PMID- 3144114 TI - Early or late start of treatment in acute otitis media. A comparative study. PMID- 3144115 TI - Secretory otitis media--infectious background and its implications for treatment. PMID- 3144116 TI - Growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone (hp GHRH1-44) as an index of growth hormone secretory dysfunction after prophylactic cranial irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (24 grays). AB - The growth hormone response to growth hormone releasing hormone hp GHRH1-44 (2 micrograms/kg i.v.) was studied in 19 prepubertal children who had been irradiated with 24 Gy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or lymphosarcoma (LS) at a mean chronological age of 4 10/12 years (limits 10/12 to 9 years). They were evaluated after a mean time interval of 4 8/12 +/- 3/12 years and compared to 14 prepubertal children with constitutional short stature (CSS). The individual responses to GHRH were decreased in all but three of the irradiated children. The mean GH response was 16.7 +/- 2.5 ng/ml as compared to 52.6 +/- 8.5 ng/ml in the control group (p less than 0.001). The GH response to GHRH was not correlated with the GH response to arginine-insulin tolerance test (AITT). A decreased response to GHRH with values between 12.5 and 19.4 ng/ml was observed in four cases with normal growth rates and normal GH responses to AITT. These results suggest that an impaired GH response to GHRH is a frequent finding after cranial irradiation for ALL or LS and may be the only sign of GH secretory dysfunction. It is probably indicative of early hypothalamic impairment of GH secretion. PMID- 3144117 TI - Adherence of alpha-hemolytic streptococci to human endocardial, endothelial and buccal cells. AB - Human buccal, endothelial and endocardial cells were prepared and the adherence of different bacteria to these cells was tested in vitro. Buccal cells were scraped off immediately before use in the adherence tests. Endothelial and endocardial cells were prepared from human umbilical vein and human heart valves by using collagenase, and cultured in cell culture medium. Seventeen different bacteria were used in the adherence tests; ten strains of alpha-hemolytic streptococci, five from children with infective endocarditis (IE) and five from healthy carriers, two S. aureus, two N. meningitidis, two N. gonorrhoeae and one E. coli. The five alpha-hemolytic streptococcal strains from patients with IE showed significantly higher adherence values than those from healthy carries as well as in comparison with the remaining seven bacteria. The difference in adherence might be an expression for different bacteria surface properties. These differences might be important in explaining the infective mechanism in infective endocarditis. PMID- 3144118 TI - Venous thrombosis associated with lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies. AB - We describe deep vein thrombosis associated with lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies in three children aged 10 to 14 years. One of them also had arterial thromboses. None of the patients had systemic lupus erythematosus when the thrombosis first occurred, but one fulfilled the criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus 3 years later. At presentation all had symptoms suggestive of pulmonary embolism and evidence of an autoimmune disease: Addison's disease in one, anti-DNA or antinuclear antibodies in all three, and a positive Coombs' test in two. Two of the three gave a false-positive test for syphilis. In the patient with systemic lupus erythematosus recurrent thrombocytopenia and severe haemolytic anaemia necessitated splenectomy. A child should be tested for lupus anticoagulant or anticardiolipin antibody if venous or arterial occlusion occurs without a known predisposing cause, or if there is pulmonary embolism or symptoms or laboratory findings suggestive of a connective tissue disease. PMID- 3144119 TI - Clinical manifestations, pulmonary function and prognosis in asthmatic children: a comparison between groups with a high and a low serum IgE level. PMID- 3144120 TI - Transpacific symposium--allergy and clinical immunology. Tokyo, Japan, Jan. 15 17, 1987. PMID- 3144121 TI - Leukotrienes and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. PMID- 3144122 TI - Specific responses to Staphylococcus aureus in patients with hyper-IgE syndrome. PMID- 3144123 TI - Genetic regulation of allergic rhinitis. PMID- 3144124 TI - Studies of food allergy--lymphocyte blastogenesis to ovalbumin or bovine serum albumin for detection of allergens in hen's egg and cow's milk allergy. PMID- 3144125 TI - In vitro effects of chemotactic factors on eosinophil Fc and complement receptor expression. PMID- 3144126 TI - IL2 production and IL2 receptor expression in primary immunodeficiency diseases. PMID- 3144127 TI - Exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 3144128 TI - Exercise-induced anaphylaxis. PMID- 3144129 TI - Exercise-induced bronchospasm in the XXIII summer Olympic games. PMID- 3144130 TI - Chemical mediator in exercise-induced asthma and exercise-induced late asthmatic responses. PMID- 3144131 TI - Pathogenetic mechanisms of exercise induced asthma and the refractory period. PMID- 3144132 TI - Onset and development of allergic diseases in children. PMID- 3144133 TI - Chronic rhinitis in children. PMID- 3144134 TI - Possible role of Streptococcus pyogenes in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. V. Further electron microscopic observations on group A beta-hemolytic streptococci inoculated into immune mice. PMID- 3144135 TI - Analysis of proteins in unconcentrated urine. PMID- 3144136 TI - Study on rapid turnover proteins in neonates. PMID- 3144137 TI - Clinical study on intrauterine growth retardation. Part I. Outcome for small-for gestational-age infants with very low birth weight (less than 1,500 g). PMID- 3144138 TI - Neurological outcome in full-term infants with intraventricular hemorrhage. PMID- 3144139 TI - Clinical applications of respiratory muscle electromyographic activity. (2) Inspiratory muscle hyperreactivity in children with severe asthma. PMID- 3144140 TI - A patient with an extra psu dic(15) chromosome. PMID- 3144141 TI - Accelerated ventricular rhythm in a 13-year-old male. PMID- 3144142 TI - Treatment of acute asthma in children. PMID- 3144143 TI - The production of cardiovascular malformations with combined use of trypan blue and anti-heart serum in the rat. PMID- 3144144 TI - A study of taurine transport and absorption in placenta and neonatal intestine and kidney. PMID- 3144145 TI - Analysis of killer cell activities in Epstein-Barr virus infections. PMID- 3144146 TI - Anticoagulant combination therapy of gabexate mesilate and urokinase in purpura fulminans. PMID- 3144147 TI - Effect of single dose intravenous aminophylline in asthma. PMID- 3144148 TI - Recovery period of hypersecretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone in patients with congenital hypothyroidism treated with thyroid hormone. PMID- 3144149 TI - A simplified Master's two-step test for preschool children: a preliminary report. PMID- 3144150 TI - Fetal echocardiography: recognition and treatment of fetal cardiac disorders. PMID- 3144151 TI - DIDMOAD syndrome (Wolfram syndrome) in four male siblings. PMID- 3144152 TI - A premature infant with a bilateral thalamostriatal hemorrhage: brain imaging and pathology. PMID- 3144153 TI - [Progress in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis]. PMID- 3144154 TI - Decreased 45calcium uptake in red cells of patients with essential hypertension. AB - Decreased 45calcium uptake was observed in red cells of 20 patients with essential hypertension. Equilibration of extracellular 45calcium with intracellular calcium was not achieved within 60 min in red cells of either hypertensive patients or control subjects. By introducing the ionophore A23187, equilibrium conditions were attained for red cells of both categories of individuals. Still the discrepancy in 45calcium uptake was preserved between them. These results support the view that red cells of hypertensive patients have an altered membrane permeability to calcium, possibly reflecting also a greater exchangeable pool of cytosolic free calcium. PMID- 3144155 TI - Antilipolytic effect of insulin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus after conventional treatment with diet and sulfonylurea. AB - Insulin-induced antilipolysis was investigated in fat cells obtained after an overnight fast and 60 min after glucose ingestion in seven non-obese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The study was performed before and after long-term therapy with diet and glibenclamide. After treatment, the antilipolytic potency of insulin in fat cells was threefold enhanced (p less than 0.05) in the fasting state and remained unaltered after glucose ingestion. In untreated NIDDM oral glucose induced a significant (p less than 0.01) increase in insulin sensitivity. In consequence, in the glucose-fed state insulin sensitivity was similar before and after therapy. Adipocyte insulin receptor binding was comparable before and after therapy, both in the fasting state and following glucose intake. In untreated NIDDM, despite relative hypoinsulinemia, plasma glycerol was markedly reduced after oral glucose. After therapy, plasma glycerol was significantly reduced both in the fasting state and following glucose ingestion. At the same time, fasting and glucose-stimulated circulating insulin were significantly (p less than 0.01) increased. It is concluded that conventional antidiabetes therapy in NIDDM mediates a suppression of adipose tissue lipolysis. This seems to be due to an improvement in insulin secretion in combination with a potentiation of the antilipolytic effectiveness of insulin in fat cells in the fasting state, the latter being secondary to post-binding alterations in insulin action. PMID- 3144156 TI - Role of natural killer cells in the early clearance of Rickettsia typhi in mice. PMID- 3144157 TI - Validation of a role for endogenously produced IFN gamma in resolution of Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice. PMID- 3144158 TI - Effect of interferons on the activation of murine peritoneal macrophages to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes. PMID- 3144159 TI - Digestion and faecal mineral content of virginiamycin-fed rabbits exposed to physiological and simulated stress. PMID- 3144160 TI - Cromoglycate induces a rebound effect on blood/milk permeability in subclinical mastitis. PMID- 3144161 TI - Advances in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia. PMID- 3144162 TI - A symposium: The use of encainide in supraventricular tachycardias. June 3 and 4, 1988, Bermuda. Proceedings. PMID- 3144163 TI - Encainide for treatment of atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - Oral encainide, varying from 75 to 300 mg/day (mean 174 mg/day), was administered to 52 patients with drug-resistant atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) associated with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Electrophysiologic studies were performed before and during drug treatment. Encainide resulted in anterograde accessory pathway block in 15 of 37 (41%) and retrograde accessory pathway block in 11 of 46 (24%) patients. In patients with residual accessory pathway conduction, encainide significantly prolonged the shortest pacing cycle length maintaining anterograde (261 +/- 26 to 404 +/- 85 ms) and retrograde (279 +/- 46 to 436 +/- 87 ms) accessory pathway conduction, as well as the anterograde accessory pathway effective refractory period (271 +/- 32 to 329 +/- 73 ms). AVRT could not be induced during encainide therapy in 20 of 49 patients (41%). In the remaining patients, AVRT cycle length increased (319 +/- 44 to 426 +/- 90 ms, p less than 0.001) due to prolongation of HV and ventriculoatrial intervals. During follow-up (mean 38.5 months), 30 patients continued to take the drug and 7 patients with favorable drug response subsequently elected to undergo surgical accessory pathway ablation (71% overall favorable response). Encainide was ineffective in 11 patients, was discontinued because of drug intolerance in 2 patients and exacerbated ventricular tachycardia in 2 patients. Lack of AVRT inducibility at encainide electrophysiologic study did not always predict recurrence-free follow-up. Encainide is an effective and well-tolerated drug to prevent recurrence of AVRT in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 3144164 TI - Encainide for atrial fibrillation associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - Thirty-six patients with a history of atrial fibrillation and Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome were treated with oral encainide, 175 +/- 44 mg/day, after undergoing baseline drug-free electrophysiologic studies. The mean age was 38 +/- 15 years, with structural heart disease present in only 3 patients. Nine patients had only paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and 27 patients had both atrial fibrillation and atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT). Symptoms were present for a mean of 195 +/- 168 months and were treated with an average of 2.7 +/- 1.6 drugs before encainide. Anterograde block in the accessory pathway occurred in 12 of 30 patients (40%) and retrograde block accessory pathway occurred in 10 of 24 patients in whom comparison could be made. AVRT was initiated in 29 of 36 patients during the control study and could be initiated in 19 of 29 patients while receiving encainide. Drug efficacy was determined by the clinical response judged completely effective, partially effective or ineffective. During a mean follow-up of 30.1 +/- 25 months, 24 patients (67%) continued to take encainide. Encainide was completely effective in 14 of 24 patients and partially effective in another 7 patients. Noncardiac side effects were mild and generally resolved, and required discontinuance in only 1 patient. More frequent AVRT occurred in 2 patients, but was managed with dose reduction and the addition of a beta blocker. Three patients had ventricular tachycardia requiring discontinuance; however 2 of 3 patients had a history of ventricular tachycardia before receiving encainide. Encainide is an effective and safe agent for treating atrial fibrillation in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 3144165 TI - Efficacy and electrophysiologic effects of encainide for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. AB - To prospectively determine the clinical efficacy and electrophysiologic effects of encainide in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), 49 patients refractory to 2.7 +/- 1.5 previous antiarrhythmic drug trials underwent electrophysiologic study before and 47 did so after administration of oral encainide (75 to 240 mg/day). Encainide prolonged the minimum atrial pacing cycle length maintaining 1:1 atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction from 334 +/- 55 to 391 +/- 55 ms (p = 0.0001). Encainide induced ventriculoatrial (VA) block in 12 patients (25%) and slowed the minimum ventricular pacing cycle length maintaining 1:1 VA conduction from 315 +/- 46 to 485 +/- 89 ms (p = 0.0001) in the remaining 35 patients. After encainide, AVNRT was not inducible in 32 of 47 patients (68%) primarily because of the effects on retrograde AV nodal conduction. In the remaining 15 (32%) patients, AVNRT remained inducible; however, the tachycardia cycle length slowed from 397 +/- 86 to 492 +/- 90 ms (p = 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the baseline minimum ventricular pacing cycle length maintaining 1:1 VA conduction in patients whose inducible tachycardia was or was not suppressed. Forty-seven patients were treated for 18.9 +/- 12.9 months (range 1 to 50) with oral encainide. Encainide was completely effective in eliminating recurrences of supraventricular tachycardia in 26 of 47 patients (55%) and partially effective in an additional 42%. Recurrences of arrhythmia occurred in 15 of 32 patients (47%) whose inducible tachycardia was suppressed by encainide and 7 of 15 patients (47%) whose inducible tachycardia was not suppressed by encainide (p = not significant).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144166 TI - Encainide versus flecainide for chronic atrial and junctional ectopic tachycardia. AB - For treatment of chronic atrial and junctional ectopic tachycardia, standard antiarrhythmic therapy has been shown to be ineffective in most patients. Both the intravenous efficacy and the oral efficacy of 2 class IC antiarrhythmic drugs, encainide and flecainide, were studied in 16 patients with atrial ectopic tachycardia and in 3 patients with junctional ectopic tachycardia, using exercise testing, 24-hour long-term electrocardiography and programmed electrical stimulation. All patients had been previously treated unsuccessfully with several antiarrhythmic drugs. In 5 patients, tachycardia was persistent; in the remaining patients, it occurred intermittently for more than 12 hours/day. Intravenous encainide, in doses ranging from 0.3 to 2.0 mg/kg body weight, was given to 5 patients with atrial ectopic tachycardia, and it terminated atrial ectopic tachycardia in all patients. Intravenous flecainide was given to 9 patients, and it terminated atrial tachycardia in 4 and slowed the tachycardia rate in 2. It terminated junctional tachycardia in 2 patients and slowed tachycardia rate in 1. During a follow-up period of 10 +/- 5 months, oral encainide, in dosages between 150 and 225 mg/day, completely suppressed atrial ectopic activity in 4 patients. In the remaining patient, encainide reduced the number of tachycardia episodes markedly but had to be withdrawn because of intolerable side effects. During a 12 +/- 11-month (median 6) follow-up, oral flecainide at dosages between 200 and 300 mg/day, completely suppressed ectopic activity in 7 patients and improved symptoms in 5. Only 1 patient failed to respond to oral flecainide. The results of this study indicate that both encainide and flecainide are effective in the treatment of chronic ectopic atrial and junctional tachycardia. PMID- 3144167 TI - Role of adrenergic stimulation by isoproterenol in reversal of effects of encainide in supraventricular tachycardia. AB - Reversal of the electrophysiologic effects of oral encainide with isoproterenol was evaluated in 16 patients with atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentry (group A) and in another 16 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (group B). Sustained AV nodal reentry was induced in all group A cases before administration of encainide, in 2 cases after oral encainide, and in 12 patients during infusion of isoproterenol. Among group B cases, 14 of 16 had sustained AV reentry during control, 6 of 16 after receiving encainide, and 8 of 16 with addition of isoproterenol. During a mean follow-up of 19 +/- 10 months in group A and 17 +/- 9 months in group B, clinical tachycardia recurred in 8 patients (4 from each group). These 8 patients were among the 20 patients who demonstrated (1) isoproterenol-induced reversibility of encainide-suppressed tachycardia, or (2) acceleration of tachycardia rate slowed by encainide. No recurrences were seen among any of the 12 cases in which isoproterenol failed to reverse the encainide induced tachycardia suppression. Patients with clinical recurrences were controlled with a variety of means, which included beta blockers in 3 and nonpharmacologic methods in the remaining 5. In patients with AV junctional tachycardia treated with oral encainide, our findings suggest that lack of tachycardia inducibility with isoproterenol predicts freedom from clinical recurrences. Furthermore, addition of a beta blocker to oral encainide may prevent clinical recurrence in some who demonstrate adrenergic reversal of encainide effect. PMID- 3144168 TI - Encainide for resistant supraventricular tachycardia in children: follow-up report. AB - Forty-one children (26 weeks gestational age to 20 years) with drug-resistant supraventricular tachycardia were treated with oral encainide, and 29 were followed for 3 to 34 months (mean 15). Diagnoses obtained by electrocardiographic criteria (23 patients) or electrophysiologic testing (18 patients) included permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia in 15 children, paroxysmal atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardias (AVRT) in 13, atrial ectopic tachycardia in 4, atrial flutter in 1, chaotic atrial tachycardia in 5 and junctional ectopic tachycardia in 3. Encainide was completely effective in 54% (22 of 41 study patients) and partially effective in an additional 24% (10 of 41 patients), when combined with propranolol or verapamil. Within 1 month, 13 (32%) discontinued encainide for inefficacy or intolerance. Encainide was most effective in the treatment of permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia (60% effective) and AVRT (69% effective). It controlled only 40% of primary atrial tachycardias. Encainide was well tolerated on a long-term basis in patients not experiencing symptoms during initiation. In study infants younger than age 6 months, encainide was associated with excessive QRS aberrancy during initiation in 4 of 13 (31%), compared with 3 of 28 (11%) in older children. Ventricular proarrhythmia occurred in 2 children and 1 died suddenly. Mean effective encainide dose was 3.5 mg/kg/day or 86 mg/m2/day. In 4 children who had nonextensive metabolism of encainide, the drug was ineffective. Encainide is effective in the treatment of some resistant forms of permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia and AVRT in otherwise healthy children. Children younger than age 6 months and those with either previous proarrhythmic events or severe cardiac dysfunction appear to have a high incidence of adverse effects. PMID- 3144169 TI - Comparison of encainide and quinidine for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. AB - The antiarrhythmic efficacy and tolerability of encainide and quinidine were compared in an open-design study in which 50 patients with recurrent supraventricular tachyarrhythmias received intravenous encainide in an initial phase and oral encainide and quinidine in a subsequent, randomized crossover phase. Oral encainide (75 to 200 mg/day), administered to 47 patients for an average of 4.7 months, was effective in 77%, and oral quinidine (1,200 mg/day), administered to 44 patients for an average of 3.2 months, was effective in 66% of the patients (difference not significant). When the duration of therapy at each crossover period was compared, the percentage of patients who continued to take encainide was consistently higher than the percentage who continued to take quinidine (p less than 0.01). Twenty-nine percent of the patients discontinued encainide treatment, 23% because of clinical inefficacy and 6% because of adverse effects. Fifty-nine percent of the patients discontinued quinidine treatment, 20% because of inefficacy and 39% because of adverse effects. Based on antiarrhythmic efficacy, encainide is at least as effective as quinidine in the treatment of patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. However, because of encainide's much greater tolerability, it was distinctly superior in terms of clinical use. This study was an open-design, randomized crossover trial to compare the efficacy and tolerability of encainide with those of quinidine in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. PMID- 3144170 TI - Safety considerations and dosing guidelines for encainide in supraventricular arrhythmias. AB - The safety issues relevant to treatment with encainide in patients with supraventricular arrhythmia were reviewed based on 349 patients enrolled in clinical trials in the United States and Europe. Although 20% of patients had a history of congestive heart failure, cardiomegaly, or cardiomyopathy at entry, there was no case of new or worsened heart failure. There were 5 cases (1.4%) of proarrhythmia in adults, reflecting a worsening of the arrhythmia being treated or of a coexisting ventricular arrhythmia. The profile of drug-related adverse effects was comparable to that previously reported, causing discontinuance in 6% of patients. The effects most often seen were dizziness, visual disturbance, headache, nausea and vertigo. Only 1 patient had clinically significant abnormal laboratory values, possibly reflecting hepatocellular injury in conjunction with viral hepatitis. Most responders received a daily dose of 75 to 200 mg/day, generally given in 3 divided doses. Encainide has a very favorable safety profile for use in the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 3144171 TI - Increased lipid peroxidation after lipid infusion as measured by breath pentane output. AB - We studied the effect of intravenous lipid infusion on lipid peroxidation as measured by breath pentane. Pentane, plasma alpha-tocopherol (alpha-tox) and plasma gamma-tocopherol (gamma-toc), selenium, and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSHPx) were measured in 10 normal control subjects and in 10 home parenteral nutrition (HPN) patients before and after infusion of 100 mL Nutralipid 10% over 30 min. Before infusion, breath pentane was significantly higher and alpha-toc was significantly lower in the HPN group than in the control subjects. These two measurements were significantly negatively correlated (r = 0.54, p less than 0.05). Pentane, alpha-toc, and Se-GSHPx were significantly increased in both groups after lipid was infused but were still significantly higher in HPN patients than in control subjects. Thus, infusion of a small amount of lipid rich in linoleic acid induced a significant increase in breath pentane, reflective of increased lipid peroxidation. PMID- 3144172 TI - Increased plasma carnitine in trauma patients given lipid-supplemented total parenteral nutrition. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of altering the fuel substrate mix of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on plasma and urinary carnitine in trauma patients. TPN solutions were either 100% carbohydrate (CHO) based or lipid based (70% CHO, 30% lipid). There were statistically significant (p less than 0.05) increases in plasma levels of free carnitine, short-chain acyl carnitine, and total carnitine in trauma patients receiving lipid-based TPN. No significant differences in urinary carnitine excretion were noted between groups. We conclude that the use of lipids in the TPN of trauma patients leads to an alteration in plasma carnitine metabolism. PMID- 3144173 TI - Acetate and hypercalciuria during total parenteral nutrition. AB - Hypercalciuria and negative calcium balance are complications of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Because metabolism of the TPN formula generates an acid load that can induce hypercalciuria, we evaluated the effect of supplementing the formula with acetate. In a randomized crossover study six patients on continuous and six on cyclic TPN received no added acetate or 160 mmol acetate/d replacing 160 mmol chloride/d for 3 d each. Blood and urine measurements were obtained on day 3 of each formula. Acetate, which is metabolized to bicarbonate, increased blood pH and decreased renal acid excretion. Urinary Ca decreased in every patient from 422 +/- 63 to 240 +/- 46 mg/d (10.5 +/- 1.6 to 6.0 +/- 1.4 mmol/d) and from 468 +/- 68 to 285 +/- 54 mg/d (11.7 +/- 1.7 to 7.1 +/- 1.3 mmol/d) during continuous and cyclic TPN, respectively. Filtered Ca load decreased slightly whereas renal tubular Ca reabsorption increased significantly with acetate. Serum parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and urinary cyclic AMP were not different. PMID- 3144174 TI - Managing changes in reimbursement patterns, Part 2. PMID- 3144175 TI - Defective anti-listerial responses in deciduoma of pseudopregnant mice. AB - Two different hormonal regimens to induce pseudopregnancy resulted in a pronounced increase in the susceptibility of the murine uterus to intraluminal injections of Listeria monocytogenes. Preimmunization, which profoundly augments systemic listeria resistance, had no effect on this increased uterine susceptibility. Anti-listerial responses in other organs were unaffected by pseudopregnancy. Animals manifesting increased susceptibility formed distinct uterine swellings in response to the combination of hormones and uterine listeria. These swellings correspond to previously described deciduoma and closely mimic the decidualized endometrium of pregnancy. The nature of the defective response to listeria was investigated by immunocytochemistry. Increased bacterial titers were correlated with an inability of macrophages and T lymphocytes to reach tissue listeria in discrete regions of deciduoma-bearing uteri. Control uteri showed a normal granulomatous pattern of inflammation. These findings closely parallel previous findings in the murine decidua basalis and suggest that properties of decidualized endometrial stromal cells regulate local immune responsiveness. PMID- 3144176 TI - Endolymphatic sac surgery: methods of study and results. AB - Surgery of the endolymphatic sac (ELS) in classical Meniere's disease has fallen under attack and has been abandoned by some surgeons. We studied our results for vertigo and hearing in 83 patients undergoing surgery of the ELS for intractable classical Meniere's disease. Half of the patients were completely free of definitive attacks at 2 years; another quarter experienced substantial control. Three fourths noted an improvement in their level of disability. Results for vertigo were sustained at longer follow-up intervals. Nineteen percent had revision surgery (usually retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy) for intractable vertigo within 2 years of the sac operation. The 1985 reporting method of the American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery was found superior to previous methods because it specified a meaningful follow-up interval, used a graded scale accounting for partial success in treatment, and separated results for vertigo and hearing. Nevertheless, optimal use of the method in the future will require prospective reporting and a concerted effort to avoid confusion between definitive attacks of true vertigo and adjunctive vestibular symptoms. Even though the mechanism of the beneficial effect of sac surgery is unknown, we have found it useful in the control of disabling vertigo. PMID- 3144177 TI - Correlation of ABR and medical imaging in patients with cerebellopontine angle tumors. AB - In this retrospective study, 100 recently operated acoustic nerve tumors were reviewed to determine the success of the use of auditory brain stem response (ABR) as cross-check of the medical imaging studies. When the patient had sufficient hearing to obtain a diagnostic ABR (93 patients), the initial ABR was abnormal in 96.7%. However, the initial medical imaging procedure (enhanced computerized axial tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) was positive in 69% of the patients. Thus, it is recommended that the ABR be included in the evaluation of patients suspected of having acoustic nerve tumors to help in the determination of the need for additional studies. This use of the cross-check may speed the time it takes to reach a diagnosis. PMID- 3144178 TI - Low-affinity intestinal L-aspartate transport with 2:1 coupling stoichiometry for Na+/Asp. AB - Epithelial cells isolated from chick small intestine were used to define the ionic and electrical characteristics of a low-affinity (Km = 4.1 mM) L-aspartate transport system. L-Glutamate and D-aspartate, but not D-glutamate, were found to inhibit L-aspartate influx, suggesting that this uptake system has a substrate specificity similar to that previously described for a high-affinity (Km = 16 microM) acidic amino acid transporter in the same cells. Low-affinity uptake is Na+ dependent with a Hill coefficient (n) of 1.4. Intracellular K+ moderately enhances but is not required for aspartate influx, and this response is modulated by changes in intracellular pH. The Na+-dependent uptake of aspartate is electroneutral, as evidenced by insensitivity to pronounced changes in delta psi induced by anion gradients or valinomycin in the presence of K+ gradients. Because the above characteristics can be consistent with several transport models, direct measurement of delta Na+-delta Asp coupling stoichiometry were performed. The coupling ratio was determined to be approximately 2.0. A model for intestinal Na+-dependent L-Asp transport is suggested in which each transport cycle involves inward transfer of 2Na+:1Asp+ and outward transfer of K+ or H+ in a net electroneutral set of events. PMID- 3144179 TI - Oxidants and conductance of cultured epithelial cell monolayers: inositol phospholipid hydrolysis. AB - Reactive oxidants contribute to the alterations in endothelial and epithelial permeability that characterize the inflammatory response. We previously noted that noncytolytic doses of oxidants reversibly decreased the electrical resistance across cultured monolayers of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells (J. Clin. Invest. 76: 1155-1168, 1985). In this investigation, we have found that similar doses of oxidants initiate inositol phospholipid hydrolysis by a phospholipase C in cultured MDCK cells, with resultant increases in inositol polyphosphates, phosphatidic acid, and 1,2 diglycerides. Activation of this pathway is linked to activation of protein kinase C in many cells. The addition of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBU) and 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, activators of protein kinase C, decreased the electrical resistance across MDCK monolayers cultured on micropore filters similar to the effects of hydrogen peroxide. In contrast, the addition of 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, a chemically similar compound that does not activate protein kinase C, did not decrease the electrical resistance. When MDCK monolayers were exposed to PDBU, fixed, and stained with rhodamine phallicidin, the peripheral band of actin in the cells showed a loss of staining density and continuity similar to the changes in phallicidin staining we previously noted in cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that some of the reversible effects of oxidants on epithelial barriers are mediated through phospholipase C hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids with consequent activation of protein kinase C. PMID- 3144180 TI - Role of interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor on energy metabolism in rabbits. AB - A study of the combined effects of intravenous infusion of the recombinant cytokines beta-interleukin 1 (IL-1) and alpha-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on energy substrate metabolism in awake, conditioned, adult rabbits was performed. After a 2-h basal or control period, 48-h fasted rabbits were administered TNF and IL-1 as a bolus (5 micrograms/kg) followed by a continuous intravenous infusion (25 ng.kg-1.min-1) for 3 h. Significant increases in plasma lactate (P less than 0.01), glucose (P less than 0.01), and triglycerides (P less than 0.05) occurred during the combined infusion of IL-1 and TNF, whereas neither cytokine alone had no effect. There was a 33% increase in the rate of glucose appearance (P less than 0.05), but glucose clearance was not altered compared with the control period. Glucose oxidation increased during the combined cytokine infusion period and glucose recycling increased by 600% (P less than 0.002). Lactic acidosis and decreased oxygen consumption, as a result of the cytokine infusions, indicated development of anaerobic glycolytic metabolism. A reduction in the activity state of hepatic mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (65 vs. 82% in control animals, P less than 0.05) was consistent with the observed increase in anaerobic glycolysis. Thus the combined infusion of IL-1 and TNF in rabbits produces metabolic manifestations seen in severe injury and sepsis in human patients and, as such, may account for the profound alterations of energy metabolism seen in these conditions. PMID- 3144181 TI - Acidosis-induced glucose intolerance is not prevented by adrenergic blockade. AB - The determinants of the altered glucoregulation in acidosis were investigated in anesthetized dogs. Because CO2 rapidly equilibrates and its effects are mediated by pH changes, CO2 inhalation was examined. Plasma acid-base composition, glucose, insulin, glucagon, and blood flows were evaluated before and after an intravenous glucose load (1.2 +/- 0.1 g/kg body wt) in normal and acidotic dogs with flow probes and catheters chronically implanted in the portal circulation. A simultaneous infusion of phentolamine (5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1), propranolol (3.5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1), both, or none was used. All acidemic dogs had lower hepatic extraction of insulin and greater hyperglycemia after the glucose challenge; thus the adrenergic system is not critical for these responses. Because arterial insulin levels were either normal (propranolol) or increased (all others) in acidosis, insulin resistance was likely. Insulin infusion (2 and 4 mU.kg-1.min-1) with euglycemic clamp and [3-3H]glucose documented that acidemia decreases peripheral glucose utilization and the insulin suppression of hepatic glucose production. Acidemia also enhances plasma glucagon levels, yet this effect plays a limited role in the observed hyperglycemia. PMID- 3144182 TI - Role of arachidonic acid metabolites in ethanol vasoaction in rat gastric submucosa. AB - By use of an in vivo microscopy technique in the anesthetized rat, the effect of 0.5-8.0% ethanol on gastric submucosal blood vessel diameter was studied. The direct application of ethanol onto the exposed submucosal vasculature caused a dose-dependent dilatation of the arterioles (9 +/- 3% by 2% ethanol) but had no effect on venular diameter. In rats pretreated with 5 mg/kg indomethacin subcutaneously to inhibit cyclooxygenase activity, the submucosal application of ethanol caused dose-dependent constriction of both arterioles and venules (2% ethanol decreasing diameters by 21 +/- 3 and 15 +/- 2%, respectively). This constriction by ethanol in indomethacin-pretreated rats was significantly inhibited by BW755C, a lipoxygenase inhibitor. Under these conditions, 2% ethanol had no significant effect on either arterioles or venules. In conclusion, ethanol appears to cause release of vasodilating prostaglandins and vasoconstricting leukotrienes that may mediate or modulate the microvascular response to ethanol. PMID- 3144183 TI - Acidification adaptation along the inner medullary collecting duct. AB - Chronic acid feeding (ACD) stimulates and chronic alkali (AKL) feeding suppresses acid secretion along the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) of the rat. The purpose of these experiments was to determine whether these stimuli produce IMCD acidification adaptation. We tested this hypothesis by acutely changing systemic PCO2 in rats chronically fed ACD or ALK. Microcatheterization was used to measure pH and PCO2 and samples were simultaneously obtained for measurement of bicarbonate, titratable acid (TA), and ammonium. In 10 ACD rats (arterial pH, 7.26 +/- 0.01; PCO2, 88 +/- 1 mmHg) acid secretion along the IMCD was 506 +/- 88 nmol/min. In 10 ALK rats with similar arterial gases (pH, 7.16 +/- 0.02; PCO2, 82 +/- 1 mmHg) IMCD acid secretion was only 284 +/- 57 nmol/min, P less than 0.05. In ACD rats made hypocarbic (pH, 7.26 +/- 0.03; PCO2, 24 +/- 1 mmHg), IMCD acid secretion was 163 +/- 55 nmol/min. These data were compared with previously studied rats eating a regular diet. Acute hypocarbia (pH, 7.54 +/- 0.02; PCO2, 20 +/- 1 mmHg) completely suppressed acid secretion, 4 +/- 23 nmol/min, along the IMCD. We conclude that chronic alterations in acid-base status provide an IMCD "set" where comparable stimuli produce significant differences in IMCD acidification. These data provide additional support for the concept of IMCD acidification adaptation. PMID- 3144184 TI - Characteristics of papillary collecting duct cells in primary culture. AB - We examined the electrophysiological and Na+ transport characteristics of rat papillary collecting duct (PCD) cells grown in primary cultures. Grown as monolayers on polycarbonate filters, the cells displayed similar morphological characteristics to native epithelia. They also bound Dolichus biflorus lectin, a property shared by native cells. Monolayers developed a peak electrical resistance of 100-200 omega.cm2 and a transmonolayer voltage of less than 2 mV. Similar values were measured in the perfused, native PCD of the same species as well as PCD cells cultured from rabbit and bovine kidneys. Hamster cells did not readily develop confluent monolayers under the same conditions. Exposure of the cultured cells to 10% fetal calf serum for 24 h caused the Na+ uptake across the apical membrane to double, an effect not reproduced by indomethacin, insulin, vasopressin, aldosterone, dexamethasone, or hexamethylene bisacetamide (an inducer of differentiation). Amiloride (1 mM) inhibited Na+ uptake by 50-80%. The measured short-circuit current did not correlate with Na+ uptake and was clearly dissociated by exposure to serum. The results suggest that there is more than one mechanism of ion transport by the rat PCD. PMID- 3144185 TI - Flow-mediated dilation attenuates constriction of large coronary arteries to serotonin. AB - We tested the hypothesis that flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation can attenuate humorally mediated constriction of large coronary arteries in vivo. Accordingly, we measured constriction of large coronary arteries to serotonin when flow was allowed to increase and when flow was constant in the presence and absence of endothelium. The left anterior descending coronary artery of anesthetized dogs was perfused at constant pressure (100 mmHg) and diameter measured with an ultrasonic dimension gauge. Coronary flow was measured with an in-line electromagnetic flow probe. Flow-mediated dilation was demonstrated by measuring diameter (D) after increased flow in response to adenosine (1 mg/min ic). Adenosine (n = 9) increased flow (341 +/- 69%) and resulted in large artery dilation [diameter change (delta D) = 101 +/- 54 microns], which was abolished by maintaining constant flow (distal snare) or by removing endothelium. Serotonin (n = 9, 50 micrograms/min ic) increased flow (298 +/- 45%) while simultaneously decreasing large artery diameter (delta D = -58 +/- 22 microns). When flow was kept constant, serotonin produced a greater constriction (delta D = -173 +/- 29 microns). After the removal of endothelium (n = 10), constrictor responses to serotonin were similar when flow increased (delta D = -84 +/- 13 microns) and when flow was kept constant (delta D = -79 +/- 23 microns). We conclude that flow mediated dilation of large coronary arteries can attenuate constriction to serotonin and that this effect is dependent on endothelium. PMID- 3144186 TI - Endothelial injury and vascular reactivity in monocrotaline pulmonary hypertension. AB - We used awake, unsedated rats with indwelling cardiovascular catheters to study the role of endothelial injury and increased pulmonary vascular reactivity in the pathogenesis of monocrotaline (MC)-induced pulmonary hypertension. Hemodynamic findings were correlated with morphometric analyses of alterations in the vascular endothelium assessed by electron microscopy and of muscularization of pulmonary arteries assessed by light microscopy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200 250 g) were injected with MC (60 mg/kg) or with saline vehicle. The hemodynamic response to acute hypoxia (10% O2 for 10 min) was studied at 4, 8, and 12 days postinjection. Pulmonary artery pressures and resistances (Ppa, Rp) were similar in saline- and MC-injected rats at 4 and 8 days postinjection. In response to acute hypoxia, the rise in Ppa was also similar, but there was a slight but significant rise in Rp, (P less than 0.05) in the 8-day group, due largely to a decrease in cardiac output. At 12 days after injection, base-line Ppa was increased in MC-injected rats (P less than 0.01) and there was a heightened response to hypoxia assessed both as a significant increase in Ppa and Rp (P less than 0.05 each). Endothelial injury was observed as early as 4 days postinjection with pallor and swelling evident qualitatively and by a decreased proportion of microfilaments (P less than 0.05) assessed quantitatively. By light microscopy, extension of smooth muscle into normally nonmuscularized pulmonary arteries was evident by 8 days postinjection. By 12 days postinjection there was marked extension of smooth muscle present (P less than 0.01) with medial hypertrophy of muscular arteries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144187 TI - Effect of jugular venous pressure on cerebral autoregulation in dogs. AB - We determined the importance of a myogenic sensor of cerebral autoregulation by assessing the effect of vascular transmural pressure on cerebral blood flow (CBF) as cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) was decreased. Decreasing CPP by decreased arterial pressure (Pa) or increased intracranial pressure (Pcsf) decreases transmural pressure, whereas increased jugular venous pressure (Pjv) increases transmural pressure. Regional CBF was measured in barbiturate-anesthetized dogs using radiolabeled microspheres. In group 1 (n = 5), CPP was decreased by decreasing Pa; in group 2 (n = 5), CPP was decreased by increasing Pcsf (Pa = 80 mmHg); and in group 3 (n = 5) CPP was decreased by increasing Pjv (Pa = 80 mmHg). CPP was reduced from 80 to 30 mmHg in 10-mm increments in each group. In groups 1 and 2 regional CBF was maintained as CPP was decreased to 40 mmHg; however, at CPP of 30 mmHg, blood flow to cerebrum, caudate, and periventricular white matter decreased, whereas flow to cerebellum and medulla remained unchanged. In group 3 regional CBF was unchanged as CPP decreased from 80 to 50 mmHg but decreased in all regions as CPP decreased further. In all three groups, cerebrovascular resistance continuously declined as CPP was decreased. In all groups, cerebral O2 uptake was unaltered. Autoregulation fails at a higher CPP with increased Pjv than with decreased Pa or increased Pcsf, particularly in brain stem. We conclude that metabolic autoregulation predominates over the myogenic mechanism until CPP is low. PMID- 3144188 TI - Blood oxygen content estimated from PO2, PCO2, and pH. AB - Oxygen content of blood (265 samples, 25 dogs) from two experimental groups was estimated from measurements of blood PO2, PCO2, pH, hemoglobin, and body temperature with the computational subroutines of Olszowka and Farhi (6). Each computed value was compared with the corresponding oxygen content measured directly by a galvanometric oxygen fuel cell (Lex-O2-Con analyzer). The computed values had consistent errors when compared with the corresponding fuel cell determinations. Linear regression of fuel cell determinations on the corresponding computed values was used to obtain a corrected estimate of oxygen content. When the linear regression correction procedure was performed within each of 25 dogs, the resultant estimates were substantially improved over a lumped correction. The mean absolute value of the difference between the corrected calculated value within an individual dog and the corresponding oxygen fuel cell content determination was 0.38 +/- 0.28 (6 anesthetized dogs, 76 samples) and 0.17 +/- 0.15 (19 awake dogs, 189 samples) (SD) vol% for the two experimental groups. It is concluded that blood oxygen content may be accurately estimated from PO2, PCO2, and pH when appropriately corrected. The advantage is that only a small subset of the total number of blood samples needs to be analyzed with the oxygen fuel cell. PMID- 3144189 TI - Fetal cerebral responses to ventilation and oxygenation in utero. AB - Previous studies have shown that cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2) increases by nearly 50% at birth. The perinatal factors responsible for this increase are unknown; however, one possibility is that fetal CMRO2 is constrained by the normal intrauterine arterial PO2 (PaO2) of approximately 20 mmHg. We investigated this possibility in seven near-term chronically instrumented fetal sheep (131-138 days gestation) in which we inserted vascular catheters and an endotracheal tube. After 1-3 days recovery, we measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) with radiolabeled microspheres and calculated CMRO2. Measurements were made in utero under three conditions for each fetus: 1) nonventilated control; 2) ventilation with 3% O2-5% CO2-92% N2; and 3) ventilation with an inspired oxygen concentration sufficient to raise fetal PaO2 to normal newborn levels (mean 73 mmHg). A calf lung surfactant extract (CLSE) was instilled into the endotracheal tube of the fetus before ventilation to ensure adequate levels of alveolar surfactant and to maintain stable pH and arterial PCO2. The results showed that increasing fetal arterial PO2 to postnatal levels did not consistently increase CMRO2. CBF decreased as arterial O2 content (CaO2) rose, with an inverse hyperbolic response similar to that previously found to relate CBF to CaO2 during fetal hypoxic hypoxia. This indicates that the normally low intrauterine PaO2 does not intrinsically limit CMRO2 and implies that the rapid increase in CMRO2 at birth reflects the activation of specific cellular and physiological processes at (or near) this unique developmental event. PMID- 3144190 TI - Active immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone combined with androgen supplementation is a promising antifertility vaccine for males. AB - Male rats and rabbits were immunized against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) conjugated to tetanus toxoid (GnRH10-TT) using only materials approved for humans. Testosterone (T)-releasing implants or the long-lasting T ester testosterone-17-trans-4-n-butyl-cyclohexane carboxylate (TE) was used as supplemental androgen for maintaining libido. Immunization against GnRH10-TT effectively suppressed fertility (spermatogenesis) in rats and rabbits. Neither T nor TE administration restored fertility. Both androgens were effective in maintaining normal libido in rats. TE, which is not hydrolyzed in rabbits, was less effective in maintaining normal ejaculatory behavior in this species. Active immunization against GnRH could be a convenient and cost-effective method of fertility control in males. PMID- 3144191 TI - Recent advances in defining human seminal plasma antigens using monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3144192 TI - Alfentanil infusion in the elderly. Prolonged computer-assisted infusion of alfentanil in the elderly surgical patient. AB - The use of a computer-assisted infusion of alfentanil, combined with 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen, for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia was evaluated in 18 elderly patients. The target alfentanil concentration for induction was varied between 300 and 475 ng/ml, to be achieved in 2 minutes. During maintenance, the alfentanil concentration was increased or decreased according to each patient's responses. Arterial blood samples were taken for measurement of alfentanil concentration. There were high incidences of muscle rigidity, bradycardia and hypotension during induction. Hypotension was dose- and concentration-dependent. Signs of light anaesthesia during maintenance were controlled rapidly by increasing the target plasma concentration. Nine patients required naloxone at the end of surgery. Ventilatory depression recurred in three of these. The use of published alfentanil pharmacokinetic data from elderly patients to predict plasma concentrations during prolonged infusion resulted in significant prediction errors, notably in the higher concentration range. PMID- 3144193 TI - A simple arrangement to sample expired gas in small children. PMID- 3144194 TI - Propofol, opisthotonus and epilepsy. PMID- 3144195 TI - [Trace elements in artificial nutrition. Art and practice]. AB - The trace elements known to be necessary for man are iron, zinc, copper, selenium, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt and iodine. This review article, which excludes iron, deals with the need for supplemental trace elements during artificial feeding, and the way they should be administered. The biological importance of these trace elements is argued on the basis of their biochemical involvement and the clinical pictures seen in accidental or experimental deficiency states. Assessing a patient's trace element status is rather difficult. The relative merits of different laboratory investigations is discussed: plasma, erythrocyte, capillary and urinary levels, specific enzyme activities, loading tests. The different situations when trace elements are required, assessing the amount needed and the possible toxic risks, are presented from a literature survey. PMID- 3144196 TI - Unexpectedly high incidence of Pneumocystis carinii infection after lung-heart transplantation. Implications for lung defense and allograft survival. AB - Pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii (PCP) is regularly encountered in organ allograft recipients who are immunosuppressed to prevent rejection. Recipients of lung/heart allografts may be particularly prone to pulmonary infection due to systemic immunosuppression and the fact that defense mechanisms in the transplanted lung may be further impaired through tissue incompatibility and the effects of surgery. In this study, we monitored 16 lung transplant recipients for infection with Pneumocystis carinii using serial bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and found the prevalence of Pneumocystis infection of the lung to be 88%. Six episodes were associated with the usual symptoms of pneumonia, whereas 10 episodes were associated with minimal or no symptoms. In 3 of the 6 symptomatic episodes, a concurrent bacterial infection was also found. The total number of cells recovered from the lung by BAL, the proportion of T-lymphocytes, and the number of cytotoxic/suppressor and helper/inducer cells were elevated during infection with Pneumocystis compared to before and after. Spontaneous and interleukin-2-induced proliferation of BAL cells in vitro was also higher during infection, suggesting that there was an increased number of activated T lymphocytes in the airspaces of the infected allograft. BAL cells cultured with irradiated spleen cells from the donor proliferated at higher levels when obtained after Pneumocystis infection than when obtained before or during infection even for subclinical infections. These results indicate that in the absence of prophylaxis, the prevalence of Pneumocystis infestation is very high after lung/heart transplantation. Impaired defense of the transplanted lung does not seem to stem from the inability of activated T-lymphocytes to accumulate in the allograft.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144197 TI - Lymphadenopathy in an inner-city population consisting principally of intravenous drug abusers with suspected acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Generalized lymphadenopathy in intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) at risk for AIDS has not been well studied. We have retrospectively analyzed the results of lymph node biopsies obtained from 27 patients referred to the Infectious Diseases Service for evaluation of generalized lymphadenopathy and suspected AIDS during a recent 18-month period. Fourteen of the patients were heterosexual IVDAs, 7 were male homosexual IVDAs, and 6 were male homosexual non-IVDAs. All of the patients were residents of the Bronx, New York. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) was the most frequent diagnosis established on lymph node biopsies from IVDAs, in 12 out of 21 (57%). Tuberculous adenitis was not diagnosed in the 6 non-IVDAs. All TB patients were febrile, 11 (91%) had lost weight, and 10 (84%) had an abnormal chest roentgenogram. The 5TU PPD skin test, however, was reactive in only 2 (16%) of 12 patients. Tuberculosis is important to consider in patient populations with exposure histories to both AIDS and TB. The alarmingly high prevalence of TB in this drug addict population emphasizes the importance of lymph node biopsies with acid-fast smears and mycobacterial cultures in symptomatic IVDAs. Preventive antituberculosis therapy for HIV-positive persons, especially IVDAs, with a history of positive tuberculin reactions or of recent household contact should be seriously considered. PMID- 3144198 TI - The effect of nasal flow on breathlessness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receiving supplemental oxygen state that this treatment makes them less short of breath at rest. We postulated that this phenomenon may be related to improved arterial oxygenation, reduced ventilation, or stimulation of nasal receptors caused by the flow of gas. Eight patients who reported this phenomenon were studied in a quiet room. Each patient received zero flow, 2, or 4 L/min of air or oxygen through nasal cannula for 5 min at each level in random order in a single blind manner. At the end of each period, arterial blood gas composition was measured, and breathlessness was assessed with a visual analog scale. The scale was calibrated to read from zero (not at all breathless) to 100 (extremely short of breath). The entire protocol was repeated after application of topical lidocaine to the nasal passages. Results were assessed by analysis of variance. We found no significant effect of inspired oxygen concentration, gas flow, arterial oxygen tension, or arterial carbon dioxide tension on breathlessness. There was, however, a significant increase in breathlessness after nasal anesthesia from 44 +/- 3 SEM to 52 +/- 4 SEM (p less than 0.005). We suggest that the reduction of breathlessness in these patients by nasal oxygen is a placebo effect caused by wearing the nasal cannulas and is unrelated to gas flow or the increased arterial oxygen tension. PMID- 3144199 TI - Isotonic nebulized disodium cromoglycate provides better protection against methacholine- and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. AB - In 21 asthmatic subjects we determined whether inhalation of an isotonic solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) would result in better protection against bronchial provocation with methacholine or exercise than the standard hypotonic solution of DSCG. Pretreatment with isotonic DSCG resulted in significantly greater reduction in exercise-induced bronchospasm (10 patients) than with hypotonic DSCG. In addition, the dose of methacholine required to induce a decrease greater than 20% in FEV1 was significantly higher following pretreatment with isotonic DSCG compared with placebo or hypotonic solution of the drug (11 patients). We conclude that nebulized isotonic DSCG provides better protection against exercise- and methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction than does the standard solution. Our findings suggest that the use of an isotonic solution of DSCG would be beneficial in the management of asthmatic patients. PMID- 3144200 TI - The role of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase mediators in oxidant-induced lung injury. AB - Infusion of the oxidant lipid peroxide tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-bu-OOH) causes pulmonary vasoconstriction and increases vascular permeability in isolated perfused rabbit lungs. We have previously shown that t-bu-OOH stimulates arachidonic acid metabolism, increasing the synthesis of the cyclooxygenase products. The current experiments were designed to determine the role that cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-derived mediators play in the lung injury caused by t-bu-OOH. In the present experiments, we found that t-bu-OOH not only increased the synthesis of the cyclooxygenase-derived products thromboxane and prostacyclin but also increased the synthesis of the lipoxygenase-derived products leukotrienes B4, C4, D4, and E4. To determine the role that these arachidonic acid metabolites play in the increase in pressure and vascular permeability caused by t-bu-OOH, we studied the effect that inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism or a leukotriene receptor blocker had on the pulmonary edema. We compared an uninjured control group with 4 groups of lungs given t-bu-OOH: a t-bu-OOH control group; a group pretreated with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (14 microM); a group pretreated with an analogue of arachidonic acid, 5-, 8-, 11-, 14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) (100 microM), that inhibits both the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways; and a group pretreated with the leukotriene receptor antagonist FPL 55712 (38 microM). To produce lung injury, t-bu-OOH (300 microM) was infused throughout the first minute of 4 successive 10-min periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144201 TI - Effects of posture on stimulated ventilation in quadriplegia. AB - Quadriplegics are able to compensate for alterations of operational length of the diaphragm by reflexly increasing neural drive to the diaphragm. This increase in neural drive is adequate to maintain required tidal volume and minute ventilation during quiet breathing in these patients with limited inspiratory muscle function. It is not known, however, if this neural compensation is sufficient to preserve ventilation when the diaphragm is stressed by simultaneously changing its operational length and increasing ventilatory demands. This issue was explored in 7 quadriplegics whose vital capacity was reduced to 15 to 53% of predicted. The diaphragm was stressed by shortening its length from the supine to a 60 degree tilted position, and also by inducing hyperventilation by having the subjects rebreathe 7% CO2. Response to this stress was recorded by monitoring the ventilatory response to rebreathing CO2 (delta VE/delta PCO2), and also by measuring mouth pressure 0.1 s after occluding the airway at the start of inspiration during CO2 rebreathing (delta P0.1/delta PCO2). A change from the supine to the tilted position caused an increase in resting end-expiratory volume of 0.8 +/- 0.2 L (SD) and therefore shortened the diaphragm. Despite this shortening of diaphragm length and the stress of CO2 rebreathing, there was no significant change in delta VE/delta PCO2 and delta P0.1/delta PCO2 with changes in posture. The delta VE/delta PCO2 was 0.82 +/- 0.42 L/min/mm Hg supine versus 0.95 +/- 0.65 L/min/mm Hg when tilted. The delta P0.1/delta PCO2 was 0.18 +/- 0.08 cm H2O/mm Hg supine versus 0.20 +/- 0.10 cm H2O/mm Hg tilted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144202 TI - Detection of nosocomial lung infection in ventilated patients. Use of a protected specimen brush and quantitative culture techniques in 147 patients. AB - To determine the usefulness of samples obtained by bronchoscopy using a protected specimen brush and evaluated by quantitative culture techniques in establishing the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in patients requiring mechanical ventilation, we prospectively studied 147 ventilated patients suspected of having nosocomial pneumonia because of the presence of a new pulmonary infiltrate and purulent tracheal secretions. Positive cultures of protected brush specimens (greater than 10(3) cfu/ml) were found in only 45 patients (31%). Subsequent follow-up confirmed the diagnosis of pneumonia in 34 of 45 patients, and in only 4 of 45 patients was a positive culture firmly established to be a false positive result. No patient with less than 10(3) cfu/ml was subsequently shown to have had pneumonia, and the diagnosis was definitely excluded in 72 of 102 patients by the absence of pneumonia at autopsy or recovery without antibiotic therapy. In contrast, when 16 clinical variables were evaluated by stepwise logistic regression analysis, no combination could be identified that was useful in distinguishing patients with bacterial pneumonia. Furthermore, when the actual costs of evaluation and therapy of our patients were compared with the projected costs entailed in treating all patients suspected of having pneumonia with antibiotics, evaluation using the protected specimen brush and quantitative cultures was less expensive after only 6 days of treatment. These results suggest that the appearance of pulmonary infiltrates and purulent tracheal secretions does not result from bacterial pneumonia in a majority of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144203 TI - Alteration in obstructive apnea pattern induced by changes in oxygen- and carbon dioxide-inspired concentrations. AB - In patients with obstructive apnea, it was hypothesized that stimulation of the ventilatory system by hypercapnia during sleep would increase pharyngeal inspiratory muscle activity and thereby increase upper airway caliber. We predicted that this increase in caliber would decrease the number of apneas and sleep time spent apneic. In contrast, suppression of the ventilatory system activity with hyperoxia was predicted to decrease both inspiratory muscle activity and pharyngeal caliber and thereby increase the number of apneas and apnea time. In all 7 patients with symptomatic obstructive sleep apnea studied, 3 with upper airway narrowing obvious during wakefulness, inhalation of 3 to 6% CO2 preferentially stimulated upper airway inspiratory muscle tonic electrical activity relative to the activity of chest wall inspiratory muscles and diminished periodic breathing. Apnea time decreased from 60 +/- 2% (mean +/- SEM) of sleep time during ambient air inhalation to 12 +/- 3% during CO2 inhalation; 50% O2 had the reverse effect on inspiratory muscle tonic electrical activity and increased apnea time to 75 +/- 5% of sleep time. We conclude that manipulation of inspiratory muscle tonic activity and alteration of the pattern of breathing by CO2 and O2 inhalation lead to significant changes in the pattern of upper airway inspiratory collapse during sleep. We speculate that physiologic variables related to the control of upper airway inspiratory muscle function are instrumental in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea. PMID- 3144204 TI - Inhibition of inspiratory muscle activity during sleep. Chemical and nonchemical influences. AB - The purpose of this study was twofold, namely, to determine (1) if phasic respiratory muscle activity can be inhibited during nocturnal mechanical ventilation, and (2) the mechanism by which this inhibition occurs. Twelve normal subjects were studied during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (Stages 2 to 4) while receiving negative (NPV, 8 subjects) or positive (PPV, 4 subjects) pressure ventilation and during spontaneous breathing. EMGdia (surface), end-tidal CO2 pressure (PETCO2), esophageal pressure (Pe), and ventilation were measured with a flow-through hood (NPV) or a mask (PPV). The following results were obtained during steady-state (3 to 22 min) mechanical ventilation. (1) A decrease in PETCO2 of 2 to 6 mm Hg resulted in elimination of phasic EMGdia in all subjects. Inhibition of respiratory muscle EMG (and a positive shift in Pe) occurred coincident with the breath-by-breath reduction in PETCO2, so that EMGdia was usually eliminated after the initial 4 to 6 breaths while using the ventilator. (2) Returning PETCO2 to the spontaneous sleeping level by adding CO2 to the inspired air (isocapnic mechanical ventilation) caused significant increases in EMGdia. During this isocapnic mechanical ventilation, however, EMGdia usually remained less than during eucapnic control. (3) Stopping the ventilator during hypocapnic ventilation caused a prolongation of expiratory time (TE) that was proportional to the degree of hypocapnia during the mechanical ventilation (100 to 1,200% increase over control). During isocapnic ventilation, cessation of mechanical ventilation caused no change in TE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144205 TI - Antigen-induced edema formation, bronchoconstriction, and pulmonary vasospasm in the isolated perfused guinea pig lung. Evidence for a secondary edemagenic response. AB - The effect of antigen (ovalbumin) challenge on pulmonary hemodynamics, bronchoconstriction, and fluid filtration was investigated in Ringer's-perfused (non-recirculating) lungs that had been passively sensitized in vitro. Bolus ovalbumin injection (30 micrograms) produced immediate increases in pulmonary arterial pressure, peak intratracheal pressure, and lung weight within 1 min and secondary marked increases in intratracheal pressure and lung weight from 120 to 200 min. Electron microscopy of antigen-challenged isolated lungs showed evidence of both septal and intraalveolar edema. Ionophore A23187 (100 micrograms) challenge of nonsensitized lungs produced immediate pulmonary responses similar to antigen, whereas secondary increases in lung weight were smaller. Arachidonic acid pretreatment (1 microM) potentiated immediate antigen-induced increases in intratracheal pressure but did not affect pulmonary responses to ionophore challenge. Putative mediators of anaphylaxis including histamine, leukotrienes B4, C4, D4, and E4, platelet-activating factor, and substance P produced immediate changes in pulmonary arterial and/or intratracheal pressure similar to antigen challenge. Only platelet-activating factor and substance P partially mimicked the secondary edema formation noted following antigen challenge. Thus, antigen challenge in in vitro sensitized guinea pig lungs produced both immediate and secondary responses characterized by increases in vascular pressure, airway pressure, and edema formation. This occurred in the absence of circulating blood formed elements and without a massive influx of cells. Synergism between mediators such as histamine, the leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, and substance P released following antigen challenge may be necessary to produce the complete pathophysiological sequelae associated with antigen challenge in the perfused guinea pig lung. PMID- 3144206 TI - Weekly cuirass ventilation improves blood gases and inspiratory muscle strength in patients with chronic air-flow limitation and hypercarbia. AB - We studied the effects of an 8-h, once-a-week schedule of cuirass ventilation (CV) in 5 patients with advanced chronic air-flow limitation and chronic hypercarbia (PaCO2, 58.6 +/- 10.1 mm Hg; mean +/- SD). Repeated measurements of arterial blood gases, maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (P1max), 12-min walking distance, and respiratory cycle were performed during a 1-month run-in period. Quality of life and transdiaphragmatic pressure were measured once. All patients completed the planned 4-month study. Four of them were ventilated for longer periods because CV could not be discontinued at the end of the study. PaCO2 showed a significant fall starting during the first month; PaO2 significantly increased from the second month, whereas P1max significantly rose from the third month on. Maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure increased in the 2 patients with abnormal baseline values. The fall in PaCO2 was associated with an increase in tidal volume because of a longer inspiratory time. Significant improvements in quality of life and in the 12-min walking distance were observed. We conclude that weekly CV improves blood gases, inspiratory muscle strength, and clinical conditions of patients with chronic air-flow limitation and chronic hypercarbia, probably because of correction of chronic inspiratory muscle fatigue. PMID- 3144207 TI - Nitrogen and energy relationships in malnourished patients with emphysema. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of nutritional support on nitrogen-energy relationships and functional parameters in malnourished patients with emphysema. Malnourished patients without lung disease served as the control group. Ten ambulatory, stable patients with emphysema and six patients without lung disease received an infusion of 5% dextrose (baseline) plus electrolytes (D5W) for two days, which was followed by an enteral or a parenteral infusion of either a carbohydrate-based (CB, 53% carbohydrate) or a fat-based diet (FB, 55% fat) for 1 wk each, in a randomized cross-over design. All patients had greater than 10% weight loss. Caloric intake was set at 1.7 times the resting energy expenditure (REE) as measured during the baseline period. The REE of patients with emphysema was 23 and 27% above that of the control group during baseline and refeeding periods, respectively. The increased REE was met primarily by an increased carbohydrate oxidation. During the infusion of D5W, N balance was lower in patients with emphysema, but during repletion N balance was similar in both groups of patients. Two weeks of nutritional support with either a CB or a FB diet increased body weight, N balance, and arm muscle area and improved maximal inspiratory pressure, skeletal muscle strength, and endurance-strength (using quadriceps, hamstring, and handgrip) to a similar degree in malnourished patients with and without lung disease. In other stress states, such as infection, it has been shown that hypermetabolism, hypercatabolism, and preferential fat oxidation occur concomitantly. Patients with emphysema are unusual because, although they are hypermetabolic, they are not hypercatabolic and do not demonstrate preferential fat oxidation. PMID- 3144208 TI - Heterogeneity of leukotriene C4 production by eosinophils from asthmatic and from normal subjects. AB - We evaluated the formation of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) by peripheral blood eosinophils of different densities obtained from asthmatic and normal subjects. When stimulated with 1 microgram/ml of the calcium ionophore A23187 for 15 min at 37 degrees C, eosinophils with densities greater than 1.093 g/ml from asthmatic and normal subjects released 19.1 +/- 4.2 ng LTC4/10(6) eosinophils and 23.9 +/- 5.0 ng LTC4/10(6) eosinophils, respectively. In contrast, lower density eosinophils (densities 1.093 g/ml or less) isolated from the asthmatic subjects released significantly less LTC4 than did eosinophils of similar densities from normal subjects (41.6 +/- 3.0 versus 79.0 +/- 6.7 ng LTC4/10(6) eosinophils, p less than 0.05). Differences could not be demonstrated between the two subject groups in LTC4 metabolism, time course of extracellular release of LTC4, or dose response to A23187, nor were interactions between eosinophils and neutrophils with regard to LTC4 release evident. Thus, hypodense eosinophils elaborate greater quantities of LTC4 than do eosinophils of normal density whether obtained from normal or asthmatic subjects. However, the finding that peripheral blood eosinophils from asthmatic subjects have decreased capacity for the synthesis of LTC4 compared with cells of similar densities isolated from normal subjects demonstrates that the capacity of eosinophils to produce LTC4 is regulated by factors that are not necessarily reflected in the cell density. PMID- 3144209 TI - Eicosanoid production in isolated perfused lungs stimulated by calcium ionophore A23187. AB - The patterns of lung eicosanoid production were investigated in five different species by stimulating isolated lungs with calcium ionophore A23187 (10(-5) M). The species studied were the rat, ferret, hamster, guinea pig, and rabbit. The eicosanoids measured included the cyclooxygenase metabolites 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, TxB2, and PGE2 and the lipoxygenase metabolites LTC4, LTD4, and LTB4. Since these metabolites are either retained in the lungs or released into the perfusate, eicosanoids were measured in lung tissue and in the perfusate. In all animal species, calcium ionophore stimulated the production of all the eicosanoid metabolites measured, although in different relative proportions and quantities. The sulfidopeptide LTC4 was predominantly retained in the lung tissue while other eicosanoids were distributed more evenly between tissue and perfusate, with tissue levels generally being higher. The ferret lung produced large quantities of eicosanoids, more than 90% being lipoxygenase products. In contrast, the guinea pig lung produced predominantly cyclooxygenase products, especially TxB2. The rat, hamster, and rabbit lungs showed a more even distribution of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products. Species differences in the ability to produce lipid mediators in the lung may be important in determining the vasoconstrictive, bronchoconstrictive, or inflammatory response to physiologic stimuli. PMID- 3144210 TI - Minimal inhibitory concentrations of isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and streptomycin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated before treatment of patients in Taiwan. AB - Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RMP), ethambutol (EMB), and streptomycin (SM) for susceptible "wild" M. tuberculosis strains isolated from Taiwanese patients were within the limits previously reported for strains isolated in the United States. The highest agar-determined MICs (in 7H10 and 7H11 agar) corresponded well with the critical concentrations established for these media. The highest MICs found radiometrically in 7H12 broth were significantly lower than the critical concentrations proposed for this medium. On the basis of an evaluation of the highest broth-determined MICs found in this and in the previous study (1), we suggest that the following MICs, when determined radiometrically, should be used as breakpoints to classify the strain as "susceptible": for INH, 0.1 microgram/ml or less; for RMP, 0.5 microgram/ml or less; for EMB, 4.0 micrograms/ml or less; for SM, 2.0 micrograms/ml or less. PMID- 3144211 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolism in cultured alveolar macrophages from normal, atopic, and asthmatic subjects. AB - In order to test the hypothesis that alveolar macrophages (AM) from asthmatics might manifest abnormalities in the amounts, spectrum, or glucocorticoid regulation of eicosanoid synthesis, we compared arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism under resting and ionophore A23187-stimulated conditions in cultured AM obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from 10 asthmatic, nine atopic, and 10 nonatopic normal subjects. [14C]AA-prelabeled AM constitutively released free [14C]AA and release increased significantly with A23187 incubation. Under resting conditions, unlabeled cells produced small amounts of immunoreactive thromboxane B2 (TxB2), prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4). With A23187 stimulation there were significant increases in the synthesis of all immunoreactive metabolites, which were produced in the following relative amounts: LTB4 much greater than TxB2 greater than PGD2 greater than leukotriene C4 greater than PGE2. High performance liquid chromatographic separation of radiolabeled eicosanoids produced by prelabeled cells confirmed the radioimmunoassay results and further indicated the production of relatively large amounts of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid. Pretreatment (16 h) with 1 microM methylprednisolone inhibited A23187-induced synthesis of immunoreactive cyclooxygenase products to a greater extent than immunoreactive leukotrienes. We identified no significant differences among the three study groups in the quantities or profiles of eicosanoids synthesized either constitutively or with A23187 stimulation, nor in their regulation by methylprednisolone. PMID- 3144212 TI - The effect of cromolyn sodium and albuterol on early and late phase bronchoconstriction and airway leukocyte infiltration after allergen challenge of nonanesthetized guinea pigs. AB - We describe the effects of the antiallergic drug cromolyn sodium and the beta 2 selective adrenoceptor agonist albuterol against early and late phase changes in specific airways conductance (sGaw) and leukocyte infiltration into the airways after allergen challenge of nonanesthetized guinea pigs. Inhalation of ovalbumin by sensitized guinea pigs induced three phases of airways obstruction: an early asthmatic response (EAR) peaking at 2 h, a late response (LAR) peaking at 17 h, and a further late response (LLAR) being observed at 72 h. The LAR was accompanied by a 13-fold rise in neutrophils and a four-fold rise in eosinophils recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at 17 h. By 72 h, the BAL content of neutrophils had returned to near normal, whereas eosinophil numbers had risen to 6.7-fold above baseline. Inhalation of an aerosolized solution of cromolyn, 10 mg/ml, 15 min before challenge inhibited both the EAR and LAR and the influx of neutrophils into the airways at 17 h but had no effect on eosinophil accumulation. Inhalation of cromolyn at 6 h, i.e., after the completion of the EAR, inhibited the LAR, the LLAR, and the rise in eosinophils at 72 h but did not reduce the influx of neutrophils at 17 h. Administration of cromolyn at both 15 min before and 6 h after challenge inhibited all changes in sGaw and reduced the accumulation of neutrophils at 17 h and the influx of eosinophils at 72 h. In contrast, inhalation of albuterol, 0.1 mg/ml, 15 min before allergen provocation blocked the EAR and the rise in BAL neutrophils at 17 h but did not inhibit the LAR. Inhalation of albuterol at 6 h partially reversed the LAR but had no effect on either the LLAR or cellular changes. Given at both times, albuterol inhibited the EAR and neutrophil accumulation at 17 h and partially reversed the LAR but produced no other effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144213 TI - Measures of the inflammatory response in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. AB - Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) is characterized by interstitial fibrosis and parenchymal inflammation. Eleven patients with CFA (10 proved by lung biopsy) were followed over 2 yr using clinical symptoms, radiographic change, and pulmonary function tests to adjust their treatment. Lung lavage, positron camera (PET) measurements of regional extravascular lung density (Dev), pulmonary blood volume (Vb), and the metabolic rate for 18F-deoxyglucose (MRglc), clearance of 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentacetate (99mTc-DTPA) aerosol, and lung uptake of 67Ga were measured initially and at the end of the first year to give a profile of the inflammatory response. Compared with normal subjects, there was an increased percentage of neutrophils and eosinophils in the lung lavage, increased Dev (p less than 0.002) with no significant difference in Vb, increased MRglc (p less than 0.02), 99mTc-DTPA clearance (p less than 0.002), and 67Ga uptake (p less than 0.02). The smallest increases in Dev were seen in the two patients with most destruction shown by lung biopsy. There were inverse correlations between Dev and both FVC and TLC, but a direct correlation between Vb and transfer factor. 99mTc DTPA clearance changed concordantly with clinical status and radiographic and respiratory function changes during the first year. If glucose utilization (MRglc) remained in the normal range between the initial and first yearly assessment, the patient improved or remained stable during the second year as shown by clinical status and radiographic and respiratory function measurements. If it rose or remained high, the patient's condition deteriorated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144214 TI - Clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in different rat lung models. AB - Chronic pulmonary infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa remain a serious problem in patients with cystic fibrosis. Structurally altered lung mucosa and local inflammation may impair bacterial clearance from the airways. This hypothesis was investigated in (1) the reserpinized rat, (2) proteinase-pretreated rat lungs, and (3) Type III hypersensitivity rat lung models. Reserpine treatment led to surface alterations of Type I epithelial lung cells and diminished food uptake. Significantly enhanced P. aeruginosa colony-forming units (CFU) were found in all (12 of 12) rat lungs 48 h after challenge compared to partially starved rats (p less than 0.025) or untreated rats (p less than 10(-6)). Pretreatment of normal rat lungs with elastase from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN-elastase) resulted in extensive tissue damage, and 48 h after bacterial challenge the mean P. aeruginosa CFU of 12 animals was significantly higher 1.1 X 10(4) +/- 1.0 X 10(4) CFU; p less than 0.01) than in the reserpinized rat lungs. P. aeruginosa organisms were also found in PMN-elastase-treated rat lungs not challenged with bacteria (five of 12 animals), suggesting cross infection from infected animals in the same cage. In immunized rats that were challenged with aerosolized antigen (bovine serum albumin) and P. aeruginosa, bacterial CFU after 10 h were significantly higher than in nonimmune animals (p less than 0.005), and highest after 48 h when P. aeruginosa alkaline proteinase was used as the antigen (1.2 X 10(5) +/- 1.4 X 10(5) CFU). These data provide new evidence that clearance of P. aeruginosa from lung tissue is impaired after malnutrition, epithelial cell alteration, or epithelial cell damage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144215 TI - Research initiatives in the immunology of tuberculosis. American Thoracic Society Committee on Priorities for Tuberculosis Research. PMID- 3144216 TI - Severe acute respiratory failure managed with continuous positive airway pressure and partial extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal by an artificial membrane lung. A controlled, randomized animal study. AB - Using an animal model of acute respiratory failure (ARF), we evaluated two treatments: conventional mechanical pulmonary ventilation (MV) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with extracorporeal removal of CO2 by an artificial membrane lung. We developed a model of "mild" ARF and a model of "severe" ARF after ventilating healthy sheep at a peak inspiratory pressure of 50 cm H2O for various lengths of time. Sheep from either injury models were randomly assigned to one of the above treatment groups. All 16 sheep from the model with "severe" ARF died, with progressive deterioration in pulmonary function and multiorgan failure irrespective of the treatment. Of 11 sheep from the model with "mild" ARF treated by MV, only three survived, whereas all 11 sheep from the model with "mild" ARF treated with CPAP and extracorporeal removal of CO2 responded well, and nine sheep ultimately recovered. We conclude that CPAP with extracorporeal removal of CO2 provided a better environment for the recovery in our model with "mild" ARF than the conventional arrangement centered on MV alone. Our studies also suggest that lung injury can progress (i.e., model with "severe" ARF) to where neither of the two treatments can succeed. PMID- 3144217 TI - Role of CO2 responsiveness and breathing efficiency in determining exercise capacity of patients with chronic airway obstruction. AB - We examined the role of CO2 responsiveness and breathing efficiency in limiting exercise capacity in 15 patients with chronic airway obstruction (FEV1 = 0.88 +/- 0.25 L, mean +/- SD). Responses of minute ventilation and P0.1 (mouth pressure 0.1 s after the onset of occluded inspiration) to hypercapnia (delta VE/delta PCO2, delta P0.1/delta PCO2) were measured by rebreathing, and the ratio of the two (delta VE/delta P0.1) was defined as an index of breathing efficiency during hyperventilation. Exercise capacity was measured as symptom-limited, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max/BW) in an incremental treadmill test and also as the 12-min walking distance (TMD). All patients discontinued the treadmill test because of dyspnea, and the exercise capacity correlated with the degree of airway obstruction, although there was a wide variability among patients with comparable FEV1. There were no significant correlations between the responses to CO2 and exercise capacity. However, there was a significant correlation between delta VE/delta P0.1 and VO2max/BW (r = 0.87, p less than 0.001) or TMD (r = 0.78, p less than 0.001), and these correlations remained significant even when the relational effects of FEV1 were taken out. These results support the hypothesis that airway obstruction and breathing efficiency are important, but that CO2 responsiveness is not a major factor in determining the exercise capacity of patients with chronic airway obstruction. PMID- 3144218 TI - Effect of posture, hydralazine, and nifedipine on hemodynamics, ventilation, and gas exchange in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - A transient relationship between change in cardiac output (CO) and ventilation and a steady-state relationship between VCO2 and ventilation has been documented. We sought to evaluate the steady-state relationship between CO, and minute ventilation (VE) after positional change and after vasodilator administration in 24 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and mild pulmonary hypertension. Cardiac output was 25% higher (p = 0.003) and VE was 25% lower (p = 0.0001) in the supine position. The change in VE showed a strong correlation with the change in VCO2 (r = 0.693; p = 0.0004), but not with the change in CO. Twelve patients received hydralazine 200 mg orally over 24 h, and 12 patients received nifedipine as a single 10-mg oral dose. Cardiac output increased from 5.05 +/- 1.25 L/min to 6.91 +/- 2.07 L/min (p = 0.008) after hydralazine and increased from 4.34 +/- 1.47 L/min to 5.85 +/- 2.15 L/min (p = 0.001) after nifedipine. Minute ventilation increased from 14.8 +/- 3.0 L/min to 17.3 +/- 4.4 L/min (p = 0.008) after hydralazine, but did not change after nifedipine. The change in VE showed a strong correlation with the change in VCO2 after hydralazine (r = 0.889; p = 0.0004) and after nifedipine (r = 0.756; p = 0.005), but did not correlate with the change in CO. These data demonstrate that the change in VE that accompanies positional change or vasodilator administration in patients with COPD is strongly correlated with the change in VCO2 but not with the change in CO when measured under steady-state conditions. PMID- 3144219 TI - Pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients with elevated PCO2. AB - Exercise programs are a mainstay of pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD. COPD patients with elevated PCO2 are severely impaired and might benefit from rehabilitation more than other patients. However, there is no systematic data to indicate that hypercapnic COPD patients benefit from intensive rehabilitation. Indeed, in patients with hypercapnia, increased exercise might overtax respiratory muscles, which are weak relative to those of eucapnic patients. To investigate this issue, we reviewed all COPD patients admitted to our pulmonary inpatient program from 1983 to 1986 (n = 317). The program includes multiple daily sessions of upper and lower extremity exercise to tolerance. We assessed admission and discharge pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gases (room air), and functional status. Ambulation distance on a 6-min walk test was used as an objective measure of functional status. Patients were grouped according to the results of their admission room air PCO2. We found that eucapnic patients (n = 197) significantly increased ambulation (admission to discharge) from 409 to 816 feet (p less than 0.001). Hypercapnic patients improved as well. Patients with moderate hypercapnia (PCO2, 45 to 54 mm Hg; n = 86) increased their ambulation from 330 to 663 feet (p less than 0.0001). Patients with severe hypercapnia (PCO2 greater than 54 mm Hg; n = 34) increased their ambulation from 336 to 597 feet (p less than 0.0001). We found a small but significant improvement in discharge pulmonary function and arterial blood gas results. We conclude that COPD patients with hypercapnia, despite severe ventilatory impairment and weak respiratory muscles, tolerate exercise well and benefit significantly from intensive inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation. PMID- 3144220 TI - The effects of chronic airflow limitation, increased dead space, and the pattern of ventilation on gas exchange during maximal exercise in advanced cystic fibrosis. AB - Although exertional hypercapnea has been observed in patients with advanced cystic fibrosis (CF), the causes have not been fully elucidated. In 14 patients aged 15 to 35 yr of age with advanced CF, the effects of chronic airflow limitation (CAL), increased physiologic dead space (VD), and the timing components of ventilation (VE) on gas exchange during maximal exercise were assessed. The patients were divided into those who retained CO2 during exercise, the CO2R group, and those who did not, the CO2NR group. CO2 retention was defined as a rise in end-tidal CO2 tension of 5 mm Hg or more or to a value greater than 50 mm Hg during a progressive exercise test on a cycle ergometer. CO2 retention occurred in half the subjects, usually by the halfway mark of the test, and did not rise progressively as exercise continued. It was associated with a low VE caused by a low tidal volume (VT) that was the result of a short inspiratory time to total respiratory time ratio (0.33 +/- 0.03 versus 0.38 +/- 0.04, p less than 0.02), whereas there was no difference in mean inspiratory flow or respiratory rate. Although the CO2R group had the worst CAL, with a FEV1 of 28 +/- 7 versus 41 +/- 12% predicted (p less than 0.5) and a FVC of 42 +/- 12 versus 61 +/- 9% predicted (p less than 0.01), the VT at maximal work expressed as a percentage of FVC was lower (45 +/- 13 versus 60 +/- 11, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144221 TI - The results of 9-month isoniazid-rifampin therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis under program conditions in San Francisco. AB - The outcome of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis using isoniazid and rifampin for 9 months supplemented by ethambutol for the initial 2 months was evaluated in a cohort of 233 patients. All patients had sputum cultures positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensitive to isoniazid and rifampin. Of the 233 patients, 200 completed the regimen without change. Four patients had adverse reactions necessitating discontinuation and four became pregnant and had ethambutol substituted for rifampin. All eight were treated successfully with altered regimens. Ten patients were lost to follow-up, seven died, and eight were transferred to other jurisdictions. No patients failed to convert their sputum during therapy. At completion of therapy, three patients (1.5%) were found to have positive sputum. Follow-up 6 months after completion of treatment in 174 successfully treated patients revealed four (2.3%) with positive sputum. No further relapses were detected on evaluation 12 months after treatment was completed. All seven patients who failed therapy or relapsed were retreated successfully using the same regimen. These data provide a reference standard against which newer treatment regimens, such as the 6-month regimen currently in use, can be compared. In addition, the value of routine evaluations in detecting relapses at the time treatment is completed and 6 months later was substantiated, but 12-month follow-up was not useful. PMID- 3144222 TI - Respiratory monitoring in the intensive care unit. AB - Continuous monitoring of important respiratory indices has the potential for predicting catastrophes and providing an opportunity for the timely institution of lifesaving measures. Arterial oxygenation can be monitored noninvasively using oximetry or transcutaneous oxygen electrodes, while mixed venous oxygenation can be recorded continuously with modified pulmonary artery catheters. A satisfactory method of monitoring carbon dioxide tension does not exist. Measurements of respiratory drive can be obtained at the bedside, but their clinical usefulness remains unknown. Assessment of respiratory muscle strength is helpful in determining the need for mechanical ventilation, but a practical method of diagnosing respiratory muscle fatigue remains elusive. Measurement of thoracic compliance and detailed examination of the breathing pattern, i.e., tidal volume, respiratory frequency, and the pattern of rib cage-abdominal motion, are helpful in assessing abnormal pulmonary mechanics. The detailed information provided by respiratory monitoring can complement but not replace careful bedside examination. PMID- 3144223 TI - [Anti-idiotype suppression of autoimmunity by therapeutic intravenous immunoglobulins]. PMID- 3144224 TI - [Pharyngo-esophageal diverticula. Treatment and results]. AB - 27 patients were seen in the ENT department of Hopital Laennec for pharyngo oesophageal diverticulum between 1970 and 1987. 25 patients were operated: diverticulectomy in 14 cases, diverticulopexy in 10 cases. Cricopharyngeal myotomy was performed in every case. In one case, myotomy was the only treatment. The postoperative course and the functional results were analysed in the 3 groups. The operative indications are discussed. The functional results were excellent regardless of the technique used (95.8% in the present series). PMID- 3144225 TI - Respiratory activity of the cricothyroid muscle. AB - Single motor units of the cricothyroid muscle (CT), the contralateral CT electromyogram, and the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) electromyogram were recorded in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs. In quiet breathing the CT was active predominantly in inspiration, and distinct phasic expiratory activity was observed at lighter levels of anesthesia. Both the CT and PCA increased their inspiratory and expiratory activity with hypercapnia, whereas only their inspiratory activity increased in response to negative pressure and/or absence of volume feedback. Cold blockade of either the recurrent laryngeal nerves or the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerves did not modify CT or PCA activity. In general, activity of CT motor units reflected the behavior of the whole muscle, but different units were recruited at different levels of CT activity. Even though the majority exhibited similar thresholds for inspiration and expiration, some units showed a lower threshold for either one, suggesting some degree of specialization. However, for a few units with high threshold for inspiration the expiratory threshold could not be determined, since a comparable level of CT activity was not achieved in expiration. PMID- 3144226 TI - Electromagnetic implantable middle ear hearing device of the ossicular stimulating type: principles, designs, and experiments. AB - This report analyzes the principles, describes designs, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different types of implantable middle ear hearing devices. Preliminary acute experiments using an electromagnetic transducer for an implantable hearing device of the ossicular-stimulating type were performed in cats. A miniature samarium cobalt rare earth magnet was cemented on the head of the stapes. An electromagnetic coil powered either by direct wiring or by telemetry was used to stimulate the stapes. The performance of the system was evaluated by electrophysiologic assessment of hearing (brain stem evoked response potentials). The findings showed that the device is functional with good "implant gain" (35 dB average) and consumes reasonably low current (0.6 mA) with telemetry. Further investigation is necessary in order to develop an implantable middle ear hearing device with successful clinical application. PMID- 3144227 TI - Etiology and pathophysiology of Bell's palsy. PMID- 3144228 TI - Human leukocyte antigens in Bell's palsy. AB - Ninety-three patients with Bell's palsy including 12 members of two families with familial Bell's palsy were typed for human leukocyte antigens (HLAs). Significant association between HLAs and Bell's palsy was found. The association of certain HLAs with the palsy may predict the specific clinical course and prognosis. PMID- 3144229 TI - Topodiagnosis of lesions in Bell's palsy. AB - Combined measurements of reflexive lacrimation, stapedial reflex, and electrically induced taste give an indication of the site and extent of intratemporal lesions of the facial nerve. Using refined test batteries, we established the presence of intratemporal lesions in Bell's palsy in 80 patients with facial paralysis. In the acute stage of Bell's palsy, suprastapedial lesions predominated and the occurrence of a suprageniculate lesion was not rare. In the subacute stage, the lesions proximal to the stapedial nerve tended to subside and infrastapedial lesions increased. In 60% of 53 patients with denervation verified by electrodiagnostic examinations, the suprastapedial lesion was responsible for degeneration of the nerve. In the other 40%, degeneration involved the infrastapedial segment. PMID- 3144230 TI - Facial nerve biopsy for etiologic clarification of Bell's palsy. AB - Electron microscopic findings of biopsy specimens of the intratemporal facial nerve from four selected patients with Bell's palsy are described, and the results of clinical examinations and surgical findings are presented. In all specimens, wallerian degeneration of various degrees was demonstrated. In one specimen, extravascular erythrocytes, and in another, lymphatic infiltrations were noted. On the basis of the present investigation and reported temporal bone histopathologic evidence, the causes of Bell's palsy are concluded to be multiple and to be vascular, inflammatory, or degenerative. PMID- 3144231 TI - Incidence of Bell's palsy. AB - The annual incidence of Bell's palsy in three consecutive years--1984, 1985, and 1986--was investigated in Ehime Prefecture in Japan, which has a population of 1,530,000. The number of new patients with Bell's palsy was solicited from 1,377 medical institutions and their referral hospitals. The clinical records of the 15 main hospitals were examined personally by the author to confirm the exact numbers. Special care was taken to ensure minimal error in the present epidemiologic investigation. The annual incidence of Bell's palsy per 100,000 population was found to be 30, and no annual variation was noted. The ratio of male to female patients was 48:52 in all cases. There was no geographic difference in incidence. PMID- 3144232 TI - Association of diabetes mellitus and hypertension with Bell's palsy and Ramsay Hunt syndrome. AB - This study included 625 patients with Bell's palsy and 124 patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Seven percent of the cases of Bell's palsy and 1.6% of the cases of Ramsay Hunt syndrome were associated with diabetes mellitus, while 14.1% of the cases of Bell's palsy and 10.4% of the cases of Ramsay Hunt syndrome were associated with hypertension. In the patients over 40 years of age, rates of association with diabetes and hypertension were 11.2% and 23.0% in Bell's palsy and 1.3% and 10.4% in Ramsay Hunt syndrome, respectively. The rates of diabetes and hypertension in association with Bell's palsy were significantly high compared with those of the general population. PMID- 3144233 TI - Familial Bell's palsy: analysis of 25 families. AB - Of 625 patients with Bell's palsy, 26 from 25 families (4.0%) had a positive family history of Bell's palsy. Genealogic analysis of the families indicated the mode of inheritance of familial Bell's palsy possibly to be autosomal dominant inheritance with low penetration. The prognosis of familial Bell's palsy was generally favorable. Age, sex, recurrence, and inherited factors are discussed. PMID- 3144234 TI - [Vasculitis with hypocomplementemia, paraproteinemia and plane xanthoma]. PMID- 3144235 TI - [Sebaceous trichofolliculoma with ossification of the stroma]. PMID- 3144236 TI - [Primary meningococcal peritonitis]. PMID- 3144237 TI - [Echography in urinary bilharziosis. Apropos of 304 studies in Niger]. PMID- 3144238 TI - Microbial ecology of the skin. AB - Humans exist in an environment replete with microorganisms, yet only a few of these microorganisms become residents on the skin surface. These resident flora and the skin constitute a complex ecosystem in which organisms adapt to changes in the microenvironment and to coactions among microorganisms. The skin possesses an assortment of protective mechanisms to limit colonization, and the survival of organisms on the surface lies in part in the ability of the organisms to resist these mechanisms. Microbial colonization on the skin adds to the skin's defense against potentially pathogenic organisms. Although microbes normally live in synergy with their hosts, at times colonization can lead to clinical infection. Common infections consist of superficial infections of the stratum corneum or appendages, which can respond dramatically to therapy but commonly relapse. In rare circumstances these infections can be severe, particularly in immunocompromised patients or hospitalized patients with indwelling foreign devices. PMID- 3144239 TI - Assembly of animal viruses at cellular membranes. PMID- 3144240 TI - An in vitro study of ophthalmic antiviral agent toxicity on rabbit corneal epithelium. AB - Using an in vitro system we measured the corneal epithelial cytotoxicity and the antiviral activity of the antiviral agents idoxuridine (IDU), trifluridine (TFT), ethyldeoxyuridine (EDU), and (E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU). Confluent rabbit corneal epithelial cell cultures were established, and the antiviral agents were added for 5, 30, or 60 min at a range of concentrations including that used clinically (IDU 0.1%, TFT 1.0%, BVDU 0.1%, EDU 2.0%). Twelve hour [3H]thymidine incorporation then was measured and expressed as % inhibition of control cultures. In separate experiments confluent corneal epithelial cell monolayers were inoculated with 10(4) plaque forming units (PFU) of HSV type 1 (McKrae strain) for 1 h, and IDU 0.1%, TFT 1.0%, and BVDU 0.1% were added to the culture for determination of PFU inhibition. Significant dose-, but not time dependent, toxicity was observed at the clinical concentrations of IDU, TFT, and EDU. Toxicity was absent for BVDU. TFT and IDU were the most toxic, and EDU was of intermediate toxicity. IDU, TFT, and BVDU showed significant antiviral activity in this corneal epithelial cell culture system (TFT greater than BVDU greater than IDU). The results of this in vitro study paralleled the findings of previous in vivo corneal epithelial toxicity studies of IDU, TFT, and BVDU. Our data, however, suggest that EDU has a potential for clinical toxicity and further studies are recommended. Our model may be useful in the future toxicologic study of new antiviral agents. PMID- 3144241 TI - Bacterial hemolysins as virulence factors. PMID- 3144242 TI - Effect of temperature cycling on the activity and productivity of immobilized beta-galactosidase in a thermally reversible hydrogel bead reactor. AB - The enzyme beta-galactosidase has been immobilized within thermally reversible hydrogel beads that exhibit LCST (lower critical solution temperature) behavior. The hydrogel beads containing the immobilized enzymes swell and expand below the LCST and deswell and shrink above the LCST. This behavior is reversible. The enzyme was physically entrapped in a crosslinked hydrogel of a copolymer of N isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and acrylamide (AAm), and formed as beads in an inverse suspension polymerization. The beads were placed in a packed bed column reactor which was operated in a continuous, single pass mode, either isothermally at 30 or 35 degrees C, or with temperature cycling between 30 and 35 degrees C. The thermal cycling significantly enhanced overall reactor enzyme activity relative to isothermal operation at either the higher or lower temperature. It is postulated that mass transfer rates within the hydrogel beads are greatly enhanced by the movement of water in and out of the beads during the expansion or collapse of the polymer chain network as temperature is cycled. PMID- 3144243 TI - Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by using bacteriocin PA-1 produced by Pediococcus acidilactici PAC 1.0. AB - The bacteriocin produced by Pediococcus acidilactici PAC 1.0, previously designated PA-1 bacteriocin, was found to be inhibitory and bactericidal for Listeria monocytogenes. A dried powder prepared from PAC 1.0 culture supernatant fortified with 10% milk powder was found to contain bacteriocin activity. An MIC against L. monocytogenes and lytic effects in broth cultures were determined. Inhibition by PA-1 powder occurred over the pH range 5.5 to 7.0 and at both 4 and 32 degrees C. In addition, inhibition of L. monocytogenes was demonstrated in several food systems including dressed cottage cheese, half-and-half cream, and cheese sauce. PMID- 3144244 TI - Survival of rifampin-resistant mutants of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida in soil systems. AB - The fate of spontaneous chromosomal rifampin-resistant (Rifr) mutants of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens in sterile and live organic soil from which they were isolated was studied. In sterile native-soil assays, a Rifr mutant of P. putida showed no decrease in competitive fitness when compared with the wild-type parent. However, mutants of P. fluorescens were of two general categories. Group 1 showed no difference from the wild type in terms of growth rate, competitive fitness, and membrane protein composition. Group 2 showed a slower growth rate in both minimal and enriched media and an altered membrane protein profile. These mutants also demonstrated decreased competitive fitness compared with the wild-type strain. In live soil, the Rifr P. putida strain persisted throughout the 38-day test period with a decay rate of 0.7 log10 CFU/g of soil per 10 days. A group 1 Rifr P. fluorescens mutant maintained its inoculated titer for 7 to 10 days and then decayed at a rate of 0.2 to 0.4 log10 CFU/g of soil per 10 days. A group 2 Rifr P. fluorescens mutant remained at its titer for 1 to 5 days before decaying at a two- to threefold-faster rate. These findings indicate that rifampin resistance may not be an innocuous mutation in some pseudomonads and that marked strains should be compared with wild-type parents before being used as monitors of parental strain survival. Colonization of sterile soil with either the wild-type or mutant strain precluded normal colonization of the second added strain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144245 TI - In situ survival of plasmid-bearing and plasmidless Pseudomonas aeruginosa in pristine tropical waters. AB - Two rare wild-type strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were mixed in membrane diffusion chambers and then introduced into a natural freshwater environment for 72 h. The plasmid-containing strain (R serotype 15) and the plasmidless strain (H serotype 5) had initial bacterial densities of 2 x 10(5) cells per ml. Samples collected from the chambers were analyzed for viable and direct counts and for acquired-resistance frequencies. Suspected transconjugant-to-donor ratios ranged from 0.5 to 1.3; transfer percentages ranged from 13 to 70%. [3H]thymidine uptake indicated DNA synthesis in both strains as well as in transconjugants. These studies indicate that rare wild-type bacterial strains with large plasmid loads can survive as well as can bacteria with low plasmid loads when exposed to the in situ conditions of a tropical freshwater habitat. These results also suggest that genetic modification of indigenous microbiota through conjugation or transformation is feasible when rare wild-type strains or genetically engineered microorganisms are released in large numbers in tropical aquatic ecosystems. PMID- 3144246 TI - Metabolism of volatile chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas fluorescens. AB - A Pseudomonas fluorescens strain designated PFL12 was isolated from soil and water that were contaminated with various chloroaliphatic hydrocarbons. The isolate was able to metabolize 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,2 dichloropropane, 2,2-dichloropropane, and trichloroethylene. PMID- 3144247 TI - Arterialisation of transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide. AB - We compared previously calculated global correction factors for oxygen and carbon dioxide arterial/transcutaneous ratios with individual in vivo calibrations from the first arterial sample. In infants beyond the neonatal period and older children in vivo calibration confers little benefit over the use of a global calibration correction factor for transcutaneous carbon dioxide, and may reduce the precision with which arterial oxygen can be estimated from transcutaneous oxygen. PMID- 3144248 TI - [Electrophysiological study of pro-arrhythmogenic effects of erythromycin]. AB - Three cases of torsades de pointe induced by erythromycin have recently been reported. After observing a new case, the authors tried to demonstrate the possible mechanism of the arrhythmogenic action of this molecule. Twenty-two patients undergoing electrophysiological studies in the catheter laboratory to determine the cause of syncope were given an intravenous injection of 10 mg/Kg of erythromycin lactobionate. The drug was injected in 1 minute (bolus) in 11 patients (Group A). The other 11 patients (Group B) received the drug by slow intravenous infusion (20 minutes). Electrophysiological parameters were measured before and after erythromycin. A significant prolongation of the atrial refractory periods (+39 ms), ventricular refractory periods (+20 ms), QT (+20 ms) and QTC intervals (+42 ms) was observed in Group A. These electrophysiological effects could explain an arrhythmogenic action similar to that of antiarrhythmic drugs in Group I of Vaughan-Williams' classification. The slow intravenous infusion of erythromycin in Group B considerably reduced these undesirable secondary effects. This difference was directly related to serum concentrations of the molecule. PMID- 3144249 TI - [Anomalies of the T waves induced by flecainide]. AB - Flecainide is a class I antiarrhythmic agent which depresses depolarization and conduction velocities in myocardial and Purkinje's fibres, thereby extending their refractory period. As the drug belongs to the IC group, it may increase- moderately as a rule--the duration of QRS, but it does not alter the action potential duration and therefore does not increase the JT interval. In 3 patients treated with flecainide we observed a peculiar alteration in the shape of T waves, the peak of which was flattened and notched, forming a double hump. This abnormality, most clearly visible on precordial leads, remained isolated with no changes in other electrocardiographic parameters. It appeared independently of any circumstance likely to modify repolarization. It remained stable throughout treatment with flecainide and vanished when the drug was discontinued. It was regularly observed with the recommended therapeutic doses (200-300 mg/day) and was unaccompanied by signs of toxicity. To our knowledge, these T wave abnormalities have not yet been reported. Yet they deserve to be known and correctly interpreted, since they reflect impregnation of the myocardium by the antiarrhythmic agent which should not be withdrawn on this account. PMID- 3144250 TI - [Serum sickness after fibrinolysis using intravenous streptokinase in myocardial infarction]. AB - A case of serum sickness was observed 7 days after administration of intravenous streptokinase in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. The clinical presentation was the sudden development of fever, a papuloerythematous skin rash, myalgia and polyarthritis accompanied by a severe biological inflammatory syndrome without any signs of bacterial or viral infection. Spontaneous regression was observed within 72 hours. Although this complication of streptokinase fibrinolysis seems to be rare, clinicians should be aware of it and not confuse the allergic reaction with that of another drug, the withdrawal of which could be prejudicial for the patient. PMID- 3144251 TI - [The electrocardiogram and hypothermia. Apropos of a case]. AB - Hypothermia induces characteristic electrocardiographic changes (Osborn wave). They have been observed in the animal and in man, both in accidental hypothermia and in hypothermia induced during cardiac surgery. A case of accidental hypothermia, observed in an elderly woman found unconscious in her home, illustrates all of the electrocardiographic changes that have been described. This case report is accompanied by a brief review of the literature. The recognition of these clinical signs should enable the diagnosis of hypothermia to be made at an early stage and appropriate treatment instituted, as this is a condition which is generally associated with a high mortality rate. PMID- 3144252 TI - [Role of clinical manifestations, the exercise test and exertion angioscintigraphy in the diagnosis of coronary disease. A multivariate study]. AB - Data of clinical examination, exercise electrocardiography and stress radionuclide angiography in 102 patients referred for assessment of chest pain was included in a logistic regression to optimise the diagnosis of coronary artery disease with coronary angiography as the reference investigation. None of the patients had other cardiac problems nor previous myocardial infarction. In the absence of symptoms exercise testing was continued until at least 80 p. 100 of the theoretical maximal heart rate was attained. Each patient was characterised by the value of the logistic function or probability of coronary artery disease. A threshold value corresponding to 80 p. 100 sensitivity was determined by the technique of ROC graphs. The significant variables were: a clinical variable--the type of chest pain as assessed by the clinical history; two radionuclide angiographic variables--the ejection fraction at peak effort and the corrected variation of ejection fraction between rest and stress, that is not taking into account possible decreases at the last increment of exercise. Coronary patients can be identified with an 80 p. 100 sensitivity and 77 p. 100 specificity on these criteria. This specificity is greater than that obtained by clinical examination and exercise electrocardiography alone (65 p. 100). Stress radionuclide angiography may therefore reduce the number of unnecessary coronary angiographies. PMID- 3144253 TI - [Significance of exercise-induced arrhythmias]. AB - Four personal cases of exercise-induced conduction defects occurring during stress testing are reported. The significance of these changes is discussed in the light of the authors' observations and of the cases published in the literature. The development of atrioventricular block is usually related to pre existing disease of the conduction system, whilst left anterior or posterior hemiblock is usually due to transient ischaemia related to significant stenosis of the coronary artery responsible for the vascularisation of the relevant bundle branch (usually a proximal stenosis of the left anterior descending artery). Complete left bundle branch block may be due to a number of conditions (including chronic ischaemic heart disease). PMID- 3144254 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty of pulmonary stenoses. Apropos of 35 cases]. AB - Thirty-five patients with moderate or severe valvular pulmonary stenosis underwent percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty (PTV). The average age of the patients was 12 years (range 4 to 34 years). Sixty per cent were under the age of 10, 20 p. 100 were between 10 and 17 years old and 20 p. 100 between 18 and 34 years old. Systolic right ventricular pressures were greater than the pressures in the systemic circulation in 22 cases. The right ventricular-pulmonary artery pressure gradient was greater than 50 mmHg in 29 patients and less than or equal to 50 mmHg in the other 6 patients. The diameter of the balloon of the dilation catheter varied from 12 to 20 mm in 31 PTV; in the other 4 cases two dilating catheters were used simultaneously to dilate the pulmonary valves. The tolerance of PTV was generally good and the results were satisfactory: right ventricular pressures (RVP) fell from 140 +/- 45 to 77 +/- 25 mmHg (p less than 0.001); the RV-PA pressure gradient fell from 82 +/- 40 to 32.4 +/- 15 mmHg (p less than 0.001) and the ratio of RVP to systemic pressure from 1.2 +/- 0.4 to 0.65 +/- 0.2 (p less than 0.01). Clinical and haemodynamic reevaluation in 19 patients 4 to 16 months after PTV (mean 8.5 +/- 2 months) showed that RVP, RV-PA pressure gradients and RVP/systemic pressure ratios had significantly decreased respectively from 78 +/- 30 to 52 +/- 14 mmHg (p less than 0.001), from 27.7 +/- 7.7 to 21.8 +/- 7.3 mmHg (p less than 0.02) and from 0.6 +/- 0.2 to 0.4 +/- 0.1 (p less than 0.001). Pulmonary valvuloplasty is well tolerated, safe and may reduce the number of patients requiring surgical valvotomy. PMID- 3144255 TI - [Evaluation by Doppler ultrasound of the severity of aortic stenoses. Application of the continuity equation]. AB - In order to assess the validity of the continuity equation applied to doppler ultrasound in the evaluation of stenotic aortic valve areas, the authors have compared the results obtained in 24 patients examined by catheterization and doppler-echocardiography. In addition, 10 patients who underwent aortic dilatation also had both types of examination, which brings up to 34 the number of comparisons. In haemodynamics, the Gorlin formula was taken as reference for valve area measurement. The doppler-echocardiographic examination, performed 48 hours before, and sometimes after catheterization, recorded sub- and trans stenotic pressures and outflow tract diameter for application of the continuity equation. Aortic valve areas calculated from doppler data on mean velocities correlated well with areas calculated from haemodynamic data (r = 0.88, p less than 0.001, e = 14 mm2, n = 34). Correlation was even closer when maximum velocities were used (r = 0.96, p less than 0.001, e = 8 mm2, n = 34). When only tight aortic stenoses with a less than 0.75 cm2 area were considered, the correlation remained very good (r = 0.87, p less than 0.001, e = 6 mm2, n = 34). This study therefore demonstrates the reliability of the continuity equation and of the simplified method using maximum sub- and trans-stenotic pressures without having recourse to planimetry. The accuracy of the method is dependent upon 3 parameters: 1. A maximum velocity jet must be obtained, which in turn depends on the investigator's experience and on the sensitivity of the equipment. 2. The velocity recorded by pulsed doppler ultrasound must be "representative" of flow in the outflow tract.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144256 TI - [Predictive factors of the therapeutic result in the prevention of auricular fibrillation. Role of electrophysiological studies]. AB - A population of 50 patients suffering from paroxysmal attacks of atrial fibrillation was studied prospectively to evaluate the prognostic value of 20 variables: 6 clinical variables: sex, age, cardiopathy, number of arrhythmic attacks, "vagal" triggering, failure of class IA antiarrhythmic agents; 3 echocardiographic variables: left ventricular diastolic diameter and percentage of fibre shortening, left atrial diameter; 6 basic electrophysiological data: threshold, refractory periods at 110 and 150/min, modalities of induction of a sustained arrhythmia; 4 results observed with an infusion of flecainide in doses of 2 mg/kg: arrest or persistence of the arrhythmia, whether or not it could be reinduced and value of refractory periods; doses of flecainide administered orally. With a mean +/- SD follow-up period of 7.7 +/- 7.3 months, preventive treatment with flecainide 233 +/- 7 mg failed in 16 patients (32 per cent) and succeeded in 34 patients (68 per cent). Analysis of Kaplan-Meier curves and use of Cox's multidimensional model showed that two electrophysiological data were of prognostic value: atrial effective refractory period, and non-inducibility of the arrhythmia after intravenous administration of flecainide. Thus, the probability of failure increases with the refractory period value and decreases with the non inducibility of the arrhythmia. PMID- 3144257 TI - [Aortic media necrosis in Marfan's disease in young adults. Apropos of 5 surgically treated cases, with 3 survivals]. AB - Five cases of Marfan's syndrome with cardiovascular lesions are presented. Among these five patients, two with type I aortic dissection, one with true aneurysm of the ascending aorta and one with aortic regurgitation underwent composite grafting of the ascending aorta according to the Bentall technique. The fifth patient died preoperatively, due to extensive dissection of the transverse aorta. Marfan's syndrome is transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner. Fifty percent of the patients die at a mean age of 32 years, and 95 p. 100 of the deaths are caused by cardiovascular lesions. These lesions predominantly affect the left cardiac valves (aortic or mitral regurgitation) and the ascending aorta. Except in emergencies, replacement of the ascending aorta by a composite graft must be envisaged in subjects with Marfan's syndrome presenting with aortic regurgitation and dilatation of the aortic root. PMID- 3144258 TI - [Measurement of arterial pressure by an automatic method. Comparison of various devices for automatic measurement]. AB - A comparative study of three Dinamap 845 instruments was carried out in order to find out whether the use of several automated blood pressure recorders constitutes a major source of variations in epidemiological studies. The three instruments were compared by means of a variant analysis model and proved to have virtually the same accuracy. Only one of them gave a slightly different diastolic pressure reading. No matter how useful are instruments for automated blood pressure measurement, comparisons between several recorders of the same type and regular testing for accuracy seem to be necessary in epidemiological studies. PMID- 3144260 TI - [Iconographic rubric. Diverticulum of the urachus]. PMID- 3144259 TI - N2-succinylornithine in ornithine catabolism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Most Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO mutants which were unable to utilize L-arginine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source (aru mutants) under aerobic conditions were also affected in L-ornithine utilization. These aru mutants were impaired in one or several enzymes involved in the conversion of N2-succinylornithine to glutamate and succinate, indicating that the latter steps of the arginine succinyltransferase pathway can be used for ornithine catabolism. Addition of aminooxyacetate, an inhibitor of the N2-succinylornithine 5-aminotransferase, to resting cells of P. aeruginosa in ornithine medium led to the accumulation of N2 succinylornithine. In crude extracts of P. aeruginosa an ornithine succinyltransferase (L-ornithine:succinyl-CoA N2-succinyltransferase) activity could be detected. An aru mutant having reduced arginine succinyltransferase activity also had correspondingly low levels of ornithine succinyltransferase. Thus, in P. aeruginosa, these two activities might be due to the same enzyme, which initiates aerobic arginine and ornithine catabolism. PMID- 3144261 TI - Efficacy of two mycobacterial antigen preparations in the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PMID- 3144262 TI - [The determination of the rate of protein synthesis of the whole body of growing broilers]. AB - The purpose of the investigations was to prove a method, developed for monogastric mammalians, based on a 3-compartment-model and assuming a proportional growth of the pools of total N, whether it is applicable to growing poultry. The tracer, 15N-L-lysine, was given quasi-continuously for four days. In this time and in the following period of five days without tracer intake, the 15N excretion in the urine was measured. The average of the live weight of the broiler cockerels was 1724 g. The animals were obliged to be colostomized to sample the urine. Using the fluxes of lysine, the calculation of the whole body protein synthesis rate yields 64.1 g/d. The protein degradation rate yields 54.4 g/d. The adequate values of the fractional rates of protein synthesis and degradation for the whole body (without feathers) were 23.3% respectively 19.8%. By this it is clearly shown, that the applied method gives real dates of the parameters of the N-metabolism for growing broilers, which are in the range of values for muscle proteins and proteins of the whole body of growing poultry, published by other authors. PMID- 3144263 TI - Coat protein of potyviruses. 4. Comparison of biological properties, serological relationships, and coat protein amino acid sequences of four strains of potato virus Y. AB - Four strains of potato virus Y, PVY-D, PVY-10, PVY-18, and PVY-43, obtained from different Australian sources were compared on the basis of their biological, serological and coat protein structural properties. Each of the strains could be distinguished on the basis of their reactions on selected test plant species. Two of the PVY strains, PVY-D and PVY-10, induced symptoms similar to those produced by the PVYO strain group. The reactions of PVY-18 and PVY-43, although comparable to PVYN in some hosts, did not completely match the description of the PVYN strain group. In contrast to the other three strains, PVY-18 could not be transmitted by Myzus persicae in repeated tests. No difference was observed in the serological properties of the four PVY strains in different assay systems, using polyclonal antisera. The amino acid sequences of the coat proteins of PVY 10, PVY-18, and PVY-43 were obtained and compared with the coat protein sequences of pepper mottle virus (PeMV) [Dougherty WG, Allison RF, Parks TD, Johnston RE, Feild MJ, Armstrong FB (1985) Virology 146: 282-292] and PVY-D [Shukla DD, Inglis AS, McKern NM, Gough KH (1986) Virology 152: 118-125]. The homology between the PVY strains ranged from 96.3 to 99.3% and with the PeMV sequence, 91.4 to 92.9%. Based on this high sequence homology, and the previous observation that coat protein sequences of potyvirus strains are always greater than 90% identical, PeMV could be considered a strain of PVY. However, PVY and PeMV are reported to be only distantly serologically related and on this basis PeMV is currently considered to be an independent member of the Potyvirus group. PMID- 3144264 TI - Serine 71 of the glycoprotein HEF is located at the active site of the acetylesterase of influenza C virus. AB - The acetylesterase of influenza C virus has been reported recently to be inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) [Muchmore EA, Varki A (1987) Science 236: 1293-1295]. As this inhibitor is known to bind covalently to the serine in the active site of serine esterases, we attempted to determine the serine in the active site of the influenza C acetylesterase. Incubation of purified influenza C virus with 3H-DFP resulted in the selective labelling of the influenza C glycoprotein HEF. The labelled glycoprotein was isolated from a SDS polyacrylamide gel. Following reduction and carboxymethylation, tryptic peptides of HEF were prepared and analyzed by reversed phase HPLC. The peptide containing the 3H-DFP was subjected to sequence analysis. The amino acids determined from the NH2-terminus were used to locate the peptide on the HEF polypeptide. Radiosequencing revealed that 3H-DFP is attached to amino acid 17 of the tryptic peptide. These results indicate that serine 71 is the active-site serine of the acetylesterase of influenza C virus. PMID- 3144265 TI - Chagasic megaesophagus and megacolon. Historical review and present concepts. PMID- 3144266 TI - Association of lower motor neuron disorders with fasciculation, neuromyotonia and myoclonus. AB - Fasciculations may be generated at any point on a hyperexcitable lower motor neuron. Physiological ('benign') fasciculations often begin suddenly and persist for years without development of muscular wasting or weakness. Fasciculations may be a sign of degeneration of lower motor neurons in which case they may be associated with muscle cramps and neuromyotonia. Both sensory and motor axons are overactive in neuromyotonia, the symptoms of which are relieved by administration of anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine. Spinal muscular atrophy is a feature in some cases of progressive myoclonic epilepsy of the systems degeneration type that may be overlooked because muscular wasting is overshadowed by the dramatic appearance of action myoclonus. PMID- 3144267 TI - Characterization of C1q-binding material released from the membranes of Raji and U937 cells by limited proteolysis with trypsin. AB - C1q-binding material was released, by limited proteolysis with trypsin, from the membranes of intact cells of the Raji lymphoblastoid cell line and the U937 monocytic cell line. The trypsin-digested C1q-binding material was purified from the supernatant of the trypsin-treated cells by affinity chromatography on C1q Sepharose followed by gel filtration. On gel filtration in non-dissociating conditions this material behaved as a molecule of approx. Mr 65,000, while on SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis two peptides of Mr 10,000 and Mr 15,000 were seen under both reducing and non-reducing conditions. Evidence for the synthesis of the C1q-binding material by both Raji and U937 cells was obtained by biosynthetic-labelling studies using [35S]cysteine and [35S]methionine. PMID- 3144268 TI - The AdhS alleloenzyme of alcohol dehydrogenase from Drosophila melanogaster. Variation of kinetic parameters with pH. AB - The variation with pH of the kinetic parameters for the alcohol and acetaldehyde reactions were studied for the alleloenzyme AdhS from Drosophila melanogaster. The variation of Ki (KEO,I) with pH for two ethanol-competitive inhibitors, pyrazole and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, was also studied. Both alcohol oxidation and acetaldehyde reduction follow a compulsory ordered pathway, with coenzyme binding first. The rate-limiting step for ethanol oxidation is complex and involves at least hydride transfer and dissociation of the enzyme-NADH complex (ER). In contrast with this, the rate-limiting step for the back reaction, i.e. the reduction of acetaldehyde, is dissociation of the enzyme-NAD+ complex (EO). A rate-limiting ER dissociation appears in the oxidation of the secondary alcohol propan-2-ol, whereas for the back reaction, i.e. acetone reduction, hydride transfer in the ternary complexes is rate-limiting. There is one group in the free enzyme, with a pK of approx. 8.0, that regulates the kon velocity for NADH, whereas for NAD+ several groups seem to be involved. A group in the enzyme is drastically perturbed by the formation of the binary EO complex. Protonation of this group with a pK of 7.6 in the EO complex resulted in weakened alcohol and inhibitor binding, in addition to an increased dissociation rate of NAD+ from the binary EO complex. Neither the binding of acetaldehyde nor the dissociation rate of NADH from the binary ER complex varied within the pH region studied. PMID- 3144269 TI - Electrostatic interactions between cytochrome P-450 LM2 and NADPH-cytochrome P 450 reductase. AB - At pH 8.2 and a 100-fold molar excess of the amino group specific label 2-methoxy 5-nitrotropone (MNT) over protein 2 mol MNT/mol P-450 LM2 were bound, which caused a 50% decrease in the overall activity due to a decreased electron transfer rate from reductase to the hemoprotein. However, different from FITC modification, which produces the same effects, the label is not selectively bound to the alpha-amino group and to lysine 384, but reacts with lysines in positions 49, 100, 139, 144, 251, 384 and 433. The decrease in the overall activity and reduction rate thereby correlates with a relative increase in the modification of lysines 139, 144, 251 and 384. Thus, besides lysine 384 the epsilon-amino groups of lysines 139, 144 and 251 are further candidates for participation in the interaction with reductase. This finding supports our model of charge-pair contacts between P-450 and reductase, where amino groups of P-450 LM2 form salt bridges to carboxylic groups of reductase. The decrease of reductase supported P 450 reduction velocity in microsomes at high salt concentration (I greater than 222 mM) indicates the dominant electrostatic character of P-450/reductase interaction. Based on these results and data from the literature a model of membrane topography of P-450 LM2 has been proposed. Extension of the charge pair interaction model to interaction mechanisms of other P-450 isoenzymes and forms with their respective electron donors is discussed. PMID- 3144270 TI - The biological dynamics of lipoxygenase in rabbit red cells in the course of an experimental bleeding anaemia. Unexpected effects of the calcium ionophore A 23187. AB - The lipoxygenase activity of red cell lysates with linoleic acid as substrate, the concentration of immunologically detectable lipoxygenase protein as well as the metabolization of external [1-14C]arachidonic or -linoleic acid by intact cells were determined during bleeding anaemia and the recovery period of rabbits. All three criteria behaved in a parallel manner. Before bleeding no lipoxygenase was detectable. After the third day of strong bleeding high amounts and activities of lipoxygenase appeared in parallel to the appearance of megaloreticulocytes. As few as about a million of cells were sufficient to detect the utilization of [1-14C]polyenoic fatty acids via the lipoxygenase pathway in intact cells in the absence of ionophore A 23187. After discontinuation of strong bleeding the amount and activity of the lipoxygenase declined gradually but persisted for 2-3 months corresponding to the presumed life-span of red cells. Several types of evidence indicate the identity of the lipoxygenase of red cells during the recovery period with that of reticulocytes during strong bleeding: (1) comparable specific activity, (2) Western blot analysis, (3) identical cellular products from [1-14C]-linoleic and -arachidonic acid which were identified by means of HPLC analysis to be 13 S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13 S-HODE) and 15 S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15 S-HETE), respectively. Use of large amounts of cells during the recovery period (5.10(9) cells) led to an apparent masking of the polyenoic fatty acid added. Haemolysis of the cells or addition of calcium and ionophore A 23187 abolished or reduced this masking. Both masking and influence of haemolysis or ionophore disappeared at sufficiently low concentrations of cells. Under these conditions the rate of the formation of lipoxygenase products in intact cells corresponded to the lipoxygenase activity measured in membrane-free cell lysates. In red cells during the recovery period but not during strong bleeding, calcium and ionophore A 23187 stimulated the secondary conversion of 15 S-HETE to more polar products after arachidonic acid had been exhausted. The implications of the results on the performance and the interpretation of the effects of the calcium ionophore A 23187 on cellular arachidonic acid metabolism are discussed. PMID- 3144271 TI - Three types of amyloid protein precursor mRNA in human brain: their differential expression in Alzheimer's disease. AB - Three types of amyloid protein precursor (APP) mRNA, produced by alternative splicing, were detected by Northern blotting in human brains, both control and Alzheimer's disease. These mRNAs encode APP695 consisting of 695 amino acids, APP751 harboring a 56 amino acid insert homologous to a Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor inside APP695, and APP770 containing an additional 19 amino acid insert. Another possible APP mRNA which encodes "APP714" containing a 19 amino acid insert was not found in brain samples tested. Quantitative analysis revealed that, although the relative expression levels of the three mRNAs were variable among individuals, there was no remarkable change in expression of APP695 and APP751 mRNAs in Alzheimer's disease compared with control, but that APP770 mRNA level was elevated significantly in Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3144272 TI - Effect of phorbolmyristate acetate on fatty acid uptake and distribution in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells in vitro. AB - Human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells can be induced to differentiate to macrophages in vitro by phorbolmyristate acetate (PMA). HL-60 cells, unlike normal cells incorporated a major portion of linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in the ether lipid fraction. On exposure to PMA, similar to the normal cells tested, the fatty acids were incorporated mainly in the phospholipid fraction. Since, ether lipid pool is metabolically inert and considered as a storage pool where as the phospholipid fraction is a metabolically active pool this may explain, at least in part, the low metabolic rate of AA and the low phospholipase A2 activity in HL-60 cells. PMID- 3144273 TI - Identification of the full-length coding sequence for human galactosyltransferase (beta-N-acetylglucosaminide: beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase). AB - A lambda gt11 human placenta cDNA library was screened using a cDNA probe encoding the COOH-terminal region of human beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase and with a synthetic oligonucleotide having a sequence corresponding to that of the 5' end of the cDNA probe. The newly isolated cDNA was found to code for the NH2 terminal and the 5'-untranslated region, primed at an (A)8 region in the coding sequence. A complete amino acid sequence has been deduced which shows only one membrane anchoring domain near the NH2-terminus. Comparison of the sequence to the soluble enzyme suggests proteolytic cleavage at Arg 77. Presently obtained information of human beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase makes it possible to study DNA mutations responsible for genetic defects such as the altered expression of galactosyltransferase found in a variant of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (HEMPAS). PMID- 3144274 TI - Identification of a platelet Mr 22,000 GTP-binding protein as the novel smg-21 gene product having the same putative effector domain as the ras gene products. AB - We have recently purified a Mr 22,000 GTP-binding protein (G protein) to near homogeneity from human platelet membranes and characterized it (Ohmori, T., Kikuchi, A., Yamamoto, K., Kim, S. and Takai, Y. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. in press). This platelet G protein was present most abundantly among several G proteins in platelets and showed a Mr of about 22,000 as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This platelet G protein showed kinetic and physical properties very similar to those of the novel smg-21 gene product, having the same putative effector domain as the ras gene products, which we have recently purified to near homogeneity from bovine brain membranes and characterized (Kawata, M., Matsui, Y., Kondo, J., Hishida, T., Teranishi, Y. and Takai, Y. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. in press). Moreover, the peptide map of the platelet G protein was identical with that of the smg-21 gene product and the partial amino acid sequence of the platelet G protein was identical with that of the smg-21 gene product. These results indicate that this human platelet G protein is the smg-21 gene product. PMID- 3144275 TI - Morphine activation of c-fos expression in rat brain. AB - The post-receptor mechanism of opiate action has been studied by examining the activation by morphine of the proto-oncogene c-fos and its encoded nucleoprotein pp55c-fos (FOS) in rat caudate-putamen, which is rich in the mu-type opiate receptor. Following an acute morphine treatment, c-fos mRNA levels in rat caudate putamen were increased to maximum (420% of control level) at 45 minutes and returned to control levels at 90 minutes. This induction was completely abolished by naloxone, a morphine antagonist. Fos protein, detected by immunocytochemistry, was also increased 3 hours after morphine injection, in the caudate-putamen, but not in the olfactory tubercle, which does not have the mu-type opiate receptor. Upon activation of opiate receptors by morphine, the c-fos gene is activated and Fos protein may act as a signal transducer uniquely involved in the mechanism of opiate addiction at the level of gene regulation. PMID- 3144276 TI - Azathioprine's inhibitory effect on prostaglandin E2 production is not via cyclooxygenase inhibition. AB - Azathioprine, a widely used antimetabolite, is also known for its anti inflammatory action in rheumatic disorders and in uveitis, an inflammation of the eye, both of which are associated with increased production of prostaglandin E2. Recently we demonstrated that prostaglandin E2 production by rabbit retina/choroid was inhibited by azathioprine and suggested that this inhibitory effect may underlie the drug's antiinflammatory action. In the present study we showed that azathioprine's inhibition of prostaglandin E2 synthesis by the rat retina/choroid was reversed by addition of arachidonic acid, indicating that inhibition occurred through lack of availability of arachidonic acid, similar to the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of the steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on prostaglandin E2. This study rules out the possibility that azathioprine's suppressive activity is via inhibition of the cyclooxygenase pathway. PMID- 3144277 TI - Specific cleavage of diphtheria toxin by human urokinase. AB - Diphtheria toxin must undergo a specific cleavage reaction and subsequent reduction to express the enzymatic ADP-ribosyltransferase activity that is responsible for its toxicity. In an effort to identify potential cellular enzymes that might be involved in this process we have found that a human urinary plasminogen activator, urokinase, is capable of specifically cleaving diphtheria toxin to yield an enzymatically active A fragment (more homogeneous than that produced by trypsin cleavage) and a B fragment (with an identical amino-terminal sequence to that produced by trypsin cleavage). The results raise the possibility that urokinase or urokinase-like enzymes play a role in diphtheria toxin-mediated intoxication. PMID- 3144278 TI - In vitro activation of neuraminidase in the beta-galactosidase-neuraminidase protective protein complex by cathepsin C. AB - Neuraminidase can be activated by incubation of crude glycoprotein fractions at acidic pH for 90 minutes at physiological temperature. This activation is inhibited by leupeptin. Incubation of the purified neuraminidase-beta galactosidase-protective protein complex under the same conditions used for crude glycoprotein fractions did not lead to enhanced neuraminidase activity, but incubation in the presence of exogenous Cathepsin C at 4 degrees C resulted in marked enhancement of neuraminidase activity. This activation was again inhibited by leupeptin. Cathepsin D treatment resulted in destruction of neuraminidase under the same conditions and this effect was again inhibited by leupeptin. beta galactosidase in crude glycoprotein fractions and in the complex was resistant to both Cathepsin C and D, while homogeneous beta-galactosidase was inactivated by these enzymes. We suggest that in vitro activation of neuraminidase may mimic the in vivo intralysosomal conversion of the neuraminidase precursor into the mature form of the enzyme. PMID- 3144279 TI - The structure of the amino terminal transforming segment of the p21 protein, Tyr4 Thr20 (with Asp12), by two-dimensional NMR. AB - The structure of a peptide from the transforming region (residues 4-20) of the p21 protein has been determined using two-dimensional NMR. In the normal protein, this segment contains a Gly residue at the critical 12 position; any substitution, other than Pro, at this position results in a transforming protein. Previously performed energy calculations indicated that this peptide segment is a structured one. In this study we find that the Asp12 containing peptide has a surprisingly well-defined structure in solution which has more similarity to the GDP-binding loop region in EF-tu than to that in p21. PMID- 3144280 TI - Demonstration of a 1-3 disulfide bond in a synthetic nonapeptide derived from the signal sequence and N-terminus of human gamma-interferon. AB - The nonapeptide Cys-Tyr-Cys-Gln-Asp-Pro-Tyr-Val-Lys was prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis under oxidizing conditions. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric analysis of the untreated molecule produced an ion consistent with a structure involving an intramolecular disulfide bond between Cys(1) and Cys(3). Mass spectra of the peptide after treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol gave signals corresponding to the reduced disulfide form of the peptide and to a mixed disulfide of the peptide with 2-mercaptoethanol. Molecular mechanics calculations of the conformation of the 11-membered ring formed by disulfide bond closure predicted a discrete, low-energy structure resembling the locus of a gamma turn. We hypothesize that this structure may be important in the recognition and cleavage of the signal sequence of the parent molecule. PMID- 3144281 TI - Inactivation of soybean lipoxygenase by lipoxygenase inhibitors in the presence of 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid. AB - Soybean lipoxygenase is rapidly inactivated when incubated with arachidonic acid and any of several lipoxygenase inhibitors, including NDGA, the aminopyrazolines BW 755C and BW 540C, and the acetohydroxamic acid derivatives BW A4C and BW A137C. Little or no inactivation was found when the enzyme was incubated with substrate or with inhibitors alone. 15-HPETE was as effective as arachidonic acid in promoting inactivation, but linoleic acid and 13-HPOD were much less effective. The UV absorption at 235 nm, due to the conjugated diene in 15-HPETE or 13-HPOD, was rapidly destroyed in the presence of soybean lipoxygenase and inhibitor in a presumed pseudoperoxidase reaction. The products of the reaction between linoleic acid, BW A137C and soybean lipoxygenase have been partially characterized. A derivative of arachidonic acid is postulated to be the inactivating agent. PMID- 3144282 TI - The effect of chronic low level lead exposure on blood-brain barrier function in the developing rat. AB - Blood-brain barrier (BBB) function was assessed in 19-21-day-old rats exposed to low level lead from birth. Newborn rats received lead via milk from lactating dams given drinking water containing 0.1% lead acetate [Pb(Ac)2]. The treatment regime produced lead levels in the neonates within the range 20-80 micrograms dl 1 blood, without affecting growth. Cerebrovascular permeability (PS-product) to the diffusion-limited solute mannitol was unchanged in six regions of the cerebral hemisphere, the cerebellum and the brainstem, suggesting that barrier integrity was not affected by the low dose lead treatment. Regional cerebrovascular permeability to nutrient tracers representing seven BBB transport classes was not impaired by lead treatment. However, the PS estimates for the amino acids lysine and histidine and for thiamine were greater than control in some regions of the cerebral hemisphere. These alterations in nutrient supply to the brain may reflect altered substrate utilization associated with repair processes or delayed maturation of the CNS. PMID- 3144283 TI - Differential sensitivity of alpha o and alpha i to ADP-ribosylation by pertussis toxin in the intact cultured embryonic chick ventricular myocyte. Relationship to the role of G proteins in the coupling of muscarinic cholinergic receptors to inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. AB - The guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins, alpha i and alpha o, coexist in a variety of tissues, including heart, brain, and adipose tissues and are ADP ribosylated by pertussis toxin (Gilman AG, G-proteins and dual control of adenylate cyclase. Cell 26: 577-579, 1984). Previous studies in which purified G proteins were reconstituted with cell membranes and/or phospholipid vesicles have suggested that an alpha i-like protein mediates GTP-dependent inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. However, direct studies comparing the role of alpha i and alpha o in mediating the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity in the intact cell have not appeared. In the present study, we demonstrated that, in the intact cell, alpha o was more sensitive to ADP-ribosylation in the presence of pertussis toxin than was alpha i. The T1/2 for pertussis toxin-mediated ADP ribosylation of alpha i was 199 +/- 10 min (mean +/- SE, N = 10) compared to 157 +/- 7 min for alpha o. The IC50 for pertussis toxin-induced ADP-ribosylation of alpha i was 158 +/- 40 pg/ml (mean +/- SE, N = 11) compared to 35 +/- 8 pg/ml for alpha o. The differences in both T1/2 and IC50 for alpha i and alpha o were statistically significant (P less than 0.001). Studies were carried out to determine whether alpha o was involved in coupling the muscarinic cholinergic receptor to inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity in intact cells. The time course and dose dependence of the pertussis toxin-induced uncoupling of the muscarinic receptor from inhibition of adenylate cyclase closely paralleled the time course and dose dependence for the ADP-ribosylation of alpha i but differed significantly (P less than 0.001) from the time course and dose dependence for the ADP-ribosylation of alpha i but differed significantly (P less than 0.001) from the time course and dose dependence of the pertussis toxin mediated ADP ribosylation of alpha o. The T1/2 and IC50 values for the pertussis toxin-induced decrease in the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity were 210 +/- 6 min (mean +/- SE, N = 11) and 169 +/- 25 pg/ml (mean +/- SE, N = 12), respectively, which were not significantly different from the T1/2 and IC50 for pertussis toxin mediated ADP-ribosylation of alpha i. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that, in the intact cell, a pertussis toxin-sensitive alpha i-like protein, but not alpha o, couples muscarinic receptors to inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. PMID- 3144284 TI - Inhibition of the formation of 4-hydroxyandrostenedione glucuronide by valproate. PMID- 3144285 TI - Enhanced DNA repair and resistance to cisplatin in human ovarian cancer. PMID- 3144286 TI - The nitroreductase enzyme in Walker cells that activates 5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4 dinitrobenzamide (CB 1954) to 5-(aziridin-1-yl)-4-hydroxylamino-2-nitrobenzamide is a form of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) (EC 1.6.99.2). AB - A nitroreductase enzyme has been isolated from Walker 256 rat carcinoma cells which can convert 5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide (CB 1954) to a cytotoxic DNA interstrand crosslinking agent by reduction of its 4-nitro group to the corresponding hydroxylamino species (Roberts JJ et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 140: 1073-1078, 1986; Knox RJ et al., Biochem Pharmacol 37: 4661-4669, 1988). The enzyme has now been identified as a form of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) (DT diaphorase, menadione reductase (NMOR), phylloquinone reductase, quinone reductase, EC 1.6.99.2) by comparison of partial protein sequences, coenzymes, substrate and inhibitor specificities, and spectroscopic data. 2 Phenyl-5(4)-aminoimidazole-4(5)-carboxamide and 5(4)-aminoimidazole-4(5) carboxamide were shown to be inhibitors of the isolated Walker cell enzyme. This observation could explain the reported antagonistic action of the aminoimidazole carboxamides to the antitumour effects of CB 1954. PMID- 3144287 TI - Effect of mitomycin C on prostacyclin synthesis by human endothelial cells. AB - The effect of mitomycin C (MMC) on the biosynthesis of prostacyclin was tested in culture of human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells. A 30% inhibition of the thrombin-stimulated prostacyclin synthesis by MMC was observed at concentrations of the same order as those found in MMC-treated patients (3 micrograms/ml as compared with the peak plasma concentration varying between 0.4 and 3.2 micrograms/ml (J. Den Hartigh et al., Cancer Res 40:5017-5021, 1983)). This inhibition was found for incubation times ranging from 15 to 30 min during which the cell viability was unaltered. Under these conditions it was found that the release of von Willebrand factor by the endothelial cell was unaffected. Since MMC toxicity in man is expressed by a chronic haemolytic and uraemic syndrome, the inhibitory capacity of MMC on prostacyclin synthesis favours the hypothesis that a deficiency in prostacyclin synthesis leads to the development of this syndrome in man. PMID- 3144288 TI - Studies on the citryl-CoA-dependent inhibition of citrate-synthase with source variants from baker's yeast, Escherichia coli and Sulfolobus solfataricus. AB - 1) Citrate synthase from pig heart has previously been shown to display complex kinetic characteristics in the reactions with citryl-CoA, resulting in inhibition. The synthase from another eukaryotic source, baker's yeast, yields the same complex kinetics. 2) Synthases from a Gram-negative prokaryote, E. coli, and from an archaebacterium, S. solfataricus, catalyse the reactions of citryl CoA in kinetics of the Michaelis-Menten type. A comparison of the rates of citryl CoA hydrolysis (V') and physiological reaction (V), determined with these enzymes, corresponds to ratios of V'/V approximately 1 and approximately 2, respectively. Thus, and for the first time, there is no reason left to doubt the intermediate formation of citryl-CoA in the physiological reaction. 3) The complex kinetics indicated under 1) are related to efficient formation of citrate from citryl-CoA-derived acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate in the presence of NADH and malate dehydrogenase. These conditions are not met by the enzymes from E. coli, S. solfataricus and by proteolytically nicked synthase species from pig heart. All these enzyme variants have low affinities to either one or both of the physiological substrates. Consistent with earlier ideas, the results indicate that the inhibition mechanism is related to high affinities of the enzyme for both acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. PMID- 3144289 TI - Purification, crystallisation and characterization of quinoprotein ethanol dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 17933 when grown on ethanol produces high levels of a quinoprotein ethanol dehydrogenase, which amounts to 7% of the soluble protein. The enzyme has been purified to homogeneity and it crystallizes readily in the presence of polyethylene glycol 1550 or 6000. The ethanol dehydrogenase (Km(ethanol) = 14 microM) resembles the dye-dependent quinoprotein methanol dehydrogenases of methylotrophic bacteria, but has a low affinity for methanol (Km (methanol) = 94mM). In addition the enzyme oxidizes secondary alcohols. With its catalytic properties the ethanol dehydrogenase is similar to the enzyme isolated from P. aeruginosa LMD 80.53 (Groen, B., Frank, J. Jzn. & Duine, J.A. (1984) Biochem. J. 223, 921-924). In contrast to this enzyme from P. aeruginosa LMD 80.53, which is a monomer, the ethanol dehydrogenase isolated from P. aeruginosa ATCC 17933 is a dimer of identical subunits of relative molecular mass 60,000. The N-terminal amino acid is lysine. Inactivation with cyclopropanone ethylhemiketal reveals one molecule of pyrroloquinoline quinone per subunit. As shown by active enzyme sedimentation, the dimer is the enzymatically active form. PMID- 3144290 TI - Identification of the second (buried) cysteine residue and of the C-terminal disulfide bridge of bovine spleen cathepsin B. AB - Quantitative differences were found when bovine spleen cathepsin B was subjected to SH-group titration in the presence and in the absence of denaturing agents, as well as when the pH of the titration buffer was increased. The intra- and interchain thiol-disulfide exchange reactions accompanying the denaturation of cathepsin B were investigated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS and by gel filtration experiments. An identical behavior in these experiments showed also cathepsin B whose active site Cys29 only had been carboxymethylated; these findings suggested the presence of one additional SH-group. After conditions preventing thiol-disulfide exchange reactions, had been developed, the second SH group (Cys240) was demonstrated independently in carboxymethylated cathepsin B by labeling with 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene-4'-iodoacetamide and by selective isolation of the SH-peptide containing Cys240 on thiopropyl-Sepharose. As the second important result, a disulfide bridge formed by Cys148 and Cys252 in the C terminal part of the chain was identified. PMID- 3144291 TI - Purification and characterization of two different precursor forms of the cathepsin B-like proteinase from human malignant ascitic fluid. AB - We have purified two different precursors of a cathepsin B-like proteinase (PCBT) from malignant ascitic fluid. The molecular mass of these proteins were 45-47 kDa and 36 kDa, respectively. This report is the first which shows cathepsin-B precursors as purified proteins. By using sheep immunoglobulins directed against denatured lysosomal cathepsin B, we have found that both precursors, together with the 33-kDa pepsin generated cathepsin B-like proteinase, reacted in immunoblotting: the three components are thus cathepsin B-related. These antibodies allow us the show that during pepsin activation the 45-47 kDa precursor is converted to the 33-kDa cathepsin B-like proteinase together with the 36-kDa PCBT. We have also prepared sheep immunoglobulins directed against the 36-kDa precursor. The generation of the cathepsin B-like proteinase by pepsin digestion of purified precursors followed a time and dose dependent process. This latter result argues for activation through peptide bond cleavages. PMID- 3144292 TI - Purification of the cystatin C-like inhibitors from urine of nephropathic rats. AB - Two cysteine proteinase inhibitors of the cystatin C type have been purified from urine of sodium chromate-treated rats. Both strongly inhibit papain as well as rat liver cathepsin L (Ki less than 10(-11) M) whereas rat liver cathepsins B and H are inhibited to a lesser extent. They differ by their apparent molecular mass of 17 kDa and 22 kDa and by their isoelectric point greater than or equal to 9.5 and 7.7 respectively. These two molecules share complete immunochemical identity and are precipitated by antibodies directed against human cystatin C but not by anti rat thiostatin and anti rat H-kininogen antibodies. They are also found in large amounts in seminal vesicles where they represent most of the cysteine proteinase inhibitory capacity. PMID- 3144293 TI - Cysteine proteinase inhibitors in human melanoma transplanted into nude mice. AB - Cysteine proteinase inhibitors in the human melanoma tissue transplanted into nude mice were found to increase in concentration during tumor growth. The activity (unit/g) at 8 weeks was about 3 times higher than the activity at 4 weeks after transplantation. The inhibitors were separated into two main forms (Mr about 76,000 and 10,000) with Sephacryl S-200 and/or Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography. The activities of the inhibitors of both molecular masses increased parallely during tumor growth. The high molecular mass inhibitor fractions reacted with antisera made against alpha-cysteine proteinase inhibitor (alpha-CPI, human kininogen) and against neutral low-molecular mass proteinase inhibitor (cystatin B). Free cystatin B appeared to be liberated in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis following electroimmunoblotting with an antiserum to cystatin B. Similarly, free cystatin B was detected in gel chromatography on Sephadex G-75 after alkali treatment at pH 11.5. It may thus represent a cystatin B--cysteine proteinase complex mixed with alpha-CPI. The low molecular mass inhibitor fractions reacted with antisera made against cystatin A and cystatin B. When the low-molecular mass inhibitor fraction was subjected to isoelectric focusing, it was separated into three peaks with pIs 8.0, 7.4, and 6.0. The inhibitors with pI 8.0 and 7.4 reacted with antisera made against cystatin B, while the inhibitor with pI 6.0 reacted with antisera made against cystatin B and cystatin A. PMID- 3144294 TI - Possible relationship between the restricted biological function of rat T kininogen (thiostatin) and its behaviour as an acute phase reactant. AB - Studies on biological properties of rat T kininogen have shown that the role of this peculiar kininogen so far specific to the rat probably differs significantly from that of other low molecular mass kininogens. In particular the kinin precursor function has been either lost or considerably reduced as a result of structural modifications during evolution. The calpain inhibiting function demonstrated for other low and high molecular mass kininogens has also probably disappeared from T kininogen, and since T genes do not allow the synthesis of high molecular mass kininogens [Kitagawa et al. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 2190 2198], the procoagulant function devoted to the light chain of high molecular mass kininogen has also been lost by T genes products. The only remaining function of rat T kininogen would be therefore that of a lysosomal cysteine proteinase inhibitor which is expressed either by the native molecule or by proteolytic products which appear to be more easily released than vasoactive peptides. Such a specialization for a given function could be related to the behaviour of T kininogen as an acute phase reactant, the dramatic changes in concentration of which could at the same time serve certain functions and be damageable for others. PMID- 3144295 TI - Cysteine proteinase inhibitors in inflamed human gingiva. AB - In the present work we demonstrate the presence of cysteine proteinase inhibitors of all three classes: kininogens, stefin A, and cystatin C, in inflamed human gingiva. Using cystatin C, in inflamed human gingiva. Using immunochemical methods we found that stefin A is the major inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, followed by kininogen and cystatin C. The values for stefin A and cystatin C ranged from 7.0--400 micrograms/g and 1.5--6.1 micrograms/g tissue, respectively, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in inflamed gingival homogenates from patients with different degrees of periodontal disease. PMID- 3144296 TI - The direct medical costs of osteoporosis for American women aged 45 and older, 1986. AB - Annual direct medical costs of osteoporosis incurred by American women aged 45 and older are estimated at $5.2 billion in 1986. Costs are stratified by type of care (inpatient hospital, nursing home and outpatient) and by age group (ages 45 to 59, 60 to 74 and 75 and older). Survey data from the National Center for Health Statistics are combined with census data to project utilization estimates from the survey years to 1986. A portion of all health care encounters for diagnoses secondary to osteoporosis are considered to be caused by osteoporosis according to age- and diagnosis-specific attribution weights. These weights are derived from the opinion of a panel of osteoporosis experts. For inpatient hospitalization, the assigned diagnosis related group (DRG) is used to further specify osteoporosis as the cause of hospitalization. The cost components of osteoporosis care for American women in 1986 are inpatient care, $2.8 billion; nursing home care, $2.1 billion; and outpatient care, $0.2 billion. Study results suggest considerable potential future cost-savings of osteoporosis prevention and abatement. PMID- 3144297 TI - A physical and microbiological evaluation of the re-use of non-sterile gloves. PMID- 3144298 TI - Intracardiac thrombosis, phospholipid antibodies, and two-chambered right ventricle. AB - A 34 year old woman with a history of five spontaneous abortions and a systemic lupus-like illness underwent cardiotomy for resection of a calcified right ventricular thrombus. At operation an anomalous right ventricular muscle bundle was discovered under the calcified thrombus. Clinical chemistry showed lupus anticoagulant activity and cardiolipin antibodies in the plasma. PMID- 3144299 TI - Comparative study of the bronchodilating effects of (-)- and (+)-oxyphenonium bromide. AB - 1. Racemic oxyphenonium bromide, its enantiomers and placebo were inhaled by eight adult patients with chronic airflow obstruction, in a four-way double-blind cross-over study. 2. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and slow inspiratory vital capacity (VC) were measured during the first 6 h after inhalation. 3. (+)-Oxyphenonium was found to be the active enantiomer (eutomer), providing better bronchodilation than (+/-)-oxyphenonium. 4. The distomer, (-) oxyphenonium, showed only a slight effect on FEV1 and VC as compared with placebo. PMID- 3144300 TI - Effects of diazepam and chlormethiazole on ventilatory control in normal subjects. AB - We have studied the effects of chlormethiazole and diazepam given orally on the ventilatory and mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) responses to CO2 in a placebo controlled study in 10 healthy volunteers. Diazepam 10 mg produced a significant reduction in both the ventilatory and P0.1 responses to CO2, and this was not associated with any effect on respiratory muscle power. Chlormethiazole 250 mg produced less drowsiness than diazepam 10 mg. Therefore in a subsequent study chlormethiazole 500 mg was compared with placebo. Chlormethiazole in either dose had no effect on CO2 responses or on maximum static respiratory pressures. We conclude that diazepam has a direct depressant effect on chemoreceptors and its effects on indices of ventilatory control are not due to impaired muscle function; chlormethiazole in the doses used has no such effects despite producing drowsiness. PMID- 3144301 TI - Inflammation: its significance in airways disease. Proceedings of a series of symposia. Edinburgh, London and Chester, October and November, 1986. PMID- 3144302 TI - What is reversible airflow obstruction? PMID- 3144303 TI - A change in strategy for the management of asthma. PMID- 3144304 TI - Mediators and inflammation in the airways. PMID- 3144305 TI - Inflammation in the airways. PMID- 3144306 TI - Difficulties in the classification of reversible obstructive airways disease. PMID- 3144308 TI - Definitions and types of airflow limitation. PMID- 3144307 TI - Asthma: current treatment in perspective. PMID- 3144309 TI - Roxithromycin: a new antibiotic. Posters presented at a symposium. Paris, 29-30th May 1987. PMID- 3144310 TI - Practical rheumatology: modern perspectives in NSAID therapy. Proceedings of a symposium. Athens, Greece, 3rd July 1987. PMID- 3144311 TI - Treating the elderly arthritic--the doctor's dilemma. PMID- 3144312 TI - NSAID therapy in British general practice. PMID- 3144313 TI - A long-term follow-up of hospital patients. PMID- 3144314 TI - NSAID therapy: past, present and future. PMID- 3144315 TI - Drug delivery systems to enhance therapeutic efficiency. PMID- 3144316 TI - Comparison of cost effectiveness of streptokinase and urokinase in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. AB - This study examines the comparative efficacy, safety, and cost associated with treatment of deep vein thrombosis with streptokinase or urokinase. Sixty patients were analyzed retrospectively, 30 treated with streptokinase and 30 treated with urokinase. Statistically significant greater fibrinogenolysis was noted when streptokinase was used to treat patients with deep venous thrombosis (p = 0.01). The mean decrease in fibrinogen from preinfusion value was 83% in the streptokinase treated group and 61% in the urokinase treated group. Five of 30 (17%) of the streptokinase treated patients experienced major complications. No major complications were seen in the urokinase treated group (p = 0.019). Cost analysis demonstrates that therapy with urokinase was $11.40 per patient more than streptokinase. If complications are not included in the cost analysis, then urokinase becomes only $650 per patient more expensive than streptokinase therapy. These data support that deep vein thrombosis treatment with urokinase is effective, safer and more cost efficient when compared to streptokinase. PMID- 3144317 TI - Epithelial cutaneous lesions induced in Dunkin-Hartley albino guinea-pigs by means of 7,12-dimethyl-benzanthracene. AB - We carried out a clinicopathological study of epithelial cutaneous lesions induced in Dunkin-Hartley albino guinea-pigs by means of the topical application of 7,12-dimethyl-benzanracene. By the end of the study we had observed 4451 lesions. Most frequently observed were epithelial hyperplasia and dysplasia (2544 lesions). Neoplasias consisted of 244 carcinomas in situ, and 88 squamous carcinomas. Basal-cell epitheliomas were few. Epidermal cysts were a frequent finding. PMID- 3144318 TI - Ectopic cutaneous schistosomiasis and schistosomal ocular inflammatory disease. AB - We describe a patient with unilateral ectopic cutaneous schistosomiasis as a feature of Schistosoma mansoni infection. In addition to skin lesions he also suffered from schistosomal ocular inflammatory disease. The infection appeared to have been acquired during a visit to Tanzania. Ectopic cutaneous lesions usually affect the perineal area or trunk, and our patient is unusual in the localization of his skin lesions to the forehead. PMID- 3144319 TI - [Properties of phospholipase A2 from inner and outer mitochondrial membranes]. AB - The catalytic properties of membrane-bound phospholipase A2 from inner and outer mitochondrial membranes were studied. Differences were found in the properties of phospholipase A2 during the hydrolysis of both endogenous and exogenous substrates, i.e. the dependence of the hydrolysis rate on pH, temperature, bivalent metal ion concentrations and EDTA. It was demonstrated that purification and adsorption immobilization of the inner mitochondrial membrane enzyme on biospecific adsorbent cause changes in the enzyme catalytic properties. The role of phospholipase A2 microenvironment in the manifestation of the enzyme activity and catalytic properties is discussed. PMID- 3144320 TI - [Neutral proteinase in peroxisomes from rat liver cells]. AB - A proteinase with a pH optimum of 7.6 and Mr of 43 kD has been isolated from rat liver peroxisomes. The peroxisomes were shown to possess an intrinsic mechanism responsible for the degradation of proteins, e.g., catalase. Some physico chemical properties and turnover parameters of neutral proteinase from peroxisomes (i.e., synthesis rate, lifetime, degradation of the newly synthesized enzyme) were studied. In terms of enzymatic and immunologic properties, the enzyme under study is similar to mitochondrial and cytosolic proteinases responsible for the initial inactivation of catalase in subcellular structures. PMID- 3144321 TI - Chondroitin sulfate inhibits calcification of bone formed in vitro. AB - Chondroitin sulfate is known to inhibit formation of hydroxyapatite in solution. It is not known whether chondroitin sulfate will prevent mineralization in a cellularly controlled environment. In order to evaluate this possibility, chondroitin sulfate was added to the medium of periosteal bone-forming cultures. These cultures normally form mineralized bone in the presence of 10 mM beta glycerophosphate. Chondroitin sulfate prevented calcium accumulation and thus mineralization in these cultures. However, chondroitin sulfate did not prevent phosphate accumulation in cultures, thus suggesting that calcium and phosphate accumulation in bone may be dependent on two different mechanisms. PMID- 3144322 TI - Calcium-dependent activation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol in the guinea pig distal convoluted tubule. AB - The effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in the distal convoluted tubule of a vitamin D depleted guinea pig was determined using quantitative cytochemistry. When kidney segments were incubated with 1,25(OH)2D3 (0, 0.15, 0.30, 1.5 or 3.0 nM) during the initial 5 h maintenance culture, G6PD activity at each steroid concentration decreased gradually to reach its stable basal level, which was higher in proportion to the increasing concentration of 1,25(OH)2D3. 1,25(OH)2D3-induced activity of this enzyme was completely abolished by cycloheximide (35 microM). In the presence of 1.5 nM 1,25(OH)2D3, at 0.15 mM calcium, increasing concentrations of EGTA from 0.1 to 2.0 mM caused a dose-dependent reduction in the enzyme activity and abolished it to the cycloheximide-treated level at 2 mM, whereas in the absence of 1,25(OH)2D3, the enzyme activity remained unchanged regardless of the concentration of calcium. These results indicate that G6PD is activated by 1,25(OH)2D3 via new protein synthesis, and that the extracellular calcium plays a crucial role in the regulation of this enzyme activity. PMID- 3144323 TI - Monitoring the acute phase response. PMID- 3144325 TI - Orthotic services: a need for change. PMID- 3144324 TI - I don't want you to see a psychiatrist. PMID- 3144326 TI - Genital herpes during pregnancy. PMID- 3144327 TI - Childhood tuberculosis in Britain. PMID- 3144328 TI - Social security benefits for the mentally ill. PMID- 3144329 TI - Treating hypertension in black compared with white non-insulin dependent diabetics: a double blind trial of verapamil and metoprolol. AB - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare responses of blood pressure to the calcium antagonist verapamil and the beta blocker metoprolol in black compared with white diabetics with hypertension and to monitor urinary albumin excretion in relation to fall in blood pressure. DESIGN: Double blind, placebo controlled, random order crossover trial with four week placebo run in period and two six week active phases separated by a two week placebo washout period. SETTING: Outpatient department of a general hospital in a multiethnic health department. Patients--Diabetic patients with hypertension. Four dropped out before randomisation; 25 black and 14 white patients completed the trial. INTERVENTIONS: Patients given slow release verapamil 120 mg or 240 mg twice daily with placebo or metoprolol 50 mg or 100 mg twice daily with placebo. Treatment for diabetes (diet alone or with oral hypoglycaemic drugs) remained unchanged. END POINT: Comparison of changes in blood pressure in the two groups taking both drugs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Metoprolol had little effect on blood pressure in black patients (mean fall 4.0 mm Hg systolic (95% confidence interval -2.5 to 10.4 mm Hg), 4.3 mm Hg diastolic (-0.8 to 9.5)) but more effect in white patients (mean falls 13.4 mm Hg (0.1 to 26.7) and 10.6 mm Hg (4.5 to 16.7) respectively). Verapamil was more effective in both groups, with mean falls of 8.8 mm Hg (2.4 to 15.0) and 8.1 mm Hg (5.0 to 11.2) in black patients and 19.1 mm Hg (5.4 to 32.9) and 11.4 mm Hg (0.9 to 22.0) in white patients. Heart fate fell significantly in black patients taking metoprolol, which suggested compliance with treatment. Metabolic variables were unaltered by either treatment. Plasma renin activity was low in both groups after metoprolol treatment, but change in blood pressure could not be predicted from baseline plasma renin activity. Urinary albumin:creatinine ratio was independently related to baseline blood pressure but not significantly changed by treatment. CONCLUSIONS: beta Blockers alone are not effective in treating hypertension in black diabetics. Verapamil is effective but less so than in white patients. As yet no ideal monotherapy exists for hypertension in black patients. PMID- 3144330 TI - Sustained compression and healing of chronic venous ulcers. AB - STUDY OBJECTIVE: Comparison of four layer bandage system with traditional adhesive plaster bandaging in terms of (a) compression achieved and (b) healing of venous ulcers. DESIGN: Part of larger randomised trial of five different dressings. SETTING: Outpatient venous ulcer clinic in university hospital. PATIENTS: (a) Pressure exerted by both bandage systems was measured in the same 20 patients. (b) Healing with the four layer bandage was assessed in 148 legs in 126 consecutive patients (mean age 71 (SE 2); range 30-96) with chronic venous ulcers that had resisted treatment with traditional bandaging for a mean of 27.2 (SE 8) months. INTERVENTIONS: (a) Four layer bandage system or traditional adhesive plaster bandaging for pressure studies; (b) four layer bandaging applied weekly for studies of healing. END POINTS: (a) Comparison of pressures achieved at the ankle for up to one week; (b) complete healing within 12 weeks. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: (a) Four layer bandage produced higher initial pressures at the ankle of 42.5 (SE 1) mm Hg compared with 29.8 (1.8) for the adhesive plaster (p less than 0.001; 95% confidence interval 18.5 to 6.9). Pressure was maintained for one week with the four layer bandage but fell to 10.4 (3.5) mm Hg at 24 hours with adhesive plaster bandaging. (b) After weekly bandaging with the four layer bandage 110 of 48 venous ulcers had healed completely within 12 (mean 6.3 (0.4)) weeks. CONCLUSION: Sustained compression of over 40 mm Hg achieved with a multilayer bandage results in rapid healing of chronic venous ulcers that have failed to heal in many months of compression at lower pressures with more conventional bandages. PMID- 3144331 TI - Referral patterns to an ophthalmic outpatient clinic by general practitioners and ophthalmic opticians and the role of these professionals in screening for ocular disease. AB - Case notes of 1113 consecutive new patients referred to a consultant ophthalmologist at a district general hospital were reviewed to determine the source and efficacy of referrals and the current screening practices of general practitioners and ophthalmic opticians. General practitioners initiated referral in 546 cases (49%) and ophthalmic opticians referral in 439 (39%). Visual loss or visual disturbance was the most important single reason for referral (345 cases; 31%), followed by suspected glaucoma (145 cases; 13%), abnormalities of binocular vision (140; 12.5%), disorders of eyelids or ocular adnexa (127; 11%), and red eye (86; 8%). General practitioners referred many more patients with disorders of the eyelids and adnexa and ophthalmic opticians many more patients with suspected glaucoma. Ophthalmic opticians were far more likely than general practitioners to refer patients with suspected glaucoma correctly. A total of 180 patients (16%) were referred from ocular screening, in 149 cases by ophthalmic opticians and in 10 by general practitioners. Seventy patients had glaucoma or incomplete features of glaucoma, all of them referred by ophthalmic opticians. Of eight diabetic patients referred by ophthalmic opticians, three had asymptomatic disease and in two diabetes was diagnosed as a result of ocular screening. No patient was referred for asymptomatic diabetic retinopathy from screening by general practitioners. Ophthalmic opticians were more likely than general practitioners to diagnose retinopathy requiring photocoagulation. Use of a community based service to screen for glaucoma could save unnecessary consultant outpatient appointments. A similar service could facilitate detection of diabetic retinopathy at a stage when treatment is most effective. PMID- 3144332 TI - Mastectomy or conservation: the patient's choice. AB - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether, if given the choice, patients with breast cancer would prefer mastectomy or conservation treatment, neither treatment having been shown to be preferable. DESIGN: Non-randomised case series with 28 patients interviewed after two years and all followed up. SETTING: Secondary care referral centre. PATIENTS: 153 women, aged less than 65, with T1, T2, N1, and N0 tumours of the breast given the choice of treatment (that is, all eligible patients from December 1979). INTERVENTIONS: Patients were asked, after information and counselling, which treatment they would prefer. The chosen treatment was given without further question. Mastectomy included node sampling and local radiotherapy if indicated. Conservation treatment comprised excision of the lump, external radiotherapy, and irridium wire implant to tumour bed. MAIN RESULTS: Conservation treatment was chosen by 54 women and mastectomy by 99. Reasons for preferring mastectomy included desire for rapid treatment for domestic or employment reasons and fear of possibility of future mastectomy. Only two of the sample interviewed regretted their choice. During limited follow up no advantages to either form of treatment were seen in terms of recurrence or survival. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with breast cancer are capable of choosing treatment and should play a part in deciding which treatment to have. They do not automatically choose to retain the breast. PMID- 3144333 TI - Relaxation and imagery in the treatment of breast cancer. AB - OBJECTIVE: To see whether stress could be alleviated in patients being treated for early breast cancer. DESIGN: Controlled randomised trial lasting six weeks. SETTING: Outpatient radiotherapy department in a teaching hospital. PATIENTS: One hundred fifty four women with breast cancer stage I or II after first session of six week course of radiotherapy, of whom 15 dropped out before end of study. INTERVENTION: Patients saw one of two researchers once a week for six weeks. Controls were encouraged to talk about themselves; relaxation group was taught concentration on individual muscle groups; relaxation and imagery group was also taught to imagine peaceful scene of own choice to enhance relaxation. Relaxation and relaxation plus imagery groups were given tape recording repeating instructions and told to practise at least 15 minutes a day. END POINT: Improvement of mood and of depression and anxiety on self rating scales. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Initial scores for profile of mood states and Leeds general scales for depression and anxiety were the same in all groups. At six weeks total mood disturbance score was significantly less in the intervention groups, women in the combined intervention group being more relaxed than those receiving relaxation training only; mood in the control group was worse. Women aged 55 and over benefited most. There was no difference in Leeds scores among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with early breast cancer benefit from relaxation training. PMID- 3144334 TI - Is routine urine testing in outpatient clinics useful? PMID- 3144335 TI - BCG immunisation of infants by percutaneous multiple puncture. PMID- 3144336 TI - Withdrawal of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis to treat mild peritonitis. PMID- 3144337 TI - Importance of scrotal ultrasonography in gynaecomastia. PMID- 3144338 TI - Intracerebral haemorrhage: incidence and use of computed tomography. PMID- 3144339 TI - Filter paper sampling of blood infected with HIV: effect of heat on antibody activity and viral infectivity. PMID- 3144340 TI - Self referral to accident and emergency department: patients' perceptions. AB - A study was conducted (a) to assess the number of patients registered with a south London general practice who over 11 weeks referred themselves to an accident and emergency department, (b) to identify the characteristics of those patients, and (c) to determine their perceptions of the services and resources available within their general practices and of the role of accident and emergency departments. Two hundred and thirty four patients referred themselves to a casualty department during the study period, of whom 217 (93%) were interviewed by means of a semistructured questionnaire. Of the 217 patients interviewed, only 15 had tried to contact their general practitioner before attending the casualty department. Eighty nine patients considered that their problem was urgent and required immediate attention and many that they would need an x ray examination. A substantial minority of patients thought that their doctor would not be available. It is concluded that patients' perceptions of their problems and of access to their doctors are the main determinants of self referral to a casualty department. These findings have important implications for patient education. PMID- 3144342 TI - Editorial freedom. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. PMID- 3144341 TI - Fifty six continence advisers, one peripatetic teacher. AB - The increasing demand for the services of a continence nurse led to a novel plan to combat such demand in Leicestershire. The district nursing service seconded a nurse to be trained as an adviser and then to return to the community to set up continence clinics in each health centre. The adviser selected nurses to run these clinics and taught them the skills required to do so. She also carried her own caseload. One hundred and one patients were seen in the clinics in the first year, of whom 30 were cured. In a further one third continence was greatly improved, and the remainder benefited from advice and consultation. The adviser has worked in only six health centres but has had a greater impact on dealing with incontinence than a series of lectures and seminars for district nurses over many years had had. PMID- 3144343 TI - Health economics: the end of clinical freedom? PMID- 3144344 TI - Distress and delay associated with urinary incontinence, frequency, and urgency in women. PMID- 3144345 TI - Communicating with cancer patients. PMID- 3144346 TI - Determining power in clinical trials. PMID- 3144347 TI - Does wearing two pairs of gloves protect against skin contamination? PMID- 3144348 TI - Lytic bone metastases after APD in breast carcinoma. PMID- 3144349 TI - Sunlamps and the risk of melanoma. PMID- 3144350 TI - Exercise induced rhinorrhoea. PMID- 3144351 TI - Postperinatal mortality in a health district with a garrison town. PMID- 3144352 TI - The frozen hip. PMID- 3144354 TI - A milestone for myocardial infarction. PMID- 3144353 TI - Ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 3144355 TI - Are GP referrals influenced by the availability of consultants? PMID- 3144356 TI - Fish oil and plasma fibrinogen. PMID- 3144357 TI - Occult AIDS. PMID- 3144358 TI - An inspector calls. PMID- 3144359 TI - Bulimia nervosa among Asian schoolgirls. PMID- 3144361 TI - Delayed speech in children. PMID- 3144360 TI - Microvascular surgery to preserve a preterm infant's ischaemic arm. PMID- 3144362 TI - Impact of changes in social security. PMID- 3144363 TI - Germ cell tumours in men. PMID- 3144364 TI - Dissecting the NHS bonanza. PMID- 3144365 TI - Anticoagulants in venous thromboembolism. PMID- 3144366 TI - The Bristol third stage trial: active versus physiological management of third stage of labour. AB - OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects on fetal and maternal morbidity of routine active management of third stage of labour and expectant (physiological) management, in particular to determine whether active management reduced incidence of postpartum haemorrhage. DESIGN: Randomised trial of active versus physiological management. Women entered trial on admission to labour ward with allocation revealed just before vaginal delivery. Five months into trial high rate of postpartum haemorrhage in physiological group (16.5% v 3.8%) prompted modification of protocol to exclude more women and allow those allocated to physiological group who needed some active management to be switched to fully active management. Sample size of 3900 was planned, but even after protocol modification a planned interim analysis after first 1500 deliveries showed continuing high postpartum haemorrhage rate in physiological group and study was stopped. SETTING: Maternity hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Of 4709 women delivered from 1 January 1986 to 31 January 1987, 1695 were admitted to trial and allocated randomly to physiological (849) or active (846) management. Reasons for exclusion were: refusal, antepartum haemorrhage, cardiac disease, breech presentation, multiple pregnancy, intrauterine death, and, after May 1986, ritodrine given two hours before delivery, anticoagulant treatment, and any condition needing a particular management of third stage. INTERVENTIONS: All but six women allocated to active management actually received it, having prophylactic oxytocic, cord clamping before placental delivery, and cord traction; whereas just under half those allocated to physiological management achieved it. A fifth of physiological group received prophylactic oxytocic, two fifths underwent cord traction and just over half clamping of the cord before placental delivery. ENDPOINT: Reduction in incidence of postpartum haemorrhage from 7.5% under physiological management to 5.0% under active management. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Incidence of postpartum haemorrhage was 5.9% in active management group and 17.9% in physiological group (odds ratio 3.13; 95% confidence interval 2.3 to 4.2), a contrast reflected in other indices of blood loss. In physiological group third stage was longer (median 15 min v 5 min) and more women needed therapeutic oxytocics (29.7% v 6.4%). Apgar scores at one and five minutes and incidence of neonatal respiratory problems were not significantly different between groups. Babies in physiological group weighed mean of 85 g more than those in active group. When women allocated to and receiving active management (840) were compared with those who actually received physiological management (403) active management still produced lower rate of postpartum haemorrhage (odds ratio 2.4;95% CI1.6 to 3.7). CONCLUSIONS: Policy of active management practised in this trial reduces incidence of postpartum haemorrhage, shortens third stage, and results in reduced neonatal packed cell volume. PMID- 3144367 TI - Immunity to rubella in women of childbearing age in the United Kingdom. AB - In the first three years of a surveillance scheme for susceptibility to rubella in women aged 15-44 the results of over 1.3 million serological tests were collected by 80 laboratories throughout the United Kingdom. Seventy eight per cent of the results, or an average of 340,000 a year, were from pregnant women, so that just under half of all pregnant women in the United Kingdom were reported on. Eighteen per cent of results were from women tested before vaccination and the remainder were from diagnostic and other tests. Pregnant women showed an overall downward trend in susceptibility to rubella (from 4.2% at the beginning of 1984 to 3.0% at the end of 1986), and a similar decline was seen in the two other categories. Regional data showed a significant negative correlation between the proportion of pregnant women aged 15-19 who were susceptible to the virus and rate of uptake of vaccine in 14 year old schoolgirls. Women aged 25-29 were least susceptible. This form of laboratory surveillance is feasible and representative; it should be continued to monitor the effect of introducing the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. PMID- 3144368 TI - Seasonal distribution in conceptions achieved by artificial insemination by donor. AB - The distribution of conceptions after artificial insemination from a donor was studied in 259 conceptions at an artificial insemination clinic and found to be seasonal. Conception was not influenced by the number of donors or patients attending the clinic, the frequency of inseminations, or medical skill. Conception was more common from early winter until early spring (October to March) with a peak in November. As variables such as frequency of intercourse and ovulation were irrelevant in these women and highest sperm counts occur from February to March these results suggested a seasonal variation in the quality of the ovulated egg or endometrial receptivity. The waste of eggs after ovulation (or preimplantation conceptuses) at specific times of the year has implications in the treatment of infertility, particularly for in vitro fertilisation and gamete intrafallopian transfer. PMID- 3144369 TI - Aspirin and bleeding peptic ulcers in the elderly. AB - A case-control study was performed to determine whether aspirin confers a similar risk of bleeding from gastric or duodenal ulcers in the elderly as non-aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The intake of analgesics in 230 patients with bleeding ulcers aged 60 and over and in hospital and community controls matched for age and sex was examined. Those who had taken aspirin were between two and three times more likely to be admitted to hospital with bleeding ulcers. This increased risk was not accounted for by aspirin taken for indigestion or by concurrent use of non-aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A similar effect was not seen for paracetamol. When aspirin and other non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs were considered together the overall risk attributed to the drugs suggested that these drugs may be responsible for over a third of admissions for bleeding peptic ulcers in the elderly. PMID- 3144370 TI - Castration at birth. PMID- 3144371 TI - Mineral density of bone in the forearm in premenopausal women with fractured wrists. PMID- 3144372 TI - Burn to toddler's penis from an electrochemical battery. PMID- 3144373 TI - Is injecting air into insulin bottles necessary? PMID- 3144374 TI - Is there a genetic factor in flecainide toxicity? PMID- 3144375 TI - Cervical screening in an inner city area: response to a call system in general practice. AB - To determine whether a cervical screening call system based in general practice in a deprived inner city area would increase the numbers of women who came forward for cervical smears the response to letters of invitation for screening was monitored for one year in one general practice in the Paddington and North Kensington district of London. Women aged 20-64 were identified from the computerised age-sex register. Only 16% of these women had had a smear test. A total of 750 call letters was sent out. Initially the response was poor (57 women; 22%), and 85 (32%) letters were returned marked "address unknown." After the age-sex register was updated the response to call was 330 women (44%). The response of women aged over 35 was better than the response of women aged 35 and under (229 (53%) v 101 (32%)). In the year of the study the number of women aged 20-64 on the revised register who had been screened rose by 330 (14%). A general practice based call system can improve uptake of cervical screening even in a highly mobile, socially underprivileged population. PMID- 3144376 TI - For debate: pet birds as an independent risk factor for lung cancer. AB - To find out whether keeping birds in the home is an independent risk factor for lung cancer a case-control study was carried out in four main hospitals in The Hague, The Netherlands. Forty nine patients under 65 years of age with lung cancer each were matched for age and sex with two control subjects who attended the same general practice. Data were collected on social class, cigarette smoking, intake of beta carotene and vitamin C, and alcohol consumption. It was found that smoking, birdkeeping, and a low intake of vitamin C were significantly and independently related to the incidence of lung cancer. The odds ratio for lung cancer among people who keep birds as pets was estimated to be 6.7 after adjusting for smoking and vitamin C intake. The results of this study suggest that keeping pet birds is an independent risk factor for lung cancer. PMID- 3144377 TI - Management of perinatal loss of a twin. AB - The death of a twin during pregnancy or around birth gives rise to a bewildering confusion of thoughts and feelings that can impede mourning and disturb the bereaved mother's care of a surviving twin. Every effort should be made to give the parents and siblings an experience of the dead baby. Photographs especially can reduce confusion and assist reality testing and thus facilitate the grieving process and improve the care of the surviving twin. PMID- 3144378 TI - Iron and folate supplements during pregnancy: supplementation is valuable only in selected patients. PMID- 3144379 TI - Iron and folate supplements during pregnancy: supplementing everyone treats those at risk and is cost effective. PMID- 3144380 TI - Treating HIV positive haemophiliacs with zidovudine. PMID- 3144381 TI - Junior hospital doctors: tired and tested. PMID- 3144382 TI - Computer viruses. PMID- 3144384 TI - I'm a doctor, can I help? PMID- 3144383 TI - Plasmapheresis and fulminant acute pancreatitis? PMID- 3144385 TI - Scrutinising research ethics committees. PMID- 3144387 TI - Psychiatric morbidity of long stay hospital population. PMID- 3144386 TI - Proposed reference chart in paediatric resuscitation. PMID- 3144388 TI - Choosing a general practice computer system. PMID- 3144389 TI - Treating renal calculi. PMID- 3144390 TI - Increased cardiovascular risk and diabetes in Indians. PMID- 3144391 TI - Seeing the body after death. PMID- 3144392 TI - Monitoring during sedation and endoscopy. PMID- 3144393 TI - Notification of mumps. PMID- 3144395 TI - Through a glass darkly. PMID- 3144394 TI - Performance indicators for family planning services. PMID- 3144396 TI - Aspirin for strokes and transient ischaemic attacks. PMID- 3144397 TI - Probable fatal interaction between ciprofloxacin and theophylline. PMID- 3144398 TI - Systemic symptoms associated with a rubefacient. PMID- 3144399 TI - Toxic interaction of lithium carbonate and mefenamic acid. PMID- 3144400 TI - Metabolism and preservation of fresh and stored erythrocytes in blood treated with gentian violet. AB - 1. The metabolism of the erythrocytes in the gentian violet (GV)-treated blood from ten donors was studied weekly from time zero to the 28th day of storage in order to evaluate the efficacy of the use of GV in the chemoprophylaxis of transfusional Chagas' disease. 2. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in erythrocytes of GV-treated blood were similar to the control until and including the 21st day, with a significant decrease of approximately 40% in relation to control detected only on the 28th day. 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate levels of GV treated blood significantly decreased from the 21st to the 28th day in relation to the control. However, they were above the minimum accepted for good preservation. pH, partial oxygen pressure (pO2), partial carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2), sodium and potassium levels were similar to the respective controls. 3. The use of gentian violet in the chemoprophylaxis of transfusional Chagas' disease is strongly recommended in endemic areas and/or where no safe serologic tests are available. PMID- 3144401 TI - Experimental murine schistosomiasis mansoni: inhibition of neutrophil granulocyte inflammatory reaction. AB - 1. The mobilization of neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity following stimulation with sterile mineral oil was studied in normal and schistosome infected mice. This response was correlated with changes in blood neutrophil counts and with the production and release of medullar granulocytes. 2. The peritoneal neutrophil inflammatory reaction was considerably reduced in schistosome-infected mice. The medullar pool of mature neutrophils was totally depleted, in spite of an increased number of immature neutrophil precursors. 3. We conclude that the decreased inflammatory response of neutrophils during schistosomiasis is due to the delay of their maturation in the bone marrow. A similar delay has been observed in schistosomal patients. A causal relationship between delay of neutrophil maturation and sensitivity of schistosomal patients to chronic microbial infections is suggested by these data. PMID- 3144402 TI - Effect of hyperosmotic sodium chloride solution on vascular permeability and inflammatory edema in rats. AB - This study analyzes the effects of treatment with a hyperosmotic NaCl solution on carrageenan-induced inflammatory edema and vascular permeability in rats. Given 15 min before carrageenan, this treatment reduced paw edema measured for up to 6 h by 27 to 44%. Similarly, when the rats were treated 30 min after injection of the irritant, paw volume was significantly reduced (35 to 53%) between 1 and 6 h when compared to that of untreated animals. Increases in vascular permeability were significantly reduced at 30 min (73%) and 1 h (54%) in rats treated 15 min before, and at 1 h (49%) in animals treated 30 min after carrageenan. Treatment with hyperosmotic mannitol or isotonic NaCl solutions did not show any changes in inflammatory response to carrageenan. These data suggest that chemical mediator(s) of inflammation may be involved in the mechanism(s) of action of a hyperosmotic NaCl solution on the acute inflammatory response. PMID- 3144403 TI - The separation of complement inhibitors from patients with schistosomiasis or Chagas' disease by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200: a preliminary study. AB - Gel filtration through Sephadex G-200 was used to detect anticomplement activity of sera from patients with Schistosoma mansoni infections or Chagas' disease. Protein content, immunoglobulins and hemolysis-inhibiting activity were assessed in the chromatographic effluent. The proteins were distributed as usual among three regular peaks. The presence of IgM (first peak) and IgG (second peak) in the fractions was demonstrated by the Ouchterlony method. No immunoglobulins were detectable in the third peak. A heat-labile activity which abolished the lysis of sensitized sheep red blood cells in the presence of guinea pig serum was eluted from the column in the ascending and top region of the first protein peak and in the top region of the second protein peak (fractions from schistosomiasis or chagasic patients). Furthermore, a potent anti-complement activity was eluted from sera of chagasic patients far from the first and second protein peaks, just before the third peak. PMID- 3144404 TI - Early undernutrition blocks the effect of naltrexone on rat exploratory behavior. AB - 1. Young rats were undernourished by feeding their dams an 8% protein diet (w/w) from birth until weaning (21 days); the dams of control rats were fed a 20% protein diet (w/w) until weaning. All offspring were fed a 20% protein diet from 21 to 120-150 days of age, when they were tested. 2. The involvement of endogenous opioids in the exploratory activity (rearing response and crossing frequency in a 2-compartment open-field test) was evaluated by examining the effects of a single injection of naltrexone (0.75 mg/kg, ip) 6 min prior to testing. 3. Naltrexone decreased exploratory activity (rearing) by approximately 50% in normal rats but had no effect on undernourished rats. 4. These data provide additional evidence for an alteration in the opioid system of undernourished rats. PMID- 3144405 TI - Cell volume regulation in the trypanosomatid Herpetomonas samuelpessoai. AB - Herpetomonas samuelpessoai was submitted to hypo- and hyper-osmotic shocks in buffer and culture medium. Cell volume was evaluated with an electronic particle counter and by the transmission of a parasite suspension measured at 540 nm with a spectrophotometer. Cell volume changes after osmotic shock were transient, parasites being able to completely restore cell volume to the original values in culture medium but not in buffer. The kinetics of transmittance changes closely resembled that of volume variations. The volume regulatory increase (but not decrease) was dependent on extracellular K concentration and strongly influenced by the parasite growth phase. Evidence is presented supporting the idea that changes in transmission values can be linearly correlated to mean cell volume variations in free-floating cells. PMID- 3144406 TI - Carbamazepine-lithium toxicity in brain-damaged adolescents. AB - For several years carbamazepine has been used to treat intractable mania and it is frequently used in combination with lithium. Reports of toxicity have appeared in the past 2 years and some risk factors have been suggested. This paper reports four cases of brain-damaged adolescents treated with carbamazepine and lithium for both seizure and behaviour control who developed this reported neurotoxic phenomenon. PMID- 3144407 TI - Abnormal fibrinolytic activity in systemic lupus erythematosus and possible mechanisms. AB - Plasma fibrinolytic activity was measured in 34 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 12 normal subjects. Patients with SLE showed a significantly reduced resting level of plasma tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) compared to normal. The reduction in t-PA was demonstrated both by a functional assay (fibrin-plate lysis, FP) and an immunochemical assay (ELISA). Measurement of the fibrinolytic response following venous occlusion allowed division of the patients into two groups. In the first (24 patients), there was a normal increase in t-PA response, demonstrated both by the functional and immunochemical assays. In the second (10 patients), there was a significantly reduced plasma t-PA response measured by FP. Seven of the patients in this second group, which included four patients with histological evidence of vasculitis, showed a similar failure of t-PA response (ELISA) after venous occlusion. These results suggest that their impaired fibrinolytic response may be related to defective t-PA release secondary to endothelial cell damage. The remaining three patients in the latter group had a normal t-PA (ELISA) response despite a reduced FP response, suggesting the presence of an inhibitor. PMID- 3144408 TI - Prolonged hypogonadism in male patients with rheumatoid arthritis during flares in disease activity. AB - The pituitary-gonadal axis was assessed in 10 male patients during hospital admissions lasting 3-6 weeks (median 3 weeks) for flares for rheumatoid arthritis. Despite significant improvements in the Ritchie indices from median 16 (range 9-23) to 8.5 (range 5-20) (p less than 0.01) and ESR from median 67 mm/h (range 46-115 mm/h) to 58 mm/h (range 15-116 mm/h) (p less than 0.05) there were no significant changes in serum testosterone, LH, FSH, prolactin (PRL), cortisol or androstenedione during the admission periods. At follow-up (median 14 months, range 5-18 months after admission) there were further improvements in articular indices (median 7, range 3-13; p = NS) and ESR (median 20 mm/h, range 4-62 mm/h; p less than 0.05) and rheumatoid factor titres had fallen from median 1/1025 (range 1/126 to 1/1024) to median 1/512 (range 1/64 - 1/512). One patient showed biochemical features of progressive testicular failure. In the remaining patients, serum and derived free testosterone levels were significantly increased (p less than 0.01 respectively) and serum LH reduced (p less than 0.01). There were no changes, at this time, in prolactin, cortisol or androstenedione. Rheumatoid flares appear to be associated with prolonged suppression of testicular function. PMID- 3144409 TI - Falx ossification--MR visualization. AB - While falx calcification is rarely demonstrated using magnetic resonance, falx ossification, when seen, is characteristic. On magnetic resonance images, falx ossification exhibits a typical appearance consisting of a central marrow containing portion with signal intensity similar to fat, surrounded by low signal intensity representing cortical bone. Falx ossification was seen in 0.7% of patients and should not be confused with a falx lipoma, a rare congenital entity. PMID- 3144410 TI - [Circadian rhythms of slow-wave sleep and paradoxical sleep are in opposite phase in genetically hypoprolactinemic rats]. AB - In eleven genetically hypoprolactinemic rats (IPL nude rats) and five control rats (OFA), the sleep-waking cycle was continuously registered for 14 days at two ambient temperatures. At 23 degrees C, the slow wave sleep (SWS) duration of IPL rats was significantly higher (+6.8%, t = 5.4, p less than 0.001) than that of control rats, while the paradoxical sleep (PS) duration was lowered by 31.8% (t = 9.4, p less than 0.001). The circadian rhythm of PS disappeared while that of SWS persisted unchanged. At 30 degrees C, both sleep durations reached the level of control rats. The circadian rhythm of PS was however completely reversed: the PS acrophase was at 01 h while that of SWS was at 12 hrs. This first observation of spontaneous dissociation of the two states of sleep supports the hypothesis of two distinct circadian clocks, one for SWS, another for PS. It is suggested that hypothalamic prolactin and/or other still unknown genetic alterations might be responsible for the observed change in the PS circadian rhythm. PMID- 3144411 TI - [Perspectives for an epidemiological study of hairy cell leukemia]. AB - A strong male predominance (4/1) has been noticed in all series of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and we wonder whether there could be a link between male predominance and occupation. From a series of 161 patients observed by two different groups, the repartition of profession suggest an aetiological link between HCL and occupational exposure, particularly radiation, benzene and other solvents, since it appears that the proportion of medical workers (6%), mechanic divers (22%), printers and painters (10%) and farmers (11%) represent a high proportion of patients. Aware of the relative rarity of the disease we suggested to set up a national registry of the cases of HCL, the precise incidence of which remains unknown, and to start a classical case-referent study. PMID- 3144412 TI - [Relations of iodination, hormonosynthesis and proteolytic cleavage in human thyroglobulin]. AB - Normally iodinated thyroglobulin (Tg) contains low molecular weight hormone-rich peptides associated to the bulk of the molecule by disulfide bridges. It is shown, with the assistance of in vitro iodination experiments using different iodine concentrations and various incubation times, that the proteolytic cleavage giving rise to the 26 K hormonopeptide in human Tg is part of a coupling reaction rather than iodination. This cleavage may be a preliminary event related to a facilitation in the release of thyroid hormones. PMID- 3144413 TI - [Toxic effect of fluid accumulated within silicone regeneration chambers on the survival and proliferation of fibroblasts of the heart of newborn rats]. AB - Liquid collected from silicone impermeable sciatic regeneration chambers, fetal calf serum (FCS) and rat serum at different dilutions were tested on fibroblasts originating from hearts of newborn rats. The lower liquid dilutions presented a toxic effect. This effect was not counteracted by simultaneous addition of FCS at the same dilution. No evidence of a trophic activity was found in the liquid. PMID- 3144414 TI - [Excitatory effect of subthalamo-nigral and subthalamo-pallidal efferent pathways in the rat]. AB - Microinjections of the GABA antagonist, bicuculline, where shown to selectively activate subthalamic neurons in the rat. Stimulation of subthalamic efferent pathways increased the neuronal discharge in the pallidal complex and pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. Most nigral dopaminergic neurons displayed a slight decrease in firing rate. According to these results, which are more coherent than those obtained through electrical stimulation, the subthalamic nucleus may be considered a source of tonic activation of the two output structures of the basal ganglia viz, pars reticulata of the substantia nigra and entopeduncular nucleus. PMID- 3144415 TI - [Intestinal flora and social relations in laboratory rats]. AB - This paper deals with the quantitative study of the social interaction in dyads of laboratory rats. Two kinds of dyads of Rattus norvegicus were observed: one which had the conventional rat intestinal flora (S.S.C.u.p.) and the other a micro-flora (J.L.T.) derived from feral rats, each member of the dyad having the same sex. Contact-seeking and sniffing behaviour were more frequent and lasted longer in J.L.T. rats than in S.S.C.u.p. PMID- 3144416 TI - [Use of 1,4 diacetoxy-2,3 dicyanobenzol in microspectrofluorometry for determining the intracellular pH of isolated living cells]. AB - Microspectrofluorometry allows to obtain the fluorescence spectrum of an isolated living cell. When cells are preincubated with 1,4 diacetoxy-2,3 dicyanobenzol the cellular fluorescence spectrum can be resolved in its components i.e. the characteristic fluorescence spectrum of each ionized forms of the probe and the intrinsic cell fluorescence spectrum due to NAD(P)H. This allows the determination of the intracellular pH with good accuracy. Furthermore, comparison between the intensity of the intrinsic cell fluorescence and the probe fluorescence intensity offers us an opportunity to monitor the intracellular amount of the drug. PMID- 3144417 TI - [Enhancement of the combination of F-actin and alpha-actinin association in the presence of 1,2-propanediol]. AB - The influence of 1,2-propanediol on the G-actin/F-actin equilibrium has been studied previously. We report here its effect on the crosslinking of actin filaments by alpha-actinin. Capillary viscometry experiments indicate a marked increase in the viscosity of F-actin/alpha-actinin solutions in the presence of this solvent, with a rise of the gel point temperature. Gel electrophoresis obtained after high-speed sedimentation of these proteins showed an enhancement of the alpha-actinin/actin filaments association. Propanediol-induced perturbations of interactions between microfilaments and actin-binding proteins might help explain the variability of its cryoprotective efficiency for the preservation of various cells. PMID- 3144418 TI - [Interaction between ricin and Zajdela ascitic hepatoma cells]. AB - The binding to and toxicity of ricin on Zajdela hepatoma ascites cells were studied. The kinetic analysis of [125I]-ricin binding to hepatoma cells indicated that maximal specific binding was reached within 30 min. at 4 degrees C and 60 min. at 25 degrees C and that toxin binding to hepatoma cells was saturable. When the binding data were plotted according to the method of Scatchard, curvilinear graphs were obtained suggesting that hepatoma cells have both high and low affinity receptors for ricin. The number of high and low affinity receptors was identical at 4 and 25 degrees C, i.e., 8 x 10(5) and 1.2 x 10(7) sites per cell respectively. However, the capacity of hepatoma cells to bind ricin is stronger at 4 degrees C than at 25 degrees C. The toxic activity of ricin was totally abolished in the presence of lactose suggesting that ricin binding to cells occurs through binding sites containing galactosyl residues. PMID- 3144419 TI - [Toward an unpublished method of detecting human retroviruses: activation of HIV 1 LacZ recombinant provirus by the tat gene product]. AB - For a few of retroviruses, the level of synthesis of viral proteins is greatly increased in the presence of a transactivator gene which is encoded by the virus. For instance, for HIV, TAT acts on target sequences present in the viral long terminal repeat (LTR). HIV-1 recombinant retrovirus (RRV), where the gag, pol and part of env genes have been exchanged for the reporter nlsLacZ gene, expresses the reporter gene only in presence of TAT. When the RRV is tat defective, this activity can be complemented by tat present on a second molecule. The expression of nlsLacZ can then be detected by a simple histochemical staining. If this complementation can also be provided by a wild type virus, then their detection and titration would be greatly simplified. PMID- 3144420 TI - [Isolation of virus-like particles of in vitro cultures of Plasmodium falciparum]. AB - We have isolated virus-like particles from in vitro cultures of the malarial agent Plasmodium falciparum. These particles have a buoyant density of 1.16 g/cm3, contain DNA, and appear to arise from budding structures on the surface of parasitized erythrocytes. PMID- 3144421 TI - [Isolation and preliminary characterization of mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 overproducers of 2 exported proteins: beta-lactamase and alkaline phosphatase]. AB - Spontaneous mutants of Escherichia coli characterized by the overproduction of two periplasmic proteins, beta-lactamase and alkaline phosphatase were isolated. Such olp (Overproduction of beta-Lactamase and alkaline Phosphatase) mutants were selected for growth in the presence of ampicillin and were identified on the basis of their increased content in alkaline phosphatase activity. Phenotypic analysis of olp mutants (resistance to bacteriophages and colicins) suggest that the organisation of their envelope has been deeply modified. Analysis of their cell envelope protein composition indicated that most mutants have a decreased content of porin proteins OmpF and OmpC. These mutations were mapped near the mtl locus, at minute 81 of the bacterial genetic map. PMID- 3144422 TI - [Blocking calcium-dependent potassium in permeability of skeletal muscle fibers in the frog by a sodium-free medium]. AB - In voltage-clamped frog muscle fibres, the total or partial substitution of NaCl by LiCl does not alter the calcium-dependent slow outward potassium current. In contrast, an equimolar substitution of NaCl by choline-Cl (+atropine) or trisCl induces a rapid and reversible blockage of the current. PMID- 3144423 TI - [Role of divalent cations in the genesis of the frog electro-olfactogram]. AB - In frogs, underwater electro-olfactograms (EOGs) in response to 10(-5) M isoamyl acetate were recorded under restricted cationic environments. The olfactory mucosa was superfused by sodium-free sucrose solutions, and the effect of the addition of millimolar concentrations of calcium, cobalt, barium, or cadmium was studied. Only calcium and barium restored the response; sodium and cobalt were less efficient. Cobalt did not alter the restoring effect of calcium. Cadmium resulted in irreversible blocking irrespective of the presence of calcium. These results are discussed in terms of possible ionic mechanisms mediating olfactory responses. PMID- 3144424 TI - [Evaluation of 2 culture media for the isolation and enumeration of motile Aeromonas in different kinds of water]. AB - In recent years an increasing incidence of Aeromonas-related cutaneous infections and gastroenteritis has raised a serious public health problem. It appeared therefore timely to define a specific method allowing the rapid isolation and enumeration of the bacteria in their various aquatic habitats. In this line of research we have compared the growth of Aeromonas originating from different aquatic sources and raised on two media, i.e. RS-agar and PXA-agar. Whatever the aquatic system we observed that the PXA-agar medium clearly was better adapted for a quick enumeration of Aeromonas. PMID- 3144425 TI - [Effects of an anti-inflammatory agent of benzamide structure, dexamethasone and indomethacin on experimental cerebral edema induced by phospholipase 2 in rats]. AB - Only a few molecules show any efficacy against brain edema. Different methods such as brain copper-wire implantation or arachidonic acid injection are used in the research of active drugs. A new model, involving injection of phospholipase A2, is described. The effect of an anti-inflammatory compound, N-(4,6-dimethyl 2 pyridinyl) benzamide, was evaluated on the three different experimental brain edemas mentioned above; dexamethasone and indomethacin were used as reference drugs. The studied molecule is, like dexamethasone, active on the three brain edema models. It has no direct inhibitory effect on phospholipase A2, cannot block cyclooxygenase activity but does reduce prostaglandin biosynthesis. Other factors, such as dopaminergic and alpha 2-adrenergic agonist activities, could also interfere. PMID- 3144426 TI - [Natural infestation of domestic cats (Felis catus L.) by Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863 (Cestoda): first case in France detected in peri urban area]. AB - A minute specimen of a tapeworm from the small intestine of a domestic cat is related to Echinococcus multilocularis. The natural infestation of the cat by this species of cestode is demonstrated in France for the first time. The cat was captured in the field around buildings of the neighbourhood of Annemasse (Haute Savoie). This case illustrates the possibility of an urban life cycle extension of alveolar echinococcosis in the permanent endemic areas of the zoonosis in France and also the eventual risks of contamination for urban dwellers by parasite eggs laying on the ground or on the carnivorous domestic animal furs. PMID- 3144427 TI - Growth of Listeria monocytogenes at different pH values in uncultured whey or whey cultured with Penicillium camemberti. AB - Wheys from making Camembert cheese were either uncultured or cultured with Penicillium camemberti, adjusted to pH 5.0, 5.2, 5.4, 5.6, 6.2, and 6.8, and filter sterilized. Whey samples were inoculated to contain 100 to 500 Listeria monocytogenes (strains Scott A, V7, CA, or OH) cfu/mL and incubated at 6 degrees C. Counts of L. monocytogenes were obtained by surface plating appropriate dilutions on Tryptose Agar. Listeria monocytogenes failed to grow at or below pH 5.4; except for strains Scott A and OH which grew in cultured whey at pH 5.4 and attained populations of 7.8 x 10(3) and 5.4 x 10(4) cfu/mL, respectively, after 35 d of storage. In uncultured whey at pH 5.6, 6.2, and 6.8, populations of L. monocytogenes increased from 7.20 to 7.81, 7.51 to 8.23, and 7.48 to 8.08 log10 cfu/mL, respectively, after 35 d of storage at 6 degrees C. In cultured whey at pH 5.6, 6.2, and 6.8, numbers of L. monocytogenes increased from 7.53 to 8.13, 7.82 to 8.55, and 7.95 to 8.80 log10 cfu/mL, respectively, after 35 d of storage. Generation times for L. monocytogenes at 6 degrees C in uncultured whey at pH 5.6, 6.2, and 6.8 ranged between 25.3 and 31.6 h, 14.8 and 21.1 h, and 14.0 and 19.4 h, respectively, depending on the Listeria strain. In contrast, generation times were significantly (p less than 0.05) shorter in cultured whey and ranged between 16.6 and 27.4 h, 10.3 and 16.6 h, and 17.4 and 16.3 h at pH values of 5.6, 6.2, and 6.8, respectively. PMID- 3144428 TI - Effect of ascorbate on oxygen uptake and growth of Escherichia coli B. AB - The addition of ascorbate to aerobically growing cultures of Escherichia coli B caused only a short pause in growth and no subsequent change in the rate or extent of growth. The effect of ascorbate on oxygen uptake varied from inhibition in minimal medium to stimulation in rich medium. Cyanide-resistant growth and oxygen uptake were stimulated by ascorbate. Both the rate and extent of anaerobic growth were stimulated in proportion to the amount of ascorbate added when fumarate was the terminal electron acceptor. Ascorbate had no effect on any aspect of anaerobic growth in the absence of a terminal electron acceptor or in the presence of nitrate. PMID- 3144430 TI - Common fragile sites and human cancer. A study on lymphocytes from neuroblastoma patients. AB - To clarify the possible relationship between fragile site expression and cancer, we examined lymphocytes from patients affected by neuroblastoma. This neoplasia may be inherited in some cases and is often characterized by a specific chromosomal aberration: deletion of the short arm of chromosome 1. We found a higher expression of fragile sites after aphidicolin and, to a lesser extent, after methotrexate treatment in lymphocytes from neuroblastoma patients as compared with those of normal donors. The analysis of fragile site distribution pointed out the increase in the expression of fragile site 1p32 in the patients. We believe that this finding might be relevant because this fragile site is located in the same region where breakpoints and rearrangements frequently occur in neuroblastoma cells. PMID- 3144431 TI - Lack of influence of butylated hydroxytoluene on modification of lung microsome mediated aflatoxin B1-DNA binding: role of pulmonary glutathione S-transferase. AB - Phenolic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are known to inhibit tumor formation due to several chemical carcinogens including aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Metabolic activation of AFB1 by lung microsomes and possible modification by dietary BHA was reported in an earlier communication (Allameh et al. (1988) Cancer Lett., 40, 49). Here we report the effect of dietary BHA at a high dose (0.75% for 15 days) and a low dose (0.06% for 180 days) on the activation and inactivation of AFB1 by subcellular preparations of lung. BHT at high dose alone induced hepatic cytosolic glutathione (GSH) S-transferases activity while the pulmonary enzyme was unaffected by BHT feeding. This observation was substantiated when the addition of lung cytosol from control and BHT-treated rats showed similar inhibition (50%) in the microsome mediated AFB1-DNA binding. Thus BHT appears to have little influence on the pulmonary metabolism of AFB1. PMID- 3144432 TI - The galactosyltransferase activity of hepatic nodules during rat liver carcinogenesis. AB - Galactosyltransferase has been isolated from putative preneoplastic hepatocyte nodules generated in the resistant hepatocyte model by the procedure of Solt et al. (Am. J. Pathol., 88 (1977) 595-609). The following observations have resulted from these studies: (a) the specific activity of galactosyltransferase isolated from hepatocyte nodules by affinity chromatography was reduced to about 1/3 that of the enzyme in control and in liver tissue surrounding the nodules; (b) the galactosyltransferase activity from normal rat serum eluted from the alpha lactalbumin affinity column as a single peak (spec. act. = 1.57 nmol/min per mg) while that from the serum of nodule-bearing rats eluted in two distinct peaks (spec. act. = 2.49 and 0.49 nmol/min per mg protein); (c) the elution profile of the enzyme from hepatocyte nodules was broad compared to that from normal liver, surrounding liver or serum; (d) the Km for N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) was lower in all four independent batches of nodules compared to the Km for GlcNAc from control and surrounding liver; (e) the Km for uridine diphosphogalactose (UDP-Gal) was higher for the enzyme from nodules compared to that from control tissue. These data suggest that the hepatocyte nodule produces several glycoforms of galactosyltransferase the kinetic properties of which differ from those of the enzyme from control liver. PMID- 3144433 TI - Protective effect of iron chelators on epirubicin-induced fibroblast toxicity. AB - Free oxygen radicals generated by anthracycline/iron complexes have been implicated in anthracycline cytotoxicity. We therefore tested whether enzymatic scavengers of free radicals or metal chelators were able to inhibit anthracycline toxicity. The survival of Chinese hamster fibroblasts was reduced when the cells were exposed to 0.1-1.0 mg/l 4'-epidoxorubicin (epirubicin). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (250 mg/l), or catalase (250 mg/l) did not affect the clonogenic survival of the fibroblasts. The metal-chelators, diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) (100 mumol/l), EDTA (100 mumol/l), and desferrioxamine (100 mumol/l) all protected against epirubicin-induced clonogenic survival. The protection of chelators against epirubicin toxicity implies that chelators might also be able to modulate anthracycline toxicity in vivo. PMID- 3144429 TI - Clostridium difficile: its disease and toxins. AB - Clostridium difficile is the etiologic agent of pseudomembranous colitis, a severe, sometimes fatal disease that occurs in adults undergoing antimicrobial therapy. The disease, ironically, has been most effectively treated with antibiotics, although some of the newer methods of treatment such as the replacement of the bowel flora may prove more beneficial for patients who continue to relapse with pseudomembranous colitis. The organism produces two potent exotoxins designated toxin A and toxin B. Toxin A is an enterotoxin believed to be responsible for the diarrhea and mucosal tissue damage which occur during the disease. Toxin B is an extremely potent cytotoxin, but its role in the disease has not been as well studied. There appears to be a cascade of events which result in the expression of the activity of these toxins, and these events, ranging from the recognition of a trisaccharide receptor by toxin A to the synergistic action of the toxins and their possible dissemination in the body, are discussed in this review. The advantages and disadvantages of the various assays, including tissue culture assay, enzyme immunoassay, and latex agglutination, currently used in the clinical diagnosis of the disease also are discussed. PMID- 3144434 TI - The sex-determining gene tra-2 of Drosophila encodes a putative RNA binding protein. AB - The gene transformer-2 (tra-2) of Drosophila is necessary not only for female sexual differentiation but also for normal spermatogenesis in males. We have cloned and characterized the tra-2 gene. Its putative protein has a domain that is homologous to RNA binding proteins. This suggests that the tra-2 protein might achieve the female-specific splicing of the transcript of dsx, a sex-determining gene whose mode of expression depends on tra-2. The protein coding region of the tra-2 transcript is identical in males and females. In both sexes, a low level of transcript is present in the soma and a high level in the germ line. This indicates that tra-2 is regulated in a way different from other sex-determining genes. PMID- 3144435 TI - Sex-lethal, a Drosophila sex determination switch gene, exhibits sex-specific RNA splicing and sequence similarity to RNA binding proteins. AB - The switch gene, Sex-lethal (Sxl), controls sexual development and dosage compensation. It must be active in females and inactive in males throughout development. Analysis of Sxl cDNAs shows that this on/off regulation may be explained by differential RNA splicing; only female transcripts appear to encode functional products, whereas all male transcripts contain an exon that truncates the open reading frame. The functional female product shows sequence similarities with ribonucleoproteins, suggesting that it is an RNA binding protein. Thus, we propose that Sxl encodes a factor that interacts with both its own pre-mRNA (accounting for positive autoregulation) and that of downstream genes to confer female-specific splicing. In this way, a single, simple mechanism could account for both the maintenance and expression of the sexually determined state. PMID- 3144436 TI - slit: an EGF-homologous locus of D. melanogaster involved in the development of the embryonic central nervous system. AB - A family of loci homologous to the EGF-like portion of Notch, a gene involved in neurogenesis, have been identified in D. melanogaster. The sequence, spatial, and temporal distribution of both RNA and protein of one of these loci suggest a possible role in the development of the central nervous system (CNS). In situ hybridization and antibody staining of embryos show initial localization in cells along the midline of the neuroepithelium. High level expression is restricted in the developing embryo to a subset of six midline glial cells abutting growing axons. Extracellular localization is suggested by the presence of EGF-like repeats in the deduced protein sequence and antibody staining. Cytological, immunocytochemical, genetic, and molecular data show that this gene corresponds to the slit locus. Mutations in this locus result in the collapse of the regular scaffold of commissural and longitudinal axon tracts in the embryonic central nervous system. PMID- 3144437 TI - Novel strand exchanges in V(D)J recombination. AB - We describe novel products of V(D)J recombination in which signal sequences become joined to coding elements, in contrast to the standard reaction whose products are junctions of two signal sequences or two coding elements. In this variant reaction, the recombination machinery evidently recognizes signal sequences and introduces strand breaks at the normal positions, but then connects the elements in unusual combinations. The lack of fixed directionality indicates that recombination sites are not uniquely aligned when strand exchange occurs. The discovery of these variant junctions suggests a model for the evolution of the antigen receptor loci. PMID- 3144438 TI - Transcriptional inhibition by a glucocorticoid receptor-beta-galactosidase fusion protein. AB - Binary developmental decisions and homeostatic regulation by steroids require negative transcriptional regulation to balance steroid-mediated stimulatory effects. Human glucocorticoid receptor mutants were used to identify regions important for trans-repression of the gene encoding the alpha subunit of chorionic gonadotropin. While the amino terminus is not critical, the DNA binding and ligand binding domains are required for efficient repression. However, the function of the carboxyl terminus can be substituted by a polypeptide from the human mineralocorticoid receptor or beta-galactosidase gene. The function of these fusion repressors supports the model that the human glucocorticoid receptor negatively regulates transcription via a steric hindrance mechanism. These results suggest a potentially general strategy for creation of sequence-specific transcriptional repressors. PMID- 3144439 TI - Rapid effect of interferon-gamma on human monocyte chemiluminescence. PMID- 3144440 TI - [Care facilities that encourage the independence of the patient with cancer]. PMID- 3144441 TI - Comparison of alfentanil, fentanyl and enflurane as supplements to general anaesthesia for outpatient gynaecologic surgery. AB - We compared two narcotic/N2O anaesthetic techniques and an inhalational anaesthesia/N2O technique for outpatient surgery in 59 women undergoing short gynaecological procedures. All patients received droperidol 0.625 mg IV, thiopentone and 70 per cent N2O in O2 plus either alfentanil (15 micrograms.kg 1), fentanyl (1.5 microgram.kg-1) or enflurane. The narcotics were given in a double-blind fashion and all anaesthetic techniques were assigned randomly. Cardiorespiratory parameters remained stable in all groups, with few clinically important changes occurring. Recovery was significantly faster in the group receiving alfentanil, with the time to respond to verbal commands and the time to establish alertness significantly faster than with either fentanyl or enflurane. All techniques provided satisfactory anaesthesia; however, the patients receiving alfentanil had significantly more adverse events than those receiving fentanyl. PMID- 3144442 TI - Fresh gas formulae do not accurately predict end-tidal PCO2 in paediatric patients. AB - To determine the fresh gas flow (FGF) requirements in paediatric patients, we measured the FGFs needed to maintain distal end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) values at 30 and 38 mmHg in patients weighing between 3.8 and 20 kg ventilated with either a Sechrist Infant Ventilator IV-100B or an Air-Shields Ventimeter and a Mapleson D circuit. The FGF requirement was 500 ml.kg-1.min-1 to maintain a PETCO2 of 30 mmHg and 250 ml.kg-1.min-1 to maintain a PETCO2 of 38 mmHg when minute ventilation greater than or equal to FGF. When these formulae were used in a subsequent group of similar patients, a wide variation in PETCO2 measurements were obtained. We conclude that the safest and most accurate approach to determine the FGF requirement of paediatric patients is to continuously monitor the PETCO2 in each patient and to adjust the FGF accordingly. PMID- 3144443 TI - Reversal of epidural morphine-induced respiratory depression and pruritus with nalbuphine. AB - The effect of nalbuphine on the respiratory depression, pruritus and analgesia induced by epidural morphine was determined in a randomized, prospective, double blind, placebo-controlled fashion. Twenty ASA physical status I women received 0.1 mg.kg-1 epidural morphine at induction of general anaesthesia for elective total abdominal hysterectomy. Group 1 (n = 14) received 0.3 mg.kg-1 nalbuphine intravenously six hours after the epidural morphine administration. Group 2 (n = 6) received saline. Prior to agent administration, six patients from the nalbuphine group and four patients from the saline group had respiratory depression indicated by a PaCO2 greater than 45 mmHg. After nalbuphine administration the PaCO2 (mean +/- SE) decreased from 49.5 +/- 1.2 mmHg to 42.5 +/- 0.7 mmHg (p less than 0.005) while there was no significant change after saline administration. Nine of the 14 patients receiving nalbuphine appeared to become more sedated, despite an improvement in ventilation. Pruritus was antagonized by 0.1 mg.kg-1 nalbuphine (p less than 0.006). There was no reversal of analgesia after administration of 0.3 mg.kg-1 nalbuphine. PMID- 3144444 TI - Malfunctioning unidirectional valves of Ohmeda Series 5 and 5A carbon dioxide absorbers. PMID- 3144445 TI - Ictus emeticus induced by photic stimulation. AB - It has been recently established that ictus emeticus originates from mesial temporal lobe structures. We herein report a patient with generalized epilepsy who exhibited ictus emeticus reflexly triggered by intermittent photic stimulation accompanied by generalized photoparoxysmal responses on the electroencephalogram. All seizures and EEG abnormalities ceased after treatment with valproic acid. The occurrence of ictus emeticus in generalized epilepsy is an apparent paradox, better explained by the theory of "secondary temporalization" implying the selective engagement of temporal lobe structures during generalized seizures. PMID- 3144446 TI - Cost appraisal of a fluoride tablet programme to Manchester primary schoolchildren. AB - The Manchester fluoride tablet trial was a pragmatic study to assist the Health Authority to decide whether to provide fluoride tablets daily to all primary schoolchildren in the District prior to water fluoridation being introduced. Twenty-two primary schools took part, half being allocated at random to the public health programme while the other half remained untreated. The average age at baseline was 5 yr 3 months. Costs were monitored throughout the trial and tangible and intangible benefits assessed. 263 children in the test schools and 266 in the control schools completed the trial. The cost per child was 4.39 pounds for the 3 yr of the trial. Economies resulting from an increase in size of a substantive scheme were estimated producing a cost of 1.98 pounds/child over a 3-yr period for a tangible benefit of 3.23 pounds. In addition, the intangible benefits of less anxiety, less treatment, and fewer experiences of general anaesthesia need consideration. PMID- 3144447 TI - Detection of surface movements on single smooth muscle cells: digital video microscopy. AB - The shortening response of isolated single smooth muscle cells from the toad stomach "Bufo marinus", was studied using digital video microscopy. A computer program was developed to rapidly on-line digitize and store successive video images of the cell as it shortened. Single smooth muscle cells were decorated with tiny anionic exchange resin beads which served as markers for surface motion. Through an interactive software routine, the cell's outline and bead images were defined. Given this information, the program determined the beads location along the length of the cell as well as its angular position on the cell surface. The program allowed the investigator to reconstruct three dimensional images of the cell during contraction. Analysis of successive cell images revealed that during cell shortening, beads would rotate on the cell surface. These data were interpreted as evidence for corkscrew-like shortening in single smooth muscle cells. PMID- 3144448 TI - [Proctomucosectomy and colo-anal anastomosis in rectovaginal fistula following the use of suppositories containing ergotamine]. AB - We observed a rectovaginal fistula in 2 patients who had applied ergotamine suppositories against migraine headaches. The local effect of ergotamine on the rectum mucosa as well as the higher systemic concentration after rectal application seem to promote the development of a rectovaginal fistula. Different methods for the surgical fistula repair are discussed, depending on location and diameter of the fistula. In our patients we have carried out the abdomino transanal resection of the rectum with sutured colo-anal anastomosis. PMID- 3144449 TI - Carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes--enigmatic variations. PMID- 3144450 TI - Immunocytochemical localisation of carbonic anhydrase isozyme III in equine skeletal muscle. AB - The location of carbonic anhydrase III (CA-III) in frozen sections of biopsies of Thoroughbred horse skeletal muscle was studied. Fibre types were determined by ATP-ase and succinate dehydrogenase staining. CA-III isozyme was detected using a peroxidase conjugated anti-CA-III antibody. CA-III was found to be localised in slow twitch oxidative fibres (ST), but was also present in fast twitch oxidative (FTH) fibres in small amounts. Fast twitch glycolytic (FT) fibres were stained lightly compared with control sections. The concentrations of CA-III in muscle and liver were 70 micrograms/mg protein and 4 micrograms/mg protein, respectively. CA-I and CA-II were not found in muscle extracts by the double immunodiffusion method. PMID- 3144451 TI - Structural determination of the photosystem II core complex from spinach. AB - A photosystem II core complex was purified with high yield from spinach by solubilization with beta-dodecylmaltoside. The complex consisted of polypeptides with molecular mass 47, 43, 34, 31, 9 and 4 kDa and some minor components, as detected by silver-staining of polyacrylamide gels. There was no indication for the chlorophyll-a/b-binding, light-harvesting complex polypeptides. The core complex revealed electron-transfer activity (1,5-diphenylcarbazide----2,6 dichloroindophenol) of about 30 mumol reduced 2,6-dichloroindophenol/mg chlorophyll/h. The structural integrity was analyzed by electron microscopy. The detergent-solubilized protein complex has the shape of a triangular disk with a maximum diameter of 13 nm and a maximum height of 6.8 nm. The shape of this core complex differs considerably from that of cyanobacterial photosystem II membrane fragments, which are elongated particles. The structural differences between both the complexes of higher plants and cyanobacteria are discussed with special emphasis on their association with the antenna apparatus in the photosynthetic membranes. PMID- 3144452 TI - Effect of recombinant human interleukin 4 on spontaneous in vitro human IgE synthesis. AB - Recombinant human interleukin 4 (IL 4) alone enhanced the spontaneous IgE synthesis in cultures of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from atopic patients as well as from nonatopic individuals, suggesting the existence of preactivated PBL sensitive for IL 4. Preactivated cells were also obtained by stimulation with Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I (SAC). However, co-stimulation of PBL by IL 4 with SAC or anti-IgM antibody and pokeweed mitogen did not result in an enhanced IgE synthesis. Optimal IL 4 concentrations for the induction of IgE synthesis coincided with optimal proliferative responses in PBL. The effect of IL 4 was not isotype specific, and in terms of protein even more IgG and IgM antibodies were formed. The effect of IL 4 on IgE synthesis was counteracted by very low concentrations of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), suggesting that both IL 4 and IFN-gamma might be decisive cytokines for the human in vitro IgE synthesis. PMID- 3144453 TI - Cooperative effect of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on the induction of the class II antigen-associated invariant chain expression. AB - The regulation of the invariant chain (Ii) expression was studied in the human colon carcinoma cell line HT-29 that constitutively expressed neither Ii nor class II antigens. Upon stimulation of HT-29 cells with a combination of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN gamma), expression of mRNA and protein of the invariant chain were induced. In contrast, administration of TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma alone had no effect. A delayed induction of Ii mRNA, which was first detected 10-12 h after stimulation, was observed; this suggests an indirect regulatory mechanism. Stimulation with both IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha led to the co-expression of class II antigens with the invariant chain. In order to study the genetic basis for this stimulation the murine invariant chain gene (800 bp 5' flanking sequences and the structural gene) was transfected into HT-29 cells and transfected cells were tested for the ability to respond to IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Simultaneous application of both cytokines had a strong effect on the induction of the murine invariant chain. IFN gamma alone had no effect and TNF-alpha only marginally stimulates murine invariant chain expression. The transfection experiment indicates that the murine invariant chain gene construct contains the structural elements which are responsible for regulation with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. We determined whether the cooperative effect of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma is also found in vivo. Stimulations of mice were performed with TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and a combination of both. The immunohistological analysis of kidney tissue sections revealed that TNF-alpha had no effect on Ii and Ia expression. Upon IFN-gamma treatment a minor subset of renal tubules showed staining for Ii, and less prominently also for Ia. However, simultaneous application of both cytokines led a strong induction of both Ii and Ia antigens in renal epithelial cells, thus suggesting that this synergistic effect potentially occurs under physiological conditions. PMID- 3144454 TI - Cross-linking of membrane IgM on B CLL cells: dissociation between intracellular free Ca2+ mobilization and cell proliferation. AB - It has been shown previously that chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells are frozen at different stages of activation with unique requirements for proliferation. Although most B CLL cells express surface IgM, anti-mu antibodies are able to trigger only some of them to proliferate and/or respond to B cell growth factor (BCGF) or interleukin 2 (IL2), as normal B cells. In this report we extend these observations using three different monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to human mu chain (one mitogenic in soluble form for normal B cells, the two others mitogenic only when coupled on Sepharose 4B beads). Cells from only 3 out of 11 B CLL patients proliferated in the presence of either mitogenic anti-mu. When the early events following surface Ig cross-linking, such as calcium mobilization (by flow cytometry on indo-1-labeled cells), were studied all three mAb in soluble form were able to induce a similar increase in the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i); analogous to [Ca2+]i rise after the mitogenic F(ab')2 anti-mu stimulation. This response was seen only in 8 out of the 12 CLL B cells studied. All B CLL cells, however, proliferate in response to a combination of phorbol ester 12,13-dibutyrate (PBt2) and ionomycin. Therefore, three patterns of response to sIg cross-linking by anti-mu could be distinguished: cells from 4 out of 12 cases proliferate and mobilize Ca2+ upon anti-mu triggering (behaving like resting B lymphocytes); in 4 other cases anti-mu lead to Ca2+ mobilization without cell proliferation; in the last 4 cases neither Ca2+ mobilization, IP3 generation (in the one case studied) nor cell proliferation are observed although these cells do proliferate directly in response to growth factors. Moreover, anti mu stimulation in this group leads to increased proliferation in response to BCGF and IL2 suggesting an anti-Ig signaling independent of inositol phosphate metabolism. These results are interpreted in terms of differential anti-mu signaling on B cells at different stages of activation. PMID- 3144455 TI - Interferon-gamma protects human endothelial cells from lymphokine-activated killer cell-mediated lysis. AB - In adoptive immunotherapy the lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, known to be cytotoxic to many tumor cell lines, are injected i.v. into tumor-bearing animals or cancer patients. However, in addition to a significant reduction in tumor masses, complications occur in many cases, most severe of which are the vascular leak syndrome and hypotension. In this report we show that LAK cells are also cytotoxic to normal vascular endothelial cells, which may partly contribute to these complications. Incubation of the endothelial cells with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), but not with interleukin 1 (IL 1) or tumor necrosis factor, protects the endothelial cells from LAK-mediated lysis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The protective effect is abolished by monoclonal antibody against IFN gamma. However, the IFN-gamma treatment does not protect LAK-sensitive tumor cell lines from LAK-mediated lysis. Concomitantly IFN-gamma also induces both class I and class II antigens on endothelial cells. The induction of these major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens does not explain the protective effect: timewise, the protection is complete already within 24 h after addition of IFN gamma to endothelial cell culture, whereas the induction of MHC antigens peaks at 72 h, and antibodies against these antigens are not able to abolish the protective effect. PMID- 3144456 TI - A VH gene is located within 95 Kb of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region genes. AB - Using cosmids covering about 117 Kb upstream of the human immunoglobulin chain C mu gene, we have identified a potentially functional VH gene, belonging to the VHVI subgroup. This VHVI gene is only about 95 Kb from the C mu gene and is probably the first functional VH segment of the Igh locus. These results illustrate the proximity of the human VH, DH and JH segments involved in creation of the complete heavy chain genes. PMID- 3144457 TI - CD4+CD8+ thymocytes develop into CD4 or CD8 single-positive cells in athymic nude mice. AB - A differentiation pathway from CD4+CD8+ cells to CD4+CD8- or CD4-CD8+ cells was investigated in athymic nude mice. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorter, CD4+CD8+ cells were sorted out from AKR thymocytes (H-2k, Thy-1.1) stained with two monoclonal antibodies against CD4 and CD8 (anti-L3T4 and anti-Ly-2). These CD4+CD8+ AKR thymocytes were injected i.v. into CBA or C3H nude mice (H-2k, Thy 1.2) which had received 650 rads and had been reconstituted with syngeneic nude bone marrow cells. The lymph node cells of the nude recipients at 4 wks post thymocyte transfer were shown to contain 50% AKR-derived Thy-1.1+ cells. The majority of the Thy-1.1+ cells were found to express either CD4 or CD8 alone but not to express both CD4 and CD8. These findings indicate that CD4+CD8+ thymocytes can develop into CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8+ single-positive cells in extrathymic tissues. PMID- 3144458 TI - Antigen recognition by H-2-restricted cytolytic T lymphocytes: inhibition of cytolysis by anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies depends upon both concentration and primary sequence of peptide antigen. AB - While it is generally agreed that the specificity of the interaction between cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and their target cells is controlled mainly by antigen-specific T cell receptors (TcR), the molecular role of cell surface CD8 molecules in this interaction is less well understood. In the present study we have reinvestigated the apparent contribution of CD8 molecules to the overall avidity of interaction between CTL and their targets by using a recently developed system of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted CTL clones that recognize defined peptide antigens. We demonstrate that under conditions where the density of MHC, TcR and accessory molecules remains constant, the susceptibility of CD8+ CTL to inhibition of cytolysis by anti-CD8 antibodies is highly dependent upon the concentration and primary structure of the peptide antigen. Although the precise role of the CD8 molecule remains unknown, our results are compatible with models that suggest its contribution to the overall avidity of the CTL-target cell interaction particularly in cases where the affinity between the TcR and antigen-MHC is low. PMID- 3144459 TI - Effects of aging on the pituitary-thyroid axis in the dog. AB - The effects of advancing age on basal serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and thyrotropin (TSH), on T4 responses to TSH, and on TSH responses to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) were studied in beagle dogs. A total of 27 female dogs belonging to four age-groups were used: prepubertal (11.4 +/- 0.2 (SD) weeks), adult (2.1 +/- 0.3 years), middle-aged (6.5 +/- 0.2 years), and old (12.4 +/- 0.3 years). There was no significant difference between serum T4 concentrations of prepubertal (4.3 +/- 0.1 microgram/dl, mean +/- SE) and adult dogs (4.1 +/- 0.1 microgram/dl). Also, the decreases between adulthood and middle age (16.01%) and between middle age and old age (23.5%) were not significant, but serum T4 levels in the old dogs (2.6 +/- 0.2 micrograms/dl) were significantly (p less than 0.01) lower than those in the adult dogs. Serum cortisol levels showed a progressive increase with advancing age and were significantly higher in old animals (20.1 +/ 2.4 ng/ml) compared to those in the adults (13.4 +/- 1.2 ng/ml). There were no significant differences in serum TSH concentrations among the four age-groups. A single i.v. injection of TSH (0.15 IU/kg B.W.) raised serum T4 levels in the prepubertal animals by more than 45% in 1 h and by more than 100% in 2 h. T4 responses to TSH in the adult dogs were similar to those in the prepubertal dogs but were greatly delayed and subdued in the middle-aged and old animals. A single i.v. injection of TRH (5 micrograms/kg B.W.) increased serum TSH levels in the prepubertal animals by more than 120% in 15 min. These increases were less in the adult (74.8%) and middle-aged (21.3%) animals, and a significant increase (24.6%) in the old animals did not occur until 30 min after TRH treatment. This study demonstrates that, with advancing age, marked alterations occur in the regulation of the T4-TSH system in the dog. PMID- 3144460 TI - Age-related change in the multiple unit activity of the rat brain parietal cortex and the effect of centrophenoxine. AB - In this study, spontaneous multiple unit activity (MUA, action potentials derived simultaneously from a number of neurons in a given brain region) was recorded through electrodes chronically implanted in the parietal cerebral cortex of the rats of 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 26 months of age (cross-sectional study). Electrophysiological recordings were obtained from unrestrained conscious rats using standard techniques. The results indicated that multiple unit activity was decreased with aging (senescence). Maximum firing rate (MUA counts) was found at the age of 3 months. At 6 months of age, the MUA was decreased by about 30%, while during 6 to 12 months of age the activity seemed to remain unchanged. At 26 months of age the firing rate was, however, further decreased (about 40%). Centrophenoxine administration led to an increase in MUA in the rats of 12 and 26 months of age. The results, thus, further showed that centrophenoxine, a nootropic drug known for its antiaging effects in experimental animals as well as in humans, also manifested beneficial effects electrophysiologically. The data presented in this work are new and significant, since although age effects on gross electrophysiological signals (EEG, evoked potentials, etc.) are known, the aging changes in cellular level electrophysiological signals (action potentials) have not been generally studied particularly in conscious animals. PMID- 3144461 TI - [Metastasis of lingual carcinomas induced in hamsters. 1. Ultrastructural investigation]. PMID- 3144462 TI - [Clinical experience of the CO2 laser in case of oral tumor]. PMID- 3144463 TI - The guanine-nucleotide binding proteins. EMBO-NATO-CEC advanced research workshop organized by L. Bosch, B. Kraal and A. Parmeggiani in Renesse, The Netherlands, August 6-11, 1988. PMID- 3144464 TI - Characterization of the kinetics of neural cell adhesion molecule homophilic binding. AB - A solid-phase assay has been developed for the investigation of the kinetics of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) binding. Using this assay we can show that NCAM binds to itself in a time-dependent and saturable manner. Binding constants (KB values) of 6.9 x 10(-8) M and 1.23 x 10(-6) M, respectively, were obtained for adult and newborn rat NCAM homophilic binding. Binding is specifically inhibited by Fab' fragments of polyclonal anti-NCAM antibodies but is unaffected by heparin or chondroitin sulphate. This indicates that the NCAM homophilic binding site is separate from and independent of the heparin-binding site and that a developmental modification, probably polysialation, gives rise to marked differences in the adhesive properties of NCAM. PMID- 3144465 TI - The effects of vascular smooth muscle caldesmon on force production by 'desensitised' skeletal muscle fibres. AB - Smooth muscle caldesmon inhibits actomyosin MgATPase in the absence of Ca2+ and is the key regulatory component of Ca2+-regulated thin filaments. We now show that caldesmon can affect contractility as well. Glycerinated skeletal muscle fibres were treated so as to produce substantial contractions without Ca2+ as an activator. Addition of caldesmon caused reductions in force in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Perfusion with caldesmon concentration for less than 5 min gave up to 48% reduction in isometric tension with a half-maximal effect at 1.5 micron caldesmon. Perfusion with 15 microM caldesmon for 30 min gave an irreversible tension drop. PMID- 3144466 TI - An endogenous ligand for the central sulfonylurea receptor. AB - An endogenous ligand for the rat central sulfonylurea receptor has been evidenced in the rat central nervous system. The characteristics of this ligand (extractibility, non-dialysability, chromatographic behaviour on different media, sensitivity to proteases) indicate that it is a neutral to slightly basic peptide. PMID- 3144467 TI - Follicular atresia associated with concurrent initiation of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist and follicle-stimulating hormone for oocyte recruitment. AB - The ability of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) to cause an initial stimulation of serum gonadotropins was used for follicular recruitment for in vitro fertilization (IVF) in 12 patients with a history of low estradiol (E2) response to conventional gonadotropin stimulation. Stimulation was initiated on cycle day 3 with concurrent administration of leuprolide (1 mg/day subcutaneously) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH, 4 ampules/day intramuscularly). An 8-fold increase in basal serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and a 4-fold increase in basal serum FSH was seen on cycle day 4. Serum progesterone levels rose significantly by day 6. When compared to prior IVF attempts in these patients, the mean day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration and corresponding E2 levels were not significantly different. More atretic oocytes and fewer preovulatory oocytes were retrieved using GnRHa, and no increase was seen in total oocytes retrieved. One patient was canceled for poor E2 response, and one patient conceived, with a current viable pregnancy. It is concluded that concurrent initiation of leuprolide and FSH stimulation on cycle day 3 in patients with prior low response does not improve oocyte recruitment, and the high LH environment generated from initial stimulation of the agonist may be detrimental to normal oocyte development. PMID- 3144468 TI - Induction of spermatogenesis in thalassaemia. AB - In an attempt to induce or to augment pubertal development and to achieve spermatogenesis, 10 gonadotropin-deficient thalassemic patients 15 to 23 years of age (mean 18.9 years) were treated with exogenous gonadotropins for 1 to 4 years (mean 2.1 years). Seven patients produced sperm during human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) treatment given for 6 to 14 months. However, full spermatogenesis was achieved only when human menopausal gonadotropin was added to hCG regimen. In one patient, despite cessation of gonadotropin treatment, sexual potency, libido, and spermatogenetic capacity were maintained during the past 2 1/2 years. Our study indicates that it is possible to induce or to restore spermatogenesis in the majority of thalassemic patients and that gonadotrope cells may not be irreversibly damaged by iron deposition. PMID- 3144469 TI - Transient liver function tests abnormalities in OHSS. PMID- 3144470 TI - Postheparin plasma diamine oxidase in subjects with small bowel disease. Diagnostic efficiency of a simplified test. AB - Diamine oxidase (DAO) is an enzyme located almost exclusively in the villus tip enterocytes of mammals. Its plasma activity, normally very low, is enhanced by intravenous heparin that releases the enzyme from the enterocytes into the blood. Postheparin plasma DAO (PHD) values have been shown to be significantly reduced in patients with malabsorption and villus atrophy and in patients with Crohn's disease, thus suggesting that this test explores the mucosal integrity. The execution of the PHD test requires 8 blood samples over a period of 120 min after an intravenous injection of 15,000 IU of heparin, and then the calculation of the area under the curve. The aim of this study was to simplify the test and make it more acceptable by choosing only one of the eight curve points required for the calculation of the area under the curve and then assessing its discriminant power in different small bowel diseases. To this end, a discriminant analysis was performed on PHD curves of 16 normal subjects, 25 patients with celiac disease, 14 patients with treated celiac disease, 5 patients with diffuse primary small bowel lymphoma, 4 patients with small bowel lymphoma during treatment, and 55 patients with small bowel Crohn's disease. Plasma DAO values assayed 1 h (T60) after the injection of 15,000 IU of heparin proved to be the best discriminator curve point and the use of the T60 point alone may be usefully employed instead of the area under the 120-min curve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144471 TI - [Role of structures of the left and right hemispheres in the perception of the prosodic characteristics of speech (clinico-experimental study)]. PMID- 3144472 TI - [Cryptosporidiosis in children with gastroenteritis hospitalized and treated as outpatients in Barquisimeto]. PMID- 3144473 TI - [Ultrasonography of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 3144474 TI - [Histoplasmosis of the anal canal. Report of a case]. PMID- 3144475 TI - [Malaria for gastroenterologists]. PMID- 3144476 TI - [Usefulness of fine-needle aspiration puncture cytology in focal liver lesions]. PMID- 3144477 TI - [The induction of auxotrophic mutations for riboflavin by the integration of plasmid pLRS33 into the chromosome of Bacillus subtilis]. AB - The transformation of Bacillus subtilis Lys- strains with plasmid pLRS33 containing pBR322 and the Bac. subtilis chromosomal fragment carrying the genes for lysin biosynthesis and the riboflavin operon regulatory operator region (ribO) leads to the appearance of Rib- mutants. It was shown that these mutants contained long deletions covering a great portion of the riboflavin operon. PMID- 3144478 TI - A family of immunologically related transcription factors that includes multiple forms of ATF and AP-1. AB - ATF is a cellular transcription factor involved in the regulation of multiple adenovirus E1A- and cellular cAMP-inducible promoters. Using DNA affinity chromatography, we have purified ATF and found that a series of polypeptides copurify in a sequence-specific manner. We demonstrate that these polypeptides represent a family of proteins that are related by DNA-binding specificity and by immunological cross-reactivity. This family includes the transcription factor AP 1, whose recognition sequence, GTGAGTCAA, differs from the ATF consensus, GTGACGTCAA, by the absence of a cytosine residue. Our results further indicate that there are multiple forms of both ATF and AP-1. The immunological cross reactivity and related DNA-binding specificities suggest that ATF and AP-1 contain similar amino acid sequences and may have originated from a common gene. PMID- 3144479 TI - Observations on the extent and temporal stability of latitudinal clines for alcohol dehydrogenase allozymes and four chromosome inversions in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Previously we have presented evidence of large-scale latitudinal clines in the frequencies of four chromosome inversions and alleles at six enzyme loci in populations of D. melanogaster in Australasia, Asia and North America. Subsequent sampling by others in Japan and western U.S.A. has failed to repeat this observation for the steepest of the clines (alcohol dehydrogenase and the four chromosome inversions). We argue that this failure reflects the few populations and small latitudinal range sampled in these later studies. From extensive sampling over a long latitudinal transect in Australasia we here document Adh and inversion clines which are virtually identical to those originally obtained in different Australian populations four years earlier. We also repeat our observation that the Adh cline is largely independent of the cline in the linked inversion In(2L)t. We therefore retain our original conclusion that these polymorphisms are subject to natural selection. However the new Australasian data do not indicate an association between Adh and maximum rainfall which had been evident in the earlier data for Australasia, Asia and North America. We therefore retract our claim that the selective agent on Adh is related to rainfall. PMID- 3144480 TI - [Mutagenic activity of various substituted 1,3-dioxanes]. PMID- 3144481 TI - [The developmental process of tongue carcinoma induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1 oxide (4NQO)in rats]. PMID- 3144482 TI - [Induction of tongue carcinoma in the rats by oral administration of 4 nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) solution. The incidence and morphological characteristics]. PMID- 3144483 TI - An intraoral paralleling instrument. PMID- 3144484 TI - Late results of the treatment of medical capsulo-ligamentous traumatic injuries of the ankle joint. PMID- 3144485 TI - Age related characteristics of blood gases in healthy subjects. PMID- 3144486 TI - Reference values of age-independent lung parameters in healthy 7-10-14 year old boys. PMID- 3144487 TI - On rats' umbilical blood vessels ultrastructure following administration of progesterone during pregnancy. PMID- 3144488 TI - Protein composition of two strains of Leptospira at different stages of their development. PMID- 3144489 TI - On the taxonomy of some pathogenic and saprophytic leptospires. PMID- 3144490 TI - Psychodiagnostics of neuroses and depressions. PMID- 3144491 TI - An investigation of the circadian rhythm of mood in healthy individuals using our own questionnaire and that of H. Hampp. PMID- 3144492 TI - Clinical and laboratory investigation of the plaque-reducing effect of a fluoride containing toothpaste and an electrophoretic toothbrush. PMID- 3144493 TI - Experimental characterisation of the withdrawal syndrome after 14 days treatment with clonazepam. PMID- 3144494 TI - Dynamic study of respiratory functions in tobacco workers. PMID- 3144495 TI - A study of the blood-gases and acid-base status in patients with acute myocardial infarction according to its location. PMID- 3144496 TI - A family study of rheumatic fever. PMID- 3144497 TI - Changes in the compensatory-adaptation reaction of the body under physical exertion in patients with hyperthyroidism. PMID- 3144498 TI - A histological study of prenatal growth of the thymus in humans. PMID- 3144499 TI - Morbidity risk and genetic interrelationships in the clinical forms of affective disorders. PMID- 3144500 TI - The interrelationship between type of circadian rhythm, its stability and the temperament. PMID- 3144501 TI - The administration of a new protein product-Renomix-in an experimental model of chronic renal insufficiency in rats. PMID- 3144502 TI - Changes in the activity of some liver drug-metabolizing enzymes during and after prolonged application of diphenylhydantoin. PMID- 3144503 TI - Experimental study of the cholagogic and choleretic actions of essential oils extracted from locally grown and introduced plants. PMID- 3144504 TI - Changes in brain haemodynamics induced by light-chain fatty acids. PMID- 3144505 TI - Prostheses for multi-rooted teeth having badly damaged parodontium. PMID- 3144506 TI - Ludiomil in parkinsonism (EMG and clinical study). PMID- 3144507 TI - Interrelationship between growth cartilage structures in prenatal osteogenesis. PMID- 3144508 TI - Anticonvulsive prophylaxis of traumatic epilepsy in childhood. PMID- 3144510 TI - Chlamydia infect the placenta less often than gonococci. PMID- 3144509 TI - Characterisation by plasmid profiles, serogroups, and auxotypes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Harare, Zimbabwe. AB - (ABSTRACTOne hundred and fifty five strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were regrown from 216 freeze dried cultures originally isolated in Zimbabwe. The gonococci were from men (61 strains) and women (39 strains) attending a referral sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic, from women presenting for delivery at hospital with signs of sepsis (22 strains) or with an asymptomatic infection (16 strains), and from babies with ophthalmia neonatorum (17 strains). Seventy five of the 100 isolates from STD clinic patients and 29 of the 55 isolates from hospital patients were penicillinase producing N gonorrhoeae (PPNG). Two thirds of all PPNG strains contained the 24.5 megadalton conjugative plasmid. The 3.2 megadalton resistance plasmid, usually associated with PPNG strains originating in Africa, was present in only one third of the PPNG strains. The 2.6 megadalton cryptic plasmid was present in all strains. Prototrophic and proline requiring auxotypes predominated in both PPNG and non-PPNG strains. Arginine requiring auxotypes were found in four of the 16 isolates from asymptomatic women, whereas three of the 22 strains from women with puerperal sepsis and four of the 61 strains from men with urethritis required both proline and arginine. Fifty eight out of 66 PPNG strains with the 4.4 megadalton plasmid required proline compared with 22/38 PPNG strains with the 3.2 megadalton plasmid and 20 of the 51 non-PPNG strains. Three quarters (38/51) of non-PPNG strains belonged to serogroup WII/III as did 42/66 PPNG strains with the 4.4 megadalton plasmid but only 10/38 PPNG strains with the 3.2 megadalton plasmid. In all, 23 different strain types could be recognized on the basis of plasmid content, auxotype, and serogroup. There was, however, a high degree of homogeneity between PPNG and non-PPNG isolates. PMID- 3144511 TI - [Immunoglobulin bound LDH isozyme detected in normal human whole saliva]. PMID- 3144512 TI - [Cheek pouch epithelial cell proliferation induced by DMBA application and incorporation of BrdU]. PMID- 3144513 TI - Eosinophil granule proteins in serum after allergen challenge of asthmatic patients and the effects of anti-asthmatic medication. AB - Thirteen allergic asthmatic patients were challenged six times each and serum levels of ECP (eosinophil cationic protein), EPX (eosinophil protein-x) and blood counts of eosinophil granulocytes were measured in blood obtained before and at regular intervals after challenge. Three challenges were performed in a blinded and randomized fashion and included a one-dose pretreatment with the inhalant anti-asthmatic drugs disodium cromoglycate, terbutaline and budesonide. One challenge was performed after 4 weeks' pretreatment with the inhalant budesonide and one was a histamine challenge. Pre-challenge levels of ECP were significantly reduced both after 4 weeks and after a one-dose treatment with budesonide whereas the EPX levels were reduced only after the former. Blood eosinophil counts were unaffected by the challenge whereas the ECP levels were significantly reduced after the placebo challenge and when premedicated with disodium cromoglycate and terbutaline. The EPX levels stayed unaltered at the placebo challenge but were significantly reduced when the patients were premedicated with terbutaline. ECP and EPX levels as well as blood eosinophil counts before challenge were significantly related to the development of the late asthmatic reaction. The results again focus on a relation between the eosinophil granulocyte and asthma and suggest that an increased activity of the blood eosinophil, as suggested by the raised serum levels of the granule proteins ECP and EPX, is one prerequisite for the development of chronic asthma. PMID- 3144514 TI - Different cascade filtration operating modalities in clinical use. AB - Cascade filtration (CF) can be performed in either the single-pass or dead-end configuration. The distinction, as predicted by experimental models, is that solute removal is lower but constant in the former, and higher but variable with the quantity of filtrate in the latter. Moreover, unpredictable plugging reduces permeability during operation. It is therefore unclear which configuration is preferable in clinical use. In four cryo- and three macroglobulinemic patients, the data of 10 dead-end CF (QP) and 11 modified single-pass CF with high flow rate recycling plasma (QD) were compared. Both groups had similar starting values. Centrifugal primary plasma separation was performed. No exogenous reinfusions were used. Either 0.8 and 1.2 sq.m. surface secondary filters were employed. The ratio of plasma processed to patients' plasma volume was 1.1 +/- 0.3 in QP, and 0.94 +/- 0.09 in QD. The mean percentage removals of albumin, IgG and IgM respectively were 25.8 +/- 9, 32 +/- 17 and 47.5 +/- 26% in QP, 30.5 +/- 12, 40.5 +/- 19 and 48 +/- 17.5% in QD: albumin vs IgM p less than 0.025 in QP and p less than 0.02 in QD. A/G ratio increased from 1.6 +/- 0.5 to 2.06 +/- 0.6 in QP, and from 1.5 +/- 0.3 to 1.7 +/- 0.3 in QD. Plugging occurred in both groups, requiring 2.3 +/- 1.8 washouts/run in QP vs 1.5 +/- 1.2 in QD. IgM removal was comparable. Removal of albumin and IgG was slightly higher in QD. Similar performances can be obtained with either technique in clinical use, provided an adequate fractionation surface is available. PMID- 3144515 TI - Continuous course of megavoltage radiotherapy for carcinoma of the prostate. AB - Between 1978 and 1983, 55 patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate (38 with Stage C and 17 with Stage D) were treated with external beam MeV radiotherapy. In 29 patients radiotherapy was the first treatment modality, and 26 patients had previously received hormonal therapy. Both treatment modalities were continued simultaneously for Stage D and bulky Stage C of the disease. Severe urodynamic problems were the main treatment indications for patients with Stage D carcinoma. The treatment consisted of two courses each of 25 gray (Gy) whole pelvic irradiation, interrupted for 2 weeks to deliver a rotation field to the prostate at a dose of 20 Gy. Patients have been followed for a minimum of 36 months. For patients with Stage C disease the overall 3-year survival was 80%, with 55% disease-free survival. Palliative irradiation for Stage D prostatic carcinoma improves the quality of life and probably the survival rate. Acute minor complications were observed in 49% of the patients, and chronic complications occurred in 14% of the patients. The described MeV technique is well tolerated and effective for Stage C as well as for Stage D prostatic cancer patients. PMID- 3144516 TI - Leptomeningeal metastases--treatment results in 98 consecutive patients. AB - We report 98 consecutive patients with leptomeningeal metastases from lymphoma and other solid tumors. Of 90 who had non-CNS primary tumors, 71 had a life expectancy of at least 2 months from their systemic disease and were treated according to a protocol including radiotherapy to the symptomatic areas of the CNS and chemotherapeutic agents (usually MTX) administered into the CSF. Eight patients with meningeal spread from CNS tumors received craniospinal irradiation and/or systemic or intra-CSF chemotherapy. Of those treated according to the protocol, 30 had lymphoma, 25 of whom achieved a CR and 4 a PR; 27 had breast carcinoma, 9 of whom achieved a CR and 6 a PR; 14 had other solid tumors, 7 of whom achieved a CR and 2 a PR. Median survival was 8 months (range 1 to 87+) in patients with lymphoma and 3 months (range 1 to 40) in breast carcinoma patients. Long-term survivors were seen in these groups. Treatment complications occurred in 30% of patients, resulting in 4 deaths. The indications for aggressive therapy of leptomeningeal metastases and means to reduce its toxicity are discussed. PMID- 3144517 TI - Effect of protein kinase C inhibitors on calcium ionophore-induced arachidonic acid mobilization in human leukocytes. AB - Arachidonic acid mobilization in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187 was amplified by synthetic diacylglycerol and, to a much lesser extent, by phorbol ester. The effect was synergistic and dependent upon influx of calcium ions. Thin layer chromatographic analysis of phospholipids of stimulated cells revealed a loss of arachidonic acid associated with phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine. The synergistic response was unaffected by treatment of cells with two inhibitors of protein kinase C, namely, polymyxin B and 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine. Moreover, both agents consistently augmented the cellular response to A23187 alone. These findings suggest that A23187-induced arachidonic acid mobilization in leukocytes is independent of protein kinase C activity. PMID- 3144518 TI - Intravenous therapy at home: an overview. PMID- 3144519 TI - Nursing implications for home parenteral therapy. PMID- 3144520 TI - Legislation and future trends in long-term care coverage. PMID- 3144521 TI - Neonatal Neospora caninum infection in dogs: isolation of the causative agent and experimental transmission. AB - Neospora caninum infection was diagnosed in 5 young dogs from 2 litters with a common parentage. The pups were born healthy, but developed hind limb paresis 5 to 8 weeks after birth. The predominant lesions were polyradiculoneuritis and granulomatous polymyositis. Neospora caninum was seen microscopically in sections of naturally infected pups, and was isolated in cell cultures, mice, and dogs inoculated with infected canine tissues. Antibodies to N caninum were detected in sera of infected dogs by indirect fluorescent antibody test. PMID- 3144522 TI - Polyamine inhibitors in antimicrobial chemotherapy. PMID- 3144523 TI - The effect of media on antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - We have investigated the effect of four different media on the results of susceptibility tests for clinical and reference strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Diagnostic Sensitivity Test (DST) agar supplemented with 5% lysed horse blood and 1% IsoVitaleX was regarded as the 'standard' and three other media were compared with it--DST plus 5% lysed blood, GC agar supplemented with 1% IsoVitaleX and Proteose agar plus 1% haemoglobin and 1% IsoVitaleX. We found no significant differences between the two DST media when testing penicillin, cefuroxime, tetracycline or erythromycin. Proteose agar compared well with the 'standard' for all antibiotics except erythromycin for which MICs were significantly increased. GC agar showed the poorest agreement with the 'standard' medium. Gonococci appeared more sensitive to tetracycline and less sensitive to erythromycin on this medium. The use of GC agar did not significantly affect susceptibilities to the beta-lactam agents tested, although MICs measured on GC agar did tend to be higher than on the 'standard' DST medium. PMID- 3144524 TI - Effect of ciprofloxacin in an in-vitro pharmacokinetic model against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated during cystic fibrosis lung infection. AB - An in-vitro pharmacokinetic model was used to simulate ciprofloxacin concentrations in serum observed in vivo following oral doses of 250, 500 and 750 mg, in a culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the sputum of a cystic fibrosis patient. In the 12 h interval following each dose, a period of bactericidal activity was observed, succeeded by bacteriostasis and subsequent bacterial regrowth. In all cases bacterial regrowth was first observed when the ciprofloxacin concentration in the culture flask of the dynamic model fell below the MIC. For the three doses investigated, the surviving bacteria at the end of each 12-h dosing interval showed an increase in MIC compared with that of the culture before ciprofloxacin exposure. The post-antibiotic effect of ciprofloxacin against P. aeruginosa was observed for 1-5 h, and was dose related. PMID- 3144525 TI - In-vitro and in-vivo bacterocodal interactions of clindamycin and ceftazidime, by non-beta-lactamase mechanisms, in experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa endocarditis caused by a constitutive beta-lactamase overproducing strain. AB - We studied a ceftazidime-resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA-48) stably-derepressed for constitutive beta-lactamase overproduction, and its ceftazidime-susceptible parent (PA-96) in order to characterize the ability of clindamycin to: (1) enhance the in-vitro and in-vivo bactericidal activities of ceftazidime for PA-48; and (2) prevent beta-lactamase induction and spontaneous mutation to the derepressed state by the parental strain (PA-96). In vitro, clindamycin synergistically enhanced the bactericidal activity of ceftazidime vs PA-48. In the experimental aortic endocarditis model, the combination of clindamycin with ceftazidime significantly reduced mean intravegetation bacterial densities of PA-48 versus ceftazidime monotherapy and untreated controls at therapy days 6 and 11 (P less than 0.05). Exposure of growing PA-48 cells to clindamycin did not interfere with the hydrolytic function of extracted periplasmic beta-lactamase. Moreover, clindamycin did not suppress cefoxitin mediated beta-lactamase induction in the parental strain (PA-96). In vitro, clindamycin prevented spontaneous mutation of PA-96 to the stably-derepressed state for beta-lactamase overproduction and also enhanced reversion of derepressed cells of PA-48 to the ceftazidime-susceptible parental phenotype by approximately 2 log10 cfu/ml. This latter effect was mirrored in vivo during clindamycin+ ceftazidime therapy of experimental endocarditis due to strain PA 48, as the proportion of ceftazidime-susceptible cells with vegetations increased by approximately 1-1.5 log10 cfu/g, versus untreated controls or ceftazidime monotherapy recipients. After clindamycin treatment ceased, vegetations contained predominantly ceftazidime-resistant variants. Clindamycin appeared to enhance bactericidal effects of ceftazidime vs PA-48 through non-beta-lactamase mechanisms probably involving promotion and maintenance of spontaneous reversion to the fully-repressed state. However, the concentrations of clindamycin required to achieve these effects are unlikely to be sustained at normal therapeutic dosage. PMID- 3144527 TI - Fleroxacin, a long acting fluoroquinolone with broad spectrum activity. International Congress of Chemotherapy. Istanbul, Turkey, 19-24 July 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3144526 TI - Selection of resistance by piperacillin during Pseudomonas aeruginosa endocarditis. AB - The mechanisms responsible for emergence of resistance during antimicrobial therapy were investigated in isolates obtained from a patient suffering from Pseudomonas aeruginosa endocarditis. The strain was first isolated from blood cultures obtained upon admission of the patient. It was sensitive to piperacillin, ticarcillin and tobramycin. Piperacillin-tobramycin therapy was therefore instituted and led to a rapid improvement of the patient's condition. Unfortunately, the patient subsequently became febrile again and blood cultures continued to yield P. aeruginosa. However, the organism isolated was now resistant to piperacillin and other penicillins tested. Cell-free extracts of the pre- and post-therapy isolates were analyzed for their beta-lactamase activity. The susceptible pre-therapy strain did not produce significant levels of beta lactamase. In contrast, the post-therapy strain produced high levels of the enzyme. Induction experiments indicated that the production of beta-lactamase was constitutive in the post-therapy isolate. Thus, piperacillin therapy has led to the selection of resistant mutants which produced high levels of beta-lactamase constitutively. This was associated with relapse of the infection and therapeutic failure. PMID- 3144528 TI - The penetration of fleroxacin into intra-abdominal abscesses. AB - Using a recently developed, low mortality model of an intra-abdominal abscess in the Wistar rat, we have studied the penetration of fleroxacin into the abscess. Maximum serum concentration was 1.83 +/- 0.39 mg l and occurred 1 h after iv injection (20 mg/kg), but even at 4 h after administration the mean serum level was 1.21 +/- 0.27 mg/l. By contrast, levels in pus were 6.27 +/- 0.83 mg/l at 1 h rising steadily to a value of 12.7 +/- 3.69 mg/l at 4 h. The study has confirmed exceptional antibiotic penetration into the abscess, with levels at all time intervals between 0.5 and 8 h after administration in excess of the MIC50 for Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Clostridium perfringens. PMID- 3144529 TI - Comparative studies of fleroxacin and ofloxacin in experimental pyelonephritis. AB - Two quinolones, fleroxacin and ofloxacin were used as oral treatment in a model of experimental pyelonephritis in rats. The infecting strains were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Compared to untreated control rats, the rats treated with the quinolones showed a great reduction in bacterial counts in kidney tissue and urine. At lower dosages, fleroxacin had a greater bacterial killing effect than ofloxacin. PMID- 3144530 TI - Comparative activities of norfloxacin and fleroxacin in experimental infections due to Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. AB - Norfloxacin and fleroxacin displayed similar in-vitro activity against test strains of Escherichia coli (MIC 0.06 mg/l) and Salmonella typhimurium (0.125 mg/l). Septicaemic infection of mice with E. coli could be almost cured by quinolones but not by ampicillin. Fleroxacin was more potent than norfloxacin. Infection of mice with S. typhimurium was much more difficult to treat. In spite of higher doses the bacterial counts remained at a considerable level. Again, fleroxacin was more active in vivo than norfloxacin. PMID- 3144531 TI - Therapeutic effect of fleroxacin against experimental pneumonia in mice. AB - Fleroxacin is a newly developed quinolone derivative with marked antimicrobial activity. In this study, we have compared the therapeutic effects of fleroxacin with those of ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, pipemidic acid and cefaclor against pneumonia in mice caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Fleroxacin showed a high therapeutic effect against the experimental pneumonia with an ED50 of 3.4 mg/kg/day, after three times a day oral administration. It was about twice as effective as ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin and more than 15 times more active than norfloxacin. Once or twice a day administration of fleroxacin also showed outstanding therapeutic effects. PMID- 3144532 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics and tolerance of fleroxacin in healthy male volunteers. AB - The tolerance and pharmacokinetics of fleroxacin were studied in healthy male adult volunteers. The peak serum concentrations of unchanged fleroxacin were about 1.5, 3 and 5 mg/l at 1-2 h after single oral doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg, respectively. The apparent serum elimination half-life was about 10 h, independent of the dose. Fleroxacin, demethyl fleroxacin and fleroxacin N-oxide excreted in urine over 3 days accounted for about 75%, 5% and 5%, respectively, of the doses. The urine concentrations of unchanged drug were dose-related; the mean concentrations, sustained over 24 h, were about 50, 100 and 150 mg/l after 100, 200 and 400 mg doses, respectively. Food intake did not significantly influence the serum concentration and urinary excretion. Steady state serum concentrations were achieved from day 3 onwards by repeated doses of twice-a-day dosage regimen and were 2-4 and 5-9 mg/l after 200 and 400 mg bid, respectively. The mean concentrations of unchanged drug in urine were about 200 and 300 mg/l at the respective dosages. The pattern of urinary metabolites was not changed by repeated doses and 90% of repeat doses was recovered in urine, including metabolites. The serum protein binding of fleroxacin was 32%. The saliva concentration was 40% of the total serum concentration or 60% of the free serum concentration. The faecal recovery over 3 days was 3% of the dose following a single 200 mg dose after a meal. The unchanged drug concentrations in faeces during 400 mg repeated dosing were 100-150 mg/kg. No severe dose-related side effects were observed during the study. PMID- 3144533 TI - Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of fleroxacin. AB - Pharmacokinetics of fleroxacin following single and multiple dosing were studied in healthy male volunteers. The characteristics of this new trifluorinated quinolone are the long elimination half-life of approximately 10 h and the high plasma concentrations, which exceed 2 mg/l after an oral dose of 200 mg. These two parameters are a prerequisite for a once daily dosage regimen. A good linear relationship (r = 0.998) was found between administered doses (100-2500 mg) and resulting AUC values. The volume of distribution (Vss) exceeded 1 l/kg and reflects the good tissue penetration. Renal clearance of unbound drug was 104 ml/min and within three days 56% of the dose could be recovered from urine as unchanged drug. Multiple dosing of 800 or 1200 mg fleroxacin once daily over ten days resulted in an accumulation of the drug in the plasma by a factor of 1.4. This value is in agreement with the theoretically predicted accumulation and thus non-linear, time-dependent pharmacokinetics can be excluded. The administered tablets were completely bioavailable (F = 1.0) and a significant first pass metabolism can therefore be excluded. PMID- 3144534 TI - Pharmacokinetics and body fluid penetration of fleroxacin in healthy volunteers. AB - The pharmacokinetics of fleroxacin after oral administration of 400 mg fleroxacin in twelve healthy volunteers were investigated. All drug analysis was carried out by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic analysis was done by non-compartmental methods. We found that fleroxacin achieves high plasma levels of 5.2 +/- 1.1 mg/l after 1.2 +/- 0.7 h. The high AUC-value of 60.4 +/- 8.4 mg.h/l is the result of complete absorption and the long half-life of 10.8 +/- 1.6 h. The total, renal and non-renal clearance of fleroxacin were 107.9 +/- 15.1, 67.6 +/- 11.8 and 40.3 +/- 14.5 ml/min respectively. The volume of distribution Vd beta/F was 101.4 +/- 21.9 or 1.32 +/- 0.28 l/kg. Fleroxacin penetrated well into saliva (66%), nasal secretions (223%), tears (69%) and sweat (43%). On the basis of these findings once a day administration deserves consideration in the further clinical development of fleroxacin. PMID- 3144535 TI - Metabolism of fleroxacin in man. AB - The metabolism of fleroxacin was studied in 12 healthy volunteers by use of a newly developed high pressure liquid chromatographic assay. Desmethylfleroxacin and fleroxacin N-oxide were identified as the major metabolites of fleroxacin in plasma and urine. The maximum concentrations of fleroxacin, desmethylfleroxacin and fleroxacin N-oxide in plasma were 5.2 +/- 1.1, 0.0683 +/- 0.0151 and 0.0634 +/- 0.0090 mg/l reached at 1.2 +/- 0.7 h, 2.2 +/- 0.8 h and 6.2 +/- 2.4 h respectively (one subject excluded from analysis). The plasma AUC was between 1.0 and 2.6 mg.h/l for either metabolite and between 47.9 and 75.1 mg.h/l for the parent compound. The terminal half-life of desmethylfleroxacin was higher than that of unchanged fleroxacin and similar to the half-life of fleroxacin N-oxide. In urine unchanged fleroxacin, desmethylfleroxacin and fleroxacin N-oxide accounted for 59.9%, 6.8% and 6.3% of the dose of fleroxacin. The renal clearance of fleroxacin, desmethylfleroxacin and fleroxacin N-oxide were 67.6, 300.9 and 324.8 ml/min respectively. We conclude that demethylation and N-oxidation of fleroxacin affects the distribution and elimination characteristics significantly. Renal clearance increased, and it is suggested that the volume of distribution may increase also. PMID- 3144536 TI - In-vitro activity of fleroxacin compared with three other quinolones. AB - The in-vitro activity of fleroxacin (Ro23-6240), a new synthetic quinolone, was compared with that of three other quinolones against 665 clinical isolates of aerobic bacteria by the agar dilution technique. Fleroxacin showed similar activity to norfloxacin, enoxacin and pefloxacin against most isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseria meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae, Haemophilis influenzae, Staphylococcus spp. and streptococcus faecalis. Fleroxacin was the most active quinolone against Enterobacter spp. Fleroxacin was not as active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but the MIC90 (4 mg/l) is still below the reported peak serum level after a standard oral dose of 400 mg. PMID- 3144537 TI - The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of fleroxacin in healthy subjects. AB - A 400 mg dose of fleroxacin was administered orally to six healthy male volunteers. Concentrations of fleroxacin and the N-demethyl and N-oxide metabolites were determined in serum and urine by HPLC. The serum metabolite levels were negligible. The N-oxide metabolite was measured in the serum of five subjects but did not exceed 4% of the corresponding fleroxacin level. N-demethyl fleroxacin was not detected (less than 0.1 mg/l). The urinary recovery of fleroxacin was 49.5% over 72 h; the N-demethyl and N-oxide metabolites accounted for 6.9% and 5.7%, respectively, of the administered dose. PMID- 3144538 TI - Penetration of fleroxacin into maxillary sinus mucosa and palatine tonsil. AB - Ten patients undergoing tonsillectomy or operation on the maxillary-antrum were given 200 mg fleroxacin orally 1-2 h before surgery. The concentration of fleroxacin in maxillary sinus mucosa (mean 2.61 mg/kg) was similar to that in serum samples collected simultaneously (mean 2.46 mg/l); and similar results were obtained with tonsillar tissue (mean 3.27 mg/kg; simultaneous serum samples, mean 2.84 mg/l). PMID- 3144539 TI - Fleroxacin: safety, tolerance and effect on the faecal flora of healthy volunteers. AB - The safety, tolerance, and influence on the faecal flora of volunteers of fleroxacin was studied following a daily dose of 800 mg for seven days. A major reduction was seen in the numbers of Escherichia coli, but there was no change in anaerobic bacteria or the faecal streptococci. Ophthalmological examinations and laboratory evaluations revealed no untoward effect. Reduced appetite and flatulence were observed in one volunteer each, two reported loose stools, and five complained of sleep disturbances. All volunteers completed the study. PMID- 3144540 TI - Fleroxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated acute cystitis in women. AB - Twenty-four women with uncomplicated acute lower urinary tract infections proven by significant pretreatment bacteriuria (greater than or equal to 10(5) cfu/ml) were treated with a single oral dose of either 200 or 400 mg fleroxacin. Patients were checked for response to treatment five to nine days post therapy. Of the 24 patients initially included in the study, five were not available for assessment of efficacy. In 17 of the remaining 19 women bacteriological cure was achieved. PMID- 3144541 TI - Fleroxacin in single dose oral therapy of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection. AB - A randomized comparative study was performed in twenty women with acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (UTI). They received a single oral dose of either fleroxacin 600 mg or amoxycillin 3 g. Pathogens were Escherichia coli (17), Proteus mirabilis (2) and Staphylococcus aureus (1). A complete clinical and microbiological cure was observed in all patients of both groups. One patient in the fleroxacin group had gastric irritation. A single oral dose of fleroxacin may be suitable for the treatment of lower UTI even when it is due to organisms resistant to amoxycillin and other traditional oral antimicrobials. PMID- 3144542 TI - Fleroxacin versus standard therapy in gonococcal urethritis. AB - Eighty male patients with gonococcal urethritis were randomly allocated to receive, in an open study, either a single oral 400 mg dose of fleroxacin, or, as standard therapy, a single intramuscular dose of 2.4 million units of penicillin G plus 1.0 g of probenecid orally. Microbiological analysis of the urethral smear and complete physical examination with blood and midstream urine samples was carried out before and after therapy (day 7 or 8). Urethral Neisseria gonorrhoeae was the only pathogen in 50 patients while 29 presented with mixed infections of both N. gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. In one case, the culture was not positive for either of the pathogens. N. gonorrhoeae was eradicated by both regimens in all 78 evaluable patients. However, the 29 patients with mixed infections remained clinically symptomatic and still showed C. trachomatis irrespective of the treatment regimen. Two patients failed to return for follow up. No adverse reactions were reported. PMID- 3144543 TI - Clinical efficacy and tolerance of fleroxacin in patients with urethritis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - In an open study, 22 patients with genito-urinary infection by Chlamydia trachomatis were treated with oral fleroxacin in varying dosage. Symptoms were relieved and cultures became negative in 19 patients, with three patients not assessable. Adverse reactions, affecting the central nervous system, the gastrointestinal tract and the skin (photosensitivity), were reported in seven patients. PMID- 3144544 TI - In-vitro activity of fleroxacin. AB - Fleroxacin is a new synthetic fluorinated quinolone antimicrobial agent. The in vitro activity of fleroxacin and five comparative quinolones against 541 clinical isolates was studied. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC90) of fleroxacin were less than or equal to 2.0 mg/l for Enterobacteriaceae, less than or equal to 8.0 mg/l for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 1.0 mg/l for Acinetobacter calcoaceficis and 8 mg/l for streptococci. The activity of fleroxacin was comparable with that of ofloxacin, pefloxacin and norfloxacin, but less than that of ciprofloxacin. All quinolones showed little difference between MIC and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). PMID- 3144545 TI - Fleroxacin: in-vitro activity worldwide against 20,807 clinical isolates and comparison to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. AB - By June 1987 worldwide investigators from 37 centres in 12 countries had completed epidemiological susceptibility testing studies comparing the in-vitro activity of fleroxacin with that of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and other antibacterials. In this paper the results of these studies, expressed primarily as MIC90S, are reviewed and analysed for centre to centre variability. Twenty thousand eight hundred and seven strains were evaluable for comparative analysis. All three quinolones exhibited high in-vitro activity against Enterobacteriaceae (MIC90 less than or equal to 0.125-2 mg/l), other common aerobic Gram-negative bacilli or coccobacilli (MIC90 less than or equal to 0.125-1 mg/l) and staphylococci, including selected resistant isolates (MIC90 less than or equal to 0.5-4 mg/l), and moderate to weak activity against streptococci and anaerobes (MIC90 = 1- greater than or equal to 8 mg/l). The activity of fleroxacin and norfloxacin was quite similar, but was usually inferior to that of ciprofloxacin. Comparison of data from the various investigating centres showed divergent results for many bacterial species, the MIC90S for the same quinolone varying by two to four dilution steps or more from centre to centre. PMID- 3144546 TI - In-vitro activity of fleroxacin against urinary tract and genital tract pathogens. AB - The activity of fleroxacin was compared to those of nalidixic acid, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline and penicillin against a total of 452 strains isolated from urinary tract and genital tract infections. These included strains resistant to gentamicin, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and beta-lactamase producing strains. MICs were determined by a standard agar dilution procedure using Mueller-Hinton agar. Fleroxacin inhibited 90% of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus spp., and Enterobacter spp. at less than or equal to 1 mg/l. All the gentamicin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains were highly susceptible to fleroxacin (MIC90 less than or equal to 0.5 mg/l). Against Pseudomonas, fleroxacin was the most active agent tested (MIC90 2 mg/l). All nalidixic acid-resistant strains were susceptible to fleroxacin (MIC90 less than or equal to 1 mg/l). The activity of fleroxacin was similar against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible strains of Staph. aureus (MIC90 less than or equal to 0.5 mg/l). Against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, fleroxacin (MIC90 0.12 mg/l) was as active as penicillin and tetracycline. However against N. gonorrhoeae strains producing beta-lactamase, fleroxacin (MIC90 0.5 mg/l) was at least twice as active as tetracycline. Fleroxacin is a potent quinolone with in vitro activity against a variety of resistant bacterial species. PMID- 3144547 TI - In-vitro susceptibility of staphylococci to fleroxacin in comparison with six other quinolones. AB - Susceptibilities of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, n = 32), methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA, n = 32), and S. epidermidis (SE, n = 24) were determined to fleroxacin, amifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, difloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin. All organisms were isolated from the blood of patients with infective endocarditis. MRSA and MSSA MIC90s were less than 1.0 mg/l of fleroxacin, ciprofloxacin, difloxacin, and ofloxacin while amifloxacin and norfloxacin produced MIC90s of less than 2.0 mg/l and enoxacin MIC90s of less than 4.0 mg/l. For S. epidermidis MIC90s were less than 1.0 mg/l of all quinolones except amifloxacin whose MIC90 was less than 2.0 mg/l. Two strains from each staphylococcal group were used in time-kill trials performed with all seven quinolones. Within 8 h, all quinolones colony counts were decreased by one log. At 24 h, most quinolones decreased MRSA, MSSA, and SE colony counts by two to four logs; however, exceptions were found with (1) difloxacin, enoxacin, and norfloxacin against MRSA, (2) ciprofloxacin and enoxacin against MSSA, and (3) ciprofloxacin against SE in which all colony counts increased one to three logs in 24 h. When quinolone time-kill trials did not show a decrease in colony counts at 24 h, the MIC's for the 24 h growth showed a four- to 250-fold increase when compared with pre-trial MICs. No selection or emergence of resistant organisms was found with fleroxacin, amifloxacin or ofloxacin. PMID- 3144548 TI - Rate of bactericidal activity for Branhamella catarrhalis of fleroxacin compared with that of amoxycillin-clavulanic acid. AB - The rate of bactericidal activity of fleroxacin was compared with that of the combination of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid (in the proportion of 4 to 1) on beta-lactamase producing strains of Branhamella catarrhalis. The rate of bactericidal activity of 1 mg/l was as rapid as that of 1 mg/l of amoxycillin clavulanic acid combination. This rate was not significantly more rapid if the concentrations of fleroxacin were increased to 10 mg/l. In conclusion, the bactericidal activity of fleroxacin is at least as good as that of the combination of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid. Fleroxacin showed a bactericidal effect for B. catarrhalis at concentrations that would be achieved in humans. PMID- 3144549 TI - Inhibition of Legionella pneumophila multiplication within human macrophages by fleroxacin. AB - The susceptibility of Legionella pneumophila to a new quinolone, fleroxacin, was studied in both an extra- and an intracellular system. The activity of fleroxacin was compared with that of erythromycin, cefoxitin, and rifampicin. In the extracellular system, erythromycin inhibited while cefoxitin killed the organism. Extracellularly, fleroxacin performed similarly to cefoxitin. Rifampicin was initially bactericidal for L. pneumophila but resistant bacteria emerged at 48 h. The Horwitz monocyte model was used for studies of intracellular antimicrobial activity. At ten times the MIC, cefoxitin did not inhibit intracellular L. pneumophila. Fleroxacin was as active as erythromycin and rifampicin in inhibiting intracellular L. pneumophila. No intracellular, rifampicin-resistant L. pneumophila emerged. Addition of rifampicin to cefoxotin, erythromycin or fleroxacin provided neither synergy nor antagonism. PMID- 3144550 TI - Comparative in-vitro activity of fleroxacin and other 6-fluoroquinolones against mycobacteria. AB - The susceptibility of 11 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 3 M. kansasii, 3 M. xenopi, 2 M. scrofulaceum, 2 M. marinum, 2 M. malmoense to fleroxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and streptomycin was determined by the standard proportion method (Middlebrook 7H10 agar). All M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii, M. xenopi, M. scrofulaceum, M. marinum, and M, malmoense isolates including those resistant to conventional antimycobacterials were inhibited by 0.5 mg/l of fleroxacin and ciprofloxacin, the lowest tested concentration. Fleroxacin and ciprofloxacin along with ofloxacin, pefloxacin, ansamycin, clofazimine and cycloserine were also tested against 14 isolates of the M. avium complex. Nine of 14 strains (64%) of the M. avium complex were found susceptible to 4 mg/l of fleroxacin and a similar percentage to the other quinolones. On the basis of its in-vitro potency and its favourable pharmacokinetic properties fleroxacin appears to be sufficiently active to warrant further experimental trials against difficult to treat mycobacteria. PMID- 3144551 TI - In-vitro activity of fleroxacin against Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - The in-vitro activities of fleroxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin and clindamycin against two clinical isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis were compared. The MIC of fleroxacin (4.0 mg/l) was comparable to that of clindamycin (2.0 mg/l), but was higher than the MICs of both tetracycline (0.4 mg/l) and erythromycin (0.2-0.4 mg/l). Repeated passaging of C. trachomatis in the presence of sub MIC concentrations of fleroxacin did not affect the MIC and resulted in a rapid and complete loss of inclusions. The effect of combining fleroxacin with the other antibiotics was investigated by chequerboard titrations of pairs of antibiotics. The mean fractional inhibitory concentration index was calculated for each combination. Results showed indifference for the combinations fleroxacin/tetracycline, fleroxacin/erythromycin and fleroxacin/clindamycin and synergism for the combination tetracycline/clindamycin. PMID- 3144552 TI - Effect of method, medium, pH and inoculum on the in-vitro antibacterial activities of fleroxacin and norfloxacin. AB - The comparative in-vitro activities of fleroxacin and norfloxacin were determined by standard agar dilution and broth micro-dilution methods in four different culture media, varying the pH of the medium (pH 5 to pH 8) and the inoculum size. Four inoculum densities equivalent to approximately 10(3), 10(4), 10(5) and 10(6) colony forming units per well or spot were prepared for each of five reference test strains (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, E. coli ATCC 35218, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus ATCC 29213 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853). The antibacterial activity of fleroxacin was similar overall to that of norfloxacin and rather uniform. The influence of the test conditions was moderate. However, the activity of both quinolones was uniformly lower at pH 5 in urine and against a high inoculum of 10(6) cfu/spot or well of S. aureus. PMID- 3144553 TI - Bactericidal kinetics of various dosages of fleroxacin simulated in bacterial cultures. AB - From in-vitro data, recommendations for dosing with fleroxacin are presented. Serum pharmacokinetics of 250, 400, 500, 800, 1000 and 1500 mg once daily dosages were simulated in bacterial cultures. The bactericidal kinetics of clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus with MICs for fleroxacin similar to MIC90 or above were investigated. Bacterial populations of all strains with MICs equal to or below 2 mg/l were reduced by at least 99% by a once daily dosage of 400 mg of fleroxacin. 500 mg once per day was high enough to induce a two log reduction of P. aeruginosa MIC 4 mg/l. At a 250 mg dosing mutants with MICs four times above the MICs of the initial strains were selected. The increased concentrations of fleroxacin after multiple dosing enhanced bactericidal activity. Once daily dosing increased the initial rate of killing but reduced the extent of inactivation in comparison with twice daily dosing of the same total amount. From our in-vitro investigation a once daily dosage of 400 mg of fleroxacin should be effective against causative organisms with an MIC of up to 2 mg/l, both in the rate and extent of killing and to minimize the risk for selection of resistant mutants. PMID- 3144554 TI - Toxicity and response to high-dose ifosfamide + mesna as salvage therapy for advanced breast cancer. AB - Twenty-six cycles of high-dose ifosfamide + mesna (HD-IFO + M) were applied to seven female patients with advanced breast cancer refractory to prior treatment, using three different durations of continuous infusion (4, 24, and 48 h) every 3 weeks. To evaluate the most tolerable time schedule, the duration of the infusions was changed periodically in each patient. Toxicity was low in general, but continuous infusion of HD-IFO + M over 24 h appeared to be the best tolerated. One partial response lasting 27 weeks was achieved and four patients achieved stable disease lasting from 9 to 12 weeks. PMID- 3144555 TI - Ifm(2)2 is a myosin heavy chain allele that disrupts myofibrillar assembly only in the indirect flight muscle of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Using a combination of molecular and genetic techniques we demonstrate that Ifm(2)2 is an allele of the single-copy sarcomeric myosin heavy chain gene. Flies homozygous for this allele accumulate wild-type levels of mRNA and protein in tubular muscle of adults, but fail to accumulate detectable amounts of myosin heavy chain mRNA or protein in the indirect flight muscle. We propose that the mutation interferes with either transcription of the gene or splicing of the primary transcript in the indirect flight muscle and not in other muscle tissues. Biochemical and electron microscopic analysis of flies homozygous for this mutation has revealed that thick filament assembly is abolished in the indirect flight muscle resulting in the instability of wild-type thick filament proteins. In contrast, thin filament and Z disc assembly are marginally affected. We discuss a working hypothesis for sarcomere assembly and define and experimental approach to test the predictions of this proposed pathway for sarcomere assembly. PMID- 3144558 TI - Immunoaffinity isolation of the Lewis blood group antigens. AB - Extraction, followed by immunoaffinity chromatography on a column of immobilized antibodies is described for the isolation of the Lewis blood group antigens. These affinity-isolated antigens are suitable in organ transplant immunology laboratories for screening potential donors and recipients for mismatch at the Lewis antigen loci. PMID- 3144557 TI - Synaptophysin (p38) at the frog neuromuscular junction: its incorporation into the axolemma and recycling after intense quantal secretion. AB - Recycling of synaptophysin (p38), a synaptic vesicle integral membrane protein, was studied by the use of antisera raised against the protein purified from frog brain. When frog cutaneous pectoris muscles were fixed at rest, a bright, specific immunofluorescent signal was observed in nerve-terminal regions only if their plasma membranes had been previously permeabilized. When muscles were fixed after they had been treated for 1 h with a low dose of alpha-latrotoxin in Ca2+ free medium, an equally intense fluorescence could be observed without previous permeabilization. Under this condition, alpha-latrotoxin depletes nerve terminals of their quantal store of acetylcholine and of synaptic vesicles. These results indicate that fusion of synaptic vesicles leads to the exposure of intravesicular antigenic determinants of synaptophysin on the outer surface of the axolemma, and provide direct support for the vesicle hypothesis of neurotransmitter release. After 1 h treatment with the same dose of alpha-latrotoxin in the presence of 1.8 mM extracellular Ca2+, immunofluorescent images were obtained only after permeabilization with detergents. Under this condition, the vesicle population was maintained by an active process of recycling and more than two times the initial store of quanta were secreted. Thus, despite the active turnover of synaptic vesicles and of quanta of neurotransmitter, no extensive intermixing occurs between components of the vesicle and presynaptic plasma membrane. PMID- 3144556 TI - Multiple phosphorylated variants of the high molecular mass subunit of neurofilaments in axons of retinal cell neurons: characterization and evidence for their differential association with stationary and moving neurofilaments. AB - The 200-kD subunit of neurofilaments (NF-H) functions as a cross-bridge between neurofilaments and the neuronal cytoskeleton. In this study, four phosphorylated NF-H variants were identified as major constituents of axons from a single neuron type, the retinal ganglion cell, and were shown to have characteristics with different functional implications. We resolved four major Coomassie Blue-stained proteins with apparent molecular masses of 197, 200, 205, and 210 kD on high resolution one-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gels of mouse optic axons (optic nerve and optic tract). Proteins with the same electrophoretic mobilities were radiolabeled within retinal ganglion cells in vivo after injecting mice intravitreally with [35S]methionine or [3H]proline. Extraction of the radiolabeled protein fraction with 1% Triton X-100 distinguished four insoluble polypeptides (P197, P200, P205, P210) with expected characteristics of NF-H from two soluble neuronal polypeptides (S197, S200) with few properties of neurofilament proteins. The four Triton-insoluble polypeptides displayed greater than 90% structural homology by two-dimensional alpha-chymotryptic iodopeptide map analysis and cross-reacted with four different monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to NF-H by immunoblot analysis. Each of these four polypeptides advanced along axons primarily in the Group V (SCa) phase of axoplasmic transport. By contrast, the two Triton-soluble polypeptides displayed only a minor degree of alpha-chymotryptic peptide homology with the Triton-insoluble NF H forms, did not cross-react with NF-H antibodies, and moved primarily in the Group IV (SCb) wave of axoplasmic transport. The four NF-H variants were generated by phosphorylation of a single polypeptide. Each of these polypeptides incorporated 32P when retinal ganglion cells were radiolabeled in vivo with [32P]orthophosphate and each cross-reacted with monoclonal antibodies specifically directed against phosphorylated epitopes on NF-H. When dephosphorylated in vitro with alkaline phosphatase, the four variants disappeared, giving rise to a single polypeptide with the same apparent molecular mass (160 kD) as newly synthesized, unmodified NF-H. The NF-H variants distributed differently along optic axons. P197 predominated at proximal axonal levels; P200 displayed a relatively uniform distribution; and P205 and P210 became increasingly prominent at more distal axonal levels, paralleling the distribution of the stationary neurofilament network.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3144559 TI - Synthesis and purification of deoxyribose analogues of NAD+ by affinity chromatography and strong-anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Two different chemical analogues of NAD+, containing either 2'-deoxyribose (2' dNAD+) or 3'-deoxyribose (3'-dNAD+) were synthesized enzymatically with oxidized nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN+)-adenyl transferase (E.C. 2.7.7.18). These compounds were efficiently purified by affinity chromatography on a boronate gel, followed by strong-anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography under isocratic conditions. These chromatographic steps resulted in the elimination of unreacted deoxyadenosine triphosphates (dATP) and NMN+, respectively. The purified dNAD+ isomers were examined as possible substrates of homogeneous poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, purified from calf thymus. 3'-dNAD+ was effectively utilized as a substrate by the polymerase, which catalyzed the formation of protein-bound poly(3'-dADP-ribose) during automodification. However, 2'-dNAD+ was not a substrate for the automodification reaction catalyzed by this DNA-dependent enzyme. Instead, 2'-dNAD+ was a potent non-competitive inhibitor of NAD+ in the elongation reaction. PMID- 3144560 TI - Tuberculous ulcer of the skin. AB - A case of tuberculous skin ulcer is reported. The biopsy specimen did not reveal acid-fast bacteria but cultures grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose mycobacterial ulcers correctly. The classification of the cutaneous tuberculoses is discussed. PMID- 3144561 TI - A teaching strategy to facilitate conceptual model implementation in practice. PMID- 3144562 TI - Shared staff development in the service setting: a model for success. PMID- 3144563 TI - An oncology nursing residency program: meeting a continuing education need. PMID- 3144564 TI - Medication calculation skills of registered nurses. PMID- 3144565 TI - From a resident's perspective. PMID- 3144566 TI - Nursing ethics: essential component of continuing education. PMID- 3144568 TI - Defining the image of your continuing education department. PMID- 3144567 TI - Care of the aging person: a nursing specialty--an educational series developed by staff nurses. PMID- 3144569 TI - Consulting with international visitors. PMID- 3144570 TI - [Biochemical studies on the characterization of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase activity in Bacillus megaterium KM]. PMID- 3144571 TI - Is listeriosis often a foodborne illness? PMID- 3144572 TI - Neonatal listeriosis: experience in Suffolk. AB - Four cases of neonatal infection with Listeria monocytogenes are reported. Two of them resulted in neonatal death and two in long-term healthy survival. The literature on the subject is reviewed with particular reference to epidemiology, early recognition and treatment. PMID- 3144573 TI - Listeria monocytogenes and its role in human infection. PMID- 3144574 TI - [The significance and outlook of cytokines in cancer therapy]. PMID- 3144575 TI - Stability of plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoproteins B and A I during the early postmortem period. AB - The stability of plasma lipids and apolipoproteins during the early postmortem period was studied by taking four duplicate blood samples from eight cadavers 2, 6, 12, and 24 h after death. The bodies were kept at +4 degrees C. The plasma samples were analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein B (apo B), and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I). In TC, values rose by 6 and 11% in two cases, and in six cases diminished 3 to 15% during the first 6 h compared to values obtained 2 h postmortem. The greatest changes were a continuing rise in one case by 33% and a fall by 21% in another case during 24 h. In TG values marked changes took place including one case with a rise of 67% within 24 h. The concentrations of apo B rose by 9 to 11% in three cases and fell by 3 and 4% in two cases during 6 h, but during the whole study period a rise up to 78% occurred. In the concentrations of apo A-I, cases fell by as much as 42% in 6 h, and in one case rose by 20% during 6 h. The results indicate that unpredictable fluctuations occur in plasma lipid and apolipoprotein values within 24 h after death, and they should be interpreted cautiously if the samples have been taken after a prolonged postmortem period. PMID- 3144576 TI - Inactivation of the Hutchinson strain of hepatitis non-A, non-B virus in intravenous immunoglobulin by beta-propiolactone. AB - beta-propiolactone (beta-PL) treatment has been evaluated for its ability to inactivate 10(3.5) chimpanzee infectious doses (CID50) of the Hutchinson strain of hepatitis non-A, non-B virus (HNANBV). Two chimpanzees were inoculated with a beta-PL-treated immunoglobulin solution to which this dose of the titrated virus had been added prior to beta-PL treatment. beta-PL treatment was performed in accordance with the production procedure used for a licensed intravenous immunoglobulin preparation. Neither animal developed hepatitis. When subsequently challenged with the same spiked immunoglobulin solution that had not been beta-PL treated, both animals developed clear-cut hepatitis non-A, non-B. The results of this experiment demonstrate that beta-PL treatment is effective for the inactivation of hepatitis non-A, non-B virus in intravenous immunoglobulin. PMID- 3144577 TI - The isolation of microsporidia and other pathogens from concentrated ditch water. AB - Water from a mosquito larval habitat in Florida was collected periodically for one year. After removing debris and macroscopic organisms, the small particles were concentrated by continuous flow centrifugation and examined microscopically. Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Culex salinarius and Heliothis zea larvae were exposed to the concentrates. The microsporidia isolated were Nosema, Pleistophora, Telomyxa, Vavraia and Vairimorpha. In addition to these microsporidia, a Helicosporidium (Protozoa), a Metarrhyzium (fungi) and two cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses were also isolated. PMID- 3144578 TI - An economic assessment of the benefits of mosquito abatement in an organized mosquito control district. AB - A case study application of contingent valuation to the measurement of mosquito program benefits is presented. Annual program benefits in Jefferson County, TX are estimated to exceed costs by 1.8 times. Mean household benefits are $22.44 for owners and $18.96 for renters. Using ordinary least squares procedures these household benefits were found to be related to household socioeconomic characteristics, effectiveness of control efforts and environmental concerns. PMID- 3144579 TI - Isolation of Ascogregarina sp. (Eugregarinida: Lecudinidae) from Aedes hendersoni. PMID- 3144580 TI - Range of attractiveness of carbon dioxide to Hybomitra spp. (Diptera: Tabanidae). PMID- 3144582 TI - Mechanisms of carcinogenesis with particular reference to the oral mucosa. AB - Three types of stimulus, chemical, physical and viral, are known to be carcinogenic to susceptible animals. This review considers these stimuli and their possible mechanisms in general terms and their possible relevance to the induction of oral mucosal carcinoma in particular. PMID- 3144581 TI - Withdrawal symptoms from phenytoin, carbamazepine and sodium valproate. AB - A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation of possible withdrawal symptoms from phenytoin, carbamazepine and sodium valproate is reported in patients with active epilepsy, on combination therapy. There was an increase in seizures on reduction and withdrawal of carbamazepine, but there was no convincing evidence of withdrawal symptoms from any of these drugs. PMID- 3144583 TI - Factors associated with the development of neoplasia. AB - A number of factors have been associated with the development of the phenotypic expression of neoplastic disease. The following article reviews the evidence implicating these factors in carcinogenesis and considers them under the groupings of familial or genetic factors, dietary factors, hormonal factors, age and gender. PMID- 3144584 TI - Course of various clinical forms of oral lichen planus. A prospective follow-up study of 611 patients. AB - The course of reticular, papular, bullous, plaque-type, atrophic and ulcerative lesions of oral lichen planus (OLP) was studied in 611 patients. Mean age of the patients was 53 years and two-thirds were women. The patients were followed for periods from 1 to 26 years (mean, 7.5 years). The various clinical types had somewhat different courses. Papular affections were seen mainly in the initial phase and had a transitory course. Ulcerative lesions, although more persistent, also generally showed a short-term course. The atrophic form was fluctuating with many remissions and new-established affections. The plaque-type was a more constant form, but also demonstrated many newly established affections. After a few years, many patients had persistent lesions that no longer included the affections most characteristic of OLP, i.e. the reticular and the papular form. Initial presence of papular affections was associated with ages below 50 and atrophic lesions with ages above 60. Plaque-type affections were seen with a significantly higher frequency among tobacco smokers at the onset of OLP. No other correlation was found between the initial presence, the remission and the development of the different clinical forms and various factors as age, sex, general diseases, medication and tobacco smoking. Treatment with topical steroid and/or antimycotics had no effect on the long-term course of the various clinical forms, and it had no persistent effect on symptoms related to OLP. Complete remission was seen in 17% of the patients, and it showed a reverse association with the initial presence of plaque-type affections. However, complete remission was associated with an initial presence of papular affections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144585 TI - Malignant development of lichen planus-affected oral mucosa. AB - The present report describes malignant development in oral lichen planus (OLP) among 611 patients (409 F, 202 M) followed for periods from 1-26 years (mean: 7.5). During follow-up, 9 patients (1.5%), 8 women (1.9%) and 1 man (0.5%) developed oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) in areas of lichen planus lesions. The age of the patients at diagnosis of carcinoma ranged from 56-79 years (mean: 70.4) and the length of follow-up before malignant development ranged from 4.9-24 years (mean: 10.1). The estimated number expected to develop oral cancer in a sample of the general Danish population of similar size, age distribution and follow-up was 0.18 (0.11 F, 0.07 M) i.e., OLP cases showed a 50-fold increase (F = 70- M = 14-fold). The observed number of cancer cases was significantly higher than the estimated number (p less than 0.00001). Therefore, oral lichen planus fulfils the WHO criterion of a premalignant condition. PMID- 3144586 TI - Submucous fibrosis (SF) in ex-betel nut chewers: a report of 14 cases. AB - The clinical and histological features are described of 14 subjects with SF who had given up betel nut chewing. The typical clinical features of the disease: blanching of the mucosa, palpable fibrous bands and complaints of burning and dryness of the mouth were still present, even in subjects who had not practised the habit for as long as 13 years. The characteristic histological features of the disease: atrophy of the oral epithelium and extensive fibrosis of the lamina propria, which in some instances penetrated into the submucosa, also persisted. PMID- 3144587 TI - A method of semi-quantitative microradiographic analysis of root surface lesion remineralization. AB - The purpose of this study was to present a modified photometer based digital analysis system for image enhanced microradiographic semi-quantitation of reactions of demineralization and remineralization of root surface lesions. The system was used to determine effects of fluoride on abraded root surface dentin in vitro. Lesions of 30-40 micron depth were produced during 18 h exposure of 180 micron thick single sections in solution of 3 mM Ca (Ca/P 1.67) and 30 mM lactic acid at pH 5.1. Mean mineral content of the lesions was 32% relative to adjacent sound dentin. Exposure of 20 h in the same acid with 5 mM Ca (Ca/P 1.67) and 0.12 mM NaF at pH 6.1 restored the mean mineral content to 76% of normal and increased the resistance of the lesions to demineralization. Remineralization and subsequent demineralization characteristics indicated the growth of fluorapatites on residual minerals in the dentin lesions. The microradiographic analysis system proved to be sensitive and critical in these studies. PMID- 3144588 TI - Differences between preneoplastic cells, neoplastic cells and their normal counterparts. AB - A number of changes occur in preneoplastic and neoplastic cells as they progress towards a greater degree of malignancy. These alterations include genetic changes, epigenetic changes, surface alterations and alterations in intercellular interactions. In some instances, these changes are contributing factors to the degree of pathology noted, whilst other are resultant. In many situations, the relationship between these changes and the progression towards neoplasia is not understood. Nevertheless, it seems probable that these changes are ultimately involved in driving cells further along the path to neoplastic transformation. It is the purpose of this review to consider the changes which occur as cells progress from normality to being neoplastic, with particular reference to the cells of the oral mucosa, and the use to which detectable changes can be used as prognostic indicators. PMID- 3144589 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS: basement membrane and endothelial cell markers in late stage lesions. AB - Early-stage lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) are composed of single-layered, highly flattened cells lining collagen bundles, whereas late-stage lesions contain densely packed, spindle-shaped cells. We examined the progression of KS lesions in oral mucosa and lymph nodes from patients with AIDS, using antibodies specific for blood vascular endothelial cells (Factor VIII-related antigen) and their basement membrane (Type IV collagen and laminin). In addition, the plant lectin Ulex europaeus, which selectively stains blood vessels, was also used. In early-stage KS lesions, fibronectin, laminin and Type IV collagen were co distributed at the interface between KS cells and collagen bundles; Factor VIII related antigen and Ulex europaeus lectin staining was present in vascular channels and in the KS cells. However, in late-stage lesions, few if any KS cells stained with antibody to Factor VIII-associated antigen, although endothelial cells lining blood vessels were positive. Strong staining for laminin and Type IV collagen was present in a pericellular pattern throughout the nodular late-stage lesions. Since lymphatic capillary endothelium does not produce basement-membrane specific macromolecules, these results support the conclusion that KS cells are related to blood vascular endothelium but eventually lose certain endothelium specific markers as the cells are transformed into the spindle-shaped cell type. PMID- 3144590 TI - Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of secretory proteins in autophagic vacuoles of parotid acinar cells of starved rats. AB - Previous studies have shown that reduction of mastication has marked effects on the structure and biochemistry of the rat parotid gland. Acute starvation results in the formation in the acinar cells of large autophagic vacuoles which contain lysosomal hydrolases and within which secretory granules appear to undergo degradation. In this study we used electron microscopic immunocytochemistry and antibodies to two secretory proteins, alpha-amylase and B1-immunoreactive protein, to determine whether secretory proteins are present in autophagic vacuoles of parotid acinar cells of starved rats. Small vacuoles were observed after 24-h starvation; they increased in size and number up to 72-h starvation. Both secretory proteins were present in the secretory granules and in the dense content of the autophagic vacuoles, as shown by immunogold labelling. The lighter matrix of the vacuoles was unlabelled. These findings confirm that secretory granules may fuse with lysosomal structures, where their content of secretory proteins is presumably degraded. Thus, the rat parotid appears to be similar to other secretory cells in which cellular levels of stored secretory proteins may be regulated by the process of crinophagy. PMID- 3144591 TI - Difference of immunohistochemical reactions in epithelial cells of adenolymphoma. AB - An immunoperoxidase staining technique was used for detecting alpha one antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT), alpha one-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), lactoferrin and transferrin in routine histological paraffin sections of 30 adenolymphomas, as well as in normal salivary gland tissue. Microscopically, the epithelial, component of adenolymphomas consisted of tall columnar luminal cells and irregularly shaped basal cells. alpha 1-ACT was detected in the luminal layer of epithelium in 27 (90%) of 30 adenolymphomas, while the basal layer was positive in 4 cases (13%). Lactoferrin could be observed in the columnar cells of 21 cases (70%) and was positive in the basal cells of 2 cases (7%). In normal salivary gland tissue, alpha 1-ACT and lactoferrin were observed in the intercalated duct and serous acinar cells. The staining pattern of alpha 1-AT in adenolymphoma was similar to those of alpha 1-ACT and lactoferrin, however, the number of positive cases for alpha 1-AT was fewer than in the alpha 1-ACT and lactoferrin. alpha 1 AT was not found in the normal salivary gland. On the contrary, the localization of transferrin in the epithelial component of adenolymphomas was exclusively different from those of alpha 1-ACT, alpha 1-AT and lactoferrin. Transferrin was found more often in the basal cells than in the tall columnar apical cells. The staining pattern of transferrin in the normal salivary gland was different from alpha 1-ACT and lactoferrin, and transferrin was positive in the cytoplasm of intercalated ducts, serous acinar and myoepithelial cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144592 TI - Vascular degeneration in adenomatoid odontogenic tumour: an ultrastructural study. AB - The blood vessels in 3 cases of adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT) were investigated ultrastructurally. An estimated 70-90% of the blood vessels found in the stroma showed degenerative changes which affected both the endothelial lining and the perivascular connective tissue. These vessels showed multiplication of basal lamina and were also encircled by concentric lamellae consisting either of collagen or fine filaments measuring 5-15 nm in diameter. Degradation of the layered collagen into fine filaments similar to those forming the concentric layers was observed. The present results suggest that the fine filaments of the concentric lamellae probably result from degradation of the layered collagen surrounding these vessels. PMID- 3144593 TI - Intravenous vasopressin and gastrointestinal hemorrhage in children. AB - Intravenous (IV) vasopressin has been used to control human upper gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage for over 30 years. Although the use of vasopressin has been studied extensively in adults, no study has evaluated its use in children. Vasopressin was used therapeutically in 15 episodes of esophageal variceal hemorrhage and two episodes of bleeding peptic ulcer. Nine of 17 episodes were controlled with vasopressin alone (53%). Balloon tamponade and variceal sclerosis were required for control in the remainder. Blood requirements averaged 53 mL/kg prior to control of hemorrhage. Metabolic complications occurred in 65% of the episodes. There were two groups of patients identified: those receiving greater or those receiving less than .01 units/kg/min of IV vasopressin. All of the complications identified occurred when greater than .01 U/kg/min of vasopressin were used (P less than .05). Control of bleeding was not improved with higher doses of vasopressin. These data suggest that the use of IV vasopressin at doses greater than .01 U/kg/min to control GI bleeding will increase the incidence of complications without improving control of hemorrhage. PMID- 3144594 TI - Controlled release of diphosphonates from synthetic polymers to inhibit calcification. AB - Calcification is the most frequent cause of the failure of bioprosthetic heart valves fabricated from glutaraldehyde pretreated porcine aortic valves or bovine pericardium. Formulation and evaluation of controlled-release drug delivery system to inhibit bioprosthetic heart valve calcification is reviewed. PMID- 3144595 TI - Properties of some 1-arylpiperazines as antagonists of stereotyped behaviors mediated by central serotonergic receptors in rodents. AB - This investigation evaluated the effects of the 1-arylpiperazines (1-(1 naphthyl)piperazine (1-NP), 1-(2-[4-aminophenylethyl]-4-[3 trifluoromethylphenyl]piperazine (PAPP), 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP) and 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP) on head-twitching elicited by central 5-hydroxytryptamine2, (5-HT2) agonists and on the 5-HT motor syndrome associated with stimulating 5-HT1A receptors in rodents. 1-NP (0.25-16.0 mumol/kg i.p.) dose-dependently inhibited head twitching produced by carbidopa (100 mumol/kg i.p.) plus 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (1000 mumol/kg i.p.) in mice. Pretreatment with 4 mumol/kg of 1-NP shifted the entire dose-response curve for head-twitching induced by quipazine (0.33-46.7 mumol/kg i.p.) to the right without reducing locomotor stimulation produced by quipazine (8 mumol/kg) in mice placed in novel photocell cages. 1-NP, PAPP, TFMPP and mCPP (8 mumol/kg) antagonized twitching after 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (100 mumol/kg i.p.) or 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan. In rats, these arylpiperazines (1-32 mumol/kg) dose dependently antagonized twitching elicited by quipazine (10 mumol/kg) without producing correlated alterations in locomotion. 1-NP, PAPP, and mCPP were equipotent and 6-fold more potent than TFMPP against twitching. None of these arylpiperazines caused twitching. 1-NP (4 mumol/kg) also antagonized twitching following the direct 5-HT2 agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (6 mumol/kg i.p.) but not after the thyrotropin releasing hormone analog MK-771 (20 mumol/kg i.p.) in rats. Larger doses of 1-NP (4-32 mumol/kg) and PAPP (64 mumol/kg) but not TFMPP or mCPP (16-128 mumol/kg), also reduced the incidence of the 5-HT syndrome produced by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (30 mumol/kg) in rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144596 TI - Combination of valproate and ethosuximide: antiepileptic and neurotoxic interaction. AB - The combination of ethosuximide and valproate has been advocated, particularly in patients with atypical and myoclonic absences. This drug combination has been assessed experimentally in mice by studying the effect of the pharmacodynamic interactions between the two drugs on the efficacy vs. toxicity ratio. All results were expressed in terms of brain concentrations. A purely additive anticonvulsant interaction was found. However, due to a less than additive neurotoxic interaction, the combination had a better efficacy vs. toxicity score than either drug alone. These results, although not representative for all drug combinations, provide evidence that the dissociation between the anticonvulsant and the neurotoxic interaction of two antiepileptic drugs can result in a better protective index for certain combinations of antiepileptic drugs. PMID- 3144597 TI - Hypercalcemia attenuates blood pressure response to epinephrine. AB - The potent alpha and beta adrenergic actions of epinephrine are probably mediated through an increase in free intracellular calcium concentration. Despite an absence of experimental evidence, many clinicians administer epinephrine with calcium to augment its cardiovascular effects. We evaluated the effects of calcium on epinephrine's pressor response in both normal and endotoxin-treated rats by administering epinephrine to animals made hypercalcemic with calcium chloride or hypocalcemic with the calcium chelator EGTA. EPI, given in incremental doses of 10, 20 and 50 micrograms/kg, produced incremental increases in mean arterial pressure. Calcium chloride infused i.v. at a rate of 50 mg/ml/hr significantly (P less than .05) blunted (50% decrease) the hypertensive response to 50 micrograms/kg epinephrine in normal animals. In endotoxin-treated rats, calcium chloride at 50 mg/ml/hr significantly blunted the hypertensive response to 10 micrograms/kg (73% decrease), 20 micrograms/kg (62% decrease) and 50 micrograms/kg (50% decrease) epinephrine. Endotoxemia plus calcium chloride at 25 mg/ml/hr also significantly blunted (30% decrease) the hypertensive response to 50 micrograms/kg EPI. By contrast, hypocalcemia produced by EGTA (30 mg/ml/hr) had no effect on epinephrine's hypertensive effects in normal or endotoxemic rats. Since calcium chloride significantly diminishes epinephrine's hypertensive effects in both normal and endotoxin-treated rats, the clinical use of calcium chloride along with epinephrine may not have a sound experimental basis. PMID- 3144598 TI - Neonatal central catecholaminergic lesions with intracisternal 6-hydroxydopamine: effects on development of presynaptic and postsynaptic components of peripheral sympathetic pathways and on the ornithine decarboxylase/polyamine system in heart, lung and kidney. AB - Peripheral sympathetic neurons are thought to provide trophic regulatory signals for development of adrenergic target tissues. In the current study, we destroyed central catecholaminergic pathways in the neonatal rat by intracisternal administration of 6-hydroxydopamine, which compromises sympathetic tone without ablating peripheral nerve terminals. Measurements of norepinephrine levels and turnover confirmed the effectiveness of the treatment in projections to heart, lung and kidney. The impairment of sympathetic tone was associated with a deficit in cardiac beta adrenergic receptor binding capabilities; in contrast, binding sites in the lung were unaffected and renal receptors were up-regulated. Similarly, intracisternal administration of 6-hydroxydopamine produced tissue selective alterations in ornithine decarboxylase activity and levels of the polyamines. These results support the view that neural activity exerts an influence on the biochemical development of sympathetic target tissues; however, other trophic factors may derive from the presence of intact nerve terminals themselves, as distinct from activity. PMID- 3144599 TI - Scl-70 antigen stability and its effect on antibody detection in scleroderma. AB - We examined 38 patients with scleroderma, 10 with systemic lupus and 10 normal subjects for Scl-70 antibodies by the gel precipitation and by the immunoblot methods. Increased incidence of Scl-70 antibodies in scleroderma were found by the immunoblot method (55%) compared to the gel precipitation methods (40 or 42% depending on the test kits used). Immunoblot analysis of the antigen prepared with 4.0 M NaCl extraction of rabbit thymus acetone powder revealed antigen to be 100, 86, 80 and 70 kDa. However, mainly a single band of 70 kDa was obtained upon extraction of rabbit thymus with 0.3 M NaCl and of calf thymus antigen. Our data support the suggestion that different molecular species of the Scl-70 antigen have variable binding affinities to nuclear DNA. We suggest that the presence of various molecular forms of the antigen may be a result of this differential binding affinity to DNA and the partial proteolytic digestion of 100 kDa from the antigen as reported by others. PMID- 3144600 TI - Maintenance and transmission of Keystone virus by Aedes atlanticus (Diptera: Culicidae) and the gray squirrel in the Pocomoke Cypress Swamp, Maryland. PMID- 3144601 TI - Campylobacter pylori in gastroduodenal disease. PMID- 3144602 TI - Efficacy of internal and external quality control in chemical pathology. PMID- 3144603 TI - Serum lipids and lipoproteins in schizophrenic patients receiving major tranquilizers. PMID- 3144604 TI - Hepatocellular damage due to halothane anaesthesia. PMID- 3144605 TI - In vitro antibacterial activity of various antibiotics against isolates in chronic suppurative otitis media. PMID- 3144606 TI - Pirprofen in treatment of non-articular rheumatism in Pakistani outpatients, a multicentre study. PMID- 3144607 TI - Falciparum malaria in children. PMID- 3144608 TI - Anaemia in pregnancy: occurrence in two economically different clinic populations of Karachi. PMID- 3144609 TI - A review of 1508 percutaneous renal biopsies. PMID- 3144610 TI - New trends in anti-hypertensive therapy, calcium channel entry blockers. PMID- 3144611 TI - Study of 25 OH calcium and phosphorus in normal subjects and patients with renal calculi. PMID- 3144612 TI - Surma--a toxic cosmetic? PMID- 3144613 TI - [Influence of human albumin on bactericidal or antibacterial activities of cephems and monobactams]. AB - Influence of human albumin on bactericidal or antibacterial activities of 11 beta lactams were examined. The 11 beta-lactams included second generation cephems (cefsulodin, cefotiam and cefmetazole), third generation cephems (ceftazidime, latamoxef, cefmenoxime, cefoperazone, cefotetan and cefpiramide) and monobactams (carumonam and aztreonam). The micro-broth-dilution method was used to determine antibacterial activities. Bactericidal activities were determined using the time kill method. Used in the broth-dilution method were 2 media, MUELLER-HINTON broth (MHB) and the same medium supplemented with 5 g human albumin/d1 (MHB-A). The first experiment was to compare minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) determined in MHB were compared with those in MHB-A of 6 antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P JC-1, of 7 antibiotics against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and of 5 antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 10490. MICs using MHB-A were higher than MIC using MHB for 2 of the 6 antibiotics against S. aureus, and for all the 7 antibiotics against E. coli, and for 3 of the 5 antibiotics against P. aeruginosa. The second experiment was done to compare MICs of 5 antibiotics determined in MHB-A with those determined in MHB against 10 clinical isolates of S. aureus, of 6 antibiotics against 10 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and of 6 antibiotics against 10 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. The results obtained in the second experiment were varied for different antibiotics and different strains of organisms, and same antibiotics produced different results for different strains. MICs determined in MHB-A were lower than those in MHB for antibiotics with relatively low protein binding rates against 22 of 170 isolates tested (12.9%), whereas the former was higher than the latter against 103 out of 170 isolates tested (60.6%). MICs of antibiotics with relatively high protein binding rates showed an opposite trend. In the third experiment, time-kill curves were determined in the 2 media for 5 antibiotics against S. aureus FDA 209P JC-1, for 6 drugs against E. coli ATCC 25922 and for 5 drugs against P. aeruginosa NCTC 10490. The concentrations of these antibiotics used were 1/2 x MIC, 1 x MIC and 2 x MIC. MICs determined in the first experiment were used here. Time-kill curves determined in MHB-A didn't reflect MICs determined in MHB. Using MHB-A, antibiotics with lower MICs determined in MHB-A showed bactericidal activities in lower concentrations. Human albumin influenced antibacterial or bactericidal activities of beta-lactams.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3144614 TI - [Efficacy of ofloxacin in sexually transmitted male urethritis and cervicitis]. AB - Efficacy and safety of ofloxacin (OFLX), a new quinolone antibacterial agent, were investigated in cases of sexually transmitted male urethritis and cervicitis. Chlamydial infections occupied a large part of the patients enrolled. This study was conducted in 29 institutions. A total of 1,126 patients with gonococcal, chlamydial or non-gonococcal non-chlamydial infections were enrolled in the study. The general dosing regimen of oral OFLX was 100 mg t.i.d. or 200 mg t.i.d. for 14 consecutive days. Along with the clinical efficacy evaluated by doctors in charge, therapeutic and clinical efficacies were determined according to standardized evaluation criteria. The evaluation of therapeutic efficacy was based on bacterial eradication. On the other hand, clinical efficacy was determined upon the improvement in causative bacteria, WBC counts in smear (or initial urine) specimens and urethra/cervical discharges. Clinical efficacy was determined on 7 and 14 days after starting the medication, except for gonococcal infections for which the efficacy was determined on Day 3 and Day 7. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Efficacy evaluation by standardized criteria Therapeutic efficacy rates in gonococcal infections were 97.9% (93/95) on Day 3 and 100% (119/119) on Day 7. In chlamydial infections, the rates were 77.7% (363/467) on Day 7 and 93.6% (392/419) on Day 14. Chlamydial urethritis rated 94.8% (239/252) and cervicitis 91.6% (153/167) on Day 14. Clinical efficacy rates in gonococcal infections were 63.2% (60/95) on Day 3 and 95.8% (114/119) on Day 7. In chlamydial infections, they were 70.0% (327/467) on Day 7 and 89.7% (376/419) on Day 14. Chlamydial urethritis rated 88.5% (223/252) and cervicitis 91.6% (153/167) on Day 14. Clinical efficacy rates in non-gonococcal non chlamydial infections were 93.3% (97/104) for male urethritis and 65.9% (27/41) for cervicitis on Day 14. 2. Clinical efficacy determined by doctors in charge A total of 1,028 cases, 752 urethritis and 276 cervicitis cases, was evaluated by doctors in charge. Clinical efficacy rates were 90.3% for urethritis and 92.4% for cervicitis. 3. Safety Safety evaluations was conducted in 1,087 patients. Side effects were observed in 23 patients among them (2.12%). None of them were deemed serious. General laboratory examinations were conducted for 169 patients. Abnormal findings were seen in 11 patients (6.51%) or 13 cases, all of which were minor. The results of this multi-center clinical trial demonstrated that OFLX is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of sexually transmitted disease (STD), both gonococcal and chlamydial infections. PMID- 3144615 TI - [A randomized controlled trial comparing short-term MF chemotherapy with MF plus long-term HCFU chemotherapy as an adjuvant to a curative resection of stomach cancer: Mifurol Study Group for Stomach Cancer]. AB - In order to clarify the clinical response of long-term adjuvant chemotherapy using Carmofur (HCFU), a comparative multicenter trial has been performed by a randomized controlled method. Curative resected patients suffering from stomach cancer were randomly allocated into two arms. Arm A consisted of short-term MF chemotherapy (mitomycin C 0.04 mg/kg plus 5-fluorouracil 5.0 mg/kg x 6 bolus i.v.) and arm B consisted of arm A plus long-term HCFU chemotherapy (HCFU 6-12 mg/kg/day over 12 weeks, p.o.). The difference of overall survival probability between the two studied arms significantly supported arm B therapy (generalized Wilcoxon test: p = 0.0405) up to 5 years after surgery. The difference of the survival curves was clearer in the case of patients with cancers in the advanced stage, such as a positive serosal inversion and a lymph node metastases [ps(+).n(+)]. The side effects of HCFU, most patients experiencing subjective symptoms such as gastrointestinal toxicities, polyuria, and hot sensation, were reversible. Our results suggest that HCFU maintenance therapy has effect on preventing the postsurgical recurrences of stomach cancer and elongating the patient's survival. PMID- 3144616 TI - [The in vivo and in vitro effect of recombinant human gamma interferon on megakaryoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3144617 TI - [Lupus anticoagulant in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus complicating marked bleeding tendency]. PMID- 3144618 TI - [Bladder carcinoma in a case of multiple myeloma IgG (kappa) treated with cyclophosphamide: review of literature]. PMID- 3144619 TI - Common fragile sites induced by folate deprivation, BrdU and aphidicolin: their frequency and distribution in Japanese individuals. PMID- 3144620 TI - [Immunohistochemical analysis of immunocytes, cytokines and cytokine receptor in sarcoid granulomas using monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3144621 TI - A 40-year-old patient with an evolving extensive inferior MI treated with t-PA thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 3144622 TI - [Direct cardiotropic anti-arrhythmic effect of sodium valproate]. PMID- 3144624 TI - [Patient care for the long-term illness (IV). Complications during hemodialysis]. PMID- 3144623 TI - [Newly developed stenocardia: effect of intensive physical training on the lipoprotein spectrum of blood plasma]. AB - The effect of intensive exercise (IE) on plasma lipoproteins was assessed in patients with angina of new onset (first three months). A six-week IE course increased stress tolerance. Total cholesterol (CS), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLP CS) levels dropped significantly. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLP CS) remained unchanged, yet the total CS HDLP CS/HDLP CS ratio dropped significantly after 6 weeks of training, with total CS, TG and the total CS-HDLP CS/HDLP CS ratio already decreasing significantly within 2 weeks. After six weeks of exercise, apo-B level remained unchanged, apo AI level rose significantly, and the apo-B/apo-AI ratio decreased significantly. Positive shifts in plasma lipid and apoprotein spectrum resulted in a decrease of lipoprotein atherogenic characteristics. PMID- 3144625 TI - [Patient care for the long-term illness (IV). Nursing care of the child with renal dysfunction]. PMID- 3144626 TI - [Quality through accomplishment and responsibility]. PMID- 3144627 TI - [Hygiene guidelines for the nursing and care of patients with hepatitis B and AIDS. Sphere of work operating room]. PMID- 3144628 TI - [Hygiene guidelines for nursing and care of patients with hepatitis B and AIDS. Sphere of work endoscopy]. PMID- 3144629 TI - [Shift work and on-call service as a burden]. PMID- 3144630 TI - [Intensive medical care from the viewpoint of patients and their families. Study of an internal medical intensive care unit]. PMID- 3144631 TI - [Hospital-public-relations work. Notes by an insider]. PMID- 3144632 TI - [AIDS information]. PMID- 3144633 TI - [Youth exchange Lower Saxony--Texas. 2]. PMID- 3144634 TI - [Current aspects of therapy for myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3144635 TI - [Nutrition for the intensive care patient]. PMID- 3144636 TI - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: correlation of cellular and immunologic changes with clinical phases of disease. AB - Many airborne organic antigens in the form of fungal spores and thermophilic bacteria or dander and aerosolized proteins can cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis after repeated inhalational exposure. Although a syndrome of acute illness often occurs, many people who are exposed and become sensitized can remain asymptomatic. However, immunologic evidence from an analysis of cells and antibodies obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from asymptomatic subjects may indicate an ongoing alveolitis. With chronic illness, which has many characteristics of an interstitial fibrotic pneumonitis, a lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous reaction develop in the lungs. This review emphasizes the immunological changes in the lungs that occur at different phases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and contribute to current concepts about pathogenetic mechanisms. PMID- 3144637 TI - Central fatigue of the rabbit diaphragm. AB - This study evaluates the importance of central fatigue of the diaphragm in rabbits subjected to inspiratory muscle resistive loading (IRL). Ten rabbits were subjected to constant IRL while unanesthetized and breathing supplemental oxygen. During 10-20 minutes of spontaneous breathing against IRL, there were no significant changes in arterial oxygen saturation or in diaphragm contractility, measured by the quasi-static transdiaphragmatic pressure response to a 0.3-sec train of 100 Hz supramaximal phrenic nerve stimuli. After an initial decrease due to application of the load, the minute ventilation decreased further, by an average of 15%, while arterial pCO2 increased to an average of 59 mmHg (p less than 0.05). The normalized diaphragm pressure-time index initially increased from 0.02 to 0.18 during IRL, then decreased an average of 29% (p less than 0.05). These results show that severe IRL causes a decrease in the level of diaphragmatic effort over time despite increased chemical drive and despite a preserved ability of the muscle to respond to phrenic nerve stimuli. This adaptation may help to prevent peripheral diaphragm fatigue. PMID- 3144638 TI - Cell surface oligosaccharide modulation during differentiation: IV. Normal and transformed cell growth control. AB - In previous studies it was shown that cell surface oligosaccharide affinity class distributions and binding capacities were down-regulated as normal cells approach senescence. Using a sensitive, amplified, lectin/specific-ligand competition analysis three other growth regulation states were compared to that of cellular senescence. Non-senescent and senescent low-density and contact-induced growth inhibition was compared with neoplastic cell growth control. Non-senescent human fetal lung fibroblasts (IMR-90) down-regulated their mannosyl and galactosyl specificities in response to both low-density and contact-induced growth inhibition. Senescent IMR-90 down-regulate their mannosyl residues in response to contact conditions while they up-regulate their galactosyl residues under the same conditions. Growth-transformed transplantable canine glioma cells did not show density-dependent regulation of their cell surface oligosaccharide structures. Modulation of the CG cells with a specific alpha-mannosidase II inhibitor, Ricinus communis a galactosyl specific lectin, and pokeweed mitogen a cellular differentiating agent resulted in an altered growth phenotype and up regulation of the mannosyl and galactosyl surface oligosaccharides. These data indicate a controller function for the cell surface oligosaccharides and a general influence on growth control. PMID- 3144639 TI - [Thermochemotherapy of cancer of the stomach]. AB - Short-term results of chemo-hyperthermia of gastric carcinoma were reported. Complete regression was noted in 15%, partial regression in 42% of cases. PMID- 3144640 TI - [Changes in thyroid function expressed by the calculation of the area under TRH TSH curve]. PMID- 3144641 TI - Adherence of specific yogurt micro-organisms to human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Yogurt lactic-acid-bacteria (LAB) consisting of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus were evaluated for their capacity to bind to human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). These micro-organisms adhere to human T lymphocytes, and bind to B lymphocytes, in high and low frequencies, respectively. In addition, a quantitative analysis of LAB binding to PBL was carried out using the same parameters previously applied to a Salmonella model. The effect of yogurt LAB on the natural anti-bacterial activity exerted by PBL was examined. Lymphocyte pretreatment with bacteria did not affect such functions. These findings are discussed in the light of the well known ability of yogurt LAB to modulate the immune response. PMID- 3144642 TI - Catabolism of single ring aromatic acids by four Aspergillus species. AB - Four species of the genus Aspergillus, viz A. fumigatus, A. japonicus, A. niger and A. terreus, decarboxylated, demethoxylated and ring-cleaved aromatic compounds but to different extents. Decarboxylation of vanillate occurred before ring-cleavage, which preceded the release of 14CO2 from the methoxyl group. A large proportion of labelled carbon from the ring of ferulate and vanillate was found in particulate or trichloracetic acid precipitable material of homogenized fungal mycelium. The four Aspergillus species contained vanillate-inducible protocatechuate-3,4-dioxygenase and catechol-1,2-dioxygenase activities. PMID- 3144643 TI - Nutrition and low-birthweight babies: guidelines. PMID- 3144644 TI - The senile dementias: a new model. AB - Kuru and Creutzfeldt Jakob disease are fatal neurological disorders in humans that are transmissible to humans and other experimental animals. Largely because of their transmissibility the etiology of these diseases has been ascribed to infectious agents classified as "slow" or unconventional viruses. A related neurological disease in sheep called scrapie has also been ascribed to infection by slow viruses. Despite more than 20 years of intensive research no viruses or other infectious agents have ever been isolated or identified as the causative factors in these transmissible neurological diseases. The model presented below suggests that these "subacute spongiform virus encephalopathies" are not due to any infectious agent. Rather, I propose that they are caused by peptide hormones that may be transmitted from one individual to another in blood or other tissue. These hormones are postulated to activate genes in neurons whose proteins result in the observed pathology. It also is suggested that other non-transmissible human neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease may be due to endogenously produced peptide hormones that progressively activate genes responsible for the synthesis of amyloid proteins that are associated with neurological diseases. PMID- 3144645 TI - Game theoretic analysis of interferons effect on hematopoietic progenitors growth. AB - The effects of recombinant alpha, beta and gamma interferons (IFN), alone or in combinations were studied in a case of essential thrombocythemia, using the mixed colony formation assay. This assay allows growth of multipotent (CFU-Mix), and unipotent granulocytic-macrophage (CFU-GM), erythroid (BFU-E) and megakaryocytic (CFU-Meg) progenitors. The bone marrow precursors were cultured in the presence of each type of IFN at 100 U/ml and all possible combinations performed. The results were analysed using the Shapley formula, a game theoretic approach. It is concluded that IFN alpha would be the best candidate for reducing megakaryocytic progenitors while growth of other hematopoietic precursors would be stimulated. These types of analytical biological experiments controlled by using six permutations and calculation of the Shapley value for the three types of IFNs are suggested as a fair approach for a rational choice. PMID- 3144646 TI - EDTA chelation therapy in chronic degenerative disease. AB - A retrospective analysis of treatment results from 2870 patients, with various chronic degenerative and age-associated diseases, who were treated with di-sodium magnesium EDTA chelation therapy, suggests that the case against EDTA Chelation Therapy should be re-opened. Using qualitative but never-the-less standardized criteria for improvement, our analysis shows that EDTA Chelation Therapy resulted in "marked" improvement in 76.89% and "good" improvement in 16.56% of patients with ischemic heart disease; also, "marked" improvement in 91% and "good" improvement in 7.6% of patients with peripheral vascular disease and intermittent claudication. In a group of patients with cerebro-vascular and other degenerative cerebral diseases, 24% had "marked" improvement, and 30% had "good" improvement. Of four patients with scleroderma, three had "marked" improvement and one had "good" improvement. Seventy-five percent of all of the patients had "marked" improvement in "geriatric symptomatology of vascular origin". The authors recommend renewed study of EDTA Chelation Therapy. The possibility of a "tomato effect", i.e., a drug which works, but the majority of physicians believe that it doesn't work, needs to be ruled out. A favorable climate needs to be created, in which FDA-approved studies of its usefulness in treating peripheral vascular disease can take place. PMID- 3144647 TI - [Could food supplements using glucose solutions during the neonatal period be possibly the cause of protein-calorie malnutrition?]. PMID- 3144649 TI - Cancer. Therapy by photon activation? PMID- 3144648 TI - [Acute respiratory failure after hepatic resection in canine biliary obstruction model]. AB - Acute respiratory failure after hepatic resection, especially in case of concomitant liver dysfunction, is the most troublesome postoperative complication. In order to clarify the pathophysiological mechanism of acute respiratory failure, EVLW (extravascular lung water) was measured by double indicator dilution method in canine model. Mongrel dogs underwent laparotomy and the common bile duct was ligated and divided. After 6 weeks, EVLW was significantly elevated compared with that of normal dogs (p less than 0.05). From 4 hours after 70% hepatic resection dextran-40 was loaded to increase PWP (pulmonary wedge pressure). EVLW was increased accompanying the elevation of PWP in all groups, but in the group with biliary obstruction EVLW was significantly increased for the same elevation of PWP. These results suggest that permeability of pulmonary capillary was highly increased after hepatic resection in biliary obstruction group. Pulmonary edema in this canine model seems to resemble ARDS in human and the pathophysiological mechanism was thought to be related with depression of RES phagocytic function, activation of complement system and pulmonary vascular plugging by aggregates of degenerating granulocytes and endothelial injury. Gabexate mesilate blocked the increase of the lung vascular permeability and was thought to be effective to protect the lung from postoperative acute respiratory failure. PMID- 3144650 TI - Sex determination. Right gene, wrong chromosome. PMID- 3144652 TI - Blood groups. PMID- 3144653 TI - Summary of ANA activity on long term care. PMID- 3144651 TI - Sequences homologous to ZFY, a candidate human sex-determining gene, are autosomal in marsupials. AB - Sexual differentiation in placental mammals results from the action of a testis determining gene encoded by the Y chromosome. This gene causes the indifferent gonad to develop as a testis, thereby initiating a hormonal cascade which produces a male phenotype. Recently, a candidate for the testis-determining gene (ZFY, Y-borne zinc-finger protein) has been cloned. The ZFY probe detects a male specific (Y-linked) sequence in DNA from a range of eutherian mammals, as well as an X-linked sequence (ZFX) which maps to the human X chromosome. In marsupials it is also the Y chromosome that seems to determine the fate of the gonad, but not all sexual dimorphisms. Using the ZFY probe we find, surprisingly, that the ZFY homologous sequences are not on either the X or the Y chromosome in marsupials, but map to the autosomes. This implies ZFY is not the primary sex-determining gene in marsupials. Either the genetic pathways of sex determination in marsupials and eutherians differ, or they are identical and ZFY is not the primary signal in human sex determination. PMID- 3144654 TI - [Hypothalamic pituitary function in brain death patients--from blood pituitary hormones and hypothalamic hormones]. AB - According to the report of the Health and Welfare Ministry's research committee on brain death (1985), "brain death is defined as an irreversible cessation of the total brain function including brain stem." However, in brain death patients, whether the hypothalamic function which belongs to the brain stem function has completely ceased or not is unknown. In order to evaluate the hypothalamic function in brain death patients, the blood levels of the pituitary hormones and hypothalamic hormones were measured, and anterior pituitary stimulation test with triple bolus injection (TRH 500 micrograms, LH-RH 100 micrograms, regular insulin 0.3-0.7 unit/kg) was performed. The subjects were 13 brain death patients whose clinical states fully satisfied the criteria proposed by the committee. 1) The average blood levels of anterior pituitary hormones in these brain death patients were within normal range, and that of growth hormone was more than the twice of the normal level. 2) The blood anterior pituitary hormones were detectable in almost all cases even several days after the diagnosis of the brain death. 3) LH reserve was maintained in three cases. FSH reserve was maintained in three cases. Prolactin reserve was maintained in two cases. TSH reserve was maintained in one case. 4) Blood ADH (antidiuretic hormones) were detectable in 7 cases out of 9 cases. The blood ADH level of one case, in particular, was rather high (above 10 pg/ml). 5) Histopathologically anterior pituitaries were examined in three autopsy cases. The central necrotic areas were observed in all cases, but normal pituitary tissues existed peripherally. And all anterior pituitary hormones could be recognized immunohistochemically. 6) The blood levels of the hypothalamic hormones (GRF, CRF, LH-RH) were measured in four cases. The hypothalamic hormones were detectable in all cases. In one case, the levels of GRF were within normal range even 9 or 15 days after the diagnosis of brain death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144655 TI - Effects of dopaminergic and serotonergic receptor blockade on neurochemical changes induced by acute administration of methamphetamine and 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine. AB - As dopamine (DA) causes neurochemical changes in the central serotonergic system after an acute injection of methamphetamine, the present study examined the possibility that this response is mediated through dopaminergic receptors. Pretreatment with the DA receptor antagonist, haloperidol, failed to prevent the decreases in the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase and the concentration of serotonin (5-HT) in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and neostriatum 1 hr after a single administration of methamphetamine. Because methamphetamine is also a potent releaser of 5-HT, the possibility that 5-HT receptors mediate the effects of methamphetamine was evaluated. Pretreatment with methiothepin an antagonist of both DA and 5-HT receptors, failed to prevent the decline in activity of tryptophan hydroxylase but did attenuate the decreases in concentrations of 5-HT measured in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. This attenuation is not mediated through 5-HT2 receptors, as ritanserin failed to interfere with the changes induced by methamphetamine. In addition, DA or 5-HT receptors were apparently not involved in the changes in activity of tryptophan hydroxylase and concentrations of 5-HT induced by another analogue of amphetamine, 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). This study suggests different mechanisms are responsible for the acute and long-term changes observed in the central serotonergic system following a single or multiple doses of methamphetamine. PMID- 3144656 TI - The response of apomorphine administered into the accumbens in rats with bilateral lesions of the nucleus accumbens, induced with 6-hydroxydopamine. AB - Bilateral lesions of the nucleus accumbens, induced with 6-hydroxydopamine, reduced motor activity and produced a 20-35% depletion of the concentrations of dopamine (DA) and its main metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA). Small doses of apomorphine (1-10 ng), injected into the nucleus accumbens of sham-lesioned rats, decreased motor activity, while larger doses (1-10 micrograms) produced hyperactivity. In rats lesioned with 6 hydroxydopamine, apomorphine caused hyperactivity only, and this apomorphine induced response was more pronounced than in sham-lesioned rats. Large doses of apomorphine decreased, only in sham-lesioned animals, the levels of DOPAC and HVA. These data suggest that the apomorphine-induced hypomotility is mediated by presynaptically located DA receptor systems in the nucleus accumbens, whereas the apomorphine-induced hypermotility is likely to be mediated by postsynaptically located DA receptor systems. PMID- 3144657 TI - Further behavioural evidence for the selective sedative action of zolpidem. AB - Small doses of benzodiazepines stimulate behavioural output in experimental animals in a variety of situations. Zolpidem, which displaces benzodiazepines from their binding sites, however, has been shown to exert preferential sedative activity. In order to investigate whether small doses of zolpidem would also have stimulant effects, the actions of zolpidem and chlordiazepoxide were compared in three procedures which are sensitive to the behavioural-facilitating effects of benzodiazepines in rats. A small dose of chlordiazepoxide (3.0 mg/kg) increased locomotion in an open field whereas a large dose (30 mg/kg) suppressed this behaviour. Zolpidem (0.3-3.0 mg/kg) only decreased locomotion. The effects of both chlordiazepoxide and zolpidem were antagonised by flumazenil. Chlordiazepoxide (2.5-10 mg/kg) increased the intake of food in rats habituated to a daily feeding schedule but similar doses of zolpidem neither increased nor decreased the intake of food. Rates of punished operant responding were increased by chlordiazepoxide (3.0-30 mg/kg) but zolpidem (1.0-4.0 mg/kg) produced no such anti-punishment effect and suppressed responding at the large dose. These results show that zolpidem does not increase behavioural output in situations which are sensitive to the stimulant effects of benzodiazepines and further emphasize the selective sedative activity of this drug. PMID- 3144659 TI - The role of hydration on peripheral response to cold. PMID- 3144658 TI - AIDS. Case for diagnosis series, 1988. PMID- 3144660 TI - Clinical nuclear pharmacy practice in the U.S. Army. PMID- 3144661 TI - Deliveries in U.S. military and non-federal hospitals, 1980. PMID- 3144662 TI - Dating and sexual behavior in military dependent adolescents. PMID- 3144663 TI - Blood typing errors on U.S. Army identification cards and tags. PMID- 3144664 TI - A descriptive summary of active-duty deaths in the U.S. Navy in 1986. PMID- 3144665 TI - Developing and implementing a quality assurance program in a U.S. Coast Guard ambulatory health care facility. PMID- 3144666 TI - Experiences in Third World anesthesia: peacetime training for operational deployment. PMID- 3144667 TI - A study of United States Army dental fitness Class 3 patients. PMID- 3144668 TI - Psychological aspects of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. PMID- 3144669 TI - Psoas abscess. PMID- 3144670 TI - Case report: sepsis from a granulating wound in a patient with a white blood cell defect. PMID- 3144671 TI - Suicide in United States Air Force personnel, 1981-1985. PMID- 3144672 TI - Case for diagnosis. Fundic gland polyposis. PMID- 3144673 TI - Staff at Red Lake Hospital designed, implemented, and evaluated a staff training program on AIDS. PMID- 3144674 TI - The emergency treatment record: time for a change. PMID- 3144675 TI - Sterilization in the field--a place for glutaraldehyde. PMID- 3144676 TI - A plea for compulsiveness. PMID- 3144678 TI - [Artificial nutrition of critical surgical patients]. PMID- 3144677 TI - [Surgical therapy of large laparocele: inert prosthesis versus direct plastic surgery. Experimental study on the course of changes in ventilatory mechanics]. PMID- 3144679 TI - [Diverticula of the esophagus. Clinical implications and surgical treatment in 89 cases]. PMID- 3144680 TI - [Amineptine in the differential diagnosis of hyperprolactinemic states]. PMID- 3144681 TI - [Considerations on risks of Rh immunization]. PMID- 3144682 TI - Neurofibromatosis genetic study. PMID- 3144683 TI - The impact of patients' severity of illness and age on nursing workload. PMID- 3144684 TI - Direct reimbursement--a viable alternative. PMID- 3144685 TI - Laser reflectance: hazard in the dental operatory. AB - Reflected CO2 laser light (10 W) is a hazard to oral and surrounding tissues at distances up to 7.0 cm from the focal point. We advise the use of low-reflective instruments and protective shielding during laser treatment. PMID- 3144686 TI - A prospective randomized trial on efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in asymptomatic teeth with pulpal necrosis and associated periapical pathosis. AB - A recent study from a private endodontic practice compared "prophylactic" antibiotic (high-dose, 1-day) regimens of penicillin V and erythromycin (base or stearate) for patients who had asymptomatic teeth with pulpal necrosis and associated periapical radiolucent lesions (PN/PL). A 2.2% flare-up incidence was found, with no statistically significant differences for penicillin (0.0%), base (2.9%), and stearate (3.8%). No hypersensitivity responses occurred, and gastrointestinal side effects were found primarily with the erythromycins (12.4%). To ascertain whether or not similar results would occur with student operators in a dental school clinic population, the current study was undertaken. One-hundred ninety-five patients with quiescent PN/PL were randomly given either penicillin V or erythromycin (base or stearate). A 2.6% flare-up incidence was found, with no statistically significant differences for penicillin (3.1%), base (1.5%), and stearate (3.1%). No hypersensitivity responses occurred, and GI side effects were found primarily with the erythromycins (17.7%). As can be seen, the results were very similar to those of the recent endodontic practice study. Hence, it can be concluded that the results of the previous endodontic practice study were not unique to any one clinician or method. A comparison was also made between the "prophylactic" penicillin group of the current study and the placebo control group of our previous dental school clinic, student operator study (in which the methods, population, and regimen were almost identical to those of the current study). The results showed that the "prophylactic" penicillin group had significant fewer flare-ups and non-flare-up-associated swelling and pain than did the placebo group. In view of these findings and those from studies from the literature in which "prophylactic" antibiotics were not used, it is our opinion that the antibiotic regimens used in the current study should be a component of clinical endodontic therapy for quiescent PN/PL. PMID- 3144687 TI - An outcome monitoring system for psychiatric inpatient care. AB - As the national impetus for examining treatment outcomes increases, the demand for cost-effective systems for psychiatric outcome monitoring grows. This article describes one local effort to develop a monitoring system at Butler Hospital in Providence, Rhode Island. The system uses a combination of face-to-face and computer interviews of a random sample of recently admitted inpatients, with follow-up interviews one month postdischarge and one year following admission. The patient self-report data and interviewer assessment data generated by these interviews are used to quantify patient symptoms and social functioning. With a large enough sample, these findings can be used to identify areas where patient care may be improved. The article also discusses the process and problems involved in implementing the monitoring system and presents illustrative preliminary findings. PMID- 3144688 TI - Development of a surgical case review system. AB - Quality assurance professionals at Wayne County (Pennsylvania) Memorial Hospital have successfully implemented a surgical case review system for evaluating all inpatient surgical and same-day surgical procedures (including those where no tissue is removed) as well as post-hospitalization infections or complications that may signal unusual events or potential risk factors. The occurrence of such an event triggers a review of the case. Physician members of a surgical case review committee review and evaluate the surgical procedure in such cases and take immediate action to resolve quality of care issues. PMID- 3144689 TI - An adverse drug reaction reporting program in a community hospital. AB - An adverse drug reaction (ADR) surveillance program implemented in a 472-bed acute care community hospital consists of three components: specific indicators that nurses and pharmacists can use to evaluate reactions for reporting, an ADR reporting form and procedure, and innovative computerized screening for ADRs. In the program's first year, ADR reporting has increased 13-fold, and an important ADR to an antibiotic has been detected and publicized, resulting in modified prescribing patterns. Careful planning and frequent, intensive in-service training are key to the program's success. PMID- 3144690 TI - TIME: tracking information for maintaining the elderly. PMID- 3144691 TI - Confronting the software dilemma: specifications for a QA/RM information management system. PMID- 3144693 TI - Anatomy of fos proteins. PMID- 3144692 TI - Description of a human placental anti-insulin receptor polyclonal antibody that activates insulin binding to the receptor in vitro. AB - A polyclonal anti-human placental insulin receptor antibody has been developed, and its interaction with the receptor has been studied in vitro. This antibody enhances insulin binding to the receptor, both in the immunoprecipitate and also in in vitro binding assay. In the Scatchard analysis of the insulin-receptor interaction, in the presence of the antiserum, a marked increase in Bmax is observed, while Kd remains more or less unaffected. This antibody recognizes insulin receptor from all tissues of old world monkey but does not recognize new world monkey, rat or mouse receptor. Insulin receptor binds to this antibody very strongly on a immunoaffinity column and cannot be eluted by gentle means, but it retains insulin stimulated tyrosine kinase activity while immobilized to immunoaffinity column. This antibody also activates insulin receptor mediated histone phosphorylation in vitro. It has been proposed that this antireceptor antibody modulates receptor function by causing conformational perturbation in vitro. PMID- 3144694 TI - Preferential and novel activation of H-ras in human bladder carcinomas. AB - In a survey of primary human bladder carcinomas from 24 patients, using the NIH/3T3 transfection nude mouse tumor assay, we have detected an activated c-H ras-1 gene in four cases. Two of these scored negative in primary transfections using a NIH/3T3 focus assay. Oligonucleotide analysis of genomic and enzymatically amplified DNA revealed substitution of valine at codon 12 in DNA from three transfectants and their parental carcinomas, which was absent from the DNA of normal tissue of each of these patients. The fourth activation was identified as a cysteine substitution at codon 13, a novel activation of c-H-ras 1 in a solid tumor sample. Thus, all seven activated ras genes reported in human urothelial tumors (Fujita et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 3849-3853, 1985) have been c-H-ras-1 genes, strongly suggesting that this member of the ras gene family is preferentially activated in cells of transitional origin. PMID- 3144695 TI - Molecular analysis of sodium butyrate-induced growth arrest. AB - Sodium butyrate has been shown to exert dramatic effects on the growth of cells in culture. It inhibits DNA synthesis, arrests actively proliferating cells in G1 and induces differentiation. The mechanism responsible for these various anti proliferative effects is presently unknown. We wished to study the effects of sodium butyrate on cell growth at the molecular level, by analyzing the pattern of expression exhibited by several growth-associated genes (e.g., c-fos, c-myc, p53 and thymidine kinase) in Swiss 3T3 cells following treatment with sodium butyrate. Our results suggest that sodium butyrate-induced growth arrest of Swiss 3T3 cells (1) can be distinguished at a molecular level from the arrest brought about by other means of growth arrest; (2) does not result from a generalized mechanism which non-specifically shuts down the expression of growth-associated genes but rather occurs via a more specific mechanism which leads to the reduction in the expression of certain genes (e.g., c-myc, p53, thymidine kinase) while inducing the expression of others (e.g., c-fos, aP2); and (3) may involve one or more of the molecular events leading to adipocyte differentiation. PMID- 3144696 TI - Transient expression of c-fos and constant expression of c-myc in freshly isolated and cultured normal adult rat hepatocytes. AB - A rapid and transient induction of the c-fos transcript followed 4 hr later by long-term increase in the c-myc transcript was observed after disruption of the liver tissue with collagenase or EDTA perfusion and after in vitro detachment of the cell-sheet of liver cells in culture. This increase of c-fos and c-myc transcripts could result from both an increased gene transcription and a stabilization of the corresponding mRNAs, as suggested by the effects of cycloheximide and actinomycin D. This increase was dependent on the extent of cell dissociation and isolation and was not the effect of dissociating agents. These findings strongly argue in favor of the role of cell-cell interactions in the induction of these two oncogenes. They are consistent with observations made on injured cells, or cells entering the G1 phase or undergoing differentiation since all these situations involve morphological changes and cell-cell contact modifications. In addition, evidence is given for a constant expression of the c myc gene in normal hepatocytes maintained in non-proliferative primary culture. This unexpected c-myc maintenance raises the question of the role of this oncogene in hepatocyte differentiation. PMID- 3144697 TI - Growth of E mu-myc transgenic B-lymphoid cells in vitro and their evolution toward autonomy. AB - Constitutive expression of the c-myc oncogene in the B lymphoid cells of E mu-myc transgenic mice promotes cellular proliferation and predisposes to lymphomagenesis. To delineate further how the pre-B cells of prelymphomatous mice have been altered, we have investigated their growth in vitro. They were not autonomous, since they died rapidly when cultured without feeder cells. When cultured on bone marrow stromal cells, E mu-myc cells initially grew to only slightly higher densities than B lineage cells from normal mice, but were larger and showed more cell cycle activity. After 14 weeks, all cultures appeared oligo- or monoclonal, as judged by analysis of Ig gene rearrangements. While the growth of the normal cells was constant, the E mu-myc cells started to grow to 10-fold higher densities after 14-20 weeks, implying a reduced requirement for growth factors. They remained dependent on feeder cells and were non-tumorigenic. By 25 weeks, however, the one remaining culture had become feeder-independent and tumorigenic. We suggest that deregulated c-myc expression in B cell precursors increases the rate of cell turnover, thereby increasing the frequency of genetic changes conductive to autonomous growth. PMID- 3144698 TI - Negative regulation of c-abl tyrosine kinase by its variable N-terminal amino acids. AB - Activation of the oncogenic potential of c-abl proto-oncogene has been correlated with the activation of its tyrosine kinase activity. The oncogenes derived from c abl, e.g., gag/v-abl in Abelson murine leukemia virus or bcr/abl in chronic myelogenous leukemia, lack N-terminal coding sequences of the normal c-abl gene. In mouse and human cells, two sets of N-terminal amino acids encoded by 5' variable exons are found in c-abl proteins. To assess the importance of N terminal deletion in the activation of c-abl tyrosine kinase, a full length or an N-terminal deleted c-abl protein was expressed in bacteria and in monkey COS cells. Measurements of the autokinase activity of these two c-abl proteins showed that deletion of the N-terminal amino acids led to a three to five fold increase of the c-abl tyrosine kinase activity. Thus, the N-terminal deletion is important in the activation of c-abl proto-oncogene. PMID- 3144699 TI - [Leucocytozoa (Haemosporidia, Leucocytozoidae) as biological markers in population research on birds]. AB - Data on the infection of birds with Leucocytozoon were suggested to be used for investigation of the structure of hosts' populations in the regions isolated by ecological barriers where breeding places of bloodsucking flies (Simuliidae) are absent. Conducted parasitological investigations have shown that when migrating through the Courland Spit birds of more northern populations extensively infected with Leucocytozoon either do not merge with local populations of chaffinch, willow wren and icterine warbler or their portion is quite negligible. This phenomenon is indicative of the relative stability of the above Courland Spit populations of birds. PMID- 3144700 TI - Surrogate testing for non-A, non-B hepatitis in Queensland, Australia: an ALT microtitre tray method for screening blood donors. AB - The estimation of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) has been proposed as a surrogate test to identify potential non-A, non-B hepatitis carriers in blood donor populations. This report describes an ALT screening procedure which uses wells of microtitration trays as reactant vessels. The method utilizes a rate reading photometer, is economical and conveniently fits into the routine workflow. Within-batch and between-batch precision was 4.1% and 6.3% at enzyme concentrations of 49 IU/I. Results of testing 29,675 healthy blood donors gave values which ranged between 1.0 IU/I and 214 IU/I. A study of 762 donations showed a significant difference in mean ALT values between males and females (p less than 0.01). When a cut-off value of 46 IU/I was used, 2.5 percent of donations were considered unsuitable for transfusion. The medico-legal implications that may arise from the introduction of this screening test into the routine work flow are discussed. PMID- 3144701 TI - Enantiomers of oxyphenonium bromide. Analytical and pharmacological aspects. PMID- 3144702 TI - Setting limits: medical goals in an aging society. PMID- 3144703 TI - A retroviral expression vector containing murine immunoglobulin heavy chain promoter/enhancer. PMID- 3144704 TI - The structure of nucleosomal core particles within transcribed and repressed gene regions. AB - The arrangement of histones along DNA in nucleosomal core particles within transcribed heat shock gene (hsp 70) region and repressed insertion within ribosomal genes of Drosophila was analysed by using protein-DNA crosslinking methods combined with hybridization tests. In addition, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was employed to compare the overall nucleosomal shape and the nucleosomal DNA size. The arrangement of histones along DNA and general compactness of nucleosomes were shown to be rather similar in transcriptionally active and inactive genomic regions. On the other hand, nucleosomes within transcriptionally active chromatin are characterized by a larger size of nucleosomal DNA produced by micrococcal nuclease digestion and some peculiarity in electrophoretic mobility. PMID- 3144705 TI - Recombinational resolution in primate cells of two homologous human DNA segments with a gradient of sequence divergence. AB - Human alpha-thalassemia-2 genotype -alpha 4.2 is the result of meiotic recombination between two 1.3 kb long, homologous DNA segments, X(alpha 2) and X(alpha 1), located in the adult alpha globin locus. The two segments can also undergo intramolecular recombination on extrachromosomal vectors transfected into mitotically dividing primate cells (COS 7). The existence of a gradient of sequence divergence between X(alpha 2) and X(alpha 1) makes them an interesting system to study the relationship between efficiencies of homologous DNA recombination and the extent of dispersed and localized base mismatches. By partial restriction mapping and DNA sequencing of plasmids recombined in COS 7 cells and rescued from bacteria HB 101, we have determined the distribution of recombinational resolution sites along the two X blocks. Most, if not all, of the homologous recombination events between the two X blocks appear to be single crossing-over without efficient gene correction or repair of base mismatches. The distribution of the sites of recombinational resolution is inversely correlated with that of the gradient of sequence divergence, with only approximately 7% of the X recombinants resolved within the 3' third of the X blocks where two diverged Alu family repeats reside. The Alu sequence within which one of the X recombinants resolved is homologous to a previously characterized alpha thalassemia deletion point. PMID- 3144706 TI - ADP-ribosylation is involved in the integration of foreign DNA into the mammalian cell genome. AB - The most commonly used DNA transfection method, which employs the calcium phosphate co-precipitation of the donor DNA, involves several discrete steps (1,2). These include the uptake of the donor DNA by the recipient cells, the transport of the DNA to the nucleus, transient expression prior to integration into the host cell genome, concatenation and integration of the transfected DNA into the host cell genome and finally the stable expression of the integrated genes (2,3). Both the concatenation and the integration of the donor DNA into the host genome involve the formation and ligation of DNA strand-breaks. In the present study we demonstrate that the nuclear enzyme, adenosine diphosphoribosyl transferase (ADPRT, E.C. 2.4.2.30), which is dependent on the presence of DNA strand breaks for its activity (4,5) and necessary for the efficient ligation of DNA strand-breaks in eukaryotic cells (4,6), is required for the integration of donor DNA into the host genome. However, ADPRT activity does not influence the uptake of DNA into the cell, its episomal maintenance or replication, nor its expression either before or after integration into the host genome. These observations strongly suggest the involvement of ADPRT activity in eukaryotic DNA recombination events. PMID- 3144707 TI - [Results and evaluation of levels of p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT and polychlorobiphenyls (PCB) in samples of human milk taken from the Rome area]. PMID- 3144708 TI - [Epidemiological significance of poultry in the transmission of Salmonella, Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes: investigation of unchecked specimens for sale in the marketplace]. PMID- 3144709 TI - Infection rates in central venous catheter dressings. PMID- 3144710 TI - A clinical update: the role of interferon in the biotherapy of solid tumors. PMID- 3144711 TI - Comparisons of glucose and amino acid use in adults and microfilariae of Brugia pahangi. AB - With [U-14C]glucose we confirmed that essentially all of the glucose carbon used aerobically by intact Brugia pahangi adults was accounted for in the recovered lactate, in spite of the presence of cristate mitochondria in these parasites. Approximately 0.2% of the glucose carbon that disappeared was recovered in CO2. However, aerobiosis was required for the incorporation of alanine, proline, and glutamate into both respiratory CO2 and protein, but the glucose was used on the order of 1000 times faster than the amino acids. Homogenate fractions were examined for amino acid use, and all except the 100,000 g soluble fraction showed activity. However, all of the active fractions also contained living microfilariae and other developmental stages that arise from the adult uterus, since the females give birth to living larvae. Sonicates of the microfilariae formed CO2 from proline 30 times more rapidly than crude homogenates of the adult. Similarly, CO2 was formed from glucose 14 times more rapidly by intact microfilariae than by intact adults. The possibility arises that the low rates of CO2 formation from both the amino acids and glucose by intact adults may arise from the metabolism of the aerobic microfilariae and other developmental stages present in utero. PMID- 3144712 TI - The energy metabolism of Schistosoma mansoni during its development in the hamster. AB - A detailed study was made of the changes in the carbohydrate metabolism of Schistosoma mansoni occurring during both the penetration of the skin of a hamster and the subsequent development of the schistosome in the lung, liver, and mesenteric veins of the host. During infection, within a few hours a transition occurs from a fully aerobic to a largely anaerobic energy metabolism. By 5 h postinfection, about 6% of carbohydrate breakdown occurs in the aerobic reactions of the Krebs cycle, whereas the rest occurs in the anaerobic formation of lactate. The contribution of aerobic processes to carbohydrate breakdown remains at this level of 6% until 3 weeks postinfection and then gradually declines to the adult level of 2.5%. Measurement of the protein content of developing schistosomes shows that an exponential growth occurs over a 15-day period after the arrival of the schistosomes in the liver (days 11-25 postinfection). During this period the protein content of the parasites increases about 100-fold, but despite this change in size, no major changes occur in the end-product pattern of carbohydrate breakdown. We conclude that during this period the rate of oxygen diffusion into the tissues is not a limiting factor for aerobic metabolism. A limited diffusion of oxygen may play a role in the decreasing contribution of aerobic processes during the later stages of maturation of the schistosomes. PMID- 3144713 TI - Toltrazuril effective against a broad spectrum of protozoan parasites. PMID- 3144714 TI - Arachidonate metabolism in immunologic systems. PMID- 3144716 TI - Lymphocytes and arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 3144715 TI - Lipid mediators of hypersensitivity. PMID- 3144717 TI - The release of arachidonic acid from cellular lipids. PMID- 3144718 TI - Effect of inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase on the heat response of HeLa S3 cells. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate a possible involvement of poly(ADP ribosyl)ation reactions in hyperthermic cell killing and hyperthermic DNA strand break induction and repair in HeLa S3 cells. The inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, 3-aminobenzamide (3AB) and 4-aminobenzamide (4AB), were used as tools in this study. Both inhibitors could sensitize the cells for hyperthermic cell killing equally well, although 3AB is known to be a more effective enzyme inhibitor. The heat sensitization at the level of cell killing could be reversed when the compounds were still present during a 4-h postincubation at 37 degrees C. More heat-induced DNA strand breaks were formed in the presence of 3AB and 4AB. Repair of strand breaks was inhibited during the postincubation at 37 degrees C. Thus the effect of 3AB and 4AB on DNA strand-break repair was different from the cited effect on cell survival. It is concluded that the sensitizing effect of 3AB and 4AB on hyperthermic cell killing is not caused by inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and is also not related to repair of DNA strand breaks. PMID- 3144719 TI - Poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitors increase radiation and thermal sensitivity but do not affect thermotolerance. AB - The effects of 3-aminobenzamide and benzamide (inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose] synthetase on heat and radiation responses of Chinese hamster V79 cells have been examined. Consistent with earlier reports the inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) formation caused radiosensitization and inhibition of repair of radiation-induced potentially lethal damage. Both benzamide and 3-aminobenzamide caused thermosensitization for heating temperatures ranging from 42-45 degrees C. Benzamide had a greater effect than 3-aminobenzamide at equimolar concentrations. Thermosensitization increased with concentration of the inhibitors and was greater for prolonged heating times. While both inhibitors caused thermosensitization, they did not affect the time scale for the development of thermotolerance at 42 degrees C or after acute heating at 45 degrees C. The inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribosylation) radiosensitizers and thermosensitizers may be of use in the treatment of cancer using a combined modality of radiation and hyperthermia. PMID- 3144720 TI - The effects of phenobarbital on serum high density lipoprotein subfractions and apolipoproteins. AB - Prospective studies report that a pharmacologic elevation of serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration may be of value in the prevention of atherosclerosis. In this study phenobarbital, 50 mg at bedtime for ten days, increased serum HDL cholesterol, HDL2 cholesterol and HDL cholesterol/cholesterol and HDL cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-I ratios. Phenobarbital treated subjects had serum lipoprotein profile typical of low risk of ischemic heart disease. PMID- 3144721 TI - The proteins immunochemically related to P-450 HFLa, a major form of cytochrome P 450 in human fetal livers, are present in liver microsomes from various animal species. AB - Proteins immunochemically reactive with anti-P-450 HFLa IgG were detectable in liver microsomes from all of the animals examined, although considerable variations of the amounts were observed among the animal species. The smallest amount was found in liver microsomes from female rats and the largest amount in monkey liver microsomes. Sex difference in the amounts was observed in rat liver microsomes but not in dog liver microsomes. No strain difference was observed among ddY, ICR and BALB/C mice. The activities of testosterone 6 beta hydroxylases in liver microsomes from rats, dogs and monkeys were highly sensitive to inhibition by anti-P-450 HFLa IgG, but those in microsomes from guinea pigs and rabbits were less sensitive to inhibition by the antibodies. PMID- 3144722 TI - [A study of the lead-labeling method in the dentin of the deciduous teeth of puppies]. PMID- 3144723 TI - [Listeria meningitis in a healthy young adult]. PMID- 3144724 TI - [Artificial feeding in esophageal surgery. The caustic or neoplastic esophagus]. PMID- 3144725 TI - [Treatment of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 3144726 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis after exposure to antibiotic-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PMID- 3144727 TI - [Inhibition of post-partum physiological milk secretion by caffeine dihydroergocryptine and dihydroergotoxine]. AB - Starting from the structural analogy between bromo-ergocryptine (Parlodel) and dihydroergocryptine caffeine (Vasobral), as well as with dihydroergotoxine (Hydergine), the authors decided to test the efficacy of the last two products in inhibiting post-partum physiological milk secretion. Twelve patients will be treated with either one of the two products, with a clinical and biological efficacy (serum prolactin level assay) which is comparable to that found in the literature regarding Parlodel. This study confirm the results obtained in a study of the inhibition of hyper-prolactinemia of other origin, by the same authors. PMID- 3144728 TI - [Enteral feeding. Importance, practical realization and surveillance]. PMID- 3144729 TI - [Catheters for enteral feeding. Putting them in place and monitoring]. PMID- 3144730 TI - Tissue plasminogen activator and inhibitors of fibrinolysis in malignant melanoma. AB - Various human malignant tumors including malignant melanoma showed an absence of fibrinolytic activity in previous histochemical fibrin studies. In contrast, a tissue plasminogen activator has been isolated both from extracts of melanoma tissues and melanoma cell lines in culture and has been characterized to be a potent plasminogen activator. In an attempt to resolve this apparent discrepancy, we studied biopsies specimens of melanoma, several melanoma cell lines and melanoma xenografts by the immunoperoxidase method. Tissue plasminogen activator was observed in melanoma tissues, cell lines and xenografts, while various inhibitors of fibrinolysis, including alpha 2-antiplasmin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin and antithrombin III, were found intracellularly only in the melanoma tumor cells but not in melanoma cell lines nor in xenografts. We believe that these inhibitors are derived from the blood and are bound to the tissue plasminogen activator within the melanoma cells. Their presence in tumor cells would explain the lack of fibrinolytic activity in melanoma tissues. PMID- 3144731 TI - [Blockade of the inhibitory effect of Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin on cytochrome P-450 using Edtacal]. PMID- 3144732 TI - Catecholamine binding and concentrations in acute phase plasma after surgery. AB - The present study was undertaken to decide whether the bound fractions and/or total concentrations of catecholamines were determinative for the variability of biologically active concentrations in human plasma. The binding and concentrations of noradrenaline (NA) and adrenalin (Adr) were determined in acute phase plasma after major hip surgery in five subjects. The bound fractions before surgery were 23.0% and 18.4% for NA and Adr, respectively. The binding of catecholamines increased in the post-operative period. Five days after surgery the binding of NA and Adr was 30.9% and 24.0%, respectively. The surgical trauma induced an acute phase reaction in plasma with a decrease of albumin (HSA) concentrations whereas the concentrations of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AAG) increased. The catecholamine concentrations showed a considerable inter- and intraindividual variability. However, the present work shows that the variability of the biologically active catecholamine concentrations is mainly dependent on the total plasma concentrations and not the plasma protein binding. PMID- 3144733 TI - Adhesion to dentin by means of Gluma resin. AB - In its present version, the Gluma system for bonding restorative resin to dentin involves the application of an enamel bonding agent prior to the composite resin. Conceivably, pretreating the dentin with solutions of amino acids, and incorporating camphorquinone and selected methacrylic monomers into the Gluma adhesive would nullify the need for the enamel bonding agent. A bond strength to dentin of 13.4 MPa was obtained in the control experiment. Using a solution of pyruvic acid and glycine as pretreatment, and an optimized adhesive mixture containing glutaraldehyde, HEMA, BIS-GMA, camphorquinone, and water, bond strengths to dentin of 14.5 MPa and to enamel of 23.3 MPa were obtained. Thus, the new Gluma bonding system gave acceptable bond strengths without the prior application of enamel bonding agents. PMID- 3144734 TI - [Verification of the quality of commercial glutaraldehyde solutions used in electron microscopy]. PMID- 3144735 TI - Grand mal fitting in a patient on regular haemodialysis treatment and receiving desferrioxamine therapy. AB - Fitting due to aluminium toxicity has been previously reported in chronic dialysis patients with prolonged exposure to aluminium, resulting in excessive aluminium accumulation. However, we report a case of a patient who fitted whilst receiving Desferrioxamine therapy, following a fall with the consequent sudden release of aluminium from fractured ribs. This suggests that sudden increases in serum aluminium levels may carry neurological sequelae. PMID- 3144736 TI - [Fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarct. Treatment rate, assessment and follow up treatment in the Zurich hospitals]. AB - We report the results of i.v. fibrinolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated in four major hospitals in Zurich. Between 1986 and 1988 only 96 (9%) of 1069 patients admitted to intensive care units with acute myocardial infarction received thrombolytic therapy (less than 3 hours after onset of symptoms), 7% (50/703) during the first treatment period (streptokinase for 14 months), 13% (46/306) during the second treatment period (rt-PA for 8 months). The hospital mortality was 4% and severe complications of fibrinolytic therapy occurred in 4%. Coronary angiography was performed in 60% of patients in 1986/87 and in 87% in 1987/88. Despite this significant increase in invasive diagnostic procedures the percentage of patients after thrombolysis qualifying for invasive therapy remained unchanged at 53%. The indications for PTCA or bypass surgery were postinfarct angina in 41%, silent ischemia in 5%, left main coronary artery stenosis or multivessel disease with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction in 16%, and residual high grade stenosis with preserved contractility of the infarct-related myocardium in 38%. The mean in-hospital stay was 16 days, with significant variation from 13 to 22 days between the different hospitals (p less than 0.05). In the follow-up of 65 men aged below 65 years, 75% of the patients undergoing invasive therapy and 65% of those treated medically had returned to work 6 months after myocardial infarction. Due to the limited possibility of detecting viable myocardium by non-invasive methods, and the high rate of invasive therapy necessary in our patients, further management after thrombolysis should generally include large scale coronary angiography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144737 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of acute arterial occlusion]. AB - 163 patients underwent surgery for acute ischemia of the lower extremity between 1982 and 1986. Thrombosis was present in 50 cases and embolism in 113. Half of the patients with thrombosis showed signs of chronic occlusive disease of the arteries (intermittent claudication); in the latter group 2/3 of the patients had atrial fibrillation and 1/4 coronary heart disease. For embolism Fogarty-catheter clot extraction was performed, mainly under local anesthesia. This procedure is easy to perform even under emergency conditions (mortality 10%, amputation rate 8%). In contrast, the surgical procedure in thrombotic occlusion was more demanding (mortality 4%, amputation rate 16%) and in the case of severe ischemia had to be carried out on an emergency basis. In case of less severe ischemia the treatment consisted in initial heparinization and elective revascularization when the patient was stabilized. A new therapeutic approach involving local catheter thrombolysis, catheter clot aspiration and balloon dilatation is presented. The combined catheter intervention produces good results in 70% of patients, particularly those with femoral thrombosis. PMID- 3144738 TI - Normal but not hypertriglyceridemic very low-density lipoprotein induces rapid release of tissue plasminogen activator from cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. PMID- 3144739 TI - Fibrinolysis and atherosclerosis. PMID- 3144740 TI - Approaches for drug development in treatment of advanced melanoma. PMID- 3144741 TI - [A world-wide strategy ...]. PMID- 3144742 TI - [AIDS in focus]. PMID- 3144743 TI - [The biology of the virus]. PMID- 3144744 TI - [The clinical symptoms]. PMID- 3144745 TI - [Standards of behavior]. PMID- 3144746 TI - [Psychological aspects: information, prevention and the company of patients with AIDS]. PMID- 3144747 TI - [Combatting AIDS in intravenous drug abusers]. PMID- 3144748 TI - [3 health technicians are left with antibodies after contact with blood]. PMID- 3144749 TI - [AIDS has arrived to stay]. PMID- 3144750 TI - [If it is AIDS, please don't tell anyone]. PMID- 3144751 TI - [Why not treat all biological fluids and blood as infectious?]. PMID- 3144752 TI - [Declaration on AIDS education]. PMID- 3144753 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). 10 guidelines for individual protection. Ministry of Health, AIDS Working Group]. PMID- 3144754 TI - Criteria for screening: are the effects predictable? PMID- 3144755 TI - Scoliosis screening. An approach to cost/benefit analysis. PMID- 3144756 TI - Electrophysiologic diagnosis of cervical OPLL myelopathy using evoked spinal cord potentials. AB - The purpose of this study is to establish the correct diagnosis of the location and extent of intraspinal cord lesions in cases of continuous or mixed-type ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and to estimate the postoperative prognosis using evoked spinal cord potentials (ESCP). Twenty-six patients, who underwent surgery from 1985 to 1987 and who have been followed for more than 6 months, were examined using a conductive ESCP, which demonstrates lower extremity, bowel, and bladder function, and a segmental ESCP and dermatome segmental ESCP, which demonstrate upper extremity function. A five-pole recording electrode was placed in the cervical epidural space. The stimulation sites were the thoracic epidural space for conductive ESCP, the median nerve at the elbow for the segmental ESCP, and the finger surface for the dermatome segmental ESCP. In cases in which the ESCP disappeared at the middle of the narrow cervical spinal canal, another stimulating electrode was placed in the cisterna magna, and a descending conductive ESCP was recorded to monitor the upper border of the spinal lesion. New findings, which could not be observed by roentgenograms, myelography, and CT scan, were detectable using this technique. PMID- 3144757 TI - Anterior cervical fusion using the free vascularized fibular graft. AB - A free vascularized fibular graft with microvascular anastomoses was applied to six clinical cases of anterior cervical fusion for cervical spondylosis with myelopathy (two patients) and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament with myelopathy in four. The numbers of levels fused were three in five patients, and two in one. Their follow-up period ranged from 14 to 42 months (mean, 26 months). Union of the graft occurred between 2.5 and 5 months (mean, 3.4 months) postoperatively. There were no nonunions nor any serious complications. This technique is indicated for multilevel intervertebral fusion in which the nonunion or delayed union rate with conventional bone grafting may be high. PMID- 3144758 TI - Cervical laminoplasty (Hattori's method). Procedure and follow-up results. AB - Posterior decompression plus posterior reconstruction (laminoplasty) is a useful surgical method for treatment of cervical compressive myelopathy. There are many laminoplasty procedures. This paper describes the Z-shaped laminoplasty developed by Hattori in 1971, and presents a clinical follow-up of the authors' experience with 130 patients. The procedure involves grinding the laminae down with an air drill and making a Z-shaped cut into the thinned laminae without excising the laminae. This technique enlarges the spinal canal. The purpose of this technique is to decompress the spinal cord and at the same time maintain clinical stability. Postoperative results were satisfactory without any major complication. Follow-up study was conducted in 78 cases with a minimal follow-up period of more than 2 years. Satisfactory clinical results were maintained for long periods postoperatively, and the enlargement of the spinal canal was well maintained as demonstrated on follow up X-ray study. PMID- 3144759 TI - Hyperostotic lumbar spinal stenosis. A review of 12 surgically treated cases with roentgenographic survey of ossification of the yellow ligament at the lumbar spine. AB - Although there is considerable literature concerning ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament or the ligamentous flava (OPLL or OYL) in the cervical and thoracic spine, there are only a few references about OPLL or OYL in the lumbar spine. The authors have described lumbar spinal stenosis due to OPLL or OYL as hyperostotic lumbar spinal stenosis, and analyzed 12 surgically documented cases with this condition. The symptoms and signs of hyperostotic lumbar spinal stenosis are the same as those seen in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, but the degree of paraparesis is much more severe in hyperostotic lumbar spinal stenosis. Computed tomography scan imaging clearly demonstrates OPLL or OYL in the lumbar spine, although some lesions can be seen on the lateral view of a plain roentgenogram. The results of 12 surgical cases suggest that decompression laminectomy produces relief of symptoms. An analysis of 2,403 plain lumbar roentgenograms showed an incidence of 8.4% OYL in the lumbar spine, with frequent involvement of the upper and middle lumbar spine. A classification system of OYL in the lumbar spine has been developed. The entire spine should be examined before surgery on a patient with hyperostotic lumbar spinal stenosis because of a tendency to ossify spinal ligaments at other levels. PMID- 3144760 TI - Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the serodiagnosis of amoebic liver abscess. AB - An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated for the detection of anti-amoebic IgG and IgM antibodies to assess its value in distinguishing past from current infection in invasive amoebiasis, particularly in amoebic liver abscess (ALA) patients. Using sera from 295 individuals, the ELISA was also compared with the amoebic gel diffusion (AGD) test. In 100 patients the IgG-ELISA at a single test dilution of 1/6,400 had a sensitivity of 99% for clinically diagnosed ALA. In these same patients the IgM-ELISA at a single dilution of 1/400, had a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 97.9%. No cross-reactions were observed in sera from patients with collagen vascular disease. In 121 patients without clinical invasive amoebiasis, 8 were AGD positive and 12 were IgG-ELISA-positive, giving the latter assay a specificity of 91.7%. This is thought to be due to past infection with Entamoeba histolytica. In symptomless carriers of pathogenic zymodemes, 10/11 were seropositive by the IgG ELISA and 11/11 by the AGD test. There was an excellent correlation between the IgG-ELISA and the AGD test (r = 0.99). The IgG-ELISA is a sensitive, specific, simple and rapid test. It has the clinical advantage that results are obtainable 2 1/2 hours after receipt of the specimen, compared with the 24-48 hours required for the AGD test. The prompt availability of IgG-ELISA results could prove advantageous for implementation of early therapy. The IgM-ELISA was not found to be sensitive enough to be used as an index of active amoebic infection. PMID- 3144761 TI - [Pion radiotherapy of unresectable soft tissue sarcomas at the Swiss Institute for Nuclear Research]. AB - The Swiss Institute for Nuclear Research SIN at Villigen is one of the three centres in the world (LAMPF, Los Alamos; TRIUMF, Vancouver) where pion therapy is possible. A dynamic, tumour conforming spot scan technique for the treatment of deep-seated tumours has been in use since November 1981. With this technique with a favorable integral dose distribution, curative irradiation also of advanced tumours in the retroperitoneum and pelvis is possible. Only at SIN, the treatment of non-resectable soft tissue sarcomas with pions is part of the clinical program. Between 1983 and 1985 totally nine patients were treated, 1/9 with three manifestations, 1/9 with palliative intent. In 20 fractions over five weeks (four fractions a week) total doses of 30 to 36 Gy (90% isodose) were applied. In a follow-up period of eleven to 43 months (median 18 months) only 1/10 tumour manifestations treated with greater than or equal to 30 Gy failed locally. The two-year survival rate (Kaplan-Meier) is 56%. Metastases were the cause of death in 3/5 patients, 1/5 heart disease, 1/5 local tumour progression. Even though 9/11 tumours were located in the retroperitoneum or pelvis, no radiogenic morbidity of the bowel was found. These preliminary results stimulate the intensification of this clinical program. 1986 the same number of patients with non-resectable soft tissue sarcomas was treated as in the whole period 1982 to 1985 before. PMID- 3144762 TI - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) stimulates plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) production by endothelial cells and decreases blood fibrinolytic activity in the rat. AB - The effect of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was studied in vitro on human endothelial cells. TNF (1-1000 pg/ml) induced a dose-dependent increase in PAI level in the supernatant from 6 to 25 U/ml as estimated against urokinase. This effect was time-dependent. It was not suppressed by Polymyxin B thus excluding a possible contribution of an endotoxin contamination. Fibrinoenzymography performed after SDS-PAGE showed that this inhibitor neutralized urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator and gave rise to high molecular weight complexes. TNF (30 micrograms/kg) was also injected in rat. Blood fibrinolytic activity determined 4 hr later was decreased as estimated by the prolongation of the euglobulin clot lysis time from 37 to 188 min. Fibrinoenzymographic profile of the plasma was then characterized by a fainting of the tPA lysis band but the capacity of plasma to neutralize urokinase was not significantly modified. These results suggest that TNF could alter the fibrinolytic balance by stimulating PAI production at the endothelial level. This might be of importance in synergy with the TNF-induced procoagulant activity for promoting vascular occlusion of tumor capillaries. PMID- 3144763 TI - Functional identification of t-PA in crude and purified systems. AB - In the present study the activation of glu-plasminogen by fibrin-bound t-PA was determined by integrating spectrophotometric and computer analysis of the reaction. Our aim was to determine the parameters of the activation and to characterize the functional activity of t-PA. Our results indicate that the t-PA present in purified or crude sources such as plasma or culture supernatants, can be specifically identified using the methodology described in this report. PMID- 3144764 TI - Changes in levels of t-PA and alpha 2PI-plasmin complex in plasma in patients with DIC. AB - Levels of alpha 2PI-plasmin complex and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in plasma were determined in 10 cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with marked coagulopathy and in 10 cases of hematological malignancies with DIC to investigate relevance to fibrinolysis. In the both groups, levels of alpha 2PI plasmin complex increased and were inversely proportional to levels of fibrinogen and alpha 2PI. Levels of t-PA in plasma increased moderately in the majority of the both groups. Serial observation of the concentrations of t-PA with corresponding changes in the levels of fibrinogen, alpha 2PI, alpha 2PI-plasmin complex and FDP could not demonstrate any significant relationship between levels of t-PA and the other parameters. From these results, it is unlikely that levels of t-PA in plasma directly influence on the degree of consumption of alpha 2PI or of formation of alpha 2PI-plasmin complex in most cases of DIC. PMID- 3144765 TI - Measurements of the concentration of free plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and its complex with tissue plasminogen activator in human plasma. AB - A new assay system to measure free plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and its complex with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) was developed. A silicone piece coupled with anti-PAI-1 monoclonal antibody was incubated with human plasma or human plasma which had previously been incubated with t-PA in order to convert all the free PAI-1 to t-PA-PAI-1 complex. After incubation, the amounts of t-PA bound on each silicone piece were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The amounts of t-PA on a silicone piece incubated with plasma represent the amounts of t-PA-PAI 1 complex in the original plasma, and the amounts of t-PA on a silicone piece incubated with plasma previously added with t-PA represent total PAI-1 (the complex plus free PAI-1). Using the technique, the concentration of t-PA-PAI-1 complex seems to increase with age and there was a good correlation between the concentration of free PAI-1 and t-PA-PAI-1 complex in the plasma. PMID- 3144766 TI - Changes in various parameters of fibrinolysis in persons infused with tissue plasminogen activator: special reference to plasminogen activator inhibitor. AB - Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) purified from culture of human lung cells was infused over 30 min at the dose of 7.2 mg or 14.4 mg per person into human male volunteers. T-PA declined rapidly after the cessation of infusion with T1/2, alpha of about 4 min and T1/2, beta of about 40 min. The plasma fibrinogen and plasminogen did not change during and after the infusion of t-PA. The concentration of alpha 2antiplasmin (alpha 2AP) did not change but that of alpha 2AP-plasmin complex increased to about 200 nM at the infusion of 14.4 mg/person. Fragment D was hardly found at the infusion of 7.2 mg but some increase in the concentration of D was observed at the infusion of 14.4 mg. The concentration of free plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) rapidly declined and kept low up to 150 min, and returned to normal the following day. The concentration of t-PA-PAI 1 complex increased rapidly, and slowly declined after the end of the infusion of t-PA, suggesting no significant release of PAI-1 in response to increase in plasma concentration of t-PA or t-PA-PAI-1 complex. The addition of thrombin to the blood after withdrawal resulted in the significant formation of D-dimer, even at 150 min after the infusion. There was not hyperaggregability of platelets during and after the infusion of t-PA. These results suggest that the infusion of t-PA at the dose of 7.2 mg or 14.4 mg/person for 30 min resulted in high fibrinolytic potential in the blood without the breakdown of fibrinogen or increase in PAI-1. PMID- 3144767 TI - Susceptibility of plasminogen activators to suicide inactivation. AB - Halomethylated derivatives of dihydrocoumarins are efficient enzyme-activated inhibitors ("suicide" substrates) of plasminogen activators. Kinetic analysis indicate that the one-chain and two-chain forms of the human plasminogen activator are inhibited by 3,4-dihydro-3-benzyl-6-chloromethylcoumarin through a mechanism-based inactivation characterized by the following kinetic parameters (4 degrees C, pH 6.8) : k2 equal to 0.02 s-1 and 0.03 s-1 (for one- and two-chain tissue plasminogen activators, respectively) and Ki equal to 0.16 mM for both forms. Human urokinase and human tissue-type plasminogen activator can be discriminated on the basis of their inhibition by this suicide substrate. The design of a new series of suicide substrates of serine proteases (functionalized cyclopeptides possessing a potential alkylating function closely related to that found in halomethylated derivatives of dihydrocoumarins) is described. PMID- 3144768 TI - New type of plasminogen activator produced by an established cell line from human ovary. AB - An established cell line (OC-1) was obtained from human ovarian tissue, which yielded a high concentration of plasminogen activator (PA) in the culture medium. The PA (OC-1-PA) produced by the cell line was purified and compared with urokinase (u-PA), proform of UK (scu-PA), and tissue-type PA (t-PA) purified from human melanoma cells (Bowes). OC-1-PA was purified by Zn chelate-Sepharose affinity chromatography followed by high performance liquid chromatography with a Zn chelate-5PW column and with a p-aminobenzamidine-5PW column, giving a yield of 58.3% and a purification factor of 15,439. This purified material revealed a single band of Mr 55,000 on sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence or absence of reducing agents. Electrophoretic enzymography demonstrated that the Mr 55,000 protein band had a plasminogen dependent fibrinolytic activity. Treatment with plasmin did not change the Mr even in the presence of reducing agents. These results suggest that OC-1-PA has a single-chain structure protected from protease degradation, which is completely different from UK. The activator had higher affinities for lysine and fibrin than those of u-PA or scu-PA. An immunological study demonstrated that OC-1-PA cross reacted with anti-u-PA IgG but not with anti-t-PA IgG. All these findings indicate that OC-1-PA belongs immunologically to the u-PA type, but its structure differs from that of u-PA. PMID- 3144769 TI - Enhanced expression of urokinase activity on U 937 cell line by 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 induction. AB - 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a differentiation inducer for monocytic cell. It can induce a monoblastic cell line U937 to differentiate. In this paper, we report that by inducing the differentiation of U937, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 increased urokinase activity expression on U937 cell surfaces. After incubation of the cell with various concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the cell line showed a remarkable progressively increasing membrane-associated urokinase activity in a dose dependent manner. On the contrary, plasminogen activator inhibitor activity which was found in the culture medium is not modified by the 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 induction. This results suggests another role of 1,25 hydroxyvitamin D3 in the treatment of myelofibrosis, since enhanced plasmin generation can accelerate the activation of procollagenase. The induced plasmin and collagenase activities surrounding the monocytic cells may participate in the physiological and pathological events, especially in the connective tissue degradation. PMID- 3144770 TI - Defective thrombolysis due to collagen incorporation in fibrin clots. AB - The migration of fibroblasts into a clot may be responsible at least in part, for its organization, thus leading to a defective thrombolysis. We have shown that collagen incorporated in a fibrin clot induces a dramatic decrease in fibrinolysis. Despite the fact that plasminogen binds to collagen, tissue plasminogen activator induced plasminogen activation in the presence of fibrin is only slightly decreased by the presence of collagen. This rather suggests that collagen induces a modification in clot structure, by rendering fibrin less accessible to fibrinolytic enzyme. PMID- 3144771 TI - Quantitative analysis of fibrin-binding affinity of fibrinolytic components by frontal affinity chromatography. AB - Binding affinity of fibrinolytic factors to insolubilized lysine and fibrin was quantitatively measured by frontal affinity chromatography using lysine-Toyopearl and fibrin-Sepharose column. The highest binding affinity was found with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), followed by lysyl plasminogen and glutamyl-plasminogen (Glu-PLg) with intermediate affinity, but very low affinity by single chain UK-type plasminogen activator, high molecular weight UK and low molecular weight UK. At the coexistence of EACA, fibrin-binding affinity of Glu-PLg was greatly reduced, but those of UK's were substantially unchanged. It was concluded that high fibrin-binding affinity of t-PA and plasminogens were largely related to the lysine-binding affinity of these enzymes, but that of UK's would be related to the other binding affinity. PMID- 3144772 TI - Measurement of tPA and tPA-PAI-1 complexes by ELISA, using monoclonal antibodies: clinical relevance. AB - Two ELISA methods using monoclonal antibodies, are described for the measurement of tPA:Ag and tPA-PAI-1 complexes. On normal population tPA:Ag was found with a mean value of 5 ng/ml. Furthermore, despite that tPA activity was very low, only 50% (mean value) was measured as stable complexes with PAI-1. Important increase of tPA:Ag was observed in various pathologies (cardiac infarction, septicemia, respiratory distress syndrome). In liver disease, tPA:Ag reached high levels up to 100 ng/ml. Impaired liver clearance can potentiate the increased concentration which results from endothelial release. In all patients with elevated tPA:Ag level, 70 to 100% of tPA was complexed to PAI-1. Excess release of PAI-1 accompanys the increased release of tPA as it is proved by presence of high residual PAI-1 activity. Addition of exogeneous tPA to these pathological plasmas induced a high increase in tPA-PAI-1 complexes. Venous stasis in normal population resulted in a parallel increase of tPA:Ag and tPA-PAI-1 complexes. Although about a two fold increase was obtained for both parameters, post venous stasis plasma presented a much higher fibrinolytic activity while PAI-1 activity was moderately elevated. tPA:Ag and tPA-PAI-1 complexes have diagnosis and prognosis value in various pathologies as indicators of stimulated release of fibrinolysis activator and inhibitor. PMID- 3144773 TI - [The ovarian cycle and its regulation]. PMID- 3144774 TI - [Pancreas transplantation. Still an experimental surgery?]. PMID- 3144775 TI - [Economic control and efficiency in hospital management]. PMID- 3144776 TI - [Prevention and treatment of infections in patients with primary immunodeficiencies]. AB - In this review, the several possibilities of treatment of immunodeficiencies are discussed. Preventive measurements, supportive therapy as well as the way in which infections especially in immunodeficient patients have to be treated are described. Caution with active immunization is always necessary. PMID- 3144778 TI - The degree of PCB chlorination determines whether the rise in urinary homovanillic acid production in rats is peripheral or central in origin. AB - Commercial mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, Aroclor 1016, 1254, and 1260) differing in their degree of chlorination and their accumulation in the brain were employed along with a peripheral monoamine oxidase inhibitor, debrisoquin sulfate (Declinax, DS) to determine whether the rise in urinary homovanillic acid (UHVA) following exposure to these PCBs is derived from the peripheral or central nervous system. Rats were gavaged with either corn oil or corn oil containing Aroclor 1016 or a mixture of Aroclors 1254 and 1260 and 24-hr UHVA production was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. All animals also received ip injections of DS to inhibit peripheral production of HVA. Analysis of variance indicated that, following DS treatment, 24-hr UHVA production remained significantly elevated in the Aroclor 1254/1260-exposed animals; while no significant differences between Aroclor 1016-exposed animals and controls were noted. The rise in UHVA in the Aroclor 1254/1260 group involves HVA of central origin whereas the rise in the Aroclor 1016-treated animals is only peripheral. Thus, PCBs that differ in their degree of chlorination alter dopaminergic functions in anatomically different locations. PMID- 3144777 TI - Uroporphyrin accumulation in cultured chick embryo hepatocytes: comparison of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl. AB - Uroporphyrin (URO) accumulation caused by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) in cultured chick embryo hepatocytes was found to depend on the concentration of the added polyhalogenated aromatic compound, and on either the addition of 5-aminolevulinic acid or the induction of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase. TCDD alone did not cause more than a slight increase in uroporphyrin, whereas TCB alone caused considerable uroporphyrin accumulation associated with increased 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase activity. However, in the presence of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid, TCDD was more potent than TCB in causing uroporphyrin accumulation. The concentrations of TCDD or TCB which maximally induced ethoxyresorufin deethylase activity, an indicator of induced cytochrome P450 activity, were lower than those required for maximal uroporphyrin accumulation. Furthermore, ethoxyresorufin deethylase activity was found to decline at concentrations of TCDD or TCB which caused maximum uroporphyrin accumulation. Pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene enhanced uroporphyrin accumulation, whereas addition of inhibitors of cytochrome P450 decreased uroporphyrin accumulation. Uroporphyrin accumulation occurred without a decrease in uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity, and was unrelated to the degree of conversion of the polyhalogenated aromatic compounds to water soluble metabolites. Our results indicate that URO accumulation caused by TCDD and TCB requires two separate actions; (1) induction of cytochrome P450 which occurs at low concentrations of the halogenated chemicals, and (2) increased uroporphyrinogen oxidation which is catalyzed by the induced cytochrome P450 and which occurs at higher concentrations of the halogenated chemicals. PMID- 3144779 TI - Biochemical characterization of gamma interferon-induced HLA-DR molecules expressed on the surface of human corneal fibroblasts. PMID- 3144780 TI - [The final stage of division of the intermediate cell in a Sarcocystis muris muscle cyst]. AB - At least two functions of the micropore, one of the zoite's apical organelles, have been established on examining S. muris intermediate cells. The micropore is known to function primarily as an ultracytostome for taking up the food. The newly discovered function of the micropore appears to be involved in the final step of daughter cell separation in dividing intermediate cell. The micropores seem to be the sites where daughter cells find their exit from the mother cell. In addition, the pattern of the daughter cell pellicle formation was followed. PMID- 3144781 TI - [Kell immunization during pregnancy]. PMID- 3144782 TI - [Flumazepil (Lanexat). A specific benzodiazepine antagonist]. PMID- 3144783 TI - [Tuberculous meningitis]. PMID- 3144784 TI - [Teratogenic effect of thio-tepa despite use of safety rules]. PMID- 3144785 TI - [Teratogen effect of Thiotepa]. PMID- 3144786 TI - [EDTA in treatment of atherosclerosis]. PMID- 3144787 TI - [Urticaria caused by streptococcal tonsillitis. A differential diagnosis of type I penicillin allergy]. PMID- 3144788 TI - Metabolism and nutrition in trauma. PMID- 3144789 TI - Swedish transfusion medicine in a ten-year perspective--a brief review. AB - Although the scientific activity within blood preservation, plasma fractionation and treatment of coagulation disorders had been quite active in Sweden before 1978, the national coordination and self support with plasma products was insufficient. A programme for research and development was initiated in 1978 and resulted in important improvements. The production and use of blood components instead of the previous whole blood transfusion rose from 15% to 93% within 10 years and the supply of high quality plasma for industrial fractionation rose from 5,500 kg in 1978 to 86,700 kg in 1986. Transfusion transmitted HIV infection came as a new threat, first in haemophiliacs treated with imported coagulation factor concentrates, later also in patients treated with products from Swedish donors. After 1985 significant improvements were obtained by the introduction of anti-HIV testing of all blood donations and methods for virus reduction of fractionated plasma products. The use of more aggressive cytostatic therapy in haemotological malignancies has drastically increased the need of platelet concentrates for transfusion and has focused attention on platelet compatibility problems. The 10-year period 1978-87 has thus implied great changes in Swedish transfusion medicine with increased quality of haemotherapy and improved regional coordination. PMID- 3144790 TI - [Disorders of protein metabolism in surgical infection]. PMID- 3144791 TI - [Effect of tubal small-intestinal feeding on the results of the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer]. AB - The probe small intestine nutrition was used in 1455 patients. In 96.4% of the patients the probe was introduced during operation, in 3.6% it was used both prior to it in order to prepare the patient to surgery and in cases with pronounced anastomositis and incompetent sutures in the postoperative period. Wide usage of the probe nutrition allowed the postoperative lethality after difficult surgical interventions to be reduced to 0.56%. The change of the infusion therapy by products introduced through the probe gave a considerable economic effect. PMID- 3144792 TI - [Duodenal diverticula in children]. PMID- 3144793 TI - [Transplantation of pancreatic islet cell cultures in the treatment of suppurative surgical diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus]. AB - The authors have analyzed the possibility to use transplantation of the pancreatic islet cell cultures of pig embryos as a method of preoperative preparing patients with type II diabetes mellitus having pyo-surgical diseases. PMID- 3144794 TI - [The quality and developmental stage of bovine embryos in relation to survival in vivo after ipsilateral non-surgical transfer]. PMID- 3144795 TI - [Dynamic levels of immunoglobulins in the blood of calves from birth to 6 months of age]. PMID- 3144796 TI - [Isolation of Staphylococcus hyicus strains in healthy hosts and the diagnostic study of the strains]. PMID- 3144797 TI - [Postmortem formation of inorganic phosphorus in the skeletal muscles of pigs in relation to the detection of PSE in meat]. PMID- 3144798 TI - [The effect of trypsin inhibitor from vetch seeds on the growth of the rumen protozoan Entodinium simplex in vitro]. PMID- 3144799 TI - Cortical angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease: the formation of dystrophic perivascular neurites is related to the exudation of amyloid fibrils from the pathological vessels. AB - We studied the organization of dystrophic neurites around pathological vessels in Alzheimer cortex. Two techniques were used simultaneously on serial sections: thioflavine staining of amyloid substance and immunohistochemistry with immune sera against Paired Helical Filaments (anti-PHF) and native Tau proteins (anti Tau). We observed different distributions of dystrophic neurites (immunolabelled with anti-PHF or anti-Tau) around thioflavine-stained angiopathic arterioles. The wall of the vessels with large diameter (greater than 100 microns) presented a congophilic angiopathy without neuropil reaction. In vessels with lesser diameter (less than 100 microns), dystrophic neurites constituted a discontinuous sleeve around vessels, always in close contact with amyloid substance outside the wall (dysphoric angiopathy). We observed structures similar to senile plaques around capillaries (diameter: 10-15 microns). The sleeve of dystrophic neurites with aggregated Tau proteins were always observed in the close vicinity of the amyloid substance which exuded from the pathological blood vessels. Thus, the exudation of these amyloid fibrils seems to induce the formation of dystrophic neurites (neuritic reaction). PMID- 3144800 TI - Ultrastructural features of acute monoblastic leukaemia cells: a multivariate morphometric analysis. AB - Morphometric studies were carried out on five ultrastructural measures of size or quantity of some of the intracellular organelles in monoblasts obtained from six patients diagnosed as having acute monoblastic leukaemia and also on monocytes from six normal controls. The morphometric measures were analysed using a one way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to see whether acute monoblastic leukaemic cells differed from those of normals. It was found that there was a highly significant decrease both in the surface to volume ratio of mitochondria and also in the surface to volume ratio of the nucleus. The possible physiological significance of these structural changes is stressed. PMID- 3144801 TI - Acute human pyelonephritis: leukocytic infiltration of tubules and localization of bacteria. AB - The fine structural details of how leukocytes appear in the lumen of tubules and the localization of bacteria in the tubulo-interstitial space were studied by light and electronmicroscopy in renal cortical biopsy specimens from three patients with acute pyelonephritis. The cells of interstitial infiltrates infiltrated and sometimes disrupted the cortical collecting tubules preferentially, while inflammatory infiltration of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules occurred more rarely. Since the emigration of tubular wall localized individual leukocytes into the lumen was not observed even in long series of thin sections, focal inflammatory disruption of the uriniferous ducts was considered to be the morphological basis of the intratubular accumulation of leukocytes. The structural simplicity of the collecting tubular cells is suggested to be the reason for their preferential involvement in the drainage of the interstitial suppuration, although a role for specific carbohydrate receptors cannot be excluded. The bacteria were usually found within the neutrophilic granulocytes and macrophages of the interstitial infiltrates, and within and among the cells of leukocyte casts. Additionally, pure bacterial colonies were noticed in the lumen of a few collecting tubules. The problem of the adherence of the bacteria to the surface of the tubular cells is discussed. PMID- 3144802 TI - Quantitative analysis of interstitial alterations in lupus nephritis. AB - Ninety-eight patients with lupus nephritis followed up for 3 years or more since initial biopsy were the subject of a qualitative and quantitative study of interstitial lesions. Thirty of the 98 patients showed interstitial cell infiltration and/or fibrosis. The initial and final creatinine clearance (Ccr) values were significantly lower in these 30 patients than in the remaining cases. Hypertension and progressive cases were more frequent in the group with interstitial lesions. Histologically, the severity and activity of glomerular lesions and IgG deposition in tubular basement membranes were more severe in the interstitial disease group. On a quantitative analysis of interstitial volumes (IV) in 20 of the 30 patients, there were significant differences in delta IV between the two respective groups with Ccr values greater than 80 ml/min and with those less than 80 both at the initial and final observations (p less than 0.05, each). Further, renal function was significantly lower in 11 cases showing delta IV greater than 17%, than in 9 cases with less than this (p less than 0.01). However, no differences in delta IV were found between the two groups divided according to the degree of severity and activity of glomerular lesions. Further, there was no correlation between renal function, and the severity and activity of glomerular lesions in the 20 cases with interstitial lesions. These results indicate that quantitative analysis is a very useful tool in the evaluation of the functional and prognostic significance of interstitial alterations in lupus nephritis. PMID- 3144803 TI - Peripheral hepatolithiasis incidentally found at autopsy. A morphological study. AB - Hepatolithiasis is a common disease in East Asia though very rare in the West. Four cases of hepatolithiasis in which calculi were incidentally found in the peripheral branches of the intrahepatic biliary tree at autopsy are described and compared with hepatolithiasis involving the major branches of the intrahepatic biliary tree. These four cases were all elderly, three patients were male and one female. The calculi were brown pigment stones in each case, as seen in the major branch type. The stone-containing ducts showed mild fibrosis and glandular proliferation with inflammatory changes in three cases; these changes were marked in the fourth case. The hepatic parenchyma around the stone-containing ducts was atrophic or collapsed in all four cases. The major branches of the intrahepatic biliary tree as well as the extrahepatic tree failed to show findings suggestive of bacterial infections or biliary anomalies. These data suggest that brown pigment stones develop primarily in the peripheral ducts in the liver. It remains uncertain whether the peripheral type eventually progresses to the major type or not. PMID- 3144804 TI - Differentiation between brain lesions in experimental thiamine deficiency. AB - Dietary deprivation of thiamine combined with pyrithiamine administration in rats was used for pathophysiological and morphological investigations. The animals passed through three different symptomatic stages, ranging from slight neurological abnormalities to generalized seizures from day 8 up to day 11. Hypothermia was a consistent finding during the second week. Histological examination revealed two types of neuropathological lesions in the rats. Those in the colliculi inferiores and the vestibular nuclei were characterized by a bullous spongiform appearance of the neuropil with severely damaged, pale and oedematous nerve cells. Alterations in the thalamus and inferior olives, however, showed eosinophilic nerve cell necrosis of the ischemic type which resembles the thalamic pathology found in human cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy. PMID- 3144805 TI - Epithelioid granulomatosis with initial and predominant manifestation in spleen. Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of six cases. AB - In six patients with systemic symptoms, four of which had lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates in the bone marrow splenectomy was performed because of suspected malignant lymphoma, with resolution of clinical symptoms. The spleen showed epithelioid granulomas, and neither splenic tissue nor clinical follow-up revealed evidence of malignant lymphoma. Immunohistochemical analysis documented an identical phenotype in epithelioid and giant cells as well as in large numbers of CD4 + lymphocytes and S100 + interdigitating reticulum cells within the granulomas. These cases are interpreted to represent epithelioid granulomatosis with primary and/or predominant manifestation in the spleen. PMID- 3144806 TI - Epithelial restitution in the large intestine of the rat following insult with bile salts. AB - In situ loops of large bowel of anaesthetised rats were used to observe epithelial restitution following surface desquamation using solutions of bile salts. The treatment induced complete surface desquamation but no disruption of the basal lamina. There was evidence of, cell migration at 30 min, and a complete surface epithelium two h post treatment. Neither a continuous contact between migrating cells and the basal lamina, nor a complete covering of secreted mucus, appeared necessary for epithelial restitution to occur. PMID- 3144807 TI - [Characteristics of the distribution of HLA antigens]. PMID- 3144808 TI - WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization. Thirty-eighth report. PMID- 3144809 TI - Salmonellosis control: the role of animal and product hygiene. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. PMID- 3144811 TI - [Therapy of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Long-term ambulatory care]. PMID- 3144810 TI - [Interactions of fats and proteins in meat. 3. Changes in tryptophan content and available forms of lysine, methionine and cystine]. AB - In experimental models the effect of hydroperoxides of the methyl ester of linoleic acid, and hexanal, on the contents of tryptophan, "available" forms of lysine, methionine and cystine in proteins were analyzed. Conditions typical for technological treatment of meat were simulated. A muscle gel containing large quantities of myofibrillar proteins served as meat substrate. It was found that thermal denaturation and the presence of sodium chloride in the medium stimulate the reactivity of methyl linoleate hydroperoxides and hexanal with proteins. Cystine and lysine demonstrated the highest reactivity with oxidated fats. Addition of hexanal and sodium chloride to the muscle gel caused a distinct decrease in the accessible sulfhydryl groups content. PMID- 3144812 TI - [The significance of inflammatory mediators for the development and therapy of acute lung failure]. PMID- 3144813 TI - [Therapeutic systems--possibilities and limits]. PMID- 3144814 TI - [Conservative therapy of reflux disease of the esophagus]. PMID- 3144815 TI - [Thyroliberin and its analog lacking hormonal properties stimulate respiratory center activity in the frog Rana temporaria]. AB - It has been shown that thyroliberin and its synthetic analogue PR-546 injected into the lymphatic sacs (4.10(-7)-4.10(-9) g/kg) or applied to the medulla oblongata in the bulbar frogs (4.10(-10)-4.10(-12) g/kg) significantly increase the rate of motor respiratory volleys in the hypoglossal nerve. In preparations with the irregular level of the activity of the respiratory center, these drugs enhanced stabilization of the initial level of the rhythm of motor respiratory discharges. PMID- 3144816 TI - [Listeria antigens and their isolated protein fractions]. AB - Antigens have been obtained from standard Listeria strains 1 and 4a by alcohol precipitation, sonication and multiple freezing and thawing. From these antigens protein fractions, immunologically identical as shown by the precipitation test and immunoelectrophoresis and similar in their chemical composition, have been isolated. The immunogenic properties of the fractions are determined by the polysaccharide-protein complex represented by amino acids (proline, histidine, lysine) and monosaccharides (ribose, glucose, arabinose), common for the fractions of three antigens. In experimental studies on mice and rabbits the protein fraction has been shown to produce a protective effect. After receiving this fraction in three injections and the subsequent challenge with the suspension of Listeria culture in a dose of 500 million cells, the animals have been found to develop no Listeria infection. After autoclaving the protein fraction looses its immunogenic properties, but retains the specificity of chemical groups and produces an allergenic effect as shown in experiments on guinea pigs and rabbits. PMID- 3144817 TI - [Interaction of Neisseria meningitidis with eukaryotic cells in a mixed infection in vitro]. AB - To study the adhesion of meningococci under the conditions of a monoinfection and mixed infection (in association with influenza virus), the experimental model of mixed influenzal and meningococcal infection has been created in the culture of epithelial cells HEp-2. On this model in increase in the intensity of the adhesion of meningococci to eukaryotic cells, as well as in the intensity of the meningococcal colonization of such cells, after their preliminary infection with influenza virus has been observed. The study has revealed that in mixed infection the adsorption of extracellular virions onto the surface of bacteria occurs. During this adsorption viral processes directly interact with the microcapsule of the meningococcus. PMID- 3144818 TI - [Immunoenzyme analysis in a system of serologic evaluation of louse-borne typhus vaccines]. AB - The blood sera of persons immunized with different typhus vaccines have been studied in the complement fixation test, the indirect hemagglutination test and the enzyme immunoassay. The data thus obtained indicate that the enzyme immunoassay is highly sensitive and can be universally used for the determination of antibodies to Rickettsia prowazekii after primary and booster immunization with different typhus vaccines. This method detects specific antibodies both at an early period and, which is of particular importance, at a remote period after immunization (3 years later) when complement-binding and hemagglutinating antibodies are absent. This is seemingly indicative of the two-phase character of postvaccinal immunity induced by live typhus vaccine. PMID- 3144819 TI - [Renal insufficiency manifesting a heterozygote form of Fabry's disease]. PMID- 3144820 TI - [Kappa-lambda imaging of B cell leukemias of chronic type by a flowcytometer and a computer--a new method for recognition of monoclonality]. PMID- 3144821 TI - Reconnecting with the family. PMID- 3144822 TI - Elder maltreatment: within the family home. PMID- 3144823 TI - Gerontological education: meeting the challenge of nursing practice. PMID- 3144824 TI - Hypertrophy of the inferior olivary nucleus. A clinico-pathological observation. AB - The clinico-pathological findings in a 61-year-old man, who suffered from branchial and skeletal myoclonus, appearing six months after a brainstem infarction are reported. Of all the drugs which are usually thought to be effective in the treatment of myoclonus, only valproic acid brought some relief. The necropsy revealed bilateral hypertrophy of the olives, together with bilateral pontine tegmental and rubral infarctions, without involvement of the olivary pathway. PMID- 3144825 TI - Excretion of urinary collagen metabolites correlates to severity of pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis. AB - The urinary excretion of collagen metabolites (hydroxylysine, hydroxyproline and proline) was significantly increased in 10 patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic broncho-pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection as compared with 14 age matched controls. The increase was significantly correlated to impaired pulmonary function (FVC and FEV1). The results indicate that urinary collagen metabolites reflect degradation of lung connective tissue and may be an indicator of the severity of pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis. Parts of the excreted hydroxyproline may be degradation products of elastin. PMID- 3144826 TI - Epidemiology of absence epilepsy. I. Concept and incidence. AB - An epidemiological study of absence epilepsy is presented. The study comprised a series of cases from a Swedish population, aged 0-15 years, selected on the basis of EEG criteria. All children with regular and symmetrical 3 (2-4) Hz spike-and slow-wave complexes, recorded for the first time during the period 1978-1982, were included. A total of 134 children fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and of these, 108 (80.6%) had absences alone or in combination with general tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS); 11 (8.2%) had absences combined with other seizures; 15 (11.2%) had other types of seizures only. The mean annual incidence of absence epilepsy was 7/100,000 for children aged 0-15 years. Of these, 6.3/100,000 had absences alone or in combination with GTCS. The cumulative incidence of absence epilepsy was 98/100,000. The mean age of onset was 7 years. PMID- 3144827 TI - Follow-up of the antibody response to measles vaccine in a rural area of Guinea Bissau. AB - One hundred and fourty-four children who either were already immune or had been successfully immunized against measles were reexamined after 16 months. All still had circulating Elisa antibodies at a clearly detectable level. Titres were higher in the group of children stated to have had measles prior to the immunization. None of the children had measles after immunization. Boostering by the wild virus may have occurred, whereas no evidence of a booster effect from the vaccine was found. About one third of the children were underweight. Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia rate, and also its seasonality, varied with the location of the child's homestead. Even children exposed to mesoendemic P. falciparum malaria and moderate malnutrition can be successfully immunized with a conventional live attenuated measles vaccine from 8 months of age, which probably results in a lasting protection. PMID- 3144829 TI - A prolonged decline in the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis after the introduction of a cautious feeding regimen. PMID- 3144828 TI - INH and streptomycin in Ethiopian children with tuberculosis and different nutritional status. AB - The plasma concentration of INH and streptomycin was followed in 45 Ethiopian children with tuberculosis. The children were grouped according to their nutritional status as normal, underweight, marasm and kwashiorkor. INH was well absorbed in all nutritional groups to give therapeutically active plasma levels. When terminal half life (t1/2) of INH was calculated for individual patients there were more children in all nutritional groups with t1/2 greater than or equal to 2 hours than less than 2 hours, indicating a slow acetylation of INH. Streptomycin was well absorbed in all nutritional groups and therapeutic levels were obtained with 20 mg/kg i.m. After 30 mg/kg i.m. of streptomycin kwashiorkor children had an increased t1/2 of streptomycin indicating a decreased renal excretion of the drug in kwashiorkor. The clinical follow-up of the children indicated that serious tuberculosis could be successfully treated with INH and streptomycin in the doses used. PMID- 3144831 TI - Pediatrics in the East and West. An international symposium held in conjunction with the 18th International Pediatric Congress. 20-22 July, 1986, Tokyo. Proceedings. PMID- 3144830 TI - Immunoglobulin administration into cerebral subarachnoid space in a child with hypogammaglobulinemia and aseptic meningoencephalitis. PMID- 3144832 TI - The child in the twenty-first century: their health problems and implications for organization of pediatric services. PMID- 3144833 TI - A new interpretation of child ecology for the growth and development of children. PMID- 3144834 TI - Guideline for treatment and management of cardiovascular sequelae in Kawasaki disease. PMID- 3144835 TI - The incidence of erythrocyte P1 antigen retention in children with urinary tract infection. PMID- 3144836 TI - Quantitative analysis of cerebello-vestibular function in congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 3144837 TI - Clinico-pathological study on primary endocardial fibroelastosis. PMID- 3144838 TI - Echocardiographic and pathoanatomic assessment of growth, function and chamber volumes of the normal human fetal heart. PMID- 3144839 TI - Clinical application of neonatal instantaneous heart rate monitoring--heart rate response to apnea. PMID- 3144840 TI - High risk screening of adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency in Japan. PMID- 3144841 TI - Congenital rubella syndrome in the Ryukyu Islands: birth-weight and physical status before two years of age. PMID- 3144842 TI - The effects of Bifidobacterium breve administration on campylobacter enteritis. PMID- 3144843 TI - Prediction of starting dose for conventional insulin treatment (using the practical closed-loop system). PMID- 3144844 TI - Clinical and postmortem findings of two cases with karyotype: 48, XXX, +18. PMID- 3144846 TI - Neonatal pulmonary hypertension: pathophysiologic-based therapy. PMID- 3144845 TI - A case of 48, XXX, +18 double trisomy. PMID- 3144847 TI - Kabuki makeup syndrome associated with megaureter. PMID- 3144848 TI - Association of severe microcephaly, short palpebral fissures, micrognathia, growth retardation and early death: a new syndrome. PMID- 3144849 TI - Insulin dependent diabetes: inherited susceptibility, natural history and intervention trials. PMID- 3144850 TI - Do genetic and immunological factors influence diabetic microangiopathy? PMID- 3144851 TI - Natural history of type I diabetes mellitus in childhood. PMID- 3144852 TI - Early phase of juvenile IDDM--environmental and genetic intervention. PMID- 3144853 TI - We need to establish a newer scientific basis for pediatrics in the 21st century: holonism in pediatrics. PMID- 3144854 TI - Children in cities--Seattle's KidsPlace program. PMID- 3144855 TI - Studies on the secular trend of growth of Korean children in three decades. PMID- 3144856 TI - Growth as a mirror of the condition of society: secular trends and class distinctions. PMID- 3144857 TI - The classification of diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. PMID- 3144858 TI - Proceedings: the 4th annual meeting of the Japan Conference on Childhood Diabetes. July 20, 1986, Tokyo, Japan. PMID- 3144859 TI - Classification of diabetes mellitus by studies of C-peptide secretory capacity. PMID- 3144860 TI - Classification of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus from studies of ICA, HLA and insulin secretory capacity. PMID- 3144861 TI - The study of HLA, ICA and autoantibodies in Japanese type 1 diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3144862 TI - Immunosuppressive therapy in insulin dependent diabetes. PMID- 3144863 TI - Clinical use of a portable infusion pump and pen-type injector in type 1 diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3144864 TI - Multiple insulin injections in adolescent diabetics using a pen-type syringe. PMID- 3144865 TI - Intensive insulin therapy--effects on M-value and frequency of hypoglycemia. PMID- 3144866 TI - Use of a computer program in the treatment and education of young diabetics. PMID- 3144867 TI - Application of computer programs in the management of diabetic children. PMID- 3144868 TI - Temporary partial remission in type I diabetes of juvenile onset. PMID- 3144869 TI - Improvement of initial remission rate by introduction of CSII. PMID- 3144871 TI - Possible role of Streptococcus pyogenes in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. III Electron microscopic observations on group A hemolytic streptococci inoculated into mice. PMID- 3144870 TI - Residual pancreatic beta-cell function in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3144872 TI - Possible role of Streptococcus pyogenes in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. IV. Immunological tolerance following exposure of neonatal mice to live attenuated strains of Streptococcus pyogenes. PMID- 3144873 TI - The progeny of individuals cured from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 3144874 TI - Development of histidinemic patients: follow-up study of five cases with neuropsychological symptoms. PMID- 3144875 TI - The influence of hepatitis B virus on the fetus in pregnancy. PMID- 3144876 TI - A case of congenital myopathy without specific features. PMID- 3144877 TI - Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with common bile duct obstruction. PMID- 3144878 TI - International symposium: Applications of Genetic Engineering in Pediatric Medicine. Oct. 15-16, 1986, 1986, Tokyo, Japan. Proceedings. PMID- 3144879 TI - Linkage maps of human genes. PMID- 3144880 TI - New genetics and the pediatrician. PMID- 3144881 TI - Genetic analysis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency--possible role of gene conversion in monogenic disease. PMID- 3144882 TI - Non-radioactive cDNA probes for in situ localization of mRNA. PMID- 3144883 TI - Attempts to investigate the molecular basis of urea cycle disorders. PMID- 3144884 TI - Maternal inheritance and study of human mitochondrial genome. PMID- 3144885 TI - Restoration of immune response by gene therapy in mice. PMID- 3144886 TI - Genetic engineering and medical ethics. PMID- 3144887 TI - Retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma: the prototypic cancer family. PMID- 3144888 TI - Immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement in leukemia and lymphoma. PMID- 3144889 TI - DNA studies in 109 malignant tumors in children. PMID- 3144890 TI - Cytotoxicity of mixed human monoclonal antibodies reacting to tumor antigens. PMID- 3144891 TI - Somatic mutations in the Ig VH genes of human B cell lymphoma. PMID- 3144892 TI - Drug/antibody conjugates. In vitro cytotoxicity of a human serum albumin-mediated conjugate of methotrexate with anti-MM46 monoclonal antibody. PMID- 3144893 TI - Purification of human liver phenylalanine hydroxylase with a monoclonal antibody to it and characterization of the enzyme. PMID- 3144894 TI - Human monoclonal antibodies for infectious diseases. PMID- 3144895 TI - The new pediatrics in Japan. PMID- 3144896 TI - Morphologic studies of the liver and bile ducts in biliary atresia. PMID- 3144897 TI - A screening method for adrenoleukodystrophy using a dried blood spot on filter paper. PMID- 3144898 TI - Change of plasma half-life of caffeine during caffeine therapy for apnea in premature infants. PMID- 3144899 TI - Transesophageal atrial pacing in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in infants and children. PMID- 3144900 TI - Congenital nephrotic syndrome with focal segmental glomerular sclerosis, renal insufficiency and tubular dysfunction. PMID- 3144901 TI - Congenital subclavian arterial stenosis. PMID- 3144902 TI - Turner's syndrome with agenesis of the corpus callosum, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and horseshoe kidney. PMID- 3144903 TI - Birth complications and psychological deviancy: a 25-year prospective inquiry. PMID- 3144904 TI - Effect of cornstarch formula in an infant with type I glycogen storage disease. PMID- 3144905 TI - Continuous nasogastric infusion of prostaglandin E2 in ductus-dependent congenital heart disease. PMID- 3144906 TI - Growth response to daily subcutaneous administration of growth hormone. PMID- 3144907 TI - The effect of MCT oil supplement in very low birth weight infants, with evaluation by the 13C-labeled MCT breath test. PMID- 3144908 TI - The usefulness of Doppler echocardiography for the evaluation of hemodynamics in tetralogy of Fallot: comparison of the patients with pre- and post-corrective surgery and control healthy children. PMID- 3144909 TI - Automated BET, blood pressure, and IVH. PMID- 3144910 TI - Nasal application of inactivated influenza vaccine. PMID- 3144911 TI - Chest pain in pediatric patients. PMID- 3144912 TI - Familial insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus without acanthosis nigricans or androgenization. PMID- 3144913 TI - Osteogenesis imperfecta in twins: case report and review of literature. PMID- 3144914 TI - Case report of tetrasomy 18p in a girl. PMID- 3144915 TI - Blood flow redistribution during isocapnic hypoxia in foetal lamb. AB - Circulatory responses to hypoxaemia were studied in 16 foetal lambs in 120-129 and 135-145 days of gestation (term: 147 days). Under general anaesthesia catheters were inserted into the foetal vessels and the umbilical blood was measured during antipyrine infusion by the Fick steady-state diffusion method. The combined ventricular output and actual organ blood flows were calculated from injections of radionuclide-labelled microspheres into a forelimb and a hindlimb vein. Isocapnic hypoxia was produced by giving the ewe a breathing gas mixture of 9% O2 and 3% CO2 in N2 for 30 min. A significant increase was found in the blood flow of the myocardium, the lungs, the brain and in the combined ventricular output between 0.80 and 0.95 gestation times. Under isocapnic hypoxaemia blood flow increased to the brain, heart and adrenals, whilst it decreased to the lungs, kidneys, gut and carcass. The observed changes were different at the two measurement times. Under hypoxia, depending on the gestation time, the blood flow increased in the diencephalon, midbrain, hypophysis and in the cervical cord. In the cerebral, cerebellar and lumbosacral cord it remained unchanged, while decreasing in the chorioid plexus and in the hippocampus. In the gestation period under examination the foetal circulation undergoes significant redistribution. PMID- 3144916 TI - Long-term efficacy of flecainide in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. AB - The efficacy and safety of flecainide for long-term prevention of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) were studied in an open trial. Twenty patients with very frequent attacks (mean 13 per month) of paroxysmal AF for many years (mean 8 years) participated. Before inclusion, the patients had unsuccessfully been treated with an average of 3.3 antiarrhythmic drugs. Efficacy was jugded from a carefully kept diary in which the patients made daily notes of any AF attacks and possible side-effects from 1 month before treatment until the end of a follow-up period of 6 months. Twelve patients (60%) were completely free from AF and 11 of these are still successfully treated with flecainide after 11-38 months (mean 24 months). Flecainide plasma levels did not differ between responders and non responders. Eleven patients (55%) had adverse effects but these were usually mild and well tolerated, necessitating withdrawal or dose reduction resulting in relapse of AF only in three patients (15%). No proarrhythmic events were seen. PMID- 3144917 TI - Prostacyclin biosynthesis by cultured human myometrial smooth muscle cells: dependency on arachidonic or linoleic acid in the culture medium. AB - Myometrial smooth muscle cells in culture were incubated for 18 hours in medium that contained serum (10%); under these conditions, there was a six to 26-fold increase in the amount of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha that accumulated in the medium (i.e., prostacyclin production) compared with that present after incubation in serum-free medium. In serum-free and serum-containing media, treatment of these cells with dexamethasone (10(-8) mol/L) or cortisol (10(-7) mol/L) suppressed the biosynthesis of prostacyclin by approximately 80% and 64%, respectively. Arachidonic acid (bound to fatty acid-free human serum albumin) added to serum-free medium caused a concentration-dependent increase in the production of prostacyclin by myometrial cells. Arachidonic acid was maximally effective at a concentration of 10(-5) mol/L and caused a five- to 28-fold increase in the biosynthesis and secretion of prostacyclin. Linoleic acid (bound to albumin) in serum-free medium also caused a concentration-dependent increase in the production of prostacyclin; however, the amount of prostacyclin produced in the presence of linoleic acid was lower than that produced in the presence of an equimolar concentration of arachidonic acid. In the presence of arachidonic (10(-5) mol/L) or linoleic acids (10(-4) mol/L) in serum-free medium, the addition of dexamethasone (10(-8) mol/L) or cortisol (10(-7) mol/L) suppressed but did not inhibit completely prostacyclin production. These findings are indicative that arachidonic and linoleic acids in the culture medium support prostacyclin biosynthesis by human myometrial smooth muscle cells. The inhibition of prostacyclin production by glucocorticosteroids in the absence or presence of extracellular arachidonic (or linoleic) acid may be caused by inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity. PMID- 3144918 TI - Fatty acid content of yolk sac and embryo in hyperglycemia-induced embryopathy and effect of arachidonic acid supplementation. AB - Using the postimplantation rat conceptus model, we analyzed with gas-liquid chromatography, the fatty acid composition in major lipid groups (phospholipids, triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids, and cholesterol esters) of yolk sacs and embryos cultured for 48 hours under control, hyperglycemic, and arachidonic acid-supplemented hyperglycemic conditions. In all experimental conditions the yolk sacs had greater fatty acid content than the embryos in all lipid groups except in nonesterified fatty acids. The fatty acid level in embryonic nonesterified fatty acids was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in hyperglycemia-exposed embryos than found with arachidonic acid supplementation. Total yolk sac triglycerides were greater with added glucose (p less than 0.05) than with the addition of arachidonic acid to the same medium. Oleic acid, a fatty acid associated with essential fatty acid deficiency, was increased in the embryonic phospholipids and nonesterified fatty acids of conceptuses exposed to excess glucose, as well as in the culture media of this group, compared with the control or arachidonic acid-supplemented, hyperglycemic group (p less than 0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that diabetes-related embryopathy is associated with quantitative and qualitative abnormalities in major lipid groups. Furthermore, the elevation in embryonic oleic acid level suggests that the teratogenic mechanism could be related to a deficiency in essential fatty acids. The pattern of essential fatty acid deficiency and embryopathy was preventable with arachidonic acid supplementation in this experimental model. PMID- 3144919 TI - A randomized comparison of nonoral estradiol delivery in postmenopausal women. AB - We compared the transdermal and subdermal routes of estrogen administration with respect to the constancy of estrogen delivery and metabolic effects. Twenty postmenopausal women were randomized to receive either two 25 mg estradiol pellets subdermally (n = 10) or a 0.1 mg estradiol transdermal patch twice weekly (n = 10). Blood was sampled at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 72 hours and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks (fasting samples at 0, 12, and 24 weeks), and a fasting urine was obtained after diuresis at 0, 12, and 24 weeks. In a 72-hour profile, serum estradiol levels (mean +/- SE) were highest at 24 hours (179 +/- 20 pg/ml) and fell to 139 +/- 16 pg/ml at 72 hours in the pellet group. In the patch group, estradiol levels rose rapidly to 152 +/- 33 pg/ml at 4 hours, remained relatively constant over 8 hours, and fell to 46 +/- 10 pg/ml at 72 hours. At 1 week, estradiol levels in the pellet group were 113 +/- 12 pg/ml and remained relatively constant for 24 weeks. In contrast, estradiol levels in the patch group were 52 +/- 11 pg/ml at 1 week and then varied widely until 24 weeks, when the levels were 89 +/- 26 pg/ml. The mean estradiol/estrone ratio ranged between 1 and 2.5 in both groups but fluctuated widely in the patch group. Follicle-stimulating hormone was suppressed in both groups; however, the decrement in the pellet group was greater (p less than 0.002). There was a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and a decrease in total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at 12 weeks with the pellet but only at 24 weeks with the patch. The urinary calcium/creatinine ratio was reduced more consistently with the pellet than with the patch. Hot flushes were eliminated in all subjects. PMID- 3144920 TI - Serological studies of patients with cutaneous and oral-oropharyngeal anthrax from northern Thailand. AB - An outbreak of 52 cases of cutaneous anthrax and 24 cases of oral-oropharyngeal anthrax occurred in rural Northern Thailand in 1982, caused by contaminated water buffalo meat. Microbiologic diagnosis of many of these cases was hindered by delayed presentation for care and by prior antibiotic therapy. In a retrospective investigation, we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure antibody titers to components of anthrax edema toxin (edema factor [EF] and protective antigen [PA]), lethal toxin (lethal factor [LF] and PA), and poly-D-glutamic acid capsule. Electrophoretic-immunotransblots (EITB, Western blot) were used to detect antibodies to PA and LF. Nine patients with cutaneous anthrax, 10 patients with oral-oropharyngeal anthrax, and 43 healthy unexposed Thai control villagers were studied. Over all, EITB was positive in 13/18 patients (sensitivity 72%) and 0/43 controls (specificity 100%). The sensitivity of the ELISA was 72% for PA, 42% for LF, 26% for EF, and 95-100% for capsule. Although a few control sera had apparent false positive titers to PA, the specificity of the ELISA confirmed by EITB (100%) demonstrated the applicability of these tests for the diagnosis of anthrax. PMID- 3144921 TI - Isolation of a newly recognized Bunyamwera serogroup virus from a febrile human in Panama. AB - A virus, strain 86MSP18, was isolated from the acute phase serum of a U.S. soldier with a febrile illness. He was stationed at Fort Sherman in the Republic of Panama when the onset of his illness occurred. A rise in neutralizing antibody to the viral isolate was observed between the patient's acute and convalescent phase serum samples. Virus strain 86MSP18 has been shown by plaque reduction neutralization to be closely related to but distinct from Cache Valley virus and known subtypes. It appears to be a newly recognized subtype of Cache Valley virus and is believed to be the second isolation of a Cache Valley virus subtype from a human with a febrile illness. The name "Fort Sherman" virus for strain 86MSP18 is proposed. PMID- 3144922 TI - Rifampin-resistant meningococcal infection in a patient given rifampin chemoprophylaxis. PMID- 3144923 TI - [Comparative study of sodium valproate and ketoprofen in the treatment of postoperative pain]. AB - Experimental data has shown that sodium valproate has analgesic properties in animals, probably by way of the increase in cerebral and spinal gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) it induces. A study was therefore designed to assess this analgesia in man in the postoperative period. A first open study was carried out on 12 consenting patients, who were each given 15 mg.kg-1 sodium valproate intravenously over 20 min. A significant decrease in pain intensity, measured by an analogic visual scale, was seen from the 20th min up to the 140th min. A controlled double-blind study was then carried out; it included three groups of 13 patients each. Patients in group 1 were given placebo (5% dextrose); group 2 patients were given 15 mg.kg-1 sodium valproate intravenously over 20 min, and group 3 patients 2 mg.kg-1 ketoprofen intravenously over 20 min also. There was no difference in the pain intensity profile of groups 1 and 2: sodium valproate was no more efficient than placebo in relieving postoperative pain. However, ketoprofen gave a prompt and effective analgesic effect. The clinical data obtained with sodium valproate in man during the postoperative period stand in contrast with the promising animal results. Sodium valproate cannot be recommended for the treatment of postoperative pain. PMID- 3144924 TI - Long-term care poses challenge for nurses. PMID- 3144925 TI - Long-term care: the next frontier. PMID- 3144926 TI - As I see it--long-term care is a women's issue. PMID- 3144928 TI - Congress to focus on long-term care. PMID- 3144927 TI - Wages: key to long-term care RN shortage. PMID- 3144929 TI - Report evaluates social HMO demonstrations. PMID- 3144930 TI - Immune mechanisms in inflammatory polyneuropathy. PMID- 3144931 TI - Mechanism of arachidonic acid release by terminal complement complexes from rat oligodendrocyte X C6 glioma cell hybrids. PMID- 3144932 TI - Rat astrocyte proliferation by human B-cell growth factors. PMID- 3144933 TI - MHC antigen expression on glial cells. PMID- 3144935 TI - Immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy in autistic children. PMID- 3144934 TI - Recombinant human lymphokines induce changes in visual evoked potentials in the rabbit. PMID- 3144936 TI - Subclavian vein catheterisation for parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3144937 TI - The cerebral complications of coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 3144938 TI - [Crohn's disease and enteral feeding: comparative nutritional efficacy of elemental and polymeric nutritive mixtures]. AB - The nutritional development with three types of enteral diets during 28 days, was compared in 45 patients with malnutrition presenting an active Crohn's disease. Enteral feeding consisted of a polymeric mixture (Realmentyl) administered in addition to a normal oral diet in 11 patients; the same mixture was administered alone exclusively to 9 patients, and an elemental diet (Vivonex HN) administered exclusively to 25 patients. The total caloric intake reached, in the three groups, the mean values of 60.2, 36.9 and 33.8 kcal/kg of ideal weight/day, respectively. 33 patients also received steroids. At the end of 28 days of enteral diet, the improvement in the weight and the anthropometric measurements (muscle circumference, triceps skinfold) was significantly more marked (gain of 6.5 kg) with the supplemental polymeric mixture than with exclusive enteral diet, polymeric diet (+/- 2.0 kg) or basic (+1.2 kg). Transferrin and albumin plasma levels increased in all 3 groups, but much faster with the exclusive elemental feeding, in spite of a higher urinary urea excretion in these patients. The overall nutritional development was significantly better with supplemental polymeric feeding, and was identical in the two other groups. These results confirm that the supplemental polymeric enteral feeding is more effective, from the nutrition standpoint. With an exclusive enteral feeding, the nutritional result is appreciably the same, whether the mixture consists of polymers or basic elements. PMID- 3144939 TI - Findings in muscle in complex I (NADH coenzyme Q reductase) deficiency. AB - Thirteen of 15 patients with complex I deficiency had the multisystemic form, with strokelike episodes and other symptoms that fulfilled the diagnostic requirements for MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes), and 2 had only muscle fatigability and weakness, having the purely myopathic form. In the multisystemic form, 12 patients had ragged-red fibers. All multisystemic patients had myopathic histochemical abnormalities that consisted of mild to moderate variation in fiber size, disorganized intermyofibrillar networks, type 2 fiber atrophy, and an increased number of type 2C fibers. Five of 13 multisystemic patients had decreased cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity in extrafusal fibers, with sparing of intrafusal muscle fibers. In the myopathic form, pathological findings were similar to those in the multisystemic form. In addition to complex I and NADH dehydrogenase activities being decreased, the CCO activity was significantly decreased (less than 50% of control value) in 8 patients, especially when the disease was in its advanced stages, suggesting that CCO enzyme might be secondarily affected as the disease progresses. PMID- 3144940 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolism in HEL/30 murine epidermal cell line. AB - The established mouse epidermis-derived cell line HEL/30 was incubated in the presence of 3H arachidonic acid (AA) for 1 h. After medium removal, cells were reincubated with fresh medium in the presence or absence of the calcium ionophore A23187 and tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The AA metabolites formed were extracted from cell-free medium and analyzed using TLC and HPLC. The distribution of the recovered radioactivity showed PGE2, 15-hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), as major products of AA metabolism. The presence of calcium ionophore A23187 increased the release of radioactivity, without affecting the profile of metabolites present in the medium. TPA elicited a preferential increase of cycloxygenase metabolism, this effect being reversed by indomethacin. 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) almost completely inhibited LT and HETE formation in A23187 and TPA-treated cells. The results show that HEL/30 cells are able to metabolize AA via both cyclo- and lipoxygenase pathways and that these activities can be modified by chemical means. This cell line might be a suitable tool for studying the involvement of arachidonic acid cascade in cell response to exogenous stimuli. PMID- 3144941 TI - Combined suppressive drug treatment in severe refractory rheumatoid disease: an analysis of the relative effects of parenteral methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, and sodium aurothiomalate. AB - A trial was designed to assess the effects of intramuscular sodium aurothiomalate or intravenous cyclophosphamide, or both, in combination with intravenous 'pulse' methylprednisolone in severe intractable rheumatoid arthritis. Thirteen patients with severe, active rheumatoid arthritis, unresponsive to conventional therapeutic regimens showed improvement in synovitis after receiving a single intravenous bolus of methylprednisolone (15 mg/kg). Early morning stiffness and Ritchie articular index remained improved over pretreatment values after 12 weeks. There was an early fall in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which returned to baseline levels by four weeks. A concomitant intravenous pulse of cyclophosphamide (1 g/m2 body surface area) given to eight patients did not confer any additional benefit. Six patients received sodium aurothiomalate, up to 100 mg intramuscularly a week, and in these patients the early improvement in synovitis induced by methylprednisolone was maintained. Thus between 12 and 24 weeks the Ritchie articular index, visual analogue pain score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, haemoglobin, and immunoglobin G were significantly better in the patients treated with gold and methylprednisolone than in those treated with methylprednisolone alone, irrespective of whether they had received cyclophosphamide. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy given at the start of gold treatment results in early improvement in synovitis, maintained until the usual delay in achieving a therapeutic effect from gold has elapsed. PMID- 3144943 TI - Cerebellar ataxia in systemic lupus erythematosus: three case reports. AB - Three patients presented with cerebellar ataxia among 350 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) seen over the last 14 years. Cerebellar signs were unilateral in one and bilateral in the other two patients. Other neurological findings were present in all three patients. One initially presented with only cerebellar ataxia; other features of SLE appeared a few years later. Lupus anticoagulant test was positive in one patient. Corticosteroids given in the early stages appeared to benefit these patients by ameliorating cerebellar dysfunction. PMID- 3144942 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in two patients with antiphospholipid antibodies, heart valve lesions, and transient ischaemic attacks. AB - Two young women (aged 32 and 25 years) with systemic lupus erythematosus and heart valve lesions in association with antiphospholipid antibodies are presented. In addition to the presence of the 'lupus anticoagulant' and false positive Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) tests, both patients had high levels of IgG anticardiolipin antibodies. The first patient additionally had contraceptive induced chorea, chorea gravidarum, seven miscarriages, livedo reticularis, pulmonary embolism, and thrombocytopenia and developed culture negative endocarditis as well as hypertension. The second patient, who had presented with hypertension, developed aortic and mitral regurgitation, suspected myocarditis, manifested transient ischaemic attacks, and responded well to anticoagulation and steroid treatment. PMID- 3144944 TI - [The Holter method. Value, limits and excesses]. PMID- 3144945 TI - [Value of the continuous Doppler in the evaluation of gradients of aortic valvular stenosis in the adult]. AB - The purpose of this study, performed in 80 patients with aortic valve stenosis, was to find out whether continuous wave doppler ultrasound was reliable in assessing the severity of the stenosis. Maximum mean and instantaneous transaortic pressure gradients obtained by continuous wave doppler were compared with maximum mean instantaneous and peak to peak gradients simultaneously obtained by cardiac catheterization. 35 patients who underwent aortic valve dilation were explored beforehand and afterwards, which brings up to 115 the total number of gradient comparisons. There was a correlation between maximum instantaneous gradient at doppler and peak to peak gradient (r = 0.62, n = 115, e = 22.5 mmHg, p less than 0.001). A similar correlation was found between maximum instantaneous gradients at doppler and haemodynamics (r = 0.64, n = 80, e = 24.5 mmHg), but correlation between mean gradients was weaker (r = 0.57, n = 80, e = 17.7 mmHg). Maximum and mean instantaneous gradients are underestimated by the doppler method. After exclusion of imperfect doppler curves, correlations were better, notably as regards mean gradients (r = 0.80, n = 18, e = 11.9 mmHg). There was a closer correlation between doppler maximum instantaneous gradients and haemodynamic peak to peak gradients in patients without aortic regurgitation (r = 0.71, n = 45, e = 17.2 mmHg) than in patients with aortic regurgitation (r = 0.54, n = 70, e = 24.3 mmHg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144946 TI - [Percutaneous mitral commissurotomy. Apropos of 130 cases]. AB - In order to evaluate the effectiveness and risks of percutaneous mitral commissurotomy (PMC), we tried this procedure in 130 patients. Nine attempts were unsuccessful due to pre-PMC complications (haemopericardium 2, air embolism 1) or to technical failure (6 cases, 5 of which occurred in the first 15 attempts). PMC could be performed in 121 patients: 88 women and 33 men aged from 13 to 79 years (mean 42 + 15 years); 22 patients had previously been operated upon, 5 had a history of embolism, 99 were in functional stage III or IV. Echocardiography divided these patients into 3 groups: 29 had calcified leaflets (group 1), 42 had flexible leaflets and little alteration of the subvalvar system (group 2), and 49 had flexible leaflets with alteration of the subvalvar system (group 3). Mitral regurgitation grade 1/4 was present in 32 cases. PMC was performed with one balloon (Trefoil 3 x 12 mm) in 14 patients and therafter with two balloons (Trefoil 3 x 10 mm plus conventional 15 or 19 mm balloon) in 107 patients. PMC resulted in significant improvement in haemodynamic values: the mean capillary pressure fell from 20 +/- 7 to 11 +/- 5 mmHg (p less than 0.0001) and the mean mitral gradient from 16 +/- 6 to 6 +/- 2 mmHg (p less than 0.0001), while the cardiac index rose from 2.7 +/- 0.6 to 3.1 +/- 0.7 l/mn/m2 (p less than 0.001) and the mitral valve area (MVA) from 1.1 +/- 0.2 to 2.2 +/- 0.5 cm2 (p less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144947 TI - [Reproducibility of the exercise test and coronary vasomotor tonus]. AB - The effect of coronary vasomotor tone on exercise test reproducibility was evaluated in two groups of patients. All had an apparently stable angina, a positive first exercise test and at least one significant stenosis at coronary arteriography. Group A patients (n = 30) had a positive ergonovine test (dynamic stenosis) whereas this test was negative (fixed stenosis) in group B patients (n = 29). Patients of both groups underwent two exercise tests without treatment, each of these tests being performed on a different day of the same week, at the same time and according to Bruce's procedure. The reproducibility of angina was poor in group A patients: 6/15 (40 p. 100) as against 18/20 (90 p. 100) in group B patients (p less than 0.05). Moreover, the initially positive exercise test subsequently become negative in 6 of the group A patients and in none of the group B patients (p less than 0.05). The time elapsed before ischaemia appeared was globally increased to the same extent in both groups, but individual variations were more pronounced in group A: a more than 1 minute variation was noted in 63 p. 100 of group A patients and in 18 p. 100 of group B patients (p less than 0.01). Similarly, the double product of ischaemia (-1 mm) varied by more than 20 p. 100 in 37 p. 100 of group A patients and in 14 p. 100 of group B patients. In contrast, the maximum stress parameters were increased to the same degree in both groups, including the double product duration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3144948 TI - [Relation between blood pressure and smoking in a population of Quebec workers]. AB - Relations between blood pressure and cigarette smoking were investigated on the basis of a health survey conducted in a population of 3034 mine workers from Quebec Province. Blood pressure was found to be lower among smokers than among non-smokers, the difference between these two groups being: systolic pressure 2.3 mmHg, diastolic pressure 3.0 mmHg. After adjustment for age and bodyweight this relation persisted but only as far as diastolic pressure was concerned. The prevalence of hypertension was 1.5 times higher in non-smokers than in smokers. On the other hand, the number of cigarette-smoking years and the number of cigarettes smoked per day seemed to have little effect on mean arterial pressure. PMID- 3144949 TI - [Atrial septal defect and cyanosis. Apropos of 6 cases related to abnormal drainage of the inferior vena cava into the left atrium]. AB - The authors report six cases of atrial septal defect (ASD) associated with abnormal drainage of the inferior vena cava into the left atrium responsible for right-to-left shunting, without pulmonary hypertension. The abnormal drainage could be due either to an anatomical malposition of the inferior vena cava opening into the left atrium, or to an abnormal blood flow from this vein, normally located through a low ASD, under the influence of anatomical, mechanical and haemodynamic factors. Clinically, all patients presented with light cyanosis and with the usual signs of ASD. None of them had elevated pulmonary pressure. The lesion, suggested by clinical findings, was diagnosed either at angiography, which in four cases demonstrated an abnormal pulmonary venous return, or at colour-coded doppler echocardiogram, or at surgery. In every case, surgical correction consisted of closure of the often low-sited ADS by a patch which diverted the inferior vena cava into the right atrium and the abnormal venous return towards the left atrium. The short--and long-term results of surgery were excellent. The authors review the literature concerning this unusual association of ASD with an abnormal drainage of the inferior vena cava into the left atrium. PMID- 3144950 TI - [Emboligenic calcification of posterointernal chordae of the mitral valve. Apropos of a surgically treated case]. AB - We report the case of a 74-year old man who experienced two transient cerebral ischaemic accidents at 24 days' interval, showing that the isolated calcifications on chordae of the mitral valve posterior leaflet responsible for these accidents were exceptionally malformed. Two-dimensional echocardiography was the key examination, as it revealed a left intraventricular mass beneath the smaller mitral valve leaflet. Having excluded other cardiac causes of cerebral ischaemic accident, and faced with the recurrent character of these accidents, we decided to operate. Surgery confirmed the diagnosis. It consisted of resection of the calcified and ulcerated mass, combined with repair of the smaller mitral valve leaflet. Isolated calcifications of the mitral valve chordae are an exceptional cause of embolic accidents of cardiac origin. PMID- 3144951 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the right anterior sinus of Valsalva into the right ventricle combined with aortic regurgitation]. AB - We report the case of a 14-year old boy who was stabbed with a knife and sustained a chest wound responsible for clinical tamponade. Surgery was performed as an extreme emergency, so that lesions could not be assessed preoperatively. During the operation, beside the pericardial blood collection a wound of the pulmonary infundibulum was discovered and sutured (closed heart surgery). One year later the patient was readmitted for global heart failure. Auscultation of the heart revealed a continuous left latero-sternal murmur. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed discontinuity between the right anterior sinus of Valsalva and the right ventricular outflow tract. Contrast echocardiography displayed a negative jet image in the right ventricular outflow tract. At that level, pulsed doppler ultrasound recorded continuous turbulence as well as diastolic turbulence in the left ventricular outflow tract. Tiered oxymetry showed a left-to-right shunt in the right ventricle with a pulmonary/systemic flow ratio of 1.9. The diagnosis was confirmed by angiography which demonstrated a fistula between the right anterior sinus of Valsalva and the right ventricular outflow tract, and aortic regurgitation. In a second operation, performed under extracorporeal circulation, the traumatic lesions were repaired, and the patient thereafter recovered. This unusual case highlights the value of combined two dimensional echocardiography, pulsed doppler ultrasound and contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of traumatic ventriculo-aortic lesions. PMID- 3144952 TI - [Pulmonary valve endocarditis caused by Streptococcus D bovis in a patient with a colorectal adenocarcinoma]. AB - A case of pulmonary endocarditis caused by Streptococcus D bovis in a female patient with colorectal adenocarcinoma is reported. The M-mode and two dimensional echocardiographic and pulsed doppler ultrasound findings are described. A review of the literature shows that Streptococcus D bovis pulmonary endocarditis is rare. Any septicaemia or endocarditis caused by this organism calls for invasive exploration of the digestive tract, and especially the colon. PMID- 3144953 TI - [Intracellular microelectrode study of the electrophysiological effects of contrast media]. AB - Intracellular microelectrodes were used to study the electrophysiological effects on action and resting potentials, refractory periods and conduction velocities of four contrast media administered either as 1/100 and 1/1000 solutions or as 20 mg bolus injections. The products studied were Telebrix, which has high osmolality (2100 mOsm/kg) and three other contrast media with lower osmolatity (700 mOsm/kg), including Hexabrix, which contains sodium, and Iopamidol and Iohexol which are sodium-free. The parameters measured were not modified by Hexabrix and Telebrix, whereas Omnipaque and Iopamiron induced varied and significant changes in these parameters, notably in concentrations of 1/100 and as bolus injections. It is suggested that the latter contrast media should be used in non cardiovascular explorations and in patients without confirmed heart disease. PMID- 3144954 TI - [A new concept of cardioplegic protection in cardiac surgery: iron chelation]. AB - Hydroxyl is one of the most cytotoxic of all oxygen-derived free radicals produced during the myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion sequence. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of various interventions aimed at diminishing the production of hydroxyl radicals by reducing either one of their precursors (hydrogen peroxide) or the metal (ferric iron) which catalyzes the reaction generating these radicals. Sixty isolated and perfused rat hearts with isovolaemic contraction were studied. Except for non-ischaemic controls, these hearts were subjected to a 3-hour cardioplegic arrest in hypothermia (15-18 degrees C) followed by a 45-min reperfusion. The following interventions were performed: pretreatment with peroxidase, a hydrogen peroxide scavenger; pretreatment with peroxidase combined with deferoxamine, an ironchelating agent; pretreatment with peroxidase followed by addition of deferoxamine to the cardioplegic solution; addition of deferoxamine to the cardioplegic solution without pretreatment with the enzyme. Judging from the post-ischaemic values of developed pressure (maximum systolic pressure--diastolic pressure), left ventricular dP/dt and diastolic pressure and coronary flow rate, it appeared that the best myocardial protection was provided by deferoxamine-enriched cardioplegia. This study confirms that hydroxyl radicals most probably play a role in the genesis of the myocardial lesions associated with global ischaemia followed by reperfusion. Moreover, our results highlight the potential value of deferoxamine added to cardioplegic protection in heart surgery performed under extracorporeal circulation. PMID- 3144955 TI - [Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia and ventricular arrhythmia during diuretic treatment of arterial hypertension]. AB - Diuretics have been used for 25 years in the treatment of arterial hypertension, where they have proved effective and well tolerated. However, recent therapeutic trials have failed to demonstrate a significant reduction of coronary disease mortality in moderately hypertensive patients under antihypertensive therapy. These disappointing results have led to a reappraisal of the cardiovascular risk inherent in antihypertensive treatments and notably diuretics. Thiazides and the so-called heigh-ceiling diuretics increase urinary potassium excretion, thereby reducing serum potassium levels by 0.3 to 0.6 mmol/l on average. Kalaemia falls below 3.0 mmol/l in 1 to 7 percent of the patients. The long-term consequences of hypokalaemia are imperfectly known. Several authors have used continuous or exertion electrocardiographic recordings to evaluate the risk of ventricular arrhythmia induced by hypokalaemia, but their results are conflicting and inconclusive. The risk of ventricular arrhythmia is perhaps not negligible when hypokalaemia occurs in certain patients with coronary disease or left ventricular hypertrophy who are under digitalis therapy. Diuretics also reduce serum levels of magnesium. The consequences of isolated hypomagnesaemia are obscure. The risk of hyperexcitability seems to be increased when hypokalaemia is associated with digitalis toxicity. The fall in serum concentrations of potassium and magnesium is dose-dependent, and it occurs mainly with the excessive doses formerly prescribed. The dose-response curve of antihypertensive agents is relatively flat, which suggests that diuretics should be used in lower dosage. PMID- 3144956 TI - Construction of a bifunctional genetically labelled plasmid for Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. AB - A small cryptic plasmid of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was labelled in vitro with two genetic markers. One of the recombinant plasmids was mapped and transformed in Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis. This and similar shuttle plasmids could be very useful as vectors for the investigation of the toxin genes in their own host. PMID- 3144957 TI - Characterization of a pyoverdine-deficient mutant of Pseudomonas fluorescens impaired in the secretion of extracellular lipase. AB - A mutant of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain B52 deficient in the synthesis of the fluorescent pigment, pyoverdine, was isolated. Absence of pyoverdine and other siderophores was confirmed by gel filtration, a specific siderophore assay, and inhibition studies with the iron chelator EDDA. Both parent and mutant synthesized additional outer membrane proteins in response to iron-limitation. Mutant cells cultured in the absence of iron(III) accumulated 55Fe-labeled pyoverdine. The mutant produced extracellular proteinase normally on various media, but was deficient in lipase secretion. Growth of the mutant with partially purified pyoverdine resulted in a 2.5-fold stimulation of lipase secretion. The mutant grew poorly in deferrated medium; however, the addition of iron(III) stimulated growth. Proteinase secretion in deferrated medium was stimulated over a narrow range of iron(III) concentration, while lipase secretion was only slightly affected. The data suggest that separate regulatory mechanisms exist for the control of proteinase and lipase secretion by iron(III). PMID- 3144958 TI - Induction of stress proteins by sodium chloride treatment in Bacillus subtilis. AB - In Bacillus subtilis, heat shock proteins can be classified into two main groups: specific heat shock proteins (about 5) and general stress proteins (at least 14). Salt stress was very effective in the induction of general stress proteins (5 to 50-fold stimulation), but the synthesis of heat-specific stress proteins was not stimulated. Furthermore there were some proteins whose synthesis was accelerated only by salt stress. PMID- 3144959 TI - Endothelial cell proliferation in vitro after incubation with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs. AB - An in vitro tissue culture model was used in the evaluation of various anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs on endothelial cell proliferation and eicosanoid production. Low concentrations, less than normally achieved plasma concentrations of various heparins (beef lung, porcine intestinal and low molecular weight heparin from porcine intestine), increased endothelial cell growth. Higher concentrations showed a decrease for regular heparins, most marked for beef lung heparin -45%, compared to -21% for porcine intestinal heparin, but still an increase, +22%, was noted for low molecular weight heparin. Of the antiplatelet drugs, ibuprofen and dazoxiben reduced plating efficiency and endothelial cell proliferation. Of the antiplatelet drugs, all but dipyridamole reduced prostacyclin metabolite production. The difference in endothelial cell proliferation between heparins is of great interest and warrants further investigation. PMID- 3144960 TI - [Participation of tissue basophils of the parathyroid glands in the regulation of the morphofunctional state of the organ]. AB - By means of cytometry estimation of mitotic index and nucleo-cytoplasmic relation of parathyrocytes, parathyroid glands have been studied in 52 white rats and 28 white mice under conditions of intal inhibition (30 mg/kg of body mass twice a day intraperitoneally) of tissue basophils (TB) secretory activity. For stimulation of the glands, repeated injections of trilon B and hemiparathyroidectomy are used. The experiment lasts for 3.5 days. In the rat parathyroid glands, containing a considerable amount of TB, intal does not produce any important effect of quantitative parameters of the organ's structure in intact animals, nevertheless it prevents development of hypertrophy of the parathyrocytes in the stimulated glands, as well as makes weaker the proliferative response of the cells to hemiparathyroidectomy. In mice, their parathyroid glands containing single TB, under conditions of stimulation of the parathyroid function, intal does not produce any inhibitory effect to growth of middle size parathyrocytes. The results obtained demonstrate that the parathyroid TB actively participate in regulation of the organ's morphofunctional state, intensifying the stimulating effect of hypocalcaemia to the parathyroid parenchyma. PMID- 3144961 TI - [The fat absorption test in children]. AB - To overcome the difficulties observed with fecal fat estimations, we studied fat absorption in 4 m to 12 years old children, assessing increments of serum triglycerides after administration of corn oil. Eighteen well-nourished children without gastrointestinal symptoms or parasites, 31 children with protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM), with or without protracted diarrhea and/or intestinal parasites and nine children with specific malabsorptive entities were studied. Serum triglycerides (TG) were measured before, 2 and 4 hours after the administration of 2 g/kg of corn oil per os. For control infants below 2 years no significant differences between the fasting level and those after 2 and 4 hours were observed. For children above this age significant absorption occurred by 2 hours but more intensively after 4 hours, an increment of TG above 35 mg% being considered normal. A good discrimination between TG increments of controls and malabsorptive children over 2 years was observed. In conclusion, the oral fat loading test, is applicable for children over 2 year of age. For infants below this age other schedules should be tested. PMID- 3144962 TI - [Effect of isosorbide dinitrate on the lower esophageal sphincter pressure in patients with Chagas' disease]. AB - The effect of 5 mg of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate on the lower esophageal sphincter pressure of 28 chagasic patients with esophageal involvement, was studied by continuous perfusion manometry. The pressure was measured at 5 minute intervals for 60 minutes after drug administration. Isosorbide dinitrate reduced sphincter pressure from 5 to 60 minutes (p less than 0.01). Only two patients hadn't sphincter pressure reduced lower than 50% of initial value at 20 minutes after drug administration. These results indicate that isosorbide dinitrate may be useful to reduce lower esophageal sphincter pressure in chagasic megaesophagus. PMID- 3144963 TI - [Scintigraphic study of gallbladder emptying in chronic Chagas' disease]. AB - Previous studies on gallbladder motility in Chagas' disease, which is known to be associated with diffuse destruction of intramural neurons, have produced conflicting results. In the present study we reevaluated this question by submitting chronic chagasic patients (n = 18) and controls (n = 12) to a cholescintigraphic study of gallbladder emptying in response to a single intra venous injection of 60 ng/kg cerulein 90 min after administration of 99mTC-HIDA. Five min. before and immediately before carulein injection, as well as every 5 min. up to 45 min. after the stimulus, images of the gallbladder were obtained with a gamma-camera coupled to a computer. The counts obtained for regions of interest corresponding to the gallbladder, permitted the calculation of the ejection fraction of the organ and the construction of individual gallbladder emptying curves. The ejection fractions values for the total sample of chagasic patients (median 67.8%; variation, 4.0 to 99.0%), although higher than those for the control group (median: 34.2% variation, 13.1 to 88.0%), were not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). However, analysis of the individual curves for the chagasics permitted identifying 2 subgroups, one of which (n = 9) showed values very similar to those for the controls, whereas the other (n = 9) showed a very rapid and intense gallbladder emptying. It is concluded that impairment of the gallbladder innervation in Chagas' disease may lead to heterogeneous patterns of gallbladder emptying, with some patients being definitely hypersensitive to an exogenous cholecystokinetic agent. PMID- 3144964 TI - [The esophagus in Chagas' disease: physiologic, pharmacologic and clinical studies]. AB - Intramural denervation confirmed anatomopathologically and by means of a pharmacological test is the main factor responsible for achalasia of the cardia and for the absence of peristalsis in the esophageal body in Chagas' disease. The resulting difficulty in transit and stasis cause the main symptoms and complications of megaesophagus. Among the recent phenomena observed in the physiopathology and pharmacology of megaesophagus by the manometric method, we may mention: delayed pharyngo-esophageal time, concomitance of peristalsis and aperistalsis and abnormal responses of the lower sphincter to caerulein, atropine, nifedipine and isosorbitol dinitrate. Gammascintillography was shown to be useful in the study of esophageal transit in megaesophagus by permitting the detection of unsuspected abnormalities, especially when deglution is done with the patient lying down, and by affording a dynamic and quantitative view of the changes in esophageal emptying. PMID- 3144965 TI - The antibiotic susceptibilities and beta-lactamase production of clinical isolated Branhamella catarrhalis from acute otitis media in children. AB - Branhamella catarrhalis has been misconsidered as a normal resident in human respiratory tract for a long time. However, many authors recently have reported its pathogenecity and isolated it from the otolaryngological region. In our study, this organism can be isolated from the ear and nasal discharge in the child with acute otitis media by the rate of 7.5% and 21.4% respectively. Out of this 107 isolated strains, 97 strains (90.7%) were found to be beta-lactamase producing organisms. The MIC measurement of penicillins and cephems (except CEX) for inhibition of all these strains in our study is 6.25 micrograms/ml or less and because of the unreliability of the ABPC's susceptibility test by disk method, it is necessary to check the beta-lactamase production in each strain. Becoming of the high emergence rate of beta-lactamase producing strains, B. catarrhalis should be considered to be as important pathogen as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in upper respiratory tract infections in children. PMID- 3144966 TI - Effect of metal ions on the adaptive response induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in Escherichia coli. AB - Induction of the adaptive response was quantified by analysis of beta galactosidase released after the treatment of Escherichia coli CHS26/pYM3 (ada' lacZ') with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Of the 15 metal ions examined, only Cd++ and Hg++ inhibited induction of the adaptive response with neither severe suppression of cell growth nor inhibition of the induction of the SOS response by MNU. Mutagenicity of MNU was potentiated by the presence of these metal ions in an E. coli strain. These results suggest that the inhibition mechanism involves a specific interaction of Cd++ or Hg++ with O6-methyl-guanine-DNA methyltransferase. PMID- 3144967 TI - Corticosteroids suppress cyclooxygenase messenger RNA levels and prostanoid synthesis in cultured vascular cells. AB - Prostacyclin synthesis by cultured vascular smooth muscle cells was inactivated by aspirin. Recovery required serum factors replaceable by EGF plus TGF-beta and was blocked by cycloheximide but not by actinomycin D. Recovery of cyclooxygenase activity was prevented by preincubation with dexamethasone (0.1 to 2 microM), which also suppressed basal enzyme activity by up to 70%. A full length 2.8 Kb cDNA hybridization probe for human cyclooxygenase identified a cyclooxygenase messenger RNA of approximately 2.8 Kb in these cells. Cyclooxygenase mRNA levels were enhanced by EGF/TGF-beta, but suppressed completely by corticosteroids. It is concluded that inhibition of prostanoid synthesis by corticosteroids is mediated by suppressing cyclooxygenase messenger RNA. These observations provide a new molecular mechanism for the anti-inflammatory activity of the corticosteroids. PMID- 3144968 TI - Opposite effect of Interferon-gamma on PGE2 release from Interleukin-1-stimulated human monocytes or fibroblasts. AB - Stimulated monocytes produce prostaglandins (PGE2) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) or Interleukin-1 (IL-1). This response could be modulated in different ways by Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). This lymphokine, known to potentiate IL-1 production by LPS- or MDP-stimulated monocytes, suppressed different Il-1 activities such as PGE2 release by the same cells. By contrast, an impairement of suppression by IFN-gamma was evidenced in rIL-1 beta-induced PGE2 release from human dermal fibroblasts. Salmon calcitonin (sCT), another inhibitor of IL-1-induced bone resorption, was able to prime monocytes to potentiate PGE2 elaboration by LPS, but failed to modulate PGE2 liberation from either rIL-1 beta-stimulated monocytes or fibroblasts. PMID- 3144970 TI - The induction of glycogenolysis in the perfused liver by platelet activating factor is mediated by prostaglandin D2 from Kupffer cells. AB - Induction of glycogenolysis in the perfused liver by platelet activating factor (PAF) was blocked by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. 3H-labeled PAF was shown to interact in the perfused liver primarily with Kupffer cells. The addition of PAF to Kupffer cells resulted in a dose-dependent stimulation of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) production, which was identified as the main eicosanoid formed after PAF stimulation of the Kupffer cells. PGD2 was able to induce a dose dependent stimulation of glycogenolysis both in the perfused liver and in isolated parenchymal cells. The time-dependency of the PGD2 production and the glucose output by the perfused liver is consistent with a primary interaction of PAF with the Kupffer cells, followed by PGD2 formation, which subsequently stimulates glucose production in parenchymal cells. PMID- 3144969 TI - Characterization of mutant TMK368K pig citrate synthase expressed in and isolated from Escherichia coli. AB - A cDNA that encodes pig citrate synthase (PCS) was inserted into a plasmid T7 vector and was expressed in an E. coli gltA mutant. Up to 10 mg of purified PCS was obtained from 2 liters of E. coli. The mammalian protein produced in E. coli comigrated with the enzyme purified from pig heart on a SDS-polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) with an Mr of 50,000, and reacted with a polyclonal antibody directed against pig heart citrate synthase. The Vmax and Km of the expressed PCS were indistinguishable from those of the pig heart enzyme. The PCS produced in E. coli did not contain the trimethylation modification of Lys 368, characteristic of the pig heart enzyme. These data suggest that the PCS protein produced in E. coli is catalytically similar to the enzyme purified from pig heart and methylation of Lys 368 is not essential for catalysis. PMID- 3144971 TI - Endogenous ADP-ribosylation in human platelets. AB - We have studied ADP-ribosyltransferase activity in platelet cytosol and electropermeabilized platelets. Cytosolic activity causes ADP-ribosylation or of a 37 kDa protein that is activated by increasing the concentration of potassium phosphate. ADP-ribosylation is inhibited by thiol reagents, an effect partially reversed by cholera toxin. In electropermeabilized platelets incubated with [alpha-32P]NAD, the 37 kDa protein is also ADP-ribosylated as are other proteins and albumin. Under these conditions, ADP-ribosylation is partially inhibited by nicotinamide. This experimental design could be used to determine the effect of cell agonists on endogenous ADP-ribosylation of proteins. PMID- 3144972 TI - Isolation and characterization of 5-lipoxygenase from tulip bulbs. AB - An unique membrane bound lipoxygenase was isolated and purified from purple star tulip bulbs with a specific activity of 5.2 mu moles O2 consumed.min-1.mg-1 protein. The purified tulip enzyme exhibits regiospecificity for O2 insertion at C-5 of the arachidonic acid molecule. Identification of the reaction product was confirmed as 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid by analytical criteria which included: cochromatography with the authentic compound, as well as mass spectral and 1H-NMR analysis. Thus, the enzyme from tulip bulbs appears to be different from the cytosolic lipoxygenase from potato tubers, which exhibits non regiospecificity in terms of O2 incorporation. However, the purified tulip lipoxygenase showed a strong immunological crossreactivity with antiserum raised against the purified potato lipoxygenase, indicating close immunological relationship with the other plant lipoxygenases. PMID- 3144973 TI - Transforming growth factor-beta is a potent inhibitor of IL-1 induced protease activity and cartilage proteoglycan degradation. AB - Treatment of chondrocytes in culture with interleukin-1 results in the production of neutral proteases that cause the degradation of the large aggregating proteoglycan. TGF-beta is a pleiotropic growth factor that has been shown to induce differentiation of cartilage and, in some cases, was able to inhibit the IL-1-dependent processes. In this report, we examined whether TGF-beta could block the IL-1 induced catabolic effects on chondrocytes. After treatment with IL 1 beta (30 ng/ml), rabbit articular chondrocytes produced approximately 2 units of neutral protease activity. Under identical conditions, TGF-beta 1 alone did not induce any protease activity. However, a combination of IL-1 and TGF-beta resulted in a dramatic reduction in the level of protease activity. The inhibitory effect of TGF-beta was also observed at the level of proteoglycan incorporation into the extracellular matrix. The IL-1 treated chondrocytes failed to incorporate proteoglycans into their extracellular matrix. However, addition of TGF-beta in the presence of IL-1 resulted in partial reversal towards a normal extracellular matrix. These studies indicate that TGF-beta can block and at least partially inhibit the catabolic effects of IL-1 on chondrocytes. PMID- 3144974 TI - Endothelin stimulates phospholipase C in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. AB - Cultured vascular smooth muscle cells from bovine and rat thoracic aortae and from human omental vessels have been examined for cellular responses to endothelin. In myo-[3H]-inositol-prelabelled cells endothelin induced a rapid (within 30 sec) and protracted increase of [3H]-inositol content in inositol bis- and tris-phosphates. Concomitantly, significant polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis occurred within 30 sec. Accumulation of [3H]-inositol monophosphate and hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol were delayed. In cells prelabelled with [3H] arachidonic acid endothelin promoted rapid production of [3H]-diacylglycerol which decayed slowly toward control values after reaching maximum levels (1-2 min). Half-maximally effective concentrations of endothelin for all these cellular responses were comparable (approximately 3-7 nM) and not significantly different between the vascular cell isolates. The involvement of the phospholipase C-signal transduction pathway in mediating endothelin-induced vasoconstriction is invoked. PMID- 3144975 TI - Xenobiotic oxidation by cytochrome P-450-enriched extracts of Streptomyces griseus. AB - Crude extracts of Streptomyces griseus grown on soybean flour-enriched medium contain high levels of cytochrome P-450. The cytochrome P-450-enriched fractions, obtained by ammonium sulfate fractionation (30-50% saturation), catalyze the NADPH-dependent oxidation of a variety of xenobiotics when complemented with both spinach ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase and spinach ferredoxin. Reactions observed are aromatic, benzylic and alicyclic hydroxylations, O-dealkylation, non aromatic double bond epoxidation, N-oxidation and N-acetylation. PMID- 3144976 TI - Immunochemical detection of the alpha-subunit of the G-protein, GZ, in membranes and cytosols of mammalian cells. AB - An antiserum (AS 98) was raised against a synthetic peptide deduced from published cDNA sequences of the alpha-subunit of the putative G-protein, GZ (Fong et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 3066-3070, 1988; Matsuoka et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 5384-5388, 1988). In membrane and cytosol preparations of many but not all tested mammalian tissues, AS 98 predominantly recognized two proteins of 40 and 43 kDa Mr. Whereas high levels of a 40 kDa GZ alpha-subunit were found in rat liver membranes and in brain cytosol, AS 98 failed to detect the alpha-subunit of GZ in brain membranes. PMID- 3144977 TI - Gamma-interferon inhibits rat granulosa cell differentiation in culture. AB - A growing body of evidence indicates that factors secreted by cells of the immune system can directly affect a variety of endocrine phenomena. In the present study we examined the direct effects of the cytokine, interferon (IFN), on FSH stimulated steroidogenesis and LH/hCG receptor induction in rat granulosa cells. We show that gamma-IFN, but not alpha-IFN, inhibits FSH-stimulated progesterone, 20 alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one and estrogen production as well as gonadotropin induced LH/hCG receptor formation in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that gamma-IFN may play a role in the maturation and differentiation of granulosa cells and thus may serve as a regulatory link between the immune and reproductive endocrine systems. PMID- 3144978 TI - The calcium-dependent electrophoretic shift of alpha-lactalbumin, the modifier protein of galactosyl transferase. AB - alpha-Lactalbumin, the modifier protein of galactosyl transferase in the synthesis of lactose by the mammary gland, has been shown to undergo a Ca2+ dependent electrophoretic shift. Such shifts, characteristic of most calcium modulated proteins, are related to gross conformational changes upon binding calcium when detected in the presence of detergent (SDS-PAGE). However, we detected the calcium shift for alpha-lactalbumin using non-denaturing PAGE (ND PAGE) where electrical charge changes are observed upon binding calcium. In order for a shift to be observed between the apo and calcium bound protein, calcium ion binding to proteins must have minimal dissociation constants (Kdiss) of 10(-7) M; alpha-lactalbumin is reported to bind calcium at Kdiss = 10(-10) to 10(-12) M. The electrophoretic shift identifies alpha-lactalbumin in complex milk whey patterns of many species of mammals. PMID- 3144979 TI - [Multicenter double-blind study comparing astemizole and terfenadine for nonseasonal rhinitis in the adult]. AB - This comparative multicentric randomized study was carried out by 36 town allergists, during 2 months out of pollen season, following the double blind rigorous methodology. It concerns 109 patients, about 30 years old, and suffering from allergic and aperiodic rhinitis, since 6 to 7 years on an average. After a period of 2 months the treatment was considered to be sufficiently effective in 77.7% of the patients treated with Astemizole; and in 65.2% of those treated with Terfenadine. We remark, as much in the study about the global efficacy as in the symptom by symptom study, a superiority of the Astemizole on the Terfenadine. This difference in effectiveness repeatedly reaches a significant level, at the time of the daily evaluation of symptoms. The action time is equivalent in both groups. The observed lateral effects are minor, and they differ between both groups, neither in frequency nor in nature. The new HI anti-histaminics are characterized by the absence of sedative effect and by their good tolerance. This study demonstrates their effectiveness and their action rapidity, in a chronic pathology that is specially constraining for the patient. PMID- 3144981 TI - Neural crest and craniofacial disorders: genetic aspects. Proceedings of the March of Dimes Clinical Genetic Conference. Minneapolis, July 19-22, 1987. PMID- 3144980 TI - A structural basis for human cross-reacting idiotypes. PMID- 3144982 TI - Heterogeneity and variability in the oral-facial-digital syndromes. AB - The oral-facial-digital syndromes are a heterogeneous group of conditions sharing oral, facial, and digital anomalies. Based on more or less subtle clinical differences, at least seven causally different entities can be identified in this group. These include 1) oral-facial-digital syndrome (OFDS) I; 2) Mohr syndrome (OFDS II); 3) OFDS III; 4) OFDS with tibial anomalies (OFDS IV); 5) Thurston syndrome; 6) Varadi syndrome; and 7) Whelan syndrome. However, since differentiation between these entities is based on clinical findings, this classification should be viewed as tentative until more definitive methods are available. PMID- 3144983 TI - Aglossia with congenital absence of the mandibular rami and other craniofacial abnormalities. AB - We describe a severe first branchial arch abnormality including nearly complete absence of mandible, hypoplasia of the maxilla and the zygomatic arches, and complete gingival fusion in a chromosomally normal child born to a nonconsanguineous couple who deny prenatal exposures. A tight orbicularis oris muscle caused the lips to be constantly pursed. Intraoral contents could only be defined after the fused gingiva were separated. The infant had hypoplasia of the buccal cavity with a persistent membrane separating it from the pharynx; palate structures and tongue were absent. The orbits and midface were severely hypoplastic. However, the ears were normal in shape and only slightly low in position. There was unilateral optic nerve coloboma and coronal craniosynostosis. The only noncraniofacial malformation was an atrial septal defect. Embryologically, there is severe malformation of structures arising from the cephalic neural crest cells of both the maxillary and mandibular prominences of the first branchial arch. However, the first branchial cleft region was spared. PMID- 3144984 TI - Application of new technologies to studies of neural crest migration and differentiation. AB - This review describes the application of new techniques for examining some longstanding questions in the neural crest system concerning pathways of migration, cell lineage decisions, and importance of the extracellular matrix. The first issue examined involves the migratory pathways followed by neural crest cells. In birds, it has been possible to map crest migratory routes accurately using antibodies that selectively recognize neural crest cells. These antibodies permit the identification of migrating cells in the absence of the surgical trauma incurred by neural tube transplantations. In amphibian embryos, which are more readily accessible to embryological manipulation than are birds, neural fold grafts using two new cell markers have made it possible to map the early stages of neural crest migration using both interspecific and intraspecific chimerae. In both birds and amphibians, a metameric pattern of neural crest migration was observed; this presumably results from interactions with the adjacent somites. A second novel experimental paradigm tests the role of cell surface-extracellular matrix interactions in neural crest migration. Using antibodies to perturb interactions between the cell surface and the extracellular matrix selectively, it has been possible to identify some molecular interactions that are important for aspects of neural crest migration in situ. New techniques have also made it possible to examine the cell lineage decisions of neural crest cells. Using a retrograde labeling technique and a method of microinjecting cells into embryos, we have found that neural crest-derived cholinergic neurons remain plastic with respect to their neurotransmitter expression even after overt differentiation. New cell-marking techniques have made it possible to study neural crest cell lineage by means of clonal analysis. Individual neural crest precursors can be injected with a cell lineage tracer that is passed to all of its progeny. Thus, we can examine the developmental potential of individual neural crest cells. The various experimental paradigms presented in this review illustrate the utility of recent technological advances to study embryological questions that have long concerned investigators interested in the neural crest and in other developmental systems. PMID- 3144985 TI - Oculoauriculovertebral anomaly: variability and causal heterogeneity. AB - The oculoauriculovertebral anomaly is a complex developmental field defect. There is lack of agreement on the minimal diagnostic criteria and the phenotypic spectrum. Causal heterogeneity has been described. This report reviews aspects of phenotypic variability and causal heterogeneity and discusses current understanding of the defect. PMID- 3144986 TI - New syndromes from old: evaluation of heterogeneity and variability in syndrome definition and delineation. AB - In 1969, McKusick discussed the nosology of genetic disease and the importance of considering heterogeneity and variability. Those considerations are still important today in that new syndromes are being described at the rate of one or more per week. However, often a "new" syndrome actually represents variable expression of a previously described condition; at other times, a child is reported as having a variant of a previously described syndrome when in reality that child has a distinct condition. The concepts of variability and heterogeneity will be discussed in the context of recently described findings in some "old" syndromes, thus shedding new light on them. PMID- 3144987 TI - Molecular determinants of cranial neural crest-derived odontogenic ectomesenchyme during dentinogenesis. AB - Positional information on tooth morphogenesis is investigated by the identification of when and where phenotypic markers are expressed during odontogenesis. This temporal and positional information is correlated with the instructive and permissive signaling required for both dentinogenesis and amelogenesis. Of particular interest is the establishment of a map for the cranial neural crest-derived dental papilla ectomesenchyme and the odontoblast cell lineages. The expression of ectomesenchyme-derived cytotactin, dentin phosphoprotein, and epithelial-derived enamel proteins was studied in mice using embryonic, fetal, and postnatal mandibular first molar tooth organ development. This review summarizes the observations in the context of instructive epithelial mesenchymal interactions and suggests that amelogenesis imperfecta and dentinogenesis imperfecta may in part be explained by alterations in these differentiation markers. Recombinant DNA methods should facilitate future investigations of these inherited dental disorders. PMID- 3144988 TI - "New syndromes," Part II: "European" syndromes. AB - This report surveys literature on four syndromes with major manifestations in the craniofacial region, i.e., Laband syndrome, de Barsy syndrome, Wiedemann Rautenstrauch syndrome, and LADD syndrome. In general, these four syndromes are better described in the European than in the North American literature. In addition, we report on a newly diagnosed woman having the Laband syndrome and normal intelligence. Finally, we describe a possibly "new" craniofacial syndrome in a mother and her son. PMID- 3144989 TI - Taurodontism: an anomaly of teeth reflecting disruptive developmental homeostasis. AB - Two models concerning morphometric traits occurring frequently in aneuploidy states posit, respectively, 1) that they reflect the expression of specific major oligogenes for that trait on the chromosome involved or 2) that they result from a generalized disruption of developmental homeostasis. In contrast to previous studies that have investigated variations in morphometric traits in a single aneuploidy state, this study investigates a single morphometric trait, taurodontism, as it occurs in otherwise normal individuals, in nonchromosomal syndromes, and in aneuploidy syndromes to determine whether the trait best fits the oligogene or the disrupted developmental homeostasis model. Taurodontism is diagnosed from dental radiographs. It is an extreme variation in tooth form seen in multirooted teeth in which the bifurcation or trifurcation of the roots is displaced toward the apex of the root, resulting in increased size of the pulp chamber. The point of furcation, and consequently the size of the pulp chamber, is a quasicontinuously distributed trait. The results indicate that taurodontism most likely is the result of disrupted developmental homeostasis. PMID- 3144990 TI - Craniosynostosis update 1987. AB - Information on craniosynostosis in this paper updates "Craniosynostosis: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management" (Cohen MM Jr: New York: Raven Press, 1986). It also discusses recent developments that were included in the book but need further explanation or emphasis. Subjects discussed are: epidemiology, etiology, sutural biology, growth and development, neurological and psychosocial aspects, surgery, cloverleaf skulls, craniosynostosis syndromes, and prenatal diagnosis. Under the subject of etiology, fetal head constraint, maternal thyroid disease, calcified cephalohematoma, teratogens, and delayed suture closure and Wormian bones are considered. An updating of 15 cloverleaf skull conditions includes four monogenic disorders, two chromosomal disorders, one disruption, one iatrogenic condition, and seven syndromes of unknown cause. Newly recognized disorders with cloverleaf skull include Beare-Stevenson cutis gyratum syndrome and Say-Poznanski syndrome. Craniosynostosis syndromes and associations discussed include acrocraniofacial dysostosis, Apert syndrome, Beare-Stevenson cutis gyratum syndrome, Calabro syndrome, calvarial hyperostosis, chromosomal craniostenosis, Cole-Carpenter type osteogenesis imperfecta, Crouzon syndrome, Curry-Jones syndrome, Curry variant of Carpenter syndrome, cutis aplasia and cranial stenosis, Fontaine-Farriaux syndrome, Gomex-Lopez-Hernandez syndrome, Hersh syndrome, hyper-IgE syndrome and craniostenosis, hypomandibular faciocranial dysostosis, Marfanoid features and craniostenosis, Pfeiffer-type cardiocranial syndrome, Pfeiffer-type dolichocephalosyndactyly, and Say-Barber syndrome. PMID- 3144991 TI - Cardiovascular function and arterial blood gases during isolated ultrafiltration in healthy man. AB - In order to recognize possible cardiovascular signs of underhydration during isolated ultrafiltration (IUF), we have studied the physiological hemodynamic adaptation to IUF in healthy man both above and below normohydration. In 7 subjects IUF was performed with the subjects in a normohydrated state at the start of IUF. In 8 subjects the IUF was preceded by a 1-hour infusion of Ringer solution equal to 3% of body weight. By invasive techniques, cardiac index (thermodilution), stroke index, heart rate, brachial and pulmonary arterial blood pressures, systemic vascular resistance index, central blood temperature, PaO2 and PaCO2 were measured. Calf vascular resistance was assessed by venous occlusion plethysmography. A recirculation period of 30 min was followed by IUF in both study groups. During IUF with overhydration and normohydration at the start of IUF, cardiac output fell because of a decline in stroke volume and an unchanged heart rate. Blood pressure remained constant because of systemic vascular constriction. PaO2 and PaCO2 remained unchanged. IUF in healthy man is mainly characterized by vascular constriction and an unchanged heart rate. Thus, the cardiovascular adaptation to ultrafiltration was the same whether or not ultrafiltration was performed at overhydration or normohydration at the start of ultrafiltration. Therefore, it is unlikely that monitoring of heart rate or noninvasive recording of blood pressure can predict whether a subject is becoming underhydrated during isolated ultrafiltration. The adaptation to IUF is similar to that observed during the treatment of uremic patients without complications. PMID- 3144992 TI - 6-Hydroxydopamine mediated cardiotoxicity in rabbits. AB - Weekly injections of the catecholamine depleting agent 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) were used to denervate rabbit hearts chemically. Analyses of morphology and beta adrenergic receptor density were made at 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Changes resulting from subacute and chronic inflammatory processes were evident by light microscopy after 1 week. At that time, electron microscopy revealed marked increases in collagen, large myocytic vacuolizations in myocytes, widened gap junctions, and myofibrillar degeneration and dropout. Receptor density was marginally increased at 2 weeks but was decreased (p less than .05) at 4 weeks (maximal [3H]dihydroalprenolol (DHA) binding in fmol/mg: 69.6 +/- 5.4 in controls vs 49.2 +/- 5.1 in 6-OHDA-treated animals). Basal, isoproterenol-stimulated and F- stimulated adenylate cyclase activities were decreased in the 6-OHDA-treated group at 4 weeks. We conclude that administration of 6-OHDA may cause severe myocardial damage, and that this process may involve loss of some functional components of the cell membrane. PMID- 3144994 TI - First isolation of Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever virus in Madagascar. PMID- 3144993 TI - Preparation of high-titred antisera for sigma virus strains from Hawaii and France and their use in neutralization tests in vitro and in vivo. AB - Antisera were prepared in rabbits against two strains of sigma virus, from France and Hawaii respectively, using purified virus from cell cultures. All antisera had the same titre by immunofluorescence, 1/400 or 1/800, whether tested against the homologous or the heterologous virus. An antiserum prepared with the French strain neutralized the Hawaiian virus at a dilution of 1/800 both in vitro and in vivo. The Hawaiian virus was not neutralized to a significant extent by reference mouse ascitic fluids for 26 different vertebrate rhabdoviruses. PMID- 3144995 TI - The simian immunodeficiency virus envelope open reading frame located after the termination codon is expressed in vivo in infected animals. AB - Genetic comparison of SIVmac to the human retroviruses generally associated with AIDS revealed a closer relationship to HIV-2 than to HIV-1. A common feature differentiating SIV and HIV-2 from HIV-1 is the size of the transmembrane portion of the envelope, which is smaller (gp32) in SIVmac and HIV-2 than in HIV-1 (gp41). The presence of this truncated form of the transmembrane glycoprotein in SIVmac and HIV-2 virions is apparently related to the presence of a translation termination codon in the env gene of all SIV proviruses analyzed as well as in one HIV-2 provirus. Since the carboxy terminus of the envelope transmembrane protein has been implicated in the cytopathic effect of HIV-1 in vitro, we decided to investigate whether putative expression of the open reading frame located after the termination codon correlates with the pathogenicity of SIVmac in vivo. We generated two synthetic peptides from the inferred amino acid sequence of SIVmac and tested their reactivity by Western blot against the sera of naturally and experimentally infected monkeys as well as against sera of HIV-2 infected individuals. Our results indicate that the protein synthesized from this open reading frame is expressed in vivo, since an immunoresponse can be detected against the synthetic peptides in two of three experimentally SIVmac-infected animals. However, no correlation can be found between its expression and disease progression at this time. Furthermore, a rabbit immune serum raised against the synthetic peptide failed to identify any specific protein in SIVmac-infected cells. PMID- 3144996 TI - Inhibition of growth of HIV by human natural interferon in vitro. AB - The effect of human natural interferons (IFN) alpha, beta, and gamma on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strain LAV in T cell lines TALL 1 and CCRF-CEM and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was studied. The growth of TALL-1 was moderately sensitive to these IFN, whereas that of CCRF-CEM was resistant to them. The progeny virus yield of LAV in TALL-1 at the time of its peak was reduced to 10% of the control level at IFN-alpha, beta, and gamma concentrations of 3, 11, and 23 IU/ml, respectively. These concentrations of IFN alpha, beta, and gamma did not affect the cell growth. In CCRF-CEM, IFN-alpha, beta, and gamma at the concentration of 50, 60, and 76 IU/ml reduced the progeny virus to 10% of the control level. The virus growth in PBL was more sensitive to IFN than that in CCRF-CEM. The progeny virus yield was reduced to 10% of the control level by IFN-alpha and beta concentrations of 5 IU/ml and less than 5 IU/ml, respectively. PMID- 3144997 TI - The effects of flumazenil, a new benzodiazepine antagonist, on the reversal of midazolam sedation and amnesia in dental patients. PMID- 3144998 TI - The cost benefit of routine pre-operative Hb investigations for oral surgery. PMID- 3144999 TI - How the rise time of carbon dioxide analysers influences the accuracy of carbon dioxide measurements. AB - Carbon dioxide measurements are not accurate, especially in children, if the response time of the carbon dioxide analyser is too slow and its output fails to reach the actual carbon dioxide concentration at the end of the breath. The distortion of the carbon dioxide waveform is a function of the "rise time" of the analyser. We have simulated an expired carbon dioxide curve and calculated the rise time required to measure accurately end-tidal carbon dioxide and VCO2 in adults and children. A rise time of 80 ms (10-70%) is sufficient to measure end tidal carbon dioxide concentration with 5% accuracy in patients with rates of ventilation less than 100 b.p.m. and I:E ratios less than 2:1. We have measured the rise time of 11 commercially available carbon dioxide analysers and found that only six of the 11 responded quickly enough to be accurate for rates up to 100 b.p.m. All 11 responded rapidly enough to measure end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration with 5% accuracy when ventilatory rates were less than 30 b.p.m. To measure VCO2 with 5% accuracy, an analyser should have a rise time of 20 ms. Only one analyser met this specification. An analyser's rise time can be estimated clinically to within 10 (SD 8) ms by a simple breath hold and forced exhalation, thus providing an estimate of the accuracy of carbon dioxide measurements in adults or children. PMID- 3145000 TI - Sedation following cardiac surgery: evaluation of alfentanil and morphine in the presence of a computerized closed loop arterial pressure controller. AB - Forty patients who had undergone coronary artery graft surgery and who required vasodilator therapy for postoperative hypertension were given infusions of either alfentanil or morphine together with bolus doses of midazolam for sedation and analgesia while ventilation was controlled artificially. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was administered to both groups using a computer-controlled closed loop system which adjusted the infusion rate to maintain a preset target arterial pressure. Target pressure +/- 5, 10, 15 and 20 mm Hg was maintained longer in the group receiving alfentanil. This group also required less SNP per hour. No difference was noted between the groups in the time taken to regain spontaneous ventilation and to extubation of the trachea, although the alfentanil group tended to be sedated more deeply during the infusion. The main advantage of alfentanil over morphine at doses used in this study was its superior ability to attenuate hypertensive responses to noxious stimuli, providing improved haemodynamic stability. PMID- 3145001 TI - Increased ventilation requirements during obstetric general anaesthesia. AB - The inspiratory fresh gas flow rate (FGF) required to produce an end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PE'CO2) of 4 kPa during general anaesthesia, neuromuscular blockade and artificial ventilation, was compared in a group of 46 obstetric patients and a matched group of 50 non-pregnant female patients. The non-pregnant patients required a mean (SD) inspiratory FGF of 77 (10.6) ml kg-1 min-1, whereas the pregnant patients required a mean FGF of 121 (24.6) ml kg-1 min-1 before delivery (in those who reached a stable state), and 109 (19.3) ml kg-1 min-1 after delivery. These represent significant (P less than 0.0001) increases of 57% and 42%, respectively, over the non-pregnant state. PMID- 3145002 TI - Carbon dioxide production in cyanotic children during anaesthesia with controlled ventilation. AB - Carbon dioxide production and ventilatory efficiency were measured during undisturbed anaesthesia with intermittent positive pressure ventilation in 34 children about to undergo closed or open cardiac surgery. Anaesthesia was provided with fentanyl or halothane and nitrous oxide. There were 15 cyanotic and 19 acyanotic children. Children with cyanotic heart disease produced approximately 20% less carbon dioxide per unit body weight than acyanotic children, but ventilation was approximately 20% less efficient. Adequate ventilation should therefore be obtained when "normal" ventilation in relation to body weight is used in cyanotic children. PMID- 3145003 TI - A double-blind comparative study with mupirocin vs placebo base in the treatment of chronic leg ulcers. PMID- 3145004 TI - Current opinion on the management of hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors. PMID- 3145005 TI - Genetic and environmental determinants of plasma lipoproteins relevant to coronary heart disease. PMID- 3145006 TI - Lipids and diet in relation to cardiovascular disease in Iceland. PMID- 3145007 TI - Effect of antihypertensive therapy on plasma lipoproteins in essential hypertension. PMID- 3145008 TI - Activity of alpha-interferons in chronic myelogenous leukaemia. PMID- 3145009 TI - Alpha-interferon in the treatment of malignant lymphoma. PMID- 3145010 TI - Oncogenes and the pathogenesis of human cancers: implications for cancer diagnosis and management. PMID- 3145011 TI - Alpha-interferons in malignant melanoma. PMID- 3145012 TI - Human monoclonal antibodies and haemolytic disease of the newborn. PMID- 3145013 TI - High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin for acquired von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 3145014 TI - Cost-benefit analysis of cephradine and mezlocillin prophylaxis for abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy. AB - Four hundred patients (300 abdominal and 100 vaginal hysterectomies) were randomized to receive a single, pre-operative intravenous injection of saline (placebo), 2 g cephradine or 5 g mezlocillin. The frequency of wound and pelvic infections was significantly reduced (P less than 0.05, chi 2- or Fisher's exact test) in the abdominal hysterectomy patients who received cephradine (16% vs 23% mezlocillin, 29% placebo) and in the vaginal hysterectomy patients who received cephradine or mezlocillin (0% mezlocillin, 6% cephradine vs 27% placebo). These results are similar to those of previous studies and suggest that prophylaxis is more effective for vaginal than for abdominal hysterectomy. However, a cost benefit analysis supported the opposite conclusion. Cephradine prophylaxis for abdominal hysterectomy resulted in cost savings to the hospital and the community health services with measurable benefits to the patient. In contrast, cephradine or mezlocillin prophylaxis for vaginal hysterectomy resulted in increased costs to the hospital, no savings to community services and no significant benefit to the patient. We conclude that cost-benefit analysis provided valuable additional information to the conventional, statistical analysis of wound or pelvic infection rates. PMID- 3145015 TI - Partial purification of a binding protein for polychlorinated biphenyls from rat lung cytosol: physicochemical and immunochemical characterization. AB - A binding protein for certain methyl sulfone metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) was partially purified from lung cytosol of untreated female rats. The protein has an Mr of 13,000 and a pI of 5.3 in the absence of reducing agents. In the presence of dithioerythreitol or beta-mercaptoethanol, the protein is split into subunits with a more basic pI. The 13-kDa protein was electroeluted from SDS-polyacrylamide gels, and an antiserum against the protein was raised in rabbit. The immunoglobulin fraction was shown to contain monospecific antibodies against the 13-kDa protein as determined by Western immunoblots. The antibodies retained partially purified binding protein labeled with radioactive ligand when subjected to protein A-Sepharose chromatography and caused a shift in the elution of the labeled protein from Sephadex G-75 and a shift in its sedimentation behavior on sucrose gradients. Due to striking similarities in physicochemical characteristics of the 13-kDa protein and a protein purified from rabbit lung and uterus, uteroglobin, the anti 13-kDa protein antibodies were tested for cross reactivity. As judged by Western immunoblots, the anti 13-kDa protein antibodies did not cross-react with uteroglobin and the two proteins, although similar, do not seem to be identical. The 13-kDa protein is proposed to be responsible for the accumulation of certain methylsulfonyl-PCBs in lung tissue of rats. Monospecific antibodies against the 13-kDa protein should constitute immunochemical probes of great value in attempts to elucidate the physiological role of the protein as well as its possible role in PCB-induced respiratory toxicity. PMID- 3145016 TI - Rat skeletal muscle, liver and brain have different fetal and adult forms of the glucose transporter. AB - Rabbit antibodies made against the human erythrocyte glucose transporter were used to determine whether or not embryonic glucose transporters of rat skeletal muscle, liver and brain are identical to the transporters of adult animals. The results indicate that in both skeletal muscle and liver, the transporter switches from a highly antibody-reactive embryonic form to a low antibody-reactive adult form within 2 days of birth. This suggests that there are two different forms of glucose transporter in embryonic and adult skeletal muscle and liver. In contrast, these antibodies have equal reactivity toward the glucose transporters of embryonic and adult brain. In embryonic brain, two forms of the transporter coexist, with different molecular weights (Mr = 45,000 and 40,000), while in the adult brain the Mr = 40,000 form is predominant. The dissociation constant for glucose for the embryonic liver transporter was measured by displacement of bound cytochalasin B. The results indicate that the embryonic liver transporter has a low affinity for glucose and for cytochalasin B, similar to the adult liver transporter, even though the antibody reactivity toward these two transporters is different. PMID- 3145017 TI - Permeability studies of lipid vesicles from alkalophilic Bacillus firmus showing opposing effects of membrane isoprenoid and diacylglycerol fractions and suggesting a possible basis for obligate alkalophily. AB - Previous studies of the membrane lipids of extremely alkalophilic bacilli had indicated that both facultative and obligate alkalophiles contained a substantial fraction of isoprenoid lipid as well as high concentrations of cardiolipin. Facultative alkalophiles differed from obligate strains in having a phospholipid fatty acid composition that would be expected to result in a more ordered membrane structure. Current studies of ion permeability in vesicles prepared from lipids from obligately alkalophilic Bacillus firmus RAB and its facultatively alkalophilic strain, OF4, support the suggestion that membranes of the latter strain form a tighter barrier structure, with the difference especially pronounced at near neutral pH values. The water permeability of whole cells and the reflection coefficients for acetamide in vesicles were also consistent with a tighter membrane in the facultatively alkalophilic strain than in the obligately alkalophilic strain. The permeability properties of vesicles prepared from phospholipids from these organisms were studied as a function of the addition of either homologous membrane isoprenoid or diacylglycerol. For each permeability parameter that was assayed, in lipids from both strains, the isoprenoid fraction decreased the permeability, whereas the diacylglycerol fraction increased the permeability of the vesicles to solute. PMID- 3145018 TI - A DNA polymerase from a thermoacidophilic archaebacterium: evolutionary and technological interests. AB - The archaebacteria constitute a group of prokaryotes with an intermediate phylogenetic position between eukaryotes and eubacteria. The study of their DNA polymerases may provide valuable information about putative evolutionary relationships between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA polymerases. As a first step towards this goal, we have purified to near homogeneity a DNA polymerase from the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. This enzyme is a monomeric protein of 100 kDa which can catalyze DNA synthesis using either activated calf thymus DNA or oligonucleotide-primed single-stranded DNA as a template. The activity is optimal at 70 degrees C and the enzyme is thermostable up to 80 degrees C; however, it can still polymerize up to 200 nucleotides at 100 degrees C. These remarkable thermophilic properties and thermostability permit examination of the mechanism of DNA synthesis under conditions of decreased stability of the DNA helix. Furthermore, these properties make S. acidocaldarius DNA polymerase a very efficient enzyme to be used in DNA amplification by the recently developed polymerase chain reaction method (PCR) as well as in the Sanger DNA sequencing technique. PMID- 3145019 TI - Multiple roles of DNA ligase at the replication fork. AB - The loss of superhelical turns from a covalently closed duplex DNA exposed to bacteriophage T4 DNA ligase in the presence of AMP and Mg2+ has recently been found to be gradual and not sudden (Montecucco, A. and Ciarrocchi, G. (1988) Nucleic Acids Res. 16, 7369-7381). In this paper, we show that the AMP-dependent DNA relaxation catalyzed by human and E. coli DNA ligases also takes place according to a step-wise mechanism. DNA relaxation is inhibited by pyrophosphate, by ATP (or NAD in the case of the E. coli enzyme) and by high ionic strength and is essentially distributive with the human or T4 DNA ligases, and processive with the bacterial one. The AMP-dependent ability of DNA ligases to relax DNA might allow these enzymes to relieve possible topological complications of the nascent double helix generated by the replication of the lagging strand. PMID- 3145020 TI - Presence of transcription signals in two putative DNA replication origins of human cells. AB - We describe the purification and cloning of human DNA replicated at the onset of S phase in HL60 cells synchronized with aphidicolin. A survey of the overall structural properties of these sequences did not show any distinctive features except for an enrichment in Cot0 DNA. The two longer fragments were completely sequenced and studied in more detail. Both were shown to contain transcriptional signals associated with promoters and/or enhancers, such as the binding sites of Sp1, T antigen and nuclear factor III. In one instance, a binding site for a known cellular transcription factor (USF/MLTF) was located inside the sequence by footprinting. Accordingly, by CAT assay and Northern blot, the same sequence was shown to contain an active promoter. The significance of these findings with respect to the role of transcription in initiation of DNA replication at the origin is discussed. None of the tested fragments exhibited autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) activity in transfected cells. The problems connected with the detection of ARS activity in human cells are critically examined. PMID- 3145021 TI - The ras superfamily proteins. AB - Several recent discoveries indicate that the ras genes, frequently activated to a transforming potential in some human tumours, belong to a large family that can be divided into three main branches: the first branch represented by the ras, ral and rap genes; the second branch, by the rho genes; and the third branch, by the rab genes. The C-terminal end of the encoded proteins always includes a cystein, which may become fatty-acylated, suggesting a sub-membrane localization. The ras superfamily proteins share four regions of high homology corresponding to the GTP binding site; however, even in these regions, significant differences are found, suggesting that the various proteins may possess slightly different biochemical properties. Recent reports show that some of these proteins play an essential role in the control of physical processes such as cell motility, membrane ruffling, endocytosis and exocytosis. Nevertheless, the characterization of the proteins directly interacting with the ras or ras-related gene-products will be required to precisely understand their function. PMID- 3145022 TI - The regulatory strategies of c-myc and c-fos proto-oncogenes share some common mechanisms. AB - There is evidence for both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels of regulation of c-fos and c-myc proto-oncogenes. Transcription of both genes can be regulated at the level of initiation. However, it was recently shown in various situations for c-myc, and in one case for c-fos, that these genes can also be down-regulated by a block to elongation of nascent RNA chains. Both c-myc and c fos mRNAs are known to be extremely unstable (half-lives around 10-15 min) and c myc RNA turnover has been shown to be modulated under various physiological situations. Atypical c-myc RNAs found in certain mouse plasma cell tumors (MPCs) and Burkitt, lymphomas (BLs) are significantly and sometimes dramatically more stable than their normal counterparts. In this review we report that: i) transcriptional control elements reside in murine c-myc and c-fos first exons. Daudi cells provide an example of c-myc activation via removal of this block to elongation; ii) elements necessary for the rapid degradation of c-fos and c-myc RNAs reside in their 3' non-coding regions; iii) these destabilizing elements can be counteracted by atypical 5' sequences found in abnormal c-myc transcripts from BLs and mouse plasmocytomas. PMID- 3145023 TI - [Cell proliferation and cooperation of v-mil and v-myc oncogenes]. AB - Retroviruses which possess the property to recombine with genetic material from the cell, have cloned and activated some oncogenes and hence are a privileged source for the study of these genes. Cellular oncogene activation can occur following two non mutually exclusive ways: (i) by over-expression of their products; (ii) by modifications of their products through mutations. Retroviruses can combine these two ways of activation leading to the over-expression of a modified product. In this paper, we present results obtained in the study of MH2, a retrovirus containing two oncogenes. We have shown that the two oncogenes of MH2 (v-mil and v-myc) cooperate in vitro to transform neuroretina cells from chicken embryos. These cells which normally do not grow in a defined medium, are induced to proliferate and become transformed upon infection by MH2. Our data enabled us to show that in MH2 v-mil was responsible for the induction of proliferation and v-myc for the transformation of the proliferating cells. Using in vitro constructs we located two regions in the protein encoded by v-mil which are important for its mitogenic property. We have also cloned the cellular counterpart of v-mil and the study of its biological activity on neuroretina cells enabled us to propose a mechanism of activation of the cellular gene by truncation of its 5' part. PMID- 3145024 TI - Proto-oncogenes and embryonic development. AB - The role of proto-oncogenes in embryonic development was investigated using one of the most characterized vertebrates, the amphibian Xenopus laevis. Genes which belong to the major proto-oncogene families have been detected in Xenopus genome. The developmental control of the myc gene was assayed using a characterized Xenopus myc probe and specific antibodies. The myc gene is highly expressed as a stable maternal mRNA in oocyte, and an unfertilized egg contains 5 X 10(5)-fold the myc RNA content of a proliferative somatic cell. The myc RNA store is evenly distributed in the oocyte and the egg. Fertilization triggers a post transcriptional control of the gene and the RNA store is progressively degraded to a constitutive value of 10 to 30 myc RNA copies registered per gastrula embryonic cell. The 62K myc protein is accumulated late in oogenesis. This uncoupling of myc expression and cell proliferation appears as a specific developmental regulation of the myc gene, adapted to the series of rapid cell cleavages occurring after fertilization. PMID- 3145025 TI - The human T-cell rearranging gamma (TRG) genes and the gamma T-cell receptor. AB - The human T-cell Rearranging Gamma genes or T-cell Receptor Gamma (TRG) chain genes, like those encoding the T-cell Receptor (TcR) alpha and beta polypeptides, undergo rearrangements specifically in T-cells. The human TRG locus which has been mapped to chromosome 7 (7p15) is composed of 2 constant region genes (TRGC), 5 joining segments (TRGJ) and at least 14 variable gamma genes (TRGV). 8 variable genes are functional and belong to 4 different subgroups. Based on restriction fragments, the TRG rearrangements can be assigned to given V and J segments, in normal T-cells, T leukemias and lymphomas. The product of the rearranged TRG gene is the gamma chain which is expressed at the surface of a subset of CD3+4-8- T lymphocytes lacking the conventional receptor alpha beta. Structural differences exist between the different 'gamma T-cell receptors', the gamma and delta polypeptides being disulfide or non-disulfide linked. Although the TRG+ cells display a cytolytic activity, their precise function remains to be elucidated. PMID- 3145026 TI - CD4 cytotoxic T lymphocyte differentiation. AB - In vitro allostimulated CD4+ human lymphocytes were cloned by micromanipulation and expanded for a short time in IL-2 conditioned medium. In the present study we observed that proliferative noncytotoxic cloned cells were able to acquire the specific cytolytic activity under some modification of the cloned cells restimulation cycle. We demonstrated that rIFN-alpha and -gamma are the agents responsible for the acquisition of specific lytic activity. PMID- 3145027 TI - Structure, function, regulation and clinical significance of the 52K pro cathepsin D secreted by breast cancer cells. AB - In estrogen-receptor-positive human breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, ZR75-1), estrogens specifically increase the secretion into the culture medium of a 52,000 Da (52K) glycoprotein and stimulate cell proliferation. The 52K protein has been purified to homogeneity using monoclonal antibodies and identified as the secreted precursor of a cathepsin D bearing mannose-6-phosphate signals. The secreted precursor 52K protein is mitogenic in vitro in estrogen-deprived MCF7 cells, can be taken up by these cells via mannose-6-phosphate receptors, and can degrade extracellular matrix and proteoglycans following its auto-activation. The protease is also produced constitutively by ER-negative cell lines, and is inducible by tamoxifen in some antiestrogen-resistant variants. The corresponding cDNA has been cloned using N-terminal sequencing of the protein and monoclonal antibodies. Its complete sequencing indicates a strong homology with pro cathepsin D of normal tissues. Using a cDNA probe, the regulation of 52K cathepsin D mRNA by estrogens and antiestrogens has been studied and chromosome localization determined by in situ hybridization. Clinical studies using both immunohistochemistry and immunoenzymatic assay of breast cancer cytosol have shown that the concentration of total cellular cathepsin D (52K + 48K + 34K) is related to the proliferation of mammary ducts and to the prognosis of breast cancer. Its cytosolic concentration in primary tumors of postmenopausal patients is correlated slightly with lymph node invasion and significantly with shorter disease-free intervals in a 6-year retrospective study with the Danish Breast Cancer Groups and Finsen Institute (S. Thorpe et al.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145028 TI - [Specific expression of human pS2 gene in breast cancer]. AB - The hormone-dependence of some human breast cancers is well recognized. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the growth stimulation of these cancers by oestrogens are still poorly understood. With the hope of elucidating these mechanisms, we have recently cloned and studied the structure-function relationship of the human oestrogen and progestin receptors, and also undertaken a study aimed at characterizing genes whose expression is controlled by oestrogens in hormone-dependent breast cancers. We review here our findings concerning one of these genes and its expression products, the pS2 gene. We discuss also whether a systematic determination of pS2 gene expression in breast cancer biopsies could be useful to establish a new biochemical classification of these cancers which may be useful to improve the diagnosis of hormone-dependent cancers. PMID- 3145029 TI - Susceptibility of Xeroderma pigmentosum cells to transformation with oncogenes. AB - Oncogenes capable of transforming 3T3-Vill cells were not detected in 'normal' Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) fibroblasts but were detected in two out of six XP epitheliomas. Preliminary results concerning the transfection of 'normal' XP fibroblasts with activated ras genes seem to indicate that these cells are as resistant as the healthy controls to the transforming action of the group II oncogenes. However, after transfection with v-myb oncogene in XP fibroblasts several cellular clones have been isolated showing some new phenotypic characteristics. PMID- 3145030 TI - Hamster thecal cells express muscle characteristics. AB - Contraction of the follicular wall about the time of ovulation appears to be a coordinated event; however, the cells that mediate it remain poorly studied. We examined the theca externa cells in the wall of hamster follicles for the presence of a functional actomyosin system, both in developing follicles and in culture. We used a monoclonal antibody (HHF35) that recognizes the alpha and gamma isoelectric variants of actin normally found in muscle, but not the beta variant associated with non-muscle sources, to evaluate large preovulatory follicles for actin content and composition. Antibody staining of sectioned ovaries showed intense circumferential reactivity in the outermost wall of developing follicles. Immunoblots from two-dimensional gels of theca externa lysates demonstrated the presence of the two muscle-specific isozymes of actin. Immunofluorescence of cultured follicular cells pulse-labeled with [3H] thymidine (for autoradiographic detection of DNA replication) revealed the presence, in many dividing cells, of actin filaments aligned primarily along the longitudinal axis of the cells. In cultures exposed to the calcium ionophore A23187 (10(-4) M) for varying periods (5 min to 1 h), contraction of many individual muscle-actin positive cells was observed. Immunofluorescence of these cells, fixed immediately after ionophore-induced contraction, revealed compaction of the actin filaments. Our findings demonstrate that the cells of the theca externa contain muscle actins from an early stage and that these cells are capable of contraction even while proliferating in subconfluent cultures. They suggest that follicular growth may include a naturally occurring developmental sequence in which a contractile cell type proliferates in the differentiated state. PMID- 3145031 TI - Luteinizing hormone-independent luteinization and ovulation in the hypophysectomized rat: a possible role for the oocyte? AB - Immature hypophysectomized, estrogen-treated rats were used to study the regulation of luteinization. Particular attention was focused on the potential role of the oocyte in this process. Rats were injected for 2 days with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to stimulate follicular development. Within 48 h following FSH treatment, many follicles became luteinized, as determined by morphometric analysis. This luteinization occurred in the absence of detectable levels of luteinizing hormone (LH). The number of follicles undergoing luteinization was dependent on the FSH dose. In addition, ovulation occurred in some of the animals receiving the highest doses of FSH (3-micrograms or 5 micrograms injections). The majority of follicles undergoing luteinization or ovulation were greater than 400 microns in diameter. Luteinized follicles exhibited positive reactivity for cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, lipid, and alkaline phosphatase, which was similar to that found in corpora lutea of the cycle. Serum progesterone (P0) and 20 alpha hydroxypregn-4-en-one levels were elevated in animals with luteinized follicles, especially in those animals that also underwent ovulation. Morphological evaluation of oocytes showed that the majority of luteinized follicles contained a degenerating oocyte. Oocyte degeneration was highly correlated (r = 0.94) to luteinization. These results demonstrate that luteinization and ovulation can occur in the FSH/estrogen-primed hypophysectomized rats in the absence of detectable serum LH. Furthermore, LH-independent luteinization was strongly correlated to degenerative changes in the oocyte. These results provide new evidence to support the concept that the oocyte may be an intraovarian regulator of luteinization. PMID- 3145032 TI - Bioactive follicle-stimulating hormone levels in serum and urine of male and female rats from birth to prepubertal period. AB - Using a sensitive in vitro granulosa cell aromatase bioassay (GAB), we determined serum and urinary levels of bioactive follicle-stimulating hormone (bio-FSH) in male and female rats from birth to Day 40 of age. In addition, serum immunoreactive FSH (immuno-FSH) was measured by radioimmunoassay to determine the bio- to immuno-(B/I) ratio of FSH. During the neonatal period (Days 1-7 of age), both sexes had detectable serum bio-FSH levels. In the infantile period (Days 7 21), serum bio-FSH levels initially decreased at Day 10 for both sexes, and then rose steadily, reaching maximum concentrations at Day 14 (males: 68.7 ng/ml; females: 114.6 ng/ml). Subsequently, FSH levels in the females decreased from Day 16 throughout the juvenile (Days 21-35) and prepubertal (Days 35-40) periods. In contrast, FSH levels in the males fluctuated during these periods. In the males, immuno-FSH reflected the bioactive profiles, with a B/I ratio of 2.2 +/- 0.2. In the females, the B/I ratio was approximately 2.5 during the neonatal and infantile periods but declined to approximately 1.0 during the juvenile and prepubertal periods, consistent with earlier observations of heterogeneous forms of pituitary FSH in immature female rats. Morning urine samples were also collected daily and bio-FSH concentrations were determined. In both sexes, urinary bio-FSH profiles were highly correlated (r = 0.93) with serum FSH throughout development. However, the urine concentrations were about 50-fold higher than serum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145033 TI - Regulation of plasma sex-steroid-binding protein in adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) during different reproductive states. AB - Levels of the sex-steroid binding protein (mSBP) have been characterized in Cynomolgus monkeys, during different stages of reproduction and under hormonal treatments, by an immunoassay allowing a specific and accurate measurement of the protein itself. Using an antiserum specific for native human SBP, we have determined the mSBP level by electroimmunodiffusion. This method correlates closely with the binding capacity measured by a steady-state polyacrylamide electrophoresis. The levels are lower in males (M = 88 +/- 8.6 nmoles/1, n = 6) than in females in the follicular phase (M = 123 +/- 4.4 nmoles/1, n = 5, p less than 0.001) and in castrated males (M = 172 +/- 13.3 nmoles/1, n = 3, p less than 0.001). During gestation, the SBP level decreases (M = 69 +/- 16.3 nmoles/1, n = 7, in the latter part of pregnancy), but during lactation, it is similar to follicular values. Estrogen treatment fails to increase SBP levels in castrated animals, but the values are reduced by testosterone treatment. Since these results are different from those observed in women, we question the validity of using monkeys as models for understanding the mechanisms controlling the concentration of SBP in human blood. PMID- 3145034 TI - Metabolism of round spermatids: gossypol induces uncoupling of respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation. AB - The effect of gossypol on energy metabolism of round spermatids of rats was examined. When spermatids were treated with various concentrations of gossypol for 30 min at 32 degrees C, a biphasic response (stimulation at low concentrations and inhibition at high concentrations) was seen in pyruvate and CO2 production from lactate. At the early period of incubation, gossypol at even high concentrations stimulated CO2 production to an extent similar to that stimulated by 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). At longer periods of incubation, however, the rates of CO2 production from lactate dropped to those seen in the rotenone treated cells. The rates of oxygen consumption were not increased further by DNP when cells were pretreated with gossypol. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content in spermatids was reduced markedly, although lactate oxidation to CO2 and mitochondrial respiration were stimulated by gossypol. These results suggest that gossypol probably exerts its effect on spermatids by uncoupling respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 3145035 TI - Actions of 17 beta-estradiol on gonadotropin release induced by drugs that activate intracellular signal transduction mechanisms in rat anterior pituitary cells. AB - We studied the effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release induced by drugs that activate different intracellular signal transduction mechanisms in rat anterior pituitary cells. Cells were pretreated with E2 (6 x 10(-10) M) or diluent for 24 h. Then, both E2- and diluent-pretreated cells were incubated for 4 h with E2 or diluent, respectively, with or without drugs, and in the presence or absence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Media were assayed for LH and FSH by radioimmunoassays. E2 treatment had no effect on basal FSH release, but occasionally stimulated basal LH release. Phospholipase C (PLC), L-alpha-1,2 dioctanoyl glycerol (C8), veratridine, 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP), melittin (a phospholipase A2 [PLA2] activator), arachidonic acid, PLA2, and GnRH all stimulated LH and FSH release in both E2- and diluent-treated cells. E2 treatment increased both LH and FSH release induced by GnRH, PLC, C8, veratridine, and 8-Br-cAMP, but not by melittin, arachidonic acid, and PLA2. Neither C8, PLA2, nor arachidonic acid in combination with a maximal dose of GnRH had additive effects on either LH or FSH release, whereas melittin increased the maximal response to GnRH in both E2- and diluent-treated cells. The effects of veratridine and 8-Br-cAMP depended on dose of GnRH and presence or absence of E2. These results suggest that E2 augments stimulus coupled gonadotropin release by interacting with the Ca2+-, and/or diacylglycerol , and cAMP-activated pathways, but not with the arachidonic acid-activated pathway. PMID- 3145036 TI - Prostaglandin production by corpora lutea of rhesus monkeys: characterization of incubation conditions and examination of putative regulators. AB - Prostaglandins (PGs) are produced by the corpus luteum (CL) of many domestic and laboratory species and may play a role in CL regulation. The production of PGs by luteal tissue of the rhesus monkey has yet to be clearly elucidated. The production of PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by CL from rhesus monkeys and the incubation conditions (time and cell number) that permit assessment of their synthesis were examined. CL (n = 3 per characterization) were surgically removed from nonpregnant monkeys during the mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (approximately 8-10 days after ovulation). Luteal tissue was dissociated and the cells were incubated at varying concentrations for increasing periods of time at 37 degrees C. Subsequent to defining incubation conditions, various exogenous factors were examined for their potential to modify PG production. Indomethacin, calcium ionophore, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), estradiol-17 beta (E2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and 1-4 6 androstatriene-3, 17-dione (ATD) were incubated with luteal cells in increasing doses. PG and P concentrations in the medium were determined by radioimmunoassay. PGs in the medium after 6 h incubation were detectable at all cell concentrations tested (50,000, 100,000, 200,000 cells/tube). Concentrations of PGs and P increased with cell number (p less than 0.05). Luteal cells (50,000 cells/tube) were incubated for times of 0-24 h. Concentrations of P, PGE2, and PGF2 alpha in the medium were relatively low prior to incubation (0 h), increased (p less than 0.05) linearly within the first 6-12 h, and plateaued through the remaining 24 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145037 TI - Short-term pituitary-testicular responses of prepubertal ram lambs to hemicastration. AB - To examine the short-term effects of hemicastration on pituitary-gonadal responses, 12 ram lambs were anesthetized and hemicastrated at 4 mo of age and killed (n = 4) at 2 (HC2), 7 (HC7), or 14 (HC14) days following surgery. Four intact (INT) rams were killed 14 days following anesthesia. Testis and pituitary weights were similar between HC and INT rams. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in HC rams increased within 6 h, peaked at 12 h, and remained elevated above INT levels throughout the study. Overall mean serum testosterone levels in HC rams were lower than in INT rams for the first 48 h, but were similar by 3 days post-surgery. Pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone secretion was suppressed for the first 9.5 h following anesthesia and/or surgery in both HC and INT animals. A single LH pulse and succeeding testosterone pulse occurred in 10/12 HC and 4/4 INT rams between 10 and 14 h post-surgery, both of which were lower in amplitude in HC than INT animals. However, on Day 7, pulsatile secretory patterns of LH and testosterone were similar, suggesting compensatory androgen secretion had occurred in HC rams. Pituitary LH content was unaffected by hemicastration. In contrast, pituitary FSH content was greater in HC7 and HC14 compared to HC2 and INT animals. Pituitary gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor concentrations were similar in INT, HC7, and HC14 rams, but were slightly reduced in HC2 rams. Neither testicular LH nor FSH receptor concentrations were altered by hemicastration at any time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145038 TI - Molecular dynamics of tryptophan in ribonuclease-T1. I. Simulation strategies and fluorescence anisotropy decay. AB - Molecular dynamics simulations of Ribonuclease-T1 (RNAse-T1) were performed using x-ray crystal coordinates for the enzyme and various simulation strategies. From each of the simulations, a predicted fluorescence anisotropy decay for the single tryptophan residue was derived and compared with experimental values for the limiting anisotropy of this protein. Simulations conducted in vacuo demonstrated large displacements among some of the residues adjacent to the tryptophan side chain. As a consequence, the ring system rotates relatively unhindered through an angle far in excess of that implied by experimental data. In contrast, the explicit simulation of solvent within a stochastic boundary led to excellent agreement between simulation and experiment. In the case of RNAse-T1, the experimentally-determined limiting anisotropy is useful as a criterion of simulation accuracy in the vicinity of the tryptophan side chain. PMID- 3145039 TI - Characterization of the carbamino adducts of insulin. AB - Carbon-13 (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is performed to characterize the formation of carbamino adducts between insulin and (13C) carbon dioxide over a range of pH values in the presence of a physiological concentration (23 mM) of sodium bicarbonate. The peaks from two of the carbamino adducts resonate at higher frequencies than the signal from bicarbonate, at 164.6 and 165.3 ppm, and are attributed to the adducts with the terminal amino groups of phenylalanine B1 and glycine A1. The intensities of these signals vary with the pH, with unique patterns. Over 6% of each terminal amino group exists as the carbamino adduct at the optimum pH values of 7.8 and 8.3. A unique third adduct resonates at 159.3 ppm, and is attributed to lysine B29. This adduct is present on 2% of the insulin molecules at pH 8.2, but has minimal intensity at pH 7.4. No signals from adducts are detected below pH 6.2, where the amino groups exist predominantly in the protonated form. Creation of the adducts is rapid and they are stable for over 4 wk at 37 degrees C. The narrow bandwidth of the resonance of the adduct (4.0-4.5 Hz) relative to the irreversible cyanate adduct is consistent with molecular forms of the carbamino adduct smaller than the 2-Zn hexamer which is the preponderate form of clinically utilized U-100 insulin (i.e., 100 U/ml). PMID- 3145040 TI - Kinetic study in the transient phase of the suicide inactivation of frog epidermis tyrosinase. AB - This paper deals with the kinetic study of a multisubstrate mechanism with enzyme inactivation induced by a suicide substrate. A transient phase approach has been developed that enables the deduction of explicit equations of product concentration vs. time. From these equations kinetic constants which characterize the suicide substrate can be obtained. This study with tyrosinase enzyme, which acts on L-dopa and catechol allowed us to determine the corresponding kinetic parameters, indicating that catechol is about 8-times more powerful as a suicide substrate than is L-dopa. PMID- 3145041 TI - Gonadotropin regulation of rat ovarian lysosomes: existence of a hormone specific dual control mechanism. AB - Gonadotropic hormones PMSG (15 IU/rat), FSH (3 micrograms/rat), LH (9 micrograms/rat) and hCG (3 micrograms/rat) were shown to decrease the free cytosolic lysosomal enzymes during the acute phase of hormone action in rat ovaries. When isolated cells from such rats were analyzed for the cathepsin-D activity, the granulosa cells of the ovary showed a reduction in the free as well as in the total lysosomal enzyme activities in response to FSH/PMSG; the stromal and thecal compartment of the ovary showed a reduction only in the free activity in response to hCG/PMSG. The results suggest the presence of two distinct, target cell specific, mechanisms by which the lysosomal activity of the ovary is regulated by gonadotropins. PMID- 3145042 TI - [Effect of carbidopa and dimethyl sulfoxide on the permeability of the hemato encephalic barrier for 14C-tyrosine and 14C-DOPA in rats]. AB - Carbidopa at a dose 40 and 80 mg/kg, i.p. had no effect on BBB permeability for 14C-tyrosine but increased in a dose-dependent manner the penetration of 14C-DOPA into the brain. DMSO at a dose 1.75, 3.5 and 7 g/kg, i.p. increased the BBB permeability for both isotopes but to a greater extent for the labeled tyrosine. Carbidopa combined with DMSO produced more marked increase of BBB permeability for 14C-DOPA in comparison to their separate application and had no effect on 14C tyrosine penetration. It is suggested that the increased passage of DOPA through the BBB can be achieved by weakening of the enzymatic component of the BBB as well as by the activation of unspecific transport mechanisms (pinocytosis) of the BBB. PMID- 3145043 TI - [The fertility protein factor and congenital developmental defects]. AB - Protein factor of fertility (PFF) has been measured in seminal plasma by immunodiffusion method with sensitivity about 2 mg/L. It has been found that normal level of PFF was from 16 to 256 mg/L, on the average 45.9 mg/L. Family (husband and wife) has been studied in the genetic laboratory by traditional methods. It has been shown that there is the correlation between low PFF levels in seminal plasma (on the average 15.0 mg/L, i.e. from 2 to 64 mg/L) and several developmental defects of fetus. There were anencephalus, hydrocephalus, spina bifida and other morphological defects (coefficient correlation was P less than 0.01). The biological role of PFF in human developmental defects is discussed. PMID- 3145044 TI - Modulation of hepatic cytochrome P-450 and DT-diaphorase by oral and sub cutaneous administration of the pro-oxidant fungicide dichlone (2,3-dichloro-1,4 naphthoquinone). PMID- 3145045 TI - Branchial and renal pathology in the fish exposed chronically to methoxy ethyl mercuric chloride. PMID- 3145046 TI - Embryotoxicity of lead on Bufo arenarum. PMID- 3145047 TI - Toxic potential of non-ortho and mono-ortho coplanar PCBs in commercial PCB preparations: "2,3,7,8-T4 CDD toxicity equivalence factors approach. PMID- 3145048 TI - Effect of insecticides and phenolics on nitrogen fixation by Nostoc linckia. PMID- 3145049 TI - Effect of diphenyl, o-phenylphenol and 2-(4-thiazoyl) benzimidazole on growth of Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 3145051 TI - Vectors for cloning promoters and terminators. PMID- 3145050 TI - Structure elucidation of mitomycin C metabolites. I. The applicability of various mass spectrometric techniques in metabolic studies on mitomycin C. AB - Knowledge of the metabolism of the anticancer drug mitomycin C (MMC) is necessary in order to optimize the administration schemes of this drug. The present study concentrates on the metabolism of MMC in liver homogenates. Various mass spectrometric methods have been investigated for their usefulness in the metabolic studies on MMC by comparing the mass spectral data. Data from electron impact, direct probe chemical ionization, direct chemical ionization, field desorption and thermospray ionization have been obtained. One of the soft ionization methods, i.e. direct chemical ionization, has been applied to the detection of MMC in a spiked piglet liver sample. It appears to be necessary to enhance the selectivity of the method by using tandem mass spectrometry, owing to the high biological background. PMID- 3145052 TI - Generalized cloning vectors for Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 3145054 TI - Overdiagnosing hypertension. PMID- 3145053 TI - Inhibition of A23187-stimulated bone resorption in tissue culture by serum and indomethacin. AB - The present study addresses the controversy that currently exists concerning the effect of the divalent cation ionophore A23187 on bone resorption in tissue culture. We show here that this compound is ineffective if serum is present in the culture medium. However, in a serum-free medium it effectively stimulates bone resorption in neonatal mouse calvaria cultures. This finding does account for the various conflicting reports in the literature. Furthermore, the stimulation of bone resorption by the ionophore was accompanied by increased prostaglandin E2 production. Indomethacin inhibited both phenomena, indicating that prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis is involved in mediating the bone resorption stimulating effect of A23187. PMID- 3145055 TI - Overtreating hypertension. PMID- 3145056 TI - New Zealand proposals to unshackle hospitals. PMID- 3145057 TI - Local anaesthetic creams. PMID- 3145058 TI - Veterinary medicines in animal foods. PMID- 3145059 TI - Campylobacter enteritis. PMID- 3145060 TI - Damp housing and childhood asthma: validation of reporting of symptoms. AB - The relations among parental reports of respiratory symptoms, bronchospasm measured after exercise, and the presence of visible fungal mould in the home was assessed in a population sample of 7 year old children (n = 873). Wheeze in the past year was the symptom most closely associated with reported dampness and particularly with mould. The unadjusted odds ratio relating mould and wheeze was 3.70 (95% confidence interval 2.22 to 6.15), and after adjustment for housing tenure, number of people per room, number of smokers in the household, and gas cooking this remained highly significant (odds ratio 3.00 (1.72 to 5.25)). The reduction in forced expiratory volume in one second after six minutes of free running was used to validate reporting of wheeze. At all levels of measured bronchial lability wheeze was reported more commonly in the children from homes with mould. There was no significant difference in the degree of bronchospasm measured among children from homes with and without mould. Awareness of dampness or mould in the home may be a determinant of parental reporting of symptoms and may account for much of the observed association between mould and respiratory symptoms. PMID- 3145061 TI - Controversy over mammographic screening. PMID- 3145062 TI - Coronary flow reserve and the J curve relation between diastolic blood pressure and myocardial infarction. AB - The results of several large studies of hypertension and follow up studies on insured people have indicated that the lower the blood pressure the better for longevity. These studies excluded subjects with overt ischaemia. More recently long term studies of hypertension that included patients with more severe forms of hypertension and did not exclude those with overt ischaemia have shown a J shaped relation between diastolic blood pressure during treatment and myocardial infarction; the lowest point (the J point) was at a diastolic blood pressure (phase V) between 85 and 90 mm Hg. The J curve seems to be independent of treatment, pulse pressure, and the degree of fall in diastolic blood pressure and is unlikely to be caused by poor left ventricular function. The most probable explanation is that subjects who have severe stenosis of the coronary artery as well as hypertension have a poor coronary flow reserve, which makes the myocardium vulnerable to coronary perfusion pressures that are tolerated by patients without ischaemia, particularly at high heart rates. An optimal diastolic blood pressure (phase V) for such patients is about 85 mm Hg, though particular caution is appropriate when treating very old patients (84 and over) and patients aged 60-79 who have isolated systolic hypertension. PMID- 3145063 TI - Smoking in pregnancy and development into early adulthood. AB - Follow up analyses of data on the 1958 cohort from the national child development study have shown that the association of smoking in pregnancy with physical and intellectual development diverges between the sexes at age 16, no longer being significantly associated with height in girls. These studies, however, have emphasised that the differences in outcome are small and may be explained by other factors. The analyses have taken account of birth weight and have therefore examined the effects of smoking on subsequent development in addition to this variable. To assess the importance of smoking on development in early adult life and whether the effect is independent of birth weight data from the 1958 cohort at age 23 were analysed. Only weak evidence for a relation between smoking in pregnancy and self reported height of the offspring was apparent once social class, size of family, mothers' height, and birth weight for gestational age were taken into account. After omission of birth weight from the analyses, however, the average difference in height between subjects whose mothers smoked 20 cigarettes a day or more during the second half of pregnancy and those whose mothers did not was 0.93 cm in men and 1.83 cm in women. A strong association was also evident with the highest qualification achieved by subjects at this age, suggesting a long term relation between smoking in pregnancy and the intellectual development of the offspring. PMID- 3145065 TI - Pulmonary toxicity of malaria prophylaxis. PMID- 3145064 TI - Recombinant DNA derived monomeric insulin analogue: comparison with soluble human insulin in normal subjects. AB - OBJECTIVE: To compare the rate of absorption from subcutaneous tissue and the resulting hypoglycaemic effect of iodine-125 labelled soluble human insulin and a monomeric insulin analogue derived by recombinant DNA technology. DESIGN: Single blind randomised comparison of equimolar doses of 125I labelled soluble human insulin and insulin analogue. SETTING: Study in normal people at a diabetes research unit and a university department of medical physics. SUBJECTS: Seven healthy male volunteers aged 20-39 not receiving any other drugs. INTERVENTIONS: After an overnight fast and a basal period of one hour two doses (0.05 and 0.1 U/kg) of 125I labelled soluble human insulin and insulin analogue were injected subcutaneously into the anterior abdominal wall on four separate days. END POINT: To find a fast acting insulin for meal related requirements in insulin dependent diabetics. MEASUREMENTS and main results--Residual radioactivity at the injection site was measured continuously for the first two hours after injection of the 125I labelled preparations and thereafter for five minutes simultaneously with blood sampling. Frequent venous blood samples were obtained over six hours for determination of plasma immunoreactive insulin, insulin analogue, glucose, and glucagon values. Time to 50% of initial radioactivity at the injection site for the insulin analogue compared with soluble insulin was 61 v 135 minutes (p less than 0.05) with 0.05 U/kg and 67 v 145 minutes (p less than 0.001) with 0.1 U/kg. Concentrations in plasma increased faster after the insulin analogue compared with soluble insulin, resulting in higher plasma concentrations between 10 and 150 minutes (0.001 less than p less than 0.05) after 0.05 U/kg and between 40 and 360 minutes (0.001 less than p less than 0.05) after 0.1 U/kg. The hypoglycaemic response to insulin analogue was a plasma glucose nadir at 60 minutes with both doses compared with 90 and 120 minutes with soluble insulin at 0.5 and 0.1 U/kg respectively. The response of glucagon substantiated the earlier and more dramatic hypoglycaemic effect with the insulin analogue. CONCLUSIONS: The much faster absorption from subcutaneous tissue of the disubstituted monomeric insulin analogue compared with soluble insulin suggests that the analogue may be a potential candidate for rapid insulin delivery after subcutaneous bolus injection. PMID- 3145066 TI - Plasma methionine enkephalin concentration and prognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 3145067 TI - Bacteraemia in salmonellosis: a 15 year retrospective study from a regional infectious diseases unit. PMID- 3145068 TI - Metatarsal periosteal reactions: a common non-specific finding in radiographs of the diabetic foot. PMID- 3145069 TI - Incidence and consequences of ejection in motor vehicle accidents. PMID- 3145070 TI - Postnatal presentation of coeliac disease. PMID- 3145071 TI - Referrals to hospital by general practitioners: a study of compliance and communication. AB - To determine the extent of non-attendance at first hospital appointments 269 hospital referrals made in one practice over 14 weeks were analysed retrospectively. Non-attendance was more likely among patients referred to outpatient departments than to casualty or for admission. Fifteen per cent (41/269) of all patients and 20% (33/167) of outpatients failed to keep their initial appointments. Prolonged waiting times from referral to appointment were significantly related to non-attendance. Twenty weeks after the last referral had been made no communication had been received by the practice for 24% (61/252) of all referral letters received by the hospital. Minimum delays to appointments and improved communication between hospitals and general practitioners would help general practitioners to make appropriate referrals and improve compliance. PMID- 3145072 TI - How much day surgery? Delphic predictions. AB - A list was compiled of 83 of the commonest operations, which according to published reports may be performed on day patients but which in our district were usually performed on inpatients. The results of a national Delphi study among anaesthetists and general surgeons who were known to be in favour of day surgery produced estimates of the probable rates of day surgery for each of those operations under ideal conditions. Comparison of these figures with those from a Delphi study carried out in one district and with figures for day surgery carried out in that district and with waiting list figures enabled two health districts to focus their efforts to increase day surgery. The figures from the national Delphi study could be applied in other districts if the following are taken into account: Hospital Activity Analysis data must be validated; though there was consensus among the national Delphi consultants, personal clinical opinions varied; the case load may grow as waiting lists decrease. PMID- 3145073 TI - A rehabilitation ward in a district general hospital: first three years' experience. AB - The experience of the first three years' work on a ward for the rehabilitation of patients was reviewed. Adults with physical disabilities or mixed physical and psychological disabilities, including unstable or deteriorating conditions, were accepted for intensive rehabilitation. Most patients had neurological disorders. The ward policy was that each patient had considerable time with the therapist, maximum personal independence was encouraged, and multidisciplinary staff meetings were held to agree the goals of treatment. Much effort was spent helping patients and relatives to adapt to conditions of progressive disability, but the response to questionnaires suggested that these patients as well as those who did improve received some benefit from being on the ward. Overall the benefits of the intensive rehabilitation that was offered on this ward outweighed those from short stays on medical wards. PMID- 3145074 TI - Use and abuse of performance indicators. AB - An audit was performed by this department after allegations by the regional health authority of low productivity. It was found that the health authority had underestimated the number of operations performed in 1983 by only 5%, but an inexact classification and grading of operations had led to errors in the performance indicators of 19.8% for the "weighted number of operations" and 34.5% for the "number of major operations per consultant." When the throughput of orthopaedic departments in districts was compared by the regional health authority it was found that such errors in performance indicators had been further compounded by the inconsistent use of population data and incorrect data on medical staffing. Medical practitioners and the health authorities are alerted to this amplification of inaccurate data. Other methods for assessing trauma and orthopaedic surgery are proposed, such as a simplification of the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys classification of surgical operations, grading operations based on time spent in the operating theatre, and provision of computer programs to code for diagnosis and operation when writing discharge summaries. PMID- 3145075 TI - Anticoagulant drugs in the elderly: valuable in selected patients. PMID- 3145077 TI - Breast screening in Britain and Sweden. PMID- 3145076 TI - Anticoagulant drugs in the elderly: the risks usually outweight the benefits. PMID- 3145078 TI - Chlamydia: One step forward or two backwards? PMID- 3145079 TI - Malaria prophylaxis and epilepsy. PMID- 3145080 TI - Fertility and legal abortions as performance indicators. PMID- 3145081 TI - Hyperprolactinaemia. PMID- 3145082 TI - Psychosis from alcohol or drug abuse. PMID- 3145083 TI - Anxiety and depression in general medical settings. PMID- 3145084 TI - Health and the ozone layer. PMID- 3145085 TI - The closed eyes sign. PMID- 3145086 TI - Effect of acute lung injury on metabolism of adenine nucleotides in rat perfused lung. AB - 1. The hydrolysis of adenosine di- and monophosphate (ADP, AMP) was studied in perfused lungs isolated from rats treated with alpha-naphthylthiourea (ANTU) to induce acute lung injury. This injury is associated with damage to the endothelium, the locus of the ADP and AMP hydrolysing enzymes. 2. Treatment with ANTU did not change the proportion of [3H]-ADP surviving a single passage through the pulmonary circulation, at any time up to 50 h after ANTU. Less than 8% and 2% respectively of 1 or 0.1 mumol ADP, given as a bolus, appeared in lung effluent. 3. The metabolites of ADP, AMP and adenosine in lung effluent were increased fro 2 h after ANTU. 4. Metabolism of [3H]-AMP as substrate was always low but, following ANTU treatment, the adenosine content of lung effluent increased four fold. 5. It appears that, in spite of considerable endothelial cell damage, as demonstrated by pulmonary oedema, the ectoenzymes catalysing ADP and AMP hydrolysis were relatively little affected by ANTU. PMID- 3145087 TI - The relaxant and spasmogenic effects of some xanthine derivatives acting on guinea-pig isolated trachealis muscle. AB - 1. Caffeine (10 mM)-induced relaxation of guinea-pig isolated trachealis was attenuated and converted to a small spasmogenic response on cooling to 22 degrees C. The relaxant response was restored on rewarming to 37 degrees C and was abolished by indomethacin (2.8 microM). Cooling to 22 degrees C in the presence of indomethacin revealed spasmogenic responses to caffeine which were abolished on rewarming to 37 degrees C. 2. Trachealis treated with indomethacin (2.8 microM) was repeatedly dosed with acetylcholine (ACh, 10 microM). Caffeine (1 or 10 mM), added as each ACh-induced spasm reached equilibrium, transiently augmented but then suppressed the spasm. On cooling from 37 degrees C to 12 degrees C, the increment in spasm evoked by caffeine increased relative to the spasm evoked by ACh. 3. Trachealis treated with indomethacin (2.8 microM) was repeatedly dosed with caffeine (10 mM). At 37 degrees C caffeine had little effect but it caused spasm when the tissue was cooled to 32 degrees C. Spasm amplitude increased as cooling progressed to 12 degrees C. Similar results were obtained with caffeine (1 mM). 4. At 37 degrees C, caffeine, enprofylline, 1,3,7,9-tetramethylxanthinium (TMX), theobromine, theophylline, xanthine and forskolin each caused concentration-dependent suppression of tracheal tone. Among the xanthine derivatives the rank order of potency was enprofylline greater than theophylline greater than caffeine greater than theobromine greater than xanthine greater than TMX. 5. In trachealis treated with indomethacin (2.8 microM) and maintained at 12 degrees C, the xanthines each caused concentration-dependent spasm. The rank order of potency was theobromine greater than or equal to theophylline greater than or equal to caffeine greater than or equal to enprofylline greater than xanthine greater than TMX. Forskolin was devoid of spasmogenic activity. 6. Trachealis treated with indomethacin (2.8 microM) and maintained at 12 degrees C, was repeatedly dosed with either caffeine (10 mM) or potassium chloride (KCl, 40 mM). Caffeine-induced spasm was attenuated in a Ca2+ free medium containing EGTA (2 mM), modestly at first but subsequently more profoundly. KCl did not evoke spasm at 12 degrees C but at 37 degrees C the KCl induced spasm was virtually abolished at its first trail in the Ca2+-free, EGTA containing medium. 7. It is concluded that caffeine, other alkylated xanthines and xanthine itself share a spasmogenic action in guinea-pig isolated trachealis which is best observed when the tissue is treated with indomethacin (2.8 microM) and maintained at 12 degrees C. The spasmogenic action represents the release of Ca2+ from intracellular sites of sequestration and may not depend on the intracellular accumulation of cyclic AMP. The rank order of spasmogenic potency of the xanthine derivatives differs markedly from their rank order of potency in suppressing the spontaneous tone of the trachealis observed at 370C. Since, at 12 degrees C, TMX is spasmogenic at concentrations identical to those causing relaxation at 37 degrees C, it is likely that TMX penetrates the cell. The relaxant effects of TMX do not, therefore, indicate that methylxanthine-induced relaxation is mediated by a receptor located on the external surface of the cell. PMID- 3145088 TI - Effects of REV 5901, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor and leukotriene antagonist, on pulmonary responses to platelet activating factor in the guinea-pig. AB - 1. The effects of REV 5901 on the platelet activating factor (Paf)-induced (a) bronchoconstriction, (b) contraction of lung parenchymal strips and (c) increased airways responsiveness to histamine, were assessed in the guinea-pig. REV 5901 is a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor and competitive peptidoleukotriene antagonist which does not inhibit multiple forms of phosphodiesterase. 2. In urethane/pentobarbitone anaesthetized animals, REV 5901 (10 or 30 mg kg-1, i.v.) substantially inhibited the bronchoconstriction, measured as changes in airways resistance (RL) and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn), induced by leukotriene D4 (2.5 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) but did not attenuate that induced by Paf (50 ng kg 1, i.v.). 3. Paf contracted the lung parenchymal strip in a concentration dependent manner. REV 5901 (25 microM) neither altered the magnitude of the contractions nor the tissue sensitivity to Paf. The sustained contraction induced by Paf was not affected when REV 5901 was added after the response had reached a plateau. 4. Contractions of parenchymal strips to Paf (50 nM) were prevented by pretreatment with the competitive Paf antagonists, SRI 63441 and WEB 2086. Also WEB 2086, but not SRI 63441, reversed established Paf-induced contractions and relaxed parenchymal strips from intrinsic tone in the absence of Paf. 5. Paf (20 ng kg-1, i.v.) caused an acute increase in airways responsiveness to histamine (4 12 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) which was attenuated by REV 5901 at 10 mg kg-1, i.v. and abolished by 30 mg kg-1, i.v. 6. These data suggest that leukotrienes do not participate in Paf-induced bronchoconstriction or contraction of the lung parenchymal strip, but may play a role in the increased responsiveness of the airways to histamine observed after Paf challenge in the guinea-pig. PMID- 3145089 TI - Altered function of pulmonary endothelium following monocrotaline-induced lung vascular injury in rats. AB - 1. Based on the findings in the preceding paper we investigated the ability of pulmonary endothelial cells to metabolize prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and angiotensin I (AI), and to produce endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) following lung vascular injury induced by monocrotaline in rats. The isometric tension of pulmonary artery rings isolated from rats 3-5 weeks after an injection of monocrotaline or saline was measured. For comparison the responses to drugs of the artery denuded of endothelium by rubbing were tested. 2. Acetylcholine induced relaxation of the rings precontracted by noradrenaline was diminished in the artery from monocrotaline-treated rats, depending on the duration after treatment. The diminution was comparable to that in the control artery denuded of endothelium. 3. The contractile response to PGF2 alpha was significantly augmented in the artery injured by monocrotaline. The similar augmentation was observed after the mechanical removal of endothelium in the control artery. Decrease of EDRF was not involved in the enhancement of contractile response to PGF2 alpha in the monocrotaline-injured artery. 4. AI caused a contraction, which was sensitive to captopril, in control rings, and also in monocrotaline-injured rings to a similar degree. Removal of endothelium from the control artery did not modify the response to AI or to AII. 5. These results suggest that the monocrotaline treatment of rats suppresses the ability of pulmonary endothelium to produce EDRF and to degrade prostaglandins. The relative resistance of the AI response to endothelial injury suggests that the existence of converting enzyme is not restricted to the endothelium. PMID- 3145090 TI - Changes in relative biological effectiveness with depth of the Clatterbridge neutron therapy beam. AB - We have measured the biological equivalence of the Clatterbridge neutron therapy beam [p(62)-Be] and the Hammersmith neutron therapy beam [d(16)-Be] using the mouse intestinal crypt assay. The ratio (NDR) of Clatterbridge neutron (n + gamma) dose relative to Hammersmith neutron dose (n + gamma) was found to be 1.2 1.13 over a dose/fraction range of 1.8-9 Gy at 2 cm deep in a Perspex phantom. It is shown that the effectiveness of the Clatterbridge beam was reduced with penetration into the phantom because of hardening of the beam to a maximum reduction of 11% at 12 cm deep in the phantom. The hardening of the beam with depth of penetration will need to be taken into account by clinicians in assessing the tumour dose and tissue tolerance. Relative biological effectiveness values for the Clatterbridge and Hammersmith neutron beams were also measured. All neutron doses for both Hammersmith and Clatterbridge beams are total doses (n + gamma) which comply with the European protocol for neutron dosimetry and include the gamma-ray component of dose. PMID- 3145091 TI - Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis. A clinical and population study in south east Wales. AB - A population-based study in south-east Wales (population 668,100) identified 135 patients with von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (prevalence 20/10(5]. In addition to multiple cafe-au-lait spots and/or dermal neurofibromas, freckling was present in the axilla (67%), groin (44%) or submammary areas (29% of adult females). Although not a criterion for diagnosis, Lisch nodules were almost invariably present in the iris (93% of patients overall; 96% of those aged greater than or equal to 20 yrs). The complications of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis in this cohort (n = 135 unless stated) were plexiform neurofibromas (40/125), severe mental retardation (1), epilepsy (6), optic glioma (2), spinal neurofibroma (2), aqueduct stenosis (2), meningioangiomatosis (1), scoliosis requiring surgery (6), pseudoarthrosis (3), delayed puberty (2), visceral and endocrine tumours (6), and congenital glaucoma (1). There were no cases of acoustic neuroma. Considering all living family members aged greater than or equal to 18 yrs, together with their deceased relatives, the frequency of CNS and malignant tumours related to the disease was 4.4-5.2%. Uncomplicated von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis is disfiguring but not a major cause of morbidity. The management of the disease relates to its complications which can be divided into three categories: those which occur in childhood and cause lifelong morbidity (moderate-severe mental handicap, facial plexiform neurofibromas, orthopaedic), those which can occur at any time but are 'treatable' (benign disorders of the nervous system, visceral and endocrine tumours, renal artery stenosis), and malignant or CNS tumours. The combined frequency for each category based on this survey was 12%, 16% and 4.4-5.2%, respectively. PMID- 3145092 TI - Formation of cysteinyl-leukotrienes by human brain tissue. AB - Using sensitive radioimmunoassay techniques, the formation of cysteinyl leukotrienes (LT) and prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha was investigated in human brain tissue slices in vitro. Under basal conditions spontaneous release of considerable amounts of LTC4-like material and PGF2 alpha could be detected from slices of both human grey and white matter. Ionophore A23187 stimulated the release of large amounts of LTC4-like material while leaving unaffected the formation of the cyclo-oxygenase product PGF2 alpha. Incubation of grey or white matter in the presence of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin inhibited the release of PGF2 alpha but did not affect that of LTC4-like material. Preincubation of brain tissue in the presence of the lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) abolished the ionophore A23187-induced release of LTC4-like material from both grey and white matter and also significantly reduced the spontaneous release of LTC4-like material from white matter slices. Formation of PGF2 alpha was not affected by NDGA. Using the isolated guinea pig ileum the LTC4-like material was shown to possess biological activity which could be antagonized with the slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) antagonist FPL 55712. By reversed phase HPLC the immunoreactive LTC4-like material from human grey matter was shown to coelute with authentic LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4, while material from human white matter coeluted with authentic LTD4 and LTE4. The capacity of human brain tissue to synthesize cysteinyl-LT may be important for cellular functions in the central nervous system. PMID- 3145093 TI - Evidence for multiple mechanisms responsible for 2,5-hexanedione-induced neuropathy. AB - The present studies were carried out to investigate the comparative roles of protein cross-linking and alteration in protein phosphorylation in the accumulation of neurofilaments due to aliphatic hexacarbons. In these studies, rats were given 2,5-hexanedione (0, 0.1, 0.25 and 1.0%) for 70 days in their drinking water. In a separate study of in vitro protein phosphorylation rats were given 1% 2,5-hexanedione for 14 days in their drinking water. Spinal cord neurofilaments were isolated and analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting using anti-neurofilament antibodies, radioimmunoassays (RIAs) of phosphorylated epitopes on neurofilament proteins and protein phosphorylation. Protein cross-linking of neurofilaments was found in all animals treated with 2,5-hexanedione including the lowest dose (0.1%) which did not produce clinical signs of intoxication. Protein phosphorylation of neurofilament proteins, as well as MAP-2 was significantly decreased upon treatment. Protein staining revealed a decreased amount of neurofilament protein and immunoblotting demonstrated neurofilament protein cross linking in these animals. Protein staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was unaltered by this treatment. RIAs of phosphorylated and non phosphorylated epitopes of neurofilament proteins indicated that in vivo phosphorylation of these proteins was also decreased. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis indicated a shift of the neurofilament proteins to a basic pI, indicating a dephosphorylation of neurofilament proteins. Cross-linked neurofilament proteins also exhibited a pI which was more basic than any of the individual neurofilament proteins. This report demonstrates differential effects of 2,5-hexanedione on neurofilament proteins and indicates that several mechanisms may be responsible for their accumulation. PMID- 3145094 TI - The structure of the largest murine neurofilament protein (NF-H) as revealed by cDNA and genomic sequences. AB - The complete primary structure of the largest mammalian neurofilament component, NF-H, is predicted from mouse cDNA and genomic clones, revealing a protein of molecular weight ca. 115,000. A central filament-forming domain structurally typical of all intermediate filament proteins is present, but anomalies are noted which may place constraints on the mechanism of NF-H assembly into filaments. The COOH-terminal portion of the protein is extremely long (661 amino acids) by comparison to non-neuronal intermediate filament components and has a remarkably monotonous, highly charged composition (Glu and Lys at 20% each). Its most remarkable feature is a tandem repeat of a 6 amino acid sequence containing the motif Lys-Ser-Pro that extends for more than half the length of the COOH terminus. The Lys-Ser-Pro motif appears 48 times and since it is now known that the serine therein is a target for in vivo kinases, the massive axonal phosphorylation of NF-H is explained. Comparison of mouse and human NF-H reveals that otherwise conserved proteins have been subjected to evolutionary mutation within their multiphosphorylation repeat domains, although the Lys-Ser-Pro motif has been conserved. PMID- 3145095 TI - High-frequency discharge of dentate granule cells, but not long-term potentiation, induces c-fos protein. AB - Competence genes, such as c-fos, may play key roles in information storage in the nervous system by linking relatively brief extracellular signals to long-term changes in the neuron. In support of this idea we, and others, have shown that the c-fos protein occurs in adult mammalian neurons and that higher levels of the protein are induced in certain brain regions after kindled or metrazol-induced seizures in mice and rats, sensory stimulation and mechanical damage in spinal cord neurons, and after depolarization in PC12 cells. Here we report that a massive induction of c-fos protein is observed in dentate granule cells in four conditions that result in repetitive firing: localized seizure discharges; high frequency antidromic activation; orthodromic activation in the presence of iontophoresed bicuculline; and frequency potentiation. However, stimulation of the perforant path with high frequency trains that produced long-term potentiation at the perforant path-granule cell synapse did not reliably induce c fos in the dentate gyrus. These findings suggest that c-fos induction can follow repetitive neuronal discharge but is not involved in long-term potentiation. PMID- 3145096 TI - Myoclonus inducing and seizure modifying effect of cysteamine on cortical and amygdaloid kindled rats. AB - The effect of the somatostatin depleting substance, cysteamine (100 mg/kg, i.p.), on cortical and amygdaloid kindled seizures was investigated. Cysteamine was tested after the establishment of amygdaloid kindling (AM group) and at two different developmental stages of cortical kindling, namely 'focal-cortical' (FC group) and 'cortico-generalized' seizures (CG group). In control, non-kindled, sham operated animals, cysteamine did not induce any spike activity or myoclonus. However, in all kindled groups clustered spike bursting appeared in the cortex within 5-15 min of the injection. The kindled bursting appeared in the cortex within 5-15 min of the injection. The kindled rats exhibited myoclonic jerks at 10 to 30 min after cysteamine injection, which coincided with the cortical spikes, and continued for about 40 min. In contrast, relatively small amounts of spiking were observed in the amygdala and this did not correlate with the myoclonus. At 4 h after cysteamine injection, the motor seizure and afterdischarge durations of the kindled seizure were prolonged in all kindled groups compared with preinjection levels. However, 24 h later the motor seizure duration and the afterdischarge duration were markedly reduced from the preinjection level in the AM and the CG groups and the tonic seizure component was suppressed in the FC group. This inhibitory effect on seizure activity lasted several days and gradually disappeared. These modifying effects of cysteamine were more marked in cortical kindled, than in amygdaloid kindled animals. The results suggest that the cortex is more sensitive to the effect of cysteamine on kindled seizures involves two phases. The first of these effect of cysteamine on kindled seizures involves two phases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145097 TI - Basic characteristics of noradrenaline release in the hippocampus of intact and 6 hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats as studied by in vivo microdialysis. AB - Extracellular levels of noradrenaline (NA) were measured in the hippocampus of awake and halothane-anaesthetized rats, using intracerebral dialysis coupled to a highly sensitive radioenzymatic assay. In awake animals, steady state NA output after 1 h of perfusion was 69 +/- 21 fmol/30 microliter (15 min). Non-noxious sensory stimulation increased the steady state NA output by 35%, while halothane anaesthesia reduced the levels by 63-72%. During halothane anaesthesia KCl (100 mM) or desipramine (5 microM) added to the perfusion medium increased the NA levels 27-fold and 8-fold, respectively. Tetrodotoxin added in the presence of desipramine reduced the extracellular NA levels by 85%. In 6-OHDA lesioned animals the NA levels were below the limit of detection in virtually all samples (i.e. less than 3 fmol/30 microliter) at 10-16 days after lesion, but there was a partial recovery at longer postoperative time points. These results support the conclusion that the extracellular NA levels recovered in the dialysis perfusates are neuronally derived and can be used as an index of noradrenergic synaptic activity in the brain. PMID- 3145098 TI - Brain neocortex immunomodulation in rats. AB - The influence of the cerebral neocortex on the immune system was studied in groups of male Wistar rats after lesioning the right or the left fronto-parietal cortex. In left-lesioned rats, mitogenesis of T-lymphocytes induced either by phytohemagglutinin or Urtica Dioca Agglutinin was depressed by about 25-40% as compared to controls. In contrast, T-cell mitogenesis in animals with right lesions, was enhanced by about 20-45% as compared to controls and by about 90% as compared to that observed in left-lesioned animals. Cortical lesions of either side were shown not to modify antibody synthesis and plasma levels of ACTH, or prolactin. These results, quite similar to those that we have previously observed in female mice, suggest that lateralization in brain cortex immunomodulatory functions may exist in both sexes and in several species of mammals. PMID- 3145099 TI - Involvement of endogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone in central regulation of the cardiovascular system after bleeding in conscious rats. AB - The 4th ventricle of a conscious rat was perfused using a push-pull cannula. The concentration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the perfusate was significantly increased after withdrawal of 30% of the total blood. Administration of antiserum of TRH into the ventricle potentiated and prolonged the hypotension induced by the bleeding. These results suggest that endogenous brain TRH is involved in the central regulation of the cardiovascular system after bleeding in conscious rats. PMID- 3145100 TI - Hypothalamic norepinephrine mediates limbic effects on adrenocortical secretion. AB - The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of norepinephrine (NE) in the mediation of adrenocortical responses following limbic stimuli. The effects of stimulation of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus and the midbrain reticular formation on the plasma corticosterone (CS) levels was studied in rats with vehicle or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injected bilaterally into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). The injection of 6-OHDA caused a very significant reduction in the concentration of PVN NE and blocked the rise in plasma CS following the stimulation of the above three limbic structures. The basal CS level and the response to ether stress were not affected. The present study supports previous observations on the stimulatory role of NE on CS secretion and that the modulatory effects of extrahypothalamic limbic structures on the adrenocortical activity depend on the presence of NE in the PVN. PMID- 3145101 TI - [The effect of ethanol and its combination with other substances on higher nervous activity in man and the central nervous system in rats]. PMID- 3145102 TI - Nutrition in the intensive care patient. AB - The experiences of the past decades have shown that critically ill patients regularly suffer marked tissue depletion. Recently, it has come to light that malnutrition may cause this depletion. The need, thus, arises for a comprehensive study of nutrition in the intensive care unit, a study relating present knowledge concerning the metabolic and catabolic states of the critically ill to possible applications in parenteral nutritional support. PMID- 3145103 TI - Nutritional support. PMID- 3145104 TI - Practical aspects and complications of total parenteral nutrition. AB - The objective of this article has been to review the practical aspects of parenteral feeding in the critical care setting. The general principles outlined in this chapter have evolved as a result of a 10-year experience with a busy nutrition support service in a tertiary teaching institution. We are hopeful that these practical guidelines, in part empirical and based on the major research advances in the field, will be of assistance to those involved in the nutritional care of critically ill patients. PMID- 3145105 TI - Enteral nutrition in the critically ill. AB - Although total parenteral nutrition has greatly influenced the clinical management of the critically ill, enteral nutrition can provide much needed support in the intensive care unit. In order to employ the best enteral nutrition, one must understand its rationale, delivery principles, equipment, feeding techniques, and diets, as well as patient selection and monitoring. PMID- 3145106 TI - Nutrition in acute renal failure. AB - Nutrition is an integral part of supportive therapy of acute renal failure. Since ARF usually develops as a consequence of severe illness or injury, the metabolic changes due to failing kidney function are superimposed, often indistinguishably, on the metabolic effects of the primary disease. The majority of patients are hypercatabolic and may therefore become rapidly nutritionally depleted. The general principles of treatment are early dialysis, strict monitoring of vital functions, vigorous treatment of observed disorders, and metabolic monitoring and therapy. Use of enteral nutrition is rarely feasible and hence nutrition is given as TPN. The volume of fluid is not limiting for the application of TPN if adequate dialysis or continuous filtration methods are available. The TPN program of an average adult should contain daily approximately 35 to 40 kcal/kg of energy, given as both fat and glucose, and 1 g/kg of amino acids, given as both essential and nonessential amino acids, though the true requirements in ARF are unknown. The actual intakes of nutrients may have to be frequently adjusted according to the response of the patient. PMID- 3145107 TI - Nutrition and cardiac disease. AB - The relationship between undernutrition and cardiac dysfunction in the critically ill patient is cyclical and reinforcing. Increased awareness of the high coincidence of these two problems in the ICU should improve both diagnosis and treatment. Acutely, nutritional goals often must be limited to optimizing metabolic machinery. Repletion of protein and calorie deficiencies, which requires additional fluid loads, should be approached with caution. The potential hazards associated with alimentation necessitate careful monitoring during repletion, and although restoration of an anabolic state may improve myocardial function, this is unproved. In spite of this, the advantages conferred by a generally improved nutritional state are great, particularly for patients in the perioperative period. Therefore, alimentation with the intention of restoring lean body mass seems a worthwhile goal. PMID- 3145108 TI - Nutritional care of the critically ill patient with respiratory failure. AB - Nutritional support is an integral part of the therapy for lung dysfunction because malnutrition can predispose an already critically ill patient to pneumonia and respiratory failure. Physicians must, however, be sensitive to the changes in cardiac and respiratory function that certain nutrients can cause. PMID- 3145109 TI - The critically ill surgical patient: nutritional considerations. AB - The nutritional care of the patient in the surgical intensive care unit is one of the most challenging in the field of nutritional support. Each patient must be assessed individually and specific goals of nutritional support established. Specialized nutritional solutions may be needed for the patient with significant renal, hepatic, or pulmonary disease, as well as patients in a chronic septic state. Knowledge of the infectious and metabolic complications that frequently occur in this population is essential in order to keep nutritionally related morbidity at a minimum. Finally, the realization that, in the surgical intensive care unit, nutritional therapy is often a supportive measure used in an attempt to gain time to eradicate the primary process will enable the clinician to establish the proper approach to the nutritional care of these patients. PMID- 3145110 TI - The patient with critical neurological disease. AB - The known metabolic abnormalities and nutritional requirements of the brain injury, spinal cord injury, and acute stroke patient have been presented. Further investigations are required in all these conditions to identify specific nutritional requirements and metabolic abnormalities. The specific role of nutritional support on outcome, immune function, and body structure requires further study. PMID- 3145111 TI - Fat metabolism in injury and stress. AB - Fat metabolism is a complex mechanism involving energy production as well as various physiological and biochemical effects involved in a large spectrum of both normal and pathological phenomena. Many different paths are currently being investigated by different medical and basic science disciplines. These include lipoproteins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and more. This chapter is limited to the energy related facets of fat metabolism, though in the future interrelations may be found between the different fields of fat research and serve not only for better understanding of the human organism, but also better treatment in hypermetabolic states. Much has been learned about fat metabolism both in normal and stressed man. The finding that, in most hypermetabolic states, fat is being oxidized and used as the main caloric source is definitely a cornerstone in improving nutritional therapy in such cases. The development of safe fat solutions, together with the studies showing that exogenous fat is efficiently utilized, has led to increased use of fat in TPN regimens as well as in enteral nutrition. The possibility of tilting the energy source in nutritional therapy from a 50:50 ratio of carbohydrates:fat to a fat-dominant regimen in the steady flow state (thus approaching the actual metabolic preference in stress) requires further studies and may prove to be beneficial. On the other hand, an increasing number of observations show that in late severe stress states--the so-called multi-organ failure syndrome--significant alterations in fat metabolism occur both in liver and in muscle. Recognizing the situations in which fat oxidation is decreased, leading to liver failure with fat accumulation, necessitates a different mode of treatment. Providing glucose or amino acids, and possibly more BCAA, is one method of treatment to be pursued. On the other hand, the prospect of new fat solutions containing medium chain triglycerides, may lead to improved nutritional support and decreased complications in these extreme situations. Other treatment modalities, like carnitine, need further research as well. Furthermore, if and when the relationship between fatty acids used in nutritional support and the various mediators involved in trauma and sepsis can be elucidated, better treatment of critically ill patients may be possible and offered in a more comprehensive way. PMID- 3145112 TI - Nutritional support in the critically ill patient: if, when, how, and what. AB - Nutritional support in the critically ill patient should be instituted as soon as it is clear that the patient will not eat within a week, whether the patient is at that particular time malnourished or not. The preceding discussion demonstrates that it is more a question of clinical judgment than of sophisticated nutritional assessment techniques, as most of these prove unreliable in the critically ill. However, muscle function testing seems to be promising in that regard, but more studies are required in the injured and septic patient. Enteral feeding is the favored route, although parenteral nutrition should be used without hesitation whenever the gastrointestinal tract is not functional. We recommend the use of 1.0 to 1.5 g/kg IBW/day of a balanced amino acid preparation. The use of BCAA-enriched solutions should await confirmation of the efficacy of these solutions in randomized prospective trials. Finally, it is our belief that critically ill patients should not receive more than 1.3 times their Harris-Benedict energy expenditure, and that this energy should be provided in the form of a glucose-fat mixture (50-50 system). PMID- 3145113 TI - G-proteins and egg activation. AB - G-proteins are present in eggs, and experiments in which GTP-gamma-S, GDP-beta-S, cholera toxin and pertussis toxin have been injected into eggs have indicated the involvement of G-proteins in egg activation at fertilization and in oocyte maturation. Eggs into which serotonin or muscarinic acetylcholine receptors have been introduced by mRNA injection produce fertilization-like responses when exposed to serotonin or acetylcholine; since these neurotransmitter receptors act by way of G-proteins, this observation further supports the conclusion that a G protein is involved in the fertilization process. PMID- 3145114 TI - Protein-energy malnutrition in ruminants. AB - Protein-energy malnutrition occurs when feed is provided to ruminant livestock in insufficient quantity, quality, or both. The clinical syndrome that results from protein-energy malnutrition is not difficult to recognize, but it may be difficult to convince owners of the diagnosis. Development of clinical signs, such as recumbency and hypothermia, may occur rapidly owing to the sudden failure of homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the supply of cellular fuels. The ruminant is unique in its response to malnutrition because ruminal microorganisms become malnourished just as their host does. Ruminal maldigestion hastens the onset of clinical signs and makes recovery very difficult and prolonged. Clinical signs of PEM are similar in adult beef cattle, dairy cattle, sheep, and goats; however, the typical history of affected animals varies for each of these species. Neonatal ruminants may also be severely affected with PEM if they do not receive sufficient colostrum and milk. Definitive diagnosis of primary PEM requires necropsy of an affected animal. Diagnosis of PEM in an individual animal usually indicates a herd or flock problem that requires immediate attention. If the affected individual is already recumbent, then treatment will likely be difficult and unsuccessful. Changes in management of the herd or flock that involve ensuring adequate feed intake, minimizing cold and social stress, and meeting the animal's specific nutritional requirements will prevent PEM and maximize production. PMID- 3145115 TI - Effect of declining renal function on bone density in aging women. AB - The factors that are responsible for trabecular bone loss in aging women are not completely understood. To evaluate declining renal function as a possible factor, we studied 19 Caucasian women (average age 67) who were from 6 to 41 years postmenopausal. Trabecular bone density was quantitated by computerized tomography of the spine. Serum calcium, phosphorus, and creatinine were normal in all subjects. Creatinine clearance averaged 74 ml/min (range 38-122), decreased with age (r = -0.60, P = 0.003), and was inversely related to serum creatinine (r = -0.51, P = 0.01). Bivariate regression demonstrated that bone density decreased with age (r = -0.59, P = 0.004); controlling for the effect of creatinine clearance weakened this correlation to r = -0.45 (P = 0.03); controlling additionally for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) reduced the correlation coefficient to r = -0.34 (P = 0.11). Bone density also decreased in direct proportion to the decrement in creatinine clearance (r = 0.44, P = 0.03); controlling for the effects of 1,25(OH)2D and PTH reduced this correlation coefficient to r = 0.34 (P = 0.11). These results suggest that occult renal insufficiency may contribute to bone loss in aging women, and that this effect may be mediated in part by 1,25(OH)2D and PTH. In this age group renal function should be assessed by measuring creatinine clearance rather than the serum creatinine concentration since renal insufficiency can be masked by apparently normal circulating creatinine levels. PMID- 3145116 TI - Microcarriers facilitate mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. AB - MC3T3-E1 cells showed mineral deposits after about 1 week of culture when incubated in the presence of microcarrier beads. These deposits appeared as white spots on the dish surface, and under light microscopy the cells showed multiple cell layers and mineralization around the microcarriers. The deposits stained positive with calcium-specific Von Kossa's method. Using conventional assay, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and parathyroid hormone-stimulated intracellular cAMP production were lower in the microcarrier cultures than in the control, but using cytochemical methods, high alkaline phosphatase activity was found around the microcarriers. These results indicate that microcarriers facilitated the formation of multiple cell layers and provided a culture environment for mineralization. PMID- 3145117 TI - Effect of vitamin D status on the activity of carbonic anhydrase in chicken epiphysis and kidney. AB - Chickens were raised for 6 weeks from the date of hatch under red light on a vitamin D-free diet; controls were given an oral vitamin D supplement. Vitamin D deficient animals showed decreased total serum calcium concentration and decreased DNA content in epiphysis and kidney homogenates. In calcifying epiphysis, total carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity was decreased, but activity per microgram DNA was slightly increased and specific activity was double that of the controls. Polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing after preparation of the enzyme showed a picture similar to that seen after parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration in chicks; therefore, this could be considered a secondary hyperparathyroidism. The CA activation was not seen in the kidney which can be explained by induction of an endogenous inhibitor protein of the cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase exclusively in the kidney in vitamin D deficiency. In an additional experiment, chickens were raised for 3 weeks from the date of hatch under red light on a vitamin D-free diet. Daily oral substitution by different vitamin D metabolites (1,25(OH)2D3, 25OHD3, 24,25(OH)2D3) over 7 days led to CA activation compared with controls probably by restoring protein kinase activity in the kidney. Our results show that CA activity is inversely correlated with serum calcium concentrations which is in agreement with a regulatory mechanism recently proposed by us. PMID- 3145118 TI - Influence of preparation conditions on the composition of type B carbonated hydroxyapatite and on the localization of the carbonate ions. AB - It is shown how certain aspects of the composition and structure of carbonated apatites depend strictly on preparation conditions, for example, excess of phosphate or calcium ions in the reaction medium, CO32- concentration, pH, ammonia added or not. Depending on those conditions, either one or the other of the two proposed mechanisms of introduction of carbonate ions into the B sites is dominant. The mechanisms are (1) replacement of a phosphate ion by a carbonate ion with the formation of three vacancies, one in a phosphate oxygen site and one each in the neighboring Ca2+ and OH- sites; and (2) replacement of a phosphate ion by a carbonate accompanied by a hydroxyl ion. Whether mechanism (1) is observed to dominate over mechanism (2), or vice versa, is accounted for by the relative concentrations of the various ions in the reaction medium. The number of vacancies is decreased by the presence of either, or both, excess calcium ions or ammonia in the reaction medium. A structural-chemical mechanism is advanced for the view that, with the smallest CO32- content, the A sites are favored but with increasing carbonate content the B sites become favored and the A-site content becomes less than it is when the total carbonate content is less. PMID- 3145119 TI - Preparation of monoclonal antibodies to chicken bone phosphoproteins. AB - Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were raised against 150k, 60k, 32k, and 15k phosphoprotein components of 14-week chicken bone. Hybridomas were prepared by immunizing Balb/c mice with 150k, 60k, or 32k phosphoproteins followed by fusion of their spleen cells with X63-Ag8.653 myeloma cells. Polyclonal antibodies to the 60k, 32k, and 15k phosphoprotein components were produced in immunized rabbits. Immunological cross-reactivity between antigen and antibody was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and dot-blotting. There was cross reactivity between the 150k, 32k, and 15k phosphoprotein components and between the 150k, 90k, and 60k components. The antibodies raised against 60k component do not bind 32k and 15k antigens. PMID- 3145120 TI - Correlation among plasma osteocalcin, growth hormone, and somatomedin C in acromegaly. AB - Plasma osteocalcin (BGP), growth hormone (GH), and somatomedin C(SmC) were measured in 12 patients with acromegaly [7 clinically active (aA), 5 cured (cA)] and 9 control subjects (C). Basal plasma values for the three parameters were higher in aA than in C and in cA. No significant difference was found between cA and C. A significant linear correlation between BGP and GH and between BGP and SmC was obtained. These results suggest an effect of GH on BGP synthesis, possibly mediated by SmC, although a direct effect of GH on bone cannot be excluded. PMID- 3145121 TI - Influence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on cell proliferation during odontogenesis of the mouse embryonic molars in vitro. AB - Mandibular first molars from 17-day-old mouse embryos were cultured for 2 and 4 days in alpha-MEM supplemented with 10% newborn bovine serum containing 0.02% ethanol or 0.1, 1.0 or 10 ng/ml 1,25-(OH)2D3. After embedding, every 6th section was stained and mitotic features of inner dental epithelium (IDE) and dental papilla cells (DP) were counted under a light microscope. On the 2nd day, no significant differences were observed in the IDE and DP mitotic indexes among the control, ethanol, and the three vitamin D groups. On the 4th day, the indexes for all groups decreased. But the IDE indexes for all vitamin D groups were significantly different from those for the control (P less than 0.01) and ethanol (P less than 0.05) groups, whereas the DP index was significant (P less than 0.05) only in the 10 ng/ml vitamin D group. The present results suggest that vitamin D3 may have an influence on cell proliferation of IDE and DP in mouse embryonic molars in vitro. PMID- 3145122 TI - Human bone sialoprotein I and II enhance fibroblast attachment in vitro. PMID- 3145123 TI - Bone mineral content of mandibles: normal reference values--rate of age-related bone loss. AB - The purpose was to obtain the normal sex- and age-related reference values for the bone mineral content (BMC) in the bones of the mandible and the forearms, as estimated by dual-photon absorptiometry; to examine the effect of tooth loss on the mandibular BMC, i.e., BMC in the basal part of the mandible; and to analyze the rate of the sex- and age-related BMC loss in the mandible in normal old edentulous individuals greater than or equal to 70 years of age and its relationship to the corresponding BMC loss in the forearm bones. The following groups were measured: young dentate adults (n = 100; women (W): men (M) = 1:1), young, long-term edentulous W (n =15), and old edentulous individuals (n = 24 W, 10 M). In the old group the BMC measurements were repeated after 2- or 3-year period (n = 18 W, 10 M). The analyses indicate that the mandibular BMC reference values differ by sex and age; but correction for the state of dentition seems of minimal benefit. The average BMC loss (%) in the bones of the mandible and the forearms seems to be higher in old W (1.5 and 1.4% per year) than in old M (0.9 and 0.7% per year), but of the same magnitude in each sex. The relationship between the BMC loss (%) in the two sites was significant (P less than 0.01) but rather weak. Thus, it seems important to follow the sex- and age-related BMC loss in the mandible separately. PMID- 3145124 TI - Low circulating vitamin D in obesity. AB - Previous studies demonstrated decreases in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in obese subjects. Studies were carried out to determine whiter serum vitamin D is low in obesity. The results indicate that serum vitamin D is significantly lower in obese than in nonobese individuals and may contribute to lower serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D in obesity. PMID- 3145125 TI - Crystal-collagen relationships in calcified turkey leg tendons visualized by selected-area dark field electron microscopy. AB - The distribution and orientation of biological apatite crystals in calcified turkey leg tendons were studied by selected-area dark field electron microscopy. This imaging technique enables the direct visualization of apatite and the specific determination of the crystallographic axes (a, b-axes or c-axis) within calcified collagen fibrils. This study shows that at early stages of mineralization, rod-shaped apatite crystals (5-20 nm in length) were localized and dispersed within gap zones bordering both the collagen molecule C- and N terminal regions. At later stages of mineral deposition the crystals were more extensive, occupying greater areas of the gap zone and, in addition, apatite crystals were found to occur in the overlap zones. The orientation of apatite crystals was observed to be an alternating and interlocking distribution of a, b axes and c-axis along the axial period of collagen fibrils. This distribution is interpreted as representing a continuous rotation of apatite axial orientation along the collagen period. PMID- 3145126 TI - 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits hormone secretion and proliferation but not functional dedifferentiation of cultured bovine parathyroid cells. AB - Increasing the extracellular Ca2+ concentration from 0.5 to 3.0 mM induced marked increments in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+i) and inhibition of parathyroid hormone (PTH) release of freshly isolated bovine parathyroid cells. 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,24(OH)2D3; 0.1-100 ng/ml) did not affect (Ca2+i) and was also without acute effect on the secretion. During 4 days of monolayer culture, the parathyroid cells underwent significant increases in both number and size, and presence of 10-100 ng/ml 1,25(OH)2D3 almost completely inhibited the cell proliferation, whereas the hypertrophy was unaffected. One day of culture with 0.1-100 ng/ml 1,25(OH)2D3 was without effect on PTH release but after 4 days there was a dose-related reduction of secretion. At this time point and irrespective of the culture condition, PTH release was no longer suppressed by high extracellular Ca2+. Furthermore, Ca2+i increased little upon increments in the extracellular Ca2+ concentration as compared with freshly isolated cells. It is concluded that after prolonged exposure to 1,25(OH)2D3, PTH release is inhibited and, at high concentrations, the parathyroid cells cease to proliferate. However, 1,25(OH)2D3 does not affect the development of functional dedifferentiation of parathyroid cells during monolayer culture. PMID- 3145127 TI - Crystals in calcified epiphyseal cartilage and cortical bone of the rat. AB - The size of hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals in calcified cartilage and cortical bone of the rat has been studied and compared with that of synthetic poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (PCHA). Crystal size was determined by X-ray diffraction and selected-area dark field imaging, and their elemental compositions were determined by emission spectroscopy. The crystal size of cartilage, bone, and PCHA were found to be between 120 and 170 A in length by 50 A in width as determined by both X-ray diffraction and dark field imaging. Cartilage had a lower ash weight than bone but both have the same Ca/P ratio of 1.6. These findings, though in agreement with the X-ray diffraction literature, differ from observations made by conventional bright field electron microscopy. We conclude that mineral sites in cartilage and bone, which exist as platelike structures, are in fact aggregates of small 120-170 X 50 A HAP crystals. The consequences of these findings was discussed in view of crystal relationships with collagen and other macromolecules. PMID- 3145128 TI - Modulation of calcium phosphate formation by phosphatidate-containing anionic liposomes. AB - Liposome prepared from 7:2:1 molar mixtures of phosphatidylcholine, dicetyl phosphate, and cholesterol to which 1-20 mole % dioleoylphosphatidic acid (DOPA) was added were used to examine the effect of membrane-bound monoester phosphatidate anions on calcium phosphate formation in aqueous solutions at 22 degrees C, pH 7.4 and 240 mOsm. Results showed that up to 20 mole % DOPA in the liposomal envelope did not initiate mineralization in solutions made metastable with 2.25 mM CaCl2 and 1.50 mM KH2PO4. Results alos revealed that precipitation induced in metastable solutions by the seeding action of intraliposomally formed mineral was measurably reduced with as little as 1 mole % DOPA and completely suppressed with 5 mole % DOPA. In contrast, 10 mole % concentrations of diester phosphate lipids either had no effect on extraliposomal precipitation (e.g., phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol) or, as reported previously for phosphatidylserine) only partially reduced the amount of precipitate formed. Transmission electron microscopical analysis suggests that DOPA-containing lipid bilayers adhering to the seed crystals inhibited extraliposomal mineralization by encapsulating the crystals within the liposomes and/or by blocking potential growth sites on the crystal faces. The polar head group of DOPA, being more negatively charged and sterically less encumbered than diester phosphate ligands, most probably was responsible for this adherence of the lipid bilayers to the crystal surfaces. PMID- 3145130 TI - A histochemical method for the demonstration of calcifying cartilage. AB - The demonstration of histochemical characteristics in calcifying cartilage is fraught with methodological difficulties including the distinction of mineralized from unmineralized cartilage and the demonstration of cell detail in relatively hard tissue. This study uses the decalcified bone matrix-induced enchondral (endochondral) ossification system to demonstrate a technique of methylmethacrylate embedding, thin sections, and a combination of histochemical stains that distinguishes mineralized from unmineralized cartilage while preserving excellent cell detail. These techniques are applicable to other areas of enchondral ossification and are exemplified by the staining of growth plates. PMID- 3145129 TI - Increase of bone volume in vitamin D-repleted rats by massive administration of 24R,25(OH)2D3. AB - A large dose of 24R,25(OH)2D3 was administered to the vitamin D-repleted rat to examine its effect on the bone. Male Wistar rats were fed a diet containing 0, 0.025, 1.25, 4.0, and 12.5 ppm 24R, 25(OH)2D3 for 2 years starting at age 6 weeks. The estimated amounts of daily intake of 24R,25(OH)2D3 were 0, 93, 4640, 14680, and 49580 ng/100 g body weight, respectively. No notable difference was found in either the weight or the death rate of the animal. The long-term administration of massive doses of 24R,25(OH)2D3 did not lead to hypercalcemia nor did it affect the blood phosphorus, alkaline-phosphatase, or creatinine levels. Radiographs revealed a striking increase in the bone density on the bones from the animals treated with 1.25 ppm or more 24R,25(OH)2D3. Direct single photon absorptiometry revealed a dose-dependent increase in total bone minerals of both the femur and coccyx. Histological examination revealed a marked increase in the cortical thickness of the femur as well as in the cancellous bone volume of the coccyx. Polarizing microscopy demonstrated the lamellar structure of the bone, and undecalcified sections confirmed the increase of mineralized bone. Ash weight, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium contents on the tibia and fibula also indicated the ascending dose-dependent increase up to 150% of the control. The parameters of bone size were not altered in any group. These results clearly suggest that 24R,25(OH)2D3 given in massive doses has the pharmacological action of increasing bone volume in the rat without causing remarkable hypercalcemia. PMID- 3145131 TI - Calcium environment in bone mineral determined by EXAFS spectroscopy. AB - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra were recorded, above the Ca K edge, from powdered mouse femurs. Spectra were interpreted on the basis of a model developed previously to explain the features of the EXAFS spectrum of fully crystalline hydroxyapatite. Eight shells of atoms surrounding Ca out 0.57 nm were required to explain the appearance of the EXAFS spectrum of bone. Shell radii and Debye-Waller factors were systematically varied to obtain the best fit between observed and theoretical spectra, calculated using exact spherical wave theory. The results were closely similar to those obtained previously from the interpretation of EXAFS spectra from poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite prepared by maturation of amorphous calcium phosphate. However, there appears to be slightly more disorder in bone mineral, perhaps as a result of its accommodating carbonate ions. PMID- 3145132 TI - Peak trabecular vertebral density: a comparison of adolescent and adult females. AB - To determine when spinal bone density reaches its peak, the trabecular vertebral density was assessed, via quantitative computed tomography, among females from two age groups: (1) adolescents (aged 14-19 years; N = 24); and (2) young adults (aged 25-35 years; n =24). The adolescent girls had a higher mean trabecular vertebral density (P less than 0.01), suggesting that spinal density reaches its peak around the time of cessation of longitudinal growth and epiphyseal closure. PMID- 3145133 TI - A monoclonal antibody against dentin phosphophoryn recognizes a bone protein(s) appearing at the beginning of ossification. AB - Decalcified and nondecalcified sections of fetal bovine tibia were stained immunohistochemically with a monoclonal antibody against dentin phosphophoryn. In the epiphyseal portion of the long bone, osteoblasts, osteocytes and the bone matrix were stained, but chondrocytes and the cartilage matrix were not. Similar staining was observed in the epiphyseal and diaphyseal portions of bones. These findings suggest that a protein(s) with the same epitope as phosphophoryn may be synthesized and secreted by osteoblasts at the beginning of ossification and may be involved in mineralization of bone tissue. On Western blots of proteins extracted from fetal bovine bone, the antibody reacted with two bands of molecular weights of about 71,000 and 63,000. These proteins and antibody(s) to the proteins may be useful for detection of the phenotype of osteogenesis. PMID- 3145134 TI - Coccus-shaped Bacillus subtilis cells are inhibited at stage 0 of sporulation. AB - RodA and rodB mutations cause rod-shaped Bacillus subtilis cells to become coccus shaped when the growth temperature is increased from 30 to 45 degrees C. At 30 degrees C four rod strains sporulated as well as the genetically closely related rod+ strains. In contrast, at 45 degrees C the sporulation frequencies of rod strains decreased approximately 10(2)- to 10(4)-fold, while those of rod+ strains remained either unchanged or decreased only slightly. Temperature shift experiments and ultrastructural data indicated that coccus-shaped cells were unable to form prespore septa and were, therefore, inhibited at stage 0 of sporulation. PMID- 3145135 TI - Detection of a Lactobacillus substance that inhibits Escherichia coli. AB - Recent studies have shown that certain lactobacilli strains have the ability to interfere with the adherence and growth of uropathogenic bacteria. This interaction is believed to be important in the maintenance of a normal urogenital flora and in the prevention of infection in females. In the present study, Lactobacillus casei ssp. rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus acidophilus 76 were found to exert an inhibitory effect on pyelonephritogenic mutant Escherichia coli Hu 734 and E. coli ATCC 25922. The bioactivity of the inhibitor produced by strain GR-1 was retained under pH buffered conditions and was bactericidal. The bioactive substance was heat labile, not precipitated by up to 80% ammonium sulphate, and extractable in chloroform. The data indicated that the inhibitor is not lactic acid or hydrogen peroxide and has a molecular weight greater than 12,000-14,000. Human urine supported production of the inhibitor and reduced and delayed outgrowth of the E. coli. The ability of L. casei GR-1 and possibly other lactobacilli strains to produce inhibitors of uropathogenic bacteria may have clinical importance and significance in the microbial ecology of the urogenital tract. PMID- 3145136 TI - Lupus anticoagulant, antiphospholipid antibodies and migraine. AB - The records of fifteen patients referred for neurological assessment and found to have lupus anticoagulant or elevated anticardiolipin antibodies were reviewed. The mean age for females in the group was 29.4 years and for males was 35. A diagnosis of migraine, either as an acute or chronic problem, was made in 10 (66%) of these patients. Seven of the 15 patients had ischemic stroke and two patients had other thrombotic complications associated with lupus anticoagulant. Three of the nine female patients with migraine had histories of spontaneous abortions. All migraine patients experienced transient or more prolonged neurological deficits with their headaches. An association between lupus anticoagulant and migraine can only be suggested. Data on the incidence of migraine in patients with lupus anticoagulant in the general medical population does not exist. Furthermore the prevalence of lupus anticoagulant in migraine sufferers is unknown. Therefore further studies are required to investigate this possible association. PMID- 3145137 TI - Anticonvulsant potency and neurotoxicity of valproate alone and in combination with carbamazepine or phenobarbital. AB - Although single drug therapy of epilepsy has been increasingly advocated, patients whose epilepsy is not controlled by monotherapy are commonly treated with more than one antiepileptic drug. In order to investigate the experimental background for antiepileptic drug combinations, the effect of the pharmacodynamic interactions between valproate and carbamazepine and between valproate and phenobarbital on the efficacy/toxicity ratio was studied in mice. All results were expressed in terms of drug concentrations in the brain in order to exclude possible pharmacokinetic interactions from the analysis. Purely additive interactions were found for the anticonvulsant effect when valproate was combined with carbamazepine as well as with phenobarbital. With regard to the neurotoxic effect, however, the interaction was additive between valproate and phenobarbital but infra-additive for valproate and carbamazepine. Thus, in this model, the combination of valproate and phenobarbital has no advantage over each drug alone, but the combination of valproate with carbamazepine has a better efficacy versus toxicity ratio than either valproate alone or carbamazepine alone. Based on these and previous results, there can be experimental evidence in favor of combining certain antiepileptic drugs, but each combination needs to be studied separately. PMID- 3145138 TI - Bronchial artery embolization to control hemoptysis: a review. AB - Bronchial artery embolization has become an established technique in the management of massive or recurrent hemoptysis. The clinical background, methods, and results of this procedure are discussed, as are the potential complications and their prevention. PMID- 3145139 TI - Percutaneous embolotherapy in life-threatening hemoptysis. AB - Percutaneous embolization of the bronchial arteries to control massive or recurrent hemoptysis has become an accepted procedure, especially in treating patients with chronic pulmonary disease who are poor candidates for lung resection. Nonbronchial systemic collateral arteries and pulmonary arteries may contribute significantly to pulmonary hemorrhage, but embolization of these vessels has not been stressed in recent literature. When embolization of the bronchial artery fails to control hemoptysis, nonbronchial systemic collateral arteries should be embolized. If no systemic collaterals are present, then embolization of segmental pulmonary arteries may prove helpful. PMID- 3145141 TI - Peptic erosion of the cystic artery with massive duodenal hemorrhage: therapeutic embolization. AB - Two patients with massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to duodenal ulceration underwent visceral angiography. In both cases there was extravasation of contrast from the cystic artery directly into the duodenal lumen. Selective transcatheter embolization of the right hepatic artery was performed in each patient, and in both cases, hemorrhage was controlled. Transcatheter embolization is introduced as an effective therapeutic measure in this unusual entity. PMID- 3145140 TI - Embolization of an intrahepatic arterioportal fistula: case report and review of the literature. AB - An intrahepatic arterioportal fistula causing portal hypertension was successfully palliated with steel coils. The patient remains well 2 1/2 years after embolization. The 13 previously reported cases of transcatheter embolization of large intrahepatic arterioportal fistulae are reviewed. Percutaneous transcatheter embolization with suitable embolic material should be preferred to surgery in the treatment of these fistulae. PMID- 3145142 TI - Mesenteric arteriovenous shunt associated with thrombosis of the portal venous system: case report. AB - We report a rare case of mesenteric arteriovenous shunt associated with thrombosis of the portal venous system. The angiographic features consisted of new vessel formation, thrombosis of the main portal vein, superior mesenteric vein and branches, and early filling of distal mesenteric veins with hepatopetal collateral flow. This phenomenon may be due to new vessel formation within the portal vein thrombosis and active lysis of the thrombus exposing the organizing vessels to the distal superior mesenteric veins. PMID- 3145143 TI - Transhepatic venous collaterals in a patient with the Budd-Chiari syndrome. AB - A patient with large transhepatic venous collaterals between the right and middle hepatic veins bypassing a short inferior vena caval occlusion is described. Obstruction of the hepatic veins led to the development of the Budd-Chiari syndrome, ascites, and crural edema. A mesoatrial shunt was performed which resulted in complete recovery. PMID- 3145144 TI - The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, type IV, with an unusual combination of organ malformations. AB - A patient having type IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is described because of an uncommon combination of malformations. He had multiple aneurysms, a hepatic artery-to-portal vein fistula, and diverticula of the biliary passages, the sigmoid colon, and bladder. He also suffered from scoliosis and dilatation of inner and outer cerebral spinal fluid containing spaces. PMID- 3145145 TI - Biopsy proven eradication of an aneurysmal bone cyst treated by superselective embolization: a case report. AB - A large aneurysmal bone cyst of the upper tibia in a 17-year-old patient was treated by superselective embolization with excellent clinical and radiological results. Extensive curettage and detailed pathologic analysis performed 2 years following embolization revealed only healing bone. The presented case and reviewed cases in the literature indicate that embolization is a promising method for definitive therapy of the aneurysmal bone cyst. PMID- 3145146 TI - CT diagnosis of primary mediastinal hydatid cyst rupture into the aorta: a case report. AB - Primary hydatid cyst of the mediastinum is rare. We report a patient with a primary mediastinal hydatid cyst which ruptured into the aorta, resulting in bilateral popliteal embolism. The contrast-enhanced computed tomographic features represent a pathognomonic sign of a communicating rupture of an echinococcal cyst into the aorta. Comparison is made with ultrasonography and aortography. PMID- 3145147 TI - Right ventricular volume: cine vs CT measurements. AB - The volumes of 15 human right ventricular cast specimens were analyzed by computed tomography (CT) and compared with reference volumes and the values obtained by cineradiography. CT volumes were more accurate than those determined by cineradiography. The mean deviation between CT and reference volumes was 3.4%. The differences between cineradiographic values and reference volumes were 14 and 17%, respectively, for the 60 degree LAO projection, area-length method, and biplane 30 degree RAO/60 degree LAO projection, according to the Ferlinz method. The CT and cineradiographic volumes differed significantly in our experiment. PMID- 3145148 TI - Superselective gelfoam embolotherapy using a highly visible small caliber catheter. AB - A new, highly visible and flexible 3F catheter has become available for superselective catheterization and embolization. We describe the first reported series of cases in which this catheter was used for superselective Gelfoam embolization of bleeding visceral arteries. PMID- 3145149 TI - Safety of high pressure injections through a flow switch stopcock. AB - The safety and efficacy of high-pressure injection through a stopcock was tested using a disposable flow switch model. Multiple catheters, contrast agents, injection rates, and pressure combinations were used. These demonstrated that, after insuring the adequacy of the stopcock connections, there will be no leakage, decrease in injection rate, or increase in required pressure when injecting through the flow switch stopcock even at levels appropriate for aortic and pulmonary arteriography. PMID- 3145150 TI - Establishment and characterization of a novel human malignant melanoma cell line AKI. PMID- 3145151 TI - Analysis of cytoplasmic factors in developmental cleavage of mouse embryo. AB - One-cell embryos from certain mouse strains were found incapable of developing beyond the 2-cell stage in vitro (2-cell block), but a microinjection of EDTA effectively overcame this block. When 2-cell arrested embryos were fused with embryos that had developed to the late 2-cell stage in vivo, the fusants developed beyond the 2-cell stage. Microinjection of cytoplasm of in vivo 2-cell embryos into 1-cell embryos also obviated the 2-cell block. Analyses of 35S labeled embryos by 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated changes in synthetic protein patterns possibly related to this block. PMID- 3145152 TI - EGTA induces prolonged summed depolarizations in Mytilus gill coupled ciliated epithelial cells: implications for the control of ciliary motility. AB - Abfrontal ciliated cells of Mytilus edulis gill beat when mechanically stimulated, a consequence of a Ca++-based generator potential and regenerative response. In contrast, the lateral ciliated epithelial cells arrest when stimulated, a consequence of a Ca++-based generator potential and a Na+/Ca++ based regenerative response. Iontophoretic injection of EGTA in abfrontal cells, followed by mechanical stimulation, results in a large, prolonged depolarization that returns to the resting level stepwise. It has been hypothesized that this phenomenon is caused by successive Ca++-dependent repolarizations in coupled cells, first in adjacent cells and then in the injected cell, in accord with relative EGTA loading. We have now demonstrated this same stepwise repolarization phenomenon in the Na+/Ca++-dependent lateral ciliated cells. In this case, each repolarization step is often preceded by a small spike. With either cell type, using two-electrode recording techniques, we can detect the stepwise repolarization in distant cells, proportionately decremented when the second (KCl) electrode is some distance from the injection (EGTA) electrode and stimulus. When force is applied between the electrodes and nearest the KCl electrode, a greater initial response is recorded from this electrode, presumably resulting from depolarization of its impaled cell, prolonged by EGTA diffusion through the intervening cell junctions. The subsequent repolarization steps are of approximately the same size, suggesting repolarization of cells between the two electrodes. These observations are consistent with the cell coupling/EGTA loading hypothesis and indicate that both cell types mediate repolarization through Ca++ and propagate ciliary beat or arrest through intracellular coupling. PMID- 3145153 TI - Cultured cell extracts support organelle movement on microtubules in vitro. AB - Directed movements of organelles have been observed in a variety of cultured cells. To study the regulation and molecular basis of intracellular organelle motility, we have prepared extracts from cultured chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF cells) which support the movement of membraneous organelles along microtubules. The velocity, frequency and characteristics of organelle movements in vitro were similar to those within intact cells. Organelles and extract-coated anionic beads moved predominantly (80%) toward the minus ends of microtubules that had been regrown from centrosomes, corresponding to retrograde translocation. Similar microtubule-dependent organelle movements were observed in extracts prepared from other cultured cells (African green monkey kidney and 3T3 cells). Organelle motility was ATP and microtubule dependent. The frequency of organelle movement was inhibited by acidic (pH less than 7) or alkaline (pH greater than 8) solutions, high ionic strength ([ KCl] = 0.1 M), and the chelation of free magnesium ions. Treatment of the extracts with adenylyl imidodiphosphate (AMP PNP, 7 mM), sodium orthovanadate (vanadate; Na3VO4, 20 microM), or N ethylmaleimide (NEM, 2 mM) blocked all organelle motility. The decoration of microtubules with organelles was observed in the presence of AMP-PNP or vanadate. Motility was not affected by cytochalasin D (2 microM) or cAMP (1 mM). Kinesin (Mr = 116,000), an anterograde microtubule-based motor, was partially purified from the CEF extract by microtubule affinity purification in the presence of AMP PNP, and was able to drive the movement of microtubule on glass coverslips. A similar preparation made in the presence of vanadate contained a different subset of proteins and did not support motility. These results demonstrate that intracellular organelle motility can be reproduced in vitro and provide the basis for investigating the roles of individual molecular components involved in the organelle motor complex. PMID- 3145154 TI - [Parenteral nutrition of critically ill children with emphasis on catabolism and the amino acid solution used. A group of 148 patients]. PMID- 3145155 TI - [The role of specialized parenteral nutrition in the comprehensive care of Reye's syndrome. Use of branched-chain amino acid solutions in a comparative study of 2 groups (28 and 23) of treated children]. PMID- 3145156 TI - [Studies on the promoting and initiating effects of Fusarium T-2 toxin]. PMID- 3145158 TI - Changes in brain thyrotropin-releasing hormone in reversible and irreversible hemorrhagic shock in the rat. AB - Alterations in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) content in the brain during hemorrhagic shock were examined in conscious rats, and the results were interpreted in relation to the reversibility of the shock. Two sets of experiments were run. The first one was to establish reversible and irreversible shock models. Hemorrhagic shock was induced by the initial withdrawal of 4 ml of blood followed by 1 ml bleeds at 5, 15, 30, and 60 min to maintain the blood pressure at 40-70 mmHg for 60 min. Blood withdrawn during and 60 min after the end of the shock was used to measure plasma lactate levels and blood gases. Shock was considered to be reversible if the animal survived for 24 hr after the hemorrhage. The plasma lactate levels as well as Base Excess and PaCO2 during and 60 min after the end of the hemorrhage of the surviving rats were significantly different from those of the animals which died within 24 hr. In particular, the plasma lactate levels at 60 min after the end of the hemorrhagic period were good indicators of the mortality of animals; it was predicted that rats whose plasma lactate levels are higher than 3.8 mEq/L would die within 24 hr (0.69% probability of misdiscrimination). The second experiment was to measure brain TRH content during and after hemorrhage produced using the same bleeding procedure as the first. During hemorrhage, brain TRH contents in the medulla oblongata and midbrain were found to be significantly increased compared with the control values. At 60 min after the end of hemorrhage, significantly higher TRH content values were obtained in the medulla oblongata, midbrain, cerebral cortex, striatum, and cerebellum in the rats whose plasma lactate levels were lower than 3.8 mEq/L compared with those of animals having plasma lactate values higher than 3.8 mEq/L. From the results of the two sets of experiments, it is concluded that the surviving animals have more TRH in the brain regions mentioned above than the non-surviving animals after hemorrhagic shock, and it is suggested that brain TRH plays a beneficial role in the course of recovery from hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 3145157 TI - Use of transgenic animals to study human retroviruses. AB - The purpose of transgenic technology is to introduce a gene into the germline of an animal in order to investigate its proper expression in the appropriate cell types and its effect on cellular functions. This technology has been used to explore a wide variety of genetic and biological issues including stage- and tissue-specific gene expression, development, immunology, oncology, and gene therapy. The intent of this article is to discuss the value of gene transfer technology for the study of mechanisms of viral pathogenesis. We will focus mainly on our experience with two experimental systems involving human T lymphotropic virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV 1). PMID- 3145159 TI - Absorption of topical disodium cromoglycate and its preservatives by soft contact lenses. AB - Disodium cromoglycate (2%) (DSCG) was administered four times daily for one month to 10 patients using extended wear contact lenses. The same regimen was also followed for five days by 25 patients using daily wear soft contact lenses. The contact lenses and their soaking solutions were collected at the end of the wearing period and analyzed for DSCG, benzalkonium chloride (BAK), 2 phenylethanol, and EDTA. The lens soaking solutions and eluates prepared from the lenses were tested. In the extended wear group, small amounts of DSCG were detected in both the eluates and the soaking solutions. In the daily wear group DSCG was detected in small amounts in the soaking solutions but not in the eluates. BAK, EDTA, and 2-phenylethanol were not detected in any of the eluates or soaking solutions. During the study, no side effects of DSCG were observed in any of the patients. In animal experiments, radioactive DSCG was applied once to a series of rabbit eyes. Four hours after administration of the labelled DSCG, the animals' tears, cornea, and aqueous humor were examined for DSCG. Of the instilled dose, approximately 0.2% was found in the cornea, and less than 0.04% was found in the aqueous humor. We conclude that commercial DSCG applied topically to contact lenses does not result in the accumulation of either the drug or its preservatives in lenses and that DSCG can be safely applied directly onto a worn contact lens. PMID- 3145160 TI - Lupus vulgaris with numerous tubercle bacilli. PMID- 3145161 TI - Immunoglobulin synthesis in primary and myeloma amyloidosis. AB - Bone marrow cells from 14 patients with primary amyloidosis and two patients with myeloma amyloidosis were studied by immunofluorescence and biosynthesis experiments after incorporation of radioactive amino acids. Cells from four patients affected with non-myeloma secondary amyloidosis were also studied as controls. In primary amyloidosis, monoclonal plasma cell populations were demonstrated by immunofluorescence in virtually every case, even in patients without serum and urine monoclonal immunoglobulin and with a normal percentage of bone marrow plasma cells. Biosynthesis experiments showed the secretion of large amounts of free light chains, most often of the lambda type, in every primary or myeloma amyloidosis case and the presence of light chain fragments in almost all cases. Special features in certain patients were the synthesis of short gamma chains (two cases), assembly block at the HL half molecule level of a monoclonal IgA (one case) and secretion of decameric abnormally large kappa chains (one case). This is in contrast with non-myelomatous secondary amyloidosis where the distribution of bone marrow plasma cells was normal by immunofluorescence and where normal sized immunoglobulins were synthesized, without free light chain secretion and fragments. These data confirm that primary amyloidosis belongs to plasma cell dyscrasias and emphasize the role of free light chains and light chain fragments in the pathogenesis of amyloid deposition. PMID- 3145162 TI - Circulating heavy IgM in IgM nephropathy. AB - IgM nephropathy (IgMN) causes nephrotic syndrome and is characterized by IgM mesangial deposits. It is speculated that these deposits are derived from circulating IgM aggregates or immune complexes, either of which would have a molecular weight heavier than that of normal IgM. To test this hypothesis the sera of 11 patients with IgMN, five patients with nephrotic syndrome of other etiologies, and 13 normal controls were analysed for such heavy IgM. The serum samples were passed over a Biogel A5M molecular sieve column and the fractions were tested for IgM concentration by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The column effluent from the void volume to the IgM peak was divided into four equal regions, and the average IgM concentrations in each region were compared. The IgMN group had significantly higher IgM concentrations than normal controls in the heaviest region (0.81 +/- 0.84 vs. 0.32 +/- 0.17 micrograms/ml; P = 0.01) and in the lightest region (95.8 +/- 59.5 vs. 46.3 +/- 41.2 micrograms/ml; P = 0.02). Although the IgMN group appeared to have about double the IgM levels of the nephrotic control group in all four regions, this was only significant in the lightest (19S) region. In serum samples from two IgMN patient methods known to break antigen antibody bonds eliminated the heavy IgM; in one case we used gel filtration in potassium thiocyanate and in another ultracentrifugation at pH 2.8. In addition, the heavy IgM in this second patient exhibited complement fixation activity in a sandwich ELISA for IgM-C3 complexes. We conclude that IgMN patients have circulating heavy IgM, which by preliminary studies probably consists of complement fixing IgM immune complexes. PMID- 3145164 TI - Restless legs with antiepileptic drug therapy. AB - The restless legs syndrome is generally benign but is occasionally associated with anemia, metabolic disorder, or polyneuropathy. Leg restlessness with disruptive nocturnal myoclonus has been described as a sleep disorder. We report two patients with complex partial and secondarily generalized seizures, who developed restless legs while taking methsuximide and phenytoin. They had no evidence of metabolic disturbance or neuromuscular disease, although one patient had fragmented sleep and disruptive myoclonus on polysomnography, and leg restlessness subsided with change of antiepileptic drugs. These symptoms could reflect transient alteration in peripheral nerve function not evident by examination or electrophysiologic studies, sleep disturbance by antiepileptic drugs or the effects of temporal lobe seizure foci on perception of the physiologic state of nerves and muscles. PMID- 3145163 TI - Human retinal pigment epithelial cells differentially express MHC class II (HLA, DP, DR and DQ) antigens in response to in vitro stimulation with lymphokine or purified IFN-gamma. AB - A possible role for retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) as local antigen presenting cells in immune inflammatory eye disease was investigated by studying the in vitro response of human RPE cells to stimulation with purified IFN-gamma or Con A induced lymphokine. RPE cells cultured with a single dose of 50-1000 u/ml IFN-gamma for up to 8 days to allow maximal Class II gene transcription, expressed HLA DP, DR and DQ antigens in a dose-dependent manner with 80% or more of cells positive for each antigen at the higher concentration. After removal of a suboptimal IFN-gamma stimulus, HLA-DR antigen expression persisted for at least 15 days. HLA-DP and DQ antigens persisted only after maximal IFN-gamma stimulation. Lymphokine from Con A stimulated lymphocytes induced higher levels of DR and DQ expression (80%) over DP (15%) implying complex interactions with other mediators present in the lymphocyte culture supernatant. Since RPE cells phagocytose and recycle autoantigen-rich retinal rod outer segments and co express HLA DR and DQ Class II antigens in response to IFN-gamma stimulation, an immunoregulatory role in conditions in which retinal autoimmunity is implicated, such as chronic idiopathic posterior uveitis and retinal vasculitis is postulated for these cells. PMID- 3145166 TI - Serum fibronectin and somatomedin-C as nutritional markers in adults receiving total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3145165 TI - Evidence for lipid-associated serine proteases and metalloproteases in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. AB - 1. We have investigated the nature of elastase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from healthy cigarette smokers and subjects with emphysema. 2. Initial experiments with pure human leucocyte elastase showed this enzyme to be inhibited by high concentrations (greater than 10 mmol/l) of ethylenediaminetetra-acetate, indicating that results of previous studies of 'metalloelastase' activity in bronchoalveolar lavage were ambiguous. 3. We have nevertheless demonstrated the presence in bronchoalveolar lavage of an elastase with the characteristics of a metalloproteinase, although samples also contained a substantial amount of activity that was sensitive to serine proteinase inhibitors. 4. Fractionation of lavage fluid supernatant by size-exclusion chromatography demonstrated most of the elastase activity to be of molecular mass greater than 300 kDa. Treatment of samples with lipase or detergent caused a reduction in metalloelastase activity and the generation of lower-molecular-mass components (90-100 kDa and 40 kDa) which were predominantly serine elastases. This suggested that the enzymes were associated with lipid. PMID- 3145167 TI - Predicting human-albumin replacement dosages in hypoalbuminemic patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3145168 TI - Norplant-2 rods: one year experience in Singapore. AB - Norplant-2 contraceptive implants consist of two silastic rods in which levonorgestrel has been incorporated with the polymer. This study describes our experience with 100 acceptors of the Norplant-2 rods in Singapore. No pregnancies occurred during the first year of use. Menstrual irregularities was the main complaint associated with the use of Norplant-2. However, the incidence of menstrual irregularities appeared to diminish with time and the continuation rate at the end of one year was 95.0 per cent. Thus, it appears that the Norplant-2 rod systems offer a highly effective, convenient means of contraception which should be well accepted in future. PMID- 3145169 TI - The effects of Norplant-2 rods on clinical chemistry in Singaporean acceptors after 1 year of use: haemostatic changes. AB - A longitudinal study of coagulation parameters was carried out on 100 Singapore acceptors using the levonorgestrel subdermal implants Norplant-2 rods for contraceptive purposes. At the end of 1 year of use, results from this on-going study indicates that these acceptors have an enhanced potential for hypercoagulation with a significant shortening of their prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. They also have an increased predisposition to thrombosis as evidenced by significant increases in platelet count and aggregability. A number of other parameters achieved statistically significant differences by the end of one year but since the results were within the normal accepted range, they were therefore unlikely to be of much clinical importance. PMID- 3145170 TI - The effects of Norplant-2 rods on clinical chemistry in Singaporean acceptors after 1 year of use: metabolic changes. AB - In this longitudinal study involving 100 Singaporean acceptors, the effects of Norplant-2 rods on metabolic function was evaluated. With respect to liver function, the results indicate possible hepatocellular dysfunction. There was a significant rise in mean serum bilirubin from 0.54 mg/dl to 0.85 mg/dl after 12 months of use (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, there was also a significant fall in total proteins from 7.37 gm/dl to 7.12 gm/dl (p less than 0.001) and serum globulin from 3.18 gm/dl to 2.84 gm/dl (p less than 0.001). As regards lipid metabolism, we have demonstrated significant decreases in mean serum triglycerides (1.04 mmol/l to 0.83 mmol/l), p less than 0.001; total cholesterol (5.04 mmol/l to 4.64 mmol/l), p less than 0.001; and LDL-cholesterol (3.36 mmol/l to 3.10 mmol/l), p less than 0.001 after one year of use. There was a small fall in the HDL-cholesterol (1.21 mmol/l to 1.16 mmol/l) after 12 months of use; this fall was not significant. Despite this, there was a rise in the HDL cholesterol/Total cholesterol - HDL-cholesterol ratio (0.258 cf 0.244; p less than 0.05) after 1 year of use. As we have not incorporated a simultaneous non pill treated control group, the observed changes in lipoprotein lipids could be attributed to extraneous factors such as diet, exercise or other environmental changes. Nevertheless, the findings, though speculative, indicate Norplant-2 use to be non-contributory to cardiovascular risk and indeed it may be a protective factor against such risks in this population. The use of Norplant-2 rods was not associated with any significant effect on glucose tolerance after 12 months of use. PMID- 3145172 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa: in vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs, single and combined, with and without defibrinated human blood. AB - Twelve clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa of distinct pyocin type varied in susceptibility to 14 of 17 antimicrobial drugs. The 2 x MIC concentrations of 16 antimicrobial drugs combined with 55% (v/v) of fresh, defibrinated human blood yielded additive effects. Additive effects were noted with blood plus the MIC concentrations of all drugs tested except cefoperazone, gentamicin, and netilmicin. Blood combined with subinhibitory (1/2 MIC) concentrations of aztreonam, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin, imipenem, and tobramycin, respectively, yielded additive effects; indifferent effects were observed with the remaining 10 blood plus 1/2 MIC drug combinations. The following drug combinations additively augmented the antibacterial activity of 65% (v/v) of human blood against two selected isolates of P. aeruginosa: tobramycin (1 microgram/ml) plus the MIC or 2 x MIC concentrations of azlocillin, aztreonam, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, piperacillin, and ticarcillin, respectively. Imipenem (8 micrograms/ml) combined with ceftazidime, cefoperazone, and piperacillin, but not aztreonam, enhanced the bactericidal activity of human blood. Rifampin (2 micrograms/ml) plus tobramycin (0.5-1 microgram/ml) combined with 8 or 16 micrograms/ml of azlocillin, aztreonam, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, imipenem, and piperacillin, respectively, enhanced blood-mediated killing of three representative multiple-drug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. Additional effective triple-drug combinations with human blood were rifampin + tobramycin + polymyxin B, rifampin + ciprofloxacin + imipenem, and rifampin + amikacin + imipenem. Ciprofloxacin (2 micrograms/ml) was the most potent intraphagocytic bactericidal drug of 16 tested agents (greater than or equal to 2 x MBC concentrations) against P. aeruginosa control strain ATCC 27853. PMID- 3145171 TI - Estradiol plasma levels during long-term treatment with Norplant subdermal implants. AB - Estradiol-(E2) plasma levels were assessed in forty-seven women treated for one through seven years with the same set of Norplant implants. Each woman was subjected to one (n = 34), two (n = 11) or three (n = 2) sampling runs. At each sampling run, blood samples were drawn every third or fourth day during 5 or 6 consecutive weeks. Sampling runs were classified as ovulatory (n = 11), anovulatory (n = 49) or uncertain (n = 1) according to progesterone levels. Controls were Copper T users (n = 8), all classified as ovulatory. No significant differences were found for the mean E2 levels between Norplant users and Copper T users and between ovulatory and anovulatory cases. The mean of the peak E2 value found in each sampling run was significantly higher in anovulatory Norplant subjects than in the control group. The mean of the minimum E2 level observed was significantly lower in Norplant cases than in Copper T users. A single woman from the Norplant group and none from the Copper T group had all E2 values below 370 pmol/l. The inhibition of the reproductive function induced by Norplant implants is associated with a wider range of E2 circulating levels. None of the values observed at the extremes should cause serious concerns. High peaks are transitory and opposed by the antiestrogenic effect of levonorgestrel. Persistent low levels which could be associated with a hypoestrogenic state were observed in a single case. PMID- 3145173 TI - [Intra-arterial drug infusion via the bronchial artery in the treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma]. PMID- 3145174 TI - [A comparison of EEG changes with reaction time and serum lithium levels during treatment of manic patients with lithium carbonate]. PMID- 3145175 TI - Fluorescence response and sensitivity determination for ATC 3000 flow cytometer. AB - The fluorescence emitted by labeled particles after interaction with exciting light is conditioned by laser beam geometry and by the mode of fluorescence collection and filtration. A laser elliptic focusing mode is described, and the fluorescence characteristics of the sample cell flow are calculated. Fluorescence collection and detection through optical filters were analyzed, and efficiency was calculated for the ATC 3000 flow cytometer (Odam-Bruker, Wissembourg, France). A mathematical model is proposed for calculation of the fluorescence signal and its fluctuations. The background noise for the ATC 3000 was quantified experimentally using fluorescent microspheres of a known number of bound equivalent fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) molecules. These experimental measurements were found to fit the theoretical predictions, thus validating the proposed model. PMID- 3145176 TI - Southern analysis of genomic DNA with unique and degenerate oligonucleotide probes: a method for reducing probe degeneracy. AB - We have optimized conditions for genomic Southern analysis of eukaryotic DNA with both unique and degenerate oligonucleotide probes. Using the human Factor IX gene, optimal probe concentrations and hybridization times were determined, and washing conditions with sodium chloride and tetramethylammonium chloride (TMA-Cl) were compared. With TMA-Cl, the washing temperature was independent of GC content. With these conditions, the Factor IX gene was detected in genomic DNA using a 128-fold degenerate 20-mer and a 32-fold degenerate 17-mer. This permits the detection of a gene prior to cloning and the reduction of probe degeneracy, and facilitates the isolation of that gene. We apply this method of probe degeneracy reduction using probes for the human Factor VIII gene. PMID- 3145178 TI - Nitrates: the problem of tolerance. PMID- 3145177 TI - [Effect of beta-carotene on sister chromatid exchanges induced by MNNG and aflatoxin B1 in V79 cells]. AB - In order to elucidate the mechanism of tumor prevention of beta-carotene, its effect on sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) induced by MNNG in cultured V79 cells, under condition free of the enzyme system to convert beta-carotene into vitamin A, was studied. It was found that SCE level was significantly increased by high doses beta-carotene (10(-5)-10(-4) M) and the enhancement of SCE was restored to its original level by addition of alpha-tocopherol (final concentration 2 micrograms/ml). This may be due to the latter inhibiting the oxidation of beta carotene and reducing the amount of oxidated carotene, which is toxic for cultured cells. Combination of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol at low doses inhibited SCE induced by MNNG (P less than 0.05) but no protective activity was observed when used separately. It was also found that beta-carotene (2 x 10(-7) M) and retinol (16 micrograms/ml) inhibited SCE induced by aflatoxin B1, which is activated by S-9 mixture. The present data clearly show that the antitumor activity of beta-carotene may be attributed to both itself and its degraded compound vitamin A, and may take part in the initiation of carcinogenesis. Combination of beta-carotene and other cancer preventive drugs is more effective and safer than it used individually. PMID- 3145179 TI - Growth monitoring--a way to help improve the growth of young children and reduce chronic child malnutrition that deserves more attention in East Africa. PMID- 3145180 TI - [Transcranial magneto-electric stimulation]. PMID- 3145181 TI - [Transcranial cortex stimulation with magnetic field pulses: methodologic and physiologic principles]. AB - The recently introduced method of painless transcranial brain stimulation using magnetic pulses has proved to be particularly suitable for exciting the motor cortex in conscious humans. The magnetic pulse is generated by a brief current pulse which passes through the stimulating coil, and the time varying magnetic field induces stimulating currents within the brain. Experimental evidence indicates that transcranial magnetic stimulation as opposed to electrical brain stimulation activated corticospinal neurones transsynaptically. With a circular stimulating coil centered near the vertex, upper limb muscles of the right side are preferentially activated with the inducing current clockwise viewed from above and vice versa. For the leg muscles the optimal position of the coil on the scalp is more critical and varies from subject to subject. Voluntary contraction of the target muscle reduces the threshold stimulus intensity, increases the amplitude and shortens the latency of the evoked compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs). This facilitatory effect of background muscle activity is most pronounced in the small hand muscles, where only a slight contraction is sufficient to greatly enhance the responses. In a relaxed small hand muscle facilitation of the responses can also be achieved by contraction of either the homologous contralateral or a neighbouring ipsilateral muscle. Even in relaxed state, the CMAPs show an inherent variability which is not related to the subject's motor readiness or mental state in any obvious way, provided the muscles' relaxed state is ascertained. The stimulus strength affects the amplitudes but not the latencies of the responses over a relatively wide range of suprathreshold intensities. PMID- 3145182 TI - [Characteristics of electrical discharges by transcranial cortex stimulation activated motor units of the hand muscles of the human]. AB - Using concentric needle electrode recording from hand muscles (abductor digiti minimi, first dorsal interosseus, or abductor pollicis brevis muscle) the latencies of single motor unit potentials in response to threshold magnetic brain stimuli were studied under different conditions. It has been shown that the motor units activated by threshold brain stimuli had the lowest threshold for voluntary activation (A = vol. activated, B = brain stim.). Onset latencies of 23 motor unit potentials from different sites in the relaxed muscles of four healthy subjects ranged from 22.4 to 32.4 ms (average: 26.4 ms; SD: 2.80 ms) but proved to be relatively stable when stimulating and recording conditions were kept constant (variation less than 0.5 ms, see poststimulus time histogram in Fig. 2). With concurrent contraction of an ipsilateral neighbouring or of the contralateral homologous muscle the motor unit potentials from the relaxed target muscle jumped to an earlier latency by 1.2 to 1.7 ms (C in Fig. 3 and B-2 in Fig. 4). On one occasion another motor unit of higher threshold was alternatively activated by this procedure (B-3 in Fig. 4). Since the same procedures are known to enhance the compound muscle action potentials as recorded from the relaxed muscle with surface electrodes, the shorter latencies of single motor units are considered to be caused by a facilitatory influence on the motoneurones. A possible explanation for these latency shifts would be that the motor units discharge later in response to the brain stimulus induced repetitive cortico spinal impulses when there is no facilitation, whereas during facilitation the firing level is reached earlier.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145183 TI - [Assessment of motor cranial nerve functions using transcranial magnetic stimulation]. AB - Transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over one cerebral hemisphere evokes bilateral responses in the muscles supplied by cranial nerves (masseter, mentalis, sternomastoid, genioglossus) (Tabl. 1). The relatively long latencies of these responses and the influence that preactivation of the muscle has on them, suggests that they are cortically evoked. Shorter latency and exclusively ipsilateral responses can be obtained if the position of the stimulating coil over the head is more lateral. These responses are uninfluenced by pre-activation of the muscle which suggests that they arise from stimulation of the peripheral nerve itself. By considering the conduction velocity of the nerve and the response latency such stimulation probably occurs in the proximal intracisternal segment (Fig. 2). The results obtained using magnetic stimulation of the cortex in patients with unilateral cerebral hemisphere lesions lend support to the idea of a bilateral projection from each cerebral hemisphere to the motor nuclei of the facial and hypoglossal nerves on both sides: stimulations over the intact hemisphere produces bilateral responses, whereas stimulations over the damaged hemisphere produce no responses (Fig. 1). In patients with idiopathic facial palsy no short latency responses were obtained on the affected side either during the acute (less than 10 days) or during the chronic phase (greater than 3 months) of the illness-despite clinical improvement during the chronic stage (Fig. 3, 4). However cortically evoked responses were obtainable in patients seen during the chronic phase indicating that facial motoneurones could be excited transsynaptically (Fig. 3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145184 TI - [Findings in the peripheral motor system following stimulation of the motor nerve roots: polyradiculitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and polyneuropathy]. AB - The peripheral nervous system was stimulated over the vertebral column by brief, high-voltage condenser discharges. Potentials from proximal and distal muscles were recorded. We examined healthy subjects (N = 28), patients suffering from ALS (N = 5), from polyradiculitis (N = 6), and polyneuropathies (N = 8). In ALS latencies were slightly (in most cases less than 20%), in polyradiculitis latencies were markedly increased (30-40% on average). The latencies of patients suffering from polyneuropathies showed a variable pattern of vulnerability. Moreover, we could show that this method is frequently capable to quantify deficits in the peripheral nervous system when F-waves are absent. PMID- 3145185 TI - [Somatosensory and motor evoked potentials in the prognostic assessment of traumatic and non-traumatic comatose patients]. AB - Somatosensory evoked potentials have proved to be useful for the outcome prediction of comatose patients. To date there are no reliable data with the investigation of motor evoked potentials (MEP) in this question. In the present study 60 patients with traumatic (group I) and 35 with non-traumatic coma (group II) were examined with both electrophysiological tests. It was the aim of this study to find out whether additional recording of MEP could contribute to a better prediction of the outcome than SEP alone. Our results clearly indicate that in terms of prognostic value SEP are superior to MEP. All patients with bilaterally preserved SEP and a central conduction time less than or equal to 6.5 msec (SEP-type Ia) survived whereas all patients with bilaterally absent cortical responses (SEP-type III) died. On the other hand, 12 patients (30.7%) of group I and 11 patients (39.3%) of group II with bilaterally preserved electromyographic responses following transcranial stimulation (MEP-type I) died. Only the bilateral absence of MEP (type III) was an unerring unfavourable prognostic sign. On the whole, we cannot recommend the use of MEP in prognostic evaluation of comatous patients. PMID- 3145186 TI - Inhibitory effect of Sertoli cell-cultured media on LH binding to mouse Leydig cells in culture. AB - The aim of this study is to examine the influence of Sertoli cells on LH binding to Leydig cells in culture in immature mice. Leydig cells and Sertoli cells were obtained from the testes of immature C57BL/6Ncrj mice and were cultured in serum free medium for 7 days. The LH binding to Leydig cells and the FSH binding to Sertoli cells were dependent on incubation time, the number of cells, and the amount of labelled hormone added. The dissociation constant for LH binding to Leydig cells was 7.3 x 10(-10) M. Co-culture of Leydig cells with Sertoli cells for 7 days decreased LH binding to Leydig cells. The binding was 34.9% of that to Leydig cells cultured alone. After cultivation of Leydig cells with spent Sertoli cell-cultured medium (SM) for the last 4 days of the 7-day culture period, LH binding to Leydig cells decreased to as low as 17.4% of that of the controls. For the controls, LH binding was measured in Leydig cells cultured in spent Leydig cell-cultured medium (LM). There was no difference between SM- and LM-cultures in the final survival rate or the percentage of cells showing histochemically demonstrated 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. These data suggest that some factor or factors are secreted from the cultured Sertoli cells and inhibit the binding of LH to Leydig cells in culture. PMID- 3145187 TI - Prolactin release in polycystic ovarian syndrome. AB - To evaluate the prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCO), 72 patients with oligo- or anovulation were studied. All of the patients had persisting elevated LH (greater than 25 mIU/ml), normal FSH, high LH/FSH ratio (greater than 2.5), and exaggerated LH responses to LHRH. Mean testosterone and androstenedione concentrations were appreciably increased in these patients. Out of 171 samples for prolactin (PRL) determination from these 72 patients, only 5 patients had a PRL value above 30 ng/ml during the first sampling. The next sampling from these same 5 women disclosed that they were transiently hyperprolactinemic because the next samples showed a normal PRL value. To further investigate the PRL secretory capacity 500 micrograms of TRH and 10 mg of metoclopramide (MCP) were administered to these 72 and 44 patients, respectively. The PRL response to MCP was significantly blunted in these patients compared to normal women while the PRL response to TRH in these patients was not indistinguishable from that in normal women. These results indicate that the true prevalence rate of hyperprolactinemia in PCO may be low rather than high and the association of hyperprolactinemia with PCO may be coincidental rather than a pathogenically related phenomenon. PMID- 3145188 TI - Dynamic change in charge heterogeneity of pituitary FSH throughout the estrous cycle in female rats. AB - Anterior pituitaries were removed from female rats at various stages during the estrous cycle and FSH was fractionated by isoelectric focusing (IEF). Fourteen FSH components were observed during the estrous cycle and twelve of them were distributed between pH 3.71 and 6.66. IEF profiles of FSH in the pituitaries varied with the stage in the estrous cycle. Especially at the time of serum FSH surge on the day of proestrus, most of the components decreased, while only a highly alkaline component showed an increase. When these FSH components were separated and their nature was examined by radioreceptor assay (RRA), radioimmunoassay (RIA) and gel filtration, differences were observed among these components in the RRA/RIA ratio and gel filtration profile. As a general tendency, the RRA/RIA ratio of the components became greater while the apparent molecular size became smaller, as their pI became higher. However, some highly acidic components showed a biphasic elution pattern and the most acidic one eluted the latest on gel filtration, suggesting that these components may be heterogeneous in terms of molecular size. The FSH concentration in sera collected at different stages in the estrous cycle was measured by both RRA and RIA. The RRA/RIA ratio was high when the serum immunoreactive FSH was low, and low during the FSH surge. From these findings, it is concluded that the quality of FSH molecules present in the anterior pituitary gland changes dynamically throughout the estrous cycle, especially during the period of serum FSH surge. Furthermore it is suggested that the type of FSH secreted from it also varies according to the stage in the estrous cycle. PMID- 3145189 TI - Age-related changes in the secretory pattern of FSH and LH in response to LH-RH in prepubertal female rats. AB - Developmental changes in the pituitary responsiveness and the secretory pattern of FSH and LH in response to a single injection of LH-RH (100 ng/rat, s.c.) as estimated by increases in plasma concentrations of FSH and LH 10, 30 and 60 min after the injection were studied in female rats at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days of age. The pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH for both FSH and LH release increased from 5 to 15 days of age, reached a maximum on 15 days of age and declined thereafter, whereas a marked increase in the amount of these hormones in the pituitary occurred between 15 and 20 days of age. An apparent change in the secretory pattern of both FSH and LH was observed from 20 days of age onward. In groups up to 15 days of age, plasma concentrations of FSH and LH remained elevated 60 min after the injection of LH-RH, though the plasma concentration of these hormones returned to preinjection concentrations in groups at 20 days of age or later. These results indicate that the age-related changes in the secretory pattern of LH and FSH in response to LH-RH as well as changes in the pituitary responsiveness were apparent during the prepubertal period. PMID- 3145190 TI - Growth hormone-releasing hormone-producing tumors: clinical, biochemical, and morphological manifestations. AB - This paper has reviewed current knowledge of clinical, biochemical, and morphological manifestations of extracranial GRH-producing tumors. Excessive GRH release stimulates pituitary somatotrophs causing elevation of blood GH levels and acromegaly. In some patients with GRH-containing tumor, blood GH concentrations are normal and no acromegaly develops. GRH-producing tumors associated with acromegaly are rare. Based on a critical analysis of the literature, 30 tumors are accepted as definitive. They possess unique features: occurrence in young age, female preponderance, foregut derivation, benign biological behavior, small secretory granules, and frequent association with MEN type I syndrome. The pancreas and lung are common primary sites. GRH-containing tumors unassociated with acromegaly include those of gut and thymus, small cell carcinoma of lung, and medullary carcinoma of thyroid. Several tumors are plurihormonal. In contrast to somatotroph adenoma seen in patients with classical acromegaly, the hypophysial lesion represents somatotroph hyperplasia in acromegalic patients with GRH-producing tumor. This finding indicates that GRH not only increases somatotroph secretory activity but causes somatotroph proliferation. Studies of GRH-producing tumors are of fundamental importance in obtaining a deeper insight into endocrine activity of pituitary somatotrophs and the pathogenesis of GH-secreting pituitary adenomas associated with acromegaly; the importance of GRH in the etiology of acromegaly is still unresolved. The relationship between GRH-secreting tumors and MEN type I syndrome is controversial; further studies are required to elucidate whether they represent two distinct entities or whether GRH-producing tumors accompanied by acromegaly are only forme fruste manifestations of MEN type I syndrome. PMID- 3145191 TI - Bioassays of follicle stimulating hormone. AB - With the availability of these highly sensitive in vitro assays, measurement of bio-FSH in serum and urine becomes possible. Clinical studies have been done to investigate the role of bioactive FSH in different physiological and pathological conditions. There are however problems with these assays. All the assays required cell-culture facility and technique. In general they are technically demanding, expensive, and cumbersome. Both the GAB and SAB will take 5 working days for a technician to process 15-20 samples at multiple dilutions. Both assays rely on primary cultures of cells. Different pituitary FSH standards had been used for the validation of these biological assays. It had been previously demonstrated that pituitary and urinary gonadotropin preparations and standards exhibit different B/I ratios because of the marked heterogeneity of the gonadotropins. Comparing samples with standards of varying B/I ratios and bio-FSH activity makes the data difficult to interpret. In addition, in the GAB, rat FSH (FSH-I-6) and ovine FSH (NIH-S-15) are equipotent, but in the in vivo Steelman-Pohley assay, rat FSH is 5 times more potent than the ovine preparation. Similarly for the SAB, the NIH-hFSH-3 preparation was more potent than the NIH-hFSH-2 preparation, although the reverse was the case when biopotencies were stimulated by the Steelman-Pohley assays. This clearly demonstrates that both the GAB and SAB are in vitro bioassays and do not fully reflect in vivo activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145192 TI - Yeast mutants temperature-sensitive for growth after random mutagenesis of the chromosomal RAS2 gene and deletion of the RAS1 gene. AB - Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with a disrupted RAS1 gene and with an intact RAS2 gene (ras1- RAS2 strains) grew well on both fermentable and nonfermentable carbon sources. By constructing isogenic mutants having a disrupted RAS1 locus and a randomly mutagenized chromosomal RAS2 gene, we obtained yeast strains with specific growth defects. The strain TS1 was unable to grow on nonfermentable carbon sources and galactose at 37 degrees C, while it could grow on glucose at the same temperature. The mutated RAS2 gene in TS1 cells encoded a protein with the glycines at positions 82 and 84 replaced by serine and arginine respectively. Both mutations were necessary for temperature sensitivity. We also isolated a mutant yeast that was unable to grow on nonfermentable carbon sources both at 30 and 37 degrees C, while growing on glucose at both temperatures. This phenotype was caused by a single chromosomal mutation, leading to the replacement of aspartic acid 40 of the RAS2 protein by asparagine. A ras1- yeast strain with a chromosomal RAS2 gene harbouring the three mutations together did not grow at any temperature using non-fermentable carbon sources, but it was able to grow on glucose at 30 degrees C, and not at 37 degrees C. The mutated proteins were much less effective than the wild-type RAS2 protein in the stimulation of adenylate cyclase, but were efficiently expressed in vivo. The possible roles of residues 40, 82 and 84 of the RAS2 protein in the regulation of adenylate cyclase are discussed. PMID- 3145193 TI - Genomic organization of the human oestrogen receptor gene. AB - The oestrogen receptor (ER) is a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding, DNA binding and activation of transcription. We show here that the human ER gene is greater than 140 kb in length, split into eight exons and that the positions of these introns have been highly conserved when compared with the chicken progesterone receptor and are remarkably similar to those of one of the chicken thyroid hormone receptor genes. The N-terminal A/B region, which is not conserved between the different members of the nuclear receptor family, is almost entirely encoded within a single exon. Notably each of the putative 'zinc fingers' of the receptor DNA-binding domain is encoded separately, and the hormone-binding domain is assembled from five exons. In addition, we find that the ER isolated from the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 contains a Gly-400----Val mutation present in the hormone-binding domain. PMID- 3145195 TI - A second subunit of CD8 is expressed in human T cells. AB - The CD8 glycoprotein plays important functions in T cell development and in T cell activation. In rodents, CD8 is a heterodimer, consisting of an alpha-chain (Lyt2) and a beta-chain (Lyt3). In humans, only the alpha-chain has been detected, and it has been thought that CD8 consists of homodimers of this protein. We have isolated functional cDNA clones encoding human CD8 beta, and show that the CD8 beta protein is expressed on the surface of CD8+ human T cells. cDNA clones encoding multiple forms of the human CD8 beta-chain have been isolated and characterized. These structural variants, which are likely to arise by alternative splicing, differ in the sequences encoding the cytoplasmic domain, which can consist of 19, 30, or 52 amino acids. One of the cDNAs lacks nucleotide sequences corresponding to a hydrophobic transmembrane domain, and may encode a secreted CD8 beta protein. The protein product of the human CD8 beta gene can be detected by a recently described anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, 597. Expression of the epitope recognized by this antibody requires co-expression of the CD8 alpha and CD8 beta gene products. About 90% of human CD8 alpha positive thymocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes express CD8 beta at the cell surface. Expression of the CD8 beta chain is thus conserved between human and rodents, and the variant CD8 beta polypeptides may have distinct roles in T cell function and development. PMID- 3145194 TI - Diverse organization of immunoglobulin VH gene loci in a primitive vertebrate. AB - The immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain variable (VH) gene family of Heterodontus francisci (horned shark), a phylogenetically distant vertebrate, is unique in that VH, diversity (DH), joining (JH) and constant region (CH) gene segments are linked closely, in multiple individual clusters. The V regions of 12 genomic (liver and gonad) DNA clones have been sequenced completely and three organization patterns are evident: (i) VH-D1-D2-JH-CH with unique 12/22 and 12/12 spacers in the respective D recombination signal sequences (RSSs); VH and JH segments have 23 nucleotide (nt) spacers, (ii) VHDH-JH-CH, an unusual germline configuration with joined VH and DH segments and (iii) VHDHJH-CH, with all segmental elements being joined. The latter two configurations do not appear to be pseudogenes. Another VH-D1-D2-JH-CH gene possesses a D1 segment that is flanked by RSSs with 12 nt spacers and a D2 segment with 22/12 spacers. Based on the comparison of spleen, VH+ cDNA sequences to a germline consensus, it is evident that both DH segments as well as junctional and N-type diversity account for Ig variability. In this early vertebrate, the Ig genes share unique properties with higher vertebrate T-cell receptor as well as with Ig and may reflect the structure of a common ancestral antigen binding receptor gene. PMID- 3145196 TI - The human Lyt-3 molecule requires CD8 for cell surface expression. AB - We have previously identified a monoclonal antibody, T8/2T8-5H7, which clustered serologically with CD8 monoclonal antibodies, but lacked reactivity with L cell transfectants expressing the human CD8 molecule (Lyt-2 homologue). Based on these observations, we postulated that T8/2T8-5H7 might recognize the human Lyt-3 gene product. To test this hypothesis, we have isolated a full-length cDNA encoding the human Lyt-3 molecule and have characterized its product in additional transfection experiments. The results of these studies indicate that the human Lyt-3 cDNA encodes a product recognized by the antibody T8/2T8-5H7. Interestingly, the human Lyt-3 molecule cannot be expressed alone, but requires the human Lyt-2 homologue for efficient cell surface expression. A heterodimer composed of the human Lyt-2 and Lyt-3 molecules may have importance in T cell target cell interactions. PMID- 3145197 TI - Sex determination in Drosophila: the X-chromosomal gene liz is required for Sxl activity. AB - In Drosophila, females require products of the gene Sxl for sex determination, dosage compensation and fertility. I show here that the X-chromosomal gene liz, located in 4F1 to 4F11 and previously called fs(1)1621, provides maternal and zygotic functions necessary for Sxl activity in germ line and soma. In XX animals, the mutation SxlM1 which was reported to express the female-specific functions of Sxl constitutively can rescue all phenotypes resulting from lack of liz product. XY animals carrying SxlM1 and lacking maternal or zygotic liz activity survive as males with some female traits. A stock was constructed in which the females are liz SxlM1/liz SxlM1 and males liz SxlM1/Y. This shows that SxlM1 is not truly expressed constitutively in animals with an X:A ratio of 0.5, but requires activity of liz for initiation or maintenance. PMID- 3145198 TI - A unitary basis for different Hairy-wing mutations of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Hairy-wing (Hw) mutations are caused by modifications of the achaete-scute complex (AS-C) which promote development of extra sensory organs on the cuticle of Drosophila melanogaster. We show that the extreme Hw49c allele contains an inversion with a breakpoint within the AS-C, while the weak Hw685 allele is associated with a terminal deletion of the X chromosome which removes the achaete region of the AS-C. In both cases, foreign DNA in contact with the breakpoints presumably enhances expression of AS-C genes. Overexpression of achaete (T5) or scute alpha (T4) genes was previously found in Hw mutants associated with insertions of transposable elements (Hw1, HwBS and HwUa, Campuzano et al., 1986). In situ hybridizations to Hw49c and Hw1 larval sections show that the overexpression causes an abnormally generalized distribution of T4 and/or T5 transcripts in imaginal discs. Such distribution correlates with development of extra sensory organs in ectopic positions. We also show that in Hw685 a moderate overexpression of the T4 gene largely replaces the absence of the T5 gene in the development of the notum chaetae pattern. We propose that overexpression of T4/T5 genes in normal or ectopic positions is at the basis of the Hw effect. PMID- 3145199 TI - The Drosophila zeste protein binds cooperatively to sites in many gene regulatory regions: implications for transvection and gene regulation. AB - The Drosophila zeste protein binds in vitro to several sites in the white, Ultrabithorax, decapentaplegic, Antennapedia, and engrailed genes and to at least one site in the zeste gene itself. The distribution of these sites corresponds often with that of regulatory elements in these genes as defined by mutations or, in the case of white, by molecular analysis. A zeste binding site is frequently found in the immediate vicinity of the promoter. zeste binding sites are composed of two or more zeste recognition sequences T/CGAGT/CG. Isolated consensus sequences do not bind or footprint. Cooperative interactions are involved both in binding to a given site and between proteins bound at independent sites. zeste bound to one DNA molecule can in fact bind simultaneously to another DNA molecule. These results suggest a general role for zeste in bringing together distant regulatory elements controlling the activity of a target gene. In this model, transvection effects are a by-product of normal intragenic zeste action. PMID- 3145200 TI - The molecular genetics of Enhancer of split, a gene required for embryonic neural development in Drosophila. AB - In Drosophila, the very first steps in neurogenesis appear to be controlled by a small group of zygotically acting genes termed the neurogenic loci. Mutations in any of these genes result in a misrouting of epidermal lineages into the neural pathway. Morphological and molecular studies suggest that the correct ectodermal differentiation is mediated by a cell-cell interaction mechanism and that at least some of the neurogenic loci are involved in this mechanism. The molecular analyses of the neurogenic loci Notch and Delta revealed that the putative gene products are large transmembrane proteins with homology to mammalian epidermal growth factor. We describe here a molecular analysis of Enhancer of split [E(spl)], a third neurogenic locus, which displays striking genetic interactions with both Notch and Delta, suggesting a close functional relationship of the respective gene products. We provide evidence for a single genetic complementation group corresponding to a single transcription unit which is necessary for wild-type E(spl) function. P-element-mediated transformation indicates that this transcription unit includes functions associated with both the dominant E(spl)D mutation and the recessive visible allele groucho, and is necessary for the correct differentiation of the embryonic nervous system. PMID- 3145201 TI - Synthesis, cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of artificial genes coding for biologically active elongated precursors of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. AB - Synthetic genes coding for elongated precursors of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were synthesized and cloned in a highly efficient Escherichia coli expression vector. The synthetic genes code for VIP with its methionine (at position 17) replaced by leucine and elongated at the C-terminus by Gly (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-Gly, i.e. VIPa) or by Gly-Lys-Arg (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-Gly-Lys-Arg, i.e. VIPb). The synthetic genes fused to the N-terminal part of the E. coli beta-galactosidase gene were expressed to yield high amounts of fusion proteins reaching upon induction at least 60% of the total cellular protein. The fusion proteins of 314 and 316 amino acids carrying in their C-terminal portion either the 29 or 31 amino acids long VIP precursor polypeptide were shown to be immunoreactive with VIP antisera and were further purified and cleaved by CNBr. The resulting purified peptide precursors (VIPa and VIPb) were recognized by VIP receptors in rat liver plasma membranes and by antibodies to porcine VIP in a radioimmunoassay. Both precursors activated adenylate cyclase in rat liver membranes and stimulated pancreatic secretion in the cat. The affinity and potency of the cloned precursors is close to that of VIP purified from porcine intestine, suggesting that the elongated VIP precursors may act even without being converted into the C-terminal amide form of the peptide. The elongated VIP precursors expressed in E. coli may provide a cheap, large-scale source of experimental material for studies on VIP actions. PMID- 3145202 TI - Separation and characterization of four enzyme forms of beta-galactosidase from Saccharomyces lactis. AB - beta-Galactosidase from Saccharomyces lactis has been purified to serve as a model for the kinetic behavior of human lactase in adult lactase deficiency. Enzymes from both species are neutral and follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics. beta Galactosidase of S. lactis is more readily available than the human lactase. An enzyme preparation from S. lactis (Maxilact 40,000), which is used commercially to hydrolyze lactose in milk, has been found to contain four isozymes of beta galactosidase. Methods have been developed for the separation and purification of each of the four enzymes. The enzymes were found to differ in molecular mass, kinetic behavior, isoelectric point, response to pH, specific volume and sensitivity to metal ions. The four enzymes had apparent molecular masses of 630 kDa, 550 kDa, 41 kDa and 19 kDa. Their specificity constants (kcat/Km) were found to be 42.0, 355.2, 0.38 and 0.48 mM-1 s-1, respectively. The techniques of reiterated ultrafiltration used for the isolation of these isozymes may be applicable to other purification processes. PMID- 3145203 TI - Characterization of an inhibitor of actin polymerization in vinculin-rich fraction of turkey gizzard smooth muscle. AB - We report here on the purification and characterization of a new 25-kDa inhibitor of actin polymerization from turkey gizzard smooth muscle. The protein was purified by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyapatite, as well as by affinity chromatography on an immobilized-antibody column. The purified polypeptide reduced the low-shear viscosity of actin, apparently due to its inhibitory effect on actin polymerization. We demonstrate that this protein is largely responsible for the apparent inhibitory activity previously reported to be associated with smooth muscle vinculin preparations. Three independent monoclonal antibodies prepared against the 25-kDa inhibitor of actin polymerization can effectively adsorb the inhibiting activity of actin polymerization from the crude vinculin preparation or inhibit it. We also show here that the 25-kDa inhibitor of actin polymerization tends to undergo dimerization when maintained in non-reducing buffers, concomitant with the loss of its inhibitory activity. Immunohistochemical labeling of frozen sections, as well as immunoblotting analyzes, indicated that the 25-kDa inhibitor of actin polymerization is particularly enriched in smooth muscle cells and that its distribution is apparently homogenous throughout the cytoplasm showing no apparent enrichment in the vinculin-rich dense plaques located along the endofacial surface of the plasma membrane. PMID- 3145204 TI - The relationship between the pharmacokinetics of amrinone in the marmoset and platelet effects. AB - The pharmacokinetic characteristics of amrinone have been studied in six female marmosets following oral administration of 1, 12.5, 25, 50 and 75 mg.kg-1 and an intravenous dose of 1mg.kg-1. The mean plasma AUC0 infinity was determined at each dose level; the values obtained were 2.5, 18.7, 33.9, 103 and 312 micrograms.h.ml-1 for the oral doses of 1, 12.5, 25, 50 and 75 mg.kg-1 respectively and 1.9 micrograms.h.ml-1 for the intravenous dose of 1mg.kg-1. Mean maximum observed plasma concentrations were 0.6, 7.1, 11.7, 23.7 and 40.0 micrograms.ml-1 respectively following oral doses. Over the range 1 to 50 mg.kg-1 the AUC0 infinity was linear; at 75 mg.kg-1 the AUC0 infinity was disproportionately greater. Elimination appeared to be first order over the dose range 1 to 50 mg.kg-1 and the t1/2 in the marmoset was approximately 1 to 3 hours over this dose range. The plasma levels achieved are discussed in relation to the observed effects on the platelet population in this species following chronic administration at high dose levels. PMID- 3145205 TI - Thermochemotherapy in vivo of a C3H mouse mammary carcinoma: single fraction heat and drug treatment. AB - The interaction between water bath hyperthermia (43.5 degrees C) and six cancer chemotherapeutic agents in vivo was studied in a transplantable C3H mouse mammary carcinoma grown s.c. in the feet of C3D2F1/Bom mice. Due to differences in tumour regrowth rate between treatment groups, both tumour growth time (TGT) and specific growth delay (SGD) were used as effect parameters. The largest tumour response was observed when the drug was given 15 min prior to heat--this timing was used for dose-effect experiments. Enhancement ratios were the ratios of slopes of dose-effect curves subjected to linear regression analysis. The drug enhancement ratio (DER) was not significantly larger than 1.0 for LD 1% of adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate and vincristine. For cyclophosphamide (CTX) and mitomycin C (MMC) both DER and TER (thermal enhancement ratio) were significantly larger than 1.0. The TGT ratios (SGD ratios in parentheses) were: DER (LD 1%): CTX 1.4 +/- 0.1 (2.1 +/- 0.1), MMC 1.3 +/- 0.1 (1.4 +/- 0.1); TER (43.5 degrees C 30 min): CTX 1.6 +/- 0.1 (2.7 +/- 0.2), MMC 2.8 +/- 0.5 (3.3 +/- 0.7). The data support the choice of CTX and MMC in preference to the other drugs investigated for clinical thermochemotherapy studies. PMID- 3145206 TI - Using benefit-cost analysis in special education. PMID- 3145207 TI - Sodium valproate reduces immobility in the behavioral 'despair' test in rats. AB - The present study was conducted to investigate whether sodium valproate could affect immobility in the 'behavioral despair' test in rats. Acute (one injection), subacute (three injections) and chronic treatment with sodium valproate reduced the immobility time in this test, whereas a stimulation of motor activity in the open-field test was not observed with the same drug treatments. The anti-immobility activity of valproate was partially counteracted by the administration of bicuculline (2 mg/kg) or picrotoxin (1.4 mg/kg) before the immobility test. The data agree with previous findings from several animal models of depression of an antidepressant-like activity of GABA mimetics or agents which stimulate GABAergic function. PMID- 3145208 TI - Role of G-proteins and adenylate cyclase in antinociception produced by intrathecal purines. AB - The effects of pertussis toxin, forskolin and phosphodiesterase inhibitors on the antinociceptive action of intrathecal purines were examined to investigate the possible involvement of adenylate cyclase in spinal antinociception. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (0.25 and 0.5 microgram) inhibited the antinociceptive action of L-phenyl-isopropyladenosine (L-PIA), N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) and 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA) in the tail flick and hot plate tests. Forskolin (10-30 micrograms) reduced the effect of CHA and NECA in the hot plate test. Ro 201724 (30 micrograms) and Rolipram (20 micrograms) inhibited CHA in the tail flick and hot plate tests, but did not affect NECA in either test. These results suggest (1) spinal antinociception by purines is mediated by interactions with G-proteins (Gi linked to adenylate cyclase and/or Go linked to ion channels) (2) spinal antinociception by CHA is due to inhibition of adenylate cyclase (3) a separate mechanism, which does not involve stimulation of adenylate cyclase, may be involved in the spinal action of NECA. PMID- 3145211 TI - Aplastic anemia associated with in vitro inhibition of erythropoiesis by bone marrow-adherent cells. AB - A patient with aplastic anemia that evolved following pure red cell aplasia is described. Cultures of the patient's marrow cells revealed greatly reduced numbers of primitive (BFU-E) and relatively mature (CFU-E) erythroid progenitors, but normal numbers of multipotential (CFU-GEMM) precursors. The BFU-E/CFU-GEMM and CFU-E/BFU-E ratios in the patient's marrow cell cultures were also reduced. T cell- or antibody-mediated inhibition of in vitro erythropoiesis could not be demonstrated in this patient. However, the patient's marrow-adherent cells suppressed the growth of autologous and allogeneic BFU-E and CFU-E, without influencing the growth of CFU-GEMM. Medium conditioned by the patient's adherent cells failed to inhibit the growth of normal erythroid precursors. Our findings suggest a role for marrow-adherent cells in the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia in this patient. PMID- 3145209 TI - Human fetal dopamine neurons grafted in a rat model of Parkinson's disease: ultrastructural evidence for synapse formation using tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry. AB - Human fetal mesencephalic dopamine (DA) neurons, obtained from 6.5-9 week old aborted fetuses, were grafted to the striatum of immunosuppressed rats with 6 hydroxydopamine lesions of the ascending mesostriatal DA pathway. The effects on amphetamine-induced motor asymmetry were studied at various timepoints after grafting. At eight weeks, functional graft effects were not evident but after 11 weeks small effects on motor asymmetry could be monitored and rats tested 19-21 weeks after grafting exhibited full reversal of the lesion-induced rotational behaviour. Four rats were sacrificed at different timepoints between 8 and 20 weeks and the grafted DA neurons were studied in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemically stained sections at the light and electronmicroscopic level. The grafts contained a total of 500-700 TH-positive neurons in each rat. In one rat sacrificed 8 weeks after grafting the grafted neurons were TH-positive but exhibited virtually no fiber outgrowth. In another rat, sacrificed after 11 weeks, a sparse TH-positive fiber plexus was seen to extend into the adjacent host neostriatum. Two rats sacrificed after 20 weeks both contained TH-positive neurons that gave rise to a rich fiber network throughout the entire host neostriatum, and this fiber network was also seen to extend into the globus pallidus and nucleus accumbens. Very coarse TH-positive processes, identified as dendrites in the electron microscope, projected up to 1.5-2.0 mm from the graft into the host striatum. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that the grafted neurons had formed no TH-positive synaptic contacts with host striatal neurons after 8 weeks, and at 11 weeks some few TH-positive synapses were identified. Twenty weeks after transplantation, abundant TH-positive synaptic contacts with host neurons were seen throughout the neostriatum, and such contacts were identified in the globus pallidus as well. Thus, the present study provides tentative evidence for a time-link between the development of synaptic contacts and the appearance of functional graft effects. Similar to the normal mesostriatal DA pathway, ingrowing TH-positive axons formed symmetric synapses and were mainly seen to contact dendritic shafts and spines. However, in comparison to the normal rat striatum there was a higher incidence of TH immunoreactive boutons forming synapses onto neuronal perikarya. The TH-positive dendrites that extended into the host striatum were seen to receive non-TH immunoreactive synaptic contacts, presumably arising from the host neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3145212 TI - [Application of laser for prosthodontic use. Part I. Effects of irradiation dose on sintering for dental porcelains]. PMID- 3145210 TI - Mechanisms of hypoglycemic brain damage. Evidence against a significant role of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus system. AB - Selective lesions of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) system have recently been shown to aggravate both ischemic and epileptic brain damage. This study explores the possibility that the LC system also influences hypoglycemic brain injury. Bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the LC projection to the forebrain were found to cause no change in the degree of neuronal necrosis in the neocortex, hippocampal formation and caudate-putamen following 30 min of reversible insulin-induced hypoglycemic coma. We propose that selective neuronal necrosis in ischemia and status epilepticus is due to the action of excitatory amino acids at synaptic sites, which can be partly counteracted by noradrenaline release from inhibitory LC terminals. In hypoglycemia, excitatory amino acids probably cause brain damage via a local and more diffuse toxic effect which is not significantly influenced by the activation of the LC system. PMID- 3145213 TI - [The significance of the antihypoxic properties of etimizol in its nootropic action]. AB - The antihypoxic effects of etimizol and other nootropics are analysed on various experimental models of hypoxia and during bicycle ergometric exercise in healthy volunteers. Etimizol was shown to relieve amnesia effectively in the origin of which there is the hypoxic component (hypobaric hypoxia, actinomycin D, mechanical injury of the brain). The advantage of etimizol as compared to other nootropics with similar action (meclofenoxate, piracetam) is its high effectiveness at a single administration. PMID- 3145214 TI - [Analgesic action and pharmacokinetics of lysine acetylsalicylate administered intramuscularly]. AB - The analgesic effect, acute toxicity and pharmacokinetics of lysine acetylsalicylate (LAS), a water-soluble salt of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) were studied as compared with a 50% solution of analgin and a 4% solution of amidopyrine at intramuscular administration and ASA administered intragastrically. During inflammation-induced pain in rats LAS exerts a pronounced analgesic effect exceeding the activity of other agents. LD50 of LAS was similar to that of analgin and ASA. LAS toxicity was significantly less than that of amidopyrine. Bioavailability of ASA at intramuscular administration to rabbits was close to that at intravenous injection and significantly higher as compared with intragastric administration. PMID- 3145216 TI - [Pregnancy and rhesus conflict]. PMID- 3145215 TI - [Disulfiram and butylhydroxyanisole induction of glutathione-S- and UDP glucuronosyltransferase activities in the liver and its role in preventing the toxic action of diethylnitrosamine in rats]. AB - Pretreatment of Wistar male rats with disulfiram (DSF, 500 mg/kg, three times, orally) or butylhydroxyanisole (BHA, 400 mg/kg, three times, orally) was shown to protect animals completely against intoxication with diethylnitrosamine (DENA) in the dose equal to LD50 (280 mg/kg, once, orally). DSF and BHA were also found to produce a significant modification of the 2nd stage of metabolism of xenobiotics: to induce the activity of cytosol and microsomal glutathione-S-transferases (GST) (by 1.7 and 2 times, 2.3 and 3.1 times, respectively), the content of glutathione (by 1.6 and 2.3 times), the activity of UDP glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-GT) (by 2 and 3.2 times) but to decrease the activity of sulfotransferase (by 22 and 35%). Administration of DENA decreased the activity of GST, UDP-GT and the content of glutathione, however they remain significantly higher than the corresponding parameters in intact animals. It is concluded that the protective action of DSF and BHA is related greatly to the induction of the systems of conjugation with glutathione and UDP-glucuronic acid. PMID- 3145217 TI - 45Ca2+ uptake and peptide hormones secretion in the presence of excess Mg2+ content. AB - Studies have been performed on the relationship between PRL and GH production and the 45Ca2+ influx in high magnesium content in vitro. The obtained data show that an elevated magnesium concentration in Krebs-Ringer solution is capable of inhibiting some hormonal function of the pituitary gland. It has been found, that PRL and GH released into the media in normal KRB solution revealed nearly two times higher concentration than in the presence of high Mg2+. Instead the cellular iPRL and iGH did not show any significant differences in control and in treated cultures. The incorporation of 4.5-3H-leucine into the prolactin and growth hormone demonstrate a significant decrease in the presence of high Mg2+ indicating that the ion is able to inhibit the secretion of newly synthesized PRL an GH. High concentration of Mg2+ abolished either the stimulation effect of releasing hormones on calcium uptake. PMID- 3145218 TI - Calcium-related structural organization of glial cells cytoskeleton in vitro. AB - Experiments were performed on tissue culture of astrocytomas obtained at surgery. Dispersed cell cultures were used in this study growing directly on glass slides. In the course of experiments calcium ions (Ca2+) were added to extracellular fluid in the following concentrations: 3mg/ml--7.5 x 10(-2)M, 6mg--1.5 x 10(-1)M, and 12 mg--3.5 x 10(-1)M. No significant changes were observed in cells cultivated with two concentrations of calcium; 3 mg/ml and 6 mg/ml, only at the concentration of 12 mg/ml a disaggregation of microfilaments was revealed with the Coommassie blue R 250 staining. Introduction into the incubation medium of the ionophore A 23187 introduces dearrangement of microfilaments at all concentration of calcium used in the experiment. Additionally at the highest concentration of calcium that is at 12 mg/ml, the enhancement of staining density and thickness of glial ectoplasm could be observed and the aggregation microfilaments to thick boundles paralleled by the retraction of cell processes. It is concluded that glial cells show similar changes at elevated calcium ion concentrations with the ionophore added as observed in other cell types. PMID- 3145219 TI - [A study of the secretion capacity of TSH-beta in patients with pituitary disorders]. AB - We studied the secretion capacity of TSH-beta in 63 patients with various pituitary disorders, carrying out the observation of TSH-beta changes after TRH administration. Serum TSH-beta concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay according to the modified method of Kourides. Serum TSH concentrations were measured by immunoradiometric assay, and serum concentrations of free thyroid hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay. Basal TSH-beta concentrations were below 0.39 ng/ml in 17 patients with Acromegaly, below 0.56 ng/ml in 5 patients with Prolactinoma, below 0.68 ng/ml in 4 patients with Cushing's disease, below 0.48 ng/ml in 12 patients with non-functioning tumor, below 6.4 ng/ml in 16 patients with SITSH, and below 0.45 ng/ml in 9 patients with other pituitary diseases. TSH-beta changes after TRH administration differed from TSH changes in 4 patients (25%) with Acromegaly, in 2 patients (67%) with Prolactinoma, in 5 patients (71%) with non-functioning tumor, in one patient (33%) with Cushing's disease, in 4 patients (100%) with Rathke's cleft cyst, in one patient with suprasellar meningioma, and in one patient with suprasellar arachnoid cyst. 2 patients (67%) with Prolactinoma, 3 patients (43%) with non-functioning tumor, all 6 patients with non-neoplastic SITSH, and one patient with Rathke's cleft cyst showed exaggerated TSH-beta changes after TRH administration. In patients with some pituitary disorders, we thought the secretion and synthesis of TSH and TSH-beta differed from that of normal subjects. We concluded that it was necessary to investigate the mechanism of secretion of TSH-beta in patients with pituitary disorders. PMID- 3145220 TI - [A longitudinal study on the prognosis of ovulatory disturbance in teenage patients with high LH and normal FSH serum levels]. AB - To study the prognosis of adolescent ovulatory disturbance in patients with persistently elevated LH levels (greater than or equal to 25 mIU/ml), normal FSH levels and high LH/FSH (greater than 2.0), 17 patients aged 12-19 years were studied longitudinally for 4-9 years. These 17 patients consisted of 7 patients suffering from amenorrhea with estrogenic effect, 5 patients with functional bleeding, 3 patients with delayed menarche and 2 patients with oligomenorrhea. All of the patients showed exaggerated LH responses to 100 micrograms of LHRH administration while the FSH responses were not different from those obtained from normal women. Out of the 17 patients, 10 (58.8%) patients showed the values of testosterone and 7 (41.2%) androstenedione which were above the mean + 2SD of normal women. Consequently, the mean serum testosterone and androstenedione levels were significantly higher than those in normal women. The mean LH (36.6 +/ 8.3 mIU/ml), FSH (11.2 +/- 1.5 mIU/ml) and LH/FSH (3.3 +/- 0.8) at the age of 21.4 +/- 2.5 years were not different from the mean LH (39.9 +/- 13.3 mIU/ml), FSH (10.8 +/- 1.8 mIU/ml) and LH/FSH (3.8 +/- 1.5) at the age of 16.1 +/- 1.8 years, respectively. None of the 17 patients showed amelioration or deterioration of ovulatory disturbance during long-term observation. To further investigate the central dopamine activity, 10 mg of metoclopramide (MCP) was administered intravenously in these 17 patients. The LH and PRL responses to MCP were evaluated, and the results were compared to those obtained from 17 patients aged over 20 with PCO and from 17 normal women. The LH responses to MCP were positive in this juvenile patient group and the patients aged over 20 PCO group. However, the LH responses to MCP were negative in normal women in both the follicular and luteal phases. In contrast, the PRL responses to MCP were significantly attenuated in juvenile patients and in patients aged over 20 with PCO compared to those in normal women. Since the hormonal profiles in these 17 patients with anovulation or oligo-ovulation were very similar to those in the group aged over 20 with established PCO, it may be suggested that 1) at least part of the adult patients with PCO may have had PCO from late adolescence; 2) the majority of the patients with high LH and normal FSH levels in adolescence will suffer from ovulatory disturbance continuously; 3) in these patients, an aberration of central dopamine in control of LH and PRL may exist. PMID- 3145221 TI - [Effects of o,p'-DDD on pituitary-gonadal function in patients with Cushing's disease]. AB - O,p'-DDD has a cytotoxic action and inhibits the cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, 11 beta-hydroxylase, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase coupled with delta 5 to 4 isomerase and 21-hydroxylase of the adrenal cells. However, the effects of o,p'-DDD on gonadal steroidogenesis are still unknown. In the present study, the effects of o,p'-DDD on Plasma cortisol, pregnenolone, 17 alpha hydroxypregnenolone (17-OH-pregnenolone), progesterone, 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone (17-OH-progesterone), 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), corticosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), delta 4-androstenedione (androstenedione), estradiol, and LH and FSH were investigated in 3 patients with Cushing's disease before and after the administration of o,p'-DDD. The results are presented here. In Case 1 (18 yr old female) who had had secondary amenorrhea for 2 years, the plasma levels of cortisol, pregnenolone, 17-OH-pregnenolone, DHEA, androstenedione, testosterone, estradiol and corticosterone were elevated. The basal levels of plasma LH and FSH and the responses of both gonadotropins were lower than those of women with eumenorrhea. The plasma levels of progesterone, DHEA and testosterone decreased to normal 2 months after the beginning of the administration of o,p'-DDD. She restored menstrual cycles ranging from 40 to 50 days 3 months after the administration of o,p'-DDD, but with anovulatory bleeding. She showed a biphasic body temperature pattern with plasma progesterone and estradiol levels indicating corpus luteum formation 11 months after the start of the treatment, when plasma cortisol as well as progesterone and androgen were reduced to normal. The basal levels of FSH and LH and responses of these gonadotropins were slightly improved at that time. The plasma levels of cortisol, DHEA and androstenedione were high in Case 2 (38 yr old male) and Case 3 (45 yr old male), whereas plasma testosterone level was normal in Case 2 and low in Case 3. The plasma levels of these 3 steroids were normalized 28 days after the beginning of the o,p'-DDD administration. These results suggest that o,p'-DDD does not interfere with gonadal steroidogenesis in Cushing's disease. PMID- 3145222 TI - [Effect of penicillin and D-penicillamine on beta-galactosidase activity in patients with progressive scleroderma]. PMID- 3145223 TI - The effect of electrolytic lesions in the baso-medial-hypothalamus on the immune response of the chicken. AB - Electrolytic lesions of the baso-medial-hypothalamus (BMH) cause numerous dysfunctions of the endocrine system, many of which have been implicated in regulating immune responses. The objective of this report was to evaluate the direct effects of electrolytic lesions in the BMH on the immune response of the chicken. Our results indicate that temporary immune response impairment, as evaluated by both T and B lymphocyte related responses, occurred only in birds that expressed both brain damage and endocrine dysfunction, whereas birds expressing brain damage alone had normal immune responses. The possible regulation of immune responses by the BMH via the endocrine system is discussed. PMID- 3145224 TI - Predictive value of the FSH:LH ratio on follicular and luteal phase characteristics of the human menstrual cycle. AB - A prospective study was designed to assess the predictive value of gonadotropin measurements obtained during the early follicular phase upon the hormonal characteristics of the subsequent cycle. The data obtained in 12 normal cycles were used to compute the mean and confidence interval (mean +/- 2 SEM) of the FSH:LH ratio, FSH and LH plasma levels. The limits of the confidence intervals for these different parameters were used to classify the patients. Data of 204 patients were analysed. Low FSH:LH ratios (less than 1.34) are associated with an increase in follicular phase length (+2.4 days), a lower ovulatory rate, but neither luteal phase length nor progesterone levels differ between these two groups. When patients are classified according to FSH levels, our results show that low FSH levels (less than 2.94 mIU/ml) are associated with longer follicular (+2.6 days) and shorter (-1.1 days) luteal phase lengths, but ovulatory rate and progesterone levels in the luteal phase of the ovulatory cycles are similar to those obtained in patients of the normal or high FSH group. High LH levels (greater than 3.15 mIU/ml) are associated with a decreased ovulation rate but follicular and luteal phase characteristics are similar to those obtained in patients in the normal or low LH group. In conclusion, low FSH: LH ratios and low FSH plasma levels measured in the early follicular phase of the cycle are associated with longer follicular phase lengths; but basal gonadotropin measurements have limited predictive value on luteal phase characteristics. PMID- 3145225 TI - Receptor activation, G-protein and second-messenger cross-talk in human pituitary clonal cells. PMID- 3145226 TI - Variations of liver prolactin receptors during the estrous cycle in normal rats and in the genetically hypoprolactinemic IPL nude rat. AB - Ovine prolactin (oPRL) binding to liver membranes was studied during the estrous cycle in normal and in genetically hypoprolactinemic rats. Serum levels of hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay and prolactin (PRL) binding was determined using 125I-ovine PRL in the 100,000 X g pellet. Scatchard plots obtained were curvilinear throughout the estrous cycle in the normal rat. They were analyzed in reference to the co-operativity model and to the Hill model which give the factor delta and Hill's coefficient (nH), respectively. During the estrous cycle, delta values varied from 3.77 +/- 0.66 on the day of estrous to 13.48 +/- 1.34 on the day of proestrus at 16.00 h. At the same time, nH were 0.97 +/- 0.033 on the day of estrus and 0.72 +/- 0.025 on the day of proestrus at 16.00 h. On the other hand, the number of PRL receptors did not change significantly throughout the estrous cycle. Moreover, the dissociation of 125I oPRL from its receptor was accelerated by the presence of native ovine oPRL. These results suggest the presence of a negative co-operativity which reached a maximum on the day of proestrus in the normal rat. This co-operativity during the estrous cycle was not found in liver from genetically hypoprolactinemic (IPL nude) rats, which present a total absence of lactation. The delta values did not vary significantly and were 6.52 +/- 1.30 on the day of estrus and 4.41 +/- 0.52 on the day of proestrus at 16.00 h. The difference between the two rat strains was statistically significant on the day of proestrus at 16.00 h for both delta and nH values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145227 TI - Influence of germ cells upon Sertoli cells during continuous low-dose rate gamma irradiation of adult rats. AB - The effects of continuous gamma-irradiation of adult rats at two low-dose rates (7 cGy and 12 cGy/day; up to a total dose of 9.1 Gy and 10.69 Gy 60Co gamma-ray, respectively) were investigated. Over a period of 3-131 days of irradiation, groups of experimental and control animals were killed. Body weight, testis, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicle weights, the number of germ cells and Sertoli cells, tubular ultrastructure, epididymal and testicular levels of biologically active androgen-binding protein (ABP), and the plasma concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone were monitored. Irradiation had no effect on body weight, whereas testicular and epididymal weight began to decrease following 35 and 50 days of irradiation at 7 and 12 cGy, respectively. At 7 cGy the target cells of the gamma-rays were essentially A spermatogonia, whereas at 12 cGy A spermatogonia and preleptotene spermatocytes were primarily affected. This resulted in a progressive and sequential dose-related reduction in the number of pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids and late spermatids (LS). Under both irradiation procedures the Sertoli cell number remained unchanged whereas partial (7 cGy) or no change (12 cGy) was seen at the Leydig cell level. Whatever the irradiation protocol, from the time LS numbers decreased, vacuolisation of the Sertoli cell cytoplasm progressively occurred, followed by thickening and folding of the peritubular tissue. Moreover, in parallel to the drop in the number of these germ cell types, ABP production fell whereas FSH levels rose. A highly significant positive correlation was found between LS numbers and these Sertoli cell parameters. This study supports our previous concept of a control of certain important aspects of Sertoli cell function by late spermatids in the adult rat. PMID- 3145228 TI - Effects of gamma-interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha on thyroid cells: induction of class II antigen and inhibition of growth stimulation. AB - A functioning rat thyroid cell line (FRTL5) was used to study interactions of thyrotropin (TSH) and various cytokines on expression of class I and II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and on growth stimulation. Only gamma interferon (gamma-IFN) affected MHC antigen expression, i.e., to enhance class I, that was constitutive, and to induce class II. A concomitant, but probably not directly related, effect of gamma-IFN was to diminish growth stimulation, as effected by TSH and other activators of adenylate cyclase and measured by DNA increase and enhanced incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA. Stimulation of growth by tetradecanoylphorbol ester was also decreased by gamma-IFN. These effects of gamma-IFN were mimicked to some degree by tumor necrosis factor but there was major synergism between the two cytokines. Enhanced accumulation of cAMP by TSH and other agents was not diminished in these experiments. Flow cytometry analysis showed that inhibition of growth stimulation involved blocking of the passage of cells from the G0/1 phase to the S phase. The data may have relevance to goiter size in autoimmune thyroid disease. PMID- 3145229 TI - Sex differences in the extracellular Ca2+-independent release of LH and FSH. AB - The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of sex and estrous cycle on the manifestation of the extracellular Ca2+-independent component of gonadotropin secretion. Quartered pituitaries from male, ovariectomized (OVX) females +/- estradiol (E2) implants, and mature females at each stage of the estrous cycle were perifused with Ca2+-free medium. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion from male and OVX pituitaries was inhibited in Ca2+-free medium. In contrast, only a partial inhibition was obtained from OVX + E2 or regularly cycling female pituitaries. This extracellular Ca2+-independent component of gonadotropin secretion was lowest at estrus and increased progressively during the estrous cycle. Estradiol replacement in OVX animals resulted in a response similar to that obtained on proestrus. These results indicate that the extracellular Ca2+-independent component of LH and FSH release is only manifest from intact female and not male pituitaries, and is dependent on estradiol. PMID- 3145230 TI - Transforming growth factor beta enhances basal and FSH-stimulated inhibin production by rat granulosa cells in vitro. AB - Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) caused a dose-dependent increase in both basal and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-stimulated inhibin production by rat granulosa cells in culture. The TGF beta dose-response curve in the absence of FSH was approximately parallel to that in the presence of either a minimally effective dose (1 ng/ml) or a maximally effective dose (30 ng/ml) of FSH, suggesting an additive effect of these two agents on inhibin production. There was also a suggestion of an increased sensitivity of granulosa cell inhibin production to FSH when the cells were coincubated with TGF beta. The time course study showed that similar to FSH, the stimulatory effect of TGF beta on basal and FSH-stimulated inhibin production was evident on day 1 and was maximal by day 4. In addition, epidermal growth factor (EGF) reduced FSH-stimulated inhibin production with an ID50 value of 1.3 ng/ml. Coincubation of cells with EGF and 1 ng TGF beta/ml enhanced greatly the inhibitory action of EGF on FSH-induced inhibin production (ID50 less than 0.1 ng/ml). It is concluded that: (1) TGF beta directly stimulates inhibin production by rat granulosa cells and the combined effect with FSH was largely additive, (2) the inhibitory effect of EGF on FSH induced inhibin production was enhanced by TGF beta, (3) individual members of the TGF beta/inhibin gene family regulate ovarian function, not only by direct action on follicle cells but also indirectly by influencing the production rate of other members of that family. PMID- 3145231 TI - Passive immunoneutralization of endogenous inhibin: sex-related differences in the role of inhibin during development. AB - The purpose of these studies was to ascertain the extent to which endogenous inhibin regulates follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion at different intervals during development in the male and female rat. This was determined by examining the changes in plasma FSH that resulted from immunoneutralizing endogenous inhibin in male and female rats at different ages during development and into adulthood. Passive immunoneutralization of endogenous inhibin was achieved using specific, high titer ovine antiserum, generated against the alpha subunit of the recently described inhibin molecule. Optimal antiserum volumes and time after injection required to observe maximal changes in FSH secretion were determined in initial experiments. No clear effect of immunoneutralizing endogenous inhibin could be demonstrated on FSH secretion in female rats until 20 days of age, after the completion of the endogenous rise in FSH which occurs between days 5 and 20. Thereafter, injection of the anti-alpha-inhibin serum (anti-alpha IN) produced a progressively marked increase in plasma FSH as the age of the females increased. In male rats, injection of the anti-alpha IN serum caused an increase in FSH secretion as early as 5 days of age, although the response was more delayed at this age than at later times. The ability of the anti-alpha IN serum to increase plasma FSH was observed through 20 days of age. At 30 days of age, during the peak of the endogenous rise in plasma FSH, injection of the anti-alpha IN serum failed to further increase the already elevated levels of plasma FSH. As the endogenously high levels of FSH gradually decreased, the ability of anti-alpha IN serum to increase FSH secretion returned (40 days of age) but was diminished by 50 days of age and was completely lost by 60 days of age. The results of the present study indicate that inhibin plays an increasingly important role as a regulator of FSH secretion in the female from at least 20 days of age into adulthood. In the male, however, the role of inhibin in regulating FSH secretion, which is clearly present during early postnatal development, is apparently lost at the time of puberty. PMID- 3145232 TI - Distribution of Thyroliberin (TRH)- and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-activated adenylyl cyclase in normal and neoplastic tissue with special reference to the prostate. AB - Tissue specificity of the Thyroliberin (TRH)- and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13 acetate (TPA)-sensitive adenylyl cyclase has been studied using normal or neoplastic organ samples or cells from the pituitary gland, stomach, prostate, myocardium, liver and bone. It appeared that TRH stimulates the adenylyl cyclase in both normal (basal cells), hyperplastic and adenocarcinomatous prostate as well as in the pituitary and stomach. TPA also stimulated the enzyme from the prostate and other organs/cells, but to a greater extent in neoplastic tissue. Functional links from protein kinase C to adenylyl cyclase and from protein kinase C to tyrosine kinase/oncogene expression have been established. Hence it is believed that TRH, which stimulates the adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase C in the pituitary, may serve as a factor contributing to transformation of prostatic cells or enhanced cell proliferation in prostatic cancer. PMID- 3145233 TI - Hepatic clearance of polyethylene glycol 900 and mannitol in the pig. AB - Fluid phase markers like erythritol and mannitol have been used to study canalicular bile secretion in the liver. It has recently been suggested that these molecules cross the ductular epithelium and thereby their biliary clearance may underestimate the canalicular bile flow. In the present study, the hepatic clearance of polyethylene glycol 900 (PEG 900), a fluid phase marker that has been used in studies of the kidney, was compared to the clearance of mannitol in the pig. We found that the hepatic clearance of PEG 900 exceeded that of mannitol by a factor of 55. After intravenous bolus injections, both mannitol and PEG 900 appeared within 1 min in bile while significant proportions of inulin were seen only after 7 min. The hepatic clearances of both mannitol and PEG 900 positively correlated to the bile acid secretion rate and were not affected by secretin infusion. The high hepatic clearance of PEG 900 compared to mannitol may be explained by a higher fluid flux into the canaliculi than previously estimated and a continuous ductular reabsorption of fluid and mannitol. Another possibility is an active transcellular vesicular transport of this molecule--an explanation that is not supported by the immediate appearance of PEG 900 in bile following an intravenous bolus injection nor by the finding that hepatic clearance of labeled PEG was not affected by a load of unlabeled marker. PMID- 3145234 TI - Efficient one-step selection of hepatoma cell variants of a variety of phenotypes by use of aflatoxin B1. AB - We have developed a method to select for rat hepatoma cells that fail to express hepatocyte-specific functions. Well-differentiated cells descended from the H4IIEC3 hepatoma line express aldrin epoxidase (AE) activity, an indicator of the liver-specific forms of cytochromes P450 and, concurrently, are able to activate the procarcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) into highly toxic metabolites. Thus, differentiated hepatoma cells are highly sensitive to AFB1, while dedifferentiated derivatives, which fail to express AE activity, are resistant. Exposure of differentiated Fao cells to 10 microM AFB1 for 24 h permits the isolation, at a frequency of 5 x 10(-5), of resistant colonies that exhibit strongly reduced AE activity. Strikingly, various morphological types can be observed. In more than 90% of the colonies, cells are morphologically similar to the original differentiated cells and accumulate all liver-specific mRNAs examined in amounts comparable to Fao cells. Moreover, they are able to carry out gluconeogenesis, as judged by their capacity to grow in glucose-free medium. For a minor fraction of colonies, the cells exhibit nonhepatic morphology. These cells fail to express three or more of the liver functions and are not able to proliferate in glucose-free medium. Our results demonstrate that the use of AFB1 constitutes a simple and efficient single-step selective method for obtaining variant hepatoma cells of a wide variety of phenotypes. PMID- 3145235 TI - [Trace elements in medical practice]. PMID- 3145236 TI - [The antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: a new clinical and therapeutic viewpoint in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3145237 TI - [Use of human growth hormone obtained by genetic engineering]. PMID- 3145238 TI - [Elemental diet in the initial recovery from severe malnutrition]. PMID- 3145239 TI - Genetic factors influencing apolipoprotein AI and AII levels in a kindred with premature coronary heart disease. AB - A single 51-member kindred, ascertained on the basis of a normotriglyceridemic proband with depressed high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and myocardial infarctions at ages 40 and 42, was studied with respect to quantitative variation in HDL-C and apolipoprotein (apo) AI and AII levels. The results of bivariate segregation analysis suggest that the etiology of depressed HDL-C involves one or possibly two major loci: one has a pleiotropic effect on apo AI and apo AII levels and, possibly another one that affects apo AI levels. Both the major loci were characterized as having a dominant allele leading to depression of the respective trait(s). In addition, analysis of the cosegregation of HDL-C and apo AI levels gave evidence of residual nonfamilial factors common to both traits, leading to a positive covariance between them. This could reflect the role of apo AI in the transformation of nascent HDL-C particles into mature ones via its cofactor activity to lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase. The proposed two-locus model represents one possible etiology for the heterogeneous disorder of hypoalphalipoproteinemia. This analysis of a single pedigree does not completely define the genetic mechanism, but it does illustrate a useful new analytic approach. PMID- 3145240 TI - Localization of the 68,000-Da human neurofilament gene (NF68) using a murine cDNA probe. AB - A recent investigation, using a human genomic probe, has indicated that the 68,000 dalton neurofilament gene (NF68) is on the short arm of chromosome 8. We have used a murine cDNA probe on 65 metaphase spreads in situ to localize the human NF68 gene to 8p21 (20/370 grains; p less than 0.0001). In addition, we have found secondary hybridization sites at the centromeric region of chromosome 2 and the long arm of chromosome 7, which are putative loci for other intermediate filaments. PMID- 3145241 TI - The scid gene encodes a trans-acting factor that mediates the rejoining event of Ig gene rearrangement. AB - Homozygous mutation at the scid locus in the mouse impairs lymphoid development and results in animals deficient in B and T cells. We found that immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangement was blocked at the D-JH stage in Abelson transformed scid pre-B cell lines. Examination of the recombinational junctions indicated that the correct gene elements (D and JH) were assembled, as shown by the presence of D region and JH-region DNA on the breakpoint restriction fragments cloned from the genome of the scid cell lines. All rearrangement events were accompanied by deletions of varying sizes such that none of the rearrangements resulted in the production of functional immunoglobulins. The breakpoints of the rearrangement events did not correspond to the utilization of a novel heptamer-nonamer recombination signal but probably arose by nonspecific deletion from distal JH and D heptamer-nonamer signals in the process of recombination. scid pre-B cell lines were infected with a recombinant retrovirus (DGR) containing Ig joining signals. Aberrant rearrangements were observed in DGR DNA that was integrated randomly throughout the mouse genome, which suggested that the mutation in scid mice encodes a trans-acting factor that is part of the lymphoid gene recombination machinery. PMID- 3145242 TI - Fusion between human and Drosophila melanogaster cells induced by polyethylene glycol. AB - Polyethylene glycol was used to induce interspecific somatic cell fusion between human fibroblasts (stock F6) and Drosophila melanogaster cells from established cell lines (Cl 82 and 11 P102), characterized by different ploidy levels. The present investigation defines some parameters for Drosophila cell fusion and interspecific fusion between Drosophila and human cells. The cytological analysis provided evidence of spontaneous as well as induced human-Drosophila heterokaryon formation. The presence in the same cell of two types of nuclei, distinguishable because of their different size and morphology, was confirmed autoradiographically by 3H-thymidine pre-labelling of Drosophila cells. Furthermore, the retained DNA synthetic activity and some examples of mitotic figures of both types of nuclei in the heterokaryons indicate the viability of the fused cells. PMID- 3145243 TI - Free radicals play little role in the conversion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1 carboxylic acid to ethylene in carnation membrane fraction. AB - The role of free radicals in the conversion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to ethylene by a membrane-bound enzyme from carnation petals was studied. The membrane preparation oxidized ACC more effectively than it oxidized cyclopropaneamine or 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid (KMB). All these substrates were oxidized chemically by NaOCl to ethylene very effectively. Free radicals generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system oxidized KMB far more effectively than it oxidized ACC; only 0.004% of the ACC included in the reaction mixture was oxidized in 1 h, compared with 0.9% of the KMB. Conversion of ACC to ethylene by the membrane-bound enzyme was inhibited by Co2+, ATP and EDTA, while the inhibition of the oxidation of KMB by the same inhibitors was much less pronounced. These results suggest that ACC, the natural immediate precursor of ethylene, is specifically oxidized by the membrane-bound enzyme rather than through a nonspecific oxidation by free radicals. PMID- 3145244 TI - Prevention of toxic effects of cyclosporin on pancreatic B-cells of rats by Rioprostil, a new prostaglandin analogue. AB - Cyclosporin 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg bw was given to rats once daily intragastrically and caused a dose dependent, significant decrease of glucose dependent insulin release from the arterially perfused isolated pancreas, without affecting animal behaviour, weight gain, microscopic appearances of the pancreas, or kidney function. Subcutaneous injection of a new synthetic prostaglandin analogue Rioprostil 7.5 micrograms/kg bw twice daily completely prevented the effect of cyclosporin 5 mg/kg bw and protected significantly against the effects of cyclosporin 10 and 20 mg/kg bw. PMID- 3145246 TI - Reduction of mutagenicity and toxicity of aflatoxin B1 by chlorine gas treatment. AB - Chlorine gas was used to treat aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The time-related exposure study showed that 4 ml (15 mg) pure chlorine gas caused about 90% destruction of 100 micrograms AFB1 within 10 min, at standard temperature and pressure. Four fluorescent reaction products were produced, two of which were identified as 8,9 dichloro-AFB1 and 8,9-dihydroxy-AFB1 (diol). The use of [14C]AFB1 confirmed the 90% destruction of the compound by chlorine gas. An increased destruction of AFB1 also occurred when an increased amount of chlorine gas was used. The mutagenic activity of the AFB1 sample treated for 10 min was reduced to about 5% of the untreated control using the Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 in the presence of a rat-liver S-9 mix. A similar time-related reduction in AFB1 toxicity after chlorine treatment was also achieved using the chicken embryo toxicity assay. PMID- 3145245 TI - Treatment of end stage chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction by subtotal enterectomy and home parenteral nutrition. AB - Three cases are described of end stage chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction successfully treated by subtotal enterectomy and home parenteral nutrition (HPN). In all three patients prior use of drugs to stimulate gastrointestinal motility, antibiotics to suppress bacterial overgrowth and surgical bypass of dilated bowel had failed to alleviate the symptoms of chronic intestinal obstruction. Similarly parenteral nutrition combined with restriction of oral intake, although improving nutrition did not relieve symptoms. The treatment of end stage chronic pseudo obstruction should relieve intestinal obstruction and correct nutritional deficiency. In our experience this is best achieved by subtotal enterectomy, restoration of continuity by end-to-end anastomosis and total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3145247 TI - [Ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis. 2: Prospective long-term study of 21 patients]. PMID- 3145248 TI - The marmoset B-lymphoblastoid cell line (B95-8) produces and responds to B-cell growth and differentiation factors: role of shed CD23 (sCD23). AB - The EBV-producing marmoset B-cell line (B95-8), commonly used as a source of EBV for stimulation and transformation of human B cells, was shown to proliferate in response to supernatants containing human B-cell growth factors (BCGF) derived from PHA-activated T cells or the KG-la cell line, and to a commercial low molecular weight BCGF (BCGFlow), but not to recombinant human IL-4 (rhIL-4). In this respect, B95-8 responded in much the same way as human EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). In contrast, B95-8 did not secrete immunoglobulin in response to B-cell differentiation factor (BCDF) containing supernatants from the KG-la cell line, nor to BCGFlow, or IL-6 obtained from the T24 bladder carcinoma cell line, whereas significant responses were obtained with human EBV-transformed LCL. Both B95-8 and control EBV-transformed human LCL secreted BCGF and BCDF detected with the indicator B-cell lines CESS, L4, and HFB1, but only the human LCL secreted BCGF detectable in co-stimulation assays with TPA-activated tonsillar B cells. Unlike EBV-transformed LCL, B95-8 did not express detectable surface CD23, and did not release into the culture medium soluble CD23 (sCD23) recognized by an EIA for the human molecule. Although not releasing detectable sCD23, B95-8 cells did proliferate in response to purified human sCD23, and were found to be 1000 times more sensitive in this assay than EBV-transformed LCL. This may provide a basis for a sensitive bioassay for sCD23. Unlike EBV-transformed LCL, it seems that in vitro proliferation of B95-8 may involve an autocrine loop which does not depend on CD23. PMID- 3145249 TI - Co-operative effect of MCF and MAF(IFN-gamma) in the protection of mice against Listeria monocytogenes. AB - The effects of macrophage chemotactic factor (MCF) and macrophage-activating factor (MAF) on protection to Listeria monocytogenes were analysed using 'MCF rich fraction' and murine recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma). Recombinant IFN-gamma showed no macrophage chemotactic activity in the assays performed in vitro and in vivo. Although a single injection of either MCF-rich fraction or rIFN-gamma into the footpads of mice led to a significant degree of anti listerial activity, the highest degree of protection was observed when injected together. The i.v. administration of 20,000 U rIFN-gamma did not raise significant protective activity against Listeria; however, injection with rIFN gamma prior to that with the MCF-rich fraction into the footpad produced a higher level of protective activity than the group treated with MCF alone. In addition to MAF(IFN-gamma), MCF seems to play another important role in the full expression of protection against L. monocytogenes. PMID- 3145250 TI - Differential correlates of nutritional status in Kinshasa, Zaire. AB - In an effort to search for causes of malnutrition in the urban environment to guide intervention efforts, a study of more than 2000 mother/child pairs was conducted in Kinshasa, Zaire. Under the auspices of the Zairian National Nutrition Planning Center a representative sample of a large lower class urban population was interviewed at two points in time. One phase covered morbidity and nutritional status measurements for all children under five years of age. A second phase examined a complex set of socioeconomic and behavioural variables possibly linked to nutritional outcomes for a 20% sample of the households. After merging the data sets bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed twice, using the youngest child and the household as the unit of analysis respectively. Results showed that different complexes of variables predicted malnutrition as measured by three separate anthropometric measures. For so-called acute malnutrition (weight-for-height) morbidity, migration, and diarrhoeal knowledge, all emerged as significant predictors. Chronic malnutrition (height-for-age), however, was only significantly predicted by zone of residence, a level of living score, and recent morbidity when all major variables were considered in the regression model. Factors that were significant predictors of each of these two indices also were predictors of the third nutritional indicator, weight-for-age. Birth interval also was associated with this index. The findings here suggest more careful scrutiny of the nature, causes, interpretation and use of these widely accepted measures of nutritional status. PMID- 3145251 TI - Conformational studies on host-guest peptides containing chiral alpha-methyl alpha-amino acids. Comparison of the helix-inducing potential of alpha aminoisobutyric acid, (S)-2-ethylalanine and (S)-2-methylserine. AB - The conformational behaviour of host-guest peptides of the type Ac-Ala-Xxx-Ala Ala-Xxx-Ala-Ala-Xxx-Ala-Ala-NH-PEGM (Xxx = alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), (S) 2-ethylalanine ((S)-Iva), (S)-2-methylserine ((S)-alpha-MeSer)) has been studied by CD spectroscopy in CF3CH2OH, CH3OH, and water and by i.r. spectroscopy in CHCl3 and in the solid state. In this way the relative helix-inducing potential of the two chiral alpha-methyl-alpha-amino acids (S)-Iva and (S)-alpha-MeSer could be established in comparison to the strong helix-former Aib. The results show that (S)-Iva exerts a comparable helix-inducing effect as Aib, making this amino acid a valuable complementary tool for the stabilization or induction of helices. No significant helix-promoting effect was observed for (S)-alpha-MeSer in polar solvents; however, the i.r.-spectroscopic data in CHCl3 and in the solid state point to a helical conformation under these conditions. Possible reasons for the different behaviour of (S)-Iva and (S)-alpha-MeSer are briefly discussed. PMID- 3145252 TI - Synthesis of the bis-cystinyl-fragment 225-232/225'-232' of the human IgGl hinge region. AB - In human IgGl the two heavy chains are crosslinked in the central portion of the molecule by two disulfide bridges forming a double chain bis-cystinyl cyclic peptide in parallel alignment. For our synthetic studies we have chosen the sequence portion 225-232/225'-232', i.e. [H-Thr-C1ys-Pro-Pro-C1ys-Pro-Ala-Pro OH]2. By the use of a combination of the S-tert.-butylthio and the S acetamidomethyl groups selective cysteine pairings in two successive steps produced the hinge hexadecapeptide in parallel and antiparallel alignment as homogeneous and well characterized compounds. Thiol disulfide interchange experiments on the antiparallel dimer led to over 90% conversion to the parallel isomer. Similarly random air-oxidation was found to generate again mainly the parallel dimer, thus strongly suggesting that this sequence portion contains sufficient structural information for a correct assembly of the two heavy chains of immunoglobulins without decisive contribution of a protein disulfide isomerase. PMID- 3145253 TI - Gonadotropin deficiency in Tourette's syndrome: a preliminary communication. AB - Plasma baseline levels of gonadotropins and sex steroids were measured in 17 patients with Tourette's Syndrome (TS). In addition, a Gonadotropin Stimulation test, using a synthetic Gonadotropin releasing factor analogue (GnRH, 100 micrograms, i.v.), was performed in 7 patients. Plasma levels of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) were uniformly low in all patients, while those of Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH) and sex steroids were less depressed in some patients and in the normal range in others. In all patients, stimulation with GnRH analogue produced a marked rise in LH levels, but the FSH responses were much less dramatic and did not significantly exceed that of normal controls. Our findings indicate reduced gonadotropin release in patients with TS, and support the hypothesis of hypothalamic involvement in the disease. PMID- 3145254 TI - Acute effects of centrophenoxine short term administration on counting behavior in rats. AB - This experiment assessed the effects of Centrophenoxine on counting behavior in rats. Intraperitoneal Centrophenoxine injections were given to rats before training on a 20-fixed-consecutive-number schedule of reinforcement. The primary measure was the number of consecutive lever presses. After Centrophenoxine injections, the number of consecutive lever presses was lower relative to baseline measures. The measures of variability indicated that although the consecutive number of responses was lower this could not be accounted for in terms of run length variability. The behavioral pattern produced by the injections was discussed in terms of possible shortterm physiological effects that affect performance. PMID- 3145255 TI - Spontaneous renal disease in laboratory animals. PMID- 3145256 TI - Relative fertility and mutation rate in neurofibromatosis. PMID- 3145257 TI - Chemical modification of the antitumor antibiotic glidobactin. AB - A variety of glidobactin analogs modified at the fatty acid, L-threonine and nucleus moieties of the molecule were synthesized and their structure-activity relationships examined. The antitumor and antifungal activity was greatly influenced by modification of the fatty acid glidobactin, with the dodecanoyl and tetradecanoyl analogs exhibiting better antitumor activity than the parent antibiotics. Replacement of the L-threonine with other amino acids greatly reduced the activity and reduction of the double bond of the nucleus completely eliminated the biological activity of glidobactin. PMID- 3145258 TI - Structure-activity relationships of virginiae butanolide C, an inducer of virginiamycin production in Streptomyces virginiae. AB - Virginiae butanolide C, [2-(1'-hydroxyhexyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)butanolide (3)], is one of the inducers of virginiamycin production in Streptomyces virginiae. Various racemic analogues were synthesized, and their effectiveness in virginiamycin induction was studied. Among analogues having a series of C-2 side chains, those with 1'-hydroxyheptyl or 1'-hydroxyoctyl moiety were most effective with a minimum effective concentration of 0.8 ng/ml. At the same length of C-2 side chain, a 2,3-cis analogue was 10-fold more active than a 2,3-trans analogue, and the 2,3-trans analogue was 10-fold more active than an analogue having a 1' ketoalkyl moiety at C-2 (A-factor type analogue). Methoxylation or deletion of either one of the two hydroxy groups in virginiae butanolide C analogues caused a 100 to 1,000-fold decrease in activity, thus indicating the importance of the two hydroxy groups in virginiamycin induction. PMID- 3145259 TI - Glidobactins D, E, F, G and H; minor components of the antitumor antibiotic glidobactin. PMID- 3145260 TI - General effects of hyperosmolar agents on the endolymphatic sac. AB - The effects of glycerol, urea and mannitol on the structure of the murine endolymphatic sac were investigated at various time intervals after their administration. Within 15 min after administration of glycerol and urea the lumen of the endolymphatic sac was partially collapsed and the density of its contents was increased. At the same time many light epithelial cells displayed abundant intracytoplasmic granules containing floccular and/or lamellar material. A similar type of material was observed in the lumen in close proximity to these cells. This suggested that macromolecular substances were secreted into the endolymphatic sac lumen from these cells. Mannitol induced similar changes, though less pronounced. It is proposed that the changes in the endolymphatic sac following systemic administration of hyperosmolar substances reflect an ability of the endolymphatic sac to compensate for endolymphatic volume and pressure changes caused by these agents. PMID- 3145262 TI - Development and validation of a prediction equation estimating heat production by carbon dioxide entry rate technique. AB - A series of experiments was conducted to validate the CO2 entry rate technique (CERT) for prediction of heat production (HP) of sheep. Finnsheep cross wethers were used. Carbon dioxide production was estimated by continuous infusion of NaH14CO3 intraperitoneally and collection of saliva. Times required for 14C to equilibrate with the body CO2-bicarbonate pool and excretion of 14C in feces and urine were determined in four wethers (45.5 +/- 1.7 kg) infused for 3 d. Retention of radioactivity was measured for wethers (29.0 +/- 1.9 kg) slaughtered 3 h and 3, 10 and 15 d postinfusion. Using an indirect respiration calorimeter, CO2 production estimates were compared to values derived by CERT for six wethers (45.0 +/- .4 kg) fed at low, medium and high levels of intake. Further data on feed intake level and CO2 production were obtained from 24 wethers in two weight groups (29.5 +/- 1.1 and 42.3 +/- 1.4 kg) fed at three levels of intake. From 12 to 20 h were required for equilibration of NaH14CO3 and the body CO2-bicarbonate pool. Radioactivity of the saliva samples declined rapidly after cessation of infusion. Fecal and urine excretion of 14C was minimal. No detectable 14C was found in tissue of animals slaughtered after CERT. Estimates of daily CO2 production did not differ between the calorimetry and CERT measurements (20.6 vs 20.3 liters/kg body weight .75). Although feed intake levels were different, HP and respiratory quotients (RQ) did not differ between the methods. In the second calorimetry experiment, feed intake level was correlated with estimated HP. Respiratory quotient values did not differ among intake levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145261 TI - Effect of age and norgestomet on endocrine parameters and production of embryos in superovulated beef cows. AB - Effects of age of cow and a norgestomet (N) implant on number of embryos and endocrine responses to induction of superovulation were studied in old (greater than 12 yr) and young (5 to 7 yr) lactating beef cows. Seventeen cows (8 old and 9 young) received a 6-mg N ear implant on d 4 or 5 of the cycle (d 0 = estrus); the remaining 17 cows (9 old and 8 young) served as untreated controls (C). All animals were treated with 38 mg of porcine follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH-P) in decreasing dosages over a 4.5-d period beginning on d 10 or 11. Regression of the corpus luteum was induced with injections of PGF2 alpha at 0800 and 2000 on d 4 of FSH-P treatment; implants were removed at the second injection of PGF2 alpha. Cows were inseminated artificially 12 and 24 h after onset of estrus. Embryos were collected on d 7 or 8 postinsemination. Blood samples were obtained daily at 0800 from 2 d prior to initiation of treatment with FSH-P until collection of embryos. An additional sample was collected each day at 2000, from the first injection of PGF2 alpha to 1 d after onset of estrus. Samples were assayed for luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P4), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol-17 beta (E2). Total number of embryos plus ova recovered was lower (P less than .01) in N-treated (5.2 +/- 1.1) than in C treated (10.6 +/- 1.6) cows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145263 TI - A comparative study of the cutaneous microflora of normal feet with low and high levels of odour. AB - A comparison of the cutaneous microflora found on normal feet with varying levels of odour has been made. High population densities of staphylococci and aerobic coryneform bacteria predispose to foot odour. There was no association between odour and the carriage on feet of any particular micro-organism, including brevibacteria. All organisms isolated were screened for exoenzyme activity. Only staphylococci produced lipase (78% of the staphylococci), whereas 97% of micrococci, 68% of aerobic coryneform bacteria, 25% of staphylococci and 94% of propionibacteria produced proteinase. The ability to degrade callous was exhibited by 47% of micrococci, 24% of aerobic coryneforms and 17% of the staphylococci. Feet with high odour had significantly higher population densities of micro-organisms with the ability to produce these exoenzymes than feet with low odour. No association was observed between foot odour and the carriage of micro-organisms capable of producing methanethiol. A hypothesis for the role of micro-organisms in the production of foot odour is proposed. PMID- 3145264 TI - Tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 3145265 TI - Activity of beta-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa as studied by HPLC. AB - Mutants with increased resistance were selected from a clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using ceftazidime, piperacillin and carbenicillin. The MICs of these antibiotics and of ticarcillin were determined for the parent strain and for the selected mutants. Subsequently, cell-free extracts of the strains were prepared and the rates of hydrolysis of several beta-lactam substrates by the extracts were determined by HPLC procedures. It appeared possible to determine beta-lactamase activities in the crude cell extracts at the low substrate concentrations which may be attainable in the periplasm of Gram negative bacteria. It is concluded that the increased drug MICs for mutants selected with ceftazidime or piperacillin, but not for those selected with carbenicillin, were caused by increased chromosomal beta-lactamase activity. PMID- 3145266 TI - Subpopulations of variants resistant to imipenem in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Selection and regrowth of resistant variants, which were present in low frequencies in the initial inoculum, was seen when large inocula of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were incubated with imipenem. The selective growth of resistant variants resulted in an inoculum effect, and an increase in MIC with longer incubation. When large inocula taken from strains that had been classified as sensitive in conventional MIC determinations were incubated with 4, 8 and 16 mg/l imipenem, 62%, 24% and 10%, respectively, of the strains regrew. None of the resistant variants thereby selected showed cross resistance to other beta-lactam antibiotics or aminoglycosides. In vitro evaluation of regrowth of resistant variants may be justified when choosing imipenem for therapy in the treatment of serious P. aeruginosa infections. PMID- 3145267 TI - Interaction between piperacillin and pefloxacin or amikacin on the selection of resistant mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants were selected with piperacillin, pefloxacin, amikacin and the combinations pefloxacin-piperacillin and amikacin-piperacillin. With amikacin and the piperacillin-amikacin combination no mutants were selected. With piperacillin (1-32 x MIC) mutants resistant to carboxypenicillins, ureidopenicillins, monobactam and cephalosporins were selected. With pefloxacin, three different types of mutant were observed which showed different patterns of cross-resistance to pefloxacin, sulphonamides, imipenem, piperacillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics. With the pefloxacin-piperacillin association, mutants similar to one of the types selected by pefloxacin alone and resistant to both of the selective antibiotic were predominantly obtained. No mutants were selected with this combination if one of the antibiotics was used at a concentration equal to its MIC for the wild type strain and the other at concentrations above 4 x MIC. Since the association of piperacillin and pefloxacin was only moderately bactericidal against the predominantly cross-resistant mutant selected, the concentration of these antibiotics may have to be carefully controlled to prevent the emergence of such mutants. PMID- 3145268 TI - Antibiotic interaction and diffusion through alginate and exopolysaccharide of cystic fibrosis-derived Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The interaction of five anti-pseudomonas antibiotics with both commercial and pseudomonas alginates was studied by investigation of their binding and diffusion characteristics. The two sources of alginate were qualitatively but not quantitatively similar in these respects. Unlike the beta-lactams, gentamicin and tobramycin bound avidly to both sources of alginate and, when the alginate gel to antibiotic ratio was high, the aminoglycosides exhibited diffusion coefficients which were approximately 20% of the beta-lactam values. At much lower ratios of alginate to antibiotic the aminoglycosides caused precipitation in the alginate with apparent disruption of the gel structure, and ultimately penetrated the gel at a faster rate than the beta-lactams. The strong aminoglycoside binding to alginate was reduced, but not eliminated by the presence of physiological concentrations of salts. PMID- 3145269 TI - Influence of cefaclor, phenethicillin, co-trimoxazole and doxycycline on colonization resistance in healthy volunteers. AB - The influence of oral administration of cefaclor, phenethicillin, co-trimoxazole and doxycycline on colonization resistance (CR) of the oropharynx and colon in healthy volunteers was studied. Antimicrobial agents were administered in a randomized cross-over design. No effect on CR of the oropharynx could be demonstrated. Phenethicillin decreased CR of the colon against Enterobacteriaceae (P = 0.001). Co-trimoxazole significantly decreased the concentration of Enterobacteriaceae in faeces (P = 0.03) but the decrease caused by cefaclor and doxycycline did not reach statistical significance. Administration of antimicrobial agents increased the appearance of secondary colonization by Enterobacteriaceae in faeces, especially when Escherichia coli was eliminated. During administration of phenethicillin, secondary colonization occurred at a concentration exceeding 10(7)/g in some volunteers. Following administration of cefaclor, co-trimoxazole and doxycycline, elimination of E. coli may result in the substitution by resistant Gram-negative bacilli in low concentrations. PMID- 3145270 TI - Mupirocin in polyethylene glycol base is not suitable for application to burns. PMID- 3145271 TI - Transferable mupirocin-resistance. PMID- 3145272 TI - Pirenzepine prevents diethyl pyrocarbonate inhibition of central CO2 sensitivity. AB - Application by pledget of the M1-antimuscarinic receptor agent pirenzepine (40 mM) to the rostral chemosensitive areas of the ventrolateral medulla in anesthetized, paralyzed, vagotomized, glomectomized, and servoventilated cats inhibited the slope of the integrated phrenic response to CO2 by 32.5% (P less than 0.03) and the maximum value by 21.1% (P less than 0.01). Similar application of the imidazole-histidine blocking agent diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) decreased the slope by 40.3% (P less than 0.01) and the maximum value by 29.3% (P less than 0.05). Both responses confirm previous results. DEPC treatment decreased the effectiveness of subsequent pirenzepine application such that although slope and maximum were further decreased, the values were not significantly different from those after DEPC. Pirenzepine treatment prevented any subsequent DEPC inhibitory effect. The results raise the possibility that the inhibitory effects of DEPC on CO2 chemosensitivity are via muscarinic receptors and that muscarinic receptor involvement in CO2 chemosensitivity requires the presence of imidazole-histidine. Analysis by scintillation counting of successive 100-micron sections of medulla after rostral area application of [3H]pirenzepine indicated that the pirenzepine and DEPC effects are most probably within 2.0 mm of the ventral surface as measured from the midline, well away from the dorsal and ventral respiratory group neurons. PMID- 3145273 TI - Gain of the ventilatory exercise stimulus: definition and meaning. AB - The ratio G = delta VE/delta VCO2 where delta VA is change in ventilation and delta VCO2 is change in CO2 production, is often used to quantitate the ventilatory response to exercise and is the overall system gain (G). However, the actual variable of interest often is the gain for the exercise stimulus (GEX). Exercise stimulus refers to a stimulus or group of stimuli other than the mean levels of arterial PO2 (PaCO2), PCO2 (PaCO2), and pH (pHa) that act to increase ventilation during exercise. GEX will be equal to G only if the response to exercise is precisely isocapnic, normoxic, and without metabolic acidosis. A mathematical model was used to examine the relationship between G and GEX when 1) the response to exercise is not strictly isocapnic and 2) when the resting PaCO2 is shifted away from its normal value. It was found that 1) when the exercise response was not strictly isocapnic, G was a poor estimate of GEX and 2) when resting PaCO2 was changed while GEX wa assumed to remain constant, G was a function of the resting PaCO2. However, this dependence of G on resting PaCO2 is a system property that was caused by the nonlinear properties of the gas exchange processes and was not a fundamental property of the controller. It is concluded that G may not always be a good estimate of GEX and may lead to incorrect conclusions concerning the nature of the exercise stimulus. PMID- 3145274 TI - Muscle glycogen storage after different amounts of carbohydrate ingestion. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether the rate of muscle glycogen storage could be enhanced during the initial 4-h period postexercise by substantially increasing the amount of the carbohydrate consumed. Eight subjects cycled for 2 h on three separate occasions to deplete their muscle glycogen stores. Immediately and 2 h after exercise they consumed either 0 (P), 1.5 (L), or 3.0 g glucose/kg body wt (H) from a 50% glucose polymer solution. Blood samples were drawn from an antecubital vein before exercise, during exercise, and throughout recovery. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis immediately, 2 h, and 4 h after exercise. Blood glucose and insulin declined significantly during exercise in each of the three treatments. They remained below the preexercise concentrations during recovery in the P treatment but increased significantly above the preexercise concentrations during the L and H treatments. By the end of the 4 h-recovery period, blood glucose and insulin were still significantly above the preexercise concentrations in both treatments. Muscle glycogen storage was significantly increased above the basal rate (P, 0.5 mumol.g wet wt-1.h-1) after ingestion of either glucose polymer supplement. The rates of muscle glycogen storage, however, were not different between the L and H treatments during the first 2 h (L, 5.2 +/- 0.9 vs. H, 5.8 +/- 0.7 mumol.g wet wt 1.h-1) or the second 2 h of recovery (L, 4.0 +/- 0.9 vs. H, 4.5 +/- 0.6 mumol.g wet wt-1. h-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145275 TI - Factors influencing hydrogen ion concentration in muscle after intense exercise. AB - To assess the importance of factors influencing the resolution of exercise associated acidosis, measurements of acid-base variables were made in nine healthy subjects after 30 s of maximal exercise on an isokinetic cycle ergometer. Quadriceps muscle biopsies (n = 6) were taken at rest, immediately after exercise, and at 3.5 and 9.5 min of recovery; arterial and femoral venous blood were sampled (n = 3) over the same time. Intracellular and plasma inorganic strong ions were measured by neutron activation and ion-selective electrodes, respectively; lactate concentration ([La-]) was measured enzymatically, and plasma PCO2 and pH were measured by electrodes. Immediately after exercise, intracellular [La-] increased to 47 meq/l, almost fully accounting for a reduction in intracellular strong ion difference ([SID]) from 154 to 106 meq/l. At the same time, femoral venous PCO2 increased to 100 Torr and plasma [La-] to 9.7 meq/l; however, plasma [SID] did not change because of a concomitant increase in inorganic [SID] secondary to increases in [K+], [Na+], and [Ca2+]. During recovery, muscle [La-] fell to 26 meq/l by 9.5 min; [SID] remained low (101 and 114 meq/l at 3.5 and 9.5 min, respectively) due almost equally to the elevated [La-] (30 and 26 meq/l) and reductions in [K+] (from 142 meq/l at rest to 123 and 128 meq/l). Femoral venous PCO2 rose to 106 Torr at 0.5 min postexercise and fell to resting values at 9.5 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145276 TI - Role of lungs and inactive muscle in acid-base control after maximal exercise. AB - The pulmonary responses and changes in plasma acid-base status occurring across the inactive forearm muscle were examined after 30 s of intense exercise in six male subjects exercising on an isokinetic cycle ergometer. Arterial and deep forearm venous blood were sampled at rest and during 10 min after exercise; ventilation and pulmonary gas exchange variables were measured breath by breath during exercise and recovery. Immediately after exercise, ventilation and CO2 output increased to 124 +/- 17 1/min and 3.24 +/- 0.195 l/min, respectively. The subsequent decrease in CO2 output was slower than the decrease in O2 intake (half time of 105 +/- 15 and 47 +/- 4 s, respectively); the respiratory exchange ratio was greater than 1.0 throughout the 10 min of recovery. Arterial plasma concentrations of Na+, K+, and Ca2+ increased transiently after exercise. Arterial lactate ion concentration ([La-]) increased to 14-15 meq/l within 1.5 min and remained at this level for the rest of the study. Throughout recovery there was a positive arteriovenous [La-] difference of 4-5 meq/l, associated with an increase in the arteriovenous strong ion difference ([SID]) and by a large increase in the venous Pco2 and [HCO3-]. These findings were interpreted as indicating uptake of La- by the inactive muscle, leading to a fall in the muscle [SID] and increase in plasma [SID], associated with an increase in muscle PCO2. The venoarterial CO2 content difference was 38% greater than could be accounted for by metabolism of La- alone, suggesting liberation of CO2 stored in muscle, possibly as carbamate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145277 TI - Lobar contribution to VA/Q inequality during constant-flow ventilation. AB - Previous studies have shown that normal arterial PCO2 can be maintained during apnea in anesthetized dogs by delivering a continuous stream of inspired ventilation through cannulas aimed down the main stem bronchi, although this constant-flow ventilation (CFV) was also associated with a significant increase in ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) inequality, compared with conventional mechanical ventilation (IPPV). Conceivably, this VA/Q inequality might result from differences in VA/Q ratios among lobes caused by nonuniform distribution of ventilation, even though individual lobes are relatively homogeneous. Alternatively, the VA/Q inequality may occur at a lobar level if those factors causing the VA/Q mismatch also existed within lobes. We compared the efficiency of gas exchange simultaneously in whole lung and left lower lobe by use of the multiple inert gas elimination technique in nine anesthetized open-chest dogs. Measurements of whole lung and left lower lobe gas exchange allowed comparison of the degree of VA/Q inequality within vs. among lobes. During IPPV with positive end-expiratory pressure, arterial PO2 and PCO2 (183 +/- 41 and 34.3 +/- 3.1 Torr, respectively) were similar to lobar venous PO2 and PCO2 (172 +/- 64 and 35.7 +/- 4.1 Torr, respectively; inspired O2 fraction = 0.44 +/- 0.02). Switching to CFV (3 l.kg-1.min-1) decreased arterial PO2 (112 +/- 26 Torr, P less than 0.001) and lobar venous PO2 (120 +/- 27 Torr, P less than 0.01) but did not change the shunt measured with inert gases (P greater than 0.5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145278 TI - Arachidonic acid evokes epithelium-dependent relaxations in canine airways. AB - Responses to arachidonate were examined in rings with and without epithelium of lobar, segmental, and subsegmental canine bronchi. Arachidonate evoked epithelium dependent relaxations, which were less pronounced in subsegmental bronchi and abolished by indomethacin and meclofenamate. Nordihydroguairetic acid (NDGA) and nafazatrom reduced epithelium-dependent relaxations only in lobar but unmasked epithelium-independent relaxations to arachidonate in all bronchi. Prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin relaxed all tissues similarly. In lobar bronchi without epithelium, basal release of prostaglandin E2 was reduced by indomethacin but unaffected by NDGA. Arachidonate augmented prostaglandin E2 release more in subsegmental than in lobar bronchi with epithelium; in bronchi without epithelium the rise was absent (lobar) or attenuated (subsegmental). Arachidonate augmented the release of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha more in lobar bronchi with than without epithelium; this was inhibited by indomethacin, but not NDGA. Thus arachidonate releases prostaglandin E2 (possibly produced by cyclooxygenase inaccessible to inhibitors and activated by lipoxygenase products) but not prostacyclin from the epithelium. Heterogeneity in response to arachidonate is not due to different sensitivity to, or production of, prostaglandins. PMID- 3145279 TI - Pulmonary blood flow distribution after lobar oleic acid injury: a PET study. AB - We evaluated the importance of hypoxic vasoconstriction as a mechanism for pulmonary blood flow reduction during unilobar oleic acid lung injury in dogs. Pulmonary blood flow (PBF) and lung water were measured with positron emission tomography. Data from the injured left (LCL) and right (RCL) caudal lobes were compared in 23 dogs. Six dogs were used to demonstrate that endotoxin (15 micrograms/kg) prevents changes in regional PBF during selective hypoxic ventilation of the LCL. In 17 dogs, oleic acid (OA, 0.015 ml/kg) was injected into the LCL through a balloon-wedged pulmonary arterial catheter. Five dogs received OA only (control group), eight received endotoxin (15 mcg/kg) before OA was administered (endotoxin group), and four were treated with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) after OA (PGE1 group). The base-line left-to-right PBF ratio (LCL/RCL PBF) was 1.01 +/- 0.11 (SD) for the control group and 1.07 +/- 0.16 for the PGE1 group. One minute after OA, LCL/RCL PBF feel significantly (0.32 +/- 0.15 and 0.32 +/- 0.13 for the control and PGE1 groups, respectively) before any significant increase in lung water was detected. In all 17 dogs that received OA, the LCL/RCL PBF remained severely reduced 60 min after OA compared with base-line values (0.41 +/- 0.15, 0.49 +/- 0.06, and 0.26 +/- 0.13 for the control, PGF1, and endotoxin groups, respectively) despite treatment with endotoxin or PGE1. Lung water measurements obtained 60 min after OA increased significantly (P less than 0.05) in the injured lobe (LCL) but not in the normal lobe (RCL) in all dog groups, whereas PBF to the LCL remained significantly reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145280 TI - Total CA activity in isolated perfused guinea pig lung by 18O-exchange method. AB - The rate of exchange of 18O between alveolar CO2 and lung water was measured in isolated perfused guinea pig lungs to quantify carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity. The average lung CA activity, with a reaction velocity constant of 5.32 +/- 2.2 s 1, is sufficient to accelerate CO2 reactions in lung water by two orders of magnitude over the uncatalyzed rate at 22 degrees C and a PCO2 of 40 Torr. Three sulfonamide inhibitors of CA with different human erythrocyte membrane permeabilities were used to determine the availability of the enzyme to the perfusate. Ethoxzolamide, the most permeable at 0.1 microM (100 times its inhibition constant, of Ki) inhibited 85% of enzyme activity after exposure of the lung for 3 min and 94% of enzyme activity after 30 min, whereas 1.25 microM (320 times its Ki) acetazolamide (1/165 as permeable) only inhibited CA 28% at 3 min and 75% at 30 min. Benzolamide (less than 1/1,000 as permeable) at 4 microM (1,000 times its Ki) inhibited only approximately 17% of control CA activity by 5 min and 48% by 30 min after the start of perfusion. These data indicate the CA available to pulmonary capillary plasma is approximately 10% of the total lung CA activity, in agreement with published measurements on the homogenized lung. PMID- 3145281 TI - PMA-induced pulmonary edema: mechanisms of the vasoactive response. AB - We investigated the effect of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in isolated guinea pig lungs perfused with phosphate-buffered Ringer solution. Pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa), pulmonary capillary pressure (Ppc), and change in lung weight were recorded at 0, 10, 25, 40, and 70 min. The capillary filtration coefficient (Kf), an index of vascular permeability, was measured at 10 and 70 min. The perfusion of PMA (0.5 x 10(-7) M) increased Ppa, Ppc, and lung weight at 70 min. The ratio of arterial-to-venous vascular resistance (Ra/Rv) decreased and the Kf did not change with PMA. The perfusion of the lung with 4 alpha-phorbol didecanoate (inactive toward the protein kinase C analogue of PMA) did not affect the lung. The inhibition of TxA2 synthase with dazoxiben inhibited the response to PMA. The inhibition of the 5-lipoxygenase with U-60257 and the SRS-A receptor antagonist FPL 55712 also prevented the response to PMA. The addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, or SOD plus catalase (the enzymes that remove O.2 H2O2, and OH., respectively) did not prevent the PMA effect or the release of TxA2; however, dimethylthiourea (DMTU), a scavenger of OH., did prevent the response to PMA. The data indicate that PMA causes a neutrophil independent increase in lung weight due to increases in Ppc mediated by TxA2 and SRS-A. The protective effect of DMTU may be due to the inhibition of TxA2 generation. PMID- 3145282 TI - Endogenous hormones subtly alter women's response to heat stress. AB - The thermoregulatory responses of menstruant women to exercise in dry heat (dry bulb temperature/wet-bulb temperature = 48/25 degrees C) were evaluated at three times during the menstrual cycle: menstrual flow (MF), 3-5 days during midcycle including ovulation (OV), and in the middle of the luteal phase (LU). Serum concentrations of estradiol-17 beta (E2), progesterone (Pg), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured by radioimmunoassay, and these values were used to determine the dates of OV (peak LH and FSH) and LU (peak postovulatory Pg). After heat acclimation, subjects received heat stress tests (HST) consisting of a 2-h cycle-ergometer exercise at 30% of maximal O2 consumption in the heat. Rectal (Tre) and mean skin (Tsk) temperatures, heart rate (HR), and sweat rate on the chest and thigh were recorded continuously. Total sweat loss (Msw), as indicated by weight loss, was recorded every 20 min, and equivalent water replacement was given. Steady-state exercise metabolic rate (M) was measured at 45 and 110 min. Seven of eight subjects had ovulatory cycles during experimental months. At rest, Tre was lowest at OV and significantly higher at LU. During steady-state exercise both Tre and Tsk were lowest at OV and significantly higher at LU. There were no differences between phases in Msw, sweat rate on the chest and thigh or M. Despite higher Tre and Tsk at LU, all subjects were able to complete the 2-h of exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145283 TI - Altered artery mechanics and structure in monocrotaline pulmonary hypertension. AB - Pulmonary hypertension in rats, induced by an injection of monocrotaline, is associated with changes in the wall structure of the pulmonary arterial bed. We have studied the effects of this remodeling on mechanical properties of cylindrical pulmonary artery segments from rats 21 days after monocrotaline (MCT) injection. Resting and active (KCl induced) circumference-tension relationships were established for segments of extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary arteries isolated from the hilum and the fifth lateral branch from the axial pathway (all preacinar). The thicknesses of the vessel wall, the media, and adventitia were measured at several positions around the circumference of the artery by computerized analysis of histological cross sections of the segments fixed at a standard circumference. Resting and active stress were also calculated. The study shows that active circumferential tension and active stress are reduced in vessels from MCT-treated rats. Based on our findings, it is unlikely that altered contractile function of preacinar arteries contributes significantly to the increased vascular resistance seen in this model. PMID- 3145285 TI - Determination of organophosphate pesticides and carbaryl on paddy rice by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3145284 TI - p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xyloside modulates proteoglycan synthesis and secretory differentiation in mouse mammary epithelial cell cultures. AB - Primary cultures of mouse mammary epithelial cells synthesize significant quantities of chondroitin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (16). Long term treatment of such cultures with p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside leads to a 10 20 fold increase in the synthesis and secretion of free chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains and assembly of a cell-associated matrix that is relatively enriched in heparan sulfate proteoglycan. This modulation of cell synthesized proteoglycans leads to significant changes in cell morphology and cellular differentiation. Notably cells cultured on plastic culture dishes change from being flattened to cuboidal. The synthesis of the milk proteins alpha 1, and beta-casein is also increased as is the formation of fat droplets and fat droplet membrane components. Promotion of differentiation increases with increasing xyloside concentration in the range 0-1.5 mM, but there may be a block in secretion at higher xyloside concentrations. While the detailed mechanisms remain to be elucidated, we conclude that the composition of proteoglycans incorporated into the matrix (and possibly the glycosaminoglycans secreted into the medium), may play a significant role in maintaining the phenotypic characteristics of terminally differentiated mammary epithelial cells. PMID- 3145286 TI - Effects of sodium valproate and oxygen on the CD-1 mouse fetus. AB - This study reports the effects of valproic acid (VA) on the CD-1 mouse fetus when the drug is administered continuously via osmotic minipumps at human therapeutic drug plasma levels. Two VA-filled Alzet osmotic minipumps were implanted subcutaneously on gestation day 5 for continuous exposure of a total daily dosage of 850 mg/kg on gestation days 5-12. Dams were then exposed continuously to either normoxic (21% oxygen), hyperoxic (50% oxygen), or hypoxic (12% oxygen) controlled environments during gestation days 5-12, in order to determine if hyperoxic maternal conditions offered a protective environment for the fetus, and conversely, if hypoxia exacerbated teratogenicity. Dams were sacrificed on gestation day 18, and litter and fetal data were collected. It was determined in separate groups under normoxic conditions that the osmotic minipump system maintained VA plasma levels corresponding to human therapeutic levels. Sodium valproate was found to induce developmental toxicity in the CD-1 mouse fetus at human therapeutic drug plasma levels. Fetal weights were reduced, and the number of resorptions, deaths, and hematomas was increased. While hypoxia exacerbated the toxic effect on the fetus, hyperoxia failed to ameliorate the outcome. PMID- 3145288 TI - In vivo oxidation of the methyl group of hepatic 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. AB - Methionine given parenterally to rats caused rapid disappearance of methyltetrahydrofolate from the liver and a corresponding rise in tetrahydrofolate and formyl-tetrahydrofolate concentrations. When [14C]H3- H4folate was given, methionine caused an increased [14C]0(2) excretion, indicating that oxidation of the methyl group had occurred. Methionine was more effective than S-adenosylmethionine at causing oxidation, but serine was ineffective. The lowest dose of methionine to produce an effect was 0.5 mumol, which is less than the daily dietary intake in a rat. The data suggest that the concentration of methylfolate in rat livers is controlled by the concentrations of methionine. PMID- 3145287 TI - Phosphorylatable serine residues are located in a non-helical tailpiece of a catch muscle myosin. AB - Myosin from a molluscan catch muscle displays unusual properties: when phosphorylated in the rod by an endogenous heavy-chain kinase, myosin solubility is enhanced and the molecule folds (Castellani & Cohen, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, (1987) 4058-62). We have now localized the sites of phosphorylation to the carboxy-terminal end of the rod by selective proteolytic cleavage. Two major stretches of sequence, 18 and 21 residues long, have been identified, each containing a single residue of phosphoserine. Analysis of the amino-acid sequence of these two peptides indicates that they form a non-helical tailpiece. We discuss how phosphorylation of this tailpiece might influence enzymatic activity in catch muscle thick filaments. PMID- 3145289 TI - Red cell hypoplasia, thrombocytosis, and leucocytosis: myelodysplastic and proliferative syndrome. AB - Three patients with chronic red cell aplasia also showed thrombocytosis or granulocytosis, or both. All had morphological evidence of myelodysplasia on examination of bone marrow aspirate but none had a detectable chromosomal abnormality. These patients seem to provide evidence of a separate entity within the spectrum of myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disease. PMID- 3145290 TI - Clinical laboratory environmental contamination: use of a fluorescence/bacterial tracer. AB - A "Centrifichem" centrifugal analyser was found using a double fluorescence/bacterial tracer method to be a source of airborne and surface contamination in the laboratory. The airborne contamination was controlled by a modification incorporating a filter. Ubiquitous surface contamination generally accompanied the processing of simulated patients' sera. Double tracer samples could be used in laboratories to assess the quality of hygiene practices in the same way as quality control samples are currently used to assess the quality of analytical performance. The findings indicated a lack of understanding of basic hygiene practices in the laboratory. PMID- 3145291 TI - Valproate in the treatment of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. AB - Six consecutive patients with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder, refractory or only minimally responsive to treatment with lithium salts and neuroleptics, including five also refractory to carbamazepine, all demonstrated a moderate or marked response to the anticonvulsant valproate. These observations suggest that valproate may represent a promising treatment alternative in this often treatment resistant form of bipolar disorder. PMID- 3145292 TI - Development of intracerebral dopaminergic grafts: a combined immunohistochemical and autoradiographic study of its time course and environmental influences. AB - The aim of the study was to obtain a description of some aspects of the development of intracerebral dopaminergic grafts, namely, the time course of the glial reaction and its relation to cell division on one hand, and the development of graft-originated innervation and its dependence on adequate matching of the implanted neurons and target site on the other hand. Cell suspensions obtained from the mesencephalon or hypothalamus of embryonic day (ED) 14 rat embryos were implanted into the striatum or lateral hypothalamus of adult rats following the destruction of the nigrostriatal system of the hosts. Animals were sacrificed at different postimplantation times, and the development of the graft was followed by immunohistochemistry by using antisera directed against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA). Furthermore, the existence of cell division at various times following implantation was examined by performing autoradiography on immunostained sections after prior intraventricular administration of 3H-thymidine to the host. The first stage of the development of intracerebral grafts was characterized by the existence of intense cell division within the grafted tissue, lasting about 2 weeks, and also in the host tissue surrounding the graft, lasting only about 6 days. The cell division in the host tissue was paralleled by the existence of a strong glial reaction which, however, did not extend into the graft itself. Glial reaction in the host tissue gradually decreased at later times and disappeared by 4 weeks postimplantation without leaving behind a noticeable glial scar. The graft itself was, however, transiently filled with a population of reactive astroglial cells between 3 and 6 weeks postimplantation. Within grafts of mesencephalic tissue located in the striatum TH-positive neurons were distributed evenly at short times postimplantation (2-6 days). At later time a compartmentation could be observed, with TH-positive neurons being aligned along the graft-host interface or clustered within the graft itself. Innervation of the host tissue by TH-positive fibers increased between 1 and 6 weeks postimplantation. On the other hand, no compartmentation and reinnervation of surrounding host tissue was observed for intrahypothalamic grafts of mesencephalic tissue or intrastriatal grafts of hypothalamic tissue. This last observation indicates that adequate matching of implanted neurons and target tissue plays an important role in the development of intracerebral dopaminergic grafts. PMID- 3145293 TI - Morphological identification of the motor neurons innervating the dorsal longitudinal flight muscle of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The dorsal longitudinal flight muscle (DLM) of Drosophila is composed of six muscle fibers (DLM1-6 from ventral to dorsal) and innervated by five motor neurons (MNs), DLM1-4 being innervated singly by MN1-4, and DLM5 and 6 being jointly innervated by MN5. This study identifies and describes the five motor neurons that innervate these six muscle fibers. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) applied intracellularly to single identified DLM fibers resulted in the labeling of the single motor neuron innervating that muscle fiber by retrograde transsynaptic transport. This method allowed positive identification of the motor neuron innervating a particular muscle fiber, since only the innervating neuron was labeled. The axonal pathway, soma, and dendritic distribution of each labeled motor neuron was traced in the thoracic ganglion, and their relative positions were determined. The somata of MN1-4 lie in a cluster located near the lateral surface of the thoracic ganglion at the border of the pro- and mesothoracic regions, ipsilateral to the muscle fibers innervated. The somata of MN1 and 2 lie side by side in a horizontal plane with MN1 in a more anterior position. Those of MN3 and 4 lie ventrally to those of MN1 and 2 in a horizontal plane with MN3 in the more anterior position. The soma of MN5 is located contralaterally to the muscle fiber it innervates, lying in the dorsal outermost layer of the thoracic ganglion next to the midline at the border of the pro- and mesothoracic regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145294 TI - Occurrence of transient cavitation in pulsed sawtooth ultrasonic fields. AB - Thus far, studies conducted to assess the safety of diagnostic ultrasound have employed sinusoidal sound fields. To evaluate the influence of nonlinearly distorted acoustic fields, this article compares the responses of microbubbles of variable size, exposed to (1) a sinusoidal pulse and (2) a sawtooth pulse. The nonlinear oscillations of a spherical bubble in a viscous compressible liquid stimulated into motion by an ultrasonic pulse are predicted, using a theoretical model for bubble dynamics. The maximum gas pressures inside the bubble when it collapses under the influence of a sinusoid or a sawtooth are deduced. Experimental work on Drosophila larvae exposed to sinusoidal and to sawtooth fields is consistent with the theoretical analysis. PMID- 3145295 TI - Calcium-dependent potassium conductance in neurons of rabbit vesical pelvic ganglia. AB - Intracellular recordings were made from neurons of vesical pelvic (parasympathetic) ganglia (VPG) isolated from the rabbit urinary bladder. Spontaneous hyperpolarizations (SH), occurring at intervals of 30 s to 5 min, could be recorded from 53% of VPG neurons in Krebs solution. The action potential was associated with inward sodium and calcium currents and was followed by fast and slow afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs). The action potential also evoked an additional hyperpolarization which was identical to the SH. The SH and the AHPs were associated with a decrease in the input resistance and reversed their polarity close to the potassium equilibrium potential. Intracellular cesium ions blocked the AHPs and the SH. Superfusing the preparation with a calcium-free solution produced a depolarization associated with an increased input resistance. The outward rectification activated at the resting membrane potential was depressed in the calcium-free solution. The removal of extracellular calcium ions also depressed both the SH and the spike AHPs. Bath-application of caffeine (1-3 mM) increased the frequency of the appearance of the SH. Injection of EGTA into VPG neurons caused a depolarization due to a blockade of the outward rectification. EGTA also depressed the slow AHP and the SH. These results suggest that the neuronal membrane of the rabbit VPG is endowed with a calcium-dependent potassium conductance (gKCa). Apamin (0.3-5 nM) and (+)-tubocurarine (30-300 microM) blocked the slow AHP and the SH without affecting the fast AHP and the resting membrane potential. Tetraethylammonium (TEA, 0.3-5 mM) suppressed the fast AHP and the SH without affecting the outward rectification. TEA augmented the slow AHP. Barium ions (0.1-1 mM) depressed the AHPs, the SH and the outward rectification. These pharmacological properties imply that at least 3 kinds of gKCa systems underlie the generation of the outward rectification, the spike AHPs and the SH. PMID- 3145296 TI - Selective autonomic nervous control of thyroid hormone and calcitonin secretion during metabolic and cardiorespiratory activation by intracisternal thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). AB - Injections of 10 micrograms/kg thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) 150 microliter intracisternally (i.c.) in conscious rabbits evoked behavioral excitation and compulsive scratching, tachypnoea, an increase of heart rate and blood pressure, oxygen consumption and hyperthermia. TRH i.c. significantly increased free thyroid hormone and calcitonin secretion during depressed thyrotropin (TSH) secretion. The rise of calcitonin correlated with a fall of serum calcium. The ergotropic function of TRH i.c. was further demonstrated by rapid increases of glucagon, serum glucose, free fatty acid and free glycerol, with a delayed rise of insulin depending on glucose levels. The increases of free thyroid hormones, calcitonin, cortisol and lipolysis following TRH i.c. were augmented after spinal transection, while glucagon secretion increased at a slower rate, however, not accompanied by rises of glucose and insulin. Behavioral excitation and lipolysis were augmented by TRH i.c. after total thyroidal denervation, which completely prevented the rise in thyroid hormone and calcitonin secretion, although the thyroid follicles and C cells responded properly to TSH. Section of all thyroidal nerves except the recurrent laryngeal nerve reduced mainly calcitonin secretion following TRH i.c., while the behavioral, autonomic and other endocrine responses were augmented. Additional abdominal vagotomy in these rabbits diminished glucagon secretion by about 50% without significantly changing the other effector responses. Taking 125I-labelled TRH concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid at the site of i.c. injection as 100%, then 58% of TRH penetrated into outer parts of the dorsal and ventral medulla oblongata and pons, and 8% into the neuropil of the aqueductal region. Radioactivity in other brain areas including the hypothalamus was below 1%, while the hypophysis was practically devoid of radiolabelled TRH. It is suggested that the observed behavioral, autonomic and endocrine activity pattern elicited by injection of TRH into the cisterna magna was caused by excitation of neurons confined to that compartment and was mediated by pathways of the reticular formation of the lower brainstem, with the concept that TRH-containing neurons are intrinsic excitatory constituents of the 'activating reticular system'. PMID- 3145297 TI - Inhibitory influence of thyrotropin releasing hormone administration on growth hormone response to low doses of growth hormone-releasing hormone in normal man. AB - Literature data show that TRH may have either stimulatory or inhibitory actions on GH release according to pathophysiological conditions of the subject. In view of this dual effect of TRH, we studied the possible interaction of TRH and GRF on GH secretion. Six healthy male volunteers received iv in different occasions and in random order: 1) GRF 0.05 micrograms/Kg; 2) GRF 0.1 micrograms/Kg; 3) GRF 1 microgram/Kg; 4) GRF 0.05 micrograms/Kg + TRH 400 micrograms, simultaneously; 5) GRF 0.05 micrograms/Kg + TRH 20 micrograms, simultaneously; 6) GRF 1 microgram/Kg + TRH 400 micrograms, simultaneously, 7) the vehicle as control treatment. Blood samples were obtained at several time intervals and plasma GH, PRL and TSH were measured by RIA methods. Plasma GH significantly increased in all subjects after all the tested doses of GRF and after the combination of the highest and of the lowest doses of GRF + TRH (treatments 6 and 5). GH responses increased progressively with the dose of GRF administered, even if a clear dose-response relationship could not be demonstrated, owing to the considerable interindividual variability in the responsiveness. The administration of GRF 0.05 micrograms/Kg increased significantly plasma GH levels vs control treatment. The simultaneous administration of a low effective dose of GRF (0.05 micrograms/kg) plus a high dose of TRH (400 micrograms) was able to significantly inhibit the GH secretion elicited by GRF 0.05 micrograms/Kg alone. The other GRF + TRH combinations tested (treatments 5 and 6) did not modify the GH response to the same doses of GRF given alone. Plasma PRL and TSH did not change either after GRF at any dose or after the vehicle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145298 TI - Surgical treatment of epilepsy. PMID- 3145300 TI - Paroxysmal facial itch: a presenting sign of childhood brainstem glioma. AB - Two children with neurofibromatosis and a chief complaint of severe, episodic, unilateral facial itching were found to have brainstem glioma. Initial computerized tomography of the brain was thought to be normal, but the brainstem tumor was subsequently demonstrated on magnetic resonance imaging. The paroxysmal facial itching resolved in both cases after a course of radiation therapy. The pathophysiology of the attacks of facial itching is unknown but must be related to the brainstem glioma. This is the first report of paroxysmal, unilateral facial itching as a presenting sign of childhood brainstem tumor. PMID- 3145299 TI - Epilepsy surgery in children. AB - Neurosurgical procedures of established value in the treatment of the medically intractable epilepsies include temporal lobectomy, extratemporal cortical excision, hemispherectomy, and corpus callosotomy. The clinical decision to consider surgery in children with epilepsy requires an understanding of the natural history of pediatric seizures, the constraints of the presurgical evaluation, and the relationship between surgical outcome and tissue pathology. This article presents an overview of the indications, risks, and benefits of epilepsy surgery in the pediatric population. PMID- 3145301 TI - Comparative chromosome morphology in three Callitrichid genera: Cebuella, Callithrix, and Leontopithecus. AB - A G-band karyotypic analysis was carried out in individual species groups of three Callitrichid primate genera: Cebuella, Callithrix, and Leontopithecus. Within Callithrix, the karyotypes of the morphologically distinct and geographically isolated morphotypes C. jacchus jacchus and C. jacchus penicillata were identical. Within the lion tamarin genus, Leontopithecus, the karyotypes of the three morphotypes (L. rosalia rosalia, L. rosalia chrysomelas and L. rosalia chrysopygus) were also indistinguishable from one another. These results are consistent with the taxonomic designation of subspecies rank to the different morphotypes. A comparison of type specimens among the three Callitrichid genera showed that their phyletic radiation has been paralleled by a limited number of chromosome rearrangements and a relatively high amount of karyotypic invariance. A fusion/fission event has been postulated to account for the difference in diploid number between Cebuella (2n = 44) and the other species (2n = 46). The karyotype of Callithrix jacchus was found to be more directly derived from Cebuella than was that of Leontopithecus. These findings differ from the previous proposition that Leontopithecus might have diverged from a common Callitrichid ancestor before the emergence of the genus Callithrix. PMID- 3145302 TI - Phospholipase and prostaglandins. PMID- 3145304 TI - [Statistical studies on relation between numbers of patients with streptococcal infectious disease and meteorological data (4th report)]. PMID- 3145303 TI - Tissue polypeptide antigen, galactosyltransferase isoenzyme II and pancreatic oncofetal antigen serum determination: role in pancreatic cancer diagnosis. AB - The clinical usefulness of tissue polypeptide antigen, galactosyltransferase II and pancreatic oncofetal antigen was evaluated in detecting pancreatic cancer and in differentiating this malignancy from chronic pancreatitis and other diseases (mainly of the liver and biliary tract) which may enter in differential diagnosis. TPA seems to be the most sensitive among these indices in detecting pancreatic cancer and appears to discriminate this malignancy quite satisfactorily from chronic pancreatitis. It is also frequently pathological in a number of other diseases and is influenced by the presence of liver dysfunction. GT II and POA do not grossly differ from TPA in specificity, but they appear to be less sensitive. Both are frequently pathological in hepato-biliary diseases. All these markers seem, therefore, to be of limited value in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. PMID- 3145305 TI - [Statistical studies on relation between numbers of patients with streptococcal infectious disease and meteorological data (5th report)]. PMID- 3145306 TI - [An outbreak of scarlet fever caused by type T3 streptococci in an institution for mentally retarded children]. PMID- 3145307 TI - [A study on streptococcal prevalence in Chiang Mai, Thailand, with special reference to unusual combination between T and M antigens of group A Streptococcus]. PMID- 3145308 TI - [Movements of epidemic serogroups or types of streptococcus in Toyama Prefecture- from group A type 3 in 1985 to again type 12 in 1986]. PMID- 3145309 TI - [Long-term prevalence of group A type T-1 isolated from throat of healthy schoolchildren. Part I. Analysis by detection rate. Streptococcal Disease Study Group]. PMID- 3145310 TI - [Long-term prevalence of group A type T-1 isolated from throats of healthy schoolchildren. Part II. Analysis by school classroom and sibling. Streptococcal Disease Study Group]. PMID- 3145311 TI - [Antibiotic susceptibility and T-serotypes of group A hemolytic streptococci, clinically isolated in 1986]. PMID- 3145312 TI - [Serotype-distribution of group B streptococci isolated from patients with neonatal infections]. PMID- 3145313 TI - [Trial of screening test for prevention of neonatal infection due to group B Streptococcus]. PMID- 3145314 TI - [Isolation of viridans streptococci from the lesions of periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3145315 TI - [Experimental study of segmental esophageal replacement with glutaraldehyde treated tracheal biograft]. PMID- 3145316 TI - [Thirty one cases of surgery of mediastinal cysts involving three cases of pericardial diverticulum]. PMID- 3145317 TI - [The clinical and hormonal effects of laparoscopic multiple punch resection (MPR) of the ovary in polycystic ovary syndrome]. AB - Eleven women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) were treated with Laparoscopic Multiple Punch Resection (MPR) of the ovarian follicle and capsule and studied by hormone analysis before and after MPR. In 90.9% of the patients, ovulation appeared to occur within 9 weeks and 63.6% conceived within 26 weeks. No changes in serum LH and FSH levels were seen before and after MPR, but testosterone levels which were in the upper normal range or slightly elevated before treatment were reduced after MPR. Endocrine responses to MPR were similar to those described previously after wedge resection. Laparoscopic MPR is a simple and least invasive method and makes it unnecessary to worry about periovarian adhesion after operation. Furthermore, other causes of infertility can be examined by laparoscopy. MPR appeared to be a promising alternative treatment for patients with PCO. PMID- 3145318 TI - Effect of LHRH agonist (buserelin) on pulsatile secretion of LHRH and LH. AB - The LHRH agonist buserelin was administered intranasally to eight patients with endometriosis in doses of 300, 600 or 900 micrograms/day for six months. In all patients buserelin clearly suppressed ovulation. In the patients treated with 900 micrograms/day, estradiol levels declined to less than 30pg/ml, and LH release in response to LHRH testing decreased markedly after 2 months of treatment. A mild decrease in LH release was noted in the premarin test at the end of the treatment. At the end of buserelin treatment baseline levels of plasma LHRH, LHRH pulse amplitude and frequency were not lowered. However, baseline levels of plasma LH and LH pulse amplitude decreased. These results indicate that buserelin may act to decrease pituitary response to LHRH. PMID- 3145319 TI - Plasma levels of dihydroxyphenylalanine, dopamine and norepinephrine in the fetoplacental unit and maternal circulation at delivery. AB - Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) levels were measured in matched samples of maternal plasma (MV), umbilical arterial (UA) and venous (UV) blood of 25 normal infants born following an uncomplicated vaginal delivery. Levels in maternal plasma in the preterm period (36-40 weeks of gestation) and in 20 non-pregnant control subjects were also determined. DOPA and NE concentrations in the maternal vein at delivery were markedly higher than findings in the preterm period. The levels of DOPA and NE in the umbilical artery were significantly higher than those in the maternal vein at delivery. The DOPA levels in umbilical cord plasma showed arteriovenous differences indicating a net distribution of DOPA from the fetus to the mother. These data strongly suggest that the high DOPA levels in cord blood originate mainly from the fetus. PMID- 3145320 TI - Time course of the establishment of uterine seawater conditions in late-term pregnant spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias). AB - The gestation period for embryos of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias (L.) lasts for nearly 2 years. During the latter part of this period the pups remain in the uterus and the fluid surrounding the embryos resembles sea water with respect to the major ions, but is low in pH (approx. 6), high in partial pressure of carbon dioxide (approx. 3 mmHg; 1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa), low in total carbon dioxide content (approx. 0.2 mmol l-1), and may have a total ammonia concentration of up to 22 mmol l-1. Thus the conditions under which the pups complete their development in utero is quite remarkable. The derivation of these conditions was examined in late-term pregnant females, from whose uterine horns the pups had been removed, by monitoring changes that occurred in instilled uterine sea water. The mother is responsible for reducing the pH, reducing the total carbon dioxide content and elevating the partial pressure of carbon dioxide to the levels observed in fresh-caught females, in less than 24 h. The ammonia concentration is also elevated, but this takes rather longer. The decreased pH is responsible for the accumulation of ammonia in the uterine sea water, and it also serves to protect the pups from the toxic effects of NH3, by converting it to the relatively non-toxic ionic form, NH4+. The reasons for the establishment of these uterine seawater conditions are still not evident. PMID- 3145321 TI - Effect of adrenaline and blood gas conditions on red cell volume and intra erythrocytic electrolytes in the carp, Cyprinus carpio. AB - 1. Carp, when subjected to air stress in vivo, developed a hypoxaemia associated with an acidosis due to elevation of PCO2 and arterial lactate content. Adrenaline and noradrenaline levels rose markedly, and the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC in mmol Hb l-1 red blood cells) decreased, indicating swelling of the erythrocytes. 2. No effect of adrenaline could be observed in vitro after equilibration at normal pH and oxygenation level. 3. Simulation of air stress in vitro, by using hypercapnic hypoxia together with adrenaline, caused appreciable swelling of the red cells. The effect of adrenaline could be blocked by propranolol and was reversible when the blood gases were readjusted to normal values. Swelling due to hypercapnic hypoxia was not affected by propranolol. 4. At normal PO2, lowering pH by increasing PCO2 or adding HCl to the blood at PCO2 = 3.5 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa) both led to swelling of red cells; further swelling occurred when adrenaline was added. 5. At normal or even elevated intracellular pH, hypoxia led to red cell swelling; further swelling occurred when adrenaline was added. 6. The swelling of red cells under hypoxic and/or acidotic conditions (induced by either added HCl or increased PCO2) was associated with an increase in the intracellular K+, Na+ and Cl- levels, together with an increase in the Donnan distribution ratio of Cl-, rCl. delta K+:delta Na+ was 4:1. The swelling associated with the addition of adrenaline was also accompanied by an increase in K+, Na+, Cl- and rCl. In this case the ratio delta K+:delta Na+ was 1:2.4. 7. There was a correlation between the Donnan ratio, rCl, and the change in MCHC, even in those cases where extracellular and intracellular pH were above normal. In addition to pH and oxygen saturation, rCl should therefore be considered as a possible triggering factor for the action of adrenaline. 8. In addition to the increased catecholamine levels, stress during sampling may be inferred if low values of MCHC and high values of intraerythrocytic chloride and a high chloride distribution ratio, rCl, are found in whole blood. PMID- 3145322 TI - Inhibition of human hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase and duck hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase by triphosphates of thymidine analogs and pharmacokinetic properties of the corresponding nucleosides. AB - Replication of hepadnaviruses involves a viral DNA polymerase containing both a DNA-dependent and an RNA dependent activity. This polymerase is a potential target for chemotherapy against hepatitis B. We have used human hepatitis B virus DNA-dependent DNA polymerase from human serum and duck hepatitis B virus DNA dependent DNA polymerase from duck serum as well as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity from duck hepatitis B-infected duck liver. Triphosphates of thymidine analogs have been synthesized and tested for their inhibitory activities against these enzymes with the intention both to explore differences between these enzymes and structural requirements for inhibitors. The results showed that with the inhibitors tested, hepatitis B virus DNA-dependent DNA polymerase was the most sensitive enzyme and the triphosphate of 5-propenyl-2'-deoxyuridine was the most active inhibitor. In addition, the 5'-triphosphate of 5-propenyl arabinofuranosyluracil also inhibited the hepadnavirus DNA-dependent DNA polymerases, and was a competitive inhibitor with respect to 2'-deoxythymidine triphosphate as showed by kinetic studies with duck hepatitis B virus DNA dependent DNA polymerase from serum. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed 5-propenyl 2'-deoxyuridine to be well absorbed orally, but rapidly cleared from plasma. The arabinofuranosyl analog was also well absorbed but cleared less rapidly. Hence, these results indicate the potential of 5-propenyl-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-propenyl arabinofuransyluracil for chemotherapy of hepatitis B. PMID- 3145323 TI - Monoamine oxidase-B inhibition: a comparison of in vivo and ex vivo measures of reversible effects. AB - A behavioural test involving potentiation of the effects of an acute injection of beta-phenylethylamine (10 mg kg-1 i.p.) was used to assess the time-course of type-B MAO inhibition after administration of (--)deprenyl (5 mg kg-1 i.p.) and of MD 240928 (20 mg kg-1 i.p.) respectively. Potentiation of the effects of beta phenylethylamine was observed 1 h after injection of (-)deprenyl or MD 240928. This effect was still evident 120 h after administration of (-)deprenyl but not 24 h after administration of MD 240928. Comparisons of ex vivo estimates of MAO activity yielded a corresponding time-course for the recovery of this enzyme. The extent of MAO inhibition required for potentiation of the effects of beta phenylethylamine was inferred from a comparison of the behavioural test results and the ex vivo MAO activity observed after (-)deprenyl administration. These comparisons indicate a significant underestimation of MD 240928-induced MAO inhibition using ex vivo measures. This underestimation is interpreted as evidence for dilution effects in the ex vivo assay of MAO inhibition. The potentiation of effects of beta-phenylethylamine under the present conditions is proposed as a useful and simple test for effects of reversible type-B MAO inhibitors. PMID- 3145324 TI - Axonal sprouting after botulinum toxin does not elicit a histological axon reaction. AB - In an attempt to determine which elements of the axon reaction are essential for early axonal outgrowth, axonal sprouting was induced with botulinum toxin (BoTx) and the nerve cell body changes compared with those accompanying axonal growth after nerve trauma. Anterior horn cells of mice were examined histologically at times ranging from 3 days to 3 weeks after either BoTx hindlimb injection or sciatic nerve crush. After sciatic nerve crush there was dispersion of Nissl substance, increase in cell body size, and an increase in neurofilament protein staining. None of these changes were found after BoTx-induced terminal axonal sprouting, suggesting that these morphological features of the axon reaction are not essential for early axonal outgrowth. PMID- 3145325 TI - Schwann cell proliferation in the sciatic nerve of hypothyroid chick embryos studied by autoradiography and image analysis. AB - The proliferation of Schwann cells in the sciatic nerve of chick was studied from day 11 to day 27 of development in control and thyroid-deficient embryos. Hypothyroidism was induced by tetramethylthiourea injection on days 8 and 19 of incubation. The parameters of the cell cycle were determined using autoradiographs (tritiated thymidine) and by image analysis of Feulgen-stained nuclear smears. The duration of the cell cycle was lengthened and the growth fraction was reduced in hypothyroid animals, at 11 and 15 days of incubation. At later stages (days 21 and 27), these parameters were not significantly different from the controls as if the sensitivity of Schwann cells to thyroid hormones was scheduled to occur during a limited period of development. The total number of axons was the same in control and hypothyroid animals suggesting that the slowing down of Schwann cell proliferation is not a consequence of neuronal cell death. The consequence of that slowing down is a delay in the isolation of promyelin axons and a reduction in the proportion of myelinated axons at all the stages studied. PMID- 3145326 TI - Regional heterogeneity in the distal motor axon: three zones with distinctive intrinsic components. AB - In this study we examined the distribution of cytoskeletal and other intrinsic axonal elements in motor nerve terminals in vivo. Components of axons were visualized with immunocytochemical staining of frozen longitudinal sections of muscle. Using these methods we compared the distribution of neurofilaments, tubulin, MAP2, actin and synaptic elements in distal regions of axons at and near neuromuscular junctions in rat muscles. Our results show that three discrete regions can be defined based on the anatomy and intrinsic components of distal axons. The preterminal axon, extending from its exit from the intramuscular nerve toward the neuromuscular junction, has a cytoskeletal composition similar to the more proximal axon with abundant staining of neurofilaments, tubulin, MAP2 and actin. The terminal arborization, a branched region of the axon extending through the endplate region, contains neurofilaments but little tubulin, actin, MAP2 or synaptic elements. Finally, the synaptic zone, demonstrated with antibodies to the synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin, contains few cytoskeletal elements. We conclude that there is considerable regional heterogeneity in the composition of distal motor axons. The distribution of neurofilaments, other cytoskeletal elements and synaptic vesicle proteins varies among different discrete zones of terminal motor axons. PMID- 3145327 TI - Pharmacokinetics of free and total sodium valproate in adolescents and young adults during maintenance therapy. AB - The pharmacokinetics of total and free valproic acid (VPA) in plasma and whole blood was investigated in seven adolescents and young adults (mean age 17.3 years) during a dosage interval at steady state. The concentration curves of VPA in whole blood after an oral morning dose (mean 8.2 mg/kg body wt.) closely followed those in plasma but at a reduced level. The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of total VPA was 0.150-0.197 l/kg body wt. and of free VPA 0.911-1.58 l/kg body wt., which indicates considerable distribution of unbound VPA as well as drug binding to extravascular proteins. The terminal half-life of free VPA (6.4-6.7 h) was significantly shorter (P less than 0.05) than the half life of total VPA (10.4-11.9 h). The binding of VPA in plasma was concentration dependent and fluctuated considerably within the individual dosage intervals. Concentrations of unbound VPA in plasma water of whole blood varied to a corresponding degree, since distribution to blood cells was low (mean 2.2%). It is concluded that there are substantial differences in the pharmacokinetics of free and total VPA. This may contribute to the well-known poor correlation between dose, plasma concentrations and effect of VPA. PMID- 3145328 TI - A carbon dioxide monitor that does not show the waveform has value. AB - The author argues that a simple analog needle display can provide the anesthesiologist with the essential information he or she needs when monitoring carbon dioxide in the patient airway. He argues that essentially the most important information is virtually a binary, or all or none, phenomenon; in other words, carbon dioxide is either continuously present in the breathing circuit or is absent. Thus, circuit disconnects and undesirable endotracheal tube locations are readily identified. He relates the analog display of information to that of an automobile speedometer or the hands of a standard wrist watch. The author also compares analog meters with those used by pilots in aviation. He concludes with the argument that the carbon dioxide analyzer provides necessary information without the need to resort to expensive microprocessed displays that would include the waveform and trending, but would substantially increase the cost of the instrument. PMID- 3145329 TI - A carbon dioxide monitor that does not show the waveform is worthless. AB - The author suggests that the carbon dioxide waveform should be displayed, as are the electrocardiogram and arterial pressure waveforms. He argues that a carbon dioxide analyzer that does not provide a waveform is not of value, as subtle changes in the carbon dioxide waveform can reflect impending problems. Only when a plateau is present in the capnogram can one be certain that end-tidal gas is being measured, and the author asserts that the presence or absence of this plateau can be detected only by visually inspecting the waveform. PMID- 3145330 TI - Accuracy of a central mass spectrometer system at high respiratory frequencies. AB - We have shown that in a laboratory setting the long lengths of sampling catheters necessary to access a central mass spectrometer restrict the high-frequency response of the system. Reported here are the results from a clinically operating Perkin-Elmer Advantage system. The sampling catheter was 50 meters long and the sampling flow was 240 ml/min. Rapid changes in carbon dioxide concentration were created by an electronically operated solenoid valve switching between 6.94% CO2 in 50% O2 balance N2 and 100% O2. The frequency of this simulated breathing was varied between 10 and 100 breaths/min with the ratio of inspiration to expiration fixed at 1:2. Data were taken from the terminal in the operating room. Errors greater than 5% of the true value occurred at 35 breaths/min for the indicated inspired concentration and 73 breaths/min for the indicated expired concentration. For critical situations in which respiratory frequencies exceed 40 breaths/min, a centrally located mass spectrometer may not be adequate for measuring CO2 because of errors introduced by the long sampling catheters. PMID- 3145331 TI - In vivo utilization of cystine-containing synthetic short-chain peptides after intravenous bolus injection in the rat. AB - For the first time, in vivo utilization of two highly soluble and stable cystine containing synthetic short-chain peptides, bis-L-alanyl-L-cystine and bis-glycyl L-cystine, were investigated in adult rats. Within 5 min after an intravenous bolus, blood samples were drawn (inferior vena cava) and plasma amino acid and peptide levels were determined using RP-HPLC (precolumn derivatization with 5 dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonylchloride). Both peptides were rapidly cleared from plasma (estimated elimination t1/2: 4 min for the glycyl peptide and less than 2 min for the alanyl peptide). The initial high amounts of mono-L-alanyl-L cystine and mono-glycyl-L-cystine as well as the prompt increase of the constituent free amino acids alanine, glycine and cystine strongly suggest that the peptide disappearance is mainly due to a very fast two-step hydrolysis in the extracellular compartment, presumably catalyzed by soluble and/or plasma membrane bound peptidases. The observed rapid hydrolysis may serve as first evidence that short-chain peptides with C-terminal cystine residue may represent efficient sources of free cystine in parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3145332 TI - Intrinsic and extrinsic labeling for studies of manganese absorption in humans. AB - A dual-radioisotope method was used to simultaneously study whole-body manganese retention from a chicken liver based meal intrinsically labeled with 54Mn and extrinsically labeled with 52Mn. Manganese retention was monitored in a sensitive whole-body counter during approximately 30 d in six young adult women. Both radioisotopes were retained to a similar degree and excreted at identical rates. Retention at d 5 was 14.4 +/- 10.3 and 14.0 +/- 9.9% while retention at d 10 was 5.0 +/- 3.1 and 5.0 +/- 3.0% (X +/- SD) for 54Mn and 52Mn, respectively. From these results we conclude that the intrinsic and extrinsic Mn isotopes did form a common pool before absorption. The results can therefore be regarded as a direct validation of the use of extrinsic labeling for studies of Mn retention for estimating Mn absorption in man. PMID- 3145333 TI - The combined effects of dietary protein and fat intake during the promotion phase of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced breast cancer in rats. AB - A 3 X 3 factorial experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary protein (8, 16 or 32% of energy from casein) and dietary fat (12, 24 or 48% of energy from corn oil) on the promotion phase of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast carcinogenesis in rats. A purified diet with protein and fat supplying 16 and 24% of energy, respectively, was fed to 360 rats. After 4 wk each rat received DMBA (20 mg/kg) via gastric intubation. Forty rats were then randomly assigned to each of the nine dietary treatments for 28 wk. We observed no effects of protein or interactions between protein and fat on mammary tumorigenesis. At necropsy, rats fed diets containing 12, 24 and 48% of energy from corn oil following DMBA administration showed tumor prevalences of 53, 60 and 70% with 109, 127 and 140 total tumors, respectively. Linear logistic statistical modeling indicated that each doubling of dietary fat concentration multiplied the odds of finding a tumor of any histologic type at necropsy by 1.52. Dietary fat had no significant effects on the prevalence of adenomas or fibroadenomas, whereas those fed corn oil at 12, 24 and 48% of dietary energy showed adenocarcinoma prevalences of 34, 41 and 52% with total adenocarcinoma counts of 66, 75 and 96, respectively. Our results suggest that increasing dietary fat enhanced the promotion of DMBA-induced breast carcinogenesis over a wide range of protein intake. PMID- 3145334 TI - Transbronchial biopsy has eliminated the need for endomyocardial biopsy in heart lung recipients. AB - Between April 1984 and August 1987, 27 patients have received heart-lung transplantations at Papworth Hospital. In the first 17 patients endomyocardial biopsies were performed routinely in accordance with the practice for heart transplant recipients. It became apparent that in contrast to heart transplant recipients, heart-lung transplant recipients show little evidence of cardiac rejection. As routine endomyocardial biopsies did not contribute therefore to patient management, they were stopped. Conversely, pulmonary rejection was diagnosed either clinically by a decrease in forced expired volume in 1 second (FEV1) in the absence of lung infection or by transbronchial biopsy, which determined when immunosuppression needed to be augmented. The presence of lung rejection was confirmed by resolution of the lung histopathology or improvement in FEV1. PMID- 3145335 TI - Histologic changes in heart-lung transplant recipients during rejection episodes and at routine biopsy. AB - In our experience a lung biopsy specimen taken by means of a fiberoptic bronchoscope is a useful, safe technique for the diagnosis of rejection in heart lung transplant recipients. To determine that the histologic features associated with rejection can be identified in transbronchial biopsy specimens, 35 biopsy specimens (group A) taken when retrospective review confirmed a clinical diagnosis of rejection without evidence of infection were identified from a total of 107 biopsy specimens. These were compared with 14 biopsy specimens (group B) taken when the patients were well. Several foci of dense perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration with pyroninophilic lymphocytes and plasma cells were seen in 79% of group A biopsy specimens. Fewer foci of non-pyroninophilic cells were seen in group B biopsy specimens (p = 0.005). There was also a difference in the histologic features of the mucosa and interstitial lung tissue. We believe that the early confirmation of rejection followed by adequate augmentation of immunosuppression may prove to be an important factor in reducing the incidence of obliterative bronchiolitis in heart-lung transplant recipients. PMID- 3145336 TI - Anomalous left superior vena cava in combined heart-lung transplantation. AB - An anomalous left superior vena cava (SVC) was identified in two recipients during combined heart-lung transplantation. In the first patient an interposition Gore-Tex graft was used to reconstitute the venous drainage from the aberrant left SVC to the right atrium. In the second patient a new method of reconstituting the drainage from the left SVC with the donor innominate vein is described. It is recommended that excision of the donor heart and lung should include the innominate vein, as it may be used to create a venous channel for an aberrant left SVC if present in the recipient. PMID- 3145338 TI - Optimized synthesis of polyglutaraldehyde nanoparticles using central composite design. AB - A central composite design was applied to the optimization of the synthesis of polyglutaraldehyde nanoparticles (PGNP). The effects of monomer concentration, surfactant concentration, pH, oxygen level, and stirring rate on the particle size, polydispersity, surface carboxyl group concentration, and yield of PGNP were investigated. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of PGNP were found to be: 7% (w/v) glutaraldehyde, 2.5% (w/v) dextran, pH 12, 70% (v/v) oxygen, and a stirring rate of 1080 rpm. Under these conditions, the values of the dependent variables adequately resembled those predicted by the model. The usefulness of these particles in the targeted delivery of cytotoxic drugs is discussed. PMID- 3145337 TI - Improved heart preservation with UW preservation solution. AB - Despite the good clinical results obtained with the current heart preservation techniques, these methods need to be improved. The UW solution has provided excellent preservation for the pancreas, kidney, and liver after extended cold ischemic storage times. We have tested the ability of the UW solution to store hearts for 5 and 12 hours and compared the results with those obtained from hearts preserved by either Stanford or modified Collins' solutions. Three groups of five canine hearts each underwent 5 hours, and three groups of five canine hearts underwent 12 hours of ischemia at 4 degrees C. Then the hearts were reperfused in an isolated working canine heart preparation. Those hearts preserved for 5 hours had nearly normal ventricular function and adenosine triphosphate contents and were able to maintain normal tissue electrolyte concentration and water contents. After 12 hours of storage time only adenosine triphosphate contents were similar among the groups. Hearts preserved with the UW solution rapidly recovered, reaching nearly normal left ventricular function by 60 minutes of reperfusion; hearts preserved by the modified Collins' solution recovered more slowly, but function was good after 120 minutes of reperfusion. Hearts preserved by the Stanford solution never attained adequate function. The three groups of hearts preserved for 12 hours did not differ in their ability to utilize lactate or in their rates of oxygen utilization. Tissue water and sodium contents were considerably lower in the hearts preserved with the UW solution after 150 minutes of reperfusion compared with hearts stored in the modified Collins' or Stanford solutions. Hearts stored 12 hours in the UW solution under cold ischemic conditions recovered left ventricular function rapidly after reperfusion with normal blood, utilized lactate and oxygen at normal rates, and were able to regulate tissue water and sodium contents to nearly normal levels. Because of the superior preservation obtained by the UW solution, the solution deserves further evaluation for possible future use in clinical heart transplant programs. PMID- 3145339 TI - Very low osmotic water permeability and membrane fluidity in isolated toad bladder granules. AB - Osmotic water permeability of the apical membrane of toad urinary epithelium is increased greatly by vasopressin (VP) and is associated with exocytic addition of granules and aggrephores at the apical surface. To determine the physiological role of granule exocytosis, we measured the osmotic water permeability and membrane fluidity of isolated granules, surface membranes and microsomes prepared from toad bladder in the presence and absence of VP. Pf was measured by stopped flow light scattering and membrane fluidity was examined by diphenylhexatriene (DPH) fluorescence anisotropy. In response to a 75 mM inward sucrose gradient, granule size decreased with a single exponential time constant of 2.3 +/- 0.1 sec (SEM, seven preparations, 23 degrees C), corresponding to a Pf of 5 x 10(-4) cm/sec; the activation energy (Ea) for Pf was 17.6 +/- 0.8 kcal/mole. Under the same conditions, the volume of surface membrane vesicles decreased biexponentially with time constants of 0.13 and 1.9 sec; the fast component comprised approximately 70% of the signal. Granule, surface membrane and microsome time constants were unaffected by VP. However, in surface membranes, there was a small decrease (6 +/- 2%) in the fraction of surface membranes with fast time constant. DPH anisotropies were 0.253 (granules), 0.224 (surface membranes) and 0.190 (microsomes), and were unaffected by VP. We conclude: (1) granules have among the lowest water permeabilities of biological membranes, (2) granule water permeability is not altered by bladder pretreatment with VP, (3) granule membrane fluidity is remarkably lower than that of surface and microsomal membranes, and (4) rapid water transport occurs in surface membrane vesicles. The unique physical properties of the granule suggests that apical exocytic addition of granule membrane may be responsible for the low water permeability of the unstimulated apical membrane. PMID- 3145340 TI - Integration host factor binds specifically to sites in the ilvGMEDA operon in Escherichia coli. AB - Integration host factor (IHF) of Escherichia coli is a histone-like protein that is involved both in site-specific recombination and in regulating the expression of a number of phage and bacterial genes. We have shown previously that transcription of the ilvGMEDA operon in E. coli is greatly reduced in IHF mutants. We report here that IHF specifically protects two sites within the ilvGMEDA promoter-regulatory region against DNase I digestion. These sites are located upstream from the promoter and in the leader region just prior to the sequence that specifies the attenuator. The footprinting experiments and gel retardation assays show that these sites have strong affinity for IHF. These data and results with ilvGMEDA-lac promoter fusions suggest a direct role for IHF in expression of the ilvGMEDA operon. PMID- 3145341 TI - Heavy riboflavin synthase from Bacillus subtilis. Crystal structure analysis of the icosahedral beta 60 capsid at 3.3 A resolution. AB - Geometric features as well as possible functional properties of the substrate binding sites at the pentamer interfaces are described. Ligand binding at the pentamer interface regions increases the stability of the beta 60 capsid considerably and influences the reassembly of isolated beta-subunits. PMID- 3145342 TI - Protective effect of taurine on the irregular beating pattern of cultured myocardial cells induced by high and low extracellular calcium ion. AB - Abnormal beating patterns were induced in spontaneously contracting cultured embryonic mouse myocardial cells either by elevating or by lowering extracellular calcium. At low calcium (0.4 mM), the number of beating cells and beating rate decreased while the number of arrhythmic cells increased. By contrast, at high calcium (20 mM), the number of beating cells decreased while beating rate and the number of arrhythmic cells increased. Addition of taurine (20 mM) to the medium attenuated the response to varying calcium; the taurine effect appeared to be specific since neither taurine analog tested (beta-alanine nor glycine) provided much protection against these abnormalities. The protective effect of taurine also appeared to differ from that of verapamil, which was effective only in decreasing beating rate in the high calcium condition. Uptake of 14C-taurine by the cells was higher at both low and high extracellular calcium when compared to the normal calcium (2 mM) concentration. The results raise the possibility that the protective effect of taurine on beating abnormalities caused by low or high calcium is related to taurine uptake. PMID- 3145343 TI - [Synergistic activity of isepamicin and beta-lactam antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo]. AB - Synergistic activities of isepamicin (ISP) and a beta-lactam antibiotic such as piperacillin (PIPC) or cefotaxime (CTX) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro synergistic activity was observed when ISP was used together PIPC or CTX. The synergy observed in vitro was reproduced in vivo against experimental mouse infections, and a ISP-PIPC or a ISP CTX combination showed significantly greater protective effects than individual antibiotics by themselves. PMID- 3145344 TI - [Susceptibility of clinically isolated strains to aztreonam]. AB - In vitro antibacterial activities of aztreonam (AZT) and cephems against clinically isolated 334 strains were investigated. The results obtained in the study are summarized as follows: 1. AZT showed excellent antibacterial activities against clinically isolated 334 strains. 2. AZT showed potent activities against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus spp., Enterobacter aerogenes and Citrobacter freundii. 3. Antibacterial activities of AZT were superior against Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to those of cephems. PMID- 3145345 TI - [Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of immunoglobulin class specific anti-RNP and anti-Sm antibodies]. PMID- 3145346 TI - [Isolation of mycobacteria from clinical specimens during the last decade]. PMID- 3145347 TI - [Two cases of gastric cancer with generalized bone metastases revealing severe ossification]. PMID- 3145348 TI - [Prevention and management of diarrheal symptoms of patients following surgery of esophageal cancer--with special reference to the period of enteral feeding]. PMID- 3145349 TI - [Assistance of postoperative patient with esophageal cancer and his family to promote self care in association with enteral feeding at home]. PMID- 3145350 TI - [Measurement of cardiac output by Fick method using CO2 analyzer Servo 930]. PMID- 3145351 TI - Biochemical characterization of Theileria sergenti lysate antigen on the adjuvant effect in mice. PMID- 3145352 TI - Antibody titers in serum of diffuse panbronchiolitis patients administered a multicomponent Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine consisting of toxoids of protease, elastase and exotoxin A and a common protective antigen (OEP). PMID- 3145354 TI - [Enteral tube feeding of surgical patients (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 3145353 TI - A multicomponent Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine consisting of toxoids of protease, elastase, exotoxin A and a common protective antigen (OEP): basic concept of vaccination and prospect of clinical application. PMID- 3145355 TI - [Disorders of retinal function in long-term therapy with retinoid etretinate]. AB - Four patients receiving etretinate as long-term therapy were examined. The accumulated dosage was 135 g for Patient 1, about 80 g for Patients 2 and 3, and 31 g etretinate and 4.8 g etretine (Ro 10-1670; main metabolite of etretinate) for Patient 4. Clinical examinations, visual fields (Haitz, Amsler, Goldmann), and EOGs (two patients) were normal. Patient 1 (135 g) showed a decreased level of rod sensitivity at dark adaptation (Goldmann-Weekers), whereas the cone responses were regular in all cases. Furthermore, Patient 1 showed reduced scotopic ERG amplitudes. Aside from this, photopic and scotopic ERGs were normal as far as a- and b-wave amplitudes and peak latencies were concerned. The flicker fusion frequencies were found to be regular. The peak latencies of the R2 component of the early receptor potentials seemed rather short. In all four patients alterations of color sense were analyzed in the Farnsworth Munsell 100 Hue test. The color sense defect seems to originate in the blue-yellow spectrum and--at higher dosages--extends to the red-green spectrum. Examinations with the anomaloscope revealed deuteranomalous settings. Ophthalmological checks for patients receiving long-term aromatic retinoid therapy are recommended, especially with regard to dark adaptation and color sense. PMID- 3145356 TI - [Change in the course of blindness in childhood]. AB - In the course of the 20th century there have been major changes in the causes of blindness in childhood. This is illustrated by the example of the 1271 children born between 1885 and 1976 who attended the Bavarian State School for the Blind. The following developments became apparent: Until 1940 the most common cause of blindness, accounting for 25% of the cases, was corneal disease, almost exclusively of infectious origin. This cause has been reduced most, to 2%. There has also been a clear reduction in blindness due to anterior uveitis (mainly due to infection) and chorioretinitis. There were fewer such cases -5% and 3%, respectively. Since the 1960s there have been no further cases of blindness due to ocular injury in children, and no case of sympathetic ophthalmia has occurred since 1950. While the incidence of congenital cataract and buphthalmos has remained constant, they now only lead to blindness in a small proportion of those affected, thanks to improvements in therapy. The incidence of blindness caused by retinal detachment, usually associated with myopia, is also unchanged, though rare (2-3%). The same applies to bilateral retinoblastoma, while the frequency of optic nerve atrophy (20%) and tapetoretinal degeneration (16-19%) has remained both constant and high. There has been a drastic increase in ocular malformations and developmental anomalies. These include retrolental fibroplasia, which was responsible for blindness in 38% of the children born between 1967 and 1976. Overall, there has been a major reduction in the number of blind children in the population since the 1960s and especially since the 1970s. PMID- 3145357 TI - [The German Society of Pediatric Oncology Cooperative Ewing Sarcoma Studies CESS 81/86: report after 6 1/2 years]. AB - The GPO Cooperative Ewing's Sarcoma Study (CESS 81 with 10 months four-drug combination chemotherapy (vincristine, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, and adriamycin = VACA) and local control with surgery and/or radiation, following week 18, resulted in a Kaplan-Meier estimated disease-free survival of 51% after 6 1/2 years (51/93 patients disease-free). Tumor volume and histological response to primary chemotherapy were identified as most significant prognostic factors. As a consequence, the CESS 86 regimen was stratified according to risk of relapse. Standard risk patients (extremity tumors less than 100 ml tumor volume) were continued on VACA chemotherapy. In high risk patients (extremity tumors greater than 100 ml tumor volume, central tumors), cyclophosphamide in conventional dose (1200 mg/m2/course) was replaced by high doses of ifosfamide (6 g/m2/course) with mesna uroprotection (VAIA). Local control was obtained following week 9. Patients with radiation were randomised for conventional fractionation or accelerated split-course hyperfractionation. The study was piloted from February to December 1985: 27/37 patients were disease-free on October 1, 1987. The ongoing trial was started on January 1, 1986. On October 1, 1987. 63/66 patients were disease-free. In patients with large primaries, according to Kaplan-Meier life-table analysis, the disease-free survival was significantly better in patients receiving VAIA chemotherapy, compared to the previous VACA regimen. The toxicity of both combination chemotherapy regimens was comparable. PMID- 3145359 TI - Side effects of antiepileptic drugs in long term treatment. PMID- 3145358 TI - [Radiotherapy in Ewing sarcoma: current results of the German Society of Pediatric Oncology studies CESS 81 and CESS 86]. AB - In CESS 81 the rate of local recurrences was high particularly in patients with radiation for local control. To improve the safety of local control, in the follow-up study CESS 86 chemotherapy for high risk patients was intensified. The combination of surgery with postoperative radiation was favoured when possible, local control was brought forward from week 18 to week 9, the doses of postoperative radiotherapy was increased from 36 to 46 Gy, and a radiation planning center was established for centralized planning of radiotherapy on the basis of tumor extension at diagnosis. In addition patients with radiation were randomized for conventional fractionation or a scheme of accelerated split course hyperfractionation with simultaneous chemotherapy. Preliminary results of 76 CESS 86 patients (incl. pilot phase), show a lowered rate of local recurrences compared to CESS 81: 6% local recurrences and 15% local recurrences in patients with radiation. With selection of patients with small and chemoresponsive tumors for radiotherapy no longer a disadvantage was seen for patients with radiotherapy concerning the safety of local control. PMID- 3145361 TI - [The strategy "Health 2000". Development of the strategy Health 2000]. PMID- 3145360 TI - Prolonged corticosteroid treatment in the management of temporal arteritis. AB - Twenty-four patients with biopsy proven temporal arteritis were followed for 7 years and the effect and duration of corticosteroid treatment was evaluated. An initial dose of 35 mg prednisone daily was sufficient to control symptoms and signs in most of the patients. Flare-up rates upon corticosteroid reduction were high, especially in the first 24 months of treatment. Flare-ups were more common (greater than twice) in "non-western" Jews as compared to "western" Jews. Serious corticosteroid side effects were uncommon. Corticosteroid treatment was withdrawn from 7 patients after 5 years; two of these patients suffered flare-ups within 16 months. Nineteen patients remained on prednisone, in an average dose of 4 mg/day, 7 years after diagnosis. Thus, corticosteroid treatment in temporal arteritis should be prolonged in the majority of patients. PMID- 3145362 TI - [The strategy "Health 2000"--what does "Health 2000" mean in 1988? Problem areas and possibilities exemplified with Berlin]. PMID- 3145363 TI - ["Health 2000"--ambulatory and intramural care]. PMID- 3145364 TI - [Nursing as a strong impulse for change]. PMID- 3145365 TI - [Radiation protection for patients and coworkers]. PMID- 3145366 TI - [Why are truffles so expensive?]. PMID- 3145367 TI - [New findings on the need for personnel in the field of endoscopy]. PMID- 3145368 TI - [Civilian protective legislation, section 4, transferred to our work "in case of war"]. PMID- 3145369 TI - Simple procedure for measuring the pharmacodynamics and analgesic potential of lipoxygenase inhibitors. AB - A model is described for determining the pharmacodynamics of inhibitors of arachidonate metabolism in mice. Bioavailability and selectivity were assessed by ex vivo RIA of TXB2, LTB4, and 12-HETE from ionophore-challenged blood. Inhibition of LTB4 and 12-HETE was measured using a single LTB4 RIA, following extraction and separation of these eicosanoids from plasma. Separation on cyanopropyl mini-columns yielded hexane/ether and methanol fractions, which contained 12-HETE and LTB4, respectively. Analgesic efficacy was measured by inhibition of phenylbenzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction. The NSAIDs, indomethacin ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, and benoxaprofen, were analgesic and selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. BW775C was also analgesic, but inhibited cyclo-oxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase and 12-HETE formation. Other in vitro 5 lipoxygenase inhibitors, NDGA, quercetin, and nafazatrom, were inactive in vivo, although NDGA reduced abdominal constrictions. The results indicate that this model has utility in determining the mechanism/selectivity of action and analgesic potential of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors. PMID- 3145370 TI - Lymphokine production by human peripheral blood lymphocytes: analysis by in situ hybridization. AB - Lymphokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) was investigated by in situ hybridization with 35S-labelled RNA probes coding for interleukin 2 (IL-2), gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) and granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The proportion of PBMNCs expressing lymphokine mRNA varied according to the stimuli used and followed similar patterns to those previously observed by Northern blot analysis. Only a relatively low proportion of PBMNCs expressed lymphokine mRNA after stimulation for a given time, and this seems not to be due to the heterogeneity of T cells. PMID- 3145371 TI - Comparison of in vivo effects of human recombinant IL 1 and human recombinant IL 6 in mice. AB - IL 1 and IL 6 share a number of biological activities, including induction of fever, neutrophilia and acute phase response, and IL 1 induces IL 6 production by fibroblasts and macrophages. Therefore, it was proposed that IL 6 mediates many of the activities of IL 1. To test this hypothesis in vivo, we assessed induction of IL 6 following IL 1 alpha administration to mice and tested IL 6 for radioprotection and induction of early (CSF) and late (fibrinogen and SAA) acute phase reactants. IL 1 alpha given to mice ip induced, in a dose dependent manner, detectable IL 6 in circulation, with maximal titers at 2-4 hrs. However, unlike IL 1 which is 10-1000 ng/mouse of human recombinant IL 6 did not result in increased survival of mice following lethal irradiation. In fact, such treatment given 20 hrs before LD50/30 doses of radiation resulted in reduced survival of mice. However, IL 6 augmented the radioprotective effect of IL 1. IL 1 in doses above 10 ng/mouse induced within 2 to 6 hrs a dose dependent increase in CSF in circulation, but IL 6 did not induce detectable levels of CSF at 2, 6 and 20 hrs after administration. Administration of IL 6 to mice produced a dose dependent increase in circulating fibrinogen and SAA. Similarly, administration of IL 1 resulted in much greater increases in levels of fibrinogen and SAA. Therefore, IL 1 is a more effective inducer of fibrinogen and SAA in mice than is IL 6. Although definitive conclusions concerning the relative roles for IL 1 and IL 6 in vivo will await availability of anti IL 1 and anti-IL 6 antibodies, our data do not support the suggestion that the above IL 1 effects can be attributed solely to IL 6. PMID- 3145372 TI - Interleukin-1 beta in human plasma: optimization of blood collection, plasma extraction, and radioimmunoassay methods. AB - Current immunoassays for interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) are effective for analyzing fluids derived from cultured cells. However, IL-1 beta determinations in human plasma or serum samples are technically complicated by higher protein and lipid concentrations, physicochemical differences which exist between samples from healthy subjects and those experiencing acute phase responses, and by the fact that IL-1 beta can be produced and degraded in the blood collection tube after the sample is drawn. A simple chloroform extraction process has been developed which eliminates several of the interfering factors from plasma samples and increases the amount of IL-1 beta detected by radioimmunoassay and lymphocyte activation assay. In the radioimmunoassay, rabbit sera was found to influence the accuracy and variability of plasma measurements. Improvements in radioimmunoassay reagents and methods are reported which reduce this influence. Finally, different concentrations of IL-1 beta were measured depending on whether serum or plasma was tested. We propose that plasma samples collected with EDTA and aprotinin provide a better determination of free circulating IL-1 beta in vivo than serum samples, which may contain IL-1 beta secreted from blood leukocytes during the clotting process. PMID- 3145373 TI - Evaluation of activities in the health services. PMID- 3145374 TI - Effective carbon dioxide washout by high-frequency mechanical ventilation. PMID- 3145375 TI - [Early postoperative enteral feeding following esophageal resection]. AB - In a prospective randomized study, total parenteral alimentation was compared with early postoperative enteral alimentation in a group of patients who had undergone esophageal resection. In addition to mechanical problems with the jejunal catheter abdominal complications arose during enteral alimentation (meteorism, distension), leading to discontinuation in one-third of cases. The limited prognostic value of ultrasound examination of the abdomen - now often used postoperatively as a decisive aid to diagnosis - is a further serious disadvantage; overall, since there are no particulars in which enteral alimentation can be shown to be superior to parenteral alimentation, it no longer seems justified in the early postoperative phase. The jejunal catheter has, however, proved its worth as a means of direct access to the intestine that can be exploited any time after the initial postoperative period (a week to some months after surgery). For this reason we now insert a jejunal catheter routinely following esophagectomy or gastrectomy. PMID- 3145377 TI - Comparison of two techniques for quantifying environmental contaminants in human serum. AB - Peak area matching and linear regression were used to quantify eight chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (as Aroclor 1260) in human serum. There are no statistically significant differences in data obtained by these two quantifying techniques which were indicated by the paired t-test. For chlorinated pesticides, p = 0.053-0.62, and for polychlorinated biphenyls (as Aroclor 1260), p = 0.64. Analyte residues for the chlorinated pesticides ranged from 0.5 ppb for hexachlorobenzene (HCB) to 186 ppb for dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE). Analyte residues for the polychlorinated biphenyls (as Aroclor 1260) ranged from 5-114 ppb. The absolute mean percent difference between the two quantifying techniques ranged from 0.06% for DDE to 8.06% for dieldrin (HEOD) among the chlorinated pesticides. The absolute mean percent difference between the two quantifying techniques for the polychlorinated biphenyls (as Aroclor 1260) was 3.4%. Peak area matching and linear regression were found to be comparable for quantifying these environmental residues in serum when the following conditions apply: 1) the concentration of the chlorinated pesticides is greater than or equal to 0.5 ppb (e.g., HCB, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCCH), oxychlordane (OC), heptachlor epoxide (HE), transnonachlor (TN), HEOD, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT); 2) the concentration of the chlorinated pesticide is greater than or equal to 3 ppb (e.g., DDE); and 3) the total concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (e.g., as Aroclor 1260) is greater than or equal to 5 ppb. PMID- 3145376 TI - NaF-induced Ca2+ mobilization is dependent upon the culture density in a parathyroid hormone-responsive osteoblast-like cell line. AB - The effect of NaF on cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations [( Ca2+]i) was examined in a clonal osteoblast-like cell line (MOB 3-4) loaded with Fura 2. MOB 3-4 cells in a sparse culture, which exhibited neither alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity nor the response to parathyroid hormone (PTH), responded to NaF (0.1-10 mM) to increase [Ca2+]i transiently. In contrast, the cells in a dense culture, which exhibited both ALP activity and the response to PTH, responded to NaF (above 4 mM) to increase [Ca2+]i slowly. [Ca2+]i in osteoblasts in primary culture slowly increased in response to both NaF (above 4 mM) and PTH (3 U/ml). Thus, the sensitivity and the response of MOB 3-4 cells to NaF and PTH varied with the culture density, and high culture density matured the cells like osteoblasts in primary culture. These NaF-induced Ca2+ mobilizations were not dependent upon external Ca2+ and were enhanced by Al3+ (1 microM), whereas the PTH-induced Ca2+ mobilizations were due to Ca2+ influx. These results suggest that the maturation of MOB 3-4 cells, dependent upon the culture density, modulates intracellular signal transduction pathways and thereby alters the NaF-induced Ca2+ mobilization, and that the culture density must be taken into consideration in studying Ca2+ mobilization in such an osteoblast-like cells line as MOB 3-4 cell line. PMID- 3145378 TI - Enzyme histochemical demonstration of lactase and sucrase activity in resin sections: the influence of fixation and processing. PMID- 3145379 TI - The relationship between coagulation factor VIII and ABO blood group status. PMID- 3145380 TI - Gas capture systems for positive blood cultures: comparison of a novel new system with a radiometric method. PMID- 3145381 TI - Bromelain solutions for use in automated anti-D quantitation: a potential hazard. PMID- 3145382 TI - Peroxidase labelling in immunocytochemistry: a critical comparison of five systems. PMID- 3145383 TI - Use of magnetic resonance imaging to identify changes in cerebral blood flow in epilepsia partialis continua. AB - The use of a phase mapping technique for detection of brain perfusion is described. The method was used in a patient with epilepsia partialis continua and displayed an area of abnormal perfusion in the frontal lobe during the ictal phase. Following improved treatment the perfusion pattern was near normal 12 weeks later. PMID- 3145384 TI - Structure of the gene for the transition state regulator, abrB: regulator synthesis is controlled by the spo0A sporulation gene in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Sporulation begins coincidentally with the expression of several stationary-phase associated gene products during the transition state of a culture from exponential to stationary phase. Mutations in the stage 0 sporulation genes prevent the expression of these gene products in addition to blocking sporulation. Suppressor mutations in the abrB gene, in a spo0 background, restore stationary-phase-associated gene expression but not sporulation. The nature of the abrB gene product was investigated by isolating and sequencing the abrB gene. The abrB gene coded for a 96-amino-acid protein (molecular weight 10773) and contained a helix-turn-helix structure common to DNA binding proteins. Analysis of expression of the abrB gene using lacZ transcription fusions and direct measurement of mRNA content by hybridization showed that the spo0A gene repressed transcription of the abrB gene. Primer extension analysis of abrB gene mRNA revealed two initiation sites. The downstream site was dramatically repressed in spo0A+ strains, while the upstream site appeared not to be regulated by spo0A. Five abrB mutant alleles were cloned and sequenced. One mutation, abrB4, resided within the structural gene and continued to overexpress abrB messenger RNA from both promoters. A promoter mutation, abrB15, reduced transcription from the downstream promoter but not the upstream promoter. Thus, the phenotype of abrB mutations results from inactivation of the abrB gene product or by prevention of its overexpression. The results suggest that the abrB gene codes for a regulator which controls several genes whose products are normally produced during the transition phase between active growth and sporulation. The level of this regulator is, in turn, controlled by the spo0A gene. The pleiotropic phenotypes of spo0A mutants result from uncontrolled overexpression of the abrB regulator. PMID- 3145385 TI - Germination-specific cortex-lytic enzyme is activated during triggering of Bacillus megaterium KM spore germination. AB - Antibodies were raised against purified germination-specific cortex-lytic enzyme (GSLE) from spores of Bacillus megaterium KM which neutralized the ability of GSLE to germinate permeabilized spores. Western blotting of dormant spore and vegetative cell fractions separated by SDS-PAGE demonstrated that GSLE is spore specific and that greater than 90% of the GSLE is associated with the dormant spore cortex peptidoglycan as a phosphorylated 63kD pro-form, which could only be visualized after lysozyme digestion of the peptidoglycan. During germination, the 63kD pro-form of GSLE is processed to release the active enzyme, which had an apparent molecular weight of 30kD. Inhibitor studies demonstrated that GSLE activation occurs as part of the commitment reaction and thus represents the first-identified enzymatic event to occur during germination triggering. Proteins that cross-react with anti-GSLE sera are present in spore fractions of other species. PMID- 3145386 TI - Three copies of a single protein II-encoding sequence in the genome of Neisseria gonorrhoeae JS3: evidence for gene conversion and gene duplication. AB - Gonococci express a family of related outer membrane proteins designated protein II (P.II). These surface proteins are subject to both phase variation and antigenic variation. The P.II gene repertoire of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain JS3 was found to consist of at least ten genes, eight of which were cloned. Sequence analysis and DNA hybridization studies revealed that one particular P.II-encoding sequence is present in three distinct, but almost identical, copies in the JS3 genome. These genes encode the P.II protein that was previously identified as P.IIc. Comparison of their sequences shows that the multiple copies of this P.IIc encoding gene might have been generated by both gene conversion and gene duplication. PMID- 3145387 TI - Secretion and processing of the Bacillus subtilis endo-beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase in Escherichia coli. AB - The endo-beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase enzyme of Bacillus subtilis C120, when synthesized in Escherichia coli, is located mainly in the cytoplasm, but enzyme activity is also detected in the periplasmic space and in the extracellular medium. The proportion recovered in the extracellular medium is not altered by changes in the levels of synthesis of the enzyme. Lysis of E. coli cells is ruled out as the cause of the secretion by the normal localization of beta galactosidase, an intracellular protein. However, beta-lactamase, which is normally found in the periplasmic space, is detected in the extracellular medium of E. coli transformants containing beta-glucanase plasmids, suggesting that the presence of beta-glucanase in the cell alters the permeability of the outer membrane. The beta-glucanase proteins found in the extracellular medium, the periplasmic space and the cytoplasm have the same electrophoretic mobilities as the secreted enzyme of B. subtilis. Amino-terminal sequencing has shown that the beta-glucanase enzyme in the intracellular fraction of E. coli is processed at a site two amino acids distant from the processing site used in B. subtilis. PMID- 3145388 TI - Electron microscopic observations of the embryo Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) pallidum naturally infected with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. AB - Embryos of Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) pallidum mites naturally infected with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi were examined by electron microscopy. Rickettsiae were not found in eggs just after oviposition, but were easily detected in cells at the various parts of the embryos just before hatching, indicating that the rickettsiae are surely vertically transmitted from infected adult mites to the larvae through embryos, and the rickettsiae may multiply in situ during the developing process of the embryo. PMID- 3145389 TI - Isolation and characterization of outermost layer deficient mutant spores of Bacillus megaterium. AB - Outermost layer deficient mutant spores of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 12872 were isolated by Urografin density gradient centrifugation after mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate. Although the composition of the cortex peptidoglycan was the same as that of the parent spores, three major proteins (48, 36, and 22 K daltons) were missing, suggesting that these proteins are components of the outermost layer. All mutant spores were also found to have very hydrophobic surface by 'salt aggregation test,' which would facilitate selection of such mutants. PMID- 3145390 TI - [An intracellular inhibitory activity of RNase secreted by Bacillus intermedius]. AB - Bacillus intermedius cells producing extracellular RNAse were found to contain its inhibitor and an RNAse-inhibitor complex. Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli cell lysates did not inhibit the activity of homogeneous extracellular RNAse produced by B. intermedius. The inhibitor was shown to be specific for this RNAse and did not interact with other RNAses. As was demonstrated by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis, the inhibitor is released when the protoplasts are disintegrated, i.e. it is located in the cytoplasm. A correlation has been established between the biosynthesis of extracellular RNAse and its intracellular inhibitor. PMID- 3145391 TI - Evaluation of a beam-spot camera for megavoltage x rays. AB - A beam-spot camera for measurements of x-ray focal spots of accelerators has been evaluated. The device consists of closely packed 0.25-mm-thick lead and 0.25-mm thick cardboard strips. It is placed on radiographic film with the lamellae parallel to the beam axis and an exposure made. The images were scanned with a microdensitometer. The results indicate that the broadening of the source intensity profile at half maximum is of the order 1 mm, which permits the use of the beam-spot camera for acceptance testing and quality control. Longer tails in the density profile limit the quantitative information that can be extracted from the images. PMID- 3145392 TI - Ca2+-mediated degradation of central nervous system (CNS) proteins: topographic and species variation. AB - Incubation of homogenates of rat, rabbit, and bovine spinal cord and of bovine brain white and gray matter in the presence of calcium (5 mM) produced an extensive degradation of the neurofilament triplet proteins (NFP; 200 K, 150 K, and 69 K). The breakdown products of the NFPs were identified by immunoblot. The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), microtubular proteins (MTP), and myelin proteins were also degraded. The 150 K NFP was more susceptible than the other NFPs. The extent of calcium-mediated degradation was slightly greater with rat spinal cord than the others. Bovine brain white matter had more activity than gray, which had no appreciable degradative activity. The breakdown was prevented by both EGTA and leupeptin but a similar concentration of MgCl2 (5 mM) had no effect. These results suggest that NFPs are degraded by a Ca2+-activated neutral proteinase in the central nervous system (CNS) of several species. The lesser activity in gray matter suggests that the enzyme is enriched in axons, myelin, and/or oligodendroglial cells. PMID- 3145395 TI - Future directions for community-based long-term care research. AB - The gap between community-based care requirements and the supply of service supports has been widely recognized. There has been little attention given, however, to the factors affecting the supply. The presumption has been that communities strive with equal effort to meet the demands of their elderly subpopulation. A close look at communities in terms of their urban services reveals that each community makes allocation decisions on the basis of its unique mix of income sources, including both governmental and voluntary, and political characteristics. While more services could be refinanced with federal dollars, individual community characteristics play a major role in determining the ability of localities to attract other sources of financial support. PMID- 3145394 TI - Long-term care and AIDS: perspectives from experience with the elderly. AB - The driving concern of policy thinking in regard to both the elderly and AIDS patients has been cost containment. It has been presumed that the best way to cut costs, as well as to serve the medical and emotional needs of AIDS patients, is to limit hospital and nursing home stays and expand the role of community-based services. The experience of the elderly has demonstrated, however, that these services have had little impact on the use of institutional care, only limited outcome benefits, and have not reduced the overall costs; rather, they have increased the utilization of all services and total expenditures. In the case of AIDS patients, a preoccupation with community care alternatives to hospitalization fails to acknowledge the central role of medical care in the management of the disease. PMID- 3145396 TI - Ongoing controversies regarding albumin and nutrition support. PMID- 3145393 TI - Changes in neurofilament gene expression occur after axotomy of dorsal root ganglion neurons: an in situ hybridization study. AB - Neurofilaments (NFs) are predominant elements in large myelinated axons, where they are thought to serve the important function of maintaining axonal caliber. Previous studies have shown that changes in NF synthesis and axonal transport occur after axonal injury in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells. The resulting reduction in the NF supply to DRG axons is thought to be largely responsible for the observed decrease in axonal diameter in the proximal axonal stump after an injury. In the present study, we test the hypothesis that a change in NF gene expression precedes the changes in synthesis and transport of NF proteins. To address this hypothesis, the levels of mRNA encoding the 68-kilodalton (kd) neurofilament protein (NF68) in adult rat DRG neurons were assessed at different times after peripheral axotomy using in situ hybridization. For these studies we used a 35S-labeled cDNA probe to NF68. The levels of NF68 mRNA in sensory neurons located in ipsilateral fourth and fifth lumbar DRG at 1, 7, and 14 days after sciatic nerve crush were compared to those in normal DRG neurons using quantitative autoradiography. In large DRG neurons (greater than 1000 micron 2), the levels of NF68 mRNA were significantly reduced relative to normal at 1, 7, and 14 days after axotomy. Medium-sized cells (601-1000 micron 2) exhibited a reduction only at 14 days postinjury, and small-sized cells were not significantly affected. These findings indicate that larger DRG neurons which give rise to large myelinated sensory axons exhibit a change in NF gene expression after axonal injury. The observed changes in NF68 mRNA levels temporally precede changes in NF synthesis and transport in injured DRG cells. Thus, a change in NF gene expression may be an important component of an effective regenerative response and a critical step at which axonal caliber is regulated in injured neurons. PMID- 3145397 TI - Albumin: use in nutrition and support. PMID- 3145398 TI - Tube feedings: a survey of compliance to procedures and complications. PMID- 3145399 TI - Hypoalbuminemia-induced diarrhea in the enterally alimented patient. PMID- 3145400 TI - Nutrition for acute renal failure patients on continuous hemofiltration. PMID- 3145402 TI - Report of the Long Range Planning Committee of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. PMID- 3145401 TI - Nutrition support and malnutrition in Nigeria. PMID- 3145403 TI - Sex-specific control of Drosophila melanogaster yolk protein 1 gene expression is limited to transcription. AB - The sex of Drosophila melanogaster is determined by a hierarchy of genes. The ultimate targets of this regulatory hierarchy are the genes encoding terminal differentiation products of one sex. For one of the best-characterized target genes, that encoding female-specific yolk protein 1 (YP1), sex-specific transcriptional controls have been clearly demonstrated. In addition, sex specific posttranscriptional controls were suggested from experiments in which YP1 RNA was induced in males with hormones. To determine whether males can efficiently process and translate a transcript which is normally found only in females, we used a non-sex-specific promoter, the hsp70 gene promoter, to drive YP1 gene transcription in germ line transformed males. The efficiency of expression of the YP1 gene at levels of RNA splicing, translation, and protein secretion in these males was compared with that in wild-type females. These experiments show that there are no sex-specific posttranscriptional controls operating to limit the production of secreted YP1 in males. Promoters containing different numbers of heat shock elements were tested for their ability to drive YP1 gene transcription in males. These results show that incompatibility between the hsp70 gene heat shock elements and the YP1 gene promoter can be overcome by increasing the amount of hsp70 gene sequence up or downstream of the TATA box. In the course of this study, two vectors useful for placing genes under heat shock regulation were constructed. One of these vectors is designed so that the heat induced transcript produced is the "authentic" primary transcript; it should be useful for studies of posttranscriptional regulation. PMID- 3145404 TI - Purified mu EBP-E binds to immunoglobulin enhancers and promoters. AB - We describe the purification to apparent homogeneity of the murine immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) enhancer-binding protein mu EBP-E from murine plasmacytoma cells by ion exchange and affinity chromatography. Glycerol gradient sedimentation, UV cross-linking, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirm that mu EBP-E is a 45-kilodalton molecular mass protein. Orthophenanthroline-copper chemical nuclease footprinting with purified protein has identified high-affinity binding sites for mu EBP-E within the IgH enhancer at the previously identified site E and at sites within IgH promoters and in the kappa light-chain enhancer. Equilibrium binding studies indicate that the dissociation constants for mu EBP-E binding to site E within the enhancer and to a binding site within the V1 heavy-chain promoter are quite low, about 2 x 10( 11) M. Comparison of four mu EBP-E recognition sequences detects only limited sequence similarity among binding sites. PMID- 3145405 TI - Platelet-derived growth factor does not induce c-fos in NIH 3T3 cells expressing the EJ-ras oncogene. AB - Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), the calcium ionophore A23187, and the tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate stimulated c-fos mRNA levels in control NIH 3T3 cells. However, NIH 3T3 cells transformed by EJ-ras DNA transfection, which have diminished PDGF-stimulated phospholipase C activity, showed a 95% reduction in PDGF-stimulated c-fos mRNA levels. The responses to A23187 and phorbol myristate acetate were also attenuated, but not as severely as the PDGF mediated induction. The reduction in PDGF-stimulated c-fos induction did not appear to be a general result of cellular transformation, since src-transformed NIH 3T3 cells displayed a strong PDGF-stimulated c-fos induction. Despite the reduction in PDGF-stimulated c-fos induction, EJ-ras-transformed cells still responded mitogenically to PDGF. These data suggest that the magnitude of c-fos induction cannot be directly correlated with PDGF-stimulated mitogenesis in EJ ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. PMID- 3145406 TI - Ordering promoter binding of class III transcription factors TFIIIC1 and TFIIIC2. AB - The separation of the mammalian class III transcription factor TFIIIC into two functional components, termed TFIIIC1 and TFIIIC2, enabled an analysis of their functions in transcription initiation. Template competition assays were used to define the order with which these factors interact in vitro to form stable preinitiation complexes on the adenovirus VAI and Drosophila melanogaster tRNA(Arg) genes. The interaction between these genes and TFIIIC2, the factor that binds with high affinity to the B block, was both necessary and sufficient for template commitment. When either the VAI or tRNA(Arg) gene was preincubated with TFIIIC2 alone, transcription of a second gene added subsequently was excluded, indicating that TFIIIC2 bound stably to the first template. Furthermore, the interaction between TFIIIC2 and these genes must occur prior to that of TFIIIC1 or TFIIIB. Once TFIIIC2 was bound, TFIIIC1 could bind to the tRNA(Arg) and VAI genes, although its interaction with the VAI gene was less stable than that with the tRNA(Arg) gene. TFIIIB activity bound stably to the complex of both genes with TFIIIC2. These results demonstrate that TFIIIC2 is the first transcription factor to bind to these genes and that TFIIIB and TFIIIC1 can then interact in either order to form a preinitiation complex. PMID- 3145407 TI - Transcription elongation factor SII interacts with a domain of the large subunit of human RNA polymerase II. AB - Genomic sequences for the large subunit of human RNA polymerase II corresponding to a part of the fifth exon were inserted into an expression vector at the carboxy-terminal end of the beta-galactosidase gene. The in-frame construct produced a 125-kilodalton fusion protein, containing approximately 10 kilodaltons of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II and 116 kilodaltons of beta galactosidase. The purified bacterially produced fusion protein inhibited specific transcription from the adenovirus type 2 major late promoter, while beta galactosidase had no effect. This effect of the fusion protein was during RNA elongation, not at the level of initiation, resembling the faithfully initiated but incomplete transcripts produced with purified factors in the absence of SII. Similarly, monoclonal antibody 2-7B, which reacts with the RNA polymerase II region represented in the fusion protein, inhibited specific transcription at the level of elongation in a whole-cell extract. Both monoclonal antibody 2-7B and the fusion protein, although unable to inhibit purified RNA polymerase II in a nonspecific transcription assay, selectively blocked the stimulation elicited by transcription elongation factor SII on the activity of the purified enzyme in vitro. This suggests that the fusion protein traps the SII in nonstimulatory interactions and that antibody 2-7B inhibits SII binding to RNA polymerase II. Thus, this suggests that an SII-binding contact required for specific RNA elongation resides within the fifth exon region of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit. PMID- 3145408 TI - Inhibition of NIH 3T3 cell proliferation by a mutant ras protein with preferential affinity for GDP. AB - Substitution of asparagine for serine at position 17 decreased the affinity of rasH p21 for GTP 20- to 40-fold without significantly affecting its affinity for GDP. Transfection of NIH 3T3 cells with a mammalian expression vector containing the Asn-17 rasH gene and a Neor gene under the control of the same promoter yielded only a small fraction of the expected number of G418-resistant colonies, indicating that expression of Asn-17 p21 inhibited cell proliferation. The inhibitory effect of Asn-17 p21 required its localization to the plasma membrane and was reversed by coexpression of an activated ras gene, indicating that the mutant p21 blocked the endogenous ras function required for NIH 3T3 cell proliferation. NIH 3T3 cells transformed by v-mos and v-raf, but not v-src, were resistant to inhibition by Asn-17 p21, indicating that the requirement for normal ras function can be bypassed by these cytoplasmic oncogenes. The Asn-17 mutant represents a novel reagent for the study of ras function by virtue of its ability to inhibit cellular ras activity in vivo. Since this phenotype is likely associated with the preferential affinity of the mutant protein for GDP, analogous mutations might also yield inhibitors of other proteins whose activities are regulated by guanine nucleotide binding. PMID- 3145409 TI - tRNA(Tyr) genes of Drosophila melanogaster: expression of single-copy genes studied by S1 mapping. AB - Six Drosophila melanogaster tRNA(Tyr) genes have been isolated and sequenced. They contained introns of different sequences and two size classes: 20 or 21 base pairs (bp) (five genes) and 113 bp (one gene). However, the sequences coding for the mature tRNA(Tyr) were identical in all six genes. The 113-bp intron containing gene was a single-copy gene. Hence, its primary transcript could be traced by S1 mapping. The gene was turned on during embryogenesis and continually expressed to various degrees during the following developmental stages. Thus, S1 mapping is a feasible method to follow the transcriptional activity of individual genes with identical mature products, provided that their primary transcripts are unique. The six genes were organized in two clusters of three and two genes, respectively (each containing a 20- or a 21-bp intron; cytological localization, 85A), and a single-copy gene (113-bp intron; cytological localization, 28C). We show that four of the six tRNA(Tyr) genes characterized were localized in putative 5' control regions of developmentally controlled genes transcribed by polymerase II. PMID- 3145410 TI - Pseudouridine modification in the tRNA(Tyr) anticodon is dependent on the presence, but independent of the size and sequence, of the intron in eucaryotic tRNA(Tyr) genes. AB - In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pseudouridine formation in the middle position of the tRNA(Tyr) anticodon (psi 35) is dependent on the presence of the intron in the tRNA(Tyr) gene (Johnson and Abelson, Nature 302:681-687, 1983). Drosophila melanogaster tRNA(Tyr) genes contain introns of three size classes: 20 or 21 base pairs (bp) (six genes), 48 bp (one gene), and 113 bp (one gene). As in yeast, removal of the intron led to loss of psi 35 in the anticodon when transcription was assayed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. All Drosophila intron sizes supported psi 35 formation. The same results were obtained with the homologous X. laevis tRNA(Tyr) genes containing introns of 12 or 13 bp or with a deleted intron. The introns of yeast (Nishikura and DeRobertis, J. Mol. Biol. 145:405-420, 1981), D. melanogaster, and X. laevis tRNA(Tyr) wild-type genes, while they all supported psi 35 synthesis, did not share any consensus sequences. As discussed, these results, taken together, suggest that for appropriate function the psi 35 enzyme in the X. laevis oocyte needs the presence of an unqualified intron in the tRNA gene and a tRNA(Tyr)-like structure in the unprocessed tRNA precursor. PMID- 3145411 TI - Isolation of mutations that act in trans to alter expression from a yeast hsp70 promoter. AB - Transcription of SSA1 (formerly YG100), a member of the hsp70 gene family in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, increases dramatically upon heat shock. An expression vector in which the promoter of SSA1 is fused to the Escherichia coli galactokinase gene (galK) was constructed and transformed into a galactokinase deficient yeast strain. The transformants grew on galactose at 23 degrees C, but increased expression of the SSA1-galK fusion gene inhibited growth of cells on galactose at 37 degrees C. Selection for survivors under nonpermissive conditions yielded a class of mutants, termed HSR (for heat shock regulation), which showed reduced levels of expression of the hsp70-galK gene fusion as determined by measurement of galactokinase activity. Similar effects on beta-galactosidase activity were obtained when an SSA1-lacZ fusion vector was introduced into the mutants, suggesting action in trans through the SSA1 promoter. Analysis of Northern (RNA) blots demonstrated that the reduction in expression was a result of decreased mRNA levels for the fusion gene. In addition, mRNA levels of the endogenous SSA1 gene are reduced in an HSR mutant. Genetic analysis has shown that these mutations act in trans and affect both transcription from the SSA1 promoter and turnover of the fusion transcript. These are the first trans-acting mutations known to affect directly the transcriptional regulation and transcript stability of heat shock genes in eucaryotes. PMID- 3145413 TI - Heat shock protection against cold stress of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Heat shock protein synthesis can be induced during recovery from cold treatment of Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Survival of larvae after a cold treatment is dramatically improved by a mild heat shock just before the cold shock. The conditions which induce tolerance to cold are similar to those which confer tolerance to heat. PMID- 3145414 TI - Differential stimulation of histone and high mobility group chromatin protein synthesis in the rat uterus by estrogen. AB - Uterine tissue isolated from immature rats at different times after estradiol injection was incubated with medium containing [3H]lysine. The acid-extractable protein from the uterine tissue was subjected to electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate and acid-urea-Triton X-100 polyacrylamide gels, and the rate of chromatin protein synthesis determined by densitometric analysis of the fluorographs of the gels. Synthesis of chromatin proteins (histones and high mobility group chromatin proteins) was stimulated by 3 h after estrogen treatment and reached a peak at 9 h, several hours before DNA synthesis was stimulated. Synthesis of chromatin proteins occurred at the same time as total cellular protein synthesis. Estrogen stimulated the synthesis of histone variants at different rates, but the accumulation of histone proteins remained coordinated such that equivalent amounts of histone proteins were being produced at any one time. PMID- 3145412 TI - The NF-kappa B-binding site mediates phorbol ester-inducible transcription in nonlymphoid cells. AB - The mouse immunoglobulin kappa light-chain enhancer can interact with at least three independent nuclear proteins. One of these proteins, NF-kappa B, is constitutively present only in nuclear extracts derived from B cells and plasma cells. A DNA-binding protein with the same sequence specificity (and therefore presumed to be NF-kappa B itself) can be induced in pre-B cells, T cells, and nonlymphoid cells by phorbol 12-acetate-13-myristate (PMA); however, it is not clear whether the induced factor can activate transcription in nonlymphoid cells as NF-kappa B does in B cells. In this paper we show that multimerization of a fragment of the mouse kappa enhancer that carried only the binding site for NF kappa B behaved like a B-cell-specific regulatory element. Furthermore, this unit served to activate transcription in nonlymphoid cells after treatment with PMA (but not with cyclic AMP derivatives), and the kinetics of transcription activation correlated well with the kinetics of factor induction. Thus, the induced DNA-binding activity appeared to be functionally indistinguishable from that of NF-kappa B. PMID- 3145415 TI - [Nutritional problems in developing countries: priorities for the pediatrician]. AB - Problems of nutrition in Third World countries must be approached on several levels with different emphases (a) the child (thoroughly tested and economical treatment); (b) mother and child (information about food given to children at home); (c) household (provision of supplies concentrated on households in which growth retardation is observed in children); (d) national (government health programs aimed at improvement of resources available to needy families mus be intensified); (e) international (with a great many specific socioeconomic problems to be tackled). The priorities in our attempts to solve the problems of adequate nutrition for children must be: analysis of the background to existing malnutrition; the development of standardized approaches; special training for medical and paramedical workers involved; evaluation of results; communication of procedures and results to others. PMID- 3145416 TI - [Pelvic and femoral vein thrombosis in childhood]. AB - Deep venous thromboses in the lower extremities were observed in three boys aged 8, 10, and 12 years. In one case, it must have originated from circulatory depression during diabetic ketoacidosis. In two children, osteomyelitis was detected in the proximity; they developed septic pulmonary embolism. Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis as possible cause or consequence should be actively looked for in septic thromboembolism. PMID- 3145417 TI - The diverse neurological features of Niemann-Pick disease type C: a report of two cases. AB - Two cases of Niemann-Pick disease type C are described in order to illustrate the variable neurological features of this rare condition. One presented with a predominantly akinetic-rigid syndrome at the age of 5 years. The second developed progressive ataxia, accompanied by a vertical gaze palsy, when she was 13. Neither patient had hepatosplenomegaly; the diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease type C was based on finding foamy storage cells in bone marrow aspirates. PMID- 3145418 TI - Case 3, 1988. Progressive myoclonic epilepsy, dementia, and blindness in a young girl. PMID- 3145419 TI - [Reduced frequency of homologous recombination in Bacillus subtilis mutants resistant to novobiocin]. AB - B. subtilis mutants resistant to novobiocin that were selected after treatment of the strain SB25 by nitrosoguanidine acquired the slow growth, increased UV sensitivity, the low frequency of homologous recombination in transduction and transformation. The mutant strains are characterized by the low activity of the double stranded DNA-dependent ATP-ase peculiar for cells with impaired B-subunit of DNA-gyrase. PMID- 3145420 TI - Nursing responsibilities in implementing intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring. PMID- 3145421 TI - How to get the most out of a conference. PMID- 3145422 TI - Adolescent drug abuse: analyses of treatment research. Technical review meeting, November 6-7, 1985, Bethesda, Maryland. PMID- 3145423 TI - Treatment services for adolescent drug abusers: introduction and overview. PMID- 3145424 TI - Treatment validity: an approach to evaluating the quality of assessment. PMID- 3145425 TI - Adolescent drug use: suggestions for future research. PMID- 3145426 TI - Substance abuse in adolescents: diagnostic issues derived from studies of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. PMID- 3145427 TI - Empirical guidelines for optimal client-treatment matching. PMID- 3145428 TI - Family-based approaches to reducing adolescent substance use: theories, techniques and findings. AB - There has been much discussion over the last two decades concerning the theoretical and philosophical, as well as practical merits of the two perspectives discussed in this chapter. Both theories recently have developed knowledge that benefits all researchers and practitioners and are in the process of developing more. Adherents to both orientations agree that the family and greater social context play important roles in determining adolescent substance use. They also concur that successful interventions to change adolescent behaviors include: (a) targeting behaviors appropriate for the adolescents' developmental status, (b) recognizing that adolescents are seldom self-referred, and (c) utilizing the fact that parents still potentially control much in their lives. Theoretical differences lie in choices of salient family and adolescent variables, units of measurement, levels of scientific analysis, and notions about cause and effect. Both theories, however, currently are generating knowledge that reduces adolescent substance use, and this bodes well for the future. PMID- 3145429 TI - Assessing adolescents who abuse chemicals: the chemical dependency adolescent assessment project. PMID- 3145430 TI - Parent and peer factors associated with drug sampling in early adolescence: implications for treatment. PMID- 3145431 TI - Pharmacotherapy of concomitant psychiatric disorders in adolescent substance abusers. PMID- 3145432 TI - Epidemiology of inhalant abuse: an update. Papers from the RAUS review. September 30 and October 1, 1986, Rockville, Maryland. PMID- 3145433 TI - Inhalant overview. PMID- 3145434 TI - Program experiences with the solvent abuser in Philadelphia. PMID- 3145435 TI - Inhalant use and abuse in Canada. PMID- 3145436 TI - Epidemiology of solvent/inhalant abuse in Mexico. PMID- 3145437 TI - Social and psychological factors underlying inhalant abuse. AB - There are three distinct types of inhalant users: young inhalant users, adolescent polydrug users, and inhalant-dependent adults. Young inhalant users have a modal age of 12 to 13. They use inhalants and may also use alcohol and marijuana. They are likely to have more emotional problems than nondrug users or young marijuana users. These problems, particularly when they involve feelings of anger and alienation, increase the chances that they will identify with other youth who have similar feelings. When this happens, young people form peer clusters; they find a best friend or form a small gang that has a high potential for getting involved with drugs. Most of these peer clusters use inhalants only a few times a month, although some may become obsessed with inhalant use to the exclusion of nearly all other activities. The data showing that young inhalant users have more emotional problems than either nondrug users or young marijuana users suggest that treatment should involve therapy as well as drug avoidance approaches. Every youth caught using inhalants, however, should not automatically be sent for therapy. Sometimes a youth caught using a drug is not really drug involved and overreaction can be damaging. In addition, the emotional problems of all young inhalant users are not identical. A higher average level of emotional problems only means that some of the young inhalant users have those problems, not all of them. Older adolescents, including those who used inhalants earlier, are not likely to use inhalants. Since young inhalant users seem to be troubled youth, have shown an early penchant for drug use, and have drug-using associates, it seem unlikely that they quit using drugs. They probably move on to other drugs, leaving inhalants behind. The older adolescents who do use inhalants are adolescent polydrug users, with a modal age of around 15 to 16. They take many different drugs, and some of them use inhalants as well. The adolescents who use inhalants are probably using a wider range of drugs than other adolescents and are probably getting high more often. Furthermore, they are likely to be more deviant and may be involved in more aggression and more crime. Inhalant-dependent adults usually have a long history of alcohol and other drug involvement. At some point, inhalants have become their preferred drug. By that time, they are usually in their midtwenties to early thirties. They have serious problems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3145438 TI - Inhalant abuse by young children. PMID- 3145439 TI - Indian youth and inhalants: an update. AB - There is some basis for the perception that Indian youth are more susceptible to inhalant use than their non-Indian peers. Many Indian youth live in disadvantaged and often stressful environments that set the stage for turning to drugs for relief or to seek excitement. Inhalants are cheap and available even to very young children. While levels of inhalant use are comparatively high, the tendency to overrate this use and to label all Indian youth as inhalant abusers must be avoided. By the time Indian youth reach their senior year, only around 4 percent are using inhalants seriously enough to warrant concern. On the other hand, those 4 percent cannot be ignored and, for them, prevention efforts at earlier ages could avert a great deal of needless suffering. Furthermore, there are a significant number of school dropouts who are likely to be chronically inhalant involved. The age pattern of inhalant use indicates that such use by Indian youth begins when they are very young--the predisposing factors are well in place by the 4th and 5th grades. Prevention efforts may need to start very early if they are to succeed. PMID- 3145440 TI - Inhalant abuse in a small rural South Texas community: a social epidemiological overview. PMID- 3145441 TI - The continuing problem of youthful solvent abuse in New York State. AB - The major finding in the comparison of surveys of New York State secondary school students is the increasing use of solvents in this population over time. What in 1974-75 seemed to be limited use, by 1983 was found to be of widespread use. Very much like the survey of 1974-75 and the findings in the literature, age of first use together with the recentness of use appears to cluster in the preteens or the early teen years and tapers off during the teen years. Of interest is the fact that, along with the general upward rate of use over the surveys, those 18 years or older also show an upward trend. Some evidence in the recent literature indicates that adults, too, are found to have a problem with inhalants. Similar to the 1974-75 survey, but unlike findings in the literature, males and females continue to show similar rates of solvent use. Although males do generally surpass females in these use rates, the differences are usually not significant. In light of the literature on solvent abuse among Hispanic youth, the 1978 and 1983 surveys indicated mixed findings. Hispanic students in New York City consistently showed intermediate levels of solvent use; whereas, in 1983, Hispanic students residing in areas of the state outside of New York City showed excessive rates of solvent use. To the extent that the problem of acculturation among poor Hispanic youth may contribute to solvent abuse, an explanation may be found in the contrasts between living in New York City and living in the rest of the State. In New York City, which has an extremely large Hispanic population (about 20 percent of the population), feelings of isolation and cultural distance may not be so profound. In the rest of the state, where the proportion of Hispanics is quite small (about 2 percent of the population), these cultural problems may be more of a factor. Reasons, however, for the extraordinary increase in solvent use among those Hispanic youth, specifically between 1978 and 1983, are difficult to offer. Again, very similar to the 1974-75 findings, the 1978 and 1983 surveys found a strong relationship between solvent use and poor academic performance. Furthermore, the early findings relating to solvent use to a lack of family cohesion was supported by the 1978 survey where comparable information was gathered. The pattern of drug-using or polydrug use found among solvent users in the 1974-75 survey was underscored by the findings in the subsequent surveys.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3145442 TI - Current topics in inhalant abuse. PMID- 3145444 TI - Mechanisms of cocaine abuse and toxicity. Papers from a technical review. September 21-23, 1987, Rockville, MD. PMID- 3145443 TI - Pharmacological effects of cocaine relevant to its abuse. PMID- 3145445 TI - Behavioral studies of the reinforcing properties of cocaine. AB - In this chapter, the behavioral characteristics of cocaine self-administration were described. Cocaine is a powerful positive reinforcer, and its reinforcing properties have been demonstrated in every species tested, across an enormous range of conditions in experimental studies with animals. To compare the reinforcing efficacy of cocaine with that of other drugs, to determine how these effects might change under different environmental conditions, and, in the present context, to determine their underlying molecular mechanisms require that its reinforcing properties be assessed using indices that are not influenced by the multitude of other pharmacological effects that are produced by cocaine. Many procedures rely on rate of responding or levels of cocaine self-administration as a measure of reinforcing properties, but these may not be adequate. The use of more sophisticated approaches that utilize nonrate measures or an assessment of the resistance of drug-maintained responding to perturbations may enable neuroscientists to design more definitive studies. PMID- 3145446 TI - Reinforcement pathways for cocaine. PMID- 3145447 TI - Cocaine receptors on dopamine transporters mediate cocaine-reinforced behavior. PMID- 3145448 TI - Multiple dopamine receptors and the behavioral effects of cocaine. AB - Cocaine has a number of behavioral effects that are typical of psychomotor stimulants and likely involve DA mechanisms in the brain. These effects include, but are not limited to, reinforcing effects, discriminative stimulus effects, locomotor effects, effects on food intake, and effects on schedule-controlled behavior. The available data suggest that D-2 receptors are involved in the reinforcing effects of cocaine, although the jury is still out concerning the role of D-1 receptors. NE receptors apparently do not play a major role in this effect. The role of D-2 receptors in the discriminative stimulus effects is unclear because of partial substitution and partial blockade effects with D-2 agonists and antagonists, respectively. Data with D-1 agonists and antagonists suggest that D-1 receptors may play a necessary-but-not-sufficient role in the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine. Moreover, results in several species suggest that NE may be important in this effect of cocaine. Very little data currently exist concerning the role of DA receptor subtypes in the other behavioral effects of cocaine. However, data with d-amphetamine suggest that D-1 as well as D-2 receptors should be investigated. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that NE is involved in some of cocaine's effects as well, an action that should be considered further. So, what mediates the behavioral effects of cocaine? Clearly, the answer is not a simple one, basically because the CNS pharmacology of cocaine is complex. In addition to the effects we have concentrated on, cocaine has effects on other neurotransmitters and local anesthetic effects that must be considered. It is impossible to say that any one pharmacological effect of cocaine mediates its behavioral effects, indeed even that it mediates any one behavioral effect. In fact, the word "mediates" is surely virtually meaningless in the context of the CNS. Perhaps the best that can be said about the role of DA receptors in the reinforcing effects of cocaine is they are likely a link in a chain of events that ultimately results in the sensations produced by cocaine. Surely numerous other, perhaps more critical, links remain to be discovered. It is an exciting time to be doing research with cocaine. PMID- 3145449 TI - Neurobehavioral pharmacology of cocaine. PMID- 3145450 TI - Genetic differences in responses to cocaine. PMID- 3145452 TI - Lack of toxic effects of cocaine on dopamine or serotonin neurons in the rat brain. PMID- 3145451 TI - Hepatotoxicity of cocaine. PMID- 3145453 TI - Developmental effects of cocaine. PMID- 3145454 TI - Cardiovascular toxicity of cocaine. PMID- 3145455 TI - Arteriosclerotic toxicity of cocaine. AB - The repeated injection of cocaine results in the formation of arteriosclerotic lesions in rabbits, which appear to be similar to early arteriosclerotic lesions seen in man. Biochemically, the aortas exhibited increased rates of protein synthesis, without any change in tissue cholesterol content. The cocaine-treated rabbits exhibited no change in serum cholesterol levels. These data suggest that the abuse of cocaine may result in damage to the aorta, which could result in the premature onset of cardiovascular disease and its complications. PMID- 3145456 TI - Mechanisms of cocaine abuse and toxicity: an overview. PMID- 3145457 TI - Modulation of cocaine receptors. PMID- 3145459 TI - The interaction of cocaine with central serotonergic neuronal systems: cellular electrophysiologic approaches. PMID- 3145458 TI - Sensitization to cocaine in the nigrostriatal dopamine system. AB - Behavioral sensitization involving the nigrostriatal dopaminergic tract is manifested after treatment with only a single dose of cocaine and is augmented following repeated treatment. One neurochemical change observed that is consistent with behavioral sensitization is the increase in amphetamine-induced 3H-DA release from striatal slices seen after one injection of cocaine. One day after repeated administration of cocaine, however, the increase is no longer evident. It is possible that transient compensatory changes, such as increased D 2 autoreceptor inhibition, may obscure this effect when it is measured at relatively short times after the repeated administration has been terminated. One day after cessation of repeated cocaine administration, D-2 autoreceptors in both striatum and substantia nigra compacta were upregulated consistent with a compensatory mechanism and the development of behavioral tolerance rather than sensitization. In contrast, DA content, neuronal DA uptake, and postsynaptic D-2 DA receptors in striatum were not regulated by this treatment. Likewise, D-1 DA receptors in striatum and substantia nigra were unaffected. In the mesolimbic system, both the pre- and postsynaptic receptor changes are consistent with sensitization. Amphetamine-stimulated release from nucleus accumbens has not yet been measured in cocaine-sensitized animals. It is possible that changes similar to those seen in striatum may occur in this area. It is interesting that, in general, presynaptic parameters associated with the DA neuron, with the notable exception of the uptake pump, appear to be more sensitive to regulation by cocaine administration than do postsynaptic parameters. The long-lasting effects of a single moderate dose of cocaine are also surprising. It will be important to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation and whether or not similar changes are induced in mesolimbic dopaminergic systems by single and repeated administration of cocaine. PMID- 3145460 TI - The effects of cocaine on local cerebral metabolic activity. PMID- 3145461 TI - Nutrition lifeline. PMID- 3145462 TI - [Role of calcium ions in the processes of modulation of serotonin responses of Helix pomatia neurons to the application of serotonin]. AB - Role of calcium ions in modulating action of serotonin on acetylcholine (ACh) responses in nonidentified and identified (LPa3, RPa3) neurons of Helix pomatia was studied using the voltage-clamp method. An exposure for 1 min to serotonin before ACh application decreased the ACh response in the LPa3 neuron and increased it in the RPa3 neuron. Extracellular administration of theophylline and dibutyryl-cAMP produced analogous effects in these neurons. The injection of calcium ions into LPa3 neuron increased the ACh-induced current in the presence of serotonin, i.e. changed the type of the modulating action of serotonin on the ACh response in this neuron. The injection of calcium ions into the RPa3 neuron enhanced modulating action of serotonin on the ACh response without any change in a type of modulation, while EDTA injection elicited opposite effects. The increase of extracellular calcium concentration inhibited modulating action of serotonin on acetylcholine responses in RPa3 neuron. The regulatory role of calcium ions in the modulating action of serotonin on acetylcholine responses in tested neurons and participation of cAMP are discussed. PMID- 3145463 TI - Neuron numbers and sizes in aging brain: comparisons of human, monkey, and rodent data. AB - One of the several sources of interest in aging animal brains is their potential as models of the aging human brain. In this review we examine whether neuron numbers and sizes change similarly in aging human, monkey and rodent brain regions which data are available from more than one species. The number of brain regions studied in more than one species is surprisingly limited. Some regions show correspondence in age-related changes between humans and selected animal models (primary visual cortex, CA1 of hippocampus). For the majority of regions the data are conflicting, even within one species (e.g., somatosensory cortex, frontal cortex, cerebellum, cholinergic forebrain areas, locus coeruleus). Although some of the conflicting data may be attributed to procedural differences, particularly when data are expressed as density changes, much must be attributed to real species and/or strain differences in rodents. We conclude that neuron numbers and sizes may show similar age-related changes in human and animal brains only for sharply defined brain regions, animal species and/or strains, and age ranges. PMID- 3145464 TI - Toward a nonhuman primate model of age-dependent cognitive dysfunction. AB - Neuropsychological studies of memory function in young subjects have provided a valuable strategy for developing a nonhuman primate model of age-dependent cognitive dysfunction. This approach suggests specific directions for future research and underscores the importance of appropriate behavioral analyses in efforts to identify the neural basis of age-related cognitive decline. PMID- 3145465 TI - The neural basis of memory decline in aged monkeys. AB - Nonhuman primates experience changes in behavior as they progress into old age. Visual recognition, spatial learning, habit formation, and visuospatial manipulation are impaired in aged rhesus monkeys relative to young controls. We have begun to study the possible neural substrate for these changes, focusing on brain areas that are known, from lesion studies, to be essential for the successful performance of specific tasks. Aged nonhuman primates develop senile plaques, most commonly in amygdala, hippocampus, and neocortex. Our preliminary data suggest that the density of plaques may be related to poor behavioral performance in some aged monkeys. However, behavioral decline begins before the appearance of significant numbers of senile plaques, suggesting that other factors may interfere with cognition. Numerous studies of several genera have shown that receptors for neurotransmitters decline in number between the adolescent years and old age. Our autoradiographic analyses of primate temporal neocortex demonstrate loss of muscarinic, nicotinic, dopaminergic and serotoninergic receptor binding sites between the ages of 2 and 22 years. Preliminary data indicate that markers for adenyl cyclase and phosphatidyl inositol second-messenger systems also are reduced in temporal cortex. Although these declines represent a potential substrate for behavioral changes, no studies have directly related a decrease in receptor number to deficits in learning and memory in aged primates. Other changes in the aging brain include loss of neurons, reduced neurochemical markers, and decreased content of neuronal ribonucleic acid (RNA). All of these decrements may be interrelated to some extent in that decreased RNA could result in changes in neurochemical markers and receptors and, eventually, in dysfunction and death of neurons. These observations underscore the importance of establishing a time course for age associated neural abnormalities, examining regions of brain in which changes are most likely to occur, and studying their relationship to the progression of behavioral dysfunction. Detailed anatomical analyses of the distribution of in situ uptake/receptor binding sites and messenger RNA (mRNA) in aged nonhuman primates may clarify some of the factors that most likely contribute to behavioral changes in elderly humans. PMID- 3145466 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of chronic spinal cord compressive lesion at thoraco lumbar junction]. AB - Radiological findings in five cases with chronic spinal cord compressive lesion at thoraco-lumbar junction were reported. Three cases had spondylosis and two cases had ossification of yellow ligament (OYL). The levels of the lesions were T12/L1 in three cases and T11/12 in two cases. Two out of three spondylotic patients had also OYL at the same level. The five cases consisted of three men and two women. The ages ranged from 42 to 60 years old with a mean age of 53 years old. Neurologically, every patient showed flaccid paresis and sensory disturbance of the legs. Two cases had sensory disturbance of stocking type. The intervals from the onset of the symptoms to the final diagnosis were 6 months, 7 years, 8 years, 11 years and 12 years. Myelography showed anterior spinal cord compression by bony spur in spondylotic patients, and posterior compression by OYL in other cases. Myelography in flexion posture disclosed the cord compression by bony spur more clearly in two out of three spondylotic patients. Delayed CT myelography showed intramedullary filling of contrast material in two cases, which indicated degenerative change or microcavitation due to long term compression of the spinal cord. MRI was taken in three spondylotic patients and could directly show compression of the spinal cord. Difficulty in detecting abnormality at thoraco-lumbar junction on plain roentgenogram, and similarity of the symptoms to peripheral nerve disease often lead to a delay in diagnosis. The significance of dynamic myelography and delayed CT-myelography when dealing with such a lesion was discussed here.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145467 TI - [Glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament protein in medulloblastoma]. AB - Medulloblastoma is the most common primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) with the potential to differentiate along glial or neuronal lines. Thirty cases of medulloblastoma were tested by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method with anti-GFAP serum (DAKO) and by the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method with 68kd subunit of anti-NF antibody. All the cases were classified into three subtypes based on these immunohistochemical findings and were analyzed in relation to clinico-pathological features. Fifteen of thirty medulloblastomas contained GFAP positive cells, seventeen showed cells reacting to NF. The reactions for both proteins were present in eight medulloblastomas (PNET-BD, bipotential differentiation). Seventeen medulloblastomas reacted to only one protein (PNET-MD, monopotential differentiation). No reaction for either was found in five cases (PNET-NOS, not otherwise specified). The two year survival rate was 12.5% for PNET-BD compared to 49.2% for PNET-MD and 53.3% for PNET-NOS. Nine variables, i.e. age, tumor stage, metastatic stage, operation, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, histology, GFAP and NF, were analyzed using Cox's proportional hazard model. This revealed that the significant factors were tumor stage (p = 0.0002), GFAP (p = 0.0008) and operation (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, GFAP is the most important histological factor for prognosis and medulloblastoma without glial differentiation has a much better prognosis than one with glial differentiation. PMID- 3145468 TI - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone associated peptide (GAP) and putative processed GAP peptides do not release luteinizing hormone or follicle-stimulating hormone or inhibit prolactin secretion in the sheep. AB - A series of experiments was performed to monitor plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin responses to human gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) associated peptide (GAP) and related peptides. Ovariectomized hypothalamo-pituitary disconnected (HPD) ewes were challenged with injections (1-10 micrograms i.v.) of GAP, or given, with and without estradiol, hourly 500- or 1,000-ng pulses of GAP for 5-7 days. In all cases GAP failed to cause the release of LH or FSH from the pituitary gland or to alter mean plasma prolactin concentrations. When the same HPD ewes were given hourly or 2-hourly pulses of 250 ng GnRH, LH responded in a a pulsatile manner, and FSH secretion was maintained, thus confirming the functional integrity of the pituitary gland after HPD. Fragments of the GAP molecule (pro-GnRH 14-36, 28-36, 38-49, and 51 66) and GAP dimer did not stimulate LH or FSH or inhibit prolactin release in HPD ewes. GAP and GAP dimer did not affect pituitary responsiveness to GnRH administration. GAP also failed to inhibit the thyrotropin-releasing hormone induced rise in prolactin. Finally, GAP injections (100 micrograms i.v.) given to lactating ewes did not cause any change in plasma prolactin concentrations. These data show that human GAP, GAP dimer, or putative processed GAP peptides do not act on the sheep pituitary gland in a variety of physiological states to regulate gonadotropin or prolactin secretion. PMID- 3145469 TI - Androgens exert selective effects on protein kinase C induced LH and FSH release in rat anterior pituitary cells in culture. AB - This study compares the selective effect of androgens on luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release induced either by LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) or by protein kinase C activation in rat anterior pituitary cells in culture. In control cells, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) stimulated the release of radioimmunoassayable LH and FSH in a dose-dependent manner at an ED50 value of 5.95 +/- 1.45 nM. The maximal release of gonadotropins induced during a 3-hour incubation with PMA was 40-60% of that induced by LH-RH. Preincubation of the cells for 2-4 days with 10 nM 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) decreased by approximately 60% the subsequent release of LH induced by 100 nM LH-RH or by 500 nM PMA during a subsequent 3-hour incubation. The inhibitory effect of DHT was completely suppressed by coincubation with the antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide. DHT exerted a similar inhibitory effect on LH release induced by another stimulator of protein kinase C activity, namely 1-oleoyl-2 acetylglycerol. The potent inhibitory action of DHT on LH-RH- or PMA-induced LH release was exerted at an ED50 value of approximately 10 pM. Contrary to the effect on LH, the FSH response to LH-RH or to PMA was increased by preincubation with 2 nM DHT, the stimulatory effect of the androgen being completely antagonized by hydroxyflutamide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145471 TI - Validation of the lateral limits technique with a callosotomy patient. AB - The lateral limits technique, presented by Myers and Sperry, was evaluated with a right-handed callosotomy patient. Consistent with traditional tachistoscopic findings, right visual-field presentations were superior for naming of letters and pictures, as well as rhyming. Left field presentations were superior for line orientation. Determination of the testing fields was insufficiently precise when the blind spot was used as a reference. An eye asymmetry was observed in both location of lateral limits and visual acuity. However, complete lateralization of input without interhemispheric transfer was achieved when presentation was made to fields of equal acuity. We conclude that the technique is valid and valuable for prolonged unilateral stimulation, but that care must be taken in determining appropriate and comparable testing fields. PMID- 3145470 TI - A possible role for lipoxygenase and epoxygenase arachidonate metabolites in prolactin release from pituitary cells. AB - We studied the effects of selected leukotrienes and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) on prolactin release from primary cultures of female rats anterior pituitary cells. Leukotrienes B4, C4, and D4 had no effect on basal prolactin release; however, they did enhance prolactin release that was stimulated by 1 or 5 nM thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Leukotriene C4 also enhanced prolactin release that was induced by phorbol myristate acetate (a protein kinase C activator) by maitotoxin (a calcium uptake stimulator), and by angiotensin II. 5 HETE, 12-HETE, and 15-HETE stimulated basal prolactin release at high concentrations (1 microM and greater), and 5-HETE and 12-HETE enhanced TRH- and angiotensin II-induced prolactin release at lower (nanomolar) concentrations as well. In order to determine the role of endogenous arachidonate metabolites in prolactin release, pituitary cell cultures were exposed to selected inhibitors of the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme, which metabolizes arachidonate to leukotrienes and 5 HETE, and to those of the epoxygenase enzyme, which metabolizes arachidonate to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. These inhibitors decreased basal and secretagogue induced prolactin release. In additional experiments, it was determined that TRH enhances the liberation from pituitary cells of arachidonate metabolites with high-performance liquid chromatography elution profiles similar to those of leukotriene C4 and omega-OH-leukotriene B4 (a metabolite of leukotriene B4) and the HETEs. Therefore, the production of leukotrienes, HETEs, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids may be necessary for the normal release of prolactin. PMID- 3145472 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse and Recklinghausen's disease. Description of a case]. PMID- 3145473 TI - [Potentiating drugs in postoperative pain control with opiates for patient controlled analgesia]. PMID- 3145474 TI - The biosynthesis of penicillins and cephalosporins. PMID- 3145475 TI - 114Inm oxine-labelled lymphocytes--therapeutic applications. AB - It has shown that, after intravenous administration of autologous lymphocytes labelled with the beta-emitting radionuclide 114Inm, the cells initially migrate normally before succumbing to the toxic effects of the radiation. The radioactive material is then released from the cell and taken up by neighbouring radioresistant macrophages, thereby localizing a field of radiation to the site of lymphocyte death. Using this technique, lymphocytopoenia has been produced in rats. We have measured the whole-body distribution and excretion of radioactivity in patients who received escalating activities of 114Inm-labelled lymphocytes. All patients had active non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the spleen and liver which proved resistant to combination chemotherapy and conventional radiotherapy. Following intravenous administration, the labelled cells cleared rapidly from the vasculature with only 15% remaining in the peripheral blood at 30 min. The radioactivity continued to fall over the next 5 days to approximately 3% and was maintained at approximately 2% for up to 90 days. There was an almost immediate uptake of radioactivity by the spleen and liver which reached approximately 85% of the injected dose by 48 h. The localization of radioactivity stabilized by 48 h and thereafter the whole-body content fell by approximately 0.8% per day. Up to 5% of the administered radioactivity accumulated in the bone marrow. The activities administered were too low to produce a therapeutic response and no toxicity was experienced by the patients. A therapeutic study at higher activities is now underway. PMID- 3145476 TI - Use of expanded spectrum cephalosporins for the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infections. AB - The antianaerobic cephalosporins, cefoxitin, ceftizoxime, cefotetan, and moxalactam, are compared in the treatment of obstetric/gynecologic infections associated with mixed aerobic and anaerobic pathogens. All of the antianaerobic cephalosporins have demonstrated similar efficacy in the treatment of mixed female genital tract infections. Thus, antibiotic selection requires a comparison of the antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and overall cost of therapy. All agents have excellent activity against the Gram-negative bacilli, and recent comparative data show that ceftizoxime is highly active against the Bacteroides sp. Dosing frequency and drug toxicity contribute to the overall cost of drug therapy. Cefoxitin is the only antianaerobic cephalosporin that cannot be dosed on a 12-hour basis. Ceftizoxime and cefoxitin, unlike moxalactam and cefotetan, do not contain the MTT group that has been associated with bleeding abnormalities. Substantial cost savings can be realized by using an antianaerobic cephalosporin administered every 12 hours. The experience at the Chicago Lying-in Hospital is presented. PMID- 3145477 TI - Lysosomal enzyme levels in corneal storage media. K-Sol versus McCarey-Kaufman. AB - Evidence indicates that lysosomal enzymes can carry out corneal autolysis during corneal storage and that they are damaging to the corneal endothelium. The authors investigated the release of lysosomal enzymes into two corneal storage media (K-Sol and McCarey-Kaufman [M-K]) by paired human donor corneas during 4 degrees C storage. The authors also studied the interaction of these media with lysosomal enzymes from human cornea. K-Sol and M-K stimulated (P less than 0.01) both beta-glucuronidase and alpha-galactosidase about equally. beta-N-Acetyl glucosaminidase, a major catabolic enzyme of the cornea, was inhibited by the chondroitin sulfate in K-Sol by over 90% (P less than 0.01). Corneas stored in M K released more lysosomal enzymes than corneas stored in K-Sol. At 4 days, the values approached significance (P less than 0.06) and by day 10 significantly higher values were found in the M-K media (P less than 0.01). Both storage methods showed a linear release. Individual corneas were found to vary in their release rates. Whether corneas that release more enzyme will show higher endothelial cell loss or produce less successful penetrating keratoplasty grafts deserves further study. PMID- 3145478 TI - Intraocular neurilemmoma arising from the posterior ciliary nerve in neurofibromatosis. Pathologic findings. AB - A classic neurilemmoma was found in the eye of a 31-year-old man with known neurofibromatosis. The pathologic features of this rare intraocular tumor were examined histologically, immunohistochemically, and ultrastructurally. Contiguity of the neurilemmoma with its nerve of origin, the long posterior ciliary nerve, was clearly demonstrated. Expansion of the nerve by proliferating Schwann's cells was present. PMID- 3145479 TI - [EEG changes in Ambilhar therapy in children with bilharziasis]. PMID- 3145480 TI - Human myeloid differentiation antigens identified by monoclonal antibodies to the myelomonocytic leukemia cell line RC-2A. AB - Murine monoclonal antibodies to human myeloid cell surface differentiation antigens were prepared using the myelomonocytic leukemia cell line RC-2A as immunogen. Using a highly sensitive colorimetric assay, antibodies were selected as myeloid-associated based on their binding to RC-2A cells, but not to cells of the autologous EBV-transformed* B cell line Cess-B. Antibodies to five distinct cell surface antigens were extensively characterized for their binding to normal and leukemic hemopoietic cells, and to tissue sections. Three antibodies may identify antigens previously described in the International Leucocyte Typing Workshops (CD14, CD11b and CD31). The other two antigens appear to be expressed at low levels on the surface of RC-2A cells, and do not correspond to existing CD groups. One of these is also present on monocytes and neutrophils. Both were present on myeloid progenitor cells, as judged by depletion experiments with antibody and complement, although neither bound appreciably to myeloid leukemic cells as judged by indirect immunofluorescence. The other three antibodies bound preferentially to leukemic specimens displaying monocytic differentiation. Four of the antibodies could be demonstrated to bind to cells in frozen sections of tonsil and small intestine and all gave distinct patterns of reactivity. In particular, these antibodies differed markedly in their binding to endothelium, follicular dendritic cells and various types of tissue macrophages. These antibodies may be useful in the study of the differentiation of myeloid cells and in studies of immunologically mediated disease such as allograft rejection. PMID- 3145481 TI - Taurine supplementation: theoretical and practical considerations. PMID- 3145482 TI - Fluorocarbon ventilation: maximal expiratory flows and CO2 elimination. AB - Elimination of CO2 during liquid ventilation is dependent on flow, diffusion, and the liquid's capacitance for CO2. Maximum expiratory flow (Vmax) and diffusion dead space were measured in vivo in 12 young cats during liquid fluorocarbon (FC 80) ventilation to determine the effect of breathing frequency on maximum CO2 elimination. All animals were maintained (PaO2 = 255 +/- 19 SEM mm Hg, PaCO2 = 35 +/- 1 SEM mm Hg, pH = 7.31 +/- 0.01 SEM) within physiologic range during 1-4 h of liquid ventilation. The Vmax in air (26 +/- 1 SEM liter/min) and in liquid (1.2 +/- 0.2 SEM liter/min) was determined by volume displacement plethysmography. Diffusion dead space (VDdiff) during liquid ventilation as a ratio of alveolar volume (VA) was well correlated (r = 0.84, p less than 0.005) with the average time (tav) the liquid was in the lung [VDdiff/VA = 0.89 e (-0.053 tav)]. Alveolar ventilation, CO2 elimination (VCO2), and PaCO2 were not affected by breathing frequency (f) when tidal volume was adjusted appropriately during steady state liquid ventilation. Predicted maximum CO2 elimination (VCO2max) determined from Vmax and VDdiff was 24 ml/min at a f of 3-3.5 breaths/min. The maximum was found to be strongly dependent on f with much less dependency on fixed dead space (anatomic plus equipment) and wave shape characteristics. Elimination of CO2 decreased at low values of f due to inadequate ventilation and at high values of f due to inadequate diffusion time. From a comparison of experimentally determined steady state VCO2 to theoretically predicted VCO2max, the results demonstrate a f-related functional reserve capacity for CO2 elimination during liquid ventilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145483 TI - Sequential intrahepatic metabolic effects of enteric galactose alimentation in newborn rats. AB - We determined metabolic responses after enteric galactose alimentation in 5- to 7 day-old newborn rats fasted for 24 h. The glycemic response was attenuated after enteric galactose feeding compared with the response after enteric glucose-fed rat pups. 14C radioactivity in blood from galactose-fed pups was reduced as counts in blood galactose were lower than counts in blood glucose in glucose-fed pups. Nonetheless within 15 min, [14C] from galactose appeared in blood glucose suggesting rapid conversion of galactose to glucose. The plasma insulin response was also attenuated after galactose feeding compared with the insulin response after enteric glucose. Hepatic glycogen content increased rapidly after enteric galactose feeding and was higher than after glucose feeding at 60, 120, and 180 min. Significant glycogen synthesis after oral glucose was delayed and occurred at 240 min. Carbon radioactivity in glycogen was higher in galactose fed pups between 15 and 360 min of the study. Serial determination of hepatic metabolites revealed an increase of galactose-1-phosphate levels after oral galactose at 240 and 300 min and a transient decline of ATP at 15 min. Other hepatic metabolites did not demonstrate significant differences between the two groups. These data suggest that hepatic glycogen synthesis is more rapid and occurs sooner after galactose than after glucose alimentation in previously fasted newborn rats. Galactose may enter a more direct pathway for neonatal hepatic glycogen synthesis. The relatively delayed entry of glucose label into hepatic glycogen and the delay of net glycogen synthesis after oral glucose suggest that glucose entry is not direct and may require further metabolism before incorporation into glycogen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145484 TI - Effects of beta-2 agonist on hepatic glycogen metabolism in the fetal lamb. AB - To determine the effects of fetal beta-2 agonist exposure on fetal hepatic glycogen metabolism, we infused ritodrine at a rate of 1.3 +/- 0.4 microgram/kg/min (mean +/- SD) for 24 h into six chronically catheterized twin fetal lambs starting between 128 and 134 days gestation. The control twins received 0.9% saline at 1.2 +/- 0.12 ml/kg/h. In addition, 15 uncatheterized fetuses were killed between 115 and 148 days gestation as unoperated controls. Ritodrine infusion produced a 1.7-fold elevation in fetal serum glucose level, from 23 +/- 5 to 42 +/- 15 mg/dl, and a 2-fold elevation in serum insulin level, from 16 +/- 5 to 34 +/- 8 mg/ml, p less than 0.01. Hepatic glycogen content increased 7-fold in the uncatheterized controls between 115 and 148 days gestation (r = 0.9, p less than 0.001). Ritodrine infusion reduced hepatic glycogen content by 50% from 179 +/- 19 micrograms/mg in twin controls to 90 +/- 25 micrograms/mg in the ritodrine-infused twins, p less than 0.001. Hepatic glycogen phosphorylase kinase activity was elevated 1.3-fold from 0.149 +/- 0.100 mU/mg protein in control twins to 0.186 +/- 0.007 mU/mg protein in the ritodrine infused twins, p less than 0.001. Glycogen phosphorylase a activity was also increased 1.4-fold from 8.60 +/- 0.76 nM NADPH/min/mg protein in control twins to 11.85 +/- 0.68 nM NADPH/min/mg protein in the ritodrine infused twins, p less than 0.001.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145485 TI - Long-term neurological effects of bone marrow transplantation in a canine lysosomal storage disease. AB - A naturally occurring disease in Plott hound dogs, caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase, was used to study the feasibility of bone marrow transplantation therapy in a neurodegenerative storage disease. Three long term survivors of transplantation with littermate marrow at 5 months of age (before clinical signs) had CNS enzyme activity, glycosaminoglycan storage, and light microscopic and ultrastructural changes evaluated 594, 628, and 740 days after treatment. Iduronidase activity in small amounts (1-3% of donor values) was detectable in brain tissue. Cerebrospinal fluid had higher iduronidase activity after transplantation (7-15% of donor values). Enzyme activity within the CNS resulted in significant reductions in stored glycosaminoglycans and resolution, to a large extent, of light microscopic and ultrastructural lesions observed in affected, untreated littermate control dogs. PMID- 3145486 TI - [Dietotherapy and "dietodiagnosis" of various types of food product intolerance in nursing infants]. PMID- 3145487 TI - Sublingual nitroglycerin. I. Comparative evaluation of the physical stability of commercially available tablets. AB - The physical stability of one type of stabilized molded and three types of compressed nitroglycerin tablets was studied. The evaporation rate of nitroglycerin was controlled by its vapour pressure and by the matrix effect of the dosage forms. The four products showed different vapour pressures and matrix effects. In time nitroglycerin escapes from the outmost layers of the tablets; the dosage form in which the drug showed the lowest vapour pressure (the stabilized molded tablet) was found to be the most stable one. However, from the time when the drug had escaped from the outmost layers of the dosage form, the matrix effect became dominant. When nitroglycerin tablets were stored in tightly closed containers at room temperature potency loss was minimal. Even when the bottles were opened regularly this did not result in a significant loss of the drug. Measures are suggested to minimize drug evaporation. PMID- 3145488 TI - Sublingual nitroglycerin. II. In vitro and in vivo availability of Nitrostat and Nitrobaat tablets. AB - The in vitro and in vivo availability of nitroglycerin from three compressed and one stabilized molded tablet have been studied. Compressed nitroglycerin tablets have to disintegrate before the drug is released. The disintegration and release of nitroglycerin from these tablets appeared to be strongly dependent upon conditions in the in vitro dissolution tests, such as the degree of agitation, and in vivo factors, such as tongue pressure and/or movement. The stabilized molded nitroglycerin tablet did not disintegrate but dissolved completely. Because the dissolution of the molded tablet was fast, the release rate of nitroglycerin was far less influenced by the in vitro and in vivo factors described above. The potency and in vitro and in vivo availability of fresh tablets and tablets which had been stored in tightly closed glass containers for over one year did not differ significantly. It is conjectured that the supposed potency loss of properly stored compressed nitroglycerin tablets is rather a release problem than a stability problem. PMID- 3145489 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic determination with ultraviolet detection of gentamicin and correlation with the microbiological potency. AB - The content of gentamicin in pharmaceuticals is measured by the high pressure liquid chromatographic technique described in the monographs for Gentamicin Sulphate and Gentamicin Injection in the British Pharmacopoeia 1980 for the determination of the composition of gentamicin. Calculation procedures are presented to transform this qualitative high pressure liquid chromatographic procedure for the assay of gentamicin so that it gives results in terms of potency. A comparison is made of this data with the results of the microbiological assay according to the European Pharmacopoeia. PMID- 3145490 TI - The politics, economics, and demographics of health care and aging. PMID- 3145491 TI - The nursing home and the ADN curriculum: employer-educator issues. PMID- 3145492 TI - Clinical learning environments in long-term care today and tomorrow. PMID- 3145493 TI - Nucleotide sequence of chicken myb proto-oncogene promoter region: detection of an evolutionarily conserved element. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the chicken myb proto-oncogene putative promoter region was determined and compared with the corresponding sequence of the mouse c myb gene (1). 118 bp upstream from the initiation codon suggested by Gerondakis and Bishop (2) for the chicken c-myb protein, a 124-bp-long conserved element was found (92% identity in chicken and mouse sequences). Sequences homologous to this element were detected on Southern blots of restricted genomic DNAs from mouse, man, lizard, frog, and carp. No hybridization was observed with Drosophila, yeast, or Escherichia coli DNA. In human DNA, sequences homologous to this element were located at the 5' end of the c-myb gene, i.e. in the same position as in the chicken and mouse genes. Several lines of evidence suggest that the element is not a coding exon of a gene overlapping the c-myb gene. It may be of importance that one of the DNase I-sensitive sites and several c-myb mRNA cap sites localized recently in the mouse c-myb gene (3,4) lie within this region. It is suggested that this evolutionarily conserved element is involved in the regulation of myb proto-oncogene expression in vertebrates. PMID- 3145495 TI - Sequence of the Penicillium chrysogenum phosphoglycerate kinase gene. PMID- 3145494 TI - Solid supported hydrolysis of apurinic sites in synthetic oligonucleotides for rapid and efficient purification on reverse-phase cartridges. AB - Rapid purification methods for synthetic oligonucleotides involving reverse-phase cartridges (RPC) and enzymatic hydrolysis have been introduced. These methods are based on a discrimination between the desired target fragment protected with a 5' DMT group and incompletely elongated products possessing a 5'-hydroxyl function. For target products over 60 nucleotides, the rapid methods are of little use as reported to date. We have found that the problem is due to the presence of truncated 5'-DMT fragments generated from apurinic sites within the target product during NH4OH deprotection. These side products are co-purified with the target fragment when the rapid purification procedures are employed. If a step is included during deprotection to cleave the apurinic sites prior to removal of the crude product from the solid support (1 M lysine-HCl, pH 9 for 90 min at 60 degrees C), fragments up to 118 bases can be purified by RPC to near homogeneity. PMID- 3145496 TI - [Mycobacterioses in AIDS. Autopsy and clinical findings]. PMID- 3145497 TI - [Use of ethambutol in higher and regular doses in the treatment of patients with chronic destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3145498 TI - [Experience with practical use of a complex of 3 nutrient media for culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 3145499 TI - Diabetic duration and rat aortic responsiveness to histamine and nitroglycerin. PMID- 3145500 TI - Pentoxifylline, diltiazem, and A23187: effects on deformability and volume of human red blood cells. PMID- 3145501 TI - Stimulation of mucus production and prevention of aspirin induced ulcerogenesis by enprostil in the rat. PMID- 3145502 TI - The effects of intracisternal thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) on gastroduodenal motility in the rat. PMID- 3145504 TI - The effect of enprostil on food stimulated gastrin secretion in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 3145503 TI - Potassium dependent relaxation of isolated pulmonary artery segments following ingestion of monocrotaline. PMID- 3145505 TI - Financial viability of in-patient admissions from rural oncology outreach clinics. PMID- 3145506 TI - The binding of purified factor VIII to platelets. PMID- 3145507 TI - G protein regulators of platelet activation. PMID- 3145508 TI - G-proteins and platelet activation by fluoride. PMID- 3145509 TI - Dihydroergocristine improves behavioral deficits of aged rats. PMID- 3145510 TI - Bacillus subtilis microcapsules. PMID- 3145511 TI - Anthropomorphic models for checking the calibration of whole-body counters and activation analysis systems. AB - Three models of the human body have been made for checking the calibration of whole-body counters and activation analysis systems. Their weights are 41, 67 and 110 kg. Each contains simplified forms of lungs, bones, thyroid, kidneys and liver and has a chemical composition similar to that of the ICRP standard man. In addition traces of toxic elements such as Cd and Hg have been included in various organs. The composition of the manikins has been measured at four centres where activation analysis in vivo has been carried out. The potassium contents have been measured at three other centres. Differences between measured and actual contents have often been much larger than quoted uncertainties of the measurements, 20-50% for Na, Cl and P. For K, differences did not exceed 17% but are still often greater than the expected uncertainty. The greatest errors usually occurred with the smallest manikin. PMID- 3145512 TI - Brief exposure to a natural predator, the short-tailed weasel, induces benzodiazepine-sensitive analgesia in white-footed mice. AB - Exposure to a natural predator, the short-tailed weasel, Mustela erminea, elicited significant increases in the nociceptive responses of wild male white footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus. A short (30 sec), ecologically relevant, nonvisual exposure to a weasel elicited a relatively brief (15 min) analgesia that was insensitive to the opiate antagonist, naloxone (1.0 mg/kg), and was blocked by either pre- or post-exposure injections of the benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro15-1788 (10 mg/kg), or agonist, diazepam (4.0 mg/kg). A 5 min exposure to the weasel elicited an analgesic response of longer duration (15-30 min) that was sensitive to both naloxone and the benzodiazepine agonist and antagonist. A 15 min exposure to the weasel induced a higher amplitude analgesia that was of relatively long duration (45 min), blocked by naloxone, and insensitive to the benzodiazepine manipulations. Exposures of 5 and 15 min to a nonpredator, the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, elicited low amplitude, naloxone-reversible analgesic responses that were unaffected by the benzodiazepine manipulations. Thirty-sec exposures to the rabbit had no significant effects on the nociceptive response of the rabbit. These results indicate that a brief, ecologically appropriate, exposure to a predator elicits a benzodiazepine-mediated analgesia while a more prolonged exposure to a predator induces opioid-mediated analgesia. These results show that the opioid and nonopioid distinction between the effects of long- and short-term laboratory stresses is also evident with a natural, ecologically relevant, stressor. PMID- 3145513 TI - Effects of dorsal penile nerve transection upon the sexual behaviour of the male marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). AB - The sexual behaviour of 7 adult male marmosets and their ovariectomized partners was observed during pair-tests before and after bilateral dorsal penile nerve transection (n = 4) or a sham operation (n = 3). After transection of the dorsal penile nerves, males mounted more frequently and the initial mount of each test was more prolonged. Males continued to orientate correctly during mounts and to make rapid pelvic thrusts, with the erect penis close to the vaginal orifice. However, the deep pelvic thrust required to attain intromission was abolished. Intromission was rarely observed postoperatively and ejaculation occurred only twice, in one male. These effects were not observed in sham-operated males. The results show that afferent impulses from the penis, travelling through the dorsal penile nerves, play a vital role in the coordination of intromission and ejaculation in this primate species. PMID- 3145514 TI - [Reye-like syndrome following valproate therapy in an adult]. AB - Three months after anticonvulsive regulation by means of the spasmolytic agent Convulsofin, a 46-year-old man suffered severe hepatosis, and when the preparation was discontinued he suffered a severe cerebral dysfunction. The clinical picture is interpreted as being "similar to the Reye syndrome", and distinctions between this and previously reported cases are noted. There has been very little observation of such complications among adult patients. PMID- 3145516 TI - Chronic ethanol or nicotine treatment results in partial cross-tolerance between these agents. AB - Female DBA/2Ibg mice were treated chronically (21 days) with ethanol- or dextrin containing liquid diets or infused chronically with nicotine (8 mg/kg/h) or saline for 10 days. The responses of these animals to challenge doses of ethanol (2.5 g/kg) or nicotine (1 or 2 mg/kg) were measured using a test battery consisting of respiration rate, acoustic startle response, Y-maze crosses and rears, heart rate and body temperature. Chronic ethanol-treated animals were tolerant to the effects elicited by a challenge dose of ethanol on four of the six measures and were cross-tolerant to nicotine's effects on the acoustic startle test. Chronic nicotine-treated animals were tolerant to nicotine's effects on five of the six measures and cross-tolerant to ethanol's effects on heart rate and body temperature. Thus, partial cross-tolerance between ethanol and nicotine exists. Chronic nicotine treatment resulted in significant increases in L-[3H]-nicotine binding in six of seven brain regions and in alpha-[125I] bungarotoxin binding in three of seven brain regions. Chronic ethanol treatment failed to alter the binding of either ligand. Therefore, the cross-tolerance that develops between ethanol and nicotine is not totally dependent on alterations in the number of brain nicotinic receptors. PMID- 3145515 TI - The motor effects of bromocriptine--a review. AB - For many years, bromocriptine has proven to be a useful treatment for some of the disabling motor effects seen in Parkinson's disease. As such, it has been the only commonly used directly acting D2 agonist available. But its mechanism of action has been obscure because many animal models indicated an absolute requirement for the presence of endogenous DA for bromocriptine to have any efficacy, despite its undoubted occupation of the D2 receptor with high affinity. Several scattered reports indicated, however, that bromocriptine could potentiate the effects of a number of other dopamine agonists (such as apomorphine and L dopa) in a variety of pharmacological models and in the clinic. With the availability of SKF38393 and SCH23390, it soon became clear that bromocriptine, while a selective D2 agonist, depended in an absolute sense on the integrity of the D1 receptors. Thus, if SKF38393 was administered together with bromocriptine to rodents depleted of dopamine, marked locomotor excitation was produced, despite either drug alone being inactive. The present review explores the literature on the motor effects of bromocriptine and endeavours to integrate its behavioural, biochemical and electrophysiological effects into a coherent whole. It closes with a consideration of several remaining unsolved problems associated with the pharmacology of bromocriptine and suggests some future studies. PMID- 3145518 TI - The effects of repeated administration of fluprazine on target biting and intruder-evoked attacks. AB - The effects of repeated administration of fluprazine, an "aggression"-reducing drug, were evaluated in mice using the target biting and resident-intruder paradigms. Under baseline conditions there was a high target biting rate immediately after the delivery of a 2.0 mA tail shock, an intermediate target biting rate during a 2-min intershock interval, and a low target biting rate during a 15-s tone stimulus which signaled the shock. During the 10-min resident intruder test sessions, resident males attacked bulbectomized intruders an average of six times with an average latency to the first attack of 258 s. In the prechronic dose-response curve determination, fluprazine caused a dose-dependent decrease in postshock and intershock interval target biting behavior, increased the latency to the first attack, and decreased the number of attacks in the intruder-evoked aggression paradigm. During the chronic administration of the ED50 dose of fluprazine, intershock interval target biting gradually increased to a level equal to those subjects receiving chronic saline. Moreover, a shift (to the right) in the during-chronic fluprazine dose-response curve for postshock and intershock interval target biting, was observed. Likewise, during the chronic administration of the ED50 dose of fluprazine, resident number of attacks gradually increased to a level equal to those subjects receiving chronic saline. However, no shift in the during-chronic dose-response curve was observed in subjects tested in this paradigm. PMID- 3145517 TI - Determination of clozapine and its N-demethylated metabolite in plasma by use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with single ion detection. AB - A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method with single ion detection has been developed for determination of clozapine and its N-demethylated metabolite norclozapine in plasma. Propylnorclozapine was used as internal standard and the mass spectrometer was adjusted to record the ion m/z 373 for the compounds analyzed. The precision of the method was found to be high, with a relative standard deviation of 6% or less for replicated samples. The limit of determination was 1.0 ng/ml for clozapine and 5.0 ng/ml norclozapine. A significant correlation was obtained between the daily oral dose of clozapine within the dose interval 100-800 mg/day and the plasma level of clozapine in 22 chronic schizophrenic patients. The plasma levels of clozapine and norclozapine were also significantly correlated. The quotient norclozapine/clozapine showed great interindividual variation and was not correlated to the daily dose of clozapine. The method is rapid and sensitive to allow evaluation of the pharmacokinetic properties of clozapine in the treatment of schizophrenic patients. PMID- 3145519 TI - Characterization of the associative nature of sensitization to amphetamine induced circling behavior and of the environment dependent placebo-like response. AB - Amphetamine-induced circling behavior increases over the course of repeated administration of the drug; likewise, after repeated administration of amphetamine, an injection of saline prior to placement of the rat in the test apparatus previously associated with the pharmacologic effects of amphetamine will increase circling behavior. Experiments were designed to determine if either of these effects would respond to manipulation of the temporal contiguity between the test environment and the peak effects of amphetamine. The placebo-like response, in accordance with a Pavlovian conditioned response, was reduced by prior non-reinforced exposure to the test environment and subject to extinction. In contrast, the increase in the amphetamine-induced response was entirely dependent on the test environment but not affected by latent inhibition or extinction. These and previous findings indicate that the development and expression of the placebo-like response is the result of a Pavlovian associative process. Although amphetamine sensitization is environment dependent, it does not resemble a conditioned response in other respects. PMID- 3145520 TI - Inhibitory influences of the adrenal steroid, 3 alpha, 5 alpha tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone [correction of tetrahydroxycorticosterone] on aggression and defeat-induced analgesia in mice. AB - The effects of intraperitoneal administrations of the deoxycorticosterone metabolite, 5 alpha-pregnane-, 21 diol-20-one (3 alpha, 5 alpha tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone; alpha-THDOC) on the responses to aggression and defeat-induced analgesia were examined in subordinate intruder male mice in "resident-intruder" pairings. alpha-THDOC reduced in a dose-dependent mannter (1 20 mg/kg) the number of bites and time to obtain defeat in subordinate mice during the agonistic encounters, as well as attenuating defeat-induced analgesia. These inhibitory effects of alpha-THDOC were separate from its sedative actions at 20-30 mg/kg. In addition, the stereo-isomer, 3 beta-pregnane-3 alpha, 21 diol 20-one (20 mg/kg) had no significant effects on the agonistic encounters and defeat, indicating that the inhibitory effects of alpha-THDOC on agonistic interactions are stereospecific. Pretreatment with the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 (5 and 10 mg/kg) attenuated the inhibitory effects of alpha-THDOC on defeat-induced analgesia. Ro 15-1788 (5, 10 mg/kg) by itself, however, had minimal effects on these agonistic interactions and subsequent defeat-induced analgesia. These results indicate that the naturally occurring steroid, alpha THDOC, has significant effects on responses to aggression and defeat-induced analgesia. PMID- 3145521 TI - Pharmacological adaptations and muscarinic receptor plasticity in hypothalamus of senescent rats treated chronically with cholinergic drugs. AB - Receptor plasticity is an important compensatory process by which the central nervous system adapts to pathological insult or long-term exposure to drugs. Senescent animals may show an age-related impairment of muscarinic receptor up- or down-regulation after chronic exposure to cholinergic drugs. The purpose of this study was to assess biochemical and pharmacological endpoints of muscarinic receptor plasticity in young, adult and senescent animals. Male, Fischer 344 rats (ages 3, 9, and 27 months) were administered methylatropine or oxotremorine intracerebroventricularly (IVT) for 3 weeks and tested for their functional response to a muscarinic agonist. The density of hypothalamic, muscarinic receptors was also estimated from analysis of 3H-QNB binding isotherms. In young rats, parallel changes in muscarinic receptors and response were noted, but chronic administration of cholinergic drugs to senescent animals had no effect. Thus, 3H-QNB binding in hypothalamus of young and adult rats was increased (31% and 17%) after chronic IVT methylatropine and decreased (20% and 15%) after IVT oxotremorine. Also, young rats treated with IVT methylatropine were supersensitive to the hypothermic effects of a muscarinic agonist (oxotremorine), while young and adult animals administered chronic IVT oxotremorine exhibited marked tolerance. In contrast, identically treated senescent rats showed no changes in 3H-QNB binding or oxotremorine-induced hypothermia. These results demonstrate the impaired ability of senescent rats to up- or down-regulate brain muscarinic receptors and to exhibit functional adaptations seen in young animals treated chronically with cholinergic drugs. PMID- 3145523 TI - Enhanced pressor sensitivity to oral tyramine challenge following high dose selegiline treatment. AB - Blood pressure and heart rate responses to oral tyramine have been measured in healthy volunteers before and after administration of the selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor selegiline at high dosage (30 mg/day). Treatment brought about a 2 to 4-fold increase in tyramine sensitivity and a concomitant small but significant reduction in plasma 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol concentration, pointing to the emergence of some degree of monoamine oxidase A inhibition. It is suggested that patients treated with selegiline 30 mg/day or more should be placed on a tyramine-free diet. PMID- 3145522 TI - Catalase activity measured in rats naive to ethanol correlates with later voluntary ethanol consumption: possible evidence for a biological marker system of ethanol intake. AB - Catalase activity in blood collected from young rats naive to ethanol (65 days) was significantly and positively correlated with later voluntary consumption of ethanol. Catalase activity levels were also correlated with catalase activity in brain and blood sampled after exposure to ethanol. The results obtained in the present study extend and confirm earlier findings (Aragon et al. 1985c) that brain catalase activity and voluntary ethanol intake are unidirectionally and causally related. The results also suggest that brain catalase activity may be part of an enzymatic system controlling the production and elimination of acetaldehyde in brain. This system may be a biological marker system mediating the affinity of organisms to ingest ethanol. PMID- 3145525 TI - Infusion of the 5-hydroxytryptamine agonists RU24969 and TFMPP into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus causes hypophagia. AB - The 5-HT1B agonist RU24969 when given either systemically (1 mg/kg SC) or by infusion (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 micrograms) into the region of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus caused dose-dependent hypophagia in rats previously deprived of food for 18 h. Similar results were obtained at the above dosages of 1-[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl] piperazine (TFMPP), which acts on 5-HT1B and possibly also on 5-HT1C receptors. Neither drug significantly affected locomotion following central administration. Food intake was significantly decreased when the 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT was given systemically (1 mg/kg SC) to rats previously deprived of food but was unaffected when 8-OH-DPAT (1 microgram) was infused into the paraventricular nucleus of both food-deprived and free feeding rats. Therefore, hypophagia occurs when hypothalamic 5-HT1B (and possibly 5-HT1C) but not 5-HT1A receptors are activated. PMID- 3145524 TI - Changes in caffeine seizure threshold after electroconvulsive shock. PMID- 3145526 TI - Pharmacological characterization of the physostigmine stimulus in rats. AB - Rats were trained to discriminate 0.10 mg/kg SC physostigmine from saline in a two-lever food-reinforced task. There was generalization to the acetylcholine esterase inhibitor THA as well as to the muscarinic receptor agonists arecoline, oxotremorine and RS 86, but not to neostigmine or nicotine. The physostigmine cue was blocked by SC scopolamine hydrobromide and by ICV pirenzepine, but not by scopolamine methylbromide or by mecamylamine. These antagonism studies suggest that the discriminative cue elicited by physostigmine might be mainly mediated by central M1 receptors. PMID- 3145527 TI - Induction of oral stereotypy following amphetamine microinjection into a discrete subregion of the striatum. AB - Amphetamine and other psychostimulant drugs induce perseverative motor behavior in rodents, such as compulsive sniffing, licking and biting. Although it is known that this behavior, termed stereotypy, is a consequence of dopaminergic stimulation of the striatum, the precise localization of the site of activation is unclear. It is reported here that microinjection of amphetamine (20 micrograms/0.5 microliter) into a circumscribed subregion of the striatum specifically produces intense oral stereotypy. It is proposed that this region, which corresponds to a small area within the ventrolateral striatum, contains motor circuitry critical to oral behavior, including feeding. The behavior elicited by amphetamine-induced stimulation of this area may represent a simple animal model in which to study certain orofacial dyskinesias. PMID- 3145529 TI - Federal Court orders feeding stopped. PMID- 3145528 TI - Stereotyped responding on a two-choice guessing task by marmosets and humans treated with amphetamine. AB - The performance of normal human volunteers and marmosets on a 2-choice guessing task was assessed after saline (control) or amphetamine administration. In human subjects the drug increased the number of alternation responses, which can be interpreted as an increase in stereotyped switching and which is similar to the response pattern produced by some groups of psychotic patients on the same task (Frith and Done 1983; Lyon et al. 1986). Marmosets treated with amphetamine showed an increase in perseverative responding compatible with that seen on other types of task. Our conclusion is that dopaminergic systems are involved in behavioural choice mechanisms and that a dysfunction of these systems may contribute to the symptomatology of psychosis. PMID- 3145530 TI - Community psychiatric nursing: limitations and possibilities. PMID- 3145532 TI - New nursing home regulations: some questions and answers. PMID- 3145531 TI - New Commonwealth funding method for hospitals: the implications for Queensland. PMID- 3145534 TI - The effects of intradimensional and extradimensional shifts on visual discrimination learning in humans and non-human primates. PMID- 3145533 TI - [Sensitivity of bacteria to netilmicin in comparison with their sensitivity to gentamicin and other aminoglycosides]. PMID- 3145535 TI - Techniques to deliver high dose localized irradiation for tissue-sparing management of sarcomas. AB - Soft tissue sarcomas may be effectively treated conservatively with limited surgery combined with high dose tumor-bed irradiation instead of more radical surgery or amputation alone. High dose local irradiation is safely accomplished with intraoperative electron beam therapy (EBT) or perioperative interstitial 192iridium endocurietherapy (ECT), following external beam radiation therapy (EXRT), to deliver a minimum tumor bed dose of 8,000 rad to 10,000 rad. We describe our techniques for EBT and ECT in the management of soft tissue sarcomas. Two case reports of sarcoma of the pterygoid region treated with EXRT, surgery, and perioperative ECT, and sarcoma of the thigh treated with EXRT, surgery, and intraoperative EBT are used to illustrate the techniques. PMID- 3145537 TI - [Clinico-radiological aspects of bilharziasis of the urinary tract]. PMID- 3145536 TI - Early stage detection of chemotherapeutic effect on 203 GL glioma in mice as studied by P-31 NMR and flow cytometry. AB - The effect of chemotherapy against glioma in mouse was evaluated by 31P NMR spectroscopy and flow cytometry. We found that administration of ACNU or tegafur at a dose less than LD50 resulted in the partial suppression of the ratio of inorganic phosphate (Pi)/phosphocreatine (PCr) and phosphomonoester (PME)/creatine phosphate (PCr) after 24 or 48 hr, although these ratios are usually increased together with growth of tumors. Flow cytometric analysis of glioma in vivo showed an accumulation in cells containing tetraploid DNA by G2M block 24-48 hr after treatment. However, the change occurred at a period slightly later than that of the Pi/PCr ratio. In contrast, histological change was noted at eight days after administration. Hence, it is concluded that in vivo 31P NMR spectroscopy can detect a change in metabolic pathways in tumors as early as 24 48 hr after the administration of chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 3145539 TI - Immunological characterization of 21 human anti-Rh (D) monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3145538 TI - Human monoclonal cryoimmunoglobulins. III. Analysis of thermodynamic properties of Jir (IgG3 kappa) protein by fluorescence polarization measurement. AB - In order to characterize the thermodynamic property of cryoimmunoglobulin which is related to the temperature-dependent solubility change in aqueous solution, the fluorescence polarization measurement of 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5 sulfonyl (DNS) conjugated cryoimmunoglobulin (Jir) and monoclonal immunoglobulins in various solvent conditions were comparatively carried out using the steady state excitation method by altering temperatures from nearly 10 to 40 degrees C, and the rotational relaxation times (rho h) for these molecules were calculated according to the Perrin-Weber's equation using the values of polarization (P). The results indicated that the rho h value of DNS-Jir (170 nsec) was almost twice that obtained by myeloma protein (90 nsec) belonging to the same subclass with Jir, but was considerably shorter than that obtained by a soluble immune complex with a molecular weight equivalent to Jir dimer. These results suggested that the molecular structure of Jir protein was thermodynamically less-flexible than that of the myeloma proteins, and that the restricted intra-molecular flexibility might be responsible for the unusual property of cryoimmunoglobulin. PMID- 3145540 TI - Immunological characterization of 18 monoclonal antibodies directed against Rh, G and LW molecules. PMID- 3145541 TI - Group 3-anti Rh. PMID- 3145542 TI - Evaluation of monoclonal anti-Rh antibodies as reagents for blood grouping and for the identification of red cell membrane components associated with Rh antigen activity. PMID- 3145543 TI - ISBT monoclonal antibody workshop: report on group 3 (anti-Rh) antibodies. PMID- 3145544 TI - Studies on monoclonal antibodies reacting with Rh-system antigens. PMID- 3145545 TI - Anti-Rh workshop monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3145546 TI - Monoclonal Rh antibodies. PMID- 3145547 TI - Evaluation of human and murine monoclonal anti-rhesus antibodies. PMID- 3145548 TI - Human and murine anti-Rh monoclonal antibodies. A comparison of serological, immunochemical, cellular and functional activity. PMID- 3145549 TI - Results with the group 3 antibodies. PMID- 3145550 TI - Report on monoclonal Rh antibodies serological and biochemical investigations. PMID- 3145551 TI - ADCC activity of monoclonal anti-D antibodies. PMID- 3145553 TI - Co-ordinator's report on group 3: monoclonal Rh antibodies: serological and biological studies. PMID- 3145552 TI - Idiotypic specificities of anti-Rhesus (D) monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3145554 TI - Serological and immunochemical characterization of "Lutheran-related" monoclonal antibodies 9 W 11, 9 W 13, 13 W 1 and 32 W 2. PMID- 3145555 TI - [Visualization of multiple neurofibromas using gadolinium-DTPA assisted MRT: a case report]. AB - Although magnetic resonance imaging has a high sensitivity for cerebral and spinal tumors, demonstration of small lesions can be difficult. In a patient with multiple extra- and intraspinal tumors due to neurofibromatosis generalisata, the use of the MRI contrast agent Gadolinium-DTPA resulted in a better differentiation especially of small lesions. High tumor contrast facilitated a safe localisation of the widespread disease using a fast imaging sequence (FLASH). PMID- 3145556 TI - Auranofin in rheumatoid arthritis: use in patients with side-effects or lack of effect to gold sodium thiomalate or gold thioglucose and/or D-penicillamine. A prospective one year investigation. PMID- 3145558 TI - Gonadotropin-induced fertility in a man with congenital hypogonadism after prolonged prior testosterone therapy. PMID- 3145557 TI - [Thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarct. Initial experiences in a Swiss university hospital]. AB - Preliminary experience with thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction and its practicability in a CCU of a Swiss university hospital are presented. Out of 674 patients with a transmural or non-transmural infarction, 72 (11%) have been treated with thrombolytic agents since March 1986. 53 of these patients were included in the "European Cooperative Study Group" multicenter trial and treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt PA) or placebo; the other 19 patients received streptokinase i.v. with the same inclusion/exclusion criteria. The results corresponded to the well known effects of early thrombolysis with improvement in infarct size reduction, cardiac performance and early mortality.--The importance of the time factor and the implications regarding information of potential patients and practitioners and organization of rapid hospitalization are outlined. Follow-up (after a mean of 14 months) of our 72 thrombolysis patients revealed a high percentage of patients still dependent on medical care, reduced physical capacity in almost half of the patients and (a favourable result) a large number of patients who stopped smoking after the infarction. --In view of the slight additional stress caused by this therapy for patients, physicians and nursing staff, the use of thrombolytic agents in acute myocardial infarction should (with strict inclusion/exclusion criteria) be rapidly generalized in the hospitals of Switzerland. PMID- 3145560 TI - Chemotherapeutic agents: intravesical instillation. PMID- 3145559 TI - Effects of chemical pollution on the activities of hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in fish from the River Rhone. AB - Polychlorobiphenyl (PCBs) levels and hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities were measured in fish from three locations of the River Rhone to study the consequences of a constant loading of PCBs from a PCB incineration plant. Our results show that levels of PCBs and enzyme activities were higher in fish living downstream from the plant than in fish from two locations upstream, suggesting enzyme induction by PCBs (known to be potent inducers in laboratory conditions). Enzyme activities were studied in spring and autumn in three species: nase (Chondrostoma nasus), roach (Rutilus rutilus) and grayling (Thymallus thymallus). Induction was observed for three cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase activities (MO), i.e. 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD). There was a close correlation between EROD and AHH activities (for all species). Glutathione S transferase activities were also shown to be related to the PCB levels. Conversely, cytochrome P-450 content and benzphetamine N-demethylase activity were not "PCB level-dependent". This study clearly demonstrates a close relationship between PCB contamination and MO activities in fish from the field and thus clearly emphasizes the interest in MO as a monitoring tool for estimating water quality. PMID- 3145561 TI - The role of phosphatidylinositides in stimulus-secretion coupling in the exocrine pancreas. AB - Cell activation of different cell types is accompanied by receptor-mediated stimulation of phospholipase C and a consequent breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Evidence suggests that GTP-binding proteins are involved in this signal transduction mechanism, which couples receptors to phospholipase C. Both the hydrolysis products diacylglycerol (DG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) are intracellular messengers for cellular responses such as secretion, as illustrated by the pancreatic acinar cell. IP3 releases Ca2+ from a nonmitochondrial Ca2+ pool likely to be the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This Ca2+ release leads to a transient rise in the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration from approximately 100 to approximately 800 nmol/liter, by which enzyme secretion is initiated. For sustained secretion, Ca2+ influx into the cell is necessary to keep the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration at a slightly elevated level. Activation of protein kinase C by DG and Ca2+ seems to play a major role in the second, sustained phase of secretion. Ca2+ reuptake into the ER and Ca2+ extrusion from the cell are achieved by (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase in both the ER and the plasma membrane as well as by an Na+/Ca2+ exchange in the latter. In the final step of exocytosis, protein phosphorylation by Ca2+-, DG-, and cAMP dependent protein kinases is probably involved. PMID- 3145562 TI - [Duodenal diverticula]. PMID- 3145563 TI - [A method of quantitative evaluation of inflammatory-regenerative reactions in clinical traumatology]. PMID- 3145564 TI - Low-risk biliary surgery--does it exist? PMID- 3145565 TI - The progress of clinical anatomy in China. PMID- 3145566 TI - Anatomic basis for surgical approach to the distal segment of the posterior cerebral artery. AB - The distal segment of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), which extends from the junction with the posterior communicating artery to its terminal division into the parieto-occipital and calcarine arteries, was examined in 37 brains. Three types of distal segment were distinguished. In the first type (42.9%), the terminal division was located either in the calcarine sulcus or in the quadrigeminal cistern. In the second type (41.4%), the terminal division had the same position, but the distal segment, in addition to its terminal stems, also gave off the common temporal artery. In the third type (15.7%), the terminal division was seen in the ambient cistern. The distal segment of the PCA gave rise to several collateral branches: the collicular artery (2.8%), the anterior (28.6%), middle (30.0%), and posterior (28.6%) hippocampal arteries, the proximal (82.9%) and distal (20.0%) lateral posterior choroidal arteries, the proximal (40.0%) and distal (41.4%) medial posterior choroidal arteries, the peduncular, thalamogeniculate and splenial branches, the lingual gyri artery and the temporal arteries. Several anatomic variants of the distal segment were observed in this study: fenestration of the distal segment (1.4%), location of the distal segment dorsal to the uncus (2.8%), origin of the collicular (2.8%) and anterior choroidal arteries (1.4%) from the distal segment, and protrusion of the parieto occipital arterial loop into the lateral ventricle (2.8%). The authors discuss the clinical significance of these anatomic data. PMID- 3145567 TI - Anatomic basis of a pedicled extensor digitorum brevis muscle flap. AB - The vascularization of the extensor digitorum brevis is ensured on its deep aspect by branches of the anterior tibial artery, but also by a lateral arterial arch anastomosing with these branches. The lateral vascular arch of the extensor digitorum brevis was constantly found in 37 anatomic specimens: 17 formolized and 20 fresh. This arch derives from the perforating peroneal branch, the terminal anterior branch of the peroneal artery. Its variable caliber, assessed by arteriography of the foot, seemed adequate for the peroneal artery to serve as a pedicle for the extensor digitorum brevis without interruption of the anterior tibial axis. PMID- 3145568 TI - Anatomic basis for the construction of a musculotendinous flap derived from the pectoralis major muscle. AB - The vascularization, innervation and termination of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major muscle were studied by dissection of 7 adult subjects and 2 fetuses. The vascular and nervous autonomy of the clavicular portion was confirmed. Blood-supply was effected by 2 arteries and innervation by an independent nerve. The exact distribution of the fibers composing the pectoralis major and their complex insertion are described. It is concluded that the clavicular portion can be employed as an active muscle transplant to the head of the humerus when the short rotator muscles of the shoulder are ineffective. PMID- 3145569 TI - Anatomic basis for implantation of the Ilizarov system in the leg. AB - Ilizarov's method of implanting an external circular fixator requires the placement of at least 8 transfixion pins. The neurovascular hazards and the need to leave the posterior and lateral compartments free motivated this study, based on serial radiographic sections after injection of the entire arterial system. Two reference pin-planes were determined, 1 posterolateral and 1 lateromedial. The sites of insertion of the pins rely on classical radiographs of the bones of the leg. The addition of beaded pins must be made on a realigned and stabilized limb. The imprecision of aim due to the bone structure and the shape of the pin leads to the definition of forbidden zones where any transfixion is dangerous. The concept of a neurovascular pyramid with its base at the distal metaphysis and of a periosseous tendinous circlet at that level implies a search for a compromise between the stability of the assembly and the dangers of the method. PMID- 3145570 TI - Variations in zygapophyseal joint orientation and level of transition at the thoracolumbar junction. Preliminary survey using computed tomography. AB - Variation in zygapophyseal joint orientation at the thoracolumbar transitional junction was investigated using computed tomography (CT). The study population (N = 214) comprised 176 cases of abdominal scans, 9 thoracolumbar junction referrals and 29 cadaveric vertebral columns. Scans through the superior endplates of T11, T12, L1 and L2 were selected and joint angles calculated using a computer aided digitiser. Analysis revealed 29% of cases presented coronally oriented superior and sagittally orientated inferior joint processes at T12. This pattern occurred in 16% of cases at T11 and 0.5% at L1. A gradual transition occurred in 54% of cases and involved the adjacent inter-segmental joints of T11 and T12. Articular tropism (greater than 20 degrees) was most frequent at T11-12 (21%), followed by T12-L1 (9%). PMID- 3145571 TI - Clinical anatomy of the suprarenal arteries: a quantitative approach by aortography. AB - The angiographic visualization, arterial origin and mean diameter per age group (20-40, 41-60 years) of the suprarenal arterial vessels have been quantitatively investigated by aortography in 100 patients without suprarenal disease. Visualization of the various arteries was achieved in a percentage substantially comparable to the anatomic data of the literature, though with lower detection of the superior suprarenal vessels. A variable site of origin was present particularly for the superior and middle suprarenal vessels compared to the inferior suprarenal arteries and possible embryological reasons and clinical implications are discussed. Statistically significant differences were found in the mean diameter of each arterial vessel in all the subjects examined, thus substantiating the concept of differential arterial supply to various portions of the gland. Age-related changes were demonstrated in the right middle suprarenal artery, suggesting a predominant role of this vessel in the physiological adaptation of the blood supply to the gland with increasing age. PMID- 3145573 TI - The parabiliary venous system. AB - The parabiliary venous system originates from the pancreatico-duodenal and pyloro duodenal veins, runs along the common bile-duct and the hepatic artery, and divides in the liver hilum into a venous network within the hilar plate. Embryologically, this system, apparently independent of the portal vein, develops together with the bile-ducts and the hepatic artery: these three structures are within the substance of the vasculo-biliary sheaths, and the whole complex invades the liver well after the distribution of the portal vein has been established. It should be pointed out that segments I and IV also appear rather late. Seventy-four specimens with injection of the system have been studied. The hilar plexus sends branches to the veins of the segments adjacent to the hilum. Some vessels directly supply the inferior surface of the quadrate lobe or the caudate lobe, or the left lobe. In 46.50% of specimens, part of the cystic veins are anastomosed with the parabiliary system. PMID- 3145572 TI - Scanographic study of the calcaneus: normal anatomy and clinical applications. AB - To facilitate the interpretation of the scanographic findings in fractures of the calcaneus, the authors have achieved an anatomo-radiologic correlation in terms of the classical coronal, sagittal and horizontal planes. Clinically, the sagittal plane can be obtained only by reconstruction. The 2 other planes permit study of the sustentaculum tali and posterior talar surface only in different sections, without their respective relationships. The authors therefore suggest a new double-oblique view, practicable in the injured patient, with a forward tilt of 20 degrees and medial rotation of 35 degrees, perpendicular to the sinus tarsi. This serves for anatomo-radiologic correlation and shows both anatomic structures together. By itself, it provides as much information as the three classical views and appears adequate for the assessment of fractures. PMID- 3145574 TI - Morphometric analysis of the thoracolumbar and lumbar pedicles, anatomo radiologic study. AB - The geometric properties of 380 vertebral pedicles, ranging from T6 to L5, were analysed. Measurement were made directly from the specimens as well as from roentgenograms. The parameters considered were the horizontal and vertical pedicle diameters, pedicle angles in the transverse and sagittal planes, and the transverse and anteroposterior widths of the spinal canal and vertebral body. In addition, the length of the pedicle and the length of the pedicle including the vertebral body to the anterior cortex were measured along the pedicle axis and in a line parallel to the midline of the vertebral body. The smallest horizontal and vertical pedicle diameters were found at vertebral levels from T6 to T10. The correlation between pedicle widths and screw dimensions is obvious. In the transverse plane, the pedicle angle diverged from the vertebral body at all levels, except at T12. In the sagittal plane, the pedicles were angled cephalad from T6 to L3 and slightly caudally at L5. Knowledge of the length of the pedicle to the anterior vertebral body cortex is very important for safe screw purchase. At all levels, with the exception of T12, this length was found to be significantly greater along the pedicle axis than along a line parallel to the midline of the vertebral body. PMID- 3145576 TI - Anatomic and surgical basis of a technique for total replacement of the trachea by a heterotopically transplanted reinforced pedicled musculocutaneous flap. PMID- 3145575 TI - Arterial segmentation in the spleen. AB - The authors have conducted a corrosion cast study of the human spleen to systematize the branches of the splenic artery and the vascular territories irrigated by them. The existence of two primary divisional or lobar branches of the splenic artery and their respective territories or lobes is confirmed. The secondary or segmental branches and their vascular territories were studied; an average of 6 segmental territories was found. These findings are compared with those reported in the literature. PMID- 3145577 TI - [Mental health system and community. District and community must work together for long-term psychiatric patients]. PMID- 3145579 TI - Noradrenergic denervation prevents sensitization of rat forebrain neurons to serotonin by tricyclic antidepressant treatment. AB - The effect of prior lesioning of noradrenergic neurons with 6-hydroxydopamine (6 OHDA) on the ability of amitriptyline to enhance the responsiveness of hippocampal pyramidal neurons to serotonin (5-HT) was examined in Sprague-Dawley rats. In control rats, amitriptyline (5 mg/kg/day for 14 days), administered either by daily injection or by an osmotic minipump, enhanced the responsiveness of these neurons to microiontophoretically applied 5-HT, leaving their responsiveness to norepinephrine (NE) and to acetylcholine unaltered. However, in 6-OHDA-pretreated rats, amitriptyline failed to enhance the responsiveness of hippocampal pyramidal neurons to 5-HT. The effect of NE and, to a lesser extent, that of 5-HT were prolonged in 6-OHDA-pretreated rats, presumably because NE and 5-HT released by microiontophoresis are taken up by NE terminals in the intact rat. The present results provide additional evidence that the integrity of the NE system is required for antidepressant treatments to modify 5-HT neurotransmission. PMID- 3145578 TI - Differential effects of selective lesions of cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons on serotonin-type 1 receptors in rat brain. AB - Serotonin (5-HT)-type1 (abbreviated as a subscript 1) receptor binding sites are discretely distributed in rat brain. High densities of [3H]5-HT1 binding sites are especially located in areas enriched with cholinergic and dopaminergic innervation, such as the substantia innominata/ventral pallidum, striatum, septal nuclei, hippocampus and substantia nigra. The possible association of [3H]5-HT1 binding sites with cholinergic or dopaminergic cell bodies and/or nerve fiber terminals was investigated by selective lesions of the substantia innominata/ventral pallidum-cortical and septohippocampal cholinergic pathways and the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection. [3H]5-HT1 receptor binding sites are possibly located on cholinergic cell bodies in the ventral pallidum-cortical pathway since [3H]5-HT1 binding in the substantia innominata/ventral pallidal area was markedly decreased following kainic acid lesions. Fimbriaectomies markedly decreased [3H]5-HT1 binding in the hippocampus, suggesting the presence of 5-HT1 binding sites on cholinergic nerve fiber terminals in the septohippocampal pathway. Lesions of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection did not modify [3H]5-HT1 binding in the substantia nigra and the striatum, suggesting that 5-HT1 receptors are not closely associated with dopaminergic cell bodies and nerve terminals in this pathway. These results demonstrate differential association between 5-HT1 receptors and cholinergic and dopaminergic innervation in rat brain. PMID- 3145580 TI - Specific antagonism of behavioral action of "uncommon" amino acids linked to motor-system diseases. AB - Beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and beta-N-oxalylamino-L-alanine (BOAA) are chemically related amino acids present in the seeds of Cycas circinalis and Lathyrus sativus, respectively. Consumption of these seeds has been linked to Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (BMAA) and lathyrism (BOAA; a form of primary lateral sclerosis). A single large dose of BOAA or BMAA causes seizures in newborn mice and postsynaptic neuronal edema and degeneration in CNS explants. We report that the acute neurotoxic actions of these amino acids are blocked selectively by specific glutamate-receptor antagonists (administered intracerebroventricularly) (i.c.v.) prior to the amino acid. Administration of BOAA i.c.v. to neonatal mice (ED100 = 50 micrograms) elicits a spectrum of time dependent behavioral states including arm and leg rigidity, convulsions, and resting tremor. These are blocked in a dose-dependent manner by cis-2,3 piperidine dicarboxylic acid (PDA), an antagonist of quisqualate (QA)-preferring (A2) and kainate (KA)-preferring (A3) glutamate receptors (ED50s; 2.8 micrograms, rigidity; 1.4 micrograms, convulsions; 2.4 micrograms, resting tremor). BMAA induces a transitory hyperexcitable state followed by a long-lasting whole-body shake/wobble (ED100 = 1,000 micrograms, i.c.v.). These responses are antagonized selectively and dose-dependently by 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (AP7), an N methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or A1 glutamate-receptor antagonist (ED50 = 0.45 microgram). Taken collectively, our data indicate that the acute neuronotoxic actions of BOAA and BMAA (or a metabolite) operate through different glutamate receptor species. BMAA likely exerts most of its action indirectly via the A1 glutamate receptor, while BOAA acts principally at the A2 and/or A3 receptor. PMID- 3145581 TI - Effects of dopamine depletion on the spontaneous activity of type I striatal neurons: relation to local dopamine concentration and motor behavior. AB - The relation between the electrophysiological activity of Type I striatal neurons, local dopamine (DA) concentration, and motor behavior in rats was investigated using intraventricular administration of the neurotoxin 6 hydroxydopamine (6-HDA) and extracellular single-unit recording. Results are compared with findings of past experiments in which the activity of Type II striatal neurons was examined after comparable 6-HDA-induced lesions. Several differences between the present observations and the earlier results were found. First, although large depletions (greater than 50%) of DA local to the site of the recording were required before the spontaneous firing rate of either cell type was increased, the levels necessary for this effect were found to be less for Type I cells than for Type II neurons. Second, although DA depletions of greater than 50% always were associated with increased Type I cell activity, depletions of greater than 95% resulted in spontaneous firing rates that were lower than those observed after depletions of approximately 90%. Thus, the relation between extent of dopaminergic depletion and Type I cell firing rate was biphasic, whereas that relation previously was found to be monophasic for Type II neurons. Finally, whereas increased Type I cell activity in the lateral striatum was associated with the aphagia, adipsia, and akinesia induced by large DA depleting brain lesions, increased Type II cell activity in the medial striatum was found to be associated with these impairments. Because accumulating evidence suggests that the functioning of the lateral striatum is more critical for these behaviors, however, it is proposed that the substrate of the behavioral dysfunctions resulting from DA depletion is the Type I cell population in lateral striatum. PMID- 3145582 TI - Unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway decreases the firing rate and alters the firing pattern of globus pallidus neurons in the rat. AB - Activities of spontaneously firing neurons in the globus pallidus of intact rats and rats that survived unilateral lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway for 3 days, 1 week, or 6-11 weeks were compared. No significant differences in neuronal firing rate, firing pattern, and number of cells per pass were observed between chloral hydrate-anesthetized control and lesioned animals. However, in locally anesthetized animals, pallidal cells fired significantly faster than in chloral hydrate-anesthetized animals, and the lesion caused a decrease in the firing rates of pallidal cells 1 week and 6-9 weeks postlesion. In addition, significant differences in the firing pattern of pallidal cells, as determined by the ratio of the mean to median interspike intervals, were seen between locally anesthetized controls and animals surviving 3 days, 1 week, and 6-9 weeks postlesion. This altered firing pattern tended to return to normal with time. The number of cells per pass was not significantly altered by the lesion. Data from this study suggest that, in locally anesthetized animals, the removal of the tonic dopaminergic input to the basal ganglia causes pallidal cells to decrease their firing rates in a time-dependent fashion and causes reversable firing pattern changes. This suggests that tonically active dopamine neurons, probably acting through the striatopallidal pathway, regulate the firing rate and mechanisms controlling the temporal ordering of spontaneous discharges of globus pallidus neurons. PMID- 3145583 TI - [Branching osteoplastic pneumopathy (description of 2 cases)]. PMID- 3145584 TI - [Clinical value of determining the levels of lupus anticoagulant and anti cardiolipin antibodies]. AB - The authors present some literature and their own data on the antiphospholipid syndrome (venous and arterial thromboses; obstetric pathology: spontaneous abortions and intrauterine death of a fetus; CNS involvement: from headaches and disorientation to psychic disorders and cerebral infarctions; thrombocytopenia, early aseptic osteonecrosis and pulmonary hypertension). Altogether 58 patients with lupus erythematosus and 20 patients with a complicated obstetric history were examined. Lupoid anticoagulant and antibodies to cardiolipin were revealed in 27 patients. The determination of antiphospholipid antibodies was shown to be of practical value from the view-point of the knowledge of humoral immunity disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus, more detailed clinico-laboratory characterization of patients, the diagnosis and prediction of disorders of the blood coagulation system, and the development of obstetric pathology. PMID- 3145585 TI - Clinical effect of Bretschneider-HTK and St. Thomas cardioplegia on hemodynamic performance after bypass measured using an automatic datalogging database system. AB - A prospective consecutive study was undertaken to compare the hemodynamic effect of two cardioplegic solutions in CABG patients after bypass, and in relation to aorta occlusion time with the support of a automatic datalogging database. A total of 249 patients were randomized. One group received Bretschneider cardioplegic HTK solution (132 patients, group I) the other group received St. Thomas cardioplegic solution (117 patients, group II). The data was divided in four periods of aortic clamp time: less than or equal to 40 min (group I 26 patients, group II 32 patients); 41-60 min (group I 49 patients, group II 47 patients); 61-80 min (group I 30 patients, group II 29 patients); and greater than 80 minutes (group I 27 pts, group II 9 patients). Anesthesia regime and therapeutic drugs and infusions were given in both groups in similar dosages. Within both groups HR, CO, PAP, PCWP increased after bypass in relation to prebypass values. SVR decreased in both groups by 30%, MAP and PVR decreased only in group I. Between group I and II differences were found in the CI (3.0 vs. 3.3 l/min/m2), MAP (70 vs. 76 mmHg), PMAR (18 vs. 16 mHg), and SVR (827 vs. 954 dyn.sec.cm-5). In significantly more of the patients in group I, sinus rhythm started spontaneously after the release of the aorta clamp (39.5% vs. 20.4%, p less than 0.005). Patients in group I needed temporarily a pacemaker after bypass in 6.3% cases (in 1.1% of patients in group II,). There was no relation of the hemodynamic data in relation to aorta occlusion time within the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145586 TI - [The Bureau Confidential Physician and child abuse]. PMID- 3145587 TI - [Regression and self care]. PMID- 3145588 TI - [The extended arm. Observations from a business point of view]. PMID- 3145589 TI - [An individual nursing care plan for CVA patients. General starting points]. PMID- 3145590 TI - [Educational initiative. Work Group Educational Symposia]. PMID- 3145591 TI - [Interdisciplinary: Marfan's syndrome]. PMID- 3145592 TI - [Work burden, quality and care]. PMID- 3145593 TI - [New universities in society. Changes in higher professional education]. PMID- 3145594 TI - [Education for oncological patients in the outpatient service. I. Role of the nurse]. PMID- 3145595 TI - [Quality assurance in district nursing]. PMID- 3145596 TI - [Winti: a supplement to the 'traditional' treatment methods in psychiatry]. PMID- 3145597 TI - [Counting hands--on need for care and personnel use in nursing homes]. PMID- 3145598 TI - [De Klokkenberg, Breda]. PMID- 3145599 TI - [Euthanasia]. PMID- 3145601 TI - [Euthanasia. Requirements for care, guidelines from the Public Health Council]. PMID- 3145600 TI - [Euthanasia, or: the limits of nursing]. PMID- 3145602 TI - [The nurse confronting euthanasia]. PMID- 3145603 TI - [Euthanasia protocol for a facility for intramural health care; an example]. PMID- 3145604 TI - [Practice evaluation]. PMID- 3145605 TI - [Persons with whom every communication runs aground]. PMID- 3145606 TI - [Education for oncological patients in the outpatient service. II. Patients' experiences]. PMID- 3145607 TI - [Educational programs: discussions without margins?]. PMID- 3145608 TI - [Part-time work]. PMID- 3145609 TI - [This is how patients can feel. The hospital and I. Introduction to the knowledge of the hospital as seen through the eyes of a difficult patient]. PMID- 3145610 TI - [Old wine in new flasks. The nurse and the law Professions in Individual Health Care]. PMID- 3145611 TI - [Tropical diseases--symptoms, treatment and nursing care]. PMID- 3145612 TI - [Interdisciplinary: physiotherapy in COPD patients 'in motion']. PMID- 3145613 TI - [Nurse specialists. Experiences in the Groningen Academic Hospital]. PMID- 3145614 TI - [It doesn't do us credit to forget the past]. PMID- 3145615 TI - [Does economizing affect the quality of nursing care?]. PMID- 3145616 TI - [One-sidedness in the Den Treek plan]. PMID- 3145617 TI - [Patient confused, caregiver upset]. PMID- 3145618 TI - [Stress, work pressures and mistakes]. PMID- 3145620 TI - [Interdisciplinary--Von Recklinghausen disease]. PMID- 3145619 TI - [Quality assurance--computer-assisted questioning of patients]. PMID- 3145621 TI - [Caring for patients with AIDS]. PMID- 3145622 TI - [NMV (Dutch Association for Nursing): power collection is the key word. Interview by Tonny van de Pasch and Jos Tenholter]. PMID- 3145623 TI - [Nursing ... future source of anxiety. On demand and supply in nursing]. PMID- 3145624 TI - [Fona's and quality of care]. PMID- 3145625 TI - [Washing hands]. PMID- 3145626 TI - [Bloemendaal, The Hague]. PMID- 3145627 TI - Quantitative measurement of renal function using Ga-68-EDTA. AB - We studied renal function using a positron emission tomography with C15O gas and 68Ga-EDTA in 6 normal subjects (male, 21-77 years old). The blood volume (ml/100 g (kidney] was 19.2 +/- 1.8 for the one 21 years old subject and 11.8 +/- 2.0 for the rest (65-77 years old). The glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/100 g (kidney] was 57.8 +/- 1.1 for the 21 years old subject and 30.4 +/- 2.8 for the rest. PMID- 3145628 TI - Stimulatory effect of histamine on normal human melanocytes in vitro. AB - Normal human epidermal melanocytes became swollen and more dendritic and the immunoreactive tyrosinase increased markedly when they were cultured for 2 days with 5 microM of histamine. These results suggest that high dermal concentrations of histamine may be responsible for the induction of skin pigmentary changes associated with local proliferation of mast cells such as in urticaria pigmentosa and systemic mastocytosis. PMID- 3145629 TI - Inhibition of halothane-induced lipid peroxidation by misoprostol without hepatoprotection. AB - In mice, the synthetic prostaglandin derivative misoprostol failed to protect against liver damage induced by acetaminophen, carbon terachloride,1,1 dichloroethylene or thioacetamide. In rats, misoprostol (20-100 micrograms/kg p.o.) markedly reduced early increments of plasma enzyme activities (glutamate pyruvate-transaminase, GPT; sorbitol dehydrogenase, SDH) in a model of halothane induced liver injury; the most effective dose in this respect (20 micrograms/kg) significantly depressed halothane-induced ethane exhalation indicating in vivo lipid peroxidation. Repeated treatment with misoprostol (20 micrograms/kg p.o.) still diminished halothane-induced elevations of enzyme activities over 48 h, but failed to prove hepatoprotection by histomorphological examinations. It is concluded that the antiperoxidative properties of misoprostol are not paralleled by an hepatoprotection, which was indicated by significant reductions of liver specific plasma enzyme activities, but not confirmed by the morphological picture. PMID- 3145630 TI - Induction of cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b-5, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and change of cytochrome P-450 isozymes with long-term trichloroethylene treatment. AB - Several reports have described the effects of trichloroethylene (TCE) on the microsomal mixed function oxidase system (MFOS). These studies suggest that repeated TCE administration induces MFOS, especially cytochrome P-450 and NADPH cytochrome c reductase. However, it is uncertain what isozymes are induced by TCE treatment, and it is not clear how microsomal enzymes or cytochrome P-450 isozymes are altered when TCE is administered for a duration longer than 28 days. We investigated the changes of MFOS by long-term TCE treatment. Male Wistar rats were injected with TCE, 1.0 g/kg body weight once a day for 5 continuous days or 2.0 g/kg body weight twice a week for 15 days. The mean body weight of the rats treated with TCE for 15 weeks was slightly, but not significantly, less than that of the control rats. Relative liver weights (liver wt/body wt) of the TCE-treated group were however significantly larger (21%) than those of the control group. The weights of the other organs were not changed by long-term TCE treatment. Trichloroethylene treatments for 5 days and 15 weeks caused significant increases in microsomal protein, cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b-5 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. TCE treatments produced an increase in a polypeptide band at 52,000 molecular weight range observed with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). This increase in similar to, but less pronounced than that induced by phenobarbital (PB) treatment. There were no remarkable changes at 56,000 molecular weight range where a band appeared after the treatment with 3 methylcholanthrene (MC). It is likely that the induction of cytochrome P-450 by TCE is relatively similar to that by PB. PMID- 3145631 TI - Induction of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 isozymes and epoxide hydrolase by a series of 4'-substituted-2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyls. AB - We have shown previously that 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl is ineffective as an inducer of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. Addition of a single para chloro substituent in the otherwise unsubstituted phenyl ring, to give 2,3,4,4',5 pentachlorobiphenyl, produces a potent cytochrome P-450 inducer with both phenobarbital- and 3-methylcholanthrene-type characteristics. In the present study, 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl was substituted in the para(4') position with 12 other functional groups. The 4'-X-C12H5Cl4 derivatives were tested as inducers of cytochromes P-450a--P-450e and epoxide hydrolase, by immunochemical analysis of liver microsomes prepared 4 days after a single treatment (500 mumol/kg) of 1 month-old male Long Evans rats. When the para' substituent was a halogen (F, Cl, Br or I), the derivative induced both cytochromes P-450b and P-450e, and cytochromes P-450c and P-450d, which are the major phenobarbital- and 3 methylcholanthrene-inducible isozymes, respectively. A similar type of induction was observed with a second group of derivatives substituted with CN, NO2 or CF3. However, a derivative containing CH3CO--(which is also a meta-directing, ring activating substituent) failed to induce cytochromes P-450a-P-450e at the dosage and time tested. Members of a third group of derivatives, which contained an ortho/para-directing, ring-activating substituent) were either ineffective inducers (OH, CH3, CH3O--), or were inducers of cytochromes P-450c and P-450d (isopropyl or t-butyl). Hence, 4'-substitution with a bulky lipophilic substituent conferred 3-methylcholanthrene- but not phenobarbital-type characteristics on 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl. Some of the derivatives tested, namely those substituted with Cl, Br, I and CF3, were remarkably effective inducers of cytochrome P-450a, causing a 10-11-fold induction of this isozyme. Data on the induction of cytochrome P-450c were analyzed by multiparameter linear regression in an attempt to correlate the biological activity of the 4'-X C12H5Cl4 derivatives with the physiochemical properties of the various substituents. From these results, and those reported recently, we propose that binding of the 4'-X-C12H5Cl4 derivatives to the rat cytosolic Ah receptor is favored by increasing the electronegativity, lipophilicity and hydrogen bonding characteristics of the 4' substituent, whereas enzyme induction (both in vivo and in cultured rat hepatoma cells) is also governed by a fourth characteristic, the STERIMOL factor, which gives a measure of the width of the substituent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3145632 TI - [Constitutional bone diseases detected in the neonatal period. Apropos of a series of 11 cases]. PMID- 3145634 TI - [70 years of Bioveta]. PMID- 3145633 TI - The role of ultrasound in the early diagnosis of fetal structural defects following maternal anticonvulsant therapy. AB - A total of 162 pregnant subjects using anticonvulsant drugs were examined for fetal congenital defects over a period of five years. In 138 of these subjects, alpha-feto-protein (AFP) levels were determined in amniotic fluid at 16 weeks of gestation to rule out spina bifida. In all instances, a fetal anomaly scan was performed between 18 and 20 weeks of gestation. AFP levels were always within the normal range; neonatal examination revealed no spina bifida; however, in seven newborns, a single, or multiple structural defect was established. Apart from cases of severe hydrocephaly, hypospadia, and radius aplasia, the anomalies were too small to be detected by present-day ultrasound equipment. Couples should be informed of the limitations of ultrasound in the early detection of structural defects previously associated with the use of anticonvulsant drugs. PMID- 3145635 TI - [The quality of embryos in relation to their survival in vitro]. PMID- 3145636 TI - [Function of the corpus luteum in reproductive disorders in cattle]. PMID- 3145638 TI - [The occurrence of aflatoxin in eggs]. PMID- 3145637 TI - [The effect of intra-renal infusion of iodoacetate on urea excretion in sheep]. PMID- 3145639 TI - [The inhibitory effect of chemical substances on the growth of the fungus Aspergillus parasiticus and on the formation of aflatoxin in corn]. PMID- 3145640 TI - [Identification of rumen bacteria using the MIDIPA microbiological diagnostic paper test]. PMID- 3145641 TI - [Characterization of adherent ureolytic and amylolytic rumen bacteria]. PMID- 3145642 TI - Preventive treatment of rabbit coccidiosis with alpha-difluoromethylornithine. AB - The effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) administered in drinking water (0.2 and 0.5%) against liver and intestinal coccidioses in experimentally infected rabbits was studied. Zootechnical and clinical parameters were used to assess the efficacy of the compound. In both coccidioses the lower dose did not show any important effect. The higher dosage (0.5%) however, reduced the lesions induced by coccidia to an important extent. The animals infected and treated with 0.5% DFMO showed similar weight gain, food intake and relative liver weight figures to the non-infected controls. Serum transaminase levels in the rabbits infected with Eimeria stiedai and treated with 0.5% DFMO were close to those of the non-infected animals. Infected rabbits treated with this dosage also showed reductions (over 80%) in faecal oocyst output. PMID- 3145643 TI - [The effect of hemoperfusion using synthetic resin on blood gases and acid-base equilibrium]. PMID- 3145644 TI - [Dynamic characteristics of seizures with psychopathologic manifestations in patients with true epilepsy]. PMID- 3145645 TI - [Analytical reliability of the results of determining pH, pCO2 and pO2 with the ABL 300 (Radiometer) automatic pH and blood gas analyzer]. AB - The analytical reliability of the determination of pH, pCO2 and pO2 by the automatic analyzer "ABL 300" (Radiometer) was studied. Control materials were used: Confirm, Acidbasol and Qualicheck in the normal, acid and alkaline sphere, and arterial blood, too. The precision within run and between runs for pH and pCO2 meets the contemporary standards (variation coefficient: pH--below 0.2%, pCO2--below 5%. The precision between runs for pO2 is unsatisfactory by low partial oxygen pressure. The accuracy of the three directly determined indices meets the contemporary standards. The comparative analysis of the results obtained by "ABL 300" and "Corning 178" shows a high degree of correlation between the two apparatuses. PMID- 3145646 TI - Smokeless tobacco control. Report of a WHO Study Group. PMID- 3145647 TI - [Somatotropin response following stimulation with human gonadotropin releasing factor 1-44 in young adults and in the elderly]. AB - The answer of STH (somatotropic hormone) after stimulation with hGRF (Gonadotropin-releasing-factor) 1-44 in young and old subjects from both sexes is examined. The results show that the young have a raising in concentration of STH significantly. The maximal values are evaluated at 15-60 min after the application of GRF. The old subjects have greater individual differences. The raising of the serum level of STH after hGRF 1-44 although evaluated in the same interval is not significant. PMID- 3145648 TI - [Behavior of basal and stimulated serum levels of prolactin, growth hormone and gonadotropins in females with chronic uremia]. AB - In 11 female patients with chronic uraemia at the age of 20 to 47 years (average age: 33.1 years) the behaviour of basal and stimulated serum levels of prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (HGH) and gonadotropins (LH, FSH) was investigated. For stimulation of the hormone secretion a sequential test with arginine hydrochloride, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was used. In 2 women the investigations were repeated after kidney transplantation. The determination of LH, FSH, PRL and HGH was performed radioimmunologically. The investigations show that in women with chronic uraemia the basal LH-levels in general lie clearly above of those ones of women with biphasic cycles, whereas the FSH-levels are not increased. The LH-response after administration of 25 micrograms GnRH is adequate in 6 women and is absent in 5 women. After kidney transplantation a clear reduction of the basal LH-levels in comparison to the preliminary values is to be established. The increased basal LH levels are causally made responsible for the disturbances of the menstrual cycle in women with chronic uraemia. For PRL hyper- and normoprolactinaemic as well as hypoprolactinaemic basal levels are found. A connection between the height of the PRL and creatinine levels cannot be proved. Apart from a adequate PRL response to the stimulation with TRH in the individual case this response is inadequate or is absent. The basal HGH-levels are in the area of reference. In all women HGH can adequately be stimulated, whereby the case in question is presumably a so-called paradoxical TRH-effect. PMID- 3145650 TI - [Economy and effectiveness of a neonatal emergency service on a regional basis]. AB - A prospective study was conducted with the aim of assessing the effectiveness of a clinic's own EMSN. To this end, the relationship between morbidity, mortality, and place of birth among 236 newborns with birthweights under 1500 grams was investigated. In addition, the time spent on ambulance trips was determined, as were the rates of attendance of pediatricians at births. A comparison of treatment practice and results among infants transferred "internally" from the neighboring gynecologic clinic with those achieved in newborns transferred from outside showed that the effectiveness of the EMSN was limited and was "bought" at great expense. In particular among children with birthweights of 1000 g and more, referrals from outside included significantly more cases of surfactant deficiency syndrome and intraventricular hemorrhage, and the mortality rate among them was higher. The study underscores the need for, and confirms the possibility of, timely "internal" transfer of high-risk children to a perinatal center. PMID- 3145649 TI - [Behavior of the basal and stimulated serum level of thyroid stimulating hormone and determination of thyroxine, thyroxine- binding capacity and free thyroxine index in females with chronic uremia]. AB - In 11 female patients with chronic uraemia at the age of 20 to 47 years (average age 33.1 years) the basal and the thyrotropin releasing hormone-(TRH-) stimulated thyroid gland stimulating hormone-(SH-) secretion were investigated, in addition to this the parameters of the thyroid gland total thyroxin (T4), thyroxin binding capacity (TBC) as well as the free thyroxin-index (FT4-I). In 2 women the investigations were repeated after kidney transplantation. The determination of TSH and T4 was carried out radioimmunologically, TBC was determined according to the principle of the test tube analysis, whereas FT4-I was established by computation. In 9 of the 11 female patients with chronic uraemia a physiological TSH-response behaviour is existing, whereas for T4 deviations from the reference area are to be stated in 7 female patients and for FT4-I in 6 female patients. PMID- 3145651 TI - [Medicamentous obstetric analgesia with pentazocine in comparison with an untreated control group]. AB - In order to establish whether a powerful analgesic such as pentazocine administered during birth may damage the child or have negative influence on the course of birth, the course of delivery was studied in 40 patients, 20 of whom were given a single dose of 30 mg pentazocine administered intramuscularly. There were no differences in duration of birth, CTG, blood gases post partum, or Apgar scores as compared to the untreated control group. As regards the pharmacokinetics, the serum pentazocine levels of the gravidae corresponded to those found in non-pregnant subjects; the levels found in blood from umbilical cords and new-borns were at the lower limit of detectability. Almost all of the gravidae described the obstetric analgesia as good or adequate. The principal side effect, mentioned by one-third of the pentazocine group, was slight fatigue. As regards the newborns, the fetal outcome in the two groups was the same. PMID- 3145652 TI - [Surgical aortic valve replacement for acute Streptococcus viridans endocarditis with simultaneous moderate hemophilia A]. AB - This is a report of a 25-year-old patient with known aortic valve stenosis since early youth and hemophilia A, showing recurrent joint bleeding. Acute Streptococcus endocarditis induced aortic valve insufficiency resulting in cardiac failure. Aortic valve replacement was performed after substitution of factor VIII, during which intra- and postoperative bleeding was prolonged by pericardial adhesions. Heparin was administered during cardiopulmonary-bypass as usual, but usual postoperative cumarin therapy was not initiated due to prolonged PTT time. One year postoperatively, the patient was in an excellent condition and fully rehabilitated. PMID- 3145653 TI - [Resorbable augmentationplasty and functional after care in fresh rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. An improved treatment concept]. AB - The initial stability of a reconstruction of an acute rupture of the ACL may be improved by a biodegradable augmentation with polydioxanon. This technique provides sufficient stability for a functional aftertreatment in a knee brace. The functional results of ACL reconstruction may be improved by this concept. PMID- 3145655 TI - [Health care in the election: how will politicians solve the problems in health care?]. PMID- 3145654 TI - [Experiences with cement-free implantation of the Zweymuller/Endler and Zweymuller total hip joint endoprosthesis. Indications, results, complications and modification of periarticular ossification by diphosphonate (ethylidene-1 hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate)]. AB - In the last six years the authors have implanted 340 hip joint prostheses of the Zweymuller/Endler or Zweymuller type in 285 patients from the lateral transgluteal approach. Approximately one-third of these patients (111) had previously undergone surgery on the hip joint in question. Intraoperative complications included four cases of elongation of the leg due to implantation of an over-long prosthesis shaft. Four of the shafts implanted were too small and in two cases subsequently loosened. In two patients a divulsion of the trochanter major occurred and there were two cases of cracking of the calcar femoris with involvement of the trochanter minor. There were also two cases of shaft divulsion at the level of the prosthesis tip. Postoperative complications included periarticular ossifications in 41 cases. There were 11 cases of phlebothrombosis and six of pneumonia. Superficial hematomas developed in the wound region in four cases. In addition, there were two cases of shaft and one of acetabular loosening, as well as three prosthesis dislocations. Between October and December 1987, a total of 232 of these patients were examined and the results rated according to Merl d'Aubigne's classification: 166 (71%) were classified as very good or good, 49 (21%) as satisfactory, and 17 (7%) as unsatisfactory. The most common postoperative complication was periarticular ossification, seen in 41 cases. Even though this is not a serious complication and the periarticular ossifications did not necessarily result in severe limitation of movement, a major functional loss as compared to the preoperative findings was seen in the patients with severe ossification (IIIrd degree) at the examination 12 months postoperatively. By giving EHDP, since November 1984, it has proved possible to reduce the incidence of periarticular ossifications from 28 to 12%. In the last 24 months even better results have been achieved by administration of EHDP unter function-scintigraphic control. According to the author's results the Zweymuller/Endler and Zweymuller systems satisfy the requirements for a cement free total hip replacement since, on the one hand, intraoperative and postoperative complications are slight and, on the other, a good functional result is achieved. The Zweymuller prosthesis has proved particularly suitable for hip joints operated on previously. PMID- 3145656 TI - [24-hour duty a way to solve the nursing shortage. An open job with a lot of responsibility. Interview by Monika Trozell]. PMID- 3145657 TI - [Comparative study of the results of combined treatment of cancer of the stomach using various schedules of preoperative radiation therapy]. PMID- 3145658 TI - [Intensive irradiation as an adjuvant to the surgical treatment of patients with cancer of the colon]. PMID- 3145659 TI - [Potentially hazardous complications of central venous catheterization]. PMID- 3145660 TI - The use of CSF pressure recordings in acute purulent meningitis. AB - Non-fluid displacing pressure transducers can be applied to a spinal needle at LP and direct CSF pressure recordings obtained routinely. The method is particularly applicable to children with suspected meningitis and is both a safer and a more accurate estimate of CSF pressure. Children with acute purulent meningitis frequently have raised intracranial pressure on presentation and Mannitol infusion during the LP recording is useful in returning the pressure to normal. PMID- 3145661 TI - [The concept of basic therapy of chronic polyarthritis with D-penicillamine: clinical experiences over 10 years]. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic lifelong disease, facts which must be considered when concepts of therapy are developed. This paper reports retrospectively analyzed results of long-term therapy using D-penicillamine. One hundred-sixteen patients were selected for critical analysis from among 257 treated patients. Judgment was made according to the parameters: inflammation activity, radiological progression, remission rate, clinical outcome-measurement. The results show that the clinical course of the disease is influenced by the treatment and they confirm the need for long-term therapy with an emphasis on immunomodulation. PMID- 3145662 TI - [A simple method of percutaneous endoscopy controlled gastrostomy]. PMID- 3145663 TI - [Characteristics of the catecholamine system in patients with endogenous depression before and after sleep deprivation therapy and tricyclic antidepressants]. AB - Results are presented of the study of catecholamine system in endogenic depressive patients before and after treatment with sleep deprivation (26 patients) of tricyclic antidepressants (30 patients). Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and DOPA excretion were studied as related to clinical picture of the syndrome (2 groups: melancholic and anesthetic depressions). Sleep deprivation therapy was an effective method, as indicated by both clinical and catecholamine system signs. PMID- 3145664 TI - [EEG changes in response to dehydration depending on the extent of intracranial hypertension]. AB - The authors examined 30 patients with intracranial hypertension caused by brain tumor who received 1 g/kg mannitol for dehydration. It was found that dehydration improves the function of the brain in the stage of subcompensation but makes it worse in the stage of decompensation. This has an effect both on the patients' general condition and on the EEG. The response of the healthy hemisphere to the administration of mannitol differed significantly from that of the involved hemisphere. Indications were determined for prescribing dehydration therapy according to the clinical stage of intracranial hypertension. PMID- 3145665 TI - [Misoprostol and cimetidine in the treatment of active duodenal ulcer. Multicenter, double-blind, clinico-endoscopic study. The Argentine experience]. AB - Ten Argentine centers participated in this cooperative trial. One hundred and sixteen patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer entered the study and were randomly assigned to receive either Misoprostol 800 micrograms or Cimetidine 1200 mg, q.i.d. per day, during four weeks of treatment. Patients were allowed to take Amphogel tablets for relief of ulcer pain when necessary, and clinical, lab tests and adverse effects were evaluated weekly. Ninety-nine patients (Misoprostol 54, Cimetidine 45) completed the study and were evaluable. Success/failure criteria were based on endoscopically documented complete healing at the end of treatment period. Healing rate of four week was 85.2 per cent (46/54) for Misoprostol and 75.5 per cent (34/45) for Cimetidine, with no statistically significant difference. It is concluded that Misoprostol and Cimetidine are highly effective and safety in the healing of active duodenal ulcer. Misoprostol is a new therapeutical alternative for the treatment of duodenal ulcer patients. PMID- 3145666 TI - Metabolic and phagocytic activities of the mouse retina after 6-hydroxydopamine treatment. AB - The activities in mouse retinae were evaluated after 6-hydroxydopamine injection. A significant increase in labeled leucine uptake was evident in the photoreceptor layer. Latex uptake in the pigment epithelium showed no changes. Denervation of catecholaminergic terminals inside the retinae thus affected the metabolism of photoreceptors. PMID- 3145667 TI - Neural differentiation of melanocytes in vitiliginous skin. AB - Biopsies from 74 cases of vitiligo were examined to study the reactions of marginal melanocytes. In 35 cases, the melanocytes at the edge of the patch appeared highly dendritic and large with marked arborization of the dendrites between the surrounding epidermal cells. These cells showed low pigmentation but a high enzyme activity which extended along the dendrites. The enzymes include tyrosinase/dopa oxidase, dopamine oxidase and noradrenaline activity, indicating that these cells have a biphasic melanogenic/adrenergic differentiation. This similarity between the dendritic melanocytes and the amelanotic melanoma cell line HT-18 is of interest. PMID- 3145668 TI - Variability of fiber size, capillary density and capillary length related to horse muscle fixation procedures. AB - Muscle samples were taken from the superficial part of the semitendinosus muscle of four standardbred horses to compare the effects of three different fixation procedures on fiber size and capillarity. Infiltration fixation in an extended position of the muscle was compared to immersion fixation and infiltration fixation in a flexed position of the limb. The capillary length density was used to estimate muscle capillarity. Infiltration fixation was found to be a viable alternative to perfusion fixation of muscles for morphometry of fiber size and capillary length density allowing muscle tissue fixation at a defined sarcomere length without fiber kinking. PMID- 3145669 TI - Fetal transfusion. AB - In the Rh-sensitized pregnancy, direct treatment of the fetus has been practiced for over two decades. Although Rh immune prophylaxis has markedly decreased the incidence of Rh sensitization, there are still fetal deaths due to this disease. Current management of the severe form of Rh disease includes serial transabdominal intrauterine transfusions, preterm delivery and intensive neonatal care. Heart failure in the fetus may be treated by administering medications to the mother. Ascites or pericardial effusion are easy to detect with ultrasound imaging. Digoxin and diuretics have been used to reverse the ultrasound evidence of fetal congestive heart failure. Recently, direct fetal intravascular transfusion by fetoscopy has proven effective. In some instances, hydrops fetalis appears to be reversed by such transfusions. The use of promethazine and plasmapheresis have only limited success in ameliorating the disease in the fetus. PMID- 3145670 TI - Influence of basic fibroblast growth factor on carbonic anhydrase expression by rat glial cells in primary culture. AB - Modifications of the morphology, the proliferation and the synthesis of carbonic anhydrase of glial cells in primary cultures maintained in defined medium have been investigated under the action of basic fibroblast growth factor. Cultures contained essentially three cell types: astrocytes which expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein, oligodendrocytes which were characterized by the presence of carbonic anhydrase and precursor cells in which these two proteins were detected by immunocytochemistry. In the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor astrocytes and oligodendrocytes underwent morphological changes, characterized by a fibrous aspect; astroglial cells acquired essentially several long processes and oligodendroglial cells formed generally two long processes. The factor increased the proliferation of these two cell types. The quantity of carbonic anhydrase per oligodendrocyte was enhanced in treated cultures. The double-stained precursor cells were present between days 7 and 11 of culture in defined medium, while in the presence of fibroblast growth factor these cells were more numerous and were still present after 14 days. The basic fibroblast growth factor stimulated the proliferation of these young glial cells and modified their morphology. But the differentiation of precursor cells towards one glial cell type appeared to be delayed. PMID- 3145671 TI - Synaptophysin in the developing cochlea. AB - The immunoreactivity to SY38 (anti-synaptophysin antibody) was investigated in rat and guinea-pig cochleas during development. In rat pups SY38 reactivity first appeared in the inner spiral bundle (below inner hair cells) at postnatal day 3. Later on (days 10 and 15) the basal pole of outer hair cells (OHCs) was also reactive. In fetal guinea-pigs, the inner spiral bundle was reactive on day 45 of gestation, while the reactivity occurred below OHCs on day 62 of gestation. A preliminary electron microscopic finding (from a guinea-pig 62 days of gestation) indicated that SY38 immunoreactivity is localized within varicosities of efferent (olivo-cochlear) endings. Synaptophysin is thus present in the cochlea at the level where the two efferent systems terminate. Moreover, the occurrence of SY38 immunoreactivity, first at the ISB then at the OHC levels, is in accordance with the observation that the maturation of lateral efferents precedes that of medial efferents. PMID- 3145673 TI - Characterization of isolated and cultured chick osteoclasts: the effects of acetazolamide, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone on acid production. AB - The effects of acetazolamide, calcitonin (CT), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) on acid production in isolated osteoclasts has been investigated. Osteoclasts were isolated from the endosteum of 3-week chick tibias and were maintained under culture conditions for 5 days. The cells were treated with acetazolamide (10 x 4 M and 10(-7) M), CT (1 mU/ml and 0.31 mU/ml) and PTH (6.5 U/ml and 0.40 U/ml) for 1, 3, 6, and 18 hr. The cells were stained with acridine orange and the intensity of fluorescence measured by a light microscope photometer. Acetazolamide treatment resulted in a steady decline in intracellular acidity, suggesting that carbonic anhydrase plays a major role in acid production in isolated osteoclasts. Treatment with PTH produced a decline in acidity at 1 hr, followed by a peak at 3 hr and then a decline at 6 and 18 hr. The transient increase in acidity may be due to activation of carbonic anhydrase by PTH. Calcitonin treatment also resulted in a decline in cell acidity which was similar, but less pronounced than that resulting from acetazolamide treatment. These results indicate that calcitonin may mediate osteoclast activity by alterations in intracellular acid production. PMID- 3145672 TI - Phorbol esters stimulate bone resorption in fetal rat long-bone cultures by mechanisms independent of prostaglandin synthesis. AB - The phorbol esters, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and phorbol-12,13 didecanoate, which activate the enzyme protein kinase C, stimulated resorption in fetal rat long-bone cultures at concentrations of 1 and 10 microM. This effect appeared specific for active phorbol esters, since the inactive analogue 4-alpha phorbol-12,13-didecanoate was without effect. The resorptive responses of fetal rat long-bone cultures to active phorbol esters differed from those previously described in newborn mouse calvaria cultures, since resorption stimulated by TPA in the rat long bones was not inhibited by either indomethacin (10 microM) or flufenamic acid (10 microM). However, calcitonin, an inhibitor of osteoclastic resorption, did decrease the response to TPA. There were some similarities between the response of fetal rat long-bone cultures to TPA and their response to epidermal growth factor (EGF). Like EGF, TPA stimulated DNA synthesis in the bones (measured as the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine) at concentrations below those necessary to stimulate resorption. TPA also did not stimulate resorption in the presence of aphidicolin (10 microM), an inhibitor of DNA synthesis that has been previously shown to block the resorptive response of these cultures to EGF. However, the responses of the cultures to TPA and EGF were not identical, since, unlike the effects of EGF, the stimulatory effects of TPA on DNA synthesis were biphasic. These results demonstrate that active phorbol esters stimulate bone resorption in fetal rat long-bone cultures through mechanisms that do not require prostaglandin synthesis but do appear to be mediated by osteoclasts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145674 TI - The response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of glioma-bearing patients to stimulation with microbial antigen and IL-2: proliferation and IFN-gamma production. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of malignant glioma-bearing patients were stimulated in vitro with a glucomannan-protein antigen of Candida albicans (GMP) or Interleukin-2 (IL-2), then assayed for proliferation and production of Interferon gamma. PBMC of healthy, age and sex matched subjects were the controls. PBMC from glioma-bearing patients did not differ, as a whole, from PBMC of healthy donors in IL-2 or GMP-induced proliferation. However, they showed a definitely lesser ability to produce IFN. The results are discussed in the framework of the impairment of immune responses known to affect glioma-bearing patients. PMID- 3145675 TI - Transplant-induced recovery from 6-OHDA lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamineneurones in mice. AB - Attempts to reconstruct the damaged nigrostriatal pathway in experimental models of Parkinson's disease have thus far been carried out in animals with neurotoxically induced dopamine deficiency. Our study established that unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons produced a well-characterized functional asymmetry in the behaviour of the C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice. The intraperitoneal administration of methamphetamine induced ipsilateral rotation at 7-20 turns/min 1 x 10(6) syngenic DA-rich cells of embryonic ventral mesencephalon were stereotaxically transplanted in the caudate-putamen. A complete recovery of methamphetamine-induced rotational response was produced around the 60th day after the syngenic cell suspension graft. And a complete compensation of the rotational response was also brought about with the DA-rich cells from embryonic ventral mesencephalon (crown-rump length; 10-13 mm) of allogenic C3H/HeN (H-2k) mice. The FACS IV analysis revealed no H-2 (Kk and Iak) antigens before transplantation of these embryonic cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that the dopaminergic fibers had grown predominantly into the ipsilateral caudate-putamen. These results provide evidence of integration of syngenic and allogenic grafts and host tissue. And the immunological response in the transplanted brain are under investigation. PMID- 3145676 TI - Possible synapse formation by embryonic cerebellar tissue grafted into the cerebellum of the weaver mutant mouse. AB - The weaver mutant mouse is characterized by degeneration of cerebellar granule cells in early post-natal stage. In the present study, the possibility of synapse formation in the weaver mouse cerebellum by implanted granule cells was analyzed immunohistochemically with antiserum against synaptic vesicle protein, Synapsin I. Normal cerebellar tissue, obtained from 15-day-old CBA/JNCij mouse embryos, was transplanted into the cerebellum of 4-week-old weaver mice. 6 weeks after the transplantation, the grafted tissue was clearly detected in the host cerebellum, developing a trilaminar organization. A number of granule-like cells were observed in the folia of the host cerebellum, suggesting that the implanted granule cells may have migrated from the grafted tissue into the host cerebellum. Some areas in the host cerebellum as well as in the grafted tissue were intensely stained by anti-Synapsin I serum, indicating that the implanted granule cells make synaptic contacts with the neuronal cells. PMID- 3145677 TI - Second trimester abortion with ethacridine lactate plus carboprost--which is the best time to administer the carboprost? AB - Extra-amniotic ethacridine lactate plus intramuscular prostaglandin has become a popular method for terminating second trimester pregnancies. In this study, intrauterine pressure was continuously monitored in order to objectively compare the efficacy of 3 different times of administration of Carboprost (15-methyl PGF2 alpha) - at 2 hours, 4 hours and 8 hours after the instillation of ethacridine lactate. The best results were obtained with the administration of Carboprost 8 hours after the instillation of the extra-amniotic ethacridine lactate. The synergistic effect of ethacridine lactate and Carboprost is optimal after this time. This is probably because the ethacridine lactate will have produced sufficient cervical ripening to ensure optimal efficacy of the prostaglandin induced uterine contractions in expelling the products of conception. PMID- 3145678 TI - Permeability pathways of Ca2+ efflux from mitochondria: H+ specificity and reversibility of the permeability defect. PMID- 3145679 TI - Role of guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins and inositol phosphates in the hormone induced mobilization of hepatocyte calcium. AB - Treatment of isolated hepatocytes with F- produced a concentration-dependent activation of phosphorylase, efflux of Ca2+, rise in [Ca2+]i, increase in Ins 1,4,5-P3 levels, decrease in PI-4,5-P2 levels, and increase in DAG levels. The levels of intracellular cAMP were decreased by NaF. The effects of NaF were potentiated by AlCl3. This potentiation was abolished by the Al3+ chelator deferoxamine. These results illustrate that AlF4- can mimic the effects of Ca2+ mobilizing hormones in hepatocytes and suggest that the coupling of the receptors for these hormones to the hydrolysis of PI-4,5-P2 is through a guanine nucleotide binding regulatory protein. This is because AlF4- is known to modulate the activity of other guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins (Gi, Gs, and transducin). Calcium-sensitive inositide release in a purified rat liver plasma membrane preparation was increased by calcium-mobilizing hormones in the presence of guanine nucleotides. Vasopressin-stimulated inositide release was evident in the presence of GTP or GTP gamma S. The guanine nucleotide and hormonal stimulation was evident on both inositide production and PI 4,5-P2 degradation. Treatment of plasma membranes with cholera toxin or islet activating protein or prior injection of animals with islet activating protein did not affect stimulation of inositide release by GTP gamma S or GTP gamma S plus vasopressin. The results suggest that calcium-mobilizing hormones stimulate polyphosphoinositide breakdown in rat liver plasma membranes through a novel guanine nucleotide binding protein. The GTPase activity of rat liver plasma membranes was stimulated 20% by 10(-8) M vasopressin. The vasopressin-stimulated GTPase activity was not inhibited in plasma membranes that had been ADP ribosylated with either cholera toxin or pertussis toxin. When membranes that had been solubilized after preincubation with [3H]vasopressin were subjected to sucrose gradient centrifugation, most of the protein-bound [3H]vasopressin migrated as a single band, also, there was a GTPase activity that migrated with the bound [3H]vasopressin. This peak of bound [3H]vasopressin was decreased 90% when the sucrose gradient centrifugation was run in the presence of 10 M GTP gamma S. Direct evidence that a GTP-binding protein was present in the [3H]vasopressin peak was obtained by the immuno-detection of a 35 kDa beta subunit of a GTP-binding protein and a 40 kDa alpha subunit. These results support the conclusion that liver plasma membranes contain a GTP-binding protein that can complex with the vasopressin receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3145680 TI - [Diabetic changes in pupillary reactions and iris histology. No. 3. The role of aldose reductase inhibitor to iridal vessel hyperpermeability of galactose-fed rats]. PMID- 3145681 TI - [Prevention of pericyte ghost formation in retinal capillaries by aldose reductase inhibitor in galactose-fed dogs with diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 3145683 TI - [Benign retroperitoneal cystic teratoma with postoperative chylous ascites--a case report]. AB - A case of benign retroperitoneal cystic teratoma in a 62-year-old female is reported. The patient was admitted to our hospital for the purpose of extensive examination of a left abdominal mass. Radiological examinations including CT scanning revealed a large retroperitoneal mass arising in the left upper quadrant superior to the left kidney, containing cystic areas. The mass was removed by the thoracoabdominal approach under the diagnosis of cystic teratoma or liposarcoma. The margin of the mass was well demarcated and completely separated from other adjacent structures. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of benign cystic teratoma. From the 6th postoperative day, the discharge from a drainage tube, placed in the left retroperitoneal space, increased gradually and the discharge fluid became lipemic. The amount of daily discharge had a peak of approximately 400 ml on the 15th postoperative day. Total parenteral hyperalimentation was started on the 17th postoperative day under a diagnosis of chylous ascites. The amount of the discharge decreased and the drainage tube was removed on the 21st postoperative day. PMID- 3145682 TI - [Clinical studies of the treatment of bladder tumor and its effects--experience in 86 cases]. AB - Prognosis on evaluable 86 patients with primary bladder tumor seen during the 10 years up to 1985 was evaluated in relation to treatment mode and tumor stage. The majority of patients underwent multimodal therapies including surgery, chemotherapy and immunotherapy with picibanil (OK432). Transurethral resection of the tumor was performed as an initial surgical treatment in 49 patients, 9 of whom ultimately underwent total cystectomy. After leaving hospital, these patients were kept on immunotherapy with OK432 and topical chemotherapy with bladder instillation of mitomycin C or adriamycin (ADM) with or without systemic administration of Tegefur as long as possible. The overall actual 5-year survival rate for the patients treated by initial transurethral resection was 80%. Recurrence rate for these 49 patients was 35%. Total cystectomy with urinary diversion was performed in 37 patients who had been placed postoperatively on systemic administration of Tegafur and immunotherapy with OK 432 as long as possible. The overall actual 5-year survival rate for the patients treated with total cystectomy was 54%. The patients with pT2 and lower stage tumor had an actual 5 year survival rate of 72%, while the patients with pT3 and higher stage tumors had a survival of 10%. The high recurrence rate in the patients with superficial tumor and the low actual survival rate of the patients with pT3 and higher stage remain a problem in the treatment of bladder tumor. In recent trials, bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation therapy has been initiated to lower the recurrence rate in superficial tumor and we have had a satisfactory 4-year result.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145684 TI - Exposures to carbon dioxide in the poultry processing industry. AB - The use of dry ice has increased dramatically in poultry processing plants because of changes in the fast food industry. Concentrations of carbon dioxide in four such plants were measured and were found to exceed the Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Level (50,000 ppm) inside holding coolers where ventilation is poor. In other areas, where dry ice is delivered to poultry packages, time weighted average exposures can exceed the threshold limit value of 5000 ppm by substantial margins, even if local exhaust ventilation systems are present. Reports of adverse health effects from carbon dioxide exposure and various control measures are reviewed. Recommendations regarding sampling and analytical techniques also are presented. Operators of poultry plants where dry ice is used need to recognize the occupational hazards of exposure to carbon dioxide. PMID- 3145685 TI - [A solution for escaping controlled hypotension? Combination of enflurane and nitroglycerin in 51 cases of ORL surgery]. PMID- 3145686 TI - [Response of intracranial pressure after rapid perfusion of mannitol in neurotraumatology]. PMID- 3145687 TI - Nutritional support in head-injured patients. PMID- 3145688 TI - [Intravenous combination anesthesia using alfentanil in infants]. AB - Intravenous anesthesia is a method rarely used during infancy. Only neuroleptanalgesia has a number of indications, especially in major surgery and for seriously ill children. There are several advantages of inhalation anesthesia in infancy: good control of anesthesia because of low fat-muscle mass, low functional residual capacity, relatively increased alveolar ventilation, and increased cardiac output. Potential disadvantages of inhalation anesthesia in infancy are numerous: The necessity of high concentrations of inhalational agents may cause myocardial depression and blood pressure drops, the analgetic potency is very low, damage to surfactant is possible, there is a prolonged awakening period in many cases, and cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure can be increased by inhalation anesthetics. Positive results with the short-acting opiate alfentanil in adult lead us to the idea of replacing routine inhalation anesthesia by a combination of low-dose halothane and intermittent injections of alfentanil. Fifty infants undergoing corrective orthopedic surgery of the hip and lower limb were anesthetized with the combination of alfentanil and halothane described in Fig. 1. Patient data are shown in Table 2. All children were premedicated orally with flunitrazepam 0.1 mg/kg body weight and Bellafolin 1 drop/kg and were primarily anesthetized via inhalation of oxygen/N2O/halothane. After relaxation with vecuronium, intubation and administration of alfentanil, halothane concentrations were reduced to low maintenance doses. Intraoperative und postoperative circulatory parameters showed remarkable stability. Postoperative blood gas analyses--in 8 cases done using capillary blood--gave no hint of any respiratory or metabolic disorder caused by the anesthesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145689 TI - [Percutaneous control of gas exchange levels during surgery with hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 3145691 TI - [Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of several O-dialkylaminoalkylated adamantane ketoximes and carbohydroxamic acids]. PMID- 3145690 TI - [Effect of flow-type ultraviolet irradiation of the blood on its gas level in patients with chronic renal failure complicated by suppurative infections]. PMID- 3145692 TI - [Digestive motility during enteral nutrition]. AB - During continuous enteral nutrition, continuing gastric emptying with a constant intragastric volume is observed, which depends on the rate of intragastric infusion. Initiation of enteral nutrition produces a temporary interruption in the propagation of peristaltic waves in the small intestine followed by a recovery of motility such as during fasting. This effect is variable depending on the type of nutritive mixture administered. Finally, the gall bladder demonstrates constant contraction. Colonic motricity has not been studied. PMID- 3145693 TI - [Secretory response and digestive absorption during enteral nutrition. Physiological principles]. AB - Enteral feeding stimulates gastric and bilio-pancreatic secretions; these effects vary accordingly to the type of the diet and the output of the infusion. PMID- 3145694 TI - [Comparative metabolic effect of continuous enteral nutrition and complete parenteral nutrition]. AB - Unlike divided oral feeding, enteral nutrition does not cause any energy consumption for food storage. Comparison of energy requirements shows that with enteral nutrition, as compared to parental nutrition, energy outlays are prolonged oxidation of glucose and triglycerides is slower, but nitrogen balance values do not differ. PMID- 3145695 TI - [Methods of enteral nutrition]. AB - The technique used for enteral nutrition has recently been improved by the development of certain new procedures: percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, a small-caliber catheter, use of a single container for a 24 hour period, ambulatory enteral nutrition in the hospital, and a wide range in the preparation and composition of nutritive mixtures. This paper reviews the different techniques used and evaluates the cost of enteral nutrition in the hospital. PMID- 3145696 TI - [Digestive and respiratory complications in enteral nutrition]. AB - Enteral nutrition is a safe technique but complications may arise. Mechanical problems can occur as a result of tube malposition: regurgitation can induce respiratory distress. Esophagitis is rare and does not seem to be related to acid gastro-oesophageal reflux. Diarrhea, the main gastro-intestinal side effect, has a complex etiology; management requires knowledge of gastro-intestinal physiology during enteral nutrition. Many of the problems encountered with enteral feeding can be avoided by using a fine bore tube, administering the feed by continuous infusion, and careful monitoring of patients for metabolic abnormalities. PMID- 3145697 TI - [Hepato-biliary complications in enteral nutrition]. AB - Hepatobiliary complications of enteral nutrition have been studied little. The incidence of increase in hepatic enzymes during enteral nutrition is minimal, less than 5% and no clinical hepatic disorder has been observed during enteral nutrition. The gall bladder is contractile and echo-less. Unlike total parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition does not cause any hepatobiliary complications. PMID- 3145698 TI - [Enteral nutrition in elderly patients]. AB - In elderly subjects, enteral nutrition makes it possible to alleviate anorexia by preserving the venous system without requiring bedrest for the patient, can be performed in his home, but this method exposes the patient to digestive reflux side-effects and minor reactions whose incidence may be kept to a minimum by using the correct technique. PMID- 3145699 TI - [Enteral nutrition in digestive cancer]. AB - In view of the frequency and the importance of denutrition in digestive cancer patients, continuous enteral nutrition (EN) might be an useful adjuvant treatment should these patients be able to receive an efficient anti-tumoral course of treatment. EN is as effective as total parenteral nutrition in undernourished patients and probably decreases the extent and the frequency of post-operative complications. In contrast, when considered as a complement to radiation therapy or chemotherapy, EN does not enhance tolerance of treatment, response rate nor survival even though it improves the patient's nutritional status. These results must be considered with caution as most of the randomized trials conducted have only included small groups of patients. Further randomized trials are required in homogenous populations of digestive cancer patients in a state of undernutrition and who are eligible candidates for curative treatment. Basic research projects aiming at a specific form of nutritional support for cancer patients are badly needed. PMID- 3145700 TI - [Indications of enteral nutrition in inflammatory bowel diseases]. AB - Enteral nutrition may have two-fold value in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory disorders. On one hand it constitutes a simple, inexpensive and effective method of nutritional assistance, which is very useful in medical and surgical contexts since malnutrition is frequently observed in combination with these disorders. It that case, it consists of a polymer type mixture of nutrients generally administered as a supplement to oral feeding. Moreover, as is the case with total parenteral nutrition, it makes it possible to control progressive attacks of Crohn's disease in 80 to 90% of cases. This therapeutic action has only been demonstrated for elementary enteral nutrition alone and by putting the digestive system "at rest" it represents one of the primary factors. In the same way, a remission may be obtained in corticosteroid resistant or dependent forms of this disease as well as the weaning of the patient from or a reduction in dosage of corticosteroids. Its prolonged, discontinuous administration in children with below normal height and weight appears as promising. However, as with all current treatments used for this disorder, it does not radically alter the progressive course of Crohn's disease. PMID- 3145701 TI - [Constant flow alimentation in Crohn's disease of children]. AB - Enteral nutrition in children with Crohn's disease is a preferred treatment of acute attacks. When maintained for three months, it effectively acts on digestive symptoms, makes possible the resumption of growth and onset of a delayed puberty. In contrast, it does not appear to modify the long-term course of the disease: 7 out of 10 patients had relapses 3 to 6 months after interruption of enteral nutrition. PMID- 3145702 TI - [Continuous enteral nutrition and short bowel syndrome]. AB - In the short bowel syndrome, enteral nutrition makes it possible to ensure adequate caloric intake, increases absorption, and facilitates intestinal adaptation. In a series of 98 patients with short bowel syndrome, enteral nutrition proved to be well tolerated, effective from a nutritional standpoint and made it possible to maintain digestive feeding alone in 88 cases. The quality of the result is determined by strictly observing the practical applications of this method (slow continuous flow rate, a cautious increase, and administration of electrolyte and mineral supplements). PMID- 3145703 TI - [Artificial nutrition and alcoholic cirrhosis]. AB - Malnutrition is observed in 60 p. cent of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. It is characterized by weight loss, hypoproteinemia, and a negative nitrogen balance. It is due to multiple causes. This malnutrition increases the risk of disturbances in the immune system, susceptibility to infection, and postoperative complications. Re-nutrition by standard methods of feeding often is inadequate or impractical. Use of artificial nutrition is often made necessary either by enteral or parenteral route. A controlled study of parenteral nutrition did not make it possible to correct weight loss and protein deficiency in these patients. Laboratory tolerability, except for increased BUN was always excellent. Enteral nutrition, easier to administer, which appears less dangerous and more natural, has not demonstrated its efficacy either. PMID- 3145704 TI - [Indications of enteral nutrition in pancreatic disorders]. AB - In the treatment of disorders of the pancreas, artificial nutrition must satisfy nutritional requirements while avoiding stimulation of exocrine pancreatic juice observed during oral feeding. Although total parenteral nutrition (PN) induces pancreatic hyposecretion or weak pancreatic stimulation, enteral nutrition (EN) whether elementary or semi-elementary type stimulates pancreatic secretion and the release of CCK, with weaker stimulation in case of intrajejunal feeding. In acute pancreatitis, semi-elemental EN by jejunal feeding has successfully been used in the treatment of moderately serious cases, once the acute phase of the disease has been passed. Although PN remains the best indication for the treatment of pancreatic fistula, several studies have reported the closure of pancreatic fistulas during elementary enteral feeding administered by jejunal route. In the treatment of chronic pancreatitis, EN especially provides nutritional support for very undernourished patients, most often in the preoperative context. Finally, in children suffering from cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, prolonged sessions of EN provide marked improvement in the nutritional and respiratory status of these patients. PMID- 3145705 TI - Effects of early under-nutrition on dietary self-selection and relative carbohydrate- and protein-conditioned preferences. AB - Rats were either under-nourished from birth to 45 days and thereafter well fed, or were well-nourished throughout. Such previously under-nourished rats (PU) had a body weight deficit in adulthood of about 15% when compared with the well-fed group (C). On four training days, rats were presented with a distinctively odourized solution of carbohydrate or protein, following a 5-h period of food deprivation. On the test day, under the same food deprivation conditions as occurred during training, identical solutions distinguished only by their odour were presented simultaneously to the rats for a period of 20 min. PU rats showed a conditioned preference for the carbohydrate-paired odour. Control animals showed a small preference for the protein-paired odour. The same rats were later allowed to self-select from three macronutrients for a period of 8 days. No differences in dietary self-selection patterns were found between PU and C rats. PMID- 3145706 TI - Methods for improved recovery of Listeria monocytogenes from cheese. AB - Method of homogenization (Waring blender versus stomacher), type of diluent (tryptose broth [TB] versus aqueous 2% trisodium citrate), and temperature of diluent (20 versus 40 degrees C) were compared for recovery of Listeria monocytogenes from freshly made and ripened Colby cheese. By using direct plating on McBride listeria agar, significantly higher numbers of L. monocytogenes were recovered when cheese samples were (i) homogenized for 2 min with the blender rather than the stomacher (P less than 0.01), (ii) diluted in trisodium citrate rather than TB (P less than 0.01), and (iii) diluted in diluents at 40 rather than 20 degrees C (P less than 0.05). Based on these results, a new diluent/enrichment medium was developed by adding 2% trisodium citrate to TB (TBC). Despite superior results with the blender, biosafety concerns led to use of the stomacher for homogenization of cheese samples; hence, the stomaching time was increased to 3 min. Results obtained by direct plating indicated that recovery of L. monocytogenes from Colby cheese and from curd samples taken during manufacture of brick cheese increased when samples were diluted 1:10 in TBC at 45 degrees C and stomached for 3 min, as compared with similarly treated samples diluted in TB at 25 degrees C. A similar comparison of both diluents for recovery of L. monocytogenes from cold-pack cheese food yielded bacterial counts which were not significantly different. Recovery of L. monocytogenes from cold-enriched (at 4 degrees C for up to 8 weeks) samples of Colby cheese and cold-pack cheese food was generally similar for samples homogenized in TBC or TB. PMID- 3145707 TI - Cloning and expression of a Bacteroides succinogenes mixed-linkage beta-glucanase (1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase) gene in Escherichia coli. AB - A pseudorandom genomic library of Bacteroides succinogenes DNA, cloned into pUC8 in Escherichia coli, was screened for beta-glucanase activity on 0.1% lichenan plates. Six high-activity clones, containing identical 5.2-kilobase inserts of B. succinogenes DNA, were obtained. The clones exhibited activity solely on beta glucan substrates containing beta-(1----3)(1----4) linkages, thus manifesting a specific fibrolytic enzyme previously unrecognized in B. succinogenes. A subclone (pJI10) of the original insert (1.35 kilobases in size) expressed full beta glucanase activity under control of its own promoter. The expression of beta glucanase in pJI10 appeared subject to catabolite regulation by glucose. Detailed analysis of enzyme activity in the parental and deleted derivatives, subcloned into pUC18 and pUC19, suggested that the apparent glucose repression was an artifact arising as a consequence of interactions with the lac transcriptional unit in the plasmid vector. PMID- 3145708 TI - Acetate production from hydrogen and [13C]carbon dioxide by the microflora of human feces. AB - Fecal suspensions from humans were incubated with 13CO2 and H2. The suspensions were from subjects who harbored 10(8) and 10(10) methanogens per g (dry weight) of feces, respectively, and from a subject who did not harbor methanogens. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that acetate labeled in both the methyl and carboxyl groups was formed by suspensions from the subject without methanogens and the subject with the lower concentrations of methanogens. The amounts of labeled acetate formed were in agreement with the amounts expected based on measurements of H2 utilization. No labeled acetate was formed by suspensions from the subject with the higher concentrations of methanogens, and essentially all of the H2 used was accounted for by CH4 production. Suspensions from the subject with lower concentrations of methanogens produced both methane and acetate from H2 and CO2. The results indicate that reduction of CO2 to acetate may be a major pathway for microbial production of acetate in the human colon except when very high concentrations of methanogens (ca. 10(10) per g [dry weight] of feces) are present. Double-labeled acetate was also formed from H2 and 13CO2 by fecal suspensions from nonmethanogenic and moderately methanogenic rats. PMID- 3145709 TI - Ruminal ciliated protozoa in bison. AB - Ruminal contents from 79 slaughtered bison and 2 ruminally cannulated bison were collected to obtain information on total numbers and species distribution of ciliated protozoa. The bison originated from numerous herds throughout the Great Plains and were grouped into three dietary categories: (i) only forage; (ii) forage with moderate levels of supplementation; and (iii) feedlot concentrate silage diet. Total ciliate counts were highest in bison receiving grain supplementation (210.1 x 10(4)/g) and lowest in bison consuming only forage (27.1 x 10(4)/g). All protozoan species found in bison have been reported in domestic livestock, although Ophryoscolex sp., a relatively common protozoan in cattle, was detected at low concentrations in only eight bison. The uncommon holotrich Microcetus lappus was present in five bison in concentrations reaching 8.4% of the total ciliate population. Charonina ventriculi, another infrequently observed species, was present in 18 bison, with the highest concentrations in forage-fed animals. Thirty bison possessed a type B protozoan population, characterized by Epidinium sp., Eudiplodinium maggii, and Eudiplodinium bovis. Thirty-eight bison possessed a mixed A-B population, characterized by Polyplastron sp. coexisting with low numbers of Eudiplodinium maggii or Epidinium sp. or both. Thirteen bison possessed populations lacking any remnant type B ciliate species. At least 29 of the bison possessing Polyplastron sp. were known to have been in contact with cattle, whereas all bison isolated from cattle had type B populations. The reduction of type B populations in bison becomes increasingly likely as bison production expands into areas inhabited by domestic livestock. PMID- 3145710 TI - Carbon allocation in wild-type and Glc+ Rhodobacter sphaeroides under photoheterotrophic conditions. AB - The photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides is capable of producing H2 via nitrogenase when grown photoheterotrophically in the absence of N2. By using 14C-labeled malate, it was found that greater than 95% of this substrate was catabolized completely to CO2 during H2 production. About 60% of this catabolism was associated with H2 biosynthesis, while almost 40% provided reductant for other cellular purposes. Thus, only a small fraction of malate provided carbon skeletons. The addition of ammonium, which inhibited nitrogenase activity, increased substrate conversion into carbon skeletons threefold. Catabolism of malate occurred primarily via the tricarboxylic acid cycle, but gluconeogenesis was also observed. The wild-type organism grew poorly on glucose, accumulated gluconate and 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate, and did not produce H2. More than 50% of metabolized glucose appeared in carbon skeletons or in storage compounds. A glucose-utilizing mutant was five times more effective in utilizing this substrate. This mutant produced H2 from glucose, using 74% of metabolized substrate for this purpose. Glucose converted to storage products or to other carbon skeletons was reduced to 8%. Fixation of CO2 competed directly with H2 production for reducing equivalents and ATP. Refixation of CO2 released from these substrates under H2-producing conditions was, at most, 10 to 12%. Addition of ammonium increased refixation of respired CO2 to 83%. Patterns of carbon flow of fixation products were associated with the particular strains and culture conditions. PMID- 3145711 TI - Novel method for studying plasmid transfer in undisturbed river epilithon. AB - A method for in situ mating experiments is described which involved overnight incorporation of donors containing the mercury resistance plasmid pQM1 and recipients into the epilithon on separate river stones. The stones were then joined to begin the mating. Transfer frequencies obtained were between 2.2 x 10( 1) and 2.5 x 10(-6) per recipient and appeared to depend on the donor-to recipient ratio (489/1 to 0.0047/1) and not on the river temperature (12 to 19 degrees C). Controls showed that the low density of donors and recipients at the end of the experiment (3.4 x 10(2) to 7.0 x 10(5) cm-2) did not significantly affect the heterotrophic bacterial count (1.43 x 10(6) to 6.39 x 10(6) cm-2) nor the fluorescent-pseudomonad count (2.3 x 10(4) to 9.33 x 10(4) cm-2). PMID- 3145712 TI - Transformation of tetrachloromethane to dichloromethane and carbon dioxide by Acetobacterium woodii. AB - Five anaerobic bacteria were tested for their abilities to transform tetrachloromethane so that information about enzymes involved in reductive dehalogenations of polychloromethanes could be obtained. Cultures of the sulfate reducer Desulfobacterium autotrophicum transformed some 80 microM tetrachloromethane to trichloromethane and a small amount of dichloromethane in 18 days under conditions of heterotrophic growth. The acetogens Acetobacterium woodii and Clostridium thermoaceticum in fructose-salts and glucose-salts media, respectively, degraded some 80 microM tetrachloromethane completely within 3 days. Trichloromethane accumulated as a transient intermediate, but the only chlorinated methanes recovered at the end of the incubation were 8 microM dichloromethane and traces of chloromethane. Desulfobacter hydrogenophilus and an autotrophic, nitrate-reducing bacterium were unable to transform tetrachloromethane. Reduction of chlorinated methanes was thus observed only in the organisms with the acetyl-coenzyme A pathway. Experiments with [14C]tetrachloromethane were done to determine the fate of this compound in the acetogen A. woodii. Radioactivity in an 11-day heterotrophic culture was largely (67%) recovered in CO2, acetate, pyruvate, and cell material. In experiments with cell suspensions to which [14C]tetrachloromethane was added, 14CO2 appeared within 20 s as the major transformation product. A. woodii thus catalyzes reductive dechlorinations and transforms tetrachloromethane to CO2 by a series of unknown reactions. PMID- 3145713 TI - Comparative mycobactericidal efficacy of chemical disinfectants in suspension and carrier tests. AB - The efficacy of nine disinfectants on Mycobacterium smegmatis was tested in the presence of sputum, using quantitative suspension and carrier tests. Glutaraldehyde, povidone iodine, and chlorhexidine gluconate produced at least a 6-log10 reduction in CFU in all tests. Four disinfectants (sodium dichloroisocyanurate, phenol, ethanol, and sodium hypochlorite) were not as effective in the carrier tests as in the suspension tests; this difference ranged from a 1- to a 5-log10 reduction in CFU. The efficacy of ethanol and sodium hypochlorite was further reduced (3- and 1-log10 reductions in CFU, respectively) in the presence of sputum. The quaternary ammonium compound and iodophor were ineffective in all tests. The findings of this study demonstrate the need for a quantitative carrier test such as the one presented here. PMID- 3145714 TI - Role of sublethal injury in decline of bacterial populations in lake water. AB - Following their addition to lake water, the populations of Escherichia coli and of antibiotic-resistant strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Micrococcus flavus, Rhizobium meliloti, and Klebsiella pneumoniae declined rapidly, as determined by counting on media containing antibacterial compounds. The estimates of population sizes were occasionally higher if procedures were used that permitted possible resuscitation of injured cells. No resuscitation procedure yielded consistently higher estimates of populations of surviving cells than the use of selective media alone. The patterns of survival of the test bacteria in lake water amended with eucaryotic inhibitors were essentially the same whether a resuscitation procedure was used or not, and the patterns of survival in sterile lake water or buffer were the same whether counts were made on selective media or on media without antibacterial agents. On the basis of the methods used to show sublethal injury caused by stress, we suggest that such injury to the test bacteria is not a significant factor involved in their decline in lake water. PMID- 3145715 TI - Microbial transformation of the pyrethroid insecticides: permethrin, deltamethrin, fastac, fenvalerate, and fluvalinate. AB - Pure cultures of Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Achromobacter sp. were shown to transform five pyrethroid insecticides in the presence of Tween 80. One of the major products, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, was further transformed to 4 hydroxy-3-phenoxybenzoic acid. Permethrin was the most rapidly transformed of the pyrethroids, with a half-life of less than 5 days. PMID- 3145716 TI - Metabolism of arachidonic acid by human nasal and bronchial epithelial cells. AB - Nasal and bronchial epithelium from normal human nasal turbinates was isolated from surgical specimens and used to study arachidonic acid metabolism. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of cell incubations in the presence of calcium ionophore, A23187, showed the formation of 15-lipoxygenase products. The major arachidonic acid metabolite with bronchial and nasal tissue was 15-HETE identified by uv spectroscopy, coelution with the authentic standards by HPLC, and GC-mass spectrometry. The second major metabolite, formed from either arachidonic acid or 15-HPETE, was identified as 13-hydroxy-14,15-epoxy-5,8,11 eicosatetraenoic acid (15-alpha-HEPA) by uv spectroscopy, coelution with the authentic standard, and GC-mass spectrometry. In addition, two 8,15-diHETEs and two 8,15-LTs were identified by uv spectroscopy and coelution with the authentic standards by HPLC on both reverse-phase and normal-phase HPLC. Also isolated and identified were 14,15-diHETEs, and 12-HETE. Nasal epithelial cells appear to be more active than nasal bronchial cells in oxidizing arachidonic acid. However, the profile of metabolites from these normal tissue preparations was similar. The addition of 15-lipoxygenase products to nasal epithelium weakly stimulated Cl- ion secretion. These studies indicate that human pulmonary epithelial cells selectively oxidize arachidonic acid to 15-lipoxygenase metabolites. PMID- 3145717 TI - Glycogen synthesis from glucose and fructose in hepatocytes from diabetic rats. AB - In rat hepatocytes, the basal glycogen synthase activation state is decreased in the fed and diabetic states, whereas glycogen phosphorylase a activity decreases only in diabetes. Diabetes practically abolishes the time- and dose-dependent activation of glycogen synthase to glucose especially in the fed state. Fructose, however, is still able to activate this enzyme. Glycogen phosphorylase response to both sugars is operative in all cases. Cell incubation with the combination of 20 mM glucose plus 3 mM fructose produces a great activation of glycogen synthase and a potentiated glycogen deposition in both normal and diabetic conditions. Using radiolabeled sugars, we demonstrate that this enhanced glycogen synthesis is achieved from both glucose and fructose even in the diabetic state. Therefore, the presence of fructose plays a permissive role in glycogen synthesis from glucose in diabetic animals. Glucose and fructose increase the intracellular concentration of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose reduces the concentration of ATP. There is a close correlation between the ratio of the intracellular concentrations of glucose 6-phosphate and ATP (G6-P/ATP) and the activation state of glycogen synthase in hepatocytes from both normal and diabetic animals. However, for any given value of the G6-P/ATP ratio, the activation state of glycogen synthase in diabetic animals is always lower than that of normal animals. This suggests that the system that activates glycogen synthase (synthase phosphatase activity) is impaired in the diabetic state. The permissive effect of fructose is probably exerted through its capacity to increase the G6-P/ATP ratio which may partially increase synthase phosphatase activity, rendering glycogen synthase active. PMID- 3145718 TI - Structure-activity relationships for glycine-extended peptides and the alpha amidating enzyme derived from medullary thyroid CA-77 cells. AB - A peptidyl alpha-amidating enzyme has been partially purified from conditioned medium derived from cultured medullary thyroid CA-77 cells. The interactions of this enzyme with a series of tripeptides, pentapeptides, and mature glycine extended prohormones has now been studied using a competition assay that features the enzymatic alpha-amidation of N-dansyl-Tyr-Val-Gly. While a peptide C-terminal glycine was obligatory for tight binding to the alpha-amidating enzyme, other peptide structural elements modulated the interaction. Thus, a greater than 1300 fold range in apparent inhibitor constants was observed by substitution at the -1 (penultimate) position in a C-terminal glycine-containing tripeptide with each of the 20 common L-amino acids. Peptide inhibitory potency decreased through the following amino acid groupings: sulfur containing greater than aromatic greater than or equal to histidine greater than nonpolar greater than polar greater than glycine greater than charged. This pattern was qualitatively dissimilar to that observed for a more limited series of substitutions at the -2 position, demonstrating the positional selectivity of these structural requirements. The structure-activity relationships observed with the tripeptides at the -1 position were consistent with the apparent inhibitor constants obtained for a collection of prohormones and their pentapeptide mimics. Finally, selected prohormones and their pentapeptide mimics were equipotent inhibitors, demonstrating that the peptide structural elements important for alpha-amidating enzyme recognition are located entirely within the C-terminal pentapeptide segment. PMID- 3145719 TI - A differential scanning calorimetric investigation of the domains of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. AB - The differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) properties of a series of recombinant tissue plasminogen activators (rt-PA) have been examined. The endotherm obtained for native rt-PA can be deconvoluted into a pair of two-state transitions, which indicates that two separate observable regions of the molecule undergo independent melting. A distinguishing feature of native rt-PA is the dependence of the temperature of the maximum heat capacity of the endothermic transitions (Tm) on the thermal scan rate of the samples, suggesting that a kinetic process, involving conversion of a reversibly denatured to an irreversibly denatured form of the protein, with an energy of activation of approximately 81.5 kcal/mol, characterizes its thermal denaturation. A comparison of the conformational properties of rt-PA preparations which have been produced in different expression systems, as revealed by DSC analysis of their thermal denaturation characteristics, has demonstrated that subtle differences do occur. Similar studies with deletion mutants of rt-PA suggest that the growth factor domain (EGF) plays a role in its overall thermal stability, when the protein also contains the kringle 1 region, and removal of the EGF domain leads to conformational alterations in other areas of the molecule. PMID- 3145721 TI - [Hybridization of A-factor deficient mutants of Streptomyces griseus by means of fusion of protoplasts]. AB - Characteristics of 6 A-factor deficient mutants of S. griseus are presented. The common feature of the mutants was impairment of sporulation, formation of aerial mycelium and streptomycin synthesis. Pair-by-pair hybridization of the mutants was performed with protoplast fusion followed by regeneration. 9 pair couplings of the mutants were performed. In 3 of them sporulating recombinants were detected. The antibiotic production level in 70 hybrids was different and ranged from 0 to 1700 micrograms/ml. The morphological features of the colonies and the number of the spores formed were also different. The common feature of all the 70 sporulating hybrid strains was recovery of synthesis of A-factor, an endogenic regulator of S. griseus development. Therefore, in the A-factor deficient mutants impairment of A-factor synthesis was induced not by the plasmid elimination, as was suggested, but by mutation of separate genes. PMID- 3145720 TI - Mutagens, toxicants, and other constituents in small city sludges in New York State. PMID- 3145722 TI - [Intermediate myocardial metabolism. Changes in ischemia, diabetes and hyperthyroidism]. AB - Long-chain free fatty acids (FFA) are oxidized, in preference to carbohydrates, by a myocardium with normal oxygen supply. Their utilization is increased in diabetes and most probably also in hyperthyroidism, since in both cases plasma FFA concentrations are augmented. Under conditions of ischaemia, the long-chain fatty acid esters of coenzyme A (CoA) and carnitine accumulate in cells. This accumulation depends on the degree of coronary blood flow reduction, being very high in moderate ischaemia and much reduced when the coronary flow is nul. The accumulation of acyl-CoA and acylcarnitine in ischaemic myocardium is amplified by diabetes. The presence in the cells of these amphophilic compounds (notably acylcarnitine) in high concentrations has been associated with changes in the structure and properties of mitochondrial and sarcolemmal membranes. Finally, the accumulation of glycolysis end-products (e.g. lactates and protons) may condition the degree of functional recovery from global and total ischaemia. In this respect, recently obtained in vitro data show that a decrease in cellular pH may be one of the determinant factors in reperfusion. PMID- 3145723 TI - [Toxicity of oxygen free radicals in reperfusion. Myth or reality?]. AB - It would appear from numerous experimental data that an overproduction of oxygen free radicals may occur during reperfusion of an ischaemic myocardium. However, this has not yet been confirmed experimentally owing to the lack of a method for direct measurement of these radicals. In this paper, the topic is reviewed, with emphasis on the problems associated with the study of oxygen free radicals in biological tissues. In a second part, spin-trapping studies conducted on the isolated rat heart are reported. They tend to confirm the presence of disturbances in oxygen-derived free radicals occurring as early as the first minute of reperfusion. PMID- 3145724 TI - [Primary cardiomyopathies and disorders of myocardial energy metabolism: causes or consequences?]. AB - In this review paper, the authors summarize the studies which support the theory that a defect in production of energy by the myocardial cells is a determinant factor in the genesis and/or aggravation of dilated cardiomyopathy. Points that are common to this metabolic theory and to the other pathogenetic mechanisms usually described (notably viral or toxic mechanisms) are presented. PMID- 3145725 TI - [Laser fluorimetry of NADH]. AB - Laser fluorimetry of reduced nicotinamide adenine-dinucleotide (NADH) in situ is a new technique used for real-time studies of the degree of reduction of the first link in the mitochondrial respiration chain. We present here the first results obtained in animal experiments and in clinical exploration: In rats, coronary occlusion produces a substantial rise in mitochondrial NADH, followed by a fall below basal level during reperfusion. Tetanic contraction of slow-twitch muscles in rats results in a rise in NADH level higher than that produced by contraction of fast-twitch muscles. During coronary angiography, injection of the contrast medium induces a rise in NADH in patients with a significant degree of coronary stenosis. Intravenous nitroglycerin reduces both left ventricular end diastolic pressure and NADH fluorescence concomitantly, due to preferential distribution of the coronary blood flow to sub-endocardial layers. Exercise induced ischaemia results in a decrease of muscular NADH concentration in Mc Ardle syndrome, due to phosphorylase deficiency. PMID- 3145726 TI - [Contribution of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of phosphorus-31 and carbon-13 in the study of myocardial metabolism]. AB - The use of NMR spectroscopy in the non-invasive assessment of myocardial metabolism has greatly increased over the last decade. The initial experiments were performed on isolated perfused heart preparations, but these have since been extended to whole animal and clinical studies. The use of the phosphorus-31 nucleus allows assessment of energetic metabolism and intramyocardial pH. Carbon 13 spectroscopy based on the use of substrates selectively enriched with the C-13 isotope enables the study of a specific chosen metabolic pathway and provides qualitative and quantitative information about the metabolic changes. Research is now preceding in two directions: firstly, the study of fundamental problems such as the mechanisms of ischaemia, the consequences of intracellular acidosis and the precise role of ATP and phosphocreatine: secondly, very active clinical and pharmacological research in using NMR in animal models of cardiac pathology. Finally, recent technological progress suggests that NMR spectroscopy will soon be used for direct studies of the human heart. PMID- 3145727 TI - [Lactates, amino acids, other derivatives and provocation tests]. AB - Myocardial metabolism is a dynamic process which, by using lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and heterocyclic compounds, translates the energy liberated by the broken bonds in terms of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The dynamic character of this metabolism demands extremely precise controlling mechanisms of five main types: availability of substrates, transcriptional and translational effects, post-translational changes, allosteric and non-allosteric effects and shuttle systems. Within this very complex model with its multiple interferences, static analysis of fixed metabolites seems to be quite futile: it can only give a summary and global assessment at blood flow or even cardiac level of a tremendous number of contradictory reactions, and the sophistication of biological analysis does not succeed in hiding our conceptual ignorance. These pessimistic comments are aimed especially at the lactate and other similar tests. PMID- 3145728 TI - Role of broncho-alveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary disease. PMID- 3145729 TI - Activity of carbonic anhydrase and its isozymes in early post parturient buffaloes during summer and winter. PMID- 3145730 TI - Thymo-bursal and adrenal reactions in chickens subjected to thiourea treatment. PMID- 3145731 TI - Effect of addition oral contraceptives in chicks diet. AB - Contraceptives are used in poultry production aiming to increase the profit. The present study resulting in some data revealed that the application of contraceptive pills in chicks diet is negatively affecting the chick performance as shown from the insignificant (P greater than or equal to 0.05) decrease of body gain, feed conversion efficiency, deposit fat percent, liver weight percent and blood glucose content. Dressing percentage and total edible parts percentages, did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.05). Biochemical parameters in blood were measured and the results are discussed. PMID- 3145732 TI - FSH, LH, PRL and E2 levels in follicular fluid and serum of patients undergoing follicle stimulation with different protocols for IVF. PMID- 3145733 TI - The effect of an anti-progestin compound (RU486) on gonadotropin release from rat anterior pituitary cells in vitro. PMID- 3145734 TI - Panic induction via inhalation of 5.5% CO2 enriched air: a single subject analysis of psychological and physiological effects. PMID- 3145735 TI - Zinc can activate cellular acidic alpha-D-glucosidase activity. AB - In an attempt to elucidate the effect of metallic ions and EDTA on acidic alpha-D glucosidase activity, we measured acidic alpha-D-glucosidase activity from either lymphocyte and muscle tissue homogenates or intact cells after incubation with metallic ions. The results showed that this enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by Ag+, Hg2+, and Fe3+ in either lymphocyte or muscle tissue homogenates. There was no effect of Zn2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+. However, intact cells, either lymphocyte or muscle cells, after incubation with Zn2+ for 1 or 2 hr, showed enhanced enzyme activity and suppression in the other metallic ion groups, especially in Ag+, Hg2+, and Fe3+. Since deficiency of this enzyme can cause type II glycogen storage disease (Pompe's disease), the more we understand the character of this enzyme, the more we can improve our enzymatic therapy. PMID- 3145736 TI - Isozyme polymorphism of beta-glucosidase in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Electrophoretic analysis of the distribution of various electromorphs at different beta-glucosidase zones was carried out in natural populations of A. nidulans, the A. nidulans group, and various species belonging to the genus Aspergillus from diverse geographical areas of India. The data show the existence of three segregating zones for beta-glucosidase, designated beta-GluI, beta GluII, and beta-GluIII. All three zones are present in wild isolates of A. nidulans, and only two, i.e., beta-GluI and beta-GluIII, in the A. nidulans group and beta-GluII and beta-GluIII in different species of Aspergillus except A. terreus, A. flavus, and A. brevipes, where only beta-GluIII is present. Overall nine electromorphs are observed at beta-GluI, three at beta-GluII, and six at beta-GluIII zones, respectively. It can be concluded that there may be three structural genes for beta-glucosidase coding the three polymorphic zones in A. nidulans. PMID- 3145737 TI - Is vitellogenin an ancestor of apolipoprotein B-100 of human low-density lipoprotein and human lipoprotein lipase? AB - Vitellogenin, an ancient animal protein, is the major yolk protein of eggs, where it is used as a food source during embryogenesis. Here it is shown that vitellogenins, including those from the invertebrates Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, contain domains that are homologous with parts of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) of human low-density lipoprotein and human lipoprotein lipase. As vitellogenins are likely to have been used by invertebrates during embryogenesis well before the circulation of lipids appeared in vertebrates, it is suggested that copies of a precursor gene, serving a function similar to vitellogenin, were modified to code for part of apoB-100 and lipoprotein lipase in vertebrates. In addition to providing a link between invertebrates and vertebrates for proteins involved in lipid transport, these homologies suggest new functions for vitellogenin other than being a yolk food for the developing embryo. PMID- 3145738 TI - Cross-linking of the electron-transfer flavoprotein to electron-transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase with heterobifunctional reagents. AB - The mitochondrial electron-transfer flavoprotein (ETF) is a heterodimer containing only one FAD. In previous work on the structure-function relationships of ETF, its interaction with the general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (GAD) was studied by chemical cross-linking with heterobifunctional reagents [D. J. Steenkamp (1987) Biochem. J. 243, 519-524]. GAD whose lysine residues were substituted with 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionyl groups was preferentially cross-linked to the small subunit of ETF, the lysine residues of which had been substituted with 4 mercaptobutyramidine (MBA) groups. This work was extended to the interaction of ETF with ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF-Q ox). ETF-Q ox was partially inactivated by modification with N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate to introduce pyridyl disulphide structures. A similar modification of ETF caused a large increase in the apparent Michaelis constant of ETF-Q ox for modified ETF owing to the loss of positive charge on some critical lysines of ETF. When ETF-Q ox was modified with 2-iminothiolane to introduce 4-mercaptobutyramidine groups, only a minor effect on the activity of the enzyme was observed. To retain the positive charges on the lysine residues of ETF, pyridyl disulphide structures were introduced by treating ETF with 2-iminothiolane in the presence of 2,2' dithiodipyridyl. The electron-transfer activity of the resultant ETF preparation containing 4-(2-pyridyldithio)butyramidine (PDBA) groups was only slightly affected. When ETF-Q ox substituted with MBA groups was mixed with ETF bearing PDBA groups, at least 70% of the cross-links formed between the two proteins were between the small subunit of ETF and ETF-Q ox. ETF-Q ox, therefore, interacts predominantly with the same subunit of ETF as GAD. Variables which affect the selectivity of ETF-Q ox cross-linking to the subunits of ETF are considered. PMID- 3145739 TI - Purification and characterization of pentagalloylglucose, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitor/antibiotic from the freshwater green alga Spirogyra varians. AB - An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor/antibiotic was purified from the freshwater green alga Spirogyra varians and was determined to be the pentagalloylglucose 3-O digalloyl-1,2,6-trigalloylglucose. PMID- 3145741 TI - Anterior-posterior pattern formation: an evolutionary perspective on genes specifying terminal domains. PMID- 3145740 TI - Purification and characterization of three forms of glutathione transferase from Proteus mirabilis. AB - Three forms of glutathione transferase (GST) with pI values of 6.0, 6.4 and 7.3 were isolated from Proteus mirabilis AF 2924 by glutathione-affinity chromatography followed by isoelectric focusing, and their structural, kinetic and immunological properties were investigated. Upon SDS/polyacrylamide-slab-gel electrophoresis, all forms proved to be composed of two subunits of identical (22,500) Mr. GST-6.0 and GST-6.4 together account for about 95% of the total activity, whereas GST-7.3 is present only in trace amounts. Extensive similarities have been found between GST-6.0 and GST-6.4. These include subunit molecular mass, amino acid composition, substrate specificities and immunological characteristics. GST-7.3 also cross-reacted (non-identity) with antisera raised against bacterial GST-6.0. None of the antisera raised against a number of human, rat and mouse GSTs cross-reacted with the bacterial enzymes, indicating major structural differences between them and the mammalian GSTs. This conclusion is further supported by c.d. spectra. PMID- 3145742 TI - Genetics of surface protein variation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 3145743 TI - Recombinant interferon gamma in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Results of a phase II trial. AB - A clinical Phase II study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment with interferon gamma in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Patients received interferon gamma by two different regimens: 1. 100 micrograms/m2 3x/week i.v. over 4 h every other week--low dose. 2. 500 micrograms/m2 5x/week i.v. over 24 h every other week--high dose--for non responders to regimen 1. The response rate, duration of response, survival and toxicity in the two regimens were evaluated. Treatment with interferon gamma resulted in an overall response rate of 31%, with a duration of response ranging between 2 and 44+ months. Patients responding objectively to interferon gamma or showing stable disease survived significantly longer than non-responders (p = 0.0056). PMID- 3145744 TI - Effect of repeated endotoxin treatment and hypercholesterolemia on preatherosclerotic lesions in weaned pigs. Part II. Lipid and glycosaminoglycan analysis of intima and inner media. AB - We compared the effects of mild hypercholesterolemia and repeated endotoxin infusions on the biochemical composition of aortic intima and inner media of 24 piglets divided into 4 groups 5 days after weaning: controls on normal diet (group I); normal diet and endotoxin (group II); fat-supplemented diet (group III); and fat-supplemented diet and endotoxin (group IV). It was found that mild hypercholesterolemia increased the concentration of arterial esterified cholesterol and the relative amount of the fraction containing chondroitin sulphates A and C in total glycosaminoglycans. Endotoxin infusions partly prevented the increase of serum cholesterol caused by the fat-supplemented diet but had no independent effect on the arterial biochemical composition; nor did they affect the biochemical changes caused by hypercholesterolemia. When the results of all groups were combined, chondroitin sulphates A and C showed a significant positive correlation with the concentration of arterial esterified cholesterol and the percentage of linoleic acid in arterial cholesteryl esters. Serum total cholesterol did not correlate with arterial cholesterol fractions, but the ratio of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol to total serum cholesterol showed a negative association with arterial esterified cholesterol. The present findings indicate that (1) mild hypercholesterolemia is atherogenic in young piglets, and (2) changes in arterial glycosaminoglycan composition might be one of the earliest biochemical alterations in atherogenesis. PMID- 3145745 TI - Effects of CS-514 (eptastatin), an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, on serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemic patients treated by low density lipoprotein (LDL)-apheresis. AB - Nine heterozygous patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) were treated by low density lipoprotein (LDL)-apheresis using dextran sulfate cellulose columns. After more than 3 procedures of LDL-apheresis without drug therapy, combination therapy with LDL-apheresis and CS-514 (eptastatin), an inhibitor of 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme (HMG-CoA) reductase, at a dose of 10 mg twice daily was started. Pre- and post-apheresis serum cholesterol levels were decreased significantly by CS-514, from 289 +/- 24 mg/dl (mean +/- SEM) to 247 +/ 25 mg/dl and from 118 +/- 7 mg/dl to 106 +/- 9 mg/dl, respectively. Pre- and post-apheresis apolipoprotein B levels decreased significantly on CS-514 from 160 +/- 9 mg/dl to 138 +/- 8 mg/dl and from 58 +/- 6 mg/dl to 45 +/- 6 mg/dl, respectively. No adverse effects were observed during the combination therapy. Thus, the addition of an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase to LDL-apheresis is a useful method for further reducing serum cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels in FH heterozygotes. PMID- 3145746 TI - Dose-dependent hypolipidemic effect of an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, pravastatin (CS-514), in hypercholesterolemic subjects. A double blind test. AB - The hypolipidemic effect of a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, pravastatin, was examined. The reductions of serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were dose dependent and significant differences were observed between placebo and 10 or 20 mg groups (P less than 0.01), and 10 and 20 mg (P less than 0.05) groups. The reduction rate of cholesterol after 8 weeks during medication was 16.1% in the 10 mg group, 20.5% in the 20 mg group compared to baseline serum cholesterol levels. LDL-cholesterol decreased by 23.9% in the 10 mg group, and 29.8% compared to baseline LDL-cholesterol in the 20 mg group. The lowering of total cholesterol was entirely attributed to a reduction in LDL-cholesterol. PMID- 3145747 TI - Removal of apolipoprotein E-enriched high density lipoprotein by LDL-apheresis in familial hypercholesterolaemia: a possible activation of the reverse cholesterol transport system. AB - The presence of apo E-containing HDL in familial hypercholesterolaemia was investigated and its removal by LDL-apheresis using a dextran sulphate cellulose column was demonstrated by measurement of the apo E/apo A-I molar ratio of serum and by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting. The molar ratios of apo E/apo A-I in the density greater than 1.063 kg/l fraction of serum obtained from two homozygous patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia were higher (0.021 and 0.030) than that from normal subjects (mean +/- SE 0.011 +/- 0.002) (P less than 0.05). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting showed an increase in apo E-containing HDL similar to HDL2, in the plasma obtained from the homozygous patient with familial hypercholesterolaemia. The increased amounts of apo E-enriched HDL were removed from plasma by adsorption with a dextran-sulphate cellulose column. These results suggested that LDL-apheresis using the dextran-sulphate cellulose column, may cause an increase in the turnover rate of the apo E-containing HDL and thus facilitate cholesterol removal from the peripheral tissues. PMID- 3145748 TI - Plasma low density lipoprotein composition in relation to atherosclerosis in nutritionally defined Vervet monkeys. AB - An atherogenic diet (AD) consisting entirely of normal foods for westernized people was fed to female Vervet monkeys for 4 years. The plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol pool was increased and progression of atherosclerosis was enhanced by the AD compared to a more prudent Western diet. The increased LDL-cholesterol was carried by a 3-fold increase in particles of relatively normal composition and not by packing cholesterol esters into the cores of enlarged LDL particles, as has been reported after feeding semisynthetic diets loaded with extra cholesterol. Nevertheless, these LDL particles were atherogenic. The AD changed the fatty acid composition of LDL-cholesterol esters and triacylglycerol, notably by increasing arachidonic and reducing linoleic acid. Multivariate analysis showed that measures and scores of atherosclerosis were significantly dependent on sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine in LDL and on arachidonic acid in LDL-triacylglycerol. Although apolipoprotein B, free cholesterol, esterified cholesterol and lysophosphatidylcholine in plasma LDL and atherosclerosis were significantly positively correlated in bivariate analysis they were not selected by multivariate analysis as the strongest determinants of atherogenesis. Cholesterol in plasma high density lipoprotein was not changed by the AD and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity in plasma was inversely linked to atherosclerosis. Subcutaneous fatty acids reflected dietary fatty acids. PMID- 3145749 TI - Anomalies in composition of uremic lipoproteins isolated by gradient ultracentrifugation: relative enrichment of HDL in apolipoprotein C-III at the expense of apolipoprotein A-I. AB - Using a discriminating gradient separation technique combined with careful analysis of lipid and apolipoprotein (apo) composition, serum lipoproteins of 20 chronically uremic patients have been compared with those of 19 normal controls matched for age and sex. In uremic subjects, serum VLDL concentration was markedly increased. These particles were enriched in protein and cholesterol and relatively poor in triglycerides (TG). They contained more frequently apo B-48, and a decreased proportion of apo E. Expressed in percent, total apo C was normal but the ratio of apo C-III2/apo C-III1 was elevated. Uremic IDL, whose serum concentration was markedly increased, were characterized by an increased proportion of protein. Total uremic LDL whose serum concentration was normal, contained less esterified cholesterol (EC) and more TG than normal LDL, their EC/TG ratio being very low. Moreover, the concentration of the mature subfraction of LDL having a mean density of 1.043 g/ml, was markedly decreased in uremic subjects. Taken together, these anomalies indicate a delayed transformation of VLDL into LDL in chronic renal failure. The decreased concentration of total HDL in uremic subjects was more marked in HDL2 (-46%) than HDL3 (-24%). Both uremic HDL2 and HDL3 were relatively enriched in TG, and uremic HDL3 were poorer in EC than normal HDL3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145750 TI - Changes of HDL subfraction concentration and particle size by intralipid in vivo. AB - The effects of the artificial triglyceride-phospholipid emulsion (10% intralipid) on HDL subfraction were studied in vivo. After a 14-h fast, subjects received intralipid via a 4-h infusion. Serum lipoproteins were analyzed before and at 4 and 6 h after the start of the infusion. At 4-h the following acute changes by infusion were observed. Triglyceride, phospholipid, free cholesterol, and esterified cholesterol in chylomicrons and VLDL increased. HDL2 as well as triglyceride, phospholipid, free cholesterol and protein within the HDL2 increased, while HDL3 decreased. An increase in HDL3 triglyceride was observed. The masses of apo A-I and A-II in the HDL2 density interval rose while these parameters fell in HDL3. There were decreases of apo C-II and C-III in the HDL subfractions and elevations in chylomicrons and VLDL. The particle size of the HDL subfractions increased. However, most of these acute changes at 4 h tended to disappear by 6 h. These results suggest that there is exchange of lipids and reversible transfer of apo C-II and C-III between HDL subfractions and intralipid, and conversion of HDL3 to HDL2 followed by the reverse conversion of HDL2 to HDL3 as the synthetic emulsion is cleared from the plasma. PMID- 3145752 TI - [Administration of terfenadine in a single dose: comparison to standard treatment, as a double blind study, in patients presenting with allergic rhinitis]. AB - This double-blind, randomized multicentre study was designed to compare efficacy and tolerability of 120 mg terfenadine taken once daily (in the morning) with the established regimen of 60 mg terfenadine taken twice daily in the treatment of seasonal rhinitis. Two comparable groups, a total of 191 hay fever patients, were treated for 1 week. Symptom severity was assessed by the investigators before and at the end of the treatment (visual analogue scale), and daily by the patient (four-point rating scale). All symptoms improved to a similar degree in both groups. Differences between the two groups were not statistically significant, except for nasal symptoms in three cases as assessed by the visual analogue scale in one centre (better relief in the group given 120 mg terfenadine once daily). Tolerability was good and similar in both groups. The data presented show that in the treatment of hay fever 120 mg terfenadine given once daily is an effective, convenient and well tolerated alternative to the regimen of 60 mg terfenadine given twice daily. PMID- 3145751 TI - [Shock mediators and their antagonists as future therapeutic perspectives]. PMID- 3145753 TI - Cathepsin D from human leukocytes. Purification by affinity chromatography and properties of the enzyme. AB - Cathepsin D of human leukocytes was isolated and characterized. Purified leukocytes were lysed under nitrogen pressure and the proteinase activity precipitated by centrifugation at 48,000 x g. The precipitate was extracted by various buffers. The yield of cathepsin D was almost pH-independent but could be increased by Triton X-100. Employing gel chromatography the activity was found at a molecular mass close to 42,000 Da. Purification of the enzyme was performed by a two-step procedure using pepstatin-Sepharose chromatography and ion exchange chromatography. Three multiple forms of the enzyme were separated by ion exchange chromatography. The isoelectric points of the three forms of the enzyme were close to pH 5.0. The enzyme showed the typical characteristics of the acid proteinase cathepsin D. Enzyme activity was influenced by heavy metals such as Hg2 and Fe3 as well as by typical inhibitors for carboxyl-proteinases such as diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methyl ester, 1,2-epoxy-3-(4-nitrophenoxy)propane and 4 bromo-phenacylbromide. An immunological comparison with cathepsin D from human liver by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis indicates identity of the two enzymes. PMID- 3145754 TI - Structure of the O-chain of the lipopolysaccharide of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype T3. AB - Cell-wall lipopolysaccharide isolated from Pasteurella haemolytica serotype T3 using the phenol-water extraction procedure was shown to be an S type lipopolysaccharide by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Hydrolysis with mild acid afforded a lipid-free, antigenic O-chain polysaccharide. On the basis of one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies, in conjunction with microanalytical chemical methods, the O-polysaccharide was determined to be a linear polymer of a disaccharide repeating unit having the structure. [----3)-beta-D-G1cpNAc-(1----4)-alpha-L-Rhap (1----]n PMID- 3145755 TI - A comparison of acetylation in vitro of microsomal, homogenate, and Golgi fractions of rat liver. AB - The activity of acetyltransferase was detected in the microsomal fraction of rat liver by incubation with [3H]acetyl-CoA and by analyses using sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Endogenous membrane proteins of relatively high molecular weight were found to serve as substrates. Optimal conditions for assay of the enzyme were defined. A deacetylase activity was also detected, which was inhibited by 2 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Further subfractionation disclosed that the acetyltransferase activity was most enriched in the Golgi fraction, in which its specific activity was some ninefold greater than in the total homogenate. The radioactive labelling of Golgi-associated proteins observed was relatively intense, exceeding that of histone and ribosomal proteins in the homogenate. Analysis of the acetylated Golgi fraction by two dimensional electrophoresis revealed approximately 90 radioactive polypeptides. Various treatments demonstrated that a minimum of 80% of the incorporated radioactivity was present as derivatives of N-acetylneuraminic acid, principally N-acetyl-9-mono-O-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac2). The sialic acid O acetyltransferase activity detected is thus probably identical to that reported by Varki and Diaz; the intense labelling of proteins reflects the ability of Golgi apparatus fractions to take up and concentrate acetyl-CoA. Protein-bound radioactive Neu5,9Ac2 was also detected in the medium of hepatocytes incubated with N-[3H]acetylmannosamine, demonstrating that these cells synthesize certain proteins containing acetylated sialic acids, some of which may be secreted. The data confirm that the Golgi apparatus is a major site of acetylation of protein bound sialic acids in rat liver in vitro and provide new information showing that many glycoproteins undergo this particular type of modification. PMID- 3145756 TI - Labeled plasma metabolites of L-methyl-hydrogen-3-methionine and L-methyl-carbon 14-methionine in the dog. AB - The validity of the mathematical models that attempt to describe positron emission tomography (PET) images produced with [11CH3] methionine in terms of rates of local cerebral protein synthesis has yet to be established. A major objection to current models is that the use of methionine labeled at the methyl position results in the dispersal of the label among various methyl-accepting compounds that appear in the plasma and may then enter the brain. One approach to overcoming this problem has been the use of "standard" corrections for the activity contributed to plasma by labeled plasma protein and labeled serine. In order to determine the validity of this approach, the metabolic fate of labeled methionine was studied in six dogs. After injection with either [C3H3] methionine or [14CH3] methionine arterial blood was sampled. Plasma fractions containing protein were separated by fast gel filtration, counted with standard scintillation techniques, and their radioactivity was compared with total plasma radioactivity. Plasma was also separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography into methionine, serine, and nonmethionine or serine-containing fractions. These fractions were counted, and their radioactivity was compared with total plasma radioactivity. Labeled protein appeared in plasma about 20 minutes postinjection and then increased steadily. Labeled serine also appeared and reached a peak value of 9.4 +/- 2.1% of plasma activity at 40 minutes. Of greatest interest was the appearance in later plasma samples of increasing amounts of activity contained in nonserine low molecular weight metabolites of methionine. At 40 minutes, those metabolites made up 27 +/- 6.9% of total plasma activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145757 TI - Evaluation of the clinical validity of the "integral spleen" method of renography analysis from parameter changes induced by pharmacological and surgical intervention. AB - A set of controlled experimental animal procedures involving pharmacological and surgical interventions was carried out to assess the clinical validity of the parameters calculated by the "integral spleen" method of renography analysis. There appeared to be a good correlation between the observed changes of these parameters and current pathophysiological information. In particular, the described method includes an original calculation of the filtration fraction without blood and urine sampling or a second tracer injection. This calculation was experimentally validated here. PMID- 3145758 TI - Morphology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa typing phages of the Lindberg set. AB - Eighteen phages were studied by electron microscopy. They belonged to eight morphotypes representing the Myoviridae, Siphoviridae and Podoviridae families of tailed phages. Twelve phages were members of known species and six phages belonged to three new species. Results correlated closely with serological and DNA-DNA hybridization data. Induced and non-induced propagating bacteria were investigated for lysogeny. All strains produced R-type pyocins, phage-like particles or inhibitory reactions. The identity of typing phages should be controlled periodically. PMID- 3145759 TI - Genetic variation among Lassa and Lassa-related arenaviruses analysed by T1 oligonucleotide mapping. AB - Total RNA and small RNA species of several African arenavirus strains have been studied by T1-oligonucleotide mapping. Genetic heterogeneity is observed and discussed on the basis of evolutionary biology of the Lassa complex. PMID- 3145760 TI - [Two BECCT (benign partial epilepsy of childhood with temporo central foci) cases with carbamazepine-exacerbated seizures]. PMID- 3145762 TI - The management of obstructive airways disease in a hostile environment. Proceedings of a symposium. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 31st August-5th September 1987. PMID- 3145761 TI - If I had an episode of grand mal. PMID- 3145763 TI - Managing the environment. PMID- 3145764 TI - The diagnosis of obstructive lung disease. PMID- 3145765 TI - Maintenance therapy of asthma--the right choice? PMID- 3145766 TI - Can today's treatment prevent tomorrow's obstruction? PMID- 3145767 TI - Air flow obstruction--what are the problems for the clinician? PMID- 3145768 TI - Focus on vigabatrin. Proceedings of a satellite symposium. 17th Epilepsy International Congress. Jerusalem, Israel, 6-11th September, 1987. PMID- 3145769 TI - The neuropathology of vigabatrin. PMID- 3145770 TI - CSF soluble proteins and vigabatrin. PMID- 3145771 TI - Evoked potential monitoring of vigabatrin patients. PMID- 3145772 TI - Do we need novel anti-epileptic drugs? PMID- 3145773 TI - Clinical benefits of vigabatrin. PMID- 3145774 TI - Efficacy and tolerability with long-term administration of vigabatrin. PMID- 3145775 TI - Studies on gamma-vinyl-GABA in Kuopio, Finland. PMID- 3145776 TI - A controlled trial of gamma-vinyl-GABA (vigabatrin) in drug-resistant epilepsy. PMID- 3145777 TI - The risks and benefits of current and new anti-epileptic drugs. PMID- 3145778 TI - A profile of vigabatrin. PMID- 3145779 TI - Simulation of vascular surfaces: differential saturation with glycosaminoglycans and their quantitative analysis. AB - Surface layers of sulphated glycosaminoglycan can be quantified by X-ray microanalysis using the local mass-fraction of the element sulphur. As a calibration standard radiolabelled chondroitin sulphate has been attached covalently to a nylon surface at various densities to the point where the molecules are packed as close as the radius of gyration permits. PMID- 3145780 TI - Sodium valproate decreases synaptic potentiation and epileptiform activity in hippocampus. AB - The actions of sodium valproate (NaVP) were studied in the in vitro hippocampus using extracellular, intracellular and voltage-clamp recording techniques. In the CA1 region, concentrations of 30-200 microM NaVP reduced the amplitude but not the time course of post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) of dendritic field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). Epileptiform discharges were studied intracellularly in CA3 cells after pharmacological blockade of synaptic inhibition and repeated tetanic stimulation. NaVP (100 microM) blocked evoked paroxysmal depolarizing shift (PDS) discharges through a mechanism of increasing the threshold for burst-firing. When the PDS current was studied under voltage clamp, application of NaVP (100 microM) resulted in a graded reduction of the PDS waveform. All of the actions of NaVP may result from inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission following repetitive cell firing. A hypothesis is proposed that NaVP may act to decrease excitatory synaptic potentiation necessary for network synchronization. PMID- 3145781 TI - Tetanus toxin binding to mouse spinal cord cells: an evaluation of the role of gangliosides in toxin internalization. AB - Studies on the binding of 125I-labelled tetanus toxin to mouse spinal cord cell cultures revealed two classes of toxin acceptor, one a high-affinity protease sensitive site, the other a lower affinity protease-resistant site. The latter was shown to be sialidase-sensitive and may represent binding to gangliosides. Tetanus toxin internalization by spinal cord cells is rapid and coated pits have been implicated in the process (Parton et al. J. Neurochem., 49 (1987) 1057 1068). To investigate the role of gangliosides in the internalization process, trisialoganglioside was incorporated into the plasma membrane of Balb/c 3T3 cells which lack endogenous toxin-binding activity. 125I-labelled tetanus toxin bound specifically to ganglioside treated cells at 4 degrees C. On warming cells to 37 degrees C, a proportion of bound toxin was degraded indicating that some internalization of toxin had occurred. The mechanism of internalization was studied using tetanus toxin adsorbed to colloidal gold. At 4 degrees C, toxin gold was concentrated in non-coated cell surface membrane invaginations. On warming cells to 37 degrees C, toxin gold was internalized via non-coated vesicles and accumulated within multivesicular bodies and lysosomes. The relative roles of coated and non-coated vesicular uptake systems in the mechanism of action of tetanus toxin are discussed. PMID- 3145782 TI - Effect of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine and an antiserum to rat growth hormone (GH) releasing factor (GRF) on plasma GH secretory profile during a continuous infusion of human GRF in rats. AB - The effects of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha-MT) and an antiserum specific to rat growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) on growth hormone (GH) secretory profile during a 6-h continuous infusion of human GRF(1-44) NH2 were observed in unrestrained adult male Wistar rats. All rats were provided with two indwelling cannulae; one in the right atrium for undisturbed blood collection and the other in the inferior vena cava for 0.9% NaCl or GRF infusion. GRF was administered by an infusion pump at a dose of 50 ng/kg b.wt./min ma GH levels during baseline period were low with little fluctuation. GH secretion was augmented significantly during continuous GRF infusion in control rats but interpeak intervals remained unaltered. When an antiserum specific to rat GRF was administered, episodic GH secretion was abolished. In these rats, pulsatile GH secretion indistinguishable from that of control rats was observed in the continuous presence of human GRF. Although alpha-MT inhibited episodic GH secretion, alpha-MT-treated rats exhibited high-frequency, low-amplitude episodic GH secretion and elevated baseline levels during the stimulation. There were no differences in the amount of GH secreted during GRF infusion between rats that had received either alpha-MT or antiserum to rat GRF. Since GH secretion to GRF is determined largely by somatostatin, the results suggest that phasic release of somatostatin plays an important role in determining the rhythmicity of episodic GH secretion, and that it is modulated by alpha-MT but not by the immunoneutralization of GRF. PMID- 3145783 TI - Spreading depression induced by 100 mM KCl in caudate is blocked by local anesthesia of the substantia nigra. AB - Pressure-ejection of 100 mM KCl was used to induce voltammetric signals in the rat caudate. The signals, detected chronoamperometrically with Nafion-coated carbon fiber microelectrodes, were reproducibly generated at 20-min intervals up to distances of 1600 micron from the KCl stimulus site. Unilateral 6 hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra (SN) demonstrated that over 90% of the voltammetric signal generated was dopamine. Evaluation of the signal onset at two widely spaced electrodes suggested that injection of nl volumes of 100 mM KCl into the rat caudate generates voltammetric signals which resemble spreading depression (SD) produced by more classical methods (e.g. 1 M KCl). We further investigated this phenomenon by simultaneous evaluation of extracellular K+ ion concentration changes, field potential (FP) and voltammetric signals or multiunit activity following stimulation with 100 mM or 1 M KCl. The results show that the signals generated by 100 mM KCl have many of the attributes of 'classical' SD, although the extracellular K+ ion concentration changes and FP changes were smaller in magnitude. However, the characteristic burst of multiunit activity followed by a marked quiescent period found during 1 M KCl stimulation was not observed with 100 mM KCl stimulation. Furthermore, application of 0.5% lidocaine to the SN reversibly blocked all signals generated by 100 mM KCl in the caudate while similar treatment with up to 2% lidocaine was ineffective when 1 M KCl was used as the stimulus. The results suggest that the signals generated by 100 mM KCl may represent an attenuated form of SD which requires a functioning SN, and that this stimulation could be a useful model for studying neurotransmitter interactions in the propagation of the SD phenomena. PMID- 3145784 TI - Responses of primate locus coeruleus neurons to simple and complex sensory stimuli. AB - Single and multiple unit recordings were obtained from locus coeruleus (LC) of unanesthetized, chair-restrained monkeys during presentation of a range of sensory stimuli. Tonic activity was higher during alertness or agitation than during behavioral inattentiveness and drowsiness. Low-level, simple auditory stimuli elicited no response, while more intense stimuli evoked phasic discharges in LC activity. The most pronounced responses were elicited by aversive air puffs and by multi-modal naturalistic stimuli such as interactions with the experimenter. The results suggest that sensory stimuli effective in eliciting LC discharge have specific stimulus attributes. It is proposed that the LC is tuned to specifically respond to stimuli which are conspicuous to that species: stimuli which by their physical or behavioral properties evoke a change in the focus of attention. The LC response would thereby contribute to adaptive behavioral responses to such unexpected imperative stimuli. This hypothesis is consistent with earlier suggestions that the LC contributes to behavioral functions such as vigilance and alarm and provides a rigorous framework for future experiments. PMID- 3145785 TI - Depolarization-induced [3H]arachidonic acid accumulation: effects of external Ca2+ and phospholipase inhibitors. AB - Isolated cerebellar glomeruli were prelabeled with [3H]arachidonate prior to assessment of the roles of external Ca2+ and phospholipases in the depolarization induced accumulation of unesterified arachidonate. The glomerular particles have previously been shown to release neurotransmitters upon exposure to depolarizing conditions, calcium influx, exogenous arachidonate and added prostaglandins. It was observed that membrane depolarization caused an increased accumulation of [3H]arachidonate, which was inhibited by EGTA, verapamil or the lipase inhibitors mepacrine and dibucaine. The major effect of EGTA was expressed on the catabolism of [3H]triglycerides, while verapamil prevented the loss of radioactivity from inositol glycerophospholipids and the lipase inhibitors reduced by triglyceride and inositol glycerophospholipid catabolism. PMID- 3145787 TI - Oncogene ras p21- and v-src pp60-transformed cells exhibit altered expression of proteases. AB - To evaluate the proteolytic activities of oncogene-transfected 3T3 cells, we have developed a copolymerized substrate electrophoretic assay that permits the detection of picogram quantities of proteases produced by cells in culture. Our assay involves a gelatin substrate copolymerized in a polyacrylamide gel. Purified cell membrane preparations were run on gels and various protease activities were detected by amido black. Ras-transfected 3T3 cells appear to have a soluble metalloprotease that may be transiently membrane bound and responsible for destruction of red blood cells (RBC). Oncogene-transfected NIH-3T3 cells have been demonstrated to have RBC cytolytic activity. We have previously shown that v src-transfected 3T3 cells and their cell membranes cause RBC cytolysis which is inhibited by the protease inhibitor leupeptin. Here we report that both H-ras- and K-ras-transfected 3T3 cells and their cell membranes are cytolytic for RBC, but are inhibited by the metalloprotease inhibitor ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid. Using the gelatin substrate gel assay, we determined that some of the proteases were intrinsic to the oncogene expressing cells, while other proteases were secreted into the culture growth medium. PMID- 3145786 TI - Locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the breast without distant metastasis treated with multimodal therapies. AB - Locally advanced breast cancer has been treated with a variety of primary treatments with or without adjuvant therapies. This study combines radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery as a multimodal program for Stage III breast cancer. Radiation was started on day 1: 4600 rad were administered to the breast and 4500 rad were administered to the axilla and supraclavicular areas. Chemotherapy was started on day 1 with weekly intravenous injections of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) (300 mg/m2), methotrexate (15 mg/m2), vincristine (0.625 mg/m2), oral cytoxan (60 mg/m2), and prednisone (30 mg/m2 for two weeks, then 20 mg/m2 for two weeks, then 10 mg/m2 for two weeks). The 5FU, methotrexate, and cytoxan were given for 10 months postsurgery. This combination of modalities produced a complete remission in all 13 patients with Stage III breast cancer after two months of therapy. The median disease-free period was two years. The median survival was 44 months. This approach to the management of Stage III breast cancer is worthy of further investigation. PMID- 3145788 TI - Noninvasive carbon dioxide monitoring. AB - Technical aspects and clinical applications of the two most commonly used noninvasive CO2 monitors, capnography and transcutaneous monitoring, are discussed. Neither accurately reflect PaCO2 in most critically ill patients. However, both monitors give valuable information about other aspects of the patient's physiology. PETCO2 reflects changes in pulmonary perfusion and deadspace ventilation; and, PtcCO2 reflects changes in peripheral perfusion. Thus, both are useful in the critically ill patient, but not necessarily for the assessment of PaCO2. PMID- 3145789 TI - Noninvasive monitoring of lung function during mechanical ventilation. AB - Noninvasive monitoring can greatly enhance decision-making and clinical approaches to the respiratory failure patient. Newer microprocessor systems will calculate, present, and trend derived data such as airway resistance and lung thorax compliance. These changes characterize the degree of lung dysfunction and parallel abnormalities in gas exchange. PMID- 3145790 TI - Nutritional monitoring in the ICU: rational and practical application. AB - The metabolic response to injury can induce a state of hypermetabolism that results in the rapid loss of the body nitrogen, so that a critical reduction in lean body mass that affects morbidity and mortality can occur in a short period of time. The process also induces a redistribution of the body nitrogen away from the skeletal mass and toward the viscera and areas of increased metabolic activity, such as the surgical wound, the zone of inflammation, and toward cells producing mediators. Exogenously administered nitrogen is not very effective in reducing the rate of catabolism. It can, however, increase the rate of protein synthesis. In so doing, the rate of net catabolism is reduced. The modified amino acids appear to be much more effective in achieving these ends than do the standard amino acid formulas. Visceral protein synthesis is difficult to use as an index of visceral protein malnutrition in the settings where the metabolic response to injury is also present. These proteins and the acute-phase reactants may not have the sensitivity and specificity to discriminate between visceral protein malnutrition and the changes induced by the metabolic response to injury. The practical clinical endpoint, then, in managing the nitrogen economy during the metabolic response to injury is to provide adequate nitrogen intake, achieving 2 to 4 gm of positive nitrogen balance whenever possible. Caloric (energy) equilibrium can be achieved. Calories in excess of demand or glucose in excess of the ability to effectively oxidize, however, can have detrimental effects in some settings. Expired gas analysis can be useful in this context. Achieving caloric equilibrium does not appear to be essential. The reduction in malnutrition as a cofactor in morbidity and mortality appears to come from achieving nitrogen equilibrium. These alterations in metabolism induced by metabolic stress and the changes in nutrient requirements have been called metabolic support and are summarized in Table 3. The end-points of metabolic support, whenever possible, become 2 to 4 gm of positive nitrogen balance with an amino acid load that will achieve that balance; support of visceral protein synthesis as judged by acute-phase reactant and hepatic protein (e.g., transferrin) synthesis; and avoiding complications of excess VCO2 and urea production (BUN less than 110 mg per cent) (Fig. 5). PMID- 3145791 TI - Bone histomorphometry, bone mass, and related parameters in alcoholic males. AB - Bone mass and related metabolic variables were studied in 50 males known to be, or to have been, regular alcohol abusers. Subjects were divided into those who were still drinking and those who had abstained for at least 3 months, and the former further subdivided into moderate and heavy drinkers. Twenty-five had at least two atraumatic spinal crush fractures. In 25 cases, bone histomorphometry was carried out. Lumbar bone mineral density and iliac crest bone volume were significantly lower in spinal crush fracture cases. Parathyroid hormone, testosterone, and urinary cortisol measurements showed no difference between groups. Alkaline phosphatase and 24-hour urine hydroxyproline were higher in osteoporotics than in nonosteoporotics. On bone histomorphometry, there were essentially no differences between those with and those without fractures in terms of bone formation and resorption parameters. Drinkers showed lower osteoid seam width and fraction of osteoid covered by osteoblasts, as well as fewer osteoblasts per 10 cm of bone surface than abstainers. Mineralization lag time was prolonged, and mineralization rate per day was lower in the drinkers. Osteon formation time was prolonged in the drinkers. On the resorption side, only the osteon resorption time was significantly different in the drinkers, being prolonged. The heavy drinkers, but not the moderate drinkers, had a significantly reduced surface extent of lacunae. We conclude that alcohol consumption has clear detrimental effects on bone formation with less pronounced suppressive effects on bone resorption. In no biochemical or hormonal measurement, however, with the exception of hydroxyproline excretion and plasma alkaline phosphatase, could those who had osteoporosis be distinguished from those who did not. PMID- 3145792 TI - The effect of chronic caffeine administration on serum markers of bone mineral metabolism and bone histomorphometry in the rat. AB - Caffeine has been cited as a risk factor for osteoporosis in humans. In rats, caffeine increases calcium absorption and excretion and raises parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels. This study investigated the effect of chronic caffeine administration on bone histomorphometry and serum markers of bone mineral metabolism. Twenty-seven male Sprague Dawley rats weighing approximately 300 g were divided into three groups: Group A (n = 8) served as controls, Group B (n = 9) received 2.5 mg/100 g caffeine in their drinking water, and Group C (n = 10) received 10 mg/100 g body weight caffeine in their drinking water. Animals were bled serially for the 8 week study period: Ionized calcium was measured from tail vein blood and serum iPTH and osteocalcin (BGP) from orbital sinus blood. All three groups received two doses of tetracycline for bone histomorphometry which was performed on a right tibial section from each animal. Ionized calcium was not different among the three groups at any time point. No alteration in serum iPTH levels was demonstrated except for day 56 when the high-dose group (C) showed a raised level (mean = 59.1, SE = +/- 8.9 pg/ml (P less than 0.05). By week 8 Group C showed a failure to gain weight compared with Group A. Group C mean weight = 384.0 +/- 6.6 g, Group A 427.4 +/- 10.8 g (P less than 0.005). Serum BGP was significantly increased in Group C compared with control (P less than 0.001). No differences in bone histomorphometry were observed among the three groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145793 TI - Caffeine does not cause in vitro calcium loss from neonatal mouse calvaria. AB - Calcium concentration of media containing calvaria from 6-day-old mice were unchanged by four doses of caffeine in a 48-hour in vitro system. The caffeine treated calvaria were similar morphologically at all levels when compared to their littermate controls. In the culture conditions used, caffeine does not stimulate bone to release calcium. PMID- 3145795 TI - Malabsorption of phosphate by the intestines of young X-linked hypophosphatemic mice. AB - X-linked hypophosphatemic (Hyp) mice are a model for human X-linked (familial) hypophosphatemia (vitamin D-resistant rickets). In several studies, Hyp mice have been shown to exhibit either normal intestinal phosphate absorption or malabsorption of phosphate. These apparently conflicting reports led us to further investigate intestinal phosphate absorption. Isolated intestinal segments in vivo were used in C57BL/6J normal and Hyp mice, both male and female. 33P was placed in the segment in 2 mM Na2HPO4 + 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.2. Mice at 4, 7, and 12 weeks of age were used. No significant differences in phosphate absorption were found between the sexes. At 4 weeks of age, Hyp mice showed significant malabsorption of phosphate, with the jejunum being the most severely affected. Malabsorption was judged by significantly more 33P remaining in the lumen, less in the intestinal tissue, and less in the plasma. At 7 weeks of age, these same trends were seen but at a nonsignificant level. By the 12th week of life, the absorption of 33P was similar in Hyp and normal mice. Thus, phosphate malabsorption in Hyp mice is an age-related phenomena. These changes parallel the malabsorption of calcium in young Hyp mice and reflect the lowered plasma 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) levels of young Hyp mice. PMID- 3145794 TI - 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 alone or in combination with parathyroid hormone does not increase bone mass in young rats. AB - Parathyroid hormone (PTH) alone is known to increase bone mass, but clinical studies of osteoporotic men suggest that when 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is given in combination with PTH, the effect on bone growth is enhanced. To determine if 1,25(OH)2D3 alone would stimulate bone growth, young male rats were given daily subcutaneous injections of either vehicle or 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 ng 1,25(OH)2D3 per 100 g body weight for 30 days. To determine if 1,25(OH)2D3 would augment the PTH anabolic response, rats were given daily subcutaneous injections of either vehicle for 12 days; or 4 micrograms/100 g hPTH alone or in combination with 5 ng/100 g 1,25(OH)2D3; or 8 micrograms/100 g hPTH alone or in combination with 5 ng/100 g 1,25(OH)2D3. Calcium (Ca), dry weight (DW), and hydroxyproline (Hyp) of the distal femur; the rate of mineralization in the metaphysis of the proximal tibia; and serum calcium and phosphate were measured. Low normocalcemic doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 did not significantly stimulate bone growth. 1,25(OH)2D3 did not augment the PTH-stimulated anabolic effect in young male rats. Low doses (2.5 and 5 ng) of 1,25(OH)2D3 were not hypercalcemic, and there was no increase in total bone calcium or dry weight although the 5 ng dose increased trabecular bone calcium. 1,25(OH)2D3 at 10 and 20 ng increased trabecular bone DW and Hyp, but mineralization was impaired and rats were hypercalcemic. 1,25(OH)2D3 in combination with PTH did not augment the PTH stimulation of bone growth as trabecular and cortical bone Ca, DW, and HYP were not increased in rats given both hPTH and 1,25(OH)2D3 compared with values for rats treated with hPTH alone. PMID- 3145796 TI - Short- and long-term effects of a single dose of bisphosphonates on retinoid induced bone resorption in thyroparathyroidectomized rats. AB - The inhibitory effect of a single subcutaneous (s.c.) dose of three different bisphosphonates (Bps)--4-amino-1-hydroxybutylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (AHBuBP), 2 (2-pyridinyl)-ethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (2-PEBP), and dichloromethylene bisphosphonate (Cl2MBP)--was studied in a model of retinoid-induced bone resorption, which consists of assessing the hypercalcemic effect of the arotinoid Ro 13-6298 given s.c. for three days in thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats. The retinoid was given on day 0, 1, and 2. Bps were administered together with or at different times prior to the first dose of retinoid. A dose-dependent inhibition was obtained with all three compounds. AHBuBP produced complete inhibition which remained for 3 weeks at 0.1 mg P/kg. The dose-response curves were identical when the compound was given on the first day of retinoid administration (day 0) or 6 days earlier. With 2-PEBP, the dose-response curve was the same as that for AHBuBP when given on day 0. When given 6 days earlier, the curve was shifted to 30 times less potency. Cl2MBP was about 100 times less potent than AHBuBP when given on day 0, with 3 mg P/kg producing complete inhibition. When given 6 days earlier, the curve was also shifted to 10 times less potency, and even 30 mg P/kg failed to produce complete inhibition. With 10 mg P/kg, the inhibitory effect was maintained partially for up to 3 weeks. This study shows that in this model of bone resorption the inhibitory effect of a single dose of certain Bps is effective for at least 3 weeks and that the compounds vary in their activity over time. PMID- 3145798 TI - Kinetic factors influencing the dissolution behavior of calcium oxalate renal stones: a constant composition study. AB - A constant composition method has been used to examine the dissolution kinetics of calcium oxalate renal stones over a wide range of undersaturation in vitro. Demineralization experiments have been carried out with the concentrations of calcium and oxalate ions and ionic strength (hence the solution undersaturation) held constant by the potentiometrically controlled addition of medium electrolyte solution as diluent, triggered by a calcium ion electrode. Kinetic data for renal stones have been compared with results obtained for synthetic calcium oxalate. In addition, constant composition results have been directly compared with results obtained using conventional dissolution methods for both calculi and synthetic calcium oxalate. Overall, calcium oxalate renal stones exhibited markedly different kinetic dissolution behavior as compared with synthetic controls. The renal stone samples dissolved more slowly at all undersaturations, exhibited increased kinetic orders of reaction, and showed reduced sensitivity to solution hydrodynamics. Stones composed of mixed hydrates of calcium oxalate (mono- and di ) came to dihydrate equilibrium in conventional experiments and underwent net dissolution in solutions supersaturated to monohydrate under constant composition conditions. No conversion of di- to monohydrate was observed under these experimental conditions. These results indicate that stone dissolution is strongly influenced by adsorbed inhibitors, presumably including matrix components, which may complicate efforts to develop systemic and/or irrigation measures effective for in situ solubilization. PMID- 3145797 TI - Effect of gallium on bone mineral properties. AB - Gallium nitrate is biologically active in blocking bone resorption in vitro as well as in vivo. Administration of gallium nitrate to growing rats results in a dose-dependent accumulation of low levels of gallium in bone that is associated with specific changes in the mineral properties of bone. To elucidate in greater detail the changes induced by gallium, the properties of whole and density fractionated bone samples from control and gallium-treated rats were examined. These studies showed that short-term treatment with gallium nitrate caused an increase in bone calcium and phosphate content. Devitalized bone powder from the gallium-treated rats was less soluble in acetate buffer and less readily resorbed by monocytes. Density fractionation analyses demonstrated that the largest proportion (76% by weight) of powdered metaphyseal bone particles from rats had a density of less than 2.15 g/cc. Following short-term treatment (14 days) with gallium nitrate (45 mg/kg body weight), a significant increase in the relative proportion of more dense bone (greater than or equal to 2.15 g/cc) was observed (24% for the control vs. 39% for the gallium-treated rats, P less than 0.01). In the diaphyseal samples, the largest proportion (88% by weight) of the bone powder had a density of greater than or equal to 2.15 g/cc. After short-term treatment with gallium, a slight decrease in mean diaphyseal particle density was observed. Measurement of calcium accretion with 45Ca in the gallium-treated rats demonstrated increased specific activity in the metaphyseal bone samples, densities = 2.0, 2.1, 2.15, and 2.25 g/cc; the difference was significant only for the 2.25 g/cc fraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145799 TI - Growth hormone depresses ethylmorphine demethylase activity: correlation with decreased levels of fast-turnover cytochrome P-450 in hypophysectomized female rats. AB - The hepatic monooxygenase system was studied in hypophysectomized female rats infused for 5 days with ovine growth hormone (GH). At 7.5 micrograms.h-1 GH decreased the total cytochrome P-450 by 16%; at 10 micrograms.h-1 it reduced both cytochrome P-450 (31%) and the activity of ethylmorphine demethylase (31%). GH did not alter the activities of NADPH cytochrome c reductase or aniline hydroxylase. The lower GH dose decreased the amount of fast- and slow-turnover P 450 by 11 and 38%, respectively, while the higher dose decreased both by 49%. The loss of demethylase activity therefore correlates with the loss of fast-turnover P-450. This component is relatively more abundant in the female (fast: slow turnover of 4.3) than the male (fast:slow turnover of 2.5). GH did not affect the half-lives of the P-450 components, suggesting that it decreases their synthesis. The P-450 concentration in microsomes from GH-treated animals did not increase after incubation with hemin, suggesting that in vivo the hormone does not lower P 450 synthesis via depression of heme. Puromycin mimicked the effect of GH and when given with the hormone their effects on the P-450 levels were multiplicative (p less than 0.05), suggesting different modes of action and that GH does not decrease P-450 by acting at translation. PMID- 3145800 TI - Effect of calcium ionophore A23187 on pregnenolone metabolism to progesterone in rat granulosa cells. AB - The effect of calcium ionophore A23187 on the metabolism of pregnenolone to progesterone was examined in rat granulosa cells during a 24-h culture period. Granulosa cells harvested from pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin treated immature rats were incubated in the presence and absence of the divalent cation ionophore A23187. The ionophore induced progesterone synthesis from both endogenous sterol substrate and exogenous pregnenolone in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Pregnenolone metabolism was examined in the presence of aminoglutethimide phosphate, an inhibitor of endogenous pregnenolone production. Steroid secretion resulting from metabolism of endogenous substrate was more sensitive to A23187 in that a lower concentration of the ionophore was required to induce a significant increase than that noted for exogenous pregnenolone metabolism. In addition, progesterone production from endogenous sterol occurred 6 h earlier than the observed increase in the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone. These results indicate that A23187 and therefore possibly enhanced calcium influx may play a significant role in the regulation of pregnenolone metabolism in granulosa cells depending on the duration of incubation. The earlier steroidogenic response from endogenous substrate may be a reflection of an acute effect of A23187 on certain steroidogenic steps proximal to pregnenolone production. PMID- 3145801 TI - Testosterone treatment of an XXYY male presenting with aggression: a case report. AB - A hypogonadal male with 48 XXYY Karyotype--a rare Klinefelter's syndrome variant- is presented with review of the literature. Cautious initiation of testosterone replacement therapy to our patient was associated with sexual maturation and, interestingly enough, disappearance of his longstanding aggressive fantasies and behaviors towards females. An explanatory hypothesis is proposed and clues for early detection of the syndrome are suggested. PMID- 3145802 TI - Multiple coronary artery-left ventricular fistulas: a pattern of anomalous coronary microvascularization. AB - Fistulas between the coronary artery and the left heart chambers are exceptionally rare, especially those emptying into the left ventricle. We know of 33 cases of coronary artery-left ventricular fistulas reported in the literature, 7 of which had multiple communications. The findings in 6 additional patients with multiple coronary artery-left ventricular fistulas are reported. Three of the 6 patients from all three major coronary arteries. It is important to recognize this anomaly as it may be the source of angina in patients without angiographic evidence of major atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. PMID- 3145804 TI - Focal occlusion of the rabbit carotid artery by endovascular laser therapy. AB - Laser energy was fiberoptically transmitted into the carotid artery of a series of rabbits to induce an acute focal arterial occlusion. Temporary interruption of blood flow during the treatment was necessary to achieve an occlusion. The arterial occlusive effects of three wavebands of laser energy were compared and the violet band proved the most effective when using 0.3-0.5 Joules/second for 25 30 seconds. There was always the risk of vascular perforation during treatment when laser energy emission was from a bare-tipped optical fiber. PMID- 3145803 TI - MR appearance of an arteriovenous hemangioma of the interventricular septum. AB - This paper presents an arteriovenous hemangioma of the interventricular septum in a patient with symptoms of ischemic heart disease. The MR, two-dimensional echocardiographic and selective left coronary arteriographic characteristics of the lesion are described. PMID- 3145805 TI - Agenesis of the left internal carotid artery associated with coarctation of the aorta: report on an unusual case. AB - An unusual association of agenesis of the left internal carotid artery and coarctation of the aorta is reported. There was also an aneurysm of the thoracic aorta distal to the coarctation. The subclavian artery was obstructed and revascularization occurred through the vertebral artery via anastomoses with the occipital artery. An embryological hypothesis for this association is proposed. PMID- 3145806 TI - Preoperative evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysm by MR imaging with aortography correlation. AB - Sonography, computed tomography, and most recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been advocated as noninvasive imaging methods for the preoperative evaluation of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). We prospectively assessed the value of MRI in this clinical setting. Twenty of 23 patients with AAA referred for evaluation with biplane aortography underwent MRI within 3 days of aortography. MR and angiographic studies were interpreted prospectively and independently and then the results were compared with each other and with the operative findings. All angiographically demonstrated infrarenal and suprarenal aneurysms except one were documented as such by MRI. The distal extent of the aneurysm on MRI agreed with that on angiography in all but 3 cases. MRI is an accurate method for assessing the size and extent of AAA and its relationship to the main renal artery origins. MRI is not accurate in detecting vascular obstructions or accessory renal arteries. Therefore, the usefulness of MRI and the need for aortography in preoperative assessment of AAA depends upon the specific information the surgeon requires prior to aneurysmectomy in a given patient. PMID- 3145808 TI - Postnephrectomy arteriovenous fistula of the renal pedicle treated with detachable balloons: a case report. AB - A case of postnephrectomy arteriovenous fistula of the right renal pedicle is reported here. The diagnosis was confirmed by angiography, and successful treatment was achieved using detachable balloon. PMID- 3145807 TI - Computerized tomography in the investigation of groin masses following femoral catheterization. AB - Pseudoaneurysm of the femoral artery is an uncommon complication of retrograde arteriography. It is sometimes difficult to clinically differentiate a pseudoaneurysm from a large hematoma. We present 13 cases of suspected femoral pseudoaneurysm following angiography which were investigated by computed tomography (CT). It is suggested that this is a useful procedure in the investigation of groin masses after catheterization. PMID- 3145809 TI - Superselective embolization for renal hemorrhage with a new coaxial catheter and steerable guidewire. AB - We utilized a new commercially available 2.2 French coaxial catheter and steerable guidewire to superselectively catheterize and embolize a small renal artery branch to abolish hemorrhage which was a complication of percutaneous nephrostomy. Because of the superselective technique and small caliber of the vessel occluded, there was no demonstrable loss of global renal function or evidence of significant cortical infarction by laboratory and radionuclide scintigraphic studies. PMID- 3145810 TI - In vitro evaluation of caval filters. AB - This experiment demonstrated the clottrapping ability of two commercially available filters, the Mobin-Uddin and Greenfield, and three experimental filters developed by Amplatz, Gunther, and Gianturco. Each filter was tested in a polyethylene tube simulating the inferior vena cava. Separate series of 10 clots, each 3 cm long and 6 mm or 9.2 mm in diameter, were exposed to the test filter. The Mobin-Uddin and Amplatz filters failed by overload: acutely elevated pressures forced clots outside the skirt of the former, and between the limbs of the latter. The Gunther filter trapped all incident clots, but migrated downstream when occluded by clot. The Greenfield filter passed clots at normal pressures between its widely spaced legs. The Gianturco (bird's nest) passed clots at normal pressures as well. While filters performed suboptimally, strengthening the anchoring struts of the Gunther filter would result in a secure, effective filter. PMID- 3145811 TI - A new technique for introduction of large instruments into the vascular system. AB - A new introducer system for large devices is described, which is easily manufactured from commonly available materials in a hospital environment. PMID- 3145812 TI - Use of a double-needle technique for safer entry into an abdominal abscess. AB - Where a potentially hazardous approach for drainage of an intra-abdominal abscess or fluid collection is unavoidable, the double-needle puncture technique described here can prevent inadvertent penetration of bowel. PMID- 3145813 TI - Percutaneous cholecystectomy in the human: a technical note. AB - A new procedure--percutaneous ablation of the gallbladder--is reported in 2 patients. In this technique, ethanol is injected into the gallbladder and bucrylate is injected into the cystic duct to produce necrosis of the gallbladder. PMID- 3145814 TI - Engineering thermostability in subtilisin BPN' by in vitro mutagenesis. AB - A procedure has been developed for the isolation and identification of mutants of the bacterial serine protease, subtilisin, which exhibit enhanced thermostability. The cloned subtilisin BPN' gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was treated with a variety of chemical mutagens to introduce random mutations in the coding sequence. Strains containing the cloned, mutagenized subtilisin gene which produced subtilisin with enhanced thermostability were selected by a simple plate assay procedure, which screens for esterase activity on nitrocellulose filters after preincubation at elevated temperatures. The identification and characterization of eight different stabilizing mutations are described. Several mutants containing various combinations of these stabilizing mutations were constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. Combining independent, stabilizing mutations in the same subtilisin molecule has resulted in an approximate multiplicative decrease in the rate of thermal inactivation. In this way, a variant of subtilisin has been constructed which is about 12-fold more stable than wild-type subtilisin, with no radical changes in the tertiary protein structure but rather minor, independent alterations in amino acid sequence. The ultimate goal in these studies is to be able to accurately predict where stabilizing changes can be made in a protein. PMID- 3145815 TI - The 5'-upstream region of the yeast 25S rRNA gene contains a promoter element allowing expression in yeast and E. coli. AB - The 25S rRNA gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is preceded by a bona fide TATA sequence which allows the initiation of transcription--presumably by polymerase II--from the same strand as the 25S rRNA gene. When the promoter fragment is cloned in front of a lacZ gene equipped with an initiation codon but lacking a promoter, this element permits formation of beta-galactosidase both in yeast and E. coli. Using RNA from yeast transformed with the fusion plasmid, we mapped by primer elongation a single initiation site 63 bp downstream from the presumed TATA sequence, i.e. about 53 bp 5' of the 25S rRNA gene. A similar signal at about the same position was observed when RNA from untransformed wild-type yeast was used as a template for primer elongation. These results suggest that transcription from this polymerase II promoter-like element occurs in vivo. A regulatory function could not be assigned to this transcript. Its initiation is not significantly influenced by heme or carbon source, although two boxes of high homology with upstream activation sequences (UAS) mediating heme dependent expression of the iso-1-cytochrome c gene (CYC1) precede the promoter at the appropriate distance. PMID- 3145817 TI - Study on the mechanism of interference of 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl with the plasma retinol-binding proteins in rodents. AB - The mechanism of plasma retinol reduction in rodents by 3,4,3',4' tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) was investigated by radioimmunochemical analysis of the amounts of circulating and hepatic retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) in exposed and control animals. Plasma RBP concentrations were markedly reduced in C57BL/Rij mice (50%) at 4 days, in DBA/2 mice (37-41%) at 4 and 8 days, and in Sprague-Dawley rats (58%) at 2 days after exposure to TCB. These reductions paralleled the time course of reduction of plasma retinol after exposure to TCB. Hepatic RBP concentrations were somewhat increased in TCB treated animals, especially in the C57BL/Rij mouse and Sprague-Dawley rat. However, the release of hepatic RBP into the circulation was not blocked by TCB treatment, as analysed in vitamin A deficient rats. In addition, the amount of plasma TTR was in the normal range in TCB-treated rats. The dissociation constants of the RBP-TTR complex as analysed by polarization of fluorescence appeared to be significantly increased (from 0.5 x 10(-7) M-1 to 2.4 x 10(-7) M 1) in the presence of a TCB metabolite, isolated from plasma of TCB-treated rats. In addition, the estimated number of binding sites for RBP on the TTR molecule was reduced (from 2.8 to 1.7 sites) upon treatment of TTR with the TCB metabolite. These data support the hypothesis that plasma retinol reduction by TCB might result from a weakening of the RBP-TTR complex, in the presence of the TCB metabolite bound to the TTR. PMID- 3145816 TI - The MAL63 gene of Saccharomyces encodes a cysteine-zinc finger protein. AB - Inducible maltose fermentation by Saccharomyces carlesbergensis requires the product of the MAL63 gene of the MAL6 locus. It has been suggested that this gene product is an activator protein controlling the expression of the structural genes encoding the maltose fermentative enzymes perhaps by binding to DNA sequences upstream of these genes. We report the sequence of the MAL63 gene. A single open reading frame is seen capable of encoding a protein of 470 amino acid residues. The deduced sequence of this protein indicates that it is a cysteine zinc finger protein supporting the hypothesis that the MAL63 gene product is a DNA binding protein. PMID- 3145819 TI - Reversible reproductive dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea. AB - A central, reversible decrease in male sexual function appears related to some aspect of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Lower serum testosterone (T) levels were documented in 15 men with OSA versus nine snorers (no OSA), (9.18 +/- 0.92 vs 11.55 +/- 0.90 nmol/l, mean +/- SEM), P less than 0.05 in a consecutive case series of 24 men referred for diagnostic overnight sleep studies. Gonadotrophins did not differ between the two groups. Although the men with OSA did not differ in body mass index (BMI) or weight from the snorers, they were older (51 +/- 3.9 vs 44 +/- 3.1 years), P less than 0.02. Serum T did not correlate with age, but was correlated with minimum nocturnal arterial oxygen saturation (Min SaO2) (r = 0.589), P less than 0.02. A prospective controlled trial of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty therapy (UPP) for OSA in 12 subsequent subjects showed reproductive improvement which was parallel with improved apnoea at 3 months postsurgery. T increased (13.31 +/- 1.07 to 16.59 +/- 0.72 nmol/l), P less than 0.02, without significant changes in BMI, serum PRL, LH or FSH. All seven of the men who reported decreased sexual interest prior to surgery felt their libido and sexual functioning had returned to normal 3 months following UPP. Some aspect of OSA in men appears to produce a reversible hypothalamic-pituitary reproductive dysfunction. PMID- 3145818 TI - Interaction of lysinoalanine with the protein synthesizing apparatus. AB - Lysinoalanine [N epsilon-(DL-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-L-lysine; LAL], a nephrotoxic lysine analog, inhibits the lysyl-tRNA-synthetase (EC 6.1.1.6) of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells competitively at micromolar concentrations. Incorporation of [14C]lysine into protein by a cell-free eukaryotic protein synthesizing system was inhibited by LAL. Inhibition was 69.7% and 18.4% at LAL concentrations of 1.0 mM and 0.1 mM, respectively. LAL was incorporated into protein as well as being an inhibitor as indicated by the incorporation of [14C]LAL into protein by the cell-free eukaryote protein-synthesizing system. The proteins labeled with [14C]LAL co-electrophoresed with those labeled with [14C]lysine. These results indicate that LAL is an inhibitor of both prokaryote and eukaryote lysyl-tRNA-synthetase. Furthermore, it is incorporated into protein. Both of these actions can be factors in the nephrotoxicity of this common food contaminant. Possible mechanisms for the toxicity of lysinoalanine are discussed. PMID- 3145821 TI - Plummer's disease. PMID- 3145820 TI - Growth hormone (GH) responses to arginine and L-dopa alone and after GHRH pretreatment. AB - In order to investigate the mechanisms by which arginine and L-dopa cause GH release in humans we measured the GH response to GHRH 1-44 (200 micrograms i.v.), arginine (30 g i.v. over 30 min) and L-dopa (500 mg orally) administered alone and 120 minutes following pretreatment with GHRH 1-44 (200 micrograms i.v.) in normal male subjects. Prior GHRH administration abolished the GH response to subsequent GHRH. Arginine infusion induced a rise in GH levels maximal at 45 min. Following GHRH pretreatment the GH response to arginine was enhanced, with peak values of 19.3 +/- 6.4 vs 53.3 +/- 16.5 mU/l (mean +/- SEM) respectively (P less than 0.02). L-dopa alone induced a rise in GH levels maximal at 90 min (17.6 +/- 7.4 mU/l, mean +/- SEM) but this rise was abolished by pretreatment with GHRH. PMID- 3145822 TI - Decrease of urine creatinine in vitro in spinal cord injury patients. AB - Freshly voided urine from 3 spinal cord injury (SCI) patients showed a progressive decline in creatinine concentration over 2 weeks while maintained in the refrigerator. Urine creatinine concentration remained stable in normals, patients with kidney disease and 9 other SCI patients. Mixtures of affected and normal urine showed a progressive decline in creatinine. Boiling or filtering prevented the decline while light centrifugation enhanced the decrease in the sediment but minimized it in the supernatant. Streptococcus fecalis was cultured from all 3 patients' urine, and produced a dramatic fall in creatinine concentration on incubation in broth with creatinine, as well as when added to normal urine. In the refrigerator, however, S. fecalis added to broth with creatinine, as well as to urine did not produce significant fall in creatinine concentration. Thus in certain SCI patients creatinine concentration decreases even when freshly obtained urine is maintained in the refrigerator. The cause of the fall in creatinine may relate to the presence of S. fecalis. PMID- 3145823 TI - [A case of visual seizure suspected of mirror-focus generation]. PMID- 3145824 TI - [Concentration of the alpha subunit of GTP-binding protein G0 in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurological disorders]. PMID- 3145825 TI - [Electrophysiological study of respiratory function in various types of muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 3145826 TI - [Alteration of CBF and CMRO2 and TRH effects on CBF in spinocerebellar degeneration. The positron emission tomography study]. PMID- 3145827 TI - Pregnancies following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer and following gamete intrafallopian transfer. PMID- 3145828 TI - Cementless fixation of pearl-surfaced hip endoprosthesis. Experimental study and preliminary clinical application. PMID- 3145829 TI - Visuospatial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3145830 TI - Acute hemodynamic effect and mechanism of nifedipine on severe congestive heart failure. PMID- 3145831 TI - Intussusception-like artificial perineal anus after Miles' radical surgery. PMID- 3145832 TI - Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus with early pregnancy. PMID- 3145833 TI - Passive acupuncture points as a physical and physiologic indicator of homeostasis. PMID- 3145834 TI - Mutagenicity and teratogenicity of chlorpromazine and scopolamine. PMID- 3145835 TI - Plasmid DNA survey of clinically isolated Shigella strains in Shanghai area. PMID- 3145837 TI - Effects of bisulfite and sulfite on Fc and Con A receptors of rat pulmonary macrophages. PMID- 3145836 TI - Determination of fibrinopeptide A by high performance liquid chromatography and its significance. PMID- 3145838 TI - Effect of comprehensive management on stroke prevention. PMID- 3145839 TI - Sudden high fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, and respiratory exhaustion during complete remission of acute lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3145840 TI - Smoking--a serious health problem in China. PMID- 3145841 TI - Observation of antipenicillin antibody. PMID- 3145842 TI - Evaluation of three skin tests in physical urticaria. PMID- 3145843 TI - [The technic of combined heart-lung-transplantation]. PMID- 3145844 TI - [A new protocol of intestinal transplantation in children. A study of the first two trials]. PMID- 3145845 TI - [Harmfulness and prevention of fulminating hypoxia]. PMID- 3145846 TI - [141Ce tracer study concerning the effect of washing procedures on analysis of hair rare earth elements]. PMID- 3145847 TI - Patient acceptance: it's a team effort. PMID- 3145848 TI - Change: meeting the challenge. PMID- 3145849 TI - Computers: yours to enjoy. PMID- 3145850 TI - Dental consent: is care a child's choice? PMID- 3145851 TI - Correlation of in vitro activities of the fluoroquinolones to their in vivo efficacies. AB - The new fluoroquinolones have activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In order to differentiate between the compounds, the authors have compared their in vitro activities and correlated these results with their in vivo efficacies. Norfloxacin (N), pefloxacin (P), enoxacin (E), ofloxacin (O), difloxacin (D), ciprofloxacin (C), fleroxacin (F), A-61827 (A), temafloxacin (T) and lomefloxacin (L) were used in these studies. In vitro, C was the most active compound against Gram-negative aerobic bacteria and A was the most active compound against Gram-positive cocci and anaerobic bacteria. In mouse protection tests, C, D, A, O, T and F had similar activities against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. D, T and A were the most active quinolones against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes and Strep. pneumoniae in mouse protection tests. D was the most active agent against intracellular infection with Salmonella typhimurium, followed by O, T, A and F. The other compounds were ineffective in this test. All the quinolones were effective in treating E. coli pyelonephritis in mice. The doses required to treat P. aeruginosa pyelonephritis in mice were four times greater than those required to treat E. coli. Resistant P. aeruginosa mutants could be isolated from the kidneys after quinolone treatment. Systemic infections with E. coli, Staph. aureus and P. aeruginosa in neutropenic mice required high doses of the fluoroquinolones and F, T and A were ineffective at doses of 100 mg/kg against P. aeruginosa in this model. Differences in in vitro potencies were not reflected in in vivo efficacies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145852 TI - Laboratory isolation of Mycobacteria tuberculosis in Kenya. PMID- 3145853 TI - Schistosoma mansoni and other intestinal parasites in the Blue Nile Valley of Western Ethiopia. PMID- 3145854 TI - Contribution of granulocytes and monocytes to resistance against experimental disseminated Candida albicans infection. AB - The aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of granulocytes and monocytes to resistance against an acute systemic candidal infection in mice. To this end granulocytopenia and monocytopenia were induced by irradiation or treatment with cyclophosphamide, and monocytopenia was obtained by treatment with VP-16. After intravenous injection of 1 X 10(4) Candida albicans into mice irradiated with 8 GY, the number of Candida albicans cultured from the kidneys, expressed as the geometric mean of the number of CFU/g tissue, was 5.4 X 10(4), 7.1 X 10(6) and 5.8 X 10(7) on days 1, 3 and 5 of infection respectively (p less than 0.001 compared to normal mice). The number of Candida albicans cultured from the liver and spleen was also significantly higher for irradiated animals than for normal mice (p less than 0.001). For cyclophosphamide-treated mice the number of organisms in the kidney (1.7 X 10(4) CFU/g on day 1, 1.9 X 10(6) on day 3 and 3.8 X 10(6) on day 5 of infection) and spleen was significantly higher (p at least less than 0.02) than for normal mice after injection of 1 X 10(3) Candida albicans. Monocytopenia induced by VP-16 did not result in an increase in the number of Candida albicans cultured from the kidney or spleen after infection. From these studies it is concluded that granulocytes and not monocytes or exudate macrophages play an important role in resistance against Candida albicans during the first five days of a systemic infection. PMID- 3145855 TI - Value of surveillance cultures in the management of neutropenic patients. AB - To assess whether bacteriological surveillance cultures can be used to predict infection in neutropenic patients, cultures were performed during the period of neutropenia of nose, throat and urine specimens collected once weekly and faeces specimens collected twice weekly. Seventy-six consecutively observed patients undergoing chemotherapy for haematological or non-haematological diseases were investigated. Severe infection including septicaemia, lower respiratory tract infection, anorectal lesion and urinary tract infection occurred in 32 patients. Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the organisms most commonly involved. In the majority of cases of septicaemia the organisms were isolated from the faeces, often in pure culture, prior to the onset of septicaemia. Most of the isolates of Enterobacter cloacae were resistant to the empiric antibiotic therapy used in the unit and were able to colonise multiple sites, presumably increasing the risk of subsequent infection. Faecal culture is the most useful approach in bacteriological surveillance in neutropenic patients. PMID- 3145856 TI - Prospective evaluation of the Gen-Probe assay for detection of legionellae in respiratory specimens. AB - A prospective evaluation of a DNA probe assay for detection of Legionella species was performed on 427 consecutive respiratory specimens submitted over an 18-month period. The Gen-Probe assay utilizing both low (greater than or equal to 4.0) and high (greater than 7.0) ratio threshold values was compared to direct fluorescent antibody staining (DFA) as a predictor of isolation of Legionella on culture. The highest sensitivity (63%) was obtained with the lower threshold ratio, but was not significantly different from the result obtained with a threshold ratio of greater than 7.0 (50%, p = 0.722) or DFA results (44%, p = 0.479). The specificity of the DNA probe assay was improved with the high threshold (99%) compared either to the low threshold ratio (95%, p = 0.002) or DFA (97%, p = 0.055). When the DNA probe was compared to DFA and/or Legionella isolation on culture, a significantly lower specificity (97% versus 99%, p = 0.0006) and higher sensitivity (74% versus 37%, p = 0.013) was obtained with a threshold value of greater than or equal to 4.0 than greater than 7.0. Ten of 20 specimens with a DNA probe ratio between 4.0 and 7.0 were DFA positive, although only two were isolated on culture. The DFA assay and both probe threshold ratios have a high negative predictive value when compared to culture. However, only the threshold ratio of greater than 7.0 has a sufficiently high positive predictive value to be useful alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145858 TI - Comparison of four commercial microdilution systems for susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria. AB - The reliability of four commercially available broth microdilution systems (ATB ANA, MHK-Anaerob-Biotest, Dynatech MIC system, Sceptor Anaerobe MIC system) for routine susceptibility testing was evaluated using agar dilution and broth macrodilution as reference methods. Using the categories "susceptible", "moderately susceptible" and "resistant", the rate of essential agreement (complete agreement plus minor errors) of all four systems compared to the two reference methods was satisfactory, ranging from 93% (Dynatech system and agar dilution) to 98% (Sceptor system and agar dilution). The rate of complete agreement compared to the agar dilution and broth dilution method respectively was 61% and 60% for the MHK-Anaerob-Biotest, 65% and 63% for the Dynatech system, 72% and 72% for ATB ANA, and 85% and 80% for the Sceptor system. The Sceptor system was thus superior to the other systems. The systems were easy to operate and inoculate, although arrangement of antimicrobial agents in the Dynatech panels was apt to be confusing. PMID- 3145857 TI - Mouse model for evaluation of antibiotic treatment of acute and chronic infections. AB - A thread model is presented which enables the simultaneous evaluation of bactericidal rate and antibiotic concentration at the site of infection in mice. Ampicillin and netilmicin were tested against both gram-positive and gram negative bacteria. With the doses tested there was substantial drug penetration into the site of infection immediately after initiation of infection (day 0), whereas the drug penetration on days 2 and 6 of infection was delayed and reduced. On day 0 of infection there was significant bactericidal effect, but little or no effect could be demonstrated on days 2 and 6 of infection, even though drug concentrations close to the MBC values for several drug/bacteria combinations were reached. The model reflects the treatment situations for the acute and the chronic infection and may be of help in evaluating the efficacy of the drug at the site of infection. PMID- 3145859 TI - Serum antibody response to filamentous hemagglutinin in patients with clinical pertussis measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - Titers of antibodies to filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in acute and convalescent phase serum samples from 158 patients with clinical symptoms typical of whooping-cough. In 96 of the patients the diagnosis was verified by culture. Significant changes in serum levels of IgG, IgM and/or IgA antibodies against FHA were demonstrated in 126 patients (80%). Thus, demonstration of significant changes in FHA antibody titers in serum can be used for serological diagnosis of pertussis. The results also show that high levels of IgG, IgM and/or IgA antibodies in a single serum sample suggest current pertussis infection, but if the diagnosis is based on determinations of FHA antibody titers in a single serum sample the sensitivity is low. The levels of antibody to FHA were compared with previously determined levels of antibodies to pertussis toxin. A significant antibody response against both FHA and pertussis toxin was seen in 111 patients (70%) while 147 patients (93%) developed a significant increase in antibodies against one or both antigens. PMID- 3145860 TI - Comparative evaluation of RapID ANA and API 20 A for identification of anaerobic bacteria. AB - This study evaluated RapID ANA and API 20 A systems for identification of anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria isolated from oral and non oral infections using standard reference methods. A total of 480 isolates were tested in both systems. The RapID ANA system correctly identified 74% of the strains to species level and 17.5% to genus level; 5% were misidentified. The API 20 A system correctly identified 50% of the strains to species level and 24.5% to genus level; 8% were misidentified and 17.5% could not be identified by the API 20 A system. PMID- 3145861 TI - Emergence of bacterial resistance to cefamandole in vivo due to outer membrane protein deficiency. AB - Cefamandole therapy in a patient with suppurative thrombophlebitis failed due to selection of a resistant variant of the causative organism Klebsiella pneumoniae. Analysis of the resistance mechanism revealed that in the resistant variant one of the major outer membrane proteins, OmpF, was missing. Resistance of this type has implications for therapy with other antibiotics including non-beta-lactam antibiotics. This report demonstrates the role of outer membrane permeation in the emergence of bacterial resistance during antibiotic therapy. PMID- 3145862 TI - Synergistic effect of dosage and bacterial inoculum in TEM-1 mediated antibiotic resistance. AB - The effect of inoculum size and gene dosage on the level of antibiotic resistance mediated by TEM-1 beta-lactamase was measured. From the results it seemed that gene dosage is a more efficient mechanism than inoculum size for increasing TEM-1 mediated resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. It also seemed that the two mechanisms for enhancing antibiotic resistance are synergistic. The clinical implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 3145863 TI - Dissemination in five French hospitals of Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype K25 harbouring a new transferable enzymatic resistance to third generation cephalosporins and aztreonam. AB - A strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae K25 resistant to newer beta-lactam drugs was isolated in clusters in five hospitals in the Paris area. The MICs of ceftazidime and aztreonam (greater than or equal to 128 mg/l) were higher than that of cefotaxime (16 mg/l) for the strain but, when measured in the presence of clavulanic acid, they were less than or equal to 1 mg/l. The donor strains and derivatives produced a beta-lactamase with a pI of 7.75-7.8 and hydrolysing activity against a wide spectrum of beta-lactams similar to that of SHV-2 and SHV 3, but with significant hydrolysis of ceftazidime. This new enzyme could be designated SHV-4. PMID- 3145864 TI - Nosocomial bacteremia caused by Bacillus species. AB - During a six year period, 11 cases of bacteremia caused by Bacillus spp. were observed corresponding to 1% of all bacteremic episodes in our hospital. Most patients had cancer as underlying disease. All cases of positive blood cultures were associated with a clinical syndrome compatible with sepsis including high fever. None of the subsequent deaths could be related to the bacteremia caused by Bacillus spp. Four of eight cases of Bacillus subtilis bacteremia were associated with the absorption of an oral preparation containing Bacillus subtilis spores, which was administered empirically in some units of the hospital to reduce what was considered to be tube-feeding related diarrhea. PMID- 3145865 TI - High prevalence of tuberculosis in AIDS patients in Spain. AB - A total of 67 cases of tuberculosis was diagnosed in the first 100 cases of AIDS, diagnosed according to the former CDC criteria, at a hospital in Madrid, Spain. This is the highest known prevalence of tuberculosis in AIDS patients both within and outside Spain. The clinical manifestations of tuberculosis were very variable and atypical. The rate of isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from blood was particularly high: of 25 patients in whom blood cultures were performed, 16 were positive. In a third of the patients with proven mycobacteremia, blood was the first or the only positive specimen. In general, therapy resulted in rapid clinical improvement, but in some cases mycobacteria were isolated from clinical or necroscopy specimens months after what was considered adequate therapy. PMID- 3145866 TI - Serological study of meningococcal isolates in Switzerland and France 1980-1986. AB - A study was performed of 342 disease-related strains of meningococci isolated in Switzerland and France between 1980 and 1986, including more than 50% of all strains isolated in Switzerland in 1986. Using a newly developed spot-blot enzyme linked immunoassay and a panel of monoclonal anti-meningococcal antibodies, 96% of all strains were shown to react with at least one antibody. In both countries more than 50% of the strains were group B. In France serotype 2a was the prevalent serotype and was often associated with subtype P1.2. In Switzerland serological markers of epidemic strains recently described in Northern Europe (serotype 15 and subtype P1.16) were observed with increasing frequency in 1986. However, serotype 4 has been prevalent in Switzerland since 1980 and no clonal population was seen to emerge. PMID- 3145867 TI - Efficacy of the enteric pathogen screen card in the presumptive identification of Salmonella enteritidis. AB - The efficacy of the Enteric Pathogen Screen (EPS) card as a rapid method for identification of Salmonella spp. isolated in stool cultures was studied. Of the 120 lactose-negative, sucrose-negative, H2S-producing colonies tested, 74 were identified as Salmonella enteritidis by conventional methods. The reading of the EPS card after 2 h of incubation yielded a sensitivity of 47.2% and a specificity and positive predictive value of 100%, with a negative predictive value of 54.1%. In the final reading of 4 h, a sensitivity of 97.2% and a specificity of 86.9% were obtained, with a positive predictive value of 92.3% and a negative predictive value of 95.2%. PMID- 3145868 TI - In vitro activity of FCE 22101, imipenem, and ceftazidime against over 6,000 bacterial isolates and MIC quality control limits of FCE 22101. AB - Six geographically separate laboratories within the USA tested 6,198 bacterial isolates against FCE 22101 (a penem), imipenem (a carbapenem) and ceftazidime (a third-generation cephalosporin). Ninety-three percent of 2,749 Enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by FCE 22101, while 95% were susceptible to ceftazidime and 99% were susceptible to imipenem. FCE 22101 had little activity against Pseudomonas spp. but was active against most gram-positive pathogens, including enterococci. FCE 22101 MICs for standard quality control strains were defined as 0.5-2.0 micrograms/ml for Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, 2-8 micrograms/ml for Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and 0.06-0.25 microgram/ml for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. PMID- 3145869 TI - Ceftibuten (7432-S, SCH 39720): comparative antimicrobial activity against 4735 clinical isolates, beta-lactamase stability and broth microdilution quality control guidelines. AB - The antimicrobial activity of ceftibuten, a new oral cephalosporin, was evaluated using 4735 clinical bacterial isolates processed at four medical centers. Ceftibuten inhibited nearly 92% of all Enterobacteriaceae (less than or equal to 8.0 micrograms/ml), thereby being markedly superior to cefixime which inhibited 78.7% at less than or equal to 1.0 microgram/ml and cefuroxime which inhibited 45.1% at less than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml. Pseudomonads and staphylococci were not within the spectrum of activity of ceftibuten. Ceftibuten was found to be very stable in the presence of five commonly occurring beta-lactamases of both the chromosomal-mediated (P99, K1) and plasmid-mediated (CARB-2, OXA-1, TEM-1) types. Only Type Ia (P99) beta-lactamase was significantly inhibited by ceftibuten. On the basis of results of a ceftibuten MIC quality control study conducted in five laboratories, a quality control range of 0.12 to 0.5 microgram/ml is recommended for the Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 strain. PMID- 3145870 TI - In vitro interaction between the penem FCE 22101 and ceftazidime. AB - FCE 22101, a penem antimicrobial agent, was found to resist hydrolysis by bacterial beta-lactamases and to have a strong affinity for Type Ia enzymes. Like imipenem, FCE 22101 was shown to be capable of inducing resistance to a wide range of beta-lactam antibiotics. FCE 22101 antagonized the in vitro activity of ceftazidime against enteric bacilli that commonly produce inducible enzymes. This penem should not be combined with other beta-lactams for chemotherapeutic purposes. PMID- 3145871 TI - In vitro activity of new antibiotics against Haemophilus influenzae. AB - The activity of sulbactam/ampicillin, aztreonam, cefetamet, cefixime, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, fleroxacin and ofloxacin was determined against 160 Haemophilus influenzae strains using a standardized microdilution method. The strains were categorized into four groups according to beta-lactamase production and their resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline and cotrimoxazole. All isolates tested, regardless of their beta-lactamase production or resistance to the above mentioned drugs, were susceptible to the nine antibiotics. The most active antimicrobial agents were aztreonam, cefixime, and the two quinolone derivatives ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. PMID- 3145873 TI - Isolation of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 from a homosexual man in Belgium. PMID- 3145872 TI - Absence of antibodies to HTLV-I/II in French patients with hematological malignancies. PMID- 3145874 TI - Isolation of Flavobacterium thalpophilum from a wound. PMID- 3145876 TI - Esterase iso-enzyme electrophoresis for epidemiological surveillance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa hospital infections. PMID- 3145875 TI - In vitro evaluation of ramoplanin (MDL 62198, A 16686) PMID- 3145877 TI - Enhancement of yield of Chlamydia trachomatis Hela 229 cell culture. PMID- 3145878 TI - The effect of gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogue on height prognosis in growth hormone deficiency and normal puberty. AB - We have treated seven pubertal children, five (three female, two male) with growth hormone deficiency and two (one female, one male) with constitutional short stature with intranasal (D-Serine6) gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue (Buserelin) for a mean of 0.84 years (range, 0.5-1.3). Treatment was successful in arresting pubertal development but there was no improvement in final height prognosis. PMID- 3145880 TI - Immunoglobulin deficiency with increased immunoglobulin M in three siblings: effect of long-term immunoglobulin therapy. AB - Diagnosis of immunoglobulin deficiency with increased IgM (hyper-IgM syndrome) was made in three siblings (two girls and a boy) on the basis of history, physical findings, and laboratory data. The prominent clinical findings were recurrent viral and bacterial infections of the respiratory tract. The most severe infections affected the male patient, who died at the age of 8 years. Family history and the lack of clinical signs in the parents and relatives indicated no immunodeficiency which, together with the occurrence of the disease in both sexes, indicated an autosomal recessive inheritance. The two female patients (18 years old and 3 years old) have been treated with intravenous acid treated immunoglobulin for 2 years, resulting in significant clinical improvement with respect to the frequency and severity of infections. PMID- 3145879 TI - Undetectable IgG4 in immunoprecipitation: association with repeated infections in children? AB - A total of 210 patients with repeated infections were screened for IgG4 deficiency. In 30 patients (14%) IgG4 was undetectable by radial immunodiffusion (less than 30 mg/l). Of these patients 17 (57%) were less than 2 years of age. Concomitant IgA deficiency (IgA less than 0.05 g/l) was demonstrated in 11 cases (37%). IgG2 serum levels below the normal range were found in 26 children. IgG4 could be demonstrated at a concentration of 0.5-29 mg/l in all 30 patients using a more sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Although a highly selected group of patients was investigated, the percentage of individuals without detectable IgG4 by immunodiffusion was in the same range as reported in the literature for healthy control persons. It is thus concluded that IgG4 serum reference levels have to be defined using more sensitive methods and that the observed severe infections are more likely to be connected with low serum IgG2 and/or IgA levels than undetectable IgG4 as measured by immunodiffusion. PMID- 3145881 TI - Intravenous gammaglobulin in treatment of isoimmune neonatal neutropenia. AB - A neonate with isoimmune neonatal neutropenia (INN) was treated with intravenous gammaglobulin. The neutrophil count increased significantly with the therapy. Intravenous gammaglobulin is a safe and effective regimen for INN. PMID- 3145883 TI - Computed tomography in partial epilepsies in childhood. AB - The CT investigations of 156 children with partial epilepsies are analyzed. Pathological findings appeared in 39%, particularly atrophic changes and porencephalic lesions. According to the seizure type their incidence was higher in children who had secondary generalized seizures (46%) than in children with isolated partial seizures (30%) or complex partial seizures with or without secondary generalization (16%). Furthermore, pathological findings occurred more frequently in children with perinatal etiology (37%) than in familial (26%) or idiopathic cases (10%). A symptomatic epilepsy due to a cerebral tumor or a vascular lesion was found in 10%. There was a high correlation between neurodevelopmental disturbances and abnormal CT findings, however also 17 neurological normal children had pathological CT findings. PMID- 3145884 TI - Absence status following metrizamide myelography: management of nonresponders. AB - Acute confusional state following metrizamide myelography has been reported to occur in up to 2% of patients. These patients have been diagnosed as having toxic encephalopathy. Recently, various cases have been reported to have a nonconvulsive status (absence status or complex partial status) who responded well to diazepam or clonazepam therapy. However, some authors have described cases of nonresponders to anticonvulsive therapy. Failure of therapy can be dose related. For this reason, our patient was closely monitored by EEG to determine if dose adjustment was warranted, thereby achieving good results. PMID- 3145885 TI - Schistosomiasis and sarcoma of the urinary bladder. AB - A young male patient with schistosomiasis and sarcoma of the urinary bladder is presented. Total cystectomy followed by radiotherapy was performed. The gross appearance, microscopic findings of the tumor and an outline of the disease are discussed. PMID- 3145882 TI - Hyperamino-acidaemia and hyperammonaemia in epileptic children treated with valproic acid. AB - Serum amino acid pattern, blood ammonia, and serum valproic acid (VPA) levels were estimated in 75 epileptic children with and without VPA therapy. The incidence of patients with hyperammonaemia (greater than 60 mumol/l) in patients treated with only VPA or with a combination of VPA and other antiepileptic drugs was 19% and 20% respectively. Hyperammonaemia was not observed in patients receiving other drugs. Elevated levels of serum glycine, alanine and serine were more common in epileptic patients treated with VPA alone and with VPA in combination with other drugs than in patients receiving other drugs. A significant positive correlation was found between the serum levels of glycine and alanine, of glycine and serine, and of serine and alanine. These findings may indicate a mitochondrial dysfunction caused by VPA. PMID- 3145886 TI - Bone metaplasia (bone lithiasis) in a papillary transitional carcinoma of renal pelvis. AB - A case of bone stone in association with a papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis is reported. This type of lithiasis, actually representing bone metaplasia, is rare in the urinary tract and has never been reported in true epithelial urinary tumors. PMID- 3145887 TI - Role of adjuvant radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy for microscopic residual disease. AB - Radical prostatectomy and lymphadenectomy remain common therapy for stages A or B prostatic cancer. If surgical margins are positive, adjunctive radiotherapy is sometimes given. There is no clear evidence that such therapy alters the natural history of the disease. In an attempt to answer this question, we reviewed all 40 radical prostatectomy specimens seen at New York University Medical Center and Bellevue Hospital from 1977 to 1984. Twelve cases with microscopic disease at the surgical margins were found. Six of these patients received postoperative radiation and 6 observation only. In theory, microscopic residual disease following prostatectomy confers a high risk of local recurrence. Our retrospective study did not confirm this and questions the beneficial role of postoperative radiotherapy in such patients. PMID- 3145888 TI - Quantitative bone scintigraphy: usefulness in the survey of patients treated for bone metastasis of prostatic cancer. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop a quantitative bone scintigraphy (QBS) method in order to evaluate the evolution of bone metastases in patients treated for disseminated prostatic cancer. Data obtained by whole body scintigraphy after injection of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate enabled us to define three indexes, GR, R1 and R2. They respectively represent the amount of activity retained in the bones, in the metastatic sites and in pathological sites related to the global activity of the skeleton. Repeated QBSs have been performed on 59 patients with prostatic carcinoma treated for bone metastasis with hormonal therapy. Results of QBS are well correlated to clinical findings, particularly pain evolution. In addition, the calculated indexes of QBS made it possible to distinguish three groups of patients according to regression, stabilization or evolution of their lesions under hormonal therapy. QBS seems to be a sensitive and useful test for the evaluation of the therapeutic efficiency on bone metastases from prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 3145890 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder diverticulum with initial symptoms produced by metastasis to maxillary sinus. AB - A rare case of squamous cell carcinoma in the bladder diverticula of a 74-year old man with initial clinical symptoms caused by metastasis to the maxillary sinus is reported. The histopathological examination at autopsy confirmed the metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in the maxillary sinus from the bladder diverticula. The vertebral vein plexus seems responsible for this type of metastasis. PMID- 3145889 TI - Plasma urokinase-type plasminogen activator correlates to bone scintigraphy in prostatic carcinoma. AB - Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) levels in the plasma of 35 patients suffering from disseminated prostatic carcinoma have been determined. According to the grade of dissemination, found by bone scintigraphy, the patients were divided into three groups. Patients with a higher degree of dissemination revealed significantly higher levels of plasma u-PA compared to patients with a lower degree of dissemination. Therefore plasma u-PA seems to be a possible marker for progression in patients suffering from disseminated prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 3145891 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. 1. Direct detection of antigen in respiratory exudates by enzyme immunoassay. AB - Direct and indirect antigen capture enzyme immunoassays (Ag-EIA) have been developed for the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in nasopharyngeal aspirates or sputum from respiratory infection. The sensitivity of the two Ag-EIA were similar, but the indirect method using polyclonal rabbit and guinea-pig antisera was more convenient. The Ag-EIA had a detection limit of 10(4-4.5) colony-forming units/ml of sample. It was specific for M. pneumoniae and gave a low level response with M. genitalium. There were no cross-reactions with 10 other species of mycoplasmas. Tests with a wide range of bacteria and chlamydia group antigen, representing agents sometimes found in the respiratory tract, were also negative. At the current level of development, the Ag-EIA detected about 90% of specimens that were also positive for culture; 43% of specimens from culture-negative- seropositive patients gave a positive result. The overall pattern of results indicated that while antigen detection is a quick and effective substitute for the slow culture method, serological examination for specific IgM antibody is also necessary to give a complete diagnostic coverage. PMID- 3145892 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. 2. Comparison of methods for the direct detection of specific antigen or nucleic acid sequences in respiratory exudates. AB - The efficiency of the direct detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in respiratory exudates by an antigen capture, indirect enzyme immunoassay (Ag-EIA), has been compared with its detection with a cDNA probe ('Gen-Probe assay') directed against the specific ribosomal RNA sequences of the organism ('Mycoplasma pneumoniae Rapid Diagnostic System', Gen-Probe, San Diego, California). Both assays showed excellent specificity against a range of mycoplasma species suspended in negative nasopharyngeal aspirates; only M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium reacted. In experiments with graded doses of viable M. pneumoniae cells suspended in negative nasopharyngeal aspirate, the Gen-Probe assay was more sensitive than Ag-EIA; detection limits were respectively 2 X 10(3) c.f.u./ml (3.2 X 10(5) genomes) and 2.5 X 10(4) c.f.u./ml (4 X 10(6) genomes); detection levels 10-100 times less sensitive than culture. The two assays were also tested on nasopharyngeal aspirates or sputum specimens from 90 patients with respiratory infection; 67 of these were culture- or seronegative for M. pneumoniae and 23 were culture- or seropositive. Ag-EIA detected 21 (91%) of the latter but the Gen Probe assay detected only 5 (22%). Both assays were negative with the 67 culture /sero-negatives; there were no Gen-Probe assay positive/Ag-EIA negatives. Overall, it is concluded that although Ag-EIA and the Gen-Probe assay are effective substitutes for culture as a diagnostic procedure, there is a significant problem with samples which are culture-negative and from patients who have good serological evidence of current infection. Possible reasons for the disparity between the two assays are advanced. PMID- 3145894 TI - Peptides co-released with luteinizing hormone by perifused pituitary cell aggregates. AB - The proteins co-released with gonadotropins were analyzed using perifusion of pituitary cell aggregates from 14-day-old female rats, after a pre-labeling period with [35S]methionine. Radioimmunoassays of hormones and electrophoretic analysis were performed on each 4 min effluent. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulses increased significantly (P less than 0.01) the release of several proteins (Mr range from 140,000 to 28,000). The main stimulation appeared for -1, a 87 kDa species, previously characterized as gonadotrope polypeptide 87 (GP87) in monolayer cultures and identified as a secretogranin II (SgII) form; -2, a second species of 80 kDa designated as B2. Secretory patterns of radiolabeled GP87 and B2 paralleled the luteinizing hormone (LH) ones. The release of these species was -1, GnRH dose dependent; -2, monophasic for short pulses but complex when the duration of GnRH pulses increased to 16 min, suggesting different pools of GP87 and B2 as for LH; -3, induced by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). A slight output was also elicited by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), but this release was partly impaired in the presence of a potent anti-GnRH ([Ac-D-(2)-NAL1,pF-D-Phe2,D-Trp3,D-Arg6]-LAF) suggesting a non-specific effect of these two factors. GP87/SgII thus appeared mainly associated with the release of hormonal glycoproteins. In conclusion, perifusion of pituitary cell aggregates allows a precise minute-to-minute kinetic analysis of the various proteins co-released with hormones. The similar timing in output of LH, GP87 and B2 suggests that these three proteins co-exist in the same secretory granules inside gonadotropes. PMID- 3145893 TI - Intrastriatal dopaminergic grafts restore inhibitory control over striatal cholinergic neurons. AB - The aim of the study was to examine the influence of intrastriatal dopaminergic grafts on the functioning of striatal cholinergic neurons using an in vitro superfusion method. Rats bearing unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system received a cell suspension obtained from ED 14 rat embryonic mesencephali which was injected into the denervated striatum. Lesioned animals displayed an ipsilateral rotation in response to amphetamine (5 mg/kg i.p.). This rotational response disappeared following grafting and there was even a significant contralateral rotation in response to the drug. Apomorphine (0.1 mg/kg s.c.) induced a contralateral rotation following the lesion. This latter response was attenuated in the grafted group. Three months after grafting 350 microns thick slices were prepared from striata from the control and experimental sides of lesioned and graft-bearing animals. The slices were preincubated either with 3H-dopamine (10(-7) M) or 3H-choline (10(-7) M) and then superfused with an oxygenated Krebs-Ringer solution. Stimulation with electrical pulses following preincubation with 3H-dopamine elicited a marked increase of tritium outflow from control slices. Stimulation-evoked overflow was of similar magnitude from slices from striata containing the graft, while it was much reduced in slices from lesioned striata. Amphetamine markedly potentiated the effect of electrical stimulation in slices obtained from control and graft containing striata. Nomifensine (a dopamine uptake blocker) led to a significant decrease of the overflow of 3H-acetylcholine evoked by electrical stimulation from control striatal slices. This inhibition was antagonized by domperidone, a D2 dopamine receptor blocker, a finding which indicates that the action of nomifensine was indeed due to a potentiation of the action of endogenous dopamine released by the electrical stimulation. A similar, although somewhat attenuated, action of nomifensine and domperidone was observed for striatal slices containing the graft. Amphetamine inhibited the stimulation evoked overflow of 3H acetylcholine in a dose-dependent manner from striatal slices obtained both from the intact and experimental sides of graft-bearing animals, while it had no action on slices from denervated striata. Finally, the dose-response curve for the inhibition of 3H-acetylcholine release by apomorphine was significantly shifted to the left for slices from the lesioned striata as compared with control slices. This leftward shift was totally abolished in the slices from the graft containing striatum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3145895 TI - Natural killer, lymphokine-activated killer and interferon-gamma producing activities of peripheral blood- and regional lymph node-mononuclear cells in 23 cases of colorectal cancer. AB - Natural killer (NK) activity, lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) producing activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and regional lymph node mononuclear cells (LNMC) were studied in 23 previously untreated cases of colorectal cancer. NK and LAK activities were significantly lower in LNMC than in PBMC. Patients showed depressed NK and LAK activities in PBMC. In the Dukes C group, especially, both NK activity and LAK activity decreased compared to control patients. NK and LAK activities of PBMC decreased as the grade of invasion to lymphatic channels progressed. LAK activity positively correlated with NK activity in PBMC. Patients with high LAK activity showed high IFN-gamma production in both controls and Dukes A . B patients. However, in Dukes C patients, no relationship between LAK activity and IFN-gamma production was observed. We conclude that the depressed NK and LAK activities of PBMC reflect the local lymphatic invasion and that IFN-gamma involvement in LAK cell generation is impaired in advanced cancer patients. More fundamental studies should be carried out before clinical trials of adoptive immunotherapy using LAK cells, because LAK activity is not induced sufficiently in advanced cancer. PMID- 3145896 TI - [Is there a need for infectiology in gynecology and obstetrics?]. PMID- 3145897 TI - [Tolerance of intraoperative, intraperitoneal chemotherapy in advanced gynecologic malignancies]. AB - Assuming that cells and portions of tumor may remain in the abdominal cavity after surgery to reduce tumor size in cases of ovarian carcinoma, and that a change in cell kinetics could result in accelerated growth in the event of a recurrence, 23 patients with advanced tumors were given local (intraperitoneal) treatment intraoperatively. The treatment consisted of 15 mg Mitomycin C or 30 or 40 mg of Mitoxantron, in 1000 ml normal saline. Since the observation time was so short, the tolerance and side effects of this form of treatment were of primary interest, rather than remission quotas and survival times. The principal abdominal complaints included two subileus conditions which responded well to therapy and the problem of postoperative nausea. Four patients reacted to the treatment described with temperatures of over 38 degrees C. Chemical changes detected in the laboratory included 18 cases of leukopenia, which in one case reached WHO Grade 4. Intermittent changes in liver values and electrolytes were observed in isolated cases. Wound-healing impairments occurred in three cases. In one of them, a patient who sustained a prolapse of the small intestine with tumor growth into the abdominal wall, reoperation was necessary. Taken overall, the side effects of the intraoperative, intraperitoneal cytostatic therapy were acceptable. In view of the courses observed and with the idea of employing a form of therapy to combat aggressive growth of tumor cells remaining after surgery, it appears justified to continue with this form of treatment. PMID- 3145898 TI - [Use of gonadotropin releasing hormone analogs in Marcumar-treated patients for contraception and prevention of life-threatening ovulation hemorrhages]. AB - Five severe cases of intra-abdominal gynaecological haemorrhage (four haemorrhages from corpora lutea haemorrhagica and one haemorrhage of the endometritis genitalis externa) are described in relation to prolonged marcumar therapy. The problem of contraception in patients under marcumar therapy is highlighted and the possibility is discussed of prevention of ovulation and cardio-vascularly neutral treatment, to achieve contraception as well as avoidance of haemorrhage at ovulation with the Gn-RH analogue Buserelin. PMID- 3145899 TI - [Characteristics of monoclonal B-lymphocytes in multiple myeloma in various phases of the disease]. PMID- 3145900 TI - Effects of zinc and EDTA on tissue cadmium in various smooth muscles in rabbit and guinea-pig. AB - 1. The effects of zinc (Zn2+) and ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) on tissue cadmium (Cd2+) were investigated in the smooth muscles of rabbit trachea, taenia coli, aorta and guinea-pig taenia coli. 2. After an Cd uptake in high-K2+ solution, samples were rinsed with cold high-K2+, cold Zn2+ or cold EDTA solution without Cd2+ and the results were quantitatively different from each other. 3. Concentration-response curves were obtained with each treatment of cold solution. 4. It is suggested that tissue Cd2+ can be divided into 3 fractions in the surface membrane and there is another fraction in cellular space. PMID- 3145901 TI - The activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline 4-hydroxylase and UDP glucuronyltransferase in tissues of camels, desert sheep and Nubian goats. AB - 1. The activities of the drug-metabolizing enzymes, aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline 4-hydroxylase and UDP-glucuronyltransferase have been measured in vitro in the liver, kidney and duodenal mucosa of camels, sheep, goats and rats. 2. Enzyme activities were generally higher in the liver, followed by the duodenal mucosa, then the kidney in all species. 3. Male kids had much lower enzyme activity in the liver when compared to adult goats, and in the former animal, no measurable activity could be detected in the duodenal mucosa or kidney. 4. In general, goats seemed to have the highest and camels the lowest enzyme activity when compared to the other species. 5. Some sex differences were noted in the three enzymes studied. In sheep duodenal mucosa and rat liver and duodenal mucosa, males had higher aminopyrine N-demethylase than females. In rat liver and goat duodenal mucosa males had higher aniline 4-hydroxylase than females. Male rats had higher UDP-glucuronyltransferase in liver when compared to females. PMID- 3145902 TI - Molecular analysis of the swallow gene of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - We report the cloning and molecular characterization of the swallow gene, a maternal-effect gene of Drosophila melanogaster. Maternal-effect genes are transcribed only during oogenesis; one such gene, bicoid, encodes a message that is localized at the anterior end of oocytes, eggs, and early embryos. swallow+ activity is necessary during oogenesis for bicoid message localization. We show here that a fragment of a previously identified clone, introduced into the genome by P-element-mediated transformation, is able to rescue the maternal-effect lethality of swallow mutants, confirming the identity of this clone as swallow. By in situ hybridization, we show that swallow message is synthesized in nurse cells during oogenesis but is not localized along either the anterior-posterior or dorsal-ventral axes. We have confirmed an earlier finding that the localization of bicoid message is defective in swallow- oocytes and eggs. PMID- 3145903 TI - A link between cell movement and gene expression argues that motility is required for cell-cell signaling during fruiting body development. AB - Nonmotile mutants of Myxococcus xanthus (Myxobacterales) failed to execute the morphogenetic movements required to shape a fruiting body. In addition, nonmotile mutants produced very few spores when plated for fruiting body development at cell densities appropriate for wild-type cells. At higher initial cell densities, the proportion of nonmotile cells that sporulate increased, indicating that one important function of motility in fruiting body development is to increase the local cell density. However, even at 10 times normal cell density, nonmotile cells sporulated at only 1% the wild-type level. This sporulation deficiency of nonmotile mutants accompanies an altered pattern of gene expression, monitored by using transcriptional fusions of lacZ to genes expressed at specific times during fruiting body development. Motility was not required for normal expression of five lac fusions that are expressed within the first 6 hr of fruiting-body development. However, the levels of expression from five lac fusions to later expressed genes were reduced or abolished in nonmotile strains. beta Galactosidase expression in these late Tn5 lac insertions was increased, and fruiting body development occurred in certain nonmotile strains that can be stimulated to move when mixed with a donor strain. This shows that motility itself is required because the stimulated cells are nonmotile genotypically. The nonmotile mutations had the same effect on developmental beta-galactosidase expression from these 10 lac fusions as an insertion mutation in the csg (formerly spoC) gene. csg mutants have a cell-cell interaction defect that blocks fruiting body development at approximately 6 hr. The similarity in the pattern of developmental expression of motility mutants and csg mutants suggests that motility is required for this csg-mediated cell-cell interaction. PMID- 3145904 TI - Parental age dependent changes as a source of genetic variation in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - It has been shown repeatedly that numerous cumulative changes occur in chromosomes of D. melanogaster, as an effect of ageing which, especially in the homozygous state, significantly affect different fitness components of their carriers. It appears that the observed age-affected events are produced by systematic and ontogenetically programmed changes in genetic loads at specific chromosomes, which are transferable to following generations. It has been suggested that such changes could be of mutational origin, and that they could be more frequent at gene loci which are epigenetically active during ontogenesis. It was demonstrated that a large sample of identical chromosomes behave quite differently in the homozygous state when obtained from aged compared to non-aged parents, producing a significant decrease in relative viability, length of preadult development, and longevity of their carriers, as well as in the frequency of recombinations of corresponding chromosomes. A specific treatment by streptomycin resulted in remarkably milder effects of ageing, which is in accordance with the statement of some authors that such a treatment may diminish the frequency of spontaneous recessive mutations in their carriers. Thus the observed age-affected changes could be an important source of developmental and evolutionary variation of living organisms. PMID- 3145905 TI - Stable polymorphism for mutant eye colour genes in populations of Drosophila melanogaster in two different media. AB - In previous work analyzing variability of eye colour alleles existing in natural populations of D. melanogaster, it was observed that the number of females heterozygous for some eye colour alleles was greater in a wine cellar population than in populations outside this cellar. In order to determine which mechanisms caused these eye colour alleles to be favored in the heterozygotes, the changes in the frequency of four eye colour alleles frequently seen in the cellar population (se77o, sf77m, cd77o and multichromosomal 77o) was studied in artificial populations. Two different culture media, one supplemented with 10% ethanol and the other without ethanol were used. It was found that each of the four mutants reached similar equilibrium frequencies in both media, though the safranin allele (sf77m) equilibrium frequency was significantly higher in the alcohol medium. A significant excess of heterozygotes were also observed in these populations. PMID- 3145907 TI - Molecular cloning of multiple bovine aspartyl protease genes. AB - Eight bovine genomic clones have been identified as members of the aspartyl protease gene family. The clones were prepared in phage vector lambda EMBL3 from Sau3AI partial digests of DNA from a single animal. Restriction maps show that seven of these clones are related and comprise at least five non-overlapping sequences. Allowing for allelic variation these probably represent three or more different genes. The nucleotide sequences show open reading frames (ORFs) corresponding closely to exons 6, 7 and 8 of human and porcine pepsin A. Comparison with other aspartyl proteases shows that these are multiple bovine pepsin A genes. The seven clones would encode at least two different but closely related forms of pepsin A. The 5' splice site at the end of exon 7 in all seven clones is the unusual sequence GC. The eighth clone contains an ORF homologous to exon 2 of the mammalian aspartyl proteases. The corresponding amino acid sequence is more closely related to bovine chymosin than to any of the other known sequences; it may be functionally homologous to chymosin but could be a novel mammalian aspartyl protease. The intron/exon boundaries seen in both this clone and in the bovine pepsin A clones are at the same positions as found in human pepsin A, bovine chymosin and human and mouse renins, further evidence that the general structure of mammalian aspartyl protease genes has been strongly conserved. PMID- 3145906 TI - Characterization of signal-sequence-coding regions selected from the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. AB - Signal-sequence-coding regions for protein export were selected from chromosomal Bacillus subtilis DNA. The number of different signals obtained was higher than expected on the basis of known exported proteins in B. subtilis. Most of the selected regions showed the characteristics of typical signal sequences, including a basic N-terminal region followed by a hydrophobic core and a potential signal-peptidase cleavage site. The signal-coding regions were functionally interchangeable between the B. licheniformis alpha-amylase and Escherichia coli TEM beta-lactamase genes. In addition to the signal-sequence coding regions, the nature of the host cells, and the mature parts of the reporter proteins contributed to the amounts of protein secreted. PMID- 3145908 TI - Cloning and characterization of a novel beta-galactosidase-coding gene from Rhizobium meliloti. AB - The Rhizobium meliloti (Rm) lacZ gene provides a convenient model to investigate patterns of gene regulation in these agronomically important bacteria. A gene encoding beta-galactosidase (beta Gal) activity was cloned from R. meliloti by complementing a lactose-negative Escherichia coli mutant. A series of Sau3A subclones was generated in pBR322, and the coding region for the beta Gal-coding gene was localized to a 2.4-kb core fragment. In E. coli 'maxicells', these lacZ subclones produced a 79-kDa polypeptide, irrespective of the fragment size demonstrating that the translation initiation signal(s) are located on the 2.4-kb fragment. Transposon Tn5 mutagenesis and BAL 31 deletion analysis showed that the expression of the Rm lacZ gene in E. coli was dependent on the tetracycline resistance promoter of pBR322. The cloned sequence was required for beta Gal synthesis in Rhizobium since mutants generated by reverse genetics lack this enzyme and were specifically defective in lactose catabolism. PMID- 3145909 TI - [Effects of long-range atmospheric transfer of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorobiphenyl compounds]. PMID- 3145910 TI - [Experimental data on the substantiation of maximum permissible levels of sevin in atmospheric air]. PMID- 3145911 TI - [Study of the aromatization capacity of human granulosa cells in vitro]. PMID- 3145912 TI - Case management in health care. AB - Case management in health care currently is increasing as a result of intentions to lower or control health care costs and to facilitate client access to services. The author examines case management, identifies the issues that it raises for social workers, and discusses case management trends. Several strategic actions that social workers can take in response to this expanding form of health care delivery also are proposed. PMID- 3145913 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis: luminescent film instead of standard film? A new technic in clinical use is justified--the problem is the price of the peripheral instruments]. PMID- 3145914 TI - Health care innovation: a progress report. PMID- 3145915 TI - Trends in employee health benefits. PMID- 3145916 TI - The "competition revolution" in health care. PMID- 3145917 TI - The social HMO demonstration: early experience. PMID- 3145918 TI - Patient selection in a competitive health care system. PMID- 3145919 TI - Case management: a dissenting view. PMID- 3145920 TI - Efficacy of a new transdermal nitroglycerin system in the treatment of stable angina pectoris. PMID- 3145921 TI - Absence of feedback inhibition of prolactin secretion by the prostate. AB - Previous observations in rodents and man have suggested the existence of feedback inhibition of pituitary prolactin secretion by the prostate. Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) tests performed in males before and after prostatectomy demonstrated no difference in prolactin or thyrotrophin (TSH) secretion. These data do not support the hypothesis of a prostate-pituitary feedback loop in the control of prolactin secretion. The results also imply that prostatic TRH acts in a paracrine manner. PMID- 3145922 TI - Identification of sperm antigens that regulate fertility. AB - Polyclonal antisera were generated in rabbits against human sperm extracts. Out of many such antisera, one was selected (antiserum I) because it recognized relatively few antigens on Western blots. Antiserum I identified immunostainable material on the acrosome of human, monkey, rabbit, hamster, rat and mouse sperm. A detailed histochemical study using rat testes showed that the antigen was detectable on early spermatids and sperm, but not on less mature germ cells. Immunohistochemistry at the electron microscope level localized the antigen on the plasma membrane of rat sperm. In Western blots using human sperm extracts, the antibody recognized a major band with an apparent molecular weight (MW) of 40,000 and minor bands at 43,000 and 72,000. With extracts of monkey sperm and rat testicular cytosol, antiserum I recognized antigens of 69,000 and 23-24,000, respectively. Functionally, antiserum I produced strong agglutination of human sperm. It also prevented attachment of mouse sperm to mouse oocytes in vitro and reduced fertility when administered to female mice. These results suggest that antiserum I can be used as a possible reagent for selecting sperm antigens as components of a contraceptive vaccine. PMID- 3145923 TI - Restoration of anti-interleukin-1 depressed natural killer activity by human recombinant interferon alpha or gamma, human recombinant interleukin-2 and indomethacin. AB - The lymphokines interleukin-2 and interferon alpha or gamma are synthesized and secreted by activated mononuclear cells (MC) and play a critical role in the proliferative expansion of T-lymphocyte effector cells during the immune response. The pretreatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with antibody IgG against human interleukin-1 (IL-1) from normal rabbit serum, inhibited their natural killer (NK) activity against both myeloid (K562) and lymphoid (MOLT-4) cell lines. Percent specific lysis of tumor cells decreased by increasing the antibody anti-IL-1 dose in an almost linear fashion. When the effector cells were pretreated with human recombinant interleukin-2, human interferon alpha or gamma and indomethacin alone or in combination, the inhibitory effect of antibody against human IL-1 was almost totally reversed. PMID- 3145924 TI - Cyclophosphamide modulates arachidonic acid metabolism by peritoneal macrophages. AB - The treatment of mice with a single dose of cyclophosphamide (Cy) (200 mg/kg) enhanced the chemiluminescence (CL) response of peritoneal macrophages (PM) triggered with opsonized zymosan (OpZ). The enhanced CL response could not be attributed to the stimulation of the cyanide-insensitive respiratory burst, since neither superoxide anion release nor immune complex-triggered cytotoxicity, an oxygen-dependent lytic mechanism, were increased in Cy-PM. Then, products of the oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid were measured. It was found that Cy-PM exhibited increased release of prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene C4 in response to OpZ when compared with resident PM. In contrast, similar levels of thromboxane B2 production were observed in both populations. The activation of macrophage arachidonic acid metabolism reported here may contribute to the immunomodulating action of Cy. PMID- 3145925 TI - Gamma-interferon activation of macrophages for killing of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and evidence for nonoxidative mechanisms. AB - Fungicidal activity of murine peritoneal macrophages for the yeast form of the dimorphic fungal pathogen P. brasiliensis was studied. Killing was assessed by reduction of colony forming units (CFU) using a new medium which has a good plating efficiency. Resident peritoneal macrophages phagocytosed but did not kill P. brasiliensis. Macrophages treated overnight with recombinant gamma-interferon (IFN), lymph node cells plus concanavalin A (Con A) or Con A-stimulated spleen cell culture supernatants (Con A Sup) reproducibly killed three different isolates of P. brasiliensis (35 - 55%, P less than 0.05 - P less than 0.001). This is the first demonstration of killing of this organism by macrophages. Activated macrophages did not show enhanced phagocytosis of P. brasiliensis. Activation of macrophages for killing by IFN was dose-dependent and, varying with the isolate, 100 - 10,000 U/ml was required for inducing significant fungicidal effects against P. brasiliensis. Activation of macrophages by IFN or Con A Sup was abrogated by anti-IFN antibody. These results suggest that immune modulation may be an approach to therapy of paracoccidioidomycosis. Killing was not significantly inhibited in the presence of superoxide dismutase (450 U/ml), catalase (20,000 U/ml), dimethylsulfoxide (300 mM) or azide (1 mM). This indicated that killing mechanism(s) did not depend upon products of the oxidative burst. These results show that P. brasiliensis can be significantly killed by activated macrophages without products of the oxidative burst. PMID- 3145926 TI - Analysis terminable and interminable' 50 years afterwards. Analysis of adolescents. AB - The author uses Freud's ideas on the natural period of an analysis as a theoretical background for the presentation of a clinical case. The patient came to analysis as a girl of 15. For the two years before the consultation Ines had suffered from 'absences' when faced with situations she has found difficult to cope with. There appeared to be no neurological basis for these absences of consciousness. The analysis has now lasted for two and a half years. The author presents the facts of the case with a view to the response of his readers as to the indications for termination. He asks for the ideas of his readers on what criteria should be taken for the beginning of termination: the disappearance of symptoms, the working through of the oedipal conflict, the resolution of the transference neurosis, or some combination of these and other indications. PMID- 3145927 TI - Anatomical and clinical study of a case of subacute encephalomyelitis with hyperekplexia syndrome. AB - This case of subacute encephalomyelitis with a hyperekplexia type syndrome was characterized histologically by marked lymphomonocytic infiltrates, nodules of microglia, evidence of neuronophagia. These findings suggested a viral infection. The clinical peculiarities of this encephalomyelitis are explained by the elective site of the lesions in the grey substance of the spinal cord, of the tegmentum of the medulla oblongata and pons and of some nuclei of the extrapyramidal system. PMID- 3145928 TI - Increased retention of calcium in the dendrites of long-term potentiated CA1 neurons of the hippocampal slice. A combined electrophysiological and electron histochemical study. AB - In view of the importance of calcium in the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), experiments were carried out to localize calcium at the electron microscopic level in the CA1 region of guinea pig hippocampal slices, following high-frequency stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals. Apart from the ultrastructural localization, a semi-quantitative method was used to count the calcium-containing deposits in electron micrographs. Significantly more calcium containing deposits were seen in the dendrites of the stratum radiatum in slices with LTP than in those without it. A moderate increase of the extradendritic deposits was observed, too. The calcium content of the deposits was determined by means of EGTA incubation and X-ray analysis. The presented results, together with the relevant literature data, underline the importance of calcium-activated processes in postsynaptic structures probably involved in the generation of LTP. PMID- 3145929 TI - Histochemical localization of octopamine- and proctolin-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity in a locust skeletal muscle. AB - A histochemical technique for the localization of adenylate cyclase activity has been applied to the extensor-tibiae muscle of the hindleg of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria to localise the sites of action of the modulatory compounds octopamine and proctolin. Octopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity can be demonstrated in fast and intermediate type muscle fibres but not in the limited number of purely slow muscle fibres (3-6) in the fan region at the proximal end of the muscle. In contrast the latter fibres are the only ones in the muscle to exhibit proctolin-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity. In both cases the bulk of the reaction product is localised in the sarcoplasmic reticulum component of the dyads, with lesser amounts occurring beneath the sarcolemmal membrane, in the non dyad sarcoplasmic reticulum and in the T-tubule system. The results are consistent with physiological data suggesting that proctolin, but not octopamine, mediates its effects on the myogenic rhythm of contraction and relaxation in this muscle by changing the levels of cyclic AMP in the small group of slow muscle fibres which act as the pacemaker for this rhythm. PMID- 3145930 TI - Use of hyperthermia and radiotherapy in treatment of a large mast cell sarcoma in a dog. AB - A large infiltrating mast cell sarcoma in a dog, which had been refractory before surgical excision, was controlled 2 months after completion of a combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia regimen. Treatment resulted in rapid tumor necrosis and resultant ulceration of adjacent skin. Ulceration was transient, resolving concurrently with tumor control. Radiation was administered as 3.5-Gy fractions 3 times/week, resulting in a total dose of 45.5 Gy in 13 treatments. Hyperthermia (44 C for 30 minutes) was given 4 to 5 hours after radiotherapy, once a week during the first 3 weeks of treatment. PMID- 3145931 TI - Transferrin secretion in response to different modes of FSH stimulation and cycloheximide in superfused Sertoli cell cultures. AB - The influence of different modes of FSH stimulation and cycloheximide on transferrin secretion by rat Sertoli cells was investigated using a superfusion culture system. Sertoli cells from 18-day-old rats were cultured in serum-free medium on Matrigel-covered slides first in static conditions for 19 hours, and then superfused at a flow rate of 2.5 ml/hour. After an equilibration period of 48 hours to establish the basal rate of transferrin secretion, the cultures were exposed to various modes of FSH stimulation. Sertoli cells stimulated intermittently (20 min/2 hours) up to 22 hours responded to each consecutive FSH pulse with a rapid increase of transferrin secretion followed by a decline toward basal values. Continuous 22-hour exposure to FSH elicited an immediate increase followed by irregular fluctuations and a transient decline towards the baseline. With either mode of FSH stimulation, there was a secondary prolonged increase in transferrin secretion. Although cultures stimulated intermittently or continuously during the entire experimental period (22 hours) secreted similar cumulative amounts of transferrin (10.8 +/- 0.5 micrograms and 11.1 +/- 0.8 micrograms, respectively), there was a direct correlation between the secreted amount of transferrin and the duration of FSH exposure up to 8 hours. Addition of cycloheximide decreased both basal and FSH-stimulated transferrin secretion. However, even when cycloheximide was added 1 hour before FSH, an early secretory peak in response to FSH was still observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145932 TI - Differences in CO2 threshold of respiratory muscles in preterm infants. AB - Because neonatal apnea is frequently associated with airway obstruction, we compared relative changes in activity between various upper airway muscles and the diaphragm during hypercapnic stimulation. The technique of hyperoxic CO2 rebreathing was employed in 17 healthy, sleeping preterm infants studied at a postnatal age of 32 +/- 12 days. Surface diaphragm (DIA) electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded in all infants, and noninvasive measurements of posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA), genioglossus (GG), and alae nasi (AN) EMGs were analyzed in 11, 9, and 8 infants, respectively. During the control period, consistent phasic EMGs were recorded from the DIA in all infants and from the PCA in 8 infants, but from the GG and AN each in only one infant. During CO2 rebreathing, minute ventilation and end-tidal CO2 increased linearly as CO2 rose from 31 +/- 5 to 51 +/- 5 Torr. DIA and PCA EMGs also had proportional and comparable increases throughout rebreathing. In contrast, both GG and AN responses differed from the DIA and PCA (P less than 0.001) and exhibited minimal or absent responses at low levels of hypercapnia. Consistent GG and AN EMGs appeared at comparable levels of end-tidal CO2 (47 +/- 5 and 45 +/- 5 Torr, respectively) and subsequently increased linearly in most infants. We conclude that during CO2 rebreathing the initially delayed and subsequently linear responses of the GG and AN EMGs indicate a high CO2 threshold for these muscles. PMID- 3145933 TI - Hypoxic contractile response in isolated human pulmonary artery: role of calcium ion. AB - The mechanism for hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPVC) was investigated in human pulmonary arterial strips. Hypoxia in the presence of histamine (10(-6) M) caused marked pulmonary arterial contraction, which was reversed by O2. The hypoxic contraction in the presence of histamine was inhibited by diphenhydramine, but not by cimetidine. The hypoxic histamine-mediated contraction was attenuated but still present in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, or by the inhibitors of voltage-dependent Ca2+ influx. However, it was inhibited significantly by a further depletion of intracellular Ca2+, or by HA 1004, an intracellular calcium antagonist. A low concentration (10(-7) M) of a calcium ionophore, A23187, enhanced the hypoxic contraction in the presence of histamine, whereas procaine completely inhibited it. W-7, a calmodulin inhibitor, significantly decreased the hypoxic histamine-mediated contraction, but 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a C-kinase promotor, had no effect. The hypoxic contractile response was also observed in the presence of both A23187 and KCl instead of histamine, but the hypoxia-induced contraction with KCl alone was much smaller than that. These results indicate that hypoxia in the presence of certain other vasoactive agents has a potent contractile effect on the human pulmonary artery and that the response is dependent on Ca2+. Enhancement of both Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ release from intracellular storage sites by hypoxia, which interacts with calmodulin, were suggested to be involved in the mechanism of HPVC. PMID- 3145934 TI - Effects of platelet-activating factor antagonist SRI 63-441 on endotoxemia in sheep. AB - We investigated whether platelet-activating factor (PAF) mediates endotoxin induced systemic and pulmonary vascular derangements by studying the effects of a selective PAF receptor antagonist, SRI 63-441, during endotoxemia in sheep. Endotoxin infusion (1.3 micrograms/kg over 0.5 h) caused a rapid, transient rise in pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) from 16 +/- 3 to 36 +/- 10 mmHg (P less than 0.001) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) from 187 +/- 84 to 682 +/- 340 dyn.s.cm-5 (P less than 0.05) at 0.5 h, followed by a persistent elevation in Ppa to 22 +/- 3 mmHg and in PVR to 522 +/- 285 dyn.s.cm-5 at 5 h in anesthetized sheep. Arterial PO2 (PaO2) decreased from 341 +/- 79 to 198 +/- 97 (P less than 0.01) and 202 +/- 161 Torr at 0.5 and 5 h, respectively (inspired O2 fraction = 1.0). SRI 63-441, 20 mg.kg-1.h-1 infused for 5 h, blocked the early rise in Ppa and PVR and fall in PaO2, but had no effect on the late phase pulmonary hypertension or hypoxemia. Endotoxin caused a gradual decrease in mean aortic pressure, which was unaffected by SRI 63-441. Infusion of SRI 63-441 alone caused no hemodynamic alterations. In follow-up studies, endotoxin caused an increase in lung lymph flow (QL) from 3.8 +/- 1.1 to 14.1 +/- 8.0 (P less than 0.05) and 12.7 +/- 8.6 ml/h at 1 and 4 h, respectively. SRI 63-441 abolished the early and attenuated the late increase in QL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145935 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the rat. AB - A standardized method of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in rodents has been developed for anesthetized, mechanically ventilated rats. Ventricular fibrillation was induced and maintained by an alternating current delivered to the right ventricular endocardium. After 4 min of ventricular fibrillation, the chest was compressed with a pneumatic piston device. Eight of 14 animals were successfully resuscitated with DC countershock after 6 min of cardiac arrest. In confirmation of earlier studies from our laboratories in dogs, pigs, and human patients, this rodent model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation demonstrated large venoarterial [H+] and PCO2 gradients associated with reduced pulmonary excretion of CO2 during the low-flow state. Mean aortic pressure, coronary perfusion pressure, and end-tidal CO2 during chest compression were predictive of successful resuscitation. PMID- 3145936 TI - Diffuse oesophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis. PMID- 3145937 TI - Analysis of tissue free fatty acids isolated by aminopropyl bonded-phase columns. AB - Gas chromatographic analysis revealed that polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid and total tissue free fatty acids isolated from an aminopropyl bonded-phase column yield a two- to three-fold higher recovery of arachidonic acid as compared to those isolated from thin-layer chromatographic plates. This method was further improved by packing the aminopropyl bonded phase in glass columns, since the glass column significantly eliminated the other contaminants (from polypropylene columns) coeluting with fatty acids in both a neutral lipid thin-layer chromatographic system and on a 5% DEGS-PS column of gas chromatographic analysis. In aminopropyl bonded-phase columns, the standard triglycerides and phospholipids were completely separated from free fatty acids as judged by gas chromatographic analysis. These results warrant the use of an aminopropyl bonded-phase column for the isolation of free fatty acids to obtain better recovery of polyunsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 3145939 TI - Species-dependent differences in recovery of 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine in assays of plasma catecholamines. PMID- 3145938 TI - Automated high-performance liquid chromatographic extraction and quantification procedure for lipoxygenase metabolites. AB - A number of methods have been used to measure various lipoxygenase metabolites in aqueous samples. These methods, however, suffer from three major limitations: first, they require extensive extraction and isolation from protein-containing media; second, mainly due to the first limitation, they have poor recoveries; and third, these methods usually require a two-step procedure, one for the actual extraction and the other for the quantification of the lipoxygenase metabolites. We have developed a fully automated high-performance liquid chromatographic method which circumvents these limitations. As a result, we are able to obtain high recoveries of various lipoxygenase metabolites from protein-containing samples (i.e. biological samples) while simultaneously quantifying each metabolite. The method employs a column venting technique, whereby the fatty acids are extracted by a pre-column and the proteins are vented to waste. The pre column eluate is then directed through the analytical column which separates the lipoxygenase metabolites. The described method is reproducible and minimizes both the time and the cost involved in assaying a sample. PMID- 3145940 TI - Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of apolipoproteins in serum high-density lipoproteins. PMID- 3145941 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of lombricine and N phosphoryl lombricine in the earthworm by pre-column fluorescence derivatisation with o-phthaldialdehyde-ethanethiol. PMID- 3145942 TI - Flecainide pharmacokinetics after multiple dosing in patients with impaired renal function. AB - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the pharmacokinetics of oral flecainide acetate after single and multiple doses in patients with impaired renal function. DESIGN: Paired study of single followed by multiple oral doses. SETTING: PATIENTS enrolled in a Veterans Administration Hospital renal subspecialty clinic and dialysis unit. PATIENTS: Twenty men and one woman between the ages of 33 and 74 years with impaired renal function including ten patients with end-stage renal disease receiving maintenance hemodialysis. INTERVENTIONS: All patients received a single, oral, 200-mg dose of flecainide acetate followed by sequential venous blood sampling. Seven to 14 days after the single-dose study, each patient received 100 mg of flecainide acetate by mouth every 12 hours or every 24 hours for 10 days. Venous blood samples were drawn periodically during multiple dosing and sequentially after the last dose. Measurements and primary results: Peak flecainide acetate concentrations (micrograms/L) were 330 +/- 104 micrograms/L (mean +/- SD) after the single dose and 687 +/- 505 micrograms/L after multiple doses. Time to peak occurred at 3.3 +/- 2.3 hours and 2.7 +/- 1.2 hours after single and multiple doses, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution was 8.2 +/- 2.9 L/kg and 9.2 +/- 5 L/kg after single and multiple dose studies, respectively. Plasma elimination half-life after the single dose (20.4 +/- 9.0 hours) was significantly shorter (P less than .001) than after multiple doses (37.8 +/- 39.7 hours), as was total body clearance: 391 +/- 154 mL/min versus 302 +/- 194 mL/min. There were no statistically significant differences between pharmacokinetic measurements determined for patients on chronic hemodialysis when compared with nondialysis patients during the multiple-dose study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145943 TI - Red blood cell sorbitol lowering effects and tolerance of single doses of AL 1576 (HOE 843) in diabetic patients. AB - The safety and biochemical effects of AL 1576 (HOE 483), a recently developed aldose reductase inhibitor, were evaluated. In a double-blind, placebo controlled, clinical trial, AL 1576 (HOE 483) was administered to diabetic patients for the first time. Four single, orally administered dose levels were tested, (2, 5, 10, and 20 mg). No clinically important adverse effects were seen in any of the patients. AL 1576 (HOE 483) suppressed red blood cell (RBC) sorbitol concentrations in a dose-related fashion. Also found were statistically significant inverse correlations between the plasma drug concentration and both RBC sorbitol concentrations as well as RBC sorbitol/serum glucose ratios. In single doses up to 20 mg, AL 1576 (HOE 483) is well tolerated and decreases RBC sorbitol, a biochemical marker of pharmacologic activity, in diabetic patients. PMID- 3145944 TI - The shear impact retentive strengths of four dentine bonding agents to human and bovine dentine. PMID- 3145945 TI - [Clinical study on hypotensive anesthesia for mandibular osteotomy]. PMID- 3145946 TI - IgG subclass distribution in intravenous immunoglobulin preparations. PMID- 3145947 TI - Algae-derived (phycogene) hydroxylapatite. A comparative histological study [corrected and issued with original paging in Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1988 Oct;17(5)]. AB - 3 granular hydroxylapatite (HA) biomaterials, solid, coralline and phycogene HA (obtained from calcifying algae), differing widely in their relative amounts of specific surfaces and their origin, were examined with regard to their effects on bone healing in rats. Trephine drill holes were produced in the rat femur and filled with the HA granules. Each biomaterial produced a characteristic pattern of bone healing. Bioceramics with a small surface area showed random bone-implant contacts. Biomaterials offering large surface areas showed a dense bone-implant interface. Evidence is presented to suggest that a large specific surface favours osteoneogenesis and cell spreading on and into an implant. PMID- 3145948 TI - The effectiveness of flurazepam as night sedation prior to the removal of third molars. AB - Anxiety prior to dental treatment is a well-recognized problem. Although oral sedation has been recommended the night before appointments to reduce this anxiety, there are no well-controlled studies to support this claim. The present double-blind cross-over study investigated the effect of 30 mg of flurazepam taken the night before the removal of impacted third molars. Preoperative anxiety, visuomotor performance and sleep patterns were investigated in 20 adult patients with similarly impacted third molars. While preoperative flurazepam led to a statistically significant improvement in sleep patterns, there was no reduction in pre-operative anxiety on the morning of surgery. In addition, the flurazepam-treated group demonstrated significantly impaired visuo-motor performance 60 min after intravenous sedation compared to this group where intravenous sedation was used only preceded by placebo. Patients had a significant preference for flurazepam over placebo as a night-time sedative. PMID- 3145949 TI - The hydroxylapatite-bone interface. Studies on a human biopsy. AB - Augmentation of the mandible with HA and cancellous bone appears to be a clinically stable and reliable procedure. A human biopsy, taken after 16 months, shows a mature bone frame embedding HA particles and a stable HA-bone interface. Minimal biodegradation was observed in the subperiosteal layer. PMID- 3145950 TI - Canine mandibular response to surfaced-textured hydroxylapatite blocks. AB - The response of bone to surface-textured dense hydroxylapatite (HA) was evaluated in interpositional and onlay grafts to the dog mandible. For surfaced-waffled HA blocks, bonding of bone to the HA stabilized the interpositional grafts within 4 weeks and the onlay grafts at 6 weeks. Bone conformed intimately to the textured HA surface. This study demonstrates the early bone response to surface-textured HA blocks in the dog. PMID- 3145951 TI - Bilateral nasopalatine ducts of the premaxilla. AB - An unusual case involving the development of patency of the nasopalatine ducts after orthopedic expansion of the premaxilla in a young child is described. The embryogenesis, clinical presentation and surgical repair is discussed. PMID- 3145952 TI - Simultaneous correction of maxillary and mandibular dentofacial deformities without the use of postoperative intermaxillary fixation. A clinical and cephalometric study. AB - Simultaneous correction of maxillary and mandibular anomalies was performed in 23 patients. The maxillary segment was stabilized by means of steel wires as horizontal mattress sutures, which, in all cases, gave good stability. A modified sagittal split has been applied in all cases. The method makes a safe split osteotomy possible under controlled conditions. The design of the osteotomy and the screw osteosynthesis counteract relapse. Postoperatively, no rigid intermaxillary fixation (IMF) was used. Masticatory function was started from the 1st postoperative day and in most cases was normalized 2-3 weeks after surgery according to the patients own judgement. Cephalometric analysis was performed on 15 patients by a superimposition technique. There was an overall good postoperative stability of the maxilla and mandible in the horizontal and vertical planes. We conclude that omitting IMF has no negative effect on the postoperative stability of the fragments. PMID- 3145953 TI - Skeletal stability following sagittal split osteotomy using monocortical miniplate internal fixation. AB - Skeletal stability was evaluated in 20 patients with mandibular hypoplasia, treated with bilateral sagittal split osteotomies to advance the mandible. Stable internal fixation was obtained using osseous miniplates and monocortical screws. Intermaxillary fixation was released after 5.15 days (range 1 to 11 days). The average B-point advancement was 6.07 mm (range 2.25 to 17.5 mm) and the average Pogonion-point advancement was 5.39 mm (range 1.75 to 14 mm). Mandibular range of motion, TMJ dysfunction and neurosensory deficits were also evaluated. The follow up period averaged 8.85 months (range 6 to 14 months) and final evaluations were made after completion of orthodontics. Relapse measured at B-point was 10.7% and at Pogonion was 18.7%. Maximal opening decreased an average of 0.47 mm. Symptoms in 8 patients with TMJ dysfunction resolved, while 3 others developed TMJ dysfunction following surgery. Neurosensory deficits were subjectively identified in 9 patients (10 sides) and were objectively measured in 5 patients (5 sides). PMID- 3145954 TI - T-cell lymphoma of palatal midline. Report of 2 cases. AB - 2 cases of unifocal T-cell lymphomas, predominantly large cell type, one restricted to the midline of the palate and the other involving the nasal cavity are reported. Monoclonal antibodies served as a useful adjunct to light microscopy in diagnosing these tumors. PMID- 3145955 TI - Multiple myeloma presenting as localized expansile jaw tumour. AB - Myelomatous involvement of the maxilla is an exceptionally rare occurrence, and the presentation of the lesion as an expansile jaw bone tumour has not been reported. 2 cases, one with a maxillary lesion, the other with a mandibular lesion are presented, both of which illustrate gross bone expansions. Additionally, 1 case presented with a rare biclonal IgG kappa and IgG lambda light chain secreting myeloma. Relevant clinical, immunological, histological, biochemical and histochemical features are presented and discussed, and suggestions pertaining to surgical management made. PMID- 3145956 TI - Mandibular metastasis of angiosarcoma. A case report. AB - A case of mandibular metastasis of angiosarcoma is described, along with its clinical manifestations and histopathological features. This is the 5th case ever reported of metastasis of angiosarcoma to the mandible. PMID- 3145957 TI - Irradiation effect of low-energy laser on alveolar bone after tooth extraction. Experimental study in rats. AB - A histopathological study of the initial healing of extraction wounds following low-energy laser irradiation, using a gallium-arsenide semi-conductor laser, was carried out in rats. The results suggest that this mode of treatment has a beneficial effect on initial bony wound healing. It was found that proliferation of fibroblasts was more prominent in the irradiated group, and so was the formation of trabecular osteoid tissue. The deposition of lead in the newly formed bone suggests a more rapid ossification in the irradiated group. PMID- 3145958 TI - Local dental anaesthesia with lidocaine and adrenaline. Effects on plasma catecholamines, heart rate and blood pressure. AB - 5 volunteers took part in this double-blind, cross-over study to evaluate the role of adrenaline 1:80,000 in lidocaine used in dental local anaesthesia on haemodynamics and the concentrations of catecholamines and their metabolites in plasma. The exogenous adrenaline statistically significantly elevated the heart rate (from 66 +/- 7 to 79 +/- 9 bpm), but did not affect systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Plasma adrenaline concentrations were increased more than 10-fold (from 0.02 +/- 0.02 to 1.0 +/- 0.3 nmol/l). We conclude that the adrenaline present in the local anaesthetic is a major source of adrenergic activation during minor oral surgery. PMID- 3145959 TI - A review of matrix-induced osteogenesis with special reference to its potential use in cranio-facial surgery. AB - Current data suggests that purified osteoinductive protein packaged into a collagenous delivery vehicle represents a viable alternative to restoring osseous defects with conventional implant materials. The proteins responsible for matrix induced osteogenesis are the same as those that initiate and complete osseous repair of fractures. Consequently, the process of matrix-induced osteogenesis produced by implantation of the osteoinductive protein mimics the naturally occurring phenomenon of reparative osteogenesis. The collagenous delivery vehicle apparently serves the same role as the inactive collagenous bone matrix which is left after removal of the osteoinductive proteins from demineralized bone and, is required if osteogenesis is to occur. This collagenous delivery vehicle apparently serves a scaffold for the migration into, proliferation, and subsequent differentiation of cells responsible for osteogenesis. In addition, the original form of the collagenous implant dictates the dimensions of the resulting bony tissue. Finally, it is possible to generate an osteoinductive response in many mammals probably including man with purified xenogenic osteoinductive proteins. In conclusion, there is currently much research investigating the phenomenon of matrix-induced osteogenesis and its potential clinical use. In the past few years, there has been a sharp increase in the number of manuscripts published in this area of connective tissue research. Consequently, if the current trend continues, clinicians in the near future can look forward to seeing this material being developed into a convenient "off the shelf" bone replacement system which stimulates host bone formation and repair of cranio-facial osseous defects. PMID- 3145960 TI - [A case of combined lysinuric protein intolerance and hypoactivity of argininosuccinate synthetase (citrullinemia)]. PMID- 3145961 TI - Neurological syndromes of brucellosis. AB - Eleven patients with brucellosis presented with neurological features closely simulating transient ischaemic attacks, cerebral infarction, acute confusional state, motor neuron disease, progressive multisystem degeneration, polyradiculoneuropathy, neuralgic amyotrophy, sciatica and cauda equina syndrome. Most patients improved quickly after adequate antibiotic treatment but chronic cases responded poorly. These protean neurological manifestations of brucellosis indicate that the underlying pathological mechanisms are diverse. PMID- 3145962 TI - Assessment of cerebral haemodynamic reserve: correlation between PET parameters and CO2 reactivity measured by the intravenous 133 xenon injection technique. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen utilisation, fractional oxygen extraction (OER) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) were measured by positron emission tomography (PET) in 21 patients with occlusive carotid artery disease. In the same patients, measurements of cerebral CO2 reactivity were performed using the intravenous xenon-133 technique. A significant correlation was found in symptomatic hemispheres between the CBF/CBV ratio and CO2 reactivity. Four patients had significant increases in OER and this was associated with a reduction in CBF/CBV ratio implying exhaustion of haemodynamic reserve. CO2 reactivity was reduced below 1.5% mm Hg in all four cases with raised OER but only in two cases with normal OER. In patients with CO2 reactivities above 1.5% mm Hg, OER was normal in all cases. It is concluded that measurements of CO2 reactivity provide a satisfactory method for assessing cerebral haemodynamic reserve. PMID- 3145963 TI - Quantitative assessment of blood-brain barrier permeability in multiple sclerosis using 68-Ga-EDTA and positron emission tomography. AB - Fifteen patients with definite multiple sclerosis were examined with high volume delayed (HVD) CT scan and positron emission tomography (PET) using 68-Ga-EDTA as a tracer. The passage of 68-Ga-EDTA across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was measured by using multiple graphical analysis. This method permits the simultaneous calculation of a blood to brain influx constant Ki (ml/g-1 min-1) and of the plasma volume Vp (ml/g-1). Focal areas of abnormal CT enhancement and pathological accumulation of 68-Ga-EDTA were visualised in four patients who were all examined during a clinical exacerbation of the disease. The mean Ki value measured in these areas was 12.5, SD 3.4 indicating a moderate but significant increase of BBB permeability compared with the value found in normal tissue (3.2, SD 0.9). No parallel increase in Vp values was found in these pathological areas. Quantitative data obtained with PET seems to provide further insight into the study of BBB function in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3145964 TI - A prospective randomized trial of alpha 2B-interferon/gamma-interferon or the combination in advanced metastatic renal cell carcinoma. AB - Eighty-nine patients with advanced measurable metastatic renal cell carcinoma were entered into a prospective randomized trial comparing alpha-interferon to gamma-interferon and to the combination. The trial was performed in order to confirm the activity of gamma-interferon and assess the potential clinical synergism. Response rates were 5, 10, and 5%, respectively. The low response rate may have been due to the inability to raise the doses of the interferons to higher levels. Clinical synergy at this dose, route, and schedule of administration in renal cell carcinoma does not exist. PMID- 3145965 TI - Laminin: molecular organization and biological function. AB - Laminin, the most abundant glycoprotein molecule found in basement membrane, has multiple functions in eukaryotic tissues. It serves to attach epithelial cells to basement membrane, aids development and migration of specific cell types in growth and maturation, and has been implicated in tumor metastasis and some types of infection. Current concepts of the molecular organization and myriad functions of the laminin molecule are reviewed. PMID- 3145966 TI - Variable expression in Amelogenesis imperfecta with taurodontism. AB - The hypomaturation-hypoplasia type of Amelogenesis imperfecta with taurodontism is a rare condition. All previously documented cases have featured clinically involved teeth in successive generations. A family is presented in which the son was affected clinically and radiographically, whereas the teeth of his sister and mother were clinically normal but radiographically had the taurodont morphology. Molars extracted from the boy showed both hypoplasia and hypomineralisation on histopathological examination. It is proposed that the taurodont tooth form in the sister and mother represents a partial manifestation of the condition. PMID- 3145967 TI - Effect of bone matrix-derived growth factors on skull and tibia in the growing rat. AB - Aberration in cranial skeletal morphology during growth due to metabolic bone diseases associated with hypocalcemia is related to abnormalities in cranial suture growth. It was found in previous experimental studies that a changed cranial growth pattern induced by hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism was dependent on a decreased bone apposition in viscerocranial growth sites. Of interest was the observation that obliterative osteogenesis occurred with this disturbance. In vitro studies have shown that when bone resorption is stimulated by parathyroid hormone, mitogenic factors for bone cells are released from the matrix. The aim of the current study was to elucidate a possible local regulatory mechanism for bone growth especially with regard to cranial growth. Two groups of young rats were injected daily with 150 micrograms and 750 micrograms respectively of bone matrix-derived growth factor preparation (BMDGF) for 2 weeks. By using cephalometric analysis, the BMDGF administration was shown to alter skull morphology during growth. Since the high doses of BMDGF caused markedly more changes than the low dose, the overall effect on craniofacial growth seemed to be dose dependent. The high dose of BMDGF induced a decrease in cortical bone apposition found in this region, as well as in the diaphysis of the tibia. Also a change in position of the viscerocranium in relation to the cranial base was found in the BMDGF-treated rats: the flexure between the viscerocranium and the cranial base being greater compared with the normal skull. This change in relationship seemed to be related to the enhanced bone apposition found in the viscerocranial sutures of BMDGF-treated rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3145968 TI - Reaction of fibroblasts to various dental casting alloys. AB - The cytotoxicity of a series of dental casting alloys in the as-cast and polished condition was determined with cell culture techniques involving phase contrast microscopy to examine cell morphology and the succinic dehydrogenase histochemical reaction to measure any ring of inhibition of Balb/c 3T3 cellular respiration around alloys. Crown and bridge casting alloys and a nickel- and a cobalt-base alloy were biocompatible in the polished condition, but less so in the as-cast condition. The only two exceptions were casting alloys containing 50 60 wt% Cu. Porcelain-fused-to-metal alloys were biocompatible in either the as cast or polished condition. This direct contact method appeared satisfactory for evaluating biocompatibility of dental casting alloys, especially since these materials are in contact with gingival tissues. PMID- 3145969 TI - Secretor status, candidal carriage and candidal infection in patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - One hundred and nine patients with diabetes mellitus and 100 age-, sex- and denture-status-matched, non-diabetic individuals were investigated prospectively. Comparison was made of oral candidal carriage, clinical infection and inherited ability to secrete blood group antigens in saliva. Diabetic patients had a significantly higher prevalence of oral candidal carriage and infection (P less than 0.001) than non-diabetic individuals, but the candidal load between the 2 groups, was not significant. A comparable proportion of insulin-dependent, non insulin dependent and control groups were secretors of blood group antigens, and there was no difference in the oral candidal carriage and infection rates between secretors and non-secretors. PMID- 3145970 TI - Susceptibility of Microsporum and Trichophyton species to suicide inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. AB - DFMO (difluoromethylornithine) and DFMA (difluoromethylarginine), irreversible suicide inhibitors of ornithine and arginine decarboxylase activities (ODC and ADC) respectively, inhibit the growth of six species of Microsporum and six species of Trichophyton. Trichophyton species in general, are more sensitive than Microsporum species. DFMA inhibits growth as effectively as DFMO but at a 10-fold lower concentration. Inhibition is specific, as a number of substrates and end products of ODC and ADC activities antagonize DFMA and DFMO (i.e. ornithine greater than putrescine = spermidine greater than agmatine). The methylester analogue of ornithine, MFMOme (monofluormethyldehydroornithine methylester) is at least a 25-fold more effective inhibitor than DFMO; the inhibition is specific as it is reversed by ornithine. PMID- 3145971 TI - Epidemiologic and immunologic evaluation of an outbreak of canine blastomycosis. AB - Five confirmed cases of canine blastomycosis occurred over the 10-month period of December 1983 to September 1984 in a south-eastern Wisconsin colony of 30 dogs maintained for sled competition. Contrary to other published reports of canine blastomycosis, the sex-specific attack rates were higher among females than males. Four of the five confirmed cases and all four deaths occurred among young female dogs. Differences in the age distribution and/or the micro-environment of the females may have contributed at least in part to the difference in sex specific attack rates. The serologic response and leukocyte function of the clinically affected and apparently healthy dogs from this colony were assessed during the outbreak. A survey of the adult dogs in the colony suggested that the mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis of dogs with clinical signs of blastomycosis was suppressed compared with that of dogs that remained free of clinical signs. In contrast to previous reports that autologous sera from dogs and humans with clinical blastomycosis inhibited mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis, lymphocyte responsiveness was similar to, or greater in the presence of autologous canine serum than it was in the presence of fetal bovine serum. PMID- 3145973 TI - [A new electron transfer system functioned as drug reducing enzyme system]. PMID- 3145972 TI - HIV-1 inhibition by azidothymidine in a concurrently randomized placebo controlled trail. AB - Two independent measures of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, virus isolation, and serum levels of p24 antigen were evaluated in a double-blind randomized clinical trial of the safety and efficacy of a nucleoside analogue, 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) versus placebo in a single center. Pretreatment studies from 38 AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients were comparably positive for virus isolation from their lymphocytes; all patients were qualitatively virus positive. Before AZT treatment, there was significantly decreased virus recovery in patients with higher numbers of CD4-positive lymphocytes. Within 1 month of AZT therapy, the time in culture required to register virus positivity was increased markedly in the AZT-treated group, and over the following several months progressive diminution in virus recovery was noted. Similar changes were not seen in patients concurrently receiving placebo treatment. Before treatment, 16 of 20 and 12 of 16 patients in the AZT and placebo groups, respectively, were p24 antigen positive. Marked reduction in serum p24 levels were noted in 11 of 16 (69%) of the p24 antigen-positive AZT treated patients compared to 3 of 12 (25%) of the p24 antigen-positive placebo treated patients (p = 0.02). There was a marked virologic response in 14 of 20 (70%) of the AZT-treated patients compared to 4 of 18 (22%) placebo-treated patients (p = 0.004). A higher frequency of positive clinical and immunological effects also were noted in the AZT-treated patients relative to placebo-treated patients (p = 0.02 and p = 0.06, respectively). PMID- 3145975 TI - Total enteral nutrition for a schizophrenic patient during pregnancy and lactation. PMID- 3145974 TI - Postnatal somatic growth in very low birth weight infants on supplemental peripheral parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3145976 TI - Neuroendocrine aspects of primary endogenous depression. VII. Logistic regression analysis of matched patient-control hormone data for discrimination between groups. AB - We previously reported significant alterations in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal cortical (HPA) and thyroid (HPT) axis function in a group of 40 primary, RDC definite endogenous depressives compared to 40 individually matched normal control subjects. In those reports, univariate statistical tests for matched samples were used (paired t-tests). We next wished to use both the HPA and the HPT measures in a multivariate analysis to discriminate the patients from the controls, but the paired nature of the hormone data obviated the use of standard techniques. With an adaptation of the BMDP PLR statistical program, we performed a matched logistic regression analysis, in stepwise fashion, which resulted in a model incorporating two HPA variables and one HPT variable. From this model, odds ratios which associate being depressed or not with levels of the HPA and HPT measures were estimated. The median odds ratio for the 40 matched pairs was 7.8. To illustrate the model, we present graphs of estimated odds ratios of patients with selected hormone values compared to a typical normal subject with hormone values close to the median values of the 40 controls in our study. PMID- 3145977 TI - Parenteral nutrition in gynecology. AB - Over a three-year period, 88 gynecology inpatients received 99 courses of parenteral nutrition. Indications included a variety of circumstances in patients with both benign and malignant conditions. Complications were infrequent and generally without significant sequelae. A correlation was noted between nutritional status and clinical outcome, indicating a need for continued monitoring of nutritional status during parenteral nutritional support. PMID- 3145978 TI - Chylothorax. PMID- 3145979 TI - Structure of calmodulin refined at 2.2 A resolution. AB - The crystal structure of mammalian calmodulin has been refined at 2.2 A (1 A = 0.1 nm) resolution using a restrained least-squares method. The final crystallographic R-factor, based on 6685 reflections in the range 2.2 A less than or equal to d less than or equal to 5.0 A with intensities exceeding 2.5 sigma, is 0.175. Bond lengths and bond angles in the molecule have root-mean-square deviations from ideal values of 0.016 A and 1.7 degrees, respectively. The refined model includes residues 5 to 147, four Ca2+ and 69 water molecules per molecule of calmodulin. The electron density for residues 1 to 4 and 148 is poorly defined, and they are not included in the model. The molecule is shaped somewhat like a dumbbell, with an overall length of 65 A; the two lobes are connected by a seven-turn alpha-helix. Prominent secondary structural features include seven alpha-helices, four Ca2+-binding loops, and two short, double stranded antiparallel beta-sheets between pairs of adjacent Ca2+-binding loops. The four Ca2+-binding domains in calmodulin have a typical EF hand conformation (helix-loop-helix) and are similar to those described in other Ca2+-binding proteins. The X-ray structure determination of calmodulin shows a large hydrophobic cleft in each half of the molecule. These hydrophobic regions probably represent the sites of interaction with many of the pharmacological agents known to bind to calmodulin. PMID- 3145980 TI - Immortalization of bipotential glial progenitors and generation of permanent "blue" cell lines. AB - The transfer of the adenovirus 5 E1A gene into brain cells from rat embryos led to the establishment of phenotypically untransformed clonal glial cell lines. Some lines displayed properties of oligodendrocyte-astrocyte progenitors. Their differentiation involved several steps that were dependent on culture conditions and cell interactions. Subsequently, a few lines were cotransfected with a vector carrying a modified dihydrofolate reductase gene and with the Escherichia coli lacZ gene. After selection for resistance to methotrexate, cell lines were derived that stably expressed the lacZ gene. These cells were individually detectable by histochemical staining for beta-galactosidase activity, even in the presence of other cells. These results suggest that this type of cell line could be of interest for further in vitro, and possibly transplant, studies of the differentiation and interactions of glial cells. PMID- 3145981 TI - Nerve growth factor rapidly stimulates arachidonate metabolism in PC12 cells: potential involvement in nerve fiber growth. AB - Homogenates prepared from pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells that are extending nerve fibers in response to nerve growth factor (NGF) have an increased capacity to metabolize exogenous arachidonate compared with homogenates prepared from cells untreated with NGF. These changes are not a consequence of cell attachment, since they are also seen in NGF-treated PC12 cells grown in suspension and are not found in attached cells grown in the absence of NGF. This NGF-stimulated increase in arachidonate metabolic capacity occurs rapidly and before the extension of nerve fibers. In contrast to NGF, epidermal growth factor does not alter the metabolism of exogenous arachidonate by PC12 cells. Radioimmunoassay of medium from PC12 cultures indicates that intact cells produce and release increased amounts of prostaglandin (PGE) in response to NGF. Drugs that inhibit arachidonate liberation from membrane phospholipids (mepacrine or 4-bromphenacyl bromide) block NGF-stimulated nerve fiber growth by PC12 cells. Selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase metabolism of arachidonate (indomethacin and aspirin) fail to block growth, but inhibitors of lipoxygenase metabolism (baicalein, BW755, and eicosatetraynoic acid) are potent blockers. In cultures of dorsal root ganglion neurons, inhibitors of arachidonate release (mepacrine, 4 bromphenacyl bromide) or its subsequent metabolism by lipoxygenases (nordihydroquaiaretic acid, eicosatetraynoic acid) also prevent the early morphological events of nerve fiber growth. Our data suggest that NGF rapidly and specifically increases the capacity of PC12 cells to synthesize arachidonate metabolites, and that arachidonate metabolism may be important in nerve fiber growth by both PC12 cells and dorsal root ganglion neurons. PMID- 3145982 TI - Expression and phosphorylation of the mid-sized neurofilament protein NF-M during chick spinal cord neurogenesis. AB - The middle molecular weight polypeptide of neurofilaments (NF-M) is modified posttranslationally by extensive phosphorylation. This modification is slow in mature neurons, requiring approximately 24-48 hr for completion and probably occurs outside of the cell soma (Bennett and DiLullo: J Cell Biol 100:1799, 1985c). Thus, NF-M synthesis and phosphorylation are separate events both temporally and spatially. Although it is known that NF-M is among the earliest neuron-specific gene products to be expressed during nervous system development, it is not known what the temporal relationship is between the initiation of NF-M translation and its phosphorylation. To address this question, we have produced an antiserum against the dephosphorylated form of NF-M (NF-M130) and have used this antiserum, together with a previously characterized antiserum against completely phosphorylated NF-M (NF-M160), in an immunohistochemical examination of neurogenesis and the initial period of neuronal differentiation in chick spinal cord. We found that 1) nonphosphorylated and partially phosphorylated NF-M cannot be detected prior to the completion of the terminal mitosis; 2) most postmitotic neuroblasts begin expressing NF-M as they commence migration, but do not contain the completely phosphorylated polypeptide until some time after completion of migration; and 3) those precursor cells of a subpopulation of neuroblasts that begin expressing completely phosphorylated NF-M during their terminal cell cycle (Bennett and DiLullo: Dev Biol 107:94, 1985a) contain no detectable nonphosphorylated or partially phosphorylated NF-M. These cells probably complete the phosphorylation step more rapidly than do mature neurons. PMID- 3145983 TI - Tissue plasminogen activator binding to mouse cerebellar granule neurons. AB - Cultures of dissociated neonatal mouse cerebellar cells secrete primarily tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and to a lesser extent urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) into the culture medium. Fibrin overlays have localized plasminogen activator to granule neurons in these cultures; furthermore, this granule cell plasminogen activator activity is blocked by an antibody to tPA. Developmental studies indicate that maximal levels of soluble plasminogen activator in the culture medium preceed the peak of fibrinolytic activity by these cultures, suggesting that secreted PA may bind back to the surface of these granule neurons. Here we show that granule cell-associated tPA can be displaced by a brief pH shock. However, incubation of these fibrinolytically inactive cultures with exogenously added mouse tPA leads to a specific binding of active tPA to granule neurons as visualized by subsequent fibrin overlay. In similar studies mouse uPA, human uPa, and human tPA fail to show fibrinolytic activity associated with the cerebellar culture, whereas mouse tPA fails to bind to cerebellar glial cell cultures. These findings suggest that granule neurons possess binding sites for tPA on their surface, where this protease can retain its functional activity and may play an important role in cell migration or other cell activities. PMID- 3145984 TI - A comparison of the carbon dioxide and neodymium: YAG lasers in a canine model of acquired subglottic stenosis. AB - In a previously defined canine model of subglottic stenosis, two different wavelength lasers--the carbon dioxide (CO2) and the neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG)--were used as the principal surgical therapy, and the results were compared. Two lathyrogenic agents, colchicine and penicillamine, were also used in a subset of each treatment group in order to determine their effect as an adjunct to laser therapy in the treatment of subglottic stenosis. The CO2 laser treatment group showed an overall improvement; the Nd:YAG laser treatment group showed a worsening of subglottic stenosis. The dogs treated with the lathyrogenic agents had no added benefit from the use of these agents. PMID- 3145985 TI - Invited comment: short-chain fatty acids and their potential role in nutritional support. PMID- 3145986 TI - Invited comment: use of acetate in total parenteral nutrition solutions. PMID- 3145987 TI - Alternative lipids to usual omega 6 PUFAS: gamma-linolenic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, EPA, etc. AB - The intravenous administration of parenteral fat emulsions is widely used in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to supply essential fatty acids and concentrated energy in a relatively small volume of isotonic solution. They contain very high amounts of linoleic acid and usually about 8% of alpha-linolenic acid calculated in the fat phase (10 or 20% of the total emulsion). Most of the time one emulsion is given as the sole source of fat, giving direct venous entry to a fatty acid composition substantially different from that encountered in a normal diet. Since the latter greatly influences the fatty acid composition of phospholipids which are critical determinants of membrane structural properties influencing a variety of membrane functions (Fig. 1) (enzyme activity, membrane transport, receptor function) and functional precursors of intracellular and intercellular mediators (diacylglycerols, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, hydroxy fatty acids), do we provide the right fatty acid at the right place and the right time for efficient cell cell interaction? In other words, given the three roles of fatty acids- energetic, structural, functional--are we using the best strategy to avoid imbalances between the three roles? PMID- 3145988 TI - Effects of parenteral lipid on leucine metabolism: dependence of fatty acid chain length. PMID- 3145989 TI - Invited comment: short-chain fatty acids: present prospect--future alternative? PMID- 3145990 TI - [Serotype and susceptibilities to eight antibiotics of fifty strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens and changes in susceptibilities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to various antibiotics during a period between 1983 and 1986]. AB - Efficacies of 8 antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the relation to serotypes and clinical sources were investigated on 50 strains isolated from patients at Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital between August and September, 1986. Disk sensitivity test was carried out simultaneously for 5 antibiotics including piperacillin (PIPC), cefoperazone (CPZ), cefsulodin (CFS), ceftazidime (CAZ) and amikacin (AMK), using the single-disk method. We also examined changes in susceptibilities of P. aeruginosa to 5 antibiotics including PIPC, CFS, fosfomycin, gentamicin (GM) and AMK during last 4 years (1983-1986). The results are summarized as follows. 1. CAZ and AMK proved to have high antibacterial potencies, and their MIC80's (concentrations to inhibit growth of 80% of objective bacteria) were both 6.25 micrograms/ml. Following these two the order of potencies were; CFS, cefpiramide (CPM), PIPC, CPZ, netilmicin (NTL), and cefmenoxime (CMX). Sixty two percent of the strains of P. aeruginosa showed high resistances (MIC greater than 50 micrograms/ml) to CPM, CPZ, NTL and CFS, 58% to PIPC, and 2% to AMK. 2. With regard to serotypes, strains belonging to type E were less susceptible than those belonging to types G and I. Type E strains showed high resistance to all antibiotics except CAZ and AMK. 3. Strains obtained from pura and secreta were relatively susceptible, while those from urines were resistant, to these antibiotics tested, in general. 4. Good correlation between MIC's obtained with the agar dilution method (MIC less than or equal to 12.5 micrograms/ml) and these with the disk sensitivity test (greater than ? was observed. chi 2 statistical analysis showed that the results obtained with the 2 methods were closely related (P less than 0.01). 5. P. aeruginosa showed fairly high susceptibility to AMK through the recent 4 years (1983-1986). On the other hand, highly resistant strains against CFS, PIPC, FOM and GM increased rapidly during this period. PMID- 3145991 TI - [In vitro combination effects of astromicin and beta-lactam antibiotics against CFS-sensitive and CFS-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro synergistic activity]. AB - We investigated in vitro synergistic activity of astromicin (ASTM) combined with beta-lactam antibiotics (cefsulodin (CFS), cefoperazone (CPZ), ceftazidime (CAZ), piperacillin (PIPC) and fosfomycin (FOM) against fresh clinical isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which consisted of 13 CFS sensitive (MIC less than or equal to 3.13 micrograms/ml) and 19 CFS resistant (MIC greater than or equal to 400 micrograms/ml) strains according to the FIC index. Against CFS-sensitive P. aeruginosa, ASTM showed good synergistic activities when combined with PIPC (54%), CAZ (38%), CPZ (23%) and CFS (8%). Against CFS-resistant P. aeruginosa, ASTM also showed high synergistic activities when combined with CAZ (63%), CPZ (47%), PIPC (37%) and CFS (11%). Among the CFS-resistant P. aeruginosa, one clinical isolate showed a high sensitivity (MIC0.78 micrograms/ml) against ASTM alone. PMID- 3145992 TI - [Pathogenic agents of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi]. PMID- 3145993 TI - [Improvement in anti-hemophilic preparations and arts problems. 1. Heat-treated concentrates]. PMID- 3145994 TI - [Improvement in anti-hemophilic preparations and its problems. 2. Inadequacy of the heat treatment of factor concentrates on the inactivation of non-A, non-B hepatitis virus]. PMID- 3145995 TI - [Improvement in anti-hemophilic preparations and its problems. 3. Treatment of hemophilia patients with inhibitors; induction of immune tolerance by a low or intermediate dose regimen]. PMID- 3145996 TI - [Improvement in anti-hemophilic preparations and its problems. 4. Factor VIII preparation (RCG-5) with intermediate purity and potency]. PMID- 3145997 TI - [Improvement in anti-hemophilic preparations and its problems. 5. Stability and oral administration of factor VIII and IX concentrates]. PMID- 3145998 TI - [Improvement in anti-hemophilic preparations and its problems. 7. Present status and future aspect of anti-hemophilic preparations]. PMID- 3145999 TI - [Changes in exercise-induced plasminogen activator activity]. PMID- 3146000 TI - [Refractory anemia associated with pure red cell aplasia-like syndrome and various autoantibodies after a 7-year observation]. PMID- 3146001 TI - [Hemostatic control in a patient with von Willebrand disease accompanied with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 3146002 TI - Age-related and diabetes-associated glycation in tissue proteins. PMID- 3146003 TI - Collagen-glycation in the aorta as a developmental factor of aging and arteriosclerosis. PMID- 3146004 TI - A monoclonal antibody to a human mast cell/myeloid leukaemia-specific antigen binds to normal haemopoietic progenitor cells and inhibits colony formation in vitro. AB - An antigen identified by murine monoclonal antibody YB5.B8 has previously been detected only on acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia (ANLL) cells and tissue mast cells. We now report that the YB5.B8 antigen is present on a minor population (up to 3%) of normal bone marrow mononuclear cells which overlaps the set of progenitor cells capable of forming haemopoietic colonies in vitro. The results indicate that the antigen is a normal haemopoietic progenitor cell marker which is selectively retained on mast cells during maturation, and that leukaemias which express the antigen are not necessarily committed to the mast cell lineage. Furthermore, the antibody was capable of partially inhibiting the formation of haemopoietic colonies in vitro, indicating an important functional role for the antigen. This is consistent with the observation, reported in the accompanying paper, that expression of the YB5.B8 antigen is strongly correlated with poor response to therapy in patients with ANLL. PMID- 3146005 TI - Rearrangement of T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in childhood acute mixed lineage leukaemia. AB - Rearrangement of the beta and gamma chain genes of the TCR gene complex and of the Ig heavy chain genes were examined in three cases of childhood acute mixed lineage leukaemia. Blast cells, classified morphologically as acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in one child and acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL) in the other two, all co-expressed markers associated with both T (CD7, TdT) and myeloid (CD33) cells. Cytogenetic analysis detected abnormalities associated with myeloid leukaemia. Immunoglobulin heavy chain genes were not rearranged in two patients but a novel rearrangement was seen in the third. No rearrangement of the beta or gamma chains of the T-cell receptor complex were seen. Acute mixed lineage leukaemia may thus arise from a pluripotent precursor cell capable of both lymphoid and myeloid differentiation. PMID- 3146006 TI - A grid system and a microsyringe for single cell recording. AB - The designs of two instruments are presented which have proven to be useful in single cell and chemical injection studies performed in awake monkeys. The first is a plastic grid that acts as a guide to produce parallel penetrations with either a microelectrode or microsyringe. The second is a syringe for injecting microliter quantities of a solution that also allows recording of neuronal activity. PMID- 3146007 TI - [A 20-year-old man with focal motor seizures and paralysis of the left upper limb]. PMID- 3146008 TI - Liver adenosine triphosphate and pH in fasted and well-fed mice after infusion of adenine nucleotide precursors. AB - Nutrition is a factor which may affect the liver energy charge. Experiments were performed to determine the effect of starvation and of ATP precursors, adenine and ribose on liver energy stores. The 31P NMR spectra of well-fed and starved mice livers were studied in a perfusion system using Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB). The ATP precursors, adenine (20 mmol/l) and ribose (80 mmol/l), were then added to determine their effect. Their effect on the ATP dynamics during ischemia and reperfusion were then evaluated. The effects of adenine alone and ribose alone were then determined. The 31P spectra of well-fed mice demonstrated high ATP content relative to Pi, phosphoesters and phospholipids. Animals starved for 24 h showed very low ATP, high Pi and little or no detectable phospholipids. In starved animals, ATP rose steadily to approximately 50% above the baseline level when precursors were added. Pi decreased to 30% of the baseline after 40 min. Little change was noted in well-fed animals. The rate of ATP decay did not change with the onset of ischemia, whether the livers were perfused with KHB alone or KHB with precursors. Upon reperfusion, precursors improved the recovery of ATP (81% vs 49% after 20 min ischemia, 44% vs 34% after 30 min ischemia). Addition of adenine alone produced similar results, but addition of ribose alone did not significantly alter ATP recovery. In conclusion, supplying starved or post ischemic livers with adenine or ribose and adenine does improve ATP levels. PMID- 3146009 TI - Suppression of antibody dependent cytotoxicity to Trypanosoma cruzi in chronic chagasic mice after treatment with nifurtimox. PMID- 3146010 TI - Predicting the carcinogenicity of the aromatic amine derivatives tested in the second UKEMS Collaborative Study. AB - The carcinogenicity prediction and battery selection (CPBS) procedure was used to analyze the short-term in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity results obtained during the Second UKEMS Collaborative Study. In accordance with preliminary animal bioassay results, CPBS predicted correctly the carcinogenicity of benzidine, 4,4" diaminoterphenyl and 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene. CPBS predicted the non carcinogenicity of 4-cyanodimethylaniline, a chemical of as yet unknown carcinogenicity. Moreover, CPBS indicated that for the chemicals included in the UKEMS study, highly predictive as well as cost-effective batteries consisting of three short-term assays could be identified. PMID- 3146011 TI - Testing human faecal extracts for genotoxic activity with the SOS Chromotest: the importance of controlling for faecal enzyme activity. AB - Two aqueous extracts of human faeces were prepared from a healthy male donor and assayed in the SOS Chromotest. Both extracts were positive in microtitre fluctuation tests in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA(pKM101). Differences were observed in the induction factors of these samples when p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (p-NPG) and o-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (o-NPG) were used as substrates for the beta galactosidase assay in the SOS Chromotest. With one sample, a positive induction factor was reproducibly obtained using p-NPG but not o-NPG. When the bacterial cells were washed with fresh LB broth before enzyme assay, the positive induction factor obtained with p-NPG was reduced to an insignificant level. During the 2-h treatment period, both faecal samples enhanced bacterial growth above that of the zero-dose control. When SOS Chromotest assays were performed with no bacteria or with S. typhimurium TA100 or hisG46 (non-lactose fermenting organisms) in place of E. coli PQ37, it was found that the extracts contained significant levels of endogenous beta-galactosidase and alkaline phosphatase, which, due to their carry over in the bacterial pellet (after centrifugation to remove the coloured extract) gave rise to the positive induction factor obtained with p-NPG. The results obtained in these experiments indicate that where the SOS Chromotest is applied to biological samples, care should be taken in the interpretation of the data and that a washing step should be included to prevent possible errors occurring due to exogenous enzymes in the sample. PMID- 3146012 TI - A further insight into the mechanism of action of anthracycline antibiotics. AB - The uptake of Adriamycin (ADM) by eucaryotic and procaryotic cells and the interaction of the antibiotic with structurally organized DNA were investigated. The aim of this work was to understand why ADM is endowed with very low antibiotic activity in spite of being highly cytotoxic for mammalian cells, and to get a further insight into the mechanism of action of this compound. Spectrophotometric, fluorometric, chiroptical, and electron microscopic techniques were used. The drug was shown to concentrate in mammalian cells but failed to do so in bacteria and penetrated rather poorly in Candida albicans. The chromatin binding affinity of ADM appeared to be substantially reduced with respect to the affinity for free DNA. Complex stereochemistry was also influenced by the presence of nucleosomal arrangements in the polynucleotide. In addition, evidence was obtained that the antibiotic tended to accumulate at specific (linker) chromatin regions and to cause extensive compaction of organized DNA. The observed phenomena may play a relevant role in the mode of drug action in eucaryotic cells and help to explain the lack of antibacterial activity by ADM in spite of the apparent attainment of great enough intracellular levels to affect DNA template function. PMID- 3146013 TI - Comparison of virus isolation, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy for the diagnosis of animal viruses. AB - Results of 539 virus-positive samples from animals during the past three years were analyzed to determine the sensitivity of three different techniques i.e. virus isolation (VI), direct immunofluorescence (DFA), and electron microscopy (EM). The results showed that most of the positive cases were diagnosed with the help of all three techniques, either alone or in different combinations. While VI and DFA were more effective for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea, pseudorabies and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses, EM was more sensitive for the detection of rota- and coronaviruses. The need for selective use of these tests for rapid diagnosis and the role of different factors affecting the sensitivity of these tests are discussed. PMID- 3146014 TI - [Insulin secretion and insulin resistance in patients failing to respond to oral hypoglycemic agents]. PMID- 3146015 TI - Isolation and characterization of EG2158, a new strain of Bacillus thuringiensis toxic to coleopteran larvae, and nucleotide sequence of the toxin gene. AB - A novel strain of Bacillus thuringiensis was isolated from soybean grain dust from Kansas and found to be toxic to larvae of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle). The strain (EG2158) synthesized two parasporal crystals: a rhomboid crystal composed of a 73116 dalton protein of approximately 30 kDa. Plasmid transfer and gene cloning experiments demonstrated that the 73 kDa protein was encoded on an 88 MDa plasmid and that the protein was toxic to the larvae of Colorado potato beetle (CPB). The sequence of the 73 kDa protein, as deduced from the sequence of its gene (cryC), was found to have regions of similarity with several B. thuringiensis crystal proteins: the lepidopteran-toxic P1 proteins of var. kurstaki and berliner, the lepidopteran- and dipteran-toxic P2 (or CRYB1) protein of var. kurstaki, and the dipteran-toxic 130 kDa protein of var. israelensis. While B. megaterium cells harboring the cryC gene from EG2158 synthesized significant amounts of the 73 kDa CRYC protein, Escherichia coli cells did not. The cryC-containing B. megaterium cells produced rhomboid crystals that were toxic to CPB larvae. PMID- 3146016 TI - Regulation of nod gene expression in Bradyrhizobium japonicum. AB - The best inducers of nod::lacZ translational fusions in Bradyrhizobium japonicum are isoflavones, primarily genistein and daidzein. Upstream of the nodABC genes in B. japonicum is a novel gene, nodY, which is coregulated with nodABC. Measurements of the activity of lacZ fusions to the nodD gene of B. japonicum show that this gene is inducible by soybean seed extract and selected flavonoid chemicals. The induction of the nodY ABC and nodD operons appears to require a functional nodD gene, indicating that the nodD gene product controls its own synthesis as well as other nod genes. PMID- 3146017 TI - Cloning of the trp genes from the archaebacterium Methanococcus voltae: nucleotide sequence of the trpBA genes. AB - A cosmid bank of Methanococcus voltae DNA was obtained in Escherichia coli after ligation of partially HindIII-digested M. voltae DNA in the HindIII site of the transferable cosmid pVK100. The bank was used to perform complementation experiments with E. coli auxotrophic mutants. Five cosmids complementing trpA shared three adjacent HindIII fragments of 2.1, 2.3 and 14 kb. Two of these cosmids also complemented trpD and carried an additional 4.2 kb HindIII fragment. The trpA- and trpD- complementing regions were more precisely localized using Tn5 mutagenesis. A 1.7 kb PstI fragment, cloned into pUC9 in both orientations, was responsible for the trpA complementation. This fragment was sequenced and an open reading frame (ORF) of 852 nucleotides (ORFtrpA) encoding a 284 amino acid polypeptide of mol. wt. 31,938 was found. The amino acid sequence was compared with that of the alpha subunit of tryptophan synthase (trpA gene product) from nine eubacterial species and to the N-terminal part of the tryptophan synthase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (TRP5 gene product). Similarity varied from 24% (Brevibacterium lactofermentum) to 35% (S. cerevisiae). The nucleotide sequence of the region upstream from M. voltae ORFtrpA was determined and revealed the presence of an ORF of 1227 nucleotides (ORFtrpB) encoding a 409 amino acid polypeptide of mol. wt. 44,634. The polypeptide sequence was similar to the beta subunit of tryptophan synthase (trpB gene product) from six eubacterial species and to the C-terminal part of the tryptophan synthase of S. cerevisiae. Similarity varied from 49% (S. cerevisiae, B. lactofermentum) to 58% (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). This high conservation supports the hypothesis of a common ancestor for the trpA and trpB genes of archaebacteria, eubacteria and eucaryotes. M. voltae ORFtrpA and ORFtrpB, which are transcribed in the same direction, are separated by a 37 bp AT-rich region. Immediately upstream from ORFtrpB, the 3' end of an ORF homologous to E. coli and Bacillus subtilis trpF was found. As the trpD-complementing region was located upstream from the trpFBA sequenced region, the organization of trp genes in the archaebacterium might thus be trpDFBA. Such an organization resembles that of enteric eubacteria, in which the trpEDCFBA genes are grouped in a single operon. However, M. voltae ORFtrpA and ORFtrpB do not overlap, in contrast with what is found in most eubacteria. PMID- 3146018 TI - Functional analysis of the dna (Ts) mutants of Bacillus subtilis: plasmid pUB110 replication as a model system. AB - We determined the effect of various Bacillus subtilis dna(Ts) mutations on pUB110 and chromosomal replication. Leading strand DNA synthesis of pUB110, starting by a nick at the plasmid replication origin (oriU), is performed by DNA polymerase III, since replication is blocked at non-permissive temperature in thermosensitive mutants dnaD, dnaF, dnaH and dnaN known to cause thermosensitivity of the various subunits of DNA polymerase III. When the lagging strand origin (oriL) is exposed, the DnaG protein (DNA primase) alone, or in association with unknown protein(s) binds asymmetrically to oriL to form a primer that is also extended by DNA polymerase III. In oriL- plasmids like pBT32, leading and lagging strand DNA syntheses are decoupled from each other. The DnaB protein, that is not required for pUB110 replication, may be associated with priming at a second unidentified lagging strand origin on pBT32. At non permissive temperature, the dnaC30 and dnaI2 mutations affect both pUB110 and chromosomal DNA synthesis. PMID- 3146020 TI - Functional expression of Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum genes in Escherichia coli K12. AB - Gene libraries from the magnetotactic bacterium, Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum were constructed in Escherichia coli with cosmids pLAFR3 and c2RB as vectors. Recombinant cosmids able to complement the thr-1, leuB, and proA mutations of the host were identified. The Pro+ recombinant cosmid restored wild-type phenotype in proA and proB but not in the proC mutants of E. coli. The results of restriction endonuclease digestion and Southern hybridization analysis indicate that the relevent leu and pro biosynthetic genes of A. magnetotacticum are not closely linked on the chromosome. PMID- 3146019 TI - The mglB sequence of Salmonella typhimurium LT2; promoter analysis by gene fusions and evidence for a divergently oriented gene coding for the mgl repressor. AB - The mglB gene of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 coding for the galactose-binding protein (GBP) was sequenced. We compared the deduced amino acid sequence with the GBP sequence of Escherichia coli K 12. The mature proteins differ in only 19 of 309 amino acid residues, corresponding to 94% homology. Analysis of the mglB control region by promoter-probe vectors revealed that two promoters, P1 and P2, constitute the mgl control region (Pmgl). P1 and P2 function in a synergistic way. P1 is the main promoter of the operon; its activity is 20 times the activity of P2. Both promoters are activated by the cyclic adenosine monophosphate catabolite activator protein (cAMP/CAP) complex. While P1 is inactive in the absence of the cAMP/CAP complex, there is residual activity of P2 under these conditions. Studies on the inducibility of the mglBAEC operon using multicopy plasmid promoter-probe vectors were hampered by the titration of the mgl repressor resulting in a partially constitutive expression of the mgl operon. The results indicate that only P1 is responding to induction by D-fucose. A weak promoter, PD, within the P1 region but divergent to it was found. PD is neither stimulated by the cAMP/CAP complex nor by D-fucose. We cloned the gene located downstream to PD and found it to strongly repress the expression of the mgl operon. We termed this gene mglD. The presence of D-fucose abolished the repression caused by the plasmid-encoded mglD gene product. PMID- 3146021 TI - Rapid changes in the expression of inhibin alpha-, beta A-, and beta B-subunits in ovarian cell types during the rat estrous cycle. AB - Distributions of inhibin alpha-, beta A-, and beta B-subunits in different ovarian compartments were studied in cycling female rats by in situ hybridization with complementary RNA probes and using immunohistochemical localization with antibodies selective for each inhibin subunit. Consistent with earlier studies showing inhibin production by granulosa cells of maturing follicles, we also detected mRNAs for inhibin alpha-, beta A-, and beta B-subunits in granulosa cells of these follicles. However, based on immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we found that inhibin alpha- is not only expressed in granulosa cells of mature follicles but in follicles at all stages of maturation, including primary to tertiary follicles. A number of primordial follicles also contained alpha mRNA and immunodetectable alpha-subunit. Interestingly, theca interna and interstitial gland cells contained inhibin alpha mRNA and alpha-subunit. Low levels of inhibin alpha immunoreactivity as well as specific hybridization to the complementary inhibin alpha mRNA probe were observed in newly formed luteal tissue. beta-Subunits, on the other hand, were detected exclusively in granulosa cells of healthy tertiary follicles. The changes in expression of inhibin alpha-, beta A-, and beta B-subunits were more pronounced during the follicular phase of the cycle: inhibin alpha reached its highest level in granulosa cells, theca interna, and interstitial gland cells a few hours after the LH/FSH surge, while at the same time the beta-subunits decreased dramatically in granulosa cells of mature follicles. Immediately before ovulation (estrus 0200 h), the alpha-subunit sharply declined in preovulatory follicles and was present mainly in granulosa cells from nonovulatory follicles at various stages of maturation. At that time, the beta A- and beta B-subunits could not be detected in preovulatory follicles but were localized mainly in small tertiary follicles (less than 300 microns). Unlike for the alpha- and beta B-subunits, beta A mRNA and immunoreactivity was present in large tertiary follicles (approximately 600 microns) immediately before ovulation. The present findings support the hypothesis that a decrease in inhibin production could be responsible for the secondary FSH surge observed early on estrus. This could be initiated by a change in the ratios of activin inhibin production by decreasing first, the levels of beta-subunits, second, the levels of alpha-subunit, and third, by a resurgence of activin A produced mainly by granulosa cells from large tertiary follicles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3146023 TI - A molecular-mechanics study of the conformation of the interchain disulfide of human immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4). AB - The conformation of the interchain disulfide bond between the light and the heavy chains of human immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) was modeled based on the known structure of a human IgG1 Fab. Exploration of a large number of conformations followed by energy minimization using molecular mechanics methods rendered a plausible model for the disulfide. In this model the disulfide adopts the long, trans-gauche trans configuration found in immunoglobulin intrachain bridges and not the conformations most commonly observed in other proteins (left-handed spiral or right-handed hook). Heavy chain residues H217 and H218 pack tightly against the disulfide and put restrictions on which sequences can exist in the proposed conformation. Sequence analysis at these positions shows that: (a) all human IgG4 and IgG3 are compatible with the model; (b) IgG2 and human immunoglobulins of other classes cannot adopt the conformation proposed for IgG4. PMID- 3146022 TI - Immunochemical studies on pneumococcal type 37 capsular polysaccharide. AB - Pneumococcal type 37 capsular polysaccharide was obtained free of contaminants by affinity chromatography on Con-A, wheat germ agglutinin, Maclura pomifera lectin and HOPC-8 mouse myeloma protein affinity columns. The immunochemical reactivity of native and periodate oxidized borohydride reduced type 37 polysaccharide antigen with polyclonal rabbit and monoclonal mouse anti-Pn37 hybridoma antibodies was studied by quantitative precipitation. Quantitative hapten inhibition studies, employing the isomeric series of alpha- and beta-(1----2), (1 ---3), (1----4) and (1----6)-linked glucobioses as competitive inhibitors of antibody precipitation establish a specificity for anti-Pn37 antibody directed at least in part, against the Glc beta(1----2) Glc (sophorosyl) unit. A high mol. wt, D-glucose containing polysaccharide antigen, cross-reactive with rabbit anti Pn37 is reported which was found to occur in the culture medium of 7 of 19 strains of Actinomyces examined. PMID- 3146024 TI - Two pseudogenes among three rat immunoglobulin lambda chain genes. AB - In order to examine the number and organization of the immunoglobulin lambda light chain genes of the rat, we have used mouse lambda chain cDNA probes to isolate hybridizing fragments from a partial EcoRI rat liver DNA library. We have determined the partial nucleotide sequence of two such clones. One clone, containing a 5.8 kb EcoRI insert which hybridizes to both mouse C lambda 1 and C lambda 2 probes, includes an apparently expressible C lambda 2-like gene as well as a C lambda 1-like pseudogene (psi C lambda 1.1), arranged similarly to the mouse C lambda gene complexes. Sequence analysis of a second cloned EcoRI fragment (1.15 kb in length) revealed part of a second C lambda 1-like pseudogene (psi C lambda 1.2), the coding regions of both pseudogenes being interrupted by multiple frame-shifting size differences. In the case of psi C lambda 1.2, the degree of sequence identity with mouse C lambda 1 drops abruptly immediately following the termination codon, suggesting that translocation events have played a role in its generation. These two rat pseudogenes, and the mouse C lambda 4 pseudogene, clearly have been rendered unexpressible by separate evolutionary events. Comparisons between C lambda coding and non-coding regions of rats and mice indicate that some of the unusual patterns of divergence we have observed in recently diverged Ck genes may exist in C lambda genes as well. PMID- 3146025 TI - Hybridoma fusion cell lines contain an aberrant kappa transcript. AB - The V region sequence of a non-productive kappa transcript from two myeloma fusion partners has been determined. This transcript has an aberrant VJ recombination site resulting in a translation stop site at position 105. It is variably expressed in hybridomas made from all fusion partners derived from the original MOPC-21 tumor. The amount of this transcript may greatly exceed levels of the productive light chain mRNA. PMID- 3146026 TI - Aflatoxin contamination of groundnuts in Sudan. AB - Groundnut samples, collected soon after harvest, from different districts in the irrigated region (Central Sudan) were free from aflatoxins with the method used. Samples collected from the rainfed region (Western Sudan) showed variable levels of aflatoxin ranging from 100% sample contamination in El Hamdi to only 10% in Casgeal. Damaged pods were highly contaminated with A. flavus and accumulated large amounts of aflatoxins. However, sound intact pods, recorded lower fungal contamination and were almost free of aflatoxins. Groundnut products collected from Khartoum North (Bahri) have higher levels of aflatoxins than those collected from Khartoum and Umdorman. Gray and red roasted pods showed higher amounts of aflatoxins, while the groundnut past was the least contaminated. None of the three varieties of groundnuts tested in this work was completely resistant to aflatoxin production. A temperature of 30 degrees C and 86.3% relative humidy (RH) are the optimum conditions for both A. flavus growth and aflatoxin production in groundnuts. PMID- 3146027 TI - Effect of aflatoxin B1 on the delayed type hypersensitivity and phagocytic activity of reticuloendothelial system in chickens. AB - Efforts were made to see the effect of feeding aflatoxin B1 at 0.3 ppm level on various aspects of the immune system in chickens. The birds were fed aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) mixed ration from 0 to 6 weeks of age and thereafter normal feed was given up to 12 weeks of age. The delayed type hypersensitivity reaction of these birds was assessed by contact sensitivity to Dinitrofluorobenzene. The dietary AFB1 significantly suppressed the cell mediated immune response at all the three periods tested (30, 45 and 60 days of age). The toxin showed residual effect on immunity as the suppression of cell mediated immunity was maximum three days after the withdrawal of toxin from the feed. The effect of AFB1 on the phagocytic status of reticulo endothelial system (RES) was assessed by colloidal carbon clearance test at various intervals. The residual effect of toxin was observed on RES too as phagocytic index of AFB1 fed birds was significantly lowered up to 45 days of age. PMID- 3146028 TI - The effect of wheat sprout extract on benzo(a)pyrene and 7,2 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene activity. AB - Subcutaneous application of aqueous wheat sprout extract to mice resulted in a slight decrease of the ability of fraction S-9 from their skin to activate DMBA to metabolites mutagenic for S. typhimurium TA 98. Induction by benzo(a)pyrene of sperm abnormalities in mice was diminished after oral administration of the wheat sprout extract; however, even high doses of the extract did not completely abolish the effect of benzo(a)pyrene on spermatozoa. In the carcinogenicity studies, the wheat sprout extract, when applied to mouse skin during the initiation phase, enhanced fourfold the induction of papillomas by DMBA and shortened the period of latency from 9 to 5 weeks. PMID- 3146029 TI - [Evaluation of surgical renal revascularization in renovascular arterial hypertension. Measurement by 99m Tc DTPA scintigraphy]. AB - The effects of surgical renal revascularization on both hypertension and kidney function was assessed in 16 patients with renovascular hypertension (14 unilateral). We have taken a special interest to the split renal function studied with DTPA renogram. The function of the operated kidney was improved in 9 patients and not improved (worsened or unchanged) in 7. Hypertension was cured in 25% and improved in 56% of the patients, without correlation with split renal function outcome. PMID- 3146030 TI - Effects of beta-alanine treatment on the taurine and DNA content of the rat heart and retina. AB - Experimental evidence has suggested that the high endogenous levels of taurine found in the rat heart and retina are maintained to a large extent by transport processes out of the blood, rather than by endogenous biosynthesis. When these high levels are depleted, dysfunction ensues. In vitro studies have shown that beta-alanine is a good antagonist of these transport processes. The current studies were done to evaluate the feasibility of depleting heart and retinal taurine levels in vivo through treatment of adult rats either orally or with injections of beta-alanine. None of the treatments had significant effects on retinal taurine content; ventricular taurine was reduced in some situations, but the effects were not maintained, nor as large as with another transport antagonist. No functional changes were observed. Oral treatment with beta-alanine had fewer obvious side effects than injections, but all treated rats had body weights less than age-matched controls. PMID- 3146032 TI - Ontogenetic changes in laminar distribution of ornithine decarboxylase during development of cerebellar cortex: autoradiographic localization with [3H]alpha difluoromethylornithine. AB - Ornithine decarboxylase is the first enzyme in the biosynthesis of the polyamines, which control macromolecule synthesis during cellular development. Polyamines appear to play a critical role in the development of the rat cerebellar cortex, since postnatal treatment with the specific irreversible ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, alpha-difluoromethylornithine, arrests cell division and migration in this region. To determine whether the distribution of ornithine decarboxylase within the developing cerebellar cortex correlates with specific maturational events, [3H]alpha-difluoromethylornithine, a specific marker for ornithine decarboxylase activity, was localized autoradiographically in 3-13-day-old rats. The density of autoradiographic grains within the cerebellar cortex as a whole paralleled the postnatal rise and fall of biochemically determined ornithine decarboxylase activity. Superimposed on this pattern was a selective laminar distribution of label which indicated specific association of ornithine decarboxylase with cell replication, as shown by preferential labeling of the superficial (mitotic) zone of the external granule cell layer. In addition, ornithine decarboxylase activity was temporally associated with regions in which post-mitotic cells were undergoing migration, axonogenesis and dendritic arborization, as shown by the patterns obtained in deeper layers. In contrast, there was no evidence for an association between ornithine decarboxylase activity and synaptogenesis, gliogenesis or myelination. These results, in combination with previous biochemical and morphological data, support the view that the ornithine decarboxylase/polyamine system plays an important role in both mitotic and post-mitotic events within the nervous system. PMID- 3146031 TI - Developmental pattern of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase and NAD glycohydrolase in the brain of the fetal and neonatal rat. AB - Poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase and NAD glycohydrolase were examined in nuclear fractions from rat brain at sequential times during late fetal and the first two weeks of neonatal life. In whole brain, both enzymes were demonstrable at all stages of development, but followed separate patterns. Activity of the synthetase which was greatest in fetal life, fell steadily with fetal maturation from 3.90 +/- 0.06 nmol/mg DNA at 16 days, to reach a nadir of 1.36 +/- 0.09 nmol/mg DNA on the 4th postnatal day. Subsequently it underwent a non sustained neonatal rise reaching a peak of 2.46 +/- 0.07 nmol/mg DNA on the 8th day. By contrast, NAD glycohydrolase activity increased steadily throughout late fetal and during the first two weeks of neonatal life, from 12.77 +/- 0.40 nmol/mg DNA on day 16 of gestation to 25.80 +/- .95 nmol/mg DNA on neonatal day 12. In neonatal cerebellum the activity of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase was greater at 8 than at 4 days, could be stimulated with graded concentrations of sonicated DNA up to 100 micrograms, but was inhibited by higher concentrations of DNA and by all concentrations of exogenous histone. In an in vitro culture system of fetal rat brain cells, the activity of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase increased steadily over six days. Cycloheximide 10(-3) M completely inhibited the activity of this enzyme. NAD glycohydrolase activity increased progressively in vitro, and after 6 days in cycloheximide (10(-3) M), the cultures contained significantly greater levels of enzyme activity. It is suggested that changing activities of poly (ADP ribose) synthetase and NAD glycohydrolase could both provide potential markers for brain cell differentiation in this system. PMID- 3146033 TI - Differential effects of ascending neurons containing dopamine and noradrenaline in the control of spontaneous activity and of evoked responses in the rat prefrontal cortex. AB - The medial prefrontal cortex receives converging projections from the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, dopaminergic cells from the ventral tegmental area dn noradrenergic cells from the locus coeruleus. Stimulation of the ventral tegmental area inhibits the spontaneous activity of prefrontal cortical neurons and blocks the excitatory response evoked by stimulation of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (10 Hz). The aim of the present study was to compare the influence of dopaminergic and noradrenergic afferents on the spontaneous and evoked activity of medial prefrontal cortical neurons. In ketamine-anaesthetized rats, repetitive stimulation (20 Hz, 10 s) of the locus coeruleus produced a long lasting post-stimulus inhibition (mean duration: 45 s) of the spontaneous activity of 56% of the tested cells. This effect was decreased markedly following selective destruction of the ascending noradrenergic pathways (local 6-hydroxy dopamine injection) or depletion of cortical catecholamines by alpha-methyl-para tyrosine pretreatment, suggesting that these inhibitory responses are mediated by noradrenergic neurons. The excitatory response to mediodorsal thalamus nucleus stimulation (10 Hz) could still be evoked during the post-stimulus inhibitory period induced by locus coeruleus stimulation (20 Hz, 10 s) resulting in the enhancement of signal-to-noise ratio. On the other hand, a population of prefrontal cortex neurons (26%) was found to be reproducibly activated by noxious tail pinch. This evoked response was still present during the post-stimulus inhibitory period induced by locus coeruleus stimulation but was completely suppressed during stimulation of the ventral tegmental area (10 Hz). In conclusion, these results indicate that the dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems exert a completely distinct control of information transfer in the medial prefrontal cortex. PMID- 3146034 TI - Modulatory actions of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone on electrical activity of preoptic neurons in brain slices. AB - Single unit activity was recorded from 378 neurons, in two preoptic nuclei rich in luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons, using in vitro brain tissue slices which were prepared form either ovariectomized or ovariectomized plus estradiol-treated rats. To test possible transmitter-like actions, agents were injected into the perfusion medium. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone excited 46%, inhibited 7%, and evoked biphasic responses in 2% of the 250 units tested. By comparison, two other peptides, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and cholecystokinin-octapeptide sulfated were exclusively excitatory, acting on 55 and 67% of the neurons, respectively. The response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone, cholecystokinin-octapeptide sulfated, and neurotransmitters were prompt, large, and consistent from trial to trial. In contrast, responses to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone were usually delayed, small, and variable. Responses to the agents tested were not affected by in vivo estradiol treatment. Possible modulatory actions of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone were tested by comparing the responses of single neurons to norepinephrine and serotonin before and after an application of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. In 39 and 20% of the 119 neurons tested, the norepinephrine responses were potentiated and attenuated, respectively, by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. In 46 serotonin-responsive neurons, 28% were potentiated and 22% attenuated. These neuromodulatory actions of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone were specific in affecting only certain responses of certain neurons, and they were not duplicated on the same neurons by thyrotropin-releasing hormone. It appears that luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone may be a neuromodulator in the preoptic area. PMID- 3146035 TI - Mechanisms of recovery in MPTP-induced parkinsonism. PMID- 3146036 TI - Reorganization of cerebellar cell suspension transplanted into the weaver mutant cerebellum and immunohistochemical detection of synaptic formation. AB - Dissociated cells prepared from the cerebellar primordia of normal 15-day mouse embryos were grafted into the cerebellum of 1-month-old weaver mutant mice which are characterized by degeneration of cerebellar granule cells during the early postnatal period. The growth of the grafted cells was investigated at 1 month after the operation. Implanted cells were highly developed to form a large mass of tissue in the host cerebellar folia. Histological examination revealed that a trilaminar cortical structure was partially developed in certain areas of the grafted tissue. The implanted granule-like cells were labeled with [3H]thymidine which was injected into the host, suggesting that the granule-like cells actively proliferate in the host cerebellum after the transplantation. In this area, strong immunoreactivity with synapsin I was detected indicating that the dissociated granule cells of the cerebellar primordia are able to develop a synaptic organization in the weaver mouse cerebellum. PMID- 3146037 TI - Nutritional assessment of surgical patients. AB - In order to test the sensitivity and specificity of the East Orange Nutritional Screening Form (EONSF), nutritional assessments were performed on a random sample of 10% of general medical/surgical admissions at a large midwestern veteran's administration hospital. Patients were followed until discharge to determine if they met the standard criteria of additional nutritional support. The tool correctly identified patients at nutritional risk (sensitivity) 95% of the time and patients not at nutritional risk (specificity) 89% of the time. It proved to be an effective, low-cost tool for identifying patients at risk and for planning appropriate nutritional strategies. PMID- 3146038 TI - Patient care monitoring review at a psychiatric hospital for adolescents. AB - Patient care monitoring review (PCMR) allows a mental health facility's professional staff to collectively address difficult cases. The Devereux Center, a psychiatric hospital in Kennesaw, Georgia, conducted a study examining its PCMR system's effectiveness in individual cases. The study also looked at PCMR cases in aggregate to identify problematic trends in patient care. Findings showed that the hospital's PCMR system was generally effective: Few patient cases were referred to PCMR more than once for the same or similar reasons, and most recommendations made by the PCMR committee were followed by the hospital's direct care staff. Aggregate analysis of PCMR cases identified several patient groups whose needs could be better met through more individualized and specialized forms of care. As a result of the study, several improvements were made in both the hospital's structure of care and the PCMR system. PMID- 3146039 TI - A study of change in clinical service for general surgical patients. AB - The department of surgery at Long Island Jewish Medical Center in New York City conducted a study examining resource consumption and quality of care for patients referred to surgery from other hospital services, or "referred patients." Referred patients were compared with "nonreferred" surgery patients using several indicators of resource consumption. A quality assessment was also performed on a random sample from both groups using peer review organization guidelines. The study found that referred patients consumed more resources and may have received poorer quality care than nonreferred patients. Previous studies suggest that some resource utilization by referred patients may be avoidable. Thus, referral to the department of surgery may serve as an indicator for identifying patients in need of ongoing quality and/or utilization monitoring. PMID- 3146040 TI - Quality assurance in health care: current challenges and future directions. PMID- 3146041 TI - Growth and development of physicians in quality assurance: an ontogeny for quality assurance managers. PMID- 3146042 TI - Peer reviewer agreement for major anesthetic mishaps. AB - In a study of peer reviewer agreement for major anesthetic mishaps, 42 anesthesiologists performed a standardized peer review of 48 reports of anesthetic mishaps obtained from a national data base. The peer review group exhibited agreement (P less than 0.0001) for judgments on the appropriateness of clinical care, the presence or absence of human error, and the role of better monitoring in prevention of the mishap. Personal attributes of the reviewers (eg, type of practice, length of time in practice, and previous experience with mishap review) did not appear to influence agreement. The study findings suggest a highly favorable environment for the development of broadly recognized standards of care in anesthesiology. PMID- 3146043 TI - Calculating fall rates: methodological concerns. AB - The variety of methods used to determine and report patient fall rates has made it difficult for health care providers to compare fall rates between institutions and patient care areas. The two most common methods for calculating fall rates- the patient fall rate and the number of patients-at-risk--as well as alternative strategies using injury rates rather than fall rates are discussed and evaluated. The study recommends a classification system for injuries and suggests that until a universal index for fall rates is used, data be reported in various forms. PMID- 3146044 TI - Managed care: delivering quality and value. PMID- 3146045 TI - Analysis of the c-src gene product structure, abundance, and protein kinase activity in human neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cells. AB - We have compared in different human neuroblastoma cell lines and human glioblastoma cells the expression level, structure, and tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity of pp60c-src. Our results show that not all human neuroblastoma cell lines express pp60c-src molecules with amino-terminal structural alterations. In neuroblastoma cells which possess pp60c-src with altered gel migration, the diminished polyacrylamide gel mobility of pp60c-src was found not to be dependent upon amino-terminal phosphorylations since extensive treatment of these molecules with phosphatase did not significantly change their gel migration properties. Similar differences in gel migration were observed when RNA from the various neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cells was translated in vitro using either rabbit reticulocyte or wheat germ lysates. White the level of c-src mRNA in the different cells analyzed was found to be similar, the abundance of pp60c-src in these same cells was found to vary by as much as 12-fold. This suggests that the abundance of pp60c-src in human neuroendocrine tumors is regulated through post transcriptional and/or post-translational events which may be related to the stage of neuronal differentiation of the cells. Based upon determination of pp60c src abundance by immunoblot analysis, we demonstrate that pp60c-src molecules derived from human neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cells have very similar in vitro protein kinase activities. PMID- 3146046 TI - Different types of modification in c-fos and its associated protein p39: modulation of DNA binding by phosphorylation. AB - We have studied the biosynthesis and biochemical properties of the c-fos gene product and its associated protein (p39) in growth factor-stimulated fibroblasts. c-fos is a markedly acidic protein that is extensively post-translationally modified by phosphorylation and another type of modification not changing its relative molecular mass (Mr). More than 10 different forms of c-fos protein can be identified by two-dimensional gel analysis. In c-fos-transformed cells, however, most of the highly modified forms are missing. The affinity for DNA of less phosphorylated c-fos-protein complexes is higher than that of the highly modified ones. The transforming potential of c-fos protein and its affinity for DNA thus seems to be inversely correlated with the extent of its phosphorylation. In contrast to c-fos, p39 is a basic protein that is rendered even more basic by post-translational modification. Two other forms of p39 differing in specific domains of the protein (p41 and p43) were also found to be complexed with c-fos. PMID- 3146047 TI - Bovine mononuclear cell lines transformed by Theileria parva or Theileria annulata express different subpopulation markers. AB - Bovine mononuclear cell lines infected with the protozoan parasites Theileria annulata and T. parva have been studied with a panel of monoclonal antibodies reacting with bovine lymphocyte subpopulation markers. All infected lines are MHC class II positive, though the amount of class II antigen expressed varied between lines, and within individual lines there was variation in the proportion of positive cells from 100% with many, to less than 10%. All lines were negative for a macrophage/monocyte marker and for surface IgM. The T. parva lines tested were all positive for BoT4 or BoT8 or both, whereas T. annulata lines were uniformly negative for both of these markers. These results suggest that the two parasites preferentially infect different lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 3146048 TI - Macrophage-mediated cytostasis and lymphocyte cytotoxicity in cattle immunized with Theileria annulata sporozoites or macroschizont-infected cell lines. AB - Immunization with either sporozoites or macroschizont-infected cell lines protected calves against challenge with lethal doses of sporozoites of Theileria annulata. Stocks from India, Turkey and Morocco all conferred protective immunity to each other, irrespective of the immunizing regime. Although heterogeneous clinical responses were induced by the two immunizing regimes, both stimulated similar patterns of macrophage cytostasis as expressed as an inhibition of proliferation of macroschizont-infected cell lines. Macrophage cytostasis was detected consistently after immunization and after challenge, arising at the same time as macroschizonts were detectable. Its expression was sustained and inhibited the proliferation of both autologous and allogeneic (BoLA-mismatched) cell lines. In contrast, these two immunizing regimes differed in their ability to stimulate the production of cytotoxic cells. Calves immunized with autologous cell lines or sporozoites developed very transient populations of cytotoxic cells expressing only a low level of specific lysis for autologous infected cells; agglutinating antibodies for immunizing or autologous cell lines were not detected in these calves. Calves immunized with allogeneic cell lines produced cytotoxic cells which were specific only for the immunizing cell lines; these calves also produced antibodies which agglutinated the immunizing cell lines. PMID- 3146049 TI - Molecular and serological characteristics of the glutathione S-transferases of Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni. AB - When aqueous extracts of Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni adult worms are passed over columns of glutathione-conjugated agarose, two molecular species of Mr 26,000 and Mr 28,000 are detected in eluates as analysed by SDS-PAGE, these eluates having glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. The molecules, termed Sj26 and Sj28 from S. japonicum and Sm26 and Sm28 from S. mansoni, can be immunogenic in rabbits or mice and appear not to be linked together as subunits of GST heterodimers. The elution profile of SjGST (Sj26+Sj28) from glutathione columns resembles that of SmGST (Sm26+Sm28) and, by peptide mapping, radioiodinated Sj26 and Sm26 are related as are the two Mr 28,000 molecules. Similarities between radioiodinated Sj28 and Sm28 are also obvious on two dimensional gel electrophoresis with some differences being observed between Sj26 and Sm26. The Mr 28,000 molecules are more prominent than the Mr 26,000 molecules and, although Sj28 and Sm28 is a poor immunogen in mice, immunological cross reactivity between Sj28 and Sm28 is generally more readily detected than that between Sj26 and Sm26. Whether experimental vaccination against schistosomiasis japonica and schistosomiasis mansoni reported with cloned GSTs can be improved by incorporation of both Mr 28,000 and Mr 26,000 species into the vaccine remains to be determined. On this point, the present data suggest that vaccination of mice with Sj26 plus Sm28 should be a useful means of increasing antibody responses to the GSTs of S. japonicum. PMID- 3146050 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclic trypomastigotes: neutralization by the stage specific monoclonal antibody 1G7 and immunogenicity of 90 kD surface antigen. AB - In this study we have investigated the ability of the stage-specific monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 1G7 to neutralize the infectivity of Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclic trypomastigotes (Tulahuen strain). Mice inoculated with metacyclics pre-incubated with 1G7 or the corresponding Fab fragments were found to develop greatly reduced parasitaemias compared with control animals. Similar results were obtained when mice received 1G7 (0.5 mg/mouse) before challenge with metacyclics. The 90 kD surface protein recognized by MoAb 1G7 was affinity purified and analysed for its immunogenic properties. Immunization of mice with 90 kD antigen induced antibodies that reacted with the native metacyclic surface antigen. The purified antigen was also capable of specifically stimulating the 'in-vitro' proliferation of 90 kD-primed T-cells. Furthermore, in a preliminary experiment in which mice were immunized with the purified polypeptide and challenged with Tulahuen metacyclics, low parasitaemia levels were observed in 60% of animals as opposed to non-immunized controls. The iodinated 90 kD antigen, which has previously been shown to be ubiquitous among T. cruzi strains, was precipitated by different immune sera including various chagasic sera. PMID- 3146052 TI - The host-parasite relationship of Schistosoma haematobium in CBA mice. AB - The host-parasite relationships of two geographical isolates of Schistosoma haematobium in CBA mice are described and compared to previous reports on this parasite in other experimental hosts and in man. The mean percentage establishment of worms in mice was 17% and was not affected by the age or sex of the host. Adult worm burdens remained constant over 20 weeks, but were reduced after 18 months of infection. Male and female worms reached mean maximum lengths of 4.78 and 5.9 mm respectively. Egg laying commenced 9.5 weeks after infection and eggs accumulated in the tissues throughout the period of infection. A large increase in the rate of egg accumulation occurred coincidental with the appearance of eggs in the bladder of some mice. Faecal eggs were first observed in some mice at 12.5 weeks and most mice excreted a few eggs by 17 weeks p.i. (post-infection). Eggs were not found in the urine of infected mice. Excreted eggs and eggs isolated from the livers of infected mice hatched, but the resulting miracidia were unable to infect appropriate snail hosts. The development of hepatic granulomas and egg-induced pathology in the bladder of mice is described. PMID- 3146051 TI - Mesocestoides corti: parameters of infection in CBA/Ca mice and the effect of introducing a concomitant trematode infection. AB - CBA/Ca mice infected with the tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti were exposed to Schistosoma mansoni cercariae either simultaneously, or at varying intervals after the initial M. corti infection. Cohorts were infected with either parasite alone. The dual infected mice and the mice harbouring M. corti alone were significantly heavier than either naive controls or mice carrying the S. mansoni infection only. The livers and spleens from dual infection mice were also found to be significantly heavier than those from other groups. Free M. corti tetrathyridia were reduced in number in the peritoneal cavity of dual infected mice, as compared with mice harbouring a single infection. Furthermore, the intensity of the initial M. corti infection, as measured by the number of capsules surrounding parasites in the liver, was reduced when the mice experienced an S. mansoni infection 21 days later. The mice which were exposed to M. corti only exhibited more mast cells and eosinophils around encapsulated tetrathyridia in the liver than did dual infection mice, while cells surrounding S. mansoni egg granulomas in the liver were significantly increased in dual infection mice. An increase in serum alkaline phosphatase levels was detected in both the mice receiving the dual infection and the mice with the S. mansoni only infection, but not in mice harbouring M. corti alone. PMID- 3146054 TI - [A case of serological incompatibility in the Rh c system]. PMID- 3146053 TI - Antibody responses of rodents to a tegument membrane preparation from adult Schistosoma mansoni. AB - A preparation highly enriched in tegument membranes from adult worms has been used to probe rodent responses to schistosome surface antigens. All exposure regimens in mice stimulated levels of anti-tegument IgG, measurable by ELISA. Plateau levels of circulating antibody attained were similar after mixed-sex and male-only infections, and vaccination with tegument membranes. Female-only infections and exposure to irradiated cercariae stimulated lower levels of anti tegument antibody. Responses in rats were similar, but occurred more rapidly, probably due to the large initial parasite exposure. Although both mice and rats could be stimulated to produce high levels of anti-tegument antibody by multiple vaccination, consistent protection against a challenge was not obtained. Paradoxically, rats and mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae developed low levels of antibody to tegument membrane antigens but were highly resistant to challenge. It was concluded that, in the range of sera examined, antibody responses to schistosome tegument membranes did not correlate with the immune status of the host. PMID- 3146055 TI - [Principles of using blood preparation in children with hemophilia and other congenital hemorrhagic disorders]. PMID- 3146056 TI - [Cerebral circulation at rest and following CO2 stimulation in patients with unilateral carotid obstruction]. AB - Using the 16-detector 133Xe-NaCl-technique (Novo Cerebrograph) quantitative measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were performed in 14 patients with unilateral carotis obstruction before and during stimulation with 3% CO2 inhalation. In all patients resting studies did not show any significant differences in hemispheric perfusion. In 11 patients the hemispheric blood flow increased significantly (by more than 6%) during CO2 inhalation on the side without carotis obstruction. The following results were found after 3% CO2 stimulation over the hemisphere with the obstructed carotid artery: 1) rCBF increased significantly on both sides (n = 6) indicating the sufficiency of cerebral collateral circulation; 2) a side-to-side significant difference (n = 4) with the lower perfusion on the pathological side, indicating a decreased or suspended reserve capacity; and 3) bilateral loss of cerebrovascular reactivity (n = 4) as indicator of insufficiency of cerebral collateral circulation. Asymmetry in rCBF or missing cerebrovascular reserve are indications for surgical treatment of the carotis obstruction. PMID- 3146057 TI - Effects of dietary fat on long-term growth and mammary tumorigenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats given a low dose of DMBA. AB - The effects of dietary fat on experimental mammary cancer have typically been observed in relatively young animals. However, in human populations, breast cancer incidence and mortality are highest in postmenopausal women. To develop an animal model that stimulates the human situation more closely, female Sprague Dawley rats were given a relatively small dose (1.5 mg) of 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) at 50 days of age while on a semipurified diet containing 3% sunflower-seed oil. One week later, half of the 70 rats were transferred to a diet containing 20% sunflower-seed oil. Very few mammary lesions appeared until about 35 weeks after administration of DMBA, at which time palpable mammary nodules began to appear in many of the animals on the high-fat diet. More than half of the animals in this group had developed nodules by Week 41, whereas the other half of the animals on the low-fat diet developed nodules by Week 46. Rats on the high-fat diet gradually became much more obese than those on the low-fat diet and were significantly heavier at the time they developed lesions. The incidence of nodules continued to increase in both groups and reached 100% in the group fed the high-fat diet by Week 55, with a 70% incidence of adenocarcinomas. At this time, 79% of the animals on the low-fat diet had palpable nodules without a plateau in incidence being reached. On autopsy, adenocarcinomas were found in 57% of animals on the low-fat diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3146059 TI - Influence of Virginiamycin on yield of broilers fed four levels of energy. AB - An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary Virginiamycin on processing yields of broilers fed four levels of energy. Body weights (catch, slaughter) and carcass weights (dry shell and ready-to-cook) were recorded. Shrink (holding weight loss), water uptake, shell yield, and ready-to-cook yield of the carcasses were calculated. Body weights were higher at higher energy levels and with addition of Virginiamycin to the diets. Weight loss due to shrink declined from 5.39 to 3.89% at higher dietary energy levels, but shrink was not affected by Virginiamycin. Water uptake was significantly higher for carcasses of birds fed the lowest dietary energy level (3.49%) than for carcasses of birds fed the two highest energy levels (2.89 and 3.03%); but differences among water uptake of carcasses of birds fed the three highest energy levels were not significant. Water uptake was unaffected by Virginiamycin. Increasing the dietary energy level resulted in higher ready-to-cook yields, from 61.7% yield at 2,271 kcal ME/kg to 65.4% yield at 2,953 kcal ME/kg. Yield was increased from 63.3 to 64.0% (P less than .01) by dietary Virginiamycin. PMID- 3146058 TI - Effects of excess vitamin A and canthaxanthin on salivary gland tumors. AB - The effects of feeding semipurified diets supplemented with excess retinyl palmitate (20,000 and 100,000 IU/kg), beta-carotene (250 mg/kg), and canthaxanthin (250 mg/kg) on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced salivary gland tumors were studied in rats. None of the dietary supplements had a significant effect on tumor incidence. Tumor weights, however, tended to be lower in rats fed the dietary supplements compared with the controls. The incidence of tumor-bearing rats with large tumors was significantly lower in rats fed canthaxanthin than in the control rats. At termination of the experiment, the levels of vitamin A were higher in plasma, liver, normal salivary glands, and the tumor of rats fed diets supplemented with the higher level of retinyl palmitate. Feeding the canthaxanthin-supplemented diet had the opposite effect on tissue and plasma vitamin A levels. beta-Carotene supplementation was associated with higher vitamin A concentrations in the liver but not in plasma, salivary glands, or the tumor. The levels of beta-carotene were increased in tissues and plasma of rats fed the beta-carotene-supplemented diet. The results suggest that in this experimental model, the diet-induced modification of tissue or plasma vitamin A levels did not have an effect on tumor incidence. PMID- 3146060 TI - Preventive procedures and screening: balancing the benefits. PMID- 3146061 TI - [Dependence of changes in the luliberin level in the synaptosomal fraction of the olfactory bulbs and various areas of the hypothalamus on the level of sexual activity in male rats]. AB - The paper is devoted to a study of the level of LH-RH in the synaptosomal fraction of the olfactory bulbs, preoptic area and mediobasal hypothalamus, and the blood level of HL in adult male rats with sexual activity after noradrenergic denervation of the preoptic area using 6-hydroxydopamine. A neurotoxic effect of 0.1% solution of ascorbic acid, preventing 6-hydroxydopamine disintegration, was noted. Both sexual activity and the level of LH-RH in synaptosomes of the preoptic area were lowered in male rats with noradrenergic denervation of the preoptic area. The maximum blood level of LH was observed during exposure to a recipient female rat. LH-RH concentration in the synaptosomal fraction of the olfactory bulbs being raised, that in the mediobasal hypothalamus lowered. The results were indicative of the involvement of HL-RH-synthesizing cerebral neurons with terminals in the olfactory bulbs, preoptic area and mediobasal hypothalamus in the regulation of sexual behavior, and the interaction of LH-RH-containing terminals with noradrenergic nerve endings at the level of the preoptic area. PMID- 3146062 TI - [Somatoliberin: physiological role and clinical importance]. PMID- 3146063 TI - [A method of preservation of pathological specimens for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in tissue culture]. PMID- 3146064 TI - [Radioimmunologic and immunoenzyme methods of analysis of anti-tuberculosis antibodies]. PMID- 3146065 TI - The location, modification, and function of the fushi tarazu protein during Drosophila embryogenesis. AB - The fushi tarazu (ftz) protein of Drosophila is required during embryogenesis for the process of body segmentation. In order to study the biochemical properties of the ftz protein, ftz cDNA was expressed in E. coli, and the protein purified to homogeneity. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the purified protein were used to localize and quantitate the protein during embryogenesis. Three temporally and spatially distinct phases of expression were observed, which include a previously undetected period later in embryogenesis. During this last phase, the protein is localized in the developing hindgut. Analysis of embryonic ftz protein on Western blots permitted us to approximate the number of protein molecules per nucleus. During the blastoderm phase of development, when ftz protein is most abundant, we calculate that there are 15,000 molecules of protein per ftz-expressing nucleus. Since embryonic ftz protein migrates more slowly on SDS polyacrylamide gels than protein expressed either in E. coli, or in vitro in a reticulocyte lysate system, it is apparently modified in the embryo. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by Western blotting resolves the protein into a series of isoforms which have variable charge and electrophoretic mobility. When compared in its ability to bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner, it was also found that ftz protein partially purified from embryos binds with greater specificity than its bacterially expressed counterpart. In this paper, we demonstrate that embryonic ftz protein binds to a specific region within the ftz enhancer element. The potential relationship between these observations is discussed. PMID- 3146066 TI - Involvement of fos as a trans-acting factor in adipogenic gene expression. PMID- 3146067 TI - Photosensitized inactivation of DNA by monochromatic 334-nm radiation in the presence of 2-thiouracil: genetic activity and backbone breaks. PMID- 3146068 TI - [Current problems of neurologic intensive care medicine. Proceedings of the Neurologic Intensive Care Medicine Symposium with international participation. 6 February 1987, Berlin]. PMID- 3146069 TI - [Computer-assisted model trials of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics of the craniospinal system]. PMID- 3146070 TI - [The differential diagnostic significance of computerized tomography-assisted brain biopsy within the scope of intensive care neurology]. PMID- 3146071 TI - [Fatal pulmonary embolism following mitigated electroconvulsive therapy. A case report from the intensive care viewpoint]. PMID- 3146072 TI - [Pneumonia as a postoperative complication in neurosurgery]. PMID- 3146073 TI - [Evaluation of the specialty specific intensive care medicine at the Neurologic Clinic of the Charite]. PMID- 3146074 TI - [Cases at a neuropsychiatric intensive care unit--a retrospective analysis of 20 years]. PMID- 3146075 TI - [10 years' intensive care in the Schwerin district neurologic clinic--development and limits]. PMID- 3146076 TI - [The neurologic-neurosurgical emergency]. PMID- 3146077 TI - [Neurologic intensive care medicine in the territorial health service- requirements and possibilities]. PMID- 3146078 TI - [Intensive care management of stroke--an epidemiologic analysis]. PMID- 3146079 TI - [A concept in the therapy of ischemic insult]. PMID- 3146080 TI - [Ventilation therapy in specialty specific intensive care medicine]. PMID- 3146081 TI - [Intensive care problems in subarachnoid hemorrhage]. PMID- 3146082 TI - [Intracranial sinus and venous thromboses]. PMID- 3146083 TI - [Interferon and interferon-inducers in the therapy of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis]. PMID- 3146085 TI - [Cryptococcus neoformans--infection in AIDS]. PMID- 3146084 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of herpes simplex encephalitis]. PMID- 3146086 TI - [Acute polyneuropathies of the Landry type--differential diagnostic considerations]. PMID- 3146088 TI - [Plasmapheresis treatment in neurologic diseases--a report of experiences]. PMID- 3146087 TI - [Intensive therapy of myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 3146089 TI - [Delirium tremens and its treatment]. PMID- 3146090 TI - [Clinical neurophysiology in intensive care neurology--current status of development]. PMID- 3146091 TI - [Noninvasive and continuous intensive care monitoring of regional microcirculation of the brain by opto-encephalography]. PMID- 3146092 TI - [Possibility of intensive monitoring of the functional status of reticular brain stem structures]. PMID- 3146093 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of TRH stimulation test in depressed and nondepressed adolescents. AB - The thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test was carried out in 100 acutely hospitalized adolescents (ages 13-17 years) with a variety of diagnoses. The test was positive (delta max thyrotropin less than or equal to 7 microIU/ml) in 36.6% of adolescents with major depression, 20.8% with conduct disorders, 17% with adjustment disorders, and 43% with substance abuse disorders. A X2 analysis of the data showed no significant difference among these four diagnostic groups. The test was negative in adolescents with attention deficit disorder and dysthymic disorder. Comparison of the six diagnostic groups with regard to the amount of thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH) response to TRH stimulation indicated that the groups with major depression and substance abuse disorders had significantly lower values of delta max TSH than the other groups. TSH values did not differ significantly between males and females. Similarly, there were no significant age differences (younger adolescents vs. older adolescents). PMID- 3146094 TI - Essentials of psychoanalytic cure: a symposium. Introduction and survey of some previous views. AB - Friedman (1978) suggested that implicit in the theories of the psychoanalytic process a classification of three separate trends can be identified. In the first instance, there is what could be called "understanding," whether it be intellectual or emotional. Second, there is "attachment," which refers to curative measures based on some "binding emotional reaction to the analyst." And third, and less explicitly, there is "integration," which refers to the development of a synthesis that has the effect of harmonizing parts of the mind or elevating psychic functioning to a higher level. Freud's writings embodied all three of these trends. The participants of the symposium at Marienbad, being strongly influenced by Strachey's emphasis on superego alteration through introjection, placed the greater stress on attachment. Loewald, emphasizing as he does the importance of the patient's identification with the analyst as a corrective reliving of the origins of identification in childhood, highlights attachment while also relating it to understanding. Stone and Gitelson also focused on the beneficial aspects of the affective link to the analyst and the important function served by this link in facilitating understanding of the analyst's interpretation. At the Edinburgh conference, however, aside from Gitelson and Nacht, who viewed attachment as an integrating or structuring aspect of the analytic process, the participants placed their confidence almost completely on "understanding" strictly through interpretation. In the latest debate between the proponents of self psychology and the object relations approach proposed by Kernberg, many aspects of these previous discussions and controversies have resurfaced (Friedman, 1978). Kohut, utilizing Freud's concept that links gratification and minimal frustration together as the developer of structure, relied on the empathic bond between patient and analyst as a basic component of the process of cure. Kernberg, however, relying predominantly on the conveying of insight through interpretation, is suspicious that this emphasis on attachment might reduce the clarity of understanding and in general prevent meaningful change from occurring. This sounds very much like the reaction of most participants of the Edinburgh symposium to the proposals of Gitelson.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3146095 TI - Psychoanalytic cure. PMID- 3146096 TI - Aspects of psychoanalytic cure. PMID- 3146097 TI - Transference and the therapeutic process. PMID- 3146098 TI - A mother dies, a child denies: the reparative psychoanalytic process. A case study. PMID- 3146099 TI - Prolegomena to the study of Paul Ricoeur's Freud and philosophy. PMID- 3146100 TI - Apollo and Marsyas: a metaphor of creative conflict. PMID- 3146102 TI - The new genetics--options in costing exercises. PMID- 3146101 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor acts on the brain to reduce gastric contractility. AB - Various stressors (cold restraint, electric shock, etc.) applied to rats increase gastric contractility and are associated with gastric erosions. Intracisternal (i.c.) thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) increases contractility, gastric acid secretion and the incidence of erosion formation. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRF) is released by stress, and acting centrally produces autonomic and endocrine changes. We have studied the role of i.c. CRF on gastric contractility in anesthetized rats (n = 6). Contractility was measured by extraluminal force transducers sutured to the gastric corpus. Frequency, amplitude of contractions and a motility index were analyzed by computer. Baseline measures, after recovery from surgery were obtained in 24-hour fasted rats. Contractility was stimulated by intravenous carbachol (100 mg/kg/h) or i.c. injection of the TRH analog, RX 77368. Contractility thus induced was inhibited by intravenous atropine (1 mg/kg). CRF (30-1,000 ng i.c.) produced a dose-dependent suppression of RX 77368 (p less than 0.05) but had no effect on that induced by intravenous carbachol; saline i.c. had none either. Intravenous CRF was 1/10th as potent in suppressing contractions produced by i.c. RX 77368. Diminution of gastric contractions after i.c. CRF (1 mg) occurred within 5 min of administration, and lasted for at least 60 min. These data show that i.c. CRF injection acts centrally to inhibit gastric contractions stimulated centrally (i.e. by i.c. RX 77368) but not peripherally (i.e. by carbachol), and by inference reduces the risk of erosion formation induced by some stressors. PMID- 3146103 TI - Reducing non-attendance in an outpatient clinic. PMID- 3146104 TI - [Changes in lipid metabolism in rats with radiation sickness and a pronounced intestinal syndrome during parenteral feeding with lipofundin and infusolipol]. AB - Local X-irradiation of rat abdomen (13.5 Gy) caused a pronounced intestinal syndrome which was partially coped with by parenteral feeding. The results indicate (1) a satisfactory assimilation of fatty emulsions used at certain doses and with certain parenteral diet composition, (2) a favourable effect of fatty emulsions on lipid metabolism in irradiated rats, and (3) some advantages of the parenteral feeding with infusolipol over lipofundin S. PMID- 3146105 TI - Vestibular nuclei: afferent and efferent projections. PMID- 3146106 TI - The effect of behavioral state on the sensory processing of nociceptive and non nociceptive information. PMID- 3146107 TI - Adenosine receptors: clinical implications and biochemical mechanisms. PMID- 3146109 TI - [Hypomagnesemia in non-oliguric acute renal failure treated by parenteral nutrition. Study of its mechanism of action]. PMID- 3146108 TI - [Nutrition in hemodialysis patients]. PMID- 3146110 TI - [Bronchial aspirate in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3146111 TI - [Free extraperitoneal gas in an asymptomatic female patient]. PMID- 3146113 TI - [Evaluation of health expenditures in the first 6 months after the diagnosis of cancer using a population register]. AB - It is currently estimated in France, that the cost of cancer is rising to 25 billion francs, which represents approximately 6% of all health expenditure with an annual growth of 5-10%. The data from the Register of Tumors in the Doubs region have enabled us to make an evaluation of health expenditure, reimbursed by the social security system, and its distribution in relationship with the different posts (assessment, type of treatment, supervision, transport) according to the cancer site. The average cost per patient within the first 6 months of the illness has been evaluated at 26,000 F (1984). The results show major differences for the cancer sites, care facilities and posts which are budgeted for. PMID- 3146112 TI - [Epidemiologic surveillance of congenital abnormalities using the EUROCAT Register]. AB - The EUROCAT programme is a concerted action of the European Economic Community for the epidemiologic surveillance of congenital anomalies. Surveillance is based on a network of regional registries coordinated by a central registry. The programme started in 1979 and by 1987, 23 centres were participating, covering together more than 300,000 births per year. The surveillance process implies the selection of the anomalies possibly associated with environmental teratogens or mutagens, the definition of abnormal variations in the rate of these anomalies (the alarms), the establishment of base-line rate and the continuous monitoring of rate. The programme is evaluated by reference to four criteria: the sensitivity of the system in detecting teratogens or mutagens, the specificity of alarms, the rapidity in warning of alarm and in investigating their causes, and the programme efficiency expressed as its cost-utility ratio. PMID- 3146114 TI - [Distribution of bacteriophage types of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in France]. AB - The bacteriophage typing of M. tuberculosis enables separation of the strains of the species according to their sensitivity to certain bacteriophages. A relationship has been observed between the geographical origin of patients and the distribution of the phage types of their strains. This study related to a sample of 450 strains isolated between 1978 and 1987 in patients of French origin coming from different regions in France. An analysis of the data provided by the study indicates that the distribution of the 5 phage types, A, AX, I, B, and C is relatively homogenous in the different regions with a predominance of the phage type A and B. The mean percentage of the lysotypes A, AX, I, B and C in the country as a whole are 43%, 15%, 7%, 30% and 5% respectively. Only in region 3 (Haute and Basse Normandie), 8 (Provence-Cote-d'Azur) and 9 (Rhone-Alpes) is there any perceptible deviation from this distribution. This study also underlines the contribution that can be provided by this type of information in the epidemiology of tuberculosis. PMID- 3146116 TI - Signal transduction by guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. PMID- 3146115 TI - [Stage I and II Hodgkin's disease with enlarged mediastinum in adults. Apropos of 24 cases]. AB - We have reported a retrospective study on 24 cases of supra-diaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease Stage I and II, with massive mediastinal invasion, followed from January 1981 to October 1986 and treated first with chemotherapy and then supra-diaphragmatic mantle type radiotherapy up to a dose of 40 Gy in 20 sessions and over 26 days; inverted irradiation was given to the aorto-lumbar region and the spleen up to a dose of 30 Gy in 15 sessions over 19 days. Supplementary irradiation to the superior mediastinum on average 10 Gy in five sessions over five days was given in two cases and five Gy in three sessions over three days in four cases. After initial chemotherapy there appeared to be a complete remission in 29% (7 out of 24), there was a partial remission in 71% (17 out of 24), of which one gave a 25% response, two a 50% response and 14 gave a response of greater than 80%. After radiotherapy the remission rate appeared complete in 96% (23 out of 24). The overall survival was 90% (19 out of 21) with a mean follow up of 45 months (range 8-78 months) with a complete remission level of 85.5% (18 out of 21). For the 13 cases followed for five years the overall survival level and the level of survival in complete remission was 84.5% (11 out of 13) and 77% (10 out of 13) respectively. We have seen symptomatic post radiotherapy pneumonia. The association of chemo and radiotherapy in this limited series of patients has enabled us to obtain a satisfying duration of remission.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3146117 TI - [Clinical evaluation of respiratory control system]. PMID- 3146118 TI - [Nitrate tolerance]. PMID- 3146119 TI - The partial epilepsies of childhood. PMID- 3146120 TI - Diagnosis and management of neurocutaneous syndromes. PMID- 3146122 TI - [Evaluation of the yield in the purification of diphtheria toxoid using ammonium sulfate and gel filtration]. PMID- 3146121 TI - [Production of and response to interleukin-2 by peripheral mononuclear cells of patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 3146123 TI - [Virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 3146124 TI - [Chronic interstitial pneumonia and Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome in a 53-year-old woman]. PMID- 3146126 TI - Long-term care: a growing concern. PMID- 3146125 TI - [Prevention using cefotetan of post-partum and post-abortion infectious complications in intra-uterine procedures]. AB - A prospective, randomized study was conducted in 113 women to evaluate the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis with cefotetan versus no prophylaxis in the prevention of post-partum and post-abortion sepsis. The administration of a single 2 g dose of cefotetan at the time of surgery significantly reduced the number of infectious complications, removal of the placenta or an internal inspection were carried out. PMID- 3146128 TI - [Effect of acute carbaryl poisoning in rats on transamination reactions with the participation of pyruvate. II. The activity of hepatic aminotransferases]. PMID- 3146127 TI - AMA report of the Council on Medical Service. Financing long-term care. PMID- 3146129 TI - Localized cortical bone sclerosis and intramedullar linear sclerosis in neurofibromatosis. AB - A case of localised cortical bone sclerosis of the left tibia and intramedullar linear sclerosis in the left femur, in association with neurofibromatosis in a 25 year-old female, is presented. The differential diagnostic problems in relation to bone tumours are emphasised. PMID- 3146131 TI - Prediction of glomerular filtration rate from changes in serum creatinine. AB - The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated from serum creatinine concentration in patients in whom the individual relation between GFR and serum creatinine had been previously determined. 51Cr-EDTA plasma clearance was used as reference method for GFR. The relation between 51Cr-EDTA clearance and estimated GFR was determined from 340 investigations in 197 adult patients with a variety of infectious and internal diseases. The imprecision of estimated GFR was 46% (1 CV) at 20 ml/min, 23% at 45 ml/min, 20% at 75 ml/min and 18% at 110 ml/min. This poor precision was probably due to the fact that many patients with acute infectious diseases, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, etc., have an unstable renal function and therefore their creatinine distribution is not under steady state. This must always be considered when serum creatinine is used to estimate GFR. PMID- 3146130 TI - IgG subclass concentrations in sera from 200 normal adults and IgG subclass determination of 106 myeloma proteins: an interlaboratory study. AB - The IgG subclass protein concentrations in sera from 200 normal subjects were determined independently in two laboratories, using the same technique (radial immunodiffusion), the same subclass-specific antibodies and the same calibrator. The coefficients of correlation (rs) between IgG subclass concentrations determined in the two laboratories were 0.487, 0.883, 0.928 and 0.926 for IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4, respectively (p less than 0.0005 in all four cases). By the chi-square test for goodness of fit, the frequency distributions observed in the two laboratories were found to differ significantly for all four subclasses (p less than 0.01). In one laboratory, the distributions of IgG1 and IgG2 were not significantly different from normal distributions, whereas the distributions of IgG3 and IgG4 deviated significantly. In the other laboratory, all four subclass distributions were significantly different from normal distributions. In the first laboratory, the IgG2 concentrations were log-normal distributed, whereas in the second, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 concentrations were log-normal distributed. We conclude that use of identical reagents does not ensure identical frequency distributions. This finding emphasizes the need for standardization of the measurement technique too. Furthermore, we argue that at present, intralaboratory reference intervals for IgG subclass protein concentrations are necessary. The reference intervals should be based on non-parametric statistics. The subclass of 106 monoclonal IgG proteins, which were demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis, was identified by RID for 89 samples. The subclass of the remaining 16 M-components was readily determined by qualitative immunoelectrophoretic analysis using the same subclass-specific antibodies. PMID- 3146133 TI - EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopaenia: a 12-month epidemiological study. AB - The phenomenon of in vitro platelet clumping and consequent pseudothrombocytopaenia in the presence of EDTA has been studied in 33,623 subjects referring to a general hospital in a 1-year period. The observed frequency was 0.13%. EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopaenia (PTP) was suspected when a routine blood counting by the Coulter S-Plus IV/D showed a peculiar leucocyte histogram and pseudoleucocytosis. Confirmation was obtained by the manual count and by the finding of platelet aggregates in a stained blood smear. EDTA-dependent PTP was diagnosed when the platelet number and the morphological examination of blood anticoagulated with sodium citrate from the same patient were normal. EDTA-dependent PTP was found in 23 subjects aged from 19 to 79 years (0.068% of the study population): 17 were patients suffering from miscellaneous diseases, while six were apparently healthy. As a rule, platelet clumping was evident within 60 minutes from blood collection, but a longer latency (2-3 h) was observed in a few cases. EDTA-dependent PTP is a rare, but misleading phenomenon, the recognition of which is important in order to avoid expensive and potentially harmful procedures. PMID- 3146132 TI - The influence of body posture on lithium clearance. AB - To establish appropriate standard circumstances for lithium clearance measurements, a study was undertaken in 12 healthy volunteers. In each subject, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as estimated by [51Cr]EDTA plasma clearance, and the renal clearances of lithium, sodium and potassium were measured four times at 1-week intervals: two in the supine and one in the sitting position, and one when the subject was walking around. Glomerular filtration rate was not influenced by posture changes. On the contrary, lithium clearance, which in the supine position was 30 +/- 9 ml/min (1 SD), tended to fall in the sitting position, and fell significantly to 26 +/- 5 ml/min (p less than 0.025) in walking subjects. Absolute proximal tubular reabsorption rate of fluid correspondingly rose from 83 +/- 16 to 92 +/- 15 ml/min (p less than 0.005) and sodium clearance fell from 1.52 +/- 0.81 to 1.00 +/- 0.52 ml/min (p less than 0.05) in walking subjects. Absolute distal reabsorption of sodium decreased during walking from 4052 +/- 1219 to 3449 +/- 658 mumol/min (p less than 0.025), while fractional distal reabsorption of sodium was unchanged. Our results show a rise in proximal tubular reabsorption during moderate physical activity. Hence, when renal tubular function is studied with the lithium clearance method, standardization of posture and physical activity is important. In such studies physical activity such as walking should particularly be avoided. PMID- 3146135 TI - The effect of nocturnal noise levels in Upper Midwestern longterm facilities on sleep interference in selected residents' well-being. PMID- 3146134 TI - The effect of body build, diet and endocrine factors on the extrinsic fibrinolytic system in healthy young women. AB - In this study, the importance of anthropometric, nutritional and endocrine variables on the plasma concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator antigen (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-l) were investigated. Tissue plasminogen activator concentration and PAI-l activity in plasma were studied in 24 healthy young women after diet periods which caused depletion or filling of hepatic glycogen stores. Plasminogen activator inhibitor levels in the glycogen depleted state and the glycogen-repleted state were positively correlated, as were also tPA levels. In fasting subjects with repleted glycogen stores, tPA values correlated with fasting insulin concentration and blood pressures. In fasting subjects depleted of glycogen stores, PAI-l correlated with tPA, plasma insulin, triglycerides, and waist-to-hip girth ratio; triglycerides and waist-to hip girth ratio also correlated with tPA. Over a 4-h period following intake of a test-meal, the glucose and insulin responses were not correlated with the fibrinolytic variables. Multivariate regression analysis suggested that waist-to hip girth ratio and diastolic blood pressure were independently associated with tPA concentrations both in subjects with depleted and repleted glycogen stores. Thus, both constitutional factors such as anthropometric variables and blood pressure, and nutritional status of the subjects may be related to tPA and PAI- levels in plasma. This should be taken into account in clinical studies on fibrinolysis. PMID- 3146136 TI - [Nursing. Continence counseling and economy]. PMID- 3146137 TI - [Functional state of the neuroendocrine system in men after myocardial infarction in the period of rehabilitation]. AB - The paper is devoted to systemic analysis of changes of the hypophyseal hormones, sex and adrenal glands, and thyroid in men in the course of a year after MI. A stable state of the hypophyseal-gonadal system the first 2 mos after MI was followed by a significant decrease in prolactin, testosterone levels and an increase in estradiol concentration. A marked decrease in STH, cortisol, TSH and thyroid hormone levels, and monotonously decreased ("leveled") circadian rhythm of secretion of practically all hormones were revealed. Functional exercise tests have shown switching over of the neuroendocrine system of MI patients to a special sparing regimen functioning at a qualitatively new hormonal-metabolic level rather than its depletion. PMID- 3146138 TI - Correlation between the enzymatic activity, anticoagulant and antiplatelet effects of phospholipase A2 isoenzymes from Naja nigricollis venom. AB - The three phospholipase A2 isoenzymes from Naja nigricollis crawshawii snake venom inhibit both blood coagulation and platelet aggregation. To investigate the correlation between phospholipid splitting ability of these enzymes and their inhibitory activities, the effects of various preincubation times and the inclusion of EDTA were examined. Preincubation of plasma and thromboplastin with the phospholipase isoenzymes resulted in an increase in Ca2+-initiated clotting time with time of preincubation. Incubation of the isoenzymes with EDTA before their addition to the plasma-thromboplastin mixture reduced the anticoagulant effect. These results indicate that the catalytic activity contributes at least partially to the anticoagulant effect. However, inhibition of platelet aggregation appears to be independent of enzymatic activity since there is no increase in inhibition with time of preincubation of platelets and phospholipases, and inclusion of EDTA has no significant effect on inhibition of aggregation. All three enzymes appear to belong to class B of the platelet affector PLA2 enzymes as determined by platelet effects, since they do not initiate platelet aggregation. PMID- 3146139 TI - Relative sensitivity of different tests in the detection of low titer lupus anticoagulants. AB - Lupus anticoagulants (LA) and anticardiolipin antibodies have been strongly associated with recurrent abortion and fetal death. Because steroids have been reported to improve the fetal outcome of LA associated pregnancies, presumably by decreasing the levels of LA, it becomes desirable to have a simple and reliable test to monitor the levels of the putative antibody. To this effect, we assessed the capacity of the following coagulation tests to detect the presence of LA in serial dilutions of patient plasma with pooled normal plasma: kaolin clotting time (KCT), tissue thromboplastin inhibition test (TTIT), dilute Russell Viper venom time (DRVVT) and activated partial thromboplastin time with standard and high concentrations of phospholipids (SC and HCAPTT). All samples were also evaluated for the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies with an ELISA. The KCT was able to detect LA at a much greater dilution in normal plasma than any of the other clotting assays. The ELISA was comparable to KCT in its ability to detect high dilutions of LA. PMID- 3146140 TI - The endothelial cell and the factor VIII bypassing activity of prothrombin complex concentrate. AB - Some classical hemophiliacs have a paradoxical hemostatic response to prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). We hypothesized that vascular endothelial cells (EC) may contribute to this "factor VIII bypassing activity". When PCC were incubated with suspensions or monolayer cultures of EC, they acquired the ability to partially bypass the defect of factor VIII deficient plasma. This factor VIII bypassing activity distributed with EC and not with the supernatant PCC, and was not a general property of intravascular cells. The effect of PCC was even more dramatic on fixed EC monolayers, which became procoagulant after incubation with PCC. The time courses of association and dissociation of the PCC-derived factor VIII bypassing activity of fixed and viable EC monolayers were both rapid. We conclude that EC may provide a privileged site for sequestration of constituents of PCC which express coagulant activity and which bypass the abnormality of factor VIII deficient plasma. PMID- 3146141 TI - Inhibition in purified systems and in human plasma of chimaeric plasminogen activators consisting of the NH2-terminal region of tissue-type plasminogen activator and the COOH-terminal region of urokinase-type plasminogen activator. AB - Recombinant chimaeric molecules between tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and single chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scu-PA) or two chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (tcu-PA) have intact enzymatic properties of scu-PA or tcu-PA towards natural and synthetic substrates (Nelles et al., J. Biol Chem 1987; 262: 10855-10862). In the present study, we have compared the reactivity with inhibitors of both the single chain and two chain variants of recombinant u-PA and two recombinant chimaeric molecules between t-PA and scu-PA (t-PA/u-PA-s: amino acids 1-263 of t-PA and 144-411 of u-PA; t-PA/u-PA-e: amino acids 1-274 of t-PA and 138-411 of u-PA). Incubation with human plasma in the absence of a fibrin clot for 3 h at 37 degrees C at equipotent concentrations (50% clot lysis in 2 h), resulted in significant fibrinogen breakdown (to about 40% of the normal value) for all two chain molecules, but not for their single chain counterparts. Preincubation of the plasminogen activators with plasma for 3 h at 37 degrees C, resulted in complete inhibition of the fibrinolytic potency of the two chain molecules but did not alter the potency of the single chain molecules. Inhibition of the two chain molecules occurred with a t1/2 of approximately 45 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3146142 TI - Plasminogen activators in the intestine of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Plasminogen activators were determined in intestinal tissue, obtained after surgery from patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and compared with normal intestinal tissue from colorectal cancer patients. The activity and quantity of tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) was found to decrease with the severity of inflammation in the patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Urokinase (u-PA) activity, however, was not changed compared with controls or in relation with severity of inflammation. In contrast, the level of u-PA antigen was found to be increased significantly in the inflammatory bowel disease tissues and was also related with severity of inflammation. The difference between u-PA activity and antigen in inflammatory bowel disease tissue could be attributed to an increase in inactive pro-u-PA and u-PA-inhibitor complexes. This increase in u PA and the concomitant decrease in t-PA, are similar to those found in premalignant colonic adenomas, and might be related to the known increased cancer risk in inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 3146143 TI - The effect of human recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator on clinical and laboratory parameters of hemostasis and systemic plasminogen activation in the dog and the rat. AB - The effect of human recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) on parameters of hemostasis and systemic plasminogen activation was studied in the dog and rat. Effects on screening coagulation times, fibrinogen concentration, fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products, and plasminogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin (alpha 2-AP) activities in plasma were examined following single bolus injections of 0.5-5.0 mg/kg, single and repeated 3 hr infusions of 0.75-7.5 mg/kg and 24 hr infusions of 6.0 and 30.0 mg/kg administered intravenously to dogs. Rats receiving single or 14 daily injections of 5.0-30.0 mg/kg i.v. were similarly monitored. Systemic fibrinogenolysis (greater than 50% decrease in fibrinogen, plasminogen or alpha 2-AP values) was observed in dogs receiving greater than or equal to 1.0 mg/kg as a bolus, greater than or equal to 3.75 mg/kg (20.8 micrograms or 1.19 x 10(4) IU kg-1min-1) as a 3 hr infusion and greater than or equal to 6 mg/kg (4.2 micrograms or 2.42 x 10(3) IU kg-1min-1) as a 24 hr infusion; and in rats treated with bolus injections of 30 mg/kg rt-PA. Clinical and laboratory indications of impaired hemostasis and bleeding (anemia, prolonged coagulation times and post-mortem evidence of hemorrhage) were associated with these effects, which together were dose-dependent and influenced by the rate of infusion. The incidence of major hemorrhage was variable and limited to animals receiving prolonged (24 hr) or repeated infusions. PMID- 3146144 TI - Conditions influencing the interaction of asialo von Willebrand factor with human platelets--the effects of external ionized calcium concentration and the role of arachidonate pathway. AB - We have studied the interaction of ASvWf with human platelets in PRP and in suspensions of washed platelets containing either physiological or low external ionized calcium concentration [Ca2+]o. In hirudin-PRP or in washed platelets in 1.5-2 mM CaCl2, ASvWf up to 50 micrograms/ml does not induce platelet aggregation or the release reaction. When [Ca2+]o is decreased by addition of citrate to hirudin-PRP or when no CaCl2 is added to washed platelet suspensions, ASvWf does induce platelet aggregation and the release reaction. In low [Ca2+]o, ASvWf interacts with platelet GPIb to cause primary aggregation of disc-shaped platelets to each other through GPIIb/IIIa, with or without added fibrinogen. This primary platelet aggregation leads to thromboxane A2 formation and secondary aggregation and the release reaction. With [Ca2+]o in the physiological range, there is less ASvWf interaction with GPIb, no primary platelet aggregation and no thromboxane A2 formation. The ASvWf-platelet interaction at physiological [Ca2+]o, however, enhances the platelet response to collagen or epinephrine. PMID- 3146146 TI - Autoradiographic observation of platelets in cerebrovascular injuries induced by arachidonic acid and its prevention by ticlopidine. AB - The behavior of circulating 111In-labeled platelets in cerebrovascular injuries induced by arachidonic acid injection was studied. Fourteen rabbits were pretreated with the antiplatelet agent ticlopidine, and 10 rabbits were used for controls. Arachidonic acid (AA, 0.7 mg/kg) was injected into the internal carotid artery. Prior to the injection, platelets labeled with 111Inoxine were injected for autoradiography of the brain. Evans blue was injected as an indicator of blood-brain barrier disturbance. Nine control animals showed marked blue staining, and one showed slight blue staining. Seven out of the 14 pretreated animals showed slight or no staining, while 7 showed intensive staining. The distributions of the blue staining and the radioactivity showed high correlation. In the rabbits whose platelet aggregability was depressed by ticlopidine, lower blue staining as well as lower radioactivity was observed. Our findings suggest that activated platelets have an important role in the genesis of cerebrovascular injuries. PMID- 3146145 TI - Dose-response aggregometry in maternal/neonatal platelets. AB - The aggregation of platelets collected from maternal/neonatal pairs (n = 240) at the time of childbirth, was studied in response to multiple doses of ADP, collagen, arachidonic acid and ristocetin. Similar responses were obtained from healthy nonpregnant adult controls for comparison. The lag phase, slope of the aggregation curves as well as maximum aggregation (MA%) were recorded and analysed. Neonatal and adult platelets exhibited more enhanced responses to decreasing doses of ADP, arachidonic acid and ristocetin, than maternal platelets. These enhanced responses were exhibited more consistently in the slopes of the aggregation curves than in MA%. Although neonatal platelets have shown longer lag phase in their responses to collagen, the rate of the aggregation reaction was significantly faster than maternal platelets, with no differences in MA%. These results contradict many previous reports suggesting impaired aggregation responses of neonatal platelets to these agonist. The possible reasons for these contradictions were discussed. PMID- 3146147 TI - Norepinephrine and DDAVP induced rise in tissue plasminogen activator. PMID- 3146148 TI - Autoimmune factor VIII inhibitor responsive to gammaglobulin without in vitro neutralisation. PMID- 3146149 TI - Significance of reduced protein C in patients with acute stroke and unfavourable prognosis. PMID- 3146150 TI - Potentiation of the thrombolytic efficacy of single-chain urokinase (Pro urokinase) by heparin. PMID- 3146151 TI - Ioxynil and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine: comparison of binding to human plasma proteins. AB - Ioxynil, an iodine-containing compound with structural similarity to T3 affects the thyroids of experimental animals. Binding to human plasma proteins was compared with that of T3, to gain insight into possible effects in humans. After incubating human serum with [125I]ioxynil, 2DIEP against anti-whole human serum and rocket immunoelectrophoresis against anti-TBPA, albumin or TBG were carried out. Ioxynil bound to TBPA but not to TBG nor albumin. The Ka calculated for the TBPA-ioxynil complex was 2.6 x 10(6) l.mol-1. Ioxynil competed for the iodothyronine-binding sites of TBPA. PMID- 3146152 TI - Metabolism of C26 bile alcohols in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. AB - Metabolism of C26 bile alcohols in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, was studied. [24-14C]-24-Dehydro-26-deoxy-5 beta-ranol (3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-27 nor-5 beta-cholestan-24-one) was chemically synthesized from [24-14C]cholic acid and incubated with bullfrog liver homogenate fortified with NADPH. 24-Dehydro-26 deoxy-5 beta-ranol was shown to be converted into both 26-deoxy-5 beta-ranol and 24-epi-26-deoxy-5 beta-ranol [(24S)- and (24R)-27-nor-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24-tetrols] in addition to 5 beta-ranol [(24R)-27-nor-5 beta cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24,26-pentol], which is the major bile alcohol of the bullfrog. [24-3H]-26-Deoxy-5 beta-ranol and [24-3H]-24-epi-26 deoxy-5 beta-ranol were prepared from 24-dehydro-26-deoxy-5 beta-ranol by reduction with sodium [3H] borohydride and administered respectively to two each of four bullfrogs by intraperitoneal injection. After 24 h, labeled 5 beta-ranol was isolated from the bile of the bullfrogs that received [24-3H]-26-deoxy-5 beta ranol. In contrast little if any radioactivity could be detected in 5 beta-ranol or its 24-epimer after administration of [24-3H]-24-epi-26-deoxy-5 beta-ranol. PMID- 3146153 TI - Dermatitis of the pinnae of cats in Australia associated with the European rabbit flea (Spilopsyllus cuniculi). PMID- 3146154 TI - Pointers to the cause of BSE. PMID- 3146155 TI - Identification of non-specific agglutination to Brucella abortus using an EDTA modified SAT. PMID- 3146156 TI - Unusual virus-like particles in pheasant small intestine. PMID- 3146157 TI - Passive hemagglutination test for detection of antibodies against Taylorella (Haemophilus) equigenitalis in sera of mares. AB - The passive hemagglutination (PHA) test was improved to enable the detection of antibodies to Taylorella (Haemophilus) equigenitalis in the sera of mares. Horse red blood cells (RBC) fixed with glutaraldehyde were compared with similarly treated RBC of a cow, pig and sheep for the PHA test. The horse RBC were superior to those of the other animals tested in detecting mares affected with contagious equine metritis (CEM). A PHA test using these cells as indicator and an antigen prepared from T. equigenitalis by sonication following treatment with hyaluronidase was the most satisfactory in terms of sensitivity and specificity. None of the 156 serum samples from clinically healthy mares without a history of contact with T. equigenitalis-infected stallions or mares showed PHA titers greater than 1:32 and only a few samples (7.1%) showed PHA titers of 1:32. Four of the 50 serum samples from mares affected with CEM showed PHA titers of 1:32, while most of the samples (92.0%) showed PHA titers greater than 1:32. The glutaraldehyde-fixed horse RBC sensitized with the antigen had the advantage of being reproducible for at least 7 months when preserved at 4 degrees C. PMID- 3146158 TI - Identification of Mycobacterium bovis isolates using a monoclonal antibody. AB - A rapid immunoperoxidase slide assay for the identification of Mycobacterium bovis culture isolates is described. The monoclonal antibody used in this assay is specific for the M. tuberculosis complex of organisms. All M. bovis isolates tested, including 151 separate field isolates of M. bovis were positive as were 11 out of 12 M. tuberculosis strains and 4 out of 6 Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) strains. One strain each of M. africanum and M. microti was negative. This assay provides a considerable improvement in both time and expense over the conventional methods of biochemical typing of M. bovis. PMID- 3146159 TI - [Economic criteria in assessing the efficacy of the fight against cancer]. PMID- 3146160 TI - [Comparative biological value of the proteins comprising the products for the tube and regular feeding of patients with mandibular fractures]. AB - A comparative clinical evaluation was made of the biological effectiveness of protein components in the composition of three types of diet for patients with fractures of the mandible who had received "Ensure" (USA), a product for complete tube feeding; an experimental sample developed at the Institute of Nutrition, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR; and a routine clinical diet. The biological effectiveness of the proteins was estimated by some anthropometric and biochemical parameters as well as on the basis of nitrogenous metabolism in the patients. It has been established that the protein content in the routine clinical diets does not meet the high requirements in amino acids of patients with fracture of the mandible. In this respect the products for tube and dietotherapy have proved to be effective and completely provide the need of such patients in essential amino acids that has been evidenced by the results of the investigations conducted. PMID- 3146161 TI - [Effect of a fat emulsion on cellular immunity in experimental parenteral feeding]. AB - The experiments on guinea pigs and male CBA mice have shown that short-term daily administration of lipidin-2 (3 infusions) in a dose of 2 g/kg induces a decrease in T-lymphocyte proliferative activity. Increased multiplicity of the agent infusions up to 7 and 14 is attended by reversible quantitative and functional changes in the T-lymphocyte population and D-cells. PMID- 3146162 TI - [Evaluation of the extent of massive bacterial elimination in newly detected patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3146164 TI - Renal artery stenosis in a Jamaican with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. PMID- 3146163 TI - [The interferon system in viral hepatitis B]. PMID- 3146165 TI - In vitro activity of ceftazidime and other antipseudomonal antibiotics against mucoid strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 3146166 TI - [Skeletal fluorosis following uncontrolled use of sodium fluoride]. PMID- 3146167 TI - [Does repair of varicocele improve fertility?]. PMID- 3146168 TI - Purification and characterization of the bacterial plasminogen activator staphylokinase secreted by a recombinant Bacillus subtilis. AB - A gene coding for the bacterial plasminogen activator staphylokinase (SAK) was cloned from Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage 42D into an exoprotease reduced mutant strain of Bacillus subtilis (1). Yields of up to 50 mg SAK per litre of culture supernatant were obtained depending on the medium used. SAK purified by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration had a specific activity of 16,000 units/mg protein. Isoelectric focusing of the purified SAK revealed heterogeneity with respect to the isoelectric points. Four different SAK proteins were identified among which the majority fraction had an IEP of 6.3 and a N-terminal amino acid sequence of NH2-Lys-Gly-Asp ... This N-terminus was 10 amino acids downstream of the expected signal peptide cleavage site beyond AA 27. It resulted most likely from a postsecretory proteolytic modification of the transiently appearing and correct processing product. In contrast to other plasminogen activators SAK was found to be resistant to proteolytic inactivation by plasmin. PMID- 3146169 TI - Survey of Mycoplasma infections in cell cultures and a comparison of detection methods. AB - A total of 1424 cell cultures was assayed for mycoplasmas by microbiological culture and fluorescent DNA staining. Of these cultures, 412 (29%) were infected with mycoplasmas. The most frequently occurring mycoplasma species were Mycoplasma orale (34%), M. hyorhinis (26%), M. arginini (21%), M. fermentans (13%) and Acholeplasma laidlawii (5%). A few isolates each of M. hominis, M. pulmonis and M. bovis were also detected. When detection methods were compared, microbiological culture produced false-negative results for 0.7% (3 of 412) of the infected cell cultures. DNA staining performed directly on the cells was falsely negative in 2.4% (5/207) of the mycoplasma-infected cultures that were compared, DNA staining performed on indicator cells was falsely negative in 3.1% (7/226). False positives appeared in direct DNA-staining in 1.8% (7/386) of the mycoplasma-free cultures and with DNA staining on indicator cells in 0.5% (3/620). For 11% of the cell cultures, the reading of the DNA staining was ambiguous. With DNA staining on indicator cells, 10% of the test results were ambiguous, but by further passage and staining on new indicator cells it was possible to get a definite diagnosis. PMID- 3146170 TI - Incorporation of staphylococcal alpha-toxin in glutaraldehyde fixed erythrocytes. AB - The incorporation of staphylococcal alpha-toxin into glutaraldehyde fixed erythrocytes occurs in the same way as with native erythrocytes. Binding of alpha toxin to the cells is accompanied by oligomerization of native 3 S toxin to the membrane-bound 11 S toxin hexamer, which is embedded into the lipid bilayer of the membrane. Antibodies against alpha-toxin, build up during an infection with S. aureus, can be determined in a passive hemagglutination test (IHT) using glutaraldehyde fixed and alpha-toxin treated erythrocytes. To test the validity of this IHT, antibodies to alpha-toxin were determined in 550 human sera of patients from hospitals of the University of Giessen suspected to suffer from staphylococcal infections and in 300 sera of healthy blood donors. The results were compared with the titres obtained by a convenient neutralisation test (ASTA). All sera with elevated titres in the ASTA test also showed high titres in the IHT. Because it is simple to perform and highly reproducible, the IHT seems to be a valuable test for detection of antibodies against staphylococcal alpha toxin. PMID- 3146172 TI - Properties of aeromonads and their occurrence and hygienic significance in drinking water. AB - In the Netherlands, aeromonads in drinking water have attracted much attention in recent years. This development was caused by a sudden increase of the Aeromonas density in the drinking water of the municipal Dune Waterworks of The Hague and reports about the possible health significance of these organisms in drinking water. Literature data indicate that representatives of the motile Aeromonas species A. hydrophila, A. sobria and A. caviae generally have been observed in larger percentages of diarrheal feces than in normal stools, with isolation rates ranging from less than 1% to more than 20%. These data and the virulence properties of the aeromonads, viz. hemolytic activity, cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity, as tested in the suckling mouse assay or the rabbit ileal loop, strongly suggest that these aeromonads are potential enteric pathogens for susceptible hosts, including young children and immunocompromised persons. Aeromonads are ubiquitously present in fresh water environments, with densities depending on pollution with sewage, trophic state and temperature. About 100 years ago, bacteria identical with Aeromonas spp. have already been isolated from drinking water. Depletion of free chlorine residuals in drinking water generally results in increasing Aeromonas densities, particularly in the summer months. Investigations in the Netherlands have shown that Aeromonas densities in drinking water increase with increasing residence time. Furthermore, the aeromonads constitute a minor fraction of the heterotrophic bacterial population in drinking water. Growth measurements with pure cultures of A. hydrophila revealed that certain compounds, e.g. oleate as present in soft soap, promote the growth of the organism at substrate concentrations of a few micrograms per liter. Based on a number of surveys on the presence of aeromonads in drinking water, the health authorities in the Netherlands have defined so-called indicative maximum values for Aeromonas densities in drinking water i.e. 20 CFU/100 ml in drinking water at the production plant and 200 CFU/100 ml in drinking water during distribution. Further research is necessary (i) to elucidate the health significance of aeromonads in drinking water and (ii) to define measures for limiting Aeromonas densities in drinking water. PMID- 3146171 TI - Immune response in cystic fibrosis to outer membrane proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The systemic humoral immune response in cystic fibrosis (CF) to outer membrane (OM) proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated as a function of the time of colonization by immunoblotting. OM proteins were prepared from bacteria grown in ion-sufficient, magnesium-depleted, and iron-deficient media. The location of proteins F, H, and I on the blots was verified by monoclonal antibodies. Proteins H2 and H1 were differentiated by the overexpression of H1 under magnesium depletion. Iron-regulated membrane proteins (IRMPs) were recognized by their overproduction under iron limitation. Plasma samples from 43 CF patients and ten healthy adults were analyzed after preadsorption with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Within the first year of colonization, only two to six specific plasma antibodies to OM proteins were produced. After a strong increase during the second year, long-lasting levels were seen in the majority of patients. Large variations of the immune response were noted among the patients. The number of specific antibodies to different OM proteins correlated with the severity of the course of lung disease. At maximum 38 immunostained bands were observed. Proteins H and I were the earliest antigens amongst the major OM proteins. During the second year, antibodies directed to protein F became detectable. IRMPs which indicate the growth of P. aeruginosa under iron deprivation were only recognized by plasma samples from chronically colonized CF patients with advanced lung disease. PMID- 3146173 TI - [The cadmium content of human tissues from biopsies]. AB - The level of cadmium (cd) concentration was determined in organs of 130 men and women. This study was conducted on living human beings who, in their occupation, haven't had extraordinary cd-exposure. Samples of tissues taken during operation were evaluated as well as urine samples (24 hours specimen), blood, an extended patient history including occupation and the postoperative diagnosis. The average cd-concentration was means = 27.3 +/- 29.7 micrograms/g wet weight in kidney cortex, 9.3 +/- 11.7 micrograms/g in kidney medulla, 1.1 +/- 0.5 micrograms/g in liver, 2.9 +/- 2.5 micrograms/l in blood and 2.6 +/- 2.9 micrograms/l in urine. Concentrations in 7 other tissues were measured. The critical cd-level for liver and kidney was not reached in any case. Cd-concentration is related to age and cigarette smoking, not to the sex of the person. It is quite impossible to make a precise estimation on the kidney load from blood or urine level of an individual patient. Differences in cd-load between patients with cancer and those without are discussed. A synopsis of international studies shows that results achieved through various methods, radiological cd-measurement, autopsies and our biopsies were comparatively the same. PMID- 3146174 TI - [Lung function and carboxyhemoglobin during the smog episode of January 1987]. AB - During a phase of elevated ambient air pollution in January 1987 the alert level of the smog alarm recommendation in Northrhine Westfalia (FRG) was reached. The average concentrations during examinations were 0.255 mg/m3 SO2 and 3.2 mg/m3 CO at the closest station. In 111 healthy persons in Cologne and Dusseldorf, resistance measured by oscillatory method was elevated during this period compared to control examinations. In 59 patients with moderate airway-obstruction from different parts of West Germany lung function showed further deterioration during the smog phase: Airway resistance measured by body-plethysmography was higher than during a control period, FVC, FEV1, PEF and MEF75 were decreased. Finally levels of carboxyhemoglobin in blood also were increased in 46 healthy nonsmokers. The investigation shows, that even in moderate smog episodes (compared to earlier years) small, but consistent changes of lung function parameter can be measured. PMID- 3146175 TI - [Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAH) in suspended particles in the atmosphere. 1. Fractionation and analytic detection]. AB - A procedure to determine nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from suspended particulate matter was developed. Depending on the organic amount needed, different prefractionation steps are described, starting from thin layer chromatography and solid phase extraction by a cartouche system for small amounts, reaching over column chromatography to preparative HPLC for extracts corresponding up to 1000m3. Prior to analysis Nitro-PAH were reduced to the corresponding amines by a modified method given by Jager. After reduction these amines could be trapped selectively by ion change chromatography and eluted as a pure fraction with a mixture of methanol/isopropylamine 1/1. This mixture can be easily evaporated and the sample is redissolved in acetonitrile/water 80/20, buffered at pH 7.2 by 0.1 M Tris-buffer. 20 microliter of that solution is injected in a HPLC system with a reversed phase column (250 x 4 mm, 5 micron) and fluorescence detection. According to the strong fluorescence properties of amino PAH detection limits of 5-50 pg could be achieved. Thus, depending on the preconcentration factor (up to 100 m3 per 200 microliter) these compounds could be detected in the range from 0.5-5 pg/m3. PMID- 3146176 TI - [The effect of temperature on the growth and lipopolysaccharide production of gram-negative bacteria]. AB - 5 strains of Pseudomonas and 7 of Enterobacteriaceae were cultivated in a Temperature Gradient Incubator (TGI) in intervals of 5 degrees C over a linear temperature gradient of 4 to 48 degrees C. After attaining the stationary growth phase the amount of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) formed was determined by means of the three LAL tests, i.e. the Capillary test, the "Mini" Endotoxin test and the Coatest endotoxin method. Simultaneously, the colony count was carried out. The same was done for one strain of E. coli in the exponential growth phase after continuous cultivation in 5 degrees C intervals over the range 10 to 35 degrees C. With the exception of the E. coli mutant P400, the lowest amounts of LPS produced in the stationary phase per 10(9) cfu was determined between 20 and 30 degrees C. Increasing or decreasing temperatures caused a more or less sharp rise in the quantity of LPS formed in the stationary phase. This was also demonstrated for E. coli in the exponential phase. For the E. coli mutant P400, however, the LPS content was highest at lower growth temperatures but decreased with increasing temperatures. Changes in the composition of fatty acids and sugars of the LPS and of membrane protein, which are dependent on the temperature of growth apparently alter the steric structure of the LPS which react with the LAL system, and could thus be responsible for the increased LPS found at the lower and higher growth temperatures. In the use of the LAL-tests methods for the assessment of the bacterial load of foods with gram negative bacteria, it is necessary, especially for cold stored products, to test for and determine the LPS-cfu relationship beforehand. PMID- 3146177 TI - [Microbial contamination of railroad trains]. AB - The bacterial contamination of the air was studied in moving rail road trains. The air in front of the trains is poor in microorganisms. The contamination increases to the end of the train which is caused by the dust which is whirled up by the air stream from the rail substructure and the depletions from the toilets. The bacteria which had grown in a culture suspension, appeared in the air around the train when they have been poured to the toilets. The colony count decreases with the distance of the point of contamination. The prevention of contamination is mainly a economical problem but it can be solved in the future. PMID- 3146178 TI - [The contamination of a hospital with Bacillus cereus without an indication of cases of infection]. AB - A hygienic investigation of a hospital revealed B. cereus in 60.5% (66 out of 109) of swab specimens taken from walls, apparatuses, airing devices and bedclothes. These findings were not associated with evidence of human infection caused by the organism within the hospital. In a similar investigation three weeks later, only 22.5% of the environmental specimens were positive for B. cereus. The hospital contamination with B. cereus has thus been virtually temporary and epidemiologically silent. Considering the potential pathogenicity of the organism however, its presence in the hospital environment cannot be approved of. PMID- 3146179 TI - Distribution of spermatozoa in the genital tract of heifers inseminated with large numbers of abnormal spermatozoa. PMID- 3146180 TI - Influence of premedication and body position during halothane anaesthesia on intracardial pressures in the horse. PMID- 3146181 TI - An improved technique for sampling bronchial secretions from normal calves. PMID- 3146182 TI - Effect of an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist on experimentally induced diarrhoea in newly-weaned piglets. PMID- 3146183 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cephalexin glycinate in lactating cows and ewes. PMID- 3146184 TI - Characteristics of genital and metabolic functions of suckling beef cows at the beginning of the breeding season in large-scale farms in Hungary. PMID- 3146185 TI - Intravenous catheters for long-term blood collection in adult boars. PMID- 3146186 TI - Diazepam and thiopentone sodium anaesthesia in calves: evaluation of cardio respiratory dynamics, blood gases and acid-base status. PMID- 3146187 TI - [The serum protein profile in rabbits during fattening]. PMID- 3146188 TI - [The determination of metabolites of energy metabolism in liver biopsy samples. The characterization of ketosis in sheep]. PMID- 3146189 TI - [The composition of immune sera against Neisseria meningitidis studied by high performance liquid chromatography]. AB - The comparative study of the composition of immune rabbit sera to N. meningitidis, as well as nonimmune sera, has been made by the methods of HPLC and radial immunodiffusion. The quantitative evaluation of the main serum proteins by the two methods has shown the coincidence of the results yielded by these methods. To study the total level of IgM and IgG in the sera under study, a simple and rapid HPLC technique is proposed. The study of the stability of sera during storage (at 4-6 degrees C) has revealed that immune sera show greater stability during storage under such conditions in comparison with sera obtained from nonimmune animals. PMID- 3146190 TI - [A new dried nutrient medium for the isolation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae (its development and experimental study)]. AB - A new dried diagnostic medium for the isolation of C. diphtheriae has been developed on the basis of aminopeptide. This new aminopeptide-based medium compares favorably with Buchin's medium in its growth and inhibitory properties. PMID- 3146192 TI - [The role and place of serologic research in the system of epidemiologic surveillance of meningococcal infection]. AB - The results of serological surveys, carried out with a view to the detection of capsular meningococcal polysaccharides in the passive hemagglutination (PHA) test and covering 1,289 patients with systemic meningococcal infection, 221 patients with bacteriologically confirmed meningococcal nasopharyngitis, 2,820 persons in organized groups of children and adults with different epidemiological situation (including 650 carriers) and 4,050 residents of 8 cities with different morbidity levels, were analyzed. The patients, the carriers and the members of organized groups underwent multiple surveys. As shown in this study, the confirmation of the meningococcal etiology of the systemic forms of meningococcal infection (meningitis, meningococcemia) in all cases with the exception of children under 1 year of age, as well as the determination of the groups of meningococci, could be achieved in the PHA test twice as frequently, i.e. in 60-70% of cases, as with the use of the bacteriological method. The same regularities were observed in nasopharyngitis. The conclusion was made on the possibility of using the PHA test for more exact determination of the group of meningococci, prevailing at the initial stage of diseases, this determination playing an essential role in the epidemiological surveillance. The data obtained as the result of serological surveys in organized groups may lead to conclusions on the circulation of meningococci and their group composition, thus showing the necessity of profound epidemiological study with ensuring epidemic-control measures. The selective serological study of some hundreds of donor sera is not expedient in big cities, as it provides no data on the circulation of meningococci there.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3146191 TI - [Etiologic structure of viral hepatitis in children based on data from an comprehensive serologic study of hospitalized patients]. AB - During a year an overall serological examination of 1,200 children hospitalized with the diagnosis of viral hepatitis was carried out with a view to establish the presence of hepatitis A and hepatitis B markers (anti-HAV IgM, HBsAg, anti HBs, anti-HBc and anti-HBe IgM) by means of the enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay. The average annual proportion of cases of hepatitis A (61.4%), hepatitis B (20.4%), hepatitis non A, non B (11.2%) and mixed infection (7.0%) among children, as well as seasonal and age-group fluctuations of this proportion, were established. The etiological structure of viral hepatitides, based on commonly accepted clinico-epidemiological diagnostic criteria, was shown to differ from their true etiological structure as determined in accordance with specific serological markers detected in this investigation. PMID- 3146193 TI - [Isolation and primary characteristics of elastase from a clinical strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. AB - The homogeneous preparation of elastase has been obtained from P. aeruginosa clinical strain. The molecular weight of the isolated enzyme is 33,000 daltons, and its isoelectric point is 6.8. Two media manufactured in this country (dialyzed bovine heart hydrolysate and a dried semisynthetic medium) ensuring good production of the enzyme have been proposed. The optimum time for the cultivation of the producer strain (30-40 hours) has been established. Elastase has been shown to be widely spread among P. aeruginosa clinical strains. PMID- 3146194 TI - [A field trial with the liquid multicomponent meningococcal vaccine ABC]. AB - The morbidity rates of generalized forms of meningococcal infection in persons immunized with different doses of liquid meningococcal vaccine ABC were compared. The vaccine was introduced subcutaneously by means of a jet injector. Altogether 3,920 males aged 18 years and older were immunized. 1,966 vaccinees received this vaccine in a dose of 200 micrograms and 1,954 vaccinees, in a dose of 400 micrograms. Meningococcal multicomponent vaccine ABC used in these doses showed moderate reactogenicity and did not prevent the development of generalized forms of meningococcal infection. PMID- 3146195 TI - [Late results of operations in patients with epilepsy with marked mental disorders]. AB - The article reports data concerning 260 patients with epilepsy who were treated by different variants of operations on the open brain. The duration of the catamnesis ranged from 3 to 17 years. It is shown that the results of the treatment are determined by some initial data, in particular, the features of the psychopathological and neuropsychological disorders and their degree. Criteria of the selection of patients with epilepsy and mental disorders for surgical management are formulated. PMID- 3146196 TI - Minireview: the molecular biology of hematologically significant enzyme defects. Molecular biology of enzyme defects. PMID- 3146197 TI - Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor abnormalities during L-asparaginase treatment in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (VIII/vWf) related properties were studied in 10 patients affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia during L-asparaginase vincristine-prednisone treatment. These properties remained within the normal range during the period of observation without any difference from the basal values. On the contrary, VIII:C activity was already increased before medication and showed gradual additional elevation during the observation period, reaching a peak 1 week after discontinuation of L-asparaginase administration. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of vWf, performed weekly in 2 patients during the period of medication, demonstrated a normal pattern before the beginning of treatment, but an apparently faster migrating peak during L-asparaginase therapy, suggesting a qualitative abnormality of vWf. No abnormal bleeding tendency was found in any of the patients. PMID- 3146199 TI - Phorbol-myristate-acetate-induced platelet aggregation in the presence of inhibitors. AB - 4 beta-Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) at 100 ng/ml was able to induce platelet aggregation in the presence of agents which inhibited aggregation, triggered by other agonists such as adenosine diphosphate sodium salt (ADP), thrombin and collagen. PMA induced aggregation in acid-citrate-dextrose platelet rich plasma. 100 microM tetracaine, 5 microM bromophenacyl bromide and 0.2 mM mepacrine decreased PMA-induced aggregation by only 10% in contrast to their high inhibitory effect on other aggregation systems. However, 0.4 mM mepacrine did inhibit PMA-induced aggregation at the same rate as the other aggregation systems. 100 mg/ml vincristine slightly affected PMA-induced platelet aggregation, whereas cytochalasin B rather enhanced it. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid, 5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraynoic acid and p-nitrophenyl-phosphorylcholine had no effect on PMA- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation, partially inhibited aggregation triggered by ADP and strongly inhibited aggregation caused by thrombin. It is suggested that PMA exerts its effect on platelets mainly due to its ability to alter their membranes. PMID- 3146198 TI - Cell-mediated toxicity of interleukin-2-activated lymphocytes against autologous and allogeneic human myeloma cells. AB - We studied the sensitivity of human myeloma (plasma cell leukemia) toward autologous and allogeneic lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Fresh plasma cell leukemia (PCL)-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and PBMC from 3 normal donors were cultured in the presence of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL2; 1,000 U/ml) for subsequent use as cytotoxic effectors against fresh and continuously cultured myeloma cells. Target cell lysis was measured in a 4-hour 51Cr radioisotope release assay. At an effector to target (E:T) ratio of 50:1, rIL2-induced PCL-PBMC lysed 48 +/- 19% (mean +/- 1 SD) of autologous myeloma targets, as compared to 89 +/- 5, 95 +/- 15, and 100 +/- 9% lysis of standard LAK sensitive Daudi cells and allogeneic myeloma cell lines SKO-007, and RPMI-8226, respectively. Normal PBMC-derived rIL2-induced (LAK) cells exhibited a slightly lower cytotoxic reactivity against allogeneic targets (61 +/- 9, 60 +/- 6, and 81 +/- 8% cytolysis of SKO-007, RPMI-8226, and Daudi cells, respectively, at a 50:1 E:T ratio). Cytotoxicity against myeloma (PCL) of autologous PCL-derived killer cells could be significantly (at least 2-fold) enhanced when rIL-2-induced effector cells were preincubated for 18 h in the presence of recombinant Interferon-alpha rIFN-alpha; 1,000 U/ml). In summary, our results indicate the potential antitumor efficacy of rIL2- and rIL2 + rIFN-alpha-activated killer cells in human myeloma (PCL). PMID- 3146200 TI - Myelofibrosis and pancytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A 13-year-old Saudi girl presented with severe clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus of 3 months' duration. In addition to laboratory evidence of the disease, the patient was found to have pancytopenia and myelofibrosis. While pancytopenia was considerably improved by steroids, myelofibrosis was not reversed. The coexistence of myelofibrosis and pancytopenia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus has been reported, but their possible causal relationship remains unresolved. PMID- 3146201 TI - The role of HBv in a case of pure megakaryocytic aplasia. PMID- 3146202 TI - Septicaemia after splenectomy for Hodgkin's disease: two episodes in the same patient, 9 and 13 years after cure. PMID- 3146203 TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Sweet's syndrome. PMID- 3146204 TI - Changes in patterns of Hodgkin's disease in Algeria, 1966-1985: influence of health care delivery system. PMID- 3146205 TI - Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase in AIDS. PMID- 3146206 TI - Orthostatic hypotension in pernicious anemia. PMID- 3146207 TI - [Blood cell concentration of methotrexate in long-term therapy of inflammatory rheumatic diseases]. AB - To verify the possibility of a concomitant therapy control in 31 patients (18 psoriatic arthritis [PA], 13 rheumatoid arthritis [RA]) the blood cell concentration of Methotrexate (MTX) was continuously measured over a period of 6 months. The determinations were carried out by using a RIA of the CIS Corp. At any time MTX was determined laboratory and clinical examinations were done and the P-III-P serum-level was measured by using a RIA of the Behringwerke. The cellular MTX showed to be statistically significantly elevated compared to baseline, whereas within ranges of total cumulative dosages only insignificant fluctuations could be noticed. Like in the treatment of Psoriasis a strict correlation between the weekly administered dose and the cellular MTX could be established, the total cumulative dose, however, had no influence on the cellular MTX-level. In the treatment of RA slightly higher weekly dosages were necessary, which caused significantly higher cellular MTX concentrations in RA patients. Some correlations between clinical as well as serological parameters of disease activity could be noticed, nevertheless they do not allow distinct interpretations. In both diseases a significant relationship between the cellular MTX-level and the P-III-P serum-level could be realized. A storage of MTX in blood cells, especially in erythrocytes, seems to be evident. To reach therapeutical benefit in RA slightly higher mean dosages may be necessary. A therapy monitoring by the means of continuous determinations of cellular MTX seems to be impossible. In contrast an approach to the early detection of liver fibrosis can be given by the correlation between cellular MTX and the P-III-P serum levels. PMID- 3146209 TI - Economic evaluation of cataract surgery: a comparison between IOL and non-IOL techniques. AB - Using a sample of 116 patients, 53 of whom had undergone cataract extraction without IOL implantation, and 63 of whom had been treated by IOL implantation, a retrospective evaluation of differences in economic effects was performed. The use of non-IOL technique was cheaper for the hospital, but the overall costs for society were soon higher, mainly as a result of the significantly higher costs of obtaining contact lenses and spectacles in the non-IOL group. The longer we expect cataract surgery patients to live post-operatively the greater will be the difference in favour of using the IOL technique. The estimated annual savings to society for every 875 patients operated would be from FIM 5 million to FIM 26.5 million if non-IOL technique was used and from FIM 10.5 million to FIM 28.5 million with IOL surgery. Cataract surgery, and especially with IOL technique, seems to be an operation resulting in substantial savings to society. PMID- 3146208 TI - Immunological studies in focal epilepsy. AB - Serum immunoglobulins, T-lymphocyte subsets and HLA investigations were carried out in 24 patients with focal, mainly temporal lobe, epilepsy and in 30 of their first degree relatives. The mean serum level of IgA was significantly decreased in the epileptic probands compared with controls. In the relatives, there was a significant decrease in mean IgM levels. The epileptic group had significantly fewer circulating T4 "helper" lymphocytes (absolute and percent) and an increased percentage of T8 "cytotoxic"/"suppressor" lymphocytes than the controls. The effect of antiepileptic drug treatment on these results is discussed. The frequencies of 63 HLA specificities determined were not significantly different in probands compared with controls. Among 5 of the most commonly occurring haplotypes there was a lower frequency of the haplotype A1,B8 in epileptic probands, which is in accordance with an earlier study on benign focal epilepsy in children. The immunological findings support the possibility that focal epilepsy may be linked to a genetically dependent immune dysregulation. The latter may contribute to the variability underlying the multifactorial inheritance of the epilepsies. PMID- 3146210 TI - [Synthesis and anti-Candida albicans activity of L-4-oxalysine-containing oligopeptides]. PMID- 3146211 TI - [Antiulcer effects of pirenzepine in rats]. PMID- 3146213 TI - Primary generalized epilepsy with photosensitivity and seizures on awakening. Report of a family. PMID- 3146212 TI - Intraoperative use of laser Doppler in the study of cerebral microvascular circulation. AB - Laser Doppler (LD) flowmetry has been used for evaluation of microcirculatory flow in a variety of human tissues, including skin, muscle, retina and recently the brain. In the present paper, intraoperative Laser Doppler recordings have been performed in 72 cases, in basal conditions and after stimulation. The morphology of basal recordings obtained from normal cortical areas were analyzed and three different rhythmical variations were identified; these rhythmical variations are described and explained. Several kinds of stimulation have been used: hypotensive drugs, mannitol, nimodipine, eupaverine, hypercapnia, decompressive manoeuvres and temporary occlusion of the ICA in the neck. Laser Doppler recordings obtained during and after these stimulations are reported and explained. The results have been evaluated in order to verify the reliability and the reproducibility of this technique in the study of the cerebral microvascular circulation intraoperatively. PMID- 3146214 TI - [Preliminary results of a multicenter study with mitomycin C in superficial bladder tumors (Ta, T1)]. PMID- 3146215 TI - The protective effect of a new antiallergic agent, KP-136 on mast cell activation: a comparison with disodium cromoglycate. AB - The protective effects on mast cell activation were compared between a new antiallergic agent, KP-136 and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), both of which inhibited the immunological degranulation of rat peritoneal mast cells. The IC50 was 0.03 micrograms/ml for KP-136 and 4.7 micrograms/ml for DSCG. KP-136 predominantly acted on the early stage of mast cell activation processes and inhibited the immunological increase in 45Ca uptake. KP-136 also inhibited A23187 and heat-induced degranulation and heat-induced hemolysis. In addition, KP-136 was effective on phospholipase A2-induced degranulation, although the compound did not directly affect the enzyme activity. In all tests for comparison, KP-136 and DSCG had similar profiles of action and the parallel experiments indicated that KP-136 was a more potent inhibitor of mast cell activation than DSCG, having a DSCG-like membrane stabilizing activity. PMID- 3146218 TI - Valproate monotherapy in the treatment of epilepsy. PMID- 3146217 TI - Corporate reorganization: the last gasp or last clear chance for the tax-exempt, nonprofit hospital? AB - The current revolution in health care organization and financing, increased competition, and a retrenching of industry from its commitments to expansion of health care benefits challenge the nonprofit hospital's existence as a viable entity. Hospital governing boards and administrators have turned to corporate reorganization in order to maintain their financial position and to continue to serve their communities. This Article examines the not-for-profit concept and the problems facing nonprofit hospitals. It reviews the pros and cons of reorganization and the for-profit/nonprofit controversy. It questions whether the hybridization of the hospital results in a stronger or weaker species and discusses the possible effects of the newly structured entity on the quality and delivery of health care. Finally, the Article suggests that the nonprofit hospital may survive only by a continued commitment to societal and communal values, to service rather than to profit; that this commitment is adequate justificaton for the preservation of the nonprofit system, and its preservation will reinforce and strengthen the concept. PMID- 3146216 TI - Pharmacological modification of 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate induced inflammation and epidermal cell proliferation in mouse skin. AB - Topical application of TPA to mouse skin causes oedema (2-6 h) neutrophil influx (3-24 h) and epidermal cell proliferation (24-48 h). Topical application of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin) dual cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors (phenidone and BW755C) a selective lipoxygenase inhibitor (AA861), protein synthesis inhibitors (cycloheximide and actinomycin D) or a glucocorticosteroid (prednisolone) inhibited oedema and neutrophil influx. Systemic administration of an inhibitor of microtubule assembly (colchicine) also prevented neutrophil influx and oedema. These results suggest that the inflammatory response to TPA depends on an interaction between a protein and products of arachidonic acid metabolism to produce a neutrophil dependent oedema. Epidermal cell proliferation was inhibited by topical administration of prednisolone, indomethacin, BW755C and cycloheximide but not systemically administered methotrexate. This suggests that inhibition of the early inflammatory response to TPA prevents the subsequent epidermal proliferation. PMID- 3146219 TI - Valproate monotherapy in partial seizures. AB - Results of a retrospective study in 30 patients indicate that, contrary to the findings of some earlier studies, valproate monotherapy is highly effective in the treatment of partial seizures, especially those that become secondarily generalized. In 22 of these 30 patients (73 percent), valproate monotherapy either abolished seizures (12 patients) or reduced their frequency by at least 51 percent (10 patients), whereas eight patients experienced minimal or no reduction in seizure frequency. All these patients had previously experienced treatment failure with carbamazepine, phenytoin, or phenobarbital--either alone or combined -because of lack of efficacy or unacceptable side effects. In these patients, failure to have a response to valproate therapy appeared to be related to the type of seizure (simple partial seizures alone/complex partial seizures alone, without secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures) and longer duration of uncontrolled seizures. Although these results cannot be generalized to all patients with partial seizures, they do indicate that a double-blind randomized trial of valproate in patients with all types of partial seizures is warranted. PMID- 3146220 TI - Valproate monotherapy in children. AB - Seizures are more common in children than in adults. Since most pediatric epilepsies can be controlled with a single antiepileptic drug, children with epilepsy should receive monotherapy when possible or switch from polytherapy to monotherapy. More than half of the epileptic patients receiving multiple antiepileptic drugs will have better seizure control as well as fewer side effects with monotherapy. Most of the pediatric epilepsies occur as primary generalized seizures, for which valproate is a preferred drug. Children can begin to receive valproate treatment in a dosage of 20 to 30 mg/kg per day in two or three divided doses. After several days, plasma levels may be useful in adjusting the dosage. The major adverse effect of valproate in children is fatal hepatotoxicity. The risk of this complication is considerably lower with valproate monotherapy (one per 10,000 patients) than with polytherapy. Other advantages of valproate monotherapy, compared with polytherapy, include the avoidance of drug interactions, lower cost, and reduced potential for impaired cognitive function, which is particularly important in children. PMID- 3146221 TI - Crossover from polytherapy to monotherapy in primary generalized epilepsy. AB - Patients with primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures can obtain equal or superior seizure control and fewer side effects when managed with valproate than when taking multiple antiepileptic drugs. The conversion from polytherapy to valproate monotherapy must be done carefully if side effects and seizure exacerbation are to be avoided. A gradual crossover, often requiring several months, is usually necessary. A well-developed plan and understanding by the patient, coupled with close follow-up, are essential. The major improvement in quality of life that results for the majority of patients after completing such a conversion fully warrants the extra time and effort required. PMID- 3146222 TI - Pharmacologic interactions between valproate and other drugs. AB - Valproate is often administered with other antiepileptic drugs, a practice that can lead to clinically significant pharmacologic interactions. Concomitant administration of such enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs as carbamazepine, phenobarbital, primidone, or phenytoin will markedly accelerate the metabolic conversion of valproate, particularly in children. In response to the effects of enzyme induction, valproate dosage may need to be doubled to maintain therapeutic serum levels. Valproate does not appear to induce enzymatic drug metabolism, but rather acts as a metabolic inhibitor. Because of this inhibition, phenobarbital dosage must often be reduced after valproate is added to the therapeutic regimen. Valproate also may markedly increase concentrations of the active epoxide metabolite of carbamazepine. The interaction between phenytoin and valproate results primarily from displacement from plasma proteins. The resulting increase in the free fraction of phenytoin alters the relationship between total phenytoin concentration and the drug's pharmacologic effect. Thus, clinical evidence of toxicity may be present at concentrations usually considered to be in the therapeutic range. PMID- 3146223 TI - Comparison of monotherapy with valproate and other antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of seizure disorders. AB - Comparative data strongly suggest that valproate is the drug of choice for patients with primary and secondarily generalized epilepsies and that it is as effective as other antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of less clearly defined or partial epilepsies beginning in adult life. In simple absence epilepsy, several studies found no significant difference in efficacy between valproate and ethosuximide. In all primary generalized epilepsies, valproate has in many studies produced an excellent response, with one comparative study showing that valproate was as effective as phenytoin. Infantile spasms responded as well to valproate as to adrenocorticotropic hormone in several studies, while valproate produced fewer side effects. More long-term studies designed to compare the efficacy of monotherapy with valproate with that of other antiepileptic drugs are needed, and several are underway in both Europe and the United States. PMID- 3146224 TI - Side effects of valproate. AB - In the management of epilepsy, selecting an antiepileptic drug appropriate for each individual patient requires matching the patient's clinical needs with the agent's specific pharmacologic attributes. In many situations, the final choice of an antiepileptic drug is based upon an agent's side-effect profile. Because side-effect profiles emerge gradually as the number of patients treated expands from the thousands to the hundreds of thousands, it is helpful to periodically update our perspective of side effects of antiepileptic drugs. For valproate, the frequency of side effects has been reduced by monitoring serum levels, using improved formulations, and limiting use in patients who have been identified as having a high risk for the development of a serious side effect. PMID- 3146225 TI - Review of valproate monotherapy in the treatment of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. AB - Well-controlled prospective studies have shown the benefits of converting treatment for patients with epilepsy from polytherapy to monotherapy. Results of trials with valproate have demonstrated its efficacy as monotherapy in patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Several studies have found no significant differences between valproate and phenytoin and carbamazepine in the treatment of partial seizures. In studies in which patients were diagnosed as having one of the primary generalized epilepsies, the response rate of tonic-clonic seizures to valproate establishes valproate as the drug of choice in the epilepsy syndromes with primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures. PMID- 3146226 TI - Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. Report of three cases with the evaluation of tissue proteinase activity. AB - Three cases of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis showing typical clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural findings are reported. In one, gastric cancer occurred; in the other two cases, severe polyarthritis was the only detectable internal involvement. The serine proteinases, urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activator, were evaluated both with the autohistographic technique and spectrophotometric assay in lesional skin and synovia. Urokinase levels appeared grossly increased in the lesional synovia and moderately increased in the lesional skin. We suggest that urokinase, presumably released by the activated proliferating histiocytes, may play a major role in the extracellular matrix degradation leading to erosion of cartilage and adjacent bone in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. PMID- 3146227 TI - Cutaneous malignant melanoma in a black patient with neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease). AB - A unique case of a cutaneous malignant melanoma arising in a black man with a familial history of neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease) is reported. Although neurofibromatosis is believed to be a disorder of neural crest origin that is associated with a number of different malignancies, a definite association of malignant melanoma with neurofibromatosis has not been reported. The presence of a malignant melanoma arising on the trunk of a black man suggests an association of cutaneous malignant melanoma and neurofibromatosis--a malignancy and genodermatosis, respectively--of ultimate neural crest origin. PMID- 3146228 TI - Chronic alcohol ingestion decreases pituitary-thyroid axis measures in Fischer 344 rats. AB - In a chronic feeding study adult male Fischer-344 rats (n = 12) were fed a nutritionally complete liquid diet containing 10% (w/v) ethanol for 40 days while control animals (n = 12) were pair fed a nutritionally complete isocaloric diet in which dextrose was substituted for ethanol. Treated animals were gradually introduced to and withdrawn from the 10% diet. At the end of the study and at sacrifice ethanol-fed rats had gained slightly more weight than pair-fed controls. They also showed a significant decrease in total thyroxine, free thyroxine, L-triiodothyronine, reverse L-triiodothyronine, and basal thyroid stimulating hormone. These differences did not appear to result from caloric deprivation alone. Possible explanations for some of these thyroidal changes are discussed. PMID- 3146229 TI - Effects of ethanol on arachidonic acid incorporation into lipids of a plasma membrane fraction isolated from brain cerebral cortex. AB - In the presence of ATP, MgCl2, and CoASH, somal plasma membranes isolated from rat cerebral cortex were active in transferring arachidonic acid to phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylcholines, and triacylglycerols. Ethanol (350 525 mM) added to the incubation mixture inhibited arachidonic acid incorporation into phospholipids, while it enhanced the incorporation into triacylglycerols. Under these conditions, ethanol was found to react with arachidonic acid to form arachidonoyl ethyl ester. The incorporation of labeled arachidonic acid into glycerolipids as well as the synthesis of ethyl esters required the presence of ATP and CoASH for maximal activity. Nevertheless, each uptake process exhibited a unique pH profile. The esterification of arachidonic acid was not specific for ethanol as other aliphatic alcohols (e.g., propanol and butanol) were also able to react with labeled arachidonic acid to form the respective esters. Somal plasma membranes isolated from mice after chronic ethanol administration showed an increase in arachidonoyl transfer to both phospholipids and triacylglycerols. When these membranes were challenged with ethanol (325 mM), those isolated from the chronic ethanol group showed a greater increase in the labeling of triacylglycerols and ethyl esters than those from controls. Thus, different acyltransferases exhibite different responses to the effects of ethanol in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 3146230 TI - Suggestive evidence of genetic linkage between alcoholism and the MNS blood group. AB - Thirty nuclear families ascertained through an alcoholic proband were studied using segregation and linkage analyses. Linkage was investigated between a putative alcoholism susceptibility (AS) gene and six blood group markers: ABO, Rhesus, Duffy, Kidd, Kell, and MNS. Evidence is presented suggestive of linkage between susceptibility to alcoholism and the MNS blood group. PMID- 3146231 TI - [Complaints in the postoperative phase related to anesthetics]. AB - In two prospective, randomized studies the frequency of headache, nausea, vomiting, and analgesic requirement during the first postoperative 24 h was observed in order to study differences between the sexes and the inhalation anesthetics halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, or balanced anesthesia with enflurane/alfentanil. Nausea and vomiting were more frequent after enflurane than after halothane or isoflurane. There was no significant difference between anesthetics and frequency of headache, but there were significant differences in postoperative analgesic requirements which were highest after halothane and lowest after isoflurane. Postoperative complaints were always significantly greater among women than among men. The second study indicated that balanced anesthesia did not reduce the analgesic requirement compared to enflurane without alfentanil, but lead to a higher incidence of vomiting. After premedication with flunitrazepam and atropine and combined with 70% N2O/30% O2, isoflurane was the most favorable anesthetic agent with regard to the parameters studied. Balanced anesthesia with enflurane/alfentanil did not show any advantages for patients in the postoperative phase under the given conditions. PMID- 3146232 TI - Solid-phase peptide quantitation assay using labeled monoclonal antibody and glutaraldehyde fixation. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay utilizing iodinated peptide-specific monoclonal antibody as a detection system instead of labeled peptide has been developed. Regional specific monoclonal antibodies to either gastrin-releasing peptide or gastrin were used as models to validate the general application of our modified assay. Conditions for radioactive labeling of the monoclonal antibody were determined to minimize oxidant damage, which compromises the sensitivity of other reported peptide quantitation assays. Pretreatment of 96-well polyvinyl chloride test plates with a 5% glutaraldehyde solution resulted in consistent retention of sufficient target peptide on the solid-phase matrix to allow precise quantitation. This quantitative method is completed within 1 h of peptide solid phasing. Pretreatment of assay plates with glutaraldehyde increased binding of target peptide and maximized antibody binding by optimizing antigen presentation. The hypothesis that glutaraldehyde affects both peptide binding to the plate and orientation of the peptide was confirmed by analysis of several peptide analogs. These studies indicate that peptide binding was mediated through a free amino group leaving the carboxy-terminal portion of the target peptide accessible for antibody binding. It was observed that the length of the peptide also affects the amount of monoclonal antibody that will bind. Under the optimal conditions, results from quantitation of gastrin-releasing peptide in relevant samples agree well with those from previously reported techniques. Thus, we report here a modified microplate assay which may be generally applied for the rapid and sensitive quantitation of peptide hormones. PMID- 3146233 TI - Purification, amino terminal analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins after in situ postelectrophoretic fluorescent labeling. AB - Proteins fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were stained in situ with either 5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthalene sulfonyl chloride (dansyl chloride) or fluorescein isothiocyanate. This staining procedure can be carried out in less than 30 min without previous fixation of the proteins. It is not dependent on such factors as charge or molecular weight of the proteins and can detect 50 ng of protein in a 10-mm-wide gel slot. Fluorescent staining with dansyl chloride was used to localize proteins after electrophoresis for subsequent electroelution, amino terminal analysis, and peptide mapping. The electroelution can be carried out in less than 3 h with yields approaching 100%. The staining of only one strip of a preparative gel allowed the electroelution of proteins without covalent modification. For amino terminal analysis, identical results were obtained when the hydrolysis step was carried out after electroelution or directly in the gel pieces. The peptide mapping can be carried out with the proteins in solution (after electroelution) or directly in the gel pieces. The amino terminal and peptide mapping analysis of each protein in a mixture can be completed within 30 h from the beginning of the electrophoretic fractionation. The method appears to be applicable to a wide range of proteins showing very different biochemical properties. PMID- 3146234 TI - Apparent ornithine decarboxylase activity, measured by 14CO2 trapping, after frozen storage of rat tissue and rat tissue supernatants. AB - Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity of rat tissues was measured by the standard 14CO2 trapping method after frozen storage (-60 or -70 degrees C) of the tissues or their 105,000g supernatants. True ODC activity was determined by two methods: (a) addition of the inhibitors alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific irreversible inhibitor of ODC, or aminooxyacetate (AOA), an inhibitor that blocks the decarboxylation of ornithine by mitochondrial enzymes; and (b) chromatographic analysis of the reaction products. In the frozen supernatants of liver and spleen, ODC activity changed only slightly after 1 day but increased 29 and 14%, respectively, by 30 days; activity in kidney supernatant decreased 17% after 1 day and remained near that level at 30 days. Kidney and spleen ODC activity was inhibited 90-100% by DFMO, but apparent liver ODC activity was inhibited only 60-75%. In the supernatant prepared from tissue stored frozen for 1 day, apparent ODC activity in liver increased 500% over that activity in the freshly prepared supernatant; at 23 days, apparent activity increased 755% for liver and 121% for kidney. After 23 days, DFMO did not inhibit apparent ODC activity in supernatants from frozen liver and inhibited ODC in frozen kidney by only 49%. With AOA, the ODC activities of the fresh and frozen supernatants were similar, indicating that the large increase in apparent ODC activity in frozen tissue was due to artifacts from the metabolism of ornithine via the mitochondrial pathway. HPLC analysis of the reaction products resulting from the incubation of uniformly labeled [14C]ornithine with the fresh and frozen preparations indicated no increase in putrescine with the frozen preparation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3146235 TI - [Microvesicles of secretory nerve endings of the neurohypophysis are biochemically similar to small synaptic vesicles of nerve terminals]. PMID- 3146236 TI - [Retinal dopaminergic deficiencies and pattern vision in primates: effect of intravitreal administration of 6-OH-dopamine in Macaca fascicularis]. PMID- 3146237 TI - [Indirect immunofluorescence in screening for Brucella infections in man]. PMID- 3146238 TI - [Action of xibornol on cell division and macromolecular synthesis of gram positive bacterias]. PMID- 3146239 TI - [Osmolality of solutions for parenteral nutrition. Comparison of experimental results and calculated values for glucose, amino acid or electrolyte solutions]. PMID- 3146240 TI - [Measurement of jejunal absorption during the postoperative ileus stage with a D xylose test: consequences for immediate postoperative enteral feeding]. PMID- 3146241 TI - Polyclonal IgA in IgA nephropathy. AB - Polyclonality of IgA production in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) was studied to elucidate the immunological aberrations in patients with this disease. The amounts of IgG, IgA and IgM and their kappa/lambda ratios in sera and supernatants of lymphocyte cultures were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This method was sensitive enough to detect as little as 10% of monoclonal IgA in total IgA. The amount of IgA in IgAN was significantly increased in sera and supernatants without pokeweed-mitogen (PWM), but not changed in supernatants with PWM. There were no significant changes in the production of other immunoglobulins between IgAN and controls both in vivo and in vitro with and without addition of PWM. As far as the kappa/lambda ratios of immunoglobulins were concerned, no significant deviations were observed between IgAN and controls in any samples. These results indicated that increased IgA in patients with IgAN was polyclonal, supporting the concept of the heterogeneity of this disorder. PMID- 3146242 TI - Ophthalmo-acromelic syndrome. AB - We report two sibships with children who had anophthalmia, multiple limb abnormalities, and consanguineous parents. The same association of malformations has already been reported. These further observations allow a better delineation of the syndrome and confirm its autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. We propose to name the syndrome ophthalmo-acromelic. PMID- 3146243 TI - Hormone prevention of mammary carcinogenesis: a new approach in anticancer research. AB - The observation that chemically induced breast cancer is prevented when the mammary gland is completely differentiated by a full term pregnancy prior to exposure to a carcinogen, led us to test the hypothesis that synthetic ovarian hormones commonly used for the purpose of contraception might drive mammary gland differentiation enough to be protective from carcinogen--induced neoplastic transformation. This hypothesis was only partially proven, due to the unexpected finding that a high dose of the progestagenic agent medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), increased tumor incidence, whereas a similar dose of the mostly estrogenic norethynodrel--mestranol (NM) was protective. An additional finding was the fact that these two agents exerted a different action on thoracic than on abdominal mammary glands. MPA inhibited differentiation of TEBs in the former, but stimulated lobule development in the latter. This difference in response seemed to be associated to the asynchronous development of the mammary glands located in different topographic regions. These observations indicated that the response of the mammary gland epithelium with either differentiation or cell proliferation is in great part modulated by the condition of the target organ. Although the concept of hormone prevention of breast cancer promises to be an achievable goal, there are still basic fundamental questions that need to be answered. First, how do estrogens and progesterone act on the mammary epithelium, second, what is the sequence in which they act on the mammary gland in order to induce differentiation of the organ, third, why the same homonal milieu in a single animal results in asynchronous development of glands located in thoracic versus those in the abdominal region. PMID- 3146244 TI - [Effect of combinations of immunomodulators on phagocytosis]. AB - The effect of levamisole, prodigiozan and lithium carbonate combinations on antimicrobial activity of blood neutrophils and peritoneal macrophages was studied on mice. The combinations were used in single doses. An increase in stimulation of phagocytosis with respect to staphylococci was observed after the use of prodigiozan in combination with lithium carbonate. Levamisole and lithium carbonate were antagonistic with respect to macrophagal phagocytosis. No advantage of the combined use of prodigiozan and levamisole to their use alone was shown. PMID- 3146246 TI - [Effect of electric stimulation of the supraoptic nucleus on mammillary polydipsia]. PMID- 3146245 TI - [Mucopolysaccharidosis VII: familial study]. PMID- 3146247 TI - [Diagnostic results of the TRH stimulation test. Comparative study in different definitions of endogenous depression]. PMID- 3146248 TI - [Practical attitude in acute hepatitis in children]. PMID- 3146249 TI - [Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in children]. PMID- 3146251 TI - Selection for high and low mating propensity in Drosophila ananassae. PMID- 3146250 TI - Allocating resources in perinatal medicine: a proposal. PMID- 3146252 TI - Genetic variability of sexual behavior in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 3146253 TI - [Study of the specificity of human lysosomal glycolipid hydrolases using synthetic fluorogenic substrates]. AB - On the basis of o-acylamino-4-methylumbelliferon, a number of beta-galactosides and beta-glucosides have been synthesized. The fluorogenic compounds obtained differ by the length of acyl residues. 6- and 8-hexadecanoylamino-4 methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactopyranosides (6-HMGal and 8-HMGal) are shown to be substrates for human galactocerebroside-beta-D-galactosidase. 6-HMGal analogues with shorter acyl residues, octanoyl (OMGal) and butanoyl (BMGal), were cleaved by another type of beta-galactosidase, GM1-ganglioside-beta galactosidase. It has been established that 6-hexadecanoylamino-4 methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (HMGlc) is cleaved by human and animal glucocerebrosidase much slower than its chromogenic analogue (HMGlc). OMGlc did not exceed HNGlc either, though it is cleaved by glucocerebrosidase faster than HMGlc. PMID- 3146254 TI - [Interaction of muscle glycogen phosphorylase b with riboflavin, its tetraacetyl derivative and their analogs]. AB - The interaction of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase b with riboflavin, 2',3',4',5'-tetraacetylriboflavin and their analogues, containing different substituents in the positions 6, 8 and 8 alpha, has been studied. Dissociation constant for the complex of the enzyme and riboflavin was determined to be 12.5 microM (pH 6.8; 20 degrees C) by sedimentation velocity method. Riboflavin and its analogues have been found to inhibit glycogen phosphorylase b. The inhibitor half-saturation concentration values increase in the following order: riboflavin (18 microM), 8-methoxy(nor)rifoblavin (23 microM), 8 alpha bromo-2',3',4',5'-tetraacetylriboflavin (40 microM), 6-bromoriboflavin (40 microM), 8 alpha-hydroxyriboflavin (60 microM), 8-hydroxy(nor)riboflavin (90 microM), 8 alpha-(gamma-carboxypropylamino-2',3',4',5'-tetraacetylriboflav in (90 microM), 8 alpha-[p-(5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiodiazol-2-ylsulfamido)phenylamino ]- 2',3',4',5'-tetraacetylriboflavin (100 microM), 8 alpha-(L-methionyno) 2',3',4',5'-tetraacetylriboflavin (120 microM), 8 alpha-[p-(thiazol-2 ylsulfamido)phenylamino]- 2',3',4',5'-tetraacetylriboflavin (140 microM), 8 alpha (p-sulfamidophenylamino)-2',3',4',5'-tetraacetylriboflavi n (180 microM), 8 alpha (p-carboxyphenylamino)-2',3',4',5'-tetraacetylriboflavin+ ++ (210 microM), 2',3',4',5'-tetraacetylriboflavin (250 microM), 8 alpha-(L-homoserino) 2',3',4',5'-tetraacetylriboflavin (340 microM), 8 alpha-(L-glutamo)-2',3',4',5' tetraacetylriboflavin (360 microM). The existence of glycogen phosphorylase b complexes with riboflavin and its analogues has been proved by methods of absolute and difference spectrophotometry. PMID- 3146255 TI - [Inhibition of muscle glycogen phosphorylase b by 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, 3'-chloro- and 3',6'-dichloromethotrexates]. AB - Inhibition of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase b by 5-methyl-5,6,7,8 tetrahydrofolic acid, 3'-chloro- and 3',5'-dichloromethotrexates has been studied. The inhibition is reversible and characterized by positive kinetic cooperativity (Hill coefficient exceeds 1). The values of pterin concentration causing two-fold diminishing of the enzymatic reaction rate increased in the order: 3',5'-dichloromethotrexate, 3'-chloromethotrexate, 5-methyl-5,6,7,8 tetrahydrofolic acid (0.24, 0.40 and 1.87 mM, respectively). Comparison of "half saturation" concentrations for the above compounds and for methotrexate and folinic acid shows that pterin affinity to glycogen phosphorylase b is affected by substituents both in pteridine and in p-aminobenzoic moieties of the pterin molecule. The antagonism between 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, 3'-chloro and 3',5'-dichloromethotrexates, on the one hand, and AMP and FMN, on the other, is revealed for combined action of modifiers on glycogen phosphorylase b. PMID- 3146256 TI - Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of IgE antibodies specific to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. AB - Allergy to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was determined in 61 rhinitis patients using prick test (PT), enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 43 patients tested positive with PT. Forty six patients were positive when tested with EIA and ELISA. With PT as standard test, EIA was found to have 83.7% sensitivity and 44.4% specificity; ELISA had 81.4% sensitivity and 38.9% specificity. There was a linear relationship between absorbance values obtained by EIA and ELISA. The performance time was 8 hours, 24 hours and 30 minutes for ELISA, EIA and PT respectively. The cost per test for ELISA, EIA and PT was US$ 0.20, US$ 5.20 and US$ 0.14 respectively. It was concluded that ELISA was more cost-effective than EIA should be used to supplement PT for a more complete diagnosis of allergy. PMID- 3146257 TI - Lupus anticoagulant and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. PMID- 3146258 TI - [Liver biopsy findings in AIDS]. PMID- 3146260 TI - Bibliography of the current world literature on AIDS. PMID- 3146261 TI - Prophylactic and maintenance therapy for opportunist infections in AIDS. PMID- 3146259 TI - Ethanol-induced alterations in exocrine pancreatic amino acid transport and secretion. AB - The effects of ethanol on exocrine pancreatic amino acid transport and secretion were investigated during perfusion of the isolated rat pancreas with ethanol concentrations ranging from 0.06% to 4.1%. Amino acid transport was quantitated using a rapid dual isotope dilution technique in which unidirectional substrate uptake (15-20 sec) is assessed relative to an extracellular tracer. Pancreatic secretion evoked by 0.3 microM carbachol was abolished during perfusion with 0.32% ethanol. Influx of L-lysine, L-serine and methylaminoisobutyric acid (MeAIB) was marginally increased by 0.32% ethanol but significantly inhibited during subsequent perfusion with 1.28-4.1% ethanol. Pancreatic oxygen consumption and effluent PCO2 levels decreased with increasing ethanol concentration, and the control venous pH (7.21 +/- 0.01, n = 8) gradually approached arterial pH values (7.46 +/- 0.02, n = 9). These results indicate that low concentrations of ethanol readily inhibit secretagogue-induced pancreatic secretion. Amino acid transport at the basolateral membrane of the exocrine pancreatic epithelium appears only to be inhibited after acute exposure to high ethanol concentrations. PMID- 3146262 TI - Antibodies to soluble CD4 in HIV-1-infected individuals. AB - A direct enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using the recombinant soluble form of CD4 (sCD4) produced in rodent cells as antigen was applied to detect antibodies to CD4 in sera from HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected patients. High titers of antibodies to sCD4 were found in sera from 12.6% of the HIV-1-infected persons included in this study, but not in 120 normal human sera. The reactivity of these antibodies with sCD4 was confirmed by a Western blot analysis. A possible anti-idiotypic origin of those antibodies was thought to be unlikely in view of the lack of inhibition of the binding of the biotin-labeled monoclonal antibody (mAb) anti-Leu3a by sCD4 positive sera. Attempts to correlate the evolution of the disease with the presence or absence of antibodies to sCD4 in a panel of well documented HIV-1 seropositive cases did not reveal any clear correlation. Sera from HIV-2-infected people (nine sera analysed), sera from HIV-1-infected chimpanzees (10 sera analysed) and sera from humans immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing gp160 (10 sera analysed) scored negative for antibodies to sCD4. The possible origin and biological significance of the observed antibodies to sCD4 are discussed. PMID- 3146263 TI - Detection of anti-CD4 autoantibodies in the sera of HIV-infected patients using recombinant soluble CD4 molecules. AB - The use of purified recombinant soluble CD4 (sT4) allowed the detection of high titers of anti-CD4 immunoglobulins in the sera of three out of 33 HIV-infected patients. Binding of these antibodies to sT4 was first detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and their reactivity in the assay was blocked in a dose-dependent manner by preincubation with sT4. The antibodies could also immunoprecipitate iodinated sT4, but they failed to recognize CD4 expressed on the surface of CD4+ lymphocytes or cell lines. An ELISA which used as an antigen a truncated soluble CD4 molecule containing only the first two amino-terminal domains of the CD4 molecule did not react with these sera in ELISA, nor did it block antibody binding to sT4. Both these human sera and Leu3a, a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) which recognizes an epitope of CD4 close to the HIV binding site, failed to compete with one another for binding to sT4. Because these antibodies did not recognize epitope(s) of the CD4 molecule close to the HIV binding site, they are not likely to be anti-idiotypic antibodies directed against anti-HIV envelope antibodies. The exact location of the recognized epitope(s), as well as the role, if any, of these antibodies in the pathophysiology of HIV infection remains to be determined. PMID- 3146264 TI - Transmission of HIV-1 within a statewide prison system. AB - To assess the incidence of infection with HIV-1 in the Maryland state prison system, inmates with excess sera stored from specified intake periods between April and June 1985 and 1986 were approached in May 1987 to volunteer for venipuncture. Of the 2286 inmates for whom intake specimens were stored, 1038 (45.4%) no longer incarcerated as of April 1987 were excluded from the study; another 319 missed the survey. Of the 929 eligible inmates approached for the study, 446 (48%) consented and 422 (94.6%) provided a specimen. Twenty-nine (6.6%) were confirmed seropositive at time of entry into prison, indicating that infection had occurred prior to incarceration. Baseline seropositives were more likely (P less than 0.05) to be non-violent offenders, committed in Baltimore City, and black. The 393 participants seronegative at baseline provided a total of 482 prison-years of potential exposure to infection. Two inmates seroconverted with baseline specimens seronegative on Western blot and follow-up sera confirmed positive; their duration of pre-incarceration detention was 69 and 146 days, respectively. No interruption of incarceration was recorded for these two inmates. The rate of infection in this prison sample, which does not include an average of 2 months of pre-incarceration detention for the study sample, was 0.41% per prison-year. PMID- 3146265 TI - HIV surveillance by testing saliva. AB - Saliva specimens were tested for HIV antibody (anti-HIV) by an immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody capture radioimmunoassay (GACRIA) and three sensitive commercial assays. In tests on 460 seronegative subjects and 196 seropositive subjects GACRIA was 99.8% specific and 100% sensitive. The Wellcome HIV monoclonal and Abbott recombinant DNA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were also highly specific (99.8%, 100%) but they were less sensitive (90.9%, 82.0%). The Fujirebio particle agglutination assay was sensitive (97.8%) but its specificity was poor (84.1%). In testing saliva specimens from populations with an anti-HIV prevalence greater than 0.5%, sampling by GACRIA alone could provide a good estimate of the true prevalence. For true prevalences less than 0.5% good estimates could only be obtained if positive GACRIA reactions were confirmed by another independent salivary assay. Salivary testing for anti HIV is a convenient and potentially an accurate epidemiological tool. PMID- 3146266 TI - Syringe HIV seroprevalence and behavioural and demographic characteristics of intravenous drug users in Sydney, Australia, 1987. AB - The contents of needles and syringes returned by intravenous drug users to two Sydney needle and syringe exchange centres were analysed for HIV antibodies by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Reactive and borderline samples were further tested by the Western blot method. Basic demographic and needle sharing data were also collected from the clients of the exchanges. Of a sample of 1544 returned syringes, 48 (3%) were confirmed as containing HIV-infected blood. The proportion of infected syringes at exchange 2 was 6% (33 out of 545), which was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than the proportion of exchange 1 at 1.5% (15 out of 999). The difference in seroprevalence between the two centres may be related to the behavioural characteristics of the client populations that attended each of the exchanges. The maintenance of a low syringe HIV seroprevalence (1-1.5%) over a 7-month period at one exchange may indicate that the availability of sterile needles and syringes prevented transmission of HIV among the clients of that exchange. HIV antibody testing of the contents of used syringes is a potentially valuable method of monitoring HIV infection among intravenous drug users. In this study, syringe exchange schemes have proved to be suitable venues for investigating the demographic characteristics and risk-taking behaviours of this population. PMID- 3146267 TI - Damage to jejunal intrinsic autonomic nerves in HIV infection. AB - Jejunal biopsies from 11 HIV-infected male homosexuals, without secondary enteropathogen infection, were examined at ultrastructural and light microscope level. Subjects were clinically categorized into four groups: asymptomatic (3), AIDS-related complex (4), persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (1), and AIDS (3). All 11 biopsies, including the three from asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals, showed extensive damage to autonomic nerve fibres in the lamina propria. These findings show that HIV infection damages the enteric autonomic nerves. Since asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals had similar damage, this appears to be an early event in the course of HIV infection. PMID- 3146268 TI - Isolation and characterization of HIV-2 from an AIDS patient in Ghana. AB - This report describes the isolation and characterization of a retrovirus of the HIV-2 group from a Ghanaian AIDS patient which has different restriction patterns from previously reported HIV-2 viruses. The virus was morphologically very similar to HIV-1 and HIV-2, and had Mg2+-dependent reverse transcriptase. Like previous HIV isolates, it induced severe cytopathic effects in CD4-positive human lymphoid cell lines. Its major proteins were shown to be gp110, p66, p55, p41, gp32, p30 and p26 by Western blot analysis. In dot-blot hybridization experiments, the virus hybridized with a HIV-2 DNA probe, but not with HIV-1 and SIVagm probes in stringent conditions. These data indicate that this Ghanaian virus is a HIV-2 group virus. However, in a Southern blot hybridization experiment, the restriction patterns of this virus, designated HIV-2 [GH-1], were quite different from those of previously reported HIV-2 viruses from West Africa isolated at the Pasteur Institute. PMID- 3146269 TI - Detection of HIV-2 antibodies using five commercial HIV enzyme immunoassays. PMID- 3146271 TI - Determinants of reported burnout in health professionals associated with the care of patients with AIDS. PMID- 3146270 TI - Suppression of HIV p24 antigen and induction of HIV anti-p24 antibody by alpha interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis B. AB - Five HIV p24 antigen (p24Ag)-positive patients received alpha interferon during trials of therapy for hepatitis B. Four of these showed marked falls in p24Ag during treatment. One of the two patients who became p24Ag-negative [corrected] developed anti-p24 antibodies (anti-p24). Five out of nine p24Ag-negative HIV antibody-positive patients showed a rise in anti-p24 titres during interferon therapy, whereas only two out of six untreated controls showed a similar rise. This study provides evidence that alpha interferon has anti-HIV activity in vivo. PMID- 3146272 TI - Decline of naturally acquired antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen in HIV-1 infected homosexual men. PMID- 3146273 TI - Poor lifestyle modification among intravenous drug users assisted at a sexually transmitted disease clinic for HIV infection diagnosis, Madrid, 1987. PMID- 3146274 TI - Significance of HIV antibody testing as a preventive measure in intravenous drug users. PMID- 3146275 TI - Antibody detection of HIV envelope and core proteins. PMID- 3146276 TI - HIV p24 antigen in brains of children with AIDS: the antigen-containing cells do not react with monoclonal antibody to OKT4 or macrophage markers. PMID- 3146277 TI - Reactivity to gag- and env-related proteins in immunoblot assay is not necessarily indicative of HIV infection. PMID- 3146278 TI - HIV-2-induced AIDS in southern Africa. PMID- 3146279 TI - The developmental field concept, Part 2. PMID- 3146280 TI - Developmental field theory and observations--accidental progress? PMID- 3146281 TI - The DiGeorge anomaly as a developmental field defect. AB - The DiGeorge "syndrome" is a characteristic malformation pattern involving craniofacial, cardiac, thymic, and parathyroid structures. Evidence is accumulating that the DiGeorge "syndrome" is actually not a syndrome, but a polytopic developmental field defect. We present evidence of causal heterogeneity of the DiGeorge anomaly. This heterogeneity will be discussed in the light of recent findings that indicate that the dysmorphogenetically reactive unit responsible for the phenotype of the DiGeorge anomaly is a population of cephalic neural crest cells. PMID- 3146282 TI - Hemifacial microsomia, ipsilateral facial palsy, and malformed auricle in two families: an autosomal dominant malformation. AB - Hemifacial microsomia, ipsilateral facial palsy and anomalies of the auricle were observed in father and son in two families. This combination of anomalies is a causally heterogeneous developmental field defect which may occur rarely as an autosomal dominant trait. PMID- 3146283 TI - A patient with median cleft face anomaly and bilateral Goldenhar anomaly. AB - We describe a girl with a median cleft face anomaly and oculoauriculovertebral "dysplasia" (bilateral Goldenhar anomaly). The facial anomalies in this child are thought to be due to malfusion of neural crest cells of midline, lateral, and oblique facial processes. Disturbances of these migrating waves of neural crest cells may result in maldevelopment of the intercanthal area, nose, lip, palate, lower eyelid, and lateral aspect of mouth and ear. Except for cleft palate, all of these anomalies are present in this case. The child might have a new "syndrome" which we propose be called oculoauriculofrontonasal anomaly. PMID- 3146284 TI - A new autosomal dominant acrofacial dysostosis syndrome. AB - We report on a family in which a previously undescribed acrofacial dysostosis syndrome is segregating as an autosomal dominant trait. Craniofacial manifestations are those of mild mandibulofacial dysostosis and are quite constant among affected relatives. The acral abnormalities are quite variable, affecting predominantly the radial ray. Variability extends from thumb duplication in one patient to mild hypoplasia of the first metacarpal and first proximal phalanx in most affected individuals. Mandibulofacial dysostosis is a causally nonspecific malformation and as such represents an apparently monotopic developmental field defect. Its occurrence with acral anomalies in several conditions of different cause represents a polytopic developmental field defect. PMID- 3146285 TI - Imperforate anus in 700,000 consecutive liveborn infants. AB - We have studied the incidence of imperforate anus (anorectal atresia and stenosis) occurring in almost 700,000 consecutive liveborn infants in British Columbia (B.C.) from 1964-1982 using the records of a health surveillance registry which uses multiple sources of ascertainment. The estimated incidence rate was 1 in 2,524 live births (273 cases out of 689,118 consecutive liveborn infants). Data pertaining to sex ratio, additional anomalies, recurrence, and mortality were also analyzed over the period 1952-1983. Additional anomalies were common in infants with anorectal atresia and stenosis; approximately 6 out of 10 cases had anomalies outside the anorectal canal. Skeletal and limb anomalies were frequent, occurring in almost one-third of patients. Also common were genitourinary anomalies, occurring in one-third of patients. Details of associated anomalies occurring in these infants are given, and clinical implications arising from the study regarding the neonatal assessment of infants with imperforate anus are discussed. PMID- 3146286 TI - Familial diaphragmatic defects: early prenatal diagnosis and evidence for major gene inheritance. AB - Congenital diaphragmatic defect (CDD) is a relatively common malformation and results in neonatal death in over 50% of affected infants [Harrison and de Lorimier, 1981]. Although most cases are sporadic, familial aggregation occurs, and controversy exists as to whether this is a "multifactorial" or autosomal recessive trait. Statistical genetic analysis of affected families has not been reported. We report on two new families with multiple occurrence of CDD. In one of the families, the lesion was detected in the fetus by ultrasound at 14 weeks, the earliest reported prenatal diagnosis of CDD. Segregation analysis of our data and of 17 additional multiplex families from the literature led to the conclusion that the autosomal recessive hypothesis cannot be rejected. Multifactorial determination is rejected by the data. The analyses are complicated by several factors, including phenotypic variability, probable genetic heterogeneity, and inadequate description of defects and studies of first-degree relatives. Recurrence risk figures based on a model of multifactorial determination give an underestimate of risk in multiplex families and should not be used until the major gene model is rejected or heterogeneity is clearly demonstrated. PMID- 3146287 TI - Polycystic kidney and cardiovascular malformation association. AB - A population-based unselected registry material involving 1,038 unidentified multiple congenital anomalies had 16 unrelated cases with polycystic kidney and congenital cardiovascular malformation. The syntropy index of this combination was 4. The family study detected one specific and two half-concordant sib occurrences. The so-called "polycystic kidney and cardiovascular malformation" association with variable expression may be a MCA entity. PMID- 3146288 TI - Isolated diaphragmatic defect in three sibs. AB - We describe three sisters with unilateral agenesis of the diaphragm. No other anomalies were present. As a developmental field defect, diaphragmatic defect is, by definition, causally heterogeneous, and may be seen in several syndromes. Whereas most isolated diaphragmatic defects are likely multifactorially determined, monogenic forms seem to exist. PMID- 3146289 TI - Genetic analysis of cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Chinese kindreds. AB - Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL +/- P) affects 1 in 500-1,000 newborns worldwide; the cause remains unclear. For CL +/- P, Asians are at higher risk than Caucasians or Blacks. This report presents the results of a genetic analysis of 163 CL +/- P proband families ascertained in Shanghai, China. Based on statistical tests of several predictions from the classical multifactorial/threshold model, no evidence could be found to support it. Further, goodness-of-fit (PGOODFIT) tests of this model were also unsupportive, there being more families with two or more affected sibs than expected. Classical segregation analysis for Mendelian inheritance showed a maximum likelihood estimate of the segregation ratio of 0.187 +/- 0.068. This value was not significantly less than 0.25 (recessive inheritance) but was significantly less than 0.50 (dominant inheritance). Sex ratio data from these Chinese families suggest that manifestation of the putative single major gene is sex influenced. The apparent reduced penetrance is likewise to be expected if manifestation of CL +/- P also depends on in utero exposure to deleterious environmental agents, as demonstrated in a variety of human and animal model studies. PMID- 3146290 TI - Gollop-Wolfgang complex in a 3-month-old girl. PMID- 3146291 TI - Ulnar ray a/hypoplasia: evidence for a developmental field defect on the basis of genetic heterogeneity. Report of three Brazilian families. AB - We report on five Brazilian patients from three unrelated families with congenital anomalies of the upper limbs. Ulnar aplasia/hypoplasia was the main reason for examining these patients. Evidence for existence of an ulnar developmental field is based on genetic heterogeneity. Clinical and genetic aspects of the ulnar ray defects are discussed. PMID- 3146293 TI - Fibular a/hypoplasia: review and documentation of the fibular developmental field. AB - Fibular aplasia and/or hypoplasia is documented as a developmental field defect and the extent of the fibular developmental field is delineated. The term fibular a/hypoplasia denotes the clinical spectrum of fibular deficiency in different patients and also implies that aplasia can be present in one limb and hypoplasia in the other. Causal heterogeneity of fibular a/hypoplasia is demonstrated, thereby defining it as a developmental field defect. Most cases of fibular a/hypoplasia are isolated, sporadic events. An autosomal dominant form of isolated fibular a/hypoplasia with ankle joint anomaly is reviewed. Fibular a/hypoplasia may be part of more complex sporadic dysostoses; sporadic syndromes, an aneuploidy syndrome; several autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive conditions. Fibular a/hypoplasia is also postulated to occur as a result of disruption or teratogenic insult; in animals, fibular development can be disturbed by radiation, busulfan, and retinoic acid. Clinical data allow evaluation of the extent of the fibular developmental field of the lower limb. This appears to include the pubic portion of the pelvis, proximal femur (distal half being apparent tibial developmental territory), patella, anterior cruciate ligament, and lateral and/or axial foot rays (but "never" the hallux and almost never associated with polydactyly). The rare cases of fibuloulnar dimelia allow confirmation of the well known homology of mesomelic limb segments responsible for concordant ulnar and fibular (and radial and tibial) defect, if both upper and lower limbs are involved in a given condition. Because fibular a/hypoplasia is the commonest of the mesomelic paraxial hemimelias, is usually nonsyndromal, and in most cases is apparently nongenetic (ie, with negligible recurrence risk), we propose that in humans, as in several other tetrapods, the fibula is undergoing regressive evolution and hence is developmentally especially labile. PMID- 3146292 TI - Parent to child transmission of the thrombocytopenia absent radius (TAR) syndrome. AB - We report on cases of the thrombocytopenia absent radius syndrome (TAR) in a family with the first documented occurrence of parent-to-child transmission. At least three other families have been reported in which TAR has been transmitted across generations. The pattern of transmission in these cases is not consistent with the simple autosomal recessive mode of inheritance which has been proposed. TAR syndrome may be a genetically heterogeneous disorder of the result of one of a group of related alleles. Given the increasing evidence for genetic and causal heterogeneity in TAR together with its similarity to conditions such as Holt Oram, WT Limb-Blood and SC-Roberts Phocomelia syndromes it may be reasonable to view TAR as a developmental field defect rather than a genetic syndrome. Genetic counseling of affected individuals and their families should be modified to reflect the possibility of a recurrence risk as high as 50%. PMID- 3146294 TI - Caudal deficiency and asplenia anomalies in sibs. AB - The caudal deficiency and asplenia anomalies have been described separately in children. Two sibs with these two entities are described. Only another similar case, with caudal deficiency and polysplenia anomalies was found in the literature. It is possible that this association could be a new syndromic entity. An autosomal recessive mode of inheritance is suggested. PMID- 3146295 TI - Two sporadic cases of amelia/phocomelia with similar phenotype: rare and unusually symmetrical form of FFU dysostosis or separate entity? AB - We report on two infants born at term with amelia/phocomelia and a striking appearance with facial hemangiomas and micrognathia. The upper limbs were absent and the lower limbs were extremely short, containing only a tibia; the phocomelic feet lacked one to four lateral rays. There was no known teratogen exposure and the infants were born in different regions of the USA. This may be considered an unusually symmetrical and rare form of FFU dysostosis, or a separate entity. PMID- 3146296 TI - FG syndrome in a Brazilian child with additional previously unreported signs. AB - We report on a Brazilian child with typical manifestations of the FG syndrome. Pigmentary dysplasia, metacarpal fusion and peculiar anatomopathological findings are additional undescribed signs. PMID- 3146297 TI - Sibs with the polyasplenia developmental field defect. AB - We report on two brothers each with absent spleen, multiple cardiac defects, and varying degrees of situs inversus. One brother also had omphalocele; the other also had annular pancreas. These findings are consistent with a diagnosis of polyasplenia, a complex developmental field defect affecting visceral and cardiac situs, with associated spleen and heart defects. We also discuss familial cases from a developmental field perspective. PMID- 3146298 TI - An association of caudal malformations arising from a defect in the "axial mesoderm" developmental field. AB - We have studied two newborn infants with a remarkable genital malformation, failure of urethral development with enormous bladder distension, atresia of the distal hindgut, vertebral abnormalities, and compression deformities. This is a pattern of anomalies similar to, and probably an extension of, the association of female pseudohermaphroditism and other anomalies (FPA) described by Lubinsky [Am J Med Genet 6:123-136, 1980]. We propose that its pathogenesis involves a defect expressed in mesoderm, especially caudal mesoderm. We offer some speculation on what might be its nature, with particular reference to the theory of cell surface molecules having a role in morphogenesis. We apply the concept of the developmental field to provide a clarifying perspective. PMID- 3146299 TI - Congenital hypothalamic hamartoma associated with severe midline defect: a developmental field defect. Report of a case. AB - We describe a median "cleft" face anomaly (MCFA) with congenital hypothalamic hamartoma in a newborn girl. The MCFA was associated with a frontal midline skull lipoma and a complex congenital heart defect. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed, and a review of the pertinent literature is given. It is concluded that probably all malformations in our patient are disturbances of a single developmental field defect, ie, the midline. PMID- 3146300 TI - A cluster of Pallister-Hall syndrome cases, (congenital hypothalamic hamartoblastoma syndrome). AB - We report on three infants with hand anomalies and congenital hypopituitarism. In two of the cases, a hypothalamic tumor was found; the third infant died without postmortem brain studies. Family history in the first case suggested possible familial recurrence; the mother's sister had died at 17 hr of age with polydactyly, microglossia, and flat nasal bridge (no autopsy done). Our second case was born by cesarean section after a pregnancy complicated by extremely low maternal estriols. At birth, hypopituitarism was diagnosed, a cranial CT scan was read as normal, and hormonal replacement was begun with thyroxine, hydrocortisone, and growth hormone. At 11.5 mo of age she developed seizures; and a repeat CT scan showed a mass extending beneath the hypothalamus. This tumor was removed surgically at 12 mo, the first successful treatment of this disorder. Our third possible case had a bifid epiglottis, hypopituitarism, and hand anomalies. A CT scan at birth failed to reveal a mass in the hypothalamus. This child died from complications of untreated hypopituitarism, and no neuropathology studies were done. These three cases were conceived between March 10th and April 17th in three different years in three geographically contiguous counties of Vermont. Clustering in time and space and possible familial recurrence, in one of these cases, suggest a possible gene/environment interaction. PMID- 3146301 TI - Occurrence of holoprosencephaly in chromosome 13 disorders cannot be explained by duplication/deficiency of a single locus. AB - Four cases of holoprosencephaly with duplication/deletion involving chromosome 13 are presented and additional cases are summarized from the literature. When examined as a series, the duplications (trisomy 13, trisomy 13pter----q14) and deletions (deletion 13q12----qter, deletion 13q31----qter, ring 13 with deletion 13q14----qter) exclude deletion or duplication of single chromosome 13 bands as the cause for holoprosencephaly. Increased dosage of the 13pter----q14 region relative to the 13q14----qter region as the cause is also ruled out by the duplication 13q21----qter cases reported in the literature. Altered timing of forebrain development, causing reversion to a more primitive embryonic and phylogenetic brain structure, is related to dosage imbalance of at least two chromosome 13 regions. PMID- 3146302 TI - The arhinencephaly field defect. PMID- 3146303 TI - Neural tube defects: heterogeneity and homogeneity. AB - Detailed investigations were made on 150 fetuses with neural tube defects (NTD). After eliminating those with recognised causes, the rest were found to consist of fetuses with both isolated NTD and NTD with other developmental abnormalities. On evaluation of reproductive history, type and frequencies of NTD in pregnancies before conception, and sex of the fetuses involved, no demonstrable difference between these two types of NTD was found. Secondly, in those with additional developmental abnormalities, a significant clustering of developmental defects rather than a uniform distribution throughout abnormalities were found predominantly in cases of total craniorachischisis and upper thoracic spina bifida, less often in anencephaly and thoraco-lumbar spina bifida, and never in lumbo-sacral spina bifida. Thus it appears that there is not a random concurrence of other developmental abnormalities with NTD but a definite pattern. We suggest that this implies a connection between the developmental abnormality and the NTD and that the additional abnormalities arise due to mechanical induction by the particular specific disturbance of the neural tube and its surrounding tissues. The most important difference between isolated NTD and those with other associated abnormalities is that the disruption in development at neurulation is more far reaching in the latter than in the former. PMID- 3146304 TI - Frontonasal "dysplasia," cerebral anomalies, and polydactyly: report of a new syndrome and discussion from a developmental field perspective. AB - We describe a boy with frontonasal "dysplasia"; cerebral anomalies, including agenesis of corpus callosum and probable Dandy-Walker malformation (absent superior vermis, hypoplastic cerebellum and brain stem, and possible posterior fossa cyst in this case); short neck, relatively long trunk with short limbs; cryptorchidism; and polydactyly of hands and feet. We suspect he has a previously undescribed syndrome of presently unknown cause. We also discuss this case from a developmental field perspective, in view of the unusual combination of cerebral and facial defects. PMID- 3146305 TI - VATER and other associations: historical perspectives and modern interpretations. AB - Associations are statistically related groups of anomalies, and the VATER association probably is the best known example. The concept is widely used, but there are difficulties with both definition and delineation. An historical review is used to define implicit commonalities of associations. These commonalities are then used to develop a testable model which defines associations as derivatives of nonspecific teratologic events acting on developmental fields. Findings depend on the timing, location, and magnitude of these events, and reflect developmental constraints. This clarifies the nature of associations and provides guidelines for their study and use. PMID- 3146306 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome and DiGeorge anomaly: critical ethanol exposure periods for craniofacial malformations as illustrated in an animal model. AB - Acute maternal ethanl (alcohol) administration induces different craniofacial anomalies in the offspring of experimental animals, depending on the gestational day of teratogen exposure. Previous studies in our laboratories have illustrated the sequence of developmental changes leading to the "typical" fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) craniofacial phenotype which results from teratogen exposure during gastrulation. These facial features are accompanied by deficiencies in median forebrain derivatives. Ethanol teratogenesis at this time apparently results in a loss of midline territory of the embryonic disc with little effects on neural crest-dependent laterally derived structures including the visceral arches. Acute ethanol exposure in mice 1 1/2 days later, at a time when neural crest cells are populating the frontonasal prominence and the visceral arches, results in a craniofacial phenotype that is similar to that noted in the DiGeorge anomaly or sequence. Sequential scanning electron microscopic analysis in our laboratory of embryos exposed on day 8 1/2 have illustrated deficiencies in the developing facial prominences and the visceral arches. The developing forebrain and midbrain appear hypoplastic. We have also observed heart, great vessel, and thymus abnormalities in these fetuses. Histologic analyses indicate that a common pathogenetic basis for the above-mentioned (day 8 1/2-induced) fetal alcohol effects appears to be an interference with the integrity of the cranial (including occipital) neural crest. Other discrete cell populations may also be involved since we have observed abnormalities in other regions, including placodal and closing membrane tissues. This animal model provides evidence linking maternal ethanol abuse during the 3rd or 4th weeks of human gestation to the development in the conceptus of FAS or DiGeorge anomally craniofacial characteristics, respectively. As the DiGeorge anomaly has been noted in the offspring of alcoholic women, this animal model indicates that ethanol and/or its metabolites is, in these cases, the causative agent. PMID- 3146307 TI - Bibliography on ceroid-lipofuscinoses. PMID- 3146308 TI - Ceroid-lipofuscinoses. Batten disease and allied disorders. Proceedings of the international conference. Staten Island, New York, April 30 and May 1, 1987. PMID- 3146309 TI - Kufs disease: clinical features and forms. AB - In patients with an acceptable pathological diagnosis of Kufs disease, two major forms have been identified: Type A presenting as progressive myoclonus epilepsy around the age of 30, and Type B presenting in the same age range with dementia as well as cerebellar and/or extra-pyramidal signs. In adolescence, two subgroups of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (NCL) emerge. The first group consists of patients resembling either type A or B Kufs disease, but with earlier onset (20% of all cases). These must be distinguished from the second group of rare patients with protracted juvenile NCL presenting with early and prominent visual failure. Although Kufs disease is rare, diagnosis during life should now be possible. The advantages, techniques, and pitfalls of biopsy diagnosis are presented by Carpenter et al. [1988]. We believe that delineation of these two clinical syndromes should aid in the identification of other possible cases of Kufs disease, leading to appropriate pathological examinations to confirm the diagnosis. Knowledge of whether this clinical distinction is biologically meaningful must await the discovery of the more fundamental biochemical defects. PMID- 3146310 TI - The Newfoundland aggregate of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. AB - We have found a group of individuals with the late infantile, the early juvenile variant, and juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (NCL) in Newfoundland, an island with a population of 500,000. In the past 25 yr, we have ascertained 44 cases of NCL in 32 sibships: 32 cases of late infantile NCL (LINCL) in 24 sibships, 11 cases of the early juvenile variant in 7 sibships, and one patient with the juvenile form (JNCL). The clinical presentation of the LINCL patients is very characteristic, with onset of seizures at age 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 yr, frequently with drop attacks and myoclonic jerks, followed by mental deterioration, ataxia, visual loss, and death by the end of the first decade. Typical curvilinear profiles are seen on electron microscopy (EM). The second group of patients mainly have the early juvenile variant with onset of seizures at age 5 to 6 yr and fingerprint profiles with occasional curvilinear profiles on EM. However, a child with the juvenile form presenting with blindness was also encountered. In both of these types, death occurs in the second decade of life. There is no overlap of these three clinical forms within sibships, although both late infantile and early juvenile variant types may occur in the same small fishing village. All three forms appear to be inherited as autosomal recessive traits. Although the early juvenile variant has been postulated to represent a double heterozygote between LINCL and JNCL, this cannot be confirmed on the basis of the present study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3146311 TI - The English setter with ceroid-lipofuscinosis: a suitable model for the juvenile type of ceroid-lipofuscinosis in humans. AB - Genetic and histological examinations (light and EM) of tissues of an inbred line of English setters have proved that these dogs suffer a general metabolic autosomal recessive disease, canine ceroid-lipofuscinosis (CCL) almost identical to the human Stengel-Batten-Spielmeyer-Vogt disease, or neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). A controlled longitudinal morphologic study showed that the formation and accumulation of an autofluorescent lipopigment, identified as "ceroid" in the isolated state, appears in the neurons already in 2-day-old puppies and increases linearly with time. Clinical signs and symptoms develop after a distinct loss of neurocytoplasm and its functional organelles is demonstrable. At that time, loss of functional neuronal cytoplasm appears to result from pigment formation. Nerve cells which have suffered this fate will eventually die and disappear. The process leads to severe global neurologic disturbance and cerebral atrophy. By the time of death from the disease at age 20 to 27 months, brain weight is reduced to 60-70% of normal control animals. The English setter with CCL differs somewhat from humans in the degree of morphological damage to various layers of the retina. In human with NCL, there is a pronounced loss of photoreceptors in the end-stage of the disease, but in CCL only minimal structural damage is observed in the retina. For experimental treatment protocols for NCL, the CCL setter is a useful model. PMID- 3146312 TI - Morphological studies in canine (Dalmatian) neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. AB - Dalmatian dogs may develop a neuronal or generalized ceroid-lipofuscinosis (NCL) which strongly resembles that seen in English setters, especially as to the ultrastructural changes and ubiquity of the stored lipopigments and the retinal pathology, while differing clinically from the disorder of English setters in that the disease has a longer course of up to 5 or 6 yr. Clinical onset is at about age 6 months; however, an unequivocal morphological diagnosis is possible between the 4th and 5th month of life in biopsied skin. Detailed data of additional investigations are in progress and are awaiting later publication. Thus, NCL in the Dalmatian dog, though not yet as thoroughly investigated as NCL of the English setter, may provide another useful model for human NCL. Whether future biochemical studies will provide further similarities or even dissimilarities to NCL in English setters and in man remains to be seen. The cause of NCL in the canine and in humans is homozygosity of an autosomal recessive gene; however, the pathogenesis of the NCL in Dalmatian dogs is unknown as it is in English setters, other canine species, non-canine species, and in humans. PMID- 3146313 TI - Ovine ceroid-lipofuscinosis. I: Lipopigment composition is indicative of a lysosomal proteinosis. AB - The ceroid-lipofuscinoses are inherited lysosomal storage diseases of children and animals characterised by a fluorescent lipopigment stored in a variety of tissues. Defects in lipid metabolism or the control of lipid peroxidation have been postulated to explain their pathogenesis but the underlying biochemical defect is still unknown. In the present study lipopigment was isolated from liver, kidney, pancreas and brain of sheep affected with ceroid-lipofuscinosis. Approximately two-thirds of the lipopigment mass was protein. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a major polypeptide band of Mr 14,800, heterogeneous polypeptides between 5,000-9,000 Mr and a major band of Mr 3,500. These were not normal lysosomal proteins. I125 radiolabeling studies indicated that they were 47% of the pancreatic lipopigment mass, the 3,500 Mr polypeptides alone accounting for 26%. Lipopigment polypeptides were not subunits of a larger protein held together by disulphide bonds. The presence of the 3,500 Mr proteins in whole affected tissue homogenates distinguished them from homogenates of normal tissues. Lipopigment phospholipids were the same species as normal lysosomal phospholipids, including bis (monoacylglycero) phosphate, a lysosomal marker. Similarly the neutral lipids, notably dolichol, ubiquinone and dolichyl esters were typical of those in lysosomal membranes. Lipopigments contained 1-1.7% metals. Analyses of them indicated a functional lysosomal origin for the lipopigment. It was concluded that low Mr proteins are specifically stored in ovine ceroid-lipofuscinosis and that this disease is a lysosomal proteinosis. PMID- 3146314 TI - Ovine ceroid-lipofuscinosis II: Pathologic changes interpreted in light of biochemical observations. AB - Ceroid-lipofuscinosis is studied in a breed of sheep and the histochemical and ultrastructural changes are interpreted in light of the known chemical composition of cytosomes. It is concluded that the ovine disease is a lysosomal proteinosis. It is postulated that the multilamellar arrays reflect a complex three-dimensional structure of alternating lipid and protein with the proteinaceous component being specific polypeptides. This is supported by powder X-ray diffractions at 10A implying a repeating proteinaceous unit in the structures. The coherent size of diffracting units was remarkably similar to the periodicity of lamellae observed in electron micrographs of lipopigment cytosomes. The fluorescent and staining characteristics of lipopigment can be explained by the above conclusion and postulate. PMID- 3146315 TI - 4-Hydroxynonenal: a specific indicator for canine neuronal-retinal ceroidosis. AB - Previous attempts to demonstrate abnormalities in lipid peroxidation in various forms of the neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL) have been unrewarding up to and including the peroxide level (peroxidase). In this experiment a survey was made in a canine model of NCL to study the relative concentration of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a fragment derived from an acute oxidation product of unsaturated fatty acids. Peripheral blood cells and various tissues from an affected and a normal control dog were surveyed. HNE was assayed after reacting with O-(2,3,4,5,6 pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine to form the 4-hydroxynonenal (O pentafluorobenzyl) oxime. This reaction product was then separated by capillary gas liquid chromatography (g/c) and quantitated by flame ionization. The survey showed that neutrophils isolated from affected dogs and carriers contained abnormal amounts of HNE when compared with normal control animals. Two carriers had mean values of +3,289% above normal, and neutrophils from two affected animals were +4,873% above normal. In addition, an examination of the relative HNE levels in brain, retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and kidney of an affected dog compared with a control animal also showed abnormal levels of HNE, particularly in brain (+168%) and in the RPE (+135%), the two organs exhibiting the most severe pathologic damage unique to these disorders. These findings, although preliminary, clearly document a role for HNE in this canine form of human NCLs. The well-known cytotoxic properties of HNE and other alpha,beta unsaturated aldehydes suggest a primary role in the pathogenetic events of this disorder. PMID- 3146316 TI - Lipopigment in the aging brain. AB - Accumulation of lipopigments in neurons, glial, and other cells is the most characteristic change associated with the aging brain. Lipopigments are bipartite granules consisting of an autofluorescent electron-dense pigment and electron lucent lipid components. Both components are enclosed by a common, continuous unit membrane. Ceroid-lipofuscinosis granules are also autofluorescent and rich in lysosomal enzymes, as seen in aging lipopigments. However, the fingerprint (lamellar) profiles seen in ceroid granules are not present in the aging lipopigment. This is the major morphological difference between these two types of granules. Dolichols are highly enriched in both aging lipopigment and ceroid granules. The accumulation of dolichols in these granules may be an indicator of a decreased turnover rate of lysosomes resulting from a defect of lysosomal metabolism. Unlike brain, liver seems to be spared in ceroid lipofuscinosis. Using an animal model of ceroid lipofuscinosis, we will be able not only to investigate the steps involved in the formation of the lipopigment but also to explore why certain cells and organs are spared and others are affected. PMID- 3146317 TI - Decreased membrane fluidity of lymphocytes from patients with juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. AB - The storage material in neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL) apparently contains breakdown products of membrane lipids. The storage could be due to an unknown enzyme deficiency in the degradation of lipids or to an alteration of the lipid substrate within the plasma membrane. We investigated the membrane fluidity of intact lymphocytes in juvenile NCL (McKusick no. 20420) by steady-state fluorescence polarization. Fluorescent probes used were diphenylhexatriene (DPH), trimethylammonium-DPH (TMA-DPH), and a set of n-(9-anthroyloxy) fatty acids. Membrane fluidity was decreased in NCl (n = 12) vs. control lymphocytes when measured with the labels DPH, TMA-DPH, 6-, 7-(9-anthroyloxy) stearic acid, and 16 (9-anthroyloxy) palmitic acid (P less than 0.05). In order to check for the influence of anticonvulsants on membrane fluidity, we investigated 17 epileptic patients (without NCL) treated with anticonvulsants. Membrane fluidity was increased in these patients when measured with DPH and with the anthroyloxy probes. Our results indicate a decreased fluidity of the outer membrane leaflet in NCL lymphocytes which is independent of the effect of anticonvulsants. PMID- 3146319 TI - Batten disease: past, present, and future. AB - The name Batten disease (or neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis) is used to unify the spectrum of clinical and pathological conditions covered by the names infantile, late infantile, juvenile, and adult variants with their respective eponyms. The past was largely devoted to clinical diagnosis. The present is devoted to specific diagnostic tests. The future will be devoted to prevention and treatment. Treatment may consist of specific drug treatment, enzyme replacement, or gene replacement. Early diagnosis is important in order to provide genetic counseling and to establish family support for those patients who have a protracted, progressive disabling and ultimate fatal course. PMID- 3146318 TI - Abnormal cathepsin B activity in Batten disease. AB - Fibroblasts cultured from patients with various forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL; Batten disease) showed variably decreasing cathepsin B activity with increasing passage number and months in culture in the presence of fetal calf serum. Cathepsin H activity and that of a wide range of lysosomal hydrolases was unaffected by these conditions. Cathepsin B activity was assayed either colorimetrically (N alpha-benzoyl-DL-Arg-beta-naphthylamide; BANA), fluorimetrically (Z-Arg-Arg-methylcoumarin), or autoradiographically, following NaDodSO4-12.5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ([125]Tyr-Ala-Lys-Arg-CH2Cl) and was found to be lysosomal in localization. Fractionation of disrupted fibroblasts on a Percoll gradient showed evidence of abnormally buoyant lysosomes in some NCL patients, and these tended to be low in cathepsin B but rich in other lysosomal hydrolases. Our data do not support a primary defect in cathepsin B as the basic defect in NCL. However, a possible explanation for various studies implicating a protease defect in NCL is that cathepsin B was highly sensitive to inactivation by peroxides and aldehydes. Thus hydrogen peroxide (0.3 mM) or 4 hydroxynonenal (1 nM) inactivated cathepsin B without inhibiting cathepsin H or lysosomal hydrolases such as alpha-L-fucosidase. Since peroxides and 4 hydroxynonenal have been shown to accumulate in NCL tissue (despite apparently normal peroxidase activity), we tested the possibility of a defect in the removal of peroxidized lipids from phospholipids as the primary defect in NCL. The nociceptive peptide bradykinin (BK) normally initiates a cascade involving receptor-mediated phospholipase C activation and release of arachidonate and prostanoids from cultured skin fibroblasts. Release of [3H]arachidonate by BK was deficient in NCL fibroblasts, suggesting that the primary defect in NCL could involve the deficiency of a specific phospholipase A2 activity. PMID- 3146320 TI - Accumulation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides in ceroid-lipofuscinosis (Batten disease). AB - The accumulation of phosphorylated dolichol compounds in a number of tissues from cases of ceroid-lipofuscinosis (CL) is documented, together with an analysis of their complex carbohydrate structures. Oligosaccharides were released from dolichyl pyrophosphoryl compounds, partially purified from brain, either by mild acid hydrolysis or endoglucosaminidase digestion. The molar amounts of oligosaccharides released corresponded to the levels of P-dolichol in each brain analysed. Qualitative analysis indicated that the oligosaccharides from brain consist of a number of different components, ranging in size from four to fourteen monosaccharide units and containing chitobiose at the reducing terminal, and that the species containing seven or eight monosaccharides can be fully digested to a trisaccharide by alpha-mannosidase. The compounds that accumulate in CL tissues probably represent some of the lipid-linked intermediates known to be involved in the glycosylation of proteins, together with metabolites derived from these intermediates. The results suggest that CL might result from an impairment of the ability to metabolize dolichyl pyrophosphoryl oligosaccharides. PMID- 3146321 TI - Dolichol and dolichyl phosphate in the neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses and other diseases. AB - Although, compared to age-matched control samples, nonphosphorylated dolichols are significantly increased in the cerebral cortex of children with the late infantile and juvenile types of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (NCL), dolichyl phosphates are increased to a much greater extent in infantile, late infantile, and juvenile forms of this disease group. Dolichyl phosphates in the cerebral cortex, expressed as a percentage of the combined nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated compounds, ranged from 59 to 85 (mean 71) in NCL, whereas in the non-NCL disease group the range is 18-36 (mean 25). This marked proportional increase in dolichyl phosphates is not unique to NCL but is also found in the brain of GM1-gangliosidosis and Tay-Sachs disease patients. In the liver from NCL patients, dolichyl phosphates are not a major proportion of the total dolichol compounds (1-9%). However, in the kidney and heart, dolichyl phosphates are again markedly increased, and this is associated with large storage of ceroid. Although to a lesser extent than in NCL, dolichols and dolichyl phosphates are significantly increased over levels in age-matched control samples in the temporal cortex in Alzheimer disease. Our interpretation of these results is that storage in secondary in secondary lysosomes in NCL and the gangliosidoses leads to a decrease in the catabolism of dolichyl phosphate compounds in the Golgi saccules or primary lysosomes. PMID- 3146322 TI - Oligosaccharyl diphosphodolichols in the ceroid-lipofuscinoses. AB - Autopsy brain samples from patients with late-infantile, juvenile and adult forms of ceroid-lipofuscinosis (CL) and cultured skin fibroblasts from juvenile CL were analyzed for the content of phosphodolichol (P-Dol) related compounds. The levels of P-Dol obtained on treatment with hot dilute acid of the chloroform-methanol (CM 2:1) extract and the chloroform-methanol-water (CMW 1:1:3) extract of the residue were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography. Compared to age matched control individuals, the levels of P-Dol obtained in both the extracts were increased more than 6.6 times in all the patient samples. Further analysis of the CMW extract indicates that the increased P-Dol is primarily due to oligosaccharyl diphosphodolichol. Cultured skin fibroblasts from the juvenile form of CL show normal level of free dolichol and elevated level of phosphorylated dolichols. Glycoprotein synthesis measured by incorporation of labeled glucosamine show no deficit in the transfer of oligosaccharides from lipids to proteins. A hypothesis is presented to explain the accumulation of oligosaccharyl diphosphodolichol and deficiency of lysosomal proteases in ceroid lipofuscinosis. PMID- 3146323 TI - Characterization of disease-specific brain fluorophores in ceroid-lipofuscinosis. AB - By isolating and identifying the molecular components of the storage material in the ceroid-lipofuscinoses, it should be possible to elucidate the metabolic basis for these diseases. Using brains of English setter dogs afflicted with a form of this disorder, the autofluorescent storage granules have been isolated and subjected to extraction with chloroform-methanol. A significant amount of autofluorescent material was solubilized by this procedure. Spectral analysis of the extracts indicated that the disease-specific fluorophores have corrected fluorescence excitation maxima at 335-340 nm and emission maxima at 530 nm. Analysis of the extracts with thin layer chromatography showed the presence of several disease-related fluorophores. In addition, the amounts of several nonfluorescent lipids appeared to be enhanced as a result of ceroid lipofuscinosis. A cerebral cortex sample from a human subject who died with the late infantile form of ceroid-lipofuscinosis was subjected to the same analytical procedures. The chloroform-methanol extract from the human brain had a fluorescence spectrum very similar to the extracts from the brains of affected dogs. TLC analysis showed a single fluorophore from the human brain sample. This fluorophore had the same retention time as the most prominent fluorophore present in the samples from affected dogs. These findings are consistent with the possibility that the defects underlying the human and canine ceroid lipofuscinoses are similar. The analytical procedures established in these experiments are useful in evaluating the various models of ceroid-lipofuscinosis and may ultimately serve as the basis for distinguishing among different forms of these disorders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3146324 TI - Experience over 17 years with antioxidant treatment in Spielmeyer-Sjogren disease. AB - During the last 17 yr, 74 patients with Spielmeyer-Sjogren disease were treated in Finland with antioxidant supplementation. Twenty-seven patients received a combination of vitamin E, vitamin C, methionine and BHT. As the disease began to progress, the treatment was changed to a combination of sodium selenite and vitamin E in 14 of the 27 patients. The same combination was also given to 47 children (During the last 5-6 yr, vitamins B2 and B6 were also added.) who had not received previous antioxidant supplementation. The latter combination (called the Westermarck formula) appeared to be helpful to some patients. Statistical correlations between various neurological items and relevant laboratory data were sought. In the older patients a significant correlation was found between neurological dysfunction and ceruloplasmin, and also between epilepsy and ceruloplasmin, while a negative correlation was noticed between neurological dysfunction and glutathione peroxidase. In the younger patients, a negative correlation was observed between superoxide dismutase and epilepsy. Serum apolipoprotein B levels were below the normal range in the 6 patients investigated. So far the Westermarck formula seems to have been the best treatment devised yet in Spielmeyer-Sjogren disease, but further studies are needed for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses disorders. PMID- 3146325 TI - Clinico-pathological variability in the childhood neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses and new observations on glycoprotein abnormalities. AB - Our 86 cases of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (NCL) included 7 children with the infantile variant, 28 with the late infantile variant, and 51 with the juvenile variant. Thirty-one cases were drawn from a NCL registry and were not evaluated personally by the authors. Another 30 cases from the registry were not included because of inadequate data. The clinical course was subacute in most children with the infantile and late infantile variants and chronic in the juvenile variant. Sixteen of 86 cases (19%) were considered to be atypical clinically [3/7 (43%) with the infantile variant, 3/28 (11%) with the late infantile variant, and 10/51 (20%) with the juvenile variant]. Clinical variability among and between families was most striking in the juvenile variant. Pathological investigations of skin, buffy coat and/or brain showed atypical and/or more than one type of cytoplasmic inclusions in 10/50 (20%) of late infantile and juvenile variants. All of the children with the infantile variant had granular, osmiophilic profile in tissues. Biochemical studies on the glycoproteins of cultured fibroblasts in three cases of juvenile NCL showed that there was a higher proportion of one size class of N-linked oligosaccharides and a higher proportion of mannose-containing glycoproteins in NCL than in control cells. This supports previous lectin histochemical studies of glycoconjugates in skin of juvenile NCL [Wisniewski and Szumanska, 1986] and suggests that there may be defects in the processing of N linked oligosaccharides in the glycoproteins of juvenile NCL. PMID- 3146326 TI - Therapeutic modification of membrane lipid abnormalities in juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (Batten disease). AB - Five patients with juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, who were shown to have absent or reduced serum prebetalipoprotein and a deficiency of polyunsaturated fatty acids in erythrocyte membrane lipids, were treated for a period of one year with supplements of fish oil extract (rich in omega-3 fatty acids) and encouraged to increase dietary intake of corn oil lipid (rich in omega 6 fatty acids) in an attempt to promote incorporation of these fatty acids into membranes. After one year there was a significant increase in omega-3 fatty acids (P less than 0.05) and in the total polyunsaturated fatty acids (P less than 0.02) in erythrocyte membranes but no change in the incorporation of omega-6 fatty acids. The patients were assessed clinically, psychometrically and neurophysiologically before and after the supplementation. No significant changes were noted after one year of treatment. PMID- 3146327 TI - Selenium treatment in neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. AB - Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (NCL) refers to a group of disorders with devastating effects on the central nervous system. The accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigments containing lipid peroxides is considered a pathogenetic mechanism of the cell damage seen in NCL. Therapy aimed at preventing further lipid peroxidation, such as the Zeman regimen, did not slow progression of the disease. Therefore, Santavuori and Westermarck [Santavuori and Westermarck 1984] introduced treatment with a combination of selenium and vitamin E and reported favorable results with few side effects. We present information on the rationale for the use of selenium, recommendations on the daily intake, and reported side effects. However, our limited experience with selenium in this disorder does not permit conclusions. Additionally, careful studies are indicated before this treatment is dispensed routinely. PMID- 3146328 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of typical and atypical forms of lipopigment storage disorders. AB - Lipopigment storage disorders are common lysosomal diseases of unknown etiology. Four classic types have been delineated on a clinical basis, focused on the age of onset, visual and retinal impairment, epilepsy and progressive loss of mental and motor abilities. Lipopigments with ultrastructural characteristics distinct from lipofuscin accumulate mostly in the nerve cells but in many other cell types as well. Excess dolichol can be demonstrated in tissues and urine, but no primary accumulating substrate has been identified. Many cases with atypical features or course cannot be currently classified. Medical treatment includes, in all types, prevention of aspiration pneumonia with fundoplication and gastrostomy and avoidance of carbamazepine. In Spielmeyer-Vogt, Vitamin E and appropriate mental and physical stimulation improve the patient's quality of life. PMID- 3146329 TI - Clinical classification of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis subtypes. AB - Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis is the most common class of neurodegenerative disease in children. After decades of study, the biochemical basis for this group of diseases continues to elude scientists. One obstacle has been the difficulty in establishing specific criteria for diagnosis. This paper reviews case material from 65 patients referred to the Shriver Center for study from January, 1984 to December, 1986. The late-infantile type was the most commonly encountered (35%) with a mean age-of-onset of 3.1 +/- 0.5 yr. The juvenile type was slightly less frequent (32%) with a mean age-of-onset of 7.8 +/- 4 yr. The infantile type ranked third (23%); age-of-onset 11 +/- 4 months) and the adult form of the disease was the least common (10%; age-of-onset 25 +/- 4 yr). Consistent clinical findings were a progressive decline in mental faculties and seizures, predominantly of the myoclonic type. Neuroradiological changes of cerebral and cerebellar cortical atrophy were common when studies were obtained more than a year after clinical onset. Ataxia was a frequent manifestation in the late infantile and juvenile types whereas dystonia was unique to the latter. There was a diversity of ultrastructural findings in skin biopsies between and within types. The absence of findings in a few familial cases necessitated sampling a second tissue such as muscle, particularly when the history was suggestive and urine dolichols were high. Elevated urine dolichol levels was a nonspecific but helpful finding. PMID- 3146330 TI - Clinical and biochemical studies of Japanese neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. AB - We studied clinical manifestations of Japanese patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). The onset of the disease and initial symptoms were almost identical to those reported previously in Caucasians. Japanese patients with NCL were not significantly clinically different from Caucasian cases. An atypical case NCL associated with a deficiency of diaminobenzidine peroxidase activity was also presented. Pathogenesis of NCL was studied on the basis of urine dolichol excretion, autofluorescent compounds in urine, thiol protease activities and protein analysis in tissues of NCL patients. Possible biochemical abnormalities in NCL are discussed. PMID- 3146331 TI - Reconsideration of the classification of the neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses. AB - Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL) represent diseases of different types. Each variety of NCL may have its own clinical course, genetics, pathogenesis, and treatment. Four disorders are presently accepted as examples of NCL. These include the chronic juvenile or Batten type, the acute late infantile or Bielschowsky type, the chronic or subacute adult Kufs type, and the acute infantile or Santavuori-Haltia type. Seventy patients with clinical and pathological features of NCL have been studied over 20 years; 62 of these fit into one of the above categories, but 8 are atypical and present nosologic problems. Recognized as examples of atypical NCL are 1) chronic congenital or Norman-Wood type, 2) acute adult or Zeman-Dyken type, 3) acute childhood or Bielschowsky variant, 4) chronic childhood (Edathodu-Dyken) type, with pervasiveness, 5) chronic infantile (Dyken) type with autism, and 6) chronic juvenile (Dyken) type with ataxia. It is proposed that our present classification of NCL be based on differentiating clinical dynamics and characteristics, age-of onset, and morphological and pathological criteria. Although genetic characteristics are now recognized, these are of autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant type. No differentiating biochemical differences have been established to aid in the nosology of these diseases. PMID- 3146332 TI - Morphological diagnosis and misdiagnosis in Batten-Kufs disease. AB - Skin biopsy is a reliable method for diagnosis of Batten disease; it is probably not reliable in Kufs disease. Eccrine secretory cells are the most consistently involved cell type. The abundance of lysosomal storage facilitates diagnosis in infantile and late-infantile cases. The curvilinear bodies of the late-infantile cases have high specificity and should be easily recognizable, though their lamination must be demonstrable. In the usual juvenile cases the cell types involved are more limited, and a superficial biopsy, which does not include eccrine secretory cells, may be nondiagnostic. These cells may contain fingerprint profiles in occasional juvenile, adolescent, or adult patients with other diseases. Thus, verification of involvement of a second cell type, such as duct cells, Schwann cells, and smooth or skeletal muscle, is essential. In all varieties of the disease strict criteria for the ultrastructural patterns must be followed. Otherwise, confusion may arise with normal organelles, with banal lipofuscin, or with nonspecific lysosomes. PMID- 3146333 TI - Ultrastructural studies as a method of prenatal diagnosis of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. AB - Ultrastructural studies of uncultured amniotic fluid cells obtained by genetic amniocentesis at 16 wk of gestation demonstrated 3 major cell types. Membrane bound curvilinear cytosomes were observed in about 30% of a subpopulation of dark, elongated cells. These are considered typical of the inclusions of the late infantile variant of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. This technique was used to monitor 6 at-risk pregnancies of which 2 were identified as affected. We have followed 6 of the 7 fetuses through to delivery with confirmation of our findings by skin biopsy in 4 and with clinical observations of a fifth child. There are major problems involved in the use of uncultured amniotic fluid cells for prenatal diagnosis. In addition to a great deal of heterogeneity of cell type, there is a considerable amount of tissue debris and a very high proportion of nonviable cells. We have examined chorionic villus tissues of 3 fetuses known to have inborn errors of lysosomal metabolism without finding any evidence of storage material. This is taken as an indication that the mutant gene(s) is not expressed in these tissues at this early stage of pregnancy. Notwithstanding these limitations, the usefulness of this technique in monitoring at-risk pregnancies has to be determined. PMID- 3146334 TI - Placental pathology and prenatal diagnosis of infantile type of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. AB - Five term placentae from pregnancies at risk of infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL) were studied electron-microscopically to determine if diagnostic cytoplasmic inclusions could be detected in this tissue. In 4 placentae no inclusions were found, and the infants born from these pregnancies have developed normally, the shortest observation time being 15 months. In the fifth placenta numerous cytosomes pathognomonic of INCL were found in the amniotic cells and the endothelium of the capillaries of the chorionic villi. The diagnostic significance of this finding was confirmed by the presence of typical inclusions in the autonomic ganglion cells and other cells in a rectal mucosal biopsy specimen of this male infant at the age of 3 months. Electron microscopic study of chorionic villus biopsy specimens appears to be a promising possibility for prenatal diagnosis of INCL. PMID- 3146335 TI - The value of pre-scheduled bone scintigraphies in breast cancer. AB - During the first 10 years of Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (DBCG), the subcommittee on bone scintigraphy has focused on the value of bone scintigraphy at the time of operation in all patients and then yearly in those considered to be primarily operable (stage I and II). Out of 1175 patients examined at time of operation, bone metastases could be verified by x-ray or histology in only 16, of whom the majority had bone pain and/or spread to other organs. Similarly, around 2.5% per year for the first 3 postoperative years and about 1% per year during the next 4 postoperative years had bone metastases verified by x-ray or histology within 12 months after the latest scheduled bone scintigraphy. It is concluded that bone scintigraphy is of no value in primarily operable patients with breast cancer, and that the examination should be reserved for patients with symptoms and/or signs of bone metastases and for patients with relapse. PMID- 3146336 TI - A radioenzymatic assay for para-tyramine and para-octopamine. PMID- 3146337 TI - [Metrizamide encephalopathy in a child with hydrocephalus--effects of L-threo DOPS on persistent disturbance of consciousness and L-dopa on extrapyramidal symptoms]. AB - This report describes a case of metrizamide encephalopathy with persistent disturbance of consciousness and extrapyramidal symptoms. These two conditions have rarely been reported among the various adverse effects of metrizamide. An 11 year-old girl had been in almost good health until she was ten years old, at which time she received a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt operation, suffering from hydrocephalus of unknown etiology. At the age of eleven, she was admitted to our hospital due to hydrocephalus recurrence. She was examined by metrizamide shunt gram (1200 mg iodide/4 ml). On the next day, she became drowsy. The CT scan disclosed the periventricular penetration of metrizamide into the medial part of the thalamus and the caudate nucleus. Thirteen days later, disturbance of consciousness continued, and extrapyramidal symptoms, that is, rigo-spasticity and postural tremor, were observed. Oral administration of L-threo-DOPS, the direct precursor of noradrenaline, was effective against the persistent disturbance of consciousness and L-DOPA was effective against the extrapyramidal symptoms. She soon recovered almost to normal and no neurological deficit remained. We thus conclude that the CT scan findings and effects of L-threo-DOPS and L-DOPA suggest that metrizamide encephalopathy in this case were respectively due to its periventricular penetration into the medial part of the thalamus and the caudate nucleus, and the resultant deficiency of the ascending noradrenergic reticular activating system and the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. PMID- 3146338 TI - An update on adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-extracorporeal CO2 removal. PMID- 3146339 TI - The ultrastructural features of aflatoxin B1-induced lesions in the rat liver. AB - Hepatocellular carcinoma was induced in rats by administering aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) for 6 weeks. Malignant tumours were preceded by foci and nodules of altered hepatocytes. The ultrastructural characteristics of the nodular lesions have been studied and compared with those of the hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Alterations in the endoplasmic reticulum, junctional complexes and nuclei were common to both the basophilic and eosinophilic nodular cells and the carcinoma cells. These most likely represent hyperplastic changes rather than malignant alterations. The eosinophilic nodules were distinguished from other lesions by the abundance of concentric, membranous whorls in the cytoplasm of nodular cells. These cytoplasmic structures were also present in some hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The observations provided further evidence suggesting that the eosinophilic nodule, rather than the basophilic nodule, may play a role in the development of malignancy in the rat liver. PMID- 3146341 TI - Presence of antibody to A- and B-transferases in minor incompatible bone marrow transplant. AB - The contribution of the bone marrow to plasma A- or B-transferase activities has been studied in patients who underwent incompatible bone marrow transplantation (BMT). As deduced from major incompatibility (group O recipient/A donor), the contribution of the marrow to these plasma activities was c. 5-10% of the total activity. In cases of minor incompatible transplants (A recipient/O donor), normal plasma activity was present in two patients, while no activity was found in a further two in whom a potent antitransferase was detected. The antibody inhibited both A- and B-transferase activities to a high titre. The patients in whom this antibody arose exhibited severe graft-versus-host disease. PMID- 3146340 TI - Effect of fasting on aggregation of hepatocyte rough endoplasmic reticulum in adrenalectomized and 3'MeDAB-treated rats: quantitative electron microscope study. AB - A method for the quantitative analysis of the degree to which hepatocyte rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is arranged into parallel arrays was used to study the effect of fasting on rough ER aggregation in rat liver cells following either bilateral adrenalectomy or administration of the carcinogenic azo dye 3'-methyl-4 dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'MeDAB). One group of male inbred Leeds strain rats was subjected to bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX): after 1 week half of the animals were fasted for 24 h whereupon the whole group was killed. A second group of rats, fed for 4 weeks on a diet containing 0.06% of the carcinogenic azo dye 3'MeDAB, was similarly divided into two groups that were killed either with or without a prior 24-h fast. Untreated control groups of rats, both fasted and unfasted, were also killed. A quantitative electron microscope study was carried out to investigate the effect of each treatment on the degree to which the hepatocyte rough ER was aggregated into parallel arrays. ADX alone was without effect but caused a dramatic fall in rough ER aggregation when combined with fasting. At least as great an effect was induced by 3'MeDAB, with or without fasting, while fasting alone had a significant but much more modest effect than either ADX or the carcinogen. Thus, two disparate treatments induced morphologically identical responses in hepatocyte rough ER. The implications of this are discussed in terms of known interrelations between glucocorticoids and chemical carcinogenesis in the rat liver. PMID- 3146342 TI - The measurement of the total volume of red cells in man: a non-radioactive approach using biotin. AB - Present methods for measuring red cell volume are based on the dilution of radioactively labelled cells. This precludes the investigation in neonates and pregnant women. We present a simple method for labelling red cells with biotin. These cells may be injected intravenously and subsequently detected using streptavidin-FITC and flow-cytometry. A comparison of the red cell volume estimated using both 51Cr and biotin labelled cells in 19 patients showed no consistent clinically significant difference between the two. This novel label appears to allow red volume to be reliably estimated without using radioactivity. PMID- 3146343 TI - The synthesis in vivo of proteins in various tissues in chickens adapted to intermittent feeding. AB - 1. Protein synthesis was estimated in vivo in breast (superficial pectoral) and tibia (gastrocnemius) muscles, liver, kidney, pancreas, crop, duodenum, jejunum and ileum, using L-[U-14C]lysine injection. The effect on incorporation of [14C]lysine 1 and 2 h after injection was examined in five chickens adapted or not adapted to intermittent feeding. 2. Incorporation of [14C]lysine into tissue decreased in magnitude in the following descending order: pancreas greater than jejunum, duodenum greater than ileum, crop, liver greater than kidney greater than tibia, breast muscle and blood plasma. 3. The incorporation of [14C]lysine into muscle protein was higher in chicks after 24 h of refeeding than after 24 h of food deprivation. These differences were higher in adapted than in non-adapted birds. On days of refeeding the rate of incorporation exceeded that found in chickens fed ad lib. 4. Bound 14C from lysine in the intestinal segments was less than in control birds after food deprivation and greater after refeeding in non adapted chicks only. 5. A negative relation was observed between bound and free 14C in muscles and in other tissues. 6. Short- and long-term adaptations to feeding regimens are discussed. PMID- 3146344 TI - Effects of substitution of tricaproin for tallow and of protein concentration in milk substitutes on nitrogen and energy balance in the preruminant lamb. AB - 1. Results of 138 nitrogen balance studies from experiments with forty male Limousin and nineteen male Ile de France preruminant lambs were used to estimate total N requirements and to assess the effects of dietary tricaproin inclusion, protein concentration, lysine and methionine supplementation and the age of lambs on protein retention. In addition, energy balances were obtained in twenty-four of the Limousin lambs from birth up to 3 weeks of age by means of a slaughter technique. 2. For milk substitute unsupplemented with amino acids, tricaproin inclusion increased N balance slightly (P less than 0.001) when a medium-protein concentration (260 g/kg dry matter (DM] was used, in 2-week-old lambs (+4.3%) and in 5-week-old Limousin lambs (+5.3%), or very markedly when a high-protein concentration (320 g/kg DM) was used, in 2-week-old lambs (+14.5%) and in 5-week old lambs (+18.6%). Protein requirements decreased from 300 g/kg DM in 3-week-old lambs to 270 g/kg DM in 5-week-old lambs for the control milk containing tallow coconut oil mixture (0.67:0.33 by wt) and was increased above 300 g/kg DM at all ages in the case of experimental milk containing tallow-coconut oil-tricaproin mixture (0.33:0.33:0.33, by wt). 3. For milk containing either a medium- or a high-protein concentration and supplemented with lysine and methionine, inclusion of tricaproin increased N balance (P less than 0.01) to a similar extent (+8.5 up to +14.3%) in 1 to 2- and 3-week-old Limousin lambs. An increase in N concentration in the milk had no effect in 1- and 2-week-old lambs, but led to a decreased N balance in 3-week-old lambs. Protein requirements decreased from 310 g/kg DM in 1-week-old lambs to 190 g/kg DM in 3-week-old lambs for the milk containing tallow-coconut oil or from 300 g/kg DM in 2-week-old lambs to 210 g/kg DM in 3-week-old lambs for the milk containing tallow-coconut oil-tricaproin. 4. For the Ile de France lambs given milk supplemented with lysine and methionine, tricaproin inclusion did not alter N balance. Protein requirements decreased from 370 g/kg DM in 2-week-old lambs to 270 g/kg DM in 4-week-old lambs for milk containing both kinds of fat mixtures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3146345 TI - Measurements of fluorescence lifetimes by use of a hybrid time-correlated and multifrequency phase fluorometer. AB - Measurements of homogeneous and heterogeneous fluorescence intensity decays using a hybrid time-correlated single photon counting/multifrequency phase fluorometer are reported. A trio of fluorophores exhibiting a range of decay profiles was selected. p-Terphenyl, 1,4-bis[2-(4-methyl-5-phenyloxazolyl)]benzene [(Me)2POPOP], and p-bis[2-(5-phenyloxazolyl)]benzene (POPOP), commonly used reference fluorophores, were analyzed initially; their emissions were characterized by monoexponential decay functions. Additionally, emissions from two single tryptophan proteins with different decay profiles were measured. Scorpion neurotoxin variant 3 required three exponentials to fit the emission decay properly (average lifetime approximately 500 ps). At pH 5.5, the fluorescence emission of ribonuclease T1 showed a monoexponential decay with a measured lifetime of approximately 4.0 ns. Thus, in each case, the results from both measurements were consistent between the two detection systems, confirming the view that the two approaches for measuring fluorescence lifetimes are equivalent. PMID- 3146346 TI - Involvement of DNA polymerase delta in DNA repair synthesis in human fibroblasts at late times after ultraviolet irradiation. AB - DNA repair synthesis following UV irradiation of confluent human fibroblasts has a biphasic time course with an early phase of rapid nucleotide incorporation and a late phase of much slower nucleotide incorporation. The biphasic nature of this curve suggests that two distinct DNA repair systems may be operative. Previous studies have specifically implicated DNA polymerase delta as the enzyme involved in DNA repair synthesis occurring immediately after UV damage. In this paper, we describe studies of DNA polymerase involvement in DNA repair synthesis in confluent human fibroblasts at late times after UV irradiation. Late UV-induced DNA repair synthesis in both intact and permeable cells was found to be inhibited by aphidicolin, indicating the involvement of one of the aphidicolin-sensitive DNA polymerases, alpha or delta. In permeable cells, the process was further analyzed by using the nucleotide analogue (butylphenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine 5' triphosphate, which inhibits DNA polymerase alpha several hundred times more strongly than it inhibits DNA polymerase delta. The (butylphenyl)-2' deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate inhibition curve for late UV-induced repair synthesis was very similar to that for polymerase delta. It appears that repair synthesis at late times after UV irradiation, like repair synthesis at early times, is mediated by DNA polymerase delta. PMID- 3146347 TI - Use of site-directed mutagenesis to investigate the basis for the specificity of hirudin. AB - Regions of hirudin important for its inhibitory activity with thrombin have been examined by site-directed mutagenesis. Since thrombin has a primary specificity for basic amino acids, each of the three basic residues and the histidine in hirudin were mutated to glutamine. Mutation of Lys-47 caused a small increase (9 fold) in the dissociation constant whereas the other mutations were without effect. These results indicate that hirudin is different from most other inhibitors of serine proteases in that interactions with the primary specificity pocket of its target enzyme are not crucial to its inhibitory activity. The acidic nature of the carboxyl region of hirudin was found to be important for its interaction with thrombin. Single and multiple mutations of carboxyl-terminal glutamate residues (57, 58, 61, and 62) to glutamine caused increases in the dissociation constant. This value increased with the number of mutations and reached a maximum of 61-fold when all four glutamate residues were mutated. Kinetic studies indicated that in all cases where an increase in dissociation constant was observed, it was predominantly due to a decrease in the association rate constant. PMID- 3146348 TI - Effectors of the activation of human [Glu1]plasminogen by human tissue plasminogen activator. AB - The activation of human [Glu1]plasminogen [( Glu1]Pg) by human recombinant (rec) two-chain tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is inhibited by Cl-, at physiological concentrations, and stimulated by epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA), as well as fibrin(ogen). Chloride functions as a result of its binding to [Glu1]Pg, with a Ki of approximately 9.0 mM, thereby rendering [Glu1]Pg a less effective substrate for two-chain rec-t-PA. EACA stimulates the activation in Cl (-)containing solutions, with a Ka of approximately 4.0 mM, primarily by reversal of the Cl-(-)inhibitory effect. Fibrinogen appears to exert its stimulatory properties mainly through effects on the enzyme, two-chain rec-t-PA, with a Ka of approximately 3.7 microM in activation systems containing physiological levels of Cl-. Analysis of the results of this paper reveals that normal plasma components, Cl- and fibrinogen, exert major regulatory roles on the ability of [Glu1]Pg to be activated by two-chain rec-t-PA, in in vitro systems. The presence of Cl- inhibits the stimulation of [Glu1]Pg activation that would normally occur in the presence of fibrinogen, a result of possible importance to the observation that some degree of systemic fibrinogenolysis accompanies therapeutic use of tissue plasminogen activator. PMID- 3146349 TI - Kinetics of accumulation and depletion of soluble newly synthesized histone in the reciprocal regulation of histone and DNA synthesis. AB - Procedures are presented which permit the identification and analysis of cellular histone that is not bound to chromatin. This histone, called soluble histone, could be distinguished from that bound to chromatin by the state of H4 modification and the lack of H2A ubiquitination. Changes in the levels of newly synthesized soluble histone were analyzed with respect to the balance between histone and DNA synthesis in hamster ovary cells. Pulse-chase protocols suggested that the chase of newly synthesized histone from the soluble fraction into chromatin may have two kinetic components with half-depletion times of about 1 and 40 min. When protein synthesis was inhibited, the pulse-chase kinetics of newly synthesized histone from the solubl fraction into chromatin were not significantly altered from those of the control. However, in contrast to the control, when protein synthesis was inhibited, DNA synthesis was also inhibited with kinetics similar to those of the chase of newly synthesized histone from the soluble fraction. There was a rapid decrease in the rate of DNA synthesis with a half-deceleration time of 1 min down to about 30% of the control rate, followed by a slower decrease with an approximate half-deceleration time of 40 min. When DNA synthesis was inhibited, newly synthesized histone accumulated in the soluble fraction, but H2A and H2B continued to complex with chromatin at a significant rate. Soluble histone in G1 cells showed the same differential partitioning of H4/H3 and H2A/H2B between the soluble and chromatin-bound fractions as was found in cycling cells with inhibited DNA synthesis. These results support a unified model of reciprocal regulatory mechanisms between histone and DNA synthesis in the assembly of chromatin. PMID- 3146350 TI - Function of arginine-234 and aspartic acid-271 in domain closure, cooperativity, and catalysis in Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase. AB - Two mutant versions of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase were created by site-specific mutagenesis. Arg-234 of the 240s loop was replaced by serine in order to help deduce the function of the interactions that normally occur between Arg-234 and both Glu-50 and Gln-231 in the R state of the enzyme. The other mutation involved the replacement of Asp-271 by asparagine to further test the functional importance of the Tyr-240-Asp-271 link that has previously been proposed to stabilize the T state of the enzyme [Middleton, S. A., & Kantrowitz, E. R. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 5866-5870]. The Arg-234----Ser holoenzyme exhibits no cooperativity, a 24-fold reduction in maximal velocity, normal affinity for carbamyl phosphate, and substantially reduced affinity for aspartate and N-(phosphonoacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA). Unlike the wild-type enzyme, the heterotropic effectors ATP and CTP are able to influence the activity of the Arg-234----Ser enzyme at saturating aspartate concentrations. The Arg-234- --Ser catalytic subunit exhibits a 33-fold reduction in maximal activity, an aspartate Km of 261 mM, compared to 5.7 mM for the wild-type catalytic subunit, and only a small alteration in the Km for carbamyl phosphate. Together these results provide additional evidence that the interdomain bridging interactions between Glu-50 of the carbamyl phosphate domain and both Arg-167 and Arg-234 of the aspartate domain are necessary for the stabilization of the high-activity high-affinity configuration of the active site of the enzyme. Furthermore, without the interdomain bridging interactions, the holoenzyme no longer exhibits homotropic cooperativity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3146352 TI - [Activity and characteristics of the regulation of glycolytic proteins in Staphylococcus aureus]. AB - Lactate has been determined to be the ground glyucolysis product in the staphylococci strains under study. Acetate and CO2 are produced in small quantities. Considerable differences in storing lactate under aerobic and unaerobic conditions have not been found. Pasteur effect reaches 20.5--23.3%. The controlling glycoysis unit study has shown that it may locate on the different sections of Embden-Meyergof-Parnas pathway. The key regulation enzyme activity of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvatekinase has been determined. PMID- 3146351 TI - [The ratio of the types of gliocytes in the cerebellar cortex of mice during malnutrition and subsequent nutritional rehabilitation]. AB - Different types of glial cells were counted on the semithin sections on the area 0.5 mkm2 of the cerebellar cortex of mice and percent relation of glyocytes satellites of glyocyte types was determined. The malnutrition in early postnatal life has been found to cause the aberration in the process of glyocytes differentiation, especially in the population of oligodendrocytes. After the food rehabilitatin the processes of differentiation normalize that expresses in the increase of proportion of olygodendrocytes and olygodendrocytes satellities up to the control. PMID- 3146353 TI - Glycogen metabolism in late gestation in fetuses of maternal diabetic rats. AB - Fetal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, as induced by administration of streptozotocin to pregnant rats, during late gestation resulted in the onset of the major period of hepatic glycogen synthesis and accumulation at days 19-20 of gestation (22 days = term) rather than at days 20-21, as for normal fetuses. In addition, sustained high levels of liver synthase phosphatase and phosphorylase phosphatase activities prevented the normal term increase in activation of phosphorylase and inactivation of synthase in hyperglycemic/hyperinsulinemic fetuses. The suppression of term fetal changes in phosphorylase activation in particular contributed to the maintenance at term of fetal liver in a condition favoring glycogenesis rather than glycogenolysis. PMID- 3146354 TI - Impact of protein-calorie malnutrition on the developing intestine. A model in young rabbits. AB - We assessed the impact of protein-calorie malnutrition on the developing rabbit intestine. Litters expanded 7 days postpartum (13-16 animals) were compared to control litters (6-8 animals). Chronic nutrient deprivation in early life markedly reduced small intestinal mass, as evidenced by depressed weight, crypt villus length, protein content and DNA content. In kinetic studies, we observed impaired mucosal growth in undernourished rabbits, as demonstrated by depressed enterocyte proliferation and epithelial migration. Intestinal maturation also appeared to be modified, as suggested by altered mucosal enzyme activities and enhanced permeability which we evaluated by measuring unidirectional Na+ transport in short-circuited Ussing chambers. These findings may contribute to the increased severity of diarrheal illness observed in clinical malnutrition in infancy. PMID- 3146355 TI - Urinary concentrations of ovarian steroid hormone metabolites and bioactive follicle-stimulating hormone in killer whales (Orcinus orchus) during ovarian cycles and pregnancy. AB - Reproductive hormone profiles of six captive killer whales (Orcinu orcus) from three Sea World aquaria were studied for intervals up to 2 yr. Daily urine samples and bimonthly blood samples were collected and analyzed for hormone concentration. Immunoreactive estrone conjugates, pregnanediol-3-glucoruonide, 20 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone as well as bioactive follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured in urine samples and indexed by creatinine concentrations of the same sample. In selected cases, serum progesterone concentrations were also measured. Three of the animals in the study became pregnant during the study period and two of these animals were evaluated during the time of conception and throughout most of gestation. From the data of the three animals that conceived, hormone profiles of the complete ovarian cycle, early pregnancy, and mid- to late gestation are described. The remaining three animals did not conceive and only one of these demonstrated hormone changes that indicated regular ovarian activity. The female reproductive pattern of the killer whale is characterized by a gestation of 17 mo and an ovarian cycle of 6-7 wk in duration. The hormone changes associated with the ovarian cycle of the killer whale are similar to those of most other mammalian species. A bimodal pattern of bioactive FSH with a pronounced rise of estrogen predominates the preovulatory hormone profile. After ovulation, increased progesterone production is observed for approximately 4 wk in the nonconceptive ovarian cycle. During the luteal phase and early pregnancy, when progesterone metabolites are elevated, estrogen metabolite excretion remains low. These data extend the application of urine collections for longitudinal studies involving hormone changes, particularly those involving nondomesticated species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3146356 TI - Discordance in the effects of interleukin-1 on rat granulosa cell differentiation induced by follicle-stimulating hormone or activators of adenylate cyclase. AB - Recombinant human interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibits the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced development of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors and suppresses progesterone secretion in cultured rat granulosa cells. Since activation of adenylate cyclase by FSH is considered to be the primary second messenger system responsible for differentiation of granulosa cells, we examined whether IL-1 could alter the FSH, cholera toxin, or forskolin-induced accumulation of cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) from these cells. In addition, we sought to determine if IL-1 could influence differentiation induced by the cAMP analog, 8 bromo cAMP. Cells collected from ovaries of immature, diethylstilbestrol-treated rats were stimulated to differentiate by addition of FSH, cholera toxin, forskolin, or 8-bromo cAMP to the cultures. IL-1 or interleukin-2 (IL-2) was added to some of the tubes, and the primary cultures were incubated for various periods of time. At the end of the culture, the tubes were centrifuged, the medium was saved for progesterone and cAMP radioimmunoassay, and the cells were assayed for specific 125I-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) binding to determine the number of LH receptors. In the presence of FSH, IL-1, at a dose as small as 5 ng/ml, but not IL-2, significantly inhibited LH receptor formation and suppressed progesterone secretion in a dose-related manner. IL-1 also significantly suppressed FSH-induced cAMP accumulation after 72 h of incubation but did not appear to do so in a dose-related fashion. In the presence of FSH, IL-1 did not significantly alter the protein content of granulosa cells at the end of culture. During stimulation of granulosa cells with cholera toxin, forskolin, or 8-bromo cAMP, IL-1 significantly reduced LH receptor formation compared to that observed in the absence of IL-1. However, in contrast to IL-1 in the presence of FSH, IL-1 significantly augmented the forskolin-induced secretion of progesterone and accumulation of cAMP after 72 h at subsaturating doses of forskolin. Thus, IL-1 appeared to inhibit forskolin-induced and cholera toxin-induced formation of LH receptors even when cAMP levels were elevated. Similar to forskolin, 8-bromo cAMP stimulated progesterone secretion was significantly enhanced by IL-1, but LH receptor formation was inhibited. Over a 72-h time course at single doses of FSH or forskolin, IL-1 did not affect cAMP accumulation until 48 h of culture, at which time IL-1 significantly suppressed FSH-induced, but augmented forskolin induced, accumulation of cAMP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3146357 TI - Seasonal variations in aldrin epoxidase (MFO) activity of yellow-legged herring gulls: the relationship to breeding and PCB residues. PMID- 3146359 TI - Effects of a 120 day period of bed-rest on bone mass and bone cell activities in man: attempts at countermeasure. AB - The effects of immobilization on bone mass and bone remodeling in patients with spinal cord injuries are known to simulate weightlessness-induced bone changes in astronauts. Nevertheless, immobilization has never been investigated using histomorphometric studies in healthy volunteers. Twenty healthy male volunteers participated in a '120 day bed-rest' experiment in the USSR. Bone biopsy cores of iliac crest were taken before and at the end of the period of bed-rest. The subjects were divided into five groups. Five subjects underwent a normal ambulatory life (control subjects); three subjects were placed on continuous bed rest for 120 days (complete immobilization); four subjects were immobilized and underwent a controlled training program; four subjects were immobilized and received treatment with potassium diphosphonate (ethane-1,hydroxy-1,diphosphonate 900 mg/day, per os); and four subjects were immobilized and received diphosphonate plus physical exercise. Parameters of bone mass and bone cellular activities (osteoblastic formation and osteoclastic resorption) were measured using automatic and semi-automatic image analysis systems. Bone mass remained constant in each group. Cellular activity measurements showed that in completely immobilized men, the mineralization rate was lower than in controls without change in osteoid parameters; in contrast, osteoclastic parameters were increased. In immobilized men given the training program, bone formation was normal and bone resorption was increased. In immobilized men treated with diphosphonate, osteoid parameters and resorption activity were decreased. In immobilized men with diphosphonate plus training, the osteoid parameters and the resorption activity were reduced but to a lesser degree than in immobilized men with diphosphonate alone. Failure of bone loss in normal immobilized subjects differed from results found in paraplegic patients. However, a decrease in mineralization rate and an increase in bone resorption activity were found in both studies. Exercise stimulated bone resorption and diphosphonate inhibited the osteoclastic activity. These data emphasize the difficulties in finding good models to stimulate spaceflight conditions on earth. Comparative studies must be done using bone biopsies to determine more precisely the effects of weightlessness on the human skeleton. PMID- 3146360 TI - Vaccination against pneumococcal infection. PMID- 3146358 TI - Monomethylhydrazine degradation and its effect on carbon dioxide evolution and microbial populations in soil. PMID- 3146361 TI - The roots of violence. PMID- 3146362 TI - Supporting victims of violent crime. PMID- 3146363 TI - Fifty years of electroconvulsive therapy. PMID- 3146364 TI - DF-2 infection. PMID- 3146365 TI - Defence societies' price war. PMID- 3146366 TI - AIDS in East Germany. PMID- 3146367 TI - Clinical picture of primary HIV infection presenting as a glandular-fever-like illness. AB - The clinical symptoms and signs were assessed in 20 consecutive patients developing infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). All were male homosexuals and all presented with a glandular-fever-like illness. Changes in laboratory values were compared with findings in 40 HIV negative male homosexual controls. In the 10 patients for whom date of exposure to the virus could be established the incubation period was 11-28 days (median 14). One or two days after the sudden onset of fever patients developed sore throat, lymphadenopathy, rash, lethargy, coated tongue, tonsillar hypertrophy, dry cough, headache, myalgia, conjunctivitis, vomiting, night sweats, nausea, diarrhoea, and palatal enanthema. Twelve patients had painful, shallow ulcers in the mouth or on the genitals or anus or as manifested by oesophageal symptoms; these ulcers may have been the site of entry of the virus. During the first week after the onset of symptoms mild leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased numbers of banded neutrophils were detected (p less than 0.0005). The mean duration of acute illness was 12.7 days (range 5-44). All patients remained healthy during a mean follow up period of 2.5 years. Heightened awareness of the typical clinical picture in patients developing primary HIV infection will alert the physician at an early stage and so aid prompt diagnosis and help contain the epidemic spread of AIDS. PMID- 3146368 TI - Pursuing efficiency in surgical practice. AB - To examine fluctuations in numbers of patients on surgical wards the dates of admission from January of each of the 5556 patients admitted from 1 January 1985 to 31 December 1987 were examined during computerised audit of a single surgical firm. The numbers of patients under the care of the firm fluctuated widely, often exceeding the 38 beds nominally available. Duration of stay varied from two days or less (3062 admissions) to more than a month (163 admissions). One patient was in hospital for 278 days. The patients admitted for more than a month (2.9% of the total) filled 28% of the beds; not all these patients were elderly. A further increase in throughput of patients undergoing elective operations might be achieved by always admitting patients on the day of operation, and perhaps by discharging patients even sooner than at present. Efficiency would increase but so would overall costs. PMID- 3146369 TI - Ambulatory pH monitoring of gastro-oesophageal reflux in "morning dipper" asthmatics. AB - A causal relation between gastro-oesophageal reflux and nocturnal asthma has been postulated. Forty four adult asthmatics underwent ambulatory monitoring of their oesophageal pH over 24 hours to find out if there was such a relation. Of these 21 showed significant "morning dipping" in which the peak expiratory flow falls during the night. Asthmatics with morning dipping had a history of nocturnal wheeze and a higher incidence of reflux symptoms, but measurement of oesophageal pH showed no significant difference in the amount or pattern of reflux when compared with "non-dippers." Overall, 15 asthmatics had gastro-oesophageal reflux, and these participated in a randomised, double blind crossover trial of ranitidine versus placebo. No significant difference was found in the peak expiratory flow rates or subjective evaluation of well being of the patients. PMID- 3146371 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of Rinne tuning fork test. PMID- 3146370 TI - Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and size of infarct, left ventricular function, and survival in acute myocardial infarction. AB - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess effect of intravenous recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator on size of infarct, left ventricular function, and survival in acute myocardial infarction. DESIGN: Double blind, randomised, placebo controlled prospective trial of patients with acute myocardial infarction within five hours after onset of symptoms. SETTING: Twenty six referral centres participating in European cooperative study for recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator. PATIENTS: Treatment group of 355 patients with acute myocardial infarction allocated to receive intravenous recombinant plasminogen activator. Controls comprised 366 similar patients allocated to receive placebo. INTERVENTION: All patients were given aspirin 250 mg and bolus injection of 5000 IU heparin immediately before start of trial. Patients in treatment group were given 100 mg recombinant tissue plasminogen activator over three hours (10 mg intravenous bolus, 50 mg during one hour, and 40 mg during next two hours) by infusion. Controls were given placebo by same method. Full anticoagulation treatment and aspirin were given to both groups until angiography (10-22 days after admission). beta Blockers were given at discharge. END POINT: Left ventricular function at 10-22 days, enzymatic infarct size, clinical course, and survival to three month follow up. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mortality was reduced by 51% (95% confidence interval -76 to 1) in treated patients at 14 days after start of treatment and by 36% (-63 to 13) at three months. For treatment within three hours after myocardial infarction mortality was reduced by 82% (-95 to -31) at 14 days and by 59% (-83 to -2) at three months. During 14 days in hospital incidence of cardiac complications was lower in treated patients than controls (cardiogenic shock, 2.5% v 6.0%; ventricular fibrillation, 3.4% v 6.3%; and pericarditis, 6.2% v 11.0% respectively), but that of angioplasty or artery bypass, or both was higher (15.8% v 9.6%) during the first three months. Bleeding complications were commoner in treated than untreated patients. Most were minor, but 1.4% of treated patients had intracranial haemorrhage within three days after start of infusion. Enzymatic size of infarct, determined by alpha hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase concentrations, was less (20%, 2p = 0.0018) in treated patients than in controls. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 2.2% higher (0.3 to 4.0) and end diastolic and end systolic volumes smaller by 6.0 ml (-0.2 to -11.9) and 5.8 ml (-0.9 to -10.6), respectively, in treated patients. CONCLUSION: Recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator with heparin and aspirin reduces size of infarct, preserves left ventricular function, and reduces complications and death from cardiac causes but at increased risk of bleeding complications4+ PMID- 3146372 TI - Chronic urticaria with angio-oedema controlled by warfarin. PMID- 3146373 TI - Anaesthetic complications of a weight reducing regimen. PMID- 3146374 TI - Preliminary results of a district call scheme for cervical screening organised in general practice. AB - A recognised problem with the cervical screening programme in the United Kingdom is the failure to include women who have never had a cervical smear test, who are a high risk group. The implementation of a district based call scheme in East Berkshire in 1986 is described whereby women aged 20-64 with no record of a cervical smear test who were judged to be eligible for testing by their general practitioner were sent a personal invitation from their general practitioner to attend for a test. A list of high risk unscreened women was kept by each practice, and a duplicate sent to the cytology laboratory to update the central records. Six months after each batch of invitations had been sent the resulting number of women having a smear test was assessed. Forty three of 51 practices approached agreed to participate in the five year scheme. During the first year lists were sent to the 43 participating practices. The first list was returned to the cytology laboratory by 37 practices and the second by 33; practices varied in their responses, however, some needing considerable persuasion to return the lists. Of 972 identified unscreened women from the total 3757 women listed in the lists of the family practitioner committee, 247 (25%) had a cervical smear test in response to the invitation, representing an overall increase of 7% in the screened population. The preliminary findings of the five year study have shown that screening can be improved by a systematic call scheme. Coordinated support from the area health authority in health education, monitoring of screening, and feedback of data from the scheme to practices is required to reduce the proportion of unscreened women. PMID- 3146375 TI - Maternity, paternity, and parental rights of doctors in the UK. PMID- 3146376 TI - Homologous blood use and conservation techniques for cardiac surgery in the United Kingdom. AB - The transfusion laboratories of 32 cardiothoracic surgical centres for adults were surveyed to determine the donor blood requirement for open heart surgery in the United Kingdom. Details of the transfusion practice and the use of blood conservation techniques were sought from a representative senior cardiac anaesthetist at each centre. Suitable data were received from 24 transfusion laboratories (75%) and 29 anaesthetists (90%). The mean (SD) blood use was 5.07 (1.53) units per operation. Seven centres routinely transfused fresh frozen plasma to all patients postoperatively. Experience with autologous deposit (three centres), "cell separators" (four centres), and the reinfusion of shed mediastinal blood (four centres) was limited. Prebypass phlebotomy for postbypass reinfusion (14 centres) and the infusion of residual oxygenator blood (27 centres) were the conservation techniques most commonly applied. In only nine centres was a postoperative normovolaemic anaemia to a haemoglobin concentration of less than 100 g/l accepted. Applying blood conservation techniques more widely would help to maintain blood supplies and reduce morbidity and mortality related to transfusion. PMID- 3146379 TI - Natural deaths of road users. PMID- 3146377 TI - Hyperthyroidism presenting as pyramidal tract disease. PMID- 3146378 TI - Do general practitioners miss dementia? PMID- 3146380 TI - Diagnosing dementia: do we get it right? PMID- 3146381 TI - Bulimia nervosa among Asian schoolgirls. PMID- 3146382 TI - Temporal artery biopsy. PMID- 3146383 TI - Use of hospital beds. PMID- 3146384 TI - No fault compensation. PMID- 3146385 TI - The course of untreated epilepsy. PMID- 3146386 TI - Anyone for tetanus? PMID- 3146387 TI - Immunisation against infectious disease. PMID- 3146388 TI - Wholemeal versus wholegrain breads. PMID- 3146389 TI - Mastectomy or conservation: the patient's choice. PMID- 3146390 TI - Serum calcium and cardiovascular risks. PMID- 3146391 TI - [Histopathological and lectin histochemical studies on DMBA-induced submandibular gland tumors in mice]. PMID- 3146393 TI - The public/private divide in long-stay health care. PMID- 3146392 TI - Effect of enflurane on renal function. III. Comparison with hypotensive anesthetized group. PMID- 3146394 TI - Failure of the inhibition of rat gastric mucosal 5-lipoxygenase by novel acetohydroxamic acids to prevent ethanol-induced damage. AB - 1. The role of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and LTC4 as mediators of gastric mucosal damage following ethanol challenge in vivo has been investigated using two selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, BW A4C and BW A137C. 2. Oral administration of ethanol to rats in vivo, induced macroscopic damage to the gastric mucosa and markedly increased the formation of the 5-lipoxygenase products, LTB4 and LTC4, from the mucosa ex vivo. 3. Pretreatment with the acetohydroxamic acids BW A4C and BW A137C (5-50 mg kg-1 p.o.) dose-dependently reduced ethanol-stimulated LTB4 and LTC4 formation by the gastric mucosa, with an ID50 of approximately 5 mg kg-1 p.o. 4. A single oral dose of BW A4C (20 mg kg-1) induced near-maximal inhibition of mucosal LTB4 formation within 30 min, which was well maintained for 5 h, whereas BW A137C (20 mg kg-1 p.o.) induced maximal inhibition between 30 and 60 min after administration, which then diminished over the subsequent 5 h. 5. The mucosal formation of the cyclo-oxygenase product, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, which was unaltered following ethanol challenge, was not inhibited by the acetohydroxamic acids. Likewise, the small increase in mucosal thromboxane B2 formation following challenge was not inhibited by BW A4C. 6. Neither BW A4C nor BW A137C, at doses that almost completely inhibited the mucosal synthesis of LTB4 or LTC4, reduced the macroscopic gastric mucosal damage induced by ethanol. 7. Pretreatment with the lipoxygenase inhibitor BW 755C (5-50 mg kg-1 p.o.) did reduce mucosal damage, but there was a dissociation between the degree of protection and the inhibition of leukotriene biosynthesis. 8. Oral administration of high doses of either BW A4C or BW A137C (300mgkg-1) did not induce macroscopic gastric damage over a 3 h period. 9. These findings suggest that the leukotrienes, LTB4 and LTC4 are not the primary mediators of ethanol-induced acute mucosal damage, but do not exclude their role in more chronic gastric damage and inflammation. PMID- 3146395 TI - Properties of intracellular calcium stores in pregnant rat myometrium. AB - 1. The properties of the Ca2+ stores in myometrium of 21-day pregnant rats were studied by recording the contractile responses of saponin-treated skinned muscles. 2. After accumulation of Ca2+ into the stores in the presence of 5 mM NaN3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) at concentrations exceeding 3 microM produced a contraction. The amplitude of this contraction was maximal at about 20 microM. A second application of 20 microM InsP3 produced a smaller contraction than the first one. However after reloading the stores with Ca2+, 20 microM InsP3 produced a contraction of the same amplitude as the initial one. 3. After application of 20 microM InsP3, 1 microM A23187 still evoked a large contraction. If A23187 was applied first, the subsequent application of InsP3 or A23187 no longer induced a contraction, even after Ca2+ loading. 4. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) or arachidonic acid, both 100 microM neither evoked a contraction nor enhanced the subsequent contraction elicited by 20 microM InsP3. 5. Caffeine 25 mM did not induce a contraction nor did it affect the contraction elicited by 20 microM InsP3. 6. The results indicate that in pregnant rat myometrium InsP3 releases Ca2+ from intracellular stores as has been proposed in vascular smooth muscles. PMID- 3146396 TI - Evidence that the histamine sensitivity and responsiveness of guinea-pig isolated trachea are modulated by epithelial prostaglandin E2 production. AB - 1. Guinea-pig isolated tracheal preparations in which the epithelium had been removed exhibited a greater contractile response to histamine (intact: 1.91 +/- 0.12 g; n = 6 and rubbed: 2.76 +/- 0.15 g; n = 11; P less than 0.001). The histamine sensitivity (pD2 value) of these preparations was also significantly greater (intact: 4.80 +/- 0.04 and rubbed: 5.40 +/- 0.08; P less than 0.01). 2. Indomethacin suppressed the basal tone of both intact and rubbed preparations but was more effective in the former tissues (intact: -0.70 +/- 0.14 g; n = 22 and rubbed: -0.17 +/- 0.05 g; n = 12; P less than 0.02). 3. Arachidonic acid (AA; 10 microM) suppressed the basal tone of intact tissues but contracted such preparations following indomethacin treatment (1.7 microM; 30 min). However, in rubbed tissues AA (10 microM) induced a contraction which was attenuated following indomethacin treatment. 4. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; 0.01 and 0.1 microM) suppressed the basal tone of intact preparations and always evoked contraction of rubbed tissues. Following indomethacin treatment PGE2 (0.01 and 0.1 microM) generally evoked spasm of intact and rubbed tissues while at higher concentrations (1 microM) relaxant effects were observed. 5. Removal of the epithelium did not alter the relaxant effect of PGE2 (pD2 value) on histamine (50 microM)-contracted tissues (intact: 6.86 +/- 0.08 and rubbed: 7.10 +/- 0.3; n = 4; P greater than 0.1). 6. In rubbed preparations treated with indomethacin, PGE2 (0.01 and 0.1 microM) evoked spasm. However, when added to preparations contracted with 5 microM histamine, PGE2 always caused relaxation. 7. The release of immunoreactive PGE2 by rubbed preparations during histamine and/or AA stimulation was significantly less than that produced by intact stimulated tissues. 8. Exogenous PGE2 (0.01-1 microM) decreased the maximal response and sensitivity of rubbed tracheal preparations to histamine. 9. These results suggest that release of an epithelial derived cyclo-oxygenase product, namely PGE2, may regulate basal tone, histamine response and sensitivity of the guinea pig isolated trachea. PMID- 3146397 TI - Amiloride analogues cause endothelium-dependent relaxation in the canine coronary artery in vitro: possible role of Na+/Ca2+ exchange. AB - 1. A number of amiloride analogues were used to test the proposal that Na+/Ca2+ exchange may play a role in the secretion of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). The analogues used were those substituted on either the 5-amino group or the terminal guanidino nitrogen atom. The former block both Na+/Ca2+ and Na+/H+ exchange whilst the latter block the Na+ channel and the Na+/Ca2+ exchange. 2. Both series of compounds caused relaxation in isolated rings of dog coronary artery (EC50 values, 1-10 microM) presumably due to release of EDRF since removal of endothelium greatly attenuated the response. 3. Amiloride (1-100 microM) had little effect on either endothelium-intact or denuded arteries. 4. The guanidino substituted analogues also appeared to block selectively the relaxation response to acetylcholine in the coronary artery, independently of their EDRF-releasing activity. 5. It is proposed that endothelial cells have an active Na+/Ca2+ exchange operating in the forward mode to extrude Ca2+. This mechanism may be important in the control of EDRF release. PMID- 3146398 TI - Effects of sulphonylureas and diazoxide on insulin secretion and nucleotide sensitive channels in an insulin-secreting cell line. AB - 1. The effects of various sulphonylureas and diazoxide on insulin secretion and the activity of various channels have been studied using tissue culture and patch clamp methods in an insulin-secreting cell line derived from a rat islet cell tumour. 2. Tolbutamide, glibenclamide and HB699 increased the rate of insulin release by 2-5 fold. The concentrations of tolbutamide and glibenclamide giving half-maximum effects on insulin secretion were approximately 40 microM and 0.2 microM, respectively. 3. Diazoxide (0.6-1.0 mM) per se, had either no effect or produced a small increase in insulin secretion, whereas when secretion was maximally stimulated by the combination of glucose (3 mM) and leucine (20 mM), it produced inhibition. Tolbutamide-induced release was also inhibited by diazoxide. 4. Tolbutamide, glibenclamide, HB699 and HB985 reduced the open-state probability of the ATP-K+ channel in a dose-dependent manner. Tolbutamide and glibenclamide were shown to be effective regardless of which side of the membrane they were applied. 5. In whole cell recording, in which the total ATP-sensitive K+ conductance of the cell could be measured, dose-inhibition curves for tolbutamide and glibenclamide were constructed, resulting in Ki values of 17 microM and 27 nM, respectively. The value of Ki for tolbutamide was unchanged when ATP (0.1 mM) was present in the electrode. 6. Diazoxide (0.6 mM) activated the ATP-K+ channels only when they had first been inhibited by intracellular ATP (0.1 mM) or bath applied tolbutamide (3-30 microM). The inhibition produced by glibenclamide could not be reversed by diazoxide. 7. Neither tolbutamide (1.0 mM) nor glibenclamide (10 microM) altered the open-state probability of the Ca2+-activated K+ channel or the Ca2+-activated non-selective cation channel which are present in this cell line. 8. It is concluded that the sulphonylureas and related hypoglycaemic drugs and diazoxide regulate insulin secretion by direct effects on the ATP-K+ channel or a protein closely associated with this channel. PMID- 3146401 TI - Inhibition of leukotriene release in anaphylactic guinea-pig hearts by a 5 lipoxygenase inhibitor, CGS 8515. AB - 1. Ovalbumen (100 micrograms)-induced coronary vasoconstriction and decrease in cardiac developed tension were studied in isolated perfused hearts from sensitized guinea-pigs. Leukotriene-like material released in the cardiac effluent was assayed against synthetic leukotriene C4 (LTC4). 2. LTC4 was released in a time-dependent fashion, and release was enhanced when hearts were challenged in the presence of indomethacin (2.8 microM). The release was maximal at 2-3 min and detectable for as long as 10 min following ovalbumen challenge. Immunoreactive (ir) thromboxane-B2 (TxB2) was also detected in cardiac effluent which had been partially purified using C18 Sep-Paks. 3. CGS 8515 (0.03-1.0 microM), an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, dose-dependently inhibited ovalbumen induced coronary vasoconstriction and leukotriene-C4 release. CGS 8515 inhibited ovalbumen-induced decreases in cardiac developed tension at 0.3 and 1.0 microM, but did not antagonize coronary vasoconstriction induced by synthetic LTC4. 4. The release of cyclo-oxygenase products following ovalbumen challenge was not inhibited by CGS 8515, but was markedly inhibited by indomethacin (2.8 microM) pretreatment. 5. We conclude that leukotrienes have a major role in guinea-pig cardiac anaphylaxis, and that CGS 8515 has a cardio-protective action. The results obtained in these experiments in vitro show that CGS 8515 is a potent and selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. PMID- 3146402 TI - Calculus in urethral diverticulum formed upon a nylon suture. PMID- 3146399 TI - The effects of nitroglycerin on regional myocardial contractile dysfunction produced by treadmill exercise or isoprenaline stimulation in dogs. AB - 1. To compare different methods of cardiac stress testing that are clinically applied in the management of coronary heart disease, 2 groups of dogs each were chronically instrumented and subjected to treadmill exercise or isoprenaline infusion in the presence of coronary stenosis. 2. It was of interest to determine differences in haemodynamic and regional myocardial contractile parameters, the response to antianginal therapy (nitroglycerin 15 micrograms kg-1 15 min-1, i.v.), and, in particular, whether this response differed according to the mode of cardiac stimulation, i.e. treadmill exercise or isoprenaline infusion. 3. After stenosis of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery which affected resting myocardial function only minimally, treadmill exercise or isoprenaline infusion induced transient regional contractile dysfunction. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and left ventricular dp/dtmax were registered and myocardial oxygen demand was calculated. Regional contractile performance was assessed by ultrasonic distance measurement in the underperfused and in a normally perfused area. 4. Treadmill exercise led to an increase in systolic arterial and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. In contrast, isoprenaline-induced stimulation led to a decrease in diastolic arterial and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Regional contractile function in the critically underperfused area showed a deterioration during both modes of stress. Nitroglycerin completely abolished stress-induced contractile dysfunction only in the group where treadmill exercise was employed for stimulation. 5. The inability of nitroglycerin to prevent myocardial dysfunction in the isoprenaline group may be due to exhaustion of the arterial and/or venous vasodilator potency of nitroglycerin in the presence of adrenoceptor vasodilatation induced by isoprenaline. 6. These findings indicate that clinical antianginal drug testing and the evaluation of the course of disease in patients with coronary heart disease may be highly dependent on the test method chosen. PMID- 3146400 TI - Interactions between angiotensin II, sympathetic nerve-mediated pressor response and cyclo-oxygenase products in the pithed rat. AB - 1. The influence of angiotensin II (AII) on resting blood pressure and on sympathetic nerve-mediated pressor responses in the pithed rat was investigated either by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system or by infusing AII. 2. Plasma AII levels in the pithed rat were approximately 20 fold higher than in normotensive rats. 3. Infusion of a subpressor dose of AII (50 ng kg-1 min-1) had no effect on sympathetic nerve mediated pressor responses but a pressor dose of AII, (200 ng kg-1 min-1) facilitated nerve-mediated pressor responses. 4. The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, teprotide, and the AII-receptor antagonist, saralasin, lowered the diastolic blood pressure and attenuated sympathetic nerve-mediated pressor responses. There was no difference in the effects of teprotide at 1 mg kg-1 and 10 mg kg-1. Infusion of sodium nitroprusside at concentrations producing a fall in diastolic blood pressure of similar magnitude to that produced by teprotide and saralasin significantly attenuated nerve-mediated pressor responses. 5. After teprotide, AII 50 mg kg-1 min-1 increased diastolic blood pressure. The inhibitory effect of teprotide on nerve-mediated pressor responses was antagonized by this infusion of AII only if the rats were pretreated with the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, flurbiprofen. 6. It is concluded that AII is a major determinant of vascular tone in the pithed rat and that inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system attenuates sympathetic nerve mediated pressor responses at least in part through the fall in blood pressure per se. The demonstration of this is complicated by an excessive release of vasodilator prostaglandins possibly due to the infused AII. Since plasma All levels are high, the effects of blockade of the renin-angiotensin system will be exaggerated and so the importance of All as a modulator of sympathetic responses will be overestimated in this model. PMID- 3146403 TI - Cholecystokinin (CCK) provocation test: long-term follow-up after cholecystectomy. AB - Over a 6-year period 264 cholecystokinin (CCK) provocation tests have been performed in 174 patients with undiagnosed right upper quadrant pain. All were carried out by one person (T.W.J.L.) as part of a prospective placebo-controlled crossover study. Following infusion of CCK but not saline, 103 patients developed pain (CCK + ve). These patients were offered cholecystectomy and 90 accepted. Seventy patients developed no pain during either infusion (CCK - ve), and one patient experienced pain with both CCK and saline infusions. Of the 90 patients who underwent cholecystectomy, 81 (90 per cent) have been followed up for a mean of 35 months (range 12 months to 5 1/2 years), 67 per cent have had complete resolution of symptoms and a further 24 per cent have had a marked improvement in symptoms. Only 9 per cent of patients did not benefit from cholecystectomy. This compares well with patients undergoing cholecystectomy for uncomplicated calculous gallbladder disease, 88 per cent of whom, in our study, were improved by surgery. Patients with a positive CCK test have an excellent chance of symptomatic improvement following cholecystectomy. PMID- 3146404 TI - Inhibition of striatal acetylcholine release by serotonin and dopamine after the intracerebral administration of 6-hydroxydopamine to neonatal rats. AB - The intraventricular administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) depletes the striatum of dopamine (DA). When given to rat pups at an early age, the toxin also increases striatal serotonin (5-HT) content. In the accompanying report we observed that endogenous 5-HT, like DA, exerts an inhibitory influence on the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from striatal slices prepared from control animals and that the extent of this inhibition is related to the degree of serotonergic innervation of the region being examined. To determine whether this hyperinnervation was accompanied by an increase in serotonergic influence on ACh release, striatal slices were prepared from adult rats, preincubated with [3H]choline, superfused, and exposed to electrical field stimulation. The efflux of tritium into the superfusate was used as a measure of ACh release. In confirmation of previous reports, we observed that direct and indirect agonists of DA and 5-HT both reduced ACh overflow from control slices, whereas overflow was increased by antagonists of these amines. Slices prepared from rats given 6 OHDA-induced lesions as adults were responsive to each of these pharmacological manipulations, as well. In contrast, ACh overflow from slices prepared from animals lesioned with 6-OHDA as neonates was not modified by either dopaminergic or serotonergic drugs. These results suggest that the serotonergic hyperinnervation of striatum produced by neonatal 6-OHDA is accompanied by a loss of the inhibitory influence of endogenous 5-HT and DA on striatal ACh release and, thus, provide no evidence for a role for either transmitter in the behavioral sparing associated with such lesions. PMID- 3146405 TI - Treatment with the thyrotropin-releasing hormone analog CG3703 restores magnesium homeostasis following traumatic brain injury in rats. AB - Treatment with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogs following traumatic injury to the central nervous system (CNS) improves neurological outcome through mechanisms that remain unclear. Previous studies have shown that traumatic brain injury is associated with a profound decline in intracellular free magnesium (Mgf) and in total tissue magnesium (Mgt), the extent of Mgf decline being linearly correlated to the severity of injury and resultant neurological deficit. We have used 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, respectively, to measure cerebral Mgf concentration and Mgf content in rats following fluid percussion brain trauma and treatment with the TRH analog, CG3703. Treatment at 30 min postinjury with CG3703 significantly improved Mgf when compared to saline-treated controls. There were no significant changes in Mgt, Na+, K+ or water content following CG3703 treatment. Since a decline in intracellular free magnesium may affect cellular bioenergetic status, calcium flux, activity of excitatory amino acids, opiate receptors, and the release of eicosanoids, these results suggest that the beneficial effects of treatment with TRH analogs after CNS trauma may be mediated through magnesium dependent mechanisms. PMID- 3146406 TI - Differential expression of neurofilament subunits in the developing corpus callosum. AB - In the course of development, corticocortical axons seem to first appear in a labile state from which they either mature into a stable state or are eliminated. These state transitions may be related to cytoskeletal modifications. By immunohistochemistry and immunobiochemistry we found that, in the corpus callosum of the cat, the heavy (200 kDa) subunit of neurofilaments (NF) becomes progressively more visible during the first postnatal month. This aspect of cytoskeletal maturation parallels the developmental loss of callosal axons, i.e. probably the stabilization of the axons which are not eliminated. A similar maturation of the heavy subunit was observed in the visual cortical areas 17 and 18. The medium (150 kDa) and to a lesser extent the light (70 kDa) NF subunits are already present a few days after birth. PMID- 3146407 TI - Neurofilament triplet proteins of NB2a/d1 neuroblastoma: posttranslational modification and incorporation into the cytoskeleton during differentiation. AB - Induction of axonal neuritogenesis in NB2a/d1 cells was associated with an increased content of neurofilament proteins (NFPs) by immunoblot analysis. The major NFP subunits in differentiated [NB2a(+)] cells included microheterogenous forms with apparent molecular weights of 200-190 kDa (NFP-H), 143-142 kDa (NFP-M) and 70 kDa (NFP-L) on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Only NFP-L was detected in cytoskeletal preparations of undifferentiated [NB2a(-)] cells. All three NFPs of NB2a(+) cells incorporated 32P-orthophosphate in intact cells. A 160/155 kDa NFP-H immunoreactive polypeptide in NB2a(-) and NB2a(+) cells represented a relatively unmodified form of the 200 kDa NFP-H, since dephosphorylation of the 200 kDa NFP-H in vitro with alkaline phosphatase generated the 160/155 kDa forms. Triton-extracted NB2a(+) cells displayed NFP-H immunoreactivity in neurites and occasionally in perikaryal regions at the base of neurites. NFP-M was present throughout the neurites and somata of NB2a(+) cells, and was regularly detected in portions of perikarya in NB2a(-) cells. NFP-L immunoreactivity was distributed throughout the Triton insoluble cytoskeleton of NB2a(-) and NB2a(+) cells. Immunocytochemical analyses revealed that extensively phosphorylated forms of NFP-H were largely restricted to the neurites of NB2a(+) cells, and less modified forms predominated throughout both perikarya and neurites of NB2a(-) and NB2a(+) cells. PMID- 3146408 TI - Assessment of the effects of a synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone associated peptide on hormone release from the in situ and ectopic pituitaries in adult male rats. AB - The in vivo effects of synthetic human gonadotropin-releasing hormone associated peptide (GAP) were evaluated in adult male rats. In normal rats, intracerebroventricular (III ventricle) injection of 5 ng GAP significantly increased plasma LH levels after 60 minutes. Intracerebroventricular administration of 5, 25 or 125 ng of GAP elevated circulating LH levels also at 120 minutes of injection but did not alter plasma FSH, prolactin or testosterone concentrations. In hypophysectomized-pituitary-grafted rats injection of 125 ng GAP directly into the ectopic pituitary induced no changes in peripheral hormone levels. However, intrapituitary graft injection of 25 ng of GnRH significantly elevated circulating levels of LH and testosterone. These results indicate that the ectopic pituitary graft can respond to acute exogenous GnRH stimulation and that the commercially available synthetic GAP fails to inhibit prolactin release in adult male rats. PMID- 3146409 TI - Changes in the distribution of the neuron-specific B-50, neurofilament protein and glial fibrillary acidic proteins following an unilateral mesencephalic lesion in the rat. AB - Following a unilateral electrolytic lesion in the ventral rat mesencephalon, changes in the immunocytochemical distribution of the neuron-specific B-50, neurofilament (NF) protein and glial fibrillary acidic (GFAP) proteins were studied around the lesion after 0, 3, 10 and 28 days. At all recovery times, the controls displayed on immunostaining with anti-B-50 and anti-neurofilament antibodies, a characteristic pattern of synaptic and neuritic localization of these antigens, whereas anti-GFAP staining revealed a distribution typical for astrocytes. The lesion was characterized by a center of coagulated material that exhibited immunoreactivity to B-50 (BIR) and NF (NFIR), but never GFAP immunoreactivity. From 3 days on, the center became surrounded by disintegrating cells which were unreactive to the antibodies. The antigen distribution changed temporally, predominantly at the lesion rim. By 10 and 28 days postlesion, additional BIR was observed as punctuate dots in fibers and membranes of neurons. Enhanced NFIR was detected in fibers and cell bodies. Many astrocytes were detected around the lesion rim, forming by 28 days postsurgery a barrier between the lesion cavity and the uninjured tissue. Our study shows that distribution changes in B-50, NF and GFAP around the lesion may indicate local degenerative and adaptative processes as a temporal response to brain trauma. PMID- 3146410 TI - [Neutralism and adaptation in a simple model of molecular evolution]. AB - We introduce a simple model of molecular evolution, with a fixed population and a rugged fitness function. We exhibit the analogy between the crossover from a neutralist to an adaptative evolutionary behavior and the percolation transition in genome space. PMID- 3146411 TI - [Correlation of the rates of singlet oxygen inactivation by phenols and their efficacy in the inhibition of neoplasms induced by benzo(a)pyrene]. AB - Prooxidant states, characterised by an increase in the intracellular concentration of activated forms of oxygen, are able to promote tumors. The inhibitory effects of synthetic phenolic compounds added to the diet of mice on benzo(a)pyrene-induced neoplasia of the forestomach have been determined by Wattenberg et al. The efficiency of this inhibition has been estimated quantitatively for each phenol, using the ratio R of the number of tumors per mouse in the treated group over the number of tumors per mouse in the control group. We have observed a linear correlation between the antitumoral efficiency (1-R) and the logarithm of the rate of quenching of singlet oxygen, k, y, by this family of phenols, log k being itself correlated with the half-wave oxidation potential of the phenols. These correlations suggest a charge transfer mechanism for the inhibition of neoplasia induced by benzo(a)pyrene, B(a)P. It should be pointed out that singlet oxygen can be generated via enzymatic reactions in the dark and thus might play a role in the formation of the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite B(a)P-7, 8-dihydroxy-9, 10-epoxide. The correlations described emphasize the interest in scaling the inhibitors of mutagenicity induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with respect to their oxidation potentials. Our result is a first step towards a better understanding of the molecular reactions involved in chemically-induced neoplasia and in its prevention. PMID- 3146412 TI - [Enzymatic cleavage of human neurophysin into 2 sub-domains containing 3 and 4 disulfides]. AB - Native human MSEL-neurophysin has been subjected to trypsin hydrolysis. Because of a change of the bond Lys59-Pro60 found in other mammalian neurophysins into Lys59-Ala60 in human protein, a peculiar cleavage has occurred in the latter, leading to a split of the molecule into two halves. The N-terminal sub-domain contains 4 disulfide bridges whereas the C-terminal one possesses 3 disulfide bridges. PMID- 3146413 TI - [Primary structure of human protein pS2]. AB - We have previously reported that pS2 mRNA expressed in cultured epithelial cells derived from a hormone-dependent breast carcinoma (MCF-7 cells) is also expressed in mucosa cells of normal human stomach. This mRNA encodes a putative 84 amino acid-long protein, which is secreted by both cell types after elimination of a signal peptide. We report here the purification of the pS2 protein, its trypsin digestion and amino-acid sequencing. The MCF-7 cell-secreted protein is 60 amino acid-long and its sequence is in complete agreement with that deduced from the mRNA sequence. The presence of an N-terminal glutamic acid indicates that the signal peptidase releases a 24 amino-acid-long signal peptide. Analysis of tryptic peptides derived from the secreted gastric pS2 protein indicates that the signal peptide and the sequence of the first 48 amino-acids are identical to those of secreted MCF-7 pS2 protein, although the N-terminal amino-acid of the gastric protein may be cyclized as a pyroglumatic acid. PMID- 3146415 TI - [Convergence of nociceptive information on the parabrachio-amygdala neurons in the rat]. AB - Neurones were recorded with extracellular micropipettes, in the parabrachial area located in the dorsolateral region of the pons of anaesthetized rats. All the neurones were identified by antidromic stimulation from the nucleus centralis of the amygdala. Numerous parabrachio-amygdala neurones (70%) were exclusively affected by noxious stimuli applied to several areas of the body. The rest of the neurones (30%) were not activated by any of these stimuli. The "nociceptive" neurones were classified in two groups: the neurones in the first group ("specific nociceptive", 55% of the whole population), responded to mechanical nociceptive and thermal nociceptive stimulation (threshold greater than 44 degrees C), with a strong and sustained activation. The neurones in the second group (15% of the whole population) responded by a strong inhibition to the nociceptive stimulation. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation demonstrated that the specific nociceptive parabrachial neurones received messages from A delta and C fibres. These results demonstrate that a spino-(trigemino)-ponto-amygdala nociceptive pathway exists which could be implicated in the emotional responses to noxious events. PMID- 3146414 TI - [T lymphocyte activation induced in vivo by the first injection of OKT3 monoclonal antibodies]. AB - One of the major side effects induced by the in vivo administration of the murine monoclonal antibody OKT3 is a spontaneously reversible clinical syndrome associating in variable proportions depending on the patient: fever, chills, headaches, diarrhea and seldomly meningismus. Sera from 3 renal allograft recipients treated with OKT3 were studied and showed that a massive although transient release of some cytokines namely, Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha, Interleukin 2 and Interferon gamma is observed following the first OKT3 injection. PMID- 3146416 TI - [Clinical trial of the Hp 47 210 A capnometer in the newborn infant]. PMID- 3146417 TI - Coagulation, inflammation, and responses to injury. AB - Several mechanisms contributing to the development of post-traumatic alterations in organ function are reviewed. The importance of interactions between clotting and inflammatory mediators is detailed. A discussion of management strategies emphasizes the role of early recognition and aggressive treatment of organ dysfunction. PMID- 3146418 TI - Critical care management of chest injury. AB - This article reviews the care of the chest-injured patient during the intensive care unit phase of his or her recovery. Special attention is given to the respiratory aspects of care; hemodynamic and nutritional aspects are also covered. PMID- 3146419 TI - The role of nutrition in the management of metabolic stress. AB - The metabolic response to injury is a different process from starvation. As such, it requires a different set of nutritional support principles in order to provide effective therapy that is cost-conscious and with a minimum of complications. In all cases, it is essential to restore and to maintain oxygen transport prior to instituting nutritional support. In the higher levels of stress, an enhanced response can be achieved with the modified amino acid formulas in a setting of balanced nutritional support. With the principles outlined above, nutritional status can be effectively managed in most settings as a variable that influences morbidity and mortality in surgery, polytrauma, and sepsis. PMID- 3146420 TI - Sensitivity of dual-photon absorptiometry in spinal osteoporosis. AB - Lumbar spine bone mass and density were measured with Dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) in 60 patients with crush fractures and 60 age-matched normal women. Short term reproducibility of bone mineral density (BMD) was 1.3% in normal women and 2.5% in osteoporotic women; long-term reproducibility in normal women was 2.2%. The reproducibility of bone mineral content (BMC) seemed to be poorer than that of BMD. In this study, aortic calcifications had no effect on BMD, and one or two crush fractures in the L2-L4 region increased BMD by an average of 3% (0-10%). Lumbar spine DPA provided high sensitivity for these younger crush fracture osteoporotic patients (x = 65 years). The sensitivity at 95% specificity was 74% for BMD and 73% for BMC. This sensitivity is substantially better than that reported for DPA instruments giving higher variances or for quantitative computed tomography. PMID- 3146422 TI - Hypocalcemia in patients with prostate cancer. AB - We report a case of severe hypocalcemia in a patient with prostate cancer and extensive metastatic bone disease. The hypocalcemia in this patient was most likely on the basis of extensive accretion of calcium into the bones. We further studied 112 patients with prostate cancer, 15 of whom were discovered to be hypocalcemic on the basis of serum total calcium measurement. Fourteen of these 15 patients had bone metastases. Serum total calcium, total protein, and albumin levels were significantly lower in patients with bone metastases (n = 61) than those without (n = 51). Hypocalcemia could be explained on the basis of hypoalbuminemia or renal failure in these patients. Plasma ionized Ca measurements were made in 47 of the total 112 patients. Only one patient with extensive bone metastases was found to be hypocalcemic on the basis of ionized calcium measurement. Therefore, apparent hypocalcemia based on total calcium measurement is common in patients with prostate cancer (14% of all and 23% of those with bone metastases), whereas true hypocalcemia based on ionized calcium determinations is unusual. PMID- 3146421 TI - Effects of immobilization on fetal bone development. A morphometric study in newborns with congenital neuromuscular diseases with intrauterine onset. AB - The effects of immobilization on fetal bone development were studied through post mortem radiographs in 11 newborns with congenital neuromuscular diseases (CNMD) of intrauterine onset. Quantitative parameters were determined in the following bones: tibia, femur, humerus, radius, 3rd lumbar vertebra, and 5th rib. Thirty stillborns or newborns of similar gestational age and deceased from causes other than neuromuscular or related diseases were used as controls. No significant differences in bone lengths were observed between both groups. However, external diameters, cortex thicknesses, and cortical areas values were significantly lower in newborns with CNMD than in the control group. In newborns with CNMD, the medullary diameter of long bones showed good correlation with gestational age. However, this diameter was greater than that expected according to the reduced external diameter. These results suggest that intrauterine immobilization induces a decrease in mechanical usage of bone, mainly influencing bone modeling and probably bone remodeling. No changes were observed in longitudinal bone growth. Bones showed osteopenia and mechanical defects and were prone to fractures. In summary, reduced immobilization in utero produces bone osteoporosis of the fetus. PMID- 3146423 TI - Isolation of growth factors from adult bovine bone. AB - Fetal rat calvariae synthesize transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2 m), and insulinlike growth factor I (IGF I), but, except for TGF beta, it is not known if these polypeptides are also present in adult bone tissue. Pulverized bovine bone, extracted with 0.5 N HCl and 4 M guanidine HCl and fractionated by gel filtration, was found to contain several biologically active components when tested for its effects on DNA synthesis in osteoblast-rich cell cultures. TGF beta, beta 2 m, and IGF I were identified and further purified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). TGF beta, identified by a standard TGF beta bioassay or by immunoreactivity, was purified by muBondapak C18 and muBondapak CN reversed phase HPLC. beta 2 m, identified by immunoreactivity, required an additional fractionation step on a DEAE-HPLC column for complete purification. IGF I, identified by immunoreactivity, was purified by HPLC using a muBondapak C18 and a DEAE-HPLC column. Purified TGF beta, beta 2 m, and IGF I migrated as single bands on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with respective molecular masses of 24,000, 10,000, and 7,500. In conclusion, adult bone matrix, like fetal bone cultures, contains TGF beta, beta 2 m, and IGF I and these factors may play a role in adult skeletal remodeling. PMID- 3146424 TI - Effect of transforming growth factor-beta on DNA synthesis by growth plate chondrocytes: modulation by factors present in serum. AB - Chondrocytes in the growth plate undergo rapid proliferation during the process of enchondral ossification. The factors that regulate this proliferative activity have not been defined although several local autocrine or paracrine growth factors have recently been discovered in cartilage. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta) is an important regulator of cell metabolism and growth and is present in cartilage. The present study was designed to examine the influence of TGF-beta on DNA synthesis in chick epiphyseal chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were plated in serum-free (BSA-supplemented) medium or medium containing 10% FBS, and after 24 hours in monolayer culture, were treated with TGF-beta in identical medium. A 24 hour incubation with TGF-beta caused a biphasic dose-dependent increase in thymidine incorporation. The effect was greatly increased in serum containing cultures where a maximal 20-fold increase in thymidine incorporation occurred compared with the 2 1/2-fold maximal increase obtained in serum-free cultures. The effect was present by 12 hours and maximal between 0.3 and 1.0 ng/ml of TGF-beta. Higher concentrations of TGF-beta were less stimulatory. The serum enhancement was dependent upon the simultaneous presence of TGF-beta and serum factors and was abolished when chondrocytes were plated and exposed to TGF beta in medium containing dialyzed FBS (12-14 kD MW membrane). The nature of the uptake and incorporation of thymidine into DNA by individual chondrocytes appeared to be the same in both TGF-beta-treated and control cultures as the apparent Kms were similar. The present study indicates that TGF-beta increases DNA synthesis by growth plate chondrocytes. The effect is enhanced by factors present in serum. PMID- 3146425 TI - Adenylate cyclase-stimulating, bone-resorbing and B TGF-like activities in canine apocrine cell adenocarcinoma of the anal sac. AB - Canine apocrine cell adenocarcinoma of the anal sac (APO-AS) is a spontaneously occurring tumor that causes humorally mediated hypercalcemia in 90% of cases. To further define the nature of the responsible mediator in APO-AS, we examined tumor extracts from five APO-AS and four control tumors for adenylate cyclase stimulating activity (ACSA). All extracts from APO-AS contained potent ACSA, whereas the four control tumors did not. The ACSA extracted from one tumor demonstrated a dose response curve parallel to that of synthetic bovinePTH-(1-34) and was 80% inhibited by Nle8,18,Tyr34 bPTH-(3-34)amide at a concentration of 10( 5) M. Extracts from three APO-AS and three control tumors were also examined for in vitro bone-resorbing activity (BRA). All APO-AS contained significant BRA, stimulating resorption 1.47 to 2.13-fold over basal, whereas none of the control tumors stimulated resorption. Purification of one extract using C18 reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) resulted in a single sharp peak of ACSA which was 400-fold purified compared with the initial extract. This pool also contained significant bone-resorbing activity, whereas none of the adjacent pools did. Purification of a second extract using sequential CN and C18 RP-HPLC followed by size exclusion HPLC resulted in material that was at least 10,000 fold purified, and showed co-purification of ACSA and B TGF-like activity. PMID- 3146426 TI - 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 affects calmodulin distribution among subcellular fractions of skeletal muscle. AB - 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 has been shown to stimulate calcium fluxes across skeletal muscle membranes. The involvement of calmodulin in the effects of the metabolite was investigated. Primary cultures of chick embryo skeletal muscle myoblasts and soleus muscles from vitamin D-deficient or 1,25 (OH)2D3-treated chicks were used. Culture of myoblasts and vitamin D-deficient soleus with 1,25 (OH)2D3 (0.05 ng/ml) for 24 and 1 hour, respectively, significantly increased 45Ca uptake by the preparations. In the presence of the calmodulin antagonists flufenazine or compound 48/80 in the uptake medium, no differences between control and treated cultures were observed. The calmodulin content of myoblasts and soleus homogenates and subcellular fractions derived therefrom was estimated by measuring their capacity to stimulate calmodulin-depleted cAMP phosphodiesterase. No changes in total calmodulin cellular content could be detected in response to 1,25(OH)2D3. However, the sterol produced an increase in calmodulin levels of microsomes, mitochondria, and crude myofibrillar fraction and a proportional decrease in cytosolic calmodulin concentration. The 1,25(OH)2D3-dependent changes in calmodulin distribution among subcellular fractions of soleus muscle were observed either in vivo or in vitro. The effects in vitro were already detectable after 5 minutes of treatment with the sterol and parallel 1,25(OH)2D3-dependent changes in tissue Ca uptake. The results suggest that changes in calmodulin intracellular distribution may underly part of the mechanism by which 1,25(OH)2D3 affects muscle calcium transport. PMID- 3146427 TI - Reduced strength of rat cortical bone after glucocorticoid treatment. AB - The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of therapeutic doses of glucocorticoids on the mechanical strength of rat femora. Groups of rats were treated with a glucocorticoid--methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)--1 mg/kg/day for 5, 10, 30, and 90 days. One group served as intact control, two control groups were injected with saline for 30 and 90 days and another group of rats had restricted access to food so that their weight gain was reduced to the same extent as the group treated with glucocorticoid for 90 days. The strength of the femora was analyzed by means of a materials testing machine. No differences were found in the short-term treated groups compared to the control groups, but in the group treated with glucocorticoid for 90 days, a reduction in the bending strength of the rat cortical bone was found. Furthermore, this reduction in strength was found after correction for the reduced thickness of cortical bone in the glucocorticoid-treated rats. The results could not be explained solely by the fact that glucocorticoid-treated rats had smaller bones. No alterations were found in bone density or bone ash weight relative to dry weight. The data indicate that the reduction in bone strength induced by glucocorticoids is not only caused by a reduction in bone quantity, but also by a decrease in bone quality. PMID- 3146428 TI - The effects of tamoxifen on the osteopenia induced by sciatic neurotomy in the rat: a histomorphometric study. AB - The effects of a 3-week treatment with the nonsteroidal "antiestrogen" tamoxifen were determined on cortical and trabecular bone mass of the tibiae of growing male rats that had undergone unilateral sciatic neurotomy (USN). USN resulted in decreases in cortical area (-11.3%), cross-sectional area (-8.4%), and periosteal bone formation rate (-32.6%) in cortical bone, indicating that the disuse osteopenia results in a decrease in bone formation in cortical bone. USN significantly reduced the amount of trabecular bone in our metaphyseal sampling site (-75%), markedly increasing the amount of bone surface lined by osteoclasts (+65%) without affecting the surface lined by osteoblasts. These results suggest that trabecular bone disuse osteopenia is due, at least in part, to increased bone resorption. Tamoxifen treatment significantly reduced the loss of trabecular bone, restoring resorbing surface length to the control (sham-operated) animal levels. Tamoxifen treatment of sham-operated animals increased trabecular bone area and surface by 35.7% (+/- 10.5) and 41.8% (+/- 7.8), respectively, and reduced resorbing surface by 21.5% (+/- 11.6) compared with sham-operated placebo treated rats. Tamoxifen had no significant effect on cortical bone parameters in the sham-operated group. The results indicate that tamoxifen is able to reduce the trabecular bone loss that results from USN, but has no effect on cortical bone disuse osteopenia, or on trabecular bone formation. Moreover, tamoxifen treatment of control (intact) animals inhibited the normal levels of bone resorption occurring in these rapidly growing animals. PMID- 3146430 TI - Paratyphoid fever: analysis of 18 cases and its unusual complications. PMID- 3146429 TI - Purification, characterization, and biosynthesis of bovine enamelins. AB - Enamelins were extracted from developing bovine enamel with 0.5 M EDTA, 4 M guanidine HCl, and purified by DEAE-Sephacel, Sephacryl S-200, and high performance gel filtration chromatography. Four distinct enamelins having molecular weights of 70, 45, 30, and 28 K daltons were isolated. Their amino acid compositions were found to be rich in Pro, Glu, Gly, and Asp. Low molecular weight enamelins (45, 30, and 28 K) were more abundant in Pro, Gly, and Phe. Two dimensional electrophoretic pattern of enamelins revealed several spots that immunoreacted to monoclonal anti-enamelin antibody raised in mice. Enamelins were found to be comprised of heterogeneous proteins as well as amelogenins. Biosynthesis of enamelins was investigated by incubating the bovine ameloblast cell layer, and several radioactive enamelins were identified by the use of two dimensional electrophoresis. The data in this study suggest that enamelins were synthesized by the ameloblasts. PMID- 3146431 TI - Mechanism of action of platelet-activating factor on guinea-pig lung parenchyma strips. AB - The contribution of thromboxane A2 to platelet-activating factor (PAF)induced contraction of guinea-pig lung parenchyma strips (GPLPS) was investigated using an experimental design that allowed us to record the contractions of the tissues in parallel with the determination of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels in the organ baths by enzyme immunoassay. It was found that the first injection of PAF induced the contraction of GPLPS and the release of TXB2. Following subsequent additions of PAF to the same tissue, the contractile response was abolished but TXB2 levels were not significantly reduced. Pretreatment of the tissue with the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor OKY-046 (3.5, 170, and 350 microM) strongly inhibited the release of TXB2 but had no effect on the contraction of the tissues induced by PAF. The mechanism of PAF-induced contraction of GPLPS was further investigated using several drugs that interfere with arachidonic acid metabolism. It was found that pretreatment of the tissues with the cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthetase inhibitors indomethacin (2.8, 28, and 56 microM) and OKY-046 (170 microM) or with the thromboxane antagonist SKF-88046 (1.25 and 12.5 microM) had no significant effect on the contractile response to PAF. The compound L-655,240 (2.5, 25, and 50 microM), which acts simultaneously as an antagonist of thromboxane and inhibitor of lipoxygenase, significantly reduced GPLPS contractions induced by PAF. Another lipoxygenase inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (33 microM), and the inhibitor of both pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism, BW775c (110 microM), both reduced PAF-induced contractions of GPLPS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3146432 TI - Deprenyl as symptomatic therapy in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3146433 TI - Collagen cross-linking. PMID- 3146434 TI - Interaction between electron transfer chain and lysine transport in yeast. PMID- 3146435 TI - Effect of protease substrates on insulin imprinting. Experiments with Tetrahymena and Chang liver cells. PMID- 3146437 TI - The ciliary cycle during hyperpolarization-induced activity: an analysis of axonemal functional parameters. AB - Motor responses of the frontal cirri of the ciliate Stylonychia were recorded at the axial view of the ciliary base with high-speed cinematography. Voltage-clamp applying sustained hyperpolarizing voltage steps was used to explore the properties of the ciliary cycle modulated by the membrane potential. Upon hyperpolarization between -1 and -13 mV, a previously inactive frontal cirrus reoriented from a neutral posture and started beating so that the axis of the beating cone of a proximal cirral segment assumed an orientation near 100 degrees (proceeding counterclockwise from posterior = 0 degrees) and inclination near 60 degrees (0 degrees = perpendicular to the cell surface). The major beating amplitude was limited to about 150 degrees. Increasing hyperpolarization increased the spatial polarity of the cycle (ratio of major over minor amplitude, from 2 to 2.4). Rates of the power stroke increased with hyperpolarizations up to -4 mV but were consistently smaller than those of the return stroke during the ciliary cycle (ratio: 0.4 to 0.6; = temporal polarity). Comparison of different hypothetical beat forms (0-shape, D-shape, and egg-shape) showed that the orientation-time data are the major determinants of the angular velocity and rate of reorientation of the cilium during the cycle. Geometric transformation of these data led to descriptions of the cycle of a proximal ciliary segment in terms of active sliding velocities and rates of unidirectional sliding translocation between identified doublets. Three voltage-sensitive functional parameters of the cilium--the inclination (which is noncyclic) and the rates of active sliding and sliding translocation (both of which are cyclic in nature)- are discussed as generating the spatial and temporal properties of the ciliary beat. PMID- 3146436 TI - Plasminogen activators and their potential in therapy. AB - Plasminogen activators (PAs) are proteases that convert plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin, in turn, is a protease that can lyse a fibrin clot and, therefore, PAs have a primary role in fibrinolysis. Two PAs, urokinase (UK) and streptokinase (SK), have been available for therapeutic use for years. Unfortunately, both can cause systemic fibrinogenolysis and other side effects which have limited their use. Interest has focused on a different enzyme, tissue plasminogen activator (t PA), which will cause specific clot lysis without systemic problems. The gene for t-PA has been cloned and many biotechnology firms are preparing to produce t-PA for therapeutic use. The properties and potential for therapy of t-PA are reviewed and compared to new forms of other activators, such as pro-urokinase. How the interactions of PAs and inhibitors may affect the use of PAs is also discussed. PMID- 3146438 TI - The future is now: nursing makes a difference. PMID- 3146440 TI - Do not resuscitate (DNR): nurses in the middle. PMID- 3146439 TI - Staffing issues in long term care: recruitment and retention strategies. PMID- 3146441 TI - Long term care insurance. PMID- 3146442 TI - [Respiratory pathogens in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Guangzhou area]. PMID- 3146443 TI - [Assessment of factor VIII-related antigen (F VIII R:Ag) in pulmonary blood vessels in cor pulmonale]. PMID- 3146444 TI - Complete estrogen blockade with buserelin and aminoglutethimide for advanced breast cancer: a phase I-II study with long-term hormonal correlations. AB - We treated 21 patients with advanced breast cancer with buserelin, aminoglutethimide and cortisone acetate in an attempt to obtain a complete estrogen blockade both in premenopausal and postmenopausal patients. Ten patients (47%) obtained an objective response without any relevant side-effects. Dealing with hormonal data, it must be outlined that serum testosterone levels decreased significantly in postmenopausal patients, suggesting a possible explanation for the activity of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue in this group of patients. PMID- 3146445 TI - [A new sensitivity test for substances used as antiseptics or disinfectants. I. Biological studies]. AB - In this first article, the authors present a fast method of determining the bactericide and bacteriostatic power of the germs, based on the disparition of the succino-dehydrogenase activity of a bacterium, objectified by a neotetrazolium chloride reaction. This reaction allows a colorimetric qualitative and quantitative determination of the activity of a preparation and the duration of its contact with the bacteria. This method allows a study in electronic microscopy which will be published in a second article. PMID- 3146446 TI - [Urinary schistosomiasis in the region of Barh in the Yemen Arab Republic]. AB - A survey on schistosomiasis conducted in 1986 in Barh area, 50 km south-west of Taez in Y.A.R. shows us that this endemic disease is already highly prevalent. Distribution, prevalence, sources of infection, hosts are described. The author propose a plan of action for schistosomiasis control in the area of Barh integrated to the national plan and the PHC services. PMID- 3146447 TI - [Use of local food resources in the rehabilitation of children with malnutrition in the Central African Republic]. AB - 860 cases of malnourished children have been treated by supplementing their diet with traditional food available within the study area. 40% had a significant gain of weight within 10 days and a weight curve back to normal with 6 months for 61.7% of the study cases. After 6 years, 68% of the ones still under study are cured and in good health. This study shows that the malnutrition in rural area of the West part of the Central African Republic can be fight with only local agricultural products. PMID- 3146449 TI - An immunological procedure for the rapid identification of Phaeoannellomyces werneckii. AB - Phaeoannellomyces werneckii is identified on the basis of its annellidic conidiogenous cells and the production of two-celled conidia. Without the proper recognition of its annellidic mode of conidiogenesis, isolates of P. werneckii can be confused with other species of Phaeococcomyces, Exophiala, and Scolecobasidium constrictum. To overcome this problem, we developed exoantigen reagents capable of specifically identifying P. werneckii. Rabbit P. werneckii antiserum was rendered specific by adsorptions with antigens of Exophiala jeanselmei serotype 1, Exophiala moniliae, and Wangiella dermatitidis. Eighty-two dematiaceous yeast-like fungi, including 18 P. werneckii cultures, were tested in the immunodiffusion test against P. werneckii antisera. Exoantigen tests permitted the rapid and specific identification of the 18 P. werneckii isolates. Negative results were obtained with the 64 heterologous antigen extracts. PMID- 3146448 TI - Method for analysis of antigen-antibody precipitins in double immunodiffusion. AB - Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) antigen-antibody precipitin bands obtained by two dimensional double immunodiffusion were systematically analyzed and compared using a microcomputer and a SPSS-PC statistical analysis package. Precipitins rated in respective agarose concentrations ranging from 0.3% to 1.5% were obtained from twofold dilutions of a calf thymus nuclear extract (CTNE) containing RNP antigen. These dilutions were reacted against the same dilutions of plasma containing anti-RNP antibody. A Mean Quality Index Score was calculated at each agarose concentration from the sum of ratings assigned for the intensity (thickness) of precipitin bands times the sum of ratings assigned for the clarity (clearness and sharpness) of the precipitin bands. This product was divided by the total number of possible precipitin reactions. The Mean Quality Index Score for the 0.4% agarose was significantly higher than the other concentrations (p less than or equal to 0.05). This method or similar approaches may allow a more systematic way of comparing precipitins developed in gel immunodiffusion. PMID- 3146450 TI - Quantitation of age-related levels of IgG subclasses using serotec RID plates. PMID- 3146451 TI - Surgery for intractable epilepsy. Clinicopathologic correlates in 60 cases. PMID- 3146452 TI - Monoclonal hybridoma anti-cardiolipin antibodies from SLE mice. AB - To determine whether the anti-cardiolipin antibodies are identical with the lupus anticoagulant and other antibodies to phospholipids and DNA, we prepared monoclonal hybridoma autoantibodies to cardiolipin from SLE-prone MRL/lpr mice and characterized their specificity. Using a somatic cell hybridization technique, we established three hybridoma clones which produce antibodies to cardiolipin (CAL-1: IgG2b, k, CAL-2: IgM, k and CAL-3: IgM, k). These hybridoma antibodies preferentially reacted with cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine, weakly reacted with phosphatidylinositol, but not with other phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylethanolamine and VDRL antigen. Two hybridoma anti-cardiolipin antibodies bound to ssDNA and were found to act as the lupus anticoagulant when mixing activated partial thromboplastin time with cephalin. These autoantibodies may prove to be good tools for elucidating mechanisms of thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, fetal loss and other related manifestations found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3146454 TI - Errors in bone blood flow measured with microspheres due to sample preparation technique. AB - An experiment was carried out to examine the effect of boiling the carcass on the subsequent microsphere content of the skeleton. Intracardiac injections of radioactive microspheres were made in five rabbits and the animals killed humanely. The tibia and femur were then removed from one lower limb by dissection, and from the other after boiling it in a pressure cooker. The mean radioactivity in the bones was significantly less following boiling: 61% (SD 14) of the control tibia and 56% (SD 11) of the control femur. As a methodological check, the radioactivity in the bones of left and right legs was compared after both had been removed by boiling. In three animals, the mean activity (left compared with right) was 101% (SD 6) in the tibia and 100% (SD 3) in the femur. Boiling the carcass led to a substantial reduction in the microsphere content of the bones and cannot be recommended as a method of sample preparation for quantitative bone blood flow work. PMID- 3146453 TI - HLA-D region antigens on isolated human colonic epithelial cells: enhanced expression in inflammatory bowel disease and in vitro induction by different stimuli. AB - Colonic epithelial cells (CEC) were isolated from actively inflamed mucosa of IBD patients and checked for HLA-DR, HLA-DP, and HLA-DQ. Half of the freshly isolated CEC from IBD tissue expressed DR, and one third were positive for DP and DQ. Normal human CEC were then cultured for 24 h and their expression of these markers in response to different types of in vitro stimulation was investigated. A significant increase in the expression of DR, DP and DQ was observed in response to the nonspecific mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), the lymphokine gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) and the epidermal growth factor (EGF). The enhancement of DR expression was more marked than that of DP and DQ. The effect of gamma-IFN was more rapid and significantly more marked than that of either PHA and EGF for all three antigens. EGF appeared to be more potent than PHA in enhancing the expression of DP and DQ. The data from this study indicate that HLA D region antigens can be induced on human CEC by different types of stimuli and provide further evidence that the expression of these markers in the colonic epithelium is a normal event the magnitude of which can increase under various circumstances. The data also suggest that the increased expression of HLA-D region antigens by IBD CEC occurs as a result of different mechanisms, and that this expression is an indicator of the active participation of the colonic epithelium to the mucosal inflammatory response. PMID- 3146455 TI - Mupirocin: a topical antibiotic with a unique structure and mechanism of action. AB - The chemistry, mechanism of action, antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, dosage, and administration of mupirocin are reviewed. Mupirocin, formerly termed pseudomonic acid A, is a topical antibiotic under investigation for the treatment of impetigo and other superficial primary and secondary skin infections. Mupirocin (Bactroban, Beecham Laboratories) is currently formulated as a 2% ointment in a water-miscible polyethylene glycol base. The drug is a unique antimicrobial agent because of its structure and mechanism of action. Mupirocin apparently exerts its antimicrobial activity by reversibly inhibiting isoleucyl-transfer RNA, thereby inhibiting bacterial protein and RNA synthesis. Mupirocin has excellent in vitro activity against staphylococci and most streptococci but less activity against other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The drug will only be used topically because of its rapid and extensive systemic metabolism. Several controlled clinical trials documented that mupirocin was significantly better than the polyethylene glycol vehicle alone or ampicillin and as effective as cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, or erythromycin in producing clinical and bacteriological cures in patients with impetigo and wound infections caused by gram-positive pathogens. Limited studies suggest that mupirocin may also have a role in eradicating nasal carriage of staphylococci. Reported adverse effects are local and may be related to the polyethylene glycol vehicle base. Mupirocin should be useful for treating patients with impetigo and wound infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. However, additional controlled, comparative clinical studies are needed to identify the role of mupirocin in treating other primary and secondary skin infections and for eliminating nasal carriage of staphylococci. PMID- 3146456 TI - Cefazolin-associated neutropenia. PMID- 3146457 TI - Effects of surface-active agents on drug susceptibility levels and ultrastructure of Mycobacterium avium complex organisms isolated from AIDS patients. AB - The multiple-drug-resistance property of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is mainly attributed to a cell envelope permeability barrier. MAC treated with subinhibitory levels of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (disodium salt) (EDTA) did not have altered minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels or show ultrastructural changes; the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was variable. With SDS, the visualization of the nucleoid and ribosomes decreased, and amorphous electron-dense material accumulated near the structurally altered cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall. Use of 0.005% Tween-80 resulted in a 2-4-fold reduction in MIC in the case of rifampicin, ansamycin (LM 427), cephapirin, and ciprofloxacin. Tween-80 treated cells were swollen, and deposits of low electron-density accumulated in the cytoplasm; distortions in the outer-cell integuments were observed. These findings are consistent with the idea that Tween-80 increases cell-envelope permeability, thereby enhancing drug penetrability and reducing MIC levels. Because of the action of Tween-80, its use in drug-susceptibility media or diluent fluids should be avoided. PMID- 3146458 TI - Comparison of the bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin alone and in combination with selected antipseudomonal beta-lactam agents against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin against 60 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated by exposing replicating microorganisms to concentrations ranging from 0.12 to 2 micrograms/ml for 48 hr. In addition, ciprofloxacin was combined with selected antipseudomonal beta-lactams using subinhibitory concentrations (1/4 x MIC, 1/2 x MIC) of each. We found that a concentration of 2 micrograms/ml of ciprofloxacin resulted in bactericidal activity (greater than or equal to 99.9% killing of the final inoculum) at 8 and 12 hr for the highest percentage of isolates (95 and 96.7%, respectively). At the breakpoint concentration (1 micrograms/ml), there was bactericidal activity against 81.7% of these isolates at 8 hr and 78.7% at 12 hr. By 24 and 48 hr, regrowth was frequently seen for concentrations of 1 and 2 micrograms/m (76.7 and 41.7%, respectively). This regrowth represented limited progression of resistance (4- to 16-fold increase in MICs) to ciprofloxacin without cross-resistance to other classes of antibiotics. The combinations containing ciprofloxacin and beta lactam agent were synergistic for isolates that were susceptible to both agents. Moreover, the combinations prevented the emergence of resistance to either drug. PMID- 3146459 TI - Costs of incontinence. PMID- 3146460 TI - Communicable Disease Report January to March 1988. From the PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre. PMID- 3146461 TI - Interaction of nucleophilic compounds with complement component C4. AB - Drugs which induce systemic lupus erythematosus as a toxic side effect have been shown to inhibit the covalent binding of C4, which is an important event in immune complex clearance in normal individuals. Human C4 is encoded at two polymorphic loci, C4A and C4B within the Major Histocompatibility Complex and patients with idiopathic SLE are more likely to have a non-functional (null) C4A gene. The C4A and C4B gene products differ in reactivity with C4A being more reactive with nitrogen nucleophiles, including hydralazine and isoniazid (drugs which induce SLE), than with oxygen nucleophiles. We have established an assay system which allows the effect of nucleophiles on C4 in animal sera to be investigated. It has been found that in comparing reactivity of guinea-pig C4 with human C4A and human C4B that guinea-pig C4 is like human C4A and shows greater reactivity towards nitrogen nucleophiles than towards oxygen nucleophiles. This suggests that the guinea-pig should be a good animal model for drug-induced SLE. PMID- 3146462 TI - Contact dermatitis from sodium cromoglycate eyedrops. PMID- 3146463 TI - A two-year study of acceptability, side effects, and effectiveness of Norplant and Norplant-2 implants in the People's Republic of China. AB - A large scale, phased investigation of NORPLANT contraceptive systems was conducted in the People's Republic of China. The first phase comprehended 1,200 women in four cities. Expanded trials included 11,918 women at 12 major centers and at sub-centers by 31 May 1987. At that date 4,676 NORPLANT capsule subjects and 1,089 rod subjects had completed one year of use, 1,381 capsule acceptors had completed two years as had 197 rod users. Gross pregnancy rates were less than 0.1 per 100 for each implant type both at one and at two years. Continuation rates were 94 per 100 for each implant type at one year, and were 82.0 and 83.6 per 100 among users of NORPLANT capsule and rod implants, respectively, at two years. Disruption of menstrual function was the dominant reason for termination, but mean hemoglobin levels increased in each of the nine centers reporting values at admission and at one year. First year gross cumulative termination rates for medical reasons were 1.2 to 1.3 per 100, reaching 3.8 and 5.6 per 100 for capsule and rod implants, respectively, at two years. Microdose contraception with these levonorgestrel-releasing implants appears to be a highly acceptable and effective modality suitable for Chinese women. NORPLANT implants are now approved by the national drug regulatory agency for general use in China. PMID- 3146464 TI - Phase III-clinical trial with Norplant-2 (covered rods). Report of a 24-month study. National Programme of Research in Human Reproduction. Division of Human Resource Development Research Indian Council of Medical Research Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India. AB - In a phase III multicentre clinical trial, the subdermal implant NorplantR-2 was studied for its clinical use effectiveness, safety and bleeding pattern. A total of 1466 healthy volunteers, with no contraindication to steroid use, were observed for 29,669 woman-months of use. One method failure was reported at 18 months of NorplantR-2 use. The method was associated with altered menstrual pattern with a trend towards reduced blood loss. The continuation rates were 88.1 and 73.5 per 100 users at 12 and 24 months of use, respectively. Menstrual disturbance, mainly prolonged bleeding, accounted for the majority of the discontinuations. Removal of NorplantR-2 due to local infection was rare (0.4 per 100 users at 24 months). In similar clinical trial conditions, the continuation rate with NorplantR-2 is significantly higher than those observed with LNG IUD and injectable contraceptives, norethisterone oenanthate 200 mg given every 60 +/ 5 days, and is comparable to that of CuT 200 IUD. PMID- 3146465 TI - A comparison of sodium fusidate ointment and mupirocin ointment in superficial skin sepsis. AB - Sodium fusidate ointment and mupirocin ointment were compared in 354 patients with superficial skin sepsis. The ointments were applied 3-times daily, or once daily when covered by a dressing, and the response assessed after 6 to 8 days. Both preparations proved effective clinically with 86% of patients responding. There was no difference between the two preparations in cases of primary infection (85% to both ointments), including a sub-group with impetigo (sodium fusidate 88% and mupirocin 84%), or secondary infection (sodium fusidate 81% and mupirocin 89%). Sodium fusidate ointment (98%) was significantly better (p less than 0.05) than mupirocin (82%) in patients with other superficial infections. Both ointments were equally effective in cases where Gram-positive, Gram-negative or mixed Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacteria were isolated. Adverse effects were reported in 1.0% of patients using sodium fusidate ointment and in 7.4% of patients using mupirocin ointment. The majority of complaints concerned the greasiness of mupirocin ointment. PMID- 3146467 TI - Computerized tomography in tuberculosis meningitis. PMID- 3146466 TI - Diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis of lysosomal storage diseases. PMID- 3146468 TI - Air contrast CT for evaluating gastric carcinoma. PMID- 3146469 TI - A model assessment of gastric precancerous lesions by morphometric analysis. PMID- 3146470 TI - Hepatic encephalopathy. A clinical analysis of 107 cases. PMID- 3146471 TI - Effect of high altitude on prevalence of congenital heart disease. PMID- 3146472 TI - Correlation between type A behavior and coronary angiographic findings in 100 cases of coronary heart disease. PMID- 3146473 TI - Omental lengthening. Report of 70 patients. PMID- 3146474 TI - Clinical trial and experimental study on treating psoriasis with camptothecine. PMID- 3146475 TI - Limited immobilization in treatment of congenital hip dislocation. PMID- 3146476 TI - Serum HDL cholesterol during acute myocardial infarction and its clinical significance. PMID- 3146477 TI - Purification of blood ultrafiltrate on uncoated charcoal. PMID- 3146478 TI - Young children's acute diarrhea treated with baobaosan. PMID- 3146479 TI - Hypercoagulable state and hemorrhage in acute leukemias. PMID- 3146480 TI - Retrosigmoidal approach in otoneurological surgery. PMID- 3146481 TI - Correlation between morphological classification and prognosis of 100 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3146484 TI - [Preliminary study on the determination of urinary gonadotrophin in the aged]. PMID- 3146482 TI - Intercalary heterochromatin in Drosophila. III. Homology between DNA sequences from the Y chromosome, bases of polytene chromosome limbs, and chromosome 4 of D. melanogaster. AB - Molecular and cytogenetic characteristics are given of a 2846 bp DNA sequence from the YDm12 clone, previously derived from the long arm of the Drosophila melanogaster Y chromosome. Sequence analysis revealed within it a 1176 bp fragment with 37 bp terminal inverted repeats, flanked by 6 bp direct repeats. This fragment (called "element 1360") appeared to be A-T rich, and was saturated with short direct and inverted repeats of different degrees of homology and consensus sequences for transcription, potential Z-DNA transition and autonomous replication. After in situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes, the element 1360 exhibited variable, strain-specifics location in the euchromatic parts of the chromosome arms, but constant heavy labelling of the X chromosome region 12E1 2, autosomal regions 42B1-3, 52A1-2, 62A1-2, 75B, 82C1-3, chromosome bases, the chromocentre and numerous sites of chromosome 4. The possible role of element 1360 in heterochromatin organization is discussed. PMID- 3146483 TI - [Hepatic artery chemoembolization in the treatment of primary liver cancer]. PMID- 3146485 TI - [Effect of dibromomannitol in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia: report of 22 cases]. PMID- 3146486 TI - [Differential diagnosis of schistosomial and non-schistosomial cirrhosis]. PMID- 3146487 TI - [Current status in research on the immunodiagnosis of parasitic diseases]. PMID- 3146488 TI - [Studies on serum meningococcal antibodies in patients with meningococcal meningitis and a healthy population]. PMID- 3146489 TI - Endoscopic sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices. AB - The authors present their experience with the outcome of gastrofibroscopic sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices, performed in a total of 70 patients with portal hypertension. All patients were classified in classes B and C according to Child's criteria, and 68 of them had variceal bleeding before receiving sclerotherapy. Acute bleeding was successfully arrested in seven cases, and elective sclerotherapy in between bleeding episodes was carried out in 60 cases. To date, complete obliteration has been noted in 34 patients. An effect of previous sclerotherapy was observed during the next therapeutic session in 18, and eight patients died from progressive hepatic insufficiency. In the discussion section, the authors analyse current concepts on the technique of sclerotherapy related to complications, on instrumentarium and sclerosing solutions, and on the significance of prophylactic, acute and elective sclerotherapy, with the importance of endoscopic sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices perceived mainly in comparison with the results of surgery from the point of view of long-term patient survival. PMID- 3146490 TI - Early complications in patients with multiple injuries and polytraumatism with special regard to traumatic fat embolism. AB - In the introductory part contemporary data concerning fat embolism occurrence and mortality, as taken from the world literature, are evaluated. Thus, the author opens the whole complicated problem of post-mortem examination findings with a different extent of fat embolization (most often in the lungs, rarely in organs belonging to the area supplied by the systemic blood circulation) on the one hand and the fat embolism clinical syndrome on the other hand. The clinical syndrome is a rare phenomenon in comparison with the relatively frequent morphological abduction findings of a more serious character (of the 2nd and higher degree). The evaluation of fat embolism as the main cause of death cannot be based only on the morphological findings, ascertained at the post-mortem examination in the organs of patients who died of injury consequences. At the same time, however, the question is open of evaluating the fat embolism syndrome as the contrary of the fulminant form of fat embolism to the classical fat embolism syndrome as it manifests itself in practice after the free interval. The author sees the mentioned contrary in the fact that the diagnosis of the fulminant fat embolism syndrome resulting in death within a few hours is mainly based on the microscopical findings of fat embolism in the capillaries of the organs whereas that of the classical fat embolism syndrome is possible not only clinically but can be confirmed also macroscopically and microscopically, morphologically and histologically in the cases of death of such injured patients. The morphological confirmation of the classical fat embolism syndrome after an accidental death within some weeks after the injury and after the clinical course of the classical syndrome has, however, time limits as far as the macroscopical findings but especially the microscopical evidence of fat embolism are concerned. In this part of the study many statements of the author are based on the occurrence of 208 patients with fat embolism in the continuously observed clinical material of all the hospitalized injured persons (16,706) at the Research Institute of Traumatology between 1963-1983. In consideration of the accumulated admission of severely injured patients from traffic accidents especially, the total mortality is 6.55% (6.25% of men; 7.18% of women). Fat embolism as the main cause of death makes up 10.15% (8.25% of men; 13.61% of women) of total mortality. The occurrence of the fat embolism syndrome is, however, much lower: 1.25% (1.16% of men; 1.43% of women). The fat embolism syndrome mortality is high: 53.73% (44.70% of men; 68.42% of women). PMID- 3146491 TI - Pancreatic transplantation as treatment for IDDM. Proposed candidate criteria before end-stage diabetic nephropathy. The University of Michigan Pancreas Transplant Evaluation Committee. AB - Most candidates for pancreatic transplantation have end-stage diabetic nephropathy (ESDN) and receive a pancreas transplant either sequential to or simultaneous with a renal transplant. Because ESDN is often associated with severe irreversible neurovascular complications, the selection of these candidates may defeat the intent of pancreatic transplantation, i.e., the reversal, stabilization, or retardation of neurovascular complications. Also, advanced neurovascular complications in these candidates may result in serious morbidity and mortality after pancreatic transplantation. Our multidisciplinary Pancreas Transplant Evaluation Committee has developed tentative candidate criteria for insulin-dependent diabetic patients before ESDN. With the proposed criteria, candidates are selected who have predictors of future morbidity and mortality but who do not yet demonstrate irreversible neurovascular complications and an inexorable general course of deterioration. As pancreatic transplantation becomes more successful, candidate criteria must be continually reassessed to better identify those who may obtain maximal benefit. PMID- 3146492 TI - Who should get a pancreas transplant? PMID- 3146493 TI - [Peripheral nerve tumor with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation (malignant "triton" tumor)--report of 3 cases]. AB - In this paper, 3 cases of malignant "triton" tumor are reported. By special stain, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, coexistence of rhabdomyoblasts and Schwann's cell elements was demonstrated. Case 1 was associated with von Recklinghausen disease; in case 3, the tumor developed within a nerve; both had background of malignant schwannoma. Case 2 was a girl with congenital giant pigmented nevus. Her tumor was composed predominantly of rhabdomyoblasts element but by immunohistochemistry, it was confirmed that her tumor also occurred within a nerve. The criteria of diagnosis, differential diagnosis and histogenesis are discussed. PMID- 3146494 TI - Adrenergic control of the glucagon response to ammonia in the perfused rat pancreas. AB - The isolated perfused rat pancreas was used to investigate how adrenergic influences within the pancreas might mediate ammonia-induced glucagon secretion. The addition of 2 mM ammonia to the perfusate increased norepinephrine release and glucagon secretion in the effluent. Upon cessation of ammonia addition, a pronounced burst of glucagon release was observed. Alpha-adrenergic blockade with phentolamine (10 microM) blocked the glucagon response to ammonia. Beta adrenergic blockade with propranolol (10 microM) had no significant effect on the amount of glucagon release induced by ammonia. Depletion of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve terminals by pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine lowered the pancreatic norepinephrine content to less than 16% of the control value and diminished the glucagon and norepinephrine response to ammonia almost completely. The burst of glucagon release after the removal of ammonia was inhibited to 2% of the control value by phentolamine and to 57% by propranolol. Pretreatment with 6 hydroxydopamine reduced the burst of glucagon secretion to 28% of the control value. Neither phentolamine nor propranolol reduced the magnitude of the ammonia induced suppression of insulin secretion. We conclude that the effect of ammonia on glucagon release from the isolated rat pancreas is mediated by intrapancreatic adrenergic control. PMID- 3146495 TI - Rapid changes in urinary serine and branched-chain amino acid excretion among diabetic patients during insulin treatment. AB - In a preliminary experiment, we found a good correlation between 24-h urinary amino acid excretion and the 24-h average plasma levels of the same amino acids. Examining diabetics who were just beginning insulin therapy, we found that insulin normalized the abnormally high levels of excretion of branched-chain amino acids and serine. Interestingly, when expressed in terms of mol/g of creatinine, the normalization of serine excretion brought about by insulin was roughly equal to the normalization of glycine excretion brought about by insulin (-0.39 mM/g of creatinine vs. + 0.33 mM/g of creatinine over 24 h). Since plasma serine is primarily produced in the kidneys from glycine, this suggests that insulin affects the regulation of the serine-glycine metabolic pathway. In turn, measurement of urinary serine and glycine may provide a useful gauge of insulin activity in the tissues, including the kidneys. PMID- 3146496 TI - [Foxes as bioindicators of the occurrence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in the environment--studies of section material from the years 1983 and 1987]. PMID- 3146498 TI - Analysis of paediatric medical cases admitted to the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) Nigeria. PMID- 3146497 TI - An open evaluation study of sulbactam/ampicillin with or without probenecid in the treatment of gonococcal infections in Lagos. PMID- 3146499 TI - The prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni in migrants from endemic areas living in the Entebbe Peninsula, Uganda. PMID- 3146500 TI - Synthetic eel calcitonin stimulates thyrotropin releasing hormone release from rat stomach in vitro. AB - The effect of synthetic eel calcitonin on the release of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) from the rat stomach in vitro was studied. The rat stomach was incubated in medium 199 with 1.0 mg/ml of bacitracin (pH 7.4) for 20 min. The amount of TRH released into the medium was measured by radioimmunoassay. After the addition of synthetic eel calcitonin the release of immunoreactive TRH from the rat stomach in vitro was enhanced significantly in a dose-related manner. Elution profile of acid-methanol-extracted rat stomach on Sephadex G-10 was identical to that of synthetic TRH. The findings suggest that synthetic eel calcitonin stimulated TRH release from the rat stomach in vitro. PMID- 3146501 TI - Factors attenuating growth promoting effect of growth hormone therapy for Turner's syndrome. AB - Nine patients with Turner's syndrome aged 7 to 13 years were treated with recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) at a dose of 0.5 or 1.0 U/kg/w for 1 year. In five of them the growth rate was accelerated from 3.3 +/- 0.6 (SD) to 6.5 +/- 0.5 cm/y (group A), whereas 4 had a reduced rate of growth promotion (3.4 +/- 0.3 to 4.6 +/- 0.4 cm/y) (group B). Analysis of factors affecting growth response to hGH revealed 3 major parameters: (1) age of initiating hGH therapy (A, 9.5 +/- 2.1 vs B, 13.3 +/- 0.4 yrs, P less than 0.01), (2) basal LH (A, 3.2 +/- 2.4 vs, B, 44.9 +/- 17.8 mIU/ml, P less than 0.001) and FSH levels (A, 14.7 +/- 15.4 vs B, 131 +/- 49 mIU/ml; P less than 0.01) and (3) somatomedin-C (SM-C) producing capacity: coefficient of correlation to growth rate, r = 0.80, P less than 0.01). No remarkable changes were observed in the results of glucose tolerance, thyroid state, calcium metabolism and liver function tests. These results indicate that patient's age is the most crucial factor in effective treatment with hGH, and in adolescent girls, gonadal failure with a limited increase in SM-C production attenuates the growth promoting potency of hGH. PMID- 3146502 TI - Human growth hormone-releasing hormone (hGH-RH; hGRF) treatment of four patients with GH deficiency. AB - Four patients with GH deficiency aged 6-14 years old were treated with hGRF for 6 months. Before the treatment maximal plasma GH responses to 50 micrograms iv hGRF administration were 48.6, 12.1, 24.3 and 13.0 ng/ml, respectively. Human GRF was administered at a dosage of 50-100 micrograms twice a day subcutaneously. In two patients, the growth rate was increased from 2.4 and 2.0 cm/year to 8.2 and 9.8 cm/year, respectively. In the other two patients, the growth rate did not change with hGRF treatment. Plasma somatomedin C levels increased in one patient but did not change in the other three. Antibody to hGRF was observed in two patients during the treatment, but the presence of antibody did not affect the growth rate. PMID- 3146503 TI - Cardiac dysrhythmias, carbon dioxide tensions and blood halothane concentrations during dental anaesthesia. AB - Ninety-eight in-patients received halothane anaesthesia for dental surgery following intramuscular premedication with papavaretum and hyoscine. All anaesthetics involved tracheal intubation. Fifty patients breathed spontaneously and 48 were artifically ventilated. The incidence of ectopic dysrhythmias during surgery, both ventricular and supraventricular, was significantly higher in the spontaneously breathing group (34.0%) than in the artificially ventilated group (2.1%). Blood halothane concentrations and end-expiratory carbon dioxide tensions during surgery were both significantly higher in the spontaneously breathing group. However, regression analysis of the data failed to identify either factor as solely responsible for the different incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias. It is likely that at least one further factor is involved. PMID- 3146504 TI - Reaction times to painless and painful CO2 and argon laser stimulation. AB - The introduction of lasers in pain research has made it possible to activate the nociceptive system without activating mechanosensitive afferents. In the present study the reaction times to painless and painful laser stimuli were studied to investigate if the reaction time to experimental pain is reproduceable. CO2 and argon lasers were used for stimulation, and the influence of stimulus (intensity and duration) and skin parameters (temperature, thickness, and reflectance) on reaction time were investigated. When these parameters were controlled the reaction times to painful CO2 and argon laser stimulation were within the same range (350-450 ms), and the intra-individual variability minimal (6.9%). The reaction time was used to estimate peripheral conduction velocity (10 m.s-1) for the activated fibre population when distinct pain was perceived. Determination of reaction times to non-painful and painful stimuli may be suitable ways to assess the functioning of thermal and nociceptive pathways. PMID- 3146506 TI - The absolute systemic availability of a new oral formulation of co-dergocrine in healthy subjects. AB - We have studied the absolute systemic availability (f) of an oral formulation (Hydergin spezial = Hydergine FASR 4 mg per tablet) of co-dergocrine by three different methods. Twelve healthy volunteers received single doses of 0.9 mg co dergocrine intravenously and 8.0 mg orally in a randomized crossover design. The pharmacological effect of co-dergocrine was monitored as a reduction in plasma prolactin. Maximal plasma concentrations of co-dergocrine after oral dosing ranged between 0.181 and 1.307 ng.ml-1. Maximal urinary excretion ranged between 4.7 and 9.9 micrograms.h-1 and between 0.3 and 2.3 micrograms.h-1 after intravenous and oral doses respectively. Clearance was measured as 90 +/- 22 l.h 1 and the absolute systemic availability (f) as 2.25 +/- 0.65% by using the areas under the plasma concentration-time curves extrapolated to infinity. Calculation of f by comparing areas up to 32 h or the fractions of the dose excreted in urine led to identical results. The intravenous and oral doses produced similar pharmacological effects (reduction of plasma prolactin concentrations) despite the small value of f. PMID- 3146505 TI - The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on plasma protein binding of alfentanil. AB - The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on plasma concentration and protein binding of alfentanil was studied during continuous infusions in five cardiac surgical patients. Patients were given a loading infusion of 10 micrograms.min 1.kg-1 lean body mass (LBM) over 30 s followed by a fixed rate maintenance infusion of 1 microgram.min-1.kg-1 LBM for the duration of surgery. Prior to the commencement of CPB the total plasma alfentanil concentration was 177 micrograms.l-1. This fell to 92 micrograms.l-1 2 min after commencement of CPB and rose to 155 micrograms.l-1 at the end of CPB 2.01 h later. During the same period the unbound fraction of alfentanil rose from 0.16 to 0.35 two min after the start of CPB and fell gradually to 0.22 at the end of CPB. The unbound concentration prior to CPB was 29 micrograms.l-1 and was essentially unchanged by the onset of CPB, being 35 micrograms.l-1 at two min and then 31 micrograms.l-1 at the end of CPB. There was a good correlation between alfentanil bound/unbound concentration ratio and plasma albumin concentration (r = 0.57) and plasma alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentration (r = 0.80), indicating that the decrease in binding during CPB was due primarily to haemodilution. In assessing the effects of CPB on plasma drug concentrations, it is therefore necessary to monitor unbound as well as total concentrations because the effects on these differ greatly. PMID- 3146507 TI - Rectal absorption of flecainide acetate. AB - The rectal absorption of flecainide from an aqueous solution, a fatty suppository and a polyethyleneglycol suppository was studied in one patient with supraventricular tachycardia (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) refractory for oral anti-arrhythmic treatment. Rectal absorption was found to be fast (t1/2abs = 1 h) and complete when flecainide was administered as a solution (relative bioavailability 100%). Flecainide was poorly absorbed from a fatty suppository. The polyethyleneglycol suppository gave absorption with a relative bioavailability of 80% and t1/2 abs = 1.2 h. PMID- 3146509 TI - Identification of anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-idiotype antibodies in human and experimental Chagas' disease: pathological implications. AB - This report presents evidence that human acetylcholinesterase (AChE; acetylcholine hydrolase, EC3.1.1.7) exhibits immunological cross-reactivity with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The immunological probes used indicate that the cross-reactive determinant is an oligosaccharidic epitope. Antibodies to AChE were detected in a high proportion of T. cruzi-infected patients sera and during the experimental infection of BALB/c mice. Moreover, anti-idiotypic antibodies against an anti-AChE rabbit antibody or a monoclonal antibody to a parasite surface antigen of 80-85 kDa were detected in sera of patients presenting the chronic cardiac form of the disease. The antibodies were less frequently found in sera from individuals with asymptomatic chronic infection. Our data may provide a biochemical basis for denervation hypersensitivity in Chagas' disease. In addition, it may support the notion of an idiotype-anti idiotype regulation of conducting tissue damage during the course of T. cruzi infection. PMID- 3146508 TI - Specificity of proliferative response of human CD8 clones to mycobacterial antigens. AB - Human CD8 T lymphocyte clones (TLC) were generated from the pleural effusion of patients with tuberculosis using a protocol that required, in addition to antigen, coculture of purified CD8+ T cells, accessory cells, interleukin 2 (IL2) and anti-CD3-Sepharose. The TLC obtained were stimulated by mycobacterial soluble extracts in an IL2-dependent and MHC class I-restricted manner. When antigen responsive TLC were screened with extracts from the recombinant mycobacterial library they were found to respond to either the Y3125 (100-kDa) or the Y3111 (71 kDa) lambda gt11 clones. Polyacrylamide gel immunoblot analysis demonstrated that the CD8 TLC responded to fractions with the molecular mass range 27-45 kDa in the Y3125 lysogen and 60-90 kDa in the mycobacterial soluble extract. The specificity of TLC reactive with the Y3111 clone was confirmed using the 71-kDa antigen purified from the same lysogen. These TLC recognized sequences common to the 71 kDa protein derived from mycobacteria, E. coli or a human cell line. Studies of three TLC using antigen-presenting cells of known genetic haplotype indicated that stimulation with both the Y3125 and the 71-kDa antigens were restricted by determinants encoded by HLA-B8. PMID- 3146510 TI - Comparative study of VH gene family usage by newborn xid and non-xid mice, newborn NZB and adult NZB mice, and by splenic and peritoneal cavity B cell compartments. AB - RNA from 170 different Ig-secreting hybridomas was hybridized with VH gene probes 7183, QUPC52, S107, J558, J606, 36-60, V31, X-24 and V-GAM 3.8, with the aim of comparing xid to non-xid mice, neonatal NZB to adult NZB, and the peritoneal cavity with the splenic compartments for VH gene family expression. Our results indicate that (a) defective F1 male xid mice express with high frequency 36-60 and J606 5' proximal VH families, when compared to non-xid F1 females of the same matings. (b) Neonatal NZB mice express 3' proximal 7183 and QUPC52 families with high frequency, when compared to adult mice and to the expected values derived from VH complexity. (c) Natural antibodies against cytoskeleton proteins, DNA, rabbit IgG and 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl did not appear to prefer a particular VH family. The only difference found is related to age; neonatal clones preferentially employ 7183 and QUPC52 while J558 predominates among adult clones. (d) All the 15 antibodies directed against bromelin-treated mouse red blood cells failed to hybridize with any of the nine VH probes employed. These results confirm previous findings indicating the highly homogeneous pattern of these latter antibodies, and suggest that they are encoded by a new VH family (VH11). PMID- 3146511 TI - Concomitant production of different lymphokines in activated T cells. AB - The intracellular accumulation of five different lymphokines in individual cells could be identified by lymphokine-specific antibodies and an indirect immunofluorescence technique with UV microscopy. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells from one healthy donor were activated in vitro by the T cell mitogen anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, the maximal number of cells producing interleukin (IL)2, IL 6 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha occurred 6 h after initiation of the cultures, while peak numbers of interferon-gamma, TNF-beta and a second wave of TNF-alpha-synthesizing cells were noted approximately 20 h later. By performing two-color immunofluorescence studies we observed a variegated production pattern with cells making no, one or several lymphokines simultaneously. All five cytokines accumulated in the Golgi organelle resulting in a very characteristic morphology of the staining with or without additional cytoplasmic immunofluorescence. PMID- 3146512 TI - Dopamine (DA) autoreceptor efficacy of 3-PPP enantiomers after short-term synaptic DA deprivation. AB - We have compared the central dopamine (DA) autoreceptor-stimulatory properties of the 'atypical' DA agonist, (-)-3-PPP, its (+)-antipode and the reference DA agonist, apomorphine, following a 5 or an 18 h interruption of synaptic dopaminergic transmission by means of reserpine. The results are consistent with the notion that even a relatively short period (18 h) of synaptic DA deprivation results in a functional 'supersensitivity' of central DA synthesis-modulating autoreceptors. Interestingly, the data demonstrate a clearcut and significant enhancement of the intrinsic agonist efficacy of (-)-3-PPP in limbic and striatal parts after an 18 h as compared to a 5 h reserpine-induced impairment of synaptic DA transmission. In addition, there was a tendency towards a reduction in the doses of apomorphine and the 3-PPP enantiomers needed to inhibit DA synthesis in 18 vs. 5 h reserpinized rats in both brain regions. The findings indicate that the adaptive state of the DA autoreceptors had been altered, tentatively as a result of the reduced (endogenous) agonist occupancy. This is consistent with the suggestion that DA autoreceptors are influenced by a certain, albeit presumably low, endogenous dopaminergic tone under in vivo physiological conditions. The data obtained provide further support for the contention that receptor responsiveness is a critical determinant of the intrinsic efficacy displayed by DA receptor agonists such as (-)-3-PPP. PMID- 3146513 TI - [Effect of shakuyaku-kanzo-to, shakuyaku, kanzo, paeoniflorin, glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizin on ovarian function in rats]. AB - It is known that amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, irregular menstrual cycles, luteal insufficiency and infertility are frequently associated with hyperandrogenism. It has been reported in previous studies that the traditional herbal medicine, Shakuyaku-Kanzo-To(SKT) can lower high serum testosterone levels in oligomenorrheic or amenorrheic women, and that some of these sterile women conceive. SKT contains Shakuyaku (S) and Kanzo (K) in equal amounts. The main component of S and K is paeoniflorin and glycyrrhizin, respectively. This study was designed to investigate the mechanism in lowering serum testosterone (T) levels by SKT. Experiment I: Female Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with 500 micrograms of testosterone propionate at the age of 2 days, becoming androgen sterilized rats (ASR). Fifty-six-day-old ASR were given orally SKT (22.5, 45, 90 and 180 mg/kg body weight), S or K (11.25, 22.5, 45 and 90 mg/kg b.w.) in water through a tube every day for 2 weeks. Control ASR were given only water. Each group consisted of 10 rats. Serum total and free T levels in SKT and S groups were significantly lower than those in the controls, and these decreases were dose-dependent. Experiment II: Female Wistar rats were oophorectomized at the age of 60 days. From one week later they were given orally SKT (90 and 180 mg/kg b.w.), S or K (45 and 90 mg/kg b.w.) every day for 2 weeks. Control rats were given only water. Each group consisted of 11 rats. There was no change in serum T, LH and FSH levels in either groups. The results from experiment I and II suggest that SKT influences the T production by ovaries but not by adrenal glands. Experiment III: The minced tissues of one ovary obtained from proestrous Wistar rats were incubated with media containing Paeoniflorin(P), Glycyrrhetinic acid(GA) or Glycyrrhizin(GL) (GL) (1, 50 and 100 micrograms/ml, respectively, n = 5 in each group) for 270 minutes at 37 degrees C under an atmosphere of 95%O2 and 5%CO2. The T production by ovaries was significantly decreased in each treated group in comparison with the control, and this decrease was dose-dependent. However, the delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4-A) production by ovaries was increased in each treated group. The ratio of T to delta 4-A was significantly lower in each treated group than in the control. The estradiol(E2) production by ovaries in each treated group was not changed in comparison with the control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3146514 TI - [Studies on the regulation mechanism for sympathetic nervous system activity- using hypothalamic obese mice]. AB - This study was designed to clarify the role of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) in the regulation mechanism of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. In obese mice with chemically destroyed VMH, norepinephrine (NE) turnover, which is a reliable indicator of SNS activity, was measured in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) and heart using inhibition of NE biosynthesis with alpha methyl-p-tyrosine; the core temperature was also measured. Two types of hypothalamic obese mice (monosodium glutamate (MSG)-treated mice and gold thioglucose (GTG)-treated mice) were used under two diverse conditions: overfeeding and acute cold exposure. The former was performed via sucrose addition, and the latter was carried out at 6 degrees C in two groups of obese mice and their controls. A comparison between the overfed mice and those fasted for 48 hours revealed that the fasted normal controls showed significantly lower core temperatures and significantly decreased NE turnover in the IBAT and heart as compared with the overfed normal controls, while no significant differences were observed between overfed and fasting obese mice in core temperature or NE turnover. Another comparison disclosed that the core temperatures were significantly lowered and NE turnover in both organs increased significantly after cold exposure in two obese groups and their normal controls, though there were no noticeable differences between the MSG- or GTG-treated mice and their controls. These results indicate that the VMH is a center of SNS for response to feeding but not for response to cold. PMID- 3146515 TI - [Salt sensitivity and central dopaminergic activity in patients with essential hypertension]. AB - The pathophysiological role of the central dopaminergic mechanism in human essential hypertension (EH) is still unknown. We studied on the relationship between the dopaminergic activity and the salt-sensitivity. Twenty three hospitalized patients with EH were divided into the salt-sensitive group (SS, n = 12) or non salt-sensitive group (NSS, n = 11) by their responses whether they caused more than 8% increase in mean blood pressure (MBP) when the dietary salt was increased from 2g/day to 20g/day for 7 days of each. The change of central dopaminergic activity by the salt load was evaluated by the decrement of plasma prolactin (PRL) response to small dosage (25 micrograms) of thyrotropin releasing hormone. The mean percent change of PRL response by the salt load in the SS group was -6.5 +/- 8.3% (mean +/- SEM), which was significantly lower than 26.8 +/- 5.5% in the NSS group (p less than 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between the percent changes of PRL response and the percent changes of MBP by the salt load (r = -0.448, p less than 0.05). These results suggested that the rise in blood pressure by salt load in SS patients with EH might be due to a reduced activity of the central dopaminergic mechanism. PMID- 3146516 TI - Hepatitis A virus and non-A, non-B virus superinfections in HBsAg chronic carriers. AB - Clinical course, morphologic changes, immunohistochemical localization of HBV associated markers (HBsAg, HBcAg), and serum HBV-DNA production are described in 2 chronic HBsAg carriers superinfected with HAV and hepatitis non-A, non-B virus. Our data suggest that the superinfections do not cause more severe disease and do not influence the clinical course of the HBsAg chronic carriers. Our observations indicate that a careful diagnosis of hepatocytolysis is necessary in HBV chronic infection, in order to discriminate causes that are able to induce severe damage in underlying disease. PMID- 3146517 TI - Reversing the image of long-term care. PMID- 3146518 TI - Comparison of chlordimeform and carbaryl using a functional observational battery. AB - The effects of the formamidine pesticide chlordimeform (CDM), and the carbamate carbaryl (CAR) were compared using a functional observational battery (FOB). The FOB, a series of observations and measurements that can be rapidly administered to toxicant-treated rats, includes home-cage and open-field observations, neuromuscular and sensorimotor tests, and physiological measures. Evaluations were made according to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency testing guidelines so as to determine dose-, time-, and sex-related toxicant effects. Long-Evans hooded rats of both sexes were tested initially and then dosed ip with either vehicle, CDM (1, 25, 56 mg/kg) or CAR (3, 10, 30 mg/kg), and tested at various times after dosing (for CDM 1, 5, 24 hr; for CAR 0.5, 3, 24, 48 hr). Both compounds affected general activity (home-cage and open-field), equilibrium, CNS excitability, and sensory responsiveness. Whereas similar decreases were obtained on rearing, gait, and arousal, there were important qualitative differences in the effects of CAR and CDM on reactions to handling and the reflex tests in that CDM increased excitability and enhanced responses to several stimuli but CAR either had no effect or decreased these measures. Only CDM produced an increase in muscle tone as measured by grip strength, and only CAR produced cholinergic autonomic signs of intoxication. Body weight and temperature were decreased by both compounds. Thus, the profiles of effect produced by these two pesticides could be clearly differentiated using the FOB. PMID- 3146519 TI - Arterial blood gas measurements in guinea pigs and inspired CO2 concentrations for ventilatory performance challenges. AB - Guinea pigs were fitted with a carotid cannula under anesthesia and used 2 days later for exposure to increasing CO2 concentrations to evaluate their ventilatory response (tidal volume and respiratory frequency) while blood samples were taken for measurement of O2, CO2, and pH. The same measurements were made on another group of animals while changing O2 concentrations. The ventilatory response increased with increasing CO2 concentrations up to 10% while there was little change induced by low oxygen. Decreasing O2 during challenge of animals with 10% CO2 had no effect on the ventilatory response induced by 10% CO2 alone. The ventilatory response of guinea pigs is greater than for other small laboratory animals tested under similar conditions but is not as pronounced as in humans. Challenging guinea pigs with 10% CO2 has revealed that their ventilatory response can be abnormal following pneumotoxicity induced by a variety of agents and blood gas measurements as described here may add to our understanding of such abnormal responses. PMID- 3146520 TI - Effects of maternal exposure to polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) on F1 generation behavior in the rat. AB - The effect of Fenclor 42 (PCB) exposure of female rats (Fischer 344 strain) was studied through assessment of the behavioral development of their F1 progeny. Female rats were exposed to PCB according to the following treatment schedule: (A) (5 days) 2 weeks prior to mating, (B) during gestation (Days 6-15 of pregnancy), (C) during lactation (Days 1-21 after delivery). Behavioral endpoints of motor reflexes, motor coordination, activity (preweaning behaviors), and learning (postweaning behavior) were evaluated for PCB ip dosages of 5-10 mg/kg/day for 5 days (preconception exposure), and PCB oral dosages of 2-4 mg/kg/day for 10 days (in utero exposure) and of 1-2 mg/kg/day for 20 days (during lactation exposure). Dosage-dependent differences in the evaluated behaviors were found in the offspring of the PCB-exposed females when compared to the offspring of corn-oil (vehicle)-exposed females. Significant differences in the development of cliff avoidance reflexive behavior, swimming ability, and open field activity were particularly evident. Furthermore the PCB exposure of female rats during gestation and lactation resulted in impaired acquisition of the active avoidance behavior while preconceptional PCB exposure significantly affected active avoidance performance as reflected in increased number of avoidance responses to reach criterion for extinction. These results show that Fenclor 42 does possess a significant risk to the offspring of exposed females, and further illustrate the sensitivity of progeny behavioral assessment in detecting suspected functional teratogenesis. PMID- 3146521 TI - Evaluation of valproic acid (VPA) developmental toxicity and pharmacokinetics in Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - This study was undertaken to assess the pharmacokinetics and developmental toxicity of the anticonvulsant, valproic acid (VPA), a human teratogen, in Sprague-Dawley rats. Oral administration of 200-800 mg/kg VPA (5-20x human therapeutic dose) from Gestational Days (GD) 8 to 17 resulted in increasing maternal toxicity at the higher doses with 100% maternal lethality at 800 mg/kg. Although there was an increased incidence of resorptions at 600 mg/kg (48 +/- 43%) compared to controls (18 +/- 24%), it was not statistically significant. Fetal examination on GD 20 revealed dose-dependent fetal growth retardation (p less than or equal to 0.05) as evidenced by decreased fetal weight and length in addition to underossification of both the axial and appendicular skeleton. The incidence of skeletal defects, including abnormal vertebrae, ribs, and craniofacial dysmorphia, also increased with higher doses of VPA. Cardiac anomalies observed in the two highest treatment groups consisted of great vessel malformations with or without associated ventricular septal defects (VSDs). Urogenital defects were also noted in the 600 mg/kg group. The plasma elimination half-life on GD 8 was 1.0 +/- 0.3 hr at 200 mg/kg and 2.3 +/- 0.7 hr at 600 mg/kg. Maximal concentrations of total and free drug were 341 +/- 18 micrograms/ml and 181 +/- 11 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the low-dose group and 911 +/- 379 micrograms/ml and 542 +/- 224 micrograms/ml in the high-dose group. No significant changes in any pharmacokinetic parameters (t1/2, AUC, Cmax, tmax) were observed over the 10-day treatment period at either dose level. PMID- 3146522 TI - [Hepatic lipid overload in 2 cases of cholestasis associated with parenteral feeding]. AB - The authors report 2 cases of patients with ileal stenosis who developed progressive jaundice while receiving total parenteral nutrition including lipids (Intralipid). In both cases the histologic and histochemical study of the liver demonstrated lipid overload in Kupffer cells and to a lesser extent hepatocytes. Biochemical study established that linoleic acid, a component of Intralipid, associated with a digalactosyl-diglyceride from vegetal origin were the main components of the hepatic overload. The authors hypothesize that two associated mechanisms were responsible for jaundice in their patients: Kupffer cell dysfunction due, at least in part, to lipid overload and intestinal bacterial overgrowth leading to endotoxinemia. PMID- 3146523 TI - Dosage-dependent modifiers of position effect variegation in Drosophila and a mass action model that explains their effect. AB - Twelve dominant enhancers of position effect variegation, representing four loci on the second and third chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster, have been induced by P-element mutagenesis. Instead of simple transposon insertions, seven of these mutations are cytologically visible duplications and three are deficiencies. The duplications define two distinct regions, each coinciding with a locus that also behaves as a dominant haplo-dependent suppressor of variegation. Conversely, two of the deficiencies overlap with a region that contains a haplo-dependent enhancer of variegation while duplications of this same region act to suppress variegation. The third deficiency defines another haplo-dependent enhancer. These data indicate that loci capable of modifying variegation do so in an antipodal fashion through changes in the wild-type gene copy number and may be divided into two reciprocally acting classes. Class I modifiers enhance variegation when duplicated or suppress variegation when deficient. Class II modifiers enhance when deficient but suppress when duplicated. From our data, and those of others, we propose that in Drosophila there are about 20 to 30 dominant loci that modify variegation. Most appear to be of the class I type whereas only two class II modifiers have been identified so far. From these observations we put forth a model, based on the law of mass action, for understanding how such suppressor enhancer loci function. We propose that each class I modifier codes for a structural protein component of heterochromatin and their effects on variegation are a consequence of their dosage dependent influence on the extent of the assembly of heterochromatin at the chromosomal site of the position effect. It is further proposed that class II modifiers may inhibit the class I products directly, bind to hypothetical termination sites that define heterochromatin boundaries or promote euchromatin formation. Consistent with our mass action model we find that combining two enhancers together produce additive and not epistatic effects. Also, since different enhancers have different relative strengths on different variegating mutants, we suggest that heterochromatic domains are constructed by a combinatorial association of proteins. The mass action model proposed here is of general significance for any assembly driven reaction and has implications for understanding a wide variety of biological phenomena.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3146524 TI - Multiple vital functions of the daughterless (da) gene in Drosophila melanogaster and factors influencing its expression. AB - Multiple sub-vital effects, here designated as reductions in fitness S1-S5, for the second chromosome gene 'daughterless' (da) of Drosophila melanogaster were described as (S1) a recessive maternal lethality for daughters, (S2) a reduced fertility of da/da females, (S3) a recessive sub-vital zygotic effect, (S4) a recessive female-specific zygotic effect and (S5) a recessive maternal interaction effect on sons. (For S1-3 see also: Bell, 1954; Sandler, 1972; Cline, 1976). These five distinct effects were initially quantified from estimates of viability in single generation crossing experiments. Dynamic estimates of these fitness parameters were obtained by fitting the elimination rate of da from a series of large random mating cage populations to a recurrence equation by the method of minimum chi-square. The stability of these estimates discerns those effects which are truly pleiotropic versus those due to linked genes. The dynamic estimates supported only S1 and S4 effects. Evidence for S2 and S5 was indeterminate, but the S3 effect was rejected (P less than 0.01). The observed reduction in fitness, supposedly due to this recessive zygotic effect for da, was most likely the result of linked deleterious genes. These results indicate that pleiotropic vital effects observed in single generation test-cross matings may be caused by linked genes rather than the specific mutant per se. This problem is of particular importance when the mutant allele has been maintained with a balancer chromosome. Experiments on the rescue of daughters from da/da mothers with low temperatures during embryogenesis and with dechorionation of eggs were described in which the findings failed to confirm previously reported actions of the da gene. Modifying genes rather than environmental variables were cited as the probable cause for these conflicting results. PMID- 3146525 TI - The use of genetic markers in the analysis of competitive interactions in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A range of long established inbred lines derived from the TEXAS population of Drosophila melanogaster have been used to elucidate the nature of the competitive interactions which occur in genetically heterogeneous mixtures. A prerequisite for this type of investigation is the ability to distinguish the genotypes which compete in mixed culture. Specific marker alleles are generally used to achieve this distinction although in the past little attention has been given to the possibility of competitive bias introduced by the marker alleles themselves. For the experiments reported in this paper two specific marker alleles (y2 and wa) have been introduced independently into the TEXAS inbred lines. In this way the original wild type inbred lines could be compared with similar series of genotypes marked with either y2 or wa and the effects of the marker alleles determined. The results indicated that the body colour mutation (y2) was neutral in its effect on the competitive interaction of recipient strains. The introduction of the white apricot eye colour mutation (wa) however, had a pronounced and deleterious effect on competitive ability. This effect was to render genotypes less able to compete effectively in mixed culture by depressing inter-genotypic competitive ability. These effects were found to be consistent over a range of genotypes and for each of two characters measuring competitive success. PMID- 3146526 TI - Evidence that mouse promotion-sensitivity gene pro1 is transcribed by RNA polymerase III. AB - The murine gene pro1 confers susceptibility to tumor promoters upon transfection into an insensitive host cell. Nucleotide analysis over a minimally active domain of 1049 bp reveals signals expected for a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Similar analysis of the complementary strand shows intragenic signals characteristic of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII). We have previously characterized a small, pro1-homologous transcript that is constitutively expressed at lower levels in promotion-insensitive JB6 epidermal cells as compared to promotion-sensitive and transformed clonal variants. To identify whether the pro1 RNAPII or RNAPIII transcription unit encodes the pro1 homologous RNA, RNA probes specific for each of the predicted transcripts were generated. The RNA probe specific for the pro1 RNAPIII transcription unit was found to detect the pro1-hybridizing RNA. Ligating the pro1 RNAPII 5'-flanking region to an interferon gamma reporter sequence failed to induce synthesis of the reporter protein. In addition, pro1 transcripts generated from the predicted RNAPII and RNAPIII transcription units were untranslatable in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. These data are consistent with pro1 associated tumor promotion occurring not through an RNAPII intermediate, but through an RNAPIII intermediate. PMID- 3146527 TI - A rapidly evolving region in the immunoglobulin heavy chain loci of rat and mouse: postulated role of (dC-dA)n.(dG-dT)n sequences. AB - The nucleotide sequences of the introns that are located between the C4 exon and the first membrane exon of mouse and rat immunoglobulin epsilon-chain genes have been determined. The rat intron sequence was found to contain four separate clusters of repetitive sequences all of which consisted of (dC-dA)n.(dG-dT)n dinucleotide repeats. A comparison between this chromosomal region in mouse and rat revealed four deletions or duplications, three of which have occurred inside or at the borders of the CA clusters. Rearrangements have occurred inside or at the borders of all four repeats after the evolutionary separation of mouse and rat. The sequence comparison reveals in addition a duplication, connected to the CA repeats, which has occurred early in evolution, before the evolutionary divergence of mouse and rat. These findings suggest that (dC-dA)n.(dG-dT)n sequences are potential targets for recombination events. PMID- 3146528 TI - Construction and expression of a hybrid plasminogen activator gene with sequences from non-protease region of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and protease region of urokinase (u-PA). AB - There are two physiological plasminogen activators (PAs), tissue-type PA (t-PA) and urokinase (u-PA) which possess distinct immunological and biochemical characteristics. Using genetic engineering techniques a hybrid t:u-PA cDNA, comprised of amino acid (aa) sequences corresponding to the non-protease region (aa 1-261) of t-PA and the protease region (aa 132-411) of u-PA, was constructed. The t:u-PA gene after insertion into the SV40 expression vector was expressed in monkey Cos-1 cells. The 66-67 kDa t:u-PA was produced in an enzymatically active form. The fibrinolytic activity of the t:u-PA could be quenched by anti-urokinase as well as by anti-t-PA sera. Like urokinase, the t:u-PA showed a high intrinsic plasminogen activation. This activity, as in the case of t-PA, was stimulated by fibrin. The u-PA, on the other hand, stimulated plasminogen activation marginally in the presence of fibrin. Both the t:u-PA and t-PA showed binding affinity for fibrin clot. This study strongly suggests the autonomous nature of the structural domains in PA and also demonstrates the feasibility of shuffling these domains without loss of their functional activities. PMID- 3146529 TI - A Drosophila melanogaster gene encodes a protein homologous to the mouse t complex polypeptide 1. AB - We have isolated and sequenced a cDNA from Drosophila melanogaster that is homologous to the mouse Tcp-1 gene encoding the t complex polypeptide 1, TCP-1. The Drosophila gene maps by in situ hybridization to bands 94B1-2 of the polytene chromosomes. It shares 66% nucleotide sequence identity with the mouse gene. The predicted Drosophila protein consists of 557 amino acids and shares 72% identity with the mouse polypeptide. The TCP-1 polypeptide appears to be highly conserved in evolution from mammals to simple eukaryotes because the Drosophila gene probe also detects related sequences in DNA from the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The presence of TCP-1-related polypeptides in organisms such as Drosophila and yeast should facilitate biochemical and genetic analysis of its function. PMID- 3146531 TI - Effects of D2343, a new beta-mimetic drug, and terbutaline on spontaneous term labor. AB - The effects of an intravenous bolus injection of D2343 (0.75 or 1 mg) or terbutaline (0.25 mg) on spontaneous term labor were studied. The uterine activity was recorded by a transducer-tipped intrauterine catheter and calculated electronically by an uterine activity integrator module built in a conventional fetal monitor. After drug administration the uterine activity was reduced to a similar extent with D2343 and terbutaline but the contractions were abolished for a longer time with terbutaline injection (mean of 9.3-9.8 min compared with 17.0 min). Maternal blood pressure was unaffected in both groups but the increase in pulse rate was slightly higher in the D2343 groups. D2343 seems to have an effect ratio between uterine inhibitory capacity and cardiovascular side effects similar to terbutaline. PMID- 3146530 TI - Hydrogen peroxide induced adenosine diphosphate ribosyl transferase (ADPRT) response in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - The sample population in this initial case control study of the adenosine diphosphate ribosyl transferase (ADPRT) response of inflammatory bowel disease patients included: 23 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC)-active and inactive, 13 patients with Crohn's disease (CD)-active and inactive, 14 first degree relatives of UC and CD patients, and 19 age-matched controls. Adenosine diphosphate ribosyl transferase activity was determined after one hour incubation with 1% plasma (the constitutive value) or with 1% plasma and 100 microM H2O2 (the activated value) with the resulting difference designated as the induced value. Statistically significant decrease in ADPRT activity was found for the constitutive, activated and induced values in human mononuclear leucocytes of UC and CD patients, compared with controls. The values in the first degree relatives of UC and CD patients were not significantly different from either the control or disease populations, indicating an intermediate ADPRT response. These results may be related to the nature of the immunological response of IBD patients and comparable with similar findings in other diseases with known DNA repair deficiencies--for example, colon cancer. PMID- 3146532 TI - Induction of ovulation--past, present and future. AB - Attempts to induce ovulation have been made since the early 1920s, but the major breakthrough came in the early 1960s with the introduction of clomiphene citrate and the gonadotropins. Additional progress was made in the early 1970s with the introduction of bromocriptine and in the early 1980s with the introduction of pulsatile GnRH. At the present, 'pure' FSH and GnRH agonists are being evaluated as adjuncts to HMG for induction of ovulation. As more insight is gained in the neuroendocrine control of the ovulating cycle, we may soon be able to induce ovulation by direct manipulation of the central nervous system. PMID- 3146533 TI - Influence of water activity and reaction temperature of ribose-lysine and glucose lysine Maillard systems on mutagenicity, absorbance and content of furfurals. AB - The effect of water activity (aw 0.98, 0.84 and 0.60) and reaction temperature (100, 120, 140 and 160 degrees C) on the mutagenic activity of the Maillard reaction products in heated ribose-lysine and glucose-lysine model systems, was investigated. In the ribose-lysine system, heated at 100 degrees C, the mutagenic activity of the mixture increased as the water activity was lowered. On the contrary, no dependence between mutagenic activity and water activity was observed in the glucose-lysine system. At higher temperatures, in both systems, the presence in the browned mixtures of an antibacterial activity interfering with the bacterial mutagenicity assay was observed. Under all the conditions tested, the ribose-lysine system turned out to be the most reactive by producing higher levels of mutagens. Furthermore, in this system, the antimicrobial interference was more easily detectable. In the model systems used, the browning reaction mixtures were analysed for their absorption spectrum between 200-460 nm, and for the accumulation of furfurals. The results obtained showed that, at temperatures between 120 and 140 degrees C there is a correlation among reaction temperature, absorbance at 420 and around 280 nm, mutagenic activity of the mixture and the level of furfurals. Changes in the levels of furfurals can be related to changes in mutagenicity of the browned mixtures. PMID- 3146534 TI - [Glaucoma in dysgenetic disease pictures]. PMID- 3146535 TI - [Lymphoma of the conjunctiva--clinical and histopathologic course over 10 years]. PMID- 3146536 TI - [Antiviral treatment of chronic active hepatitis B. Combination therapy with beta interferon and recombinant gamma interferon]. PMID- 3146537 TI - Effects of cold exposure or TRH on the serum TSH levels in the iron-deficient rat. AB - Normal and iron-deficient rats were exposed to cold at 4 degrees C for 1 hr or 5 hrs and the serum TSH, T3 and T4 levels were compared with those in rats kept at room temperature (20 degrees C). There was a rise in serum TSH, T3 and T4 levels in response to 1 hr and 5 hrs of cold exposure in normal, but not in iron deficient rats. Although pituitary TSH contents were lower in iron-deficient rats, the increases in serum levels of TSH following administration of TRH were similar in both normal and iron-deficient rats. The results suggest that the inability to respond to cold in iron-deficient rats may be due to a reduction in the release of TRH from the hypothalamus. PMID- 3146538 TI - Effect of enprostil on plasma glucose, insulin and lipid metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Measurements of various aspects of glucose, insulin and lipid metabolism were made before and after the administration of enprostil (a synthetic dehydroprostaglandin E2) for one week to ten patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Both fasting (P less than 0.01) and postprandial (P less than 0.001) plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lower after one week of enprostil, and 24 hour urinary glucose excretion was reduced from (mean +/- SEM) 47 +/- 14 to 25 +/- 9 g/day. There was no change in either fasting or postprandial insulin concentration, but the postprandial GIP response was also significantly reduced (P less than 0.001). In addition, there were significant reductions in postprandial plasma free fatty acid (P less than 0.05) and triglyceride (P less than 0.001) concentrations, associated with a modest fall in fasting plasma triglyceride (P less than 0.05) and cholesterol (P less than 0.07) concentrations when measured after one week of treatment with enprostil. These results raise the possibility that enprostil may be of some benefit in the treatment of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 3146539 TI - Suppression of postprandial glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) in man by oral administration of a prostaglandin analogue (enprostil). AB - Enprostil, a long-acting, orally active dehydroprostaglandin E2 with cytoprotective and gastric antisecretory properties, is a potent inhibitor of meal-stimulated gastrin release. Recent data have suggested suppression of additional other gastrointestinal peptide hormones following single doses of enprostil. The current investigation was conducted to further clarify the effects of enprostil administration on gastrointestinal hormones and glucose metabolism under physiologic conditions and to determine whether these effects were present following multiple doses of the agent. Enprostil 70 mcg/d and its placebo were each administered for 7 1/2 days to eight normal male subjects in a study of crossover design, each treatment period lasting 7 1/2 days and separated by a 7 day washout period. Subjects received a test meal on days 1 and 8 and an oral glucose challenge on day 3 of each treatment period following enprostil or its placebo. Following the test meal, there was a delay and suppression of the maximum measured serum glucose levels. Mean overall peak glucose concentrations were lower during the enprostil phase compared to placebo (112 vs. 121 mg/dd, P = 0.025) with a trend toward delay in the time to achievement of peak glucose concentrations. Mean overall peak levels for insulin, C-peptide, and glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) were significantly suppressed by 36%, 16% and 60%, respectively by enprostil when compared to placebo. The overall integrated postprandial responses for insulin, C-peptide, and GIP were significantly reduced by 42%, 39% and 90%, respectively while that for glucose above baseline was reduced by 44% (P = 0.098). Similar effects were present following the oral glucose challenge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3146540 TI - Increased fructose-lysine of hair protein and blood glucose control in diabetic patients. PMID- 3146541 TI - The pituitary-thyroid axis in acromegaly. AB - The pituitary-thyroid axis of 12 acromegalic patients was evaluated by measurement of the serum concentrations (total and free) of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse T3 (rT3) and thyrotropin (TSH), growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) before and after iv stimulation with thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). Using an ultrasensitive method of TSH measurement (IRMA) basal serum TSH levels of the patients (0.76, 0.07-1.90 mIU/l) were found slightly, but significantly (P less than 0.01), lower than in 40 healthy controls (1.40, 0.41-2.50 mIU/l). The total T4 levels (TT4) were also reduced (84, 69-106 nmol/l vs 100, 72-156 nmol/l, P less than 0.01) and significantly correlated (P less than 0.02, R = 0.69) to the TSH response to TRH, suggesting a slight central hypothyroidism. The acromegalics had, however, normal serum levels of TT3 (1.79, 1.23-2.52 nmol/l vs 1.74, 0.78-2.84 nmol/l, P greater than 0.10), but significantly decreased levels of TrT3 (0.173, 0.077-0.430 nmol/l vs 0.368, 0.154 0.584 nmol/l, P less than 0.01) compared to the controls. The serum concentration of the free iodothyronines (FT4, FT3, FrT3) showed similar differences between acromegalics and normal controls. All the acromegalics showed a rise of serum TSH, GH and PRL after TRH. Positive correlation (P less than 0.05, R = 0.59) was found between the TSH and GH responses, but not between these two parameters and the PRL response to TRH. These findings may be explained by the existence of a central suppression of the TSH and GH secretion in acromegalic subjects, possibly exerted by somatostatin. Euthyroidism might be maintained by an increased extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3. PMID- 3146542 TI - Hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in patients with hyperthyroidism. AB - To test whether chronic thyroid hormone excess influences the hypothalamic pituitary-testicular axis, 8 hyperthyroid men were given two identical intravenous GnRH tests. The first test was performed before any treatment had been instituted, the second 6-13 months later, when medical treatment had made the patients euthyroid. Although basal serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T) levels were of similar magnitudes before and after the medical treatment, LH and FSH responsiveness to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), as reflected by the hormone incremental areas (U/l X min), were significantly larger in the thyrotoxic state compared with the euthyroid state (LH incremental areas: 3,999 +/- 665 vs. 2,640 +/- 430, p less than 0.02; FSH incremental areas: 825 +/- 193 vs. 542 +/- 98, p less than 0.05). Furthermore, serum T increased significantly in response to GnRH when the patients were hyperthyroid (T incremental area: 162 +/- 51, p less than 0.02), but failed to do so when they were euthyroid (T incremental area: 92 +/- 53, NS). These results imply that chronic thyroid hormone excess makes the pituitary gonadotrophs 'hypersensitive' to exogenous GnRH. This may in turn explain why human Leydig cells respond more powerful to exogenous GnRH in thyrotoxic patients than in euthyroid subjects. PMID- 3146543 TI - Mode of inheritance in familial cases of primary gonadotropic deficiency. AB - The mode of inheritance of primary gonadotropic deficiency was studied in 38 children and adolescents. 92% of this population was male with high frequencies of undescended testes (80%) and micropenis (31%). Anosmia was present in 61% of the patients aged more than 5 years and was a frequent genetic marker in the families. Inheritance was matrilineal in 18, X-linked dominant or autosomal dominant in 6. In 13 cases, the transmission was patrilineal and evoked autosomal dominant inheritance. An autosomal recessive transmission was likely in 7 patients. The data agree with the suggestion of multiple modes of inheritance of congenital gonadotropic deficiency, and clearly show the wide range of expressivity of the disorder. PMID- 3146544 TI - Gonadotropin secretion in azotemic male rats--effect of opioid blockade. AB - The role of endogenous opioids in the control of gonadotropin secretion in uremic male rats was investigated using the narcotic antagonist, naloxone. In order to eliminate the effect of weight loss due to uremia-induced anorexia as a cause of previously described altered gonadotropin secretion in uremia, we also studied a group of normal pair-fed control animals who exhibited a weight loss comparable to that of the uremic animals. Naloxone administration had no effect on the basal or LRH-stimulated peak concentrations of LH and FSH in the normal or the uremic rats. Basal and LRH-stimulated gonadotropin responses in the pair-fed rats were comparable to those seen in the normal rats. Similarly, opioid blockade produced no change in the basal or LRH-stimulated gonadotropin responses in the pair-fed animals. Testosterone concentrations were significantly lower in the uremic and pair-fed animals compared to the normal rats. The data suggest that experimental renal failure is not associated with altered opioidergic tone, as it relates to gonadotropin secretion, or to diminished sensitivity of the gonadotroph to LRH stimulation. The decreased testosterone concentration seen in the uremic and pair fed rats may reflect abnormalities in gonadal hormone secretion due to primary pathology occurring at the level of the gonad. These abnormalities may be reflected as diminished Leydig cell sensitivity to LH. The inappropriately low concentrations of LH in the presence of low testosterone together with normal gonadotropin response to exogenous LRH also suggest an abnormal secretion of endogenous LRH. It is not clear whether this presumed abnormality in LRH secretion is a primary event or is related to decreased testosterone production by the testes in the uremic and pair-fed rats. PMID- 3146545 TI - Molecular mechanisms involved in human B and T cell neoplasia. PMID- 3146546 TI - Human tyrosinase gene, mapped to chromosome 11 (q14----q21), defines second region of homology with mouse chromosome 7. AB - The enzyme tyrosinase (monophenol,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase; EC 1.14.18.1) catalyzes the first two steps in the conversion of tyrosine to melanin, the major pigment found in melanocytes. Some forms of oculocutaneous albinism, characterized by the absence of melanin in skin and eyes and by a deficiency of tyrosinase activity, may result from mutations in the tyrosinase structural gene. A recently isolated human tyrosinase cDNA was used to map the human tyrosinase locus (TYR) to chromosome 11, region q14----q21, by Southern blot analysis of somatic cell hybrid DNA and by in situ chromosomal hybridization. A second site of tyrosinase-related sequences was detected on the short arm of chromosome 11 near the centromere (p11.2----cen). Furthermore, we have confirmed the localization of the tyrosinase gene in the mouse at or near the c locus on chromosome 7. Comparison of the genetic maps of human chromosome 11 and mouse chromosome 7 leads to hypotheses regarding the evolution of human chromosome 11. PMID- 3146547 TI - Anti-schistosome chemotherapy enhanced by antibodies specific for a parasite esterase. AB - The immune-dependent action of praziquantel has been investigated in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice by passive transfer of rabbit antisera simultaneously with drug treatment. Significant synergistic activity was obtained with polyspecific sera against culture medium extracts of adult worms, but not with sera against detergent extracts or whole worm homogenates. Serum from a rabbit 'infected' with unattenuated S. mansoni cercariae was also synergistically active with praziquantel, and from this serum were derived two further active and monospecific sera which immunoprecipitated a 27,000 MW antigen with non-specific esterolytic enzyme activity. The antigen against which the monospecific sera reacted was detected by indirect immunofluorescence on the tubercles of drug treated worms, but not on control worms. The immune-dependence of praziquantel thus appears related to drug-induced damage on the surface on the worm, which results in exposure of antigens sensitive to damage by antibody. PMID- 3146548 TI - Quantitative analysis of integrated Ed alpha gene expression in C57BL/6 transgenic mice. AB - We performed quantitative analysis of Ed alpha gene expression in the transgenic mice, created by microinjecting cloned Ed alpha gene fragments into C57BL/6 fertilized eggs. DNA dot-blot analysis revealed that Ed alpha gene-introduced transgenic mice (B6Ed alpha transgenic mice) contain 20 copies per cell of the Ed alpha gene in their genome. RNA dot-blot analysis revealed that the amount of Ed alpha mRNAs in B6Ed alpha transgenic spleen cells is 20-40-fold higher than those in normal BALB/c or (BALB x C57BL/6)F1 (CBF1) spleen cells. However, the amount of Ed alpha molecules expressed on B6Ed alpha transgenic spleen cells was similar to that expressed on normal BALB/c of CBF1 spleen cells on a gene-dose basis. The amount of endogenous Ed alpha mRNA in the B6Ed alpha transgenic spleen cells was almost equal to that of normal B6 spleen cells. Since the cell surface I-E molecule is formed by non-covalent association of E alpha and E beta chain, these results suggest that, in spite of the high expression of integrated Ed alpha gene in the cytoplasm of B6Ed alpha transgenic mice, the amount of Ed alpha gene expression on the cell surface is limited by the amount of endogenous Eb beta gene products. PMID- 3146549 TI - [von Recklinghausen disease and cutaneous melanoma. A rare association]. PMID- 3146550 TI - Thymidine kinase and disaccharidase activities in intestinal mucosa in health and disease. PMID- 3146551 TI - Impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the normal intestinal microflora after administration of two antimicrobial agents. AB - Twenty healthy volunteers participated in a comparative study concerning the influence of Lactobacillus acidophilus supplements on the normal intestinal microflora after the administration of two antimicrobial agents, enoxacin and clindamycin, respectively. L. acidophilus NCFB 1748 was given as a fermented milk product containing 5 x 10(8)-2 x 10(9) CFU/ml to ten of the volunteers immediately after the administration of the antimicrobial agents. On the seventh day of enoxacin administration enterobacteria were eliminated in nine of ten subjects. Enterococci disappeared or decreased significantly in five subjects. During the L. acidophilus supplementation, there was a significant increase in the number of Escherichia coli in one subject, while enterococci returned to the same level as before enoxacin administration in all subjects. PMID- 3146552 TI - Comparative in-vitro activity of erythromycin, vancomycin and pristinamycin. AB - We have studied the in-vitro activity of erythromycin, vancomycin and pristinamycin against 1,006 clinical isolates comprising streptococci, staphylococci, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae and anaerobes. In vitro studies show pristinamycin to inhibit staphylococci and streptococci, including erythromycin highly-resistant organisms, at a concentration of less than or equal to 0.78 mg/l. Although pristinamycin's mean MIC for streptococci is higher than that of erythromycin, pristinamycin is bactericidal, whereas erythromycin is bacteristatic against Streptococcus agalactiae and oral streptococci. Enterococci were less uniformly susceptible to pristinamycin: 58 of the 94 Enterococcus faecalis tested were resistant (MIC greater than or equal to 3.12 mg/l). 14 of the 15 isolates of Enterococcus faecium were inhibited by less than or equal to 1.56 mg/l pristinamycin. Pristinamycin showed poor activity against Haemophilus influenzae (mode MIC 1.56 and MIC90 of 3.12 mg/l) but all except two of the 100 Neisseria gonorrhoeae tested were inhibited by less than or equal to 0.78 mg/l pristinamycin. Pristinamycin inhibited all nine Clostridium spp. at less than or equal to 0.39 mg/l and 38 of 40 strains of anaerobic gram positive cocci at less than or equal to 0.78 mg/l. It was less effective against the Bacteroides fragilis group: (MIC90 3.12 mg/l). Pristinamycin had poor bactericidal activity against the anaerobes tested. PMID- 3146553 TI - Individual responses to transdermal nitrates after chronic administration in angina pectoris. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate whether, and to which extent, sustained treatment with transdermal nitroglycerin plasters may lead to the development of tolerance in patients with effort-induced angina pectoris. Ten patients, all men, mean age 62.7 years, took part in a double-blind, cross-over, acute study, comparing the transdermal therapeutic system of nitroglycerin 10 mg/24 hours with placebo. Patients were then treated for 1 month with the active drug in single blind condition, and finally they took part in a further acute study identical to the first. Cycloergometric exercise tests were carried out 4 hours after dosing. In comparison with placebo, the active drug significantly (P less than 0.01) increased ischaemic threshold (ST depression = 1 mm) after both acute (from 299 + 92 to 413 +- 120 sec) and chronic treatment (416 +- 107 sec). The same results were obtained for exercise duration to peak exercise (acute study: from 336 +- 65 to 482 +- 90 sec; chronic treatment: 466 +- 118 sec). The final acute study confirmed the stability of angina, showing that the improvement in exercise tolerance after chronic treatment was entirely due to the pharmacological effect of the drug. In terms of single patient response to the active treatment, 7 of the 10 patients showed an improvement in exercise tolerance after both acute and chronic treatment, while in 3 patients no antianginal effect was observed. These results suggest that nitrate tolerance cannot be considered an inevitable finding in patients chronically treated with transdermal patches. PMID- 3146554 TI - Experimental American leishmaniasis and Chagas' disease in the Brazilian squirrel monkey: cross immunity and electrocardiographic studies of monkeys infected with Leishmania braziliensis and Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 3146555 TI - Continuous fluorogenic substrates for atrial dipeptidyl carboxyhydrolase. Importance of Ser in the P1 position. AB - Several N-acyltetrapeptides of the general structure 2-aminobenzoyl-Gly-X-Phe(4 nitro)-Arg were synthesized and tested as substrates for atrial dipeptidyl carboxyhydrolase, an enzyme associated with atrial granules that converts one active atrial natriuretic peptide, atriopeptin II, to another, atriopeptin I. Hydrolysis of the X-Phe(4-nitro) bond generates the 2-aminobenzoyl fluorophore and the increasing fluorescence can be monitored in a continuous assay. Based on the ratio of Vmax/Km as an indication of substrate specificity, peptides containing X = Ser greater than Ala approximately equal to Lys- greater than Asn much greater than Thr approximately equal to Asp. With the exception of the Asn substrate, the Km determined for all the substrates was about the same. Thus, the effect of the P1 residue substitution shows up almost exclusively in Vmax. PMID- 3146556 TI - Preliminary note on the effect of denzimol in partial epilepsy. AB - The antiepileptic activity of the imidazole derivative denzimol has been evaluated in 10 patients with poorly controlled partial epilepsy by adding on the drug to the current therapy, in an open preliminary trial. A sustained drop in seizure frequency greater than 50% occurred in 5 patients. Although denzimol increased blood concentrations of carbamazepine, correlation analysis indicated that the improvement was more likely due to intrinsic properties of denzimol. No severe side effects were reported, although several patients experienced nausea and vomiting, which caused 2 patients to drop out. PMID- 3146557 TI - Justice and the economics of terminal illness. PMID- 3146558 TI - Hawaii's nutrition and hydration fix: will it be medico-moral, judicial or legislative? PMID- 3146559 TI - [IgM kappa immunocytoma in IgM-kappa monoclonal gammopathy]. AB - A case of monoclonal gammopathy of the IgM kappa class is reported, in which a large number of reddish-brown, non-itching papules, reaching at maximum the size of peas and aligned in a follicular arrangement, had been seen to an unchanged extent on the left upper thigh for 6 years. Both histologically and immunohistologically, a B-cell lymphoma releasing kappa-type IgM was demonstrated. The clinical picture obtained was different from that of the few other cases reported in the literature, which have always involved either large surface infiltrates or much larger nodes, either solitary or irregularly arranged. PMID- 3146560 TI - T1-T2 vocal cord carcinoma: a basis for comparing the results of radiotherapy and surgery. AB - This is an analysis of 304 patients with invasive, previously untreated T1-T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx treated with radiotherapy between October 1964 and December 1984. All patients had a minimum 2-year follow-up and 82% had at least 5 years of follow-up. Patients were excluded from the analysis of local control if they died within 2 years of treatment with the primary site continuously disease-free. Patients were staged according to the AJCC system and stratified by the surgical procedure that would have been required to resect the tumor. Stage T2 was subdivided into two subsets: T2a (normal mobility) and T2b (decreased mobility). The rates of local control with radiotherapy and the ultimate rates of local control, including patients salvaged surgically for a local recurrence, were as follows: T1, 159 of 171 (93%) and 166 of 171 (97%); T2a, 50 of 65 (77%) and 63 of 65 (97%); and T2b, 31 of 43 (72%) and 38 of 43 (88%). The rate of local control for patients with T1 lesions limited to one cord was not influenced by tumor extension to the anterior commissure. The overall incidence of serious complications was 5 of 304 (1.6%). The 5-year determinate survival rates were as follows: T1, 130 of 134 (97%); T2a, 43 of 46 (93%); and T2b, 29 of 33 (88%). PMID- 3146561 TI - Needle catheter duodenostomy: a technique for duodenal alimentation of birds. AB - A technique for duodenal alimentation (needle catheter duodenostomy) of birds was developed, using the domestic pigeon (Columba livia) as the experimental model. A needle catheter was inserted into the descending duodenum of 5 pigeons and was secured to the body wall and dorsum of each bird. A liquid diet was administered daily (in equal amounts of 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 hours) for 14 days without adverse effects. On day 15, the catheters were removed, and the birds immediately resumed normal consumption of a pigeon ration and water diet. Although 4 of the 5 birds had minor weight loss, dietary alterations probably could be used on an individual basis to alleviate this problem. After oral alimentation was resumed, the 5 birds exceeded their initial body weight within 7 days. Four weeks after catheter removal, positive-contrast radiographic evaluations indicated that the duodenum of each pigeon appeared normal. Needle catheter duodenostomy was a viable method of alimentation in the domestic pigeon. This technique should be applicable for other avian species requiring bypass of the upper gastrointestinal tract proximal to the region of catheter insertion in the duodenum. PMID- 3146562 TI - Effects of oxygen supplementation on blood gas values in chemically restrained juvenile African elephants. AB - Arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were determined in sedated immature African elephants and in elephants immobilized with etorphine hydrochloride or with an etorphine-ketamine combination. For manipulative and surgical procedures, the Hudson demand valve was used for oxygen supplementation during 6 procedures, and insufflation was used during 2 procedures. The Hudson demand valve was more effective than insufflation in sustaining adequate arterial oxygenation. PMID- 3146563 TI - Lead poisoning in free-ranging California condors. PMID- 3146564 TI - Surgical treatment of laryngeal ossification in a tiger. PMID- 3146565 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a colony-born baboon. PMID- 3146566 TI - Evidence for the conjugal transfer of the broad host range plasmid pIP501 into strains of Lactobacillus helveticus. AB - The conjugative broad host range plasmid pIP501 was transferred from Streptococcus faecalis to a series of strains of lactic streptococci used commercially as dairy starter cultures. With these transconjugants as donors the plasmid was exconjugated to two strains of Lactobacillus helveticus and a commercially used strain of Strep. thermophilus. There was evidence that the plasmid could transfer between isogenic derivatives of one of the strains of Lact. helveticus. Transfer from Lact. helveticus to Strep. faecalis was also detected but at a low frequency. There was no evidence for the conjugal transfer of plasmid pIP501 into a strain of Lact. bulgaricus by exconjugation from either lactic streptococci or Lactobacillus sp. PMID- 3146567 TI - Minimum growth temperatures of Listeria monocytogenes and non-haemolytic Listeria. AB - Minimum growth temperatures and those of decreased growth were determined for 100 strains of listerias. The ability of 78 strains of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from animals and 22 non-haemolytic strains to grow at low temperatures was studied, using a flooding technique, in a plate-type continuous temperature gradient incubator at temperatures between -1.6 and 14.5 degrees C. The mean minimum temperature for L. monocytogenes was +1.7 +/- 0.5 degrees C. The growth of non-haemolytic listerias was unobservable at +1.7 +/- 0.5 degrees C. The L. monocytogenes strains grew at about 0.6 degrees C lower than the non-pathogenic strains. No differences in growth temperatures were observed among L. monocytogenes strains isolated from different sources. The serovars with the OI antigen grew at lower temperatures (+1.0 +/- 0.3 degrees C) than the other common serovar 4b (+1.3 +/- 0.4 degrees C). The results indicate that L. monocytogenes grows better than non-haemolytic strains under cold conditions. The possible role of haemolysins as growth factors is also discussed. PMID- 3146568 TI - Lupus anticoagulants: misnomer, paradox, riddle, epiphenomenon. AB - Lupus anticoagulants (LA) were originally described in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and clinical bleeding. Following the original description, they were associated with numerous clinical conditions and it was soon appreciated that there was not an increased risk of hemorrhage. Hence the name is a misnomer which has resisted attempts at modification. The paradox of LA is the apparent increased risk of both arterial and venous thromboembolic events. Thus, a laboratory finding which was once associated with bleeding and subsequently was regarded as a nuisance has now acquired new respectability as a marker of a thrombotic predisposition. The riddle of the anticoagulant effect in vivo and the apparent procoagulant effect in vivo remains unsolved. Perhaps it is an epiphenomenon, but more importantly, it may open the door to greater understanding of the delicate regulatory systems which prevent thrombosis. LA exist in virtually every patient population. Therefore, they are no longer a topic of interest limited to hematologists, rather they have achieved multidisciplinary attention. Laboratories are now being asked to prospectively evaluate patients for the presence of LA or antiphospholipid antibodies (APA). The evaluation of LA, both in the research laboratory and clinic, should continue to provide important insights applicable to a variety of specialties. PMID- 3146569 TI - Purification and some properties of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase mediated by plasmids from Vibrio anguillarum. AB - Vibrio anguillarum strains were isolated from chloramphenicol-resistant bacteria in diseased fish. Plasmid Rms418, which confers chloramphenicol resistance, was transferred from V. anguillarum GN11379 to Escherichia coli K12 by conjugation. The Rms418-encoded chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) [EC 2.3.1.99] was isolated and purified to homogeneity using affinity chromatography on immobilized p-amino-chloramphenicol or ATP. The general CAT could be adsorbed by a matrix with a chloramphenicol base ligand (Zaidenzaig, Y. & Shaw, W.V. (1976) FEBS Lett. 62,266-271), but the Rms418-encoded CAT was not bound under these conditions. The specific activity of the enzyme, when measured by the spectrophotometric assay, was 71.4 units/mg protein at 37 degrees C. The molecular weight of the enzyme treated with SDS and 2-mercaptoethanol was shown to be approximately 22,000. The molecular weight of the native enzyme, as determined by gel filtration, was approximately 69,000, and the optimal pH was 7.8. The Km values for chloramphenicol and CoASAc were 34.5 and 150 microM, respectively. Enzyme activity was inhibited by HgCl2, p-chloromercuribenzoate (p-CMB), 5,5' dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), and ethylendiaminotetraacetic acid (EDTA). The half life at 53 degrees C was approximately 100 min. PMID- 3146570 TI - Purification and characterization of acid beta-D-galactosidase from rabbit spleen. AB - beta-D-Galactosidase has been purified to apparent homogeneity from rabbit spleen. The purification steps involved ammonium sulphate precipitation, DEAE cellulose, concanavalin A-Sepharose, Sephadex G-200, and Sepharose 4B-(epsilon aminocaproyl)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucosylamine affinity chromatographies. In the DEAE cellulose step, the beta-D-galactosidase was separated into two molecular forms, designated I and II, with similar pH optimum, Km, substrate specificity, and sensitivity to substrate analogues and other substances. Form I was purified 1,800-fold with a yield of about 2% of the total activity. This form is heat labile, it has an acid optimal pH (4.0), an isoelectric point of 6.7 and a molecular weight of 75,000 daltons. Form II has an optimal pH of 3.6 and three different pI values (5.3, 5.7, and 6.7) whose relative proportions can be modified by treatment with neuraminidase. Form II appeared to be a multimeric form (IIA) of about 600,000 daltons at pH 4.0, which was reversibly dissociated to an oligomeric form (IIB) with an apparent molecular weight of 120,000 at neutral pH values. Both IIA and IIB were purified separately and showed an acid pH optimum and an heterogeneous pI (from 4.6 to 7.2). The dissociation of IIA into IIB can be generated spontaneously, but is increased by the presence of urea in the elution buffer, suggesting that both are aggregates of a common subunit. PMID- 3146572 TI - American Burn Association 1988 presidential address "we can see so far because...". PMID- 3146571 TI - Effect of delay between tissue harvest and glutaraldehyde pretreatment on mineralization of bovine pericardium used in bioprosthetic heart valves. AB - There is concern that delayed glutaraldehyde treatment of bioprosthetic tissue could potentiate calcification by autolytic generation of mineralization nuclei. This study investigated the effects on mineralization of variable delays between harvest of bovine pericardium and initial glutaraldehyde treatment, using tissue implanted subcutaneously in rats for 21 days. Susceptibility to mineralization increased statistically but only modestly with delays to 34 h. This suggests that mineralization will not be significantly inhibited by rapid treatment of otherwise properly handled tissue and that clinically important prevention of calcification will require more dramatic means. PMID- 3146573 TI - Combined topical use of silver sulfadiazine and antibiotics as a possible solution to bacterial resistance in burn wounds. AB - The superior efficacy of quinolones (norfloxacin, pefloxacin, and enoxacin) in controlling burn wound infections signals the discovery of new topical agents. However, there are a few reports on the emergence of resistant mutants to quinolones. Since attempts to develop AgSD resistant strains in vitro were unsuccessful and the emergence of AgSD resistance in vivo is a rare occurrence, we decided to investigate if the combined use of AgSD with other effective antibiotics, especially quinolones, would minimize the development of resistant bacteria. Our in vitro results indicate that when Ps. aeruginosa cultures were serially transferred 10 times through subinhibitory concentrations of norfloxacin, pefloxacin, etc., the MIC increased 40 times while when the cultures were passed through a combination of AgSD and these quinolones, the MIC of quinolones increased only tenfold. In vivo, when burned mice infected with either AgSD sensitive or resistant Ps. aeruginosa strains were treated with a topical cream containing 10mM silver sulfadiazine and 5mM norfloxacin or 5mM pefloxacin, the mortality was much lower than that of 10mM silver sulfadiazine alone or 5mM quinolones alone. Thus, combined use of silver sulfadiazine and quinolones appears to diminish the ability of Ps. aeruginosa strains to form resistant mutants. Furthermore, when the combination is used as a topical agent in burn wounds, lesser amounts of the individual drug are needed to control infection thereby reducing the toxic effects, if any, associated with these drugs. This combination does not in any way interfere with the antifungal or antibacterial properties of these individual drugs. PMID- 3146575 TI - The burned hemophiliac. AB - Reports of the care of burned hemophiliac patients requiring cutaneous autografting are rare. A 28-year-old white male with classic hemophilia A sustained a 30.5% total body surface area burn. The patient received standard topical antimicrobial therapy and the majority of his burn wound healed. While undergoing therapy, multiple tooth extractions were recommended. On postburn day 25 the patient underwent multiple tooth extractions plus excision and grafting of his unhealed burn after preoperative infusion of cryoprecipitate. Despite a maximum factor VIII concentration of only 23%, no remarkable bleeding occurred from the excision sites, the skin graft donor site, or the tooth extraction wounds. Preoperative infusion of cryoprecipitate does not appear to be required for split-thickness skin graft harvest or excision of burns within the dermis. PMID- 3146576 TI - Reassessing caloric requirements in pediatric burn patients. AB - New formulas for estimating the caloric requirements of burned children have been suggested. These formulas appeared to exceed the caloric estimates made by the Galveston Shriners Burns Institute formula. This study was undertaken to compare the Curreri Junior formulas and the Galveston Shriners Burns Institute formula with the actual intake required by pediatric patients with burns greater than 30% total body surface area to maintain weight. The 121 patients studied were divided into three age groups to coincide with those in the Curreri Junior formulas and calorie requirements as estimated by both formulas were determined. The comparison of these estimations with the actual intake required to maintain weight indicated that there is a significant difference in the caloric requirement per m2 burn between the age three and under group and the older age group. The results also suggest that overfeeding may occur with the historic formulas. PMID- 3146574 TI - Reduced wound contraction after grafting of full-thickness burns with a collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate (GAG) dermal skin substitute and coverage with biobrane. AB - Full-thickness burns destroy both the epidermal and dermal tissues of the skin. This study evaluates a collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate dermal skin substitute (graft) that was applied to excised full-thickness burns and covered with Biobrane. Experimental conditions included: (a) no burn, subcutaneous implantation of the graft; (b) burn, excision, graft, coverage with Biobrane and bandages; (c) burn, excision, no graft, coverage with Biobrane and bandages; (d) burn only. forty-one days post-surgery, subcutaneous implantation (N = 3) of the graft caused no detectable contraction or necrosis of the overlying skin, whereas all burn wounds contracted. Measurements of wounds (percentage of original wound size) showed statistically significant differences between the following treatments; (a) graft plus Biobrane (N = 10), 34%; (b) no graft plus Biobrane (N = 9), 25%; (c) untreated burns (N = 6), 16%. Semi-quantitative evaluation of time to healing indicated by spontaneous detachment of Biobrane from wounds showed that grafted, excised wounds healed in an average of 2.7 weeks, while ungrafted, excised wounds required an average of 4.3 weeks to heal. Histological appearance of healed wounds after grafting and coverage with Biobrane resembles undamaged skin without epidermal adnexal structures. Excision of full-thickness burn eschar, followed by grafting with a collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate dermal skin substitute and coverage with Biobrane provides reduced wound contraction within a six-week period of observation compared to non-excised wounds. Both more rapid and more complete wound healing took place compared to excised wounds that were not grafted. PMID- 3146577 TI - (2'-5')An-dependent endoribonuclease: enzyme levels are regulated by IFN beta, IFN gamma, and cell culture conditions. AB - The levels of a (2'-5')An-dependent endonuclease (RNase L) were determined in extracts prepared from murine L cells and Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells by measuring specific binding of protein to a labeled derivative of (2'-5')An, (2' 5')A3[32P]pCp. RNase L levels were found to depend both on interferon (IFN) treatment and on cell growth conditions. Treatment of murine L cells and EAT cells with 100-2,000 IRU IFN beta or IFN gamma resulted in a similar 2-4-fold increase in the levels of RNase L when cells were present at low density. The levels of RNase L were also shown to increase 2-3-fold as cells approached saturation density. Serum-starved cells also displayed relatively high levels of RNase L. RNase L levels in cells maintained at high cell density did not change appreciably following treatment with IFN beta or IFN gamma. Regulation of RNase L levels by cell growth conditions as well as by IFN beta or IFN gamma treatment suggests that RNase L may play an important role in regulating the levels of cellular mRNAs as well as acting to degrade viral RNAs. PMID- 3146578 TI - An immunological assessment of lysosomal enzymes and other macromolecules sulfated during vegetative growth of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Western blotting and immunoprecipitation data indicated that lysosomal enzymes represent a subset of the sulfated macromolecules present in vegetative Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae and account for less than 2.5% of the total sulfate incorporated during vegetative growth. These data suggest that the majority of the highly sulfated macromolecules of vegetative D. discoideum amoebae are not related to the lysosomal enzymes. PMID- 3146579 TI - Capillary gas chromatographic assay for valproic acid and its 2-desaturated metabolite in brain and plasma. AB - A capillary gas chromatographic method has been developed for quantitating the antiepileptic drug valproic acid and its pharmacologically active metabolite, E delta 2-valproic acid, in brain and plasma. The method was designed to cover large concentration ranges of both valproic acid and E-delta 2-valproic acid for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in laboratory animals and human subjects. Careful optimization of the extraction and chromatographic procedures was needed to resolve the analytes from a variety of endogenous constituents and other known metabolites of valproic acid. A sensitivity limit of 0.10 micrograms/g for 300 mg of brain tissue or 0.20 micrograms/ml for 150 microliters of plasma was achieved using flame ionization detection. The within-batch coefficients of variation for both analytes were less than 8%. Reproducible calibration data were observed over a period of three to eleven months. PMID- 3146580 TI - Large-scale purification of the mycotoxins aflatoxin B1, B2 and G1. AB - The isolation and purification of gram quantities of the important mycotoxins aflatoxin B1, B2 and G1 are described. The method involves final purification on a Waters Prep LC-500 instrument, loaded with silica cartridges, and elution with chloroform. PMID- 3146581 TI - A comparison of three methods for detection of antibodies against the major core protein p24 of human immunodeficiency virus. AB - The native major core protein p24 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was immunoaffinity purified by a monoclonal antibody and used to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (inELISA) for detecting p24 antibodies in human sera. Its ability to detect p24 antibodies was compared to that of the immunoblotting test (IBT) and a commercial available competition ELISA (compELISA) employing recombinant HIV core protein. In tests on 60 serum samples the overall agreement of the inELISA and the IBT was 93.3%. Fifty-two samples were p24 antibody positive in both the inELISA and the IBT and of these 24 (46.2%) were positive in the compELISA. All compELISA positive samples were derived from healthy individuals, whereas of the 28 (53.8%) compELISA negative samples 1 was from a patient with acute HIV infection, 18 from healthy individuals and 9 from ARC/AIDS patients. The compELISA was able to distinguish among healthy persons with normal or low T-helper cell count (P = 0.048), as was the inELISA when p24 antibodies were titrated (P = 0.027). The inELISA equals IBT in specificity and sensitivity, is convenient and is very suitable for titration of p24 antibodies. PMID- 3146582 TI - Sensitive fluorogenic enzyme immunoassay on nitrocellulose membranes for quantitation of virus. AB - A highly sensitive fluorogenic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FELISA), which utilizes nitrocellulose membranes as solid phase support, has been developed for the detection and identification of virus in clinical samples. Reagents were standardized and, using purified Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as a model, the theoretical lower limits of test sensitivity of the FELISA were compared, in both "sandwich" and "indirect" formats, to those of a comparable chromogenic enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA). Of the systems evaluated, the "sandwich" FELISA exhibited maximum sensitivity and detected 10 fg of purified virus protein per milliliter of test sample (500 ag per test volume). Specificity of the "sandwich" FELISA was evaluated by challenging the system with heterologous strains of NDV and with other serologically related and unrelated viruses. In a clinical trial in which fecal materials from chickens undergoing vaccination with NDV were assayed directly by FELISA, the virus was detected from the first to approximately the tenth day post-vaccination. The test is simple to perform and results can be obtained in approximately 4 h. PMID- 3146583 TI - Use of heat inactivated viral haemorrhagic fever antigens in serological assays. AB - Heating for 1 h at 60 degrees C completely destroyed the infectivity of sucrose acetone-extracted antigen of Rift Valley (RVF) and Congo Crimean haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), as well as of RVF- and CCHF-infected mouse brain. These antigens could be successfully used, however, for complement fixation and IgM-capturing enzyme immunoassay. Vero E6 cell suspensions infected with hantaviruses such as Hantaan 76-118, Tchoupitoulas, SR 11, GB-B, CG 18-20, Hallnas, CG 13891, Seoul and Prospect Hill, as well as Vero cells infected with CCHF and RVF viruses, were completely inactivated after heating for 1 h at 60 degrees C. Indirect immunofluorescent antibody test results obtained on slides prepared with heat inactivated cell suspensions correlated well with results obtained on slides prepared with unheated cell suspensions. Inactivation is a simple, rapid, economic and reproducible method for inactivation of hantaviruses and CCHF and RVF viruses, with preservation of the ability to react specifically with antibodies. PMID- 3146585 TI - Monocyte functional studies in asymptomatic, human immunodeficiency disease virus (HIV)-infected individuals. AB - Various aspects of monocyte-associated function were evaluated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of male homosexuals who were infected with the human immunodeficiency disease virus (HIV). The functional assessments included indomethacin-sensitive regulation of blastogenesis and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK)-cell induction, chemiluminescent responses of mononuclear leukocytes to opsonized zymosan, and the expression of HLA-DR antigen on CD-14-positive monocytes. The results obtained demonstrate that each of these functions is abnormal in asymptomatic individuals who have HIV core antigen (p24) in their circulation. These results suggest that monocyte abnormalities which could contribute to immune dysfunction in HIV-infected patients can be detected early during the course of HIV infection and are associated with the expression of serum HIV antigen. PMID- 3146584 TI - Neutralizing antibodies as a prognostic indicator in the progression of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related disorders: a double-blind study. AB - A double-blind longitudinal study for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) neutralizing antibodies (NAb) in the sera of 36 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), 149 prodromal homosexual subjects, and 33 heterosexual subjects has been carried out. All AIDS patients and 68% of prodromal homosexual subjects (101/149) were found to be HIV-1 antibody positive by Western blot assay. All heterosexual subjects were HIV-1 antibody negative. Neutralizing antibody(s) was determined by testing the protective activity of sera against HIV-1 infection of human T-cell line H9. Study subjects were divided into NAb(+) (antibody titer, greater than 1:40) and NAb(-) (antibody titer, less than 1:40) groups. During the 24-month observation period 2 of 80 (3%) HIV-1(+) NAb(+) individuals progressed to AIDS and died, as compared to 5 of 21 (24%) of HIV-1(+) NAb(-) subjects who progressed to AIDS. Similarly, among the NAb(+) AIDS patients 8 of 23 (35%) died, while 10 of 13 (77%) of the NAb(-) patients died during the course of the study. In addition, the absence or reduction of HIV-1 p17 and p24 antibodies directed against HIV-1 antigens as well as the low titer or absence of NAb appears to be closely related to the clinical progression of the disease. These studies suggest that a decrease in the virus neutralization capacity of the sera and a decrease or complete loss of HIV-1 p17 and p24 antibodies may be useful as prognostic indicators for the progression of disease in HIV-1-seropositive patients. PMID- 3146587 TI - Follicular fluid pH changes following intraperitoneal exposure of Graafian follicles to carbon dioxide: a comparative study with follicles exposed to ultrasound. AB - Follicular aspiration to obtain oocytes is generally performed via laparoscopy after creating a pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide. Such a procedure has been shown to reduce the rate of in-vitro fertilization of human oocytes and affect the rate of cleavage of rabbit embryos. These adverse effects may be caused by a reduction in follicular fluid pH due to diffusion of carbon dioxide into the follicle. In laparoscopic oocyte retrievals, a negative correlation was observed between duration of CO2 exposure and follicular fluid pH, whereas in ultrasound guided retrievals, the pH remained unchanged. The mean pH in 78 follicles aspirated at laparoscopy was 7.22 +/- 0.03 compared with 7.62 +/- 0.01 in 35 follicles aspirated under ultrasound guidance (P = 0.0003). The results also indicate that oocytes in preovulatory follicles are surrounded by fluid that is more alkaline than plasma. Hence, the acidic environment treated by CO2 may be deleterious to subsequent reproductive function of the oocyte. PMID- 3146586 TI - Immunomodulation by indoleamines: serotonin and melatonin action on DNA and interferon-gamma synthesis by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. AB - Different concentrations of indoleamines, serotonin and melatonin, inhibited phytohemagglutinin stimulated DNA synthesis. Thus, 10(-3) to 10(-4) M of either indoleamine acted at the optimal phytohemagglutinin concentration, while 10(-3) to 10(-7) M acted at suboptimal phytohemagglutinin levels. The serotonin effect was reversed by the serotonergic S1-S2 receptor antagonist methysergide but not by the S2 antagonist ketanserin. This indicates that only the S1 receptor is involved in the inhibitory effect. Inhibition of lymphoproliferation by indoleamines was also exerted on pokeweed mitogen and protein A from Staphylococcus aureus stimulations. Serotonin and melatonin also inhibited phytohemagglutinin and protein A from Staphylococcus aureus induction of interferon-gamma synthesis. The initial uptake of Ca2+ was not affected by indoleamines, suggesting that it is not the mechanism of their inhibitory effects. As interferon-gamma induced tryptophan uptake by T lymphocyte- and macrophage-depleted populations, and tryptophan is the metabolic precursor of serotonin and melatonin, a new immunoregulatory circuit is postulated. PMID- 3146588 TI - Comparison of a fixed and dynamic protocol for embryo replacement in an IVF/ET programme. AB - Implantation after embryo transfer is considered a major obstacle in terms of pregnancy rates after in-vitro fertilization. A flexible approach to the date of replacement, based on the fact that the most suitable embryonic structure for proper implantation is the four- to eight-cell embryo, has been studied. One hundred-and-twenty patients with various aetiologies of infertility were stimulated with HMG or combined HMG and FSH, then treated by three different methods of embryo replacement. In group I embryos were replaced in mothers 48 h after ovum retrieval; in group II replacements were carried out 72 h after retrieval; and in group III replacements were related to embryonic cleavage development. Mean levels of oestradiol when HCG was given averaged 1301 +/- 121 pg/ml, 1016 +/- 96 pg/ml and 1182 +/- 101 pg/ml in the three groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in the average number of embryos transferred among the various groups. The pregnancy rates per transfer were 21.8, 24.2 and 38.7%, respectively (P less than 0.001). Although more investigation is required, a dynamic approach to embryo replacement might significantly improve pregnancy rates, because of improved interactions between the embryos and the uterus. PMID- 3146589 TI - Factors influencing the outcome of successive IVF treatment cycles in attaining a follicular puncture. AB - An analysis has been made on data from 576 cycles in 300 patients regarding the chances of various superovulation protocols attaining a puncture in successive cycles. The cumulative proportion of patients with at least one successful stimulation increased from 77% at the first attempt, to 98% at the fifth attempt. Of the 576 stimulations, 440 (76%) resulted in a puncture. Age, the number of ovaries and the reaction to superovulation induction contribute to the outcome of a cycle, the chances being lowest for older individuals with one ovary and an inadequate reaction in the first treatment cycle. Changing the treatment protocol did not improve the outcome in subsequent gonadotrophin-induced cycles, even if combined with clomiphene citrate. Reasons for cancellation did not tend to recur, although the incidence of dominance and premature stimulation was significantly higher in patients aged greater than 35 years. Age-dependent chances of success were calculated. PMID- 3146590 TI - The importance of an early diagnosis of fertilization disorders. AB - Typical possibilities of abnormal development in human oocytes cultured and fertilized in vitro were studied using phase-contrast microscopy. All oocytes were checked three times for maturity, fertilization and embryo development. A total of 180 non-cleaved oocytes and 30 embryos originating from polypronuclear oocytes are described. It is concluded that an exact inspection at the fertilization check is essential to avoid the transfer of abnormally developing oocytes and embryos. PMID- 3146591 TI - Use of cardiovascular drugs in a long-term facility for the aged. PMID- 3146592 TI - Electromechanical uncoupling in a molluscan muscle examined by the sucrose gap technique. The effect of calcium antagonist and agonist agents. AB - Membrane potential and tension of Busycon radular protractor muscles were studied by sucrose gap methods. Excitation-contraction (EC) coupling was examined in response to acetylcholine (ACh) and high K which depolarized the fibres and induced tension, but without action potential firing. Potassium depolarization did not follow predictions expected from the Nernst equation at low and very high K levels, and maximum tension was found at about 100 mM K. EC coupling was very sensitive to [Ca]0. Ca-free media eliminated K- and ACh-induced tension but with normal depolarization, showing full electromechanical uncoupling. Ionophore A23187 enhanced K- and ACh-induced responses and X-537A enhanced ACh responses, demonstrating acute dependence of activation on [Ca]0 in this muscle. The calcium antagonists nifedipine and nisoldipine reduced tension in the muscle only at very high concentrations, and both agents slightly reduced K- and ACh-induced depolarization. Verapamil reduced K- and ACh-induced tension but paradoxically it enhanced the depolarizing actions of these agents leading to electromechanical uncoupling. Abscisic acid (ABA) enhanced ACh- and K-induced tension and simultaneously enhanced their depolarizing actions. Ionophores and ABA appear to enhance calcium influx which may secondarily influence sodium influx. Calcium antagonists have no consistent actions on this muscle, suggesting that calcium channel activity of the radular protractor may be different from that seen in mammalian visceral muscles. PMID- 3146593 TI - Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on hyaline membrane formation in a rabbit model of the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Sixteen rabbits were anaesthetized and subjected to saline lavage of the lungs to produce surfactant deficiency. This resulted in an arterial oxygen tension of less than 12 kPa on 100% inspired oxygen and an inflection point on the pressure volume curve at a pressure of 8-12 mmHg. After lavage the animals were randomly assigned to receive either conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) with a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 1-2 mmHg (group I - low PEEP) or CMV with PEEP equal to the inflection point pressure (group II - high PEEP). Mean airway pressures were kept at 14-16 mmHg in both groups by increasing the inspiratory:expiratory time ratios in the low PEEP group. The 5-h protocol was completed by 4 animals in group I and 6 animals in group II, early death usually being associated with a metabolic acidosis. On 100% oxygen, the mean PaO2 at 2-h post-lavage was 15.2 +/- 8.3 kPa in group I and 39.6 +/- 21.8 kPa in group II. Group I had much lower end-expiratory lung volumes (3.0 +/- 1.5 ml above FRC) than group II (34.9 +/- 12.2 ml above FRC). Histological examination of the lungs revealed significantly less hyaline membrane formation in group II (p = 0.001). Thus, the prevention of alveolar collapse by the use of high PEEP levels appears to reduce lung damage in this preparation. PMID- 3146594 TI - Influence of norepinephrine administration upon pituitary hormone secretion in normal men. AB - This study has investigated the effects of 6.2, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 ng/kg/min/60 min of NE infused to normal men. Blood samples were obtained every 10 min, before, during and after drug administration for 3 consecutive h. Plasma levels on NE, LH, FSH, PRL, and GH were measured in all samples. The administration of 12.5 ng/kg/min over 60 min of NE induced a significant increase (p less than 0.001) in plasma NE levels (n = 5) from a mean (+/- SE) baseline of 239 +/- 14 ng/L to 706 +/- 54 ng/L which peaked and plateaued at 40 min. The calculated area under the curve was 18562 +/- 3537 ng/L/h of NE and significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than during the h before the infusion (2358 +/- 780 ng/L/h). This increase in plasma NE correlated well with the rise in plasma LH which showed a steady increase from baseline of 7.4 +/- 1.3 mIU/ml to a significant (p less than 0.05) peak of 11 +/- 1.9 mIU/ml at the end of the infusion. Furthermore, analysis of the area under the curve revealed a greater (p less than 0.05) LH release during the NE infusion (180 +/- 18 mIU/ml/h) than before the infusion (92 +/- 17 mIU/ml/h). With the exception of the studies utilizing 12.5 ng/kg/min/60 min, all other doses of NE resulted in no significant and/or consistent changes in plasma concentration of LH, FSH, GH and PRL. Thus, the direct participation of NE in the control of LH secretion in humans seems to occur in a very narrow window. PMID- 3146596 TI - [Circulating anticoagulants of the lupus type and pregnancy]. PMID- 3146595 TI - Effects of theophylline infusion on the growth hormone (GH) and prolactin response to GH-releasing hormone administration in acromegaly. AB - Since theophylline has been shown to blunt the GH response to growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) in normal subjects, we investigated whether the same effect of theophylline administration could be reproduced in patients with active acromegaly. Ten acromegalic patients received on two different days 100 micrograms GHRH iv alone and the same GHRH dose during a constant infusion of theophylline (3.56 mg/min), beginning 2 h before GHRH administration. In the whole group theophylline did not affect basal GH secretion significantly (from a mean of 44.6 +/- 14.4 at 0 min to 41.8 +/- 13.5 ng/ml at 120 min). However, the amount of GH released after GHRH stimulation was lower when theophylline was concomitantly infused (7525 +/- 3709 ng min/ml vs. 12038 +/- 6337 ng min/ml; p less than 0.05). The inhibitory effect of theophylline was not homogeneous, since either marked or minimal reductions of the GHRH-stimulated GH secretion occurred. Serum PRL levels increased after GHRH administration in 6 patients and theophylline infusion had no influence upon this response. Peak GHRH levels were not different in both studies (14.9 +/- 1.7 and 17.1 +/- 4.0 ng/ml, respectively). Free fatty acid levels rose progressively during theophylline administration (from 0.66 +/- 0.10 at 0 min to 1.04 +/- 0.10 mEq/l at 240 min) and were significantly higher than after GHRH stimulation alone from 180 min up to the end of the test. Our results demonstrate that in active acromegaly theophylline blunts the GH response to GHRH, though this effect is not uniformly seen in all patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3146597 TI - Pseudomyocardial infarction and hyperkalemia: a case report and subject review. AB - A case of diabetic ketoacidosis with hyperkalemia and ECG evidence of pseudomyocardial infarction is presented. Electrocardiogram abnormalities resolved shortly after treatment of the elevated potassium. The electrophysiology of hyperkalemia and theories to explain observed ECG changes are discussed. Pseudoinfarction changes that may be peculiar to patients with diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperkalemia are examined. PMID- 3146598 TI - Mycobacterial species responsible for tuberculosis and mycobacteriosis cases in the Czech Socialist Republic, 1981-1985. AB - This study is based on the analysis of nation-wide notification data on the bacteriologically proved mycobacterial infections registered in the national Information System on Bacillary Tuberculosis. Over the 5-year period under study, as many as 2,226 M. tuberculosis isolations were on average reported annually in the country (i.e. 21.6 per 100,000 population), and of these 62.5% were isolations in males, 63.5% were repeated isolations and 87% were isolations from sputum specimens; identification of human of M. bovis infection was reported in 13 patients annually only, mostly in those of higher age categories. The annual average of notified M. kansasii isolations was 138 (1.3 per 100,000 population), repeated isolations of the agent were reported in 66.6% of patients, mostly males 45-54 years old, and 81% of all reports came from an endemic area in the North Moravian Region; notification of positive M. avium-intracellulare isolations occurred in 24 persons annually, in 48% of these repeatedly, M. xenopi isolation was reported in 87 and M. fortuitum/chelonei in 12 cases annually. PMID- 3146599 TI - Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in the rapid diagnosis of gonorrhoea. AB - The diagnostic value of a new, modified enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Gonozyme; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago III) was evaluated for the rapid antigenic detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in endocervical and urethral specimens. EIA results were compared with those of Gram stain (GS) and conventional culture tests. EIA sensitivity and specificity for male patients attending dermatovenerological clinic were 100% and 96.8% respectively in comparison to 86.7% and 96.8% obtained by Gram staining. For female Obstetrics-Gynaecology patients EIA sensitivity of 100% was highly significant compared to 50% sensitivity by the Gram stain. In culture, 30 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated from 125 male specimens and 2 from 105 specimens from females; this suggests a prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae of 24% in males and 1.9% in females. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity testing indicated 55% resistance to penicillin and 43% to ampicillin in these isolated strains; all were sensitive to erythromycin/tetracycline. 12% of the strains were beta-lactamase producers. PMID- 3146600 TI - [Diagnostic value of enzyme immunoassay (Chlamydiazyme) for the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in uterine cervix]. PMID- 3146601 TI - [Species-specific monoclonal antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae: antibody specificities, antigen characterization, and rapid antigenic detection method]. PMID- 3146602 TI - [A successfully treated case of meningococcal meningitis in an adult with complement 7 deficiency]. PMID- 3146603 TI - [Detection of legionella soluble antigen in urine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay--basic studies on antigen detection by ELISA]. PMID- 3146604 TI - [Susceptibilities of recent clinical isolates of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi to chemotherapeutic agents in vitro]. PMID- 3146605 TI - [The phage typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients in Gunma University Hospital]. PMID- 3146606 TI - [Analysis of immunological characteristics of serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae using monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3146607 TI - [A clinicopathological study on opportunistic pulmonary mycoses]. PMID- 3146608 TI - [Serological typing of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subspecies anitratus strains by soft-agar technique]. PMID- 3146609 TI - [Comparative clinical study of CS-807 and cefaclor for bacterial pneumonia by a double-blind method]. PMID- 3146610 TI - Antibodies to HIV-1 in sera from patients with mycobacterial infections. AB - Sera from 478 persons (348 leprosy patients, 33 tuberculosis patients, 29 healthy contacts of leprosy patients, 38 normal healthy Indians, and 30 normal healthy Europeans) were screened for anti-HIV-1 IgG antibodies by ELISA. None was positive. In addition, 132 samples (from 43 leprosy patients, 21 tuberculosis patients, 5 healthy contacts of leprosy patients, 33 normal healthy Indians, and 30 normal healthy Europeans) were also tested by Western blot assay for anti-HIV 1 IgG antibodies. Only 1 of the 63 healthy subjects expressed a prominent p17 band. One or more bands were found in 44 (leprosy patients 33/43, tuberculosis patients 7/21, and leprosy contacts 4/5) of the remaining 69 sera. Antibody to the HIV-1-specific antigen p24 was expressed by 17 of these subjects (14/43 leprosy patients, 1/21 tuberculosis patients, and 2/5 leprosy contacts), either as a single band or in combination with other bands. This raises the possibility of a common antigenic pattern between HIV-1 and mycobacteria, especially Mycobacterium leprae. PMID- 3146611 TI - Repetitive DNA sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: analysis of differential hybridization pattern with other mycobacteria. AB - In order to generate specific DNA probes for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, restriction fragment length analysis was carried out with some of the mycobacterial species that fall within the tuberculosis complex. The presence of specific bands of 5.6 kb and 4.8 kb was revealed in the AluI DNA digest of M. tuberculosis. The hybridization profile of the 5.6-kb AluI DNA sequence, as judged by the Southern blot and dot blot hybridization experiments, revealed the presence of this sequence in M. tuberculosis H37Rv, M. tuberculosis H37Ra, M. bovis BCG as multiple copy and M. kansasii as single copy but this sequence was not present in M. avium, M. smegmatis, or M. vaccae genomes. Genomic clones corresponding to the 5.6-kb AluI fragment from M. tuberculosis H37Rv library made in the lambda gt11 expression vector were isolated. PMID- 3146612 TI - Short-term use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (leuprolide) for in vitro fertilization. AB - A common problem encountered by in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs is the premature occurrence of the spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge during ovarian stimulation cycles. Administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH-a) for 2 to 3 weeks produces a state of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, thus allowing ovarian stimulation to proceed uncomplicated by a spontaneous LH surge. We have elected to treat seven patients with GnRH-a in a "short-term" protocol, with GnRH-a initiated on cycle day 3 along with exogenous gonadotropins. In this series, we found that the spontaneous LH surge was abolished, while ovarian responsiveness seemed to be improved. These results suggest that the initial surge of gonadotropins elicited by GnRH-a administration may enhance ovarian stimulation and that spontaneous LH surge is blocked when GnRH-a and exogenous gonadotropins are initiated concomitantly. PMID- 3146613 TI - Effects of morphine and naloxone on plasma levels of LH, FSH, prolactin and growth hormone in the immature male pig. AB - The effects of acute i.v. administration of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 0.1 micrograms/kg), morphine (3 mg/kg) and/or naloxone (0.5 mg/kg) on LH and FSH secretion was evaluated in young male pigs (approximately 6 weeks old) with venous brachiocephalic cannulae. The effects of morphine and/or naloxone treatments on prolactin and GH were also evaluated. The influence of morphine on hypophysial hormone secretion was also examined 2 days after castration. Animals treated with morphine and/or naloxone were compared with saline-injected control animals. Injection of GnRH induced 400 and 50% increases in LH and FSH respectively. Morphine and/or naloxone did not influence LH secretion in intact or castrated animals. Morphine suppressed (P less than 0.01) FSH levels 40-60 min after injection whereas naloxone had no effect. Castration eliminated morphine induced suppression of FSH. Injection of morphine followed by naloxone resulted in acutely raised (P less than 0.05) FSH concentrations. Morphine induced a threefold increase (P less than 0.01) in prolactin within 30 min of injection and naloxone inhibited the effect of morphine. Levels of GH were increased (P less than 0.01) 20 min after morphine treatment and this increase was delayed when naloxone was given immediately after morphine. Naloxone alone did not affect prolactin or GH secretion. Castration caused increases in LH (P less than 0.05) and FSH (P less than 0.01), did not influence prolactin or GH, and reduced plasma testosterone to undetectable (less than 1.0 nmol/l) levels. These results suggest that in young male pigs the hypothalamic-hypophysial axis is responsive to GnRH and gonadal negative feedback.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3146614 TI - Usefulness of mortality data in determining the geography and time trends of dementia. AB - Fewer than 25% of people diagnosed during life as being demented were found to have this diagnosis coded as the underlying cause of death. In a sample of deaths certified as due to dementia the majority were found to have occurred in long stay institutions. This distorts the geographical pattern of mortality because the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) considers these institutions to be the patient's usual address six months after his admission. Analysis of all certified deaths from dementia during 1968-78 by place of residence shows that areas with a significantly high SMR usually contain a large psychiatric hospital. Changes in diagnostic fashion and in the procedure by which OPCS selects the underlying cause of death have also affected numbers of deaths coded as dementia. Death certificate data are unlikely to be useful in examining either geographical variation or time trends in rates of dementia. PMID- 3146615 TI - Haemostasis contact system and fibrinolysis in hereditary angioedema (C1 inhibitor deficiency). AB - Factors of the classical complement pathway, the contact system and fibrinolysis were evaluated both with functional and immunochemical methods, in patients with inherited deficiency of C1-inhibitor. Evaluations were performed under basal conditions, during acute attacks and during prophylaxis with low doses of anabolic steroids. Patients in the basal state showed no significant abnormalities of any of the parameters that we investigated. During acute attacks a slightly reduced prekallikrein concentration was registered. During treatment with low doses of danazol and stanozolol, protein C and plasminogen were found to be increased. Our data suggest that C1-inhibitor deficiency per se does not lead to a derangement of the fibrinolysis and coagulation contact system, and that the kinin system may be involved during acute attacks of angioedema. PMID- 3146616 TI - Integration of replication-defective R68.45-like plasmids into the Pseudomonas aeruginosa chromosome. AB - R68.45 and other similar broad-host-range (IncP) plasmids carrying a tandem repeat of the 2.1 kb insertion element IS21 mobilize the chromosome of many different Gram-negative bacteria. To analyse the structure of R68.45-chromosome cointegrates, whose involvement in the mobilization process had been postulated previously, we selected for the stable integration of R68.45-like plasmids into the Pseudomonas aeruginosa chromosome. Two plasmids were chosen: pME28, a transfer-deficient, mobilizable RP1 derivative with an inactive replication control (trfA) gene, and pME487, an R68.45 derivative with a trfA(ts) mutation causing temperature-sensitive replication. Chromosomally integrated pME28 and pME487 were found to be flanked by single IS21 elements. This structure is in agreement with a 'cut-and-paste' mode of R68.45 transposition. pME28 and pME487 showed a low specificity of insertion but rarely (less than 0.1%) induced auxotrophic mutations. Hfr (high-frequency-of-recombination) donors of P. aeruginosa could be obtained by chromosomal integration of pME487 or pME28; in the latter case, the transfer functions lacking from pME28 had to be provided in trans on an autonomous plasmid. Hfr donors gave higher conjugational linkage and transferred longer stretches of the P. aeruginosa chromosome than did R68.45 donors. This suggests that the integration of R68.45 into the donor chromosome is short-lived in P. aeruginosa. PMID- 3146617 TI - The hyperventilation syndrome--research and clinical treatment. PMID- 3146618 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity in glioma-bearing patients: differential responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to stimulation with interleukin-2 and microbial antigen. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of malignant glioma-bearing patients were stimulated in vitro with Interleukin-2 (IL-2) or a glucomannan-protein antigen of Candida albicans (GMP) then assayed for proliferation, production of IFN-gamma, and generation of cytotoxic effectors against either K562 tumor cell line or freshly-cultured allogenic glioma cells. PBMC of healthy, age and sex matched subjects were the controls. PBMC of glioma-bearing patients did not differ, as a whole, from PBMC of healthy donors in IL-2 or GMP-induced proliferation. However, they showed a lesser ability to produce IFN as well as a substantial inability to generate cytotoxic effectors following GMP stimulation. PBMC of glioma patients were fully responsive to IL-2 in cytotoxicity generation, as were the PBMC from normal subjects. The results suggest that glioma patients may have a defective antigen-mediated activation of natural cytotoxic effectors. This hyporesponsiveness is not accompanied by depressed lymphoproliferation and does not apparently involve a reduced response to IL-2. PMID- 3146619 TI - Ankle fractures in the elderly: nonoperative or operative treatment. AB - One hundred consecutive patients over the age of 60 years with unstable fractures of the ankle were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty were treated operatively and 50 nonoperatively. The mean follow-up was 7 years (2-16 years). Satisfactory reduction was a prerequisite in both groups. Patient satisfaction with regard to pain, deformity, and stability was significantly better in the operated group. The high proportion of poor final results in the nonoperatively treated group correlated well with malunion and nonunion. PMID- 3146620 TI - The glandular odontogenic cyst: an apparent entity. AB - This article reports 8 examples of a rare cyst of the jaws that appears to be a distinct entity and which we have named glandular odontogenic cyst because of its unusual histopathological features. This lesion occurs over a wide age range in both sexes, tends to recur, and may become very large. However, one example in this series remained small over a period of 9 years; another, somewhat atypical example, was associated with an ameloblastoma. PMID- 3146621 TI - Immunohistochemical analysis of cells in mucosal lesions of oral lichen planus. AB - We immunohistochemically analyzed the immunological background of the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP). Abundant lymphocytes infiltrated OLP mucosal lesions, particularly in satellite cell necrosis (SCN) regions, and cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocytes were predominant in seven of 10 OLP cases. Some carried IL-2 receptors, particularly in SCN. Keratinocytes of the mucosal lesions expressed both HLA-ABC and HLA-DR antigens. This suggests that activated cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocytes may play a major role in cytotoxicity to keratinocytes as effector cells in OLP. OKM1-, OKM5+, HLA-DR+ and IL-1+ cells, vascular endothelial cells and clusters of spindle-shaped or oval cells, which had the same surface characteristics as a monocyte macrophage subset, were abundant and, together with migrating lymphocytes, might play a role in the immune response in mucosal lesions of OLP. PMID- 3146622 TI - Abnormal cellular property of fibroblasts from congenital gingival fibromatosis. AB - Two strains of cultured cells were isolated and characterized from the gingiva of two siblings with congenital gingival fibromatosis. The growth rate of both fibroblast strains was slower than that of comparable cells obtained from the normal gingiva of control individuals. The amounts of substances, including collagen and glycosaminoglycans, biosynthesized by the diseased cells were much greater than those by the control cells from normal gingivae. Namely, 11.7-13.7% of the protein synthesized by diseased cells was collagen, whereas collagen accounted for only 6.1-8.5% of the total protein produced by normal cells. Moreover, the production of a large amount of extracellular substances by the diseased cells was confirmed by electron microscopic examination. These observations suggest that the fibromatosis tissues contain affected fibroblasts which have low growth activity but are active in the production of much greater amounts of collagen and other extracellular substances compared to normal fibroblasts. PMID- 3146623 TI - Spontaneous temporomandibular joint arthropathy in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. AB - The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in spontaneously arthritic MRL lpr/lpr (MRL/l) mice has been histologically analysed. After decalcification and standardized preparation of the joint tissue, histological sections were examined for presence of synovial hypertrophy, synovial villi, pannus tissue, erosions, cysts and signs of periarticular inflammation. In 12 of 13 TMJs examined, histopathological changes indicating a state of arthropathy were found. The most prevalent finding was synovial proliferation, which was frequently detected at the insertion of the synovial membrane to the bone. Two or more signs of inflammatory involvement including synovial proliferation, pannus tissue and bone erosion were seen in 5 mice with a predominance among the oldest mice (greater than or equal to 5 months of age). No lymphocytic cell infiltration was found in the analyzed synovial tissues of the TMJ. In contrast, lymphocytes were observed in the vicinity of periarticular blood vessels and tendons. It is concluded that the TMJ is frequently involved in the arthritic disease of autoimmune MRL/l mice. PMID- 3146624 TI - Immunoelectron microscopical localization of immunoglobulins, secretory component and J chain in the human minor salivary glands. AB - Localization of IgA, secretory component (SC) and J chain was investigated immunocytochemically in minor salivary glands of the lip and palate to define the mechanism involved in the transport of immunoglobulin A (sIgA) into the saliva from the minor salivary glands. SC synthesis was detected in mucous acinar cells and ductal epithelial cells. Free SC is secreted into the saliva through secretory granules in the mucous acinar cells. Dimeric IgA containing J chain is translocated through these cells as sIgA by a SC-mediated transport mechanism involving cytoplasmic vesicles. PMID- 3146625 TI - Cytotoxicity of dental composites and other materials in a new in vitro device. AB - Several in vitro methods have been developed over the years to improve correlation between screening tests and usage tests of dental restorative materials. Pulpal responses to restorative materials in usage tests are usually less severe than are responses of cells either in vitro screening tests or in implantation tests where there is direct contact between experimental materials and vital cells. In the "in vitro pulp chamber" device tested in the present study, dentin disks were interspersed between composite resins (as well as other dental materials) and the medium which served as the nutrient source for the Balb/c 3T3 test cell system. The dentin restricted the diffusion of materials into the "pulp chamber" to clinically relevant levels. The light-cured composite resins (Fulfil and P30), caused depression of protein synthesis only during the first 24 h postpolymerization, when placed on 0.5 mm but not 1.5 mm thick dentin dishes. The chemically-set composites (SILAR and P10) caused no significant inhibition of protein synthesis (as compared to negative controls) at any postpolymerization time on either 0.5 mm or 1.5 mm dentin disks. PMID- 3146626 TI - Idiopathic external resorption of teeth. AB - An unerupted maxillary third molar tooth from a 57-year-old Caucasian male, which showed radiographic evidence of crown resorption, but was otherwise symptomless, was examined post-extraction by light and scanning electron microscopy. (SEM) Appearances of the residual dental tissues were consistent with a diagnosis of an invading external resorption with formation of pulpal granulation tissue, dentinal resorption and some dentinal metaplasia. SEM of crown fragments indicated a generally uniform pattern of enamel resorption, for which the ameloblasts rather than multinucleate cells were implicated. By extrapolation of the activity of the former cells during the late stages of amelogenesis and tooth eruption, it is suggested that resorptive activity of and by enamel epithelium may explain not only the coronal origin of this type of idiopathic resorption, (which is otherwise unexplained), but also its progress into the pulp and the pulp reactions. PMID- 3146627 TI - Gingival pigmentation beneath a metallic crown: light and electron microscopic observations and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. AB - Light and electron microscopic studies and energy dispersive X-ray analysis disclosed that the essential cause of gingival discoloration following the placement of a metallic crown, was marked deposition of melanin pigment. Deposition of melanin pigment was observed in epithelial cells, on basement membranes, and in fibroblasts, macrophages and among intercellular ground substance of the proprial layer. Brown or dark brown colored granules were observed in the deep portion of the proprial layer. Some metallic elements as silver and sulfur were detected. It was presumed that these materials were dental metals accidentally implanted in gingival tissues during the therapeutic procedure. The deposition of melanin pigment closely corresponded with mucosal tissue where these materials were present in the deep portion of the proprial layer. These findings suggested that these materials influenced the physiological metabolism of melanin and induced its pathological deposition in the proprial tissue. PMID- 3146628 TI - Expression of endothelial cell markers PAL-E and EN-4 and Ia-antigens in Kaposi's sarcoma. AB - Eleven biopsy specimens of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) removed from the skin and oral mucosa were examined immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies PAL-E and EN-4, specific for human vascular endothelial cells, and with LN-3 monoclonal antibody reactive with immune-associated (Ia) antigens in the HLA-DR locus. The early lesions of KS, corresponding to the patch phase, contained hyperplastic venules and an increased number of lymphatic capillaries. The lymphatic capillary endothelium was reactive with EN-4, whereas, PAL-E reacted only with blood vessel endothelial cells. The spindle cells, like lymphatic endothelial cells, were non reactive with PAL-E but showed positive reaction with EN-4 antibodies. The observed morphologic pattern of vasculogenesis and the demonstrated immune reactivity in KS support an origin from the venule-lymphatic junction. This is an aberrant pattern but reminiscent of normal embryonal lymphatic channel development. The lymphatic capillaries and vascular slits were nonreactive with LN-3 antibody, but it was positive on cell membranes in a number of spindle cells, suggesting the focal expression of Ia-antigens. PMID- 3146629 TI - The in vitro cytotoxic effect of leukocytes from patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration upon mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. AB - This study compared the in vitro cytotoxic activity against cultured NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from 13 patients with minor recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU), 5 patients with non-aphthous oral ulceration and 23 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Leukocytes from patients with RAU exerted a significantly greater degree of cytotoxicity towards the 3T3 cells than did those of control subjects. This enhanced cytotoxicity was abrogated by depletion of PBL bearing the CD5 antigen (T-lymphocytes). In contrast, PBL from patients with non-aphthous oral ulceration failed to exert an enhanced cytotoxic activity against 3T3 fibroblasts, when compared to PBL from healthy control subjects. It was concluded that PBL from patients with RAU exert a significantly enhanced cytotoxicity towards an unrelated xenogeneic target cell. This activity is a specific feature of RAU and in the assay system described appears to be mediated by T-lymphocytes. PMID- 3146631 TI - Selected abstracts: Biennial Congress of the International Association of Oral Pathologists held in conjunction with the American Association of Oral Pathology. Philadelphia, May 1988. PMID- 3146630 TI - The future of oral pathology and the need for international training guidelines. PMID- 3146632 TI - [Transmitral blood flow velocity patterns evaluated by pulsed Doppler echocardiography in diagnosing transient myocardial ischemia]. AB - To evaluate the influences of transient myocardial ischemia on transmitral blood flow velocity patterns, pulsed Doppler echocardiography was performed during coronary artery occlusion in 10 anesthetized open-chest dogs, and also during esophageal pacing or the administration of dipyridamole in 79 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and in 19 control subjects. During occlusion of the coronary artery, an abrupt decrease in the peak velocity of the rapid filling wave (R) was noted within one min simultaneously with rapid decrease of % wall thickening in the ischemic regions. The peak velocity of atrial filling was augmented compensatorily. Although the transmitral blood flow velocity pattern did not change in the controls with esophageal pacing, changes similar to those which were obtained during experimental studies were demonstrated in CAD patients. There were no significant differences between transmitral blood flow velocity patterns of patients with multivessel disease and those with single vessel disease. Ischemic changes in transmitral blood flow velocity patterns were not demonstrated in patients with mitral regurgitation. Sublingual nitroglycerin normalized post-pacing abnormal blood flow velocity patterns. In contrast, after the intravenous administration of 0.56 mg/kg of dipyridamole, R and A were increased and the A/R ratio was unchanged both in CAD patients and the control groups. Deceleration time, or the half time, was prolonged during both provocation tests in CAD patients, and these changes were transient and were restored within several min. Furthermore, they were noted more frequently than was the development of ST depression on ECG, or chest pain. These findings indicate that the transmitral blood flow velocity patterns obtained by pulsed Doppler echocardiography are useful for detecting transient myocardial ischemia, though they have limitations in diagnosing the extent of coronary artery disease. PMID- 3146633 TI - Recent advances in transdermal delivery systems. PMID- 3146634 TI - Hercon technology for transdermal delivery of drugs. AB - The Hercon controlled drug delivery technology is based on a multi-layered laminated polymeric structure, in which a layer of vinyl chloride copolymer or terpolymer containing the drug is sandwiched between two or more layers of polymeric films. The drug is released from the device at a controlled rate by a process of diffusion through the reservoir and one of the outer layers, which can function as a rate controlling membrane. This basic technology has been successfully utilized for the development and commercialization of Nitroglycerin Transdermal System (NTS, Bolar Pharmaceutical Co., Inc). In vitro and in vivo investigations of transdermal delivery of different other drugs from the Hercon polymeric devices have indicated the feasibility of using this system to meet a variety of therapeutic needs. PMID- 3146635 TI - Tumor necrosis factor and HIV P24 antigen levels in serum of HIV-infected populations. AB - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and HIV P24 antigen levels were determined in the serum of intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs), homosexuals, and patients with lymphadenopathy or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The mean TNF level in the serum of normal controls was 12 +/- 5 compared to 112 +/- 25 pg/ml in the serum of HIV-seronegative asymptomatic IVDAs. This increase of TNF may be due to the variety of infections that these people are exposed to persistently. The mean TNF level in the serum of HIV-seropositive asymptomatic IVDAs was 112 +/- 79 pg/ml, 31 +/- 24 pg/ml in lymphadenopathy, and 55 +/- 19 pg/ml in patients with AIDS. The mean P24 level in the serum of patients with AIDS was 50 +/- 13 pg/ml compared to 0 pg/ml in HIV-seronegative subjects, while the other HIV seropositive groups had relatively low levels. The P24 antigen levels may reflect viral load in these patients. SIL-2R and beta2-microglobulin levels were also elevated in patients with HIV infection . The TNF may play a role in the antiviral activity against HIV virus and in the development of full-blown disease after HIV infection. PMID- 3146636 TI - Antibodies to Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia platys, and spotted fever group rickettsiae in Louisiana dogs. AB - Antibodies to Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia platys, and spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in sera from 27 ill individually owned thrombocytopenic dogs (platelet concentrations less than 200,000 platelets/microliters) and 59 healthy kenneled dogs located in southern Louisiana. Platelet concentrations less than 100,000 platelets/microliters were detected in 63% of ill thrombocytopenic dogs and 6.8% of healthy kennel dogs. One ill thrombocytopenic dog had intracytoplasmic E platys morulae detected within platelets. The prevalence of increased serum antibody titers to E canis and E platys was 25.9% and 40.7% for the ill thrombocytopenic dogs and 20.3% and 54.2% for the healthy kennel dogs, respectively. All dogs with seropositivity to E canis had increased antibody titers of greater than or equal to 1:100 to E platys. Simultaneous examination of increased serum antibody titers (greater than or equal to 1:64) to four SFG rickettsiae indicate that Rickettsia rhipicephali and Rickettsia montana accounted for the majority of the antibodies detected in these dogs. Of 86 dogs tested, 44.2% were seronegative to E canis, E platys, and SFG rickettsiae. PMID- 3146637 TI - Congenital hypothyroidism with raised thyroxine binding globulin. PMID- 3146638 TI - Heart-lung transplant in a 5-year-old. PMID- 3146639 TI - Sequence similarities of the protamine genes: implications for regulation and evolution. AB - With the recent availability of the primary structural data for the trout, bovine, and mouse protamine genes, a detailed comparison of their structures has been made. This has revealed extensive conservation of potentially biologically significant regions. An inverse correlation is apparent between gene copy number and the number of sequence-distinct protamines synthesized with the number of CP box-like (CCYPCCC) putative transcription modulating sequences situated 5' to these genes. A common nucleotide sequence 5' to the CP-box-like putative transcription modulating sequence(s) at the end of a common region has been identified. It is postulated that this is the testis-specific protamine P1 transcription regulator sequence. Evidence based on sequence similarity is also provided for the existence of a primordial protamine gene and a scheme for the evolution of vertebrate protamine genes is proposed. PMID- 3146640 TI - Subrepeats within the BR1 beta repeat unit in Chironomus pallidivittatus can be classified into different types depending on codon usage. AB - A new type of repeat unit was isolated from Balbiani ring 1 of Chironomus pallidivittatus and designated BR1 beta repeat. It consists of a constant and a subrepeated part, like previously described units belonging to the core blocks of the BR genes. The subrepeated part contains 10-codon subrepeats with an arrangement similar to the subrepeats of the previously described BR2 beta gene. The present unit differs from earlier reported core units firstly in a much lower number of copies (about 15) per genome, which are tandemly arranged. Secondly, the number of subrepeats per BR1 beta repeat unit can show great variations. On the basis of the pattern of codon usage, three types of subrepeats can be distinguished. One type lies 5'-proximal in the subrepeat array and consists of variable numbers of subrepeats almost identical at the nucleotide level. The last complete subrepeat represents another type, with consistent differences in codon usage as compared to subrepeats of the proximal type. Finally, there is an intermediate type represented by the subrepeat preceding the distal one. Here, codon characteristics from proximal and distal subrepeats are mixed in a patchy and irregular way. The evolution of the arrays can be understood either as being the result of subrepeat formation in two steps (occurring before and after amplification of whole repeat units) or as the result of a continuous process in which there is evidence for participation of gene conversion. PMID- 3146641 TI - The compositional distribution of coding sequences and DNA molecules in humans and murids. AB - The compositional distributions of coding sequences and DNA molecules (in the 50 100-kb range) are remarkably narrower in murids (rat and mouse) compared to humans (as well as to all other mammals explored so far). In murids, both distributions begin at higher and end at lower GC values. A comparison of homologous coding sequences from murids and humans revealed that their different compositional distributions are due to differences in GC levels in all three codon positions, particularly of genes located at both ends of the distribution. In turn, these differences are responsible for differences in both codon usage and amino acids. When GC levels at first + second codon positions and third codon positions, respectively, of murid genes are plotted against corresponding GC levels of homologous human genes, linear relationships (with very high correlation coefficients and slopes of about 0.78 and 0.60, respectively) are found. This indicates a conservation of the order of GC levels in homologous genes from humans and murids. (The same comparison for mouse and rat genes indicates a conservation of GC levels of homologous genes.) A similar linear relationship was observed when plotting GC levels of corresponding DNA fractions (as obtained by density gradient centrifugation in the presence of a sequence specific ligand) from mouse and human. These findings indicate that orderly compositional changes affecting not only coding sequences but also noncoding sequences took place since the divergence of murids. Such directional fixations of mutations point to the existence of selective pressures affecting the genome as a whole. PMID- 3146642 TI - The effects of guanine and cytosine variation on dinucleotide frequency and amino acid composition in the human genome. AB - One hundred twelve human DNA sequences were analyzed with respect to dinucleotide frequency and amino acid composition. The variation in guanine and cytosine (G + C) content revealed: (1) at 2-3 and 3-1 doublet positions CG discrimination is attenuated at high G + C, but TA disfavor is enhanced, and (2) several amino acids are subject to G + C change. These findings have been reported in part for collections of sequences from various species. The present study confirms that in a single organism--the human--the G + C effects do exist. Aspects of the argument that connects G + C with protein thermal stability are also discussed. PMID- 3146644 TI - Studies on the sites expressing evolutionary changes in the structure of eukaryotic 5S ribosomal RNA. AB - We have determined the complete sequences of 5S rRNAs from a lamprey (Lampetra reissneri), a lancelet (Branchiostoma belcheri), silkworms (Philosamia cynthia ricini, Bombyx mori, Antheraea pernyi), and a silkworm hybrid (artificially fertilized hybrid species of Philosamia cynthia ricini male x Bombyx mori female), as well as those of cotton seeds (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Having compared more than 170 eukaryotic 5S rRNAs of which seven sequences have been determined by our group as mentioned above, we have found that the "evolutionary sites" that exist at special locations in these structures are closely related to the evolution of eukaryotes. The changes proceed step by step in an orderly way, i.e., the change in nucleotide residues of the "evolutionary sites" depends on the order of the evolution of the species and shows group-specific patterns. PMID- 3146643 TI - Ancient origin of lactalbumin from lysozyme: analysis of DNA and amino acid sequences. AB - Parsimony trees relating DNA sequences coding for lysozymes c and alpha lactalbumins suggest that the gene duplication that allowed lactalbumin to evolve from lysozyme preceded the divergence of mammals and birds. Comparisons of the amino acid sequences of additional lysozymes and lactalbumins are consistent with this view. When all base positions are considered, the probability that the duplication leading to the lactalbumin gene occurred after the start of mammalian evolution is estimated to be 0.05-0.10. Elimination of the phylogenetic noise generated by fast evolution and compositional bias at third positions of codons reduced this probability to 0.002-0.03. Thus the gene duplication may have long preceded the acquisition of lactalbumin function. PMID- 3146645 TI - Evolutionary relationship and secondary structure predictions in four transport proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The comparison of the amino acid sequences of four yeast transport proteins indicates that there is a questionable relatedness between the uracil permease (FUR4) and the purine-cytosine permease (FCY2), whereas the arginine permease (CAN1) and the histidine permease (HIP1) clearly originated from a common molecular ancestor. The analysis of the primary structure of these transport proteins by two methods of secondary structure predictions suggests the presence of 9-12 membrane-spanning alpha-helices in each polypeptide chain. These results are concordant in that 90% of the alpha-helices were determined by both methods to be at the same positions. In the aligned sequences HIP1 and CAN1, the postulated membrane-spanning alpha-helices often start at corresponding sites, even though the overall sequence similarity of the two proteins is only 30%. In the aligned DNA coding sequences of CAN1 and HIP1, synonymous nucleotide substitutions occur with very similar frequencies in regions where the replacement substitution (changing the amino acids) frequencies are widely different. Moreover, our data suggest that the replacement substitutions can be considered as neutral in the N-terminal segment, whereas the other regions are subject to a conservative selective pressure because, if compared to a random drift, the replacement substitutions are underrepresented. PMID- 3146648 TI - Arm circumference as an index of protein-energy malnutrition in six- to eleven month old rural Tanzanian children. PMID- 3146649 TI - Undernutrition and altered T-cell homeostasis in children with severe chest diseases. PMID- 3146646 TI - Evolution of the EF-hand calcium-binding protein family: evidence for exon shuffling and intron insertion. AB - The evolutionary history of the intracellular calcium-binding protein superfamily is well documented. The members of this gene family are all believed to be derived from a common ancestor, which, itself, was the product of two successive gene duplications. In this study, we have compared and analyzed the structures of the recently described genes coding for these proteins. We propose a series of evolutionary events, which include exon shuffling and intron insertion, that could account for the evolutionary origin of all the members of this superfamily. According to this hypothesis, the ancestral gene, a product of two successive duplications, consisted of at least four exons. Each exon coding for a peptide (a calcium-binding domain) was separated by an intron that had mediated the duplication. Each distinct lineage evolved from this ancestor by genomic rearrangement, with insertion of introns being a prominent feature. PMID- 3146647 TI - On the early evolution of RNA polymerase. AB - The lines of evidence suggesting that RNA preceded double-stranded DNA as an informational macromolecule are briefly reviewed. RNA polymerase is hypothesized to have been one of the earliest proteins to appear. It is argued that an important vestige of the original enzyme is found in the contemporary eubacterial beta' subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and its homologues among the archaebacterial and eukaryotic enzymes. The evidence that supports a catalytic role in replicase activity of this polypeptide is reviewed. It is suggested that several characteristics of the Escherichia coli transcriptional apparatus are relatively recent evolutionary developments. The phylogenetic importance of the eubacterial beta' subunit from RNA polymerase and its homologues is emphasized, because it allows the study of the evolutionary relationships of the major cellular lines (eubacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes) as well as of some viral lineages. PMID- 3146650 TI - Plasma and leukocyte zinc and copper levels in patients with protein energy malnutrition. PMID- 3146651 TI - The nutritional status of breast-fed infants in a rural Peruvian community. PMID- 3146652 TI - Diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 3146653 TI - Infection with delta agent in Pakistan. Introduction of a new hepatitis agent. PMID- 3146654 TI - Oesophagitis--a study in 301 patients. PMID- 3146655 TI - A correlation between various spirometric variables and peripheral leucocyte count. PMID- 3146657 TI - Acute renal failure after open heart surgery in developing countries. PMID- 3146656 TI - A prospective randomised comparison of simple ligation and stump invagination during appendicectomy in Africans. PMID- 3146659 TI - A patient of vivax malaria and enteric fever presenting as a case of jaundice with leukaemoid reaction. PMID- 3146658 TI - Tc-99m DTPA dynamic renal scintigraphy in the evaluation of renal transplants: the importance of perfusion index in the diagnosis of renal allograft rejection. PMID- 3146660 TI - Norfloxacin in wound infections. PMID- 3146661 TI - [Clinical evaluation of platelet scintigraphy using indium-111 oxine]. PMID- 3146662 TI - Effects of combination of vasodilator drugs and hypertonic solutions on methotrexate distribution into the rat brain. AB - The present experiments were designed to find a method to facilitate methotrexate (MTX) transfer into rat brain tissue. Adult male Wistar-Kyoto strain rats, anesthetized with pentobarbital-Na, received an infusion of the drug solution to be tested into the right internal carotid artery (5 ml/min, 30 sec) 5 min before injection of MTX (7 mg/kg). After 10 min, the MTX levels in the cerebral hemispheres were estimated as a peak height ratio unit of MTX vs. the internal standard by high performance liquid chromatography. MTX was undetectable in either hemisphere after the pretreatment with saline alone or 15% mannitol saline. The MTX levels in the right hemisphere were about 10 after the pretreatment with 20% mannitol-saline, while MTX was undetectable in the left hemisphere. In contrast, the MTX levels in the right hemisphere were dose dependently increased to about 25, 130 and 60, 100, respectively, when nitroglycerin (NTG, 2.5 or 7.5 micrograms/rat) or nicardipine-HCl (NIC, 1.25 or 2.5 micrograms/rat) was administered together with 20% mannitol-saline. These vasodilator drugs, however, had no effect when tested in combination with saline or 15% mannitol-saline. It is assumed that an increase in cerebrovascular blood flow induced by NTG or NIC enhances the MTX transfer into the brain once the blood brain barrier is opened by hypertonic solutions. PMID- 3146663 TI - Role of protein kinase C in the vesicular release of acetylcholine and norepinephrine from enteric neurons of the guinea pig small intestine. AB - The involvement of protein kinase C in the release of [3H]acetylcholine (ACh) and [3H]norepinephrine (NE) was studied in strips of guinea pig small intestine. 12-O tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), but not 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate (4 alpha-PDD) potentiated the A23187-evoked release of [3H]ACh and [3H]NE from the strips of small intestine preloaded with [3H]choline and [3H]NE, and the potentiating effect of TPA was inhibited by polymyxin B. High K+-evoked releases of [3H]ACh and [3H]NE in the presence of tetrodotoxin were also potentiated by TPA. These TPA-induced potentiations of the evoked release were greater at a low concentration of external Ca2+ (0.5 mM) than at a high concentration (2 mM). Ouabain induced the release of these neurotransmitters both in the absence and presence of the low concentration of external Ca2+. The ouabain-evoked release was not altered by TPA. These results indicate that the activation of protein kinase C potentiates the vesicular release of ACh and NE at low Ca2+ concentration from the nerve terminals of enteric neurons in the guinea pig small intestine. PMID- 3146664 TI - [Slow recovery of the end-tidal PCO2 after hyperventilation provocation test in hyperventilation syndrome (HVS)]. PMID- 3146665 TI - [Orthotopic heart-lung xenotransplantation using primates]. PMID- 3146667 TI - [Positive effect of nitroglycerin in patients with combined mitral valve defects]. PMID- 3146666 TI - Superovulation response of upgraded indigenous Philippine goat (Capra hircus). PMID- 3146668 TI - Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in MRL/MPJ-LPR (lymphoproliferation) mice. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine (a) whether mice bearing the single autosomal recessive gene lpr (lymphoproliferation) are more susceptible to encephalitozoonosis than syngeneic mice without the lpr gene and (b) whether infection with Encephalitozoon cuniculi in autoimmune MRL/MPJ mice accelerates and/or exacerbates the development of hypergammaglobulinemia, a manifestation of encephalitozoonosis in dogs and foxes. The results suggested that the lpr gene does not influence susceptibility to murine encephalitozoonosis. Infection with E. cuniculi changed neither the onset nor the severity of the spontaneous, age related hypergammaglobulinemia in MRL/MPJ mice. Hypergammaglobulinemic lpr mice with encephalitozoonosis did not develop more severe lesions than lpr mice without encephalitozoonosis nor was their death accelerated. PMID- 3146669 TI - The influence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi on neural tissue responses to implanted biomaterials in the rabbit. AB - Laboratory rabbits are commonly used for testing the tissue response of neural device biomaterials. Rabbits of many colonies in the U.S. are infected by the intracellular microsporidian parasite, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, with rates of infection ranging from 15 to 76% (1). Several authors have suggested that infection by this parasite may alter immune system response and experimental results. We report that infection by E. cuniculi made the interpretation of results more difficult and altered the animals' responsiveness to implanted platinum wires coated with various polymers such as glow discharge methane, Parylene C, or polyimide. Edema, neuronal and glial reaction, and inflammatory responses to the coated wires were quantitated at four sites in each animal. Inconsistency of response in all measured parameters was found, both between animals and between sites in infected animals. Infected animals showed the greatest variability, primarily in the degree of inflammatory reaction. Parylene C was found to induce the most severe inflammatory reaction, an unexpected finding. No consistent reaction to any of the coating materials was found in this study. We believe that this variability in response was primarily due to infection by E. cuniculi. Our results suggest that rabbits should not be used for tissue compatibility testing of neural device biomaterials until the animals are free of E. cuniculi infestation as demonstrated by serologic screening. PMID- 3146671 TI - When does an adaptation become a disease? PMID- 3146672 TI - Influence of a beta-adrenergic agonist on septic shock-induced alterations of phosphatidylcholine metabolism in rat lung. AB - Changes in surfactant function play an important part in the pathogenesis of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Since beta-adrenergic agonists have been shown to exert a decisive influence on surfactant secretion, we studied the effect of fenoterol on lung phospholipid metabolism under conditions of experimental sepsis. Fenoterol administered to live rats increased the incorporation of choline into lung tissue by 80% in normal, by 35% in septic animals. It had no comparable effect on palmitate incorporation. It increased the activity of choline kinase in control animals, but had no additional effect on animals with increased values due to sepsis. Phosphotransferase activity diminished during sepsis was stimulated, and phospholipase activity reduced. Fenoterol restored phosphatidylcholine to normal levels in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage and prevented lysophosphatidylcholine generation. Fenoterol also increased the amount of palmitate in phosphatidylcholine from bronchoalveolar lavage in septic animals. The results imply that a beta adrenergic agonist influences the conditions of lung phospholipid metabolism altered by sepsis towards normal. PMID- 3146670 TI - A versatile means of intracellular labeling: injection of biocytin and its detection with avidin conjugates. AB - Biocytin is a biotin-lysine complex of low molecular weight containing about 65% biotin, which retains a high affinity for avidin. Since the latter molecule has been conjugated to several histochemical markers, the use of biocytin as an intracellular marker was investigated. Electrodes were filled with a solution of 4-6% biocytin dissolved in 0.5 M KCl and 0.05 M Tris buffer, pH 7-7.6. Neurons were recorded intracellularly in the supraoptic nucleus of an explant preparation of the rat supraoptico-neurohypophysial system and injected for 1-20 min with either hyperpolarizing or depolarizing current. Following variable recovery times, the explants were fixed in either 10% formalin or 4% paraformaldehyde overnight, sectioned on a vibratome, and incubated with the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) or avidin which had been conjugated to fluorescein, rhodamine, Texas Red or horseradish peroxidase and containing 1% Triton-X 100. A high percentage of injected neurons were recovered using each of the labels with about equal success. Both negative or positive current injection could be used with little electrode clogging. Labeling with fluorescent conjugates was qualitatively similar to that of Lucifer Yellow, whereas labeling with avidin coupled to horseradish peroxidase or with ABC was qualitatively similar to filling neurons directly with horseradish peroxidase. The advantages of this technique are the ease of injection of biocytin and the versatility in allowing the investigator to choose among light-emitting and light-absorbing images. PMID- 3146673 TI - Effect of body weight on the volume of distribution of theophylline. AB - The volume of distribution (Vd) of theophylline and the relevant aminophylline loading dose (LD) are usually calculated on the basis of total body weight (TBW). In obese subjects it has been suggested that lean or ideal body weight (IBW) is the best predictor. In a sample of 40 acutely ill asthmatic patients (aged 22 to 78 yr, weighing 45 to 176 kg) we measured Vd and found that (1) it increases with TBW, (2) it cannot be accurately predicted from either TBW or IBW alone by a simple regression analysis. Power functions have been usefully applied in comparing the pharmacokinetics of animal species, including humans, with different body mass. In our sample, data were best fitted by the equation Vd = 1.29 TBW 0.74, which seems to take care of lean as well as obese patients. Results were confirmed (r = 0.89 between predicted and measured values) in a second independent sample of patients (aged 26 to 77 yr, weighing 38 to 167 kg). This helps to minimize the error in obtaining the target serum concentration of theophylline when giving a LD calculated from a predicted Vd value. PMID- 3146674 TI - Airway inflammation and peribronchiolar attachments in the lungs of nonsmokers, current and ex-smokers. AB - To determine the effect of smoking cessation on the number and type of inflammatory cells in the walls of the small airways, we examined the lungs of 13 lifetime nonsmokers, 25 patients who had stopped smoking for at least 6 months, and 49 current smokers. We found that, compared to nonsmokers, both ex-smokers and current smokers had significantly increased numbers of total inflammatory cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the walls of the membranous, but not the respiratory bronchioles. These differences were found even when there was no emphysema present in the gross lung specimen, and current and ex-smokers were matched with the nonsmokers for age. The current and ex-smokers had similar numbers and types of inflammatory cells in the airway wall, and in both current and ex-smokers there was no difference in inflammatory cell number or type when the groups were subdivided based on emphysema score less than or greater than 5. Analysis of peribronchiolar alveolar attachments showed an increase in percentage of alveoli destroyed associated with an increased interalveolar distance in both the current and ex-smokers, which did not change with the presence of emphysema. Pulmonary function was similar in the current and ex-smokers, and the group with emphysema showed greater functional abnormalities compared to the group with little or no emphysema. We conclude that the cigarette smoking habit induces a stereotypical inflammatory response in the small airways. This inflammatory response does not abate after smoking cessation, and in this cross-sectional study, appears to be independent of the presence or absence of emphysema, but related to destruction of the peribronchiolar alveolar attachments. PMID- 3146676 TI - Changes in phospholipids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with interstitial lung diseases. AB - We analyzed phospholipids of human bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from patients with interstitial lung diseases; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), sarcoidosis, and eosinophilic granuloma (EG) and compared them to those of normal subjects. The content of phospholipid/ml of BAL fluid was significantly decreased in IPF. There was a significant decrease in phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and an increase in phosphatidylinositol (PI) in IPF but not in sarcoidosis and EG. Thus, the PG to PI ratio was significantly decreased in IPF. The dipalmitoyl species of phosphatidylcholine (PC) was found to be significantly decreased in IPF and sarcoidosis by molecular species analysis using high performance liquid chromatography. In contrast, the unsaturated species were increased in these diseases. The decrease in dipalmitoyl PC appeared to be a common feature in interstitial lung diseases. The changes in phospholipids in BAL fluids, especially decreases in DPPC and PG to PI ratio in IPF, appear to indicate that damage of alveolar Type II cells and/or of metabolic disturbance in pulmonary surfactant occurs in IPF. PMID- 3146675 TI - PaO2 increases with coughing in patients with chronic lung disease. AB - We considered if the cyanosis frequently observed during a cough attack in patients with chronic lung disease was due to worsening hypoxemia. To investigate the effects of cough on PaO2, we measured arterial blood gases before and after a voluntary coughing period of 45 sec, in 11 patients with Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) and 14 patients with Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD). All patients significantly increased (p less than 0.05) their PaO2 (COPD: from 49 +/- 2 to 60 +/- 2 mmHg; ILD from 44 +/- 2 to 51 +/- 3 mmHg, mean +/- SD) and decreased their PaCO2. We conclude that stable patients with COPD and ILD increase their PaO2 with coughing most likely due to hyperventilation. The cyanosis observed could be due to peripheral circulatory effects of coughing. PMID- 3146677 TI - Maximal expiratory flow in the guinea pig. AB - Using the whole body plethysmograph, the maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve was performed in anesthetized-paralyzed guinea pigs with intact chest (n = 7) and in anesthetized, chest-open animals following exsanguination (n = 13). The pressure-volume (PV) curve was also measured. Before and after the MEFV and PV maneuvers, lung volume was determined with a neon dilution method. Peak maximal expiratory flow (Vmax) of 178 +/- 7 ml/sec occurring at 83% TLC. After the peak flow, Vmax decreased gradually with reducing lung volume. The Vmax-static recoil pressure curve was relatively linear up to PL = 5 cmH2O. Density-dependence of Vmax (helium-Vmax was significantly higher than air-Vmax) was found at or above 60% TLC but not at lung volume below 60% TLC. For the chest-open postmortem guinea pig, Vmax and TLC decreased while trapped gas volume increased gradually with time after exsanguination, indicating that bronchoconstriction gradually became more severe. The magnitude of this postmortem airway spasm was related to age and anesthetic used. PMID- 3146678 TI - Hypolactasia in the pathogenesis of diarrhoea in children infected with giardia intestinalis. PMID- 3146679 TI - A trial of assessment of ulcerative colitis treatment with the preparation Nalcrom (disodium cromoglycate). PMID- 3146680 TI - Cobalt-activated acylase (AA-Co) activity in experimental liver carcinogenesis in rats. Part I. Chronic poisoning by dimethylaminoazobenzene. PMID- 3146681 TI - Molecular phylogeny and evolution of primate mitochondrial DNA. AB - We determined nucleotide sequences of homologous 0.9-kb fragments of mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) derived from four species of old-world monkeys, one species of new-world monkeys, and two species of prosimians. With these nucleotide sequences and homologous sequences for five species of hominoids, we constructed a phylogenetic tree for the four groups of primates. The phylogeny obtained is generally consistent with evolutionary trees constructed in previous studies. Our results also suggest that the rate of nucleotide substitution for mtDNAs in hominines (human, chimpanzee, and gorilla) may have slowed down compared with that for old-world monkeys. This evolutionary feature of mitochondrial genes is similar to one found in nuclear genes. PMID- 3146682 TI - "Silent" sites in Drosophila genes are not neutral: evidence of selection among synonymous codons. AB - The patterns of synonymous codon usage in 91 Drosophila melanogaster genes have been examined. Codon usage varies strikingly among genes. This variation is associated with differences in G+C content at silent sites, but (unlike the situation in mammalian genes) these differences are not correlated with variation in intron base composition and so are not easily explicable in terms of mutational biases. Instead, those genes with high G+C content at silent sites, resulting from a strong "preference" for a particular subset of the codons that are mostly C-ending, appear to be the more highly expressed genes. This suggests that G+C content is reduced in sequences where selective constraints are weaker, as indeed seen in a pseudogene. These and other data discussed are consistent with the effects of translational selection among synonymous codons, as seen in unicellular organisms. The existence of selective constraints on silent substitutions, which may vary in strength among genes, has implications for the use of silent molecular clocks. PMID- 3146683 TI - Immunoblotting analysis of anti-rickettsial antibodies produced in patients of Tsutsugamushi disease. AB - The reactivity of sera from patients of Tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) with the antigenic polypeptides of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi was analyzed by the immunoblotting method. The reactivity varied greatly among the sera of individual patients tested. IgG and IgM antibodies of most patients reacted with the 54-56 kilodalton (54-56K) polypeptide located on the rickettsial surface, suggesting that this polypeptide is a predominant antigen in the infection. Other polypeptides of 60K, 50-52K, 46-47K, 35K, and 21-25K were reactive with some but not all sera. From the reactivity of these polypeptides, it was suggested that the 54-56K polypeptide is both strain-specific and group-specific, the 60K polypeptide is group-specific, and the 35K and 21-25K polypeptides are subgroup specific. IgG antibodies seem to be more cross-reactive with polypeptides of multiple strains than IgM antibodies and have a tendency of increased cross reactivity that was observed in the sera obtained at the later stage of illness. PMID- 3146686 TI - [A case of preoperative esophageal cancer developing lobar pneumonia due to MRSA infection of the catheter]. AB - The 65-year-old male patient of esophageal cancer before operation suffered from lobar pneumonia. Bacteriological examination identified MRSA in his sputum and catheter tip. None of the cefem type antibiotics were effective, but CLDM and MINO were so much effective against that. We studied 47 cases of esophageal cancer which received operation last year. In many bacteria which were identified in the sputum and pus, MRSA occupied 30% as well as Pseud. aeruginosa. In the preoperative period enteral nutrition (ED) may be acceptable, if possible, as nutritional support alternative to TPN. PMID- 3146684 TI - Selective effect of mannitol-induced hyperosmolality on brain interstitial fluid and water content in white matter. AB - We studied the effect of mannitol-induced hyperosmolality on brain interstitial fluid (ISF) by autoradiography. Adult cats underwent intracerebral infusion of the extracellular marker, 14C-sucrose. Nine animals were given 2g/kg of mannitol intravenously, and another nine animals without mannitol were controls. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) osmolalities were measured. After 2 hr the brains were removed for determination of water and electrolyte content and for preparation of the autoradiograms. Diffusion coefficients were calculated for intracerebral transport with equations for radial diffusion. We found that mannitol increased the plasma osmolality but did not affect that of the CSF. Water and potassium contents were significantly lower in the white matter of mannitol-treated animals than in controls. Diffusion was reduced in the direction of gray matter into the white matter. We conclude that lower doses of mannitol control CSF pressure by selectively removing water from white matter, reducing the CSF volume, and affecting molecular transport at the gray/white interface. PMID- 3146687 TI - The promoter of the beta-glucosidase gene from Kluyveromyces fragilis contains sequences that act as upstream repressing sequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The relationship between the promoter length of the Kluyveromyces fragilis beta glucosidase gene and the level of its expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied by gene fusion between deleted promoter fragments of various lengths and the promoterless beta-galactosidase gene of Escherichia coli. The removal of a region from position -425 to -232 led to a tenfold increase in the expression of the gene. The same results were obtained for the reconstructed beta-glucosidase gene with the same promoter length. It is likely that the deletion of this part of the promoter removes negative regulatory elements which are functional in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This increase in activity is the main event which may explain the high increase in gene expression (60-fold) previously observed for an upstream deletion obtained during subcloning experiments of the beta-glucosidase gene. It is also shown that the expression of the gene greatly depends upon the nature of the recipient strain, the growth phase of the cell and that of the vector carrying it. PMID- 3146685 TI - The combined effects of hypertension, hemodilution, and osmotherapy on the metabolic sequelae of acute experimental cerebral ischemia. AB - The effects of induced hypertension, hemodilution, and osmotherapy (mannitol) have been assessed singly and in combination on the metabolic sequelae 2 hr after middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in the anesthetized rat. All regimes that included hypertension and monotherapy with mannitol significantly reduced the rise in hemispheric lactate produced by vessel occlusion. No treatment caused increase cerebral edema, and mannitol produced a slight reduction in the hemisphere water content. The significance of the results is discussed. PMID- 3146688 TI - Reductive methylation of lysine residues of botulinum neurotoxin types A and B. AB - Reductive methylation of botulinum neurotoxin (NT) serotypes A and B at various ratios of protein to reagent modified up to 75% of the lysine residues. Amino acid analysis of the modified proteins (HCl hydrolysed) confirmed selective modifications of lysine. The derivative N,N-dimethyl lysine was more abundant than monomethyl lysine; trimethyl lysine was not detected. Distribution of modified lysine residues among the heavy and light chains (Mr approximately 100,000 and approximately 50,000, respectively) of the dichain type A NT (Mr approximately 150,000) was approximately proportional to the lysine contents of the two subunit chains of the NT. Toxicity (mouse lethality) and serological reactivity (polyclonal antibody) of serotype A NT were not (or insignificantly) damaged following methylation of up to 72 lysine residues. Modification of 3 additional residues caused precipitous loss in toxicity. Toxicity of serotype B NT, unlike type A, appeared more sensitive to lysine modification. The large number of lysine residues that can be methylated without damaging toxicity of type A NT can be exploited to a) radiolabel the dichain protein exclusively in one chain keeping the other chain unlabelled, b) restrict the number of tryptic cleavage sites of the NT, and c) tag the protein with various markers or reactive ligands. PMID- 3146689 TI - Glycogen phosphorylase 'b' in Dictyostelium: stability and endogenous phosphorylation. AB - The slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum has two forms of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase. The inactive phosphorylase 'b' form requires 5' AMP for activity and is present in early development. The active phosphorylase 'a' form is 5' AMP independent and occurs during later development. We here show that the 92 kd 'b' enzyme subunit exists either as a singlet or a doublet upon SDS-PAGE, depending on the method of sample extraction. In the presence of exogenously added Mn2+ and ATP, the phosphorylase 'b' shows apparent conversion into a 5' AMP independent form as measured by enzyme activity. In addition, Mn2+ and ATP also support an in vitro phosphorylation of the 92 kd phosphorylase 'b' subunit. We also demonstrate phosphorylation of the 'b' enzyme subunit in vivo by 32-P incorporation into the enzyme protein. A protein kinase responsible for the observed in vitro phosphorylation of the phosphorylase 'b' subunit is characterized. PMID- 3146690 TI - [Reaction of poly(ADP)-ribosylation of histone H1 in the presence of P1,P4-bis(5' adenosyl)tetraphosphate and its phosphonate analogs]. AB - Effects of P1,P4-bis(5'-adenosyl)tetraphosphate and its phosphonate analogs on the ADP-ribosylation of H1 catalyzed by bovine testis ADP-ribose polymerase was investigated. Analogs App[CH(COCH3)]ppA and Ap[CH2]pppA as well as Ap4A inhibited poly(ADP)-ribosylation of histone H1 and at the same time accepted the ADP ribosyl moiety of NAD. It was shown that inhibition of ADP-ribosylation of histone H1 is due to the competition of nucleotides with histone H1 for accepting ADP-ribosyl moiety of NAD on the one hand, and alteration of acceptor properties of the histone H1 on the other. PMID- 3146691 TI - Cysteine residues in the zinc finger and amino acids adjacent to the finger are necessary for DNA binding by the LAC9 regulatory protein of Kluyveromyces lactis. AB - LAC9 is a positive regulatory protein that controls transcription of the lactose galactose regulon in Kluyveromyces lactis. LAC9 is homologous to the GAL4 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both proteins have a single "zinc finger" which plays a role in DNA binding. We previously hypothesized (L. V. Wray, M. M. Witte, R. C. Dickson, and M. I. Riley, Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:1111-1121, 1987) that the DNA binding domain of the LAC9 protein consisted of the zinc finger as well as a region of amino acids on the carboxyl-terminal side of the zinc finger. In this study we used oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis to introduce 13 single-amino acid changes into the proposed DNA-binding domain of the LAC9 protein. Variant LAC9 proteins carrying an amino acid substitution in any one of the four highly conserved Cys residues of the zinc finger had reduced DNA-binding activity, suggesting that each Cys is necessary for DNA binding. Three of four variant LAC9 proteins with amino acid substitutions located on the carboxyl-terminal side of the zinc finger had reduced DNA-binding activity. These results support our hypothesis that the DNA-binding domain of the LAC9 protein is composed of the zinc finger and the adjacent region on the carboxyl side of the zinc finger, a region that has the potential to form an alpha-helix. Finally, LAC9 proteins containing His residues substituted for the conserved Cys residues also had reduced DNA-binding activity, indicating that His residues are not equivalent to Cys residues, as had been previously thought. PMID- 3146693 TI - The six amino-terminal amino acids of p60src are sufficient to cause myristylation of p21v-ras. AB - We have used oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis to replace the N-terminal amino acids of p21v-ras with residues which mimic the amino terminus of p60v-src. p21v ras protein possessing only the first five amino acids of p60src was not myristylated, while substitution of residue 6 (serine) produced a protein p21(GSSKS) which incorporated [3H]myristic acid that was stable to hydroxylamine, sensitive to inhibitors of protein synthesis, and found in both the normally nonacylated precursor and mature forms of p21(GSSKS). This defines the minimum framework of the p60v-src myristylation signal (glycine 2 and serine 6) and identifies serine 6 as a crucial part of that signal for myristylation of a protein in vivo. PMID- 3146692 TI - Key features of heat shock regulatory elements. AB - The promoters of heat shock protein genes are among the best-studied inducible eucaryotic promoters. Regions responsible for heat regulation have been identified previously by deletion experiments with several different heat shock genes. In this paper the critical importance of two novel features of heat shock regulatory elements was investigated. First, the elements were modular and, as a consequence, displayed a characteristic 5-nucleotide periodicity produced by multiple GAA blocks that were arranged in alternating orientations and at 2 nucleotide intervals. Functional heat shock regulatory elements appeared to include three or more of these blocks. Second, the nucleotides at the two positions immediately upstream from GAA segments played an important role in defining the competence of regulatory elements. PMID- 3146695 TI - Immunomodulatory effect of synthetic peptides corresponding to sequences within the CH2 and CH3 domain of human IgG1. AB - The Fc region of IgG is known to be the source of small peptides possessing immunomodulatory function. Results are summarized showing the effect of synthetic peptides composed of surface exposed residues of C gamma 2 or C gamma 3 domains on different steps of human B lymphocyte activation cycle. Both the CH2 (289Thr 301Arg) and CH3 (407Tyr-416Arg) peptides as well as the whole Fc fragment enhanced the IgM synthesis of PWM or PMA + CaI activated lymphocytes. This effect was exerted at the early phase of B cell activation. The incubation of separated resting B cells with Fc fragments or CH2 peptides resulted in increase of cell volume and in expression of HLA-DR antigen. On the other hand, LIF production was induced both by CH2 and CH3 peptides. It was also shown that Fc peptides induce IL-1 release from monocytes. The results suggest that the CH2 and CH3 domain peptides exert their effect partly directly, by activating resting B cells, rendering the cells more susceptible to other stimuli; and moreover, by enhancing the humoral response by triggering the release of IL-1. PMID- 3146694 TI - A reduced rate of bulky DNA adduct removal is coincident with differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells induced by nerve growth factor. AB - Human SY5Y neuroblastoma cells which were differentiated in culture by treatment with 7S murine nerve growth factor for 5 weeks and selection with aphidicolin (L. Jensen, Dev. Biol. 120:56-64, 1987) demonstrated a considerably slower rate of removal of DNA adducts of benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]pyrenediolepoxide, and N7 methylguanine than did undifferentiated mitotic cells. A dramatic decline in unscheduled DNA synthesis induced by UV radiation was similarly observed. DNA polymerase beta and uracil DNA glycosylase were unchanged after differentiation, DNA polymerase alpha and DNA methylase decreased roughly threefold, and total apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease activity increased roughly threefold after treatment. PMID- 3146696 TI - [Exercise-induced asthma--protection with disodium cromoglycate alone and in combination with fenoterol]. PMID- 3146697 TI - Involvement of tumor necrosis factor in cytotoxicity mediated by human monocytes. AB - Human monocytes cultured in a specially prepared medium free of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) constitutively produced a small, though significant, amount of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Upon addition of LPS, the amount produced remained constant until the LPS concentration reached 1-10 ng/ml, whereupon the production of TNF dramatically increased, eventually becoming 100-fold greater than when the LPS concentration was below 1 ng/ml. Priming the monocytes with recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) before LPS exposure resulted in a 2- to 10-fold increase in TNF production, the highest relative increase being obtained at lower LPS concentrations and in the absence of LPS. Monocyte-produced TNF appears to be the effector molecule in monocyte-mediated killing of some target cell types, since antiserum against recombinant TNF inhibited killing of both actinomycin D-treated and untreated WEHI 164 cells by human monocytes. However, it also appears that TNF may not in all cases be an effector molecule in monocyte mediated killing, since cytolysis of K562 cells mediated by IFN-gamma/LPS activated monocytes was not inhibited by antiserum against recombinant TNF. Antiserum which was raised against a monocyte-derived cytotoxic factor and which neutralized recombinant TNF did, however, inhibit monocyte-mediated cytolysis of K562 cells, suggesting that an extracellular factor, perhaps related to TNF, was also involved in monocyte-mediated killing of K562 cells. A TNF-like activity was associated with the monocyte surface membrane, since paraformaldehyde-fixed monocytes expressed cytotoxic activity which was neutralized by antiserum against recombinant TNF. Fixed monocytes activated with rIFN-gamma in addition to LPS before fixation were generally more cytotoxic than those exposed to LPS alone, and those exposed to LPS were much more cytotoxic than those not exposed to LPS. Thus it is possible that high local TNF concentrations may be generated near the target cell upon direct contact between effector and target cells, and that also monocyte-associated TNF may in this way be involved in monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 3146698 TI - Lowered susceptibility of K-562 cells treated with gamma interferon in serum-free medium to natural killer cell-mediated cytolysis. AB - K-562 cells grown in serum-free medium were treated with gamma interferon (IFN gamma) and they became significantly less susceptible to natural killer (NK) cell mediated cytolysis. To examine if this loss in susceptibility was related to induced differentiation events, the presence of various antigens was determined after induction. There was a coincident expression of class I HLA common antigen, although it is not clear if this is a direct causal relationship. The level of the constitutively expressed myelomonocytic antigen, reactive with anti-Leu-M1, was not affected by IFN-gamma induction and three normally nonexpressed monocytic antigens, defined by monoclonal antibodies, remained unexpressed. IFN-gamma did induce an enhanced expression of IL-2 receptors on K-562 cells after 2 days of treatment but, thereafter, the expression appeared to be suppressed. Electron microscopy of IFN-gamma-treated cells revealed the development of increased surface blebbing and electron-dense cytoplasmic inclusions. These ultramicroscopic changes could not be correlated with definitive differentiation events. We suggest that IFN-gamma treatment of K-562 cells induces class I HLA expression and morphological changes that may be important to differentiation events that render the cells less susceptible ot NK-mediated cytolysis. PMID- 3146699 TI - Effect of various stimulators on arachidonic acid metabolites from guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 3146700 TI - Seedborne fungi of sesame (Sesamum indicum L) in Sierra Leone and their potential aflatoxin/mycotoxin production. AB - Sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L) from four different geographic locations in Sierra Leone were sampled for their mycoflora. Three toxigenic Aspergillus species: A. flavus Link ex Fries, A. ochraceus Wilhelm, and A. tamarii Kita were common to all samples. Penicillium citrinum Thom and two Fusarium sp. were found in samples from two localities. The mycotoxins aflatoxin B1 and G1, ochratoxin A and B, and citrinin were positively identified. PMID- 3146701 TI - Comparison of some screening methods for aflatoxigenic moulds. AB - Thirty seven strains of the Aspergillus flavus group isolated from animal mixed feeds have been screened for their ability to produce aflatoxins in yeast extract and sucrose (YES), aflatoxin producing ability (APA), and coconut agar medium (CAM) media. The concentration and detection of the aflatoxins by different methods is compared. Five known aflatoxin-positive and one aflatoxin-negative strains have been used as controls. Only 5 out of the 37 strains (13.5%) were aflatoxin-producers in YES medium. Of these five strains and the five known aflatoxin-positive strains, only three showed blue fluorescence in APA medium and four in CAM medium. Generally, the aflatoxin concentration in CAM medium was higher than in YES and APA media. Using the 'agar-plug method' and by direct spotting of the YES broth on TLC plates, some aflatoxin-producing strains were not detected. PMID- 3146702 TI - Preliminary studies on the mechanism of infection and characterization of Malassezia pachydermatis in association with canine otitis externa. AB - A study on the mechanism of infection and the characterization of Malassezia pachydermatis in connection with canine otitis externa was conducted. The ability of this yeast to grow uninhibited in intimate contact with the diversity of other microbial isolants of the canine aural canal was demonstrated. Canine cerumen seemed to promote the growth of this yeast. Although the source of infection is still obscure, M. pachydermatis managed to survive in soil and dust at different temperatures for four weeks. Among the commonly used diagnostic media, Sabouraud's dextrose agar was shown to be the most supportive for the growth of this yeast. PMID- 3146703 TI - High-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein AI and AII turnover in moderate and severe proteinuria. AB - The kinetic parameters of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its major apolipoproteins (Apo) AI and Apo AII were studied in 2 patients with moderate and severe proteinuria and 2 normal controls after intravenous injection of autologous 125I-HDL. The fractional catabolic rates (FCR) of HDL estimated by urine/plasma radioactivity ratio, and FCR of Apo AI and Apo AII calculated from the radioactivity decay curves were higher in the patients. These results support the concept that high-density lipoproteinuria and renal parenchymal sequestration of HDL found in the nephrotic syndrome contribute to accelerated HDL catabolism. PMID- 3146704 TI - Caloric supplements for patients on low-protein diets? AB - Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCMN) in patients suffering from chronic renal failure treated with a low-protein diet (LDP) is generally considered to be the major adverse effect of such a diet. One cause of PCMN might be that these protein-restricted diets do not supply enough energy, although all of them are supposed to provide at least 35 kcal/kg body weight (BW). In order to test this hypothesis, we analyzed the hypothetical protein and energy intake of a patient on different LPDs. The food intake of such a patient was simulated by analyzing the average composition of 28 complete daily menus. The daily menus simulating 9 dietary schedules (0.3 g protein/kg BW; n = 6; 0.6 g protein/kg BW; n = 3) were taken from 5 different German cookery books. Our analysis revealed that only 2 schedules supplied enough energy. All others were deficient in energy by about 500 kcal/day. The deficiency occurred to the same extent in schedules for diets providing 0.3 and 0.6 g of protein/day. Therefore we conclude that PCMN in patients on LPDs is often due to an insufficient energy supply. The use of less protein-restricted diets does not necessarily prevent PCMN, as also these diets may be low in calories. Thus the use of caloric supplements, e.g. wine or polysaccharides, and correct dietary counseling by a skilled dietitian are recommended. PMID- 3146705 TI - [Treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with TRH]. AB - In view of earlier reports in the literature it was tried to use TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone) in cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. TRH was given during 3 weeks once daily intravenously in drip infusions in a 0.4 mg dose. For objectivization of the results the muscle power was assessed using a five-grade scale of Lovette. TRH effect on EMG was analysed also. It was found that in only 3 out of 14 patients with moderately progressed disease no improvement was achieved, while in 11 cases the improvement was from 10 to 20%. However, the improvement was transient, and TRH treatment failed to stop the progression of the disease. PMID- 3146706 TI - [Neurologic complications in organophosphate insecticide poisoning in children]. AB - The authors report three cases of poisoning with organic phosphate compounds in children. The first case presented a complex of late signs in the form of toxic polyneuropathy, and two had an acute course. The observation confirmed the view that an at least 7-day hospital stay and 4-week follow-up are necessary in view of great fluctuations in the level of cholinesterase which is often not correlated with the clinical status. PMID- 3146707 TI - The effects of thioctic acid on motor nerve terminals in acrylamide-poisoned rats. AB - Acrylamide causes a distal neuropathy by combining with and depleting glutathione and other sulphydryl-containing compounds in axons and nerve terminals. This results in damage to the axon membrane and impaired efficiency of synaptic vesicle recycling. The changes may be assessed by staining nerve terminals in muscle with zinc iodide and osmium, a technique which depends upon the presence of sulphydryl compounds for the development of the stain. The present experiments were designed to test whether thioctic acid, itself a sulphydryl-containing compound, could protect against acrylamide-induced damage of motor nerve terminals. In vitro and in vivo experiments on acrylamide-poisoned rats showed that thioctic acid was able to maintain the integrity of the nerve terminal membrane, as shown by the ability of the terminals to develop 'spontaneous' sprouts and to stain with the zinc iodide osmium technique. Thioctic acid treatment also enhanced recovery after partial denervation of muscles in both normal and acrylamide-poisoned animals. The results suggest that thioctic acid is itself able to react with the acrylamide before the latter has a chance to bind and deplete axonal and nerve terminal glutathione. PMID- 3146709 TI - Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of sodium valproate on primary cultured rat hepatocytes. AB - Primary cultured rat hepatocytes were used to study the cytotoxicity of sodium valproate (VPA). Cytotoxicity was monitored by measurement of leakage of intracellular enzymes into the culture medium: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT). The effects of D,L-carnitine and albumin administration on the cytotoxicity were evaluated. LDH leakage rose with an increasing dose of VPA. Administrations of D,L-carnitine and albumin reduced VPA hepatotoxicity. Our data suggest that VPA induced hepatotoxicity is dose-related and may be modulated by serum carnitine and albumin levels. PMID- 3146708 TI - Focal dendritic swellings in Purkinje cells in mucopolysaccharidoses types I, II and III. A Golgi and ultrastructural study. AB - Focal dendritic swellings in secondary dendrites of Purkinje cells were observed in post-mortem samples of the cerebellum processed by the Golgi method from three patients affected by mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) types I-H, II and III. These focal dendritic swellings exhibited smooth surfaces but secondary formation of spine-like appendages was absent; in contrast, terminal, spiny branchlets were preserved. Complementary electron-microscopical examination of these samples revealed that membranous cytoplasmic bodies and zebra-like inclusions accounted for the material stored in these focal swellings in MPS I-H and MPS II; in addition, granulomembranous cytosomes with fine, densely-packed membranous profiles were encountered in MPS III. Focal dendritic swellings in Purkinje cells may result in abnormal electrical activity, thus producing informational imbalance on the Purkinje cell dendritic arborization in human mucopolysaccharidoses. PMID- 3146710 TI - Cerebral blood flow, computerized tomography and angiography in 562 cases of cerebrovascular insufficiency. AB - The measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in addition to cerebral computerized tomography (CT) and angiography is most reliable in cases of transient ischemic attacks (TIA) and prolonged reversible ischemic neurologic deficits (PRIND). Alterations of CBF can be detected in symptom-free intervals. The cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 stimulus is regarded as an especially suitable tool to prove the cerebrovascular reserve. If it is diminished, cerebral angiography should be carried out since it will often show major obstructive lesions. Angiography shows no sure correlation between CBF and collateral circulation. Strong opthalmic pathways in unilateral occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) often coincide with compensated or only slightly alterated CBF and relatively small infarcts in CT. In about 70% of cases of ICA occlusion, CT shows an infarct mostly in region of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Largest infarct volumes were found in the anterior area. Although resting CBF was normal in 55% of cases of unilateral ICA occlusion, CO2 reactivity was impaired in 68% of these Cases. PMID- 3146711 TI - The influence of magnetic resonance tomography on diagnosis and therapy in patients with intracranial manifestation of neurofibromatosis (Recklinghausen disease). AB - Recent research into the natural course of neurofibromatosis has revealed an outstandingly high proportion of central nervous system malignancies as well as cancers of various other organs. Due to the lack of ionizing radiation, the extraordinary reconstruction in the frontal and parasaggital planes as well as the diagnosis of intracanalicular acoustic neurinomas and intraorbital tumors, magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) is indicated for control of patients with neurofibromatosis. PMID- 3146712 TI - [Use of a therapeutic scoring system in the intensive care of severe traumas]. PMID- 3146713 TI - Renal replacement therapy in patients with diabetic nephropathy, 1980-1985. Report from the European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry. AB - Diabetic nephropathy, a rarely listed cause of end-stage renal failure (ESRF) among patients starting renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the early seventies, has progressively gained in importance and become one of the major reasons for the continuous growth of the patient population on RRT in most European countries. Amongst new patients commencing RRT in 1985, the acceptance rate varied between 3 and 12 per million population for type I diabetes mellitus and between one and four per million population for type II diabetes mellitus. Nordic countries, particularly Sweden and Finland, had the highest acceptance rate of young patients with type I diabetes mellitus whose median ages were 38-42 years. In most central and southern European countries the median age of patients with type I diabetes mellitus varied between 50 and 58 years. The high number of young patients with type I diabetes mellitus and ESRF in Nordic countries point to a different natural history of this disease. It cannot be excluded, however, that the higher median age in other countries might result from doctors mistakenly diagnosing type I disease in patients with type II disease who need insulin treatment. Patients with type II diabetes mellitus had a similar age distribution at start of RRT throughout Europe and their median ages clustered around 60 years in most countries. The contribution of haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplantation was analysed for diabetic compared to non-diabetic ESRF. Despite large geographical differences in the proportional use of methods of treatment, a general trend to apply CAPD more frequently in diabetic as compared to non-diabetic patients was observed, and this was true for countries with both predominant haemodialysis and predominant transplant programmes. Transplantation without prior dialysis was performed in 17% of Swedish and 30% of Norwegian patients with type I diabetes mellitus. In order to better explain the mortality of patients with diabetic ESRF, the proportional distribution of causes of death was analysed. Myocardial ischaemia and infarction was confirmed to be the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus on RRT. The coronary death rate was estimated to be 10 times greater in young patients with type I diabetes mellitus as compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. Other cardiovascular as well as infectious causes were recorded in a similar proportion of deaths in diabetics as in non-diabetics. Cancer deaths, however, appeared to be definitely less frequent in patients on RRT due to diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 3146714 TI - Role of interstitial infiltration of leukocytes in glomerular diseases. PMID- 3146715 TI - Enhancement of renal function by a long-acting somatostatin analogue in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. AB - The effect of the long-acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 on renal function was investigated in nine cirrhotic patients with ascites, low urine output, low serum sodium, and normal serum creatinine. SMS 201-995, infused at 40 micrograms/h for 2 h, produced a significant increase in urine volume, a significant decrease in urine osmolality, and a significant increase in creatinine clearance. These changes, although less pronounced, persisted 24 h after the infusion of the analogue. No significant changes in free water clearance, urinary sodium excretion or serum sodium were noted. The effects of SMS 201-995 might be attributed to an improvement of renal haemodynamics through inhibition of vasoconstrictor systems acting in cirrhosis. It is concluded that SMS 201-995 may have a role in the treatment of the renal abnormalities complicating liver disease. PMID- 3146716 TI - Captopril-enhanced 99mTc DTPA scintigraphy in the detection of renal-artery stenosis. AB - The value of captopril-enhanced 99mTc DTPA scintigraphy as a screening test for renovascular disease was prospectively studied in 44 hypertensive patients suspected to have renal-artery stenosis. Renal impairment (plasma creatinine greater than 130 mumol/l) was present in 29 patients. At angiography 13 patients had unilateral stenosis, two bilateral stenosis, and 29 patients had no renovascular disease. Captopril induced a fall in split renal function in the kidney ipsilateral to the stenosis in all patients with unilateral disease (mean 52 +/- 23% to 44 +/- 21% of total renal function; P less than 0.001). A positive captopril scintigram (defined as a fall of 5% or more in split renal function) had a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 72% in the detection of unilateral renal-artery stenosis. Captopril-enhanced 99mTc DTPA scintigraphy is a promising non-invasive screening test for the detection of renal-artery stenosis. PMID- 3146717 TI - Hepatic macrophage function in schistosomal glomerulopathy. AB - Hepatic fibrosis in the pathogenesis of schistosomal glomerulopathy cannot be explained by any positive influence of hepatocellular injury. In order to examine the potential role of impairment of hepatic macrophage function, the t1/2 plasma clearance of 99mTc-sulphur colloid was studied in 30 patients with schistosomal glomerulopathy, ten normal volunteers, ten cases of uncomplicated intestinal schistosomiasis, ten non-schistosomal cirrhotic patients and ten non-schistosomal nephrotic patients. Liver and renal biopsies were obtained from appropriate groups and examined by light microscopy and glomerular immunofluorescence. There was a significant correlation between t1/2 of sulphur colloid clearance and proteinuria, mesangial hypercellularity, and predominance of IgA glomerular deposits. These data indicate that hepatic macrophage dysfunction is an important factor in the pathogenesis of schistosomal glomerulopathy, and that IgA plays a major role in advanced glomerular lesions. The degree of impairment of hepatic macrophage function may influence the pattern and severity of glomerular lesions depending upon the affection of IgA clearance mechanisms. PMID- 3146718 TI - Enhanced gastrointestinal absorption of aluminium in uraemia: time course and effect of vitamin D. AB - The present study examines the time course of aluminium absorption in uraemic rats vs controls and investigates the effect of vitamin D. Following an oral load of 410 mumol aluminium there was a significant increase in the urinary excretion rate of aluminium as early as 60 min in uraemic rats. Compared with controls this increase was significantly greater in uraemic animals and maximum excretion rates (77 +/- 49 vs pre-load 2 +/- 1 nmol Al/h) were achieved after 2 h. When vitamin-D deficient rats with normal renal function were compared with vitamin-D-replete controls, the latter excreted a significantly greater amount of the oral dose of aluminium in their urine (727 +/- 361 vs 359 +/- 140 nmol Al/5d; P less than 0.02) and the post-load increase in the serum aluminium concentration was more pronounced in the vitamin-D-replete animals. Aluminium administered i.v. resulted in similar urinary aluminium excretion rates in both groups. In uraemic rats, however, regardless of their vitamin D status, administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 had no effect on the amount of urinary aluminium excretion after oral or i.v. loads. These findings suggest that although in rats with normal renal function aluminium absorption appears to be partly vitamin D dependent, 1,25(OH)2D3 does not further augment the enhanced gastrointestinal absorption of aluminium in uraemia. PMID- 3146719 TI - Reduction of blood pressure retards the progression of chronic renal failure in man. AB - The effect of blood pressure reduction on the progression rate of chronic renal failure (CRF) was studied in 28 patients with CRF of diverse aetiology entering a prospective study (observation time 7-24 months, mean 16 months). Endogenous creatinine clearance was 12-66 ml/min (mean 30 +/- 3 ml/min). We aimed to keep the blood pressure below 160/90 mmHg. Dietary protein was not restricted. The progression rate of CRF was assessed from the regression coefficients of the regressions of creatinine clearance and the inverse of s-creatinine, respectively, on time. Progression rate and the means of all recordings of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and urinary protein excretion, respectively, in each patient during the prospective phase were compared with retrospective data from the proceeding period (observation time 4-25 months, mean 19 months). The patients received various combinations of antihypertensive drugs including diuretics, beta-blockers and vasodilatory drugs. In 19 patients MAP decreased from 109 +/- 2 to 102 +/- 2 mmHg (group I), whereas MAP increased from 105 +/- 2 to 108 +/- 2 mmHg in nine patients (group II). In group I proteinuria was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) and the progression of CRF was approximately 50% slower (P less than 0.01) in the prospective phase than in the retrospective phase; no changes were observed in group II. Calculated for all patients, significant correlations were observed between the change in MAP and the change in progression rate and protein excretion, respectively. These results indicate that lowering of blood pressure results in decreased proteinuria and retardation of the progression of CRF irrespective of the aetiology. PMID- 3146721 TI - Changes in blood acetaldehyde concentrations during acetate haemodialysis. AB - Hyperacetataemia during acetate haemodialysis has been associated with the development of a variety of unpleasant symptoms, although a direct toxic effect of acetate is hard to prove. Acetaldehyde, which is produced during the metabolism of ethanol to acetate, has various toxic effects including some of those reported during acetate dialysis such as nausea, headache and palpitations. Using a novel, recently developed method we studied blood acetaldehyde concentrations during acetate dialysis in 15 patients and found significant increases in five, with a mean peak value in these patients of 1.36 mumol/l (normal less than 0.4 mumol/l). These five patients also developed high blood acetate concentrations during a subsequent acetate dialysis and showed a significant correlation between blood acetaldehyde and acetate concentrations (r = 0.55, P less than 0.05). Blood acetaldehyde did not change during bicarbonate dialysis in these patients. Our results suggest that significant accumulation of acetaldehyde may occur during acetate dialysis, especially in those patients whose metabolic capacity for acetate is somehow impaired, and that acetaldehyde may contribute to some of the symptoms previously ascribed to 'acetate' intolerance. PMID- 3146720 TI - Tissue uptake of 125I-beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-M) in anephric animals in the presence or absence of aluminium intoxication. AB - In long-term haemodialysis patients a new type of amyloidosis composed of beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2-M) has recently been described. The amyloid deposition has a particular predilection for articular structures. In the pathogenesis of this complication markedly elevated plasma beta 2-M concentrations, such as those observed in anuric patients, have a role. However, other as yet ill-defined factors must also be implicated, possible candidates being aluminium intoxication and the widely used regenerated cellulose (cuprophan) membrane. In the present experimental study, we examined tissue distribution of exogenous beta 2-M after i.v. injection of 125I-beta 2-M to bilaterally nephrectomised rats. One hundred and twenty minutes after injection, most radioactivity remained in the vascular compartment. The accumulation in tissues was weak, and no predilection for a particular tissue became apparent. Interestingly, chronically aluminium overloaded, acutely anephric rats accumulated a significantly greater amount of 125I-beta 2-M in their spleens than anephric rats without prior aluminium intoxication. We then attempted to induce beta 2-M amyloid deposition in rats and mice, some of whom had undergone chronic aluminium intoxication and subcutaneous implantation of regenerated cellulose fragments for various periods of time. They were subsequently made anephric to obtain high plasma beta 2-M concentrations. None of the animals developed beta 2-M amyloidosis in spleen, liver, skin and mechanically altered joint synovium. In conclusion, chronic aluminium intoxication enhances splenic accumulation of exogenous 125I-beta 2-M in anephric rats. The factors required to form beta 2-M-amyloidosis in vivo have still to be defined. PMID- 3146722 TI - Circulating 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol after intravenous injections of 1 alpha hydroxycholecalciferol in patients on regular haemodialysis. AB - The formation of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D3) after single intravenous injections of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1 alpha-OHD3) was examined in four patients with chronic renal failure on regular haemodialysis. Following 1-3 micrograms 1 alpha-OHD3, administered at weekly intervals, 1,25 (OH)2D3 appeared in the circulation within 1 h, and peak concentrations were reached between 2 h and 5 h. By 8 h serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 concentrations had started declining and by 44 h they had returned to baseline after 1 microgram 1 alpha OHD3, but they were still above basal after 2 and 3 micrograms by an average of 30 pmol/l. One week after injections, concentrations were back to basal in all patients studied. The serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 dose response to injected 1 alpha-OHD3 was linear, indicating ample capacity of the liver 25-hydroxylase to further hydroxylate 1 alpha-OHD3. However, examination of the individual responses revealed lower increments in serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 concentrations in the patients with the highest basal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Intravenous 1 alpha-OHD3 may be useful in the further study of the interactions between 1,25 (OH)2D3, calcium and PTH in chronic renal failure, as well as of the hepatic metabolism of vitamin D. PMID- 3146723 TI - Magnesium hydroxide as a complementary aluminium-free phosphate binder to moderate doses of oral calcium in uraemic patients on chronic haemodialysis: lack of deleterious effect on bone mineralisation. AB - To control hyperphosphataemia without hyperaluminaemia, A1(OH)3, which was given in addition to high doses of oral calcium, was replaced by Mg(OH)2 for 6 months in 20 haemodialysed patients and for 20 months in 12. The treatment during the control period was 110 +/- 91 mmol/day of oral calcium element given as CaCO3 and/or Calcium Sorbisterit and 1.05 +/- 1.47 g/day of A1(OH)3. Haemodialysis treatment was 4 h, thrice weekly. To prevent hypermagnesaemia, dialysate magnesium was decreased from 0.75 mmol/l to 0.375 mmol/l. After a control period of 3 months, Mg(OH)2 was given at a mean dose of 2.6 +/- 2 g/day and oral calcium supplements were decreased to 76 mmol/day. Two subsequent bone histomorphometry studies were performed at 8 month intervals in four patients and at 20 month intervals in seven patients. The results show a good control of plasma calcium (mean +/- SD: 2.43 +/- 0.1 mumol/l); phosphate (1.76 +/- 0.4 to 1.66 +/- 0.3 mmol/l); aluminum (1.3 +/- 0.1 mumol/l to 0.6 +/- 0.1 mumol/l); alkaline phosphatase (135 +/- 65 to 125 +/- 40 IU); and PTH fragments (PTH C terminal decreased from 260 +/- 214 to 185 +/- 182 pg/ml, PTH medium from 4185 +/- 5113 to 2270 +/- 4880 pg/ml). Plasma magnesium increased from 0.96 +/- 0.2 to 1.54 +/- 0.2 mmol/l. Bone histomorphometry shows no change in mineralisation, and a borderline decrease of resorption parameters. The main side-effects are (1) diarrhoea, which was well controlled by transient treatment with karaya gum, and (2) an increased need for potassium binders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3146724 TI - Human recombinant erythropoietin in anaemic patients on maintenance haemodialysis. Secondary effects of the increase of haemoglobin. AB - Twelve anaemic patients on haemodialysis were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin, starting with 72 IU/kg/week. The dose was doubled after 2 weeks until an increase of 2 g/dl of haemoglobin was observed. The effects on various parameters were studied during a 3-month period. Haemoglobin increased from 6.70 +/- 0.74 to 10.49 +/- 1.04 g/dl (mean +/- SD, P less than 0.001), potassium from 5.51 +/- 0.50 to 6.06 +/- 0.65 mmol/l (P less than 0.005), phosphate from 1.78 +/ 0.40 to 2.17 +/- 0.40 mmol/l (P less than 0.001) and the calcium phosphorus product from 4.3 to 5.2 (P less than 0.001). Three patients developed marked periarticular inflammation due to calcified deposits with a high calcium phosphorus product of 6.8. An increase in arterial blood pressure was observed in three previously well-controlled hypertensive patients, one of whom developed hypertensive encephalopathy. We conclude that recombinant human erythropoietin is very effective in treating the anaemia of end-stage renal failure on haemodialysis. Regular estimations of serum potassium and phosphate are mandatory. In hypertensive individuals a further increase in blood pressure is possible. PMID- 3146725 TI - Neutrophil oxygen radical production by dialysis membranes. AB - The ability of different dialysis membranes to activate polymorphonuclear neutrophil oxygen radical production was investigated with chemiluminescence. All the six membranes, namely cuprophan, cellulose acetate, polycarbonate, polysulphone, polyacrilonitrile and polymethylmethacrylate were able to interact with neutrophils and stimulate their oxygen radical production, the highest responses being seen with polyacrilonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate and polycarbonate. To analyse the role of complement in this interaction, fresh plasma, heat-inactivated and zymosan-activated plasma were added: with fresh plasma oxygen radical production was stimulated on cuprophan, cellulose acetate and polysulphone, not modified on polycarbonate, and decreased on polyacrilonitrile and polymethylmethacrylate. With heat-inactivated plasma, the responses were decreased or abrogated on all the membranes except polycarbonate and polymethylmethacrylate, whereas with zymosan-activated plasma similar responses to fresh plasma were observed. In addition, when plasma was used to precoat the membrane, cuprophan, cellulose acetate and polysulphone disclosed an enhanced neutrophil oxidative burst, while precoated polyacrilonitrile and polymethylmethacrylate were less stimulatory than uncoated membranes. In contrast the precoating of polycarbonate did not modify oxygen radical production. These data suggest that neutrophil activation occurs by direct membrane-neutrophil interaction. Plasmatic factors modulate this interaction but complement seems involved on cellulosic and polysulphone membranes only. Therefore, it appears that oxygen radicals produced from contact of neutrophils with the dialysis membrane might play an initial and/or additional role in the events occurring at the initiation of haemodialysis. PMID- 3146726 TI - High- and low-dose regimens of cyclosporin in renal transplantation: immunosuppressive efficacy and side-effects. AB - The immunosuppressive effectiveness and nephrotoxic side-effects of either high dose cyclosporin (CsA) (16 mg/kg per day) or low-dose (9 mg/kg per day) in combination with azathioprine (Aza) (1 mg/kg per day) were studied in 80 renal transplant patients who also received low-dose corticosteroids. At 3 months, patients who received high-dose CsA were randomly assigned to either continuation of CsA or conversion to Aza, whereas in the triple-therapy group either CsA or Aza was discontinued. No differences in patient (97.5%) or graft survival (90% 92.5%) were found at 1 year. There were no differences in the incidence of primary non-functioning kidneys. The incidence of acute rejection episodes was 45% in the high-dose CsA group and 55% in the group treated with low CsA doses together with Aza (not significant). At 3 months the mean creatinine clearance was 60 +/- 4 ml/min (mean +/- SEM) in the high-dose group (mean cumulative CsA dose 0.96 g/kg) compared with 55 +/- 3 ml/min in the low-dose group (mean cumulative CsA dose 0.60 g/kg). At 1 year no differences in the degree of proteinuria or the incidence of hypertension was found between the different groups. The best mean creatinine clearance at 1 year (77 +/- 5 ml/min) was found in patients who received high doses of CsA for 3 months followed by conversion. PMID- 3146727 TI - Controlled trial of azathioprine and cyclosporin to prevent anti-HLA antibodies due to third-party transfusion. AB - The beneficial effect of elective transfusion on renal allograft survival must be weighed against the risks of sensitisation. We report a randomised controlled trial in which patients in end-stage renal failure who were non-parous and not previously transplanted or transfused, were entered in a transfusion protocol during which one group received no drugs (controls), one received azathioprine, and one received cyclosporin. Each group was given three identical transfusions of leucocyte-enriched fresh blood at 2-3 week intervals. The transfused blood was of known HLA type and donor/recipient pairs were completely mismatched. Sensitisation rates were assessed by T and B cell cross-matches between donor and recipients and by the screening of all sera against lymphocytes from 40 random donors. Fifty-one patients have completed the protocol, 20 in the control group, 12 in the azathioprine group, and 19 in the cyclosporin group. The sensitisation rate in the control group was 30%, occasionally of high titre, and persistent. In the azathioprine group, 25% developed anti-HLA antibodies and reactivity was of high titre and was broadly specific. Sensitisation in the cyclosporin group was 10%, was narrowly specific, reacting with only 10% of a panel, and was transient. There was no difference in graft survival between the groups. We conclude that cyclosporin therapy concurrent with third-party transfusion reduces the incidence, titre, and duration of sensitisation. PMID- 3146728 TI - Scleroderma renal crisis in a pregnant woman with late partial recovery of renal function. PMID- 3146729 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome transmitted by transplanted kidney: clinical course during maintenance haemodialysis. AB - We describe the clinical course of a 39-year-old man who developed AIDS during maintenance haemodialysis. The infection had been transmitted by cadaveric kidney transplantation from a donor with a history of i.v. drug abuse. Fever, splenomegaly, hypergammaglobulinaemia and thrombocytopenia were the first signs, and appeared when haemodialysis was resumed 26 months after transplantation. Twenty-eight months later the patient developed a cerebral abscess due to toxoplasma infection. A striking improvement was obtained with cotrimoxazole, but the treatment had to be stopped because of severe leukopenia. The patient died due to relapse of the cerebral abscess. End-stage renal failure does not seem to have modified the clinical course of AIDS in our patient. PMID- 3146730 TI - Allograft membranous glomerulonephritis and renal-vein thrombosis in a patient with a lupus anticoagulant factor. AB - A circulating lupus anticoagulant factor was detected in a 38-year-old man with end-stage renal disease and a 'lupus-like' syndrome with a diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. When treated with steroids, the 'lupus' complications were controlled and the anticoagulant factor disappeared; however, renal function did not recover and the patient commenced regular haemodialysis. Four months later the patient received a cadaver kidney transplant. At transplantation and during follow-up there was neither clinical nor laboratory evidence of lupus activity, but 19 months after transplantation, when steroids were tapered to a low dose, the lupus anticoagulant factor was detected, and renal-vein thrombosis complicated by sepsis led to the patient's death. A membranous glomerulonephritis was found on autopsy. This is the first time in which a (probably 'de novo') membranous glomerulonephritis has been detected in the allograft of a patient with circulating lupus anticoagulant factor. PMID- 3146731 TI - Metastatic native renal carcinoma in renal transplant recipients. PMID- 3146732 TI - Analysis of data in nephrology. V. Contingency tables. AB - The first article in this series dealt with 2 x 2 contingency tables. We now return to contingency tables and discuss those formed by a dichotomous response variable and a discrete, but not dichotomous, explanatory variable. The logit transform is introduced. PMID- 3146733 TI - Possible long-term complications of autotransplanted parathyroid glands in haemodialysed patients. PMID- 3146734 TI - Fenoprofen-induced membranous glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3146736 TI - More on an easily obtained accurate dialysis index. PMID- 3146737 TI - Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa peritonitis in a CAPD patient with ciprofloxacin. PMID- 3146735 TI - Systemic and disseminated candidiasis complicating renal failure. PMID- 3146738 TI - A modification to the 'Shaldon technique' when inguinal fibrosis is present. PMID- 3146740 TI - Venous thrombosis and acute renal failure in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. PMID- 3146739 TI - Cellulosic membranes and leukocytes are not effective for in vitro generation of beta 2-microglobulin. PMID- 3146741 TI - [Experimental analysis on chemically induced carcinoma. Two-phase carcinogenesis (the 2nd experiment)]. PMID- 3146742 TI - [Assessment of the carcinogenic hazard of 6 substances used in dental practices. (1) Morphological transformation, DNA damage and sister chromatid exchanges in cultured Syrian hamster embryo cells induced by carbol camphor, eugenol, thymol, EDTA, benzalkonium chloride and benzethonium chloride]. PMID- 3146745 TI - Cross-linking of membrane IgM on B CLL cells. AB - We report here the study of early events following surface Ig cross-linking such as Ca2+ mobilization and IP3 generation, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells. Those leukemic populations were previously shown to be frozen at different stages of activation with unique requirements for proliferation. The study reported here disclosed 3 patterns of response in terms of Ca2+ mobilization and proliferation. These results are interpreted in terms of differential anti-mu signalling on B cells at different stages of activation. PMID- 3146744 TI - Extending corneal storage with 2.5% chondroitin sulfate (K-Sol). AB - K-Sol corneal storage medium maintains corneal viability for at least ten days, compared with McCarey-Kaufman (M-K) medium, which does so for a reported maximum of three days. Since many eye banks still use M-K medium exclusively, stored corneas must be used without undue delay, and shipping time further hastens the planned surgery time. Transferring the shipped M-K medium-stored cornea to K-Sol offers a simple way of increasing storage time in our eye bank. Ninety-five out of 100 transferred corneas (95%) remained clear 3 to 18 months postoperatively. There were no primary graft failures, and transferred corneal mates were clear. A comparable series of 100 corneas stored in M-K medium alone, or in K-Sol alone, were clear in 93% and 97% of the transplants. Analysis of donor rims after keratoplasty indicated statistically significantly more endothelial cell loss during storage in corneas transferred to K-Sol compared with 18 corneas preserved only in M-K medium for a similar length of time. There was no statistical significance between the transferred group and the group preserved in only K-Sol. Transferring M-K medium stored corneas to K-Sol medium may be a useful means of extending corneal storage time, resulting in improved tissue utilization. PMID- 3146743 TI - [Sequential treatment of progressive metastatic colorectal cancer with 5 fluorouracil/folinic acid, dipyramidole and mitomycin C]. AB - A number of reports have described enhanced therapeutic activity of 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) when combined with high-dose folinic acid (dl-CF). In the present phase-II study 35 patients with colorectal cancer were entered into a first-line chemotherapeutic protocol consisting of dl-CF 200 mg/m2 i.v. push directly followed by 340 mg/m2 5-FU i.v. pushon - days 1-5. Thus far a response rate of 37.5% (12 PR) has been achieved, and minor responses or no change were registered in 43.7% (14 MR or NC), lowering the rate of primary therapeutic failures to 18.8%. Median time to progression was 6.2 months. Toxic side effects consisted mainly of diarrhea, nausea and mucositis. As second-line therapy 5 FU/dl-CF and dipyramidole p.o. were administered to 10 patients with resulting 4 NC. Mitomycin C was given to 9 patients as a third-line regimen with resulting 5 NC for 2-4 months. PMID- 3146746 TI - Cyclosporin A in the treatment of CLL associated PRCA and bone marrow hypoplasia. AB - Three patients (1 PRCA-T-CLL, 1 PRCA-B-CLL, 1 B-CLL aplasia) were treated with cyclosporin A (CS-A). Patient no 1 had relapsed during steroid therapy and the remaining two patients had been resistant to conventional immunosuppression. CS-A produced in all cases a prompt remission (within 1-4 weeks) of bone marrow failure. Mild reversible renal toxicity was the only side-effect noted. CS-A might be tried in every case of CLL-associated bone marrow failure. PMID- 3146747 TI - Aminoglycosides: current role in antimicrobial therapy. AB - Aminoglycosides remain the cornerstone of antibiotic therapy for nosocomial, gram negative bacillary infections despite the recent introduction of broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics and quinolones with antipseudomonal activity. Initially, aminoglycosides were used as antiaerobic gram-negative antimicrobial therapy. Currently, they have a key role in many types of infections, such as gram negative urosepsis and in febrile granulocytopenic patients, because of their established antipseudomonal activity. Empiric treatment of febrile episodes in granulocytopenic cancer patients with an aminoglycoside, in combination with an anti-pseudomonal beta-lactam, accounts for much of the aminoglycoside use. Amikacin is emerging as one of the most effective aminoglycosides on the basis of resistance rates, pharmacokinetic factors likely to affect clinical efficacy, safety, and overall cost of therapy. PMID- 3146748 TI - Electrocardiogram of rabbits experimentally intoxicated with carbaryl. AB - Experiments were carried out on 24 rabbits intoxicated intragastrically with carbaryl in single doses of 500, 750, 1000 and 1250 mg/kg. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were performed in 3 limb leads before and 1, 2, 4, 6h and 1, 2, 4, 6, 14d after intoxication and in a final stage of lethal intoxications--in a continuous manner. It has been found that, depending on the intensification of disease, ECG changes were characterized by the decreased heart rate with stimulations coming from the left ventricle, premature supraventricular stimulations, increased T wave amplitude and its reversion. These changes, except two lethal cases (1250 mg/kg), were compensated but the compensatory heart abilities decreased with increasing carbaryl doses. PMID- 3146749 TI - UVB-induced melanocyte proliferation and 5-S-cysteinyldopa excretion in dysplastic nevus syndrome. AB - This is the first in vivo study of the effects of UV on the epidermal melanocytes in dysplastic nevus syndrome (DNS). Eleven DNS patients and 22 healthy subjects were given total body UVB irradiation 8 times during 17 days and the melanocyte population was estimated in biopsies from shielded and irradiated skin. There was a doubling of the melanocyte counts in irradiated skin and a less pronounced but significant increase in the shielded skin area. The urinary excretion of 5-S cysteinyldopa (5-S-CD) was measured before, during and after the irradiation period. The 5-S-CD excretion reached a maximum after 2 weeks of irradiation and returned towards the basal value after the irradiation period. We were not able to document any abnormal melanocytic UV response in DNS patients before, during or after the irradiation. PMID- 3146751 TI - Studies on the avian chondrodysplasia mutant, nanomelia. PMID- 3146750 TI - Coagulation and fibrinolysis in rats poisoned with mercuric chloride. AB - The effect of mercuric chloride on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in rats was studied. The mercurial was administered to the animals intragastrically in a single dose of 17.9 mg Hg/kg and the effects were tested on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day. The symptoms of hypercoagulability accompanied by decreased fibrinolytic activity of the plasma were observed in the poisoned rats. The main reason of the lowered fibrinolytic activity seemed to be the inhibition of plasma plasminogen activator or the inhibition of plasminogen activation reaction catalyzed by this enzyme. PMID- 3146752 TI - [Chemotherapy of newly detected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis prior to the results of determining the drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 3146753 TI - Nonamyloidotic monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits lack amyloid P component. AB - Deposits in tissues from 13 patients with amyloid, 8 with monoclonal light chain or light and heavy chain deposition disease, and 2 with both amyloid and nonamyloidotic light chain deposits of the same isotype were examined in parallel for the presence of amyloid P component by immunofluorescence and/or immunoperoxidase methods. Amyloid P component was detected in the amyloid but not the nonamyloid deposits, even in the 2 individuals in whom both types of deposits were present, indicating a specific relationship between the amyloid P component and the amyloid fibrils. PMID- 3146754 TI - Lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in postmortem serum. AB - In order to correlate lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles with atherosclerotic lesions at autopsy, the feasibility of using postmortem serum in these determinations was evaluated. Lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles in dogs and monkeys were compared in pre- and postmortem serum samples, and it was found that, up to 24 h postmortem, no appreciable differences were observed in apolipoprotein A-I, B, E, and A-IV serum concentration when compared to premortem values. Electrophoretic mobilities and apolipoprotein gradient gel immunoblotting also revealed no differences in apolipoprotein size distribution. We conclude that postmortem sampling up to 24 h can be used effectively to approximate premortem lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles provided that careful sampling techniques are observed. PMID- 3146755 TI - Specific lipoxygenase inhibition reverses macrophage cytotasis towards P815 tumor cells in vitro induced by the calcium ionophore A23187. AB - A23187-stimulated cytostatic activity of peritoneal macrophages towards P815 tumor cells served as a model for macrophage activation: a macrophage enriched preparation, separated on the basis of cell size in a discontinuous FCS gradient column, expressed cytostatic activity when stimulated by A23187. This was inhibited dose-dependently, by AA-861 but not by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). AA-861 inhibited 5-lipoxygenase specifically, NDGA inhibited both 5 lipoxygenase- and cyclooxygenase activity. The ratio cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase products increased with AA-861 but not with NDGA. These results show that lipoxygenase products are necessary for expression of cytostatic activity of these arachidonic acid metabolite-producing macrophages and that the ratio cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase metabolites plays an important role in macrophage activation. PMID- 3146756 TI - Excitatory receptor-prostanoid synthesis coupling in smooth muscle: mediation by calcium, protein kinase C and G proteins. PMID- 3146757 TI - [CO2-high pressure extraction of the pancreas]. PMID- 3146758 TI - Utilization of lysine analogs by a lysine-requiring E. coli mutant. AB - Thialysine and selenalysine cannot substitute lysine as a growth factor for a lysine-requiring E. coli mutant, but can nevertheless be utilized for protein synthesis in the presence of lysine. In order to have information about the effects of lysine on the utilization of the two analogs, the extent of the incorporation of the three aminoacids into newly synthesized proteins has been determined. The analog starts to be utilized by cells growing in a medium containing either analog and lysine when lysine concentration becomes very low. Of the two analogs, thialysine is more easily utilized. In fact thialysine can be utilized when the lysine/thialysine ratio in the medium is 1/25. Selenalysine starts to be utilized when the lysine/selenalysine ratio is 1/200. PMID- 3146759 TI - Thyroid function in patients maintained on lithium. AB - To determine the clinical significance of thyroid function abnormalities in patients maintained on lithium, the authors evaluated the relationships of thyroid function tests to clinical response to lithium and side effects from lithium in 20 outpatients meeting DSM-III criteria for major affective disorder. No significant relationships were found between baseline thyroid function tests and clinical response. Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine uptake ratio (T3UR) within the normal range were found to be associated with complaints of lethargy and cognitive impairment. Thirteen subjects were followed prospectively for 6 months with monthly evaluations of affective state, side effects, and occurrence of relapse. Thyroid function tests were repeated at the final visit. Final and mean T3 levels within the normal range were found to be significantly lower in patients who relapsed, and mean T3 level was inversely correlated with affective state as measured by mean scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Young Mania Rating Scale. PMID- 3146760 TI - Psychosis, lithium-induced antipsychotic response, and seasonality. AB - Lithium alone has previously been shown to effect antipsychotic response in approximately one-quarter of mood incongruent psychoses. Such lithium-responsive psychoses and/or the antipsychotic effects of lithium appear to be seasonal, with maximal response rates occurring in the 3-month periods surrounding January and July peaks. Within patients, retrials of lithium in formerly lithium-responsive psychotic patients demonstrate a trend toward greater continued antipsychotic effects of lithium during the periods surrounding January and July (80% response rates) vs. the remaining 6 months of the year (33% response rates). PMID- 3146761 TI - Cue properties of oral and transdermal nicotine in the rat. AB - In a standard two-lever drug discrimination paradigm, rats were trained to discriminate nicotine 0.5 mg/kg PO from saline. Injections occurred 15 min before the session. Subjects reached the training criterion in a mean of 38 sessions. Nicotine PO, SC, and IP generated similar dose-effect curves (ED50 = 0.073 mg/kg PO, 0.076 mg/kg SC, 0.090 mg/kg IP); the dose-effect curve for transdermal (TD) administration fell approximately 1 log unit to the right (ED50 = 1.34 mg/kg). The percentage of rats choosing the nicotine-appropriate lever peaked at 15 min and gradually decreased to 50% or less by 180 min for nicotine PO and TD, a time decay function similar to that previously shown for SC administration. The nicotinic cholinergic agonist cytisine (0.5-8.0 mg/kg) PO and TD produced up to 56% nicotine-appropriate responding, while the muscarinic cholinergic agonist arecoline (1.0-4.0 mg/kg) PO and TD produced only saline-appropriate responding. The nicotine cue did not generalize to the cholinergic antagonist mecamylamine (0.125-0.5 mg/kg) PO or TD; mecamylamine 0.5 mg/kg PO but not TD completely blocked the PO and TD nicotine cues. These results show that an approximately equal cue occurs with PO, IP, and SC administration, and that the TD cue is considerably weaker. The significance of the procedure as an animal analog of human transdermal nicotine intake is discussed. PMID- 3146762 TI - Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in guinea pigs. AB - Striatal homovanillic acid (HVA) levels and drug concentrations in striatum and plasma were examined in guinea pigs after acute and subchronic administrations of haloperidol (HAL) and reduced HAL (RHAL). HVA and drug levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. HAL and RHAL were interconverted in 10 min. Both maximal HVA responses and peak levels of HAL and RHAL in the striatum were reached at 2 h after injections of both HAL and RHAL. The potency of RHAL in HVA elevation was about one-half that of HAL, consistent with the HAL levels after RHAL and HAL administration. The higher the dose of HAL or RHAL injected, or after repeated injections, the greater the RHAL to HAL ratio produced. In addition, the RHAL to HAL ratios after RHAL were higher than those after HAL. These results suggest that the oxidative drug metabolizing systems are weaker than the reductive processes. PMID- 3146763 TI - Reduction of feeding behavior by the serotonin uptake inhibitor sertraline. AB - Administration of the selective serotonin (5-HT) uptake inhibitor sertraline produced a dose-dependent reduction of food intake in rats. Doses of sertraline of 10 mg/kg or greater reduced the intake of solid pellets significantly (P less than 0.01) during the 1st hour of a 4-h feeding test in rats deprived of food and water for 24 h. Food intake during the remaining 3 h and water intake during the feeding test was unaffected by sertraline. Sertraline (2-18 mg/kg IP) also reduced milk consumption in food-deprived rats. Pretreatment with the nonselective 5-HT antagonists metergoline (2 mg/kg IP) or methysergide (3.3 mg/kg IP) blocked sertraline's inhibition of dry food intake, whereas pretreatment with the selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin (3.3 mg/kg IP) or the peripheral 5-HT2 antagonist xylamidine (2.5 mg/kg IP) failed to block sertraline's anorexic effect. The feeding-suppressant effect of 10 mg/kg sertraline was prevented following the destruction of central 5-HT neurons by the 5-HT neurotoxic agent, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (200 micrograms ICV). This result is consistent with sertraline's anorexic effect depending on intact 5-HT neurotransmission. Therefore, sertraline appears to reduce feeding by enhancing the action of endogenous serotonin at central synapses mediated by 5-HT1 rather than 5-HT2 receptors. PMID- 3146765 TI - Sabeluzole (R58 735) increases consistent retrieval during serial learning and relearning of nonsense syllables. AB - Consistent retrieval during serial learning of nonsense syllables was investigated under sabeluzole (10 mg b.i.d. for 7 days) and placebo. The same material was relearned 1 week after withdrawal of the drug. During learning a twofold improvement in retrieval efficiency was seen when volunteers learned new material under steady-state levels of sabeluzole. During relearning, material originally learned under sabeluzole was significantly better retrieved than material learned under placebo. The results suggest that sabeluzole influences basic mechanisms involved in storage and retrieval of new information. PMID- 3146764 TI - Discriminative stimulus effects of caffeine and benzphetamine in amphetamine trained volunteers. AB - The discriminative stimulus (DS) and subjective effects of caffeine (100 and 300 mg, PO) and benzphetamine (12.5 and 50 mg, PO) were studied in 18 normal human volunteers trained to discriminate between d-amphetamine (10 mg) and placebo. d Amphetamine increased ratings of drug liking and activity level and produced a profile of subjective effects characteristic of amphetamine and related psychomotor stimulants. The DS effects of d-amphetamine generalized only partially to caffeine and benzphetamine; mean percent d-amphetamine-appropriate responding was 42 and 58 after 100 and 300 mg caffeine, respectively, and 17 and 56 after 12.5 and 50 mg benzphetamine, respectively. Neither dose of caffeine affected ratings of drug liking or activity level, but 300 mg caffeine did produce a profile of subjective effects that partially overlapped with that produced by d-amphetamine. Benzphetamine 50 mg, but not 12.5 mg, increased ratings of drug liking and activity level and produced a profile of subjective effects qualitatively similar to, but weaker than, that produced by d amphetamine. For both caffeine and benzphetamine, a close relationship was observed between their subjective effects and their ability to substitute for the DS effects of d-amphetamine. These results correspond well with findings obtained from similar studies conducted with laboratory animals, providing further support for the reliability and validity of human drug discrimination paradigms. PMID- 3146767 TI - Effects of a subanesthetic concentration of nitrous oxide on overt and covert assessments of memory and associative processes. AB - Drug effects on human memory are usually assessed by overt recall or recognition tests. Covert tests which do not explicitly assess memory but which indirectly elicit previously presented information may be more sensitive to low levels of learning than overt tests. Three covert tests and corresponding overt recall tests were given to 16 men and 16 women breathing 30% nitrous oxide in oxygen or 100% oxygen to see if the covert tests resisted the memory-impairing effects of nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide impaired performance on the overt tests. Performance in two covert tests, Constrained Associations and Word Completion, showed resistance to memory impairment. In the least resistant covert test, Free Associations, nitrous oxide altered associative processes. Performance in an additional test involving recognition and preferences for nonsense words repeated with varying frequencies also showed some resistance to memory impairment. The results support the distinction between declarative and procedural memory. Constrained Associations, Word Completion, and Nonsense Words tests may be useful for assessing low levels of learning during drug states. PMID- 3146766 TI - The effects of long-term nicotine treatment on locomotion, exploration and memory in young and old rats. AB - To assess the effects of long-term treatment with nicotine on several behavioral measures (locomotor activity, exploratory efficiency, habituation, short-term and long-term memory) of young (5 months) and old (22 months) rats in a hexagonal tunnel maze, nicotine was added to the drinking water (0, 20 or 50 mg/l) for up to 131 experimental days. With the exception of effects on exploratory efficiency, young and old rats did not differ in their response to the drug. Nicotine decreased body weight throughout the experiment. Nicotine treatment reduced water intake during the first 30 min of the daily 4.5 h access to drinking water. Nicotine increased locomotor activity throughout the experiment. When nicotine treatment was discontinued during a 7-day withdrawal period, locomotor activity immediately dropped to control values. Intertrial habituation was not affected by nicotine. Long-term nicotine treatment had an attenuating effect on exploratory efficiency in young rats; however, the drug did not influence performance in tasks measuring spatial memory. Finally, age increased weight, decreased locomotor activity and impaired exploratory efficiency and short-term memory. Age, however, did not affect the performance of the long-term memory task. PMID- 3146768 TI - d-Ala-met-enkephalin injection into the ventral tegmental area: effect on investigatory and spontaneous motor behaviour in the rat. AB - The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system, originating in the ventral tegmental area and projecting to limbic forebrain regions, plays a crucial role in mediating several important aspects of behaviour. Proximal to these DA neurons are enkephalin-containing nerve fibers. In an attempt to characterize the behavioural role of enkephalinergic transmission in the VTA, the present experiment examined in detail the investigatory and motor responses to microinfusion of d-ala-met enkephalin (DALA), a long lasting analogue of enkephalin, into the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Injections into the substantia nigra (SN) and the hippocampus (HPC) were also performed as controls for site specificity. The behavioural apparatus consisted of an eight-hole box monitored by a video camera. Four doses of DALA were injected in the VTA (0.05, 0.1, 1 and 2.5 micrograms/microliters bilaterally in 1 microliter volume) and one dose in the SN and HPC (0.1 microgram/microliter bilaterally in 1 microliter volume). The effect of DALA injections in the VTA was characterized by an inverted U-shape dose effect curve. The low doses (0.05 and 0.1) induced an increase in the frequency of hole visits accompanied by a decrease in the mean duration of visits, whereas the highest doses induced a decrease in hole visit frequency. Low doses of DALA had no effect on strategy or organization of exploration, whereas the high doses produced decreased switching between holes. After low doses of DALA, locomotor activity at the periphery of the testing box was not significantly affected but locomotor activity in the centre was increased. After high doses of DALA, locomotor activity in the center and at the periphery of the box were decreased. Frequency of rearing was either not affected or decreased by DALA treatment. DALA injected in the SN resulted in a small increase in frequency of hole visits and did not affect rearing and locomotor activity. DALA injection in the HPC had no effect on investigatory and spontaneous motor behaviour. The results are discussed in terms of a modulatory role of endogenous enkephalin on mesolimbic dopamine neurons. PMID- 3146770 TI - Comparison of alprazolam plasma levels in normal Asian and Caucasian male volunteers. AB - Single-dose pharmacokinetics of alprazolam was studied in 42 normal male volunteers (14 Caucasians, 14 American-born Asians, and 14 foreign-born Asians), after both oral and parenteral (IV) administration of a small dose (0.5 mg) of the test drug. Asians manifested significantly higher Cmax, larger AUC, slower CL and longer t1/2 under both testing situations. When body surface area was used as a covariate, these cross-ethnic differences remained statistically significant (except Cmax) after oral but not IV drug administration. There were no differences between the two Asian groups in any of these parameters examined in this study. These results confirmed previous observations of ethnic differences in the pharmacokinetic response between Asians and Caucasians and suggested that smaller doses of alprazolam may be required for Asians for similar clinical effects as compared to their Caucasian counterparts. PMID- 3146769 TI - Early postnatal treatment with propranolol affects development of brain amines and behavior. AB - The present study examined the effects of early postnatal treatment with a beta adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (5 mg/kg IP daily) on concomitant and subsequent behavior and central aminergic transmission in rats. During propranolol exposure from the 7th to the 20th postnatal days sleep-wake recordings, carried out with the static charge sensitive bed (SCSB) method, showed a decrease in the percentage of active sleep and an increase in waking. When the animals were 1-3 months of age, the open field behavior was changed, immobility time in the Porsolt's swim test was lengthened, and voluntary alcohol consumption was increased in the propranolol-treated rats. Neither motor reactivity to auditory stimuli nor spontaneous alternation behavior was affected. At the age of 4 months concentrations of brain amines and their metabolites were measured from several brain regions. In the propranolol-treated rats the noradrenaline levels were increased in the limbic forebrain and cerebellum. The results suggest that in rats the exposure to propranolol during the rapid growth period of cerebral catecholamine systems, and the concomitant alterations in sleep are related to later changes in behavior and to increased noradrenaline content in the limbic forebrain and cerebellum. PMID- 3146771 TI - Scopolamine produces environment-specific conditioned activity that is not blocked by pimozide in rats. AB - A classical conditioning paradigm was employed to determine if the stimulant effects of the anticholinergic scopolamine could show conditioning. In experiment 1 rats had 12 60-min pairings of scopolamine (1.0 or 8.0 mg/kg, IP) with a distinctive environment that monitored horizontal and vertical activity. Experimental (paired) groups received the drug 30 min prior to each session, whereas control (unpaired) groups received saline. Following each session the Paired groups were injected with saline, and the Unpaired groups received the same doses of scopolamine. After every fourth pairing a test session assessed conditioning by comparing activity of paired und unpaired groups in response to saline. Scopolamine enhanced horizontal activity, although conditioning was seen only with 8.0 mg/kg. The low dose increased vertical activity, whereas an initial decrease was observed with 8.0 mg/kg. However, conditioned vertical activity was seen with both doses. Experiment 2 assessed the possible role of dopamine in conditioning with 8.0 mg/kg scopolamine. Rats treated as in experiment 1 were additionally given 0.4 mg/kg pimozide 4 h prior to each pairing session. Pimozide did not block scopolamine's stimulant effect. Conditioned horizontal and vertical activity were also observed, suggesting that this effect may be mediated by direct changes within cholinergic systems. PMID- 3146772 TI - Discriminative properties of phencyclidine in mice: generalization to ketamine and monohydroxy metabolites. AB - The discriminative properties of phencyclidine (PCP) and their generalization to the effects of ketamine and monohydroxylated PCP metabolites were examined in C57BL/6cr mice utilizing two-lever operant procedures. As previously reported for pigeons and rats, PCP was discriminable in this species at a training dose of 3.0 mg/kg. PCP discriminability generalized to test doses of the drug that did not influence response rates (as low as 1.75 mg/kg) and also to ketamine (10 mg/kg). Both PCP monohydroxylated metabolites were active in mice. PCP partially generalized to the monohydroxylated metabolite, 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)4-hydroxy piperidine (PCHP) but not to 1-(1-phenyl-4-hydroxycyclohexyl) piperidine (PPC), which is consistent with previous reports on rats. The generalization of the PCP stimulus to PCHP was not as extensive in mice as previously reported for rats, suggesting that it may be less potent in this species. Although PCP discriminability generalized to PCHP, this generalization required PCHP doses that would produce tissue concentrations much higher than could result from discriminable doses of PCP. Therefore, the PCHP metabolite does not appear to mediate PCP discriminability in C57BL/6cr mice. PMID- 3146773 TI - Effects of chronic lithium treatment on limbic seizure generation in the cat. AB - The effect of chronic lithium administration (2.2-8.7 mEq/kg/day, 17 days) to the cat on seizure initiation in the amygdala and hippocampus was assessed by the low frequency kindling technique. Lithium 4.3 mEq/kg/day PO, producing a serum lithium level between 1.2 and 1.6 mEq/l, caused an elevation of the amygdala seizure threshold on treatment days 5-9. In contrast, the same dosage caused a transient reduction of the hippocampus seizure threshold on treatment days 13-17 and on withdrawal days 21-25. Lithium 2.2 mEq/kg/day PO caused no significant effect on the parameters of the two types of seizure. Lithium 8.7 mEq/kg/day PO caused severe behavioral changes and did not permit chronic treatment. These results indicate that the effect of chronic lithium treatment on limbic seizures is dependent on the location of epileptic focus. PMID- 3146774 TI - Effects of ritanserin on sleep disturbances of dysthymic patients. AB - Ritanserin, a selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist, is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression, including dysthymic disorder. In animals and healthy volunteers, ritanserin specifically increases slow-wave sleep and the hypothesis arises that this effect on sleep may contribute to its therapeutic properties. Therefore, we studied the effects of ritanserin on sleep in a group of dysthymic patients (DSM-III). Polygraphic recording as well as subjective evaluations of the quality of sleep were performed before and at the end of a 4-week period of double-blind medication with either ritanserin (10 mg o.d. in the morning) or placebo. At baseline, patients showed at fragmented and superficial sleep, with low amounts of slow wave sleep. Ritanserin significantly increased Slow Wave Sleep and changed the frequency and distribution of some stage transitions during the night. No other sleep parameters were modified by ritanserin treatment. PMID- 3146776 TI - Changes in auditory evoked responses and in the inhibitory action of 5 hydroxytryptophan following chronic treatment with imipramine in the rat. AB - The neurophysiological effects of acute and chronic treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant drug imipramine were investigated. Brainstem (BAER) and middle latency (MLR) auditory evoked responses were monitored in the alert and immobile rat. Daily injection of imipramine (10 mg/kg, IP) for 2 weeks produced a 13% increase in the latency and a 35% reduction in the amplitude of the N17 component of the MLR. Acute imipramine treatment had no effect. There was no observable change in the BAER after either acute or chronic drug administration. Serotonergic function was assessed by studying the inhibitory effects of 5 hydroxytryptophan on the BAER and MLR. Chronic application of imipramine caused an apparent reduction of the effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan (75 mg/kg, IP) on the N17 component of the MLR. This may, however, be due to the shift in baseline latency and amplitude. Inhibition of the BAER by 5-hydroxytryptophan was unaltered by long term exposure to imipramine. Acute treatment with imipramine was without effect on the modulation of the BAER and the MLR by 5 hydroxytryptophan. These results provide evidence that chronic, as opposed to acute, administration of imipramine had an inhibitory effect on auditory processing at the level of the MLR and that this may be associated with a change in the net output of the serotonergic system. PMID- 3146775 TI - Glucocorticoids attenuate taste aversions produced by toxins in rats. AB - Conditioned taste aversions (CTAs) develop if toxicosis is induced after an animal eats or drinks. Usually, if a second drug is administered after consumption and prior to the toxin, it either adds to the CTA produced by the toxin or else has no noticeable effect. However, glucocorticoids (dexamethasone, cortisol, methylprednisolone, and prednisolone) attenuate CTAs produced by cyclophosphamide. Dexamethasone was tested most extensively and is also effective against CTAs produced by carmustine, cisplatin, copper sulfate, cytarabine, dactinomycin, doxorubicin, lithium chloride, and mechlorethamine. Delta-9 THC, domperidone, haloperidol, metoclopramide, and scopolamine were ineffective against CTAs produced by cyclophosphamide, although they are used medically for palliative purposes. Prochlorperazine attenuated CTAs but to a much smaller extent than the glucocorticoids. These results are interpreted as cross validation of recent reports that glucocorticoids alleviate clinically observed distress produced by cancer chemotherapies. PMID- 3146777 TI - Effects of interferon alpha on performance in man: a preliminary report. AB - The effects of three doses of interferon alpha (1.5 Mu, 0.5 Mu and 0.1 Mu) on performance were studied. The injection of 1.5 Mu IFN produced symptoms and performance changes which closely resembled those found in volunteers with influenza. Specifically, volunteers were slower at responding when they were uncertain when a target stimulus would appear, but were not impaired on a pursuit tracking task or syntactic reasoning task. The results suggest that interferon induced changes in CNS function provide a plausible explanation for the selective effects of influenza on performance. PMID- 3146778 TI - Attenuation of scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. AB - Numerous studies suggest that age-related declines in memory storage are related to impairment of central cholinergic systems. Scopolamine, a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist, has been used with young humans and other animal species as a model of the cognitive impairment that often accompanies normal and pathological aging. The present study examined whether amnesia induced by scopolamine could be counteracted in mice by arecoline, a cholinergic agonist, or by other drugs, epinephrine or glucose, which have been found to enhance memory in aged rodents and humans. Young mice were administered scopolamine (3 mg/kg, IP) or saline prior to training on an inhibitory avoidance apparatus. Immediately after training, animals received injections of epinephrine (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg), glucose (10, 100, and 250 mg/kg), arecoline (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg), or saline. The results indicate that pre-training scopolamine reliably impaired retention assessed in test trials 48 h after training. This impairment was not attenuated by any post-training dose of arecoline; however, immediate post-training injections of both epinephrine (at 0.05 mg/kg) and glucose (at 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced the amnesia. Neither of these drugs was effective if injections were delayed by 1 h after training. These results support the value of scopolamine as a model of age-related memory impairments, but suggest further that these memory deficits may be particularly susceptible to attenuation with non-cholinergic treatments. PMID- 3146779 TI - Physostigmine improves water maze performance following nucleus basalis magnocellularis lesions in rats. AB - Bilateral excitotoxic lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis in rats were used along with testing in the water maze task to assess whether inhibition of acetylcholinesterase with physostigmine would reverse the lesion-induced impairment. Rats were lesioned bilaterally in stages using ibotenic acid and then behaviorally tested 3 weeks after surgery. Lesioned animals were administered one of three doses of physostigmine (0.06, 0.19, or 0.32 mg/kg) or vehicle solution 15 min prior to water maze testing. Sham lesioned animals injected with vehicle solution served as an untreated control group. Animals were tested for 5 consecutive days followed by 2 days off and then tested for 5 additional days. The rats were then sacrificed and their frontal cortex was assayed for choline acetyltransferase. The nucleus basalis magnocellularis lesion caused approximately a 27% depletion of choline acetyltransferase in the frontal cortex of these animals. The lesion also impaired the performance of the rats given vehicle solution as compared to untreated controls. Two doses (0.06 and 0.19 mg/kg) of physostigmine improved performance relative to lesioned controls. The lower dose, 0.06 mg/kg, improved performance more than the 0.19 mg/kg dose of physostigmine. The highest dose of physostigmine impaired water maze performance relative to lesioned controls. These data are discussed in relation to the cholinergic hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and the potential therapeutic use of physostigmine. PMID- 3146780 TI - Topographical features of smokeless tobacco use. AB - There is an increasing prevalence of smokeless tobacco use. However, very little descriptive information is available on the pattern of use. This study examines topographical features of smokeless tobacco use in a male college-age population (N = 56). Subjects were required to use smokeless tobacco ad lib. for a period of 3 days. During this time, they were asked to record the time of onset and completion of each dip of smokeless tobacco. Smokeless tobacco use was significantly associated with time of day. The mean dips/day was 6.3 (SD +/- 2.2), mean inter-dip interval was 102.6 (SD +/- 42.1) min, mean duration/dip was 39.9 (SD +/- 16.5)min, and mean total dip duration/day was 254.6 (SD +/- 129.3) min. The mean grams of tobacco/dip was 1.97 (SD +/- 0.96) and the total grams of tobacco used/day was 12.0 (SD +/- 6.8) g. There were significant correlations between saliva cotinine and number of dips/day, mean duration/dip, total dip duration/day and mean inter-dip interval, suggesting that smokeless tobacco has the potential for producing dependence. PMID- 3146781 TI - Radiation therapy of carcinomas of the skin of nose and nasal vestibule: a report of 1676 cases by the Groupe Europeen de Curietherapie. AB - A retrospective multicentric analysis of the results of irradiation of 1676 carcinomas of the skin of the nose and nasal vestibule was performed by the Groupe Europeen de Curietherapie (Tunis, May 1986). Overall local control was 93% with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Local control is dependent on the tumor size (diameter less than 2 cm: 96%, 2-3.9 cm: 88%, greater than or equal to 4 cm: 81%), and tumor site (external surface of the nose: 94%, vestibule: 75%). Local control was independent of histology for smaller tumors, but for those larger than 4 cm, basal cell carcinomas were more frequently controlled than squamous cell carcinomas. Recurrent tumors are less frequently controlled than those being treated for the first time (88 vs. 95%). There were few complications and cosmetic results were generally satisfactory. The results of implantation, orthovoltage and megavoltage irradiation are compared with respect to local control, complication rate and cosmesis. Implantation is usually the treatment of choice for vestibular tumors but for those of the external surface the choice depends on the tumor diameter. Implantation and orthovoltage irradiation are equivalent for tumors less than 2 cm. For those from 2 to 3.9 cm, the results of orthovoltage irradiation may be satisfactory in a selected population but implantation is usually more suitable for tumors with rapidly changing contour.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3146782 TI - [Malnutrition in infants of adolescent mothers]. PMID- 3146783 TI - [Diagnostic methods and follow up studies of 54 cases of pulmonary aspergilloma]. PMID- 3146784 TI - Effects of intrapulmonary CO2 and airway pressure on pulmonary vagal afferent activity in the alligator. AB - The effects of airway CO2 and pressure on pulmonary vagal afferent fibers were studied in seven anesthetized alligators Alligator mississippiensis, at room temperature (24 degrees C). Of 49 receptors which fired in phase with ventilation, 13 behaved like mammalian rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors, 19 like mammalian slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (PSR), and 17 like avian intrapulmonary CO2-sensitive chemoreceptors (IPC). PSR and IPC were positively localized to the lung by punctate stimulation or response to airway CO2 changes during pulmonary artery occlusion. PSR discharge frequency (fPSR) was measured at airway pressures (Paw) from 0 to 15 cm H2O at FICO2 = 0.01 in 14 receptors. fPSR increased in all receptors throughout the range of Paw studied. In 13 PSR, increasing FICO2 from 0.01 to 0.07 decreased fPSR 23 +/- 13% (+/- SEM) at Paw = 2 cm H2O and 14 +/- 7% at 15 cm H2O. IPC discharge frequency (fIPC) decreased as FICO2 increased and most discharged less than 1 sec-1 at FICO2 = 0.03. In 7 IPC at FICO2 = 0.01, increasing Paw from 2 to 15 cm H2O increased fIPC 17 +/- 5% after pulmonary artery occlusion demonstrating some mechanosensitivity in alligator IPC. Although both IPC and PSR showed mechanosensitivity and CO2-sensitivity, the two receptor types were distinct. PSR were 13 times more sensitive to Paw changes than IPC and IPC were 14 times more sensitive to FICO2 changes than PSR. We did not find any receptors with intermediate CO2- or mechanosensitivities that could represent a transitional form of receptor. These results predict that IPC and PSR may have different roles in reflex ventilatory control. PMID- 3146785 TI - Gas exchange and metabolic transients in heart transplant recipients. AB - In human heart transplant recipients (HTR) an impairment of the cardiac function was expected to reduce peak oxygen consumption and the kinetics of the adjustment of respiratory gas exchange at the onset of rectangular work loads. In nine patients (males, 23-59 yr) 1 to 8 months after cardiac transplantation average peak VO2 (VO2p) was 1.1 L.min-1 +/- 0.3 (SD), i.e. 45% of that of the controls, the corresponding VCO2p value being 1.4 L.min-1 +/- 0.3 (SD). Mean VEp was 62.9 L.min-1 +/- 20.3 (SD), mean HRp was 136 beats.min-1 +/- 11 (SD), i.e. 45 beats.min-1 higher than preexercise values. Mean [Lab]p was 7.7 mM +/- 1.7 (SD), indicating that at the heaviest load the HTR were performing work at or above their maximum aerobic power. During the initial 60-90 sec of the transition from rest to graded rectangular exercise HR did not change from the resting value, increasing thereafter almost linearly with time. The half time (t1/2) of the VE on-response was 112 sec +/- 30 (SD) (controls values: 59 sec +/- 16), that of the VCO2 on- was 95 sec +/- 18 (SD) (58 sec +/- 11), and that of the VO2 on- was 78 sec +/- 24 (SD) (38 sec +/- 6). In spite of the slow kinetics of the VO2 on- response, no massive accumulation of lactate was found in the early phase of exercise. The limitation of the peak exercise in HTR appears to be imposed by a reduced maximal cardiac performance. The slow readjustment of the latter, as expected from the sluggish heart rate response, however, does not impair substantially the work load transients nor reduce the anaerobic threshold. PMID- 3146786 TI - Emergency management of the diabetic patient. PMID- 3146788 TI - [Severe diabetic ketoacidosis. 30 years' experience]. PMID- 3146787 TI - [Myocardial infarct caused by an ergotamine tartrate-troleandomycin combination]. PMID- 3146789 TI - [Algoneurodystrophy caused by phenobarbital]. PMID- 3146790 TI - Variation in use of penicillin for treatment of sinusitis in general practice. AB - The present study describes the use of phenoxymethylpenicillin and broad-spectrum penicillin for the treatment of sinusitis in general practice, in relation to some variables related to the prescribing doctors: region (county), practice form (single-handed or partnership), and the doctors' seniority (year of graduation). Log-linear analysis was used to make it possible to evaluate the influence of single factors. There was considerable variation between the counties included in the study. Practitioners in partnership practices used phenoxymethylpenicillin more frequently and broad-spectrum penicillin less frequently in the treatment of patients with sinusitis, compared with their colleagues in single-handed practices. Younger practitioners chose broad-spectrum penicillin more frequently and phenoxymethylpenicillin less frequently than their older colleagues. The individual practitioner was rather stable in his choice of drug for the treatment of consecutive patients with the same diagnosis. PMID- 3146791 TI - [Lupus anticoagulants, thrombosis and accidental interruption of pregnancy]. PMID- 3146792 TI - [Feto-maternal alloimmunization]. PMID- 3146793 TI - [Evaluation of complement mediated lysis technic in patients with chronic Chagas' disease treated with trypanocidal drugs]. PMID- 3146794 TI - [Nutritional status indicators in the Polonoroeste area. II. Anthropometric study -1983]. PMID- 3146795 TI - [Nutritional status indicators in the Polonoroeste area. V. Protein-calorie malnutrition and intestinal parasitic diseases in a group of children from 3 to 72 months in Mirassol D'Oeste city, Mato Grosso, Brazil]. PMID- 3146796 TI - [Nutritional status indicators in the Polonoroeste area. VI. Anthropometric study, 1985]. PMID- 3146798 TI - [The "other" medicine: or the role of windows]. PMID- 3146797 TI - [Nutritional status indicators in the Polonoroeste area. VII. A prevalence study of malnutrition and diarrhea, 1985]. PMID- 3146800 TI - [Can one teach how to do research?]. PMID- 3146799 TI - [Organization and report of work in pediatric departments]. PMID- 3146801 TI - [Theoretical and practical courses in nursing education]. PMID- 3146802 TI - [Epidemiological survey of voluntary abortion in Italy: possibilities of prevention]. PMID- 3146803 TI - [Presence, form and function of alternative medicine in the Milano area]. PMID- 3146804 TI - [Parenteral feeding. (1)]. PMID- 3146805 TI - [The role of T cells in defense against infection]. PMID- 3146806 TI - [Branched-chain amino acids for parenteral feeding in hepatic failure]. PMID- 3146807 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from bacteremic and fibrocystic patients to four quinolones and five other antipseudomonal antibiotics. AB - The in vitro antibacterial activities of 4 quinolones, 4 antipseudomonal beta lactam antibiotics and tobramycin were determined by an agar dilution technique against 206 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 176 isolates derived from blood cultures (BC), the remaining 30 were piperacillin-resistant strains from sputum of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The CF strains were more resistant to all drugs tested and differed greatly in susceptibility pattern from the BC strains. Ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and tobramycin were the most active drugs against the CF strains. More than 80% of the BC strains were susceptible to piperacillin and cefsulodin and more than 90% to ceftazidime, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. On a weight basis ciprofloxacin was the most active drug in both groups of strains. Our in vitro data suggest that several valuable drugs are now available in the treatment of infections caused by P. aeruginosa strains not previously exposed to antipseudomonal agents. PMID- 3146808 TI - Branhamella catarrhalis septicemia in an infant with AIDS. AB - Branhamella catarrhalis was isolated in blood culture from a 6-month-old infant with AIDS. The child had a nasopharyngeal infection with respiratory syncytial virus and pneumonitis with Pneumocystis carinii. Commensal organisms such as B. catarrhalis may be potential pathogens in infants with AIDS. PMID- 3146810 TI - [Therapy of euthyroid goiter]. AB - In regions of iodine deficiency TSH-suppressive therapy with L-thyroxine is quite successful: 50-60% of euthyroid goitres shrink (almost) totally and an additional 15-20% undergo a clinically useful reduction in size. 100 micrograms L-thyroxine daily suppresses TSH secretion in 75% of patients and 150 micrograms daily in 95%. Reduction of goitre size takes four to six months' treatment, which must be continued on a lifelong basis. In regions of sufficient iodine supply (such as Switzerland today) treatment of euthyroid goitre is less successful because TSH independent factors (thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins and possibly other yet unknown growth factors) assume relatively greater importance. In Denmark, for example, L-thyroxine reduces the size of only about 50% of goitres by only about 20% of their sonographic volume. In nonendemic regions goitres generally are not only less prevalent but also of smaller size. The indication for surgery therefore more rarely arises from pressure symptoms or cosmetic reasons, but rather from concern over potential malignancy. Cytologic examination of fine needle aspirates is the most important method of ruling out malignant lesions and is far more important than scintigraphy or sonography. The general consensus is that surgery should be advised in all cytologically suspect lesions, in addition, of course, to the frankly malignant lesions. PMID- 3146809 TI - Detection of specific IgM antibodies for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections: a clinical evaluation. AB - The diagnostic value of detection of specific IgM antibodies was analysed in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. In a retrospective clinical and serological study, M. pneumoniae IgM antibodies were determined by a mu-capture ELISA using enzyme-labelled antigen. The study group consisted of 91 patients with significantly raised titers in paired sera or a single high titer of complement fixation antibodies. About 40% of the patients had been treated with antibiotics ineffective against M. pneumoniae infections prior to admission to hospital. Treatment with erythromycin or tetracycline was shown to give a shorter period of fever compared to if no or ineffective therapy was given. Specific IgM antibodies were detected in about 80% of sera sampled 9 days or more after onset of symptoms. In sera sampled at 7-8 days after onset IgM antibodies were found in about 40% of the sera but only occasionally in sera sampled earlier. In the age group 0-20 years 88% of the patients developed an IgM response. In the higher ages (greater than 60 years) a significantly lower rate of IgM responders was observed. PMID- 3146811 TI - [Therapy of brain-related minor seizures]. AB - The pharmacotherapy of minor seizures depends on the type of epileptic manifestation. Generalized minor seizures (petit-mal) must be differentiated from focal (partial) seizures. The former are further divided into the typical absence attacks of childhood and benign myoclonic seizures. The drug of choice for both forms of generalized minor seizures is valproate, which also has the advantage of being reliably effective against the frequently associated grand-mal seizures. The focal seizures' epileptic activity is either in the neocortex (simple partial seizures) or in the limbic system (complex partial seizures). Neocortical focal seizures are characterized by motor jerks in one limb (Jacksonian type), head turning (adversive attack), or localized sensory manifestations, and limbic or psychomotor attacks by brief impairment of consciousness and often by motor automatisms. Focal seizures, which are sometimes difficult to control, are best treated with carbamazepine or phenytoin. PMID- 3146812 TI - Prevention of Rh isoimmunization and treatment of the compromised fetus. AB - Intrauterine intravascular transfusion for the treatment of severe erythroblastosis fetalis has resulted in a number of benefits: (a) Direct access to the fetal vasculature allows an accurate assessment and prompt correction of anemia, albeit temporary. In contrast, intraperitoneally transfused blood may be absorbed erratically, especially in the face of ascites. (b) Intravascular treatments can be performed, in general, as early as 17 weeks of gestation, earlier than intraperitoneal approaches permit. (c) Reversal of hydrops along with the correction of anemia and hypoproteinemia has significantly reduced neonatal morbidity and mortality. None of the surviving neonates in our series required either thoracentesis or paracentesis following delivery, and 40% did not require neonatal exchange transfusion. (d) Treatments may be safely performed until pulmonic maturity has been established and/or an EFW of greater than 2,000 g has been reached, reducing problems of prematurity. (e) Central vein and umbilical vein hypertension may be arrested or prevented, thereby allowing fetal liver function to return to normal. While isoimmunization stands as a disease that has been quite successfully reduced in frequency and severity by the careful attention and treatment by obstetricians, cases still occur. Due to the reduced frequency of severe disease, fewer physicians are trained and experienced in performing this difficult procedure. As fewer transfusions are required, the value of regionalized treatment centers will have to be considered carefully, in order to maximize the experience and efficiency of the intravascular intrauterine transfusion treatment teams. PMID- 3146814 TI - [The present status of neutron therapy from the point of view of physics]. PMID- 3146813 TI - Prevention of respiratory distress syndrome. AB - RDS continues to be a major problem for premature infants despite a better understanding of its pathophysiology and of ways to try to prevent it. To date, prenatal administration of glucocorticoids has been the most widely used method of accelerating fetal lung development. However, several limitations of this therapy have prompted the search for alternative approaches. Most efforts have focused on the potential use of combined hormonal therapy with glucocorticoids and either thyroid hormones or TRH. The easy transplacental passage of the latter tends to favor its use. The use of hormonal therapy prenatally and surfactant administration at birth appears currently to be the best approach to prevent RDS. The greatest benefit would clearly come from the prevention of prematurity (Fig 1), but this has not proved to be an easy task. PMID- 3146815 TI - Purified protein derivative (PPD). PMID- 3146816 TI - Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and mycobacterial disease. PMID- 3146817 TI - Genetic aspects of innate resistance and acquired immunity to mycobacteria in inbred mice. PMID- 3146819 TI - Pneumonia due to Branhamella catarrhalis. AB - In 12 of 451 patients diagnosed as having pneumonia in a single hospital over 18 months the causative organism appeared to be Branhamella catarrhalis. PMID- 3146820 TI - Effect of thromboxane synthase inhibition on the thrombolytic action of tissue type plasminogen activator in a rabbit model of peripheral arterial thrombosis. AB - The thrombolytic efficacy of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in the presence and absence of a thromboxane synthase inhibitor was studied in a model of femoral artery thrombosis in the anesthetized rabbit. The thrombus was formed by injection of thrombin and whole blood into an isolated segment of the femoral artery. After 30 min of stable thrombotic occlusion of the femoral artery, sodium heparin (300 U/kg, i.v.) was administered and tPA was infused locally to the site of the thrombus for 30 min at 0.01, 0.10 or 1.0 microgram/kg/min. In other experiments, CGS 13080, a selective thromboxane synthase inhibitor, was administered at a dose of 2 mg/kg i.v., 5 min before tPA was infused and at the end of the 30 min tPA infusion. Pretreatment with CGS 13080 resulted in a shorter time to tPA-induced reperfusion, greater incidence of reperfusion and increased the magnitude of femoral artery blood flow achieved after effective thrombolysis. Furthermore, pretreatment with CGS 13080 resulted in a greater than 10-fold enhancement in the effective dose of tPA. These data indicate that thromboxane synthase inhibition may be beneficial as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy with tPA. PMID- 3146818 TI - The role of T cell--macrophage interactions in tuberculosis. AB - Acquired resistance against tuberculosis paradigmatically depends on specific T lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes. The etiological agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is capable of replicating in mononuclear phagocytes which act both as habitat and as effectors of protection. Upon interaction with antigen-specific T lymphocytes infected mononuclear phagocytes acquire tuberculostatic activities. Here, data from experimental tuberculosis studies in mice are summarized which show that: interleukins produced by cloned T cells and recombinant interferon gamma are capable of activating tuberculostatic capacities in macrophages; both CD4 and CD8 T cells, after adequate stimulation, produce interferon-gamma; CD8 T cells lyse macrophages in an antigen-specific way; not only CD8 but also CD4 T cells possess an antigen-specific cytolytic potential; lysis of infected macrophages results in mycobacterial growth inhibition. Evidence is also presented that tuberculostatic activities of activated macrophages depend on phagosome-lysosome fusion and are independent of reactive oxygen metabolites and that some strains of M. tuberculosis are resistant against interferon-gamma activities macrophages. These findings suggest that both helper and cytolytic T cells participate in the immune response to tuberculosis and that similar T cell mechanisms contribute to resistance as well as pathogenesis. Protection against tuberculosis, therefore, depends on subtle coordination of the immune response. PMID- 3146821 TI - Acid treatment of plasma for the inactivation of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). AB - The present study was initiated to assess the effectiveness of various acid treatments of blood or plasma in the inactivation of PAI-1. It was shown that a frequently used treatment of blood or plasma with 1 M acetate buffer, pH 3.9, only partially inactivated PAI-1. The inactivation of PAI-1 in plasma was found to depend upon pH and temperature, showing an optimal inactivation at a pH less than or equal to 3, at 37 degrees C. PMID- 3146822 TI - Characterization of a chimaeric plasminogen activator obtained by insertion of the second kringle structure of tissue-type plasminogen activator (amino acids 173 through 262) between residues Asp130 and Ser139 of urokinase-type plasminogen activator. AB - A chimaeric recombinant plasminogen activator (rscu-PA- K2) obtained by insertion of the second kringle (K2) of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) (amino acids 173-262) between residues Asp130 and Ser139 of single chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scu-PA) was purified from the conditioned medium of mouse myeloma cells transfected with the previously described plasmid pULB9137 (Pierard et al., J. Biol. Chem. 262, 11771-11778, 1987). Approximately 22 micrograms of purified protein was obtained per liter of conditioned medium with a yield of approximately 25 percent. On sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions, rscu-PA- K2 migrated with an apparent Mr of 65,000. Plasmin caused a time- and concentration-dependent conversion to an amidolytically active two chain derivative (rtcu-PA- K2) with a specific activity of 45,000 IU/mg. Both rscu-PA- K2 and rtcu-PA- K2 activated plasminogen directly with Km = 2.0 microM and k2 = 0.00063 s-1 and Km = 100 microM and k2 = 4.1 s-1 respectively. rscu-PA- K2 did not bind extensively to fibrin. It caused concentration-dependent lysis of 125I-fibrin-labeled plasma clots immersed in human plasma with a comparable specific activity and fibrin-specificity as rscu-PA. It is concluded that insertion in scu-PA of the second kringle of t-PA, which is believed to be involved in its fibrin affinity, does not significantly alter the enzymatic properties of scu-PA, but does not confer marked fibrin-affinity to the molecule. PMID- 3146823 TI - Method for the determination of functional (clottable) fibrinogen by the new family of ACL coagulometers. AB - A new family of coagulometers ACL 100, 200 and 300 (Instrumentation Laboratory, IL) has recently been introduced, in addition to the existing ACL 810. This paper presents a technique to determine clottable fibrinogen using the ACL method based on the measurement of the light scattered from the reaction mixture during a PT test. This technique was found to compare well with the present most commonly used methods. PMID- 3146824 TI - Effects of garlic extracts and of three pure components isolated from it on human platelet aggregation, arachidonate metabolism, release reaction and platelet ultrastructure-comments. PMID- 3146826 TI - Circulating plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone in malnourished male children. PMID- 3146825 TI - HLA antigen expression on cultured human arterial endothelial cells. AB - Flow cytometric analysis and cellular assays were used to determine constitutive and induced expression of class I HLA antigens and class II antigens encoded by the HLA-DR, -DQ and -DP subregions on cultured human arterial endothelial cells (HAEC) derived from transplant donors. Class I but no or minimal quantities of class II HLA antigens were found on HAEC. Prior incubation of HAEC with gamma-IFN increased class I HLA antigen expression and induced class II HLA antigen expression on HAEC. The induced expression of HLA-DQ was lower than that of HLA DR, but both were significantly reduced in comparison to the frequency of these antigens on EBV transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from the same donor. In addition, supernatants from class I and class II alloreactive clones were shown to induce class II antigen expression on HAEC. By PLT analysis, it was shown that these antigens are functionally capable of generating a lymphocyte response. In this regard, HAEC have proved to be a helpful tool in designing in vitro lymphocyte-endothelial cell studies. PMID- 3146827 TI - Leukemias associated with neurofibromatosis in children. PMID- 3146829 TI - [70 years of the Veterinary School in Brno]. PMID- 3146828 TI - [Treatment of pancreatitis by electrophoresis of cytostatics]. PMID- 3146831 TI - [Long-term culture of split cattle embryos in vitro]. PMID- 3146830 TI - [Selected indicators of the internal environment of very productive dairy cows with respect to energy metabolism during the use ofa anti-ketogenic preparation based on Liuos Asetona polyols]. PMID- 3146832 TI - [Oocyte recovery by aspiration of preovulatory follicles in heifers]. PMID- 3146833 TI - [The effect of long-term exposure to gamma rays (6,7 Gy) on the activity of monoamine oxidase in the hypothalamus of sheep during the anestrus period]. PMID- 3146834 TI - The effects of zeranol, an anabolic agent, on the serum immunoglobulins of rabbits immunized with B.19 brucellosis vaccine. AB - Rabbits were immunized with strain 19 antibrucella vaccine and repeatedly administered zeranol subcutaneously (total dose 10 mg in 28 days). The antibody response was followed up for 14 weeks. The following effects were observed: a) an increase in serum proteins during the period of zeranol treatment; b) increases of the agglutinating and, later, of the complement fixing activity, probably caused by an enhanced antibody avidity; c) an increased production and persistence of IgM (19 S). PMID- 3146835 TI - [Epidemiologic characteristics of non-A, non-B hepatitis]. PMID- 3146836 TI - [CO2 laser in surgical procedures in patients with hemorrhagic diathesis]. PMID- 3146837 TI - [New procedure for transport and enrichment for improving the culture evidence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae]. PMID- 3146838 TI - [Multiple neurofibromatosis combined with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3146839 TI - [Overcoming the penicillin resistance of the causative agent of gonorrhea]. PMID- 3146840 TI - Biological and biochemical activities of a toxoid of erythrogenic toxin type A. AB - A toxoid of erythrogenic toxin type A (ET A) was prepared by formaldehyde treatment. Already 15 min after exposure to formaldehyde in isoelectric focusing the ET A band at pH 5.2 shifted to a band at pH 4.5. In Ouchterlony double diffusion test ET A and its toxoid were found to be identical, in fused rocket immuno-electrophoresis a reaction of partial identity was seen. Formaldehyde treatment of ET A resulted in an apparent increase of electrophoretic mobility. In contrast to ET A, its toxoid is non-mitogenic, non-pyrogenic and has lost its ability to induce delayed type hypersensitivity. Binding of ET A toxoid to human peripheral lymphocytes is of the same magnitude as binding of gold-labelled ET A. PMID- 3146841 TI - [Lectin typing as an efficient epidemiological marker system for Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections]. AB - A total of 102 Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Munich with known nutritional requirements were examined for lectin agglutination patterns using Taxonolectin panels containing 14 different plant originated lectins with known specificity. 29 different lectin agglutination patterns were found (in comparison auxotyping showed 17 different groups). All strains reacted with Concanavalin A and Trichosanthes kinlowii and did not show positive reactions with Limax flavus and Ulex europaeus I. 49 Isolates (48%) had lectin agglutination patterns associated with only four lectin groups (in comparison the four major auxotyping groups comprised 58 (57%) of the tested isolates). A correlation between auxotype and lectin agglutination pattern could not be demonstrated. Reproducibility of lectin agglutination patterns was excellent. PMID- 3146842 TI - Effects of Staphylococcus epidermidis on cellular immunity to infection with Listeria monocytogenes. AB - With the present study, the effects of intravenous applications of Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) on the course of experimental infections of mice with Listeria monocytogenes were evaluated. SE treatment 24 h prior to Listeria infection led to a reduced growth of Listeria organisms in both livers and spleens and to an increased resistance of infected animals against a lethal Listeria challenge. SE treatment 24 h after Listeria infection resulted in an enhanced growth of and retarded elimination of Listeria organisms from animal organs as well as in a reduction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to soluble Listeria antigen. Adoptive immunotherapy accomplished by transferring immune peritoneal exudate T-lymphocyte enriched cells (PETLEs) to Listeria-infected recipients 24 h before SE treatment did not prevent the delay in clearance of Listeria organisms. When Listeria infected recipients compromised in their immune response by SE treatment were infused with immune PETLEs either immediately or 24 h after the application of SE, the immunosuppression induced by SE proved to be reversible. It is concluded that, in analogy to other bacterial immunomodulators, Staphylococcus epidermidis is able to either nonspecifically activate macrophages or interfere with T lymphocyte functions. PMID- 3146843 TI - Cell surface antigen of encapsulated Staphylococcus epidermidis SE-360 protects mice from homologous infection. AB - Cell surface antigen was mechanically extracted from encapsulated strain SE-360 of Staphylococcus epidermidis and purified by DEAE-Sephadex A 25 (Cl- form) ion exchange chromatography. This antigen manifested type-specific activity and major sugar constituents were galactose, glucose and N-acetyl-glucosamine at the molar ratio 1.00:9.05:1.65. alpha-D-glucosyl- and N-acetyl-glucosaminyl-residues were closely correlated to the antigenic determinant. In mice, protection against homologous microorganisms could be achieved by active immunization with thus purified antigen. Type-specific opsonin in rabbit anti-SE-360 serum could also be absorbed. PMID- 3146844 TI - In vitro influence of Mycoplasma species on the stimulation of human polymorphonuclear granulocytes. AB - The influence of Mycoplasma species (sp.) on the stimulation of human polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMNG) was determined by means of the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) method. When opsonized Mycoplasma sp. were used the CL response of PMNG was greater than in the presence of nonopsonized strains. Nonopsonized and nonspecifically opsonized Mycoplasma sp. showed a different CL response pattern. The stimulation of PMNG was with M. pneumoniae significantly weaker than with the other Mycoplasma sp. Using isolated M. hominis strains always the same CL-reaction of PMNG was observed. On the other hand, with 12 isolated U. urealyticum strains different results were obtained; 9 strains isolated from the upper urogenital tract lead to a slight PMNG stimulation comparable to that of M. pneumoniae. No correlation was found between CL response and bacterial killing. The weak stimulation of PMNG by M. pneumoniae and most of the U. urealyticum isolates suggest that this behaviour could be a factor of pathogenicity. PMID- 3146845 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectins as a model for lectin production, properties, applications and functions. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most troublesome human pathogens in the antibiotic consuming era. It produces lectins and lectinoid adhesins as secondary metabolites. The production of these compounds is genetically determined and is highly sensitive to changing environmental conditions. These dictate the type of the lectin produced ["type" variation], the lectin level ["on-off" variation], and its localization ["in-out" variation]. PA-I [galactophilic] and PA-II [fucose and mannose-binding] P. aeruginosa lectins are sensitive to EDTA and exhibit biophysical properties, resembling those of classical plant lectins. They exert similar in vitro biological effects and have an equal applicative potential. Lectin deficient strains and mutants of P. aeruginosa may be used for studies on lectin role in "conditioning" the bacterium lytic and toxic activities in its attacks on cells or macromolecules. The Pseudomonas lectins confunction with lytic and toxic activities: We suggest that they serve the homing and "condition" the lytic enzyme optimal activity on cellular and macromolecular targets. Namely their role resembles that of "positioning sites" of lytic enzymes and "receptor binding" domains of powerful microbial, plant and animal toxic or lytic systems [including immunoglobulins, which "condition" the lytic activities of complement and phagocytes], as well as certain hormones, which condition limited key lytic activities, and thereby trigger a cascade of metabolic reactions. PMID- 3146846 TI - Studies on serum resistance in Escherichia coli. AB - Serum-sensitive mutants and their serum-resistant smooth parental E. coli strains (Wf8, Wf26, and WF 52) have been investigated in respect to their binding of different complement components. These pairs consisting of a wild-type and its mutants represent a better model for the investigation of the mechanism of serum resistance than the comparison of unrelated strains. Both strains of a pair bind equivalent amounts of C3. In binding assays using radiolabeled terminal components C6, C7, C8, and C9, the serum-sensitive strains do bind more late acting components than their resistant parental strains. An active membrane attack complex stably bound to the cell surface was found on the mutants, whereas with wild-type bacteria a complex could be isolated from the supernatant which is composed of the late acting complement components and S-protein. This complex is released from the surface of the wild-type bacteria without participation of C9. PMID- 3146847 TI - [Differentiated treatment of epilepsy taking into account the nature of the attacks]. AB - According to the data available in Soviet and foreign literature and the author's personal experience, the issues of combined pharmacological treatment of different types of epileptic seizures are discussed. General knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs in the patient's body is taken into account as well as EEG data. Possible interchangeability of the drugs is reviewed. PMID- 3146848 TI - [Studies on toad oocytes maturation induced by microinjection of progesterone loaded human red blood cell ghosts]. PMID- 3146850 TI - Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Case reports. AB - Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a serious complication of ovulation induction. It is most often associated with the administration of human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) or purified preparation of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), but has also been reported after clomiphene (CC) and in patients with hydatiform mole and chorioepithelioma. Moreover, OHSS has been observed in cases of multiple pregnancy unrelated to the use of fertility drugs. In recent years, the hormonal induction of ovulation has been practised to an increasing degree, partly due to the extended use in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT) techniques in the treatment of infertility. This trend will undoubtedly result in a growing number of patients with OHSS: For this reason, it is important to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for trigging this condition and discuss the treatment possibilities once it has arisen. We will present three patients who developed OHSS after different attempts at ovulation induction. Interestingly, aspiration of the follicles, which was carried out in two of the cases, did not influence the progress of the condition. PMID- 3146849 TI - Pathophysiological study of the non-insulin-dependent phase of type I diabetes mellitus. AB - The usual practice of considering type I diabetes synonymous with insulin dependent diabetes has been criticized. Since type I diabetes can have a non insulin-dependent phase (pre-type I diabetes and/or honeymoon) the differentiation of two main types of diabetes according to insulin-dependency is not absolute. We studied the insulin, C-peptide and glucagon responses to various tests (OGTT, IVGTT, glibenclamide test, mixed meal tolerance test and ITT) performed during the non-insulin-dependent phase of 3 young patients (range 8-18 years) who developed ketosis 12-24 months after the discovery of fasting hyperglycemia, and in 6 patients (age 15-23 years) who presented a remission phase 4-6 months after the sudden clinical onset of type I diabetes. An insignificant insulin and C-peptide increase following i.v. glucose was observed in all patients, whereas the B-cell response to both oral glucose and other secretagogues was preserved, although at a subnormal level. In the three hyperglycemic and preketoacidotic patients the basal levels of glucagon were low and no significant increase after secretagogues was seen. Sensitivity to exogenous insulin in all patients was good. Thus, B-cell response in our patients was reminiscent of the differential responsiveness to various stimulants in the early stage of type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. These results suggest that type I and type II diabetes can be characterized by the same functional B cell defect during a period of their natural history. PMID- 3146851 TI - [Differences in plasminogen activator species released from endothelial cells of different sites]. PMID- 3146852 TI - Comparative study by histochemical, biochemical, and histophotometrical methods of carbonic anhydrase activity in the stomach of various vertebrate classes. AB - Histochemical, biochemical, and histophotometrical studies of carbonic anhydrase activity have been carried out on the stomach of the various vertebrate classes, in order to make functional comparisons. Our results on carbonic anhydrase activity of epithelial surface may be interpreted in favour of a protective role by the secretion of an alkaline fluid against damage due to intraluminal low pH values. As regards the presence of carbonic anhydrase in the different types of gastric glandular cells, in addition to the already known function of the enzyme in hydrochloric acid secretion in the oxyntic and oxyntic-peptic cells, we suggest an interpretation of carbonic anhydrase presence observed in many chief cells. PMID- 3146853 TI - [Ultrahistochemical demonstration of blood group B substances on human erythrocytes with a lectin from Salmo gairdneri RICH]. AB - From the roe of Salmo gairdneri RICH., a lectin was isolated which agglutinates specifically human erythrocytes of blood group B. For cytochemical labelling of the blood group substance B on the surface of human erythrocytes, an indirect approach was chosen. By means of a polyclonal antibody from the rabbit against the B-specific fish lectin, electronmicroscopic presentation was performed with Protein A gold using a multistep method. For quantification gold labelling was partially followed by a silver technique. PMID- 3146854 TI - Immunoreactive prolactin in lesions and tumours of salivary glands. AB - The prolactin binding in obstructive lesions and tumours of salivary glands was described by use of the immunohistochemical PAP technique. Normal salivary glands had prolactin binding cells in the striated ducts only. Chronic obstructive lesions of submandibular glands showed negative immunoreaction for prolactin binding in ductal cells, but positive staining of the luminal surface of ductal segments. In pleomorphic adenomas, occasional neoplastic cells located along the luminal borders of tubular, ductal, or of duct-like epithelial structures were strongly reactive with anti-prolactin and 26.5% of cases pleomorphic adenoma were positive for anti-prolactin. Adenoid cystic carcinoma exhibited positive prolactin binding on the luminal surface of some of tumour foci, but not in the rest of the tumour. Warthin's tumour was devoid of detectable prolactin binding. PMID- 3146855 TI - Sulfur-containing macromolecules in cultured monocyte-like cells. AB - The monocytic cell line U-937 was cultured in vitro in the absence or presence of phorbol myristate acetate, and agent known to induce differentiation of these cells along the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The cells were fixed, prepared for, and subjected to transmission scanning electron microscopy. The intracellular structures of the cells were compared with those of mastocytoma cells. The latter cell type, known to produce heparin, was shown to contain numerous electron dense granules; by X-ray micro-analyses shown to contain significant amounts of sulfur. In contrast, neither control nor PMA-treated U-937 cells contained such granules. Both control and PMA-treated U-937 cells were pulsed with 35S-sulfate for 60 min and chased. The amount of 35S-proteoglycan in the medium of both cell cultures was found to increase in a time-dependent manner, suggesting that these products are destined for release and not intracellular storage under in vitro conditions. PMID- 3146856 TI - A method for demonstration of lectin-binding sites using a blood group substance A/ferritin conjugate. AB - A new technique for demonstration of lectin-binding sites is proposed. At the 1st step of the method, the lectin binds the respective monosaccharide constituent of the glycoconjugate and at the 2nd step, the blood-group substance A-ferritin conjugate is used as a marker. The following lectins were tested: wheat germ agglutinin, soybean agglutinin, mistletoe lectin I, and concanavalin A. Human red blood cells were used as material. By means of control experiments, the specificity of the proposed technique was proved. PMID- 3146857 TI - [Immunohistochemical demonstration of fibronectin in the human placenta]. AB - The distribution pattern of fibronectin in the human placenta has been studied using the indirect immunoperoxidase (PAP) technique on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples. Fibronectin was demonstrated as intensely stained fibrillar or strand-like structures on the endothelial cells of blood vessels and on the amniotic epithelium. The most interesting fibronectin staining result, however, was found in the cytotrophoblast cells and in the bud-like structures of the syncytiotrophoblast. The results were discussed with regard to differentiation and proliferation in course of placental development. PMID- 3146858 TI - Abnormal binding of lectin to the epidermal cell membranes in the skin of epidermolysis bullosa simplex. AB - Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) simplex is a congenital disease that has blister formation following minor mechanical trauma to the skin. However, the least amount of information concerning the pathogenesis is known in this condition. One possibility is that there are structural abnormalities in epidermal cell membranes. In the present study, we examined the binding of lectins to epidermal cell membranes by ABC method. Biopsy skin specimens were obtained from patients with simplex, junctional and dystrophic forms of EB, and normal volunteers. In the case of EB simplex, the cell membranes of keratinocytes in the basal and spinous cell layers did not bind to soybean agglutinin in specimens from blister edges or mechanical traumatized areas. No differences were found in binding pattern between the other forms of EB and normal controls. This results suggest the presence of structural abnormalities in epidermis of EB simplex. PMID- 3146859 TI - [Changes in stomach and duodenal mucosa caused by acetylsalicylic acid therapy]. AB - The ulcerogenic effect of acetylsalicylic acid on the gastric and duodenal mucosa is well known. In a retrospective survey we analysed 1203 gastroscopic investigations from 1980 to 1986. Of these patients 47 were under therapy with acetylsalicylic acid for at least 4 weeks and 39 of them (82.9%) showed pathologic changes of the gastric and duodenal mucosa. The residual 1156 patients received no therapy; among these only 426 patients (36.8%) showed pathologic changes of the gastric and duodenal mucosa. The significant difference in the incidence of peptic lesions of the gastroduodenal mucosa between the two patient groups confirms the existence of an ulcerogenic side effect of acetylsalicylic acid. PMID- 3146860 TI - Experimental studies and controlled clinical testing of valproate and vigabatrin. AB - Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most important inhibitory transmitter, quantitatively, in the CNS. Evidence exists that decreased GABAergic neurotransmission may play a role in some forms of epilepsy. Consequently, manipulating the GABA system may be a therapeutic possibility in the treatment of this disease. Inhibition of the major GABA degrading enzyme, GABA-transaminase (GABA-T), seems to be the most promising approach. Currently, 2 antiepileptic drugs, valproate (VPA) and vigabatrin, gamma-vinyl GABA (GVG), are available, which are supposed to inhibit the degradation of GABA. Both drugs cause an increase in the total concentration of GABA in the brain, but to a different extent. VPA produces a moderate elevation, which seems to be the result of a marked increase in the transmitter-related GABA pool, while the pronounced elevation in GABA concentration observed during treatment with GVG seems to be caused mainly by an increase in the non-transmitter-related (glial) GABA pool. In order to investigate this apparently differential influence of VPA and GVG on the GABA system, a number of studies were undertaken in selectively cultured astrocytes and neurons from mice. For both drugs neuronal GABA-T proved far more sensitive with regard to inhibition than glial GABA-T. In order to obtain a more direct measure of a potential GABAergic mechanism of action of VPA and GVG, synaptic release of endogenous GABA was determined after culturing neurons in the presence of clinically relevant concentrations of the drugs. GVG caused a significant increase in GABA release, even at concentrations as low as 25 microM. For VPA only the highest of the investigated concentrations (300 microM) augmented GABA release. It is concluded that the antiepileptic effect of GVG seems to be caused by a direct GABAergic mechanism of action. For VPA an influence on the GABA system may play a role in the antiepileptic effect of the drug. However, the lack of definite data on human brain levels of VPA after chronic treatment, combined with evidence that VPA exhibits a number of other effects that may be relevant for its antiepileptic properties, makes the interpretation of a GABAergic mechanism of action difficult. Controlled clinical trials have been increasingly applied within all areas of medicine. In 1982 a survey of the literature identified 29 studies of antiepileptic drugs, where the design involved randomization, the double-blind principle and a statistical analysis of the results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3146861 TI - Increased production of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor precedes clinical manifestation in multiple sclerosis: do cytokines trigger off exacerbations? AB - We have carried out a longitudinal study of interferon (IFN) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) using a whole-blood mitogen stimulation assay in 20 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and in a healthy control group. We set up individual profiles and the results were quite constant for each individual, both in healthy donors and in the patients in remission. Before exacerbations, however, we found an increase of IFN-gamma and TNF production preceding clinical symptoms by a maximum of 2 weeks. In benign cases, the increase disappeared rapidly, even before the appearance of symptoms, whereas we found sequelae whenever the increase persisted during weeks. In chronic progressive patients, we frequently found intervening increases. It may be that IFN-gamma and TNF trigger off exacerbations at a very early stage and that these cytokines may also play a role in maintaining disease in chronic progressive and invalidating forms. PMID- 3146862 TI - Valproate: a new drug in migraine prophylaxis. AB - 22 patients with severe migraine resistant to previous prophylactic treatments participated in a prospective open trial of valproate in migraine prophylaxis; 17 had common and 5 classic migraine. The attack frequency was from 4 to 16(30)/month (1 patient suffered from attacks every day). The dose of valproate was 600 mg twice a day from start of treatment, successively adjusted to a serum level about 700 mumol/l. Follow-up was from 3 to 12 months; 11 patients were free from migraine attacks, 6 had a significant reduction of the frequency; in one patient there was no effect; 4 dropped out because of lack of cooperation; 3 who had been free from migraine for 3 months, participated in a withdrawal experiment during which they all experienced relapse. After reinstitution of valproate the attacks disappeared again. How valproate acts in migraine prophylaxis is not known, but this prospective open trial demonstrates that valproate has an appreciable prophylactic effect in patients suffering from severe migraine, and calls for controlled clinical trials. PMID- 3146863 TI - Immunopathological alterations in tonsillar disease. AB - Inflammatory conditions continuing after the age of about 10 years usually seem to accelerate the aging process of palatine tonsils (PT). However, recurrent tonsillitis (RT) may significantly change the immunological competence of PT even before that age. The observed alterations may be irreversible since they were revealed in periods when the patients had been without inflammatory symptoms for at least 4 weeks. Altered immunological function may in fact contribute to recurrence of RT and a vicious circle may thereby develop. Nevertheless, considerable immunological activity persists in diseased tonsils so the functional changes cannot by themselves justify surgical removal of these organs. PMID- 3146864 TI - Immunological aspects of tonsils and of tonsillitis. AB - The human tonsils are responsible for the final antigen-induced differentiation of B-cells to plasma cells. Their main function could be the expansion of memory IgA-B-cells, allowing J-chain expression and final differentiation under secondary signals. IgA/J+-cells have been shown to migrate into mucosal membranes, allowing a protection against microorganisms. Recurrent tonsillitis obviously interferes with this complex immunological network, possibly resulting in a reduced mucosal protection by IgA. Furthermore, bacterial antigens can initiate the liberation of biochemical inflammatory mediators. Among these, arachidonic acid products can play a key role. They can induce epithelial damage and decreased ciliary function. Furthermore, they influence tonsillar immunological reactions. PMID- 3146865 TI - Proceedings: the International Symposium on Pediatric Endocrinology. Tokyo, July 1988. PMID- 3146866 TI - Molecular genetic analysis of steroid 21-hydroxylase [P-450(C21)] deficiency. PMID- 3146867 TI - The expanding clinical spectrum of autoimmune thyroid disease. PMID- 3146869 TI - Post-natal hormonal adaptation. PMID- 3146868 TI - Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies in patients with chronic thyroiditis and in healthy subjects. PMID- 3146870 TI - Advances in the treatment of diabetes in childhood. PMID- 3146871 TI - Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of sexual precocity. PMID- 3146872 TI - LH-RH agonistic analog (buserelin) treatment of precocious puberty: collaborative study in Japan. PMID- 3146873 TI - Approach to early-stage nephropathy in childhood-onset insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 3146874 TI - Long-term treatment with human growth hormone in children with non-growth hormone deficient short stature. PMID- 3146875 TI - Influence of gonadal function on final height in hGH-treated GH-deficient children. PMID- 3146876 TI - The roles of somatomedins and other growth factors in growth and differentiation. PMID- 3146877 TI - Age-related changes in IGF I/SmC levels in plasma and urine--glomerular filtration of the unbound form. PMID- 3146878 TI - Endocrine disorders and growth after cranial radiation. PMID- 3146879 TI - Endocrine function and growth in children with CNS tumors--with special emphasis on germinoma. PMID- 3146880 TI - Studies with growth hormone releasing factor in children: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. PMID- 3146881 TI - Growth hormone-releasing factor, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin releasing hormone in pituitary stalk transection. PMID- 3146882 TI - Growth and final height in classical and nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency. PMID- 3146883 TI - Persistent obesity and short final height after corticoid overtreatment for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in infancy. PMID- 3146884 TI - Unresolved problems in the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 3146885 TI - Hyperthermia and antinociceptive activity of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and morphine following central administration in rats. AB - This is an assessment of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and morphine effects on nociceptive activity and temperature reaction in male Wistar rats following introduction of the substances into the periaqueductal gray matter or preoptic anterior hypothalamic nuclei via before hand cannulation. Morphine (10 micrograms) had marked antinociceptive activity, as shown by the tail flick-test, hot plate-test and mechanical pressure according to Randall-Selitto. TRH (5 micrograms) showed antinociceptive activity upon introduction into the periaqueductal gray matter, better expressed in the mechanical pressure test. Morphine (10 micrograms) and TRH (5 micrograms) gave rise to a hyperthermic reaction. The antinociceptive activity of morphine reduced upon preliminary administration of TRH, while its hyperthermic effect remained unchanged. These data are in support of the hypothesis that TRH may act as a functional opiate antagonist in the central nervous system. PMID- 3146886 TI - Comparative studies on the effects of the nootropic drug adafenoxate and of the cerebral vasodilator flunarizine on arterial smooth muscles. AB - The effects of the nootropic drug adafenoxate and of the cerebral vasodilator flunarizine were studied on smooth-muscle preparations isolated from rabbits (perfused central ear artery and segments of the thoracic aorta). Both drugs tested did not change the smooth muscle tone. When applied extralumenally adafenoxate decreased the noradrenaline (NA)-evoked arterial contractions. Adafenoxate (especially in high concentrations) markedly relaxed the NA contracted arterial preparations. The arterial contractions in response to low frequency electrical stimulation (ES) were moderately potentiated by high concentrations of extralumenal adafenoxate, but were decreased by intralumenal administration of the drug. Administered prior to or after NA adafenoxate antagonized its contractile effects on the aortic segments (this effect was much pronounced when the smooth-muscle preparations were contracted by NA). Flunarizine exerted similar but less pronounced inhibitory effects on the NA- or ES-evoked contractions of the smooth-muscle preparations. The only essential difference between the two drugs tested was that extralumenal flunarizine inhibited the arterial contractions in response to ES. It is suggested that if adafenoxate exerts an antivasoconstrictory effect not only on the peripheral arteries but also on the cerebral blood vessels, this effect might play an important role for the realization of the nootropic action of this compound. PMID- 3146887 TI - [Prevalence of mental health problems in parents of children with malnutrition in one area of Tegucigalpa, Honduras]. AB - Prevalence of mental disorders in parents is one of major causes of serious malnutrition levels in children. A high proportion of III-grade malnutrition in parents, however, was found among individuals with no mental pathology whatever. The only explanation for this is, of course, people's distressing economic level and social condition. A positive correlation was also established between disability caused by mental diseases, and the malnutrition level in children. The commonest mental diseases to be found were, firstly, mixed neurosis; secondly, intermittent alcoholism, and finally mixed alcoholism. PMID- 3146888 TI - Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in major depressive disorders. AB - The baseline LH, FSH and testosterone levels and the LH and FSH response to TRH LHRH administration (delta LH, delta FSH) were investigated in 28 patients meeting the RDC criteria for an acute major depressive disorder, and in 20 healthy persons. Twenty-two patients were also reinvestigated in a state of complete or partial clinical remission. Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons were made between the groups divided according to sex and menopausal status. After mathematical correction for age differences, the depressed males with an abnormal DST response showed significantly (P less than 0.03) higher delta FSH in the acute state compared to the controls. No relation could be established between the HPG axis hormone levels and the nocturnal serum melatonin levels or the PRL or TSH response to TRH-LHRH administration. In the longitudinal part of the study, the depressed males with an abnormal DST response showed decreased (P less than 0.03) testosterone levels and increased delta FSH (n.s.) in the acute state compared to remission, in contrast to the males with a normal DST. The present results do not support a hypothesis regarding a stimulus-induced down-regulation of the pituitary LHRH receptors in our patients. The possible mechanisms by which HPA axis activation (as revealed by an abnormal DST response) could influence the HPG axis in depressed patients remain to be elucidated. PMID- 3146889 TI - Ego functions in epilepsy. AB - Two groups of epilepsy patients (28 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and 15 patients with primary generalized epilepsy) entered a study of personality traits related to epilepsy, based on a modification of Bellak's semistructured interview for assessment of ego strength. Two groups of subjects served as controls: 15 patients with a non-neurological but relapsing disorder, psoriasis, and 15 healthy volunteers. Compared with the group of healthy volunteers, a decreased adaptive level of ego functioning was found in the epilepsy groups, regardless of seizure types and EEG findings, and, to a lesser extent, compared with the psoriasis group. Areas of ego functioning most affected were "reality testing", "cognitive functioning", "integrative functioning" and "regulation and control of drives". Patients with more than one type of seizure were the most affected, as were patients who were younger than 15 years when the disease began. The number of anticonvulsants administered did not influence the results. No difference on adaptive level of ego functioning was found between the group with primary generalized epilepsy and the group with temporal lobe epilepsy. Similarly, the temporal lobe epilepsy group with predominantly right-sided and left-sided EEG changes, respectively, showed similar adaptive levels of ego functioning. PMID- 3146890 TI - Treatment strategy in depression. I. Non-tricyclic and selective reuptake inhibitors in resistant depression: a double-blind partial crossover study on the effects of oxaprotiline and fluvoxamine. AB - Antidepressants are ineffective in about 30% of patients with major depression. Some authors then advise treatment of non-responders with (non-tricyclic) more selective reuptake inhibitors. In a double-blind, partial crossover study, 71 patients were selected for treatment during 4 weeks with oxaprotiline and/or fluvoxamine, two non-tricyclic antidepressants that are selective reuptake inhibitors or noradrenaline and serotonin respectively. All patients had failed to respond to earlier treatment with cyclic antidepressants during the current episode. Only 13% of the patients responded, with 27% of them responding to oxaprotiline and none to fluvoxamine. Moreover, a low response of 27% was also obtained in the crossover phase, which included all non-responders to the first treatment, oxaprotiline being effective in 39% and fluvoxamine in 10% of the patients. The results indicate that selective reuptake inhibitors are not an effective alternative for non-responders to other cyclic antidepressants and that non-responders to "noradrenergic" antidepressants do not appear to have much chance of responding to "serotonergic" antidepressants and vice versa. PMID- 3146891 TI - Treatment strategy in depression. II. MAO inhibitors in depression resistant to cyclic antidepressants: two controlled crossover studies with tranylcypromine versus L-5-hydroxytryptophan and nomifensine. AB - Antidepressants are ineffective in about 30% of the patients with major depression. Besides electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and lithium, MAO inhibitors have been suggested as an alternative in such patients. In 2 controlled, partial crossover studies involving 47 patients with major depression who had already been treated unsuccessfully with at least 2 cyclic antidepressants, the effect of the MAO inhibitor tranylcypromine was studied. The first study was an open comparison with L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5HTP), the second study a double-blind comparison with nomifensine. Neither the patients treated with L-5HTP nor the patients treated with nomifensine, except one, improved. In contrast, tranylcypromine was effective in 50% of the patients. The depressions of the responders to tranylcypromine appeared to be more endogenous (according Newcastle Scale II) and of shorter duration than those of the non-responders. It is concluded that MAO inhibitors such as tranylcypromine are an effective alternative to ECT and lithium in patients with major depression who have failed to respond to cyclic antidepressants. PMID- 3146892 TI - Lithium therapy: from clinical trials to practical management. AB - Controlled trials have shown that lithium significantly reduces the morbidity of recurrent affective disorders. We describe here the ongoing affective morbidity in unipolar, bipolar and schizoaffective illness treated primarily by low dosage, once daily lithium, supplemented as necessary by antidepressant or neuroleptic medication. Seventy-eight percent of unipolar patients and 73% of bipolar and schizoaffective patients had no or only slight morbidity during the study year. The treatment was equally effective for both older (age greater than 70 years) and younger patients. Unipolar patients rated as endogenous on the Newcastle Scale had significantly lower morbidity than the nonendogenous patients. Subjective side effects were minimal. These patients, whose untreated morbidity is known to be high, derive considerable benefit from regular supervision in an affective disorder clinic. PMID- 3146893 TI - Sublingual nitroglycerin: improving patient compliance with a demonstration dose. AB - Forty-four patients were studied for compliance in the use of their first prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin. Fourteen HMO physicians participated in this randomized, prospective study by administering the first dose to half the patients during the office visit in which the diagnosis of angina pectoris was made. No other changes were made in the physicians' customary methods of diagnosing and treating angina pectoris. Patients who received the demonstration dose were significantly more likely to have used the sublingual nitroglycerin at least once before their second visit (75 percent of the study group compared with 44 percent of the control group). There was no difference between the groups in having the drug with them at the second visit. While serious reactions to sublingual nitroglycerin are rare, 6 patients experienced symptoms from the first dose, including 1 patient who fainted. The results suggest that compliance in using the initial prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin can be improved when the physician supervises the first dose. PMID- 3146895 TI - The effect of ceruletide, a cholecystokinin analogue, on the secretion of pituitary hormones in man. PMID- 3146894 TI - Ankle injuries and the family physician. AB - In transmitting the body's weight, the ankle is subject to frequent static and dynamic injury due to concentrated stresses during standing and movement. The frequency of athletic ankle injuries ranges from 10 to 90 percent, with the highest rate occurring in basketball players. There is prolonged disability and recurrent instability for months to years for 25 to 40 per cent of these patients. Because most of this trauma is handled by primary care physicians, this review presents the mechanism of injury, relevant anatomy, physical examination, and appropriate therapeutic intervention in the acute and rehabilitative phases. PMID- 3146896 TI - Clinical and laboratory analysis of cases of light chain disease. PMID- 3146897 TI - Transfusion of carbonic anhydrase-replete erythrocytes fails to correct the acidification defect in the syndrome of osteopetrosis, renal tubular acidosis, and cerebral calcification (carbonic anhydrase-II deficiency). AB - We explored the effects of transfusion of carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II)-replete erythrocytes on systemic pH, serum electrolytes, and urinary acidification of a patient with CA-II deficiency. Pretransfusion studies documented hyperchloremic acidosis, increased urinary pH with decreased titratable acidity, and profound CA II deficiency in erythrocytes. During transfusion, CA-II in circulating erythrocytes increased to above the half-normal levels seen in asymptomatic heterozygote carriers of CA-II deficiency. However, no significant change occurred in venous, arterial or urinary pH, serum electrolytes, and urinary acid excretion during the transfusion or during the subsequent 60 hr of observation. These studies argue that the renal acidification defect in CA-II deficiency results from deficiency of CA-II in the renal parenchyma, and is not secondary to deficiency of CA-II in erythrocytes. Bone marrow transplantation is not a promising approach to correct the renal manifestations of CA-II deficiency. PMID- 3146898 TI - The effects of forskolin and calcium ionophore A23187 on secretion and cytoplasmic RNA levels of Chromogranin-A and calcitonin. AB - We have studied the regulation of the secretion and cytoplasmic RNA levels of calcitonin (CT) and Chromogranin-A (CgA) to determine if the biosynthesis and secretion of these two substances are controlled in a coordinated fashion. The studies were conducted in two cell lines, a medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) cell line and a lung tumor (BEN) cell line. Both cell types secrete CT and CgA. Forskolin treatment resulted in a significant increase in the secretion of CT and CgA in each cell line and in CT-specific cytoplasmic RNA in the MTC cell line. Treatment with calcium ionophore A23187 resulted in significantly increased secretion of both substances in the lung tumor cells but not in the medullary thyroid carcinoma cells. A significant increase in CT-specific or CgA-specific cytoplasmic RNA was not seen in either cell line. We conclude that the secretion of CT and CgA are regulated in a coordinated fashion in these cell lines through processes that are calcium-mediated and processes that involve cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase A. However, each of these regulatory pathways is not always operative in a given tissue. The coordinate regulation of the secretion of CT and CgA supports the hypothesis that CgA participates in the secretory process of its associated hormones. PMID- 3146899 TI - Interactions between nimodipine and general anaesthesia--clinical investigations in 124 patients during neurosurgical operations. AB - Haemodynamic, respiratory, metabolic and endocrine investigations were performed in a total number of 124 patients, divided into four different groups, during opiate anaesthesia for neurosurgical operations in order to characterize general effects of nimodipine, a calcium channel blocking agent with a preferential cerebrovascular action. These studies led to the following conclusions: Nimodipine is a vasodilator drug with a hypotensive action, which is especially obvious in hypertensive patients and in combination with similarly acting agents, such as sodium nitroprusside or nitroglycerin. This vascular hypotensive effect may be also enhanced by combined cardiodepressive activity if nimodipine is applied together with inhaled anaesthetics, such as halothane or isoflurane. Nimodipine as well as other vasodilator drugs may lead to increased pulmonary shunting in patients with artificial ventilation, which, however, can be reduced by adequate positive end-exspiratory pressure. With high doses the decrease of oxygen extraction and consumption, seen with nimodipine, is accompanied by a moderate rise of lactate. Determination of stress hormones did not reveal analgesia potentiation of nimodipine, as has been assumed in other studies. PMID- 3146900 TI - The intracisternal A-particle gene family: structure and functional aspects. PMID- 3146901 TI - MHC class I and II gene expression on human tumors. PMID- 3146902 TI - Interferon-mediated modulation of metastasis and MHC antigens. PMID- 3146903 TI - Therapeutic potential of cytokines. PMID- 3146904 TI - Immunological aspects of tumor-macrophage interactions. PMID- 3146905 TI - Retroviral-mediated gene transfer into hemopoietic cells. AB - Retroviral vectors have provided a means for the introduction of functioning exogenous genes into the hematopoietic system of whole animals. Although these vectors are quite efficient in the mouse model, when applied to non-murine in vivo systems, the efficiency of gene transfer has diminished to impractical levels. Since in vivo analyses are expensive and time consuming, in vitro models have been developed to speed the evaluation of alternative protocols. Using in vitro colony assays, three approaches were evaluated for their ability to improve the infectivity of hematopoietic progenitor cells with retroviral vectors. Exogenously applied hematopoietic growth factors increased the proportion of hematopoietic colonies in vitro up to an average of 5 fold. When alternative sources of progenitors, such as fetal cord blood, were used, improvements in infection efficiency were also obtained. Finally, evidence was acquired suggesting that xenotropic packaging of vectors also improved infection efficiency. PMID- 3146906 TI - Role of immunocompetent cells in the regulation of human megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro. AB - T cells and monocytes/macrophages (Mo) have been shown to play important roles in modulating the growth and differentiation of human erythroid and myeloid progenitors and have been implicated in the mechanisms of gamma interferon (gamma IFN) mediated suppression of normal human marrow erythroid progenitors in vitro. In order to assess the importance of T cells and Mo in the growth of human megakaryocytic progenitors (CFU-Mk) in vitro and to investigate gamma-IFN effect on human megakaryocytopoiesis, normal human marrow (BM) was cultured in plasma clot in the presence and absence T cells, Mo and gamma-IFN under conditions that support the formation of CFU-Mk derived colonies. The removal of T cells from BM (BM-T) caused a significant decrease (71.3 +/- 3.2 colonies observed vs 231.2 +/- 38.5 colonies predicted) in both the number and size of CFU-Mk derived colonies, and no such changes were seen with Mo depletion (BM-Mo); co-culture of autologous T cells with BM depleted of both Mo and T cells (BM-Mo-T) caused a significant increase in CFU-Mk derived colonies and restored colony size. The addition of gamma-IFN (less than 50-10,000 IU/ml) to BM caused a dose dependent inhibition of CFU-Mk (0-90%) as evidenced by decreased colony numbers and reduced colony size. The addition of gamma-IFN (50-10,000 IU/ml) to BM-T caused reduced inhibition of CFU-Mk (0-60%); co-culture of T cells (but not Mo) pre-incubated with gamma-IFN (10,000 IU/ml; 1 hour, 37 C followed by washing X 3) resulted in supression of CFU-Mk (80% inhibition with the addition of 1:4 T cells:marrow cells). The results demonstrate that T cells have the ability to modulate the growth of human CFU-Mk in vitro and may, under appropriate conditions, either promote (normal T cells) or inhibit (gamma-IFN activated T Cells) human megakaryocytopoiesis. PMID- 3146907 TI - Preclinical and clinical effects of the hematopoietic colony stimulating factors. AB - Hematopoietic colony stimulating factors are available in purified recombinant form and have used for assessment of hematopoietic activities in mice, monkeys and in phase I clinical trials with humans. This report reviews the preclinical and clinical studies involving these factors. PMID- 3146909 TI - Prediction of the tertiary structure of apolipoprotein A-II by computer modeling. PMID- 3146908 TI - Expression of heme oxygenase in hemopoiesis. AB - Heme oxygenase has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from detergent solubilized adult human liver microsomes. Treatment of microsomes with Triton X 100, sodium cholate and subsequent batchwise DEAE-cellulose, 2', 5' ADP-sepharose 4B, Sepharose CLB and hydroxylapatite column resulted in 17% yield of the purified heme oxygenase. The reconsituted system of heme oxygenase, composed of heme oxygenase, NADPH cytochrome c (P450) reductase and biliverdin reductase was equiactive with 1 mM NADPH and 4 nM NADH and showed complete dependence on added heme for catalytic activity. The Km values for NADPH and NADH were .046 and .526 mM, respectively. While NADPH concentration was held constant, the Km value for heme was 1.01 microM with a specific activity of 583 unit/mg protein. The activity of the reconstituted heme oxygenase system was not affected by preincubation with heavy metals despite their inhibitory effect of NADPH cytochrome c (P450) reductase and biliverdin reductase. However, the metalloporphyrins of these heavy metals were found to be strong inhibitors of the reconsituted system with Ki values of 0.015, 0.6, 2.3 and 5 microM for Sn-, Co-, Zn- and Mg- protoporphyrins, respectively. Similarly, the sulfhydryl inactivating reagents, HgCl2, iodoacetamide and p-chloromercurylbenzoate, inhibited the reconstituted heme oxygenase activity. Rabbits were immunized with purified human liver heme oxygenase and the resulting antibody preparation was used to examine the species specificity of the enzyme. Microsomal protein with a molecular weight of 32,000 from rat and human liver as well as HepG2 cells were identified on dot and Western blots by their reaction with the anti-heme oxygenase similar to the purified enzyme protein. Anti-heme oxygenase precipitated quantitatively, the entire heme oxygenase of rat liver microsomes obtained from animals maintained on standard diet. The human bone marrow microsomal heme oxygenase activity was also quantitatively precipitated by this antibody. Antibody inhibition of rat and human heme xoygenase demonstrated a degree of conservation of both enzyme proteins between the species. As judged by Western blotting, the anti-heme oxygenase recognized only a single protein in spleen, liver, kidney, brain, heart, bone marrow, integtine and corneal epithelium. The human heme oxygenase cDNA was isolated by screening a cDNA library in the Okayama-Berg vector with a rat liver cDNA and was subjected to nucleotide sequence analysis. The deducted human heme oxygenase is also composed of 288 amino acids with a molecular mass of 32,800 Da.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3146911 TI - Serum amyloid A (SAA)--the precursor of protein AA in secondary amyloidosis. PMID- 3146910 TI - Characterization and metabolism of glycated high density lipoproteins in diabetic patients. PMID- 3146912 TI - Modulation of serum amyloid A gene expression by cytokines and bacterial cell wall components. PMID- 3146913 TI - Protein S and SAA: genetics, structure and metabolism. Are they apolipoproteins and identical? PMID- 3146914 TI - Effects of plasma lipoproteins on eicosanoid metabolism by cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. PMID- 3146915 TI - Eicosanoid synthesis in platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated fibroblasts. PMID- 3146916 TI - Genetic HDL deficiency states. PMID- 3146917 TI - Apolipoprotein A-I: deficiency in Tangier disease. PMID- 3146918 TI - Molecular genetics of coronary heart disease. PMID- 3146919 TI - Cholera toxin-induced ADP-ribosylation of a 46 kDa protein is decreased in brains of ethanol-fed mice. AB - The acute in vitro effects of ethanol on cerebral cortical adenylate cyclase activity and beta-adrenergic receptor characteristics suggested a site of action of ethanol at Gs, the stimulatory guanine nucleotide binding protein. After chronic ethanol ingestion, the beta-adrenergic receptor appeared to be uncoupled (i.e., the form of the receptor with high affinity for agonist was undetectable), and stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity by isoproterenol or guanine nucleotides was reduced, suggesting an alteration in the properties of Gs. To further characterize this change, cholera and pertussis toxin-mediated 32P-ADP ribosylation of mouse cortical membranes was assessed in mice that had chronically ingested ethanol in a liquid diet. 32P-labeled proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and quantitated by autoradiography. There was a selective 30-50% decrease in cholera toxin-induced labeling of 46 kDa protein band in membranes of ethanol-fed mice, with no apparent change in pertussis toxin-induced labeling. The 46 kDa protein has a molecular weight similar to that of the alpha subunit of Gs, suggesting a reduced amount of this protein or a change in its characteristics as a substrate for cholera toxin-induced ADP-ribosylation in cortical membranes of ethanol-fed mice. PMID- 3146921 TI - The aminopyrine breath test for the evaluation of liver function in alcoholic patients: drug pharmacokinetics and environmental factors. AB - Drug pharmacokinetics and environmental factors contribute to the selection of an ideal drug substrate for the determination of liver function via the carbon dioxide breath test. An ideal drug should be rapidly absorbed, and have an hepatic extraction ratio between 0.2 and 0.5. Its metabolism should not be induced by ethanol or be affected by cigarette smoking. The relative promise of caffeine and methacetin are compared to aminopyrine. PMID- 3146920 TI - Interactions of 5HT reuptake inhibitors and ethanol in tests of exploration and anxiety. AB - Treatment with 5HT reuptake inhibitors has been shown to attenuate ethanol consumption in both animals and humans. These experiments investigate in mice the interactions of the 5HT reuptake inhibitors fluoxetine, citalopram and fluvoxamine and the NA uptake inhibitor desipramine with ethanol in the holeboard test and the elevated plusmaze test of anxiety. Ethanol (2.4 g/kg) increased activity both in the holeboard and on the plusmaze, decreased both the number and duration of head-dips in the holeboard, and increased both the percentage time and percentage entries on to the open-arm of the plusmaze (reflecting its anxiolytic properties). On their own, the selective 5HT uptake inhibitors fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and citalopram and the NA uptake inhibitor desipramine (10-20 mg/kg) did not significantly alter any of the behavioral measures. The only consistent interaction was seen with fluoxetine which reduced ethanol's anxiolytic effects at the 20 mg/kg dose without altering ethanol's effects on exploration or locomotion. The results suggest that the attenuation of ethanol's anxiolytic properties by fluoxetine may not be serotonin related since other 5HT reuptake inhibitors did not show this effect at the doses used. PMID- 3146922 TI - [Testicular follicle-stimulating hormone receptors and effectiveness of human menopausal gonadotropin-human chorionic gonadotropin treatment in idiopathic male infertility]. AB - To investigate the relationship between testicular follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) receptors and the effectiveness of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG-hCG) treatment in idiopathic male infertility, 48 infertile men were examined. Most of the 14 patients without detectable testicular high affinity FSH receptors did not show any increase in sperm count after the hMG-hCG treatment, whereas 23 of the 34 patients with FSH receptors responded to the treatment. In patients with FSH receptors, patients with a middle or high Johnsen's score count responded more than those with a low score count did. From the above results, it seems that both the presence or absence of testicular FSH receptors and the histological appearance of spermatogenesis predict responsiveness to hMG-hCG treatment in infertile men. PMID- 3146923 TI - Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in cheese made of unpasteurized goat milk. PMID- 3146924 TI - Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) may be linked to the BF and HLA loci on human chromosome 6. AB - Although certain forms of epilepsy have long been suspected to be inherited, heterogeneity has made it difficult to find the genes responsible for any subtypes. We found that families ascertained through patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy show linkage with the BF and HLA loci on human chromosome 6. There is some evidence that the locus may be outside the HLA complex and no evidence as yet of an association with any allele of the HLA complex. PMID- 3146925 TI - Inherited lysosomal storage disease associated with deficiencies of beta galactosidase and alpha-neuraminidase in sheep. AB - Histopathologic, ultrastructural and Golgi impregnation studies disclosed lesions characteristic of a neuronal lysosomal storage disease in related sheep with onset of neurologic signs at 4-6 months. Biochemical and enzymatic evaluation disclosed storage of GM1 ganglioside, asialo-GM1, and neutral long chain oligosaccharides in brain, urinary excretion of neutral long chain oligosaccharides, and deficiencies of lysosomal beta-galactosidase and alpha neuraminidase. Retrospective and limited prospective genetic studies suggested autosomal recessive inheritance. A gene-dosage effect on beta-galactosidase levels was documented in fibroblasts from putative heterozygous sheep. Fibroblasts from affected sheep did not have increased beta-galactosidase activity after incubation with the protease inhibitor, leupeptin. In some aspects this disease is similar to GM1 gangliosidosis, but is unique in that a genetic defect in lysosomal beta-galactosidase may cause the deficiency of lysosomal alpha-neuraminidase. PMID- 3146926 TI - [Education of the patient on long-term oxygen therapy]. PMID- 3146927 TI - [Long-term oxygen therapy by transtracheal catheter]. PMID- 3146928 TI - [Oxygen-conserving devices for delivery of long-term oxygen therapy]. PMID- 3146929 TI - [Prescription of oxygen therapy in France (the administrative way of prescribing]. PMID- 3146930 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of browning products of glycation of protein amino groups based on their reactivity with nitro blue tetrazolium salts. PMID- 3146931 TI - Ultrastructural morphology of light beta cells in pancreatic tissue implanted into the anterior eye-chamber of rats. AB - The ultrastructure of light beta cells in pancreatic tissue implanted into the anterior eye-chamber of homologous rats was described using electron microscopical method. The light beta cells contain more mitochondria and rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and dilatated smooth endoplasmic reticuli than the dark beta cells. Their cytoplasm are poorly stained and contain secretory beta granules of similar morphological form to those in the dark cells. The secretory granules are also more heterogenous. The light cells seem to represent the early secretory stages of the beta cells. PMID- 3146933 TI - [Current aspects of tube feeding of patients in the postoperative period after maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3146932 TI - [Tube feeding as a component of intensive therapy of patients with severe suppurative infection and septicemia]. PMID- 3146935 TI - Room air ventilation for total intravenous general anaesthesia. AB - The use of room air alone to ventilate patients who were anaesthetized with total intravenous anaesthesia, including morphine 2 mg.kg-1, was studied in ten patients. The were scheduled for gastrectomy for peptic ulcer or stomach carcinoma. The patient's minute-ventilation was measured the day previous to surgery; this, together with a frequency of 14 c.min-1, was used to preset the ventilator. Alveolar ventilation, end-expiratory CO2, arterial blood gases and acid-base balance were monitored throughout the procedure. The blood oxygen level was found to remain similar to the reference value; there was a moderate hypocapnia, a low end-expiratory CO2 and minimal changes in acid-base balance. No pulmonary complication was encountered in the postoperative course. These results showed that room air could be used in unusual circumstances for healthy patients for whom a total intravenous anaesthetic technique has been chosen. PMID- 3146934 TI - [Blood gas composition, arterial blood pressure and cerebral blood flow during sanitization of the tracheobronchial tree in newborn infants]. PMID- 3146936 TI - Immunochemical relationship of three antigens purified from Pasteurella multocida strain P-1059. AB - Three antigens were prepared from a type-3 avian strain of Pasteurella multocida, and their chemical and immunologic characteristics were studied. An antigen, designated 2.5S, was extracted with 2.5% NaCl solution and purified by chromatography. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was extracted with phenol-water, and a third antigen, designated FS, was extracted in 0.3% formalin solution containing 0.85% NaCl and purified by differential centrifugation. The 2.5S and the FS antigens consisted of 40% protein and 15% carbohydrate, whereas LPS did not contain a substantial amount of protein. A major protein component with a molecular weight of 44,000 was detected in the 2.5S antigen, as well as in the FS antigen. Of the 3 antigens, LPS had the highest activity in mouse lethality and Limulus lysate tests. Antigenic cross-reactions among the 3 antigens were demonstrated by immunodiffusion tests. The 2.5S antigen was indistinguishable from the FS antigen, as both antigens contained the LPS component of approximately 45%. Treatments with various reagents indicated that the 2.5S and FS antigens contained at least 2 antigenic determinants. The first was a heat stable protein sensitive to protease or phenol-water, and the second was a periodate-sensitive carbohydrate, which was a major antigenic determinant on the LPS antigen. PMID- 3146937 TI - [IgM kappa Waldenstrom's disease with cryoglobulinemia disclosed by visceral leishmaniasis]. PMID- 3146938 TI - The benefits, costs and risks of topical tar preparations in the treatment of psoriasis: considerations of cost effectiveness. AB - Cost-effectiveness analysis provides an analytical framework for comparing the costs, benefits, and risks of treatment. Using these techniques we evaluated topical tar in the treatment of psoriasis. Topical tar has, at most, a small benefit in accelerating the clearing of psoriasis. There is no systematic evidence to suggest that using topical tar during clearing extends the length of a remission. This analysis suggests that using topical tar may increase costs of therapy three-to thirteen-fold without substantial clinical benefits. Adequate data to support tar as a cost-effective agent in the treatment of psoriasis is lacking. PMID- 3146939 TI - Comparative effectiveness of argon (488, 514 nm), green (514 nm.) and carbon dioxide (10,600 nm.) laser irradiation on vascular and other cutaneous lesions. AB - The effectiveness of blue-green light from an argon laser was compared to green light from the same source and/or CO2 laser radiation in 22 test site areas on 20 patients with port wine stains. Eight other patients with a variety of pigmented or benign hyperplastic disorders were also tested. There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of these three wavelengths of continuous wave laser radiation on the cutaneous lesions treated. Limited thermal damage to the skin is the most likely means through which these lasers bring about their useful results. PMID- 3146940 TI - Acquired factor VIIIC deficiency due to circulating factor VIIIC inhibitors. AB - The management of patients with Factor VIIIC inhibitor is frequently a therapeutic challenge. Treatment is often individualized. We describe 3 patients, nonhaemophilic adults, with bleeding diatheses caused by a circulating inhibitor to Factor VIIIC. One patient had long standing rheumatoid arthritis. The other two did not have any apparent underlying disease, although one of them had an antecedent antecedent phenylbutazone injection for arthralgias. Prednisolone was prescribed for two patients which resulted in rapid clinical improvement and the eventual normalization of Factor VIIIC activity. The role and rationale of immunosuppressive therapy in Factor VIIIC inhibitor is reviewed. PMID- 3146941 TI - Mitomycin C effect on Robertsonian translocations. AB - Centromeric breaks and dissociation of Robertsonian translocations have been suggested to be the cause of a few cases of mosaicism. One possible explanation for dissociation could be that the point of reunion of the two acrocentrics would be a structurally fragile site. Mitomycin C (MMC) treatment of lymphocyte cultures from 6 patients having a Robertsonian translocation showed that in cases 1 and 2, who were already mosaics, MMC induced a statistically significant increase of the number of cells with the dissociated translocation. In the remaining cases a preferential centromeric break on the translocation was observed, indicating instability of the region. The relationship of monocentric and dicentric translocations, the viability of the cells resulting from the dissociation, and the clinical implications are discussed. PMID- 3146942 TI - [Intravesical mitomycin for superficial tumors of the bladder: difficulties of cystoscopic monitoring]. AB - A short series of intravesical prophylactic instillations of mitomycin C for relapsing or multiple superficial bladder tumors is reported. With a mean follow up of 15 months, 6 out of 9 patients, had abnormal control cystoscopies at 12 months. However, only 2 of these 6 patients have presented with tumor recurrence. PMID- 3146943 TI - Communicable diseases--the dentist at risk. PMID- 3146944 TI - Origin of the human brain as a preadaptation to enhanced cognitive powers. AB - The paper examines the consequences of reliability adaptation which is considered as a preadaptation to enhanced cognitive powers of Homo sapiens. At the same time it is an answer to Eckhardt's (1987) critique of the reliability adaptation. PMID- 3146945 TI - Synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes for detection of Listeria monocytogenes. AB - A 500-base-pair DNA fragment of a presumptive beta-hemolysin gene of Listeria monocytogenes has been used to identify this organism by a modified colony hybridization technique. We have cloned this DNA fragment into M13 bacteriophage vectors and sequenced it by a dideoxynucleotide sequencing technique. From this sequencing information, several oligodeoxyribonucleotides were synthesized and used as synthetic probes to identify L. monocytogenes. The probes were specific for L. monocytogenes and did not react with any other Listeria strains in a colony hybridization assay. In particular, one of these probes (AD07) was used to detect L. monocytogenes in artificially contaminated raw-milk and soft-cheese samples. PMID- 3146946 TI - Carbon dioxide fixation and mixotrophic metabolism by strain DCB-1, a dehalogenating anaerobic bacterium. AB - Fixation by strain DCB-1 of CO2 carbon into cell material and organic acids occurred during growth on pyruvate both with and without thiosulfate. By using sodium [14C]bicarbonate and sodium [2-14C]pyruvate, the isotopic composition of products and cells was investigated. Up to 70% of cell carbon was derived from CO2. CO2 carbon was also incorporated into succinate, formate, and acetate. Both carbons of acetate underwent exchange reactions with CO2, although the carboxyl group exchange was twice as fast. Because strain DCB-1 uses CO2 as its major but not sole carbon source while deriving energy from pyruvate metabolism, we describe its metabolism as mixotrophic. Other mixotrophic conditions also supported growth. Lactate or butyrate, which could not support growth in mineral medium, could replace pyruvate as the oxidizable substrate only when acetate was added to the medium. PMID- 3146948 TI - Effect of phenolic monomers on the growth and beta-glucosidase activity of Bacteroides ruminicola and on the carboxymethylcellulase, beta-glucosidase, and xylanase activities of Bacteroides succinogenes. AB - trans-p-Coumaric acid inhibited the growth of Bacteroides ruminicola on both cellobiose and glucose, while trans-ferulic acid and vanillin retarded growth. The phenolic monomers varied in their potential to inhibit the Bacteroides succinogenes beta-glucosidase, carboxymethylcellulase, and xylanase, with p coumaric acid being the most inhibitory. The B. ruminicola beta-glucosidase was inhibited less than 10% by all three compounds. PMID- 3146947 TI - Comparison of seven plating media for enumeration of Listeria spp. AB - The suitability of seven media for the enumeration of Listeria spp. was evaluated at 30 degrees C for 48 h. The media tested were (i) the original McBride Listeria agar formulation (with glycine); (ii) modified McBride agar containing glycine anhydride; (iii) LiCl-phenylethanol-moxalactam (LPM) agar; (iv) acriflavine ceftazidime agar; (v) Rodriguez isolation agar (RISA); (vi) modified Vogel Johnson (MVJ) agar; (vii) cyclohexanedione-nalidixic acid-phenylethanol agar; and tryptose agar as control. A total of 66 organisms were used including 11 Listeria monocytogenes strains and 5 other Listeria spp. For L. monocytogenes strains only, all media performed highly similarly. Of the other Listeria spp., only two grew on MVJ agar and three each grew on LPM and RISA. Only LPM agar inhibited the 50 non-listeriae, including five yeasts, while MVJ agar inhibited all but one yeast. The McBride Listeria agar formulation that contained glycine anhydride was less selective than the original. When pure cultures of 10 bacteria (including one L. monocytogenes strain) were combined and plated on four media, L. monocytogenes colonies were easiest to enumerate on MVJ agar, followed by LPM and RISA. These media ranked in the same order when plated with homogenates of various foods to which was added L. monocytogenes Scott A, but LPM agar was the best overall since Scott A was inhibited by MVJ. Upon microscopic examination of listerial colonies from the plating media, atypical cell morphology was noted with cells being about twofold in size on LPM, MVJ, and acriflavine-ceftazidime agars. Overall, LPM agar was the most suitable of the media tested even though it was inhibitory to Listeria grayi and Listeria murrayi. PMID- 3146950 TI - Mineralization of the dibenzothiophene biodegradation products 3-hydroxy-2-formyl benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene sulfone. AB - Dibenzothiophene is degraded to 3-hydroxy-2-formyl benzothiophene by various bacteria, including a strain of Pseudomonas putida that also forms dibenzothiophene sulfone via an alternate pathway. By using these end products as substrates, mixed enrichment cultures that could degrade 3-hydroxy-2-formyl benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene sulfone with the formation of CO2 were established. PMID- 3146949 TI - Nucleotide sequences of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera genes for extracellular beta glucosidases as expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - We isolated two genes for extracellular beta-glucosidase, BGL1 and BGL2, from the genomic library of the yeast Saccharomycopsis fibuligera. Gene products (BGLI and BGLII) were purified from the culture fluids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with BGL1 and BGL2, respectively. Molecular weights of BGLI and BGLII were estimated to be 220,000 and 200,000 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The two beta-glucosidases showed the same enzymatic characteristics, such as thermo-denaturation kinetics and dependencies on pH and temperature, but quite different substrate specificities: BGLI hydrolyzed cellobiose efficiently, but BGLII did not. This result is consistent with the observation that the S. cerevisiae transformant carrying BGL1 fermented cellobiose to ethanol but the transformant carrying BGL2 did not. Southern blot analysis revealed that the two beta-glucosidase genes were derived from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and that the nucleotide sequences of the two genes are closely related. The complete nucleotide sequences of the two genes were determined. BGL1 and BGL2 encode 876- and 880-amino-acid proteins which were shown to be highly similar to each other. The putative precursors begin with hydrophobic segments that presumably act as signal sequences for secretion. Amino acid analysis of the purified proteins confirmed that BGL1 and BGL2 encode BGLI and BGLII, respectively. PMID- 3146951 TI - [Use of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in non-dairy formulas. II. Nitrogen balance in children with lactose intolerance, fed with a formula based on chickpea and a commercial soybean product]. AB - The nutritive value of chick-pea and soy infant formulas was evaluated. Nitrogen balance was performed in 17 malnourished babies, seven of which were fed with the chick-pea formula, and 10 with the soy commercial formula (Sobee). The percentage of absorption, retention and biological value of the chick-pea formula were 72.4, 26.4 and 35.1, respectively and 69.6, 24.3 and 34.0 in the same order, with the soy formula. Since the nutritional quality of the chick-pea was not different to the commercial soy formula and the diarrhea was better controlled by the former, this formula could be recommended in the treatment of lactating babies with lactose intolerance. PMID- 3146952 TI - [Views on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 3146953 TI - [18 and one-half years' survival after cardiac graft. Clinical course and anatomical findings]. AB - Operated upon in November, 1968, the last survivor of heart transplant recipients in those times has died on May 11, 1987, having survived 18 years and 6 months. The active life of this patient, however, was marred by episodes of graft rejection during the first post-operative years and by various incidents. It was mainly the complications of the immunosuppressive treatment that hampered his activities (osteoporosis) and provoked his death. Post-mortem examination confirmed that the heart was in good condition, found an active bronchial epithelioma and revealed iatrogenic lesions, namely adenomas, adenocarcinoma of the kidney and "regenerative" nodular hyperplasia of the liver with portal hypertension. Such lesions are observed in patients under long-term treatment with immunosuppressants. A "sleep apnoea" syndrome might have accounted for the formation of pulmonary hypertension lesions. The authors wish to pay their respects to this man who devoted himself to the service of other men. PMID- 3146955 TI - [Influence of the distribution of collateral circulation on left ventricular segmental kinetics]. AB - Correlations between left ventricular segmental kinetics and collateral circulation patterns were studied in 292 patients with coronary disease (182 women, 274 men: mean age 54 years). Left ventricular segmental kinetics were analyzed qualitatively by angiography (10 segments were individualized on RAO and LAO projections) and rated as normal, hypokinetic, akinetic or aneurysmal. The type of collateral circulation observed (contralateral, homocoronary and homolateral) and the number of collateral vessels were recorded. Collateral circulation was present in 49 p. 100 of the patients and in 29 p. 100 of the 587 pathological arteries (i.e. more than 50 p. 100 stenosis) identified. 89 p. 100 of the occluded arteries were revascularized by collateral circulation, the latter being effected by 213 collateral vessels (mean: 1.41 +/- 0.36 vessel per occluded artery). Collateral circulation through 1, 2 or 3 collateral vessels was noted in 62 p. 100, 35 p. 100 and 3 p. 100 respectively of the cases. Collateral circulation was contralateral in 51 p. 100, homocoronary in 33 p. 100 and homolateral in 16 p. 100 of the cases. Normal or hypokinetic segments in the territory of an occluded artery were more frequent in the presence (43 p. 100) than in the absence (31 p. 100) of collateral circulation, but the difference was not significant. They were also more frequent in three-vessel patients (59 p. 100) than in one-vessel (21 p. 100; p less than 0.01) or two-vessel (37 p. 100; p less than 0.05) patients in the presence of collateral circulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3146954 TI - [Prognosis of ventricular tachycardia]. AB - The prognosis of monomorphous, sustained, non-iatrogenic ventricular tachycardia was studied in 86 patients followed up for a mean period of 42.8 months. The patients were divided into three groups as follows: group I, 46 patients with myocardial infarction beyond the acute phase; group II, 30 patients with non ischaemic heart disease; group III, 10 patients without heart disease detectable at angiography and/or echotomography. Fifty patients died during the follow-up period. Forty (80 p. cent) of these deaths (26 in group I, 14 in group II) were due to cardiac causes: heart failure in 24 cases, sudden death in 15 cases, recurrent myocardial infarction in 1 case. The percentage of cardiac death was higher in patients with left ventricular dysfunction (66 p. 100 versus 15.2 p. 100) and when the ejection fraction was below 0.40 (52.9 p. 100 versus 11.8 p. 100). The proportion of sudden death was 66.7 p. 100 when Lown's grade IV ectopic rhythm persisted under treatment, and only 7.7 p. 100 when this was not the case (p less than 0.001). These results confirm that: ventricular tachycardia has a high mortality rate in patients with heart disease; ventricular tachycardia on a "healthy" heart is of good prognosis; left ventricular dysfunction and persistence of repetitive forms under treatment have a high predictive value for cardiac death. PMID- 3146957 TI - [Respective diagnostic value of CM5 and V5 leads in exercise tests. Comparative study of 100 cases]. AB - The respective diagnostic values of CM5 and V5 leads in exercise tests were studied in 100 patients, 89 of whom had coronary disease. Mean maximum ST depression and mean R wave amplitude at rest and at peak exertion were very much greater with CM5 than with V5 (p less than 0.0001). These two parameters seemed to vary concurrently. The contribution of both leads to the diagnosis in terms of sensitivity is probably the same; the more severe the coronary disease, the more pronounced the ST depression on CM5 tracings as compared to V5 tracings. A significant ST depression (1 mm) also appears more rapidly on the bipolar MC5 lead. PMID- 3146956 TI - [Replacement of the ascending aorta with reimplantation of coronary vessels. Apropos of 81 cases]. AB - Between 1973 and 1985, 81 patients underwent Bentall's operation. 90 p. 100 of the patients had cystic medionecrosis, but only 24 showed signs of Marfan's syndrome. It must be noted that 12 patients were reoperation cases, 18 were operated upon in an emergency for tamponade (stage V) on acute dissection, and 7 had lesions that involved the aortic arch. The operative procedure was that described by Bentall; Cabrol's modification was used in only 26 patients. The most recent improvements concerned myocardial and (in case of aortic involvement) cerebral protection with an autonomous perfusion of blood at very low temperature. Mortality was low in patients with annulo-aortic ectasia (1 death in 53 cases; 1.8 p. 100) and rose to 34.5 p. 100 (33.3 p. 100 in reoperation cases) in patients with chronic dissection. Evaluation of mortality by stage showed virtually no risk in stages I and II, whereas 4 of the 9 stage IV patients died within the first post-operative month. Late mortality with a mean follow-up of 4 years was 14.2 p. 100; 2 of the 10 deaths were accidental, and 4 of the remaining 8 deaths were due to the anticoagulant therapy (death was precipitated in 2 cases by the presence of a cerebral aneurysm). No case of systemic embolism was observed, and the authors raise the question of whether long-term anticoagulant therapy should be abandoned. None of the patients who underwent Bentall's operation were reoperated upon, whereas 7 out of the 23 patients who had had supracoronary aortic replacement before 1976 had been reoperated upon within a few years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3146958 TI - [Validation of a method for measuring the area of aortic stenosis using only continuous Doppler. Value for the surveillance of transluminal aortic valvuloplasties]. AB - Forty patients with aortic valve stenosis underwent continuous wave doppler echocardiographic exploration followed by catheterization within 24 hours on average. Three methods of aortic functional area calculation, based on the continuity equation principle, were tried and compared with the haemodynamic data. The results of the reference equation (continuity through the whole systole) gave a correlation coefficient r = 0.77 with a standard error (SE) of 0.17 cm2. The continuity equation using only maximum velocity values was less satisfactory: r = 0.69; SE = 0.19 cm2. The simplified equation with an arbitrary 2 cm subaortic diameter and a subaortic velocity obtained by continuous wave doppler recording yielded results that were very similar to those of the reference equation: r = 0.78; SE = 0.16 cm2. It is suggested that this third equation should be used in the follow-up of transluminal aortic valvuloplasties, since its calculation is based only on aortic velocity, which reflects the degree of stenosis, and subaortic velocity, which indirectly reflects left ventricular function. PMID- 3146959 TI - [Should the Isuprel test be performed systematically in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?]. AB - The isoprenaline (Is) test was designed by Wellens et al. in 1982 to evaluate the effect of catecholamines on the effective refractory period (ERP) of Kent's bundle (K). The purpose of our study was to assess the value of this test in the prognosis of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW), to define its criteria of severity and to determine the usefulness of the test. Out of 33 patients with WPW syndrome, 10 (group I) had a clinical history of severe arrhythmia and 23 (group II) were asymptomatic or had paroxysmal nodal tachycardia. The prognosis of WPW syndrome was evaluated by measuring Kent's bundle ERP under coupled atrial stimulation (S1 S2) and the shortest cycle conducted by K during induced atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial pacing (AP) both in the basal state (B) and under a 20-30 micrograms Is infusion. (table; see text). Analysis of the results showed constant shortening of ERP in group I and reproduction of the clinical tachycardia in 6 cases. In group II patients isoprenaline unmasked the WPW syndrome in 3 cases and reproduced the clinical tachycardia in 5 cases. The ERP of Kent's bundle evaluated by S1 S2 became smaller or equal to 220 ms in 70 p. 100 of the cases, and this shortening was not specific. The shortest cycle in AF or AP became inferior of equal to 220 ms in only 6 cases, the history being concordant with clinical findings in 4 of them. Altogether, the most reliable and simplest way of evaluating the severity of WPW syndrome is the highest frequency conducted by Kent's bundle in atrial pacing during the Is test which should be performed in all patients in view of its specificity, simplicity and safety. PMID- 3146960 TI - [Chronic aortic dissection disclosed by pericardial effusion. Apropos of 3 cases]. AB - Three exceptional cases of chronic aortic dissection revealed by a pericardial effusion are reported. The patients were two men and a woman admitted for thoracic pain or fever. Initial diagnoses were myocardial infarction, infective endocarditis and tuberculous pericarditis. The effusions were drained on two occasions. Because the pericardial fluid was a mixture of serum and blood, computerized tomography of the thorax and abdomen was performed. All three cases were then diagnosed as aortic dissection (type II in two cases and type III in one case, with retrograde extension to the ascending aorta). The authors underline the utility of drainage and the need for systematic CT scans in patients with sero-haematic pericardial effusion of uncertain origin. PMID- 3146961 TI - [Doppler color echocardiography in the diagnosis of 4 septal perforations complicating anterior myocardial infarction]. AB - The 4 cases reported here are meant to illustrate the value of colour doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of ventricular septal rupture consecutive to an anterior myocardial infarction. With this method, the examination begins with colour doppler ultrasound superimposed on two-dimensional echocardiographic images and is completed by pulsed and continuous wave doppler velocimetry. In all 4 patients an abnormal colour doppler flow was visualized from the outset; it started in the left ventricule and crossed the ventricular septum to enter the right ventricule, thus confirming the diagnosis and locating the septal defect. This abnormal flow was easy to recognize. On the apical "4 cavity" projection it followed a semi-circular anti-clockwise course which occurred at each cardiac cycle. The flow was red at first in presystole at the apex of the left ventricule; it became blue in pre- and middle-systole while traversing the septum, then mosaic-like in middle- or end-systole around the septal defect on the right ventricular side, and finally blue again in pre-diastole within the right ventricle. The blue trans-septal flow persisted at least up to pre diastole. The diagnosis of septal rupture was confirmed at surgery in 3 cases and at right heart catheterization in 1 case. Colour doppler-echocardiography is a simple, efficient and rapid method, superior to contrast echocardiography or pulsed doppler alone, for direct real-time visualization of the shunt. It makes the septal defect easy to locate, and it avoids invasive exploratory manoeuvres in cases where surgery is contra-indicated and/or when coronary angiography is not mandatory. PMID- 3146962 TI - [Spontaneous course of myxoma of the left atrium]. AB - Little is known about the natural history of left intra-atrial myxomas. We report 3 cases of that disease where successive echocardiographic examinations provided figures of 11, 12 and 14 months respectively for the formation of the tumour in the left atrium. Echocardiography is perfectly reliable for the diagnosis of myxoma. False-negative results are rare and usually due to very small myxomas being beyond the resolution potential of the instrument; this seems to have been the case in 2 of our 3 patients. Two data, however, remain unknown: the beginning of formation and the rapidity of tumoral growth. These 3 cases raise the problem of repeat echocardiography some time after a cerebral accident of suspected embolic origin, when the initial examination is negative. PMID- 3146963 TI - [Selective embolization of mycotic aneurysm of the branches of the abdominal aorta]. AB - We report two cases of multiple aneurysm complicating bacterial endocarditis and involving the hepatic, renal and superior mesenteric arteries. The aneurysms were treated by the superselective embolization technique hitherto restricted to cerebral arteries. The first patient had been operated upon for mitral valve endocarditis. Because of a persistent anicteric cholestasis, repeat ultrasonography and computerized tomographic scan were performed which revealed two intrahepatic aneurysms associated, at arteriography, with an aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery. The patient underwent superselective embolization of one of the intrahepatic aneurysms, then of the superior mesenteric artery aneurysm. Angiographic cure was obtained and persists after a 17-month follow-up. In the second patient, persistent clinical and biochemical hepatic abnormalities after mitral and aortic valve replacements for endocarditis prompted us to perform an ultrasonography which showed a large hepatic aneurysm, and an abdominal arteriography which disclosed the presence of several aneurysms. Because of its size and suspected fissuration, the hepatic aneurysm was treated by superselective embolization, and this was followed by embolization of a renal artery. The immediate post-treatment period was uneventful, and complete angiographic cure was confirmed after 6 months. Superselective embolization seems to give good results at mid-term and should therefore be considered for fragile patients with multiple abdominal aneurysms. PMID- 3146964 TI - [Contribution of MRI to the diagnosis of double aortic arch]. AB - The authors present a case of double aortic arch explored by MRI and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of MRI as compared to other noninvasive imaging methods, such as ultrasounds and digital angiography, in congenital pathology of the aorta. Because it provides good quality images, can explore the aorta in all three dimensions, has optimal vascular contrast without contrast injection and carries no risk, MRI is indispensable in all cases where ultrasonography finds its limitations. Besides, the subjective factor inherent in the operator is very small, and MRI is the best available method to study the relations between the aorta and the surrounding organs; this is particularly important in case of double aortic arch owing to compression of the neighbouring organs with, notably, stridor. However, the vascular map is less accurate than with angiography, and the cost, the problem of access to the machines and the long time required for acquisitions limit the use of MRI. PMID- 3146965 TI - [QT prolongation and induction of torsades de pointe by flecainide. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors report the case of a 68-year old woman treated since 1986 with flecainide acetate for atrial disease. She was admitted to hospital in January 1988 for syncopes due to torsades de pointe. The QTc interval reached 0.68 s without change in QRS duration. After flecainide was discontinued and water and salts disorders were corrected, the QTc interval returned to normal. Prolongation of QT under flecainide is exceptional, and to our knowledge the occurrence of torsades de pointe has not previously been reported with this drug. PMID- 3146966 TI - [The history of electricity in cardiology. 1]. PMID- 3146968 TI - Serological characterisation of Australian isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. AB - Using hyperimmune rabbit antiserums to 8 reference serovar strains, a total of 51 Australian isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were serotyped by either a rapid slide agglutination test or a gel diffusion test. The results were: serovar 1-24 isolates; serovar 2-6 isolates; serovar 3-5 isolates; serovar 7-15 isolates; nontypable-1 isolate. The rapid slide agglutination test was suitable for screening field isolates, as 73% of those tested reacted with only 1 of the 8 antiserums and were assigned to a particular serovar of the basis of this test alone. PMID- 3146967 TI - [Adaptation of rats, after weaning, to a diet with a high concentration of lactose. I. Evaluation of water and diet ingestion]. AB - Twelve female Wistar rats, weaned at 21 days, were allocated in two groups: Lactose Group composed by six rats receiving a normal laboratory diet added with 25 g of lactose for each 100 g of final mixture, and the Saccharose Group that was fed with the same diet but with the lactose being replaced by saccharose in the same proportion; both groups were studied for 28 days. The rats were weighed at the beginning of the experiment and on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days; the relative ingestion of water and diet was evaluated for each animal on the same days except for the first. During the observation period weight gain was significantly lower on the Lactose Group compared to the Saccharose Group, although this difference became less evident towards the end of the experiment. In the Lactose Group the diet ingestion was higher on the 21st and 28th days opposed to the water ingestion which was higher on the 7th and 14th days. The results here presented suggest that, in spite of the ontogenic fall of intestinal lactase in rats, these animals can, even after weaning, accommodate to high doses of dietary lactose, by using adaptative pathways which deserve further investigation. PMID- 3146969 TI - Spectral analysis of Drosophila courtship songs: D. melanogaster, D. simulans, and their interspecific hybrid. PMID- 3146970 TI - Kinetic studies on the broad-specificity beta-D-glucosidase from pig kidney. AB - A broad-specificity beta-D-glucosidase from pig kidney cortex was isolated and purified to homogeneity by a rapid purification procedure. The pI (5.14 +/- 0.05), Mr (59,000 +/- 2000) and specific activities with several p-nitrophenyl glycosides (galactopyranoside, glucopyranoside, arabinopyranoside, xylopyranoside) were comparable with those published previously for cytoplasmic beta-D-glucosidase from other sources and organs. Mixed-substrate experiments and inhibition studies with glucono-(1----5)-lactone revealed that a single active centre, containing one catalytic site and one saccharide-binding site, was responsible for the splitting of all four synthetic substrates. Inhibition experiments with substrate analogues demonstrated that (i) the major binding determinant of the glycosides was the aglycone moiety, (ii) an anionic side chain of the enzyme (probably a carboxy group) interacted with the glycosidic linkages and (iii) the properties of the aglycone significantly influenced the binding of the carbohydrate moiety. The inhibition constants of the p-nitrothiophenyl derivatives were in good agreement with the Km values of the corresponding substrates. Therefore the Michaelis constants could be regarded as true equilibrium constants (Ks). The 'three-point-attachment model' of the substrate splitting, proposed by Daniels [(1983) Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh] for the analogous liver enzyme, was applicable for beta-D-glucosidase from pig kidney too. The possible nature of the 'attachments' is discussed. PMID- 3146972 TI - Kinetic analysis of the interaction between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and tissue-type plasminogen activator. AB - The kinetics of inhibition of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) by the fast-acting plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was investigated in homogeneous (plasma) and heterogeneous (solid-phase fibrin) systems by using radioisotopic and spectrophotometric analysis. It is demonstrated that fibrin bound t-PA is protected from inhibition by PAI-1, whereas t-PA in soluble phase is rapidly inhibited (K1 = 10(7) M-1.s-1) even in the presence of 2 microM plasminogen. The inhibitor interferes with the binding of t-PA to fibrin in a competitive manner. As a consequence the Kd of t-PA for fibrin (1.2 +/- 0.4 nM) increases and the maximal velocity of plasminogen activation by fibrin-bound t-PA is not modified. From the plot of the apparent Kd versus the concentration of PAI 1 a Ki value of 1.3 +/- 0.3 nM was calculated. The quasi-similar values for the dissociation constants between fibrin and t-PA (Kd) and between PAI-1 and t-PA (Ki), as well as the competitive type of inhibition observed, indicate that the fibrinolytic activity of human plasma may be the result of an equilibrium distribution of t-PA between both the amount of fibrin generated and the concentration of circulating inhibitor. PMID- 3146971 TI - Mechanisms whereby insulin increases diacylglycerol in BC3H-1 myocytes. AB - We previously suggested that insulin increases diacylglycerol (DAG) in BC3H-1 myocytes, both by increases in synthesis de novo of phosphatidic acid (PA) and by hydrolysis of non-inositol-containing phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). We have now evaluated these insulin effects more thoroughly, and several potential mechanisms for their induction. In studies of the effect on PA synthesis de novo, insulin stimulated [2-3H]glycerol incorporation into PA, DAG, PC/PE and total glycerolipids of BC3H-1 myocytes, regardless of whether insulin was added simultaneously with, or after 2 h or 3 or 10 days of prelabelling with, [2-3H]glycerol. In prelabelled cells, time-related changes in [2-3H]glycerol labelling of DAG correlated well with increases in DAG content: both were maximal in 30-60 s and persisted for 20-30 min. [2-3H]Glycerol labelling of glycerol 3-phosphate, on the other hand, was decreased by insulin, presumably reflecting increased utilization for PA synthesis. Glycerol 3 phosphate concentrations were 0.36 and 0.38 mM before and 1 min after insulin treatment, and insulin effects could not be explained by increases in glycerol 3 phosphate specific radioactivity. In addition to that of [2-3H]glycerol, insulin increased [U-14C]glucose and [1,2,3-3H]glycerol incorporation into DAG and other glycerolipids. Effects of insulin on [2-3H]glycerol incorporation into DAG and other glycerolipids were half-maximal and maximal at 2 nM- and 20 nM-insulin respectively, and were not dependent on glucose concentration in the medium, extracellular Ca2+ or protein synthesis. Despite good correlation between [3H]DAG and DAG content, calculated increases in DAG content from glycerol 3-phosphate specific radioactivity (i.e. via the pathway of PA synthesis de novo) could account for only 15-30% of the observed increases in DAG content. In addition to increases in [3H]glycerol labelling of PC/PE, insulin rapidly (within 30 s) increased PC/PE labelling by [3H]arachidonic acid, [3H]myristic acid, and [14C]choline. Phenylephrine, ionophore A23187 and phorbol esters did not increase [2-3H]glycerol incorporation into DAG or other glycerolipids in 2-h-prelabelling experiments; thus activation of the phospholipase C which hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol, its mono- and bis-phosphate, Ca2+ mobilization, and protein kinase C activation, appear to be ruled out as mechanisms to explain the insulin effect on synthesis de novo of PA, DAG and PC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3146973 TI - The conjugation of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide, a potent carcinogen, by mammalian glutathione transferases. 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide conjugation by human, rat and mouse liver cytosols, extrahepatic organs of mice and purified mouse glutathione transferase isoenzymes. AB - The conjugation of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide with GSH by human, rat and mouse liver cytosols, by purified mouse GSH transferases and by extrahepatic organ cytosols of male and female mice was investigated. 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide was as effectively conjugated by human liver cytosol as was 1-chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene, at a substrate concentration of 0.1 mM. Mouse isoenzymes composed of Yb1 and Yf subunits exhibited high activity towards 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. Human, rat and mouse hepatic activities towards this substrate correlated with the hepatic isoenzyme compositions. PMID- 3146974 TI - Epidermal growth factor stimulates phospholipase A2 in vasopressin-treated rat glomerular mesangial cells. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) enhances vasopressin- and ionophore-A23187-induced prostaglandin production and arachidonate release by rat glomerular mesangial cells in culture. The purpose of the present study was to delineate the phospholipid pathways involved in this effect. In cells labelled with [14C]arachidonate, EGF significantly enhanced the free arachidonate released in response to A23187 or vasopressin without enhancing the production of [14C]arachidonate-labelled diacylglycerol. EGF increased the [14C]arachidonate labelled phosphatidic acid formed in response to vasopressin, but to a much smaller extent than it increased free arachidonate release. These results indicate that activation of phospholipase C is not sufficient to explain the increase in free arachidonate release observed on addition of EGF. To examine if EGF enhanced phospholipase A2 activity, mesangial cells were labelled with [2 2H]glycerol and [14C]-arachidonate, and the formation of arachidonate-poor lysophospholipids was studied. When combined with vasopressin, EGF significantly enhanced the formation of arachidonate-poor lysophospholipids as compared with vasopressin alone. The fate of exogenously added lysophosphatidylcholine was not altered after stimulation with vasopressin plus EGF, indicating that decreased deacylation or reacylation of the lysophospholipids was not responsible for their accumulation. Taken together, these results indicate that EGF enhances free arachidonate release by activation of phospholipase A2. The signalling mechanism responsible for the change in phospholipase A2 activity is not known, but could conceivably involve phosphorylation of modulating proteins such as lipocortin or G-proteins. PMID- 3146975 TI - Influence of interferon-gamma and extracellular tryptophan on indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase activity in T24 cells as determined by a non-radiometric assay. AB - The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.17) activity in human T24 cells has been investigated in cell extracts by using a non-radioactive assay. It is enhanced in a dose-dependent manner up to 25-fold by interferon-gamma. The maximum reaction velocity is increased rather than the Km, which remains at 4 mumol/l. Induction of activity starts 3 h after stimulation and reaches a plateau at 21-48 h. Decreased stimulation was observed in the presence of high L tryptophan concentrations. PMID- 3146976 TI - Spectroscopic studies of the reaction between bovine serum amine oxidase (copper containing) and some hydrazides and hydrazines. AB - The carbonyl cofactor of bovine serum amine oxidase, recently identified as pyrroloquinoline quinone [Ameyama, Hayashi, Matsushita, Shinagawa & Adachi (1984) Agric. Biol. Chem. 48, 561-565; Lobenstein-Verbeek, Jongejan, Frank & Duine (1984) FEBS Lett. 170, 305-309], reacts stoichiometrically and irreversibly with hydrazides of phenylacetic acid and of benzoic acid. With the phenylacetic hydrazides a reversible intermediate step was detected by competition with substrate, carbonylic reagents or phenylhydrazine, a typical inhibitor of the enzyme. All hydrazides form an intense broad band with maximum absorbance in a narrow wavelength range (350-360 nm), irrespective of the acyl group, suggesting that the transition is located on the organic cofactor. A different situation is found with some phenylhydrazines, where extended conjugation can occur between the cofactor and the phenyl pi-electron system via the azo group, as shown by the lower energy and higher intensity of the transition. In this case the transition is sensitive to substituents in the phenyl ring. The c.d. spectrum of the adducts is influenced by the type of hydrazide (derived from phenylacetic acid or benzoic acid), by pH and by NN-diethyldithiocarbamate binding to copper, probably as a result of shifts of equilibria between hydrazone-azo tautomers. PMID- 3146977 TI - The role of a cathepsin D-like activity in the release of Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc alpha 2-6-sialyltransferase from rat liver Golgi membranes during the acute-phase response. AB - Golgi-membrane-bound Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc alpha 2-6-sialyltransferase (CMP-N acetylneuraminate:beta-galactoside alpha 2-6-sialyltransferase, EC 2.4.99.1) behaves as an acute-phase reactant increasing about 5-fold in serum in rats suffering from inflammation. The mechanism of release from the Golgi membrane is not understood. In the present study it was found that sialyltransferase could be released from the membrane by treatment with ultrasonic vibration (sonication) followed by incubation at reduced pH. Maximum release occurred at pH 5.6, and membranes from inflamed rats released more enzyme than did membranes from controls. Galactosyltransferase (UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase; EC 2.4.1.38), another Golgi-located enzyme, which does not behave as an acute-phase reactant, remained bound to the membranes under the same conditions. Release of the alpha 2-6-sialyltransferase from Golgi membranes was substantially inhibited by pepstatin A, a potent inhibitor of cathepsin D-like proteinases. Inhibition of release of the sialyltransferase also occurred after preincubation of sonicated Golgi membranes with antiserum raised against rat liver lysosomal cathepsin D. Addition of bovine spleen cathepsin D to incubation mixtures of sonicated Golgi membranes caused enhanced release of the sialyltransferase. Intact Golgi membranes were incubated at lowered pH in presence of pepstatin A to inhibit any proteinase activity at the cytosolic face; subsequent sonication showed that the sialyltransferase had been released, suggesting that the proteinase was active at the luminal face of the Golgi. Golgi membranes contained a low level of cathepsin D activity (EC 3.4.23.5); the enzyme was mainly membrane-bound, since it could only be released by extraction with Triton X-100 or incubation of sonicated Golgi membranes with 5 mM-mannose 6 phosphate. Immunoblot analysis showed that the transferase released from sonicated Golgi membranes at lowered pH had an apparent Mr of about 42,000 compared with one of about 49,000 for the membrane-bound enzyme. Values of Km for the bound and released enzyme activities were comparable and were similar to values reported previously for liver and serum enzymes. The work suggests that a major portion of sialyltransferase containing the catalytic site is released from a membrane anchor by a cathepsin D-like proteinase located at the luminal face of the Golgi and that this explains the acute-phase behaviour of this enzyme. PMID- 3146978 TI - Chemical and enzymic oxidation by tyrosinase of 3,4-dihydroxymandelate. AB - Tyrosinase usually catalyses the conversion of monophenols into o-diphenols and the oxidation of diphenols to the corresponding o-quinones. Sugumaran [(1986) Biochemistry 25, 4489-4492] has previously proposed an unusual oxidative decarboxylation of 3,4-dihydroxymandelate catalysed by tyrosinase. Our determination of the intermediates involved in the reaction demonstrated that 3,4 dihydroxybenzaldehyde is not the first intermediate appearing in the medium during the enzymic reaction. Re-examination of this new activity of tyrosinase has demonstrated that the product of the enzyme action is the o-quinone, which, owing to its instability, evolves to the final product, 3,4 dihydroxybenzaldehyde, by a chemical reaction of oxidative decarboxylation. PMID- 3146979 TI - The calcium ionophore A23187 increases the tight-junctional permeability in rat liver. AB - The effect of an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration on tight-junctional permeability in rat liver was studied by using the calcium ionophore A23187. Infusion of 100 microliters of dimethyl sulphoxide containing various amounts of A23187 over 30 min into isolated perfused livers was followed by a pulse of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) under single-pass conditions. The first biliary HRP peak, a measure of junctional permeability, was increased 4-fold with 100 micrograms of A23187. There were, however, no significant effects on bile flow or on aspartate aminotransferase leakage as compared with the control at this dosage, and thus the increase in junctional permeability was occurring without evidence of appreciable cholestatic or hepatocellular damage. Higher dosages of A23187, however, caused not only an increase in HRP peak height but also changes in bile flow and increases in aminotransferase leakage, indicating more extensive effects at these higher dosages. A second peak of HRP secretion, occurring 20-25 min after the HRP pulse, was also elevated approx. 3.5-fold; this may indicate that pinocytosis and transcellular movement of HRP are also increased under these conditions. PMID- 3146980 TI - Protein-sequence studies on Rh-related polypeptides suggest the presence of at least two groups of proteins which associate in the human red-cell membrane. AB - The Rh D blood-group antigen forms part of a complex, involving several other polypeptides, that is deficient in the red cells of individuals who lack all the antigens of the Rh blood-group system (Rhnull red cells). These include components recognized by anti-(Rh D) antibodies and the murine monoclonal antibodies R6A and BRIC 125. We have carried out protein-sequence studies on the components immunoprecipitated by these antibodies. Anti-(Rh D) antibodies immunoprecipitate an Mr-30,000-32,000 polypeptide (the D30 polypeptide) and an Mr 45,000-100,000 glycoprotein (D50 polypeptide). Antibody R6A immunoprecipitates two glycoproteins of Mr 31,000-34,000 (R6A32 polypeptide) and Mr 35,000-52,000 (R6A45 polypeptide). The D30 and R6A32 polypeptides were found to have the same N terminal amino acid sequences, showing that they are closely related proteins. The D50 polypeptide and the R6A45 polypeptide also had indistinguishable N terminal amino acid sequences that differed from that of the D30 and R6A32 polypeptides. The putative N-terminal membrane-spanning segments of the two groups of proteins showed homology in their amino acid sequence, which may account for the association of each of the pairs of proteins during co precipitation by the antibodies. Supplementary data related to the protein sequence have been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50417 (6 pages) at the British Library Document Supply Centre, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1988) 249, 5. PMID- 3146981 TI - The primary structure of the variable region of an immunoglobin IV light-chain amyloid-fibril protein (AL GIL). AB - The primary structure of the variable region of an amyloid-fibril protein GIL of immunoglobulin lambda-light-chain origin (AL) was determined. The AL protein obtained from the fibrils in the spleen of a 54-year-old man with primary systemic amyloidosis could be assigned to subgroup IV of the lambda variable region sequence. About 50% of the protein was found to be truncated in the N terminus and lacked the first six amino acid residues. The polypeptides consisted of about 146 amino acid residues and contained traces of carbohydrate. An acceptor site for N-glycosylation was found in positions 90-93, but no glycopeptide could be isolated. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of AL protein GIL with that of the only Bence-Jones protein of subgroup IV previously studied revealed a sequence homology of 89%. A similar comparison made with other AL proteins gave sequence homologies below 66%. PMID- 3146983 TI - Synthesis of glucuronides of propafenone and 5-hydroxypropafenone by Sepharose bound uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronyltransferase. AB - Propafenone (Rytmonorm) and its in vivo metabolite 5-hydroxypropafenone were glucuronidated by agarose-bound uridine 5'-diphospho (UDP)-glucuronyltransferase from bovine liver in the presence of UDP-glucuronic acid. The identification of the synthesized glucuronides was based on the specific enzymatic hydrolysis, by mass spectrometry and by chromatographic comparison with isolated metabolites from dog and man. The glucuronidation of propafenone and 5-hydroxypropafenone followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics up to substrate concentration of 0.4 mmol/l (propafenone) and 0.3 mmol/l (5-hydroxypropafenone). The pH optima were 7.5 and 8.0, respectively. The reaction was linear up to 30 min and for a protein concentration between 1 and 5 mg per assay. 5-Hydroxypropafenone showed the best affinity with a Km value of 1.4 mmol/l, in contrast to 11.6 mmol/l for propafenone. The use of agarose-bound UDP-glucuronyltransferase offers the possibility to synthesize propafenone glucuronide and 5-hydroxypropafenone glucuronide which are needed for kinetic and pharmacological studies in man and animal. PMID- 3146984 TI - Decrease of bleeding time by a peptide fraction from bovine factor VIII in laboratory animals. AB - A peptide fraction of low molecular weight prepared from bovine Factor VIII by enzymatic hydrolysis (Vueffe) reduces bleeding time in laboratory animals. In this study the haemostatic action in mice, rats and rabbits was investigated using different experimental conditions. This action was observed in animals with either normal or experimentally prolonged bleeding time, thus suggesting better efficacy in pathological situations. The evidence obtained following different routes of administration confirmed the activity of the compound. The efficacy was present at very low doses in all animal species without interfering either with platelets or with blood coagulation. PMID- 3146985 TI - Effects of isosorbide dinitrate on thromboxane A2 synthesis in carbon dioxide exposed platelets. AB - Isosorbide dinitrate (Nitorol R, 100 nmol/l) blocked an increase in thromboxane B2 concentration in human platelet-rich plasma caused by exposure to high CO2 tension, in the presence of arachidonic acid. Thromboxane B2 concentrations obtained at 1 or 2 mmol/l or arachidonic acid were not influenced by isosorbide dinitrate at low CO2 tension. Inhibitory action of isosorbide dinitrate on the thromboxane A2 synthesis appears to have a close relation to the site of CO2 action. PMID- 3146982 TI - Mobilization of arachidonic acid in collagen-stimulated human platelets. AB - Stimulation of platelets with collagen results in the mobilization of arachidonic acid (AA) from phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). In this study the effect of aspirin, indomethacin, BW755C and prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) on labelled AA release in response to varied concentrations of collagen was investigated. Our results indicate that aspirin (0.56 mM) and indomethacin (5.6 microM) not only inhibited the collagen-mediated formation of cyclo-oxygenase metabolites, but also caused a significant reduction in the accumulation of free labelled AA and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) (21-64%). Aspirin and indomethacin also inhibited the release of [3H]AA from PC (37-75%) and PI (33-63%). The inhibition of AA release caused by aspirin was reversed partially by PGH2 (1 microM). In contrast, a smaller/no inhibition of collagen-stimulated labelled AA and 12-HETE accumulation (0-11%) and of collagen-stimulated AA loss from PC and PI was observed in the presence of BW755C. The results obtained in the presence of aspirin, indomethacin and BW755C at lower concentrations of collagen further demonstrate that AA release from PI (45-61% inhibition at 10 micrograms of collagen), but not from PC, was affected by the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase. The results obtained on the effect of PGH2 further support that deacylation of phospholipids occurs independently of cyclo-oxygenase metabolites, particularly at higher concentrations of collagen. These results also demonstrate that aspirin and indomethacin, but not BW755C, cause a direct inhibition of collagen-induced [3H]AA liberation from PC as well as from PI. We also conclude that the diacylglycerol lipase pathway is a minor, but important, route for AA release from PI in collagen-stimulated human platelets. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of AA release by collagen in the absence of cyclo-oxygenase metabolites are not clear. PMID- 3146986 TI - [Screening of the new benzodiazepine derivative, pinazepan, and its major metabolites]. AB - The paper describes a sensitive method for the detection of 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro 5-phenyl-1-(2-propinyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine -2-one (pinazepam, Domar) and its major metabolites. PMID- 3146987 TI - Blood group ABO and Lewis antigens in bladder tumors: correlation between glycosyltransferase activity and antigen expression. AB - Pronounced changes in the expression of ABO and Lewis antigens have been observed in transitional cell carcinomas compared with normal urothelium. These changes are associated with changes in the activity of blood-group gene-encoded glycosyltransferases. This paper describes the correlation between blood-group antigen expression and the activity of glycosyltransferases in transitional cell carcinomas. Examined individuals were A1A2BO, Lewis, and secretor typed by the use of blood and saliva. The activity of alpha-2-, and alpha-4-L fucosyltransferases as well as the alpha-3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase were determined as p-moles of labelled sugar incorporated by Lacto-N-biose I and 2'-fucosyllactose, respectively, per 100,000 carcinoma cells. In 3 non-secretors whose erythrocytes types as Le(a+b-), the alpha-2-L-fucosyltransferase activity was similar to that in 3 secretors, and the Leb antigen could be demonstrated to be present by monoclonal antibodies, both by immunohistological and immunochemical means. In 11 tumors from A individuals, the A1-transferase was severely reduced in 9 individuals who showed a loss of A antigen expression, and present in 2 individuals with A antigen expression in cytoplasmic vesicles. In conclusion, we demonstrate a good correlation between individual glycosyltransferase activity and expression of blood group Leb and loss of expression of blood group A in transitional cell carcinomas. Immunostaining of neutral glycolipids separated by TLC showed the Leb-active glycolipids to be simple hexa-saccharides in both secretors and non-secretors. PMID- 3146988 TI - [Experimental cerebral vasospasm induced by oxyhemoglobin and the sympathetic nervous system (Part 2): An investigation into denervation supersensitivity]. AB - The pathological mechanism of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage has not been well clarified until now. There have been reports that denervation supersensitivity in cerebral vessels occurring after subarachnoid hemorrhage may possible play a role in the appearance of cerebral vasospasm. On the other hand, we have accepted that oxyhemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) is an important spasmogenic substance. In the present study, we investigated the effect of chemical denervation (reserpine or 6-hydroxydopamine: 6-OHDA) and surgical denervation (bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy: SCG) on the constrictive sensitivity of cat basilar arteries to noradrenaline (Nor) and oxyhemoglobin (Oxy Hb) in situ. METHOD: Adult cats were anesthetized with intramuscular pentobarbital and maintained on a respirator through a tracheostomy. By the transclival approach, the basilar artery was exposed. A cannula was then inserted into the subarachnoid space, and through it, Oxy-Hb and Nor were injected. The sequential changes in caliber of the basilar artery were measured using photography. SCG was done 7 days before the application of Nor or Oxy-Hb and 14 days before application of Oxy-Hb. Pretreatment with reserpine was done as follows: 1 mg/kg of reserpine was injected subcutaneously once each day for 2 days. On the following day, the sensitivity of the basilar arteries to Nor or Oxy Hb was assessed. Pretreatment with 6-OHDA was done as follows: 5 mg of 6-OHDA was dissolved in 1.0 ml of artificial CSF, and then injected into the cisterna magna. Seven days later, Nor or Oxy-Hb was applied. RESULTS: Pretreatment with reserpine tended to increase the vasoconstriction induced by 10(-7)-10(-4) M of Nor and the constriction induced by 10(-3) M of Nor was increased statistically (P less than 0.05). Cisterna magna injection of 6-OHDA tended to increase the vasoconstriction induced by Nor. SGG tended to increase the vasoconstriction induced by 10(-7)-10( 4) M of Nor and at a dose of 10(-3) M of Nor, the constriction of the basilar arteries was increased statistically (P less than 0.05). However, pretreatment with reserpine, 6-OHDA and SCG did not increase the vasoconstriction induced by Oxy-Hb. These results lead us to suggest that denervation supersensitivity does not participate in the vasoconstriction induced by Oxy-Hb. PMID- 3146989 TI - Flecainide compared with a combination of digoxin and disopyramide for acute atrial arrhythmias after cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Fifty six adult patients were randomised to treatment with flecainide (group 1, n = 29) or a combination of digoxin and disopyramide (group 2, n = 27) for acute atrial fibrillation and flutter after cardiac surgery. Intravenous flecainide was given as a 2 mg/kg bolus over 20 minutes followed by an infusion (0.2 mg/kg per hour) for 12 hours. Group 2 were given digoxin (0.75 mg) intravenously followed two hours later by an intravenous bolus of disopyramide (2 mg/kg) and an infusion (0.4 mg/kg per hour) for 10 hours. Within 12 hours sinus rhythm was restored in 86% of the group 1 (25 patients) and 89% of the group 2 (24 patients). The median time to reversion was significantly shorter in group 1 (80 minutes, range 30-180 minutes) than group 2 (220 minutes, range 138-523 minutes). None of the patients in group 1 and four of the patients in group 2 had transient relapses into atrial fibrillation during the 12 hours of intravenous treatment. There were five late relapses in group 1 and seven in group 2 during subsequent oral treatment. Two group 1 patients and two group 2 patients showed adverse drug effects. Intractable ventricular arrhythmias occurred after five days of oral treatment in one patient (group 1) who had poor left ventricular function, hepatic impairment, and toxic concentrations of drugs at the time of death. Flecainide was as effective as the combination of digoxin and disopyramide and it acted significantly faster and was associated with fewer relapses. Monitoring of blood concentrations of flecainide is essential in patients with poor left ventricular function and hepatic impairment. PMID- 3146990 TI - The killing effects of 4-S-cysteinylcatechol and analogues on human melanoma cells. PMID- 3146991 TI - [Effect of anthrax toxin on the chemiluminescence of human leukocytes]. AB - The effect of substrate containing crude anthrax toxin on the phagocytosing leukocyte chemiluminescence has been studied. Preliminary toxin incubation with leukocytes for 60 min blocks cell chemiluminescence in the linear ratio effect concentration in the protein component of the toxin; the minimum concentration of the toxin protein component inhibiting the phagocytosing leukocyte luminescence is 3-5 micrograms per 5 x 10(5) cells. The substrate pure mixture of the oedema factor and protective antigen inhibits the chemiluminescence more intensively than crude toxin does. Inhibiting chemiluminescence activity of the anthrax toxin is directly proportional to its adenylate cyclase activity. PMID- 3146992 TI - Bacterial challenge study of a porous carbon percutaneous implant. AB - Numerous percutaneous devices for power transmission and control to electrically powered, intracorporeal blood pumps have been used for periods ranging from 12 months to 4 yrs; however, consistent and reliable performance has not been achieved, due most frequently to the development of infection and sinus tracts at the percutaneous lead exit site. The present study showed that percutaneous devices fabricated from porous vitreous carbon can function satisfactorily in vivo over extended periods. The implant sites successfully resisted infection by normal flora bacteria for as long as 48 months, although superficial surface colonization and infection did occur after deliberate application of pathogens. PMID- 3146993 TI - Enzyme-digestible swelling hydrogels as platforms for long-term oral drug delivery: synthesis and characterization. AB - A method was developed for synthesizing enzyme-digestible swelling hydrogels. Albumin molecules were modified using glycidyl acrylate to introduce vinyl groups. The functionalized albumin molecules participated as cross-linkers in the polymerization of vinyl monomers, such as acrylic acid or acrylamide. The extent of chemical modification of albumin was an important variable in controlling the cross-linking ability. The albumin in the synthesized hydrogels retained its property of enzymatic digestion by proteolytic enzymes. The kinetics of swelling and enzymatic digestion of the hydrogels were examined using various enzyme concentrations. It was observed that the digestion kinetics were largely determined by the relative concentrations of albumin and enzyme. The potential application of the enzyme-digestible swelling hydrogels as platforms for long term oral drug delivery is discussed. PMID- 3146995 TI - Poetry: the doctor and the tubercle bacilli. PMID- 3146996 TI - Application of rapid methods (BACTEC system) in clinical mycobacteriology and in the search for new drugs. PMID- 3146994 TI - First studies on the bioconcentration and immunotoxicity of tetrachlorodiarylmethanes in the rat. PMID- 3146997 TI - Action for accident victims. PMID- 3146998 TI - A policy for laxatives. PMID- 3146999 TI - Benefits from oily fish. PMID- 3147000 TI - A single seizure. PMID- 3147001 TI - Torture. PMID- 3147002 TI - Anonymous testing for HIV. PMID- 3147003 TI - Injuries to pedestrians in road traffic accidents. AB - Although there have been many reports on injuries to occupants of cars in road traffic accidents, there have been few prospective studies of injuries to pedestrians in such accidents. For this reason a two year prospective study of pedestrians in road traffic accidents in the Oxford region was carried out. The incidence of death in pedestrians was significantly higher than in car occupants or motorcyclists. The principal determinant of death was the weight of the vehicle concerned. The most common site of injury was the head because of a high incidence of brief concussion, but the most common site of serious injuries was the leg. Injuries to all regions of the body increased with age and with the weight of the vehicle in the collision. Accidents most often concerned young children or the elderly. PMID- 3147004 TI - Anaphylactic reactions to cinoxacin. AB - During 1981 to mid-1988 three cases of anaphylactic shock after treatment with the quinolone derivative cinoxacin were reviewed by the Netherlands Centre for Monitoring of Adverse Reactions to Drugs and 17 cases of an anaphylactic type of reaction notified to the World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for International Drug Monitoring. In five out of six patients for whom data were available the reaction began shortly after taking a single capsule of a second or next course of treatment. Cinoxacin is related to nalidixic acid, and one patient previously treated with that agent subsequently had an anaphylactoid reaction to cinoxacin and later developed a skin reaction to nalidixic acid. There were no deaths, and patients treated as an emergency with plasma expanders or with adrenaline and corticosteroids generally recovered promptly and uneventfully. In view of the potentially fatal consequences of anaphylactic reactions to cinoxacin and other quinolones doctors should take care when prescribing these drugs. PMID- 3147006 TI - Transient impaired glucose tolerance in Pima Indians: is it important? AB - As part of a continuing epidemiological study of non-insulin dependent diabetes among Pima Indians 154 subjects who had had a transient impairment of glucose tolerance were followed up for 1.2-16.9 (median 5.8) years after their glucose tolerance had returned to normal. Of these, 49 subsequently developed diabetes; 26 subsequently developed impaired glucose tolerance; and 79 had normal glucose tolerance at the last examination. The cumulative incidence of diabetes was 16% and 48% at five and 10 years of follow up respectively, compared with 3% and 8% for a control group of 1245 members of the same population. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and plasma glucose concentration two hours after glucose loading the incidence of diabetes among the subjects who had had transient impaired glucose tolerance was 3.0 times that among the controls (95% confidence interval 2.1 to 4.3). Proportional hazards function analysis indicated that obesity was the most important predictor of subsequent development of diabetes. The results suggest that transient impairment of glucose tolerance indicates, at least in some subjects, a predisposition to diabetes and should not be considered clinically unimportant. PMID- 3147005 TI - Abnormal electromyographic activity of the urethral sphincter, voiding dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries: a new syndrome? AB - A potential association between abnormal electromyographic activity--that is, decelerating bursts and complex repetitive discharges--of the urethral sphincter and difficulty in voiding was examined in 57 women with urinary retention. Abnormal electromyographic activity was found in 33. Ultrasonography of the ovaries in 22 of the 33 women showed that 14 had polycystic ovaries. Of the other eight women, two had had oophorectomies, one had shrunken ovaries and ovarian failure, and one had previously undergone oophorectomy and the other ovary could not be seen; in one neither ovary could be seen, and three had ovaries of normal appearance, although two of these women were taking the contraceptive pill. Thirteen of the group had endocrine symptoms and signs characteristic of the polycystic ovary syndrome. Videocystometrography in 17 of the women who were examined by ultrasonography showed low flow rates and high residual volumes of urine after micturition in 12 women who could void, the other five having chronic urinary retention. A speculative hypothesis for the observed association of impaired voiding, abnormal electromyographic activity of the urinary sphincter, and polycystic ovaries is advanced, based on the relative progesterone deficiency that characterises the polycystic ovary syndrome. Progesterone stabilises membranes, and its depletion might permit ephaptic transmission of impulses between muscle fibres in the muscle of the urethral sphincter, giving rise to the abnormal electromyographic activity. This may impair relaxation of the sphincter, resulting in low flow rates of urine, incomplete emptying of the bladder, and, finally, urinary retention. PMID- 3147007 TI - Physical activity and calcium intake in fracture of the proximal femur in Hong Kong. AB - In Hong Kong physical activity and calcium intake of 400 Chinese men and women with hip fractures were compared with those of 800 controls. Daily walking outdoors, upstairs, uphill, or with a load protected against fracture. This was independent of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Higher levels of reported activity in middle life were also protective. Average calcium intake was around one quarter that in Britain because of the low consumption of dairy products. Differences in calcium intake depended mainly on consumption of green vegetables and small fish. High intake protected against hip fracture. These findings point to the importance of maintaining daily physical activity and calcium intake in urbanised Chinese populations. PMID- 3147009 TI - Effects of withdrawal of co-danthramer on use of laxatives in a district general hospital. PMID- 3147008 TI - Physical activity, muscle strength, and calcium intake in fracture of the proximal femur in Britain. AB - Regular exercise and high calcium intake possibly help to preserve bone mass. Little is known, however, about their role in preventing hip fracture. The physical activity and calcium intake of 300 elderly men and women with hip fractures were compared with those of 600 controls matched for age and sex. In both sexes increased daily activity, including standing, walking, climbing stairs, carrying, housework, and gardening protected against fracture. This was independent of other known risk factors, including body mass, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. Strength of grip correlated with activity and was inversely related to the risk of fracture. Calcium intake was not related to the risk of fracture in women. Men with daily calcium intakes above 1g had lower risks. These findings point to the importance of elderly people in Britain maintaining physical activity in their day to day lives. PMID- 3147010 TI - An endocrine marker for pancreatic cancer. PMID- 3147011 TI - Isolated central respiratory failure due to syringomyelia and Arnold-Chiari malformation. PMID- 3147012 TI - Detection of lupus anticoagulant in patients attending an anticoagulation clinic. PMID- 3147013 TI - Case finding in the elderly: does the primary care team already know enough? AB - The needs of an elderly population in one general practice were assessed by the primary health care team. A simple questionnaire was filled in as far as possible by members of the team on known social and functional criteria for each patient aged over 75. The questionnaire was complete for 100 of 118 elderly patients. The information was accurate for over 95% of the criteria as verified by information held by the health authority. This information will now be used for yearly reviews of each patient based on opportunistic contacts. This is a simple method of collating information that is already known. If such information was available to health authorities it would give them an idea of the type and extent of the support services needed for elderly people. PMID- 3147015 TI - Hyperinfection with strongyloides after treatment for adult T cell leukaemia lymphoma in an African immigrant. PMID- 3147014 TI - Community study of the causes of "natural" sudden death. AB - Three hundred and fifty cases of "natural" sudden death within six hours of onset of symptoms in people ranging in age from 18 to 69 years in Wandsworth were studied using a detailed necropsy protocol to determine the cause of death. Sudden death occurred in 28 (8%) Asians and blacks, but because of the small number they were excluded from the study, leaving 322 cases. Ischaemic heart disease accounted for 189 (59%) of the 322 sudden deaths (155 (65%) men; 34 (41%) women) and no proportional increase in instantaneous compared with non instantaneous sudden death was found. Non-ischaemic cardiac disease was the cause of sudden death in 24 cases (7.5%). Non-cardiac disease included pulmonary emboli, aortic aneurysms, and intracerebral haemorrhage and caused 89 (27.6%) deaths. Alcohol was the cause of nine deaths (2.8%) and in 11 (3.4%) cases (six men and five women) no cause of death was found. This study shows that although ischaemic heart disease is the single largest cause of sudden natural death there are other major causes. PMID- 3147016 TI - Role of diet in treating atopic eczema: elimination diets can be beneficial. PMID- 3147017 TI - Role of diet in treating atopic eczema: dietary manipulation has no value. PMID- 3147019 TI - Is it better to avoid the dentist? PMID- 3147020 TI - Daytime urinary frequency in children. PMID- 3147018 TI - Hospital anaesthesia and general practice. PMID- 3147021 TI - Local anesthetic creams. PMID- 3147022 TI - Prescription of oxygen concentrators for long term oxygen treatment. PMID- 3147024 TI - Living under pylons. PMID- 3147023 TI - Acute upper airway obstruction due to supraglottic dystonia. PMID- 3147025 TI - Temporal artery biopsy. PMID- 3147027 TI - Mastectomy or conservation: the patient's choice. PMID- 3147026 TI - Unusual presentation of pseudomonas infection. PMID- 3147028 TI - Breast screening in Britain and Sweden. PMID- 3147030 TI - Risk of sharing injection equipment. PMID- 3147029 TI - Ribavirin and acute bronchiolitis in infancy. PMID- 3147031 TI - Central nervous system impairment in effort syndromes. PMID- 3147032 TI - I don't want you to see a psychiatrist. PMID- 3147033 TI - Risk of breast cancer after pregnancy. PMID- 3147034 TI - Acute failure of artificial heart valves. PMID- 3147035 TI - Gastrointestinal damage induced by anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 3147036 TI - Rupture of tendons after cryotherapy for hand warts. PMID- 3147037 TI - Cabbages and CABG. PMID- 3147038 TI - Oxygen concentrators in the home. PMID- 3147039 TI - Real progress with disciplining doctors. PMID- 3147040 TI - Health effects of Chernobyl. PMID- 3147042 TI - Empty theatres. PMID- 3147041 TI - Peyronie's disease. PMID- 3147044 TI - AIDS: publications. PMID- 3147043 TI - AIDS predictions. PMID- 3147045 TI - Coronary heart disease and mortality in middle aged men from different occupational classes in Sweden. AB - In the Gothenburg primary prevention study 7083 middle aged men were classified into five categories by occupational state. A retrospective analysis of the data showed that low occupational class was associated with slight increases in smoking rates, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol concentration, body mass index, and heart rate. Alcohol abuse was strongly associated with low occupational class. After a mean of 11.8 years' follow up the incidence of coronary heart disease was found to be strongly and inversely related to occupational class. For death from coronary heart disease this association fell just below significance when other risk factors were taken into account, but the inverse association between non-fatal myocardial infarction and occupational class persisted even in multivariate analysis. A weak but independent inverse relation was found between occupational class and fatal cancer. Mortality from all causes in the lowest occupational class was 12% compared with 6% in the highest class, and this difference could only partly be explained by other factors. After 10 years a sub-sample of the men were examined again. Risk factors had decreased in all occupational classes, but the changes in risk were not associated with occupational class. Social class, defined by occupation, in Sweden is clearly related to the incidence of coronary heart disease. PMID- 3147046 TI - Opioid peptides and primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Patients with liver disease have increased plasma concentrations of the endogenous opioid peptides methionine enkephalin and leucine enkephalin. As an initial investigation to determine whether opioid peptides contribute to any of the clinical manifestations of hepatic disease nalmefene, a specific opioid antagonist devoid of agonist activity, was given to 11 patients with cirrhosis. They all experienced a severe opioid withdrawal reaction on starting the drug. In the nine patients with primary biliary cirrhosis pruritus was greatly alleviated, fatigue seemed to improve, and plasma bilirubin concentration, which had been rising, showed a modest fall in all except one patient. These results indicate that blocking opioid receptors has an effect on some of the metabolic abnormalities of liver disease. PMID- 3147047 TI - Computerised updating of clinical summaries: new opportunities for clinical practice and research? AB - A new type of clinical summary, produced by copying standard descriptions of diseases on to a computer screen and editing them to match a patient's findings and diagnoses, was updated and reprinted as the patient's condition changed in the ward or as an outpatient. When this method was used to produce typed medical discharge summaries over a three month period, 73 out of 91 (80%) were sent out within a week after discharge compared with five out of 56 (9%) conventionally typed summaries received in a single general practice. Even completely new computerised summaries are quicker for the secretary to produce than conventional summaries, and the computerised summaries are designed to be scanned rapidly for relevant information. They can also be used to collect data automatically for research, clinical audit, and resource management. PMID- 3147049 TI - Heroin inhalation and asthma. AB - Opiate addiction is an increasing social problem, and there has been a change from taking opiates intravenously to inhaling them in many areas of Britain. Three patients with asthma who required mechanical ventilation soon after heroin inhalation were described. Two subsequently died of acute severe asthma. The patients were reluctant to admit to their addiction and persisted inhaling heroin despite medical advice and counselling. Opiate inhalation can provoke life threatening asthmatic attacks and should be considered in patients at risk of abusing drugs who have poorly controlled asthma. PMID- 3147048 TI - Dose response relation to oral theophylline in severe chronic obstructive airways disease. AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate measurement of the trapped gas volume as a measure of respiratory function in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease and their response to treatment with theophylline. DESIGN: Patients able to produce consistent results on testing of respiratory function spent two weeks having dosage of theophylline adjusted to give individual pharmacokinetic data. This was followed by random assignment to four consecutive two month treatment periods- placebo and low, medium, and high dose, as assessed by serum concentrations of theophylline. Respiratory function and exercise performance was assessed at the end of each two month period. SETTING: Chest unit in district hospital. PATIENTS: Thirty eight patients with chronic bronchitis and moderate to severe chronic obstruction to airflow were recruited; 33 aged 53-73 years completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: Dosage of oral theophylline increased during two week optimisation period to 800 mg daily unless toxicity was predicted, when 400 mg was given. Targets for the steady state serum theophylline concentrations were 5-10 mg/l in the low dose period, 10-15 mg/l in the medium dose, and 15-20 mg/l in the high dose period. ENDPOINTS: Respiratory function as measured by forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow rate, slow vital capacity, and static lung volumes using helium dilution and body plethysmography from which trapped gas volume was derived. Exercise performance assessed by six minute walking test and diary cards using visual analogue scale. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow rate changed only slightly (about 13%) over the range of doses. There was a linear dose dependent fall of trapped gas volume from 1.84 l (SE 0.157) to 1.42 l (0.152), 1.05 l (0.128), and 0.67 l (0.102) during the placebo and low, medium, and high dose treatment periods. Mean walking distance increased by up to 55.6 m (20%). There was a modest improvement in dyspnoea as the dose of theophylline was increased. Side effects were mostly minor but they became more frequent as the dose was increased. CONCLUSION: The fall in trapped gas volume may reflect an improvement in peripheral ventilation (associated with treatment with theophylline) which is less apparent in the more common tests of lung function used in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. PMID- 3147050 TI - Chemical burns beneath tourniquets. PMID- 3147051 TI - Sweet's syndrome in Crohn's disease. PMID- 3147052 TI - Correction of severe hyponatraemia by continuous arteriovenous haemofiltration before liver transplantation. PMID- 3147053 TI - Inflammatory cells in the airways in mild asthma. PMID- 3147054 TI - High altitude testing of pulse oximeter. PMID- 3147055 TI - Current practice in managing urinary tract infections in children. PMID- 3147056 TI - Repeated aspiration of breast abscesses in lactating women. PMID- 3147057 TI - Sprinting can seriously damage your health. PMID- 3147058 TI - Patient satisfaction with general practitioner deputising services. AB - Proposed increases in the average hours of surgery sessions of general practitioners as part of the government programme for improving primary health care may result in more use of deputising services to provide off duty cover. The satisfaction of patients with such a service was studied during one week of October 1987 at nine of the 29 branches of Air Call Medical Services in urban areas in Britain by means of a postal questionnaire. Of a sample of 4626 callers to the service, 3887 (84%) responded. An estimated 32% of the patients expected that a doctor from their own practice would have attended them, 19% expected that they would be admitted to hospital and 8% were admitted. Over 90% of patients were satisfied with the telephonist's handling of the call; 79% of those visited were satisfied with the waiting time; and over 80% were satisfied with various aspects of the doctor's handling of the visit (bedside manner, communication, taking of history, physical examination, and explanation of findings), the lowest figure being for explanation of findings (81%). Satisfaction was generally higher during the daytime; among the elderly, especially men; and among patients who did not anticipate that a doctor from their doctor's practice would call. The results suggest that a high proportion of patients were satisfied with the deputising service they received. PMID- 3147059 TI - Pituitary apoplexy. PMID- 3147060 TI - When to start anticonvulsant treatment in childhood epilepsy: the case for early treatment. PMID- 3147061 TI - When to start anticonvulsant treatment in childhood epilepsy: the case for avoiding or delaying treatment. PMID- 3147063 TI - Catching up the orthopods. PMID- 3147062 TI - Misconduct in medical research: does it exist in Britain? PMID- 3147064 TI - My grandchild's birth. PMID- 3147065 TI - Anticoagulant drugs in the elderly. PMID- 3147066 TI - A fair hearing. PMID- 3147067 TI - Screening of vision in school. PMID- 3147069 TI - Mastectomy or conservation: the patient's choice. PMID- 3147068 TI - The debate over mass mammography in Great Britain. PMID- 3147070 TI - Brainstorming the postviral fatigue syndrome. PMID- 3147071 TI - Hope for broken hips. PMID- 3147072 TI - Predicting AIDS. PMID- 3147073 TI - Restless leg syndrome in pregnancy. PMID- 3147074 TI - Anxiety and depression in general medical settings. PMID- 3147075 TI - Salmonellosis and eggs. PMID- 3147076 TI - Government must act on community care. PMID- 3147077 TI - Autres pays, autres moeurs. PMID- 3147078 TI - Loans for medical students. PMID- 3147079 TI - Clinical aspects of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3147080 TI - Fatal ischaemic brain oedema after early thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator in acute stroke. AB - Two patients with acute major, disabling cerebral infarction with presumed middle cerebral artery occlusion were treated with the clot specific thrombolytic agent tissue plasminogen activator roughly three and a half hours after the onset of symptoms. Both patients had a normal computed tomography (CT) scan before treatment. No appreciable systemic bleeding complications occurred, apart from bruising. One patient had bleeding into the subarachnoid space from a microscopic angioma, which was found at necropsy. Haematological monitoring of the two patients showed pronounced fibrinogenolysis and alpha 2 antiplasmin consumption in one. One patient showed transient improvement during the infusion. In both cases extensive infarction, partly haemorrhagic in one, with massive concomitant oedema was found on repeated CT. Both patients deteriorated and eventually died as a consequence of transtentorial herniation. In the one patient who came to necropsy a moderate, probably pre-existing smooth stenosis of the ipsilateral carotid artery was found, all cerebral vessels being patent. It is concluded that thrombolytic treatment with a clot specific agent such as tissue plasminogen activator started three to four hours after a major ischaemic stroke may be hazardous, not because of haemorrhagic transformation of the original ischaemia but because early reperfusion may promote massive, potentially fatal cerebral oedema. PMID- 3147081 TI - Looking for gall bladder disease in the patient's iris. AB - In alternative health care iridology is used as a diagnostic aid. The diagnosis of gall bladder disease was used to study its validity and interperformer consistency. The presence of an inflamed gall bladder containing gall stones is said to be easily recognised by certain signs in the lower lateral part of the iris of the right eye. Stereo colour slides were made of the right eye. Stereo colour slides were made of the right eye of 39 patients with this disease and 39 control subjects of the same sex and age. The slides were presented in a random order to five leading iridologists without supplementary information. The prevalence of the disease was estimated at 56%. The median validity was 51% with 54% sensitivity and 52% specificity. These results were close to chance validity (iota = 0.03). None of the iridologists reached a high validity. The median interperformer consistency was 60%. This was only slightly higher than chance consistency (kappa = 0.18). This study showed that iridology is not a useful diagnostic aid. PMID- 3147082 TI - Aluminium accumulation and immunosuppressive effect in recipients of kidney transplants. AB - Aluminium that has accumulated in the body is thought to have a generalised cytotoxic effect. A prospective study of aluminium accumulation in bone-that is, subclinical aluminium toxicity--was carried out in 94 recipients of kidney allografts, who were followed up for three years. Subclinical aluminium toxicity was found in 66 patients. A significantly smaller proportion of patients with aluminium accumulation experienced a rejection episode: 30 (58%) nu 12 (86%) who received grafts from cadavers and 4 (29%) nu 10 (71%) who received grafts from living donors. On multivariate analysis only the source of the kidney and aluminium accumulation were found to influence the rejection rate. These findings suggest that aluminium accumulation has an immunosuppressive effect. PMID- 3147083 TI - Internuclear ophthalmoplegia in pernicious anaemia. PMID- 3147084 TI - Are all infants of diabetic mothers "macrosomic"? PMID- 3147085 TI - Magnesium free dialysis for uraemic pruritus. PMID- 3147086 TI - Prostitute women and public health. PMID- 3147088 TI - Euthanasia across the North Sea. PMID- 3147089 TI - The cases for and against prescribing generic drugs: generic prescribing benefits patients. PMID- 3147087 TI - Screening for thyroid disease in a primary care unit with a thyroid stimulating hormone assay with a low detection limit. AB - In a study at a primary care centre in a predominantly rural area of Sweden the records of all patients with established thyroid disease were scrutinised and 2000 consecutive adult patients screened with an immunoenzymometric thyroid stimulating hormone assay. The aims of the study were fourfold: firstly, to assess the total burden of thyroid disease in primary care centres in Sweden; secondly, to assess the efficacy of clinical diagnosis of the disease in unselected populations of patients; thirdly, to assess the efficacy of clinical evaluation of treatment with thyroxine; and, lastly, to see whether a single analysis of the serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentration by recent methods would be enough to identify an abnormality of thyroid function. Of the roughly 17,400 adults in the study community, 111 women and 10 men were being treated for thyroid disease. Screening detected 68 patients (3.5%) not receiving thyroxine who had a serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentration of 0.20 mU/l or less, all of whom were followed up clinically. Fifty of these patients were also studied biochemically during follow up. Only nine of the 68 patients had thyroid disease (three with thyrotoxicosis requiring treatment), no evidence of the disease being found in the remainder. Sixteen patients had spontaneous hypothyroidism requiring treatment, and neither these nor three patients with thyrotoxicosis had been detected at the preceding clinical examination. Of 35 patients in whom thyroid disease was suspected clinically at screening, none had laboratory evidence of thyroid dysfunction. In this series 1.3% of all women in the study community (2.6% of all 50-59 year olds) and 0.1% of the men were being treated for thyroid disease at the primary care centre, roughly 1.0% of adults subjected to screening were found to have thyroid disease requiring treatment, and most patients with a thyroid stimulating hormone concentration of 0.20 mU/l or less did not have thyroid dysfunction. It is concluded that measuring the basal serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentration by present methods is insufficient for the biochemical assessment of thyroid dysfunction in unselected populations. PMID- 3147090 TI - The cases for and against prescribing generic drugs: don't take innovative research based pharmaceutical companies for granted. PMID- 3147091 TI - Cystic fibrosis in the United Kingdom 1977-85: an improving picture. British Paediatric Association Working Party on Cystic Fibrosis. AB - A national survey was conducted of patients with cystic fibrosis who were known to paediatricians, chest physicians, and others or whose deaths were reported through the death certification authorities in the United Kingdom during 1977 to 1985. From this population based study a revised incidence figure of one affected baby in 2500 live births was produced. Mortality was very high in the first year of life (7.6%) and was substantially greater for females than for males under age 20 years. A temporal improvement in mortality was found during the period under study, with about 100 more births than deaths occurring each year. This improvement was notable in the first five years of life. Meconium ileus, which used to be a primary cause of early mortality, is becoming increasingly rare as a cause of death. The total prevalence of cystic fibrosis in the UK in mid-1985 was estimated to be about 5000. PMID- 3147092 TI - Hospital emergency numbers. PMID- 3147093 TI - Coronary flow reserve and the J curve. PMID- 3147094 TI - Treating HIV positive haemophiliacs with zidovudine. PMID- 3147095 TI - Echocardiography. PMID- 3147096 TI - Effectiveness of geriatric rehabilitative care. PMID- 3147097 TI - Slowing the speedy. PMID- 3147098 TI - Communicating with cancer patients. PMID- 3147099 TI - Normal muscle strength and fatigability in patients with effort syndromes. PMID- 3147100 TI - Iron and folate supplements during pregnancy. PMID- 3147101 TI - Seasonal distribution in conceptions by artificial insemination. PMID- 3147102 TI - Childhood tuberculosis in Britain. PMID- 3147103 TI - Aspirin for strokes and transient ischaemic attacks. PMID- 3147104 TI - Psychosis from alcohol or drug abuse. PMID- 3147105 TI - Health and the ozone layer. PMID- 3147106 TI - Immune thrombocytopenia and interferon alfa. PMID- 3147107 TI - Management of perinatal loss of a twin. PMID- 3147108 TI - Sexual drive of patients in psychiatric hospitals. PMID- 3147109 TI - Phenytoin toxicity produced by tolbutamide. PMID- 3147110 TI - Azapropazone induced hepatitis. PMID- 3147111 TI - Convulsion and coma after intranasal desmopressin in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3147112 TI - Severe hypersensitivity reaction to fenbufen. PMID- 3147113 TI - Differential response of primary cultures of human and rat hepatocytes to aflatoxin B1-induced cytotoxicity and protection by the hepatoprotective agent (+)-cyanidanol-3. AB - The acute hepatotoxicity induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and the potential protective effect of (+)-cyanidanol-3 (Catergen) were evaluated in both human and rat hepatocytes in primary cultures. AFB1-induced acute toxicity was visualized by light microscope observation and quantified by measurement of lactic dehydrogenase activity in the medium. Human hepatocytes were susceptible to AFB1 induced cytotoxicity but no evident relationship between the concentration of mycotoxin and the extent of cellular damage was established. (+)-Cyanidanol-3 was not toxic at concentrations up to 2 x 10(-3)M, but no obvious protective effect from AFB1-induced injury was evidenced in human cells. By contrast, rat hepatocytes responded in a dose-related manner to AFB1. (+)-Cyanidanol was toxic at 10(-3)M, but even at this concentration exerted a strong protective effect against AFB1-induced cytotoxicity. Such species differences suggest the existence of metabolic differences in both AFB1 and (+)-cyanidanol-3 activating and deactivating mechanisms. PMID- 3147114 TI - In vitro stability of pancreatic zymogen granules: roles of pH and calcium. AB - Purified preparations of pancreatic zymogen granules have the peculiar property of lysing instantaneously at neutral pH, a property clearly irreconcilable with the cytoplasmic pH of the acinar cell. Two important factors known for regulating the stability of secretory granules are calcium and pH. Fluorescence microscopy of acinar cells in the presence of weak bases showed that zymogen granules have an acidic pH. In vivo, abolition of the delta pH by NH4Cl did not induce any lysis of the granules. In vitro, with purified granules, an acidic intragranular pH was measured. This delta pH was produced by a Donnan potential. The importance for granule stability of keeping the intragranular pH acidic has been confirmed in vitro by addition of K+ and nigericin to the suspension medium. These conditions produced alkalinization of the granule matrix and caused instantaneous solubilization of the granules. Concentrations of 15 mM total, and 10 mM free calcium were measured in purified granules. The importance of intragranular Ca2+ was evaluated by means of the ionophore A23187 which induced calcium efflux and granule lysis. The lysis induced by the calcium ionophore was in direct relation with the calcium efflux, since addition of Ca2+ to the medium, at concentrations corresponding to that measured in the granule, relieved the effect. The role of calcium-binding sites on the cytoplasmic surface of the granules was investigated with Ca2+, EGTA, and La3+. Calcium did not have any damaging effects; EGTA induced a slight lysis, while lanthanum yielded a strong and spontaneous lysis at micromolar concentrations. In addition to calcium-binding sites, La3+ would bind to specific sites on the granule that would be directly coupled to maintenance of its stability. These findings suggest that the intragranular acidic pH and calcium are both important for the in vitro stability of the zymogen granule and that purified granules have lost, in the course of purification, some cytoplasmic factors that in vivo, control the permeability of the membrane to protons, and chloride more particularly. Calcium-binding sites and other specific sites probed with La3+, presumably on proteins at the surface of the granule, are also believed to have key roles in preserving the integrity of the membrane and the resulting stability of the granule. PMID- 3147115 TI - Expression of the c-fos proto-oncogene in bone, cartilage and tooth forming tissues during mouse development. AB - The c-fos proto-oncogene is the cellular homologue of v-fos identified as the bone transforming gene of the FBJ and the FBR murine osteosarcoma viruses. We show here, using a sensitive in situ hybridization method, that the c-fos proto oncogene is expressed in the cartilage, bone and tooth forming tissues during mouse development. This result suggests that the tumors observed after infection by the FBJ viral complex and c-fos overexpression in transgenic mice occur in those tissues in which c-fos is expressed during development. PMID- 3147116 TI - Comparison between the molecular characteristics and the potential activity of X and Y nucleolar organizers from various Drosophila melanogaster laboratory lines. AB - The molecular characteristics of nucleolar organizers from X and Y chromosomes of different Drosophila melanogaster lines have previously been studied (17). By analysis of appropriate genetic crosses we show in the present study that the X and Y chromosomes of these lines can confer different degrees of resistance on an inhibitor of ribosomal RNA synthesis (beta exotoxin or thuringiensin) present in the thermostable supernatant of Bacillus thuringiensis cultures. None of the lines studied gives rise to any particular phenotype under normal culture conditions; variations in the degree of supernatant resistance of these lines provide a relative measure of what can be called the potential activity of the nucleolar organizers of the different X and/or Y chromosomes. The potential activity of the Y nucleolar organizers is found to be generally higher than that of the X organizers. This result can be correlated with the fact that the number of uninterrupted ribosomal units is much greater on the Y chromosomes than on the Xs. Significant variations in potential activity have been shown to occur among the X as also among the Y nucleolar organizers. Comparison between the molecular characteristics of the nucleolar organizers and their level of activity shows that among the different ribosomal units, only those devoid of insertion interfere with the level of activity. However, some of our results could also indicate that not all the uninterrupted units have the same level of activity; this level could be related to the size of the nontranscribed spacer of the ribosomal units.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147117 TI - Economic analysis of the vaccination strategies adopted in Brazil in 1982. PMID- 3147118 TI - Evaluation of the quality of bacteriologic methods used to diagnose tuberculosis in Argentina. PMID- 3147119 TI - Further observations on the practice of community care in Salford. Differences between community psychiatric nurses and mental health social workers. AB - Differences in the clinical characteristics of clients have not been found to account for the interprofessional differences in community psychiatric nurses' and mental health social workers' practice in Salford. We found the consultant attached mental health social workers' practice in Salford. We found the consultant-attached mental health social workers, who worked closely with the specialist psychiatric team and who received supportive supervision from their professional managers, maintained stable case-loads, but the primary-care attached community psychiatric nurses, who were isolated from the specialist psychiatric team, and who received little supportive supervision from their professional managers, carried case-loads of increasing size. Failure to improve the way in which services for the mentally ill in the community are co-ordinated is likely to perpetuate the worst characteristics of life in the old back wards into the era of 'community care'. PMID- 3147120 TI - The effect of axotomy and deafferentation on phosphorylation dependent antigenicity of neurofilaments in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons. AB - Previous immunocytochemical studies have shown immunological differences between neurofilaments in axons and those in dendrites and perikarya of many mature neuron types: it is now known that non-phosphorylated epitopes are normally seen in cell bodies and dendrites of mature neurons, whereas phosphorylated epitopes are observed in axons. Further studies on a variety of cell types have shown that phosphorylated epitopes are induced in the cell-body associated neurofilaments following axotomy, and we show here that comparable changes are observed in axotomized rat superior cervical ganglion neurons (SCG). We have also observed that preganglionic section induces similar changes in the levels of neurofilament phosphorylation, so that phosphorylated epitopes become visible in the cell bodies and dendrites of denervated neurons. The changes in this case appear more slowly and are accompanied by the appearance of punctate nuclear staining detectable with phosphorylation sensitive neurofilament antibodies. The acquisition of these staining patterns by both the axotomized and denervated SCG cells proved to be reversible, so that after 10-12 days no neurons in either experimental group exhibited perikaryal phosphorylated epitopes. These results indicate that changes in the level of neurofilament phosphorylation are not only associated with neuronal damage, but can also be induced by deafferentation. PMID- 3147121 TI - Transport of [3H]mazindol binding sites in mesostriatal dopamine axons. AB - 6-Hydroxydopamine injections along mesostriatal dopaminergic axons can be used to interrupt axonal transport from cell bodies in the substantia nigra pars compacta to terminal fields in the striatum. Such lesions produce accumulations of high affinity dopamine uptake sites (as measured by [3H]mazindol binding) and acetylcholinesterase proximal to the injection, suggesting that at least a portion of the [3H]mazindol binding and acetylcholinesterase activity seen in the striatum is located presynaptically on the mesostriatal dopaminergic fibers. PMID- 3147122 TI - Analgesic effects of the putative FSH-suppressing gonadal steroid, 3 alpha hydroxy-4-pregnen-20-one: possible modes of action. AB - The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administrations of the putative follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) suppressing gonadal steroid, 3 alpha-hydroxy-4 pregnen-20-one (3A4P) on the nociceptive responses of male mice were examined. This allylic steroid elicited significant, dose-dependent (0.001-1.0 micrograms) analgesic responses for 90-150 min after injection. These analgesic effects of 3A4P were stereospecific, the stereoisomer, 3 beta-hydroxy-4-pregnen-20-one (3B4P) failing to affect the nociceptive responses. The analgesic effects of 3A4P were blocked by peripheral administrations of the GABA antagonists, bicuculline and picrotoxin, and reduced by the benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro 15-1788. The exogenous opiate antagonist, naloxone, and the putative endogenous opioid antagonist, Tyr-MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-amide), also reduced 3A4P-induced analgesia, while i.c.v. administration of 3A4P (0.001 and 0.01 micrograms) itself attenuated the analgesic effects arising from peripheral administrations of opiate receptor agonist, morphine. In addition, the calcium channel antagonists, nifedipine and verapamil, enhanced 3A4P-induced analgesia but had no evident effects on the actions of 3B4P. These results suggest that the central analgesic effects of the FSH-suppressing steroid, 3A4P, arise via benzodiazepine--GABA--opiate mechanisms and calcium channels. These findings also suggest possible central modes of action whereby 3A4P may elicit selective suppression of FSH. PMID- 3147123 TI - Neurons containing a N-terminal sequence of the TRH-prohormone (preproTRH53-74) are present in a unique location of the midbrain periaqueductal gray of the rat. AB - Using an antiserum (no. 373) raised against a tyrosinated analog of preproTRH53 74 [( Tyr1]preproTRH53-74 or pYT 22), we have demonstrated the presence of a discrete population of immunoreactive neurons in the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). Relative to the distribution of serotonin, somatostatin, peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), methionine enkephalin, substance P and neurotensin-containing neuronal perikarya in the PAG, neurons containing immunoreactive pYT 22 occupied a unique location in the ventrolateral PAG. In contrast, terminal fields containing these neuroactive substances with the exception of PHI, were seen in abundance in the region of the ventrolateral PAG neurons. These studies indicate that a non-TRH sequence contained within the N-terminal portion of the TRH prohormone are expressed in a distinct group of neurons in the ventrolateral PAG. The location of these neurons in the PAG in a region richly innervated by nerve terminals containing analgesia-mediating substances, suggests a possible role for proTRH-derived peptides in the modulation of nociception. PMID- 3147124 TI - Ganglioside content of astroglia and neurons isolated from maturing rat brain: consideration of the source of astroglial gangliosides. AB - Previous biochemical and histochemical studies have failed to clarify the nature or quantity of gangliosides in CNS astrocytes. Using improved methodologies for bulk isolation of both neurons and astrocytes as well as for ganglioside purification, we find significantly higher ganglioside concentration in astrocytes and very similar thin-layer chromatography (TLC) patterns for the two cell types. However, in vivo labeling of glycoconjugates via intracerebral injection of [3H]glucosamine prior to cell isolation revealed a different picture: whereas glycoproteins were well-labeled in both cell types after labeling periods of 1-2 h, gangliosides were appreciably labeled only in neurons. With longer time periods (8-48 h) between injection and sacrifice, there was convergence of specific radioactivity of gangliosides from the two isolated cell preparations. These changes are compared to those observed in synaptosomes and microsomes that were isolated simultaneously. The results suggest limited ganglioside synthetic ability in astrocytes as compared to neurons, a conclusion supported by assay of UDP-galNAc:GM3 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase in the isolated cells. Nevertheless, the presence of ganglioside GM1 in a substantial portion of bulk-isolated astrocytes was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescent detection of cholera toxin binding. Ideas on the reconciliation of these apparently contradictory phenomena, including the possibility of intercellular transfer and/or phagocytosis are discussed. PMID- 3147125 TI - Gangliosides of cultured astroglia. AB - Cultured astrocytes prepared from newborn rat brain and 13-day-old chick embryonic brain were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively for ganglioside content. All preparations contained approximately the same total level: 2.4-3.4 micrograms N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc)/mg protein. In contrast, the value for primary cultures of neurons from chick embryonic brain was 5.9. The non hexosamine-containing species, GM3 and GD3, comprised 75-85% of the total in astroglial cultures, the remainder consisting mainly of structural types other than the gangliotetraose series; choleragenoid assay revealed the latter to be virtually absent or to comprise at most a few percent. Deficiency of gangliotetraose synthesizing ability was indicated by the very low level of UDP GalNac:GM3 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase detected in the cells. Treatment of cultured astrocytes with astroglial growth factor 2 or dibutyryl cyclic AMP caused little if any change in quantity or pattern of gangliosides. The large majority of cells stained in a manner characteristic of astrocytes: positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, negative for galactosyl ceramides. Staining with cholera toxin and anti-GM1 antibody was essentially negative, as was that with tetanus toxin, A2B5 monoclonal antibody, and antibody to GD3. All evidence thus points to cultured astrocytes of rat and chick brain containing appreciable gangliosides, most of which are GM3 and GD3 with the majority of the remainder comprising structures other than the gangliotetraose type. PMID- 3147126 TI - Properties of acid beta-galactosidase from fowl spermatozoa. AB - 1. Two forms, I and II, of beta-galactosidase [EC 3.2.1.23] from fowl spermatozoa were separated by Blue-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. 2. The two forms of the enzyme yielded different pI values (4.1 and 4.7 for form I and 5.3 for form II). 3. Their gel filtration patterns were also different: form I resolved into two peaks with Mr about 65,000 and 80,000, whereas form II resolved into a single peak with an Mr of about 65,000. 4. Both forms had similar optimum pH, pH stability, thermal stability and Km values. 5. Differences between the characteristics of beta-galactosidase forms from spermatozoa and from seminal plasma suggest that the beta-galactosidases investigated in this study are spermatozoa-specific. PMID- 3147128 TI - Ossification within a thoracic neurilemoma--a case report. PMID- 3147127 TI - Determinants of urinary nitrogen excretion in burned patients. AB - A retrospective study of urinary urea excretion has been performed in 91 burned patients. Maximum mean excretion occurred between days 5 and 8 after injury. The rate of excretion during this peak period correlated significantly with the sex and age of the patient as well as the burn size. It is suggested that peak nitrogen excretion may be more accurately predicted if all three variables are considered. However, the wide variation seen in patient response and differences in clinical management mean that regular measurement of urinary urea excretion still provides the most reliable guide to dietary protein requirements after a burn. PMID- 3147129 TI - [Neurofibromatosis with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis--case report and literature review]. PMID- 3147130 TI - A comparative fine structure study of rat cerebral cortex following ultra-rapid freezing and conventional chemical fixation procedures. AB - Adult rat (Sprague-Dawley) cerebral cortex was processed by ultra-rapid freezing at liquid helium temperature followed by freeze-substitution, osmium fixation and by other chemical, post-osmication procedures at 0-4 degrees and ambient temperatures as a comparative study for purposes of identifying differences and/or similarities in fine structure following these techniques. Five methods of processing were used: 1) rapid, slam-freezing at liquid helium temperature followed by osmium tetroxide/acetone freeze substitution; 2) perfusion with buffered, 2% glutaraldehyde at ambient temperature followed by post-osmication (2%); 3) en-bloc, buffered 2% glutaraldehyde fixation at 0-5 degrees centigrade and post-osmication (2%); 4) buffered, 2% osmium tetroxide perfusion at ambient temperature; and 5) en-bloc, buffered 2% osmium tetroxide fixation at 0-5 degrees centigrade. In ultra-rapid-frozen cortex good preservation was seen to a depth of 10-15 microns from the surface of the initial, copper-block contact. The tissue processed by ultra-rapid-freeze, freeze substitution demonstrates a general 'smoothness' of plasmalemmal and organelle membranes not observed in tissue prepared by chemical fixation alone. Cellular and organelle morphological differences were minor beyond the general 'smoothness' of membranes and a more intense background, electron density found in tissue prepared by rapid-freeze. Of particular interest was the practically identical images found in the four, chemical techniques not preceded by ultra-rapid freezing. High magnification images also revealed rather minor differences following ultra-rapid-freezing compared to tissue fixed by chemical fixation alone. Although these morphological differences are minimal, there can be no question of the fact that ultra-rapid freeze followed by freeze-substitution is morphologically superior to chemical fixation alone. Ultra-rapid-freeze, eventually utilizing other substitution agents than osmium tetroxide, will offer several advantages and should be particularly useful for investigators involved in cytochemical and immunochemical methods. PMID- 3147131 TI - Penile vascular catheterization in the diagnosis and treatment of impotence. PMID- 3147132 TI - Penile vascular catheterization in the diagnosis and treatment of impotence. PMID- 3147133 TI - Fundamentals and hemodynamics of penile erection. AB - Human penile erection is a complex phenomenon mediated through the coordinated interaction among the nervous, vascular, and musculosystems. For social and ethical reasons, the mechanism and hemodynamics of this essential human function remained speculative and controversial for many years. In the past decade, however, advances in technology, together with a marked increase in clinical and research activity, have resolved some of the controversy and have provided a better understanding of erectile physiology. In this essay, we will review traditional concepts, as well as the new and exciting findings from many different research centers, concerning the physiologic mechanisms of penile erection that involves the arterial, venous, and nervous systems. PMID- 3147134 TI - Arterial anatomy and arteriographic diagnosis of arteriogenic impotence. AB - One hundred twenty-six bilateral selective arteriographic examinations of the iliopudendal vascular tree were performed after comprehensive multidisciplinary evaluation in patients with chronic erectile dysfunction. Best imaging results were obtained by performing the arteriography under epidural anesthesia after intracavernous injection of a vasoactive drug combination. The arteriography is mandatory prior to revascularization procedures. It is further indicated in primary erectile dysfunction and posttraumatic erectile failure. The importance of cavernosography and selective arteriography in primary erectile dysfunction is stressed. Increasing knowledge about the influence of vasoactive drugs on penile hemodynamics has led to its application in diagnosis and therapy of erectile dysfunction. Pharmacocavernosography, Doppler-ultrasound of penile arteries after intracavernous injection of a vasoactive drug combination, and pharmacoarteriography are refined techniques to prove a vascular etiology of erectile dysfunction. The results of the morphologic studies of the vascular system are correlated with functional testing of erectile capacity by intracavernous application of a papaverine-phentolamine drug combination. PMID- 3147135 TI - Techniques for performing cavernosometry and cavernosography. AB - We have performed cavernosography and cavernosometry in more than 400 impotent patients and in 10 normal volunteers. In patients without abnormal venous leakage, intracavernosal infusion at a flow rate of 80-140 ml/min produces a complete rigid erection with an intracavernous pressure greater than 90 mm Hg; 25 50 ml/min is necessary to maintain the erection. Abnormal venous leakage is characterized by the absence of erection without a significant increase in intracavernous pressure under the maximum standardized perfusion rate of 140 ml/min. Cavernosography provides good morphologic studies of the cavernous bodies and the penile venous network, but must always be associated with flow rate measurement and intracavernous pressure monitoring for reliable assessment of venous leakage. PMID- 3147138 TI - Therapeutic roles of intracavernosal papaverine. AB - Intracavernosal self-injection of smooth muscle relaxants, primarily papaverine admixed with phentolamine, have been used to treat impotence in over 300 patients. The program is effective in a large fraction of this group. Selection of patients, adjustment of dose, methods for monitoring, clinical efficacy, and complications are discussed. PMID- 3147136 TI - Pharmacoangiographic assessment of the corpora cavernosa. AB - The present section presents further observations regarding cavernosometry and cavernosography, emphasizing the value of intracavernosal injection of a papaverine-phentolamine combination. Subsequent pharmacocavernosometry during fluid infusion then enables (1) precise quantitation of cavernosal leak by the pharmacologic maintenance erection flow (PMEF) method, and (2) determination of cavernosal pressure pulsations, a useful reflection of arterial sufficiency. In patients with excessive cavernosal leak, pharmacocavernosography supplements the examination by indicating the routes of persistent major venous drainage, key information in planning venoablative therapy. Compared with nonpharmacologic methods for cavernosometry and cavernosography, we feel the pharmacologic technique offers the following advantages: (1) it enables the highly accurate and reproducible PMEF method for quantitating cavernosal leakage; (2) the sites of abnormal leakage can be evaluated by cavernosography only after the pharmacologic technique; (3) the infusion volumes required to produce erection are smaller, more physiologic, and more conveniently administered; (4) the amplitude of the cavernosal pressure pulsation becomes useful as an index of arterial sufficiency; and (5) pulsations of the dorsal penile artery are amplified to the point of easy palpability, or more reliable Doppler detection. PMID- 3147137 TI - Angiography of posttraumatic impotence. AB - Of 135 patients who underwent penile angiography at our institution, impotence was related to noniatrogenic trauma in 16. Impotence developed immediately following an isolated traumatic event in 14 patients, and months or years after repeated blunt perineal trauma in 2. Invasive vascular assessment facilitated diagnosis in all patients. Although the mechanism of trauma varied greatly, most patients had vasculogenic (arteriogenic or venogenic) impotence. Complete vascular assessment required selective magnification pharmacoarteriography in multiple projections, pharmacocavernosography, and pharmacocavernosometry. Therapeutic choices were based largely on the angiographic findings, and included venous ligation, arterial bypass or angioplasty, self-injection of papaverine, or insertion of a prosthesis. PMID- 3147139 TI - Overview of types and results of vascular surgical procedures for impotence. AB - The pathophysiologic basis for impotence, as related to possible vascular surgical procedures, is briefly discussed. In order to better classify criteria for selection and results of surgery, various relevant terms are defined. In the authors experience, conventional procedures for venous ligation have restored potency in only about 20% of cases. An additional 60% respond when given supplemental papaverine therapy. A new surgical procedure for venous ligation, which allows access to the cavernosal veins, has produced very promising results in a small pilot series. Arterial reconstruction has been effective in about 80% of a highly selected group of patients with arteriogenic impotence. PMID- 3147140 TI - Transluminal penile venoablation for impotence: a progress report. AB - Based on theoretical advantages and successful pilot experiments in dogs, therapeutic transluminal penile venoablation underwent clinical trials in 13 impotent men. Catheter access to the penile venous structures was gained via (1) direct percutaneous puncture of the deep dorsal penile vein, (2) cut-down over the dorsal vein of the penis, or (3) retrograde catheterization of internal or external pudendal veins from a femoral vein. Alternatively, needle access only was gained into (4) the preprostatic plexus or the pudendal vein, (5) the superficial penile vein, or (6) the crura. Once venous access had been gained, selective venography was performed to clarify the relevant anatomy in each case. After catheterization, venoocclusion was produced by embolization with combinations of coils and Gelfoam, followed by sclerosant. Results to date indicate high feasibility of access by a variety of methods, and the safety of transluminal venoablation. Clinical efficacy to date seems only moderate. Eight of 13 patients report subjective improvement in the quality of erections after a mean follow-up period of 5.2 +/- 2.4 months. With regard to sexual activity, 2 patients are considered cured, 2 improved sufficiently for sexual intercourse, and 9 were insufficiently improved for intercourse. Of the nine failures, two were considered cures for 3 weeks, but then relapsed for unknown reasons. Two of the 4 patients that regained potency had concomittant unilateral or bilateral pudendal arterial occlusions. Technical modifications for improving results are under continuing investigation. PMID- 3147141 TI - Calcium and abnormal reactivity of vascular smooth muscle in hypertension. AB - It has been well documented that vascular smooth muscle (VSM) reactivity, as well as calcium sensitivity in response to neurotransmitters is increased in a number of blood vessels in established hypertension. Regulation of VSM reactivity involves the interaction of neurotransmitters and blood-borne hormones with specific receptors on target cell membranes. This results in phospholipase-C mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and the generation of two second messengers: inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) both of which act synergistically to produce muscle contraction. We will summarize recent findings in this review which suggest that in essentially hypertensive patients and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), the activation of phospholipase C in response to hormones is increased. Further, we will discuss how increases in phospholipase C activation via GTP-binding proteins may explain the observed increases in Ca2+ influx through potential- and receptor-operated Ca2+ channels, increased activation of protein kinase-C and increased [Ca2+]i in hormone-stimulated blood platelets and VSM cells in the hypertensive state. In addition to these defects, a decrease in the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump and Ca2+-binding proteins has been demonstrated in hypertension. Thus, it appears that the defect in Ca2+ metabolism in the hypertensive vessels is multifocal. All these defects in Ca2+ metabolism together may lead to an increase in peripheral vascular resistance with a concomitant increase in blood pressure. PMID- 3147142 TI - Calcium as a modulator of the immediate-early gene cascade in neurons. AB - Increases in intraneuronal free calcium result in the rapid, transient, induction of the fos and jun proto-oncogenes. In PC12 cells, induction may be elicited either by membrane depolarization or by direct activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels with BAY K 8644 both of which provoke an influx of calcium. The calmodulin pathway appears to link the elevated intracellular calcium to gene induction. In the brain, c-fos and c-jun may be induced by elevated neuronal activity such as occurs during pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizures. The N-methyl-D aspartate (NMDA) form of the glutamate receptor, which can directly gate calcium, plays a role in the induction of c-fos expression in PTZ seizures. In addition, NMDA can directly stimulate c-fos in the brain. Fos and Jun form a noncovalent nucleoprotein complex that binds to the consensus recognition sequence of the AP 1 transcription factor. Thus in a larger picture we envisage Fos and Jun as members of a concerted stimulus-transcription coupling pathway that links alterations in external stimuli to long term adaptive responses. In this context Fos, Jun and the other immediate-early genes should be viewed as third messengers which are regulated by second messengers such as intracellular calcium. PMID- 3147143 TI - Induction of the cortical reaction in isolated sea urchin egg cortices: effects of Ca2+ and ionophore A23187. AB - The cortical reaction in isolated sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) egg cortices has been monitored with phase-contrast video microscopy. It was confirmed that the cortical reaction is induced by exposure to Ca2+. No induction was observed after exposure to the Ca2+-ionophore A23187, although the cortices remain sensitive to a subsequent exposure to Ca2+, and the cortical reaction in unfertilized eggs suspended in cortex isolation medium remains inducible by exposure to A23187. These results imply: (1) that A23187 does not induce the cortical reaction directly; (2) that the release of intracellular Ca2+, through which A23187 induces the cortical reaction, is not from storage sites localized entirely in the cortex; and (3) that intracellular storage sites for the Ca2+ involved in the cortical reaction are also present outside the cortex. PMID- 3147144 TI - Degradation of endocytosed proteins is unaltered in senescent human fibroblasts. AB - We compared the abilities of young and senescent fibroblasts to take up and degrade [3H]ribonuclease A (native and oxidized), [3H]ribonuclease4-13, [3H]hemoglobin, [3H]glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, [3H]beta galactosidase, [3H]glycogen phosphorylase, and [125I]serum albumin. The endocytic uptake of these proteins ranged from fluid-phase to predominantly absorptive. Intralysosomal degradation rates of the different endocytosed proteins varied by an order of magnitude, but in no case was there a difference between cultures of young and senescent fibroblasts. PMID- 3147145 TI - Stimulation of DNA synthesis but not of peroxisomal beta-oxidation by nafenopin in primary cultures of marmoset hepatocytes. AB - The effects of the peroxisome proliferator nafenopin upon primary cultures of marmoset hepatocytes have been investigated and compared to those on cultured rat hepatocytes. Nafenopin did not induce peroxisomal beta-oxidation or peroxisome proliferation but did induce replicative DNA synthesis. These findings demonstrate that peroxisome proliferation and mitogenicity are two independent properties of nafenopin and question the widely held view that primates are generally insensitive to the effects of peroxisome proliferators. PMID- 3147146 TI - Mechanism of action of non-steroidal anti-rheumatic drugs. PMID- 3147148 TI - In vitro evaluation of ceftibuten (7432-S, SCH 39720), a novel orally administered cephalosporin. AB - 7432-S (SCH 39720) was the most active beta-lactam tested against the Enterobacteriaceae, inhibiting 92% of strains at less than or equal to 8.0 micrograms/ml compared to 82%, 65% and 39% of strains inhibited by cefixime, cefuroxime and cefaclor, respectively. 7432-S was also very effective against Haemophilus influenzae (MIC90, less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml), Branhamella catarrhalis (MIC90, 4.0 micrograms/ml) and Neisseria meningitidis (MIC90, less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml). Serogroup B streptococci and the penicillin-resistant pneumococci were generally less susceptible to 7432-S and comparison cephems than Streptococcus pyogenes or penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae isolates. Pseudomonas spp., enterococci, Acinetobacter spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were routinely resistant to 7432-S (MIC50s, greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml). PMID- 3147147 TI - Identification of an upstream activation site in the pyruvate decarboxylase structural gene (PDC1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The upstream region of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pyruvate decarboxylase structural gene, PDC1, has been isolated and fused to the indicator gene Escherichia coli lacZ. 1.2 kb of the upstream region has been sequenced. The PDC1 lacZ fusion has been integrated at the ura3-52 locus in the yeast genome, and has a basal level of expression on ethanol. On glucose media this level is increased 30-50 fold. An upstream activation site, UASpdc, between 793 and 535 bp upstream from the ATG of PDC1, which mediates the response to glucose has been identified by deletion analysis. The UASpdc contains a consensus RPG box, originally identified in ribosomal protein genes (Leer et al. 1985). The function of UASpdc is independent of distance from the ATG. There is also an upstream repressing sequence located between 535 and 385 bp upstream from the translational start of PDC1. PMID- 3147149 TI - Antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from active, therapy-resistant periodontal sites. AB - Periodontally affected sites may show resistance to mechanical therapy associated with conventional treatment. This periodontal situation is the result of the cooperation of bacteria, and in some cases the development of superinfections due to opportunistic bacteria is possible. These situations need particular attention in the choice of antibiotics. From some sites, bacteria not commonly found as periodontal pathogens may be isolated; they are generally resistant to antibiotics administered in periodontal therapy. Attention should be used particularly in cases where lesions most resemble those characteristic of the action of gram-negative bacteria. According to results of the present research these cases should be managed with antibiotic combinations and conventional mechanical therapy. PMID- 3147150 TI - Dendritic and axonal distribution of the microtubule-associated proteins MAP2 and tau in the cerebellum of the nervous mutant mouse. AB - The fate of the different types of axons and dendrites in the nervous mutant mouse has been studied with antibodies raised against the two major microtubule associated proteins, MAP2 and tau. These proteins are specific markers of dendrites and axons, respectively. (1) Immunoblot analysis of cerebellar extracts showed that MAP2 concentration is markedly reduced (by approximately 90%) in the adult mutant. A 60% decrease was already noticed at day 20 postnatal, i.e., when all the Purkinje cells are present in their normal location and in apparent normal number. (2) Immunohistochemical studies performed at an adult stage with anti MAP2 antibodies showed marked alterations in the shape of the dendrites of the rare surviving Purkinje cells present in the lateral sections of the cerebellum of the mutant. In the vermis, where 50% of the cells survive in adulthood, the MAP2 antibody revealed both clusters of cells with a normal density and an intricated and extensive pattern of dendritic arborization and isolated cells showing either an apparently normal or an altered dendritic tree. (3) At day 20 postnatal the same antibody revealed, in the lateral sections severe abnormalities of the dendrites of the Purkinje cells which were different from those seen in adulthood in the vermis. Thus, although few or any Purkinje cells are dead at this stage, a large proportion of them have already profound dendritic alterations. In contrast, in the vermis the Purkinje cells and their dendritic tree are undistinguishable at this stage from those of the unaffected normal mice. (4) Immunoblot and immunohistochemical studies performed with the anti Tau antibody suggested that the majority of the axonal fibers of the cerebellum were present both at day 20 postnatal and at later adult stages. This suggests that, although deprived of their postsynaptic targets these axons can survive for a long time after Purkinje cell death. However, an anti-neurofilament monoclonal antibody which stains specifically the axons of the basket cells, revealed an altered morphology of the basket cell nest in the regions devoid of Purkinje cells. (5) In conclusion the alterations in the morphology of dendrites seem to represent an early event of Purkinje cell degeneration and to be correlated with a marked decrease in expression of MAP2. It remains unclear, however, whether such changes in expression of MAP2 represent a primary effect of the mutation or if it is only a precocious result of Purkinje cell degeneration. PMID- 3147152 TI - The inhibitory effects of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan and polysaccharides upon polyclonal and monoclonal human T cell proliferation. AB - Lipoarabinomannan from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was able to inhibit antigen induced T cell proliferation of human CD4+ T cell clones specific for influenza virus. The inhibitory effect was also present when peripheral human T cells were stimulated with crude mycobacterial antigen extracts. Non-specific T cell stimulation, i.e. IL-2, PHA and anti-CD3 antibodies coupled to beads, was not affected. The inhibitory property was also found when arabinomannan and arabinogalactan of mycobacterial origin were tested but not with other unrelated polysaccharides used as controls. The effect appears to be related to the processing of the antigen by the antigen-presenting cells, since it was evident when T cell clones were stimulated with whole virus, whereas stimulation with a synthetic peptide containing the relevant epitope was not inhibitable. PMID- 3147151 TI - Isotypy of serum monoclonal immunoglobulins in human immunodeficiency virus infected adults. AB - The classes, subclasses and light chain types of 78 serum monoclonal immunoglobulins (MoIg) from adult patients affected with various clinical forms of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were studied by a sensitive Western blot technique. The incidence of MoIg-containing sera was 26% in a systematic study. Most of these sera contained several (up to eight) detectable MoIg. These MoIg were IgG (91%) and IgM (9%) with a predominance of light chains of the lambda type (kappa:lambda ratio 0.6). The subclass distribution of monoclonal IgG was strikingly different from that observed in myeloma; much less IgG1 and much more IgG3 and IgG4. PMID- 3147153 TI - Antibody levels to mycobacteria in relation to HLA type: evidence for non-HLA linked high levels of antibody to the 65 kD heat shock protein of M. bovis in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - We previously reported DR2 and DR7-associated regulation of antibody binding to mycobacteria in rheumatoid arthritis sera (RA), but not in tuberculosis (Tb). An extensive analysis of antibody to mycobacteria in matched normal sera, in relation to both HLA class I and class II has revealed no class II correlations, confirming that the original findings were due to RA. There was however a very strong association between IgM binding to M. tuberculosis and Cw1 (P = 0.0004). RA patients have strikingly raised levels of IgG (but not of IgA or IgM) binding to the 65 kD heat shock protein of M. tuberculosis, recently implicated in the pathogenesis of adjuvant arthritis in the rat. Remarkably, levels in RA were significantly higher even than in tuberculosis. Levels of this antibody showed no HLA associations. Thus the 65 kD antigen does not account for the DR7, and DR2 associations of IgM and IgA binding to mycobacteria reported previously, but does suggest a role for cross-reactive autoimmunity in RA. PMID- 3147155 TI - Severe aortic stenosis in systemic lupus erythematosus and mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter's syndrome). AB - Cardiac manifestations of the mucopolysaccharidoses often include valvular regurgitation, but stenotic lesions are quite rare. This report describes a 30 year-old man with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter's syndrome) and systemic lupus erythematosus who developed severe progressive aortic stenosis and died. Autopsy examination revealed evidence of various cardiac mucopolysaccharide disease including valvular leaflets thickened and distorted with fibrocalcific nodules. A brief review of previously reported valvular disease in Hunter's syndrome and other mucopolysaccharidoses is presented. This is also the first report of a patient with both systemic lupus and a mucopolysaccharidosis. PMID- 3147154 TI - Anti-idiotypes against autoantibodies and alloantibodies to VIII:C (anti haemophilic factor) are present in therapeutic polyspecific normal immunoglobulins. AB - Therapeutic, polyspecific, normal immunoglobulins (IVIg) suppress anti-factor VIII (VIII:C) activity of anti-VIII:c autoantibodies in vivo and in vitro. In the present study anti-VIII:C activity was found to be inhibited by two different preparations of IVIg in the plasma of three of four patients with autoantibodies and two of three patients with alloantibodies. F(ab')2 fragments from IVIg inhibited anti-VIII:C activity in F(ab')2 fragments from the plasma of the patients. In patients in whom anti-VIII:C activity was inhibited by IVIg, anti VIII:C F(ab')2 antibodies were specifically retained on an affinity column of Sepharose-bound F(ab')2 from IVIg. In patients in whom anti-VIII:C activity was not suppressed by IVIg in vitro, no binding of anti-VIII:C antibodies to Sepharose-bound IVIg was observed. In a patient in whom anti-VIII:C activity was only suppressed by one preparation of IVIg, specific binding of anti-VIII:C antibodies was only observed with that preparation but not with another. These results indicate that IVIg contain anti-idiotypes against autoantibodies and alloantibodies to VIII:C. The capacity of IVIg to inhibit anti-VIII:C activity in vitro is directly related to the presence of demonstrable anti-idiotypes against anti-VIII:C antibodies. The finding of anti-idiotypes against anti-VIII:C alloantibodies in IVIg suggests that, in addition to autoantibodies, some alloantibodies may be suppressed in vivo by IVIg. PMID- 3147157 TI - Aspirin and salicylate do not modify impaired endothelial cell replication at high glucose concentrations. PMID- 3147156 TI - Absorbable ligating clips: their ultrastructural characteristic in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 3147158 TI - Reversal of diabetes by transplantation of cryopreserved rat islets of Langerhans to the renal subcapsular space. AB - Intraportal transplantation of cryopreserved islets of Langerhans has been shown to reverse streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. This study demonstrates the feasibility of transplanting 3,000 cryopreserved islets beneath the kidney capsule of syngeneic streptozotocin-diabetic Wistar-Furth rats. The clinical indices of plasma glucose, urine volume, and urine glucose returned to baseline values following implantation of fresh and cryopreserved islets. The clinical indices post-transplant and the K values (decline in plasma glucose concentration, percent/min) during intravenous glucose tolerance tests were not significantly different in rats receiving freshly isolated or cryopreserved islet grafts. The rapid return to the diabetic state after nephrectomy proved conclusively that the reversal of diabetes was due to the grafted islets. This was confirmed by immunocytochemical localization of well confirmed by immunocytochemical localization of well granulated islets beneath the kidney capsule. We conclude that cryopreserved islets reverse streptozotocin-induced diabetes after renal subcapsular implantation and that the clinical response is similar to fresh isografts. PMID- 3147159 TI - DNA probe versus culture for detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in clinical specimens. AB - The laboratory diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is often difficult because of lengthy and complicated cultural methods and serological tests that may be both insensitive and nonspecific. In this study, 82 patients suspected of Mycoplasma pneumonia were cultured for M. pneumoniae, and their respiratory secretions were tested by a DNA probe for M. pneumoniae. The probe test was 100% sensitive and 98% specific compared to culture. This DNA probe, then, is an effective alternative method for the detection of M. pneumoniae in respiratory specimens. PMID- 3147160 TI - Branhamella catarrhalis: fatty acid and lipopolysaccharide analysis of an atypical strain from blood culture. AB - A Branhamella catarrhalis-like organism was isolated from blood cultures; it was atypical in showing negative nitrate and nitrite and positive gamma glutamylaminopeptidase reactions, in agglutinating with Neisseria meningitidis antisera, and in forming butyrous colonies. Cell-wall fatty-acid and lipopolysaccharide analysis provided evidence that this isolate was an atypical B. catarrhalis. PMID- 3147161 TI - Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum by direct inoculation of the BACTEC NAP vial. AB - The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, and M. africanum) can be differentiated from mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis (MOTT bacilli) with the BACTEC NAP test (Johnston Laboratories, Becton, Dickinson & Co., Towson, MD), by selectively inhibiting their growth with p-nitro-alpha acetyl-amino-beta-hydroxypropriophenone (NAP). The BACTEC NAP test is recommended for isolated mycobacterial cultures. In this report, a direct NAP test is performed by immediate inoculation of BACTEC NAP vials with processed sputum specimens that stain acid-fast positive. Seventy-six of 80 M. tuberculosis were correctly identified and all of the MOTT bacilli (nine M. avium complex and one M. kanasii) were correctly classified. The average time required for identification of M. tuberculosis with the direct BACTEC NAP test described here is more convenient than the recommended indirect test, and it is an accurate and rapid method to differentiate the M. tuberculosis complex from MOTT bacilli. PMID- 3147162 TI - Quantitation of collagen fragments and gelatin by deconvolution of polarimetry denaturation curves. AB - A method for quantitating nicked or shortened molecules (fragments) in pepsinized bovine type I collagen preparations using polarimetry thermal denaturation curves is described. The shortened molecules denature about 4 degrees C lower than intact collagen molecules. The analog output of a polarimeter was digitized and stored on a microcomputer disk. A BASIC program was written which retrieves the specific rotation data from the disk, smooths the data with a boxcar average, and plots the derivative of the denaturation curve. The derivative curve was deconvoluted by fitting three Gaussian curves to the derivative curve using published algorithms. The area of the Gaussian centered at 37 degrees C was proportional to the amount of collagen fragments. A good correlation between the amount of fragments determined by polarimetry and by a trypsin sensitivity assay was observed. The overall precision of the method was about 10% RSD, and the method was repeatable by multiple analysts. Application of the method to reconstituted fibrillar collagen samples showed that more fragments are generated when pepsin digestion time is lengthened. By fitting a fourth Gaussian component to the derivative curve, the method can also be used to determine relative amounts of denatured collagen (helix partially unwound but alpha chains not nicked). The detection limit for denatured collagen is about 20%. PMID- 3147163 TI - The effect of photoperiod on diurnal rhythms of serum gonadotrophins, prolactin and melatonin in ovariectomized heifers. AB - Fourteen heifers, ovariectomized prepubertally, were used in two experiments to test the hypotheses that (1) there are diurnal patterns in circulating concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin and melatonin and (2) that these diurnal patterns would be altered by changing photoperiod. In experiment 1 (Exp. 1) animals were randomly assigned to either increasing photoperiod (I) (n = 7) or decreasing photoperiod (D) (n = 7) for a period of 8 weeks. In the second experiment (Exp. 2) four heifers from each photoperiod group were assigned to the opposite treatment for another 4 weeks forming four subgroups; continued increasing photoperiod (II) (n = 3), increasing followed by decreasing photoperiod (ID) (n = 4), decreasing followed by increasing photoperiod (DI) (n = 4) and continued decreasing photoperiod (DD) (n = 3). At weeks 4, 8 (Exp. 1) and 12 (Exp. 2) the animals were cannulated and blood samples were taken hourly from 1030 hr to 0830 hr (23 samples). In Exp. 1, animals exposed to either I or D did not differ in circulating concentrations of LH, FSH, prolactin and melatonin. Concentrations of LH and melatonin but not FSH or prolactin were higher in animals during the scotophase than the photophase. In Exp. 2 LH, FSH and prolactin, but not melatonin concentrations were higher in animals exposed to I (II and ID) than D (DI and DD). Animals exposed to I had higher circulating concentrations of FSH and animals exposed to both I and D had higher concentrations of melatonin during the scotophase. Neither LH nor prolactin concentrations differed between scotophase and photophase. The abrupt switch from one photoperiod treatment to the other did not significantly affect LH, FSH or prolactin but did alter the patterns and concentrations of circulating melatonin. Animals that remained in the same photoperiod treatment had similar melatonin concentrations; but animals changed from I to D had higher serum melatonin concentrations than those changed from D to I. These data support the hypothesis that there are diurnal changes in circulating concentrations of melatonin in the prepubertal bovine female, with concentrations higher during scotophase than photophase. In addition, under certain photoperiodic conditions there were diurnal rhythms in gonadotropins. These data also support the hypothesis that changing photoperiod alters the diurnal pattern in circulating melatonin concentrations. PMID- 3147164 TI - Response to a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog in heifers treated with recombinant growth hormone. AB - Sixteen pregnant Holstein heifers (430kg) were used to determine the effect of long-term administration of a bovine growth hormone (bGH) made by recombinant DNA technology on the ability of a bolus injection of a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog (Ac-His-1, D-Ala-2, Nle-27, GHRH(1-29 NH2) to increase serum GH. Eight heifers received a daily intramuscular injection of bGH (50 mg/day) for 5 months while the other half received a daily injection of physiological saline (control) over the same period. On the last day of bGH treatment and 1, 5, 10 and 25 days after the cessation of bGH treatment, five heifers from each group were challenged with GHRH analog and the response to this releasing hormone analog was measured. Basal GH concentrations were elevated on the last day of treatment in bGH-treated heifers and declined to concentrations similar to control heifers by 1 day after cessation of treatment. Response to GHRH analog was impaired by bGH during the last day of treatment and one day later. Responsiveness returned to a level similar to controls by 5 days after the end of bGH treatment. Response to GHRH analog was lessened during the period of bGH treatment but there were no long term effects on the animals' ability to respond to the releasing hormone. PMID- 3147165 TI - The influence of duration of photoperiod and hemicastration on growth and testicular and endocrine functions of boars. AB - Yorkshire boars were used to evaluate the influence of duration of photoperiod and hemicastration on growth and testicular and endocrine functions. At 10 wk of age, 5 hemicastrate (HC) and 5 intact (I) boars were assigned to either 8 or 16 hr of light daily until 6 mo of age. Body weights were recorded biweekly throughout the experiment. Venous cannulae were placed in all boars at 6 mo of age, and serum was collected at 30 min intervals from 0800 to 2000 hr. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) was infused at 2000 hr (50 micrograms) and at 2030 hr (250 micrograms), and samples of serum were collected until 2400 hr. The following day, all boars were castrated, and the weights and sperm content of the testes and epididymides were determined. At castration, all pigs were given implants containing testosterone. Two weeks later, pigs were again canulated, and serum was obtained at 15 min intervals for 2 hr. Growth of boars was not significantly affected by duration of photoperiod or number of testes. Duration of photoperiod did not affect weight or sperm content of testes or epididymides. Hemi-castrated boars had greater testicular (P less than .01) and capita-corpora (C-C) epididymal weights (P less than .05) and more testicular and C-C sperm (P less than .01) per testis. Neither average concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) nor number and amplitude of pulses of LH were affected by photoperiod treatment. However, HC boars had greater average concentrations of LH (P less than .05) than I boars (.71 +/- .05 vs .52 +/- .05 ng/ml). Hemicastrated boars in 16 hr light daily had greater concentrations of FSH in serum (P less than .05) than 8I, 8HC, and 16I boars. Intact and HC boars had similar concentrations of prolactin (PRL) and testosterone. Similarly, concentrations of PRL and testosterone were not affected by duration of photoperiod. Secretion of LH and testosterone after treatment with GnRH was not significantly affected by duration of photoperiod. In general, HC boars released more LH in response to GnRH treatment than I boars. Concentrations of LH were greater (P less than .05) in HC than I boars at .5, 1, 2, and 3 hr after GnRH and tended (P less than .10) to be elevated at 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4 hr after GnRH. The FSH response to GnRH was greater (P less than .05) for 16HC than 8I, 8HC, or 16I boars.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3147166 TI - Measurement of the amount of mRNA for gonadotropins during an estradiol-induced preovulatory-like surge of LH and FSH in ovariectomized ewes. AB - The amount of messenger RNA (mRNA) for luteinizing hormone beta-subunit (LH beta), follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit (FSH beta) and alpha-subunit was measured during estradiol-17 beta (E) positive feedback in ovariectomized (OVX) ewes. During the anestrous season, OVX ewes were given an i.m. injection of E (25 micrograms: n = 5) or oil (control; n = 4) and hourly blood samples were collected for 16 hr. After blood collection, ewes were killed and anterior pituitary glands were removed for analysis of hormone and mRNA content. Preovulatory-like increases in serum concentrations of LH and FSH were measured in E-treated OVX ewes. In two E-treated OVX ewes the serum concentrations of LH and FSH were still increasing, whereas in the remaining three E-treated OVX ewes, serum concentrations of LH were on the decreasing portion of the E-induced preovulatory-like surge. Pituitary content of LH was lower (P less than .10) in E treated OVX ewes when serum concentrations of LH were decreasing than that measured in control ewes or E-treated OVX ewes in which serum concentrations were still increasing. Pituitary content of FSH and prolactin were similar (P greater than .05) among all groups. The amount of mRNA for LH beta-subunit was similar (P greater than .05) in ewes in which serum concentrations of LH were increasing and in control ewes, but was lower (P less than .05) in ewes with decreasing levels of LH. The amount of mRNA for FSH beta-subunit was lower (P less than .05) in all E-treated OVX ewes (independent of whether serum concentrations of FSH were increasing or decreasing) than that measured in control ewes. There was no difference (P greater than .05) in the amount of mRNA for alpha-subunit among any groups. Thus, amounts of mRNA for the beta-subunits of gonadotropins are reduced, while amounts of mRNA for alpha-subunit are unchanged during estradiol positive feedback in OVX ewes. PMID- 3147167 TI - Gonadotropin secretion in ovariectomized pony mares treated with dexamethasone or progesterone and subsequently with dihydrotestosterone. AB - Twelve long-term ovariectomized (OVX) pony mares were used to determine the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) or progesterone (PR) on concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in daily blood samples and after administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). All mares were subsequently administered dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to determine if DEX or PR treatment altered the FSH or LH response to this androgen. Daily blood sampling was started on day 1. After a pretreatment injection of GnRH on day 5, four mares were administered DEX at 125 micrograms/kg of body weight (BW), four mares were administered PR at 500 micrograms/kg of BW and four mares were administered vehicle. Injections were given subcutaneously in vegetable shortening daily through day 14. After a second injection of GnRH on day 15, all mares were administered DHT in shortening at 150 micrograms/kg of BW. Injections of DHT were given daily through day 24. A final injection of GnRH was given on day 25. Treatment of mares with DEX 1) reduced (P less than .01) daily LH secretion and briefly increased (P less than .05) daily FSH secretion and 2) increased (P less than .01) the FSH response to exogenous GnRH. Treatment of mares with PR had no effect on daily LH secretion but increased (P less than .05) daily FSH secretion and increased (P less than .01) the FSH response to exogenous GnRH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147169 TI - 40 years of the World Health Organization. PMID- 3147168 TI - [Continuous enteral feeding at a digestive intensive care unit]. PMID- 3147170 TI - Myocardial infarction at young age. AB - In a group of 25 men after myocardial infarction (MI) at an age under 40 years the occurrence of risk factors of ischaemic heart disease, the results of both invasive and noninvasive investigations as well as other special examinations within one year after the attack of acute MI were analysed. In 36% there was a normal finding or nonsignificant stenosis on the coronary arteries (less than 50% lumen obstruction at coronary angiography); a significant stenosis was found in 64%, out of which only one coronary vessel was affected in 32%. Dominant risk factors were: smoking, lipid metabolism disturbances, hypertension and a positive family history. The average number of risk factors in the group with a normal finding on the coronary arteries was 2.55, and in the group with a significant coronary sclerosis 4.85. The risk of myocardial infarction is increased by the coexistence of heavy smoking habits and vigorous physical activity. No correlation was found between the extent and location of coronary sclerosis and the functional parametres and wall motion of the left ventricle. An analysis of occupational status before MI revealed that 52% of the patients were workers, 40% professional drivers and only 8% were clerks. PMID- 3147171 TI - Blood group antigens in epithelial tumours of the urinary bladder. AB - The occurrence of blood isoantigens, demonstrated using an immunofluorescence technique in urothelial tumours of 40 blood group A, B, or AB patients who had been treated and followed up during the years 1977-1983, has been compared with their histological grading and clinical course. In both of the 2 papillomas and 35 grade I papillocarcinomas, a positive expression of the relevant isoantigens could be demonstrated, while all of the 19 grade III papillocarcinomas just as the 22 anaplastic carcinomas always proved negative. In a group of 34 grade II papillocarcinomas, 21 of the tumours proved positive and 13 negative; with all tumours showing signs of invasiveness being always negative. Correlation of these results with the clinical courses of the disease did not exhibit such unequivocal results, even though, in a group of 7 patients who had died of a generalized urothelial carcinoma verified by post-mortem, all of the 19 examinations that have been performed proved, with the exception of one, to be negative. These results confirm the fact that identification of blood isoantigens may help to reach a more accurate prediction of the biological behaviour and prognosis of urothelial carcinomas, especially, among grade II papillocarcinomas since loss of the antigen expression appears to be related to the tumour's capacity of invading the mucous stroma. PMID- 3147172 TI - The fate of people with pleural hyalinosis (plaques): relationship to direct and indirect asbestos exposure. AB - A follow-up study of persons with pleural plaques was concluded in 1984. The first cohort was made up of employees and retired workers with direct absestos exposure in an asbestos factory (AZ factory) producing heat-resistant textiles, friction engine parts and heat-resistant boards. The raw material was imported chrysotile and small amounts of crocidolite. The follow-up was started in the 1950s. Our second cohort comprised residents selected by radiographic screening in a vast area surrounding the AZ factory who had had indirect asbestos exposure by airborn asbestos fibres. The follow-up period began in the 1970s. A control group consisted of employees and retired workers of a railway repair shop, without exposure to asbestos dust and within a corresponding age bracket. At the time of assessing our results, most of the subjects assigned to all the three groups were no longer alive so we were able to analyse data regarding their life and death. Hyalinosis complicata and pleural mesothelioma (peritoneal mesothelioma in one case) were present and resulted in death only in those with direct asbestos exposure. While lung cancer was among the causes of death in both cohorts with exposure as well as in the control group, its prevalence in the group with direct exposure was significantly higher than in the control group. By contrast, "other neoplasia" was found both in the control group and in exposed persons without any specific prevalence. PMID- 3147173 TI - Endoscopic gastroduodenal polypectomy. AB - The authors performed a total of 288 successful endoscopic gastroduodenal polypectomy procedures in 129 patients. Drawing on literary data and the results of follow-up of their own patients, they regard endoscopic gastroduodenal polypectomy as a successful and relatively low-risk method for secondary prevention of gastric cancer. Recurrence of adenomas, with malignant degeneration in 6-75%, was noted, only in the first year after primary polypectomy, in 8% of patients. Four percent of patients after adenoma polypectomy developed gastric carcinoma. Removal of gastroduodenal adenomas by endoscopy represents a final therapeutic procedure significantly reducing the possibility of these originally benign variants transforming into malignant ones. Even polyps smaller than 10 mm in diameter may be adenomas possessing a rather high malignant potential. The authors regard endoscopic polypectomy of hyperplastic polyps as a justified procedure since the literary data compiled and their own experience suggest polyp susceptibility to development of dysplasia. While this tendency gets manifest only rarely, it would be medically wrong to dismiss it as negligible. In case of removal of an early polypoid gastric carcinoma, endoscopic polypectomy is a therapeutic procedure only in clearly defined and histologically well classified cases. In other cases involving prominence of the gastroduodenal mucosa, it is an invaluable diagnostic method whose benefit is that it removes an entire polyp for histologic examination. PMID- 3147174 TI - Ophthalmological lesions after long-term dialysis treatment. AB - In the sphere of dialysis treatment, the questions of adequacy of this form of treatment are receiving increasing attention. One of the criteria for the evaluation of this problem is no doubt the functional and anatomical state of the body. As the eye findings form an integral part of the entire clinical picture, the occurrence of pathological ophthalmologic lesions found after long term dialysis treatment (LTDT) can be used as a criterion of adequacy of the chosen treatment. Eye findings were evaluated in 12 patients with chronic renal insufficiency treated by haemodialysis for at least 10 years. On the external eye segment, most evident were degenerative changes of the pinguecula type, occurring in all patients. In all cases we also observed a massive disturbance of the retinal electrical activity (REA). In 58% of all examined patients we found a peculiar yellow-brownish pigmentation of the eye background. Greater or smaller alterations in the intra-ocular microcirculation in the chorioideal, retinal and papillary circulation regions were proven fluoroangiographically in all patients. In 5 eyes a marked disturbance of central vision was found as a result of pathological changes of the retinal centres or atrophy of the optic nerve. We may sum up that the haemodialysis treatment is yet not able to maintain all functions of the body at a satisfactory level. PMID- 3147175 TI - Combination of two sulfonylureas. Does it make sense. PMID- 3147177 TI - Long-term observation of the function of isolated pancreas islets transplanted to the rats in amounts insufficient for exact reversal of diabetes. PMID- 3147176 TI - The nutritional status of an elderly population in a rural area in Embu District, Kenya. PMID- 3147178 TI - [Thyroxine-and triiodothyronine-binding cytosol proteins in human adipose tissue]. PMID- 3147179 TI - [An optimal radioimmunologic method of determining gonadotropin levels using anti LH and anti-FSH sera (Biomed)]. PMID- 3147180 TI - Effect of prostaglandin and leukotriene antagonists in acute mesenteric artery occlusion. AB - Superior mesenteric artery occlusion leads to mesenteric ischemia, activation of arachidonic acid metabolism and release of endotoxins into the systemic circulation. The effect of leukotriene and prostaglandin antagonists on hemodynamic response and survival of rats after superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion was investigated. The animals were divided into five groups: in group 1 (n = 105) the SMA was clamped for 2 h and mortality assessed after 24 h. Group 2 animals (n = 20) were pretreated with 5 mg/kg indomethacin and the SMA clamped similarly to group 1, group 3 animals (n = 15) were pretreated with 5 mg/kg Voltaren, group 4 animals (n = 20) received 20 mg/kg BW 755C before mesenteric artery occlusion, and group 5 animals (n = 50) were pretreated with 100 mg diethylcarbamazine. The blood pressure and pulse response as well as histologic appearance of the bowel 1 h after declamping was similar in all five groups. The mortality rate after 24 h was 34% in the control group, 36% with indomethacin treatment, 36% with voltaren, 47% with BW 755C and 40% with diethylcarbamazine. The mortality rate in all the treated groups was not significantly different from the control group. Plasma thromboxane B2 levels were inhibited significantly by indomethacin and Voltaren and to a lesser extent by BW 755C. There was a paradoxical rise in thromboxane B2 following diethylcarbamazine treatment. It is concluded that inhibition of the cyclooxygenase and/or the lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid did not alter the hemodynamic response and mortality following 2 h of acute superior mesenteric artery occlusion. PMID- 3147182 TI - Prostaglandin E1 and arterial occlusive disease: pharmacological considerations. PMID- 3147181 TI - Total parenteral nutrition by intraperitoneal feeding in rabbits. AB - The possibility of intraperitoneal (IP) parenteral nutrition was suggested after the observation that glucose and amino acids pass from the peritoneal cavity into the systemic circulation. We used rabbits to study the characteristics of the transfer of glucose, lipids and amino acids. An IP injection of glucose 25% (1 g/kg) produced a peak level in the serum within 40 min. A 20% fat solution (1 g/kg) showed maximum serum levels of triglycerides and total lipid in 2.5 h, while a standard amino acid solution (1.5 g/kg) enriched with 25 14C phenylalanine peaked serum levels in 16 min. The 4 rabbits survived for 28 days with IP glucose, amino acids and lipids as the only form of nutrition, apart from water. When sacrificed after 28 days histology of peritoneum, liver, spleen, gut and kidney showed no abnormality. We conclude that the basic nutritional components are adequately absorbed through the peritoneum, and that long-term nutritional support can be achieved uneventfully with IP administration of nutritional solutions. PMID- 3147183 TI - Copper distribution among serum proteins in paediatric liver disorders and malignancies. AB - Fractionation of normal serum on Sephadex G-150, followed by determination of copper, caeruloplasmin and albumin concentrations, indicated that only approximately 71% of total serum copper was associated with caeruloplasmin; less than previously reported values. Seven per cent was associated with a high molecular weight protein, designated 'transcuprein', 19% with albumin and 2% with amino acids. Compared with adult serum the concentrations of caeruloplasmin and of copper associated with caeruloplasmin were low both in serum from neonates and in serum from patients with symptomatic Wilson's disease. However, in contrast to the neonate, Wilson's disease patients exhibited a raised total serum copper and raised non-caeruloplasmin-copper. In Indian Childhood Cirrhosis serum caeruloplasmin and caeruloplasmin-copper levels were normal, whilst the non caeruloplasmin-copper was raised. Elevated non-caeruloplasmin-copper in Wilson's disease and Indian Childhood Cirrhosis may therefore represent an overspill into the serum from a copper-laden liver. Children with malignancy showed increased serum concentrations of copper and caeruloplasmin. Both caeruloplasmin-bound and non-caeruloplasmin-bound copper concentrations were elevated. It remains to be determined whether increased 'transcuprein'- and albumin-bound copper result from a sequestering of copper released from peripherally utilized caeruloplasmin, or are associated with increased rates of caeruloplasmin synthesis. PMID- 3147184 TI - Adipocyte insulin receptor binding and lipogenesis at term in normal pregnancy. AB - Lipogenesis in subcutaneous abdominal adipocytes during late human pregnancy was investigated by studying insulin receptor binding, 3-O-methyl-(14C-(U]-glucose flux and incorporation of (14C(U]-glucose into CO2 (oxidation) and total lipids (lipogenesis) in adipocytes from 18 health pregnant women undergoing Caesarean section at term, and 19 non-pregnant women undergoing gynaecological surgery. The cell diameter and fasting insulin were increased in the pregnant women, compared with controls (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively). The insulin receptor binding, 3-O-methyl-glucose flux, and basal oxidation were similar in both groups. Basal lipogenesis was higher in adipocytes from pregnant women than from controls (P less than 0.05), but the maximally stimulated increment was similar in both groups. Basal and maximally stimulated lipogenesis correlated positively with the cell diameter (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.05, respectively). The findings indicate that lipogenesis in subcutaneous abdominal adipocytes from pregnant women is increased due to post-receptor events and that adipocytes do not contribute to the insulin resistance in late pregnancy. PMID- 3147185 TI - Polymorphism at the 5' end flanking region of the insulin gene is associated with reduced insulin secretion in healthy individuals. AB - Sixty-four unrelated healthy subjects were studied for the detection of a DNA polymorphism at the 5' end of the insulin gene. No significant difference between the groups was found in blood glucose values at fasting and after an oral glucose load. A significant association was found between fasting (P less than 0.05) and after load plasma C-peptide levels (P less than 0.01) and the presence of a 1.6 Kb insertion at the 5' end of the insulin gene. A gene dose-dependent effect was noted, class 3/3 individuals having the lowest after-load C-peptide concentration and class 1/3 an intermediate level (F for the linear trend: P = 0.007). This might suggest that insulin gene polymorphism affects insulin secretion in healthy individuals. In order to confirm this, a subgroup of six class 3/3 and eight class 1/1 individuals subsequently underwent a hyperglycaemic clamp. The tissue sensitivity to insulin was similar in the two groups but glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was markedly impaired in homozygotes for the class 3 allele. In this group, insulin secretion was, on average, only one-third of that in class 1/1 individuals (P less than 0.02). Similarly impaired in class 3/3 persons was the glucose + arginine-stimulated insulin secretion (P less than 0.05). We conclude that the polymorphism at the 5' end of the insulin gene is associated with variations in insulin secretion in healthy humans. PMID- 3147187 TI - Retention of haematoporphyrin in the aorta of hypertensive rats: in-vivo and in vitro studies. AB - Porphyrins are known to be accumulated and retained by tumours and atherosclerotic plaques. This property has been used for a new therapeutic approach called photodynamic therapy. In this study we assessed whether the presence of arterial hypertension could modify porphyrin turnover in the vascular wall. At various times after intravenous injection, haematoporphyrin concentration was assessed by a spectrophotofluorimetric method in the aortas of normotensive and hypertensive rats. Moreover, we studied the binding of haematoporphyrin to cultured smooth muscle cells obtained from normotensive and hypertensive rats. Larger amounts of haematoporphyrin were accumulated by the aorta of hypertensive rats and cleared at a slower rate, compared with normotensive rats. As for in-vitro experiments, cultured smooth muscle cells from hypertensive rats bound larger amounts of haematoporphyrin than cells from normotensive rats. PMID- 3147186 TI - Insulin resistance in Graves' disease: a quantitative in-vivo evaluation. AB - Hyperthyroidism is considered to be an insulin-resistant state, but a quantitative evaluation of some action of insulin is still lacking. We performed euglycaemic clamp at about 350 and 7000 pmol l-1 plasma insulin concentration in combination with the 3H-glucose infusion in 12 patients with Graves' disease and in 12 matched controls. Fasting plasma insulin (126 +/- 6.5 vs. 77.5 +/- 5.7 pmol l-1; P less than 0.001), C-peptide (502 +/- 36 vs. 363 +/- 41 pmol l-1; P less than 0.001) and glucagon (47 +/- 3.3 vs. 33.3 +/- 3 pmol l-1; P less than 0.01) were significantly higher in hyperthyroids than in euthyroids. Basal hepatic glucose production was significantly higher in hyperthyroids than in euthyroids (18.3 +/- 1.4 vs. 9.2 +/- 0.5 mumol l-1; P less than 0.0001), and its suppression during physiological hyperinsulinaemia was only 50% in hyperthyroids. Glucose utilization and suppression of lipolysis were normally stimulated by insulin. All parameters altered during hyperthyroidism were normalized during methimazole induced euthyroidism. We conclude that insulin resistance involves mainly glucose rather than lipid and is selective at the hepatic level. PMID- 3147188 TI - Serum amyloid A and high density lipoproteins during the acute phase response. AB - Serum amyloid A and high density lipoprotein (HDL) interrelationships were evaluated in 11 normal men during an acute phase response induced by the inflammatory steroid etiocholanolone. Compared with baseline, HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly elevated at 30 h but not at 50 h (P less than 0.05) after etiocholanolone. A-apoprotein concentrations were unchanged at 30 h but were reduced at 54 h (P less than 0.01). Four subjects were sampled every 6-8 h for 5 days. Two men had peak SAA concentrations of 30 and 33 mg dl-1. Their A apoprotein levels declined as SAA rose and remained low even after SAA levels had returned to baseline. High density lipoprotein cholesterol levels did not fall, however, when SAA was increasing, and fell only after SAA levels declined. No changes in HDL-cholesterol or protein were observed in two subjects whose peak SAA concentrations were 10 and 12 mg dl-1. These observations suggest that a threshold level of acute phase response is required before HDL reductions occur. Column chromatography of SAA-rich plasma did not demonstrate the presence of either SAA or A-apoproteins that were unassociated with lipoproteins. Serum amyloid A, moreover, demonstrated little capacity to displace A-proteins from HDL at SAA concentrations typically observed during the acute phase response. We infer from these studies that SAA may substitute for the A-apoproteins and temporarily maintain HDL-cholesterol levels; but that low HDL levels during the acute phase response are likely due to reduced A-protein synthesis rather than displacement by SAA. PMID- 3147189 TI - Differences between premenopausal women and young men in the transamination pathway of methionine catabolism, and the protection against vascular disease. AB - Catabolism of methionine is supposed to proceed via two known pathways: transsulphuration and transamination. In 10 premenopausal women and 13 young men we measured methionine, the transsulphuration metabolite homocysteine, and the transamination metabolites 4-methylthio-2-oxo-butryate and methanethiol mixed disulphides in the fasting state as well as after oral administration of 0.1 g L methionine kg-1 body weight. Both in the fasting state and after methionine loading the concentrations of homocysteine in serum were significantly lower in premenopausal women than in young men. Since there is evidence that even a moderate homocysteinaemia may be a risk factor in the development of vascular disease, the low homocysteine levels could be an additional factor contributing to the lower incidence of vascular disease in premenopausal women. After oral methionine these women showed significantly higher concentrations both in serum and urine of the transamination metabolites than the group of men. This higher methionine transamination in premenopausal women may contribute to keeping the homocysteine levels low and may therefore have an impact on the protection of these women against vascular disease. PMID- 3147190 TI - Relationships between plasma isotope enrichments of leucine and alpha ketoisocaproic acid during continuous infusion of labelled leucine. AB - The ratio at steady-state of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) to leucine 13C enrichments in plasma during continuous infusion of [13C]leucine was examined in 58 studies under a variety of conditions. The ratio was lower (P less than 0.001) in 'arterialized' venous plasma (mean +/- SD 0.85 +/- 0.09) than in deep venous plasma (0.95 +/- 0.08), the sampling site enrichment differences being greater for leucine than for KIC. Variation in the ratio between the various conditions studied was largely explained by analytical variation. Three normal subjects were given an intravenous bolus dose of L-[1-13C, 15N]leucine. Both [13C]KIC and [13C]leucine appeared quantitatively in plasma within 10 min, indicating that both transamination of leucine and KIC, and their equilibration between intracellular fluid and plasma, is rapid. This study suggests that changes in sampling site, rather than in study conditions, are more likely to lead to variation in the KIC:leucine enrichment ratio. The lesser variation for KIC, and the rapid equilibration of the [13C]leucine bolus, favour KIC as tracee for [13C]leucine protein turnover studies. PMID- 3147191 TI - Differences in individual responsiveness of serum cholesterol to fat-modified diets in man. AB - In the period 1963-1974, 82 monks and 48 nuns from five Dutch and Belgian Trappist monasteries each participated in two or more out of nine different trials designed to test the effect of 58 different fat-modified diets on serum cholesterol. We analysed these data to quantify the extent to which healthy, normolipaemic subjects differ in the responsiveness of their serum cholesterol to a change in dietary fatty acid composition. Statistically significant between person variance components (SD2p) were found in the serum cholesterol responses for the whole group (SD2p = [0.20 mmol l-1]2), for the men (SD2p = [0.24 mmol l 1]2) and for those women who participated in three or more trials (SD2p = [0.14 mmol l-1]2). The between-person variation (expressed as SD) was on average only half as large as the within-person variation in response when the same subject was challenged repeatedly. It is concluded that medically significant differences in responsiveness to fat-modified diets exist in both men and women. However, few subjects fail entirely to respond to a change in dietary fatty acid composition. In addition, the large within-subject variability makes it difficult to identify hypo- and hyperresponders. PMID- 3147192 TI - Skeletal muscle and whole body protein turnover in cardiac cachexia: influence of branched-chain amino acid administration. AB - Muscle protein wasting commonly accompanies severe heart failure. The mechanism of this so-called cardiac cachexia has been investigated in eight patients with an average body weight decrement of 19%, whose results have been compared with those from 11 healthy control subjects. Exchanges of tyrosine and 3 methylhistidine across leg tissue were used as specific indicators of net protein balance and myofibrillar protein breakdown, respectively. Whole body protein turnover was measured using a stable isotope labelling technique with L-[1 13C]leucine as tracer. In patients with cardiac cachexia there were greater values, relative to those values in normal control subjects, of leg efflux of tyrosine (-8.1 +/- 0.6 nmol 100 ml leg tissue-1 min-1 vs. -4.2 +/- 0.3 nmol 100 ml-1 min-1 (P less than 0.01) and of 3-methylhistidine (-0.8 +/- 0.1 nmol 100 ml leg tissue-1 min-1 vs. -0.1 +/- 0.02 nmol 100 ml-1 min-1 (P less than 0.005), mean +/- SEM). The results suggest that in patients with cardiac cachexia the state of net negative protein balance across leg tissue is associated with an increased rate of myofibrillar protein breakdown. In cardiac cachexia, neither efflux of tyrosine (-8.4 +/- 0.7 nmol 100 ml leg tissue-1 min-1) nor of 3 methylhistidine (-1.0 +/- 0.2 nmol 100 ml leg tissue-1 min-1) were significantly altered by branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) infusion to plasma concentrations of 1300 +/- 14 mumol ml-1, i.e., four times normal plasma values (282 +/- 11 mumol ml-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147193 TI - Characterization of stereomicroscopically identified preneoplastic lesions during dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic carcinogenesis. AB - Preneoplastic mucosal changes were studied at six different time-points during dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in the rat. After 40 weeks of treatment, seven of 10 animals were bearing a total of 11 colorectal adenocarcinomas. The crypt cell production rate in the normal mucosa of DMH treated animals was greatly increased in the left colon and rectum and further rose with the duration of the experiment. Focal disturbances of the mucosal architecture could be detected as early as 4 weeks after the initiation of DMH treatment using a stereomicroscope. Their incidence was greatest in the left colon and rectum and increased strongly with the duration of carcinogen exposure. Characterization of these mucosal alterations, by means of conventional histology, morphometry after microdissection, cell kinetics, mucin histochemistry and quantitative enzyme histochemistry performed with serial sections, revealed mild epithelial dysplasia, a considerable elongation and dilatation of the crypts and a marked increase of the crypt cell production, including a shift of the main proliferative compartment from the basal to the medial crypt segment as well as the occurrence of mitotic figures in the luminal epithelium. In affected crypts, the goblet cells completely lacked sulphomucins and exclusively contained sialomucins. The activities of the enzymes diaminopeptidase IV (brush-border), succinate dehydrogenase (mitochondria) and acid beta-galactosidase (lysosomes) were markedly reduced. We conclude that these early mucosal alterations are indeed preneoplastic lesions and indicate the existence of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in this animal model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147194 TI - The intracellular calcium stores in the rabbit trachealis. AB - We investigated the role of the intracellular Ca2+ stores in the regulation of the rabbit tracheal smooth muscle contraction. Carbachol (10 microM)- and 80K induced contractions were reduced by preincubating tissues in Ca2+-free (EGTA PSS) solution. Contractile amplitude plotted as a function of the duration of EGTA-PSS preexposure was described by a biexponential for carbachol and a monoexponential for 80K. In EGTA-PSS, a prior caffeine (50 mM)-induced contraction prevented any subsequent phasic carbachol response; the converse was also true. In contrast, prior exposure to 80K increased the amplitude of a subsequent carbachol or caffeine contraction measured in EGTA-PSS. Repletion of Ca2+ plus either 80K or a low concentration of carbachol (0.3 microM) resulted in delayed tension development. Preincubation in forskolin (10(-5) M) in PSS also delayed tension development. We propose that the internal stores, most likely the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the airway muscle function both to supply and remove Ca2+ from the cytoplasm. PMID- 3147195 TI - Desensitization of agonist-stimulated prostacyclin release in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) release was studied in perfused columns of human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured on microcarrier beads. Substantial homologous desensitization of PGI2 release occurred when cells were exposed to agonist for 2 min after a previous exposure; the extent depended on the concentration and duration of the first challenge. Recovery from exposure to ATP or bradykinin was complete in less than 80 min; recovery from thrombin was incomplete after greater than 80 min, and this was apparently related to its proteolytic activity. Experiments with ibuprofen, a reversible inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase, demonstrated that homologous desensitization did not involve inactivation of cyclo-oxygenase. ATP and bradykinin did not induce heterologous desensitization. Thrombin and trypsin induced cross-desensitization, but neither agonist significantly reduced responses to ATP or bradykinin, suggesting that a common proteolytic mechanism is responsible for their ability to induce PGI2 synthesis. We conclude that desensitization of PGI2 release in response to physiological agonists is generally agonist-specific and involves modulation of molecular events at or close to the receptors involved, rather than inactivation of prostanoid biosynthesis. PMID- 3147196 TI - Inhalation rate of sodium cromoglycate determines plasma pharmacokinetics and protection against AMP-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma. AB - We have investigated whether the inspiratory flow at which sodium cromoglycate (SCG) is inhaled influences the efficacy of SCG. Seven atopic asthmatic subjects (age 25 +/- 2 yrs) inhaled dry powder SCG from a Spinhaler on separate occasions at three flow rates, maximum (V1), 100 l.min-1 (V2), and 50 l.min-1 (V3), or placebo, according to a double-blind structured study. Thirty minutes after administration a bronchial provocation test was performed with adenosine 5' monophosphate (AMP). Blood samples for measurement of plasma SCG concentration were taken and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) calculated for each flow rate. Both inspiratory flow rate and AUC correlated significantly with the degree of protection afforded against AMP-induced bronchoconstriction (r = 0.73, p less than 0.001; r = 0.66, p less than 0.001). These findings indicate that the flow rate used to inhale powdered SCG is a major factor in determining the protective efficacy of this drug against bronchial challenge and therefore has important clinical implications. PMID- 3147197 TI - Mucosal inhibition of cholinergic contractions in ferret trachea can be transferred between organ baths. AB - The influence of the mucosa on the contractile responses to cholinergic nerve stimulation in an in vitro nerve muscle preparation of ferret trachea was studied. Repeated contractions were induced by alternating direct vagal nerve stimulation (DNS) and electrical field stimulation (EFS). With intact mucosa there was a marked successive decrease of the contractile responses. During 60 minutes the responses decreased to 46 +/- 8% of baseline (Mean +/- SEM, n = 6), compared to 86 +/- 2% in preparations, in which the mucosa was initially removed. The mucosa dependent inhibition could be partly blocked by indomethacin (10 microM). The inhibitory effect could be transferred via the bath fluid from a donor preparation with intact mucosa to a recipient preparation with removed mucosa. Fluid transferred from a donor preparation with removed mucosa or from indomethacin treated preparations did not affect the contractile responses in the recipient preparation. We conclude that ferret tracheal mucosa can release a factor which inhibits the contractile responses to cholinergic nerve stimulation. The release of this factor can be blocked to a major part by indomethacin and the factor can be transferred from a donor to a recipient preparation. PMID- 3147198 TI - A conservation device for oxygen therapy in COPD. AB - Patients with hypoxaemia secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are frequently prescribed oxygen therapy for short- and long-term domiciliary use. Oxygen administered via nasal cannulae incorporating a small collapsible reservoir ("Oxymizer", Chad Therapeutics Inc., CA, USA) improves transcutaneous oxygen tensions in the short-term when compared to standard nasal cannulae. The effects of this device on arterial oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2) tensions was assessed over 60 min in twelve patients with severe hypoxaemia (6.2 +/- 0.9 kPa, mean +/- SD) and hypercapnia (7.5 +/- 1.2 kPa). Following baseline measurements, oxygen was administered using standard nasal cannulae, and further measurements were made at 15 min intervals for at least 45 min. Patients were then changed to the "Oxymizer" and measurements continued at 15 min intervals for a further 60 min. Mean PaO2 increased by 1.1 +/- 0.78 kPa (p less than 0.001), using the "Oxymizer", but PaO2 was significantly greater after 15 min on the device than after 60 min (p less than 0.05). There was no change in PaCO2 (p greater than 0.05). The "Oxymizer" increases PaO2 compared with standard cannulae, but the effect may not be sustained. PMID- 3147199 TI - The antibacterial activity of a new 3-azinomethyl-rifamycin. AB - The new 3-azinomethyl-rifamycin, SPA-S-565, was shown to exert an effective antibacterial activity in vitro comparable to that of rifampicin. In fact, the antibacterial activity of SPA-S-565 against numerous Gram-positive cocci belonging to Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species as well as against 20 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was similar to that of rifampicin. In Swiss albino mice intraperitoneally infected with Staphylococcus aureus Oxford strain or Streptococcus pyogenes, the protective activity of SPA-S-565 and rifampicin was quite remarkable, and no significant difference was noted between the two antibiotics. In M. tuberculosis-infected mice treated with the antibacterial agents every seven days, the protection exerted by SPA-S-565 was significantly greater than that exerted by rifampicin. PMID- 3147200 TI - Prosthetic graft thrombosis associated with lupus anticoagulant. PMID- 3147201 TI - The CH3 domain of pig immunoglobulin G. A study of structural heterogeneity and enzymic fragmentation. AB - The CH3 domain of pig immunoglobulin G has been isolated as the pFc' fragment by peptic hydrolysis at pH 4.5. By ion-exchange chromatography in a dissociating medium pH 3.0 the heterogeneous pFc' fragment could be resolved into three variants differing in electric charge. The variants were very similar in amino acid composition but differed mainly in the histidine content. The peptides obtained from the pFc' fragment by tryptic hydrolysis were separated by ion exchange chromatography and characterized by amino acid composition. It appeared that the CH3 domain is split by tryptic hydrolysis to four large peptides of 20 30 amino acid residues in length and to a number of small peptides. The large peptides represent segments of the polypeptide chain suitable for study of the location of the binding site for the Fc receptor. PMID- 3147202 TI - Comparative analysis of oncogene expression and chromosome abnormalities between metastatic and nonmetastatic B16 melanoma clones. AB - We have established nonmetastatic mouse B16 melanoma clone, C1-2, and metastatic variant, C4-1, by subcloning the 30th passage of nonmetastatic W1-4 cells. We have investigated oncogene expression and chromosomal abnormalities to see whether there is some correlation with tumor progression and phenotypic diversification in melanoma cells. Not only metastatic C4-1 but also nonmetastatic C1-2 showed similarly high expression of c-Ha-ras and c-myc oncogenes by Northern blotting method. The chromosome numbers of both clones were distributed mainly within the range of 48-52. C1-2 had about 20 biarmed chromosomes and C4-1 had 13 or 14, which made real ploidy of C1-2 and C4-1, hypotetraploidy and triploidy, respectively. 21 marker chromosomes were commonly observed, while 9 marker chromosomes peculiar to C1-2 and 4 peculiar to C4-1 were constantly recognized. In partial accordance with a previous report, chromosomes 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 18, 19, and X were additionally observed in nonmetastatic C1 2 cells, compared with metastatic C4-1 cells. Furthermore, in our study, the increase of chromosomes 1, 15, and 16 was found to be greater in metastatic C4-1. PMID- 3147203 TI - Pristinamycin as alternative therapy of generalized pustular psoriasis during pregnancy. PMID- 3147204 TI - The use of warfarin in pregnancy complicated by circulating lupus anticoagulant; a technique for monitoring. AB - A case is described in which a pregnancy, preceded by two mid-trimester fetal losses, was complicated by deep-vein thrombosis due to the presence of circulating lupus anticoagulant. Warfarin was used as anticoagulant therapy concurrently with high-dose prednisolone. It is suggested that warfarin may have advantages over heparin in managing pregnancies in women with circulating lupus anticoagulant. A technique is described which allowed the monitoring of levels of lupus anticoagulant in the circulation while warfarin is being administered.h3. PMID- 3147205 TI - Respective role of lymphokines and monokines in macrophage activation. AB - When trying to manipulate the immune system in vivo by administration of immunoregulatory mediators, it is important to know which are the target cells of the injected mediator and what direct and indirect effects are likely to be obtained. It appears that some T cell lymphokines, such as interferon gamma (IFN gamma), are able to induce a new state of differentiation in human monocytes, without necessarily triggering an ongoing function in such cells. In doing so, however, IFN-gamma primes macrophages for increased potential functions, such as monokine secretion. Monokines, in turn, participate directly in macrophage activation in an autocrine manner. Such cascades of events are important to analyse in order to optimize the rationale behind the administration of lymphokines and monokines in patients. PMID- 3147206 TI - [Mercury concentration and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients from mines of the State of Bolivar]. PMID- 3147207 TI - [Vascular malformations of the gastrointestinal tract in children]. PMID- 3147208 TI - [Epidemic human fascioliasis, Cuba 1983. II. Epidemiologic study]. PMID- 3147210 TI - [Nutrition and nervous system development]. PMID- 3147209 TI - [Epidemic human fascioliasis, Cuba 1983. III. Trematode indices]. PMID- 3147211 TI - The effect of sequence homozygosity on the frequency of X-chromosomal exchange in Drosophila melanogaster females. AB - The repair of mismatched heteroduplex DNA has been implicated in the normal resolution of meiotic exchange events. Although sequence microheterogeneity over defined intervals of homologous chromosomes has been correlated with local effects on recombination, this correlation has not previously been extended to effects on chromosomal levels of exchange. In order to determine the role of microheterogeneity in normal exchange between homologs, a system was devised for monitoring exchange between isogenic X chromosomes. Lack of microheterogeneity did not significantly alter the frequency of exchange along the isogenic X chromosomes relative to controls or to previously reported values. There were, however, characteristic levels of exchange intrinsic to the cloned X chromosomes in each of the lines tested. PMID- 3147212 TI - The alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster: fitness measurements and predictions under conditions with no alcohol stress. AB - The relative fitnesses of the different Adh genotypes under normal laboratory conditions and in the absence of alcohol stress were estimated in Drosophila melanogaster according to Prout's method. The larval component (viability) did not reveal fitness differences between the genotypes but for the adult component significant differences were observed. The female adult component (fecundity) showed an overdominant pattern: both homozygous genotypes showed a relative fitness significantly lower than the heterozygous genotype. For the male adult component (virility) also differences were observed. The homozygous SS genotype showed a lower relative fitness than the other two genotypes. Predictions for gene frequency changes based on the estimated fitness values do show a reasonably good correspondence with frequency changes actually observed in a number of experimental cage populations and indicate a globally stable equilibrium around a frequency of the F allele of 0.40-0.70. The relevance of these fitness estimates, obtained under conditions with no alcohol stress, for the explanation of the Adh polymorphisms observed in nature is discussed. PMID- 3147214 TI - The coalescent process in models with selection and recombination. AB - The statistical properties of the process describing the genealogical history of a random sample of genes at a selectively neutral locus which is linked to a locus at which natural selection operates are investigated. It is found that the equations describing this process are simple modifications of the equations describing the process assuming that the two loci are completely linked. Thus, the statistical properties of the genealogical process for a random sample at a neutral locus linked to a locus with selection follow from the results obtained for the selected locus. Sequence data from the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) region of Drosophila melanogaster are examined and compared to predictions based on the theory. It is found that the spatial distribution of nucleotide differences between Fast and Slow alleles of Adh is very similar to the spatial distribution predicted if balancing selection operates to maintain the allozyme variation at the Adh locus. The spatial distribution of nucleotide differences between different Slow alleles of Adh do not match the predictions of this simple model very well. PMID- 3147213 TI - A genetic analysis of the alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase locus in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The gene for alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase, the nuclear encoded mitochondrial enzyme of the alpha-glycerophosphate cycle (alpha GP); has been mapped in Drosophila melanogaster. Several interstitial deficiencies in region 50c-53AB of chromosome 2R were used to localize the structural gene to 52D2-5. In addition, mutations of alpha GPO were generated; alpha GPO mutants are viable yet flightless. Interactions of alpha GPO with alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha GPDH), the cytoplasmic enzyme of the alpha GP cycle, were investigated through the synthesis of a series of alpha GPDHnull-alpha GPOnull double mutants. Of the six double null mutants constructed, four alpha GPDH-alpha GPO double nulls are viable and flightless. Two double mutants, however, exhibit an allelic dependent synthetic lethal phenotype. PMID- 3147215 TI - Linkage disequilibrium in natural and experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - We have studied linkage disequilibrium in Drosophila melanogaster in two samples from a wild population and in four large laboratory populations derived from the wild samples. We have assayed four polymorphic enzyme loci, fairly closely linked in the third chromosome: Sod Est-6, Pgm, and Odh. The assay method used allows us to identify the allele associations separately in each of the two homologous chromosomes from each male sampled. We have detected significant linkage disequilibrium between two loci in 16.7% of the cases in the wild samples and in 27.8% of the cases in the experimental populations, considerably more than would be expected by chance alone. We have also found three-locus disequilibria in more instances than would be expected by chance. Some disequilibria present in the wild samples disappear in the experimental populations derived from them, but new ones appear over the generations. The effective population sizes required to generate the observed disequilibria by randomness range from 40 to more than 60,000 individuals in the natural population, depending on which locus pair is considered, and from 100 to more than 60,000 in the experimental populations. These population sizes are unrealistic; the fact that different locus-pairs yield disparate estimates within the same population argues against the likelihood that the disequilibria may have arisen as a consequence of population bottlenecks. Migration, or population mixing, cannot be excluded as the process generating the disequilibria in the wild samples, but can in the experimental populations. We conclude that linkage disequilibrium in these populations is most likely due to natural selection acting on the allozymes, or on loci very tightly linked to them. PMID- 3147216 TI - Rex-induced recombination implies bipolar organization of the ribosomal RNA genes of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Rex-induced mitotic recombination was used to determine whether nucleolus organizers can pair in both inverted and noninverted orientations. Two target chromosomes, each duplicated for the rDNA region, were exposed to maternal Rex activity. Recombination in one orientation should yield deletion of the material between the two nucleolus organizers, recombination in the other orientation should yield inversion of the same material. Both products were recovered from both target chromosomes. The generality of using Rex-mediated recombination for analysis of the rDNA is considered. PMID- 3147217 TI - Requirements for hedgehog, a segmental polarity gene, in patterning larval and adult cuticle of Drosophila. AB - Mutations of the hedgehog gene are generally embryonic lethal, resulting in a lawn of denticles on the ventral surface. In strong alleles, no segmentation is obvious and the anteroposterior polarity of ventral denticles is lost. Temperature shift analysis of a temperature-sensitive allele indicates an embryonic activity period for hedgehog between 2.5 and 6 hr of embryonic development (at 25 degrees) and a larval/pupal period from 4 to 7 days of development (at 25 degrees). Mosaic analysis of hedgehog mutations in the adult cuticle indicates a series of defined defects associated with the failure of appropriate hedgehog expression. In particular, defects in the distal portions of the legs and antenna occur in association with homozygous hedgehog clones in the posterior compartment of those structures. Because the defects are associated with homozygous clones, but are not co-extensive, a type of "domineering" nonautonomy is proposed for the activity of the hedgehog gene. PMID- 3147218 TI - A linkage map of mouse chromosome 12: localization of Igh and effects of sex and interference on recombination. AB - Inheritance of restriction fragment length polymorphisms associated with four anonymous DNA markers (D12Nyu1, 2, 3 and 4), the Fos proto-oncogene, the Mtv-9 viral integration site, and the alpha 1-antitrypsin (Aat-1) and immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) gene families in the mouse has been followed in a backcross experiment. A Bayesian multilocus map-building strategy yielded the map: centromere-D12Nyu2-10 cM-D12Nyu1-2 cM-D12Nyu3-15 cM-Fos-1 cM-D12Nyu4-2 cM-Mtv-9-8 cM-Aat-1-17 cM-Igh-C. A map constructed from male meiotic data was substantially shorter than one constructed from female meiotic data. Significant interference was observed for the linkage group. Two groups of markers studied in recombinant inbred strains of mice could be interpolated into the map: Es-25, D12Nyu10, D12Nyu7 and Apob form a cluster proximal to D12Nyu2, and Ly-18, Ah, and D12Nyu5 form a cluster between D12Nyu2 and D12Nyu1. These data establish an unambiguously ordered linkage group including Igh and Aat-1 that spans most of chromosome 12. PMID- 3147219 TI - A cladistic analysis of phenotype associations with haplotypes inferred from restriction endonuclease mapping. II. The analysis of natural populations. AB - Genes that code for products involved in the physiology of a phenotype are logical candidates for explaining interindividual variation in that phenotype. We present a methodology for discovering associations between genetic variation at such candidate loci (assayed through restriction endonuclease mapping) with phenotypic variation at the population level. We confine our analyses to DNA regions in which recombination is very rare. In this case, the genetic variation at the candidate locus can be organized into a cladogram that represents the evolutionary relationships between the observed haplotypes. Any mutation causing a significant phenotypic effect should be imbedded within the same historical structure defined by the cladogram. We showed, in the first paper of this series, how to use the cladogram to define a nested analysis of variance (NANOVA) that was very efficient at detecting and localizing phenotypically important mutations. However, the NANOVA of haplotype effects could only be applied to populations of homozygous genotypes. In this paper, we apply the quantitative genetic concept of average excess to evaluate the phenotypic effect of a haplotype or group of haplotypes stratified and contrasted according to the nested design defined by the cladogram. We also show how a permutational procedure can be used to make statistical inferences about the nested average excess values in populations containing heterozygous as well as homozygous genotypes. We provide two worked examples that investigate associations between genetic variation at or near the Alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) locus and Adh activity in Drosophila melanogaster, and associations between genetic variation at or near some apolipoprotein loci and various lipid phenotypes in a human population. PMID- 3147220 TI - Mechanisms of mutagenesis by a bulky DNA lesion at the guanine N7 position. AB - In order to examine the mechanisms of mutagenesis by a bulky DNA lesion at the guanine N7 position, the replicative form DNA of phage M13AB28 (mp8 without the amber codons in phage genes) was modified in vitro with aflatoxin B1-2,3 dichloride and transfected into appropriate Escherichia coli cells. Forward mutations in the lacZ alpha-complementing gene segment were identified as light blue or colorless plaques on appropriate indicator plates, isolated, and defined by DNA sequencing. Transfection of modified DNA into uvrA-/mucAB+ cells without prior UV (SOS) induction increased mutation frequency eight-fold over untreated DNA, whereas this increase was 12-fold upon SOS induction. Transfection of modified DNA after conversion of the primary guanine-aflatoxin lesions to the stable imidazole ring-opened formamidopyrimidine-aflatoxin suggested that these lesions were nearly equally mutagenic. A majority of point mutations under all conditions affected G:C bp. Base substitutions were in the majority, but significant frameshift mutagenesis was also detected in SOS-induced cells. Both G to-T transversions and G-to-A transitions were produced at equal efficiency and together accounted for virtually all of the base substitutions induced by the primary lesions. Point mutations occurred predominantly at predicted damage hotspots. The characteristics of base substitution and frameshift mutations, together with available information point to multiple mechanisms of mutagenesis by this class of mutagens. The data indicate that primary lesions have the properties of both a noninstructional and pseudo-instructional lesion. In addition, the sequence context appears to play a role in determining whether a frameshift or a base substitution is induced by this bulky lesion. PMID- 3147221 TI - Identification and characterization of mutations affecting sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Mutations affecting the synthesis of the sporulation amyloglucosidase were isolated in a homothallic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SCMS7-1. Two were found, both of which were deficient in sporulation at 34 degrees. One, SL484, sporulated to 50% normal levels at 30 degrees but less than 5% at 34 degrees or 22 degrees. The other, SL641, failed to sporulate at any temperature. Both mutants were blocked before premeiotic DNA synthesis, and both complemented spo1, spo3, and spo7. Genetic analysis of the mutation in SL484 indicated linkage to TRP5 and placed the gene 10 map units from TRP5 on chromosome VII. A plasmid containing an insert which complements the mutation in SL484 fails to complement SL641. We therefore conclude that these two mutations are in separate genes and we propose to call these genes SPO17 and SPO18. These two genes are (with SPO7, SPO8, and SPO9) among the earliest identified in the sporulation pathway and may interact directly with the positive and negative regulators RME and IME. PMID- 3147223 TI - Construction of a new shuttle expression vector for Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli by using a polycistronic system. AB - A shuttle vector has been constructed by fusing the Bacillus subtilis trimethoprim-resistance-carrying (TpR) plasmid pNC601 with the Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322. The resultant plasmid pNBL1 can replicate in both B. subtilis and E. coli, conferring Tp resistance on both cells and ampicillin resistance (ApR) on E. coli. The B. subtilis dihydrofolate reductase operon (dfr) on pNC601 and therefore on pNBL1 consists of the thymidylate synthase B gene (thyB) and the TpR dihydrofolate reductase gene lacking the C-terminal seven codons (designated as drfA' as compared with the complete dfrA gene). A direct-expression vector pNBL3 has been constructed by inserting synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing a Bacillus ribosome-binding site (RBS) and the ATG codon downstream from dfrA' on pNBL1. When the E. coli lacZ gene was placed downstream from the dfrA' gene in pNBL3, efficient synthesis of beta-galactosidase was observed in both cells, showing that the polycistronic expression system is suitable for directing expression of heterologous genes. Translational efficiency of the lacZ gene on pNBL3 was further examined in B. subtilis by changing the sequence upstream from lacZ. Unlike the results previously reported [Sprengel et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 13 (1985) 893-909], when RBS was present, the high level of lacZ expression was preserved irrespective of spacing between the stop codon of the upstream dfrA' gene and the start codon of the downstream lacZ gene. However, in the absence of RBS, the spacing between both genes affected lacZ expression. That is, translational coupling of dfrA'-lacZ was observed, although the translational efficiency was very low. PMID- 3147224 TI - A non-methylated CpG-rich island associated with the human muscle-specific carbonic anhydrase III gene. AB - A cluster of CpG dinucleotides immediately upstream from exon 1 in the muscle specific carbonic anhydrase III gene (CAIII) resembles the 'HpaII tiny fragment' (HTF) islands characteristic of mammalian 'housekeeping' genes. Since this CAIII gene shows tissue-specific expression we have carried out a detailed examination of methylation status within the CpG cluster using a polyacrylamide gel/electroblot procedure to extend the range of conventional Southern blotting. None of the clustered CpGs are methylated in DNA from muscle or other somatic tissues or in DNA from spermatozoa although flanking CpGs are methylated. Comparison with a candidate HTF island from the more ubiquitously expressed carbonic anhydrase II gene (CAII) shows that the CAII CpG cluster is markedly more CpG-rich than that from the strictly tissue-specific CAIII gene. PMID- 3147222 TI - Non-sedating antihistamines. AB - Antihistamines are effective therapy against histamine-mediated conditions, including seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria. They may also have a therapeutic role to play in asthma. Until recently all antihistamines produced some degree of drowsiness, as well as having anticholinergic side effects. Several non-sedating antihistamines have now been developed. Evidence suggests that their freedom from central nervous system effects is due to their lack of penetration of the blood-brain barrier. They also have no appreciable binding to cholinergic receptors. Two of these non-sedating antihistamines, terfenadine and astemizole, have novel binding characteristics with the histamine H1 receptor, exhibiting irreversible binding at higher concentrations. In humans astemizole has a remarkably long half-life of elimination, on the order of 12 to 18 days for metabolites. Clinical trials have demonstrated that these newer antihistamines are as effective as classical antihistamines and that they have no greater incidence of central nervous system or anticholinergic side effects than placebo. PMID- 3147225 TI - [Evaluation of the effect of biologically purified waste water on the survival of microflora]. PMID- 3147226 TI - [Study of bacterial contamination of peloid in the process of its use and in its formation site]. PMID- 3147227 TI - Developing swing-bed programs in rural Arizona hospitals. PMID- 3147229 TI - Arthroscopic treatment of sports-related anterior osteophytes in the ankle. AB - Osteophytes on the anterior aspect of the tibia and anterior talus are common in athletes such as dancers, runners, and high jumpers who impact with quick and forceful dorsiflexion to this area. This pathology is often confirmed easily on lateral x-ray films. Excision, debridement, and/or abrasion arthroplasty can be performed arthroscopically to remove osteophytic bone. The joint space is easily approached and managed using small joint or even regular-sized arthroscopic instruments. Care is taken to reshape the anterior tibia and/or talus to its original contour, thus avoiding impingement of the joint space and scuffing of adjacent articular cartilage. Proper abrasion depths and punch lesions may be needed to expose bleeding capillary bone. This allows a regeneration of a fibrocartilage covering that not only decreases pain but also permits a return to functional and athletic activities. Postoperative treatment, including physical therapy, is described. Three case studies are presented that adequately demonstrate this problem, along with the corrective measures taken. Each case concludes with a brief summary of follow-up. PMID- 3147228 TI - [An analysis of the morbid condition in adjuvant arthritic rats and a new method for evaluating anti-rheumatic drugs]. AB - The progress of various symptoms in adjuvant arthritic rats (AA-rats) and the effects of anti-rheumatic drugs were continuously observed on the basis of the Weibull distribution function, and the following results were obtained: 1) The cumulative incidence rates F(t) of various symptoms and abnormalities of measured values gradually increased with the passage of time. The relationship between the F(t) and the days after adjuvant injection indicated a simple Weibull distribution function. On the other hand, the bone damages in the distal limb joints indicated a composite Weibull distribution function with two shape parameters (m1 and m2). It was possible to classify the animals into two groups, fast responders (m1) and slow responders (m2), according to the time of occurrence of bone damages. 2) By using the Weibull probability paper, it was possible to integrate and to evaluate in totality those cases with varying grades of symptoms and cases with different symptoms in the adjuvant-induced syndrome in rats. 3) Azathioprine (AZP) showed an inhibitory effect on the advents of pain and swelling and functional disorders, while indomethacin (IDM), prednisolone (PSL) and gold sodium thiomalate (GST) delayed the advents of these symptoms. As to bone damages in the distal limb joints, IDM, PSL and AZP showed an inhibitory effect in only the fast responder group, while GST showed both an inhibitory and delaying effect in both the fast responder group and the slow one. The above results suggest that the usage of the Weibull distribution function is useful not only for analysis of the morbid condition of AA-rats but also for the evaluation of anti-rheumatic drugs in AA-rats. PMID- 3147231 TI - International health spending and utilization trends. PMID- 3147230 TI - [Thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in patients with branch or central vein occlusion of the retina]. PMID- 3147232 TI - Are we containing costs or pushing on a balloon? PMID- 3147233 TI - Controlling Medicaid costs in hospitals. PMID- 3147234 TI - The economic impact of AIDS in the United States. PMID- 3147235 TI - How the U.S. spent its health care dollar: 1929-1980. PMID- 3147236 TI - Diagnosis and subtyping of depressive disorders by quantitative electroencephalography: III. Discriminating unipolar from bipolar depression. AB - One hundred fifty-two inpatient major depressives fulfilled the Research Diagnostic Criteria for unipolar (N = 111) or bipolar (N = 41) affective disorder. After at least seven days drug-free, all patients had a thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation test (TRHST), a dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG). Multivariate analysis of variance was used to compare post-dexamethasone cortisol, delta TSH, six regional QEEG measures of interhemispheric symmetry and six focal measures of QEEG frequency. Age, sex and diagnosis were included in the analysis. Unipolar depressives were discriminated from bipolar depressives by age, delta TSH and QEEG fast wave abnormalities in the alpha and beta frequency bands. Unipolar depressives were significantly older, had lower mean delta TSH, showed excessive alpha activity and deficient beta activity. Bipolar depressives were younger, had higher mean delta TSH, showed a deficit of alpha activity and excessive beta activity. Unipolar might be discriminable from bipolar major depression by the use of two objective procedures--TRHST and QEEG. The two disorders appear to be biochemical and electrophysiological opposites. Treatment implications are discussed. PMID- 3147237 TI - Diagnosis and subtyping of depressive disorders by quantitative electroencephalography: IV. Discriminating subtypes of unipolar depression. AB - Of 216 symptomatic adult depressives who underwent comprehensive inpatient biomedical assessment of their illness, 111 met Research Diagnostic Criteria for primary unipolar depressive disorder. Seventy of these patients were segregated into two groups having different frequency analysis profiles as determined by quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG). The following variables were assessed and tabulated for each of the seventy patients: age and sex; presence of endogenous, nonendogenous or atypical symptoms, cognitive impairment, anxiety, obsessive-ruminative thinking, panic and/or phobic symptoms; abnormalities of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and the thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation test (TRHST). Frequency of occurrence of each variable was compared between groups. Two variables were significant--age and TRHST abnormalities. The patients in group 1, characterized electrophysiologically by beta deficit with or without slow wave excess, were older and had more TRHST abnormalities than the patients in group 2, who were characterized electrophysiologically by having slow wave excess only. The implications of these preliminary findings for objective diagnostic subtyping of depression are discussed. PMID- 3147239 TI - Cellular changes in the spleens of mice infected with Sarcocystis muris. AB - Cellular changes in the spleens of mice infected with Sarcocystis muris have been studied. Immunofluorescent staining for B and T cells and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) staining for macrophages combined with histological studies revealed marked changes in the populations and distributions of all three cell types. Infection was accompanied by a marked splenomegaly, attributable mainly to widespread hyperplasia of the white pulp. Following infection there was an increase in the relative proportions of B cells (i.e. surface immunoglobulin+) and ANAE+ cells and a decrease in the proportion of T cells (i.e. Thy 1.2+). There was also a progressive accumulation of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the periarteriolar lymphocytic sheaths. Splenomegaly was most pronounced 20 days after infection. At this time there were 9.3 times as many B cells, 3.7 times as many T cells and 16.6 times as many ANAE+ cells as in uninfected mice. PMID- 3147238 TI - Trichomonal vaginitis refractory to treatment: case report. AB - A woman initially aged 25 was treated for seven years for symptomatic vaginal trichomoniasis. Throughout that period the patient received 5-nitroimidazoles at conventional and high dosages, antimicrobial agents to eliminate vaginal organisms capable of interfering with treatment, acidifying preparations, and vaccination with inactivated Lactobacillus acidophilus. Despite all the regimens used, the condition remained refractory to treatment. PMID- 3147241 TI - Effect of lithium carbonate on central thermoregulation in rabbits. PMID- 3147240 TI - Lymphopenic effects on mice of a component of ammonia caramel, 2-acetyl-4(5) tetrahydroxybutylimidazole (THI). AB - A derivative of ammonia caramel colour (AC) is known to induce a selective lymphopenia in rats. Accordingly, the haematological effects were studied in mice of oral administration in drinking water of 2-acetyl-4(5) tetrahydroxybutylimidazole (THI), the component of AC responsible for lymphopenia. Initially five groups of BALB/c mice (five mice per group) were given doses of THI ranging from 0 to 200 parts/10(6) and bled weekly. Doses of THI from 5 to 100 parts/10(6) had no effect on circulating leucocytes over 6 weeks, but lymphopenia occurred with 200 parts/10(6). An increase in the concentration of THI to 400 parts/10(6) in the group on the lowest dose resulted in lymphopenia. An increase in dosage in two groups of mice, to 1000 and 2000 parts/10(6), resulted in marked lymphopenia. The number of neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes remained unchanged throughout the experiment. Measurement of the proportions of CD4(L3T4)+ and CD8(Ly2)+ lymphocytes in lymph nodes from mice on high doses of THI did not show a selective depression of either subset, although both were increased relative to non-T cells. THI causes a selective lymphopenia in mice, as in rats, but at relatively higher doses, and merits investigation in mice as an experimental treatment for states of lymphocyte excess or overactivity. PMID- 3147242 TI - Percutaneous intrauterine fetal transfusion with real time ultrasound guidance. PMID- 3147243 TI - Myocardial infarction, persistent coronary artery thrombosis and lupus anticoagulant. AB - A 40-year-old man who presented with exertional angina had had two myocardial infarctions within the same myocardial distribution several years earlier. Coronary arteriography revealed a large intramural thrombus in the right coronary artery and minimal atherosclerotic disease. Special coagulation studies detected a circulating lupus anticoagulant. The association of repeated episodes of thrombosis and lupus anticoagulant is important. In patients with repeated thrombotic events, the lupus anticoagulant should be sought, particularly in those less than 40 years of age. PMID- 3147244 TI - Anthropometric measures in relation to Schistosomiasis mansoni and socioeconomic variables. AB - A cross-sectional study of anthropometric measures and their association with socioeconomic variables, infection by Schistosoma mansoni, intensity of infection and splenomegaly was carried out in an endemic area for schistosomiasis in Brazil (Comercinho), using multiple logistic regression methods. Eighty-seven per cent of all 1.5-14.4 year-old children in the area participated in the study. Children below the 5th percentile (USA Ten State Survey) for height-for-age, weight-for age and arm muscle area-for-age were compared to those greater than the 5th percentile. There was no association between low anthropometric measures and schistosomiasis or socioeconomic variables in children under five years of age. For the 4.4-14.4 year-old children, poor condition of the heads of family and poorer housing were independently associated with low height and arm muscle area. Heavy excretion of S. mansoni eggs (greater than or equal to 500 epg) was related to low height, and splenomegaly was the variable which showed the strongest association with low height, weight and arm muscle area (odds ratios adjusted for socioeconomic variables were 6.4, 3.5 and 3.7 respectively). This indicates that there is a biological component for low anthropometric measures in the severe form of schistosomiasis and this reinforces the need for public health measures to prevent the development of splenomegalies in endemic areas. PMID- 3147245 TI - [Evaluation of the consumption of rifampicin as an indicator of the epidemiological situation concerning tuberculosis in the autonomous community of Murcia]. PMID- 3147246 TI - [Detection of cases exclusively by means of the death certificate in the Cancer Registry of Tarragona]. PMID- 3147247 TI - [Difficulties in the use of the ICHPPC-2 (the WONCA classification) for the retrospective encoding of the types of temporary work disability (ILT)]. PMID- 3147248 TI - [Salmonella in the seawater of the beaches of the city of Barcelona]. PMID- 3147249 TI - [Funding and reform of primary care in Spain]. PMID- 3147250 TI - [In favor of the integration of continuing vaccination in the Primary Health Centers]. PMID- 3147251 TI - [A new conceptual framework in the treatment of drug addiction]. PMID- 3147252 TI - [Tuberculosis and its epidemiological indicators]. PMID- 3147253 TI - [Evaluation performed by doctors, administrators and users of the different components of the quality of health care]. PMID- 3147254 TI - [Respiratory morbidity in the industrial region of Tarragona]. PMID- 3147255 TI - [Vaccination coverage in a school population of Guipuzcoa: DTP, polio and measles]. PMID- 3147256 TI - [Epidemiology and planning for health care for the aged]. PMID- 3147257 TI - [Descriptive analysis of the reports presented at the Second Congress for Public Health and Health Administration]. PMID- 3147258 TI - [Are we using the terms exactitude, validity, precision, reproducibility and accuracy correctly? A proposal for discussion]. PMID- 3147259 TI - [Health inequalities in Barcelona]. PMID- 3147260 TI - [Gaceta Sanitaria 1986-1988. The balance of a new epoch]. PMID- 3147261 TI - [Human resources for the year 2000: reflections on the health system and the update of the studies of medicine]. PMID- 3147263 TI - [Preference in the choice of medical specialties in 1982-1987]. PMID- 3147262 TI - [The referral of patients from primary to specialized care]. PMID- 3147265 TI - [Review of hospital mortality in a local hospital]. PMID- 3147264 TI - [Socio-family and age features in the diagnosis of mental retardation in the province of Jaen]. PMID- 3147266 TI - [The origins of public health nursing]. PMID- 3147268 TI - Effects of an in vivo D-penicillamine treatment on glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis by synovial fibroblasts from arthritic-rendered rabbits. AB - Arthritic-rendered rabbits were treated in vivo with 50 mg/kg D-penicillamine (D Pen) daily during 4 months. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis by synovial fibroblast cultures from D-Pen treated and untreated normal or arthritic animals was studied. Cells from arthritic-rendered animals synthesized hyaluronic acid (HA) at the same rate as cells isolated from control rabbits. When D-Pen was administered to arthritic-rendered rabbits, it significantly inhibited GAG production by fibroblasts. The hyaluronate synthetase activity determined on synovial fibroblast homogenates, however, was not modified whatever the treatment undergone by the rabbits. Moreover, synovial fibroblasts from arthritic rabbits treated or not with D-Pen generally synthesized HA with a high molecular weight similar to that produced by D-Pen treated or untreated control animals. PMID- 3147269 TI - Management of severe rhesus disease by intravascular fetal transfusion: a report of 2 cases. PMID- 3147267 TI - [Topical use of chloramphenicol in ophthalmology]. PMID- 3147270 TI - The use of ELISA for the measurement of autoantibodies to nuclear antigens: comparison with other methodologies. PMID- 3147271 TI - Limitations of the quantitative cytochemical assay of catechol oxidase in melanoma cells. AB - The cytochemical quantification of catechol oxidase activity in fixed B16 melanoma cells was investigated using dopa as the substrate. Inhibitors showed that peroxidases do not significantly interfere. The kinetics of melanin formation were studied initially in solution with purified catechol oxidase. Two key parameters were identified: lag-time and the rate of melanin formation. The lag-time was taken as the time required by intermediates to reach a critical concentration at which the polymerization process starts and melanin production becomes measurable (at 640 nm). In solution, the lag-time decreases as the enzyme activity increases, particularly when the activity is very low. The rate at which melanin is formed by pure enzyme in solution is independent of dopa concentration when its activity is low but increases linearly with dopa concentration when the activity is comparatively high. In fixed melanoma cells, the lag-time decreases linearly with increases of dopa concentrations up to 20 mM; at concentrations higher than this, the lag decreases more slowly. In contrast, the rate of melanin production is unaffected by changes in dopa concentration. The lag-times of different cells lines incubated at the same substrate concentration decrease as the enzyme activity of the cells increases. The rate of melanin production seems to be affected by factors other than catechol oxidase activity, such as the intracellular organization and distribution of the enzyme. PMID- 3147273 TI - Mega base map of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor gene flanking regions and structure of the amplification units in EGF receptor-hyperproducing squamous carcinoma cells. AB - We have established a mega base scale physical map of the 5'- and 3'-flanking regions of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor gene using CpG-recognition rare-cutting restriction enzymes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. In this map, a methylation-free CpG island (HTF island) is located within an 8-kilobase pair (kb) EcoRI fragment which includes exon 1 of the EGF receptor gene. From this HTF island, a 390-kb NotI fragment was identified as the longest 5'-flanking region and a 540-kb MluI fragment as the longest 3'-flanking region. Utilizing this map information, we have analyzed the structure of the flanking regions of amplified EGF receptor genes which are found in various squamous carcinoma cells. Among seven cell lines tested, four cell lines carrying EGF receptor genes in amounts more than 20 times that of normal cells showed amplification together with large 5'- and 3'-flanking regions. The amplified 5'-flanking regions were rearranged in different forms but were distinct in each cell line. The amplified 3'-flanking regions were at least 540 kb in size and common to all the cell lines, except that A431 had rearrangement points within 540 kb downstream of the HTF island. Thus, the size of amplification units appears to be large and different in each cell line. PMID- 3147272 TI - Metabolic activation of pyrolysate arylamines by human liver microsomes; possible involvement of a P-488-H type cytochrome P-450. AB - Metabolic activating capacity of human livers for carcinogenic heterocyclic arylamines has been studied using a Salmonella mutagenesis test. A large individual variation was observed among 15 liver samples in the capacities of activation of Glu-P-1 (2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole), IQ (2 amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) and MeIQx (2-amino-3,8-dimethyl-3 H imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline). The average numbers of revertants induced by the three heterocyclic arylamines were nearly the same or rather higher in the presence of hepatic microsomes from human than those from rat. In high performance liquid chromatography, formation of N-hydroxy-Glu-P-1 was detected and accounted for more than 80% of the total mutagenicity observed in the human microsomal system with Glu-P-1, indicating that, similarly to experimental animals, N-hydroxylation is a major activating step for heterocyclic arylamines in human. Addition of flavone or 7,8-benzoflavone to human liver microsomes showed effective inhibition of the mutagenic activation of Glu-P-1, although the treatment rather enhanced microsomal benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylation in human livers. Mutagenic activation of Glu-P-1 by human liver microsomes was also decreased by the inclusion of anti-rat P-448-H IgG, and was well correlated with the content of immunoreactive P-448-H in livers, suggesting the involvement of a human cytochrome P-450, which shares immunochemical and catalytic properties with rat P-448-H, in the metabolic activation of heterocyclic arylamines in human livers. PMID- 3147274 TI - Establishment and characterization of a human cell strain, KT, with high sensitivity to UV-killing and to cell proliferation inhibition by interferon. AB - We have established a human cell line, designated KT, with high susceptibility to both cell proliferation inhibition by interferon and UV-killing, from a metastatic breast carcinoma. A tumor marker, a pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (Schwangerschaftsprotein 1; SP1), and carcinoma characteristics compatible with ductal carcinoma of the breast were seen in KT cells by electron microscopic observation. KT cells were slightly more resistant to X-ray-induced toxicity than fibroblastic cells, termed KS, from the scalp of the patient. But, KT cells had lower cloning efficiency after UV irradiation than did KS cells: D0 values of 1.5 J/m2 and 7.2 J/m2, respectively. KT cells also appeared more susceptible to human interferon (HuIFN) preparations (alpha, beta, gamma and natural or recombinant) than did KS cells, as measured by cell colony formation ability, proliferation rates, and [3H]deoxythymidine incorporation levels into acid-insoluble cell materials. The sensitivity of KT cells to UV and HuIFN was greater than that of human RSa cells, a cell line with high sensitivity to both agents. KT cells had more capacity for UV-induced DNA-repair replication synthesis than did RSa cells, the capacity being much the same as that of KS cells. There was no significant difference in levels of antiviral activity induced by HuIFN and binding capacity for 125I-labeled IFN-alpha A between KT and KS cells. KT cells appeared refractory to cell proliferation inhibition by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) preparations. PMID- 3147275 TI - Epidermal growth factor receptors in cancer tissues of esophagus, lung, pancreas, colorectum, breast and stomach. AB - The levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors were investigated in surgically resected tumors of various origins including esophagus (n = 33), lung (n = 14), pancreas (n = 9), colorectum (n = 10), breast (n = 23) and stomach (n = 8). The 125I-EGF binding capacities of squamous cell carcinomas of esophagus and lung were exceptionally higher than those of the other cancer tissues. Immunohistochemical staining with an anti-EGF receptor monoclonal antibody detected EGF receptors in the basal cells and parabasal cells of normal esophageal epithelium and in all the cancer cells of squamous cell carcinoma tissues of esophagus and lung. DNA replicating cells were examined by the bromodeoxyuridine staining method and it was found that the basal cells and parabasal cells of normal epithelium and peripheral cells of cancer pearls are proliferating. Contrary to this, a tumor antigen TA-4, known as a specific marker for squamous carcinoma, was detected in the differentiated cancer cells and in middle-layer squamous cells. These results strongly suggest that the increase in EGF receptor levels may be associated with the development of human squamous cell cancers of esophagus and lung. Thus, measurement of EGF receptor expression in tumor tissues has diagnostic value and should prove useful for the development of new therapies. PMID- 3147276 TI - Murine liver metastasis model using L5178Y-ML lymphoma and the effect of antitumor agents on the metastasis. AB - A reproducible tumor model for liver metastasis has been developed from murine L5178Y lymphoma line by sequential cycles of subcutaneous inoculation of liver tumor cells, that were originally generated in livers of female (BALB/c x DBA/2)F1 mice by injecting the parental cells into the tail vein. This variant (L5178Y-ML) metastasized predominantly to the liver after intravenous or subcutaneous injection. The livers of the animals killed 9 days after intravenous implantation of 5 x 10(5) tumor cells were about 3 times the weight of control livers. All tumor-bearing mice died 10 to 12 days after inoculation. Subcutaneous implantation of L5178Y-ML in the side flank of mice induced metastatic nodules spontaneously in the livers. The tumor cells proliferated more in livers than in the implanted sites, compared with the parental L5178Y cells. The effects of 5 fluorouracil, mitomycin C, cis-platinum and doxorubicin on the liver metastasis of L5178Y-ML were examined at subtoxic doses; 5-fluorouracil was the most effective in both inhibiting the tumor growth in livers and prolonging the survival period of mice. This model provides a useful tool for the experimental therapy of hepatic tumors in mice. PMID- 3147277 TI - Cytolytic heterogeneity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in killing of murine tumor cells. AB - Murine inflammatory polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and inflammatory ascitic fluid were found to contain cytotoxin. This cytotoxin was not oxygen metabolites, but a protein with a molecular weight of 70 kilodaltons as determined by high performance liquid chromatography. However, the cytolytic activity was completely neutralized by anti-murine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibody, suggesting that PMN cytotoxin is a TNF-like molecule or TNF itself. Cytolytic heterogeneity of PMN was also demonstrated: immature PMN obtained from ascitic fluid 6 hr after caseinate injection showed stronger cytotoxicity than mature PMN obtained 3 hr after the injection. However, mature PMN (3 hr) contained more cytotoxin than immature PMN (6 hr). This discrepancy may be due to differences in the abilities of these PMN to synthesize and release cytotoxin. These results indicate that not only macrophages, but also inflammatory PMN can produce a TNF-like cytotoxin and that cytolytic heterogeneity of PMN exists in tumor killing. PMID- 3147278 TI - Mode of action of estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17 beta-diol 3-benzoate 17-[4-(4-bis(2 chloroethyl)amino)phenyl)-1-oxobutoxy)acet ate) on human breast carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. AB - To elucidate the mode of action of busramustine (KM2210), 17 beta- and alpha busramustine, estradiol and chlorambucil were used for experimental chemo- and endocrino-therapy against hormone-dependent (T-61) and independent (MX-1) human breast carcinomas serially transplanted into BALB/cA female nude mice. Busramustine was administered po daily for 3 weeks at doses of 12.5-300 mg/kg for the beta-isomer and 25-300 mg/kg for the alpha-isomer. Five to 50 mg of estradiol per kg was administered im once, and 3 to 6 mg of chlorambucil per kg was administered po daily for 3 weeks. All of the compounds were effective against estrogen receptor-positive T-61 with a clear dose-response relationship, while estrogen receptor-negative MX-1 was sensitive to all of the agents except estradiol. Since the alpha-isomer of busramustine was effective against both tumor lines, the mode of action of 17 beta-busramustine may not be related to estrogenic action by estradiol released from the maternal compound. However, 17 beta-busramustine generated the estrogen receptor system of T-61 tumor and resulted in the endometrial hyperplasia of tumor-bearing nude mice, suggesting that this compound also has estrogenic action on transplanted human breast carcinoma and tumor-bearing host mice, besides non-estrogenic antitumor activity on human breast carcinoma xenografts. PMID- 3147279 TI - The induction of enhanced antitumor effect against a nonimmunogenic tumor by highly immunogenic variants obtained by mutagen treatment. AB - Nonimmunogenic 1767-3 fibrosarcoma was treated with the mutagen N-methyl-N'-nitro N-nitrosoguanidine, and stable variant cell clones (M-clones) were obtained that were able to elicit an immunological rejection response in syngenic C3H mice. Mice immunized with some M-clones were protected against a challenge from the original nonimmunogenic fibrosarcoma. Furthermore, when spleen cells of immunized syngenic mice were restimulated in vitro with M-clones, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were obtained that were able to lyse not only M-clones but also the original nonimmunogenic tumor. These in vivo and in vitro results demonstrate the immunogenicity of M-clones and the existence of a singular antigenic specificity between the original nonimmunogenic tumor and M-clones. For the purpose of application of this mutagen treatment to cancer therapy, we combined it with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) adoptive immunotherapy (AIT). With interleukin 2 and in vitro stimulation with highly immunogenic variant clones, we tried to induce transfer cells that had not only nonspecific LAK cells but also CTL with specific immunity against the original nonimmunogenic tumor. Successful results were obtained in the LAK AIT models. These findings indicate that an immunotherapy of human cancers that are thought to be weakly or nonimmunogenic may be possible by the application of this approach to LAK AIT. PMID- 3147280 TI - Sera from pigs infected with Sarcocystis suicanis and cachectin decrease preadipocyte differentiation in primary cell culture. AB - The macrophage-secreted hormone cachectin depressed lipoprotein lipase activity and lipogenic enzymes in adipose cells. Cachectin reduced differentiation of preadipocytes in cultures of stromal-vascular cells from rat adipose tissue. Differentiation was measured by two methods of estimating lipid accumulation. Adipocytes were separated from the stromal-vascular cells by centrifugation and staining (oil red 0) for intracellular lipid. Lipolytic activity was measured by using esterase histochemistry. Sera from pigs that were infected with Sarcocystis suicanis showed cachectin-like activity compared with sera collected from the same animals before infection. Cachectin and sera collected from infected animals specifically decreased fat cell number without decreasing the stromal-vascular cell number. PMID- 3147281 TI - Carcinoma of the urinary bladder associated with schistosomiasis in Egypt: the possible causal relationship. AB - Carcinoma of the urinary bladder is the most common malignancy in Egyptians. At the National Cancer Institute in Cairo, it accounts for 27.6% of all cancers- 38.5% of cancers in the male and 11.3% in the female. This very high frequency is attributed to underlying schistosomiasis. The infection can lead to malignancy through local tissue damage, mechanical irritation, bilharzial toxins or through secondary bacterial infection. Bacterial products include nitrate reductase capable of synthesizing nitrosoamines and beta glucuronidase enzymes, active at pH 7. Through liver involvement and dysfunction, tryptophan metabolism is disturbed, with the excretion of carcinogenic metabolites. Vitamin A deficiency is responsible for the squamous metaplasia and the high frequency of squamous cell carcinoma observed in the bladder. The characteristic clinico-pathological features of cancer of the urinary bladder are outlined, mainly the occurrence at a young age, the male predominance, especially farmers, and the high association with schistosomiasis. The tumors are often first seen in an advanced stage, arising from the posterior bladder wall and vault. The trigone is only affected in 8.5% of the cases. Histologically, squamous cell carcinomas of low grade are the most frequent cell type. Lymph node involvement is low in spite of the advanced stage of the tumor. Therefore, the results of radical surgery are encouraging. The results of a special study correlating the above parameters with the intensity of ova deposition are presented. Patients with heavy infection at a slightly earlier age but other tumor parameters the same are similar to those of egg-negative cases. This study indicates that other factors also play a role in the induction of tumors that are enhanced by the schistosomal infection. In Fayoum Province, schistosomiasis is decreasing while bladder cancer is increasing. Urine cytology as a screening tool is effective in detecting early bladder cancer. Studies are now in progress to detect tumor associated antigens in sera and urine of patients. PMID- 3147282 TI - Liver cancer in an endemic area of schistosomiasis japonica in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. AB - In Yamanashi Prefecture, schistosomiasis japonica has been endemic since the 16th century. Control of the disease has been very successful and no new case has been reported since 1977. Research has been conducted on the relationship between schistosomiasis and liver cancer, but no definite conclusion has been reached. We carried out several studies on this subject from the viewpoint of epidemiology. A descriptive study showed a higher mortality rate for liver cancer in the endemic area of schistosomiasis than in the country as a whole, but not much difference from the mortality rate in the non-endemic area. A case-control study showed a high odds-ratio for cases with a history of schistosomiasis; however, the value is almost the same as for cases which had hepatitis B (HB) antigen. This study suggested a multiplicative effect of HB antigen, history of schistosomiasis and history of alcohol intake. A retrospective cohort study showed a significantly high mortality rate for liver cancer in male inhabitants of the endemic area. These results confirm that schistosomiasis was closely related to liver cancer. However, the follow-up study of liver cirrhosis showed no difference in the survival curve and death rate from liver cancer between schistosoma positive cases and negative cases. A cross-sectional study of the prevalence of HB virus showed a higher rate in inhabitants with a history of schistosomiasis than those without such a history. Although the above two studies were carried out in small samples, it is considered now that schistosomiasis is one of the co-factors of liver cancer and indirectly associated with it. PMID- 3147283 TI - A cohort study on mortality of "yusho" patients: a preliminary report. AB - In 1968, a mass food poisoning (yusho) occurred in western Japan involving more than 1,850 people, the majority of whom were residents of Fukuoka and Nagasaki prefectures. The poisoning is now understood to have been caused by ingestion of a commercial brand of rice oil contaminated with polychlorinated derivatives of biphenyls, dibenzofurans, quaterphenyls, and some other related compounds. The number of deaths seen among 1,761 victims (887 males and 874 females) from the date of official registration as yusho up to the end of 1983 was compared with the expected number of deaths which was calculated on the basis of the national age, sex, and cause-specific death rates. Neither significantly increased nor significantly decreased mortality was seen among overall causes of death in males and females. A significant excess mortality was seen for malignant neoplasms at all sites in males but not in females. Neither significantly increased nor decreased mortality was seen for cancer of the esophagus, stomach, rectum and colon, pancreas, breast, and uterus. For cancer of the liver, however, a considerably increased mortality was seen in both males and females but the excess was statistically significant only in males. It was also notable that such increased mortality due to liver cancer was seen mainly among the patients living in Fukuoka prefecture but not at all among those in Nagasaki prefecture which approximate the yusho patients in Fukuoka prefecture in number. Deaths from chronic liver diseases and liver cirrhosis were also found to be increased in both sexes but the increase was not statistically significant. PMID- 3147284 TI - Determination of aflatoxins by capillary column gas chromatography. PMID- 3147285 TI - Isolation of recombinant mycobacterial antigens by an automatic and generally applicable purification method for beta-galactosidase fusion proteins. AB - An automated two-dimensional chromatographic method has been developed for the isolation and concentration of recombinant fusion proteins with beta galactosidase. The system consists of an immunoaffinity column with anti-beta galactosidase antibodies as ligand, followed by an anion-exchange column. It was used for the purification and concentration of recombinant fusion proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. leprae. Small amounts of crude lysates of Escherichia coli were loaded stepwise onto the immunoaffinity column with intermittent washing, elution and re-equilibration. After several cycles the eluate was passed through the anion-exchanger. Using an immunoaffinity gel of 5 ml volume and the anion-exchanger Mono Q HR 5/5, from 10 ml of crude E. coli lysate (containing up to 50 mg of protein) up to 100 micrograms of recombinant protein in a 2-ml volume could be isolated overnight. PMID- 3147286 TI - Analysis and purification of toxic peptides from cyanobacteria by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A simple, rapid and reliable chemical analysis method for microcystins (cyanoginosins) has been studied. Three different mobile phases for high performance liquid chromatography were selected and optimized. Also the adsorptive powers of three commercially available C18 cartridges were compared and the results successfully applied to the clean up of three of the toxins. Finally a total system for the analysis and isolation of microcystins was established. PMID- 3147289 TI - Biological indicators for verifying sterilization. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment. Council on Dental Therapeutics. PMID- 3147287 TI - Neurofibromatosis and psychological processes. AB - A minimal degree of mental handicap is commonly seen in neurofibromatosis (NF). Despite the prevalence, little is known about the nature of the mental handicap. In this study, schoolchildren with NF and unaffected siblings were studied clinically and given a series of psychological tests. The psychological battery consisted of standardized tests of intelligence and cognitive processing, laboratory tests of cognitive processing, and personality and mood questionnaires. Clinical data included a medical and family history, results of physical, audiological, and ophthalmological examinations, EEG, tissue biopsy when necessary, and (in NF individuals) a CT scan. Results demonstrate slightly deficient cognitive processing in the NF individuals, particularly in terms of visual-spatial integration. These deficits are related to age-independent severity with more severely affected individuals exhibiting more severe deficits. The findings are discussed in terms of their diagnostic and prescriptive implications. PMID- 3147290 TI - Dorsal medullary serotonin and gastric motility: enhancement of effects by thyrotropin-releasing hormone. AB - The effects of serotonin (5-HT) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on gastric motility patterns were investigated. Microinjection of serotonin (8 pmol in 4 nl) into the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus produced a small increase in motility and tone, an effect which declined with repeated injections. As demonstrated previously, TRH (1 nmol in 1 microliter) applied to the surface of the dorsal medulla evoked a large increase in gastric motility and tone. After gastric motility returned to baseline following the TRH injection, we found that subsequent 5-HT injections, which previously evoked small changes in motility and tone, now evoked large increases in these indices. TRH augmentation of 5-HT mediated effects on autonomic nuclei may be a significant feature in the alterations in gastric function that accompany the sleep-waking cycle and stress related gastric pathology. PMID- 3147288 TI - Serum amyloid A protein, apolipoprotein A-I, and apolipoprotein B during the course of acute myocardial infarction. AB - Serum amyloid A protein (SAA), apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), apolipoprotein B (apoB) concentrations, and creatine kinase (CK)-MB isoenzyme activity were serially measured in 10 patients during the course of acute myocardial infarction. Pronounced increases in SAA concentrations were observed in all patients during infarction. The highest SAA values were observed, on average, 67 hours after the onset of chest pain. After infarction both apoA-I and apoB concentrations decreased. The reduction in apoA-I concentration 67 to 72 hours after the onset of chest pain was (31%) (p less than 0.01) and the reduction in apoB concentration 55 to 60 hours after the onset of pain was (34%) (p less than 0.01). Negative correlations were found between the concentrations of SAA and apoproteins A-I and B; this inverse relation was stronger between SAA and apoB than between SAA and apo-AI. PMID- 3147291 TI - Rapid ossification in a subunqual osteochondroma. AB - Osteochondroma has been described as a benign, slow-growing, cartilage-capped, bony outgrowth. It extends from the surface of the bone. The authors present their clinical findings and radiographic evidence, which demonstrate a rapidly growing subunqual osteochondroma. PMID- 3147292 TI - Identification of epiphyseal ankle injuries. AB - Physeal plate injuries are unique to children and young adults. They present special problems in treatment and diagnosis. This manuscript will review these fractures: their classification, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment principles. PMID- 3147293 TI - Characterization of follicular fluid stimulatory factor upon FSH-induced granulosa cell differentiation. AB - The modulatory role of follicular fluid (FF) upon gonadotropin-induced granulosa cell (GC) differentiation has been previously demonstrated. In the present study, the stimulatory factor of large-antral FF (LFF) was partially characterized. Addition of ovine FSH to porcine GC culture increased 125I-hCG specific binding about 6-fold and progesterone (P4) secretion 15-fold. The FSH-induced 125I-hCG specific binding was increased 1.9-fold by LFF and decreased 7.7-fold in the presence of small-antral FF (SFF). It is suggested that SFF may contain an inhibitory factor which is overcome by a stimulatory factor accumulated in FF with follicular growth. An initial purification of LFF stimulatory factor was achieved by two-step ethanol elution. The obtained LFF purified fraction increased the FSH-induced 125I-hCG specific binding 1.5-fold and P4 secretion 4.3 fold compared to GC cultured with FSH + LFF. Addition of LH alone increased the P4 secretion 2.3-, 3.4-, and 6 fold in GC precultured with FSH alone, FSH + neat LFF, and FSH + LFF purified fraction, respectively, as compared to GC precultured in plain medium. Therefore, the LFF stimulatory increase of 125I-hCG specific binding may represent an increase of functional LH receptors. Freezing and thawing of LFF 4 times, exposing LFF to urea for 24 h, heating at 60 C for 20 min, and tryptic digestion each abolished the LFF stimulatory effect upon the FSH dependent increase of 125I-hCG specific binding and P4 secretion. Thus, the LFF stimulatory activity could be attributed to one or more proteins. PMID- 3147294 TI - Arteriolization of venous blood gases: a clue to the diagnosis of cyanide poisoning. AB - Prompt diagnosis and treatment of cyanide poisoning is essential for a successful therapeutic outcome. We present a patient with acute cyanide poisoning in whom venous blood gases disclosed an abnormally high pO2. Prompt treatment of the patient with the cyanide antidote, sodium nitrite plus sodium thiosulfate, rapidly reversed the cardiovascular and central nervous system manifestations of cyanide toxicity. The pathogenesis of cyanide-induced blood gas abnormalities and their potential value in the recognition of cyanide intoxication are discussed. Current treatment recommendations for cyanide poisoning are also reviewed. PMID- 3147295 TI - Diagnosis-related groups: past and future. PMID- 3147296 TI - Number of comorbidities as a predictor of nosocomial infection acquisition. AB - Infection control programs are primarily oriented toward chronicling the incidence of nosocomial infections (NI). Intervention programs oriented toward preventing infection would be facilitated by identifying patients at greatest risk of NI acquisition. We studied the number of comorbidities as a risk predictor for NIs in patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) for three or more days. In 148 patients, we found by regression analysis that the number of comorbidities varied directly with the development of nosocomial infections, as well as with the appearance of new complications and length of ICU stay. Diagnosis-related groups did not adequately account for the variance in comorbidities observed. PMID- 3147298 TI - [Studies on infections in autopsied diabetic patients]. PMID- 3147297 TI - Concanavalin A binding sites on the surface of Drosophila melanogaster sperm: a fluorescence and ultrastructural study. AB - The distribution of alpha-D-mannose/alpha-D-glucose terminal residues in the plasma membrane of Drosophila melanogaster spermatozoon has been investigated by fluorescence and electron microscopy using concanavalin A (Con A) labeling. The results indicate the presence of distinct domains on the sperm surface. Intense binding of Con A to the plasma membrane is highly restricted to the acrosomal region and to the endpiece of the tail. In the former, Con A receptors are not homogeneously distributed, suggesting the presence of microdomains in the acrosomal area. The main part of the tail contains very few Con A binding sites, which are confined to specific areas of the membrane. The sperm surface overlying the nucleus is completely negative. The labeling pattern is unchanged after storage in the female before fertilization. A preliminary analysis of the surface of mature oocytes using fluorochrome-conjugated horseradish peroxidase indicates that D-mannose binding molecules are specifically associated with the chorion of the micropyle anterior part, which might therefore be the site of a preliminary interaction between egg and spermatozoon. PMID- 3147299 TI - [An infection route of meningococcal meningitis and eradication of carriers]. PMID- 3147300 TI - [Influence of cyanuric acid on virucidal effect of chlorine and the comparative study in actual swimming pool waters]. PMID- 3147301 TI - [Study on bacterial infection by the investigation with antimicrobial susceptibility against various clinical isolates. I. The results of susceptibility and the amounts of drug used during seven years]. PMID- 3147302 TI - [Study of the pathogenicity of Enterococcus faecalis--experimental mice with mixed infection with E. faecalis and other organisms]. PMID- 3147303 TI - [Evaluation of screening of bacteriuria--rapid detection of gram-negative bacteriuria by using the chromogenic limulus lysate microassay]. PMID- 3147304 TI - [The adherence of Escherichia coli to uroepithelial cells]. PMID- 3147305 TI - [Evaluation of in vivo activity of antibiotics against Chlamydia trachomatis in mice]. PMID- 3147306 TI - [Studies on the HBV carriers superinfected with HDV--influence of HDV superinfection on HBeAg/anti-HBe system and transaminase level]. PMID- 3147307 TI - Cellular immunity after oral administration with V. cholerae. PMID- 3147308 TI - [A case report of sepsis and multiple lung abscess associated with purulent arthritis of knee joint due to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus]. PMID- 3147310 TI - [Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament]. PMID- 3147309 TI - Thymic selection of the T-cell repertoire. PMID- 3147311 TI - [Improvement in cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction of a patient with OPCA with L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine]. PMID- 3147312 TI - Clinical investigation of olfactory and auditory function in type I pseudohypoparathyroidism: participation of adenylate cyclase system. AB - Olfactory and auditory function was examined in five patients with type I pseudohypoparathyroidism; in two patients the activity of stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein was examined and found to have low values. The olfactory tests were performed by T & T olfactometer and intravenous injection of thiamine propyl disulphide. The four patients receiving olfactory test showed a disturbance in recognization of the odorants. All five patients had normal hearing at frequencies with the normal range. An adenylate cyclase system is thought to play an important role in olfactory transduction, whereas cochlear function may be unaffected by this system in the normal state. PMID- 3147313 TI - The role of the carbon dioxide laser in treatment of carcinoma of the tongue. AB - This paper presents 35 patients with carcinoma of the tongue who have been treated in Southampton using the Carbon Dioxide laser. The treatment programme for each individual patient was determined by radiotherapists and surgeons in a combined head and neck/oncology clinic. T1 carcinomas were treated by primary laser excision biopsy whereas larger tumours were treated first by conventional radiotherapy unless there was a significant contraindication to this treatment modality. Of 10 patients with T1 lesions nine are alive and well and disease free, but one patient died of other causes with no sign of recurrence. The minimum follow-up period has been two years. Of 25 patients with T2 and T3 lesions treated either before or after radiotherapy, nine are alive and disease free, eleven died of disease and five patients died of other causes with no evidence of recurrence. PMID- 3147314 TI - Artificial feeding and the right to die. The legal issues. PMID- 3147316 TI - Focal epilepsy in India. PMID- 3147315 TI - Rapid development of basal ganglia hyperdensity caused by anoxia. PMID- 3147317 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow in epilepsy studied with xenon enhanced CT. PMID- 3147319 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging in Fabry's disease. PMID- 3147318 TI - Subacute administration of a TRH analogue (RX77368) in motorneuron disease: an open study. AB - Sixteen patients with motor neuron disease received RX77368, a TRH analogue, IV, repeatedly over 1-12 weeks (median 2 weeks). Slight to moderate improvement in bulbar function, particularly speech, was reproduced or persisted with repeated infusions in 8 of 12 responders over a median of 18 days (range 14-90) during the period of study. Cramps (5/9) and spasticity (5/8) improved for a median of 14 days (range 7-35) and 7 days (range 2-14) respectively. The highest benefit/side effect ratio was seen with 0.2 mg/kg (0.15 mg/kg in those with severe bulbar palsy) every 3-4 days. Long term studies with this analogue in MND are indicated. PMID- 3147320 TI - Focal epilepsy in India. PMID- 3147321 TI - Free fatty acid and triglyceride levels in neonates receiving triple mix hyperalimentation. AB - Total nutrient admixture (TNA) combines amino acids, lipids, and glucose in a single bottle for continuous parenteral use. This cost-effective and easily administered solution is now available for use in neonates. The present study was performed to assess the metabolism of fat administered as TNA in sick neonates as reflected by serum free fatty acid (FFA) and triglyceride (TG) levels. During a 6 month period, TG and FFA levels were monitored in all infants receiving TNA. Levels were measured within 24 hours of a change in lipid dose and then weekly when maximum intake (about 2 g/kg/day) was achieved. Sixty-nine TG and 58 FFA levels were obtained from 42 neonates who at the time of sampling were receiving 2 g/kg/day or more of parenteral lipid. Ninety-one percent of TG levels were less than or equal to 200 mg/dL. Ninety-six percent of FFA levels were less than or equal to 2000 mumol/L. A weak but statistically significant correlation was noted between TG and FFA levels with a correlation coefficient of 0.54. In conclusion, although the range of FFA and TG levels obtained from sick neonates on TNA therapy is relatively wide, these levels are comparable to those reported in the literature for infants receiving standard intravenous lipid infusions. PMID- 3147322 TI - Calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D requirements of infants receiving parenteral nutrition. AB - Calcium and phosphorus form the major inorganic constituents of bone and serve a vital role in cell function and cell metabolism. Metabolism of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D are intimately related and the requirement of these nutrients should take into account this relationship. For high-risk infants, the use of parenteral nutrition may be associated with disturbances in calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D metabolism. Acute alterations in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, as reflected by excessively elevated or decreased concentrations of circulating calcium and phosphorus concentrations, are frequently iatrogenic in origin and may be minimized by attention to details of fluid, electrolyte, glucose, and other non-calcium, non-phosphorus nutrients. Calcium and phosphorus content up to 15 mM each (60 mg calcium and 46.5 mg phosphorus/dl) with a calcium:phosphorus ratio of 1.3 to 1 by weight or 1 to 1 by molar ratio, at average fluid intakes (approximately 120 ml/kg/day), are suitable to maintain calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. This stable metabolic milieu is reflected by normal and stable serum concentrations of 1.25 dihydroxyvitamin D, and normal and stable renal tubular reabsorption of phosphorus. A low content of vitamin D, 25 IU/dl, in the presence of calcium and phosphorus appears to be sufficient to maintain normal vitamin D status as reflected by the maintenance of normal serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. PMID- 3147323 TI - Neonatal surgical casebook: central venous access. PMID- 3147324 TI - Compartment syndrome of the thigh complicating surgical treatment of ipsilateral femur and ankle fractures. AB - A 26-year-old man presented with ipsilateral femur and ankle fractures. The patient was treated with interlocking nail of his femur fracture, followed by open reduction and internal fixation of his ankle fracture under tourniquet control. Postoperatively, the patient developed compartment syndrome of his thigh with elevated pressures, requiring decompressive fasciotomies. This case illustrates the possible complication of treating a femur fracture with intramedullary nailing and then immediately applying a tourniquet to treat an ipsilateral extremity fracture. Because of the complication with this patient, we feel the procedure should be staged, or a tourniquet should be avoided if possible. PMID- 3147325 TI - Immunohistologically definable light chain restriction in autoimmune disease. PMID- 3147326 TI - Origin and evolution of HIVs and their role in AIDS pathogenesis. PMID- 3147327 TI - Prevention of calcification of bioprosthetic heart valve leaflets by Ca2+ diphosphonate pretreatment. AB - Calcification frequently causes failure of bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) fabricated from glutaraldehyde-pretreated porcine aortic valve or bovine pericardium. Systemic diphosphonate therapy inhibits this disease process, but with adverse effects on overall growth, bone development, and calcium metabolism. The present study was designed to examine the hypothesis that the immobilization of ethanehydroxydiphosphonate (EHDP) within BHV as the poorly soluble Ca2+ salt would inhibit calcification at drug levels insufficient to produce side effects. Glutaraldehyde-pretreated pericardial BHV tissue was exposed to a physiologic concentration of Na2EHDP (0.14 M in 0.05 M HEPES, pH 7.4) and subsequently washed in a NaCl or CaCl2 (0.14 M in 0.05 M HEPES, pH 7.4) solution to precipitate the Na or Ca2+ salts of EHDP on/within the tissue, respectively. Incorporation of CaEHDP into BHV ranged from 74.8 nM/mg (after 1 h, 37 degrees C) to 353 nM/mg (2 weeks, 22 degrees C). None of the Na2EHDP was incorporated into BHV without exposure to CaCl2. In vitro release of CaEHDP from BHV into a physiologic buffer not containing Ca2+ was rapid, with greater than 95% removed after 4 d, while release of CaEHDP into buffer containing a physiologic concentration of Ca2+ ion (1.5 mM) was markedly reduced, with 30% of the precipitated CaEHDP remaining immobilized on or within the tissue matrix following 21 d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147328 TI - Contrast media and glomerular filtration: dose dependence of clearance for three agents. AB - Determination of plasma clearance of contrast agents has been advocated as a means to assess glomerular filtration rate. To evaluate the feasibility of different agents for this purpose, we have compared, in healthy volunteers, the dose dependence of plasma clearance for three contrast media (iohexol, a nonionic agent, and iothalamate and metrizoate, which are ionic substances), with special emphasis on the lower dose range (2-20 mL corresponding to 0.9-12.9 g, depending on dose and agent). Iohexol and iothalamate were cleared at constant rates, irrespective of given dose, whereas metrizoate clearance increased significantly at lower doses. In general, the clearances or iothalamate and metrizoate were, respectively, moderately and markedly higher than that of iohexol. The clearance of different doses of metrizoate (2 mL versus a radiographic dose of 40 mL or more) was also compared with the clearance of [51Cr]EDTA in two groups of patients with reduced renal function. When compared with [51Cr]EDTA in patients with renal dysfunction, metrizoate was cleared significantly faster after a 2-mL dose, whereas clearances were identical when the metrizoate dose was 40 mL or more. These findings indicate that tubular secretion plays an active role in the elimination of metrizoate. The pharmacokinetic properties of iohexol, in combination with its low toxicity, make it a suitable agent for determination of glomerular filtration rate in clinical practice. PMID- 3147329 TI - Neglected rupture of the tibialis anterior tendon. PMID- 3147330 TI - TRH-induced prolactin release in unipolar depressed patients and controls. AB - We compared unipolar depressed patients (N = 32) with normal controls (N = 38) for their prolactin responses on the thyrotropin releasing hormone test. Depressed patients showed prolactin responses similar to sex matched controls. Among the depressed patients there were no significant differences for prolactin response between those with or without a blunted thyroid stimulating hormone response, dexamethasone suppressors or nonsuppressors, or between melancholic and nonmelancholic depressive subgroups. PMID- 3147331 TI - Bacterial elution from bone cement. PMID- 3147332 TI - Squamous carcinoma arising in a mid-oesophageal diverticulum. PMID- 3147333 TI - An improved immunogen for anti-human chorionic gonadotropin vaccine eliciting antibodies reactive with a conformation native to the hormone without cross reaction with human follicle stimulating hormone and human thyroid stimulating hormone. AB - Beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was associated with alpha subunit of ovine luteinizing hormone (OLH) to create a heterospecies dimer (HSD) which has a higher steroidogenic potency than the homologous dimer of alpha hCG and beta hCG in the mouse Leydig cell bioassay. The properties and merits of the antibodies induced by this HSD and beta hCG linked to carrier(s) were investigated in rodents and in a subhuman primate species. The antisera had, in both cases, high affinity for binding with hCG (K alpha = 10(9)-10(10) M-1). The mean (+/- S.E.M.) bioneutralization capacity as a percentage of immunoreactivity (determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA)) of the antibodies generated by the HSD carrier in rats and bonnet monkeys was higher in comparison with those induced by beta hCG linked to carrier (80 +/- 2.3% vs. 63 +/- 1.5% in rats, and 65 +/- 1.9% for HSD vs. 44 +/- 3.7% in monkeys). None of the sera gave any evidence of cross reactivity with human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH) and human thyroid stimulating hormone (hTSH). PMID- 3147334 TI - Surface hydrophobicity and water transport of the toad urinary bladder: effects of vasopressin. AB - The present study investigated whether the hydrophobic properties (wettability) of the luminal surface of the toad urinary bladder might play a role in modulating water transport across this epithelium. In the absence of vasopressin (ADH), water transport across the tissue was low, while luminal surface hydrophobicity (water contact angle) was relatively high. Following stimulation by ADH, water transport increased and surface hydrophobicity decreased. The addition of indomethacin to inhibit ADH-induced prostaglandin synthesis did not reduce these actions of ADH. In an attempt to alter water transport in this tissue, a liposomal suspension of surface-active phospholipids was administered to the luminal surface. This addition had no detectable influence on the low basal rates of water transport, but blocked the ADH-induced stimulation of water transport. We suggest that surface-active phospholipids on the toad bladder luminal membrane may contribute to the hydrophobic characteristics of this tissue. ADH may act to decrease surface hydrophobicity, facilitating the movement of water molecules across an otherwise impermeable epithelium. This surface alteration may be associated with the appearance of water channels in the apical membrane. PMID- 3147337 TI - [Pigmented neurofibrosarcoma in a patient with von Recklinghausen's disease: clinical and ultrastructural studies]. PMID- 3147335 TI - Effects of arachidonic acid and the other long-chain fatty acids on the membrane currents in the squid giant axon. AB - The effects of arachidonic acid and some other long-chain fatty acids on the ionic currents of the voltage-clamped squid giant axon were investigated using intracellular application of the test substances. The effects of these acids, which are usually insoluble in solution, were examined by using alpha cyclodextrin as a solvent, alpha-cyclodextrin itself had no effect on the excitable membrane. Arachidonic acid mainly suppresses the Na current but has little effect on the K current. These effects are completely reversed after washing with control solution. The concentration required to suppress the peak inward current by 50% (ED50) was 0.18 mM, which was 10 times larger than that of medium-chain fatty acids like 2-decenoic acid. The Hill number was 1.5 for arachidonic acid, which is almost the same value as for medium-chain fatty acids. This means that the mechanisms of the inhibition are similar in both long- and medium-chain fatty acids. When the long-chain fatty acids were compared, the efficacy of suppression of Na current was about the same value for arachidonic acid, docosatetraenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. The suppression effects of linoleic acid and linolenic acid on Na currents were one-third of that of arachidonic acid. Oleic acid had a small suppression effect and stearic acid had almost no effect on the Na current. The currents were fitted to equations similar to those proposed by Hodgkin and Huxley (Hodgkin, A.L., Huxley, A.F. (1952) J. Physiol (London) 117:500-544) and the change in the parameters of these equations in the presence of fatty acids were calculated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147336 TI - Components of neurite outgrowth that determine neuronal cytoarchitecture: influence of calcium and the growth substrate. AB - The present study examined the cellular mechanisms underlying the generation of neuroarchitecture. Identified Helisoma neurons in isolated cell culture normally require factors present in brain-conditioned medium (CM) in order to display the different components of neurite outgrowth (sprouting, elongation, branching, and growth cone motility), which ultimately determine their overall architecture. We report here that cell calcium and cell-substrate interactions can play quite specific roles in the regulation of these different components of neuronal outgrowth. CM-induced neurite outgrowth was inhibited by calcium ionophore A23187. In the absence of CM the calcium channel blocker La3+ (10 microM) reduced intracellular calcium levels and induced neurite sprouting and elongation; growth cone motility and branching were greatly reduced in the La3+-induced neurites. Neurons plated into an environment containing La3+ and a fibronectin substrate exhibited all of the components of neuronal outgrowth normally seen in response to CM. Fibronectin alone had little outgrowth-promoting activity. Neurite elongation rates and branching were increased by exposure to La3+ in neurons on either a CM or fibronectin substrate. The neurons growing on CM or fibronectin whose outgrowth was accelerated by La3+ elaborated neuritic arbors that differed from those of neurons grown in response to CM; differences were seen in neurite length, area of outgrowth, branching frequency, and varicosity numbers. Taken together, these results indicate that 1) calcium and the growth substrate can exert specific effects on neurite sprouting, elongation, growth cone motility, and branching; 2) appropriate levels of activation of these two systems can elicit neurite outgrowth that closely resembles that induced by endogenous growth factors; 3) both the differential expression of the separate components of outgrowth and the kinetics of outgrowth determine a neuron's morphology. PMID- 3147338 TI - [Relation of the anti-anginal effect of nitroglycerin and its blood level in patients with stable exertion-induced stenocardia]. AB - In 8 patients with coronary heart disease and stable angina pectoris of effort, a relationship was examined between nitroglycerin antianginal effects and blood concentration when it was topically applied to the gum (trinitrolong, TNL) and to the skin (nitroderm, ND). A close correlation was found between the antianginal effects and blood concentration (r = 0.97 for TNL and r = 0.81 for ND). The individual correlation coefficients were 0.61 to 0.84 for TNL and 0.31 to 0.79 for ND). In all cases but one, the antianginal effect was demonstrable when blood NG concentration reached 0.75 ng/ml, while in some cases (23%) at a concentration of 0.5 ng/ml or less. PMID- 3147339 TI - [Use of a static exercise test for evaluating anti-angina effects of drugs in patients with ischemic heart disease at a polyclinic]. AB - Only in 115 of 320 patients who had attended the polyclinic for cardialgias, static exercise and bicycle ergometer tests could be performed because of medical contraindications and the patients' refusal to participate in the investigation. Positive results were found in 15 patients who had undergone bicycle ergometer tests and in 12 patients who did static exercise. It has been shown that static exercise tests may be useful for selecting antianginal drugs (glyceryl trinitrate, anapriline, corinfar) for outpatients with coronary heart disease on an individual basis. PMID- 3147340 TI - [Differences in the effects of corinfar and nitroglycerin on coronary blood flow and myocardial function]. AB - In acute experiments with 20 isolated cat hearts, corinfar (0.1, 1, and 10 micrograms) and nitroglycerin (1, 10, and 100 micrograms) and their combination were tested for their effects on cardiac vessels and performance. Corinfar and nitroglycerin were found to exert a dose-dependent coronary dilating effect; however, more pronounced and prolonged action was shown by corinfar. The combination of the drugs produced more rapid and prolonged decrease in coronary artery tone when they were given alone. Nitroglycerin failed to affect venous return from the coronary bed and cardiac function, whereas corinfar increased venous return in most cases and decreased it in some cases, exhibited negative ino- and chronotropic effects, and reduced myocardial oxygen consumption. PMID- 3147342 TI - [External respiration, gas exchange and hemodynamics in the early postoperative period in patients after extensive resection of the liver]. PMID- 3147341 TI - [Effect of anti-angina therapy on phospholipid levels of the myocardium in ischemic lesions]. AB - Antianginal treatment of animals with experimentally induced myocardial ischemia produced significant effects on the quantitative and qualitative composition of phospholipids: total phospholipids returned to normal levels, cardiolipins and phosphatidilinosytes were drastically increased. In ischemia, this lipid metabolism derangement appears to be of great significance as it enables the physiochemical status of biological membranes to be relatively stabilized, which is an essential condition for the enzymic system of cardiomyocytes to act. PMID- 3147343 TI - [Characteristics of changes in cardiac output and blood gas composition in humans in modeling the effects of weightlessness]. PMID- 3147344 TI - [The Cosmos biosatellite: achievements and research outlook]. AB - This is an overview of the results of biological and physiological investigations in flights of biosatellites of the Cosmos series. A detailed description of biomedical equipment is presented. The major lines of research to be performed in the near and far future are discussed. PMID- 3147345 TI - A pattern formation mechanism to control spatial organization in the embryo of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - It is known that cells are already committed to a particular segment at the cellular blastoderm stage during embryogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster. Recently, several segmentation genes have been observed to be expressed in a sequence of banded spatial patterns in the syncytial blastoderm, prior to the formation of the cellular blastoderm. It is demonstrated in this paper that a two component reaction-diffusion (RD) system with net production functions which are antisymmetric with respect to the uniform steady-state values, is capable of producing a sequence of seven spatial patterns in the syncytial blastoderm. The sequence of patterns obtained exhibit a strong preference for banded or striped patterns. The first pattern is a simple anteroposterior gradient while the second is a gradient in the dorsoventral direction. The next five patterns are a sequence of banded patterns which exhibit frequency doubling, i.e. the number of bands in each pattern tend to be double the number in the previous pattern. The predicted pattern sequence is comparable to that observed in the expression of some segmentation genes. It is suggested that a pattern formation mechanism based on such an RD system may exist in the embryo where it produces a sequence of prepatterns to regulate the expression of various segmentation genes leading ultimately to a segmented embryo. There is sufficient spatial information in the sequence of banded prepatterns for the segments to be unique. PMID- 3147346 TI - Age related variations of hepatocarcinogenic effect of azo dye (3'-MDAB) as linked to the level of hepatocyte polyploidization. AB - Four-week-old CBA mice fed a diet containing the hepatocarcinogenic azo dye 3' MDAB showed a rapid polyploidization of hepatocytes, a sharp increase of two liver-specific acid soluble non-histone proteins (LSP 1 and 2) and induction of hepatomas between 44 and 52 weeks of the regimen. More mature 18-week-old mice fed the same diet did not develop induced hepatocarcinogenesis after 55 weeks of the regimen. Interruption of the azo dye regimen showed that the increase of LSP 1 and 2 was reversible, whereas the carcinogenic effect and polyploidization were irreversible. Sprague-Dawley rats were more sensitive to the carcinogenic effect of the azo dye regimen. It is suggested that the higher resistance of older mice to the carcinogenic effect could be linked to the higher level of hepatocyte polyploidization and that the increase of LSP 1 and 2 is relevant to the toxic effect of the azo dye. PMID- 3147347 TI - The striatal dopamine dependency of life span in male rats. Longevity study with (-)deprenyl. AB - Long-term experiments on male rats revealed that better performers in the mating test are better learners in the shuttle box and the more active animals live significantly longer than their less active peers. It was established by the aid of (-)deprenyl, a highly specific chemical tool, which increases superoxide dismutase activity in the striatum, facilitates the activity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons with utmost selectivity, and protects these neurons from their age-related decay, that the efficiency of a male rat in behavioral tests, as well as the duration of its life are striatal dopamine dependent functions. As a measure of striatal function, sexual activity was tested once a week in a group of male rats (n = 132) from the 24th month of their life. Because of the age related decay of this function none of the 2-year-old animals displayed full scale sexual activity. By dividing the group equally the rats were treated with saline (1 ml/kg, s.c.) and deprenyl (0.25 mg/kg, s.c.), respectively, three times a week. In the saline-treated group (n = 66) the last signs of sexual activity vanished to the 33rd week of treatment. (-)Deprenyl treatment restored full scale sexual activity in 64 out of 66 rats. The longest living rat in the saline treated group lived 164 weeks. The average lifespan of the group was 147.05 +/- 0.56 weeks. The shortest living animal in the (-)deprenyl-treated group lived 171 weeks and the longest living rat died during the 226th week of its life. The average lifespan was 197.98 +/- 2.36 weeks, i.e. higher than the estimated maximum age of death in the rat (182 weeks). This is the first instance that by the aid of a well-aimed medication members of a species lived beyond the known lifespan maximum. PMID- 3147348 TI - Accuracy in measurement of gas partial pressure in biological media by gas consuming probes. PMID- 3147349 TI - [Effects of pyridoxine on the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis during chronic treatment with methadone]. PMID- 3147351 TI - [Effects on growth hormone secretion of a new somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995) and nonspecific releasing hormones in patients with acromegaly]. PMID- 3147350 TI - [Evaluation of the secretion of GH and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) in adolescents with thalassemia treated with chorionic gonadotropins]. PMID- 3147353 TI - [Hospital long term care]. PMID- 3147352 TI - [L-3H-lysine binding sites on the rat retinal membrane: influence of the GABAergic system]. PMID- 3147354 TI - [Encainide]. PMID- 3147355 TI - [Effect of chemotherapy on the Schistosoma mansoni eggs]. AB - Praziquantel administered to mice with Schistosoma mansoni infection (50 cercarias/8 weeks) was observed to cause death of adult worms and disintegration of the eggs trapped within granulomas, sometimes with calcification, after the 4th day of treatment. Combined administration of oxamniquine/hycanthone to animals similarly infected, although quite effective in killing adult worms, did not interfere with the eggs in the tissue. The miracidium eclosion test was positive up to the 15th day after the curative treatment of these animals. Since praziquantel treatment causes a rapid destruction of eggs, possible serological and pathogenic effects are expected that may enable a faster reabsorption of granulomas by the host tissues than that produced by other equally effective drugs. PMID- 3147357 TI - NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) from Sporotrichum pulverulentum. PMID- 3147356 TI - Studies in search of a suitable experimental insect model for xenodiagnosis of hosts with Chagas' disease. 2 Attempts to upgrade the reliability and the efficacy of xenodiagnosis in chronic Chagas' disease. AB - In order to upgrade the reliability of xenodiagnosis, attention has been directed towards population dynamics of the parasite, with particular interest for the following factors: 1. Parasite density which by itself is not a research objective, but by giving an accurate portrayal of parasite development and multiplication, has been incorporated in screening of bugs for xenodiagnosis. 2. On the assumption that food availability might increase parasite density, bugs from xenodiagnosis have been refed at biweekly intervals on chicken blood. 3. Infectivity rates and positives harbouring large parasite yields were based on gut infections, in which the parasite population comprised of all developmental forms was more abundant and easier to detect than in fecal infections, thus minimizing the probability of recording false negatives. 4. Since parasite density, low in the first 15 days of infection, increases rapidly in the following 30 days, the interval of 45 days has been adopted for routine examination of bugs from xenodiagnosis. By following the enumerated measures, all aiming to reduce false negative cases, we are getting closer to a reliable xenodiagnostic procedure. Upgrading the efficacy of xenodiagnosis is also dependent on the xenodiagnostic agent. Of 9 investigated vector species, Panstrongylus megistus deserves top priority as a xenodiagnostic agent. Its extraordinary capability to support fast development and vigorous multiplication of the few parasites, ingested from the host with chronic Chagas' disease, has been revealed by the strikingly close infectivity rates of 91.2% vs. 96.4% among bugs engorged from the same host in the chronic and acute phase of the disease respectively (Table V), the latter comporting an estimated number of 12.3 x 10(3) parasites in the circulation at the time of xenodiagnosis, as reported previously by the authors (1982). PMID- 3147358 TI - Vanillate hydroxylase from Sporotrichum pulverulentum. PMID- 3147359 TI - Chitosanase from Streptomyces griseus. PMID- 3147360 TI - Serum levels of oestrogens, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone and sex hormone-binding globulin during simultaneous vaginal administration of 17 beta oestradiol and progesterone in the pre- and post-menopause. AB - Serum concentrations of 17 beta-oestradiol (E2), unconjugated oestrone (E1), total oestrone (tE1), progesterone (P), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured before and after daily intravaginal administration of 250 micrograms micronized E2 and 10 mg micronized P for 14 days to 12 post-menopausal and for 1 day only (during cycle days 5-8) to 11 pre-menopausal women. In the post-menopausal women the levels of all steroids increased to maximum values on day 1, 8-10 h after administration and fell thereafter. In the pre-menopausal women the steroid concentrations rose slowly to a plateau level 10-15 h after administration. Significantly higher absorption of E2 and E1 (area under the curve increments) was noted in the post-menopausal than in the pre-menopausal women. In the post-menopausal women the steroid levels measured on days 7 and 14 corresponded to those observed in the very early or late luteal phase. Area under the curve increments were usually smaller on days 7 and 14 than on day 1 and the absorption kinetics altered to a 'pre-menopausal' pattern. FSH levels were significantly reduced as from 12 h after administration on day 1 and onwards. A slight (10%) but significant increase in SHBG levels was noted on day 14. It was concluded that the combined E2 and P treatment used in this investigation brings about a physiological response with only minimal side effects on the liver as judged from changes in SHBG concentrations. PMID- 3147361 TI - Endothelium and underlying membrane reactivity with platelets, leukocytes and tumor cells: regulation by the lipoxygenase-derived fatty acid metabolites, 13 HODE and HETES. AB - We hypothesize that the ratio of intracellular 13-hydroxy-octadeca-dienoic acid (13 HODE) and hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-, 12- and/or 15-HETE) influences the expression or presentation of adhesive moieties on platelets, leukocytes, malignant cells and endothelial cells, thereby influencing their subsequent adhesive interactions. Thus, we demonstrate that under unstimulated conditions, these cells preferentially synthesize linoleic acid via their lipoxygenase enzymes into 13-HODE, the intracellular level of which is associated with limited or no cell adhesion, while following stimulation, the same cells preferentially metabolize arachidonic acid via the lipoxygenase enzyme into HETEs, the production of which is associated with enhanced adhesion. Which metabolite is synthesized by these cells and the subsequent adhesivity of these cells appear to be dependent upon both the intracellular level of cAMP and the ratio of linoleic and arachidonic acid substrates. This suggests that manipulation of this ratio will have significant effects on the adhesive events involved in the pathogenesis of thrombosis, inflammation and metastasis. PMID- 3147362 TI - Two cases of human sarcocystosis in East Malaysia. PMID- 3147363 TI - Interactions between anticholinesterase poisoning and opioid analgesia and locomotion in mice. AB - Interactions between anticholinesterases and opioid drugs on antinociception and locomotor behaviour have been studied in the mouse. The anticholinesterase di isopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) (1 mg/kg), pyridostigmine (1 mg/kg) and neostigmine (200 micrograms/kg) or drugs used to treat anticholinesterase poisoning (atropine, pralidoxime and diazepam) were not antinociceptive. DFP, at doses which produced marked neurotoxicity (2 mg/kg), produced antinociception which was not mediated by opioid receptors. The antinociceptive effects of alfentanil, but not fentanyl or morphine, were potentiated by DFP, whereas pyridostigmine and neostigmine were without effect. The potentiating activity of DFP was unaffected by atropine, pralidoxime and diazepam. DFP (1 mg/kg) produced a small degree of hypolocomotion whilst atropine and pralidoxime produced marked hyperlocomotion. Diazepam alone and with DFP, atropine, pralidoxime or opioid drugs produced marked motor incapacitation. Hyperlocomotion induced by morphine and alfentanil was reduced by DFP but fentanyl hyperlocomotion was unaffected. Treatment of DFP toxicity with atropine and pralidoxime reversed the effects on alfentanil locomotion but failed to alter DFP's action upon morphine or fentanyl locomotion. Atropine and pralidoxime treatment alone did not affect fentanyl hyperlocomotion, attenuated alfentanil hyperlocomotion and produced marked hypolocomotion in morphine-treated mice. Opioids and anticholinesterases do not exhibit common interactions and their effects are dependent on both opioid, anticholinesterase and the behaviour studied. PMID- 3147364 TI - [Metabolic and nutritional support in severely burned patients]. AB - Proper metabolic and nutritional support is an important treatment modality in severely burned patients. We examined the effect of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) enriched TPN on metabolism of burned rats. A scald injury (30% BSA) was produced in rats. The rats, after resuscitated with saline for 24 hr, were divided into 3 groups. CONTROL GROUP: received saline. Group B: received TPN with BCAA enriched solution (45% BCAA). Group C: received TPN with conventional amino acid solution (21.3% BCAA). Both of these TPN solutions were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Rats of each group were administered TPN solution or saline for further 48 hr. The metabolites in the liver and muscle were measured. Rapid and marked decrease of levels of metabolites such as adenine nucleotides, glycogen, G 6-P, protein and RNA/DNA was observed in the liver and muscle of the rats during fluid resuscitation. The rats of group B showed significant recoveries in all of these parameters after administration of the TPN, as compared with those of group C. On the other hand, progressive metabolic deterioration was recognized in the rats of control group. These results indicate beneficial effects of BCAA enriched TPN on energy and protein metabolism in scald injury. PMID- 3147365 TI - [Nutritional management following resection of esophageal cancer--effect of early postoperative enteral hyperalimentation]. AB - We studied the effect of early postoperative enteral hyperalimentation on the nutritional state and hormones in digestive organs in twenty patients who underwent resection of thoracic esophageal carcinoma and reconstruction of new esophagus. Following results were obtained. 1. Although enteral hyperalimentation was started in the early postoperative period (postoperative 3 day), the incidence of complications including diarrhea was decreased dramatically and satisfactory nutritional effect was obtained due to the development of many excellent chemically defined enteral nutrients. 2. Gut hormones including CCK showed the same response as in the preoperative period to the loading of enteral nutrients. And that, it is suggested that the response of CCK is affected by the lipid content in the nutrients and that this response was effective to prevent the postoperative biliary stasis. 3. Enteral nutrition made it possible to self regulate water absorption from digestive organs, to control body fluid volume and to prevent over hydration or hypovolemia to comparison with parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3147366 TI - [Surgical treatment and problem of massive small intestinal resection in children -assessment of background diseases and actual management]. AB - From 1971 to 1986, massive small intestinal resection was done in twenty-five cases; intestinal atresia 12, intestinal volvulus 9, necrotizing enterocolitis 2, intussusception 1 and gastroschisis 1. Thirteen cases (52%) of them have survived. Of 12 cases with intestinal atresia undergoing small intestinal resection, 7 cases had atresias of multiple type, on the other hand, in intestinal volvulus, 4 of 9 cases without malrotation have had massive small intestinal resection, compared with 5 of 30 cases with malrotation. Many clinical problems have occurred after massive small intestinal resection, especially in cases with short bowel syndrome (shorter than 30 cm in length), but home parenteral nutrition has become one of the key treatments for cases with short bowel syndrome. PMID- 3147367 TI - [Management of short bowel syndrome in infants--experience of adjunctive surgical therapy in three cases]. AB - During the past nine years period, we managed 7 cases with short bowel syndrome resulting from massive intestinal resection in the neonatal period. Six children, aged 2 to 8 years are alive, and one died from cardiomyopathy caused by selenium deficiency at the age of one year. The carbohydrate-free milk was used for initial enteral nutrition, and the result was encouraging in 4 cases. In 3 cases in which residual small bowel varied between 6.5 to 18 cm, the enteral feeding was not incapable. These cases underwent adjunctive surgical therapy. Tailoring jejunoplasty was performed in the first case, and bowel lengthening in the second case. In both cases enteral nutrition was advanced postoperatively. The third patient who had rapid intestinal transit time underwent isoperistaltic colon interposition. Intestinal transit time was increased and enteral nutrition was advanced gradually. PMID- 3147368 TI - [Long-term TPN for short bowel syndrome]. AB - One hundred and sixty three children who received total parenteral nutrition (TPN), including 7 cases of short bowel syndrome, were studied to evaluate the role of TPN in the management of infants with extremely short bowel. Three of the seven were died of sepsis related with central venous catheter (CV catheter) during the period of malabsorption when TPN was necessary. Two children of other diseases were died of catheter sepsis, 5 out of 163 in total, making the mortality late of TPN 3%. Incidence of CV catheter related complications was significantly less frequent in Broviac catheter when compared with conventional Silastic catheter (p less than 0.01). Another significant complication of TPN in cases of short bowel syndrome was hepatic dysfunction. Cholestatic liver dysfunction seemed to be cleared when enteral feeding was started even with TPN going on. Oral feeding should be started in the early postoperative period with concomitant TPN covering the fluid loss. A case of copper deficiency with high output jejunostomy and a case of urolithiasis with hyperoxaluria complicated with short bowel were reported. PMID- 3147369 TI - [Long term prognosis after massive small bowel resection in children]. AB - Eight survivors after massive small bowel resection were reviewed for a period of 2 to 19 years to assess the long term prognosis of patients. The primary diseases of short bowel syndrome were congenital intestinal atresia (6) and midgut volvulus (2). The length of the residual small intestine ranged between 27 and 75 cm and ileocecal valve was also resected in 3 cases. All cases had been already weaned from parenteral nutrition and six children tolerate normal meals and two have still enteral formula at home now. Near normal somatic growth was achieved in cases which received intensive nutritional supports after operation. The D Xylose absorption test revealed gradual improvement except one with the shortest intestine (27 cm) and fat absorption was disturbed in patients who had less than 45 cm residual intestine. Late metabolic complications, such as renal calculus, cholelithiasis and pathologic fractures were encountered in three cases. PMID- 3147370 TI - [Extended treatment for gastric cancer patients with peritoneal seeding]. AB - Fourteen patients with far-advanced gastric cancer were treated surgically followed by intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion (IPHP) with mitomycin C (MMC) and misonidazole (MIS), a thermosensitizing drug. Immediately after extensive resection of the abdominal tumors, a 2-hour IPHP was performed at the inflow temperature 47.4 +/- 0.5 degrees C and at the outflow temperature 45.3 +/- 0.5 degrees C, using equipment designed for treatment of cancerous peritoneal seeding, as a closed circuit, and under hypothermic general anesthesia at 31.2 +/ 0.5 degrees C. In 6 of the 14 patients, cancerous ascites was absent after IPHP. Repeated cytologic examination of the lavage from pelvic cul-de-sac were negative, in all cases. The postoperative courses were uneventful except for 2 patients, in whom slight leakage occurred. All patients were discharged, and 4 in the 14 patients died of recurrence in the liver, abdominal and/or pleural cavities 8.8 +/- 2.1 months after IPHP. The remaining 10 are in good health 12.1 +/- 3.1 months after IPHP. Transient hepatic dysfunction and hypoproteinemia occurred after hyperthermia in all cases. This extensive surgery combined with IPHP using MMC and MIS was well tolerated and is a safe anti-tumor treatment for gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination. Neurotoxicity due to MIS was nil. PMID- 3147371 TI - The rpoA341 allele of Escherichia coli specifically impairs the transcription of a group of positively-regulated operons. AB - The specificity of the transcription defect caused by the rpoA341(phs) allele has been investigated. Three apparently unlinked genetic systems have been found to be impaired in their transcription by this mutant allele of the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase. These three systems, the melAB operon, the cysA locus and the ara regulon, are apparently unrelated other than by their requirement for a regulon specific positive regulator for the initiation of transcription. Expression of the gene for the positive regulator does not appear to be significantly affected in any of the three systems. However, mutations that render expression of the araBAD operon independent of the regulatory protein also confer insensitivity to the rpoA341 allele. The significance of these observations is discussed in the context of models of positive regulation. PMID- 3147372 TI - Introduction of genes for leucine biosynthesis from Clostridium pasteurianum into C. acetobutylicum by cointegrate conjugal transfer. AB - A Clostridium pasteurianum gene bank was constructed in Escherichia coli, using plasmid pAT153, and several chromosomal fragments found which complemented both leuB and leuC mutations in auxotrophic E. coli K12 strains. No fragments capable of complementing leuA or leuD mutations were identified. Conjugal transfer of the leuB/leuC genes from Bacillus subtilis into two different Leu- C. acetobutylicum auxotrophic strains was elicited by their incorporation into a large plasmid cointegrate composed of the conjugal plasmid pAM beta 1 and a specially constructed gram-positive, replication-deficient plasmid, pMTL21 EC. Inheritance of the cointegrate plasmid restored one of the auxotrophic C. acetobutylicum strains to prototrophy. The second strain remained Leu-. PMID- 3147373 TI - Salmonella typhimurium LT2 metF operator mutations. AB - Using an Escherichia coli lac deletion strain lysogenized with lambda phage carrying a metF-lacZ gene fusion (lambda Flac), in which beta-galactosidase levels are dependent on metF gene expression, cis-acting mutations were isolated that affect regulation of the Salmonella typhimurium metF gene. The mutations were located in a region previously defined as the metF operator by its similarity to the E. coli metF operator sequence. Regulation of the metF gene was examined by measuring beta-galactosidase levels in E. coli strains lysogenized with the wild-type lambda Flac phage and mutant lambda Flac phage. The results suggest that the mutations disrupt the methionine control system mediated by the metJ gene product, but not the vitamin B12 control system mediated by the metH gene product. The results also demonstrate that negative control of the metF gene by the metH gene product and vitamin B12 is dependent on a functional metJ gene product. PMID- 3147374 TI - Changes in skeletal muscle gene transcription induced by chronic stimulation. AB - The mRNA products of four genes, carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII), fast myosin heavy chain (MHCf), actin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), were assayed by Northern and slot-blot analysis in rabbit tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles that were subjected to electrical stimulation for periods of up to 21 days. Marked changes in mRNA levels were seen for all four genes. The mRNA for CAIII, which is specific for type 1 fibers, rose significantly, whereas the MHCf mRNA fell markedly in the stimulated muscles. Changes in GAPDH mRNA were consistent with a reduced dependence on anaerobic glycolysis as an energy source. Actin mRNA levels were noticeably depressed in the early stages of stimulation. Thus for several classes of muscle protein, the response to chronic low-frequency stimulation appears to involve changes at the level of gene transcription. PMID- 3147376 TI - Learning factors in substance abuse. Papers based on a technical review. November 3 and 4, 1986, Bethesda, MD. PMID- 3147375 TI - Serological diagnosis of Aspergillus infections. PMID- 3147377 TI - Drug anticipation and the treatment of dependence. AB - Results of much research demonstrate that tolerance is not the inevitable consequence of repeated drug exposure: the drug-experienced organism often demonstrates tolerance when the drug is administered in the context of the usual predrug cues, but not in the context of alternative cues. Such findings raise the importance of learning factors above that of the purely physiological factors in substance abuse. Incorporated in a model of tolerance that emphasizes the Pavlovian conditioning of an association between predrug cues and the systemic effect of the drug are findings that learned tolerance leads to death by overdose. A history of association results in drug-compensatory conditional responses, and these conditional pharmacological responses may be displayed as "withdrawal symptoms" and craving when the organism with a history of drug administration is confronted with the usual predrug cues without the usual pharmacological consequences. An implication of the conditioning analysis is that successful treatment of drug addiction should acknowledge not only pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic principles, but also the powerful evocative effects of drug-predictive environmental cues. Permanent abstinence is most likely if the treated addict is either protected from reexposure to these predrug cues (for example, by residence relocation), or treated with a protocol which incorporates extinction of the association between these cues and the drug. As Hamlet suggested to his mother (Act III, Scene 4): Assume a virtue if you have it not ... refrain tonight; And that shall lend a kind of easiness To the next abstinence: the next more easy; For use almost can change the stamp of nature And master ev'n the devil or throw him out With wondrous potency. PMID- 3147378 TI - Learning and unlearning drug abuse in the real world: clinical treatment and public policy. PMID- 3147379 TI - The relationship of stimulus control to the treatment of substance abuse. AB - This brief review points out important reasons for considering stimulus control in the treatment of substance abuse. Traditional drug abuse treatment procedures appear to manipulate stimulus control factors during treatment whether or not explicitly stated. In addition, treatment procedures differ in the profile of stimulus control dimensions addressed during treatment and can be differentiated in these terms. Assessment of the relative success of various treatments in modifying aspects of the environmental control of drug taking is beyond the scope of this paper, but analysis of dimensions of stimulus that control an individual's drug-seeking behavior may be a critical issue in determining which of the range of available treatment modalities will be most successful. PMID- 3147380 TI - Social learning approaches to alcohol relapse: selected illustrations and implications. PMID- 3147381 TI - Conditioning phenomena and the problem of relapse in opioid addicts and alcoholics. PMID- 3147382 TI - The use of second-order schedules to study the influence of environmental stimuli on drug-seeking behavior. PMID- 3147383 TI - Human drug taking under controlled laboratory conditions. AB - The data presented point to the importance of studying drug effects under the conditions in which those drugs are taken outside of the laboratory. Interactions between the reinforcing and other direct effects of these drugs, as well as their interactions with ongoing environmental events, can only be evaluated under such conditions. Tolerance to cocaine's effects which can lead to a potential for increased toxicity, the regularity of both cocaine and marijuana self administration under both stable and varying environmental conditions, and the regulation of caloric content of food all are important factors in understanding (and therefore being able to manipulate) substance use and abuse. These data also support the utility of a residential research facility for the investigation of substance use under conditions that approximate those in which people live outside of the laboratory. This unique laboratory, designed for continuous observation of human behavior over extended periods of time, provides a carefully controlled research environment with flexibility for establishing a range of subject behaviors and recording both individual and social behavior patterns. We can study regulation both within a day and over days, assessing the effects of experimental manipulations on the patterning of self-administration behavior. The design of such studies is a logical extension of those reported in the animal laboratory as well as those carried out in a more traditional human behavioral pharmacology laboratory. PMID- 3147385 TI - Types of conditioning found in drug-dependent humans. PMID- 3147384 TI - Classically conditioned responses in opioid and cocaine dependence: a role in relapse? AB - We have shown that conditioned phenomena occur in a number of drug-related settings and that they can be reliably elicited and studied. Our recent work suggests that conditioned craving is an extremely prevalent, if poorly understood, response to drug-related stimuli and that it can occur independent of conditioned withdrawal responses. Our current extinction protocols are effective in reducing the conditioned responses to both opioid and cocaine-related test stimuli. How well this extinction training generalizes to the "real world," is, of course, the crucial clinical question. We are trying to maximize the generalization of extinction through use of realistic, individualized drug "reminders." The final clinical impact of these extinction procedures awaits completion of our ongoing treatment/outcome studies in abstinent opioid and cocaine abusers. PMID- 3147386 TI - The economic shaping of substance abuse. AB - It appears that economic factors have not been considered in examining the problem of substance abuse even though they have major implications. Economics must be seen as a major factor in the extrinsic system, interacting with other components of the extrinsic system as well as components of the intrinsic system. Without an understanding of this key factor, a complete picture cannot be derived. At this point, we can only hypothesize and propose conjectures as to what some of the ramifications might be. We would suggest that more formal studies, involving economic factors, be undertaken, since such studies could have major implications in a better understanding of the shaping of substance abuse. PMID- 3147388 TI - Biological vulnerability to drug abuse. Based on papers from a technical review. June 2 and 3, 1986, Rockville, Maryland. PMID- 3147387 TI - The therapeutic community and behavioral science. PMID- 3147389 TI - Genetic vulnerability to drug abuse. PMID- 3147390 TI - The role of psychopathology in the familial transmission of drug abuse. PMID- 3147391 TI - Methodological issues in family, adoption, and twin research. PMID- 3147392 TI - Analytical approaches to twin and family data. PMID- 3147393 TI - Exploring drug abuse with genetic strategies: cautionary tales. PMID- 3147395 TI - The applications of biological vulnerability research to drug abuse prevention. PMID- 3147394 TI - Biological vulnerability: treatment implications/applications. PMID- 3147397 TI - The twin method in the study of vulnerability to drug abuse. PMID- 3147396 TI - Family pedigree studies of biological vulnerability to drug dependence. PMID- 3147398 TI - Etiologic factors in substance abuse: an adoption study perspective. PMID- 3147399 TI - The high-risk paradigm in alcohol and drug abuse research. PMID- 3147400 TI - Personality factors in drug addiction. AB - In spite of the fact that past research has not found a unitary concept of an "alcoholic personality," personality factors have been found to be important in the development of alcohol abuse disorders. Personality characteristics measured by the MMPI, particularly the Pd scale and the MAC scale, have been shown to be related to the development of alcohol abuse disorders. Research is currently under way to explore the ability of the revised version of the MMPI to detect and describe problems of alcohol abuse. PMID- 3147402 TI - Individual differences in drug response. PMID- 3147401 TI - Influence of genetic factors on drug-reinforced behavior in animals. PMID- 3147403 TI - Taurine and beta-alanine uptake in primary astrocytes differentiating in culture: effects of ions. AB - The effects of ions on taurine and beta-alanine uptake were studied in astrocytes during cellular differentiation in primary cultures. The uptakes were strictly Na+-dependent and also inhibited by the omission of K+ and in the presence of ouabain suggesting that their transport is fuelled mainly by these cation gradients. Two sodium ions were associated in the transport of one taurine and beta-alanine molecule across cell membranes. A reduction in Cl- concentration also markedly inhibited the uptake of both amino acids, indicating that this anion is of importance in the transport processes. The similar ion dependency profiles of taurine and beta-alanine uptake corroborate the assumption that the uptake of these amino acids in astrocytes is mediated by the same carrier. In Na+ and K+-free media both taurine and beta-alanine uptakes were reduced significantly more in 14-day-old or older than in 7-day-old cultures. No significant changes occurred in the coupling ratio between Na+ and taurine or beta-alanine as a function of spontaneous cellular differentiation or upon dBcAMP treatment. These results suggest that the uptake systems of these structurally related amino acids in astrocytes have reached a relatively high degree of functional maturity by two weeks in culture. PMID- 3147405 TI - [A case of neurofibromatosis with spinal dural ectasia and vertebral body scalloping: a case report]. AB - A 41-year-old man noticed colorless cutaneous nodules all over his body at the age of 24. Recently the nodules increased markedly in number and several large nodules were removed at the dermatological clinic of our hospital. The histological diagnosis of the nodules was neurofibroma. He was then referred to our neurosurgical clinic for neurological examinations to rule out involvement of the central nervous system. He showed no abnormality in neurological examination except for hyper-reflexia of the left patellar tendon reflex and occasional right leg weakness. Cranial CT scan and EEG were normal. Mental examination and routine laboratory studies were also normal. Vertebral scoliosis from C6 to T3 level, enlargement of the bilateral vertebral foramen at the level of T2 to T4, vertebral dysplasia of the C6 and T3, and the scalloping of the vertebral posterior margin of the T2 to T4 were seen in the plain X-ray films and tomography of the upper thoracic and cervical spine. The myelography and metrizamide CT scan showed multiple diverticular dilation of CSF space at the level of T1 to T4. This extended through the enlarged vertebral foramina to the chest cavity forming a dumb-bell shape. Spinal cord was normal and there was no tumor in the spinal canal. Dural ectasia and vertebral body scalloping were more clearly shown by magnetic resonance imaging (M.R.I). Dural ectasia accompanying von Recklinghausen's disease is rare and no MRI findings have been reported. Therefore, we reported this case and mainly discussed roentgenological findings and MRI of dural ectasia and other spinal abnormalities. PMID- 3147404 TI - [Protective effect of various agents against ischemic neuronal damage in guinea pig hippocampal neurons studied in vitro]. AB - A study was made of protective effect of several drugs (mannitol, phenytoin, vitamin E and dexamethasone) against the deprivation of both glucose and oxygen from the bathing medium on electrical activities of guinea-pig hippocampal neurons in vitro. Using guinea-pig hippocampal slice, we recorded antidromic field potentials in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus with stimulating mossy fibers. "Ischemia" of a slice was achieved by substracting both glucose and oxygen from the perfusing medium. In standard medium, after 10 minutes of ischemia, field potentials had minimum recovery with an amplitude of 5% of control after 60 minutes in the standard medium. Mannitol treatment had no protective effect, but phenytoin, vitamin E and dexamethasone had clear dose dependent effect. The protective effect was evaluated by recovery of field potential amplitude of the 60 minutes postischemic response and histological examination of the brain slice tissue. The degree of the histological damage was correlated with recovery of field potential. In this experiment we have demonstrated that phenytoin and vitamin E obviously have the protective action against ischemic neuronal damage in the guinea-pig hippocampal slice and the combined application of these drugs were more effective. PMID- 3147406 TI - Structural changes in the rat brain after carotid infusions of hyperosmolar solutions: a light microscopic and immunohistochemical study. AB - A solution of mannitol or urea was infused into the carotid artery of rats to open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and to find out if such a procedure results in brain injury. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded material was available to determine the localization and extent of albumin extravasation by immunochemistry. Other light microscopic and immunocytochemical techniques were applied on consecutive sections to find out if structural damage had occurred. The cerebral cortex, the hippocampus and the basal ganglia of the infused brain hemisphere contained within regions of albumin extravasation scattered, collapsed, acidophilic neurons. In addition, there were multifocal lesions with marked sponginess of the neuropil which contained numerous shrunken, acidophilic neurons and a perifocal astrocytic gliosis. A moderate macrophage infiltration was present in rats with 72 h survival. In conclusion, infusion of hypertonic mannitol or urea into the carotid artery of the rat may result in structural brain damage within regions showing BBB injury. The presence of acidophilic neurons and the macrophage response indicate that some of the brain changes are irreversible. PMID- 3147407 TI - Influence of blood volume on cerebrospinal fluid levels of arachidonic acid metabolites after subarachnoid hemorrhage: experimental study on the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm. AB - Based on accumulating data indicating the important role of arachidonic acid metabolites in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm, we examined the influence of alterations in blood volume on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) level of the subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Three separate injections of autologous blood into the cisterna magna of dogs within subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Three separate injections of autologous blood into the cisterna magna of dogs within 72 hours were performed. Three experimental groups were formed, with an overall injected blood volume of 6, 9, and 12 ml. Arterial spasm was verified by comparison of the angiographic diameter of the basilar artery on Day 8 vs. Day 1. Additionally, light microscopic, scanning and transmission electron microscopic, and freeze cracking technique examinations of the basilar artery demonstrated the typical morphological features of proliferative vasculopathy. Increasing the volume of experimental SAH led to a linear decrease of the mean vessel diameter from 45% to 53% and finally to 75% of normal. Parallel to the reduction of angiographic vessel lumen, a volume-dependent significant increase of all three eicosanoids was demonstrated. A deficiency of prostacyclin concentration during the course of the experiment was not observed. Despite highly elevated CSF levels of vasodilating prostacyclin, however, severe angiographic constriction of the basilar artery occurred in the presence of high concentrations of TXA2 and PGE2. It is concluded that increasing volumes of SAH led to a concomitant release of arachidonic acid metabolites during posthemorrhagic clot lysis. From our data, it seems questionable whether a prostacyclin deficiency is an important underlying factor for the development of cerebral spasm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147408 TI - Effects of long-lasting antiepileptic therapy on brainstem auditory evoked potentials. AB - The brainstem auditory evoked potentials of 84 epileptic patients in chronic monotherapy with carbamazepine (n = 36), phenobarbital (n = 19), Na-valproate (n = 20) or progabide (n = 9) were studied. The mean values of I-III and I-V interpeak latencies (IPLs) were respectively 2.16 +/- 0.11 and 4.03 +/- 0.17 in the control group, 2.31 +/- 0.09 and 4.17 +/- 0.16 in the valproic group, 2.30 +/ 0.17 and 4.19 +/- 0.20 in the carbamazepine group, 2.17 +/- 0.16 and 4.10 +/- 0.18 in the phenobarbital group and 2.16 +/- 0.11 and 4.12 +/- 0.17 in the progabide group. The prolongation of I-III and I-V IPLs was statistically significant only for the valproic acid and carbamazepine groups. Neither duration of the epilepsy and treatment and frequency of seizures nor the serum drug levels were correlated with I-V IPL values. PMID- 3147409 TI - Ossification of the ligamentum flavum. A case report and its MRI finding. AB - A case of thoracic myelopathy due to ossification of the ligamentum flavum is presented. A fifty-five year old female complained of sensory and motor disturbance of lower limbs. Neuroradiologically, in addition to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament throughout the spines, ossified ligamenta flava were found at the Th10-11 level and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clearly showed the spinal cord compressed at the same level by a low-intensity signal lesion. Laminectomy and removal of the ossfied ligamenta flava improved her neurological dysfunction. The usefulness of the MRI in the neuroradiological diagnosis was confirmed. PMID- 3147410 TI - [Role of postoperative peripheral parenteral nutrition in gastric surgery in malnourished patients with cancer]. PMID- 3147411 TI - [Jejunal diverticulosis. Extensive review of the literature and presentation of a clinical case]. PMID- 3147412 TI - Demography of dialysis and transplantation in Europe in 1985 and 1986: trends over the previous decade. Report from the European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry. AB - The demography of renal replacement therapy for 1985 and 1986 is presented, based on returns of individual patient questionnaires to the EDTA Registry, supplemented by some data from the centre questionnaire. Patient questionnaires for 1985 were received from 83% of known centres and for 1986 from 79% of known centres in 33 countries. Of 244,497 individually registered patients, 116,892 were known to be alive on defined forms of renal replacement therapy on 31 December 1985 and 121,755 on 31 December 1986. Countries covered by the EDTA Registry include one-third of the world's population on renal replacement therapy. Individual countries exemplify different strategies with variable proportional contributions from home haemodialysis, CAPD and transplantation, and varying levels of achievement in numbers of patients on treatment. Trends in patient populations demonstrate that standard risk patients (aged under 55 and non-diabetic) are mostly receiving treatment in countries with advanced programmes, whereas the growth in numbers of new patients is due largely to increase in the acceptance of high-risk patients (aged over 55 or with diabetes mellitus). These trends have implications for the future; predictions must take account of the variable mixture of standard and high-risk patients, the different results achieved in these categories and the rates at which the mixture between them is changing. PMID- 3147413 TI - Cyclosporin in the treatment of steroid-responsive and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in adults. AB - The effect of cyclosporin on proteinuria was studied in 11 patients with steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome (10 minimal change nephropathy, one IgM nephropathy) and in four patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome from focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Cyclosporin (mean initial dose 7.7 mg/kg per day) produced a complete remission of proteinuria in 15 nephrotic episodes in the ten patients with minimal-change nephropathy after a mean 14.3 days (range 7-23 days) of therapy. All patients remained in remission while receiving cyclosporin (mean duration of follow-up 147 days; range 40-230 days). However, when cyclosporin was discontinued on nine occasions in five patients, all relapsed after a mean 47.8 days (range 7-180 days). Four of the five patients were subsequently rechallenged with cyclosporin and all responded. Maintenance cyclosporin therapy to prevent relapse was not associated with any adverse effects, and there was no significant difference between the creatinine clearance before and after 30 days of therapy (86.9 +/- 19.3 and 81.7 +/- 23.5 ml/min respectively, P greater than 0.1). The patient with steroid-responsive IgM nephrotic syndrome did not respond to cyclosporin, and there was no significant effect of cyclosporin on proteinuria in the four patients with FSGS. Cyclosporin is an effective agent for the treatment of patients with frequently relapsing minimal-change nephropathy who became steroid dependent when cyclophosphamide is contraindicated. However, unlike cyclophosphamide, long-term remissions which persist after treatment is withdrawn are not obtained, and patients may be said to be cyclosporin dependent. PMID- 3147414 TI - Long-term treatment of minimal-change nephrotic syndrome with cyclosporin: a control biopsy study. AB - Seven patients with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome confirmed by renal biopsy were treated with cyclosporin (CsA). Four patients had frequent relapses and three others had primary steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. Corticosteroids were discontinued as soon as CsA whole blood trough values of 200-500 ng/ml (RIA method) were reached. A full remission, defined as complete disappearance of proteinuria, was achieved in five patients under this treatment. In the two other patients proteinuria was reduced. Two patients experienced an acute episode of dose-dependent nephrotoxicity; however, overall renal function, as determined by the creatinine clearance, was stable. Control biopsies in five patients after a mean treatment period of 10 months showed no significant vascular or interstitial toxicity. PMID- 3147415 TI - Food antigens, IgA-immune complexes and IgA mesangial nephropathy. AB - To investigate whether patients with IgA nephropathy have an exaggerated serum IgA response to ubiquitous food antigens we measured serum IgA antibodies to gliadin, ovalbumin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), beta-lactoglobulin and casein in 120 patients and 53 normal controls, using ELISA. No significant differences were observed between patients and controls in serum IgA antibodies against each of the antigens tested. Moreover, no correlation was found between serum IgA antibodies and IgA-immune complexes (IgA CIC). However, nine patients but no controls had an association of two or more IgA antibodies to dietary antigens. Sixty-six per cent of these patients (vs 24% in the remaining population) had IgA CIC, suggesting a possible involvement of these antibodies in the constitution of IgA CIC. Analysis of sera by HPLC revealed that both monomeric and higher molecular forms of IgA antibodies were present, the latter being coincident with the peak of IgA CIC. Preincubation of sera with serial concentrations of the specific antigen decreased significantly IgA CIC, suggesting that in this subgroup of patients IgA antibodies to food antigens (mainly BSA) are involved in the formation of IgA CIC. BSA-containing IgA CIC were in fact demonstrated by ELISA using rabbit IgG anti-BSA coated plates and peroxidase-conjugated anti human IgA. The role of these CIC in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy needs to be further elucidated. PMID- 3147416 TI - Effect of anti-schistosomal treatment on schistosomal-specific nephropathy. AB - Twenty-one patients with schistosomal-specific nephropathy (18 nephrotics and three with non-nephrotic proteinuria) were given anti-schistosomal treatment (oxamniquine and praziquantel). The schistosomal specificity of the kidney lesions was assessed by the detection of schistosomal-specific antigens (CAA and CCA) and antibodies deposited in the renal glomeruli of these patients. After anti-schistosomal treatment, the patients were followed for clinical and laboratory changes occurring within 12 months. In addition, 15 patients had a second kidney biopsy and the histopathological and the immunopathological findings were compared with those observed in the first biopsy. Based on clinical, laboratory and histopathological evaluations, none of the patients subjected to the study showed regression of the kidney lesion following antischistosomal treatment; in fact three patients showed progression in their lesions, one of them reaching end-stage renal failure. The histopathology of these three cases was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Our data suggest that anti-schistosomal treatment in an established disease state, will not produce remission. PMID- 3147417 TI - Glomerular inflammation: a consequence of sequential challenge of the rat mesangium with particulate macromolecules. AB - Imposil pretreatment (50 mg/100 g bodyweight) of male Sprague-Dawley rate (100 150 g), 24-48 h before an albumin-coated latex challenge resulted 24 h later in markedly reduced mesangial endocytosis of latex, compared with control animals receiving latex-albumin alone. This reduced capacity to ingest latex was associated with increased glomerular infiltration by Ia+ macrophages and mesangial localisation if immunoglobulins and complement C3c. In sharp contrast, pretreatment with albumin-coated latex had little effect on the subsequent mesangial uptake of Imposil. In this reverse situation macrophage infiltration was minimal, immunoglobulin deposition was similar to that in untreated control animals, and C3c was not detectable. Similarly, extending the interval between Imposil pretreatment and albumin-coated latex challenge up to 144h resulted in only minor infiltration by Ia+ macrophages and immunoglobulin localisation without accompanying C3c deposition, even though mesangial latex uptake was still limited. These observations demonstrate the consequences of secondary challenge following mesangial impairment due to a predisposing insult. Glomerular inflammation was dependent upon the timing and nature of the sequential challenge. The results support the concept that mesangial impairment following an initial insult may be a major factor in the predisposition to some forms of human glomerular inflammation. PMID- 3147419 TI - On the mechanisms of haemodialysis-induced neutropenia: a study with five new and re-used membranes. AB - A prospective study was undertaken in 12 haemodialysed patients successively treated on five new as well as re-used dialyser membranes, that is cuprophane, cellulose acetate, polysulphone, polycarbonate, and polyacrylonitrile. A significant reduction of neutrophils occurred with every membrane during their first use, which improved only with cuprophane upon re-use. Thrombocytopenia was noted only when neutropenia reached very low values. Monocyte reduction occurred on cuprophane, cellulose acetate and polycarbonate, but did not improve during second use. C3d accumulation paralleled the time course of neutropenia only with cuprophane and cellulose acetate. Plasma collected at the extreme of neutropenia induced aggregation of control and predialysis cells, but did not aggregate autologous dialysed neutrophils collected at 5 min. Our data indicate that the mechanism linking complement activation to neutropenia is probably triggered by more than one factor. PMID- 3147418 TI - Dialysis arthropathy, beta 2-microglobulin and the effect of dialyser membrane. AB - Patients with dialysis arthropathy had the greatest mean serum beta 2 microglobulin (59.5 mg/l) but there was no threshold concentration of beta 2 microglobulin above which all patients developed dialysis arthropathy. Haemodialysis patients without dialysis arthropathy and patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) also had grossly elevated values of beta 2 microglobulin (47.9 mg/l and 30.7 mg/l respectively). There was a significant positive correlation between duration of treatment and serum beta 2-microglobulin for the patients treated by haemodialysis, but this was not the case for patients on CAPD. There was a significant negative correlation between residual urinary volume and serum beta 2-microglobulin for the patients on haemodialysis without dialysis arthropathy, and also for the patients on CAPD. This was not true for the patients with dialysis arthropathy. Both duration of treatment and residual urine volume correlated with serum beta 2-microglobulin, and therefore an analysis of covariance was used to take account of this in comparing the groups. This showed that there was no difference between serum beta 2-microglobulin in haemodialysis patients with and without dialysis arthropathy. However, CAPD patients had a significantly lower corrected mean serum beta 2-microglobulin. Haemodialysis with cuprophane membranes was associated with an increase in beta 2 microglobulin of 11.5%, whereas haemodialysis with polycarbonate was associated with a decrease of 6.8% at 6 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147420 TI - Beta 2-microglobulin kinetics during haemofiltration. AB - To study the kinetics of beta 2-microglobulin during haemofiltration, seven patients with end-stage renal failure were treated with the AN 69 (acrylonitrile), Duo-Flux (cellulose acetate) and F 60 (polysulphone) haemofilter. Low beta 2-microglobulin sieving coefficients and a highly negative filter mass balance error were observed during the initial phase of treatment with AN 69 but not with Duo-Flux or F 60, indicating a high degree of beta 2 microglobulin adsorption by AN 69. Total removal of beta 2-microglobulin was calculated by addition of the total amount adsorbed by the membrane and the total amount recovered in the collected ultrafiltrate. With AN 69 and F 60, total removal of beta 2-microglobulin amounted to 393 +/- 135 (SD) and 316 +/- 35 mg per treatment, while total removal with Duo-Flux was 242 +/- 79 mg per treatment. Thus, highly permeable membranes such as AN 69 or F 60 used in a haemofiltration mode may nearly balance the presumed generation of beta 2-microglobulin in uraemic patients. During treatment, an increase of the calculated beta 2 microglobulin distribution volume occurred with all three membranes, probably representing extra-to-intracellular water shifts. The water shifts occurring during haemofiltration reduce the value of precision of beta 2-microglobulin kinetics and limit the value of the plasma level decrease as an index of beta 2 microglobulin removal. PMID- 3147421 TI - Evidence for the role of active oxygen in guanidine synthesis in haemodialysis patients and in vitro. AB - This study clarifies the correlation between guanidino compounds and other laboratory findings including peroxidative markers in the sera of patients undergoing regular haemodialysis. The concentration of guanidine, for example, correlates significantly with iron, ferritin, and malondialdehyde. Guanidine is synthesized from various guanidino compounds such as arginine, guanidinoacetic acid, creatinine, creatine, methylguanidine, guanidinosuccinic acid, and canavanine in vitro by the hydroxyl radical. These results suggest that guanidine is synthesized as a result of active oxygen, and demonstrates the importance of guanidine as an indicator of the peroxidative state in patients with uraemia. PMID- 3147422 TI - Outbreak of non-A, non-B hepatitis in centre haemodialysis patients: a retrospective analysis. AB - We reviewed the medical records of 177 patients who at 31 December 1985 had been on dialysis treatment for at least one year. Fifty cases of non-A, non-B hepatitis were found: 33 in 70 patients dialysed at the centre and 17 in 107 outpatients (P less than 0.0001). The difference was not related to blood transfusions but to the high prevalence of non-A, non-B in hospital patients who had not been transfused. The time on dialysis before the onset of non-A, non-B hepatitis became gradually shorter, from an average of 82 months before 1980 to 5.7 months in the patients starting haemodialysis after 1983. At follow-up, 7% of patients had abnormal hepatic enzymes 5 years from the onset of acute illness. The epidemiology of non-A, non-B hepatitis in haemodialysis patients appears to be similar to that of hepatitis B. Apart from blood transfusions, contamination of hospital environmental surfaces seems to be the major route of transmission. Our results strongly support a preventive programme for non-A, non-B hepatitis similar to that for hepatitis B, and a separate section for any patient with suspected non-A, non-B hepatitis must be considered. PMID- 3147423 TI - Topical anaesthesia for fistula cannulation in haemodialysis patients. AB - The use of a local anaesthetic cream (EMLA; Astra) for arteriovenous fistula cannulation was compared to placebo in a double-blind randomised manner in 26 patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis who were currently using injections of lignocaine. The EMLA cream was highly effective compared to placebo (P less than 0.001) on visual analogue and verbal rating scales as well as ease of venepuncture (P less than 0.01). It also gave more pain relief and improved the ease of venepuncture compared to lignocaine injections. Patients expressed a strong preference for the EMLA cream, which has advantages that outweigh the cost and convenience factors. PMID- 3147424 TI - Antiidiotypic activity in sera from sensitised potential transplant recipients. AB - Antiidiotypic activity was determined in non-cytotoxic sera from highly sensitised dialysis patients who previously possessed broad-spectrum lymphocytotoxic antibodies. At least four non-cytotoxic sera from six transfused patients were tested in the short antiidiotypic antibody assay against lymphocytes known to be lysed by cytotoxic sera from the same patient. Of 87 sera/cell combinations studied, antiidiotypic activity was detected in 42 (48%). Antiidiotypic activity was present in IgG fractions and F(ab')2 fragments of two active sera. These results indicate that non-cytotoxic sera from patients who were once highly sensitised possess antiidiotypic activity. Fluctuating levels of lymphocytotoxic antibodies frequently encountered in sera from dialysis patients may be explained at least in part by the development of antiidiotypic antibodies. PMID- 3147425 TI - Immunoglobulin class and specificity of lymphocytotoxic antibodies after kidney transplantation. AB - The immunoglobulin class and specificity of the cytotoxic antibodies were investigated in sera collected during the first weeks following transplantation from 35 patients with functioning and 20 patients with failed grafts. No patient had had cytotoxic antibodies before the transplant, but 71.5% (25 of 35) of patients with functioning and 75% (15 of 20) of patients with failed graft subsequently developed them. The addition of dithiothreitol, which digests IgM antibodies, resulted in the disappearance of cytotoxicity in all positive sera from patients with a functioning graft. However, in the patients with failed grafts, the immunoglobulin class of the antibody varied; seven patients had only IgM antibodies, and seven had both IgM and IgG. After graft nephrectomy, IgG antibodies appeared in another six patients. In five of six patients with functioning grafts, mouse monoclonal antibodies blocked the cytotoxic activity; four with HLA-DQ monoclonal antibodies (Leu 10), one with HLA Class I (GD5). In the patients with failed grafts, blocking was seen in all nine patients studied; eight by GD5, six by Leu 10, and two by a monoclonal antibody to a monomorphic determinant of HLA-DR (100/77). Although the frequency of antibody-positive patients was similar in the successful and failed groups, the immunoglobulin class of the antibodies developed was IgM in the former group, whereas in the latter group some were IgM and others were IgG. Characterisation of the antibodies could be useful in the interpretation of a positive cross-match, since IgG antibodies are damaging to the graft whereas IgM antibodies are not. PMID- 3147426 TI - Is there a therapeutic range for monitoring plasma cyclosporin in renal allograft recipients? AB - Sixty-two consecutive adult cadaveric renal allograft recipients have been monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography estimations of trough plasma cyclosporin (CsA) concentrations within 30 days of transplantation. The CsA estimations during graft rejection (mean + 1 SD 218.6 + 126.4 ng/ml) were not significantly different from those obtained during stable renal function (232.3 + 172.8 ng/ml), whereas the estimations during episodes of nephrotoxicity (476.0 + 267.3 ng/ml) were significantly greater (P less than 0.001). During stable renal function 73.7% of estimations were within the therapeutic range of 100-350 ng/ml. However, 37.9% of estimations during nephrotoxicity and 76.7% of estimations during rejection episodes were also within this range. The therapeutic window for trough plasma CsA estimations is not clearly defined. It seems that rejection episodes may occur at apparently adequate CsA concentrations, and although most nephrotoxic episodes are associated with elevated concentrations, acute nephrotoxicity may occur at apparently therapeutic values. However, in this study, some patients at risk of nephrotoxicity within 30 days of transplantation were identified as early as 7 days post-transplantation by the simple determination of the mean trough CsA concentration for days 1-7. PMID- 3147428 TI - Hypophosphataemia and reversible neurological dysfunction in a patient subjected to combined renal and pancreatic transplantation. PMID- 3147427 TI - Erosive osteoarthropathy associated with beta 2-microglobulin amyloidosis in a uraemic patient treated exclusively by long-term haemofiltration with biocompatible membranes. PMID- 3147429 TI - Severe hyperkalaemia, hyperchloraemia, hyporeninaemia and hyperaldosteronism in a cyclosporin-treated renal-transplant patient. PMID- 3147430 TI - Analysis of data in nephrology. VI. The generalised linear model. AB - This is the last of six articles describing how to choose the appropriate statistical test to look for relationships between two variables. It shows that when the response variable is dichotomous and the explanatory variable is continuous it may not be appropriate to carry out a t-test. Some comments are made on extending the tests considered to more complex situations. PMID- 3147431 TI - Increased tubular secretion of creatinine after a meat meal. PMID- 3147432 TI - Time-averaged concentration--time-averaged deviation: a new concept in mathematical assessment of dialysis adequacy. PMID- 3147433 TI - Plasma nitroglycerin levels, blood pressure and apical heart rate variations to site of application of nitroglycerin ointment. AB - The purpose of this study was to observe changes in plasma nitroglycerin levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and apical heart rate after the administration of nitroglycerin ointment to selected sites. The sample consisted of 15 subjects with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease. The four application sites used were the fifth intercostal space of the left anterior chest, medial aspect of the left upper arm, medial aspect of the left thigh, and medial aspect of the left lower leg. There was no statistically significant difference in plasma nitroglycerin levels and diastolic blood pressure to site of application. Mean systolic blood pressure was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) for the upper arm and anterior chest sites than for the thigh and ankle at both 75 and 90 minutes. Mean heart rate was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) for the anterior chest than for the ankle at 45 and 60 minutes. PMID- 3147434 TI - bcr-abl oncogene renders myeloid cell line factor independent: potential autocrine mechanism in chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a chromosome translocation has fused the bcr gene to the c-abl oncogene, such that a chimeric bcr-abl polypeptide can be made. To explore the biological properties of bcr-abl and compare them with those of the Abelson virus (AMuLV) transforming gene (gag-v-abl), we have used either a synthetic bcr-v-abl gene that mimics the translocation product or, in some experiments, a bcr-c-abl cDNA. A new retroviral vector was used to introduce the genes into the factor-dependent myeloid line FDC-P1. Both bcr-abl and v-abl efficiently rendered the myeloid cells factor independent and tumorigenic. Their fully autonomous growth may be due to the myeloid growth factor interleukin-3 (IL 3) made in small amounts by the infected cells. Hence autocrine factor production may feature in CML development and Abelson virus transformation. PMID- 3147435 TI - Induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta and interferon-gamma mRNA by interleukin 2 in murine lymphocytic cell lines. AB - We have investigated genes regulated by interleukin-2 (IL2) in the murine lymphocytic cell line CTLL-2 by differential screening of a cDNA library. One of the clones we have identified is a partial cDNA of tumor necrosis factor-beta, (TNF-beta), a gene previously shown to be expressed in response to lymphocyte activation. This led us to investigate the regulation by IL2 of TNF-alpha, TNF beta, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA. In two murine lymphocytic cell lines all three genes are induced during the primary response to IL2. This regulation of lymphokine expression by IL2 is correlated with cell proliferation and not with the cytotoxic activity. As activated T lymphocytes express receptors to both TNF and IFN-gamma, our observation raises the possibility that these lymphokines are involved in an autocrine regulation of cytotoxic lymphocytes proliferation. PMID- 3147436 TI - ECoG results in perilymphatic fistula: clinical and experimental studies. AB - Patients with perilymphatic fistula have been described as having symptoms similar to Meniere's disease and endolymphatic hydrops. Direct clinical or experimental evidence linking the two inner ear disorders has been lacking. An enhancement of the summating potential observed with electrocochleography suggests a diagnosis of ELH in both of these inner ear disorders. In this study, ECoG results of 27 patients with surgically confirmed PLF are reported. Fourteen patients with surgically confirmed spontaneous PLF had abnormal ECoG. Six of these 14 patients had normal hearing. The ECoG changes in patients with Meniere's disease and those with surgically confirmed PLF are identical, indicating the underlying pathologic change in both is hydrops. But there is no specific diagnostic abnormality on ECoG that differentiates these two inner ear disorders. Also, an experimental model of PLF was developed and studied in guinea pigs. "Inactive" PLF is defined as "an opening was made into the cochlea, but if no perilymph moved out through the fistula, it was defined as inactive" An "active" PLF occurs when perilymph actually moves from the inner ear out to the middle ear. ECoGs were recorded before and after creation of an "active" PLF. ECoG abnormalities were seen in "active" PLF and correlated with histologic data demonstrating ELH. An abnormally enhanced summating potential was demonstrated after active removal of perilymph through the experimentally created fistula. Cochlear duct histology showed hydropic distention of Reissner's membrane in the experimental ears and no changes in the membranous labyrinths of the unoperated, control ears.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147437 TI - Intracranial and intratemporal meningiomas with primary otologic symptoms. AB - Intratemporal extensions of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) meningiomas are unusual and primary intratympanic meningiomas are extremely rare. The initial symptoms of both types are otologic. The presenting symptoms of even large meningiomas of the cerebellopontine angle can also be otologic. In this article we report the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of five CPA meningiomas, three combined intratemporal and CPA meningiomas, and one primary intratympanic meningioma. PMID- 3147438 TI - Deep spread patterns in CT staging of T2-4 squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma. AB - In addition to clinical examination and less sophisticated radiographic techniques, high-resolution computerized tomography (CT) can help to stage squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. This study was undertaken to identify findings on CT scans that might predict the likelihood of radiation therapy (RT) alone, controlling the primary site disease without significant irradiation related complications. Of 30 patients with T2-4 cancers of the larynx, 13 were classified as favorable and 17 were classified as unfavorable candidates for RT based on the CT criteria of transglottic spread, more than 25% pre-epiglottic space involvement, extensive paralaryngeal space spread, or cartilage involvement. Seven of 17 (41%) unfavorable patients had local recurrences, two are alive with cancer, three patients are dead of disease (DOD), and five had significant complication, but there was no evidence of recurrent cancer. In the favorable group, there were two local recurrences (15%), one distant metastasis, one patient is DOD, and one had a significant complication, but no recurrent cancer. These data may be used to more adequately select and inform patients with T2-4 squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx before RT. PMID- 3147439 TI - Laryngeal reflex mechanism during deglutition--observation of subglottal pressure and afferent discharge. AB - In this investigation, particular attention was paid to elucidate the laryngeal reflex mechanism of protective closure and the sensory function of the larynx during deglutition. For this purpose, three different experimental procedures were adopted: (1) subglottal pressure of felines was measured during deglutition using a pressure transducer; (2) subglottal pressure of human beings was measured during deglutition using a pressure transducer; and (3) afferent discharges from superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves of felines were recorded. The following conclusions appear justified. (1) Feline and human subglottal pressure during deglutition showed the following pattern. The pressure rises with onset of deglutition, temporarily drops during laryngeal elevation, rises again during the downward movement of the larynx, and drops again at the end of the glutition. This pattern was not affected by the resection of the unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve. (2) The superior laryngeal nerve is involved in the sensory function of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea. At least two types of afferent discharges from superficial and internal sensory nerves are suspected. Afferent discharges from the recurrent laryngeal nerves in the larynx and trachea are not as distinct as those of the superior laryngeal nerve, and this seems to correspond with various changes in the thorax. During deglutition, afferent discharges were recorded from superior to recurrent laryngeal nerves. PMID- 3147440 TI - Why do vestibular destructive procedures sometimes fail? AB - Vestibular nerve specimens and one temporal bone, from patients with vestibular symptoms after destructive surgery on the vestibular system, were studied by light microscopy. Surviving nerve axons in three specimens that followed retrolabyrinthine vestibular nerve section (RLVNS) were counted and compared to normative data. Results are consistent with persistence of the central processes of primary vestibular neurons in three specimens from patients who had persistent symptoms and ice-water caloric responses after RLVNS. Incomplete neurectomy probably results from anatomic variations in the plane of separation of the vestibular and cochlear portions of the eighth nerve in the posterior fossa. Regeneration neuromas were found in the vestibule after a complete transmastoid labyrinthectomy and a Fick sacculotomy; this indicates that wide degrees of injury to the labyrinth may provoke this response. Disabling unsteadiness after labyrinthectomy may or may not respond to revision surgery (translabyrinthine vestibular nerve section). The indications for revision surgery are discussed. The excision of Scarpa's ganglion by the translabyrinthine route offers the best chance to ensure complete removal of peripheral vestibular tissue, minimize postoperative unsteadiness, and prevent neuroma formation. PMID- 3147441 TI - Problems with reoperation of the parotid gland and facial nerve. AB - The decision as to how to handle recurrent benign disease in the parotid gland can be a perplexing problem. It may cover the gamut of clinical observation, through conservative surgery to radical ablation. The situation is a balance between the nature of the biological process, the possibility of cure or control, and the status of the facial nerve. These problems can be exceptionally difficult in analysis and philosophical management, and are frequently pinioned between technical craftsmanship, curability, and deformity. An understanding, however, of the variety of possibilities--and particularly their relationship to the facial nerve--will help to position these cases within the realm of surgical reality. A new technique of interfascicular dissection is proposed in certain instances. PMID- 3147442 TI - The CT findings of acute thyroiditis and acute suppurative thyroiditis. AB - Although acute thyroiditis often has a distinctive clinical presentation, this relatively uncommon entity can occasionally be confused with other inflammatory processes. In general, the earlier the diagnosis of acute thyroiditis is established, the lower is the frequency and severity of its attendant complications. Computed tomography (CT) is an extremely useful modality in establishing the diagnosis early because it can evaluate iodine content of the thyroid gland and provides more accurate mapping than ultrasound and nuclear medicine techniques. Three patients with acute thyroiditis--two with suppuration- are presented and the CT findings and clinical aspects of this disease are reviewed. PMID- 3147443 TI - Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the inner ear. AB - The majority of temporal bone radiographic studies are obtained either for middle ear and mastoid disease or in the evaluation of retrocochlear pathology. With recent technologic advances, diagnostic imaging of the inner ear has developed an increasing role in the evaluation and management of diseases that affect the cochlea, semicircular canals, and the vestibular and cochlear aqueducts. High resolution computed tomography (CT) provides excellent detail of the osseous labyrinth, whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) generates images derived from the membranous labyrinth and its associated neural elements. Optimal techniques for obtaining high quality CT and MRI images of the normal and diseased inner ear are presented. CT has proved useful in the evaluation of inner ear malformations, cochlear otosclerosis, labyrinthine fistulization from cholesteatoma, translabyrinthine fractures, otic capsule osteodystrophies, in the assessment of cochlear patency before cochlear implantation, and in the localization of prosthetic devices such as stapes wires and cochlear implants. While MRI produces discernible images of the soft tissue and fluid components of the inner ear, it has yet to demonstrate any unique advantages in the evaluation of inner ear disease. However, MRI produces excellent and highly useful images of the audiovestibular and facial nerves, cerebellopontine angle, and brain. PMID- 3147444 TI - Occult medullary carcinoma of the thyroid presenting as neck and parapharyngeal metastases. PMID- 3147445 TI - Restoration of the mandible and condylar head. PMID- 3147446 TI - Subcutaneous fat necrosis in infancy. PMID- 3147447 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the lacrimal sac. PMID- 3147448 TI - Choristomas of the intraoral soft tissues. AB - Choristomas are rare lesions of the head and neck and may be composed of various types of tissue whose only similarity is their close association in fetal development. We present a case of a cartilaginous choristoma that was successfully treated by surgical excision. Choristomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of any lesion in the oral cavity--especially the tongue. PMID- 3147449 TI - Worse before it gets better? PMID- 3147450 TI - Cost and competition: twin spectres. PMID- 3147452 TI - Immunochemical approach for the characterization of DNA damages induced by chemical carcinogens. AB - Mouse monoclonal antibody was elicited with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) modified poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) and was characterized using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay. The antibody reacted specifically for 4NQO-poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) but not for 4NQO modified DNA and synthetic polynucleotides such as poly(dG).poly(dC). The antibody crossreacted slightly with brominated or N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene modified poly(dG-dC).poly(dG dC) known to adopt Z-conformation. The antibody may recognize unique conformational change in poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) modified by 4NQO. The antibody should be useful for the detection of conformational change in DNA induced by chemical carcinogens. PMID- 3147451 TI - Two-dimensional NMR analyses of dynamic structures of tRNA and the regulation of codon recognition by post-transcriptional modifications. AB - By two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) spectroscopy, we analyzed dynamic structures of various tRNA species from Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Proton resonances due to the anticodon of the tRNA molecules were unambiguously identified by NOESY and 2D-HOHAHA techniques. Thus, it was found that rigidity/flexibility of the two types of modified uridines in the first position of the anticodon were certainly related with the codon recognition properties of the tRNA species. PMID- 3147453 TI - [Hydrochloric acid and pepsin secretion in surgically treated patients with cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 3147454 TI - Hypothalamic peptides affect the ratios of GH and PRL cells: role of cell division. AB - In the present study, we attempted to ascertain whether the differential effects of hypothalamic peptides (GRF, LHRH, CRF, TRH) on the proportions of GH and PRL secreting cells in culture were dependent upon cell proliferation. This was accomplished by chronically exposing rat pituitary cells to selected hypothalamic peptides in the presence or absence of cytosine arabinoside (an inhibitor of cell proliferation) and then measuring hormone release by plaque assays. Our results suggest that the effects of these peptides on the percentages of GH and PRL cells are manifest via both proliferation-dependent and proliferation-independent mechanisms. PMID- 3147455 TI - Propranolol and methylatropine antagonize the cardiovascular effects produced by microinjection of the TRH analog MK-771 into the preoptic suprachiasmatic nucleus. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has been shown to increase heart rate as well as blood pressure when administered into rat brain. The present study investigated the mechanism by which the TRH analog MK-771 produces these effects when injected into the preoptic suprachiasmatic nucleus (POSC). MK-771, at a dose of 125 pmol (50 ng), produced significant increases in both heart rate and blood pressure. These effects occurred within 5 minutes of microinjection and lasted approximately 20-30 minutes. Pretreatment with either the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol or the muscarinic antagonist methylatropine, administered into the POSC, significantly altered the response produced by MK-771. Propranolol, at a dose of 7 nmol, and methylatropine at a dose of 0.5 nmol, significantly inhibited the tachycardia produced by MK-771. In addition, methylatropine, at a dose of 0.5 nmol, significantly reduced the increase in diastolic pressure produced by the TRH agonist. These results are consistent with the idea that TRH agonists, when administered centrally, produce cardiovascular alterations through the autonomic nervous system. PMID- 3147456 TI - Comparison of antiepileptic action of valproate and ethosuximide in adult and immature rats. AB - The antiepileptic action of ethosuximide and valproate was studied in immature rats in the pentetrazole (PTZ) model. Valproate antagonized the effect of PTZ in rats of all ages, while ethosuximide was effective only in rats of 25 or more days of age: in 18 day old rats it modified the PTZ seizure pattern and was ineffective in younger animals or only slightly affected the PTZ seizure pattern. Similarly, the ECoG studies have shown that valproate antagonizes PTZ action at all ages, while ethosuximide only in mature rats. PMID- 3147457 TI - New aspects in the pharmacology of kindling implications for mechanism of of action in kindling. AB - Kindling is a long-lasting, transsynaptic, pathway-specific plastic change in brain function. It has been proposed as a model of neural plasticity, learning and memory, as well as a model of epilepsy. To elucidate the action of substances characterized by their ability to improve learning and memory and to have an activatory, protective and function restoring effect on nerve cells in distress, the effects of nootropic drugs and of antioxidative acting substances on the development of kindling and the seizure behavior in the kindled state were investigated. Nootropic drugs suppress the development of pentetrazol (PTZ)- and amygdala-kindling and possess anticonvulsive potency preferentially in kindled rats. In comparison to amygdala-kindling the substances were found to be more effective against PTZ-kindled seizures. Chemically different antioxidants in doses known to scavenge free radicals suppress markedly the development of kindling and possess anticonvulsant potency in chemically and electrically kindled rats. The results provide arguments in favor of functional alterations of transmission relevant membrane processes with structural and functional reorganization of membrane constituents and lead to the assumption that the changes mainly in part rest on a selective and focal involvement of free radicals. It is proposed that enhanced calcium entry into neurons and consequent biochemical alterations connected with a focal increase in free radicals is part of the mechanisms underlying kindling phenomenon. PMID- 3147458 TI - Lack of an effect of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens on intravenous morphine self-administration. AB - The neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), has been used to selectively destroy dopamine containing neurons in discrete brain regions. Lesions of the nucleus accumbens with this neurotoxin decrease or eliminate cocaine and amphetamine self administration and either increase or do not affect opiate self-administration in rats with unrestricted access to food and water. This study reports the effects of 6-OHDA lesions of the nucleus accumbens on responding maintained by food, water or morphine (3.3 mg/infusion). Six male rats with continuous access to three response levers were trained on a concurrent chained, fixed-ratio 1, fixed ratio 9 schedule of reinforcer presentation. After stable patterns of responding were maintained by the three reinforcers, dose-effect curves for morphine were determined by substituting other doses of morphine or vehicle for 24-hour periods. Bilateral sham vehicle or 6-OHDA lesions of the nucleus accumbens were then completed and the effects of the lesion on food, water and morphine intake determined. Dose-effect evaluations were repeated after the lesion. The 6-OHDA lesions did not significantly affect responding maintained by food, water or morphine. The absence of an effect is most likely not the result of an insensitive baseline since other neurotoxin lesions produce long-term and selective decrements in morphine self-administration without affecting food and water responding. Like so many other manipulations, the magnitude of the effect that a neurotoxin lesion can exert on behavior may depend on the specific procedures that are used to maintain responding. PMID- 3147460 TI - Effects of ritanserin on the rewarding properties of d-amphetamine, morphine and diazepam revealed by conditioned place preference in rats. AB - The possibility that 5-HT2 receptors mediate the reinforcing properties of d amphetamine, morphine and diazepam was investigated in rats, using ritanserin, a 5-HT2 antagonist, and the conditioned place preference paradigm. Ritanserin 1 or 2.5 mg/kg did not cause place conditioning. Place preference induced by 1.5 mg/kg d-amphetamine and 2 mg/kg morphine was inhibited and attenuated respectively by pretreatment with 2.5 mg/kg ritanserin. Diazepam- (1 mg/kg) induced place preference was completely blocked by both doses of ritanserin. Ritanserin pretreatment failed to influence amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion, morphine induced analgesia and diazepam-induced increased open arm exploration of rats on the elevated plus maze. These data are discussed in terms of (a) the possibility that serotoninergic mechanisms have a role in mediating reinforcement and (b) the relationship between appetitive properties and specific behavioral effects of psychostimulants, opiates and anxiolytics. PMID- 3147461 TI - Clonidine hyperphagia: neuroanatomic substrates and specific function. AB - Recent studies have indicated that the alpha 2-noradrenergic agonist clonidine (CLON), when peripherally and centrally administered, potentiates feeding in satiated rats in a manner similar to that observed following injection of norepinephrine (NE) into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The present experiments examined the effects of CLON on meal patterns and macronutrient selection and compared these findings to earlier NE-stimulated feeding studies. Administration of CLON (25 nmoles), directly into the PVN (n = 5), similar to PVN injected NE, produced an increase in meal size (190%) and feeding duration (164%), with no change in meal frequency. Additional tests were conducted in rats with PVN electrolytic or 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. In Sham rats (n = 16) peripheral CLON (0.05 mg/kg), like NE, produced an increase in food intake and particularly potentiated carbohydrate ingestion. Discrete electrolytic lesions of the PVN (n = 5) abolished this CLON-induced feeding and carbohydrate preference, suggesting that the PVN may be a primary site for CLON-stimulated hyperphagia. Neurotoxin lesions of the PVN (n = 17), which reduced PVN NE levels by 75%, failed to alter peripheral CLON-induced feeding. This and other evidence indicates that this agonist may be acting via postsynaptic alpha 2 receptors in the PVN to potentiate carbohydrate intake, rather than via presynaptic release of NE from nerve endings in the PVN. PMID- 3147459 TI - On the role of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle in learning and habituation to novelty. AB - In Experiment 1, the performance of vehicle control rats and rats with 6 hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle (DB) was examined in acquisition and extinction of bar pressing and in spontaneous and food-reinforced alternation in a T-shape maze. Plasma corticosterone levels in basal conditions, after chronic food restriction, after transportation to a novel environment, and after sessions of either rewarded or nonrewarded bar pressing were assayed. DB lesions produced a significant decrease of spontaneous alternation and a significant but small resistance to extinction, without reliably altering either corticosterone responses or instrumental spatial alternation. In Experiment 2, bar-press extinction and instrumental alternation were reexamined in new groups of control rats and rats with DB lesions without any blood collection procedures. The DB lesions did not reliably alter either behaviors on any measures. Taken together, these data indicate no consistent effects of forebrain noradrenaline depletion on either extinction or spatial memory or pituitary-adrenocortical function. However, the impairment of spontaneous alternation found in a previous study was confirmed. These findings are discussed in terms of the proposed roles of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle in learning and habituation to novelty. PMID- 3147462 TI - Effects of hypothermia on thyrotropin-releasing hormone content in the rat brain. AB - The thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) content in the brain was determined in normothermic and hypothermic rats subjected to immobilization stress. TRH contents in the hypothalamus, midbrain and cerebral cortex significantly decreased during mild hypothermia (body temperature about 34 degrees C), but not during profound hypothermia (about 24 degrees C). The decreases in the TRH content during mild hypothermia were readily reversed by rewarming the animal. These results indicate that cerebral TRH is involved in the response to a mild body temperature drop when the animal is exposed to a cold environment. PMID- 3147463 TI - Flumazenil oral absorption in dogs. AB - Flumazenil is rapidly absorbed after oral or gastric fistula administration to the dog reaching peak plasma concentrations in about an hour. Plasma level decrease rapidly thereafter reaching barely detectable levels by four hours. The onset of signs of flumazenil precipitated abstinence in diazepam-dependent dogs is well correlated with the rise of flumazenil plasma levels, however, precipitated abstinence seizures occur when plasma levels have markedly decreased. Oral dosing is a more efficient way of administering flumazenil than gastric fistula dosing. PMID- 3147464 TI - Dihydroergocristine and memory alterations of aged male rats. AB - The ergot alkaloid derivative dihydroergocristine (DHECS) was injected acutely or subchronically to aged male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain, 26 months old, at the dose of 0.05 or 0.1 mg/kg. Learning and memory ability of the animals were studied with tests of avoidance behavior. The acquisition of active avoidance behavior was studied with the shuttle-box and pole-jumping tasks. In the latter, the extinction of active avoidance behavior was also studied. A step-through type of passive avoidance task was used to examine the retention of passive avoidance responses. The acquisition of the active avoidance behavior and the retention of the passive avoidance response were reduced in aged animals as compared to those of young animals. Acute treatment of old rats with DHECS was followed by a facilitation of acquisition of active avoidance behavior in the shuttle box and of retention of passive avoidance responses in the dark box. The effect on the acquisition and extinction of pole-jumping behavior after a single injection of DHECS at the beginning of the acquisition session was restricted to the first acquisition trial. A more potent effect on the acquisition of the shuttle-box behavior and on the retention of passive avoidance reaction was found in animals treated subchronically with the ergot derivative (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg for 10 days). These rats also showed a facilitation of acquisition and an inhibition of extinction of pole jumping behavior. PMID- 3147465 TI - Modulation of prostacyclin synthetase by cicletanine and drugs which affect ion transport. AB - Cicletanine, a drug which affects membrane ion transport, induces a marked increase of the liberation of PGI2 as demonstrated by the increase of the stable metabolites in the plasma following intravenous administration of arachidonic acid. Furthermore, the inhibiting effect of tranylcypromine on prostacyclin synthetase is completely removed by this pharmacon. These observations are suggestive that this drug presents a scope for treatment of thrombotic disorders as well as hypertension. PMID- 3147466 TI - Eicosanoid synthesis and atherosclerosis. PMID- 3147468 TI - The antiemetic drug trimethobenzamide prevents hypophagia due to acetyl salicylate, but not to 5-HT1B or 5-HT1C agonists. AB - Pretreatment with the antiemetic agent trimethobenzamide (TMB) prevented the hypophagic response of rats to acetyl salicylate (a known emetic in man and dogs). However, it did not affect the hypophagic responses to the 5-HT1B agonist RU24969, or to the 5-HT1C/5-HT1B agonists mCPP and TFMPP. The results therefore suggest that the hypophagic effects of the 5-HT agonists do not involve a malaise dependent mechanism similar to that mediating the effect of acetyl salicylate. PMID- 3147467 TI - Hyperglycemic suppression of morphine withdrawal signs in the rat. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats maintained under controlled lighting and temperature conditions were used in this experiment. Morphine dependency was induced by giving increasing doses of morphine by intraperitoneal injection (IP group) or by the ingestion of morphine through drinking water (PO group). Animals were injected with 10, 20, 30 and 50 mg/kg morphine sulfate at days 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Another group of animals received increasing concentrations of morphine through drinking water from 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 to 0.4 mg/ml at 48 h intervals. Morphine dependent animals were given naloxone by the intraperitoneal route to precipitate withdrawal. Glucose (3 g/kg or 10 g/kg) was given 10 min prior to the administration of naloxone to the respective groups. Another two groups of animals were made diabetic by the administration of streptozotocin. In one group, animals received increasing concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 50 mg/kg morphine sulfate by the IP route at days 1, 2, 3 and 4, while the other group was not treated with morphine but was assessed for withdrawal signs to serve as the control. Withdrawal signs were assessed by observing the presence of diarrhea, tremor, piloerection, hunchbacked posture, teeth chattering, salivation, erection, restless activity, territorial exploring, irritability to handling, vocalization and jumping. Results obtained indicate that glucose administration at 10 g/kg abolished most of the withdrawal signs, and we were unable to induce the same degree of morphine dependency in diabetic animals as compared to the non diabetic groups. It was concluded from this study that hyperglycemia could suppress morphine withdrawal signs. PMID- 3147469 TI - Additive effects of clonidine and antidepressant drugs in the mouse forced swimming test. AB - In the mouse forced-swimming model, dose-dependent reversal of immobility was induced by the alpha-agonist clonidine given IP 30 min before testing. In addition, three preferential inhibitors of 5-HT uptake (citalopram, indalpine and fluvoxamine) had similar activity in the dose range 8-16 mg/kg as did the 5-HT1 agonist 8-OH-DPAT (1-4 mg/kg). Pretreatment with alpha-methyl-paratyrosine (100 mg/kg) did not prevent clonidine (1 mg/kg) action, suggesting that there was mediation by alpha post-junctional receptors. The effect of clonidine was unaltered by prazosin (2 mg/kg) and reversed by yohimbine (4 mg/kg) and 5-MeODMT (1 mg/kg), whereas it was potentiated by reserpine (2.5 mg/kg), methysergide (2 mg/kg) and ketanserin (8 mg/kg). Moreover, an ineffective dose of clonidine (0.06 mg/kg at 45 min pre-testing) made active subthreshold doses of various antidepressants (given at 30 min pre-testing): imipramine (4 mg/kg), amitriptyline (1 mg/kg), maprotiline (8 mg/kg), citalopram (2 mg/kg), indalpine, fluvoxamine and mianserin (4 mg/kg), viloxazine (2 mg/kg). Similar interactions were found with iprindole and nialamide (32 mg/kg), which were inactive alone up to 64 mg/kg, and 8-OH-DPAT (0.5 mg/kg) but not with major and minor tranquillizers. It is suggested that one effect of antidepressants might be the triggering of different relationships between alpha-2 and 5-HT mechanisms. PMID- 3147470 TI - Tolerance and selective cross-tolerance to the motivational effects of opioids. AB - The issue of whether tolerance develops to the motivational effects of opioids was addressed by use of an unbiased place preference conditioning procedure. Administration of the mu-opioid agonists morphine or fentanyl produced dose related preferences for the drug-associated place in control rats. In contrast, the kappa-opioid agonist, U-69593 produced conditioned place aversions. Non contingent administration of morphine (5.0 mg/kg/12 h) for 4 days prior to conditioning resulted in tolerance to its reinforcing effects, and cross tolerance to the effects of fentanyl. No cross-tolerance to the motivational effects of the psychostimulant d-amphetamine or the kappa-opioid agonist U-69593 was observed. Chronic administration of U-69593 prior to conditioning produced tolerance to its aversive effects. This treatment did not, however, modify the reinforcement produced by morphine. These data demonstrate that tolerance develops to both the reinforcing and aversive properties of opioids and suggest that differential cross-tolerance may provide a useful method for determining the pharmacological basis underlying drug-induced motivational effects. PMID- 3147471 TI - Potential interactions between GABAb and cholinergic systems: baclofen augments scopolamine-induced performance deficits in the eight-arm radial maze. AB - Sixteen male Fischer-344N rats were trained on a eight-arm radial maze task for food reinforcement. The effects of various doses of baclofen (1.25 or 2.50 mg/kg) and scopolamine (0.188, 0.375, and 0.750 mg/kg) were determined alone and in combination. Relative to vehicle controls, baclofen alone did not affect performance in the radial arm maze (number correct in the first eight responses, total errors) or the time required to complete the maze. Scopolamine alone decreased the number of correct responses in the first eight arm choices, while increasing both the number of errors and the time necessary to complete the maze. When the two drugs were co-administered, baclofen had no effect on the number of errors or time required to complete the maze in the presence of scopolamine; however, in combination with the high dose of scopolamine, it significantly increased the number of errors made during the first eight choices. Baclofen thus can exacerbate some radial arm maze dificits produced by an anticholinergic drug. In a subsequent experiment to test the interaction between scopolamine and baclofen using a nonlearned behavior, baclofen (1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg) did not affect motor activity, whereas all doses of scopolamine (0.188-0.75 mg/kg) increased activity. The higher dose of baclofen attenuated scopolamine-induced hypermotility by 50%, but the lower dose of baclofen was not effective. These data demonstrate pharmacological interactions between baclofen, a drug used clinically for spaticity, and a drug having anticholinergic properties. PMID- 3147473 TI - The chlordiazepoxide/pentylenetetrazol discrimination: characterization of drug interactions and homeostatic responses to drug challenges. AB - Rats were trained to discriminate chlordiazepoxide (CDP) from pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) in a two-lever food motivated discrimination task. Training drug doses were adjusted until subjects emitted approximately 50% of their responses on each of the two drug-appropriate levers during saline injection tests. Tests that followed injection of CDP/PTZ combinations illustrated a reciprocal antagonism between the two drugs. Saline-injection tests that followed large dose injections of CDP revealed a period of predominantly PTZ-appropriate responding that persisted after the initial period of predominantly CDP-appropriate responding. These data are interpreted to suggest that, unlike some other drugs that have been shown to antagonize the behavioral and CNS effects of benzodiazepines, the interoceptive stimulus generated by PTZ occupies a position opposite to that of CDP along some single affective continuum. In addition, these data suggest that drug/drug (DD) discriminations are capable of characterizing the interactions between training drugs. Finally, the data suggest that the CDP/PTZ discrimination is a sensitive detector of bidirectional shifts in interoceptive stimulus state along the CDP/PTZ continuum. PMID- 3147472 TI - Clonidine infusions into the locus coeruleus attenuate behavioral and neurochemical changes associated with naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. AB - Clonidine, an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist, suppresses signs of opiate withdrawal in animals and in man. Electrical or chemical stimulation of the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) increases noradrenergic activity and brain concentration of the noradrenergic metabolite MHPG, and produces many signs of opiate withdrawal. Thus, clonidine's ability to attenuate withdrawal might be due to the reduction of noradrenergic neuronal activity originating in the LC, but additional alpha-2 adrenergic receptors throughout the body and other mechanisms may also play a role. The present study explored the neuroanatomical and pharmacological selectivity of alpha-2-adrenergic receptors of the LC in the anti-withdrawal action of clonidine. Experiment 1 tested the hypothesis that behavioral and biochemical measures of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal from morphine would be blocked by infusions of clonidine (0.6 or 2.4 micrograms/microliters) into the LC. Significant reductions were observed in the occurrence of diarrhea, ptosis, weight loss and wet-dog shakes. Clonidine also reversed the naloxone-precipitated increase in hippocampus MHPG concentration. In experiment 2 subjects received an LC infusion or IP injection of a non-lipophilic alpha-2-agonist (ST-91), which does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, or of clonidine into the dorsal parabrachial nucleus (DPB) to test the selectivity of the effects of clonidine infusions into the LC. ST-91 infusions into the LC reduced several of the observed withdrawal signs and increased others (e.g., jumping). Although peripheral injections of ST-91 attenuated some of the checked signs associated with naloxone-precipitated withdrawal, the frequency of wet-dog shakes was not reduced. ST-91 infusions into the LC, but not systemic ST-91 administration, prevented the withdrawal-induced increase in hippocampus MHPG concentration. Clonidine infused lateral to the LC into the DPB did not significantly attenuate withdrawal or reduce hippocampus MHPG levels. These results provide behavioral and biochemical evidence to support the suggestion that clonidine significantly attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal through an interaction with noradrenergic neurons located in the vicinity of the LC. PMID- 3147474 TI - Effects of pimozide, across doses and within sessions, on discriminated lever release performance in rats. AB - By using either water or food reinforcement, rats were trained to perform a discriminated lever release task (DLR), which required the rat to hold an operant lever in the closed position through one of five randomly presented foreperiods (2-6 s) and to release the lever within 0.5 s of the onset of a light discriminative stimulus. The procedure is analogous to the method used in human reaction time studies, except that here the procedure was free-operant, not fixed trial. The effects of pimozide (0.12, 0.25, and 0.50 mg/kg) on this behavior were evaluated in terms of numbers of total responses, reinforced responses (successful releases), anticipatory responses, and extended responses (holding too long). Significant dose-dependent decreases in total responses and in reinforced responses were seen as supporting the hypothesis of a deficit in response initiation, which is often invoked to account for neuroleptic-induced reductions in discriminated active avoidance. Pimozide also increased the proportion of extended responses, suggesting that the drug affected the nature of responding as well as the tendency to respond. In the DLR task, pimozide produced substantial within-session decrements in both total responses and number of reinforced responses; however, extended responses exhibited within-session increases at the lowest dose. The results were discussed from both behavioral and pharmacological perspectives. The former emphasized motor effects and response initiation deficits, while the latter jointly considered neuronal responses to neuroleptic challenge and the dopamine release that results from behavioral activity itself. PMID- 3147475 TI - "Paradoxical" analgesia induced by naloxone and naltrexone. AB - Analgesic effects of pellet implantation of the opiate antagonists naloxone and naltrexone and of chronic administration of naloxone by subcutaneous injection were examined. Rats were implanted with a slow-release pellet containing 10 mg naloxone or 10 mg naltrexone and tested for paw-lick latency on a hotplate apparatus. Controls were implanted with placebo pellets or given saline injections as appropriate. There were five test trials at intervals up to 72 h after implantation of naloxone and up to 120 h after the implantation of naltrexone. In a separate experiment, 5 mg/kg naloxone was injected; there were single trials on 5 consecutive days. All drug-treated animals displayed clear and substantial analgesia by their second test trial. This "paradoxical" analgesia was gradually reversed in the pellet-implant groups as tissue levels of the antagonists declined, but increased progressively with each trial involving injections. It was hypothesized that blockade of endogenous opiates by antagonists resulted in a form of "super-pain" on the hotplate, which in turn activated a normally redundant "backup" analgesic system. The results with naloxone injections show that unlike opiate-mediated analgesia, this hypothetical system is resistant to tolerance. PMID- 3147476 TI - Effects of nimodipine on the discriminative stimulus properties of d-amphetamine in rats. AB - The discriminative stimulus (DS) properties of d-amphetamine (AMP) are thought to be mediated by enhanced release of catecholamines, which may involve neuronal calcium influx through voltage sensitive channels. The present study examined the influence of nimodipine, a calcium channel blocker, on the DS properties of AMP. Rats (N = 8) were trained to discriminate AMP (0.5 mg/kg, IP) from saline in a two-lever, food-reinforced, drug discrimination paradigm. Nimodipine alone (2.0 5.6 mg/kg, IP) did not substitute for AMP. When given in combination with AMP, 2.0 mg/kg nimodipine increased by less than 2-fold the AMP dose necessary to induce AMP-appropriate responses. Higher doses of nimodipine combined with AMP did not increase the magnitude of this effect. Nimodipine enhanced the effects of AMP on response rate. Haloperidol (0.125 mg/kg) increased by approximately 4 fold, whereas diazepam (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg) and morphine (5.0 mg/kg) increased by approximately 2-fold the AMP dose necessary to induce AMP-appropriate responses. The interaction with AMP was associated with enhanced reduction of response rate in the tests with diazepam and morphine but not haloperidol. These results suggest that nimodipine attenuates the DS properties of AMP, probably in a non specific way, due to the ability of nimodipine itself to induce a discriminable internal state. PMID- 3147477 TI - Possible interactions between zolpidem, a new sleep inducer and chlorpromazine, a phenothiazine neuroleptic. AB - The combined use of a hypnotic and a neuroleptic is a rather frequent situation, encountered especially in the psychiatric sphere. We therefore tested zolpidem and chlorpromazine in six healthy subjects by using a double-blind latin square design. All of them received single doses of 20 mg zolpidem (ZOL), 50 mg chlorpromazine (CPZ) and the combination of ZOL + CPZ. The medication was given as a single dose in the morning and each treatment being separated by a 1-week interval. Zolpidem produced moderate to severe sedation varying according to the subjects. Psychometric performances (manual dexterity, Stroop test), alertness and psychomotricity (visual analogue scales) were reduced up to 3 h after drug intake. Chlorpromazine alone did not have much effect. Combined administration of ZOL and CPZ was rather more effective than ZOL alone. The pharmacokinetics of ZOL or CPZ remained unchanged except for the elimination half-life of CPZ, which increased significantly when administered along with ZOL. No other pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic interaction between ZOL and CPZ was evident. The fact that the ZOL and CPZ combination accentuated the pharmacodynamical effects can be explained to result from the summation of each of their own pharmacological effect. PMID- 3147478 TI - Nicotine tolerance: an analysis of the time course of its development and loss in the rat. AB - The time course of the development and loss of tolerance to nicotine was measured in female rats that were injected subcutaneously (SC), twice daily with 1.6 mg/kg nicotine. Tolerance to nicotine-induced decreases in locomotor activity and body temperature were observed. Tolerance to the effects of nicotine on both of these measures developed rapidly, with maximal changes occurring within 2-4 days after initiation of treatment. The binding of L-[3H]-nicotine was measured in six brain regions. Chronic nicotine treatment resulted in increases in binding in most brain regions. The increase in binding correlated significantly with the development of tolerance. Rats that had been injected chronically with nicotine did not lose their tolerance throughout a 7-day post-treatment test period. Control levels of binding were regained in all of the brain regions except cortex by 7 days after nicotine treatment was stopped. These findings indicate that changes in receptor binding may relate to the development of tolerance but the retention of tolerance is clearly not related to the number of brain nicotinic receptors, unless nicotine-induced decreases in body temperature and locomotor activity are controlled by cortical [3H]-nicotine binding sites. PMID- 3147480 TI - Rearing paradigm in a nonhuman primate affects response to beta-CCE challenge. AB - Two groups of socially housed rhesus monkeys were raised under conditions differing in the degree of control or mastery over appetitive stimuli (food, water, and treats) in the 1st year of life. At age 18-24 months, a benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist, beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (beta CCE), was administered to both social groups to investigate the effects of differential rearing on the response to a putative anxiogenic drug. In both groups beta-CCE was followed by behavioral activation with a profile suggesting increases in aggression rather than fear or anxiety. A group by drug analysis revealed that the increase in aggression was observed predominantly in the subjects reared with mastery during the 1st year. Plasma cortisol increased in both groups, but its increase was greater in the yoked subjects. These results suggest that early experience with controllability may have long term consequences which can be revealed by challenge with beta-CCE. PMID- 3147481 TI - Report of the Second Public Health Service AIDS Prevention and Control Conference. PMID- 3147482 TI - Report of the Second Public Health Service AIDS Prevention and Control Conference. Report of the workgroup on epidemiology and surveillance. PMID- 3147479 TI - Effects of naltrexone, and d-amphetamine, and their interaction on the stimulus control of choice behavior of rats. AB - The hypothesis that endogenous opioid peptides modulate attentional processes was tested. The effects of the opioid antagonist naltrexone (NALT), d-amphetamine (AMP), and their interaction were investigated in rats trained in a two-choice task in which the position of a short-duration light served as a cue for food reinforced responses. NALT (0.25, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/kg) produced no significant changes in performance (accuracy, choice latency, and food retrieval time). As predicted, AMP induced dose-dependent biphasic effects. Low doses of AMP (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg) significantly enhanced accuracy, decreased choice latency, and lengthened food retrieval time; 1.25 mg/kg AMP disrupted accuracy, increased choice latency, and further lengthened food retrieval time. The combination of NALT (0.25, 1.0, and 10.0 mg/kg) and subthreshold doses of AMP (0.07 and 0.1 mg/kg) had no effect on performance except for an increase in food retrieval time with 10.0 mg/kg NALT, whereas the combination of NALT and moderate doses of AMP (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) disrupted accuracy, increased choice latencies, and lengthened food retrieval time. These results do not support the hypothesis that endogenous opioid peptides play a vital role in attentional processes or that opioid antagonists may be useful in the treatment of attentional deficit disorders. PMID- 3147483 TI - Report of the Second Public Health Service AIDS Prevention and Control Conference. Report of the workgroup on prevention: information, education, and behavior change. PMID- 3147485 TI - Report of the Second Public Health Service AIDS Prevention and Control Conference. Report of the workgroup on therapeutics. PMID- 3147484 TI - Report of the Second Public Health Service AIDS Prevention and Control Conference. Report of the workgroup on clinical manifestations and pathogenesis. PMID- 3147486 TI - Report of the Second Public Health Service AIDS Prevention and Control Conference. Report of the workgroup on vaccines. PMID- 3147487 TI - Report of the Second Public Health Service AIDS Prevention and Control Conference. Report of the workgroup on blood and blood products. PMID- 3147488 TI - Report of the Second Public Health Service AIDS Prevention and Control Conference. Report of the workgroup on intravenous drug abuse. PMID- 3147489 TI - Report of the Second Public Health Service AIDS Prevention and Control Conference. Report of the workgroup on neuroscience and behavior. PMID- 3147491 TI - Report of the Second Public Health Service AIDS Prevention and Control Conference. Women and AIDS. PMID- 3147490 TI - Report of the Second Public Health Service AIDS Prevention and Control Conference. Report of the workgroup on patient care/health care needs. PMID- 3147492 TI - Report of the Second Public Health Service AIDS Prevention and Control Conference. Minority issues in AIDS. PMID- 3147493 TI - Report of the Second Public Health Service AIDS Prevention and Control Conference. Pediatric AIDS. PMID- 3147494 TI - [Biochemistry of manic-depressive disorder (II)--neuropeptides and neuroendocrinological research]. PMID- 3147495 TI - [Transperitoneal transport of methotrexate: in vitro studies]. PMID- 3147497 TI - Localized ossifications in the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments of adult man. PMID- 3147496 TI - [Value of bronchoscopic examination in the diagnosis of diseases of the respiratory system. I. Neoplasms of the respiratory tract and tuberculosis]. PMID- 3147499 TI - [Propranolol in the prevention of recurrence of digestive hemorrhage in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis]. PMID- 3147498 TI - [Gastric cytoprotection: new aspects]. PMID- 3147501 TI - A DIC-like picture on plasma and ascitic fluid of cirrhotic patients. AB - Ascitic fluid reinfusion in severe cirrhosis has frequently been associated with intravascular coagulation (DIC). A low-grade DIC has been postulated to be present in liver cirrhosis. PT, APTT, fibrinogen, plasminogen, antiplasmin, fibrin degradation producers (FDP), euglobulin lysis time, tissue plasminogen activator, and fibrinopeptide A were investigated both in the plasma and ascitic fluid of cirrhotic patients before and after the concentration-reinfusion technique. Our results indicate that increased thrombin formation associated with hyperfibrinolysis is present in the plasma of cirrhotic patients. In ascitic fluid very high levels of thrombin and fibrinolysis activation were found. We conclude that (1) a DIC-like picture exists in ascites and (2) after ascites reinfusion procedures, ascitic fluid is the principal factor in the pathogenesis of DIC. During ascitic fluid reinfusion heparin treatment could be used successfully. PMID- 3147500 TI - [The Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Mycobacteria y Tuberculosis in the antituberculosis campaign in Cuba]. PMID- 3147502 TI - Effect of reperfusion on O2 supply/consumption balance in ischemic canine left ventricle. AB - This study was designed to assess the effects of reperfusion on regional O2 supply and O2 consumption of ischemic areas of the myocardium in 15 anesthetized open-chested dogs. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded for 6 h (n = 8), 2 h (n = 5), 2-h occlusion followed by 4-h period of reperfusion (n = 7), and 10-min occlusion followed by 90-min period of reperfusion (n = 3). Small artery and vein O2 saturations obtained microspectrophotometrically were combined with regional flow measurements using radioactive microspheres to determine regional myocardial O2 consumption. Coronary occlusion for 2 or 6 h significantly reduced mean flow to 15 +/- 8 and 13 +/- 14 ml/min/100 g (mean +/- SD), respectively, in the affected LAD areas as compared to 128 +/- 26 and 113 +/- 46 ml/min/100 g in the non-ischemic areas. In the 4-h reperfusion group, reperfusion increased the average flow (60 +/- 42 ml/min/100 g). O2 extraction was greater in the ischemic area than in the unaffected area after both occlusion and 4-h reperfusion. In the affected area, O2 consumption was reduced by 84% after 6-h occlusion. Reperfusion for 4 h increased O2 consumption toward normal values. Coronary artery occlusion produced an increase in the number of arteries and veins with reduced O2 saturations and this was not affected by reperfusion. Short-term occlusion had no significant O2 supply effects after 90 min of reperfusion. It can be concluded that even though there was an increased O2 consumption as a consequence of reperfusion, O2 consumption still appeared to be flow-limited as indicated by the microregions of low O2 supply and/or high O2 extraction. PMID- 3147503 TI - [Changes in arterial blood gas tensions during the recovery period of constant load exercise]. PMID- 3147505 TI - Long-term care of obese individuals in a community-based primary health care program. AB - A four-year treatment program for severe obesity containing behavioural modification, exercise and nutrition advice was developed at the obesity unit at the Karolinska Hospital. The program made it possible to achieve a sustained weight loss. As far as we know such long-term treatment result has not been reported for this group of patients before. As a consequence of the positive outcome the hospital treatment program was transformed to an out-patient program that could be used in a primary health care setting. The transformation process is emphasized in this presentation but also preliminary results of the weight reduction and the attrition rate in the primary health care setting of the weight reduction program are presented. The evaluation indicates that instructors and participants in the program overall have accepted the program. The mean weight reduction after ten weeks was 6.3 kg. The attrition rate during that time was 2%. PMID- 3147504 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of flecainide in relation to its serum concentration]. PMID- 3147506 TI - The application of biochemical criteria to the assessment of macrofilarial viability. AB - Previous attempts to assess nematode viability have been critically reviewed and the need to apply more objective biochemical criteria emphasized. The practicalities of assay development have been discussed with regard to sensitivity, selectivity and methodological considerations. The biochemical basis and assay methology for six assays (adenine leakage, adenine uptake, leucine uptake, 14CO2 evolution, lactate output and MTT reduction) that we have recently evaluated are detailed. The viability of Acanthocheilonema viteae females exposed for 120 h in vitro to 17 standard compounds (at 10 microM) has been assessed using these six assays and compared relative to motility indices from the micromotility meter. It was concluded that, despite the slightly superior sensitivity of the 14CO2 evolution assay, the MTT reduction method was most suitable for field use due to its technical and practical simplicity, and its applicability to fragments of onchocercal tissue. It was suggested that, in the absence of a better in vitro assay, the feasability of using MTT reduction together with histology should be assessed in a validation exercise with Onchocerca gibsoni. PMID- 3147507 TI - Incidence of genetic factors in the causation of deafness in childhood. AB - Routine investigations of 1568 children with severe-profound hearing loss, during a 15 years' period, revealed the following classification: Hereditary Deafness 25%, Acquired Deafness 43% (prenatally 11%, perinatally 16%, postnatally 16%), Unknown Deafness 32%. This group of unknown causes is usually large in any surgery of deafness and in many of these children deafness is believed to have a genetic basis. In the light of this premise, we performed more careful genetic and clinical investigation in 268 children coming under observation in the 3 last years. Moreover, we examined a group of 44 asymptomatic parental pairs of these children to determine if any were carriers of genes for deafness. The criteria used for identification were: pure tone audiometry, speech discrimination score, threshold of the acoustic reflex, Luscher test, loudness discomfort level for 1-2 4 kHz, continuous Bekesy audiometry. Children follow-up enabled us to place 14 cases in the range of hereditary syndromes. Therefore, the group of unknown deafness decreased from 32% to 27%. The audiological investigation, performed on the parental pairs, pointed out an abnormal auditory function in 30.6% of subjects, who for these reasons should be considered as heterozygous carriers. PMID- 3147508 TI - Pepsins and the mucus barrier in peptic ulcer disease. AB - Studies show that the gastroduodenal mucosal barrier is damaged by pepsin under conditions in which it is resistant to acid alone. The continuous layer of adherent mucus gel provides a diffusion barrier to luminal pepsin, preventing its access to the underlying epithelium. Pepsin has mucolytic activity and will progressively digest the adherent mucus layer at its luminal surface, although normally this is balanced by secretion of new mucus to maintain a continuous barrier. In peptic ulcer disease the proportion of peptic activity in gastric juice attributable to pepsin type 1 is significantly raised (four to five-fold). Pepsin 1 has increased mucolytic activity compared with the major component, pepsin 3, both at the optimal pH of 2 (twofold increase in activity) and at higher pH values up to pH 5 (sixfold increase in activity at pH 4). Structural studies show that the gel forming polymeric mucin of the antral adherent mucus barrier is deficient in peptic ulcer disease. This breakdown of the mucus barrier in peptic ulcer patients can be attributed to the increased pepsin activity of gastric juice seen in this disease, although other explanations are also possible. The increased pepsin activity of gastric juice in peptic ulcer patients is compatible with the concept 'no acid, no pepsin, no ulcer'. PMID- 3147509 TI - Recipient selection for heart-lung transplantation. AB - Cardiac transplantation has emerged as a standard mode of clinical therapy for end-stage heart failure, while heart-lung transplantation is still an experimental rather than a standard mode of clinical therapy for end-stage heart and lung disease. Since clinical application of heart-lung transplantation began in March 1981, there has been continual improvement in donor care, surgery, post operative management, and the diagnosis and treatment of lung and heart rejection. According to our 6-year clinical experience, both patients with Eisenmenger's physiology and patients with primary pulmonary hypertension are considered suitable candidates for heart-lung transplantation. In the future, our recipient population will include small children and patients with cystic fibrosis. Suitable candidates must have good liver and kidney function, and freedom from previous major pulmonary emboli, systemic diseases, and previous thoracic surgery. Patients must maintain their functional and emotional status to pass successfully the difficult postoperative period. Proper donor and recipient selection in connection with improved heart-lung preservation has resulted in excellent operative survival (100%) following the last ten operations, and only the lack of suitable donors can limit the number of heart-lung transplantations in the future. PMID- 3147510 TI - A retrospective survey of asthma management in hospital. AB - A retrospective survey of asthma admissions to general medical units during 1983 is described. 127 cases occurred, of whom 52 were males (44%). The average age was 45.2 years. Forty-eight per cent were receiving inhaled steroids or cromoglycate before admission and 16% regular oral steroids. Initial assessment seldom included peak flow measurement although these were made subsequently in 57%. No steroids were used in 32% of cases. No oxygen was given in 48% of cases and when used was usually at low flow rates. Apart from a reducing course of steroids, 46% of cases were discharged with no increase in pre-admission maintenance treatment and although follow-up was planned for 76% it was for an average 4.9 weeks later. This survey suggests a tendency to under-treatment and undersupervision of asthma patients admitted to acute general medical wards which may well be a cause of unnecessary morbidity. PMID- 3147511 TI - Unilateral pleural effusion as the presenting feature of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. AB - Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome occurred in a 32-year-old woman who presented with symptoms from a large unilateral pleural effusion which was the predominant feature in her case. The aetiology of the effusion was initially uncertain in view of the relative absence of ascites suggesting that the effusion arose because of a primary pleural abnormality. PMID- 3147513 TI - Rationing of health care. PMID- 3147512 TI - Panhypogammaglobulinaemia caused by gold therapy. AB - Gold compounds have been successfully used for over 50 years in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but their mechanism of action is unknown. The main disadvantage is the frequent occurrence of side effects which often necessitate discontinuation of therapy. Recently, there have been reports of reduction in immunoglobulin levels in patients on gold treatment; we report a further case of hypoglobulinaemia associated with gold therapy and recommend that immunoglobulins be monitored prior to and during treatment. PMID- 3147514 TI - The effect of child fostering on feeding practices and access to health services in rural Sierra Leone. AB - In Sierra Leone, where infant and child mortality rates are quite high, a large proportion of small children from 1 to 5 yr are fostered: living away from their mothers. This paper examines the relationships between fosterage and child feeding practices and children's access to Western medical care. Ethnographic data from field studies in Sierra Leone are combined with quantitative data from Serabu Hospital, which show that fostered children are underrepresented in hospital admissions and that young fosters present more problems of malnutrition. (Fostered girls appear to be at more risk in both these categories than boys.) Unlike young fosters, however, older ones do not appear to be at more risk than children with mothers. We draw connections between these results and patterns of intra-household discrimination in food allocation and access to medical treatment for young fostered children: especially those sent to elderly rural caretakers. Finally, we examine the implications of the findings for applied issues, arguing that fostered children may slip through the cracks of maternal-child health care programs. PMID- 3147515 TI - Health, nutrition and agricultural development in northern Zambia. PMID- 3147516 TI - [Compensated or minor anomalies of the immune system]. PMID- 3147517 TI - [Study of the amniotic fluid in rhesus sensitized pregnancies for the evaluation of severity of fetal hemolytic disease]. PMID- 3147518 TI - [Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome]. PMID- 3147519 TI - Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in various seaport cities of Latin America. AB - One hundred fifteen acute cases of gonorrhea were documented in U.S. military personnel during a five-month cruise in which 22 port cities of Latin America were visited in 1985. Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) was isolated from 23 (20%) of the 115 cases. No penicillin-resistant, beta-lactamase negative gonococci were encountered. None of the ten cases of gonorrhea acquired in the Caribbean region was due to PPNG. In South America, the PPNG infection rate was 35% (19/54) in ports along the Pacific Ocean and 8% (4/51) in those along the Atlantic. Infections incurred in four cities of three countries on the Pacific coast of the South American continent accounted for 78% of all PPNG isolates. Although the study did not deal directly with infections in the local populations, the data suggest that PPNG are common in coastal South America and that hyperendemic foci exist in some cities of the continent's western coast. PMID- 3147520 TI - Urethritis caused by Neisseria meningitidis group B: a case report. AB - We describe a case of acute urethritis caused by Neisseria meningitidis group B in a heterosexual man. The symptoms started five days after intercourse that included fellatio with a casual female partner. No other urethral pathogens could be isolated. After intramuscular administration of penicillin G, clinical signs and symptoms of urethritis disappeared, and despite repeated attempts, N. meningitidis could no longer be isolated from the urethra. This case illustrates the need for careful diagnostic procedures. PMID- 3147521 TI - Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Dade County, Florida: phenotypic characterization of isolates from 1983, 1984, and 1986. AB - Penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) have been endemic in Miami, Florida, since 1981. Strains of PPNG isolated in Miami during 1983 (60 isolates), 1984 (41 isolates), and 1986 (107 isolates) were characterized by plasmid content, auxotype/serovar (A/S) class, and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. In 1986, 95 isolates (89%) possessed the 3.2-Megadalton (MDa) beta-lactamase plasmid; 36 (34%) of these isolates also possessed the 24.5 MDa conjugative plasmid. These results contrast with those from 1984, when 37 PPNG isolates (90%) possessed the 4.4-MDa plasmid, and most possessed the 24.5 MDa conjugative plasmid. This in turn was a reversal of the pattern seen in 1983, when only 42 (69%) possessed the 3.2-MDa plasmid, and the conjugative plasmid was rare. In 1983 and 1986, isolates possessing the 4.4-MDa plasmid were more resistant to penicillin than were isolates containing the 3.2-MDa plasmid. All isolates were susceptible to spectinomycin and ceftriaxone. In early 1986, two A/S classes accounted for 66% of all isolates. Pro/IA-1,2 and Pro/IB-2 accounted for 31 (29%) and 40 (37%), respectively, and were isolated during every week in early 1986. In contrast, isolates belonging to 14 and six A/S classes possessing the 3.2- and 4.4-MDa beta-lactamase plasmid, respectively, were isolated sporadically. The composition of the PPNG strain population in Miami is dynamic, a factor that may have important implications for the use of traditional disease intervention strategies. PMID- 3147522 TI - A prospective randomized trial of ofloxacin vs. doxycycline in the treatment of uncomplicated male urethritis. AB - One hundred fourteen men with uncomplicated urethritis were randomized to receive 1 week of therapy with either doxycycline (100 mg twice daily) or ofloxacin (300 mg twice daily). Of the 109 men completing the post-treatment visit, 56 received ofloxacin and 52 (93%) were clinically cured. Forty four (83%) of the 53 men treated with doxycycline were cured. All 30 patients with gonorrhea (including three with penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae [PPNG] isolates) who were treated with ofloxacin became culture-negative, as compared with 32 of 34 patients receiving doxycycline. In contrast, three of 18 patients with Chlamydia trachomatis were microbiologic failures after ofloxacin therapy, while all ten treated with doxycycline were cured. Adverse effects of both treatment regimens were generally mild, and compliance was excellent except for one patient receiving doxycycline. These results show that ofloxacin, in a dosage of 300 mg taken orally twice daily for seven days, is an effective treatment for uncomplicated urethritis in men but may not reliably cure chlamydial infections. PMID- 3147523 TI - Gonococcal urethritis diagnosed from enzyme immunoassay of urine sediment. AB - First-catch urine specimens were obtained before clinical examination from 101 sexually active men who attended a sexually transmitted diseases clinic with a complaint of urethral discharge. Urethral swab specimens were used for preparation of smears and were then cultured on Martin-Lewis medium. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests were performed on (1) uncentrifuged urine, (2) urine sediment, and (3) urine sediment diluted 1:6 with detergent buffer. Urethral cultures from 65 (64%) of the 101 men were positive for N. gonorrhoeae. EIA performed on urine sediment diluted 1:6 yielded the highest sensitivity: 98.5% (64/65). Sensitivity of EIA for uncentrifuged urine was only 66% (43/65). Specificity of all samples tested exceeded 97.2%. Overall agreement between results of EIA on diluted urine sediment and culture was 98% (99/101). Discordant culture and EIA results were unrelated to urine volume, time since prior urination, quantity of gonococcal growth on Martin-Lewis medium, duration of urine storage (less than 72 hours) before testing, or immunotype. EIA tests using urine sediment are highly sensitive and specific, and they offer an alternative means of diagnosing gonorrhea in men who refuse urethral manipulation. They also provide a means of screening men at high risk for gonorrhea who have submitted a urine specimen for other reasons. PMID- 3147524 TI - Trends in resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antimicrobial agents in the United States. AB - Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antimicrobial agents is increasing in the United States. The number of cases of gonorrhea caused by beta-lactamase producing strains of N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) increased for the second consecutive year, and 16,608 were reported in 1986; these accounted for greater than 1.6% of all cases of gonorrhea. PPNG is endemic in Florida, New York City, and Los Angeles, and these areas may serve as foci for spread of PPNG strains in the United States. In 1985 N. gonorrhoeae strains that exhibited high-level resistance to tetracycline (TRNG; MIC, greater than or equal to 16.0 micrograms/ml) were reported. Tetracycline resistance was due to the tetM determinant in a 25.2-MDa tetM-conjugative plasmid. The prevalence of TRNG infections was greater than 4% in at least two communities. Strains with chromosomally-mediated resistance to several antimicrobial agents have been isolated more often; 399 cases were reported during the first half of 1986. Spectinomycin-resistant strains have been isolated in several cities, and strains with decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone have been isolated. Phenotypic characterizations of strains of N. gonorrhoeae by auxotype and serovar, plasmid content, and antibiograms have permitted more detailed study of the heterogeneity and dynamics of strain populations. Characterization of outbreaks caused by resistant strains and surveillance of regional and temporal changes in antimicrobial resistance in gonococcal strain populations may be used in design of innovative strategies for gonorrhea control and for making anticipatory changes in recommended therapies for gonorrhea. PMID- 3147525 TI - Epidemiologic aspects of control of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Although first identified in 1976, penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) began to have significant epidemiologic impact in the United States only after 1980. The epidemic curve has been marked by a series of successive sigmoidal increases, the result of staggered epidemic activity in Los Angeles, California, New York, New York, and Miami. The most recent increase and current plateau has led to a provisional total of 16,608 cases for 1986, with the proportion of PPNG isolates as high as 30% in some communities. The intensity of PPNG transmission appears to parallel that of gonorrhea in general, with high attack rates in central city areas (i.e., among core groups) and with a dimmishing gradient outward from the center. The endemicity of PPNG is related in a general way to the size of the inoculum. A county experiencing seven cases in a month at the time of introduction, for example, has less than a 50% probability of reverting to zero cases during the next 12 months. It would appear that the inoculation of PPNG organisms into a community leads to a "take" when high-level transmitters of gonorrhea are affected. Though current projections suggest as many as 35,000-40,000 cases of PPNG infections by 1991, control programs that focus resources on core-group transmitters of gonorrhea may alter that course. PMID- 3147526 TI - Antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: genetics and mechanisms of resistance. AB - In recent years the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae has increased markedly. Chromosomal resistance to penicillin and tetracycline is due to the effects of one or more mutations and is generally low level. However, the effects of these mutations are additive. Thus, the level of resistance in strains with several mutations is often high enough to yield significant rates of treatment failure. Resistance to aminoglycosides (e.g., streptomycin and kanamycin) and spectinomycin, an aminocyclitol antibiotic is not due to the inactivation of the antibiotic but to an alteration in the sensitivity of the 30S ribosomal subunit to the drug. At least five beta-lactamase plasmids of N. gonorrhoeae have been described. Some of these plasmids can be mobilized by the 24.5-MDa gonococcal conjugative plasmid and transferred to other gonococcal strains. Gonococci have recently acquired high-level resistance to tetracycline due to the streptococcal tetM determinant. This determinant is located on a 25.2 MDa plasmid that possesses a considerable degree of homology with the 24.5-MDa conjugative plasmid. The 25.2-MDa plasmid has retained the ability to transfer beta-lactamase plasmids as well as to mobilize and transfer itself to suitable recipient strains. PMID- 3147527 TI - Laboratory methods for the detection and phenotypic characterization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains resistant to antimicrobial agents. AB - Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that are resistant to antimicrobial agents have emerged after the use of these agents. Antimicrobial resistance can be either chromosomal or plasmid-mediated. Arbitrary methods, both agar-dilution and disk diffusion procedures, have been developed to measure the in-vitro antimicrobial resistance of gonococcal isolates. These methods must be performed by use of standard procedures and the quality of the process must be controlled by use of reference strains with known susceptibilities. Results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests must be interpreted with caution. Phenotypic characterization of gonococcal isolates using auxotyping, serotyping, and plasmid content has permitted us to compare susceptible and resistant strains in an effort to understand the diversity of antimicrobial resistance in N. gonorrhoeae and the dynamics of epidemics of gonorrhoea associated with resistant strains. PMID- 3147528 TI - Therapy of uncomplicated gonorrhea due to antibiotic-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Antibiotics available to treat uncomplicated anogenital infections due to beta lactamase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae include spectinomycin, ceftriaxone, and clavulanic acid added to aqueous procaine penicillin G or amoxicillin. Important variables in deciding which antibiotic regimen to use include effectiveness against urethral, cervical, pharyngeal, and rectal infections; cost; eradication of coexisting incubating syphilis; adverse effects; efficacy against strains of N. gonorrhoeae with chromosomally mediated resistance to antimicrobial agents; ease of administration; patient acceptance; and the potential for inducing resistance to antimicrobial agents in pathogens other than those causing sexually transmitted diseases. This review outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the various regimens. PMID- 3147529 TI - Semiologic, clinical and operative anatomy. PMID- 3147530 TI - Anatomic basis of serratus anterior muscle flap transposition. AB - In order to explore the possibility of serratus anterior muscle (SAM) flap transposition in head, neck and thoracic surgery, we performed an anatomic study including 40 dissections of the muscle's vascular pedicle, the subscapular thoracodorsal axis, which is a branch of the axillary artery. The SAM is characterized by its location: extending from the anterior and lateral aspect of the thorax to the medial border of the scapula; its easy surgical access; its constant and reliable vascularization by the thoracodorsal artery, a branch of the subscapular artery; its long arc of rotation allowing utilization of the SAM flap in head and neck and mediastinal surgery without microvascular anastomoses; its versatility in comparison with other perithoracic muscles. These considerations prompted us to use the SAM in head and neck reconstructive surgery; chest wall surgery, including chest wall reconstruction following resection for tumor and breast reconstruction; intrathoracic and mediastinal surgery, including reinforcement of high-risk tracheobronchial sutures or anastomoses, management of bronchopleural fistulas and empyema spaces, and repair of tracheo-esophageal fistulas and tracheal or esophageal defects. PMID- 3147531 TI - Anatomic basis of vascular exclusion of the liver. AB - Segmental occlusive phlebography of the IVC, coupled with a slit in its posterior wall, injection of corrosive substances into the portal and hepatocaval network, biometry of the retrohepatic IVC and serial sections of injected livers from 64 subjects allowed a study of the anatomica aspects of VEL: the Pringle maneuver and clamping of the IVC above and below the hepatocaval connexion. Surgery for hepatic tumors close to the connexion can benefit from VEL but the right suprarenal and inferior phrenic veins must be clamped. Clamping of the suprahepatic IVC is dependent on the site at which the clamp is applied in relation to the diaphragm; an abdominal approach is possible in 79% of cases. The principal right hepatic vein, lacking a collateral over 1 cm external to the liver in one of every 2 cases, can be controlled outside the liver after mobilization of the lobe right of the liver, but caution is needed because of the predominance of "accessory" hepatic veins in 20% of cases. Control of the hepatic veins external to the liver on the left side is dangerous since a common trunk between the middle and left veins is frequent (84%). Collateral branches are also numerous and often vulnerable. Section of the left triangular ligament must be cautious. The relations between the hepatocaval connexion, diaphragm and right atrium also define modalities in the treatment of hepatic lesions such as membranes in the terminal IVC and the Budd-Chiari syndrome. PMID- 3147532 TI - Anatomic basis of a fascio-cutaneous flap supplied by the perforating branch of the peroneal artery. AB - The length, caliber and course of the perforating branch of the peroneal artery are described following examination of both feet of 20 cadavers. This terminal branch of the peroneal artery has a constant, predictable course and may normally be sacrificed without any vascular compromise in the foot. It has great surgical potential at it is strategically situated so that it can act as a vascular pedicle for a large cutaneous flap situated on the lower lateral leg, with an axis of rotation centered at the midtarsal joint. This has been used by the senior author (AC Masquelet) as a pedicle flap and as an island flap for reconstruction of the foot and ankle with satisfying results. PMID- 3147533 TI - The normal vascularization of the intradural filum terminale in man. AB - The arterial and venous blood-supply of the intradural filum terminale was studied microscopically in 18 fresh cadavers after removing the dorsolumbar spinal cord in one piece, with the roots and the filum in their dural sheath. The arteries were examined after manual injection of the artery of the lumbar enlargement, while study of the veins was made without injection since their bluish-black color made them easily identifiable. After gross examination, each specimen was fixed and then sectioned at 12 different levels from the medullary conus to the bottom of the dural sac for histologic study. The distribution of the vascularization of the filum terminale appeared constant. A single artery, the artery of the filum, arises from the termination of the anterior spinal axis, either by trifurcation or from the proximal part of one of the 2 branches of the anastomotic ansa of the conus. The artery travels in front of the filum, with rapidly diminishing caliber; rarely, it can be followed into the sacral canal. The vein of the filum travels in front of that structure but behind the artery, as in the cord; its caliber is uniform but varies from subject to subject. It traverses the dura below and is continuous with the anterior spinal vein above. No vessels were found on the dorsal aspect of the filum. While the artery of the filum is of a caliber proportional to that of the filum and appears to be a nutrient vessel, the vein has a caliber unrelated to that of the filum and appears rather as an intradural drainage route continuous with the anterior spinal vein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147534 TI - Ligaments of the lumbar spine: a review. AB - A thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the intervertebral ligaments is necessary to provide the basis for good clinical management of back injuries. This paper reviews the literature concerning the lumbar ligaments, including the zygoapophyseal joints. While general principles regarding the anatomy of the ligaments is relatively clear, areas of omission or discrepancy exist. There is very little substantiated information on: the dimensional characteristics of the ligaments; the fibre lengths of the facet capsule; the attachments of the anterior longitudinal ligament; the orientation of the interspinous ligament, and the extent of the supraspinous ligament. PMID- 3147535 TI - Biomechanics of the ligaments of the human knee and of artificial ligaments. AB - The treatment of serious sprains and chronic laxity of the knee calls for a knowledge of the mechanical properties of the stabilizing structures. The mechanical characteristics indicate an elasticity rate of from 21 to 30% for the cruciate ligaments and average of 11% for the lateral ligaments. Preservation methods markedly influence mechanical properties. In the case of chronic laxity, natural ligaments can be replaced by artificial ones. This comparative biomechanical study of natural and artificial ligaments provides a classification to help the user in his choice. PMID- 3147536 TI - The venous blood-flow of the flexor aspect of the human forearm. Clinical relevance to the distally-pedicled forearm flap. AB - In the distally-pedicled radial island flap a reverse venous flow was observed. In 20 cadaver extremities the veins of the lower arms were perfused and dissected and the island flaps elevated. The 3 venous systems are described here according to the number, site and shape of the valves and the venous flow from the flap is also discussed. PMID- 3147538 TI - Tentorial sinus. Radiologic and anatomic features of a case. AB - The authors report a case of tentorial sinus draining the telencephalic and diencephalic tributaries of the basal vein. Dorsally the sinus joined the straight sinus and later the confluence of the sinuses. Attention should be paid to this normal variation whenever a transtentorial surgical approach is considered. PMID- 3147537 TI - The venous hilum of the testis and epididymis: anatomic aspect. AB - The venous return from the testis is effected by 3 venous pathways: the pampiniform plexus gathrs the centripetal and centrifugal paths of the testis with the marginal vein of the epididymis; the deferential vein accompanies the ductus deferens; and the cremasteric vein travels more superficially between the internal and external spermatic fasciae on its way to the inferior epigastric vein. At the caudal pole of the testicle these different pathways form such close connections as to constitute a real vascular junction. PMID- 3147539 TI - The distal anastomoses of the medial plantar artery: surgical aspects (2.10.1987). PMID- 3147540 TI - Anthropometry of the scapulohumeral articulation: construction of an articular scale-model (29.01.1988). PMID- 3147541 TI - Abdominal nodal connexions of the lymphatics of the lung (18.03.1988). PMID- 3147542 TI - [Mycotic complications in acute leukemia (personal observations and review of the literature)]. AB - The authors reported some data on the frequency and spectrum of mycotic infections in 76 adult patients with different types of acute leukemia over the last 3 years. The growth of fungi of various species was noted in 50 (23%) of 213 bacteriological tests, candidomycetes being the most common type. Three patients with aspergillosis were described in detail, in 2 of them intravital diagnosis was established. One of these patients with a complete response received amphotericin B therapy despite the fact that acute leukemia in this case was refractory to therapy. The other patient died of profuse pulmonary hemorrhage. The main nosological types of systemic mycoses, their clinical picture, prevention, therapy and characteristic features in acute leukemias were under consideration. PMID- 3147543 TI - [Remission in partial red cell aplasia achieved using a treatment with cyclosporin A]. PMID- 3147544 TI - [Monotherapy of patients with stenocardia with individually administered doses of delayed-action nitrates (Working Group for Cooperative Studies on Anti-anginal Drugs)]. AB - The group presented the results of a prolonged use of nitrates of prolonged action at effective doses among patients with cardiac angina, in whom they were the most effective of the antianginal drugs used. The results of the treatment with trinitrolong (a new Soviet drug), sustac and nitroderm ointment have demonstrated a noticeable and stable antianginal effect of trinitrolong. The above nitrates produced no side-effects which could cause therapy discontinuation. PMID- 3147546 TI - [Cost/benefit analysis of a regional drug surveillance center]. PMID- 3147545 TI - [Effect of hydralazine on the respiratory function of the lungs and blood gas composition in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. AB - Hydralazine possesses a marked bronchodilating effect. In patients with bronchial obstruction determined by disorder of airway drainage function in combination with noticeable pulmonary sclerotic changes, the use of hydralazine in ineffective and can result in the deterioration of blood oxygenation. Hydralazine at a dose of 50 mg significantly exceeds euphylline at a dose of 0.3 g in the expression and duration of the bronchodilating effect. PMID- 3147547 TI - [Poisoning by hydroxyquinoline sulfate in preparing for barium enema]. PMID- 3147548 TI - [Efficacy and innocuousness of percutaneous trinitrine administered by a peripheral venous approach in children]. PMID- 3147549 TI - The Simavi-Tanga project for self-help in health. An assessment of a comprehensive primary health care programme. AB - Primary Health Care (PHC) is the major strategy for achieving the goal of Health for All. Lessons are to be learnt from a variety of experiences. The Simavi-Tanga project for self-help in Health is a comprehensive PHC-project with a limited input of external financial and advisory assistance. The short term outcome in terms of effectiveness and efficiency does not differ essentially from comparable Tanzanian projects with a higher degree of external input. The main limiting factors with regard to effectiveness and efficiency proved to be the insufficient preparation phase, limited commitment of some and the inappropriate use of human resources. This paper describes the results and constraints. Some recommendations are given to overcome these constraints. PMID- 3147550 TI - Antischistosomal treatment and the measurement of incidence of schistosomiasis in a community of high transmission. AB - There is disagreement in the measurement of incidence in schistosomiasis concerning which of two categories of negatives is representative of the population of an endemic area: naturally uninfected individuals (untreated negatives) and those made negative following treatment (treated negatives). The incidence of schistosomiasis was studied in the two categories of negatives for two periods among 208 school children (6-11 years old) living in a community of high transmission in Zimbabwe. In both periods incidences of Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni in the treated negative group were significantly higher than in the untreated negative group. These findings suggest that host factors, water contact behaviour, innate or acquired immunity for the two groups of negatives were probably different. It is important to measure incidence in both treated and untreated individuals of an endemic community. PMID- 3147551 TI - Carbondioxide reactivity of the blood flow in human basilar artery estimated by the transcranial Doppler method in normal men: a comparison with that of the middle cerebral artery. AB - Using the transcranial Doppler technique, the carbondioxide reactivity of the blood flow velocity in the human basilar artery (BA) was investigated in healthy volunteers for comparison with that in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). An exponential curve with an exponent of 0.044 mmHg-1 was found to be a good fit to the BA data and 0.040 mmHg-1 to the MCA data, respectively. While the response of both arteries showed a good correlation to the end-tidal carbondioxide partial pressure (PETCO2), there was no significant difference observed between the carbondioxide (CO2) reactivity of each artery. In both arteries, the end diastolic flow velocity decreased significantly with the reduction of PETCO2, which may represent the increasing resistance of cerebral microvasculature in hypocapnia. Because of the reliability and noninvasiveness of this method, this normal value should be quite helpful for the bed-side evaluation of an altered CO2 response in the patients with cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 3147553 TI - [The spiral ganglion in the problem of cochlear implantation]. PMID- 3147552 TI - [Diagnostic value of immunologic methods in rhinosinusogenic cerebral arachnoiditis]. PMID- 3147554 TI - [The glutamic acid decarboxylase disc test. An approach for the simplification and speeding up of E. coli detection]. AB - Although E. coli is certainly one of the best known and most widely examined bacterial species only few of their characters and properties were found suitable for the distinction of this species from other species especially from the coliform organisms. One of these rare characters is l-glutamic acid decarboxylase. The demonstration of the action of this enzyme, however, has hitherto been difficult and time consuming. A micro-method is described which permits the demonstration of l-glutamic acid decarboxylase--the glutamic acid decarboxylase disc test (gd-disc-test). The conditions and procedures required are described in detail. The validation of this test was done demonstrating in presence of gamma-aminobutyric acid by paper chromatography. PMID- 3147555 TI - [The pH-dependent solubility of heavy metals from sewage sludge of different compositions]. AB - Sludge suspensions of anaerobically digested sewage sludge, limed anaerobically digested sewage sludge, precipitation sludge of the tertiary waste water treatment and limed precipitation sludge were incubated for 8 days with continuous rotation at nine defined pH-values (pH 1, 3-10). After membrane filtration (0.45 micron) solution concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb and Cr were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results show that solubilities of Cd, Zn and Cu depend not only on pH-value but also in a high degree on the sludge type. The solubility is by far the lowest in the anaerobically digested sludge. Most obvious differences can be found for Cd: While the concentrations of soluble Cd in anaerobically digested sludge only increase at pH values lower than pH 4, the solubility of Cd in precipitation sludge and limed sludges already show rapid increases at pH values lower than 7. The solubility of Pb and Cr remains low in all sludges at all pH-values ranging from pH 3 to pH 10. These results show that when judging ecological effects of heavy metals from sewage sludges the physical and chemical composition of these sludges should be considered. PMID- 3147556 TI - [Sewer sediments--for the detection of the heavy metal containing waste water flow into sewer systems]. AB - Increased heavy metal content often prevents agricultural application of sewage sludge. The identification of a singular pollutant requires time-consuming and cost intensive investigations. A gridlike investigation of sewer sediments offers an effective tool for the identification of heavy metal pollutants--even if the discharge of sewage occurs by batch processes. For the sewer sediments enrich the heavy metals during longer periods. By means of this methodology we succeeded in lowering the cadmium concentration of the sewage sludge within 3 months from 40 to 5 mg/kg DS and to enable its agricultural application. PMID- 3147557 TI - [Measurement of the fibrous dusts in West Germany. Fiber concentration in the vicinity of objects and buildings with asbestos-containing building materials]. AB - Ambient air concentrations of fibrous dusts were measured in the vicinity of buildings with weathered and corroded asbestos-cement (AC)-products during 1983 1985. The concentrations of the total dust (TSP) were higher (mean value of 150 micrograms/m3) than the background concentrations. The mean value of ambient air asbestos concentrations lay at 750 fibers/3 for long asbestos fibers (longer than 5 microns). The maximum values were in the range of 10(3) fibers/m3. About 37% of the measured asbestos fiber concentrations (long fibers) were in the range above 500 fibers/m3; 12% of all long asbestos fiber concentrations were higher than 1000 fibers/m3. In the case of a proposed preventive concentration limit of 400 long asbestos fibers/m3, the asbestos fibers released from the corroded surfaces of AC-products on buildings, mean additional health risk not only for the house residents but in some cases also for the general population. PMID- 3147558 TI - Effects of disinfectants on bacterial metabolism evaluated by microcalorimetric investigations. AB - The technique of microcalorimetry allows uninterrupted observation of the effects of antimicrobial agents on bacterial metabolism; bacteriostasis and bacterial death can be distinguished from one another directly from the thermal output, without the necessity of inactivating the antimicrobial drugs. In contrast to the traditional methods, microcalorimetry assesses the thermal activity of bacteria rather than their multiplication; the microcalorimetrical results correlate with those of traditional test methods as far as MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimal bactericidal concentration)_ are concerned. Microcolarimetry permits a clear differentiation between disinfectants and antibiotics/chemotherapeutics, except in the case of polymyxins which, like the tested disinfectants, show a rapid fall to the zero-line of the power-time-curve at bacteridical concentrations. At sub-bactericidal concentrations, however, each of the disinfectants tested produced an individually characteristic microcalorimetrical curve pattern. This leads us to suspect that the various disinfectants attack at different points in bacterial metabolism. Although the technique of microcalorimetry does not replace standard evaluation, it provides additional insight into the mode of action of disinfectants. PMID- 3147559 TI - [Enterobacteria as quality criteria in unprocessed, drinking and swimming pool water. Comparative study of the occurrence of enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, coliforms, colony count, fecal streptococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. AB - Between 1985 and 1986 2064 samples of raw-, drinking- and swimming-pool-waters from Southwest-Germany have been examined according to German Drinking-Water Standards as well as for the occurrence of Enterobacteria, fecal streptococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. With the exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa all parameters showed a statistically verified dependence on each others occurrence, which was most significant between the two criteria "Escherichia coli" and "fecal streptococci". The results of the investigation increased the doubts concerning the value of "coliforms" as a quality criterion. Enterobacteria seem to be a suitable quality criterion for waters which have received a disinfecting treatment. PMID- 3147560 TI - Sex ratio polymorphism: the impact of mutation and drift on evolution. AB - This paper addresses the question, which sex ratio will evolve in a population that is subject to mutation and drift. The problem is analyzed using a simulation model as well as analytical methods. A detailed simulation model for the evolution of a population's allele distribution shows that for the sex ratio game a wide spectrum of different population states may evolve from on the one hand a monomorphic state with one predominant allele and with all other alleles suppressed by the forces of selection, to on the other hand a polymorphism determined by recurrent mutations. Which of these states will evolve depends on the population size, the mating system and the rate of mutations. For the sex ratio game the evolutionary stable strategy (ESS), as defined by evolutionary game theory, can only predict the population sex ratio but not the underlying stable population state. A comparison of different approaches to the problem shows that false predictions of the stable population states might result from two simplifying assumptions that are fairly common in evolutionary biology: a) it is assumed that mutations are rare events and there is never more than one mutant gene present in a population at any one time; b) a deterministic relationship is assumed between the fitness assigned to an individual's strategy and the individual's contribution to the gene pool of future generations. PMID- 3147561 TI - An elementary approach to cell cycle analysis. AB - An elementary semistochastic model for cell cycle analysis is presented. Various independently generated experimental data sets are compared with the theory in which for the first time, a consistent consideration of non-proliferating cells has also been taken into account. PMID- 3147562 TI - The influence of German idealistic morphology on the development of C.J. van der Klaauw's epistemology. AB - Notwithstanding the general rise of experimental disciplines in biology in the first decades of our century, in Germany and in the Netherlands the interest in the idealistic morphological tradition flourished, and compensated for a reductionistic causal approach to natural phenomena. This article analyses the influence of the German idealistic morphologists W. Lubosch and A. Meyer on the development of C.J. van der Klaauw's epistemology. It discusses the gradual incorporation of non-causal principles into van der Klaauw's concept of biology. Van der Klaauw's epistemological concept of holistic biology was shaped in a critical confrontation with German idealistic morphology, and his early considerations can be interpreted as a direct impulse towards the development of his theory of functional components. Van der Klaauw's theories, being an alternative to the reductionistic experimental sciences, were among the causes of the fact that in the first half of our century biology in the Netherlands took a course deviating from the development of biology in the Anglo-American countries. PMID- 3147564 TI - Periovulatory serum prolactin and progesteron secretion in gonadotropin stimulated cycles. AB - In the group of 18 normoprolactinemic patients stimulated by human menopausal gonadotropins (HMG), serum prolactin (PRL) and progesteron (P) levels were evaluated at the time of estradiol (E2) increase before, during and after chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) administration. In 8 patients (group I) mean serum PRL levels remained normal, ranging from the mean basal values (12.4 +/- 1.7 micrograms/l) to the mean values at the time of HCG administration (16.8 +/- 1.8 micrograms/l) and after it (24.9 +/- 6.2 micrograms/l). In 10 patients (group II) PRL concentration reached pathologic values (from 12.0 +/- 1.8 micrograms/l in basal conditions to 38.9 +/- 5.2 micrograms/l at the time of HCG administration and after it 39.9 +/- 5.4 micrograms/l). The mean serum P concentration at the time of E2 peak was higher in the second group (2.8 +/- 1.0 nmol/l) than in the first group (1.47 +/- 0.2 nmol/l) but the difference was not significant. Four days after HCG administration a significant increase of P levels was registered in both groups of patients (184.1 +/- 8.9 nmol/l in the first group and 205.6 +/- 34.8 nmol/l in the second group). Considering these analyses we can presuppose that transitional hyperprolactinaemia does not impair early steroid production in the corpus luteum of HMG stimulated cycles. PMID- 3147563 TI - Induction of ovulation for gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and "pure" FSH: results obtained in 30 normally menstruating women. AB - About 30% of the ovulation induction cycles in GIFT and FIVET programmes are cancelled due to an inadequate response of patients to gonadotropins and/or clomiphene citrate. GnRH agonist-gonadotropins and/or "pure" FSH combination has been successful in inducing ovulation in patients with a previous history of cycle cancellation and/or alterations in the menstrual cycles. In order to reduce the number of cycle cancellations and obtain more homogeneous oocytes, GnRH agonist-gonadotropins and/or "pure" FSH combination in all candidates for GIFT and FIVET has been recently hypothesised. The Authors report results obtained from GnRH agonist-"pure" FSH combination in 30 normally menstruating patients of the GIFT programme: in 93% of cases the harvested oocytes were preovulatory, in 27.6% of cycles and in 28.6% of the GIFTs respectively an ongoing pregnancy was obtained. While the results obtained must be considered preliminary, they nevertheless suggest that the use of a combination of GnRH-agonist "pure" FSH in all patients in the GIFT programme may be of real clinical validity. PMID- 3147565 TI - Transfusion transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. AB - Non-A, non-B of hepatitis (NANBH) may occur following blood transfusions or administration of blood products. The causative agent(s) is still not identified and the symptoms are usually mild. The only indication of infection may be increased serum alanine transferase levels. The incidence of posttransfusion NANBH has been reported as high as 4-12% in the US (average 7%) while in Sweden it is according to recent studies on the average 2%. An estimated 2-3% of Swedish blood donors are probably carriers of the NANBH agent(s). Of patients acquiring posttransfusion NANBH, 40-60% will develop chronic hepatitis which in 15-20% will progrediate to cirrhosis. PMID- 3147567 TI - Chorea and lupus anticoagulant: a case report. AB - A 16-year-old girl was hospitalized apparently with Sydenham's chorea. Laboratory investigations failed to reveal any sign of preceding streptococcal infection. However, lupus anticoagulant was demonstrated in plasma. Complete remission followed combined therapy with corticosteroid and anticoagulant drugs. Since the treatment of chorea in systemic lupus erythematosus associated with lupus anticoagulant is completely different from that of Sydenham's chorea, the case illustrates the importance of a thorough laboratory investigation. PMID- 3147566 TI - The course of epilepsy during pregnancy: a study of 78 cases. AB - We have compared frequency and severity of epileptic seizures during pregnancy with the 9 months prior to pregnancy in 66 patients with a total of 78 pregnancies. Data on total number of seizures and major seizures are analysed separately. No statistically significant differences between frequency before and during pregnancy were found. Cases with seizures before pregnancy tended to have seizures during pregnancy, but there was no association between occurrence of seizures prior to pregnancy and increased frequency during pregnancy. There was no evidence that seizures became more severe during pregnancy. No relationship was found between type of epilepsy and change in seizure frequency during pregnancy. The data suggest that our therapeutic interventions may have influenced seizure frequency in at most a minority of cases. Serum concentrations of the anti-epileptic drugs were monitored regularly during pregnancy. Only data on patients on constant drug dosages and, therefore, presumedly with the mildest seizure disorders were analysed. In the majority of cases there was a decrease in drug levels during pregnancy. Most cases tolerated this decrease without an increase in seizure frequency. On the other hand, most cases with increased frequency also had decreased drug levels. PMID- 3147568 TI - Effect of glycosylation inhibitors on the binding of insulin and lectins and on hormonal imprinting in Tetrahymena. AB - Treatment of the unicellular Tetrahymena with inhibitors of glycosylation (glucosamine or 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose) leads, with a few exceptions, to enhancement of the binding of FITC-labelled insulin and lectins (Con-A, Helix, Datura). The development of insulin-evoked imprinting (i.e., the enhancement of binding at subsequent contacts) is not prevented by the administration of glucosamine. Meanwhile the administration of fluoroglucose results, on its own, in enhanced binding. This increased binding capacity cannot be further enhanced by imprinting. PMID- 3147569 TI - Carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in the caecum and colon of normal and germ-free rats. AB - Histochemical and immunocytochemical methods were used to study the presence of carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoenzymes in the caecum and colon of normal and germ free rats. Very high enzyme activity was demonstrated by histochemistry in the caecum and proximal colon of normal rats, while the activity decreased in the distal colon. Very strong immunostaining for the isoenzyme CA I was found in the cytoplasm of surface cells and upper gland cells in the caecum and colon of normal rats. In the distal colon the staining was less intense with a marked cell to-cell variation. Ca II was found in the apical (luminal) cell region of the surface epithelium in all regions. Ca III was possibly present in small amounts, but this could not be judged with certainty. There was no difference in carbonic anhydrase between normal and germ-free rats (except for less staining of the mucosal capillaries in germ-free animals). Therefore, our data give no support to the hypothesis that CA I participates in the absorption of microbial fermentation products. The location of CA II in the apical cell region suggests a role for this isoenzyme in regulation of the microclimate close to the epithelial cells. PMID- 3147570 TI - Gas exchange during high-frequency ventilation in the pigeon (Columba livia). AB - We studied the effect of high-frequency ventilation (HFV) on the gas exchange of tracheotomized pigeons. The pigeons were artificially ventilated using a piston pump, which alternately connected the pigeons' airways to a constant-flow source. Two-minute periods of HFV were interposed between long periods of normal ventilation. The effect of HFV was assessed by the recorded changes in the PO2, PCO2 and pH of arterial blood and from the changes in the composition of the gas in the interclavicular air sacs. The results showed that HFV can augment gas exchange when the tidal volume (VT) is less than the volume of the anatomical dead space (VD). However, normal arterial gas composition can only be maintained if respiratory frequency is high (greater than 20 Hz). At the normal panting frequency of pigeons (7.8 Hz), gas exchange can thus only be maintained if tidal volume is approximately 125% of the dead space. When panting the VT must be greater than the VD. This finding agrees with the results of recent work showing flush-out- or compound-panting in birds: i.e. if, during panting, VT approaches close to the VD, intermittent interruptions, by taking deeper breaths in order to ensure a supply of fresh air to the lungs, are necessary. PMID- 3147571 TI - Acidosis, hypoxia and stress hormone release in response to one-minute inhalation of 80% CO2 in swine. AB - The study pertains to a series of investigations on the effects of CO2 inhalation as used for pre-slaughter anaesthesia in swine. Acid/base parameters, blood oxygen tension, plasma Na, K, Ca and stress hormone concentrations were monitored in Yorkshire swine before, during, and for 10 min after the animals were descended for 1 min into 80% CO2 in air. Severe respiratory acidosis (PaCO2 approximately 50 kPa, arterial pH approximately 6.6) and hypoxia (PaO2 approximately 4kPa) had developed after 45 s of the CO2 inhalation. The corresponding changes in venous blood were less drastic (PvCO2 approximately 17 kPa, pH 7.1, PvO2 approximately 4 kPa). Readjustment to PaCO2 approximately II kPa, arterial pH 7.2, and PaO2 approximately 13 kPa had occurred at 1 min post CO2. Four minutes later the respiratory acidosis had become converted into metabolic acidosis subjected to partial respiratory compensation (arterial pH 7.3 in the presence of moderate hypocapnia and hyperoxaemia). The cause of this metabolic acidosis (present also at 10 min post CO2) was apparently hypoxia induced anaerobic metabolism (= lactic acid production). Apparently due to hydrogen ion transport into the cells in exchange for other cations, hyperkalaemia (K approximately 6.6 mmol l-1), and a 7 mmol l-1 increase in plasma Na had developed at 1.5 min later. The CO2 inhalation did not change the total plasma Ca significantly. The transport of the swine from the stable to the immediate pre-experimental situation induced a 3-fold increase in plasma cortisol concentration (PC, to approximately 130 mmol l-1). No further increase in PC occurred in response to the CO2 inhalation. It indicates that no additional emotional strain was imposed upon the animals during the CO2 exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147572 TI - Seasonal, menstrual and circadian secretions of melatonin, gonadotropins and prolactin in women. AB - In order to evaluate the role of the pineal gland in human reproduction, day- and night-time concentrations of serum melatonin, FSH, LH and prolactin were measured by radioimmunoassays on various days of the menstrual cycle during summer (average daylight 22 h) and winter (daylight 5 h) in healthy females (n = 12) from northern Finland (65 degrees N). A multifactorial analysis of variance showed that, in addition to the well-established increases of gonadotropins at midcycle and melatonin and prolactin at night, there was a significant effect of season on the serum levels of melatonin and LH. Night-time serum melatonin levels on cycle days 2 and 10 were 27% and 49% (P less than 0.05 and less than 0.01) higher in winter than in summer. Night-time serum LH levels at midcycle were 76% (P less than 0.05) higher in summer than in winter. There were no significant effects of season on the serum levels of FSH, prolactin, day-time melatonin or LH outside the mid-cycle. Neither were there any significant effects of the day of the menstrual cycle on the serum melatonin levels. It is possible that in winter the high levels of melatonin in the follicular phase have an inhibitory effect on the serum LH levels. In summer the melatonin levels are lower and perhaps less inhibitory on the secretion of LH, resulting in the stimulation of the reproductive competence in human females. PMID- 3147573 TI - Effects of arterial pH and carbon dioxide on pancreatic exocrine H+/HCO3- secretion and secretin-dependent translocation of cytoplasmic vesicles in pancreatic duct cells. AB - To elucidate why arterial pH and carbon dioxide (PaCO2) modify the pancreatic H+/HCO3- secretory response to secretin stimulation, experiments were performed on anaesthetized pigs, recording the effects of arterial pH and PaCO2 on exocrine H+/HCO3- secretion and on morphology of pancreatic duct cells. Duct cells contained numerous cytoplasmic vesicles at secretory rest. Their number more than doubled during elevation of PaCO2 from 5.5 to 11.0 kPa. At arterial pH 7.40, maximal secretin stimulation cleared the cytoplasm of duct cells of more than 90% of the vesicles. At high PaCO2, this was accompanied by doubling the basolateral plasma membrane area and a 30% higher secretion rate than at PaCO2 5.5 kPa. Lowering arterial pH to 7.0 more than halved the secretin-induced vesicle clearance of duct-cell cytoplasm as well as exocrine H+/HCO3- secretion and abolished the secretin-dependent basolateral membrane area changes. Supramaximal secretin stimulation did not reverse the inhibitory effect of severe metabolic acidosis on secretion. It is concluded that PaCO2 and arterial pH may modify the secretory response to secretin through determining the incorporation of cytoplasmic vesicle material into the basolateral plasma membrane of duct cells. PMID- 3147574 TI - Muscle capillary permeability for [14C]inulin and [51Cr]EDTA in human forearm. AB - Capillary permeability of [14C]inulin and [51Cr]EDTA was examined in human forearm in five healthy, subjects by indicator diffusion technique. Injections of, initially [125I]albumin and [14C]inulin, and after 30 min resting, of [125I]albumin and [51Cr]EDTA, were given in a brachial artery. During light exercise of the forearm, blood was sampled in 2-s periods from a deep cubital vein primarily draining muscles. The plasma flow rate, calculated as the dose of [125I]albumin in the injectate divided by the area under the curve for the venous concentration of 125I, was, on average, 8.5 ml min-1 100 g-1 forearm. Assuming [125I]albumin is a partially permeable tracer, a correction for extraction of albumin was performed. This gave extraction fractions of 0.107 +/- 0.015 (mean +/ SEM) for [14C]inulin and 0.377 +/- 0.033 for [51Cr]EDTA, respectively. The capillary permeability surface area product per 100 g tissue (CDC) was for [14C]inulin 0.90 +/- 0.19, and for [51Cr]EDTA 3.31 +/- 0.38 ml min-1 100 g-1 forearm. The average of the ratios of the CDC values of [51Cr]EDTA to those of [14C]inulin, 4.0 +/- 0.5, is significantly higher than the corresponding ratio between the measured free diffusion coefficients in water at 37 degrees C, 3.07 +/- 0.002 (N = 36 and 17, respectively). This indicates that there is some degree of restriction for [14C]inulin (MW 5200) relative to [51Cr]EDTA (MW 340.2) and it points to an 'equivalent pore radius estimate' of about 160 A in human muscle capillaries. PMID- 3147575 TI - Importance of carbonic anhydrase for canalicular and ductular choleresis in the pig. AB - To assess the importance of carbonic anhydrase (CA) for canalicular and ductular choleresis, the effect of acetazolamide on bile secretion was measured in three experimental groups of anaesthetized pigs. CA activity in liver homogenate was 46 (43-54) U g-1 wet weight, 150 mg kg-1 b.w. acetazolamide completely abolished the CA activity. Acetazolamide reduced bile HCO3- secretion in six secretin infused, bile-acid depleted pigs by 67 (58-71)% at arterial pH 7.41 (7.38-7.46). By contrast, acetazolamide did not affect HCO3- secretion in six Na-taurocholate (TCA) infused pigs in the absence of secretin stimulation. Acetazolamide reduced ursodeoxycholic-acid- (UDCA) dependent HCO3- secretion by 24 (11-38)% in six other pigs in the absence of secretin stimulation. Histochemical examination using modifications of Hansson's method showed strong reaction in bile ductules and weaker reaction in peripheral zones of liver lobules. Because acetazolamide impairs HCO3- secretion from cells sustaining high rates of H+/HCO3- transport, it is suggested that high rates of H+/HCO3- transport are confined to bile ductules under conditions of secretin- and UDCA-induced choleresis. PMID- 3147576 TI - Selective stimulation of limbic dopamine activity by nicotine. PMID- 3147577 TI - Effects of exercise and CO2 inhalation on the breathing pattern in man. AB - Conflicting opinions exist concerning the breathing pattern in man during resting and stimulated ventilation. Some but not all investigators have reported the existence of an abrupt change, a 'breakpoint', in the relation between mean tidal volume and mean inspiratory time. Different opinions exist as to whether the slope and the intercept for the relation between mean minute ventilation and mean tidal volume are identical regardless of the mode of stimulating the ventilation. We have studied 10 subjects, at rest and during graded stimulation of ventilation by CO2 inhalation and exercise. No breakpoint was observed in the relations between (1) mean tidal volume and mean inspiratory time and (2) mean tidal volume and mean expiratory time, even if a wide range of tidal volumes was achieved in our subjects. Carbon dioxide inhalation (normoxic or hyperoxic) and exercise gave different regression lines for the relation between mean minute ventilation and mean tidal volume in 8 out of 10 subjects with a larger slope during exercise. At exercise inspiratory time decreased with any increase in tidal volume, while during CO2 breathing no consistent change in inspiratory time was seen. Mean inspiratory flow was linearly related to exercise load and apparently also to arterial carbon dioxide pressure. We conclude that CO2 breathing gives a breathing pattern which is different from that obtained with exercise in the majority of normal subjects. Furthermore, we could not confirm the existence of breakpoints in relations describing the breathing pattern of normal man. PMID- 3147578 TI - In vivo measurement of intracellular pH in human brain during different tensions of carbon dioxide in arterial blood. A 31P-NMR study. AB - The effect of changes in carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood upon intracellular pH in brain tissue was studied in seven healthy volunteers, aged 22 45 years. The pH changes were monitored by use of 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, performed on a whole-body 1.5 Tesla Siemens imaging system. The measurements were carried out during hyperventilation and with the subject breathing atmospheric air containing 5 vol. % and 7 vol. % carbon dioxide. Intracellular pH increased significantly during 15 min of hyper-ventilation and decreased significantly during 18 min respiration of air containing 7 vol. % carbon dioxide. The intracellular buffer capacity was estimated. These results suggest that the ventilation response to carbon dioxide is correlated to changes in intracellular fluid pH. PMID- 3147580 TI - MAO inhibitors: pharmacodynamic aspects and clinical implications. AB - Many recent studies have stressed the importance of maintaining the MAO inhibitors in the therapeutic arsenal for depressive patients. In most cases MAO inhibitors are generally safe and as well tolerated as the cyclic antidepressants. It has been suggested that MAO inhibitors are more likely to benefit depressed patients with atypical vegetative symptoms like gain in weight, sleep or libido. However, they may be therapeutic for a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders ranging from depression with generalized anxiety or phobia, hysteroid dysphoria and endogenous affective illness refractory to conventional therapies. Because of the hazards: drug-drug and drug-food interactions, the irreversible and unspecific MAO inhibitors are only to be recommended on the condition that a good patient compliance can be obtained. PMID- 3147579 TI - Prolactin responses to hypoglycemia and thyrotropin-releasing hormone in anorexia nervosa. AB - Although prolactin (PRL) responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) have been described by many investigators, PRL secretion after insulin stimulation has rarely been documented in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). We investigated PRL responses to TRH (500 micrograms) and insulin (0.1 U/kg) in 19 women with AN and 10 normal women. Levels of PRL stimulation at 60 min and later following insulin administration were significantly lower in AN than in normal women. PRL increased by at least 10 micrograms/ml after insulin in 42% of women with AN and in 70% of normal women. The maximum PRL increase (max delta PRL) did not differ after the two stimulations in the normal women. However, in AN, the max delta PRL after insulin stimulation (17.2 +/- 4.0 micrograms/l, mean +/- SEM) was significantly lower than that after TRH (49.1 +/- 6.4 micrograms/l). These findings suggest that anorectic women may have a disturbance in hypothalamic functions. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia is useful to determine the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis for PRL secretion, in combination with TRH stimulation. PMID- 3147581 TI - The impact of long-term lithium treatment on renal function and structure. AB - The effects of long-term lithium treatment on kidney function have been intensively studied. Both retrospective and prospective functional studies have shown that prolonged lithium treatment has a profound influence on renal tubular function, and may result in reduced renal concentrating capacity and increased urine volumes. More important, long-term lithium administration at non-toxic serum levels has little demonstrable or no effect at all on glomerular function. Prospective studies found no evidence of a progressive impairment of renal clearance. Renal biopsy studies have shown significant histopathological changes in patients with acute lithium intoxication, but only a slight degree of morphological injury in patients with no episodes of lithium poisoning. Other factors than lithium may contribute (e.g. analgesic abuse) or predispose (e.g. pyelonephritis) to similar changes. The lithium dosage schedule may represent an important factor. PMID- 3147582 TI - Pulsatile LH-RH treatment induces a relatively low response of LH and FSH, while discontinuation enhances the response in women with amenorrhea of suprapituitary origin. AB - Five women with amenorrhea of suprapituitary origin were given intravenous injections of 10 micrograms LH-RH every 90 minutes for 4 days by means of a portable infusion pump. Immediately before and after this, the LH and FSH responses to a test dose of 100 micrograms LH-RH were measured. Four days after discontinuation of the treatment, so that LH and FSH could be measured, blood was sampled every 10 minutes for a period of 6 hours, during which 20 micrograms LH RH was injected intravenously every hour. Finally, a test dose of 100 micrograms LH-RH was given. The whole procedure was repeated at least 6 weeks later, but this time hourly injections of 100 micrograms LH-RH were given 4 days after discontinuation of the pulsatile LH-RH treatment. Four days after the pulsatile LH-RH treatment was stopped, increased LH and FSH responses to LH-RH were observed. These could be reduced by 6 injections, given hourly, of either 20 or 100 micrograms LH-RH. Although the totally released amount of both LH and FSH did not differ between the two treatment regimens irrespective of the LH-RH dose used, the response of both gonadotropins to the LH-RH test dose after the hourly 100 micrograms LH-RH injections was significantly lower. This indicated that desensitization can be attributed, at least in part, to a lower responsiveness of LH and FSH to LH-RH when pulsatile LH-RH is given. Low responses during treatment with pulsatile LH-RH could not be related to higher concentrations of plasma estradiol. We conclude that women with amenorrhea of suprapituitary origin who are treated with pulsatile LH-RH have a low state of responsiveness to LH-RH, which can be caused by the presence of the LH-RH and might be attributed in part to desensitization by LH-RH. Removal of the LH-RH results in an enhancement of the responsiveness, as the pituitary gland might have recovered from this desensitization. PMID- 3147583 TI - Use of combined exogenous gonadotropins and pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone in patients with polycystic ovarian disease: a new approach to induction of ovulation. AB - A combined regimen based on exogenous gonadotropins followed by pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone was attempted in order to induce ovulation in a group of patients with polycystic ovarian disease. The women were selected on the basis of previous unsuccessful treatment with clomiphene citrate, gonadotropin and pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone used separately. At our first attempt at application of this new approach, in all patients follicular growth was recorded and ovulation was induced with exogenous chorionic gonadotropin, without hyperstimulation. Two clinical pregnancies were established. Retrospective hormonal evaluation showed the presence of two premature luteinizations. Pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone administration following follicular recruitment with exogenous gonadotropin may therefore be considered an effective therapy for polycystic ovarian patients resistant to conventional treatment. PMID- 3147585 TI - UDPgalactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase in cultured oligodendrocytes: an enzymological and immunological study. AB - The developmental expression of UDPgalactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGalT), an enzyme marker of one myelinogenic activity in nervous tissue, was studied in cultured oligodendrocytes. The activity of CGalT in cultures followed a characteristic pattern of developmental changes. In the primary cultures these changes could be represented by a biphasic curve with a maximum of enzymatic activity at about the 25th day in culture. After purifying the oligodendrocytes from the primary cultures and replating them in culture dishes, similar developmental changes of CGalT were observed. In the subcultures prepared from 20 day-old primary cultures the activity of CGalT per oligodendrocyte increased from 1.3 x 10(-6) nmol/hr on day 4 to 3.7 x -6 nmol/hr on day 21. Immunocytochemical studies with the antiserum against rat brain CGalT showed the presence of CGalT+ oligodendrocytes after 7 days in the primary culture (earliest time studied), later on the number of CGalT+ oligodendrocytes increased until 28 days (latest time examined). In the subcultures of purified oligodendrocytes the bulk of oligodendrocytes was stained by the anti-CGalT antibodies after 15 days. These results suggest that the initial expression of CGalT in oligodendroglial cultures involves an increase of the number of CGalT+ oligodendrocytes and of the amount of enzyme protein per cell. PMID- 3147584 TI - The effect of hypophysectomy on inhibin production by adult rat ovaries: changes in ovarian inhibin gene expression and serum inhibin. AB - We have investigated the effect of hypophysectomy on adult rat ovarian inhibin alpha- and beta A-subunit mRNA, serum inhibin, and circulating gonadotrophin levels. Immediate declines in ovarian inhibin gene expression and serum inhibin were observed following hypophysectomy, with a nadir on day 4. However, inhibin synthesis determined by these parameters was still apparent at 16 days post hypophysectomy. Gonadotropin levels were suppressed following hypophysectomy and the fall in inhibin production was highly correlated with disappearance of FSH from the circulation. This study demonstrates that removal of pituitary gonadotropin stimulation results in diminished ovarian inhibin synthesis and provides further evidence indicating that FSH stimulates granulosa cell inhibin synthesis by enhancing inhibin gene transcription. PMID- 3147586 TI - [A scanning electron microscopic study of the retino-choroidal vascular casts following photocoagulation with various wavelengths of dye laser]. PMID- 3147588 TI - Adverse reaction of acetaminophen as an alternative analgesic in A.A.S. Triad. AB - The syndrome of A.A.S. Triad consisting of an intolerance to analgesics such as aspirin, bronchial asthma and nasal polyps, is every day more frequent. During the last years, the use of acetaminophen as an analgesic-antipyretic alternative in patients with A.A.S. Triad has been imperative. However, there are already publications that show reversible bronchial obstruction symptoms similar to the ones produced by A.A.S., though of less intensity. A study was performed in 32 patients diagnosed of A.A.S. Triad by our allergy specialized office with a challenge test of acetaminophen and placebo. Basal spiromentry, physical examination and control of medication before the test, were noted. Of the 32 patients studied, six of them showed a positive provocation test. We maintain the need to perform a provocation test with acetaminophen at the hospital under medical observation before the medication is used by the patient. In terms of practical medicine, this study with acetaminophen as medications of common use in A.A.S. Triad underlies the importance of more caution in prescribing analgesic drugs to patients sensitive to aspirin and A.I.N.E. PMID- 3147589 TI - The development of immunological relationship between mother and fetus under physiological and pathological conditions. AB - On the basis of results of our research and review of literature, the complex of immuno logical influences, operating during the development of the human fetus, were evaluated. It is obvious that during the early stages of pregnancy the conceptus is protected by non-specific mechanisms, i.e. hormonally (HCG, progesterone) and by certain properties of the trophoblast (barrier function, immunologically inert surface). Specific immunological tolerance is formed by gradual penetration of trophoblast particles and later by penetration of fetal blood cells into maternal circulation. Thus a specific suppression of maternal T lymphocytes against fetal antigens develops, other immunological functions being intact. - Following a strong antigenic stimulus (e.g. Rh-D), isoimmunization of the mother and serious risk for the fetus occur. Immunological causes of abortion could not be unequivocally proved in recurrent abortions. The explanation of the origin of EPH-gestosis on the basis of toxic action of immunocomplexes is highly probable, however the laboratory and experimental proof is still lacking. PMID- 3147587 TI - The role of lipid mediators in asthma (current views and perspectives). AB - Among the lipid mediators, leukotrienes and the platelet activating factor (PAF) have been attributed various roles in the immunopathology of allergic diseases. PAF has been shown to be a chemotactic factor for eosinophils, which conversely release leukotriene C4 on activation. PAF also may induce airway hyperreactivity. Leukotrienes (LTB4) are also powerful chemotactic factors and predominantly attract neutrophils, which stimulates dependent release lipid mediators (hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids--HETES, leukotrienes, PAF) and thus amplify the inflammatory process. Leukotrienes (LTC4, D4, E4) induce bronchoconstriction, and mucus production. Lipid mediators are released by immunological as well as nonimmunological processes, e.g. by inflammatory stimuli. While analytical methods for leukotriene determinations have been established, the analysis of PAF is mainly carried out by biological studies. Further investigations with antagonists may be helpful to clarify the role of the lipid mediators during allergic and inflammatory processes. PMID- 3147590 TI - Cell mediated and humoral immunity and light-chain proteinuria in rifampicin treated tuberculous patients. AB - The present study was devoted to assess the humoral and cell mediated immune responsiveness in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis before and after rifampicin therapy. Skin test using PPD and PHA; Rosette forming cells test, serum IgG, M and A; and light chain proteinuria have been tested for 15 newly diagnosed tuberculous patients and 15 normal controls. Rifampicin showed an immunosuppressive effect on both cellular and humoral immune responses as well as by the advent of light chain proteinuria. PMID- 3147592 TI - Particulate matter contamination associated with automated compounding TPN solutions. PMID- 3147591 TI - [Increased phagocytosis of N. gonorrhoeae by human granulocytes in vitro after addition of cervicovaginal secretions or serum from patients with gonorrhoea]. AB - Factors promoting the phagocytosis of N. gonorrhoeae were estimated in the cervico-vaginal secretions and in serum of 129 female patients suffering from gonorrhea. 76 healthy women served for comparison. The increase of granulocyte phagocytosis in vitro, mediated by secretions and serum from patients and in part also from patients after therapy was stronger than that of healthy women. Although the absolute amount of phagocytosis mediated by serum was higher, there was clearly a stronger increase of secretion-mediated phagocytosis, while using material from patients. After inactivation of serum and secretions by heating, a decrease of phagocytosis could be observed in patients and healthy women, too. The greater calculated differences in patients than in healthy persons are distinct signs for stronger induction of thermolabile factors in the patients. PMID- 3147594 TI - Effect of changes in case mix on drug expenditures. PMID- 3147593 TI - Calcium and phosphate solubility in neonatal parenteral nutrient solutions containing Aminosyn-PF or TrophAmine. AB - The maximum solubilities of calcium and phosphate in neonatal total parenteral nutrient (TPN) solutions compounded using Aminosyn-PF or TrophAmine amino acid injection were determined. Eight solutions were compounded from Sterile Water for Injection, USP, 50% dextrose injection, usual electrolytes and trace metals, and Aminosyn-PF 7% or TrophAmine 6% to obtain concentrations of amino acids 2.5% and dextrose 25% and amino acids 1% and dextrose 10%. Cysteine hydrochloride was added to half of the solutions at a concentration of 40 mg/g of protein. The pH of each solution was determined at various times during admixture preparation. The solutions were divided into 20-mL aliquots, and phosphate and calcium were added to each aliquot at concentrations of 2.5 to 50 meq/L of calcium and 5 to 50 mmol/L of phosphate. All solutions were inspected visually for signs of precipitation or crystallization after 18 hours of storage at room temperature and again after 30 minutes in a 37 +/- 1 degrees C water bath. Samples with no visible signs of precipitation were filtered, and the filter membrane was inspected under a microscope. Solubility curves were prepared by plotting the concentrations of calcium and phosphate at which either visual or microscopic precipitation occurred. Calcium and phosphate solubility was greater in the solutions with higher concentrations of amino acids and dextrose. In contrast to the results of some previous studies, no important differences in calcium and phosphate solubility were observed between Aminosyn-PF and TrophAmine in solutions containing amino acid concentrations of 2.5%, with or without added cysteine hydrochloride.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147595 TI - Cost-effectiveness of repackaging labetalol hydrochloride injection for intraoperative use. PMID- 3147596 TI - A decade of experience with a clinical pharmacokinetics service. AB - The development, operation, and functions of the pharmacokinetics service at Memorial Medical Center of Long Beach (MMCLB) are described, and the data used to determine the quality and cost-effectiveness of the service are presented. Current functions of the pharmacokinetics service at MMCLB include making brief written comments about the interpretations of serum drug concentrations (SDCs) and oral recommendations to physicians on dosage adjustment; provision of written consultations with dosage recommendations; provision of drug information, education, and research; and development of drug dosing guidelines for the pharmacy and medical staff. During the 10-year existence of this service, costs have been justified on the basis of not only revenue generated by the service (in the form of "drug concentration scheduling" and "drug concentration evaluation" fees charged to patients) but also by cost savings resulting from the prevention of inappropriate, misleading, and potentially dangerous SDCs. An audit conducted in 1986 showed that the policy of having pharmacists schedule the sampling times for SDCs saves about $500,000 annually. Quality assurance has been documented by auditing compliance with and therapeutic effectiveness of dosing guidelines and by working with laboratory personnel to identify and prevent spurious SDC results and assay errors. The methods used by the pharmacokinetics service at MMCLB to document the benefits of the service have been vital in proving both its cost effectiveness and its positive effect on patient care. PMID- 3147597 TI - Use of a microcomputer relational database in a long-term-care psychiatric facility. PMID- 3147598 TI - Kin preference in marmosets and tamarins: Saguinus oedipus and Callithrix jacchus (Callitrichidae, primates). AB - Field studies on callitrichid primates have suggested that some species may exhibit a communal breeding system in which two or more males mate with a single female and cooperatively participate in infant rearing. However, high levels of aggression have been observed between males under both laboratory and field conditions. In avian models for communal breeding, cooperating males are often closely related. In a laboratory test of a hypothesis of the amelioration of aggression based on kinship, four mated pairs of both Saguinus oedipus and Callithrix jacchus were introduced to both novel male conspecifics and to their own male siblings, from whom they had been separated for a minimum of 4 months. Significant differences (P less than .01) were seen in the responses of the two species to male conspecifics generally: S. oedipus males responded to intruders with overt aggression significantly more frequently than did marmosets while C. jacchus males more frequently scent-marked than did tamarins. Evidence of preference for kin males was seen in the significantly decreased frequencies of these behaviors in the presence of kin males over those observed in the presence of novel males. It is argued that, under field conditions, cooperation between male callitrichids may be facilitated by kinship. Further, twin births, short gestation lengths, and interbirth intervals seen in callitrichid primates all contribute to the number of socially familiar kin with which an individual animal might cooperate. PMID- 3147599 TI - [Physiopathologic justification of long-term oxygen therapy in chronic respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 3147600 TI - [Long-term oxygen therapy: does a toxic risk exist?]. PMID- 3147601 TI - [Preliminary evaluation, setting up and surveillance of long-term oxygen therapy at home]. PMID- 3147602 TI - [Current concept of the indications and long-term results of long-term oxygen therapy in adults]. PMID- 3147603 TI - [Use of long-term oxygen therapy excluding obstructive bronchopneumopathies]. PMID- 3147604 TI - [Long-term oxygen therapy at home and neuropsychologic phenomena]. PMID- 3147605 TI - Modulation of human leukocyte antigen class I expression by gamma interferon in head and neck cancer cell lines. AB - One possible mechanism explaining the action of interferon (IFN) on squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) of the head and neck is the modulation of major histocompatibility antigen expression on tumor cells. We tested the ability of gamma interferon (gamma-IFN) to modulate major histocompatibility class I antigens and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-M) on two carcinoma cell lines derived from SqCC of the head and neck. Major histocompatibility class I antigens and beta 2-M were detected using a two-step immunochemical stain; antigen expression was quantified using flow cytometry. gamma-IFN increased constitutive antigen expression by as much as five times on both cell lines. Maximum modulation was seen within 72 hours of exposure to gamma-IFN at clinically attainable doses (10 U/mL to 100 U/mL). The presence of gamma-IFN in cell cultures was necessary for continued modulation of surface antigens. These findings suggest a possible mechanism of action and encourage further clinical trials with gamma-IFN. PMID- 3147606 TI - A controlled study of advice versus extended treatment. PMID- 3147607 TI - Display of the composition of polychlorinated biphenyls. PMID- 3147608 TI - Characteristics of the beta-lactam synthesizing enzymes of Streptomyces clavuligerus, Cephalosporium acremonium, and Penicillium chrysogenum. PMID- 3147609 TI - Proteases from extreme thermophiles. PMID- 3147610 TI - Lactose hydrolysis and oligosaccharide formation catalyzed by beta-galactosidase. Kinetics and mathematical modeling. PMID- 3147611 TI - Gonorrhea in the newborn. AB - Gonorrhea prevalence in pregnant women in the United States is generally low (less than 1%), although the prevalence in certain subsets of the population remains a matter of concern. Rates of 10% have been found in some central city adolescent prenatal clinics. Rates as high as this are quite often found in developing countries. The risks of transmission to the newborn are well studied for ophthalmia neonatorum and are 30%-40%. The risks of disseminated gonococcal infection of the newborn (sepsis or arthritis) are unmeasured, but are clearly rare events. In developing countries, maternal gonorrheal infection has been linked to premature delivery, which had been previously suggested in earlier studies in the United States. There is no evidence that the increasing occurrence of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrheae (PPNG) affects maternal-neonatal transmission other than to require alternative therapy. PMID- 3147612 TI - Sexually transmitted pathogens in mother and newborn. Strategies for control. PMID- 3147613 TI - [Role of cricopharyngeal myotomy associated with diverticuloplexy in the treatment of Zenker's diverticulum (15 years' experience)]. PMID- 3147614 TI - In vivo measurement of cytosolic free calcium during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. AB - An increase in cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) may trigger irreversible cell injury following cerebral ischemia. We have measured changes in [Ca2+]i in cat cortex in vivo during ischemia produced by 1 hour of middle cerebral artery occlusion and during 30 minutes of reperfusion. Indo-1, a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, was loaded into the exposed cortex by superfusion, and changes in the [Ca2+]i signal (400/506 nm ratio) were measured microfluorometrically during ultraviolet excitation (340 nm). The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD/NADH) redox state and hemodynamic changes were measured simultaneously. The animals showing severe deterioration in their electroencephalograms (EEG) showed a progressive increase in the [Ca2+]i signal during ischemia (baseline: 1.46 +/- 0.05; 60 minutes after occlusion: 2.99 +/- 0.37; n = 7). At 30 minutes following reperfusion, the animals showing little recovery in their EEG exhibited a further increase in [Ca2+]i (4.71 +/- 0.87, n = 3), whereas animals showing significant recovery in their EEG also showed recovery of [Ca2+]i (1.55 +/- 0.09, n = 4). By contrast, the moderate or mild stroke animals with less deterioration in their EEGs showed no increase in [Ca2+]i during either ischemia or reperfusion. These data suggest that the increase in [Ca2+]i might be closely related not only to deterioration of brain function during ischemia but also to poor recovery during the reperfusion period. PMID- 3147615 TI - Analysis of polychlorobiphenyl congeners in Wisconsin fish. PMID- 3147616 TI - Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in sediments, plankton, molluscs, crustaceans, and eel in a freshwater lake: implications of using reference chemicals and indicator organisms in bioaccumulation studies. PMID- 3147617 TI - Early biochemical changes produced by malathion on toad embryos. PMID- 3147618 TI - [Chemical modification of ristomycin A with bifunctional reagents]. AB - Various bifunctional reagents by the free NH2 group of ristomycinic acid of ristomycin A were used for selective chemical modification of the antibiotic. The bifunctional reagents were the following: di-N-hydroxysuccinimide ether of suberic acid and 4,4'-difluoro-3,3'-dinitrodiphenylsulfone. Bis-N,N'-derivatives of ristomycin A were prepared using these reagents. The derivatives inhibited the growth of Bac. subtilis but the concentrations required for the inhibition were 2 4 times higher than those of ristomycin A. It was noted that the MIC of the bis N,N'-derivatives depended on the length and flexibility of the "binding foot". The MIC of the bis-N,N'-derivative prepared with using suberic acid was 2 times higher than that of the derivative prepared with the use of 4,4'-difluoro-3,3' dinitrodiphenylsulfone. PMID- 3147620 TI - [Molecular heterogeneity of circulating gonadotropins in menopause]. PMID- 3147619 TI - [Characteristics of the response to serum IgA antibodies in the rat]. PMID- 3147621 TI - [Frequency of ABO and Rh (D) in three generations of a population from the metropolitan area of Monterrey, N. L. Mexico]. PMID- 3147622 TI - [A centennial: tetralogy of Fallot (1888-1988)]. PMID- 3147623 TI - [Development of left intraventricular thrombi. Monitoring by two-dimensional echocardiography and scintigraphy with indium 111-labelled platelets]. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiography and indium 111-labelled platelet scintigraphy have proved helpful in the diagnosis of left intraventricular thrombosis. In this study, both methods were used to investigate the time-related changes undergone by such thrombi in 30 patients (26 with myocardial infarction, 4 with dilated cardiomyopathy) who presented with left intraventricular thrombosis diagnosed by echocardiography and systematically explored by indium scintigraphy. These 30 patients were divided into 2 groups depending on whether the initial scintigraphy was positive (group I, 19 patients) or negative (group II, 11 patients). The follow-up (mean 21.6 months) was clinical and paraclinical, with control echocardiography repeated at 1.5 and 8.5 months in both groups and control scintigraphy at 1.5 month in group I patients. At the 1.5 month echocardiography, the intraventricular thrombosis persisted in 14/16 examinations in group I patients and in only 2/10 examinations in group II patients (p less than 0.01). At the 1.5 month scintigraphy, performed in 16/19 group I patients, this examination had become negative in 8 cases, whereas the 2D-echocardiography remained positive. During the follow-up period 4 patients in group I had an embolic accident, as against none of the group II patients (p less than 0.01); 3 of these 4 patients had persistent uptake at control scintigraphy. At echocardiography, only a protrusion image seemed to be predictive, as it was present in 3 of 4 patients with embolic accident.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147625 TI - [Characteristics and prognosis of ventricular arrhythmia in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]. AB - The authors report their findings in 47 cases of ventricular arrhythmias due to arrhythmogenic dysplasia. The 47 patients were selected on the presence of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation associated with dysplasia affecting selectively (44/47) or predominantly (3/47) the right ventricle at angiography. In this series males were predominant (38/47, 81 p. 100), familial incidence was high (13/47, 28 p. 100) and ECG abnormalities were constant. Most of the dysrhythmias (40/47) consisted of sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) with left bundle branch block pattern (96 p. 100), occurring at the rate of 1.6 per patient on average and seldom with extreme axial deviation, as seen in post infarction VT or VT associated with cardiomyopathy. The QRS complex was slightly prolonged (151 +/- 28 ms) and of high amplitude (2.5 +/- 1 mV on a VR, a VL and a VF leads), these values being intermediate between those of mild VT bursts and those of post-infarction or cardiomyopathy-related VT. The tachycardia was easily tippered by EP study, Intercritical Holter recordings showed frequent ventricular extrasystoles in the vast majority of cases; these were usually polymorphous and grouped into short bursts in one-half of the patients. On an 8.3 +/- 7 years' follow-up starting with the first attack of VT, it was found that only during the initial phase the spontaneous onset of VT was mediated by the adrenergic system (triggered by sports). Only 3 patients died during the follow-up period: one of ventricular fibrillation, 2 of right heart failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147624 TI - [Prognostic value at 12 months of two-dimensional echocardiography performed during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. A prospective study of 140 patients]. AB - A two-dimensional echocardiography was performed in the acute phase of myocardial infarction in 140 consecutive patients admitted to hospital for transmural infarction 12 +/- 3 days on average after necrosis was formed. The examination consisted of 4 ventricular sections, including 2 through the apex: 8 ventricular segments were individualized, to be interpreted only when 50 p. 100 of the endocardium was visualized. An echocardiographic score was devised for the kinetics of each ventricular segment, i.e.: -1:dyskinetic, 0:akinetic, +1:hypokinetic, +2: normal, +3:hyperkinetic. The maximum score corresponding to normal contraction of all segments was 16. The hospital results were a mean score of 6.52 +/- 2.90 for 73 anterior and/or lateral infarctions and a mean score of 12.5 +/- 2.38 for 67 inferior infarctions (p less than 0.001). Correlations between echographic scores and angiographic ejection fractions were studied in 99 of the 140 patients. Good correlation between the two examinations was found in 91 cases, with a less than or equal to 6/16 score corresponding to a less than or equal to 40 p. 100 ejection fraction, and a greater than or equal to 7/16 score to a less than or equal to 40 p. 100 ejection fraction. This showed that echocardiography can be relied upon to detect abnormalities of left ventricular kinetics in myocardial infarction. 137 patients were followed up for a mean period of 16.4 months (range: 12 to 25 months). The follow-up was clinical and included angina, recurrent or extended infarction, heart failure, aorto-coronary bypass and mortality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147626 TI - [Early peak activity of creatine kinase in non-thrombolysed myocardial infarction: prognostic factor?]. AB - The time elapsed between the onset of pain and serum creatine kinase (CK) peak activity is an indirect marker of reperfusion in the thrombolytic treatment of myocardial infarction, and some authors regard this time as a prognostic factor in infarctions not treated with thrombolysis. CK activity was measured in 90 consecutive patients (mean age 66.9 +/- 13.7 years) with acute myocardial infarction (anginal pain + ECG signs + CK greater than 160 3U/l, including 40 p. 100 of CK MB). Measurements began at the time of admission to the intensive care unit and were repeated 6-hourly until CK levels returned to normal. Mean time of CK peak activity was 19.30 +/- 7.15 h after the initial pain (8 to 55 hours prior to admission). This time was not influenced by age, sex, presence or absence of risk factors and history of coronary disease, nor by the anterior or transmural location of the infarct. In contrast, an early arrival at the intensive care unit was associated with an early CK peak: patients who reached the unit within 6 hours or less had a peak at 18.15 +/- 6 h, whereas those who arrived after 6 h had a peak at 22.30 +/- 9.30 h (p less than 0.01). In addition, cases of infarction without Q wave and with an initially elevated ST segment had an earlier peak than the others (16.30 +/- 5.30 h vs 19 +/- 6.45 h in transmural infarctions and vs 24.30 +/- 7.30 h in infarctions with initially depressed ST; p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147627 TI - [Results of programmed ventricular stimulation in primary dilated cardiomyopathy]. AB - Programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS) has been advocated as being capable of identifying patients with idiopathic non obstructive dilated cardiomyopathy (NOCM) and at high risk of sudden death. We have studied the results of that method in 56 patients aged from 29 to 69 years (mean 53 years) presenting with idiopathic NOCM. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of ventricular tachycardia (VT). Group I (controls) comprised 23 patients without documented VT. Group II consisted of 33 patients with documented VT which was sustained in 5 cases. Finally, 7 patients from both groups experienced losses of consciousness. Ventricular stimulation was performed on 2 sites of the right ventricle, using 1 to 3 extrastimuli on 2 imposed cycles. It was repeated under isoprenaline on 25 occasions. PVS induced non sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) in only 2 patients of group I; it reproduced the sustained ventricular tachycardia (SVT) observed in the 5 patients with spontaneous SVT. PVS was negative in 14 of the 28 patients with NSVT; it induced NSVT in 8/28 and SVT in 6/28 (including 4 with more than 280 beats/min). The isoprenaline test failed to induce SVT. 7 patients died suddenly: 3 presented with SVT and 4 had syncopes and NSVT; ventricular stimulation induced SVT in 3 of these 4 patients. It is concluded that induction of sustained VT is uncommon in NOCM, but a history of syncope should prompt a search for SVT. Patients with spontaneous symptomatic NSVT and inducible SVT must be considered at high risk of sudden death. PMID- 3147628 TI - [Cardiac arrhythmia observed in 400 workers without obvious heart disease by Holter monitoring]. AB - To obtain information on the cardiac rhythm characteristics of subjects without heart disease during their daily work, we examined the continuous 24-hour electrocardiographic recordings of 400 workers from 4 factories in Eastern France presenting with criteria of cardiac normality. Sex, age and socio-professional category were taken into account. Supraventricular extrasystoles were extremely common, being observed in 52 p. 100 of men and 39 p. 100 of women. In men, the frequency of these extrasystoles increased with age (p less than 0.001), and their number was less than 20 per 24 hours in 90 p. 100 of the cases. Ventricular extrasystoles were detected in 40 p. 100 of men and 32 p. 100 of women. They too were age-related, though not significantly. Their number was less than 10 per 24 hours in 68 p. 100 of the cases and 10 to 50 per 24 hours in 28 p. 100. These ventricular extrasystoles usually were monomorphous, regularly coupled (92 p. 100) and isolated. However, 2 attacks of tachycardia were discovered. Episodes of bradyarrhythmia (RR superior or equal to 1500 ms) were present in 25 p. 100 of men and 19 p. 100 of women. They occurred more frequently before the age of 35 than later (p less than 0.001) and the recordings confirmed that they were predominantly nocturnal. Recordings without "disorders of rhythm" were relatively rare (20 p. 100 of men, 28.5 p. 100 of women). Finally, there was no clear-cut correlation between the prevalence or characteristics of these various "rhythmic abnormalities" and the type of professional activity. PMID- 3147630 TI - [Transesophageal stimulation in the treatment of atrial flutter and tachysystole. Factor influencing immediate results]. AB - The effectiveness and safety of transoesophageal atrial pacing in the treatment of atrial flutter and tachycardia have been well demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that could influence the results of this method at the end of the procedure. Seventy-seven transoesophageal atrial pacings were performed in 62 unselected consecutive patients with either flutter or atrial tachycardia. The following parameters could be evaluated in 55 patients: date of onset of the arrhythmia, echocardiographic diameter of the left atrium, maximum amplitude of oesophageal atrial potentials, voltage and frequency of stimuli in the last stage of pacing. Our results can be summarized as follows: In both flutter and atrial tachycardia taken globally, conversion to sinus rhythm was obtained in 37 p. 100 of the cases, and conversion to atrial fibrillation in 46.7 p. 100 of the cases. The failure rate was 19.4 p. 100; all failures were due to lack of atrial capture during pacing. The main factor or transoesophageal atrial capture is voltage. Patients must be able to tolerate the voltage needed for capture. In the case of flutter, when capture was achieved a normal-sized left atrium and a high maximum amplitude of oesophageal atrial potentials were factors indicating that conversion to sinus rhythm could be expected. This, however, did not apply to atrial tachycardia. -- Whatever the type of tachyarrhythmia, the more recent its onset the easier its reduction. PMID- 3147629 TI - [Cardiac transplantation at the University Hospital Center of Nantes. 2 years' experience]. AB - Between March, 1985 and April, 1987, 25 orthotopic heart transplantations were performed in 20 men and 5 women aged from 17 to 58 years (mean 42 years) on account of cardiomyopathy (n = 15), ischaemic heart disease (n = 6) or miscellaneous lesions (n = 4). The immunosuppressive treatment consisted of antilymphocyte serum and corticosteroids during 10 days; cyclosporine was introduced on the 7th day and continued thereafter in association with low-dose corticosteroid therapy. Endomyocardial biopsies were performed. Acute rejection, responsible for 2 deaths (one on the 10th day, the other in the 10th week), usually occurred within the first 3 months. Infections were frequent and often serious, resulting in one death in the 7th week. One out of patients had to be treated for arterial hypertension, and 3 patients presented with renal impairment (blood creatinine over 200 mumoles/l). The actuarial survival rate at 2 years is 84 p. 100. More than one-half of the patients have resumed social and occupational activities. PMID- 3147631 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty of mitral stenosis. Apropos of 17 cases]. AB - Percutaneous mitral commissurotomy using balloon catheters was attempted in 17 patients (16 of whom were women) with rheumatic mitral valve stenosis. The patients' age ranged from 15 to 34 years (men 21 years). Functionally, 15 of the patients were in stage III of the New York Heart Association classification, and 2 were in stage II. Sinus rhythm was present in all cases. Slight mitral regurgitation was noted in 2 cases, associated with mild aortic disease in one of them; 3 other patients presented with slight aortic regurgitation. In all 17 cases the mitral stenosis was tight, uncalcified, with flexible valves and little or no alteration of the subvalvular system. One single balloon catheter was used in 11 patients and 2 balloon catheters were introduced simultaneously in the remaining 6 patients. The new therapeutic method was successful in all patients. Following valvuloplasty, the mean transmitral gradient was reduced from 25 +/- 3 to 11 +/- 2 mmHg (P less than 0.001), the mean capillary pressure fell from 26.8 +/- 7.1 to 13.5 +/- 3.7 mmHg (P less than 0.001) and the cardiac index increased from 3.3 +/- 1 to 4.2 +/- 1.2 l/min/m2 (P less than 0.001). The mitral valve area, measured by two-dimensional echocardiography, increased from 1.0 +/- 02 to 2.1 +/- 0.3 cm2 (P less than 0.001). The mitral valve regurgitation observed in 2 patients before valvuloplasty was aggravated, although still moderate, in one of them and remained stable in the other. PMID- 3147632 TI - [Anticoagulants in the treatment of severe pulmonary embolism. A prospective study]. AB - This prospective study was designed to obtain information on the fate of patients with severe pulmonary embolism who received anticoagulants as first-line treatment, in order to identify those in whom other treatments available might be expected to reduce mortality or sequelae. Thirty-seven patients selected as they showed evidence of acute cor pulmonale entered the study. Seven of them (18.9 p. 100) died in hospital, and these were patients whose age (p = 0.004), degree of pulmonary obstruction (p = 0.008) and serum lactate dehydrogenase level (p = 0.001) were significantly higher than those of the other patients. The mean values of these parameters (64 years, 72 p. 100 and 450 IU/l respectively) made it possible to select patients with a high risk of death. At the end of the follow-up period (25 +/- 12 months) only 2 patients complained of moderate dyspnoea, in contrast with the high incidence (17/18 patients) of paraclinical abnormalities observed 3 months after the initial accident. We conclude that clinical trials comparing other treatments with the one we used would be useful if their objective was to reduce mortality in high risk patients. On the other hand, it seems impossible to demonstrate a functional improvement: we found our treatment satisfactory and its results independent of the abnormalities observed on the 3rd month. PMID- 3147633 TI - [Brucella endocarditis caused by reinfection of an aortic Starr valve. Apropos of a case with a favorable development after valvular replacement]. AB - We report the case of a 36-year old male patient who was admitted for subacute endocarditis on an aortic prosthetic valve implanted 14 years previously for endocarditic valve regurgitation; no pathogen had been isolated at that time. Nine blood cultures were positive for Brucella abortus. The conventional antibiotic therapy did not prevent the formation of an abscess below the aortic annulus. A third antibiotic combination (quinolone and rifampicin) resulted in pyrexia prior to surgery. An atrioventricular block initially noted raised the problem of an associated myocarditis. The risk of Brucella infection existed before the first operation, and five serological tests were positive for that organism between the two episodes, which makes reinfection highly probable. This is the third case of Brucella endocarditis on a prosthetic valve. Its originality lies in its mechanism. PMID- 3147634 TI - [Natural history of the regression of atherosclerosis: from animal models to men]. AB - Numerous studies carried out on animal models (apes excepted) have given encouraging results as regards the regression of experimental atherosclerosis after return to a normal or hypocaloric diet combined or not with various drugs. Regression is more obvious when lesions are recent and less severe: lipid striae disappear in less than 12 months, whereas more advanced and complicated lesions take years to regress. Intracellular lipids and cell alterations vanish more readily than extracellular lipids and alterations of connective and matrical tissues. Excessive accumulation of collagen accounts for the irreversibility of complicated plaques. Lesions of the intima are less stubborn than those of the media. Involution does not take place at the same time in coronary vessels and in the aorta. In non human primates, however, no noticeable regression is observed before several months if not years. In these animals, the degree and rapidity of involution after return to the normal vegetarian diet depend on the severity of the lesions induced, on the degree of fibrosis, on the level of residual hypercholesterolaemia and on the adjunction to the diet of certain drugs such as cholestyramine or alpha-alpha. The results of therapeutic trials conducted in man have not been so good because the patients treated had old and severe atherosclerosis: after a few years' treatment with low-cholesterol diet and appropriate drugs less than 10 p. 100 of them showed a clear-cut angiographic improvement. It is therefore illusory to rely on spontaneous regression when tackling a case of clinically detectable atherosclerosis. A preventive treatment is more promising, since infraclinical lesions may regress. PMID- 3147635 TI - [History of electricity in cardiology. 2]. PMID- 3147636 TI - [Reproducibility of myocardial ischemia induced by atrial stimulation]. AB - Reproducibility of myocardial ischemia induced by atrial pacing (P) was investigated in 25 patients (pts) without previous anterior myocardial infarction and showing a positive exercise stress test. The second period of atrial pacing (P2) was exerted 20 minutes after the first (P1). During P2, a reduction in the parameters reflecting myocardial oxygen requirements (maximal left ventricular pressure, dp/dt max, TTI*HR values) was noted, while the signs of ischemia were less pronounced (ST depression decreasing from 2.3 +/- 1 mm to 1.6 +/- 1.0 mm; % of lactate extraction (%L) decreasing from - 6.4 +/- 25.5 to + 8.5 +/- 19.2; p less than 0.5). The 25 pts were divided into 2 groups according to the ejection fraction (EF greater than .55 16 pts Gr.F+; EF less than .55 9 pts Gr.F-). The distribution of coronary lesions was the same for the 2 groups. During P1 GR.F+ registered a negative % L as opposed to Gr.F-. During P2, the difference in the % L between the 2 groups was also significant (2.6 +/- 19.9% F+ vs 18.9 +/- 14.3% F ; p less than .05). Collateral circulation had no effect upon the results, neither for P1 or P2. This study shows that a second period of atrial pacing, 20 minutes after the first, induced lesser ischemia than the first period of atrial pacing. This phenomenon could explain the paradoxical improvement observed in certain patients after a first episode of angina. These results have implications as regards the necessity of double blind studies compared to placebo when using this technique in the evaluation of the effects of anti-ischemic drugs. PMID- 3147637 TI - [Prognostic factors in dilated cardiomyopathies]. AB - One hundred and sixteen patients (mean age 46 years) with dilated cardiomyopathy documented by haemodynamic investigations and angiography with normal coronary arteriography were followed up for a mean period of 29 +/- 19 months. During that period, 36% of the patients died after a follow-up of 30 +/- 20 months. The actuarial death rates were 15% at 2 years, 45% at 6 years and 60% at 10 years. The main factors predictive of survival at 10 years were the clinical and haemodynamic markers of left heart failure. The death rate was multiplied by 1.6 in patients in stages III or IV of the NYHA classification (83% vs 51%, p less than 0.01), by 2.6 in patients with left ventricular end-diastolic pressure above 15 mmHg (73% vs 29%, p less than 0.01), by 2.2 when the indexed end-diastolic volume rose above 200 ml/m2 (75% vs 35%, p less than 0.01), by 2.2 when the left ventricular ejection fraction was below 40% (75% vs 35%, p less than 0.05) and by 2.6 when angiographic mitral valve regurgitation was present (75% vs 34%, p less than 0.01). The death rate at 9 years was 2.3 times higher in patients with left bundle branch block (72% vs 36%, p less than 0.05). A cardiothoracic index over 0.60 proved to be of poor prognosis at one year (death rate: 19%). While alcoholism played no part in the prognosis, the death rate in smokers was consistently higher than in non smokers (56% vs 32% at 6 years, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147638 TI - [Ablation of atrio-ventricular conduction by fulguration of the His bundle. Proposal for a simplified technic. Apropos of 70 cases]. AB - Between 1982 and 1987, 70 patients (32 men, 38 women, aged from 45 to 93 years) underwent catheter ablation of His bundle and were followed up for more than 3 months. The disorders treated were atrial fibrillation, flutter of tachycardia (62 cases), junctional tachycardia (7 cases) and refractory atrial extrasystoles (1 case). The overall results were: early failure in 1 case, late death in 3 cases, persistent high degree AV block in 53 cases (75 p. 100), 1st degree AV block in 9 cases (12 p. 100) and failure in 8 cases (13 p. 100). Two techniques were used. In the first 30 patients ablation was performed by tri- or quadripolar catheters with electrodes 10 mm apart (USCI 2943/2854) and localization by an unipolar electrode connected to the negative pole of the defibrillator. The mid term results in this series were: complete AV block in 20 cases (66 p. 100), partial AV block in 5 cases (17 p. 100) and failure in 17 cases (17 p. 100). In the last 40 patients localization was bipolar and ablation was obtained with simultaneous bipolar leads taken from a Josephson catheter with electrodes 5 mm apart (USCI 8567); the two electrodes recording the highest His bundle potential were connected to the negative pole of the defibrillator. The results in these series were: complete AV block in 33 cases (82 p. 100), partial AV block in 4 cases (11 p. 100) and failure in 3 cases (7 p. 100). Although the two series were not exactly similar, it seems permissible to recommend the second, more convenient technique. PMID- 3147639 TI - [Electrophysiologic effects of intravenous flecainide in intranodal junctional tachycardia in 30 patients]. AB - The electrophysiological effects of flecainide acetate were studied in 30 patients (10 men, 20 women, mean age 48.3 +/- 18 years) suffering from sustained re-entrant intranodal tachycardia. A 2 mg/kg dose of flecainide administered over 10 minutes was given after the onset of sustained tachycardia within 3.8 +/- 2.3 min in 25 of the 30 patients; this was effected by a block in the retrograde leg of the circuit in 22 patients and by a block in the anterograde leg in 3 patients. In the remaining 5 patients the tachycardia was slowed down (367 +/- 27 ms vs 431 +/- 48 ms) chiefly by prolongation of the atrioventricular anterograde conduction. No significant side-effect was observed while the drug was being injected. Following treatment with flecainide, tachycardia was no longer inducible in 24 out of 30 patients (A) and it remained inducible in 6 patients (B, non-responders). The initial electrophysiological exploration revealed differences between these two groups in retrograde conduction: prolongation of the ventriculoatrial time during incremental ventricular stimulation (A: 41 +/- 32 ms vs B: 81 +/- 142 ms, p less than 0.05) and prolongation of the atrioventricular time above 100 ms (A: 2/24 patients, B: 3/6 patients, p less than 0.01). The following electrophysiological parameters were significantly (p less than 0.01) ,modified after intravenous flecainide: AH and HV conduction intervals, atrial refractory periods, anterograde and retrograde atrioventricular conduction. Complete retrograde block was observed in 12 patients of group A. Thus, in this study flecainide arrested a reciprocal intranodal rhythm in 25 out of 30 patients and prevented the reinduction of tachycardia in 24 of these.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147640 TI - [Echocardiographic aspects of pericardial metastases. Apropos of 7 cases]. AB - Modern two-dimensional imaging is of such quality that echocardiography is now capable of detecting intrapericardial formations. Three morphological types of abnormal intrapericardial echoes have been described: round masses, mattresses and linear echoes. These have been observed in effusions of various origin and seem to be lacking in aetiological specificity. In order to determine more precisely the echocardiographic signs of pericardial metastases, the authors have analyzed 7 cases of intrapericardial masses visualized in a series of 10 patients with metastatic pericardial effusion and examined in two-dimensional mode. These were echogenic and dense masses implanted on the pericardium and subject to cyclic movements linked with those of that membrane. Morphologically, they fell into two categories: round and sessile masses (6 cases) 8 to 23 mm high and 22 to 48 mm wide at their implantation; they were found mostly opposite the cardiac apex (4 cases) and/or in the lateral wall of the right ventricle (3 cases), oval formations (2 cases) which were 70 mm long and 17 mm wide in one case and 50 mm long and 15 mm wide in the other. One patient had two masses of different shapes. A review of the literature showed that these two echocardiographic images corresponded to two macroscopic types of pericardial invasion: either tumoral nodules or infiltration plaques betraying a diffuse invasion of the pericardium. All masses observed by the authors were located on the visceral leaflet of the pericardium. This predominantly epicardial location might be due to the visceral leaflet being selectively invaded by retrograde lymphatic embolization from the mediastinal lymph nodes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147641 TI - [Multiparameter correlative study of respiratory gas exchange during exercise]. AB - Patients with chronic heart failure were evaluated simultaneously by conventional methods and by heart-lung exploration during exercise with the purpose of validating the latter method. Only 50 patients were evaluated on two occasions and therefore included in the correlative statistical study. In this study such data as NYHA classification, cardiothoracic ratio, ejection fraction, echocardiographic fibre shortening fraction and biochemical values (venous lactate, plasma noradrenaline levels) were compared with data obtained from evaluation during exercise, i.e. VO2 max, VO2 peak, anaerobic threshold, oxygen pulse, VCO2, O2 equivalent and respiratory quotient, alveolar ventilation per minute, duration and load of exercise. Very good correlation was found with the indices obtained from VO2 and in particular with the O2 pulse and the VO2 max percentage. Good correlation was also found with VCO2 and the O2 equivalent as well as with alveolar ventilation per minute. In contrast, the anaerobic threshold and respiratory quotient correlated poorly with the first set of data and therefore were disappointing. It appears from this study that the indices obtained from VO2 are highly representative of the heart-lung unit in patients with heart failure. It seems, however, that the muscular status of the patients plays a considerable role in their exercise capacity. We suggest that these indices should be used in clinical pharmacology studies. PMID- 3147642 TI - [Infantile cardiology: bioethics, political and economical contexts]. PMID- 3147644 TI - [Against the systematic practice of invasive tests during preoperative evaluation of heart valve diseases]. PMID- 3147643 TI - [Opportunity of invasive studies in evaluating acquired chronic heart valve diseases in adults]. PMID- 3147645 TI - [Contribution of nuclear magnetic resonance in right atrial angiosarcoma. Apropos of a case]. AB - A 25-year old female patient was admitted to hospital for respiratory failure with pulmonary miliary. Subsequently, clinical signs of pericardial tamponade developed. Echocardiography showed a tumour of the right atrium. Malignancy of the tumour was strongly suspected on the basis of magnetic resonance findings. At surgery, the tumour could not be removed and multiple biopsies showed that it was an angiosarcoma with metastases in the lymph nodes and the lungs, the latter presenting as carcinomatous miliary. This case is of interest because of the unusual way the tumour was discovered with a possible alternative diagnosis of cardiac tuberculoma, and because of the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose cardiac tumours and evaluate the extension of those which are malignant. PMID- 3147647 TI - [History of electricity in cardiology. 3]. PMID- 3147646 TI - [Hemangio-endotheliosarcoma of the right atrium]. AB - In reporting a case of haemangiosarcoma of the right atrium the authors emphasize the problems encountered in the diagnosis of primary tumours of the heart. The patient was a 50-year old woman who complained of digestive disorders and palpitations. Physical examination showed signs of right heart failure associated with a systolic murmur on the right side of the sternum. ECG gave normal results. Echocardiography displayed a pouch with liquid ultrastructure communicating with the right atrium. Angiography confirmed the presence of a cavity with irregular borders communicating with the right atrium. Coronary arteriography showed an abnormal disorderly distribution of the right coronary artery branches with newly formed vessels extending toward the tumour. At exploratory thoracotomy a large liquid tumour was found which bled at the slightest touch and was attached to the mediastinum and the right pericardium. The pleura and the lung contained several nodules of the same venous colour as the mother tumour. Extemporaneous biopsy and pathological analysis were in favour of a haemangiosarcoma. The patient died a few days after the thoracotomy. PMID- 3147648 TI - [Effect of the sinusal rate on experimental vagal atrial arrhythmia]. AB - Factors that facilitate the occurrence of cholinergic atrial arrhythmias were studied on 16 rabbit biatrial preparations in spontaneous rhythm. Sinus cycle length and characteristics of the atrial action potential were measured by the microelectrode technique in the basal state, then in the presence of acetylcholine at a concentration of 1.4 x 10(-5) M. Induction of arrhythmia was attempted by programmed stimulation, using an increasing number of extrastimuli. In the presence of acetylcholine the sinus cycle length increased by 106 +/- 63 p. 100 (p less than 0.0001) and the action potential duration, measured at 90 p. 100 repolarization (APD90) decreased from 60 +/- 15 ms to 40 +/- 11 ms (p less than 0.001). Reentrant activities, which had not been found in the basal state, were induced in 5 preparations. Under acetylcholine the sinus cycle of inducible preparations was shorter than that of non inducible preparations (663 +/- 272 ms vs 1218 +/- 531 ms, p less than 0.05). The percentage of sinus cycle lengthening was significantly smaller in inducible preparations (54 +/- 31 p. 100 vs 129 +/- 60 p. 100, p less than 0.05). Although sinus cycle lengthening was different in the two types of preparations, the APD90 was shortened in the same proportions. The vulnerability of the preparations seemed to depend mainly on a frequency effect. Vagal atrial arrhythmias occurred with a relatively small reduction in sinus rhythm. It is probable that an overpotent vagal effect is less arrhythmogenic because of its more homogeneous action on tissues. PMID- 3147649 TI - [Attempt at in vitro decalcification of aortic valves using various types of lasers]. AB - The effects of three types of laser were studied in vitro on calcified aortic valves removed in the course of valve replacement. These were: 1) argon laser; 2) Nd-YAG laser with a long (1 ms) impulse, and 3) Nd-YAG laser with a short (10 ns) impulse. With the first two types of laser, lesions of carbonization and fragments detached from the areas treated were observed. With the 10 ns ND-YAG laser, a mean energy of 100 mj per shot excavated the calcified valves by drilling holes that were 0.5 to 1.5 mm in diameter and had clear-cut non carbonized borders. No residue was found during the procedure: the substance was simply vaporized. The splitting of several calcareous nodules on a valve made it more pliable. If it were possible to transfer this high peak energy onto a flexible optic fibre, the aortic valves could be decalcified by interventional catheterization. PMID- 3147650 TI - Lung and cervical lymph-node metastasis after cortisone enhancement in hamster cheek-pouch carcinogenesis. AB - The administration of hydrocortisone after excision of DMBA-induced tumours in hamster cheek pouch produced cervical lymph-node metastases in 9 out of 13 animals (69 per cent), and resulted in lung metastasis in 1 animal. In the control group, which received no cortisone but had tumours cut from the pouch, 4 out of 9 animals had cervical lymph-node metastases (44 per cent). PMID- 3147652 TI - Histochemical localization of prostaglandin-synthetase in the salivary glands of Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis. AB - The cellular distribution of prostaglandin-synthetase was studied in the salivary glands of Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis. Only the epithelial cells of the ducts showed discrete prostaglandin-synthetase activity, whereas the acini and the stroma gave completely negative results in all three salivary glands of both sexes. The presence of exogenous substrates was not required for the reaction, since identical results are observed following incubation with and without arachidonic acid. The localization of prostaglandin synthetase in the ductal epithelia of Praomys salivary glands is related to a possible regulatory role of the prostaglandins on the reabsorptive activity of the ductal cells. PMID- 3147651 TI - Further evaluation of first morning urinary oestrogen in monitoring gonadotrophin therapy. AB - Efficient gonadotrophin therapy requires both biochemical and ultrasonic measurements of ovarian response. Biochemical monitoring can take the form of measurement of plasma oestradiol levels or urinary oestrogen excretion. Levels of first morning urinary oestrogen to creatinine ratio have been shown to correlate well with 24-hour total urinary oestrogen excretion. Such urine collection is not cumbersome and is less invasive than daily venepuncture. Eighty gonadotrophin treatment cycles were evaluated by first morning urinary oestrogen to creatinine ratio and ultrasound scanning of follicles. Analysis confirmed that the ratio correlated significantly both with plasma oestradiol and 24-hour urinary oestrogen levels. The administration of the ovulating dose of human chorionic gonadotrophin depended primarily on ultrasonic demonstration of the presence of mature follicles in the ovaries. There was no increased incidence of multiple gestation or hyperstimulation syndrome in 135 treatment cycles. It is concluded that first morning urinary oestrogen to creatinine ratio is a convenient and cheap method of efficient biochemical monitoring of ovarian response to gonadotrophin therapy. PMID- 3147653 TI - Opening of blood-brain barrier in Triturus cristatus carnifex by hyperosmolar mannitol solutions. AB - The permeability of the newt cerebral capillaries to lanthanum ion has been studied after perfusion with mannitol solutions of increasing molarity. In the control specimens lanthanum deposits were limited to the luminal side of the capillaries and tracer did not spread to the pericapillary spaces due to the tight junctions. Treatment with hypertonic solutions of mannitol (0.25M, 0.5M, 1M) caused opening of the blood brain barrier with a progressive increase in lanthanum between the endothelial cell edges, in the basal lamina and in the extracellular spaces of the nervous parenchyma in relation to the molarity of the mannitol solution. The spread of lanthanum is probably due to opening of the tight junctions between the endothelial cells, since pinocytotic vesicles labelled with tracer were not evident. PMID- 3147655 TI - Monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis and treatment of infection. PMID- 3147654 TI - Cytokines in the regulation of allograft rejection. AB - Stimulation of T lymphocytes with alloantigen leads to release of both IL-2 and IFN-gamma. IL-2 enhances clonal expansion of alloantigen-activated T cells. This permits it to overcome acquired allograft tolerance which, at the efferent limb of the cellular immune response, is caused by reduced clone size of donor specific cytotoxic lymphocyte precursor cells. Cells exhibiting a low constitutive expression of class I MHC antigenes are refractory to lysis by cytotoxic T cells. This second type of tolerance located at the level of the allogeneic target cells can be easily broken by exogenous IFN-gamma, which increases the density of class I MHC antigens. There is suggestive evidence for enhanced endogenous production of lymphokines during rejection of cardiac allografts in mice and men. Rejection episodes are also associated with increased expression of class I and elevated frequency of class II MHC antigen-positive cells in the cardiac transplants. Whereas early immune recognition of histoincompatible grafts is primarily related to the presence of genetic barriers between donor and recipient, the further amplification of alloreactivity is driven by the release of antigen-unspecific lymphokines. Production of endogenous lymphokines can be modified by a variety of means: methylprednisone, ciclosporin and specific antibodies against lymphokines or their receptors represent effective inhibitors of this amplification mechanism which can finally lead to irreversible graft damage. It is well established in clinical experience that infectious complications subsequent to allografting may precipitate rejection or graft-vs.-host disease. Our finding of increased endogenous IFN-gamma levels during infections, in particular in those caused by cytomegalovirus, provides an explanation for this association.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147656 TI - Monoclonal antibody OKT3 in cardiac and renal transplantation. PMID- 3147657 TI - Genetic control of red-cell nucleoside transport and its association with the B blood-group locus and nucleoside phosphorylase activity in sheep. AB - Nucleoside transport in sheep red cells is controlled by two allelomorphic genes, the gene for nucleoside transport deficiency (NuI) being dominant to that for the functional presence of carrier-mediated nucleoside transport activity (Nui). Sheep are also polymorphic with respect to their red-cell nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) activity, some having high activities and others low activities of this enzyme. The gene for high activity (NPH) is incompletely dominant to that for low activity (NPL). Inheritance data indicate that the Nu locus is genetically linked to that for the B blood-group system and, in addition, exerts a pleiotropic effect on NP activity, Nu permeability stabilizing the heat-labile NPL gene product. Nu-permeable cells have a higher ATP content than Nu-impermeable red cells, and within the Nu-impermeable subgroup, NP deficiency causes a further reduction in red cell ATP concentration. It is concluded that the nucleoside inosine supplements glucose as a physiological energy substrate in sheep red cells. PMID- 3147659 TI - A study of the response to several dipsogenic treatments in rats with mammillary polydipsia and with centrally induced diabetes insipidus. AB - Several brain areas have been implicated in the regulation of water intake and body fluid homeostasis. Electrolytic lesions located in the mammillary area have proved to induce a strong polydipsia. The cause of this overconsumption is not understood, although other studies have indicated a possible relationship with the mechanisms involved in sodium control. In this paper, we consider whether mammillary polydipsia is related to diabetes insipidus. In this regard, animals with mammillary lesions were submitted to several dipsogenic treatments, both osmotic and volemic. These subjects showed a differential response to hypertonic NaCl compared with controls. No effect could be seen in relation to the other treatments employed, that is, sucrose and polyethylene glycol. On the other hand, this differential response to NaCl was not observed in those animals with diabetes insipidus centrally induced by means of lesions in the median eminence. Thus, mammillary polydipsia and diabetes insipidus-related water intake seem to be different phenomena. The possible relationship between mammillary polydipsia and sodium control is discussed. PMID- 3147658 TI - Glue proteins in Drosophila nasuta. AB - Larval glue protein fractions of Drosophila nasuta nasuta were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Seven major and at least four minor glue protein fractions were recognized. Six of the major fractions are glycosylated. They migrate as three prominent doublets (greater than 100, 43, and 30/28 kd). The synthesis of traceable amounts of these major fractions begins already during the second as well as during the early stages of the third larval instar. The 43-kd and the 30/28-kd fractions are coded by X chromosomal genes. They are probably clustered within the huge puff of division 10, which is the most prominent X-chromosomal puff in the polytene chromosomes of the third larval instar. Complex posttranslational modification of all but one major glue protein fraction (14 kd) leads to the formation of about 15 different protein fractions in the final glue product. The amount of glue protein produced by D. n. nasuta larvae (in relation to the total saliva proteins) is nearly twice the amount produced by D. melanogaster larvae (ca. 55 and 32%, respectively). PMID- 3147660 TI - Use of vaccinia virus vectors for development of AIDS vaccines. PMID- 3147661 TI - Primate models for evaluation of AIDS vaccines. PMID- 3147663 TI - Human trials of AIDS vaccines: novel means of passive and active immunotherapy. PMID- 3147662 TI - Perspectives on developing anti-idiotype-based vaccines for controlling HIV infection. PMID- 3147664 TI - Clinical treatment. Overview. PMID- 3147665 TI - The management of the neurological complications of HIV infection and AIDS. PMID- 3147666 TI - Treatment of malignant disease in AIDS patients. PMID- 3147667 TI - HIV heterogeneity and viral pathogenesis. AB - HIV research in the past year has elucidated many questions relevant to strategies for treatment and control. For instance, there is a greater understanding of the diversity of HIV isolates as well as the wide range of potential cells sensitive to infection. The search for a safe, effective vaccine now calls for more caution in the light of the discovery of neutralization resistant variants and antibody-mediated enhancement of infection. Efforts to control HIV must take into account the various mechanisms of virus entry into host cells, and the processes involved in cytopathic effects. Moreover, the role of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system as reservoirs for HIV particles should be recognized. Together with new information about cytokine induction of HIV, the concept of latent infection of monocytes and macrophages has profound implications for virus persistence and dissemination, especially in the seronegative individual. While many factors about HIV have been uncovered in the past year, several questions remain unanswered and new ones have arisen. For instance, in how many ways does the virus kill in host cell? What causes latency and why does it occur in some but not all hosts? How can virus-filled macrophage vesicles be reached by therapeutic agents or prevented from releasing HIV? What surveillance mechanisms allow some productively infected hosts (cells as well as individuals) to survive beyond expectation? These and other questions should provoke future research on this presently complex and challenging pathogen. PMID- 3147668 TI - The treatment and prevention of mycobacterial disease in patients with HIV infection. PMID- 3147669 TI - Bacterial infections in AIDS patients. AB - Bacterial infections cause a substantial burden of disease in the HIV-infected population. Like the opportunistic infections associated with AIDS, they are often usually severe. Unlike many AIDS-related opportunistic infections, however, many can be eradicated by therapy with the appropriate antibiotic, although some, like Salmonella sepsis, require prolonged suppressive therapy to prevent recurrences. Most importantly, the possibility of a bacterial infection should be kept in mind when evaluating any acutely ill HIV-infected patient, as therapy of bacterial disease is often curative while untreated infection can lead to severe morbidity and premature death. PMID- 3147670 TI - Pediatric infections and therapy. PMID- 3147671 TI - Psychosocial issues in HIV infection. PMID- 3147672 TI - AIDS--legal issues. PMID- 3147673 TI - AIDS and the ethics of public health: challenges posed by a maturing epidemic. PMID- 3147674 TI - Social impacts of the HIV epidemic. PMID- 3147676 TI - Political dimensions of AIDS. PMID- 3147675 TI - AIDS prevention: issues and strategies. AB - Prospects for vaccines to prevent HIV infection and disease have dimmed appreciably in the past year, and drugs for chemoprophylaxis and/or chemical cure are both unlikely and grossly unrealistic as a means of global HIV control. However, the paucity of transmission routes and their susceptibility to strategies of blood screening and of education for behavior modification point in a clear direction for concerted effort. Where they have been applied, blood screening programs have resulted in a dramatic reduction in transfusion associated infections, and efforts at enhancing donor- and unit-deferral strategies offer promise of further decrease in risk. There is much encouragement in recent reports of education for prevention. While there has been some unevenness in the extent to which successful risk reeducation has occurred, it is nonetheless dramatic compared with prior health educational efforts, and especially so given the exceptional sensitivity of the sexual and illicit drug using behaviors at issue. Finally, clearly articulated public education and particularly correction of misinformation, can contribute significantly to overall prevention efforts by easing fear and enhancing the climate in which persons at behavioral risk of HIV infection can receive and respond to targeted messages. PMID- 3147677 TI - Behavioral factors in the spread of HIV infection. PMID- 3147679 TI - Molecular biology of HIV. PMID- 3147680 TI - Heterosexual transmission of HIV. PMID- 3147678 TI - The global patterns and prevalence of AIDS and HIV infection. PMID- 3147681 TI - Epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS: incubation and infectious periods, survival and vertical transmission. PMID- 3147683 TI - AIDS: costs of care in the developed and the developing world. PMID- 3147682 TI - HIV and intravenous drug use. AB - There is now evidence from a wide variety of geographic areas that many intravenous drug users will change their behavior in order to reduce their risk of developing AIDS. There is even evidence from some areas that the behavior change has led to relative stabilization of seroprevalence rates, although longer term studies will be needed to establish this definitively. AIDS behavior change in the area of sexual risk reduction appears to be much more difficult than change of drug injection behavior. Conceptual models of AIDS-related behavior change are needed, particularly models that can incorporate the injection of different drugs and variation in social and psychological characteristics among drug injectors. There is increasing evidence for a wider spectrum of HIV-related morbidity and mortality among intravenous drug users than is captured by the current surveillance definition for AIDS, again emphasizing the need for effective prevention programs. PMID- 3147685 TI - Antigenic structures recognized by T cells: towards the rational design of an AIDS vaccine. PMID- 3147684 TI - The epidemiology of perinatal transmission of HIV. PMID- 3147686 TI - Comparison between counterimmunoelectrophoresis and double radial immunodiffusion in the detection of antibodies to topoisomerase I in sera from scleroderma patients. AB - Sera from 146 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis have been submitted to the detection of anti-Scl 70 antibodies by both double radial immunodiffusion (ID) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). CIE detected a significantly higher number of positive sera from patients with diffuse scleroderma, while no difference between the two techniques was noted in sera from patients with CREST variant. CIE increases the diagnostic importance of the serologic investigation in systemic sclerosis and gains a better distinction between subgroups of patients with different clinical expressions of this disease. PMID- 3147687 TI - Withdrawal of barbiturate anticonvulsant drugs: prospective controlled study. AB - A barbiturate (phenobarbital or primidone) was withdrawn over a period of 3 months from 25 institutionalized residents, all of whom had had three seizures or less in the past 6 months and were maintained on a nonsedating drug (phenytoin, carbamazepine, or valproic acid). Results were compared with a matched comparison group maintained on both drugs. Subjects withdrawn from primidone, but not those withdrawn from phenobarbital, had increased seizure frequency, probably due to withdrawal. After 14 months, seizure-free subjects withdrawn from barbiturates were no more likely to have had seizures than were comparison subjects. Barbiturates appear to be unnecessary and may be withdrawn. PMID- 3147688 TI - The blood vascular wreath of rat ovarian follicle, with special reference to its changes in ovulation and luteinization: a scanning electron microscopic study of corrosion casts. AB - Blood vascular casts of rat ovaries were prepared by injection of a low viscosity methacrylate medium, and observed by scanning electron microscopy. The proper vascular pattern of the rat ovarian follicle starts as a basket-like wreath of fine capillaries around the primary follicle. As the follicle grows larger, the wreath becomes more developed. The fully developed wreath around the Graafian follicle consists of sinusoidal capillaries. In ovulation, the apical area of the wreath is opened and the basal area of the wreath is elevated. After ovulation, the wreath shrinks and its opened area is closed, with markedly dilated vessels directly continuous with the arterial capillaries. The wreath then transforms, by intense new formation of capillaries, into a conglomerated sinusoidal capillary plexus with an avascular area within it. The avascular area soon disappears by continued intense formation of capillaries, in the plexus, and a complete and dense vascular network of the corpus luteum is formed. The capillaries of the fully developed corpus luteum are small in caliber and not sinusoidal in nature. Discontinuities of the capillaries and a flattening of the efferent branches are the initial signs of the degeneration of the corpus luteum. The small markedly degenerated corpus luteum contains only scattered thready capillaries. The corpus albicans contains few blood vessels. PMID- 3147689 TI - An electron microscope study of the development of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas with special reference to intercellular junctions. AB - Intercellular junctions in pancreatic acinar, duct and endocrine cells were studied by thin section and freeze-fracture methods in developing rats and mice. Undifferentiated cells were joined by the zonula occludens and isolated fragments of tight junctional strands. Small gap junctions were either occasionally associated with tight junctional strands or appeared independent of them. During the morphological differentiation of acinar cells, strands of the zonula occludens developed to form a complicated meshwork while gap junctions rapidly increased in size. Duct cells were joined by the less-developed zonula occludens but gap junctions were rarely seen. In the neonate, intercellular junctions were similar to those in adult acini and intercalated ducts. Endocrine cells were joined by maculae occludentes and small gap junctions. During late prenatal days, the macula occludens increased in size and gap junctions in number. Sometimes tight junctional strands disappeared to leave membrane elevations, some of which were associated with small gap junctions. Maculae occludentes on endocrine cells were gradually fragmentized and diminished during postnatal development. They were completely lost in the rat. These results suggest that intercellular junctions play important roles in pancreatic development. In particular, the transient development of maculae occludentes is associated with endocrine cell development, and intercellular communication mediated by gap junctions may be important for the differentiation of acinar and endocrine cells. PMID- 3147691 TI - Small granule-containing cells in the heart of the toad (Bufo melanostictus). AB - This study reveals the presence of small granule-containing cells in the heart of the toad, Bufo melanostictus. The cells were small in size (5-25 microns in diameter) and located in the interatrial septum. The small cells occurred singly or in small clusters within the cardiac ganglia or near the myocardial cells. They were characterized by numerous large dense core vesicles (80-300 nm) in their cytoplasm. With 5-hydroxydopamine treatment, the granularity of the large dense core vesicles was greatly intensified. The large dense core vesicles were variable in size and shape and extended into the long and short processes of the cells. Some of these processes were in close contact with myocardial cells. Other cytoplasmic organelles included rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, randomly distributed mitochondria and glycogen particles. Individual cells or cell clusters were usually ensheathed by a thin layer of cytoplasm from sheath cells. The small granule-containing cells in the present study correspond to the catecholamine-containing (SIF) cells described by earlier workers. These cells presumably regulate muscular and ganglionic activities by virtue of their close association. PMID- 3147690 TI - The role of renal macrophages in the aglomerular kidney of the sea-horse (teleost) in the removal of exogenous macromolecules from circulating blood. AB - Mechanisms involved in the removal of exogenous macromolecules from circulating blood were investigated in the aglomerular nephrons of the kidney of the sea horse, Hippocumpus kuda Bleeker, using either native anionic or cationized probes. After intraperitoneal injection of native anionic horse-spleen ferritin (HS-AF) or cationized one (HS-CF) into the sea-horse, kidneys and gills were examined morphologically at intervals of 1 h to 14 days. Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies and transmission electron microscopy of the kidneys revealed that most of the injected HS-AF or HS-CF were taken up by macrophages in the sinusoids of hemopoietic tissue through pinocytosis, being gradually accumulated into their phagolysosomes. By the 14th day, the injected ferritin particles were degraded and the ferric agglomerates were concentrated within the phagolysosomes. Then the macrophages heavily laden with densely packed ferric catabolites migrated into the hemopoietic area forming macrophage agglomerates or macrophage centers. Some HS-AF and HS-CF particles infiltrated into the tubular basement membrane, where they were taken up by the tubular epithelial cells through pinocytosis, translocated into the phagolysosomes, fragmented into small ferric catabolites and then excreted into the urinary space. In contrast, examination of the gills revealed neither HS-AF, HS-CF particles nor their histochemically detectable ferric catabolites in either the interstitial space including basal lamina or the alveolar epithelia. It seems that no appreciable egress of exogenous substances occurs from the gill into the environmental water. PMID- 3147692 TI - Topographical development of the supraoptic nucleus of the rat. AB - Topographical changes in the development of the principal part of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the rat were studied by analyzing its tridimensional images, from the intrauterine to the senescent stage. Evaluation of the growth rate of the SON was also made possible by this procedure. From the onset of the appearance of the SON, changes in its spatial orientation were marked by a progressive increase in the antero-posterior and medio-lateral dimensions. The ventro-dorsal one increased up to 6 months of age and then began to decrease progressively. These changes were accompanied by a ventral displacement that became indistinct at 6 months, whereas the lateral migration persisted. No rostro caudal displacement was recognized. Possible reasons for these changes are briefly discussed. PMID- 3147693 TI - The distribution and structure of the lymphatic system in dog atrioventricular valves. AB - A morphological study of the lymphatic system in atrioventricular (AV) valves of adult dogs and puppies was carried out using a series of techniques including India ink injection, a hydrogen peroxide technique, light microscopy, and electron microscopy. Lymphatic capillaries were found in all cusps of the AV valves, and were shown to extend delicate networks in the subendocardium of the atrial side of the valves. The extent of their development varied among cusps, being most prominent in the anterior cusp of the mitral valve. Marked differences were noted in the intravalvar distribution between lymphatic capillaries and blood microvessels. The ultrastructures of the lymphatic capillaries in the AV valves were also demonstrated. PMID- 3147695 TI - Immunocytochemical localizations of neuron-specific proteins in the taste bud of the guinea pig. AB - The taste buds and their nerves in the guinea pig were immunocytochemically investigated with regard to the localization of spot 35 protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neurofilament protein (NFP), and S-100 protein. The spot 35 protein-like immunoreactivity was confined to slender cells comprising half the number of taste bud cells. NSE-like immunoreactivity was recognized in some taste bud cells as well as nerve fibers both within the taste bud and in the subepithelial connective tissue. The NSE-immunoreactive cells were divided into two cell populations: one weakly and the other intensely immunoreactive. The former cells proved to be spot 35 protein-immunoreactive. Moreover, the cells immunoreactive for both spot 35 protein and NSE were frequently associated with nerve fibers immunostained intensely for NSE. The NFP- and S-100 protein-like immunoreactivities were found in none of cells in the taste bud, but exclusively in the subepithelial neural elements. PMID- 3147694 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of cytoplasmic filaments in rat anterior pituitary cells. AB - In order to demonstrate the occurrence of cytoplasmic filaments and their relationship to secretory granules, rat anterior pituitaries perfused with a detergent solution containing 0.5% Triton X-100 were observed with the scanning electron microscope. Thin section images and quick-freeze, deep-etching replica images were also studied. Scanning electron microscopy clearly demonstrated complicated networks of numerous cytoskeletal filaments in the cytoplasm of all the secretory cells of the anterior pituitary. These filaments can be classified into two groups on the basis of their diameter: thick filaments measuring 30-40 nm in diameter, and thin filaments 15-25 nm in diameter, each including the thickness of the platinum coat. The thick filaments, which run rather straight, are considered to be microtubules. The thin filaments attached to the surface of a secretory granule may connect it with an adjacent secretory granule, with cyto organelles, with the nucleus, or with the plasma membrane. Transmission electron microscopic images of thin sections and quick-freeze, deep-etching replicas confirm the occurrence of filamentous structures associated with the limiting membrane of the secretory granule. The fine filaments associated with the limiting membrane of the secretory granule might participate in the support and transport of the granule. PMID- 3147696 TI - Predisposing factors in microbial keratitis: the significance of contact lens wear. AB - Fifty-three patients consecutively admitted to Moorfields Eye Hospital for treatment of suspected microbial keratitis were examined to identify predisposing factors. The principal associations were pre-existing corneal disease (22 patients (41.5%] and contact lens wear (22 patients (41.5%]. In 13 cases (25%) contact lens wear was the only factor in patients with otherwise healthy eyes using contact lenses as an alternative to spectacles. Gram-negative keratitis was more frequent in the lens wearers, with the exception of therapeutic lens users, than in other patients (p = 0.0006) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa caused keratitis in cosmetic soft lens users more frequently (p = 0.001). There was no correlation between lens handling or solution contamination in three extended wear soft-lens users. This implies that some soft-lens wearers may be infected by Gram-negative organisms from environmental sources other than contaminated lens care materials. Gram-negative keratitis is strongly associated with contact lens wear, and the diagnosis must be considered in any contact lens user with an acutely painful red eye. PMID- 3147697 TI - Mechanisms of Mycobacterium leprae-specific T-cell deficiency in lepromatous leprosy. AB - Patients suffering from lepromatous leprosy fail to develop an efficient cell mediated immunity towards Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent. The mechanism of such a specific T-cell tolerance to the bacillus remains a key question in the pathophysiology of leprosy. Macrophages do not show any intrinsic defect in phagocytizing and killing M. leprae or in presenting antigen to helper T-cells. On the other hand, M. leprae-reactive helper T-cells do persist in lepromatous patients, but their activation appears to prevented by active suppressor mechanisms, involving both suppressor T-cells and macrophages. The target of this specific suppression could be the interleukin 2-producing T-cell subset. A better molecular definition of M. leprae antigens, both by monoclonal antibodies and T-cell clones, should open new perspectives for further analysis of the regulation of immune responses to M. leprae. PMID- 3147698 TI - Sequence of the 3386 3' nucleotides of the genome of the AVO1 strain rabies virus: structural similarities in the protein regions involved in transcription. AB - DNA fragments complementary to the genome of an avirulent strain (AVO1) of the rabies virus were cloned and sequenced. The sequence of the 3386 nucleotides from the 3' end covers the genes encoding the leader RNA, the nucleoprotein N, the phosphoprotein M1 and the matrix protein M2, as well as the intergenic regions. Comparison of the AVO1 sequence with those of other rabies strains reveals a very high conservation at both the nucleotide and the amino acid levels. The non protein coding regions of the genome (leader gene, untranslated regions flanking mRNAs, untranscribed intergenic regions) are discussed in terms of their possible involvement in the rabies virus biology. Comparison of the rabies genome with those of other unsegmented negative strand RNA viruses (rhabdoviruses and paramyxoviruses) indicates that the start and stop transcription signals, located at the border of each gene encoding a protein, and the regions of the phosphoprotein and matrix proteins that could be implicated in the transcription process, retain a similar overall structure. Thus, it appears that during evolution, these virus genomes have diverged while keeping the protein structures and regulatory sequence important in transcription. These results prompt us to propose that the major distinctive feature of the rabies transcription may arise from the highly variable intergenic regions where the attenuation of transcription is assumed to take place. PMID- 3147700 TI - Comparison of the invasion strategies used by Salmonella cholerae-suis, Shigella flexneri and Yersinia enterocolitica to enter cultured animal cells: endosome acidification is not required for bacterial invasion or intracellular replication. AB - Strains of Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia actively enter eukaryotic cells. Several techniques were used to compare and contrast the invasion mechanisms of Salmonella cholerae-suis, Yersinia enterocolitica and Shigella flexneri. Three animal cell lines (CHO, HEp-2 and MDCK) were examined for susceptibility to bacterial entry by these strains. Levels of intracellular bacteria varied widely between cell lines, but CHO cells were the most susceptible to bacterial invasion, HEp-2 invasion levels were intermediary, whereas polarized MDCK cells were invaded to a lesser extent. This illustrates that tissue culture models can be optimized to study bacterial invasion and intracellular replication. We used these tissue culture models to examine the interactions between host cells and these invasive bacteria. The use of lysosomotropic agents (methylamine and ammonium chloride), cationic ionophores (monensin) and acidification-defective CHO cell lines demonstrated that endosome acidification is not required for bacterial invasion or intracellular replication. Drugs which inhibited microfilament formation (cytochalasins B and D) prevented internalization of S. cholerae-suis, Y. enterocolitica and S. flexneri, indicating that invasion is a microfilament-dependent event. The microtubule inhibitors, colchicine, vincristine and vinblastine, did not affect bacterial internalization. PMID- 3147699 TI - Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of antigen--antibody complexes. AB - Monoclonal antibodies of predefined specificity have been purified and crystallized as single components or complexed with their specific antigens. The intersegmental flexibility of antibody molecules has imposed the strategy of attempting to crystallize their Fab fragments separately. Intrasegmental mobility in Fabs has rarely been an obstacle to their crystallization. The immune system, however, provides a large functional and structural diversity of antibody molecules suitable for crystallization and X-ray diffraction studies. PMID- 3147702 TI - Codon usage in selected AT-rich bacteria. AB - The relationship between DNA base composition and codon bias in very AT-rich bacteria was analyzed. Five clostridial genes, five mycoplasmal genes and three rickettsial genes constituted the data base. In the genes of these three organisms, the rule for codon bias was very simple: use U or A in the first and third positions of the codon when possible. This was contrasted with the bias found in Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. The rule for Bacillus subtilis was equally straightforward: use all codons without bias. Only in E. coli, amongst the species examined, did the codon bias appear to be a complicated codon 'choice'. PMID- 3147701 TI - Mechanisms of pathogenicity in mycobacteria. AB - The purpose of this article is to review current knowledge about the mechanisms of pathogenicity of mycobacteria. The following aspects of the problem are discussed: chemically-defined compounds implicated in the mechanisms of pathogenicity; location in the cell wall of these compounds and their biological activities; mechanisms of intracellular survival of pathogenic mycobacteria as compared to intracellular killing of non-pathogenic mycobacteria; and pathogenesis of mycobacterial infection. The future prospects in the elucidation of the mechanisms of pathogenicity and their possible application for a better control of mycobacterial diseases are briefly discussed. PMID- 3147703 TI - Role of the cell envelope in bacterial adaptation to growth in vivo in infections. AB - To establish an infection, a pathogenic bacterium must adapt to growth in the hostile environment encountered in vivo in host tissues. The cell envelope plays a crucial role in this adaptive process, since it is involved in promoting adhesion to and colonisation of host tissues, in the acquisition of essential nutrients and in conferring resistance to host defences and to antibiotics. Its properties are ultimately determined by the information stored within the genome, which also contains the potential to respond to environmental change. The macromolecular structure and function of the cell envelope are largely determined by the growth environment and, in particular, specific nutrient limitation, growth rate, growth temperature and replication in suspension or within a surface associated biofilm. Bacteria growing in vivo will manufacture envelopes characteristic of that environment and which will differ markedly in physiology, biochemistry and immunogenicity from those of cells grown in a standard laboratory medium. In vivo, the ability to withhold iron is an important component of the host's defence and iron deprivation has a pronounced effect on the metabolism and cell envelope properties of pathogenic bacteria. The phenotypic plasticity of the bacterial cell surface plays an important role in determining susceptibility to host defences and antibiotics and has important implications for the design and evaluation of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. PMID- 3147704 TI - Limited proteolyses in pancreatic chymotrypsinogens and trypsinogens. AB - In the 1950's, the specific cleavages of the peptide bonds occurring in bovine cationic chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen were among the first examples of limited proteolyses. According to the split bond(s), the precursor is transformed into enzyme or different forms of zymogen or again into inert protein. The conversion of trypsinogen into trypsin triggers the activations of all the other enzyme precursors of pancreatic juice. In the pancreas, several factors oppose trypsinogen autoactivation, whereas, in the duodenum, all the conditions are favorable for trypsinogen activation by enteropeptidase. PMID- 3147705 TI - The amino acid sequence of the activation peptide of bovine pro-carboxypeptidase A. AB - The amino acid sequence of the activation peptide of bovine pro-carboxypeptidase A subunit I has been determined by automated Edman degradation of the cyanogen bromide fractions derived from the precursor protein. The activation peptide contains 94 amino acid residues in a unique sequence which precedes directly the amino-terminal alanine residue of carboxypeptidase A alpha. A notable feature of the activation peptide is the presence of acidic amino acid residues immediately preceding the site of activation. The amino acid sequence of the activation peptide of bovine pro-carboxypeptidase A shows extensive similarity to those of the corresponding porcine and rat enzymes. PMID- 3147706 TI - The bovine pro-carboxypeptidase A-S6 ternary complex: a rare case of a secreted protein complex. AB - Up to now, a non-covalent ternary complex in which the pro-carboxypeptidase A (subunit I) is associated to two functionally different proteins (subunits II and III) has only been found in the pancreas of ruminant species. In the other species studied so far, the pro-carboxypeptidase A is secreted either as a monomer or as a binary association with a functionally different protein. Subunit I is the immediate precursor of carboxypeptidase A. Subunit II is a chymotrypsinogen of the C-type, involved, like subunit I, in the degradation of proteins and peptides. Although closely related to the pancreatic serine endopeptidases, subunit III appears to be devoid of any specific enzymatic activity. Information about the spatial organization of the subunits in the ternary complex has been deduced from the sequential dissociation of the complex. In contrast to the mechanism of activation of subunits I and II, which is independent of their aggregation state, the catalytic properties of the resulting enzymes are sensitive to their aggregation state. Moreover, the structural basis of inactivity of subunit III as well as the physiological role of the ternary complex are also discussed in this review. PMID- 3147707 TI - Parameters involved in binding of porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase with black bean inhibitor: role of sulfhydryl groups, chloride, calcium, solvent composition and temperature. AB - The amylase inhibitor of black (kidney) beans (Phaseolus vulgaris; MW 53,000) forms a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (MW 52,000) at pH 5.40. The single sulfhydryl group of the inhibitor and the two sulfhydryl groups of alpha-amylase are not involved in recognition and binding. Chloride ions, required for activity of alpha-amylase at both pH 5.40 and 6.90, are important for inhibitor--enzyme binding at pH 6.90 but not at pH 5.40. Calcium-free alpha-amylase binds with the inhibitor. An increase in the ionic strength of the solvent increases the rate of binding of the inhibitor with alpha amylase; a decrease in the dielectric constant decreases the rate of binding; and decreasing the temperature increases the dissociation constant, Kd, of the complex. These data support the hypothesis that hydrophobic interaction is of primary importance in complex formation. The activation energy, Ea, for complex formation was found to be 12.4 kcal/mol at pH 5.40 and 24.2 kcal/mol at pH 6.90. In the presence of the poor substrate, p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-maltoside, the Ea for complex formation was 4.1 kcal/mol at pH 6.90. PMID- 3147708 TI - Porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase: a model for structure--function studies of homodepolymerases. AB - The amino acid sequence of the porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase chain (496 residues) contains four regions (96-101, 193-201, 233-236 and 295-300) which are highly homologous in amylases of different origins. These regions all belong to the N-terminal domain of the enzyme. Limited proteolysis by subtilisin allows a cut to be made at bond 369-370. Purified fragments indicate that both N- and C terminal domains are required for amylolytic activity. Kinetic studies and reaction product analysis using oligomaltosides, their nitrophenylated derivatives and amylose as the substrate allowed us to establish: 1) the energy profile of the 5 subsites and, especially, that subsite number 3 is catalytic; 2) that 2 molecules of either maltotriose or its o-nitrophenylated analog or maltose bind to the active site at high substrate concentration. Such a subsite occupancy was confirmed by fluorescence quenching studies. Finally the hydrolysis of p nitrophenylmaltoside was studied as a function of pH. In contrast to starch hydrolysis, the initial velocity plots for nitrophenol and p-nitrophenylglucoside liberation both gave a narrow pH-activity peak with a maximum value around pH 5.5. All data provide strong evidence for the participation of 2 carboxylic residues in the catalysis. PMID- 3147710 TI - Isolation and structure of a pseudopeptide gamma-L-glutamyl-L-aspartic acid from Datura stramonium that impairs learning retention in mice. AB - Datura stramonium contains a compound that impairs learning retention in mice. It has been purified to homogeneity and its structure has been established as that of a gamma-L-glutamyl-L-aspartate. The biological activity of this pseudodipeptide has been found to be identical with that of the corresponding synthetic one. It has also been compared to those of various synthetic di- and tripeptides containing L- and/or D-enantiomers of the constitutive amino acids. The results show that the activity is associated with a peptidic structure containing only one type of enantiomer. PMID- 3147711 TI - Structure and spatial conformation of the iron-binding sites of transferrins. AB - Transferrins are iron-binding glycoproteins involved in iron metabolism and antibacterial defense mechanisms. Since the discovery of transferrins, many studies have attempted to characterize the iron ligands and to establish the conformation of the iron-binding sites. From chemical and spectroscopic studies, it was generally accepted that iron was hexacoordinated to Tyr and His residues, to a water molecule and to a (bi)carbonate ion, electrostatically linked to an Arg residue. On the basis of these studies, on the one hand, and on the basis of the homologies between the amino acid sequences of transferrins, on the other hand, predicted data have been provided about the number and location of the iron ligands. Recent X-ray crystallography studies of human lactotransferrin have partially confirmed the above-mentioned predicted data and have brought invaluable information about the nature of the ligands and the conformation of the iron-binding site. On the basis of the obtained results, a scheme has been proposed in which the iron is coordinated to 2 Tyr, 1 His and 1 Asp residues, to a (bi)carbonate linked to an Arg residue and probably to a water molecule. The iron-binding site is located at the interface between the two domains which constitute each lobe of the transferrins. PMID- 3147709 TI - Reflections on chemical modification of proteinases and their protein inhibitors. AB - Proteolytic enzymes and their protein inhibitors have been studied by chemical modification for over four decades. Modifications have helped to identify the active (and reactive) sites and to understand their mechanisms of interaction. Inactive derivatives of the enzymes form stable complexes with some inhibitors. These inactive enzymes have also been used for affinity chromatographic adsorptions. PMID- 3147712 TI - Structure, processing and evolution of the neurohypophysial hormone-neurophysin precursors. AB - Neurohypophysial hormones and neurophysins are derived from common precursors processed during the axonal transport from the hypothalamus to the neurohypophysis. Two neurohormones, an oxytocin-like and a vasopressin-like, on one hand, two neurophysins, termed VLDV-and MSEL-neurophysins according to residues in positions 2, 3, 6 and 7, on the other, are usually found in vertebrate species. In contrast to placental mammals that have oxytocin and arginine vasopressin, marsupials have undergone a peculiar evolution. Two pressor peptides, lysipressin and vasopressin for American species, lysipressin and phenylpressin for Australian macropods, have been identified in individual glands and it is assumed that the primordial vasopressin gene has been duplicated in these lineages. On the other hand, the reptilian mesotocin is still present in Australian species instead of the mammalian oxytocin, while the North American opossum has both hormones and South American opossums have only oxytocin. The neurophysin domain of each precursor is encoded by 3 exons and different evolutionary rates have been found for the 3 corresponding parts of the protein. The central parts, encoded by the central exons, are evolutionarily very stable and nearly identical in the 2 neurophysins of a given species. Recurrent gene conversions have apparently linked the evolutions of the 2 precursor lineages. In mammals, the 3-domain precursor of vasopressin is processed in 2 stages: a first cleavage splitting off vasopressin and a second cleavage separating MSEL neurophysin from copeptin. Two distinct enzymatic systems seem to be involved in these cleavages. Processing is usually complete at the level of the neurohypophysis, but an intermediate precursor encompassing MSEL -neurophysin and copeptin linked by an arginine residue has been characterized in guinea pig. In vitro processing of this intermediate through trypsin--Sepharose reveals cleavages only in the interdomain region. In non-mammalian tetrapods, such as birds and amphibians, mesotocin and vasotocin are associated with neurophysins in precursors similar to those found in mammals. However, processing of the vasotocin precursor seems to be different from the processing of the vasopressin precursor, with a single cleavage leading to the hormone release. PMID- 3147713 TI - The human pancreatic stone protein. AB - Chronic calcifying pancreatitis (CCP) is characterized by the presence of stones in pancreatic ducts. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the main constituent of stones, to which is associated an organic matrix consisting primarily of one protein of Mr 14,000, the pancreatic stone protein or PSP. PSP is not present as such in pancreatic juice, but in polymorphic forms with higher molecular weights. These secretory forms (PSP S2-5, Mr 16-19,000) are synthesized in the acinar cells of the pancreas and secreted along the same secretory pathway as the exocrine enzymes. The heterogeneity of the forms of higher Mr (PSP S2-5) is probably due to different glycosylation patterns. PSP and PSP S1 are generated by the cleavage of an Arg-Ile bond in the N-terminal part of PSP S2-5. The N-terminal sequence of PSP (40 amino acids) is identical to that of PSP S1, whose complete sequence (133 amino acids) has been determined. Yet, the two proteins differ by their pI. Pancreatic juice is normally supersaturated in CaCO3, suggesting the presence of a stabilizer preventing CaCO3 precipitation. The PSP S could play that role, since an activity inhibiting the nucleation and growth in vitro of CaCO3 crystals was found in pancreatic juice, associated with these proteins. Moreover, PSP S concentration was significantly lower in the pancreatic juice of patients with CCP than in control patients. Proteins homologous to PSP S were also found in the dog, rat, swine, monkey and ox. They constitute a new family of pancreatic secretory proteins, whose biological role would be to maintain pancreatic juice in a stable state towards CaCO3. PMID- 3147714 TI - Effect of selective chemical modification and CNBr-cleavage at methionine20 in catalytic activity and substrate binding properties of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2. AB - Porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 contains 2 methionine (Met) residues located at positions 8 and 20, respectively. Reaction of the enzyme with methyliodide and iodoacetic acid resulted in the selective methylation and carboxymethylation, respectively, of Met20. It was found that porcine pancreatic iso-phospholipase A2, possessing only Met8, was not affected by either modification. Reaction of porcine phospholipase A2 with cyanogen bromide in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid gave rise to cleavage only at Met20. The enhanced reactivity of Met20 compared to that of Met8 is in agreement with the known X-ray structure of phospholipase A2 which shows that Met8 is located in the interior of the protein, while Met20 is at the surface. Both methylation and carboxymethylation of Met20 do not significantly affect catalytic and substrate binding properties of the enzyme. In contrast, the more rigorous cleavage at Met20 by CNBr resulted in the loss of catalytic activity, while substrate and Ca2+ binding was diminished only to a limited extent. Most likely CNBr cleavage at Met20 perturbs the active site despite the fact that the N-terminal fragment Ala1-Hse20 is still bound via the disulfide bridge Cys11-Cys77 to the remainder of the protein. The results obtained strongly suggest that the conformation of the sequences Ala1-Hse20 and/or Asp21-Gly26 are important for the maintenance of the special microenvironment of the active site cleft. PMID- 3147715 TI - Minireview on pancreatic lipase and colipase. AB - By hydrolyzing the dietary triacylglycerols, pancreatic lipase causes catalysis in heterogeneous medium. In vivo, lipase action cannot take place without colipase due to the presence of bile salts. The cofactor enables lipase anchoring to the water-lipid interface. The lipase-colipase system furnishes an excellent example of specific interactions (protein-protein and protein-lipid). The studies of lipase catalytic properties brought to light the importance of certain parameters related to the 'quality of the interface'. The structure-function relationship analyses revealed a certain number of functional amino acid residues in lipase and colipase involved either in the catalytic site of the enzyme or in the recognition sites (lipase-colipase and protein-interface). Comparisons of the sequences of lipases derived from different sources display interesting similarities in certain cases. PMID- 3147716 TI - Catalytic activity and association of pancreatic lipase. AB - The authors summarize their work concerning the mechanism of pancreatic lipase activation. The activation of lipase by submicellar SDS concentrations was found to imitate closely enough its activation by an interface. Lipase activation was shown to be caused by changes in the rate constants for substrate chemical transformation and to involve conformational changes of the enzyme and its association. The complex of a conformationally modified lipase with the detergent, which acts as a 'structure-forming' agent, is associated with native lipase molecules setting up their active site. The mechanism of lipase activation at an interface both in vitro and in vivo is discussed. PMID- 3147717 TI - A possible physiological function of pancreatic pro-colipase activation peptide in appetite regulation. AB - Pancreatic pro-colipase activation peptide, a pentapeptide with the sequence VPDPR was found to significantly suppress food intake of 20 h fasted Sprague Dawley rats in a dose-dependent way. A rat treated with pro-colipase-enriched pellets for 26 days showed decreased daily food intake and retarded growth, which were restored during a following period of regular feeding. Genetically obese Zucker rats (fa/fa) were found to contain a reduced content of pancreatic pro colipase (60% reduction), whereas the pancreatic lipase content was normal. A physiological function of pancreatic pro-colipase activation peptide as an endogenous satiety signal is suggested. PMID- 3147718 TI - Effect of sodium taurodeoxycholate, CaCl2 and albumin on the action of pancreatic lipase on droplets of trioleoylglycerol and the release of lipolytic products into aqueous media. AB - 1. Effects of various substances on the activity of pancreatic lipase and on the release of lipolytic products into aqueous media were studied with droplets of trioleoylglycerol suspended from a membrane filter at the top of a flow-through chamber. The droplets were perifused for 7 min with a commercial preparation of pancreatic lipase in 0.15 M NaCl solution at pH 6.5 and then perifused for 60 min with lipase-free media, either 0.15 M NaCl at pH 6.5 or basal medium at pH 7.4 (70 mM sodium barbital) containing different additives. 2. About 6% of the trioleoylglycerol in droplets was hydrolyzed during the perifusion with lipase. Another 15% was hydrolyzed in 30 min, but none thereafter, when the droplets were perifused with 0.15 M NaCl alone. The rate of hydrolysis was doubled and prolonged when droplets were perifused with basal medium at pH 7.4. Lipolytic products formed at pH 7.4 were 62% oleic acid, 20% monooleoylglycerol and 18% dioleoylglycerol, yet only 4% of the lipolytic products were released into the perifusate. 3. Sodium taurodeoxycholate (TDC) (17 mM ) added to basal medium increased 18 x the amount of lipolytic products released into the perifusate but increased lipolysis only 13%. The molar ratio of oleic acid to monooleoylglycerol in the perifusate was 5.7 during the first 30 min and 4.0 during the last 30 min. 4. Ca2+ (3.3 mM) added to basal medium increased lipolysis 87% but did not affect the amount (4%) of lipolytic products released into the perifusing medium. 5. TDC and Ca2+ added to basal medium produced the largest increase in lipolysis, with 59% of trioleoylglycerol hydrolyzed in 15 min and 91% in 60 min. The amount of lipolytic products released into the perifusing medium, however, was not increased above that released into medium containing TDC alone. 6. Serum albumin (0.6 mM) and Ca2+ added to basal medium increased 14 x the amount of lipolytic products released into the perifusate without affecting the basal lipolytic rate. Albumin, however, suppressed by 40% the stimulatory effect of Ca2+ on pancreatic lipase activity. PMID- 3147719 TI - Isolation of the early phase of chylomicron formation in intestinal epithelial cells of rats. AB - Lipid is first observed electron microscopically in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of intestinal epithelial cells during active lipid absorption. We have been able to isolate this subcellular fraction by using discontinuous sucrose gradients of 0.25/0.86/1.11 M sucrose. A preliminary low speed centrifugation of mucosal homogenate removed the heavier subcellular organelles. The resulting supernatant was centrifuged at 5.25 x 10(6) x g.min. The pellet from this centrifugation was placed on top of the gradient and the fractions isolated at the density interfaces after centrifugation at 25.5 x 10(6) x g.min. The isolated fractions were characterized enzymatically and electron microscopically. Electron microscopically, the fractions were predominantly composed of rounded vesicles decorated with ribosomes. Most contained lipid droplets whose diameters were 453 nm in the lighter membranes and 245 nm in the membranes isolated from the heavier density region. The vesicles contained NADPH cytochrome c reductase and glucose-6 phosphatase activity indicative of the presence of microsomes. Contamination with other subcellular organelles was minimal. These studies demonstrate a method which enables the isolation of vesicles containing chylomicron-sized particles which are from the earliest phase of chylomicron formation. Isolation of chylomicrons from these vesicles will enable a better understanding of the maturation process of chylomicrons as they traverse the intestinal epithelial cell. PMID- 3147720 TI - Molecular sorting of proteins into the cisternal secretory pathway. AB - Cotranslational translocation of exportable proteins across the RER membrane prior to their release into the extracellular space has been essentially described by use of canine pancreatic microsomal membranes. Intracisternal segregation of nascent secretory proteins was observed to be irreversible and proteolytic removal of signal sequences resulted in conformationally mature and stable proteins. Structural studies on various translocation peptides from both eukaryotic and prokaryotic preparations showed that many of them have a comparable three-domain organization. A hydrophilic amino-terminal domain is followed by a core region of hydrophobic amino acids and by the region in which the proteolytic cleavage occurs. Membrane components involved in the translocation process namely the signal recognition particle and the SRP receptor as well as the way the vectorial transport mechanism of nascent secretory proteins occurs are also discussed. PMID- 3147721 TI - Pore-forming colicins: synthesis, extracellular release, mode of action, immunity. AB - Colicins are bacterial toxins encoded by plasmids which also confer immunity to producing cells. In a first stage, colicins are synthesized in the cytoplasm of colicinogenic cells. Subsequently they are released into the extracellular medium following the action of a small protein synthesized coordinately with the colicins. This protein is a lipoprotein and causes a non-specific increase in the envelope permeability, in particular, through the activation of an outer membrane phospholipase. After release into the medium, colicins kill sensitive cells in 3 defined steps: adsorption onto a specific receptor at the surface of the bacterium, translocation across the outer membrane and action. A specific domain of the colicin molecule is responsible for each of these steps. The most common colicins are those which kill by depolarizing the cytoplasmic membrane with the formation of voltage-dependent ionic channels. Immunity is conferred to producing cells by a membrane protein which interacts with the colicin and prevents formation or functioning of these ionic channels formed by its C-terminal domain. PMID- 3147722 TI - Molecular organization of the intestinal brush border. AB - The brush border of enterocytes represents one of the more specialized apical poles of epithelial cells. It is formed by particularly well-developed apical plasma membrane microvilli, whose shape is ensured by a highly organized cytoskeleton. The molecular organization of the cytoskeleton is described. Whereas several cytoskeleton proteins are ubiquitous, villin is highly specific for intestinal cells and can be used as a differentiation marker of these cells. The major glycoproteins, in particular hydrolases, of the brush border membrane have been characterized. They have many common structural features, in particular their mode of integration into the membrane by their N-terminal hydrophobic sequences that also plays the role of the 'signal peptide' responsible for their co-translational insertions into the endoplasmic reticulum. Studies on the biosynthesis and intracellular pathway of aminopeptidase N strongly suggest that sorting of apical and basolateral glycoproteins could occur after their integration into the basolateral domain. PMID- 3147723 TI - Prenatal protein-energy malnutrition alters various biochemical components of the membranous bones in fetal rats. AB - The effects of prenatal protein-energy malnutrition on the biochemical parameters of the membranous bone were studied using fetal rats. Timed pregnant rats were fed a protein-deficient diet as an experimental group from day 13 of gestation, whereas control dams were fed a normal protein diet. By day 15, radioactive Na2SO4 was injected. On day 22, all fetuses were delivered by cesarean section. The hexosamine content per milligram dry tissue, and the protein and hexosamine contents per guanidine-HCl extract were greater in the mandibles but less in the calvaria of the malnourished group than in those of the controls. Calcium content per gram dry tissue was lower in both bones of the malnourished group. 35S sulfate uptake per milligram dry tissue or milligram proteoglycan was greater in the malnourished group than in the controls in both bones. The mandible in the malnourished group had less lower-weight molecular proteoglycan subunits in the dissociative condition. Protein-energy malnutrition affects the mandible and calvaria in different ways, although both bones originate from membranous bone. Insufficient degradation of proteoglycan could be the reason for the delay of mineralization in the malnourished bones. PMID- 3147724 TI - A study of the corpus callosum in epileptic psychosis using magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 3147725 TI - Pharmacokinetics of nitroglycerin and metabolites in humans following oral dosing. AB - Single dose oral nitroglycerin (GTN) was administered to six healthy subjects as 6.5, 9.0, and 13.0 mg aqueous solutions in sequential study phases to characterize the oral pharmacokinetics of GTN and the dinitrate metabolites. Blood samples were collected periodically up to 10 h. Plasma concentrations of GTN were measurable in some subjects up to 1/2 and 1 h, respectively, after the 9.0 and 13.0 mg dose. The mean GTN Cmax values of the three solution doses were 0.28, 0.78, and 0.42 ng ml-1 in ascending dosage. The erratic nature of GTN plasma profiles prevented meaningful pharmacokinetic analysis, although tmax was consistently 5 min. In all three treatments, both GTN metabolites (1,2- and 1,3 glyceryldinitrates, GDNs) peaked at about 20 min, followed by a distributive phase and a log-linear decline in concentrations. Terminal half-lives for both GDNs were approximately 50 min in all three doses. The plasma concentrations of the metabolites were higher than nitroglycerin with 1,2-GDN exhibiting the highest overall profile. PMID- 3147726 TI - Biochemical characterization of murine leukaemia inhibitory factor produced by Krebs ascites and by yeast cells. AB - A cDNA library was constructed using mRNA from Krebs ascites tumor cells that was shown by Northern blot hybridization to contain mRNA for murine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). This library was screened with an oligonucleotide corresponding to the 3' end of a partial LIF cDNA clone, and an overlapping cDNA clone isolated. Nucleotide sequence analysis of this latter clone allowed the complete sequence of LIF to be derived. A cDNA molecule encoding the entire mature LIF protein was installed in a yeast expression vector, and LIF produced up to about 100 ng/ml in the growth medium. The LIF produced by yeast cells has the same biologic properties as native LIF and competes with native 125I-LIF for binding to specific cellular receptors. Two forms of native LIF, distinguishable by their chromatographic behavior on DEAE-Sepharose, were converted by neuraminidase treatment to a form with similar chromatographic behavior, suggesting that the major difference between these two species is the content of sialic acid on the carbohydrate portion. Moreover, yeast-derived recombinant LIF appears to display a different pattern of glycosylation to both forms of native LIF. From in vitro experiments, we conclude that the nature of the glycosylation is not crucial to biologic activity. PMID- 3147727 TI - Effects of the aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxyandrostenedione and the antiandrogen flutamide on growth and steroid levels in DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors. AB - Using dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors in the rat as model, comparison was made of the effect of treatment for 20 days with the aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxyandrostenedione (4-OH-A) (7.5 mg, twice daily) or the antiandrogen flutamide (5 mg, twice daily) on tumor growth as well as on plasma and tumor content of estrogens, androgens, and their precursors and metabolites. Tumor number and size were markedly decreased following treatment with either drug, the effect of treatment being more important on size than number, and on new tumors which developed during treatment than on tumors already present at start of treatment. Treatment with the aromatase inhibitor 4-OH-A caused a parallel decrease in plasma and tumor levels of pregnenolone (Preg), progesterone (P), and 17-OH P, while there was a marked increase in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androst-5-ene-3 beta,17 beta-diol (delta 5-diol), androstenedione (delta 4-dione), testosterone (T), androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta diol (3 alpha-diol), and androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol (3 beta-diol), with no significant change in dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 17 beta-estradiol levels. The marked increase in tissue T content coupled to a decrease in P levels could well contribute to the inhibition of tumor growth induced by 4-OH-A. Flutamide, on the other hand, caused a marked fall in plasma and tissue levels of Preg, 17-OH Preg, P, and 17-OH P, with no significant change in the concentration of the other steroids, thus suggesting a possible role of the fall in tissue P levels in the inhibition of tumor growth. Since both drugs are potent inhibitors of DMBA induced tumor growth in intact animals, better knowledge of their mechanism of action should add to our understanding of the multiple endocrine factors controlling the growth of these tumors. PMID- 3147728 TI - Combined use of lectin affinity chromatography and endo-beta-galactosidase to study polylactosamine sequences isolated from haemopoietic cell surfaces. AB - The trypsin-sensitive glycopeptides from cell surfaces of a multipotential murine haemopoietic cell line (DE) have been studied using serial lectin affinity chromatography on columns of immobilized lentil lectin (LCA), concanavalin A (Con A), and wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA). WGA-binding material consisted of glycopeptides that failed to bind to LCA and Con A. Step elution from the WGA column with 0.01-, 0.1-, 0.5- and 1.0 M N-acetyl-D-glucosamine yielded four affinity classes of glycopeptide (WGA-W, WGA-I, WGA-S and WGA-SS respectively). WGA-W, WGA-I and WGA-S contained both alkali-stable (N-linked) and alkali-labile (O-linked) carbohydrate on high molecular weight glycopeptides. The WGA-SS fraction contained only N-linked carbohydrate. N-linked glycopeptides isolated from each WGA-binding class differed in molecular size, relative N acetylneuraminic acid content and affinity for Ricinus communis 120 agglutinin. endo-beta-Galactosidase digestion showed that these glycopeptides contained polylactosamine-type glycans. Gel filtration profiles of the enzyme treated materials were different for each WGA-binding population suggesting variation in branching patterns and/or substitution with fucose residues. Affinity chromatography has shown that the WGA binding molecules are the major glycopeptide group at DE cell surfaces. PMID- 3147729 TI - Identification of isoprenoid-type components in human expired air: a possible shunt pathway in sterol metabolism. AB - Expired air samples have been analyzed from three groups of human subjects (normal, liver dysfunction, lung cancer) and the baboon (Papio anubus). Of the several hundred compounds present, three compounds were of particular interest due to their structural relationship to the isoprenoid-type intermediates in the sterol pathway. These compounds were 1-methyl-4-(1-methyl-ethenyl)-cyclohexene, 6 methyl-5-hepten-2-one, and 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one. Hydroxyacetone was also found in all samples screened. The relationship of these compounds to the non-sterol pathway of mevalonate metabolism is discussed. PMID- 3147731 TI - Treating the ascites of cirrhosis. PMID- 3147730 TI - Using computers to take patient histories. PMID- 3147732 TI - Small is hard as well as beautiful. PMID- 3147734 TI - AIDS: predicting cases nationally and locally. AB - Models for predicting the future course of the AIDS epidemic can be divided into five types: trend extrapolation models, compartment models, models based on the incubation period, comparison models, and models produced by expert committees. To predict the numbers of cases of AIDS in the United Kingdom and in East Anglia and Cambridge a two stage approach was chosen using trend extrapolation for the national case reports followed by reduction in scale to the two localities. The method predicted that about 2700 cases would be reported nationally during 1990 and about 6000 during 1992. The number of people with AIDS expected to present for treatment in East Anglia during 1990 was 48, and during 1992 was 105; for Cambridge the corresponding figures were 20 and 43. These figures with their estimated 95% confidence intervals will be used for planning local services for people with AIDS, and they emphasise the need for preventive action. PMID- 3147733 TI - Vascular disease, thrombosis, and recurrent abortion. PMID- 3147735 TI - Body mass and prostatic cancer: a prospective study. AB - Previous studies have suggested that increased body mass is associated with an increased risk of prostatic cancer, but these studies have been limited by the fact that they were based on a few simple measurements such as height and weight. Similar results were found in a prospective study of the incidence of prostatic cancer in a cohort of Japanese men born in 1900-19 and living in Hawaii. Further evaluation of the extensive anthropomorphic measurements made in this cohort suggested that the association between measures of body mass and prostatic cancer might be accounted for more by lean tissue than by fat tissue. There was a significant positive association of the risk of prostatic cancer with area of muscle in the arm but not with area of fat in the arm. Further research is needed on the biological mechanisms of carcinogenesis that may be related to both lean and fat tissue and the development of prostatic cancer. PMID- 3147736 TI - Prolonged pregnancy: the management debate. PMID- 3147737 TI - Plasmacytosis and renal failure after readministration of streptokinase for threatened myocardial reinfarction. PMID- 3147738 TI - Increased prevalence of bulimia nervosa among Asian schoolgirls. PMID- 3147739 TI - Three cases of fatal triazolam poisoning. PMID- 3147740 TI - Adverse consequences arising from misdiagnosis of food allergy. PMID- 3147741 TI - Arterial oxygen tension and saturation in hospital patients: effect of age and activity. PMID- 3147742 TI - Occult AIDS: pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in elderly people. PMID- 3147743 TI - Parkinsonism, tremor, and depression induced by cinnarizine and flunarizine. PMID- 3147745 TI - Counselling for patients with cancer. PMID- 3147744 TI - Dangerous oronasal obstruction in weak senile patients. PMID- 3147746 TI - How many beds? Helping consultants to estimate their requirements. AB - Two studies were carried out in different districts with clinicians who were concerned about the proposed numbers of beds to be provided based on regional targets and assessments. It was found that summary statistics can obscure wide variations over time in the demand for services. Providing beds according to average demand can therefore create a shortage of beds for a large part of the year. It is argued that the norms and targets set by regions should be seen as a starting point for negotiations rather than as the definitive answer for setting the levels of services provided. Because of their particular circumstances certain districts may need to provide more than the levels set by the region, and clinicians and community physicians can work together to provide evidence for this. PMID- 3147748 TI - Homosexuality. PMID- 3147747 TI - Late presentation of diaphragmatic hernia: a missed diagnosis. PMID- 3147749 TI - Myocardial infarction on holiday. PMID- 3147750 TI - Mild hypertension: MRC working party report. PMID- 3147751 TI - General practitioner referral rates. PMID- 3147752 TI - Consensus on HIV testing. PMID- 3147753 TI - Mortality in women in relation to childbearing. PMID- 3147754 TI - Ultrasonography for diagnosing appendicitis. PMID- 3147755 TI - Burns of the elderly in residential care. PMID- 3147757 TI - Acute painful proximal myopathy associated with nalidixic acid. PMID- 3147756 TI - Systemic hypertension in patients receiving dipivalyl adrenaline for glaucoma. PMID- 3147759 TI - Severe salt and water deficiency associated with a combination of atenolol and chlorthalidone. PMID- 3147758 TI - Hypoglycemia induced by co-trimoxazole in AIDS. PMID- 3147760 TI - Radiotherapy's second setback. PMID- 3147761 TI - A national ethics committee. PMID- 3147762 TI - Slugs and snails against sugar and spice. PMID- 3147763 TI - Alfred Nobel and the drug hunters. PMID- 3147765 TI - A place in the sun? PMID- 3147764 TI - Vindaloo and you. PMID- 3147766 TI - The haggis tolerance test in Scots and Sassenachs. AB - To find out if the Scottish national dish, haggis, contributes to the high incidence of coronary heart disease in Scotland the lipaemic effect of a meal of 200 g of haggis was measured in six Scottish and 10 Sassenach men. The Scots had higher fasting cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and a lower proportion of high density lipoprotein cholesterol than the Sassenachs. Four subjects were found to have hyperlipoproteinaemia, which had been unrecognised previously. Serum cholesterol concentrations did not change after haggis was eaten (mean dose 2.6 g/kg body weight). Serum concentrations of triglycerides increased by 51% at 90 minutes in the Sassenachs but were unaltered in the Scots. There were no serious adverse effects. This study shows that Scots have higher lipid concentrations than Sassenachs but seem to be resistant to the lipaemic effect of haggis. The haggis tolerance test may be useful in Sassenachs. PMID- 3147767 TI - Hypercarotenaemia in a tomato soup faddist. PMID- 3147768 TI - Unilateral clubbing of fingers associated with causalgia. PMID- 3147769 TI - White lines in the fingernails induced by combination chemotherapy. PMID- 3147770 TI - An unusual nasal foreign body. PMID- 3147771 TI - Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp presenting as herpes zoster. PMID- 3147772 TI - Seamstress's finger: a cause of Heberden's nodes. PMID- 3147773 TI - A time to be born. PMID- 3147774 TI - Orthopaedic surgery: a health hazard. PMID- 3147777 TI - Rat catcher's warfarin treatment associated with rectal haemorrhage. PMID- 3147775 TI - Are orthopaedic surgeons gorillas? PMID- 3147776 TI - Anaphylactic reaction after eating a mango. PMID- 3147778 TI - Do it yourself cardioversion. PMID- 3147779 TI - Periareolar pilonidal abscesses in a hairdresser. PMID- 3147780 TI - Pacemaker twiddler: a twist in the tail? PMID- 3147782 TI - Underwater discovery of Roman surgical equipment. PMID- 3147781 TI - Cauliflower ears, opium, and Errol Flynn. PMID- 3147783 TI - From Aretaeus to Crosby: a history of coeliac disease. PMID- 3147784 TI - South African gem of medical history. PMID- 3147785 TI - Professor Lord Lister, William Ernest Henley, and Oscar Wilde. PMID- 3147786 TI - British medical services at the Battle of Waterloo. PMID- 3147787 TI - Memories of Lord Moynihan. A conversation between Sir Reginald Murley and John Hosford. PMID- 3147788 TI - The death of Porthos, or the first description of vertebrobasilar insufficiency in fiction. PMID- 3147789 TI - Arts for health. PMID- 3147791 TI - The exhumation of Mattia Preti, painter. PMID- 3147790 TI - Migraine aura as artistic inspiration. PMID- 3147792 TI - Medical Nobels--stamp of genius. PMID- 3147793 TI - Caput Medusae in medicine and art. PMID- 3147794 TI - Surgeons' posture and kungfu. PMID- 3147795 TI - Immunological responsiveness to M. leprae and BCG antigens in 98 leprosy patients and their household contacts. AB - 1. The cellular immune response to M. leprae and BCG antigens was evaluated in 98 leprosy patients and 143 household contacts lacking clinical manifestation of the disease. 2. The proliferative responses and release of Interferon-gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed and both patients and contacts were classified as low or high responders to M. leprae. 3. The high responder contacts constituted 54.8% of the population analyzed, a three times higher proportion when compared to the controls, indicating the possible existence of active infection among them. 4. The correlation coefficient between the immunological response to M. leprae and BCG was found to be higher within the contact group than in the patients, suggesting that cross-reactivity defense mechanisms against mycobacteria exist even before the onset of clinically detectable disease. PMID- 3147796 TI - The role of cachectin/TNF in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. AB - The presence of cachectin or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) associated with hypertriglyceridemia was demonstrated in the serum of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The hyperlipidemia that accompanies this infection may be mediated by the TNF inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity. This sequence of events may be sufficient to explain, in part, the complex metabolic changes and emaciation observed in tuberculosis patients. PMID- 3147797 TI - Leishmania donovani donovani antigens recognized by kala-azar patient sera and identification of cross-reacting antigens to Chagas' disease. AB - L. donovani antigens were analyzed by a direct agglutination test (DAT), by ELISA using intact promastigotes and by the SDS-PAGE immunoperoxidase technique (SGIP). Sera of Chagas' disease patients cross-reacted in the ELISA and SGIP but not in the DAT. Trypsin treatment of the parasites removed concanavalin A-binding sites but not epitopes for antibodies present in Chagas' disease and in leishmaniasis sera, as seen in the SGIP. Eight bands were revealed after incubation of the gel sections with kala-azar or Chagas' disease sera, three of which were common to both sera. The major antigenic component recognized by leishmaniasis sera was a glycoprotein of 57 kD, and the major cross-reacting protein recognized by Chagas' disease sera was a glycoprotein doublet of 71.5-68 kD. PMID- 3147798 TI - The secretory effect of canatoxin on rat brain synaptosomes involves a lipoxygenase-mediated pathway. AB - Canatoxin (CNTX), a neurotoxic protein, is known to activate platelet secretion and aggregation in vitro through a lipoxygenase-dependent pathway. This study shows that CNTX also induces time and dose-dependent serotonin secretion from rat brain synaptosomes. The secretory effect induced by 6 microM CNTX was similar to that elicited by 150 mM KCl. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (500 microM) completely abolished CNTX-induced serotonin release while 150 microM indomethacin had no effect. These data suggest the involvement of the lipoxygenase pathway in neurotransmitter release elicited by CNTX as occurs in the platelet. PMID- 3147799 TI - Conditioned turning and functional recovery after unilateral substantia nigra lesion in rats. AB - In order to investigate whether conditioned circling interferes with recovery from turning induced by unilateral substantia nigra (SN) lesion, rats were trained to turn either ipsi- or contralateral to the lesioned side before and after the lesion was made. Two yoked groups served as controls. The number of turns contralateral to the trained side was significantly lower in relation to the pre-lesion value for the ipsilateral trained group and remained so until the end of the experiment. A partial recovery was observed on the 19th post-lesion day for the contralateral trained group. The results are discussed in terms of additive effects from training and the lesion symptoms. PMID- 3147800 TI - Protein-energy malnutrition increases teratogenicity of hypervitaminosis A in rats. AB - The present study was designed to investigate the embryo-fetotoxicity of vitamin A in protein-energy malnourished animals. Retinyl palmitate (66, 99 and 132 mg/kg) suspended in corn oil was given by gavage to well-nourished and malnourished rats from gestational days 8 to 10 and cesarean sections were performed on day 20. All fetuses were weighed and examined for malformations before being prepared for skeletal evaluation. The proportion of malformed fetuses was higher in the malnourished group at each one of the three dose levels. The data indicate that malnourished animals are more susceptible to the toxic effects of retinyl esters. PMID- 3147801 TI - A calcium-dependent rather than a G-protein mechanism is involved in the inward current evoked by muscarinic receptor stimulation in dialysed single smooth muscle cells of small intestine. AB - A role of internal calcium was found in the inward current response of single, dispersed, smooth muscle cells to muscarinic receptor activation but no obligatory role for guanine nucleotide binding proteins, in contrast to their obligatory role in muscarinic responses in heart and other tissues. PMID- 3147802 TI - Vasodilator actions of acetylcholine, A23187 and bradykinin in the guinea-pig isolated perfused heart are independent of prostacyclin. AB - 1. The involvement of prostacyclin (PGI2) in the vasodilator responses to acetylcholine (ACh), A23187 and bradykinin (Bk) has been investigated in guinea pig, isolated, Krebs-perfused hearts. 2. ACh (0.01-10 nmol), A23187 (0.1-1.0 nmol) and Bk (0.3-10 pmol) each elicited dose-related and shortlasting (approximately 2 min) reductions in perfusion pressure. Larger maximal responses were obtained in preparations with coronary vascular tone elevated by platelet activating factor (100 pmol) than in preparations at basal perfusion pressure. 3. Bk and A23187 elicited dose-related increases in the generation of PGI2 as measured by its chemically-stable breakdown product, 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha. Indomethacin (2.8 microM) prevented both basal and the stimulated generation of 6 oxo-PGF1 alpha, whereas the magnitudes of the vasodilator responses were unaffected. 4. Attempts to identify the release of vasodilator materials by on line superfusion bioassay of cardiac effluent were unsuccessful, indicating a possible role for a labile vasodilator such as endothelium-dependent relaxing factor (EDRF). In addition, the inhibitors of EDRF action/production, mepacrine (3 microM) or diethylcarbamazine (300 microM), attenuated vasodilator responses to ACh without altering those to the endothelium-independent vasodilator, verapamil (1 nmol). 5. Haemoglobin (10 microM) reduced vasodilator responses to ACh, Bk and verapamil and abolished those induced by A23187. Inhibition of the endothelium-independent vasodilator, verapamil, was significantly less than that for the other compounds. 6. The present data indicate the existence of an indomethacin-resistant vasodilator mechanism in the coronary microcirculation in response to ACh, A23187 and Bk. EDRF is a candidate for mediating these responses; however, a direct vasodilator action of these substances cannot be excluded. PMID- 3147803 TI - Histamine-induced inward currents in cultured endothelial cells from human umbilical vein. AB - 1. The membrane response to applied histamine of cultured endothelial cells from human umbilical vein was studied by use of whole cell and single channel patch clamp techniques. A value of -27 +/- 1.4 mV was found for the resting potential under whole cell current clamp. No voltage-gated currents were seen at either the macroscopic or single channel levels. 2. At holding potentials of -20 to -40 mV, histamine evoked slow rising, long lasting whole cell inward currents. The inward current was associated with depolarization and decreased input resistance. The calcium ionophore A23187 provoked similar whole cell inward currents. 3. Single channel currents were observed in cell-attached and inside-out patches for both histamine and A23187. The single channel conductance was about 20 pS with a mean open time of 5 ms and a reversal potential of 0 mV in symmetrical potassium solutions. Internal sodium blocked outward going currents. 4. For cell-attached patches, histamine-dependent channel activity required external calcium and was also seen when histamine was present in the bath but not the pipette. Recording from inside-out patches revealed that decreases in 'internal' calcium resulted in the disappearance of channel activity. 5. The histamine-dependent inward current appears to involve calcium-dependent activation of cationic channels. PMID- 3147804 TI - Prostaglandins involved in contractions by angiotensin II and bradykinin of isolated dog sphincter pupillae. AB - 1. The dog isolated sphincter pupillae contracted in response to acetylcholine, angiotensin II (AII), bradykinin, prostaglandins F2 alpha, D2, E2 and I2, and thionate thromboxane A2 (sTXA2) in a concentration-dependent manner. 2. AII induced contractions were suppressed by treatment with saralasin, indomethacin, aspirin and diphloretin phosphate (DPP), a prostaglandin receptor antagonist. Contractions induced by bradykinin were also attenuated by indomethacin, aspirin and DPP. The amount of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) in the bathing media was increased approximately 41% following stimulation of the preparations by bradykinin. 3. The potency of contractile responses was in the order of PGF2 alpha greater than PGD2 = sTXA2 greater than PGE2 greater than arachidonic acid greater than PGI2. Contractions induced by PGF2 alpha were not significantly affected by treatment with indomethacin and ONO3708, an antagonist of the vasoconstrictor effect of prostaglandins, but appreciably attenuated by DPP. Arachidonic acid-induced contractions were inhibited by indomethacin. 4. Contractions of dog iris sphincter muscle in response to AII and bradykinin may be mediated via substances synthesized by cyclo-oxygenase from arachidonic acid. The distribution and nature of the prostaglandin receptors appear to differ markedly in iris sphincter and vascular smooth muscles. PMID- 3147806 TI - Biosynthetic compound dressings--management of hand burns. AB - To achieve optimal hand function, wound closure becomes the most important ingredient in hand burns. This study documents the use of a biosynthetic compound dressing (Biobrane) which has been fabricated as a glove for management of hand burns. The glove allowed rapid active motion and minimized the pain of open wounds. Forty-two Biobrane glove applications were evaluated with 50 per cent applied over superficial hand burns and 50 per cent over deep partial thickness or full thickness injuries. In the superficial hand burns, the patients were discharged home after a mean time of 2.8 days. With the deep burns the dressing provided a closed wound after early excision of eschar without the use of an autograft or biological dressing. Based on these studies, we conclude that the biosynthetic compound dressing glove is a useful adjunct to be added to the armamentarium for treatment of the burned hand. PMID- 3147805 TI - Endothelium-dependent modulation of the pressor activity of arginine vasopressin in the isolated superior mesenteric arterial bed of the rat. AB - 1. Pressor responses to arginine vasopressin (AVP) were determined in the rat isolated superior mesenteric arterial bed perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution and compared with those to noradrenaline. 2. In control preparations the maximum pressor response to the peptide was 34 +/- 3 mmHg and the ED50 was 21 +/- 4 mu (n = 11). The maximal pressor response to noradrenaline (30 micrograms) was 100 +/- 6 mmHg (n = 8). After removal of the functional endothelium with the detergent CHAPS, the maximum pressor response to AVP increased to 64 +/- 4 mmHg and the ED50 decreased to 7.7 +/- 2.0 mu (n = 11) but the response to 10 micrograms noradrenaline was unaffected. 3. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (2.5 microM) significantly increased the maximum pressor response to AVP from 41 +/- 2 mmHg to 86 +/- 8 mmHg (n = 9); the ED50 was unchanged. Methylene blue (50 microM) also increased the maximum response from 41 +/- 3 mmHg to 87 +/- 13 mmHg (n = 8) without affecting the ED50. Neither treatment significantly affected the response to 10 micrograms noradrenaline. 4. Neither indomethacin (10 microM) nor BW755C (10 microM) had significant effects upon either the maximal response or ED50 for AVP nor did they affect the response to 10 micrograms noradrenaline. 5. In 6 preparations SKF-525A significantly increased both the ED50, from 9.8 +/- 2.1 to 22 +/- 2 mu, and the maximum response, from 36 +/- 2 to 70 +/- 3 mmHg. 6. It is concluded that the pressor response to AVP in this vascular bed is modulated, in the presence of functional endothelium, by the simultaneous release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. PMID- 3147807 TI - [In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer after induction of ovulation by menotropin]. PMID- 3147808 TI - [Propagation and replication of Hantaan virus in human endothelial cells in vitro]. PMID- 3147811 TI - Prognosis of elderly hospital patients with cerebral thrombosis. AB - Over 8000 patients with cerebral thrombosis (ICD-8 number 433) hospitalised between 1970 and 1980 were surveyed retrospectively for outcome and additional diseases. The case-fatality rates and long-term prognosis of the patients were strongly affected by age, and the number of patients requiring permanent hospital care rose sharply with increasing age. The case-fatality rates in the different age groups were as follows: under 50 years 6%, 50-64 years 16%, 65-74 years 32%, 75-84 years 48% and over 85 years 66%. The cumulative survival rates at 1 and 5 years were as follows: under 50 years 54 and 46%, 50-64 years and 38%, 65-74 years 60 and 20% and over 75 years 45 and 10%. Clinical manifest coronary heart disease clearly affected the prognosis of patients under 75 years, but the impact diminished with rising age. Although hypertension led to an earlier onset of ischemic stroke, it did not significantly influence the survival prognosis. In patients over 75 years additional diseases, e.g. diabetes, had no significant effect on case-fatality or long-term prognosis underlining the malignant nature of cerebral thrombosis itself. PMID- 3147810 TI - Effect of chronic sulfonylurea treatment on the myocardium of insulin-dependent diabetic rats. AB - Adult rats treated with high doses of streptozocin became progressively more hyperglycemic during the first month of the diabetic condition. Treatment of these rats with the sulfonylurea glyburide halted, and in some cases, reversed this process in a high percentage of the diabetics. Associated with the glyburide mediated improvement in fasting blood glucose levels was an increase in myocardial glucose utilization and lactate production. The stimulation of myocardial glucose utilization by insulin was greater in glyburide-treated hearts, indicating that the hyperglycemic agent increased insulin responsiveness. The sulfonylurea also partially restored insulin sensitivity to the normal range. In agreement with previous studies, myocardial mechanical function was significantly impaired in the diabetic heart. When treated with glyburide, the severity of the mechanical defect was significantly less. The sulfonylurea also promoted an increase in myosin ATPase activity and a shift in the myosin isozyme pattern in favour of the most active V1 form. These results imply that glyburide therapy can provide benefit to the diabetic heart by improving energy metabolism and promoting a shift in myosin towards the most active form. PMID- 3147812 TI - [Survey of the antibody level of Mycoplasma pneumonia in healthy population in Yunnan Province]. PMID- 3147809 TI - Nifedipine versus propranolol treatment for unstable angina in the elderly. AB - The effectiveness of nifedipine versus propranolol monotherapy in the treatment of unstable angina in the elderly was evaluated in 26 patients over age 65 years. The study utilized a randomized, parallel design with double-blind primary outcome measurements. Subjects (mean, 76 +/- 2 years) were allocated to nifedipine (n = 12) 10, 20 and 30 mg tid or propranolol (n = 14) 20, 40 and 80 mg tid with the dose increased at 24 to 72 h intervals if tolerated. Maintenance therapy was continued for three months. Unstable angina or myocardial infarction occurred in seven of 12 nifedipine patients versus two of 14 patients on propranolol (P = 0.025). The drugs were similar with respect to daily nitroglycerin use, treadmill walking time and left ventricular ejection fraction. Drug intolerance occurred in two patients on nifedipine and four on propranolol. Propranolol, if tolerated, appears to be more effective than nifedipine in preventing recurrent unstable angina or myocardial infarction in elderly patients. PMID- 3147813 TI - [Epidemiological survey of the focus of human angiostrongyliasis as first case in mainland of China]. PMID- 3147814 TI - [Geographical correlation analysis between schistosomiasis and large intestine cancer]. PMID- 3147815 TI - [Uses of determination on IgG-antibody against mycobacterial antigens for the diagnosis in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3147816 TI - [Some aspects of refractory pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3147817 TI - [An observation on hepatocarcinogenesis in rat by longterm feeding with minimal doses of aflatoxin B1]. PMID- 3147819 TI - The disposable contact lens: a new concept in extended wear. AB - Due to reports of severe eye infections associated with the extended wear of soft contact lenses, this once-popular mode of contact lens wear has fallen into disrepute and been abandoned by many fitters and patients. Recently, an extended wear disposable contact lens was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The lenses are designed to be worn continuously for one to two weeks and then discarded. A new pair is then inserted. This approach holds the potential to increase the safety, convenience, comfort, and quality of vision possible in extended wear. Clinical studies are presented in support of this position. I found this disposable contact lens to be a safe and convenient way to re-introduce extended wear. PMID- 3147818 TI - Disposable hydrogel contact lenses for extended wear. AB - Nine ophthalmologists and nine optometrists conducted a premarket study of the Acuvue disposable contact lens manufactured by Vistakon, Inc. Of the 812 patients offered the lens, 733 accepted it and were enrolled in the study. These patients were fitted with the lens and followed for a period of 8 months. Over 98% of these patients had 20/25 or better vision on initial fitting; and subjective ratings of lens comfort were very good. Only 3.7% (27 of 733) discontinued wearing their lenses during the study period. Thirty-four patients (5.6%) experienced a problem while wearing their contact lenses. PMID- 3147821 TI - Cost-effective evaluation of orthostatic hypotension. PMID- 3147820 TI - Tear lysozyme and lactoferrin levels in giant papillary conjunctivitis and vernal conjunctivitis. AB - We measured tear lysozyme by a radial immunodiffusion assay in patients with contact lens induced giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) and in patients with vernal conjunctivitis (VC). The VC and GPC patients had normal levels of tear lysozyme when compared to control individuals who did not have eye disease and to normal individuals who wore contact lenses without difficulty. In contrast, the tear concentration of lactoferrin (another important tear protein produced by the lacrimal glands) was reduced both in VC and GPC patients. Normal levels of tear lysozyme in the presence of reduced tear concentrations of lactoferrin may be a unique pattern in these two ocular conditions. The reduced tear levels of lactoferrin are probably not related to lacrimal gland dysfunction but to other factor(s) important in the pathogenesis of these two ocular disorders. PMID- 3147823 TI - Macro-creatine kinase type 1 possibly induced by intravenous hyperalimentation. PMID- 3147824 TI - Determination of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - We report a reliable method for determining DOPA levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. The method is based on complete conversion of DOPA to dopamine and quantification by HPLC-ECD of the dopamine formed. Lower limit of detection was 0.5 nmol/l. No differences in plasma DOPA levels were found between normal children (0-15 yr, n = 60), normal adults (n = 39) and patients with essential hypertension (n = 40) or Parkinson's disease (no DOPA therapy, n = 30). In normal individuals and in patients with essential hypertension venous plasma levels were higher than arterial levels (10.2 vs 9.3 nmol/l, p less than 0.001, V/A ratio 1.11 (SD 0.08), n = 15). Sympathetic stimuli (standing, tilting, bicycle exercise, tyramine) did not influence DOPA levels. In untreated depressed patients (n = 10) and in non-parkinsonian neurological patients (n = 12) cerebrospinal fluid levels of DOPA were 4.5 (SD 2.4) and 5.2 (SD 1.3) nmol/l respectively. A direct method for the measurement of DOPA by HPLC-ECD after deproteinization of plasma is also described and compared with the conversion method. Good agreement was found when plasma DOPA levels exceeded 0.25 mumol/l (y(conversion method) = 0.943x (direct method) + 0.118; n = 60; r = 0.985). The direct method, because of greater simplicity and the possibility of simultaneous measurement of the DOPA metabolite 3-O-methyldopa, is the method of choice with plasma samples from DOPA-treated patients. In non-DOPA treated individuals the conversion method is superior and has proved to be an accurate and sensitive method for the determination of DOPA levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 3147822 TI - Effect of dietary calcium glucarate on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced skin tumorigenesis in CD-1 mice. PMID- 3147825 TI - Interaction of horse-spleen ferritin with aluminium citrate. AB - Horse-spleen ferritin was found to bind Al systematically following gel filtration in buffered Al citrate 30 microM, and up to molar ratio 98 when incubated at 37 degrees C with Al citrate, buffered to pH 7.4. Pre-incubation with 3 concentrations of neutral sodium phosphate (0.1, 1.0, 10.0 mM) had no significant effect on binding. Apotransferrin interaction with the Al-ferritin complex to release Fe but not Al. Protein-digestion and EDTA washing procedures showed that the Al was firmly bound to the ferritin, probably to the core. Since ferritin species from different organs are relatively alike, we suggest that in the gut ferritin may scavenge Al followed by its re-excretion into the lumen with the mucosal cells, thus protecting against absorption of the metal. PMID- 3147826 TI - T3N0M0 glottic carcinoma--a failure analysis. AB - There is at present considerable controversy regarding the appropriate management of a patient who presents with a T3N0M0 glottic carcinoma. This paper presents the results for 141 patients presenting clinically with T3N0M0 glottic carcinoma between 1964 and 1981 and treated with primary radiotherapy reserving surgery for residual or recurrent disease. The actuarial survival for the entire group of patients was 50.5% at 5 yr; 28% of the patients died of glottic cancer. The local relapse-free rate achieved with radiotherapy was higher in female patients (68%) than male patients (41%) (P = 0.04); the local relapse-free rate was higher in males 60 yr of age or older (46%) than in males 59 yr of age or younger (31%) (P = 0.02). Involvement of all three laryngeal regions and initial tracheotomy were associated with a high primary failure rate. Fifty-nine per cent of patients alive at 5 yr retained and intact and functioning larynx. The time up until diagnosis of recurrence and the number of endoscopies required to establish recurrent or residual disease were all assessed with respect to their effects on survival and were shown to have no significant impact. Methods of improving the results of treatment for those patients with a high primary failure rate following radiotherapy are discussed. PMID- 3147827 TI - Production of interferon gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal subjects and from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A radioimmunoassay for human interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) has been carried out using a recombinant glycosylated interferon (Hu IFN-gamma) as tracer, the N.I.H. reference preparation (Gg 23-901-530) and a polyclonal rabbit antiserum. The assay is highly specific for IFN-gamma: there is no cross-reaction either with interferons alpha and beta, Interleukins 1 and 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha and beta or with various brain peptides. The sequential saturation procedure allowed a sensitivity of 0.4 U/ml with intra and between assay coefficients of variation less than 8 and 12%, respectively. The in-vitro production of IFN-gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P.B.M.C.) was also measured. In unstimulated cultures, IFN-gamma production remained undetectable, i.e. below the 0.4 U/ml sensitivity level. After stimulation of P.B.M.C. from normal subjects with increasing amounts of PHA, both the 3H-thymidine incorporation and IFN-gamma release followed bell-shaped curves. There was no significant difference of 3H thymidine incorporation between PHA stimulated cultures (0.2 and 2.5 ug/ml) from normal subjects (36 cases) and those with active (16 cases) or non-active (14 cases) rheumatoid arthritis. At two PHA concentrations of 0.2 and 2.5 ug/ml, mononuclear cells from patients with active disease produced significantly less IFN-gamma than those from either controls or cases with non-active disease. PMID- 3147828 TI - Effects of octopamine on renal function in anaesthetized dogs. AB - Increased levels of octopamine in adrenergic nerve terminals and plasma have been implicated in the circulatory and renal disturbances of chronic hepatic failure. Little is known about its renal actions in normal animals. In the present study, DL-octopamine was administered both i.v. and into one renal artery of anaesthetized dogs in doses ranging between 25-200 micrograms/min (1.6-20 micrograms/kg/min). Octopamine was hypertensive in doses of 100 micrograms/min and more and this change was associated with a significant decrement in GFR and renal perfusion. This amine also exerted a direct tubular effect since decreased excretion of sodium and water occurred in the absence of blood pressure or renal perfusional changes when given i.v. When given into one renal artery octopamine produced only an ipsilateral antidiuresis and antinatriuresis, in the absence of any change to GFR or renal perfusion. Lithium clearances suggest that octopamine acts beyond the proximal tubule in altering the tubular reabsorption of salt and water. Because octopamine was found to increase blood pressure in the presence of a hypertensive infusion of noradrenaline, it is likely that this amine exerts a primary pharmacological effect rather than liberating noradrenaline from nerve terminals. Saline expansion (7% body weight), acute biliary obstruction, chronic cirrhosis with ascites, and chronic thoracic caval constriction with the production of ascites all abolish the effect of octopamine when administered at 100 micrograms/min. Though octopamine may directly influence renal perfusion, its possible role in liver disease remains uncertain. PMID- 3147829 TI - The influence of insulin and sorbinil on myoinositol uptake in peripheral nerve from normal and diabetic rats and a neuroblastoma cell line (N1E-115). AB - The uptake of myo-inositol was investigated in femoral nerve fascicular preparations taken from control and streptozotocin-diabetic rats and in a clonal murine neuro-blastoma cell line (N1E-115), as a model of the neuronal component of the nerve preparation. Uptake was investigated in medium containing glucose, 5.6-25 mmol/l and inositol, 4 x 10(-5) mol/l. In the presence of glucose (25 mmol/l) myo-inositol uptake was decreased in nerve taken from streptozotocin diabetic animals when compared to control (26.4 +/- 2.2 pmol/100 micrograms protein/2 h vs 55.1 +/- 2.4 pmol/100 micrograms protein/2 h, p less than 0.005). Uptake in both preparations was higher in the presence of insulin added during the uptake experiment (73.4 +/- 5.7 pmol/100 micrograms protein/2 h and 64.4 +/- 3.9 pmol/100 micrograms/2 h, respectively). Prior treatment of the animals with insulin or with the aldose reductase inhibitor, sorbinil also resulted in an increase in myo-inositol uptake in streptozotocin diabetic nerve preparations. In control nerve preparations and in N1E-115 cells raising the glucose concentration from 5.6 through 25 mmol/l was associated with decreased myo-inositol uptake, with an inhibitory constant (Ki) of 21.4 mmol/l and 20.4 mmol/l for femoral nerve and N1E-115 cells respectively. An increase in myo-inositol uptake was found in N1E-115 cells, following pre-treatment of cells in culture with sorbinil or inclusion of insulin during the uptake experiment. Altered myoinositol metabolism may play a role in the functional and structural changes characterizing diabetic neuropathy. The effects of hyperglycaemia on myo-inositol uptake in experimental diabetes may be modified by insulin or by inhibition of sorbitol accumulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147830 TI - In vivo action of glibenclamide in obese subjects with mild type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes. AB - In order to evaluate whether the hypoglycaemic action of glibenclamide during chronic treatment of obese subjects with NIDDM is primarily due to changes in the daytime insulin level, in insulin secretion or to changes in tissue sensitivity to insulin, we studied eight NIDD's (age 43 +/- 3 years, body mass index 31.4 +/- 2.6 kg/m2) inappropriately controlled by dietary treatment alone. Before and after three months of glibenclamide treatment, plasma glucose, insulin and C peptide were measured hourly (0800 to 1600 hours) and in vivo insulin sensitivity was evaluated using the sequential euglycaemic clamp (insulin infusion: 0, 0.8, 3.2 mU/kg/min) in combination with 3-3H-glucose tracer technique. During glibenclamide treatment the mean daytime glucose level was reduced (11.2 +/- 0.5 versus 7.1 +/- 0.4 mmol/l, p less than 0.001) but not to normal (5.2 +/- 0.2 mmol/l, p less than 0.001). Before treatment the mean daytime insulin level was higher than normal (38 +/- 58 versus 24 +/- 2 microU/ml, p less than 0.05) and was increased by 79% (67 +/- 8 microU/ml, p less than 0.001) after three months of treatment. In contrast the mean C-peptide level was unchanged (1.40 +/- 0.13 versus 1.30 +/- 0.17 nmol/l, p = NS), although it was higher than normal on both occasions (0.84 +/- 0.09 nmol/l, p less than 0.05). The basal hepatic glucose production rate was normal before treatment (86 +/- 4 versus 82 +/- 3 mg.m-2.min 1 in normals, p = NS), and unchanged after glibenclamide treatment (80 +/- 3 mg.m 2.min-1, p = NS versus pretreatment level).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147832 TI - Development of urease conjugated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae in human sera. AB - Urease conjugated enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were developed for the detection of human IgM and IgG antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Results obtained by ELISA were compared with complement fixation test (CFT); which showed that of the 214 serum specimens tested, 80 were found to have antibody against M. pneumoniae. ELISA revealed that 70 of these specimens were IgG antibody, and 27 of them also contain IgM antibody. CFT failed to detect the presence of antibody against M. pneumoniae in five serum specimens tested. However, by using ELISA, three of them were found to have IgG and IgM antibodies. and the other two sera have IgG antibody only. Four out of the five specimens tested were the first serum specimens collected from patients with clinical and serological evidence of M. pneumoniae infection. In addition, 28 serum specimens, including 10 sera containing IgM rheumatoid factors and sera known to contain IgM antibody to other infectious organisms, were also tested for IgM antibody against M. pneumoniae by ELISA. None of these specimens showed a nonspecific reaction. ELISA had a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 96.3% when compared with CFT. Thus, ELISA developed in our laboratory is a specific test, and the results indicated that IgM ELISA might be used as a rapid diagnosis for M. pneumoniae infection. PMID- 3147834 TI - In vitro fertilization. PMID- 3147833 TI - Extraction of serologic and delayed hypersensitivity antigens from spherules of Coccidioides immitis. AB - We have used an aqueous toluene extraction procedure to obtain antigens from mature spherules of Coccidioides immitis. This extract contained many antigens as determined by immunoblotting and two-dimensional immunoelectrophoretic studies. These included antigens with specificity for tube precipitin-type antibodies having molecular weights greater than or equal to 100 KDa. The extract also displayed lymphocyte-transforming activity when tested on human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes from donors who react to coccidioidal skin tests but elicited no such stimulation of cells from persons whose coccidioidal skin tests were nonreactive. At high concentrations of the extract, lymphocyte transformation did not occur, a finding that could not be explained by nonspecific toxicity. When gel filtration was employed to separate antigens by size, tube precipitin-like activity and specific coccidioidal delayed-type hypersensitivity displayed overlap, although only the latter activity was apparent in lower molecular weight pools. PMID- 3147831 TI - What happens to patients with rheumatoid arthritis? The long-term outcome of treatment. PMID- 3147835 TI - Total parenteral alimentation: current issues. PMID- 3147836 TI - New approaches to diabetes in the young. PMID- 3147837 TI - Prevention of infectious diseases in childhood. PMID- 3147838 TI - Cell cycle dependent variation of calmodulin in Tetrahymena. AB - The level of calmodulin (CaM), a ubiquitous calcium-binding protein of eukaryotic cells was determined at different phases of the cell cycle in a synchronized Tetrahymena population. It was found that the concentration of CaM at G1 was approximately half of the concentration of S and this 2 x G1 level of CaM was maintained through the G2 and M stages of the cell cycle. To ascertain the role of CaM in the initiation of DNA synthesis, the cells were treated with trifluoperazine (TFP), a CaM antagonist, and EGTA (Ca2+-chelator) at the G1/S boundary. It was found that DNA synthesis was inhibited in these drug-treated cells. The uptake of the nucleotide precursor was not affected in TFP and EGTA treated cells, thus excluding the possibility of alteration in the membrane transport properties. Treatment with TFP failed to inhibit the synchronous mitotic division in Tetrahymena. The existence of a variable content of CaM through the cell cycle of Tetrahymena was demonstrated, suggesting the possible involvement of this Ca2+-binding protein in the nuclear DNA replication process. PMID- 3147839 TI - A pandemic of dengue fever on the Hainan Island. Epidemiologic investigations. PMID- 3147840 TI - Changes in osseous tissue after vascular bundle implantation. Experimental study on dogs. PMID- 3147841 TI - Quantitative analysis of T and B lymphocytes and their subpopulations of irradiated mouse by scanning microspectrophotometry. PMID- 3147842 TI - Jugular phlebectasia. Diagnosis and treatment of 20 patients. PMID- 3147843 TI - Perinatal asphyxia. Its association with cognitive and behavioral development of children. PMID- 3147844 TI - Gastric emptying after resection of esophageal cancer. PMID- 3147846 TI - Cysticercosis of the central nervous system. A clinical study of 1,400 cases. PMID- 3147845 TI - Mouse and human monoclonal antibodies against gastric cancer. Preparation and clinical application. PMID- 3147847 TI - Calcitonin in normal Chinese. PMID- 3147848 TI - Histomorphology of oral submucous fibrosis. Report of 24 cases. PMID- 3147849 TI - Prepapillary arterial loop. Report of 2 cases. PMID- 3147850 TI - Imaging of adrenal medulla with I-131-mIBG. Clinical experience in 208 cases. PMID- 3147852 TI - Synovial plica syndrome of the knee and related anatomy. PMID- 3147851 TI - Reverse passive hemagglutination for detection of fecal occult blood. A comparison with Japanese Immudia-Hem SP Kit. PMID- 3147853 TI - [Costs and benefits of intensive care]. PMID- 3147854 TI - [Ethical aspects of therapeutic borderline situations in intensive care]. PMID- 3147855 TI - [Serum lipids and apolipoproteins AI, B100, CI and CII in noninsulin-dependent diabetics]. PMID- 3147857 TI - [Clinical analysis and follow-up study of 92 cases of cerebral schistosomiasis]. PMID- 3147856 TI - [Effects of different regimens of drug administration on the absorption and plasma concentration of glibenclamide]. PMID- 3147859 TI - [Ultrasonic examination of retinal detachment and vitreal proliferative organization]. PMID- 3147858 TI - [Post-splenectomy immunological changes in schistosomiasis patients]. PMID- 3147860 TI - [Clinical analysis of orbital cavernous hemangiomas]. PMID- 3147861 TI - [The use of fetal corneas for keratoplasty]. PMID- 3147862 TI - [Clinical stages in alkali burn of the eye and its treatment]. PMID- 3147864 TI - [The visual evoked potential after occlusion therapy]. PMID- 3147863 TI - [Reduction of intraocular pressure before cataract surgery by ocular compression]. PMID- 3147865 TI - [Clinical use of simultaneous photography of the corneal and the fundus reflexes]. PMID- 3147866 TI - [A chromosomal study on the retinoblastoma solid tumor]. PMID- 3147869 TI - [Freeze fracture study of the retinal pigment epithelium of the chick embryo]. PMID- 3147868 TI - [Tunicamycin retinal degeneration in animal experimentation]. PMID- 3147867 TI - [Histological studies of ocular dysplasia in fetuses and new-borns]. PMID- 3147870 TI - [Serum survey of toxoplasmosis in ophthalmic patients]. PMID- 3147871 TI - [Histopathological study of the anterior chamber angle in glaucoma]. PMID- 3147873 TI - [Analysis of CT scanning of ophthalmic Graves' disease]. PMID- 3147872 TI - [Epibulbar neoplasms: a pathological analysis of 1,471 cases]. PMID- 3147874 TI - [The ultrasonograph of choroidal melanoma and its histopathological correlation]. PMID- 3147875 TI - [Ocular manifestations in acute leukemia]. PMID- 3147877 TI - [Immune responses to lens and uveal antigens in patients with endogenous uveitis]. PMID- 3147876 TI - [Unilateral exophthalmos due to mucocele in the frontal or ethmoidal sinus]. PMID- 3147878 TI - [Clinical analysis of 33 cases of peripheral uveitis]. PMID- 3147879 TI - [Normal V-EOG and its diagnostic standards]. PMID- 3147880 TI - [Correction of refractive errors with ultrathin and extended-wear soft contact lenses: report of 1,049 eyes]. PMID- 3147881 TI - [Zinc and copper contents of subretinal fluid in retinal detachment]. PMID- 3147882 TI - [Experimental study of bacterial endophthalmitis treated by vitrectomy]. PMID- 3147883 TI - DHFR coamplification of t-PA in DHFR+ bovine endothelial cells: in vitro characterization of the purified serine protease. AB - High-level expression of human tissue-type plasminogen activator was accomplished in endothelial cells by a novel approach to dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) coamplification in DHFR+ cells. A tripartite mammalian expression vector coding for DHFR, neomycin phosphotransferase, and the t-PA gene was introduced into bovine endothelial cells by transfection and selection for G418 resistance. Upon methotrexate selection of these transformants, we obtained endothelial cells that had amplified the plasmid-encoded DHFR and t-PA genes. As a result, cell lines were isolated that efficiently produced t-PA (greater than 4 pg/cell.day). This t PA was purified and compared with recombinant t-PA produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells. These two t-PA samples differed in carbohydrate composition, and amounts of 530 and 527 amino acid forms but had similar in vitro activity. PMID- 3147884 TI - [Modeling of the structure of a complex of ribonuclease from Bacillus intermedius 7P with guanosine-3'-phosphate]. PMID- 3147885 TI - [Regulatory gene controlling the expression of allotype H6 of immunoglobulin gamma-chain constant region in the American mink]. PMID- 3147886 TI - Pretreatment with ICRF-187 allows a marked increase in the total cumulative dose of doxorubicin tolerated by beagle dogs. AB - To study the influence of ICRF-187 on the functional and morphological effects of very large cumulative doses of doxorubicin, adult beagle dogs were given doxorubicin (1.75 mg/kg i.v.) either alone or 15 min after ICRF-187 (25 mg/kg, i.v.) at 3-week intervals. Control dogs received ICRF-187 (25 mg/kg, i.v.) or 0.9% saline without doxorubicin. Of eight animals receiving doxorubicin alone, two died after a total dose of 12.25 mg/kg and three died after 14 mg/kg; three others were in poor condition at the time of euthanasia after 14 mg/kg. Of eight animals receiving both ICRF-187 and doxorubicin, one died after 35 mg/kg, two died after 43.75 mg/kg and one died after 52.5 mg/kg; two dogs were euthanatized after 43.75 mg/kg because of difficulties encountered in giving i.v. injections, and two dogs survived a total dose of 52.5 mg/kg. All control dogs survived. None of the treatment or control groups developed consistent echocardiographic changes or alterations in mean arterial pressure. Dogs given ICRF-187 and doxorubicin developed PQ interval prolongation after 300 days and ventricular premature beats after 500 days. Each animal receiving doxorubicin alone had severe myocardial lesions (lesion score 3+). Of the animals given ICRF-187 and doxorubicin, one that received 35 mg/kg doxorubicin had no lesions; of four given 43.75 mg/kg, three had no lesions and one had minimal lesions (lesion score 1+); of three given 52.5 mg/kg, one had minimal (lesion score 1+) and two had moderate (lesion score 2+) lesions. Control animals had no myocardial lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147887 TI - [Changes in plasma tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor in acute myocardial infarction and its clinical significance]. PMID- 3147888 TI - Development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to norfloxacin during therapy. AB - Two elderly patients diagnosed with Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infections were treated with oral norfloxacin in the recommended dose of 400 mg q12h. Initially, antimicrobial susceptibility data indicated the organisms were sensitive to norfloxacin. Six to eight days into therapy urine cultures became positive for P. aeruginosa once again; this time, however, susceptibility reports indicated the organisms were now resistant to norfloxacin. Since cross-resistance among norfloxacin, other quinolones, and cephalosporins can occur, we recommend repeated urine cultures during and after norfloxacin therapy in elderly patients with complicated P. aeruginosa urinary tract infections. PMID- 3147890 TI - The role of extracorporeal lithotripsy (ESWL) in the treatment of gallstones. PMID- 3147889 TI - Hepatic monooxygenase induction and promutagen activation in channel catfish from a contaminated river basin. AB - To better understand the etiology of cancer in fish from polluted waters, the impact of environmental contaminants on xenobiotic metabolism of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) from a highly polluted water body, Devil's Swamp in southeastern Louisiana, has been investigated. Fish from Devil's Swamp bioaccumulated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides (CHI), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in fat tissue, the latter exceeding 7000 ppb. Reference catfish from the University farm, Ben Hur, were virtually devoid of PAH, CHI, and PCB. Liver microsomal enzymes (MFO) from Devil's Swamp fish were markedly induced. The specific content of cytochromes P450 and b5 and the specific activities of NAD(P)H-cytochrome c reductase were two to three times higher than those of Ben Hur fish. Consistent with this induction, a 9000g supernatant from Devil's Swamp but not Ben Hur fish activated 2-aminofluorene and benzo[a]pyrene (BP) to mutagens in the Ames test. BP metabolism by Devil's Swamp fish liver microsomes was inhibited to a greater extent by alpha-naphthoflavone than was BP metabolism by Ben Hur fish microsomes. This finding indicates that the induced activity in the Devil's Swamp fish liver was the result of P450 isozymes characteristic of PAH/PCB induction. Thus, exposure of fish to environmental pollutants can alter MFO leading to enhanced metabolic activation of promutagens to mutagens. PMID- 3147891 TI - Experience with flecainide for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in children. AB - We treated 22 children, aged 3 days to 16 years 6 months (median 11 years 1 month), with flecainide for a variety of arrhythmias where a Class I agent was indicated. In 16, conventional antiarrhythmic treatment had failed. Structural heart disease was present in nine. The arrhythmia was paroxysmal re-entry atrioventricular tachycardia in nine; paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, flutter or fibrillation in five; paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia in five and frequent ventricular extrasystoles (with couplets) in three. Sinus rhythm was achieved in all four children who received flecainide during tachycardia (three received intravenous flecainide, one oral). During follow-up of 3-24 months (median 12 months), arrhythmia control was obtained in 13 children (59%). Combination therapy was used in seven of these; with digoxin in four and a beta blocker in three. Flecainide doses used in this study ranged from 1-11 mg kg-1 day-1 (median 4 mg kg-1 day-1), 25-297 mg m-2 day-1 (median 113 mg m-2 day-1). The median, pre dose flecainide concentration in those responding to therapy was 225 micrograms l 1 and in those failing to respond was 417 micrograms l-1. An arrhythmogenic effect occurred in one child. PMID- 3147892 TI - Abrupt withdrawal of isosorbide-5-mononitrate in Durules (Imdur) after long term treatment in patients with stable angina pectoris. AB - In a single-blind study of 6 weeks' duration, 32 patients with stable angina pectoris, who had been receiving controlled-release, Durules, isosorbide-5 mononitrate (Imdur) 60 to 180 mg daily for at least 1 year, were assessed after abrupt withdrawal of the nitrate. After 2 weeks of placebo treatment nitrate therapy was re-instituted, and the patients followed for another 2 weeks. The possibility of development of tolerance and rebound phenomena was also investigated. Three patients experienced severe anginal symptoms necessitating hospitalization when controlled-release isosorbide-5-mononitrate was withdrawn abruptly. Patients complained of more severe anginal symptoms during the placebo period, experienced more frequent anginal attacks and used more glyceryl trinitrate tablets than during active treatment. ST segment changes during exercise were more pronounced with placebo. After controlled-release isosorbide-5 mononitrate was re-introduced, these variables indicated significant improvement. On the other hand, no deterioration occurred in exercise performance during the placebo phase. Responsiveness to glyceryl trinitrate was maintained, as shown by comparisons of exercise tests performed after the long term treatment and during the placebo phase. Controlled-release isosorbide-5-mononitrate retains a beneficial effect in patients with angina pectoris during prolonged use, although some attenuation of the effect is seen. Abrupt withdrawal of the drug is not recommended because of the possibility of severe exacerbation of anginal symptoms, although no clearcut rebound phenomena were seen. PMID- 3147894 TI - Albert E. Renold (1923-1988). PMID- 3147893 TI - Reproducibility of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in men following myocardial infarction. AB - Peak oxygen consumption during progressive exercise is of clinical relevance in the functional evaluation of the cardiac patient. The use of cardiopulmonary exercise testing for the evaluation of the efficacy of therapeutic intervention requires that the methods used yield reproducible results. This study compared the results of two consecutive, symptom-limited, maximal exercise tests in 170 men following confirmed myocardial infarction. On-line, real-time respiratory gas exchange was measured on a breath-by-breath basis. The data were processed by the system using a 9 s moving average filter and the peak values were determined as averaged over a representative 20-s interval during the final 1 min of the test. The mean (+/- SD) total exercise times for the two tests were 635 (+/- 109) vs. 652 (+/- 112) (r = 0.946). The mean (+/- SD) peak VO2 values were 1480 (+/- 337) vs. 1495 (+/- 350) ml min-1 (r = 0.923). Performance could not be predicted by routine assessment of infarct type or size. This study demonstrates that maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing in men following myocardial infarction yields highly reproducible results. PMID- 3147895 TI - Transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurements in type I diabetic patients for early detection of functional diabetic microangiopathy. AB - Seventy-six type I diabetic patients free of peripheral artery disease and 82 age matched healthy volunteers were studied by means of transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurements. Two transcutaneous probes were attached to the skin at the subclavian region and at the supramalleolar region. Basal transcutaneous oxygen pressure values and values during breathing of 5 and 10 1 O2 min-1, the rate of rise of oxygen pressure and the time required from the beginning of the oxygen pressure increase to the achievement of its maximum were recorded, and a regional perfusion index was calculated. Nearly all the measured transcutaneous oxygen parameters showed significant differences between diabetic and control subjects. The differences were most pronounced with the transcutaneous oxygen pressure values during oxygen breathing. Even patients with a diabetes duration of less than 1 year and free of any detectable microangiopathic complication, differed significantly from control subjects. These findings may indicate a microcirculatory disturbance in diabetic patients, which might be considered as the manifestation of a functional diabetic microangiopathy preceding any morphological alterations of the vasculature in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3147896 TI - Characterization of a heparin-like activity released in dogs during deep hypothermia. AB - In a previous paper, we demonstrated that deep hypothermia in dogs provokes a release of a heparin-like factor. In the present study, we investigated some properties of this anticoagulant activity and compared it with exogenous heparin activity. The endogenous anticoagulant inhibited factors IIa and Xa; it was hydrolysed by heparinase and was AT III dependent. However, it differed from heparin in so far as it was adsorbed on cation exchange gel at neutral pH, its inhibition was decreased in the presence of neuraminidase, and it could not be neutralized with Polybrene or protamine. A release of heparan sulphate is suggested but remains to be demonstrated. PMID- 3147897 TI - A monoclonal Ro-antibody and the serum of a Ro-positive patient with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) react with basal layers of human epidermis. AB - Skin lesions, especially at areas exposed to sunlight, prove to be a major form of manifestation of diseases related to Ro-antibodies and neonatal-, 'ANA negative-', and cutaneous types of lupus erythematosus. A monoclonal Ro-antibody established by our group reacts with a 60 kD polypeptide in extracts from human spleen, whereas in extracts from human epidermis the monoclonal Ro-antibody and a purified Ro-antibody from a monospecific serum of a patient with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus reacted with a 60 kD and a 48 kD protein. Performing immunofluorescence microscopy on HEp2-cells both antibodies showed a nuclear speckled staining pattern and a reaction with cytokeratin filaments. On skin biopsies obtained from the patient, predominantly the basal layers of the proliferative stratum germinativum demonstrated a high rate of immunofluorescence; antigen-expression seems to depend on sunlight exposure. From these data we assume that, especially in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, cross-reaction of the Ro-antibody with one of the lower molecular keratins happens in that area of human epidermis which histologically shows cellular destruction. PMID- 3147898 TI - Comparison of the effects of two different doses of alcohol on serum lipoproteins, HDL-subfractions and apolipoproteins A-I and A-II: a controlled study. AB - Our earlier studies have shown that heavy alcohol intake increases the serum concentration of HDL2. The present study aimed to test which HDL subfraction is affected by moderate alcohol intake, and to examine the time- and dose-dependency of alcohol-induced changes in serum lipoproteins. Therefore, 30 or 60 g day-1 of alcohol were given to 10 healthy male volunteers during two 3-week periods separated by an abstinence period of 3 weeks. Lipoproteins were fractioned by sequential flotation. On both doses the total HDL3 concentrations rose progressively, the maximum increases being 10 and 25% at the end of respective drinking periods. In contrast, the HDL2 increased slightly only on the dose of 60 g day-1. The serum concentrations of apoprotein A-I and A-II increased on both doses but significantly only on the dose of 60 g day-1; the increments being 22 and 35%, respectively. On the basis of these and our earlier findings we conclude that (i) the effects of heavy and moderate alcohol intake on serum HDL subfractions are different: the former preferentially increases the HDL2 whereas the latter augments the HDL3; (ii) alcohol-induced changes in serum lipoproteins are both time- and dose-dependent. PMID- 3147899 TI - Monocytic production and plasma bioactivities of interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor in human cancer. AB - Plasma concentrations and in-vitro production of interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor were evaluated in 23 weight-losing patients with cancer, six bacterially infected patients without cancer and six healthy controls. Bioactivity of interleukin-1 was found in the plasma from five of six bacterially infected patients but only from one of 23 cancer patients. Tumour necrosis factor activity was not detected in the plasma of any patient. In four of 23 patients with cancer, in-vitro stimulation of peripheral blood monocytes by either endotoxin or heat-killed Staphylococcus albus resulted in no significant production of interleukin-1. Such a defect was not seen in any of the bacterially infected or control patients. Tumour necrosis factor production by endotoxin stimulated blood monocytes was unaffected by the presence of cancer or bacterial infections and was normal in the four individuals with defective interleukin-1 production. We can therefore conclude that interleukin-1 bioactivity is not generally found in the plasma of weight-losing cancer patients. Furthermore, in a fraction of such cancer patients, monocytic production of interleukin-1 is markedly down-regulated. However, this defect appears to be specific for interleukin-1 since in-vitro tumour necrosis factor production is normal. PMID- 3147900 TI - Decreased insulin sensitivity and muscle enzyme activity in elderly subjects. AB - Skeletal muscle glycogen deposition, and the activation of muscle glycogen synthase and pyruvate dehydrogenase during a hyerinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp have been measured in six young and six elderly males matched for body mass index, physical activity and diet. Clamp glucose requirement (insulin, 0.1 U kg-1 h-1) was significantly lower in the older subjects (8.0 +/- 0.4 mg kg-1 min-1) than in younger subjects (10.5 +/- 0.6 mg kg-1 min-1, P less than 0.02). Although the older subjects had a 6.5% decrease in lean body mass, clamp glucose requirement expressed per unit of lean body mass was also significantly decreased in the older subjects (10.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 12.4 +/- 0.6 mg kg-1 min-1, P less than 0.05). The increase in muscle glycogen with the clamp was decreased by 33% in the older subjects (elderly: 13.1 +/- 1.3 mg g-1 protein, young: 19.6 +/- 2.2 mg g-1 protein; P less than 0.05), and was strongly correlated with clamp glucose requirement (r = 0.72, P less than 0.01). Glucose-6-phosphate independent glycogen synthase activity increased significantly between fasting and the end of the clamps in both groups (P less than 0.001), but was lower at the end of the clamp in the older subjects (P less than 0.05). Glycogen synthase activity at the end of the clamp correlated with both clamp glucose requirement (r = 0.83, P less than 0.01) and muscle glycogen deposition (r = 0.73, P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147901 TI - Oxyntomodulin: a potential hormone from the distal gut. Pharmacokinetics and effects on gastric acid and insulin secretion in man. AB - Synthetic oxyntomodulin, a predicted product of the glucagon gene, which is produced in the human lower intestinal mucosa, was infused in doses of 100 and 400 ng kg-1 h-1 into six volunteers to study its pharmacokinetics and effects on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion (100 ng kg-1 h-1). The concentration of oxyntomodulin in plasma measured with a cross-reacting glucagon assay increased from 37 +/- 5 to 106 +/- 17 and 301 +/- 40 pmol l-1, respectively. The metabolic clearance rate was 5.2 +/- 0.7 ml kg-1 min-1 and the half-life in plasma was 12 +/- 1 min. Oxyntomodulin reduced the pentagastrin stimulated acid secretion by 20 +/- 9% during the low-rate infusion (P less than 0.05) and by 76 +/- 10% during the high-rate infusion (P less than 0.05). In accordance with the homology with glucagon, there was a small, significant rise in plasma concentrations of insulin and insulin C-peptide during oxyntomodulin infusion. Oxyntomodulin may therefore be included among the potential incretins and enterogastrones in man. PMID- 3147902 TI - The effect of ageing on human platelet sensitivity to serotonin. AB - Twelve healthy young volunteers (mean age 21, range 18-27 years) and 12 elderly people (mean age 77, range 72-86 years) were tested regarding platelet aggregation induced by adrenaline, ADP and serotonin. The serum levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and serum 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and the plasma level of adrenaline and cyclic AMP (cAMP) were also measured. Platelet aggregation induced by adrenaline and ADP increased significantly in the elderly compared with the young group (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.02, respectively). There was a substantial and highly significant increase in the response of platelets from elderly people to serotonin (P less than 0.01). No alteration was observed in the serum level of TXB2 or 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Plasma adrenaline increased in the old group, but plasma cAMP was unaffected. As serotonin is known to amplify adrenaline- and ADR-induced platelet aggregation, the considerable increase in platelet sensitivity to serotonin could be an important factor in the increased adrenaline and ADP-induced platelet aggregability of elderly people. PMID- 3147903 TI - Methodological limitations of the use of intrinsic hepatic clearance of ICG as a measure of liver cell function. AB - Negligible extra-hepatic elimination of indocyanine green (ICG) makes it well suited as a liver test substance. The liver blood flow rate (Q) is estimated from concentration measurements in peripheral (A) and hepatic venous (V) blood during a constant ICG infusion rate (Inf), as Q = Inf/(A-V). Intrinsic hepatic clearance of ICG, Cli = Inf/((A-V)/ln(A/V)), is interesting because it should give a flow independent quantitative estimate of liver cell function, utilizing the same concentration measurements. The present study was aimed to investigate possible limitations involved in the estimation and use of Cli of ICG in 41 liver patients and 20 controls. Time-dependence was studied by means of two successive 40-min infusion periods (with no significant change in Q). Cli of ICG decreased 6% per hour +/- 3% (mean +/- SD, n = 6, P less than 0.01) due to a small but significant increase of the concentrations during the infusion period. Flow-dependence was studied by measurements before and after an increment of flow of on average 51%, induced by the intake of a meal. This caused no significant change in Cli of ICG (P greater than 0.5, n = 5, Student's paired t-test). The intrinsic hepatic clearance of ICG was on average 0.75 +/- 0.26 l plasma min-1 (+/- SD, n = 20) in controls and 0.39 +/- 0.18 l plasma min-1 in liver patients (n = 41), P less than 0.001. It was positively correlated to the galactose elimination capacity, although the scatter was large (P less than 0.05, n = 56).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147904 TI - Asparaginase-induced derangements of glutamine metabolism: the pathogenetic basis for some drug-related side-effects. AB - Several side-effects of asparaginase therapy have been said to be a consequence of the glutaminase activity of Escherichia coli asparaginase, especially the deleterious influence on the liver function. We report here the drug-induced impairments of asparagine and glutamine metabolism in correlation to concentrations changes of plasma proteins, synthesized in the liver, in patients with acute lymphatic leukaemia. One hour after asparaginase application, plasma glutamine decreased to 5% (0-39%: median, range) of the initial values, with a subsequent rise to concentrations slightly lower than those prior to therapy. During the 14 days of drug application the fasting plasma concentrations of glutamine fell to a median of 63% of the pre-therapeutic levels, indicating a depletion of the glutamine pools. Two days after the end of asparaginase application, in one patient the glutamine concentrations increased to the pre therapeutic range. Plasma concentrations of fibrinogen and antithrombin III decreased to 46% and 56%, respectively, of the initial values, with a slight increase 2 days after the end of therapy. The changes of plasma protein concentrations followed the course of plasma glutamine and asparagine. From that we deduce that the hepatic synthesis of the plasma proteins might be influenced by asparagine and glutamine depletion as a consequence of the therapy with E. coli asparaginase. PMID- 3147905 TI - Effect of cholestyramine on plasma cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide levels, and exocrine pancreatic secretion. AB - The effect of acute and long-term administration of cholestyramine, a non absorbable bile salt binding resin, on exocrine pancreatic secretion, plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) and plasma-pancreatic polypeptide (PP) was investigated in 10 healthy volunteers. Oral ingestion of 12 g cholestyramine augmented the stimulatory effect of a liquid test meal on plasma-CCK (3.5-fold) and plasma-PP (2-fold). During prolonged treatment with 3 x 12 g cholestyramine daily for 4 weeks, the most pronounced increase in basal hormone levels was observed after 1 day, but progressively decreased during treatment and had normalized after 4 weeks. However, the stimulated plasma-CCK output was still significantly elevated after cessation of treatment, compared with pretreatment values. After acute and chronic cholestyramine administration only stimulated lipase secretion was elevated, whereas trypsin and amylase remained unchanged. It is suggested that removal of bile salts enhances CCK and thereby PP release and pancreatic lipase secretion. PMID- 3147907 TI - Ammonia and glutamine metabolism in human liver slices: new aspects on the pathogenesis of hyperammonaemia in chronic liver disease. AB - Ammonia and glutamine metabolism was studied in slices from normal, fatty and cirrhotic human livers. The liver disease was evaluated by histological examination. With respect to ammonia removal, urea and glutamine synthesis in human liver represent low and high affinity systems with k0.5(NH4+) values of 3.6 and 0.11 mM, respectively. Compared with normal control livers, cirrhotic livers showed a decreased glutamine synthesis from NH4Cl by about 80%. The same was true for urea synthesis. Conversely, flux through hepatic glutaminase was increased in cirrhosis 4-6-fold. These changes in hepatic glutamine and ammonia metabolism were observed regardless of whether reference was made to liver wet weight, DNA or protein content. Acetazolamide inhibited urea synthesis in cirrhotic liver slices by about 50%, indicating that mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase is required for urea synthesis also in cirrhosis. There was a significant correlation between the in-vitro determined capacity for urea synthesis from NH4Cl and the in-vivo determined plasma bicarbonate concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3147908 TI - Usefulness of granulosa cells culture for testing of FSH activity. AB - The trials have been undertaken to elaborate the experimental conditions of granular cells cultivation for FSH activity testing. PMID- 3147906 TI - Rates of bone loss in normal women: evidence of accelerated trabecular bone loss after the menopause. AB - We have followed the changes in bone mass over 2 years in 42 premenopausal, seven perimenopausal and 76 postmenopausal women. The latter had passed a natural menopause between 6 months and 7 years previously. Bone mass was measured every 3 months at the proximal and distal forearm sites by single photon absorptiometry, and every 6 and 12 months in the lumbar spine and whole body by dual photon absorptiometry. The relative content of trabecular bone is approximately 15, 50, 60 and 20% at these four sites. Before the menopause there was a significantly low rate of bone loss from the two forearm sites and the whole body, whereas the spinal loss was insignificant. The rate of loss was five- to ten-fold higher at all sites after the menopause (P less than 0.001). With increasing menopausal duration the rate of loss declined at the two forearm sites and whole body (P less than 0.01). The distal forearm loss was larger than the proximal, both before and after the menopause (P less than 0.01). From the forearm results we thus conclude that a slightly larger loss of trabecular than cortical bone takes place both before and immediately after the menopause. The loss of both types of bone is, however, much larger after the menopause and this rapid bone loss seems to take place throughout the skeleton. PMID- 3147909 TI - High-performance-liquid-chromatographic analysis of radiolabelled prostaglandins and fatty acids with the radial compression column. AB - The method described is a rapid and reproducible separation of different prostanoids. With the use of a reversed phase 5 micron-radial compression column instead of a steel column-HPLC analysis is improved within a shorter time. In order to separate also the non-polar substances like arachidonic acid (AA) and hydroxy fatty acids in an appropriate time, a gradient-elution is used. The radioactivity is counted immediately after the column within a radioactivity monitor. With this system it is possible to examine the AA-metabolites enzymatically formed in cells or tissue from exogenous AA. PMID- 3147910 TI - N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in experimental rat gastrocarcinogenesis: comparative sensibility to MNNG-carcinogenic action of the gland epithelium and the epithelium of experimental endophytic hyperplastic adenomatous structures. AB - The comparative sensibility of the stomach gland epithelium and the epithelium of experimental gastric adenomatous diverticuli to carcinogenic action of N-methyl N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was examined in experiments carried out in 107 rats; pathohistological techniques and electron-microscopic methods were applied. The epithelium of adenomatous diverticuli showed no signs of atypia or neoplasia in the course of MNNG-induced gastrocarcinogenesis. On the contrary, the epithelium of the gland cambial zone developed precancerous changes and adenocarcinomas. The formation of experimental diverticuli did not stimulate the development of rat stomach cancer. PMID- 3147911 TI - Fibreoptic bronchoscopy in smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - Fifty smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Bronchial aspirate smears of twelve patients and post-bronchoscopic sputum smears of fourteen patients were positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Bronchial biopsy provided the diagnosis in 9 out of 30 patients. Brush smears were positive in 28 patients, being the only positive sample in ten cases. A high yield from brush smears was obtained due to their preparation from caseous material wherever visible in the bronchi. With these results a rapid diagnosis was established in 36 of the 50 patients. When culture results were available, a definite diagnosis of tuberculosis was made in 45 of the patients. The yield from brush smears was found to be significantly better when compared to bronchial aspirate smears (p less than 0.01) and post-bronchoscopic sputum smears (p less than 0.01). PMID- 3147912 TI - CO2 response and pattern of breathing in patients with symptomatic hyperventilation, compared to asthmatic and normal subjects. AB - We studied six patients with symptomatic hyperventilation, using new techniques to quantify baseline variability of respiratory variables, and to assess CO2 sensitivity around the control point using a stimulus not detectable by the subject. We compared them with six normal subjects and six patients with mild asthma. Symptomatic hyperventilators had normal mean ventilation and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PETCO2) at rest. Asthmatic subjects had higher ventilation and lower PETCO2. Symptomatic hyperventilators had a larger number of sighs and abnormally wide fluctuations in baseline for inspiratory time, expiratory time, and PETCO2. These could not be explained by an abnormal ventilatory response to a transient CO2 input; the transient response near the control point was undoubtedly normal. PMID- 3147913 TI - [Aldose reductase activity in clear and senile cataractous lenses]. PMID- 3147914 TI - [Effect of the (Fab')2 fragment of the anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibodies on Pseudomonas-induced keratitis in rats]. PMID- 3147916 TI - Changes in the polyamine and nucleotide metabolism of P388 leukemia cells treated with DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine in culture. AB - Influence of DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) treatment on the growth kinetics, labelling index, extra- and intracellular polyamine and nucleotide concentrations was monitored in cultured P388 leukemia cells. A substantial decrease of cell proliferation was observed when the cells were continuously treated with 1-5 mM DFMO. Depletion of cellular polyamines, mostly of putrescine and spermidine, was seen with a concomitant but delayed increase of spermidine and spermine levels in the culture medium. Changes of DNA content and of labelling index of untreated and treated cells seem to indicate that DFMO arrested cells in G1/S transition. The results presented here provide additional in vitro evidence on the characteristic changes in the metabolic imbalance of ornithine in tumor cells induced by DFMO via inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase and ornithine carbamoyl transferase activities. PMID- 3147915 TI - [Sexual dimorphism in the content of luliberin following deafferentation of the mediobasal hypothalamus]. AB - Luliberin (LH-RH) was assayed radioimmmunologically in the hypothalamic fragments taken from male and female rats, intact or with isolated mediobasal hypothalamus. An increased amount of LH-RH was found in the fragments containing organum vasculosum of the lamina terminals (OVLT) and taken from intact males. LH-RH amount was negligible in isolated parts of hypothalamic fragments containing arquate nucleus of median eminence. OVLT of females was mu;ch richer with LH-RH than that of the males. The females though were characterized by a lower blood lutropin. The inhibitory influences on the secretion of LH-RH seem to be more obvious in intact males than in females. PMID- 3147918 TI - The MIS guidelines offer opportunity to the researcher. PMID- 3147919 TI - A formal review process for capital equipment requests. PMID- 3147917 TI - T-cell depletion by monoclonal antibodies does not prevent granuloma formation in mice. AB - Effects of T-cell depletion on the formation of organized granulomas in mouse skin were investigated. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to L3T4 and Lyt-2.2 were injected into euthymic BALB/c mice in order to deplete both T-helper and T suppressor cell populations. Four days after injection, hepatic schistosome egg granulomas were transplanted into the skin. Injection of MoAbs to L3T4 and Lyt 2.2 was repeated in the recipient mice 6 days later. At the time of transplantation, flow cytometric analysis showed that the number of T cells which were positively stained with surface markers decreased on average by 68% in both regional lymph nodes and spleen. The mitogen response of spleen cells was also markedly reduced. Despite their immunosuppressed condition, development of organized granulomas was observed in the skin of recipient mice by light and electron microscopy 3 weeks after transplantation. The findings indicate that T cell function may not be essential for initiation of organized granuloma formation. PMID- 3147920 TI - Release of biological mediators in response to acute radiation injury. PMID- 3147921 TI - Standard mouse ear swelling test (MEST) PMID- 3147922 TI - Analysis of microdifferentiation in a Spanish cellar population of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Variation in Adh and alpha Gpdh-1 gene frequencies has been used to check for microdifferentiation in Spanish samples of Drosophila melanogaster inside and outside a wine cellar. Flies were collected after vintage and after overwintering respectively; within each period samples were taken on up to five consecutive days each month. Variation of gene frequencies of Adh and alpha Gpdh-1 can be considered random when samples collected each month are taken into account. When mean monthly frequencies are considered, alpha Gpdh-1 does not show any significant variation all over the year; yet, variation of the frequency of AdhS shows a cyclical pattern, its frequency being maximum at the end of the summer and minimum after overwintering. Due to the parallel change of the frequency of the inversion In(2L)t and the AdhS allele, no decision can be made whether the Adh locus itself or the inversion are responsible for the changes. PMID- 3147923 TI - The effect of metals and alcohol on sexual isolation in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Strong sexual isolation established between D. melanogaster long-term cage populations (originated from common parents and being under selection pressure since 1972) is maintained (with a tendency to increase) for twelve years after the origin of the populations. The sexual isolation is also maintained when the populations are kept in common conditions for about two years, while it dramatically decreases when the populations live on a food medium supplemented with strong chemical selective factors, such as various metals or ethanol. Seasonal or geographical studies of sexual isolation between natural and our cage populations did not reveal significant deviation from random matings. The genetic nature of sexual isolation is discussed. PMID- 3147924 TI - Chromosomal locations of actin genes are conserved between the melanogaster and obscura groups of Drosophila. AB - The actin genes of D. subobscura and D. madeirensis were mapped by in situ hybridization, using a D. melanogaster probe. Six loci were detected, and they were strikingly similar in chromosomal location to the six actin loci previously characterized in D. melanogaster. PMID- 3147926 TI - Fibrinolytic properties of peritoneal fluid in endometriosis. AB - A decreased intraabdominal fibrinolytic activity has been proposed as an etiological factor in the development of endometriosis. To test this hypothesis plasminogen, fibrinogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its inhibitor and the degradation products of fibrin were determined in the peritoneal fluid of 25 patients with and 45 patients without endometriosis. No significant difference was found for any of the parameters. Therefore, a role for the fibrinolytic system as an etiological factor in the development of endometriosis is unlikely. A high concentration of t-PA was found in comparison to normal blood levels, leading to a high concentration of fibrin degradation products in the peritoneal fluid, indicating an active system of intraabdominal fibrinolysis. A high concentration of fibrin degradation products further indicates the presence of fibrinogen and its turnover secondary to thrombin action. PMID- 3147925 TI - Impoverishing the elderly: a case study of the financial risk of spend-down among Massachusetts elderly people. PMID- 3147927 TI - Effect of exogenous and endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone on prolactin secretion in perimenopausal women. AB - Serum concentrations of PRL, LH and FSH were examined in 17 perimenopausal women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding (PDUB group), after stimulation with exogenous GnRH (a 100-micrograms i.v. bolus dose), and endogenous GnRH (as induced by an estrogen challenge test). Five normal cycling women during the follicular phase of the cycle were used as control (FP group). Exogenous GnRH induced increments in the concentration of PRL, FSH and LH in PDUB and FP women. Increases were statistically higher for FSH (p less than 0.001) and LH (p less than 0.01), but not for PRL, in the FP group. No significant correlation was found between LH-PRL or FSH-PRL in PDUB women. A positive correlation was found when the maximal LH percent change for each case was compared with the simultaneous PRL percent value (r = 0.83, p less than 0.001) during the estrogen test. We conclude that, as shown by previous studies in both hypogonadal and normal women, also in this perimenopausal model exogenous GnRH induces secretion of PRL, LH and FSH, and that a positive correlation exists between LH and PRL under the finely modulated stimulation of gonadotrophs by endogenous GnRH. PMID- 3147928 TI - Studies on asphyxia: on the changes of the alveolar walls of rats in the hypoxic state. II. The hypoxic state produced by carbon dioxide and methane gases. AB - Experimental studies were presented here concerning death by asphyxia due to the inhalation of carbon dioxide and methane gases. The morphological changes were almost the same as those demonstrated in our previous report. The authors concluded that the morphological changes in the lung tissue were not attributable to the chemical specificity of gases used in the experiment but to the decrease of oxygen. PMID- 3147930 TI - DataWatch. National medical care spending. PMID- 3147929 TI - Effects of prostaglandin E1 on posttransfusion hepatitis following surgery. PMID- 3147931 TI - Perspectives: Canada. Split vision: interpreting cross-border differences in health spending. PMID- 3147932 TI - Perspectives: United States. Learning from the Canadian experience. PMID- 3147934 TI - Perspectives: United States. Fixing an inefficient system. PMID- 3147933 TI - Perspectives: United States. Defending the U.S. approach to health spending. PMID- 3147935 TI - Hospital spending in the United States and Canada: a comparison. PMID- 3147936 TI - Covering catastrophic expenses under Medicare. PMID- 3147937 TI - Glycoconjugates of the human sperm surface: distribution and alterations that accompany capacitation in vitro. AB - We have studied changes in the binding of fluoresceinated lectins to human sperm during in vitro capacitation. We first determined the surface labeling pattern of viable sperm obtained by the swim-up procedure. Sperm were labeled with 100 micrograms/ml FITC-conjugated lectin at 4 degrees C for 30 min. We simultaneously used Hoechst stain 33258 as a supravital stain to help differentiate surface from intracellular lectin labeling. Of 14 lectins studied, six (phytohemagglutinin-E, concanavalin A, Ricinus communis agglutinin-I, and the lectins of wheat germ, Lens culinaris, and Pisum sativum) bound to the entire surface of sperm, sometimes with minor local heterogeneity. Three lectins (from peanut, Maclura pomifera, and soybean) usually bound in a punctate manner, with more label on the tail than on the head. Five lectins (Ulex europaeus, Dolichos biflorus, Helix pomatia, and Vicia villosa lectins, and lectin II of Griffonia simplicifolia) bound very poorly or not at all to the sperm surface. Sperm were also inspected for changes in surface lectin binding patterns after 0, 5, and 23 hr of incubation in a capacitating medium. Two lectins showed reproducible changes. The labeling by Maclura pomifera agglutinin decreased by 5 hr in eight of ten experiments, and among sperm labeled with concanavalin A, the incidence of sperm with a highly fluorescent anterior margin of the sperm head increased by about 3.5-fold between 0 and 5 hr. The labeling pattern of the other lectins did not change. PMID- 3147938 TI - Effect of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine of different chain length on acrosome breakdown and fertilizing capacity of amphibian spermatozoa. AB - The effect of different lipids on the fertilizing capacity of Bufo arenarum spermatozoa and on acrosome breakdown of Leptodactylus chaquensis spermatozoa was studied. Sonicated vesicles of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (1 mM) were as effective as vesicles of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol (molar ratio 1:0.9) in inhibiting the fertilizing capacity of Bufo arenarum spermatozoa. This suggests that cholesterol depletion from the spermatozoa was not the cause of the fertility loss. Bufo arenarum spermatozoa were incubated with phosphatidylcholines with even chain length from 6 to 18 carbons. At a concentration of 0.01 mM, didecanoyl-phosphatidylcholine reduced fertilizing capacity to 10% in a few minutes and to 0% within 60 minutes. Didodecanoyl phosphatidylcholine required 2 hours to reduce fertility to 10% and 4 hours to cause a 100% loss of fertilizing capacity. A concentration of didecanoyl phosphatidylcholine as low as 5 x 10(-4) mM caused a more than 95% fertility loss in less than five minutes. At a concentration of 0.1 mM, didecanoyl phosphatidylcholine induced complete acrosome breakdown in Leptodactylus chaquensis spermatozoa in 15 minutes, whereas didodecyl-phospatidylcholine required 2 hours. At a concentration 100-fold lower didecanoyl phosphatidylcholine induced complete acrosome breakdown in 2 hours. Electron microscopic observations in both species showed loss of acrosome caused by the action of the didecanoyl-phosphatidylcholine. Longer chain phosphatidylcholines exerted an inhibitory effect on Bufo arenarum spermatozoa fertilizing capacity at a higher concentration when in a vesicular form. PMID- 3147939 TI - A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and an activator of protein kinase C improve in vitro oocyte maturation in Macaca fascicularis. AB - Cynomolgus monkey oocytes were recovered from follicles greater than 1,000 microns in diameter at day 8 in gonadotropin-stimulated cycles and cultured in vitro for 2 days. Germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) occurred in 30.3% of control oocytes (n = 76) compared with 54.0% and 55.0% of oocytes cultured in presence of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa), Buserelin (n = 50), or a protein kinase C activator, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-racglycerol (OAG, n = 40), respective (P less than .01). As similar results were obtained using OAG or Buserelin, we hypothesize that the action of Buserelin upon the primate oocyte is protein-kinase-C dependent. The possible effects of Buserelin on in vivo oocyte maturation have to be determined. PMID- 3147940 TI - "It's the focus, not the locus." Hocus-pocus! PMID- 3147942 TI - Intraspecies differentiation of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis obtained from Czechoslovakian, Mongolian and south Indian patients. PMID- 3147943 TI - Drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from sputum in Manipal. PMID- 3147944 TI - Carbamazepine in absence seizure. PMID- 3147941 TI - Effects of facility characteristics on the social adjustment of mentally ill residents of board-and-care homes. AB - Data from a survey of 851 mentally ill residents of 210 board-and-care homes in seven states were used to assess the extent to which facility characteristics such as size, rate of resident turnover, operation for profit, cost of care, staffing ratios, and location of the home encourage resident activity or permit resident apathy. Residents of smaller nonprofit homes engaged in more kinds of activities within the facility, made more excursions into the community, and were more likely to engage in productive activities than residents of larger for profit homes. The effects of size and for-profit operation were accentuated for individuals with greater impairment in social functioning. PMID- 3147945 TI - Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle: a complication. PMID- 3147946 TI - Obturation of root canals using the single cone gutta-percha technique and dentinal bonding agents. PMID- 3147948 TI - Nitrate tolerance--a therapeutic dilemma. PMID- 3147947 TI - Regulation of the immune response to allergens by immunosuppressive allergenic fragments. 1. Peptic fragments of honey bee venom phospholipase A2. AB - Nine patients with anaphylactic sensitivity to honey bee venom (HBV) were treated with P-1, a pepsin derived fragment of HBV phospholipase A2 (PLA2). P-1 caused only rare reactions with doses of 100 micrograms/injection. Treatment resulted in a substantial decrease in specific anti-PLA2 IgE and IgG antibodies as well as a decline in skin test sensitivity to PLA2. Another group of HBV-sensitive patients was treated with unaltered PLA2. Doses greater than 20 micrograms/injection were not tolerated. PLA2 injections caused an increase in anti-PLA2 IgG and IgE antibodies as well as increase in skin test sensitivity. This study demonstrates that a nonimmunogenic fragment derived from an allergen can downregulate immune responses and thus offer a new modality for therapy of allergic diseases. PMID- 3147949 TI - Myocardial salvage with streptokinase combined with nitroglycerine and verapamil in acute myocardial infarction. AB - We tested the hypothesis that preservation of left ventricular function results from treatment with intravenous streptokinase given in the first 2 hours from onset of acute transmural myocardial infarction together with nitroglycerine and verapamil. Thirty-three consecutive patients with onset of pain less than 2 hours prior to admission, received intravenous streptokinase 1.5 x 10(6) units with intravenous nitroglycerine and verapamil; 23 concurrently admitted "control" patients with pain onset 2-4 hours received intravenous nitroglycerine and verapamil only. Radionuclide ventriculographic assessment at 2 days revealed a significantly greater left ventricular ejection fraction in the streptokinase treated patients (54.5 +/- 2.8 vs 46.1 +/- 2.9; P less than 0.05), which persisted at 28-35 days (50.1 +/- 2.3 vs 41.2 +/- 2.9; P less than 0.05). Streptokinase-treated patients had a significantly increased incidence of ischaemic events in the 35 days following infarction, but a lower incidence of death, congestive cardiac failure and non-fatal ventricular tachycardia than control group patients. Infarct-related artery patency assessed at 3-5 days was 94% in streptokinase-treated patients. We conclude that early presentation and treatment with intravenous streptokinase, nitroglycerine and verapamil is associated with a high incidence of successful thrombolysis and significant preservation of left ventricular function. Nitroglycerine and verapamil may augment the efficacy of streptokinase in this group of patients. PMID- 3147950 TI - Rioprostil: a clinical experience in gastric ulcer treatment. AB - The efficacy and tolerability of the prostaglandin E1 derivative rioprostil (Bay o 6893) was studied in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 40 patients affected by acute gastric ulcer. At the end of the eight weeks period ulcer healing was achieved in 85% of the rioprostil-treated patients and in 60% of the placebo-treated ones (p less than 0.05). Rioprostil produced a significant reduction of pain and also improved the clinical status. This positive outcome was noted both in smokers and in non-smoking patients, while only this last group improved during the placebo treatment. PMID- 3147951 TI - Schistosomiasis update. PMID- 3147952 TI - [AIDS, old solutions to a new problem]. PMID- 3147953 TI - [Statistics on hospital morbidity: filling out the Registry Book]. PMID- 3147954 TI - [Tuberculin testing in a neighborhood with a gypsy population]. PMID- 3147956 TI - [Minor health problems in a university population]. PMID- 3147955 TI - [Validation of the death certificate using a telephone survey]. PMID- 3147957 TI - [Criteria for the distribution of health resources in Spain]. PMID- 3147958 TI - [The distribution of medical services in Europe. Access and financing] ]. PMID- 3147959 TI - [Extension of the ICD-9-CM classification of surgical interventions]. PMID- 3147960 TI - [All a challenge for the coming decades (implications of the aging of the population for the strategic planning of health services in Spain)]. PMID- 3147961 TI - [The efficacy of an information seminar on certification of the causes of death]. PMID- 3147962 TI - [Drug prescription in primary health care ]. PMID- 3147963 TI - [The notification of 6 diseases with mandatory reporting in 3 provinces of Catalonia]. PMID- 3147964 TI - [Uses of the death certificate in a population-based cancer registry]. PMID- 3147965 TI - [Standardization of information in primary care: present and future]. PMID- 3147966 TI - [Concerning "Health inequalities in Barcelona"]. PMID- 3147967 TI - Omissions in nursing research: another look. AB - Nursing research findings, even when relevant to solving a problem, are useless if not implemented. Who's to blame? And how can the value of such research be used to the fullest? In a previous article (INR, March-April 1984), Professor Bergman pointed the accusing finger at some of the nondoings and omissions in nursing research, which included inadequate communications between the researcher and practitioner, nurses' lack of motivation to study the findings or even to research themselves when possessing the skills. Below, she takes an expanded view of these omissions and poses some provocative questions for both researchers and practitioners. PMID- 3147969 TI - Bacteriological status of notified tuberculosis cases in the Republic of Ireland 1982-85. PMID- 3147970 TI - Rapid sequence of events in gallstone formation in man. AB - A prospective analysis was carried out on 19 adult patients who had undergone total gastrectomy for gastric cancer with truncular vagotomy and postoperative TPN, to evaluate the gallstone formation sequence in man. The patients underwent gallbladder ultrasonography before surgery, then at least once a day during the period of postoperative fasting and TPN (about 15 days) and during the first days after oral refeeding. No patients showed cholelithiasis or biliary sludge at preoperative ultrasonography; none showed cholesterol crystals at preoperative duodenal drainage. 10 of the 19 patients were sludge-positive during the first two weeks of TPN (2 after 3 days, 7 at day seven, 9 at day nine). 6 patients who were initially sludge-positive developed microlithiasis: 1 after 7 days, 2 during TPN and 3 after oral refeeding. These results lead the authors to suggest that human lithogenesis in particular conditions may be faster than that observed so far in animal models, and that the very rapid events in gallstone formation observed in this study concern the formation of pigment stones. PMID- 3147968 TI - Differential sensitivity of pancreatic and colon cancer to cyclosporine and alpha difluoromethylornithine in vivo. AB - We have previously reported that the in vitro growth of MC-26 mouse colon cancer and H2T hamster pancreatic cancer cells are inhibited by cyclosporine (CsA) and alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). The present study was designed to investigate the effects of these two drugs on the two experimental tumors (MC-26 and H2T) growing in vivo. Forty-eight male Balb/c mice or Syrian golden hamsters were inoculated with MC-26 (250,000) or H2T (500,000) cells, respectively, and then were randomized into four groups of 12 each: group I was control; group II received CsA; group III received DFMO; group IV received a combination of CsA and DFMO. MC-26 tumors were significantly more sensitive than H2T tumors to the effects of CsA and DFMO. MC-26 tumor growth and tumor weight, as well as the tumor content of DNA, RNA, and protein were all significantly more reduced by CsA and DFMO than were the H2T tumors. Our present study shows that both CsA and DFMO are potent inhibitors of MC-26 colon carcinoma growth in vivo, though DFMO is more than twice as effective as CsA. DFMO also produced greater reductions in the tumor content of DNA, RNA, and protein than did CsA. DFMO significantly decreased the concentrations of polyamines in both H2T and MC-26 tumors; the MC-26 tumors were affected to a greater degree. PMID- 3147972 TI - Precatory prediction and mindless mimicry: the case of Mary O'Connor. PMID- 3147973 TI - Food, fluids, and physicians' obligations. PMID- 3147971 TI - Prevention of pulmonary complications by 6-methylprednisolone in major abdominal surgery. AB - Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) was compared in a randomized, double blind study to placebo in the prevention of respiratory complications in patients submitted to abdominal (vascular, pancreatic or hepatic) surgery. Two out of 42 (4.8%) patients treated with MPSS and 9 patients out of 40 (22.5%) who received placebo experienced a pulmonary complication (p less than 0.05) The results indicate that methylprednisolone could prevent the onset of respiratory complications in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. PMID- 3147974 TI - A profile of preacquisition proprietary hospitals. AB - A study was conducted to compare the financial, hospital, and market characteristics of proprietary hospitals prior to their acquisition by investor owned hospital chains to free-standing proprietary hospitals and not-for-profit preacquisition hospitals. PMID- 3147975 TI - Genetics of inbred Drosophila melanogaster. XIX. Stimulation of alterations in R elements. PMID- 3147976 TI - Genetics of inbred Drosophila melanogaster. XX. Establishing qualitative alterations in R-elements. PMID- 3147977 TI - Genetic analysis of larval competition in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A chromosome assay was employed to determine the genetic basis of the competitive ability of the larvae of Drosophila melanogaster when competing for a controlled amount of food. The effects of increasing stress due to intra- and inter genotypic competition were analysed using a yield-density regression analysis producing estimates of the absolute performance at a standard reference density (e-values), the magnitude of intra-genotypic competition and the inter-genotypic competitive effect of one genotype on another. A distinction was made between the Sensitivity and the Pressure components of inter-genotypic competition. The probability of survival and mean adult weight were used as measures of competitive success. The genetic analysis revealed high levels of heterosis for the e-values and inter-genotypic pressure, with correspondingly high inter chromosomal interactions. Inter-genotypic sensitivity was less consistently heterotic and less epistatic. All dominance was directed towards a competitively superior genotype and both major autosomes were involved in the determination of competitive ability with the greater effect residing on the third chromosome. There was evidence of early non-competitive larval mortality in one of the two sets of substitution lines investigated and the effect of this on the estimation of the genetic parameters is discussed. PMID- 3147978 TI - Competitive interactions in Drosophila melanogaster: genetic variation for interference through media conditioning. AB - Interference, which is one of two aspects of the process of competition which take place in genetically heterogeneous mixtures has been studied in the Texas population of Drosophila melanogaster. Both survival and mean adult weight were investigated in the population itself (which displays high levels of aggression and little response) and in LA, a genotype derived from the population (which displays low aggression and high levels of response) in both homotypically and heterotypically conditioned media. The results presented here show that the competitive effects of conditioning depend not only on the concentration of the conditioned medium but also on the genotype of the larvae which conditioned the medium and that of the flies which respond to such media. It was also concluded that medium conditioning is one of a range of biological parameters involved in the determination of the aggression and response components of the competitive interaction among Drosophila larvae. Thus the competitive fitness of a genotype of D. melanogaster is related not only to genetic variation for aggression and response but also to genetic variation in the ability to condition media and the sensitivity to such media. PMID- 3147979 TI - Ontogenetic development of the guinea pig uterine innervation. An immunohistochemical study of different neuronal markers, neuropeptides and S-100 protein. AB - The ontogenetic development of the guinea pig uterine autonomic innervation was studied immunohistochemically using neurofibrillary protein (NF) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) as general neuronal markers, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) as specific markers for adrenergic innervation and S-100 protein as marker for Schwann cell structure and/or function. In addition, comparisons were made of the development of the different populations of peptide-containing nerves. The structure and time of appearance were similar for nerves with NF-, NSE-, TH- and DBH-immunoreactivities, which were first present in the organ periphery as coarse nerve trunks, then extending centrally and branching into non-varicose nerves. From these, varicose nerves developed first in relation to vessels and then in association with the myometrial smooth musculature. Development was completed earlier in the cervix than in the uterine horns suggesting differences in local environment. In comparison, S-100 nerve immunoreactivity appeared later but attained complete development more rapidly than axonal structures. Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerves showed a similar developmental pattern to presumed adrenergic nerves, further verifying the assumption of intraneuronal localization of NPY in uterine adrenergic nerves. Other peptide-containing nerves were developed later probably reflecting differences in neuronal growth properties. PMID- 3147980 TI - Distribution and changes of glycoconjugates in rat colonic mucosa during development. A histochemical study using lectins. AB - A study was made of the modifications of glycoconjugates in rat colonic mucosa during development. Sections of the caecum, and proximal and distal portions of the colon from Sprague Dawley rats at different stages of development (embryos, fetuses, suckling, weaning and adult rats) were examined. The sections were incubated with a battery of eight fluoresceinated lectins: DBA, SBA, WGA, LFA, PNA, GS-I, UEA-I and Con A. Some sections were treated with neuraminidase, and others were submitted to sequential saponification-neuraminidase treatment prior to incubation with the lectin (WGA, PNA or LFA). The intensity of the fluorescence was evaluated and graded from absent (-) to very positive (4+). Gradual and progressive changes were seen in colonic glycoconjugates during development. These changes revealed a unique developmental pattern for each lectin, which was independent for each cellular compartment (goblet cells, luminal surface and supranuclear region). Local and regional differences, observed between the different colonic sections, were already present from early stages of development. Moreover, our study showed that for several glycoconjugates, the differentiation process in colonic mucosa began in the distal region and continued through to the proximal region, the former being the first to reach the adult pattern. In the caecum, some lectins maintained a fetal pattern throughout all the periods of development up to the adult stage. PMID- 3147982 TI - Ovarian function and hormone secretion of gilts actively immunized against androstenedione. AB - Fifty crossbred gilts immunized against bovine serum albumin (BSA) or androstenedione conjugated to BSA (AD) were used in three experiments. Primary immunizations were given at 120 d of age and boosters at 148 and 176 d. Gilts were moved to pens containing four to five animals each and exposed to boars beginning at 180 d of age. Immunization against AD did not affect age at puberty, percentage of gilts exhibiting estrus or duration of first estrous cycle. Over the three experiments, ovulation rate was 24% greater for AD-immunized gilts than for controls, and the number of corpora lutea was related positively (r = .82) to the log of the antibody titer. Number of ovulations decreased as interval from booster immunization to onset of estrus increased. During diestrus of the first estrous cycle, gilts immunized against AD had more follicles 5 to 10 mm in diameter, more total ovarian follicles and more total ovarian structures (corpora lutea plus follicles) than controls. Immunization against AD increased the frequency of LH pulses on d 16 but not on d 17 or 18, of the estrous cycle. However, average serum concentrations of LH, FSH and estradiol from 5 d before until 2 d after expected estrus were not different between treatment groups. Concentrations of AD in follicles 4 to 6 and greater than 7 mm in diameter were greater in gilts immunized against AD. Mean serum progesterone was higher on d 9 and 12 after mating in AD immunized gilts than in controls. Immunization against AD had no effect on maintenance of pregnancy or embryo survival rate. PMID- 3147981 TI - Comparison of signals delivered through CD3 and CD2 for T-cell activation: the role of calcium influx and interleukin 1. AB - In the absence of monocytes, resting T lymphocytes extensively purified from human peripheral blood failed to proliferate when stimulated with a mixture of calcium ionophore, which elevates intracellular calcium levels, and TPA, which activated protein kinase C. A third signal, i.e., the triggering via CD3 or CD2 molecules, was necessary in order to observe proliferation. These highly purified T cells required the presence of monocytes in both CD3 and CD2 systems for their proliferation. Exogenous interleukin 1 clearly substituted for monocytes in CD2- but not in CD3- triggered T-cell proliferation. In contrast, the effect of CD2 and CD3 antibodies on Ca++ influx was apparently not dependent on the presence of monocytes. In the presence or absence of the monocytes, CD3, as well as certain combinations of CD2 monoclonal antibodies including the D66 monoclonal antibody, were able to increase the intracellular calcium concentration as measured by Quin 2 fluorescence. EGTA, a Ca++ chelator, completely inhibited CD2- and CD3- mediated T-cell proliferation, indicating that calcium uptake is necessary during the T-cell proliferation. The addition of TPA abrogated the inhibitory effect of EGTA and completely restored the response of the T cells stimulated by CD3, but not by CD2, monoclonal antibodies. In the CD2 pathway, EGTA-inhibited proliferation of T cells could be completely restored by addition of exogenous interleukin 2 as well as exogenous recombinant interleukin 1. Our results indicate that EGTA inhibits the production of interleukin 1 but has no direct effect on either interleukin 2 production or on Tac antigen expression. In this system, recombinant interleukin 1 alpha demonstrated a more potent ability for restoring the T-cell response than did recombinant interleukin 1 beta. These results suggest that interleukin 1 could act as a potent costimulatory factor in the non-antigen-specific T-cell activation. PMID- 3147983 TI - Effects of sewage treatment on the removal of Listeria monocytogenes. AB - Two sewage treatment plants in Baghdad, Iraq, were investigated to assess the effects of the different treatment stages on the removal of Listeria monocytogenes. The bacteria were severely affected after the activation and digestion stages at both plants. A dramatic decrease in numbers of listerias after each of these two stages was noticed during the cold months (September January). The organisms were able to survive these treatments and were present in the final effluent and even in low numbers in the sewage sludge cake. Sufficient dewatering of sewage sludge is recommended to obtain sewage free of listerias. Improvements in the isolation procedure of L. monocytogenes from such heavily contaminated material is also discussed. PMID- 3147984 TI - Membrane association of the hyaluronate stimulatory factor from LX-1 human lung carcinoma cells. AB - LX-1 human lung carcinoma cells interact with human fibroblasts in culture to cause an increase in hyaluronate production (Knudson et al: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 81:6767, 1984). It is shown here that a similar increase in hyaluronate production also occurs when membranes derived from LX-1 cells, or detergent extracts thereof, are added to cultures of the human fibroblasts. However, no stimulation occurs when membranes or extracts from fibroblasts are added to cultures of the LX-1 cells. The hyaluronate stimulatory factor present in the detergent extracts is a heat- and trypsin-sensitive protein, requires more than 12 h for its action on fibroblasts, causes an elevation in hyaluronate synthetase activity in membranes derived from the fibroblasts, and can be reconstituted into artificial lipid vesicles. Thus, it is concluded that the stimulatory factor is a membrane-bound protein present on the surface of the LX-1 cells and that it interacts with fibroblasts to induce increased hyaluronate synthesis. PMID- 3147985 TI - Distinct mechanisms of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha action in oncogene-transformed mouse fibroblasts. AB - The potential mechanisms of interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha action on tumor cells have been investigated in a model of mouse fibroblasts transformed by distinct retroviral vectors carrying the v-mos, c-myc, and v-Ha-ras oncogene, respectively. Treatment with both cytokines not only caused growth inhibition of v-mos- and c-myc-transformants, but also a reversion of transformation-induced suppression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen expression in all transformed cell lines. The phenotypical reversion of transformants was preceded by a selective modulation of LTR controlled oncogene expression. TNF-alpha primarily affected stability of oncogene-specific RNAs without influencing the activity of retroviral promoters. In contrast, IFN-gamma was effective at the transcriptional level, apparently due to inhibition of LTR activity as revealed from reduced CAT activity in IFN-gamma treated LTR-CAT transformants. This IFN-gamma-mediated down-regulation of retroviral promoter activity seemed to be selective for Moloney-virus-derived promoters, since the activity of other viral and cellular promoters was not suppressed by IFN-gamma. PMID- 3147986 TI - The peptide toxin of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7941. Isolation and analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance and fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy. AB - Toxin was obtained from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7941 by extracting freeze-dried cells with water-saturated, acidified n-butanol, diethyl ether-water distribution, reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography and silica high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two toxic peptide fractions resulted from HPLC. One of these fractions was analyzed by UV and NMR spectroscopy, amino acid analysis and fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy. The following amino acid analysis and fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy. The following amino acids were identified: beta-methyl-Asp, Thr, Glu, Ala, Val, Leu, Phe, Arg, N-methyldehydro-Ala and 3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10 phenyldeca-4,6-dienoic acid. Yet the mass spectroscopic data showed that the fraction was still composed of several, most likely cyclic peptides that did not stain with ninhydrin. PMID- 3147987 TI - Hormonal monitoring for in-vitro fertilization and related procedures. AB - Details of the endocrine monitoring of patients during in-vitro fertilization are analysed. Hormones usually measured are 17 beta-oestradiol, FSH, LH, progesterone and HCG. The assays must be rapid, robust, and have satisfactory precision and reproducibility. Radioimmunoassays have become standardized but immunoradiometric assays are being introduced, where the antibodies can be more easily labelled than antigens, but need care with very high concentrations of antigen. Enzyme immunoassays also have advantages: they are less hazardous than radioimmunoassays and the labelled materials have longer shelf-lives. Chemiluminescence has also been introduced, together with time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays, representing simpler, perhaps cheaper and improved methods. Immunoassays by latex particle counting offer the advantage of being completely automated. Practical examples of these methods are given with details of the treatment of individual patients. PMID- 3147988 TI - Ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization: clomiphene and HMG. AB - Details of the problems and successes obtained after various forms of hormonal stimulation in an IVF programme are presented. The endocrine conditions normally existing in the natural menstrual cycle are discussed first, followed by analyses of the types of responses to clomiphene, clomiphene and HMG, HMG alone and LHRH agonists. Clomiphene produces fewer embryos than other treatments but gives a good control of follicle growth and ovulation. Clomiphene and HMG increases the number of available oocytes, and this raises the chance of pregnancy, but there is a greater heterogeneity in the follicular population. HMG alone is suitable for most conditions except for those with PCO syndrome and gives an average of six oocytes per treatment cycle. The problems associated with premature rises in levels of LH are overcome by using LHRH agonists with HMG, and this results in satisfactory numbers of oocytes but requires endocrine support in the luteal phase. The need for luteal phase support after various therapies remains unclear, and a calculation of the ratios between various steroids may help to clarify the need for it. PMID- 3147990 TI - Addition of Buserelin to human menopausal gonadotrophins in patients with failed stimulations for IVF or GIFT. AB - The combined therapy of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) D Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LHRH (Buserelin) and human menopausal gonadotrophins (HMG) for ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization and gamete intra-Fallopian transfer was evaluated during 84 cycles. All women selected for this therapy had previously failed stimulations with clomiphene citrate/HMG. The GnRHa prevented spontaneous luteinizing hormone surges and premature luteinization in all patients. After addition of the agonist to HMG, the cancellation rate dropped from 17 to 7% and improved the results in 72.6% of the cycles. Twenty-six per cent of the started cycles resulted in a pregnancy. Eighteen healthy children were born at term. PMID- 3147989 TI - Ovarian stimulation using pure FSH in an in-vitro fertilization programme. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of stimulating ovarian follicular development by pure urinary FSH in an IVF programme was determined and compared with results of other therapeutic regimens. Forty-three patients selected for extracorporeal fertilization were treated with pure FSH after stimulation with clomiphene or HMG had proved to be unsuccessful. Treatment had to be discontinued in five patients before follicular puncture, and embryo transfer was performed in 32, of whom seven conceived. FSH stimulation evidently creates favourable conditions for in vitro fertilization in patients with impaired follicular maturation following conventional stimulation with clomiphene or HMG. Levels of oestradiol, progesterone and androstenedione were measured in follicular fluid, and high progesterone concentrations were correlated with mature oocytes. The increased ratios of progesterone/androstenedione and progesterone/oestradiol in follicles containing mature oocytes are due to the onset of luteinization of mature follicles as a consequence of HCG administration. PMID- 3147992 TI - Selective medium for Branhamella catarrhalis with acetazolamide as a specific inhibitor of Neisseria spp. AB - Several semiselective media for Branhamella catarrhalis have been proposed. These media allow growth of all members of the family Neisseriaceae, and further differentiation is necessary. By addition of 10 micrograms of acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, per ml and incubation in air, a medium was created which reduced growth of Neisseria spp. When saliva samples from 178 healthy schoolchildren were screened for the presence of B. catarrhalis, the carrier rate for this organism was estimated to be 48.9% with the selective medium compared with 12.4% when a semiselective medium, which contains only 10 micrograms of vancomycin, 5 micrograms of trimethoprim, and 2 micrograms of amphotericin B per ml, was used and 6.2% when a nonselective blood agar plate was used. The number of Neisseria spp. isolated dropped from 297 on the semiselective agar to 55 on the selective agar. PMID- 3147991 TI - Ovarian stimulation of IVF patients: effects of the reversible hypogonadotrophic state induced by GnRH agonist. AB - Multiple ovulation was induced in 122 hypogonadotrophic IVF patients with large doses of HMG. The hypogonadotrophic state, short and reversible, was obtained by nasal administration of a GnRH agonist (200 micrograms, five times per day). In the 97 induced cycles, a mean of 9.1 follicles was recorded. A comparison of the results obtained for 36 patients who had already been treated with clomiphene and HMG showed both significantly more follicles per cycle (8.5 versus 3.0) and an increase in oocytes retrieved (6.7 versus 1.3) when treated with the agonist and HMG. In addition 11 of 18 already poorly responsive patients had normal responses. The luteal phase was supported by either HCG or progesterone injection. Plasma progesterone profiles were satisfactory and, as expected, the highest progesterone concentrations were associated with HCG treatment. PMID- 3147993 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with Brucella native hapten polysaccharide and smooth lipopolysaccharide. AB - Brucella melitensis native haptens (NH) are polysaccharides identical to the O side chain of the smooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS) (E. Moreno, H. Mayer, and I. Moriyon, Infect. Immun. 55:2850-2853, 1987) which precipitate with sera from infected cattle but not from strain 19-vaccinated cattle. In the present work, NH was extracted by the hot-water method (R. Diaz, J. Toyos, M.D. Salvo, and M.L. Pardo, Ann. Rech. Vet. 12:35-39, 1981) and purified free of S-LPS and protein. Purified NH lacked the ability to coat polystyrene and sheep erythrocytes. In contrast, NH acylated with stearoyl chloride bound to both polystyrene and erythrocytes. By hemagglutination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), S-LPS and acylated NH gave similar results with blood sera from brucellosis-free, strain 19-vaccinated, and infected cattle. Moreover, a significant correlation between the results of NH ELISA and S-LPS ELISA was demonstrated with milk sera. However, in a competitive ELISA with milk sera, S-LPS in the liquid phase abrogated the binding of antibodies to acylated NH adsorbed to polystyrene, while NH in the liquid phase did not influence the binding of antibodies to polystyrene adsorbed S-LPS. It is hypothesized that the different precipitations of NH and S LPS with sera from infected or strain 19-vaccinated cattle are due to differences in the affinity of the antibodies produced upon vaccination or infection and in the physical state of aggregation of NH and S-LPS in aqueous solutions. PMID- 3147994 TI - Primary nursing: is it worth it? AB - In this paper a small sample of the massive, and largely North American, primary nursing literature is reviewed and three categories of writing identified: (1) descriptive literature, (2) literature of formative evaluation, and (3) literature of summative evaluation. The descriptive literature is examined in an attempt to decide whether primary nursing is worth trying. The literature of formative evaluation is then explored in order to determine whether the process of implementing primary nursing is, in itself, worthwhile. Finally, taking staff satisfaction, patient satisfaction, quality of care and the cost of primary nursing as the foci of evaluation, the literature of summative evaluation is considered to ascertain whether the outcomes of primary nursing merit the investment. The answers to each of these three questions of worth, posed by the three categories of writing, appear to be respectively a definite, a probable and tentative 'yes'. PMID- 3147995 TI - Impact of changes in the insurance industry on nursing education: recent and anticipated changes. PMID- 3147997 TI - The role of albumin in nutritional support. PMID- 3147996 TI - Influence of diagnosis-related groups on discharge planning, professional practice, and patient care. PMID- 3147999 TI - Nutritional support for the elderly. PMID- 3148000 TI - Exuberant bony proliferation following foot surgery. AB - The authors present a case of exuberant bony proliferation following elective foot surgery. Differential diagnoses of osteomyelitis, periosteitis, and heterotopic bone formation are discussed. The authors attribute the postsurgical changes to heterotopic bone formation and give radiographic and histologic evidence to support their conclusion. PMID- 3147998 TI - The role of albumin in nutritional support. AB - Hypoalbuminemia is considered one of the hallmarks of protein-calorie malnutrition and chronic liver disease. Recently, serum albumin has also been proposed as a critical predictor of the response to nutritional support and tolerance to enteral feeding in critically ill patients. Albumin is essential for maintenance of plasma colloidal osmotic pressure, prevention of edema, and transport of certain drugs and nutrients. Experimental studies have shown that rapid plasma expansion and reduced plasma protein concentration and osmotic pressure induce a net secretion of sodium and water into the small intestinal lumen. However, the effects of chronic hypoalbuminemia per se on intestinal absorption, independent of malnutrition, have not been fully studied. It is documented that both chronic illness and malnutrition may profoundly affect intestinal anatomical structure and function, inducing some degree of malabsorption. In the last few years, some have advocated albumin infusion to improve clinical response to patients with hypoalbuminemia receiving parenteral nutritional support or to reduce intestinal intolerance and diarrhea in patients receiving enteral tube feeding. A review of the literature shows that both clinical and experimental data to support these suggestions are scarce and further investigations are needed. Hypoalbuminemia is one of many parameters of malnutrition, and it is unlikely that correction of a single parameter for a short time would lead to major clinical benefits. PMID- 3148002 TI - [Recklinghausen's disease and vascular complications during pregnancy]. AB - Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis is an illness that quite often has visceral and neurological side-effects (the former in turn as its side-effects on the blood vessels). Although the patients' fertility is maintained the numbers of spontaneous abortions, of premature births and of perinatal mortality are raised. In fact one of the principal effects of this disease on pregnancy is on the blood vessels, giving rise to hypertension and to a drop in the circulation through the placenta, which in turn has well-known consequences. These are: intra-uterine growth retardation, chronic fetal distress and premature labour. As far as vascular aneurysms are concerned, they constitute an indication for termination of pregnancy. We here give a case history of the condition drawing attention yet once more to the need for a multidisciplinary care of the pregnancy in women who have neurofibromatosis. PMID- 3148001 TI - Different GH responsiveness to repeated GHRH administration in normal children and adults. AB - It has been previously reported that repeated GHRH administration leads to a reduction in growth hormone responses in adults. In order to verify if this regulatory mechanism is also operating in children, we compared GH secretory responses to repeated GHRH in normal children and adults. The administration of the first GHRH bolus caused a marked GH rise (expressed as net incremental area under the curve, nAUC +/- SE) both in children (GH nAUC: 1184 +/- 216 ng/ml/h) and in adults (GH nAUC: 701.2 +/- 90 ng/ml/h). The second GHRH bolus induced a different pattern of GH secretion in the two groups. In children the peptide determined a clear GH rise (GH nAUC: 518 +/- 147 ng/ml/h), while in adults the second GHRH injection was uneffective (GH nAUC: 21 +/- 20 ng/ml/h). These preliminary results indicate that in children repeated GHRH administration does not induce refractoriness to GHRH action, suggesting different regulatory mechanism of GH secretion in normal children and adults. PMID- 3148003 TI - [Conservative treatment of grade 3 intra-epithelial cervical neoplasms. Comparative study of CO2 laser vaporization, laser conization and cold scalpel conization]. AB - Carbon dioxide laser was used in 79% of the 141 conservative treatments carried out for grade 3 cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN III) between the years 1982 and 1986 (41% vaporized and 38% coned out by using the laser as against 21% that were treated by scalpel conisation. The mean age of the women treated in this way by the laser was low (28.5 years of age and 32.5 years as against 38.1). Their parity was also low (0.8 and 1.2 as against 2.2). The lesions were very often spread out on the ectocervix and sometimes going into the vagina (26 and 9% as against 26%) or associated with koilocytosis (65.5 and 47.2% as against 41.3%). In one out of two cases vaporisation of the lesion is contra-indicated and the three diagnostic methods that are used (an ecto and endocervical smear, colposcopy and multiple directed small biopsies) do not make it certain that there is no underlying invasion of the tissues. Vaporisation and conisation are easily carried out under colposcopic control and are associated with widespread lesions at the squamo-columnar junction. These treatments sometimes have to be repeated; then they give a cure rate of 92-96% as against 96%. They are more reliable than conventional surgery for widespread lesions and they do make it possible to keep to the morphology of the cervix and thus make it possible for the cervix that is treated to behave more physiologically. It is also much easier and more reliable in these cases to carry out follow-up for carcinoma. This follow-up should be carried out on two occasions. The triple diagnostic method should be carried out again at the third month (2 smears, colposcopy and colposcopically directed small biopsies). This makes it possible to diagnose and treat early the cases where there has been failure of the original treatment. Then ecto and endocervical smears should be repeated at 3-monthly intervals, then at 6-monthly intervals and finally annually to screen for recurrences of these neoplastic conditions, and for koilocytosis which sometimes repeat themselves in an extensive manner. PMID- 3148004 TI - [Fertilization in vitro with frozen donor sperm after ovocyte stimulation with an LH-RH analog, HMG, and HCG using a short-term protocol]. AB - Frozen cryoprotected donor sperm can be used for IVF.ET. Short administration of Gn.RH analogue with HMG and HCG (Decapeptyl) are used in 39 cycles. Seven clinical pregnancies were obtained, including one which resulted from the transfer of frozen embryos. One spontaneous abortion occurred after 7 weeks amenorrhea. Pregnancy rates are 17.9% per induction cycle, 24.1% per oocyte recovery and 26.9% per embryo transfer. Cumulative pregnancy rate for one year (3 attempts at donor sperm IVF.ET) is 44.7%, but 69.9% if we consider patients who have previously benefited from 12 to 24 AID cycles. The AID success rate is 66% for the 12 months of the first year, 42.3% in the second year and 24.2% in the third year of treatment. These data make it possible to use donor sperm with IVF.ET if tubal disease is associated with severe male factors and if the women fail to conceive after 12, 18 or 24 AID cycles, depending on their age and the existence of hormonal, cervical, tubal or pelvic associated factors. PMID- 3148005 TI - Serotonin and melatonin synthesis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: stimulation by interferon-gamma as part of an immunomodulatory pathway. AB - Serotonin and melatonin inhibit phytohemagglutinin- (PHA) induced interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production by lymphocytes. In this paper, it is shown that IFN gamma-increased tryptophan uptake by lymphocytes and macrophages led to an enhanced production of serotonin. When IFN-gamma and serotonin were added together to a lymphocyte culture, N-acetyl serotonin and melatonin production was increased, whereas the path to 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid remained unchanged. Therefore, the stimulated IFN-gamma production of serotonin and melatonin by lymphocytes and macrophages and the inhibition of IFN-gamma synthesis by these indoleamines suggest a hypothesis for an immunoregulatory circuit. PMID- 3148006 TI - Elevation of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity and HLA-I associated beta 2 microglobulin in response to recombinant interferon-gamma administration in chronic HBeAg-positive hepatitis. AB - We have analyzed the immunomodulatory effect of 5 and 2 MU of recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) administered to 8 carriers of HBsAg with histologically proven chronic active liver disease. After the rIFN-gamma administration, T8 lymphocyte subsets showed a significant decrease (basal vs. 4 weeks, p less than 0.05) and T4/T8 ratios were higher than the basal values in 6/8 patients. Serum levels of the HLA class I-associated beta 2-microglobulin increased significantly in all patients within the first week of treatment, both with the high (p less than 0.01) and the low (p less than 0.05) rIFN-gamma dose. Then, differences between the two doses reached statistical significance (p less than 0.03). Similar results (p less than 0.05) were obtained by measuring the 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase activity, co-occurring with the decreases in HBV-DNA polymerase and HBV-DNA, although no differences were found between the two doses. In addition, levels of 2-5A synthetase correlated significantly with those of beta 2-microglobulin (r = 0.743, p less than 0.01). On the other hand, after the rIFN-gamma administration, all the patients had liver membrane antibodies (LMA) in their serum (p less than 0.05); only two patients (who were anti-HD positive) showed LMA at the end of the follow-up. rIFN-gamma has both antiviral and immunomodulatory effects in HBeAg carriers with chronic liver disease. PMID- 3148007 TI - Amino acid substitutions which alter the antiviral activity of human interferon alpha 1 on mouse cells. AB - Human interferon-alpha 1 (IFN-alpha 1) is one of only three human (Hu) IFN-alphas having significant antiviral activity on mouse cells. Specific amino acid substitutions in HuIFN-alpha 1 in the region from amino acids 121 to 136 indicate that this region is critical to the determination of mouse and human cell antiviral activities. Bovine cell activities are relatively unaffected by changes in this region. In particular we have identified the arginine residue at position 125 of human IFN-alpha 1 as a major mediator of the molecules antiviral activity on mouse cells. Various substitutions in the carboxy-terminal region of human IFN alpha 1 are also evaluated and discussed in the context of recently published data. PMID- 3148008 TI - [Study on Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a hospital--1. Clinical study]. PMID- 3148009 TI - [Morphological investigation of sensitivity of Campylobacter to mice and its outer membrane]. PMID- 3148010 TI - [The causative agent from a patient with spotted fever group rickettsiosis in Tokushima, Japan]. PMID- 3148011 TI - [Experimental urinary tract infection in mice to evaluate the pathogenicity of Escherichia coli isolated from newborn infants and their mothers]. PMID- 3148012 TI - [Clinical study on female patients with bladder irritability--analysis of bacteriuria, pyuria and subjective symptoms]. PMID- 3148013 TI - [Studies on prophylaxis against anisakiasis--a screening of killing effects of extracts from foods on the larvae]. PMID- 3148014 TI - [Studies on the establishment of a measles antibodies detection method using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)]. PMID- 3148016 TI - [A case of spotted fever with central nervous system involvement]. PMID- 3148015 TI - [Comparative clinical study of CS-807 and cefaclor in chronic respiratory tract infections by a double-blind method]. PMID- 3148017 TI - [The fifth case of Diplogonoporiasis grandis in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan]. PMID- 3148019 TI - [Structure and expression of signal transducing GTP-binding protein genes]. PMID- 3148018 TI - [A case report of chronic lymphocytic leukemia complicated by Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. PMID- 3148020 TI - [Protective effects of juzen-taiho-to on the adverse effects of mitomycin C]. PMID- 3148021 TI - In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET): an established and successful therapy for endometriosis. AB - The purpose of this report is to present a 6-year experience in the management of endometriosis with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET). We divided 136 patients who underwent 280 cycles into three groups: (1) previous history of endometriosis but normal pelvis at the time of oocyte retrieval, (2) stages I-II endometriosis (revised AFS classification), and (3) stages III-IV endometriosis. The stimulation protocols, estradiol (E2) responses, and distribution of terminal E2 patterns were similar in all groups. Group 3 had significantly fewer preovulatory and immature oocytes retrieved and fewer embryos transferred. The fertilization rate and the per cycle/per transfer pregnancy rates were similar in all groups. The miscarriage rate was higher in group 3, and the ongoing pregnancy rate per cycle was lower. Luteal phase E2 and progesterone levels were comparable in all groups. No differences were found when groups 2 and 3 were analyzed for the presence of one or two ovaries or the presence/absence of ovarian endometriosis. The overall fertilization rate, the per cycle/per transfer pregnancy rates, and the miscarriage rate were similar to those of tubal factor patients. We underscore the excellent outcome of patients with minimal or mild endometriosis in IVF/ET. We conclude that patients with moderate or severe endometriosis have a compromised reproductive potential, probably because of a reduced oocyte recovery rate and poor embryo quality. PMID- 3148022 TI - Spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH) surges are associated with more rapidly increasing estradiol (E2) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. AB - In a retrospective analysis of 64 patients stimulated with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and/or pure follicle stimulating hormone (FSH); 35 cycles with spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH) surges were compared with 29 control cycles with respect to serum FSH and estradiol (E2) levels drawn on the day prior to and the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), approximately 16 hr after gonadotropin stimulation. FSH decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) in control cycles where two or more preovulatory oocytes (preovs) were obtained, in contrast to cycles with a spontaneous LH surge, where FSH increased irrespective of the number of preovs. The E2 increase in the LH surge cycles was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than in the control cycles. However, the increase in E2 did not correlate with the change in FSH levels or with the number of preovs. PMID- 3148023 TI - Failed fertilization during an in vitro fertilization cycle after oral ingestion of amantadine hydrochloride. AB - Oocyte fertilization occurred during three in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF/ET) treatment cycles of an infertile couple but failed during an IVF cycle when the husband took amantadine for prophylaxis against viral infection. Semen parameters were similar to those of other cycles attempted by this couple as well as to those of other IVF couples treated concurrently. We circumstantially suggest that amantadine, and potentially other ingestible medications or foods, while not spermicidal, may impair gamete function during IVF/ET. PMID- 3148024 TI - Pregnancies after intrafallopian transfer of embryos. AB - Six patients with a history of infertility of more than 4 years were offered in vitro fertilization (IVF) followed by translaparoscopic embryo transfer to the fallopian tubes. Three of the patients became pregnant. In one patient the oocytes did not fertilize in vitro. Intrafallopian transfer of embryos may be an alternative to gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) or IVF, especially in those cases where confirmation of fertilization is wanted. PMID- 3148027 TI - In response to the economic argument: a commentary. PMID- 3148026 TI - Focal epilepsy and exposure to organic solvents: a case-referent study. AB - Organic solvent exposure was studied in 104 cases of idiopathic focal epilepsy and 312 matched referents. Exposure to solvents was classified as O, I, II, or III on the basis of occupational codes. The relative risk (RR) of epilepsy for those in exposure class I, II, or III, relative to O, was estimated using conditional logistic regression. An increasing trend in RR was observed with higher exposure classes. The attributable risk for cases with focal epilepsy of deep hemispherical origin was estimated to be 8%. PMID- 3148025 TI - Response of axons and glia at the site of anastomosis between the optic nerve and cellular or acellular sciatic nerve grafts. AB - Axonal and glial reactions at the site of optic nerve section and at the junctional zone between optic nerve and normal or acellular peripheral nerve grafts have been studied. Following optic nerve section, no axons grew into the distal optic nerve stump. Similarly, no axons invaded the acellular peripheral nerve grafts, although in both instances fibres did regenerate into the junctional zone and a few remained there at least until 30 days post lesion (dpl, the duration of the experiments). Axons regenerated into normal peripheral nerve grafts by 3-5 dpl and by 10 dpl large numbers had penetrated deeply into the grafts. The glial response to injury appeared similar in both groups of grafted animals. Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes grew out into the junctional zone over the 5-7 day period and invaded the margins of the cellular grafts by 10 dpl. They did not penetrate the acellular nerves or distal optic nerve stumps. We were unable to determine whether Schwann cells invaded the junctional zone from the normal peripheral nerve grafts. Schwann cells are both GFAP+ and Vim+, especially when reacting after injury, and Lam- when not associated with axons: it is therefore possible that Schwann cells from the cellular grafts contributed to the population of GFAP+, Vim+ cells in the junctional zone of the cellular grafts. Anti-laminin immunoreactivity persisted in the basal lamina tubes of both the normal and acellular peripheral nerve grafts. Thus, the failure of axon regeneration into acellular peripheral nerve grafts can be correlated with the absence of Schwann cells and does not appear to be related to the presence of laminin. PMID- 3148028 TI - Care of the neonate with erythroblastosis fetalis. AB - Erythroblastosis fetalis, hemolytic disease of the newborn, occurs when an isoimmunized mother produces antibodies that cross the placenta and cause hemolysis of fetal red blood cells. This hemolysis can be accompanied by severe anemia, ascites, pleural and pericardial effusions, congestive heart failure, and neurological damage with resultant perinatal mortality. Rh isoimmunization in pregnancy still occurs in spite of the advent of Rh immune globulin. This article describes the complex management and nursing implications associated with caring for the neonate with erythroblastosis fetalis. PMID- 3148029 TI - Evaluation of a test kit for determination of serum immunoglobulin G concentration in foals. AB - The accuracy of an immunoglobulin (Ig) G test kit for the semiquantitative measurement of IgG concentration was evaluated with serum from 88 foals. Failure of passive transfer (IgG less than 400 mg/dl) was correctly identified in each of 34 samples, and partial failure of passive transfer (400 less than or equal to IgG less than 800 mg/dl) was correctly identified in each of nine samples. Evidence of adequate passive transfer (IgG greater than or equal to 800 mg/dl) was detected in 44 of 45 samples. One sample with 800 mg/dl or more of IgG was incorrectly classified as a partial failure of passive transfer (Kendall Tau - b = .975). The high degree of accuracy, especially without any errors of overestimation of IgG concentrations, indicated that the IgG test kit should be a useful assay for rapidly determining the passive transfer status of foals. PMID- 3148030 TI - Aplastic anemia in adult onset Still's disease during gold therapy. PMID- 3148032 TI - Identification of monoclonal gammopathies: a comparison of immunofixation, immunoelectrophoresis and measurements of kappa- and lambda-immunoglobulin levels. AB - We study whether immunoelectrophoresis (IE) could be replaced by immunofixation (IF) for the routine diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathies and/or by a quantitative measurement of kappa-resp. lambda-Ig levels in serum. The values of these measurements, together with the level of each Ig class, were used to calculate two ratios. IF, IE and calculation of both ratios were simultaneously applied to 153 serum samples. A monoclonal gammopathy (MGP) was found with all three methods in 51 cases and by none of them in another 51 cases. The first two techniques were positive and the third one negative in 16 cases. In 15 cases, IF showed the presence of a MGP, which was not or incompletely identified with IE, these results being associated with normal (7x) or abnormal ratios (8x). Nineteen cases with normal IF and IE had one or two abnormal ratios. After comparison with clinical data and outcome, we conclude that IF revealed 15 cases of MGP, which were not or only partially shown by IE. IE did not show any case of MGP not detected by IF. One of the ratios appeared as an interesting adjunct to the diagnostic procedure, but insufficient to be used as a single test. The other appeared to be of no diagnostic help. We conclude that immunofixation is the test of choice in the routine diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathies. PMID- 3148031 TI - Interleukin 1 alpha production by peripheral blood monocytes from patients with chronic liver disease and effect of sera on interleukin 1 alpha production. AB - We investigated the role of interleukin 1 alpha (IL 1 alpha) in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. IL 1 alpha production by peripheral blood monocytes was measured with a specific, sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay. When monocytes were cultured for two days with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), IL 1 alpha production in asymptomatic hepatitis B virus carrier (ASC) and patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) was equivalent to that of controls (168 +/- 31 U/ml, mena +/- SD), while IL 1 alpha levels generated by monocytes from liver cirrhosis (LC) (117 +/- 45 U/ml, p less than 0.01) were significantly lower than controls. When normal monocytes were cultured together with LPS and IFN gamma, mena IL 1 alpha production was 297 +/- 56 U/ml. IL 1 alpha production in ASC did not differ from controls. On the other hand, IL 1 alpha production in patients with CAH (241 +/- 58 U/ml, p less than 0.05) and LC (189 +/- 70 U/ml, p less than 0.01) were significantly diminished in comparison with controls although there was considerable overlap. Serial study demonstrated that IL 1 alpha production rose significantly during acute deterioration of illness with marked rise in serum alanine aminotransferase. The addition of sera to normal monocytes cultures resulted in significantly enhanced suppression (p less than 0.05) for IL 1 alpha production in comparison with that of control sera. These findings indicate that decreased monocyte function and serum inhibitor(s) for IL 1 alpha production could contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. PMID- 3148033 TI - Chimpanzee model for hepatitis non-A, non-B related hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID- 3148034 TI - Non-A, non-B hepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma in a chimpanzee. AB - Epidemiology has indicated the possible association of non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in man, but there are no means for confirmation. Chimpanzees are recognized models for studying hepatitis B and NANBH, and may become carriers of both. The first case of HCC to be reported in chimpanzees was found after longitudinal study of a hepatitis B-free chimpanzee 7 years after inoculation with human plasma from a patient reported to have chronic NANBH. PMID- 3148035 TI - In vitro study of lithium carbonate adsorption by activated charcoal. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) is effectively adsorbed by activated charcoal (AC). Either 0 (control), 1.5, 3.0 or 9.0 grams of AC were added to Li2CO3 (300 mg) in distilled deionized water or simulated gastric fluid USP, filtered and and the filtrate analyzed for lithium by flame photometry. Adsorption of lithium was dependent on AC concentration and pH. In water, lithium was 14.7%, 26.5% and 40.4% adsorbed at AC:Li2CO3 ratios of 5:1, 10:1 and 30:1, respectively (p less than 0.05). In simulated gastric fluid, there was no significant adsorption at any of the AC concentrations studied. Since simulated gastric fluid more closely resembles in vivo conditions, the efficacy of AC in lithium carbonate overdoses is questionable but in vivo studies are needed to confirm these findings. PMID- 3148036 TI - Effects of L-carnitine supplemented total parenteral nutrition on lipid and energy metabolism in postoperative stress. AB - During episodes of trauma carnitine-free total parenteral nutrition (TPN) may result in a reduction of the total body carnitine pool, leading to a diminished rate of fat oxidation. Sixteen patients undergoing esophagectomy were divided randomly in two equal isonitrogenous groups (0.2 g/kg.day). Both received TPN (35 kcal/kg.day; equally provided as long-chain triglycerides and glucose) over 11 days without (group A) and with (group B) L-carnitine supplementation (12 mg/kg.day = 75 mumol/kg.day). Compared with healthy controls, the total body carnitine pool prior to the operation was significantly reduced in both groups, suggesting a state of semistarvation and muscle wasting. In group A the plasma levels of total carnitine and its subfractions (free carnitine, short- and long chain acylcarnitine) remained stable during the study whereas in group B the total plasma carnitine concentration rose mainly due to an increase in free carnitine. In group A the cumulative urinary carnitine losses were 11.5 +/- 2.6 mmol (= 15.5 +/- 3.1% of the estimated total body carnitine pool). In group B 3.1 +/- 1.9 mmol (= 11.1 +/- 7.6%) of the infused carnitine was retained in the immediate postoperative phase until day 6, but this amount was completely lost at completion of the study period. No significant differences in the respiratory quotient or in the plasma levels of triglycerides, free fatty acids, and ketone bodies were observed, between or within the groups, before the operation and after 11 days of treatment. It is concluded that the usefulness of carnitine supplementation during postoperative TPN was not apparent in the present patient material. PMID- 3148037 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in germfree colostrum-deprived neonatal miniature piglets: a unique model to study the ontogeny of the immune system. AB - In order to investigate the regulatory role of the immune system on gastrointestinal macromolecular permeability in neonates, and ontogeny of the neonatal immune system, we have developed a total parenteral nutrition (TPN) program capable of maintaining immunologically "virgin" germfree (GF) neonatal piglets. GF colostrum-deprived piglets obtained by aseptic hysterectomy 3-5 days prior to term were denied any oral feeding and maintained on central venous hyperalimentation in the GF isolators. GF piglets were anesthetized and 20-gauge silicone tubing was inserted into the external jugular vein and advanced to the level of right auricle of the heart. The distal end of the cannula was subcutaneously tunneled out between the shoulders and attached to a light jacket, tether, and swivel assembly that allowed the piglet to move freely inside the cage in a germfree unit. The TPN formula provided 60 Cal/kg/day for the first day and gradually increased up to 165 Cal/kg/day for day-7 and older piglets. The GF piglets were maintained on the TPN formula for 21 days and weight gain of the GF TPN piglets averaged 23 g/day. The hematologic and serum biochemical parameters of GF-TPN piglets were within the normal range of gnotobiotic animals of their age group. The serum levels of total protein and albumin in the GF-TPN piglets were significantly less than those of colostrum-fed piglets, who absorbed a large quantity of the colostral macromolecules through their gastrointestinal tract into the blood stream.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3148038 TI - Effect of different energy sources on hepatic triglyceride secretion during parenteral nutrition. AB - This study examines the effect of parenteral nutrition on hepatic triglyceride secretion in postoperative patients. Five patients received fluids and electrolytes only (D/S), 10 received a 2000-kcal total parenteral nutrition (TPN) formula with 25% of the nonprotein energy from lipid (LIPID-TPN), and 11 received a similar regimen with all of this energy from dextrose (CHO-TPN). After 7 days an intravenous bolus of 3H-glycerol was given and hepatic triglyceride secretion measured from the decay curve of plasma radiolabeled triglyceride content. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were similar in each group. Hepatic triglyceride secretion was 16.3 mg/kg/hr after D/S, 10.7 mg/kg/hr after LIPID-TPN, and 12.2 mg/kg/hr after CHO-TPN (NS). There was no correlation between the rate of hepatic secretion and dextrose intake. Both TPN regimens resulted in significant reductions in plasma concentrations of apoproteins A1 and B but this did not appear to be related to triglyceride secretion rates. Despite the similar rates of hepatic secretion the quantity of labeled glycerol secreted in triglyceride was significantly greater after CHO-TPN (17629 dpm/24 hr) than either D/S (10560 dpm/24 hr) or LIPID-TPN (7264 dpm/24 hr, p less than 0.05), indicating that recycling of exogenous lipid may have occurred after LIPID-TPN. This study indicates that hepatic triglyceride secretion is not suppressed by TPN, irrespective of the energy source, but suggests that the rate of secretion may have an upper limit. PMID- 3148039 TI - Improvement of nutritional measures during preoperative parenteral nutrition in patients selected by the prognostic nutritional index: a randomized controlled trial. AB - Patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery who had a prognostic nutritional index (PNI) score of greater than 30% were randomized to receive a preoperative course of 10 days of intravenous nutrition or to undergo surgery at the next convenient operation list. Two groups of 17 patients were well matched for age, sex, and nutritional status. Although they underwent diverse operations, the extent of these was similar: 12 +/- 3 days of parenteral nutrition resulted in weight gain, 3.2 +/- 2.3 kg p less than 0.01; increased triceps skinfold, 0.6 +/- 1.2 mm p less than 0.05; improved immunological state, p less than 0.02; and improved PNI, 5.5 +/- 10.1% p less than 0.05. The changes in serum albumin and transferrin were not significant. There were only three major complications with one death in the treatment group but this was not significantly different from the control group which had six major complications and three deaths. This study suggests that patients with demonstrable nutritional depletion who require major gastrointestinal surgery will benefit from a preoperative course of parenteral nutrition, but to conclusively prove this a large and probably multicentre study will be required. PMID- 3148040 TI - Use of fibronectin and somatomedin-C as markers of enteral nutrition support in traumatized patients using a modified amino acid formula. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of serum fibronectin and serum somatomedin-C as nutritional markers during enteral nutrition support (ENS) of critically ill, traumatized patients using an enteral product containing high concentrations of branched-chain amino acids. Twelve critically injured patients received a standard enteral formula with 30 g of a 44% branched-chain amino acid supplement added to each liter of formula. Fibronectin concentration, somatomedin C concentration, and nitrogen balance were measured on study days 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 or until adequate oral intake began. Both fibronectin and somatomedin-C concentrations increased significantly from baseline by day 7 of ENS. Nitrogen balance increased significantly from baseline by day 4. On days 14 and 21, only somatomedin-C and nitrogen balance increased significantly from baseline. Nitrogen balance was significantly correlated with somatomedin-C concentration (r = 0.53, p less than 0.01), cumulative caloric intake (r = 0.68, p less than 0.01), and cumulative nitrogen intake (r = 0.72, p less than 0.01). The results of this study suggest that serum somatomedin-C is useful and serum fibronectin has potential in monitoring nutrition support response in critically ill, traumatized patients. PMID- 3148041 TI - Maintenance of visceral protein levels in serum during postoperative parenteral nutrition. AB - Nitrogen metabolism and plasma insulin level were studied postoperatively in 14 patients (six males and eight females) with a disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract and therefore operated on electively. The patients received one of the two isocaloric parenteral nutrition regimens postoperatively: one, on the average, with 1.2 g of amino acids/kg/day and the other with 3.1 g of amino acids/kg/day. During postoperative intravenous alimentation rich in amino acids the cumulative nitrogen balance over 3 days was +13.1 (interval from -1.3 to +21.4) gN but -10.1 (interval from -12.1 to -2.4) gN during parenteral nutrition with a smaller amount of amino acids. The difference was significant (p less than 0.001). During parenteral nutrition rich in amino acids the changes of the serum albumin level, ie, -0.4 (SEM 1.1) g/liter, and of the serum transferrin level, ie; -0.16 (SEM 0.22) g/liter, were statistically insignificant (p greater than 0.05). During intravenous alimentation poor in amino acids serum albumin decreased by 3.8 (SEM 1.2) g/liter (p less than 0.01) and serum transferrin by 0.44 (SEM 0.05) g/liter (p less than 0.001). The differences of the changes between the groups were significant (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.01, respectively). These various effects of the two parenteral nutrition regimens were not dependent on the different fluid balances during intravenous alimentation or on the different plasma insulin levels. It is concluded that a rich supply of amino acids--more than 1.2 g/kg/day--in postoperative parenteral nutrition better maintains the visceral protein levels in the serum, which possibly depends on the greater protein production in the liver. PMID- 3148043 TI - Serum cobalamins and cobalamin-binding proteins during total parenteral nutrition. AB - Levels of serum cobalamin and both saturated and unsaturated serum cobalamin binding proteins (transcobalamin II and R-binders) were determined prospectively in 43 patients before and after 2 weeks of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Nine patients showed subnormal serum levels of cobalamin but none of them had clinical signs of cobalamin deficiency. Serum cobalamin levels significantly declined after 2 weeks of TPN as did both saturated and unsaturated R-binder levels whereas transcobalamin II levels remained constant. Since cobalamin in serum is entirely bound to proteins, of which R-binders comprise 80-90%, the changes in R binder levels will markedly influence serum cobalamin levels, in fact they adequately explain the short time fluctuations of serum cobalamin levels observed. It is argued that the changes in serum cobalamin levels may reflect a changed distribution of cobalamins over the various body compartments rather than decreased or increased body stores. Moreover, only cobalamin bound to transcobalamin II is delivered to the tissues. Therefore, serum cobalamin levels alone may inadequately reflect cobalamin availability in patients receiving TPN. PMID- 3148042 TI - Hyperbilirubinemia in neonates associated with total parenteral nutrition. AB - To identify the factors responsible for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) associated jaundice in the neonate, 77 newborns who had been started on TPN during the past 12 years had their charts reviewed. Forty-four (57%) of these infants developed jaundice during the 1st month of life. The incidence of jaundice was significantly higher in the presence of those diseases which were associated with impaired intestinal passage such as congenital duodenal atresia, jejunal atresia, etc, and those with an abnormal rotation of the gut such as diaphragmatic hernia, gastroschisis, etc. Thirty-two (42%) of these 77 infants had accompanying infectious signs, and 28 (88%) of those 32 infants with infectious signs developed jaundice. This incidence was significantly higher than that (36%) among those who had no infectious signs. Of the possible etiologic factors other than infection, neither the length of intrauterine life nor birth weight showed significant correlation with the incidence of jaundice. The incidence of jaundice tended to be higher in infants started on TPN at a younger age. There was no significant correlation between the incidence of jaundice and the duration of TPN or fasting period. Infants receiving 110 cal/kg/day or more during TPN developed jaundice significantly more frequently than those receiving fewer calories. No definite correlation was obtained between the incidence of jaundice and the amount of amino acids administered. PMID- 3148044 TI - Catheter tip position in central vein thrombosis. AB - Clinical central venous thrombosis (CVT) was found to be associated with a catheter tip position in the superior vena cava (SVC), but not in the right atrium (RA), in patients receiving a standard parenteral nutrition regime in which dextrose was the sole energy source. CVT was rare with standard lipid containing three in one mixes, even when the catheter tip lay in the SVC. The reasons for this are discussed and the complications associated with catheter tip position are reviewed. PMID- 3148045 TI - Hepatic complications of total parenteral nutrition. AB - Elevations in serum hepatic enzyme levels and alterations in hepatic morphology have been noted in patients on total parenteral nutrition, in some cases progressing to fatal hepatic failure. Various factors such as toxins, inappropriate substrates, overfeeding, deficiency states, and gut hormone alterations have been implicated. It would appear that the tailoring of nutritional support to meet patient needs and the maintenance of normal gut integrity will be of increasing importance in reducing the incidence of this potentially fatal complication. PMID- 3148046 TI - Partial peritoneal alimentation in an infant. AB - We provided partial peritoneal alimentation to a 1.69-kg 11-month-old premature infant who had no available central venous access, depleted peripheral venous access, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. A cuffed silastic catheter was surgically inserted into the suprahepatic space. An alimentation solution was continuously infused into the peritoneum for 28 days to supplement peripheral venous and nasogastric alimentation and contributed 42 +/- 15% of total calories daily. Weight gain was achieved, but complications included hypoglycemia, hypophosphatemia, intravascular dehydration, catheter site leakage, ascites, and hydrocele. At autopsy 11 months later, lipid accumulation was present in the upper peritoneum and the hilar regions of the lungs secondary to preexisting lymphatic obstruction. Partial peritoneal alimentation may be feasible when other access routes are inadequate, but lymphatic obstruction is a contraindication to the peritoneal administration of lipid emulsions. PMID- 3148048 TI - Guidewire catheter exchange with triple culture technique in the management of catheter sepsis. AB - We report 70 total parenteral nutrition (TPN) patients who received guidewire catheter exchange for suspected sepsis during their hospitalization. To diagnose catheter-related sepsis (CRS) and catheter infection (CI), we used a system of pre- and postexchange catheter blood cultures and a catheter tip culture. There were 27 catheter exchanges with positive cultures. The rate of definite CRS/CI (eight instances) was 6.8% of catheters exchanged and 3.5% of all catheters at risk. Probable CRS/CI (11 instances) was seen in 9% of exchanged catheters and 5% of at risk catheters. Thus, 19/27 positive cultures were presumed to represent definite or probable CRS/CI. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (SCN) was the most frequently isolated organism. Simple catheter exchange was usually effective treatment of CRS/CI when SCN was the offending organism. The salvage rate of catheters exchanged for suspected sepsis or after a positive blood culture was 84%. Only 7% of exchanged catheters had to be removed. Guidewire exchange with triple culture technique was without mechanical complications. We recommend this technique to monitor central venous catheters in patients receiving TPN since it is simple, essentially painless to perform, and easily interpreted. PMID- 3148049 TI - Two cannula method for parenteral infusion and serial blood sampling in the freely moving rat. AB - Materials and techniques are described for positioning and exteriorizing two chronic venous cannulas in the rat. A cannula for fluid infusion is placed in the inferior vena cava via the femoral vein and exteriorized on the tail, whereas a cannula for blood withdrawal is placed in the superior vena cava and exteriorized in the scapular region. Grooming behavior and range of motion are not impeded since the cannula used for chronic infusion is shielded by a light-weight tail cover instead of a torso harness. Application of this method can minimize numbers of rats used in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) studies as demonstrated by our feasibility study in which serum parameters of liver function were serially monitored in toxin-treated rats infused with nutrient mixtures. PMID- 3148047 TI - Wernicke's encephalopathy during total parenteral nutrition: observation in one case. AB - A patient operated for toxic megacolon secondary to ulcerative colitis developed a Wernicke syndrome (thiamine deficiency) during the postoperative period despite the administration of the usually recommended doses of vitamin B1 during total parenteral nutrition (TPN) treatment. Vitamin B1 deficiency should be checked in order to evaluate the patients' nutritional condition before starting TPN, especially those suffering from severe chronic malnutrition. Routine administration of vitamin B1 in repletion doses may be reasonably proposed in order to avoid the development of a Wernicke syndrome which is potentially lethal in a short time if not recognized and corrected in time. PMID- 3148050 TI - Keratomalacia in a child with familial hypo-retinol-binding proteinemia. AB - Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a plasma protein with a molecular weight of 21,000 synthesized in the hepatocytes, binding with retinol (vitamin A), and transporting retinol to peripheral tissues. Keratomalacia is caused by a deficiency of vitamin A itself and/or protein-calorie malnutrition. In the latter condition, production of RBP is inhibited. We report herein familial hypo-retinol binding proteinemia in a child aged 19 months who developed keratomalacia during measles infection in spite of good nourishment. To the best of our knowledge this is the first description of such a case. The patient, her sister and mother showed persistent low levels, about half the normal levels, of retinol and RBP which were unresponsive to oral vitamin A and protein-rich diet. They had normal liver function tests, normal serum levels of other proteins and fat-soluble vitamins and lipids. This hypo-retinol-binding proteinemia was thought to predispose the child to develop keratomalacia during measles. Family members would be heterozygous with one normal RBP gene and one defective RBP gene. PMID- 3148053 TI - [Pathophysiology and treatment of refractory asthma. 5. An animal model]. PMID- 3148052 TI - [Etiology and treatment of intractable asthma--non-immunological features]. PMID- 3148051 TI - Myocardial tissue pCO2 and calcium content during ventricular fibrillation and reperfusion periods. AB - Forty-one patients who underwent cardiac surgery under conditions of systemic hypothermia and intermittent cold crystalloid potassium cardioplegia were studied, in order to elucidate the effects of ventricular fibrillation and reperfusion on the myocardium, by using the intramyocardial pCO2 and temperature sensor. All patients were assigned to 2 groups, namely; group A (21 cases), in which the time between the aorta declamping and defibrillation was under 10 minutes, and group B (20 cases) in which the time was over 10 minutes. In both groups A and B, myocardial pCO2 increased at the rate of 3.58 +/- 1.70 and 2.16 +/- 0.62 mmHg/min (p less than 0.05) after aorta declamping, respectively and the myocardial pCO2 decreased at the rate of 5.59 +/- 0.60 and 4.18 +/- 0.76 mmHg/min (p less than 0.05) after defibrillation, respectively. In group A, the myocardial calcium content, pre-CPB (cardio pulmonary bypass) was 10.98 +/- 1.62 nmol/mg/dry weight and at the time of aorta declamping it was 15.90 +/- 1.81 nmol/mg/dry weight (p less than 0.05). In group B, the myocardial calcium content, pre-CPB, was 14.62 +/- 2.15 nmol/mg/dry weight and at the time of aorta declamping it was 18.23 +/- 4.36 nmol/mg/dry weight (p less than 0.05). At both three and six hours after the operation, the left ventricular work index per minute (LVWI) in group A showed better cardiac pump function than that in group B. We therefore conclude that when reperfusion is encountered, acidosis can be minimized by prompt defibrillation. PMID- 3148054 TI - [A new method of diagnosis of aspirin-induced asthma by inhalation test with water-soluble aspirin (aspirin DL-lysine, Venopirin]. PMID- 3148055 TI - [Effect of physical training on the clinical course and the status of blood coagulation hemostasis in patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - The effect of intensive rationed exercise on coagulation hemostasis was assessed in 92 males, including 10 normal subjects and 82 coronary patients. Twenty male coronary patients, treated with antianginal drugs, were taken as controls. There were no significant changes in coagulation hemostasis between normal subjects after an exercise course and coronary patients on antianginal treatment. Intensive rationed exercise normalized coagulation hemostasis in coronary patients, as evidenced by reduced thrombinemia owing to smaller concentrations of factors VIII and X and an increase in protein C content. PMID- 3148056 TI - [Effect of peripheral vasodilators on the oxygen system of the body and central hemodynamics in patients with acute myocardial infarction]. AB - The effect of nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside on arterial and venous blood gases and acid-base state as well as central hemodynamic parameters were assessed in myocardial infarction patients using a micro-Astrup and a rheoplethysmograph. Blood oxygen flow and oxygen uptake were estimated. Nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside, administered to myocardial infarction patients showing no signs of heart failure, caused a significant reduction in arterial blood partial oxygen pressure (pO2), which, however, did not lead to a reduction of oxygen flow and tissue oxygen provision. In myocardial infarction patients with heart failure, nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside had a favorable effect on systemic oxygen regimen and central hemodynamics. PMID- 3148057 TI - [A method of parenteral feeding of children with acute renal failure]. PMID- 3148058 TI - [Various characteristics of hemodynamics and gas exchange in patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases]. PMID- 3148059 TI - Spontaneous glomerular immunoglobulin deposition in young Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - The frequency, age-onset and distribution of spontaneously deposited immunoglobulins (Igs) in glomeruli of Sprague-Dawley rats has been investigated. Groups of rats (n = 10) were examined at 4-7 day intervals from birth (presuckling) until 30 days of age. Findings were compared with circulating immunoglobulin concentrations in each age group. Immunoglobulins were undetectable in immature kidneys of newborn rats. However, as early as 5 days, scanty IgA and IgM deposits were observed predominantly in mesangial areas of mature glomeruli, corresponding to low circulating concentrations of these immunoglobulins. By contrast, glomerular IgG deposits were not observed until 21 days, despite relatively high concentrations of circulating maternal IgG from birth. Mesangial deposition of immunoglobulins increased with age. Absence of complement C3c or electron dense deposits associated with this mesangial localization suggests that immunoglobulins were not deposited as immune complexes. Accumulation of non-phlogogenic immunoglobulins in the mesangium of normal rats supports the concept that the mesangium is constantly perfused by circulating macromolecules and filtration residues. The results indicate problems of interpretation of the significance of endogenous immunoglobulin deposition in models of experimental glomerulonephritis, even in studies involving weanling rats. PMID- 3148061 TI - Serological evidence for Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection (nosemiasis) in gnotobiotic guineapigs. AB - Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection (nosemiasis) was serologically diagnosed in hysterectomy-derived gnotobiotically reared guineapigs. The probability of vertical transplacental transmission is discussed. PMID- 3148060 TI - Coprophagy in marmosets due to insufficient protein (amino acid) intake. AB - In the course of experiments to study the minimal protein requirement of common marmosets by nitrogen balance methods, coprophagy was observed. It occurred in most animals fed diets either with a protein content below 6% or lacking histidine/arginine. The protein level of 6% had previously been evaluated as being the minimal protein requirement for maintenance of marmosets. PMID- 3148062 TI - The effects of different anaesthetic agents on the estimation of uterine vascular permeability in mice. AB - Vascular permeability in the uterus and other tissues of mice was assessed using the accumulation of 125I-human serum albumin 30 min after its intravenous injection. The anaesthetic agent employed for the 125I-albumin injection differentially affected the estimates of vascular permeability: intraperitoneal (i.p.) tribromoethanol of pentobarbitone sodium produced significantly higher values for the uterus and body wall than ether. The i.p. administration of either Saffan or pentobarbitone sodium reduced estimates of vascular permeability in the duodenum. These results emphasize the importance of the choosing a suitable anaesthetic agent in vascular studies of the uterus and other abdominal tissues. PMID- 3148064 TI - Biochemical basis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in nine families. AB - The concentration of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) cross reacting material (CRM) was determined in haemolysates and/or lymphoblast lysates from nine patients with complete or partial deficiency of HPRT activity. Two of the patients had the fully developed Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and although they had undetectable HPRT activity, small amounts of CRM were found. HPRT-specific mRNA was not detected in lymphoblast lysates from one of these patients, while lysates from the other had a much reduced concentration. Samples from three patients with less than 0.1% of normal HPRT activity but with minor or no neurological manifestations were also found to contain small amounts of CRM. The other four patients whose HPRT activities ranged from 3 to 10% of normal were found to have CRM concentrations which varied from 26 to 100% of normal. In one patient with a partial deficiency the Km for 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribosyl-1-pyrophosphate was five times normal. PMID- 3148063 TI - Alterations of NAD and adenylyl dinucleotide metabolism in Chediak-Higashi syndrome fibroblasts. AB - Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) cells have been previously observed to exhibit several of the same characteristics as those of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and xeroderma pigmentosum variants. Cultured CHS fibroblasts have been examined for altered responses in both depletion of NAD and elevation of diadenosine-5',5"' tetraphosphate (Ap4A) following DNA damage since both responses have been reported as altered in XP cells and since Ap4A has been reported as absent from the platelets of CHS patients. Lowering of NAD following UV irradiation occurred in CHS cells in a manner similar to that of control and XP variant cells, but different from that of XP cells. CHS fibroblasts were not found to be deficient in Ap4A and exhibit basal levels very similar to those of control fibroblasts. No change in Ap4A pools were observed which correlated with cell growth, in contrast to previously published reports. Furthermore, while Ap4A levels are not elevated in XP cells, we observe an elevation of Ap4A pools in CHS cells which mimics the elevations observed in control and XP variant cells. We conclude that: (1) CHS cells more closely resemble control or XP variant cells than XP cells with regard to NAD lowering and Ap4A elevation following UV irradiation; (2) the photosensitivity exhibited by CHS cells is not due to general defects in the synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) from NAD or in Ap4A metabolism; and (3) alteration of Ap4A pool size in CHS fibroblasts is inappropriate as a biochemical marker for CHS. PMID- 3148066 TI - Use of platelets, mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells in the diagnosis of glycogen storage disease type VI. AB - We determined glycogen concentration and phosphorylase 'a+b' and phosphorylase a activities in platelets, mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells from control subjects and patients with phosphorylase kinase deficiency (glycogen storage disease IX) and liver phosphorylase deficiency (glycogen storage disease VI). Variations according to cellular type and to subjects' age (1-40 years) were established. Variable glycogen overloading was found in all our patients. Glycogen storage disease (GSD) VI was characterized by a diminished total phosphorylase activity with a low or normal a/(a+b) ratio of phosphorylase activity. GSD IX was characterized by a very low residual activity of phosphorylase a with an 'a+b' activity low or normal. PMID- 3148065 TI - Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and its pathogenesis: purine concentrations in plasma and urine with metabolite profiles in CSF. AB - Purine metabolism in the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome has been re-examined in 10 patients. Hypoxanthine and xanthine concentrations in plasma and CSF and urinary excretion have been studied, on and off allopurinol treatment, using high performance liquid chromatographic methods. Accumulation of the substrate, hypoxanthine, of the missing hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) enzyme, is more marked in urine and in CSF than in plasma. The greater increase in CSF is consistent with the most metabolically active tissue, brain, showing the most marked functional changes. The function of HPRT seems to be the recycling of hypoxanthine which is released from tissues in increasing quantities as energy use, ATP 'turnover', in the tissue increases. The existing screening method for HPRT deficiency, the ratio of the urinary concentration of urate to that of creatinine, shows overlap between the values in severe HPRT deficiency and in controls; this overlap is not found with a urinary hypoxanthine/creatinine molar concentration ratio. PMID- 3148067 TI - Prolinase activity in prolidase-deficient fibroblasts. AB - The activity of prolinase (EC 3.4.13.8) was studied in cultured skin fibroblasts derived from three patients with deficient prolidase (EC 3.4.13.9). With pro-val as substrate and manganese in the reaction buffer, prolinase activity was higher in prolidase-deficient cells than in control cells (mean (SEM) 917 (67) nmol min 1 mg-1, n = 3, control mean (SEM) 294, (50), n = 11). The Michaelis constants were not different for the pro-val and progly substrates in control and prolidase deficient fibroblasts. However, the constants for Vmax rose for both substrates in deficient cells. These results demonstrate that prolinase activity increases in prolidase-deficient fibroblasts as also shown in the plasma of patients with prolidase deficiency. We suggest that in prolidase-deficient fibroblasts, this rise in prolinase activity constitutes an attempt to compensate for the prolidase deficiency by increasing the greatly reduced intracellular proline pool. PMID- 3148068 TI - Biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency in an 8-year-old boy with normal serum biotinidase and fibroblast holocarboxylase-synthetase activities. AB - An 8-year-old boy with late onset multiple carboxylase deficiency is described. Biotinidase deficiency and holocarboxylase-synthetase deficiency have been excluded. A very slow biochemical response to biotin was found. The decrease in urinary organic acid excretion followed first-order kinetics with a half-life of about 50 days. The initially low carboxylase activities in thrombocytes were increased but not normalized after 3 months of treatment. PMID- 3148069 TI - Aminoacidopathies: a review of 3 years experience of investigations in a Kuwait hospital. AB - We present a summary of the results of quantitative amino acid analysis in 800 subjects over a three-year period in Al-Sabah Hospital, Kuwait. Thirty-five patients with aminoacidopathy were identified, all but two of whom were the offspring of first-degree consanguineous marriages: nine cases of phenylketonuria, one benign hyperphenylalaninaemia, seven non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia, five tyrosinaemia, five homocystinuria, four citrullinaemia, two cystinuria, one hyperprolinaemia, and one maple syrup urine disease. The clinical and biochemical findings in these cases are described. PMID- 3148070 TI - Serotonin and noradrenaline concentrations and serotonin uptake in platelets from hyperphenylalaninaemic patients. AB - In three untreated patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), three PKU and six hyperphenylalaninaemic (HPA) patients in good metabolic control, the kinetic constants of platelet in vitro uptake of [14C]serotonin (5HT) did not significantly differ from those in 12 control subjects matched for age. The platelet concentrations of endogenous 5HT and noradrenaline (NA), taken as long term indices of the amount of these amines circulating in plasma, were lower than normal in PKU and HPA patients, whether or not they were kept on a diet. However, a reduction in plasma NA concentrations at the moment of blood collection was seen only in untreated PKU patients. These data indicate that there may be a chronic inhibition of 5HT and possibly of NA synthesis even in PKU or HPA subjects in good metabolic control, with normal psychomotor development and only slightly raised plasma phenylalanine levels. PMID- 3148071 TI - The effect of oral betaine on vertebral body bone density in pyridoxine-non responsive homocystinuria. AB - Five pyridoxine-non-responsive homocystinuric patients aged 5 to 32 years were treated with oral betaine, 3 g b.i.d, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, two year crossover study of its effect on bone mineralization. Betaine therapy significantly reduced mean plasma homocystine (36 +/- 9 (SEM) mumol L-1 to 9 +/- 4 mumol L-1), with variable increases in plasma methionine and no adverse effects. Bone density, measured by computerized tomographic scanning of vertebral bodies, was below normal in all patients at the start of the study, and was not significantly altered by betaine therapy administered according to this protocol. PMID- 3148072 TI - Excretion of phenylpyruvic, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic and indolyl-3-acetic acids by the skin fibroblasts from a phenylketonuric child. AB - High-resolution gas chromatography and mass spectrometry have been used to analyse the changing chemical composition of the culture medium upon the growth of skin fibroblasts from a healthy individual and from a classical phenylketonuric (PKU) patient. The PKU fibroblasts, unlike normal ones, were found to excrete into the culture medium phenylpyruvate, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, indolyl-3-acetate and an unidentified metabolite containing the phenyl group. This testifies to the disturbed metabolism of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan in the PKU fibroblasts. This seems to be the reason for their reduced viability as compared with normal fibroblasts. PMID- 3148073 TI - Hepatic metabolites and uric acid excretion in fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency. PMID- 3148074 TI - Intrafamilial phenotypic variability in citrullinaemia: report of a family. PMID- 3148075 TI - N-acetylaspartic aciduria: report of three new cases in children with a neurological syndrome associating macrocephaly and leukodystrophy. PMID- 3148076 TI - Serum arginine level in neonatal citrullinaemia. PMID- 3148077 TI - Folates and homocystinuria. PMID- 3148078 TI - Laryngeal stridor as a leading symptom in a biotinidase-deficient patient. PMID- 3148079 TI - Isovaleric acidaemia in a premature infant: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3148080 TI - Enzymatic analysis in lymphocytes and erythrocytes from six patients with different phenotypes of phosphorylase kinase deficiency. PMID- 3148081 TI - E2-cDNA cloning and component X of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. PMID- 3148082 TI - DNA deletions and recombinations in the gene locus of X-linked muscular dystrophies. PMID- 3148083 TI - Immunochemical evidence of pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) deficiency. PMID- 3148084 TI - Clinical and molecular heterogeneity in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathies due to complex I deficiency. PMID- 3148085 TI - Structural organization of the human ornithine transcarbamylase gene. PMID- 3148086 TI - Successful treatment of maternal phenylketonuria with a formula consisting of low phenylalanine peptide as a protein source. PMID- 3148087 TI - Immunochemical studies of cultured fibroblasts from a patient with 3-ketothiolase deficiency. PMID- 3148088 TI - Relation of ventilation to CO2 output during moderate exercise in athletes. PMID- 3148089 TI - [DRG and its impact on nursing]. PMID- 3148090 TI - [Nursing statistics. The percentage of nursing fees in the total of medical expenses]. PMID- 3148091 TI - [Growth disorders]. PMID- 3148092 TI - Determinations of serum and muscle magnesium in Cebus monkeys infected with different T. cruzi strains. PMID- 3148093 TI - [Exoantigens of Trypanosoma cruzi. Epitopes reactive against immunoglobulins of patients with Chagas' disease]. PMID- 3148095 TI - Production and isolation of neissereal IgA proteases. PMID- 3148094 TI - Production and purification of anthrax toxin. PMID- 3148097 TI - Assays for epidermolytic toxin of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 3148096 TI - Use of exotoxin A to inhibit protein synthesis. PMID- 3148099 TI - Diphtheria toxin: purification and properties. PMID- 3148098 TI - Immunochemical assays for toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. PMID- 3148101 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic studies on spore coat proteins of Bacillus megaterium. AB - An immunochemical staining technique for the spore coat proteins of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 12872 was developed using colloidal gold as a second antibody. For reducing the non-specific immunogold binding and increasing the specific binding, the affinity-purified IgG was used as a first antibody. In sporulating cells at t10, gold particles were found not only in the spore coat but also in the mother cell cytoplasm, suggesting that some coat proteins were synthesized in the cytoplasm. Use of the specific affinity-purified antibody to 48K-protein demonstrated that this protein was one of the components of the outer coat. PMID- 3148100 TI - Griffonia simplicifolia I: fluorescent tracer for microcirculatory vessels in nonperfused thin muscles and sectioned muscle. AB - Previous studies on mice have revealed that the Griffonia simplicifolia I (GSI) lectin selectively binds to capillaries in a number of microvascular beds. These observations suggest that the lectin might be a suitable microvascular marker for physiological studies of skeletal muscle, particularly when fluorescent visualization of vessels is desired independently of their perfusion status. Since species and strain heterogeneity has been demonstrated for certain lectins associated with the microcirculatory vessels, lectin binding was studied in a number of muscles taken from the major species of mammals used for experimental purposes. Staining of cryostat sections confirmed the utility of GSI as a marker for capillaries from muscle of mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys. Differential staining of arterioles and veins was revealed by double labeling with GSI and antisera to Factor VIII-related antigen. Double labeling for GSI binding and alkaline phosphatase activity revealed that the GSI method detects many more capillaries and terminal arterioles than does the alkaline phosphatase method. GSI binding to unfixed whole mounts of thin skeletal muscles (hamster cheek pouch, mouse diaphragm, and rat cremaster) was studied to determine whether the GSI lectin would be a suitable marker for intravital studies. An extensive microvascular bed, including terminal arterioles, venules, and capillaries, was revealed which could be visualized in the complete absence of perfusion with fluorescent markers. These observations suggest that the GSI lectin may be extremely useful as a probe for the microcirculation of skeletal muscle in many types of physiological experiments. PMID- 3148102 TI - [Association of salmonella with other etiologic agents in acute enteritis in children]. PMID- 3148103 TI - [24-hour integrated concentration of LH, FSH, TSH and PRL in subjects with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism treated with pulsatile LHRH]. PMID- 3148104 TI - [Xenotransplantation of microencapsulated canine islets in diabetic mice]. PMID- 3148105 TI - Trichinosis surveillance, United States, 1986. AB - Trichinella spiralis is a parasite of carnivorous animals that causes the disease trichinosis. In the United States, people become infected by eating poorly cooked pork products or wild animal meat that is infected with the parasite. Although fewer than 100 cases per year are reported to CDC, trichinosis continues to persist as a public health problem in this country. Public health officials believe that the reported cases represent only a fraction of the total number of cases, since many of the mild or asymptomatic infections are undetected or are misdiagnosed unless they are related to more severe cases. In 1986, 51 cases of trichinosis were reported to CDC from 12 states and the District of Columbia. Thirty-six (71%) of these cases occurred in New Hampshire, Hawaii, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania reported the largest number of cases, 15, or 29% of the total. In 1986, commercial pork products accounted for only three isolated cases of trichinosis. The other cases of trichinosis caused by pork included wild boar or pork purchased directly from a farm. Among those cases in which the food item was known or suspected, pork was incriminated in 26 (61%) cases, bear meat in 14 (33%), and other meat in three (7%) cases. Trichinosis is a preventable disease. The U.S. Department of Agriculture requires that ready-to-eat pork products be heat treated or frozen to kill the parasite before the products are sold to consumers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3148106 TI - Maternal mortality surveillance, United States, 1980-1985. AB - To better define the incidence, causes, and risk factors associated with maternal deaths, the Division of Reproductive Health, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, coordinated a study by the Maternal Mortality Collaborative, a Special Interest Group of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). In 1983, this group established voluntary surveillance of maternal deaths for the years 1980-1985. The Maternal Mortality Collaborative reported 601 maternal deaths from 19 reporting areas for 1980-1985, representing a maternal mortality ratio of 14.1 per 100,000 live births. Overall, 39% more maternal deaths were reported by the Maternal Mortality Collaborative than by the National Center for Health Statistics for these reporting areas. Overall, women over 30 years of age had a higher risk of dying than did younger women. For each age group, women of black and other races who were 30 years and older having the highest risk. The leading causes of maternal deaths were embolism, hypertension in pregnancy, sequelae from ectopic pregnancy, hemorrhage, cerebrovascular accidents, and anesthesia complications. Of the 111 nonmaternal deaths, 90 (82%) were attributed to unintentional or intentional injuries. As a result of the success of this voluntary reporting system, the Division of Reproductive Health initiated National Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance in January 1988. PMID- 3148107 TI - Ectopic pregnancy surveillance, United States, 1970-1985. AB - Ectopic pregnancy is now one of the leading causes of maternal death in the United States. In 1984 and 1985, both the numbers and rates of ectopic pregnancy increased. Since the rate of ectopic pregnancy remained unchanged for white women, the rate increase appears to be driven by the increasing rate among women of black and other races. Although ectopic pregnancies accounted for only 1.5% of the total pregnancies in 1984 and 1985, they accounted for 14% of the total maternal deaths in 1984 and for 11% of those deaths in 1985. However, the case fatality rate for 1985 decreased to 4.2/10,000 ectopic pregnancies, down from the 35.5 deaths/10,000 ectopic pregnancies reported in 1970. Several factors may contribute to the increase in ectopic pregnancies, including heightened awareness of the condition, improved diagnostic technology, and possibly the higher prevalence of risk factors (e.g., acute and chronic salpingitis and sexually transmitted diseases) and the lower prevalence of protective factors (e.g., decreased use of oral contraceptives). Heightened awareness of the condition and improved technology may also be factors resulting in the decreased case-fatality rate. PMID- 3148108 TI - [Effect of intravenous administration of fat emulsion to depancreatized dogs]. AB - Sixteen mongrel dogs were depancreatized and controlled with intravenous hyperalimentation that included fat emulsion (Intralipid) for four weeks. Plasma lipids, fat tolerance test, PHLA, and presence of fatty liver were investigated. Dogs were divided into three groups (A, B, and C) for the purpose of studying the effect of fat emulsion. Groups A(n = 6) and B(n = 5) were given fat emulsion 1g/kg/day and 2g/kg/day respectively. Group C(n = 5) was not given fat emulsion. Group B had increased plasma total cholesterol and phospholipid. Group A had a slight increase of TG only. Group C had decreased plasma total cholesterol and phospholipid, and became hypoglycemic sometimes. The ability to clear fat emulsion expressed as (K2) decreased significantly after the 14th day in group B only. LPL, determined by the PHLA test in groups B and C only, did not change significantly. It seemed that fat emulsion was utilized in part as FFA and ketone bodies. Infusion of fat emulsion did not lead to fatty liver when insulin was administered continuously. For the depancreatized condition, it appeared that fat emulsion could be useful when blood sugar was controlled with insulin. PMID- 3148109 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa acid phosphatase contains an anionic site with a trimethyl subsite. Kinetic evidences obtained with alkylammonium ions. AB - In this work the action of the following compounds upon Ps. aeruginosa acid phosphatase has been studied: 1) alkylammonium compounds; 2) aminoalcohols and aminoacids with different substituents (-H, -CH2OH and -CH3) attached to the nitrogen atom; 3) alcohols analogous to some compounds of the above series, but without the amino group. It was found that the enzyme inhibition was more effective with N-trimethylated compounds than with the triethylated ones. The degree of inhibition depended on the number of methyl groups bound to the nitrogen atom. Taking into account the choline and betaine series the hydroxyl derivatives showed more affinity for the enzyme than the carboxylated ones. In each series the Ki values increased with the decrease of methyl groups bound to the nitrogen atom. The presence of a positively charged nitrogen atom in the molecule of the effector was essential. These results enable us to confirm that in the molecule of Ps. aeruginosa acid phosphatase there exists an anionic site with one subsite with affinity for methyl groups. PMID- 3148110 TI - Hydrogen peroxide mediates reperfusion injury in the isolated rat heart. AB - In an isolated, normothermic rat heart model (Langendorff, 37 degrees C), dimethylthiourea (DMTU) infusion only during reperfusion reduced both injury and measurable hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations after global ischemia. Cardiac function was assessed by measurement of ventricular developed pressure (DP). H2O2 was assessed using H2O2 dependent aminotriazole inactivation of myocardial catalase. Depletion of xanthine oxidase by two methods (tungsten or allopurinol inhibition) also improved recovery of function and H2O2 production. The results indicate that XO derived H2O2 contributes to myocardial reperfusion injury. PMID- 3148111 TI - Proteolysis and electrophoretic pattern of casein of some fermented milks. AB - Proteolysis and electrophoretic pattern of casein were determined in Friesian cows' skim milk, buffaloes' skim milk and in these milks fermented spontaneously (leben rayeb) and by Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis DRC3 (nonfat buttermilk) or by zabadi starter (zabadi). The highest proteolysis, as evidenced by the amount of released leucine, occurred in zabadi and the lowest in leben rayeb. The highest amount of tyrosine was liberated in the nonfat buttermilk. Proteolysis seems not to depend on the kind of milk used. A band of a relatively high density appeared to be released from alpha s-casein by the cell-wall proteinase of the microflora of raw milk and by heating at 90 degrees C for 1 min. Cows' skim milk, raw or heated, showed the presence of 2 probable proteose peptone components; buffaloes' skim milk 3 and 2. These components underwent slow or rapid degradation, depending on the type of fermented milk during skim milk coagulation. PMID- 3148113 TI - Tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 3148112 TI - Long-term results after surgical correction of incisional hernia. AB - The incidence of incisional hernia following abdominal surgery ranges from 1% to more than 10% and the results of surgical repair are very disappointing. Of the 151 patients who were operated on for incisional hernia, 74 developed recurrences (49%) but there were no specific predisposing factors for these recurrences. However, postoperative wound infection after the primary operation is probably the most important factor in the etiology of incisional hernia. Prevention of incisional hernia can be achieved by prevention of wound infection after the primary operation. Furthermore, there should be greater restraint on the surgical treatment of incisional hernia. PMID- 3148114 TI - Economic aspects of cataract. AB - In most countries, there are concerns about health care utilization and costs. Therefore, those arguing for more funds to be devoted to eye health care need economic data in support of their claims. This article examines the methods for estimating the economic effect of blindness and discusses the approaches to economic evaluation of health care interventions in the field of cataract. Some suggestions are also given for undertaking economic analysis alongside clinical trials in the field of ophthalmology. PMID- 3148115 TI - Unilateral sensorineural deafness in children. AB - Heredity, viral infection, and head or acoustic trauma are considered the common etiologies for a unilateral sensorineural deafness in children. The incidence of perilymphatic fistula in a unilateral hearing loss is still unknown. Inner ear related symptoms in children are scarce, and little diagnostic laboratory testing is available. A definite diagnosis of a perilymphatic fistula can therefore be made only by an exploratory tympanotomy. Four children, ages 5 to 15 years, with a history of a recent and rapidly progressive unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, were explored. Preoperative laboratory data, which included a fistula test, ENG, CT scan of the temporal bones, and an ABR, were all within normal limits. An overt fistula was found in only one of the patients. Only an exploratory tympanotomy can arrest and possibly reverse a unilateral hearing loss or discontinue a middle ear-cranial cavity communication. It is therefore our feeling that, in patients with an appropriate history, the potential benefit outweighs the risk and morbidity of an exploratory tympanotomy. PMID- 3148117 TI - Eustachian tube and nasal function during pregnancy: a prospective study. AB - Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) during pregnancy and the so-called "rhinitis of pregnancy" were investigated in a prospective manner by use of sonotubometry, the nine-step inflation-deflation tympanometric test, and computer-assisted anterior rhinomanometry. Twenty pregnant volunteers with symptoms of ETD were compared to 20 asymptomatic trimester-matched pregnant subjects and 20 nonpregnant, age matched controls. Among the symptomatic women, 16 of 20 (80%) demonstrated ETD, compared to 9 of 20 (45%) of the asymptomatic women and 6 of 20 (30%) of the nonpregnant controls (p less than 0.01). A statistically significant difference was also demonstrated between the symptomatic pregnant group and the control women with respect to nasal conductance and inspiratory work/liter. Resolution of ETD and nasal obstruction were documented upon repeat testing of pregnant subjects 4 to 10 weeks postpartum. Otologic history and current cigarette-smoking habit were found to predispose women toward ETD (p less than 0.05). We conclude that ETD during pregnancy and rhinitis of pregnancy are genuine clinical entities that can be demonstrated in the clinical laboratory and that the natural history of these disorders predicts resolution postpartum. PMID- 3148116 TI - Periodic alternating nystagmus. AB - Horizontal jerk nystagmus is indicative of a disorder involving the vestibular system. Periodic alternating nystagmus is a form of spontaneous nystagmus with a specific pattern. It is identified by the presence of spontaneous nystagmus in the primary direction of gaze, which beats in one direction for 1 or 2 minutes, followed by a null period, and then reappearance of the nystagmus in the opposite direction for a similar length of time. It may be congenital or acquired, and may be seen in association with vestibular-cerebellar disease or loss of vision. Recent case reports indicate that some forms of periodic alternating nystagmus may respond favorably to baclofen therapy. PMID- 3148119 TI - Management of vertigo in patients with syphilis: is endolymphatic shunt surgery appropriate? AB - Endolymphatic shunt surgery has been suggested as a means to relieve vertigo caused by syphilis in patients unresponsive to conventional medical therapy. We reviewed results of endolymphatic shunt surgery on vertigo and hearing in six patients with syphilis. We found no relief of vertigo in four patients who qualified for this measure and no improvement in hearing. Histologic review of temporal bones from three patients with syphilitic hydrops revealed syphilitic involvement of the endolymphatic duct system. This may explain why endolymphatic shunt surgery may not be beneficial. PMID- 3148118 TI - Effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on a newly established head and neck squamous carcinoma cell line. AB - A new cell line designated 584A2 has been recently established from a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Cytogenetic analysis of the cell line revealed multiple copies of chromosome 7, as well as a homogeneous staining region (HSR) on one chromosome 7. Since overexpression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) cell surface receptors (EGFr) often occurs in other squamous carcinoma cell lines, it was predicted that 584A2 might overexpress EFGr. This was confirmed by: (1) metabolic labeling, with subsequent immunoprecipitation of EGFr and comparing autoradiographs to a cell line without an HSR and fewer copies of chromosome 7, and (2) performing EGF binding assays with Scatchard analysis. Since overexpression of EGFr correlates with an inhibitory effect of EGF on cell culture, the biological effects of EGF on 584A2 were examined in this study. At 5 ng/ml (serum-free medium), EFG stimulated incorporation of [3H] thymidine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material compared with controls. Incorporation increased between days 0 to 1 and 1 to 2 days with a 6- to 7-fold maximum. Dose response studies (0 to 100 ng/ml) indicated maximum incorporation (6- to 7-fold) occurred between 0.1 ng/ml and 1.0 ng/ml. Cell growth was monitored over 7 days and, during this time, 5 ng/ml EGF produced a 10- to 12-fold increase in absolute cell numbers when compared with controls. We concluded that, unlike other squamous carcinoma lines with elevated EGFr, EGF stimulates rather than inhibits 584A2 cell proliferation. PMID- 3148121 TI - Facial nerve antidromic recordings in patients with Bell's palsy. AB - Antidromic facial nerve action potentials have been recorded noninvasively from the tympanic membrane (TM) of patients with Bell's palsy. A standardized approach has been developed in normal subjects that involves differential recording between the TM and adjacent canal wall. A metal annulus on the tip of an ear speculum served as the reference electrode. The speculum was held in place by an adjustable headband. A conductive sponge electrode inserted through the speculum served as the active TM electrode. In clinical trials, nerve potentials recorded from the paralyzed side were abnormal in all patients tested, indicating that nerve pathology could be monitored with this technique. Abnormalities were evident at the first test, within the first day of paralysis for some patients, and well in advance of any abnormality in the electroneuronography (ENoG) response. There appeared to be a relationship between specific waveform abnormalities (e.g., increased peak latency, waveform temporal dispersion, decreased area) and the tendency for a patient to recover from paralysis. These observations suggest that the technique described could serve as a means for early prognosis, at a stage in which nerve damage could still be effectively treated. PMID- 3148120 TI - Implantable venous access device: use in patients with advanced head and neck cancer. AB - As a result of prolonged hospitalizations and the frequent administration of sclerosing antibiotics and/or chemotherapeutic agents, vascular access frequently becomes difficult in patients with advanced head and neck carcinoma. Eighty-six totally implantable venous access devices were placed in 83 patients with advanced head and neck cancer to facilitate the administration of continuous intravenous infusion chemotherapy. Complications relating to surgical placement or usage of the device occurred in 29 of 86 ports (34%), leading to the removal of eight devices (9%). The implantation of two devices required revision. There were no serious sequelae from any of the complications. The port facilitated the administration of home chemotherapy in 11 patients. Because of our favorable experience, we now routinely recommend placement of these devices to all patients with advanced head and neck cancer at our institution. PMID- 3148122 TI - Salivary choristomas in the neck. PMID- 3148123 TI - The role of angiography and embolization in the management of recurrent epistaxis. PMID- 3148124 TI - Papillary adenocarcinoma of the larynx: a case report. PMID- 3148125 TI - Airway obstruction secondary to tuberculosis lymph node erosion into the trachea: drainage via bronchoscopy. PMID- 3148126 TI - Oral dantrolene sodium for tonsillectomy pain. PMID- 3148128 TI - [Some trials in PARMS for the accurate tumor localization and treatment set-ups in fractionated proton therapy]. PMID- 3148127 TI - Topical mupirocin vs. systemic erythromycin treatment for pyoderma. AB - Although topical antibiotics have been considered less than effective agents in the treatment of "impetigo," recent experience suggests that topical therapy has a place as primary treatment of pyoderma and impetigo. This bacteriologically controlled, randomized study compared the safety and efficacy of mupirocin with oral erythromycin in the treatment of pyoderma and impetigo. A total of 29 mupirocin-treated and 30 erythromycin-treated patients completed the study. None of the mupirocin-treated patients reported adverse experiences compared with 4 erythromycin-treated patients who reported 6 adverse experiences. The mupirocin treated group had a significantly higher benefit:risk ratio than the erythromycin treated group as measured by the investigator's global evaluation (P = 0.01). Both treatments eradicated 100% of the two most common pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Results from this study demonstrate that mupirocin is as effective as systemic erythromycin ethylsuccinate for treatment of pyoderma and impetigo. PMID- 3148129 TI - DRGs, orthopedic surgery, and age at an academic medical center. AB - The federal Medicare Diagnostic Related Group (DRG) hospital reimbursement system has been on line for 5 years. Hospitals contend that profit margins have dropped to dangerously low levels, due to the federal DRG Prospective Payment System. The authors analyzed all orthopedic surgical admissions to a large academic medical center under DRG reimbursement and characterized patients by age, resource utilization, and outcome. Total costs for the 1,040 orthopedic patients analyzed during a 15-month period added up to $9,718,800. Mean hospital cost per patient, mean hospital length of stay, percent outliers, and mortality generally increased with age. All age categories of patients 65 years of age and above generated financial losses under DRGs. Older orthopedic patients consumed a disproportionately larger share of resources than younger patients, and were more frequent users of the SICU and blood. The current DRG reimbursement scheme may be inequitable in relation to the older orthopedic surgery patient. If these findings are demonstrated at other medical centers, older orthopedic surgical patients could be limited in both their access and quality of care in the future. PMID- 3148130 TI - Pediculosis capitis: why prefer a solution to shampoo or spray? AB - Two hundred and sixty-eight children with pediculosis capitis took part in a comparative study to test the efficacy of five different pediculocides commonly used in Israel. The preparations used were pyrethrin shampoo, pyrethroid spray, malathion solution, carbaryl shampoo and carbaryl lotion. Carbaryl lotion and malathion solution were much more efficient when compared to the shampoo and spray preparations. PMID- 3148131 TI - Purification and characterization of human plasma Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein. AB - Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein (Zn alpha 2gp) was purified from fresh human plasma approximately 670-fold in a yield of 18% over the fractions from DEAE-Sephadex A 50 column chromatography. The purified protein was a glycoprotein with molecular weights of 56,000 and 57,000 on Superose and Sephadex G-150 column chromatographies and of 41,000 and 42,000 on nonreduced SDS-PAGE. Characterization, which included a determination of molecular weight, amino acid composition, amino terminus, and antigenicity, correlated well with known values previously reported for human Zn alpha 2gp. PMID- 3148132 TI - [Dynamics of the frequency of development of drug resistance in the causative agent of tuberculosis and its effect on the efficacy of treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3148133 TI - [Use of 3H-thymidine to study the metabolism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as changed during chemotherapy]. PMID- 3148134 TI - [Results of the repeated effect of low-energy laser radiation on Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 3148135 TI - [Indicators of antibody formation in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and drug-resistant Mycobacteria]. PMID- 3148136 TI - [Current theories on the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (lecture)]. PMID- 3148138 TI - Weigle-reactivation in a cyanobacterium (Synechococcus PCC7934) is induced by UV but not by mitomycin-C or nalidixic acid. PMID- 3148137 TI - Rabbit esophagus metabolizes arachidonic acid predominantly via a lipoxygenase pathway. AB - Eicosanoids modulate the response of gastrointestinal mucosa to noxious stimuli. Though these compounds have been extensively investigated in the stomach, their role in the esophagus has received less attention. Thus, the metabolism of 14C arachidonic acid by homogenates of rabbit esophageal mucosa was investigated. The major metabolites formed and separated by TLC and HPLC had the chromatographic characteristics of (percent conversion follows each metabolite) 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (3.80 +/- 1.15), prostaglandin F2 alpha (2.05 +/- 0.37), prostaglandin E2 (5.92 +/- 1.65) and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (26.03 +/- 4.58). Indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, caused a significant decrease in prostaglandin formation without affecting 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. BW755C, a combined cyclooxygenase-lipoxygenase inhibitor, dramatically decreased formation of all metabolites. It is concluded that esophageal mucosa metabolizes arachidonic acid primarily to a lipoxygenase derived product. This is the most abundantly produced eicosanoid yet described in the gastrointestinal tract. The importance of this compound to esophageal function is unknown but its presence suggests that future studies of eicosanoids in the esophagus should focus on lipoxygenase metabolites. PMID- 3148139 TI - The effects of scopolamine on working memory in healthy young volunteers. AB - Twenty healthy young adults completed a series of nonverbal and problem solving tasks in a repeated measures design involving placebo and 0.6 mg scopolamine, administered by subcutaneous injection. Subjects completed the test battery under standard presentation conditions and with concurrent articulation, which precludes verbal recoding of test material. Under standard presentation conditions, scopolamine significantly impaired performance on the problem solving task and on tasks of visuo-spatial and spatial memory; memory for abstract shapes was not impaired. Concurrent articulation impaired performance on the shape recognition and interacted with drug treatment on the problem solving task. The results suggest that scopolamine impairs working memory, and that the decrement is at the level of the central executive mechanisms rather than the subsystems which it controls. PMID- 3148140 TI - Selective inhibition of MAO-A, not MAO-B, results in antidepressant-like effects on DRL 72-s behavior. AB - The effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) that selectively inhibit the MAO-A or MAO-B forms of MAO were studied in rats performing under a differential reinforcement-of-low-rate 72-s (DRL 72-s) schedule of reinforcement. Clorgyline and CGP11'305A, irreversible and reversible MAO-A inhibitors, respectively, increased the reinforcement rate, decreased the response rate, and enhanced temporal discrimination. The irreversible MAO-B inhibitor (-)-deprenyl did not produce similar effects. Pargyline did not increase the reinforcement rate at low doses that selectively inhibit MAO-B, but did increase the reinforcement rate at doses that inhibit MAO-A by more than 90%. The present results are in accord with clinical data demonstrating that MAO-A inhibitors are effective therapeutic agents in treating depression while MAO-B inhibitors are of questionable antidepressant efficacy. The present findings provide further evidence that the DRL 72-s schedule may be useful both as a screen for identifying new antidepressants and for investigating the neurochemical effects of antidepressant drugs that are responsible for their therapeutic effects. PMID- 3148141 TI - Ontogenetic transitions in the psychopharmacological response to serotonergic manipulations. AB - The effects of various doses of the serotonergic agonist quipazine and antagonist methysergide on mouthing behavior under both low and high baseline mouthing conditions (i.e., in the absence and presence of milk, respectively) was examined in deprived and non-deprived rat pups at 3-4, 10-11 and 16-17 days postnatally. Quipazine was observed to induce an increase in mouthing in neonatal rat pups, both increases and decreases in mouthing at 10-11 days of age, while exerting a depressant effect on mouthing at 16-17 days postnatally. Methysergide conversely depressed mouthing at the two earlier testing periods, while having little effect on this behavior at 16-17 days postnatally. These ontogenetic transitions in the influence of serotonergic manipulations on mouthing are reminiscent of the ontogenetic reversal previously reported to occur in the influence of serotonergic manipulations on suckling (Ristine and Spear 1984). These developmental discontinuities in the serotonergic system may provide an excellent model system for the investigation of neural mechanisms mediating age-specific behaviors and their ontogenetic decline. PMID- 3148142 TI - Time dependent pentylenetetrazol-like cues subsequent to diazepam administration. AB - Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate which of two levers to press for milk reinforcement on a VI-20 schedule of reinforcement on the basis of whether they were injected subcutaneously with 0.75 mg/kg diazepam or 10.0 mg/kg pentylenetetrazol. Following discrimination acquisition, a dose-response function was generated for each drug during 5-min extinction periods. Subjects were then assigned to one of seven groups on the basis of their per cent responding during saline testing. Each group was injected with 5 mg/kg diazepam and then given a 5-min extinction test at intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, or 24 h subsequent to injection. The results indicated that at the shorter time intervals the animals responded on the diazepam lever. However, as the time interval between injection and testing lengthened, responding on the PTZ bar gradually increased until by 12 h following injection with diazepam the animals were responding as though they had received an injection of 5 mg/kg PTZ. Following this period of rebound, choice behavior returned to baseline by 24 h post-injection. PMID- 3148143 TI - Delay-dependent short-term memory deficits in aged rats. AB - Separate groups of rats of three ages (6 month, 15 month or 24 month) were trained in a two-lever operant chamber on one of two versions of a paired-trial delayed response task involving either matching or non-matching of the choice response to a sample lever. The older rats were unimpaired in learning either version of the task during initial training with no (0 s) delay between the sample and choice responses. However, when variable 0-24 s delay intervals were introduced, the 24-month group was impaired on acquisition of the delayed non matching task, and both the 15- and 24-month groups were impaired on acquisition of the delayed matching task compared to the 6-month group. Deficits in the older groups in asymptotic performance were attributable to an impairment at longer delay intervals whilst maintaining near perfect performance at the shorter delay intervals, suggesting a selective short-term memory impairment. The delay dependent deficits of the older groups were not ameliorated by the muscarinic agonist arecoline or the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine, and so failed to corroborate a cholinergic interpretation of the observed age-related impairment in short-term memory. PMID- 3148144 TI - The effects of novelty, isolation, light and ethanol on the social behavior of mice. AB - The social behavior of pairs of male NIH Swiss mice was assessed under a variety of experimental conditions. Increasing periods of isolation increased both the total time spent in social interaction and also increased the incidence of aggressive behavior. Familiarity with the testing arena tended to increase social behavior, but the magnitude of this effect was considerably less than that previously observed in rats. High light levels reduced social interaction. Ethanol (0.8-2.4 g/kg) caused a dose-related decrease in the total time spent in social interaction, a biphasic effect on aggressive behavior and a dose-related increase in locomotor activity. While the social interaction test in this form may not be a suitable model of anxiety in NIH Swiss mice, it should provide a useful method of assessing drug effects and investigating genetic influences on social and aggressive behavior. PMID- 3148145 TI - Effects of triazolam on heart rate level and on phasic cardiac response to noise during sleep. AB - The influence of triazolam on cardiac and respiratory activity of healthy male subjects was examined during nights disturbed by airplane noises and during undisturbed nights. Twenty-four subjects, divided into three groups of eight, slept in the laboratory for 7 nights (N0-N6). Following a double blind design, group A (control group) received a placebo every night. Group B received 0.25 mg triazolam and group C received 0.5 mg on nights N3, N4 and N5. On the other nights, they received a placebo. For all three groups, the nights N0, N3 and N5 were disturbed by 32 semi-randomly distributed airplane noises. Air and wall temperatures (20 degrees C) and air humidity (10 degrees C, 52%) were kept constant. Sleep measures, heart rate and respiratory rate were continuously recorded. Results showed that the largest dose of hypnotic drug produced an increase in tonic heart rate in the first part of each night throughout the treatment period (N3, N4, N5). When compared to baseline disturbed night N0, the phasic cardiac response to the noises was significantly attenuated on only the 1st treatment night (N3). Triazolam had no significant effect on nocturnal respiratory rate. No after-effects of the drug were observed for cardiac and respiratory activity on the withdrawal night (N6). The results suggest that, with regard to the drug action, there was either an increase in arousal threshold or a dissociation between long-lasting and short-lasting modifications of heart rate. Contrary to the single night attenuation of phasic cardiac responses, there was no drug tolerance for the hypnotic-related increase in tonic heart rate. PMID- 3148146 TI - Interaction between ethanol and caffeine in operant behavior of rats. AB - The interaction between ethanol and caffeine on operant behavior was studied in 24 water-deprived male rats trained in a discrete trial spatial alternation schedule with water as reinforcer. One single drug dose-response experiment or one dose combination of ethanol and caffeine (including the associated control treatments) was run on 4 successive days in 1 week. The four treatments of 1 week were administered to each animal in a distinct order according to the 24 possible permutations. In the single drug weeks, ethanol (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 g/kg IP) or caffeine (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg PO) were administered 15 min before the session. In four interaction experiments all combinations of two doses of ethanol (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg IP) and two doses of caffeine (25 and 50 mg/kg PO) were employed. Ethanol and caffeine alone showed both dose-dependently decreased choice accuracy and increased response latency and passiveness. In combination, caffeine normalized the ethanol-induced alterations in ITI response rate and pause length but potentiated the effects on choice accuracy, latency and number of pauses. The results are interpreted in terms of effects of these drugs on attentional and arousal processes, and the test procedure is proposed as a screening tool for the preclinical assessment of ethanol-drug interactions. PMID- 3148147 TI - Variation in the single dose pharmacokinetics of fluphenazine in psychiatric patients. AB - The single dose pharmacokinetics of fluphenazine (2 x 5 mg tablets, Prolixin) were studied in 21 drug free male psychiatric patients (12 black, 9 white). Plasma samples were harvested over a period of 48 h while the patients were on a strictly controlled diet. The results showed wide interpatient variations in all pharmacokinetic parameters including Cmax, AUC, apparent oral clearance, and elimination half-life. It was determined for each of these parameters that the geometric mean gave a better estimate of central tendency than the corresponding arithmetic mean and the distribution was skewed and leptokurtotic. There was no significant difference between blacks and whites in any pharmacokinetic parameter examined. Considerable variations and marked undulations in the elimination portion of the plasma concentration versus time profiles were evident, possibly indicating biliary recycling of the drug. These undulations made it difficult to determine elimination rate constants for several of the patients. Hydrolysis or plasma samples from one patient demonstrated that the conjugate(s) of fluphenazine was present in three to four times the concentration of the unchanged drug. PMID- 3148148 TI - Phenylpropanolamine: reinforcing and subjective effects in normal human volunteers. AB - The reinforcing and subjective effects of phenylpropanolamine (PPA, 25 and 75 mg, PO) were compared with those of d-amphetamine (AMP, 5 mg) in a group of normal, healthy adults (eight males, nine females) with no history of drug abuse. A discrete-trial choice procedure was used in which subjects first sampled placebo and a dose of one of the drugs. Subjects were then allowed to choose between self administration of drug or placebo on three separate occasions. The relative frequency with which active drug was chosen over placebo was used as the primary index of the drug's reinforcing efficacy. Subjective effects were measured with the Profile of Mood States, a short version of the Addiction Research Center Inventory and a series of visual analog scales. Ratings of drug liking, drug labelling, general activity level and strength of drug preference were also obtained. As expected, AMP was chosen significantly more often than expected by chance (69% of occasions). AMP also increased ratings of drug liking, preference strength, and activity level, and produced a profile of subjective effects consistent with its well-established stimulant and euphorigenic properties. The low dose of PPA was without effect on most measures. PPA 75 mg was chosen significantly less often than expected by chance (39% of occasions). This dose of PPA was most frequently labelled as a stimulant, and produced significant increases on ratings of Anxiety and "stimulated," and decreases on ratings of "sedated" and "hungry." Unlike AMP, PPA did not affect ratings of drug liking or mood scales reflecting euphoria. In sum, these results indicate that PPA does not possess AMP-like dependence potential. PMID- 3148149 TI - Prolactin response to sodium valproate in schizophrenics with and without tardive dyskinesia. AB - Sodium valproate, a GABAergic agent (800 mg), and placebo were administered orally, as a single dose, to nine chronic schizophrenics with tardive dyskinesia (TD), seven chronic schizophrenics without TD and ten healthy controls, according to a double blind design. Blood samples were collected before and after drug administration, to determine plasma prolactin concentrations. Sodium valproate decreased plasma prolactin levels in healthy subjects (P less than 0.001) and in schizophrenic patients with TD (P less than 0.001), but not in chronic schizophrenics without TD. Moreover, in dyskinetic subjects, the maximum per cent decrease of plasma prolactin from basal value was positively correlated to the score of the abnormal involuntary movement scale (r = 0.724, P less than 0.02). Although the neural or biochemical substrate underlying the different responses of plasma prolactin to sodium valproate in schizophrenics with and without TD remains unclear, these results provide the first neuroendocrine evidence able to differentiate dyskinetic subjects from those without TD within a schizophrenic population. PMID- 3148150 TI - Intra-amygdala injections of corticotropin releasing factor facilitate inhibitory avoidance learning and reduce exploratory behavior in rats. AB - The effects of intra-amygdala injections of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on memory and exploratory behavior in rats were examined in the present study. Rats with chronically implanted cannulae received intra-amygdala injections of vehicle or CRF at a dose of 0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 micrograms, either immediately after the inhibitory avoidance training or prior to the open field activity test. Results indicated that while CRF at low (0.01 microgram) and high (1.0 micrograms) doses produced no significant effect on retention or exploration, immediate post-training intra-amygdala injections of CRF at the medium dose (0.1 microgram) significantly improved retention of the inhibitory avoidance response. The same dose of CRF, given shortly prior to the open field activity test, decreased locomotor activity, rearing and hole-poke responses in rats. These results suggest that the amygdala is one of the anatomical loci involved in CRF modulation of memory processing and exploration in rats. The implication of CRF in mediating the influences of stress on behavior is discussed. PMID- 3148152 TI - Defensive burying of flavors paired with lithium but not amphetamine. AB - Although rats demonstrated avoidance of both lithium- and amphetamine-paired flavored solutions, only the lithium-paired flavor elicited a defensive burying response. These data support the contention that lithium-paired flavors become hedonically unpalatable. Additionally, a simplified economical method for measuring defensive burying is described. PMID- 3148151 TI - Increased food intake in satiated rats induced by the 5-HT antagonists methysergide, metergoline and ritanserin. AB - Two series of experiments examined whether 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) antagonists induce feeding in rats. In the first series of experiments separate groups of rats were injected with various doses of methysergide, cyproheptadine, metergoline or ritanserin prior to a 2 h period of access to a wet mash diet which induced vigorous feeding under control conditions. None of the antagonists increased food intake in this paradigm. Rather, at certain doses, methysergide, cyproheptadine and ritanserin induced slight decreases in food intake. Since 5-HT may be involved in controlling satiety, it may be that a more appropriate test of the efficacy of these compounds involves administering them to maximally satiated rats. Consequently, the effects of these drugs were investigated in groups of rats which had fed to satiety immediately prior to drug treatment. In this paradigm methysergide, metergoline and ritanserin, but not cyproheptadine, induced definite increases in food intake. It is suggested that this effect occurs via a dissipation of satiety signals, and that these results further support the hypothesis that 5-HT is involved in controlling satiety. The possibility that these antagonists act on peripheral 5-HT systems is discussed. PMID- 3148153 TI - Environment-dependent tolerance to ethanol produced by intracerebroventricular injections in mice. AB - In comparison to other routes of drug administration, an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection requires the use of a very small amount of ethanol in mice to produce a brief but substantial hypothermic response. By avoiding the longer duration of drug action, use of ICV injections may facilitate the demonstration of the contribution of certain aspects of learning in the expression of tolerance. Therefore, tolerance to ethanol was developed in mice in a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm with eight ICV injections of ethanol delivered at 2-h intervals so that the animals received four injections per day for 2 days. The effect of ethanol in a different environment was tested on the following day. Environment-dependent tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol and a robust conditioned compensatory response were demonstrated when the mice were trained and tested with ICV injections of 2.0 mg ethanol. The environment-dependent tolerance was also evident when the mice were trained with ICV injections and tested with intraperitoneal injections of ethanol. These results demonstrate that ICV injections are a beneficial means of clarifying the role of learning phenomena in the development of tolerance. PMID- 3148154 TI - Effects of lithium on synaptosomal Ca2+ fluxes. AB - Lithium is the primary treatment for mania, and it has been employed as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of a number of other conditions. In spite of its widespread clinical use, the specific mechanism by which lithium acts is still not known. Because lithium bears some chemical resemblance to Ca2+ and because it has been found to interfere with many Ca2+-dependent processes, we investigated the possibility that lithium can alter intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis by an effect on Ca2+ fluxes. When added in vitro to synaptosomes prepared from rat forebrains, lithium had no effect on 45Ca2+ influx mediated by fast or slow phase depolarization-dependent Ca2+ channels or by Na+/Ca2+ exchange. In vitro treatment with lithium also had no effect on ATP-dependent Ca2+ sequestration by mitochondria or synaptosomal endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, 45Ca2+ influx in synaptosomes prepared from rats treated chronically with lithium was increased significantly relative to controls. The fact that chronic in vivo treatment with lithium affected synaptosomal Ca2+ flux whereas in vitro treatment did not is consistent with the time course of therapeutic effectiveness in man. The results suggest that lithium does not directly interact with synaptosomal Ca2+ flux, but rather may influence Ca2+ flux through an indirect mechanism following chronic treatment. PMID- 3148155 TI - "First-dose" response to mianserin: effects of age. AB - The effects of single 10 mg oral doses of the antidepressant mianserin on psychomotor performance, subjective sedation and supine and standing blood pressure were compared in ten young and nine elderly healthy volunteers. Immediate and residual sedation following this subtherapeutic dose was readily detected in both groups. In contrast to previous studies with benzodiazepines, the sedation effect was not accentuated in the older subjects. Subjective awareness of sedation was significant in the young but not, however, in the elderly. "First-dose" postural hypotension, presumably due to post-synaptic alpha blockade also occurred in young subjects only. Caution may be needed on initial dosage of mianserin in young individuals who drive or undertake skilled tasks and in the elderly who may be unaware of psychomotor impairment. The reported alpha 2 receptor selectivity of mianserin might explain the lack of postural effects in the elderly, and might constitute a potentially useful characteristic in the development of new compounds. PMID- 3148156 TI - A commentary on Swift, Swift and Tiplady (1988) 'first dose' response to mianserin: effects of age. PMID- 3148157 TI - Comments on the Borison-Wang model of emesis. PMID- 3148158 TI - Testing the hypothesis that crypt cell hyperplasia inhibits lactase expression by mouse jejunal enterocytes. AB - Lactase activity and crypt cell proliferation both increased significantly in mouse jejunal villi in the presence of the intestinal parasite Nematospiroides dubius. Comparisons are made between this result and others showing lactase activity to decline whenever crypt cell proliferation is increased. PMID- 3148159 TI - [Bacterial etiologic factors of diarrhea in the feces of infants hospitalized at the Clinic in January 1985]. PMID- 3148161 TI - TAH and BSO with adjuvant pelvic EXRT and vaginal Cs-137 boost in the management of carcinoma of the endometrium. AB - Combined surgery and radiation has become standard therapy for operable endometrial cancer patients with stage IA (grade 2-3 or deep muscle invasion), stage IB, stage II, and selected stage III disease. We discuss the rationale for whole pelvic external-beam radiation therapy (EXRT) followed by vaginal endocurietherapy (ECT) boost, and present the outcome of 43 patients with endometrial cancer treated by combined surgery and radiation. PMID- 3148160 TI - A case of aleukemic monocytic leukemia cutis treated with total body electron therapy. AB - A 39-year-old man with aleukemic monocytic leukemia cutis was treated with total skin electron therapy. The patient was irradiated twice a week for five weeks using three overlapping beams (SSD 145 cm) in a four-field technique with 4 MeV electrons. After delivery of 20 Gy, the nodular lesions disappeared. The patient tolerated the treatment well and showed no serious side effects. PMID- 3148162 TI - Identification of nursing diagnoses and defining characteristics: two research models. AB - Nursing diagnoses and their defining characteristics associated with one Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) were identified and validated. The clinical retrospective model and the nurse validation model were used to identify high volume nursing diagnoses associated with DRG 366, transurethral prostatectomy, and to validate related defining characteristics. For the clinical-retrospective model, 34 patient records classified as DRG 366 were reviewed, nursing diagnoses and their associated defining characteristics were identified and retrospectively validated. The nurse-validation model was implemented by assessing nine patients within DRG 366 over 22 shifts. Analysis using descriptive statistics demonstrated 80% level of agreement on five most frequently identified nursing diagnoses, but lack of agreement on the associated defining characteristics. PMID- 3148164 TI - [The behavior of the intrahepatic arteriolar muscle layer in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni]. PMID- 3148163 TI - Does a spontaneous cure for Chagas' disease exist? PMID- 3148165 TI - [Potential risk of transfusion transmission of Chagas disease in Belo Horizonte (MG)]. PMID- 3148166 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi antigens detected by immunoelectron microscopy in the spleen of mice serologically positive but parasitologically cured by chemotherapy. (Preliminary report). PMID- 3148167 TI - [Recklinghausen's disease royal tumors. Apropos of 2 case reports with major involvement of the lower limbs]. PMID- 3148168 TI - [Lasers and microsurgery. The use of the CO2 laser in microsurgical vascular sutures. Experimental study of 240 anastomoses and initial clinical cases]. PMID- 3148169 TI - Ankle fractures osteosynthesized with the 3M staplizer. A new internal fixation system compared with a routine method. PMID- 3148171 TI - Etiology and treatment of periarticular heterotopic ossification after total hip replacement. PMID- 3148170 TI - [Complications of stable flexible wiring in the treatment of femoral fractures in children]. PMID- 3148172 TI - [Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of school screening for hereditary hemoglobin abnormalities: prospective study in Bouches-du-Rhone. School screening for hemoglobinopathies]. AB - Screening in schools for heterozygote carriers of haemoglobinopathies traits has been carried out experimentally in southeast France ("Bouches du Rhone", the Marseille region) since 1977. The study compares, in cost-effectiveness terms, the screening strategy now followed with 27 alternative strategies in all the pupils (14-16 years). Although the frequency of heterozygote carriers in this school population as a whole is only 7.9% carriers for beta-thalassaemia gene and 2.5% carriers for HbS, prospective costs per diagnosis still seem reasonable: from 1544 to 4997 French francs (1987) depending on the strategy, and 2099 to 7380 francs if beta-thalassaemia alone is screened. In comparison with the current screening strategy, cost-effectiveness ratios could be improved by using haemoglobin electrophoresis as a preselection test, or a blood count if beta thalassaemia alone is screened. Further improvement of cost-effectiveness ratios could be obtained by limiting screening to ethnic groups most "at risk"; but such strategies raise ethical and acceptability issues. PMID- 3148174 TI - [Infections and utilization of antibiotics in the hospital, results from a prevalence survey in 1986]. AB - To estimate the rate of infectious diseases and the efficiency of medical care in our hospital, we conducted a prevalence survey of both infections and antibiotic use on 588 inpatients. Results showed that 125 patients (21% of the total) had infections; of these, 56 had nosocomial infections. A third of the patients had been receiving antimicrobial drugs; among them, 30% were receiving the drugs for prophylactic reasons. A misuse in the prophylaxis of infections was determined, particularly in the duration of treatment. The study demonstrated that an effective infection-control program and an antibiotic policy are required in our hospital. PMID- 3148175 TI - [Evaluation of health expenditures of a group of asthmatics from an unselected population]. PMID- 3148173 TI - [Various sero-epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in general medicine: results of a pilot survey performed in Belgium]. AB - A study was made of 110 cases of viral hepatitis diagnosed by general practitioners between 31 May 1982 and 30 June 1984. Hepatitis A was diagnosed in 53 patients, hepatitis B in 18 patients, hepatitis of both types A and B in one patient, and--by exclusion--hepatitis non-A non-B in 38 patients. Hepatitis A appears to be generally acquired by contact with infected persons or by travelling in endemic regions. In more than 50% of the hepatitis B cases, a hospital stay and/or ambulatory treatment were mentioned. All patients with hepatitis A became negative for anti-HA/IgM within 9 months after the diagnosis. 30% of the patients with hepatitis B remained positive for HBs Ag 9 months after diagnosis. PMID- 3148176 TI - [Appendiceal diverticulosis and diverticulitis]. PMID- 3148177 TI - [Clinical use of the RO 15-1788 antagonist in voluntary poisoning with benzodiazepine]. PMID- 3148178 TI - Aminoglycoside and nephrotoxicity. AB - The effect of three aminoglycosides--gentamicin, netilmicin and amikacin--on renal acid excretion was studied in male rats treated with doses equivalent to those clinically used. The amikacin and netilmicin groups showed no important changes in the values of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and U/P inulin ratio during normal and acidotic conditions. The gentamicin group, however, showed a clear tendency to decreases in these functional parameters even in normal conditions, a finding that reinforces the concept that gentamicin is more nephrotoxic than other aminoglycosides. During normal conditions net acid excretion (BH) did not change with any of the three tested drugs. However, after an acute acid load BH markedly fell regardless of the antibiotic used. The capacity to elevate the urine-blood pCO2 was preserved after an alcaline overload, suggesting that the distal tubule was not significantly affected by aminoglycoside treatment. These data suggest that the clinical use of aminoglycosides during metabolic acidosis deserves close attention due to the possible deleterious effect that can emerge as the result of an inappropriate retention of acid loads. PMID- 3148179 TI - Stimulation of ciliary activity by indomethacin in rabbit tracheal epithelial organ culture. AB - Inflammatory mediators influence mucociliary transport function in the lung, which may be dependent on the beating of the underlying cilia. To determine whether a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug affects this function, and, if so, what is the mechanism action, we examined the effect of indomethacin on ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of cultured rabbit tracheal epithelial cells by a photoelectric technique. Addition of indomethacin dose-dependently enhanced CBF without any ciliary discoordination, the maximal increase and Km being 26.5 +/- 4.8% (mean +/- SE, p less than 0.001) and 6.8 X 10(-7) M, respectively. Pretreatment of tissues with nordihydroguaretic acid (10(-5) M), an inhibitor of the lipoxygenase pathway, did not change the baseline CBF, but inhibited the response of CBF to 3 X 10(-6) M indomethacin (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that indomethacin may accelerate mucociliary clearance through the augmentation of ciliary motility and that this ciliostimulation may be mediated by leukotrienes produced by activation of the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 3148180 TI - Differential effects of beta-adrenergic blockade on P0.1 and mean inspiratory flow. AB - To quantitatively examine and compare the effects of beta-adrenergic blockade on ventilation, we studied 20 healthy volunteers during inhalation of room air and at steady state CO2 (2.0, 4.4, 6.0%) following a single oral dose of bupranolol (vs. placebo). During room air breathing, minute ventilation (VE) and mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI) were significantly reduced after beta-blockade with a concomitant increase in blood PaCO2 (p less than 0.01). The timing factor TI/Ttot and mouth occlusion pressure P0.1 remained unchanged. These differences were, as shown from calculated effective alveolar ventilation, mainly attributed to a decrease in physiological dead space ventilation following beta-blockade. With a stepwise increase in FICO2, the difference in PaCO2 between placebo and bupranolol tended to approach zero, whereas VE and VT/TI remained significantly lower during beta-blockade (P less than 0.05). In contrast, no difference existed in P0.1 between bupranolol and placebo. We suggest that (1) respiratory drive assessed by P0.1 is unaffected by beta-blockade and (2) mean inspiratory flow depends also on CO2 elimination characteristics, which are influenced by beta blockade. PMID- 3148181 TI - [Prevalence of infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in patients with multiple blood transfusions]. PMID- 3148182 TI - [Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers in the province of Talca, Chile]. PMID- 3148183 TI - [Interferon stimulates the expression of cholinergic properties in human spinal cord neurons in culture]. AB - A preparation of dissociated monolayer cultures from embryonic human spinal cord has been developed and characterized (Kato, Touzeau, Bertrand, Bader, 1985) as a model system for the study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Touzeau and Kato, 1986). The cultures contain cholinergic and GABAergic neurons, astrocytes and fibroblasts. We have recently found that gamma-interferon (IFN) can increase the choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity without altering the level of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) or the neuronal survival; an antibody to IFN can prevent these effects. Gamma-IFN appears to mediate these effects via the non-neuronal cells since in the absence of non-neuronal cells, gamma-IFN has no effect on the cholinergic properties. The non-neuronal cells alone have no CAT or GAD activity. Astrocytes may be responsible for these changes since gamma-IFN increases the development of GFAP immunoreactivity in cultures of 6-7 week old spinal cord cells and it causes no visible change in the Thy-1 immunoreactivity of the fibroblasts. Thus we propose that IFN acts on non-neuronal cells, possibly the astrocytes, which in turn stimulate neuronal cholinergic traits either by means of a diffusible factor or via cell-cell contact. These studies could be relevant in understanding the effects of the immune system on the nervous system and also in the search for new drugs which act specifically on cholinergic neurons. PMID- 3148184 TI - Serine proteases and serpins: their possible roles in the motor system. AB - A review of the importance of the extravascular fibrinolytic enzymes and their inhibitors in the neuromuscular system is discussed. We present data showing the role of specific serine proteases, the plasminogen activators, during neuromuscular development as well as after nerve injury and regeneration through their action on muscle basement membrane components. We show the presence in muscle of protease nexin I, a member of the serine protease inhibitors (serpins) family, where it is highly concentrated in the neuromuscular junction. These data have lead us to propose a model where the extravascular components of the fibrinolytic cascade and cellular derived serpins, such as protease nexin I, would act in the formation and maintenance of the neuromuscular synapse. Our conclusion is that future studies with these molecules, including their regulation at several levels, are warranted in a number of neuromuscular and neuro-degenerative diseases. PMID- 3148185 TI - [Spinal mechanism of the antispastic action of TRH in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. AB - Effects of high-dose TRH on the vibratory inhibition of soleus H-reflex have been studied in 9 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In 6 of the 9, TRH induced a significant increase in vibratory inhibition. This suggests that the TRH-induced reduction of spasticity might be due to an increase in presynaptic inhibition acting on Ia fibres. PMID- 3148186 TI - [Clinical, electrophysiologic and endocrine effects of the perfusion of high doses of TRH in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. AB - Eight patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis received 500 mg TRH by IV infusion, at a progressive rate during 3 hours. Only 3 patients noted subjective improvement of strength. Clinical muscular testing and H response study failed to show any change. Moreover modifications of the prolactin, growth hormone, TSH and T3 serum levels raise a question concerning the tolerance with long term utilization of TRH. PMID- 3148188 TI - [Evaluation of the nutritional status of children under 5 years of age in the State of Rondonia-Brazil]. PMID- 3148189 TI - [1st authochtonous cases of schistosomiasis mansoni in the Northwest region of the State of Minas Gerais (Brazil)]. PMID- 3148187 TI - [Automatic recognition of spike-wave discharges in dynamic EEG]. AB - A computerized system for automatic recognition of spike and wave discharges (SWDs), recorded by ambulatory EEG, is described. Four parameters were sequentially considered for detecting SWDs: amplitude, frequency, rhythmicity and second derivative of the EEG epochs to be evaluated. With this system the computer was able to recognize in 20 patients 95% +/- 4.7 of SWDs visually detected, while the percentage of the SWDs as compared with the total number of "discharges" found by the computer was 82.4% +/- 15.5. PMID- 3148190 TI - An altered response by psoriatic keratinocytes to gamma interferon. AB - To determine whether psoriatic keratinocytes differ from normal keratinocytes in their response to gamma interferon, epidermal cell suspensions from normal and from lesional and uninvolved psoriatic skin were cultured in the presence of gamma interferon and the induction of HLA-DR expression and inhibition of cell growth were measured. The addition of 10(2) units of gamma interferon/ml during a 7-day culture period significantly increased mean HLA-DR+ cell numbers in 21 epidermal suspensions of normal from 3.9 to 24.1% (P less than 0.0001), uninvolved psoriatic from 8.4 to 33.1% (P less than 0.0001), and to a lesser extent lesional psoriatic biopsies from 12.6 to 18.3% (P less than 0.01). However, the increase in HLA-DR+ cell numbers in these latter cultures was significantly less than that observed in either normal or uninvolved psoriatic epidermal cell cultures (P less than 0.0001). Furthermore, [3H]thymidine incorporation was substantially decreased by gamma interferon in 16 out of 22 (73%) cultures of normal epidermal cells; this decrease was statistically significant (P less than 0.01). In contrast, only 4 out of 11 (36%) lesional and 9 out of 21 (43%) uninvolved psoriatic epidermal cultures showed comparable inhibition of proliferation. These findings suggest that psoriatic keratinocytes have an altered response to gamma interferon; this could explain the infrequency of keratinocyte HLA-DR expression in psoriatic plaques in vivo and may also contribute to the increased epidermal proliferation that characterizes this disease. PMID- 3148192 TI - Quality of hospital data and DRGs. AB - Research on and application of DRG is frequently performed with the aid of computerized data. This study has been made to assess the importance of errors in hospital data bases for DRG research, and the financial consequences if DRG is used as a reimbursement system. For the same hospital stays information on the DRG grouping variables has been collected from medical records and a data base. Frequencies of errors in the data base for the DRG grouping variables (principal diagnosis, secondary diagnosis, complications, procedures, age and discharge status of death) and length of stay are given. DRG grouping is performed on the basis of both medical record and data base information. The analysis shows the DRG system to be robust towards errors in the data bases. The procedure used in many countries for testing the US DRG definitions with national data found in data bases is also considered to be robust towards errors. Data quality in the studied data base is sufficient for DRG research purposes. The factors giving the robustness are of a general nature and may also apply to other data bases. Quality of computerized data is a less critical factor for DRG than for other applications of such data. If the present data base had been used in financial connection the errors would have had almost no deteriorating effect on hospital incomes. PMID- 3148191 TI - Antigen receptor genes in autoimmune B and T cells. PMID- 3148193 TI - Hepatobiliary abnormalities associated with total parenteral nutrition. AB - Hepatobiliary abnormalities occur often in patients receiving TPN. Although TPN use may be important in their pathogenesis, many other factors could also be involved. In any individual patient it may be difficult to separate the contribution of TPN itself from that of the other precipitating causes. The most worrisome observation to date is the development of severe progressive liver disease in a small number of patients receiving long-term TPN. Further work is needed to determine whether the use of TPN actually contributes to this condition or is simply an associated finding. PMID- 3148194 TI - [The dialogue on humanizing care]. PMID- 3148195 TI - [Caring for a dying patient is above all helping a patient while alive]. PMID- 3148196 TI - [Attending the elderly dying patient]. PMID- 3148197 TI - [Diabetes and pregnancy]. PMID- 3148198 TI - [Diabetes. Let us stop researching glycosuria]. PMID- 3148199 TI - [Acute bronchiolitis. A case study. The Lisbon School of Postgraduate Nursing. Specialization course in rehabilitation nursing]. PMID- 3148200 TI - [Ventilator weaning]. PMID- 3148201 TI - [Problem of improving the economic concepts in public health during its reorganization and increased effectiveness]. PMID- 3148202 TI - Evaluating screening and early intervention: a puzzle with many pieces. AB - This article reviews some conceptual and methodological issues which arise in evaluating screening programs, screening protocols, lead time, sensitivity and specificity, and base rates among others. Benefits of screening need to be separated from those of early intervention. Replicable protocols are needed to strengthen studies of the benefits of preadmission screening. Preadmission discharge planning is an idea which warrants consideration. PMID- 3148204 TI - Board and care castaways: older adults outside the long term care continuum. AB - Board and care homes for the elderly offer a protective housing option. However limited resources and an increasingly disabled population have put severe stress on these facilities. This study looks at the boundaries of board and care in a California sample by comparing case examples of problem residents who were retained in board and care homes and problem residents who were asked to leave. Results from a discriminate analysis show those expelled have more personal care needs, fewer social skills, less family support and that the home has fewer resources to deal with the particular resident. Both groups have similar number of health and behavioral problems. Findings suggest additional resources for non medical, maintenance care are needed to extend stay and prevent nursing home admission. PMID- 3148203 TI - Towards a network of social health services: redefining discharge planning and expanding the social work domain. AB - Hospitalization for most people occurs episodically in an individual's lifetime, when the patient, someone with a past and future, is acutely ill. Particularly in the present health care climate "discharge planning" in hospitals will need to be redefined to address the real needs of people at health transitions. Programmatic initiatives by hospital social work departments are suggested as a strategy of moving toward the new concept of "social health care management." This paper discusses the background and a model of expanding social work domain in providing such a viable network of social health services. PMID- 3148205 TI - Thrombolytic treatment for acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3148206 TI - The population dynamics of two vertically transmitted infections. AB - The transmission of Keystone virus in the mosquito Aedes atlanticus and of Rickettsia rickettsii in the tick Dermacentor andersoni is modeled and analyzed. Both of these infections can be transmitted vertically from an infective parent to newborn offspring as well as horizontally via direct or indirect contacts with infected individuals. The vertical transmission mechanism plays a major role in the maintenance of these infections and its effects are analyzed in detail. This same mechanism can act as a means for controlling the size of the infected host population and an analysis of this effect is also provided. The sensitivity of the threshold parameters and the endemic prevalence rates of the disease to variations in the basic infection transmission components are investigated. The transmission components that are considered include the ability to transmit the pathogen vertically as well as horizontally, the size of the host population, and survival probabilities of the hosts. PMID- 3148208 TI - Purification of antiphospholipid antibodies using a new affinity method. PMID- 3148207 TI - Binding specificity of lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies. AB - Antiphospholipid antibodies have been found to be strongly associated with syndromes characterised by spontaneous arterial and venous thromboses, recurrent miscarriage, immune thrombocytopenia, and occasionally neurological manifestations. These antibodies can be detected using solid phase immunoassays, and by their effect on prolonging phospholipid dependent clotting tests. This latter phenomenon is termed the lupus anticoagulant (LA). The relationship between anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) and the LA activity of plasma was investigated in 14 patients. Plasma of these patients exhibited both LA activity and high levels of ACA. The patients included 7 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 6 without and 1 chlorpromazine induced lupus anticoagulant. 7 patients had a history of thrombosis and 7 did not, despite high antibody levels. Plasma was incubated in a serial fashion with solid phase cardiolipin and the residual ACA level and LA activity were monitored using a solid phase enzyme linked immunoassay, and the kaolin clotting time (KCT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) respectively. There was no correlation between baseline ACA levels and parameters of LA activity (dKCT or dAPTT) in contrast to previous reports. However, there was a concurrent reduction in both LA and ACA levels over 24 hours during incubation with cardiolipin in all patients. The rate of reduction of both parameters was highly correlated (r = 0.99. p less than 0.001). The relative reduction of LA activity versus ACA level varied between patients, and may represent different affinities for phospholipid in thromboplastin versus phospholipid in solid phase. Thus, despite the lack of concordance between LA and ACA in many patients, the two activities can be removed concurrently in vitro, suggesting similar binding specificities of the antibodies. The incomplete concordance could be explained by varying affinities for different structural presentations of the lipid antigen. PMID- 3148209 TI - A comparative study of venous occlusion and DDAVP stimulated fibrinolysis in normolipidemic subjects. PMID- 3148210 TI - Ultrastructural localization of phenoloxidases in cuticle and haemopoietic tissue of the blowfly Lucilia cuprina. AB - The ultrastructural localization of two types of biochemically characterized phenol oxidase activity is described in the larva of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina. Cuticular tyrosinase activity (enzyme A) is seen in epicuticular filaments and procuticle. Procuticle activity can be detected only after a presumed process of activation takes place in damaged cuticle. By using either the dopamine reaction or inducing melanization by hot-water treatment, tyrosinase is readily shown in haemopoietic tissue which, in L. cuprina, occurs subdermally as well as being associated with the dorsal vessel. The adaptation of the diaminobenzidine technique, used to stain laccase in electrophoretic gels, to ultrastructural cytochemistry has made it possible to demonstrate enzymic activity probably due to laccase (enzyme B). The laccase activity is present in the inner epicuticle of late wandering third instar larvae (about to pupariate) but is not present in the epicuticle of younger larvae. PMID- 3148211 TI - Patterns of cell division in imaginal discs of Drosophila. AB - A transmission electron microscopic study of cell division in serially sectioned imaginal discs of early third instar fruitfly larvae revealed that mitotic cells maintain a relationship with the basal surface of the disc through thin cytoplasmic extensions abutting on vesicular material. Two patterns of cell division were discerned. In one, cell divisions were isolated and usually found near the peripodial membrane-disc epithelium junction; in the other, cell divisions were clustered. Observations on cell death and cell division in the peripodial membrane are also reported. PMID- 3148212 TI - [Standard nursing care plans]. PMID- 3148213 TI - [Standardization and nursing diagnosis]. PMID- 3148214 TI - [Management and standard nursing care plans]. PMID- 3148215 TI - [Standard nursing care plan in practice. The use of the standard nursing care plan in a professional practice]. PMID- 3148216 TI - [Standard nursing care plans: do they improve quality?]. PMID- 3148217 TI - [Side effects of radiotherapy--development and introduction of a standard nursing care plan]. PMID- 3148219 TI - [This is how patients can feel ... nursing problem]. PMID- 3148218 TI - [Automation and standard nursing care plans]. PMID- 3148220 TI - [Grief and mourning--I]. PMID- 3148221 TI - [From profile to quality profile. The development of a measuring tool for quality evaluation of nursing care for mentally retarded]. PMID- 3148222 TI - [The filtering role of the nurse in the emergency service]. PMID- 3148223 TI - [Personnel planning for a fixed period. Aids for head nurses]. PMID- 3148224 TI - [Malnutrition: a misdiagnosed problem]. PMID- 3148225 TI - [Humanly deficient and medically sufficient]. PMID- 3148226 TI - [Between therapy and 'acting normally'. The work of psychiatric nurses]. PMID- 3148227 TI - [Grief and mourning--II]. PMID- 3148228 TI - [Case management--a task for psychiatric nurses?]. PMID- 3148229 TI - [This is how patients can feel--treated as cattle]. PMID- 3148230 TI - [Reaction to the article 'Nursing ... a future source for anxiety?' by H. Stroeks]. PMID- 3148232 TI - A new serological technique, time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA), for the immunological diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis. AB - The application of a new serological method, time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA), is described for the diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis. A chelate of lanthanides (europium) with a long fluorescent life-time is used as label. The intensity of fluorescence is measured after a delay selected to eliminate almost completely the background fluorescence, which decays rapidly. TRFIA was compared with an established method, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using sera from proven cases of Schistosoma haematobium infection, 98.1% of the samples were positive by TRFIA and 86.5% by ELISA. Sera from patients infected with helminths other than schistosomes produced only 1.5% of false positives with TRFIA, compared with 12.3% by ELISA. TRFIA is more sensitive and specific than ELISA. PMID- 3148231 TI - Activity of agricultural chemicals to modify mitomycin C induced growth inhibition of Bacillus subtilis in the rec assay. AB - Rec assay of agricultural chemicals, MCPA-E, MCPA, CNP and PCNB was conducted. It was found that MCPA-E and MCPA accelerated the growth-inhibition originally induced by Mitomycin C in the rec- strain. PMID- 3148234 TI - Coconut water in the culture of Trypanosomatidae. PMID- 3148233 TI - Predisposition of humans to infection with Schistosoma mansoni: evidence from the reinfection of individuals following chemotherapy. AB - In a study of faecal egg counts of Schistosoma mansoni from 359 people of all ages from a rural Kenyan community, a positive association was demonstrated between infection intensity in individuals before treatment and reinfection intensity in the same individuals 9 months after treatment in certain age groups of the sampled population. Consequences and possible causes of these observations are discussed in terms of the epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis. PMID- 3148235 TI - The application of DNA technology to tissue typing. AB - A new method of determining class II HLA antigens by genotyping with HLA DNA probes is described. This method compares favourably to the traditional serological methods. PMID- 3148236 TI - [Immediate results of the use of CO2 laser in surgery of the stomach]. PMID- 3148238 TI - [Diverticulosis of the appendix]. PMID- 3148237 TI - [Enteral feeding in the complex preoperative care of patients with cicatricial and ulcerous pyloroduodenal stenosis]. AB - Based upon an experience with the treatment of 87 patients the authors recommend enteral nutrition with special mixtures in combination with the stimulation of gastric motility by medicamentous drugs, electroacupuncture and electrostimulation to be performed in the postoperative period. PMID- 3148239 TI - Immunocytochemical detection of Listeria monocytogenes in tissue with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. PMID- 3148242 TI - The effect of epidural and general anesthesia on the healing of colonic anastomoses. AB - Colonic anastomoses were performed on two groups of 13 dogs each. Epidural anesthesia and general anesthesia were performed in one group and general anesthesia only in the other. Intraoperatively, the epidural-general anesthesia dogs tended to bleed less, making the anastomosis less difficult. Histologic comparisons showed healing to be more advanced in the epidural-general anesthesia dogs compared to the general anesthesia dogs 24 hours and 7 days postoperatively. Differences were not noticed 14 and 28 days postoperatively. Bursting pressures were determined 24 hours after surgery. Differences between the groups were not noticed. Leakage occurred at 72% of the pressure determined to cause leakage in normal colons. PMID- 3148241 TI - Characterization of Brucella ovis surface antigens. AB - A rough antigen (SRA) extracted from Brucella ovis in hot saline by Myers procedure, showed three precipitation lines when tested in immunodiffusion against sera from experimentally infected rams. The components responsible for the lines could be isolated by ultracentrifugation or gel filtration which gave 3 fractions, named PI, PII and PIII. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) appeared in the pellet (SRA-pp) after ultracentrifugation as judged by the presence of lipids, sugar composition, 2 keto-2deoxyoctulosonic acid (KDO), and its characteristic immunoelectrophoretic and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) patterns. SRA-pp contained the antigen responsible for one of the immunoprecipitation lines of SRA and the supernatant (SRA-sn) contained only antigens responsible for the other two. Gel filtration of SRA-pp showed the presence of PI, while SRA-sn gave PII with high protein content and PIII with high carbohydrate content. Immunological activity in gel diffusion (GD) of the Fraction PII and PIII was specific for sera of B. ovis infected rams. Sera from rams experimentally infected with smooth strains (Brucella abortus and melitensis), were not able to react with these antigens. PMID- 3148240 TI - Conservation of antigenicity in a 31-kDa Brucella protein. AB - A 31-kilodalton (kDa) protein extracted from Brucella abortus was previously cloned into Escherichia coli and expressed at high levels. The E. coli-derived protein can be purified by a simple 2-step procedure entailing detergent extraction followed by ion-exchange chromatography. Subsequent analyses show that the E. coli-derived protein is identical to the Brucella-derived protein in molecular weight and isoelectric point. A partial amino acid sequence of the N terminus of the protein of E. coli origin matches the predicted sequence, based on DNA sequence data. Using specific antiserum raised against the E. coli-derived protein, 34 strains of Brucella, representing all 6 recognized species, were examined for expression of the 31-kDa protein by Western blotting. This protein was detectable in all, but one Brucella species (B. ovis), including all 8 biovars of B. abortus tested. This degree of conservation supports further study of the 31-kDa protein for potential exploitation as a vaccine or diagnostic component. PMID- 3148243 TI - Extracorporeal bypass of the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk using autogenous lungs for oxygenation in the dog. AB - A technique for right heart bypass using autogenous lungs for oxygenation was evaluated. Venous blood was collected by a catheter placed in the right atrium and caudal vena cava. The blood then passed through the extracorporeal unit and was pumped into the pulmonary circulation. This technique allowed direct surgical exposure of the conus arteriosus, pulmonary valve, and pulmonary trunk. The surgical procedure, plasma hemoglobin levels, platelet and leukocyte counts, arterial blood gas, serum proteins, electrocardiogram, and postmortem findings were evaluated. Although there were significant alterations in many of these parameters, seven of eight dogs were successfully perfused and recovered rapidly from the surgery. One dog died of complications arising from inadequate venous return before bypass was established. On the first postoperative day, the survivors were ambulatory, eating, and having normal bowel function. Right heart bypass may be an effective method to approach lesions involving the conus arteriosus, pulmonary valve, and pulmonary trunk. PMID- 3148245 TI - Why won't they just ask us? PMID- 3148244 TI - [The efficacy of enriching wheat bread with lysine and its effect on gastric secretory activity]. AB - A high biological effectiveness of bread enriched with microbiologically synthesized lysine has been proved in experiments on rats which were fed with this bread. Optimum lysine concentration for bread enrichment has been determined. The biological value of bread proteins with respect to all growth parameters increased proportionally, within the range of lysine concentration from 0.2 to 0.7%. Further concentration increase induced amino acid imbalance. Certain characteristics of the effect of lysine-enriched bread on the digestive organs were revealed in experiments on dogs. Intensified secretion of gastric juice, pepsin and hydrochloric acid was recorded under the effect of lysine enriched bread. The data obtained have evidenced the possibility and effectiveness of bread enrichment with lysine. PMID- 3148246 TI - [Intestinal parasites of Anthropoidea from the Wroclaw Zoo]. PMID- 3148247 TI - Animal research. PMID- 3148248 TI - [Isolation of islands of Langerhans from the human adult pancreas]. AB - Nine of 38 islet isolation experiments, using the duct collagenase technique, were selected for quality checks on isolated islet tissue. Pancreas was harvested, following aortic multi-organ perfusion. The total number of islets isolated amounted to 112,461 +/- 11,828 in 13.7 ml of suspension on average. In vitro secretion of beta cells was increased by a factor of 3.8 in response to glucose stimulation. Isolated islets in morphologically intact condition were detected by histological investigations. A new viability test (MTT, Sigma) for isolated pancreas islets worked well, in that it provided very soon information on islet survival in the wake of collagenase preparation. These results produced evidence to an improvement of technical conditions for clinical use of adult islet transplantation in cases of type I diabetes. PMID- 3148249 TI - Evaluation of ligand induced relative change in the bimolecular quenching constant of protein fluorescence: a steady-state model. AB - Steady-state fluorescence quenching data for proteins in the presence of ligands can be obtained in such a fashion as to yield information about ligand induced changes in the bimolecular quenching constant, K+, without the necessity to determine the excited state lifetimes in separate measurements. We introduce Kr, the relative quenching constant assigned for the liganded protein (defined as the product of the bimolecular quenching constant characteristic of the enzyme-ligand complex and the average fluorescence lifetime in the absence of ligand and quencher) which reports, in comparison with the Stern-Volmer constant (KSV) assigned to the free protein, about the relative change in the dynamic exposure of the proteins fluorophore. Regardless of whether the protein is saturated with the ligand or not, the steady-state fluorescence data obtained with ligand and quencher concentrations as independent variables can be plotted to obtain linear relationships from which the values for Kr and KSV can be calculated. PMID- 3148251 TI - Changes of calcium compartmentalization of skeletal muscle under ionic and drug influence. AB - Compartmentalization of calcium was studied in frog semitendinosus using 45Ca radioisotope under exchange diffusion condition. Computer based deconvolution was employed to determine the "volume" and the apparent binding constant of the resolved six components. Assuming kinetically parallel and independent compartments nickel treatment slows down the calcium movement through the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane and for the calcium ions causes competition of the membrane of transverse tubuli and of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Veratrine treatment caused different effect in the presence and in the absence of sodium ions, demonstrating the essential role of Na+ in equilibrium with Ca2+ exchange processes/ATPases in the Ca2+ uptake and release by sarcoplasmic reticulum. Effect of caffeine and Dantrolene basically opposite on the compartment corresponds to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and similar on the transverse tubuli in term of speed of exchange diffusion. PMID- 3148250 TI - Evaluation of ligand induced relative change in the bimolecular quenching constant of protein fluorescence: applications to lysozyme and adenosine deaminase. AB - By using our model, described in the preceding paper, we investigate the effect of tri-N-acetylglucosamine binding on lysozyme. Furthermore, we reprocess the recently published data (Biochemistry, 1985, 24, 1342) on the effect of different inhibitors on adenosine deaminase. For lysozyme, the inhibitor binding decreases the dynamic accessibility of Trp-108 by changing the dynamics of the protein region separating the buried Trp-108 from the solvent. The reprocessed data on adenosine deaminase-inhibitor systems indicate that the inhibitors which presumably stabilize different (ground or transient) states alter the protein dynamics in both a qualitatively and quantitatively different manner in good agreement with the thermodynamic data of inhibitor binding. Our approach allows us to conclude that ligand induced changes of protein dynamics are not uniform and usually depend on where the protein-ligand complex is situated along the reaction coordinate (or phase-space) and are not localized to the protein groups building up the binding center. PMID- 3148253 TI - Long-chain polyprenols in gymnosperm plants. AB - Over 100 species of gymnosperm plants were checked for the presence of long chain polyprenols. Poly-cis long chain prenols, mainly as acetates, were found in green needles of about 60 species. In Cycadopsida either prenol-18 or prenol-20 were the main components of the natural polyprenol mixture. In Coniferopsida either a single polyprenol family was present like in all species of Pinaceae, or polyprenols consisted of two families differing in the size of polyprenol molecules: one family in which prenol-17 was the dominating component, and the other family of prenol-23. These complex mixtures of polyprenols were present in Araucariaceae, Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae and also in Taxopsida. Seasonal variations were observed in the polyprenol content in green leaves. PMID- 3148252 TI - Role of counter ions in trypsin acylation. NaCl effect. AB - The Asp102-carboxylate negative charge of the trypsin catalytic-triad has been substituted in part by Cl- counter-ions. A His57-imidazolium cation and Ser195 tetrahedral oxyanion ionpair generated in the acylation step of catalysis is stabilized by the negative charge of Asp102. The importance of correct location of this negative charge has been investigated by experimental analysis of the NaCl influence on the acylation-rate of trypsin, as well as by electrostatic, potential calculations. The acylation-rate was determined with stopped-flow technique under pseudo-first order conditions, by using 4-nitrophenyl-4' guanidinium benzoate active site titrant at pH 4.25 +/- 0.04, in an unbuffered solution of I = O or 0.5 M NaCl. The acylation-rate constants, kappa 2, are: kappa H2O = 0.32 +/- 0.02 s-1 and kappa NaCl = 3.5 +/- 0.5 s-1, and they correlate to beta-trypsin (the most rapid single-chained form of the enzyme). The rate increasing effect of NaCl, together with the calculated electrostatic energies, indicate that the negative charge contribution of the Asp102 carboxylate to the stabilization of the imidazolium cation and tetrahedral oxyanion intermediate is larger of more orders, than that of the Cl- counter-ion, located in a less favourable position. PMID- 3148254 TI - Intraluminal duodenal diverticulum associated with heterotopic pancreatic tissue: case report and literature review. AB - A case of intraluminal duodenal diverticulum (IDD) in a young man with chronic abdominal pain is reported. Diagnosis was done by a barium meal. Surgical excision was performed. Associated ectopic pancreatic tissue was found at operation. IDD is of congenital origin and it coexists with other anatomical abnormalities in 40%. Complications include chronic abdominal pain, duodenal obstruction, gastrointestinal bleeding, pancreatitis. Endoscopic resection is feasible, but surgical resection is safest. Peroperative localization of the papilla of Vater is mandatory to avoid its injury during resection of the mucosal attaches of the IDD. PMID- 3148255 TI - [Diverticulosis of the appendix]. AB - Diverticulosis of the appendix. Diverticulosis of the appendix is a rare condition. Cause of the danger of perforation, it is not an unimportant entity. We present six examples and review its pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3148256 TI - Some thoughts about the evolution of pediatric endocrinology in the United States and illustrative selected advances. PMID- 3148258 TI - Transmission electron microscopic studies on streptococcal aerosol infection. PMID- 3148259 TI - Scanning electron microscopic studies on streptococcal aerosol infection. PMID- 3148260 TI - Cardiovascular manifestations in Fabry's disease--age-related changes in hemizygotes and heterozygotes. PMID- 3148257 TI - Respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants with congenital heart disease and treatment with human leukocyte interferone. PMID- 3148262 TI - Possible role of Streptococcus pyogenes in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. VI. Heightened cellular reactivity to streptolysin-O in mice infected with S. pyogenes and in MCLS patients. PMID- 3148261 TI - Studies on the effect of long-term use of low dose aspirin in Kawasaki disease. PMID- 3148263 TI - Histopathological study of the biopsied muscles from juvenile patients with congenital myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 3148265 TI - Proximal 3p deletion: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 3148264 TI - Benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes: evolution of seizure types. PMID- 3148266 TI - Cohen's syndrome with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3148267 TI - Ultrasonographic findings in periventricular leukomalacia in the newborn: two cases associated with early onset group B streptococcal sepsis. PMID- 3148268 TI - Thyroid gland function in prepubertal and pubertal non-ketotic diabetic children. PMID- 3148269 TI - Increased prolactin response to TRH in polycystic ovary syndrome with low basal prolactin values. AB - An intravenous TRH loading test with 200 micrograms TRH was carried out in 9 hypoprolactinemic (serum prolactin less than 100 mIU/ml) and 6 normoprolactinemic PCO patients and 6 normal subjects. Basal and stimulated prolactin and TSH levels were measured. The latter were within normal values. Prolactin responses to TRH were exaggerated in PCO patients, irrespective of the basal prolactin values. According to literary data, these results indicate that increased prolactin response to TRH in PCO is independent of the basal prolactin values and suggest disturbed tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic function. PMID- 3148270 TI - Viral-bacterial synergistic interaction in respiratory disease. AB - In the present review we have identified how viruses can alter the host's susceptibility to bacterial infections by altering both environmental conditions in the lung which favor bacterial replication as well as by suppressing the host's defense mechanisms which prevent clearance of the bacteria. In many instances, these interactions are extremely complex but similar for many viruses. If the virus can overcome the initial host defense mechanisms, which include local antibody and mucus, the virus initiates tissue damage as a result of direct replication within the epithelial cells lining the mucosal surfaces of the respiratory tract. As a result of virus infection, the host cells respond by producing a variety of mediators including various types of interferons, which can alter both virus replication and host response. Replication also produces by products of virus infection capable of initiating an inflammatory process, which in turn, through release of other mediators, can further modify lung defense mechanisms and encourage bacterial adherence and growth. The bacterium, in turn, releases chemotactic factors which encourage infiltration of specific effector cells into the lung. These effector cells can cause tissue damage and immunopathology, which encourage rapid bacterial growth and may result in death of the animal. In order to be able to control this complicated scenario, it is important either to prevent the initial infection with viruses or to reduce the degree of immunosuppression, so that bacterial clearance can occur rapidly before microcolony formation and extensive lung damage occur. Once a large amount of bacterial replication and lung damage is present, the use of antibiotics is generally of limited value. A schematic illustration of the complexity of the various interactions and counteractions occurring during virus--bacterial synergistic interactions is presented in Fig. 1. PMID- 3148271 TI - An appraisal of the cost-effectiveness of alternative day care settings for frail elderly people. AB - Three alternative day care settings for a defined subgroup of frail elderly people are evaluated using cost-effectiveness analysis. This subgroup of frail elderly people is a significant minority of day-care users who have specific and separately identifiable needs. Their utilization of day care often results in the expensive use of day hospital resources or inappropriate social centre facilities. By using a mixture of published and original data sources this paper argues that specialist day services for frail elderly people can be considered at least as effective as either day hospital or social centre care. However, although it is concluded that the use of a specialist day service is more cost effective than the day hospital, more analysis of the benefits of care in social centres is required before any judgement can be made about the relative cost effectiveness between these settings. PMID- 3148272 TI - Clinical budgeting and drug management on long-stay geriatric wards. AB - Over-prescribing on long-stay wards for the elderly is a common problem. A scheme of senior doctor surveillance of prescribing on long-stay wards in a district general hospital is described, which involved stopping all drugs except those considered essential. A reduction of over 50% in the number of drugs taken per patient, and a saving of 34% in drug costs was achieved, without detriment to patients' well-being. Increased drug utilization on some wards is considered to occur because of the ward sister's demand for patients to be given drugs such as sedatives and tranquilizers. Regular re-education of nursing and junior medical staff to reduce over-prescribing is recommended. PMID- 3148275 TI - A prospective evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) relative to fecal culture in the diagnosis of clinical and subclinical paratuberculosis in cattle in central Ohio. PMID- 3148273 TI - Incidence of Trypanosoma vivax infection on three cattle farms on the north coast of Colombia. PMID- 3148274 TI - Peste des Petits Ruminants and cost effectiveness of its prevention in Niger. PMID- 3148276 TI - Study of the effectiveness of the department's health management plan for dairy herds. PMID- 3148277 TI - An economic analysis of foot and mouth disease policy options--problems and opportunities. PMID- 3148278 TI - A cost effectiveness study on the vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the Federal Republic of Germany. PMID- 3148279 TI - Congenital abnormalities in two sibs exposed to valproic acid in utero. AB - Neural tube, craniofacial, and other congenital abnormalities have been described in infants born to mothers with epilepsy who were treated with valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy. The pathogenetic relationship between the congenital abnormalities and exposure to VPA is not clear. We describe 3 sibs born to a mother with epilepsy. Only the 2 sibs who were exposed to VPA in utero had certain of the characteristic craniofacial changes described in previous reports of children with similar exposure. In addition, the 2 affected children had other craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities which have not been reported previously as teratogenic sequelae of VPA exposure. Many of the minor anomalies present in the 2 affected patients resemble those observed in rhesus monkeys exposed to VPA in utero. This suggests that the abnormalities observed in the 2 children may have been a consequence of intrauterine exposure to VPA. PMID- 3148280 TI - The fetal valproate syndrome. PMID- 3148281 TI - Effect of autogenic bacterial antigens on the production of histamine releasing factor by mononuclear cells from intrinsic asthmatic patients. AB - The production of histamine releasing factor (HRF) by mononuclear cells (MNC) from intrinsic asthmatic patients has previously been reported. In this study, we investigated the effect of preincubation of lymphocytes with autogenic killed bacteria upon the production of HRF. Bacteria were isolated from the sputum, and nasopharyngeal swab obtained from patients and control subjects. MNC from intrinsic asthmatics and healthy controls were preincubated with killed bacteria for 4 h, then washed and cultured for 18 h. HRF activity of the cell-free supernatants was assayed in the histamine release test using basophils from normal subjects. We found that MNC from the patients spontaneously produce significant amounts of HRF. Preincubation of the cells with autogenic bacterial antigens enhanced HRF production in 12 of 25 patients and only in one of 15 control subjects. No specific bacterial strain was identified as having the sole stimulatory property for HRF production; rather, individual susceptibility predisposes to the ability to produce HRF in response to some common bacteria. When MNC from healthy subjects were preincubated with bacterial antigens isolated from the patients, no enhancement in HRF production was observed. We concluded that MNC from some intrinsic asthmatics are specifically sensitized to certain bacterial antigens and release HRF upon contact with these antigens. PMID- 3148283 TI - Multidisc RAST: a reliable method for screening of specific IgE antibodies in serum? AB - "Multidiscs" (md) are cellulose discs to which several allergens are coupled, allowing the simultaneous screening of several specific IgE antibodies. We compared RAST performed with md to RAST performed with the corresponding individual allergens coated on single discs (sd). One hundred and twenty-two RAST positive samples were analyzed for four different allergen groups: moulds, cereals, weed pollens and tree pollens. We found lower RAST sensitivity when screening with mds than with the individual sds in all allergen groups except cereals. In 30 to 70% of the samples, the results were concordant. In 25.5 to 66.7%, md values were lower and in 1.3 to 26.3% higher than sd values. When only qualitative results were considered, the loss of sensitivity appeared acceptable: only 6.7 to 16.7% of the sd positive samples were not detected by md screening. A cost-benefit analysis, calculated on local data, confirmed economic advantages. PMID- 3148282 TI - Does the effect of immunotherapy last after termination of treatment? Follow-up study in patients with grass pollen rhinitis. AB - In a previous study, 39 adults with grass pollen allergy were hyposensitized for approximately 2 1/2 years. Treatment was performed in a double-blind fashion with extract made from timothy grass--either Alutard SQ 20-component extract or a purified 2-component extract, including only the two major allergens Phl p V and VI. Standardized symptom + medicine scores and challenge tests demonstrated a clinical effect, most markedly in the group receiving 20-component extract. Six years after termination of treatment, 38 patients could be approached and 16 in each group were examined and repeated symptoms scoring during the subsequent season. When adjustment for variations in pollen counts were made, medicine + symptom scores stayed low during the follow-up period. Specific IgE-antibodies against timothy showed an increase to initial values during the same period, whereas total IgE antibodies remained low. Skin prick test reactions with timothy allergen tended to increase but were still smaller than before treatment. Retrospectively, the patients reported symptoms to have stabilized or even further decreased after termination of treatment, with no significant difference between groups. In conclusion, the clinical effect was still present more than 6 years after termination of treatment. Some in vitro parameters tended to return to pretreatment level. The spontaneous course of the disease in non hyposensitized patients was not investigated. PMID- 3148284 TI - Evaluation of a multigas anaesthetic monitor: the Datex Capnomac. AB - A laboratory investigation was carried out to evaluate the performance of the Datex Capnomac multigas anaesthetic agent analyser, with particular emphasis on accuracy, response and delay times, zero and gain stability and interference from water vapour. The analysis of anaesthetic vapours was less accurate than the analysis of CO2, O2 and N2O, but acceptable for clinical use. The response to square wave changes in gas composition was accurate at frequencies up to 60 per minute for CO2 and 30 per minute for O2, but with N2O and the anaesthetic vapours there was a decrease in accuracy at frequencies above 20 breaths/minute. The instrument appeared to be unaffected by water vapour. PMID- 3148285 TI - Total parenteral nutrition and respiratory failure. PMID- 3148287 TI - The combined use of noradrenaline, amrinone and nitroglycerin in the management of severe low cardiac output after coronary artery surgery. PMID- 3148286 TI - A comparison of alfentanil requirements in European and Asian patients during general anaesthesia. AB - Alfentanil requirements were compared in thirty-six Asian and forty-three European patients during general anaesthesia with muscle relaxants. Alfentanil infusion at 5 micrograms/kg/min was started immediately after induction with thiopentone and alcuronium. The infusion rate was reduced to 0.5 microgram/kg/min after ten minutes. An incremental dose of 5 micrograms/kg/min for five minutes was given on each occasion when anaesthesia was clinically judged to be inadequate. Recovery parameters were recorded. Pharmacokinetics were also studied in five Europeans, four Chinese and four Nepalese. The dosage of alfentanil required was comparable in both Asian and European patients, but recovery was slower in the Asian patients. The elimination half-life in the Chinese and the Nepalese were both significantly shorter than that of the Europeans (P less than 0.05), but at the time of recovery of spontaneous ventilation, the mean plasma concentrations were not significantly different. PMID- 3148288 TI - Domiciliary use of nasopharyngeal intubation for obstructive sleep apnoea in a child with mucopolysaccharidosis. PMID- 3148289 TI - [Treatment of refractory status convulsivus with chlormethiazole]. AB - A 5 years old girl with status epilepticus refractory to treatment with Diphenylhydantoin at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day and Thiopental in continuous IV perfusion at a dose of 4 mg/kg/h is presented. Control of status was achieved by continuous IV perfusion of Chlormethiazole at a dose of 10 mg/kg/h which also caused respiratory depression. Seizure activity reappeared after IV perfusion of Chlormethiazole was retired, and could be controlled only with Sodium Valproate. Mechanisms of action of Chlormethiazole and its effectiveness in treatment of refractory status epilepticus are revised. PMID- 3148290 TI - [What is the cause of acquired ciliary hypertrichosis in AIDS?]. PMID- 3148291 TI - Reactivation of a residual Brucella abortus 19 vaccine infection in mice by a virulent challenge or by injection of brucellin or of Brucella lipopolysaccharide. AB - Facultative intracellular bacteria localize preferentially in reticulo endothelial system organs where they can either multiply or be destroyed, concomitantly or successively. Immunity may thus be estimated by counts of viable (surviving) bacteria at convenient time(s) after a standard challenge. When mice vaccinated with the living attenuated Brucella abortus strain 19 were intravenously challenged with the virulent B abortus strain 544, some mice exhibited unexpected high spleen counts. The vaccinal strain surviving at low level in some mice 30 days after a subcutaneous vaccination was reactivated by the virulent challenge as evidenced by a fast but temporary count increase. Reactivation was stronger in outbred OF 1 mice than in outbred CD-1 mice. Reactivation did not alter the normal course of the virulent infection as shown by comparison between mice already cured of the vaccinal infection or not, at time of challenge. Because reactivation was also induced by intravenous injection of either the brucellin allergen or the brucella lipopolysaccharide antigen, hypersensitivity reactions occurring inside the vaccinal granuloma foci may expel the surviving bacteria into the surrounding extracellular environment where a secondary growth may develop. PMID- 3148292 TI - Characteristics of a nitrogen-fixing methanotroph, Methylocystis T-1. AB - A methane-oxidizing bacterium capable of nitrogen fixation was isolated from soil taken from an area which leaked methane gas. Strain T-1 was a catalase and oxidase-positive, gram-negative straight rod-shaped strictly aerobic bacterium which formed lipid cysts and type II intracytoplasmic membranes. The organism was a microaerophilic nitrogen-fixing methanotroph. Strain T-1 is considered to be classified into Methylocystis. The organism evolved hydrogen gas when grown in the nitrogen-free medium of atmospheric oxygen concentrations of 1.5% or more. Below this level, however, hydrogen gas was not evolved. In addition to methanol, formaldehyde and formate, ethanol, acetate and hydrogen gas served as oxidizable substrates for the acetylene reduction test. H2-stimulated nitrogenase activity was limited in a very narrow range of oxygen concentration and not detected at 2% O2. With acetate as the substrate, however, about an 80% of the maximum acetylene reduction activity was detected at 2% O2. These results suggest that strain T-1 is capable of recycling the hydrogen gas evolved during nitrogen fixation under low partial pressures of O2. PMID- 3148293 TI - Low- and intermediate-copy-number cloning vectors based on the Pseudomonas plasmid pVS1. AB - The cloning vector pME290 (6.8 kb), which is derived from the Pseudomonas plasmid pVS1 and has about 7 copies, was mutagenized in vitro to provide derivatives with altered copy numbers. Thus, pME292 (about 1-3 copies) and pME294 (about 15-20 copies) were isolated. These vectors were used in the characterization of the P. aeruginosa argF gene encoding ornithine carbamoyltransferase. PMID- 3148294 TI - Domino transplants. Sequential heart and heart-lung transplantation. PMID- 3148295 TI - Developing an efficient inventory control system. PMID- 3148296 TI - Developing a multidimensional turnover prevention program. PMID- 3148297 TI - [Oral chemoprophylaxis with ftorafur against the recurrence of superficial bladder tumors]. PMID- 3148298 TI - [Hepatobiliary changes during exclusive parenteral feeding in infants with severe diarrhea]. AB - In order to specify the factors responsible for the hepatic changes occurring during total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and to propose a preventive treatment, 30 infants treated for severe protracted diarrhea were prospectively distributed into 4 groups: I (n = 10): controls; II (n = 7): oral administration of human milk since the 15th day of TPN; III (n = 5): oral metronidazole since the 15th day; IV (n = 8): parenteral antibiotic therapy for septicemia since the 1st day. Contrary to group IV, the first 3 groups were randomly constituted on the 15th day. Liver function tests, bile and serum biliary acids, duodenal flora, hepato biliary ultrasonography and, in 12 cases, liver histology were sequentially studied. Liver function changes were observed on the 15th day in all groups. An improvement occurred 15 days later in the infants treated, when the control group worsened (p less than 0.02). A significant increase of bile chenodeoxycholic acid levels was observed in the control group only (p less than 0.01), without change in lithocholic acid levels. These results lead the authors to recommend the preventive use of metronidazole or human milk during prolonged TPN in infants. PMID- 3148299 TI - Shedding of Fc receptor from mononuclear cells and their ability of binding IgG1 and IgG3 anti-Rh/D antibodies. AB - Fc receptors for IgG1 and IgG3 on peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes were studied before and after temperature shift from 4-37 degrees C. The investigations were performed in the EA test using human erythrocytes sensitized with anti-Rh/D/antibodies of IgG1 (EA IgG1) and IgG3 (EA IgG3) subclasses. It occurred that lymphocytes and monocytes were able to bind IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies before and after shedding, however, lower percentage of rosette was observed after temperature shift. This decrease was similar in the EAIgG1 and EAIgG3 tests. The supernatants obtained during shedding occurred to contain active Fc receptors since the inhibition of rosette formation was obtained after the incubation of sensitized erythrocytes with these supernatants. IgG1 as well as IgG3 myeloma proteins inhibited rosette formation in both EAIgG1 and EAIgG3 tests. Our data might suggest that IgG1 and IgG3 anti-D antibodies are able to bind to the same Fc receptor on lymphocytes as well as on monocytes. PMID- 3148300 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies in patients with haemophilia and other inheritable blood clotting disorders in south west Poland (Lower Silesia region). AB - In order to determine the frequency of HIV antibodies among patients with haemophilia and other inheritable blood clotting disorder in the Lower Silesia region of South-West Poland, we examined a representative fraction comprising 106 patients from a cohort of 302 blood clotting disorder patients. The methods used for detecting HIV antibodies were an ELISA, the immunoblotting test ("Western blot") and an indirect immunofluorescence test. 8 patients were reactive in the ELISA, but only 2 (1.9%) patients were truly seropositive by the confirmation tests. Both patients have received imported commercial factor VIII preparation. Totally 17 patients have been treated with imported factor VIII, thus 12% (95% confidence limits: 1.5-36.5%) of these were seropositive. This figure, which is lower than figures obtained from the USA and Western Europe, is probably due to far less intensive treatment of the patients. None (95% confidence limits: 0 4.1%) of the patients solely treated with blood transfusion and locally produced preparation was HIV antibody positive. These results indicate a low prevalence of HIV infection in this region of Poland but are, on the other hand, a strong argument for an introduction of HIV antibody screening of blood donors to maintain these favourable condition. PMID- 3148302 TI - Microbiological profile of the cervix in 1,000 sexually active women. AB - One thousand consecutive women who attended the Richmond Family Planning Association Clinic and who were to undergo a vaginal examination were asked to participate in a large prospective microbiological study. Participants were questioned about their sexual activity during the previous 12 months and any apparent signs of sexually transmitted disease. On examination the cervix was inspected for evidence of inflammation, ectopy or discharge and cervical swabs were taken microbiological assessment. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated in 5.1% of women tested while Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis were found in 48.8% and 16.4% of women respectively. Significant associations were found between the number of sexual partners during the previous 12 months and the incidence of all 3 organisms. The carriage rate of the genital mycoplasmas was significantly affected by the type of contraception. In addition the association between the presence of the genital mycoplasmas and pelvic and cervical abnormalities was determined. PMID- 3148301 TI - [A critical analysis of experimental models of alcoholic cardiomyopathy]. AB - Numerous experimental data on alcoholic cardiomyopathy were reviewed and classified basing on the mode of alcohol taking: 1) voluntary alcoholization; 2) semivoluntary alcoholization; 3) forced introduction of alcohol. The advantages and shortcomings of the methods in similating alcoholic cardiomyopathy were assessed. Efforts were made to identify the underlying pathogenetic factors of the disease. The most perfect simulation was achieved in liquid alcohol diet (semivoluntary model) combined with inhibition of the defence enzymes of the myocardium, for instance, inhibition of catalase activity. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy is shown to develop more rapidly in high doses of ethanol and long lasting alcoholization. PMID- 3148303 TI - [Location of the initiating codon AUG in relation to the 5'-end of mRNA mediates the effectiveness of translation in E. coli cells]. AB - A semisynthetic gene for beta-galactosidase (lacZ) and a synthetic DNA fragment containing the "ideal" promoter sequence were used for construction of an artificial operon including translation initiation codon ATG and no SD sequence. Cloning this artificial operon into pBR322 vector resulted in a number of pV plasmids; ATG positions were varied by insertions of synthetic oligonucleotides between lacZ coding sequence and starting point of transcription. It was found that efficiency of beta-galactosidase synthesis in E. coli cells harbouring pV plasmids strongly depended on the relative position of AUG and mRNA 5'-end. High level of the synthesis was provided by translation of mRNA with AUG codon in 5' terminal position. Amounts of synthesized beta-galactosidase diminished with increase of the distance (2, 4, and 5 nucleotides) between 5'-end of lacZ mRNA and AUG codon. PMID- 3148304 TI - Retro-peritoneal haemorrhage presenting as hip pain. PMID- 3148305 TI - In vivo liver and lung targeting of adriamycin encapsulated in glutaraldehyde treated murine erythrocytes. AB - Treatment of adriamycin-loaded erythrocytes from B6D2F1 mice with 0.1% glutaraldehyde produced the following effects: a considerable decrease in the in vitro leakage of the unmodified drug and a selective liver (and, to a lesser extent, lung) uptake of the encapsulated drug (70% of the injected dose) compared to drug leakage from, and tissue distribution of, carrier erythrocytes not treated with glutaraldehyde. The liver vascular bed was not saturated by five daily intravenous injections of 20 microliters of glutaraldehyde-treated erythrocytes, which allows a total dosage of 200 micrograms of the drug (half the LD50 value) to be administered. No appreciable liver damage results from extensive and prolonged uptake of glutaraldehyde-treated carrier erythrocytes. Entrapment of adriamycin within erythrocytes along with glutaraldehyde treatment of the carrier cells seems to be a promising therapeutic strategy against liver (and lung) tumors. PMID- 3148306 TI - htpR-like gene controls cell division and proteolysis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - As shown in hybridization experiments, the genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells contains a htpR-like gene which controls the expression of heat shock genes in cells of Escherichia coli. By means of specially constructed plasmids, the synthesis of htpR antisense RNA has been found to disturb cell division and proteolytic processes in P. aeruginosa, suggesting the functional relationship of htpR genes in E. coli and Pseudomonas bacteria. PMID- 3148307 TI - [The genetics of noncoronarogenic lesions of the heart muscle]. PMID- 3148308 TI - [The advantageous effects of a prolonged intravenous load with a nitroglycerin solution on the lesser circulation in patients with chronic heart failure]. AB - To evaluate the sequence of hemodynamic changes and the potential loss of efficacy of i.v. 24-hour nitroglycerin (NTG) infusion at constant rate we studied 15 NYHA III Class patients. NTG infusion, titrated to reduce pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PWP) less than 15 mm Hg, was continued for 24 hours at mean rate of 144 +/- 16 (50-250) micrograms/min. Hemodynamic data were monitored every 3 hours. Acute changes were pronounced and significant in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), peak V-wave of indirect left atrial pressure, right atrial pressure (RAP), mean blood pressure (mBP), and heart rate (HR). Significant attenuation of these effects was registered by the 9th hour. RAP rose already by the 6th hour. From the 9th to the 24th hour PWP, mPAP, peak V-wave remained significantly decreased, but not mBP and RAP. HR rose during hours 9-12 in comparison to hours 0-3 and to the 21st hour. The data show rapid development of tolerance of systemic (but not pulmonary) vascular beds to NTG. PMID- 3148310 TI - The economic situation of older Americans: emerging wealth and continuing hardship. PMID- 3148309 TI - First clinical case-report (1980-88) of cancer chemoprevention with beta-carotene plus canthaxanthin supplemented to patients after radical treatment. PMID- 3148311 TI - Convergence, institutionalization, and bifurcation: gender and the pension acquisition process. PMID- 3148312 TI - Gender and ethnicity differences in psychological well-being. AB - Are there significant gender and racial differences in disorder among older adults? This chapter has shown that the answer to this question is not straightforward. There are at least two reasons why a definitive answer cannot be provided at this time. First, researchers confront formidable problems in the measurement of psychological and psychiatric disorder. Measures must be developed that are appropriate for use with older women and minority group members. Moreover, investigators must make an effort to assess a complete range of specific types of disorder in the same study. As such studies are conducted, it is likely that no one group will emerge with consistently higher rates of disorder. Instead, we may find that disorder is simply manifest in different ways across the various social-status groups. Researchers must also adopt a conceptual framework that is capable of directing our thinking beyond simple models that merely assess the direct effects of race and gender on disorder. Variables such as gender and race must be recognized as relatively crude proxy measures for the experiences confronting elderly women and nonwhites. The life-stress perspective represents a useful conceptual scheme that can focus attention on those specific experiences in lower-status life that create psychological and psychiatric disorder. PMID- 3148313 TI - Better options for work and retirement: some suggestions for improving economic security mechanisms for old age. AB - After identifying the income security system as a tripod structure symbolizing the efforts of the individual, the employer, and the government, the first section of this chapter suggested that economic security is a broader concept than income security, since a person is concerned not only with the acquisition of income and assets but also with the retention and disposal of them. Factors such as health care expenditures, housing and living arrangements, service delivery, and support networks affect income and asset retention. Both acquisition and retention of income and assets, furthermore, are influenced by macroeconomic policies. This section also discussed the possibility that the role of the individual in providing economic security may be underestimated. In the second section, the heterogeneity of older persons was demonstrated in terms of both income sources and the relative importance of these sources to persons in different income classes. Social Security declines in importance as income level rises, whereas assets and employment as sources of income increase with income levels. Occupational pensions are of minimal importance to persons in the lowest income class. Though more important to persons in the higher-income classes, occupational pensions as a proportion to their total income lie between 10% and 20% for these groups. By definition, public assistance is important only to the lowest-income class. During the last two decades, the relative importance of these income sources has changed, as pointed out in the third section, which also speculated on their future roles. The fourth section proposed possible ways of improving the five income security mechanisms: to provide more child-care credit for women under Social Security, to strengthen portability under private pension plans, to make IRAs more accessible and more meaningful for retirement purposes, to enhance the role of employment for adults, and to raise SSI so as to eliminate poverty. The chapter concluded by emphasizing that, without accessible and adequately financed health care, few persons will feel economically secure with the incomes they have. PMID- 3148314 TI - Planning long-term care for heterogeneous older populations. PMID- 3148315 TI - Insuring long-term care. PMID- 3148316 TI - Differential gerontology and the stratified life course: conceptual and methodological issues. PMID- 3148317 TI - The changing and heterogeneous nature of aging and longevity: a social and biomedical perspective. PMID- 3148318 TI - A different perspective on health and health services utilization. PMID- 3148319 TI - Differential effect of benzamide on NAD+ content and the frequency of chromatid aberrations in X-irradiated L5178Y-R and L5178Y-S cells. AB - The effect of treatment with benzamide, an inhibitor of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosyl polymerase (ADPRP) was studied in cells of two strains of L5178Y (LY) murine lymphoma exposed to ionizing radiation. Continuous 2 mmol/l benzamide (Bz) treatment increased the frequency of chromatid aberrations in the radiation sensitive LY-S strain, but not in the resistant LY-R strain. This result is in agreement with the previously found, enhanced by Bz, killing effect of roentgen irradiation in LY-S cells. Also, the decrease in the cellular NAD+ content in these cells after irradiation was more pronounced than in LY-R cells; this may indicate an increased ADPRP activity upon infliction of DNA damage, or a difference in poly(ADP-ribose) turnover. PMID- 3148320 TI - Sequence homologies, hydrophobic profiles and secondary structures of cathepsins B, H and L: comparison with papain and actinidin. AB - The comparison of the amino acid sequences of 5 cysteine proteinases: papain, actinidin, rat cathepsins B and H and chicken cathepsin L, demonstrates a striking homology among their sequences. The N-terminal region (residues 1-70 in papain) and C-terminal region (residues 118-212 in papain) display the highest sequence homologies, whereas the lowest sequence homologies are observed in the middle region (residues 71-117 in papain); a segment where most insertions/deletions are observed. The highest sequence homology is observed between rat cathepsin H and chicken cathepsin L. As shown by X-ray studies, papain and actinidin have a clearly defined double domain structure. Each domain contains a core of non-polar side chains, which are retained in cathepsins B, H and L, except for the non-polar residue 203 of the core which is replaced by glutamic acid in cathepsin B. The percentage and the location of alpha-helix and beta-sheets of cathepsins B, H and L, assessed using the methods of Garnier et al. (1978, J. Mol. Biol. 120, 97-120) and Chou and Fasman (1974, Biochemistry 13, 222-245), show that the main ordered structures in papain and actinidin are probably retained in cathepsins B, H and L. The differences observed occur essentially in the middle region, a place where sequences display the lowest homologies and which is far removed from the active site. PMID- 3148321 TI - Evidence for a translation-mediated attenuation of a spinach chloroplast rDNA operon. AB - The presence of potential hairpin structures H1, H2, H3 in the leader region of a spinach rDNA operon led us to postulate that this operon is regulated by premature termination. The mechanism would be controlled by the presence or absence of ribosomes translating a leader peptide. In vitro synchronized transcription by E. coli RNA polymerase shows that pauses do occur in the leader region. By their sizes, the transient transcripts could correspond to pauses on H1 and H2 as predicted by the model in the absence of ribosomes. The complete leader sequence (pKOPH) and the leader sequence with the hairpin structures deleted (pKOP) have been used to the GalK gene in the pK01 plasmid. The resulting plasmids have been used to transform a GalK- E. coli strain. Measurements of GalK expression show that the promoter region of spinach chloroplast rDNA is neither subjected to the growth rate nor to the stringent control. However, under growth conditions leading to an excess of free ribosomes, the expression of GalK gene appears systematically to be reduced in pKOPH when compared with that of pKOP. These results are consistent with a role of the leader region in a translation mediated attenuation of the chloroplast rDNA expression. PMID- 3148323 TI - One-step affinity purification of urease from jack beans. AB - Jack bean (Canivalia ensiformis) urease (EC3.5.1.5) was purified in one-step by ligand affinity chromatography using epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B-urea. The yield of the purified enzyme was about 80% with a specific activity of about 500 U/mg of protein. The enzyme was apparently homogeneous when analyzed by SDS-PAGE and native PAGE. The protein band on native PAGE coincided with the stained band of urease activity. The affinity column could be regenerated and reused several times without any loss of binding capacity and resolution. Affinity gels containing either acetamide or semicarbazide as affinity ligands were also found to be useful for the isolation of urease. PMID- 3148324 TI - Purification and properties of peroxidase from Pinus pinaster needles. AB - Peroxidase (Ec 1.11.1.7) was purified from needles of Pinus pinaster to apparent homogeneity by DE-52 cellulose chromatography with a final recovery of enzyme activity of about 85%. The purified enzyme (A402/A275 = 1.05) had a specific activity of about 948 U/mg of protein and ran as a single protein band both on SDS-PAGE and native PAGE with Mr of 37,000 and 151,000, respectively. Both native PAGE and isoelectric focusing gels of the purified enzyme were stained for activity which coincided with the protein band. The pI of the purified enzyme was found to be 3.2 by isoelectric focusing on an ultrathin polyacrylamide gel. The enzyme has an optimum pH of activity of 5.0 and temperature optimum of 30 degrees C. Stability studies of the enzyme as a function of pH and temperature suggest that it is most stable at pH 5.0 and 0-40 degrees C, respectively. PMID- 3148325 TI - Selective in vivo tumor localization of heptacarboxylic porphyrin isomer I in a bladder tumor model: a novel technique to modulate porphyrin localization. AB - We were the first to report that uroporphyrin isomer I is a superior tumor localizer when compared with hematoporphyrin derivative. In the present study, we have examined the tumor localization of heptacarboxylic porphyrin isomer I (hepta P) using a bladder tumor model. We have also compared it to that found with uroporphyrin isomer I (Uro-P). We now show, for the first time, that (hepta-P) isomer I can be selectively retained in bladder malignant cells, a novel observation which has not yet been described by other investigators. Furthermore, we have provided a novel technique to modulate and manipulate blood protein binding to porphyrin in a controlled manner, such that the tumor localization properties can be effectively utilized without prolonged retention in the skin and to produce high uptake in the tumor, i.e., a higher therapeutic ratio. The biodistribution of hepta-P in different organs is presented. PMID- 3148322 TI - The gonadotrope polypeptide (GP 87) released from pituitary cells under luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone stimulation is a secretogranin II form. AB - Cultured gonadotrope cells from 14 day old female rat pituitaries have been shown to release a highly acidic protein when incubated with LHRH: the gonadotrope polypeptide (GP 87). Moreover, a new tyrosine-sulfated acidic protein, secretogranin II (Sg II), clearly distinct from the chromogranin species, was described in the secretory granule matrix of endocrine cells secreting peptide hormones by the regulated pathway. Recently, the release of Sg II from female rat pituitary stimulated by LHRH was demonstrated in vitro. Several physicochemical (Mr; pI) and biological (cellular localization in the pituitary; LHRH-stimulated release) properties are common to Sg II and GP 87. To verify if these 2 polypeptides are similar or distinct components, other physicochemical characteristics (heat-stability, sulfation, phosphorylation) were compared using isotope incorporation followed by either 1- or 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Furthermore, the similarity of GP 87 to Sg II was studied by immunoblotting on nitrocellulose sheets following electrophoresis of intracellular and secreted proteins. Antisera raised against bovine Sg II (extracted from whole pituitaries) and against rat GP 87 (released into the medium of cultured pituitary cells stimulated by LHRH) were used. The overall data presented here suggest that GP 87 is the Sg II form contained in, and released by, gonadotrope cells. PMID- 3148326 TI - Purification and properties of cytochrome P-450 from Moraxella sp. AB - A cytochrome P-450 has been purified to homogeneity from a Moraxella species that is able to grow on guaiacol as the sole source of carbon and energy. The pure cytochrome was a monomeric protein of about 52 kDa, with no catalytic activity towards guaiacol. The difference in mM extinction coefficients between 450 and 490 nm in the CO-difference spectrum was 89.5 mM-1.cm-1. The typical shift of the Soret band from 415 to 390 nm that is attributed to the high-spin state of the cytochrome was observed in the presence of guaiacol and other 2-alkoxyphenols with up to 5 carbons in the side chain. It was also obtained with anisole. The maximum difference in mM extinction coefficients between 390 and 420 nm in the P 450 + ligand minus P-450 spectrum was 65 mM-1.cm-1 in all instances. The dissociation constants of the complexes formed between the pure protein and various O-alkoxyphenols were measured, and ranged from 0.1 microM (guaiacol) to 24 microM (2-butoxyphenol). The dissociation constants were 1 microM for anisole, and over 90 microM for phenol. Catechol induced no spectral change in cytochrome P-450 and appeared to be a weak inhibitor of guaiacol binding. The same spectral shift as induced by guaiacol was observed at high P-450 concentration over 1 microM in the absence of any added ligand and disappeared after dilution. The reduction of pure P-450 by dithionite was immediate, but became very slow, and was complete after 10 min or more at 25 degrees C in the presence of guaiacol. This effect was also obtained with the 2 isomers, 3- and 4-methoxyphenols, and with metyrapone, an inhibitor of guaiacol binding that induced the low-spin state. Preliminary experiments using the crude cell lysate or a reconstructed system with purified P-450 and a protein fraction indicated NADH-dependent guaiacol degradation. This was in agreement with the former hypothesis of Moraxella P-450 acting as a monooxygenase in the demethylation of guaiacol. However, cis, cis-muconate rather than catechol was obtained from the substrate, most likely a consequence of the potent catechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity present in the non-purified protein fractions used. PMID- 3148327 TI - The 24,000 Da subunit is not required for the RNA synthesis activity of chicken leukemia RNA polymerase II. AB - The partially purified RNA polymerase II from chicken leukemia cells (Chuang R. Y., Chuang L. F. & Israel M. (1986) Biochem. Pharmacol. 35, 1293-1297) contained multiple subunits with molecular masses (in Da) ranging from 220,000 to 24,000, as shown by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was further purified through phosphocellulose column and fractions containing the enzyme activity were collected and concentrated 400-fold through a microconcentrator. The microconcentrator contained a membrane with a molecular weight cutoff around 30,000 and, hence, removed the 24,000 Da polypeptide from the enzyme. It was found that the resulting enzyme retained all the catalytic activity as compared to the enzyme preparation before the concentration step, suggesting that the stoichiometric amount of the 24,000 Da polypeptide is not required for RNA synthesis activity with a denatured DNA template. PMID- 3148328 TI - Improved purification and properties of glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis. AB - Glucose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.47) from Bacillus subtilis was purified about 5240-fold, using an aqueous two-phase system and triazine-dye affinity chromatography. The specific activity of the purified preparation was about 460 units/mg of protein with a final recovery of enzyme activity of about 75%. The affinity column could be regenerated and reused again several times. The purified enzyme appeared to be homogeneous when analyzed both on SDS-PAGE and native PAGE. The protein band on native PAGE coincided with the activity stain. ATP acts apparently as a competitive inhibitor for this enzyme with respect to NAD and protects the enzyme from dissociation into partially inactive dimers. In the absence of either glycerol or ATP, the enzyme dissociates into partially inactive dimers. PMID- 3148329 TI - Evidence for a role of a vicinal dithiol in the transport of gamma-butyrobetaine in Agrobacterium sp. AB - An Agrobacterium sp. isolated from soil is able to use gamma-butyrobetaine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The involvement of thiol groups for active transport of gamma-butyrobetaine was investigated by use of the thiol alkylating reagent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and the dithiol specific reagent phenylarsine oxide (PAO). Both reagents strongly inhibited gamma-butyrobetaine uptake, but also induced the release of the accumulated substrate, suggesting that the transport system either contains a dithiol-dependent protein or that a small thiol-containing molecule is implicated in the uptake phenomenon. PMID- 3148330 TI - In vitro effect of caffeine on some aspects of nitrogen metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Long-term exposure to high doses of caffeine affects several aspects of nitrogen metabolism, such as purine, pyrimidine and urea synthesis. However, little is known about the mechanisms of these changes and if they occur at shorter term. We have studied in isolated hepatocytes: 1) the in vitro effect of high doses of caffeine on amino acid levels, 2) the main destination of ammonia and carbon chains from amino acid catabolism, and 3) the cytosolic and mitochondrial redox states. We have found that, whereas it has a small effect on urea synthesis and on the levels of the cofactors and intermediates, it decreases the levels of several amino acids, the gluconeogenesis and the redox state. Our results suggest that a longer exposure to caffeine is necessary to affect the normal functions of some metabolic pathways. PMID- 3148332 TI - Fluvoxamine and weight loss. PMID- 3148331 TI - Identification of the primary translation product of the sex steroid-binding protein from monkey liver mRNA in a cell-free system. AB - The synthesis of monkey (Macaca fascicularis) Sex steroid-Binding Protein (mSBP) in a wheat germ cell-free system in response to liver RNA was demonstrated by use of a specific antiserum raised against purified native human SBP. Antibodies precipitate a single translation product behaving as a 42 kDa protein in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Western blots of monkey sera subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunorevelation show that the native mSBP migrates as 2 molecular species (50 and 53 kDa) present in the approximate ratio of 1:10, respectively. The difference in apparent molecular weights of the primary translation product and the reduced mature mSBP may represent glycosylation that occurs post translationally. We describe for the first time the biosynthesis of mSBP at the molecular level and suggest that both components of mSBP derive from a common differentially processed precursor. Its mRNA is poorly represented, since the neosynthesized mSBP represents about 0.005% of the total proteins encoded by liver mRNA. PMID- 3148333 TI - Nonparametric methods for analyzing incomplete nondecreasing repeated measurements. AB - In comparing the effectiveness of two treatments, suppose that nondecreasing repeated measurements of the same characteristic are scheduled to be taken over a common set of time points for each study subject. A class of univariate one-sided global asymptotically distribution-free tests is proposed to test the equality of the two treatments. The test procedures allow different patterns of missing observations in the two groups to be compared, although the missing data mechanism is required to be independent of the observations in each treatment group. Test-based point and interval estimators of the global treatment difference are given. Multiple inference procedures are also provided to examine the time trend of treatment differences over the entire study. The proposed methods are illustrated by an example from a bladder cancer study. PMID- 3148334 TI - Markov regression models for time series: a quasi-likelihood approach. AB - This paper discusses a quasi-likelihood (QL) approach to regression analysis with time series data. We consider a class of Markov models, referred to by Cox (1981, Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 8, 93-115) as "observation-driven" models in which the conditional means and variances given the past are explicit functions of past outcomes. The class includes autoregressive and Markov chain models for continuous and categorical observations as well as models for counts (e.g., Poisson) and continuous outcomes with constant coefficient of variation (e.g., gamma). We focus on Poisson and gamma data for illustration. Analogous to QL for independent observations, large-sample properties of the regression coefficients depend only on correct specification of the first conditional moment. PMID- 3148336 TI - World economy: how much can we afford to spend on medical research? PMID- 3148335 TI - Analysis of steric partition behavior of molecules in membranes using statistical physics. Application to gel chromatography and electrophoresis. AB - The principles of statistical physics are used to formulate general expressions for the steric partition behavior of molecules in both random and ordered membrane structures that may be applied to any shape of the solute and/or the volume-excluding element of the membrane. These expressions fully define partitioning in terms of the volume excluded to point molecules and to finite sized molecules. The mean effective exclusion volume for a molecule is calculated as a function of a global interaction energy, which varies with position, conformation, and orientation of the molecule. It allows consideration of electrostatic and other nonsteric factors. To test the model, specific partition functions are derived for several simple geometries describing the membrane and solute. Frequently, the derived expressions agree with past analyses; however, a new expression describing partitioning within an random network of fibers is derived. It agrees with past results only in the limit of low exclusion volumes. With greater volume exclusions, past results greatly overestimate the partition function. It is applied to gel electrophoresis and chromatography and survives testing with available experimental data. Unlike past analyses, it predicts nonlinear Ferguson plots for agarose gel electrophoresis. In addition, an analytical expression predicting the minimum radius of a sphere excluded from a random fiber matrix is derived, tested, and found to agree with experimental data. PMID- 3148337 TI - Economics in clinical cancer research: methodology and assessment. AB - Methods used in the management of cancer disease need to be assessed in terms of their economic, social and ethical implications. Several methods for such assessments are discussed; screening for breast cancer is used as a case study. PMID- 3148339 TI - Distribution pattern and reduction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus) fillets through adipose tissue removal. PMID- 3148338 TI - Suppression of specific antibody production by inescapable shock: stability under varying conditions. AB - The effect of exposure to uncontrollable shock on the production of antibodies to a novel antigen, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), was studied in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Groups of rats were tested under one of four experimental conditions which included testing during either the light or dark portions of their light cycles and following either one or three daily exposures to tail shock. Control subjects were immunized with KLH in the absence of shock exposure during either the light or dark phases of their light cycle. A tertiary (memory) response was evoked 60 days following the initial immunization sequence in all animals in the absence of a shock exposure. Blood samples were obtained from the tip of the tail at the time of each immunization and at 1-week intervals for 3 weeks following immunizations. Specific IgG antibodies to KLH were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All animals exposed to shock showed reduced levels of IgG antibodies to KLH regardless of the experimental conditions of shock exposure. Antibody levels were highest among animals immunized during the dark phase of their cycle for both control and shocked animals. Antibody production to a novel antigen appears to be a robust and sensitive measure for studies of modulation of immunity by behavioral factors. PMID- 3148340 TI - Aflatoxin B1 induced hepatic neoplasia in Great Lakes coho salmon. PMID- 3148341 TI - Effect of assam crude on photosynthesis and associated electron transport system in Anabaena doliolum. PMID- 3148342 TI - Diflubenzuron application to citrus and its impact on invertebrates in an adjacent pond. PMID- 3148343 TI - Polychlorinated biphenyls in human amniotic fluid. PMID- 3148345 TI - Degradation of monomethylhydrazine by two soil bacteria. PMID- 3148344 TI - Polychlorinated biphenyls in residents around the River Krupa, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. PMID- 3148346 TI - Dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) does not inhibit bilirubin conjugation in the liver of rainbow trout. PMID- 3148347 TI - Toxic effects of mercuric chloride, methylmercuric chloride, and emisan 6 (an organic mercurial fungicide) on ovarian recrudescence in the catfish Clarias batrachus (L.). PMID- 3148349 TI - Enzymatic synthesis and chromatographic purification of lignan glucuronides. AB - Enterolactone, enterodiol and secoisolariciresinol were conjugated with glucuronic acid by solubilized rabbit liver microsomal UDP-glucuronyltrasnferase. The monoglucuronide conjugate of all three substrates was formed and its identity confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Analytical high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and NMR spectroscopy indicated conjugation with glucuronic acid to occur at several positions in the molecule. The enzymatic conjugation was monitored by analytical capillary isotachophoresis (ITP). The Km values for enterlactone, enterodiol, and secoisolariciresinol were calculated to be 0.30, 0.23, and 0.22 mmol/l respectively. PMID- 3148348 TI - Effect of hexachlorobenzene on growth and survival of various microorganisms. PMID- 3148350 TI - Fluorometric analysis of urinary chondroitin sulfate isomers by HPLC using dansylhydrazine as a prelabeling reagent. AB - Chondroitin sulfate isomers (ChS isomers) were digested with chondroitinase ABC, and the unsaturated disaccharides produced were converted into fluorescent dansylhydrazine derivatives and analyzed by HPLC. The proposed method was applied to the determination of relative amounts of ChS isomers in normal human urine and analytical results showed that chondroitin-6-sulfate and chondroitin-4-sulfate were excreted in large amounts. Moreover, this method was used for the identification of urinary ChS isomers which were extracted from a cellulose acetate strip after carrying out electrophoresis. PMID- 3148351 TI - Economics and infectious diseases in the academic medical center--the perspective of a chairman of medicine. PMID- 3148352 TI - The short-term metabolic effects of strenuous exercise in bodybuilders. PMID- 3148353 TI - Current practice in biliary surgery. AB - A questionnaire enquiring about current practices in biliary surgery was sent to over 25 per cent of consultant general surgeons in the UK; 90 per cent replied. Only 56 per cent use antibiotic prophylaxis for elective cholecystectomy, and 84 per cent for emergency cholecystectomy. Duration of use, choice of agent and absence of prophylaxis for high-risk cases were inappropriate in up to 20 per cent of cases. Of the respondents 84 per cent routinely perform operative cholangiography and use T tubes, and 75 per cent routinely place a peritoneal drain after cholecystectomy. Despite controversies in the literature, most UK surgeons still follow traditional practices in biliary surgery. PMID- 3148354 TI - Local thrombolytic therapy of acute peripheral arterial ischaemia with tissue plasminogen activator: a dose-ranging study. AB - Low-dose streptokinase has been established as an alternative to surgery in selected patients with acute peripheral arterial ischaemia. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is responsible for normal plasma fibrinolytic activity and has recently become available for clinical use owing to recombinant DNA technology. It has the theoretical advantage of fibrin specificity, which may result in enhanced thrombolytic effects with greater safety. Twenty-three patients with recent lower limb arterial occlusions received t-PA over a tenfold range of concentrations and five patients received low-dose streptokinase. One month after treatment with t-PA or streptokinase 19 (68 per cent) patients had limb salvage, five (18 per cent) had required amputations and four (14 per cent) had died. Systemic fibrinolytic effects were variable but basically dose related. Haemorrhage occurred most frequently at the highest t-PA concentration and was major in four (17 per cent) cases, including a fatal stroke. Plasma fibrinogen concentration fell below 1.2 gl-1 in five (22 per cent) patients who received t PA and was found to be a significant risk factor for haemorrhage, t-PA was an effective thrombolytic agent at all concentrations studied. The dose currently used in clinical studies at this institution is 0.5 mg h-1. PMID- 3148355 TI - Effect of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate on the survival of peripheral intravenous infusions: a double-blind prospective clinical study. AB - Phlebitis is the commonest complication of intravenous infusion. It has been suggested that it is initiated by venoconstriction at the infusion site, hence treatment with a vasodilator may reduce its incidence. We carried out a prospective double-blind controlled study of the effect of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate on the survival of peripheral intravenous infusions in 340 patients. Fifty-five per cent (94 out of 170) of the infusions failed in the control group compared with 19 per cent (33 out of 170) in the treatment group (chi 2 = 45, P less than 0.0005). The commonest cause of infusion failure was superficial phlebitis: 47 per cent in the control group and 17 per cent in the treatment group (chi 2 = 46, P less than 0.0005). The estimated median time of infusion survival was 74 h in the control group compared with 127 h in the treatment group (log rank chi 2 = 143, P less than 0.0001). We conclude that infusion phlebitis is a common problem in hospitalized patients and its incidence can be effectively reduced by transdermal glyceryl trinitrate. PMID- 3148356 TI - Neurofilament gene expression following beta,beta'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) intoxication. AB - beta,beta'-Iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) is an agent that produces a disorganization of the axonal cytoskeleton with massive accumulation of neurofilaments in the proximal axon. Abnormalities in axonal transport of neurofilament proteins and in their phosphorylation occur in this model. In this study we evaluated the gene expression of neurofilament and other cytoskeletal components at an early, intermediate and late stage of intoxication to determine whether this neuropathy is directly due to or secondarily affects the expression of these components. Specific cytoskeletal mRNA expression was evaluated in the spinal cords of rats treated with IDPN for varying durations using Northern analysis and in situ hybridization. Our results show no qualitative or quantitative alteration in the mRNA expression of the neurofilament triplet, alpha-tubulin, alpha-actin or glial fibrillary acidic protein. We conclude that abnormalities at various stages of cytoskeletal processing such as the early disorganization of the cytoskeleton, the impairment of neurofilament transport, and the long-term redistribution of neurofilaments along the axon are not directly due to, nor do they affect the gene expression of cytoskeletal components in IDPN neuropathy. PMID- 3148357 TI - Temporal lobe and petit mal antiepileptics differentially affect ventral lateral thalamic and motor cortex excitability patterns. AB - Evoked potential (EP) analysis of the somatomotor pathway in cats revealed that the temporal lobe anticonvulsant carbamazepine suppresses the thalamic relay, whereas the petit mal antiepileptic ethosuximide acts on the cortex. Moreover, a history of temporal lobe epilepsy (amygdala kindling) maximized thalamic response to carbamazepine, especially during sleep states vulnerable to generalized kindled seizures. Ethosuximide accentuated cortical response during sleep and awakening states vulnerable to generalized spike-wave complexes, regardless of a history of petit mal seizures (systemic penicillin epilepsy). The findings provide a neural basis for differential drug effects on generalized temporal lobe and petit mal epilepsy and further suggest that a chronic seizure disorder can create a predisposition for antiepileptic drug sensitivity. PMID- 3148358 TI - Spontaneous activity of type II but not type I striatal neurons is correlated with recovery of behavioral function after dopamine-depleting brain lesions. AB - The relation between the spontaneous firing of Type I striatal neurons and recovery of behavioral function after near-total dopamine depletions of the rat striatum was investigated. The results demonstrate that the activity of Type I neurons remains elevated in recovered animals, which contrasts with our previous finding that the firing rates of Type II striatal neurons return to normal levels in association with behavioral recovery. PMID- 3148359 TI - Modified assay for true and apparent metabolisable energy based on tube feeding. AB - 1. To improve the accuracy with which true metabolisable energy (TME) values of feedingstuffs are determined, a modification to the assay based on tube-feeding is proposed. 2. To ensure that the gastrointestinal tracts of the experimental birds are as empty as possible at the start of the assay it is recommended that the normal food is withdrawn 48 h before tube-feeding. 3. In order to partly alleviate the effects of starvation, all birds are given two doses of 25 g glucose (as an aqueous solution) about 40 and 16 h before tube-feeding. Birds, from which endogenous energy losses are to be derived, are fed 50 g glucose rather than given no food. 4. All birds are given 50 ml water by tube about 32 h after feeding to overcome any effects induced by low water intake. 5. A comparison of the two procedures with 8 feedingstuffs showed that the mean coefficient of variation was reduced from 5.5% to 1.5% for TME and from 4.7% to 1.8% for TME. PMID- 3148361 TI - [Health policies confronting alternatives]. PMID- 3148362 TI - Induction of tyrosinase by L-methionine in Streptomyces antibioticus. AB - Investigations were carried out to establish conditions favorable for the formation of tyrosinase, an inducible metalloenzyme synthesized by Streptomyces antibioticus. It was determined that the size of the inoculum and age of the culture as well as the temperature of incubation were important factors for enzyme synthesis. Induction of tyrosinase by S. antibioticus appears to be specific for L-methionine with maximal enzyme synthesis observed at 0.1 mM. Addition of CuSO4 and D-glucose at the time of induction also are important for increased enzyme activity. Inhibition of tyrosinase synthesis was observed with actinomycin D, rifampicin, and chloramphenicol suggesting that both transcriptional and translational events are required for tyrosinase induction. PMID- 3148360 TI - Mutagenic activation of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]-quinoline (IQ) and 2-amino 3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]-quinoline (MeIQ) by subcellular fractions and cells isolated from small intestine, kidney and liver of the rat. AB - The mutagenic activity of the pyrolysis products 2-amino-3-methyl-imidazo[4,5-f] quinoline 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]-quinoline in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 using rat intestinal and renal subcellular fractions as activation systems was approximately 1 and 5 revertants per nmol, respectively. This was 1,000 times less than the activity with a subcellular fraction from rat liver. The mutagenic activity of both compounds was considerably increased using intestinal, renal and hepatic preparations isolated from PCB (Aroclor 1254)-pretreated rats, compared to preparations from control animals. In addition, both compounds displayed a moderate direct-acting mutagenic activity at concentrations above 10(-5) M. Isolated cells from small intestine, kidney and liver incubated in nucleopore chambers were able to convert both compounds into products which mutated bacteria outside the chambers. The concentrations of chemicals required to yield responses of a similar magnitude were approximately 3 orders of magnitude higher in the intestinal and renal systems compared to the hepatic system. The formation of metabolites mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium by hepatic subcellular and cellular systems was shown to be superior to the respective intestinal and renal systems. PMID- 3148364 TI - The Severity of Illness Index and laboratory testing. PMID- 3148365 TI - Deprenyl as prophylaxis against Parkinson's disease? PMID- 3148363 TI - Glucose metabolism in Xanthomonas campestris and influence of methionine on the carbon flow. AB - The glucose flow in Xanthomonas campestris was investigated with radio-labelled glucose and by enzymological studies. Only 7% of the radioactivity was incorporated into the cell material, but 41% was oxidized to carbon dioxide and 28% transformed to xanthan. Up to 16% of cell dry weight consisted of the polysaccharide glycogen. In the presence of 2.7 mM methionine, which is an inhibitor of xanthan formation, increased carbon dioxide formation (51%) occurred. This increase was in accordance with a twofold increase in the NAD dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase activity. The other carbon dioxide liberating enzyme, 6-P-gluconate dehydrogenase, was not influenced by methionine, but its occurrence indicates the presence of an active pentose phosphate pathway in X. campestris. Among the other enzymes detected in X. campestris was glucose dehydrogenase. The presence of this enzyme together with hexokinase indicates the operation of two different glucose metabolizing steps: one oxidative, the other phosphorylative. Only the latter directly provides phosphorylated glucose as a precursor for the activated sugars required for xanthan synthesis. PMID- 3148366 TI - Oral thyrotropin-releasing hormone treatment in inherited ataxias. AB - We studied the effectiveness of orally administered thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (40 mg/day) for 10 days against placebo in 11 patients with hereditary ataxias (HA). All patients completed the trial and none reported any noticeable side effects. A clinical rating scale for inherited ataxias and the Northwestern University Disability Scale for clinical disability showed no significant variation over the duration of the study. Manual dexterity, studied with the peg board test, showed a significant improvement after TRH compared with basal values, which persisted after washout. Eye movement alterations, as revealed by electroculography were reduced after TRH and washout when compared with placebo and basal scores. Hormonal monitoring showed only a transitory effect on the hypothalamus-hypophysis-thyroid axis. These results demonstrate that orally administered TRH has a mild but significant effect only on some cerebellar symptoms in HA. PMID- 3148368 TI - Hypomania in a patient receiving deprenyl (selegiline) after adrenal-striatal implantation for Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3148367 TI - Failure of high-dose intravenous magnesium sulfate to control myoclonic status epilepticus. AB - An unsuccessful attempt to terminate myoclonic status epilepticus with elevation of serum magnesium levels is described. During 3 days, serum magnesium was increased from 1.5 mEq/L to 14.2 mEq/L by continuous i.v. infusion of 3-6 g/h of magnesium sulfate. Other anticonvulsants were maintained at nearly constant levels. Cerebrospinal fluid magnesium was 3.5 mEq/L during the infusion. Despite magnesium-related neuromuscular blockade and accompanying cessation of visible myoclonus, the electroencephalogram revealed ongoing blunted sharp-wave activity at the baseline frequency. Transient complications of the infusion included prolongation of the PR interval on the electrocardiogram, hypomotility of the gastrointestinal tract, and peripheral muscle flaccidity, all of which resolved within 24 h of return to normal serum magnesium levels. These results suggest that the therapeutic role of magnesium in myoclonic status epilepticus is limited. PMID- 3148369 TI - Long-term care of the elderly. A descriptive study of 3600 institutionalized patients in the county of Vasterbotten, Sweden. AB - Probands (n = 3607) living in long-term care institutions in the county of Vasterbotten were assessed to estimate whether the prevalence of dementia in different types of institutions had changed since a similar survey was made 7 years before. The probands' motoric functions, vision, hearing, speech, prevalence of behavioral disturbances and psychiatric symptoms, work load and use of psychoactive drugs were also investigated with special emphasis on the differences between the demented and the non-demented. About 40% were demented. This proportion of demented patients had increased in somatic long-stay clinics, nursing homes and homes for the aged since 1975. Further, the mean age of the probands and their length of stay had increased in these institutions. Demented probands were more impaired with regard to motor functions, speech, vision, hearing, ADL-functions, behavioral and psychiatric symptoms, and they also imposed a higher work load on the staff than the non-demented. Demented probands were also prescribed psychoactive drugs, i.e. neuroleptics but not minor tranquilizers or antidepressants, more often than the non-demented in accordance with the increased prevalence of behavioral disturbances and psychiatric symptoms. PMID- 3148370 TI - Epidermal tissue homeostasis. III. Effect of hydrocortisone on cell pool size, cell birth rate and cell loss in normal toads and in toads deprived of the pars distalis of the pituitary gland. AB - It has previously been shown that in toad epidermis the cell birth rate (Kb) exceeds the rate of cell loss through moulting (Kd) and that the 'surplus' of cells seems to be removed in a controlled manner. Assuming that the epidermis is non-expanding, a Kb/Kd ratio greater than 1 indicates that cell deletion additional to desquamation takes place. In normal toads this ratio is 2-3. Following implantation of hydrocortisone pellets into intact toads (release rate, 18 micrograms/g toad/d), the Kb/Kd ratio, over a period of 14 d of hormone treatment, had increased to about 7, due mainly to an increased Kb and to a lesser extent to a decreased Kd. No change in the epidermal cell pool size had taken place. It was previously shown that, following removal of the pars distalis of the pituitary gland, the Kb/Kd ratio decreased with time, due to a decreasing Kb and an increasing Kd, eventually leading to a decreased epidermal cell pool size. In this paper it is shown that, in pars distalisectomized toads with hydrocortisone pellets implanted, the Kb/Kd ratio is restored to control levels by a restoration of the Kb as well as the Kd. The results differ from those of previous studies in which ACTH or adrenocorticosteroids were administered discontinuously (by injection). Thus, by experimental manipulation, different Kb/Kd ratios can be obtained: low (less than 1, pars distalis ablation), medium (2-3, normal toads) and high (7, hydrocortisone implantation). The potentiality of this unique situation in analysing the important question of how the 'surplus' cells are deleted is discussed. PMID- 3148372 TI - [The isolation of Mycoplasma from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and its antibody titer measurement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. PMID- 3148371 TI - [Evaluation of CSF Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 and its antibody detection in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis]. PMID- 3148373 TI - Soluble complex formation between low-density lipoprotein and glycosaminoglycans. A 2H and 31P-NMR, and quasi-elastic light scattering study. AB - Soluble complex formation between LDL and heparin (HEP) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) has been studied by 2H- and 31P-NMR and light scattering. The 2H-NMR linewidths of [2H]HEP and [2H]C4S increase substantially upon binding to LDL, with the [2H]HEP linewidths broader at low glycosaminoglycan (GAG)/low density lipoprotein (LDL) ratios. Preliminary analysis of the bound C2H3 group correlation times suggests that the observed linewidths are determined by the complex size, and that both [2H]GAGs have similar motions when bound to LDL. The 31P-NMR data demonstrate that large LDL-HEP complexes (diameter approx. 50 nm) are formed only over a narrow range of HEP concentrations, whereas the size of LDL-CS complexes increases continuously over the range of CS concentrations studied, reaching values of 32-35 nm for both C4S and C6S. At the lower protein concentrations studied by light scattering (less than or equal to 1 mg/ml), the same trends are observed, although the mean diameters are less than those estimated by 31P-NMR. Soluble complex formation was unaffected by the presence of 2 mM Ca2+. Dilution studies demonstrate that complex size varies with protein concentration. The binding of GAGs to LDL was also examined by HEP-CS competition studies. HEP has the higher affinity while no differences in binding could be detected between C4S and C6S. PMID- 3148374 TI - Incidence of Rh anti-E and anti-c production among Japanese after blood transfusion. AB - The incidence of Rh anti-E antibody production due to blood transfusion in the patients who were Rh E negative and were transfused with more than one unit (200 ml) of E positive red blood cells was examined. The anti-E was detected in 17 (4.7%) out of 360 patients. The incidence of anti-E was significantly higher in the patients who had previously received transfusion than in those who had not. By a similar method, the anti-c was detected in 4 (1.4%) out of 284 patients. The incidence of anti-E and anti-c production among the Japanese receiving blood transfusion at random is estimated to be 1.17% and 0.35%, respectively. PMID- 3148375 TI - Prevention of poultry-borne salmonellosis by irradiation: costs and benefits in Scotland. AB - Poultry-borne salmonellosis is the most common foodborne infection in Scotland for which the vehicle can be identified. The cost of the disease to society in terms of health service use, absence from work, morbidity, and mortality is substantial. The study estimates the total cost of poultry-borne salmonellosis in Scotland and compares it with the cost of a single preventive measure: the irradiation of poultry meat. The results suggest that the public health benefits exceed irradiation costs. This conclusion is, however, sensitive to assumptions made in the analysis, particularly those related to the cost of unreported cases of salmonellosis. PMID- 3148376 TI - Quantitative determination of biocytin in urine of patients with biotinidase deficiency using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). AB - A specific method for the quantitative determination of biocytin from urine of biotinidase deficient patients is described using HPLC-separation and quantitative determination by an avidin binding method. Partial purification of biocytin from urine was achieved with an anion exchange resin and concentration of the eluate by lyophilization. The recovery of biocytin from urines was 95.3 +/ 5.9 (mean +/- SD). The precision of biocytin estimation in patients urines including the HPLC-sample preparation procedure varied between 5.9% and 10.5% (CV). Biocytin concentrations were measured in urine samples of 5 patients obtained during and/or before biotin therapy. Before treatment biocytin excretion ranged from 6.2-28.8 nmol/mmol creatinine. During therapy biocytin excretion increased to the 1.3 to 4-fold level in 3 out of 4 patients. However, there was no dose-related increase of biocytin excretion when pharmacological doses were administered. Apart from biocytin and biotin, patients excrete additional biotin derivatives. Some of these have been preliminary identified as bisnorbiotin and oxidation products of bisnorbiotin, biocytin and biotin. PMID- 3148377 TI - Regulation of interleukin 1 production in human monocytes. I. Effects of gamma interferon and cycloheximide. AB - The objective of these studies was to investigate mechanisms of regulation of interleukin 1 (IL-1) production by human monocytes. IL-1 production was measured by augmentation of phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation of murine thymocytes. Adherent human monocytes incubated in medium for one day exhibited a marked decrease in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-1 production over a second day. Cells pre-incubated in 100 U/ml gamma interferon (gamma-IFN) for 24 h displayed a partial to complete maintenance of LPS-induced IL-1 production. Studies with inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase or lipoxygenase indicated that prostaglandins or leukotrienes were not responsible for the alterations in IL-1 production observed with cultured cells or for the effects of gamma-IFN. Monocytes were pre-incubated in cycloheximide for 24 h and the drug was washed out. These cells exhibited an enhancement in IL-1 production over a second 24 h culture in the presence of 2 ng/ml LPS. Furthermore, the partial maintenance of LPS-induced IL-1 production seen after cells were pre-incubated in gamma-IFN was markedly increased by the inclusion of 0.25 microgram/ml cycloheximide during the 24 h pre-incubation. These results indicate that IL-1 production may be inhibited by newly-synthesized proteins during maturation in vitro or differentiation of monocytes into macrophages. Pre-incubation in gamma-IFN and cycloheximide leads to separate but synergistic effects on the maintenance of LPS-induced IL-1 production in cultured monocytes. PMID- 3148380 TI - [A case of adult type galactosialidosis--with special reference to pharmacologic and neurophysiologic studies on myoclonus]. PMID- 3148378 TI - In-vitro and in-vivo studies on the induction of neopterin biosynthesis by cytokines, alloantigens and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). AB - Recently we presented evidence that cellular immune responses are associated with increased in-vitro and in-vivo excretion of neopterin (Huber et al., 1983) and that, in vitro at least, macrophages and IFN-gamma play a key role in the induction of this phenomenon (Huber et al., 1984). Although this marker is increasingly applied for monitoring of human disease, there is limited knowledge about the mechanism(s) responsible for its increased biosynthesis during inflammatory states. To further elucidate this question we evaluated neopterin and IFN-levels in culture supernatants of human blood cells and in patients' sera. Cells or patients were exposed to a panel of recombinant cytokines, alloantigens or lipopolysaccharide. To investigate indirect stimulation by induction of production of endogenous IFNs, the impact of neutralization of IFNs by addition of specific antibodies was also studied. The data confirm our previous results which identified the monocyte/macrophage as the main producer cell among human blood cells. They further demonstrate that, at least in vitro, IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha and LPS can all stimulate neopterin release independently from each other. Thirdly, they indicate that stimuli such as alloantigens or TNF alpha can indirectly enhance neopterin release by their capacity to induce production of endogenous IFN-gamma. On the basis of these data we conclude that enhanced neopterin biosynthesis does not necessarily relate to activation of T cells but can also be caused by non-immune stimuli. PMID- 3148379 TI - A study of lymphocyte kinetics in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with indium III oxine labelled lymphocytes. AB - The kinetics of lymphocyte migration in 12 pre-treatment patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and three cancer controls in remission were studied with Indium III oxine-labelled autologous lymphocytes. The migratory patterns of the labelled lymphocytes were defined by serial gamma imaging and blood clearance of Indium over 72 h. Once in the systemic circulation the labelled lymphocytes migrated immediately to the liver and spleen. In all the subjects studied the lymphocytes began to migrate out of the liver at 0.5 h, only to return to the organ gradually between 2 and 72 h. In the control subjects the lymphocytes migrated out of the spleen from about 4 h. This coincided with a hump in the peripheral blood clearance curve after about 4 h signifying re-entry of the lymphocytes into the vascular space from the spleen. In the 'early' NPC subjects (Stage I-III) the rate at which the lymphocytes entered the spleen was much reduced from about 4 to 72 h, suggesting a prolonged transit time of the lymphocyte through the organ. However, there were still prominent humps in the blood clearance curves, suggesting significant re-entry of lymphocytes into the vascular space. In the 'late' NPC subjects (Stage IV-V), the activity of the spleen was low between 4 and 72 h and there was continuous sequestration of lymphocytes in the organ. Consequently the humps in the blood clearance curves were much reduced or absent. The activities of the metastatic lymph nodes were intense between 2 and 48 h, suggesting marked sequestration of lymphocytes in the diseased lymph nodes. Migration of lymphocytes in the metastatic area of the liver was notably absent and presented as cold areas on gamma scanning. The sequestration of lymphocytes in the spleen and metastatic lymph nodes in 'early' and 'late' NPC could lead to a contraction of intravascular lymphocyte pool and could explain the stage-dependent lymphopenia reported in NPC. PMID- 3148381 TI - Reduction of severe hypoglycemic events in type I (insulin dependent) diabetic patients using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. AB - In order to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of insulin pump treatment and to establish criteria for its use, we retrospectively studied 45 patients from a referral university diabetes clinic who were treated with either intensive subcutaneous insulin injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Hemoglobin A1C was 8.5 +/- 0.3% (SEM) before and 8.1 +/- 0.1% during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (p = NS), but rose to 10.0 +/- 0.2% at a 16-month post-study follow-up. The frequency of ketoacidosis was 0.17 events/year before and 0.20 during infusion pump use (p = NS) and declined to 0.10 at the follow-up (p = NS). Severe hypoglycemia was reduced from 2.73 events/year to 0.22 during continuous subcutaneous infusion treatment (p less than 0.001), and from 3.72 0.32 (p less than 0.001) in a subgroup of 23 patients who initiated insulin pump treatment because of frequent and severe hypoglycemic events during intensive insulin injection treatment. Insulin pump use, compared to intensive insulin injections in a non-research setting, (a) is equally effective for maintenance of near normal glycosylated hemoglobin levels, (b) need not result in increased ketoacidosis, and (c) is effective for reducing hypoglycemic events. Thus, insulin pump treatment can benefit larger and randomized studies are needed to confirm these results. PMID- 3148382 TI - Possible interaction between HLA and Ig light chain markers in susceptibility to uveitis. AB - We detected and analysed the Gm and Km allotype markers of Ig in 57 patients affected by uveitis, an ocular inflammation with multifactorial etiology. The aim of the present study has been to investigate the possibility that different immunogenetic factors predispose to the various forms of the disease. We found a statistically significant alteration of Km(1) allele frequency (relative risk = 2.65). That seems to predispose to anterior uveitis, especially when associated with a blank at HLA-A locus (RR = 7.83) but predispose to the posterior form when in combination with HLA-B38 (RR = 19.24). Moreover, a high frequency of Km(1)/A blank phenotypic association was noticed in uveitis with infectious aetiology (RR rising to 10.44). The Km(1) genotype may itself predispose to uveitis and its combination with different HLA alleles could enhance the susceptibility to one particular form rather than to another. PMID- 3148383 TI - Pulmonary host defense: defects that lead to chronic inflammation of the airway. AB - Current knowledge of pulmonary host defense can help us to understand the unique relationship between CF patients and P. aeruginosa colonization of the lung. Subtle defects in CF host defense, such as those identified in mucociliary clearance and in the CF IgG opsonin, allow P. aeruginosa to persist. Not all the defects are attributable to the host. In several examples, the defects are induced by P. aeruginosa, presumably in an effort to maintain its foothold. The examples of the latter discussed here have included the effect of pseudomonas derived products on mucociliary action, alpha 1 PI function, and the formation of ineffective IgG opsonins and immune complexes. Overall, P. aeruginosa is the cause of significant morbidity and, eventually, mortality in these patients. As we approach the identification of the genetic defect central to this disease, it is hoped that we will gain more insight into the pathogenesis of the P. aeruginosa lung lesion in CF and develop more effective ways of preventing P. aeruginosa colonization of the CF patients' lungs. PMID- 3148384 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the airways disease of cystic fibrosis. AB - The gram-negative organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa plays a major role in the morbidity and mortality of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Inherent properties of this organism, together with alterations in the CF airway, lead to colonization of the CF patient and, ultimately, contribute to the destructive lung lesion of CF. Innovative antibiotic therapies for the CF patient are discussed, including new potent oral and parenteral pseudomonicidal antibiotics, the re-emergence of nebulized delivery systems, and the validation of home intravenous therapy. PMID- 3148385 TI - Aspartic proteinases in fishes and aquatic invertebrates. AB - 1. The literature on molecular properties and physiological role of aspartic proteinases in fishes and aquatic invertebrates has been reviewed. 2. Pepsins have not been detected in invertebrates, and apparently cathepsin D, as well as other cathepsins, act both as digestive and lysosomal enzymes in many of these animals. The molecular properties of invertebrate cathepsin D correspond with cathepsin D in fishes and mammalians. 3. Fishes with a true stomach have pepsinogen secretion. Fish pepsins have higher pH optimum and are less stable in strong acid conditions than mammalian pepsins. They are very efficient at low temperatures, but less thermostable than mammalian pepsins. 4. Many fishes have two significantly different pepsins: Pepsin I and Pepsin II, which digest haemoglobin at a maximal rate in the pH ranges 3-4 and 2-3 respectively. Usually the pI of Pepsin I is in the range 6.5-7, whereas pI of Pepsin II is about 4. 5. Fish Pepsin I and cathepsin D have very similar molecular properties, and a hypothesis proposing that cathepsin D is the ancestor enzyme of aspartic proteinases in higher animals is presented. PMID- 3148386 TI - Characterization of the low mol. wt zinc-binding ligand from rat small intestine by comparison to the organic zinc-binding ligands. AB - 1. 65Zn complexes of picolinate (PA), citrate (CA), L-histidine (L-his), arachidonic acid (AA) or low mol. wt zinc-binding ligand from rat intestine (LMW ZBL) gave 65Zn eluting peak fraction numbers of 53, 53, 56, 59 and 59 respectively, in a Sephadex G-75 column chromatography. 2. The 65Zn eluting peak fraction numbers with CA, L-his, PA, prostaglandin (PG)E2, AA, no ligand, arachidonate (AT) or LMW-ZBL were 49, 50, 54, 55, 58, 64, 75 and 76 respectively in a Sephadex G-25 column chromatography. 3. In a Sephadex G-15 column chromatography, the 65Zn eluting peak fraction numbers with CA, PGE2, AA, L-his, LMW-ZBL or PA were 49, 50, 51, 52, 52 and 55 respectively. 4. The LMW-ZBL in rat small intestine appears to be an AA-like substance. PMID- 3148387 TI - Withholding artificial nutrition and hydration in Connecticut. The case of Carol McConnell. PMID- 3148389 TI - Guidelines for administration of total parenteral nutrition: measured versus predicted energy needs. PMID- 3148388 TI - Renal catabolism of interferons, interleukins 1 and 2 and tumor necrosis factor. PMID- 3148390 TI - Nocturnal tube feedings. PMID- 3148392 TI - A newly-designed trapezoid compression plate system. PMID- 3148391 TI - A new variant of platelet aggregation defect. PMID- 3148393 TI - Irritated seborrheic keratosis of eyelid and its differential diagnosis. An electron microscopic and light microscopic study. PMID- 3148394 TI - Isolation of pathogenic free-living Naegleria amoebae from cooling water of a power plant in Shanghai. PMID- 3148395 TI - Relationship between HBsAg detected in liver tissue and liver injury. PMID- 3148396 TI - A case of Chediak-Higashi syndrome. PMID- 3148397 TI - Improving myocardial protection with high-dose insulin. PMID- 3148399 TI - Prognostic factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma analysed by Cox model. PMID- 3148398 TI - Changing prevalence and pattern of cardiovascular diseases in Hong Kong. A perspective in the 1990s. PMID- 3148400 TI - Insertive esophagogastrostomy. A new technic. PMID- 3148401 TI - Mycological identification of pulmonary aspergilloma caused by Aspergillus oryzae with proliferating heads. PMID- 3148402 TI - Ultrastructure of trophoblast of hydatidiform mole. PMID- 3148403 TI - A man with obstructive jaundice, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hemiplegia and coma. PMID- 3148404 TI - A mouse model of chronic Campylobacter jejuni infection. Post-infection nephritis. PMID- 3148405 TI - Functional improvement by transplanting auto-adrenal medulla grafts into caudate in patients with parkinsonism. PMID- 3148406 TI - Liver metastasis of choriocarcinoma. Report of 44 patients. PMID- 3148407 TI - Ultrastructural investigation of experimental osteoarthritis. A transmission electron microscopic study. PMID- 3148408 TI - Cultivation of endothelial cells from rat brain microvessels. PMID- 3148410 TI - A preliminary study on localization of HBxAg in liver tissue of patients with chronic liver disease and its significance. PMID- 3148409 TI - Serum-lipid and lipoprotein patterns of Beijing populations from birth to senescence. PMID- 3148411 TI - Synergistic action of iodine-deficiency and fluorine-intoxication on rat thyroid. PMID- 3148412 TI - Thoracic outlet syndrome. PMID- 3148414 TI - [Anastomosis technics in biliary surgery]. PMID- 3148413 TI - A 48-year-old woman with large mass shadow in the right lower lung with cough, chest pain and fever. PMID- 3148416 TI - [Studies of artificial plaque: comparison of the adherence ability of 5 cariogenic bacteria in vitro]. PMID- 3148415 TI - [Heart and heart-lung transplantation]. PMID- 3148418 TI - [Coordinating activities of the two cerebral hemispheres in split-brain patients]. PMID- 3148417 TI - [Effects of 5 kinds of sugar on the pH of plaque]. PMID- 3148419 TI - [The use of gases in retinal surgery]. PMID- 3148420 TI - [An analytical study of 600 cases of endogenous uveitis]. PMID- 3148421 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of hyperphoria]. PMID- 3148422 TI - [Analysis of pattern visual evoked potential (VEP) in amblyopic children]. PMID- 3148423 TI - [Causes of intolerance of hydrophilic soft contact lenses]. PMID- 3148424 TI - [Classification of juvenile myopia]. PMID- 3148425 TI - [Content of LDH isoenzyme and immunoglobulin in tears of patients with epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis]. PMID- 3148426 TI - [SEM study of corrosion casts on retinal angioarchitecture in man and macaque monkey]. PMID- 3148427 TI - [Effect of ocular hypertension on the optic nerve and the lamina cribrosa in cats]. PMID- 3148428 TI - [The effect of 4 anti-glaucoma drugs on the blood-aqueous barrier]. PMID- 3148429 TI - [An epidemiologic study of blindness and low vision in Shunyi county, Beijing]. PMID- 3148430 TI - [An epidemiological survey of blindness and low vision in Shanghai]. PMID- 3148432 TI - [Experience in the prevention of blindness in Ninghe county of Tianjin municipality]. PMID- 3148431 TI - [An epidemiologic survey of blindness and low-vision in Yunnan Province]. PMID- 3148433 TI - [The reasons for non-treatment in 360 cases of curable blind]. PMID- 3148434 TI - [Retinal detachment due to macular break treated with intravitreous air injection]. PMID- 3148435 TI - [Clinical findings and treatment of optic papillary pit with serous macular detachment]. PMID- 3148436 TI - [Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment combined with choroidal detachment]. PMID- 3148438 TI - [Localization and extraction of intraocular foreign bodies in 1,000 patients]. PMID- 3148437 TI - [Oscillatory potentials in diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 3148439 TI - [Ocular hypotensive action of topical acetazolamide in monkeys and rabbits]. PMID- 3148440 TI - [Ultrasonic biometry of the ocular axial length and the lens thickness in 213 eyes]. PMID- 3148441 TI - Pancreatic beta-cell damage. In search of novel pathogenetic factors. AB - A model for the possible pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is presented. It is partly based on studies of autoimmune thyroiditis and founded on the idea that inappropriate class II molecule expression in insulin producing beta-cells of pancreatic islets could cause an organ-specific autoimmune disorder. The model is supported by results of several IDDM case studies as well as by the critical evaluation of the known effects of various lymphokines and lymphotoxins on endocrine target tissues. The possible roles of islet capillary endothelial cells and islet cell antibodies in the pathogenesis of IDDM are discussed. PMID- 3148442 TI - Experimental pancreatic transplantation in diabetes. AB - Although transplantations of vascularized pancreas in diabetic patients show steadily improving results, the immediate operative risks and life-long immunosuppressive medication involved represent considerable disadvantages. Efforts are being made to develop simpler and safer methods of transplantation with isolated pancreatic islet grafts, e.g., isolated islets, fetal pancreas, or dispersed adult pancreas. Iso-, allo-, and xenografts of such preparations have been shown to reverse diabetes in animals. However, attempts to apply these techniques in clinical practice have remained largely unsuccessful, and major technical advances are needed before success is achieved. Attempts to use whole, segmented, or isolated islets from pancreatic grafts as a cure for diabetes in animals and in diabetic patients are reviewed. The importance to the graft's permanent function, of adequate preparation and storage of the graft, and of beta cell growth and vascularization are reviewed. Various forms of immunomodulation by pretreatment of grafts in vitro have been employed in animal models of diabetes, but none of these have yet been employed with long-term success in humans. Recurrence of a specific autoimmune response toward the beta-cell in a spontaneously diabetic recipient is a potential mechanism for destruction of transplanted islet tissue. PMID- 3148443 TI - Endocrine regulation of protein breakdown in skeletal muscle. PMID- 3148444 TI - Molecular cloning and complete amino acid sequence of AP50, an assembly protein associated with clathrin-coated vesicles. AB - AP50 is the 50,000-dalton protein component found in clathrin-coated vesicles as part of the coat assembly protein (AP) complex, AP-2. AP50 cDNA clones were isolated from rat brain cDNA libraries, and their nucleotide sequence was determined. The isolated cDNA clones represent the entire coding sequence for the rat brain AP50. They encode a polypeptide containing 435 amino acids with a molecular weight of 49,612 daltons. Comparison with the partially sequenced bovine brain AP50 shows a primary structure that is highly conserved. AP50 does not have detectable sequence similarity with other known kinases or with other proteins of known sequence. PMID- 3148445 TI - Cloning and characterization of a cDNA for rat tissue-type plasminogen activator. AB - Two partly overlapping lambda gt11 cDNA clones coding for the 22S rat tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) mRNA were isolated. The cDNA sequences cover 2445 nucleotides of the mRNA, including a 5' untranslated region of 31 nucleotides, an open reading frame of 1677 nucleotides, a 3' untranslated region of 737 nucleotides, and a poly(A) tail. The open reading frame codes for a 17-amino-acid signal peptide, a propeptide with 12 amino acids, and the mature protein with 530 amino acids. Rat t-PA has 81% and 92% amino acid sequence identity with the human and mouse counterparts and an equal distribution of conserved amino acids, suggesting that the proteins can fold into identical three-dimensional structures. The rat t-PA sequence contains two putative N-glycosylation sites at Asn-120 and Asn-452, while human t-PA has an additional glycosylation site at Asn 187. The site at Asn-187 is glycosylated in the human protein, revealing a different glycosylation pattern between the human and rat proteins. PMID- 3148446 TI - Genetically engineered modification of P450 monooxygenases: functional analysis of the amino-terminal hydrophobic region and hinge region of the P450/reductase fused enzyme. AB - Modified constructions of a microsomal cytochrome P450, of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, and of a P450/reductase fused enzyme were prepared to analyze the function of the amino-terminal hydrophobic regions of these enzymes and the hinge region of the fused enzyme. Expression plasmids for delta P450c, delta reductase, and the delta P450/reductase fused enzyme, all of which lacked their amino terminal hydrophobic regions, were constructed by inserting each of the corresponding cDNAs between the yeast alcohol dehydrogenase I promoter and the terminator of the expression vector pAAH5. Yeast transformed with plasmids encoding delta P450 and the delta P450/reductase fused enzyme produced smaller amounts of the respective enzymes and showed lower monooxygenase activity toward 7-ethoxycoumarin than did yeast transformed with plasmids encoding the complete enzymes. Both delta P450 and delta P450/reductase were found in the microsomal fraction of the yeast cells. Yeast transformed with the expression plasmid for delta reductase produced 20 times more enzyme than did yeast transformed with the plasmid for the complete enzyme. delta Reductase was present in the soluble fraction and was 33 times more active in reducing cytochrome c than was the complete enzyme. The results suggest that the amino-terminal hydrophobic regions of P450c and the P450/reductase fused enzyme play an important role in their stability and function in the yeast microsomes. By contrast, the amino-terminal containing P450 reductase appears to be unstable in yeast cells. Altering the size of the hinge regions does not affect the activity of the P450/reductase fused enzyme significantly, but some amino acid changes in this region increase the stability of the fused enzyme slightly. PMID- 3148447 TI - Evaluation of cryopreservation techniques of pancreatic fragments and islets in vitro and in vivo. AB - We evaluated cryopreservation techniques for pancreatic fragments and islets using rat tissue. After equilibration in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO), the tissue was frozen in a programmable freezer at 1 degree C/min down to -40 degrees C and at 3 degrees C/min down to -71 degrees C. The islets, when thawed, released abundant insulin in the presence of as little as 3.3 mM glucose, much more so than non-frozen islets did. Three additional procedures, prefreezing and post thawing culture and the stepwise dilution of the Me2SO, lowered the non-specific insulin release of the thawed islets and improved their insulin response to 16.7 mM glucose. Thawed pancreatic fragments subjected to these additional procedures, transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, reduced their hyperglycemia significantly. The thawed fragments and islets did not differ from their corresponding non-frozen controls in 3H-leucine incorporation. The maintenance of tissue function was not satisfactory. However, our observations indicate that culturing pancreatic tissue before freezing and after thawing and the stepwise dilution of the cryoprotective agent reduce the damage induced by freezing the tissue. PMID- 3148449 TI - [Experimental modeling of the microevolution of recombination]. PMID- 3148448 TI - Effects of islet grafts of MHC-compatible donors on glucose metabolism in the spontaneously diabetic BB/Wor rat. AB - Complete recovery of the diabetic process occurred in spontaneously diabetic BB/Wor rats after the transplantation of islets of MHC-compatible donor rats. Islets were isolated from diabetes-resistant BB/Wor rats and were cultured for 4 days at 37 degrees C. The islets were then hand-picked and each BB/Wor rat with spontaneous diabetes received a total of 10 islets per g of body weight injected either into the immunologically privileged abdominal testis or into the non immunologically favored renal subcapsular space. No immunosuppression was given to the recipients. After a period of at least 80 days of normoglycemia, the effects of an intravenous glucose injection on serum glucose and insulin levels were assessed. The grafts and the pancreases were then surgically removed and the insulin content of each organ site determined. The results showed that normoglycemia and a rapid weight gain were induced whether the rats were given an intratesticular or a renal, subcapsular islet graft. The amounts of extracted insulin recovered from the grafts after 83-259 days of normoglycemia were not significantly different from the pancreatic insulin content of age-matched control rats. But, despite the survival of a large mass of insulin-producing cells, glucose tolerance was impaired with a blunted insulin response and a delayed return of serum glucose to basal levels. Histologic examination of the islet grafts between 214 and 269 days after transplantation showed remarkable preservation of the islets with no evidence of an inflammatory reaction. Successful transplantation did not, however, lead to a recovery of the native pancreas of the BB/Wor recipient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3148450 TI - [Metabolism of arachidonic acid in cell nuclei of the liver of albino rats]. PMID- 3148452 TI - [An electrophysiologic study on the anti-ischemic arrhythmia effect of flecainide]. PMID- 3148451 TI - Ferric chondroitin 6-sulfate (Condrofer): a new potent antianaemic agent with a favourable pharmacokinetic profile. AB - One and 3 mg/kg iron as Condrofer**, a new soluble formulation of this metal, and 1 mg/kg iron as Proteoferrina*** or ferritin were given orally for 4 weeks to male rats in which severe experimental anaemia had previously been induced (by iron-deficient diet and repeated bleedings). Haematological (erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, reticulocytes and leukocytes) and blood chemistry (sodium, potassium, iron and total protein) parameters were checked weekly and at the end of the drug administration period. Clinical and behavioral signs, body weight, food intake and necroscopic observations were also recorded. Condrofer time- and dose dependently improved the general blood picture, the clinical data and the autoptic findings to the point of making these animals significantly approach control rats, save for one parameter, sideremia, which after 4 weeks of treatment remained lower than normal. The most plausible explanation would seem that the severe anaemia interfered both with the physiological iron storage and with the iron-dependent mitochondrial enzymatic systems. Iron (1 mg/kg) daily as Proteoferrina or ferritin was significantly less effective than when this metal was administered as Condrofer, since all the haematological parameters and the clinical, behavioral signs and necroscopic observations were less favourable. The more complete reversal of anaemia in the rats that received Condrofer is, most probably, due to the higher bioavailability of iron administered under this formulation, as demonstrated by iron kinetics after equidoses of iron as Condrofer and Proteoferrina. PMID- 3148453 TI - Effect of alcohol and glucose infusion on pituitary-gonadal hormones in normal females. AB - During 1 h, median 976 mmol ethanol in 5.5% glucose was administered i.v. to six healthy female volunteers (aged 26-37 years) in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The median maximal blood ethanol concentration was median 33.5 mmol/l and serum ethanol concentrations of 2 mmol/l were reached after 8 h. Four of the women participated in a control experiment with infusion of an equal volume of glucose 5.5%. Venous blood samples were drawn 5 times during the 24-h follow up period. Serum concentrations of sex steroids and pituitary hormones decreased in both ethanol and control experiments and the results did not differ significantly. The lowest hormone concentrations were observed 1-5 h after the start of infusion. Oestradiol, oestrone and oestrone-sulphate concentrations decreased 24-46% compared to basal values. 5 alpha-dihydro-testosterone levels decreased 23-31%, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate levels decreased 6-48%, while testosterone levels did not change significantly. Prolactin concentrations were reduced by 41-51% of basal values and luteinizing hormone concentrations by 37-68% Follicle stimulating hormone levels did not change significantly. Stress factors or haemodilution are not likely explanations of the observed changes in hormone concentrations. A circadian rhythm could not explain changes in hormones of non-adrenal origin. PMID- 3148454 TI - Cost justification of clinical pharmacy services on a general surgery team: focus on diagnosis-related group cases. AB - We used a novel approach to cost-justify clinical pharmacy services on a general surgery team in nine diagnosis-related group cases. The clinical pharmacist monitored nine patients longitudinally on a general surgery team from admission to discharge and intervened in their therapeutic management. Each recommendation was analyzed for rationale, acceptance, perceived impact on quality and/or cost of patient care, whether self-initiated or solicited, and impact on patient outcome. Types of recommendations and outcomes were categorized by process and outcome measurement criteria. Total cost avoidance per patient was calculated using costs of drug therapy, laboratory tests, and length of stay. Accounting for cost of clinical pharmacy services, net cost avoidance per patient was calculated. The clinical pharmacist made 101 recommendations on nine patients. Physicians accepted 82 percent of the recommendations; 77 percent of the recommendations were self-initiated and 23 percent were solicited. Recommendations had a perceived impact on cost, quality, or both at 13, 31, and 56 percent, respectively. Most recommendations (79 percent) brought patient therapy to a level of conformance with current standards of practice as documented in the medical literature. Recommendations that potentially preserved a major organ function by preventing drug-induced toxicity or the exacerbation of existing problems constituted 16 percent of the total. None of the accepted recommendations adversely affected patient outcome and 23 percent directly resulted in a measurable positive outcome in patient care. A total of four hospital days was potentially saved for two cases. Based on objective outcome criteria, a 1.9-day increase in therapeutic control was documented per patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3148456 TI - Comment: phenytoin and enteral feedings. PMID- 3148455 TI - Mesna-induced urticaria. PMID- 3148457 TI - Prevalence of schistosomes and other parasites in Taita division of Taita-Taveta district. PMID- 3148458 TI - Changes in urinary amino acid fractional excretion in neonates undergoing total parenteral nutrition. AB - The paper examines the possible reasons why there was a different weight gain pattern in two groups of sick neonates fed two different amino acid solutions during a prospective double-blind trial of otherwise identical total parenteral nutrition. During the 13-month study period, 14 neonates (eight less than 32 weeks gestation) received Vamin as their amino acid source, and 18 (eight less than 32 weeks gestation) received a new amino acid solution, Paedmin. The older group of neonates gained weight far better when fed Vamin (P less than 0.003), neonates of less than 32 weeks gestation gained weight better when fed Paedmin (P less than 0.004). These differences in weight gain were reflected in differences in plasma amino acid concentration in that the levels were lower in the groups gaining weight less well; and in urinary fractional excretion where the groups gaining weight less well had a markedly higher fractional excretion and total urinary loss of amino acids (P less than 0.001). It is suggested that these differences in amino acid handling of two different amino acid solutions may lead to differences in weight gain. PMID- 3148459 TI - Anaerobic biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by bacteria from Hudson River sediments. AB - Anaerobic biodegradation of monochlorobiphenyls; a tetrachlorobiphenyl; Aroclor 1221, a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture; and sediment PCBs was investigated by using mixed bacterial populations from Hudson River sediments obtained by PCB enrichment. When the bacteria were incubated with Aroclor 1221, the disappearance of congeners was in general inversely related to GC retention time and thus indirectly to the octanol/water partition coefficient. When incubated with 14C-labeled monochlorobiphenyls, 14CO2 was detected, but methane was not. Radioactivity was also found in the cell material and the aqueous fraction. 2,4,2',4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl produced little evidence of biodegradation or reductive dechlorination. Inoculation of anaerobic sediments from the Hudson River with the mixed population produced a marked decrease in sediment PCBs, whereas uninoculated sediments were observed to have little change. This decrease was also related to the partition coefficient. PMID- 3148460 TI - [Various effects of secretin and pentagastrin on peripheral venous blood gas analysis]. AB - Until recently, vasomotor effects of gastrointestinal polypeptide hormones have been observed primarily in animal experimentation. 33 volunteers were observed to survey the influence of secretin (1 CU/bw./h) and pentagastrin (0.75 micrograms/bw/h) on peripheral blood gas concentrations and on the acid/base balance. Compared to a control group, secretin caused a significant increase in pO2 and in O2 saturation (p less than 0.05). In contrast to secretin, pentagastrin caused a significant decrease in the pO2 as well as in the O2 saturation (p less than 0.05) pCO2, pH and HCO3 were not significantly affected by either secretin or pentagastrin. These results can be interpreted as possible direct vasodilatative/constrictive as well as local metabolic effects of secretin and pentagastrin. PMID- 3148461 TI - Pancytopenia in a patient receiving home intravenous nutrition. AB - A patient is described who developed pancytopenia several months after home intravenous nutrition (IVN) was started following a major small bowel resection for volvulus. In the post-operative period his weight fell by about 15 kg to 45 kg. Bone marrow aspiration and leucokinetic studies were carried out which suggested that bone marrow failure was the cause of this patient's haematological abnormalities. Five of the 16 patients at St Mark's Hospital who are receiving home IVN were noted to have had transient neutropenia. In 3 of these patients significant weight loss was also noted in the few months preceding the development of neutropenia. It is suggested that there is an association between relative energy malnutrition and the development of the haematological abnormalities that have been observed. In the patient described here these abnormalities were prolonged. PMID- 3148462 TI - Definition of chronic energy deficiency in adults. Report of a working party of the International Dietary Energy Consultative Group. AB - New criteria are proposed for classifying chronic energy deficiency (CED) in adults. A progressively more precise approach to identifying affected individuals involves measuring body weight and height, then energy intake (or expenditure) and finally the basal metabolic rate (BMR). Three cut-off points for body mass index (BMI) were identified: 18.5, 17.0 and 16.0. A BMI above 18.5 is classified as normal and below 16.0 as grade III CED. A diagnosis of grades I and II CED depends on finding the combination of a BMI of 16.0-16.9 or 17.0-18.4 with a ratio of energy turnover to predicted BMR of less than 1.4. Measuring the individual BMR avoids misclassification and confirms the diagnosis. In groups of African adults 38-63 per cent of each group had a BMI below 18.5 and the majority require studies of their energy turnover before specifying their degree of CED; 3 per cent of Ethiopian women and 24 per cent of a selected male African group had grade III CED. These guidelines can be used when assessing the input of aid programmes and for clinical and other studies. PMID- 3148463 TI - Genetic variations of human serum beta 2-glycoprotein I demonstrated by isoelectric focusing. AB - Human serum beta 2-glycoprotein I was analyzed by isoelectric focusing followed by immunoprinting or immunoblotting with monospecific antiserum. Isoelectric focusing revealed a heterogeneous pattern consisting of 4 major and 4-5 minor bands with isoelectric points of the major bands between pH 5.4 and 6.2. Comparative analysis of sera from more than 400 healthy blood donors showed individual variations of band patterns: six different phenotypes were observed. A family study of 44 families with a total of 129 children demonstrated the genetic control of this variation. Presumably, three alleles, called B2G*1, B2G*2, and B2G*3, determine six phenotypes: B2G 1, 2, 3, 1-2, 1-3 and 2-3. The phenotype 3, however, has not been found in this study. An additional phenotype, noted in one serum specimen, was tentatively classified as B2G 2-4. The distribution of phenotypes and alleles in two populations, from Munich and from Tyrol, has been examined and the frequencies are presented. This genetic polymorphism appears not to be associated with inherited quantitative variations of beta 2-glycoprotein I found earlier. The inherited variations can still be recognized after treatment of sera with neuraminidase and with endoglycosidase F, although the banding pattern is altered and shifted towards the cathode. The genetic polymorphism can, therefore, not be ascribed to variations residing in the carbohydrate side chains. PMID- 3148464 TI - Examination of the sprained ankle: anterior drawer test or arthrography? AB - The accuracy of the anterior drawer test for the diagnosis of recent lateral ligament tears in the ankle was evaluated in a series of 192 patients using surgical or arthrographic findings for reference. Considerable overlapping of results was obtained in ankles with and without ligament tear. Twenty-eight per cent of the anterior talofibular ligament tears, and 38% of the combined anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular tears were not detected, and single and combined tears could not be differentiated. It is concluded that the anterior drawer test is too unreliable as a basis for any decision regarding surgical treatment of a recent sprain. Therefore, arthrography is recommended as the method of choice in such cases of recent ankle sprain, where the need of surgery has to be supported by X-ray analysis. PMID- 3148465 TI - Analysis of failures in patients with cervical carcinoma treated by radical surgery and external pelvic irradiation. AB - In this paper we examine 68 patients who had undergone radical abdominal hysterectomy according to Wertheim-Meigs for Ib-II cervical carcinoma. Post surgical stage was T1bN0M0 in 35 patients, T1bN1M0 in 3, T2aN0M0 in 7, T2aN1M0 in 6, T2bN0M0 in 13, T2bN1M0 in 4. All the patients, except 5 with ureteral fistulas, had high energy external pelvic irradiation, reaching a dose of 45 Gy. Up to December 1986, the neoplasia had relapsed in 10 patient (14.7%). According to post-surgical stage we observed 1/38 relapses in T1b patients (2.63%), and 9/30 relapses in T2 ones (30%). Otherwise, we observed 3 relapses in the 55 patients with negative lymph-nodes (5.4%), and 7 recurrences in the 13 patients with histologically proven positive lymph-nodes (53.8%). In these last patients 3/7 relapses were distant (42.8%). Nodes status seems to be the most important prognostic factor in patients with IB-II cervical carcinoma. Since lymph-nodal involvement could be indicative of a systemic spreading of disease, we think that an adjuvant polychemotherapy, in addition to surgery and radiotherapy, could improve the prognosis of patients with positive lymph-nodes. PMID- 3148466 TI - Tumoral markers (CA 125--CEA) in the screening of ovarian cancer. AB - Ovarian cancer has high rate of mortality among malignant gynecologic tumors. Because of its aggressiveness and low rate of 5 year survival of patients treated, it is important to realise a screening program for its early diagnosis. Today, immunologic research is directed to the study of tumoral markers that allow us to detect the presence of still clinically silent ovarian neoplasms. Some tumoral markers such as CEA and CA 125 are available for post-surgical monitoring of patients treated for ovarian cancer. The Authors have carried out a study to evaluate the possibility of their use in the depistage of ovarian neoplastic pathology. A blood sample was taken for the evaluation of serum CEA and CA 125 in a series of 520 patients older than 45 years, who did not complain signs or symptoms of pelvic pathology. A pathologic value for CEA was considered higher than 7.3 ng/ml and for CA 125 greater than 37 U/ml. For CEA 2.5% (13 cases) presented pathologic values compared to 2.88% (15 cases) for CA 125. One third of cases (0.5%) with high levels of CEA had repeated blood samples. 3 of them had confirmed high levels of CEA but echotomography performed in these patients was negative for pathologic ovarian masses. 15 patients had CA 125 high levels. 3 out of 15 cases repeated the blood sample that resulted normal. On 11 of these cases an echotomography was also performed that diagnosed a uterine myomatosis in 4 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3148467 TI - Embryonal carcinoma in two cases of androgen insensitivity syndrome: clinical, endocrinological and pathological features. AB - Embryonal carcinoma in two cases of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is reported. In both cases gonadectomy carried out for prophylactic purposes led to the discovery of a localized embryonal carcinoma with areas of anaplastic seminoma in one case. In non-neoplastic tissue, gonad morphology in both cases was typical of AIS. Prevalently hypotrophic aspects, especially in the interstitial gland, were found in case 2. This may explain the different endocrine profile in the two cases before gonadectomy. Our study, aside from series of psycho-sexual problems, shows, according to all Authors, that the most serious complication is the high risk of malignancy after puberty in patients with AIS. PMID- 3148468 TI - Failure of a new topical sodium cromoglycate formulation to improve atopic dermatitis. PMID- 3148469 TI - Genetic analyses of aging processes in Drosophila. AB - Genetic investigations into the aging processes of Drosophila have a long history. Much of the earlier work attempted the analysis of longevity in already existing and (usually) short-lived strains and mutants, but was unsuccessful because there was no way of assuring that the genes involved actually affected the normal aging processes. Success was achieved only when procedures were devised to specifically select for mutants and/or strains affecting the normal aging processes. Recent work has shown that the life span may be genetically altered either via an acceleration of the normal aging rate or via the stage specific lengthening of certain portions of the adult life span. A variety of evidence suggests that aging is best viewed as a genetically determined, environmentally modulated, event dependent process. The evidence underlying these observations is discussed, a possible genetic model is presented and future directions are suggested. PMID- 3148470 TI - The effects on ventilation of ketorolac in comparison with morphine. AB - We have compared the effect on ventilation of ketorolac, an injectable non steroidal analgesic, with that of morphine in a randomized, double-blind, cross over study, using two doses of ketorolac (10 and 90 mg i.m.) and one of morphine (10 mg i.m.). The effect on ventilation was measured with a CO2 rebreathing technique. As a measure of the effect we studied the increase in PETCO2 (CO2 shift) that caused a respiratory minute volume (RMV) equal to the RMV in the control period at 8 kPa PETCO2. Ketorolac caused insignificant CO2 shifts of about 0.10 kPa, while morphine caused a significant CO2 shift of 0.86 kPa. We conclude that ketorolac in analgesic and supra-analgesic doses has no effect on the ventilatory response to CO2 under circumstances in which significant effects are seen with morphine. PMID- 3148473 TI - Multi-variate analysis of factors governing the pharmacokinetics of exogenous factor VIII in haemophiliacs. AB - The pharmacokinetics of Factor VIII was evaluated by mathematical modeling in a large-scale study in 62 haemophilia-A subjects, in whom 137 plasma Factor VIII time curves were measured during single dose (n = 87) and repeated-dose (n = 47) treatments for prophylaxis or minor bleeding episodes. The pharmacokinetic parameters [mean (SD)] estimated from single-dose curves were: clearance 3.85 ml.h-1.kg-1, volume of distribution 58.2 ml.kg-1, mean residence time 15.9 h. Parameters calculated from repeated-dose curves were: clearance 3.93 ml.h-1.kg-1, volume of distribution 61.8 ml.kg-1, and half-life 12.2 h. In patients with mild haemophilia, pharmaco-statistical analysis revealed that the endogenous synthesis of Factor VIII was constant and was not influenced by the administration of exogenous Factor VIII. The coefficient of variation for intra-individual variability of Factor VIII kinetics (estimated according to the Standard Two Stage method) was 20.7% in single-dose curves and 23.2% in repeated-dose curves. PMID- 3148471 TI - Effect of acute administration of propranolol and atenolol on baroreflex function in normal man. AB - The acute administration of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonists propranolol (80 mg) and atenolol (50 mg) on baroreflex function were investigated in healthy volunteers. Two h after administration both propranolol and atenolol significantly prolonged the supine R-R interval (1126, 1128 ms respectively) compared to placebo (1012 ms); systolic arterial pressure also fell (102.9, 102.0 mm Hg respectively) compared to placebo (112.6 mm Hg). Baroreflex function, assessed using glyceryl trinitrate to deactivate the baroreceptors was unchanged by these drugs compared to placebo. Baroreflex sensitivity (slope of the linear regression line relating R-R interval to systolic blood pressure) using phenylephrine to activate the baroreceptors, was also unchanged (17.2, 17.9 ms/mm Hg respectively) compared to placebo (19.9 ms/mm Hg). However both regression lines were shifted (p less than 0.05) to the left compared to placebo. PMID- 3148472 TI - Use of mannitol during neurosurgery: interpatient variability in the plasma and CSF levels. AB - An i.v. infusion of mannitol was given over 15 min to 12 patients before they underwent intracranial surgery under general anesthesia. Samples of blood, CSF and urine were taken over 4 h. Mannitol disappeared from plasma in a bi exponential manner. The mean maximal plasma concentration was 4.08 mg/ml at 15 min, and at 4 h it had declined to 0.53 mg/ml. The mean distribution rate constant was 11.2 h-1, corresponding to a plasma distribution half-life of 0.11 h. The mean elimination rate constant was 0.41 h-1, the plasma half-life was 2.2 h, the central distribution volume was 16.3 l, and total plasma clearance was 100.4 ml/min. The mean concentration of mannitol in CSF during the 4 h period increased up to 0.10 mg/ml. There were marked interindividual differences in the concentration ratio blood/CSF, and the CSF concentration varied 7.5 fold between patients. Optimal use of mannitol during neurosurgery requires further prolonged study of its pharmacokinetics. PMID- 3148474 TI - Theophylline antagonizes the effect of diazepam on ventricular automaticity. AB - The effect of diazepam on ventricular automaticity induced by a local injury was investigated in the isolated right ventricle of the rat in the presence of the diazepam central antagonist, RO 15-1788, and of the adenosine antagonist, theophylline. Theophylline but not RO 15-1788 antagonized the inhibitory effect induced by diazepam on ventricular automaticity. The inhibitory effect of adenosine but not that of 2-chloroadenosine was potentiated in the presence of diazepam. The results suggest that the inhibitory effect of diazepam on ventricular automaticity results from the inhibition of adenosine uptake. PMID- 3148475 TI - Reversal of alcohol-induced amnesia by the benzodiazepine inverse agonist Ro 15 4513. AB - We investigated the effects of benzodiazepine inverse agonists on ethanol-induced amnesia using a passive avoidance task. Pretraining treatment of mice with ethanol significantly impaired the passive avoidance response: there was a significant reduction in the % retention and step-down latency. The benzodiazepine inverse agonists, Ro 15-4513 and beta-CCM, significantly increased the % retention and prolonged the step-down latencies in mice treated with ethanol, but FG 7142 did not. The anti-amnesic effects of Ro 15-4513 were completely antagonized by co-administration of Ro 15-1788, a benzodiazepine antagonist. These results suggest that the anti-amnesic effect of Ro 15-4513 on alcohol-induced amnesia is mediated by benzodiazepine receptors. PMID- 3148476 TI - THA increases action potential duration of central histamine neurons in vitro. AB - Long-term administration of 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (THA) has been reported to produce marked clinical improvement in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. The dramatic enhancement of cognitive function seen with THA contrasts sharply with the modest improvements seen with other forms of anticholinesterase therapy, suggesting that additional mechanisms might play a role in its therapeutic efficacy. When applied to hypothalamic histamine neurons maintained in vitro, THA produced a dose-dependent increase in action potential duration. By its effect upon action potential duration, THA may increase release of transmitter from the axon terminals of cortically projecting aminergic neurons which have been shown to degenerate in Alzheimer's disease. Thus, the therapeutic efficacy of THA may derive from a combination of its anticholinesterase activity and its effects upon the duration of action potentials of aminergic neurons. PMID- 3148477 TI - Superior colliculus neurons provide the saccadic motor error signal. AB - Studies of the intermediate layers of the superior colliculus have suggested that it provides a desired change in eye position signal (delta E) for the generation of saccadic eye movements. Recent evidence, however, has shown that some neurons in these layers may be related to the velocity of saccades. We present single cell recordings from the intermediate layers of monkey superior colliculus that are consistent with the hypothesis that many superior colliculus neurons provide instead a motor error signal, em. Our hypothesis about the function of these cells places them inside the local feedback loop controlling the waveform of the saccade. PMID- 3148479 TI - Pulmonary artery pressure--flow plots in hyperoxic and in hypoxic dogs: effects of prostaglandin E1. AB - The effects of prostaglandin E1 on mean pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa):cardiac index (Q) relationships were investigated in eight anaesthetized dogs, ventilated in hyperoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) 0.4) and in hypoxia (FiO2 0.1). Cardiac output was increased by opening an arterio-venous femoral bypass or reduced by stepwise inflations of a balloon in the inferior vena cava. Five-point Ppa:Q relationships were found to be linear in all experimental conditions. Hypoxia increased Ppa over the entire range of Q studied (1-5l.min-1.m-2). Prostaglandin E1 0.4 microgram.kg-1.min-1 intravenously decreased hyperoxic Ppa for Q ranging from 3-5 l.min-1.m-2, hypoxic Ppa for Q ranging from 2-5 l.min-1.m 2 and attenuated hypoxia-induced increases in Ppa. These results show that prostaglandin E1 is a pulmonary vasodilator in both hyperoxic and hypoxic conditions. At the dose of 0.4 microgram.kg-1, prostaglandin E1 partially inhibits hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. PMID- 3148481 TI - [Immunologic conflict due to erythrocytic antigens (its prevention and treatment)]. PMID- 3148480 TI - The role of physiological deadspace and shunt in the gas exchange of patients with pulmonary hypertension: a study of exercise and prostacyclin infusion. AB - Haemodynamic and gas exchange measurements were made at rest, on supine exercise and on acute vasodilatation with intravenous prostacyclin in eight patients with pulmonary hypertension. This enabled an assessment of the contribution of V/Q imbalance to the abnormal gas exchange on the condition. At rest arterial oxygen tension, PaO2 (mean 8.1 +/- 1.7 kPa) and mixed venous oxygen tension, PVO2 (3.6 +/- 0.4) were reduced. The physiological shunt, Qs/Qt (15 +/- 17%) and the dead space, Vd/Vt (0.47 +/- 0.11) were elevated above normal. Exercise produced an increase in cardiac index, a fall in PVO2, no significant change in PaO2 and also no appreciable changes in the Vd/Vt and Qs/Qt. Intravenous prostacyclin increased the cardiac index and raised the PVO2 and the PaO2 but again with no significant changes in Vd/Vt and Qs/Qt. We conclude that ventilation-perfusion imbalance as shown by increased Vd/Vt and Qs/Qt, contributes significantly to the abnormal gas exchange in pulmonary hypertension. But neither index was altered by exercise or vasodilation; the latter improves the hypoxemia by increasing the PVO2 from an increase in the cardiac output. PMID- 3148478 TI - Serum immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin G subclasses in cystic fibrosis related to the clinical state of the patient. AB - Levels of serum immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin G subclasses were measured in 32 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, 30 asthmatics and 27 controls. When compared with the asthmatic patients and controls, the CF patients had raised levels of all IgG subclasses as well as total IgG, IgM and IgA, but there was not a statistically significant increase in IgE. The levels of immunoglobulins in the CF patients were examined in relation to the clinical features of the disease. Raised levels of IgG4 were related to levels of IgE, but these raised levels of IgG4 appeared to be part of a general increase in total IgG and not an isolated feature. There was a significant correlation between the total IgG level and its subclasses, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 and IgA. IgG1 was significantly correlated with IgG2 and IgG4; IgG2 with IgG4; and IgG4 with IgE. Total IgG was the immunoglobulin most closely correlated with poor lung function. Serum IgA was higher in patients with positive immediate skin prick reactions to pollens (p less than 0.005) and death within two years of the study was related to high levels of total IgG (p less than 0.01), IgG3 (p less than 0.001), IgA (p less than 0.001), and IgE (p less than 0.005). PMID- 3148482 TI - Cholinergic urticaria, passive transfer experiments from human to monkey. AB - Passive transfer experiments in cholinergic urticaria were carried out from 16 patients to a Macaca cymnologous monkey. Intravenous Evans blue dye was used to demonstrate vascular permeability. The animal was challenged after 24 h first by heating the serum-injected dorsal skin to 45 degrees C and secondly by superinjection of acetylcholine into serum-injected sites, and a control site. Local heat proved insufficient to evoke a response. Seven of 16 serum-injected sites showed positive reaction to acetylcholine, control injection of acetylcholine did not. These experiments suggest the presence of a serum factor in cholinergic urticaria which, with acetylcholine, causes increased vascular permeability. PMID- 3148483 TI - Variability with time of individual glycaemic and peak incremental indices of foods in non insulin dependent diabetics. PMID- 3148484 TI - Eicosanoids and skin. AB - A better understanding of the physiological and pathological roles of lipoxygenase metabolites on skin will be obtained with the development of safe and specific 5- and 12-lipoxygenase inhibitors. Lipocortins have been cloned and the results of clinical trials with them should provide further insight into the mechanism(s) of action of steroids on skin diseases. PMID- 3148485 TI - Preventing gastrostomy tube migration. PMID- 3148487 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies: their use in blood group serology]. PMID- 3148486 TI - [The expediency of typing rhesus-negative donor blood samples using sera containing anti-Rh''(E) antibodies]. PMID- 3148488 TI - [Nonrandom karyotype changes in chemically induced tumors of the Djungarian hamster]. AB - In the cells of tumors induced with methylcholanthrene in wild type and mutant (pink-eyed dilution) Djungarian hamsters non-random involvement in structural changes of certain chromosomes (Xp, 3p and 3q, 7q, 8q) was revealed. In addition, characteristic feature of the majority of tumors was varied number of double minutes chromosomes (DMs). In some tumors, the markers with long homogeneously or differentially stained regions (HSRs and DSRs) were also present. The DMs, HSRs and DSRs are known as the structures containing amplified genes. PMID- 3148489 TI - Genes controlling malathion resistance in a laboratory-selected population of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The chromosomal locations of several genes responsible for increased malathion resistance in a laboratory-selected population of Drosophila melanogaster have been determined. These genes appear to be involved in the regulation of microsomal cytochrome P-450. A major gene on chromosome 2 (2-64) and at least two genes on chromosome 3 (near 3-58) control increased mixed function oxidase activity, and both larval and adult malathion resistance. Although the chromosome 2 locus was not associated with a significant increase in cytochrome P-450 content, SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of microsomal proteins detected increased silver staining of a polypeptide having a relative molecular mass (Mr) of about 52,000. Microsomes from strains carrying the chromosome 3 factors for resistance contained more cytochrome P-450 and increased amounts of two heme staining protein bands (Mr = 50,000 and 54,000). The genes regulating these proteins were closely linked to striped at 3-62 and probably identical to the loci responsible for malathion resistance and increased mixed function oxidase activity. Other R genes on both chromosomes 2 and 3 as well as target resistance were required for the full expression of malathion resistance in the selected Drosophila population. Exposure of this Drosophila melanogaster population to malathion selected a polygenic system for the oxidative metabolism of insecticide. PMID- 3148490 TI - Association of allozyme heterozygosity and sternopleural chaetae number in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Variation at two polymorphic allozyme loci (Adh and alpha Gpdh) has been assayed in relation to sternopleural chaetae number in flies derived from a cage population of D. melanogaster known to be under stabilising selection with respect to chaetae number. Central phenotypes were significantly more heterozygous at these loci than more extreme phenotypes. Analysis of the base population and of divergent directional selection lines derived from it suggested that alleles at Adh and alpha Gpdh have a pleiotropic effect on chaetae number or are in strong linkage disequilibrium with chaetae factors. In addition, homozygotes at Adh and alpha Gpdh were observed to have a higher variance in chaetae number than heterozygotes. It is concluded that additive and homeostatic models of gene action might both partly explain the higher heterozygosity of central phenotypes. PMID- 3148491 TI - Sequence and analysis of the DNA encoding protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the protective antigen (PA) gene from Bacillus anthracis and the 5' and 3' flanking sequences were determined. PA is one of three proteins comprising anthrax toxin; and its nucleotide sequence is the first to be reported from B. anthracis. The open reading frame (ORF) is 2319 bp long, of which 2205 bp encode the 735 amino acids of the secreted protein. This region is preceded by 29 codons, which appear to encode a signal peptide having characteristics in common with those of other secreted proteins. A consensus TATAAT sequence was located at the putative -10 promoter site. A Shine-Dalgarno site similar to that found in genes of other Bacillus sp. was located 7 bp upstream from the ATG start codon. The codon usage for the PA gene reflected its high A + T (69%) base composition and differed from those of genes for bacterial proteins from most other sequences examined. The TAA translation stop codon was followed by an inverted repeat forming a potential termination signal. In addition, a 192-codon ORF of unknown significance, theoretically encoding a 21.6 kDa protein, preceded the 5' end of the PA gene. PMID- 3148492 TI - [Socio-economic evaluation of public health administration]. PMID- 3148493 TI - Iron autoxidation in Mops and Hepes buffers. AB - Iron autoxidation in Mops and Hepes buffers is characterized by a lag phase that becomes shorter with increasing FeCl2 concentration and pH. During iron oxidation in these buffers a yellow colour develops in the solution. When the reaction is conducted in the presence of nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), blue formazan is formed. Of the many OH scavengers tested, mannitol and sorbitol are most effective in inhibiting Fe2+ oxidation, yellow colour development and NBT reduction. Some inhibition was also noted with catalase. The iron product of the oxidative reaction differs from Fe3+ in its absorption spectrum and its low reactivity with thiocyanate. Similar results are obtained when iron autoxidation is studied in unbuffered solutions brought to alkaline pH with NaOH. In phosphate buffer, no lag phase is evident and the absorption spectrum of the final solution is identical to that of Fe3+ in this buffer. The iron product reacts immediately with thiocyanate. When iron oxidation is conducted in the presence of NBT the formation of formazan is almost undetectable. Of the many compounds tested only catalase inhibits iron autoxidation in this buffer. The sequence of reactions leading to iron autoxidation in Good-type buffers thus resembles that occurring in unbuffered solutions brought to alkaline pH with NaOH and greatly differs from that occurring in phosphate buffer. These results are in agreement with the observation that these buffers have very low affinity for iron. The data presented define experimental conditions where Fe2+ is substantially stable for a considerable length of time in Mops buffer. PMID- 3148494 TI - Iron oxidation in Mops buffer. Effect of phosphorus containing compounds. AB - Fe2+ autoxidation in Mops buffer both in absence and presence of substoichiometric concentrations of EDTA, H2O2 and of Fe3+ is greatly affected by phosphorus containing compounds. They increase the lag phase, characteristic of Fe2+ oxidation in this buffer, and decrease the rate of the reaction. This effect is due to the phosphates of the molecule. The ability of the different compounds tested to affect Fe2+ oxidation, however, appears to be influenced also by the rest of the molecule. The concentration of the different phosphorus containing compounds that inhibits 50% of Fe2+ oxidation is rather different. The effect exerted appears to be the result of an equilibrium between an inhibitory effect on the pathway of Fe2+ oxidation that occurs in Mops buffer and the onset of a different oxidation pathway of Fe2+ similar to that occurring in Na phosphate buffer. A hypothesis is proposed that the phosphorus containing compounds inhibit Fe2+ oxidation by binding Fe3+ and decreasing its ability to accelerate Fe2+ autoxidation. It is suggested that the presence in vitro and in vivo of phosphorus containing compounds may modify Fe2+ autoxidation and thus the production of oxygen active species. PMID- 3148495 TI - Iron oxidation in Mops buffer. Effect of EDTA, hydrogen peroxide and FeCl3. AB - The effect of EDTA and H2O2 on iron autoxidation in Mops buffer depends on the pH of the solution. At acidic pH, EDTA caused the oxidation of a stoichiometric amount of iron. At neutral and alkaline pH, EDTA and H2O2 not only oxidizes a stoichiometric amount of iron but also causes the oxidation of the Fe2+ exceeding the concentration of these compounds. In the presence of EDTA, oxidation of Fe2+ in exceeding the concentration of these compounds has a shorter lag phase and an increased rate compared with that in the absence. The solution develops a yellow colour whose intensity is proportional to the amount of Fe2+ exceeding the concentration of these compounds in solution. When the reaction is conducted in the presence of NBT, formazan formation is greatly reduced compared to the control without EDTA and H2O2. The Fe3+-EDTA complex and Fe3+ affected iron oxidation, development of the yellow colour and NBT reduction in a similar fashion. In all these experimental conditions, iron oxidation is greatly reduced in the presence of mannitol, sorbitol and catalase. In phosphate buffer, EDTA oxidized a stoichiometric amount of iron without affecting free Fe2+ oxidation. Fe3+ has no effect on iron oxidation in this buffer. PMID- 3148497 TI - [Fertilization in vitro--embryo transfer (IVF-ET). I. Evaluation of the quality and degree of maturity of oocytes after patients' stimulation with clomiphene, hMG and hCG]. PMID- 3148496 TI - Free radicals in hypothermic rat heart preservation--prevention of damage by mannitol and desferrioxamine. AB - The free radical mediated oxidation of proteins in stored hypothermic rat hearts has been investigated by the estimation of fluorescence (Ex 360, Em 440-460 nm) believed to result from the oxidation of tryptophan residues. Damage occurring during ischaemia results in the release of oxidised proteins. This damage is significantly attenuated by mannitol and desferrioxamine although the mechanism of action of the two compounds may be different. PMID- 3148499 TI - [Endogenous opioid peptides (EOP) in gynecology]. PMID- 3148498 TI - [Use of CO2 laser in the treatment of various pathological changes in the cervix uteri and vulva]. PMID- 3148500 TI - [Precocious puberty: results of treatment with the LH-RH agonist buserelin]. PMID- 3148501 TI - [Ovarian cancer cells and interferon: aspects of a biological network]. PMID- 3148502 TI - [Hypergonadotropic amenorrhea (WHO III) as a risk factor for osteoporosis]. PMID- 3148503 TI - [The incidence of polycystic ovaries as a cause of sterility]. PMID- 3148504 TI - Bone marrow transplantation in children: 20 years after its first successful application. PMID- 3148505 TI - Analysis of gamma globin chain composition in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). PMID- 3148506 TI - Comparison of RBC indices and serum iron parameters in trained runners and control subjects. PMID- 3148507 TI - Congenital neutropenia: sustained myeloid cell proliferation and neutrophil differentiation in vitro. PMID- 3148508 TI - Scheduling-dependent interaction for the combination of cytosine arabinoside and daunorubicin on HL-60 cells. PMID- 3148509 TI - Effect of heparin and related glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and release. PMID- 3148510 TI - Unusual immunological phenotypes among 104 acute leukemias classified according to the FAB criteria. PMID- 3148511 TI - Chromosome abnormalities in PHA-stimulated and non stimulated bone marrow cultures from patients with non Hodgkin lymphoma. PMID- 3148512 TI - Low-dose interferon-alpha in Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia: clinical cytogenetic and cell culture study. PMID- 3148513 TI - Phase II study with a new alkylating agent (PTT-119) in lymphoid malignancies. PMID- 3148514 TI - Cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CEOP) in the treatment of advanced stage non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with poor histology. PMID- 3148515 TI - Recurrent bone marrow necrosis and extramedullary myeloid deposits in Philadelphia negative chronic myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 3148516 TI - Primary adrenal insufficiency, circulating lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies in a patient with multiple abortions and recurrent thrombotic episodes. PMID- 3148517 TI - Rhesus antibody treatment for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in an Rh negative patient. PMID- 3148519 TI - Thymidine kinase in neoplastic haematological diseases: confirmations, doubts and new findings. PMID- 3148518 TI - Growth and differentiation factors in human hematopoiesis. PMID- 3148520 TI - Recombinant alpha-2a interferon in HIV-associated myelodysplasia. PMID- 3148521 TI - Beta interferon in the treatment of mycosis fungoides. PMID- 3148522 TI - Hodgkin's disease associated with mycosis fungoides. PMID- 3148523 TI - Aeromonas hydrophila infection after cockles ingestion. PMID- 3148524 TI - Adie's syndrome (benign pupillotonia) and hypereosinophilic syndrome. PMID- 3148525 TI - Regulation of the synthesis and secretion of plasminogen activators by endothelial cells. AB - Plasminogen activators (PAs) play a role in fibrinolysis, tissue remodelling, tumor invasion, and reparative processes. Vascular endothelial cells produce tissue-type PA (t-PA), an important regulator of fibrinolysis, and PA inhibitor 1. They can also synthesize a second type of PA, urokinase-type PA (u-PA). The regulation of synthesis and secretion of these PAs by human and bovine endothelial cells in vitro is reviewed. The synthesis of t-PA and u-PA varies between endothelial cells, depending on their vascular origin. The production of PA activity by endothelial cells is regulated at various levels: (1) induction of newly synthesized t-PA or u-PA molecules; (2) rapid release of t-PA from endothelial cells; (3) conversion of single-chain u-PA in the more active two chain u-PA; (4) interaction of PAs with cellular receptors and matrix components, and (5) interaction of PAs with specific inhibitors. PMID- 3148526 TI - Fibrinolytic system of vascular endothelial cells. Role of plasminogen activator inhibitors. AB - The regulation of the fibrinolytic system is of critical importance during hemostasis, wound repair, neoplasia, inflammation, and a variety of other biologic processes. This control is achieved in a large part through the action of specific plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAIs). Cultured endothelial cells (ECs) produce type 1 PAI (PAI-1), the physiologic inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator. PAI-1 is one of the most highly regulated of the fibrinolytic components produced by ECs. Its synthesis is modulated by a variety of compounds including endotoxin, thrombin, transforming growth factor beta interleukin 1, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Recent studies suggest that PAI-1 is synthesized by ECs as an active molecule, but that it spontaneously decays into a latent form in solution. Specific components present in the extracellular matrix of ECs and in plasma bind to PAI-1 and prevent this inactivation. The unexpected finding that cultured ECs also produce type 2 PAI (PAI-2) introduces a previously unsuspected level of complexity to our understanding of this system and raises the possibility that the altered fibrinolytic activity of ECs following various treatments, or of blood in certain individuals, may reflect changes in either one of these inhibitors. PMID- 3148527 TI - Fatty acid metabolism and the vascular endothelial cell. New thoughts about old data. AB - Fatty acid metabolism by vascular endothelial cells occurs both under basal conditions and following endothelial cell stimulation or injury. Under basal conditions, endothelial cells are metabolically very active and rapidly turn over triglycerides and synthesize 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid from linoleic acid via the cytosolic enzyme, omega 6-lipoxygenase. When endothelial cells are stimulated (or injured), these pathways are turned off, and, instead, arachidonic acid is liberated from the membrane phospholipids and metabolized into prostacyclin via the cyclooxygenase enzyme. The biological relevance of these two fatty acid metabolites is discussed in respect to the regulation of cell/cell interactions during both 'homeostasis' and 'injury'. PMID- 3148528 TI - Chromosomal evolution of Malagasy lemurs. XI. Phylogenetic position of Daubentonia madagascariensis. PMID- 3148529 TI - Absence of chromosomal similarities between tarsiers (Tarsius syrichta) and other primates. PMID- 3148530 TI - A new species of Propithecus (primates) from northeast Madagascar. PMID- 3148531 TI - Primate play vocalizations and their functional significance. AB - It is well known that, among mammals, specific play vocalizations are produced exclusively by certain nonhuman primate species. In order to investigate the functional significance of these calls, we examined their phyletic distribution among New World and Old World monkeys. The results indicate that such calls are produced by species in which allomothering behaviour occurs. We propose a functional explanation of play vocalizations according to which they serve as a possible source of information for maternal retrieval of infants whenever necessary. PMID- 3148533 TI - [Emergencies in general practice. First aid in grand mal seizures and status epilepticus. A seizure does not mean epilepsy]. PMID- 3148532 TI - Foot morphology and locomotor adaptation in Eocene primates. AB - Locomotor diversity of Eocene primates of North America and Europe was well developed, with species of both Adapidae and Omomyidae showing a wide spectrum of movements. Besides documenting the locomotor diversity in the Eocene, this paper shows that adapid foot morphology shares derived features with extant strepsirhines. Thus, the Omomyidae best resemble the ancestral euprimate in terms of foot morphology and locomotion. The generalized locomotor repertoire of the modern cheirogaleids represents the best model for the movement pattern of the ancestral euprimate. PMID- 3148534 TI - [Metabolically neutral therapy of hypertension. An open, multicenter, prospective long-term study of the tolerance, safety and effectiveness of urapidil]. PMID- 3148535 TI - [Future prospects in heart and heart-lung transplantation]. PMID- 3148536 TI - [Therapy of rheumatoid arthritis with recombinant gamma interferon. Clinical course and laboratory parameters in one year's treatment]. PMID- 3148537 TI - Plasma kinin-precursor levels in clinical intestinal inflammation. AB - Plasma kinin-precursor (kininogen) concentrations were measured in the peripheral venous blood of 7 untreated patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, 12 healthy subjects, and 5 uncomplicated fracture cases. The mean plasma kininogen levels were significantly raised (P less than 0.025) in patients with intestinal inflammation (7.0 +/- 1.0 micrograms BK Eq/ml), as compared with the value found in healthy subjects (5.7 +/- 0.7 micrograms BK Eq/ml), and in fracture cases (5.0 +/- 1.2 micrograms BK Eq/ml). The packed cell volume did not differ (P greater than 0.05) between patients and control groups. Thus, the raised plasma kininogen levels observed in patients were not the result of nonspecific changes in plasma volume. It is suggested that raised plasma kininogen might be due to increased synthesis to provide substrate for excessive kinin-formation, to a potent inflammatory agent, or to high synthesis of acute-phase reactants. The possible significance of this observation is discussed. PMID- 3148538 TI - Absorption of compounds in medium by the oil covering microdrop cultures. AB - Microdrops of medium under either paraffin or silicone oil are commonly used for culture of early mammalian embryos. Radiolabeled estradiol, progesterone, and androstenedione in drops of medium under oil decreased by 51, 89, and 77%, respectively, after 24-hr incubation. Up to 14% of labeled estradiol moved to another drop of medium by passing through the oil. Several other substances tested (FSH, leucine, glucose, lactate, sodium ion, PGE2, PGF2 alpha) did not pass into the oil. Both paraffin and silicone oils can alter the composition of culture medium by absorbing and transferring certain types of compounds. PMID- 3148539 TI - Lectin binding sites in the vitelline envelope of Bufo arenarum oocytes: role in fertilization. AB - Incubation of dejellied spawned oocytes from Bufo arenarum with different lectins results in a decrease of oocyte fertility. Concanavalin A was the most effective lectin; phytohemagglutinin P and wheat germ lectin were less effective. Agglutinin from soybean was scarcely active. These lectin effects could be ascribed to a hindering of specific sites for some proteases, since the same treatment renders the oocyte vitelline envelope insensitive to spermatolysin (an essential requisite for fertilization) and to trypsin. Also in this case concanavalin A was the most effective lectin. Univalent concanavalin A was also effective in blocking the fertility of dejellied oocytes. These results indicate that the residues of alpha-D-glucose and alpha-D-mannose present in the vitelline envelope are involved in gamete interactions in Bufo arenarum. This idea is also supported by the finding that dejellied oocytes (fertilizables) have a number of binding sites for concanavalin A that is three or four orders of magnitude higher than coelomic or fertilized oocytes (both not penetrable by spermatozoa). PMID- 3148540 TI - Purification of the sperm-binding factor and identification of a sperm attack molecule from the egg of the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. AB - A sperm-binding factor, which seems to have a primary role in binding sperm to the egg, was isolated from the egg surface of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus and purified by monitoring the neutralization of the fertilization inhibition exerted by Fab fragments against crude sperm-binding factor. An improved purification for this sperm-binding factor is described in the present paper. The preparation of purified sperm-binding factor revealed one major protein band with an apparent molecular weight of 61,000 after sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A substance with the fertilization inhibitory effect on sperm, was isolated by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sephadex column chromatography in the course of purification of the sperm-binding factor and termed "sperm attack molecule." One precipitin line was formed between the sperm attack molecule and anti-crude sperm-binding factor serum in a double-immunodiffusion test. Fab fragments were prepared against partially purified sperm-binding factor or sperm attack molecule, and the effect of these Fab fragments on eggs was investigated. Anti-sperm-binding factor Fab fragments inhibited the fertilizability of eggs, whereas anti-sperm attack molecule Fab fragments did not. However, anti-sperm attack molecule Fab fragments impaired elevation of the vitelline layer. It is possible that the sperm attack molecule prevents polyspermy. Sperm attack molecule contains 3.7% neutral sugars. Its inhibitory effect was cancelled by trypsin or heat. PMID- 3148541 TI - Influence of the calcium ionophore A23187 on rat egg behavior and cortical F actin. AB - Rat eggs treated with the calcium ionophore A23187 and subjected to long-term observation by phase microscopy were found to undergo many developmental changes that are normally associated with fertilization. These included cortical granule exocytosis and the abstriction of the second polar body. In addition, time-lapse video microscopy revealed that, unlike untreated eggs, whose surfaces remained relatively immotile, the ionophore-treated eggs underwent a lengthy period of surface undulatory activity. Since all of these events were remarkably similar in timing and morphology to those seen in fertilized eggs, we conclude that A23187 is capable of activating rat eggs. Using NBD-phallacidin, the distribution of F actin in ionophore-activated eggs was determined. During most of the postactivation period the eggs possessed an uninterrupted, uniform band of polymerized actin encompassing the entire cortex of the egg. However, during a discrete 1.5-h period after the formation of the second polar body, an area adjacent to the region of polar body abstriction exhibited more intense staining than the rest of the cortex. Cytochalasin B treatment caused a dramatic reduction and/or rearrangement in cortical NBD-phallacidin staining in activated eggs as compared to activated controls not exposed to the drug. We observed that all the developmental changes described above could be produced in the absence of exogenous calcium, suggesting that the rat egg possesses internal stores of calcium sufficient to elicit an activational response. We conclude that the ionophore-induced release of free calcium ions into the cytosol stimulates many of the developmental changes that are normally seen during fertilization. These results indicate that calcium influx and cytoskeletal activity are correlated during the activation of this animal egg. PMID- 3148542 TI - Sperm-egg interaction in the mouse using live and glutaraldehyde-fixed eggs. AB - A study of interaction between gametes in the mouse, using live and glutaraldehyde-fixed eggs, showed that, while in live eggs the binding is a two step process ("early" and "late" binding), the process is one step when the spermatozoa interact with fixed eggs. The second point that emerged from this study is that uncapacitated and capacitated spermatozoa bind the zonae pellucidae of live and fixed eggs in the same way, but only the capacitated spermatozoa bound to live eggs undergo a complete acrosome reaction and penetrate the zona pellucida. Moreover, it has been shown that binding to fixed eggs, just as to live eggs, is Ca2+-dependent, and it can be reversed by EGTA. Fixed eggs thus are a good model to study only one step of the sperm-egg interaction removed from all the other events of the fertilization process. PMID- 3148543 TI - A cortical granule-specific enzyme, B-1,3-glucanase, in sea urchin eggs. AB - The ultrastructural localization of B-1,3-glucanase in three species of sea urchin eggs was determined using a monospecific antibody in an electronmicroscopic immunogold procedure. In all three species, Lytechinus variegatus, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, and Arbacia punctulata, B-1,3 glucanase was localized specifically to the cortical granules. No other organelle within the egg contained significant label. During the fertilization reaction, B 1,3-glucanase was released from cortical granules into the perivitelline space and became associated with the hyaline layer. No significant label was found in association with the fertilization envelope. PMID- 3148544 TI - Immunological approach to characterize proacrosin and various acrosin forms in boar and man by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Three different monoclonal rat antibodies, Acr1, Acr2, and Acr3, have been established against boar proacrosin. They are shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent and immunoblot assays to react with boar proacrosin and several different acrosin molecules derived therefrom during activation. The epitopes detected by the three antibodies are different from each other, one being highly sensitive to reduction and periodate treatment. The antibodies crossreact with various proacrosin and acrosin molecules derived from human sperm extract; they also show indirect immunofluorescent staining of the acrosomal region of ejaculated sperm from normal men but fail to react with round-headed spermatozoa. PMID- 3148545 TI - Human sperm injection into the perivitelline space (SI-PVS) of hamster oocytes: effect of sperm pretreatment by calcium-ionophore A23187 and freezing-thawing on the penetration rate and polyspermy. AB - Calcium-ionophore A23187 and freezing-thawing were used as sperm treatments before human sperm injection into the perivitelline space (SI-PVS) of hamster oocytes. The penetration rate (PR) was higher when SI-PVS was performed with calcium-ionophore-treated (28%) or frozen-thawed (51%) sperm than with untreated sperm (8%). Optimal PR occurred when five calcium-ionophore-treated (57%) or frozen-thawed (71%) sperm were injected under the zona pellucida. When the sperm:egg ratio was 1:1, PR was higher for calcium-ionophore-treated (18.5%) or frozen-thawed (27.8%) sperm than for untreated sperm (0.0%). Calcium-ionophore sperm treatment had no effect on the polyspermic oocyte rate (POR) or the mean number of swollen sperm nuclei per penetrated oocyte (Pd) or per injected sperm (SR). This may result from premature oocyte activation induced by Ca-ionophore. However, POR was higher with frozen-thawed (74%) than with untreated (50%) or Ca ionophore-treated (50%) sperm. Whatever the sperm treatment, there was a trend toward a lower SR as the number of injected sperm increased. Cytoplasmic regulation of polyspermy in the hamster oocyte is discussed. PMID- 3148546 TI - Effect of different APO A-I containing lipoprotein particles on reverse cholesterol transport in fat cells. AB - Cholesterol efflux was studied in cultured mouse adipose cells after preloading with LDL cholesterol. Long term exposure to LpA-I particles isolated from HDL2 and HDL3 promoted cholesterol efflux while LpA-I:A-II particles isolated from both fractions did not. However, LpA-I and LpA-I:A-II particles isolated from both HDL subfractions were effective in competing for the binding of 125I-HDL3 to apo A-I/A-II cell surface receptor sites. These results underline the role of LpA I particles in the promotion of cholesterol efflux and suggest that the concentrations and/or the relative proportions of LpA-I and LpA-I:A-II particles might be critical for the regulation of cholesterol efflux from adipose cells. PMID- 3148547 TI - Correlation of presentation of insulin with surface I-Ad and A alpha and A beta mRNA expression by cloned B lymphoma hybridoma variants. AB - We investigated the relationship between Ia expression and antigen presentation in cloned B cells, using variants of TA3 antigen presenting cells. Two TA3 subclones were selected as high presenters and 5 as low presenters of insulin to pork insulin/I-Ad restricted T cells. All TA3 subclones express the surface I-Ak, I-Ek, I-Ad and I-Ed Ia antigens characteristic of the parental cell line. However, surface I-Ad levels correlated best with the ability to present insulin, since high presenters express 2- to 4-fold more I-Ad than low presenters. High presenters possess 2- to 4-times more A alpha and A beta Ia mRNA than low presenters and also transcribe these mRNAs 2- to 5-fold faster than most low presenters. Thus, the correlation noted between I-Ad surface density and capacity to present insulin by our panel of TA3 variants is regulated at the level of transcription and not translation of I-Ad specific mRNAs. PMID- 3148548 TI - 'Fungal contamination of arecanut'. PMID- 3148550 TI - The mucopolysaccharidoses: a study of 48 cases. PMID- 3148551 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in India. PMID- 3148549 TI - Primary anthrax presenting as an injection "abscess". PMID- 3148552 TI - Giant ileal diverticulum. PMID- 3148553 TI - Mucopolysaccharide disorders in India: a commentary. PMID- 3148555 TI - Xerophthalmia in protein calorie malnutrition. PMID- 3148554 TI - Sterilization potential of contact lens solutions. PMID- 3148557 TI - Mother's milk feeding in gross prematurity. PMID- 3148556 TI - Feeding of the preterm infant. PMID- 3148558 TI - Treatment with an LHRH agonist or hCG increases interstitial fluid volume and permeability to Evans blue in the mouse testis. AB - Treatment of adult mice with 1 microgram of an LHRH-agonist or with 5 i.u. hCG, subcutaneously, resulted in an increase in the permeability to intravenously injected Evans blue into the testicular interstitial space and in the volume of testicular interstitial fluid. These changes are probably related to an increase in vascular permeability but, in contrast to the situation in rats, this was accompanied neither by an accumulation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in testicular blood vessels nor by the formation of large inter-endothelial cell gaps in postcapillary venules. The mechanisms mediating the gonadotrophin-induced increase in vascular permeability in the mouse testis thus remain unknown. PMID- 3148559 TI - Disposition of sulphadiazine in young rhesus monkeys with protein calorie malnutrition. AB - Disposition of sulphadiazine was assessed in young rhesus monkeys under three stages of nutritional manipulations i.e. control, protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) state and following nutritional rehabilitation. There was no alteration in the absorption kinetics except a delayed peak in the malnourished group. A decrease in volume of distribution of drug in the peripheral compartment was noted. The most significant changes observed was in the elimination kinetic parameter. The (Ke) elimination rate constant and the clearance rate showed a significant decrease which could be either because of decreased rate of acetylation or a decrease volume of distribution. PMID- 3148560 TI - Inhibition of monocyte IL-1 production by the anti-inflammatory compound, SK&F 86002. AB - The effects of several anti-inflammatory/anti-arthritic drugs on the in vitro production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by human monocytes were examined. SK&F 86002, a novel dihydroimidazo thiazoline which inhibits both 5-lipoxygenase- and cyclooxygenase-mediated arachidonate metabolism was shown to be a potent inhibitor of IL-1 production by LPS-stimulated human monocytes. The inhibition was dose-dependent (IC50 = 1.30 +/- 1 microM), reversible and was independent of the concentration or type of stimulus used. The compound also inhibited cell associated IL-1 activity. The compound did not exert general inhibitory effects on such parameters as adherence, cytotoxic function and protein synthesis of the monocytes. Other cyclooxygenase and/or 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism tested, with the exception of nordihydroguaiaretic acid, were inactive in inhibiting monocyte IL-1 production suggesting that the inhibition of IL-1 production by 86002 may be dissociated from its inhibition of the fatty acid oxygenases. The inhibition of IL-1 production by SK&F 86002 adds another facet of drug action contributing to its spectrum of anti-inflammatory activities. PMID- 3148561 TI - Combination therapy (monomycine and methyluracil) in leishmaniasis cutis. AB - Fifty patients with leishmaniasis cutis were treated with 250,000 units of monomycine intramuscularly every 8 hours and 0.5 g of methyluracil orally twice daily for a total period of 10 days. The follow-up study of all the patients for a period of 12 months showed persistent effectiveness of the treatment without the appearance of any sign and symptom of the so-called metaleishmaniasis (leishmaniasis recidivans). This paper highlights our results of treatment of leishmaniasis cutis, especially the rapid reduction of inflammatory reaction, quick regression of the skin process, and the rapid formation of scar without significant cosmetic effect in comparison with the data available in the literature. PMID- 3148563 TI - [Standard diagnosis for validating the certified causes of death]. PMID- 3148562 TI - Partial reversal of the hypogonadotropic hypogonadism of obese men by administration of corticosuppressive doses of dexamethasone. AB - Obese men have hyperestrogenemia-induced hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HHG), due, we believe, to increased rarmatization of adrenal androgens by the increased bulk of aromatase-containing adipose tissue. We studied the effects of corticosuppressive doses of dexamethasone (D) on 24-h mean plasma total and free estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), LH, FSH, total and free testosterone, delta 4 androstenedione (delta 4), and sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in nine obese men and five normal-weight controls. In the obese men, the following hormones fell: E2 [59 +/- 19 to 39 +/- 11 pg/ml (P less than 0.01)], E1 [93 +/- 41 to 50 +/- 25 pg/ml; (P less than 0.01)], delta 4-androstenedione [120 +/- 80 to 55 +/- 27 ng/dl; (P less than 0.02)]; free E2 [1.6 +/- 0.4 to 1.1 +/- 0.2 pg/ml; (P less than 0.01)], SHBG [12.8 +/- 5.3 to 8.2 +/- 3 nM/l; (P less than 0.04)]. FSH rose from 4.8 +/- 3.2 to 7.6 +/- 4.2 miu/ml (P less than 0.01). LH, total and free testosterone showed no significant change. In the nonobese men, there were decreases in total E2 [(34 +/- 6.8 to 25 +/- 10 pg/ml; P less than 0.04)], SHBG [16.8 +/- 7.5 to 10.4 +/- 2.0 nM/l: P less than .05.], free E2 [0.9 +/- 0.2 to 0.7 +/- 0.3 pg/ml: P less than 0.05], delta 4 [91.4 +/- 3.6 to 33.4 +/- 16.7 ng/dl; P less than .01] and total T [492 +/- 44 to 393 +/- 121 ng/dl; P less than 0.04]. There was no significant change in E1, FSH, LH or free T.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3148564 TI - [The integration of the vaccination program in a primary care center ]. PMID- 3148565 TI - [Family planning: results of a survey in a rural environment]. PMID- 3148567 TI - [Public health and the health administration]. PMID- 3148566 TI - [A new model for the management of hospital services in the United States]. PMID- 3148568 TI - [The distribution of resources in the health field. The experience of the National Health Service (NHS)]. PMID- 3148569 TI - [The association between mortality and the cost of medications persists even controlling for per capita income]. PMID- 3148570 TI - [The budget limitation of "Insalud" and the management of health services (I). The economic crisis and organization of regional health services: repercussions on hospital efficiency]. PMID- 3148571 TI - [The budget limitation of "Insalud" and the management of health services (II). Proposals for the strategic development of hospital management]. PMID- 3148572 TI - [Present and future of food analysis]. PMID- 3148574 TI - [Experience in community health: orodental health plan in a region in Granada]. PMID- 3148573 TI - [Validity of hospital statistics, a crucial problem]. PMID- 3148575 TI - [Scientific meetings: towards a greater participation and debate]. PMID- 3148576 TI - [Health care financing]. PMID- 3148577 TI - [Function of hospital cost. Study of 151 hospitals]. PMID- 3148579 TI - [Use of public health services in the population covered by an obligatory insurance scheme]. PMID- 3148581 TI - [The quality of care in the health system]. PMID- 3148578 TI - [Multiple coding of death causes: analysis of a sample of statistical mortality bulletins]. PMID- 3148580 TI - [Factors related to the use of public health services by a population covered by an obligatory insurance scheme]. PMID- 3148582 TI - [Comparative analysis of the use of health services in an obligatory insurance scheme]. PMID- 3148583 TI - [Audit of clinical records in primary care: 6 years' experience]. PMID- 3148584 TI - [Social aspects of pregnancy in adolescents]. PMID- 3148585 TI - [AIDS: analysis of causal evidence]. PMID- 3148586 TI - [Diet, environmental factors and gastric cancer]. PMID- 3148587 TI - [Ambulatory visit groups]. PMID- 3148588 TI - [Quality of surveys on hospital morbidity]. PMID- 3148589 TI - [What is safe in long-term therapy of peptic ulcer?]. PMID- 3148590 TI - [Enteral feeding by endoscopic approaches replaces parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 3148591 TI - [A 40-year-old patient with progressive fatigue and cor pulmonale]. PMID- 3148592 TI - Population differences in intestinal permeability to chromium EDTA. PMID- 3148593 TI - [Acetylsalicylic acid pseudoallergy: an anomaly of thrombocyte function?]. AB - After a short historical review, the clinical symptomatology of the pseudoallergic reactions (PAR) after intake of acetylsalicylic acid (ASS) is examined. An intolerance to ASS mostly becomes manifest as bronchial asthma- sometimes up to a status asthmaticus: it is frequently combined with vasomotoric rhinopathia and nasal polyps (so-called "aspirin triad") or as urticaria and angio-edema, seldom as a shock reaction. These symptoms can - in contrast to an allergy--appear at the first intake of the drug. Changes in the arachidonic acid metabolism are of pathogenetic importance, as all substances that inhibit the cyclooxygenase pathway [e.g., most of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)] are not tolerated by ASS-sensitive patients. Generally, a typical clinical history is sufficient for the diagnosis. Due to the fact that the ASS and NSAID pseudoallergy so far cannot be proved by in vitro methods, oral or inhalative provocation tests are needed when the tolerance situation to the drugs is unknown. However, these tests present high risks. A research group working with Capron (Lille) has recently been able to prove that washed platelets from patients with an analgetic asthma syndrome show an abnormal in vitro response to ASS or NSAID - like indomethacin and fluriprufen - which is characterized by liberation of cytocydal supernatants against parasites, as well as of free O2 radicals, which can be detected by chemiluminescence. Therefore, a platelet anomaly of arachidonic acid metabolism seems to be pathognomonic for ASS asthma. It is not yet known whether or not this is also related to ASS urticaria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3148594 TI - Xenogenization of tumor cells by transfection with plasmid containing env gene of Friend leukemia virus. AB - A rat hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (cKDH-8 cl-11) showed decreased tumorigenicity after transfection with an envelope gene derived from a Friend leukemia virus (FV-env gene). FV-env gene product was found by indirect immunofluorescence staining to be expressed on the cell surface of the FV-env gene-transfected cells. The FV-env-transfected cells (FV-env cKDH-8), however, grew well in X-irradiated immunosuppressed rats, indicating that the reduction in tumorigenicity of the transfected cells is based on immunological reaction in the host. The rats which rejected FV-env cKDH-8 cells showed resistance to rechallenge with the parent cKDH-8 cl-11 tumor cells. These results suggest that the FV-env gene product may elicit antitumor immunity against FV-env cKDH-8 cells in a host with a resultant reduction in the tumorigenicity of these cells. PMID- 3148596 TI - A case-control study of the effectiveness of cervical cancer screening in Osaka, Japan. AB - In the small town of Nose in Osaka, Japan, a population-based screening program for cervical cancer by Papanicolaou smear has been conducted since 1965. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of screening in terms of the reduction of the mortality and the incidence of invasive cervical cancer, two types of case control studies were carried out. In the first study, the case series consisted of all women who died of cervical cancer under 80 years of age at the time of diagnosis in 1965-1987 (N = 15). For each case, 10 controls were chosen from living residents, matched by year of birth. It showed that the odds ratio (OR) of dying of cervical cancer for screened versus non-screened women was 0.22 (95% CI = 0.03-1.95). In the second study, the case series consisted of all women who were diagnosed as having invasive cancer under 80 years of age at the time of diagnosis in the same period (N = 28). For each case, 10 controls were chosen from living residents without invasive cancer, matched by year of birth and according to whether or not they were screened at the year of the diagnosis of the matched case. It showed that the OR of getting invasive cancer for screened versus non-screened women was 0.41 (95%CI = 0.13-1.29). From these results, it was estimated that 78% of cervical cancer mortality and 59% of invasive cervical cancer incidence among non-screened women could be prevented by cervical cancer screening. PMID- 3148595 TI - Production of parathyroid hormone-related protein in adult T-cell leukemia cells. AB - Human parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) mRNA was detected in peripheral leukemic cells obtained from adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patients as well as in cultured human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected T-cell lines. In contrast, PTHrP mRNA was not detected in other types of leukemic cells. Using radioimmunoassay, immunoreactive PTHrP was also detected in the spent media of HTLV-I-infected T-cell lines. These results suggest that PTHrP plays an important role in developing the hypercalcemia frequently observed in ATL patients. PMID- 3148598 TI - Augmenting effect of a nonmutagenic fraction in soy sauce on mutagenicity of 3 diazotyramine produced in the nitrite-treated sauce. AB - When 25 kinds of Japanese soy sauce at a concentration of 5% were incubated with 50mM sodium nitrite (pH 2) at 37 degrees for 1 hr, the reaction mixtures induced 34-834 (average 368 +/- 228) revertants per microliter of soy sauce equivalent in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 in the absence of S9 mix. The mutagen(s) formed was very unstable under natural daylight and a fluorescent lamp but quite stable under a yellow lamp as well as in the dark. In addition to the known precursors, i.e., tyramine and 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3 carboxylic acid, 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline, which caused weak mutagenesis, was found in the soy sauce. However, the sum of the activities of the three mutagen-precursors after nitrite treatment accounted for only a part of the mutagenicity of nitrite-treated soy sauce. There was in the soy sauce a factor which increased ninefold the mutagenicity of nitrite-treated tyramine, 3 diazotyramine. Therefore, tyramine was considered the principal precursor of the mutagen produced in the nitrite-treated soy sauce. These three precursors together with the mutagenicity augmentation accounted for all the mutagenicity of nitrite-treated sauce. The mutagenicity-augmenting factor in the soy sauce was nonmutagenic before and after nitrite treatment and was stable to heat and light irradiation. PMID- 3148597 TI - Somatic mutation in peripheral lymphocytes of former workers at the Okunojima poison gas factory. AB - The former workers at the Okunojima poison gas factory comprise a high risk group for malignant tumors such as respiratory tract cancer. Demonstration of injury to somatic cell genes in this group may provide important data for evaluating the association between mustard gas and malignant tumors. So we measured the frequency of T lymphocytes lacking the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) activity, by cloning with interleukin 2 (IL2). In this study, we performed cloning of T lymphocytes lacking the HGPRT activity using recombinant IL2 (rIL2) and observed an increased frequency of somatic mutation in poison gas workers who had had more chances to be exposed to mustard gas and those who had worked for a longer period. This result suggested that inhalation of small amounts of mustard gas damaged somatic cell genes, resulting in carcinogenesis. PMID- 3148599 TI - Low tumorigenic response to 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl administration in the prostate of rats castrated at birth. AB - Six-week-old rats which had been orchiectomized at birth were given 3,2'-dimethyl 4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB) at various doses combined with a stimulus to prostate epithelial cell proliferation in the form of oral administration of methyltestosterone (MT) for 4 weeks. Thereafter MT treatment was continued or the animals received subcutaneous implants of testosterone propionate (TP) and were maintained until sacrifice at week 60. Although prostatitis and prostatic enlargement were frequently observed, especially in the TP group, numbers of atypical hyperplastic lesions were low and only one prostatic carcinoma in situ developed. Thus, despite the presence of proliferation, castration brought about a significant reduction in susceptibility to DMAB. PMID- 3148600 TI - Mechanisms of differential strain sensitivity in gastric carcinogenesis. AB - The genetically-controlled, distinct sensitivity of different rat strains to N methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced cancer of the glandular stomach and duodenum was investigated. MNNG is activated through thiols, and the thiol content of the glandular stomach, duodenum, and liver of the BN rat tended to be slightly, but not significantly higher than that of the Wistar, Sprague-Dawley, Lewis, and Buffalo rats. The levels of the DNA repair system, O6-alkylguanine transferase (AGT), in sensitive Wistar strain rats had values similar to those in resistant Buffalo strain rats. Administration of 80 mg/liter of MNNG in the drinking water for six weeks up to the time of tissue collection yielded the same AGT levels. Of all the parameters examined to account for genetically-mediated sensitivity to gastrointestinal cancer induction, namely, N-denitrosation, thiol activation, AGT-related DNA repair, and cell duplication rates, the latter yielded the best association, although these factors acting together may be involved. PMID- 3148601 TI - A simple and useful method for simultaneous screening of elevated levels of expression of a variety of oncogenes in malignant cells. AB - Abnormal expression of various oncogenes has been implicated in the development of many malignant tumors. Although RNA blotting methods have been used to measure abnormal expression, they involve the time-consuming process of individually labeling the oncogene probes. To simplify this process we have attempted to develop a new method, termed simultaneous screening, which is based on the synthesis of radiolabeled cDNA corresponding to the mRNA population of malignant cells and on hybridization with various oncogene probes, immobilized on a membrane filter. This method circumvents the time-consuming process of the prevailing RNA blotting methods and is also sensitive enough to detect accurately a five- to ten-fold level of expression of rare mRNA (approximately 10 copies per cell). Overexpression of ten oncogenes was detected in a variety of malignant cells and mitogen-stimulated cells with this method. These results suggest that our simultaneous screening method can be used to examine the overexpression of oncogenes. PMID- 3148602 TI - Induction of differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia M1 cells by serum of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - We examined the capacities of sera from patients with myeloid leukemia to induce differentiation in mouse myeloid leukemic M1 cells. Higher differentiation inducing activity (D-activity) was detected in sera of patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia or chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) than in sera of patients with acute myeloid leukemia and normal volunteers. The D-activity in the sera was lost on heating the sera at 56 degrees for 30 min. The major peak of D activity on Sephadex G-200 gel filtration had an apparent molecular weight of 160,000. The origin of the D-activity in sera of patients with CML was studied by culturing fractions of peripheral blood cells of patients with D-activity for 3 days and then measuring the ability of the conditioned medium (CM) to induce differentiation of M1 cells. The cells in the myeloblast and promyelocyte fraction differentiated spontaneously into macrophage-like cells during culture for 3 days and the cells in the late granulopoietic cell fraction differentiated into neutrophil-like cells. Higher D-activity was present in CM of cells in the myeloblast and promyelocyte fraction than in CMs of late granulopoietic cell fractions. These results suggest that human leukemic cells produce D-activity for M1 cells during their differentiation into macrophage-like cells. PMID- 3148603 TI - Involvement of the kinin-generating cascade in enhanced vascular permeability in tumor tissue. AB - Enhanced vascular permeability in tumor tissue has profound pathological consequences in tumor biology. However, details of the mechanism involved are not clear. The present work on tumor vascular permeability has led to the following three findings. (i) Ascitic tumor fluid contained kinin (about 1-40 ng/ml), which is known to enhance vascular permeability and induce pain in vivo. (ii) Kinin is generated via the kallikrein-dependent cascade in the ascitic tumor fluid. By blocking this kinin-generating cascade with Kunitz-type soybean trypsin inhibitor the formation of ascites was suppressed. (iii) Blocking of kinin-degrading enzymes (kininases I and II) by an appropriate kininase inhibitor (e.g., captopril) may result in increased permeability, leading to accumulation of the ascitic fluid. This phenomenon was verified by an about 1.2-1.5 fold increase in leakage of 51Cr-labeled bovine serum albumin into the ascites when kininase inhibitors had been administered orally 30 min before intravenous administration of the bovine serum albumin. PMID- 3148604 TI - Inhibitory effect of tamoxifen on diethylstilbestrol-promoted hepatic tumorigenesis in male rats and its possible mechanism of action. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg body weight). Two weeks later the rats were divided into 4 groups; DEN-C group rats were given no further treatment; DEN-DES group rats were fed diethylstilbestrol (DES, 0.5 mg/day); DEN-TMX group rats were given tamoxifen (TMX, 1.0 mg/day) orally; DEN-DES TMX group rats were fed both DES and TMX for 8 months. Rats of the DEN-DES group developed grossly visible hepatic tumors. On the other hand, tumor development was significantly inhibited in rats of the DEN-DES TMX group. Total area of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase positive lesions and the mean area per lesion were significantly larger in rats of the DEN-DES group than those of the DEN-C, DEN-TMX or DEN-DES-TMX group. Estrogen receptor (ER) content of liver cytosol assayed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was significantly greater in rats of the DEN-DES group than in those of the DEN-C group and smaller in rats of the DEN-TMX and DEN-DES TMX group than in the DEN-C group. On the contrary, ER content of liver nuclei was significantly greater in rats of the DEN-TMX and DEN-DES TMX group than in those of the DEN-C or DEN-DES group. These results suggest that the promotive action of DES and the inhibitory action of TMX on DES-promoted hepatic tumorigenesis are, at least in part, mediated by ER in the rat. PMID- 3148605 TI - Establishment of a human monoclonal antibody to Hanganutziu-Deicher antigen as a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen. AB - We have established a human-human hybridoma producing a monoclonal antibody against a tumor-associated carbohydrate-specific antigen, Hanganutziu-Deicher (HD) antigen. Human spleen lymphocytes from a patient with esophageal varices complicated with liver cirrhosis were cultured in serum-free medium and co stimulated with both anti-human mu-chain antibodies and supernatants of concanavalin A-stimulated human spleen cell culture (ConA sup). The activated lymphocytes were subsequently primed in vitro with particulate HD3 antigen and fused with a parent hybrid myeloma cell line, KR-12. A hybridoma, 1F43E31G7 produced anti-HD human monoclonal antibody (IgM lambda). This monoclonal antibody reacted strongly with N-glycolylneuraminyl alpha 2-3 lactosylceramide (HD3) and slightly with N-glycolylneuraminyl alpha 2-3 lactoneotetraosylceramide (HD5), but did not react with N-glycolylneuraminyl alpha 2-3 lactoneohexaosylceramide (HD7), N-acetylneuraminyl alpha 2-3 lactosylceramide (GM3) and other derivatives of HD3 prepared by chemical modification of the sialic acid residue of HD3, which indicates that the monoclonal antibody is directed precisely toward the terminal sialic acid and whole structure of HD3. PMID- 3148607 TI - Radiation, hyperthermia, and their combination in treatment of chemically induced autochthonous tumors in mice. AB - All autochthonous tumors induced chemically in the thighs of C3H/He mice showed recurrence after single X-irradiation with 20-60 Gy when they were 10 mm in diameter, although this treatment caused temporary, dose-dependent regression. Hyperthermia for 30 min at 43.0 degrees alone had little effect. However, in 2 of 16 mice, hyperthermia after irradiation at 60 Gy resulted in complete cure, i.e., survival of mice without recurrence for more than 120 days after treatment. These results indicate that the combined treatment of radiation and hyperthermia is necessary to obtain the cure of mouse autochthonous tumors. PMID- 3148606 TI - A monoclonal antibody, KM10 reactive with human gastrointestinal cancer and its application for immunotherapy. AB - A monoclonal antibody, KM10 (IgG1) was produced by fusing spleen cells from a human gastric cancer cell (MKN45)-primed BALB/c mouse with the murine myeloma cell line X63-Ag8-653. The antibody reacted strongly with the plasma membrane of human gastrointestinal carcinoma. Sections of the malignant and benign tissues were tested with immunoperoxidase. All of 10 (100%) large intestinal cancers, 26 of 31 (84%) gastric cancers, 5 of 7 (71%) pancreatic cancers and all of 3 (100%) ampullary cancers reacted positively. Moderate or weak reactivity was observed with normal human tissues, hepatoma and carcinomas of mammary, thyroid and adrenal glands. According to a study of the distribution of 125I-labeled KM10 in nude mice bearing human gastric cancer, KM10 selectively localized in tumor tissue rather than normal tissue. Whole body autoradiography also supported such a selective distribution. Destruction of antigenic properties by pronase digestion demonstrated its protein nature and by Western blot analysis, it was identified as a protein with an Mr of 180-200 kd. KM10-adriamycin (ADM) conjugate was prepared via an oxidized dextran bridge and this immunoconjugate retained the binding activity against human gastric cancer. MKN45 cells were inoculated subcutaneously into athymic mice and intravenous treatment was begun when the tumor became measurable. A dose-dependent antitumor activity was observed in vivo with KM10-ADM conjugate, while this conjugate was less toxic than free ADM. PMID- 3148608 TI - Reverse-phase liquid chromatographic determination of lysine in complete feeds and premixes, using manual precolumn derivatization. AB - A sample portion is hydrolyzed with 6N HCl for 23 h and cooled, the pH is adjusted to 7.7 with NaOH, and the solution is diluted with pH 7.7 borate buffer. An aliquot of the sample extract is derivatized with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (9-FMC). Lysine is separated from other amino acids by isocratic reverse-phase liquid chromatography (LC) using fluorescence detection: 260 nm excitation and 313 nm emission. The mobile phase is acetonitrile-0.1M acetic acid (pH 4.2) buffer (53 + 47). Linearity is satisfactory over a range of 0.4-24 micrograms/mL. Results from 9 feed samples (1.1-2.7% lysine) analyzed by both the LC method and an amino acid analyzer were not significantly different statistically. Recovery of standard lysine, spiked just before derivatization on these same 9 samples (in duplicate), was 100.9% with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.4%. A study of within-day and between-day method precision resulted in CVs of 1.1 and 1.8%, respectively. The variation of results was negligible when the method was tested for ruggedness on 7 factors. PMID- 3148609 TI - Quantitative evaluation of bacteria washed from stainless steel penicylinders during AOAC use-dilution method. AB - Stainless steel penicylinders inoculated separately with test bacteria (Salmonella choleraesuis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Staphylococcus aureus) are used in the AOAC use-dilution method (UDM) for disinfectant efficacy testing. Numbers of bacteria remaining on penicylinders were quantitatively assessed to determine if cells are washed from the penicylinders after a 10 min exposure to phosphate buffer dilution water (PBDW). Inoculated penicylinders were also examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the presence of cells remaining attached to the penicylinders after a 10 min exposure to a quaternary ammonium disinfectant and separately to PBDW. The percentage of cells washed from inoculated penicylinders exposed to PBDW was 89.9 for Salmonella choleraesuis, 48.8 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 38.8 for Staphylococcus aureus. Qualitative examination of penicylinders by scanning electron microscopy confirmed the attachment of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa cells to penicylinders exposed separately to PBDW and a quaternary ammonium disinfectant. Few S. choleraesuis cells were observed on penicylinders exposed to PBDW and no cells were observed after disinfectant exposure. The variability of the numbers of viable cells entering the recovery media among the 3 UDM test bacteria due to cell detachment could be a significant factor in the recognized variability of the use-dilution method. PMID- 3148610 TI - Sensitive enzyme immunoassay of cephalexin residues in milk, hen tissues, and eggs. AB - A sensitive enzyme immunoassay for cephalexin (CEX) was developed using the rabbit antiserum to CEX, beta-D-galactosidase-labeled CEX, and a double-antibody separation method. The immunogen of CEX was prepared by coupling the amino group of CEX to thiol groups introduced into bovine serum albumin by the use of N-(m maleimidobenzoyloxy)succinimide as a cross-linker. Highly titered antiserum to CEX was produced in rabbits immunized with the immunogen. Enzyme labeling of CEX with beta-D-galactosidase was done by using N-(gamma maleimidobutyryloxy)succinimide as the cross-linker. The limit of detection was 30 ng CEX/mL sample solution. Application of the method to CEX drug residues detected 30 ng/mL in milk, 60 ng/g in egg yolk, and 400 ng/g in hen tissue. PMID- 3148611 TI - Determination and depletion of residues of carbadox, tylosin, and virginiamycin in kidney, liver, and muscle of pigs in feeding experiments. AB - The results of residue determinations of the growth promotors carbadox, tylosin, and virginiamycin in kidney, liver, and muscle from pigs in feeding experiments are described as well as the analytical methods used. Residues of the carbadox metabolite quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid were found in liver from pigs fed 20 mg/kg in the diet with a withdrawal time of 30 days. No residues were detected in muscle with zero withdrawal time. The limit of determination was 0.01 mg/kg for both tissues. No residues of virginiamycin and tylosin were found in pigs fed 50 and 40 mg/kg, respectively, in the diet, even with zero withdrawal time. Residues of tylosin of 0.06 mg/kg and below were detected in liver and kidney from pigs fed 200 or 400 mg/kg and slaughtered within 3 h after the last feeding. PMID- 3148612 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of glibenclamide in human plasma. AB - The oral hypoglycemic agent glibenclamide was determined in human plasma by liquid chromatography (LC). Samples, with internal standard added, are extracted with dichloromethane. The organic phase is evaporated, and the residue is reconstituted in mobile phase for injection onto the LC column. Intra- and inter day variability of the method was assessed at high and low levels of the drug. Although coefficients of variation were similar for both intra- and inter-day studies at both levels, CVs were smaller at the higher concentration level. Recovery of the drug was good at both high and low levels. The minimum level of detection was 5 ng/mL. PMID- 3148613 TI - Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of cleanup for thin-layer chromatography of aflatoxin B1 in corn, peanuts, and peanut butter. AB - A simple, rapid enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to evaluate the performance of each step (extraction, filtration, solvent partition, and silica gel column chromatography) of a solvent-efficient thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method which is undergoing interlaboratory collaborative study for the determination of aflatoxin B1 in corn, raw peanuts, and peanut butter. The apparent average recoveries using the ELISA method were about 30 to 50% higher than those using the TLC method if only the amount of B1 added to the samples was used in the calculations. After the cross-reaction of the antibody with other aflatoxins added to the samples was considered, the amounts recovered approached the levels of aflatoxins added in all 3 commodities tested. With no cleanup treatment, ELISA recoveries at aflatoxin B1 levels above 7.5 ng/g were 84, 79, and 103% for corn, raw peanuts, and peanut butter, respectively. The coefficients of variation were between 5.2 and 25.2%. With each cleanup step in the TLC method, ELISA detected a progressive decrease in recovery from 150.5 to 105.3% (before correction for the presence of other aflatoxins) or from 93.5 to 65.4% (after correction for other aflatoxins) of B1 added to the samples. The ELISA data support the conclusion obtained from previous studies that cleanup treatments were not necessary in the ELISA. When large amounts of other aflatoxins are present, an understanding of the cross-reactivity of antibody with other aflatoxins in the ELISA is essential for final interpretation of the data. PMID- 3148615 TI - Poly-N-acetyllactosamines synthesized by cultured Ehrlich carcinoma cells: application of endo-beta-galactosidase C for analysis of the terminal structure. AB - Poly-N-acetyllactosamines were prepared from Ehrlich carcinoma cells cultured in the presence of [14C]galactose. Methylation analysis indicated that 31% of the galactose was in the non-reducing end. Of it, 77% was cleaved by alpha galactosidase, and 56% was released as a disaccharide by endo-beta-galactosidase C. Methylation analysis confirmed that the released disaccharide was mostly Gal alpha 1----3Gal. Therefore, Gal alpha 1----3Gal structure, not Gal alpha 1--- 3(Gal alpha 1----6)Gal structure, was the major alpha-galactosyl structure in the poly-N-acetyllactosamines synthesized. Furthermore, alpha-galactosidase digestion did not change the content of disubstituted galactosyl residues. Thus, Gal alpha 1----3(Gal alpha 1----6)Gal structure, which was suggested to be the sole non reducing terminal structure of poly-N-acetyllactosamines of Ehrlich carcinoma cells, was not detected in significant amounts under the present experimental conditions. PMID- 3148614 TI - Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric confirmation of identity of coprostanol in Mercenaria mercenaria (Bivalvia) taken from sewage-polluted water. AB - Coprostanol is a major fecal sterol in humans and may, therefore, be a good indicator of sewage-polluted waters. Some types of edible seafood, such as clams, that live in these waters may be contaminated with coprostanol. Coprostanol from clam tissue extracts had been previously quantitated by gas chromatography (GC). In the present work, capillary column GC was used to separate coprostanol, and electron ionization mass spectrometry was used to confirm its identity. Confirmation of identity of coprostanol at the 75 ng level was obtained by comparing the spectrum of the authentic standard with spectra of the clam tissue extract obtained under the same instrumental conditions. Various other compounds can be eliminated as potential interferences by virtue of either their different GC retention times or their spectra. PMID- 3148617 TI - Identification of the penicillin-binding active site of penicillin-binding protein 2 of Escherichia coli. AB - We determined the active site of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2 of Escherichia coli. A water-soluble form of PBP 2, which was constructed by site directed mutagenesis, was purified by affinity chromatography, labeled with dansyl-penicillin, and then digested with a combination of proteases. The amino acid composition of the labeled chymotryptic peptide purified by HPLC was identical with that of the amino acid sequence, Ala-Thr-Gln-Gly-Val-Tyr-Pro-Pro Ala-Ser330-Thr-Val-Lys-Pro (residues 321-334) of PBP 2, which was deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the pbpA gene encoding PBP 2. This amino acid sequence was verified by sequencing the labeled tryptic peptide containing the labeled chymotryptic peptide region. A mutant PBP 2 (thiol-PBP 2), constructed by site directed mutagenesis to replace Ser330 with Cys, lacked the penicillin-binding activity. These findings provided evidence that Ser330 near the middle of the primary structure of PBP 2 is the penicillin-binding active-site residue, as predicted previously on the basis of the sequence homology. Around this active site, the sequence Ser-Xaa-Xaa-Lys was observed, which is conserved in the active site regions of all E. coli PBPs so far studied, class A and class C beta lactamases, and D-Ala carboxypeptidases. The COOH-terminal amino acid of PBP 2 was identified as His633. PMID- 3148618 TI - Amino acid sequence of a lysozyme (B-enzyme) from Bacillus subtilis YT-25. AB - The amino acid sequence of a lysozyme, (B-enzyme), from Bacillus subtilis YT-25 was determined by conventional methods. B-Enzyme comprised 117 amino acid residues and had a heterogeneous sequence in the amino-terminal region. The amino acid sequence of B-enzyme was different from those of all other lysozymes the sequences of which are known. However, the partial amino acid sequence of Ser(74) to Ser(97) of B-enzyme was homologous with that of the active-site region of hen egg-white lysozyme (Ser(36) to Ser(60], which includes one of the catalytic amino acids, Asp(52). It is interesting that B-enzyme has an amino acid sequence homologous with that of the gag protein p25 of the AIDS virus ARV-2. PMID- 3148616 TI - Characterization of a glucose polymer from PC12 cells and neuronal cells of rat embryo. AB - A large-sized glucose polymer was isolated by pronase digestion from line PC12 pheochromocytoma cells metabolically labeled with [1-3H]galactose. The polymer was included on a column of concanavalin A-Sepharose and could be eluted with 10 mM methyl-alpha-mannoside. Its slight retention in a column of Bio-Gel A-5m suggested that its molecular weight was in the several millions. Glucose was the component monosaccharide and there were two minor lipophilic components present. The polymer was digested with alpha-amylase into a series of oligosaccharides and was cleaved by glucoamylase into glucose residues. The disaccharide obtained by digestion with alpha-amylase was identified as maltose in several HPLC systems and by NMR spectroscopy. NMR measurement revealed the trisaccharide to be maltotriose. Susceptibility of the polymer molecule to alpha-amylase, and the digestion products obtained, indicated a resemblance to glycogen. An analysis for saccharide compositions before and after reduction of the polymer suggested the presence of an aglycon part. Contrary to expectations based on the presence of this moiety, the polymer displayed good solubility in neutral organic solvents. Two-thirds of the glucose polymer was also soluble in 10% TCA. A similar glucose polymer was isolated from neuronal cells of rat embryos metabolically labeled with [1-3H]galactose. Mouse neuroblastoma cells did not synthesize the polymer. PMID- 3148619 TI - Sporicidal activity of local anaesthetics and their binary combinations with preservatives. AB - The sporicidal activity of a 1% solution of five local anaesthetics and five preservatives (cetrimide, chlorocresol, chlorhexidine, phenoxyethanol and phenylmercuric nitrate) at their commonly used concentrations, alone and in binary combinations, was determined against Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger spores at different temperature levels by surface viable count technique. The sporicidal activity of all tested systems was temperature dependent and A. niger spores were much more sensitive to the effect of the test systems than B. subtilis spores. The temperatures at which 99% kill is achieved after 30 min exposure were calculated. For local anaesthetics used singly against A. niger the recorded temperatures were 30 degrees C for amethocaine, 45 degrees C for amylocaine, 43 degrees C for cincochaine, 48 degrees C and 50 degrees C for lignocaine and procaine, respectively. A control temperature of 58 degrees C for saline solution was observed. Much higher temperatures were recorded for B. subtilis spores. Cincochaine was the most effective local anaesthetic with a recorded temperature of 60 degrees C for a 99% kill while amylocaine and amethocaine showed temperatures of 84 and 90 degrees C respectively. Procaine, lignocaine as well as the control saline solution recorded temperatures higher than 100 degrees C. Among the 25 binary combinations of local anaesthetics and preservatives tested, the most pronounced potentiation of the sporicidal activity against fungal spores was recorded with chlorocresol combinations, while other combinations of the four remaining preservatives showed different types of interactions at various temperature levels. PMID- 3148620 TI - Evaluation of an information booklet for general practitioners with patients on home parenteral nutrition. AB - An information package was developed for general practitioners (GPs) involved in the management of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) patients. The booklet covered five major sections: background information; HPN training; complications of HPN; arrangements for a particular patient; and hospital management of HPN. This study was designed to determine the acceptability of the booklet to GPs. A booklet and a questionnaire were distributed to 30 GPs; 23 were returned. The majority of respondents found the booklet easy to read and interesting. Most GPs found the sections on general background information and possible complications to be of great value. Overall, the booklet was very well accepted, 96% of respondents stated that the information provided was of value. PMID- 3148621 TI - An investigation into information provided for patients on home parenteral nutrition. AB - A group of 34 patients who received home parenteral nutrition (HPN) were assessed by questionnaire to determine their knowledge of basic nutritional concepts, parenteral nutrition and the procedures used to monitor HPN. The results indicated that the HPN patients had an adequate knowledge of basic nutritional concepts and that this knowledge was not significantly different from that of 76 randomly selected control subjects. However, the HPN patients had significantly less understanding of parenteral nutrition and the procedures used to monitor HPN. Based on information obtained, a booklet was written to explain HPN to the same group of patients. Eighty-eight per cent of patients found the booklet either interesting or very interesting and 91% of patients reported that the booklet was read by other family members as well as themselves. Patients who had been on HPN for short periods of time learnt more from the booklet than other patients. Many patients would have appreciated more information about HPN when they first began treatment. PMID- 3148623 TI - Assay method for product formation in in vitro enzyme kinetic studies of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferases: 2-arylpropionic acid enantiomers. PMID- 3148624 TI - Amino acid analysis of plasma: studies in sample preparation. PMID- 3148622 TI - Chromatographic studies of mitomycin C degradation in albumin microspheres. AB - Serum albumins and polylactic acid (PLA) have been used as bioerodable polymers in the preparation of drug-containing microspheres for parenteral drug delivery. The albumin microsphere may be prepared via either chemical cross-linking or heat denaturation of the protein. Heat-denatured albumin microspheres containing mitomycin C (MMC) have been used in pre-clinical and clinical investigations. Due to the high reactivity of MMC as a bifunctional alkylating agent, a study on the stability of MMC in the albumin and PLA microspheres has been carried out using a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. Human serum albumin (HSA) microspheres were prepared using an emulsion method via either heat denaturation at 120 or 170 degrees C or the use of 0.5 M biacetyl as a cross-linking agent. The PLA microspheres were prepared by an emulsion method at 55 degrees C. HPLC analysis of the HSA microspheres showed that about 37% of MMC was converted to 2,7-diaminomitosene derivatives in microspheres prepared by heat denaturation at 120 degrees C. The degradation increased to 82% when the microspheres were prepared with a denaturation temperature of 170 degrees C. The use of biacetyl as a cross-linking agent in the preparation of HSA microspheres resulted in a complete degradation of the incorporated MMC. Biacetyl was found to interact with MMC leading to the formation of 7-aminomitosene derivatives. In contrast to the albumin system, MMC may be incorporated into PLA microspheres without degradation. PMID- 3148625 TI - Simultaneous determination of fentanyl and alfentanil in rat tissues by capillary column gas chromatography. AB - Fentanyl and alfentanil were determined in blood and in thirteen tissues from rats by gas chromatography, with splitless injections on a fused-silica capillary column and nitrogen-selective detection. Sufentanil was used as the internal standard for both drugs and the acetyl analogue of sufentanil was used as an external standard to quantitate extraction recoveries. The extraction solvent was isopentanol-pentane (1:49) and a back-extraction into 0.1 M hydrochloric acid was used for sample clean-up. The extraction recoveries from tissue homogenates averaged 88% for fentanyl, 72% for alfentanil and 87% for sufentanil. The standard curves were linear over a range of 0.5-800 ng per sample for both drugs and the coefficients of variation for eight determinations of the drugs in tissue homogenates were 2-9% at 0.8-32 ng per sample. Assays of tissues from rats treated with simultaneous intravenous infusions of fentanyl and alfentanil confirmed the high precision and sensitivity of the method, which should therefore prove feasible for studies of the tissue distribution of these opioids. PMID- 3148626 TI - Phase-system switching as an on-line sample pretreatment in the bioanalysis of mitomycin C using supercritical fluid chromatography. AB - One of the problems of the application of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) in bioanalysis is the fact that many sample pretreatment procedures deliver the solutes of interest in a polar solvent, which upon injection will dramatically disturb the phase system characteristics of the SFC system. The phase-system switching approach, recently introduced for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, can be used to avoid this problem. Plasma samples containing the thermolabile and pH-sensitive cytostatic drug Mitomycin C (MMC) were injected onto a short precolumn. After washing and drying of the precolumn the compound of interest was desorbed using a supercritical fluid and analyzed by SFC. Up to 1 ml of plasma containing 20 ng of MMC has been analyzed in this way. PMID- 3148627 TI - Isolation of virginiamycin-M1 by droplet counter-current chromatography. PMID- 3148628 TI - Effect of differing thiols on the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic behaviour of o-phthaldialdehyde-thiol-amino acids. PMID- 3148629 TI - On-line sample cleanup in the liquid chromatographic analysis of pharmaceuticals for citrate content. AB - Matrix interferents are removed from pharmaceutical samples via an on-line, automated column switching process in which the difference in hydrophobicity between the analyte and the interferents allows these species to be isolated in different parts of the chromatographic system. In this case, the interferents are trapped on a cleanup column and are flushed to waste as the analyte undergoes additional separation on an analytical column. The utility of this approach is demonstrated by the quantitation of citrate in pharmaceutical samples by ion suppression, reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The performance of this system is statistically equivalent to that of a manual pretreatment method employing disposable, solid-phase extraction cartridges. PMID- 3148630 TI - Repetitive DNA sequences as probes for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - Three cloned segments of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA which are promising as clinical probes were identified. An MboI digest of DNA from a clinical isolate of M. tuberculosis was cloned into bacteriophage M13. To identify recombinants specific for the M. tuberculosis complex, plaque lifts were hybridized with M. bovis and M. kansasii DNA. Recombinants which selectively hybridized with M. bovis DNA were characterized by probing slot blots and restriction digests of DNA from various mycobacteria. Three recombinants that did not hybridize to a significant extent with DNA from nontuberculous mycobacteria were identified. These three probes are of special interest because they are each repeated multiple (10 to 16) times in the M. tuberculosis chromosome. These probes were also shown to be useful for fingerprinting strains for epidemiological studies. PMID- 3148631 TI - Characterization of a soluble protein of Coccidiodes immitis with activity as an immunodiffusion-complement fixation antigen. AB - A 48-kilodalton (kDa) electrophoretically distinct antigen from Coccidioides immitis mycelial- and spherule-endospore-phase filtrates was previously associated by immunoblotting with the immunodiffusion band that corresponds to complement-fixing activity (ID-CF). To characterize this antigen and its precursor, both mycelial- and spherule-endospore-phase filtrates were fractionated by size exclusion chromatography, lectin affinity chromatography, and nondenaturing electrophoresis. By size exclusion chromatography, most of the protein and carbohydrate of the crude filtrates eluted in a peak of average molecular size less than 30 kDa, although other components were detected. ID-CF activity was associated with the component at a relative mobility of 110 kDa. Fractions containing the ID band that corresponded to tube precipitin activity occurred from 200 to 40 kDa. The appearance of the 48-kDa band in denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) specifically coincided with the fractions containing ID-CF activity. Nondenaturing PAGE of filtrates showed silver-stainable and immunoblot-reactive bands in the region of 110 kDa. Prior treatment with pronase destroyed this electrophoretically separable antigen, whereas periodate had no effect. Trypsin did not affect the 110-kDa band in unheated or unreduced antigen. Mycelial filtrates were chromatographed on lentil lectin or concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B to deplete them of glucose- or mannose-containing carbohydrate. The effluent fraction contained ID-CF activity and, upon denaturing electrophoresis, the 48-kDa antigen. The 110 kDa protein represents the ID-CF antigen which is heat labile and denatured to a 48-kDa band by sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE. PMID- 3148632 TI - Isolation and characterization of Mycoplasma genitalium strains from the human respiratory tract. AB - Mycoplasma genitalium, an organism first isolated from the urethras of two men with nongonococcal urethritis, has been found in throat specimens from military recruits participating in an inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine field trial in 1974-1975. Four of 16 preserved throat isolates, previously identified as strains of M. pneumoniae, have now been shown to be mixtures of M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium. Purification of these mixed mycoplasmas by selection of single colonies confirmed the presence of M. genitalium. Identification of M. genitalium was based upon the occurrence of a species-specific 140-kilodalton protein adhesin in these isolates and their serologic reactivity to an M. genitalium antiserum. The frequent occurrence of both M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium in a number of these throat specimens, in combination with their shared antigenic cross-reactivities, suggests the likelihood that M. genitalium strains are easily missed in the usual laboratory identification procedures. What role M. genitalium may play in human respiratory disease remains to be determined. PMID- 3148633 TI - Laboratory detection of high-level aminoglycoside-aminocyclitol resistance in Enterococcus spp. AB - Methods for detection of high-level resistance to aminoglycoside-aminocyclitol antibiotics were evaluated using 104 blood isolates of enterococci (97 Enterococcus faecalis and 7 Enterococcus faecium). Kanamycin was used to predict resistance to amikacin. Discrepancies between methods were resolved by time-kill studies. Four methods (MicroScan, macrotube, microtiter, and disk diffusion) for detecting resistance to gentamicin and streptomycin were compared, using 51 consecutive strains. There were 13 gentamicin-resistant strains, all of which were detected by macrotube, microtiter, and disk diffusion. MicroScan detected 2 (15%) of the 13. Of the 18 streptomycin-resistant strains, 17 (93%) were detected by disk diffusion, 16 (89%) by microtiter, 9 (50%) by macrotube, and 6 (33%) by MicroScan. An additional 53 consecutive strains were examined only by disk diffusion and microtiter for resistance to gentamicin, streptomycin, and kanamycin. The entire population of 104 strains contained 35 gentamicin-, 22 streptomycin-, and 54 kanamycin-resistant enterococcal isolates. All 35 gentamicin-resistant strains were detected by both methods. Of the 22 streptomycin-resistant strains, 1 was detected only by microtiter, 2 only by disk diffusion, and 19 by both methods. Of the 54 kanamycin-resistant strains, 1 was detected only by microtiter, 2 only by disk diffusion, and 51 by both methods. One additional strain which was resistant only by disk diffusion was susceptible to amikacin plus penicillin by time-kill studies. Disk diffusion is a suitable method for detection of high-level aminoglycoside-aminocyclitol resistance in E. faecalis and is well suited for sporadic testing. Additional data are necessary to determine the suitability of these tests for E. faecium. PMID- 3148634 TI - Serologic confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by monoclonal antibody-based coagglutination procedures. AB - Two commercially available monoclonal antibody coagglutination tests, Phadebact Monoclonal GC OMNI Test (PMGOT; Pharmacia Diagnostics AB, Uppsala, Sweden) and GonoGen (GG; New Horizons Diagnostics, Columbia, Md.), for the confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were evaluated. The sensitivities of PMGOT and GG were 99.2 and 98.7% and the specificities were 91.5 and 100.0%, respectively. False positive reactions were observed with Neisseria lactamica and Neisseria meningitidis in PMGOT. A modification of the procedure recommended by the manufacturer for PMGOT was done by substituting Todd-Hewitt broth for 0.9% saline to prepare the suspension of the test organism. This eliminated technical difficulties with the test and resulted in a sensitivity and a specificity of 99.3 and 100.0%, respectively. Advantages offered by the modified PMGOT over GG were the better predictive value of the negative test, the lower cost, the ease of reading of the test, and the lack of noninterpretable results. PMID- 3148635 TI - Outer membranes of environmental isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The outer membrane composition of 30 environmental isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was examined. Other than variations in the amounts of lipoprotein H2, there were no major differences in the outer membrane protein or lipopolysaccharide patterns when compared with those of previously studied clinical isolates. PMID- 3148636 TI - Panic attacks during sleep: a hyperventilation-probability model. AB - Panic attacks during sleep are analysed in terms of a hyperventilation theory of panic disorder. The theory assumes that panic attacks during sleep are a manifestation of severe chronic hyperventilation, a dysfunctional state in which renal compensation has led to a relatively steady state of diminished bicarbonate. Reductions in respiration during deep non-REM sleep lead to respiratory acidosis which triggers hyperventilatory hypocapnea and subsequent panic. A probability model designed to predict when during sleep panic attacks are likely to occur is supported by relevant data from studies of sleep and panic attacks. Implications for treatment are discussed. PMID- 3148637 TI - Panic attacks during relaxation and relaxation-induced anxiety: a hyperventilation interpretation. AB - This paper explains how a hyperventilation theory of panic disorder accounts for panic attacks during relaxation and relaxation-induced anxiety. The explanation is based on the observation that chronic hyperventilators maintain a steady state of low pCO2 (arterial carbon dioxide tension) and are, therefore, sensitive to relatively small increases in ventilation when metabolism is low and to relatively sudden reductions in metabolism when ventilation is relatively constant. Thus, if minute volume of air breathed remains constant while the metabolic production of CO2 decreases, as in the case of one who sits down or lies down to relax, respiratory hypocapnea may increase in intensity until it produces the familiar sensations which mark the panic attack. Data from relevant studies of panic attacks during relaxation support the hyperventilation interpretation. PMID- 3148638 TI - Lack of differential cognitive effects of lithium and carbamazepine in bipolar affective disorder. AB - Cognitive functioning was assessed in medication-free as well as carbamazepine- and lithium-treated patients with manic-depressive illness. Across a range of tests measuring attention, concentration, visuomotor function, and memory, no significant differences were observed across the three patient groups as compared with control subjects without manic-depressive illness. The clinical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3148639 TI - Limitations of laboratory methods for measuring serum levels. PMID- 3148640 TI - Lithium-induced akathisia. PMID- 3148641 TI - Myoclonus during combined tricyclic antidepressant and lithium treatment. PMID- 3148642 TI - A clinically significant interaction between carbamazepine and valproic acid. PMID- 3148643 TI - Survival of some non-starter bacteria in naturally ripened and enzyme-accelerated Cheddar cheese. AB - Effects of the addition of a proteinase (Neutrase 1-5S) and a peptidase (aminopeptidase DP-102) as agents for accelerating the ripening of Cheddar cheese on the survival of some non-starter bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and a Salmonella sp.) were studied throughout a 4 month ripening period. The enzymes were found to have no significant effect on the survival of the Gram-positive bacteria but some significant effects were observed, at some stages of the ripening period, with the Gram-negative bacteria in that lower levels were recovered from cheeses treated with the enzyme system. PMID- 3148644 TI - Inhibitory action of nisin against Listeria monocytogenes. AB - The sensitivity of nine strains of Listeria to nisin was determined as well as the minimum inhibitory concentration of nisin necessary to completely inhibit growth of these strains. All strains tested were variably sensitive to nisin and different MIC values were obtained, ranging from 740 to 10(5) IU/ml in trypticase soy agar and from 1.85 to 10(3) IU/ml in MRS agar. The inhibition of L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 in TSB trypticase at different pH values and in sterilized and nonsterilized cottage cheese by nisin (37 X 10(2) IU/ml and 2.55 X 10(3) IU/g, respectively) also was investigated. This bacterium was completely inhibited after 24 h at pH 5.0 and above. At pH 4.5, 4.0, and 3.5, it was inhibited within 24 h. In cottage cheese no Listeria survivors were found at 24 h at 37 and 4 degrees C whether or not the cheese had been sterilized when as many as .35 X 10(6) cell/g were added at zero time. PMID- 3148645 TI - Dynamics of gonadotropin release following ovariectomy and injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in early postpartum dairy cows. AB - The influence of the ovary and of injection of low doses of gonadotropin releasing hormone on secretion and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced release of gonadotropins in early postpartum cows was examined in a 2 x 2 factorial design (6 cows/group). Twelve cows were ovariectomized 2 d postpartum (calving = d 0; groups 1 and 2) and 12 cows were left intact (groups 3 and 4). Groups 1 and 3 received gonadotropin-releasing hormone (5 micrograms) every 120 min for 70 h from d 6 to d 9; groups 2 and 4 received saline by the same regimen. All animals received 50 micrograms gonadotropin-releasing hormone on d 9. Mean concentrations of FSH were higher following ovariectomy compared with those of intact cows 6 to 8 d postpartum, whereas no differences in FSH were observed between cows receiving gonadotropin-releasing hormone or saline during this period. Concentrations of LH were similar in intact and ovariectomized cows on d 6 to 8 but were increased in cows receiving gonadotropin-releasing hormone compared with cows receiving saline. Ovariectomy did not alter the gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced release of gonadotropins on d 9. Injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone on d 6 to 8 resulted in a decreased gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced release of gonadotropins on d 9. It was concluded that removal of ovarian influence resulted in increased secretion of FSH but did not affect gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced release of LH and FSH during the early postpartum period. PMID- 3148646 TI - 2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide as a specific reagent for tryptophan residues in membrane proteins: bacteriorhodopsin as an example. AB - The use of 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide for the modification of tryptophan residues in integral membrane proteins is exemplified by its application to bacteriorhodopsin from Halobacterium halobium. Complete elimination of the unreacted reagent requires delipidation of the sample with detergents and posterior chromatography. This method also allows separation of the modified from the unmodified bacteriorhodopsin molecules. Modified molecules have lost the retinal, and are thus bleached, whereas the unmodified molecules appear to retain all the characteristics of solubilized native bacteriorhodopsin. PMID- 3148647 TI - New method of blocking lysyl residues of proteins using 4-(4-methoxy-3 sulphophenyl)-2,6-bis-(4-sulphophenyl)py rylium perchlorate. PMID- 3148648 TI - Distribution of cardiac sympathetic afferent fibers in the guinea pig heart labeled by anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase. AB - Anterogradely transported wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) was used to selectively label the distribution within the guinea pig heart of cardiac sympathetic afferent fibers whose cell bodies lie in the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) of C6, C8, T1-3. The majority of fibers were seen in the posterior atrial wall, the pulmonary arterial walls, and along the major branches of the coronary arteries. Labeled fibers were also found in the parietal pericardium and associated with the atrioventricular and aortic valves. The labeling pattern was dependent upon segmental level: the most general labeling followed upper thoracic DRG injection, while labeled fibers associated with the coronary arteries were nearly absent after lower cervical DRG injection. Comparison of heart labeling among chemically sympathectomized and untreated animals demonstrated no difference in the distribution of frequency of WGA-HRP labeled fibers, indicating the specificity of this technique. The present findings indicate that the spinal sensory innervation of the heart has its major origins in the uppermost thoracic dorsal root ganglia and has a highly selective regional distribution. The implications of these findings in relation to cardiac autonomic dysfunction and pain are discussed. PMID- 3148649 TI - [The beneficial effects of short-term administration of a LHRH agonist (buserelin) in in vitro fertilization]. AB - We have assessed the beneficial effects of administering a short course of an agonist of LHRH (Buserelin) in vitro fertilisation. 274 cycles were treated with CC-HMG, 159 were treated with HMG alone and 253 by Buserelin-HMG. These were compared retrospectively. The use of a short course of Buserelin lowered significantly the rate of failed treated cycles (7% instead of 19% when it was used with CC-HMG and 27% when used with HMG). This made it possible to administer hCG in all cases in the programme (100% as against 69% and 89% respectively for CC-HMG and HMG without Buserelin), and increase significantly the number of oocytes that could be recovered and the number of embryos available for transfer. The overall number of pregnancies per cycle treated is significantly raised when Buserelin is used with HMG (20.4% as against 13.5% for CC-HMG and HMG). The number of pregnancies that progressed, on the other hand, was similar when the cycle was stimulated with HMG alone (10.6%) or with Buserelin-HMG (10.6%). PMID- 3148651 TI - The shadow price of pluralism: the use of tax expenditures to subsidize hospital care in the United States. AB - During the 1980s, and particularly during the past year, controversy has arisen over the propriety of the not-for-profit hospital's tax-exempt status. In addressing the issue, policy analysts and activists have focused attention on the comparative efficiency and effectiveness of not-for-profit and for-profit hospitals' provision of social benefit, variously conceived and quantified. We review the results of current research carried out within that focus and suggest that the findings are inconclusive and the focus misplaced. A more profitable avenue of inquiry would be to explore the extent to which the dominance of tax subsidized not-for-profit hospitals is a societally preferred means of achieving the provision of a level of access to quality care that otherwise would require a large direct government subsidy. PMID- 3148650 TI - PPS waivers: implications for Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial insurers. AB - This paper compares the Medicare prospective payment system (PPS) to four all payer rate-setting systems that operated under HCFA waiver authority. The study examines the experience of Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial insurers under the two approaches. Data from several American Hospital Association surveys and from Medicaid 2082 report forms are analyzed. The paper concludes that the all-payer waiver programs have been as successful as PPS in controlling the rate of growth in Medicare costs. In addition, Medicaid programs are more successful in controlling their outlays in all-payer rate-setting environments than when they "go alone." Finally, there is no evidence to suggest that hospitals can increase charges in response to greater financial need under either PPS or the state waivers. Nevertheless, it appears that commercial insurers are better able to compete with Blue Cross plans in all-payer rate-setting states than elsewhere. PMID- 3148652 TI - An epidemiological study of non-A non-B viral hepatitis in nurses' hostel, Raipur, Madhya Pradesh--1985. PMID- 3148654 TI - [Neurohistologic studies of cortical pyramidal neurons in the rat following rehabilitation of early postnatal malnutrition]. AB - The experimental animals were 60 days old rats which had been suffering from undernutrition during day 1 till day 20 of their early postnatal life. The recovery from the retardation in brain development induced by the experiment was investigated by quantitative light microscopical methods in GOLGI impregnated material. In pyramidal neurons of lamina III or V of the anterior cingulate cortex several neuronal parameters were estimated in a single dendritic field (EDF) indicative for the development of the dendritic tree and spine distribution of these neurons. The results demonstrate a sufficient recovery in those cases when the rehabilitation is beginning already within the period of intensive brain growth. The duration of this growth spurt is prolongated in the experimental animals. Therefore, after the starvation period the brain is supposed to have some potency for further neuronal differentiation, also beyond the 20th day of life. This fact is considered to be decisive for a full recovery. After the starvation period at day 20 the lamina V pyramidal neurons were found to have developed a significantly smaller dendritic tree (minus 15%) equipped with a strongly reduced spine number (minus 30%). After the recovery time of 40 days the control values were reached, moreover, the spine density in apical dendrites was enhanced in comparison to controls. Likewise, in the lamina III pyramidal neurons of experimental animals, the apical dendritic tree was shortened by 25-30%, the basal dendritic tree by 10% at the end of the undernutrition period. However, after recovery of 40 days the dendritic tree of these neurons developed a significant overshoot of 15-20% in comparison to controls. The spine number at basal dendrites was similar to controls, but at apical dendrites significantly higher. The differences in the recovery pattern of both neuron types are explained by the hypothesis that the lamina III pyramidal neurons are phylogenetically younger and, therefore, have a considerably longer postnatal differentiation phase. Thus, they show a stronger retardation in growth by the undernutrition. However, during rehabilitation and recovery they show a larger increment in growth and differentiation. PMID- 3148653 TI - The release of tumor necrosis factor from endotoxin-stimulated rat Kupffer cells is regulated by prostaglandin E2 and dexamethasone. AB - Evidence is presented that upon stimulation with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), Kupffer cells, the body's largest pool of sessile macrophages, synthesize and liberate a factor whose immunological, cytotoxic and chemical properties are those described for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells do not produce detectable amounts of this protein. Ten nanograms of LPS per ml medium are sufficient to stimulate a substantial release of this mediator. Recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN gamma) per se is a poor inducer of TNF release. Costimulation with endotoxin and rIFN gamma shows only a slight increment in the release of this cytotoxic factor, relative to LPS alone. Exposure of Kupffer cells to the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 or to elicitors of the oxidative burst and superoxide production, e.g. zymosan or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, stimulates only a fraction (20%) of the TNF release seen after endotoxin challenge. Prostaglandin E2, the synthesis of which is strongly enhanced after challenge of rat Kupffer cells with LPS, suppresses the release of TNF by these cells. This autoregulatory mechanism may explain the kinetics of TNF production by stimulated Kupffer cells. Dexamethasone is another important mediator capable of reducing the LPS-elicited TNF formation. An effect of the glucocorticoid hormone can still be provoked if it is added simultaneously with or shortly after LPS. This rapid action requires a mechanism that is different from the time-consuming one leading to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in Kupffer cells. PMID- 3148655 TI - The Mls locus: past, present and future. PMID- 3148656 TI - High frequency of Mlsa-reactivity among Ab-restricted, H-Y-specific T cell clones. AB - A high frequency (80%) of Ab-restricted, H-Y-specific T cell clones, but not of Ab-restricted LDH-B-specific T cell clones, was found to be Mlsa-reactive. This reactivity could be inhibited by class II (A and E)-specific antibodies, and required an E-positive stimulator cell. The proliferation was also blocked by T cell receptor-specific and by CD4-specific antibodies. Possible interpretations of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3148657 TI - Augmented in vitro presentation of Mls determinants after anti-immunoglobulin induced B cell activation: ontogeny and role of purified B cells. AB - Murine splenocytes which contained B cells activated by in vivo exposure to affinity-purified goat anti-mouse IgD (GaMD) antibody were utilized to present major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC minor lymphocyte-stimulating (Mlsa) determinants in a primary mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). As the time in hours after in vivo exposure to GaMD increased, splenocytes from adult mice showed a co-ordinate increase in cell size, expression of public and private MHC class II antigenic determinants and MHC and Mlsa antigen-presenting capacity. This augmented alloantigen-presenting capacity was demonstrable with either irradiated or mitomycin C-treated adult splenocytes. In contrast, GaMD-treated neonatal splenocytes from 10-day-old mice demonstrated no significantly increased class II expression or enhanced MHC stimulatory capacity, but nevertheless triggered augmented responder cell proliferation across an Mlsa barrier. Thus, increased class II expression or presenting capacity may not be required for an augmentation in splenocyte Mls-stimulating ability to occur. In vitro exposure of T cell-depleted splenocytes or highly purified small resting B cells to GaMD or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced a substantially increased ability in those populations to present MHC and Mlsa antigens in a primary MLR. Hence in vivo or in vitro activation of B lymphocytes in a stimulator cell population may yield more effective presentation of MHC and non-MHC determinants. PMID- 3148658 TI - Synergy between stimulator cells in the induction of the anti-Mlsa response. AB - We have identified two types of clones responsive to Mls determinants. One type responded vigorously to purified B cells from mice bearing Mlsa-stimulatory determinants. The other type, including clone Ly1-N5, responded vigorously to unfractionated spleen cells, but failed to respond to B cells alone or to spleen adherent cells (SAC) alone from the Mlsa-bearing mice. Synergy between two stimulator cell types, B cells and SAC, was required to induce the Mls response of clone Ly1-N5. The failure of clone Ly1-N5 to respond to Mlsa-bearing B cells was reversed by the addition of SAC taken from mice bearing the Mlsa allele or the non-stimulatory Mlsb allele. B cells were required to provide the Mlsa determinant. The Mls response of clone Ly1-N5 is restricted by class II determinants shared by the H-2b, H-2d and H-2k haplotypes, but not the H-2q haplotype. The optimal response of the clone was obtained by using B cells bearing both Mlsa and the permissive H-2 alloantigen. However, complementation was also observed between B cells bearing Mlsa and the non-permissive Iaq and SAC bearing the nonstimulatory Mlsb, but a permissive Ia epitope, resulting in activation of the clone. Clone Ly1-N5 responds to Mlsa-bearing B cells only in the presence of SAC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3148659 TI - Multidirectional interactions in an Mls-disparate response. AB - The murine T cell clone E11, isolated from a primary H-2k-histocompatible, one way mixed lymphocyte culture of B10.BR anti-C3H/Tif spleen cells, has been used to analyse multidirectional interactions in Mls-disparate responses. Several events can be observed. There is proliferation of T cells upon stimulation by macrophages or B cells of Mls-disparate stimulator cells. In addition, one finds induction of differentiation of B cells of stimulator strains. E11 T cells inhibit spreading and differentiation of macrophages of stimulator strains and also prevent the production of a T cell growth-supporting mediator by Mls disparate spleen cells. All these phenomena can be explained by Mlsa,d,e-specific induction of gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) production in the responder B10.BR (Mlsb) E11 T cells. It is suggested that gamma-IFN, as a regulator of feedback mechanisms, plays an essential role in Mls-disparate cell interactions. PMID- 3148660 TI - Staphylococcal enterotoxin B stimulation of BALB/c lymphocyte mitogenesis and potential relationship to the Mls response. AB - Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a T cell mitogen with properties different from the plant lectin mitogens. We examined the stimulation of mitogenesis induced by SEB in BALB/c mouse spleen cells and its relationship to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and related cell surface proteins. Based on the ability of specific monoclonal antibodies to block mitogenesis, SEB stimulation appears to be more dependent on interaction with I-E than with I-A class II MHC molecules. Additionally, anti-L3T4, and possibly other antibodies specific for proteins related to the T cell receptor complex, were inhibitory. When A20 cells were treated with SEB and used to stimulate BALB/c spleen cells which were not otherwise exposed to SEB, the treated A20 cells were capable of stimulating mitogenesis of the BALB/c spleen cells. The data support the hypothesis that SEB stimulation is mediated primarily by interactions with class II MHC proteins and possibly proteins in the T cell receptor complex. We also observed that the presence of SEB in DBA/2 (Mlsa)-stimulated BALB/c (Mlsb) spleen cell cultures enhanced the BALB/c mitogenesis three-fold over the sum of the SEB-plus Mls stimulated mitogenesis. These results suggest that SEB may be a useful tool for further exploration of the Mls response. PMID- 3148661 TI - An external stimulus that mimics Mls locus responses. AB - The response to a novel set of T cell mitogens has been analysed and compared to the response to Mls locus differences. These polyclonal T cell activators, staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B, stimulate T cells in a way that requires an antigen-presenting cell bearing class II MHC products and involves the CD4:T cell receptor complex. However, the specificity of MHC recognition by the T cell receptor is lost in this response. Thus, these mitogens produce a response with characteristics similar to that induced by Mls locus differences. These mitogens can be used to analyse the immunobiology of this response, and may help in understanding and identifying the Mls locus product as well. PMID- 3148662 TI - The Mls system: past and present. PMID- 3148663 TI - The relationship of Mlsx to Mlsc. AB - Among T cell clones with specificity for cow insulin and autologous class II MHC products, a significant number displayed interesting patterns of alloreactivity to non-MHC antigens. Four clones are described in this report. One is a typical Mlsa-reactive clone, while the other three proliferate to a variety of allogeneic spleen cells with reportedly different Mls phenotypes. These include PL/J stimulator cells, designated Mlsx, all strains reported to be Mlsc, and several strains previously typed as Mlsa. Little is known about Mlsx except that it does not appear to be cross-reactive with Mlsa. In this report, therefore, we attempt to investigate the reasons why these clones seem to be stimulated by a variety of different Mls phenotypes. Our conclusions are, first, that some of the strains previously typed as Mlsa may actually express a second Mls product, either c or x, in a manner analogous to the CBA/J strain (which expresses both Mlsa and Mlsc), and second, that Mlsc and Mlsx are cross-reactive. In preliminary experiments, we investigate the genetic relationship between Mlsc and Mlsx by analysis of backcrosses, and the extent of cross-reactive recognition of Mlsc and Mlsx by raising T cell clones which recognize one but not the other. Our preliminary conclusion is that Mlsc and Mlsx are cross-reactive, but represent distinct gene products. PMID- 3148664 TI - T cells define new alloantigens controlled by a gene(s) in the M1s region on mouse chromosome 1. AB - Two different types of T cell clones which recognize Mlsb haplotype gene products were established by using mice congenic at the Mls locus. The antigens defined by these T cells showed differences not only in strain distribution but also in the restriction element for antigen recognition by T cells (i.e. Kd or Dd). The antigens appear to be expressed on various types of lymphocytes. PMID- 3148665 TI - Evidence for a histocompatibility locus probably linked to but distinct from Mls and H-25. AB - BALB/c (Mlsb) and BALB.D2-Mlsa strains of mice, both H-2d, are congenic and differ for the Mls locus (and linked genes) located on chromosome 1. The BALB.D2 Mlsa strain was obtained by introducing the Mlsa allele of DBA/2 mice into BALB/c mice. In previous studies we showed that BALB.D2-Mlsa recipients reject, relatively rapidly, all skin grafts from BALB/c donors. We and other groups have questioned whether the rejections observed were indeed due to the incompatibility for Mlsb products or for products of a histocompatibility (non-H-2) locus linked to, but distinct from, Mlsb. To answer this question, several hybrids carrying either Mlsa or Mlsb in various genetic contexts were grafted with skin from Mls compatible BALB/c or BALB.D2-Mlsa donors; in the genetic combinations selected, any rejection which might occur would reflect the effects of a non-Mls incompatibility between BALB/c and BALB.D2-Mlsa strains. In certain of the donor recipient combinations studied, the skin grafts were tolerated for greater than 200 days, but a relatively rapid rejection of BALB/c skin grafts was observed in (B10.D2 x BALB.D2-Mlsa)F1 and (B10.BR x BALB. D2-Mlsa)F1 hybrid recipients. These results indicated that in addition to Mls, the BALB/c and BALB.D2-Mlsa strains differ for at least one other non-H-2 histocompatibility locus. The possible involvement of H-25 was then investigated. Indeed, disparity for H-25, which maps on chromosome 1 close to Mls, can induce relatively rapid skin graft rejection. The H-25 allele of the DBA/2 strain has not been defined: we considered, therefore, that BALB/c and DBA/2 could be disparate at the H-25 locus, and that H 25 (transmitted by DBA/2 to the BALB.D2-Mlsa strain, together with the Mlsa allele) could be responsible for the skin graft rejection we observed. Our results showed, however, that DBA/2, BALB/c and BALB.D2-Mlsa strains of mice all share the H-25c allele; they therefore ruled out a role for H-25 incompatibility in the skin graft rejections we observed, and indicated that these rejections are due to the effects of a yet undefined histocompatibility locus (locus 'x'), probably linked to, but distinct from, the Mls locus. Further experiments showed that the histocompatibility effect of locus 'x' cumulates with that exhibited by Mlsb (or by a putative histocompatibility locus linked to Mlsb). PMID- 3148666 TI - A reappraisal of Mls genetics. AB - Although the minor lymphocyte stimulatory locus (Mls) system was originally described as a single-locus, multiple-allelic system, allelism among the genes which encode Mlsa, Mlsc and Mlsd has not been demonstrated formally. In this report, genetic linkage between genes encoding Mlsa and Mlsc was studied by testing responses of unprimed T cells, as well as Mlsa- and Mlsc-specific T cell clones, to the progeny of (AKR/J x C3H/HeJ) F1 x B10.BR [(Mlsa x Mlsc)F1 x Mlsb] crosses. In addition, the configuration of Mls genes expressed by CBA/J (Mlsd) was evaluated by examining the response pattern of a panel of Mlsd-specific clones to (CBA/J x B10.BR)F1 x B10.BR stimulators. Results of these segregation analyses indicated that the Mls system is composed of at least two independent and unlinked genes which encode, respectively, the determinants identified as Mlsa and Mlsc. PMID- 3148668 TI - Pharmacokinetics of recombinant murine interferon-gamma in mice. AB - Administration of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) provides a new approach to the treatment of tumors and viral and microbial infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of recombinant murine IFN-gamma (rMuIFN-gamma) in the mouse system as a model for future investigations of the therapeutical effect of IFN-gamma. After a bolus injection of 2 x 10(4) LU/mouse by the intravenous (i.v.) route, a biphasical elimination pattern of the antiviral activity from the serum was detected in female and male C57BL/6 and CBA/2 mice with a beta half-life time of 19-32 min. After intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of rIFN-gamma, antiviral activity in serum could be detected from 30 to 270 min after the bolus application. There was a plateau in the activity from 65 to 135 min after s.c. and from 84 to 143 min after i.m. injection. Both kinetics fit with a pharmacokinetic model of biphasical elimination with an entrance compartment. PMID- 3148667 TI - Genetic relationships of Mlsa among polymorphic loci on distal mouse chromosome 1. AB - The segregation of Mlsa with respect to genes localized distally on mouse chromosome 1 was examined in two sets of recombinant inbred (RI) strains. In order to localize Mlsa, a linkage map based on analysis of both interspecific backcross mice and multiple sets of RI strains was utilized: (centromere) - Ren 1,2 - 10 centimorgans (cM) - At-3 - 8cM-Apo-A2/Ly-17 - 2cM - Spna-1 - 4cM - Akp-1 - (telomere). The Mlsa allele was mapped to a region that extended just centromeric of Ly-17 (one crossover in 40 RI strains) to just telomeric of Spna-1 (no crossover in 40 RI strains). The identification of multiple polymorphic loci in the region of Mlsa should allow precise gene localization and assist in efforts to clone this gene. PMID- 3148669 TI - Phase II trial of a combination of interferon-beta ser and interferon-gamma in patients with advanced malignant melanoma. AB - Based upon the in vitro synergistic activity of interferon-beta (IFN-beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) observed in melanoma cells, we initiated a Phase II trial using the combination to determine the clinical antitumor efficacy in patients with advanced disease. Fifteen patients with metastatic malignant melanoma were given 2,000 micrograms of recombinant IFN-gamma (rIFN-gamma) (Biogen) intravenously (i.v.) over 10 min, followed by a 10 min i.v. injection of 30 million units of recombinant IFN-beta (rIFN-beta ser) (Triton) 3 x/week. Six patients had skin, soft tissue, nodal, or subcutaneous metastases, 6 had visceral disease only, and 3 had both. Seven patients had received prior treatment, including chemotherapy (6), radiotherapy (3), and/or immunotherapy (3). Side effects included typical IFN constitutional symptoms such as anorexia, fatigue, nausea, and myalgias, but were not dose limiting. The mean drop in the white blood cell count (WBC) following 1 month of therapy, compared to baseline, was 3.3 x 10(3)/mm2 (p = 0.002); the mean increase in SGOT was 24.1 U/l (p less than 0.001). One patient had a dose reduction for Grade III anorexia and fatigue which did not resolve with repeated treatment. One patient with liver metastases had radiographical and clinical stabilization of his disease for 1 year. No responses were seen. The median time to progression was 6 weeks. Two patients' tumors were evaluable in the human tumor colony forming assay (HTCFA) and were markedly sensitive to the antiproliferative effects of IFN combinations. Both patients, however, failed to respond clinically.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3148670 TI - Pharmacokinetics of recombinant murine interferon-gamma and human interferon alpha A/D(Bgl) administered in concert and their influence on natural killer cell function in mice. AB - The pharmacokinetics of recombinant murine interferon-gamma (rMuIFN-gamma) administered alone and in combination with recombinant hybrid human interferon alpha (rHuIFN-alpha A/D-[Bgl]) were studied following intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) injections into mice. The concomitant influence of these IFNs on splenic natural killer (NK) cell function was also examined. The coinjection of both IFNs did not affect the pharmacokinetics of either after i.v. administration. However, simultaneous injection of both IFNs i.m. does result in statistically significant changes in the serum concentrations of rHuIFN-alpha A/D(Bgl). The clinical benefits of the increased bioavailability of rHuIFN-alpha A/D(Bgl) are not apparent since NK cell enhancement after both IFNs were injected together was the same as that obtained after injection of rHuIFN-alpha A/D(Bgl) alone. NK cell enhancement after both IFNs were injected together was the same as that obtained after injection of rHuIFN-alpha A/D(Bgl) alone. Correspondingly, the coinjection of both IFNs did not affect the pharmacokinetics of either. PMID- 3148671 TI - Enhanced serum levels of beta-2-microglobulin, neopterin, and interferon-gamma in patients treated with recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha. AB - The effect of different doses of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF-alpha) on serum levels of neopterin, beta-2-microglobulin and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) was investigated in tumor patients. Twelve patients with advanced malignant disease were treated and received single doses of either 1, 10, or 100 micrograms/m2 rTNF-alpha on days 0 and 7. Neopterin, beta-2 microglobulin and IFN-gamma serum levels were measured from day -2 to day 12 of the study. Application of rTNF-alpha leads to a marked and dose-dependent increase of neopterin and beta-2-microglobulin levels; no rTNF-alpha-dependent changes were observed after 1 microgram/m2, and maximum increments were seen in patients receiving 100 micrograms/m2. Serum levels of both parameters peaked after 2 days and returned to baseline values within 1 week. IFN-gamma levels were also elevated after application of rTNF-alpha. We failed, however, to demonstrate a clear correlation between the serum levels of IFN-gamma, beta-2-microglobulin, and neopterin because of the wide range of pre- and posttreatment levels of IFN gamma. We conclude that neopterin and beta-2-microglobulin represent useful markers for monitoring biological response to treatment with rTNF-alpha. PMID- 3148672 TI - Treatment of human breast cancer xenografts using natural interferons-alpha and gamma injected singly or in combination. AB - Natural interferons (nIFNs) -alpha and -gamma were used to treat nude mice bearing bilateral xenografts of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and BT 20). The IFNs were administered singly or in combination by means of intralesional (i.l.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections. In the animals treated intralesionally 1 of the 2 tumors was injected to study the local therapeutic effects, while the contralateral one was left undisturbed and used to assess systemic effects. Treatment of MCF-7 tumors with i.l. injections of nIFN-alpha and nIFN-gamma combined resulted in complete regression of the injected tumors in 8 of 20 mice treated for 2 weeks and in 10 of 10 mice of an additional group treated for 4 weeks. The corresponding contralateral tumors showed complete regression in 2 mice treated for 4 weeks and partial responses in the others. Incomplete responses were also observed when the IFNs were used singly or when they were delivered intraperitoneally. Similarly, in BT 20 xenografts the best results were obtained with i.l. injections of the 2 IFNs combined, but no complete regressions were achieved. These experiments provide further evidence for a synergistic interaction of nIFN-alpha and nIFN-gamma in vivo and indicate that the potentiated antitumoral activity is greater when these interferons are administered i.l. PMID- 3148673 TI - [Control of glycogen metabolism in the rat fetal brain]. AB - Rat fetal brain glycogen content, and glycogen synthase and phosphorylase activities were measured both in control and in hypoxia on 17th, 19th and 21st days of gestation. Glycogen distribution in the brain was also observed with an optical microscope. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Glycogen content was highest in the choroid plexus, and there tended to be located more in the periventricular areas and hemispheric surface layers of the cerebrum than in other areas. 2. Glycogen content increased from the 17th day, reaching a peak on the 19th day; it decreased with age thereafter and had decreased significantly by the 21st day. 3. Glycogen synthase a-type activity showed no change with fetal age. 4. Glycogen phosphorylase activity was lowest on the 17th day, and it increased thereafter with age. 5. When an ischemic load was applied, brain glycogen content decreased and glycogen phosphorylase a-type activity increased on the 17th and 19th days. The abovementioned findings suggest that glycogen in the rat fetal brain is distributed in the most likely sites of intracranial hemorrhage. The amount of glycogen in the rat fetal brain may depend on glycogen phosphorylase activities. Glycogen may be used as an energy source to maintain brain tissue function during hypoxia. It is also possible that glycogen plays a role in brain maturation. PMID- 3148674 TI - [Reevaluation of "hypothalamic" amenorrhea and its diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 3148675 TI - [A case of rheumatoid arthritis complicated with prolonged pneumonia and pulmonary edema possibly caused by gold sodium thiomalate-induced hypogammaglobulinemia]. PMID- 3148676 TI - [Non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma, rhabdomyolysis and DIC as a sequela of cerebral hemorrhage and its medical management]. PMID- 3148677 TI - IgG1 induction factor. AB - The IgG1 induction factor elevates the IgG1 response and reduces the IgG2b and IgG3 response in LPS-stimulated spleen cells. The factor is a lymphokine produced by T cells. The precursor frequency for cells secreting the IgG1 induction factor is at least tenfold lower as compared to those secreting interleukin 2. Some biochemical properties of the lymphokine are listed. The effects of gamma interferon in B cell-stimulated cultures are shown. Isolation of a cDNA clone coding for the IgG1 induction factor has been achieved and results of these studies are reviewed. Evidence is given that this lymphokine is the same as B cell stimulating factor 1, and we propose that it be renamed interleukin 4. Finally, the possible mechanisms of interleukin 4 are discussed. PMID- 3148679 TI - A case mix simulation decision support system model for negotiating hospital rates. AB - The institution of prospective payment systems by many health care insurers has drawn increased attention to case-based financial planning in hospitals. When hospital revenues are directly linked to patient diagnoses rather than to the types and quantities of services supplied to patients, managers must be aware of the financial implications of different case mixes and must be prepared to influence insurers' price structures. A case-based financial planning model is presented here for the purpose of assisting managerial decision making in the strategic areas of case mix planning and pricing. The computerized model characterizes hospitals as product manufacturers, the product being discharged patients. Diagnosis serves to differentiate the "products"; however, diagnoses are grouped by payor and similar treatment cost experiences to create a limited set of managerially meaningful case types. Diagnostic and treatment costs are also aggregated to facilitate the modeling of the hospital production process. The computerized model projects the number of patients of each case-type and total patient volume, based on estimated patient volume growth rates. The model also projects prices and contribution margins for each case-type, as well as total contribution to hospital overhead. Testing the model with a hypothetical example of a hospital strategic planning problem demonstrates the model's potential as a decision-making aid in case mix planning and case-type pricing. It also reveals several model shortcomings that require further developmental effort. PMID- 3148678 TI - Lipid transfers between reconstituted high density lipoprotein complexes and low density lipoproteins: effects of plasma protein factors. AB - In this study we examined the transfer of lipids between reconstituted high density lipoprotein discs (r-HDL) and human low density lipoproteins (LDL) in the presence and absence of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) or of plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP). We found that spontaneous transfer of phospholipids from r-HDL to LDL occurred by an apparent first order reaction with a half-time of 5.8 to 6.9 hr depending on the phospholipid. During the time of incubation of r-HDL with LDL (from 0 to 25 hr), the phospholipid content of r-HDL decreased more than 30%, the free cholesterol content increased 2.5-fold, and low levels of cholesteryl esters appeared in r-HDL. These compositional changes gave rise to small discoidal particles with a limiting diameter of 77 A and two molecules of apoA-I per particle. When LCAT was included in the reaction mixture, the r-HDL lost even more phospholipid, lost some free cholesterol, and gained cholesteryl esters relative to the apolipoprotein content, due to the enzymatic reaction. The products of the LCAT reaction had a diameter of 93 A and three, rather than two, apoA-I molecules per particle. Inclusion of PLTP into the reaction mixture accelerated the transfer of phospholipids (half-time of 1.7 hr) and the formation of the 77 A product. In addition to these compositional and morphological changes, which may be important in the interconversions of native HDL subspecies, the prolonged incubations revealed some slow reactions, such as the esterification of LDL cholesterol by LCAT, a background formation of cholesteryl esters in r-HDL, and an apparent hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters in LDL in the presence of r-HDL. PMID- 3148680 TI - Hormonal regulation of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase activities in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Hormonal regulation of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase activities were studied in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes from normal subjects were incubated with glucose, insulin, D,L-isoproterenol and L thyroxine, either independently or in different combinations, and changes of the enzyme activity ratios of glycogen synthase (active form (I)/total activity (T)) and glycogen phosphorylase (active form (a)/total activity (T)) were assessed. Neither glucose nor insulin changed the glycogen synthase activity ratio. However, the proportion of the active form (I) of glycogen synthase was increased by the simultaneous addition of glucose and insulin to the incubation mixture, but D,L-isoproterenol or L-thyroxine diminished this effect and caused a decrease in the proportion of the active form of glycogen synthase. Insulin had no effect on the glycogen phosphorylase activity ratio. Glucose decreased the proportion of phosphorylase in the a form. The simultaneous addition of glucose and insulin caused no further changes, whereas in the presence of D,L-isoproterenol or L thyroxine, this glucose effect was abolished and the proportion of phosphorylase a increased. These results show that both thyroid hormone and a beta-agonist alter glycogen metabolism to reduce glycogen storage in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 3148681 TI - Simplified turbidimetric determination of apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and B using a microtitre method. AB - A turbidimetric method is described for the determination of apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and B on microtitre plates. Regression analysis of the resulting values showed a good correlation to apolipoprotein values determined turbidimetrically on Cobas Bio (apolipoprotein A-I, A-II), and those determined by means of radial immuno diffusion (RID) (apolipoprotein A-I: r = 0.93, y = 1.02 x - 5.0, n = 63; apolipoprotein A-II: r = 0.90, y = 1.07 x - 5.6, n = 44; apolipoprotein B: r = 0.92, y = 0.95 x + 9.0, n = 58). The variation coefficient in the series was 3.5% (apolipoprotein A-I, n = 21), 2.5% (apolipoprotein A-II, n = 20) and 3.6% (apolipoprotein B, n = 19); and the variation coefficient from day to day 3.1% (apolipoprotein A-I, n = 45), 4.2% (apolipoprotein A-II, n = 39) and 5.3% (apolipoprotein B (n = 48). PMID- 3148682 TI - Non-excretory IgM-kappa myeloma: report of a case. PMID- 3148683 TI - Dependency on light and vitamin A derivatives of the biogenesis of 3 hydroxyretinal and visual pigment in the compound eyes of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - When the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, was reared on media deficient in carotenoids and retinoids, the level of 3-hydroxyretinal (the chromophore of fly rhodopsin) in the retina decreased to less than 1% compared with normal flies. The level of 3-hydroxyretinal increased markedly in flies that were given a diet supplemented with retinoids or carotenoids. The retinas of flies fed on all-trans retinoids and maintained in the dark predominantly contained the all-trans form of 3-hydroxyretinal, and showed no increase in the level of either the 11-cis isomer or the visual pigment. Subsequent illumination of the flies converted substantial amounts of all-trans 3-hydroxyretinal to its 11-cis isomer. The action spectrum of the conversion by illumination showed the optimum wavelength to be approximately 420 nm, which is significantly greater than the absorption maximum of free, all-trans 3-hydroxyretinal. Flies that were fed on carotenoids showed a rapid increase of the levels of 11-cis 3-hydroxyretinal and of visual pigment in the absence of light. PMID- 3148684 TI - In vivo environmental temperature and the in vitro pattern of luminal acidification in turtle bladders. Evidence for HCO3 ion reabsorption. AB - In this study, it is shown how to transfer tared aliquots of (HCO3 + CO2) containing luminal fluids directly into the mercury-sealed chamber of a modified Van Slyke apparatus and how to obtain direct as well as indirect manometric determinations of dissolved CO2 ([CO2]f) in each aliquot of such fluids. It is next shown that the pattern of in vitro luminal acidification in an isolated turtle bladder sac depends upon the prior in vivo ambient temperature to which the donor turtle had become adapted. Under in vivo conditions, the food intake, physical activity, and acid excretion of 32 degrees C-adapted turtles are greater than those of 21 degrees C or 26 degrees C-adapted turtles. Under in vitro conditions of incubating isolated bladder sacs (from 21, 26, and 32 degrees C turtles) in (HCO3 + CO2)-containing Ringer media at a single temperature (21 degrees C), the patterns of luminal acidification are as follows: (a) The rate of depletion of luminal [HCO3] is greatest in bladders from the 32 degrees C-adapted turtles. (b) Concomitant decreases in luminal [CO2]f, [HCO3], and pH (the 'CO2 decreasing patterns' of luminal acidification) develop in all bladders from 32 degrees C turtles, in half of those from 26 degrees C turtles, but in less than one-fifth of those from 21 degrees C-adapted turtles: and (c) a CO2-increasing pattern of luminal acidification is found in most of the bladders from 21 degrees C-adapted turtles. A postulated bicarbonate ion-reabsorbing pump is consistent with all of these patterns of luminal acidification. PMID- 3148685 TI - On assessing the benefits of public mosquito control practices. AB - Public mosquito control can be characterized as a nonmarket good whereby the absence of price-quantity information normally used to determine demand and benefits creates a dilemma to the researcher. In response to this dilemma economists have advanced several methods to assess demand components and value of nonmarket goods. The contingent market valuation (CMV) approach is but one method. This paper outlines the relevant theory behind benefit measures, and develops and demonstrates a CMV approach that can be used to value public mosquito control. PMID- 3148686 TI - Attraction of Aedes triseriatus to carbon dioxide. PMID- 3148687 TI - Field trial of the insect growth regulator, Dimilin, for control of Anopheles pharoensis in Gezira, Sudan. PMID- 3148688 TI - Evaluation of a "cow-type" silhouette trap with and without CO2 bait for monitoring populations of adult Simulium luggeri (Diptera: Simuliidae). AB - A "cow-type" silhouette trap with "head" and "body" collecting chambers was evaluated for use in monitoring adult populations of Simulium luggeri in Saskatchewan. Ninety-five percent of the black flies taken were S. luggeri. Other species collected included S. vittatum, S. meridionale, S. venustum and S. decorum. Traps baited with CO2 collected significantly more (P less than 0.01) S. luggeri than unbaited traps. The "body" collecting chamber took significantly more (P less than 0.01) S. luggeri than the "head" collecting chamber. PMID- 3148689 TI - A comparison of alternative mosquito abatement methods using benefit-cost analysis. AB - Benefit-cost analysis can be used to evaluate and compare projects that involve alternative mosquito control methods. A comparison of two such projects in Chatham County, GA indicated that source reduction was a contributing factor in the reduction of ground adulticide applications and quantities, and annual female densities per light-trap night of the predominant saltmarsh mosquito species in the area. Net benefits realized from source reduction were $591,319 as opposed to $409,823 and discounted net benefits were $377,729 versus $284,511 (source reduction project vs. chemical control project) demonstrating the relative effectiveness of the source reduction project in our application. Because of unique differences between areas and projects, generalizations of the above conclusion are cautioned, although the approach is easily adapted. PMID- 3148691 TI - Synaptic organization of the thalamic reticular nucleus. AB - This study describes the synaptic organization of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) in the rat, cat, and monkey using electron microscopy combined with immunocytochemistry, degeneration, or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracing methods. Three morphological types of terminals are described in the TRN of the rat: a small terminal with densely packed spherical vesicles (D-terminal), which originates from the cortex; a large terminal with loosely packed spherical vesicles (L-terminal), which originates in the dorsal thalamus; and a terminal containing flattened synaptic vesicles (F-terminal) that is probably a TRN recurrent collateral. The cortical input to the TRN has been shown by double labeling studies to terminate directly upon TRN projection neurons. Similar classes of terminals are found in the TRN of cat and monkey, but there is in addition a large terminal with spherical synaptic vesicles that is invaginated by dendritic spines. Also present in the cat and monkey, but not in the rat, are vesicle-containing dendrites and dendritic appendages. In the rat, degeneration experiments indicate that the terminals of TRN projection neurons in the dorsal thalamus are F-terminals. These terminals contain flattened synaptic vesicles and exhibit GABA immunoreactivity. PMID- 3148690 TI - Vomiting as an ictal manifestation of epileptic seizures and syndromes. AB - Twenty-four out of 900 adult and children patients with epilepsy, were found to have vomiting during an ictus. All the 24 patients were children before puberty with a similar clinical pattern consisting of partial seizures which were mainly nocturnal. Ictal vomiting was always concurrent with other epileptic manifestations, more often deviation of the eyes and impairment of consciousness. The initial part of the ictus was short or prolonged for hours with frequent "marching" to hemi-convulsions and generalised seizures. Seventeen of the 24 children suffered from benign childhood epilepsies (BCE) with complete remission in long follow-up. A significantly higher association was found between ictal vomiting and the syndrome of BCE with occipital spikes (p less than 0.001) but not with centro-temporal spikes (p less than 0.2). The recognition of this association may have important theoretical implications. On clinical grounds, it may prevent unnecessary investigations and undue concern. PMID- 3148692 TI - Neonatal nutrition casebook: nutritional management of the newborn with a postoperative chylothorax. PMID- 3148693 TI - A modest proposal. PMID- 3148694 TI - Regulation of cerebral blood flow velocity in nonasphyxiated, very low birth weight infants with hyaline membrane disease. AB - Previous studies of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood flow velocity regulation in stressed neonates, both term and preterm, have suggested that CBF is pressure passive. These studies are in conflict with data obtained from fetal and newborn animals. To determine if autoregulation of CBF is present in preterm infants, we studied eight very low birth weight infants (gestational age, 29.1 +/- 1.5 weeks; birth weight, 1117 +/- 278 g), all of whom had hyaline membrane disease that necessitated mechanical ventilation. None of the infants suffered from perinatal asphyxia, intraventricular hemorrhage, or patent ductus arteriosus. All infants demonstrated appropriate changes in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) in response to changes in arterial oxygen content and pCO2. CBFV was not affected by changes in systemic mean arterial blood pressure. The data indicate that nonasphyxiated very low birth weight infants regulate their CBF in a manner similar to that observed in adults. PMID- 3148696 TI - The nature of the chromophore responsible for naturally occurring fluorescence in mouse skin. AB - Normal mouse skin has a prominent fluorescence peak at 674 nm. Fluorescence emission and fluorescence excitation spectroscopy, carried out both in vitro and in vivo, led to the conclusion that the chromophore(s) responsible for this naturally occurring fluorescence is/are pheophorbide a and/or pheophytin a, degradation products of chlorophyll a that are derived from the mouse food. PMID- 3148695 TI - Gigahertz frequency-domain fluorometry: resolution of complex decays, picosecond processes and future developments. AB - We describe the principles, instrumentation and applications of frequency-domain fluorescence spectroscopy. This method is useful for the resolution of multi exponential decays and complex anisotropy decays on the picosecond timescale. The present instrumentation allows measurements to 2 GHz, which has been used to measure rotational correlation times as short as 7 ps. In the future it may be possible to extend the frequency range to 10 GHz, which should allow still faster processes to be quantified. It should be emphasized that resolution of fast processes is not obtained at the expense of losing information on the nanosecond timescale. Additionally, the GHz frequency-domain measurements are performed using low excitation intensities, which do not damage the samples. PMID- 3148697 TI - A new class of psoralen photoadducts to DNA components: isolation and characterization of 8-MOP adducts to the osidic moiety of 2'-deoxyadenosine. AB - The near-UV-induced photoreaction of the bifunctional 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) with 2'-deoxyadenosine (dAdo) was investigated in the dry state. Four main monoadducts of 8-MOP to 2'-deoxyadenosine were separated by high performance liquid chromatography and subsequently characterized by soft ionization mass spectrometry (fast atom bombardment and plasma desorption mass spectrometries) and extensive 1H NMR analysis including nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) measurements. These new types of furocoumarin-nucleic acid component which appear to be specific to 2'-deoxyadenosine were shown to result from recombination of the 3,4-dihydropyron-4-yl radical of 8-MOP with 2'-deoxyadenosyl radical either at the 1' or the 5' position. PMID- 3148698 TI - Intracellular distribution of photosensitizing porphyrins measured by video enhanced fluorescence microscopy. AB - The intracellular distribution of photosensitizing porphyrins with different amounts of aggregates was measured in a fluorescence microscope using video intensified detection and image processing. Porphyrin fluorescence was localized in the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nuclear membrane and nucleoli. The fluorescence intensity in the plasma membrane decreased with increasing aggregation of the photosensitizers. In addition, a redistribution of the porphyrin molecules from the plasma membrane to the nuclear membrane and adjacent intracellular sites was observed with increasing incubation time. Photobleaching of porphyrin fluorescence was most pronounced in the plasma membrane and least efficient within the nucleoli. PMID- 3148699 TI - Light-induced transformations of hematoporphyrin diacetate and hematoporphyrin. AB - Illumination of hematoporphyrin diacetate (HP-Diac) and hematoporphyrin (HP) in phosphate-buffered solutions causes the formation of a stable photoproduct absorbing at 636 nm. Simultaneously the photo-oxidation of HP-Diac and HP takes place. These phototransformations depend on the illumination dose and the concentration of the HP-Diac or HP solution, and cause qualitatively the same spectral changes independently of the light source used. PMID- 3148701 TI - Repair of the two cis-syn diastereoisomers formed between 3-carbethoxy-psoralen and thymidine in yeast cells, followed by a chemical method. PMID- 3148702 TI - Effect of hypocrellin A sensitization on the lateral mobility of cell membrane proteins. PMID- 3148700 TI - Analysis of a photosensitive lesion induced by sunlamp UV greater than 315 nm exposure of 254-nm-irradiated human cells. AB - Normal human skin fibroblasts were exposed to 0-10 J m-2 of 254 nm UV, incubated 0-16 h and then treated with 0-150 kJ m-2 of sunlamp UV greater than 315 nm. For each treatment, the cells were subjected to alkaline elution in order to measure the yield of single strand breaks (ssb) produced. It was found that treatment of 254-nm-irradiated cells with sunlamp UV greater than 315 nm resulted in the production of a higher level of ssb than that produced by separate exposures. Hence, lesions are produced by the 254 nm irradiation that are photolyzed through exposure to sunlamp UV greater than 315 nm. Approximately 50% of these lesions are removed following a 2-4 h incubation of the 254-nm-irradiated cells and nearly complete removal is achieved by 16 h. In addition, the profiles for elutions performed at pH 12.8 with cells exposed to the combined treatment were indicative of the presence of alkali labile sites. The repair kinetics of this lesion and alkaline lability of the photolysis product suggest that this photosensitive lesion may represent pyrimidine(6-4)pyrimidone photoproducts. Hence, this approach may represent a relatively simple and sensitive assay for the measurement of this DNA damage. PMID- 3148703 TI - Photodynamic tumour therapy and cancer multistep therapy. PMID- 3148704 TI - On the measurement of glutathione with a luminometer. PMID- 3148705 TI - Enhanced liposome-mediated antibacterial activity of piperacillin and gentamicin against gram-negative bacilli in vitro. AB - This study showed that encapsulation of piperacillin (PIP) and gentamicin (GE) by liposomes prepared with phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol (1:1) enhanced the antibiotic activity against gram negative bacilli. This was demonstrated by growth inhibition of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence of the liposomal preparations containing either PIP or GE at 50 per cent MIC. Mixtures of liposomes containing buffer and either PIP or GE also exhibited an enhanced activity of the drug against the micro-organisms. PMID- 3148706 TI - Management of the hindgut in cloacal exstrophy: terminal ileostomy versus colostomy. AB - In the management of cloacal exstrophy, controversy exists regarding use of the rudimentary hindgut as a terminal colostomy v salvage of the hindgut for urinary or genital tract reconstruction. Over the past 26 years, 19 patients with cloacal exstrophy have undergone surgical reconstruction at our institution. Ten were managed by terminal ileostomy with an average follow-up of 9 years; nine were managed by permanent colostomy with an average follow-up of 8 years. The number of in-hospital days required due to gastrointestinal (GI) complications and the number of days required for supplemental parenteral hyperalimentation were significantly higher in patients managed by terminal ileostomy than by colostomy (P less than .05 and P less than .03, respectively). All patients have had continued long-term follow-up evaluations in regard to their weight and growth velocities. There is essentially no difference in regard to these characteristics within the two patient population groups. In summary, patients with terminal ileostomies require more frequent hospitalization and prolonged intravenous nutrition during their initial management phase. However, as the child matures and adaptation of the intestine develops, it appears that there are no substantial differences between the growth characteristics of the two patient populations. PMID- 3148707 TI - Effects of chlorobenzenes and their methyl sulfone metabolites on microsomal enzymes associated with drug metabolism in rat liver. AB - The effects of m- and o-dichlorobenzenes (DCBs), 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) and their methylsulfonyl metabolites on the activities of hepatic microsomal reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-cytochrome c reductase, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-cytochrome b5 reductase and uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT) were studied. The treatment of rats with m-DCB, 1,2,4-TCB, 2,4-, 3,5- or 3,4-dichlorophenyl methyl sulfone (DCPSO2Me) or 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl methyl sulfone (TCPSO2Me) significantly increased NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity, but o-DCB had no effect on this enzyme activity. All three chlorinated benzenes slightly reduced NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase activity, whereas the methylsulfonyl compounds elicited no change in the enzyme activity. Treatments with m- and o-DCBs, 1,2,4 TCB and 2,4,5-TCPSO2Me enhanced UDPGT activities toward both chloramphenicol (CP) and p-nitrophenol (NP). 2,4-, 3,5- and 3,4-DCPSO2Mes increased the activity of UDPGT toward CP but not toward p-NP. These findings concerning the effects of 2,4 , 3,5- and 3,4-DCPSO2Mes on the activities of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and UDPGT support our hypothesis that the methylsulfonyl metabolites derived from m- and o-DCBs are phenobarbital-type inducers of the hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes. It is concluded that the methyl sulfone derivatives of m- and o-DCBs and 1,2,4-TCB are inducers of phase I reactions in hepatic microsomal drug metabolism, and they have increasing effects on the phase II enzyme activities, such as UDPGT. Thus, the methyl sulfones seem to play an important role in the inducing effects of their parent compounds, m- and o-DCBs and 1,2,4 TCB, on the drug-metabolizing enzyme systems. PMID- 3148708 TI - Pharmacokinetics of a valpromide isomer, valnoctamide, in dogs. AB - Valnoctamide (2-ethyl-3-methylpentanamide; VCD), an isomer of valpromide possessing both anxiolytic and antiepileptic properties, has been used as a tranquilizer in the treatment of anxiety and tension. As VCD is an isomer of valpromide (VPD), which is used both as an antiepileptic and an antipsychotic agent, we wanted to ascertain whether any differences in their pharmacological activity could be explained by pharmacokinetics. The pharmacokinetics of VCD have been studied in dogs following iv and oral administration (400 mg). Following iv administration, VCD was rapidly distributed and plasma levels declined in a biphasic fashion. The mean terminal half-life of VCD was 1.9 +/- 0.5 h and the total body clearance was 3.0 +/- 0.8 L/h. This clearance value, after normalization to blood clearance, was only approximately 10% of the hepatic blood flow. This fact indicates that the extraction ratio (E) of VCD by the liver is low, and that this drug has a restrictive clearance. The volume of distribution of VCD was within the value of the total body water. Following oral administration, the absolute bioavailability of VCD was 94 +/- 14%, and the terminal half-life was similar to that obtained after iv administration. The absolute bioavailability value thus shows that, upon oral administration, VCD is completely absorbed and does not undergo a first-pass effect. The pharmacokinetics of VCD was shown to be similar to that of VPD. The major difference was that VCD was completely absorbed and was not biotransformed to its homologous acid. PMID- 3148709 TI - Behavior and resorption of mitomycin C following multiple intravesical administrations. AB - Although several pharmacological data of intravesical mitomycin C (MMC) are available now, data about resorption following subsequent intravesical instillations with different instillation times are lacking. We have analyzed MMC concentrations in blood plasma and urine following eight subsequent instillations, with 0.5- and 1.0-h instillation times. The relationships between urinary pH, urinary MMC concentrations, and MMC blood plasma concentrations were determined, as well as the stability of MMC in urine at pH 5-8 at 37 degrees C. An average of 40.3 and 46.4% of the total parent drug was recovered for the 0.5- and 1.0-h instillations, respectively. Blood plasma concentrations of MMC could be measured in nearly all patients and were independent of instillation times, urine concentration, or urinary pH. Resorption of MMC and recovery was stable during eight subsequent instillations. It was demonstrated that MMC can be degradated in urine at physiological conditions (pH less than 6; 37 degrees C). However, neither an influence of prolongation of the instillation time on MMC recovery from urine, nor a significant correlation between urinary pH and urinary MMC concentrations could be demonstrated. Since MMC can be degradated at pH less than 6 within 0.5 h, buffering of instillation fluids containing MMC is recommended. Reuse of instilled MMC, therefore, cannot be advised. PMID- 3148710 TI - Stereoselective disposition of the geometric isomers of a novel lipoxygenase cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor in dog and photochemical interconversion of its isomers. AB - A sensitive (10 ng/mL) and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay, with electrochemical (EC) detection, for the geometric isomers of 3 hydroxy-N-(2-phenyl-2-(2-thienyl)ethenyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzo(b) thiophene-2 carboxamide in dog and human plasma has been developed. Both isomers strongly absorb light, leading to an efficient E in equilibrium Z photoisomerization. After iv administration of a single isomer (Z) to a dog, only the Zisomer was detected in plasma; no in vivo conversion to the E isomer was observed. However, when a mixture of the E and Z isomers (58.6:41.4) was administered in the same manner to the same dog, the E:Z ratio decreased significantly to 47.5:52.5 six hours after drug administration, indicating stereoselective disposition of the isomers. The elimination of the E isomer was found to be faster than that of the Z isomer. PMID- 3148711 TI - Multiple cytokine activities and loss of interleukin 2 inhibitor in synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Attempts to detect immune mediators in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluids (RA SF) by bioassays have yielded conflicting results, and so we analyzed the immune reactions occurring within rheumatoid joints using monospecific immunoassays for cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (gamma-IFN). Furthermore, we examined the IL-2 inhibitors to clarify the immunoregulatory mechanism in the lesion. SF from active RA contained a significant amount of IL-1 beta and IL-2 but not gamma-IFN. In contrast IL-2 inhibitor activity was depressed in RA-SF regardless of clinical disease activity. Our results suggest that cytokine overproduction and deficiency of inhibitory signals may result in the overactivity of cytokines and the overactivity may participate in the joint lesions of RA. PMID- 3148713 TI - Hypothermia: management in hospital. PMID- 3148714 TI - Geochemistry and health: arsenic in Cornwall. PMID- 3148712 TI - Lymphokine production in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The production of interferon (IFN) by peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and of IFN and interleukin 2 (IL-2) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was compared with that of healthy controls. Patients with SLE showed a significant reduction in IL-2 production compared to controls if the PBL were irradiated before mitogen stimulation. No patient with RA or SLE studied had impaired IFN production regardless of disease activity and the IFN produced was always IFN-gamma in type. We conclude that there is an abnormality in IL-2 production in SLE but there is no abnormality in IFN-gamma production in either RA or SLE. PMID- 3148715 TI - The psychiatrist as priest. PMID- 3148716 TI - Improvement of sanitation in Oyo State, Nigeria. PMID- 3148717 TI - Height and weight comparison of children in New Zealand and the United States. PMID- 3148718 TI - Altered state of consciousness in adult Ethiopians: analysis of aetiological factors. PMID- 3148719 TI - Hypnotic techniques for the management of pain. PMID- 3148720 TI - Polysaccharide vaccine for prevention of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. PMID- 3148721 TI - An appraisal of lay and medical concepts of illness. PMID- 3148722 TI - Tuberculosis control: the past, the present, the future. PMID- 3148723 TI - Inhibition of prostaglandin H synthase-catalyzed cooxidation of diethylstilbestrol by alpha-naphthoflavone and beta-naphthoflavone. AB - Prostaglandin H synthase (PHS) has gained interest as a drug-metabolizing enzyme and has been shown to cooxidize and metabolically activate diethylstilbestrol (DES) in vitro. Both 7,8-benzoflavone (alpha-naphthoflavone, ANF) and 5,6 benzoflavone (beta-naphthoflavone, BNF) have now been studied for their effects on PHS from ram seminal vesicle microsomes by means of several in vitro assays. The PHS-catalyzed cooxidation of DES, as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, is inhibited by BNF and ANF at micromolar concentrations, with median inhibitory concentrations (IC-50) of less than 20 and 40 microM, respectively. The oxidation of DES is inhibited whether it is initiated by arachidonic acid or by hydrogen peroxide, indicating that the benzoflavones inhibit PHS by a mechanism different from that of indomethacin. Monitoring of cyclooxygenase activity in an oxygraph also reveals an inhibition of PHS by BNF which depends only weakly on arachidonic acid concentration; inhibition by ANF is less pronounced under these conditions. Since PHS-catalyzed conversion of the benzoflavone compounds was detected under conditions permitting cooxidation, the inhibition of PHS by benzoflavones in vitro could either be a direct effect or possibly mediated via metabolites. Our data imply that ANF and BNF, in addition to their well-known role as modifiers of mixed-function oxidases, can affect the PHS-catalyzed metabolism of xenobiotics. This is discussed in the context of adverse effects caused by DES in vivo and in cell culture and must be taken into account when interpreting the modifying effect of benzoflavones on these endpoints. PMID- 3148724 TI - Purification of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450b without the use of nonionic detergent. AB - Sodium cholate, Emulgen 911, and (3-[(-cholamidopropyl)-dimethyl-ammonio]-1 propanesulfonate) (CHAPS) were selected to examine the effects of ionic, nonionic, and zwitterionic detergents on testosterone hydroxylation catalyzed by four purified isozymes of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450, namely P-450a, P 450b, P-450c, and P-450h, in reconstituted systems containing optimal amounts of dilauroylphosphatidylcholine and saturating amounts of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase (reductase). The major phenobarbital-inducible form of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450, designated P-450b, was extremely sensitive to the inhibitory effects of Emulgen 911, which is used in several procedures to purify this and other forms of cytochrome P-450. In contrast, sodium cholate and CHAPS had little effect on the catalytic activity of cytochrome P-450b, even at ten times the concentration of Emulgen 911 effecting 50% inhibition (IC-50). By substituting the zwitterionic detergent CHAPS for Emulgen 911, we purified cytochrome P-450b without the use of nonionic detergent. The protein is designated cytochrome P-450b* to distinguish it from cytochrome P-450b purified with the use of Emulgen 911. NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase was also purified both with and without the use of nonionic detergent. The absolute spectra of cytochrome P-450b and P-450b* were indistinguishable, as were the carbon monoxide (CO)- and metyrapone-difference spectra of the dithionite-reduced hemoproteins. When reconstituted with NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, cytochromes P-450b and P-450b* catalyzed the N demethylation of benzphetamine and aminopyrine, the 4-hydroxylation of aniline, the O-dealkylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin, the 3-hydroxylation of hexobarbital, and the 6-hydroxylation of zoxazolamine. Both hemoproteins catalyzed the 16 alpha- and 16 beta-hydroxylation of testosterone, as well as the 17-oxidation of testosterone to androstenedione. Both hemoproteins were poor catalysts of erythromycin demethylation and benzo[a]pyrene 3-/9-hydroxylation. The rate of biotransformation catalyzed by cytochrome P-450b* was up to 50% greater than the rate catalyzed by cytochrome P-450b when reconstituted with either reductase or reductase*. The activity of cytochrome P-450b and P-450b* increased up to 50% when reconstituted with reductase* instead of reductase. In addition to establishing the feasibility of purifying an isozyme of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 without the use of nonionic detergent, these results indicate that the catalytic activity of cytochrome P-450 is not unduly compromised by residual contamination with the nonionic detergent Emulgen 911. PMID- 3148725 TI - Altered activation/detoxication enzymology following neonatal diethylstilbestrol treatment. AB - The effects of neonatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) on hepatic activation/detoxication enzyme levels in the adult rat were investigated. Neonatal exposure of male rats to DES (DES males) decreased the endogenous levels of UDP-glucuronyltransferase as compared to control males. Female rats exposed neonatally to DES (DES females) had higher endogenous epoxide hydrolase and glutathione transferase activity levels than control females. Adult animals treated neonatally with DES also had altered metabolic potential following exposure to 3-methylcholanthrene and phenobarbital. The DES males treated in adulthood with 3-methylcholanthrene had higher benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase activities and lower UDP-glucuronyl-transferase activity levels than did control males treated in adulthood with 3-methylcholanthrene. The DES males exposed in adulthood to phenobarbital had reduced cytochrome P-450 and glutathione transferase activity levels as compared with respective controls. The DES females treated in adulthood with 3-methylcholanthrene had lower benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase and epoxide hydrolase activity levels than control females receiving 3-methylcholanthrene. The DES females challenged in adulthood with phenobarbital also had decreased benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase, epoxide hydrolase, UDP glucuronyltrasferase, and glutathione transferase activity levels as compared with respective controls. Our results demonstrated that neonatal exposure to DES changed the endogenous levels of specific hepatic enzymes and altered the metabolic response of these adult animals to a carcinogen and a drug. PMID- 3148726 TI - The oculocerebrocutaneous (Delleman) syndrome. PMID- 3148727 TI - Visual evoked potentials in Negro carriers of the gene for tyrosinase positive oculocutaneous albinism. AB - Visual evoked potential testing was performed on 15 Negro carriers of the gene for tyrosinase positive oculocutaneous albinism in order to detect whether they have the same visual pathway decussation anomalies as do homozygotes. No subject showed 01-02 asymmetry on monocular testing, indicating that decussation follows the normal pattern. It is concluded that visual evoked potential testing is probably not useful in the detection of Negroes heterozygous for the gene for tyrosinase positive oculocutaneous albinism. PMID- 3148728 TI - A low-cost method for simultaneous video-recording of ambulant subject and electroencephalograph: the Quarrier's system. AB - A system is described by means of which the ambulant subject may be video-filmed over several hours with the electroencephalograph superimposed on the same tape, allowing correlations to be observed in the active state. Our first subjects have been girls with Rett syndrome. Requirements are: one portable video camera/recorder, a conventional e.e.g. machine, the 'Medilog 9000' system for prolonged ambulatory recording (Oxford Medical), a specialized video mixer (videogram ForA FVG600, commercially available) a video timer, a conventional video cassette recorder and a television monitor. The cost is small for a department already equipped to carry out ordinary ambulatory e.e.g. monitoring. The method is safe, well tolerated, simple to use and adaptable. To the best of the authors' knowledge, they are the first to use this system and they believe that it should find wider application when it is desirable to correlate the behaviour of a subject with physiological parameters, on a restricted budget. PMID- 3148730 TI - Random walking. To wobble or not to wobble, that is the question. PMID- 3148729 TI - Electrophysiological effects of anti-free radical interventions in canine Purkinje fibers. AB - To assess whether free radicals affect the characteristic sequence of events in an in vitro model of ischemia and reperfusion, isolated canine cardiac Purkinje fibers were exposed to anti-free radical agents, superoxide dismutase 50 U/ml; catalase 600 U/ml; mannitol 2 mM and 20 mM and combined superoxide dismutase, catalase, and mannitol 20 mM. Fibers were superfused for 60 min with altered Tyrode's solution which mimicked some conditions of ischemia (glucose-free, containing lactate, equilibrated with 90% N2-10% CO2), and then re-exposed to normal, oxygenated Tyrode's solution. Anti-free radical agents alone had no electrophysiological effects. Ischemic conditions resulted in moderate depolarization in most preparations (10 control; 43 treated) but in severe depolarization, to less than -60 mV, in some (3 control, 11 treated). Re-exposure to normal, oxygenated solution resulted in prompt initial hyperpolarization followed by marked depolarization, and finally by recovery to baseline maximum diastolic potential. Anti-free radical agents had not effect on maximum diastolic potential during exposure to ischemic conditions or on initial hyperpolarization following re-exposure to oxygenated solution. Preparations that became severely depolarized during exposure to ischemic conditions were not protected by anti free radical interventions from developing marked depolarization following re exposure to oxygenated solution. However, in fibers only moderately depolarized by the ischemic conditions, all anti-free radical interventions except mannitol, 2 mM significantly attenuated depolarization following re-exposure to oxygenated solution. Anti-free radical interventions significantly reduced the number of preparations that became markedly depolarized (to less than -65 mV) during re exposure to oxygenated solution (except for mannitol, 2 mM). Agents had no effect on the occurrence of abnormal automaticity; the occurrence of inexcitability was reduced, but not significantly, except when all agents were used in combination. The results suggest that free radical production may contribute to electrophysiological abnormalities when Purkinje fibers are re-exposed to oxygenated Tyrode's solution after they have been exposed to ischemic conditions. PMID- 3148731 TI - Phylogenetic calibration of the 5' terminal domain of large rRNA achieved by determining twenty eucaryotic sequences. AB - Due to their high information content and their particular mode of variation, large rRNA molecules potentially represent powerful indicators of phylogenetic relationships. Even partial sequences may suffice to generate reliable estimations, provided they correspond to well-chosen portions of the molecule. We have systematically analyzed a specific portion of the large rRNA (the region extending over nearly 400 nucleotides from the 5' end) as a general index of eucaryotic phylogeny. By means of fast and direct rRNA sequencing, we have determined the sequence of this region for 20 additional eucaryotes, including several representatives of each vertebrate class, an invertebrate metazoan (mussel), a fungus (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), and three higher plants. Comparative treatment of these new data and previously reported rRNA sequences shows that this region can serve as an indicator of eucaryotic phylogeny for evaluating both long-range and short-range relationships. Its conservative domains appear to possess a rather uniform rate of nucleotide changes in all the eucaryotic lineages analyzed and the phylogenetic tree we derived agrees with classical views. PMID- 3148732 TI - Unusual evolutionary conservation of 5S rRNA pseudogenes in Aspergillus nidulans: similarity of the DNA sequence associated with the pseudogenes with the mouse immunoglobulin switch region. AB - All Aspergillus nidulans 5S rRNA pseudogenes known so far are the result of integration of an approx. 0.2-kbp-long DNA sequence into the 5S rRNA genes. This sequence, called block C, is present in at least five copies in the A. nidulans genome and seems to be associated either with 5S rRNA genes or pseudogenes. In contrast to the 78% sequence conservation of the C-block in pseudogenes, the truncated 5' halves of the pseudogenes are very highly conserved (96.9-100%). We postulate that the 5S rRNA pseudogenes are still a subject of concerted evolution. The C-block sequence shows similarity to the switch region of the mouse heavy chain immunoglobulin gene. A characteristic motif GGGTGAG is repeated several times in both sequences; the sequence conservation is 63%. PMID- 3148733 TI - Evolution of protein inhibitors of serine proteinases: positive Darwinian selection or compositional effects? AB - In at least two instances involving serine proteinase inhibitors it has been shown that functionally important sites evolve faster and exhibit more interspecific variability than functionally neutral sites. Because these phenomena are difficult to reconcile with the neutral theory of molecular evolution, it has been suggested that the accelerated rate of amino acid substitution at the reactive sites is brought about by positive Darwinian selection. We show that differences in the amino acid composition in the different regions of proteinase inhibitors can account for the differences in the rates of amino acid substitution. By using an index of protein mutability [D. Graur (1985) J Mol Evol 22:53-62], we show that the amino acid composition of the reactive center in the ovomucoids and Spi-2 gene products is such that, regardless of function, they are expected to evolve more rapidly than any other polypeptide for which the rate of substitution is known. In addition, the reactive region in the Spi-2 proteins is shown to be free of compositional constraint. Positive Darwinian selection need not be invoked at the present time in these cases. PMID- 3148734 TI - Novel hemoglobin components and their amino acid sequences from the crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis). AB - We found two types of hemoglobin, T and R, from the crab-eating macaque and compared those to A and Q previously reported. The 22 animals studied showed six different phenotypes, A, R, QA, QT, QAT, and QAR. Analysis of the complete amino acid sequences for the alpha chains of hemoglobins Q, A, T, and R revealed that amino acids at four positions, 8, 55, 71, and 78 from the N-terminal, are variable. In the alpha A chain, Thr, Val, Gly, and Gln occupy these positions, and in the alpha Q chain the analogous amino acids are Thr, Val, Asp, and Gln, respectively. In the newly found alpha T chain they are Thr, Val, Gly, and His; and in the alpha R chain, they are Ser, Ile, Gly, and His, respectively. Two amino acids (alpha 8 Thr and alpha 78 Gln) in alpha A of the crab-eating macaque were found to be different from those in the alpha chain of the Japanese macaque. PMID- 3148737 TI - Cyclization of nucleotide analogues as an obstacle to polymerization. AB - Cyclization of activated nucleotide analogues by intramolecular phosphodiester bond formation is likely to compete very effectively with template-directed condensation except in the cases of ribo- and arabinonucleotides. This could have excluded derivatives of most sugars from growing polyribonucleotide chains and thus reduced chain-termination in prebiotic polynucleotide synthesis. PMID- 3148736 TI - A flexible method to align large numbers of biological sequences. AB - A method for the alignment of two or more biological sequences is described. The method is a direct extension of the method of Taylor (1987) incorporating a consensus sequence approach and allows considerable freedom in the control of the clustering of the sequences. At one extreme this is equivalent to the earlier method (Taylor 1987), whereas at the other, the clustering approaches the binary method of Feng and Doolittle (1987). Such freedom allows the program to be adapted to particular problems, which has the important advantage of resulting in considerable savings in computer time, allowing very large problems to be tackled. Besides a detailed analysis of the alignment of the cytochrome c superfamily, the clustering and alignment of the PIR sequence data bank (3500 sequences approx.) is described. PMID- 3148735 TI - Alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism in Drosophila: enzyme kinetics of product inhibition. AB - Because natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster are polymorphic for different allozymes of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and because D. melanogaster is more tolerant to the toxic effects of ethanol than its sibling species D. simulans, information regarding the sensitivities of the different forms of ADH to the products of ethanol degradation are of ecological importance. ADH-F, ADH S, ADH-71k of D. melanogaster and the ADH of D. simulans were inhibited by NADH, but the inhibition was relieved by NAD+. The order of sensitivity to NADH was ADH F less than ADH-71k, ADH-S less than ADH-simulans with ADH-F being about four times less sensitive than the D. melanogaster enzymes and 12 times less sensitive than the D. simulans enzyme. Acetaldehyde inhibited the ethanol-to-acetaldehyde activity of the ADHs, but at low acetaldehyde concentrations ethanol and NAD+ reduced the inhibition. ADH-71k and ADH-F were more subject to the inhibitory action of acetaldehyde than ADH-S and ADH-simulans, with ADH-71k being seven times more sensitive than ADH-S. The pattern of product inhibition of ADH-71k suggests a rapid equilibrium random mechanism for ethanol oxidation. Thus, although the ADH variants only differ by a few amino acids, these differences exert a far larger impact on their intrinsic properties than previously thought. How differences in product inhibition may be of significance in the evolution of the ADHs is discussed. PMID- 3148739 TI - Template-directed synthesis of acyclic oligonucleotide analogues. AB - Bis-phosphoimidazolides of an analogue of adenosine (in which ribose is replaced by an acyclic chain) and of two related analogues of guanosine undergo oligomerization in the presence of complementary polynucleotide templates. Data on the template- and nontemplate-directed reactions are presented, and the possible relevance to origins of life is discussed. PMID- 3148738 TI - Heterochrony and the introduction of novel modes of morphogenesis during the evolution of moth choriogenesis. AB - Choriogenesis in silkmoths (superfamily Bombycoidea) and in a sphingid moth (superfamily Sphingoidea) differ in major, but discrete, ways. In silkmoths, the predominant lamellar component assembles early in choriogenesis to form a thin framework. Subsequently, the lamellar framework is modified, first by expansion, and then by densification. Finally, ornate surface structures called aeropyle crowns form in some silkmoths, but they are absent in the species described here. In the sphingid, lamellar framework formation occurs throughout choriogenesis rather than largely during the early stages as in silkmoths. Lamellar densification occurs, but lamellar expansion and aeropyle crown formation do not. An evolutionary model is presented that accounts for the observed morphogenetic differences. Patterns of chorion protein synthesis in the sphingid differ from those in silkmoths in ways that are interpretable in light of the observed morphogenetic differences and the previously postulated functions of the proteins in silkmoths. PMID- 3148740 TI - Molecular characterization of a cloned dolphin mitochondrial genome. AB - DNA clones have been isolated that span the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of the dolphin, Cephalorhynchus commersonii. Hybridization experiments with purified primate mtDNA probes have established that there is close resemblance in the general organization of the dolphin mt genome and the terrestrial mammalian mt genomes. Sequences covering 2381 bp of the dolphin mt genome from the major noncoding region, three tRNA genes, and parts of the genes encoding cytochrome b, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (ND3), and 16S rRNA have been compared with corresponding regions from other mammalian genomes. There is a general tendency throughout the sequenced regions for greater similarity between dolphin and bovine mt genomes than between dolphin and rodent or human mt genomes. PMID- 3148742 TI - Domain organization and intron positions in Caenorhabditis elegans collagen genes: the 54-bp module hypothesis revisited. AB - The amino acid (aa) sequences of the polypeptides encoded by five collagen genes of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, col-6, col-7 (partial), col-8, col-14, and col-19, were determined. These collagen polypeptides, as well as those encoded by the previously sequenced C. elegans collagen genes col-1 and col-2, share a common organization into five domains: an amino-terminal leader, a short (30-33 aa) (Gly-X-Y)n domain, a non(Gly-X-Y) spacer, a long (127-132 aa) (Gly-X Y)n domain, and a short carboxyl-terminal domain. The domain organizations and intron positions of these polypeptides were compared with those of the polypeptides encoded by Drosophila and Strongylocentrotus type IV, and vertebrate types I, II, III, IV, and IX collagen genes; the C. elegans collagen polypeptides are most similar to the vertebrate type IX collagens. It is suggested that the collagen gene family comprises two divergent subfamilies, one of which includes the vertebrate interstitial collagen genes, and the other of which includes the invertebrate collagen genes and the vertebrate type IV and type IX collagen genes. Only the vertebrate interstitial collagen genes display clear evidence of evolution via the tandem duplication of a 54-bp exon. PMID- 3148741 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the genomic region encoding alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila affinidisjuncta. AB - The DNA sequence of a 3886-bp genomic region containing the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene from Drosophila affinidisjuncta, and the RNA sequences of the D. affinidisjuncta Adh transcripts, are presented. These data support the conclusion that two Adh promoters generate distinct, developmentally regulated Adh transcripts. Correlations between these sequences and the transcription map are discussed. Comparisons between these and equivalent data from D. melanogaster are also presented. We note the following observations: (1) Except at the extreme 3' end, the two genes are identically organized. (2) Drosophila Adh protein accumulates amino acid replacements at the rate of approximately 0.5 per million years. (3) Among the non-protein-coding DNA sequences, putative homologies occur in the two promoter regions. PMID- 3148743 TI - Primary structure and evolutionary relationship between the adult alpha-globin genes and their 5'-flanking regions of Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis. AB - To investigate the evolution of globin genes in the genus Xenopus, we have determined the primary structure of the related adult alpha I- and alpha II globin genes of X. laevis and of the adult alpha-globin gene of X. tropicalis, including their 5'-flanking regions. All three genes are comprised of three exons and two introns at homologous positions. The exons are highly conserved and code for 141 amino acids. By contrast, the corresponding introns vary in length and show considerable divergence. Comparison of 900 bp of the 5'-flanking region revealed that the X. tropicalis gene contains a conserved proximal 310-bp promoter sequence, comprised of the canonical TATA and CCAAT motifs at homologous positions, and five conserved elements in the same order and at similar positions as previously shown for the corresponding genes of X. laevis. We therefore conclude that these conserved upstream elements may represent regulatory sequences for cell-specific regulation of the adult Xenopus globin genes. PMID- 3148744 TI - Compositional patterns in vertebrate genomes: conservation and change in evolution. AB - The evolution of vertebrate genomes can be investigated by analyzing their regional compositional patterns, namely the compositional distributions of large DNA fragments (in the 30-100-kb size range), of coding sequences, and of their different codon positions. This approach has shown the existence of two evolutionary modes. In the conservative mode, compositional patterns are maintained over long times (many million years), in spite of the accumulation of enormous numbers of base substitutions. In the transitional, or shifting, mode, compositional patterns change into new ones over much shorter times. The conservation of compositional patterns, which has been investigated in mammalian genomes, appears to be due in part to some measure of compositional conservation in the base substitution process, and in part to negative selection acting at regional (isochore) levels in the genome and eliminating deviations from a narrow range of values, presumably corresponding to optimal functional properties. On the other hand, shifts of compositional patterns, such as those that occurred between cold-blooded and warm-blooded vertebrates, appear to be due essentially to both negative and positive selection again operating at the isochore level, largely under the influence of changes in environmental conditions, and possibly taking advantage of mutational biases in the replication/repair enzymes and/or in the enzyme make-up of nucleotide precursor pools. Other events (like translocations and changes in chromosomal structure) also play a role in the transitional mode of genome evolution. The present findings (1) indicate that isochores, which correspond to the DNA segments of individual or contiguous chromatin domains, represent selection units in the vertebrate genome; and (2) shed new light on the selectionist-neutralist controversy. PMID- 3148745 TI - DNA sequence analysis and structural relationships among the cytoskeletal actin genes of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. AB - The general organization and primary amino acid sequences of the S. purpuratus cytoskeletal actin genes CyIIb and CyIIIb have been determined from restriction enzyme analysis, DNA sequencing, and RNA mapping studies. As is the case with the other sea urchin cytoskeletal actin genes previously studied, the CyIIb and CyIIIb genes contain two introns that interrupt the coding DNA following codon 121 and within codon 204. An intron ending 26-27 nucleotides (nt) upstream of the initiation codon has also been localized in the 5'-flanking region of both genes. The CyIIb gene, which is part of a cluster of three genes linked in the order CyI CyIIa-CyIIb, encodes a protein that differs from CyI by a single residue and from CyIIa by three residues. The substitutions observed within this linkage group are relatively conservative changes, and pairwise comparisons between genes indicate less than 5% mismatch in nucleotide sequence within the coding region. Nucleotide sequence comparisons of 5'-flanking region and intron DNA, however, indicate greater similarity between the CyI and CyIIb genes than the CyIIa gene that separates them, suggestive of a potential gene conversion event between the flanking genes in the CyI-CyIIa-CyIIb linkage. The CyIIIb gene, part of a separate cluster of two functional genes ordered CyIIIa-CyIIIb, shares little similarity outside of coding DNA with genes of the other linkage group. Although CyIIIb exhibits strong nucleotide sequence similarity outside of coding DNA with the neighboring CyIIIa gene, it differs from that gene at six codons. The CyIIIb gene encodes a protein considerably different from all cytoskeletal actins previously reported, with changes clustered in the latter 40% of the coding sequence. An 81-nt tandem duplication of the C-terminal coding region is located adjacent to the termination codon of the CyIIIb gene, a potential relic of a slipped mispairing and replication event. PMID- 3148746 TI - Plant mitochondrial DNA evolves rapidly in structure, but slowly in sequence. AB - We examined the tempo and mode of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) evolution in six species of crucifers from two genera, Brassica and Raphanus. The six mtDNAs have undergone numerous internal rearrangements and therefore differ dramatically with respect to the sizes of their subgenomic circular chromosomes. Between 3 and 14 inversions must be postulated to account for the structural differences found between any two species. In contrast, these mtDNAs are extremely similar in primary sequence, differing at only 1-8 out of every 1000 bp. The point mutation rate in these plant mtDNAs is roughly 4 times slower than in land plant chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and 100 times slower than in animal mtDNA. Conversely, the rate of rearrangements is extraordinarily faster in plant mtDNA than in cpDNA and animal mtDNA. PMID- 3148748 TI - The delta agent and hepatitis-D. PMID- 3148749 TI - Alarming non-compliance to antituberculosis chemotherapy. PMID- 3148751 TI - Effect of Grewia asiatica, Gossypium herbacium and Gymnema sylvestre on blood glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides levels in normoglycaemic and alloxan diabetic rabbits. PMID- 3148750 TI - Screening of milk and milk products for staphylococcal counts with special reference to public health. PMID- 3148747 TI - The evolutionary relationships among known life forms. AB - Sequences of small subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA genes from archaebacteria, eubacteria, and the nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria of eukaryotes have been compared in order to identify the most conservative positions. Aligned sets of these positions for both SSU and LSU rRNA have been used to generate tree diagrams relating the source organisms/organelles. Branching patterns were evaluated using the statistical bootstrapping technique. The resulting SSU and LSU trees are remarkably congruent and show a high degree of similarity with those based on alternative data sets and/or generated by different techniques. In addition to providing insights into the evolution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic (nuclear) lineages, the analysis reported here provides, for the first time, an extensive phylogeny of the mitochondrial lineage. PMID- 3148752 TI - Potentiating effects of phenobarbitone on the induction of cirrhosis in rats by carbon tetrachloride. PMID- 3148753 TI - Haemorrhoids--a retrospective study. PMID- 3148755 TI - Intracranial tuberculoma: paradoxical deterioration during chemotherapy. PMID- 3148756 TI - Acute poisoning in adults in Multan. PMID- 3148757 TI - Are our hospitals safe? PMID- 3148754 TI - Hemoglobin E beta-thalassemia in a Pakistani family. PMID- 3148758 TI - The present status of cholera infection in Pakistan. PMID- 3148759 TI - Surgical treatment of typhoid ileal perforations--choice of operation. PMID- 3148761 TI - Morphology and frequency distribution of protozoan Blastocystis hominis. PMID- 3148762 TI - Serum aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase levels in apparently healthy population in Karachi. PMID- 3148760 TI - Healing and relapse rates of duodenal ulcer with various H2 receptor antagonists. PMID- 3148763 TI - Radiological findings in tracheo-bronchial foreign body aspiration. PMID- 3148764 TI - Weber Christian disease. PMID- 3148765 TI - Ethical issues in cardiac-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR). PMID- 3148767 TI - [The study of tissue blood flow during controlled hypotension with nitroglycerin in dogs under halothane anesthesia]. PMID- 3148766 TI - [Arterial and venous dilation using nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate during cardiopulmonary bypass]. PMID- 3148769 TI - [Anesthetic management of a patient with Hunter's syndrome]. PMID- 3148768 TI - [The effect of induced hyperthermia on hemodynamics, coronary circulation and metabolic rate in the dog]. PMID- 3148770 TI - [Changing pattern of respiratory pathogens due to the development of antibacterial agents]. PMID- 3148771 TI - [Changes in the plasma levels of plasminogen activator in various tumors]. PMID- 3148772 TI - [A case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of nasal sinus]. PMID- 3148773 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma subsequent to pure red cell aplasia]. PMID- 3148774 TI - [Determination of anti-ATLA antibody in plasma]. PMID- 3148775 TI - [Mechanisms of the formation of micronuclei in human lymphocyte cultures exposed to mitomycin C]. PMID- 3148777 TI - Arterial to end-tidal PCO2 difference varies with different ventilatory conditions during steady state hypercapnia in the rat. AB - To estimate the influence of ventilatory conditions on the CO2 equilibration between the alveolar gas and arterial blood during steady state hypercapnia, we measured arterial and end-tidal PCO2 (PaCO2, PETCO2) of the anesthetized rat under the following three conditions: spontaneously breathing with CO2 inhalation, artificial respiration with gas mixture containing CO2, and artificial respiration with reduced ventilatory volume (hypoventilation). In each ventilatory condition, PaCO2 correlated linearly with PETCO2. However, in spontaneously breathing animals, the PaCO2-PETCO2 difference which was positive in a control condition (without CO2 inhalation) became negative during CO2 inhalation. The mean (+/- S.D.) difference was -3.6 +/- 1.5 mmHg (n = 9, p less than 0.001) at the PETCO2 range from 72 to 77 mmHg. During artificial respiration with constant ventilatory volume, initial positive PaCO2-PETCO2 difference approached zero when CO2 was administered into inspiratory gas. In both ventilatory conditions the slope of the PETCO2-PaCO2 relation line was less than 1.0, whereas the PaCO2-PETCO2 difference remained positive when PCO2 level was increased with reducing the ventilatory volume (accumulation of endogenous CO2). These observations suggest that for a given increase in PCO2 by administration of exogenous CO2, the extent to which PaCO2 increases is smaller than that of PETCO2. This peculiar relationship together with changes in breathing pattern during CO2 inhalation likely results in "negative" PaCO2-PETCO2 difference in the spontaneously breathing animal. We conclude that the PaCO2-PETCO2 difference, either as positive or negative values, depends upon both the level of PCO2 and the ventilatory condition to increase PCO2. PMID- 3148776 TI - [Effects of thiazide diuretics on the vascular eicosanoid system of spontaneously hypertensive rats and their mechanisms]. PMID- 3148778 TI - Brady- and tachycardia in light of the Valsalva and the Mueller maneuver (apnea). AB - With a computerized impedance cardiograph we measured stroke volume (sv), cardiac output and heart rate (HR) in four men, during apnea with positive or negative intrapulmonic pressure (i.e., Valsalva and Mueller maneuver) in air. During Valsalva maneuvers the sv was reduced, and the compensatory rise in HR failed to keep the cardiac output at the control level before apnea. During both types of apnea, the diastolic pressure was increased as was the total peripheral resistance (TPR). The vasoconstriction and tachycardia during Valsalva maneuvers can be explained as a sino-aortic baroreceptor phenomenon in man. The smaller changes occurring during Mueller maneuvers result in no change in the transmural arterial pressure in the thorax, compared to the control level. Thus, without a stimulus there is no change in heart rate. The alveolar oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide elimination during apnea at total lung capacity was much larger than in the control phase before both types of apnea. The arteriolar vasoconstriction with increased TPR during the Valsalva apnea, was accompanied by a reduction in the stroke work of the left ventricle to approximately 50% of the work in the control phase. PMID- 3148779 TI - [Prognosis of complicated febrile convulsions in therapy with primidone, cathine phenobarbital and calcium valproinate]. PMID- 3148781 TI - [Diverticulum-shaped ectasia of the duodenal stump after gastrectomy by the Haberer-Finley method]. PMID- 3148780 TI - [A radionuclide method used in post-traumatic stiffness of the elbow joint]. PMID- 3148782 TI - [Economic effect of using CO2 laser in the treatment of suppurative-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues]. PMID- 3148783 TI - [Continuous blood pressure monitoring in cataract operations under local anesthesia]. AB - Clinical data of 69 patients due to undergo ECCE with PCIOL implantation were evaluated in a standardized fashion. The preliminary results show that the blood pressure measured preoperatively and intraoperatively necessitated antihypertensive therapy. The averaged systolic blood pressure in the ward was 147.2 +/- 20.4 mm Hg; before retrobulbar anesthesia 159.9 +/- 30.4 mm Hg; after retrobulbar anesthesia 172.6 +/- 24.2 mm Hg; and at the start of surgery 154.2 +/ 18.4 mm Hg. Maximum intraoperative blood pressure was 156.2 +/- 20.7 mm Hg; at the end of surgery it was 144.3 +/- 19.5 mm Hg. In 12 patients (17%), systolic blood pressure higher than 200 mm Hg was measured after retrobulbar anesthesia. Antihypertensive therapy (nifedipine, nitroglycerin) was initiated in 44 patients (64%). These data support the recommendation that blood pressure should be monitored continuously both before and during the operation in order to minimize the rate of surgical and general complications. PMID- 3148784 TI - [Hypotonia bulbi and gonadotropins in myotonic dystrophy]. AB - Patients with myotonic dystrophy show ocular hypotony associated with primary hypogonadism and a secondary increase in the gonadotropins FSH and LH. By examining ten patients (nine men, one woman) with myotonic dystrophy and determining serum FSH and LH concentrations by radioimmunoassay, the authors tried to evaluate whether the decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP) seen in myotonic dystrophy might be related to increase levels of gonadotropins. The IOP of the patients with myotonic dystrophy (mean 10.6 mm Hg, SD 3.9 mm Hg) was significantly lower (P less than 0.0005) than that of a randomly selected control group. In all nine male patients serum FSH concentrations (mean 41.7 mIU/ml, SD 18.9 mIU/ml, normal range 0.9-9.8 mIU/ml) and serum LH concentrations (mean 18.6 mIU/ml. SD 6.8 mIU/ml, normal range 2.2-12.0 mIU/ml) were significantly higher (FSH: P less than 0.0005, LH: P less than 0.05) than those of a control group of four normal men. The female patient's FSH was elevated (11.5 mIU/ml, normal range 1.7-8.5 mIU/ml), her LH concentration was slightly elevated (15.5 mIU/ml, normal range 2.5-15.4 mIU/ml). A statistically significant correlation was found between elevated LH concentrations and decreased IOP (P less than 0.05) but no such correlation between FSH and IOP (P less than = 0.17). Endogenous circulating gonadotropins may play an important role in regulating aqueous inflow via cyclic AMP which is produced by ciliary epithelia and causes a decrease in the rate of aqueous humor production. This theory is corroborated by humor production. This theory is corroborated by the authors' data and by experimental studies by Sears and co-workers. PMID- 3148786 TI - [The long-term course of 60 patients with alveolar echinococcosis in continuous therapy with mebendazole (1976-85)]. AB - Since 1976 60 patients with inoperable alveolar echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus multilocularis were treated with high doses of mebendazole and examined at regular intervals prospectively according to our protocol regarding clinical course, liver function, morphology, immunologically and plasma mebendazole levels. The average duration of disease was 8(1-19) years, the average duration of chemotherapy was 4.25 (0.75-9) years. The long term results showed a correlation of the clinical course with the mean plasma mebendazole levels and the duration of chemotherapy, respectively. Death (n = 5) or transient progression of the disease process (n = 14) was observed primarily in patients with low plasma mebendazole levels in the early course and within the first two years of chemotherapy. Only 9 patients showed a decrease of the parasite mass. Immundiagnosis (total serum IgE and serum antibodies against Echinococcus antigen) gave some information with regard to therapy results, but only in the long-term course. The cumulative survival of the patients under study was 96% at 5 years and 84% at 10 years, respectively which is markedly higher compared to historical control series with a letality of greater than 90% within 10 years. PMID- 3148785 TI - Long-term immunosuppressive therapy of idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. AB - Fifty cases of idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis were followed up for an average of 10 +/- 0.9 (SE) years. Forty of them, who presented a nephrotic syndrome, were treated by immunosuppressive drugs (prednisone, azathioprine, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide) for 79 +/- 9.7 (SE) months. Cumulative survival ratio for 5, 10 and 15 years after enrollment was 0.90, 0.82 and 0.77 and after appearance of first symptoms or signs of kidney disease as determined by anamnestic data 0.97, 0.91 and 0.90 accordingly. Triple-drug therapy (prednisone and azathioprine combined with chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide) was more effective in improving proteinuria than other immunosuppressive regimens. No serious side effects were encountered. PMID- 3148787 TI - [Combination therapy with insulin/sulfonylurea in the long-term therapy of type II diabetes following "secondary failure"]. AB - In type 2 diabetes with "secondary failure of sulfonylurea therapy" good metabolic control can seldom be achieved by insulin therapy even with high insulin doses. Hyperinsulinemia however is a possible risk factor of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Maintaining the effects of sulfonylurea action insulin should be added in as small amounts as possible to avoid hyperinsulinemia and to ameliorate hyperglycemia. 16 type 2 diabetics with "secondary failure" were treated either with insulin alone (group A; n = 8) or with 3.5 mg b.i.d. glibenclamide plus small amounts of intermediate insulin (group B; n = 8) in a randomised order. After the inpatient period outpatient control was performed monthly up to six months, later on four times a year up to two years. Both groups were comparable with regard to age, duration of diabetes, body weight and metabolic control. The daily insulin dose was 14 +/- 2 IU (means +/- SEM) after one month and 19 +/- 2 IU after two years in group B. In contrast 30 +/- 3 IU and 43 +/- 5 IU respectively were needed in group A (p less than 0.001). All patients B were treated with one daily injection, all patients A needed two injections. Resulting in nearly identical metabolic control in group A basal insulin levels exceeded those in group B after two years significantly (28.6 +/- 3.7 vs. 18.6 +/- 1.6 mcU/ml; p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3148788 TI - [Persistent changes in tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor fibrinolytic parameters in patients following juvenile ischemic cerebral infarct]. AB - In diseases associated with thrombotic or thromboembolic complications, a reduction in the fibrinolytic potential may contribute to the risk to develop thrombosis. To investigate whether juvenile cerebral infarction is associated with a permanent defect of the fibrinolytic system we measured the main components of the fibrinolytic system, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its fast acting inhibitor (PAI) in plasma samples of 21 patients (aged 21-44 years) 3-24 months after the acute event. The data obtained were compared to those from thirteen healthy young volunteers (22-46 years). A direct effect of known risk factors on the fibrinolytic system could be excluded because patients avoided their risk factors immediately after the ischemic cerebral attack. Hypertension and the combination of oral contraceptives and smoking had been the most striking original risk factors. Levels of t-PA antigen and t-PA activity before and after venous occlusion, or PAI activity were not different between patients and controls suggesting that at least a permanent decrease in the activity of the fibrinolytic system does not exist in these patients. However, our findings do not exclude that a temporary defect in fibrinolysis might have contributed to the acute onset of the thrombotic cerebral event possibly induced by the risk factors originally present. PMID- 3148790 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium and blood gases in patients with aseptic necrosis of the femur head during treatment with curantyl (dipyridamole)]. PMID- 3148789 TI - [Effect of L-carnitine supplemented total parenteral nutrition on postoperative lipid and nitrogen utilization]. AB - During episodes of trauma carnitine-free total parenteral nutrition (TPN) may result in a reduction of the total body carnitine pool, leading to a diminished rate of fat oxidation. Sixteen patients undergoing esophagectomy were equally and randomly divided and received isonitrogenous (0.2 gN/kg.day) and isocaloric (35 kcal/kg.day TPN over 11 days without and with L-carnitine supplementation (12 mg/kg.day). Compared with healthy controls, the total body carnitine pool was significantly reduced in both groups prior to the operation. Without supplementation carnitine concentrations were maintained, while daily provision of carnitine resulted in an elevation of total carnitine mainly due to an increase of the free fraction. Without supplementation the cumulative urinary carnitine losses were 11.5 +/- 6.3 mmol corresponding to 15.5% +/- 8.5% of the estimated total body carnitine pool. Patients receiving carnitine revealed a positive carnitine balance in the immediate postoperative phase, 11.1% +/- 19.0% of the infused carnitine being retained. After 11 days of treatment comparable values for respiratory quotient, plasma triglycerides, free fatty acids, ketone bodies, and cumulative nitrogen balance were observed. It is concluded that in the patient population studied here carnitine supplementation during postoperative TPN did not improve fat oxidation or nitrogen balance. PMID- 3148793 TI - Collagen metabolism in experimental lung silicosis. A trimodal behavior of collagenolysis. AB - In spite of several studies, both in vivo and in vitro, the pathogenesis of silicosis remains unclear, mainly in those mechanisms related to fibrogenesis. In this study, we analyzed the concentration, biosynthesis, and degradation of collagen in silica-treated rats 7, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after instillation. Our results showed a significant increase in collagen content and biosynthesis from the 15th day onward. However, our most remarkable finding was related to collagenolytic activity. In this sense, the silicotic rats presented a trimodal behavior: some animals showed an increased degradation, others had similar values to those of the controls, and others exhibited a decrease of collagenolytic activity. Altogether, these results suggest that collagen deposition in silicotic lungs is due to a rise in biosynthesis and, at least in some animals, to a decrease in degradation. Nevertheless, the steps of collagenolysis must be studied in more detail. PMID- 3148792 TI - Neutrophil-derived epoxide, 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate, induces pulmonary edema. AB - We have observed that neutrophils biosynthesize linoleate epoxide, 9,10-epoxy-12 octadecenoate, and have named it leukotoxin because of its cytotoxic effect. In this experiment, the effect of leukotoxin on the lung was investigated. Acute effect of leukotoxin: Using Wistar rats, leukotoxin (100 mumol/kg) was injected intravenously for the leukotoxin group, and linoleate (100 mumol/kg) for the linoleate group. Physiological saline was injected as the control. Ten min after injection, rats were divided into 3 groups: (1) lungs were isolated, and lung wet weight, and dry weight were measured; (2) lung lavages were performed, and albumin concentration and activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were measured; (3) morphological changes were studied by light and electron microscope. After administration of leukotoxin, lung wet weight/body weight ratios and dry weight/wet weight ratios were increased. Albumin concentration and ACE activity in lung lavages were also increased. Pulmonary edema was also confirmed by light microscopic findings. Alveolar epithelial cell damage and endothelium damage were also observed. Linoleate had no significant effect on these biochemical parameters and morphological findings. Subacute effect of leukotoxin: Twelve hr after administration of leukotoxin (50 mumol/kg) or linoleate (50 mumol/kg), the same studies were performed as in the acute experiments. Immediately after administration of leukotoxin, no significant effect was observed. However, 12 hr later similar changes were observed as in the acute experiments. Linoleate did not show any significant effect 12 hr after injection. These results indicate that leukotoxin biosynthesized by neutrophils might be closely related to the genesis of inflammatory edema. PMID- 3148791 TI - Alcohol self-administration by female macaque monkeys: a model for study of alcohol dependence, hyperprolactinemia and amenorrhea. AB - Chronic alcohol dependence produces persistent amenorrhea in alcoholic women and female Macaque monkeys but the mechanism is unknown. In one amenorrheic alcohol dependent monkey, prolactin levels increased from 16.5 to 63 ng/ml during chronic, high-dose alcohol self-administration (3.4 g/kg/day) and immunocytochemical examination of the anterior pituitary showed apparent hyperplasia of the lactotrophs. These data suggested that hyperprolactinemia might contribute to alcohol-induced amenorrhea. Four amenorrheic cycles (85-194 days) from two other alcoholic female monkeys that self-administered an average of 2.97 to 4.4 g/kg/day of alcohol were also studied. Each monkey became amenorrheic during the first menstrual cycle that alcohol was available. One monkey developed galactorrhea during a 97-day amenorrheic cycle when alcohol self administration averaged 3.35 g/kg/day. Although prolactin levels were intermittently elevated above 20 ng/ml, average levels during these amenorrheic cycles (14.7 +/- 1.8 to 19.6 +/- 1.5 ng/ml) did not differ significantly from prolactin levels during normal ovulatory menstrual cycles when no alcohol was available (19.7 +/- 0.36 ng/ml). There was a negative correlation between daily alcohol dose and prolactin levels (p less than .01). High-dose alcohol self administration was often associated with low normal prolactin levels, but a relative fall in alcohol dose was usually associated with elevated prolactin levels. These data suggest that both alcohol intoxication and relative alcohol withdrawal may alter basal prolactin levels. LH levels were significantly lower during amenorrheic cycles (16.9 +/- 1.2 to 24 +/- 1.4 ng/ml) than during nonalcohol control cycles (28 +/- 1.2 to 30 +/- 2.2 ng/ml) (p less than .001). These data are consistent with clinical data that suggest that hypothalamic amenorrhea is associated with suppression of gonadotropin secretory activity. PMID- 3148794 TI - A reversible model of acute lung injury based on ozone exposure. AB - In this study inflammatory responses were determined in rat lungs 0, 1, 3, and 8 days following single 2- and 4-hr exposures to 1.8 ppm ozone. Analysis of lavage fluid immediately following exposure demonstrated enhanced lactate dehydrogenase activity and decreased numbers of lavageable macrophages but no alterations in albumin content. Similar analyses at one day postexposure demonstrated 282% and 456% increases in albumin content and enhanced numbers of lavageable neutrophils from a control value of 0.01 +/- 0.01 to 0.27 +/- 0.10 and 0.78 +/- 0.11 million cells per lung for 2-hr and 4-hr exposures, respectively. The observed increased levels of albumin were also present at 3 days, at which time the number of lavageable neutrophils was not significantly different than control. At both one and 3 days postexposure, lavageable lymphocytes were significantly increased 10 fold from a control value of 0.03 +/- 0.01 million cells per lung. However, the number of lavageable macrophages was unaltered on day 1, but enhanced on day 3, giving values of 0.67 +/- 0.05 (control), 2.25 +/- 0.46 (2 hr), and 2.70 +/- 1.05 (4 hr) million cells per lung. By 8 days both inflammatory cell numbers and albumin levels had returned to control values. Since these data demonstrated different time courses for each inflammatory cell type, this reversible model of acute lung injury should be useful for establishing possible involvement of these cells in processes of lung injury. PMID- 3148795 TI - Hypotheses on a possible role of some mediators in various inflammatory reactions on mouse ear. AB - Thanks to local application of various compounds that inhibit the effects or the synthesis of histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes, hypotheses are proposed about the possible role of these mediators in various experimental inflammations induced on mouse ear: reactions to arachidonic acid, croton oil and cantharidin (6-h and 24-h phases); primary irritation and delayed hypersensitivity reaction to picryl chloride; and semi-delayed (6-h) and delayed (24-h) hypersensitivity to oxazolone. Histamine seems to play a major role in the acute phase (6-h) of the reaction to cantharidin and in the primary irritation due to picryl chloride. Serotonin seems to be more involved in edema due to arachidonic acid and to croton oil and in the semi-delayed phase of hypersensitivity to oxazolone. Leukotrienes seem to have a more pronounced role in arachidonic-acid-induced inflammation and in the primary irritation and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to picryl chloride. Prostaglandins and/or thromboxanes might have some influence in edema due to arachidonic acid and to croton oil, and in the primary irritation reaction to picryl chloride. PMID- 3148796 TI - Effect of various steroids on the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid in isolated hepatocytes and HTC cells. AB - The effect of various steroids on the incorporation and desaturation of eicosa 8,11,14-trienoic acid in normal hepatocytes and HTC cells was investigated. After 3 hr incubation with 11-deoxycorticosterone, both kinds of cells showed an increase in the incorporation of eicosatrienoic acid. In contrast, progesterone, cortexolone, 17-beta-estradiol, testosterone, estriol, aldosterone, corticosterone, dexamethasone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 11-beta hydroxyandrosterone, 11-ketoaetiocholanolone, epiaetiocholanolone and 5-beta pregnane-3 alpha,20 alpha-diol, provoked no significant changes in the uptake of the exogenous acid. Of all the steroids tested, only 11-deoxycorticosterone, dexamethasone and 17-beta-estradiol evoked a significant inhibition on the arachidonate biosynthesis in both kinds of cells. Testosterone, estriol, aldosterone and corticosterone provoked a significant inhibition of delta 5 desaturase in HTC cells. In dexamethasone, this effect was dose-dependent (0 to 10(-4) M). Simultaneous incubation with 17-beta-estradiol or 11 deoxycorticosterone with dexamethasone led to an extent of inhibition on arachidonate biosynthesis that did not surpass the effect of each drug. Pretreatment of isolated hepatocytes with the antiglucocorticoid, cortexolone, prevented the dexamethasone-induced inhibition of arachidonate biosynthesis. Normal rat liver microsomes preincubated in vitro with dexamethasone, 11 deoxycorticosterone, 17-beta-estradiol, corticosterone or estriol (10(-6) or 10( 4) M concentration), showed no significant changes in the delta 5-desaturase activity. The results obtained suggest that the effect of the steroids on arachidonic acid biosynthesis in normal hepatocytes and HTC cells requires receptor occupancy and probably is mediated through a common biochemical mechanism. PMID- 3148798 TI - A better way to market maternal-child care. PMID- 3148799 TI - The role of education in discharge planning. PMID- 3148800 TI - Checking the checklist. PMID- 3148802 TI - A small group can go a long way. PMID- 3148801 TI - News on minors' abortion rights. PMID- 3148797 TI - Esterification of 8,11,14-eicosatrienoate and arachidonate into alkylacyl- and diacylglycerophosphocholine by vascular endothelial cells. AB - Agonist-stimulated phospholipases release arachidonate, but not 8,11,14 eicosatrienoate, from human endothelial cells. One source of the arachidonic acid is deacylation of 1-alkyl-2-arachidonoyl-glycerophosphocholine, with subsequent conversion of some of the resultant lysophospholipid to platelet-activating factor. This study has compared the distribution of incorporated 8,11,14 [14C]eicosatrienoate in alkylacyl-GPC and diacyl-GPC with that of [14C]arachidonate synthesized endogenously by desaturation of the 8,11,14 [14C]eicosatrienoate. Cells were incubated for 24 or 48 hr with 8,11,14 [14C]eicosatrienoate, and the resultant mixture of 14C-fatty acids in the cellular lipids was characterized by gas chromatography. The choline phospholipids were then separated, hydrolyzed with phospholipase C and derivatized to diradylbenzoates. Gas chromatographic analysis indicated extensive incorporation of [14C]eicosatrienoate, as well as [14C]arachidonate, into alkylacyl-GPC. Although the ratio of esterified [14C]arachidonate to [14C]eicosatrienoate was greater in alkylacyl-GPC than in diacyl-GPC, the enrichment with [14C]arachidonate was far less than the ratio of arachidonate/eicosatrienoate released from these cells. These results thus support the hypothesis that the acyl specificity of polyunsaturated fatty acid release is provided by the agonist-stimulated phospholipase A2 rather than the composition of the alkylacyl-GPC. PMID- 3148803 TI - Options and issues for pregnant adolescents. PMID- 3148804 TI - A step beyond "just say no". PMID- 3148805 TI - Getting perspective on HELLP syndrome. PMID- 3148808 TI - The costs of research to nursing. PMID- 3148807 TI - Reducing risk for heart disease in children. PMID- 3148806 TI - Simplifying urine collection from infants and children without losing accuracy. PMID- 3148809 TI - Detection of a large haemolysin plasmid carrying multiple antibiotic resistance markers in Streptococcus faecalis. PMID- 3148810 TI - Purification and some properties of Shiga-like toxin from Escherichia coli O157:H7 that is immunologically identical to Shiga toxin. AB - A cytotoxin to Vero cells (Shiga-like toxin), which was neutralized by antibody against purified Shiga toxin produced by Shigella dysenteriae 1, was purified from Escherichia coli O157:H7, isolated from a patient with hemorrhagic colitis. The purification procedure consisted of ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE cellulose column chromatography, chromatofocusing column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. About 200 micrograms of purified Shiga-like toxin was obtained from cell extracts of 14 liters of culture with a yield of about 15%. The purified Shiga-like toxin showed identical physicochemical, biological and immunological properties to those of Shiga toxin. Purified Shiga like toxin and Shiga toxin also had the same mobilities on polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel isoelectrofocusing. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis, purified Shiga-like toxin migrated as two bands corresponding to the A and B subunits, and these migrated to the same positions as A and B subunits of Shiga toxin. The amino acid composition of the purified Shiga-like toxin was also similar to that of Shiga toxin. The purified Shiga-like toxin showed various biological activities: lethal toxicity to mice when injected intraperitoneally, the LD50 being 30 ng per mouse; cytotoxicity to Vero cells, killing about 50% of the cells at 6 pg; and fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal loops at concentrations of more than 1.25 micrograms/loop. These values are comparable with those obtained with Shiga toxin. In an Ouchterlony double gel diffusion test, the lines formed by the purified Shiga-like toxin and Shiga toxin fused, indicating that the two toxins were immunologically identical. PMID- 3148811 TI - Purification, characterization and identification of a 32 kDa protein antigen of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. AB - An immunogenic protein called P32 has been purified from Sauton zinc deficient culture filtrate of Mycobacterium bovis BCG using successively hydrophobic chromatography on Phenyl-Sepharose, ion exchange on DEAE-Sephacel and molecular sieving on Sephadex G-100. The final preparation was found to be homogeneous as based on several analyses. This P32 protein was a constituent of BCG cells grown in normal conditions. It represented about 3% of the soluble fraction of a cellular extract, and appeared as the major protein released in normal Sauton culture filtrate. This protein was found to have a molecular weight of 32,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in molecular sieving. Its amino acid composition showed an abundance of acidic amino acids (or their amides). The NH2 terminal amino acid sequence (6 amino acids) was determined. Purified P32 was tested by various crossed immunoelectrophoresis techniques, and was shown to belong to the antigen 85 complex in the reference system for BCG antigens. It was more precisely identified as antigen 85A. The protein antigen elicited a weak delayed hypersensitivity reaction in guinea pigs sensitized with heat-killed or living BCG. No delayed hypersensitivity reaction was observed in living BCG sensitized mice, however, it induced significant amounts of gamma interferon in cultured spleen cells from BCG-sensitized mice. Moreover, P32 either pure or as part of BCG soluble extract promoted substantial antibody levels when injected in rabbits. PMID- 3148812 TI - Role of exotoxin A and elastase in the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO experimental mouse burn infection. AB - We examined the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO and xcp (extracellular proteins deficient) and xch (extracellular proteins hyperproducing) mutants derived from strain PAO in an experimental mouse burn infection model. The results showed that xcp mutants, which produced little or no extracellular elastase and exotoxin A, were as virulent as their corresponding xcp+ strains. The xch mutants produced more elastase and exotoxin A than the wild type strain, however, they had significantly lower virulence, probably due to reduced ability of these strains to take up iron. Treatment of mice with ferric ammonium citrate had no effect on the wild type strain but enhanced mortality in mice challenged with xch mutants. Neither elastase nor exotoxin A seem to play any role in burn infections with P. aeruginosa strain PAO. However, ability for iron uptake is an important virulence factor. PMID- 3148813 TI - Pathogenesis of scrapie is faster when infection is intraspinal instead of intracerebral. AB - Previous studies of mice infected peripherally with 139A scrapie showed that scrapie agent initially replicates outside the CNS and that invasion of the CNS occurs several weeks later by neural spread of infection along visceral autonomic fibres to the mid-thoracic cord, and thence to brain. Direct intracerebral infection of brain bypasses the need for extraneural replication and gives shorter incubation periods than peripheral routes. However, it was also found that the duration of the scrapie replication phase in brain, before clinical disease develops, is actually shorter with peripheral routes than with the intracerebral route. We have now investigated this surprising observation using the intraspinal route to reproduce just the neural phase of scrapie pathogenesis seen after peripheral infection. In studies of three strains of scrapie (263K, 139A and ME7) in either hamsters or mice, we have fulfilled the prediction that incubation periods should be shorter after intraspinal infection than after intracerebral infection. Detailed studies of 139A scrapie showed that the shorter incubation period by the intraspinal route could be accounted for by the shorter duration of the scrapie replication phase in brain before clinical disease developed. As a consequence, the severity of the vacuolar lesions in brain at the clinical stage of all three scrapie models was less after intraspinal infection than after intracerebral infection but the severities of vacuolation after intraspinal and intraperitoneal infection were remarkably similar. We speculate that (a) the site of injection (or of invasion) of the central nervous system determines which neural pathways become accessible for the spread of scrapie infection, and that (b) the duration of the neural phase of scrapie pathogenesis is related to the complexity of the pathways between the site of invasion and the clinical target areas in which, it is suggested, scrapie must replicate for disease to develop. PMID- 3148814 TI - Cellular internalisation of Clostridium difficile toxin A. AB - The cytopathogenic effect of toxin A from Clostridium difficile was studied in cultured human lung fibroblasts. The final effect was dependent on toxin concentration and exposure time. Binding of the toxin to cells occurred at 0 degrees C as well as at 37 degrees C. The latency before appearance of the cytopathogenic effect was dose-dependent with a minimum of 45 min. The appearance of a cytopathogenic effect in toxin-treated cells was prevented by the addition of trypsin, antitoxin, lysosomotropic agents, inhibitors of the energy metabolism, 200 mM KCl, 20 mM benzyl alcohol and by incubation at 18 degrees C. Several inhibitors of lysosomal proteases did not prevent the appearance of the cytopathogenic effect. When the extracellular pH was lowered to 4.5 for 5 min immediately after toxin binding the period of latency was significantly shortened. Likewise, the protective effects of lysosomotropic agents were abolished by lowering the extracellular pH. Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants, defective in acidification of their endosomes, were less sensitive to toxin A than wildtype cells. The results indicate that cellular internalisation of toxin A is necessary for intoxication. Moreover, we postulate that the toxin needs some sort of enzymatic activation which can take place only after exposure of the toxin to a low pH. PMID- 3148815 TI - Comparative safety and efficacy against Bacillus anthracis of protective antigen and live vaccines in mice. AB - The efficacy and mechanisms of protection of two live vaccines and of a protective antigen (PA) vaccine against Bacillus anthracis were studied in inbred mice. Mice that differed in their natural resistance to killing by Sterne, a non encapsulated, toxigenic vaccine strain of B. anthracis, were used. Vaccination with live Sterne spores protected Sterne-resistant mice against challenge with the virulent Vollum 1B (V1B) strain of B. anthracis, but only at doses of Sterne greater than or equal to 0.1 50% lethal dose. The live B. subtilis recombinant strain PA2, which produces the PA component of anthrax toxin, fully protected (CBA/J) or partially protected (BALB/cJ) Sterne-resistant mice against V1B. Neither immunization with the cell-free PA vaccine nor passive administration of anti-PA antiserum protected Sterne-resistant mice against V1B. Sterne-susceptible A/J mice were not protected against V1B by either live vaccine or by the PA vaccine. However, immunization with strain PA2 induced anti-PA antibody and protected A/J mice against Sterne. A/J mice passively treated with antitoxin antibodies also survived Sterne, and survivors were then partially protected against V1B. Thus, immunity to Sterne correlated with an effective anti-PA response. Immunity to fully virulent V1B also required PA but may involve mechanisms in addition to humoral immunity. PMID- 3148816 TI - Cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetyl neuraminic acid and a low molecular weight factor from human blood cells induce lipopolysaccharide alteration in gonococci when conferring resistance to killing by human serum. AB - Recently evidence has been obtained that a minute amount of cytidine 5' monophospho-N-acetyl neuraminic acid (CMP-NANA) or a closely related compound is the low Mr factor in human red blood cells which induces Neisseria gonorrhoeae (BS4(agar] to resistance to killing by fresh human serum. Induction of gonococci to resistance by both CMP-NANA and semi-purified low Mr factor from red blood cells was accompanied by a 35-55% reduction of silver staining of lipopolysaccharide separated in SDS-PAGE gels of proteinase K digests. These alterations in lipopolysaccharide are probably responsible for conferring serum resistance. However, lipopolysaccharide-containing digests from resistant as well as from susceptible gonococci neutralised serum bactericidal activity. These observations may have wider implications since CMP-NANA is a sialylating agent wide-spread in mammalian tissues and LPS is ubiquitous amongst Gram-negative pathogens. PMID- 3148817 TI - Presence of antibodies to the major anaerobically induced gonococcal outer membrane protein in sera from patients with gonococcal infections. AB - Anaerobically grown Neisseria gonorrhoeae induces and represses the synthesis of outer membrane proteins. One of the anaerobically induced proteins, Pan 1, reacted strongly on Western blots with sera from patients with uncomplicated gonococcal infection, pelvic inflammatory disease, and disseminated gonococcal infection, but not with normal human serum. The pattern of reactivity of the sera against Pan 1 from several gonococcal strains suggested that the protein was antigenically heterogeneous, containing both common and unique epitopes. Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease digestion of Pan 1 from four gonococcal strains revealed the presence of common peptides, with one strain also containing some unique peptides and lacking others. The class of the antibody reactive with gonococcal outer membrane antigens was examined; anti-Pan 1 antibody was found to be IgG or IgM, but not IgA. The IgM antibody present reacted predominantly with Pan 1. These data indicate that the Pan 1 protein is expressed in vivo and strongly suggest that N. gonorrhoeae can grow anaerobically in vivo. PMID- 3148819 TI - [Cost estimation as a form of analysis of the rationality of managing the resources of occupational health services]. AB - The cost account to be applied as a method of improving the financial economy of occupational health services is one of the proposals within the social services reform. The considerations should refer to the account of both total and unit costs. There fore the cost account should involve a comparison of total costs of activities with the productivity of occupational health service facilities, which is largely hampered due to deficiencies in the present knowledge on methods and empirical studies. A significant issue is the precise determination of effects whose measures applied in hitherto performed studies were burdened with the element of conventionality and discretionality. A significant obstacle is the correct classification of detailed cost items pursuant to their original places. In the authors' opinion, solution of those problems may contribute to the development of methods for the unit cost account which is essential in the proposed future variants of financial means allocation within the health care services. PMID- 3148818 TI - Characterization of a silent pilin gene locus from Neisseria meningitidis strain FAM18. AB - We cloned and characterized a silent pilin locus (pilS) in the chromosome of Neisseria meningitidis strain FAM18. This locus represents the sole region of the FAM18 chromosome with strong homology to a gonococcal pilin gene. The FAM18 pilS locus encodes two tandem, in-frame, truncated pilin genes and shares many features with the previously described pilS locus of N. meningitidis strain C114. However, DNA sequence comparison shows that different information resides in the hypervariable region of one of the gene copies between the two strains. The conservation of reading frames within silent copies and the sequence diversity in hypervariable regions are reminiscent of gonococcal pilS loci and suggest that pilS loci may be of functional importance in the meningococcus. PMID- 3148820 TI - Evaluation of a monoclonal antibody affinity purified antigen for zymodeme specific serological diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. AB - Theoretically, serological assays with affinity purified marker antigens can allow strain-specific diagnosis even when parasites cannot be retrieved from an infected host. A Trypanosoma cruzi antigen was purified by affinity chromatography using a zymodeme (Z) 2 specific monoclonal antibody (2E2C11). An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the purified antigen could discriminate between sera from rabbits immunized with T. cruzi zymodeme clones but could not discriminate between sera from mice infected with different zymodemes. PMID- 3148821 TI - A contribution to the study of acute schistosomiasis (an experimental trial). AB - In an attempt to establish an experimental model of acute schistosomiasis, sequential histological changes were investigated in the skin, lung, liver and spleen of mice infected with 30 or 100 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni according to four sets of experiments: single infection, repeated infections, unisexual infection and infection in mice born from infected mothers. Animals were killed every other day from exposure up to 50 days after infection. Only mild, isolated, focal inflammatory changes were found before the appearance of mature eggs in the liver, even when repeated infections were made. Severe changes of reactive hepatitis and splenitis appeared suddenly when the first mature eggs were deposited, around the 37th to 42nd day after infection. The mature eggs induced lytic and coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes around them which was soon followed by dense infiltration of eosinophils. So, mature egg-induced lesions appeared as the major factors in the pathogenesis of acute schistosomiasis in mice. Mice born from infected mothers were apparently able to rapidly modulate the egg-lesions, forming early fibrotic granulomas. The murine model of acute schistosomiasis appeared adequate for the study of pathology and pathogenesis of acute schistosomiasis. PMID- 3148822 TI - Pathogenesis of pipe-stem fibrosis of the liver (experimental observation on murine schistosomiasis). AB - Mice infected with 30 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni developed portal and septal fibrosis due to the massive and concentrated deposition of eggs in the periportal areas which occurred following the 16th week after infection. The lesion resembled pipe-stem fibrosis seen in human hepatosplenic schistosomiasis in the following characters: portal fibrosis interconnecting portal spaces as well as portal spaces and central canals; portal inflammation; periovular granulomas; vascular obstruction and telangiectasia. The liver parenchyma maintained its normal architecture. Vascular injection techniques with Indian ink and vinylite revealed that the portal system developed numerous dilated collateral venules coming from the large and medium-sized portal branches, about 10 weeks after schistosome infection. The lodging of schistosome eggs into these collaterals resulted in granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis along all the portal tracts, thus forming the pipe-stem lesion. Although not readily demonstrable grossly, the pipe-stem fibrosis of murine schistosomiasis has many similarities with the human lesion and can be considered to have the same basic pathogenesis. PMID- 3148823 TI - Concentrated drinking water extracts, which cause bacterial mutation and chromosome damage in CHO cells, do not induce sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila. AB - Concentrated extracts prepared from chlorinated drinking water samples were tested for their ability to induce sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. Adult flies were allowed to feed on sucrose solutions prepared using neat or half-strength water extract. The drinking water extracts used for this study were also tested in bacterial fluctuation assays using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98 and in an in vitro cytogenetic assay using CHO cells. Although the water extracts gave positive results in both of these in vitro tests, there was no evidence of mutagenic activity in the Drosophila studies. PMID- 3148824 TI - The identification of micronucleated chromosomes: a possible assay for aneuploidy. AB - A technique is presented for establishing the presence of kinetochores in micronuclei (mn) using CREST antikinetochore antibodies and immunofluorescence. In cultured lymphocytes blocked in their second cycle by cytochalasin-B 61% baseline mn possess kinetochores, and thus originated from whole chromosomes. Mn inducing agents with different modes of action were compared to determine the proportion of mn with kinetochores: virtually all X-ray- and mitomycin-C-induced mn were derived from acentric fragments as shown by the absence of kinetochore immunofluorescence, whereas the majority (79%) of colcemid-induced mn were CREST positive, reflecting the formation of mn through failure of attachment of chromosomes to the spindle. The proportion of mn without kinetochore fluorescence in the control (39%) and colcemid-treated (21%) cultures was greater than expected and possible reasons for this are discussed. PMID- 3148825 TI - Immunochemical viewing of kallikrein in tissues. PMID- 3148826 TI - Plasminogen activators and their inhibitors. PMID- 3148827 TI - Tissue-type plasminogen activator and fast-acting plasminogen activator inhibitor in plasma. PMID- 3148828 TI - C-reactive protein. PMID- 3148830 TI - Cyanobacteria. PMID- 3148829 TI - Haptoglobin. PMID- 3148831 TI - New taxonomic methods: DNA/DNA hybridization. PMID- 3148832 TI - 16 S ribosomal RNA cataloging. PMID- 3148833 TI - Protein sequences as taxonomic probes of cyanobacteria. PMID- 3148834 TI - Gas vesicles: chemical and physical properties. PMID- 3148835 TI - Phycobiliproteins. PMID- 3148836 TI - Isolation and purification of cyanobacteria. PMID- 3148837 TI - Soluble cytochromes and ferredoxins. PMID- 3148838 TI - DNA transformation. PMID- 3148839 TI - Transformation in Synechocystis PCC 6714 and 6803: preparation of chromosomal DNA. PMID- 3148840 TI - Mutagenesis of cyanobacteria by classical and gene-transfer-based methods. PMID- 3148841 TI - Use of reporter genes in cyanobacteria. PMID- 3148842 TI - Conjugal transfer of DNA to cyanobacteria. PMID- 3148843 TI - Cyanobacterial genetic tools: current status. PMID- 3148844 TI - Metabolism of pyrimidine bases and nucleosides by Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype F. AB - Pyrimidine metabolism in Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype F, and its ability to grow in liquid culture on pyrimidines and related compounds was investigated. It was found that uracil, uridine, cytosine, cytidine, deoxycytidine, dihydrouracil, dihydrothymine, beta-alanine or beta-aminoisobutyric acid could be utilized by this pseudomonad as a sole nitrogen source. Only uridine, cytidine, beta-alanine, beta-aminoisobutyric acid or ribose were capable of supporting its growth as a sole source of carbon. In solid medium, the pyrimidine analogue 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorouridine could prevent P. fluorescens biotype F growth at a low concentration while a 20-fold higher concentration of 5-fluorocytosine, 5 fluorodeoxyuridine or 6-azauracil was necessary to block its growth. The pyrimidine salvage enzymes cytosine deaminase, nucleoside hydrolase, uridine phosphorylase, thymidine phosphorylase and cytidine deaminase were assayed. Only cytosine deaminase and nucleoside hydrolase activities could be detected under the assay conditions used. The effect of growth conditions on cytosine deaminase and nucleoside hydrolase levels in the micro-organism was explored. Cytosine deaminase activity was shown to increase if glycerol was substituted for glucose as the sole carbon source or if asparagine replaced (NH4)2SO4 as the sole nitrogen source in each respective medium. In contrast, nucleoside hydrolase activity remained virtually unchanged whether the carbon source in the medium was glucose or glycerol. A decrease in nucleoside hydrolase activity was witnessed when asparagine was present in the medium instead of (NH4)2SO4 as the sole source of nitrogen. PMID- 3148846 TI - [Recombinant gamma interferon in psoriasis arthopathica, progressive systemic scleroderma and Behcet disease]. PMID- 3148845 TI - Inhalation regional cerebral blood flow: the use of tidal CO2 data to find radionuclide activity associated with exhaled alveolar gas. AB - When calculating cerebral blood flow by the inhalation regional cerebral blood flow technique, radionuclide activity associated with exhaled alveolar gas is used to represent the arterial input function for each brain region. In this study, tidal CO2 data are used to identify respiratory gas samples that contain alveolar gas. Traditional methods identify alveolar gas samples by searching for maxima and minima in the raw air curve. The raw air curve is determined by sequentially counting radionuclide activity in respiratory gases sampled at the mouth. Traditional methods sometimes erroneously identify and use maxima or minima that do not represent alveolar gas. The use of CO2 data is advantageous since the range of CO2 during exhalation can identify those exhalations that approach the functional reserve capacity and hence represent alveolar gas. The arterial input function is represented by counting intervals from the raw air curve which coincide with exhalation of alveolar gas as identified by CO2 data. This approach for representing the arterial input function is fully automatic, accurate, and reproducible. PMID- 3148847 TI - The role of values in cost containment. PMID- 3148848 TI - [Myoclonic epilepsy with non-progressive encephalopathy]. AB - We report 6 cases of particular type of myoclonic epilepsy with non-progressive encephalopathy. It consists of a syndrome characterized by an onset of seizures in the first year of life, frequent myoclonic status, generalized spikes and waves on EEG and an unfavourable outcome with encephalopathy. At the beginning, the diagnosis is difficult, the symptomatology later suggests a progressive encephalopathy. In the present study, a detailed analysis of the early electroencephalographic aspects and of the arguments in favour of a non progressive encephalopathy is proposed. Hypothesis of perinatal vascular lesions mainly involving the central areas is forwarded. PMID- 3148849 TI - Kojewnikow's Epilepsia Partialis Continua: two cases associated with striatal necrosis. AB - The authors report two cases of children suffering from Epilepsia Partialis Continua (EPC). The first case concerned a boy primarily affected by abdominal neuroblastoma and secondarily by bilateral EPC; "pallidal posture" was the prominent clinical feature. An acute measles encephalitis was diagnosed and the CT scan showed necrosis of the putamina. The second case concerned a girl suffering from increased intracranial pressure due to suprasellar craniopharyngioma. Seven days after intervention, Diabetes Insipidus and EPC appeared. Enlargement of rolandic and sylvian spaces and lacunar necrosis of the putamen on the left side were also evident on the CT scan. The authors emphasize the significance of occasional metabolic disturbances, especially natremia, in the development of EPC. PMID- 3148851 TI - Pulmonary complications from small-diameter, flexible nasoenteric feeding tubes. PMID- 3148850 TI - Clinical correlates of starvation in man. PMID- 3148852 TI - Further studies on recombination in diploid clones from Bacillus subtilis protoplast fusion. AB - Diploid prototrophs were obtained from protoplast fusion of Bacillus subtilis strains. They are unstable but upon further cultivation they stabilize retaining diploidy but are genetically inactive. It has been suggested that recombination between the parental chromosomes is involved in the production of stable prototrophs and recombinants. In this work the occurrence of this recombination was searched for by determining genetic linkages in transformation experiments. In prototrophs two alleles: hisH2 and trpE8 carried originally on each parental chromosome, were shown to be 48% co-transformable in a stable clone whereas they were only cotransformed in 10% of the unstable colonies. For Trp- recombinants (the most frequent type of a Leu- Met- Thr- x Ade- Ura- Trp- fusion pair) lysed protoplasts were used as donor DNA for the transformations. High values of co transfer for Ura+ Met+ were obtained. These results confirm the occurrence of recombination in stable diploid clones, prototrophs or recombinants. PMID- 3148853 TI - Cloning of two chloramphenicol acetyltransferase genes from Clostridium butyricum and their expression in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. AB - Two non-homologous chloramphenicol (Cm) acetyltransferase (CAT) genes, designated catA and catB, were cloned from Clostridium butyricum type strains and characterized by restriction mapping. Both genes are efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. In contrast to analogous genes from staphylococci and bacilli, gene expression is not dependent on induction by Cm. The genes are considered as chromosomal, since no association with endogenous plasmids was detectable. Southern hybridization revealed a homology between catA and the staphylococcal Cm resistance plasmid, pC194. The subunit size of the clostridial CAT enzymes expressed in E. coli was determined as 22.5 kDa (catA) and 24 kDa (catB), respectively. The C. butyricum cat genes provide potentially useful selection markers for the construction of cloning vectors from cryptic clostridial plasmids. PMID- 3148855 TI - [Postinfectious thrombocytosis as an acute phase reaction: the example of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis]. AB - The postinfectious thrombocytosis occurring in 11 children with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis and/or septicaemia shows regular progress. The rise of thrombocyte concentrations starts around the 5th day after onset of antibiotic therapy, reaches values above 500,000/microliter between the 9th and 12th day, and relapses afterwards to normal values, which are reached around the 20th day. The range of thrombocytosis is influenced by the severity and complications (subdural effusions, secondary infection) of the infection as well as by the age of the patient. An inverse course of serum concentrations of C-reactive protein and thrombocyte concentrations points to the influence of this humoral reaction on the thrombocytic acute phase reaction. PMID- 3148854 TI - [Effect of the diagnosis and prevention of exercise-induced bronchial obstruction on sports participation by asthmatic school children]. AB - To assess the sport activities and the previous management of asthmatic children with an exercise-induced bronchial obstruction (EIB), we studied 124 children, aged 8-17 years, with a history of EIB, which was confirmed in a free-running exercise test. Participation in school sports was regular in 38% of the children, irregular in 45% and absent in 17%. Participation in sports outside the school was even lower: In 26% regularly, 18% irregularly and absent in 56%. 17% of all children were not active in any sport. EIB had previously been diagnosed in 38 (31%) children, and 20 (16%) of these had received an appropriate prophylactic medication. Children who received prophylaxis participated significantly more often in school sports (p less than 0.01) and in other sports (p less than 0.05), compared with those who had been diagnosed but had not received prophylaxis. After exercise, peak expiratory flow decreased by a mean of 41% of the preexercise values, but following a prophylactic administration of 0.2 mg Salbutamol-aerosol it decreased only by 2%. A complete protection of EIB was achieved in 94% of the children and the mean %-protection was 95%. The protective effect of 2 mg DNCG-aerosol in 21 children was significantly lower (53%, p less than 0.05) than that of salbutamol and a complete protection was achieved in only 71% (p less than 0.025) of the children. PMID- 3148856 TI - [Gold-induced systemic lupus erythematosus]. AB - After 10 months of treatment with sodiumaureo-thiomalate a 12 year old girl with severe exsudative polyarthritis developed pericarditis and high titers of antinuclear antibodies as well as antibodies to native double-stranded DNA. At that time the cumulative gold dose was 550 mg. After withdrawal of gold medication the clinical symptoms rapidly disappeared and did not recur after a follow-up period of now 5 years. The titers of autoantibodies decreased to normal levels within a year. PMID- 3148857 TI - Pepsin secretion in situ: a review. PMID- 3148858 TI - [Interplasmid illegitimate recombination in Bacillus subtilis cells]. AB - The illegitimate recombination between S. aureus plasmids pE194 (or pGG20-the hybrid between pE194 and E. coli plasmid pBR322) and pBD17 (plasmid pUB110 without Hpa-II-C-fragment) in B. subtilis was studied. Plasmid cointegrates were generated with the frequency of 1-3.10(-8). Among the 22 hybrids analysed 9 types of recombinants were found. Nucleotide sequences of all the parental plasmids were involved in intermolecular recombination. Nucleotide sequencing of recombinant DNA junctions has revealed that in 8 cases recombination occurred between short homologous regions (9-15 b.p.). One of the recombinants resulted from nonhomologous recombination. The similarity between nucleotide sequences of recombination sites of two types of contegrates and those used for pE194 integration into the B. subtilis chromosome (Bashkirov et al. 1987) was demonstrated. Possible mechanisms of illegitimate recombination are discussed. PMID- 3148859 TI - [Characteristics of the effect of Ca/Mg-dependent endonuclease from cell nuclei of human lymphocytes on J kappa-cluster of immunoglobulin genes]. AB - The cleavage of the murine J kappa-segments by purified Ca/Mg-dependent endonuclease was studied. The enzyme was shown to cleave specifically the J kappa segments introducing the double strand breaks in 5'-regions of the J kappa-genes. The number of thus generated discreet fragments does not change during incubation. Specificity of the enzyme is not changed by substitution of Ca/Mg for Mn. The enzyme activity is inhibited by 0.1 M NaCl as well as its specificity. Comparison of the enzyme with the known nuclease activities that cleave specifically the J kappa-segments demonstrated that the activities of the latter are determined by Ca/Mg-dependent endonuclease. The results suggest the possible participation of Ca/Mg-dependent endonuclease in Ig-genes recombination. PMID- 3148860 TI - [Glycine-dependent cryotransformation of Bacillus cereus by plasmid DNA]. AB - A new technique for transformation of naturally noncompetent strains of Bac. cereus is proposed. Penetration of the DNA into recipient cells is based on two step effect. At the first step of the process bacilli are affected by glycine in the early logarithmic phase of growth of the common periodic culture. At the second step the mixed DNA and recipient cells are frozen-thawed. The process permits the transforming DNA penetration via the outer membrane layer of the recipient cells having the affected permeability under the conditions of keeping bacillar recipient cells intact. The efficiency of transformation of Bac. cereus by the plasmids pUB110 and pBC16 DNA by the proposed technique is 1.10(4) and 3.10(3) of transformants per 1 mkg of the plasmid DNA. PMID- 3148861 TI - Prevalence of airborne Aspergillus flavus in Khartoum (Sudan) airspora with reference to dusty weather and inoculum survival in simulated summer conditions. AB - Khartoum air was scanned for airborne Aspergillus flavus for 12 months using the horizontal gravitational settling method. Frequency of occurrence was related to total fungal catch and dusty weather. The Aspergilli were prevalent (68% of total isolated/plate/month) and A. flavus constituted 31% of the total Aspergilli. In June (hot, dry & dusty) Aspergilli constituted 79% of the total isolates, whilst A. flavus represented 30% from amongst the other Aspergilli. A. flavus, A. niger, A. nidulans (conidial & ascosporic states), A. terreus, Eurotium amstelodami and A. fumigatus, in descending order of prevalence were isolated in June. Other pathogenic or potentially pathogenic forms, isolated, were Cladosporium, Curvularia and Penicillium. Amongst winter isolations A. flavus was sporadic to absent in occurrence. A. flavus spore inocula that underwent hourly intermitted exposure to 45 degrees C, showed a decrease in spore germinability as well as reduced germ length. PMID- 3148862 TI - Isolation of aflatoxin from Acacia and the incidence of Aspergillus flavus in the Sudan. AB - A total of 1300 seeds from 13 commodities were surveyed for Aspergillus flavus. An additional inoculum was obtained from 6 divergent sources. A. flavus isolants, randomly selected on the bases of visual cultural characteristics and inoculum source, were assayed for aflatoxin yielding capacity. Out of 97 analyzed isolates 76 (78.3%) were aflatoxin-elaborators of which 27 (27.8%) colonies were classified as very highly toxinogenic (greater than 1000 micrograms/kg). Acacia, described a new source of aflatoxin (81 to greater than 1000 micrograms/kg), is herein first described from Sudan as a substrate for A. flavus. PMID- 3148863 TI - Considerations on the distribution of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus in feeds. AB - The distribution of aflatoxin producing isolates of the Aspergillus flavus group in feeds was studied. Aflatoxin production was investigated by a sequential method previously reported (fluorescence in Coconut Agar Medium, rapid extraction from a wheat medium, and total extraction from the same wheat medium). Twenty seven of 32 samples contained A. flavus, and 21 of them had at least one aflatoxicogenic isolate of A. flavus. Of the 115 isolates analysed, 65 produced aflatoxins, mainly B aflatoxins. PMID- 3148864 TI - Effects of alpha-tocopherol, its carboxylic acid chromane compound and two novel antioxidant isoflavanones on prostaglandin H synthase activity and autodeactivation. AB - The natural antioxidant alpha-tocopherol has repeatedly been described to inhibit platelet aggregation and thromboxane formation, whereas its influence on prostaglandin H synthase in vivo and in vitro is a matter of controversy. In the present study the effects of different antioxidative compounds on ram vesicular gland microsomal prostaglandin H synthase activity were investigated in vitro: d,l-alpha-tocopherol, its carboxylic acid chromane compound (Trolox), phytol, alpha-tocopherol-acetate and two novel antioxidative isoflavanones, obtained by methylation and/or hydrogenation of naturally occurring isoflavones from fermented soybeans (6,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavanone and 6,7,4' trihydroxyisoflavanone). Alpha-tocopherol, -acetate and phytol revealed no significant influence on the enzyme activity when applied in concentrations up to 1 mM. Trolox (100-1000 mu mumol/l) and the two isoflavanones (5-50 and 10-100 mumol/l) dose-dependently augmented the initial rate of oxygen consumption and the total oxygen uptake during prostaglandin H synthase incubation with arachidonic acid (AA). In parallel, these compounds increased the formation of prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha from 14C-labelled AA, and they markedly protected the prostaglandin H synthase from rapid autodeactivation as revealed by repetitive application of AA in small doses. We suggest that these compounds serve as cosubstrates to which the oxidizing equivalents are transferred which arise during the hydroperoxidase reaction of the enzyme. PMID- 3148866 TI - Scabies: no respect. PMID- 3148867 TI - [Downbeat nystagmus in lithium medication]. PMID- 3148865 TI - Uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization by dihydroergocristine in the conscious rat. AB - Dose-dependent effects of the dihydrogenated ergot alkaloid dihydroergocristine on physiological variables, local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) were evaluated in the conscious rat after intravenous injection. Heart rate was reduced with 2.5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg dihydroergocristine. LCBF and LCGU were determined autoradiographically by employing the 14C-iodoantipyrine or 14C-2-deoxyglucose technique, respectively. At a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, dihydroergocristine neither changed LCGU nor LCBF, while at 2.5 mg/kg a slight decrease in LCGU was measured, which was more pronounced at 20 mg/kg. LCBF was significantly increased in several structures at 2.5 mg/kg, but it was markedly reduced at 20 mg/kg. The divergent effects on LCBF and LCGU at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg suggest a potential capacity of dihydroergocristine to uncouple the close interrelation of cerebral blood flow and cerebral energy metabolism. PMID- 3148868 TI - The stability of pH, PCO2, and calculated [HCO3] of urine samples collected under oil. AB - In order to determine the stability of directly measured pH and PCO2, and calculated [HCO3] in stored urine, 11 alkali-loaded normal subjects provided 33 spot and sixteen 24-hour mineral oil-covered, thymol-preserved, refrigerated urine samples. For the spot samples, pH and PCO2 were measured immediately and again at 4 and 24 h. In addition, immediately after voiding, 24 of the spot samples were split into oil-covered and no-oil moieties and analyzed immediately and again at 4 and 24 h. pH and PCO2 measurements of the 24-hour collections were carried out immediately after completion and again 24 h later. The results demonstrated the importance of using oil to limit the escape of CO2 from stored urine. Thus, after 24 h the oil-uncovered subgroup of 24 spot urine samples sustained a 82% decline in PCO2 and 20% fall in [HCO3]. In contrast, the corresponding percentage decrements in the oil-covered samples were 16 and 1%, respectively. The results also indicated that even with oil there is loss of CO2, which increases with time and which shows a statistically significant direct correlation with the baseline level of PCO2. Nevertheless, modest loss of CO2 usually produces only slight decrements in [HCO3] because of the countervailing influence of the resultant increase in pH. We conclude that the use of mineral oil is necessary in order to obtain adequate stability of PCO2, pH and [HCO3] in refrigerated urine requiring several hours or more of storage. PMID- 3148870 TI - Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on phencyclidine- and ketamine-induced spinal depression in neonatal rats. AB - The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were examined on the monosynaptic reflex and on the activity of motoneurons in the spinal cord of the neonatal rat to elucidate the mechanism of action of TRH and its ability to reverse the spinal depression caused by phencyclidine and ketamine. Phencyclidine (2-32 microM) and ketamine (25-200 microM) produced a concentration-dependent depression of the monosynaptic reflex with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 8.4 and 77.5 microM, respectively. This depression, however, was significantly attenuated by simultaneous application of TRH (0.03-1 microM) in a concentration dependent manner. The dose-response curves for phencylidine and ketamine were shifted to the right in the presence of TRH (0.1 microM) with an increase in the respective IC50 of 2- to 3-fold. The incidence of generation of motoneuron spikes, elicited by dorsal root stimulation, was significantly increased by TRH in each neuron tested, concomitantly with an increase in the spontaneous firing rate. These results suggest that TRH directly excites alpha-motoneurons to reverse the spinal depression produced by phencylidine and ketamine. PMID- 3148869 TI - A re-examination of the Na+-independent binding of [3H]beta-alanine to rat brain stem-spinal cord. AB - The Na+-independent binding of [3H]beta-alanine to rat brain stem plus spinal cord was reinvestigated, in order to study in more detail the characteristics of previously described beta-alanine binding processes. Binding was absent when amino acid-free postnuclear supernatants or crude synaptic membranes were used. Experiments performed with several other Na+-free preparations showed a sole binding component, irrespective of the preparation used. Biochemical characterization of this Na+-independent binding, using frozen/thawed/washed synaptosomal-mitochondrial fractions, showed that binding reached a plateau between 7 min and 13 min, increasing thereafter. Binding was linear with fraction protein over a range of 200-415 micrograms/ml incubation medium. Binding was completely inhibited by glycine, alanine, alpha-aminobutyric acid, beta aminoisobutyric acid, hypotaurine and strychnine, and to a lesser extent by 2,2 dimethyl-beta-alanine, brucine and gelsemine. It was insensitive to taurine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), 2-guanidinoethanesulfonic acid (GES), carnosine, and bicuculline methiodide. Binding was reversible, saturable (KD 20 microM), and heat sensitive. PMID- 3148871 TI - Characteristics of accelerated kindling after depletion of noradrenaline in adult rats. AB - The characteristics and pattern of the acceleration of kindling produced by 6 hydroxydopamine-induced depletion of noradrenaline (NA) were investigated in adult rats receiving electrical stimulation of the amygdala once daily. NA depleted rats developed generalized seizures very rapidly by spending significantly less time than controls in the early stages of nonconvulsive or partial seizures, and they required significantly less cumulative total time in afterdischarge than controls to develop generalized seizures. The results suggest that attempts to identify noradrenergic correlates of kindling should be directed to the early stages of seizure development. PMID- 3148872 TI - Antagonism of neurotensin induced miosis by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in rabbits. AB - In previous studies we have shown that thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) antagonizes many of the neural effects of neurotensin (NT). This study, evaluated the ability of TRH and two TRH analogs: 3 methyl-His-TRH and Phe2-TRH to affect NT-induced miosis in rabbits. In confirmation of previous findings, NT (30 micrograms) produced a significant miosis. The high (60 micrograms), but not the low (30 micrograms) dose of TRH significantly antagonized NT (30 micrograms) induced miosis. Of interest was the observation that 3 methyl-His-TRH and Phe2 TRH were more effective than native TRH in blocking NT-induced miosis. The inhibitory effect of 3 methyl-His-TRH on the miotic response to NT exhibited long duration (approximately 60 min) when compared to native TRH and Phe2-TRH. TRH or the TRH congeners had no appreciable effects on pupillary diameter when administered alone. These findings indicate that TRH antagonizes the miotic response to NT, and suggest a hitherto undescribed peptide-peptide interaction involved in regulation of iris motility. PMID- 3148873 TI - Infant formulas designed for treatment of protracted diarrhea. PMID- 3148874 TI - Immunoglobulin therapy in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and recurrent infections. PMID- 3148877 TI - Using treatment plans for quality assurance monitoring in a residential center. AB - Treatment plans for children in residential centers are required for accreditation and reimbursement, and they can provide important insights to the quality of care. One residential center has developed a system for reviewing treatment plans as part of its quality assurance (QA) monitoring. QA staff use checklists to review plans to assure that they are complete and technically correct and to evaluate the quality and appropriateness of care as revealed in the treatment strategy. PMID- 3148875 TI - [Multiple neurofibromatosis. Report of two cases]. PMID- 3148876 TI - Affinity of drugs for dopa-auto-oxidation melanin and tyrosinase-catalyzed dopa melanin in vitro. AB - We examined spectrophotometrically the ability of drugs to bind with dopa-auto oxidation melanin or tyrosinase-catalyzed dopa-melanin. Each drug, at 5 X 10(-5) M, was incubated at 37 degrees C for 8 h with 0.4 mg of synthetic melanins in 20 mM potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 or in 20 mM acetate buffer at pH 4.8. Chloroquine, thioridazine, befunolol, pindolol, daunomycin and 5-fluorouracil bound to melanin at pH 7.0 and 4.8. Methotrexate bound to melanin at pH 4.8, but not at pH 7.0. Pilocarpine, epinephrine, acyclovir, vincristine and colchicine did not bind to dopa-auto-oxidation melanin or tyrosinase-catalyzed dopa-melanin. PMID- 3148878 TI - A quality assurance model for multidivision clinical departments. AB - Structuring a workable quality assurance (QA) program for multidivision and multispecialty clinical departments presents a considerable challenge. The Medical Center of the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) found that QA activities in such departments were best handled by a committee of department physicians assisted by a QA staff person. This article provides examples of how two departments at the UCSF medical center structured QA committees to fit their departments' individual needs and explains how these committees fit in the medical center's overall QA program. PMID- 3148880 TI - Patient satisfaction with mental health services. PMID- 3148879 TI - A client-centered case management model. AB - In a client-centered case management model, the case manager's personal relationships with the client and caregiver help the case manager to effectively assess the client's needs, coordinate needed care, and monitor services provided. At Connecticut Community Care, Inc (CCCI), case management is a six-step process that includes referral, assessment, care planning, service coordination, monitoring, and documentation. The program is particularly notable for its use of a structured, comprehensive assessment tool and a case management team consisting of a nurse and a social service professional. PMID- 3148881 TI - Voluntary review of obstetric and gynecologic services. PMID- 3148882 TI - Histochemical properties of osteoclasts and reactive multinucleated giant cells. PMID- 3148883 TI - Repair of severed peripheral nerve: a superior anatomic and functional recovery with a new "reconnection" technique. AB - The objective of this study was to use a quantitative functional and anatomic model to compare surgical repair of the rat sciatic nerve according to two techniques; standard epineurial repair and the recently reported "nerve reconnection technique" ("freeze-trim technique"). Functional recovery was evaluated using a functional index based on the measurements of the rats' footprints. Neuroanatomic experiments were conducted on the same animals to correlate functional recovery with regeneration of known motoneuron populations. The results of surgical repairs were also compared to those obtained from untreated sciatic nerve crush injuries. Functional recovery after epineurial repairs typically averaged 18%, whereas the mean recovery from the "nerve reconnection technique" was 71%. Crush injuries recovered to normal and reached a plateau much earlier than the surgical repairs. Retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeling of motoneurons of the common peroneal nerve, a branch of the sciatic, revealed that there was a complex relationship between functional recovery and the number and distribution of motoneurons that regenerated axons distal to the repair site. The "nerve reconnection technique" greatly reduced the probability of axonal misdirection into the wrong distal branches at the repair site and brought an improvement of 300% to 400% in functional recovery over that found with epineurial repair. This technique of nerve repair may prove to be a valuable tool in reconstructive surgery. PMID- 3148884 TI - Obstructive sleep apnea, continuous positive airway pressure, and surgery. AB - Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who have undergone upper airway surgery could be expected to improve if surgery alleviated some or all of the anatomic obstructions, or continue to desaturate at preoperative levels if the surgery was not corrective. Factors such as morbid obesity, general anesthesia recovery, and operative edema can potentially cause desaturations below preoperative levels. Because of this risk, patients with severe OSA have been considered for protective tracheostomy. The findings of our study suggest that selected patients who would have been past candidates for protective tracheostomy while undergoing surgery for severe OSA can, as an alternative, be considered for immediate postoperative use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Ten surgical patients with severe OSA who elected surgical treatment were successfully treated with CPAP immediately after extubation and postoperatively to assist with airway patency and hemoglobin saturation. Postoperative followup included monitoring of continuous pulse oximetry, cardiac activity, and intermittent arterial blood gases. Preoperatively, all ten patients had marked decrease in oxygen desaturation levels during sleep, with a mean nadir oxygen saturation (SaO2) to 51.5%. After surgery, all patients in this group maintained SaO2 levels to no lower than 90%, with a mean SaO2 level of 93% while using CPAP on room air (F10(2) 21%) only. PMID- 3148885 TI - Is chronic gastroesophageal reflux a causative factor in glottic carcinoma? AB - Several forms of laryngeal dysfunction and pathology can be attributed to the effects of chronic gastric reflux through direct acid irritation, from a reflex alteration in voluntary muscle tone or referred sensation. It is widely accepted that contact ulcers and granulomata over the arytenoid are associated with gastric reflux, but there have not been well-documented cases of glottic carcinoma that are reflux-related. This article presents six cases of glottic carcinoma, all with T1 lesions of the anterior two-thirds of the vocal cord. All of these patients are lifetime nonsmokers, and all had no other ailments other than moderately severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux. Clinical details from the study of these patients gives strong indication that the reflux may have been a factor in the development of the disease. In addition, review of 21 lifetime nonsmokers with glottic carcinoma presenting over a 10-year period at the Cancer Control Agency of British Columbia revealed that 48% had probably experienced reflux, compared to 16% in a group that had stopped smoking 10 or more years earlier. While this small number of cases cannot be said to prove the etiologic relationship between reflux and glottic carcinoma, it is important for the otolaryngologic community to be aware of the possible clinical relationship. PMID- 3148886 TI - Mechanical properties of septal cartilage homografts. AB - The compressive mechanical properties of untreated and chemically and physically treated nasal septum homografts were determined. Mechanical properties of control, saline-, thimerosal (Merthiolate)- and Alcide-treated specimens were similar. At high strains, the stiffness of treated cartilage ranged from 12.8 to 22.5 MPa and was unaffected by storage time. In comparison, irradiated and freeze dried nasal septum exhibited stiffnesses of 35 and 37.5 MPa, respectively, after approximately 1 month of storage. These values of stiffness were significantly different from controls at a 0.95 confidence level. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that Alcide and Merthiolate treatment did not alter the compressive mechanical properties of cartilage and that a combination of these treatments may adequately sterilize and preserve nasal septum homografts. PMID- 3148887 TI - Chronic perilymphatic fistula: experimental model in the guinea pig. AB - Chronic perilymphatic fistulas were created in guinea pig cochleas using silicone rubber tubing placed into the scala tympani through the round window. Fistula patency was determined by fluorescein perfusion into cerebral spinal fluid. Fistula were found to be patent in 6 of 6 animals at 7 days and 8 of 13 animals at 28 days. Analysis of ABRs revealed threshold increases of 10 to 15 dB across all frequencies at 1 hour and 7 days. However, thresholds returned to pre-fistula levels by 28 days. Animals with acute fistulas (simple laceration of the round window) had similar threshold increases at 1 hour; however, recovery to baseline levels occurred by day 7. Control animals with intact round windows did not have threshold shifts. Scanning electron microscopy revealed hair cell loss localized to the apical and basal turns of the cochlea. The morphologic changes observed occurred acutely (within 7 days) and were not progressive, despite the presence of a fistula. Hair cell loss or degeneration did not correlate with hearing loss. PMID- 3148888 TI - Human skull vibratory patterns in audiometric and supersonic ranges. AB - The attenuation of bone-conducted stimuli across the human skull was determined in audiometric, ultrasonic, and supersonic frequency ranges (250 to 64,000 Hz). An increase in attenuation with an increase in frequency, as well as significant resonance effects, was observed. For the audiometric frequency range, bone conduction stimulation of one side of the head results in almost equal stimulation of the other side. In the ultrasonic and supersonic ranges, the contralateral side is progressively isolated. PMID- 3148889 TI - Complications of translabyrinthine vs. suboccipital approach for acoustic tumor surgery. AB - This study presents the operative results of surgeons with experience in both the translabyrinthine and suboccipital approaches to acoustic tumor removal for the purpose of resolving some of the controversy among centers favoring one approach over the other. The subjects were 171 patients with acoustic tumors who were treated at Virginia Mason Clinic from 1975 to 1986. The translabyrinthine approach was used in 64% of cases, the suboccipital approach in 35%, and the middle fossa approach in 1%. There were minor differences in morbidity and mortality between approaches. These data did not favor one approach over another. In an exploratory analysis, we found that the morbidity with a planned two-stage translabyrinthine-suboccipital removal was greater than the morbidity with a one stage removal. PMID- 3148890 TI - VIP potentiates cholinergic effects on the mucociliary system in the maxillary sinus. AB - The neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), which is found in a population of cholinergic parasympathetic neurons in the airways, has no effects per se on mucociliary activity. In order to test the hypothesis that VIP may modulate cholinergic regulation of the mucociliary system, VIP was infused intraarterially (8.4 pmol/kg/min), and the response to challenges with methacholine in the maxillary sinus of rabbits were recorded with a photoelectric technique. Occurrence of VIP-like immunoreactivity in the rabbit maxillary sinus, maxillary nerve, and sphenopalatine ganglion was investigated. Immunoreactivity against VIP was found in nerve fibers in the subepithelial layer of the maxillary sinus and in numerous nerve cell bodies in the sphenopalatine ganglion. Infusion of VIP potentiated the mucociliary increase induced by methacholine. The mucociliary wave frequency change increased from 6.1% +/- 1.7% to 13.3% +/- 3.9% (0.01 micrograms/kg methacholine), from 11.6% +/- 3.6% to 18.8% +/- 2.2% (0.05 micrograms/kg) and from 17.0% +/- 3.0% to 27.4% +/- 3.6% (0.1 micrograms/kg). Both peak responses and response durations increased during infusions. In contrast, the vasodilating agent papaverine sulphate did not influence the mucociliary response to methacholine. The modulating effect of VIP on the mucociliary system, taken together with the morphologic observations, suggest that VIP may have a physiologic role in the regulation of the mucociliary system in the maxillary sinus. PMID- 3148892 TI - Cryptococcal sinusitis: a case report and review of literature. PMID- 3148891 TI - Perilymphatic hypertension. AB - A syndrome termed perilymphatic hypertension is described as being seen in a small subset of patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. A patent or semipatent cochlear aqueduct or modiolus are considered precursors to this condition. Perilymphatic hypertension is believed to predispose to perilymphatic fistula, which may be part of the process of resolution. The pathogenesis for perilymphatic hypertension and fistula are hypothesized and discussed. Treatment for this subset of patients consisted of paracentesis of the round window membrane followed by grafting, with improvement of hearing in certain patients. In no instance did hearing subsequently decrease. PMID- 3148893 TI - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the maxillary sinus. PMID- 3148894 TI - So-called hairy polyp resembling an auricle. PMID- 3148895 TI - Tracheostomal reconstruction with the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. PMID- 3148896 TI - Analysis does not support claimed effectiveness of collagen injection procedure. PMID- 3148897 TI - Treatment of infantile spasms with valproic acid. PMID- 3148898 TI - Interactions within a collection of eight bacterial strains isolated from a monkey dental root canal. PMID- 3148899 TI - Management of infections in the neutropenic child with cancer. AB - The last two decades have witnessed significant improvements in the management of infectious complications in the neutropenic child with cancer. Protected environments and the use of white blood cell transfusions have been found to have a limited clinical role. The development of new classes of pencillins, the monobactam aztreonam, and the third generation cephalosporins have expanded the therapeutic armamentarium available for treating gram-negative infections including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The re-emergence of gram-positive organisms as common pathogens in these patients has prompted the reintroduction of vancomycin into general clinical use. Increased incidence of gram-positive infections also led to the development of agents containing the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid. Attempts at prevention of bacterial infections in the neutropenic patient have been partially successful. Recent studies in adults suggest that the quinolone group of antibiotics may be the ideal agents for this purpose. Finally, the availability of recombinant human hematopoietic colony stimulating factors may represent a significant advance in efforts to prevent infections. Early studies in animals and in humans suggest that these cell growth factors are effective in correcting neutropenia. PMID- 3148900 TI - Recruitment of intercostal muscle activity during hypercapnia in kittens. AB - Little is known about the respiratory behavior of the intercostal muscles within a neonatal and developmental context. We, therefore, examined intercostal muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity in kittens (1 month old, n = 8; 2 months old, n = 7) during eupnea and heightened respiratory drive induced by hypercapnia. The kittens were anesthetized with halothane (1.25-1.50%) at comparable minimum alveolar concentrations and were studied in the prone position during an acute exposure to hyperoxic hypercapnia (8% CO2, 50% O2, balance N2) for 7 min. We recorded EMG activities from bipolar electrodes embedded in the intercostal (dorsolateral thorax, 4th-5th interspace) (EMGic) and costal diaphragm (EMGdi) muscles. Peak moving time average EMG measurements served as our index of muscle activity. Phasic inspiratory EMGic activity was present during eupnea in all animals. EMGic and EMGdi increased significantly above baseline levels during hypercapnic exposure with the increase in EMGic (133 +/- 27%) being comparable to that observed in EMGdi (141 +/- 28%) (P = 0.40). No differences in EMGic (P = 0.64) or EMGdi (P = 0.88) recruitment were noted between age groups. These data indicate that hypercapnia augments intercostal muscle EMG activity in kittens and suggest that such activity parallels costal diaphragmatic EMG recruitment. We conclude that EMGic recruitment is a frequent respiratory phenomenon associated with hypercapnically stimulated diaphragmatic muscle activity in kittens. We speculate that intercostal muscle recruitment stabilizes the compliant chest wall of the newborn and helps sustain inspiratory force generation during stimulated breathing. PMID- 3148901 TI - Pre-treatment with terfenadine. PMID- 3148902 TI - [Principles of parenteral feeding of infants]. PMID- 3148903 TI - [Cost-effectiveness analysis of the mass screening of lung cancer]. PMID- 3148904 TI - Time, concentration, and pH parameters for the use of glutaraldehyde as a pulpotomy agent: an in vitro study. PMID- 3148906 TI - The oxidation of glutaraldehyde by rat tissues. PMID- 3148905 TI - Comparison of the cytotoxicity of formocresol, formaldehyde, cresol, and glutaraldehyde using human pulp fibroblast cultures. PMID- 3148907 TI - Activated prothrombin complex concentrates in the management of the hemophiliac with Factor VIII inhibitor: case report. PMID- 3148908 TI - Preliminary evaluation of the impact of the Chernobyl radiological contamination on the frequency of central nervous system malformations in 18 regions of Europe. The EUROCAT Working Group. AB - The teratological impact of radiological contamination from the Chernobyl accident was evaluated in relation to central nervous system and eye defects in 18 regional registries in nine countries of Western Europe. Six classes of anomaly were analysed: neural tube defects, arhinencephaly, microcephaly and brain reduction, hydrocephaly, anophthalmos and microphthalmos, and congenital cataract. Conceptions up to 31 August 1986 were grouped into two exposure cohorts. In cohort A the sensitive period of fetal development to radiation fell wholly or partly between 1 May and 30 June 1986. Cohort B included all cases exposed during their sensitive period on or after 1 May 1986. Observed frequencies of the six classes of anomaly in the exposed cohorts were compared with expected frequencies calculated from baseline rates for the period 1980 1985. The only significant increase was neural tube defects in Odense, Denmark (four cases observed in cohort A where 0.9 were expected). The results of the study do not show a general increase in the frequency of malformations in the countries of Western Europe. The evidence presented indicates that, in the regions studied, termination of pregnancies or invasive prenatal diagnostic examinations were not justified for women exposed during pregnancy. PMID- 3148909 TI - [IgM paraproteinemia in laboratory diagnosis. Lymphoma demonstrating IgM paraproteinemia]. PMID- 3148911 TI - Secretion of inhibin by chicken granulosa cells in vitro. AB - Inhibin activity was investigated using chicken granulosa cell culture medium. Chicken granulosa cells were collected individually from the largest follicle (F1 follicle) and the third largest follicle (F3 follicle) of the ovary, dispersed using enzyme and incubated in a suspension method or cultured in a monolayer method in vitro. Culture medium was assessed for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) inhibiting (inhibin) activity using the rat anterior pituitary cell culture method. The FSH secretion from cultured rat pituitary cells was suppressed by experimental increasing of the amounts of granulosa cell culture medium in a dose dependent manner, though luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion was not affected in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibin activity of the granulosa cell culture medium derived from F1 follicles was higher than that from F3 follicles. These results suggest that chicken granulosa cells secrete inhibin-like substance(s) and that the F1 follicle may secrete a larger amount of inhibin than the F3 follicle. PMID- 3148910 TI - Inhibition by antiepileptics of carbachol but not lithium- or 5-methoxytryptamine induced wet dog shakes in rats. AB - The influence of antiepileptic drugs on the wet dog shakes (WDS) induced by intracerebroventricular injections of carbachol (30 micrograms icv) was investigated in rats. Diphenylhydantoin (DPH, 8 and 4 mg/kg), diazepam (0.4, 0.2 and 0.1 mg/kg), phenobarbital (12.5, 6.25 and 3.12 mg/kg), sodium valproate (Depakine, 200, 100 and 50 mg/kg) and trimethadione (200, 100 and 50 mg/kg) given ip inhibited the WDS in a dose-dependent manner. These drugs at the same doses did not change the intensity of shaking behavior induced by lithium chloride or 5 hydroxytryptamine. As the antiepileptic drugs tested in these experiments did not have anticholinergic activity and at used doses were not able to prevent electrical convulsions or pentetrazol-induced seizures, it appears that carbachol induced WDS could be connected with convulsive activity and could be the initial stage of seizures. PMID- 3148912 TI - The effect of furosemide on vascular smooth muscle is influenced by plasma protein. AB - The effect of furosemide on vascular smooth muscle was studied on segments of rabbit blood vessels. Furosemide (20 micrograms/ml) induced small (3-4%) decreases in resting tension whereas nitroglycerin (0.5 micrograms/ml) induced decreases from 8 to 13%. The addition of albumin (45 g/l) abolished the furosemide response whereas the nitroglycerin response was unaffected. Similarly the pronounced effect of nitroglycerin on electrically evoked contractions was unaffected by the presence of albumin whereas the furosemide effect was weakened by albumin. The biologically determined free fraction of furosemide increased with increasing drug concentrations from 13% at 16 micrograms/ml to 35% at 256 micrograms/ml. PMID- 3148913 TI - Effects of TCDD and its congeners 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazoxybenzene and 3,3',4,4' tetrachlorobiphenyl on lymphoid development in the thymus of avian embryos. AB - Thymus anlagen from 11-day-old chick and 14-day-old turkey and duck embryos were cultured in media containing 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) for 5 days. The maximal TCDD-induced decrease in lymphoid cell number of chick embryo thymus (to about 60% of the control number) occurred at concentrations of 10(-10) M and above. To produce the same effect on lymphoid cell number in the cultures of thymus anlagen from turkey and duck embryos, about a 100-fold higher concentration of TCDD was needed. The toxicity of the TCDD congeners 3,3'4,4' tetrachloroazoxybenzene (TCAOB) and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) to embryonic chicken thymus was tested in vitro and in ovo. In chick embryo thymus cultures, TCAOB and TCB were about two orders of magnitude less toxic than TCDD. Injection of TCAOB and TCB into chicken eggs preincubated for 11 days resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in thymic lymphoid cell number 5 days later, declining to about 14% of the controls at 10 micrograms TCAOB/kg egg. The ED50 value was estimated to be 3.6 and 60 micrograms/kg egg for TCAOB and TCB, respectively. PMID- 3148914 TI - Glucuronidation of morphine in human kidney microsomes. AB - The UDP-glucuronyltransferase (GT) activity with morphine as substrate was measured in microsomes prepared from seven human adult kidneys including one whose cortex and medulla had been separated. The formation of morphine-3- and 6 glucuronides (M3G and M6G) was determined by HPLC methods. All kidney specimen formed M3G and M6G when incubated with morphine and UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA). The estimated Vmax and Km of morphine to form M3G and M6G were 2.2 and 0.18 nmol per mg protein and min. and 8.2 and 4.6 mM, respectively. The corresponding values for UDPGA were 1.3 and 0.13 nmol per mg protein and min. and 5.4 and 4.1 mM, respectively. The GT activity in cortex was 2.8-fold higher than in the medulla. The human kidney thus contains glucuronyltransferase activities towards morphine, which is in contrast to previous findings in the rat. PMID- 3148915 TI - Distribution of 14C-ochratoxin A in the mouse monitored by whole-body autoradiography. AB - The tissue distribution of 14C-labeled ochratoxin A was studied in mouse using whole-body autoradiography. The distribution was followed for 18 days after one single intravenous injection of 5 microCi/animal, corresponding to 160-230 ng toxin/g body weight. Very long persistence of 14C-ochratoxin A in the circulation was noticed and the toxin was detected in the blood even after 18 days when the experiment was finished. The radioactivity in the kidney was unequally distributed with a slightly higher concentration in the inner cortical and medullary parts. This was seen from 24 hrs and on after injection. Very high concentrations of radioactivity were found in the bile of treated animals. The radioactivity extracted from several sections was chemically characterized with thin-layer chromatography and was found to represent 14C-ochratoxin A. PMID- 3148916 TI - Median effect and long term recovery analysis of biological modifier interactions with difluoromethylornithine on the proliferation of human melanoma cells. AB - The ability of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific polyamine synthesis inhibitor, to interact with various biological modifiers to inhibit the colony forming growth of human melanoma cells was determined by using the median effect principle to computer model the strength of two agent interactions. Either alpha- or gamma-IFN (interferon) in combination with DFMO resulted in a synergistic inhibition on human melanoma colony formation. For human melanoma cells which were not resistant to 13-cis RA (retinoic acid), an additive suppression on colony formation was obtained with the retinoid-DFMO combination. Dexamethasone (DEX) interacted with DFMO to yield a synergistic reduction in melanoma colony number on glucocorticoid sensitive cells and no growth enhancement with DFMO on glucocorticoid resistant melanoma lines. Human melanoma cells displayed differential long-term growth sensitivity to DFMO treatment. C8146C human melanoma cells were terminally growth-inhibited by a 96 h exposure to DFMO, in a manner which was concentration and time dependent. The proliferation of C82-7A melanoma cells was inhibited by 95% in presence of DFMO, but upon removal of DFMO the cells regained their ability to proliferate and form colonies. The simultaneous addition of DEX plus alpha-IFN plus 13-cis-RA with DFMO caused most of the human melanoma cells in these lines to become permanently growth arrested. Pre-treatment with DEX plus alpha-IFN plus 13-cis RA, but without DFMO, did not have any long term effect on the ability of melanoma cells to recover and proliferate in soft agar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3148917 TI - Biosynthesis and function of melanins in hepatic pigmentary system. AB - In this report we show the most important results obtained from our study of the pigment liver cells of Amphibia and Reptilia. Contrary to the cutaneous pigment cells that derive from the neural crest, the liver pigment cells, instead, derive from the Kupffer cells: this can be seen from the results obtained from labelled precursor incorporation experiments, not only in vivo but also in vitro, using surviving liver slices or isolated melanosomes. Chemical analysis of both liver and cutaneous melanosomes reveal a great difference in their chemical composition, and this is in agreement with the different origins of these cells. We therefore propose that: liver pigment cells of Amphibia and Reptilia should be classified as "Extra Cutaneous Pigment Cells from Histocytic Origin". As regards the function of melanins, we show that O2 is trapped by these substances. Moreover, in my laboratory we have shown in several animal species, that the superoxide dismutase activity is inversely proportional to the quantity of melanin present; thus, we think that melanin could mime SOD activity. PMID- 3148919 TI - Tyrosinase protein is expressed also in some neural crest derived cells which are not melanocytes. AB - Some neural crest cells give rise to pigment cells in early ontogenesis. We tested here whether tyrosinase--a key enzyme in melanogenesis--was present in some pigment neural crest derivatives in adult hamsters. Interestingly enough, inactive tyrosinase protein was detected, using indirect immunofluorescence, in the satellite cells of spinal ganglia and Schwann cells of sciatic and facial nerves in normal adult animals. The results of cell blotting from spinal ganglia were similar to the fluorescence findings. Thus, our results seem to support the hypothesis that Schwann cells, satellite cells of spinal ganglia, and melanocytes may be more intimately related developmentally than other neural-crest-derived cells. Moreover, since we detected tyrosinase protein in cells which normally do not produce melanosomes, it could be deduced that, during the melanocyte's differentiation from its cell precursor, the expression of tyrosinase protein might precede the point when melanosomes begin to differentiate from known cytoplasmic structures. PMID- 3148920 TI - Induction of melanogenesis suppression: cellular pharmacology and mode of differential action. AB - Recent elucidation of regulatory mechanisms of eu- and pheomelanogenesis has led us towards an exciting new era of melanogenesis control. I will chiefly address our progress on inhibitory control of melanogenesis from the macromolecular level to human skin colour. In the past, the exploration and search for skin depigmenting agents has been focussed on and initiated from substances which can suppress isolated tyrosinase in vitro. Now, as I have classified below, many new melanogenic inhibitors have been discovered which, in spite of their non suppressive effect on isolated naked tyrosinase, suppress melanin formation in the living pigment cell in vitro as well as in the natural world. I will also discuss a recently found unique disorder: unilateral suppression of mixed melanogenesis. PMID- 3148918 TI - Ocular pathology in the minimally depigmented subline of the vitiliginous Smyth chicken. AB - Choroidal melanocytes and the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) were studied morphologically and histochemically in the Smyth chicken, an avian model for human vitiligo. The sequence of cytological events occurring in the ocular tissue of minimally depigmented Smyth birds was determined. Abnormalities of melanocytes and the associated inflammation was least severe in peripheral areas of the choroid and most pronounced in the back of the eye at the base of the optic nerve head. In the peripheral choroid, morphologically normal melanocytes and an occasional mononuclear leukocyte were observed. However, some of these morphologically normal melanocytes histochemically demonstrated atypical tyrosinase activity at the trans area of the Golgi apparatus. Toward the back of the eye, the melanocytes first appeared swollen and had retracting dendrites. Ultrastructurally these melanocytes demonstrated an increase in extramelanosomal cytoplasm. Later, melanocytes became spherical and had membrane bound, autophagosome-like compartments of pigment granules. As the melanocyte injury progressed, macrophages invaded the tissue and phagocytized melanocytic dendrites. These were followed by numerous plasma cells. Eventually, the back of the eye contained no pigment and was infiltrated with numerous mononuclear inflammatory cells. The retinal pigment epithelium also demonstrated a gradient in the degree of destruction, related to its topography. These cytological features consisted of the retraction of apical RPE processes, the disappearance of the basal plasma membrane infoldings, and the replacement of Bruch's membrane by collagen-like fibrils. These results demonstrate that the uveitis which develops in vitiligo appears to be a consequence of an inherent choroidal melanocyte defect. PMID- 3148921 TI - Initial mushroom tyrosinase-catalysed oxidation product of 4-hydroxyanisole is 4 methoxy-ortho-benzoquinone. AB - Evidence is presented that the first and major product of the oxidation of 4 hydroxyanisole (4HA) by tyrosinase is 4-methoxy ortho benzoquinone (4-MOB). 4-MOB was synthesized by oxidation of 4HA by potassium nitrodisulphonate and comparisons made between the synthetic quinone and an extract of a reaction mixture in which 4HA had been completely oxidized by mushroom tyrosinase. The chemical species were found to be identical in UV/visible absorption spectrum, 1H NMR spectrum, and by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 3148922 TI - Major primary cytotoxic product of 4-hydroxyanisole oxidation by mushroom tyrosinase is 4-methoxy ortho benzoquinone. AB - It has been shown previously that the initial product of mushroom tyrosinase catalysed oxidation of the monophenol 4-hydroxyanisole (4HA) is 4-methoxy ortho benzoquinone (4-MOB). This study presents evidence that 4-MOB is primarily responsible for the cytotoxicity of 4HA oxidation products in vitro. Equivalent toxicity in a model system was produced by products of tyrosinase catalysed oxidation of 4HA and by synthetic 4-MOB. Cytotoxicity was estimated both by a blebbing assay and by plating efficiency of exposed cells. HPLC analysis of the reaction mixture revealed a positive correlation between cytotoxicity and 4-MOB concentration. PMID- 3148923 TI - Selective cytotoxicity of hydroquinone for melanocyte-derived cells is mediated by tyrosinase activity but independent of melanin content. AB - In previous studies we have shown melanotic melanomas to be exquisitely more sensitive to hydroquinone (HQ) inhibition than non-melanotic cell lines in vitro. Indeed, incorporation of [H3] Urd and [H3] Thd have been shown to be respectively 80 and 35 times more sensitive to HQ inhibition. The difference between the cell lines studied was their derivation, marked by their different melanin contents. The presence of melanin was proposed as a possible explanation of the differences. However, comparative experiments reported here demonstrate that amelanotic melanoma cell lines are equally susceptible to HQ inhibition. Thus, the action of HQ is apparently independent of the melanin content of the cell. Significantly, the tyrosinase levels in the melanomas and the amelanomas were found to be comparable and markedly different from that in the non-melanoma control cell lines. Thus, the results reported here support the hypothesis put forward by other workers that hydroquinone melanotoxicity is independent of cellular melanin content but requires the presence of active tyrosinase. PMID- 3148924 TI - Evaluation of different procedures for the dissociation of retinal pigmented epithelium into single viable cells. AB - Retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) from 7-day-old chicken embryos (stages 29 to 31) was isolated and dissociated into single cells using different procedures. The results were assessed in two ways. (1) The yield of single RPE cells per embryo was determined, and their ability to form pigmented colonies in clonal culture was tested. The most efficient and gentle procedure included isolation of the RPE in EDTA solution, trypsinization at low temperature and low enzyme concentration in the presence of EDTA, followed by incubation in culture medium for up to 4 hr. The completely dissociated cells thus obtained had a much higher plating efficiency and more uniform pattern of colony growth and differentiation than those obtained under any other conditions tested. (2) The effects of different treatments on cell junctions and morphological integrity of the cells were determined by transmission electron microscopy. EDTA solution yielded excellent separation of the epithelial sheet from the mesenchyme by dissociating it from Bruch's membrane, but had little effect on the junctions between adjacent RPE cells. Trypsinization of the epithelium under various conditions separated the basal lateral cell borders and caused loss of gap junctions, but left many cells still joined by apical tight junctions. Final disruption of the tight junctions occurred during recovery of the trypsinized cells in culture medium and was accompanied by dedifferentiation of the RPE cells. PMID- 3148925 TI - Nutritional evaluation of some commercial wheat varieties grown in Pakistan. AB - The nutritive value of some commercial wheat varieties grown in Pakistan was measured chemically, including amino acid analysis, and biologically in N-balance experiments with growing rats. The protein content ranged from 13.2% in Punjab-83 to 16% in Barani-83. Lysine per 100 g protein varied between 2.46 and 2.75%. The available carbohydrate ranged from 67.3 to 74.7%. Iron content was highest in Sonalika while the concentration of zinc and manganese was highest in Sarhad-82. The protein digestibility (TD), biological value (BV) and net protein utilisation (NPU) varied between 92-95%, 56-68% and 53-65% respectively. Level of wheat protein was negatively correlated with available carbohydrate (r = -0.93), lysine per unit protein (r = -0.67) and BV(r = -0.76). The lysine content (g/16gN) of commercial wheat varieties showed a positive correlation (r = +0.95) with the BV. The protein quality was lowered in varieties having higher content of protein. PMID- 3148926 TI - Amino acid compositions of different protein fractions in developing grains of NP 113 barley and its high lysine Notch-2 mutant. AB - The percent distributions of protein fractions namely albumin + globulin, prolamine and glutelin were studied in developing grains of NP 113 barley and its high lysine mutant Notch-2. During development the percentage of albumin + globulin fraction decreased in NP 113, while those of prolamine and glutelin remained unchanged. The increase in prolamine was substantial from 24 to 31DAA. In Notch-2 the trend followed by albumin + globulin and prolamine was like that in NP 113, while the glutelin fraction showed an increase as compared to 10 DAA. The percent of albumin + globulin was slightly higher in Notch-2 as compared to NP 113. The absolute amount (mg/grain) of all the protein fractions increased during development in both NP 113 and its mutant Notch-2. During the grain development the prolamine content was substantially lower in the mutant than in the parent NP 113. The albumin + globulin content per endosperm was in general also higher in NP 113 than Notch-2. Amino acid analysis of the protein fractions did not reveal significant changes in lysine between NP 113 and Notch-2. Thus, the improvement in lysine in the mutant is primarily due to reduced synthesis of the prolamine fraction and not due to an increase in lysine in the mutant hordein fraction. Part of the improvement in lysine may also be due to increase in the percentage of albumin + globulin fractions which is lysine rich. PMID- 3148927 TI - [Dynamic thyroid function after the surgical treatment of patients with diffuse toxic goiter]. AB - The time course of thyroid function and hypophyseal thyrotropic activity were investigated in 182 patients with diffuse toxic goiter of severe and moderately severe forms of thyrotoxicosis before operation and in short- and long-term periods after operation using radioimmunoassay in a hospital and outpatient clinic. The determination of blood T3, T4 and TSH at the height of clinical manifestations of thyrotoxicosis and before operation was shown to reflect the gravity of disease and could serve as a diagnostic test of the efficacy of preoperative preparation. A T4 concentration index varied at different time after operation. A considerable decrease in blood TSH on the first days after the operation and its rise in the following 6 mos. resulted from the patients' adaptation to new conditions and were of transient nature in the overwhelming majority of the patients. Final assessment of the thyroid and pituitary function was possible only 12 mos. after operation. PMID- 3148928 TI - [Biological activity of surfagon--a synthetic luliberin agonist]. AB - The biological activity of surfagon (D-Ala6-desGly10-Pro9-ethylamide), a synthetic LH-RH agonist, is dozens of times higher than that of LH-RH in the test of rat hypophyseal stimulation of gonadotropin secretion in vivo and in vitro and in the ovulation induction test. A dose of surfagon required for the stimulation of LH secretion was considerably lower than that for the stimulation of FSH secretion. It may permit the use of surfagon in clinical practice for selective stimulation of secretion either of LH or total gonadotropins--LH and FSH. PMID- 3148929 TI - Besnoitia besnoiti: studies on the definitive host and experimental infections in cattle. AB - Domestic cats, 11 other species of carnivorous mammals, 6 species of snakes, and white-backed vultures were tested for their possible role as definitive hosts of Benoitia besnoiti by feeding with cystic material from chronically infected bovines. None of the species tested is a definitive host; hence, the life cycle of this parasite remains obscure. In attempts to produce clinical cases of besnoitiosis by experimental infection, bovines were inoculated IV, SC, and IP with cystozoites or tachyzoites. Immunosuppression of the animals was essential for the development of severe cases and skin lesions; cystozoites proved to be more pathogenic than tachyzoites. PMID- 3148930 TI - Histochemical study of Sarcocystis sp. intramuscular cysts in gastrocnemius and soleus of the cat. AB - Histochemical investigations of Sarcocystis microcysts found in two hindleg muscles of cats were carried out. Genus identification was based on the reinforced cyst membrane structure and its dimensions, the structure of the sarcocysts, and an electron microscopic survey of bradyzoite characteristics. The cyst membrane is partly contributed by the host myofiber, the characteristic histochemical features of which it retains. Materials adjacent to the limiting membrane make it appear thicker than it actually is, particularly when the PAS method as well as techniques for the demonstration of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and ATPase activities are used. The ground substance occupying the parasitophorous vacuole is not amorphous and metabolically inert, but rather displays a fairly strong and definite ATPase activity, suggesting a trophic role in the support of metrocytes and zoites embedded therein. Cysts tend to adapt their biochemical characteristics to the particular metabolism of the muscle fibers in which they are located. All of these findings are discussed in terms of host-parasite relationships. PMID- 3148931 TI - Influence of Blastocrithidia triatomae (Trypanosomatidae) on the reduviid bug Triatoma infestans: alterations in the Malpighian tubules. AB - To investigate the cellular basis of our recent observation that the trypanosome Blastocrithidia triatomae disturbs excretion in Triatoma infestans, we compared the morphology and ultrastructure of Malpighian tubules in infected and noninfected bugs. Tubules of bugs infected 3-4 months before dissection did not show any morphological alterations in either the upper or lower regions. In fifth instars with a long lasting infection (9-10 months) and a correspondingly retarded larval development, the tracheal system supplying the Malpighian tubules was reduced and alterations were conspicuous in the upper region, where the tubules were slightly widened, sometimes having parts with conspicuous swellings. The cells were filled with white concretions and a strong autofluorescence was evident by fluorescence microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated an increase in the number of these concretions, even after short infection periods. In the extremely swollen parts of the tubules there was a reduction in basal cell interdigitations, mitochondria, and microvilli. B. triatomae (but also gram-negative bacteria) occurred only in these swollen parts. PMID- 3148932 TI - Family of G protein alpha chains: amphipathic analysis and predicted structure of functional domains. AB - The G proteins transduce hormonal and other signals into regulation of enzymes such as adenylyl cyclase and retinal cGMP phosphodiesterase. Each G protein contains an alpha subunit that binds and hydrolyzes guanine nucleotides and interacts with beta gamma subunits and specific receptor and effector proteins. Amphipathic and secondary structure analysis of the primary sequences of five different alpha chains (bovine alpha s, alpha t1 and alpha t2, mouse alpha i, and rat alpha o) predicted the secondary structure of a composite alpha chain (alpha avg). The alpha chains contain four short regions of sequence homologous to regions in the GDP binding domain of bacterial elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu). Similarities between the predicted secondary structures of these regions in alpha avg and the known secondary structure of EF-Tu allowed us to construct a three dimensional model of the GDP binding domain of alpha avg. Identification of the GDP binding domain of alpha avg defined three additional domains in the composite polypeptide. The first includes the amino terminal 41 residues of alpha avg, with a predicted amphipathic alpha helical structure; this domain may control binding of the alpha chains to the beta gamma complex. The second domain, containing predicted beta strands and alpha helices, several of which are strongly amphipathic, probably contains sequences responsible for interaction of alpha chains with effector enzymes. The predicted structure of the third domain, containing the carboxy terminal 100 amino acids, is predominantly beta sheet with an amphipathic alpha helix at the carboxy terminus. We propose that this domain is responsible for receptor binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3148933 TI - Enzymatic amidation of recombinant (Leu27) growth hormone releasing hormone Gly45. AB - By chemoenzymatic synthesis the gene for a (Leu27) analogue of human growth hormone releasing hormone-Gly45 [(Leu27)GHRH-Gly45] was constructed, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with beta-galactosidase under the control of the lac promoter and operator. Upon induction with isopropyl-D thio-beta-galactopyranoside the fusion protein accumulated to a yield of 15-20% of the total cellular protein. After cyanogen bromide cleavage of the fusion protein the precursor peptide (Leu27)hGHRH-Gly45 was separated by extraction and purified by ion exchange and h.p.l.c.-RP18 chromatography. The purified peptide was analysed by sequencing, isoelectric focusing, amino acid analysis and amino acid analysis after V8 protease digestion. The carboxy-terminal glycine was subsequently amidated by PAM (peptidylglycine-alpha-amidating-monooxygenase), an enzyme which was isolated and characterized from fresh bovine pituitaries. Correct amidation of the penultimate amino acid, leucine, was verified by peptide sequencing with an authentic leucine amide reference. PMID- 3148934 TI - A model for the tertiary structure of the 28 residue DNA-binding motif ('zinc finger') common to many eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins. AB - Many eukaryotic transcriptional activator proteins, including the Xenopus 5S RNA gene activator protein TFIIIA and the HeLa cell protein Sp1, have an approximately 30 amino acid repeating motif which binds to short, specific DNA sequences. Over 150 of these sequences are now known. Based on the observed distribution of amino acid residues, a series of constraints and predictions can be proposed for the structure of the motif. A compatible three-dimensional structural model has been developed by a combination of interactive model building and refinement by molecular dynamics. The model structure consists of a two-stranded beta-hairpin stabilizing a C-terminal alpha-helix by both zinc ligands and hydrophobic interactions. Four of the residue positions on the helix N-terminus and exposed face are predicted to provide base specific ligands. Further implications of the model for DNA binding are discussed. PMID- 3148935 TI - Molecular mechanisms in the hormonal regulation of plasminogen activator activity in ovarian granulosa cells and cumulus-oocyte complexes. PMID- 3148936 TI - Regulation of sperm function by guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins). PMID- 3148937 TI - Streptococcus faecalis susceptibility to amiloride depends on medium pH. AB - Amiloride is one of the major molecular probes in basic and applied investigations on the physiology of cation transport in animal cells. In these cells the drug also exerts growth inhibitory activity. Recently, we discovered that amiloride causes growth inhibition also on bacterial cells. In this paper we report that medium pH influences amiloride activity on Streptococcus faecalis. The lowering of external pH causes a drop in the susceptibility of this bacterium to amiloride up to an almost complete resistance. This finding, constitutes a novel aspect of the in vitro experimental pharmacology of this diuretic potentially useful also in clinical pharmacology and in animal cell investigations. PMID- 3148939 TI - Serum and salivary proteins in dysmature infants. AB - Concentrations of immunoglobulins and other plasma proteins were determined by radial immunodiffusion in the blood sera and saliva of 16 dysmature (small-for dates) and of 16 eutrophic healthy infants with an average age of 4.8 and 4.7 months, respectively. The local synthesis of salivary proteins was calculated with a formula used by Deuschl and Johansson for the estimation of local synthesis of bronchial immunoglobulins. The formula was completed by a correction factor established by the authors, based on their previous investigations. Dysmature children had a significantly lower serum IgG, IgA, albumin, transferrin, coeruloplasmin and beta-lipoprotein level. In the dysmature infants the salivary albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentration was higher than in the normal controls. A local synthesis of IgA, IgG, transferrin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin and haptoglobin was observed in both groups, but the production of these proteins was slightly diminished, while their transudation was more important in the dysmature subjects. The lower level of serum proteins, as well as the lower local synthesis in the salivary glands may be due to the immaturity of the tissues that produce these proteins. The increase of the protein transudation is attributed to a rise of the tissue permeability in the dysmature children which is a late consequence of intrauterine malnutrition. PMID- 3148938 TI - Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis after confinement hypokinesia. AB - Our previous studies dealt with the dynamics of the fluid-coagulant equilibrium in rats after confinement hypokinesia (CHK) for 1, 2 and 3 weeks obtained by placing them in small cages permitting only slight movements for spontaneous feeding. We found an acceleration of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, with a maximal response after 1-2 weeks. In this work attention focussed on the initial more dynamic interval of 1, 3 and 7 days of exposure to CHK. To find certain relations between the central vegetative stimuli and the peripheral responses, experiments were done on normal and adrenalectomized rats and plasma corticosterone, the main glucocorticoid in these species, was measured. CHK accelerated the Quick and the Howell time (QT and HT) and euglobulin lysis time (ELT) progressively, beginning with the first day of exposure. Adrenalectomy as such shortened these parameters, demonstrating an inhibitory action of corticoid hormones in normal conditions. Exposure to CHK of adrenalectomised rats emphasizes these inhibitions. We did not found evident correlations between plasma corticosterone and these processes. The number of thrombocytes had a similar evolution, but in adrenalectomised and CHK rats they increase. PMID- 3148940 TI - Painless myocardial ischemia and atherosclerous valvulopathies--their great statistical prevalence. AB - 3384 patients over 40 years old referred to our Cardiovascular Laboratory for overt cardiovascular complaints were examined by usual non-invasive investigations. Painless myocardial ischemia (PMI) prevalence was 17.49% and degenerative aortic and mitral valvulopathies incidence was 15.60%. PMI predominate in women especially in the group 50-59 years of age in which painful forms of ischemic heart disease have the highest prevalence in men. Although more affected by painless myocardial ischemia, women show a more favourable outcome than men. Ischemic heart disease was frequently associated with isolated mitral regurgitation. In the elderly patients mitral valvulopathy was associated with calcific aortic stenosis. No significant difference was noted between mitral and aortic valvulopathies prevalence. PMID- 3148942 TI - [Hepatotoxic action of furosemide in chronic experimental hepatopathies]. PMID- 3148941 TI - Studies on selenium in top athletes. AB - The authors performed a controlled trial in 18 top athletes (9 weight lifters and 9 rowers, girls) in order to make evident some chronic and acute effects (antioxidant) of selenium. Nonprotein--SH (essential glutathione), lipid peroxides (MDA-malondialdehyde), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases (G-6-PDH) and fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase in serum, have been recorded initially on basal conditions, after 3 weeks of treatment (100 micrograms/day selenium or placebo) and again after 3 weeks of treatment, also on basal conditions, when crossing over the groups (between a free interval of 10 days). In another trial we registered these parameters on basal conditions and after two hours of hard training accompanied by a per oral administration of 150 micrograms selenium (respectively placebo). The results show significant changes under selenium treatment of the peroxides, G-6-PDH and light changes, not significant of the nonprotein--SH, changes which could suggest an antioxidant effect of this element. PMID- 3148943 TI - Digestive reactions to simulated and real space flight. PMID- 3148944 TI - Comments on myocardial metabolism. PMID- 3148945 TI - Locomotor activity registration by passive infrared detection in saddle back tamarins and tree shrews. AB - Locomotor activities of tamarins and tree shrews were monitored using a passive infrared detector (PID) and a small hand-held computer as a recording unit. It is a low-cost system, easy to install and to handle without any disturbing effects on the animals investigated. Recording activity is not limited to specific sites in the cage. A temporal resolution of about two seconds for activity detection will meet most experimental requirements. The method was validated by a comparison of PID-recorded signals with simultaneous behavioral observations using a video-recorder. PID is highly specific, detecting only those movements which involve a change in location. The recording system can be adapted to various experimental conditions or other mammalian species. PMID- 3148946 TI - Use of a versatile lacZ vector to analyze the upstream region of the Bacillus subtilis spoOF gene. AB - We have constructed a versatile vector, pIS112, in which lacZ translational fusions can be made in Escherichia coli and then analyzed in Bacillus subtilis in three contexts, without recloning: in multicopy during propagation of the plasmid, in single copy integrated via a Campbell-type mechanism into the wild type locus of the cloned fragment, or in single copy integrated into a heterologous locus. Upstream regions are reconstituted in the integration into the wild-type locus, but not into the heterologous locus, allowing the identification of upstream regulatory sequences. We have used this vector to analyze the expression of the early sporulation gene, spoOF, which, during early stationary phase, is induced 10-fold from a basal vegetative level. When a region, -50 to -150 bp relative to the transcriptional start site, is removed in the spoOF-lacZ gene, stationary phase induction of beta-galactosidase is lost. The same deletion in the upstream region of the functional spoOF gene results in cells which sporulate very poorly, although they are not blocked at the onset of sporulation, as in an spoOF null mutant. This suggests induction of spoOF expression during the beginning of stationary phase is necessary for wild-type sporulation. PMID- 3148947 TI - Characterization of a plasmid isolated from Branhamella catarrhalis and detection of plasmid sequences within the genome of a B. catarrhalis strain. AB - We isolated a 12.2-kb plasmid from two clinical strains of Branhamella catarrhalis and evaluated its distribution among other B. catarrhalis strains by colony hybridization experiments using the whole plasmid as a probe. Homology was detected with the two plasmid-bearing strains and also with a third B. catarrhalis strain named E7, which is plasmidless. Southern transfer analysis of total digested E7 DNA using the purified plasmid as a probe revealed a single band of hybridization, different from those observed in plasmid-bearing strains, for each restriction enzyme used. The region of the plasmid hybridizing with DNA of strain E7 was located within a 4.5-kb SstI-EcoRV fragment. No homology was noted between our B. catarrhalis plasmid and about 20 other strains of different genera tested by colony hybridization. PMID- 3148949 TI - Child survivors of the holocaust. PMID- 3148948 TI - Use of lacZ expression to monitor transcription. AB - For use in monitoring transcription in operon fusion, we have constructed a lacZ sequence with the initiation codon ATG and the Escherichia coli consensus Shine Dalgarno site. There are unique restriction endonuclease sites flanking the sequence to allow easy isolation of the lacZ sequence with or without the Shine Dalgarno site. We have placed this lacZ sequence behind the bovine growth hormone (BGH) gene and found that the lacZ product beta-galactosidase synthesized reflects the level of BGH-specific mRNA. PMID- 3148950 TI - Child survivors of the Holocaust. PMID- 3148951 TI - Facing war, murder, torture, and death in latency. PMID- 3148952 TI - The experience of Catholicism for Jewish children during World War II. PMID- 3148953 TI - The sense of belonging and altruism in children who survived the Holocaust. PMID- 3148954 TI - Memories from early childhood. PMID- 3148955 TI - Multisensory bridges in response to object loss during the Holocaust. PMID- 3148957 TI - Intergenerational group therapy: child survivors of the Holocaust and offspring of survivors. PMID- 3148956 TI - The diary of an adolescent girl in the ghetto: a study of age-specific reactions to the Holocaust. PMID- 3148958 TI - The analysis of a latency-age survivor of the Holocaust. PMID- 3148960 TI - Alexithymia and somatic conditions in patients with affective illnesses during lithium prophylaxis. AB - The personality trait of alexithymia was assessed in 95 patients (35 male, 60 female) with affective illnesses, receiving lithium prophylactically, by means of Schalling-Sifneos Personality Scale (SSPS). The mean SSPS score was similar to that of the healthy population: only 8 patients had a score below 50 points. No relationship was observed between alexithymia score and age, diagnostic category (bipolar I, bipolar II, unipolar) and the duration of lithium therapy. Lower SSPS scores (i.e. high alexithymia) were found in subgroups of male patients with essential hypertension and female patients with lithium-induced obesity. The results suggest that alexithymic traits have no relationship to the pathogenesis of affective illness but may play some role in somatic symptoms emerging in affective patients on lithium prophylaxis. PMID- 3148959 TI - Anorexia nervosa with elevated serum TSH. AB - Low or normal serum TSH concentration is common during fasting and in patients with anorexia nervosa. We report here four patients with anorexia nervosa who had elevated serum TSH, low T3 and low free T4 levels when the initial diagnosis was made. Also, an appearance of TSH peak in response to TRH was delayed, but T3 responsiveness to TRH was normal. All patients were clinically euthyroid with negative serum thyroid autoantibodies and without goiter. Following weight gain, basal levels of serum T3, free T4, and TSH, as well as TSH responsiveness to TRH, returned almost to normal. The data indicated that these patients with anorexia nervosa before refeeding had either a latent transient primary hypothyroidism or the low T3 syndrome associated with an inappropriately high secretion of TSH, probably a new condition that is related to their pretreatment nutritional state. PMID- 3148962 TI - The effect of selected arachidonic acid metabolites on natural killer cell activity. AB - The effect of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites of lipoxygenase(s) was evaluated on natural killer (NK) cell activity in Fischer F344 rat splenic lymphocytes and compared with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a known inhibitor of NK cell lytic activity. It was observed that 5(S),12(S)-dihydroxy-6,10-trans-8,14-cis eicosatetraenoic acid (5(S),12(S)-diHETE, EZEZ) inhibited NK cell activity to a degree comparable to the inhibitory effects of PGE2. This compound maximally inhibited NK cell activity at concentrations of 10(-6) and 10(-8) M. PGE2 and 5(S),12(S)-diHETE (EZEZ) inhibited NK activity to an identical degree at all concentrations and effector:target (E:T) cell ratios tested. Of the other lipoxygenase pathway metabolites screened, 8(S),15(S)-all trans-diHETE and 8(S),15(S)-diHETE (EZEZ) also inhibited NK activity, but only at 10(-6) M and a 50:1 E:T cell ratio. These findings provide further evidence that the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways produce metabolites which can modulate NK cell function, and that 5(S),12(S)-diHETE (EZEZ), which has not been previously tested for effects on NK cells, may have a significant immunoregulatory role. PMID- 3148961 TI - Ovine fetal response to water deprivation: aspects on the role of vasopressin. AB - The effect of maternal hyperosmolality as created by an acute mannitol infusion was evaluated in eight chronic sheep preparations. Fetal osmotic and haemodynamic responses were compared to those achieved during an arginine vasopressin (AVP) infusion into the fetus (approximately 400 microU/(min kg]. To assess the AVP sensitivity of the fetal kidney the urine osmolality was determined. The activity of adenylate cyclase was measured in placental cotyledons as an indicator of AVP receptors affecting water permeability. The maternal mannitol infusion induced an increase in fetal serum AVP levels from 1.18 +/- 0.25 up to 13.76 +/- 2.11 pg/ml. During the fetal AVP infusion the AVP levels were approximately 22 pg/ml, somewhat higher when given concurrently with a mannitol infusion to the ewe (peak value: 26.13 +/- 2.80 pg/ml). Fetal heart rate increased significantly during maternal hyperosmolality while this effect was blunted by exogenous AVP given to the fetus. The AVP infusion did not affect fetal or maternal serum osmolality. During the mannitol infusion fetal serum osmolality increased to peak values which were not significantly different whether or not AVP was infused into the fetus (from 298.0 +/- 0.85 to 309.0 +/- 0.90, and from 297.7 +/- 1.47 to 307.9 +/ 0.90 mosmol/kg, respectively). Similarly, there were no differences in the effect of mannitol infusion upon fetal urine osmolality with or without AVP infusion (increments: + 149.7 +/- 34.12 and + 148.7 +/- 31.30 mosmol/kg, respectively). Adenylate cyclase activity in the placenta was unchanged before and after AVP stimulation. The data suggest an unresponsiveness of placental water permeability to fetal AVP infusion. We also conclude that a maximal urine osmolality was reached already at AVP levels obtained after an osmotic maternal load whereas at AVP levels more than twice as high the cardiovascular effects were still AVP dose-dependent. PMID- 3148963 TI - Vitamin E fails to alter the aggregation and the oxygenated metabolism of arachidonic acid in normal human platelets. AB - Using low doses of vitamin E, either in vitro or in vivo, we have succeeded in almost doubling plasma and platelet alpha-tocopherol in healthy humans. Despite such an enrichment, platelet aggregation induced by collagen and thromboxane A2 minetic U46619 was not much affected, although that induced by exogenous arachidonic acid was significantly decreased. Similarly, the oxygenation of exogenous arachidonic acid was not modified. When incubated with thrombin some variations in the formation of endogenous cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products could be observed, although rarely significantly. The tendency was a decrease after in vivo enrichment and an increase when enrichment occurred in vivo. Serum oxygenated metabolites of arachidonic acid as well as urinary metabolites of thromboxane and prostacyclin were also not affected after vitamin E supplementation. Since the lipoxygenation of eicosapentaenoic acid was very strongly peroxide-dependent, the effect of alpha-tocopherol enrichment was tested and the 12-hydroperoxide derivative of arachidonic acid was used as a physiological peroxide. No modification could be observed, confirming that vitamin E does not alter the specific peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in normal platelets. We conclude that vitamin E supplementation neither affects arachidonic acid-dependent aggregation nor the oxygenated metabolism of arachidonic acid in normal human platelets. PMID- 3148964 TI - Characterization of the priming effects of human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor on human neutrophil leukotriene synthesis. AB - Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is an in vitro and in vivo stimulator of human bone marrow myelomonocytic precursor cells and mature granulocyte and macrophage effector cells. We have compared the effect of GM-CSF on the synthesis of 5-lipoxygenase products induced by the chemotactic peptide fMet-Leu-Phe and the calcium ionophore A23187 in human neutrophils. Although GM-CSF alone did not stimulate detectable synthesis of products of the 5 lipoxygenase pathway, pre-incubation of neutrophils with 200 pM GM-CSF for 1 hour at 23 degrees C enhanced synthesis of leukotriene B4, its all-trans isomers and omega-oxidation products, and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in response to both the calcium ionophore A23187 (1.5 microM), and the chemotactic peptide fMet-Leu Phe (0.1 microM). This priming effect of GM-CSF was maximal after a 60 min incubation at 23 degrees C, or after a 30 min preincubation at 37 degrees C. The effect of GM-CSF was maximal using a concentration of 1 nM. Enhancement of the leukotriene synthesis stimulated by A23187 was only observed when the cells were stimulated by the ionophore for periods of 3 minutes or less. In contrast, the enhancing effect of GM-CSF was still apparent when cells were exposed to fMet-Leu Phe for as long as 15 minutes. Furthermore, the enhancing effect of GM-CSF was ablated when neutrophils were stimulated with A23187 and exogenous arachidonic acid. However, co-addition of exogenous arachidonic acid with fMet-Leu-Phe did not entirely mask the effect of GM-CSF. Possible mechanisms of action of GM-CSF are discussed. PMID- 3148965 TI - Sulfidopeptide-leukotrienes are major mediators of arachidonic acid-induced mouse ear edema. AB - The inflammatory response of the mouse ear to topical application of arachidonic acid (2 mg/ear) was examined to study the roles of sulfidopeptide-leukotrienes (LTs) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 as mediators of edema. The increase in ear thickness caused by arachidonic acid (AA) (edema), reached a maximum at 45 to 60 min after AA application. The amounts of immunoreactive LTC4 and immunoreactive PGE2 produced increased significantly in 5 to 10 min, and then diminished gradually over 60 min. 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, dual cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitors and anti-histamines significantly inhibited AA-induced ear edema. Both production of PGE2 and LTC4 were suppressed by NDGA at 1 mg/ear which also inhibited ear swelling. However aspirin, which enhanced LTC4 production in AA-induced ear edema did not inhibit the ear swelling. Hypodermic injection of LTC4 at 25 ng or PGE2 at 500 ng/ear did not cause swelling, but edema was induced when both compounds were injected simultaneously. Moreover ear swelling was induced by injection of both LTD4 at 50 ng and PGE2 at 500 ng/ear. Furthermore, concomitant injection of histamine, at 500 ng or serotonin at 50 ng/ear with LTC4 at 25 ng caused ear swelling but both compounds at the same dose alone did not induce swelling. These results suggest that AA-induced ear edema is predominantly mediated by LTC4 and other lipoxygenase products while PGE2 (in the presence of LTs) acts to facilitated ear swelling, although serotonin and histamine may also contribute. PMID- 3148966 TI - [Primary osteosis cutis in 2 children]. PMID- 3148967 TI - Professionalism, power & society. PMID- 3148968 TI - Role of gastrin-releasing peptide in pepsinogen secretion from the isolated perfused rat stomach. AB - We studied the effects of the neuropeptide gastrin-releasing peptide on pepsinogen secretion using an isolated perfused rat stomach with intact vagal innervation. Following electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves, the pepsin output to the luminal effluent increased from 94 +/- 7 to 182 +/- 24 units pepsin/min and the release of immunoreactive gastrin-releasing peptide to the venous effluent increased from 0.059 +/- 0.014 to 0.138 +/- 0.028 pmol/min. Infusion of gastrin-releasing peptide at 10(-8) M significantly increased pepsin output (from 87 +/- 17 to 129 +/- 22 units pepsin/min) and simultaneous infusion of gastrin-releasing peptide and carbachol at 10(-8) and 10(-6) M, respectively, resulted in an increase to almost 4 times the basal values. Atropine reduced but did not abolish the pepsin response to vagal stimulation and to infusion of gastrin-releasing peptide. Our results suggest that gastrin-releasing peptide participates in the vagal control of pepsinogen secretion. PMID- 3148969 TI - A comparison of the concepts used to develop and apply occupational exposure limits for ionizing radiation and hazardous chemical substances. AB - The rationales used by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (AC-GIH) to recommend exposure limits for 10 chemicals were reviewed. The 10 chemicals chosen were known to produce chronic disease after prolonged overexposure in the workplace. The chemicals were toluene diisocyanate, hydrogen fluoride, n-hexane, carbon disulfide, cadmium, inorganic mercury, cobalt, nitroglycerol, silica, and vinyl chloride. The rationales used by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) to recommend limits for workplace exposure to ionizing radiation were reviewed. The rationales used in occupational health by ACGIH were then compared with those used by ICRP in health physics. The comparison revealed a significant divergence in the underlying concepts and philosophies of the two approaches. This divergence cannot be solely attributed to differences in scientific knowledge about toxicological and radiological effects. In areas of scientific uncertainty, exposure limits for ionizing radiation are based on worst case or conservative assumptions. This approach favors human safety. Parallel approaches could not be found for any of the 10 chemicals reviewed. Other factors such as the costs incurred by industry in meeting the proposed standards played a more significant role in establishing limits for workplace chemicals than for ionizing radiation. PMID- 3148970 TI - [Morbidity of Chagas disease in urban populations of the Paraiba sector]. PMID- 3148971 TI - [Echocardiography in schistosomal pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 3148972 TI - [Evaluation of a Special Program for the Control of Schistosomiasis in the State of Paraiba, Brazil]. PMID- 3148973 TI - [Renal involvement in a Salmonella-Schistosoma mansoni association]. PMID- 3148974 TI - [Current status of Chagas disease in French Guiana]. PMID- 3148975 TI - [Nuclear changes in cells parasitized by Trypanosoma cruzi in chronic Chagas disease patients]. PMID- 3148976 TI - Bowel x-ray alterations in acute human schistosomiasis. PMID- 3148977 TI - [The ABO system and anatomoclinical forms of chronic Chagas disease]. PMID- 3148978 TI - [Biochemistry of schistosomiasis mansoni. IV. Changes in the hepatic lysosome compartment in relation to the time of infection]. PMID- 3148981 TI - [Recognition of germinal plasma in oocytes of Bufo arenarum]. PMID- 3148979 TI - [Susceptibility of the gastric mucosa to the damaging action of a bile salt in chronic chagasic rats]. PMID- 3148980 TI - [ELISA immunoenzymatic assay in the pericardial fluid: a new method for the post mortem diagnosis of Chagas disease]. PMID- 3148982 TI - [Nutritional support in pediatrics]. PMID- 3148983 TI - [Bacterial meningitis: identification of the etiologic agent by latex agglutination]. PMID- 3148984 TI - [Interaction of isoflurane and nitroglycerin on the intraocular pressure]. PMID- 3148985 TI - [Duodenal diverticulum next to Vater's papilla. Study of its prevalence and association with biliopancreatic pathology]. PMID- 3148986 TI - [Immunoproliferative disease of the small intestine. Description of a case with secretion of complete IgA]. PMID- 3148987 TI - [Correlation between ABO system blood groups and Rh(D) factor in patients with congenital malformations of the lip and/or palate]. PMID- 3148989 TI - Effect of lactose hydrolysis on calcium absorption during duodenal milk perfusion. AB - A multi-lumen intubation system was used to study the absorption of calcium, glucose and galactose in 13 human subjects. The intubation was placed between the duodenum abdomen and proximal jejunum and the subjects were perfused with milk and lactase-supplemented milk. Lactose disappearance over a 20 cm length of intestine was used as the index of lactase activity. The subjects were assigned to one of two groups, lactase-normal and lactase-deficient. There was linear correlation between the absorption of calcium and lactose: lactase-deficient subjects absorbed less calcium than lactase-normal subjects. Perfusion with lactase-supplemented milk enhanced calcium absorption in lactase-deficient subjects but had no effect on that of normal lactase subjects. All subjects absorbed approximately the same percentage of perfused calcium (24%) when perfused with hydrolysed milk. These data indicate that the enhancement of calcium absorption is not a function of lactase per se, but of its hydrolytic products, glucose and galactose. PMID- 3148988 TI - Production of volatile fatty acids as a result of bacterial interactions in the cecum of gnotobiotic rats and chickens fed a lactose-containing diet. AB - Volatile fatty acid (VFA) productions from lactose and lactate by a Clostridium butyricum and a Veillonella alcalescens strain, alone or in combination with a Lactobacillus acidophilus strain, were determined both in vitro in culture media and in vivo in the ceca of gnotobiotic animals. Gnotobiotic rats, which possess intestinal lactase, and chickens, which are devoid of it, were used. Both animal species were fed a diet containing 4% lactose. The in vitro results showed that the C. butyricum strain fermented lactose and D-lactic acid to butyric and acetic acids, whereas L-lactic acid was not fermented. The V. alcalescens strain did not ferment lactose and fermented L better than D-lactic acid. The in vivo results showed that high VFA concentrations were obtained in the ceca of chickens either disassociated with V. alcalescens or C. butyricum and Lactobacillus strains or monoassociated with C. butyricum. VFA concentrations in the ceca of rats were low, whatever strain the rats harbored. In addition, an antagonistic effect of the C. butyricum strain against the Lactobacillus strain was evidenced both in rats and chickens. It is suggested that the absence of a host lactase makes the chick a good model for lactose intolerance studies in human newborns. PMID- 3148990 TI - Canine and feline mast cell tumors: biologic behavior, diagnosis, and therapy. AB - Our understanding of the etiology, behavior, and most effective form of mast cell tumor treatment is rudimentary. I have tried to indicate specific areas that need further study in order to resolve some of the present controversies. Clinicians should recognize that many of the published recommendations for treatment of mast cell tumors are based on opinion and should be viewed with skepticism. Because of the infrequence of this tumor in man, limited help can be expected from human oncologists, and thus the burden of responsibility for progress in predicting behavior and developing effective treatment for canine mast cell tumors falls on the shoulders of veterinarians. PMID- 3148991 TI - Sleep patterns and stability in perimenopausal women. AB - Women between the ages of 40 and 59 years were classified as pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal, with and without hot flash symptoms, for comparison of somnographic sleep variables. Few differences in sleep variables were noted between the groups. However, peri- and postmenopausal women experiencing hot flashes (symptomatic) tended to have lower sleep efficiencies than those not experiencing hot flashes. As well, rapid-eye-movement (REM) latency was longer (p less than 0.05) in the symptomatic women (means = 94.2 min) than in the nonsymptomatic women (means = 71.4 min). Although an age difference existed between the menopausal status groups, it was less than a decade and a main group effect for sleep efficiency and REM latency was seen while controlling for age and/or depression. PMID- 3148992 TI - [Detection of SSA/Ro antibody in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus and cutaneous photosensitivity. A comparative study]. PMID- 3148993 TI - [Functional study of 11 monoclonal anti-Rh D IgG antibodies. Attempt to define selection criteria with regard to their use in Rh immunoprophylaxis]. PMID- 3148994 TI - Depressed PPD and tetanus toxoid presentation by monocytes to T lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: restoration by interferon gamma. AB - A diminished antigen presentation of blood monocytes to autologous T cells has been recently described in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study the defective presentation of common recall antigens by blood monocytes revealed it to be a monocyte dysfunction specific for RA which could not be found in other chronic inflammatory rheumatic or non-rheumatic diseases and which could be restored by recombinant human interferon gamma. In addition, RA monocytes in blood exhibited a strongly reduced expression of HLA-DR determinants on the cell surface. T cells from RA patients produced almost normal interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels and showed a normal IL-2 sensitivity after phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation. Several reasons may be responsible for this altered monocyte function in RA. Among these an in vivo "preactivation" of monocytes associated with a reduced antigen-presenting capacity or an impaired regulation of monocyte/macrophage differentiation are discussed. PMID- 3148997 TI - [Developing]. PMID- 3148995 TI - Anti-Sm and anti-DNA antibodies in paired serum and synovial fluid samples from patients with SLE. AB - Antibodies to nuclear antigens (ANAs) are frequently found in the serum of patients with connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and have been implicated in the immune-complex mediated pathogenesis of these diseases. In this study we have compared the occurrence of precipitating ANAs in paired samples of serum and synovial fluid from patients with different CTDs. Of the 30 patients examined 3 had precipitating ANAs in their serum only, 1 in the synovial fluid only, and 3 had antibodies in both serum and synovial fluid. Precipitating ANAs in synovial fluid were found in 3/6 patients with SLE, 1 patient with RA/Sjogren's syndrome overlap, and one patient with RA/SLE overlap. Of the other 15 patients with RA, 2 had precipitating antibodies only in their serum. Two of the SLE patients had anti-Sm antibody, one in serum only and the other in both serum and synovial fluid. Detection by ELISA of class specific anti-Sm antibodies in serum or synovial fluid paralleled the occurrence of antidenatured DNA antibodies when both specificities occurred together. One SLE patient did show evidence in synovial fluids of elevated concentrations of specific antibody classes to individual antigens; however, elevated levels were more frequently found in serum. Local production of ANAs does not, therefore, appear to be a feature of synovial fluids from SLE patients. PMID- 3148999 TI - [Study on the estimation of the number of registrations in professional nursing schools]. PMID- 3148996 TI - Urinary protein excretion patterns in reactive (secondary) systemic amyloidosis. AB - The urinary excretion of immunoglobulin light chains kappa and lambda, immunoglobulin G, transferrin, and beta-2-microglobulin was studied in 21 patients with nonimmunoglobulin-related amyloid nephropathy (secondary, type AA) associated with rheumatic disease and in 39 patients with glomerulopathy of nonamyloid origin, as well as in 22 patients with rheumatic disease without signs of nephropathy and in 15 healthy subjects. Patients with amyloidosis were found to have a higher ratio of excreted lambda/kappa light chains than patients with diabetic nephropathy or chronic glomerulonephritis. The increased lambda/kappa ratio was not dependent on the grade of proteinuria and was evident in patients with mild as well as heavy proteinuria. The ratio of lambda/kappa light chains in serum of patients with amyloidosis did not differ from that in healthy controls. The results suggest that amyloid deposition in the kidneys is associated with a selective alternation of the immunoglobulin light chain excretion in the urine. PMID- 3148998 TI - [Newly employed nurses: a project for their introduction]. PMID- 3149000 TI - ["Family, get out?"]. PMID- 3149001 TI - [The development of relational and communication attitudes: experience of a class of pediatric nursing students]. PMID- 3149002 TI - [Parenteral feeding. 2]. PMID- 3149003 TI - [Is the undoing of the face of humanity possible? The 3d world war]. PMID- 3149004 TI - [Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in children. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 3149005 TI - Primary neoplasms in vesical diverticula. Reports of two cases. AB - Two patients presented with primary carcinoma (transitional cell and squamous cell, respectively) in a bladder diverticulum. The first patient was treated with transurethral resection and the second with diverticulectomy and later cystourethrectomy. Both died within a year of diagnosis. PMID- 3149007 TI - Partial amino acid sequence analysis and variable subgroup determination (VH and VL) of a monoclonal rheumatoid factor derived from a rheumatoid arthritis patient. AB - Continuous cell lines secreting monoclonal rheumatoid factors (RF) were derived from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients by cloning Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed B cells and by hybridoma techniques. We studied five different clones with stable RF secretion. All were IgM, 4 kappa and 1 lambda. One of these clones, RFAN was extensively studied, and the partial amino acid sequences of the variable regions of both heavy and light chains were determined. After affinity purification, the IgM lambda RF antibody derived from the EBV clone was run under reducing conditions on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The separated heavy and light chains were blotted and then sequenced by a gas-phase sequenator. The N-terminal sequence of the lambda light chain corresponded to that of the V lambda III subgroup. The heavy chain of the same IgM RF clone had a blocked N terminus, but a cyanogen bromide peptide starting after methionine at position 82 showed a sequence typical of the VHIII subgroup. Heavy and light chains were also prepared by gel filtration after reduction and carboxymethylation from the same EBV clone made into a hybridoma. After this preparation, the heavy chain was not blocked and the N-terminal sequence confirmed that the heavy chain variable region belonged to the VHIII subgroup. We believe this to be the first amino acid sequence study of a monoclonal RF derived from the repertoire of an RA patient. PMID- 3149006 TI - Occurrence of a mu-chain idiotope in two human monoclonal RF which also share a kappa-chain idiotope. AB - Evidence was obtained for the presence of a common idiotypic determinant on the mu chains of two human monoclonal IgM proteins (COR and LEW) with rheumatoid factor (RF) activity using three mouse monoclonal antibodies which were prepared by immunization with the isolated heavy chains. The idiotope was detected on the intact proteins as well as the isolated mu-chains, but not on four other monoclonal IgM RF proteins, a monoclonal IgA RF protein, and two monoclonal IgM proteins without RF activity. Previous studies have shown that COR and LEW IgM RF also share a prominent kappa-chain idiotope. The parallel occurrence of mu- and kappa-chain idiotopes on monoclonal IgM RF proteins from unrelated patients suggests that there may be combinatorial restrictions in the pairing of RF heavy and light chain variable regions. PMID- 3149008 TI - Idiotypic characteristics of rheumatoid factors. AB - We have used monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies and "sequence-dependent" heterologous anti-peptide antibodies of predefined specificities against either the complementarity determining or framework regions of the human immunoglobulin molecules to delineate the structural and genetic basis of human IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) paraprotein formation. Human IgM RF paraproteins were found to be most commonly reactive with anti-kappa III subgroup anti-sera (88%). These RFs could be subdivided into two major light chain cross reactive idiotype (CRI) groups with the monoclonal antibodies 17.109 and 6B6.6. The two CRI positive light chains are likely encoded by two distinct V kappa germline genes, designated respectively Humkv325 (VkRF) and Humkv328. These CRIs are also associated with specificities other than RFs. Heavy chain analysis of RFs revealed that the product of the Humkv325 gene frequently assemble with heavy chains of the VHI subgroup, but will assemble with the heavy chains of other subgroups less frequently. The VHI heavy chains RFs were found to carry frequently the G6 CRI marker. PMID- 3149009 TI - [Negative TRH test: differentiated reevaluation using sensitive TSH determination]. PMID- 3149011 TI - [Revision of the code of ethics]. PMID- 3149010 TI - [Voiding urethrosonography. An alternative to roentgen urethrography]. AB - X-ray contrast imaging of the urethra, retrograde as urethrogram (UG) or antegrade as part of the miction cystourethrogram (MCU), has proved successful as a standard examination in urological diagnosis. The article presents a sonography technique enabling three-dimensional morphological and functional imaging the entire male urethra by real-time sonography. Advantages over x-ray film methods are the repeatability at any time, low invasiveness, absence of exposure to x rays, and lesions of the urethral mucosa by catheters, as well as the avoidance of iodine-induced contrast medium reactions. Miction urethrosonography (MUS) is suitable for screening diagnosis of urethral stricture in miction difficulties, for excluding an iatrogenic of congenital urethral diverticulum, and for control after urethral surgery (internal urethrotomy, urethroplasty). PMID- 3149012 TI - [Nursing and informatics. The prospects and implications]. PMID- 3149013 TI - [Antineoplastic chemotherapy. The standards and nursing care relative to the preparation and administration of antineoplastic therapy]. PMID- 3149015 TI - [Care for chronic patients]. PMID- 3149014 TI - [Nurses in Europe]. PMID- 3149016 TI - [Current trends in the nursing care of patients with advanced cancer]. PMID- 3149017 TI - [Oxygen therapy at home. Its evaluation and prescription]. PMID- 3149018 TI - [What patients need to know who perform oxygen therapy at home]. PMID- 3149019 TI - [Leg ulcer. Frustration or a challenge?]. PMID- 3149021 TI - [Leprosy: a light at the end of the tunnel]. PMID- 3149020 TI - [Care of the mouth]. PMID- 3149022 TI - [Computer "screens" are not harmful to the eyes]. PMID- 3149023 TI - Are hospital suicides on the increase? A survey of reports on hospital suicides in the psychiatric literature of the 19th and 20th century. PMID- 3149024 TI - Social construction or causal ascription: distinguishing suicide from undetermined deaths. PMID- 3149025 TI - Suicidal behaviour, social networks and psychiatric diagnosis. PMID- 3149027 TI - Race, religion and female suicide attempters in Singapore. PMID- 3149026 TI - Do weather, day of the week, and address affect the rate of attempted suicide in Hong Kong? PMID- 3149028 TI - Depression and life circumstances. A study of young, married women on a London housing estate. PMID- 3149029 TI - Involuntary admissions in a Canadian province: the influence of geographic and population factors. PMID- 3149030 TI - Paranoid pseudocommunity beliefs in a sect milieu. PMID- 3149031 TI - The effect of individual psychosocial treatment on the family atmosphere of schizophrenic patients. PMID- 3149032 TI - Educational and emotional problems in students in Sweden. PMID- 3149033 TI - University students' attitudes toward mental patients in a developing country. PMID- 3149034 TI - Estimating psychiatric morbidity in the community. Standardization of the Italian versions of GHQ and CIS. PMID- 3149035 TI - Ethnic differences in the perception of barriers to help-seeking. PMID- 3149036 TI - [The financing of health in Mexico]. PMID- 3149037 TI - [Aminoglycosides and nosocomial infections. Our clinical experience]. PMID- 3149038 TI - Common hierarchies of susceptibility to the induction of neural tube defects in mouse embryos by valproic acid and its 4-propyl-4-pentenoic acid metabolite. AB - The teratogenic effects of valproic acid and its 4-propyl-4-pentenoic acid (4-en) metabolite were investigated in three inbred mouse strains that were known to possess differing sensitivity to heat-induced neural tube defects. In the heat resistant DBA/2J strain, administration of either valproic acid or the metabolite during the critical period of neural tube development failed to produce any abnormal offspring. Similar treatment in the moderately heat-sensitive LM/Bc strain resulted in up to 19.8% exencephalic fetuses. The highly heat-sensitive SWV strain was also very susceptible to the induction of neural tube defects by either valproic acid or its 4-en metabolite. When administered on gestational day 8 plus 12 hours, the parent compound produced 35% exencephalic fetuses, while the metabolite had a response frequency of 32.4%. Thus, the hierarchy of susceptibility for the induction of neural tube defects in these inbred mouse strains was exactly the same whether the teratogen was a physical agent such as hyperthermia or a chemical compound such as valproic acid. If such diverse agents as these should interact to produce malformations, then it is possible that a wide variety of other agents might interact in a similar manner to produce neural tube defects. PMID- 3149039 TI - Valproic acid developmental toxicity and pharmacokinetics in the rhesus monkey: an interspecies comparison. AB - This study was undertaken to assess the developmental toxicity and drug distributional and metabolic characteristics of prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure in rhesus monkeys. Oral administration of 20-600 mg/kg/day VPA (approximately 1-15 X human therapeutic dose) to 33 animals on variable gestational days (GD) during organogenesis resulted in dose-dependent developmental toxicity manifested as increased embryo/fetal mortality, intrauterine growth retardation, and craniofacial and skeletal defects. Biphasic plasma elimination curves were observed for total and free VPA on the first (GD 21) and last (GD 50) days of treatment in the 100- and 200-mg/kg/day dose groups. VPA exhibited dose-independent elimination kinetics at the plasma concentrations observed in this study. There was no significant change in pharmacokinetic parameters (maternal plasma elimination rate, area under the curve, peak plasma concentration) between the first and last days of treatment at either dose level. Placental transfer studies indicated that embryos were exposed to half the free VPA concentrations present in maternal plasma on GD 37. Comparisons of interspecies sensitivity to VPA-induced developmental toxicity in the mouse, rat, monkey, and man are made. PMID- 3149041 TI - Caffeine, an exquisitely specific inhibitor of osteogenic differentiation. PMID- 3149040 TI - Alterations in cell surface galactosyltransferase activity during limb chondrogenesis in brachypod mutant mouse embryos. AB - The autosomal mutation brachypod (bpH/bpH) in the mouse affects the development of precartilage mesenchymal condensation in the limb-bud. We have previously shown that this defect is localized to the expression of terminal N acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) glycoproteins in the plasma membrane (Elmer and Wright, '83). The present study is focused on cell surface galactosyltransferase (GalTase), an ectoenzyme that transfers galactose to its GlcNAc substrate. Purified plasma membrane preparations derived from wild-type (+/+), heterozygote (+/bpH) and brachypod (bpH/bpH) embryonic mouse limb cells were assayed for GalTase activity during in vitro and in utero chondrogenesis using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). On embryonic day E12, prior to overt expression of the mutant gene, no significant difference in GalTase activity was observed. By the third day in culture, all major chondrogenic elements of the autopod were present in +/+ and +/bpH embryos, whereas the mutant autopods were markedly deficient in staining and appeared consistently shorter. The accumulation of alcianophilic cartilage matrix in the wild-type was accompanied by a 29% increase in GalTase activity, which reflected the net change (29%) observed during development from days E12 to E13 in utero. The GalTase activity for the in utero E13 mutant (13%) was significantly different from control. In culture, day E12 mutant autopods actually decreased in their GalTase level by 3 days so that the activity was reduced to only 57% of the wild-type. Though GalTase activity in the heterozygote showed an intermediate expression, optical image analysis did not reveal consistent differences in cartilage development when compared to +/+, arguing against a gene-dosage effect at the gross anatomical level. These data indicate that an increase in plasma membrane GalTase activity is a natural developmental event that occurs during limb-bud chondrogenesis and a decrease in GalTase activity contributes to the dysmorphogenesis in brachypod limb-buds. PMID- 3149042 TI - Bronchial reactivity to methacholine after combined heart-lung transplantation. AB - The operation of combined heart-lung transplantation results in acute denervation of the heart, lungs, and airways below the level of the trachea. The bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled methacholine of 12 recipients of heart lung transplants was compared with that of 12 recipients of heart transplants having similar medication and 12 normal subjects. The median dose of methacholine that produced a reduction of at least 20% in the FEV1 (PC20) for the recipients of heart-lung transplants (8 mg/ml) was significantly lower than that for the recipients of heart transplants (64 mg/ml) and normal subjects (greater than 64 mg/ml). The increased airway reactivity may be related to the effects of chronic pulmonary denervation or subclinical inflammation in the airways. The effect of denervation on the response to full inspiration during bronchoconstriction was studied in six patients with heart-lung transplants by means of partial and maximal forced expiratory manoeuvres. Four showed bronchodilation after a deep breath, indicating that this response can occur after extrinsic pulmonary denervation in man. The patients with heart-lung transplants described a "tight" sensation in the anterior chest during bronchoconstriction, indicating that this sensation is not dependent on pulmonary innervation. PMID- 3149043 TI - Age dependence of blood fibrinolytic components and the effects of low-dose oral contraceptives on coagulation and fibrinolysis in teenagers. AB - Basal t-PA antigen concentration, PAI-I activity and fibrinolytic capacity was studied in plasma from 20 healthy teenager girls (age 15.9 +/- 1.3 years) and two groups of older healthy volunteers, consisting of 17 women (age 32 +/- 8 years, group 1) and 35 men (age 34 +/- 8 years, group 2). Basal t-PA antigen concentrations in plasma were found to be highly age-dependent with higher values with increasing age. The teenager girls had significantly lower values compared with the two groups of elderly volunteers. PAI-I levels were significantly higher in plasma from the teenager girls and the fibrinolytic capacity after 15 min of venous occlusion was significantly lower. In this study we also determined the effect of low-dose oral contraceptives (OC) on coagulation and fibrinolysis in the teenager group. Each teenager served as her own control with samples drawn before and on OC after 4 months of use. The coagulation parameters, factor VIII activity, AT III, Protein C and platelet counts were all within reference values before and on OC. The fibrinolytic activity in plasma after venous occlusion (15 min) increased significantly when the teenagers had used OC for 4 months. This phenomenon was explained by significantly decreased PAI levels and also by significantly increased t-PA antigen release from the vessel wall after venous occlusion. PMID- 3149044 TI - Circadian fluctuations of plasminogen activator inhibitor and tissue plasminogen activator levels in plasma of patients with unstable coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction. AB - A decrease in the fibrinolytic potential, mainly due to an elevation of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), has been described in patients with stable coronary artery disease and a previous myocardial infarction. We investigated plasma levels of PAI and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and their possible circadian variations in patients with unstable coronary artery disease (CAD). Sixty-three patients were studied for at least 2 consecutive days during their stay at the coronary care unit (CCU). Diurnal plasma fluctuations in PAI and t-PA and onset of further myocardial ischemic episodes were monitored. As controls we used 22 age-matched patients submitted to the clinic because of non cardiac chest pain or valvular disease who revealed no evidence of CAD. PAI levels were significantly elevated in patients with unstable CAD (p less than 0.0001) but were not influenced by the extent of underlying CAD, history of previous myocardial infarction, known risk factors for CAD, or by extent of myocardial damage. The circadian variation of PAI levels with peak values between midnight and 6 A.M. found in controls was still present in patients but at a higher level. Preservation of circadian pattern in PAI plasma levels despite myocardial ischemic attacks indicates that elevation of PAI is rather not caused by a reactive phenomenon. On the other hand, elevated PAI levels and episodes of severe myocardial ischemia exhibiting a median time of onset at 10 A.M. seem to be closely related. PMID- 3149045 TI - Synthesis of factor VIII in human hepatocytes in culture. AB - Although several investigators have attempted to identify the site of synthesis of factor VIII (FVIII), the cellular species responsible for maintenance of plasma FVIII has not been clearly defined. Indications point at hepatocytes and certain endothelial cells. The present study investigated the FVIII coagulant antigen (VIII:Ag) of hepatocytes obtained by two-step collagenase digests of human liver pieces. Following Percoll gradient centrifugation, less than 1% of cells harvested were non-parenchymal. Lysates of freshly isolated and purified hepatocytes contained 165-250 mU of VIII:Ag/10(6) cells as defined by a two-site ELISA employing a haemophilic antibody against human FVIII. This material contained a single peak of VIII:Ag polypeptides as judged from the VIII:Ag ELISA profile of Mono-Q fast protein liquid chromatography fractions. A haemophilic antibody specific for epitopes of the light chain of FVIII, employed in immunoisolation of VIII:Ag in lysate of human hepatocytes, extracted a polypeptide pattern that was studied in a reduced SDS-PAGE electrophoresis gel and compared to that of immunoisolate from normal plasma. After electroblotting onto nitrocellulose and reaction with a monoclonal antibody towards the light chain of FVIII, the appearance of a doublet at 78-79 kDa in both these materials indicated the presence of the light chain of FVIII in human hepatocyte lysate. During culture, human hepatocytes secreted 20-80 mU of VIII:Ag per 1 x 10(6) cells per 24 hours. Further, a significant secretion of VIII:Ag was found in media of cultured human hepatoma cells, Hep-G2, whereas human blood monocytes and human fibroblasts did not secrete detectable VIII:Ag. In all of these cell cultures, vWf:Ag was indetectable or present as trace.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3149046 TI - Factor VIII procoagulant protein interacts with phospholipid vesicles via its 80 kDa light chain. AB - In a previous report, we detailed fractionation of polyclonal human anti-Factor VIII:C into a component directed exclusively against the phospholipid-binding site on Factor VIII (PL-site antibody) and another directed at other sites (non PL-site antibody). The location on the F.VIII molecule of its PL-binding site has now been studied by two different methods using this fractionated 125I-labelled anti-F.VIII:C Fab'. The first method was modified from that of Weinstein et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981; 78: 5137-41), involving electrophoresis of F.VIII peptide-125I-Fab' A/F.VIII immunocomplexes in SDS-polyacrylamide gels. PL-site antibody reacted with F.VIII peptides of apparent Mr approximately 80 kDa and sometimes 160 kDa in plasma and concentrate, but not with larger peptides. Non-PL site antibody, however, reacted with a range of peptides of apparent Mr 90 kDa to 280 kDa. In addition, when purified F.VIII containing heavy and light chains (HC + LC), and isolated LC peptides were analysed, PL-site antibody bound to LC peptides whereas non-PL-site antibody did not. The second method used the antibody pools in immunoradiometric assays (IRMA's) of purified F.VIII peptides. Both labels measured similar amounts of F.VIII:Ag in a sample of purified F.VIII containing both HC and LC; on assaying an HC preparation, however, PL-site label measured only 2% of F.VIII:Ag found by non-PL-site label, indicating that PL binding sites are absent in HC preparations. These results indicate that F.VIII binds to PL via its 80 kDa light chain. PMID- 3149048 TI - Insulin stimulates the synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 by the human hepatocellular cell line Hep G2. AB - Secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) by cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human hepatocellular cell line Hep G2 was evaluated after insulin stimulation. The secretion of PAI-1 antigen and activity was measured in the conditioned medium and the cellular extracts after incubation of confluent cultures with 1% serum medium for 24 hours. Insulin induced a dose dependent increase of the PAI-1 secretion by Hep G2 cell line. At 10(-8) M a two fold increase of PAI-1 antigen and activity were observed whereas alpha 2 antiplasmin and fibrinogen were not significantly modified. No effect of insulin was observed on PAI-1 antigen and PAI activity production by human endothelial cells whereas endotoxin resulted in a two fold increase in PAI-1 secretion. In recent clinical studies we have demonstrated that the level of plasma insulin correlated with that of PAI-1. Thus we hypothesize that hepatocytes represent a physiological source of plasma PAI-1 which is modulated by plasma insulin level. PMID- 3149049 TI - Tissue-type plasminogen activator in patients with intracranial meningiomas. AB - Three of 13 patients with intracranial meningiomas showed the pre- and postoperative elevation of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) related fibrinolytic activity in euglobulin fractions (EFA). During operation, two of these three patients showed a significant elevation of the level of fibrin(ogen) degradation products and oozing in the operating field. However, oozing was not observed in the third patient who had been given tranexamic acid preoperatively. Fibrin autography revealed that a broad lytic band of mol wt 50-60 kDa, probably free t-PA, appeared in the plasma obtained from two of the three patients after operation when EFA elevated significantly. In all patients studied, the t-PA antigen levels were normal preoperatively but increased both during and after operation, and correlated mainly with the intensities of a lytic band of mol wt 110 kDa, probably t-PA complexed with its major inhibitor (PAI-1). These results suggest that the excessive fibrinolysis can induce the local hemorrhagic diathesis during operation and may be related to t-PA function in plasma. PMID- 3149047 TI - Clot lysis mediated by cultured human microvascular endothelial cells. AB - The lysis of fibrin clots on the surface of cultured human omental tissue microvascular endothelial cells (HOTMEC) and cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was studied. Fibrin clots were made by mixing fibrinogen, plasminogen and thrombin on the surface of both cell types. Clot lysis was seen only on the surface of HOTMEC, which were found to synthesize about 100-fold more tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen than HUVEC. Clot lysis of HOTMEC could be blocked by anti-tPA IgG but was not affected by the incorporation of exogenous plasminogen activator (PAI) into the clot in concentrations (75 arbitrary units) exceeding the tPA activity (21 +/- 2.5 IU) of the cells. Thus, it is likely that tPA secreted by HOTMEC is protected from inhibition by PAI in the presence of fibrin and endothelial cells. The stimulation of EC to release an excess of tPA over PAI, in contrast to the secretion of an excess of PAI over tPA found in unstimulated cells in the absence of fibrin, is obviously no prerequisite for the initiation of fibrinolysis on the surface of HOTMEC. As thrombin was used for clot formation, its influence on tPA and PAI synthesis of both cell types was investigated. In contrast to HOTMEC, which were not affected by alpha-thrombin, HUVEC revealed a dose-dependent increase in tPA and PAI synthesis upon incubation with the enzyme. This increase in tPA production by HUVEC was not sufficient to lyse the clots within 48 hours. Furthermore, HUVEC behaved differently towards thrombin as these cells in contrast to HOTMEC revealed the typical shape change reaction upon incubation with the enzyme. PMID- 3149050 TI - Effect of porcine follicular fluid on LH and FSH secretion in rats. AB - To investigate a mode and a site of action of inhibin on FSH and LH secretion, in vivo and in vitro effects of porcine follicular fluid (PFF) on FSH and LH secretion were studied in male rats. PFF administered i.v. suppressed basal FSH levels for 1-8 hr, but did not alter LH levels. On the contrary, PFF given either 1 or 6 hr in advance, suppressed LH-RH stimulated LH responses as well as LH-RH induced FSH responses. In cultured pituitary cells PFF exerted a partial suppressive effect on LH release. PFF suppressed LH release only under the maximal stimulation with 10(-10) M LH-RH and 0.1 mM 3-isobutyl-1-metylxanthine (IBMX) to a lesser degree compared with uniform and greater suppression on FSH release regardless of the experimental conditions. Above results showed a selective suppressive effect of PFF on FSH release and synthesis with a less inhibitory effect on LH release mainly at the pituitary level. PMID- 3149052 TI - [Apical granulomas--foci of active inflammation]. PMID- 3149051 TI - Partial structural determination of hepatotoxic peptides from Microcystis aeruginosa (cyanobacterium) collected in ponds of central China. AB - Waterbloom samples of the colonial cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, collected in fish ponds at the Hydrobiological Institute, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, were hepatotoxic to mice. Lyophilized cells had an LD50 (i.p. mouse; 40 mg/kg) and signs of poisoning similar to that reported for other cyanobacterial hepatotoxic peptides. Two toxins, with an LD50 (i.p. mouse) of 40 and 150 micrograms/kg, were isolated using gel filtration and high performance liquid chromatography. The amino acid composition and mol. wt (994) of the 40 micrograms/kg toxin was the same as that for microcystin-LR, while the 150 micrograms/kg toxin had an amino acid composition and mol. wt (1048) different from any of the reported cyanobacteria heptapeptide toxins reported to date. PMID- 3149053 TI - Sex-specific gene expression in somatic tissues of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 3149054 TI - Primary events in C. elegans sex determination and dosage compensation. PMID- 3149055 TI - Magnification: gene amplification by an inducible system of sister chromatid exchange. PMID- 3149056 TI - Genetic variation of Drosophila melanogaster natural populations. PMID- 3149057 TI - [Comparison of the hypoglycemic effect of 2 presentations--of glibenclamide]. PMID- 3149058 TI - [The use of ultrafiltration for concentration and purification of beta galactosidase]. AB - A possibility of concentration and purification of culture fluid of Escherichia coli by the ultrafiltration technique using Soviet cellulose acetate membranes were studied. It is established that cellulose acetate membranes may be used for purification from low molecular weight protein and concentration of preliminarily purified culture fluid of Escherichia coli. Membranes YAM-300 are most preferable. At the temperature of 18 degrees C, pressure 0.16-0.24 MPa and 20 fold concentration the yield of the enzyme at the ultrafiltration stage was 84.5%. PMID- 3149059 TI - Tissue fixation methods alter the immunohistochemical demonstrability of synaptophysin. PMID- 3149061 TI - Rupture of a pyelocaliceal diverticulum. AB - Although numerous reports have described the complications associated with pyelocaliceal diverticula, rupture of a pyelocaliceal diverticulum is extremely rare. We present a case of spontaneous rupture of a pyelocaliceal diverticulum with ureteral calculus. After passage of the calculus, no extravasation was demonstrated without any surgical or manipulative procedure. The unusual etiopathological setting which predisposed to the occurrence of such a rare phenomenon is discussed. PMID- 3149060 TI - Inhibition of heme-promoted enzymatic lipid peroxidation by desferrioxamine and EDTA. AB - Oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin and hematin were found to catalyze xanthine-oxidase induced peroxidation of phospholipid liposomes, while oxy- and metmyoglobin were inactive in this respect. The peroxidation was inhibited by desferrioxamine and by EDTA. Peroxidation catalyzed by 0.4 microM oxyhemoglobin was decreased by 50% by approximately 2 microM desferrioxamine or 20 microM EDTA and completely inhibited by 10 microM desferrioxamine or 100 microM EDTA. Inhibition of hemoglobin-catalyzed peroxidation was not accompanied by any changes in the absorbance spectra of hemoglobin, indicating that the heme iron was not withdrawn by the inhibitor. Inhibition of hematin-catalyzed peroxidation by desferrioxamine may have been due to iron chelation and removal, as judged from changes in absorbance spectra. The peroxidation was apparently not dependent on hydrogen peroxide since catalase did not inhibit peroxidation but on the contrary promoted it in some cases. PMID- 3149062 TI - [Pathogenetic synopsis of diverticular disease of the female urethra]. AB - Diverticular disease of the female urethra is rare, but not so rare as assumed hitherto. The predominant theory is that diverticula urethrae is secondary to infection of the glandulae paraurethrales, but they can be easily pared out, and this together with their three-dimensional appearance with subdivision in side, undermines this theory. On the other hand, the known fact that urethral diverticula can be observed in female babies and girls of school age and also in urethral moulds of healthy young women, in which widened urethral glands can be found, supports the idea of a congenital origin. The irritability of the female urethra results from the fact that it is made up of two germ layers. Inflammation of paraurethral ducts causes secondary widening of small congenital diverticula of the female urethra. Proximally located diverticula can irritate sphincter function, as does invasive treatment. In some cases endoscopic therapy might be justified rather than plastic surgical removal via the vagina. The history, symptoms, diagnostis, histology and secondary pathology are indicated only very briefly. PMID- 3149063 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of sensitization of lymphoid cells to normal tissue and bacterial antigens]. PMID- 3149064 TI - [Use of lasers in the treatment of acute suppurative lactation mastitis]. AB - The efficiency of CO2-laser in treatment of 104 patients with acute lactation mastitis is shown. The application of the laser technique helped to make the period of treatment of the patients 1,5-2 times shorter as compared with a control group, to make the incidence of recidivations 3,8 times less frequent. PMID- 3149065 TI - [A rare cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3149066 TI - [Perforation of small-intestinal diverticulum]. PMID- 3149067 TI - Gas exchange during xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in neonatal calves. AB - Ten neonatal calves were anesthetized with xylazine and ketamine intramuscularly and breathed air spontaneously. Drug injection was repeated after 45 minutes. Each injection resulted in a rapid and sustained increase in respiratory rate, but arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) increased, indicating hypoventilation. Arterial hypoxemia, primarily caused by hypoventilation, developed within 15 minutes of each injection, but gradually disappeared. Acidemia was primarily respiratory in origin. Heart rate and arterial blood pressure decreased for the duration of anesthesia (90 minutes). This form of anesthesia is a satisfactory alternative to inhalation anesthesia of neonatal calves. PMID- 3149068 TI - Elevated serum IgA associated with immunoproliferative enteropathy of Basenji dogs: lack of evidence for alpha heavy-chain disease or enhanced intestinal IgA secretion. AB - Immunoglobulin isotypes in serum and intestinal secretions of Basenji dogs with chronic diarrhea, asymptomatic Basenji dogs, and healthy control dogs were quantitated and their molecular sizes characterized to detect alpha-chain, gamma chain, or mu-chain fragments. Quantitation of immunoglobulin isotypes in serum showed that affected Basenjis have significantly elevated serum IgA values as compared to asymptomatic Basenjis and normal control dogs. However, IgA concentrations in intestinal wash fluids were not significantly different for the three groups. Immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) demonstrated that virtually all IgA was in the dimeric form. Using IEP and immunoselection, we were unable to detect evidence for the presence of alpha chain or other heavy-(H)-chain fragments. Hyperimmune serum obtained from rabbits immunized with serum or a globulin fraction of affected Basenjis also failed to detect H-chain fragments. The results of this study indicate that immunoproliferative enteropathy of Basenjis resembles closely the nonsecretory form of human immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID). PMID- 3149070 TI - Data needs for policy analysis of long-term care. PMID- 3149069 TI - Interference with the humoral immune response in diverse genetic lines of chickens. I. The effect of carrageenan. AB - Two experiments were conducted in which the effect of carrageenan (CGN) on humoral immune response of chicks selected on either high (H) or low (L) antibody production to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was determined. H and L line chicks were injected i.p. with different doses of CGN prior to immunization with SRBC or Brucella abortus (BA). Four weeks later chicks were reimmunized with the same antigens. In general, control H and L chicks had significantly higher total anti SRBC titers than CGN-treated chicks in primary response. Also, total anti-BA titers were significantly higher in control chicks than CGN-treated chicks on days 3 and 5 following primary immunization and on days 0 and 7 of the secondary response. Overall, the 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME)-resistant anti-SRBC titers did not differ significantly among the CGN-treated groups. However, control chicks tended to have higher anti-BA 2ME-resistant titers from day 14 p.i. of primary response on. Regardless of antigen or CGN treatment, the H line chicks had significantly higher titers than L line chicks. However, the CGN treatments did not affect the antibody response to BA nor to SRBC differently between L and H line chicks. It would appear that since CGN is cytotoxic for macrophages, selection for antibody production did not result in different abilities of the macrophages of these chicken lines to respond to an antigenic challenge. PMID- 3149071 TI - Data requirements for long-term care insurance. PMID- 3149072 TI - Economic data and the analysis of health-related issues of the elderly. PMID- 3149073 TI - [Various mechanisms of immune homeostasis in myocardial infarction]. AB - Dynamic alterations and interrelationships of the patterns of humoral immunity (immunoglobulins and immune complexes) were studied in 77 patients with myocardium infarction and in 23 healthy donors. Stimulation of immunity homeostasis in the patients with acute form of myocardium infarction was manifested as an increase in content of immunoglobulins and immune complexes. Content of immunoglobulin G was distinctly decreased in epistenocardic pericarditis. High rate of correlations was found between the patterns studied in healthy persons (r = 0.7 = 0.85). During the acute period of myocardium infarction disbalance of homeostasis was observed, which was expressed as a decrease in the correlation coefficient down to r = 0.41 = 0.54. An increase in the interrelation and redistribution of the argument-functional parameters were detected in dynamics of the disease. PMID- 3149074 TI - [Isolation and identification of products of accumulation in Fabry disease]. AB - Three fractions of glycolipids--monohexosylceramide, dihexosylceramide (DHC) and trihexosylceramide (THC) were isolated from kidney of patient with Fabry disease. As compared with normal state amount of DHC and THC was increased in the patient kidney 9-19-fold and 15-26-fold, respectively. Gas liquid chromatography showed that the DHC fraction consisted in digalactosylceramide, while the THC fraction- a mixture of digalactosylglucosylceramide (90%) and trigalactosylceramide (10%). Presence of the latter glycolipid was not early found in human body both in normal state and in Fabry disease. Accumulation of DHC and THC was also detected in urine precipitates of the patients using thin-layer chromatography, whereas these substances were not found in urine of one of the patients daughter, who was heterozygote gene carrier of Fabry disease. The data obtained corroborate the Fabry disease presence, which have been predetermined by means of clinical diagnosis as well as basing on deficiency of alpha-D-galactosidase in blood plasma and leukocytes. PMID- 3149076 TI - [Diverticula of the digestive canal]. PMID- 3149075 TI - Distribution of blood gases, glucose and lactate within stored blood units. AB - The distribution of respiratory gases, hydrogen ions, glucose and lactate were studied in red cells suspended in SAGM solution and stored undisturbed at +4 degrees C in plastic (PVC) bags. After 42 days' storage there were considerable concentration differences between the supernatant and the red cell layer, as well as concentration gradients within the latter. Thus, pO2, sO2, pH and the glucose concentration were higher in the supernatant and pCO2 and the lactate concentration were higher in the red cell layer. These findings show that sampling from the mixed content of blood which has been stored sedimented in plastic containers will not be representative for the erythrocyte environment at the end of shelf life. This is of importance in attempts to understand storage effects on red cells. PMID- 3149078 TI - [EEG changes in early summer meningoencephalitis]. AB - The nature and extent of EEG changes in 114 patients with tick-borne encephalitis were reported. The diagnosis was confirmed by the clinical picture, as well as the pathological increase in cells in the liquor and serologically by positive Ig M titres. EEG findings were compared in patients with or without involvement of the brain. The EEG revealed pathological results in 76 patients, whereby the dominant pathological change was frequently occurring synchronous bursts of generalized slow bilateral waves. 12 patients with involvement of the brain all showed pathological EEG changes, a much higher rate than in the remaining patients and these findings were also more marked. However, 64 patients with clinical evidence of meningitic involvement showed pathological EEG changes, too. PMID- 3149077 TI - [Discrimination between epileptic and non-epileptic seizures using defined prolactin studies]. AB - Prolactin blood levels (HPRL) increase within 20 minutes postictally after generalized epileptic, especially generalized tonic-clonic seizures and return to normal values within one hour. Elevated HPRL levels were also observed after complex partial seizures, but usually in less extent, exceeding normal ranges only slightly. Therefore baselin HPRL measurements are necessary for estimation of spontaneous fluctuations in comparison to changes after seizures. Unchanged PRL levels after attacks do not support their epileptic origin. Rage attacke showed no clear pattern of PRL changes. PMID- 3149079 TI - [Human natural killer activity in selected test systems and tissue compartments: natural killer cell modulation by biological response modifiers]. AB - In order to evaluate the effect of biological response modifiers on NK- and NK like activity, interferons were tested in the single cell cytotoxicity assay (SCCA) with various effector/target combinations. alpha Interferon (IFN-alpha) significantly augmented the cytolysis of K 562 in vitro by non-adherent peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal donors without any influence on the binding capacity. Similarly, in vivo, the intraperitoneal administration of gamma Interferon (IFN-gamma) to patients with ovarian carcinomas resulted in a significant increase in the autologous cytotoxicity in the ascitic compartment. Nevertheless the autologous total killer activity was not improved owing to the countercurrent trend of the conjugate formation. Moreover, we detected a discrepancy in the development of the autologous and allogenic parameters as a result of the strong effects of the peritumorally administered IFN on the effusion tumour cells. In order to investigate the role of epidermal NK-like activity in immunosurveillance we tested epidermal cells as effectors against K 562 and the long-term cultured melanoma cell line RIMA. The SCCA detected the ability of conjugate formation without any cytotoxicity, augmentable significantly and in a dose-related manner by IFN-gamma, as the only one of ten tested biological response modifiers. PMID- 3149080 TI - Appropriate diagnostic technology in the management of cardiovascular diseases. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. PMID- 3149081 TI - Can we control health care costs? PMID- 3149082 TI - Effect of rioprostil, an oral prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) analogue, on lower esophageal sphincter pressure and on the motility of the distal esophagus in healthy volunteers. AB - The influence of rioprostil on the resting pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LESP) and on the bolus-stimulated contraction wave amplitude of primary peristalsis was investigated in 9 healthy male volunteers receiving placebo or 300 and 600 micrograms of rioprostil orally in a randomised, double blind, threefold cross over study. Manometry was performed using the low compliance pneumohydraulic infusion system. Rioprostil in a dose of 600 micrograms slightly increased LESP and contraction wave amplitudes measured 5 cm and 10 cm above LES. The duration of the peristaltic contractions was not altered. We conclude that rioprostil in doses which inhibit effectively gastric acid and pepsin secretion and heal peptic ulcers has no inhibitory effects on esophageal motility. Thus rioprostil may be a candidate to treat reflux esophagitis and studies are warranted to establish its efficacy. PMID- 3149083 TI - [Detection of antibodies to Neisseria gonorrhoeae in cervicovaginal secretion and in serum]. AB - In 33 female patients suffering from gonorrhoea, we searched for specific antibodies (IgA, IgG, IgM) directed against gonococci by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique. This investigation was performed both before and after specific treatment. In comparison to 17 healthy women, we found increased rates of IgA and IgG antibodies in the secretion of our patients, the IgA rate being slightly higher than the IgG count; IgM was not detectable at all. In the serum, IgG antibodies clearly dominated over IgA and IgM. After successful treatment, IgA antibodies showed a more rapid reduction than IgG in both secretion and serum. PMID- 3149085 TI - [Distribution and extent of hemophilic arthropathy in adulthood in severe factor VIII deficiency]. AB - This study deals with the distribution and extent of hemophilic arthropathy in 52 adult patients suffering from severe hemophilia A. A clinical and radiological score-evaluation of knee, ankle and elbow joints was undertaken, 4.7 of 6 examined joints proved to be affected in the third life-decade in the average, the extent of destruction being most pronounced at the knee joints. A rather close correlation of clinical and radiological signs was found to exist only related to the knee joints. PMID- 3149086 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of dumping syndrome following Nissen fundoplication with reference to pathogenetic aspects]. AB - Between 1982 and 1987 27 Nissen's fundoplications were carried out in our institution. Postoperatively 7 infants showed a typical dumping syndrome. The symptoms were irritability, pallor, sweating, tachycardia, lethargy, diarrhoea and vomiting. In all cases an absolute refusal of feeding was observed. The diagnosis was confirmed by a typical early postprandial hyperglycaemia with hyperinsulinaemia leading to a reactive hypoglycaemia. Additionally, we were able to demonstrate an increased HbA1c as an expression of recurrent hyperglycaemias in 3 infants. In 6 infants the dumping syndrome was of short duration and the symptoms disappeared after application of a so-called dumping diet. In this diet the easily resorbable carbohydrates are replaced by uncooked starch. But in one case we were forced to use continuous enteral nutrition because of persistence of the symptoms 1 year after the Nissen fundoplication. Complete refusal of feeding is an early symptom of the dumping syndrome. If this symptom is observed after a Nissen's fundoplication, a dumping syndrome must be excluded. PMID- 3149084 TI - [Flecainide-induced hepatitis]. AB - Flecainide was given to a patient in a dose of 150 mg twice daily to convert a newly developed atrial fibrillation; concomitant therapy was unchanged. After the fourth dose the patient complained of upper abdominal pain and nausea. GOT and GPT, normal at admission to the hospital, became markedly elevated and reached a maximum of 960 IU/I (GOT) and 993 IU/I (GPT) one day later, although the enzymes which indicate cholestasis remained at a normal level or did not increase. On the assumption of a drug-induced allergic reaction, flecainide was withdrawn, after which liver enzymes rapidly returned to control values. Although neither a reexposition with flecainide nor a liver biopsy was obtained, a flecainide induced hepatitis seems probable. PMID- 3149087 TI - [Clinical effectiveness and tolerance of auranofin in patients with chronic polyarthritis. Results of a multicenter long-term study]. AB - In an open multicenter trial, 90 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were treated with a daily dose of 6 mg auranofin. The duration of the treatment was 12 months. A significant improvement in the following parameters was observed: grip strength, number of swollen and painful joints after the 4th month, blood erythrocyte sedimentation rate decreased significantly after the 2nd month. Of the 90 patients, 56 (62.3%) completed the therapy, in 14 (15.5%) it was discontinued because of side effects and in 8 (8.9%) because of inefficacy. 12 patients (13.3%) stated other reasons for discontinuing the therapy (non compliance). The reported side-effects were mostly gastrointestinal, especially diarrhoea and loose stools. The evaluation of results referring to the duration of the disease shows that patients with a duration of less than 2 years reacted better to the improvement with auranofin therapy than patients with a longer sickness history. PMID- 3149088 TI - [Fever in rheumatic diseases--the spectrum of causes and diagnostic guidelines]. AB - The review presents a systematic approach to the diagnostic problem of fever in combination with inflammatory rheumatic symptoms, specifically, in regards to: actual concepts of the pathogenesis of fever in various rheumatic diseases, fever as expression of disease activity, fever as a warning sign of complications in the course of disease and its treatment (infections, drug-induced fever, fever following drug withdrawal, secondary neoplasias), fever and inflammatory rheumatic symptoms as manifestation of non-rheumatic diseases. Based on the literature and information provided by pharmaceutical companies, a survey is given on the frequency of fever as a negative side-effect of the most commonly used drugs in rheumatology. PMID- 3149089 TI - [Conservative treatment of clavicular fractures]. PMID- 3149090 TI - [Status of sonography in the diagnosis of the pathologic shoulder]. PMID- 3149091 TI - [Experiences with 160 operated rotator cuff ruptures]. PMID- 3149092 TI - [Bone screw osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures with reference to the dynamic hip screw]. PMID- 3149093 TI - [Post-traumatic late damage following epiphyseal injuries of the distal end of the femur]. PMID- 3149095 TI - [Periosteal rein-plasty, a simple and safe method in the treatment of chronic fibular instability of the upper ankle joint]. PMID- 3149094 TI - [Injuries of the proximal tibial epiphysis]. PMID- 3149096 TI - [Indications and limits of conservative and surgical organ preservation in kidney trauma]. PMID- 3149097 TI - Achievements in application of recombinant DNA technology for creation of industrial microorganisms. PMID- 3149098 TI - SOS chromotest, a quantitative short-term bacterial assay for the detection of genotoxic compounds in an automated version adapted to Bioscreen Analyzer System. AB - The SOS chromotest is a simple quantitative short-term bacterial assay for the detection of genotoxic activity of pure chemicals or complex samples. The test is based on the measurement of the induction of the SOS response by xenobiotics which cause damage in replicating or non replicating DNA. The assay has been originally developed as a test-tube method but has recently been modified and extensively evaluated (Quillardet and Hofnung 1985, Quillardet et al. 1985). In an attempt to automate the SOS chromotest a manual test procedure based on microtiter plates (Orgenics Ltd. 1986) has been further adapted to Bioscreen analyzer system (Labsystems OY, Helsinki, Finland). In this application the test is controlled by a self-contained, interactive programme and makes use of a kinetic measure principle for quantifying the enzymatic activities to be evaluated. The present experiences with the automated version of the SOS chromotest indicate its usefulness as primary screening method or part of a battery of bacterial short-term tests for genotoxins and point out its remarkable practical advantages. PMID- 3149099 TI - [Menstrual cycle stimulation in the in vitro fertilization program--effects on estrogen and progesterone receptors of the endometrium]. AB - Clomiphene in combination with human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) or HMG alone was used for ovarian stimulation in the IVF program. In 41 cases without embryo transfer (ova could not be obtained or fertilised) 7-8 days after laparoscopy on endometrial biopsy was performed. Serum steroid hormone levels were estimated at the same day and in the time before follicular puncture. Histological classification of the received endometrium and the determination of the kinetic parameters of cytosolic estrogen and progesterone receptors were carried out. A strong correlation exists between histological results and receptor properties. Luteal phase defects are not only connected with a significant decrease of receptor binding capacity but also an increase of the dissociation constants occurs. Clomiphene HMG treatment results in general reduction of binding affinity of the cytosolic estrogen receptor. No correlation was found between the serum hormone levels at day of biopsy and the endometrial histology or receptor parameters on the other hand. PMID- 3149101 TI - Homology: a comparative or a historical concept? AB - The meaning of the word 'homology' has changed. From being a comparative concept in pre-Darwinian times, it became a historical concept, strictly signifying a common evolutionary origin for either anatomical structures or genes. This historical understanding of homology is not useful in classification; therefore I propose a return to its pre-Darwinain meaning. PMID- 3149100 TI - [Prolactin stimulation using the metoclopramide test in females taking oral contraceptives]. AB - In 31 patients taking oral contraceptives (o.c.) for a period between 1 year to more than 3 years, basal serum prolactin levels and metoclopramide induced prolactin values were determined 30 and 60 minutes following an i.v. injection of 10 mg of metoclopramide. The basal prolactin levels were elevated in 7 women to more than 1,000 mU l. The 3 groups of patients taking o.c. with different estrogen doses showed higher drug induced increase of their prolactin levels than the controls. These differences were statistically significant between groups I and III and the control group. No differences could be found between the challenged values of the users groups. The prolactin increase challenged with 200 micrograms TRH in 5 women under o.c. was considerably smaller than that observed in the metoclopramide groups, but exceeded the TRH induced levels found in the controls. The significance of these findings is discussed with special reference to the promotion of prolactinomas. PMID- 3149102 TI - Postoperative pancreatitis after biliary and gastric operations. AB - Based on review of the literature and on their own material, authors have established that pancreatitis, following biliary and gastric operations, develops mostly at interventions performed on the papilla of Vater and/or around its region. The characteristic signs of the early postoperative. (2nd-4th day) pancreatitis are essentially confined to the pancreas (i.e. necrosis, abscess, erosion, bleeding, fistula). The time of early surgical intervention and the type of solution vary by patients. Recognition of the spreading of autolysis is possible by sonographic or computer tomographic control which also help in diagnosing further complications and indicating additional operations. Prognosis is poor and lethality is high and, consequently, the gastric or biliary operations involving the papilla of Vater or its region should be performed with particular caution. Postoperative pancreatitis can be a specific risk-factor of these operations. PMID- 3149104 TI - [Pulp therapy in the deciduous dentition. Formocresol vs. glutaraldehyde, a review of the literature]. PMID- 3149103 TI - Sympathetic activation on effort in patients with chronic heart failure. Long term effects of captopril. AB - Ten patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) (NYHA II-IV) on adjusted doses of digitalis and diuretics underwent a careful clinical assessment including an evaluation of exertion dyspnoea and the usual echocardiographic indices of cardiac performance. A cardiopulmonary exercise test with an increment of 20W every 3 minutes was prolonged until exhaustion. Systemic arterial pressure, ECG, VO2, VCO2 and VE were monitored throughout. Gas tensions, plasma catecholamines and lactate were measured in blood samples taken at the first and third minute of each exercise stage. The above measurements were carried out before and after 3 months of treatment with Captopril, 50 mg b.i.d. or t.i.d. A highly significant correlation between arterial lactate and plasma norepinephrine (NE) was observed in each patient during both exercise tests (r = 0.77 to 0.99; p less than 0.05 at least). Left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions were reduced by Captopril (from 69.9 +/- 1.7 to 65.2 +/- 1.4 mm, p less than 0.01) along with a concomitant increase in percent fractional shortening. Most of the patients were reclassified at a lower NYHA class and a significant decrease in dyspnoea score was observed. The exercise time was significantly increased (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 12.9 +/- 1.9 min; p less than 0.05), but the peak values of NE, arterial lactate and VO2 were not affected by the treatment. The predicted value of VE at a VCO2 of 1 L/min, regarded as an index of dyspnoea, was significantly decreased by Captopril (from 41.4 +/- 2.9 to 38.9 +/- 2.7 L/min; p less than 0.05). The positive effects of long-term treatment with Captopril on cardiac performance in CHF are confirmed. Sympathetic activity is linked to anaerobic muscular metabolism during exercise and seems to be independent of pharmacological ACE inhibition. The discrepancy between the exercise tolerance and the peak VO2 might be explained by a better utilization of the available energy. PMID- 3149106 TI - [Analysis of the outcome of labor in Rh incompatibility]. PMID- 3149105 TI - Rapid improvement in insulin binding to erythrocyte insulin receptors in non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus during therapy. AB - Insulin binding to erythrocyte receptors was studied in 36 newly diagnosed male subjects with NIDDM, treated with diet alone (Group I; n = 10) or diet + glibenclamide (Group II; n = 12) or diet + glibenclamide + metformin (Group III; n = 14). Fourteen matched non-diabetic subjects were also studied as controls. Initially, mean (+/- SD) specific insulin binding was lower in NIDDM patients than in controls (p less than 0.001), due to decreased receptor number and affinity. Control of diabetes with short-term therapy (10 +/- 2 days) resulted in significantly increased specific insulin binding in Groups II and III (p less than 0.001). A marginal increase was observed in Group I (p less than 0.01). The improved insulin binding observed in Group II and III patients after short-term therapy was maintained even after long-term therapy (9 +/- 1 months). Analysis of the insulin binding data by Scatchard plots and average affinity profiles indicated increased receptor number and affinity after short-term therapy. However, changes in affinity were reversed with long-term therapy in Groups II and III and the predominant effect appeared to be an increase in the number of binding sites. PMID- 3149107 TI - [Study of the problem of Rh incompatibility based on the data from the II Obstetrical Clinic, Medical Academy, in Wroclaw]. PMID- 3149108 TI - [Effect of obstetrical procedures on the incidence and intensity of Rh incompatibility]. PMID- 3149109 TI - [Study of maternal and fetal blood flow in Rh incompatibility]. PMID- 3149110 TI - [Results of the use of plasmapheresis in the treatment of Rh incompatibility]. PMID- 3149111 TI - [Errors in the prevention of Rh incompatibility]. PMID- 3149112 TI - [A case of isolated ascites in Rh incompatibility]. PMID- 3149113 TI - [Anti-c antibodies as a cause of severe form of hemolytic disease of the newborn]. PMID- 3149115 TI - [Hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by rarely occurring antibodies to various blood group systems]. PMID- 3149114 TI - [Hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by anti-c antibodies. Case report]. PMID- 3149116 TI - [Effect of exchange transfusion on various parameters of biochemical equilibrium in newborn infants]. PMID- 3149117 TI - [Effectiveness of phototherapy in the treatment of jaundice caused by ABO and Rh blood group incompatibility]. PMID- 3149118 TI - [Hypoglycemia in hemolytic disease of the newborn]. PMID- 3149119 TI - [Clinical picture and the course of infection in hemolytic disease of the newborn]. PMID- 3149120 TI - Binding of swine IgM immunoglobulins to peripheral nerve myelin sheaths in electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. AB - The IgM fraction of normal swine serum (NSS) was found to adhere to human peripheral nerve myelin sheaths from randomly selected neuropathies and control nerves in electron microscopic immunocytochemical assays. The reaction could be blocked by preincubation with undiluted fetal calf serum (FCS), whereas endoneurial background staining was already abolished by preincubation with 10% FCS. Only the IgM, but not the IgG or the IgA fraction of NSS adhered to peripheral nerve tissue. Such strong adherence of one of the components in an immunocytochemical assay may be a source of misinterpretation. Binding of swine IgM to human peripheral nerve myelin has not been described before and is of interest in the discussion about IgM binding to myelin-associated glycoprotein in IgM gammopathies. PMID- 3149121 TI - Structural changes in the rat brain after carotid infusions of hyperosmolar solutions. An electron microscopic study. AB - Infusion of hypertonic solutions into the carotid artery is one method by which the blood-brain barrier (BBB) can be opened transiently in experimental animals. This technique has also been tried in clinical situations in which an enhanced uptake of intravenously injected chemotherapeutic drugs into the brain is desired. We have previously found that infusion of hypertonic mannitol or urea into the carotid artery of the rat, leading to a BBB opening, is associated with light microscopic signs of cellular damage in the brain parenchyma. An electron microscopic study has now been made to obtain more detailed information about the events taking place in the rat brain 1 to 72 h after an intracarotid infusion of hyperosmolar solution of mannitol. Toluidine blue-stained semithin epon sections were also available for high-resolution light microscopy of brain samples from urea-infused animals. Intravenously injected Evan's blue dye was used to confirm that BBB opening had occurred as a consequence of the carotid infusions. The infused hemispheres had numerous structural changes. The dominating light microscopic alteration was the presence of multifocal lesions in the gray or the white matter with closely packed microvacuoles causing status spongiosus. Ultrastructurally the microvacuoles corresponded to very pronounced watery swelling of astrocytic processes and to a minor degree to expansion of dendrites and axons. There was also a light or moderate perivascular astrocytic swelling. In the "spongy" lesions as well as occasionally in non-vacuolated parts of the cerebral cortex, there were collapsed electron-dense neurons with pronounced mitochondrial alterations such as severe swelling associated with rupture of christae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3149122 TI - Progressive supranuclear palsy: extensive neuropil threads in addition to neurofibrillary tangles. Very similar antigenicity of subcortical neuronal pathology in progressive supranuclear palsy and Alzheimer's disease. AB - Light microscopic immunohistochemical investigations were performed on neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in four histologically confirmed cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in five patients with a progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The antibody panel included antisera to the neuronal microtubule associated protein, tau, and to isolated paired helical filaments (PHF), as well as mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to phosphorylated epitopes on high and medium molecular weight neurofilament subunits (RT97 and BF10, respectively). Paraffin sections were also impregnated with the Gallyas silver method, which specifically stains tangles and cortical neuropil threads in AD, but does not stain normal neurofilaments. All tangles in PSP and AD showed consistent immunostaining with antibodies to tau protein and isolated PHF, regardless of their localization. MAbs RT97 and BF10, however, did not stain or only weakly stained, subcortical tangles in PSP and AD, whereas most cortical NFT in AD were intensely immunostained. All tangles in PSP were as heavily impregnated with Gallyas as they were in AD. Furthermore there were extensive networks of Gallyas positive, tau- and PHF-immunoreactive neurites in subcortical gray areas containing NFT, and bundles of positive axons in white matter tracts interconnecting subcortical nuclei of PSP. Our studies indicate a much more extensive disruption of fibrillar proteins in PSP subcortical neurons than previously reported. They furthermore indicate a very similar antigenic profile of NFT in PSP and AD, as far as subcortical neurons are concerned. PMID- 3149123 TI - Chromatolytic neurons in Werdnig-Hoffmann disease contain phosphorylated neurofilaments. AB - Two cases of Werdnig-Hoffman disease are described. Chromatolytic neurons were found within the ventral horns of the spinal cord as well as in dorsal root ganglia, Clarke's column, cranial nerve nuclei and thalamus. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated phosphorylated neurofilament antigen within the cytoplasm of the chromatolytic neurons. This finding suggests that a defect in slow axonal transport or in the regulation of neurofilament phosphorylation may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. PMID- 3149124 TI - Induced abortion: Chlamydia trachomatis and postabortal complications. A cost benefit analysis. AB - The overall prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis among 873 abortion-seeking women was 9.3% during 1985. Significantly higher age-specific prevalences of C. trachomatis occurred among younger women (p less than 0.001). None of 17 women treated for C. trachomatis before the abortion was carried out, was readmitted to the hospital. Of 64 Chlamydia-positive women, who commenced treatment within the first 2 weeks after the abortion was carried out, 14.1% were readmitted to the hospital, compared with 5.7% of Chlamydia-negative women (p less than 0.02). Postabortal salpingitis was verified at readmission among 10.9% of Chlamydia positive women and 3.2% of Chlamydia-negative women (p less than 0.01). An analysis of screening of all abortion-seeking women is estimated to be worthwhile when the prevalence of C. trachomatis exceeds 4.3%. We recommend screening for Chlamydia trachomatis of all abortion-seeking women, 30 years or younger, at the pre-abortion visit, provided that treatment can be completed before the abortion is carried out. PMID- 3149125 TI - What can pediatricians do for the children in Asia in the 21st century? (the Philippine vision). PMID- 3149127 TI - Bone evaluation by microdensitometry in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3149126 TI - Significance of fibrin/fibrinogen related antigen in glomeruli in children with IgA nephropathy. PMID- 3149128 TI - Mothers' attitudes towards children's three-year health examination. PMID- 3149130 TI - Blood ammonium level in low birth weight infants in relation to arginine intake. PMID- 3149129 TI - Neonatal hypothyroid screening using enzymeimmunoassay of thyrotropin--comparison with radioimmunoassay. PMID- 3149131 TI - Deletion of the distal long arm of chromosome 1: an analytical approach may contribute to the diagnosis. PMID- 3149132 TI - A patient with ring 9 chromosome 46,XY,r(9)(p24.1q34.3). PMID- 3149133 TI - Hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus type-2. PMID- 3149135 TI - Bone marrow necrosis associated with medulloblastoma. PMID- 3149136 TI - Studies of the luteinization process in the rat: development of catecholamine response on progesterone production during the peri-ovulatory period. AB - The present study was undertaken to investigate whether pre-ovulatory follicles have an adrenergic response in terms of progesterone production. Extirpated pre ovulatory follicles obtained both before and after the endogenous gonadotropin surge and newly formed corpora lutea were obtained from the PMSG rat ovulatory model. Follicles and corpora lutea were incubated for 120 min in MEM with Earle's salt and 10 mM Hepes, 37 degrees C, pH 7.4 and 100% oxygen, with 30 microM noradrenaline or 10 micrograms ml-1 LH-B9). Pre-ovulatory follicles were barely stimulable by noradrenaline, while newly formed corpora lutea responded markedly. Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels significantly increased progesterone accumulation in all groups. In order to determine whether preovulatory follicles need intact surrounding tissue for an adrenergic response on progesterone production, pieces of ovaries containing pre-ovulatory follicles were incubated. No significant effect of noradrenaline or adrenaline was seen, while LH had a substantial effect. The results show that catecholamines acutely exert a selective effect on steroidogenesis in the ovary with a marked stimulatory effect on corpora lutea and a marginal effect on the pre-ovulatory follicle. PMID- 3149134 TI - Isolated tricuspid valve endocarditis in a child with a normal heart. PMID- 3149138 TI - [Studies on pyrazine derivatives. XXII. Synthesis and tuberculostatic activity of the products of reactions of pyrazinyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thione with amines]. PMID- 3149137 TI - Effects of oxygen free radical scavengers, xanthine oxidase inhibition and calcium entry-blockers on leakage of albumin after ischaemia. An experimental study in rabbit kidneys. AB - The effect of pretreatment with various substances protecting against oxygen free radicals on the leakage of proteins across the vessel walls of rabbit kidneys induced by ischaemia has been studied. The leakage of proteins was estimated from the difference between the 120-min distribution space of [131I]albumin and the 5 min distribution space of [125I]albumin, the latter mainly measuring the intravascular volume. Neither SOD (superoxide dismutase), catalase, allopurinol or two different Ca2+ channel blockers (nifedipine, felodipine) could alone reduce the leakage induced by ischaemia. A combined pretreatment with SOD, catalase and nifedipine reduced the leakage in the cortex, and pretreatment with mannitol alone reduced the leakage in the cortex and outer stripe of the medulla. The results indicate that oxygen free radicals are involved in the leakage of proteins across the vessel walls induced by ischaemia, but that other mechanisms are involved as well. PMID- 3149139 TI - [Synthesis of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives with potential tuberculostatic action]. PMID- 3149140 TI - Heart and heart-lung transplantation. PMID- 3149141 TI - Biochemical studies on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 3149142 TI - Adverse reactions to gold compounds. PMID- 3149143 TI - QALYS and long-term care for elderly people in the UK: scales for assessment of quality of life. AB - QALYs have developed in the UK as a tool for comparing the outcome of health care procedures in a single index over time. This tool can then be used, along with information on costs of procedures, in decision-making about health service resource allocation. It is shown that the attributes of disability and distress, on which QALYs are presently based in the UK, are insensitive to changes in the health status of elderly people in long-term care when compared to other measures of quality of life which are frequently used in studies of older people. Thus, if the use of QALYs increases, they should be based on attributes appropriate to the groups studied, otherwise certain groups may be discriminated against in health service resource allocation owing to the use of an insensitive measure of outcome. PMID- 3149144 TI - Long-term oral anticoagulant therapy in elderly patients. AB - Forty-nine patients aged 65-89 years, treated for 6 months-6 years (mean 3.9 years) over a total of 195 patient years, were studied. The efficacy of anticoagulant control or the occurrence of complications or treatment failures did not vary with the age, sex, social status, mobility, visual acuity, domiciliary supervision of medication or the indication for anticoagulation. A significant correlation was observed between the concomitant drug therapy and anticoagulant control (P less than 0.001) but not with the occurrence of complications and treatment failures. Poor anticoagulant control was observed particularly in those receiving drugs known to potentiate warfarin effect and in whom more changes were made to their concomitant drug therapy. Five patients who experienced six non-fatal haemorrhages (two major and four minor) showed poor overall anticoagulant control from the outset (P less than 0.01). The treatment failure rate was 4%. PMID- 3149145 TI - [Trapping role of mucin]. PMID- 3149146 TI - [Statistical study on the partial pressure of arterial blood carbon dioxide as a risk factor in retinopathy of prematurity]. PMID- 3149147 TI - Ocular hypotelorism, submucosal cleft palate, and hypospadias: a new autosomal dominant syndrome. AB - A syndrome characterized by ocular hypotelorism, submucosal cleft palate, and hypospadias in males was found in ten relatives over five generations of a family. Other anomalies are blepharophimosis, upslant of palpebral fissures, and a tendency to cutaneous syndactyly of 3rd and 4th fingers as well as 2nd and 3rd toes. Autosomal dominant inheritance is likely. PMID- 3149148 TI - Carrier detection in hemophilia A: ABO blood group, multiple measurements, and application of logistic discrimination. AB - In healthy 20- to 50-year-old women, the ABO blood group has a significant effect on levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF:Ag, formerly VIIIR:Ag) and on factor VIII activity (F.VIII:C). However, there is no significant effect of ABO group or subject age on the ratio log e(F.VIII:C/VWF:Ag). Multiple measurements of the "ratio" on possible carriers of hemophilia A may be combined with pedigree information using logistic discrimination to yield final risk assessment. To reduce misclassification of carriers as normal women, a lower limit, specified by the logistic model, is set on the logistic carrier probabilities. In this study, the proportion of blood group A for a population of obligate carriers was significantly higher than that expected for the general population (60% vs. 42%); for a population of control women it was lower than expected (22.5 vs. 42%). The effect for the carriers came primarily from daughters of affected fathers, as 81.3% were of blood group A. These observations indicate that a "universal" discriminant should be applied with caution. PMID- 3149150 TI - Neurofibromatosis in Papua New Guinea. PMID- 3149149 TI - Juvenile galactosialidosis in a white male: a new variant. AB - We describe a 19-year-old white male with juvenile galactosialidosis. He presented with hip arthralgia and was found to have facial "coarseness," corneal clouding, mitral and aortic insufficiency, and hepatosplenomegaly. Ultrastructural studies of skin biopsy and peripheral blood lymphocytes showed membrane-bound inclusions containing sparse fibrillogranular material. Biochemical analysis showed elevated urinary sialyloligosaccharides and no free sialic acid. Fibroblast enzyme analysis showed low activities of both alpha neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase. To date, most patients with juvenile galactosialidosis have been Japanese. However, unlike those patients, our patient did not have macular cherry-red spots, neurologic abnormalities, or mental retardation. We speculate that this young man represents a new subtype of juvenile galactosialidosis with a potentially different molecular defect from that of the Japanese variant. PMID- 3149151 TI - A renal mechanism limiting the degree of potassium loss in severely hyperglycemic patients. AB - Potassium (K) secretion in the cortical 'distal nephron' was assessed in vivo in 29 consecutive patients presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS). The only selection criteria applied were that the electrolytes and osmolality be measured in the urine on admission. Five patients with DKA and 3 patients with HHS were reported in detail as plasma aldosterone levels were also measured in these patients on admission. K secretion in the 'cortical distal nephron' was assessed by a semiquantitative index, the transtubular K concentration gradient (TTKG). TTKG values less than 6.0, consistent with less than maximal renal K secretion, were found in 28 of 29 patients despite the presence of hyperkalemia and/or stimuli for renin and aldosterone release. Plasma aldosterone levels on admission were very elevated in 4 patients, at the upper end of the usual normal range in 3 and in the low part of the normal range in 1 patient. Treatment with intravenous saline, KCl and insulin corrected the fluid and electrolyte abnormalities in the plasma over 24 48 h. Concurrently, plasma aldosterone levels fell, but the TTKG rose; this suggest that there was an increased renal tubular response to aldosterone after initial therapy. The mechanism responsible for this reversible impairment of renal K secretion is unknown. It may limit total body K depletion in patients presenting with DKA and HHS by diminishing renal K excretion. PMID- 3149152 TI - Comparison of diclofenac sodium and aspirin in the treatment of acute sports injuries. AB - A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial compared diclofenac sodium (Voltaren, Ciba-Geigy Summit, NJ) with aspirin for the treatment of acute sprains and/or strains of the knee or ankle. One hundred thirty-nine patients were admitted to the study. Patients received either 150 mg (75 mg twice daily) of diclofenac (N = 69) or 3.6 g (1.2 g three times daily) of aspirin (N = 70) for 3 to 10 days. Forty-seven diclofenac patients and 49 aspirin patients, mean age for both groups 25 years, were evaluated to determine the efficacy of each treatment. Both groups experienced significant (P less than 0.001) improvements for all efficacy variables measured. Treating sprains and strains with diclofenac rather than with aspirin allowed an earlier return to activity. Of those patients who achieved playing fitness, those in the diclofenac group resumed athletic activities in a mean of 4.7 days, compared with a mean of 5.9 days for patients in the aspirin group. Although the overall multivariate F was nonsignificant (P = 0.19), the univariate F for days required to resume playing fitness was significantly (P = 0.025) shorter in the diclofenac group. While the nonsignificant multivariate result suggests that the significance may be due to chance, it is also possible that there was a trend toward earlier resumption of activities with diclofenac treatment compared to aspirin, but an insufficient sample size to demonstrate the trend statistically. Since others have reported such a trend without the greater controls of a multivariate analysis, this area warrants further research. PMID- 3149153 TI - [Craniostenosis and pregnancy]. PMID- 3149154 TI - Fibrous papules. A light microscopic and immunohistochemical study. AB - Thirty-six cases of fibrous papules of the face and nose were studied by light microscopy and by immunohistochemistry. Positive staining with antibodies to vimentin and negative staining with antibodies to S-100 protein, alpha 1 antichymotrypsin, and factor VIII-RAG of the spindle, stellate, and multinucleated cells observed in the dermis support a fibroblastic line of differentiation. Fibrous papules of the nose and face are a distinctive clinicopathologic entity that most probably represents an inflammatory rather than a neoplastic process, sharing some histologic features of angiofibromas (angiofibrosis) and perifollicular fibromas (perifollicular fibrosis). PMID- 3149155 TI - [The effect of atropine, fentanyl and alfentanyl on cardiocirculatory parameters and thoracic rigidity in the induction phase of intubation anesthesia]. AB - Fentanyl and alfentanil may cause bradycardia if used in combination with succinylcholine during induction of anaesthesia. We therefore studied the influence of atropine, fentanyl and alfentanil on the haemodynamics of 90 urological patients (ASA I, II), who were allocated at random to six groups containing 15 patients each. Induction of anaesthesia was carried out using atropine 0.01 mg/kg-1, fentanyl 0.15 mg or alfentanil 1.5 mg depending on the assigned group: I atropine + fentanyl, II: atropine + alfentanil, III: fentanyl, IV: alfentanil, V: control (no atropine, no analgetic), VI: atropine. Following 2 mg alcuronium and thiopentone 4 mg/kg-1 intubation was performed with 2 mg/kg-1 succinylcholine. Atropine in combination with fentanyl caused a significant increase in heart rate following endotracheal intubation (p less than 0.05). Arrhythmias occurred in the groups with atropine in 4 out of 45 cases, while a chest wall rigidity was not influenced by atropine. Bradycardia occurred after fentanyl or alfentanil with atropine in the same frequency as without atropine. According to our results the routine use of atropine for induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone/fentanyl or alfentanil even in combination with succinylcholine is not required in ASA I or II patients. PMID- 3149156 TI - [Autologous blood transfusion in anesthesiology]. PMID- 3149157 TI - [Effect of opioids on granulocyte adherence]. AB - The influence of clinically relevant concentrations of fentanyl, alfentanil, morphine, pethidine, and buprenorphine on polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocyte (PMN) adherence was investigated in vitro by using nylon fibre columns. Since none of the drugs produced any significant (p less than 0.05) change of adherence, no evidence of opioid mediated increased risk of postoperative bacterial infection could be found. PMID- 3149159 TI - Professional education and practice of nurse administrators/directors of nursing in long-term care: executive summary. PMID- 3149158 TI - [The energy consumption of patients with craniocerebral trauma and spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in the early postoperative post-traumatic phase]. AB - Indirect calorimetry was performed during the first five days after admission in 18 neurosurgical patients with isolated head - injuries (N = 7) and spontaneous intracranial hemorrhages (N = 11) to determine basal metabolic rates (BMR). In the study group each day BMR varied from 2143 +/- 636 kcal/day to 3371 +/- 1140 kcal/day. Most patients however showed BMR values between 2000 and 2500 kcal/day. Individually BMR values ranged from 60 to 340 percent of normal healthy individuals. Patients with isolated head - injuries showed significant higher metabolic rates than patients with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhages. The authors conclude that an caloric intake of 2000 to 2500 kcal/day is sufficient for parenteral nutrition and usually helps to avoid negative effects of hyperalimentation by overestimation of BMR in this special patient group. PMID- 3149160 TI - Microbial synthesis of L-[15N]leucine L-[15N]isoleucine, and L-[3-13C]-and L-[3' 13C]isoleucines studied by nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - The preparation of leucine and isoleucine labeled with 15N and of site-specific 13C-labeled isoleucines is described. This method is based on the induction of the biosynthetic pathways specific for branched chain amino acids in glutamic acid producing bacteria, and controlled provision of stable isotope labeled precursors. Corynebacterium glutamicum (ATCC 13032), a glutamic acid overproducer, was incubated in leucine production medium which consisted of a basal medium supplemented with [15N]ammonium sulfate, glucose, and sodium alpha ketoisocaproate. production of L-[15N]leucine reached 138 mumol/ml at an isotopic efficiency of 90%. It was purified and checked by proton NMR and GC-MS. The electron impact (EI) spectrum showed 95 atom% enrichment. The cultivation of C. glutamicum in a similar medium containing alpha-ketobutyrate yielded L [15N]isoleucine at a concentration of 120 mumol/ml. The GC-MS EI and chemical ionization (CI) spectra confirmed enrichment of 96 atom% 15N as that of the labeled precursors. The biosynthesis of L-[13C]isoleucine was carried out by induced cells which were transferred to a similar medium in which [2-13C]- or [3 13C]pyruvic acid replaced glucose. 13C NMR of the product isoleucine revealed single-site enrichment at C-3 or at C-3' respective to the precursor [13C]pyruvate; i.e., C-3 was labeled from [2-13C]pyruvate and C-3' from [3 13C]pyruvate. Mass spectrometric analysis confirmed that all molecules were labeled only in one carbon. This site-specific incorporation of [13C]pyruvate is contrasted with the labeling pattern obtained when producing cells were supplied with [2-13C]acetate, instead of pyruvate, when most label was incorporated into carbons 3 and 3' of the same isoleucine molecule. PMID- 3149161 TI - In situ assay of intracellular enzymes of yeast (Kluyveromyces fragilis) by digitonin permeabilization of cell membrane. AB - The yeast, Kluyveromyces fragilis was permeabilized to a number of low-molecular weight substrates using digitonin. The activities of intracellular yeast enzymes, viz., alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), beta-galactosidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, aspartase, and hexokinase were found to be much higher in the permeabilized cells than the untreated cells. The optimum conditions for permeabilization with reference to ADH were 0.1% digitonin at 37 degrees C for 15 min. The ADH activity in permeabilized cells was several-fold higher than that in cell free extracts prepared by either physical or chemical methods. PMID- 3149162 TI - Distribution of Brucella abortus organisms in calves after conjunctival exposure. AB - Thirty calves (3 to 4 months old) were exposed conjunctivally to a pathogenic strain of Brucella abortus. Calves were euthanatized and necropsied at postexposure hours 2 and 4, and at postexposure days (PED) 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, 42, and 49. Selected ocular, pharyngeal, and lymphoid tissues were cultured bacteriologically for brucellae to determine organism distribution. Brucella abortus organisms initially localized in the third eyelids, bulbar conjunctivae, and parotid lymph nodes and were detected in these structures until PED 42, 21, and 49 respectively. In calves euthanatized at PED 7, organisms were in other cranial lymph nodes (mandibular and retropharyngeal), and in calves euthanatized at PED 21, organisms were isolated from peripheral lymphoid tissues. Brucellae were not isolated from mesenteric and bronchial lymph nodes and from the spleen until PED 21. The pattern of isolation indicated that conjunctival exposure probably resulted in entrance of brucellae into the host via ocular tissues. PMID- 3149163 TI - Effect of withholding feed on ventilation and the incidence of regurgitation during halothane anesthesia of adult cattle. AB - Six cows were anesthetized for 90 minutes with 1.5 minimal alveolar concentrations of halothane in oxygen, after 48 hours without food and 12 hours without water. On a separate occasion, the cows were allowed access to feed and water up to the time of induction of anesthesia, with the sequence of feeding vs fasting randomized. Every 15 minutes, measurements were made of end-tidal halothane concentration, arterial blood gas tensions, mean arterial blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates, tidal volume, minute volume, airflow rate, and transpulmonary pressure, and calculations were made of dynamic compliance and pulmonary resistance. Any regurgitation was recorded. Hypoventilation was noticed in all cows, but to a greater degree in fed cows. Fed cows became hypoxemic, whereas arterial oxygen tension did not change in nonfed cows. Alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient, tidal volume, and minute volume did not change. Arterial pH decreased progressively in all cows. Dynamic compliance also decreased progressively in all cows, and was consistently lower in fed cows. Pulmonary resistance tended to increase in all cows, but the increase was significant only in fed cows at 90 minutes. All fed cows became tympanitic, and 2 cows regurgitated a small volume of fluid at 55 minutes. Three nonfed cows regurgitated larger volumes at times ranging from 8 minutes to 85 minutes. PMID- 3149164 TI - [Nutritional support in infection]. PMID- 3149165 TI - Responses of single neurons in the parietoinsular vestibular cortex of primates. AB - 1. Neurons activated by stimulation of the horizontal and/or vertical vestibular semicircular canals were recorded in the parietoinsular vestibular cortex in four awake Java monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) and three squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). Steady tilt in darkness or during illumination of a vertically striped cylinder or of the normal laboratory surroundings did not lead to a significant change in PIVC neuron activity. Thus vestibular input to this cortical region seems to be restricted to signals originating in the semicircular canal receptors. 2. Vestibular stimulation in the three main experimental planes (roll, yaw, and pitch) and in planes in between provided clear evidence that optimum activation can be found in planes that do not coincide with the planes of the semicircular canals but are distributed over all possible spatial planes through the head. 3. Definite evidence of clustering in subdivisions of PIVC of neurons responding to the same optimum rotation plane was obtained in squirrel monkeys and is also suggested to exist in PIVC of Java monkeys. 4. Nearly all neurons responding to vestibular stimulation were also activated by visual large-field movement (optokinetic stimulation). Responses to optokinetic stimuli were always at optimum when the direction of the movement pattern corresponded to the optimum vestibular plane. Two classes of visual-vestibular interaction were found: Synergistic neurons were those PIVC cells with the strongest response to visual movement stimulation in the opposite direction to that leading to a maximum response to vestibular stimulation. Antagonistic neurons had a response maximum when the visual stimulus was moved in the direction of optimum vestibular stimulation. 5. Most PIVC neurons responded to stimulation of the deep mechanoreceptors in the neck region. This input from the neck receptors was tested quantitatively only in the horizontal plane (trunk rotation with the head fixed in space or head rotation with the trunk fixed in space). It interacted with vestibular signals at the PIVC neurons either in an antagonistic or a synergistic manner, the latter meaning activation during rotation of the head in the same direction as that leading to activation induced by semicircular canal stimulation. 6. In addition to the direction-specific vestibular, visual, and neck receptor inputs, a rather complex somatosensory input to PIVC neurons exists, including responses to stimulation of mechanoreceptors of the skin, the muscles, and the joint receptors of legs and arms. Total body vibration also led to activation of some of the neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3149166 TI - Modeling slow phase velocity generation during off-vertical axis rotation. AB - 1. Rotation about an off-vertical axis (OVAR) causes continuous unidirectional nystagmus in darkness. An analysis of the dynamics of the nystagmus suggests that the continuous slow-phase velocity is generated by a signal that is an estimate of the velocity of a traveling wave pattern associated with the excitation and inhibition of the cells of the otolith maculae. The estimated velocity signal then excites the velocity storage integrator. 2. A mathematical model has been developed that shows how the velocity of the traveling wave might be estimated from patterns of otolith activation related to head position. The estimation of velocity is based on a "template matching" algorithm. It is assumed that the signal arising in each cell of the macula is delayed by a certain time (T). As the head rotates in the gravitational field, a delayed pattern representing a previous position of the head is available as a "template" that can be compared to the pattern associated with the present position of the head. 3. The delayed signal level for each cell is approximated from the present pattern by a spatial extrapolation in pattern space using information from the given cell and an adjacent one. The value of the displacement that minimizes the mean square error between the extrapolated and the delayed signal values over all cells gives a best estimate of head rotation (d) in time T. The estimated head velocity is proportional to the estimated head displacement (d) and inversely proportional to the delay time (T). 4. By using a linear spatial extrapolation function and assuming a uniformly spaced distribution of polarization vectors over 360 degrees, sinusoidal spatial patterns are obtained. The formula for the estimated head velocity (w) reduces to a sinusoidal function of angular head velocity (w) and delay time (T). For T = 0.85 seconds, the model predicts that the steady state estimate of head velocity will rise as a function of stimulus velocity (w) to a peak value at w = 50 deg/sec. The estimate then declines for larger values of stimulus velocity (w). This type of behavior is observed in the slow-phase velocity characteristics of OVAR in monkeys. 5. The model predicts that when animals are tilted after prolonged rotation about a vertical axis, the estimate of head velocity is delayed relative to actual head velocity. This accounts for the delay in the buildup of slow-phase velocity during the initial second.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3149167 TI - [A historical case of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis]. PMID- 3149168 TI - [Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinemia]. PMID- 3149169 TI - [Cutaneous plasmacytoma]. PMID- 3149171 TI - Nursing diagnosis, DRGs, and length of stay. PMID- 3149170 TI - Serum copper concentration as an index of cardiopulmonary injury in monocrotaline treated rats. AB - The pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline produces pulmonary inflammation, hemorrhage, fibrosis, and hypertension. In rats, monocrotaline pneumotoxicity can be ameliorated by cotreatment with inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), such as CL242817. In the present study, serum and urine copper (Cu) concentrations were evaluated as indices of cardiopulmonary injury in rats sacrificed after six weeks of continuous administration of monocrotaline (0 to 3.6 mg per kg per day, in the drinking water) or CL242817 (60 mg per kg per day, in the feed), or both. Monocrotaline-treated rats exhibited dose-dependent increases in (1) pulmonary histopathology, (2) pulmonary endothelial dysfunction (decreased lung plasminogen activator activity, and increased prostacyclin and thromboxane production), (3) pulmonary hydroxyproline (collagen) content, and (4) cardiac right ventricular hypertrophy (an anatomic correlate of pulmonary hypertension). The severity of cardiopulmonary damage was accompanied by a dose dependent elevation in serum Cu concentration. Serum iron concentration, in contrast, did not change. Urinary Cu concentration correlated roughly with that of serum, but the variability within groups was high. Cotreatment with the ACE inhibitor CL242817 not only ameliorated monocrotaline-induced right heart enlargement and lung hydroxyproline accumulation but also reduced the hypercupremia in monocrotaline-treated rats. Thus, serum copper concentration appears to be an accurate and minimally invasive index of monocrotaline pneumotoxicity in this model of pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 3149172 TI - Short-term outcomes from an episode of coronary care. PMID- 3149173 TI - [Simple indicators of prevalence and intensity of urinary bilharziasis in Chad]. PMID- 3149175 TI - [Heart and heart-lung transplantation in the child. Indications, methods and results]. AB - Over a 20 month period, 19 children aged 13 days to 15 years (10 under 3 years), received a heart transplantation (isolated: 16 cases, heart-lungs: 3 cases). There were 5 early deaths and 2 during the 3rd postoperative month (total: 44%). Postoperative period is currently over for 8 of the 9 survivors, who lead a normal life, with rather simple constraints: oral cyclosporin-azathioprine immunosuppressive therapy, monthly evaluation in the out-patient department. The method is relatively simple when it concerns heart transplantation. It is quite heavier and complex when it concerns heart-lung transplantation. On the whole, subject to a rigorous selection of the transplant (whose later dysfunction was the major cause of failure, with bacterial or viral infections), these methods find reasonable indications in a number of heart and/or lung malformations or dysfunctions inaccessible to conventional treatments or which used up their resources, making short-term death likely. PMID- 3149174 TI - [Protein intolerance with lysinuria. Value of orotic aciduria in adjusting treatment with citrulline]. AB - A new case of lysinuric protein intolerance is described in a 14 year-old Maghrebian child who presented with growth failure, vertebral osteoporosis, aversion to proteins and digital hippocratism, rarely described in this disease. Orotic aciduria was studied after a protein load with and without citrulline supplement and during the course of a 11 month-treatment. There was a clear relationship between orotic aciduria, protein intake and citrulline supplementation. Orotic aciduria appears to be very useful to adjust the treatment. PMID- 3149176 TI - [Practical aspects in the surveillance of heart and heart-lung grafts in children]. AB - The short and middle term survivors of the 19 transplanted children (heart and heart-lungs) of our program are treated with an association of cyclosporine and azathioprine. The detection of rejection is the main worry and relies on endomyocardial biopsy, but this investigation may be dangerous and lowers the available veins of smaller children. Thus, we use it only for the situations of clinical suspicion (18 times in 20 months in 8 children, which proved rejection 6 times in 3 patients). Renal function supervision is careful and comprises systematic renal biopsy; tubulo-interstitial lesions were constant: minimal 3 times, moderate 3 times. This prompts to prescribe the lowest possible cyclosporine dosages which ensure an effective residual blood level (100-300 ng/ml). In case of heart-lung transplantation (3 cases), pulmonary rejection is difficult to prove, opportunistic infections more frequent and severe, and the tracheal suture is responsible for complications (stenosis in 2 cases). By and large, the constraints of supervision are reasonable and allow an almost normal life. PMID- 3149177 TI - Studies on phagocytosis of mucoid and nonmucoid variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. II. Induction of heterologous immunity by mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa. AB - The studies were performed to determine the level of phagocytosis and intracellular killing of mucoid P. aeruginosa strains in normal and monovalent immune sera against: mucoid (anti-OM) and nonmucoid (anti-O) variants and slime extracts (anti-M) of 15 P. aeruginosa strains belonging to 7 immunotypes of Fisher's scheme. Extracellular P. aeruginosa slime was observed to inhibit the process of phagocytosis and intracellular killing of these bacteria. On the other hand, antibodies directed against the extracellular slime neutralized the inhibitory effect of the slime on phagocytosis. Slime of strains of different somatic antigen displayed serological affinity. This was due to cross reactions in phagocytic and agglutination test of mucoid strains in immune sera containing anti-slime antibodies. Strains of the same somatic antigen produced antigenically differentiated slime. PMID- 3149178 TI - Studies on phagocytosis of mucoid and nonmucoid variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. III. Polyvalent serum against three mucoid immunotypes potentiates phagocytosis of all (7) mucoid immunotypes. AB - Polyvalent serum against mucoid variants of immunotypes 1, 3 and 5, according to Fisher's scheme, was shown to stimulate immune response in phagocytic test of all mucoid immunotypes. PMID- 3149179 TI - Prevention of periarticular heterotopic ossification following total hip arthroplasty. Clinical experience with indomethacin and ibuprofen. AB - Prophylactic treatment with indomethacin or ibuprofen to prevent periarticular heterotopic ossification (PHO) was investigated in a consecutive series of 200 total hip replacements (THR) performed for primary coxarthrosis in 170 patients. No widespread PHO (grades III and IV) occurred in 166 THR treated with indomethacin or ibuprofen from the 1st to the 21st postoperative day. Only one patient exhibited moderate (grade-II) ossification. In contrast, the incidence of PHO grades III and IV was found to be high (23%) in the 35 THR for which the patients did not receive prophylaxis according to intention. It was concluded that 3 weeks' postoperative treatment with indomethacin or ibuprofen is sufficient to prevent the development of clinically significant heterotopic ossification. PMID- 3149180 TI - Tissue distribution metabolism and excretion of 2,2',4,4',5-pentachlorodiphenyl ether in the rat. AB - The tissue distribution, metabolism and excretion of 14C-2,2',4,4',5 pentachlorodiphenyl ether (PCDE) were studied in the rat. Radioactivity was distributed in all tissues examined, with the highest concentrations being found in the fat followed by the skin, liver, kidney and muscle. Most of the radioactivity found in the tissues was due to unchanged PCDE. Decay of PCDE in the blood was fitted to a four-compartment pharmacokinetic model, and the last compartment had a half-life of 5.8 days. A total of 55% and 1.3% of an orally administered dose was excreted in feces and urine, respectively, in 7 days. More than 64% of the fecal radioactivity was due to unchanged PCDE, while hydroxylated PCDE accounted for 23%. PMID- 3149181 TI - Toxicity and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase-inducing potency of coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in chick embryos. AB - The toxicities of the coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls 3,3',4,4' tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PeCB) and 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) were compared in a 72-h study on chick embryos. The substances were injected into the air sacs of hens' eggs preincubated for 7 days. Mortality was measured 72 h later and corresponding LD50 values were calculated. The rank order of toxicity was PeCB greater than TCB greater than HCB. Using the same injection procedure, the potencies of these chlorobiphenyls with regard to their induction of hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin O deethylase activity were compared. The ranking order of the substances as inducers was the same as their order when ranked according to toxicity. The three coplanar chlorobiphenyls were considerably more toxic and potent as inducers than the nonplanar 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl. In a 2-week toxicity study, PeCB and HCB were injected into the yolks of hens' eggs preincubated for 4 days. PeCB was about 50-fold more potent than HCB in causing embryonic death. Both substances caused abnormalities, including edema, liver lesions, microphthalmia and beak deformities. PMID- 3149182 TI - Delayed spatial alternation deficits resulting from perinatal PCB exposure in monkeys. AB - Monkeys exposed to low, chronic levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in utero and during nursing until 4 months after birth were tested at 4-6 years of age on delayed spatial alternation (DSA), a spatial learning and memory task. Deficits in performance accuracy were detected in two cohorts of monkeys whose mothers had been fed 2.5 ppm of the PCB mixture, Aroclor 1248, in their diet for an 18-month period ending at least 12 months prior to pregnancy. The deficit was most apparent at the shorter delays, suggesting that it was not due to memory impairment, but may have been due to impairments in associational or attentional processes. There may also have been a deficit in a group of monkeys whose mothers were fed 1.0 ppm of the PCB mixture, Aroclor 1016. However, the deficit in this group was less pronounced than in the other groups. The appearance of a PCB induced cognitive deficit more than 3 years after the end of exposure indicated the existence of very long-term adverse consequences of low-level perinatal PCB exposure. PMID- 3149184 TI - Eight years experience with Rh negative isoimmunised mothers in a special rhesus clinic. PMID- 3149183 TI - The distribution of lead in human hemopoietic tissue and spongy bone after lead poisoning and Ca-EDTA chelation therapy. Observations made by atomic absorption spectroscopy, laser microbeam mass analysis and electron microbeam X-ray analysis. AB - Two iliac crest needle biopsies were taken from a 43-year-old lead-poisoned woman during and after completion of a Ca-EDTA treatment. By atomic absorption spectroscopy the first and second biopsy were found to contain 56, respectively 41.6 micrograms lead/g wet tissue. In both biopsies 36% of the lead was extractable in 0.1 N HCl. Electron microbeam X-ray analysis proved to have too low sensitivity for quantitation of the lead in these biopsies. Laser microbeam mass analysis (LAMMA), performed only on the second biopsy, revealed a high and fairly constant residual lead concentration in all bone marrow cell nuclei (approximately 55 micrograms/g) and a low lead concentration in the cytoplasm of the same cells (4-12 micrograms/g). The extracellular bone matrix lead was greatly concentrated in the superficial 3-6 microns osteoid zone of the bony trabeculae and totally absent from deeper parts of the mineralized matrix. The LAMMA results are in good agreement with those of subcellular fractionation experiments and atomic absorption spectroscopy, provided that the relative volume fraction of nucleus and cytoplasm is accounted for. The high residual osteoid lead after completed chelation therapy indicates that lead has a stronger affinity for the organic than the mineral components of bone matrix. PMID- 3149186 TI - Clinical audit as a tool for resource allocation. PMID- 3149187 TI - Sodium valproate. PMID- 3149185 TI - The effect of an antiprogestin compound (RU486) on gonadotropin and prolactin release in vivo. PMID- 3149188 TI - Validation of a modified one-step rebreathing technique for measuring exercise cardiac output. AB - A modification of the Farhi one-step rebreathing technique (1) is described for determining submaximal exercise cardiac output (Q). Factors critical in the estimation of Q are initial rebreathing bag volume and constant bag volume during the maneuver. By substituting a high flow rate analyzer (500 ml.min-1) for the recommended low flow rate mass spectrometer (60 ml.min-1), adding a recirculation circuit from the outlet of the analyzer to an inlet at the base of the rebreathing bag, and reducing the length of sample tubing to the analyzer, we were able to recirculate the subject's expired gas and achieve no loss of bag volume. No statistically significant differences in estimate of cardiac output were noted between the mass spectrometer and LB-2 analyzer with recirculation circuit during submaximal cycling. Heart rate and oxygen uptake were highly correlated with cardiac output and agreed well with the literature, irrespective of the CO2 analyzer system used. A unique feature of our method is that the subject's tidal volume is measured prior to the maneuver and then used as the initial rebreathing bag volume. Varying the bag volume by +/- 0.2 L from the tidal volume had no significant effect on the estimate of cardiac output during exercise. Now quick, reliable, and noninvasive measurements of cardiac output are feasible in subjects--not only in the laboratory but also in the field where a mass spectrometer is not readily portable. PMID- 3149189 TI - [Choking in the office--what can be done?]. PMID- 3149190 TI - Reduction of macrophage-mediated tumor cytotoxicity by pretreatment with GM-CSF. AB - The effect of granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on macrophage activation by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was studied in a murine model system. When peritoneal macrophages were pretreated with GM-CSF for 24 hrs, a strong reduction of IFN-gamma-induced tumor cytotoxicity and LPS-triggered tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release was found. In contrast, GM-CSF treatment of macrophages for only 4 to 8 hrs enhanced TNF-alpha production. These data suggest that GM-CSF may affect macrophage activation in a biphasic manner in that a time period of enhanced responsiveness to IFN-gamma is followed by a longlasting period of refractoriness. PMID- 3149191 TI - The genetic susceptibility to IDDM in British and south Indian subjects. AB - Associations of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus exist with the HLA-DR antigens DR3 and DR4 in both British Caucasoid and Dravidian subjects. However, it is only in British Caucasoids that an increased relative risk is found in those subjects who co-inherit both of these antigens. The nature of these HLA associations has been explored using Southern blot techniques and radioactive HLA D region probes. In both populations the same DR4 related polymorphism was found in IDDM subjects whereas different HLA-DR3 preferential allelic associations were observed between British Caucasoid and Dravidian subjects. The best differentiation between diabetics and controls was found by a combination of HLA DQ region alpha and beta polymorphisms which were totally different for the two populations. These data indicate that at least one gene involved in the susceptibility to IDDM is located within the HLA-DQ region and this may be related to HLA-DR4. The location of a DR3 related gene remains elusive and may be the DR beta gene encoding DR3 itself. In both populations it is a combination of two HLA-D region haplotypes which is strongly associated with IDDM leading to the possibility of trans complementation leading to the formation of mixed isotypic dimers. PMID- 3149192 TI - [Cholinergic effects of nootropics]. AB - With respect to the enhancing effect of nootropics on learning and memory, the influence of some of these drugs on the high affinity choline uptake has been investigated. Meclofenoxate competes with choline uptake in vitro because of its similar side chain; other nootropics are without in vitro effects. A single dose of pramiracetam enhances the choline uptake in cortex and hippocampus. Application of meclofenoxate decreases the uptake of choline. Other nootropics lack acute effects. Possible increases of uptake after repeated dosage disappear within 24 h. PMID- 3149193 TI - Erythropoietic response to hypobaric hypoxia in rabbits. AB - Animals subjected to hypoxia become hypocapnic and after some hours show an increase in circulating erythropoietin. The steps involved in the increased production of erythropoietin in response to hypoxia are not fully understood, although it has been postulated that changes in coincident variables such as acid base balance may contribute to the mechanism of increased erythropoietin production. A rabbit model has been used to determine the physiological changes which occur in short-term hypobaric hypoxia. After 1 h, no changes were found in pCO2, pH, P50, base excess, standard bicarbonate or serum erythropoietic activity (SEA). After 3 h the pCO2, pH, base excess and standard bicarbonate had decreased while the P50 and SEA had increased. After 6 h, although the pCO2 was still significantly reduced, the pH, base excess and standard bicarbonate had returned to the initial levels and maximal SEA values. 20-fold greater than the pre hypoxia values were found. Overall the data are consistent with the view that the magnitude of the erythropoietic response to hypoxia is modified by changes in acid-base balance. PMID- 3149194 TI - Acetylsalicylate-induced cholestasis, unrelated to biliary bile acid excretion, in the rabbit. AB - Administration of lysine acetylsalicylate to anaesthetized rabbits induced a marked decrease in bile flow and biliary secretion rates of sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate. Bile acid concentrations were increased but biliary bile acid outputs were similar to those observed in control animals after i.v. injection of saline or lysine. Our results confirm that different species have different susceptibilities to salicylates since in other species this group of drugs is choleretic. It is suggested that the cholestatic effect of acetylsalicylate in the rabbit is due to acetylsalicylate and that it is associated with a reduction in the bile acid-independent bile flow since bile acid outputs remained constant after administration of the drug. PMID- 3149196 TI - Novel cell surface receptors during mammalian fertilization and development. PMID- 3149195 TI - [Receptor events after peripheral chemical sympathectomy]. AB - Peripheral chemical sympathectomy by means of 6-hydroxydopamine does not influence the calorigenic effects of dobutamine, when given 3 days after 6 hydroxydopamine administration. After that time the sensitivity of the adrenoceptors, which are responsible for the calorigenic effects, did not increase. PMID- 3149198 TI - Nucleotide sequence of maize chloroplast rpS11 with conserved amino acid sequence between eukaryotes, bacteria and plastids. AB - Nucleotide sequence of a 721 base pair segment of maize chloroplast DNA, encoding the putative chloroplast ribosomal protein S11 at physical map position 33.1-33.5 Kbp, is described. A Shine-Dalgarno sequence and computer-derived stem-loop structures of dyad symmetry are present in the spacer region between rpS11 and its 5' upstream gene rpL36. The deduced amino acid sequence of maize chloroplast S11 shows 69%, 66%, 62%, 57%, 48% and 45% sequence identity to the corresponding sequences of tobacco, spinach, pea, liverwort, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, respectively, and 41% sequence identity to three eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins, S14 of Chinese hamster and of human and rp59 of yeast. Maize chloroplast r-protein S11 is larger than the other published S11s of plants and bacteria, due to the apparent tandem introduction of a short sequence stretch of internal homology. PMID- 3149197 TI - Genetic control of vaccine-induced immunity against a parasitic helminth, Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 3149199 TI - [Inhibition of muscle glycogen phosphorylase b by heterocyclic vitamins and coenzymes]. AB - Inhibition of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase b by biotin, pyridoxine, lipoic acid, as well as by thiamine and cobalamine vitamins and coenzymes has been found. The values of "half-saturation" concentration and Hill coefficients are determined for biotin (27 mM, 1.3), pyridoxine (19 mM, 1.7), 5' deoxyadenosyl-cobalamine (2.5 mM, 1.5), lipoic acid (3.4 mM, 1.1), thiamine (11 mM, 1.3), thiamine diphosphate (11 mM, 1.0). Effectiveness of the enzyme inhibition by vitamins and coenzymes containing different heterocyclic groups is analysed; riboflavin and its coenzymic forms are suggested to be the most effective inhibitors. PMID- 3149200 TI - Determination of phosphate ions with an enzyme sensor system. AB - An enzyme sensor system for the determination of phosphate ions was constructed using immobilized enzymes and an oxygen electrode. The principle of this method is based upon the nucleoside phosphorylase catalyzed reaction for which the presence of inorganic phosphorus is indispensable. One assay could be completed within 3 min. This enzyme sensor was able to withstand at least 70 assays. This system was applicable to simple, rapid and continuous determination of phosphate ions in food. PMID- 3149201 TI - Secondary structure of the human growth hormone releasing factor (GRF 1-29) by two-dimensional 1H-nmr spectroscopy. PMID- 3149202 TI - Effect of pirenzepine on basal gastric acid and pepsin secretion and on secretion stimulated with graded doses of pentagastrin in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - 1. The effect of pirenzepine, an antimuscarinic compound, on basal acid and pepsin secretion and on the kinetic characteristics (Vmax and ED50) of pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion was investigated in 11 duodenal ulcer male patients. 2. Each patient underwent two pentagastrin dose-response tests: one with placebo and the other with pirenzepine given as a 10-mg intravenous bolus followed by 2.5 mg/h continuous infusion. 3. Pirenzepine induced a marked reduction in basal acid secretion (4.4 vs 0.3 mEq/h) and pepsin secretion (76.3 vs 18.3 mPU/h). 4. The drug also caused a reduced response of parietal cells to pentagastrin, which resulted in an increase in ED50 (131 vs 299 ng kg-1 h-1). The maximal acid secretory response (Vmax) was reduced (40.9 vs 32.3 mEq/h), but this effect was not demonstrable when the result was expressed as total output minus basal output. 5. Pentagastrin-induced pepsin secretion was not significantly affected by pirenzepine. 6. We conclude that the inhibitory action of pirenzepine on gastric acid secretion results from the effect of the drug on basal secretion and on parietal cell responsiveness to stimuli. PMID- 3149203 TI - Tolerance induction and immunological priming initiated by mucosal contacts with protein antigens in inbred strains of mice. AB - 1. We show that mouse strains differ widely in susceptibility to tolerance induction and/or immunization (priming) following contact of protein antigens (ovalbumin, human or bovine gamma globulins) with different mucosal surfaces. 2. When compared to a control group pretreated with saline, mice pretreated by the oral (intragastric) route with antigen became significantly less responsive to subsequent parenteral immunization (i.e., tolerant). This was observed in most, but not all, antigen/strain combinations. 3. Similar, although less prominent changes were induced by pretreatments with antigen by the ocular (conjunctival) route. 4. No significant effects were observed following pretreatments by the nasal, vaginal or rectal routes. 5. Genes present in strains selected for multispecific "high" or "low" responsiveness are included among those involved in tolerance induction following mucosal contacts with protein antigens. PMID- 3149204 TI - Contraction of guinea pig trachea by epidermal growth factor--urogastrone. AB - To evaluate further the action of epidermal growth factor - urogastrone (EGF-URO) in smooth muscle systems, we examined the effect of the peptide on guinea pig tracheal strips. The cumulative addition of EGF-URO to the organ bath resulted in a concentration-dependent tonic contraction without tachyphylaxis. The half maximal contraction was obtained at 13 +/- 3 ng/mL EGF-URO (2 nM). The maximum contraction at 100 ng/mL approached 60% of that induced by 1 microM histamine. No significant difference in the EGF-URO-induced contraction was observed in the presence or absence of a functional epithelium. Preincubation with 1 microM indomethacin for 20 min abolished the action of EGF-URO. The contractile effect of EGF-URO was not affected by yohimbine, propranolol, atropine, tetrodotoxin, and esculetin. However, mepacrine caused inhibition by 37 +/- 7% (mean +/- SEM for n = 3). Verapamil (10 microM) inhibited the EGF-induced response by 62 +/- 5% (mean +/- SEM for n = 4); the response was also absent in Ca-free (1 mM EGTA) buffer. However, the response was restored after the readdition of calcium. Our results suggest that EGF-URO can modulate tracheal smooth muscle contractility via a cyclooxygenase product and raise the possibility that EGF-URO might play a role in controlling pulmonary smooth muscle tone in vivo. PMID- 3149205 TI - Nitric oxide-induced vasodilation of organic nitrate-tolerant rabbit aorta. AB - It is postulated that the organic nitrate vasodilator agents, including glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), are prodrugs, such that biotransformation to the active inorganic metabolite, nitric oxide (NO), occurs prior to the onset of vasodilation. Furthermore, it is proposed that organic nitrate tolerance in vascular tissue involves decreased formation of NO. To test this latter hypothesis, we examined vasodilation induced by NO, GTN, and ISDN in non-tolerant, GTN-tolerant, and ISDN-tolerant rabbit aortic rings (RARs). Isolated RARs were contracted submaximally with phenylephrine; the time of onset of relaxation and percent relaxation of tissue were determined in response to NO (0.3 microM), GTN (0.03 microM), and ISDN (0.12 microM) before and after a 1-h treatment with 500 microM GTN, 500 microM ISDN, or buffer only. The data demonstrated that the response to NO was not changed in GTN-tolerant and ISDN tolerant tissues, in which there was virtually no GTN-induced or ISDN-induced relaxation. These results are consistent with the postulate that organic nitrate vasodilator drugs must undergo biotransformation to NO before vasodilation can occur and that the mechanism of organic nitrate tolerance involves decreased formation of NO. PMID- 3149206 TI - Radiology of the foot and ankle. PMID- 3149207 TI - Radiographic evaluation of ankle trauma. AB - Two principal classifications of ankle fractures are reviewed. Anatomic and roentgenographic criteria used for the assessment of reduction in ankle fractures are highlighted in this review of ankle trauma. PMID- 3149208 TI - Iron, folate and vitamin B12 in severe protein-energy malnutrition. PMID- 3149209 TI - High rates of penicillinase--producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains continue to be observed in Quebec. PMID- 3149210 TI - Diurnal variation in pharmacokinetics of valproic acid with unequal dosing intervals. PMID- 3149212 TI - Liposomal sustained-release delivery systems for intravenous injection. I. Physicochemical and biological properties of newly synthesized lipophilic derivatives of mitomycin C. PMID- 3149211 TI - In vivo release profiles of leuprolide acetate from microcapsules prepared with polylactic acids or copoly(lactic/glycolic) acids and in vivo degradation of these polymers. PMID- 3149213 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of the metabolites of [3,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl) 5-isoxazolyl]acetic acid. PMID- 3149214 TI - Liposomal sustained-release delivery systems for intravenous injection. II. Design of liposome carriers and blood disposition of lipophilic mitomycin C prodrug-bearing liposomes. PMID- 3149215 TI - Liposomal sustained-release delivery systems for intravenous injection. III. Antitumor activity of lipophilic mitomycin C prodrug-bearing liposomes. PMID- 3149217 TI - Reversible azomethine bond cleavage of guanabenz in acidic solutions at body temperature. PMID- 3149216 TI - Effect of sodium valproate (VPA) on cerebral amino acids: mechanism of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) elevation and possible causal relation of VPA-induced encephalopathy and glutamine level. PMID- 3149218 TI - Analysis of chondroitin sulfates in human urinary trypsin inhibitor. PMID- 3149219 TI - [An epidemiologic study of a focus of Schistosoma mansoni bilharziasis in Kara (North Togo)]. AB - In 1985 and 1986, an epidemiological survey was carried out in a focus of Schistosoma mansoni located in Kara (Togo). 412 children, 6 months to 15 years old, were examined. The prevalence of schistosomiasis mansoni, evaluated on parasitological and serological data, was of 51.5%. No parasites were found in children before the age of 4. Beyond, the prevalence increase with age; being more important in girls before 10 years and equivalent for both sexes afterwards. Moreover the number of children with hepatomegaly, was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in patients with schistosomiasis (9.6%), confirming previous results of 1981. Since this date, the prevalence has decreased from 79.6 to 51.5% just as eggs burden in the stools and mean antibodies titers. The explanation of this phenomenon remains unknown. PMID- 3149220 TI - Characterisation of galactosyltransferase isoforms by ion-exchange and lectin affinity chromatography. AB - Galactosyltransferase (GT) was isolated from human malignant ascitic fluid, and the ion-exchange and lectin affinity chromatographic behaviour of the two isoforms, GTI and GTII, investigated. The effect of neuraminidase on the binding to DEAE-Sephacel and various lectins suggests that GTII, the so-called cancer specific isoform, is a more sialylated form of GTI. PMID- 3149221 TI - [Sanfilippo's disease--accompanying findings in maxillofacial surgery as an aid to differential diagnosis of type III mucopolysaccharidosis]. PMID- 3149223 TI - Predictability of unbound antiepileptic drug concentrations in children treated with valproic acid and phenytoin. PMID- 3149222 TI - Heterogeneity of serum basal C peptide levels amongst Arab patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - Thirty-four Arab patients with history of diabetes mellitus but without history of ketoacidosis (Group 2), and 16 Arab patients with history of diabetes mellitus and ketoacidosis (Group 1) were studied. They were compared with 15 healthy control subjects and were further broken down according to sex and type of therapy. Fasting serum C-peptide, glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels were measured in all subjects. C-peptide levels in Group 2 were higher (t = 2.95) and exhibited greater heterogeneity (Variance ratio 3.60, p less than 0.005) than those in Group 1. Female subjects in Group 2 were more obese than male subjects in the same group, and exhibited greater heterogeneity of their C-peptide levels (Variance ratio 9.47, p less than 0.001). Although male patients in Group 2 on insulin therapy were older than male subjects on diet or oral hypoglycemic agents (t = 3.52, p less than 0.01), female subjects on insulin therapy were younger than those on diet or oral hypoglycemic agents (t = 2.05, p less than 0.05). Furthermore female patients on insulin therapy had lower serum glycosylated haemoglobin levels than female subjects on oral hypoglycemic agents (t = 2.05, p less than 0.05) but male patients on insulin therapy had higher serum glycosylated haemoglobin than those on oral hypoglycemic agents. These data suggest the earlier tendency of physicians to prescribe insulin in women of child bearing age but suggest that earlier prescribing habits of insulin may improve diabetic control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3149225 TI - A simple in vivo bioassay for inhibin-like activity using ovariectomized ewes. AB - Long term ovariectomized ewes were used in a bioassay for inhibin-like activity. The concentration of FSH 6 to 7 hr after injection of follicular fluid (a rich source of inhibin), as a percentage of pretreatment, regressed on the log of the dose had a slope of -26.0 +/- 7.6 (5 replications, mean +/- SD) and an index of precision of .32 +/- .04. This system was rapid, relatively easy and specific for in vivo inhibin-like activity. This bioassay was also used to determine the relative potency of an affinity-purified fraction of follicular fluid. PMID- 3149224 TI - Neisseria meningitidis and Moraxella osloensis: dual infection in blood and peritoneal fluid. AB - The clinical course of a malnourished alcoholic in which Neisseria meningitidis was isolated from the blood and Moraxella osloensis from the peritoneal fluid is described. Following bacteriologic diagnosis, the patient was treated and responded to a course of penicillin therapy. To our knowledge, this represents the first case of peritonitis associated with M. osloensis. Clinical reports of the isolation of this organism are rare; its pathogenicity is not clearly established, and the presence of the organism may often be unrecognized. PMID- 3149226 TI - Serum growth hormone and nitrogen metabolism responses in young bull calves infused with growth hormone-releasing factor for 20 days. AB - Intravenous infusion of growth hormone (GH)-releasing factor (GRF) sustains elevated serum GH for at least 5 days in young Holstein steers, but the effects of extended infusion of GRF on serum GH and nitrogen (N) metabolism have not been determined. Thirteen Dutch-Friesian bull calves (148 +/- 1.5 kg) were assigned randomly to receive daily either 0 or 3.6 mg GRF (hGRF1-44NH2; U-68420) in saline as a continuous infusion for 20 days. Calves were fed milk replacer twice daily while housed indoors in wooden-slatted floor box crates (metabolism cages). Nitrogen determinations were made on daily feed, feces, and urine samples which were pooled for days 9 to 14 of treatment. Concentrations of GH were quantified in blood samples collected at 20 min intervals for 8 hr on day 1, 10 and 20. The infusion of GRF increased baseline GH (P less than .07), the number of GH pulses (P less than .0001), the amplitude of the GH pulses (P less than .001), and area under the GH response curve (P less than .0002). Within GRF-infused calves baseline GH (P less than .0001) and area under the GH response curve (P less than .006) were greater on day 20 than on day 1 or 10 (day X treatment interaction, P less than .04). Area under the GH response curve was similar on each sampling day in saline-infused calves, but baseline GH was higher (P less than .03) on day 20 than either day 1 or 10. Infusion of GRF increased episodic GH secretion in spite of limited pulsatile activity in saline-infused calves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3149227 TI - Concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin following transection of the pituitary stalk in ovariectomized ewes. AB - Two experiments (Spring and Fall) were conducted in ovariectomized ewes to determine changes in pituitary hormone secretion immediately after pituitary stalk-transection. Ewes underwent either pituitary stalk-transection (SS), sham transection (SH) or administration of anesthesia only (AO). Stalk-transected, but not sham-operated or anesthetized ewes had polyuria and polydipsia for 7 to 14 days after surgery. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin were measured in peripheral blood samples collected every 10 minutes for a six-hour period. Results were comparable for each season. During the six hours following surgery or removal from anesthesia, concentrations of LH declined in all ewes, but more slowly in SS ewes. No differences in patterns or mean concentrations of FSH were observed. Immediately after surgery, concentrations of prolactin were elevated, then declined in SH and SS ewes. The decrease was greater in SH than SS ewes. Data are consonant with the view that hypothalamic inhibition as well as LHRH stimulation regulate gonadotropin release by the pituitary. PMID- 3149228 TI - Effects of progesterone and weaning on LH and FSH responses to naloxone in postpartum beef cows. AB - Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of naloxone, an endogenous opioid receptor antagonist, on LH and FSH secretion in postpartum beef cows. In Experiment 1, 24 cows were divided into three equal groups. On day 15 postpartum, all cows were bled for 8 hr at 10 min intervals to evaluate LH secretory parameters. On day 18 postpartum, three treatments were administered: (a) saline at 0730 and 1130 hr; (b) 275 mg naloxone at 0730 and 1130 hr; (c) naloxone as in (b) above, plus this group was also treated with 50 mg progesterone (P4) twice daily from day 16 to day 19. In each treatment, jugular vein samples were collected at 10 min intervals from 0800 to 1600 hr. On day 19 the same treatments were administered at the same times, however, all cows were given 25 micrograms GnRH at 1200 hr to evaluate the LH secretory response. Naloxone increased mean LH concentration (P less than .05) and tended to increase pulse amplitude and frequency compared to controls. However, the most dramatic difference was due to P4 treatment which suppressed mean LH, pulse amplitude and frequency. Treatments had no effect on LH secretion in response to a 25 micrograms dose of GnRH. In Experiment 2, the effects of suckling on the naloxone response were examined in 16 postpartum cows. On day 21 postpartum, blood was collected at 10 min intervals for 8 hr and then calves were removed from half the cows. After 3 days of calf removal, all cows were sampled at 10 min intervals for 4 hr; then naloxone was injected after each 10 min sample at a dose rate of 200 mg/hr (33 mg per injection). Naloxone treatment and sampling continued for an additional 8 hr. Calf removal alone had very little effect on LH pulsatility. However, naloxone resulted in increased pulse frequency and mean LH compared to the control period. We conclude that LH release in the early postpartum cow is partially regulated by endogenous opioid peptides. We were unable to detect any effects on FSH secretion nor on pituitary sensitivity to exogenous GnRH. PMID- 3149230 TI - Effects of domperidone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone on secretion of luteinizing hormone and prolactin during the luteal phase and following induction of luteal regression in sheep. AB - Effects of domperidone, a peripheral dopamine receptor antagonist, on secretion of LH and prolactin were studied during the luteal phase and following administration of PGF2 alpha. Since hyperprolactinemia has been reported to inhibit secretion of LH in ewes, effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) also were examined. Ewes 8-10 days post-estrus were assigned to be treated with: 1) vehicle (n = 5); 2) 0.3 mg domperidone (n = 6); 3) 1.0 mg domperidone (n = 6); 4) 3 micrograms TRH (n = 6); or 5) 10 micrograms TRH (n = 6) every 4 hours for 60 hr. Luteal regression was induced with PGF2 alpha at 12 hr after initiation of treatments. During the luteal phase, pulses of LH were more frequent (P less than .05) and the amplitudes of these were higher (P less than .05) in ewes treated with domperidone or TRH than in control ewes. These changes in LH occurred even though each treatment elevated markedly concentrations of prolactin in plasma. After induction of luteal regression, mean of LH and frequency of LH discharges were similar in all groups. However, in ewes treated with the 1.0 mg/4 hr dose of domperidone the pulse amplitude was greater than in the other groups (2.3 vs 1.1 ng/ml). Dose-response relationships and the magnitude of the prolactin release following domperidone or TRH varied with time. Treatments did not affect the timing of the LH surge or the increase in progesterone associated with the subsequent cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3149229 TI - Influence of follicular ablation during lactation on postweaning interval to estrus, ovulation rate, and endocrine function in sows. AB - Duroc sows farrowed second litters in March and lactated 35 +/- 2 days. At 36 hr before weaning, electrocautery of follicles greater than or equal to 3 mm in diameter (n = 8) or sham surgery (n = 5) was performed to test the hypothesis that ablation of medium-sized follicles would prolong the duration of postweaning anestrus. Number of follicles and diameters at surgery were: 1.3 +/- .6 (greater than 5 mm diameter), 26 +/- 1 (3 to 5 mm) and greater than 20 (less than 3 mm). Blood samples were collected at 15 min intervals for 3 hr beginning at -12, 0, 12, 60 and 96 hr from weaning. Interval to estrus was 3.4 +/- .2 days in seven of eight cauterized sows and 3.6 +/- .6 days for sham-surgery sows. The remaining cauterized sow was anestrus at slaughter, 40 days after weaning. Number of corpora lutea and pregnancy rate were 15.8 +/- .6 and 92%, respectively, and were similar between sham-surgery and cauterized sows. Concentration of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) at 12 hr before weaning was greater in sows subjected to electrocautery than for sham-surgery sows, but FSH values were similar at other sampling times. Concentrations of estradiol were similar at all times for both treatment groups. Luteinizing hormone (LH) was higher (P less than .05) at 60 hr in cauterized sows because of the onset of the preovulatory LH surge in one sow. We conclude that destruction of medium-sized ovarian follicles before weaning did not influence postweaning reproductive performance. PMID- 3149231 TI - Effects of dihydrotestosterone administration with and without estradiol pretreatment on gonadotropin secretion in ovariectomized pony mares. AB - Twenty ovariectomized pony mares were used to determine if dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHTP) administration, with or without estradiol benzoate (EB) pretreatment, would have the same effects on follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion as testosterone propionate (TP) administration. All mares were given an initial injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) to characterize their LH and FSH response, and then two groups of mares (n = 4/group) were administered EB (22 micrograms/kg of body weight), two groups were administered vehicle (safflower oil) and a fifth group was administered TP (175 micrograms/kg of body weight) daily for 10 days. Following a second injection of GnRH, one group of EB-treated mares and one group of oil-treated mares were administered DHTP (175 micrograms/kg of body weight) daily for 10 days; the other EB- and oil-treated mares were administered oil and the TP-treated mares were continued on the same dose of TP for 10 days. A final injection of GnRH was then given. Treatment with EB increased (P less than .01) concentrations of LH in daily blood samples and increased (P less than .05) the LH response to exogenous GnRH. Administration of TP or DHTP reduced (P less than .05) both daily LH concentrations and the LH response to exogenous GnRH. Concentrations of FSH in daily blood samples were reduced (P less than .05) and the FSH response to exogenous GnRH was increased (P less than .05) by administration of EB alone, DHTP alone or TP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3149232 TI - Purification and partial characterization of thyroid hormone binding proteins in canine serum. AB - Thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) were isolated from canine serum and partially characterized. TBPA was isolated by retinol-binding protein (RBP) affinity chromatography and further purified by preparative agarose gel electrophoresis or FPLC ion exchange chromatography. TBG was purified by thyroxine (T4)-Sepharose chromatography followed by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 and preparative electrofocusing in a granulated dextran gel. Molecular weights were estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. Canine TBPA had a tetramer molecular weight of 56,000, an extinction coefficient of 12.8 cm2cg.1, an isoelectric point of 5.26-5.70 and a microheterogeneity pattern similar to that of human TBPA. Partial immunochemical identity with human TBPA was also found. Plasma concentrations of TBPA were measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis in 43 normal and 35 hypothyroid dogs. Reference levels for TBPA ranged between 205 and 474 mg/l. Hypothyroid dogs had a mean TBPA level of 315.0 mg/l (SD: 91.1 mg/l). TBG had a molecular weight of 75,000 and an isoelectric point of 5.0. No immunochemical identity with human TBG was found. Gel filtration of serum on Sephacryl S-200, identification of T4 binding proteins with 125I-T4, and protein- and lipoprotein staining of fractions was performed. Thyroxine-binding was found to TBG in the beta-globulin region, TBPA in the alpha 2-region, albumin, and to the high density lipoprotein (HDL2) in the alpha 1-region and the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in the pre-beta region. A corresponding band to the latter protein in serum was masked by TBG and TBPA, and T4-binding in the alpha 1-region was not always seen in serum. Many similarities were found between man and dog regarding TBPA, but not TBG. The differences in structure of TBG may in part be responsible for the low serum T4 levels and rapid T4 metabolism seen in dogs. PMID- 3149233 TI - The influence of methimazole on the thyrotrophic and peripheral activity of thyrotrophin and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in the chick embryo and growing chicken. AB - Plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were profoundly depressed both in chick embryos and growing chickens after methimazole (MMI) treatment. There was no response of T4 and T3 levels to TRH or TSH injections in the MMI group, either in embryos or growing chickens. Peroxidase activity measured in the thyroid gland was significantly higher in embryos and growing chickens treated with MMI. However, neither TRH nor TSH affected this activity 2 hr after injection in either control or the MMI-treated group. Hepatic 5' monodeiodinase activity was significantly stimulated in the MMI-treated groups of embryos and growing chickens but only when additional sulphydryl groups (DTT) were provided. In embryos, monodeiodination activity 2 hr after TSH injection was not significantly different from control values for either DTT-stimulated or unstimulated conditions within the control and MMI-infused groups. However, in both control and MMI-treated embryos monodeiodination activity significantly increased 2 hr after TRH injection. In the growing chickens, monodeiodination activity 2 hr after TRH or TSH injection was not significantly different from control values in either stimulated or unstimulated conditions of each group. PMID- 3149234 TI - [Problems posed by the aging of the population]. PMID- 3149236 TI - Arginine 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate and sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate: a comparative study of their effects upon tumour cells. AB - The action of arginine 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate in comparison with sodium 2 mercaptoethane sulfonate on cell growth and cell adhesion of a metastatic sub line of murine melanoma (F10/B16) was investigated. The capability of the two compounds to interfere with the cytotoxicity of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide and of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in F10 cells was studied. The in vivo studies included the determination of acute and sub-acute toxicity of the two salts on mice. Very low toxicity and no significant differences between the two compounds were detected. PMID- 3149235 TI - Antifungal peptides with novel specific inhibitors of glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase. AB - N3-4-Methoxyfumaroyl-L-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (FMDP) has been found to be a strong and selective inhibitor of glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase from Candida albicans. Incorporation of FMDP into a dipeptide structure has produced effective antifungal agents (portage transport). A number of dipeptides containing FMDP have been synthesized, with Nva-FMDP showing the highest in vitro activity against different fungi, including Candida albicans (MIC90 = 2.2 micrograms/ml for 50 clinical strains), Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus spp. This compound, when tested in a general candidiosis model infection in mice, gave PD50/10 and CD50/10 values of 5.0 and 1.63 mg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile, the LD50 value after i.v. administration was higher than 300 mg/kg. PMID- 3149237 TI - Hepatic cytochrome P-450 and in vitro drug metabolism in an overfed rat model of obesity. AB - Liver microsomes from obese and control Sprague-Dawley rats were compared for cytochrome P-450 content and the ability to metabolize various prototype substrates. Over a 40-week period, the obesity-producing energy-dense diet increased average total body mass by 50%, liver mass by 32%, and body fat mass by 292%. Spectrally detectable cytochrome P-450 per mg protein increased by 36% in hepatic microsomes from obese rats. The livers from obese rats also contained more cytochrome P-450 (87%), while microsomal protein, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase per organ rose slightly (12-40%) but not significantly. No change in the specific activities of these enzymes occurred. Young and adult rats were transferred from pellet diet to energy-dense diet for 3 weeks to examine the influence of diet vs. obesity. This short-term dietary change increased microsomal protein per g liver as well as cytochrome P-450 per liver, per g liver, and per mg protein. Adult animals increased in body weight by 24%, making them overweight and borderline obese. However, young animals showed no increase in body or liver weight, suggesting a direct effect of the energy-dense diet on liver P-450. Dietary obesity thus increased both the relative and total amounts of liver cytochrome P 450 in rats, but not the specific activities of other enzymes. These changes in cytochrome P-450 are consistent with the increased clearance seen for several oxidized drugs in obese humans and suggest that the obese overfed rat represents a useful animal model. PMID- 3149238 TI - Effect of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene administration on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in female rats fed corn, primrose, and menhaden oils. AB - Female rats receiving a diet containing 20% menhaden oil beginning at 10 weeks of age and continuing for 13 weeks had hepatic benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] hydroxylase activity significantly higher than similar rats fed diets containing 20% corn oil or 20% oil of evening primrose. Compared to microsomes recovered from rats fed the corn oil diet, a significant increase in microsomal cytochrome P-450 content along with an increase in the activity of cytochrome P-450 mediated ethoxycoumarin O-dealkylase was evident in rats fed menhaden oil. Glutathione S transferase activity of the cytosol of hepatocytes was increased twofold by the feeding of 20% menhaden oil, compared with the feeding of corn or primrose oil. Administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) 21 days before instituting the diets enhanced B(a)P hydroxylase in all animals, with the activity greatest in those fed the menhaden oil. DMBA also caused a significant increase in ethoxycoumarin O-dealkylase in rats fed menhaden oil. PMID- 3149239 TI - Interference of ketanserin with baroreflex control of the circulation in the conscious spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Ketanserin suppresses baroreflex-mediated tachycardia following the administration of hypotensive doses of sodium nitroprusside in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The purpose of this study was to compare the baroreflex effects of ketanserin with those of the more selective S2 serotonergic receptor antagonist ritanserin and the alpha 1-blocker prazosin. In conscious SHR, both ketanserin (3 mg/kg) and prazosin (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg) caused a significant reduction in blood pressure. Ritanserin (3 mg/kg) and the combination of a low dose of prazosin (0.01 mg/kg) and ritanserin (3 mg/kg) did not lower blood pressure significantly. Baroreflex responses were determined by measuring the maximal changes in heart period (HP = 60,000/HR) after administration of 20 to 100 micrograms/kg sodium nitroprusside. Whereas saline and prazosin lacked an effect on changes in HPmax, ketanserin reversed the decrease in delta HPmax into a significant increase. Ritanserin alone caused a slight but insignificant inhibition, whereas the combination of ritanserin and prazosin blocked the sodium nitroprusside-induced reflex tachycardia. Ritanserin, in contrast to prazosin or ketanserin, lowered resting heart rate values. We conclude that the interference of ketanserin with the baroreflex in SHR is a unique property of this agent, related to its simultaneous effects on serotonin (5-HT) S2-receptors and alpha 1-adrenoceptors. PMID- 3149240 TI - Antagonism of midazolam sedation by flumazenil: a placebo-controlled study in patients recovering from intravenous anaesthesia with high doses of midazolam. AB - Twenty adult surgical patients were anaesthetized with high-dose midazolam and alfentanil by infusion, vecuronium, and intubated and ventilated with 50% N2O in O2. The midazolam and alfentanil infusions were stopped at the end of surgery. Residual neuromuscular blockade and ventilatory depression were antagonized and the patients extubated. In the recovery room, patients were randomly allocated to receive either flumazenil 1 mg of placebo i.v. Before, and until 2 h after injection, patients were asked to perform psychomotor tests. In addition, sedation, comprehension and orientation were scored. The flumazenil (n = 10) and the placebo (n = 10) groups were comparable. Prior to injection all patients were heavily sedated. After flumazenil all were awake within 2-3 min, but fell asleep again 15-60 min later. The improvement in test scores was sustained for a longer time. After placebo, patients awoke in 1-2 h. At 60 and 120 min, test scores in the two groups were similar. Heart rate, blood pressure and respiration rate did not change. No side-effects were observed or reported. It is concluded that flumazenil is an effective and safe antagonist of high dose midazolam, with a rapid onset but a short duration of action. PMID- 3149241 TI - Effect of hepatic and renal dysfunction on disposition of bupropion in rats. AB - Disposition of bupropion after oral administration was investigated in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and gentamicin treated rats. Bupropion exhibits extensive first-pass effect and is mainly cleared by hepatic route. In rats with hepatic damage, maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was approximately 3 times higher and area under the plasma concentration-time curve up to 6 h (AUC 0-6) and AUC 0 infinity increased on an average 4 and 5 times respectively compared to the control. The half-life was doubled with hepatic dysfunction. These findings suggest that hepatic impairment in rats causes a decrease in first pass effect as well as an increase in the half-life of the drug. Rats with renal impairment, exhibited a significant increase in Cmax, AUC 0-6 and AUC 0-infinity of bupropion approximately 3-fold as compared to the control, no change in half life of the drug was observed. This indicates that rats with renal impairment show less efficient first-pass effect which may lead to increase in systemic bioavailability. The time to peak observed in all treated animals was not significantly different from the control. The percentage of bound bupropion did not differ either in CCl4 or gentamicin treated plasma as compared to the control. PMID- 3149243 TI - Effects of sulfhydryl-containing compounds on nitroglycerin-induced coronary dilatation in isolated working rat hearts. AB - The effects of various compounds on the time course of the coronary dilating response to nitrovasodilators were studied in working rat hearts. Continuous administration of 100 microM glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) to the perfusate induced a rapid increase in coronary flow. The flow decreased to about 40% of the initial flow rise within 20 min and remained constant during the following 40 min. The flow increase induced by 100 microM SIN 1 (3-morpholino-sydnonimine), however, remained constant throughout the 60-min perfusion period. The decay of the GTN action was reduced in the presence of the thiol-containing agents L-homocysteine, L- and D-cysteine and to a lesser extent, reduced glutathione, while the initial response to GTN was only slightly enhanced. However, N-acetyl-L-cysteine caused a significant increase of the maximum response to GTN whereas the subsequent loss of GTN action was not greatly altered, suggesting that this agent exerts a potentiating action without altering tolerance. Dithiothreitol elicited a slight increase in the maximum effect of GTN, followed by a complete attenuation of the effect. These data suggest that SH group donors could exert different effects on the action of GTN while GTN tolerance is only influenced by L- and D-cysteine, L homocysteine and reduced glutathione. PMID- 3149244 TI - Effect of ritanserin on sleep stages and sleep EEG in the rat. AB - Ritanserin (1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg i.p.) was administered to rats before the start, of the light period, and sleep was recorded during the subsequent 12 h. The higher dose reduced sleep in the first 3 h. Both doses caused a more prolonged suppression of REM sleep. Spectral analysis of the EEG in non-REM sleep showed an increase of power density in the low frequency range (1.5-6 Hz) and a depression in the high frequency range (8-25 Hz). Since these changes differ from those previously observed after sleep deprivation, it is premature to conclude that the drug induces a physiological sleep intensification. PMID- 3149242 TI - The antipyrine breath test in the rat: a pharmacokinetic model. AB - Breath tests have been widely advocated for use as non-invasive probes of mixed function oxidase activity in vivo. A catenary sequence of events begins with demethylation and results in the exhalation of 14CO2. Intermediates in this chain include formaldehyde and formate. In this current study [14C]-antipyrine, [14C] formaldehyde and [14C]-formate have been administered to rats. The data from these one carbon intermediates lead to the conclusion that demethylation is not the rate-limiting step in the antipyrine breath test in the rat. The resultant 14CO2 exhalation rate time profiles have been used to derive a compartmental pharmacokinetic model for the antipyrine breath test in the rat. The simplest catenary model (Antipyrine----formaldehyde----formate----CO2) did not adequately describe the observed data. A compartment in equilibrium with the central compartment for formate was needed to characterize fully the observed data. The derived compartmental model was able to predict qualitatively the effects of phenobarbitone induction on the antipyrine breath test. The quantitative agreement between the model prediction and the observed data could be improved by incorporating the changes in one carbon metabolism produced by phenobarbitone. PMID- 3149245 TI - Morphological and genetic characteristics of the open-eyelid mutant spontaneously occurring in NC-strain mice. AB - A heritable open-eyelid mutant which arose spontaneously in the NC strain of mouse in 1982 has been maintained as the NC-eob line through brother-sister matings. When the line exceeded the 12th generation, its reproductive capabilities were initially compared with those of the NC strain. Then eye abnormalities were investigated morphologically and genetically. Although most of the reproductive parameters in the NC-eob line were comparable to those in the NC strain, a significant decrease was observed in the mean number of pups delivered, and the viability of pups at 7 days of age was reduced to 55%. The eyelids of pups were widely open at birth. The exposed cornea dried within a few hours and a bloody exudate appeared around the margin of the eyelids. At 1 day of age, the eye opening was smaller in size and covered with a scab. Histological examination demonstrated apparent inflammatory changes in the cornea and conjunctiva. At 21 days of age, the eyes revealed opacity, a rough surface, and microphthalmia. Histological findings in the cornea, such as keratosis and vascularization, coincided with the eye opacity. The weight and size of the eyeballs were almost the same as those in normal NC pups. However, a significant decrease in the length of the palpebral rima was evident and this was considered to be the cause of the microphthalmia. The results of genetic analysis indicated that these eye abnormalities were caused by an autosomal recessive gene, eob. These results suggested that the eob gene might be a new mutation manifesting semi-lethality as a pleiotropic effect. PMID- 3149247 TI - The effects of TRH on plasma thyroid hormone levels of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). AB - Plasma levels of L-thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) were measured in 2- to 4-year-old rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) intraperitoneally injected with 0.7% NaCl alone (controls) or 0.7% NaCl containing synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Blood was obtained from terminally sampled fish or from serially sampled fish cannulated in the dorsal aorta. In trout, TRH (1 microgram/g body wt) significantly raised plasma T4 to maximal values at 2 hr. A dose of 0.1 microgram/g was ineffective in trout but doses below this level elevated plasma T4 in arctic charr. In charr starved for 2 or 3 weeks the plasma T4 response to TRH appeared blunted. There was no consistent influence of TRH on plasma T3 under any condition for either species. It is concluded that TRH influences the salmonid thyroid system at some level to elevate plasma T4, possibly through thyrotroph stimulation. PMID- 3149246 TI - Comparison of the biological activity of sodium valproate and L-lysine valproate on brain GABA levels by (3H) muscimol radioreceptor assay. PMID- 3149248 TI - Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity throughout the life cycle of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 3149249 TI - Delta, a Drosophila neurogenic gene, is transcriptionally complex and encodes a protein related to blood coagulation factors and epidermal growth factor of vertebrates. AB - Delta (D1) is required for normal segregation of the embryonic ectoderm into neural and epidermal cell lineages in Drosophila melanogaster. Loss-of-function mutations in D1 and other zygotic neurogenic loci lead to expansion of the neuroblast population at the expense of the dermoblast population within the ectoderm. Characterization of the transcriptional organization and maternal/embryonic expression within the chromosomal interval corresponding to D1 reveals that the locus encodes multiple transcripts: a minimum of two maternal transcripts, approximately 4.5 and 3.6 kb in length, and four zygotic transcripts, approximately 5.4 (two distinct species), 3.5, and 2.8 kb in length. These transcripts differ on the bases of differential splicing and differential polyadenylation site choice. The DNA sequence of a cDNA clone representing the predominant transcripts of the locus indicates that D1 encodes a transmembrane protein homologous to blood coagulation factors and epidermal growth factor. The relationship between coding sequences and transcript-specific exons within the locus suggests that D1 encodes multiple translational products. PMID- 3149250 TI - A Drosophila rRNA gene located in euchromatin is active in transcription and nucleolus formation. AB - P-element transformants of a single rRNA gene (rDNA) were used to investigate the relationship between the organization of the nucleolus organizer (NO) and rDNA function in Drosophila melanogaster. In situ hybridization to rRNA in polytene nuclei of salivary glands demonstrated that an rRNA gene can be transcribed at a high rate when inserted into chromosomal sites other than the NO. Structures that resemble morphologically the endogenous nucleoli ('mininucleoli') were associated with four different euchromatic sites of rDNA insertion. Molecular analyses revealed that these mininucleoli contained both rRNA and an antigen specific to nucleoli. Phenotypes resulting from rDNA deficiencies were rescued partially by the presence of the transformed rDNA, indicating that the transcripts and mininucleoli associated with the rDNA insertion sites were functional. Thus, two conserved features of rDNA organization in eukaryotes, namely tandem repetition and heterochromatic localization, are not required for rRNA gene function. We conclude that 'nucleolar organizing activity' is an intrinsic property of the rDNA or its RNA products. PMID- 3149251 TI - Escherichia coli heat shock gene mutants are defective in proteolysis. AB - Heat shock proteins in Escherichia coli are relatively abundant and some are essential for growth, but the function that they provide is unknown. The observation that heat shock proteins are induced by some abnormal, rapidly degraded polypeptides, and that strains with mutations in the rpoH gene, the positive regulator of heat shock gene expression, are defective in proteolysis, has led to the proposal that heat shock proteins are required for normal degradation of polypeptides. We have investigated this hypothesis by examining the degradation of polypeptide fragments generated by puromycin and the degradation of a nonsense fragment of beta-galactosidase. Mutations in the dnaK, dnaJ, grpE, and groEL heat shock genes result in defective proteolysis. Furthermore, overproduction of heat shock proteins results in enhanced rates of puromycyl fragment decay. The proteolysis defect of the heat shock gene mutants primarily affects energy-dependent protein degradation. These results indicate that at least one general function of heat shock proteins is to contribute to the ability of the cell to degrade abnormal polypeptides. PMID- 3149252 TI - Inhibitory effect of 1-methyldodecyldimethylamine oxide and N,N bis(dodecyldimethyl)-1,2-ethanediammonium dibromide on the spores of Bacillus cereus. AB - 1-Methyldodecyldimethylamine oxide (MDDO) and N,N'-bis(dodecyldimethyl)-1,2 ethanediammonium dibromide (BDED) exhibit a significant affinity for the surface of Bacillus cereus spores and adsorb very rapidly to the cells; they have a pronounced inhibitory effect on spore outgrowth. In order to alter the affinity of the spore surface for these inhibitors, the spores were pretreated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and with an electronegative (Tween 80) and electropositive (histone) compound. In SDS-pretreated spores the inhibitory effect of MDDO and BDED was abolished to a considerable extent. Whereas the development of intact spores was inhibited already after germination, in SDS-pretreated spores the postgermination development continued but was not completed. In Tween 80 pretreated spores the addition of BDED led only to a retardation of outgrowth and division; BDED added only during the division stage interrupted further development completely. Histone-pretreated spores stopped their development instantaneously after the addition of BDED at any phase of the postgermination development. The possible mechanisms of the interaction of the compounds used with spore surface or rather with the state of its structures are discussed. PMID- 3149253 TI - Purification and characterization of pyocins R from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Five types of pyocins were found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 112. Production of these types was induced by UV irradiation. The pyocin activity was found to be resistant to trypsin treatment. Their molar mass was found to be 282, 251, 112, 89.1 and 54.9 kg/mol, respectively. The pyocins obtained were different from any known type (such as R, S, F) in their chemical and physical properties. PMID- 3149254 TI - Interspecific social grooming in a mixed troop of tamarins, Saguinus mystax and Saguinus fuscicollis (Platyrrhini: Callitrichidae), in an outdoor enclosure. PMID- 3149255 TI - New interpretation of the presumed common ancestral karyotype of platyrrhine monkeys. PMID- 3149256 TI - Chromosomal affinities of Callimico goeldii (Platyrrhini) and characterization of a Y-autosome translocation in the male. PMID- 3149258 TI - [An experimental study on the heart and lung preservation and transplantation. Autoperfusion method and cardiac and pulmonary functions after transplantation]. AB - Heart and lung transplantation has only provided long-term survival for patients with end-stage cardiopulmonary disease. Many more patients of potential recipients cannot receive the transplantation because of a pause of satisfactory donors. One of its reason is difficulty in prolonged heart-lung preservation and this has imposed a significant barrier to donor procurement. Using Autoperfusion of heart and lung, six hours preservation was successfully achieved in six mongrel dogs and an adequate condition for preservation was evaluated. 1. Glucose metabolism, 2. Electrolytes, 3. Acid-base balance, 4. Pulmonary blood flow, 5. Temperature, 6. Ventilation were considered important factors for long hours preservation. Heart and lung preserved for six hours were transplanted in thirteen dogs in heterotopic and orthotopic models and their functions were evaluated two hours after transplantation. The cardiac function was well preserved and pathological changes in cardiac muscle were minimum. But lung preservation was not so stable. Levels of PaO2 were variable and pathological changes of the donor lungs such as pulmonary edema, emphysema, etc were observed. Further studies were needed for lung preservation. PMID- 3149257 TI - Comparison of thrombolytic, fibrinolytic, and fibrinogenolytic properties of tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase, single-chain urokinase, high molecular weight and low molecular weight urokinase in human plasma in vitro. AB - Thrombolytic, fibrinolytic, and fibrinogenolytic properties of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) from melanoma cells (mt-PA), recombinant t-PA (rt-PA), streptokinase (SK), single-chain urokinase plasminogen activator (scu-PA), and high and low molecular weight urokinase (HMW UK, LMW UK) were compared in vitro by means of systems using human plasma. Thrombolytic activities were tested on standard or labeled hanging clots. When compared on the basis of urokinase international units, t-PA appeared to be slightly more active than scu-PA and streptokinase, and about 10-fold more active than both preparations of UK when they were diluted in plasma. Fibrinolytic activity was evaluated by measuring the lysis time of recalcified plasma containing variable amounts of thrombolytic agents. t-PA was shown to be twice as active as HMW UK, which was itself more active than LMW UK. When scu-PA and both types of UK were compared on bovine fibrin plates, they showed similar fibrinolytic activity, but the t-PA calibration curve was not parallel to those obtained with UK and scu-PA. Relative thrombolytic and fibrinogenolytic properties were studied for each thrombolytic agent. For similar thrombolytic activities, fibrinogenolysis provoked by scu-PA was less marked than with t-PA and with both UK, while SK showed the highest activity. Our results demonstrate that the thrombolytic/fibrinogenolytic ratio is much more favorable to t-PA and scu-PA than to both forms of UK. Another observation clearly shows that fibrinogenolysis can be induced in vitro in human plasma by high doses of t-PA. This consequence may be important since the therapeutic use of t-PA can be associated with high concentrations of t-PA, and thus t-PA infusion could lead in vivo to severe fibrinogen breakdown. In addition, the methodology described could be useful in standardizing comparison between different species of thrombolytic agents. PMID- 3149259 TI - Media constituents affecting colony morphology in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 3149260 TI - Effect of different concentrations of trichloroethylene on intracranial pressure during hypocapnia in neurosurgical anaesthesia. PMID- 3149261 TI - [Secret statistics and health research: a delicate but necessary marriage]. PMID- 3149262 TI - [An ecological approach to the causes of death in 14 countries: the Shannon Index of Diversity]. PMID- 3149263 TI - [Socioeconomic variables and colo-rectal cancer in Palma de Mallorca]. PMID- 3149264 TI - [Can one obtain data on infant feeding retrospectively?]. PMID- 3149265 TI - [Controversy over the causative role of HIV]. PMID- 3149266 TI - [Feasibility of a classification of health problems for hospital emergency services]. PMID- 3149267 TI - [Preventive practices and individual behavior in oro-dental health]. PMID- 3149268 TI - Service provision for long-term non-resident psychiatric patients. PMID- 3149269 TI - [Peripheral nerve lesions of experimental leprosy in monkeys. I. Introduction]. PMID- 3149270 TI - [Peripheral nerve lesions of experimental leprosy in monkeys. IV. Relationship between progress of histopathological findings and anatomical location of peripheral nerves]. PMID- 3149272 TI - Development of milk powder reference materials certified for aflatoxin M1 content (Part II): Certification of milk powder RM 283. AB - The development of a full cream milk powder reference material, certified for its aflatoxin M1 content (target concentration: 0.1 microgram/kg), is described. The material (RM 283) was prepared and certified within the Reference Material Programme of the Community Bureau of Reference, along with other members of a series of milk powder reference materials. Homogeneity, evaluated by determining the aflatoxin M1 content of 30 units, was found to be acceptable (coefficient of variation of analysis results: 9.1%); stability has been demonstrated in a long term study. The certification exercise involved 7 laboratories. Calibration, control of recoveries, blank values, and independence of the replicate measurements were emphasized. All sets of results of the certification exercise were accepted for statistical evaluation. A certified value for the aflatoxin M1 content: 0.09(+0.04)(-0.02) micrograms/kg was derived. The certification of RM 283 completes the series of 4 milk powder reference materials having certified aflatoxin M1 contents. PMID- 3149271 TI - Electrophoretic methods for screening for antibiotics in animal feeds. AB - A new system for screening antibiotics in animal feeds involves washing antibiotic-containing animal feeds with a series of organic solvents to eliminate interferences and partially separate the antibiotics. Antibiotics are then determined by using paper electrophoresis and thin-layer bioautography. This approach enables the separation and qualitative identification of 17 antibiotics currently used in animal feeds and provides the ability to detect low-level cross contamination. PMID- 3149273 TI - Disinfectant testing using a modified use-dilution method: collaborative study. AB - An initial collaborative study of the AOAC use-dilution method (UDM), used for bactericidal disinfectant efficacy testing, demonstrated extreme variability of test results among the 18 laboratories testing identical hospital disinfectants. In an effort to improve the method, 32 changes were made by the UDM Task Force. These changes represented improvements in quality assurance practices and elimination of method variability; however, the basic framework of the method was retained. A second collaborative trial was conducted to determine if the interlaboratory variability of test results could be reduced to an acceptable level using the modified UDM. Twelve of the original 18 laboratories participated in the second study. Each laboratory processed 60 penicylinders (P) for each of the 6 randomly selected, federally registered disinfectants and 3 test organisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella choleraesuis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The number of positive penicylinders (greater than 1 positive P/60 replicates = failure) for the 6 products when P. aeruginosa was used as the challenge organism ranged 1-30, 0-36, 0-15, 0-5, 0-3, and 0-60 for the 3 quaternaries and 3 phenolics, respectively. The results of the variance components analysis for P. aeruginosa and the other 2 organisms showed that the variance components for laboratories were not significantly reduced for any organism in this study. Such interlaboratory variability of results questions the use of the original or the modified UDM for registration purposes. PMID- 3149274 TI - Purification and characterization of two forms of chicken liver cytochrome P-450 induced by 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl. AB - 3,4,5,3',4'-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PenCB), one of the most potent 3 methylcholanthrene (MC)-type inducers of hepatic enzymes in animals, caused a remarkable induction of liver microsomal monooxygenases, particularly 7 ethoxyresorufin (7-ER) O-deethylase, benzo(a)pyrene (BP) 3-hydroxylase, and testosterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase in chickens, but not NADPH-cytochrome c(P-450) reductase and cytochrome b5. Two forms of cytochrome P-450 (P-450) in liver microsomes of PenCB-treated chickens were purified and characterized. The absorption maxima of the CO-reduced difference spectra of both enzymes (chicken P 448 L and chicken P-448 H) were at 448 nm. From the oxidized form of their absolute spectra, chicken P-448 L was a low-spin form and chicken P-448 H was a high-spin form. They had molecular masses of 56 and 54 kDa, respectively. In a reconstituted system, 7-ER O-deethylation, BP 3-hydroxylation, and testosterone 16 alpha-hydroxylation were catalyzed at high rates by chicken P-448 L but not by chicken P-448 H. Chicken P-448 L also catalyzed N-demethylation of aminopyrine, benzphetamine, and ethylmorphine with relatively low activity. On the other hand, chicken P-448 H functioned only in catalyzing estradiol 2-hydroxylation. These results were supported by an inhibition study of microsomal monooxygenases using an antibody against each enzyme. Immunochemical studies revealed that the enzymes differ from each other but are both inducible by PenCB-treatment. Chicken P-448 L and chicken P-448 H respectively comprise about 82 and 7% of the total P-450 content in chicken liver microsomes. PMID- 3149275 TI - Glycosylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and its relationship to membrane transport and ligand binding. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor biosynthesis was examined in an oral squamous cell carcinoma line, NA, which overproduces the receptor to an even greater extent than the widely studied A431 cells. The EGF receptor of NA cells synthesized in the presence of tunicamycin had an apparent molecular weight of 130,000. The nascent protein in untreated cells was cotranslationally glycosylated to Mr 160,000 and further processed to Mr 170,000. The endo-beta-N acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) digestion analysis revealed the presence of high mannose type oligosaccharide on the Mr 170,000 mature receptor. We extended the analysis by correlating the biosynthesis with the acquisition of binding activity. The unglycosylated Mr 130,000 receptor and the Mr 160,000 receptor seen after pulse-labeling had no EGF binding activity, whereas the Mr 160,000 receptor seen after chase-incubation and the Mr 170,000 receptor had binding activity. Thus, not only glycosylation but also some oligosaccharide processing is apparently necessary for the EGF binding. Treatment with processing inhibitors, such as monensin, swainsonine and 1-deoxynojirimycin, affected neither receptor transport to the plasma membrane nor binding activity. Inhibition by 1 deoxynojirimycin is thought to be incomplete since the surface receptor in treated cells had the same molecular weight as that in control cells. An Mr 160,000 receptor without binding activity accumulated in the intracellular fraction in the presence of brefeldin A, an inhibitor of intracellular transport. Thus, the EGF binding activity is thought to be acquired after the brefeldin A sensitive process but prior to the swainsonine-sensitive mannose removal in NA cells. PMID- 3149276 TI - Purification and properties of 5-hydroxytryptamine UDP-glucuronyltransferase from rat liver microsomes. AB - 5-Hydroxytryptamine UDP-glucuronyltransferase was highly purified from untreated rat liver microsomes. The specific activity towards 5-hydroxytryptamine was increased 178-fold over the starting solubilized microsomes with a final yield of 3%. The final preparation contained two major and one minor Coomassie brilliant blue staining polypeptide bands visible after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. One of the major bands was identified as 3-methylcholanthrene inducible UDP-glucuronyltransferase, so the other (molecular weight of 55,500) appeared to be 5-hydroxytryptamine UDP-glucuronyltransferase. Concanavalin A reacted with the 55,500-dalton polypeptide. Phospholipid was indispensable for the enzyme activity. The enzyme activity in the final preparation was activated by divalent cations. Simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics were followed with respect to 5-hydroxytryptamine, but deviations from this kinetics were observed with respect to UDP-glucuronic acid and Mg2+. As regards Mg2+ stimulation, further experiments indicated that the added Mg2+ was non-competitive with 5 hydroxytryptamine, but at low concentrations of Mg2+ it was competitive with UDP glucuronic acid and at high concentrations of Mg2+ it was non-competitive with UDP-glucuronic acid. The final preparation showed high substrate specificity towards 5-hydroxytryptamine among endogenous substrates tested. From these results, it was concluded that the enzyme described here is a new form of UDP glucuronyltransferase isozyme, and its activity showed a peculiar dependence on Mg2+. PMID- 3149278 TI - Detection in human platelets of phospholipase A2 activity which preferentially hydrolyzes an arachidonoyl residue. AB - It has been generally considered that highly specific liberation of arachidonic acid is induced upon the stimulation of the platelets, although the molecular mechanism of the regulation of its action has not been well understood. An aim of the present study is to clarify the role of phospholipase A2 in the arachidonic acid metabolism within human platelets. Phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine with arachidonate at the sn-2 position of glycerol was cleaved efficiently by phospholipase A2 activity in homogenates as well as in the cytoplasmic fraction of human platelets, leading to the selective liberation of free arachidonate, whereas phospholipids with linoleate were hardly hydrolyzed under the same conditions. Double-reciprocal plots of kinetic data further strengthened the conclusion that human platelet phospholipase A2 showed high selectivity for arachidonoyl residue. This enzyme may play a crucial role in the intracellular metabolism of the arachidonate of phospholipids. PMID- 3149277 TI - Purification and characterization of an acidic amino acid specific endopeptidase of Streptomyces griseus obtained from a commercial preparation (Pronase). AB - A protease was purified 163-fold from Pronase, a commercial product from culture filtrate of Streptomyces griseus, by a series of column chromatographies on CM Toyopearl (Fractogel), Sephadex G-50, hydroxyapatite, and Z-Gly-D-Phe-AH Sepharose 4B using Boc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Glu-pNA as a substrate. The final preparation was homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and gel isoelectric focusing. Studies on the substrate specificity with peptide p-nitroanilides revealed that this protease preferentially hydrolyzed peptide bonds on the carbonyl-terminal side of either glutamic acid or aspartic acid. It was most active at pH 8.8 for the hydrolysis of Boc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Glu-pNA. The molecular weight of the protease was estimated to be 20,000 by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B using 6 M guanidine hydrochloride as an eluent, and 22,000 by SDS-PAGE in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 8.4. The enzyme was inactivated by diisopropyl phosphofluoridate (DFP) but not by p chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) or EDTA. PMID- 3149279 TI - Cross-linking of native myosin forms oligomers of myosin heavy chain dimers. AB - Chemical cross-linking of native myosin in 0.6 M NaCl with p-phenylene bis maleimide or glutaraldehyde resulted in rapid formation of myosin heavy chain dimers and their oligomers. Monomers and odd-number oligomers disappeared after the prolonged treatment with these reagents. When denatured myosin was cross linking, myosin heavy chain monomers and odd-number oligomers remained after the prolonged treatment, although dimers and their even-number oligomers were abundant. For high molecular weight markers, myosin heavy chain oligomers formed from denatured myosin with glutaraldehyde or p-phenylene bis maleimide are recommended. PMID- 3149280 TI - Purification and properties of a form of UDP-glucuronyltransferase from liver microsomes of 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats. AB - A form of UDP-glucuronyltransferase has been purified from liver microsomes of 3 methylcholanthrene-treated rats by a simple and rapid method involving chromatography on DEAE-Toyopearl and UDP-hexanolamine Sepharose columns. The purified preparation gave a single protein band (Mr 54,000) on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It catalyzed the glucuronidation of not only phenolic xenobiotics such as 4-nitrophenol, 1-naphthol, and eugenol but also serotonin, which is an endogenous compound. Its activities toward 4 hydroxybiphenyl and testosterone were very low and no activity was detected toward bilirubin. After removal of the detergent (Emulgen 911), the transferase activity was stimulated by various phospholipids, about 10-fold activation being attained with phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine. On nitrocellulose sheets concanavalin A, but not wheat germ agglutinin, bound to the purified transferase, and this binding was abolished in the presence of alpha methylmannoside and after treatment of the enzyme with endo-beta-N acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H). These observations provided evidence that the transferase is a glycoprotein carrying a "high mannose type" of oligosaccharide chain(s). The NH2-terminal 7 residues of the purified enzyme were determined to be Thr-Lys-Leu-Leu-Val-Trp-Pro. PMID- 3149281 TI - Structure of the O-polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa IID 1001 (ATCC 27577). AB - Structural studies were carried out on an acidic O-polysaccharide released by mild acid treatment from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa IID 1001 (ATCC 27577), which is serologically related to the serotypes Habs O3, Lanyi O1, and Wokatsch O13 in other serological classifications of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The composition and data from structural analyses including H-NMR and C-NMR measurements, methylation, and Smith degradation showed that the structure of the IID 1001 O-polysaccharide was coincident with that of the Habs O3 and Lanyi O1 antigens (or Wokatsch O13). However, whereas solvolysis of the O-antigen of Habs O3 as well as that of Lanyi O1 by hydrogen fluoride has been reported to yield a reducing trisaccharide, GlcNAc(alpha 1----4)GalNAcA(alpha 1--- 3)Bac2NAc4Nacyl (acyl represents a 3-hydroxybutanoyl group), hydrogen fluoride hydrolysis of IID 1001 O-polysaccharide yielded a nonreducing trisaccharide with the reducing terminal bacillosamine residue linked at C-1 to the hydroxyl group of its N-acyl substituent, 3-hydroxybutanoic acid. These results, in combination with mass spectral data, led to the most likely structure for the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the IID 1001 O-polysaccharide, (formula; see text) in which the location of N-acyl groups on bacillosamine residues differs from that in the O antigens of Habs O3 and Lanyi O1 (or Wokatsch O13). PMID- 3149282 TI - Activation and membrane binding of carboxypeptidase E. AB - Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) is a carboxypeptidase B-like enzyme that is thought to be involved in the processing of peptide hormones and neurotransmitters. Soluble and membrane-associated forms of CPE have been observed in purified secretory granules from various hormone-producing tissues. In this report, the influence of membrane association on CPE activity has been examined. A substantial amount of the membrane-associated CPE activity is solubilized upon extraction of bovine pituitary membranes with either 100 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.6) containing 0.5% Triton X-100 and 1 M NaCl, or by extraction with high pH buffers (pH greater than 8). These treatments also lead to a two- to threefold increase in CPE activity. CPE extracted from membranes with either NaCl/Triton X-100 or high pH buffers hydrolyzes the dansyl-Phe-Ala-Arg substrate with a lower Km than the membrane-associated CPE. The Vmax of CPE present in extracts and membrane fractions after the NaCl/Triton X-100 treatment is twofold higher than in untreated membranes. Treatment of membranes with high pH buffers does not affect the Vmax of CPE in the soluble and particulate fractions. Pretreatment of membranes with bromoacetyl-D-arginine, an active site-directed irreversible inhibitor of CPE, blocks the activation by NaCl/Triton X-100 treatment. Thus the increase in CPE activity upon extraction from membranes is probably not because of the conversion of an inactive form to an active one, but is the result of changes in the conformation of the enzyme that effect the catalytic activity. PMID- 3149283 TI - Tissue plasminogen activator and acute pulmonary embolism. AB - We assessed the efficacy and safety of peripheral intravenous recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in 47 patients with angiographically documented pulmonary embolism (PE). We administered 50 mg/2 h and, if necessary, an additional 40 mg/4 h. By 6 hours, 94% of the patients had angiographic evidence of clot lysis that was slight in 5, moderate in 12, and marked in 27 patients. Among the 34 patients with pulmonary hypertension prior to treatment, average pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 43/17 (27) to 31/13 (19) mm Hg (P less than 0.0001). The average lung scan perfusion defect decreased from 37% before therapy to 16% (P less than 0.01) after therapy among the 19 patients who had pre- and post-treatment lung scans. Of 7 patients with pre- and post treatment imaging and Doppler echocardiograms, hypokinetic right ventricular wall movement (mild in 1, moderate in 2, and severe in 4) normalized in 5 and improved to mild hypokinesis in 2. Right ventricular diameter decreased from 3.9 +/- 1.0 to 2.0 +/- 0.5 cm (P less than 0.005). Fibrinogen decreased 33% from baseline at 2 h and 42% from baseline at 6 h. However, patients with the greatest degree of angiographic clot lysis at 2 h had a preponderance of fibrinogenolysis over fibrinolysis, demonstrated by a lower ratio of cross-linked fibrin degradation products to fibrin(ogen) degradation products (0.14 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.54 +/- 0.82) (P less than 0.04). Among selected patients, peripheral intravenous rt-PA is associated with rapid lysis of PE, improved pulmonary perfusion, and improved right ventricular function. PMID- 3149284 TI - The process of gas exchange in systemic circulation in a hyperbaric environment: an analytical approach. AB - A mathematical model is proposed to deal with the simultaneous transport of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in systemic capillaries and the surrounding tissue in a hyperbaric environment. The transport in the capillary region depends on molecular diffusion (radial as well as axial), the convective effect of the blood, and the saturation of haemoglobin with O2 and CO2. The corresponding equation in the tissue region describes the transport of the species due to radial and axial diffusion in the tissue and consumption of O2 in the metabolic process. The production of CO2 inside the tissue is incorporated through the respiratory quotient. The saturation of blood with O2 and CO2 have been approximated by linear functions to simulate the conditions of the hyperbaric environment. The resulting system of governing equations with the physiologically relevant boundary conditions is solved analytically. The concentration of O2 is shown to decrease from the core of the capillary to the tissue periphery, whereas the concentration of CO2 increases. It is shown that very little of the CO2 is transported radially. The location of the vulnerable point from the point of view of CO2 accumulation is found to be the corner (x = R2, z = L) situated at the periphery of the tissue near the venous end of the capillary. The accumulation of O2 and CO2 in the tissue is discussed in terms of various dimensionless parameters. It is found that the accumulation of CO2 increases whereas that of O2 decreases in the hyperbaric environment. Finally, it is surmised that one of the major causes of discomfort among divers could be excessive accumulation of CO2 in the tissue. PMID- 3149285 TI - [A case of Crohn's disease associated with secondary amyloidosis]. PMID- 3149286 TI - Behavior of human apolipoprotein A-I: phospholipid and apoHDL:phospholipid complexes in vitro and after injection into rabbits. AB - Apolipoprotein A-I was purified from human high density lipoprotein and complexed with polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PC) in deoxycholate (Lipostabil); the bile salt was removed subsequently by dialysis. The behavior of the resultant apoA-I/PC complexes was compared with that of Lipostabil in vitro and after injection into rabbits. In vivo apoA-I/PC complexes had the density of HDL throughout but had both alpha and pre beta electrophoretic mobility, the latter probably reflecting dissociation of apoA-I from PC. Lipostabil initially behaved like LDL but gradually acquired the density of HDL after incubation with plasma and in vivo. Both preparations increased plasma total phospholipids in normolipidemic rabbits to a similar extent, but, increments in HDL phospholipid were greater after apoA-I/PC complexes were injected. ApoHDL/PC complexes, prepared in a similar manner, appeared to promote efflux of cholesterol from perfused rabbit aortas in the presence of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, consistent with a stimulatory effect on cholesterol mobilization. Injection of apoHDL/PC complexes into hyperlipidemic rabbits decreased plasma cholesterol but increased HDL cholesterol, whereas Lipostabil decreased both. These findings suggest that human apoA-I/PC complexes resemble HDL in their behavior more closely than does Lipostabil, and show that both types of liposome undergo modification upon interaction with plasma. It remains to be shown whether they possess any therapeutic potential. PMID- 3149288 TI - An unusual cause of gastrointestinal bleeding: intestinal neurofibromatosis. PMID- 3149287 TI - Apolipoprotein gene expression in the rat is regulated in a tissue-specific manner by thyroid hormone. AB - We have studied the regulation of rat intestinal and hepatic apolipoprotein gene expression, in vivo, after alterations in thyroid hormone status. When compared to those of chow-fed controls, rates of synthesis of intestinal apoA-I and apoB 48 decreased 60-66% in hypothyroid animals and increased three- to fourfold after triiodothyronine (T3) administration. These changes were not accompanied by changes in mRNA abundance. By contrast, intestinal apoA-IV synthesis rates and mRNA abundance were both unaltered over the range of thyroid hormone manipulations tested. Hepatic apoA-I and apoA-IV synthesis rates decreased by 70 80% in hypothyroid animals, while synthesis rates and mRNA abundance increased coordinately six- to eightfold when hypothyroid rats were made hyperthyroid. Hepatic apoE synthesis rates increased twofold in hypothyroid rats and decreased sevenfold in hyperthyroid animals. ApoE mRNA abundance, however, was comparable in all groups. Hypothyroid animals had reduced synthesis rates of hepatic apoB 100 and apoB-48. After induction of hyperthyroidism, apoB-100 synthesis (studied from 5 to 60 min) was undetectable (less than 0.01%) without further change in apoB-48 synthesis and without alterations in either apoB mRNA abundance or transcript size. Despite undetectable hepatic apoB-100 synthesis rates in hyperthyroid animals, total plasma triglyceride secretion rates (after Triton WR 1339 injection) were normalized compared to a 50% decrease in hypothyroid rats. Taken together, the data provide evidence for tissue-specific, independent regulation of apolipoprotein gene expression in vivo. Furthermore, the data suggest that aspects of hepatic triglyceride assembly and secretion and apolipoprotein gene expression may be coordinately responsive to alterations in thyroid hormone status. PMID- 3149289 TI - Pompe's disease: report of a neonatal case. PMID- 3149290 TI - d,l-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine restores sympathetic control and cures orthostatic hypotension in dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - Two patients with congenital dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) deficiency were treated with d,l-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS), 500 mg twice daily. In this orthostatic syndrome the functional integrity of the sympathetic noradrenergic neuron is probably intact, but dopamine instead of noradrenaline is released as the neurotransmitter. In vitro l-DOPS may serve as a substrate for aromatic-l-amino-acid decarboxylase (ALAAD) to form physiological (-) noradrenaline. During infusion of d,l-threo-DOPS, 400 mg in 4 h, noradrenaline appeared in plasma and blood pressure rose, whereas plasma dopamine and the elevated venous:arterial ratio of plasma dopamine decreased. During chronic treatment supine blood pressure rose from 100-115/55-65 to 140-145/80-85 mmHg and orthostatic hypotension disappeared. After 12 and 6 months of treatment the patients are free of symptoms and they live a normal life. During chronic treatment, d,l-threo-DOPS, like plasma noradrenaline and dopamine, rose after standing, indicating release of the precursor after neuronal stimulation. After administration of tyramine plasma noradrenaline, dopamine and d,l-threo-DOPS and their respective venous:arterial ratios rose; this is further evidence of neuronal release. Thus, in DBH deficiency, dopamine instead of noradrenaline is released as a neurotransmitter, but the integrity of the sympathetic neuron is otherwise intact. Acting as an alternative substrate for ALAAD in the production of noradrenaline, DOPS is taken up by the neuron, restoring sympathetic control and thereby curing the orthostatic hypotension in DBH deficiency. PMID- 3149291 TI - Effects of first-line antihypertensive agents on sexual function and sex hormones. AB - We studied sexual dysfunction induced by antihypertensive agents in 156 male hypertensive patients. The antihypertensive agents were: trichloromethiazide, 2-4 mg; atenolol, 50-100 mg; captopril 37.5-75 mg; and slow release nifedipine 40-80 mg, administered every day for 1 year after a 2-4-week placebo period. Sexual dysfunction was checked by both a self-reporting questionnaire and a test for serum sex hormones. In the self-reporting questionnaire, the following items were requested: reduction of sexual desire, problems in obtaining and maintaining an erection, problems in ejaculation and the number of occasions of sexual intercourse. The sex hormones measured were testosterone, follicular stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and oestradiol. During the placebo period, 5% of the hypertensive patients complained of some sexual disturbance without any significant changes in the plasma levels of the sex hormones. In the short term (1-4 weeks) after the initiation of the antihypertensive therapy, all antihypertensive agents except captopril caused sexual dysfunction. Patients on atenolol or trichloromethiazide complained of every item listed. Those on slow release nifedipine complained mainly about problems in ejaculation. Serum levels of both testosterone and follicular stimulating hormone were significantly decreased while there was mild elevation of oestradiol in patients on atenolol. In the long term (1 year), only patients taking atenolol experienced sexual dysfunction and mild reduction of serum levels of testosterone. Our findings show that first-line antihypertensive agents have different effects on sexual function and that only captopril may have some advantages over the other agents in terms of the quality of sexual life. PMID- 3149292 TI - Singlet oxygen production and photoisomerization: two competitive processes for merocyanine 540 irradiated with visible light. AB - The quantum yields of singlet oxygen production by merocyanine 540 have been measured during visible light irradiation performed in methanol and ethanol. These appear to be one hundred times smaller than the quantum yield for rose bengal measured under the same conditions. Flash photolysis experiments demonstrate the ability of merocyanine 540 molecules to isomerize under visible light irradiation: the isomerization quantum yields are about 0.65 in both ethanol and methanol. This information combined with the fluorescence quantum yield data account for the low values for singlet oxygen production. PMID- 3149294 TI - Ozone depletion and skin cancer. PMID- 3149293 TI - Comparative characterization of the substrate-binding subsites in subtilisins DY and Carlsberg by fluorescence and kinetic studies. AB - Peptide chloromethanes with the general formula dansyl-(Ala)n-Phe-CH2Cl where n = 0, 1, 2, 3 and dansyl fluoride were used to investigate the substrate-binding sites A and B in subtilisins DY and Carlsberg. Kinetic evidence for the introduction of the dansyl group at the subsites S2, S3, S4 and S5 were obtained. Fluorescence experiments showed that the micro-environment of these subsites is quite apolar. However, some differences in their accessibility to external reagents can be revealed in fluorescence quenching experiments. Efficient singlet singlet radiationless energy transfer from the single Trp 113 to the dansyl group selectively bound at the respective subsites was observed and intramolecular distances between the chromophores were determined. The values calculated for the pairs Trp 113 plus Dns at S2, Trp 113 plus Dns at S4 and Trp 113 plus Dns at S5 are practically identical (1.7-2.0 nm) for the two enzymes. Conclusions on the shape of the substrate-binding sites in subtilisins DY and Carlsberg are drawn. The mutual spatial orientation of the donor (Trp 113) and acceptor (Dns at Sn) dipoles is also elucidated. PMID- 3149295 TI - Delivery systems for hydrophobic drugs. PMID- 3149296 TI - Time-resolved fluorescence in photobiology. AB - The article focuses on techniques and applications of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy in biology and medicine. Both novel methods and well-established ones are discussed and future trends are outlined. Applications including fluorescence detection of nucleic acids, proteins, coenzymes and plant pigments and fluorescence labelling of nuclei, membranes and antibodies are outlined. In addition the fluorescence properties of photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy are discussed. PMID- 3149297 TI - Photophysical, photochemical and photobiological properties of pyrrolocoumarins; a new class of photoactive compounds. AB - With the aim of finding new photoactive compounds that may reduce the side effects of 8-methoxypsoralen photochemotherapy we report on some photophysical, photochemical and photobiological properties of recently synthesized pyrrolocoumarins, in particular 4-methyl-N-ethyl-pyrrolo[3,2-g]coumarin (PCNEt) which has an absorption maximum in the UV-A (320-400 nm). Laser (347 nm) flash photolysis studies showed triplet transients that were quenched by O2 and by ground state PCNEt. Singlet minus triplet spectra were broad (350-550 nm) and, at 700 nm, indicated solvated electron and radical production. PCNEt complexes with DNA in the dark and photobinds to thymine but does not form DNA cross-links. PCNEt was phototoxic in yeast with an action spectrum similar to its absorption spectrum. PCNEt showed photohaemolytic activity but was not phototoxic on guinea pig skin. These data suggest that PCNEt may photosensitize via several mechanisms: direct DNA photobinding, photodynamic action, or photoproduction of radicals. PMID- 3149298 TI - Naming visual pigments. PMID- 3149299 TI - The accumulation of porphyrins in atheroma: potential for diagnosis and treatment? PMID- 3149300 TI - Light-induced redistribution and photobleaching of protoporphyrin in erythrocytes from patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria: an explanation of the rapid fading of fluorocytes. AB - Erythrocytes from patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) contain large amounts of protoporphyrin. By fluorescence microscopy it has been found that the erythrocytes show red fluorescence which fades very rapidly. During irradiation of erythrocytes from patients with EPP, a decrease in the fluorescence intensity and a red shift in the fluorescence emission maximum is observed. Since the human eye has a diminishing sensitivity in the red part of the spectrum, the red shift will augment the fluorescence decrease observed in the microscope. The decrease in fluorescence intensity is greater than what would be expected by photobleaching of protoporphyrin alone. We suggest that the rapid fading of fluorocytes observed in a fluorescence microscope can be explained both by photoinduced detachment of protoporphyrin from hemoglobin followed by a redistribution to the erythrocyte membrane and by protoporphyrin photobleaching. PMID- 3149301 TI - The molecular topography of phytochrome: chromophore and apoprotein. AB - Phytochrome serves as the photochromic receptor for a number of morphogenic and developmental responses to red light in higher plants. The photoreversible phototransformation of 124 kDa oat phytochrome involves several structural changes in the chromophore and the apoprotein, including a configurational/conformational isomerization and secondary/tertiary structural changes respectively. For example, there appears to be a specific interaction between the chromophore and the amino terminus segment in the Pfr form of phytochrome, which results in a photoreversible peptide folding of the amino terminus peptide chain. Other structural changes also accompany the phototransformation, as has been probed by peptide mapping, phosphorylation, and monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3149302 TI - Binding of Ru(bpy)3(2+) and Ru(phen)3(2+) to polynucleotides and DNA: effect to added salts on the absorption and luminescence properties. AB - The interactions of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) chloride and tris-(1,10 phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) chloride, Ru(bpy)3Cl2 and Ru(phen)3Cl2 respectively, with nucleic acids were studied by means of absorption spectroscopy and time resolved and steady state luminescence techniques in unbuffered aqueous solution at room temperature as a function of added salt, oxygen and the [nucleotide]/[sensitizer] ratio (N/S). The hypochromicity of the visible absorption band of Ru(ligand)3(2+) and the changes in the luminescence intensity and luminescence decay kinetics are considerably larger in the presence of double stranded calf thymus DNA (dsDNA) than in the presence of single-stranded DNA and polynucleotides. This is suggested to be the result of partial intercalation of the ruthenium complex into the dsDNA rather than just its higher charge density with respect to ssDNA. Spectral changes in the presence of dsDNA increase with increasing N/S ratio (maximum changes reached at N/S = 10-12, half-value 3-4). This is postulated to be due to a transition from mainly electrostatic binding to a binding in which partial intercalation plays an increased role. Addition of alkali or alkaline earth salts at very low concentrations stabilizes partial intercalation whereas higher salt concentrations lead to a release of the ruthenium complex from the strand. This effect of the salt cation increases in the order Cs less than Rb less than K less than Na less than Li less than Ba less than Sr less than Ca less than Mg less than Be. For Ru(bpy)3(2+) the presence of 0.5 mM Mg(ClO4)2 or 6 mM NaClO4 are sufficient to release 50% of the ruthenium complexes which are bound to the dsDNA (N/S = 10); the corresponding half concentrations for Ru(phen)3(2+) are 0.8 mM and 40 mM respectively. The half concentrations for release increase with increasing N/S ratio and decrease with the ionic radius of the added salt. PMID- 3149303 TI - Introduction of a programme for intravascular transfusions at severe rhesus isoimmunization. AB - Thirty-seven fetuses with severe rhesus isoimmunization with a gestational age of less than 30 week underwent 92 intravascular transfusions. Of these, 77 were intracardiac, 13 umbilical vein and two umbilical artery transfusions. Procedure related complications occurred at eight (10%) intracardiac and at two (14%) umbilical cord transfusions. Reversal of hydrops was observed in 10 of 16 fetuses. The perinatal mortality among transfusion treated fetuses was 8/37 (21%). It is concluded that intravascular, intrauterine transfusion leads to improved results among fetuses with early onset of hydrops. Problems concerning indications and technique are discussed. PMID- 3149304 TI - Hormone release by primary amniotic fluid cell cultures. AB - Amniotic fluid cells have been widely used in prenatal diagnosis; however, there is great heterogeneity of the cells and their origin. In this study we analyze the karyotype and release of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS), free estriol (E 3), prolactin (PRL) and progesterone (P) of amniotic fluid cells from primary cultures of six normal and two anencephalic fetuses. In all the amniotic fluid samples there was release of hCG; in one amniotic fluid, in which several tetraploid colonies were found. PRL and P were also released. The heterogeneity of amniotic fluid cell morphology and their hormone release in culture was confirmed. The presence of hormones like hCG supports the trophoblastic origin of some amniotic fluid cells from normal and anencephalic fetuses. Other hormones, such as PRL and P could be used in the differential diagnosis between the karyotype of fetal membranes and the true fetal karyotype. Amniotic fluid cell cultures used in prenatal diagnosis yielded second trimester placental cells without any elaborate methods that could be used as cell models for hormone studies. PMID- 3149305 TI - The antireflux feeding gastrostomy: an improved method. AB - For patients who are not able to maintain nutrition by normal oral feeding, the choices of nutritional support can be parenteral, enteral, or gastric. Very little has been written in recent surgical literature about permanent feeding gastrostomies. Dissatisfaction with the conventional Stamm and Witzel gastrostomies prompted the authors to devise an improved method that creates a stapler-constructed, proximally based, antral gastric tube with an antireflux valve made by imbricating the gastric wall around the base of the gastric tube. Forty such procedures done between 1982 and 1984 were reviewed.When properly constructed, this antireflux feeding gastrostomy has the distinct advantage of being physiologic, economical, and easy to maintain for long-term use. If the patient recovers to the point of no longer needing the feeding gastrostomy, the tube stoma can be closed easily under local anesthesia. PMID- 3149306 TI - Neurofibromatosis in Nigerian children. AB - A study of 14 children with multiple neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease) seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital within a six-year period (1979-1985) has been conducted. Eight patients were boys and six were girls. The youngest was aged 3 months. The cafe-au-lait spots that were observed in all these patients showed poor color contrast, thus making this condition not easily discernible in infancy and an early diagnosis difficult. These spots are perhaps better called "cafe-sans-lait" or blackish-brown spots in the African patient. Hyperpigmented patches were observed in eight (57 percent) patients and multiple, grotesque, soft tissue swellings were observed in ten (71 percent) others. Prolonged follow-up is mandatory in these patients so as to provide them with a better quality of life. PMID- 3149308 TI - Maternal and neonatal group B streptococcal bacteriuria. PMID- 3149307 TI - Health care financing policy for hospitalized black patients. AB - The Medicare diagnostic-related group (DRG) prospective payment model is changing hospital payment. Currently many states are using DRG prospective "all payer systems" for hospital reimbursement. In all payer systems, Medicare, Medicaid, Blue Cross, and other commercial insurers pay by the DRG mode; New York State has had an all payer system since January 1, 1988. This study simulated DRG all payer methods on a large sample (N = 6,134) of adult black medical and surgical patients for a three-year period using both federal and New York DRG reimbursement. Both Medicare and Medicaid patients had, on average, a longer hospital stay and total hospital cost compared with patients covered by Blue Cross and other commercial insurers. Medicare and Medicaid patients also had a greater severity of illness compared with those of Blue Cross and others. All insurers (ie, Medicaid, Blue Cross, Medicare, and commercial) generated substantial financial risk under the DRG all payer scheme. These data suggest that federal, state, and private payers may be under-reimbursing for the care of the hospitalized black patient using the DRG prospective hospital payment scheme. Health care financing policy such as that demonstrated in this study may limit both the access and quality of care for many black patients in the future. PMID- 3149309 TI - Hepatitis non A-non B--report of a water-borne outbreak. PMID- 3149310 TI - Quality assessment of the Reflotron System. A blood chemistry reagent strip analyser. PMID- 3149311 TI - High altitude pulmonary oedema--response to exercise and cold on systemic and pulmonary vascular beds. PMID- 3149312 TI - Birth asphyxia. PMID- 3149313 TI - Gastric cancer in Karachi--some preliminary observations. PMID- 3149314 TI - Human environmental control: lead levels in blood. PMID- 3149315 TI - A study of HIV-antibody in sera of blood donors and people at risk. PMID- 3149316 TI - Anal eroticism: self introduced foreign bodies in the rectum. PMID- 3149317 TI - Opium intake in infants and children in Baluchistan. PMID- 3149318 TI - Plumbum! Karachi, quo vadis? PMID- 3149319 TI - Screening for cervical cancer by Pap smear. PMID- 3149320 TI - Endoscopic periurethral Teflon injection. PMID- 3149321 TI - Responsiveness of rat pituitary gland in vitro to pulsatile luteinising hormone releasing hormone(LHRH) during the oestrous cycle. PMID- 3149323 TI - Hydatid cyst in the groin--a case report. PMID- 3149322 TI - Labelling of sucralfate using technetium labelled bovine serum albumin--an alternate to Tc99m-HSA. PMID- 3149324 TI - Strengths and weaknesses of highly selective vagotomy as treatment of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 3149325 TI - [Recent trend of incidence of respiratory pathogenic bacteria and its susceptibility to antimicrobial agents: studies in the year 1984-1986]. AB - Based on a quantitative analysis of sputum cultures, pathogenic bacteria in respiratory ailments isolated in our laboratory during 1984 to 1986 were classified and analyzed. During the study period, the most frequently isolated agent was Haemophilus influenzae followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Branhamella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. They together consisted of 70 approximately 74% of all the respiratory pathogenic bacteria isolated in our study. Susceptibilities of above pathogens to antimicrobial agents were investigated using the agar dilution method. Results are summarized as follows. 1. Ratio of proportion of beta-lactamase producing strains among non beta lactamase producing strains of H. influenzae markedly decreased in 1986 (6/70, 8.6%) as compared to previous years (11/73, 15.1% in 1984 and 8/49, 16.3% in 1985). In consequence, MIC90 values for penicillins reduced considerably in 1986. Among the antibiotics examined cefmenoxime (CMX) and cefotaxime (CTX) were the most active agents against H. influenzae. A development of resistance to other cephems and new quinolones (norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin) was not evident during the 3-year survey. 2. Against S. pneumoniae, benzylpenicillin was still the most active agent despite gradual increase of frequency of isolation. Ampicillin (ABPC), piperacillin (PIPC), CMX and CTX were also potent against S. pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae were frequently isolated from patients treated with new quinolones or minocycline (MINO). This phenomenon may be explained by higher MIC values of these agents against S. pneumoniae. 3. Of B. catarrhalis strains isolated, more than 80% were beta-lactamase positive, although MIC90 were not so high (1.56 micrograms/ml for ABPC and 0.20 micrograms/ml for PIPC). Among the antibiotics tested, latamoxef was the most active agent against B. catarrhalis and inhibited all the strains at a concentration of 0.05 micrograms/ml or less. No resistant strains were observed against cephems, new quinolones, erythromycin or MINO. 4. P. aeruginosa appeared to be rapidly developing resistance against new quinolones in patients with chronic P. aeruginosa respiratory infections who had been treated with these agents. In treating chronic respiratory infection due to P. aeruginosa, one must be watchful of rapid development of resistance by the organism or its replacement with S. pneumoniae. PMID- 3149326 TI - [Clinical experience with ofloxacin in the treatment of chronic respiratory tract disease aggravated by acute infection]. AB - We studied the clinical usefulness of ofloxacin (OFLX) in 13 patients with chronic respiratory tract diseases aggravated by acute infections with identified causative bacteria. 1. Overall clinical efficacies were: highly effective 5, effective 6, slightly effective 2, and ineffective none, showing an efficacy rate of 84.6%. 2. In 6 patients with fever of over 37 degrees C, time lengths in days for symptoms to have been alleviated due to OFLX treatment were; 1 day: 4 cases, 3 days: 1 case and 5 days: 1 case (2.0 days on average). 3. As to bacterial transitions, in 9 of 10 patients Haemophilus influenzae was eliminated and in 1 patient it was substituted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In 3 patients Branhamella catarrhalis was eliminated and in 1 patient, the number of P. aeruginosa was reduced. OFLX is expected to have a potent bacteriological effect on H. influenzae and B. catarrhalis. 4. As to side effects, 1 of the 13 patients (7.7%) complained of discomfort in the epigastrium. This discomfort disappeared when a gastric mucosa protective agent was administered. There was no abnormality in laboratory test values. Judging from the above results, we consider OFLX a useful drug for the treatment of patients with chronic respiratory tract diseases aggravated by acute infections. PMID- 3149327 TI - AV nodal reentrant tachycardia with a bystander Mahaim fiber. AB - A 13 year old boy had a wide QRS complex tachycardia. A discontinuity in the AV nodal functional curve was observed in the electrophysiologic study. The AV internal was prolonged in association with progressive ventricular preexcitation. At maximal preexcitation, the HV interval was -20 msec and the QRS complex was identical to that seen during clinical tachycardia. No VA conduction was found and atrial premature beats did not affect the tachycardia. The His deflection was found at variable timing when tachycardia was induced. These findings confirmed that tachycardia originated within the AV node and was conducted to the ventricle over the Mahaim fiber. The short effective period of the Mahaim fiber had clinical significance since when atrial fibrillation developed, a rapid ventricular response was observed. PMID- 3149329 TI - [Non-post-transfusion hepatitis]. PMID- 3149328 TI - [The prospect of non-A, non-B hepatitis research]. PMID- 3149330 TI - [Heterogeneity of the non-A, non-B hepatitis virus]. PMID- 3149332 TI - [Histological classification of non-A, non-B hepatitis by light microscopy]. PMID- 3149331 TI - [Epidemic non-A, non-B viral hepatitis--animal model and causative virus]. PMID- 3149333 TI - [Cellular immunity and humoral immunity in non-A, non-B hepatitis]. PMID- 3149334 TI - [Diagnosis of viral hepatitis and current status and problems of diagnosis of non A, non-B hepatitis]. PMID- 3149335 TI - [Diagnostic criteria in post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis]. PMID- 3149336 TI - [The changes in serum enzyme in non-A, non-B hepatitis]. PMID- 3149337 TI - [Differential diagnosis of non-A, non-B hepatitis and drug-induced hepatopathy]. PMID- 3149338 TI - [Sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis--frequency and familial aggregation]. PMID- 3149339 TI - [Epidemic non-A, non-B hepatitis]. PMID- 3149340 TI - [Post-transfusion acute non-A, non-B hepatitis]. PMID- 3149341 TI - [Treatment of non-A, non-B hepatitis with interferon--effectiveness and administration methods]. PMID- 3149342 TI - [Treatment of non-A, non-B hepatitis with glycyrrhizin]. PMID- 3149343 TI - [Treatment of non-A, non-B hepatitis with immunopotentiator OK-432]. PMID- 3149345 TI - [Treatment of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis with recombinant interleukin-2]. PMID- 3149344 TI - [Treatment of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis with a combination therapy of interferon and an immunopotentiator]. PMID- 3149346 TI - [Route of transmission and prevention of non-A, non-B hepatitis]. PMID- 3149347 TI - [Maternal-fetal transmission of non-A, non-B viral hepatitis]. PMID- 3149348 TI - [Non-A, non-B hepatitis virus and heat-treated blood products]. PMID- 3149349 TI - [Clinical study of collagen diseases and complement abnormalities]. PMID- 3149350 TI - [Progress in clinical methods of complement system analysis and data interpretation]. PMID- 3149351 TI - [Study on the injury of the vessel wall in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 3149352 TI - [A case of Tangier disease]. PMID- 3149353 TI - [Hyaluronic acid synthetase in newborn mouse epidermis]. PMID- 3149354 TI - An experimental model of chemotherapy on dormant tuberculous infection, with particular reference to rifampicin. AB - Mice were infected intravenously with a streptomycin (SM)-dependent strain of tubercle bacilli which had been starved of the antibiotic. The inoculum persisted in the spleen for a fairly long period, especially keeping almost the initial level of viable counts in the first few weeks. Isoniazid (INH) administration exerted little effect on such fate of the infection at a bactericidal dose to the same strain multiplying under the supply of SM. Rifampicin (RFP) was, however, highly effective in either case. Similar results were obtained in the corresponding in vitro experiments. The data suggest that this animal model is a convenient system for screening drugs effective on the dormant tuberculous infection. PMID- 3149355 TI - Evaluation of the whole blood lymphocyte transformation assay for scrub typhus exposure: adaptability to field sample collection. AB - The optimal conditions for the determination of exposure to scrub typhus by the whole blood lymphocyte transformation assay was 7 days culture of 10% blood in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% human AB-negative serum and L-glutamine with 50-200 micrograms protein/ml of Karp, Kato, or Gilliam strain membrane antigen. A simple exponentially decaying linear model shows the decrease in lymphocyte viability, the ability of sensitized cells to be stimulated with PHA mitogen, and the corresponding decrease in stimulation by scrub typhus antigens with increasing time of preincubation on ice. The lower limit of stimulation index for the detection of scrub typhus by whole blood lymphocyte transformation assay was 4.0 with a type I error of 1%. PMID- 3149356 TI - Acute kindling: interstimulation interval effects and spontaneous interictal or ictal epileptiform discharges. AB - With regard to "acute kindling" that signifies progressive changes in various epileptiform discharges produced with repeated electrical stimulations in a brief time span in acute experiments, the interstimulation interval effect was examined. Kindling developments produced respectively with 3 and 30-minute interval stimulations to the visual cortex of rabbits were compared with each other. Eventually, in kindling with a longer interstimulation interval, after discharges induced in every trial of stimulation were often lengthened in duration more prominently than those with the shorter interstimulation interval and, furthermore, occasional slight relapses in the afterdischarge duration occurred more infrequently in the former than in the latter. These results suggest that the interstimulation interval plays an important role in the development of acute kindling, presumably in relation to postictal inhibition. In addition, spontaneous interictal or ictal epileptiform discharges occasionally arising during the 3-minute interstimulation intervals were reported. These spontaneous discharges may suggest a high epileptogenicity in acute kindling. PMID- 3149357 TI - Acute kindling: discrepancy between lengthening of after-discharge duration and increase of field EPSP evoked in kindled site during interstimulation interval. AB - For studies on acute kindling that signifies the progressive changes in various epileptiform discharges produced with repeated electrical stimulations within a brief time span in acute experiments, changes in field EPSP and IPSP evoked in the unilateral visual cortex of rabbits by single shocks to the adjacent visual region were serially observed during and after kindling produced with a 15-minute interval stimulation repeatedly applied to the same visual cortex. Eventually, both the field EPSP and IPSP in the primary kindled site were progressively potentiated at each postictal or interictal stage during the acute kindling, and these potentiations lasted for hours allowed for acute experiments. However, a clear discrepancy was observed between the increase in the field EPSP and the lengthening of the after-discharge duration reflecting a progressive development of epileptiform discharges in acute kindling. These results suggest that long term potentiation (LTP) has no parallel correlation to kindling development, although there is no denying the fact that LTP may be at least partly responsible for kindling development. PMID- 3149358 TI - Visual cortical kindling in rabbit--consideration of difference between species. AB - Visual cortical kindling was studied in chronically prepared rabbits with regard to the electrographic progress of epileptiform discharge trains following the daily stimulation and corresponding ictal behaviors. The spread of epileptiform discharges from the stimulated visual cortex to the parietal and frontal cortices of the stimulated side was observed early with the development of independent discharges in these parietal and frontal regions, accompanied by ictal motor symptoms of the contralateral side. In view of the past studies on rats, cats and monkeys, it was considered that such a spread in the neocortex and corresponding ictal behaviors might be specific to the rabbit. PMID- 3149359 TI - Acute effects of sodium valproate on epileptic photosensitivity in the lateral geniculate-kindled cat. AB - Epileptic photosensitivity was acquired as a result of kindling in the lateral geniculate body (GL), and a GL-kindled cat pretreated with DL-allylglycine was found to be a useful model of epilepsy for assessing the efficacy of anticonvulsant drugs. In the present study the acute anticonvulsant effects of sodium valproate (VPA) were examined in the GL-kindled cat under DL-allylglycine. An intravenous injection of VPA at 50 mg/kg induced a protective action against photically induced seizures and paroxysmal EEG activities. This protection persisted for up to 4 hours of the observation period and corresponded to plasma concentrations (61 to 123 micrograms/ml) similar to those considered therapeutic in humans. The present findings are consistent with those obtained in other animal models of photosensitive epilepsy, and lend experimental support to the idea that VPA possesses antiepileptic activity in human photosensitive epilepsy. PMID- 3149360 TI - Rational treatment of refractory epilepsy in childhood. AB - A multifaceted study on childhood refractory epilepsy disclosed an insufficient classification of epilepsies and epileptic seizures, and inappropriate polypharmacy as the most important factors preventing appropriate therapy. By means of an adjustment of AEDs based on the accurate classification of epilepsies and epileptic seizures, the number of AEDs could be reduced in 37.5% and monotherapy was successful in 13.8% of refractory cases. Most of the latter were those of partial epilepsy and generalized epilepsy with the monoseizure type. The exacerbation of seizures due to AEDs was also mentioned as one of the important side effects of AEDs. PMID- 3149361 TI - Simplification of antiepileptic pharmacotherapy: from the viewpoint of rational management for epilepsy. AB - Rational management for epilepsy was investigated mainly from the viewpoint of antiepileptic pharmacotherapy. At first, diagnoses were reviewed by the ILAE classification for epilepsies and epileptic syndromes in 603 patients who visited a newly-established outpatient clinic for epilepsy and problems concerning the diagnosis of epilepsy were pointed out. Then, habitual pharmacotherapy in the past was assessed critically in cases where details of treatment before hospital attendance could be known. Further, the results of prospectively conducted simplification of pharmacotherapy where the appropriate choice of drugs and dosage were taken into account were reported. Furthermore, questions about the conventional criteria for drug effect evaluation were described and new criteria through which the influence on the daily life was also evaluated were presented. Finally, from the standpoint of comprehensive treatment, the system of rational management was discussed. PMID- 3149362 TI - Mono- or polytherapy and the severity of epilepsies. AB - 1. Out of 295 outpatients who were followed up by our staff for longer than 4 years, a total of 196 patients was subjected to this retrospective study. The inclusion criterion was that they had inevitably been placed on polytherapy of two or more anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). In other words, they had failed to reach monotherapy for some reasons. 2. One of the determinant factors for the success or failure of monotherapy was the type of epilepsies. Namely, primary generalized epilepsy (PGE) was relatively easy to attain by monotherapy regardless of the seizure type, whereas secondary generalized epilepsy (SGE) with combined seizures and secondary partial epilepsy (SPE) with mixed seizures were not infrequently difficult to be placed on a monotherapy regimen. In the latter case, however, an abrupt withdrawal of AEDs was apt to cause an exacerbation of seizures. 3. There were some patients who could reach a complete freedom from seizures as a result of bi- or polytherapy and became socially adaptable and acceptable. They themselves are, if not all, afraid of a possible relapse of seizures produced by a reduction in the number of AEDs hitherto prescribed. In some cases, a family member may refuse monotherapy, or even physicians are reluctant to switch to monotherapy because the patients have experienced status epilepticus in the past.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3149363 TI - Complex partial status epilepticus of frontal lobe origin. AB - Nonconvulsive status epilepticus may be subdivided into generalized (absence) status and complex partial status. The latter is generally considered as a rare condition, whereas the former is fairly common to have been reported in many articles. We have reported here a case of complex partial status epilepticus in which the seizure origin was thought to be located in the frontal but not temporal lobe. After looking over the relevant literatures we commented that the incidence of complex partial status of extratemporal origin does not seem to be as rare as it has been believed to be. The main reason for this is the frequency with which it is misdiagnosed. The diagnostic errors are due to a failure to recognize the epileptic cause of the attacks or to appreciate localizing the clinical seizure characteristics and misleading scalp EEG findings. By making a closer observation of clinical manifestations, the likelihood that a correct diagnosis can be made will be increased. PMID- 3149364 TI - Evolution of the epileptic EEG foci in children with febrile convulsions. PMID- 3149366 TI - The clinical and electroencephalographic studies of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. PMID- 3149365 TI - An investigation on the borderland of severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy. PMID- 3149367 TI - A variety of clinical symptoms in children with rolandic discharges. PMID- 3149368 TI - A prospective WISC-R study in children with epilepsy. AB - A prospective intraindividual study of WISC-R testing in the 45 children with epilepsy revealed that: 1) antiepileptic drugs, phenobarbital in particular, resulted in a detrimental effect on the WISC-R scores, 2) of the WISC-R subtests, vocabulary tasks of the verbal test were the most susceptible indicators in children whose FSIQ scores either improved or deteriorated, and 3) in children whose antiepileptic drug dosage remained unchanged while the seizure frequency remained unchanged, both the VIQ and PIQ scores decreased. It was evident that either recurrent seizures or inappropriate medication may exert a detrimental effect on intelligence as expressed by the WISC-R testing. In addition, the possibility that the underlying cerebral pathology associated with the etiology of epilepsy may play a role in a progressive intellectual deterioration was suggested. PMID- 3149369 TI - Focal spike discharges in children not suffering from clinical epilepsy. PMID- 3149370 TI - A clinical study on frontal lobe epilepsy. AB - Of 30 patients whose epileptogenic focus was presumed to be located in the frontal lobe on the basis of a clinico-electrographic correlation, the principal seizure manifestation consisted of peculiar automatisms in about 40% of the cases. However, the nature of the automatisms was of a short duration lasting about one minute but in most cases it was accompanied by extremely violent movements, but this was not true in all cases. Of the 30 cases, only 5 cases showed marked improvement one year after being discharged from the hospital so that this type of seizure event is extremely intractable. PMID- 3149371 TI - The relationship between psychiatric disturbance and epilepsy type with special reference to age factor. PMID- 3149372 TI - Clinical and electroencephalographical study on patients with epilepsy over 40 years of age. PMID- 3149373 TI - A trial of once-daily administration of KW6066N for patients with benign rolandic and primary generalized epilepsy. PMID- 3149374 TI - The antiepileptic effect of zonisamide on patients with refractory seizures and its side effect. PMID- 3149376 TI - Surgical treatment and indication of intractable epilepsy. PMID- 3149375 TI - Trial of a minimum doses of L-dopa (0.5 mg/kg/day) on intractable epilepsy associated with tuberous sclerosis. PMID- 3149377 TI - Frontal lobe epilepsy in childhood. PMID- 3149378 TI - A case with attacks of right arm pain after disappearance of absence seizures. PMID- 3149379 TI - Ictal EEG of epileptic crying seizure: report of a case. PMID- 3149380 TI - Cerebral arteriovenous malformation in 11-year-old boy--a case report. PMID- 3149381 TI - Positron emission tomography in partial epilepsy and its relation to clinical and EEG findings. PMID- 3149382 TI - Relationship between sleep-wakefulness cycle and regional cerebral blood flow in kainic acid-induced epileptic focus in hippocampus. AB - Concurrent monitorings of polygraph and continuous measurements of rCBF of the epileptic focus were made in the nonanesthetized chronic cats. The influences of the sleep-wakefulness cycle on IIDs and rCBF of the epileptic focus of the hippocampus were analyzed. 1) IIDs increased remarkably during LSW and DSW but not as much as during DSW-P. 2) The rCBF decreased gradually during LSW and DSW. But the rCBF during DSW-P increased slightly as compared to that of DSW. 3) The frequencies of IIDs increased in association with hypoperfusion of the epileptic focus. 4) The spiking rate of the hippocampal focus decreased with the appearance of PGO during the deep slow wave sleep stages. PMID- 3149383 TI - A morphological study comparing cortical neurons of focal epilepsy in humans with those of cobalt-induced focal epilepsy in cats. PMID- 3149384 TI - [A case of pulmonary Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia]. PMID- 3149385 TI - [A case of malignant pleural mesothelioma and its sensitivity tests for anti cancer drugs]. PMID- 3149386 TI - Evaluation of the rabbit as a model for Chagas' disease. I. Parasitological studies. AB - In order to investigate the value of the rabbit as an experimental model for Chagas' disease, 72 animals have been inoculated by intraperitoneal and conjunctival route with bloodstream forms, vector-derived metacyclic trypomastigotes and tissue culture trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi strains Y, CL and Ernane. In 95.6% of the animals trypomastigotes had been detected at the early stages of infection by fresh blood examination. The course of parasitemia at the acute phase was strongly influenced by the parasite strain and route of inoculation. At the chronic phase parasites had been recovered by xenodiagnosis and/or hemoculture in 40% of the examined animals. The xenodiagnosis studies have shown selective interactions between the T. cruzi strains and the four species of vectors used, inducing significant variability in the results. The data herein present are consistent with the parasitological requirements established for a suitable model for chronic Chagas' disease. PMID- 3149387 TI - Probable extension of schistosomiasis mansoni to southernmost Brazil. PMID- 3149388 TI - HIV antibodies in beggar blood donors in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PMID- 3149390 TI - Ribosomal proteins from archaebacteria: high-performance liquid chromatographic purification for microsequence analysis. PMID- 3149389 TI - Antibody probes of ribosomal RNA. PMID- 3149391 TI - Measurement of relative carbon flux in alpha- and beta-keto pathways of leucine metabolism. PMID- 3149392 TI - Isolation and characterization of leucine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 3149393 TI - Determination of branched-chain amino and keto acids with leucine dehydrogenase. PMID- 3149394 TI - Isolation and properties of the branched-chain 2-keto acid and pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex from Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 3149395 TI - Purification of methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO. PMID- 3149396 TI - Effect of UV-irradiation on some aspects of metabolic activities in Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium notatum. AB - Near-UV (NUV) irradiation was found to stimulate protein synthesis in Penicillium notatum and Aspergillus flavus. DNA was also induced by short periods of NUV (10 and 20 min) in P. notatum. Synthesis of DNA in A. flavus decreased under the same treatment and then increased when irradiation was for long periods. The reverse of this observation was seen in the case of RNA synthesis, while RNA synthesis was significantly inhibited by NUV in P. notatum. Induction of RNA synthesis was observed in A. flavus. Far-UV (FUV) irradiation induced protein synthesis in P. notatum and A. flavus; the increase was more pronounced in A. flavus. FUV slightly inhibited DNA synthesis in P. notatum, but the synthesis in A. flavus was fairly constant. RNA synthesis was reversed to a certain extent by FUV in both fungi. UV irradiation produced no effect on the process of lipid synthesis. Total soluble carbohydrates were decreased by NUV in P. notatum and increased markedly in A. flavus (240 min NUV). FUV irradiation resulted in an increase in total soluble carbohydrates in both fungi. PMID- 3149397 TI - Bacteria of public health significance in blackcurrant juice. AB - A total of 192 samples of blackcurrant juice were investigated for hygienic quality and drug resistance. The average aerobic bacteria in 1 ml of the blackcurrant juice was 4.8 x 10(8) and the average MPN was 8.4 x 10(2) coliform/100 ml. The percentage of the samples contaminated with coliform bacteria was 23.4. The incidence of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and faecal streptococci were 19.8, 9.9, 29.2, 14.0 and 18.2%, respectively. Biochemical and serological studies showed that 10.5% of total Escherichia coli were enteropathogenic E. coli. Of sixty strains tested against six antibacterial drugs, 57% were resistant to one or more of the drugs. The incidence of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulphonamide, streptomycin, tetracyline and gentamycin was 40.0, 25.0, 43.3, 18.3, 20.0 and 8.3%, respectively. PMID- 3149398 TI - The cloning of the rorB gene of Escherichia coli. AB - A segment of the Escherichia coli genome which complements the ionising radiation sensitivity of the rorB mutation was cloned into pBR322. This DNA segment also complements the mitomycin C sensitivity of the rorB mutation. The gene was subcloned until defined in a fragment of 1.05 kb. Only one gene product, a protein of approximately 16.5 kDa, was found on maxicell analysis of the various subclones. Iso-electric focusing of this gene product suggests it may function in a complex. PMID- 3149400 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone enhances event-related brain potentials and growth hormone release in man. AB - Changes in contingent negative variation (CNV), a brain-evoked potential related in arousal, as well as in serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), cortisol and growth hormone (GH) levels were recorded in 12 male volunteers receiving either thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or saline infusion. Only during TRH administration an increase in CNV (P less than 0.02) and, 30 min later, in GH (P less than 0.05) occurred; thyroid hormones and PRL increased as well, in the absence of any correlation with CNV areas. Cortisol was not affected by TRH. As dopamine (DA) agonistic drugs notoriously increase both CNV areas and GH levels and experimental evidence for prodopaminergic properties of TRH has accumulated in animal models, a possible explanation of the results here presented might be the activation of DA pathways by TRH also in the human. PMID- 3149401 TI - Relationship between spike-wave discharges and vigilance levels in rats with spontaneous petit mal-like epilepsy. AB - The relationship between states of vigilance and spike and wave discharges (SWD) was examined during 12 hours in 4 Wistar rats from a strain bred for spontaneous generalized non-convulsant seizures. On the basis of cortical and hippocampal EEG and EMG activity, wakefulness (W), slow wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical sleep (REM) were distinguished. Of the SWD 86% occurred during quiet W, 14% during the first minutes of SWS. No SWD occurred during active wakefulness and they were exceptional during REM. These results show that the states of quiet W and transitional states favour the SWD in rats with petit mal-like epilepsy, as in human petit mal. PMID- 3149399 TI - The isolation and preliminary characterisation of a novel Escherichia coli mutant rorB with enhanced sensitivity to ionising radiation. AB - Escherichia coli K803 cells were mutagenized and screened for the presence of clones sensitive to gamma-rays but not to ultraviolet light. One new mutant of this type, named rorB, was isolated. This mutant is both cross-sensitive to mitomycin C and shows reduced conjugal recombination frequencies, but to a lesser extent than the phenotypically similar mutant recN. Unlike previously reported mutants of E. coli or yeast with an enhanced sensitivity to ionising radiations, rorB appears to be near wild type in ability to rejoin DNA double-strand breaks. The rorB gene maps close to ilvGEDAC at 84.5 min of the E. coli chromosome. PMID- 3149402 TI - [The effects of 60Co-gamma irradiation on the cell proliferation kinetics of DMBA induced tongue carcinoma in hamsters]. PMID- 3149403 TI - [Stimulation of prolactin secretion with thyroliberin (TRH). In vivo and in vitro studies of metastatic breast cancer]. AB - In 120 Patients with metastatic breast cancer prolactin stimulation tests with 200 mcg TRH i.v. were done. The mechanism of the TRH-induced prolactin release was characterized in vitro. Basal prolactin levels were stimulated in all patients with an average increase of 400% (means basal level 441 mU/l, after stimulation 1753 mU/l). Hyperprolactinemic patients showed the highest absolute prolactin levels following stimulation. Patients with basal prolactin levels under 500 mU/l showed the highest relative increase of prolactin levels (delta = 550%). The prolactin stimulation tests with TRH had no diagnostic advantage compared to the basal prolactin levels in predicting the activity of the disease (basal values: sensitivity 12%, specificity 100%, stimulated values: sensitivity 10%, specificity 99%). During inhibition of plasmaprolactin with bromocriptine, an 330% increase of plasmaprolactin following TRH was observed in vivo. The same was shown in vitro: Pituitary cells cultured in vitro with 10(-6) M dopamine showed an increase of prolactin secretion after coincubation with 10(-7) M TRH. There was a linear increase of the prolactin concentration during the incubation period in dopamine-free cell cultures. The increase of prolactin concentration in vitro was constant during the whole incubation period (5 h), not influenced by the basal prolactin concentration and was seen as early as 30 min in incubation. The in vivo and in vitro results are in agreement with the hypothesis of a rapid, dopamine-independent effect of TRH on the secretion of stored prolactin in the pituitary. PMID- 3149404 TI - [Does the cytochrome P-450-dependent system of microsomal monooxygenases protect the body from the toxic effect of xenobiotics?]. PMID- 3149405 TI - Changes in heterophils following antigen injection in immature male chickens. AB - Eight-week-old Single Comb White Leghorn male chickens were injected intravenously with either .1 mL Brucella abortus (BA) or saline. Blood samples were drawn at 0 and 12 h postinjection and were examined for heterophil numbers and morphology. Differences between numbers of circulating heterophils/mm3 blood were not significant for saline and BA-treated birds at time zero. However, 12 h following injection, heterophil numbers in BA-treated birds were significantly (P less than .05) greater than those in saline-treated birds. Heterophil appearance took two forms: in the first form, granules were small, round, and strongly eosinophilic; in the second form, the granules were large, rod-shaped and more basophilic in staining. These changes indicate the possible involvement of heterophils in the initiation of a humoral immune response through enhancement of some secretory function. PMID- 3149406 TI - [Changes in the hexobarbital sleep and serum cholinesterase activity of rats treated with carbaryl]. AB - Studies are carried out on the changes during the hexobarbital sleep and the cholinesterase activity in male rats subject to multiple oral introduction of carbaryl in relative low doses (40 mg/kg daily). The changes in the hexobarbital sleep and the relative weight of the liver during the 21-day treatment with carbaryl (40 mg/kg) show acceleration of the biotransformation processes in the organism of 6-month male albino rats. The raised activity of the serum cholinesterase activity can be accepted as an expression of the reinforced synthesis of protein in the liver. PMID- 3149407 TI - Structure, physical properties, and function of archaebacterial lipids. AB - The foregoing review of the structure, physical properties and function of membrane lipids in archaebacteria has revealed a remarkable variety of polar lipid classes, including phospholipids, glycolipids, phosphoglycolipids and sulfolipids, all derived from the one basic core structure, diphytanylglycerol (I). Even with the relatively limited knowledge that we have of the physical properties of these lipids, it is clear that they are well-adapted as membrane components to the particular environmental conditions of the three groups of archaebacteria, extreme halophiles, methanogens, and thermoacidophiles. However, much remains to be learned concerning the precise asymmetric arrangement of the lipids in the membrane bilayers or monolayers, the interaction of the lipids with the membrane proteins, and the function of this membrane lipid asymmetry with respect to ion transport, permeability to nutrients, proton transport and conductance, and energy transduction. Perhaps then these unusual lipids will not appear so strange and our knowledge of them will help us understand the function of the more familiar lipids in the eubacteria and eukaryotes. PMID- 3149408 TI - Enhanced prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism for inhibition of melanoma cell growth by ascorbic acid. AB - Both ascorbic acid and the 1-series prostaglandins have been reported to be important regulators of cell growth and since ascorbic acid also increases the synthesis of the 1-series prostaglandins, it is possible that the effects of ascorbic acid on cell growth might be mediated by changes in 1-series prostaglandin synthesis induced by ascorbic acid. This study attempted to examine this possible relationship. The effects of ascorbic acid, prostaglandin E1 and the essential fatty acid precursors of the prostaglandins, linoleic acid and gamma-linolenic acid on the in vitro growth of transformed BL6 murine melanoma cells and untransformed monkey kidney (LLCMK) cells was determined. The effects of ascorbic acid addition on the growth inhibitory effect of the essential fatty acids and on the activity of delta-6-desaturase, a key enzyme in 1-series prostaglandin synthesis were also examined. Addition of ascorbic acid, prostaglandin E1 and both essential fatty acids was found to reduce BL6 growth while PGE1 and to a lesser extent the essential fatty acids reduced LLCMK cell growth. The growth inhibitory effect of the essential fatty acids was enhanced by ascorbic acid which was also found to stimulate delta-6-desaturase activity in BL6 cells. The growth inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid on BL6 cells may thus be mediated by changes in prostaglandin synthesis through an association with the metabolism of the essential fatty acid precursors of the prostaglandins. PMID- 3149409 TI - The role of leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of gastric ulceration. PMID- 3149410 TI - Protective and antisecretory effects of the new PGE2 analogue, FCE 20700, and of 16,16 dimethyl PGE2 in pylorus-ligated rat. AB - Different doses of the new chemically stable PGE2 analogue, FCE 20700, (150, 300, 450, 900, 1200 and 1800 micrograms kg-1) and of 16,16-dimethyl PGE2, DMPGE2, (1, 3, 10, 30 and 100 micrograms kg-1) were administered by gavage to pylorus-ligated rats. The dose-response relationship in preventing gastric mucosal damage and in inhibiting gastric acid and pepsin secretion was investigated. In the same animals, a simultaneous evaluation of barrier and luminal mucus was also performed. Both compounds were markedly active in preventing the macroscopic damage of the gastric mucosa and, at higher doses, in inhibiting gastric acid secretion. FCE 20700 was approximately 100-150 times less potent than DMPGE2. Mucosal protection appeared to be exerted by the two prostaglandins independently of any action on mucus. Furthermore, as the antisecretory doses were approached, a decline in protective activity became evident, suggesting that the dosage of prostaglandins is critical, making it possible to orient their activity either towards mucosal protection or towards acid inhibition. PMID- 3149411 TI - Plasmid deletion formation in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Plasmid pGP1 carrying a penP-lacZ fusion was used to study structural plasmid instability in Bacillus subtilis. In only one of 28 sequenced deletion junction points in the penP-lacZ region short direct repeats (10 bp) and flanking imperfect inverted repeats (12 bp) were associated with endpoints. In 27 deletions no repeated sequences of more than 3 bp were present at the endpoints. In 15 of these the sequence 5'-T-G-T-A-3' was found within 10 bp from the left endpoint. At the left cleavage sites the sequence 5'-T-T-T-3', or the 5'-A-A-A-3' complement thereof, was frequently observed. Most of the left deletion endpoints were located in potential stem-loop structures in the penP transcription/translation regulatory region, which is very rich in hyphenated dyad symmetry. Near the right deletion endpoints a sequence consisting of four G/C residues, followed by three or four A/T residues, was found in 15 cases. It is speculated that DNA topoisomerase I is involved in the formation of the deletions studied. PMID- 3149412 TI - [Prevalence of Chagas esophagopathy in the municipality of Mambai, Goias-Brazil]. PMID- 3149414 TI - [Splenectomy and distal spleno-rectal shunt performed in Sergipe before and after a special program for the control of schistosomiasis]. PMID- 3149413 TI - [Detection of heavy helminth eggs in feces: comparative study of the spontaneous sedimentation in water and Ritchie's methods]. PMID- 3149415 TI - [Schistosomiasis mansoni in Minas Gerais]. PMID- 3149416 TI - Hypoprothrombinemia in the compensated form of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis: further studies. PMID- 3149417 TI - [Interrelation of parasitic diseases and hypovitaminosis A. Schistosoma mansoni infection and the serum level of retinol in the population of an endemic area of Minas Gerais (Brazil)]. PMID- 3149418 TI - [Chagas megaileum. Report of a case]. PMID- 3149419 TI - Parasitological and serological studies on amoebiasis and other intestinal parasitic infections in Recife and its suburban area, northeast Brazil. PMID- 3149420 TI - [Biometric data on adult patients with schistosomiasis, Bahia (Brazil)]. PMID- 3149421 TI - [Disinfection of endoscopes with a phenate-glutaraldehyde compound (Sporicidine)]. PMID- 3149422 TI - [Alternatives to hospitalization. Places for admission and treatment for the rural elderly in the Champagne]. PMID- 3149423 TI - [Immunologic status in post-burn esophageal strictures]. PMID- 3149424 TI - [Tube hyperalimentation in burns]. PMID- 3149425 TI - [Plasmapheresis on blood fractionators]. PMID- 3149426 TI - [Effect of cryoprecipitate on the phagocytic activity of liver cells in peritonitis]. PMID- 3149427 TI - [Refixation in osteochondrosis dissecans with resorbable material using magnetic resonance tomography in follow-up monitoring]. AB - A new method for refixation of osteochondritis dissecans and osteochondral flake fractures by using absorbable pins, fibrin adhesive and autologous spongiosa transplantation is described. The diagnostics can be improved by using MR (magnetic resonance imaging) to demonstrate the preoperative status of the defect as well as the postoperative reintegration of the flake, bone vitality and continuity of the joint cartilage. MR information is an excellent addition to the conventional radiograms for preoperative planning as well as for postoperative decision when to allow daily and sports activities. The clinical and radiological preliminary results of the described method show a complete reintegration in all cases of osteochondritis dissecans of the femur condyle. PMID- 3149430 TI - [Modified Fin-II medium for improving the bacteriological diagnosis of tuberculosis]. PMID- 3149429 TI - [Status of nitrogen balance and parenteral feeding in peritonitis]. AB - Under study were parameters of protein metabolism and state of nitrogen balance in 83 patients with peritonitis, in 29 of them (with diffuse peritonitis) partial parenteral nutrition was performed. It reduced the degree of protein catabolism, facilitated elimination of metabolic disorders. Reinforcement of the ration of the caloric-nitrogen nutrition in order to completely fill up the energetic and plastic expenditures of the organism at the early postoperative period will entail danger of superflous transfusion load. PMID- 3149428 TI - Splenic abscess due to Salmonella in a child. PMID- 3149431 TI - [Defects in the prostaglandin system. VII. (Generalized, inherited [?]) cyclooxygenase defect]. AB - Investigation of platelet function in a 55 year-old male suffering from peripheral vascular disease revealed platelet cyclooxygenase deficiency. Examination of femoral artery tissue at a later date likewise showed the presence of a cyclooxygenase defect. Investigated relatives were not affected. A 39 year old male smoker admitted with an acute myocardial infarct without prodromal symptoms exhibited similar laboratory findings. In contrast to the cases reported in the literature so far, both our patients suffered from severe atherosclerosis, a relatively high platelet activity and an additional cyclooxygenase defect of cells other than the platelets. The patient with peripheral vascular disease died from sudden cardiac arrest. PMID- 3149433 TI - [How are macrophages activated? Current viewpoints on an old problem]. PMID- 3149432 TI - [Defects in the prostaglandin system. VIII. A pathologic thrombocyte population in myeloproliferative syndrome, which forms no thromboxane from exogenous arachidonic acid]. AB - In 2 out of 29 patients suffering from the myeloproliferative syndrome a lack of thromboxane conversion by platelets from exogenous arachidonic acid was discovered. In one patient PGE2 (30.9%) and 12-HETE (12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) (42.8%) were formed instead, whilst in the other patient 12-HETE (72.9%) was the main metabolic product. In both the patients, serum and plasma TXB2, as well as malondialdehyde, were quite low. It is claimed that this phenomenon is due to the expression of a pathological population of platelets related to the disease. PMID- 3149434 TI - Age-related changes in the recovery of noradrenaline content in sympathetic fibres after reserpine treatment. AB - The aim of the present study was to evaluate noradrenaline recovery times in sympathetic fibres after reserpine administration by using fluorescence histochemical techniques. The spleen, the kidney, and the large intestine were examined 24 h to 15 d after reserpine treatment, in both young and aged male Sprague-Dawley rats, in order to establish not only the possible differences in recovery times of the various organs, but also if senescence can influence these times. The complete restoration of the noradrenaline content took place sooner in younger rats than in aged ones, and, within the same age-group, the recovery was quicker in the spleen and needed longer times in the large intestine, particularly in aged rats. PMID- 3149435 TI - Cultivation of mouse macrophages in vitro on different protein substrates. AB - Macrophages were isolated from the peritoneal cavity of mice and cultured in vitro under serum-free conditions on glass coverslips or glass coverslips coated with either collagen, fibronectin or fibrin. The recovery of greater than 95% pure populations of macrophages was highest on fibronectin and fibrin coats when compared to controls on glass coverslips. The cultivation of macrophages on fibronectin and fibrin coats induced a large degree of cell spreading, normally regarded as a parameter of stimulation in cultured macrophages. However, the ability of macrophages to lyse tumour cells and to release lysosomal enzymes was not found to differ to any considerable extent in cells cultured on the different substrates. Culturing macrophages on protein substrates may be used to study macrophage function in vitro, particularly under serum-free conditions. PMID- 3149437 TI - Visualization of carbohydrate chains in rabbit salivary glands by means of enzymatic degradation and plant lectins. AB - We investigated the structure of glycoconjugates contained within the secretory end-pieces and ductal segments in the rabbit submandibular and sublingual glands. Glycosidic sequences were examined by means of enzymatic degradation with specific glycosidases (sialidase, alpha-fucosidase, beta-galactosidase, alpha mannosidase) followed by lectin binding with PNL-HRP, WPL-HRP, WGL-HRP, SBL-HRP, Con A-HRP. It was found that this procedure represents a valid tool for studying carbohydrates, in so far as their characterization and localization were based only on colour reactions. In particular, this research showed that sialic acid was present in the terminal dimers sialic acid-beta-galactose and sialic acid-N acetyl-D-galactosamine within the submandibular gland, whereas in the sublingual gland it was only present as the sequence sialic acid-beta-galactose. Conversely, fucose had as the subterminal sugar N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in both glands. Also, elucidations about structural sequences concerning other non-terminal sugars were obtained. PMID- 3149436 TI - Distribution of carbonic anhydrase activity in the rat central nervous system, as revealed by a new semipermeable technique. AB - Results obtained with a new method provided evidence for the extraneuronal localization of CA and supports the idea that the enzyme is very widespread in non-neuronal cell types of the CNS. Most of these cells were considered to be oligodendroglia, but probably the astrocytes also contributed to the reactivity of the neuropil. The perineuronal CA activity observed in the spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, and hippocampus could be astrocytic in origin. Our observations concerning the widespread CA staining of the CNS vessels pointed to the possible functional significance of CA in the vessel wall. This activity could be due not only to pericytes but also to astrocytic processes. We have not found stained myelin sheats although biochemically the myelin contained the enzyme. Might be that our histochemical reaction was not sensitive to the membrane bound form of the CA. The fact that the reaction of the nucleoli did not disappear after acetazolamide treatment could be explained on the basis of binding of the cobalt-phosphate complex to the proteins of the nucleolus. PMID- 3149438 TI - Dihydrofolate reductase activity in the Purkinje neuron populations of some non mammalian vertebrates. AB - The intensity and distribution of histochemically demonstrable dihydrofolate reductase (FH2-R EC 1.5.1.3.) in unfixed cryostat sections was studied in Purkinje neurons of adult vertebrates that have either simple neural circuits and cytoarchitectonics (Ictalurus nebulosus, Rana esculenta) or complex neural circuits and cytoarchitectonics (Coturnix coturnix japonica), compared with the rat as a control. The reaction was generally undetectable in Ictalurus nebulosus and in Rana esculenta; with positive reactions in only a few neurons. On the contrary, FH2-R in the Purkinje cell population of Coturnix coturnix japonica had several pattern (heterogeneity) as in the rat. These results suggest that the existence of FH2-R in Purkinje cell population may be correlated with the complexity of the neural circuits of the vertebrate's cerebellum and that the "heterogeneity" of the reaction may be related to the different functional states of the Purkinje cells within the cerebellum. PMID- 3149439 TI - [Spectrophotometric studies on the binding of Victoria Blue 4R to oxidized insulin]. AB - The empirical demonstration of insulin by the basic (cationic) dye Victoria Blue 4R (V4R; Ivic 1959) shows the character of a histochemical reaction (Wohlrab et al. 1985), while the chemistry+ of the reaction is not quite understood yet. Aim of this investigation: Will the spectral behaviour of V4R in visible light be influenced by oxidized or non-oxidized insulin? Dependent on the concentration, V4R shows in aqueous solution 2 absorption maxima (lambda = 597 and 558 nm), which represents monomers and dimers of the dye. With increasing dye concentration (200 mumol/l), V4R forms dimers and even higher polymers. Constant V4R concentration (200 mumol/l) results with increasing concentration of oxidized insulin (4 to 16 mumol/l) in a reduction of extinction, while the extinction at lambda = 558 nm (dimers) is more decreased than at lambda = 597 nm (monomers). Non-oxidized insulin has no remarkable influence on the absorption behaviour of V4R. Extinction measurements on V4R stained B-cells of islets of Langerhans after pre-oxidation of the section resulted in a main absorption maximum at lambda = 554 nm. CONCLUSION: Depending on the concentration, the dye V4R is associated with the oxidized insulin in aqueous solution, which is also indicated by the occurrence of an isobestic point in the curve behaviour. This is expressed by the establishment of a concentration-dependent equilibrium between the dye V4R and the oxidized insulin (change in the dissociation and aggregation behaviour respectively of the dye V4R). The determined main absorption maximum (lambda = 554 nm) in the biological material points in the same way to interactions between the stain and oxidized insulin. PMID- 3149440 TI - [Immunohistochemical studies of the nature of connective tissue in fetal membranes]. AB - Fetal membranes at the end of pregnancy have been examined indirectly with the help of FITC labelled antibodies for the occurrence of different collagen types (I, II, III, IV) and their initial steps as well as fibronectin and laminin. The connective tissue of amnion and chorion is composed of collagen type I and p-III. Collagen type IV occurs only rarely. Despite of the borderline reticulin fibres are not the component of these mechanical resistant fibre-mats. In the PAS positive material, seen between the cells of the trophoblast, laminin and type IV collagen were found. It can be stated that the compound of the intercellular substance is of the same kind as the basement membrane. PMID- 3149441 TI - Acceleration of the internalization of ligand-bound membrane DNA by thyroxine treatment in macrophages. AB - The localization of membrane DNA and the binding and internalization of DNase colloidal gold complex were examined in mouse peritoneal macrophages in presence and absence of thyroxine (T4). Preexposure to the hormone for 5 to 10 min caused no change relative to the control but preexposures for 30, 60, and 90 min accounted for an increase in the ligand binding capacity, aggregation of the DNase-gold particles on the cell surface, and appearance thereof in coated pits, coated vesicles, smooth vesicles and, finally, inside lysosomes. After 30 min preexposure to T4, subsequent 10 min treatment with the DNase-gold complex was as effective as 1 h treatment had been without T4. PMID- 3149442 TI - Cytochemical localization of arylsulfatase in guinea-pig Kurloff cells. AB - Kurloff cells are mononuclear cells characterized by a large metachromatic and PAS-positive inclusion called the Kurloff body. Bone-marrow and spleen Kurloff cells were incubated with p-nitrocatechol sulfate as substrate and barium chloride as capturing agent for the ultracytochemical detection of the lysosomal marker enzyme, arylsulfatase. Enzymatic reaction product was consistently found as a single spot-like deposit confined to the rim of the Kurloff body. These results, and the previously described presence of other acid hydrolases and sulfated glycosamino++glycans, emphasize the similarities between the Kurloff body and lysosomes. Reaction product could also be found occasionally in segments of the rough endoplasmic reticulum but it was absent from the Golgi apparatus. This arylsulfatase activity could be related to the natural killer activity of Kurloff cells. PMID- 3149443 TI - Lectin binding on carbohydrate compounds of the flask cells in the claw-frog kidney. AB - The carbohydrate compounds of the mucus of flask cells in the kidney of claw frogs (Xenopus laevis) were analysed through lectin binding studies. After removing epoxy resin semithin sections were incubated with 7 lectins (WGA, RCA I, PNA, LCH, UEA, LPA) marked by horseradish peroxidase and 2 unmarked lectins (VAA, Con A). The glycosaminoglycans in the canalicular lumen of flask cells showed a strong reaction with WGA and RCA, whereas the binding of PHA, Con A, and LCH was weaker. No reaction was observed with PNA, UEA, LPA, and VAA. The mucus of the flask cells seems to be rich in N-acetyl-glycosamine and -galactosamine. It contains also mannose, glucose, and galactose, but seems to have no fucose or N acetyl-sialic acid residues. PMID- 3149444 TI - [Model studies in the histochemical investigation of hydrolases using tetrazolium salts]. AB - As a model alkaline phosphatase and non-specific esterase were investigated with indoxyl substrates and 11 tetrazolium salts of different reducible substances in livers and kidneys of rat. Besides their localizing qualities, the reducibility of the used tetrazolium salts is the most important parameter for their use in histochemistry of hydrolases. The composition of the reaction products depends on the reducibility of the indicator and the pH of the reaction. The of phenazine methosulphate improves the indoxyl-tetrazolium techniques above all in the neutral and acid range. PMID- 3149445 TI - [Duration of gelatinolytic activity of acrosomal proteinases of rabbit spermatozoa]. AB - The gelatinolytic activity of acrosomal proteinases of rabbit spermatozoa can be observed maximally up to about 100 h after washing and incubation of the spermatozoa in Brakett's defined medium at 37 degrees C. It is independent of sperm motility and seems to be provable as long as the acrosomal membranes remain intact. In a defined in vitro system this phenomenon appears to be a function of time and temperature. PMID- 3149446 TI - Pulmonary adenoma and endocrine cell hyperplasia in Syrian golden hamster treated with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. AB - Chronic effects of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4 NQO) on the lungs of Syrian golden hamsters were studied. 4 NQO was subcutaneously injected weekly for 3 weeks at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. The animals were sacrificed at the 65th and 80th experimental weeks. Two cases of pulmonary adenomas were demonstrated in the 10 4 NQO-treated animals at the 80th week, and the tumor cells contained cytoplasmic lamellar inclusion bodies. In a previous study, we reported 4 NQO- induced pulmonary endocrine cell hyperplasias in the 4 NQO-treated hamster after the 20th experimental week (Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 77, 1986). In the present study, 12 pulmonary endocrine cell hyperplasias were recognized in serial sections of the 24 treated animals. The hyperplastic lesions showed positive immunoreactivity to calcitonin. The hyperplastic lesion did not develop to pulmonary endocrine cell neoplasm. PMID- 3149447 TI - [Effect of intrabladder instillation of various anticancer agents on carcinogenesis in rat bladder]. AB - After administration of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) to 6-week old, female F344 rats, various anticancer agents and immunotherapeutic agents were injected into the bladder and their effects were investigated. Injection of adriamycin and mitomycin C (MMC) into the bladder a total of 12 times, 4 weeks after administration of BBN markedly promoted carcinogenesis of the bladder. Injection of bleomycin, cis-dichlorodiamine platinum (CDDP) and picibanil into the bladder a total of 12 times, 4 weeks after administration of BBN did not promote carcinogenesis and CDDP exhibited a tendency to inhibit carcinogenesis. Injection of MMC, CA (cytarabine) and MMC + CA into the bladder a total of 12 times, 4 weeks after administration of BBN indicated that CA has the potential to inhibit the bladder carcinogenesis-promoting effect of MMC. Injection of CDDP and MMC into the bladder a total of 12 times, 20 weeks after administration of BBN inhibited proliferation of bladder carcinoma. Additionally, administration each of CDDP and MMC alone exhibited a carcinogenic effect on the bladder. The above described results show that considerable care should be taken and that long-term observation of course is required with the use of anticancer agents such as ADM and MMC. PMID- 3149448 TI - [Endocrinological profile of human spermatogenic impairment--evaluation of function of Leydig and Sertoli cells in vivo or in vitro studies]. AB - In vivo and in vitro studies were performed to determine the function of Leydig and Sertoli cells of the human testis with various degrees of spermatogenic impairment. The increases in basal and peak serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) after LH-RH administration correlated with the degree of impairment of spermatogenesis, and the basal peripheral blood levels of testosterone and that after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration for patients with moderate or severe impairment were significantly lower than the values for those with mild impairment. The concentration of testosterone in the internal spermatic vein of varicocele patients with or without hCG treatment did not differ between in mild and moderate impairment. In studies on cultured Sertoli cells, the production rate of plasminogen activator in patients with severe impairment was significantly lower than that in patients with moderate or mild impairment. The decrease in testicular high-affinity binding site for FSH correlated with the degree of hypospermatogenesis found in idiopathic male infertility, but, on the contrary, the hCG (LH) receptors showed no correlation with the degree of impairment of spermatogenesis. In the investigation of the relationship between testicular FSH receptors and the effectiveness of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG)-hCG treatment on idiopathic male infertility, the presence or absence of testicular FSH receptors predicted the responsiveness to the treatment. PMID- 3149449 TI - [Histological findings of the testis in male infertility]. AB - For successful treatment of male infertility, the pregnancy-expectant group must have a testis size larger than 12 ml and the FSH/LH index less than 0.99. PMID- 3149450 TI - [Analysis of histological findings of testicular biopsies in male infertility]. AB - Histological findings of testicular biopsy were studied following the Johnsen's score count method in 68 cases of idiopathic male infertility, and the relation between serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone (T) and histological findings were analyzed in the same cases. In oligozoospermia, there were no cases showing a Johnsen's score lower than 4. The score counts ranged widely from 1 to 9 in azoospermia. The cases with the Johnsen's score count lower than 4 revealed high values of serum LH and FSH and a low level of serum T. There was no relationship between Leydig cell accumulations or thickness of the seminiferous tubular walls and score values. Further examination using ABC (avidin biotin complex) method was carried out to find the localization of FSH and T in the testicular tissues. Immunohistochemical localization FSH was not noted in normal testicular tissues obtained the autopsy cases and testicular biopsy specimens of idiopathic male infertility. The localization of T was found in the Leydig cells and the Sertoli cells of normal and infertile testes. In the cases with the thickness of tubular walls, Sertoli cells were not stained. This fact might indicate that absence of T in Sertoli cells is related to spermatogenetic maturation only with the thickness of seminiferous tubular walls. PMID- 3149451 TI - [The problems in the treatment of male infertility]. AB - The results of therapy for male infertility are discussed in 724 patients who visited our clinic for 8 years since 1979 when this hospital was established. There were no statistically significant differences among the drug therapy groups in the efficacy rate and the pregnancy rate. These rates of the varicocele operation group were significantly higher than the drug therapy groups. We found that, in cases with a sperm count of 10-40 x 10(6)/ml, serum luteinizing hormone LH less than 21 and serum FSH less than 16, therapeutic effect could be anticipated. PMID- 3149452 TI - [Treatment of oligospermic patients with varicocele]. AB - The management of oligospermic patients with varicocele was reviewed. Varicocelectomy was performed in 46 oligospermic patients with varicocele (group 1) and kallikrein treatment was followed for those who failed to improve the semen quality after varicocelectomy (group 2). Twenty oligospermic patients with varicocele were given kallikrein for over 6 months as an initial treatment (group 3). A significant increase in total motile sperm count was noted in 34.8% of the patients in group 1, 22.7% in group 2, and 30.0% in group 3 respectively. Conception rate which was calculated after excluding couples, in which the partner received either artificial insemination by husband or any gynecological treatment, was 20.8% in group 1, 15.4% in group 2, 25.0% in group 3 respectively. No significant changes in hormonal data was observed after either treatment, but semen quality was not improved in patients who showed high serum level of luteinizing hormone (LH) or follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Kallikrein is useful for oligospermic patients with varicocele as an initial treatment and for those in whom semen quality was not improved after varicocelectomy. Varicocelectomy and/or kallikrein treatment can be recommended mainly for those who show normal serum level of LH and FSH. PMID- 3149453 TI - [A morphological study of the testis in patients with idiopathic male infertility -quantification and ultrastructure of Leydig cells]. AB - Testicular biopsy was performed on 51 patients with idiopathic male infertility and 13 normal fertile adults. The biopsied specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy. A quantitative evaluation of Leydig cell number was made by determining the mean number of Leydig cells per one cross section of seminiferous tubule in the entire histologic section of each specimen, which was defined as "Leydig cell index". In both oligospermic and azoospermic groups, the Leydig cell index was significantly elevated as compared with in that the normal group, which indicated the presence of Leydig cell hyperplasia in the infertile testis. In addition, this index significantly correlated with serum luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone levels but not with serum testosterone level. Leydig cells were classified into three types based upon their morphological characteristics. Type I Leydig cells were functionally active and mature ones, with a smooth-surfaced round or oval nucleus, had abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), characteristic mitochondria and relatively few lysosomes. Type II Leydig cells were functionally less active, and contained an irregularly shaped nucleus, less abundant SER, mitochondria with undeveloped cristae and relatively few lysosomes. Type III Leydig cells included immature and regressive cells, which were considered to have almost no hormone secreting function. The immature Leydig cells were spindle-shaped and had few cell organelles. The regressive cells had poorly developed SER and many secondary lysosomes in the cytoplasm. In the normal group, type I Leydig cells are the most numerous but in the infertile groups type II Leydig cells are the most numerous. However, in the latter, there is no significant difference in relative number of each Leydig cell type among the groups classified according to the number of sperm or Leydig cell. In summary, Leydig cell hyperplasia observed in the testis of the infertile patients was supposed to be induced by the elevation of the serum LH. Despite of the significant increase in Leydig cell number, the serum testosterone was not elevated, and this was considered to be due to the fact that the hyperplastic cells are mainly composed of functionally less active type II Leydig cells. In addition, especially in the severe hyperplastic group, not only type II but also type I Leydig cells increased in number. However, in this group, the serum testosterone level was not elevated. Therefore, the function of type I Leydig cells was suggested to be impaired. PMID- 3149454 TI - The antiandrogen anandron potentiates the castrating effect of the LH-RH agonist buserelin in the rat. AB - When buserelin (0.04-25 micrograms/kg/day), a potent LH-RH agonist, was administered s.c. daily for 15 days to male rats, prostate weight decreased after a transient increase in the first days of treatment but never as much as after orchidectomy, since testosterone secretion was never totally suppressed. The combination of the pure nonsteroid antiandrogen Anandron (20 mg/kg/day) with even low doses of buserelin led to an immediate decrease in prostate weight that was complete at 15 days. This could be explained (a) by an additivity of effects: inhibition by Anandron of the action of residual testosterone unsuppressed by buserelin on the prostate and prevention by buserelin of the rebound testosterone increase induced by Anandron: (b) by a potentiation by Anadron of the direct castrating effect of buserelin on the testis since testis weight and testosterone secretion were lowered to a greater extent by the combination than by buserelin alone. Anandron might increase the sensitivity of LH-RH receptors to LH-RH agonist in the testes, as has been shown in the pituitary. In contrast, the combination of the antiandrogenic steroid progestin, cyproterone acetate, with buserelin never potentiated the castrating effect of buserelin on testis weight and testosterone and only partially potentiated prostate atrophy. If such actions also exist in the human, the addition of Anandron to LH-RH agonist treatment would not only counter flare-up and adrenal androgen effects on the prostate but would also lower the doses of peptide or the time required for chemical castration. PMID- 3149455 TI - A randomized, comparative study of buserelin with DES/orchiectomy in the treatment of stage D2 prostatic cancer patients. AB - This multicenter, randomized study compared the LH-RH agonist buserelin with diethylstilbestrol (DES)/orchiectomy in the treatment of patients with stage D2 prostatic carcinoma. Subjects were randomized to treatment with buserelin or DES/orchiectomy in a 2:1 ratio. Data from 160 subjects were available for analysis: 105 buserelin subjects (89 s.c. and 16 i.n.), 41 DES-treated subjects, and 14 orchiectomized subjects. Either subcutaneous (200 micrograms q.d.) or intranasal (400 micrograms t.i.d.) maintenance doses of buserelin suppressed serum testosterone values to below castrate levels (less than 100 ng/dl) by week 3 and maintained suppression for over 24 months. Times to treatment failure for specific reasons were analyzed and compared between treatment groups. There was a significant difference between treatment groups in favor of buserelin in the time to treatment failure due to an adverse event (p less than or equal to 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the treatment groups in the progression-free survival, best response, and life survival analyses. In addition, buserelin treatment improved quality of life parameters such as pain, performance status, and genitourinary symptoms. With the exception of symptoms of androgen deficiency, few side effects were reported in the buserelin subjects and most were of a minor nature. The incidence of severe side effects was significantly higher among the DES/orchiectomy subjects. PMID- 3149456 TI - Total androgen blockade for metastatic cancer of the prostate. AB - This randomized, double-blind study comparing orchiectomy plus placebo to orchiectomy plus a nonsteroid antiandrogen (Anandron) shows that total androgen blockade for metastatic cancer of the prostate provides a significantly better early objective response when compared to castration alone. This response, however, is less apparent at 18 months. The study also suggests a longer survival for the patients with total androgen blockade. PMID- 3149457 TI - [Acid-base and gas composition of the amniotic fluid during delivery of low birth weight fetuses]. PMID- 3149458 TI - [Lymphoproliferative infiltration of bladder and prostate. Apropos of a case of Waldenstrom's disease]. PMID- 3149459 TI - Enhancement of mouse erythrocyte rosette formation of human lymphocytes by interferon gamma. AB - Interferon-gamma enhances the mouse erythrocyte rosette formation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a dose-dependent way. Pretreatment of the cells with colchicin abolishes the enhancing effect. An increased expression of the mouse erythrocyte binding receptor may underlie the phenomenon. PMID- 3149460 TI - The effectiveness of intrauterine transfusions. AB - The results of treatment with intrauterine transfusion are presented. The analysis comprised 48 successful transfusions into 29 foetuses. The reference group consisted of 11 transfusions which proved nonfeasible or ineffective and 54 untreated cases. Following blood treatment, the newborn mortality rate dropped more than threefold. Long-term follow-up of 21 children generally showed their good physical and mental development. We also present 4 cases of supsequent pregnancies after intrauterine blood treatment in a preceding pregnancy, showing that it is possible to save the next baby of the same mother. PMID- 3149461 TI - The use of acrylic copolymers as antibody carriers for immunoaffinity chromatography. AB - Among several various acrylic copolymer used as carriers for anti-bovine serum albumin the best are copolymers obtained from acrylonitrile and ethyl or butyl acrylate crosslinked with divinylbenzene which after aminolysis with di- or triamines were activated with glutardialdehyde. The immunoadsorbents thus obtained were successfully used for purification of bovine serum albumin from bovine serum or from crude fraction of the albumin by immunoaffinity chromatography. Electrophoretically pure bovine albumin was eluted from immunoadsorbent column with deionised water and with glycine/HCl buffer, pH 2.5. The albumin was contamined with less than 0.1% of bovine immunoglobulins and with 0.05% of rabbit immunoglobulins. No contamination with rabbit immunoglobulin was observed when immunoadsorbents were pre-treated with sodium borohydride. PMID- 3149462 TI - Distribution and elimination of (14C)-2-ethylhexyl acrylate radioactivity in rats. AB - The fate of (14C)-2-ethylhexyl acrylate was studied in adult male Wistar rats given an intravenous (i.v.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 10 mg/kg (0.054 mmol/kg). The elimination of radioactivity from blood was bi-exponential, irrespective of the route of (14C)-2-EHA administration or the age (weight) of the rats. The first phase half-lives after i.v. and i.p. administration in 4 month-old rats were 30 and 60 min, in 7-month-old rats 115 and 130 min, respectively. The corresponding values for the slow-phase were 5 and 6 h, and 14 and 14 h. Elimination of the radioactivity from tissues followed a pattern similar to that seen for blood. More than half of the administered radioactivity was exhaled as carbon dioxide. Exhalation of unchanged (14C)-2-EHA accounted for only 0.05% (i.v.) or 0.3% (i.p.) of the initial dose of radioactivity. The radioactivity excreted in the urine within the first 24 h post-treatment accounted for 7% (i.p.) or 14% (i.v.) of the initial dose, and only 2% was excreted as thioethers. PMID- 3149463 TI - Guidelines for the use of pulse oximetry in the non-invasive estimation of oxygen saturation in oxygen-dependent newborn infants. AB - An Ohmeda Biox 3700 oximeter was evaluated during treatment of 12 patients with respiratory distress. The infants were of 27-33 weeks' gestation and between 2 days and 5 months postnatal age. Blood gases were taken from indwelling arterial catheters and were measured on an ABL 30 blood gas analyser. The study tested the accuracy of the oximeter in detecting hypoxia (PaO2 less than 55 mmHg) and hyperoxia (PaO2 greater than 80 mmHg). Results are based on 175 paired observations. Guidelines are suggested for the use of the pulse oximeter under three conditions. In a newborn infant with acute respiratory distress without direct arterial access, the limits should be set at 85% (lower) and 90% (upper). In an older infant with chronic respiratory distress, the upper limit of use should be 95%. In order to avoid oxygen tensions less than 55 mmHg which would increase the risk of pulmonary vasoconstriction, however, the lower limit should be 87%. Infants with indwelling arterial lines during their first few weeks of treatment should have oxygen tension measurements and simultaneous oxygen saturation readings plotted on a graph at the bedside. The graph should be updated every 48 h to take into account changed levels of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, haemoglobin F, and carboxyhaemoglobin and the recommended limits should be changed accordingly. PMID- 3149464 TI - Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn treated with hyperventilation: clinical features and outcome. AB - Twenty-seven infants with severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn were seen in 33 months. Asphyxia with or without meconium aspiration was the cause in the majority of cases. Other causes were group B streptococcal sepsis and acute fetal blood loss. The mortality rate was 11%. Twenty-three of the 24 survivors were followed. Their age at follow-up ranged 12-37 months. The mean score for mental development was within the normal range while that for psychomotor development was 1 standard deviation below normal. Seven infants were judged to be at risk of attention deficit disorder. Predictor variables related to these outcomes were cardiotocography, meconium aspiration, first pH, highest PaCO2 after resuscitation and mother's education. All infants except one were perceived as normal by their parents. PMID- 3149465 TI - Insulin infusions in infants of birthweight less than 1250 g and with glucose intolerance. AB - Fifteen preterm babies (mean gestation: 26.7 weeks; mean birthweight 860 g) with significant glucose intolerance were treated with insulin infusions. During the insulin infusions there was a significant increase in both the mean energy intake (60.8 +/- 25.1 cal/kg per day to 79.9 +/- 24.5 cal/kg per day; P less than 0.001) and the mean amount of intravenous dextrose tolerated (7.0 +/- 2.7 mg/kg per min to 9.2 +/- 2.6 mg/kg per min; P less than 0.01). The infusions were initiated at a mean postnatal age of 5.3 days (range: 2-12 days) and were continued for 1.5 17.5 days. Of the 998 blood glucose estimations performed during the insulin infusions, 28 (2.8%) were less than 2 mmol/l and 216 (21.6%) greater than 8 mmol/l. We conclude that continuous insulin infusion is a safe and effective way of managing glucose intolerance in very low birthweight infants, provided adequate means for continuous monitoring of blood glucose are available. PMID- 3149466 TI - Beta-galactosidase activity in fibroblasts and tissues from sheep with a lysosomal storage disease. AB - Tissues and fibroblasts of sheep affected with an inherited, neuronal lysosomal storage disease expressed a deficiency of beta-galactosidase activity. Cerebrum, kidney, lung, spinal cord, and spleen from affected sheep had less than 8% of the beta-galactosidase activity present in the respective tissues of normal sheep. No evidence for the presence of an endogenous inhibitor in affected sheep was detected by mixing studies. Liver of affected sheep expressed a deficiency of beta-galactosidase activity only in the presence of the beta-D-glycosidase inhibitors, glucono-delta-lactone and 2,5-dihydroxymethyl-3,4 dihydroxypyrrolidine. In these studies, we demonstrated the existence of tissue specific beta-galactosidases in sheep and showed that the affected sheep have a deficiency of the lysosomal beta-galactosidase. Our results suggest that the high residual beta-galactosidase activity in liver of affected sheep can be attributed to a nonlysosomal beta-galactosidase that has a neutral pH optimum and may be under temporal regulation. PMID- 3149468 TI - Genetic control of ganglioside biosynthesis in mice. AB - The enzymatic basis for the differences in hepatic ganglioside patterns in the mouse strains C57Bl/6 and Swiss White (SW) was investigated. SW has a "Swiss type" ganglioside profile, expressing GM1- and GD1a- in addition to GM2- as major hepatic gangliosides, whereas C57Bl/6 shows a "GM2-type" profile, expressing only GM2- as the major hepatic ganglioside. The enzyme UDP-galactose:GM2 ganglioside galactosyltransferase (GM2-GalT), which catalyzes the synthesis of GM1 ganglioside, showed a four- to fivefold elevation in intact and solubilized liver Golgi membrane fractions of the SW strain compared to C57Bl/6. Crosses between C57Bl/6 and SW produced an F1 generation with a hepatic ganglioside and enzymatic phenotype intermediate between those of the two parental strains. All three genotypic groups show two forms of the Golgi apparatus enzyme with isoelectric points of 6.5-6.8 and 8.3-9.0. The simplest mode of action of genes which control the enzymatic phenotype that would be consistent with these findings are one or two structural genes or one or two cis-regulatory genes affecting the rate of enzyme synthesis. PMID- 3149467 TI - Genetic characterization of dipeptidase activity modifiers in Drosophila melanogaster from natural populations. AB - An examination of Drosophila melanogaster from natural populations revealed genetic variation for dipeptidase-A (DIP-A) and dipeptidase-B (DIP-B) activities within sets of lines that differed from one another only in the second or the third chromosome. Analyses of diallel crosses indicate that both activities are inherited additively, and coordinate control of expression is suggested by the significant positive correlation between the two activities. Electrophoresis and thermal denaturation studies failed to detect structural differences among lines with different levels of DIP-A activity. No characteristic level of activity could be associated with any DIP-A allozyme. Mapping experiments revealed the presence of activity modifiers that are in tight linkage with the structural gene, as well as those that manifest their effects from a distance. The maximum genetic distance between a high-activity effect on DIP-A and the structural gene was determined to be 0.029 map unit. These results are in accordance with the prevalence of activity modifiers for various enzymes in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 3149470 TI - Ischemic stroke in a girl with lupus anticoagulant. AB - A 16-year-old girl developed right middle cerebral artery infarction and deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities in association with circulating lupus like anticoagulant. Currently, she is functionally independent with no further vascular insults and is being treated with sodium warfarin. This patient illustrates that cerebral ischemia can occur in association with lupus anticoagulant in the pediatric population. This entity should be considered and appropriate screening tests performed in young patients with unexplained ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. PMID- 3149469 TI - Cerebral glucose metabolism in five patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. AB - Regional cerebral glucose metabolic rates were estimated by positron emission tomography, in parallel with electroencephalography and cranial computed tomography in 5 patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. The 5 patients, 3 boys and 2 girls, ranged in age from 10-15 years. Computed tomography revealed no gross abnormalities. Each patient received 2-5 mCi of 2-(18F)-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) intravenously. Averaged cerebral glucose metabolic rates were reduced in each cerebral region as compared with controls. Unilateral hypometabolism was present in 4 patients: one in the inferior frontal gyrus as well as the posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus; one in the inferior frontal gyrus; one in the posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus; and one demonstrated diffuse hemispheric hypometabolism including the inferior frontal and posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus. The side of hypometabolism was the same as the epileptogenic focus on the electroencephalogram. No focal changes were demonstrated on the electroencephalogram of a patient whose positron emission tomography revealed hemispheric hypometabolism. Hypometabolism of the inferior frontal and posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus may relate to the possible pathogenesis of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Positron emission tomography has the potential to reveal a latent focal or lateralized abnormality in some patients with non-localized electroencephalographic changes. PMID- 3149471 TI - Severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy. AB - Severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI) is a recently identified seizure disorder with a uniformly poor prognosis. No successful therapy has been found for this disorder. Based on the treatment of 7 patients who qualified for the diagnosis in this report, SMEI has a better prognosis than recognized currently. All 7 patients were responding poorly to phenobarbital, phenytoin, or carbamazepine. Six of them responded to valproate. Two patients became seizure free during valproate monotherapy. A succinimide was required as a second antiepileptic drug in 3 patients to achieve seizure control. Repeated episodes of "febrile status epilepticus" in 2 patients were controlled with lorazepam. Five of 7 patients are doing significantly better than the literature would suggest is possible. Seizure control can be achieved in SMEI with aggressive use of drugs which are beneficial for myoclonic seizures. Traditional drugs for tonic-clonic seizures are of little or no benefit in SMEI. PMID- 3149472 TI - Ambulatory cassette EEG in absence epilepsy. AB - Absence epilepsy is associated with bursts of generalized 3 Hz spike-and-wave activity. Even very brief bursts may cause an alteration in the level of consciousness and impaired reaction time. We studied 15 patients, ages 5-16 years, with absence epilepsy using 8 channel ambulatory cassette electroencephalography. All patients demonstrated multiple paroxysms of generalized spike-and-wave discharges, most of which were asymptomatic. Because patients with absence epilepsy may not accurately report seizure frequency, periodic long-term monitoring may be required which is accomplished easily on an outpatient basis with ambulatory cassette electroencephalography. PMID- 3149473 TI - The 24 hour variation of salivary carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide concentrations in children with epilepsy. AB - Variations in carbamazepine (CBZ) and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-EP) concentrations were measured in saliva over 24 hours in 33 children with complex partial seizures and/or generalized tonic-clonic seizures; all patients received CBZ as monotherapy. CBZ varied between 37-104% and CBZ-EP varied between 26-119%. One venous blood sample was obtained simultaneously with the first saliva sample before the morning dose of CBZ. The free fraction of plasma CBZ was 25.5%. Medication side effects are most likely to appear within 3-4 hours of drug intake; therefore, it is advisable to take another sample in children demonstrating time-related side effects. A controlled release formulation of CBZ should minimize the fluctuations of salivary drug levels of CBZ and CBZ-EP. PMID- 3149474 TI - Electroencephalographic abnormalities in Rett syndrome. AB - Electroencephalograms were performed on 11 girls with Rett syndrome between the ages of 4 and 14 years. Electroencephalographic abnormalities included slowing and disorganization of background activity while awake, multifocal epileptiform discharges maximal over the central and temporal regions, and intermittent, high amplitude discharges followed by relative attenuation of background activity during sleep. Electroencephalographic patterns were remarkably similar in all patients and may be of diagnostic assistance in suspected cases. PMID- 3149475 TI - Brain tumors in children with neurofibromatosis: computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Comparisons were made between the results of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations in 13 patients with neurofibromatosis. In 8 of 9 patients with intracranial tumors and in 2 of 4 patients without intracranial tumors additional findings were demonstrated by MRI. PMID- 3149476 TI - Expanded therapeutic range of valproate. AB - Twenty-five pediatric patients with serum valproate levels above 100 micrograms/ml (therapeutic range: 50-100 micrograms/ml) are reviewed for nondose related side effects and seizure control. The dose of valproate varied from 50 100 mg/kg/day. All patients had generalized or mixed seizure disorders which were difficult to control. Seizure frequency decreased by more than 50% in 14 patients. For those patients with improved control, valproate levels ranged from 111-196 micrograms/ml. Patients were carefully monitored for side effects; nondose-related side effects were not encountered. Random valproate levels were between 100-200 micrograms/ml. The clinical response to valproate can be augmented by increasing it to the maximum tolerated dose. PMID- 3149477 TI - Beagle puppy model of perinatal asphyxia: alterations in cerebral blood flow and metabolism. AB - Perinatal asphyxia remains a major cause of neurodevelopmental handicap. The neuropathologic and clinical sequelae of perinatal asphyxia are likely attributable to alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF) to the developing brain with uncoupling of CBF and metabolism. The newborn beagle puppy model was used to study the control of CBF in physiologic and pathologic conditions in the developing brain. Pups, 2-10 days of age, were randomized to asphyxial insult (i.e., ventilator lines clamped for 5 min) or no insult. In the first series, pups underwent radioactive microsphere determinations of CBF immediately prior to insult (t = 0), at the end of insult (t = 5), and after 60 min of observation (t = 65). In the second series, utilizing a 2.0 tesla superconducting magnet, pups underwent continuous serial in vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis of cerebral hemispheric metabolic state. Animals exposed to insult had significant alterations in PO2, PCO2, pH, and mean arterial pressure at the end of insult compared to control pups (all pups: p less than 0.001). Serial CBF data demonstrated decreases in flow in cortical gray and white matter regions during insult and return to baseline 1 hour later; brainstem structures were hyperemic during insult. Analysis of phosphorylated metabolites inorganic phosphorus (Pi), phosphocreatine (PCr), and ATP demonstrated that during insult both the PCr/Pi and ATP/Pi ratios were depressed but by 20-30 min following insult, these ratios of cerebral phosphorylated metabolites had almost returned to baseline values. These data demonstrate that even after a severe asphyxial episode which results in electrocerebral silence, CBF and metabolism may return to normal. PMID- 3149478 TI - Changes in blood flow of the middle cerebral artery during absence seizures. AB - Blood flow velocities (BFVs) of the middle cerebral artery were measured by transcranial Doppler blood flowmeter in 2 patients with childhood absence epilepsy; a total of 8 absence seizures were recorded. BFV began to decrease 7-9 sec after the appearance of diffuse bilateral 3 Hz spike-and-wave bursts on electroencephalography, reaching the trough 0-8 sec after the disappearance of spike-and-wave bursts which was followed by BFV recovery with rebound phenomenon. BFV then returned to the pre-ictal value within 1 min after the seizure ended. Pulsatility index increased in accordance with BFV decrease. PMID- 3149479 TI - Video EEG diagnosis of repetitive behavior in early childhood and its relationship to seizures. AB - Differentiating seizures from pseudoseizures frequently is challenging in very young children manifesting repetitive, stereotypic behavior. Using video electroencephalographic recording, we evaluated 60 patients, younger than 10 years of age, with episodic signs and symptoms believed to be seizures despite repeatedly normal routine electroencephalograms. Nine patients (15%) had simple partial and atypical absence seizures. Twenty-four patients (40%) had pseudoseizures presenting as rhythmic movements or staring. Pseudoseizure frequency was greater than the frequency of true seizures; brief staring episodes were common. Motor pseudoseizures usually were of longer duration than true seizures and could be brought on with verbal encouragement. Furthermore, the stereotypic motor presentations were quite different from those of true motor seizures but were difficult to recognize from historic, clinical, and routine electroencephalographic data. Symptomatic patients can be clinically diagnosed by analyzing confirmed episodes with video electroencephalography. PMID- 3149481 TI - Skeletal muscle involvement in mucopolysaccharidosis type IIA: severe type of Hunter syndrome. AB - A patient with mucopolysaccharidosis type IIA (MPS IIA) and progressive gait disturbance is described. The histopathology of biopsied muscle was studied; Dorling's method revealed muscle fibers and interstitial cells containing metachromatic granules which suggested the storage of sulfated acidic glycosaminoglycans. Electron microscopy demonstrated that the membrane-bound vacuoles were present in muscle fibers, subsarcolemmal area, vascular endothelial cells, satellite cells, and endomysial fibroblasts. Besides clinical features, this ultrastructural pathology in MPS IIA muscles of MPS IIA was more severe than MPS IIB muscles. The accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in muscle tissue may be an additional factor contributing to gradual motor impairment of patients with MPS IIA. PMID- 3149480 TI - Conservative management of spinal epidural hematoma in hemophilia. AB - Two patients with hemophilia and spinal epidural hematoma, who were treated successfully with serial Factor VIII infusions, are reported. This form of conservative therapy may circumvent the need for decompressive laminectomy and its attendant complications in instances in which the neurologic deficit is mild or stable. Somatosensory evoked potential studies were useful in documenting spinal cord dysfunction in 1 of the 2 patients. PMID- 3149482 TI - Hypoxemia and hemodynamic changes during the hypercarbia stimulation test. AB - The hypercarbia stimulation test is a valuable technique to document the absence of brainstem responsiveness to elevated levels of carbon dioxide (PCO2); however, its application has been limited by concern that hypoxemia may induce cardiovascular instability. We investigated hemodynamic and oxygen (PO2) changes in 19 patients: group 1 (17 patients) had no spontaneous ventilations at PCO2 values ranging from 37-129 torr; group 2 (2 patients) had spontaneous ventilations at less than 38 torr. Group 1 was separated into 2 subgroups: A (10 patients) with PO2 greater than 153 torr and B (7 patients) with PO2 less than 80 torr. Hemodynamic changes (less than 10% variation in baseline pulse and blood pressure) occurred in 9 of 10 patients in group 1A and all patients in Group 1B. Mean differences in pulse and blood pressure changes between these groups were not significant; therefore, pulse and blood pressure changes are not predictive of hypoxemia and hypercarbia is not necessary to induce spontaneous ventilation in patients with intact medullary function. PMID- 3149483 TI - Impaired NADH-CoQ reductase activity in a child with moyamoya syndrome. AB - A 33-month-old boy with recurrent stroke-like episodes had angiographic features characteristic of moyamoya syndrome. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy was suspected because of lactic acidosis and ptosis. Studies of oxidative metabolism on isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria revealed impairment of NADH-coenzyme Q reductase activity. Mitochondrial metabolic disorders may cause moyamoya syndrome when other known associated factors are absent. PMID- 3149484 TI - Paradoxical precipitation of tonic seizures by lorazepam in a child with atypical absence seizures. AB - A 10-year-old girl with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome who received intravenous lorazepam for atypical absence status seizures is reported. Tonic seizures occurred immediately and appeared to represent a paradoxical seizure exacerbation. We also review other patients with paradoxical seizure exacerbation by benzodiazepines. PMID- 3149485 TI - Effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the activity of 7 alpha-hydroxy-4 cholesten-3-one-specific 12 alpha-hydroxylase in rats. AB - The activity of 12 alpha-hydroxylase in hepatic microsomes from normal, streptozotocin-induced diabetic, and insulin-treated diabetic rats was studied with 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one as a substrate. In the diabetic rats, the 12 alpha-hydroxylase activity was about 50% lower than in the normal rats. Treatment of the diabetics with insulin cancelled the reduction of the activity. These results show that an insulin-deficient state causes a paradoxical decrease in the activity of the key enzyme for cholic acid formation. PMID- 3149487 TI - Bibliography of the current world literature. PMID- 3149486 TI - Isolation of the adherence protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae by fractionated solubilization and size exclusion chromatography. AB - The 168-kDa adherence protein of M. pneumoniae was solubilized and purified to homogeneity. Optimal yield was obtained by pretreatment of whole M. pneumoniae cells with buffer containing 1% Chaps and subsequent extraction with octylglucosid at a detergent to protein ratio of 5 and at octylglycoside concentrations between 1.5 and 2%. Contaminating membrane proteins with high molecular masses were removed by pretreatment with 1% Chaps and proteins of low molecular masses by size exclusion chromatography. PMID- 3149488 TI - Prostitute women and AIDS: epidemiology. PMID- 3149489 TI - Prostitute women and AIDS: anthropology. PMID- 3149490 TI - Characteristics of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients: a case-control study. AB - To test the hypothesis that HIV infection can modify the clinical characteristics of tuberculosis, 65 consecutive cases of tuberculosis in HIV-seropositive patients diagnosed in Barcelona (Spain) were compared with 65 HIV-seronegative controls matched for age and sex. Thirty of the 65 cases were accepted as AIDS cases (August 1987 Centers for Disease Control criteria) only because of the tuberculosis. Among the cases 54 (83%) were parenteral drug addicts and 88% were males. The tuberculosis was pulmonary or pleural in 62 controls (96%) but in only 25 cases (39%; P less than 0.0001). Lymph nodes were involved in 25 cases (39%) and in none of the controls (P less than 0.0001). Disseminated forms of tuberculosis were present in seven cases (11%) and in no controls (P less than 0.007). Bone, joints and central nervous system involvement were also significantly (P less than 0.05) more frequent in cases. The treatment (isoniazid and rifampin for 6 months plus ethambutol and pyrazinamide during the first 2 months) was always effective. One relapse was detected after a median follow-up of 55 months in cases and none in controls after a median follow-up of 43 months. Twenty-five cases (39%) and 14 controls (22%) developed mild or severe side effects related to the treatment (P less than 0.004). In conclusion, most of the HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis were drug addicts with extrapulmonary or disseminated forms. A short course of treatment (6 or 9 months) may be enough but side effects were frequent. PMID- 3149491 TI - Maternally transmitted HIV infection in children. AB - We evaluated 16 children at high risk for AIDS because of mothers infected with HIV. Two children were persistently seropositive and had laboratory and clinical evidence of HIV infection but had no detectable infectious HIV in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Seven children, all of whom had clinical and laboratory evidence of HIV infection, were seropositive and virus culture-positive. One child who died at 10 months of age of candida septicemia was HIV antibody-negative but HIV was grown from cultures of his PBMC. Six children had no serologic or virologic evidence of HIV infection; of these, four who were asymptomatic with normal laboratory studies were HIV antibody-positive up to 12 months of age but became antibody-negative by 15 months of age. These observations indicate that: (1) as many as 60% of infants of infected mothers may be infected with HIV; (2) maternal antibody can result in a false-positive or false-negative diagnosis of HIV infection in infants exposed in utero or perinatally, and (3) the use of viral cultures for HIV is valuable for the early diagnosis of maternally transmitted HIV infection. PMID- 3149493 TI - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity: comparison between HTLV-I and HIV 1 assays. AB - This study confirms the presence of detectable antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) towards both HTLV-I- and HIV-1-infected cell lines, mediated by normal donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells and either by antibody from adult T-cell lymphoma and tropical spastic paraparesis patients (HTLV-I) or by antibody from sera of patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, AIDS related complex, AIDS and asymptomatic patients seropositive for HIV-1 infection. A comparison of ADCC towards these two retroviruses, under carefully controlled laboratory conditions, indicates major differences between the capacity of HTLV-I seropositive sera and HIV-1-seropositive sera to mediate ADCC. In all cases, HIV sera showed low-titre ADCC, in contrast to the high titre (greater than 1:800,000) ADCC mediated by HTLV-I-positive sera. Both sets of sera showed the prozone phenomenon, and heat inactivation may abolish ADCC towards HIV-1-infected cells. Quantitation of surface antigen expression on HTLV-I- and HIV-1-infected cell lines indicated the presence of easily detectable amounts of virus-specific antigen. We conclude that, in contrast to some previous reports, ADCC mediated by HIV-1-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody is rather weak and of low titre when compared with HTLV-I ADCC. This is true for all cell lines and HIV-1 virus isolate combinations tested. PMID- 3149492 TI - Hepatitis B virus reactivation or reinfection associated with HIV-1 infection. AB - Following acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, most individuals develop antibodies to HBV surface (anti-HBs) and core antigen (anti-HBc). Prevalence studies have shown that 10-18% develop anti-HBc in the absence of detectable anti HBs. We report four such cases, all with persistence of serum anti-HBc, who had evidence of a second period of active HBV replication as demonstrated by the reappearance of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). In one patient, an HBsAg subtype difference indicated that the second period of HBsAg-positivity was due to a reinfection. In the other cases, reactivation may also explain the findings. All cases were anti-HIV-1 seropositive at the time of reappearance of HBsAg. There is experimental evidence that anti-HBc has a protective effect against HBV infection; however, this may require intact cell-mediated immunity to be effective. HIV-1 infection may render such patients susceptible to reinfection. Alternatively, some patients with anti-HBc, but without detectable anti-HBs may have latent HBV infection. Immunosuppression associated with HIV-1 infection may allow reactivation. PMID- 3149494 TI - The epidemiology of AIDS in Asian and Pacific Islander populations in San Francisco. AB - To evaluate the epidemiology of HIV infection in Asian and Pacific Islander populations in San Francisco, we compared cases of AIDS reported in Asians and Pacific Islanders with those reported in other racial and ethnic groups. The incidence of AIDS in Asians and Pacific Islanders was significantly lower than in Whites, Blacks, Latinos and American Indians and Alaska natives. AIDS cases among Asians and Pacific Islanders have increased 177% since 1985 compared with 54% in other racial and ethnic groups, with the greatest increase in homosexual and bisexual men and transfusion recipients. Among Asian and Pacific Islander ethnic groups, the incidence of AIDS was 168 cases per 100,000 in Polynesians, 141 per 100,000 in Japanese, 92 per 100,000 in 100 Filipinos, 72 per 100,000 in southeast Asians, and 21 per 100,000 in Chinese. We conclude that AIDS cases are disproportionately increasing in Asians and Pacific Islanders in San Francisco. PMID- 3149496 TI - Instrumental evidence of zidovudine effectiveness in the treatment of HIV associated subacute encephalitis. PMID- 3149495 TI - A new second-generation anti-HIV-1 enzyme immunoassay using recombinant envelope and core proteins. AB - In a multicenter collaborative study a new second-generation HIV-1 antibody enzyme immunoassay (Abbott recombinant HIV-1 EIA) using Escherichia coli expressed recombinant p24 and p41 proteins as solid-phase antigens was compared with the first-generation H9 cell-line-based Abbott HIV-1 EIA. The results of the confirmatory assays (Western blot, immunofluorescence), combined with clinical information, were used as the reference standard for the detection of HIV-1 antibodies in 10,676 random blood donor serum specimens, in a panel of 840 specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and a total of 63 serial blood specimens from 23 people at risk. With fresh blood donor sera, the specificity of the first-generation assay ranged between 99.54 and 99.76% (95% confidence limits, CL) compared with 99.81-99.95% (95% CL) for the second generation EIA. With panel specimens the recombinant HIV-1 EIA achieved an overall sensitivity of 100% and a specificity range of 98.3-99.7% (95% CL); the corresponding sensitivity and specificity ranges observed for the first generation EIA were 98.0-99.5% (95% CL) and 94.3-96.8% (95% CL), respectively. The improved sensitivity for the second-generation assay was confirmed by testing serial samples from seroconverting patients. The use of recombinant proteins eliminated non-specific reactions due to class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) directed antibodies. PMID- 3149497 TI - Fear of rejection: patients' reluctance to disclose HIV diagnoses. PMID- 3149498 TI - Malignancies in anti-HIV-positive patients. PMID- 3149500 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging in mucopolysaccharidosis]. PMID- 3149499 TI - Composition of phospholipid molecular species from mammary tumors. AB - The molecular phospholipid species of mammary tumors induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in rats that were fed diets containing 20 or 3% sunflower-seed oil and different levels of calcium were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Twenty-seven molecular species of phospholipids were identified. Phosphatidylcholine was predominantly composed of palmitoyl arachidonoyl (16:0-20:4) (17-21%), palmitoyl-oleoyl (16:0-18:1) (19-21%), stearoyl-arachidonoyl (18:0-20:4) (12-13%), and 1,2-dipalmitoyl (16:0-16:0) (10 14%) species. The major molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamine were 18:0 20:4 (37-39%) and 16:0-20:4 (10-11%). The composition of diacyl phosphatidylcholine and diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine molecular species from rat mammary tumors was not greatly affected by the different diets. PMID- 3149501 TI - [A case of frontal lobe epilepsy which evolved from Lennox-Gastaut syndrome]. PMID- 3149502 TI - Isotope-edited proton NMR study on the structure of a pepsin/inhibitor complex. AB - A general approach is illustrated for providing detailed structural information on large enzyme/inhibitor complexes using NMR spectroscopy. The method involves the use of isotopically labeled ligands to simplify two-dimensional NOE spectra of large molecular complexes by isotope-editing techniques. With this approach, the backbone and side-chain conformations (at the P2 and P3 sites) of a tightly bound inhibitor of porcine pepsin have been determined. In addition, structural information on the active site of pepsin has been obtained. Due to the sequence homology between porcine pepsin and human renin, this structural information may prove useful for modeling renin/inhibitor complexes with the ultimate goal of designing more effective renin inhibitors. Moreover, this general approach can be applied to study other biological systems of interest such as other enzyme/inhibitor complexes, ligands bound to soluble receptors, and enzyme/substrate interactions. PMID- 3149503 TI - Proteolytic modification of tissue plasminogen activator: importance of the N terminal part of the catalytically active B-chain for enzymatic activity. AB - Native one-chain tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) was rapidly converted to the two-chain form by trypsin-Sepharose cleavage. This caused an increase in the amidolytic activity on low molecular weight peptide substrates, while plasminogen activation in the presence of fibrin markedly decreased. Cleavage sites were identified by N-terminal sequence analysis of reduced and carboxymethylated peptides. In the B-chain, the expected cleavage at Arg278-Ile279 was identified. Furthermore, a specific cleavage site was found at Arg302-Ser303, 24 amino acids from the N-terminus of the B-chain. The peptide released by this cleavage (designated B1-24) remained associated with the activator molecule by strong noncovalent interactions but could be dissociated under denaturing conditions (4 mol/L of guanidine hydrochloride), leading to a 20-fold decrease in amidolytic activity. Addition of purified B1-24 peptide to t-PA treated in this manner restored the activity in a concentration-dependent way. In contrast to trypsin, cleavage of the single-chain t-PA molecule with endoproteinase Lys-C generated a two-chain form of the activator, without simultaneous increase in the amidolytic activity. By sequence analysis, a major cleavage was identified at Lys280-Gly281, two residues into the B-chain. Together, the results presented provide additional information on the one-chain to two-chain conversion of t-PA and the role of the free N-terminus of the B-chain. PMID- 3149504 TI - Base-sequence dependence of noncovalent complex formation and reactivity of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide with polynucleotides. AB - The base-sequence selectivity of the noncovalent binding of (+/-)-trans-7,8 dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyr ene (BPDE) to a series of synthetic polynucleotides in aqueous solutions (5 mM sodium cacodylate buffer, 20 mM NaCl, pH 7.0, 22 degrees C) was investigated. The magnitude of a red shifted absorbance at 353 nm, attributed to intercalative complex formation, was utilized to determine values of the association constant Kic. Intercalation in the alternating pyridine-purine polymers poly(dA-dT).(dA-dT) (Kic = 20,000 M-1), poly(dG-dC).(dG-dC) (4200 M-1), and poly(dA-dC).(dG-dT) (9600 M-1) is distinctly favored over intercalation in their nonalternating counterparts poly(dA).(dT) (780 M-1), poly(dG).(dC) (1800 M-1), and poly(dA-dG).(dT-dC) (5400 M-1). Methylation at the 5-position of cytosine gives rise to a significant enhancement of intercalative binding, and Kic is 22,000 M-1 in poly(dG-m5dG).(dG-m5dC). In a number of these polynucleotides, values of Kic for pyrene qualitatively follow those exhibited by BPDE, suggesting that the pyrenyl residue in BPDE is a primary factor in determining the extent of intercalation. Both BPDE and pyrene exhibit a distinct preference for intercalating within dA-dT and dG-m5dC sequences. The catalysis of the chemical reactions of BPDE (hydrolysis to tetrols and covalent adduct formation) is enhanced significantly in the presence of each of the polynucleotides studied, particularly in the dG-containing polymers. A model in which catalysis is mediated by physical complex formation accounts well for the experimentally observed enhancement in reaction rates of BPDE in the alternating polynucleotides; however, in the nonalternating polymers a different or more complex catalysis mechanism may be operative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3149506 TI - Rapid attractant-induced changes in methylation of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins in Bacillus subtilis. AB - In Bacillus subtilis, addition of chemotactic attractant causes an immediate change in distribution of methyl groups on methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), whereas in Escherichia coli, it causes changes that occur throughout the adaptation period. Thus, methylation changes in B. subtilis are probably related to excitation, not adaptation. If labeled cells are exposed to excess nonradioactive methionine, then attractant causes immediate 50% delabeling of the MCPs, suggesting that a flux of methyl groups through the MCPs occurs. Methanol is given off at a high rate during the adaptation period and probably reflects demethylation of some substance to bring about adaptation. The fact that many radioactive methyl groups are lost immediately from the MCPs but only slowly arise as methanol is consistent with the hypothesis that they are transferred from the MCPs to a carrier from which methanol arises. Demethylation of this carrier may cause adaptation. PMID- 3149505 TI - UV-induced vanadate-dependent modification and cleavage of skeletal myosin subfragment 1 heavy chain. 2. Oxidation of serine in the 23-kDa NH2-terminal tryptic peptide. AB - Myosin subfragment 1 (S1) can be specifically photomodified at the active site without polypeptide chain cleavage by irradiating the stable MgADP-orthovanadate S1 complex with UV light above 300 nm [Grammer, J. C., Cremo, C. R., & Yount, R. G. (1988) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. Here, the UV spectral properties of photomodified S1 were used to determine the nature and location of the photomodified residue(s) within S1. By comparison of the unusual pH dependence of the UV absorption spectrum of the photomodified S1 to that of the S1-MgADP-Vi complex as a control, the photomodified residue(s) was (were) localized to the 23-kDa NH2-terminal tryptic peptide of the heavy chain. NaBH4 reduced the photomodified S1, but not the control, to regenerate the original spectral properties and ATPase activities of the unmodified S1. Amino acid analysis of photomodified S1 reduced with NaB3H4 gave only [3H]serine, suggesting the hydroxyl group of serine had been oxidized to a "serine aldehyde". The pH dependence of the absorption spectrum of the photomodified enzyme can be explained by an equilibrium between a chromophoric enolate anion of the serine aldehyde (favored in base) and less chromophoric keto and enol forms (favored in acid). The oxidized serine(s) was (were) shown to be directly involved with the vanadate-dependent photocleavage of the S1 heavy chain previously described by Grammer et al. (1988). This serine(s) is (are) likely to be important to the binding and hydrolysis of the gamma-PO4 of ATP at the active site of S1. PMID- 3149507 TI - Characterization of the cation-binding properties of porcine neurofilaments. AB - In the presence of physiological levels of Na+ (10 mM), K+ (150 mM), and Mg2+ (2 mM), dephosphorylated neurofilaments contained two Ca2+ specific binding sites with Kd = 11 microM per unit consisting of eight low, three middle, and three high molecular subunits, as well as 46 sites with Kd = 620 microM. Only one class of 126 sites with Kd = 740 microM was detected per unit of untreated neurofilaments. A chymotryptic fraction enriched in the alpha-helical domains of neurofilament subunits contained one high-affinity Ca2+-binding site (Kd = 3.6 microM) per domain fragment of approximately 32 kDa. This site may correspond to a region in coil 2b of the alpha-helical domain, which resembles the I-II Ca2+ binding site in intestinal Ca2+-binding protein. Homopolymeric filaments composed of the low or middle molecular weight subunits contained low-affinity Ca2+ binding sites with Kd = 37 microM and 24 microM, respectively, while the Kd values for the low-affinity sites in heteropolymeric filaments were 8-10-fold higher. Competitive binding studies, using the chymotryptic fraction to assay the high-affinity Ca2+-binding sites and 22Na+ to monitor binding to the phosphate containing low-affinity sites, yielded Kd values for Al3+ of 0.01 microM and 4 microM, respectively. This suggests that the accumulation of Al3+ in neurons may be due in part to its binding to neurofilaments. PMID- 3149509 TI - Activity of soybean lipoxygenase in the absence of lipid hydroperoxide. AB - Soybean lipoxygenase was assayed under conditions such that the concentration of the enzyme was in excess of the concentration of the substrate, arachidonic acid. Under these conditions, the concentration of lipid hydroperoxides present as contaminants in the substrate was negligible relative to the enzyme concentration, and the concentration of lipid hydroperoxide product could be determined accurately. The ferric form of the enzyme was observed to be fully active and to catalyze the oxidation of arachidonic acid at a near-diffusion controlled rate, 1.4 X 10(7) M-1 s-1 at 0 degree C, at concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides as low as 5% of the enzyme concentration. From this, it can be concluded that the higher oxidation states that would be accessible by oxidation of Fe(III) by hydroperoxide are not required for catalysis by soybean lipoxygenase. Surprisingly, the activation of the ferrous form of the enzyme was also observed at insignificantly low lipid hydroperoxide concentrations. This activation presumably involves oxidation of the ferrous to the ferric form of the enzyme and must be more facile than has hitherto been reported. This result may rationalize previous reports that the ferrous and the ferric forms of the enzyme are both active. PMID- 3149508 TI - Analysis of the assembly of laminin and the laminin-entactin complex with laminin chain specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. AB - Antibodies specific for the A, B1, and B2 chains of laminin have been obtained and characterized. Lam V, a rat X mouse monoclonal antibody, was obtained by immunizing Lewis rats with the extracellular matrix derived from the mouse endodermal line M1536-B3. The antibody was shown to recognize a conformation sensitive epitope present on the A chain of laminin. The antibody exhibited high avidity for native laminin and uncomplexed newly synthesized laminin A chains. cDNA clones in the vector lambda-gt11 containing sequences for the B1 and B2 chains of laminin were shown to synthesize beta-galactosidase fusion proteins in the host cells induced with IPTG. The fusion protein F3 contained amino acid residues 822-1765 of the B1 chain of mouse laminin, and the fusion protein E4 contained 219 amino acids at the carboxyl terminus of the B2 chain of rat laminin. These two fusion proteins were used to obtain rabbit polyclonal antibodies which were characterized for their specificity and ability to immunoprecipitate laminin and the B chains of laminin. The chain-specific antibodies were used to analyze the assembly and processing of laminin in the mouse endodermal cell line M1536-B3. The results indicated that the covalent assembly of the A and B chains of laminin was initiated as early as 3 min after labeling cells. At this time point uncomplexed A chain of laminin could be observed even though there was an excess of B1 and B2 chains. As early as 4 min after labeling monomeric, dimeric, and oligomeric forms of the B chains of laminin were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3149510 TI - Inactivation of soybean lipoxygenase 1 by 12-iodo-cis-9-octadecenoic acid. AB - 12-Iodo-cis-9-octadecenoic acid (12-IODE) is a time-dependent, irreversible inactivator of soybean lipoxygenase 1. The rate of inactivation is independent of 12-IODE concentration above 20 microM and is half-maximal at about 4 microM. Inactivation by 12-IODE requires lipid hydroperoxide, which must be present even after the initial oxidation of the iron in the enzyme from ferrous to ferric. Inactivation by 12-IODE is also dependent on O2. These findings suggest that 12 IODE is converted by the enzyme into a more reactive species, which is responsible for inactivation. No inactivation has been detected with 12 iodooctadecanoic acid, 12-bromo-cis-9-octadecenoic acid, 12-iodo-trans-9 octadecenoic acid, or a mixture of stereoisomers of 9,11-octadecadienoic acid. PMID- 3149512 TI - IXth International Symposium on Glycoconjugates. Lille, France, 6-8 July 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3149511 TI - Directed mutagenesis indicates that the donor to P+680 in photosystem II is tyrosine-161 of the D1 polypeptide. AB - Photosystem II contains two redox-active tyrosines. One of these, YZ, reduces the reaction center chlorophyll, P680, and transfers the oxidizing equivalent to the oxygen-evolving complex. The second, YD, has a long-lived free radical state of unknown function. We recently established that YD is Tyr-160 of the D2 polypeptide by site-directed mutagenesis of a psbD gene in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 [Debus, R. J., Barry, B. A., Babcock, G. T., & McIntosh, L. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85, 427-430]. YZ is most likely the symmetry-related Tyr-161 of the D1 polypeptide. To test this hypothesis, we have changed Tyr-161 to phenylalanine by site-directed mutagenesis of a psbA gene in Synechocystis. The resulting mutant assembles PSII, as judged by its ability to produce the stable Y+D radical, but is unable to grow photosynthetically and exhibits altered fluorescence properties. The nature of the fluorescence change indicates that forward electron transfer to P+680 is disrupted in the mutant. These results provide strong support for our identification of Tyr-161 in the D1 polypeptide with YZ. PMID- 3149513 TI - Novel fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric procedures for glycoprotein analysis. AB - We describe procedures, based upon fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, for characterising the carbohydrate chains in glycoproteins and for determining sites of glycosylation. Strategies for rapidly screening glycoproteins to ascertain the types of sugar chains present and the degree of heterogeneity are presented. Protocols are given for sequencing O- and N-linked glycans. These strategies exploit simple purification steps and afford data at high sensitivity. PMID- 3149515 TI - Comparative study of the primary structures of sero-, lacto- and ovotransferrin glycans from different species. AB - In order to establish relationships between glycan structure and biological activity and to answer the question: Are glycans markers of evolution?, the authors undertook a comparative study of the glycan primary structures of different transferrins (sero-, lacto- and ovotransferrins) from several species. By associating permethylation--mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy, the primary structure of the following transferrin glycans were determined: human, bovine, hen, horse, marsupial, mouse, rabbit, rat and sheep serotransferrins; human, mouse, bovine and goat lactotransferrins; hen and turkey ovotransferrins. The results obtained led to the conclusion that transferrin glycans are specific for each transferrin and, for a given transferrin, specific to the species. No relationship could be established a priori between primary structure and function of transferrin glycans. PMID- 3149514 TI - Structural fingerprinting of Asn-linked carbohydrates from specific attachment sites in glycoproteins by mass spectrometry: application to tissue plasminogen activator. AB - A sensitive and specific strategy has been developed for determining the sites of attachment of Asn-linked carbohydrates in glycoproteins, and defining the compositions and molecular heterogeneity of carbohydrates at each specific attachment site. In this carbohydrate 'fingerprinting' strategy, potential glycopeptides are identified by comparing the high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms of proteolytic digests of a glycoprotein obtained before and after digestion with a glycosidase, usually peptide:N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). The glycopeptide-containing HPLC fractions are analyzed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB MS) prior to and after digestion with PNGase F to identify the former glycosylation site peptide and its sequence location (Carr and Roberts, (1986) Anal. Biochem. 157, 396-406). Carbohydrates are extracted from these fractions as the peracetates which are then permethylated and analyzed by FAB MS. The spectra exhibit molecular weight-related ions for each of the parent oligosaccharides present in the fraction which provide composition in terms of hexose, deoxyhexose, N-acetylhexosamine and sialic acid. The relative ratios of these peaks reflect the relative abundances of the various carbohydrate homologs present in the mixture. The derivatives formed are directly amenable to methylation analysis for determination of linkage. This strategy enables the structural classes of carbohydrates at specific attachment sites to be determined using only a few nmol of glycoprotein. The carbohydrate fingerprinting strategy has been applied to a number of glycoproteins including tissue plasminogen activator, the results for which are described herein. PMID- 3149516 TI - The complexity of mucins. AB - Mucins represent the main components of gel-like secretions, or mucus, secreted by mucosae or some exocrine glands. These high-molecular-weight glycoproteins are characterized by the large number of carbohydrate chains O-glycosidically linked to the peptide. The determination of mucin molecular weight and conformation has been controversial for several reasons: 1) the methods used to solubilize mucus and to purify mucins are different and 2) the molecules have a strong tendency to aggregate or to bind to other molecules (peptides or lipids). Recently, electron microscopy has shown the filamentous shape of most mucins and their polydisperse character which, in some secretions, might correspond to a polymorphism of the peptide part of these molecules. The recent development of high pressure liquid chromatography and high-resolution proton NMR spectroscopy has allowed major progress in the structural study of mucin carbohydrate chains. These chains may have from 1 to about 20 sugars and bear different antigenic determinants, such as A, B, H, I, i, X, Y or Cad antigens. In some mucins, such as human respiratory mucins, the carbohydrate chain diversity is remarkable, which raises many questions. Mucins are molecules located at the interface between mucosae and the external environment. The carbohydrate chain diversity might allow many interactions between mucins and microorganisms and play a major role in the colonization or the defense of mucosae. PMID- 3149517 TI - Characterization of beta-fructosidase, an extracellular glycoprotein of carrot cells. AB - Seedlings and suspension-cultured cells of carrot (Daucus carota) contain a cell wall associated as well as a soluble form of beta-fructosidase (beta F). These two forms have different pH optima: 4.6 for cell wall beta F and 5.6 for soluble beta F. Soluble beta F is relatively more abundant in the seedlings and cell wall beta F is relatively much more abundant in the cultured cells. Protoplasts of cultured cells have only the soluble form (pH optimum 5.6) indicating that the cell wall associated form is indeed extracellular in situ. Cell wall beta F was purified to homogeneity and has an Mr = 63,000. Antibodies raised against the deglycosylated enzyme cross-reacted with two soluble enzyme forms: in cultured cells, the soluble enzyme has an Mr = 58,000 and, in seedlings, there are two forms of Mr = 58,000 and 52,000. Treatment of purified cell wall beta F with endoglycosidase H and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (complete deglycosylation) indicated that the enzyme probably has one high mannose and two complex glycans. This was confirmed by HPLC analysis of [3H]GlcNAc- and [3H]fucose-labeled glycopeptides obtained after trypsin digestion of radioactively-labeled beta F. The amino acid composition shows that cell wall beta F has 18.6% glycine. PMID- 3149518 TI - Structure and biosynthesis of prokaryotic glycoproteins. AB - Glycoproteins as components of cell surfaces are not restricted to eukaryotes. The prokaryotic glycoprotein studied in greatest detail so far is the cell surface glycoprotein of the archaebacterium Halobacterium halobium. This bacterial glycoprotein contains 3 different types of glycoconjugates, and each type of glycoconjugate involves a different carbohydrate-protein linkage unit: 1) One glycosaminoglycan chain, constructed from a repeating sulfated pentasaccharide block, is linked to one protein molecule via the novel N-glycosyl linkage unit asparaginyl-N-acetylgalactosamine. 2) Ten sulfated oligosaccharides that contain glucose, glucuronic acid and iduronic acid are bound to the protein via the hitherto unknown N-glycosyl linkage unit asparaginylglucose. 3) About 15 disaccharides, glucosylgalactose, are O-glycosyl-linked to a cluster of threonine residues close to the C-terminus of the core protein. The overall structure of the cell surface glycoprotein of halobacteria is thus reminiscent of animal proteoglycans and a functional role of the glycosaminoglycan chain in maintaining the rod shape of halobacteria is discussed. Biosynthesis of the two N-glycosyl linkage units involves dolichol monophosphate and dolicholdiphosphate-linked saccharide precursors. Sulfation and epimerization of the glycoconjugates occur at the lipid-linked level and the mature saccharides are transferred to the protein core on the cell surface. The sulfated oligosaccharides that finally become bound to asparagine via glucose are transiently methylated at their lipid linked stage and this transient chemical modification seems to be required for the biosynthesis of the corresponding N-glycosyl bond. PMID- 3149519 TI - Lysosomal catabolic pathway of N-glycosylprotein glycans. AB - In vitro study of the initiation steps of catabolism of N-glycosylproteins in rat liver lysosomes has led to the evidence that the degradation of the carbohydrate chain is an ordered and bi-directional phenomenon: 1) The first one starts at the reducing terminus, immediately follows the degradation of the peptidic backbone by proteases and involves a serial reaction of 3 enzymes, respectively, 1) an alpha-L-fucosidase, 2) an aspartylglucosaminidase, and 3) an acidic 'oligosaccharide specific' endo-N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase, that we propose calling endo-chitobiase. 2) The second one is the commonly admitted sequential recurrent degradation by exoglycosidases. This process explains the presence of oligosaccharides sharing a single terminal reducing N-acetylglucosamine residue in human lysosomal storage diseases. Using a model glycoasparagine as a substrate, we followed the above mentioned hydrolysis reactions by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The kinetic data revealed a rapid hydrolysis of the substrate via pathway 1 prior to the action of exoglycosidases. Moreover, the latter act at different rates on the different antennae of the substrate. PMID- 3149520 TI - Sialate O-acetylesterases: key enzymes in sialic acid catabolism. AB - Sialate 9(4)-O-acetylesterases (EC 3.1.1.53) have been isolated from equine liver, bovine brain and influenza C virus. In this latter case, the esterase represents the receptor-destroying enzyme of the virus. The kinetic properties of these enzymes were determined with Neu5,9Ac2 and in part with 4 methylumbelliferyl acetate and Neu5,9Ac2-lactose. The Km values vary between 0.13 and 24 mM and the Vmax values from 0.55 to 11 U/mg of protein. The pH optima are in the range of 7.4-8.5, the molecular masses at 56,500 and 88,000 Da. In addition to a fast hydrolysis found for aromatic acetates, such as 4 methylumbelliferyl acetate or 4-nitrophenyl acetate, N-acetyl-9-O acetylneuraminic acid is de-O-acetylated at the highest relative rate. Other substituents at the 9-position, such as lactoyl residues, or acetyl groups at other positions within the side chain are not hydrolyzed. Neu4,5Ac2, however, is a substrate for all 3 enzymes. The hydrolysis rates of this ester function, which renders sialic acids resistant to the action of sialidases, vary from 3 to 100% relative to Neu5,9Ac2. Whereas Neu5,9Ac2-lactose is hydrolyzed by the bovine and viral esterases, other O-acetylated sialic acids in glycoconjugates are only attacked by the enzyme from influenza C virus and not by that from bovine brain. The esterase from horse liver also releases 4-O-acetyl groups from equine submandibular gland mucin. By incubation with appropriate substrates and inhibition studies, carboxylesterase, amidase and choline esterase activities were excluded, as well as the cleavage of other acyls, e.g., butyryl groups. Thus, the enzymes investigated belong to the acetylesterases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3149521 TI - Dissecting glycoprotein biosynthesis by the use of specific inhibitors. AB - It is possible to interfere with different steps in the dolichol pathway of protein glycosylation and in the processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. Thus some clues about the role of protein-bound carbohydrate can be obtained by comparing the biochemical fates and functions of glycosylated proteins with their non-glycosylated counterparts, or with proteins exhibiting differences in the type of oligosaccharide side chains. Cells infected with enveloped viruses are good systems for studying both aspects of protein glycosylation, since they contain a limited number of different glycoproteins, often with well-defined functions. Tunicamycin, an antibiotic, as well as several sugar analogues have been found to act as inhibitors of protein glycosylation by virtue of their anti-viral properties. They interfere with various steps in the dolichol pathway resulting in a lack of functional lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursors. Compounds that interfere with oligosaccharide trimming represent a second generation of inhibitors of glycosylation. They are glycosidase inhibitors that interfere with the processing glucosidases and mannosidases and, as a result, the conversion of high-mannose into complex-type oligosaccharides is blocked. Depending upon the compound used, glycoproteins contain glucosylated high-mannose, high-mannose or hybrid oligosaccharide structures instead of complex ones. The biological consequences of the alterations caused by the inhibitors are manifold: increased susceptibility to proteases, improper protein processing and misfolding of polypeptide chains, loss of biological activity and alteration of the site of virus-budding, to name but a few. PMID- 3149523 TI - Glycolipids of human large intestine: difference in glycolipid expression related to anatomical localization, epithelial/non-epithelial tissue and the ABO, Le and Se phenotypes of the donors. AB - Human large intestine specimens were obtained during elective surgery from donors of known blood group ABO, Lewis and secretor phenotypes. The intestinal epithelial cells were isolated from the non-epithelial tissue in one case and in another case mucosa tissue was obtained by scraping. Total non-acid glycolipid and ganglioside fractions were isolated from the tissue specimens, analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and detected by chemical reagents and autoradiography after staining the plate with various blood group monoclonal antibodies and bacterial toxins. The amount of non-acid glycolipids present in the large intestine epithelial cells was 3.9 micrograms/mg of cell protein and in the non epithelial tissue 0.39 mg/g dry tissue weight. The epithelial cells contained monoglycosylceramides and blood group Lea pentaglycosylceramides as major compounds together with small amounts of diglycosylceramides. In addition, trace amounts of tri- and tetra-glycosylceramides together with more complex glycolipids were present. The non-epithelial tissue contained mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-glycosylceramides as major non-acid components. Blood group ABH glycolipids were present in trace amounts in the non-epithelial part of the large intestine. Lea pentaglycosylceramide was the major blood group glycolipid present in all Le-positive individuals independent of the secretor status. Leb glycolipids were present in trace amounts in secretor individuals but completely lacking in non-secretors. Trace amounts of X antigens were found in all individuals, while Y antigens were only present in secretor individuals. The Lea, Leb, X and Y glycolipids were located in the epithelial cells. The gangliosides were present mainly in the non-epithelial tissue (65-350 nmol of sialic acid/g dry weight) and only trace amounts (less than 0.014 nmol/mg of cell protein) were found in the epithelial cells. The major gangliosides of the non-epithelial tissue were identified as GM3, GM1, GD3, GD1b, GT1b and GQ1b. In addition, several minor gangliosides were also present. Binding of cholera toxin to the thin-layer plate revealed trace amounts of the GM1 ganglioside in the epithelial cell ganglioside fraction. PMID- 3149522 TI - Solubilized glycosyltransferases and biosynthesis in vitro of glycolipids. AB - The assembly of most of the ceramide-linked glycolipids (GSLs) in eukaryotic cells occurs in Golgi bodies. At least 18 different glycolipid:glycosyltransferases (GSL:GLTs) have been characterized, 10 of which have been solubilized. These GLTs can be classified into 2 distinct groups: 1) GLTs dedicated to either Dol-P-P-sugar(s) or ceramide-linked sugar(s); and 2) GLTs with dual loyalties (i.e., they compete with glycolipid- and glycoprotein bound oligosaccharides). Studies with solubilized and purified GalNAcT-1 and GalNAcT-2 from embryonic chicken brains prove that GalNAcT-1 (UDP-GalNAc:GM3 beta 1-4GalNAcT) is specific for GSL, whereas GalNAcT-2 (UDP-GalNAc:Gb3 beta 1 3GalNAcT) can transfer to an oligosaccharide containing the alpha-linked terminal galactose. Similarly, GalT-3 (UDP-Gal:GM2 beta 1-3GalT) is more specific for ganglio-oligosaccharide and GalT-4 (UDP-Gal:Lc3 beta 1-4GalT) can transfer galactose to N-acetylglucosamine linked to p-nitrophenol, glycolipid or glycoprotein. Both GalT-3 and GalT-4 have been separated and purified from embryonic chicken brains. Studies with solubilized SAT-4 and SAT-3, from bovine spleen and embryonic chicken brains, respectively, suggest the existence of 2 different gene-expressed alpha 2-3SATs. The newly discovered FucT-3 (GDP Fuc:NeuGc-iLc6-alpha 1-3FucT) from human colon carcinoma (Colo-205) has also been solubilized and separated from other GSL:GLTs. Using a new activity gel-Western blot combined technique, the molecular mass of this FucT-3 was determined to be 105 kDa. PMID- 3149524 TI - Alterations of cell-surface carbohydrates during differentiation and development. AB - Expression of many cell-surface carbohydrates is controlled temporally and spatially by developmental programs. This subject is reviewed from 5 viewpoints: structural changes revealed by chemical analysis, cell-surface markers useful for cell identification and separation, core proteins carrying the developmentally regulated carbohydrate chain, glycosyltransferases responsible for the change and the biological meaning of the phenomenon. The differentiation systems covered are mainly early mammalian embryogenesis and the differentiation of blood and nerve cells. PMID- 3149525 TI - Regulation of expression of carbohydrate blood group antigens. AB - The carbohydrate antigens associated with the human ABO and Lewis blood group systems are excellent models for the study of the genetic regulation of glycoconjugate biosynthesis because their expression on erythrocytes and in saliva has been thoroughly investigated in terms of classical genetics and the chemical structures and pathways for the formation of the antigens are now well understood. The primary protein products of the blood group genes are believed to be the glycosyltransferase enzymes that complete the biosynthesis of the determinants. The important controlling factors still to be elucidated are the genetic and environmental influences leading to the tissue specific expression of these antigens. The 3 types of regulation mechanisms discussed in this review are those arising: 1) from the specificity requirements of the glycosyltransferases encoded by the blood group genes; 2) from the competition or co-operation of glycosyltransferases encoded by genes at the same or independent loci; and 3) from the existence and tissue distribution of glycosyltransferases with related, but not identical, substrate specificities. PMID- 3149526 TI - Expression of ABH and X (Lex) antigens in various cells. AB - Using a panel of reagents specific to the various subtypes of ABH antigens, it could be demonstrated that platelets carry ABH type 2 monofucosylated determinants on intrinsic glycoproteins. The presence of these antigens is controlled by the H gene and correlates with the presence of alpha-2-L fucosyltransferase and the absence of alpha-3-L-fucosyltransferase. In contrast, intrinsic ABH antigens were not found on mononuclear cells, correlating with the absence of alpha-2-L-fucosyltransferase on these cells. However, after transformation with the Epstein-Barr virus and stimulation with 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-O-acetate (TPA), B lymphocytes were found to express the H antigen under control of the H gene and not the Se gene. The lymphoblastoid cell lines also expressed the X and sialylated X antigens which are normally markers of the myeloid lineage. These antigens are also normally found in epithelial cells of the digestive tract, kidney proximal convoluted tubules and hepatocytes. The alpha-3-L-fucosyltransferase responsible for the synthesis of this antigen is present in the serum but we report the existence of two individuals, a mother and her daughter, who lack more than 90% of this serum enzyme. The young girl suffers from a congenital kidney anomaly: oligomeganephronic hypoplasia. Her kidney tubules are devoid of X antigen. However, she and her mother have the X antigen on their granulocytes and its sialylated form on their monocytes. It therefore appears that there are distinct genetic controls for the expression of antigen X in different body compartments. This would be quite similar to the H and Se gene controls in tissues of distinct embryological origins. PMID- 3149527 TI - Multiple soluble vertebrate galactoside-binding lectins. AB - All vertebrates synthesize soluble galactoside-binding lectins. Many are expressed at high levels in the embryo and at lower levels in the adult, whereas others show an inverse pattern of expression. Most lectins tend to be concentrated in one or a number of specific cell types. In the past few years, the multiplicity of these lectins has become more apparent. For example, in Xenopus laevis 3 galactoside-binding lectins, 2 with a preference for alpha galactosides, have been purified and partially characterized. They have subunit molecular weights ranging from 16,000 to 69,000. More detailed studies have been done in mammals. For example, rat lung contains 3 soluble beta-galactoside binding lectins, RL-14.5, RL-18 and RL-29, with subunit molecular weights, respectively, of 14,500, 18,000 and 29,000. A notable feature of these lectins is that, although they all bind lactose about equally well, their carbohydrate binding sites are actually quite different, as shown by competitive binding studies with a range of complex mammalian glycoconjugates. Human lung also contains several beta-galactoside-binding lectins, including HL-14, HL-22 and HL 29 with subunit molecular weights, respectively, of 14,000, 22,000 and 29,000. They too show significant differences in their carbohydrate-binding sites when analyzed with naturally occurring mammalian glycoconjugates. Sequencing of purified lectins and cDNA clones indicates that at least 4 distinct genes code for what appears to be a family of HL-14. Heterogeneity is also indicated from isoelectric focusing studies which resolve at least 6 acidic forms of HL-14 and 5 acidic forms of HL-29.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3149528 TI - Characterization and biological implications of membrane lectins in tumor, lymphoid and myeloid cells. AB - Complex carbohydrates and sugar receptors at the surface of eukaryotic cells are involved in recognition phenomena. Membrane lectins have been characterized, using biochemical, biological and cytological methods. Their biological activities have been assessed using labeled glycoproteins or neoglycoproteins. Specific glycoproteins or neoglycoproteins have been used to inhibit their binding capacity in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. In adults, lymphoid and myeloid cells as well as tumor cells grow in a given organ and eventually migrate and home in another organ; these phenomena are known as the homing process or metastasis, respectively. In specific cases, membrane lectins of endothelial cells recognize cell surface glycoconjugates of lymphocytes or tumor cells, while membrane lectins of lymphocytes and of tumor cells recognize glycoconjugates of extracellular matrices or of non-migrating cells. Therefore, membrane lectins are involved in cell-cell recognition phenomena. Membrane lectins are also involved in endocytosis and intracellular traffic of glycoconjugates. This property has been demonstrated not only in hepatocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages and histiocytes but also in tumor cells, monocytes, thyrocytes, etc. Upon endocytosis, membrane lectins are present in endosomes, whose luminal pH rapidly decreases. In cells such as tumor cells or macrophages, endosomes fuse with lysosomes; it is therefore possible to target cytotoxic drugs or activators, by binding them to specific glycoconjugates or neoglycoproteins through a linkage specifically hydrolyzed by lysosomal enzymes. In cells such as monocytes, the delivery of glycoconjugates to lysosomes is not active; in this case, it would be preferable to use an acid-labile linkage. Cell surface membrane lectins are developmentally regulated; they are present at given stages of differentiation and of malignant transformation. Cell surface membrane lectins usually bind glycoconjugates at neutral pH but not in acidic medium: their ligand is released in acidic specialized organelles; the internalized ligand may be then delivered into lysosomes, while the membrane lectin is recycled. Some membrane lectins, however, do bind their ligand in relatively acidic medium as in the case of thyrocytes. The presence of cell surface membrane lectins which recognize specific sugar moieties opens the way to interesting applications: for instance, isolation of cell subpopulations such as human suppressor T cells, targeting of anti-tumor or anti-viral drugs, targeting of immunomodulators or biological response modifiers. PMID- 3149529 TI - Glycoconjugates and cell adhesion: the adhesive proteins laminin, thrombospondin and von Willebrand's factor bind specifically to sulfated glycolipids. AB - The adhesive glycoproteins laminin, thrombospondin and von Willebrand's factor bind specifically and with high affinity to sulfated glycolipids, and it is this binding that probably accounts for their ability to agglutinate glutaraldehyde fixed erythrocytes. The 3 proteins differ, however, in the effect of sulfated polysaccharides on their binding to sulfatides. Fucoidan strongly inhibits binding of both laminin and thrombospondin, but not of von Willebrand's factor, suggesting the involvement of laminin or thrombospondin or other unknown sulfatide-binding proteins in specific cell interactions that are also inhibited by fucoidan. Thrombospondin adsorbed onto plastic promotes the attachment and spreading of G361 melanoma cells. Interestingly, fucoidan and an antibody directed against the sulfatide-binding domain of thrombospondin selectively inhibit spreading but not attachment. Sulfatides, but not neutral glycolipids or gangliosides, when adsorbed onto plastic also promote attachment and spreading of G361 melanoma cells. Direct adhesion of G361 cells requires high densities of sulfatide. In the presence of laminin, however, specific adhesion of G361 cells to sulfatide is strongly stimulated and requires only low densities of adsorbed lipid, suggesting that laminin mediates adhesion by cross-linking receptors on the melanoma cell surface to sulfatide adsorbed onto the plastic. Although thrombospondin binds to sulfatide and to G361 cells, it does not enhance but rather inhibits direct and laminin-dependent G361 cell adhesion to sulfatide, presumably because it is unable to bind simultaneously to ligands on opposing surfaces. Thus, sulfated glycoconjugates participate in both laminin- and thrombospondin-mediated cell adhesion, but their mechanisms of interaction are different. PMID- 3149530 TI - Contact-dependent inhibition of growth of normal diploid human fibroblasts by plasma membrane glycoproteins. AB - Homeostasis in vivo is maintained by a highly complex network of positive and negative signals. At the cellular level, this regulatory microenvironment can be divided, in a simplified fashion, into two major compartments: the humoral compartment, including compounds such as hormones, growth factors and nutrients, and the contact-environment compartment, including cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. At least in cultures of diploid, non-transformed cells, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions have been shown to be of major importance for the regulation of growth as well as of differentiation. Although until now the glycoprotein involved in the contact-dependent inhibition of growth has not been fully characterized, our studies give evidence for the involvement of a plasma membrane glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 80 kDa in the growth regulation of diploid human fibroblasts. The important characteristic of this glycoprotein is: the biologically active determinant resides in terminal, beta-glycosidically linked galactose residues on N glycosidically linked glycans. From our studies, a receptor has to be postulated which, in addition to the galactose residues, has additional structural requirements for the specific binding of this glycoprotein, since other glycoproteins carrying terminal, beta-glycosidically linked galactose-residues are without biological activity. The postulated receptor is suggested to be defective in tumor cells, since these cells are no longer able to respond to cell cell contacts with stopped proliferation, although they are able to inhibit growth of non-transformed cells. The inability of a tumor cell to recognize and to bind to the specific glycoprotein would result in a release from growth inhibition, leading to clonal growth of these cells. Further detailed studies on the structure and the regulation of the glycoprotein, as well as an attempt to isolate the postulated receptor, should lead to a better understanding of the complex pattern of growth regulation of normal cells. PMID- 3149531 TI - Evidence for two forms of murine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase based on cloning studies. AB - We have isolated overlapping cDNA clones representing the full-length transcript (4038 base pairs) for murine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase. The coding sequence predicts a membrane-bound glycoprotein with 3 distinct structural features: 1) a large, potentially glycosylated COOH-terminal domain (355 amino acids) which is positioned within the Golgi lumen and contains both the catalytic and alpha lactalbumin binding site; 2) a single transmembrane domain (20 amino acids); and 3) a short NH2-terminal domain containing 2 Met residues, separated by 12 amino acids. The gene for murine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase is unusual in that it specifies 2 mRNA transcripts which differ in length by about 200 base pairs. The longer transcript contains both Met residues found in the NH2-terminal domain; the shorter transcript contains only the downstream Met. These results predict that 2 related forms of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase of 399 and 386 amino acids are synthesized as a consequence of alternative translation initiation. Both forms of the enzyme are identical in primary structure with the exception that the long form has an NH2-terminal extension of 13 amino acids which, in part, potentially encodes a cleavable signal sequence. The structural implications, topological distribution and potential biological significance of the 2 forms of the enzyme are discussed. PMID- 3149532 TI - Proline-rich proteins and glycoproteins: expression of salivary gland multigene families. AB - Our recent research interests have focused on a group of unusual proteins and glycoproteins high in proline content, or the so-called proline-rich proteins (PRPs). The PRPs are tissue-specific expressions of salivary gland multigene families. Normally PRPs are not detected or are present in very low amounts in rat, mouse and hamster salivary glands, but these unusual proteins are dramatically induced by treatment with the catecholamine isoproterenol. The structures and organizations of several PRP mRNAs and PRP genes have been determined. The amino acid sequences of all PRPs show 4 distinct regions, namely, a signal peptide, a transition region, a repeat region and a carboxyl-terminal region. Glycoproteins induced by isoproterenol treatment may be N-glycosylated or O-glycosylated. The N-glycosylated glycoprotein GP-158 from rat submandibular glands has a 12 amino acid glycopeptide which repeats possibly 49 times. Proline rich proteins of the parotid glands of rats and mice are also greatly induced by dietary tannins. The apparent unique occurrence of PRPs in saliva suggests that one biological role is to neutralize the detrimental effects of dietary tannins and other polyphenols. The upstream regions of the mouse and hamster PRP genes contain cyclic AMP-regulated sequences as demonstrated by deletions and transient transfections. The PRP multigene family members of mouse are all located on chromosome 8. PMID- 3149533 TI - Measurement of the rate of assimilation of oligo- and polysaccharides by 13CO2 breath tests and isotope ratio mass spectrometry. AB - 13CO2 breath tests were developed to study the digestion and absorption of (13C)lactose, (13C)sucrose, (13C)starch and (13C)glucose using naturally enriched substrates. Measurements of 13CO2 breath excretion were done in steady state conditions in order to study the assimilation rate of these carbohydrates as reflected by their oxidation rate. The reproducibility of the tests in the same individual was excellent. The excretion rate of 13CO2 after administration of (13C)glucose and (13C)sucrose was identical, while the excretion rate of 13CO2 after lactose was somewhat slower, although not significantly. In contrast, the excretion of 13CO2 after 50 g (13C)starch was significantly slower than the 13CO2 excretion after 50 g (13C)glucose or 50 g (13C)disaccharides. As the monosaccharide constituents used in this study have comparable absorption rates, the delayed excretion of 13CO2 after a (13C)starch load must be due to a slower digestion. It is concluded that (i) digestion and not monosaccharide transport is the rate-limiting step in the assimilation of polysaccharides and (ii) that the present breath tests are suitable to study the digestibility of naturally labelled carbohydrates. PMID- 3149534 TI - On the de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. AB - Some possible intermediates or by-products in the synthesis of polychlorodibenzo p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in municipal waste incinerators are presented. In stack gas samples from two different incinerators, the following compounds were tentatively identified: polychloromonobenzofurans, polychloromonobenzodioxins, monobromo-polychlorobenzenes and polychlorothiophenes. The occurrence of complete series of homologues and isomers with an increasing degree of chlorination suggests an analogous formation mechanism with common precursors. The presence of these compounds in the vapour phase, the non-regiospecific character of these reactions and the high reaction temperature and speed confirm a radical mechanism of formation. PMID- 3149535 TI - Rapid sample throughput for biomedical stable isotope tracer studies. AB - Typical 13C or 15N tracer studies generate large numbers of samples. Instrumentation capable of rapid automated analysis is therefore of importance as a practical alternative to conventional isotope methodology. Although biomedical sample nature is diverse, experimenters often require analysis of substrates and products of particular biochemical pathways. Clearly, reaction products can contain considerably less isotope tracer than precursors. Analytical techniques thus need to accommodate samples of widely varying nature, size and isotope enrichment. In the clinical field, where stable isotopes are increasingly used to study protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism, analysis of the isotope ratio of a substrate infused into the plasma and a product of its metabolism is often required. Conventional analytical approaches demand access to two mass spectrometers: isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) for isotope analysis of the relatively large concentrations of low-enrichment metabolic product, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for analysis of the infused substrate often present at high enrichment but low concentration offers a practical alternative to the conventional approaches that is rapid and automatic. In addition to providing a considerably less complex and costly alternative to conventional instrumentation, a single CF-IRMS instrument can also analyse small quantities of low-enrichment metabolites with superior performance than either of the alternative approaches. CF-IRMS is illustrated using results from constant infusion studies in human protein and fat metabolism which require measurement of the isotope enrichment in submicromolar quantities of plasma substrates together with analysis of larger quantities of their oxidation products, urinary nitrogen and breath CO2. PMID- 3149536 TI - Liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products from platelets and endothelial cells. AB - Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry using either positive or negative ionization was used for measuring various lipoxygenase products of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The negative ionization appeared as the most sensitive mode and allowed to detect pmol amounts of products from biological extracts. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with the negative chemical ionization mode was also used for measuring prostacyclin synthetase products, namely the stable metabolites of PGI2, PGI3 and dihomo PGI2. In this way, fmol amounts of metabolites could be measured in biological extracts. PMID- 3149537 TI - Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric quantitative analysis of eicosanoids in human oesophageal mucosa. AB - In order to investigate the contribution of eicosanoids to human oesophageal functions and disorders (gastrooesophageal reflux, GOR and reflux oesophagitis, RO), we have used a selected ion monitoring gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric methodology to quantify the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products biosynthesized in vitro by endoscopic mucosal biopsy specimens. Prostaglandins (PGs) were quantified as MEMOTMS derivatives and HETEs, as hydrogenated methyl ester of tert-butyldimethylsilyl) ether derivatives. PGE2, PGF2 alpha appeared as the major prostanoids, whereas 12HETE seemed to be the major lipoxygenase product. In the case of GOR or RO, biosynthesis of PGE2 was dramatically increased, while no change could be detected for 12HETE. PGE2 increase seems to be related to inflammatory reaction, in which its exact role remains unclear. Moreover, it cannot be excluded that PGE2 is a side product which might be protective to the oesophageal mucosa. PMID- 3149538 TI - Mass spectrometric investigation of dissociative ionization of toxic gases by electrons at 20-1000 eV. AB - Measurements of the dissociative ionization cross-sections of CO, CO2, NO and N2O molecules for electrons from 20 up to 1000 eV were performed. Total collection of ions was achieved by using a specially constructed cycloidal mass spectrometer, an ion source without slit and a collector with large area. In that open ion source the effusion molecular beam formed by a capillary was crossed by the electron beam. Owing to such parameters of the mass spectrometer the mass discrimination effects were reduced. At the ionization of CO molecules, the ions CO+, C+, O+ and CO2+ were registered; at CO2, the ions CO2+, CO+, O+, C+ and CO2(2)+; at NO, the ions NO+, N+, O+ and NO2+; at N2O, the ions N2O+, NO+, N2+, O+, (N+,N2(2)+) and N2O2+. The relative values of the partial cross-sections were normalized to the absolute total ionization cross-sections obtained by Rapp and Englander-Golden. PMID- 3149539 TI - The long rise and fast fall of health care competition. PMID- 3149540 TI - Financing long-term care: options for the future. PMID- 3149541 TI - DRG prepayment: its purpose and performance. PMID- 3149542 TI - Next steps for prospective payment: DRGs and capital. PMID- 3149543 TI - The financing of health: conditions for effectiveness and equity. PMID- 3149544 TI - Application of high-resolution n.m.r. spectroscopy to the elucidation of the structure of the specific capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 7F. AB - The specific capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 7F (American type 51) is a high-molecular-weight neutral polymer composed of 2 acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose, D-glucose, D galactose, L-rhamnose, and 2-O-acetyl-L-rhamnose residues. N.m.r. spectroscopy (1H and 13C), in conjunction with composition and methylation analyses, and periodate oxidation data, showed the polysaccharide to be a branched polymer with a repeating heptasaccharide unit having the following structure. (formula; see text) PMID- 3149545 TI - Novel structure of the cellular mannan of the pathogenic yeast Candida krusei. AB - On the basis of methylation analysis, 13C- and 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopic data, and the results of immunological methods, a new structure for the cell-wall alpha-D mannan of the pathogenic yeast Candida krusei is proposed. In contrast to the alpha-D-mannans of other pathogenic yeasts of the Candida species, which have (1- --6)-linked main chains and many (1----2)- and/or (1----3)-linked side chains, the C. krusei mannan is lightly branched and contains (1----2) and (1----6) linkages in the ratio 3:1. PMID- 3149546 TI - Reaction of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose and lysine: isolation and characterization of 2,5-bis(tetrahydroxybutyl)pyrazine. AB - The reaction of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose with lysine in water under simulated physiological conditions gave several browning products, with characteristic optical (lambda max 340 nm) and fluorescent properties (emission at 430 nm for excitation at 362 nm). The major product was isolated and characterized by mass spectrometry and n.m.r. spectroscopy as 2,5-bis(tetrahydroxybutyl)pyrazine derived by the condensation of two molecules of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose. PMID- 3149547 TI - Effects of glyceryl trinitrate on functionally regressed newly developed collateral vessels in conscious dogs. AB - The effects of glyceryl trinitrate on collateral blood flow and regional myocardial function during a 2 min coronary occlusion were evaluated in 10 conscious dogs with well developed collateral vessels. Collateral growth was promoted by brief, repeated, reversible coronary occlusions. After partial regression in collateral function a small dose of glyceryl trinitrate (5 micrograms.kg-1) was injected intravenously 1 min before coronary occlusion. After pretreatment with glyceryl trinitrate the collateral blood flow velocity (mean[SD]) increased from 3.0(0.9) to 4.4(1.4) cm.s-1 (p less than 0.05). After 2 min of occlusion the percentage systolic subendocardial segment shortening in the collateral dependent zone increased from 7.8(6.1) to 12.6(6.7)% (p less than 0.05). The blood flow debt repayment after release of the occlusion decreased from 122(41) to 68(34%) (p less than 0.05). Thus in conscious dogs with regressed newly developed collaterals a major component of the beneficial effects of glyceryl trinitrate on collateral circulation is dilatation of collateral vessels, as evidenced by a pronounced increase in collateral blood flow and myocardial function during a transient period of coronary occlusion. PMID- 3149549 TI - Foodborne listeriosis--Switzerland. PMID- 3149550 TI - National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI). Statement on safety of immune globulin preparations. PMID- 3149548 TI - Adenosine injection into the brachial artery produces ischaemia like pain or discomfort in the forearm. AB - To determine whether pain or discomfort could be provoked by adenosine in skeletal muscle and, if so, whether it was dependent on the vasodilatation produced by adenosine, eight male volunteers were given intra-arterial bolus injections of adenosine and glyceryl trinitrate into the forearm. Local pain was assessed on a scale rate, forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography, and blood was sampled simultaneously from the deep vein of the same arm. Five different doses of adenosine, ranging between the maximum tolerable and the lowest producing pain or discomfort, were given intra arterially in random order and repeated in reverse order. Glyceryl trinitrate was given intra-arterially in increasing doses from 1 to 20 micrograms. Pain or discomfort began 12(1)(SEM) s after administration reached its maximum after 17(1) s, and disappeared after 40(2) s. Pain or discomfort appeared 8(1) s (p less than 0.001) after the first recorded increase in forearm blood flow, whereas maximum pain or discomfort preceded maximal forearm blood flow by 5(1) s (p less than 0.001). The flow remained increased after the disappearance of pain or discomfort. The effects of adenosine on pain or discomfort and vasodilatation were dose dependent. Glyceryl trinitrate provoked a similar increase in flow to that with adenosine without producing pain or discomfort. Arterial occlusion for 5 min at rest or forearm exercise with arterial occlusion increased forearm blood flow to the same extent as the maximum dose of adenosine. In addition, ischaemic work slightly increased the plasma concentration of adenosine. The pain or discomfort after ischaemic work was not considered different from the adenosine provoked pain or discomfort by four of the subjects. It is concluded that the symptoms did not appear to be dependent on vasodilatation and therefore adenosine may contribute to ischaemic pain or discomfort. PMID- 3149551 TI - [Post-transfusional non-A, non-B hepatitis]. PMID- 3149552 TI - [Study on circumoval precipitin test using dry egg antigen smear on PVC membrane in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica]. PMID- 3149553 TI - [Clinicopathological study on correlation between advanced schistosomiasis and hepatitis B]. PMID- 3149554 TI - [Pathological changes of heart in schistosomiasis rabbits]. PMID- 3149555 TI - [A preliminary study on applicability of latex agglutination test in schistosomiasis-eradicated area]. PMID- 3149556 TI - Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantitation of apolipoprotein A-I using a monoclonal antibody. AB - A semi-automated competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human plasma apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I has been developed which utilizes nondelipidated samples, microtiter plates, commercially available monoclonal antibodies and alkaline phosphatase conjugated second antibody. The working range of the assay is 5-100 ng of Apo A-I. The range of plasma concentrations for plasma Apo A-I was 1.21 +/- 0.34 g/l for a random sample of 40 healthy adults. Intra- and inter assay coefficients of variation (CV) were 4 and 7%, respectively. There was a good correlation between this assay and a radial immunodiffusion assay (r = 0.96). The assay is suitable for measurement of apolipoprotein A-I in either normal or pathological plasma, lipoprotein density classes, and for cell biological and molecular biological investigations. PMID- 3149557 TI - A 3,3',5-triiodothyronine autoantibody (IgG, lambda) in a case of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - A 19-year-old Japanese woman with Hashimoto's thyroiditis appeared to be hypothyroid by clinical and laboratory criteria. However, the serum levels of total T3 and free T3 as measured by solid-phase radioimmunoassay were not compatible with the clinical features and other laboratory data, therefore the presence of serum T3 autoantibodies was suspected. Gel filtration analysis (Sephacryl S-300) of acid-treated serum trace-labeled with 125I-T3 revealed binding to high and intermediate molecular fractions, indicating that the T3 binding autoantibody may have been IgM and IgG. The antibody, however, was identified as IgG class and lambda type by immunoprecipitation and immunoelectrophoresis/autoradiography. The T3 binding autoantibody did not show antigenic cross-reactivity with T4 as far as we know from experiments. The affinity and the binding capacity of the antibody for T3 were estimated 6.4 X 10(6) l/mol and 9.1 X 10(-9) mol/l, respectively. PMID- 3149558 TI - Nasopharyngeal neoplasms and their association with adult onset otitis media with effusion. AB - Patients with adult onset otitis media with effusion are generally subjected to an examination and biopsy of the nasopharynx under a general anaesthetic to exclude a neoplasm of the post-nasal space. The likelihood in Caucasian countries of a tumour being detected has not been clearly defined. The clinical features of the 55 patients with nasopharyngeal malignancy presenting to the Glasgow hospitals since 1970 have been analysed, and the incidence of malignancy in all adults presenting with middle ear effusions has been assessed in order to define the association of the 2 conditions. The study confirmed that while an effusion is commonly associated with a nasopharyngeal tumour (33%), in only 2% was it the sole clinical manifestation at the initial consultation. In addition, adults with effusions, but without other symptoms and signs suggestive of a tumour, are unlikely to harbour a tumour, the incidence in this review being 0.4%. Therefore, an examination and biopsy of the nasopharynx under general anaesthesia is likely to give a very low yield of additional information in cases of isolated middle ear effusions in adults, and the cost effectiveness of the procedure should be questioned. PMID- 3149559 TI - Caffeine- and potassium-induced contractures of mouse isolated soleus muscle: effects of verapamil, manganese, EGTA and calcium withdrawal. AB - 1. The effects of verapamil, manganese, EGTA and Ca2+-withdrawal on caffeine and potassium-induced contractures of the mouse isolated soleus muscle have been studied. All four treatments profoundly inhibited, in concentration-dependent manner, both K+- and caffeine-induced contractures, and recovery from these treatments was slight. 2. Caffeine (5.14-51.4 mmol/l), elicited biphasic contractures, characterized by an initial phasic, and subsequent tonic contractures. K+-induced contractures were monophasic except at the higher concentrations (53.4-214 mmol/l), when biphasic responses were also recorded. The biphasic K+ contracture had a time course similar to the caffeine-induced response. 3. Both phases of the caffeine and K+ responses were abolished by the introduction of CA2+-free Krebs'-Henseleit solution (KHS). Increasing [Ca2+]0 from 1 to 5 mmol/l, markedly inhibited the amplitude of caffeine and K+ contractures. 4. In high [K+]0 KHS, peak contractures to caffeine were reduced to about 50% of those in normal KHS. In the presence of 15.4 mmol/l caffeine, the responses to lower concentrations of K+ (13.4-26.8 mmol/l) increased, while responses evoked by the higher K+ concentrations were depressed compared with controls in normal KHS. 5. Pancuronium or D-tubocurarine severely inhibited caffeine-induced contractures, but only slightly inhibited K+-induced responses. 6. It is suggested that both caffeine- and K+-induced contractures of the mouse soleus are dependent upon the presence of [Ca2+]0, and that these contractures possibly occurred as a result of extracellular Ca2+-influx. PMID- 3149560 TI - Resistance of sympathetic cardiac nerve function in the pithed rat to prejunctional effects of angiotensin II. AB - 1. The spinal sympathetic outflow (C7-T2) of pithed male Wistar rats was electrically stimulated (30-50 V, 0.5 ms, 0.1-1.0 Hz) and heart rate and arterial blood pressure were recorded. D-Tubocurarine (1 mg/kg) and atropine (1 mg/kg) were administered intravenously (i.v.) to reduce voluntary and parasympathetic nerve activity. 2. Angiotensin II (0.39-3.4 micrograms/kg per min) was infused at a rate which caused a sustained rise in diastolic blood pressure of at least 25 mmHg but which did not alter basal heart rate. 3. Chronotropic responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation were not affected by infusion of angiotensin II, and were also unaltered by pretreatment of rats with indomethacin (5 mg/kg, i.v.) 10 min prior to commencement of stimulation. 4. These results suggest that positive chronotropic responses to cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation in pithed rats are not affected by increased angiotensin II levels. Indomethacin had no effect, which indicates that cyclo-oxygenase products were not involved in modulation of chronotropic responses to cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation. PMID- 3149561 TI - Effects of prostaglandin D2 and omeprazole on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. AB - 1. The mechanism of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers was investigated by measuring tissue prostaglandins (PG) levels. 2. The effects of PGD2 and omeprazole, an H+ pump inhibitor, were also estimated. 3. Four kinds of PG--6 keto PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, and PGD2--in rat gastric mucosa were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. 4. All PG levels decreased 1 h after oral administration of 2 mg/kg indomethacin, although they recovered considerably 24 h after administration. No gastric ulcers were observed throughout the experiments in rats treated with 2 mg/kg indomethacin. 5. All PG were not detected 1 h, and even 24 h after administration of 12 mg/kg indomethacin. Over 6 h after administration, gastric ulcers were observed. 6. Premedication with omeprazole prevented ulcer formation, although it did not improve gastric mucosal PG levels. Administration of PGD2 also reduced ulcer formation, and considerable amounts of PGD2 in gastric mucosa were detected. 7. It can be concluded that H+ is a determining factor in the genesis of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers and that persistent decreases in tissue PG levels also participate in ulcer formation. PMID- 3149562 TI - G-proteins in the signal-transduction pathways of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - The functional interaction of surface cAMP receptors with effector enzymes via G proteins was investigated in Dictyostelium discoideum. Several experimental conditions were used to investigate signal transduction, such as reduced temperatures, use of down-regulated cells and of mutants. The results are presented as a model describing the complex interaction between multiple forms of the surface cAMP receptor and different G-proteins that are responsible for the generation of the second messengers, cAMP, cGMP, InsP3 and Ca2+. PMID- 3149563 TI - Genes encoding novel GTP-binding proteins in Dictyostelium. AB - We have identified a two-member gene family in the Dictyostelium genome and have isolated corresponding cDNA or genomic DNA recombinant clones. Analyses of these DNA sequences predicted encoded proteins of approximately 200 amino acids with approximately 90% sequence identity to each other. These Dictyostelium proteins also share amino acid identity within the GTP-binding domains in the family of G regulatory proteins involved in cellular regulation and transmembrane signalling. Additional structural similarities are seen with members of the ras supergene family, such as ras, ral, and rho. They are similar in size (usually approximately 200 amino acids), possess four conserved domains involved in GTP interaction and are believed to be anchored in the membrane by fatty acid modification of a cysteine residue near the carboxy terminus. More extensive identity is observed with YPT1 and SEC4, two other members of this family of genes that are essential in yeast. The amino-terminal half of both Dictyostelium proteins is 70% identical in amino acid sequence to the YPT1 and SEC4 yeast proteins with less identity continuing through the remainder of the proteins. In addition these proteins terminate in two cysteine residues that are thought to be required for membrane anchorage. The two genes within this Dictyostelium family are organized differently in the genome and are differentially regulated during development. One gene is colinear in sequence with its mRNA in the protein coding region, whereas the other gene encodes a spliced mRNA. The intron-containing gene is associated with a developmentally regulated (AAC)-repeat sequence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3149564 TI - Cell-cell adhesion in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Three separate mechanisms of cell-cell adhesion have been shown to appear at different stages of development in Dictyostelium discoideum. During the first few hours of development, the cells synthesize and accumulate a glycoprotein of 24,000 daltons (gp24) that is positioned in the membrane. The time of appearance of gp24 correlates exactly with the time of appearance of cell-cell adhesion in two strains in which temporal control varies by several hours. Antibodies specific to gp24 are able to block cell-cell adhesion during the first few hours of development but not during later development. By 8 hr of development, another glycoprotein, gp80, that is not recognized by antibodies to gp24 accumulates on the surface of cells. This membrane protein mediates an independent adhesion mechanism during the aggregation stage that is resistant to 10 mM EDTA. Antibodies specific to gp80 can block EDTA-resistant adhesion during this stage. During subsequent development, gp80 is removed from the cell surface and replaced by another adhesion mechanism that is insensitive to antibodies to either gp24 or gp80. A lambda gt11 expression vector carrying a Dictyostelium cDNA insert was isolated that directs the synthesis of a fusion protein recognized by antibodies specific to gp24. This cDNA was used to probe a genomic library. A clone carrying a 1.4-kb insert of genomic DNA was recognized by the cDNA and shown to hybridize to a 0.7-kb mRNA that accumulates early in development. This unusually small RNA could code for the small protein, gp24. Southern analysis of restriction fragments generated by various enzymes on Dictyostelium DNA with both the cDNA and genomic clones indicated the presence of two tandem copies of the gene. This may account for the failure to recover mutations resulting in the lack of gp24. Mutations have been recovered that result in the lack of accumulation of gp80, and cells carrying these mutations have been shown to be missing the second adhesion mechanism. These mutant strains are able to complete development because the other adhesion mechanisms are not impaired. Sequential addition of adhesion mechanisms provides a means for the formation of multicellular organisms from previously solitary cells. PMID- 3149566 TI - Characterization of beta-lactam antagonist in Supplement C. AB - In the course of using Mueller-Hinton agar with 1% Supplement C (SC) (Difco, Detroit, MI) as a susceptibility test medium for Haemophilus influenzae, one lot of SC was encountered whose use was associated with markedly increased ampicillin MICs. Acidimetric and chromogenic cephalosporin filter paper disc tests of SC failed to detect beta-lactamase activity. Macrobroth dilution MIC tests to determine substrate specificity showed SC to antagonize benzylpenicillin and ampicillin but not cephalothin, cefazolin, or cefaclor, with the antagonism being prevented by the addition of clavulanic acid. High pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of reference and reaction solutions of benzylpenicillin with SC showed almost complete degradation of benzylpenicillin to benzylpenicilloic acid after 24 hr at 37 degrees C. For two other lots of SC that had passed MIC quality control testing, similar high pressure liquid chromatographic studies demonstrated slow conversion of small amounts of benzylpenicillin to benzylpenicilloic acid. These findings indicate that the beta lactam antagonism by SC was due to the presence of a contaminating beta-lactamase directed primarily toward the penicillins. PMID- 3149567 TI - A review of the economics of care for sick newborn infants. PMID- 3149568 TI - In vitro activity of fleroxacin (Ro23-6240), a new fluorinated 4-quinolone against isolates from cancer patients. AB - The in vitro activity of Fleroxacin (Ro23-6240; AM 833), a new fluorinated 4 quinolone, was compared to that of ciprofloxacin, enoxacin and A-56620, against 747 isolates from cancer patients. Fleroxacin inhibited more than 90% of Enterobacteriacea isolates at a concentration of less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml. It was also extremely active against Aeromonas hydrophila and Haemophilus influenzae isolates with MIC90 values of 0.12 and 0.06 micrograms/ml, respectively. The MIC90 for Acinetobacter spp. was 1.0 micrograms/ml, for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens 4.0 micrograms/ml, and for other Pseudomonas spp., 8.0 micrograms/ml. Staphylococcus aureus isolates including methicillin-resistant strains were inhibited by less than or equal to 1.0 microgram/ml. The MIC90 for three different species of coagulase-negative Staphylococci was 1.0 microgram/ml. Streptococcal species required 8-16 micrograms/ml for inhibition. Fleroxacin was also active against group JK diphtheroids and Bacillus cereus. The overall activity of fleroxacin was similar to that of enoxacin and less than that of A-56620 and ciprofloxacin. PMID- 3149569 TI - Bactericidal effect and regrowth of Streptococcus faecalis exposed to amoxicillin following beta-lactamase. AB - Streptococcus faecalis usually requires high concentrations of penicillin or ampicillin to achieve killing (i.e. a high MBC/MIC ratio). However, most strains show the Eagle or paradoxical effect. We subjected 12 strains of S. faecalis to 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 micrograms/ml of amoxicillin. Turbidometry studies have shown that 3 h after the inactivation of amoxicillin by penicillinase, there was a longer effect for 1 micrograms/ml following beta-lactamase (12 h 31 min +/- 2 h 09 min) than for 10 micrograms/ml (7 h 0 min +/- 1 h 12 min) or 100 micrograms/ml (5 h 22 min +/- 0 h 52 min). After 3 h, the reduction of CFU/ml (inoculum 10(6) CFU/ml) was -1.8 +/- 0.6 for 1 micrograms/ml, -0.56 +/- 0.56 for 10 micrograms/ml and -0.21 +/- 0.20 for 100 micrograms/ml. The more rapid killing at 3 h was not the only reason for the longer effect following beta-lactamase observed with 1 micrograms/ml. Indeed, the growth curve obtained with an inoculum of 10(3) CFU/ml was 2 h delayed from the control curve (10(6) CFU/ml). In conclusion, a paradoxical effect (killing curves and effect following beta-lactamase) was observed for all S. faecalis strains included in this series. PMID- 3149565 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of valproic acid--1988. AB - Sodium valproate (valproic acid) has been widely used in the last decade and is now considered a relatively safe and effective anticonvulsant agent. Recently, several investigators have proposed its use in the treatment of anxiety, alcoholism and mood disorders, although these indications require further clinical studies. Valproic acid is available in different oral formulations such as solutions, tablets, enteric-coated capsules and slow-release preparations. For most of these formulations bio-availability approaches 100%, while the absorption half-life varies from less than 30 minutes to 3 or 4 hours depending on the type of preparation used. Once absorbed, valproic acid is largely bound to plasma proteins and has a relatively small volume of distribution (0.1 to 0.4 L/kg). Its concentration in CSF is approximately one-tenth that in plasma and is directly correlated with the concentration found in tears. At therapeutic doses, valproic acid half-life varies from 10 to 20 hours in adults, while it is significantly shorter (6 to 9 hours) in children. Valproic acid undergoes extensive liver metabolism. Numerous metabolites have been positively identified and there is reasonable evidence that several of them contribute to its pharmacological and toxic actions. In fact, several valproic acid metabolites have anti-convulsant properties, while many of the side effects it may cause (e.g. those related to hyperammonaemia or liver damage) are most often observed in patients previously treated with phenobarbitone. This could indicate that induction of liver enzymes is responsible for the formation of toxic valproic acid metabolites. PMID- 3149570 TI - Effects of inner-membrane-associated beta-lactamase on penicillin-binding protein assays. Study of stably derepressed Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from experimental endocarditis. AB - We studied penicillin-binding protein (PBP) profiles of two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains stably derepressed for constitutive, type Id beta-lactamase overproduction. Substantial levels of beta-lactamase were found to be strongly associated with isolated inner membranes of these two strains, as well as from a plasmid-encoded, TEM-2 beta-lactamase-producing control strain of P. aeruginosa. The inner membrane-associated beta-lactamase resulted in significant decreases in the intensity on autoradiographs of PBPs labelled with 35S-penicillin, yielding spurious PBP profiles for these strains. Inner membrane beta-lactamases could be substantially removed by a sonication-ultracentrifugation step, producing the bona fide PBP profiles. PMID- 3149571 TI - UFT is more antineoplastic against gastric carcinoma than 5-fluorouracil, 1-(2 tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil and 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil. AB - The sensitivity of human gastric cancer tissue to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and its analogues 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT), UFT and 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5 fluorouracil (HCFU) was determined, using the in vivo subrenal capsule (SRC) assay. The relative variation of tumor size (delta TS/TS0) was calculated as follows: delta TS/TS0 = (TS6-TS0/TS0) x 100%, where TS6 was the tumor size on day 6 and TS0 on day 0. The chemosensitivity was considered to be positive when delta TS/TS0 in the treated group decreased to below -10%. For their cytotoxic effects, 5-FU analogues are converted to 5-FU and positive correlations were noted between the tumor sizes of 5-FU and its analogues (5-FU vs. FT, r = 0.737; 5-FU vs. UFT, r = 0.653; 5-FU vs. HCFU, r = 0.709), in gastric tissues from 22 patients. The means +/- SD of tumor size were -8.5 +/- 11.5% for 5-FU, -8.3 +/- 16.0% for FT, 18.1 +/- 15.8% for UFT and -13.7 +/- 13.4% for HCFU. Decrease in tumor size was marked in case of exposure to UFT, compared with that to 5-FU (p less than 0.001), FT (p less than 0.001) and HCFU (p less than 0.05). 18% were sensitive to UFT and resistant to 3 other drugs. Thus, UFT proved to be the most effective among 5-FU and its analogues for decreasing the size of gastric cancer tissues. PMID- 3149572 TI - Serogrouping, plasmid and drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Taiwan. AB - The Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Taiwan were grouped with antisera against O antigens and tested with 13 different antimicrobial agents. Group E (28%) lead in serogrouping, followed by Group G (19%), Group F (16%), Group B and Group H (12%, respectively), and there were no significant differences in distribution of serogroups among the isolates from different areas in Taiwan. Amikacin (75%) and piperacillin (74%) were the most effective antibiotics, followed by tobramycin (63%), carbenicillin (62%), ticarcillin (57%) and gentamicin (56%). Group F strains were relatively more susceptible to most of the antibiotics tested than strains of other serogroups. All strains tested were multiple drug resistance. Thirty percent (67/224) of P. aeruginosa carried plasmids. The average number of resistant markers per strain was 8.7 for plasmid-carrying strains as compared to 7.6 for plasmid-free strains. The plasmid-carrying strains showed higher drug resistance than plasmid-free strains. Twenty-seven percent (13/48) of plasmid carrying strains contained R plasmids which were detected by transformation (6/23) and conjugation (7/25). These R plasmids totally encoded at least seven different resistant markers. The R plasmid from P. aeruginosa 119 was not modified after transforming into Escherichia coli RR1. The R plasmids of P. aeruginosa transferred into E. coli RR1 or Serratia marcescens 73 caused some changes in the outer membrane of transformants or transconjugants. Some R plasmid carrying strains and their transformants or transconjugants exhibited the ability to produce acetyltransferase. PMID- 3149574 TI - Glyburide and possible Somogyi effect. PMID- 3149573 TI - Purification of murine liver-derived inhibitory protein. AB - Murine liver-derived inhibitory protein (LIP) capable of inhibiting human lymphocyte proliferation was separated from liver extract. The steps of purification included ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose and hydroxylapatite ion exchange chromatographies, and gel filtration. The purified LIP appeared to be highly homogeneous, as verified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). There was arginase activity in the LIP Preparation. PMID- 3149575 TI - Pharmacoeconomic impact of critically ill surgical patients. AB - Financial information on 131 patients and drug-related information on 176 patients admitted to a surgical intensive care unit (ICU) were prospectively collected. The average stay was nearly five days and patients received 8.6 drugs per day for a total average exposure of 12.2 different drugs. Antibiotics and analgesics were used in over 90 percent of patients. The patients' diagnoses fit into 53 different diagnosis-related groups (DRG). Hospital costs were significantly greater than DRG payment for an average revenue loss of $17,803 per patient. Patients with a primary diagnosis of sepsis had the largest revenue loss, averaging $54,738. One hundred patients were revenue losers. Total hospital stay was statistically longer than DRG-projected length of stay. Pharmacy charges averaged 13.6 percent of total hospital charges. Patients receiving systemic antifungals, triple antibiotics, catecholamines, and total parenteral nutrition had high hospital and pharmacy costs. This study suggests that ICU patients are costly to hospitals and that drug use is expensive. We suggest that increased pharmacy involvement in the care of ICU patients may help curtail escalating drug costs in these patients. PMID- 3149577 TI - Polypeptide patterns obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of thylakoid membranes isolated from light and dark grown strains of Chlorogloea fritschii. AB - Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been used to determine the difference between thylakoid polypeptide patterns of light and dark grown strains of the cyanobacterium Chlorogloea fritschii. There were only 2 prominent bands present in the dark grown strains, polypeptide Mr50,000 and polypeptide Mr90,000, also five fainter bands in the Mr range 45,000-66,200 corresponding to photosystem one, compared with the 32 bands present in the light grown strains. There was no obvious indication of the Mr 33,000 3-(3,4 chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-urea binding protein. In addition the progressive daily development of the various photosystem components in the light and their relationship in photosynthesis was determined. It was observed that the increase of the relative concentrations of the photosystem two and phycocyanin components indicated their developments are mutually synchronized. The effect of light to dark and dark to light transfer on established strains was investigated. Appreciable loss of photosystem two components and the presence of an additional band Mr22,500 of unknown function in the light to dark transfer, and little reactivation of the photosynthetic capabilities in the dark to light transfer was observed. PMID- 3149576 TI - An evaluation of two-dimensional electrophoresis for detection of human serum proteins in acute myocardial infarction. AB - High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis indicates that serum proteins previously only detected in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (Gomo et al., Electrophoresis 1983, 4, 298-302) are also present in the serum protein patterns of other patients (AMI negative or demonstrating acute phase response) and are faintly detected even in controls. Thus, these proteins are not specific to AMI and are probably acute phase reactants. However, they do demonstrate a characteristic time course response in sequential samples from AMI patients. PMID- 3149578 TI - Electroblotting of Immobiline DryPlates applied to identification of human plasma apolipoprotein A-I. AB - A method for efficient electroblotting of Immobiline DryPlates, allowing subsequent immunological identification of separated proteins has been developed. A thin layer of 1% agarose containing sodium dodecyl sulfate is moulded on the 0.5 mm thick polyacrylamide gel surface after completed electrophoresis. After separation of the agarose-polyacrylamide gel sandwich from the plastic film the rigid gel sandwich could be easily transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane and electroblotting could be performed without adherence of the sticky polyacrylamide gel layer to the membrane. Using this technique human plasma high density apolipoprotein A-I isoforms, over a wide concentration range, could be identified in a heterogeneous mixture, conserving the isoform pattern and band sharpness produced in the immobilized pH gradient experiments. PMID- 3149579 TI - Aspects of compliance: taking drugs and keeping clinic appointments. AB - Treatment of epilepsy depends on adherence to a drug regimen as prescribed and periodic assessment of progress. Typical problems of compliance to medication and adherence to follow-up in long-term epilepsy treatment in a clinical trial were analyzed. Zero drug levels, subtherapeutic levels, variable levels and delayed dose were measures of non-compliance to the drug regimen. Missed visits and non drug-related dropouts from the study marked non-adherence. Data from 622 patients participating in a multicenter evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin and primidone, showed generally good compliance. Only 5% of patients had zero drug levels or greater than or equal to 24 h since prior dose at 2 or more visits. Good adherence to the protocol was demonstrated by 93% attendance as scheduled. The support structure of the study and the availability of a study assistant helped many patients to prevent potential problems and convert patients into excellent adherers. PMID- 3149580 TI - Psychogenic seizures: a complication of compliance in epileptic patients. Two illustrative case reports. PMID- 3149581 TI - Variability of phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproate concentrations in a clinic population. AB - The Comprehensive Epilepsy Program of Minnesota database was searched for patients who had no dose change of carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (PHT) or valproate (VPA) for 3 consecutive visits. Data from 860 patients were available. The coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated from 3 or more visits without dose change. For CBZ, 290 CV values from 206 individuals were available; the mode CV was 23.3%. For PHT 293 CVs were collected from 192 individuals; the mode CV was 25.2%. For VPA 244 CVs was 181 persons; the mode CV was 27.1%. If one uses the standard of a CV of less than 20% representing compliance with PHT, and a CV of less than 25% for CBZ and VPA, it appears that even in a specialty clinic, compliance with medication is a significant problem. PMID- 3149582 TI - Phosphorylation of an 85-kd membrane protein by a novel mechanism. AB - Protein phosphorylation has been recognized as a major mechanism for the regulation of cellular functions. The classical phosphate donor in protein phosphorylation reactions is ATP. Here we show that 3'-phosphoadenosine-5' phosphosulphate (PAPS), a ubiquitous nucleotide so far known to have a central role in sulphate transfer, serves as phosphate donor for protein phosphorylation. In a very specific, rapid and probably autocatalytic reaction, the 3'-phosphate group of PAPS was found to be transferred to a serine residue of an 85-kd membrane protein (p85). ATP did not serve as phosphate donor in this reaction. Radioactive phosphate incorporated into p85 in a membrane fraction was rapidly lost by dephosphorylation after removal of PAPS or by exchange with unlabelled phosphate after addition of nonradioactive PAPS. PAPS-dependent phosphorylation of the 85-kd protein and other proteins was observed in all rat and bovine tissues examined, as well as in various mammalian cell lines. Our results indicate the existence of a novel widespread form of protein phosphorylation. PMID- 3149583 TI - Fos C-terminal mutations block down-regulation of c-fos transcription following serum stimulation. AB - Transient accumulation of c-fos RNA following serum stimulation requires both a conserved 5' regulatory element and sequences at the 3' end of the gene. Here we show that mutations at the C terminus of Fos protein, of the type found in a virally-transduced actively transforming Fos variant, prevent the rapid down regulation of c-fos transcription that occurs following serum-induced activation. Fos mutants that prevent down-regulation are dominant, acting in trans to prevent down-regulation of a co-transfected c-fos gene. Co-transfection experiments suggest that this effect is mediated by multiple sequence elements in the 5' flanking region. Analysis of different Fos mutants showed that replacement of Fos sequences C-terminal to amino acid 337 with heterologous polypeptide, rather than simple truncation of the protein, is required to produce mutants defective in down-regulation. The results are discussed with reference to transformation by Fos. PMID- 3149586 TI - Formation of the tooth enamel rod pattern and the cytoskeletal organization in secretory ameloblasts of the rat incisor. AB - The localization of actin, myosin, tropomyosin, alpha-actinin, vinculin, and desmoplakin I/II was visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy. Antibodies against myosin, tropomyosin, and alpha-actinin and rhodamine-phalloidin labeled strongly the proximal and distal terminal webs which ultrastructurally consist of dense microfilament bundles. In the distal terminal web, the staining by these reagents occurred mostly perpendicular to the long axis of the incisor. Antivinculin stained the general area where the distal terminal web is located in the ameloblast. Anti-desmoplakin I/II labeled the junctional area associated with the proximal and distal terminal webs. The anti-desmoplakin staining was stronger along the cell border perpendicular to the long axis of the incisor. Comparison of the rhodamine-phalloidin staining pattern of the distal terminal web and the enamel secretion pattern by ameloblasts revealed that a change in the distal terminal web staining pattern preceded a change in the secretion pattern. These observations suggest that the cytoskeletal organization in the ameloblast is involved in the formation of the enamel matrix pattern in the rat incisor. PMID- 3149585 TI - The arginine repressor is essential for plasmid-stabilizing site-specific recombination at the ColE1 cer locus. AB - The heritable stability in Escherichia coli of the multicopy plasmid ColE1 and its natural relatives requires that the plasmids be maintained in the monomeric state. Plasmid multimers, that arise through recA-dependent homologous recombination, are normally converted to monomers by a site-specific recombination system that acts at a specific plasmid site (cer in ColE1). No plasmid functions that act at this site have been identified. In contrast, two unlinked E.coli genes that encode functions required for cer-mediated site specific recombination have been identified. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of one such gene (xerA) and show it to be identical to the gene encoding the repressor of the arginine biosynthetic genes (argR). The argR protein binds to cer DNA both in vivo and in vitro in the presence of arginine. We believe this binding is required to generate a higher order protein-DNA complex within the recombinational synapse. The argR gene of Bacillus subtilis complements an E.coli argR deficiency for cer-mediated recombination despite the two proteins having only 27% amino acid identity. PMID- 3149587 TI - Autoradiographic study of the localization of 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl in liver and skin tissue after in vitro uptake. AB - Cellular distribution of the lipophilic environmental pollutant, 2,2', 4,4', 5,5' hexachlorobiphenyl (6-CB), was determined by autoradiography after in vitro uptake of the 14C-labeled compound into liver and skin tissue preparation. Light microscopic data of cryostat sections showed that 6-CB is homogeneously distributed in liver tissue. In skin the distribution pattern depended on the conditions of incubation. If skin slices were incubated with 6-CB prior to preparation of cryostat thin sections, the epidermis was practically free of 6-CB and the radioactivity was found mainly in the stratum reticulare of the dermis. If, however, cryostat sections of skin were directly incubated, 6-CB was more homogeneously distributed with an accumulation in the epidermis. Liver and skin sections delipidated with acetone or 95% ethanol prior to incubation with 6-CB took up very little of the compound. Delipidation of sections preincubated with 6 CB resulted in total extraction of 6-CB. The results suggest that human stratum corneum is a barrier to the penetration of 6-CB and that this compound is located in lipid structures of liver and skin. PMID- 3149584 TI - Novel Jun- and Fos-related proteins in Drosophila are functionally homologous to enhancer factor AP-1. AB - A homolog of mammalian enhancer binding factor AP-1 was detected in Drosophila and was purified from embryo nuclear extracts by sequence-specific DNA affinity chromatography. The purified fraction, dAP-1, displays the sequence specificity as well as transcriptional activation properties of mammalian AP-1 and consists of two major proteins of mol. wts 40 and 70 kd. Antibody cross-reactivity experiments suggest that these proteins are Drosophila homologs of proto-oncogene products, Jun and Fos. The Drosophila Jun- and Fos-related antigens, when separated, are individually capable of sequence-specific DNA binding, and the Jun related antigen activates transcription in vitro. PMID- 3149588 TI - Plasma and pituitary gonadotropins and prolactin after hysterectomy and treatment with uterine extracts in female rats. A kinetic study. AB - The kinetic of changes in plasma concentrations and pituitary contents of FSH, LH, prolactin after hysterectomy and treatment with steroid-free uterine extracts were studied in adult, non-pregnant female rats. The post-castration rise of plasma and pituitary FSH and plasma LH was inhibited but the plasma prolactin was elevated by hysterectomy. Steroid-free uterine extracts from previously castrated animals increased the plasma FSH, LH and prolactin concentrations in hysterectomized females 48 hours after administration. Uterine extracts from intact and oestradiol-substituted-castrated animals decreased the pituitary prolactin content 48 h after single i.p. injection. Pituitary FSH and LH contents were not affected by single dose of uterine extracts at any time which were examined. It is concluded that the uterus may play some role in the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins and prolactin. PMID- 3149590 TI - Waardenburg syndrome. PMID- 3149589 TI - The Baltimore pregnancy prevention program for urban teenagers. II. What did it cost? AB - An experimental pregnancy prevention program for junior and senior high school students consisted of classroom lectures, informal discussion groups and individual counseling in the schools and group education, individual counseling and reproductive health care in a nearby clinic. The structure of the program allowed for extensive individual counseling for students who desired it, and the reported costs are thus considered generous. School-based services utilized 40 percent of a total three-year budget of $409,250, and clinic services, 60 percent. The average cost per student served was $122, with the average per female student almost four times that per male and the average per senior high student more than twice that per junior high student. Students who utilized more expensive types of services, such as individual counseling and medical services in the clinic, also used other program offerings more frequently. Services to students who attended only class lectures cost an average of $13.20 to deliver, while students who utilized all services cost the program an average of $546 each. PMID- 3149591 TI - [Neurofibromatosis accompanied by congenital glaucoma (report of 2 cases)]. PMID- 3149592 TI - [Experimental study of penetrating heterograft of the cornea]. PMID- 3149593 TI - [Bacillus cereus panophthalmitis]. PMID- 3149594 TI - [Inhibition of rat lens aldose reductase by flavonoids-matteucinol and baicalein]. PMID- 3149595 TI - Induction and regulation of cytotoxic T cells by microbial antigens and recombinant interleukin 2. AB - The proliferation and development of cytotoxic T cells was investigated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures stimulated with an antigenic extract from Candida albicans (MPPS), or with the purified protein derivative from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD), or with human recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2). Microbial antigen- and rIL-2-induced cytotoxic T cells were able to lyse both natural killer (NK) sensitive and resistant targets. No correlation was observed between the development of T cell cytotoxicity and interferon (IFN) production in vitro. The addition of anti-class II monoclonal antibodies at the beginning of MPPS/PPD-stimulated cultures inhibited the cell proliferation, IFN production and T cell cytotoxicity, while all these cellular activities were not inhibited by anti-class II antibodies in rIL-2-stimulated cultures. Finally, antibodies to class I determinants inhibit T cell cytotoxicity, suggesting a role of such determinants in the development of the non-adaptive immunity to microbial infections. PMID- 3149597 TI - [Acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 3149596 TI - Cotranslational fatty acylation of mucus glycoprotein. Addition of palmitic acid to peptidyl-tRNA occurs prior to peptide chain completion and its release. AB - 1. The fatty acylation of mucus glycoprotein nascent peptides was investigated using [3H]palmitic acid and [35S]methionine-labeled peptidyl-tRNA of rat gastric mucous cells. 2. The mucus glycoprotein peptidyl-tRNA fraction was found to contain covalently bound palmitic acid in its complexes. 3. RNase digestion of the mucus glycoprotein peptidyl-tRNA released [3H]palmitic acid labeled peptides which, on SDS-polyacrylamide gel, separated into a multitude of bands ranging in size from 2000 to 60,000 Da. 4. The analyses of low molecular weight peptides revealed that palmitic acid was present in methionine-labeled peptides containing 30-43 amino acids and those of 18-25 amino acids or larger devoid of methionine, but was not identified in methionine-labeled peptides containing 10-15 amino acids. 5. The results indicate that the N-terminal fatty acylation of mucus glycoprotein nascent peptides is a cotranslational process which is occurring in an immediate vicinity of the signal peptide fragment. PMID- 3149598 TI - [Sulbenicillin]. PMID- 3149599 TI - The epistasis of Adh and Gpdh allozymes and variation in the ethanol tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster larvae. PMID- 3149600 TI - Can segregation distortion influence gametic disequilibrium? PMID- 3149601 TI - Changes in gene frequencies at the octanol dehydrogenase locus of Drosophila melanogaster imposed by environmental ethanol. AB - Experiments have been performed to study the effect of selection at the Odh locus in Drosophila melanogaster populations using different alcohol concentrations in the medium. The data can be best interpreted by assuming frequency-dependent selection. When genotype frequencies are considered as independent variables and values of Wrightian fitness as dependent variables, it turns out that different functions describe the selection of the coexisting genotypes. A linear equation is used for the SF genotype and a hyperbolic function for the FF genotype. No function of good fit could be found for the SS genotype. Simulation experiments using these functions fit our data well. PMID- 3149602 TI - Sequence-specific chemical modification of double-stranded DNA with alkylating oligodeoxyribonucleotide derivatives. AB - Chemical modification of double-stranded (ds) DNA with alkylating oligodeoxynucleotide (oligo) derivatives, 5'-p(N-2-chloroethyl-N-methylamino) benzylamides of oligos, has been investigated. In contrast to relaxed plasmid DNAs, the superhelical molecules interact with the oligo derivatives and specific alkylation of the DNAs occurs at the regions complementary to the oligo reagents. Alkylating derivatives of oligocytidylates and pT(pCpT)6 react with corresponding homopyrimidine-homopurine tracts within ds DNA fragments due to triple helix formation. PMID- 3149603 TI - Site-specific cleavage of single-stranded and double-stranded DNA sequences by oligodeoxyribonucleotides covalently linked to an intercalating agent and an EDTA Fe chelate. AB - An oligodeoxythymidylate, oligo [d(T8)], was covalently linked to an acridine derivative via its 3' end and to EDTA via its 5' end. The octathymidylate was targeted to a single-stranded DNA fragment 27 nucleotides in length containing an octadeoxyadenylate sequence. In the presence of Fe(II) and a reducing agent (dithiothreitol) cleavage reactions were induced in the nucleotide sequence. The extent of the reaction was dependent on oligo concentration, salt concentration and temperature. Dissociation of the complexes at high temperature or low salt concentration abolished the site-specific cleavage reactions. Treatment of the reacted DNA with piperidine or piperidine-formiate strongly enhanced the yield of cleavage reactions demonstrating that damages were induced on nucleic acid bases by the EDTA-Fe complex covalently linked to the octathymidylate. At high salt concentration (1 M NaCl) or in the presence of spermine and ethylene-glycol a triple helix was formed involving the 27-mer DNA fragment and two oligo[d(T8)]. One of the oligo[d(T8)] was bound parallel and the other antiparallel to the oligo[d(A8)] complementary sequence. Cleavage reactions were induced on both sides of this oligo[d(A8)] target sequence. When a 27-mer duplex was used as a target the oligo[d(T8)] was bound in a parallel orientation with respect to the oligo[d(A8)]-containing strand in the major groove of the double helix. Cleavage reactions were induced on the oligo[d(A8)]-containing strand by the EDTA-Fe chelate attached to the 5' end of the oligo[d(T8)]. PMID- 3149604 TI - Salmonella typhimurium metE operator-constitutive mutations. AB - We used a metE-lacZ fusion phage (lambda Elac) to select for mutants with operator-constitutive mutations in the Salmonella typhimurium metE control region. All of the mutations identified were found to lie within a region containing tandemly-repeating 8-bp palindromes with the consensus sequence 5' AGACGTCT-3', previously proposed to be the binding region for the metJ-encoded repressor. Lysogens carrying mutant lambda Elac phage exhibit high beta galactosidase levels that are only partially repressible by methionine. Although repression of metE expression by vitamin B12 is not disrupted in metJ+ lysogens, vitamin B12 repression is disrupted in lysogens lacking an active MetJ repressor. These results suggest that there is an interaction between the metJ-encoded repressor and the vitamin B12 repression system mediated by the metH gene product. PMID- 3149605 TI - Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase specified by cat-86: relationship between the gene and the protein. AB - Gene cat-86 is chloramphenicol (Cm)-inducible and specifies Cm acetyltransferase, CAT-86. The gene was previously cloned from the DNA of a strain of Bacillus pumilus. In the present study we report the construction of a constitutively expressed version of cat-86 that permits high-level expression of the gene on a plasmid in B. subtilis. A method is described that allows very rapid purification of CAT-86 protein to homogeneity. The sequence of 13 N-terminal amino acids of purified CAT-86, as well as the 26.6-kDa size of the subunit protein, agree with predictions made based on the nucleotide sequence of the gene. The Mr of the native enzyme suggests that CAT-86 is a trimer consisting of three identical protein subunits. Our studies demonstrate that cat-86 provides a convenient system for analyzing relationships between a gene and a multimeric enzyme in the B. subtilis background. PMID- 3149606 TI - Antibody-selectable filamentous fd phage vectors: affinity purification of target genes. AB - Foreign DNA fragments can be inserted into a minor coat protein gene of filamentous phage, creating a fusion protein that is incorporated into the virion; we call these particles "fusion phage". The foreign amino acids are displayed on the surface, allowing fusion phage bearing antigenic determinants from a target gene to be purified in infectious form by affinity to antibody directed against the gene product. Here we introduce fusion-phage vectors that accept foreign DNA inserts with little effect on phage function; and describe affinity purification of virions bearing a target determinant from a 10(8)-fold excess of phage not bearing the determinant, using minute amounts of antibody. These "antibody-selectable" vectors are a promising alternative to conventional expression systems for using antibodies to clone genes, though the ability to isolate rare clones from actual libraries remains to be demonstrated. PMID- 3149608 TI - A new expression system for mammalian cells based on putative replicator sequences of the mouse and a truncated thymidine kinase gene. AB - We have constructed a new expression vector for mammalian cells. The vector contains a truncated tk gene for amplification under selective conditions, a sequence putatively supporting the replication of plasmid DNA in eukaryotic cells (murine autonomously replicating sequence) and an expression cassette for the cDNA to be studied. As a model cDNA we have used that of human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). Analysis of Hirt supernatants and chromosomal DNA from L cells, prepared six weeks after isolation of the clones indicated a 50- to 500-fold amplification of the expression construct in the cells. Concomitantly, the expression of t-PA was dramatically increased. Our data are consistent with episomal persistence of the expression construct, with a head-to-tail mode of integration into the mouse genome and with coexistence of both episomal plasmids and head-to-tail integrates. In tk-deficient cell lines other then L-cells, such as mouse mastocytoma or rat hepatoma cells, a strong selection against the persistence of the expression construct was noted. After long-term propagation of the L-cells under selective conditions the expression of the indicator gene continually decreases, but finally a constant plateau level of expression is established. Expression could be restored to the original level by blocking more efficiently the de novo synthesis of nucleosides. PMID- 3149607 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the Bacillus anthracis edema factor gene (cya): a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the Bacillus anthracis edema factor (EF) gene (cya), which encodes a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase, has been determined. EF is part of the tripartite protein exotoxin of B. anthracis. An ATG start codon, immediately upstream from codons which specify the first 15 amino acids (aa) of EF, was preceded by an AAAGGAGGT sequence which is its probable ribosome-binding site. Starting at this ATG codon, there was a continuous 2400-bp open reading frame which encodes the 800-aa EF-precursor protein with a Mr of 92,464. The mature, secreted protein (767 aa; Mr 88,808) was preceded by a 33-aa signal peptide which has characteristics in common with leader peptides for other secreted proteins of the Bacillus species. A consensus amino acid sequence (Gly-X X-X-X-Gly-Lys-Ser,X = any aa), which was part of the presumed ATP binding site for EF, was also present. The codon usage of the EF gene reflected the high A + T (71%) base composition for its DNA. B. anthracis EF was not related to the Escherichia coli or yeast adenylate cyclases, but was related to the Bordetella pertussis calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase. PMID- 3149609 TI - A protease-hypersensitive deletion derivative of human tissue-type plasminogen activator. AB - We have constructed amplified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines constitutively synthesizing human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) or a derivative in which the domains homologous to epidermal growth factor and kringle 1 have been removed [delta(G + K1)]. The properties of the secreted proteins were investigated when synthesized in the presence or absence of the serine protease inhibitor aprotinin in the medium. t-PA in the culture supernatants was either single-chain or two-chain protein. The protease activity of both forms was stimulated by fibrin. The biochemical properties of delta(G + K1) were significantly different when harvested from cells grown under different culturing conditions. Protease activity of delta(G + K1) was stimulated ten- to 20-fold by fibrin when harvested from medium with aprotinin, but was stimulated only two- to three-fold when aprotinin was absent from the serum. Characterization of the secreted proteins revealed that the heavy-chain equivalent of delta(G + K1) is degraded when serine protease inhibitor is absent in the culture medium. These results indicate that the functional and biochemical properties of restructured versions of t-PA may depend on the presence of protease(s) in the culture supernatants. PMID- 3149610 TI - Human tissue-type plasminogen activator synthesized by using a baculovirus vector in insect cells compared with human plasminogen activator produced in mouse cells. AB - A cDNA fragment encoding the human tissue-type plasminogen activator was inserted into the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus downstream from the polyhedrin promoter. The induction kinetics of t-PA was followed, after infection of Spodoptera frugiperda cells, at both mRNA and protein levels. Fibrinolytically active plasminogen activator accumulated in the culture medium and reached 2.5 micrograms/ml after 120 h. The protein was compared with recombinant plasminogen activator produced in mouse cells and was found to be slightly smaller. This difference in size was found to be caused by N-linked oligosaccharides which are shorter in the recombinant activator obtained from insect cells. The molecules produced in such cells contain at least two different types of N-linked glycans, since only one out of three oligosaccharides is sensitive to endoglycosidase H. However, all glycan structures bind strongly to concanavalin A-Sepharose. PMID- 3149612 TI - Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the structural gene coding for Bacillus subtilis tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. AB - A 1.47-kb DNA fragment that carries the tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS) gene of Bacillus subtilis has been cloned into the pUC8 plasmid. The recombinant plasmid, pTSQ2, conferred temperature-resistance to the temperature-sensitive trpS ts mutant of B. subtilis through chromosomal transformation, and to that of Escherichia coli through complementation. The pTSQ2 could be stably maintained in E. coli DH5 alpha, causing in the host cell a 200-fold amplification of TrpRS activity. The complete nucleotide sequence of the cloned fragment has been determined. A putative transcriptional promoter, a Shine-Dalgarno sequence, the 990-bp trpS gene proper, as well as a transcriptional terminator have been identified. PMID- 3149611 TI - Cloning and sequencing of cDNA for the rat plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. AB - A cDNA encoding rat plasminogen activator-inhibitor (PAI-1) has been isolated from an HTC rat hepatoma cell cDNA library constructed in phage lambda gt10. The cDNA contains 118 bp of 5'-untranslated sequence, 1206 bp encoding a 402-amino acid (aa) protein and 1747 bp of 3'-untranslated sequence. The protein-coding sequence and the derived amino acid sequence share 82% and 81% identity, respectively, with human PAI-1 cDNA and protein. The rat cDNA encodes a preprotein with a 23-aa leader peptide and a predicted N-terminal serine for the mature protein. Three of four potential N-glycosylation acceptor sites as well as the active site of rat PAI-1 are identical to the human protein. The 3' untranslated region contains a number of unusual regions, including 80 bp of tandemly repeated GpA dinucleotides, a 115-bp stretch which shares greater than 90% sequence identity with a region within the 3'-untranslated cDNA of human PAI 1, and two 70-bp stretches of highly T-rich sequence located close to the 3' terminus of the cDNA. PMID- 3149613 TI - [Lysosomal enzyme activity in the nerve tissue of various species of animals after administration of a neurotoxic pesticide aphos]. PMID- 3149614 TI - [Comparative cytobiochemical study of the functional state of alveolar macrophages of rats exposed to an alumocobalt molybdenum catalyst]. PMID- 3149615 TI - [A medium for determining the mobility of non-fermenting gram-negative microorganisms]. PMID- 3149616 TI - [Immunochemical study of antigens in ventilation systems]. PMID- 3149617 TI - [A quantitative measurement of the cerebral infarct focus induced by arachidonate infusion and the relationship between measured values and stroke signs]. AB - A method for measuring the organic infarct focus induced by arachidonate infusion into rat brain was devised, and the statistical relationship between the measured values and stroke signs in the rat was studied. By the infusion of arachidonate, a high incidence of cerebral infarction was found in the live rats with uniformly necrotized foci. The size of these foci (infarction rate) were measured by transcripting them to a graduated brain sheet. The relationship between the independent parameter of the infarction rate and the dependent parameter of stroke signs was fully analyzed by multidimensional quantification. Many animals showed no stroke signs despite having lesions (false negative). By contract, no animal without any lesion showed stroke signs (false positive). When each parameter of these signs were quantified and normalized, the stumbling and abnormal posture signs showed a wide range of values, relatively accurately reflecting the infarction degree. Moreover, the highest partial correlation ratio between the various parameters was found to be that between the stumbling and abnormal posture stroke signs. Thus, it may be said that the stumbling and the abnormal posture stroke signs can be considered relatively good parameters for evaluating the degree of an infarction. These parameters should be useful for the testing of anti-infarction drugs. PMID- 3149618 TI - [Study of species differences on chemical sympathectomy: rats and guinea pigs]. AB - Chemical sympathectomy induced by guanethidine or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and reserpinization were investigated by their influences on the cardiovascular system in urethane-anesthetized rats and guinea pigs and on nerve endings in the atrium or aorta and adrenaline-containing granules in the adrenal medulla. In rats, guanethidine and 6-OHDA significantly lowered the basal blood pressure, but reserpine did not. In guinea pigs, none of them affected the basal blood pressure, and with the exception of the potentiation of adrenaline-induced pressor responses, the influences of all 3 drugs on adrenaline- and tyramine induced responses in blood pressure and heart rate were weaker than those in rats, but influences of treatments with guanethidine for 1 week were more striking than those for 5 weeks. There were significant differences between rats and guinea pigs in classified forms of nerve endings in the right atrium and of adrenaline-containing granules in the adrenal medulla or differences in the influences on the adrenal medulla by all 3 drugs. Only 6-OHDA induced injury in rat atrium. The above results suggest that there are species differences between rats and guinea pigs, not only in the chemical sympathectomized animals but also in the normal condition and that the pharmacodynamic effect of chemical sympathectomy is more prominent in rats than in guinea pigs. PMID- 3149619 TI - [Amount changes in several neuropeptides in hypothalamus paraventricular nuclei of epileptic rats model]. PMID- 3149620 TI - [Alteration of permeability of bacterial envelope barrier in rifamdin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 3149621 TI - [Analysis of extracellular polysaccharides synthesized by cariogenic bacteria in mixed cultures]. PMID- 3149622 TI - [Use of mannitol breath hydrogen test in diagnosis of small bowel transit time]. PMID- 3149623 TI - Evidence for oligolysine binding to the minor groove of poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT). PMID- 3149624 TI - Molecular and serological diversity of anti-DNA autoantibodies from NZB and (NZB X NZW) F1 mice. AB - We have carried out an analysis of the serological and molecular diversity of a panel of monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibodies and serum autoantibodies from NZB and (NZB X NZW) F1 mice, in an attempt to obtain insights into the mechanisms responsible for the development of systemic autoimmune disease. Our data show that the autoantibodies are quite diverse. A dominant, binding-site idiotope on one of our monoclonal autoantibodies is expressed at variable levels in anti-DNA binding antibodies in the sera of both NZB and (NZB X NZW) F1 mice, but on none of the other monoclonal autoantibodies in our panel. We have cloned and sequenced the heavy chain variable region (VH) gene of one anti-DNA hybridoma and by hybridization have determined the VH and V kappa gene segments expressed by 14 others. All of the autoantibodies express members of known V gene subfamilies. A total of four different VH and at least six V kappa subfamilies are expressed by the hybridomas. Thus, a broad spectrum of the total murine Ig repertoire is represented in the anti-DNA autoantibodies present in these strains. PMID- 3149625 TI - Pulmonary insufficiency after long bone fractures: significant correlation with the catabolic response. AB - Twelve young men between the ages of 17 and 25 years had their metabolism investigated over the first 5 days after sustaining multiple fractures involving at least one femoral shaft. Five patients developed respiratory distress and three of these required varying periods of ventilatory support. The lowering of arterial oxygen tension following injury was directly proportional to the excretion of urinary urea (a convenient index of protein catabolism). Pulmonary insufficiency was rectilinearly related to the degree of thrombocytopenia. The relationship between hypoxaemia and protein catabolism following long bone fractures has not been reported previously. It is important to appreciate that metabolic alterations are more severe in those patients with overt pulmonary insufficiency and that the metabolic response does not appear to be directly related to the severity of skeletal injury. PMID- 3149626 TI - Parenteral nutrition in injury. PMID- 3149628 TI - TRH test in cluster headache. PMID- 3149627 TI - The effect of total enteral tube feeding on the vitamin status of malnourished patients with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Eight malnourished patients (5 men and 3 women, mean age 26.5 +/- 0.4 years) suffering from Inflammatory Bowel Disease were prospectively included at admission to study the effect on protein-energy and vitamin status of a specially designed enterally tube fed formula diet. Eighty nine healthy individuals (36 men and 53 women, mean age 34 +/- 2 years) were used as controls. All but one patient were on steroids. The mean caloric supply was 58.2 +/- 2.4 kcal/kg/day with a mean nitrogen content of 0.37 +/- 0.02 gN/kg/day. The mean Total Enteral Nutrition period lasted 20.8 +/- 2.3 days (range 12 to 28 days). Fat- and water soluble vitamins were studied at admission and after the nutritional period. Likewise both the protein-energy nutritional status and the activity of the disease were evaluated. At admission, plasma levels of folate, biotin, beta carotene and vitamins A, C and E were significantly lower in patients than in controls. Tocopherol/cholesterol ratio, and vitamin B1, B2, B6, and B12 status were normal. At the end, plasma values of folate, biotin and vitamin C remained unchanged. However, the protein-energy nutritional status and the activity of the disease significantly improved. At admission, 4 out of 8 patients were at risk of developing hypovitaminosis for vitamins A, C, biotin, beta-carotene, and folate. At the end, a similar percentage remained at risk for these vitamins except for vitamin A. The content of some vitamins in the best designed formula diets does not meet the needs for patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. PMID- 3149629 TI - Episodic cluster headache: short and long term results of prophylactic treatment. PMID- 3149630 TI - A medium for the detection of Lancefield Group D cocci in skimmed milk powder by measurement of conductivity changes. AB - A selective medium for the detection of Lancefield Group D cocci in skimmed milk powder by conductivity measurements was developed and evaluated using the Bactometer M123 and Malthus 128H systems. This medium promoted large changes in conductance and capacitance. The calibration curve of detection times vs concentration of Lancefield Group D cocci showed a linear correlation coefficient of 0.93 and the method gave comparable results in both conductivity instruments. Naturally contaminated samples containing c. 10(3) cfu/g of Lancefield Group D cocci gave detection times within 16-18 h which was sufficiently rapid for the medium to be used for the routine screening of skimmed milk powder. PMID- 3149631 TI - Activity of cefpirome (HR810) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with characterised resistance mechanisms to beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - The activities of cefpirome, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone were compared against laboratory and clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Isolates with well characterised resistance mechanisms were included. Against carbenicillin-susceptible isolates cefpirome was more active than cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, but less active than ceftazidime. The activity of all four cephalosporins was impaired against isolates that had increased intrinsic (i.e. non-beta-lactamase-mediated) carbenicillin resistance. However, cefpirome and ceftazidime, unlike the other compounds, remained active at less than 16 mg/l against such strains, whereas cefotaxime and ceftriaxone largely failed to do so. Cefpirome maintained full activity against most isolates with plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases, as did the other cephalosporins. Transconjugant studies indicated that only LCR-1 and PSE-2 enzymes could protect P. aeruginosa against cefpirome. Isolates with partial or total chromosomal beta-lactamase derepression were highly resistant to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone (MIC greater than 128 mg/l) but only those with total derepression were resistant (MIC 16-32 mg/l) to cefpirome and ceftazidime, while those with partial derepression were sensitive to 4-8 mg/l of the latter antibiotics. Comparison of cefpirome MICs for totally derepressed P. aeruginosa and their enzyme-deficient mutants indicated that chromosomal beta-lactamase gave less protection against cefpirome than against other cephalosporins tested. Cefpirome was a weak inducer of class I beta lactamases. Overall, therefore, cefpirome behaved similarly to ceftazidime against the different P. aeruginosa resistance types. PMID- 3149632 TI - Comparison of bactericidal activity of selected beta-lactam antimicrobials against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The efficacy of ceftazidime, piperacillin, tobramycin and ticarcillin was tested in vitro against 102 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The MIC and MBC of each agent alone were determined. In addition, the rate of killing of 27 isolates by each beta-lactam agent was tested both singly and in combination with tobramycin. The concentrations of beta-lactams and of tobramycin were tailored to each organism; these were double the MBC in the case of the beta-lactams and half the MBC for tobramycin. Although 85.2% of isolates were susceptible to piperacillin and only 58.8% were susceptible to ticarcillin, the MBC90 was higher for piperacillin (greater than 256 mg/l) than ticarcillin (199.7 mg/l). The addition of tobramycin in sublethal concentrations increased the rapidity of killing of bacteria. PMID- 3149633 TI - In-vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium kansasii to amoxycillin and ticarcillin in combination with clavulanic acid. AB - The in-vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis, and M. kansasii to amoxycillin alone and in combination with 2 mg/l of clavulanic acid was evaluated by broth dilution. The MIC90 of amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid was 4 mg/l compared with greater than 32 mg/l for amoxycillin alone when tested against M. tuberculosis (n = 27). M. bovis (n = 8) was the most susceptible species with an MIC90 of amoxycillin 8 mg/l, compared with 0.5 mg/l for the combination. M. kansasii (n = 6), with an MIC90 of 16 mg/l for amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid was more resistant than either M. tuberculosis or M. bovis. Ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid with an MIC90 of 32 mg/l was less active against M. tuberculosis (n = 28) than amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid. The addition of clavulanic acid to amoxycillin greatly improves its in-vitro activity against M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. PMID- 3149634 TI - In-vitro activity of amoxycillin/clavulanic acid and five other oral antibiotics against clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis. AB - The in-vitro activity of amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, amoxycillin, erythromycin, doxycycline, chloramphenicol and cephalexin against 183 clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and 61 of Branhamella catarrhalis was determined. Amoxycillin/clavulanic acid showed the greatest activity against H. influenzae. All isolates of B. catarrhalis were susceptible to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, cephalexin and doxycycline. PMID- 3149635 TI - Activity of ciprofloxacin and colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from neutropenic patients: a possible approach to prophylaxis. PMID- 3149636 TI - Small-bowel stenosis secondary to sigmoid diverticular perforation. PMID- 3149637 TI - A new trisaccharide sugar chain linked to a serine residue in bovine blood coagulation factors VII and IX. AB - A new trisaccharide sugar chain was identified in bovine blood coagulation factors VII and IX. A pentapeptide isolated from factor VII contained Ser-52, which could not be identified with a gas-phase sequencer, suggesting an unknown substituent on the serine residue (Takeya, H. et al. (1988) J. Biol. Chem., in press). The same results were obtained for a pentapeptide containing Ser-53 of factor IX. Component sugar analysis revealed that the peptide contained 1 mol of glucose and 2 mol of xylose. This sugar component was also confirmed by high resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric analysis of the pentapeptide. The trisaccharide was released from the peptides by means of beta-elimination reaction and its reducing end was coupled with 2-aminopyridine. The fluorescent pyridylamino (PA-) derivative of the trisaccharide was purified by gel-filtration and reversed-phase HPLC. The sugar composition of the PA-trisaccharide was found to be 2 mol of xylose and 1 mol of PA-glucose. These results indicate the existence of a (Xyl2)Glc-Ser structure in factors VII and IX. PMID- 3149639 TI - Ionic strength-dependent proteolytic activation of protein kinase C by trypsin like protease. AB - Protein kinase C, reversibly bound to rat liver plasma membrane through Ca2+, was activated by endogenous trypsin-like protease in an ionic strength-dependent manner. In an attempt to understand the reaction mechanism, the EGTA-extracted protein kinase C and the trypsin-like protease (Tanaka, K. et al. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 2610-2615) were separately purified from plasma membrane. In the reaction system using these purified enzymes, increasing the ionic strength with NaCl (140-210 mM) effectively enhanced the proteolytic activation of the protein kinase C in the presence of Ca2+ and phospholipid. These results suggest that ionic strength is an important factor for the proteolytic activation of membrane bound rat liver protein kinase C. PMID- 3149638 TI - Restoration of Ca2+-activated tension of CDTA-treated single skeletal muscle fibers by troponin C. AB - Single fibers from glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle were treated with a solution containing CDTA, a strong chelator of metal ions. The CDTA-treated fibers lost all of the troponin C and showed no Ca2+-activated tension development. The addition of troponin C restored the Ca2+-activated tension of CDTA-treated fibers. The tension-pCa relationship in the case of the CDTA-treated fibers reconstituted with troponin C was almost the same as that in the case of the same fibers before the CDTA treatment. These results are consistent with those of the previous study on the Ca2+-activated ATPase of CDTA-treated rabbit skeletal myofibrils. PMID- 3149640 TI - Detection and partial characterization of a specific plasminogen activator inhibitor in human chondrocyte cultures. AB - Serum-free culture medium collected from primary monolayer cultures of human articular chondrocytes was found to inhibit human urokinase [EC 3.4.21.31] activity. Although chondrocyte culture medium contained a small amount of endothelial-type plasminogen activator inhibitor which could be demonstrated by reverse fibrin autography, most of the urokinase inhibitory activity of chondrocyte culture medium was shown to be due to a different molecule from endothelial-type inhibitor, since it did not react with a specific antibody to this type of inhibitor. The dominant urokinase inhibitor in chondrocyte culture medium was partially purified by concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The partially purified inhibitor inhibited high-Mr urokinase more effectively than low-Mr urokinase, but no obvious inhibition was detected against tissue-type plasminogen activator, plasmin, trypsin, and thrombin. The inhibitor had an apparent Mr of 43,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and it was unstable to sodium dodecyl sulfate, acid, and heat treatments. Inhibition of urokinase by the inhibitor was accompanied with the formation of a sodium dodecyl sulfate-stable high-Mr complex between them. Inhibition and complex formation required the active site of urokinase. The partially purified inhibitor was thought to be immunologically different from the known classes of plasminogen activator inhibitors, including endothelial-type inhibitor, macrophage/monocyte inhibitor, and protease nexin, since it did not react with specific antibodies to these inhibitors. PMID- 3149641 TI - Sensitive determination of diazepam and N-desmethyldiazepam in human material using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - A reliable and sensitive capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method was developed for the detection and determination of diazepam and its major metabolite, N-desmethyldiazepam, in human material. Medazepam served as the internal standard. Quantitative determination was achieved using mass fragmentography with selected ions of m/z 256 for diazepam and m/z 242 for N desmethyldiazepam and medazepam. The limit of detection was 1 ng/g and the recoveries were 98.54 +/- 3.95% for diazepam and 98.66 +/- 6.48% for N desmethyldiazepam. The calibration graph was linear over the concentration range from 1.0 ng/g to 1.0 microgram/g for diazepam and N-desmethyldiazepam. Using this method, trace amounts of diazepam and N-desmethyldiazepam were detected in the tissues of an autopsied individual. PMID- 3149643 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic procedure with fluorescence detection for the m-O-dealkylated lactam metabolite of flecainide acetate in human plasma. PMID- 3149642 TI - Rapid assay for indoxyl sulphate in uremic serum by internal-surface reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3149645 TI - Highly sensitive determination and characterization of intact cellular ester linked phospholipids using liquid chromatography-plasma spray mass spectrometry. AB - Liquid chromatographic class separations of common cellular phospholipids combined with plasma spray ionization of the effluents were investigated. Comparison with true thermospray ionization involving ammonium acetate buffering revealed a gain in total ionization in the plasma spray of a factor of approximately 10 using a cation-exchange column and a solvent mixture consisting of acetonitrile-methanol-water (400:100:15, v/v). Plasma spray ionization studies of bovine brain polyphosphoinositides interrelated by the phosphate content in the inositol moiety showed almost identical monoglyceride and diglyceride ion clusters, indicating possibilities of studying the biochemical turnover of such phospholipids. Plasma spray ionization liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of bacterial membrane phospholipids (Pseudomonas fluorescens) revealed possibilities of obtaining indications of individual fatty acid compositions from the spectra of the phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions present. Conventional gas chromatographic fatty acid analysis agreed with the direct mass spectrometric structure elucidations. Interestingly, the two phospholipid classes had different relative fatty acid compositions with a significantly higher degree of cyclic fatty acids in the phosphatidyl ethanolamines. Plasma spray ionization yielded linear dose-response curves for both the monoglyceride and diglyceride fragment signals in the selected-ion monitoring mode. The detection limit for the monoglyceride and diglyceride species of phosphatidylcholine under the chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions used was found to be in the picogram range. PMID- 3149644 TI - Simultaneous liquid chromatographic determination of norepinephrine, 3,4 dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in human plasma. PMID- 3149646 TI - Assay of methoxyacetic acid in body fluids and tissues by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry following tert.-butyldimethylsilylation. PMID- 3149647 TI - Improved solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection of urinary catecholamines and 5-S-L-cysteinyl-L-dopa. AB - We describe a rapid, precise, accurate liquid chromatographic procedure for determining urinary catecholamines and 5-S-L-cysteinyl-L-dopa. The catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine) and 5-S-L-cysteinyl-L-dopa are extracted from 1.0 ml of urine together with internal standards, by using a Bond Elut strong cation-exchange (SCX) and an affinity phenylboronic acid (PBA) extraction column in series. The eluate obtained from PBA column is then chromatographed on a reversed-phase C18 column with a mobile phase containing pentane- and heptanesulfonate as ion-pair reagents. The detection is achieved with an amperometric detector set at an oxidation potential of +0.55 V. The chromatography is complete is less than 8 min for catecholamines and less than 5 min for cysteinyldopa. The method can measure less than 2 micrograms/l for catecholamines and 5 micrograms/l for cysteinyldopa. Analytical recoveries of catecholamines and cysteinyldopa added to urine pool ranged from 90-107%. Between run coefficient of variation ranged from 4.7 to 8%. None of the drugs and catecholamines metabolites tested interfered with the assay. PMID- 3149648 TI - Liquid chromatographic procedures for the analysis of compounds in the serotonergic and octopamine pathways of lobster hemolymph. AB - High-performance liquid chromatography, with serial electrochemical and ultraviolet detectors, was used with a reduced activity catecholamine C18 column to separate and quantify compounds important in the serotonergic and octopamine pathways in lobster hemolymph. The chromatographic mobile phase was composed of potassium dihydrogenphosphate buffer, trichloroacetic acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate, the sodium salt of ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid and the organic solvents, acetonitrile and methanol. The compounds serotonin, 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid, tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, tryptamine, melatonin, octopamine and tyrosine were well resolved within 13 min. Good electrode maintenance, the use of a silica gel precolumn and careful sample preparation were necessary to give a stable baseline, high resolution of these compounds and reproducibility of retention times and peak heights. The electrochemical detector extended the range of detection to the picogram level. Because of the instability of the solutes and of the chromatographic baseline, sample preparation procedures were investigated. Deproteinization with ammonium sulfate gave the best recovery of the compounds of interest and the most stable baseline with the electrochemical detector. Peaks in the hemolymph were characterized by addition of standards, dual detection (electrochemical and ultraviolet) and the enzyme peak shift technique. With this methodology, important endogenous neurohormones in the hemolymph of lobsters can be quantitatively determined with respect to the molt cycle. PMID- 3149649 TI - Migration of tetrahydroisoquinoline, a possible parkinsonian neurotoxin, into monkey brain from blood as proved by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) was quantitated by use of gas chromatography mass spectrometry in brains and livers of marmosets which showed parkinsonism after daily subcutaneous injection of TIQ. TIQ showed greatly increased levels in the brains and livers of the TIQ-treated marmosets, with no detectable metabolites of TIQ. TIQ was present as an endogenous amine in the brains and livers of saline-treated marmosets at very low concentrations. It thus seems that TIQ can pass easily through the blood-brain barrier but cannot be metabolized in the brain or the liver. It is possible that TIQ accumulated in the brain may produce parkinsonism. PMID- 3149651 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of valproic acid in plasma using a micelle-mediated pre-column derivatization. AB - A method for the determination of valproic acid (2-propylpentanoic acid) in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatization is described. The derivatization of valproic acid with a fluorophore and UV label, 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin, is performed in plasma diluted with an aqueous micellar system. No extraction or solvent evaporation steps are required. The mechanism of the derivatization of the carboxylic acid is based on phase-transfer catalysis. The sample preparation, including the derivatization step, is rapid and very simple. The proposed HPLC-method was evaluated and compared with a standard immunological assay used for the determination of valproic acid in plasma. PMID- 3149652 TI - Elution behaviour of some proteins on fresh, acid- or base-treated Sephacryl S 200 HR. AB - The influence of sodium chloride concentration and the pH of the mobile phase on the distribution coefficient of proteins with different pI values was studied on Sephacryl S-200 HR. The non-size-related behaviour of this gel filtration packing is mainly attributed to small amounts of groups that are negatively charged within the pH range investigated (4.2-10.0). These anionic groups on the packing gave rise to ion-exchange or ion-exclusion interactions depending on the charge characteristics of the protein. Hydrophobic interactions at high ionic strength and intramolecular electrostatic repulsive interactions at low ionic strength were also observed for some proteins. The chemical stability of Sephacryl S-200 HR was studied by comparing the chromatographic results with Sephacryl S-200 HR that had been treated in acidic or basic solutions with those with fresh Sephacryl. After Sephacryl S-200 HR had been stored for 2 weeks in 0.10 M sodium hydroxide the chromatographic results at low ionic strengths clearly showed that groups that are positively charged at pH 4.2 had been formed. However, storage for 2 weeks in 0.01 M hydrochloric acid did not change the chromatographic behaviour of the proteins from that observed when injected on fresh Sephacryl S 200 HR. PMID- 3149653 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of carbaryl in fruit juices. PMID- 3149650 TI - Selective enrichment procedures for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples by gel permeation chromatography. AB - An improved two-step clean up procedure involving alumina-silica column chromatography and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of air particulate matter (NBS SRM 1648) and river sediment extracts and a GPC clean up procedure for marine biota samples are described for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with two to five rings and selected polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, respectively. Bio-Beads SX-12 and SX-3 were used as packing materials. The recoveries obtained varied from 52 to 78% depending on the compound. Quantitative data for NBS SRM 1648 were comparable with those described previously for this sample. PMID- 3149654 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the direct quantitation of oxy radicals in myocardium and blood by means of 1,3-dimethylthiourea and dimethyl sulfoxide. AB - A direct, sensitive (50-200 ng), simple and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for the quantitation of oxy radicals by means of the consumption of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by the hydroxy radical and dimethylthiourea (DMTU) by hydrogen peroxide. The specific scavengers catalase and L-methionine were used to quantitate hydrogen peroxide and OH, respectively. The DMSO and DMTU peaks were separated and identified by HPLC on a Waters C18 Resolve 10-microns Radial-Pak column with an isocratic mobile phase (5% aqueous methanol) at 2 ml/min with UV detection (DMSO, 214 nm; DMTU, 240 nm). The OH concentrations were extrapolated by a luminol chemiluminescence technique. A linear relationship was obtained for DMTU consumption by hydrogen peroxide in the range 0.25-0.40 mM with a coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 8.8 +/- 2.1% and for DMSO consumption by hydroxy radicals in the range 0.1-3.2 microM OH, with a C.V. of 9.6 +/- 3.6%. The limits of detection for this method were 50 ng of hydrogen peroxide for DMTU and 200 ng of OH for DMSO. Hydrogen peroxide averaged 10.5 +/- 3.6 nmol/ml in blood and 56.4 +/- 5.3 mumol/g wet weight in left ventricular (LV) tissue. The hydroxy radical concentration was 0.1 microM in blood and 0.3 microM in LV tissue. PMID- 3149655 TI - Does chlorpromazine produce cardiac arrhythmia via the central nervous system? AB - The influence of the central nervous system in the production of phenothiazine induced arrhythmia and death was examined in this study. In a series of cats, spinal cords were transected at the atlanto-occipital junction prior to the 1 mg/kg/min, i.v. infusion of chlorpromazine or thioridazine. No protection against drug-induced arrhythmia or death was afforded by this procedure. In other cats, 6OH-dopamine was administered prior to intravenous injection of atropine and infusion of chlorpromazine, 1 mg/kg/min. In these in situ denervated heart preparations, there was no protection against chlorpromazine-induced arrhythmia or death. In alpha-chloralose anesthetized cats, 0.5 mg chlorpromazine administered intracerebroventricularly did not induce arrhythmia or death, although blood pressure decreased initially. Thus, chlorpromazine or thioridazine do not appear to produce arrhythmia or death via a central locus and may instead be acting directly on myocardial conduction to produce arrhythmia and death. PMID- 3149656 TI - [Effect of amino acids on the growth of the lactic acid streptococci Streptococcus lactis and the process of their protoplast formation]. PMID- 3149658 TI - A rapid fluorimetric test for lysozyme with purified fluorescamine-labelled peptidoglycan. AB - A sensitive and rapid fluorometric lysozyme assay is described. It is based on the hydrolysis of fluorescamine-labelled peptidoglycan from Micrococcus luteus cell walls. Lysozyme levels as low as 0.1 microgram can be detected. PMID- 3149657 TI - [Effects of combined exposure to gamma radiation and sulfur dioxide or N-methyl N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on bacteria and higher plants]. PMID- 3149659 TI - An M(III)-facilitated flocculation technique for enzyme recovery and concentration. AB - An inexpensive and rapid flocculation/dissolution technique based upon Al(III) or Fe(III) was shown to be effective in recovering and concentrating up to 84% of the active enzyme from two dilute enzyme systems. The enzymes, a protease (Caldolysin) and a beta-glucosidase, were precipitated at constant pH and ambient temperature by addition of Fe(III) or Al(III) solutions. Resulting colloidal hydrous oxide particles bound the enzymes enabling subsequent separation from the media by low speed centrifugation. The enzymes were recovered from the protein/M(III) precipitate by complexing the M(III) with citrate. A concentration factor of 94 was obtained for the beta-glucosidase system when the initial concentration was less than 1 mg.ml-1. PMID- 3149660 TI - Effect of exposure to the altitude of 300 meters below sea-level on testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and prolactin in man. AB - Serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (PRL) responses to exposure to sea-level altitude (LA) were examined in 13 eugonadal males, age 21-22 yr, 3 and 5 days after residing at LA and on the second day of return to basal altitude 90 days later. After 3 days at their respective residence altitude, there was elevation in LH (p less than 0.05) and depression in testosterone levels (p less than 0.05), with similar results on day 5. These effects were all of transient nature, LH and testosterone concentrations returned to their basal levels on second day of the return to basal altitude. The FSH and PRL levels did not show any significant change during the stay at LA or after return to basal altitude. The observations suggest that exposure to LA is associated with increase in plasma levels of LH and decrease in testosterone. The decreased levels of testosterone could be due to a reduction in the sensitivity of the testis to LH, or due to inhibition of steroidogenesis in the testis. PMID- 3149662 TI - Developmental aspects of immunoglobulin gene expression using tumor cells as models. PMID- 3149661 TI - [Generalized resistance to thyroid hormone (Refetoff syndrome) associated with abnormal secretion of growth hormone and prolactin: a case report]. PMID- 3149663 TI - In vivo modulation of murine collagen induced arthritis. AB - The effects of in vivo modulation of murine collagen induced arthritis with monoclonal anti-CD4 antibodies, monoclonal anti-Ia antibodies, and gamma interferon are reviewed. We detail the mechanism of action of monoclonal anti-CD4 antibody on humoral and cell mediated immune responses and discuss the implications for designing therapeutic strategies. To further explore the induction of collagen induced arthritis, a syngeneic cell transfer system using collagen primed T lymphocytes is described. This cell transfer system provides an opportunity to study the role of CD4 positive T lymphocytes in arthritis induction during a short, defined time period. PMID- 3149664 TI - Protein heterogeneity of lipoprotein particles containing apolipoprotein A-I without apolipoprotein A-II and apolipoprotein A-I with apolipoprotein A-II isolated from human plasma. AB - The protein heterogeneity of fractions isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography on anti-apolipoprotein A-I and anti-apolipoprotein A-II affinity columns was analyzed by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The two dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles of the fractions were analyzed and automatically compared by the computer system MELANIE. Fractions containing apolipoproteins A-I + A-II and only A-I as the major protein components have been isolated from plasma and from high density lipoproteins prepared by ultracentrifugation. Similarities between the profiles of the fractions, as indicated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, suggested that those derived from plasma were equivalent to those from high density lipoproteins (HDL), which are particulate in nature. The established apolipoproteins (A-I, A-II, A-IV, C, D, and E) were visible and enriched in fractions from both plasma and HDL. However, plasma-derived fractions showed a much greater degree of protein heterogeneity due largely to enrichment in bands corresponding to six additional proteins. They were present in trace amounts in fractions isolated from HDL and certain of the proteins were visible in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles of the plasma. These proteins are considered to be specifically associated with the immunoaffinity-isolated particles. They have been characterized in terms of Mr and pI. Computer-assisted measurements of protein spot-staining intensities suggest an asymmetric distribution of the proteins (as well as the established apolipoproteins), with four showing greater prominence in particles containing apolipoprotein A-I but no apolipoprotein A-II. PMID- 3149665 TI - Kinetic characterization of dopamine as a suicide substrate of tyrosinase. AB - A kinetic study of the inactivation of frog epidermis tyrosinase by a suicide substrate dopamine hydrochloride is described. The kinetic parameters and constants which characterize this reaction have been determined and the effects of pH and the stoichiometric inhibition by chloride have been considered. PMID- 3149666 TI - Triplet state properties and triplet-state-oxygen interactions of some linear and angular furocoumarins. AB - Linear and angular furocoumarins with conjugated external carbonyl substituents show higher triplet and singlet oxygen yields than the corresponding unsubstituted molecules. The efficiency of the oxygen quenching process to yield singlet oxygen is also higher for these substituted molecules. These changes are interpreted in terms of the "proximity effect" associated with two nearly degenerate n pi* and pi pi* excited states, and variations in the excess energy following furocoumarin triplet quenching by ground state triplet oxygen to yield singlet oxygen. PMID- 3149667 TI - Photoreactivation of the thymine dimer containing DNA octamer d(GCGTTGCG).d(CGCAACGC) by the photoreactivating enzyme from Anacystis nidulans. AB - Irradiation of the double-stranded octamer d(GCGTTGCG).d(CGCAACGC) with UV light causes dimerization of the two central thymine residues. Proton NMR data reveal that this photodimer has the same chemical structure as the photodimer, which is formed upon UV irradiation of the single strand d(GCGTTGCG), a cis-syn cyclobutane-type thymine dimer. Irradiation of the purified thymine dimer double stranded octamer d(GCGTTGCG).d(CGCAACGC) with visible light in the presence of photoreactivating enzyme isolated from Anacystis nidulans leads to an increase in absorbance at 260 nm, which is characteristic for the repair of thymine dimers. The NMR spectrum recorded after the photoreactivating treatment indeed shows that a complete conversion to the starting octamer has occurred. PMID- 3149668 TI - Laser-induced multiphoton fluorescence of hemoglobin. AB - Hemoglobin (Hb) and other samples were irradiated by the 1064 nm nanosecond pulses of an Nd:YAG laser. At room temperature, we observed two red fluorescence bands, which resulted from the absorption of two 1064 nm photons in Hb, and measured the fluorescence emission spectra in the red spectral region for Hb and hematoporphyrin derivative. A red shift of the wavelength and a mirror image in the intensity of fluorescence emissions by two-photon excitation were observed. It is shown that the fluorescence of Hb originates from the heme group. In addition, we also observed fluorescence emission at 392 nm for Hb, which may be from its tryptophan groups. PMID- 3149669 TI - On the problems involved in detecting luminescence from singlet oxygen in biological specimens. PMID- 3149670 TI - Phototoxic effects of bilirubin. PMID- 3149671 TI - Preparation and in vitro evaluation of polylactic acid-mitomycin C microcapsules. AB - An emulsion method was developed for the incorporation of water-soluble mitomycin C into polylactic acid biodegradable microcapsules. With an average particle size of about 95 microns, microcapsules with a desired loading of from 3.65 to 13.80 per cent were prepared. These microcapsules, which contained both crystalline and finely dispersed drug particles, showed a dose-dependent drug release pattern with microcapsules of higher drug loading having a faster release rate than those of lower drug loading. Effective sterilization of the microcapsules for parenteral use was achieved by 60Co gamma-ray irradiation, which did not affect the microcapsule structure, release rate or drug stability. Mitomycin C showed dose-dependent antiproliferative activity against the growth of the K562 human erythroleukaemia cells. The microencapsulated dosage form of mitomycin C was found to enhance the drug's activity through sustained drug release. In experiments where drug concentrations in the cell medium were reduced according to the drug's biological half-life, the microcapsule systems showed a distinct advantage over the non-capsulated dose for the kinetic inhibition of K562 cell growth. PMID- 3149673 TI - Electrochemistry of the anticancer agents methotrexate and alpha difluoromethylornithine in iminium form. AB - The electrochemical characteristics of the antitumor agents methotrexate and alpha-difluoromethylornithine were determined as their iminium derivatives. Iminium formation from methotrexate is accomplished in vivo via protonation by enzyme. The requisite imine precursor is generated from alpha difluoromethylornithine by condensation with enzyme containing pyridoxal phosphate. Electroreduction occurs in the range of -0.2 to -0.6 V. The relationship of reduction to structure is discussed. A possible mode of anticancer action involving electron transfer is presented. PMID- 3149672 TI - Complication of prolonged transpyloric feeding: formation of an enterocutaneous fistula. AB - Enteral feeding tubes have been associated with perforations of the gastrointestinal tract, usually requiring surgical repair. A neonate with centronuclear myopathy developed an enterocutaneous fistula from the duodenum following prolonged placement of a transpyloric catheter. He did not require surgery and died later of unrelated complications. PMID- 3149675 TI - Hair root morphology as an index of protein energy malnutrition. PMID- 3149676 TI - Endoscopic diverticulotomy versus internal diverticulectomy in the treatment of pharyngeal pouch. PMID- 3149674 TI - Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of sodium salts on adenylate cyclase of rat liver. Implications for salt modulation of guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component function. AB - We have examined the effects of sodium (Na+) salts on rat liver adenylate cyclase. Increasing concentrations of Na+ salts produced biphasic stimulation and inhibition of adenylate cyclase and potentiated enzyme activation by GTP and its hydrolysis resistant analog 5'-guanylyl imidodiphosphate. Salt effects were temperature dependent, of rapid onset, and specific for the Na+ cation though also partly dependent on the accompanying anion. Sodium salt stimulation of adenylate cyclase and enhancement of GTP activation were attenuated by agents (pertussis toxin and N-ethylmaleimide) which inactivate the inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component (Gi) of adenylate cyclase. Cholera toxin, which activates the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component (Gs) of adenylate cyclase and thereby increases enzyme activity, augmented the inhibitory phase of Na+ salt action. These results suggest that the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of Na+ salts may be due, respectively, to inhibition of Gi and Gs modulation of adenylate cyclase. PMID- 3149677 TI - The Spectralab-M quadrupole medical mass spectrometer. AB - A practical universal gas concentration measuring instrument would have great advantages as the basis of many physiological measurements. The mass spectrometer offers such an instrument but difficulty in calibration has made it inaccessible to all but the most technically minded department. This paper reports measurements on the Spectralab-M, a medical mass spectrometer that offers easy use and calibration by using microprocessor control. The performance of the machine configured for respiratory measurements gave an accuracy better than 0.03 +/- 0.1% vol/vol. Configured for anaesthetic gas measurements the instrument gave an accuracy better than 0.07 +/- 0.36% vol/vol for all gases. In both cases no systematic alinearities were observed. The speed of response of the machine was measured with a standard heated stainless-steel capillary inlet of 1.5 m. Response times (10-90%) of less than 100 ms were obtained on all gases measured with typical lag times of 500 ms at a flow rate of 15 ml min-1. PMID- 3149678 TI - Port-wine stain associated with maternal use of lithium carbonate. AB - A newborn infant with an extensive port-wine stain born to a mother who was taking lithium carbonate in the first trimester of pregnancy is described. The use of lithium carbonate in pregnant or potentially pregnant women is cautioned. PMID- 3149680 TI - Disposition and metabolism studies of xenobiotics in the environment: fundamentals for safety assessment. PMID- 3149679 TI - Effects of various inducers on the activities of cytochrome P-450-mixed function oxidases and aflatoxin B1 activation in microsomes of hamster livers. AB - The effects of various inducers on the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes including aflatoxin B1 activation were studied in Syrian golden hamsters. Activity for aflatoxin B1 was determined by aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts formation. The treatments of hamsters with 3-methylcholanthrene, alpha-naphthoflavone and benzo(a)pyrene elevated markedly the activity for aflatoxin B1 by 2460, 1380 and 450%, respectively. Phenobarbital induced slightly and isosafrole and ethanol did not induce the activity for aflatoxin B1. Pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile decreased aflatoxin B1 activation to 51% of that of the non-treated animals. These results were in good accordance with the induction rate of a form of cytochrome P-450 (P-450AFB) which has potent activity to aflatoxin B1. Characteristics in the induction of mixed function oxidases of hamsters by these inducers, especially in respect to benzo(a) pyrene metabolizing enzyme, seemed to differ from those of rats. These results suggest that the activity for aflatoxin B1 in hamster is inducible by 3-methylcholanthrene-type inducers and that hamster is a suitable animals model to study the mechanism of aflatoxin B1 hepatocarcinogenesis. PMID- 3149681 TI - Acceptable dose of food additives. PMID- 3149682 TI - The future streptococcal M. vaccine against rheumatic fever. PMID- 3149683 TI - Histopathological study of endoscopic biopsies of stomach. PMID- 3149684 TI - Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)--the local experience. PMID- 3149685 TI - Depressant effect of propranolol on the isolated diaphragmatic tissue of rat. PMID- 3149686 TI - Serum ferritin as the most sensitive measure of iron stores in pregnant women. PMID- 3149688 TI - Penile necrosis caused by condom catheter. PMID- 3149687 TI - The organization of laboratory services for a "Tuberculosis Control Programme". PMID- 3149689 TI - Black water fever in Multan. PMID- 3149690 TI - Streptococcus pyogenes meningitis after myelography. PMID- 3149691 TI - Cost effective approach for serological diagnosis of hepatitis. PMID- 3149693 TI - Transovarial transmission of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in Leptotrombidium pallidum successively reared in the laboratory. AB - Engorged larvae of Leptotrombidium pallidum were collected from a wild rodent, Apodemus speciosus, and reared in a plastic container fed with fresh eggs of colembolla, Sinella curviseta, under moist conditions at 25 degrees C. Fully developed adults were separated into individual containers and a proven male was paired with a suspected female. Of the pairings, 38 produced larvae and 4 infected colonies were established. Females in these colonies were shown to be infected with Karp type of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (Rt) by the method of isolating Rt from individual mites using mouse passage. Males were negative for Rt. Vertical transmission of Rt was monitored in each infected colony. The female of parent generation (P) produced F1 and F2 generations. At F1 generation, 11 males and 12 females maintained until production of eggs and all adults were positive for Rt by detection from individual mites. By sibmating of F1 adults, 11 males and 14 females developed at F2 generation and all males and females were proven to be positive for Rt. From 4 pairs of infected males and infected females at F1 generation, 2, 5, 21 and 35 larvae were collected as samples, respectively, and all larvae were positive for Rt by individual detection. Spermatophores from infected males at F2 generation were examined for Rt and none of 29 spermatophores were positive for Rt. From these results, the transmission rate of Rt from P to F1 and from F1 to F2 was 100% through eggs from infected females but not through spermatophores from infected males. PMID- 3149692 TI - ABO and A subgroups in Karachi population. PMID- 3149694 TI - [Clinical significance of measurement of serum adenosine deaminase activity in patients with various liver diseases]. PMID- 3149695 TI - [A case of congenital biliary tract dilatation--with special reference to conservative management during pregnancy and delivery]. PMID- 3149696 TI - [Study on the family clustering of non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 3149697 TI - Theoretical and experimental aspects of the host-parasite-drug relationship in tuberculosis chemotherapy. PMID- 3149699 TI - A protocol for the successful long-term enzyme replacement therapy of scurvy in guinea pigs. AB - Gulonolactone oxidase, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid, is missing from guinea pigs and certain other scurvy-prone species. Weekly intraperitoneal injections of glutaraldehyde cross-linked immunoprecipitates of this enzyme have been shown to provide guinea pigs with the capability of synthesizing their own ascorbic acid and of surviving without an exogenous source of this vitamin. This protocol, however, was successful in only a small percentage of the animals tested. The reasons for the limited therapeutic success were investigated. Apparently, the gulonolactone oxidase-treated guinea pigs fed without ascorbic acid were receiving insufficient nutrition. By supplementing these enzyme-treated animals with vitamins A, B, D and E and selenium, we successfully maintained a high proportion of guinea pigs fed without vitamin C. PMID- 3149698 TI - alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency, a new lysosomal storage disorder. AB - A new lysosomal storage disease with autosomal recessive inheritance is described in two male siblings of 5 1/2 and 4 years of age. Clinical manifestations started after 9 months of age with neurological symptoms, followed by progressive psychomotor deterioration. Urinary oligosaccharide excretion was abnormal and showed a characteristic pattern on chromatography. Enzyme assays showed a profound deficiency of lysosomal alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase in cultured fibroblasts, leukocytes and plasma from the patients and reduced activity in material from the parents. The deficiency was demonstrated both with an artificial substrate and a natural one, the blood group A trisaccharide. Excessive intra-lysosomal storage of alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine-containing material was demonstrated in cultured fibroblasts from the patients, using the lectin from Helix pomatia which is specific for terminal alpha-N acetylgalactosamine residues. PMID- 3149700 TI - Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials in phenylketonuria. AB - The pathogenesis of brain dysfunction in phenylketonuria (PKU) is still under investigation. Hyperphenylalaninaemia results in increased turnover of myelin. In order to demonstrate the derangement of myelinization in PKU we studied the visual evoked potentials (VEP) in 14 PKU patients and in 20 normal subjects. VEP findings were correlated with the metabolic control of the disease and with the electroencephalographic findings. VEP were more sensitive than the EEG in detecting a neurological dysfunction. VEP are influenced by dietary control and are normal only in children with good metabolic control. PMID- 3149701 TI - Wolman's disease: clinical and biochemical findings of a new case. PMID- 3149702 TI - A new case of isolated sulphite oxidase deficiency with rapid fatal outcome. PMID- 3149703 TI - Changes in phenylalanine tolerance while monitoring the dietetic treatment of pregnant women suffering from hyperphenylalaninaemia. PMID- 3149704 TI - Biochemical and nutritional status of children with hyperphenylalaninaemia. PMID- 3149705 TI - A simple concept for the screening of amino- and organic acidurias. PMID- 3149706 TI - Serum antibody responses to mycobacteria in leprosy patients and their contacts. PMID- 3149707 TI - Listeria monocytogenes reactive T lymphocytes in healthy individuals. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy individuals were enriched for T lymphocytes and stimulated with killed organisms of Listeria sp. Different strains of Listeria sp. induced comparable T cell responses independent from their pathogenicity and virulence. Evidence is presented that killed L. monocytogenes organisms lacked mitogenic activity for human B and T lymphocytes. It is concluded that Listeria reactive T lymphocytes are commonly present in healthy individuals and hence may contribute to the rare occurrence of listeriosis in normal adults. PMID- 3149708 TI - A bacterial pathogenicity determinant associated with necrotizing enterocolitis. AB - Predominant enterobacteria from infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) were examined for an unusual ability to ferment lactose. One such isolate, a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, was partially induced for lactose operon expression in tryptone containing media, and was also pathogenic in a rabbit ileal loop model for NEC. A spontaneous segregant of this strain was no longer partially induced for lactose operon expression, and was no longer pathogenic in the rabbit model. The gene responsible for this phenotype was cloned. The resulting plasmid was shown to cause both partially induced lactose operon expression and pathogenicity when introduced into a laboratory K. pneumoniae strain. A K. pneumoniae mutant deficient in lactose repressor synthesis was also pathogenic in the rabbit model. These results and previous studies on the intraluminal biochemistry of infants with NEC support the hypothesis that an increased ability for lactose fermentation may be a bacterial pathogenic trait with respect to NEC. PMID- 3149709 TI - Comparative efficacy of pneumococcal neuraminidase and pneumolysin as immunogens protective against Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Neuraminidase and pneumolysin were purified from cultures of Streptococcus pneumoniae and used, either singly or in combination, to immunize juvenile mice which were subsequently challenged intranasally with virulent S. pneumoniae. In each of two independent trials, a small but significant (P less than 0.05) increase in survival time (compared with that of non-immunized mice) was observed in groups which had been immunized with neuraminidase, but only if the enzyme had been pre-treated with 3.4% (v/v) formaldehyde. The median extension in survival time was significantly less (P less than 0.01) than that of mice which had been immunized with pneumolysin alone. The median survival time for mice which had received both formaldehyde-treated neuraminidase and pneumolysin was not significantly different from that of mice which had received pneumolysin alone. While these findings provide direct evidence that neuraminidase contributes to the pathogenicity of the pneumococcus in mice, they suggest that this protein may be of less value than pneumolysin as a vaccine component in the present experimental model. PMID- 3149710 TI - Accuracy and limitations of pulsed field gel electrophoresis in sizing partial deletions of the factor VIII gene. AB - Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has been recently used to separate DNA fragments ranging from 100 to 2000 kb in size. In order to assess the accuracy of the sizes of the DNA fragments and the resolving capability of this technique, we used PFGE combined with Southern blotting and probe hybridization techniques to determine the size and approximate location of four partial deletions of the factor VIII gene. This gene was chosen because of its large size (186 kb) and the availability of hemophiliac patients with well-characterized partial deletions. The sizes of three deletions estimated by PFGE (55 kb, 60 kb and 133 to 145 kb) were within 10% of the sizes calculated from conventional restriction analysis. Therefore, concatemers of lambda DNA and intact chromosomal DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae provide a relatively accurate system (within 10%) for sizing mammalian DNA fragments that are 100 to 550 kb in size. However, analysis of the fourth deletion (9 to 12 kb) revealed that it is difficult to detect changes in the size of mammalian DNA fragments of 8% or less using Southern blotting and PFGE. PMID- 3149711 TI - Differential regulation of the two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes during Drosophila development. AB - Drosophila melanogaster contains two genes encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Gapdh-1 and Gapdh-2. The two genes are highly conserved in their coding sequences but not in their noncoding and flanking sequences. We report that both genes are expressed at higher levels in larval, late pupal, and adult stages than in embryonic, early, and midpupal stages. However, a major difference in the expression of the two genes is observed in the adult stage, during which the level of the Gapdh-1 transcript decreases over fourfold, while that of the Gapdh-2 transcript remains at a constant high level. In addition, the Gapdh-1 transcript appears highly enriched in the thorax section compared with the head and abdomen sections, while the Gapdh-2 transcript is evenly distributed. Analyses of the expression patterns of the two Gapdh hybrid genes, GAP1/2 and GAP2/1, revealed that the two genes have a distinct organization of their regulatory sequences. The principle regulatory sequences of Gapdh-2 reside upstream of the translation start, while the principle sequences specifying the level and developmental pattern of Gapdh-1 expression reside downstream of the translation start. PMID- 3149712 TI - The brown protein of Drosophila melanogaster is similar to the white protein and to components of active transport complexes. AB - The brown gene of Drosophila melanogaster is required for deposition of pteridine pigments in the compound eye and other tissues. We isolated a ca. 150-kilobase region including brown by microdissection and chromosome walking using cosmids. Among the cDNAs identified by hybridization to the cosmids, one class hybridized to a genomic region that is interrupted in two brown mutants, bw and In(2LR)CK, and to 2.8- and 3.0-kilobase poly(A)+ RNAs which are altered in the mutants. Nucleotide sequencing of these cDNAs revealed that the two transcripts differ as a consequence of alternative poly(A) addition and that both encode the same predicted protein of 675 amino acids. Searches of available databases for amino acid sequence similarities detected a striking overall similarity of this predicted protein to that of the D. melanogaster white gene. The N-terminal portion aligned with the HisP family of membrane-associated ATP-binding proteins, most of which are subunits of active transport complexes in bacteria, and to two regions of the multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein. The C-terminal portion showed a structural similarity to integral membrane components of the same complexes. Taken together with earlier biochemical evidence that brown and white gene products are necessary for uptake of a pteridine precursor and genetic evidence that brown and white proteins interact, our results are consistent with suggestions that these proteins are subunits of a pteridine precursor permease. PMID- 3149714 TI - Differential repair of DNA damage in the human metallothionein gene family. AB - We studied the repair of UV- and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced damage in the human metallothionein (hMT) gene family. After exposure to either UV or AFB1, DNA damage was initially repaired faster in the DNA fragments containing the transcribed hMT-IA, hMT-IE, and hMT-IIA genes than in the genome overall. By 6 h posttreatment, there was at least twice as much repair in these genes as in the rest of the genome. Repair of UV damage in the hMT-IB gene, which shows cell-type specific expression, and in the hMT-IIB gene, which is a nontranscribed processed pseudogene, was about the same as in the rest of the genome, whereas repair of AFB1-induced damage was deficient in these two genes. Inducing transcription of the three expressed hMT genes with CdCl2 or of only the hMT-IIA gene with dexamethasone increased the initial rate of repair in the induced genes another twofold over the rate observed when they were transcribed at a basal level. The rates of repair in the hMT-IB and hMT-IIB genes were not altered by these inducing treatments. Transcription of the hMT genes was transiently inhibited after UV irradiation. Inducing transcription of the genes did not shorten this UV induced delay. Thus, the efficiency of repair of damage in a DNA sequence is dependent on the level of transcriptional activity associated with that sequence. However, an increased efficiency in repair of a gene itself is not necessarily coupled to recovery of its transcription after DNA damage. PMID- 3149713 TI - Novel B-cell precursors blocked at the stage of DJH recombination. AB - Abelson murine leukemia virus-transformed cells have provided the principal model for study of the early events in immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. In this communication, we describe a new type of Abelson virus-transformed pre-B-cell line that is arrested at the DJH stage of the recombination process. These cells differ from other pre-B transformants with respect to two properties associated with the immunoglobulin rearrangement process. First, in contrast to cell lines undergoing VH-to-DJH joining in vitro, none of these cell lines contained detectable levels of RNAs transcribed from their unrearranged VH genes. Second, only some of the cell lines recombined exogenous heptamer-nonamer sequences, indicating that many of them have lost at least a portion of the enzymatic machinery that mediates recombination. The correlation between the absence of unrearranged VH RNAs and the inability to rearrange endogenous immunoglobulin gene segments suggests that VH gene transcription is required both to maintain an active recombination system and for the final step in variable-region formation. PMID- 3149715 TI - Role of SGP2, a suppressor of a gpa1 mutation, in the mating-factor signaling pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Loss of function of GPA1, which encodes a guanine-nucleotide-binding protein, arrests the cell at the G1 phase and allows it to mate, suggesting that the gpa1 mutation spontaneously exerts an intracellular signal that mimics the action of mating factor. We have cloned the SGP2 gene, which was first identified as a secondary mutation that allowed a gpa1::HIS3 mutant to grow and to show a non cell-type-specific sterile phenotype. Disruption of SGP2 confers temperature sensitive growth and a-specific sterile phenotypes, characteristics similar to those conferred by the dpr1 (ram) mutation, a suppressor of RAS2Val-19. The following observations indicate that SGP2 and DPR1 are in fact identical. (i) The cloned SGP2 complements both the temperature-sensitive growth and the a-specific sterility of the dpr1 mutant and can be integrated into the chromosomal DPR1 locus. (ii) The cloned DPR1, in turn, complements the ability of sgp2 to suppress the lethality of gpa1::HIS3. (iii) The dpr1 mutation suppresses the growth defect of gpa1::HIS3, and the dpr1 gpa1::HIS3 strain shows a non-cell-type-specific sterile phenotype. (iv) sgp2 is closely linked to the dpr1 locus. The DPR1 product has been shown to be responsible for processing and fatty acid acylation of a-factor and RAS proteins at their carboxyl termini. Therefore, the SGP2 (DPR1) product may be involved in membrane localization of an essential component in the mating-factor signaling pathway. PMID- 3149716 TI - Activation of the transforming potential of the human fos proto-oncogene requires message stabilization and results in increased amounts of partially modified fos protein. AB - The requirements for activation of the transformation potential of the human c fos proto-oncogene were investigated. Recombinant plasmids containing the Moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat directing transcription of the c-fos coding region and either the authentic c-fos 3' untranslated region (UTR) or the 3' UTR from human c-myc were inefficient at inducing transformation. In contrast, a recombinant that substituted most of the c-fos 3' UTR with the 3' portion of the simian virus 40 T-antigen gene transformed cells well. This difference in transformation efficiency appeared to be due to significantly higher levels of fos mRNA and protein expressed from the transforming recombinant. This, in turn, was due to the much greater stability of its mRNA compared with those from the poorly transforming recombinants containing the c-fos or c-myc 3' UTR. Thus, the 3' UTR of the human c-fos mRNA is responsible for its rapid degradation and limits the steady-state levels of transcript and protein. Cells transformed by the activated human c-fos plasmids contained increased amounts of partially modified c-fos protein (c-Fos). This form of c-Fos turned over much more rapidly than the highly modified form of c-Fos induced by serum stimulation. PMID- 3149718 TI - Platelet-activating factor-induced contraction of guinea-pig lung parenchymal strips: possible involvement of arachidonate metabolites. AB - The identification of the mediators possibly involved in platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced contraction of guinea-pig lung parenchymal strips (GPLP) was attempted by means of antagonists and inhibitors. Histamine, serotonin, acetylcholine (ACh) or other transmitters released from the nerve terminals are not likely to play a role in this response, since specific antagonists and tetrodotoxin did not affect the contraction. PAF antagonists (brotizolam and WEB 2086) produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of the contraction. Inhibitors of TXA2 synthesis (dazoxiben) and of 5-lipoxygenase (nordihydroguaiaretic acid and AA 861) and antagonists of TXA2 (ICI 159995) and peptidoleukotrienes (L 649923 and LY 171883, but not FPL 55712) produced a significant inhibition of the PAF-induced response at concentrations which did not reduce the ACh-induced response. These results suggest that arachidonate metabolites, both of the cyclo-oxygenase and of the lipoxygenase pathway, are determinants of the PAF-induced contraction of GPLP. PMID- 3149719 TI - Glucose both inhibits and stimulates insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets exposed to maximally effective concentrations of sulfonylureas. AB - Isolated pancreatic islets from mice were perifused with media containing maximally effective concentrations of glibenclamide (0.1-10 mumol/l) or glipizide (1 mumol/l). In these islets an increase of the glucose concentration from 10 mmol/l to 40 mmol/l or addition of D-glyceraldehyde (20 mmol/l) caused a temporary decrease in insulin release which was followed by a sustained enhancement of release. alpha-Ketoisocaproate (3 or 20 mmol/l) did not inhibit insulin release; at high concentration it was an even stronger secretagogue than D-glucose or D-glyceraldehyde. It is concluded that high energy phosphates couple B-cell fuel metabolism and insulin release by acting both on the ATP-dependent K+ channel and on other targets not yet identified. PMID- 3149717 TI - Genetics and polymorphism of the mouse prion gene complex: control of scrapie incubation time. AB - The mouse prion protein (PrP) gene (Prn-p), which encodes the only macromolecule that has been identified in scrapie prions, is tightly linked or identical to a gene (Prn-i) that controls the duration of the scrapie incubation period in mice. Constellations of restriction fragment length polymorphisms distinguish haplotypes a to f of Prn-p. The Prn-pb allele encodes a PrP that differs in sequence from those encoded by the other haplotypes and, in inbred mouse strains, correlates with long scrapie incubation time (Westaway et al., Cell 51: 651-662, 1987). In segregating crosses of mice, we identified rare individuals with a divergent scrapie incubation time phenotype and Prn-p genotype, but progeny testing to demonstrate meiotic recombination was not possible because scrapie is a lethal disease. Crosses involving the a, d, and e haplotypes demonstrated that genes unlinked to Prn-p could modulate scrapie incubation time and that there were only two alleles of Prn-i among the mouse strains tested. All inbred strains of mice that had the Prnb haplotype were probably direct descendants of the I/LnJ progenitors. We established the linkage relationship between the prion gene complex (Prn) and other chromosome 2 genes; the gene order, proximal to distal, is B2m-II-1a-Prn-Itp-A. Recombination suppression in the B2m-Prn-p interval occurred during the crosses involved in transferring the I/LnJ Prnb complex into a C57BL/6J background. Transmission ratio distortion by Prna/Prnb heterozygous males was also observed in the same crosses. These phenomena, together with the founder effect, would favor apparent linkage disequilibrium between Prn-p and Prn i. Therefore, transmission genetics may underestimate the number of genes in Prn. PMID- 3149720 TI - Examination of the effects of some 5-HT2 receptor antagonists on central sympathetic outflow and blood pressure in anaesthetised cats. AB - Thoracic preganglionic sympathetic nerve activity, blood pressure, heart rate and femoral arterial conductance were recorded in anaesthetised, paralysed cats. Cumulative dose response curves were constructed for the 5-HT2 antagonists cinanserin, ritanserin, cyproheptadine, methiothepin, metergoline and ICI 169,369. These antagonists showed differing effects on the above parameters. Methiothepin and cyproheptadine caused hypotension and sympathoinhibition at low and high doses, whilst metergoline and ritanserin caused these effects at high doses, above 1 mg kg-1. Cinanserin and ICI 169,369 did cause large transient changes in heart rate, blood pressure and sympathetic outflow. However, all the antagonists except ICI 169,369 and methiothepin caused an increase in femoral arterial conductance which was not associated with hypotension. It was therefore concluded that using the above antagonists it was difficult to attribute changes in blood pressure and central sympathetic outflow to blockade of 5-HT2 receptors. However, it is suggested that 5-HT2 receptors may be involved in the control of skeletal muscle and/or skin vascular beds. PMID- 3149721 TI - Release of acetylcholine and its dopaminergic control in slices from striatal grafts in the ibotenic acid-lesioned rat striatum. AB - Tritium accumulation during incubation with 3H-choline, and the efflux as well as the electrically evoked overflow of tritium during subsequent superfusion, were investigated in slices from unilateral striatal suspension grafts 16 to 20 weeks after implantation into the previously ibotenic acid-lesioned rat striatum. Slices from non-operated animals, from striata contralateral to grafts, and from animals with acute ibotenic acid lesions of the striatum were studied in parallel. The accumulation of tritium and the overflow of tritium in response to electrical stimulation (2 min, 3 Hz) were markedly impaired in acutely lesioned striata. In graft slices, tritium accumulation and the subsequent electrically evoked overflow were greater than in slices obtained after acute lesions, but were still smaller than in non-operated animals or in the contralateral striata. The dopamine D2-receptor agonist quinpirole inhibited the electrically evoked overflow of tritium in grafts, but only to a small extent. The D2-receptor antagonist sulpiride increased, whereas the dopamine uptake inhibitor nomifensine and the dopamine releasing drug amphetamine decreased the evoked overflow in slices from non-operated rats and from striata contralateral to grafts, but had no significant effect in grafts. As in graft slices, the release of acetylcholine in striata from animals in which the mesostriatal dopamine pathway had been lesioned by 6-hydroxy-dopamine was not changed by sulpiride and amphetamine, and was only minimally decreased by nomifensine. Our data show that striato-striatal grafts can partly restore the impaired choline accumulation and acetylcholine release in excitotoxin-lesioned striata. Functional D2-receptors are present on graft cholinergic cells, but are not activated by endogenous dopamine under the present in vitro conditions. PMID- 3149722 TI - Reciprocal changes in striatal dopamine and beta-phenylethylamine induced by reserpine in the presence of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated that selective monoamine oxidase inhibition may induce changes in brain beta-phenylethylamine availability following lesions. The present study used this approach to re-assess the possible effects of reserpine on striatal concentrations of beta-phenylethylamine and of other amines and selected metabolites. Mice were injected with pargyline (2,200 mg kg-1, 4 h), clorgyline (2 mg kg-1, 2 h) or (-)deprenyl (2 mg kg-1, 2 h) alone or in combination with reserpine (1, 10 mg kg-1, 2 h). Increases in beta phenylethylamine accumulation were observed in the presence of both (-)deprenyl or pargyline respectively after reserpine except in the case of combined 200 mg kg-1 of pargyline plus 1 mg kg-1 of reserpine. In this condition, a minimal dopamine decrease was observed (to 80% of the concentration of pargyline-treated controls). Increases in beta-phenylethylamine concentration were not observed with reserpine alone (1 or 10 mg kg-1). In the latter condition, the concentrations of beta-phenylethylamine remained at control values due to the activity of monoamine oxidase B. Changes in p-tyrosine, 5-hydroxytryptamine or tryptophan did not consistently accompany increases in beta-phenylethylamine accumulation. Increased beta-phenylethylamine accumulation was always accompanied by the decreases in dopamine induced by reserpine in mice with either non selective (200 mg kkg-1 pargyline) or type B monoamine oxidase inhibition (2 mg kg-1 pargyline or deprenyl). These data suggest that although the changes in beta phenylethylamine accumulation may not be due simply to p-tyrosine availability they are related to dopamine levels in the intact striatum. PMID- 3149723 TI - Suppression of preoptic GABA release caused by push-pull-perfusion with sodium valproate. AB - The in vivo-effects of various concentrations of the anticonvulsant drug sodium valproate--within and above the therapeutic range for humans (40-100 micrograms/ml)--on the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were studied perfusing the preoptic area of unanaesthetized, freely moving ovarectomized rats through push-pull-cannulae at a flow rate of 20 microliters/min with a fraction period of 5 and 15 min, respectively. Local treatment with 40, 80, 100, and 200 micrograms valproate/ml perfusion medium induced a highly significant decrease in preoptic GABA release. After return to valproate-free medium this effect was reversible. A rapid onset and termination of the valproate effect within 5 min could be observed. Going higher with valproate concentrations the suppressive effect became less and at supratherapeutic valproate levels of 1600 micrograms/ml CSF an increase in GABA release could be observed in 4 out of 8 animals. This does response relationship points to a biphasic effect of valproate on the available amount of GABA in the synaptic cleft, which may be produced by at least two different dose-dependent mechanisms of action. The present results indicate that the action of therapeutic concentrations of valproate involves an alteration of GABAergic transmission different from increasing synaptic GABA release. Nevertheless, the data suggest that valproate action, at least at the level of the preoptic area, involves an enhancement of GABAergic transmission causing--via a negative feedback mechanism--the observed suppression of GABA release into the synaptic cleft. PMID- 3149724 TI - Thyrotropin releasing hormone, cholecystokinin and endogenous opioids in the modulation of spinal reflexes in the rabbit. AB - Electrical stimulation of the sural nerve of the rabbit evokes reflexes in the ipsilateral ankle extensor gastrocnemius medialis and in the knee flexor semitendinosus which are differentially modulated by endogenous opioids. Intravenous injection of the putative functional opioid antagonist, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) or its analogue RX77368, caused the extensor response to double in size and the flexor reflex to increase to 1.5-1.7 times pre-drug controls. The opioid RX77368 had no effect on the naloxone-reversible inhibition of the gastrocnemius reflex which followed tetanic stimulation of the fine afferent fibres of the common peroneal or sural nerves. The cholecystokinin antagonist proglumide, which has been shown to enhance the actions of endogenous opioids in some species, had no effects on either reflex. It is possible that TRH acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter or modulator in the spinal cord of the rabbit opposing, but not blocking, the actions of endogenous opioids. PMID- 3149725 TI - The role of calcium in the regulation of [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding sites in rat brain. AB - The role of calcium in the regulation of sodium-dependent high-affinity uptake of choline was assessed in vitro in slices of the rat brain, by measuring the specific binding of [3H]hemicholinium-3 ([3H]HCh-3) and the uptake of [3H]choline. Depolarization with potassium of slices of hippocampus, cortex, or striatum significantly increased the specific binding of [3H]HCh-3 when compared to control slices. However, the observed potentiation of specific binding of [3H]HCh-3 was markedly inhibited by the removal of calcium from the incubation medium in cortex or hippocampus, but not in slices of striatum. Alterations in the uptake of [3H]choline directly paralleled the observed changes in the specific binding of [3H]HCh-3 in striatum of the rat and were unaffected by the reduction of calcium in the incubation medium. The inorganic calcium channel antagonists, cadmium and cobalt, but not magnesium, zinc, manganese or lanthanum, significantly inhibited the 40 mM potassium chloride-induced stimulation of the binding of [3H]HCh-3 in the striatum. Finally, the calcium ionophore A23187 significantly increased the binding of [3H]HCh-3 in slices of striatum, either in the presence or absence of calcium in the bathing medium. This study demonstrates regional differences in the role of extracellular calcium in the regulation of the uptake of choline and suggests the involvement of intracellular release of calcium in the in vitro regulation of the sodium-dependent high-affinity uptake of choline in the striatum. PMID- 3149726 TI - Experimental infections of simians with human malaria: attempts to infect Callithrix penicillata with Plasmodium falciparum. AB - After reviewing the use of non-human primates of the Old and New Worlds for human malaria research, we concluded that another experimental animal which is easily available to use and possible to rear indoors is needed. Thus, we studied the susceptibility of the marmoset Callithrix penicillata to Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic infections. The marmosets received various P. falciparum human isolates, directly from a patient and from continuous cultures. The Palo Alto strain, which has been adapted to the night monkey Aotus trivirgatus and further maintained in the squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus was also used. In a total of 20 marmosets we performed 31 inoculations, with 10(5) to 10(9) parasites, intraperitoneally, intracardiacly or intravenously. Blood samples from each animal were examined daily up to day 90 post-inoculation. None of the intact marmosets developed patent infections. Four out of 19 C. penicillata, previously splenectomized, showed circulating parasites for up to five days after intravenous inoculation with the Palo Alto strain, becoming negative thereafter. Neither the addition to the simian diet of p-aminobenzoic acid, essential for the parasite metabolism, nor drug-immunosuppression, improved the marmoset susceptibility to P. falciparum. PMID- 3149727 TI - [Advances in the use of lithium salts in clinical pediatrics and further prospects in that area]. PMID- 3149729 TI - [Dosimetric properties of gamma Co-60 radiation compared with X radiation from Neptun 10P accelerators]. PMID- 3149728 TI - [Comparison of the usefulness of Technetium 99m-labeled ethylidene-1-hydroxy-1,1' diphosphonic acid (EHDP) and methylene diphosphonic acid (MDP) of Polish production for the diagnosis of bone metastases in patients treated at the Oncology Center, Institute of Oncology in Warsaw 1979-1987]. PMID- 3149730 TI - [Diphtheria: antibody levels and vaccination history in target groups of the Latium region]. PMID- 3149731 TI - [Attempt to evaluate the economical impact of hepatitis B in Italy and comparison to costs of strategies of vaccinal prevention]. PMID- 3149732 TI - [Protection against laryngotracheobronchial obstruction and anaphylaxis with ketotifen and DSCG (disodium chromoglycate) in patients with food allergy]. AB - The authors studied in 30 allergic children to foods the protection of fall of spirometric flow (FEV1) after food challenge, caused by ketotifen and DSCG. The first showed a greater number of total protection = 60% in comparison with DSCG = 53.3%. The supply of both drugs at the same time showed a great amplification of protective action: total protection 73.3%, partial 20%; amount of two protections = 93.3%. PMID- 3149733 TI - Identification of neurohypophysial peptides in the ovaries of several mammalian and nonmammalian species. AB - Ovarian tissue from a variety of mammalian and nonmammalian species were extracted in acid. All extracts contained both oxytocin- and vasopressin-like immunoreactivites as determined by radioimmunoassay. Analysis by high performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of oxytocin in all ovarian extracts examined. This was in contrast to the corresponding posterior pituitary gland which other workers have shown do not necessarily contain the oxytocin peptide. It is suggested that oxytocin may play an important role in ovarian function in species of differing phylogeny. PMID- 3149734 TI - Growth hormone regulation of growth hormone-releasing hormone gene expression. AB - Slot-blot hybridization technique was used to evaluate growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) mRNA levels in the hypothalamus of long-term (14 days) hypophysectomized (HPX) rats treated or not with 125 micrograms hGH/rat, twice daily IP, since the first day postsurgery. In addition, mRNA levels were determined in the hypothalamus of short-term (4 days) GH-treated (250 micrograms hGH/rat, twice daily IP) intact rats. GHRH mRNA levels were increased in HPX rats, and GH treatment partially counteracted this rise. Short-term administration of GH decreased GHRH mRNA levels in intact rats. These results, evaluated together with previous findings showing decreased hypothalamic GHRH like immunoreactivity in both HPX rats and intact rats given GH (6, 7, 9), indicate that GH exerts a negative feedback action on the synthesis and release of GHRH. PMID- 3149736 TI - The protein binding of phenytoin, propranolol, diazepam, and AL01576 (an aldose reductase inhibitor) in human and rat diabetic serum. AB - The extent of serum protein binding of AL01576, phenytoin (DPH), diazepam (DIAZ), and propranolol (PRO) was evaluated in a group of nondiabetic and a group of insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, as well as in streptozotocin-treated rats. Both serum glucose and glucosylated protein levels were elevated in the diabetic patient population (179 and 150% of control values, respectively). The mean free fractions (fp) of AL01576, DPH, and PRO were not statistically different for the two human groups. The DIAZ fp was slightly elevated (P less than 0.05) in the diabetic patients (mean = 0.016) compared to the control group (mean fp = 0.014). An acute (less than 3 days) and chronic (greater than 20 days) diabetic rodent model was evaluated using Sprague-Dawley rats following streptozotocin administration (60 mg/kg i.p.). Both diabetic rat groups exhibited substantial increases in serum glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), and protein glucosylation compared to controls. The fp of AL01576 was increased in both the acute (mean = 0.248) and the chronic (mean = 0.202) condition compared to controls (mean = 0.163). The fp of DPH was also markedly increased in the acute (mean = 0.348) and the chronic (mean = 0.280) models compared to untreated controls (mean = 0.207). DIAZ and PRO binding was largely unaffected by the streptozotocin treatment. In vitro studies of purified human albumin suggest that a considerable degree of glucosylation would need to be present in diabetic serum before it would effectively alter drug binding. Our data suggest that only minor drug-serum binding changes occur in diabetic patients who are otherwise healthy and whose disease is well controlled. PMID- 3149735 TI - A precolumn derivatization high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure for the quantitation of difluoromethylornithine in plasma. PMID- 3149738 TI - Phosphorylated mixed isomers of L-dopa increase melanin content in skins of Skh-2 pigmented hairless mice. AB - Dopa phosphates, a new class of compounds, contain phosphate-ester linkages at the 3- and/or 4- positions of the phenylalanine ring of L-dopa. Dopa phosphates have been shown to increase pigment production in the epidermis of hairless mice. Groups of Skh-2 pigmented hairless mice were treated topically with various concentrations of dopa phosphates daily for five weeks. Half of each group received suberythemal UVB radiation three times weekly for four weeks from a bank of filtered FS20 lamps. UVB and dopa phosphates alone each caused a modest increase in epidermal pigmentation. However, treatment of mice with dopa phosphates plus UVB radiation resulted in a marked increase in pigmentation, greater than with either treatment alone. The optimal concentration of dopa phosphates was 0.01% (100 micrograms/ml Tris-glycerol buffer) whether or not they were applied in conjunction with UVB radiation. Histological analyses revealed that dopa phosphates and UVB radiation each caused an increase in the number of pigmented melanocytes in the epidermis. Control groups treated with Tris-glycerol buffer alone, or buffer containing L-phenylalanine or L-dopa showed no significant changes in pigmentation. Our results indicate that dopa phosphates stimulate the production of melanin and affect the development and distribution of melanocytes in the skin of Skh-2 mice. By these criteria, dopa phosphates and UVB act in a similar manner to increase melanin content in the skin. The processes may be related to those recently observed in cultured mouse melanoma cells where dopa phosphates are incorporated into melanin, presumably following enzymatic hydrolysis by cellular phosphatases with the resultant production of L dopa and inorganic phosphate. PMID- 3149737 TI - Serum protein binding of AL01576, a new aldose reductase inhibitor. PMID- 3149739 TI - An association of melanophores appearing at metamorphosis as vehicles of asymmetric skin color formation with pigment anomalies developed under hatchery conditions in the Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. AB - The mechanisms for asymmetric skin color formation in the Japanese flounder are studied with particular concerns to causes for pigment disorder (hypomelanosis) occurring under hatchery conditions. For an analysis of normal pigmentation, fish were raised with wild zooplanktons in an indoor hatchery, whilst for hypomelanosis, they were raised with Brazilian Artemia nauplii, a diet used in the hatcheries. Morphological observations, counting of melanophores, histochemical assay of DOPA-positive immature cells (melanoblasts), and radiometric estimation of tyrosinase activities in skins of developing larvae and juveniles indicate that 1) the structural plan for pigmentation in this species is bilaterally symmetric until metamorphosis, utilizing large-sized melanophores (hence larval melanophores) as main vehicles, and 2) an asymmetric coloration characteristic to metamorphosed juveniles is formed by an intensive development of smaller-sized melanophores (hence adult-type melanophores) appearing selectively in the ocular side at the later stages of metamorphosis and by an absence of it in the blind. These findings apparently indicate that 1) two types of melanophores occur in this species which differ with respect to morphological properties and developmental fate, and 2) selective differentiation of adult type melanophores in the ocular side of the body at or after metamorphosis is primarily responsible for an asymmetric coloration of its adult form. The similar assays on the fish fed with Artemia nauplii indicate that defective development of adult-type melanophores results in hypomelanosis in their ocular-sided skins, yielding a pigmentary pattern seen in the blind side of the metamorphosed juveniles with normal pigmentation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3149740 TI - Ultraweak photon emission in model reactions of the in vitro formation of eumelanins and pheomelanins. AB - Ultraweak luminescence in the spectral region 300-660 nm is generated in the enzymatic (tyrosinase EC.1.14.18.1) and autooxidative polymerization of L-DOPA, 5 S-cysteinyl-DOPA, and L-DOPA + cysteine to eumelanins and pheomelanins, respectively. Using sensitive calibrated single photon counting equipment, the photon emission intensity I and quantum yield phi have been measured: I = 10-100 h nu/s cm3, phi less than or equal to 10(-13) for enzymatic reactions, and I = 500-3000 h nu/s cm3, phi greater than or equal to 5 x 10(-12) for autooxidative ones. 5-S-cysteinyl-DOPA and cysteine exhibit diminished I and phi-values relative to DOPA. Tests with chemiluminogenic probes-luminol and lucigenin, SOD, catalase, peroxidase, H2O2, and spectrophotometric measurements indicate that photon emission is associated with degradative oxidations of melanin subunits by means of active oxygen species as H2O2 and O2. PMID- 3149741 TI - [Ways of increasing isolation and growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in modified Finn-II media]. PMID- 3149743 TI - Neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopamine depletions: motor activity and performance in maze learning. AB - Three experiments were performed to study the effect of dopamine (DA) depletions, induced by neonatal intracerebroventricular (ICV) treatment with 6 hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), upon measures of spontaneous motor activity. Instrumental learning for food reward in an Olton radial arm maze and escape learning from a large, circular water maze were studied also. Motor activity was measured by direct observation of rats in a modified radial arm maze and by use of automated test cages equipped with photocell devices. 6-OHDA-treated rats demonstrated considerable and long-lasting locomotor (ambulation) activity and total activity increases. 6-OHDA-treated rats showed notably less rearing activity than the vehicle-treated rats during the initial 20 min of each 60-min test period. However, over the second half of these 60-min test periods, the 6 OHDA-treated rats demonstrated significantly more rearing activity than the vehicle-treated rats. In the acquisition of the running response, to obtain the 8 food pellets placed in each of the 8 arms of the radial arm maze, 6-OHDA rats showed a retarded acquisition, as measured by the latency and number of arms visited to acquire all eight pellets. 6-OHDA-treated rats failed completely to acquire the Morris-type swim maze task by which they were required to locate a platform just under the water surface in a circular water tank. The neurochemical assays indicated severe DA depletion in several forebrain regions. The present findings add to existing indications of the potential of this DA depletion condition as an animal model of the minimal brain dysfunction syndrome. PMID- 3149742 TI - Multiple interactions of lysine-128 of Escherichia coli glutamate dehydrogenase revealed by site-directed mutagenesis studies. AB - A highly conserved lysine at position 128 of Escherichia coli glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) has been altered by site-directed mutagenesis of the gdhA gene. Chemical modification studies have previously shown the importance of this residue for catalytic activity. We report the properties of mutants in which lysine-128 has been changed to histidine (K128H) or arginine (K128R). Both mutants have substantially reduced catalytic centre activities and raised pH optima for activity. K128H also has increased relative activity with amino acid substrates other than glutamate, especially L-norvaline. These differences, together with alterations in Km values, Kd values for NADPH and Ki values for D glutamate, imply that lysine-128 is intimately involved in either direct or indirect interactions with all the substrates and also in catalysis. These multiple interactions of lysine-128 explain the diverse effects of chemical modifications of the corresponding lysine in homologous GHDs. In contrast, lysine 27, another highly reactive residue in bovine GDH, is not conserved in all of the sequenced NADP-specific GDHs and is therefore not likely to be involved in catalysis. PMID- 3149744 TI - Ethanol suppression of schedule-controlled responding: interactions with Ro 15 4513, Ro 15-1788 and CGS 8216. AB - Rats (N = 14) were trained to respond under a five seconds differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL 5'') schedule and under a fixed ratio 10 (FR10) schedule of reinforcement. Ro 15-1788 did not influence the number of responses in the DRL 5'' schedule, but increased responding in the FR10 schedule. Ethanol (ETOH, 1250 mg/kg) and CGS 8216 (5 mg/kg) suppressed responding in both schedules and these effects were not antagonized by Ro 15-1788. The response suppressing effects of ETOH in both schedules were not influenced by CGS 8216. These results indicate that the response suppressing effects of ETOH and CGS 8216 are not mediated by the BDZ receptor. Ro 15-4513 suppressed responding strongly in the FR10 schedule. The response suppressing effects of Ro 15-4513 were additive with the response suppressing effects of ETOH. In rats (N = 11) trained to respond under a variable interval 40 seconds-fixed ratio 10 (VI 40''-FR10) schedule Ro 15 4513 dose-dependently suppressed responding. These results indicate that Ro 15 4513 has sedative effects and is not able to antagonize all the behavioral actions of ETOH. PMID- 3149745 TI - Enhancing effect of taurine in the rat caudate spindle. II. Effect of bilateral 6 hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigro-striatal dopamine system. AB - Bilateral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle of rats resulted in destruction of dopamine (DA) nerve terminals in the striatum. DA contents decreased to 16.8, 15.0 and 13.7% of control values on 3, 5 and 7 days after the lesions, respectively. The time course of the effect of 6 OHDA lesions on apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg, IV)-induced stereotypy was investigated as the index of the development of supersensitivity. Stereotypy was unchanged on 3 days, but was enhanced 5 and 7 days after 6-OHDA lesions. Therefore, the sensitivity of postsynaptic DA receptors for apomorphine did not change 3 days after 6-OHDA lesions, although the striatal DA was depleted. The effects of bilateral injections of taurine into the striatum on the rat caudate spindle were determined 3 days after 6-OHDA lesions. Taurine, at a dose of 30 micrograms, enhanced the spindle in sham-operated rats, but this enhancement was not seen after 6-OHDA lesions. Intravenous administration of apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg) to lesioned rats suppressed the spindle, and this effect was prevented by a lower dose (3 micrograms) of taurine. These results provide further evidence that taurine enhances the spindle, possibly by decreasing the activity of the nigro striatal DA system at the pre- and postsynaptic sites. PMID- 3149746 TI - Stereoisomerism and amine oxidases. PMID- 3149747 TI - Reversible, enzyme-activated monoamine oxidase inhibitors: new advances. PMID- 3149748 TI - [Azoles. 18. Sulfonylindazole derivatives]. AB - The nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen to synthesize the sulphonyl indazole derivatives 9-16 is described. The structures of the substitution products are discussed using H-NMR spectra. Chemical structural proof was given by steric hindrance observed in the process of chorination of 9-16. The compounds 3, 4, 7, 8, 14, and 16 are studied to find an inhibition on phospholipase-A2 and lipoxygenase-I. PMID- 3149749 TI - [Antitubercular agents. 42. Dithiooxamides, a new group of potential antitubercular agents]. PMID- 3149750 TI - A radioenzymatic assay for the determination of phospholipase A2 in serum suitable for psychiatric and non-psychiatric patients. PMID- 3149751 TI - Study to establish the indication for the selective S2 antagonist ritanserin. AB - In our open study, ritanserin was shown to be an antidepressant low in side effects with a rapid onset of action. In contrast to the results reported by Ceulemanns, patients suffering from melancholia could also be treated with ritanserin. Similar to amitriptyline, ritanserin is able to provoke psychotic symptoms in schizophrenic patients despite the absence of an anticholinergic action. Ritanserin appears to improve mood and subjective well-being of depressive schizophrenic patients as supplementary therapy to a highly potent neuroleptic. This is consistent with the experience of Gelders. The relevance of the results described is restricted by the fact that the patients received an above-average intensive medical care besides the pharmacotherapy. In addition, the expectations of the patients with regard to ritanserin were extremely high and they expected an above-average effect of the ritanserin treatment. PMID- 3149752 TI - Fluvoxamine-melatonin-stimulation-test (FMST) in patients with depressive disorders. PMID- 3149753 TI - Different reactivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal-axis in depression and normal controls. PMID- 3149755 TI - Stimulation of growth hormone by GHRH as compared to DMI in depressed patients. PMID- 3149754 TI - Neuroendocrine regulation of growth hormone secretion in major depressive disorder. PMID- 3149756 TI - Influence of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) on the growth hormone (GH) secretion in healthy female and male subjects. PMID- 3149757 TI - Thialysine- and selenalysine-resistance in a E. coli mutant. AB - A thialysine-resistant mutant of E. coli strain KL16 also shows a lower sensitivity to selenalysine, the lysine analog containing selenium. No difference between the mutant and the parental strain has been shown regarding the affinities of the transport systems and the lysyl-tRNA synthetase for selenalysine, thialysine and lysine as well as the inhibitory effects of these three aminoacids on the activity of the lysine biosynthetic pathway. A marked difference between the two strains has been evidenced in the AK III repression: in the mutant the repression by selenalysine, thialysine and lysine is much lower than in the parental strain. PMID- 3149758 TI - Nucleotide sequence of a staphylococcal plasmid gene, vgb, encoding a hydrolase inactivating the B components of virginiamycin-like antibiotics. AB - The nucleotide sequence of a 1883 bp fragment isolated from a resistance plasmid harbored by a Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate and carrying the gene, vgb, encoding a hydrolase inactivating the B components of virginiamycin family has been determined. The sequence contains one open reading frame which extends from the ATG codon at nt 641 to a TGA codon at nt 1537 and which potentially codes for a protein of 33.035 Da. This value is in agreement with the apparent size (33 kDa) of the protein observed, in minicell extracts. Inactivation of the B components of the virginiamycin antibiotics as well as resistance to these antibiotics were expressed in a virginiamycin sensitive mutant of Escherichia coli recipient containing the gene on a high copy number plasmid. PMID- 3149759 TI - The distribution of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons and fibers in the Formosan rock-monkey. AB - The anatomical distribution of neurons and fibers containing Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone-Immunoreactivity (LHRH-IR) in the brain of the Formosan Rock Monkey was investigated employing immunohistochemical techniques. LHRH-IR neurons were observed in an area demarcated rostrally by the diagonal band of Broca and caudally by the mammillary area. The majority of these neurons were principally localized in the preoptic area, periventricular zone, and the arcuate nucleus. The supraoptic nucleus, septal area, triangular septal nucleus, nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, suprachiasmatic nucleus, retrochiasmatic area, mammillary area, and the amygdala also exhibited neuronal LHRH immunoreactivity. LHRH-IR fibers appeared to originate in all of the above areas of the hypothalamus, project caudally, and subsequently terminate in the median eminence (ME). In addition to the above, LHRH-IR fibers were also detected in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT). A scattering of LHRH-IR fibers were also observed in several extrahypothalamic regions, notably the subfornical organ, indusium griseum, habenular complex, septohypothalamic nucleus, and amygdala. PMID- 3149760 TI - Distribution of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the Formosan monkey. AB - The distribution of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity was investigated in the central nervous system of the Formosan monkey employing immunohistochemical techniques. Neurotensin-containing cells were found to be widely distributed in the forebrain. The principal densities of neurotensin-like neuronal perikarya were located in the limbic system, the basal ganglion and the cerebral cortex; particularly in the amygdala, the septum, the neostriatum, the claustrum and the insula. The stria terminalis and the preoptic area were also rich in immunostained neurotensin-like neurons. A large number of immunoreactive fibers were observed from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord in locations such as the median eminence, the arcuate nucleus, the hippocampus, the central gray and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. We analyzed in detail the distribution of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the Formosan monkey, and compared these results with those obtained in the brain of the rat, Japanese monkey and human. Some possible implications regarding differences in location of this peptide are also briefly discussed. PMID- 3149761 TI - [A case of Recklinghausen's disease in the light of 14-year follow-up]. PMID- 3149762 TI - Fixed-ratio schedules of oral ethanol self-administration in inbred mouse strains. AB - Previous studies of ethanol reinforcement in BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J mice have shown that over a range of concentrations oral ethanol appeared to serve as a reinforcer only for the C57BL/6J mice. In the previous studies BALB/cJ mice maintained rates of responding for ethanol that only slightly exceeded the rates maintained by the vehicle, water. However, the quantity of ethanol consumed with the continuous reinforcement schedule (fixed ratio one) may have led to pharmacologically significant effects, given the high sensitivity to ethanol of this genotype. The present study tested whether and to what extent ethanol would maintain responding under increasing fixed ratio size in these two strains of mice at ethanol concentrations of 0%, 8%, and 16% (w/v). For the C57BL/6J mice, as fixed-ratio size increased from 1 to 2, 4, and 8, there were almost directly proportional increases in response rate at ethanol concentrations of 8% and 16% (w/v), but not at 0%. Post-session blood ethanol levels confirmed intake of pharmacologically significant quantities. The volume consumed per unit of body weight decreased as fixed-ratio size increased. For the BALB/cJ mice, at no condition did ethanol maintain responding at levels that significantly exceeded vehicle maintained responding. BALB/cJ mice did not differ from C57BL/6J mice as fixed-ratio size was increased during vehicle conditions. These results, along with earlier findings, demonstrate that ethanol can serve as a reinforcer for C57BL/6J mice but not in BALB/cJ mice over a range of schedule conditions. They further support the conclusion that genotype is an important determinant of ethanol reinforced behavior. PMID- 3149763 TI - Alcohol intoxication reduces visual sustained attention. AB - Effects of alcohol intoxication on visual sustained attention were studied using a vigilance task entailing detection of degraded target stimuli. Data were obtained in separate sessions under four ethanol doses, ranging from 0 (placebo) to 1.05 g/kg lean body weight, with periodic maintenance dosing of 0.12 g/kg. Intoxication lowered the overall level of detection performance, and in addition produced dose-related increases in the rate of performance decrement over time. Analysis of performance data using techniques derived from Signal Detection Theory indicated that the decrements were due specifically to alterations in perceptual sensitivity. Examination of eye movements and blinks indicated that the effects of ethanol were not mediated peripherally. Rather, alcohol appears to have deleterious effects on central processing capacity and the availability of capacity over time. The alcohol-related failure of sustained attention may contribute to increased accident risk in tasks requiring continuous performance. PMID- 3149764 TI - Evaluation of a low to middle tar/medium nicotine cigarette designed to maintain nicotine delivery to the smoker. AB - A specific objective of this 6-week crossover study was to determine how 21 regular smokers of middle tar cigarettes changed their smoking behaviour and uptake of smoke constituents, when switching to either lower tar cigarettes capable of delivering amounts of nicotine similar to a conventional middle tar cigarette (maintained nicotine product), or to conventional low tar/low nicotine cigarettes. Subjects visited the laboratory every 2 weeks for detailed assessment of their smoking behaviour. Weekly per capita consumption was similar for all three cigarettes. They were smoked with variable intensities (low tar greater than maintained nicotine greater than middle tar), the tendency being for larger puff volumes, faster puffing and increased puff duration with the low tar cigarettes. The maintained nicotine cigarette was preferred to the middle tar cigarette, although acceptability ratings of the three cigarettes only differed marginally. The nicotine absorbed from the maintained nicotine and middle tar cigarettes was similar and significantly greater than the levels achieved from the low tar cigarettes. Intake of carbon monoxide into the mouth and absorption into the blood stream was lower for the maintained nicotine cigarette than for the middle tar cigarette, with the low tar cigarette occupying an intermediate position. Derived estimates of tar intake suggested reduced intake of tar into the respiratory tract (around 25%) from the maintained nicotine product relative to the middle tar product. The possible advantages of switching to maintained nicotine cigarettes is discussed. PMID- 3149765 TI - Effect of raphe lesions on the development of acute tolerance to ethanol and pentobarbital. AB - The effect of electrolytic lesions in the median and dorsal raphe nuclei was tested on acute tolerance development to ethanol and pentobarbital in the rat, as measured by motor impairment on the moving belt test. Acute tolerance to ethanol (1.7 g/kg, IP) or pentobarbital (17.5 mg/kg, IP) was monitored at 12.5, 25, or 50 min in separate subgroups tested only once each. One week of recovery was allowed between ethanol and pentobarbital tests. Median raphe lesions delayed the development of acute tolerance, whereas dorsal raphe lesions produced a negligible effect. These results were seen with both ethanol and pentobarbital. The mesolimbic 5-HT pathway from the median raphe nucleus is important in the development of acute tolerance to ethanol and pentobarbital, as was shown to be the case previously for chronic tolerance. PMID- 3149766 TI - Dose-dependent reversal of chlordiazepoxide-induced discrimination impairment by Ro 15-1788. AB - Chlordiazepoxide (10 mg/kg), administered on eight successive acquisition sessions, impaired a light-cued, successive discrimination in male Sprague-Dawley rats by increasing the number of incorrect responses. The benzodiazepine receptor antagonist Ro 15-1788 (5 and 10 mg/kg) reversed the discrimination impairment and reduced the number of incorrect responses in a generally dose-dependent manner when co-administered with chlordiazepoxide. These findings suggest that the impairment of successive discrimination by chlordiazepoxide is mediated by central benzodiazepine receptor sites. When administered alone, however, the 10 mg/kg dose of Ro 15-1788 (but not the 5 mg/kg dose) produced a mild benzodiazepine-like impairment in discrimination, which was accompanied by a small but significant increase in incorrect responses. These findings suggest that Ro 15-1788 may also have some intrinsic action of its own, which needs to be assessed independently of its use as a mediational research tool. PMID- 3149767 TI - Environmental influences on the development of tolerance to the effects of physostigmine on schedule-controlled behavior. AB - The influence of environmental variables on the development of tolerance to physostigmine's effects in rats was examined using multiple fixed-ratio, extinction schedules of food presentation. Initial administration of physostigmine (0.4 mg/kg) produced nearly maximal decreases in the number of food pellets delivered, running response rate, and overall response rate, under multiple FR 10, EXT and multiple FR 50, EXT schedules. With repeated administration, tolerance to physostigmine's effects was observed when 10 responses were required to produce reinforcement but was not observed when 50 responses were required to produce reinforcement. Tolerance under the multiple FR 10, EXT schedule of reinforcement was also observed when physostigmine was administered post-session. When tolerance was acquired, it was retained for up to 25 drug-free days. These results suggest that tolerance to physostigmine's effects on schedule-controlled behavior is strongly influenced by response requirement, independently of physostigmine-induced reinforcement loss. Additionally, tolerance is not dependent on experience with the schedule while under the effects of physostigmine, and is retained for a substantial period of time in the absence of continued physostigmine administration. PMID- 3149769 TI - Heterogeneous rotational responsiveness in 6-hydroxydopamine-denervated rats: pharmacological and neurochemical characterization. AB - Qualitative differences in pharmacological responsiveness to various types of dopamine agonists have been reported in rats that have undergone unilateral 6 hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced denervation of the nigro-striatal pathway. The present experiments further characterize these differences, pharmacologically and neurochemically. Rats were classified as having high rotational sensitivity (0.03 mg/kg SC apomorphine sufficient to induce more than 100 rotations/20 min) or low sensitivity (0.3 mg/kg SC apomorphine required to meet this criterion). High sensitivity rats showed marked contralateral rotational behavior (approximately 150 rotations/20 min) in response to apomorphine (ED50 = 0.08 mg/kg IP), CGS 15855A (ED50 = 0.07 mg/kg), CGS 15873A (ED50 = 0.43 mg/kg), (+)-3-PPP (ED50 = 2.3 mg/kg), (-)-3-PPP (ED50 = 0.87 mg/kg) and quinpirole (peak effective dose, 0.03 mg/kg). In low sensitivity rats, 3- to 10-fold higher doses of apomorphine induced a maximal rate of rotational behavior, but only partial effects were produced by quinpirole, CGS 15855A, CGS 15873A, (+)-3-PPP, and (-)-3-PPP (40-80 rotations/20 min). Because apomorphine is a nonselective D1 and D2 agonist, it is proposed that activation of either D1 or D2 receptors suffices to induce high rates of rotation in high sensitivity rats, whereas in low sensitivity rats, D1 or D2 agonism alone induces submaximal rotation rates. The ipsilateral rotational behavior induced by d-amphetamine was more pronounced and occurred at lower doses in the high-sensitivity rats. Striatal dopamine depletion on the lesioned side did not differ between the groups, but low sensitivity rats showed two-fold higher DOPAC/DA ratios on the lesioned side than did high-sensitivity rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3149768 TI - Social, motor, and autonomic signs of morphine withdrawal: differential sensitivities to catecholaminergic drugs in mice. AB - Drugs that predominantly influence catecholamines were used in order to simultaneously determine their ability to alter salient signs of social, motor and autonomic activity during morphine withdrawal, and to compare the sensitivity of each of these signs to these drugs. Cocaine, d-amphetamine, apomorphine and L dopa increased attack and threat, but did not induce defensive behavior in morphine-withdrawn resident mice who were more responsive to the aggression enhancing effects of these drugs than placebo control mice. Concurrently measured withdrawal jumping was not affected by these drugs, and the sensitivity to the hypothermic effects of these drugs was reduced. In contrast, clonidine decreased attack and threat behaviors, and morphine-withdrawn mice were more sensitive to this inhibitory influence. But like the stimulant drugs, clonidine did not affect withdrawal jumping, and the hypothermic action of clonidine was attenuated in morphine-withdrawn mice. These findings show that in mice, opiate withdrawal leads to altered attack and threat that is further amplified by catecholaminergic drugs. The present pattern of results indicates differential drug effects on social, motor and autonomic functions when the behaviors are measured 48 h following withdrawal. PMID- 3149770 TI - Effects of cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs on ketamine-induced linguopharyngeal motor activity. AB - Benztropine mesylate (Cogentin) and physostigmine salicylate (Antilirium), were tested for changes in tongue protrusions, retrusions, and swallowing acts in rats anesthetized with a 100 mg/kg IM injection of ketamine hydrochloride. These ketamine-induced linguopharyngeal events were monitored by means of a force displacement transducer fed onto a polygraph. Benztropine (0.05-1 mg/kg) caused mild to moderate reductions in the rate of these events for a short period of time, up to about 30 min. With physostigmine (5-25 micrograms/kg), linguopharyngeal activity was markedly increased, up to 50-fold by the highest dose within 5 min and returned almost to the baseline within 60 min. With lower doses, more moderate responses were obtained. If methscopolamine (1.4, 3, 6 mg/kg IM) preceded physostigmine, the physostigmine enhancement was preserved. PMID- 3149771 TI - Dissociative effects of scopolamine on working memory in healthy young volunteers. AB - Performance on tasks of digit span, mental rotation and immediate free recall of supraspan word lists was measured before and after oral administration of 1.2 mg scopolamine or placebo to healthy young volunteers. Digit span and mental rotation were sensitive to task-specific interference from articulatory suppression and spatial tapping tasks, respectively. Neither task was affected by scopolamine when completed alone or in combination with a secondary task. A concurrent secondary task reduced immediate free recall in a nonspecific fashion (i.e., spatial tapping or articulatory suppression impaired performance equally). Scopolamine significantly reduced the number of words recalled under all conditions. The results are interpreted as evidence for selective impairment of the central executive mechanism by scopolamine without disruption of function in the articulatory loop or visuospatial scratch pad. PMID- 3149772 TI - Naltrexone blocks amphetamine-induced hyperactivity, but not disruption of social and agonistic behavior in mice and squirrel monkeys. AB - Significant anatomical overlap of opioid and dopamine receptors as well as reciprocity of control over synthesis, metabolism, and release of opioid peptides and dopamine in brain suggests functional interactions between the two systems. In the first of two studies, the behavioral effects of amphetamine and naltrexone alone, and in combination were studied in established groups of socially interacting squirrel monkeys. Naltrexone (0.1-10.0 mg/kg, IM) increased locomotion and marking behavior in subordinate monkeys. The frequency of social initiatives directed at treated subordinate monkeys by untreated members of the group was also increased. The behavior of dominant monkeys was relatively unaffected, except at the highest dose when autonomic distress was also evident. The frequency of walking bouts by both dominant and subordinate monkeys was increased by amphetamine (0.1-0.6 mg/kg, IM), and the social behavior of dominant monkeys was disrupted by drug treatment. Naltrexone (0.1 mg/kg, IM) significantly antagonized amphetamine's effects on motor behavior, and enhanced or did not affect amphetamine's effects on social behavior. In a second study, the interaction of amphetamine (0.63-10.0 mg/kg, IP) and naltrexone (0.1-10.0 mg/kg, IP) on the behavior of resident male mice during confrontations with a male intruder was studied. Naltrexone selectively reduced the frequency of attack at the highest dose tested. Amphetamine increased locomotor activity and decreased attack and threat behavior in resident mice. A low dose of naltrexone (1.0 mg/kg, IP) blocked amphetamine's effects on locomotion and enhanced the disruption of aggressive behavior. The amphetamine-naltrexone interaction on locomotor activity in mice and monkeys is consistent with opioid receptor modulation of dopamine mediated functions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3149773 TI - The role of dopamine in the facilitatory effect of angiotensin II on impaired learning in rats chronically treated with ethanol. AB - Rats with impaired active avoidance induced by chronic (9 weeks) administration of ethanol were studied. Angiotensin II (ANG II) administered (ICV, 2.0 micrograms) 12 h after the withdrawal of the alcohol not only neutralized the toxic effect of ethanol but also improved learning. When administered on the 5th day after ethanol withdrawal, the effect of ANG II was weaker. Tests of stereotypy and catalepsy were used to study the possible role of the dopaminergic system in this action of ANG II. It was shown that both chronic alcohol treatment and ANG II alone increased apomorphine (1 mg/kg) and amphetamine (7.5 mg/kg) stereotypy but the effects of ANG II were greater. ANG II did not change the stereotypy induced by amphetamine but increased the stereotypy induced by apomorphine in the group of animals chronically treated with alcohol. Haloperidol induced catalepsy was reduced in these rats. ANG II alone intensified catalepsy and eliminated the effect of ethanol. Both ANG II and alcohol increased striatal dopamine (DA) concentration. This effect of ANG II was significantly greater in the animals chronically treated with alcohol. The above changes were not observed after the DA level had been reduced by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (250 mg/kg), nor were changes observed in the striatal DOPAC. The results suggest involvement of the central dopaminergic system in the effect of ANG II on the ethanol-induced impairment of acquisition of active avoidance but, however, the results of the biochemical determinations of DA turnover do not provide an explanation of these changes. PMID- 3149775 TI - Anatomical analysis of the involvement of mesolimbocortical dopamine in the locomotor stimulant actions of d-amphetamine and apomorphine. AB - Lesion studies employing 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) suggest that locomotor hyperactivity induced by certain stimulant drugs is dependent on dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NACC). However, studies to date have not adequately controlled for the reported effects of 6-OHDA on baseline (non drug) activity and on DA levels in other terminal regions. Slow bilateral infusions of 6-OHDA into the NACC, but not into olfactory tubercle (OT) or medial prefrontal cortex (mPFCx), reduced d-amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg SC) hyperactivity and resulted in a "supersensitive" (hyperactive) response to a low dose of apomorphine (0.1 mg/kg SC) in photocell cages. Direct observation revealed no behavioral changes in OT lesioned rats challenged with apomorphine which might correspond to a "denervation supersensitivity" syndrome. Assays of DA and 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in mPFCx, OT, NACC, and caudate-putamen revealed that 6 OHDA infusion into NACC caused substantial DA loss in NACC, OT and mPFCx, whereas infusion at mPFCx or OT sites depleted DA locally (greater than 85% loss) with little or no remote change. Concentrations of 5-HT were little altered by 6-OHDA, except for a local depletion in mPFCx. The present results confirm the importance of nucleus accumbens DA in the expression of locomotor stimulation induced by apomorphine and d-amphetamine, and suggest that the mPFCx and OT do not make an important contribution. PMID- 3149774 TI - Post-training administration of GABAergic antagonists enhances retention of aversively motivated tasks. AB - The effect of sub-convulsive doses of GABAergic antagonists on the retention of two aversively motivated tasks, inhibitory avoidance (IA) and Y-maze discrimination (YMD), was investigated in CFW mice. In the IA task, post-training intraperitoneal injections of picrotoxin and bicuculline induced a dose-dependent enhancement of retention measured 24 h after the training, while retention was not affected by bicuculline methiodide (a GABA receptor antagonist that does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier). In the absence of footshock on the training day, post-training administration of picrotoxin and bicuculline did not affect retention test latencies. In the YMD task, the discrimination was reversed on the retention test and errors made on the reversal trials served as the index of retention of the original training. The reversal error scores of mice given post-training injections of picrotoxin or bicuculline, but not bicuculline methiodide, were significantly higher than those of saline-treated controls. These findings extend previous observations that GABAergic antagonists enhance retention of aversively motivated tasks and suggest the involvement of central GABAergic processes on memory consolidation. PMID- 3149776 TI - Behavioral interactions of fluoxetine and other 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors with ethanol in tests of anxiety, locomotion and exploration. AB - The 5HT uptake inhibitor fluoxetine had no effect on motor activity or directed exploration (head-dipping) in a holeboard test or in an elevated plusmaze test of anxiety. Fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) attenuated the anxiolytic effect of a 2.4 g/kg dose of ethanol in the plusmaze but failed to alter ethanol's effects on exploratory head-dipping or locomotion. This interaction did not seem directly related to fluoxetine's 5HT uptake inhibiting properties because it was not observed with other 5HT uptake inhibitors (fluvoxamine and citalopram). Desipramine, which predominantly inhibits noradrenaline uptake, also failed to show effects similar to those of fluoxetine. PMID- 3149777 TI - Fentanyl-induced conditional place preference: lack of associated conditional neurochemical events. AB - Three experiments were performed to determine if stimuli previously paired with the reinforcing effects of fentanyl elicit changes in the activity of dopaminergic neurons that are similar to the unconditional effects of the drug. Experiment 1 characterized the unconditional effects of fentanyl (0.04 mg/kg SC) on neurochemical indices of dopaminergic activity in rats. Both acute and repeated fentanyl injections (five injections administered at 48-h intervals) increased the concentrations of the dopamine metabolites 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) within the striatum (STR), nucleus accumbens (NAS), and olfactory tubercle (OT). Acute injections elicited a greater increase in metabolite concentrations in the NAS than in the STR, suggesting that there are regional differences in the sensitivity of dopaminergic neurons to fentanyl. In experiments 2 and 3, fentanyl (five injections; 0.04 mg/kg SC) was paired with environmental stimuli using a place preference conditioning paradigm. The fentanyl-paired stimuli failed to elicit conditional changes in DOPAC or HVA concentrations within the STR, NAS, or OT even though rats exhibited a preference for the drug-paired compartment of the shuttle box. These results indicate that the secondary reinforcing effects of stimuli previously paired with fentanyl may not reflect the ability of these stimuli to elicit measurable changes in the activity of mesolimbic or nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. PMID- 3149778 TI - Low dose scopolamine affects discriminability but not rate of forgetting in delayed conditional discrimination. AB - The effect of scopolamine on remembering was examined in a delayed conditional discrimination procedure with rats. Remembering was quantified by a negative exponential function fitted to estimates of discriminability derived from a signal detection type of analysis. This function had two parameters: a measure of initial discriminability of the sample stimuli in the absence of a memory requirement (at zero delay) and a measure of rate of forgetting. Eight rats were trained on an auditory delayed conditional discrimination task until they were showing stable performance. Each rat then received doses of 0, 0.005, 0.014, 0.042, 0.125 and 0.375 mg/kg scopolamine IP in a saline vehicle. There was a highly significant, largely linear, decrease in initial discriminability. This was obvious even at the lowest dose of scopolamine. Poorer memory, as demonstrated by an increase in b, was only apparent at the highest dose. Significant changes in per cent of correct responses were also only obtained at higher doses. These results show that initial discriminability and rate of forgetting are pharmacologically as well as theoretically independent. They suggest that the measure of initial discriminability used here is a particularly sensitive measure of at least some types of cholinergic dysfunction; and they also suggest that effects of scopolamine in other working memory tasks could be more a result of changed stimulus processing than of impairment of memorial processes. PMID- 3149779 TI - Response variability of ethanol-induced locomotor activation in mice. AB - Mice from a randomly bred strain were divided into two groups according to their locomotor responses to ethanol (0.8-3.0 g/kg): in two thirds of the tested animals ethanol increased locomotor activity (ethanol activated-EA), whereas in the remaining one third it did not (ethanol non-activated-ENA). Both groups did not differ in their locomotor activity after saline administration. Furthermore, EA and ENA mice presented a similar increase in locomotor activity after challenge with 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine. Chronic exposure to ethanol increased the ethanol-induced locomotor activation in both EA and ENA groups. The possibility that the lack of responsiveness of ENA mice to ethanol's acute activating effect could be due to a higher sensitivity to the depressant effect of ethanol is discussed. PMID- 3149781 TI - Behavioral "properties" of drugs. PMID- 3149780 TI - DSP4 and Herrnstein's equation: further evidence for a role of noradrenaline in the maintenance of operant behaviour by positive reinforcement. AB - The effect of the selective noradrenaline neurotoxin DSP4 on steady-state operant behaviour was examined using a quantitative behavioural paradigm based on Herrnstein's (1970) equation, which defines a hyperbolic relationship between steady-state response rate and reinforcement frequency in variable-interval schedules. Eleven rats received injections of DSP4 (two doses of 50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), and 12 rats received injections of the vehicle alone. The rats were trained to steady state in a series of six variable-interval schedules of sucrose reinforcement, affording scheduled reinforcement frequencies of 4-360 reinforcers per hour. Herrnstein's equation was fitted to the data obtained from each rat and to the averaged data obtained from the two groups. The value of KH (the parameter expressing the reinforcement frequency needed to maintain the half maximal response rate) was higher in the DSP4-treated rats than in the control rats; the value of Rmax (the parameter expressing the maximum response rate) did not differ significantly between the two groups. At the end of the behavioural experiment the rats were sacrificed for determination of the concentrations of catecholamines in the brain by high-performance liquid chromatography. The levels of noradrenaline in the parietal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of the DSP4 treated rats were less than 20% of those of the control rats. The results provide further evidence that central noradrenergic neurones are involved in the maintenance of operant behaviour by positive reinforcement. PMID- 3149783 TI - Functional evidence for PCP-like effects of the anti-stroke candidate MK-801. AB - MK-801 is an indirect antagonist of the NMDA excitatory amino acid receptor which is being considered for possible clinical development for treatment of epilepsy and stroke. MK-801 was evaluated for its effects on regional brain energy metabolism by means of Sokoloff's 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiography method. MK-801 produced dramatic alterations in regional energy metabolism, exciting Papez circuit and dopaminergic structures most intensely. The pattern of metabolic alterations was virtually indistinguishable from that previously described for the psychotomimetic drug of abuse, phencyclidine (PCP). It is concluded that MK-801 is at risk for possibly producing PCP-like psychotomimetic effects. PMID- 3149782 TI - Does treatment with haloperidol for 3 weeks produce depolarization block in midbrain dopamine neurons of unanaesthetized rats? AB - Treatment of rats with haloperidol, 0.5 mg/kg SC daily for 3 weeks, did not increase the concentration of dopamine in the dopamine-rich nuclei of the forebrain apart from a small effect in the olfactory tubercle. Cessation of the nerve impulse flow in the ascending dopamine neurons induced by gamma butyrolactone caused an approximately twofold increase in the dopamine levels of both haloperidol-treated and control rats. The results are hard to reconcile with the notion of haloperidol-induced depolarization block, i.e., cessation of impulse flow in the majority of midbrain dopamine neurons of unanaesthetized rats. PMID- 3149785 TI - IgA lambda monoclonal gammopathy with Bence Jones proteinuria and intestinal plasmacytoma in a renal transplant recipient. PMID- 3149786 TI - [Estimation of the cost benefit relation of a program of early detection of congenital hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3149784 TI - Smoking and performance--a puff-by-puff analysis. AB - A new version of the Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP) task has been developed in this laboratory to examine the effects of each puff from a cigarette upon continuous performance. Two cigarettes were tested and compared with a not smoking and a sham-smoking control. The results show improvements resulting from just two puffs both in terms of correct detections and reaction times. Both measures of performance were maintained at a higher level during and after smoking, compared with not-smoking and sham-smoking. PMID- 3149787 TI - [Septicemia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: apropos of a case of autoinoculation in an attempted suicide]. PMID- 3149788 TI - [Branhamella catarrhalis and bronchopulmonary infection]. PMID- 3149789 TI - [Indirect hemagglutination technic. Its use in studies on the course of schistosomiasis disease. Preliminary work]. PMID- 3149790 TI - Effect of continuous low-dose gamma-irradiation on rat Sertoli cell function. AB - Continuous low-dose gamma-irradiation of mature rats induced a progressive degeneration of the germ cells. Blood FSH increased by 127, 176 and 214%, respectively, after 55, 70 and 85 days of treatment when compared to FSH levels in control rats (8.50 +/- 0.60 ng/ml); conversely, serum LH and testosterone levels were unchanged. The Sertoli cell function was affected by the treatment from 70 days on, as attested by androgen binding protein (ABP) and transferrin secretions which diminished 35-40%. Serum ABP levels were not altered, whatever the duration of irradiation, even though epididymal ABP contents (as well as concentrations) diminished 34-60% when compared to those of the controls. Moreover, in purified Leydig cells, LH-stimulated intracellular cAMP levels, which were decreased by seminiferous tubule medium (STM) from control rats, were enhanced in presence of STM from treated animals. Testosterone output was stimulated 9-fold in presence of oLH and further increased (46-76%) from stages XIV-V by STM prepared from control and irradiated rats, respectively. After 85 days the STM effects on both cAMP and testosterone syntheses were zero. These results demonstrate a probable alteration of Sertoli cell function after irradiation, but also a role of the germ cells in the regulation of the synthesis of ABP, transferrin and Sertoli cell paracrine factors. PMID- 3149791 TI - Electrophysiological studies of the action of gonadotropins on Leydig and Sertoli cells from rat testis. AB - Using intracellular microelectrode recordings, it was observed that FSH caused the hyperpolarization of cultured Sertoli cells from the testis of 17-day old rats; this hyperpolarization was related to the activation of a Na/K pump and an increase in Na/Ca influx and K efflux. The effect was irreversible and mediated by cAMP. Some other results suggested an initial effect of FSH on the junctional complex between the Sertoli cells and then its calcium dependence. Voltage clamped membrane currents were investigated from whole-cell patch clamp recordings performed on single Leydig cells isolated from adult rat testis. Two outward currents were evoked by depolarizing voltage steps: a potassium current recorded in cells dialyzed with low-calcium media (10(-9)-10(-8) M) and a chloride current recorded in cells dialyzed with high-calcium media (10(-7)-10( 6) M). These responses to modifications of intracellular calcium were not affected by hCG. However, this hormone induced an early change of the K current to a Cl current when the cells were dialyzed by a low-buffered EGTA-calcium medium. These results suggest that hCG stimulation involved the blockade of a potassium current and the activation of a chloride current through an increase of intracellular calcium. PMID- 3149792 TI - Nutritional evaluation of a lactose-hydrolyzed milk-based enteral formula diet: II. Energy, nitrogen and mineral bioavailabillity. PMID- 3149793 TI - [Quantification of the total and available lysine and tryptophan in corn endosperm]. PMID- 3149794 TI - [In vivo and in vitro susceptibility of Trypanosoma cruzi to ketoconazole]. PMID- 3149795 TI - [HLA antigens in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy: evidence favoring genetic protection against this disease]. PMID- 3149796 TI - [Simultaneous infection by various species of Salmonella in a family group]. PMID- 3149798 TI - [Assisted and controlled enteral feeding, a necessity for the hospitalized patient]. PMID- 3149797 TI - [Controlled nutritional support in hospitalized patients]. PMID- 3149799 TI - [Endoscopic placement of feeding tubes in patients with obstruction or fistula of the upper digestive tract]. PMID- 3149800 TI - Plasma fibronectin level in patients with connective tissue diseases. AB - The level of plasma fibronectin (Fn) was studied in 40 patients with connective tissue diseases. Fn concentration was found increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (mean +/- SE, 560 +/- 30 micrograms/ml, p less than 0.01) decreased in patients with mixed connective tissue disease (337 +/- 12 micrograms/ml, p less than 0.05) and was not significantly different from controls in systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, polymyositis. The value of plasma Fn level was found increased in active diseases and decreased in the cases, with presence of cryoprecipitates. The factors which might influence the level of plasma Fn and the possibility of using the changes of Fn concentration in the estimation of the evolution of connective tissue diseases are discussed. PMID- 3149801 TI - Nuclear deformity of hepatocytes in acute viral hepatitis. AB - Nuclear deformity of hepatocytes was measured using two parameters, the form factor and the axial ratio, in liver biopsy specimens from 29 patients with acute viral hepatitis (AVH). Another 13 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) were added as control. Nuclear deformity of hepatocytes was morphometrically confirmed to increase in AVH compared to that in CPH. This was related to the regeneration of hepatocytes. PMID- 3149802 TI - Toxins contained in Microcystis species of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). AB - Cyclic peptide toxins were analyzed for three Microcystis species (M. aeruginosa, M. viridis and M. wesenbergii) using an ODS-silica gel cartridge and high performance liquid chromatography with ODS-silica gel. On strain of M. aeruginosa contained a high amount of microcystin (cyanoginosin) YR and a lesser amount of LR. Three toxins, microcystin-RR, -YR and -LR, were detected in two strains of M. aeruginosa and four of M. viridis. The main component of the toxins of these strains was microcystin-RR. M. wesenbergii showed no peak in the area where the three toxins were obtained in other Microcytisis species by HPLC analysis. LD50 values of the purified toxins of YR and LR were similar, while a lower toxicity was estimated for RR. This explains the relatively weak toxicity of M. viridis whose main component is microcystin-RR. PMID- 3149803 TI - Naming of cyclic heptapeptide toxins of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). PMID- 3149804 TI - Elucidation of methanogenesis seems well on its way. PMID- 3149805 TI - Non-cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrases. PMID- 3149806 TI - The molecular basis of hemophilia A in man. PMID- 3149807 TI - Seizure-inducible c-fos protein(s) in mammalian neurons. PMID- 3149808 TI - Is the anticonvulsant mechanism of valproate linked to its interaction with the cerebral gamma-hydroxybutyrate system? PMID- 3149809 TI - [Factors regulating the differentiation of somatic cells of mammalian ovarian follicles]. AB - Experimental data on regulation of the cytodifferentiation of theca and the granulosa cells in mammalian ovaries are reviewed, in addition to mechanisms of cooperative interactions of these cell types in steroidogenesis. Evidence is provided on the gonadotropin induced differentiation in the cultured ovarian somatic cells, and on a modifying effect exerted on this process by some central (prolactin, LH-RH, etc.) or local factors (steroids, growth factors, low molecular fraction of follicular fluid, etc.). A possible physiological importance of endocrine and also of auto- and paracrine regulators of differentiation in growth processes and selection of the dominant follicle in the mammalian ovaries is discussed. PMID- 3149810 TI - [Development of the cyst-forming coccidian Sarcocystis muris in the body of its intermediate host]. AB - On examining the cyst merogony of S. muris, two patterns of development were established. The one occurs in young cysts where metrocytes underwent endopolygeny, giving rise to the intermediate cells. No dividing metrocytes were seen in the older cysts. Unlike, metrocyte differentiation was observed in these from 1, 2 and 3 step metrocytes to the intermediate cell state, which is the other pattern of development. An original scheme of development within the cysts of S. muris is proposed. PMID- 3149811 TI - [Mitomycin C induced structural changes in heterochromatic regions of human chromosomes 1, 9, 16 and Y]. AB - Aberrations and variations in the heterochromatic blocks of chromosomes 1, 9, 16 and Y were found under the influence of mitomycin C in cultured lymphocytes of peripheral human blood. Lymphocytes were cultured during 96 hours, mitomycin C in final concentration of 0.3 mkg/ml was present in the culture during the latest 24 hours of culturing. Different changes in the heterochromatic regions of chromosomes were found in approximately 30% of cells: in 6.3% of cells mitotic chiasmata were indicated. In 9.5% of cells isolocus breaks were observed in heterochromatic region of chromosome 1 in segment 1q11. In the latter case this may be a fragile site detected under the influence of mitomycin C on the lymphocytes. PMID- 3149812 TI - Effects of trypanocides on Herpetosoma in a mammalian feeder layer cell culture. AB - Limited studies have been undertaken on the treatment of infections with trypanosomes of the subgenus Herpetosoma, either in comparative studies on the effects of trypanocidal drugs or as potential non-pathogenic models for evaluating trypanocidal activities. The development of an in vitro cell culture system is described which enabled testing of trypanocides against 5 different species of Herpetosoma. The trypanocides used were Samorin, Novidium, Trypacide and Berenil. Variations were observed in the trypanocidal activity of the drugs on the different Herpetosoma parasites, e.g. T. lewisi and Samorin and T. microti and Novidium, compared with other parasites. Minimum effective concentration of Trypacide and Berenil against 5 Herpetosoma trypanosomes were of the order 10 mg ml-1. The results indicate that these parasites are much less sensitive to the drugs used than pathogenic, salivarian trypanosomes. PMID- 3149813 TI - The removal of zinc from the mouse by polyamincarboxylic acids (CDTA and DTPA) following semichronic zinc ingestion. AB - Effects of ip treatment with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid (CDTA) on the zinc (Zn) excretion and Zn levels in selected mouse organs and tissues were assessed after mice were offered deionized water containing zinc acetate dihydrate (108 mg/kg/day) as the sole drinking fluid for 4 weeks. Following this period, the Zn-containing water was replaced by tap water and therapy with DTPA or CDTA was initiated. The animals received 6 injections of chelators or 0.9% saline (control group) on alternate days for 2 weeks of treatment. The dose of chelating agents was approximately equal to 1/4 of their respective ip LD50 values. Mice were housed in metabolic cages, and urine and feces were collected 24 hr after the first, fourth and sixth administration of the chelators. Six animals in each group were sacrificed at the same days. Although feces was the predominant route of elimination for Zn, only DTPA significantly increased the fecal excretion of Zn after the first administration of chelator. Treatment with DTPA or CDTA resulted in a significant decrease in the concentration of Zn in brain, spleen, and heart after the first injection. DTPA was consistently the most effective in increasing the urinary and fecal excretion of Zn and reducing the concentration of the metal found in various tissues. CDTA would be considered as a possible alternative. PMID- 3149814 TI - Recurrent lead poisoning in a child with immobilization osteoporosis. AB - Lead poisoning associated with progressive osteoporosis in patients who have been previously lead poisoned has been described but poorly documented. We managed a 4 year-old child with a prior history of plumbism who developed recurrent blood lead elevations (as high as 70 mcg/dl), requiring multiple courses of EDTA, after acute paraplegia from transverse myelitis. The patient was hospitalized throughout these periods of chelation. No exogenous sources of lead were found. Calcium, phosphate, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone levels remained normal while vitamin D levels were depressed. Metabolic studies revealed negative calcium balance with an elevated urinary calcium:creatinine ratio. Long-bone radiographs were remarkable for progressive osteoporosis with no evidence of metallic foreign bodies. This case illustrates that bone, the major repository of lead, can become a source of significant lead level elevations in conditions associated with accelerated resorption. PMID- 3149815 TI - Chemistry set chemicals: an evaluation of their toxic potential. AB - KM, a 14-year-old female packed 3 empty Sudafed SA capsules with 3 parts sodium chloride and 1 part cobalt chloride obtained from her brother's chemistry set. Following this, she ingested all 3 capsules. While the child had an uneventful hospital course, cobalt serum levels drawn 12 and 22 hr post-ingestion were measured at 7.8 micrograms/dL and 0.7 micrograms/dL, respectively. Due to the limited amount of data on the toxicity of cobalt chloride and the nature of the exposure, the case prompted a review of the potential toxicity of chemistry set chemicals available to consumers. The contents of 3 chemistry sets were evaluated. Each contained either 28, 14, or 9 chemicals. A total of 38 different chemicals were weighted and evaluated to determine whether the amount contained represented a potentially toxic or lethal dose to a 2-year-old, 12 kg child. Fifty-three percent of the chemicals evaluated contained quantities sufficient to result in toxicity. Thirteen percent of chemicals contained potentially lethal quantities, while 18% were considered non-toxic. Sixteen percent of the chemicals could not be evaluated due to lack of data in the literature. Only one chemistry set utilized child resistant closures. However, 65% of all potentially toxic chemicals and 100% of potentially lethal chemicals had appropriate first aid instructions. PMID- 3149816 TI - [Problems of nutrition in neoplasms of the digestive system]. PMID- 3149817 TI - [Value of transdermal nitroglycerin in the treatment of patients with stable angina pectoris and its effect on selected hemodynamic parameters]. PMID- 3149818 TI - [Effectiveness of the treatment of serologic incompatibility by plasmapheresis]. PMID- 3149819 TI - Emergency department thoracotomy following injury: critical determinants for patient salvage. PMID- 3149820 TI - Endogenous substrates for UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. AB - 1. Multiple forms of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGTs) have been demonstrated in the livers of all mammalian species that have been studied. Rat liver possesses at least eight different isozymes and human liver has at least five different forms which have been identified. 2. Endogenous substrates (e.g., steroids) are helpful in distinguishing UDPGTs as they generally react with only a single form, whereas xenobiotic substrates (e.g., 4-methyl-umbelliferone, p nitrophenol) react with several forms of the enzyme. 3. Human liver UDPGTs differ in physical properties and substrate specificity from these enzymes obtained from laboratory animals. Hence, it is necessary to study human liver UDPGTs to elucidate substrate specificity and to understand drug-endogenous substrate interaction in humans. PMID- 3149821 TI - Age- and sex-related changes in the components of the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system in Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - 1. A study of the sex- and age- (4 to 103 weeks) related changes in liver microsomal mixed-function oxidase components of Sprague-Dawley rats, showed that total cytochrome P-450 ranged from 12.0 to 34.0 nmol/g, peaking between weeks 26 and 39; males had higher levels than females at weeks 4 to 51. Cytochrome b5 ranged from 5.0 to 15.0 nmol/g with inconsistent age- and sex-related differences. 2. NADPH:cytochrome C reductase ranged from 2.6 to 4.8 mumol/min per g, with maximal activity at week 39; males had greater activity at weeks 12 to 78. NADH:cytochrome C reductase ranged from 5.2 to 26.9 mumol/min per g, peaking between weeks 51 and 78; females had greater activity at weeks 12 to 51. 3. This age- and sex-related pattern of changes in these components is specific to the Sprague-Dawley strain. There are slight but significant differences between sexes only in rats less than 1 year old. There was no significant correlation between rates of p-nitroanisole or aniline metabolism and cytochrome P-450 concentrations. PMID- 3149822 TI - Age- and sex-related changes in epoxide hydrolase, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase, glutathione S-transferase, and PAPS sulphotransferase in Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - 1. Age- and sex-related patterns in the activity of hepatic phase 2 conjugating enzymes have been studied in Sprague-Dawley (CD) rats. 2. Epoxide hydrolase activity with styrene oxide ranged from 75 to 346 nmol/min per g and increased with age in males, peaking at week 78. In females, activity remained constant, about 80 nmol/min per g. 3. UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activity with p nitrophenol ranged from 480 to 1050 nmol/min per g; maximal activity was at week 39. Males had greater activity at weeks 12 to 39. Activity with chloramphenicol ranged from 3.8 to 10.3 nmol/min per g with no consistent age or sex relationship. 4. Glutathione S-transferase ranged from 9.5 to 23.6 mumol/min per g with p-nitrobenzyl chloride and from 29.1 to 66.8 mumol/min per g with 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene, peaking at week 51 with both substrates. Males had greater activity from weeks 12 to 78. 5. Reduced glutathione varied between 3.2 and 6.5 mumol/g, with males tending to have higher concentrations than females and older rats (greater than 39 weeks) having slightly lower concentrations. 6. PAPS sulphotransferase ranged from 190 to 338 nmol/min per g, with maximal activity at week 78 with no consistent sex-related differences. PMID- 3149823 TI - Metabolism of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene by different types of cells in the human ovary. AB - 1. The metabolism of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) by primary cultures of human ovarian cells has been studied to identify the cell type(s) responsible for biotransformation of this carcinogen. The rate of DMBA metabolism was maximal in granulosa cells prestimulated in vivo with antiestrogen, hMG (human menopausal gonadotropin) and hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), i.e., treatments required for maximal oocyte maturation and, thus, granulosa cell proliferation. In cells from unstimulated ovaries, the metabolism was maximal in granulosa-lutein cells isolated from corpus luteum. 2. Steroid (progesterone and estradiol) levels were determined in the spent culture media or in media in parallel with DMBA metabolism to find out whether elevated steroid levels in vivo are required for the rapid metabolism of DMBA. In granulosa cell cultures from stimulated cycles, the concentrations of both progesterone and estradiol were at least 2 or 3 times higher, respectively, than in any of the other cell types tested. In cell cultures derived from unstimulated ovaries, the progesterone and estradiol concentrations were highest in granulosa-lutein cell cultures. 3. Incubations of granulosa cells with DMBA in the absence or presence of gonadotropins, testosterone or anti--hCG were performed to investigate possible hormonal requirements for the cytochrome P-450 system(s) which metabolize DMBA. No change in the rate of metabolism was obtained with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), hCG or testosterone. However, anti-hCG increased this activity about 70%, indicating a negative modulatory role of hCG on DMBA mono oxygenase activity in human granulosa cells. 4. DMBA mono-oxygenase activity in cell cultures was inhibited about 95% by alpha-naphthoflavone (ANF), an inhibitor of certain cytochrome P-450-catalysed activities. Benzo(a)pyrene (BP) was metabolized at the same rate as DMBA in granulosa cell cultures. PMID- 3149824 TI - Hydroperoxide-dependent metabolism of goitrogenic thiocarbamides by lactoperoxidase. AB - 1. Inhibition of lactoperoxidase by thiocarbamides is consistent with a suicide mechanism whereby enzyme-catalysed S-oxygenation produces reactive intermediates which covalently modify the active site haem. 2. The reaction of thiocarbamide goitrogens with lactoperoxidase in the presence of hydroperoxides results in time dependent and irreversible enzyme inactivation and an altered visible spectrum of the haem prosthetic group of the inactivated enzyme. 3. A mechanism of S oxygenation for the inactivation is suggested by lactoperoxidase-catalysed formation of stable S-oxides from thioamide and organosulphur functional groups, and by a common dependence of substrate and inhibitor binding constants on their electrochemical oxidation potentials. 4. Hydroperoxide-dependent inactivation of lactoperoxidase by benzimidazoline-2-thiones occurs concomitantly to the covalent binding of stoichiometric amounts of 14C- or 35S-labelled inhibitors per mole of enzyme, and the formation of turnover products derived from the hydroperoxide cosubstrate and inhibitor. PMID- 3149825 TI - [Effect of insulin therapy on lipoprotein concentrations in secondary sulfonylurea treatment failures in menopause]. AB - The insulinization of sulfonylurea secondary failures in the menopause without essential overweight (n = 25) on an average already in the first week of treatment led to an increase of the HDL-cholesterol and to clear reductions of the triglycerides and of the atherosclerosis risk index total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol. When a higher dose of insulin was given and in a comparable condition of glycaemia these changes continued to increase up to the 6th week of treatment, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol decreased. Sulfonylurea secondary failures in the menopause which were euglycaemic after a 6-week insulin therapy (n = 20) revealed at this date a higher HDL-cholesterol, lower triglycerides and a more favourable quotient total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol as well as a shorter duration of diabetes than the female patients with more unfavourable condition of glycaemia (n = 20). Already before the induction of the insulin therapy the later on euglycaemic female patients showed an on an average lower triglyceride level than the comparative group. The reductions of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides after insulinization did not significantly differ between the two groups. On the other hand, the decrease of the quotient total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol was significantly more distinctly characterized in the female diabetics who had become euglycaemic after a 6-week insulin therapy on account of an increase of HDL-cholesterol which is to be registered only in these patients. In sulfonylurea secondary failures in the menopause without essential overweight insulinization leads to an improvement of the lipoprotein profile, particularly when a euglycaemic metabolic conduction is achieved. PMID- 3149826 TI - [One point determination of oral caffeine clearance in patients with liver diseases]. AB - Caffeine clearance has been determined in 117 volunteers and patients (including 27 patients with liver cirrhosis) after oral application of 366.1 mg caffeine according to conventional pharmacokinetic methods (Cl = D/AUC). The resulting clearance values can be estimated with adequate accuracy from the plasma concentration at 12h for a concentration range of 2.0 to 6.5 mg/l according to Cl max = Doses/C 12h x t 12h x e and for concentrations higher than 6.5 mg/l according to Cl = Vd x (1n (D/Vd) - 1n C 12h/t 12h Vd is estimated from body weight as Vd = 0.42 x BW. "One - point" - estimation does not provide reliable data for plasma concentrations below 2.0 mg/l. PMID- 3149827 TI - [Omeprazole long-term therapy: how great is the risk of developing a carcinoid tumor?]. PMID- 3149828 TI - Studies on malabsorption in malnourished Pakistani children. AB - Malnutrition is a common finding in Pakistan especially in children of low socio economic class. Impairment of digestion and absorption makes the diet inefficient at fulfilling the requirements of the child and leads to malnutrition. Earlier work from this laboratory has shown that feeding a high-protein diet to children suffering from protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) did not improve their condition. In the present study forty-two malnourished children and seventeen control subjects were investigated. They were divided into five groups, i.e. fibrocystic disease of the pancreas (n = 9), coeliac disease (n = 17), lactose intolerance (n = 5), PEM (n = 5) and nonspecific diarrhoea (n = 6) on the basis of history, clinical impression and biochemical findings. They were from 6 months to 12 years of age. The majority of them were suffering from diarrhoea, distension of the abdomen and retardation of growth. All children were physically examined and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Changes in hair in the form of sparseness, dyspigmentation and easy pluckability were observed in all groups. In PEM, 80% of the cases had enlarged livers. All children had reduced weight and height as compared with the control group. Haemoglobin, total protein and serum albumin showed a decrease and the fall was greatest in PEM cases as compared with the control group. The excretion of alpha-amino nitrogen increased in PEM children while hydroxyproline and creatinine levels showed a decrease as compared with the control group. The hydroxyproline index, which signifies the growth rate, was also significantly lower in all groups. Xylose and lactose tolerance tests were performed after an oral dose of xylose or lactose respectively. The xylose concentration after the test dose was reduced with the lowest values in the coeliac disease group as compared with the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3149829 TI - Japanese encephalitis virus live-attenuated vaccine, Chinese strain SA14-14-2; adaptation to primary canine kidney cell cultures and preparation of a vaccine for human use. AB - The Japanese encephalitis (JE) live-attenuated vaccine virus clone SA14-14-2 was adapted to grow in primary canine kidney (PCK) cell culture, and vaccine seeds and a first lot of vaccine were prepared in these cells. Characterization of the PCK-grown virus by various laboratory and animal tests indicated that passage in PCK did not result in detectable phenotypic or genome changes for this virus clone. Markers of attenuation included small plaque size, lack of intracerebral virulence for weanling mice, minimal neurovirulence for rhesus monkeys and a distinct nucleotide pattern compared to the parent SA14 non-attenuated virus. In addition, the seeds and vaccine were free of any detectable adventitious microbial agents that would render these materials unsafe for human immunization. Small-scale clinical trials of the JE SA14-14-2 PCK vaccine can now proceed to test the human safety of this product. PMID- 3149830 TI - [Effect of methotrexate amplification at the gene level]. PMID- 3149832 TI - [Treatment results and permanent disability following distal forearm fractures: experiences of the SUVA (Swiss Accident Insurance Institute)]. PMID- 3149833 TI - [Classification of distal forearm fractures]. PMID- 3149831 TI - [Preclinical care of accident victims--is it optimal?]. PMID- 3149835 TI - [Indications for the external fixator in wrist fractures]. PMID- 3149836 TI - [The current role of osteosynthesis in wrist fractures]. PMID- 3149834 TI - [Distal forearm fractures: general guidelines, diagnosis, anesthesia, therapy and rehabilitation]. PMID- 3149837 TI - [Fractures of the distal end of the radius in children]. PMID- 3149838 TI - [Characteristics of the serologic antibacterial response of patients with diphtheria and of bacterial carriers]. AB - The enzyme immunoassay system for the detection of specific antibacterial antibodies to Corynebacterium diphtheriae membrane protein (mol. wt. 64 KD) has been used. The physicochemical nature of these antibacterial antibodies has been established and their quantitative characteristics have been determined. The analysis of the dynamics of the formation of antimicrobial IgG- and IgM antibodies in diphtheria patients (on days 3-28 of the disease) has shown that by the time of convalescence the antibody level increases about 200-fold (p less than 0.0001). The possibility of using the dynamics of the formation of specific antimicrobial IgM-antibodies for the serodiagnosis of carrier state is shown, even if the increase of the level of antimicrobial IgG-antibodies is insufficient for this purpose (not more than twofold). PMID- 3149839 TI - [The prospects for a study of meningococcal infection caused by serogroup B today]. PMID- 3149840 TI - [Gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acid composition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 3149841 TI - [Production of an diagnostic erythrocyte agent from Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A]. AB - The sensitization of formolized sheep red blood cells with exotoxin A by means of chromium chloride or glutaraldehyde is more effective with respect to their sensitivity in the passive hemagglutination test than loading by means of amidol, tannin and rivanol. The use of chromium chloride decreases the consumption of exotoxin A 2, 8, 16 and 16 times in comparison with the use of amidol, tannin, rivanol or glutaraldehyde respectively. The high specificity of erythrocyte diagnosticum obtained from exotoxin A by means of chromium chloride is indicated in the study of hyperimmune sera to 22 different antigens of enteric bacteria and staphylococci in the passive hemagglutination test and to 10 different enterobacterial and staphylococcal antigens in the antibody neutralization test. PMID- 3149842 TI - [Experience using selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors in treating parkinsonism patients]. AB - MAO B selective inhibitor was given to parkinsonism patients for several months. Positive effect was found in half of the patients irrespective of their age, time of the disease onset and its severity. The drug proved most effective in bradykinesia. Its use is most expedient in combination with L-DOPA-containing drugs which prolong the effect and reduced diurnal shifts in the patients' conditions. Side effects are seldom observed and usually weak. PMID- 3149844 TI - Changes of sensitivity to heat shock during logarithmic growth of Bacillus subtilis. AB - The effect of heat shock on B. subtilis was found to vary within the logarithmic growth phase. Depending on the age of the culture, all cells, or as little as less than 1% of the population, may survive heating for 6 min at 54 degrees C. These characteristic changes in sensitivity to heat shock were observed with B. subtilis grown on various media, as well as with E. coli. The increased sensitivity of B. subtilis to heat shock was observed within a rather narrow time span in the log phase. Preheating at 45 degrees C had a protective effect on the samples collected at the time of greatest heat sensitivity. It is suggested that besides heat shock proteins other factors are also involved in the processes leading to survival after heat shock. PMID- 3149843 TI - [Dynamics of the histamine content and diamine oxidase activity of the blood in patients with ischemic stroke and transient disorders of cerebral blood circulation]. AB - Ninety-four patients with acute impairments of the cerebral circulation (AICC) were studied for the activity of diamine oxidase and histamine levels in the blood. It was found for the first time ever that the activity of diamine oxidase was reduced in the precrisis period and in the first hours of the AICC development, and showed a tendency to rise thereafter. The histamine levels were elevated already in the precrisis period and remained high throughout the acute period of cerebral circulatory impairment. The levels of histamine and activity of diamine oxidase are determined by the previous (occurring several days earlier) impairments of the cerebral circulation. Histamine and diamine oxidase play an active part in the pathogenesis of AICC which is of practical significance in the treatment of not only ischemic stroke but also of transient impairments of the cerebral circulation. PMID- 3149845 TI - Recent advances of immunization in Japan. PMID- 3149846 TI - Immunization system in Japan: its history and present situation. PMID- 3149847 TI - Surveillance of communicable diseases and immunization program. PMID- 3149848 TI - Pertussis vaccines in Japan. PMID- 3149849 TI - Measles and measles vaccine in Japan. PMID- 3149850 TI - Rubella vaccination and congenital rubella syndrome in Japan. PMID- 3149851 TI - Measles mumps rubella (MMR) vaccine in Japan. PMID- 3149852 TI - National project on the prevention of mother-to-infant infection by hepatitis B virus in Japan. PMID- 3149853 TI - Concentrations of zinc, copper, manganese and selenium in blood and urine of patients with prolactinoma. PMID- 3149854 TI - The Murphy-Bowman protocol in the treatment of childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 3149855 TI - Gonadal function in male patients on maintenance hemodialysis, chronic hepatitis B virus carriers. PMID- 3149856 TI - Effect of cadmium on the rat intestine. AB - The effect of cadmium on rat jejunal mucosa was observed after application of CdCl2 doses: acute single (32.5 mg.kg-1) or combined (32.5 + after 24 h 162.5 mg.kg-1) and chronic (250 mg.l-1, daily consumption 10 ml for 3 months). Inhibition of mucosal respiration, measured by a Clark electrode was 44, 50.4 and 38.4% respectively, as related to 100% of controls. Metallothionein was determined in the mucosa for combined and chronic doses. Electron X-ray microanalysis has shown Cd2+ distribution in dependence on pathological changes: greater regressive changes caused smaller Cd2+ retention. In acute experiments Cd2+ penetrate by passive diffusion through foci of damaged villi into the lamina propria. In crypt absorptive cells with preserved alcalic phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase activity and in Paneth cells Cd2+ retention was determined. Combined dose of Cd2+ damaged homeostasis and prevented Cd2+ retention. In chronic experiments occurred a diffuse distribution of Cd2+ in the mucosa. PMID- 3149857 TI - The study of steroid hormones in epithelial ovarian tumours. AB - We examined the estradiol and testosterone content of 13 benign, 5 border-line and 26 malignant epithelial ovarian tumours with the aid of an indirect immunoperoxidase method. While the two hormones were rarely detected in the epithelium of benign tumours, they were frequently present in border-line or malignant tumours. In cases where the intersitial substance of the tumours was coupled to a glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium, estradiol predominance could be demonstrated. In the epithelial cells of malignant tumours of cytological grade 2 of the Broders grading system, which are of the highly differentiated and border-line types, the simultaneous presence of estradiol and testosterone is more frequent (4/5 and 6/9) than in poorly differentiated tumours of grades 3 and 4 (4/17). In the group of grade 2 with better prognosis, the tumour cells also contain estradiol. Similar tendency can be observed in patients with poorly differentiated tumours. Our observations refer to the possible prognostic value of the estradiol content of tumour cells. PMID- 3149858 TI - Development of the autonomic ground plexus in the atrioventricular valves of the rat. AB - The development of the adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the rat atrioventricular valves was studied in whole mount stretch preparations. Specimens obtained from rats ageing 2-30 days were processed for the histofluorescence and enzyme histochemical demonstration of monoamines and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, respectively. Adrenergic and AChE-positive nerve fibres could be detected from the 9-10th postnatal days onwards. Fluorescence microscopy showed the presence of many brightly fluorescent mast cells in the close vicinity of the ingrowing terminals. The presence of mast cells during early stages of development of the ground plexus may be related either to the preneural state of the tissue or the structural and/or functional maturation of the autonomic nerve terminals. PMID- 3149859 TI - Sex cord nests with annular tubules. The incidence of identifying them in normal ovaries. AB - Sections from 588 ovaries removed during various operations and reported as being within normal size limits were reviewed. In seven cases structures with the characteristic appearances of sex cord "tumours" with annular tubules (SCTAT) were found. We called the lesions sex cord nests with annular tubules (SCNAT). Their mean diameter was 0.17 mm. If ovaries were cut in serial sections the probabilities of identifying such lesions should increase very much. PMID- 3149860 TI - Personal microcomputer-aided three-dimensional reconstructions. AB - A fast, cheap and simple method is described which enables three-dimensional reconstructions to be produced from short series of sections. The reconstruction is formed and displayed either as a full line or hidden line diagram or shaded model. It may be rotated, magnified or reduced, all with the aid of a personal microcomputer, peripherals and software, the total cost of which does not exceed several hundreds of US dollars. PMID- 3149861 TI - Pathogenesis of limb and facial malformations induced by pyrimethamine in the rat. AB - The temporal sequence of morphological events resulting in limb and face malformations was studied in pyrimethamine (PY) treated female rats, 30 mg/kg of PY in a 10 ml/kg suspension of 0.9% NaCl were administered i.p. on days 12, 13 and 14 of gestation. Controls received only 0.9% NaCl solution. The females were killed at different stages of gestation (between 14 and 21 days). Early PY treated embryos showed mainly haematomas in the extremities and the mandibulo maxillary areas. During the course of gestation, fewer haematomas and more malformations were observed. At term, malformations were observed in the same localisations where haematomas were previously seen. PMID- 3149862 TI - Competitive mechanisms of basic peptides inducing transganglionic degenerative atrophy. AB - In addition to the classical microtubule inhibitors (antimitotic agents), transganglionic degenerative atrophy of central terminals of primary sensory neurons can be induced also by means of applying to a peripheral nerve basic polypeptides (Polymyxin B and Colimycin) and two basic derivatives of glutamic acid that do not exert any microtubule inhibition. This effect is independent of other pharmacological effects (histamine liberation, Ca2+ -binding, etc.) of the applied compounds, and probably it is based on a competitive reaction with nerve growth factor. PMID- 3149863 TI - The effect of ipriflavone treatment on osteoporosis induced by immobilization. AB - The purpose of these experiments was to study the effect of Ipriflavone (7 isopropoxy-isoflavone) on the osteoporosis induced by immobilization. The immobilization was produced by plaster cast of the right hind limb in young and old rats. Ipriflavone was administered via a gastric tube in a daily dose of 40 mg/kg body weight for 8 weeks. On the basis of histological and histomorphometric examinations of the tibia, results of Ipriflavone treatment are the following: 1) The decrease in the density and volume of spongy trabecules was less apparent in both meta- and diaphysis; 2) The amount of persisting cartilage core and structural rarefication of trabecules were diminished; 3) In the metaphysis osteoblastic activity was considerably enhanced; 4) Bone resorption and cortical thinning were decreased; 5) Bone remodeling was increased subperiosteally and to small extent also endosteally; 6) The treatment did not prevent the development of osteoporosis but significantly diminished it. PMID- 3149865 TI - Benign partial epilepsy with multiple foci. Its characterization among primary partial epilepsies. PMID- 3149864 TI - Cupric ions and DOPA oxidase activity in melanocytes. AB - The inhibition of DOPA oxidase activity by cupric ions has been quantitated in cases of vitiligo showing dendritic and non-dendritic melanocytes at the margins. Cupric sulphate was added to the substrate solution, containing a reacting quantity of 12.12 micrograms of DOPA, to give 42.8 micrograms, 85.6 micrograms, 128.4 micrograms and 171.2 micrograms of cupric ions. Control slides were incubated with DOPA alone as substrate. On cytospectrophotometric analysis it was seen that the initial level of enzyme activity determines the type of inhibition curve. Thus, there is a gradual fall in activity with dendritic melanocytes which have a very high enzyme content, whereas the non-dendritic melanocytes show complete inhibition with one dose. It was observed that 15.75 micrograms of cupric ions were reduced by 12.12 micrograms of DOPA. The enzyme activation by cupreous ions is countered by the enzyme inhibition by cupric ions, the rate of inhibition being determined by the level of cupric ions. PMID- 3149866 TI - Biopsy findings (cerebral cortex, muscle, skin) in Lafora disease. PMID- 3149867 TI - Cathepsin B and D activity in human skeletal muscle in disease states. PMID- 3149868 TI - Endothelial cell function in hemostasis and thrombosis. AB - Endothelial cells play a pivotal role in hemostasis and thrombosis. They produce a myriad of factors either associated with the membrane or released into the blood stream and the subendothelial matrix which are involved in various steps of hemostasis. The endothelial cell function is modulated by a diversified group of biologically active molecules, notably thrombin, vasoactive amines and cytokines. Mechanism and selectivity of the effects of these molecules differ and the difference may have important physiological implications. Most of the information is gathered through experiments performed in cultured endothelial cells. Availability of the cultured cells has greatly facilitated the understanding of endothelial cell biology. In vivo models, however, are still needed to understand how the endothelial cell function is modulated. Furthermore, as the cultured endothelial cells exhibit nor only species differences but also vascular origin difference in behavior and function, these factors should be carefully considered when designing experiments involving the use of cultured endothelial cells. PMID- 3149869 TI - Microcirculatory disturbances in endotoxin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation. The effects of heparin and gabexate mesilate on locomotive and metabolic changes of neutrophils. AB - Neutrophil-mediated oxidative stress on the rat mesenteric microcirculation was studied in the experimental model of endotoxin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) by using an intravital fluorescent technique and luminol dependent chemiluminescence (ChL) analysis. Leukocytes sticking to the venules were visualized by the injection of acridine orange, a fluorochrome tracer which shows high affinity to white cells. Endotoxin (E coli, O-111B4, Difco, USA) was infused intravenously at a dose of 2 mg/kg/hr. After starting the infusion of endotoxin, the number of sticking cells were gradually increased on the venular endothelium followed by a transient neutropenia. In order to investigate the distribution of infused endotoxin in the microvasculature, FITC-labeled endotoxin (Sigma, USA) was used. After administration of FITC-endotoxin, multiple patches of fluorescence along the venular walls were observed, while no fluorescent conjugates were found at the sticking neutrophils and along the arteriolar walls. ChL activities of neutrophils were also dramatically elevated, which may reflect the enhanced ability to generate oxyradical species. To investigate the inhibitory effects of heparin sodium and gabexate mesilate which was a synthetic protease inhibitor on locomotive and metabolic changes of neutrophils induced by endotoxemia, both agents were administered prior to endotoxin infusion. Gabexate mesilate attenuated these changes, but heparin sodium did not show any improving effects. It was concluded that endotoxin primarily affects the venular endothelial cells, resulting in the activation of neutrophils. Gabexate mesilate was more likely to attenuate neutrophil-mediated oxidative stress on microvasculature in endotoxin-induced DIC than heparin sodium. PMID- 3149870 TI - Basement membrane proteins: molecular structure and function. PMID- 3149872 TI - [Echographic criteria for predicting the pregnancy outcome after intrauterine transfusions in rhesus incompatibility]. PMID- 3149871 TI - Differential expression of HLA-DR, HLA-DP, and HLA-DQ antigenic determinants of the major histocompatibility complex in human endometrium. AB - We reported on the expression of HLA-DR molecules of the major histocompatibility complex in human endometrium. We now report on the expression of two other class II molecules, the HLA-DP and HLA-DQ determinants. These molecules were localized by monoclonal antibodies in 11 proliferative and 12 secretory endometria by avidin-biotin-complex (ABC) procedure. The expression of all three molecules was invariable and consistent throughout the entire menstrual cycle in endothelial and lymphoid cells. HLA-DR molecules were expressed in endometrial epithelium, particularly in the basalis in the mid to late proliferative phases of the cycle. In contrast, through the entire menstrual cycle, the expression of HLA-DP and HLA DQ antigenic determinants was absent, and only occasionally a focal expression of these molecules was seen in endometrial epithelium. The in vitro induction of expression of the class II molecules in human endometrial epithelial cell cultures (HEE) by IFN-gamma was dose-dependent. After treatment with low doses of IFN-gamma, these cells primarily expressed HLA-DR molecules in vitro. The differential expression of the molecules of the major histocompatibility complex in human endometrial epithelium in vivo may be due to the differential sensitivity of th epithelium in response to cytokine(s). PMID- 3149873 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of hydrazine, hydrazides, and their mixtures with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. AB - A method has been developed to measure hydrazine, hydrazides, and their mixtures using a modification of the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid method [T. Okuyama and K. Satake (1960) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 47, 654-660]. After incubation of the sample containing hydrazine and hydrazide with trinitrobenzenesulfonate at pH 8.5 at room temperature for 40 min, the reaction mixture was diluted with a Na2CO3 NaHCO3 buffer (0.1 M, pH 10.8) rather than with 0.5 M HCl. Different chromogens were produced from the reaction of hydrazine (lambda max = 570 nm) and hydrazides (lambda max = 385 and 500 nm) with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. The method allowed simultaneous determination of hydrazine (5 to 60 nmol) with hydrazide (10 to 120 nmol) in a mixture with a standard deviation of less than 5%. The presence of amino compounds (except for amino sugars) did not interfere with the measurement of hydrazine or hydrazides. Interference by amino sugars in the determination of hydrazine or hydrazides was eliminated by pretreatment of the sample with NaBH4 to reduce the amino sugars to 2-amino-2-deoxy-hexitols. PMID- 3149874 TI - Direct analysis of glycolipids on thin-layer plates by matrix-assisted secondary ion mass spectrometry: application for glycolipid storage disorders. AB - The lipids accumulated in organs of patients with Gaucher's, Tay-Sachs, and Fabry's disease were identified by means of the combination of thin-layer chromatography and matrix-assisted secondary ion mass spectrometry. The total lipid extract of each lipidosis tissue was chromatographed on a TLC plate and then analyzed directly by mass spectrometry without elution of the sample from the TLC plate. The amount of material needed to obtain an adequate spectrum is in the order of a few micrograms of lipids per band for both positive and negative ion detection. By scanning the plates, mass spectral and chromatographic information can be obtained simultaneously, which was shown to be useful for the qualitative identification of the components on the plates. PMID- 3149875 TI - Micro-method for the measurement of carbonic anhydrase activity in cellular homogenates. AB - The kidney is responsible for the excretion of acid. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity facilitates H+ secretion by catalyzing the buffering by CO2 of cellular generated base. We describe a simple and inexpensive micro-method for the determination of CA activity in monolayers of cultured renal cells using imidazole-Tris buffers. Our method is twice as sensitive as that originally described by Maren and the endpoint is much less affected by other cellular proteins. It can easily determine the CA activity of a monolayer of cells grown to confluence in a 75-cm2 flask. In some cases homogenates giving no detectable activity by Maren's technique had assayable CA activity by the imidazole-Tris method. A smaller reaction system providing a 10-fold reduction in volume (or increase in sensitivity) permits the determination of CA activity in 25-cm2 monolayers and even in microdissected proximal tubular segments totaling less than 5 mm in length. We believe that the regulation of CA activity at the cellular level may be better understood using this more sensitive assay. PMID- 3149876 TI - Real time computer tracking of free-swimming and tethered rotating cells. AB - A computerized image processing system has been developed that tracks individual free-swimming cells and rotating bacterial cell bodies tethered by their flagella in real time. Free-swimming bacteria of Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodospirullum rubrum, and Salmonella typhimurium have been tracked swimming at speeds from 0 to over 120 microns s-1. A high level of discrimination is exerted against noncellular objects, allowing analysis of stopped as well as moving cells. This enabled detection of both speed and qualitative change in the swimming patterns of R. sphaeroides WS8 upon tactic stimulation. Comparison with darkfield microscopy indicated that the two techniques were in substantial agreement. The unidirectional rotation of cells of R. sphaeroides WS8 could be detected when the cells were either parallel to the microscope slide or end on. Frequencies of rotation of up to 10 Hz were monitored before image blurring became a problem. True rods would be easier to analyze at higher speeds of rotation. Although developed for photosynthetic bacteria, a wide range of bacteria, eucaryotic organisms, and subcellular organelles could be tracked with this system. Minor modifications to the software allow customization to different types of motility analysis. PMID- 3149877 TI - Simple and rapid gas chromatographic determination of valproic acid in plasma. PMID- 3149878 TI - [Neonatal meningitis caused by Neisseria subflava]. PMID- 3149879 TI - [Transplantation of the islands of Langerhans. An axis of research for treating diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3149880 TI - Therapeutic strategies for cancer chemotherapy based on metabolic consequences of DNA damage. PMID- 3149881 TI - Use of antiadhesive peptide and swainsonine to inhibit metastasis. PMID- 3149882 TI - Morphofunctional aspects of lipo-melanosome as a model for the organelle phenotype of normal and tumor pigment cells. PMID- 3149883 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Haemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 3149884 TI - Randomized clinical trial of topical mupirocin versus oral erythromycin for impetigo. AB - The safety and efficacy of a new topical antiinfective agent, mupirocin, was compared with that of oral erythromycin ethylsuccinate in the treatment of impetigo in children. Sixty-two children aged 5 months to 13 years with impetigo were assigned to be treated with either mupirocin in three daily applications or erythromycin ethylsuccinate (40 mg/kg of body weight per day divided into four doses) according to a randomized treatment schedule. On the initial visit, exudate or cleansed infected sites or both were cultured and therapy was begun. All patients were treated for 8 days. Patients were seen again on days 4 to 5 of therapy, at the end of therapy, and 7 days after the end of therapy. Sites of infection were comparable between the groups, as were bacteriologic responses. At the first visit, 24 of 30 children in the mupirocin group and 14 of 32 children in the erythromycin group were cured or had at least a 75% reduction in size of the lesions. At the end of the study, all 29 of the children in the mupirocin group who came to follow-up, compared with 27 of 29 in the erythromycin group, were cured. Side effects were few. Five children in the erythromycin group developed mild diarrhea. Thus, mupirocin appears to be safe and effective in treating impetigo in children. Our data show a trend toward more rapid clinical response with mupirocin than with erythromycin. PMID- 3149885 TI - Heterogeneity of class I beta-lactamase expression in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Expression of chromosomal beta-lactamase was examined in 85 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. beta-Lactamase assays with and without cefoxitin induction revealed four phenotypes of enzyme expression: low basal, inducible; moderate basal, inducible; moderate basal, constitutive; and high basal, constitutive. The isoelectric points of the major beta-lactamase bands were 9.4, 9.2, and 8.4. These results indicate that there is a limited heterogeneity in expression of chromosomal beta-lactamase of P. aeruginosa. PMID- 3149886 TI - Hormone profiles in Klinefelter's syndrome with and without testicular epidermoid cyst. AB - Hormonal studies were performed in patients of Klinefelter's syndrome with and without testicular epidermoid cyst. Mean levels of plasma gonadotropins were elevated above normal ranges. The mean testosterone level in plasma was abnormally low. The mean prolactin level in plasma was within the normal limit. However, mean plasma levels of these hormones were not significantly different between the two groups. The administration of LH-RH resulted in low response of plasma gonadotropins. The response of plasma testosterone to the administration of hCG was also abnormally low. However, in the LH-RH and hCG tests there were no significant differences between the two groups. These data suggested that the hormonal disturbance in Klinefelter's syndrome is unrelated to the occurrence of testicular epidermoid cyst. PMID- 3149887 TI - [Clinical treatment of resistant epilepsy]. AB - The authors analysed 34 cases of resistant epilepsy (20 males and 14 females, mean age 23 years), treated clinically between February/1984 and May/1986. The patients underwent neurological, neuropsychological, psychological, psychiatric, cerebrospinal fluid, electroencephalographic, tomographic and/or angiographic examination. Most of the patients had complex partial seizures. The etiology was unknown in 19 patients (55.8%), probable neurocysticercosis in 6, perinatal hypoxia in 5, delivery trauma in 3 and probable sequelae of encephalitis in 2 patients. There was a clear past history of infantile febrile convulsion in 2 patients. Most patients received carbamazepine (mean dose 24.5 mg/kg/day), phenytoin (5 mg/kg and valproic acid (28 mg/kg) as monotherapy or in association. Twenty-two patients (64.7%) had more than 80% decrease of the seizure frequency. Nine resistant epilepsy cases (24.5%) were evaluated as candidates for surgical therapy. The authors concluded that the resistant epilepsy is best managed by a specialised, multidisciplinary team, and pointed out the need of a correct diagnosis of the seizure type, an adequate drug therapy and a good engagement of the patient and his family in the treatment. PMID- 3149888 TI - [Latex agglutination tests of the cerebrospinal fluid in bacterial meningitis: an analysis of 333 cases]. AB - The study is based on 333 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with clinical diagnosis of acute bacterial meningites. The aim of the study is a critical evaluation on latex agglutination tests in CSF for H. influenzae type b, N. meningitidis A and C, and S. pneumoniae. These tests are compared with direct examination (Gram method), and culture results. It was shown that results of the latex test in the CSF are basic for rapid diagnosis of etiological agent in a bacterial meningitis. Data on 106 CSF samples confirmed the etiology through latex tests in 98.2% for H. influenzae type b, in 15.8% for N. meningitidis A or C, in 96.8% for S. pneumoniae. Emphasis is given for evidence of antibiotic therapy previous to CSF collection, which may be responsible for the great number of negative results registered in the present series. PMID- 3149889 TI - [Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid: a search using complement fixation and immunofluorescence reactions]. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of 200 patients who presented central nervous system (CNS) pathologies were evaluated for antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). The evaluation was made through: complement fixation test (CFT) in 69 patients, indirect (IgG) immunofluorescence test (IFT) in 118, and by CFT and IFT in 13. In 50 cases the IFT has been made also in concentrated (20 X) CSF samples. Results were evaluated in report to CNS pathology, CSF cells and proteins, and tests in the CSF for other CNS infections (syphilis, cysticercosis, schistosomiasis, toxoplasmosis). These tests were based on techniques similar to those adopted for the search of antibodies to T. cruzi, and were conducted concomitantly to tests for T. cruzi in the same CSF sample for everyone of the cases. Antibodies to T. cruzi were found in three patients. The first was a patient committed by the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in whom there occurred exacerbation of the acute stage of Chagas' disease. The second is a patient who is committed by epilepsy, and an acute stroke occurred in the third patient: Chagas' disease had been previously diagnosed in them through the demonstration of antibodies to T. cruzi in the blood serum. PMID- 3149890 TI - Microbial caries induction in the roots of human teeth in vitro. AB - Streptococcus mutans GS5, Lactobacillus casei DSM20011 and Actinomyces viscosus T14 produce artificial caries in the roots of extracted teeth. Roots were coated with wax leaving an 8 mm2 window exposed on the buccal surfaces, and then incubated for 8 days in the presence of the test organism, the synthetic medium being changed each day. Samples were then examined by SEM, or microradiographs were obtained from 120 microns sections. The pH at the root surface at the end of the induction averaged 4.43, 5.00 and 5.20, and the lesion depths measured on the microradiographs averaged 121, 83 and 34 microns, for Strep. mutans, L. casei and A. viscosus respectively. This relationship between pH and lesion depth confirms earlier findings. As all of these organisms can produce lesions in tooth structure, elimination of one type would probably not eliminate caries. PMID- 3149891 TI - Quantification and analysis of the glycosaminoglycans in human odontogenic cyst linings. AB - Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) were extracted from the connective tissue of 15 dental cysts, 2 dentigerous cysts and 7 keratocysts, and separated electrophoretically and chromatographically. Hyaluronic acid (dental, 2.38; dentigerous, 3.98; keratocyst, 3.19 micrograms uronic acid/mg lyophilized tissue) was the major GAG detected, with lesser amounts of heparin (dental, 1.70; dentigerous, 1.95; keratocyst, 1.80 micrograms uronic acid/mg lyophilized tissue) and chrondroitin-4 sulphate (dental, 1.33; dentigerous, 2.85; keratocyst, 1.37 micrograms uronic acid/mg lyophilized tissue). It is suggested that enzymic release of these GAGs allows their diffusion into the luminal fluid where they may contribute to expansile cyst growth. PMID- 3149893 TI - Plasma concentrations of unbound valproate in the management of epilepsy. PMID- 3149892 TI - Autoimmune cardiolipin-binding antibodies in oral anticoagulant patients. AB - In a routine clinic of patients taking regular oral anticoagulant therapy (warfarin, n = 140) 14% were found to have elevated levels (greater than 4 SD above normal) of anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) assessed by a well standardised enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was a higher incidence of raised ACA in patients being treated for thrombotic episodes (9/47 = 19%) than in cases with heart valve replacements (8/75 = 11%). Furthermore, the highest ACA titres were in younger patients with thromboses scheduled for short-term anticoagulant treatment. Borderline DNA binding studies, together with some positive ANA results, suggested autoimmune etiology in the minority of these cases. Lupus anticoagulant was strongly detectable in only one such patient. The ACA were predominantly IgG (14/17) and did not appear to compromise the conditions of patients while on anticoagulant therapy. Raised ACA may be a highly significant marker for an acquired prothrombotic state. PMID- 3149894 TI - Extracts of brewer's yeast contain GABA which enhances activation of glycogen synthetase by insulin in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Extracts of brewer's yeast have been fractionated, and the effects of fractions on the incorporation of 14C-labelled precursors into glycogen by hepatocytes have been studied. Purification of fractions which enhanced response to insulin resulted in the isolation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) which stimulated glycogen synthetase activity in the presence but not in the absence of suboptimal insulin concentrations. PMID- 3149895 TI - A simple determination of the sideness of the NH2-terminus in the membrane bound cytochrome P-450 LM2. AB - A simple and fast procedure for determining the sideness of the NH2-terminus in membrane proteins using FITC as label has been developed and applied to microsomal cytochrome P-450 LM2. The main advantages of FITC, which was shown not to penetrate lipid membranes, as compared to other labels are that it is fluorescent and that it can be used for manual microsequencing of proteins. By use of FITC it was directly shown that the NH2-terminus of P-450 LM2 is localized at the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Based on this result the validity of recently published models of the membrane topology and the membrane insertion of P-450 are discussed. PMID- 3149896 TI - [Synthesis and antimycobacterial action of lipophilic substituted 2,4-diamino-5 benzylpyrimidines]. AB - 2,4-Diamino-5-benzylpyrimidines 1-23 with lipophilic substitution in the benzylic moiety were synthesized by the morpholino-anilino-procedure. Their effects against various mycobacteria were verified by MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) in whole cells and I50-measurements in whole cell and cell-free systems. Especially the substances 7-12 are strong inhibitors of some atypical mycobacterial strains which are sometimes associated with tuberculosis in the elderly and with AIDS. They might be promising candidates for therapy. PMID- 3149897 TI - Increased sensitivity to ethanol in viral free rats compared to non-viral free rats of the same strain and supplier: a technical note. AB - Adult viral free Sprague-Dawley rats were compared with non-viral free rats of the same strain and supplier for their sleep-time and hypothermic response to an acute injection of ethanol (3.5 g/kg, IP). Viral free animals were found to be significantly more sensitive to the sleep-time and hypothermic properties of ethanol than the non-viral free animals. This increased sensitivity was accompanied by higher blood alcohol concentrations in viral free animals for up to four hours after ethanol injection. These results indicate that animals born and raised in a viral free environment differ markedly in their sensitivity to ethanol compared to non-viral free animals derived from the same genetic stock. Such differences may be due to decreased metabolic clearance of ethanol in viral free animals. These findings suggest that the use of viral free animals in developmental, behavioral, pharmacological or toxicological studies of the effects of ethanol may be an important consideration. PMID- 3149900 TI - Nutritional support. PMID- 3149898 TI - Purification and partial characterization of a plasminogen activator inhibitor from the human glioblastoma, U138. AB - A plasminogen activator inhibitor was purified to apparent homogeneity from conditioned media of U138 cells. The inhibitor is a glycoprotein with a pI of 5.4 and an apparent molecular weight of 45,000. The inhibitor forms sodium dodecyl sulfate-stable complexes with plasminogen activators and trypsin but not with plasmin, thrombin, or pancreatic kallikrein. Some biochemical and immunochemical characteristics of the U138 inhibitor distinguish it from other known plasminogen activator inhibitors. The expression of this inhibitor by U138 cells could be modulated by incubation in phorbol myristate acetate, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, and gamma interferon, but not in beta interferon. Thus, the expression of the plasminogen activator inhibitor can be influenced by biological response modifiers known to be active in the brain and in the neural response to inflammatory stimuli. Therefore, this inhibitor, along with protease nexin, may be involved in brain development and regulation. PMID- 3149899 TI - [Polydioxanone and polyglactin 910 in gynecological microsurgery. Experimental study]. PMID- 3149901 TI - Identification and assessment of the malnourished patient. AB - The assessment of protein-energy malnutrition has become important for identifying patients whose nutritional status increases their risk of an adverse outcome during hospitalization. Anthropometric, biochemical and immunological measurements, used either alone or in combination are not sensitive or specific enough for monitoring short-term nutritional changes, although some of these variables are associated with an increased incidence of postoperative complications after surgical procedures. The sensitivity of clinical assessment is dependent on the training of the clinician and the outcome variable being sought. For most clinicians, objective measurements are needed to raise their awareness to potential nutritional problems. The relationship of nutritional status to clinical events, particularly stress events during hospitalization, is critical to the interpretation of nutritional measurements and relating them to outcome variables. A classification based on the concepts of nutritional depletion and stress is presented. The prevalence of PEM has been shown to be between 20 and 30% in western hospitals, depending on the population studied and the criteria used to define PEM. In studies which have claimed an association between nutritional status and outcome, the contribution of nutritional variables to the development of postoperative complications has been overestimated and the relevance of technical factors underestimated. PMID- 3149902 TI - Perioperative nutritional support. PMID- 3149903 TI - Vascular access for parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3149904 TI - Enteral nutrition: background, indications and management. AB - Enteral nutrition is only part of the wider field of clinical nutrition in which great advances in both theory and practice have been made over the last decade. We have attempted to summarize what we consider to be the advances that have most relevance to the clinical practice of enteral nutrition. This chapter reviews our present understanding of the processes of digestion and absorption of protein, carbohydrate and fats, and examines how this theoretical understanding can be applied to patients in the clinical situation. A broad classification of the different enteral diets is undertaken, and the reasons for the development of particular diets are discussed. The clinical value of these diets is assessed. The wide variety of indications for enteral (as opposed to parenteral) nutrition are discussed and the specific benefits of enteral nutrition for the patient are highlighted. Techniques of administration of enteral nutrition are reviewed in detail, and the methods by which enteral nutrition should be monitored are outlined. Finally, complications of enteral nutrition are summarized and advice given on how to prevent or treat them. PMID- 3149905 TI - The aetiology and management of weight loss and malnutrition in cancer patients. AB - Abnormal values of parameters generally associated with description of protein or energy stores are often observed in cancer patients. The aetiology of these abnormal values is not clear, but seems to include insufficient energy intake absolutely (anorexia), or relative to energy needs (increased energy expenditure). In addition, the ability of some tissues to acquire nitrogen and energy seems to be changed when cancer is present. The resulting status described by abnormal values of protein or energy store parameters is often incorrectly referred to as malnutrition. Incorrect because many factors other than nutrition are related to the development of this condition. However, the presence of the so called malnutrition is associated with increased morbidity, decreased survival and decreased tolerance to cancer therapy. Whether nutritional therapy is able to reverse these adverse effects by malnutrition remains unproven: most trials performed in an attempt to prove such restoration of the individual's ability to withstand cancer and its treatment, display such conceptual flaws that a convincing answer cannot be given. On the other hand, a deleterious effect of nutritional support has not been observed. More, and clinically relevant, research needs to be performed in this field. PMID- 3149906 TI - Nutritional management of paediatric patients. PMID- 3149907 TI - Problems and organization of a home parenteral nutrition service. AB - Home parenteral nutrition services have revolutionized the treatment, and improved the survival, of patients with prolonged or permanent intestinal failure. Without such a programme, these patients either would be condemned to continuous in-patient parenteral nutrition or to death. The indications for HPN in the UK remain predominantly intestinal failure resulting from inflammatory bowel disease, and major small bowl resection. Nearly 50% of patients receiving HPN will ultimately have normal intestinal function restored and thus be able to return to enteral feeding. This knowledge is reflected in the selection criteria for instituting HPN. The use of HPN in patients with malignant disease poses significant ethical questions. The success of HPN is dependent upon the organization of nutritional units to allow centralization of HPN programmes and to provide the necessary support to patients. It is clear that not all patients will benefit from HPN, and it is only by careful assessment of patients, based on the experience of specialized nutritional units, that a rational HPN service can be provided. PMID- 3149908 TI - Regulation of muscle protein turnover: possible implications for modifying the responses to trauma and nutrient intake. AB - The physiological control of muscle protein balance has been reviewed. In addition to trauma, fasting and reduced activity have been shown to cause muscle protein loss through changes in synthesis and breakdown. Many of the effects of these states are mediated by alterations in the concentrations of insulin, glucagon, steroids and catecholamines. Branched-chain amino acids also appear to have specific effects in improving protein synthesis. Recently, prostaglandins have been identified as having a central role as mediators in the control of protein metabolism by many hormones and pathological states. Identification of factors which control muscle protein synthesis leads to the possibility that the metabolic response to illness and injury and its attendant muscle protein loss could be open to pharmacological manipulation. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can improve muscle protein turnover, but their clinical usefulness may be limited by side-effects. Hormonal manipulation may offer the possibility of abolishing the metabolic response. For example, inhibition of adrenal secretion in surgical patients by spinal anaesthesia appears to modify many of the metabolic effects of injury. A variety of other treatments have been used to minimize the metabolic derangements of injury. Some of these have considerable potential, but as yet clinical benefits from their use have not been positively identified. It is likely that a pharmacological approach to the nutritional disorders of stress and injury will prove to be of major interest in the future. PMID- 3149909 TI - [Proliferation of oligodendrocytes is stimulated after their adhesion on a matrix made up of a nerve lectin, CSL]. AB - It is shown that oligodendrocytes (myelin producing cells in the central nervous system) can adhere to a substratum constituted by an endogenous cerebellar soluble lectin (CSL) adsorbed on plastic Petri dishes. This adhesion induces a rapid and important proliferation of cultured oligodendrocytes. PMID- 3149910 TI - [Ultrastructural localization of mRNA coding for oxytocin by in situ hybridization. Study by high resolution autoradiography using a tritiated oligonucleotide probe]. AB - In situ hybridization (ISH) using a 25 mer tritiated oligonucleotide probe has been performed to study at the electron microscopic level the subcellular localization of the oxytocin mRNA in the rat hypothalamic magnocellular neurons. After high resolution radioautography, silver grains appeared to be localized over the cytoplasm of some magnocellular neurons of the supra-optic nucleus and frequently overlapped the ergastoplasmic "cisternae" of the Nissl bodies. These results demonstrate the possible application of ISH at a subcellular level using high resolution radioautography and a tritiated probe. PMID- 3149912 TI - [Biological side-effects of potential anti-tubercular agents. XIV. Relation between the chemical structure, antitubercular activity and hepatotoxicity of 2 alkylthio-6-(2-chlorobenzamido) benzothiazoles]. PMID- 3149911 TI - [Microbiological study of selective decontamination of the gastrointestinal tract in immunosuppressed patients]. PMID- 3149913 TI - [The effect of Prehepon (sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate) on reproduction in rats]. PMID- 3149914 TI - Solvent flush method for determination of valproic acid in plasma by gas chromatography. PMID- 3149915 TI - [Experimental evaluation of 4 different suture materials in colo-colic anastomoses (in the rat)]. AB - The Authors carry out an experimental comparative study on four different suture materials (collagen cromic, polyglactin 910, PDS and nylon), used to perform end to-end colonic anastomoses. They assess the resistence to the endoluminar pressure. The results show that during the first four days the anastomoses performed with PDS display a vere high resistence, while those with collagen cromic exhibit still lower value than Vicryl and nylon. After eleven days the anastomoses with the PDS show most resistence again, but the other three materials get similar value. PMID- 3149917 TI - [Von Recklinghausen's peripheral neurofibromatosis (report of a case with malignant degeneration)]. AB - The communication of a case of peripheric neurofibromatosis of Von Recklinghausen with malignant degeneration helps us to underline the importance of the follow-up as the best system to prevent these negative cases and to allow a best and longer survival of these patients with a high cancerogenic predisposition. PMID- 3149916 TI - [Multiple duodenal and ampullary carcinoids and von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis]. AB - A clinical case of multiple duodenal carcinoid involving the ampulla in a woman with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis (VRNF) is described. The Authors review the literature of the 20 cases previously reported and discuss the significance of such an association. Carcinoid tumors of the duodenum represent 2 5% of all carcinoid found in the general population. While VRNF-associated duodenal carcinoids are not otherwise distinctive, they tend to be associated to pheochromocytoma. Duodenal carcinoid need to be investigated systematically for their immunocytochemical profile, especially for chromogranins (CG), neuron specific enolase (NSE) and somatostatin. PMID- 3149918 TI - Segmental neurofibromatosis and pruritus. PMID- 3149919 TI - Scleredema adultorum associated with IgG-kappa multiple myeloma--a case report and review of the literature. PMID- 3149920 TI - [A case of autonomic dysfunctions and leucoencephalopathy occurring during the administration of 5-fluoro-uracil derivative, tegafur]. PMID- 3149921 TI - [Duchenne muscular dystrophy: classification of the respiratory failure and study on the prognosis in the terminal stage based on arterial CO2 pressure]. PMID- 3149922 TI - Measurement of glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in the diabetic rat by the single-injection isotopic technique: effects of altered distribution volumes of 51Cr-EDTA and 125I-hippuran. AB - Following an intravenous injection of an isotopically-labelled clearance marker, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or renal plasma flow (RPF) can be measured from the rate of plasma isotope disappearance, without collecting urine. The plasma disappearance curve can be closely approximated from a single, timed plasma measurement, if the volume of distribution (V) of the marker is known. Although V is generally predicted from body weight, effects of disease states on the relationship between V and body weight have not been studied. To apply this method of measuring GFR and RPF in streptozotocin-diabetic rats, we investigated the effects of diabetes and insulin treatment on V of 51Cr-EDTA and 125I orthoiodohippuran (OIH). In untreated diabetic, insulin-treated diabetic and control rats, highly significant linear relationships were found between body weight and V of either isotope (r = 0.68-0.97). However, the slopes and intercepts of these relationships showed that diabetes and insulin treatment significantly altered V of 51Cr-EDTA and 125I-OIH. The greatest change was observed in untreated diabetic rats, in which V of 125I-OIH was increased approximately 12% compared to V in weight-matched control rats. Insulin treatment partially reversed this effect, but V of 125I-OIH in insulin-treated diabetic rats remained increased compared to controls. Using the relationships we derived for V vs body weight, GFR and RPF were measured in the three groups of rats by the single-injection, single-plasma sample method. Severely hyperglycemic, untreated diabetic rats showed reduced RPF (p less than 0.005) but no significant reduction in GFR, compared to age-matched control rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3149924 TI - The role of calcium in mediating phorbol ester- and insulin-stimulated adipocyte lipogenesis. AB - The roles of protein kinase C, calcium and calmodulin in mediating insulin stimulated lipogenesis by rat adipocytes were investigated using the protein kinase C activator, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA); the protein kinase C inhibitors, H7 and polymixin B; the calcium ionophore, A23187; the calcium channel blocker, verapamil; and the calmodulin inhibitor, calmidazolium. PMA caused a concentration-dependent, parallel left shift of the insulin-lipogenesis dose response curve. Both PMA- and insulin-stimulated lipogenesis were inhibited by H7 and polymixin B. A23187 enhanced the stimulatory action of both insulin and PMA was not inhibited by H7. The stimulatory effects of insulin and PMA were inhibited by verapamil and calmidazolium. These data indicate that insulin receptor-lipogenesis coupling in rat adipocytes is mediated by protein kinase C elicited calcium influx and activation of calmodulin. PMID- 3149923 TI - Effect of gliclazide on thromboxane B2, parameters of haemostasis, fluorescent IgG and lipid peroxides in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Abnormalities of platelet aggregation, and increased levels of lipid peroxides and denatured proteins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy. Seventeen non-insulin dependent diabetics (mean age 65.7) on established sulphonylurea therapy were converted to an equivalent dose of gliclazide. They were studied at baseline and intervals to 36 weeks. Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and beta thromboglobulin (beta TG) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Lipid peroxides were measured as total diene conjugates (DC) by scanning UV spectrophotometry and thiobarbituric acid reactivity (TBA) by absorbance at 532 nm. Oxidation products of proteins were represented by fluorescence/UV ratio of immunoglobulin G (*IgG) separated from serum by HPLC. Glycaemic control remained stable throughout the study. TXB2 fell from 734 +/- 233 ng/l at 0 weeks to 488 +/ 155 at 36 weeks, p less than 0.001 and beta TG from 120 +/- 70 ng/ml to 48 +/- 18 at 24 weeks, p less than 0.005. Lipid peroxides fell between 0 and 36 weeks; DC from 0.71 +/- 0.28 to 0.32 +/- 0.09, p less than 0.001 and TBA from 29.6 +/- 22.4 to 4.0 +/- 2.2, p less than 0.001. Fluorescent IgG ratio fell from 1.44 +/- 0.36 to 0.32 +/- 0.07, p less than 0.001. This data provides evidence for a specific action of gliclazide on thromboxane synthesis and platelet aggregation. This is independent of glycaemic control and may in part be mediated by the observed fall in lipid peroxides. PMID- 3149925 TI - Comparison of etretinate (Tigason) and parenteral gold in the treatment of psoriatic arthropathy. AB - Etretinate is a synthetic vitamin A derivate given orally for the treatment of severe skin psoriasis. This drug has been reported to be effective also in psoriatic arthropathy and in this study we compared the efficacy and side-effects of etretinate with those of parenteral gold. Sixteen out of 18 patients completed 6 months of therapy with etretinate (initial dose 0.7 mg/kg/day) whereas only 7/9 patients completed 6 months of therapy with parenteral gold. A statistically significant decrease in the joint index occurred in both groups. In the etretinate group, the musculoskeletal symptoms improved considerably in 12 (67%) patients completing the treatment, and at the end of therapy also the skin lesions had healed or improved markedly in most patients. In two patients the reasons for terminating etretinate treatment were hypertriglyceridaemia and epigastric pain. In the gold group, seven patients could not complete the treatment regimen due to the common toxic side-effects of gold. The results of this study confirm that both etretinate and parenteral gold are effective in treating psoriatic arthropathy, and show that etretinate treatment seems to cause fewer harmful side-effects than chrysotherapy with parenteral gold. PMID- 3149926 TI - Osteolytic Paget's disease of bone under unduly etidronate therapy. PMID- 3149927 TI - In vitro synergy studies with ciprofloxacin and selected beta-lactam agents and aminoglycosides against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - In order to determine the effect of combining ciprofloxacin with beta-lactam and aminoglycoside agents against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa, ciprofloxacin was tested in vitro with the checkerboard broth microdilution technique with various current beta-lactam and aminoglycoside agents. In both inhibitory and bactericidal testing, the combination of ciprofloxacin with a beta-lactam agent (ceftazidime, piperacillin, mezlocillin, azlocillin, or imipenem) was more likely to show a synergistic effect or additive effect and lack of antagonism (96.5% of all inhibitory and cidal tests) than was a combination of ciprofloxacin with an aminoglycoside [(amikacin, tobramycin, or gentamicin), 90% of all inhibitory and cidal tests]. Finding of antagonism in some testing, especially with aminoglycosides, indicates that results are unpredictable. These results may influence selection of agents for selection in clinical situations. PMID- 3149928 TI - Activity of amikacin and ampicillin in succession and in combination. AB - One strain each of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis were exposed to amikacin and ampicillin in combination as well as in succession. Exposure to ampicillin for 1 hr followed by amikacin for 3 or 4 hr had the greatest antibacterial activity when the antibiotics were applied in succession. The least effective exposures for both organisms were 1 hr to amikacin followed by 3 or 4 hr to ampicillin. Exposure to the antibiotics in combination each at 1 MIC had the overall greatest antibacterial activity. Simultaneous exposure to the antibiotic combination does not necessarily mean simultaneous activity of both ampicillin and amikacin on the E. coli. The cell wall autolytic activities produced by ampicillin are triggered within 10 min after physical contact with the bacteria. In contrast, amikacin requires at least 30 min after physical contact to manifest its activity on the ribosome. Although physical exposure to both antibiotics in the combination is simultaneous, the specific activity of each is in fact sequential, with ampicillin acting first. This explains the synergistic effect of the combination. It appears, therefore, that the synergistic or antagonistic affect of a drug combination is determined by the sequence and timing of the antibacterial manifestations of its components. PMID- 3149930 TI - [The detection of mycobacterial antigens in cerebrospinal fluid by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay]. PMID- 3149929 TI - Comparative study of ceftriaxone monotherapy versus a combination regimen of cefuroxime plus gentamicin for treatment of serious bacterial infections: the efficacy, safety and effect on fecal flora. AB - To assess the efficacy of once daily monotherapy relative to standard combination antibiotic therapy for the initial management of patients suspected of serious bacterial infections, we conducted a randomized trial comparing ceftriaxone (Rocephin) with a combination of cefuroxime plus gentamicin. Of 105 patients, 53 were treated with ceftriaxone alone and 52 with the combination; 13 patients were considered not evaluable. 42 of 53 patients given ceftriaxone and 33 of 52 given cefuroxime plus gentamicin responded to treatment (p = 0.07). Three patients given ceftriaxone and 6 who received gentamicin plus cefuroxime died (p = 0.28). Definite bacterial infections were identified in 67 patients; of the evaluable patients with a definite infection 27 of 29 who received ceftriaxone and 21 of 31 who were treated with the combination were cured (p = 0.01). No difference was found in the number of side effects. However, therapy had to be discontinued due to treatment failure, an adverse effect or death in 1 of 33 patients given ceftriaxone and in 11 of 34 given the combination (p = 0.002). Ceftriaxone was found to have an impact on the count of E. coli in intestinal microflora. Changes in normal bacterial composition did not lead to the overgrowth with resistant Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas, however, colonization by yeast was observed. Using ceftriaxone reduced the cost of antimicrobial therapy per patient by 107 pounds (US$ 183). Moreover, the total time save per patient due to decreased nursing and drug administration time per day was 40 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3149931 TI - The molecular biology of cyanogenesis. AB - The cyanogenic polymorphism in Trifolium repens L. (white clover) has been used as the basis of a study of the genetic control of cyanogenesis. The Ac locus controls the presence of two cyanoglucosides in white clover. Biochemical characterization of cyanoglucoside biosynthesis in plants containing different Ac alleles has shown that this is a complex locus which affects more than one step in the pathway. A study of the in vivo synthesis and processing of the cyanogenic beta-glucosidase (linamarase) of white clover led to the isolation of cDNA clones for this enzyme. The cloning strategy and structure of the cDNA clones is described. Together with biochemical and genetic data, these clones have been used to characterize the Li locus which controls linamarase activity in white clover. It has been shown that 'null' alleles of the Li locus result in very reduced levels of transcription of homologous mRNA sequences. The use of these cDNA clones to investigate the genomic organization of cyanogenesis genes in both white clover and other cyanogenic species is described, and their use in structural analysis of the cyanogenic beta-glucosidase is discussed. PMID- 3149932 TI - Effects of five antibiotics on adhesion and haemagglutinating properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of five antibiotics at sub-inhibitory concentrations on the adhesive and haemagglutinating properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cystic fibrosis sputa. Eleven isolates (mucoid and non-mucoid) from cystic fibrosis, and four isolates (mucoid and non mucoid) from other chronic respiratory infections were tested. The adhesion test was performed on human lymphoblastoid cell-lines; the haemagglutination test used human O+ and guinea-pig erythrocytes. The antibiotics were tested at six sub inhibitory concentrations, from MIC/2 to MIC/64. Among the five antibiotics, cefsulodin and pefloxacin were the most active in decreasing the adhesive properties: this effect was statistically significant at MIC/2 and MIC/4 for cefsulodin and at all sub-inhibitory concentrations for pefloxacin. No differences appeared between mucoid and non-mucoid strains, and no correlation was noted with their clinical origins. The three other antibiotics (ceftazidime, latamoxef and imipenem) had no significant effect on the adhesion of all the strains tested, but their effect was rather strain-dependent. This fact and the heterogeneity found in adherence and haemagglutinating activity of each strain suggest that the adhesins and the haemagglutinins of P. aeruginosa are very complex structures. PMID- 3149933 TI - Antisecretory effect of a PGE2 derivative, enprostil (TA/RS-84135): inhibitory action of amogastrin-stimulated secretion. AB - A newly developed prostaglandin E2 derivative, enprostil (TA/RS-84135), was administered to five healthy volunteers in the stomach and duodenum through a teflon tube to examine its effect on amogastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. The acid output 1-3 h after administration of enprostil (35 micrograms) decreased remarkably as compared with that in the same period after placebo administration. However, no significant difference in antisecretory effect was observed between the two routes of administration. A decrease in pepsin output occurred in parallel with the decrease in acid output. These results suggest that the antisecretory effect of enprostil is at least partially due to systemic absorption and the predominantly topical action seen in animals does not seem to occur in man. No side-effects attributable to enprostil were observed during the test period. In conclusion, enprostil seems to be clinically useful as an antiulcer agent. PMID- 3149934 TI - The influence of nitroglycerine on the inducibility of sustained ventricular tachycardia in coronary artery disease. AB - To investigate the influence of nitroglycerine on the inducibility of sustained ventricular tachycardia, 11 patients with documented sustained ventricular tachycardia were studied (mean age 59 years, range 52-70 years, eight posterior wall infarctions, three anterior wall infarctions). After the induction of sustained ventricular tachycardia using a standard protocol (three ventricular premature beats triggered on the R wave, three ventricular premature beats to the refractory period during basic driving rate up to 180 beats min-1), 0.8 mg nitroglycerine was given and when the wedge pressure started dropping (after about 3 min) the EPS was repeated. The mode of the initiation of sustained ventricular tachycardia was almost identical before and after application of nitroglycerine. In addition the heart rate before (mean 186 beats min-1) and after nitroglycerine (mean 187 beats min-1) and the morphology of sustained ventricular tachycardia were the same. It is therefore concluded that anti ischaemic interventions by nitroglycerine treating silent ischaemia and improving ventricular function respectively does not influence the initiation of sustained ventricular tachycardia during EPS. Silent ischaemia obviously does not play a role in sustained ventricular tachycardia and therefore anti-ischaemic interventions cannot be expected to influence the recurrence of sustained ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 3149935 TI - Effectiveness of calcium antagonist drugs in patients with unstable angina and proven coronary artery disease. AB - Eighty-five patients admitted to our CCU for unstable angina (UA) with proven coronary artery disease, in whom i.v. therapy with nitroglycerin (N) and heparin (H) did not reduce both painful and painless episodes of myocardial ischaemia, were treated by i.v. administration of verapamil (V) and diltiazem (D) in order to assess the efficacy of calcium antagonists in reducing myocardial ischaemia. All patients were given i.v. N + H throughout the whole study period; none showed significant increase in serum CK MB concentration. V and D were assigned following a double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled design after a 48 h period of N + H therapy. Continuous Holter monitoring (CHM) was performed during the whole study period. V and D significantly reduced the total number of ischaemic episodes day-1 (N + H = 6.8 +/- 3.9; D = 2.1 +/- 2.3, P less than 0.001; V = 1.7 +/- 2.7, P less than 0.001), the number of silent episodes (SE) (N + H = 5.2 +/- 3; D = 1.4 +/- 1.4, P less than 0.001; V = 1.5 +/- 2.5, P less than 0.001) and the duration of SE (N + H: 428 min for all patients, D: 61 min, V: 112 min). In patients with UA and proven CAD in whom i.v. N and H are ineffective to control myocardial ischaemia, V and D given i.v. reduced both painful and painless ischaemic episodes and allow safe delay of coronary arteriography and myocardial revascularization without adjunctive risk. Continuous Holter monitoring is important to detect the total ischaemic burden. PMID- 3149936 TI - Diagnosis of silent myocardial ischemia in women. AB - The diagnosis of silent ischaemic heart disease may be important in men as well as in women. However, diagnosing women by exercise ECG is limited due to the higher rate of false positive results. For improving diagnostic validity the following investigations were done. In 310 women, aged 41-63 years (mean age 47 years', revealing 'pathological' exercise ECG, further testing was performed using nitroglycerin (NTG 0.8 mg). As a reference method, pulmonary artery (PA) pressure measurement was used. As a result of NTG testing, two groups could be separated: (a) those in whom ST segment depression remained constant (N = 217, NTG negatives = 70%). Since the end-diastolic PA pressure was found normal, these results were interpreted to be false-positive. (b) NTG effected a reduction or normalization of exercise induced ST segment changes (N = 93, NTG positives = 30%). There was a correspondence with exercise inducible end-diastolic PA pressure decrease. Consequently, true positives were assumed. Analysis of angina pectoris history indicated typical chest pain in 2% of NTG negatives only, but in 16% of NTG positives. In agreement with this during exercise, angina was reported by NTG negatives in 3% of cases and by NTG positive in 17%. The rest of this group (83%) is considered having exercise induceable silent myocardial ischaemia. When checking-up after five years, exercised-induced angina could be found in 4% of NTG negatives again, but in 36% of NTG positives. It was concluded that exercise testing by additionally using nitroglycerin is a rather important approach for diagnosing myocardial ischaemia in women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3149937 TI - [Choledochal cyst. Report of a case]. PMID- 3149938 TI - [Carcinoid tumor in aberrant pancreas of the choledochus]. PMID- 3149939 TI - [Campylobacter pylori]. PMID- 3149940 TI - [Campylobacter pylori and gastroduodenal pathology]. PMID- 3149941 TI - [The hepatocyte. Ricardo Baquero Gonzalez Lecture]. PMID- 3149942 TI - [Campylobacter pylori: a retrospective study of 150 gastric biopsies with chronic type B gastritis]. PMID- 3149943 TI - [Gastroduodenal ulcer and Campylobacter pylori. Behavior under treatment with de nol or metronidazole]. PMID- 3149944 TI - Cloning and characterization of cDNAs coding for the heavy and light chains of a monoclonal antibody specific for Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane protein I. AB - A set of seven monoclonal antibodies (MAb) directed against outer membrane proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been examined by Western blot analysis, indirect immunofluorescence tests and subclass typing. The hybridoma cell line secreting MAb 6A4, which reacts with outer membrane protein I, belongs to the IgG2a subclass and crossreacts with the 17 P. aeruginosa serotypes as listed in the International Antigenic Typing System, was selected as source for the preparation of poly(A)+RNA which in turn was used as template for cDNA synthesis and cloning. Full length cDNA clones of the gamma heavy chain as well as the kappa light chain were obtained and characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis. The complete cDNA sequences coding for the heavy and light chains will be the prerequisite for the construction and heterologous expression of a chimeric human-mouse monoclonal antibody which might be used in therapy of P. aeruginosa infections. PMID- 3149945 TI - Broad-host-range plasmid and M13 bacteriophage-derived vectors for promoter analysis in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - A set of bacteriophage and plasmid vectors containing xylE as a reporter gene was constructed for the analysis of promoters functional in Escherichia coli and in other Gram-negative bacteria. Two M13 bacteriophage derivatives, M13mVDX18 and M13mMK010, were designed for rapid cloning, screening and sequencing of DNA fragments promoting transcription in E. coli. To demonstrate their utility, total cellular DNA from a variety of bacterial species including Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO was shotgun cloned in M13 vectors and clones displaying promoter activity in E. coli were isolated. These randomly cloned promoters from P. aeruginosa, Borrelia burgdorferi, Streptococcus pneumoniae and other bacterial species were sequenced without a need for further subcloning manipulation. The promoter activity of P. aeruginosa clones was verified by subcloning inserts on a broad-host-range promoter probe vector pVDX18 and assaying the xylE transcription from these promoters in P. aeruginosa. The pVDX18 vector was also used for initial characterization of the algD promoter controlling mucoidy in P. aeruginosa. The activities of the wild-type and deletion clones of the algD promoter were compared. Results indicated that the region containing direct and inverted repeats at -55 to -110 bp upstream of the mRNA 5' end was important for the activation of the algD transcription in mucoid P. aeruginosa infecting cystic fibrosis patients. PMID- 3149946 TI - Evolution of the rat immunoglobulin gamma heavy-chain gene family. AB - The sequences of the four immunoglobulin gamma heavy chains of the rat (gamma 1, gamma 2a, gamma 2b, gamma 2c) have been determined. These sequences reveal that the rat genes have evolved differently from the closely related mouse gamma genes (gamma 1, gamma 2a, gamma 2b, gamma 3): in rat two of the four genes (gamma 2a and gamma 1) are 94% homologous to each other and best resemble the single mouse gamma 1 gene. Rat gamma 2b is equivalent to the mouse gamma 2a/gamma 2b pair as regards both nucleotide sequence and antibody effector functions whilst rat gamma 2c resembles mouse gamma 3. In evolutionary terms this suggests the existence of a set of three common C gamma genes before separation of rat and mouse as individual species. In addition, two independent duplication events must have occurred after species separation affecting different constant regions; this yielded rat gamma 2a and gamma 1 as a recently evolved pair and mouse gamma 2a and gamma 2b as a different pair. Furthermore, the sequence comparisons reveal several other features of interest; rat IgG2b lacks two amino acids in CH1 which are conserved in all other sequenced gamma chains. Residues believed to be essential for monocyte interaction (FcRI) are retained only in rat gamma 2b and not in the other rat gamma genes whilst a particular motif involved in C1q interaction shows a variation in both rat IgG1 and rat IgG2a which has not been observed previously. PMID- 3149947 TI - Effect of free radical scavengers and metal ion chelators on hydrogen peroxide and phenylhydrazine induced red blood cell lipid peroxidation. AB - Desferrioxamine a well-known iron chelator was found to decrease hydrogen peroxide and phenylhydrazine induced lipid peroxidation of red blood cell membranes assessed by hydrocarbon gas release and loss of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Hydroxyl radical scavengers like mannitol and thiourea and proteins like albumin were unable to reduce peroxidative reactions to our system. Addition of uric acid (in an unphysiological concentration of 5 mM) to the incubation medium resulted in a slight reduction in H2O2/phenylhydrazine mediated break-down of arachidonic (20:4) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) in the erythrocyte membrane and consequently in a decreased alkane release and haemolysis. PMID- 3149948 TI - Desferrioxamine as an electron donor. Inhibition of membranal lipid peroxidation initiated by H2O2-activated metmyoglobin and other peroxidizing systems. AB - Desferrioxamine (DFO) involvement in several peroxidative systems was studied. These systems included: a) membranal lipid peroxidation initiated by H2O2 activated metmyoglobin (or methemoglobin); b) phenol-red oxidation by activated metmyoglobin or horseradish peroxidase (HRP): c) beta-carotene-linoleate couple oxidation stimulated by lipoxygenase or hemin. Desferrioxamine was found to inhibit all these systems but not ferrioxamine (FO). Phenol-red oxidation by H2O2 horseradish peroxidase was inhibited competitively with DFO. Kinetic studies using the spectra changes in the Soret region of metmyoglobin suggest a mechanism by which H2O2 reacts with the iron-heme to form an intermediate of oxy-ferryl myoglobin that subsequently reacts with DFO to return the activated compound to the resting state. These activities of DFO resemble the reaction of other electron donors. PMID- 3149949 TI - Inhibition of liver Golgi glycosylation activities by carbonyl products of lipid peroxidation. AB - The present report deals with the investigation of the effect of 4-hydroxy-trans 2,3-nonenal (HNE), hexanal (HEX) and malondialdehyde (MDA), the major products of lipid peroxidation, on the glycosylation pathway of rat liver Golgi apparatus. Defined concentrations of the aldehydes were added to isolated fractions of formative (F3) and secretory (F1 + F2) Golgi compartments, then incubated at 37 degrees C for 10 min. At the end of the incubation the activity of galactosyl (GT) and sialyl-(ST)transferases, the main enzymes of the terminal protein and lipoprotein glycosylation, was evaluated. A significant impairment of both these activities was observed with HNE and HEX but not with MDA. These data suggest that aldehydes generated during peroxidation reactions are able to impair the protein and lipoprotein maturation mechanism which is normally achieved through a complete glycosylation. PMID- 3149950 TI - Lipid interactions with in vitro development of mammalian zygotes. AB - Rabbit zygotes were tested for their ability to sequester radiolabeled acetate, oleate, and arachidonate in intracellular lipid. Radiolabeled arachidonic acid was concentrated 170 +/- 28-fold (mean +/- SEM) and oleic acid was concentrated 105 +/- 26-fold in zygotic lipids during 6 hr of culture when compared with the initial concentrations in culture medium. Acetate was not concentrated into lipids by cultured zygotes. Both long chain fatty acids were incorporated mainly as triglyceride. Polydimethylsiloxane fluid, used to cover the microdroplets of medium during culture, demonstrated lipophilic properties. This characteristic was utilized to indirectly transfer lipids to culture medium, permitting examination only of lipoidal properties of test extracts on embryonal development. For rabbit zygotes, blood plasma extract was detrimental and whole blood extract was beneficial for embryonal cleavage rates during the first 24 hr of culture. A higher proportion of mouse zygotes developed to blastocysts when cultured in modified Ham's F-10 medium compared to BMOC medium, and this difference was negated by inclusion of a lipid extract prepared from rabbit oviductal fluid in the culture system. Comparison of fatty acid analyses of the lipid extracts with development rates of zygotes suggests that modified rates of embryo development may be associated with ratios of individual fatty acids presented to the culture medium rather than with the presence of any single fatty acid. PMID- 3149951 TI - Human follicular gonadotropin releasing peptide analogs. Evaluation of biological (in vitro) and immunological activity. AB - Human follicular gonadotropin releasing peptide (hF-GRP) has been shown to stimulate pituitary LH and FSH secretion in vitro. Six hF-GRP analogs have been synthesized and evaluated for gonadotropin releasing activity in a rat anterior pituitary primary cell culture system. A tyrosine analog of hF-GRP, [Tyr4]-hF GRP, retained comparable biological activity in releasing gonadotropins. However, acetylation of hF-GRP in Ac-hF-GRP greatly reduced the in vitro activity. The shorter segments of hF-GRP, hF-GRP-(5-14), and hF-GRP-(10-14), were tested for LH and FSH releasing activity, and it was found that the decapeptide retained moderate activity while the activity of the pentapeptide was markedly lower than hF-GRP. The baboon alpha 1 antitrypsin-(27-40) peptide, b-alpha 1 AT-(27-40), is relatively less potent in releasing LH than hF-GRP. Interestingly, the baboon peptide is more potent (2.5-fold) in releasing FSH under identical conditions. The effect of hF-GRP in releasing LH and FSH was not affected by the presence of LHRH antagonists in cell culture systems. When these peptides were tested for immunological activity in a hF-GRP radioimmunoassay, it was found that hF-GRP and [Tyr4]-hF-GRP have comparable activities. The C-terminal decapeptide of hF-GRP is more active (1.5-fold) in the RIA, and the C-terminal pentapeptide had only one third of the immunoreactivity. The b-alpha 1-AT-(27-40) failed to cross-react in the RIA even at a concentration of 20 micrograms per tube. PMID- 3149952 TI - Synthesis, biological activity and conformational analysis of cyclic GRF analogs. AB - A novel cyclic GRF analog, cyclo(Asp8-Lys12)-[Asp8,Ala15]-GRF(1-29)-NH2, i.e. cyclo8,12[Asp8,Ala15]-GRF(1-29)-NH2, was synthesized by the solid phase procedure and found to retain significant biological activity. Solid phase cyclization of Asp8 to Lys12 proceeded rapidly (approximately 2 h) using the BOP reagent. Substitution of Ala2 with D-Ala2 and/or NH2-terminal replacement (desNH2-Tyr1 or N-MeTyr1) in the cyclo8,12[Asp8,Ala15]-GRF(1-29)-NH2 system resulted in highly potent analogs that were also active in vivo. Conformational analysis (circular dichroism and molecular dynamics calculations based on NOE-derived distance constraints) demonstrated that cyclo8,12[Asp8,Ala15]-GRF(1-29)-NH2 contains a long alpha-helical segment even in aqueous solution. A series of cyclo8,12 stereoisomers containing D-Asp8 and/or D-Lys12 were prepared and also found to be highly potent and to retain significant alpha-helical conformation. The high biological activity of cyclo8,12[N-MeTyr1,D-Ala2,Asp8,Ala15]-GRF(1-29)- NH2 may be explained on the basis of retention of a preferred bioactive conformation. PMID- 3149953 TI - Genetic rearrangements of plasmids containing mtDNA inserts: possible poison sequence. AB - Restriction mapping of recombinant plasmids indicated the presence of poison sequence(s) in monkey mtDNA. These plasmids were constructed from a 5.2 K.b. BglII mtDNA fragment and pRSVneo or pdel9 as cloning vectors. The poison sequence(s) caused genetic rearrangement of the vectors' nucleotide sequences. Deletion of the suspected poison sequence(s) from the mtDNA fragment increased the transformation efficiency of the produced recombinant plasmids and conserved the vectors' original nucleotide sequences. PMID- 3149954 TI - Developmental and mitotic behaviour of two novel groups of nuclear envelope antigens of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Two novel groups of nuclear envelope antigens have been identified using monoclonal antibodies. On immunoblots the antigens correspond to distinct sets of polypeptides in the 175 X 10(3) molecular weight range. The antigens are enriched in a nuclear matrix-pore complex-lamina fraction of Drosophila tissue culture cells. We have studied the cellular distribution of these antigens throughout oogenesis and early embryo development. Immunoblots show that one group of the 175 X 10(3) Mr antigens is maternally transmitted to the embryo. This had already been observed for the 74/76 X 10(3) Mr Drosophila lamins described previously, and we showed that a large proportion of the lamins is localized in the interior of the oocyte nucleus. We have also followed the fate of the high molecular weight antigens during mitosis. Each of the antigens uses a different pathway for its distribution to the daughter nuclei. These observations may give clues to the molecular mechanisms involved in the disassembly-reassembly process of the nuclear envelope. PMID- 3149955 TI - Determination of adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activities using high-performance liquid chromatographic and radiochromatographic methods. AB - Two methods for the determination of adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activities were compared. The high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique used separation on a reversed-phase silica column and exhibited adequate sensitivity and a markedly higher rate of analysis compared with that of the paper radiochromatographic method. Correlation analysis of the results obtained by the two methods on a set of lymphoid cells from 25 patients with lympho-proliferative disorders confirmed the utility of the HPLC technique in clinical investigations. PMID- 3149956 TI - Longitudinal studies of femur growth in normal fetuses. AB - As an indicator of fetal limb growth, change in the femur diaphysis length (FDL) between 15 and 38 weeks, menstrual age, has been evaluated in a longitudinal study of 20 normal fetuses, as determined by prenatal biparietal diameter, head circumference, and abdominal circumference growth patterns as well as postnatal pediatric assessment. Individual FDL growth curves were uniformly parabolic and followed very similar trajectories. The projected start points [mean: 9.7 (+/- 1.5 SD) weeks] for these curves were in complete agreement with embryologic data, and the curves themselves were well characterized by the Rossavik model [R2 99.5 (+/- 0.5 SD)%]. No differences between males and females were detected, and good agreement was obtained between the average longitudinal growth curve and the cross-sectional growth curve derived from a previously studied data set. Individual growth curve standards, determined from Rossavik models based on data obtained before 26.1 weeks, menstrual age, were within 7% of actual measurements in 94% of the 97 time points studied after 26 weeks. These results indicate that the Rossavik model and its associated individual growth curve standards can be used to evaluate the growth of the femur and thus provide an improved means for detecting skeletal dysplasias and fetal growth retardation. PMID- 3149957 TI - Gallbladder wall thickening: a frequent finding in various nonbiliary disorders- a prospective ultrasonographic study. AB - A comprehensive prospective ultrasonographic study was performed in 93 patients to investigate gallbladder wall thickness and gallbladder volumes in various nonbiliary disease states. Without changes in gallbladder volume, mean gallbladder wall thickness was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) in patients with liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, chronic congestive heart failure, hypoalbuminemia, and chronic renal failure (p less than 0.05) but not in patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 14) as compared to a control group. The present study confirms that a variety of nonbiliary disorders are associated with significant thickening of gallbladder walls and that this finding is not caused by incomplete gallbladder contraction. PMID- 3149958 TI - Differentiation of mononucleosis from hepatitis by sonographic measurement of spleen size. AB - Spleen size in patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) was measured using ultrasound, and the findings were compared with data obtained in cases of acute viral hepatitis (AVH). The size was expressed as the spleen index (SI) or the product of the longitudinal and transverse diameters, expressed in cm2, of the maximum cross-sectional area of the spleen. A normal value obtained from 28 healthy individuals was 15 +/- 7 cm2. The SI (mean +/- SD) of patients with AVH and IM were 38 +/- 7 cm2 and 88 +/- 26 cm2, respectively. When the SIs were divided into five groups--grade 0 (0-25), grade I (26-50), grade II (51-75), grade III (76-100), and grade IV (100+), 83.3% of the patients with AVH were graded as Grade 0 or I, whereas 88.9% patients with IM belonged to higher grades. Splenomegaly with a SI value over 75, grade III or IV, strongly suggests IM when IM and AVH are being considered in the absence of other potential causes of splenomegaly. Because the clinical features of IM sometimes resemble those of AVH, it is often difficult to differentiate the two entities. The measurement of spleen size could be a significant supplemental aid in the diagnosis of IM in primary medicine, before clinical data can be obtained. PMID- 3149959 TI - Fetal echocardiography: the prenatal diagnosis of tricuspid atresia (type Ic) during the second trimester of pregnancy. AB - Fetal echocardiography (real-time and M-mode) was used to evaluate a fetus at 20 weeks of gestation because intermittent bradycardia had been auscultated at 14 weeks of gestation. Real-time examination of the four-chamber view suggested ventricular disproportion with the left ventricle larger than the right, absence of the tricuspid valve, atrial and ventricular septal defects, and normal pulmonic and aortic outflow tracts. M-mode quantitation demonstrated a dilated left ventricle, small right ventricle, dilated mitral valve, hypertrophy of the left ventricular wall, and normal outflow tract dimensions. Following the diagnosis of tricuspid atresia (type Ic), genetic amniocentesis was performed (46,XX). Intrauterine death occurred during the 28th week of gestation. Autopsy confirmed the echocardiographic findings. PMID- 3149961 TI - Sonographic demonstration of thickened renal pelvic mucosa/submucosa in mixed candida infection. PMID- 3149960 TI - Noninvasive diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta. PMID- 3149962 TI - Intracardiac tumor (rhabdomyoma) diagnosed by in utero ultrasound: a case report. PMID- 3149963 TI - Ultrasound demonstration of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. PMID- 3149964 TI - Ultrasonographic diagnosis of ectasia of the umbilical vein. PMID- 3149965 TI - Ultrasonic appearance of tuberculous peritonitis. PMID- 3149966 TI - Sonographic appearance of the reservoir of an inflatable penile prosthesis. PMID- 3149967 TI - Scrotal cup for testicular ultrasound. PMID- 3149968 TI - Cromolyn sodium does not prevent hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborn and young lambs. AB - Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension may be mediated by leukotrienes. Pulmonary mast cells produce leukotrienes, histamine and prostaglandin D2, and degranulate in response to hypoxia. Cromolyn sodium, a mast cell membrane stabilizing agent, may prevent hypoxia-induced mast cell degranulation. To investigate the role of mast cell products in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension, we studied the haemodynamic responses to alveolar hypoxia before and during an intravenous infusion of 3-5 mg/min per kg of cromolyn sodium in 6 chronically instrumented, spontaneously breathing lambs. Since there are age-dependent differences in the response of the pulmonary circulation to some mast cell products, we studied the effects of cromolyn sodium on hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborn (4-7 days) and young lambs (15-18 days). During alveolar hypoxia, mean pulmonary arterial pressure increased by 68% (P less than 0.05) and 59% (P less than 0.05) in the newborn and young lambs, respectively. With alveolar hypoxia during cromolyn sodium infusion, mean pulmonary arterial pressure increased by 71% (P less than 0.05) and 42% (P less than 0.05) in the newborn and young lambs, respectively. Cromolyn sodium did blunt the hypoxia-induced release of histamine into the circulation. Because hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension was not inhibited by cromolyn sodium in either age group, mast cell products are not important mediators of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 3149969 TI - Trophic control of lung development by sympathetic neurons: effects of neonatal sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine. AB - The onset of peripheral sympathetic neuronal function is thought to provide trophic regulatory signals for development of adrenergic target tissues. In the current study, we examined the effects on lung development of neonatal sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine. The completeness of the lesion and effectiveness in reducing sympathetic input to the tissue were confirmed by direct measurement of norepinephrine levels and turnover. Despite the denervation, no evidence of beta-receptor up-regulation was found; in fact, receptor binding sites tended to be reduced throughout development. The cyclic AMP response to isoproterenol challenge was initially suppressed in the lesioned animals, but became supersensitive even in the face of reduced receptor binding capabilities. Evidence was also obtained for ontogenetic abnormalities in the ornithine decarboxylase/polyamine system, which is partially controlled by beta adrenergic input and which regulates macromolecule synthesis in replicating and differentiating cells. Eventually, the alterations were reflected in aberrant developmental patterns of DNA, RNA and protein in the lung. These results indicate that sympathetic neurons influence the biochemical development of the lung and may serve to program permanently the relationships among receptor sites, receptor coupling to cellular function, and control of cell maturation. PMID- 3149970 TI - [Correlation between the levels of CA19-9 and fasting plasma glucose in a case of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3149971 TI - What are those complement genes doing in the MHC? PMID- 3149972 TI - Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the highly thermostable neutral protease gene from Bacillus stearothermophilus. AB - The gene (nprM) for the highly thermostable neutral protease of Bacillus stearothermophilus MK232 was cloned in Bacillus subtilis using pTB53 as a vector. The nucleotide sequence of nprM and its flanking regions was determined. The DNA sequence revealed only one large open reading frame, composed of 1656 base pairs and 552 amino acid residues. A Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence was found 12 bases upstream from the translation start site (ATG). A possible promotor sequence (TTTTCC for the -35 region and TATTGT for the -10 region), which was nearly identical to the promoter for another thermostable neutral protease gene, nprT, was also found about 40 bases upstream of the SD sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence contained a signal sequence in its amino-terminal region. The sequence of the first five amino acids of purified extracellular protease completely matched residues 237-241 of the open reading frame. This suggests that the enzyme is translated as a large polypeptide containing a pre-pro structure as is known for other neutral proteases. The amino acid sequence of the extracellular form of this protease (316 amino acids, molecular mass 34,266 Da) was identical to that of the thermostable neutral protease (thermolysin) from Bacillus thermoproteolyticus except for two amino acid substitutions (Asp37 to Asn37 and Glu119 to Gln119). The G + C content of the coding region of nprM was 42 mol%, while that of the third letter of the codons was lower (36 mol%). This extremely low content is an exceptional case for genes from thermophiles. When the protease genes, nprM and nprT, were cloned on pTB53 in B. subtilis, the expression of nprM was about 20 times higher than that of nprT. The reason for the difference between the two systems is discussed. PMID- 3149973 TI - Distribution of phthiocerol diester, phenolic mycosides and related compounds in mycobacteria. AB - Among 28 mycobacterial species studied, only Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum, M. marinum, M. kansasii, M. gastri and M. ulcerans produced waxes yielding long-chain beta-diol components (called phthiocerol and companions) and polymethyl-branched fatty acids on saponification. The same mycobacterial species also produced diesters of phenol phthiocerol and companions. Fatty acids esterifying these fatty alcohols in M. marinum and M. ulcerans were found to belong to the phthioceranic series (dextrorotatory fatty acids), in contrast to those of the other species (laevorotatory fatty acids called mycocerosic acids), both groups having the same chain length and methyl branched positions. M. kansasii and M. gastri contained the same waxes with identical structures, as did M. tuberculosis, M. bovis and M. africanum. Neither the type strain of M. tuberculosis, nor that of M. bovis or M. marinum accumulated the strain-specific phenolic glycolipids. PMID- 3149974 TI - Microvascular casting of the lung: effects of various fixation protocols. AB - Although techniques for preparing specimens for light and electron microscopy are well established, few studies have sought to establish methods for corrosion casting of the microscopic vessels of the lung. The effects of two concentrations of glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, and no fixative (saline control) on the filling and structure of the microvascular casts of the lung were studied. All fixatives were infused 5 minutes before casting. Formaldehyde's fixation effects were intermediate between those of glutaraldehyde and no fixation. Leakage of casting material was increased in the animals that were fixed less. Digestion time was prolonged and more undigested tissue was found in the group receiving the concentrated glutaraldehyde, although the difference in neither of these features alone reached statistical significance. Circumferential bands occurred more frequently in the large vessel casts of the less fixed animals, which may account for the less filling microvasculature in these lungs. However, good quality casts were obtained with each method. PMID- 3149975 TI - recA-dependent DNA repair in UV-irradiated Escherichia coli. AB - UV-radiation-induced lesions in DNA result in the formation of excision gaps, daughter-strand gaps (DSG) and double-strand breaks (DSB), which are repaired by several different mechanisms. Postreplication repair. The recA gene is a master gene that controls all of the pathways of postreplication repair. The repair of DSG proceeds by one pathway that is also recF dependent, and one pathway that is constitutive and independent of the recF and recBC genes. A small fraction of the recF recB-independent repair of DSG is dependent upon the umuC gene, and may define an error-prone pathway of postreplication repair. Unrepaired DSG can be converted to DSB, which are normally repaired by the RecBCD pathway. However, in the recBC sbcB background, these DSB are repaired by a recF-dependent process. The RecF pathways of postreplication repair appear to utilize DNA containing a single-stranded region (either a gap or a DSB with a single-stranded end), while the RecBCD pathway appears to utilize the blunt ends of duplex DNA to promote the recombinational repair of DSB. The polA gene (especially the 5'----3' exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase I) functions in pathways of postreplication repair (both for the repair of DSG and DSB) that are largely independent of the recF gene. Nucleotide excision repair. The repair of excision gaps is independent of the recA gene in cells with unreplicated chromosomes, but is recA dependent in cells with partially replicated chromosomes at the time of UV irradiation. This recA-dependent repair of excision gaps appears to be analogous to the recF- and recB-dependent pathways of postreplication repair, i.e. the RecF pathway repairs DNA gaps, and the RecBCD pathway repairs the DSB that arise at unrepaired gaps. PMID- 3149976 TI - Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of hematoporphyrin, mesoporphyrin, pheophorbide a and chlorin e6 in ethanol and aqueous solution. AB - The fluorescence decay I(t) and time-resolved spectra I(lambda, t) of some porphyrins and chlorins in ethanol and phosphate-buffered aqueous solution were investigated with a time-correlated single-photon-counting apparatus with a mode locked Ar+ laser (514.5 nm) as the excitation source. The fluorescence of hematoporphyrin, mesoporphyrin and pheophorbide aa is considerably influenced by the conditions of aggregation (these compounds undergo aggregation in phosphate buffered solution but not in ethanolic solution). The fluorescence decay of chlorin e6 which remains monomeric in both solvents is single exponential in all cases. The fluorescence spectra of hematoporphyrin, mesoporphyrin and pheophorbide a in phosphate-buffered solution are shifted with respect to the spectra obtained in ethanol; moreover, a new emission band (X band) appears, whose intensity increases on increasing the amount of equilibrium aggregates and shows a fast fluorescence decay. For hematoporphyrin and mesoporphyrin the appearance of the X band emission appears to be correlated with irreversible photoprocesses leading to fluorescent photoproducts. Analysis of the reported fluorescence spectra of cancer cells after incubation with hematoporphyrin derivative suggests that the fluorescent photoproducts might be formed also in vivo. PMID- 3149977 TI - Tetrahydrobenzo-4,6-dimethylangelicin: a new angular furocoumarin forming inter strand photo-cross-links. PMID- 3149978 TI - Tin-protoporphyrin and neonatal jaundice. PMID- 3149979 TI - Detection of singlet oxygen luminescence with germanium avalanche photodiodes. PMID- 3149981 TI - UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in human skin: dose response, correlation with erythema, time course and split dose exposure in vivo. AB - Unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) has been shown to be saturated above a threshold dose of UV-C in human fibroblasts in vitro. We have investigated by autoradiography whether a similar saturation occurs in human skin in vivo with UV B and whether this phenomenon correlates with the erythemal response. In addition, we determined the time course of UDS at 24 h after exposure and the effect of dual exposures separated by 24 h. The dose-response curve was established by exposure to 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 MEDs UV-B. For the time-course study, areas exposed to 1/2 and 2 MEDs were biopsied after 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. Autoradiography was performed in vitro. The dose-response curve showed a significant increase in UDS from 1/16 to 1 minimal erythema dose (MED), whereas no significant difference was observed between 1 MED and the higher UV-B doses tested. The 24 h time sequence revealed a gradual decrease in UDS activity. The 1/2 MED curve declined more rapidly and reached the zero-level between 12 h and 24 h, whereas about 50% of the initial UDS value was still retained 24 h after 2 MEDs. The dual-dose study revealed that a second hit of fractions of the MED resulted in lower levels of UDS than induced by these fractions alone in previously untreated areas. UDS increases with the erythemal dose between 1/16 and 1 MED. It reaches a plateau after 1 MED and cannot be increased by doses up to 6 MEDs, suggesting a saturation of excision repair in vivo. Time course studies support such a saturation phenomenon. The failure to increase significantly UDS by a second irradiation 24 h after the first exposure needs further clarification. Since persistence of DNA lesions may lead to an accumulation after repeated exposures, additional mechanisms other than excision repair may protect human skin by error-free removal of possibly mutagenic sites. Photoreactivation may be important in this respect. PMID- 3149980 TI - Partial tRNA deacylation specifically triggers Escherichia coli cell volume reduction. AB - Limitation of Escherichia coli cell growth rate either by means of continuous 366 nm illumination, which is known to decrease the in vivo acylation level of some tRNA species, or by means of specific inhibitors of tRNA acylation allows the division rate to remain unchanged for a few generations, resulting in cell volume reduction. In contrast the cell volume remains stable or increases after treatment with inhibitors of DNA replication and transcription, or with drugs acting at any other step of protein synthesis. The conclusion that limiting acylation of some tRNA species is the triggering event is confirmed by the use of thermosensitive mutants of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases or of tRNA (the divE strain mutated in the tRNA1Ser gene). Other cellular responses modulate the expression of cell volume reduction. The relA+ stringent response helps expression of the effect but does not appear to be strictly required. However, cell volume reduction may be masked under conditions triggering the SOS response. The data suggest that tRNA acylation is one of the major steps where cells sense change in their nutrient environment. PMID- 3149982 TI - Light dosimetry: status and prospects. AB - This paper is a report on the state of the art of light dosimetry in photomedicine and photobiology. The basic quantity of interest is the radiant energy fluence rate, which can either be measured using a suitable probe, or calculated theoretically from measured optical constants. First, theoretical models used to analyse experimental transmission and reflection data are briefly discussed. It is shown that a two-flux model derived from the transport equation in the diffusion approximation resembles the Kubelka-Munk and other heuristic models. This illustrates the limitations of these models and suggests their abandonment in favour of transport theory. For theoretical energy fluence rate calculations at least three optical constants are needed, namely the absorption coefficient, the scattering coefficient and the average cosine of the scattering angle. These three constants have been measured for very few tissues. In principle only two of the three constants can be measured directly on thin samples, independent of a theoretical model. The energy fluence rate can be measured quantitatively with a miniature fibre optic probe with isotropic response. Such measurements allow indirect determination of the three optical constants. It appears that we are just beginning to understand the distribution of light energy fluence rate in tissues. Tasks for the near future are comparison of methods to measure optical constants, quantitative checks of calculated and measured energy fluence rates in model tissues and optical phantoms and further development of theoretical models. Particular attention is required for boundary conditions, with and without refractive index matching. PMID- 3149983 TI - Two-step photoactivation of hematoporphyrin by excimer-pumped dye-laser pulses. AB - The selective excitation of high lying singlet or triplet states of hematoporphyrin has been achieved using high peak-power nanosecond pulses generated by excimer-pumped dye lasers. The interaction involves two steps: a pulse at 630 nm raises the molecules to the S1 state and a second one, at 481 nm, further excites them either to a higher singlet state if shed simultaneously or to a triplet state higher in energy than T1 if it arrives delayed with respect to the pulse at 630 nm by a time interval longer than the S1 lifetime. Photodegradation of L-tryptophan (100 microM in 30vol.%methanol-70vol.% buffer, pH 7.4) sensitized by 21 microM hematoporphyrin is reported. While a pure type-II mechanism, which obeys the time-intensity reciprocity law up to peak-intensity values of about 20 MW cm-2, is photosensitized by pulses at 630 nm, strong non linearities are found for pulsed irradiation at both 630 nm and 481 nm, i.e. when the sensitizer is pumped to high lying singlet states and when it is pumped to high lying triplet states. The dependence of the subsequent reactions on the presence of oxygen and their competition with the photodynamic action has been investigated; in particular, a pathway was observed in which an electron was photoejected from a hematoporphyrin high energy triplet, showing maximum efficiency when the pulses were delayed by 16.4 ns. PMID- 3149984 TI - Photodimerization of 4,6,4'-trimethylangelicin and 6,5-dimethylangelicin. AB - 4,6,4'-Trimethylangelicin and 6,5'-dimethylangelicin form C4-cyclodimers when irradiated in water-ethanol solution. The former compound yields a pyrone-pyrone dimer similar to that formed by psoralens. 6,5'-Dimethylangelicin forms both pyrone-pyrone and pyrone-furan dimers; this unusual dimer has the cis-syn configuration. PMID- 3149985 TI - Fluorescence of proteins induced by two-photon absorption. AB - At room temperature, the UV fluorescence of trypsin, thyroglobulin, hemoglobin and albumin are observed; these molecules undergo two-photon absorption when they are excited with the radiation of a frequency-duplicated Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. It is shown that the fluorescence of these proteins comes from the tryptophan residues and that it has a red shift of about 20 nm relative to the one-photon fluorescence. We suggest that the weak emission from tyrosine arises from the forbidden two-photon transition. The influence of concentration on the fluorescence of hemoglobin and tryptophan is discussed. The two-photon absorption cross-sections are estimated. PMID- 3149986 TI - Selected terms and symbols in photochemistry. IUPAC Commission of Photochemistry. PMID- 3149988 TI - The dose-response relationship for tumourigenesis by UV radiation in the region 311-312 nm. AB - Groups of hairless mice were irradiated daily with Philips TL01 UVB sources. This type of lamp has become available recently and was developed for UVB phototherapy of psoriasis. The TL01 emits radiation in a narrow band around 311-312 nm. Tumours developed on all animals. The dose-response relationship had practically the same shape as that found in a similar experiment with Westinghouse FS40 sunlamps; the tumour induction time appeared to be proportional to the daily dose to a power of -0.58. An additional experiment was performed with a TL01 from which the shorter wavelengths were filtered away. This reduced the carcinogenic effectiveness by a factor of 2.3. The potential of the filtered lamp for phototherapy of psoriasis is discussed. PMID- 3149987 TI - Photoimmunology: the mechanisms involved in immune modulation by UV radiation. AB - Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) may be the most prevalent agent that man encounters in his environment. As a result, certain biological adaptations take advantage of the beneficial effects of UVR exposure, e.g. the photoactivation steps involved in vitamin D metabolism. In this regard, UVR plays an important role in maintaining our good health; however, it must be noted that UVR is potentially the most harmful naturally occurring agent in our environment. Thus, it appears that several mechanisms have evolved to protect us against the detrimental effects of UVR overexposure. Although epidermal melaninization or "tanning" may be the most obvious example of these processes, we would argue that adoptive mechanisms within the immune system also provide protection against UVR-induced skin damage. It is now known that UVR affects the distribution and functional activities of various immunocompetent cells within the skin, as well as modifying the production of inflammatory and hematopoietically active cytokines. This review will focus on the known mechanisms involved in the immune modulatory effects of UVR and how adoptive immune responses to UVR-induced skin damage contribute to specific pathological processes. PMID- 3149989 TI - Fluorescence of hematoporphyrin in living cells and in solution. AB - The fluorescence properties of hematoporphyrin (Hp) and its derivative (HpD) were investigated in leukemia cells and in normal lymphocytes under a microscope, and the results were compared with those in solution. The spectra and the time behaviour of Hp (or HpD) fluorescence in living cells were found to be almost the same as those in Hp solution of very high concentration. This implies that Hp is much more concentrated in the cells than in the medium. It was also found that irradiation with intense light easily gives rise to a photoproduct which gives an additional peak in the fluorescence spectrum. Possible methods to increase the sensitivity of cancer detection and localization are discussed. PMID- 3149990 TI - Characterization of new furocoumarin derivatives by their dark and light-mediated action on RNA bacteriophage MS2. AB - The monofunctional and bifunctional furocoumarin derivatives 8-methyl-3 carbethoxypsoralen (8Me3CPs) and 8-methoxypsoralen (8MOP) as well as their thiosubstituted derivatives (2-thio-8Me3CPs and 2-thio-8MOP) were compared in terms of their reactivities towards a ribonucleoprotein, the bacteriophage MS2. The order of their photoreactivities differed from that measured with nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA. Besides their widely investigated photoreactivity, their biological activity in the dark and after pre-irradiation was quantified. A parameter was defined which compares the number of molecules acting in the dark for 1 h with the number of absorbed photons which lead to the same degree of inactivation. The parameter for the furocoumarin derivatives examined, including 3-carbethoxypsoralen (3CPs) and 4'-aminomethyl-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (AMT), was in the following order: AMT greater than 3CPs greater than 8MOP greater than 8Me3CPs greater than 8Me3CPsS approximately 8MOPS. A similar parameter was also determined for the dark effect of pre-irradiated compounds. PMID- 3149991 TI - Recovery of Chinese hamster cells following photosensitization by zinc tetrahydroxyphthalocyanine. AB - The phthalocyanine dyes are attractive sensitizers for photodynamic therapy of cancer. The light fluence response curves for photocytotoxicity of zinc tetrahydroxyphthalocyanine were constructed using the colony-forming ability of Chinese hamster cells as an end-point. The survival curve of cells photosensitized to white light by this dye has a pronounced shoulder followed by an exponential decline. Postillumination hypertonic treatment (0.5 M NaCl for 20 min at 37 degrees C) enhanced log-phase killing, although to a lesser extent than after exposure to ionizing radiation. While such an enhancement usually indicates that the cells are able to repair potentially lethal damage, delayed trypsinization of photosensitized cells in plateau-phase failed to show a significant increase in cell survival. Thus, the repair of such a damage in plateau-phase is apparently absent. Experiments with split light fluence indicated that log-phase cells can repair sublethal damage during a 24 h interval, as evidenced by the reappearance of the shoulder on the split-dose survival curve. PMID- 3149992 TI - The excited states of covalently linked dimeric porphyrins. I: The excited singlet states. AB - The ground state absorbance and emission properties of a series of covalently linked biporphyrins were studied, in both their neutral and dicationic forms. The fluorescence quantum yields determined are comparable in value with that obtained from haematoporphyrin IX. Soret band splitting is observed for porphyrin rings separated by a hydrocarbon chain containing 0-3 carbons joined at the beta,beta' ring positions. The biporphyrin linked directly at the meso position shows considerable steric hindrance and behaves like two independent chromophores. PMID- 3149994 TI - Facing hypoxia: a must for photodynamic therapy. PMID- 3149993 TI - Photoexchange products of cytosine and 5-methylcytosine with N alpha-acetyl-L lysine and L-lysine. AB - The photoinduced exchange reactions of cytosine (Ia) and 5-methylcytosine (IIa) with N alpha-acetyl-L-lysine, a derivative of the common amino acid L-lysine, were studied. These reactions of Ia and IIa at pH 7.5 produce, respectively, 2-N acetylamino-6-(1-cytosinyl)hexanoic acid (Ib) and 2-N-acetylamino-6-(1-(5 methylcytosinyl]hexanoic acid (IIb) as major final products. In addition, small amounts of the corresponding deamination products were formed in the 5 methylcytosine-N alpha-acetyl-L-lysine and cytosine-N alpha-acetyl-L-lysine systems, namely 2-N-acetylamino-6-(1-thyminyl)-hexanoic acid and 2-N-acetylamino 6-(1-uracilyl)hexanoic acid. The compounds Ib and IIb were deacetylated by acid hydrolysis to yield the corresponding lysine products: 2-amino-6-(1 cytosinyl)hexanoic acid (Ic) and 2-amino-6-(1-(5-methylcytosinyl]hexanoic acid (IIc). The compound Ic was identified as a product in the photoreaction of cytosine with L-lysine at near neutral pH, while IIc is found as a product in the corresponding reaction of 5-methylcytosine. The occurrence of the above photoexchange reactions at pH values near those found in physiological systems could have biological implications; in particular, our observations suggest that cytosine and 5-methylcytosine residues, contained in DNA, might react with the epsilon-amino groups of lysine residues in proteins upon UV irradiation of nucleosomes and other DNA-protein complexes under physiological conditions. PMID- 3149995 TI - Biochemical and chemical assays for monitoring the formation of DNA base photolesions. PMID- 3149996 TI - Immunological assay of 8-MOP photoadducts in DNA. PMID- 3149997 TI - The photoreaction of vacuum-dried rhodopsin at low temperature: evidence for charge stabilization by water. AB - The photoreaction of vacuum-dried rhodopsin was monitored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. The results indicate that in dry rhodopsin, isorhodopsin and lumirhodopsin a protonation equilibrium exists between the protonated and the non-protonated Schiff base. On hydration the water stabilizes the protonated forms. In metarhodopsin-I the protein itself is able to stabilize the protonated Schiff base. The direct involvement of water in the retinal binding site was demonstrated by measuring the rhodopsin-bathorhodopsin FTIR difference spectra of rhodopsin hydrated with H2O and H2(18)O. The results are discussed with respect to the problem of charge stabilization and energy storage. PMID- 3149998 TI - Laser flash photolysis of purpurins: novel potential photosensitizers of interest in photodynamic therapy. AB - Purpurins, a new class of photosensitizers of potential use in the photodynamic therapy of cancer, have been studied by laser spectroscopy to determine the properties of their excited states. For the two molecules studied, generation of triplet states and singlet oxygen (1O2) is very efficient. Singlet oxygen yields are presented for red and blue excitation though no significant wavelength effect is apparent. The promise these sensitizers have shown merits further investigation of other derivatives. PMID- 3149999 TI - Pyrrolocoumarin derivatives: DNA-binding properties. AB - The spectroscopic and DNA-binding properties of a number of pyrrolocoumarin derivatives, including linear tricyclic, angular tricyclic, linear tetracyclic and angular tetracyclic compounds were investigated. The compounds we examined form non-covalent complexes with duplex DNA, probably of the intercalation type. The binding constants are comparable with the constants found for the furocoumarin analogues. Although for some of the compounds the photoreactivity with DNA is comparable with that of 8-MOP, pyrrolocoumarins behave as monofunctional reagents. This fact is explained in terms of an increased delocalization of the 4',5' double bond in the pyrrole moiety. Denaturation renaturation experiments and HPLC analysis of the photoadducts confirm that pyrrolocoumarins are essentially monofunctional DNA-photobinding agents. PMID- 3150000 TI - Relative affinity of 5-methoxypsoralen and 8-methoxypsoralen towards beta cyclodextrin: a fluorescence, circular dichroism and chromatographic study. AB - The relative affinity of 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) and 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) towards beta-cyclodextrin, a good model for the study of lipophilic interactions in biological systems and a potential drug carrier, has been investigated using spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. The fluorescence emission of 5-MOP in aqueous solution containing beta-cyclodextrin (10(-2) M) is found to be markedly blue shifted and enhanced by a factor of 6 whereas no significant changes are observed for 8-MOP. The existence of an induced circular dichroism is evidence for the formation of a 1:1 inclusion complex (association constant K = 400 +/- 50 M-1). Moreover, chromatographic results obtained with a beta-cyclodextrin linked stationary phase are consistent with our spectroscopic results and might have interesting analytical implications. These results clearly demonstrate that, in contrast to 8-MOP, 5-MOP exhibits a strong affinity for hydrophobic medium. Interesting pharmacological and analytical applications may result from the possible inclusion of psoralen derivatives into beta-cyclodextrin. PMID- 3150002 TI - Effect of UV irradiation at defined wavelengths on the tertiary structure of double-stranded covalently closed circular DNA. AB - Double-stranded, covalently closed, supercoiled circular DNA from phage fd (replicative form) was irradiated with increasing doses of UV light at 254 nm, 290 nm, 313 nm and 365 nm, and subjected to electrophoresis on agarose slab gels. Increasing the doses of UV light at 254 and 290 nm promotes a smooth reduction in the electrophoretic mobility of the sample, as would be expected if the major effect of light at these two wavelengths were to induce the formation of photoproducts leading to the unwinding of the double strand. At high doses, UV light at 290 nm introduces single-strand breaks (1.2 kJ m-2 per nick per million phosphodiester bonds). UV light at 313 nm promotes an abrupt change in the electrophoretic mobility, as would be expected if the effect of this wavelength were to induce single-strand breaks, leading to the transformation of the supercoiled molecules in their relaxed form (23 kJ m-2 in order to introduce one nick per million phosphodiester bonds). UV light at 365 nm also promotes single strand breaks in DNA (140 kJ m-2 per nick per million phosphodiester bonds). PMID- 3150001 TI - Influence of the gel-liquid phase transition on hematoporphyrin triplet deactivation in liposomes. AB - The deactivation of the triplet state of hematoporphyrin and its dimethyl ester in unilamellar liposomes of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine was studied by nanosecond laser flash photolysis. It was found that the rate of deactivation increases abruptly on raising the temperature in the region of the gel-liquid phase transition of the lipid bilayer (41 degrees C). The rate of change has its maximum at 38.4 +/- 0.5 degree C for both porphyrins. This variation is due to the high lateral mobility of the porphyrins in the liquid-crystal bilayer, which enhances the rates of concentration triplet quenching and triplet-triplet annihilation. PMID- 3150003 TI - Photoaddition of angelicin to linolenic acid methyl ester. PMID- 3150004 TI - International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Organic Chemistry Division Commission on Photochemistry. Reference materials for fluorescence measurement. PMID- 3150005 TI - [Physico-chemical stability of emulsions: application to mixtures for parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 3150006 TI - Studies of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes: II--Inclusion complexes between alpha-cyclodextrin and N-desmethyldiazepam and chlordiazepoxide. PMID- 3150007 TI - Techniques for feeding the person with dysphagia. PMID- 3150008 TI - [Inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin and caffeine on two-stage carcinogenesis in mice]. PMID- 3150009 TI - Effects of cadmium in vitro on microsomal steroid metabolism in the inner and outer zones of the guinea pig adrenal cortex. AB - Studies were carried out to evaluate the effects of cadmium in vitro on microsomal steroid metabolism in the inner (zona reticularis) and outer (zona fasciculata and zona glomerulosa) zones of the guinea pig adrenal cortex. Microsomes from the inner zone have greater 21-hydroxylase than 17 alpha hydroxylase activity, resulting in the conversion of progesterone primarily to 11 deoxycorticosterone and of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone principally to its 21 hydroxylated metabolite, 11-deoxycortisol. Microsomes from the outer zones, by contrast, have far greater 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase activities than 21-hydroxylase activity. As a result, progesterone is converted primarily to its 17-hydroxylated metabolite, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone; and 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone is converted principally to delta 4-androstenedione, with only small amounts of 21-hydroxylated metabolites being produced. Addition of cadmium to incubations with inner zone microsomes causes concentration-dependent decreases in 21-hydroxylation and increases in 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C17,20 lyase activities, resulting in a pattern of steroid metabolism similar to that in normal outer zone microsomes. Cadmium similarly decreases 21-hydroxylation by outer zone microsomes but has no effect on the formation of 17-hydroxylated metabolites or on androgen (delta 4-androstenedione) production. In neither inner nor outer zone microsomes did cadmium affect cytochrome P-450 concentrations, steroid interactions with cytochrome(s) P-450, or NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activities. The results indicate that cadmium produces both quantitative and qualitative changes in adrenal microsomal steroid metabolism and that the nature of the changes differs in the inner and outer adrenocortical zones. In inner zone microsomes, there appears to be a reciprocal relationship between 21-hydroxylase and 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase activities which may influence the physiological function(s) of that zone. PMID- 3150010 TI - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin causes elevation of the levels of the protein tyrosine kinase pp60c-src. AB - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been found to cause increases in cellular levels of pp60src, a protein tyrosine kinase in hepatocytes from the rat and guinea pig, in the thymus of the mouse in vivo and in NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblast cell lines in vitro. Such cellular changes take place in vivo at early stages of TCDD poisoning (as early as one day after treatment in the case of mouse thymus) and at very low doses (single intraperitoneal injections of 1 microgram/kg for guinea pigs, 25 micrograms/kg for rats, and 30 micrograms/kg for mice). In addition such an effect of TCDD was observed only in a TCDD-responsive mouse strain but not in a nonresponsive strain. This effect of TCDD is a long lasting one (eg, even 25 days after single dosing, the levels of pp60src in the hepatic membrane remained high). In vitro this effect was observed in a wild-type 3T3 cell line but was more pronounced in one of the transfected lines with a v src gene, a virus-derived oncogene known to code for pp60src protein. PMID- 3150011 TI - Dissociated production of interleukin-2 and immune gamma-interferon by phytohaemoagglutinin stimulated peripheral mononuclear cells in type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes. AB - In order to analyze the first steps of T cell activation in type 1 diabetes we studied in vitro IL-2 and gamma-IFN production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells after 24 h PHA stimulation. There was a significant decrease in IL-2 production by mononuclear cells of the diabetic patients with respect to the controls. No significant difference was observed between the diabetic patients and the healthy subjects as regards gamma-IFN production. These observations may be interesting in relation to the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in type 1 diabetes. In particular, normal gamma-IFN production may indicate integrity of the natural killer circuit. PMID- 3150012 TI - Production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by monocytes from cancer patients and healthy subjects induced by OK-432 in vitro, and its augmentation by human interferon gamma. AB - A cytostatic factor was induced in the supernatants of human blood monocytes cultured in vitro with OK-432 at 0.01 KE/ml or more. This cytostatic activity was almost completely abolished by anti-human TNF antibody, and so was thought to be that of TNF. Recombinant human gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) alone did not induce TNF as described in other reports, but enhanced the induction of TNF by OK-432 when added to monocytes before or with OK-432. Monocytes of 20 patients with cancer of the digestive tract and 10 healthy donors were tested for ability to produce cytostatic activity. The frequencies of positive responses to OK-432 and the mean cytostatic activities of the two groups were similar. Moreover both groups included high responders whose monocytes produced potent cytostatic activity with OK-432 alone, and also low responders. Interestingly, marked synergistic effects of IFN-gamma and OK-432 were observed with monocytes that did not produce potent cytostatic activity with OK-432 alone. These results suggested that OK-432 may have a stronger immunomodulatory effect clinically when used in combination with IFN-gamma. PMID- 3150013 TI - [An analysis of disseminated intravascular coagulation by fibrinopeptides]. PMID- 3150014 TI - [Transient erythroblastopenia with many ringed sideroblasts]. PMID- 3150016 TI - [Studies on the infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. (I)--Isolation of M. pneumoniae and clinicopathological analysis]. PMID- 3150015 TI - [Clinical research of non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis]. PMID- 3150017 TI - [Quantitation of hemagglutinins by the planimetry of precipitated erythrocyte patterns--3. Application to MN and Rh blood group determination from dried bloodstains]. PMID- 3150018 TI - Coronary artery spasm during coronary artery bypass surgery: its diagnosis, treatment and prevention. AB - Between 1982 and 1983, we experienced four cases of hemodynamic collapse accompanied by an ST-segment depression in the ECG lead II, shortly after the cessation of cardiopulmonary bypass. The bypass graft flows monitored in these patients during the hemodynamic collapse episodes were remarkably low. In three cases, nitroglycerin (0.5-1 mg) was injected directly into the vein graft, which increased the graft flow suddenly, returned the ST-segment to the baseline, and improved the circulatory condition. Since 1984, however, diltiazem has been used in the cardioplegic solution and postoperative drip infusion. Due to the introduction of this drug, coronary artery spasm has not been seen in any of our patients since. These findings show that the monitoring of ST-segment changes and bypass graft flows are useful in the early diagnosis of coronary artery spasm after myocardial revascularization. Direct infusion of nitroglycerin into the vein graft is effective for the treatment of spasm, while diltiazem is useful in the prevention of coronary artery spasm incidental to myocardial revascularization. PMID- 3150021 TI - [Mycobacterium avium complex bacteria probably live longer than other slowly growing mycobacteria]. PMID- 3150019 TI - Postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy with mitomycin C, futraful and PSK for gastric cancer. An analysis of data on 579 patients followed for five years. AB - In order to evaluate the combination of immunochemotherapy with mitomycin C (MMC), futraful (FT) and PSK, as an adjuvant to surgery for curatively resected gastric cancer, a randomized controlled study by the sealed envelope method was performed with the participation of 97 hospitals in the Kyushu and Chugoku districts of Japan. The MMC + FT + PSK group showed a significant increase in 5 year survival from the other groups (p less than 0.05). Moreover the survival rate was significantly higher in the MMC + FT + PSK group than in the MMC + FT group (p less than 0.01). According to the analysis on stratification, the MMC + FT + PSK group showed the best survival rate in cases with positive lymph node metastases, positive serosal invasion and positive lymph node metastases plus serosal invasion, and in cases of undifferentiated carcinoma by histological type and in those with a preoperative positive PPD reaction (p less than 0.01 or p less than 0.05). Thus, the combination of MMC, FT and PSK was indicated to be useful as an adjuvant immunochemotherapy for those patients with gastric cancer submitted to curative resection. PMID- 3150020 TI - The thrombolytic effect of human tissue-type plasminogen activator on the experimental thrombosis in rabbit. PMID- 3150022 TI - The anti-aging effect of pearl oyster shell powder (POSP). PMID- 3150023 TI - Antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis group B or E. coli K1 bind to the brains of infant rats in vitro but not in vivo. AB - The binding of monoclonal and polyclonal IgG antibodies specific to the capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis group B and E. coli K1 was tested to the cross-reacting polysialosyl structures previously shown to be present in the brain of infant rats (Lancet 1983; ii: 355-7). Strong immunofluorescence was obtained after in vitro incubation of the brains of 1 to 13 days old rats with the antibodies whereas the brains of adult rats remained negative. The number of antibody-binding structures decreased as a function of age, being highest at the age of 1 to 5 days. However, when the same antibodies were injected intraperitoneally into the infant rat, or into the mother rat 2 days before parturition, no binding of antibodies to the infant rat brain tissue was observed. PMID- 3150024 TI - Independence of macrophage activation and expression of the alleles of the Ity (immunity to typhimurium) locus. AB - These studies demonstrate that alleles at the Ity locus do not affect T cell dependent activation of macrophages by Corynebacterium parvum. Using a genetic analysis involving mice expressing various combinations of the Ityr, Itys, Lpsd, and Lpsn alleles we also show that the expression of the Ity alleles is not dependent on the ability of LPS to active macrophages. Since macrophage activation is though to be important in the killing of salmonella, these findings favor a mechanism of action of the Ity locus that does not involve bacterial killing. PMID- 3150025 TI - The effect of gamma-interferon during Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) infection in athymic and euthymic mice. PMID- 3150026 TI - Enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes-reactive L3T4+ T cells activated during infection. AB - A limiting dilution system was developed which allows minimal estimates of the number of Listeria monocytogenes-reactive T cells from infected mice. Limiting numbers of T cells were restimulated in vitro with accessory cells in the presence or absence of antigen (heat-killed L. monocytogenes organisms) and proliferative responses determined. The responding T cells resided entirely within the L374+, Lyt2- (helper/inducer) T-cell subset. L. monocytogenes-reactive T cells were not demonstrable in uninfected mice nor during the first 3 or 4 days of infection. In contrast, on days 4 or 5, respectively, of infection approximately 1/1000 T cells showed a response to L. monocytogenes. Their frequency declined only slightly over the subsequent weeks and still was as high as 1/4900 4 weeks after infection when no bacteria were present in the host. The frequency of L. monocytogenes-reactive T cells depended on the number and virulence of the infecting organisms, the highest sublethal dose of virulent bacteria inducing the highest frequency. Chemotherapeutic shortening of infection between days 3 and 4 resulted in a six-fold reduction of reactive T cells. Thus, the frequency of L. monocytogenes-reactive T cells depended on the presence of bacteria in the host during the first 3 to 4 days of infection. These findings may have implications for the rational design of vaccines directed against intracellular bacterial pathogens as they raise the question whether attenuated bacterial strains of low persistence can induce sufficiently high T-cell numbers required for protective immunity. PMID- 3150027 TI - Expression of the innate resistance gene Ity in mouse Kupffer cells infected with Salmonella typhimurium in vitro. AB - Early innate resistance to salmonellae in mice is controlled by the chromosome 1 gene Ity which regulates the in vivo net growth rate of bacteria in the RES by an unknown mechanism. It similarly controls innate resistance to Leishmania donovani, BCG and Mycobacterium lepraemurium. Murine Kupffer cell cultures were infected with virulent Salmonella typhimurium and followed for 12 h. Multiresistant organisms were used so that the antibiotics in the medium could not interfere with the results; extracellular bacteria were removed by repeated washes. Monolayers from resistant Ityr (C3H/He, CBA, A/J) and Ityr/s (B10 x A/J)F1 mice resisted infection with S. typhimurium C5 better than those from susceptible Itys (DBA/1, BALB/c, B10.M) mice, which were progressively lost from the culture plates at a faster rate than resistant monolayers. Organisms were clearly visible inside large vacuoles in the macrophages. The results confirm and amplify results of others on salmonella-infected peritoneal and splenic macrophages, and support the view that the Ity gene is expressed as a function of macrophages. PMID- 3150028 TI - [Chagas' disease and blood transfusion: trypanocidal activity of maprotiline hydrochloride and gentian violet]. PMID- 3150030 TI - [Purulent pericarditis, pleural effusion and acute arterial occlusion of a lower limb]. PMID- 3150029 TI - Esophageal motility in chagasic patients. PMID- 3150031 TI - [Something new about an old acquaintance: the tuberculous bacillus]. PMID- 3150032 TI - [Personal experience in the treatment of malignant epilepsies in children using high doses of intravenous immunoglobulins]. PMID- 3150033 TI - Microwave radiation, in the absence of hyperthermia, has no detectable effect on synapsin I levels or phosphorylation. AB - Recent reports have indicated that microwave radiation can produce effects on a variety of cell types in vitro. To determine whether microwave radiation might be neurotoxic, the effects of microwave radiation on synapsin I have been examined. Synapsin I is a neuron-specific phosphoprotein that is present in all neurons, where it is localized to the presynaptic terminal and is associated with synaptic vesicles. O'Callaghan and Miller have demonstrated that studies of such neuron specific proteins can provide reliable indices of neurotoxicity. We have used a radioimmunoassay for synapsin I to determine whether microwave irradiation has any effect on the levels of synapsin I. Neither acute nor chronic exposure to microwave irradiation had any detectable effect on synapsin I levels. We have also examined the calcium-dependent phosphorylation of synapsin I in synaptosomes isolated from rats that had been subjected to microwave radiation. The phosphorylation of synapsin I in synaptosomes reflects numerous components of the presynaptic aspect of neuronal transmission. At intensities below that required to produce mild hyperthermia, no effects of microwave irradiation were seen on synapsin I phosphorylation. PMID- 3150035 TI - Nucleic acid sandwich hybridization: enhanced reaction rate with magnetic microparticles as carriers. AB - A method for the detection of nucleic acid hybrids using the sandwich hybridization technique with magnetic polystyrene microparticles as the solid support is described. The capture DNA is coupled to the polystyrene-hydroxy surface of the particles through p-toluenesulfonyl chloride activation. The use of microparticles results in a substantial increase in the reaction rate compared to filter hybridization, without decreasing the sensitivity of detection. Polyethylene glycol additionally enhances the reaction rate. The use of magnetic microparticles allows rapid and convenient collection of the formed hybrids. PMID- 3150034 TI - Behavioral effects of prenatal methoxy-ethyl-mercury chloride exposure in rat pups. AB - A number of neurotoxic drugs, when administered prenatally, induce neurobehavioral impairments and cause delay of the development of central nervous functions, without morphological malformations. Experiments were undertaken to clarify the behavioral teratogenicity of the fungicide methoxy-ethyl-mercury chloride (MEMC). CFY rat dams were treated with different doses of MEMC during 7th-15th days of gestation (2.0, 0.62 and 0.02 mg/kg daily), perorally. Development of gait, motor coordination, behavior patterns in an open field test, swimming, and conditioned avoidance learning were tested at different ages of rat pups. MEMC did not cause any mortality of dams, but there was a mild ataxia at the 2.0 mg/kg treatment. While birthweight, number of offspring, ear-eye opening and gait were normal, unexpectedly high mortality occurred perinatally. After weaning, open field behavior was nearly normal, there was a mild decrease of rearing, grooming and ambulation and an initial preference for the periphery of the open field decreased. Ambulation increased significantly in 90-day-old pups. Motor coordination on a rotorod decreased in 23- and 36-day-old pups, but increased in 90-day-old pups at the 2.0 mg/kg dose. There was no difference among groups in amphetamine sensitivity tested in a swim stress test. During avoidance conditioning, pups treated with the two higher doses performed poorly when compared to controls and the latency of the positive conditioned response was lengthened significantly. Our results show a dose-dependent behavioral teratogenicity of this organomercurial fungicide. The so called no effect level- as far as the neurobehavioral impairments due to prenatal exposure are concerned- is 0.02 mg/kg daily. PMID- 3150036 TI - [Evaluation of the efficacy of enteral nutrition carried out through various routes of administration]. PMID- 3150038 TI - [Breath test using C-13-trioleate in the evaluation of the rate of fatty acid metabolism after parenteral feeding of premature and newborn infants]. PMID- 3150037 TI - [Effect of Streptococci on epithelial cells of the vagina of albino inbred mice NMRI]. PMID- 3150039 TI - [Physiological interferons and their role in the body. I. Biological activities of interferons]. PMID- 3150040 TI - [Physiological interferons and their role in the body. II. Synthesis, variability and the role of physiological interferons]. PMID- 3150041 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for thyrotropin releasing hormone and benzyl alcohol in injectable formulation. AB - A stability-indicating, high-performance liquid chromatographic method is presented for the determination of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and benzyl alcohol in a multidose injectable formulation. Separation is achieved on a microparticulate octadecylsilica column, with pH 2.2 ion-pair reagent (octanesulfonic acid, sodium salt) solution/methanol/acetonitrile/triethylamine (92:4:4:0.01), at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min and a detection wavelength of 215 nm. p-Aminobenzoic acid is used as an internal standard. The relative standard deviations of the method are +/- 0.6% for TRH and +/- 0.7% for benzyl alcohol. Recoveries from standard additions to placebos ranged from 99.0 to 101.3 and 99.7 to 101.8% for TRH and benzyl alcohol, respectively. PMID- 3150042 TI - Automated stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for ethinyl estradiol and (levo)norgestrel tablets. AB - An automated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for ethinyl estradiol and norgestrel or levonorgestrel in oral contraceptive tablets was developed. Tablets were prepared for on-line injection using a solid sampler and segmented continuous flow techniques. The active components were separated from tablet excipients, impurities, and degradation products on reversed-phase C8 and C18 columns by elution with water-acetonitrile-methanol (45:35:15). A UV detector connected in series with a fluorometric detector measured the UV absorbance of levonorgestrel and norgestrel at 240 nm and the fluorescence of ethinyl estradiol at 310 nm (excitation at 210 nm). The method employed computer control of the injection system and solid sampler for synchronization of the chromatographic and segmented flow streams. The method is applicable for content uniformity and stability testing at a rate of eight samples per hour. PMID- 3150043 TI - Pharmacokinetics of gold sodium thiomalate in rabbits. AB - Male, New Zealand white rabbits (3.5-4.3 kg) received a single 2-mg/kg dose of gold sodium thiomalate (Myochrysine) via intramuscular (N = 4) and intravenous (N = 3) routes. Blood samples were drawn from the marginal ear vein for a period of 5-10 days. The concentration of gold in whole blood was determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The blood concentration-time profiles obtained following both routes of administration were best described by a two-compartment open model with first-order absorption for the intramuscular route. Gold was absorbed rapidly with a mean (harmonic) absorption half-life of 9.0 min, with a peak concentration of 6.0 +/- 1.0 micrograms/ml (N = 4). Blood concentrations declined in a biphasic manner; the mean alpha half-lives were 0.738 and 1.78 hr for the iv and im routes, respectively. The corresponding terminal (beta) half-lives were 54.1 and 63.0 hr. The estimated volume of the central compartment (70 to 93 ml/kg) agreed closely with the rabbit blood volume. The mean (+/- SD) extent of the dose absorbed following intramuscular injection was 68.9 +/- 12.4%. PMID- 3150044 TI - Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator: a brief review. AB - Thrombolytic therapy has received renewed attention with the demonstration that early treatment of acute myocardial infarction with plasminogen activators can reduce mortality. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a protein with attributes that may allow for greater efficacy and safety. Recombinant DNA technology has enabled the production of sufficient t-PA, called rt-PA (Activase), for substantial clinical evaluation. The results suggest that Activase is a significant advance in thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 3150045 TI - The effect of vehicle additives on the transdermal delivery of nitroglycerin. PMID- 3150046 TI - Therapeutic effect of dexamethasone in T-2 toxicosis. AB - T-2 Toxin is a mycotoxin that induces toxemia characterized by numerous hematological and biochemical changes. We have previously shown that prostaglandin (PG) production in brain tissue is increased following T-2 toxin. The present study was designed in order to test the effect of dexamethasone on brain prostaglandins and survival of rats subjected to T-2 toxin. Furthermore, the effect of BW 755c, a dual inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonate metabolism, on the survival of rats exposed to T-2 toxin was also examined. The present study demonstrated that dexamethasone increases the survival of rats exposed to a highly lethal T-2 toxicosis. This effect was demonstrated at low as well as high doses and at different times after T-2 administration. Dexamethasone depressed PGE2 levels in the brain cortex 6 hr after T-2 toxin but abolished the reduction of PGE2 in brain cortex seen 24 hr after T-2. BW 755c had no consistent effect on the survival of rats in T-2 toxicosis. It is suggested that dexamethasone might be a useful therapeutic agent in T-2 toxicosis in animals and humans, but its mechanism of action remains obscure. PMID- 3150049 TI - [Report of the National President Angelina Cordova. The activities of the National Nurses' Association from 1985 to 1988]. PMID- 3150047 TI - The adjuvant effect of bacitracin on nasal absorption of gonadorelin and buserelin in rats. AB - Nasal absorption of gonadorelin (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone; LH-RH) and buserelin, an LH-RH agonist, was studied in anesthetized rats. Administration of peptides was by nasal instillation of aqueous peptide/buffer solutions. Peptide absorption was monitored using different techniques: (a) by specific radioimmunoassays for serum levels of lutropin (LH), (b) by the cumulative urinary excretion of buserelin, and (c) by the ovulatory activity after nasal LH RH and buserelin, respectively. Without adjuvant the nasal absorption of LH-RH and buserelin was relatively poor compared to subcutaneous or intravenous injection. Using absorption adjuvants of different types, e.g., sodium taurodihydrofusidate (STDHF) and bacitracin, marked increases in nasal absorption and, therefore, significant nasal adjuvant activity were found, as demonstrated by an increase in the biological response after nasal administration of the peptides. The mucosal compatibility of bacitracin at the concentrations used for enhancement of absorption was confirmed by an in vitro investigation using isolated gastric mucosa of guinea pigs as a test model. PMID- 3150048 TI - Capillary gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of nitroglycerin and its denitration products in plasma. AB - A convenient, specific, and sensitive capillary gas chromatographic (GC) assay for analyzing nanogram concentrations of nitroglycerin and its dinitro- and mononitrometabolites in plasma has been developed. Using a bonded-phase (DB-1) 30 m, 1-micron-thick film capillary column and a 1-m, 5-microns-thick film precolumn, separation of nitroglycerin and all four partially nitrated metabolites was achieved in less than 15 min. On-column injection, electron capture detection, and isothermal operation at 100 degrees C yielded a linear extraction curve over a 300-ng/ml range without any need to concentrate sample extracts. Using methyl t-butyl ether as extraction solvent and o chloronitrobenzene as internal standard, recoveries from plasma spiked at levels greater than 10 ng/ml approximated 35% for the 1-monometabolite, 40% for the 2 monometabolite, and greater than 90% for all others. The method was employed in a pharmacokinetic study of nitroglycerin administered intravenously to beagle dogs. Plasma samples were collected at various time points and analyzed. PMID- 3150050 TI - [The development of a global instrument for evaluating the quality of nursing care]. PMID- 3150051 TI - [Slogans and acculturation]. PMID- 3150052 TI - [Nursing research as a necessity]. PMID- 3150053 TI - [Bringing up to date and continuing education in the Piedmont region]. PMID- 3150054 TI - [Nursing education and the computer: toward a new "quality" of teaching]. PMID- 3150055 TI - [A critical case process. A critical review of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) simulated in a surgery department by nursing students]. PMID- 3150056 TI - [Service to man, however small or large, is a privilege!]. PMID- 3150057 TI - [Better care? Reflections on Ministerial Decree DM 13-9-88]. PMID- 3150059 TI - [The effect of cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors on anaphylactic vasodepression ex vivo in mice and rats]. AB - Cyclooxygenase inhibitors (diclofenac, indomethacin, piroxicam) does not or only hardly inhibit anaphylactic vasodepression, except acetylsalicylic acid which could act as an oxygen free radical scavenger. However, the dual blocker BW 755 c strongly improves vasodepression. Pure lipoxygenase inhibitors (nordihydroguajaretic acid, oxphaman) only moderately improve vasodepression, the leukotriene antagonist FPL 55,712 is hardly effective. Obviously, endogenous prostaglandins do not and leukotrienes do take little part in the pathogenesis of anaphylactic vasodepression in the mouse and rat. PMID- 3150058 TI - Anti-inflammatory activity of benzopyrones that are inhibitors of cyclo- and lipo oxygenase. AB - The anti-inflammatory activity of three benzo-pyrones with prevalent lipooxigenase-inhibitory activity was studied using the Croton oil ear test in mice, in comparison with nordihydroguaieretic acid (NDGA) and indomethacin. Kaempferol, quercetin and NDGA possess a strong and prolonged anti-inflammatory effect, whereas the action of indomethacin appears relevant, but not long lasting. In contrast the anti-inflammatory activity of esculetin is rather weak, but persistent. PMID- 3150060 TI - [Antitubercular agents. 44. N,N-dialkyldithiooxamide]. PMID- 3150061 TI - [Blue algae as a source of pharmacologically active compounds]. PMID- 3150062 TI - Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some new 2-aryloxymethyl-3-substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones. PMID- 3150064 TI - [Psychiatry and neurology in basic medical care. Proceedings of the meeting of the East German Society of Psychiatry and Neurology with international participation. 26-29 October 1986, Neubrandenburg]. PMID- 3150063 TI - Cost effectiveness and efficacy of below knee against above knee graduated compression stockings in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis. PMID- 3150065 TI - [The day clinic as the basic treatment in ambulatory therapy of alcoholic patients]. PMID- 3150066 TI - [Analysis of patient data at the beginning and end of ambulatory day care treatment of alcoholic patients]. PMID- 3150068 TI - [Current aspects of fetal alcohol damage]. PMID- 3150067 TI - [Long-term follow-up of alcohol-dependent patients following complex 4-month inpatient withdrawal treatment]. PMID- 3150069 TI - [Embryo-fetal alcohol syndrome]. PMID- 3150070 TI - [Alcoholic encephalopathies--diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 3150071 TI - [Death by drowning and the effects of alcohol]. PMID- 3150072 TI - [Peculiarities of the development of atherosclerosis in brain vessels in alcoholic patients]. PMID- 3150073 TI - [The relation of basic management and intensive care in clinical neurology]. PMID- 3150074 TI - [Basic, specialized and highly specialized care in the specialties of psychiatry and neurology]. PMID- 3150075 TI - [Treatment of epileptic patients--who and where?]. PMID- 3150077 TI - [Ethical questions in the management of psychiatric patients]. PMID- 3150076 TI - [The hospital nursing home as a partner and supplement of district neurology clinics]. PMID- 3150078 TI - [Responsibilities of the pediatric neuropsychiatrist in early diagnosis, early treatment and early rehabilitation of brain damaged children within the territory (a management model)]. PMID- 3150079 TI - [After-care of former underweight newborn infants]. PMID- 3150080 TI - [The need for cooperation of the pediatric neuropsychiatrist with rehabilitation facilities of a district]. PMID- 3150081 TI - [What conclusions can be drawn from the study of developmental courses for school admission?]. PMID- 3150082 TI - [Treatment and management strategies of children with brain tumors]. PMID- 3150083 TI - [Purulent meningitis in childhood--some important aspects for basic medical management]. PMID- 3150084 TI - [The differential diagnosis of transient ischemic attacks and primary reversible neurologic deficit, an analysis of 133 cases]. PMID- 3150085 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of occlusive syndromes of the internal carotid artery]. PMID- 3150086 TI - [Intensive treatment of acute cerebral mass hemorrhages]. PMID- 3150088 TI - [The status of Doppler ultrasound sonography in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 3150087 TI - [Cerebrovascular insufficiency caused by extracranial vascular changes--results of surgical therapy]. PMID- 3150089 TI - [The value of somatosensory evoked potentials for the prognosis of cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 3150090 TI - [The prognostic value of brain stem auditory evoked potentials and CT findings in cerebrovascular and hypoxic coma conditions]. PMID- 3150091 TI - [Changes in brain stem potentials in disorders of efferent control]. PMID- 3150092 TI - [New knowledge on the value of the P 300 component of the event related brain potential]. PMID- 3150093 TI - [The effect of various stimulation conditions on the P2 latency of the visual evoked potential]. PMID- 3150094 TI - [Diagnosis of lumbosacral nerve root lesions using H-, T-reflex and somatosensory evoked potentials]. PMID- 3150095 TI - [The value of acoustically evoked brain stem potentials in the differential diagnosis of acute alcoholic psychoses]. PMID- 3150097 TI - [Examination strategies in hereditary neuromuscular diseases]. PMID- 3150096 TI - [Responsibilities and establishing goals for neuromuscular diseases in the Dresden district]. PMID- 3150098 TI - [Development of a computer-assisted disease register for hereditary neuromuscular diseases in the Dresden district]. PMID- 3150099 TI - [Diagnostic and expert assessment aspects of iatrogenic nerve damage]. PMID- 3150100 TI - [Therapy of polyneuropathies]. PMID- 3150101 TI - [The role of medical biological studies in research on the pathogenesis of alcoholism]. PMID- 3150102 TI - [Alcoholism--organizational models--diagnostic strategy--therapeutic concepts]. PMID- 3150103 TI - [News in Czechoslovakian alcohology]. PMID- 3150104 TI - [The value of laboratory markers in the diagnosis of alcoholism]. PMID- 3150105 TI - [Inpatient and ambulatory management of alcoholic patients within the scope of a sectorized psychiatric management system]. PMID- 3150106 TI - [Territorial organization of detection and management of alcoholic patients in the Leipzig district]. PMID- 3150107 TI - [The possibilities of "immediate treatment" of alcoholic patients]. PMID- 3150108 TI - [Recurrence--its classification in substance-dependent diseases and theoretical and practical aspects of analysis, processing and prevention]. PMID- 3150109 TI - [Motivation for alcoholism in females--a study from 2 Thuringen districts]. PMID- 3150111 TI - Paraneuronal grafts in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats: morphological aspects of adrenal chromaffin and carotid body glomus cell implants. PMID- 3150110 TI - Transplantation of embryonic marmoset dopaminergic neurons to the corpus striatum of marmosets rendered parkinsonian by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine. PMID- 3150112 TI - Neurochemical correlates of behavioral changes following intraventricular adrenal medulla grafts: intraventricular microdialysis in freely moving rats. PMID- 3150114 TI - Biosynthesis of peptidyl leukotrienes and other lipoxygenase products by rat pancreatic islets. Comparison with macrophages and neutrophils. AB - Biochemical evidence in support of a role for arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase activity in pancreatic islet insulin secretion has been obtained. Peptidyl leukotriene metabolism was studied in rat islets using a dual-labeling technique in extended culture, with analysis of arachidonic acid metabolites by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The production of [3H]arachidonoyl/[35S]cysteinyl leukotrienes C4 and E4 by islets was compared with that by mouse resident peritoneal macrophages and with the lipoxygenase metabolism of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The stimulus-specific nature of leukotriene biosynthesis was characterized by low basal biosynthesis in unstimulated islet cells with a calcium-mediated activation of 5-lipoxygenase product formation. PMID- 3150113 TI - The effects of lipoxygenase inhibitor and peptidoleukotriene antagonist on myocardial injury in a canine coronary occlusion-reperfusion model. AB - We studied effects of lipoxygenase inhibitor (AA-861) and peptidoleukotriene antagonist (ONO-1078) on infarct size, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNs) infiltration, gross myocardial hemorrhage and ventricular arrhythmias in canine coronary occlusion (2 hr)-reperfusion (5 hr) model. Infarct size (IS) and risk area (RA) were determined by dual staining technique. Thirty minutes before coronary occlusion dogs were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups: lipoxygenase inhibitor group (n = 11) receiving AA-861 3 mg/kg i.v., peptidoleukotriene antagonist group (n = 11) receiving continuous intravenous infusion of ONO-1078 1 micrograms/kg/min and vehicle control group (n = 15). Both AA-861 and ONO-1078 reduced infarct size [AA-861: 21.8 +/- 1.3% of RA (mean +/- SEM), ONO-1078: 22.5 +/- 4.4% vs CONTROL: 54.0 +/- 6.4%, p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.01, respectively] and area of gross myocardial hemorrhage (AA-861: 5.1 +/- 2.4% of IS, ONO-1078: 5.2 +/- 2.5% vs CONTROL: 22.3 +/- 3.9%, p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.01, respectively). Both drugs also decreased frequency of ventricular premature contractions both during occlusion and during reperfusion, and that of ventricular tachycardia during reperfusion. AA-861 inhibited PMNs recruitment into infarcted area. However, ONO-1078 had no significant influence on degree of PMNs infiltration. These results suggest that lipoxygenase products, especially peptidoleukotrienes (LTC4, D4 and E4) may play important roles in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemic and reperfusion injuries. PMID- 3150115 TI - [Immunoradiometric assay for active renin and plasma prorenin during cycles stimulated by IVFET or GIFT]. AB - Prorenin (PR) an inactive high molecular weight form of renin normally circulates in human plasma at a concentration of about 10 times that of active renin (AR) and this proenzyme seems to be linked to the reproductive function. It has been demonstrated that AR and PR are present at high concentrations in follicular fluid when the ovaries are stimulated with gonadotropins and that the PR plasma levels increase steadily after hCG injection with a correlation between blood PR and the number of developing follicles and corpora lutea. From September 1986 we studied the profile of immunoreactive active renin (AR) and prorenin (PR) in plasma during hyperstimulated cycles for IVFET or GIFT. All women were treated with a protocol combining GnRH analog (Decaptyl Ipsen Biotech, Paris France) and human menopausal gonadotropins until injection of 5,000 IU hCG. AR has been assayed in frozen samples by specific immunoradiometry (Renin RIA code 79 795, Pasteur Diagnostic, France) using two complementary monoclonal antibodies. A second assay of total renin was carried out after trypsin activation which revealed the inactive form. Progesterone (P), estradiol (E2) were measured by radioimmuno-assays. During the follicular phase, from day 1 of hMG administration to the day before hCG, no significant difference could be found between two groups, 63 pregnant or 60 nonpregnant cycles matched for age and number of oocytes retrieved, for E2, P, PR and AR. During the periovulatory period (D - 1, Do = day of hCG injection and D 1) no difference could be found for E2, P and PR (tabl. 1). In the 2 groups the mean E2 levels increased after hCG injection, as well as P and PR. But a significant difference appeared for AR which increased in the plasma immediately after hCG administration in the pregnant group whereas it decreased in the non-pregnant group (+2.5 vs -2 pg/ml) the mean variation between Do and D + 1 being significantly different in fertile cycles and in nonfertile cycles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3150116 TI - [Determination of differential pulmonary blood flow in hypoxic challenge test: theory]. PMID- 3150117 TI - [Two cases of valve replacement in patients with 100% cardiothoracic ratios]. PMID- 3150118 TI - [A case of variant angina induced by 5-fluorouracil and Tegafur]. PMID- 3150119 TI - [Heart-lung transplantation in children]. AB - Heart-lung transplantation is usually performed in children for heart disease (congenital cardiopathies with left-right shunt); pulmonary or cardio-pulmonary lesions are less frequent indications. Factors that limit that type of surgery are the small number of suitable donors, the need for a favourable social and familial environment and certain ethical problems. PMID- 3150120 TI - [Heart-lung transplantation]. AB - In this study the transplantation group of La Pitie Hospital, Paris, review heart lung transplantation on the basis of data from the literature and of their own experience. Successively, the history, indications, pre-operative evaluation, donor selection, operative procedure with its immediate, mid-term and late complications, as well as treatment and post-operative follow-up are described. PMID- 3150121 TI - [In vitro xenodiagnosis. I. Choice of anticoagulants and membranes]. PMID- 3150122 TI - National survey of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Italian hemophiliacs: 1983-1987. The Medical-Scientific Committee of the Fondazione dell'Emofilia. AB - Since 1983, the Medical-Scientific Committee of the Fondazione dell'Emofilia has carried out annual national surveys of patients with hemophilia and other congenital bleeding disorders to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and related diseases. Clinical syndromes related to HIV infection were already present in a number of Italian hemophiliacs in 1983, but the first cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) only occurred in 1984. Subsequently, AIDS cases roughly doubled each year to reach the number of 57 in 1987. In this year, 637 of 2,792 patients (23%) were found to be anti-HIV-positive. The highest prevalence of seropositivity was found in hemophilia B patients (138 of 313, 44%), followed by hemophilia A (476 of 1,658, 29%), von Willebrand's disease (23 of 650, 4%) and other congenital bleeding disorders (2 of 171, 1%). Only 3 cases of seroconversions were observed since 1986, following the nationwide adoption of heat-treated concentrates. The differences in the prevalence of HIV infection between hemophiliacs from Italy and other European countries are discussed. PMID- 3150124 TI - Clinical significance of antibodies to polymerized human albumin detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - Antibodies directed against glutaraldehyde-polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA) were tested by a sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum samples from 196 patients with various hepatic and non-hepatic diseases and in 38 healthy control subjects. A very high prevalence (80.1%) of antibody response was found in the patient group, ranging from 60% in type non-A, non-B (NANB) chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and lymphomas to 95.5% in hemodialysis patients. A higher prevalence of anti-pHSA antibodies was found in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related CAH and hemodialysis patients compared with NANB-related CAH, collagen diseases and lymphomas. Anti-pHSA antibodies were most frequent in HBsAg positive cases, but no correlation between antibody response and the HBeAg/anti HBe status was found among these patients. Anti-pHSA antibodies did not correlate with HBsAg-associated pHSA receptors determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Moreover, a significantly higher pHSA receptor expression was found in HBV related CAH and hemodialysis patients compared with chronic HBsAg carriers and in HBeAg-positive patients compared with HBeAg-negative cases. The anti-pHSA response seems to be related to the presence of immunoregulation disorders which may be induced by several causes, such as autoimmunity and viral infections. In particular, as far as the HBV infection is concerned, there is no evidence that circulating anti-pHSA antibodies interfere with the natural course of the disease. PMID- 3150123 TI - Relationship of serum triglyceride concentration to lipoprotein composition and concentration in normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic subjects. AB - In a series of 438 subjects (184 normolipidemics and 254 hyperlipidemics) the relationship among serum concentration of triglycerides, lipoprotein lipids and apoproteins A-I and B has been evaluated. The results show that as serum triglyceride level increases, VLDL rise and become enriched in triglycerides. The increase of VLDL is associated with a reduction of serum levels of LDL and HDL which appear to be rich in triglycerides and poor in cholesterol. The decrease in serum HDL level is mainly due to a reduction in serum concentration of the HDL2 subfraction. The triglyceride content of HDL2 and HDL3 rises with increasing serum triglycerides. The increase in serum triglyceride concentration seems then to be associated with a complex metabolic derangement which involves all the lipoprotein fractions. PMID- 3150125 TI - Evaluation of apolipoproteins A-I and B as markers of angiographically assessed coronary artery disease. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of plasma levels of apo A-I and apo B to discriminate between male patients with and without angiographically determined coronary artery disease (CAD) in comparison to the levels of cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. The plasma apo A-I and B levels were measured by a radial immunodiffusion assay that made use of well characterized monoclonal antibodies. Univariate statistical analysis showed that the mean values for HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I were significantly lower in patients with single-, double- and triple-vessel disease than in the control subjects. The mean values for plasma cholesterol and apo B were significantly higher in the group with double- and triple-, but not single-vessel disease, than in the group without CAD. No statistically significant difference among groups was found for plasma triglyceride values. Since the considered variables failed to assess the severity of the disease, as determined by the number of vessels involved, the 3 groups of patients with CAD were combined into one group. A multiple logistic analysis, performed in order to assess the independent role of the variables and to estimate the corresponding odds ratio, indicated an independent association of HDL-cholesterol, apo A-I and apo B with CAD. When the multiple logistic analysis was repeated with a stepwise procedure, only apo A-I and B entered into the model. The results of our study indicate that plasma levels of apo A-I and B are more useful than plasma lipid in detecting the presence or absence of coronary artery disease in a group of male patients undergoing coronary angiography. PMID- 3150126 TI - [Comparative study of preparations of sodium and magnesium valproate (VPA) in treatment of patients with epileptic seizures]. AB - A double blind cross over trial of Sodium Valproate (Na VPA) vs Magnesium Valproate (Mg VPA) was performed in 122 patients affected by focal or generalized epilepsies. Only modest differences resulted from the comparison between the two drugs: retention was 8% superior in patients treated with Mg VPA, the number of critic episodes and the quantification of interictal events was significantly lower in patients affected by focal epilepsy treated with Mg VPA. The incidence of side effects was the same for the two drugs. PMID- 3150127 TI - [Evaluation of the dietary intake of polychlorobiphenyls in Poland]. PMID- 3150128 TI - The influence of prolonged physical stress on gastric juice components in healthy man. AB - Eight healthy men were exposed to 5 days of continuous heavy exercise combined with caloric deficiency and sleep deprivation. Immediately after the stress period the fasting and postprandial intragastric bile acid concentration, pepsin concentration, and gastric juice acidity were measured. Compared with a control experiment performed 8 weeks later, the results from the stress period showed a sevenfold increase in the fasting concentration of intragastic bile acids (from 35 mumol/l to 256 mumol/l; p less than 0.02), there was a tendency towards an increase in the fasting intragastric pepsin concentration, and there was an increase (p less than 0.05) in the intragastric pH level throughout the 3rd postprandial hour. It appears that physical stress induces changes in the intragastric milieu that might dispose for mucosal lesions. PMID- 3150129 TI - [Types of phrenic motoneurons and their contributions to phrenic discharges during expiratory phase in rabbits]. PMID- 3150130 TI - [Effect of injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the regions of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei on the response produced by stimulation of the locus coeruleus in rats]. PMID- 3150131 TI - [Problems with the written language in children with focal epilepsy]. PMID- 3150132 TI - [Atypical picture of lambda and kappa light chain multiple myeloma with lymphoplasmocytic infiltration of the bone marrow]. PMID- 3150133 TI - [Characteristics of the course of pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis (2)]. AB - The state of pulmonary circulation in patients with chronic bronchitis depends on the presence of obstruction, its progression, development of pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale and its decompensation. The authors recommend to administer nitrates of prolonged action to such patients. PMID- 3150134 TI - [Peripheral vein function of stenocardia patients]. AB - Occlusive venous plethysmography used for examination of 89 anginal male patients has shown a considerable rise of the tone of peripheral veins and the reduction of accessory venous capacity. An advance in angina pectoris results in a rise of the tone and reduction of accessory capacity of peripheral veins. Responses of the latter to nitroglycerin administration, smoking and treatment by cold were mostly of the same type and manifested themselves in the reduction of the tone and an increase in accessory venous capacity. Reactivity of peripheral veins partially accounted for individual clinical manifestations of angina pectoris. PMID- 3150135 TI - [Secretory immunoglobulin of the stomach in patients with chronic gastritis]. AB - The determination of the level of secretory IgA by a method of radial immunodiffusion after Mancini in the gastric juice of 48 patients with chronic gastritis in correlation with the status of the gastric mucosa, the level of acidification and the phase of exacerbation has shown diagnostic potentialities of the method. The highest IgA level was detected in patients with "rearrangement" gastritis and in patients with sharply suppressed gastric secretion. In marked atrophy of the gastric mucosa IgA secretion was significantly lowered. The period of remission was attended by a decrease in IgA secretion as compared with the phase of exacerbation. PMID- 3150136 TI - [Effect of long-term therapy with sulfanylurea preparations on the relation of insulin secretion and the insulin-binding capacity of its receptors]. PMID- 3150137 TI - Effective methylprednisolone "pulse" therapy in myeloerythroid aplasia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: case report and literature review. AB - We report a rare case of myeloerythroid aplasia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The erythroid aplasia was completely reversed after treatment with 60 mg of prednisolone daily, but methylprednisolone "pulse" therapy was necessary to improve the myeloid aplasia. PMID- 3150138 TI - A case with silent type of pseudo-acholinesterasemia. AB - One case of pseudo-acholinestrasemia was experienced in our hospital. The patient was a 54-year-old female with sigmoid colon cancer. A preoperative examination showed that her cholinesterase (ChE) level was 7 IU/L (normal range: 3,700-5,400 IU/L) although no abnormalities were found in other enzymes derived from the liver, total protein and albumin level in the serum. An investigation of eight family members over two generations revealed two cases of acholinesterasemia in addition to the patient. Immunological examination by Ouchterlony's method and isoenzyme analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that ChE production was absent in this case, while dibucaine or fluoride number was normal among the family members. Based on these results, it was concluded that this patient belonged to the silent type of homozygote. A case of pseudo acholinesterasemia, which is very rare in Japan, is described. PMID- 3150140 TI - [Iatrogenesis]. PMID- 3150139 TI - [Effect of interferon on the number of cytogenetic disorders occurring in human cultured lymphocytes treated with thio-TEPA and fotrin]. AB - The paper deals with the modifying effects of natural (leukocytic) and synthesized (recombinant) interferons on the number of cytogenetic injuries in the cultured lymphocytes of human peripheric blood after exposure to alkylating chemicals--thio-TEPA and fotrin. The analysis of chromosomal aberration levels is suggestive of a significant protective effect exerted by interferons. The addition of the recombinant interferon increased the number of sister chromatid exchanged frequency in mutagen treated variants. The application of the test system that involves two types of interferon made it possible to reveal differences in their cytogenetic effect during the protector-sensitive period of cultivation. PMID- 3150141 TI - [The potentials and complex means used in rehabilitating those most incapacitated by rheumatic ailments]. PMID- 3150143 TI - [Control of atherogenic risk factors in children]. PMID- 3150142 TI - [The role of paramedical personnel in caring for patients with acute myocardial infarct in the early phase]. PMID- 3150144 TI - [The participation of paramedical personnel in the application of a program of specific measles prevention in Dolj County]. PMID- 3150146 TI - [Principles of conduct and activities in relation to interdisciplinary and interclinical relationships in radiology]. PMID- 3150145 TI - [The support of the citizens of Maramures for medical care during the War for Independence]. PMID- 3150147 TI - [Caring for patients with hemoptysis]. PMID- 3150148 TI - [Cineangiocardiography]. PMID- 3150149 TI - [Coronary radiography in the diagnosis of coronary pathologies]. PMID- 3150150 TI - [The role of paramedical personnel in the dispensary care of pregnant women at risk]. PMID- 3150151 TI - [Dispensary care of pregnant women at risk because of faulty placental insertion]. PMID- 3150152 TI - [In-hospital care of patients confined to bed]. PMID- 3150153 TI - [The clinical picture and paraclinical examination of the comatose child]. PMID- 3150154 TI - [The nurse--an important link in the personnel of mental health laboratories]. PMID- 3150156 TI - [The role of health education in preparing youth for family life]. PMID- 3150155 TI - [Prevention and control of the symptoms of lack of affection among children in nurseries]. PMID- 3150157 TI - [The conduct of paramedical personnel in the outpatient clinic]. PMID- 3150158 TI - [The care of neuropsychiatric patients]. PMID- 3150159 TI - [The importance of cardiovascular pathology in general morbidity and mortality]. PMID- 3150160 TI - [Urinary infections]. PMID- 3150161 TI - [Kinetotherapy in the recovery of the posttraumatic hip]. PMID- 3150162 TI - [Paramedical personnel in obstetrics and gynecology and their contribution to increasing natural population growth]. PMID- 3150163 TI - [The management of the recovery of patients with myocardial infarct and valvular involvement]. PMID- 3150165 TI - [The first dentists in Romania (1828-1859)]. PMID- 3150164 TI - [Sterilization of medical instruments--an important factor in preventing the transmission of infectious diseases]. PMID- 3150166 TI - [The importance of physician-nurse collaboration in performing urography to obtain morphofunctional data]. PMID- 3150167 TI - [The performance of the ambulance team in the most frequent ENT emergencies]. PMID- 3150168 TI - [Coma in mushroom poisoning]. PMID- 3150171 TI - [Recovery by exercise therapy of a posttraumatic knee operated on in a case of Lobstein's disease]. PMID- 3150169 TI - [The family contribution to the development of correct speech in children]. PMID- 3150170 TI - [Recovery in ankle fractures]. PMID- 3150172 TI - [The role of paramedical personnel in reducing the in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3150173 TI - [Prevention of arthrosis of the knee]. PMID- 3150174 TI - [Care of patients with cerebrovascular lesions]. PMID- 3150175 TI - [The role of paramedical personnel in rendering medical care in major emergencies of the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 3150176 TI - [Dispensary care activities for pregnant women with a view to improve the demographic indices at the medical dispensary level]. PMID- 3150177 TI - [Considerations and results of the preventive aspects in the surveillance of dispensary patients in a health district]. PMID- 3150178 TI - [Professional competence and responsibility, the fundamental attributes of paramedical personnel in the medical care of cardiovascular patients]. PMID- 3150180 TI - [The weight of the schoolbag, a determining factor in faulty posture of the vertebral column]. PMID- 3150179 TI - [The Romanian delegation to the World Peace Congress (Brussels, 1936)]. PMID- 3150181 TI - [Paramedical personnel in the preparation of morphofunctional examinations in radiodiagnosis]. PMID- 3150182 TI - [Prematurity--a risk factor in neonatal morbidity and mortality]. PMID- 3150183 TI - [Dispensary care of pregnant women with an increased obstetrical risk]. PMID- 3150184 TI - [The importance of periodic medical control in industrial enterprises]. PMID- 3150185 TI - [Education for health in school]. PMID- 3150186 TI - [Use of recombinant alpha 2-interferon in athletes]. AB - It has first been established that interferon preparations, especially reaferon, exert a protective antiviral effect in nonepidemic situations under conditions of physical and emotional stress leading to activation of opportunistic flora. Alongside with antiviral effect, reaferon showed a significant immunomodulating effect on the host reflected in blast transformation of T-lymphocytes and production of gamma-interferon. The immunoregulating action of reaferon was prolonged. These data suggest that exogenous use of reaferon may be one of the methods enhancing the resistance to emotional and physical stress. PMID- 3150187 TI - [Observation on the ultrastructure of methanotroph]. PMID- 3150188 TI - Diabetic ketoacidosis with alkalemia--a review. PMID- 3150189 TI - Cost-effectiveness of coronary care. PMID- 3150190 TI - The picture of health for midlife and older women in America. Older Women's League. AB - This report overviews the major health problems of middle aged and older women and health care access issues. The relationship of labor force involvement to health status and insurance benefits is considered. Other payment sources such as Medicaid and Medicare are critiqued for their failure to finance needed prevention and other services. PMID- 3150191 TI - [Seizure within the scope of poisoning with pyrimethamine (Tindurin)]. PMID- 3150193 TI - Determination of glycolytic intermediates in a flow injection system using immobilized enzymes. AB - Some glycolytic enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, enolase and phosphoglyceromutase) were immobilized on a polyacrylamide-type bead polymer containing carboxylic functional groups activated by water-soluble carbodiimide. The immobilized enzymes were used for the determination of pyruvic acid, phosphoenolpyruvic acid, 2-phosphoglyceric acid and 3-phosphoglyceric acid in a flow injection system. The immobilized lactate dehydrogenase column was repeatedly employed for the determination of pyruvic acid in clinical samples. The results of the flow injection method accorded well in accuracy, sensitivity and reproducibility with those of soluble enzyme analysis. PMID- 3150192 TI - [Prenatal biochemical diagnosis in genetically-induced metabolic diseases]. PMID- 3150194 TI - Summation of unit potentials. AB - The analysis of the compound surface EMG records is directed to obtain information on the activity of motor units. The aim of this study is to contribute to the investigation of the processes taking place in the summation of different unit potentials. The experiments were performed on frog's nerve-muscle preparations. The nerves were stimulated separately and collectively with synchronous and asynchronous electrical impulses. The results obtained by the analysis of the action potentials recorded from the muscles demonstrate that the compound action potentials were brought about by the linear summation of unit potentials involved in the common response. PMID- 3150195 TI - Dielectric dispersion and protonic conduction in hydrated purple membrane. AB - Dielectric dispersion effects were studied in purple membranes of different hydration levels. The capacitance and conductivity were measured over the frequency range of 10(2) Hz to 10(5) Hz. With increase in the hydration level, the conductivity increases sharply above the critical hydration of hc = 0.06 g H2O/g protein. This critical hydration is close to the extent of the first continuous strongly bound water layer and is interpreted as the threshold for percolative proton transfer. The capacitance increases continuously with increasing hydration and a larger increase above the water content of 0.1 g H2O/g protein can be seen only at low frequencies. Maxwell-Wagner relaxation also appears above this hydration, showing the presence of a bulk water phase. PMID- 3150196 TI - Low temperature restriction of charge shift in the primary reaction of the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle. AB - Fast electrical signals associated with the primary photoreaction of the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle were studied on dried oriented samples in the temperature range from 77 to 300 K. The rise of the electrical signal, associated with bathointermediate formation, was faster than 5 ns even at 77 K; no slow rising component was detected at any temperature in the nano- to microsecond time range. The amplitude of the signal associated with bathointermediate formation was not affected by cooling from 300 to 210 K, but decreased by a factor of two when the sample was further cooled from 210 to 190 K. At 77 K the amplitude from the first excitation flash is 25-30 per cent of that at 260 K. Our data suggest that low temperature restricts the size of the charge shift during the bathointermediate formation, resulting in creation of a "low temperature bathointermediate" distinct from the "room temperature bathointermediate". PMID- 3150197 TI - Heat-shock proteins in membrane vesicles of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Fractionation of B. subtilis cells after heat shock, from 37 degrees C to 54 degrees C, shows an increase in synthesis of proteins localized in cell membranes and a decrease in synthesis of proteins localized in cytosol. There is no such effect of heat shock at temperature of 45 degrees C. Autoradiograms of electrophoretically separated proteins, labelled during heat shock at 54 degrees C, reveal 26 heat-shock proteins (hsps) in membrane vesicles and 11 hsps in cytosol, five of which are common to both fractions. Heat shock at 45 degrees C induces 18 hsps localized in membrane vesicles and 13 hsps localized in cytosol, six of which are common to both fractions. Results are interpreted as showing a relevant role of membrane proteins in cell response to shock at high temperature, pointing to two steps of defense against heat stress. PMID- 3150198 TI - A novel form of GD1c ganglioside IV3 (NeuAc alpha 2-8 NeuGc)Gg4Cer from murine X ray induced thymoma. AB - Four disialoganglioside fractions were isolated from X-ray induced thymoma in C57Bl/6 mice. On the basis of compositional and methylation analyses as well as degradation with specific exoglycosidases a novel form of GD1c ganglioside NeuAc alpha 2-8 NeuGc alpha 2-3 Gal beta 1-3 GalNAc beta 1-4 Gal beta 1-4 GlcCer was identified. PMID- 3150199 TI - Amyloidosis associated with plasma cell dyscrasia. PMID- 3150200 TI - Role of T lymphocytes in the suppression of hematopoiesis: hematopoietic suppressive factors and their mRNA expression in activated T lymphocytes. PMID- 3150201 TI - In vitro effects of interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma on hematopoietic progenitor cells in bone marrow. PMID- 3150204 TI - Possible roles of activated T lymphocytes and gamma-interferon in patients with aplastic anemia. PMID- 3150202 TI - Role of killer cells in hematopoiesis. PMID- 3150205 TI - Pulmonary infections with respiratory syncytial virus and Chlamydia trachomatis in early infancy. PMID- 3150206 TI - Epidemiological and clinical features of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections among children in Japan. PMID- 3150203 TI - Inhibitory factors to hematopoiesis in aplastic anemia and pure red cell aplasia. PMID- 3150207 TI - Etiology and clinical studies of lower respiratory infections. PMID- 3150208 TI - Bacterial superinfection in RSV lower respiratory tract illnesses and the epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonitis of infants in Tokyo. PMID- 3150209 TI - A method of bacteriological examination of washed sputum in infants and children. PMID- 3150210 TI - Use of bacterial antigen detection in the diagnosis of acute pneumonia in childhood. PMID- 3150211 TI - Concomitant Mycoplasma pneumoniae and virus infection in children with acute lower respiratory infections. PMID- 3150212 TI - Urinary organic acids in natural early-onset insulin-dependent diabetic dogs. PMID- 3150213 TI - Fatty acid composition of platelet phospholipids and plasma total lipids in Kawasaki disease. PMID- 3150214 TI - Sulfated and nonsulfated urinary bile acids in cholestasis in children. PMID- 3150215 TI - Gastrin secretion in normal infants and children. Part 1. Changing patterns of serum gastrin levels during development. PMID- 3150216 TI - Gastrin secretion in normal infants and children. Part 2. Postprandial and interdigestive secretion patterns of serum gastrin. PMID- 3150217 TI - A boy with hemophilia and AIDS-related complex treated with neurotropin, a neuroimmunomodulator. PMID- 3150218 TI - The alternation of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin and its fractions as an indicator of erythropoiesis in various anemias. PMID- 3150219 TI - Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin and its fractions in anemia occurring in adolescence. PMID- 3150220 TI - Cognitive, psychiatric and neuropsychological aspects of elevated lead levels in asymptomatic children: a controlled study. PMID- 3150221 TI - Occurrence of mitral valve prolapse in patent ductus arteriosus after surgery- comparison between pre- and post-operative conditions. PMID- 3150222 TI - BFM program in treatment of childhood ALL--statistical evaluation of prognostic factors. PMID- 3150223 TI - Dilated left atrial appendage causing abnormal cardiac shadow. PMID- 3150224 TI - Association of congenital hypothyroidism with congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. PMID- 3150225 TI - Outcome of the treatment of inborn errors of metabolism. PMID- 3150226 TI - Early treatment of inborn errors of biopterin metabolism. PMID- 3150228 TI - Dietary treatment of PKU using a low-phenylalanine peptide milk. PMID- 3150227 TI - PKU and NON-PKU hyperphenylalaninemia: differentiation, indication for therapy and therapeutic results. PMID- 3150230 TI - Treatment outcome of maple syrup urine disease. PMID- 3150229 TI - Treatment outcome of maternal phenylketonuria. PMID- 3150231 TI - Outcome of therapy of hereditary tyrosinemia. PMID- 3150232 TI - Outcome of the patients detected by newborn screening in Japan. PMID- 3150235 TI - Clinical course of hereditary fructose intolerance in 56 patients. PMID- 3150236 TI - Outcome of the treatment of glycogen storage disease. PMID- 3150233 TI - Cognitive development in children with inborn errors of urea synthesis. PMID- 3150237 TI - Outcome of displacement bone marrow transplantation for inborn errors of metabolism. PMID- 3150234 TI - Acute and chronic-intermittent isovaleric acidemia: diagnosis and glycine therapy. PMID- 3150238 TI - We mean well: treatment of Mendelian disease. PMID- 3150239 TI - Effector mechanisms against neuroblastoma cells and their modulation by lymphokines. PMID- 3150240 TI - Influence of fatty diet on neonatal jaundice in breast-fed infants. PMID- 3150241 TI - Prediction of prognosis in patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome. PMID- 3150242 TI - Clinical improvement with DMSO treatment in a patient with Niemann-Pick disease (type C). PMID- 3150243 TI - Ring chromosome 7: report of a case. PMID- 3150244 TI - Phosphorus deficiency syndrome in two very low birthweight infants. PMID- 3150245 TI - [Studies of pyrazine derivatives. XXV. Synthesis and the tuberculostatic activity of the products of reaction of 5-(6-methoxy- and 5-(6 morpholinopyrazinyl)-1,3,4 oxadiazol-2-thione with amines]. PMID- 3150246 TI - [Study of the thyroid function in patients with chronic renal insufficiency in hemodialysis]. PMID- 3150247 TI - [A method for the rapid selection of protoplast-fusion recombinants with higher milk-coagulating activity]. PMID- 3150248 TI - [Isolation, purification and separation of the polyether antibiotic complex IM-15 from a strain of Streptomyces sp. 15]. PMID- 3150249 TI - [Protoplast fusion between 3 mutant strains of Bacillus subtilis 168]. PMID- 3150250 TI - [The expression of a new bifunctional vector for cloning in Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and its deletion variants]. PMID- 3150251 TI - Thymidylate synthase and fluorouracil. PMID- 3150252 TI - Methods for thymidylate synthase pharmacodynamics: serial biopsy, free and total TS, FdUMP and dUMP, and H4PteGlu and CH2-H4PteGlu assays. AB - This report details our methods for performance of the major parameters related to quantitation of TS inhibition resulting from fluoropyrimidine administration to patients, methods equally applicable to preclinical studies. Sampling of tumors before and after drug treatment is done by 4 mm disposable punch biopsy or forceps biopsy via subcutaneous tunneling. Homogenates are prepared using N2 or polytron-mincing. Cytosolic free TS is measured by either the tritium-release method for small biopsies or by [3H]FdUMP ligand-binding. FdUMP and dUMP are separated by DEAE-cellulose column and measured by competitive binding and [14C]dTMP synthesis by the Moran methods. Total, post-FUra TS is measured by pre incubation dissociation of FdUMP-bound TS after neutral charcoal removal of cytosolic ligands. H4PteGlu and CH2-H4PteGlu are measured by the Priest method using L. Casei TS. The materials and methods are described in sufficient detail to permit wide application of this approach. PMID- 3150253 TI - Identification and control of paratuberculosis in a large goat herd. AB - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection was detected in 2 goats in 1974 and in 5 goats in 1975; 5 of which were from a single herd. The magnitude of the subsequent epizootic in the goat herd was not recognized until 1977, when results of bacteriologic culture of fecal and tissue specimens, antibody determinations (agar-gel immuno-diffusion test), and histopathologic studies became available. By 1984, paratuberculosis had been diagnosed in 124 goats. Nearly all the goats were being used in antiserum production and had been given Freund complete adjuvant and human antigens. From 1974 to 1986, herd size varied from 100 to 300. The yearly incidence of paratuberculosis decreased from 13.2% (27 of 204 goats) in 1977 to 0% in 108 goats in 1985. The prevalence was higher in does. In goats that arrived on the farm in 1975 and before, 49 of 121 (40.5%) does developed paratuberculosis vs 41 of 120 (34.2%) wethers. In goats arriving on the farm in 1976 and after, 25 of 274 (8.5%) does and 9 of 216 (4.1%) wethers developed paratuberculosis. The average incubation period was approximately 4 years from arrival on the farm in every year except 1978, regardless of whether the goat was born on the farm or was purchased elsewhere.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3150254 TI - Comparison of PO2, PCO2, and pH in blood collected from the femoral artery and a cut claw of cats. AB - A technique for collection of blood samples from the cut claw of the cat was developed. Forty-six blood samples were collected simultaneously from the cut claw and the femoral artery of 7 healthy cats. Blood gas and pH values were measured and compared. There was no difference between sample pairs for blood PO2 and PCO2, but the pH values were significantly (P less than 0.001) higher in the capillary samples (7.432 +/- 0.033) than in the samples from the femoral artery (7.419 +/- 0.031). PMID- 3150255 TI - [Nutritional risk factors: introduction]. PMID- 3150256 TI - [Neonatal detection of phenylketonuria and hypothyroidism. Realities and perspectives]. PMID- 3150258 TI - Molecular basis of the immune response. PMID- 3150257 TI - [Evaluation of an automated system of measuring erythrocyte aggregation in dysglobulinemia treated by plasma exchange]. AB - Characteristics of a new erythrocyte aggregameter were evaluated in 7 patients with monoclonal dysglobulinemia (5 multiple myeloma, 1 Waldenstrom disease, 1 CLL with monoclonal immunoglobulin) treated by plasma exchange. This apparatus measures modifications of light retro-diffused by erythrocytes suspension after shear arrest. All parameters measured: Ta, Tf, S10, gamma D, gamma S were modified after plasma exchange: either immediately after the first or after the second or third plasma exchange. These findings demonstrate the value of this new technique for evaluating red cell aggregation. These data should be completed by rheological assessment of dysglobulinemia treated by plasma exchange. PMID- 3150259 TI - Polymorphisms of immunologically relevant loci in human disease. Autoimmunity and human heavy chain variable regions. PMID- 3150260 TI - Polymorphism of HLA class II genes in various diseases. PMID- 3150261 TI - Generation of antibody diversity before and after immunization. PMID- 3150262 TI - Control of recombination events during lymphocyte differentiation. Heavy chain variable region gene assembly and heavy chain class switching. AB - Our recent studies have focused on the organization of immunoglobulin genes in mice and humans and the mechanism and control of the recombination events that are involved in their assembly and expression. This report describes our progress in this area with particular focus on elucidating factors that influence the generation of the antibody repertoire in normal and diseased states. We present a detailed analysis of the organization of the human VH locus, studies that help to elucidate the nature of the recombination defect in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency, and studies of transgenic mice that focus on the mechanism that regulates tissue-specific variable region gene assembly. In addition, we also characterize mechanisms that control the heavy chain class-switch process. Although the latter process apparently involve a recombination system distinct from that involved in variable region assembly, we find that the two recombination events appear to be controlled by similar mechanisms. PMID- 3150263 TI - [Feeding the newborn infant with respiratory insufficiency]. AB - In feeding the newborn with respiratory distress it must be considered the increased metabolic and water requirements. To feed this newborn we can choose among total parenteral nutrition, total enteral nutrition and a combination of the two methods. Data concerning 98 newborns with respiratory distress, admitted into Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Provincial Maternity Hospital of Milan, are described. PMID- 3150264 TI - Origin of sex chromosome aneuploidy. AB - Probabilities applicable to RFLPs are derived for the genotypes of XXY, XXX, and XO children, conditional on their mode of origin and the parental mating type, and the theory is applied to family data on the XG locus. The proportion of XXY males arising in spermatogenesis is shown to be 0.41 +/- 0.09. The large distance of XG from the centromere makes distinction between maternal meiosis I and II unreliable, but if man is like Drosophila, most of the maternal non-disjunctions arise in meiosis I, among tetrads that have undergone one or more exchanges. Data from XG show that 0.78 +/- 0.05 of XO females arise from an error involving the paternal sex chromosomes. The XG locus is virtually uninformative about the origin of XXX. Application of the theory to selected RFLPs will be much more incisive because of their large number, lack of dominance, greater heterozygosity, and distribution along the chromosome. Study of RFLPs will facilitate diagnosis of the parental origin of sex chromosome abnormalities and the comparison of recombination rates in regular and trisomic progeny of maternal mei I and mei II origin. A pseudocentromeric model that estimates map distances from exceptional progeny is applied to non-disjunction of the X chromosomes in D. melanogaster, giving good recovery of the expected map and thereby validating this approach for RFLPs in man. PMID- 3150265 TI - [Atherogenesis: new concepts]. PMID- 3150266 TI - Comparison of urograms using ionic contrast, non-ionic contrast and non-ionic contrast with mannitol. PMID- 3150267 TI - Pseudomyxoma peritonei--preoperative diagnosis on CT scan. A report of 2 cases. PMID- 3150268 TI - Effects of synthetic analogues of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on fibrinolytic activity in the rat. AB - PAF and structural analogues were investigated for their in vivo effects on fibrinolytic activity (FA) in the rat. The i.v. administration of 1 and 4 micrograms/kg PAF caused a dose-dependent increase in FA which was shown to be attributable to the release of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). 1-O hexadecyl-2-O-ethyl-glycero-3-phosphoric acid-2'-N-propargyl-N,N'- dimethylammoniumethyl ester (I) and 1-O-hexadecyl-2-(n-propyl)-propanediol-3 phosphocholine (II) increased FA according to their proaggregatory activity. In contrast, 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-ethyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphoric acid-5' trimethylammoniumpentyl ester (III), a competitive antagonist of PAF, reduced the PAF induced increase of FA by 30%. Under identical conditions BN 52021 given at 1 and 10 micrograms/kg amounts diminished the effect of PAF by 47 and 77%, respectively. These results indicate that the PAF induced PA release in vivo is receptor mediated. PMID- 3150269 TI - Action of metal chelators on lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenase and on inflammation induced vasodepression. AB - Metal complexing agents could exert antiinflammatory activity by inhibition of oxygen radical production, by inhibition of eicosanoid synthesis and by inhibition of metalloenzymes. We found a moderate antiedema activity of the iron (II)/iron (III)-chelator combination, o-phenanthroline/desferrioxamine, which could refer to an involvement of iron ions in the inflammatory reaction. The newly synthetized complexing agent ethylene-diimino-dibutyric acid caused weak antiedema and antivasodepressor effects which remain to be explained. Altogether, the in vivo effects of the metal chelators were rather weak. In vitro, only desferrioxamine produced a remarkable inhibition of two lipoxygenases. PMID- 3150270 TI - Inhibition of lipoxygenase (LOX) or of cyclooxygenase (COX) improves survival of rats in endotoxin shock. AB - In a well defined endotoxin (ET) shock model we compared the influence of a selective LOX-inhibitor FLM 5011 and the COX-inhibitor Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on survival as well as on their effects on TXB2 and 6-oxo-PGF1 and on selected parameters characterizing the shock syndrome. Pretreatment with both substances reduced the lethality rate. Neither TXB2 nor the PGF1 concentration revealed a consistent trend after therapeutic intervention. None of the investigated mediators could be identified as the primary "shock mediator". PMID- 3150272 TI - Influence of inhibitors of the eicosanoid metabolism, of antagonists of the eicosanoids and of PAF on mortality assayed in three biochemically characterized shock models. AB - Experiments were carried out to lower the mortality (LD70-90) of rats in ovalbumin-induced anaphylactic (DA) shock and in endotoxin-induced (ET) shock, and of mice after injection of Platelet-activating Factor (PAF shock) comparing the effects of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibitors aspirin (ASA), indomethacin, of the COX-/lipoxygenase (LOX)-inhibitors nordihydroguajaretic acid (NDGA), phenidone and X 86 (analogue of BW 755c), of the inhibitor of thromboxane (TX) synthesis HOE 944, of the TX-antagonist BM 13177, of the PAF-antagonist BN 52021 and of ketotifen. Ketotifen was strongly effective in DA shock, COX- and LOX inhibitors only slightly. Combined COX- and LOX-inhibitors and BN 52021 showed good effects in the ET shock. Ketotifen was inefficacious. All the used substances influenced the PAF shock. The shock syndromes were biochemically characterized by determination of isocitratedehydrogenase (ICDH) activity, lactate, glucose, haematocrit, numbers of thrombocytes and leucocytes, TXB2 and 6 keto-Prostaglandin(PG)F1 alpha. PMID- 3150271 TI - The effects of eicozanoids and lipoxygenase inhibitors on the lipid metabolism of aortic cells. AB - The influence of stable analogues of prostacyclin (carbacyclin) and thromboxane A2 (U46619), as well as lipoxygenase inhibitors, on the lipid metabolism of cells cultured from atherosclerotic intima of human aorta was analyzed. Carbacyclin and at concentrations of 200 ng/ml during 24 hours of incubation caused a 2-fold decrease in the level of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides in cells obtained from atherosclerotic lesion. Phospholipid and free cholesterol content did not change during the same period. Carbacylin decreased incorporation of [14C]oleate into intracellular neutral lipids. U46619 produced intracellular lipid accumulation. U46619 stimulated uptake [14C]oleate into triglycerides and cholesteryl esters. Two lipoxygenase inhibitors possessed "antiatherosclerotic" activity in primary culture significantly reducing cholesteryl ester content of cells isolated from atherosclerotic lesions. PMID- 3150273 TI - Antiinflammatory effect of a lipoxygenase inhibitor (FLM 5011) in severe active myocarditis. AB - FLM 5011 belongs to a group of chemical compounds with isolated lipoxygenase products in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and alveolar macrophages. FLM 5011 has been shown to be protective against arachidonic acid-induced bronchoconstriction in vitro and in vivo. No severe side-effects were found in extensive tests on acute and subchronic toxicity in animals. In preliminary investigations on patients with severe active myocarditis impressive clinical and histological improvements after administration of FLM 5011 have been obtained, suggesting an antiinflammatory effect of the substance. A follow-up of more than 13 months compared with conventional immunosuppressive therapy indicates potential therapeutic value of this compound on the inflamed myocardium. PMID- 3150274 TI - Role of eicosanoids in inflammatory reactions of rats. AB - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents of several subgroups, regarding eicosanoid producing enzyme inhibition, have been tested in vitro and in vivo. There was no overt correlation between cyclooxygenase and/or lipoxygenase inhibition in vitro and antiinflammatory effects. It is possible that eicosanoids do not play a key role as inflammatory mediators, i.e. that the course of the life-protecting inflammatory reaction is ensured by an ensemble of mediators, cellular events and further mechanisms of the whole living organism. PMID- 3150275 TI - Action of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors as well as of oxygen free radical scavengers (OFRS) in the inflammation-induced vasodepression. AB - Vasoprotective activity of COX inhibitors (diclofenac, piroxicam, indomethacin, aspirin) and of LOX inhibitors (nordihydroguaiaretic acid, propyl gallate, oxphaman) or of both (BW 755c) as well as of OFRS (mannitol, ethanol, thiourea, vitamin E) was investigated ex vivo in the isolated perfused hindlegs of the animals after in vivo u.v.-irradiation and antigen-provocation in mice and rats, respectively. The results show that vasodepression is mainly prevented by OFRS, antioxidants/LOX inhibitors and aspirin, but not by other COX inhibitors. PMID- 3150276 TI - Production of prostaglandins and HETE-compounds by isolated-cultivated bovine aortic endothelial cells. AB - The main product of AA conversion by BAEC is PGI2. Other PGs were synthesized by confluent cells only in traces with exception of a HHT-like compound which has still to be characterized in more details. A significant release of HETE was only detected when BAEC were destroyed. Under these conditions about 1 pmole/10(5) cells 15- and 12 HETE were released by BAEC. Taken into account the amounts of HETE produced by endothelial cells as well as the partially contradictory activities of 12- and 15-HETE we suggest that an acclerated lipoxygenase activity reflects a lesion of endothelium, but is of minor physiological relevance as compared to the generation of HETE and other eicosanoids by blood cells. PMID- 3150277 TI - The use of imipramine in minor motor seizures. AB - A study is presented of 15 pediatric patients treated with imipramine for uncontrolled seizures during the past two years. Of these patients, 53% had an initial reduction of seizures of greater than 80%. At one year, 26% were still seizure-free. Drop attacks were especially responsive to therapy; 100% (7/7) responded initially to imipramine therapy. Most patients studied had been receiving valproate and another major antiepileptic drug prior to imipramine therapy. This study confirms previous reports and suggests that the use of imipramine in combination with other antiepileptic drugs provides excellent results, particularly in patients with drop attacks. PMID- 3150278 TI - Phenobarbital-induced Tourette-like symptoms. AB - A 7-year-old child with spastic cerebral palsy and a seizure disorder developed Tourette-like symptoms during therapy with phenobarbital. These symptoms occurred while phenobarbital blood levels were in the therapeutic range. Known causes of movement disorders were eliminated after evaluation. On repeat challenge with phenobarbital, the symptoms recurred. Phenobarbital should be added to the list of drugs that cause Tourette-like symptoms. PMID- 3150279 TI - Phenytoin-induced thrombocytopenia. AB - A 15-year-old boy developed thrombocytopenia and purpura two weeks after starting phenytoin therapy. The blood phenytoin level was in the toxic range. There was an increase in immature neutrophils but no abnormalities were present in other cell lines. Recovery was complete after drug therapy was discontinued. Thrombocytopenia is a rare isolated complication of phenytoin therapy. The probable autoimmune etiology distinguishes this syndrome from other phenytoin induced blood dyscrasias. PMID- 3150280 TI - Spontaneous intracerebral hematomas in juvenile diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - Ketoacidosis is one of the common complications of Type I insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Several neurologic (cerebral) deficiencies have been associated with diabetic ketoacidosis, including cerebral edema with increased intracranial pressure resulting in coma; partial and generalized seizures; and cerebrovascular occlusive disease resulting in motor and/or sensory dysfunction. Intracerebral hematomas have not been reported. A child is described who had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemic ketoacidosis who developed multiple spontaneous intracerebral hematomas. Possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 3150281 TI - Valproic acid pharmacokinetics in children: III. Very high dosage requirements. AB - Nine children were studied who required very high doses of valproic acid (VPA) (63.6-105 mg/kg/day) in order to achieve VPA serum concentrations between 50-100 micrograms/ml. These nine children had poorly controlled seizures and were receiving other antiepileptic drugs at the time of this study. The children with very high dose requirements were significantly lighter, shorter, and had less body surface area than the control group. Of the pharmacokinetic parameters studied, total and intrinsic clearance, distribution volume, and valproic acid free fraction were significantly increased in the very high dose group. In three patients who were investigated after co-medications were eliminated, clearances and dosage requirements decreased by more than 50%. We concluded that very high VPA dosages are sometimes required to achieve therapeutic serum drug concentrations and that this therapy occasionally improves seizure control. There were no adverse effects of very high dose therapy that required dosage reduction. PMID- 3150282 TI - Histopathological response of infected cavities treated with Gluma and Scotchbond dentin bonding agents. PMID- 3150283 TI - Dentin adhesive materials for restoration of cervical erosions. Two- and three year clinical observations. PMID- 3150284 TI - Intraocular lens implantation: a model for the Third World. AB - Intracapsular cataract extraction has long been thought of as the appropriate technique to deal with the backlog of Third World cataract blindness. However, this operation may not be as sight effective as many believe. The authors offer their experience of intraocular lens implantation in the Torres Strait as a model for a more visually appropriate surgical cure for Third World cataract. PMID- 3150285 TI - Listeria monocytogenes endophthalmitis: a case report. AB - Listeria monocytogenes endophthalmitis is characterised by a progressively darkening indolent hypopyon. Gentamicin and amoxycillin, as used in this, the first reported Australian case, is the currently recommended treatment. PMID- 3150286 TI - Radial keratotomy. PMID- 3150287 TI - [Effects of cytokines on cultured microvascular endothelial cells derived from gerbil brain]. AB - We studied the effects of cytokines on cultured microvascular endothelial cells derived from gerbil brain. Microvascular endothelial cells were derived from the endothelial cells of gerbil brain. First, effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or [3H] thymidine up-take by the endothelial cells and human smooth muscle cells were studied. After 4 days exposure to TNF, 50 microCi/ml of [3H] thymidine were added to these cells. [3H] thymidine up-take by the endothelial cells were suppressed by adding TNF dose-dependently. Especially, [3H] thymidine up-take by endothelial cells cultured with 1000 U/ml TNF for 4 days were 25 to 62% of the control values. These cells exposed to 1000 U/ml TNF, furthermore, became spindlelike in appearance and over up each other. But, TNF had no effect on human smooth muscle cells. Second, instead of TNF, interferon-gamma (gamma IFN) were studied in the same way. But, [3H] thymidine up-take by the endothelial cells were not effected by adding gamma IFN. Third, the supernatant of the cultured glioma cells were studied in the same way. The supernatants of 6 glioma cells in 8 cases showed TNF like activity to the endothelial cells of gerbil brain. These supernatants, that is, suppressed [3H] thymidine up-take by the endothelial cells over 50%. These suppression were, furthermore, released by adding 50 microliter anti-TNF antibodies. So, we found the cytotoxic effects of TNF on the endothelial cells of gerbil brain. The supernatants of glioma cells, also, showed TNF like activity to the endothelial cells. PMID- 3150288 TI - Inhibition by tumor necrosis factor of induction of ectopic bone formation by osteosarcoma-derived bone-inducing substance. AB - The effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) on ectopic endochondral bone formation was studied in an experimental system for bone induction using murine osteosarcoma-derived bone-inducing substance. Ectopic new bone formation was inhibited by daily administration of recombinant human TNF-alpha (20-200 micrograms/kg body weight per day, intraperitoneally) after subcutaneous implantation of the bone-inducing substance into mice. Histological examination revealed that TNF-alpha prevented mesenchymal cells from differentiating into chondrocytes in the process of endochondral bone formation. The inhibitory effect of TNF-alpha continued during the period of its administration, but not after its administration was stopped. The bone induced in a three week period after discontinuation of TNF-alpha administration was histologically normal, but smaller than that induced in control animals. These findings suggested that TNF alpha reversibly inhibits the biological activity of the bone-inducing substance or impairs the ability of cells to respond to the bone-inducing substance at an early stage of ectopic bone formation. PMID- 3150289 TI - Cross-linking and new bone collagen synthesis in immobilized and recovering primate osteoporosis. AB - Quantification of collagen cross-links of monkey bone (tibia), from various time periods of immobilization (up to 7 months) and their subsequent reambulation (up to 40 months) was determined. Results indicated reducible cross-link concentrations markedly increased and peaked at the seven-month period of immobilization and returned to control values after 40 months of recovery. Chromatographic profiles of the major cross-linked peptides indicated that the increased cross-linking after seven months immobilization occurred between residue Hylald-16c as well as Lysald-16c of the alpha 1 chains and residue 87 Hyl of alpha chains of type I collagen. Mature, stable cross-link concentrations as well as their molecular loci remained constant throughout immobilization and reambulation. These results strongly suggest that rapid new bone collagen synthesis occurred during the osteoporotic state due to immobilization. With long term recovery, the rate of collagen synthesis apparently returned to match the control bone. PMID- 3150291 TI - [A study of the dynamic properties of membrane proteins using Mossbauer spectroscopy]. AB - While studying the parameters of "narrow" and "broad" lines appearing in Mossbauer spectra of undehydrated membrane proteins heated from 80 to 280 K it has been for the first time found for proteins that the behavior of the complete area of spectrum S does not differ from that of Debye-Waller factor. An abrupt decrease of quadrupole splitting value from delta = 0.7 mm/s to delta = 0 within the temperature range 220-270 K. Computation of the spectra with their division into 3 components responding respectively by heat, diffusion and conformational movement made possible explanation of all the evolutionary changes proceeding in them with the temperature rise. Preservation of the complete area of the spectrum S (T) is conditioned by the increase of the component responsive to conformational changes of Fe atom within 230-270 K. These movements "suppress" quadrupole splitting observed in the spectra at low temperatures. Dynamic mobility is considered in terms of the Fe atom movement in the biphase potential. PMID- 3150293 TI - In vivo leukocyte chemotaxis during the development of acute experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. AB - Five and 15 days after T. cruzi infection, staphylococcal protein A was injected into a connective tissue air pouch of mice and the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the area was monitored. The PMN leukocyte response of 15-day infected mice was lower than that of uninfected mice (P less than 0.001): The 15 day infected mice also showed a lower PMN leukocyte response when compared to 5 day infected mice (P less than 0.001). These data suggest that the chemotaxis defect developed gradually during the acute phase of infection. PMID- 3150290 TI - Nocturnal hypoxaemia in severe scoliosis. AB - The relationship between spirometry and daytime blood gases on the one hand and hypoxaemia during sleep on the other was studied in 13 patients with severe thoracic scoliosis. Eight patients had hypoxaemia (mean Sao2 less than 90%) during sleep. They were characterized by a lower vital capacity (30 versus 50% of predicted, P less than 0.01) and by a greater fall in vital capacity from sitting to supine (26 versus 7% of sitting VC, P less than 0.05). All patients with hypoxaemia during sleep were hypercapnic during the daytime. The fall in Sao2 with sleep was related to the increase in transcutaneous PCO2, indicating hypoventilation as the main mechanism behind hypoxaemia during sleep in scoliosis patients. PMID- 3150292 TI - [A study of the stability of liposomes from the total lipid fraction of E. coli by means of fluorescence spectroscopy and a radioisotope probe]. AB - Stability of liposomes from total fraction of E. coli lipids was studied by their ability to preserve encapsulated substance under different incubation conditions- +4 degrees C and +37 degrees C for some concentrations of CaCl2. Two types of vesicules were used: small ones obtained by ultrasonic treatment and larger ones obtained after successive treatment of lipid suspension with Ca2+ ions and EDTA. It has been shown by spectrofluorimetry and radioisotope probe that for both studied types of liposomes their stability decreases with an increase of CaCl2 concentration and rise of temperature. The effect similar to Ca2+ was produced by Mg+2 ions, but not by Na+ ions. Large liposomes are significantly less stable formations than the small ones. Ca+2 ions were shown to induce at first liposome aggregation and then their destruction. Possible action mechanism of metal ions of the second group on liposome stability, the pattern of initiated membrane disturbances and application of these structures as agents during transfer of biologically active compounds in the cells are discussed. PMID- 3150294 TI - Early malnutrition alters the effect of chlordiazepoxide on inhibitory avoidance. AB - In order to study the functional consequences of brain changes caused by early malnutrition, rats were fed a protein-deficient diet from birth until 49 days of age and a balanced diet from day 50 to day 70. The animals were submitted to a step-down inhibitory avoidance task and to the flinch-jump nociceptive test at 49 and 70 days of age. Malnourished rats showed longer step-down latencies and lower flinch and jump thresholds than eutrophic animals. Chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg, ip) shortened step-down latency of well-nourished rats, whereas it failed to do so in malnourished rats. Since well-nourished animals also became resistant to chlordiazepoxide when tested with a higher shock intensity, generating avoidance latencies comparable to those of malnourished animals, we conclude that the drug resistance induced by malnutrition may be secondary to enhanced pain sensitivity and/or reactivity. PMID- 3150295 TI - Maternal adaptations for fetal growth in young malnourished rats. AB - Carcass composition and serum free fatty acids were determined in young (45 days old) control and malnourished (25 and 6% protein diet, respectively) pregnant and nonpregnant rats. Pregnant rats were sacrificed shortly after parturition and nonpregnant rats on the 22nd day of experiment. Carcass fat content increased in control pregnant rats. This alteration was not seen in the pregnant malnourished rats. Serum free fatty acids and pup birth weight were lower for malnourished than for control mothers. No significant difference was observed in carcass protein of Na+ and K+ content among rats of all groups. These data appear to indicate that the inability to accumulate fat in the carcass and the preservation of carcass protein at nonpregnant levels during pregnancy may be important factors involved in the genesis of the low birth weight seen in the pups of young malnourished rats, presumably reducing the availability of nutrient supplies for fetal growth. PMID- 3150296 TI - Is endogenous creatinine clearance still a reliable index of glomerular filtration rate in diabetic patients? AB - Three methods routinely used for estimation of renal function - plasma creatinine, endogenous creatinine clearance and estimation of endogenous creatinine clearance from plasma creatinine - are compared with the measurement of glomerular filtration rate based on a single injection of 51Cr-EDTA, a technique that was standardized for this study in 20 healthy volunteers. The different creatinine methods were compared with the 51Cr-EDTA method in 30 diabetic patients, resulting in 68 sets of data in which all four estimates were made simultaneously. Spearman's correlation values (rs) for comparing the three creatinine methods with that of 51Cr-EDTA were 0.74, 0.40 and 0.82 (P less than 0.05). It is suggested that the use of endogenous creatinine clearance to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) requires caution and the recognition of the limitations of the method, and that simpler techniques (serum creatinine or estimated endogenous creatinine clearance) are preferable in routine practice. GFR based on 51Cr-EDTA injection is the method of choice for monitoring renal function in special situations such as renal transplantation and progressive nephropathies. PMID- 3150297 TI - Tissue damage markers in experimental Chagas' disease. AB - Malondialdehydemia (MDA), measurements of heart and liver tissue damage (TDU), plasma activity of heart alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (LDH1) and liver lactate dehydrogenase (LDH5) were determined in non-infected mice and in mice infected with 10(5) T. cruzi, Y strain, bloodstream trypomastigotes. All the parameters measured were increased (P less than 0.01) in infected mice 8 days after intraperitoneal inoculation. The results indicate that plasma MDA levels can serve as a useful indicator of the systemic tissue injury found in Chagas' disease. PMID- 3150298 TI - Participation of endothelial cells in murine schistosomiasis. AB - The endothelial cells participate in the morphological events occurring during murine schistosomiasis, taking part in the development of hepatic periovular granuloma. The cells also show an increase in the expression of Factor VIII related antigen in the portal vessels and hepatic sinusoids during the infection. Endothelial cells are suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease and in the balance of the coagulant-anticoagulant mechanisms which favor the intravascular survival of the parasites. PMID- 3150299 TI - [Inhibition of aflatoxin B1-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by Rhizopus delemar]. PMID- 3150300 TI - Influence of experimental diabetes on the mechanical responses of canine coronary arteries: role of endothelium. AB - The influence of experimental diabetes on the endothelium mediated relaxation and contractile responses of canine isolated coronary arteries was studied in arteries removed from alloxan treated diabetic (280 mmol.kg-1) and control mongrel dogs. Strips with and without endothelium were suspended in Krebs bicarbonate solution for isometric recording. Relaxation responses to acetylcholine (1.8 X 10(-8) to 9.4 X 10(-6) mol.litre-1, A23187 (10(-8) to 1.28 X 10(-6) mol.litre-1), and sodium nitroprusside (10(-9) to 10(-7) mol.litre-1) as well as contractile responses to prostaglandin F2 alpha, (1.7 X 10(-7) to 5.6 X 10(-4) mol.litre-1) were determined. In all intact strips acetylcholine, and A23187 induced similar concentration dependent reduction of the prostaglandin F2 alpha (2 X 10(-6) mol.litre-1) evoked tone. No significant difference was observed between sodium nitroprusside evoked relaxations of normal and diabetic arteries. Cyclooxygenase blockade reduced the maximal relaxations induced by acetylcholine and A23187 in diabetic vessels, whereas it did not change the endothelium dependent relaxation of normal arteries. Diabetes increased significantly the sensitivity to acetylcholine (EC50 4.1(0.4) X 10(-7) mol.litre 1 in control and 6(0.7) X 10(-8) mol.litre-1 in diabetic arteries; p less than 0.01, n = 7) and to A23187 (EC50: 7(1) X 10(-8) mol.litre-1 in control and 3.8(0.3) X 10(-8) mol.litre-1 in diabetic vessels; p less than 0.01, n = 7); in contrast, prostaglandin F2 alpha remained an equiactive constrictor in normal and diabetic vessels with intact endothelium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3150301 TI - Management of non A, non B hepatitis: the problem and its treatment. AB - Non A, non B (NANB) hepatitis is caused by at least three, as yet unidentified, viruses and can occur as a result of blood transfusions, the use of blood products, covert or overt percutaneous exposure and epidemic waterborne outbreaks of infection. The three types of viruses are characterised by their incubation times; a short time of 2-4 weeks, a longer time of 6-12 weeks and a intermediate period for the waterborne NANB hepatitis virus. Acute NANB hepatitis is milder than HBV hepatitis with lower peak transaminase levels. However, some develop into fulminant hepatitis with a lower survival rate of 0.13%. Ten to 100% of acute patients progress to chronic NANB hepatitis. It was found that alpha lymphoblastoid interferon at levels of 3-5 megaunits (MU) thrice weekly returned transaminase levels to normal within 6-8 weeks. Approximately 80% had normal levels by the eighth week of treatment and this was maintained on 2.5-3 MU thrice weekly; a well tolerated dose. Long term, low-dose therapy is needed to maintain remission. PMID- 3150302 TI - Ultradian photosynchronization in Tetrahymena pyriformis GLC is related to modal cell generation time: further evidence for a common timer model. AB - This study contains the first report of the photosynchronization of Tetrahymena in the ultradian mode of cell division. Ultradian mode cultures of T. pyriformis GLC were grown at low cell titers in a nephelostat under five different ultradian photocycles and also under constant conditions of illumination. Entrainment was achieved only when the period of the synchronizer did not exceed the nearest modal generation time observed in free-running single cells. Thus, the discrete ranges for photentrainment of ultradian rhythms in Tetrahymena were restricted to modal windows for the generation times in free-run. Cell division was found to be a function of the phase of the ultradian zeitgeber cycle. The cells did not behave as if they had been forced into synchrony by physiological shock; the synchronous populations obtained by this technique behaved like the populations commonly used in circadian studies which had been phased by a cyclic variation within the tolerance range of the organism. PMID- 3150303 TI - [Study on acupuncture and moxibustion immunity and its regulation]. PMID- 3150304 TI - [The research of a new way to apply laser acupuncture]. PMID- 3150305 TI - [A clinic report on 119 cases of prostatitis treated by laser acupuncture]. PMID- 3150306 TI - [The clinical study on abdominal tuboligation under acupuncture anesthesia]. PMID- 3150307 TI - [Effect of acupuncture on the hemodynamics of experimental cerebral ischemia cats]. PMID- 3150308 TI - [Interaction of splanchnic and superficial somatic imputs in central nervous system]. PMID- 3150310 TI - Effects of electroacupuncture and noxious stimuli on the discharge of substantia nigra neurons in rats. PMID- 3150309 TI - [The effects of electroacupuncturing "renzhong" on brain spontaneous and evoked potentials of the rabbits with hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 3150311 TI - The effect of acupuncture manipulation to the discharges of needling sensation receptors. PMID- 3150312 TI - [Effects of electro-acupuncture on leukocyte migration and studies of the effective mechanism in rats of pleurisy]. PMID- 3150313 TI - [Influence of electroacupuncture and antagonism of electroacupuncture analgesia by naloxone on enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in guinea pig's adrenal and spinal cord]. PMID- 3150314 TI - [The changes in noradrenaline content in CSF of patients under electroacupuncture]. PMID- 3150315 TI - [Histochemical quantitative analysis on the effect of acupuncture at noradrenaline cells in the adrenal medulla and its functional route]. PMID- 3150316 TI - [Comment on acupuncture treatment of deafness due to antibiotic poisoning]. PMID- 3150317 TI - [Observation on short-term effect acupuncture in treating chronic essential thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 3150318 TI - [Preliminary report on approaches of the essence of meridian sound]. PMID- 3150319 TI - Reversible trabecular bone density loss following induced hypo-oestrogenism with the GnRH analogue buserelin in premenopausal women. AB - Thirteen premenopausal women who each received 400 micrograms three times daily of intranasal buserelin for 6 months as treatment for endometriosis participated in this study. Cortical bone mineral content (BMC) in the mid-shaft of the right femur measured by dual photon densitometry, and trabecular bone density (TBD) in the lumbar vertebrae (L2-4) measured by quantitative computed tomography, were evaluated prior to, at the end of 6 months' buserelin treatment and after 6 months off treatment. Significant hypo-oestrogenism (P less than 0.001) was sustained during the period on treatment. The significant reduction in the mean lumbar vertebral TBD of 5.9% (P less than 0.02) observed at the end of treatment with buserelin was regained within 6 months following resumption of ovarian activity. There was a marginally significant (P = 0.07) reduction of only 0.9% in the mean femoral cortical BMC at the end of treatment. Six months after the end of treatment cortical BMC values were not significantly different from the pretreatment values. There was no significant correlation between the degree of hypo-oestrogenism and the corresponding change in vertebral TBD, (r = 0.20; P less than 0.10). PMID- 3150320 TI - Hypothalamic hypogonadism following major head injury. AB - Endocrine studies, using the four hypothalamic releasing hormones, gonadotrophin releasing hormone, thyrotrophin releasing hormone, corticotrophin releasing hormone and growth hormone releasing hormone, were performed in 33 males after admission with a major head injury. The test was repeated 7 days later in all 33 patients and after 3-6 months in 21 patients. All patients had a period of unconsciousness followed by post-traumatic amnesia of greater than 24 h. The results obtained from investigating the gonadal axis are reported in this paper. The levels of total and free testosterone, basal FSH and basal LH fell significantly during the first 3 days after injury, when the LH and FSH responses to GnRH achieved their highest peak levels. This hormone pattern has not previously been reported in the gonadal axis and may be a consequence of hypothalamic dysfunction. The severity of the injury was negatively correlated to the testosterone concentration on admission and to the basal and peak FSH concentrations 1 week later. Persistent hypogonadism was found in five of the 21 patients retested after 3-6 months, with low testosterone concentrations and three continued to have an exaggerated LH response to GnRH. Thus major head injury frequently results in hypogonadism shortly after injury, with an increased gonadotrophin response to GnRH. In addition, a substantial minority of patients continue to be hypogonadal after 3-6 months. In view of these findings we strongly suggest that all patients should be endocrinologically assessed at intervals following severe head injury. PMID- 3150321 TI - Changes in the qualitative and quantitative secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) following orchidectomy in man. AB - The effect of orchidectomy and thus withdrawal of testicular hormones on the biological and immunological properties of plasma LH was studied. Plasma samples were obtained from five men (mean age 71, range 65-81 years) with advanced carcinoma of the prostate, before orchidectomy and 1, 4, 8 and 16 weeks after surgery. LH bioactivity was estimated by a mouse Leydig cell bioassay and immunoreactivity by radioimmunoassay, using the same human pituitary LH standard 68/40. FSH and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay. Similar baseline data were obtained from a group (n = 17) of normal adult men (26, 19-36 years). Baseline bioactive (40 IU/l, median) and immunoreactive (10.8 IU/l) LH levels in the patients were higher (P less than 0.01) than in the controls (15.1 and 5.7 IU/l respectively), but bioactive to immunoreactive (B:I) LH ratios (3.4 +/- 0.2 versus 2.8 +/- 0.7) and testosterone levels (15.3 vs 18.7 nmol/l) were no different, consistent with compensated Leydig cell failure in the elderly men. After orchidectomy there was a greater increase in immunoreactive (46.6 IU/l at 16 weeks) than bioactive (80.3 IU/l) LH levels i.e. a fourfold vs twofold increase from baseline values. Consequently the B:I LH ratio decreased significantly (1.8 +/- 0.4 at 16 weeks) from the baseline ratio (P less than 0.0001) and that of the controls (P less than 0.01). These data indicate that acute withdrawal of testicular sex steroids results not only in quantitative change in LH secretion but also in qualitative change that decreases the biopotency of the LH molecules. PMID- 3150322 TI - Treatment of growth deficiency. PMID- 3150323 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolism in Ascidia ceratodes eggs: role of lipid peroxidation. AB - 1. Addition of arachidonic acid (AA) to Ascidia ceratodes oocyte homogenates results in its rapid oxidation to several polar products. 2. AA oxidation in homogenates has both calcium independent and calcium stimulated components. 3. Calcium or AA addition to an oocyte homogenate stimulates O2-consumption. 4. Stimulation of homogenate O2-consumption by AA and calcium is additive. 5. Intact eggs oxidize AA to products similar to those detected in vitro. 6. Quantitatively total AA oxidation was similar for unfertilized and fertilizing eggs and dividing embryos, while qualitative differences were detected for the three stages. 7. These results demonstrate the presence of lipoxygenase-like, peroxidizing activity, in Ascidia eggs that is capable of producing products potentially important to the control of early metabolic events during development. PMID- 3150324 TI - Effect of immature Schistosoma mansoni worms on hamsters' plasma enzymes. AB - 1. The pattern and activity of isocitrate, lactate and malate dehydrogenases and malic enzyme were studied in plasma of normal hamsters and hamsters at the 26th day of infection with S. mansoni. 2. Although the electrophoretic patterns of these enzymes were similar in normal and infected hamsters, their activities were higher in the latter than the former group of animals. The elevation in the enzymic activity indicates that there is tissue damage caused by the larvae at this stage. PMID- 3150325 TI - Fragile sites, telomeric DNA sequences, B chromosomes, and DNA content in raccoon dogs, Nyctereutes procyonoides, with comparative notes on foxes, coyote, wolf, and raccoon. AB - Earlier studies of the genus Nyctereutes disclosed two subspecies of differing chromosome numbers accompanied by B chromosomes. To further define the relationship of these subspecies to each other, and to other carnivores, and to learn more about the structure and function of their chromosomes, we characterized and compared the genomes in terms of DNA content by flow cytometry, fragile sites induced by aphidicolin, and telomere sequences using biotinylated DNA probes detected with fluorescence. We also characterized the B chromosomes of these two subspecies. PMID- 3150327 TI - Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis associated with cervical esophageal web. PMID- 3150326 TI - Enteral and parenteral feeding in the dysphagic patient. PMID- 3150328 TI - [Follicular development in stimulated cycles]. PMID- 3150329 TI - [Temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome: a study of magnetic resonance imaging diagnoses and fluoroscopy]. PMID- 3150330 TI - [Metronidazole-containing teflon fibers in the treatment of periodontitis]. PMID- 3150331 TI - [Ameloblastic fibroma: clinico-pathologic analysis]. PMID- 3150332 TI - [Morphologic description and analysis of calculus on the root surface of extracted teeth]. PMID- 3150333 TI - [Studies of masticatory efficiency and of muscle force of the temporal and masseter muscles in full denture wearers by a light absorption method and computer electromyography processing system]. PMID- 3150334 TI - [Study of velopharyngeal closure using the fibrorhinopharyngoscope]. PMID- 3150335 TI - [Dynamic changes of structures of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells (Tca 8113) after hyperthermia]. PMID- 3150336 TI - [A preliminary study on the diagnostic imaging of parotid masses]. PMID- 3150337 TI - [Surgical treatment of the anterior mandible]. PMID- 3150338 TI - [Comparative physiologic studies on plasmid-containing and plasmidless streptococcus mutans]. PMID- 3150339 TI - [A bonding state between each layer of light-cured resins: a preliminary study]. PMID- 3150340 TI - [Bleaching of tetracycline-stained teeth]. PMID- 3150341 TI - [An experimental study on repairing articular cartilage of the mandibular condyle with an autograft of the costal perichondrium]. PMID- 3150342 TI - [The shear bond strength of 7 photocuring composites and 4 opaque materials to enamel]. PMID- 3150343 TI - [10 case reports on Sturge-Weber syndrome]. PMID- 3150344 TI - [Malocclusion among the people of the Lague and Han nationalities in Simao District of Yunnan Province]. PMID- 3150345 TI - [Juvenile periodontitis patients taking gu chi gao]. PMID- 3150346 TI - [An experimental immunologic study on an oral decoction of "ziyinggingre" herbs]. PMID- 3150347 TI - [Laboratory study on an outbreak of Bacillus cereus food poisoning]. PMID- 3150348 TI - [Nutritional support in severe acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3150350 TI - Antibacterial activity after a single-dose of norfloxacin, ofloxacin and pipemidic acid detected in urine of volunteers. AB - Six healthy volunteers received in a triple-crossover design a single oral dose of norfloxacin, ofloxacin or pipemidic acid. Urine samples were collected during the 24 h following the administration and were tested for inhibitory and bactericidal activity against selected strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Norfloxacin and ofloxacin inhibited the urinary growth of sensitive strains during the 24 h of sampling time at dilutions much higher than those generally considered satisfactory. Nalidixic acid was less effective and did not achieve bactericidal activity against Ps. aeruginosa over the interval of 12 to 24 h. PMID- 3150349 TI - Mucoid and pigmentation characters can be suppressed by non-anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotics in cystic fibrosis: a report of promising preliminary results. AB - In an effort to develop new strategies, the authors are exploring the hypothesis that non-anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotics can affect some major virulence factors in cystic fibrosis P. aeruginosa. Recent samples (127) of P. aeruginosa isolated from the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients and manifesting a mucoid growth were stored at -70 degrees C until experimentation. The mucoid character was retested after thawing and one 24-h in-vitro passage at 37 degrees C onto 100 mm blood agar plates to prepare a bacterial suspension for inoculation (Steers or MIC-2000 plus replicator) and cultivation (48 h, 37 degrees C) onto different 100 mm or 150-mm Mueller-Hinton agar plates containing either no antibiotics or antibiotics alone, and antibiotic combinations without presumed anti-P. aeruginosa activity. Some isolates (49, 38.6%) of P. aeruginosa expressed again the mucoid character on antibiotic-free Mueller-Hinton agar and growth was prevented by antibiotics in a number of them: 7 with doxycycline (16.0 micrograms/ml), 2 with rifampicin (16.0 micrograms/ml), 6 with roxithromycin sulfamethoxazole (16.0-304.0 micrograms/ml) and 23 with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. In the remaining evaluable isolates, the mucoid was modified towards the rough character in 36 out of 42 with doxycyline, 36 out of 47 with rifampicin, 31 out of 43 with roxithromycin-sulfamethoxazole and 20 out of 26 with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In parallel, the pigmentation was lost in the presence of antibiotics in those P. aeruginosa isolates having manifested this character on Mueller-Hinton agar. These results suggest that non-anti-P. aeruginosa antibiotics can modify the in vitro markers of virulence in cystic fibrosis P. aeruginosa and that they merit further investigation. PMID- 3150351 TI - Identification of a component of Drosophila polar granules. AB - Information necessary for the formation of pole cells, precursors of the germ line, is provided maternally and localized to the posterior pole of the Drosophila egg. The maternal origin and posterior localization of polar granules suggest that they may be associated with pole cell determinants. We have generated an antibody (Mab46F11) against polar granules. In oocytes and early embryos, the Mab46F11 antigen is sharply localized to the posterior embryonic pole. In pole cells, it becomes associated with nuclear bodies within, and nuage around, the nucleus. Immunoreactivity remains associated with cells of the germ line throughout the life cycle of both males and females. This antibody recognizes a 72-74 X 10(3) Mr protein and is useful both as a pole lineage marker and in biochemical studies of polar granules. PMID- 3150352 TI - A field evaluation of three dose levels of oxamniquine in Gezira--Sudan. PMID- 3150353 TI - Ciprofloxacin treatment of periapical Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. PMID- 3150354 TI - S-Aryl(tetramethyl)isothiouronium salts as possible antimicrobial agents--III. AB - A series of S-Aryl(tetramethyl)isothiouronium salts were prepared and evaluated in vitro for antimicrobial activity. Some compounds revealed interesting inhibiting action on Gram-positive bacteria which is noteworthy in view of the large number of strains antagonized and of the low MIC values. The possible influence of decomposition kinetics to the corresponding mercaptoderivatives was intestigated and compared with those of salts previously studied. PMID- 3150355 TI - Cost-effective crown & bridge work. PMID- 3150356 TI - Comparison of hepatic, renal and intestinal bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl transferase activities in rat microsomes. AB - 1. Bilirubin UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity and its dependence on substrate concentrations in rat liver, renal cortex and intestinal mucosa microsomes were studied. 2. Bilirubin monoglucuronide synthesis from unconjugated bilirubin was a higher capacity, lower affinity step in comparison with bilirubin diglucuronide formation in the three tissues tested. 3. Bilirubin glucuronide formation in liver microsomes showed a higher capacity but a lower affinity than extrahepatic ones. Renal cortex and intestinal mucosa exhibited similar kinetics parameters. 4. In vitro bilirubin glucuronidation in renal cortex and intestinal mucosa was quantitatively important as compared with the hepatic one. PMID- 3150357 TI - Comparison of highly purified sheep liver and lung NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductases by the analysis of kinetic and catalytic properties. AB - 1. Reductase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from sheep liver and lung microsomes. The specific activity of both enzymes ranged from 55 to 66 mumol cytochrome c reduced/min/mg protein. 2. Liver and lung reductases appeared to have similar kinetic and spectral properties. Km (NADPH) and Km (cytochrome c) values were calculated to be 14.3 +/- 1.23 microM and 22.2 +/- 2.78 microM for liver and 11.1 +/- 0.70 microM and 20.0 +/- 2.15 microM for lung reductase, respectively. Kinetic studies showed that cytochrome c can bind the oxidized form of the enzyme as well as its reduced form and both reductases operated through a ping-pong type mechanism. 3. These reductases cannot be distinguished on the basis of monomer molecular weights (Mr 78,000) except that the liver reductase was found to be more susceptible to proteolytic attack. 4. Both reductases supported aniline 4-hydroxylation and ethylmorphine N-demethylation reactions to the same extent in the reconstituted systems. However, sheep lung reductase appeared only 36.5 and 14.8% as effective in catalyzing benzo[a]pyrene reaction as an equivalent amount of reductase from liver in the presence of liver cytochrome P-450 and 3MC-treated rat liver cytochrome P-448, respectively. PMID- 3150358 TI - Patterns of glycosidases in the histiocytic cell line U-937. Effects of agents inducing cell differentiation. AB - 1. The cell bound glycosidases in sublines and clones of the histiocytic cell line U-937 have previously been shown to display characteristic patterns. 2. In this paper the effects of differentiation inducing agents upon glycosidase patterns of one subline, U-937 GTB, are presented. 3. Teleocidin, 12-O tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO), dihydroxyvitamin D3 and supernatants from mixed lymphocyte culture (MCL) all induce cellular differentiation of U-937 GTB. 4. Significant changes of the levels of cell bound glycosidases were seen after addition of inducing agents. 5. Alterations have been monitored as relative effects upon the absolute glycosidase activities and as effects upon selected ratios of different glycosidases. 6. The separate inducing agents show distinct enzyme patterns. PMID- 3150359 TI - Regulation of protein synthesis in intact rat liver by calcium mobilizing agents. AB - 1. Exposure of intact perfused rat liver to EGTA, vasopressin or phenylephrine resulted in a rapid decrease in polysome formation. Pretreatment with phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, blocked the effect of phenylephrine. 2. Hormonal inhibitions of leucine incorporation into protein in isolated hepatocytes and of polysome formation in perfused liver were reversed in the presence of supraphysiologic extracellular Ca2+ concentrations. 3. The beta adrenergic agonist isoproterenol exerted minimal effects on polysome content. 4. It is proposed that intracellular Ca2+ stores sensitive to hormonal modulation are necessary for maintenance of protein synthesis in hepatocytes. PMID- 3150360 TI - Synthesis patterns of a set of follicle cell proteins in Drosophila melanogaster sibling species. AB - The protein synthesis pattern of a set of stage and tissue specific proteins has previously been described in Drosophila melanogaster. The analysis of this set of follicle cell proteins (Fc proteins) is here extended to cover several sibling species of Drosophila melanogaster, namely D. simulans, D. mauritiana, D. erecta and D. yakuba. Even though a similar set of proteins were synthesized in these species, minor differences in size of the proteins were found between the species. Some of the species exhibited variation within species. PMID- 3150361 TI - Multiple restriction-modification systems in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 3150362 TI - Organization of target-recognizing domains in the multispecific DNA (cytosine 5)methyltransferases of Bacillus subtilis phages SPR and phi 3T. PMID- 3150363 TI - DNA methyltransferase of Bacillus subtilis Marburg: purification, properties and further evidence of specificity. AB - Bacillus subtilis Marburg strain displays DNA methyltransferase activity. This enzyme, M.BsuM, methylates cytosine in the sequence 5'-YTCGAR-3' (Y = pyrimidine; R = purine). M.BsuM was purified from the exponentially growing cells of B. subtilis 168M. This enzyme (45 +/- 1 kDa) is monomeric and recognizes only double stranded DNA. It is inhibited partially by Mg2+, Mn2+ ions and spermidine and almost totally by sodium dodecyl sulfate, urea and agarose. This enzyme methylates specifically the three methylatable sites of the plasmid pBM3. Relaxation of specificity ('star' activity) was observed in the presence of organic solvents. A very low amount of M.BsuM was obtained in the standard Marburg strain. To obtain sufficient enzyme attempts are being made to clone the M.BsuM gene in Escherichia coli by using a constructed plasmid (pBM14) vector. Only one transformant containing a 3-kb insert and showing a low level of expression, was obtained. PMID- 3150364 TI - Neisseria gonorrhoeae M.Ngo AI DNA methyltransferase: physical and catalytic properties of the homogeneous enzyme. AB - A DNA methyltransferase, M.NgoAI, was purified to homogeneity from Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain WR220 by successive column chromatography. Its Mr is 25,000, as determined by both gel filtration and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Maximal enzymatic activity was obtained in 50 mM Tris.HCl (pH 7.4), 10 mM EDTA, with incubation at 37 degrees C. An apparent Km value for S adenosylmethionine and 5' -GGCC sites was determined to be 1.25 microM and 89.6 nM, respectively. PMID- 3150365 TI - [Clinical and genetic examination of women and their newborn infants with generalized neurofibromatosis]. PMID- 3150366 TI - Ichthyosis and hypogonadism in two brothers with deletion of the short arm of the X chromosome. AB - Two brothers were examined because of ichthyosis and hypogonadism. Their testes were small. There was no response of plasma testosterone to human chorionic gonadotropin and no response of plasma luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone to intravenous luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone. They both had hyposmia. Steroid sulfatase activity in white blood cells was zero. Flow cytometry and the use of special probes indicated that these two brothers had a large deletion of the short arm of the X chromosome which included the STS locus, the closely linked locus DXS237 and probably the gene for hypogonadism, findings which offer the opportunity for speculations on the locus of control of normal testicular development and function. PMID- 3150367 TI - [In vitro sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to 10 antibiotics and response of gonococcal urethritis to rifampicin]. PMID- 3150368 TI - Excretory secretory material from different sites of female reproductive tissue of filarial parasite Setaria digitata. PMID- 3150369 TI - Effect of lithium carbonate on serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase of rats. PMID- 3150371 TI - Management of vernal conjunctivitis with steroid induced glaucoma--a comparative study. PMID- 3150370 TI - Inhibition of testicular 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase (3 beta HSD) activity in catfish Clarias batrachus (L.) by mercurials. PMID- 3150373 TI - Early rosette forming T cell--a marker of cellular immunodeficiency in PEM. PMID- 3150372 TI - Relationship between xerophthalmia and protein calorie malnutrition. PMID- 3150374 TI - Serum immunoglobulins and B cell count in protein energy malnutrition. PMID- 3150375 TI - Beliefs of Himachal women regarding feeding of marasmic or otherwise sick children. PMID- 3150376 TI - Asymmetry in the bony epiphyses of the knee joint in normal and malnourished children. PMID- 3150377 TI - Evaluation of buserelin (LHRHa) in the management of precocious puberty. PMID- 3150378 TI - Three new dentin bonding systems. PMID- 3150379 TI - Sublingual administration of flunarizine for acute migraine: will flunarizine take the place of ergotamine? PMID- 3150381 TI - Serum thyroid hormone levels in patients with liver damage: evidence of multiple abnormalities in presence of euthyroidism. PMID- 3150380 TI - Hydrodynamics in the heart modulates work. AB - The hydrostatic pressure (perfusion pressure) of the isovolumic isolated perfused rat heart regulated the hydrodynamics (water movement) of the myocardium. An abrupt (10 s) decrease in hydrostatic pressure caused an immediate decrease in oxygen consumption, left ventricular developed pressure, and wall thickness. Wall thickness was determined by two-dimensional echocardiography. When the perfusion pressure was again returned to the control values (140 cm H2O) oxygen consumption, developed pressure, and wall thickness returned to control values within 10-30 s. An abrupt decrease in perfusion pressure also caused an immediate decrease in both extracellular and intracellular water in the heart as determined by H-1 NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) with the shift reagent Dy(TTHA)3- (Dysprosium triethylene tetramine-hexaacetate). Similar findings were obtained using K(CoEDTA) (potassium cobalt ethylenediaminetetraacetate) utilized as an extracellular marker. With a decrease in intracellular water in the heart, there was a concurrent decrease in intracellular calcium. PMID- 3150382 TI - Corticosteroids in asthma: Use and misuse. PMID- 3150383 TI - A prospective study of the efficacy of B-scan sonography in the detection of deep venous thrombosis in the lower extremities. AB - Between 1 July and 31 December, 1985, 53 patients, clinically suspected of having deep venous thrombosis (DVT), were prospectively studied by B-scan ultrasound prior to lower-limb venography. Criteria for a positive ultrasound examination included visualization of frank clot, failure of the vein to collapse with compression, and absence of normal phasic flow with pulse Doppler sampling. All (100%) of the contrast venograms were considered of diagnostic quality. Fifty of the 53 ultrasound examinations (94%) were considered diagnostic. Of the 50 patients having venous ultrasound of diagnostic quality, contrast venography was positive in 25 and negative in 25 for DVT. Venous ultrasound was correct in 46 patients, for an accuracy of 92% (46/50). Sensitivity was 88% (22/25), specificity was 96% (24/25), the positive predictive value was 96% (22/23), and the negative predictive value was 89% (24/27). The single most useful sign of thrombosis in ultrasound examinations was the failure of the involved vein to collapse with compression. Venous ultrasound appears to be highly accurate in the detection of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity. PMID- 3150384 TI - "Bullet"-shaped head in fetuses with spina bifida: a pointer to the spinal lesion. AB - A "bullet"-shaped head, characterized by flattening in the parietal regions with pointing of the frontal bones, was noted in ultrasound examinations of fetuses with neural tube defects. In a series of 12 fetuses with spinal defects, this finding was present in nine. This abnormal head shape is a useful pointer to the spinal lesion. PMID- 3150385 TI - Sonographic findings in traumatic hemobilia: report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Hemobilia consists of an arteriobiliary fistula, usually due to central liver rupture with bleeding into the biliary tree. It is due to trauma in over 50% of cases, with an increasing incidence of iatrogenically caused hemobilia. The sonographic findings in two cases of traumatic hemobilia are presented and the literature is reviewed. These findings include clot within the gallbladder and the extrahepatic ducts, liver hematoma, and aneurysm of the hepatic artery. PMID- 3150386 TI - Ultrasonographic and computed tomographic features of renal sinus lymphoma. PMID- 3150387 TI - Ultrasound-guided selective feticide of hydrocephalic fetus in triplet pregnancy. PMID- 3150389 TI - Sonographic findings of generalized meconium peritonitis presenting as neonatal ascites. PMID- 3150388 TI - A case of female infertility investigated by contrast-enhanced echo-gynecography. PMID- 3150390 TI - An unusual case of intracerebral hematoma caused by an indriven fragment of bone: ultrasound evaluation with CT correlation. PMID- 3150391 TI - Assessment of utero-placental blood flow velocity wave forms in a pregnant patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3150392 TI - Autonomous ovarian cyst in isosexual precocious pseudopuberty. PMID- 3150393 TI - Hyponatremia as the result of preparation for abdominal ultrasound examination. PMID- 3150394 TI - Mathematical modeling of fetal growth: V. Fetal weight changes at term. AB - Fetal growth after 37 weeks menstrual age was investigated by comparing ultrasound estimates of fetal weight with corresponding weights of newborns. Using a weight estimation equation with minimal systematic error, evidence was found that fetuses delivered at term do not increase in weight the last two weeks before delivery. This change in fetal growth is regarded as a biological process that is needed to prepare the fetus for its life after birth. Only one of three subsets, that of estimated weights below 3000 g, showed significant weight increase after 37 weeks. This subset had, however, on average the longest scan delivery interval. We conclude that conventional birthweight standards are influenced both by a cessation of fetal growth approximately two weeks before delivery and by an association between fetal size and the duration of gestation. PMID- 3150396 TI - Application of ultrasound in the diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy--a review of the literature. AB - The world literature between 1979 and 1984 has been reviewed in regard to the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy. Although ultrasonography is helpful in detecting the intrauterine pregnancy, it is far less accurate for diagnosing the associated ectopic pregnancy. A clear-cut ultrasonographic diagnosis prior to surgical intervention could be made in only 4 of 29 cases (14%), where viable intra- and extrauterine fetuses were observed. PMID- 3150395 TI - Endoscopic ultrasonography of esophageal tumors and compressions. AB - The diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography to determine the nature of submucosal tumors and external compressions of the esophagus was assessed in 14 patients using endoscopic linear array ultrasonography. For submucosal tumors this new approach not only provided an accurate diagnosis but also enabled us to determine the layer of origin, the direction of growth, and the consistency of the tumor--information not obtainable through other diagnostic methods. The structure from which the external compression comes could also be detected through this new technique. Endoscopic ultrasonography is a very helpful diagnostic procedure in determining the nature of these "tumorlike" lesions. PMID- 3150397 TI - Ultrasound of hemobilia: a clinical and experimental study. AB - Clinical observations on patients with hemobilia secondary to percutaneous biliary procedures and laboratory studies on animals with experimentally induced hemobilia indicate that the presence of fresh blood or clot within the biliary tree may yield an erroneous impression of duct size in ultrasound examinations. Recognition of this potential source of error becomes increasingly important as the use of percutaneous procedures for the relief of biliary obstruction increases. PMID- 3150398 TI - Measurement of quadriceps muscle thickness and subcutaneous tissue thickness in normal children by real-time ultrasound imaging. AB - A reproducible ultrasound imaging technique is described for measurement of midthigh muscle and subcutaneous tissue thickness. We studied 276 children including those attending hospital outpatient clinics with non-neurological disorders, newborn babies on the obstetric wards, and children attending a local primary school. There was no significant difference in muscle depth between girls and boys, but girls had a significantly greater subcutaneous tissue depth than boys. The results of this study provide a basis for the study of muscle atrophy and hypertrophy in neuromuscular disease. PMID- 3150399 TI - Assessment of quadriceps femoris muscle atrophy and hypertrophy in neuromuscular disease in children. AB - Midthigh muscle and subcutaneous tissue thickness were measured using a real-time linear array ultrasound scanner in 50 patients attending our Muscle Clinic; 28 had muscular dystrophy and 21 spinal muscular atrophy. In muscular dystrophy the muscle thickness was found to be normal or increased, whereas in spinal muscular atrophy it was reduced, with an associated increase in subcutaneous tissue thickness that did not relate to obesity. Measurement of muscle and subcutaneous tissue thickness provides a more accurate way of assessing muscle atrophy and hypertrophy than clinical assessment, and is a useful guide in the discrimination between muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy. PMID- 3150400 TI - Sonography of cyclophosphamide hemorrhagic cystitis: a report of two cases. PMID- 3150401 TI - Delayed diagnosis of advanced combined pregnancy. PMID- 3150402 TI - Ultrasonographic detection of epididymal sarcoidosis. PMID- 3150404 TI - Antenatal ultrasound diagnosis of the femur-fibula-ulna syndrome. PMID- 3150403 TI - Sonographic features of turberculous omental cakes in peritoneal tuberculosis. PMID- 3150405 TI - Diagnosis of ectopia cordis in the second trimester. PMID- 3150406 TI - An investigation of the nature of Bohr, Root, and Haldane effects in Octopus dofleini hemocyanin. AB - 1. The pH dependence of Octopus dofleini hemocyanin oxygenation is so great that below pH 7.0 the molecule does not become fully oxygenated, even in pure O2 at 1 atm pressure. However, the curves describing percent oxygenation as a function of PO2 appear to be gradually increasing in oxygen saturation, rather than leveling out at less than full saturation. Hill plots indicate that at pH 6.6 and below the molecule is stabilized in its low affinity conformation. Thus, the low saturation of this hemocyanin in air is due to the very large Bohr shift, and not to the disabling of one or more functionally distinct O2 binding sites on the native molecule. 2. Experiments in which pH was monitored continuously while oxygenation was manipulated in the presence of CO2 provide no evidence of O2 linked binding of CO2. While CO2 does influence O2 affinity independently of pH, its effect may be due to high levels of HCO3- and CO3-, rather than molecular CO2, and it may entail a lowering of the activities of the allosteric effectors Mg2+ and Ca2+. PMID- 3150408 TI - [Clostridium difficile in the colon of patient with pseudomembranous colitis and contamination of environment]. PMID- 3150409 TI - [Isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and study on these MRSA isolates in the ICU of our hospital]. PMID- 3150410 TI - [Bacterial flora from the tonsil core and tonsil surface of patients with habitual tonsillitis]. PMID- 3150407 TI - Effect of venous (gut) CO2 loading on intrapulmonary gas fractions and ventilation in the tegu lizard. AB - Studies were conducted to determine regional pulmonary gas concentrations in the tegu lizard lung. Additionally, changes in pulmonary gas concentrations and ventilatory patterns caused by elevating venous levels of CO2 by gut infusion were measured. It was found that significant stratification of lung gases was present in the tegu and that dynamic fluctuations of CO2 concentration varied throughout the length of the lung. Mean FCO2 was greater and FO2 less in the posterior regions of the lung. In the posterior regions gas concentrations remained nearly constant, whereas in the anterior regions large swings were observed with each breath. In the most anterior sections of the lung near the bronchi, CO2 and O2 concentrations approached atmospheric levels during inspiration and posterior lung levels during expiration. During gut loading of CO2, the rate of rise of CO2 during the breathing pause increased. The mean level of CO2 also increased. Breathing rate and tidal volume increased to produce a doubling of VE. These results indicate that the method of introduction of CO2 into the tegu respiratory system determines the ventilatory response. If the CO2 is introduced into the venous blood a dramatic increase in ventilation is observed. If the CO2 is introduced into the inspired air a significant decrease in ventilation is produced. The changes in pulmonary CO2 environment caused by inspiratory CO2 loading are different from those caused by venous CO2 loading. We hypothesize that the differences in pulmonary CO2 environment caused by either inspiratory CO2 loading or fluctuations in venous CO2 concentration act differently on the IPC. The differing response of the IPC to the two methods of CO2 loading is the cause of the opposite ventilatory response seen during either venous or inspiratory loading. PMID- 3150411 TI - [Enterobacter asburiae isolated from clinical specimens]. PMID- 3150412 TI - Leukopenic and lethal effects of slime from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. PMID- 3150413 TI - [A measles outbreak among junior high school students]. PMID- 3150414 TI - [A case of human fascioliasis diagnosed by serological methods]. PMID- 3150415 TI - [A case of Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia associated with bacteremia and a giant cavity on the chest roentgenogram]. PMID- 3150416 TI - [Disseminated Trichosporon beigelii infection in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia]. PMID- 3150417 TI - [A case of emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli and Candida glabrata]. PMID- 3150418 TI - [A case of Tsutsugamushi disease with multiple organ involvement]. PMID- 3150419 TI - [A case of Tsutsugamushi disease, occurring in the rural area of Tama, Tokyo]. PMID- 3150420 TI - [Lipids of archaebacteria--heptad hypothesis]. PMID- 3150421 TI - [Gluconate operon of Bacillus subtilis: a model for enzyme induction of gram positive bacteria]. PMID- 3150422 TI - Osteonecrosis and ossification disturbance of the femoral head in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The usefulness of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as a model animal for Perthes disease was evaluated because bone necrosis and ossification disturbance are frequently found in SHR. Twenty femoral heads from twenty-week-old male SHR were compared with twenty femoral heads from each control strain, Wistar Kyoto rat, Wistar rat and Donryu rat, in radiological and histological studies. SHR radiographs revealed flattening of the femoral head, radiolucent area and absence of trabeculae in the ossific nucleus as well as shortening and broadening of the neck. In the histological study of epiphysis in SHR, bone necrosis and various stages of its repair process and ossification disturbance represented the main findings. Incidence of these abnormal findings were significantly higher than in the control groups. Clarification of the causes of bone necrosis and ossification disturbance in SHR will provide a key to the understanding of the pathogenesis in Perthes disease. PMID- 3150423 TI - [Studies on induction mechanism of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine--especially on the cultured cells from the human spinal ligament]. AB - To determine the mechanism of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the spine using cultured cells derived from the human spinal ligament, the ossification group and the non-ossification group were compared morphologically and biochemically. The results are as follows: 1) There is a difference in the characteristics of the two groups. The non-ossification group consists chiefly of fibroblast-like cells, while the ossification group consists chiefly of osteogenic un-differentiated mesenchymal cells. 2) In the ossification group, the posterior longitudinal ligament is composed of high osteogenic potential cells, with a resulting general tendency of systemic ossification. This systemic ligamentous ossification factor is a primary cause of OPLL. When localized anatomical stress and/or abnormalities of hormone and bone metabolism stimulate this ligament which is in a high osteogenic activity, this may result in initial ossification which may develop into the pathological OPLL. PMID- 3150424 TI - [Experimental study on ossification of spinal ligaments in the rabbit under influence of bone morphogenetic protein]. AB - Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is known to induce cartilage from mesenchymal cells in organ culture. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether spinal ligaments differentiate into cartilage when cultured with BMP. Implantation of BMP into the yellow ligament was also done to make a model of the ossification of yellow ligament. The rabbit was employed as an experimental animal. In organ culture, BMP induced new cartilage from the posterior longitudinal ligament, the yellow ligament and the supraspinous ligament. This indicates that spinal ligaments have the potential to ossify, and bone or periosteum may not have a direct relationship with spinal ligament ossification. Ossification of the yellow ligament was produced by implantation of BMP. Blood vessels are thought to have some role in the ossification of spinal ligaments. The spinal cord was compressed posteriorly by the ossified yellow ligament. This ossification of the yellow ligament resembled that of human beings and may be regarded as a useful experimental model. PMID- 3150425 TI - [Level of 5-fluorouracil in cancerous and normal tissues of nude mice bearing human endometrial carcinoma after administration of UFT coadministered with nicardipin]. PMID- 3150427 TI - [Recent progress in diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. V. Present status and problems of other treatments. 12. Enteral nutrition]. PMID- 3150426 TI - [Morphologic evaluation of systemic chemotherapy for gastric cancer--using new criteria of the Research Society for Gastric Cancer]. PMID- 3150429 TI - Meningococcal carriers in school children. PMID- 3150428 TI - [A case of subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis with high titer of serum gamma interferon]. PMID- 3150430 TI - Irreversible inhibition of GABA-T by halogenated analogues of beta-alanine. AB - beta-Difluoromethyl-beta-alanine (3-amino-4,4-difluorobutanoic acid) is a potent in vitro and in vivo inhibitor of GABA-T. The rate of inhibition of GABA-T is concentration- and time-dependent. The inactivation is active-site directed. No reactive species escapes from the active site before reacting with the enzyme. The inhibition is irreversible and stereospecific. The use of beta-2H-beta difluoromethyl-beta-alanine results in a marked primary isotope effect in vitro and in vivo. The use of differently substituted dihalogeno derivatives of beta alanine suggests that the rate of inhibition is dependent on the nature and position of the leaving group. The mechanism of inhibition is discussed on the basis of spectral changes. PMID- 3150431 TI - Interaction of brain-type creatine kinase with its transition state analog: kinetics of inhibition and conformational changes. AB - The effects of components of the transition state analog (creatine, MgADP, planar anion) on the kinetics and conformation of creatine kinase isozyme BB from monkey brain was studied. From analysis of the reaction time course using the pH stat assay, it was shown that during accumulation of the reaction products (ADP and creatine phosphate), among several anions added, nitrate proved the most effective in inhibiting catalytic activity. Maximum inhibition (77%) was achieved with 50 mM nitrate. The Km for ATP was 0.48 mM and in the presence of 2.5 mM nitrate, 2.2 mM; for ATP in the presence of the dead-end complex, creatine and ADP, the apparent Km was 2.0 mM and the Ki was 0.16 mM; in the presence of the transition state analog, MgADP + NO3- + creatine, the Ki was estimated to be 0.04 mM. Ultraviolet difference spectra of creatine kinase revealed significant differences only in the presence of the complete mixture of the components of the transition state analog. Comparison of gel filtration elution profiles for creatine kinase in the absence and presence of the complete mixture of components of the transition state analog did not reveal any differences in elution volume. Addition of components of the transition state analog to creatine kinase resulted in only a marginal change in intrinsic fluorescence. The presence of the components of the transition state analog increased the rate of reactivity of the enzyme with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid from k = 6.06 +/- 0.05 M-1 min-1 to 6.96 +/- 0.11 M-1 min-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3150432 TI - Autoimmunity to collagen in adult periodontal disease. AB - Although it has been documented that exogenous antigens of microbial origin are involved in the induction of the local inflammatory responses in human adult periodontitis (AP), endogenous antigens may contribute to the chronicity of this common disease. In this study, we used the enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) test to enumerate antibody-secreting cells to human collagen Types I-VI by cells isolated from the gingivae and peripheral blood of AP patients. Analyses of dissociated cells from gingivae of 39 AP patients revealed the presence of high numbers of cells that secrete antibodies to Type I collagen, and to a lesser extent, Type III. Although the majority of such cells produced specific antibodies of the IgG class, IgA- and IgM- anti-collagen -secreting cells were also detected. When compared to the total antibody-producing cells, the numbers of cells forming specific antibodies to collagen Type I were surprisingly high. In contrast, anti-collagen antibody-producing cells were rarely detected in the peripheral blood of patients with adult periodontal disease and only low levels of anti-collagen antibodies were present in the serum. The finding of local production of anti-collagen antibodies in AP suggests that autoimmunity may contribute to the pathogenesis of this common disease. PMID- 3150433 TI - Ultrastructural study of Sjogren's syndrome-like disease in MRL/l mice. AB - Salivary glands of autoimmune MRL/l mice were examined ultrastructurally and by immunoelectron microscopy to further characterize the Sjogren's syndrome-like disease in these animals. Major salivary glands from 12 female and 7 male MRL/l, two female MRL/n, and one female BALB/c mice were examined by electron microscopy and the glands from 4 female MRL/l mice were subjected to immunoelectron microscopy in order to detect Lyt-1 and Lyt-2 positive lymphoid cells. Mononuclear cell infiltrates were not seen in the salivary gland from the BALB mouse and occurred rarely in glands of MRL/n mice. However, in MRL/l mice, numerous lymphoid cells were present and acinar cells displayed low cytoplasmic density, cytoplasmic vacuolization and cellular lysis. Lymphoid cells were predominantly Lyt-1 positive although some Lyt-2 positive cells were observed. These results suggest that the MRL/l mouse represents a useful model for the study of the pathogenesis of Sjogren's syndrome in man. PMID- 3150434 TI - Suppression of Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 (g) in plaques by Streptococcus mutans 32K (c). AB - The dental plaque of 96 healthy donors was screened for the production of such antibacterial substances as mutalipocin and bacteriocin and 192 strains of mutans streptococci isolated: 28 produced mutalipocin and 22 produced bacteriocin. Mutalipocin produced by these 28 S. mutans strains possessed similar biochemical and biological characteristics of well-characterized mutalipocin-producing strain S. mutans 32K (serotype c). When equal amounts of S. mutans 32K and S. sobrinus 6715 (g) were cultured together, cells of S. sobrinus 6715 were completely killed in 18 h. In addition, S. mutans 32K inhibited in vitro plaque formation by S. sobrinus 6715, and S. mutans 32K also eliminated in vitro plaque preformed by S. sobrinus 6715. In rat experiments, S. mutans 32K could pre-emptively colonize in plaque preformed by S. sobrinus 6715. On the other hand, S. sobrinus 6715 could not colonize in plaque preformed by S. mutans 32K. The results indicate that S. mutans serotype c which produces antibacterial substances is able to invade dental plaque and replace the other mutans streptococci. This investigation offers one of the possible explanation why S. mutans serotype c is a predominant species among mutans streptococci in human plaque. PMID- 3150435 TI - Synthesis of proteoglycans in rat mucosal keratinocytes. AB - The synthesis of hyaluronic acid and proteoglycans by rat mucosal keratinocytes of an established cell line (CCL-10) has been investigated. Proliferating cultures at or near confluency were grown in the presence of [35S] sulfate or D [1-3H] glucosamine for 24 h, and the glycosaminoglycan composition of cells and medium was determined. Characterization of the 35S-labelled glycosaminoglycans showed that heparan sulfate was the major component (approximately 90%) and that small amounts (approximately 10%) of galactosaminoglycans had also been synthesized. Analysis of cultures labelled with D-[1-3H] glucosamine demonstrated that hyaluronic acid was also present, most prominently in the medium where approximately one third of the radioactivity in the glycosaminoglycan pool was found in the hyaluronic acid fraction. [35S]-labelled proteoglycans extracted from the cell layer in the presence of protease inhibitors showed substantial heterogeneity upon chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B. In contrast, the proteoglycans in the medium gave a major peak which was eluted at a Kav of 0.28. Gel chromatography of the glycosaminoglycan chains in the latter, isolated after proteolytic digestion, indicated a molecular weight of 17,000. PMID- 3150437 TI - Local infusion of prostaglandin E1 stimulates mandibular bone formation in vivo. AB - The maintenance of alveolar bone is a major clinical objective in dentistry. This is particularly difficult following such local inflammatory episodes as those of periodontitis or the loss of dentition (residual ridge resorption). We present evidence from beagle dogs that local infusion of prostaglandin E1 (PGE) for 3 weeks at doses of 500 to 2000 micrograms per week produces a dramatic, localized formation of alveolar bone in the mandible which exhibits a normal lamellar architecture and mineralization pattern when evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and microradiography. Whether this newly formed bone becomes functionally integrated into the skeleton and can replace bone lost from surgical resections or trauma remains to be established. Nevertheless, these data indicate that predictable local osteogenesis may eventually be produced by infusions of PGE. PMID- 3150436 TI - Expression of heat stress proteins by human periodontal ligament cells. AB - The purpose of the present report was to document the stress response produced by physical and chemical abuses to human periodontal ligament cells, and to review some of the known functions of stress response proteins produced as a result of such treatments. For these studies human PDL cells were exposed to sublethal challenges of 43 degrees C heat, sodium arsenite and the amino acid analog L azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZC). The cells were labelled with [35S]-methionine and the proteins produced were examined by autofluorography of SDS-PAGE gels. Heat challenges were shown to induce hsps with an apparent mol. wts. of 90K, 68 72K, 41-47K, and 36 K. Arsenite-treated cells produced similar hsps including a 30k protein not produced by other forms of stress. AZC treatment resulted in the production of apparent functionless hsps with apparent molecular weights of 90,000, 72,000, 68,000 and 36,000. The function of these proteins and their possible role in periodontal disease is discussed. PMID- 3150438 TI - Sequential expression of carbohydrate antigens with precursor-product relation characterizes cellular maturation in stratified squamous epithelium. AB - Cell surface carbohydrates are excellent markers for cellular differentiation and maturation due to great structural and antigenic diversity and to known precursor/product relations. Several blood group related carbohydrate antigens were analyzed in human labial stratified non-keratinized epithelium from 16 healthy individuals by immunohistology using monoclonal antibodies. The expression of these antigens was correlated with erythrocyte phenotype and saliva secretor status. Three distinct compartments of the epithelium were found and defined by the sequential expression of derivatives of Type 2 chain structures: lower, confined to basal cell layers (N-acetyllactosamine), middle, to parabasal cell layers (H) and upper, to spinous cell layers (Le(y)/Le(x)). Although the antigens are related to blood group antigens they are largely expressed independently of the ABO, Lewis and secretor types, and may therefore serve as "universal" markers in differentiation studies of normal and pathological epithelium. PMID- 3150439 TI - In vivo effects of Sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, TPA and A23187 on hamster cheek pouch epithelium. AB - Cheek pouches of male Syrian golden hamsters were topically treated with a single dose of TPA (.5 microgram), calcium ionophore A23187 (75 micrograms) or Sn-1,2 dioctanoylglycerol (DiC8) (500 micrograms) dissolved in 0.25 ml acetone. Acetone treated animals served as controls. After 48 h the mitotic index for the control group was 1.1 +/- 0.1 per 1 mm of the basement membrane length. All the test congeners exhibited higher mitotic indices than controls: TPA (4.8 +/- 0.4), A23187 (3.9 +/- 0.3), DiC8 (2.1 +/- 0.2). All groups exhibited an increase in the epithelial thickness manifested by cellular hyperplasia. The treatment of the pouches with the anti-inflammatory agent fluocinolone acetonide inhibited the mitogenic and hyperplasiogenic affects on the epithelium induced by the various test chemicals. These studies indicate a possible role of calcium-phospholipid dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) in the mediation of oral epithelial cell proliferation. PMID- 3150440 TI - Histomorphometric analysis of epithelial changes in chemically induced oral mucosal carcinogenesis in rats. AB - Quantitative analysis of rat palatal mucosa after the carcinogen 4- nitroquinoline-1-oxide had been applied to the epithelium for varying periods of time showed that there was a significant increase in epithelial thickness, due largely to an increase in thickness of the basal compartment. This alteration was measurable before epithelial dysplasia could be recognised. PMID- 3150441 TI - The unicystic ameloblastoma: a clinicopathological study of 57 cases. AB - A clinicopathological study of 57 unicystic ameloblastomas has been undertaken, which represents 15% of all cases of ameloblastoma accessioned in our department over a 30-yr period. Of the cases where gender was recorded: 30 were male and 23 female. The majority of patients were black (51 cases) and most occurred in the mandible (52). This distribution conforms to that of solid and multicystic ameloblastomas. The mean age at diagnosis was 23.8 years (S.D. 14.9) which is significantly younger than for the conventional counterpart (p less than 0.1%). The lesions were classified histologically into 3 groups: Group 1 (42%) cyst lined by a variable often non-descript epithelium; Group 2 (9%) cyst showing intraluminal plexiform proliferation of epithelium; Group 3 (49%) cyst with invasion of epithelium into the cyst wall in either follicular or plexiform patterns. While Group 1 and 2 lesions may be treated by enucleation, Group 3 lesions should be treated aggressively as for conventional ameloblastomas. The objectives of correct histological diagnosis, subclassification and appropriate therapy are best achieved by enucleation biopsy. There is little evidence to support origin from pre-existing odontogenic cysts. PMID- 3150442 TI - Amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta and dentin dysplasia revisited: problems in classification. AB - The classification and prevalence of amelogenesis imperfecta is updated based upon new information in the literature. Problems with the currently used classification of inherited dentin defects are discussed. PMID- 3150443 TI - Multiple myeloma and amyloidosis of the tongue. AB - Tongue biopsies of 30 diagnosed cases of multiple myeloma were examined light and electron microscopically and amyloid deposits were identified in 8 patients. Immunochemical typing of amyloid in kappa and lambda subtypes was performed successfully although positive staining of tissue-associated immunoglobulin light chains made reliable identification of amyloid with this technique difficult. Cells of macrophage lineage appear to play a central role in light chain associated amyloidogenesis. Our findings do not agree with the reported higher amyloidogenic potential of lambda light chains and we were unable to show a positive correlation between the percentage plasma cells in bone marrow aspirates or the presence of urinary light chains and myeloma-associated amyloidosis. PMID- 3150444 TI - Clinical and chemical properties of a novel mucosal bioadhesive agent. AB - Through clinical observations and known chemical properties, this series of studies delineates properties of a new bioadhesive agent available commercially (Zilactin). Using a previously published protocol, we determined that the duration of the film formed on mucosa was not altered after exposure to extremes in temperatures encountered in drinking hot and cold liquids. In addition, through dissection of the agent into several component parts, we were able to determine a specific role for each of the acidic ingredients. It is clear that the solubility of hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel) is altered by esterification of the polymer by tannic and salicylic acids and that boric acid effectively crosslinks these to form Zilactin's characteristic clinical film. Other fine points of the chemical reactions are detailed. These studies are intended to serve as a foundation for the future manipulation and application of this agent in oral mucosal diseases. PMID- 3150445 TI - Postmortem pink teeth: in vitro production. AB - The aim of this study was to produce pink teeth experimentally with cadaver blood and to correlate the time sequence of the coloration with the pattern of hemolysis of the blood. The blood from 7 cadavers (postmortem period 8-58 h) was used to stain 7 groups of 14 teeth each. All the teeth were divided longitudinally and one half received blood which contained a piece of skin (to imitate pulpal autolysis) and the other half cadaver blood only. Circumpulpal discoloration commenced on the sixth day postmortem and increased to 18 days. At 6 days, hemolysis was evident histologically and the separation between plasma and blood cells had disappeared in centrifuged blood. No difference was noticed between the blood with and without skin. It is concluded that pink staining of teeth can only occur after hemolysis and that discoloration becomes obvious macroscopically at about 6 days. PMID- 3150446 TI - [Echocardiographic findings in a case of Fabry's disease with aortic regurgitation and complete AV block, and in his family members]. AB - A 46-year-old man with Fabry's disease having aortic regurgitation and complete atrioventricular (AV) block was presented. In spite of severe aortic regurgitation (Seller's grade 3/4), his two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiogram revealed increased thickness of the left ventricular wall with mild dilatation. The myocardial echo showed a fine granular sparkling texture suggesting phospholipid deposition in the myocardial tissue. The membranous portion of the interventricular septum was thickened, and the aortic valve was thickened and had imperfect coaptation. Endomyocardial biopsy of the right side of the interventricular septum revealed intramyocardial vacuolization by light microscopy. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of myelinoid lamellar inclusion. Electrophysiologic examination revealed an intra-Hissian AV block. A DDD pacemaker was implanted and the patient's symptoms were improved. Valvular replacement was not attempted due to the danger of suture failure. The patient's brother (41-year-old) also had increased thickness of his left ventricular wall on echocardiography, and a complete AV block by ECG, but no valvular abnormalities. His sister (45-year-old) had increased thickness of the left ventricular wall on echocardiography, and negative T waves by ECG, but she had no cardiac symptoms. The possibility of cardiac involvement in this heterozygous woman with Fabry's disease should also be considered. The patient's 38-year-old sister and all the children of all family members had normal left ventricular wall thicknesses and normal ECG. These findings may correspond to the age-related disease severity. The possibility of cardiac abnormalities should be considered in heterozygous women with Fabry's disease. PMID- 3150448 TI - Some recent advances in nutrition. PMID- 3150447 TI - Siblings with left ventricular diverticulum and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - This report describes very rare siblings who had a left ventricular muscular diverticulum and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The first case is a 16-year-old male. On two-dimensional echocardiography, a left ventricular muscular diverticulum in the posterior wall and mitral valve prolapse were detected. The former was verified by left ventriculography. Endomyocardial biopsy showed findings compatible with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The second case is a 13 year-old female. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed a left ventricular muscular diverticulum in the same location as that of the first case, and mitral valve prolapse as well. The former was confirmed by left ventriculography. The endomyocardial biopsy findings were compatible with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The coronary angiograms were normal in both cases. To our knowledge, familial appearance of a left ventricular diverticulum has not yet been reported, and a left ventricular diverticulum at the posterior wall in cases with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is very rare. PMID- 3150450 TI - Updated community approach to head lice. PMID- 3150449 TI - Infant feeding in King Khalid University Hospital. PMID- 3150451 TI - Tritium and health. PMID- 3150453 TI - Female incontinence: 'the Basingstoke project'. PMID- 3150452 TI - Police officers' attitude to Stats 19 data collection. PMID- 3150454 TI - Attitudes to health promotion in licensed premises. PMID- 3150455 TI - Alcoholic liver disease among ethnic Asians and non-Asians. PMID- 3150457 TI - Product liability. PMID- 3150458 TI - The Uckfield Health Fayre. PMID- 3150456 TI - Primary health care in rural Jamaica. PMID- 3150459 TI - Ameliorating the effects of unemployment. PMID- 3150460 TI - Blindness: prevention in India. PMID- 3150461 TI - Emergence of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa during treatment of intra abdominal infection in a patient with ovarian carcinoma. AB - A 59-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with ovarian carcinoma. After cytoreductive surgery, the patient developed intra-abdominal sepsis. After 17 days of intravenous imipenem, the patient's sputum culture grew imipenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. On the 21st day of treatment with imipenem, her peritoneal culture also grew imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 3150463 TI - Axial and peripheral skeletal features of von Recklinghausen's disease in the African. AB - A study of axial and peripheral skeletal features of von Recklinghausen's disease in 26 Nigerian African adults has been carried out. Widened intervertebral foramina were the commonest lesions in the axial skeleton of these patients. They occurred in 24 (92.30 percent) of all cervical vertebrae; 20 (76.92 percent) of all lumbar vertebrae; and 16 (61.53 percent) of all thoracic vertebrae. Six (23.08 percent) had lumbar scoliosis. Dysplastic pedicles appeared in 4 (14.38 percent). Malignant changes with bony erosion occurred in two (7.69 percent). Dumbbell features of intraspinal involvement were observed in one patient. It is suggested that in view of the protean nature of presentation of this disease, physicians should always bear it in mind in cases of unusual skeletal lesions and watch carefully for its identifying signs. PMID- 3150462 TI - The health economics cascade of the '80s. PMID- 3150465 TI - Effect of tetrodotoxin on the transmembrane potential of the pacemaker cell in the sinus venosus of toad. PMID- 3150464 TI - Trypanosoma lewisi: effects of trace metal contaminants on immunological responses. AB - The effects of trace metal contaminants (lead, cadmium, and mercury) on the immunologic responses of rats infected with Trypanosoma lewisi were investigated to determine whether chronic exposures to subclinical levels of these metals have adverse effects on the host's ability to respond to an infective agent.Earlier and higher levels of parasitemia were detected in animals exposed to cadmium, lead, and mercury. The variability in length of trypanosome cells in metal exposed animals became constant at a later time and persisted for a longer time, indicating a delay in antibody synthesis. Serum levels of IgG and IgM were increased in infected animals exposed to trace metals; however, lower levels were observed when compared with infected control animals. Animals exposed only to trace metals showed decreases in serum levels of IgG and IgM. In contact sensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), animals exposed to trace metals demonstrated no significant difference in sensitization when compared with those infected and exposed to trace metals. PMID- 3150467 TI - Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on cardiovascular function in dogs with hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 3150466 TI - The pathogenesis of liver fibrosis in schistosomiasis japonica: sequential qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemical study of extracellular components in schistosomal egg granulomas in murine liver. PMID- 3150469 TI - [Automated systems for antimicrobial susceptibility testing]. PMID- 3150468 TI - Studies on IUD-induced menorrhagia and increased synthesis of prostacyclin in endometrium. PMID- 3150470 TI - [Drug susceptibility test of mycobacteria]. PMID- 3150471 TI - [Signal transduction in adrenal medulla]. PMID- 3150472 TI - [Three cases of renal failure associated with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia after mitomycin C therapy]. PMID- 3150473 TI - Dependence of cell pH and buffer capacity on the extracellular acid-base change in the skeletal muscle of bullfrog. AB - Intracellular pH was measured with single- or double-barreled liquid ion exchanger microelectrodes in the bullfrog sartorius muscle perfused in vitro. A neutral carrier ligand was used for pH sensor of microelectrodes. Average slopes of the single-barreled microelectrodes were -56.4 +/- 1.34 mV/pH (n = 30) and the double-barreled -52.6 +/- 1.34 mV/pH (n = 65). While changing acid-base parameters of bathing media (pHe from 6.7 to 8.4, PCO2 from 3.7 to 37 mmHg, and HCO3- concentrations from 5 to 75 mM), paired muscle cell pH (pHi) and membrane potential (EM) values were determined at 23 degrees C. In control conditions (pHe = 7.6, HCO3- = 15 mM, PCO2 = 11 mmHg), pHi and EM (n = 20) averaged 6.99 +/- 0.04 (S.E.) and -69.2 +/- 2.2 mV, respectively. A negative correlation was observed between pHi and EM (correlation coefficient r = -0.564, p less than 0.002). The change in EM per unit pH change was approximately -30mV, indicating that the H+ distribution across the cell membrane only incompletely obeys the Donnan rule. The pHi varied more or less with pHe. Namely, changes in pHe and PCO2 at constant HCO3- produced relatively large changes in pHi, but elevation of pHe and HCO3- at constant PCO2 produced relatively minor rise in pHi. The stability of pHi or the size of buffer capacity were proportional to external HCO3- concentrations. These data suggested that a transmembrane distribution of buffer pairs depends largely on non-ionic diffusion of CO2-HCO3- buffer system and partly on ion fluxes of HCO3- or H+. PMID- 3150474 TI - Effects of cytochalasins on the mechanical and membrane responses in the isolated longitudinal myometrium of pregnant rat with reference to the EGTA-resistant contraction. AB - Effects of cytochalasins B and D (CB, CD) were examined for the contractions of the longitudinal myometrium of pregnant rat exposed to Krebs solution, 40 mM K Krebs, and Ca-free (40 mM K) solution containing 5 mM Mg. The Ca-free contraction was evoked by applying 3 mM ATP. Application of CB caused a prompt inhibition of the contractions: 3 microM CB depressed the twitch contraction generated in Krebs solution by 12%, the K-contracture by 6%, and the ATP-induced contraction in the Ca-free solution by 59%. CD (3 microM) depressed the K-contracture by 31%, and the ATP-induced contraction in the Ca-free solution by 81%. CB and CD in 3 microM hyperpolarized the membrane and depressed the generation of action potential. From the above results, it was discussed that depressant effects of cytochalasins on twitch contractions in Krebs solution are at least in part due to the depression of membrane excitability, whereas contractions evoked in high K solutions are depressed by cytochalasins due to their effects on cytoskeleton. PMID- 3150475 TI - Effects of CO2 inhalation prior to maximal exercise on physical performance. AB - In the untrained subjects, inhalation of 4.5-6.0% CO2 prior to maximal treadmill exercise does not affect physical performance and maximum oxygen uptake, while blood lactate levels during recovery have a tendency to greater decrease in CO2 breathing than that in the room-air breathing. It was suggested that CO2 inhalation immediately prior to maximal exercise as applied here is not a useful tool in increasing physical performance. PMID- 3150476 TI - Episodic twilight state with severe autonomic symptoms in an epileptic patient. AB - A boy suffering from epileptic seizures experienced five episodes of a twilight state. His twilight states continued for at least two weeks, and were characterized by behavioral disorders and severe autonomic symptoms. Sometimes functional ileus was present. The electroencephalographic finding in the first episode was 6-per-second phantom spike and wave complex (PSW). For treatment, a combination of carbamazepine and sodium valproate was useful in preventing the reappearance of the episode of the twilight state and in suppressing PSW. From the clinical and electroencephalographic findings and therapeutic response to antiepileptics, the episodes were considered to have originated in localized epileptic discharges in the hippocampal, amygdaloidal and hypothalamic regions. PMID- 3150477 TI - Positron emission tomography in three cases of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. AB - The true responsible lesion of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome was not adequately elucidated. Three cases of this syndrome were investigated by using Positron Emission Tomography (PET). PET revealed the differences in the left and right sides, especially the hypometabolism from the frontal to temporal regions. With this finding we supposed that the L-G syndrome implies one type of partial epilepsy caused by damage in parts of the temporal or frontal lobe. PMID- 3150478 TI - Oligoclonal bands staining for IgG, IgA, IgM, and kappa and lambda light chains in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - We investigated the oligoclonal bands (OB) in CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and aseptic meningitis (AS) using polyacryamide or agarose isoelectric focusing following electroblotting and immunostaining for IgG, IgA, IgM and light chains. OB staining for IgG was detected in 80% of patients with MS, 25% with GBS and 13% with AS. OB staining for IgA and IgM was not detected in any disease. In MS, OB were stained only for the kappa or lambda light chains, which was compatible with OB staining for IgG. These results suggest that in MS, OB are monoclonal because they can be stained for gamma heavy chains and for only one light chains. PMID- 3150479 TI - [A case of mediastinal schwannoma originating from the intrathoracic phrenic nerve]. PMID- 3150480 TI - [Adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to buccal epithelial cells]. PMID- 3150481 TI - [Improvement in myocardial perfusion during exercise after nitroglycerin infusion in coronary artery diseases--evaluation by exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy]. PMID- 3150482 TI - [Comparison of growth of mycobacteria in commercially available Dubos Tween- albumin liquid media]. PMID- 3150483 TI - Evaluation of Chagas' disease transmission through breast-feeding. AB - One hundred milk or colostrum samples from 78 mothers with chronic Chagas' disease were parasitologically studied for Trypanosoma cruzi infection by means of direct examination and inoculation of mice. The mice were submitted to direct blood examination three times a week. At the end of 45 days, xenodiagnosis and indirect immunofluorescent test (IFAT) for T. cruzi antibodies were carried out in the animals. No parasitized sample was observed even though five mothers had parasitemia at milk collection. In addition, 97 breast-fed children of chronic chagasic mothers, born free of infection, were tested for IgG antibodies to T. cruzi using IFAT. No case of T. cruzi infection was detected. The authors conclude that breast-feeding should not be avoided for children of chronic chagasic women. However, as these mothers had intermittent parasitemia, they should avoid nursing when there is nipple bleeding. PMID- 3150485 TI - [Properties of a bacterial enzyme preparation hydrolyzing hydropol-200]. PMID- 3150484 TI - [Biochemistry of schistosomiasis mansoni. VII. Lipid changes of lysosomal membranes during the initial phase of liver injury]. AB - Aiming at investigating the changes on the lipidic constitution of hepatic lysosomal membranes at the initial phase of schistosomatic damage, mice have been infected with 30 cercarias and employed for essais in the 30th day of infection. The triacylglycerois decreased from 220 +/- 48 micrograms/mg of total proteins in the control mice, to 165 +/- 22 micrograms/mg in the infected ones. Similarly, the free cholesterol, also decreased from 539 +/- 80 to 396 +/- 54 micrograms/mg; the cholesterol esters from 270 +/- 35 to 216 +/- 36 micrograms/mg and the phosphatidylcholines from 44 +/- 5.7 to 31 +/- 4.9 micrograms/mg. The phosphatidylserines the phosphatidylethanolamines and the sphingomyelins increased, respectively from 58 +/- 9.7 to 60 +/- 8.5, from 72 +/- 7.8 to 111 +/- 15.7 and from 36 +/- 4.9 to 63 +/- 7.1 micrograms/mg. The free fatty acids showed no statistical significance on their variations. They varied from 1.7 +/- 0.25 microEq/g in the controls to 1.8 +/- 0.39 microEq/g in the infected animals. These results indicated that in the initial phase of hepatic schistosomiasis, before the formation of granulomas, important changes on the lipidic constitution of lysosomal membranes can be detected. It seems that they are provoked by the catabolic excreted by immature or adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni present in the portal vein system. PMID- 3150486 TI - [Antagonistic action of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli on human skin microflora]. PMID- 3150487 TI - [Lysogeny of strains of Xanthomonas campestris and their variants]. PMID- 3150488 TI - [Kinetic properties of beta-galactosidase of Escherichia coli]. PMID- 3150489 TI - [Stabilization of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase]. PMID- 3150490 TI - [Variability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1C--a degrader of alkylsulfates]. PMID- 3150491 TI - [The action of hydrogen peroxide produced by Aerococcus viridans on Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis]. PMID- 3150492 TI - [Isolation of a hybrid plasmid coding for the leucine biosynthesis gene (Leu A) of Bacillus subtilis]. PMID- 3150493 TI - [Microbial breakdown of stearox-6 and a study of the genetic determination of the nature of the degradative activity]. PMID- 3150494 TI - [The outlook of research on common cross-reacting and species-specific antigens in bacterial species of the genus Pseudomonas]. PMID- 3150495 TI - [Isolation of influenza virus hemagglutinin by solubilization with the nonionic detergent O-14]. PMID- 3150496 TI - [Body reactions in experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa-staphylococcal associated infections]. PMID- 3150497 TI - [Comparative characteristics of lipopolysaccharides in various strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens]. PMID- 3150498 TI - [The action of low-frequency ultrasound on gram-positive and gram-negative pyogenic microflora in vitro]. PMID- 3150499 TI - [The role of the variability of gonococci in the development of therapeutic prophylactic measures in gonorrhea]. PMID- 3150500 TI - [The monosaccharide composition and serologic characteristics of lipopolysaccharides of nonfluorescent bacteria in the Pseudomonas fluorescens group]. PMID- 3150501 TI - [The core oligosaccharides of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipopolysaccharides]. PMID- 3150502 TI - [Isolation of auxotrophic mutants under the action of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine and UV radiation and the mapping of new loci on the Streptomyces griseus chromosome by protoplast fusion]. PMID- 3150504 TI - [Kinetics of the radial growth of Aspergillus colonies at various temperatures]. PMID- 3150503 TI - [Experimental preventive properties of a complex of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Clostridium tetani anatoxins]. PMID- 3150505 TI - [Tyrosinase activity of meso- and thermophilic micromycetes]. PMID- 3150506 TI - [Taxonomic study of Pseudomonas taetrolens Haynes 1957]. PMID- 3150507 TI - [Electrokinetic properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1C--a degrader of alkylsulfates]. PMID- 3150508 TI - [Chinosol as an anticandidal agent]. PMID- 3150509 TI - [A nutrient medium for the bacteriologic diagnosis of gonorrhea]. PMID- 3150510 TI - [Characteristics of the properties of the extracellular hemolysin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 3150511 TI - [Effect of lyophilization on the biological activity of streptomycetes]. PMID- 3150512 TI - [Effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the biosynthesis of exogenous beta galactosidase by a Penicillium canescens Sopp. culture]. PMID- 3150513 TI - [Morphologo-structural characteristics of the cells of coryneform and nocardiaform bacteria]. PMID- 3150514 TI - [The nonspecific toxigenicity of representatives of the genus Pseudomonas]. PMID- 3150515 TI - [Resistance of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas to hexavalent chromium compounds and the capacity for their reduction]. PMID- 3150516 TI - [Sporulation in the causative agent of anthrax under model soil conditions]. PMID- 3150517 TI - [Cultivation of the producer of alpha-amylase Bacillus subtilis under batch and continuous conditions]. AB - The growth of Bacillus subtilis FU-79 and its production of alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) were studied under the conditions of batch and continuous cultivation in a semisynthetic medium. The enzyme activity fell down abruptly upon a pulse addition of either glucose or yeast extract to the chemostat culture, and remained at a low level for the following ten generations. Apparently, a double limitation of the culture growth (viz., with residual glucose and with yeast extract components) is required for the activity of alpha-amylase to be high. PMID- 3150518 TI - [Stimulating effect of pancreatic DNase on Bacillus subtilis growth as a function of the physiologic properties of the inoculation culture]. AB - The stimulating effect of pancreatic DNAse on Bacillus subtilis growth was studied in relation to the content of "slowly growing" cells in the inoculation culture in the phase of decelerated growth. Three cell fractions of B. subtilis were obtained using the stepwise separation of the population in terms of buoyant density in the phase of decelerated growth. In contrast to fractions II and III, fraction I contained cells with decelerated growth, competent, permeable to exogenous DNAase I, and sensitive to the action of this enzyme. The faster growth of bacterial cells in fraction I was shown to be associated with the shorter lag period of these cells having a longer generation time. PMID- 3150519 TI - [Study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa DC13 stability during biological purification of industrial sewage from alpha-methyl styrene]. AB - The behaviour of a plasmid-carrying Pseudomonas aeruginosa DC13 strain was studied under the conditions of industrial sewage biological purification from alpha-methyl styrene. The expression of the phenotype encoded by plasmid DNA was found to be stable, and the degradation of alpha-methyl styrene was shown to be effective. PMID- 3150520 TI - [The physiologic role of pyocyanine synthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. AB - The physiological role of pyocyanine for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied. Its synthesis was shown to commence at the retardation growth phase. Pyocyanine was accumulated only in the growth medium. The addition of 2,6 dichlorophenolindophenol accepting the reducing equivalents from coenzyme Q and transferring them to cytochrome c inhibited the pigment accumulation. This was indicative of the connection between pyocyanine synthesis and the level of the reducing equivalents in the cells. Pyocyanine did not accept the reducing equivalents from coenzyme Q in the respiratory chain of P. aeruginosa. Only reduced pyridine nucleotides served as substrates for pyocyanine in the reaction of autooxidation. The kinetic parameters of this reaction and the affinity of NADH dehydrogenase for the substrate were measured. The kinetic data were analysed to show that, under the physiological conditions, pyocyanine could not apparently compete with the respiratory chain for the reducing equivalents and hence directly regulate the level of NAD(P)H in P. aeruginosa cells. In order to keep the oxidising activity at a level necessary for the cells, the latter decreased the content of the reducing equivalents either by synthesizing pyocyanine or owing to the activity of cyanide-resistant oxidase. These processes of releasing the reducing equivalents are in a reciprocal relationship. PMID- 3150522 TI - AIDS. Case for diagnosis series, 1988. PMID- 3150521 TI - [Detailed monitoring of valproic acid and phenobarbital in the treatment of epilepsy in children]. AB - 24-hour monitoring of the treatment of three children with refractory epilepsy with valproic acid and phenobarbital was carried out. This made possible a detailed analysis of the variability of valproate level in the serum over 24 hours and no relation was found between the level of the drug and its dose. A rise of phenobarbital level was observed when it was given with valproic acid, and this was associated with a reduction of seizure activity in the EEG. In view of a high variability of the valproate level over 24 hours detailed monitoring refractory cases seems useful and indispensable sometimes. PMID- 3150523 TI - Guidelines for a prisoner of war medical treatment center in a civilian hospital. PMID- 3150524 TI - Facial fracture management at WBAMC trauma unit. PMID- 3150525 TI - Goal abdominal measurements: a method to help male soldiers monitor their progress in the Army Weight Control Program. PMID- 3150526 TI - Isolated duodenal transection from blunt trauma treated by pyloric exclusion and triple-tube technique. PMID- 3150527 TI - Medical care of U.S. military personnel deployed to Honduras. PMID- 3150528 TI - Torsion of an isolated intra-abdominal fat appendage: rare cause of abdominal pain. PMID- 3150529 TI - Combat casualty care training for reserve forces. PMID- 3150530 TI - Editorial counterpoint: medical ethics and military medicine; another perspective. PMID- 3150531 TI - A survey of the effect of the Vietnam Memorial dedication on psychiatric symptoms in Vietnam veterans. PMID- 3150533 TI - Surgical location guide for use with osseointegrating implants. PMID- 3150532 TI - Construction of large cranial implants. PMID- 3150534 TI - Management of gunshot wounds to the perineum. PMID- 3150535 TI - Smoking and physical fitness among Navy shipboard men. PMID- 3150536 TI - Neuromuscular blocking agents. PMID- 3150537 TI - Screening military aircrews for anosmia. PMID- 3150538 TI - Diagnosis of homocystinuria. PMID- 3150539 TI - Recent observations on drugs and human fertility. AB - The transmembrane migration method has permitted quantification of the effect of drugs on human sperm motility. Calcium ionophores and calcium antagonists have paradoxical effects on motility depending on the stage of sperm maturity. Drugs with membrane stabilizing properties inhibit sperm motility. Propranolol, for example, has been shown to have contraceptive activity when administered intra vaginally. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that the systemic availability of vaginally administered propranolol is markedly greater than after oral administration. Seminal fluid concentrations of propranolol after oral administration are similar to those in plasma, but cervicovaginal mucus concentrations are much higher, and residence times much longer. The clinical consequences of these observations await elucidation. PMID- 3150540 TI - [Low molecular weight metabolites produced by various Penicillium species]. AB - Low-molecular weight volatile metabolites produced by Penicillium farinosum, P. citrinum, P. camemberti and P. chrysogenum were investigated. During first 40 days of cultivation the fungi produced mainly C-8 compounds, and later mainly 2 hexenal was synthesized. Addition of 0.1% linoleic acid significantly stimulated the secretion of volatile metabolites. P. citrinum and P. farenosum produced large quantities of geosmin. PMID- 3150541 TI - The refined crystal structure of subtilisin Carlsberg at 2.5 A resolution. AB - We report here the X-ray crystal structure of native subtilisin Carlsberg, solved at 2.5 A resolution by molecular replacement and refined by restrained least squares to a crystallographic residual (Formula see text): of 0.206. we compare this structure to the crystal structure of subtilisin BPN'. We find that, despite 82 amino acid substitutions and one deletion in subtilisin Carlsberg relative to subtilisin BPN', the structures of these enzymes are remarkably similar. We calculate an r.m.s. difference between equivalent alpha-carbon positions in subtilisin Carlsberg and subtilisin BPN' of only 0.55 A. This confirms previous reports of extensive structural homology between these two subtilisins based on X ray crystal structures of the complex of eglin-c with subtilisin Carlsberg [McPhalen, C.A., Schnebli, H.P. and James, M.N.G. (1985) FEBS Lett., 188, 55; Bode, W., Papamokos, E. and Musil, D. (1987) Eur. J. Biochem., 166, 673-692]. In addition, we find that the native active sites of subtilisins Carlsberg and BPN' are virtually identical. While conservative substitutions at residues 217 and 156 may have subtle effects on the environments of substrate-binding sites S1' and S1 respectively, we find no obvious structural correlate for reports that subtilisins Carlsberg and BPN' differ in their recognition of model substrates. In particular, we find no evidence that the hydrophobic binding pocket S1 in subtilisin Carlsberg is 'deeper', 'narrower' or 'less polar' than the corresponding binding site in subtilisin BPN'. PMID- 3150542 TI - Improved peptide function from random mutagenesis over short 'windows'. AB - We have applied random mutagenesis over short contiguous residue tracts ('windows') within an active peptide (the alpha-peptide of beta-galactosidase) such that all window residues are replaced simultaneously. A novel technique using mixed synthetic oligonucleotides and selection against an EcoK restriction site has allowed the construction of libraries of mutants for two separate windows, sites A and B. Mutant phenotypes can be easily assessed in vivo by a complementation test, and panels of mutants have been quantitatively tested in vitro. This allowed the rapid probing of structural requirements for each site. The two windows yielded markedly disparate results. Site B was much less stringent in its sequence requirements for significant function than Site A, and mutants with improved function were isolated at Site B alone. In addition, one Site B mutant with wild-type levels of activity showed enhanced stability to heat or a protein denaturant. We propose that short tracts with the characteristics of Site B constitute 'secondary' interaction sites which are more tolerant of sequence diversity. Random manipulation of such secondary sites is thus more likely to yield upmutations for standard or altered environments. Window mutagenesis can in principle be applied to any protein--protein or protein- ligand interaction. PMID- 3150543 TI - Site-directed mutagenesis to fine-tune enzyme specificity. AB - We have used a combination of a genetic selection and oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis to introduce a series of amino acid replacements for a single residue into Escherichia coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. The mutant enzymes mischarge supF tRNA(Tyr), with glutamine, to varying degrees depending on the polarity of the side chain introduced but apparently not depending on the size or shape of the side chain. These results indicate that repulsive charge-charge interactions may be important for specific recognition of nucleic acids by proteins and illustrate how a mutant, derived from genetic selection, may be further modified in activity by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. PMID- 3150544 TI - A new recombinant procoagulant protein derived from the cDNA encoding human factor VIII. AB - We have constructed new B domain deletion derivatives of human factor VIII (FVIII) by manipulating the cDNA using recombinant DNA techniques. One of these new derivatives, FVIII delta II, in which amino acids 771(pro)-1666(asp) have been deleted, no longer contains the protease cleavage site at amino acid position 1648(arg)-1649(glu) known to be involved in the initial step of FVIII processing. We have expressed this molecule in both baby hamster kidney (BHK) 21 cells using the vaccinia virus (VV) expression system and have established Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) derived permanent cell lines expressing either recombinant (r)FVIII or FVIII delta II. The characteristics of FVIII delta II have been compared to those of rFVIII and/or plasma derived (pd) FVIII. FVIII delta II has the following properties: (i) it exhibits FVIII procoagulant activity; (ii) it is expressed at 5-fold higher levels than is the complete molecule in comparable systems; (iii) it migrates for the most part as a single major band on SDS-PAGE, in contrast to the complete molecule; (iv) it is activated to a greater extent by thrombin than is either rFVIII or pdFVIII; and (v) it retains the ability to bind von Willebrand factor (vWf). PMID- 3150545 TI - Maternal behavior is related to prepartum urinary estradiol levels in red-bellied tamarin monkeys. AB - This is the first study in a primate, the red-bellied tamarin (Saguinus labiatus), to demonstrate a correlation between urinary estradiol during late pregnancy and postpartum infant-directed behavior. Females were defined as good (N = 6) or poor (N = 6) mothers, and were selected so that both groups contained 3 females with and 3 without prepubertal experience with infants. Females with prepubertal experience of infants were defined as good or poor mothers if 2 or less than 2 infants survived one week, respectively; females without such experience were defined as good or poor mothers if at least 1, or 0 infants survived one week, respectively. Five of the six good mothers had 2 surviving infants; 10 of the 13 infants of poor mothers died at day 0. Prepartum urinary total estradiol concentrations were constant in good mothers (5-4 weeks prepartum: 32.29 +/- 3.65 micrograms/mg creatinine; 1 week prepartum: 33.76 +/- 5.02 micrograms/mg CR.; p greater than 0.98), but declined significantly in poor mothers (5-4 weeks prepartum: 38.34 +/- 7.07 micrograms/mg Cr.; 1 week prepartum: 18.35 +/- 4.72 micrograms/mg Cr.; p less than 0.0004). At 1 week prepartum, estradiol was significantly higher in good mothers (p less than 0.03). When analysed separately, only good and poor mothers without prepubertal experience of infants had significantly different urinary estradiol concentrations. In the 2 hour postpartum period, good mothers spent more time lick-cleaning (p less than 0.02), carrying and nursing infants; poor mothers rubbed off clinging infants more, their infants spent less time being carried (p less than 0.03), and apparently starved because they had no opportunity to suckle. PMID- 3150546 TI - Sugars on cell surfaces--lectins as detector molecules. PMID- 3150547 TI - Lectin cytochemistry in scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 3150548 TI - Light and electron microscopic lectin histochemistry using fluorochromes and ferritin as labels. PMID- 3150549 TI - Light and electron microscopical detection of sugar residues in tissue sections by gold labeled lectins and glycoproteins. II. Applications in the study of the topology of Golgi apparatus glycosylation steps and the regional distribution of lectin binding sites in the plasma membrane. PMID- 3150550 TI - A lectin-like receptor on rat macrophage membranes: colloidal gold probes for detection, localization and description of biological function. PMID- 3150551 TI - [Histocytochemistry of lectin binding sites on epididymal sperm]. PMID- 3150552 TI - Exogenous enzymatic modulation of lectin binding sites in human tissue. Development of hemolysis in hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) considering alteration of the glycocalyx in the erythrocyte membrane. AB - FITC-labelled lectins (DBA, PNA, RCAI, UEAI) with different carbohydrate specificity were used to look for possible alterations of the glycocalyx of erythrocyte membrane in patients with hemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS; n = 34) in comparison with controls (n = 66). These investigations revealed that patients with the blood group A, B and O possess a significantly higher amount of sialic acid covered binding sites for PNA (p less than 0.05) on the membrane of red blood cells than controls, as measured by quantitative fluorescence microscopy. This significant difference was additionally found for sialic acid substituted RCAI binding sites on B erythrocytes (p less than 0.05). Without pretreatment of red blood cells with neuraminidase a significant difference between HUS patients and controls was observed for PNA on A, for RCAI on O and for UEAI on A erythrocytes. The measured values are influenced by contamination of red blood cells with serum glycoproteins as could be assessed by the lower values on washed erythrocytes. As a whole the results indicate that the composition of the glycocalyx in red blood cells of HUS patients seems to be altered and that the pathogenesis of this syndrome is additionally influenced by serum factors. With the exception of UEAI that possesses a significant higher amount of binding sites on washed erythrocytes of blood group O the other lectins used are not suitable for the demonstration of blood group specificity. PMID- 3150553 TI - Endogenous as well as exogenous hormonal modulation of lectin binding sites in normal and neoplastic tissue of rat mammary gland. AB - Free and sialic acid conjugated binding sites for the lectin from Arachis hypogaea (peanut agglutinin, PNA) have been histochemically demonstrated in normal rat mammary tissue and in N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU) induced mammary tumors of rats. The lectin binding sites were predominantly associated with secretory activities of the normal and neoplastic breast tissue (secretory PNA binding sites). In normal breast tissue and in NMU induced mammary tumors the expression of secretory PNA binding sites was reduced after ovariectomy and by the antiestrogen tamoxifen. Estrogen stimulated the formation of free and sialic acid conjugated PNA binding sites in the presence of prolactin. In rat mammary tumors the estrogen induced formation of PNA binding sites was accompanied by an increase of the progesterone receptor concentration in the tumors. Comparative lectinhistochemical, morphological, and biochemical studies on NMU induced rat mammary tumors revealed that the expression of secretory PNA binding sites was associated with a good histologic differentiation and the presence of steroidhormone receptors. Endocrine therapeutic studies showed that tumors responding to therapy possessed higher amounts of secretory PNA binding sites than unresponsive tumors. Therefore secretory PNA binding sites represent a useful histochemical marker for hormone dependence in NMU induced mammary tumors. PMID- 3150554 TI - Detection and characterization of glycoconjugates in normal and malignant tissues by lectins. AB - Labelled lectins were used for the histochemical distinction of glycolipids with various terminal hexoses in different storage diseases as well as for the demonstration of differences in the composition of cell surface and intercellular glycoproteins in tissues at various stages of differentiation, in malignancy and in functional subsets of cells. Thereby the detection of some glycoproteins (i.e. in primary sensory neurones, in parietal cells or in polymorphonuclear leukocytes), which were invisible by formerly used methods, was also possible. In malignant tissues lectin binding was either altered or the intracellular localization of the lectin binding sites was changed. These differences did not represent tumour specific markers, rather they were found to reflect glycoprotein structures characteristic for an activated functional state or for an earlier grade of differentiation. Some of such glycoproteins were isolated by lectin affinity chromatography and their structures were further analysed by means of biochemical methods. In malignancy a reduced molecular weight and changes in the monosaccharide composition of surface or intracellular glycoproteins were found to be the main differences. Antibodies produced against the lectin affinity isolated glycoproteins allowed the demonstration of structural relationship of glycoproteins with identical or diverse lectin binding pattern. They proved to be also useful for diagnostic purposes, especially for the differential diagnosis of anaplastic tumours. PMID- 3150555 TI - Biological and clinical implications of tumor lectins: present status and future prospects. PMID- 3150556 TI - Biochemical characterization of a tumor-associated vertebrate lectin, recognized by activated macrophages. AB - Activated macrophages, that display alpha-linked galactopyranosyl residues on their surface, and affinity adsorbents prepared by the covalent coupling of galactopyranoside to agarose, both adsorb two polypeptides from detergent extracts of all tumor cell lines tested. The larger polypeptide, Mr 100,000 is a cell surface component as judged by its availability to lactoperoxidase catalysed cell surface iodination. This polypeptide was found to be non-covalently associated with a smaller polypeptide, Mr 60,000, present on the inner face of the plasma membrane. Molecules with identical molecular sizes were also found to adsorb to activated macrophages from detergent extracts of chicken embryo cell membranes, suggesting an oncofetal nature for these proteins. Activated macrophages, and affinity adsorbents prepared by the covalent coupling of galactopyranoside to agarose, also bind the plant lectin, isolectin B4, prepared from the seeds of Griffonia simplicifolia. Based on these findings, we put forth the hypothesis that macromolecules of the same specificity, that is affinity to galactopyranosyl residues, must show homologies in their binding sites. We have predicted, therefore, that antisera prepared against the plant lectin, GSI-B4(1), should cross-react with galactopyranosyl-binding vertebrate lectins present on the surface of tumor cells. We were able to generate a number of hybridomas that produce antibodies reactive with both the plant and vertebrate lectins. Inhibition experiments, employing various mono- and disaccharides, suggest that the specificities of these antibodies are for determinants intimately associated with the galactosyl binding site on the lectin molecule. These antibodies were found to have moderate selectivity for tumor cells when tested in an immunohistochemical procedure using fresh-frozen or paraffin embedded sections of human biopsy material.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3150557 TI - Purification of murine hemopoietic stem cells and committed progenitors by fluorescence activated cell sorting using wheat germ agglutinin and monoclonal antibodies. AB - Two procedures to purify and separate pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (PHSC) and committed progenitor cells from mouse bone marrow cells, and a three colour stem cell staining procedure are described. Visser et al., (J. Exp. Med. 59, 1576 1590, 1984) described the purification of PHSC by metrizamide density gradient centrifugation followed by wheat germ agglutinin-FITC (WGA-FITC) and light scatter sorting using a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). The light density, WGA-positive, high forward (FLS) and low perpendicular light scatter (PLS) blast cells, after removal of the lectin from the sorted cells by the competing sugar, are restained with biotinylated anti-H-2K plus avidin-FITC. The H-2K positive cells proved to be pure pluripotent stem cells. Bauman et al. (J. Cell. Physiol. 128, 133-142, 1986) started by sorting the 6% most positive fluorescent cells with low PLS and high FLS from WGA-FITC stained normal bone marrow. After lectin removal the sorted cells are restained with anti-GM-1.2. Sorted, GM-1.2 negative cells are almost exclusively PHSC plus committed colony forming cells. A three colour staining procedure was designed to measure stem cells in bone marrow samples by flow cytometry. Cells are simultaneously stained with anti-H-2K-biotin plus avidin-phycoerythrin, a rat monoclonal antibody detecting a cell surface antigen plus goat anti rat Ig-FITC and 1-butyryl-pyrene WGA. Analysis and sorting on the two laser Rijswijk Experimental Light-Activated Cell Sorter (RELACS II) using selected windows indicated that these windows contained high frequencies of PHSC. This multicolour analysis and sorting therefore is equivalent to the multistep sorting procedures. PMID- 3150558 TI - Lectinhistochemical observations on the bronchial glands and the goblet cells of the airway epithelium of marine diving mammals. AB - Carbohydrate components were investigated in the bronchial glands and goblet cells of two species of seals with different diving habits (Weddell seal, Crabeater seal). Bouin-fixed tissue was incubated with various fluorescein-iso thiocyanate-conjugated lectins (WGA, RCA I, PNA, PHA I, HPA, GSA I, DBA, Con A, LFA, SBA, UEA I), additionally PAS- and HID-reactions as well as Alcian Blue stains were applied. The two species differ in respect of their carbohydrate histochemistry, e.g., the PAS reaction gives only a faint stain at the apical membrane in the bronchial glands of the Weddell seal, whereas in the Crabeater seal several cells give a positive reaction in the entire cytoplasm; or RCA I has only few binding sites at the apical membranes of the bronchial glandular cells of the Weddell seal whereas many cells of Crabeater bronchial glands react strongly positive. It is concluded that the secretory products of the bronchial glands of the long- and deep-diving Weddell seal are relatively poor in mucins, which is in contrast to other mammals studied so far. PMID- 3150559 TI - Light microscopic quantitative investigation on the effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the lectin binding pattern in rat gastric mucosa injured by ethanol or sodium taurocholate. AB - We have used quantitative lectin histochemistry to study the cellular binding of peanut agglutinin (PNA) and soybean agglutinin (SBA) at the rat gastric corpus mucosa that has been injured experimentally by either ethanol or sodium taurocholate and was protected by pretreatment of a cytoprotective dosage of the natural prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The investigation was carried out in order to get access to possible differences in the amounts of intracellular secretory glycoproteins, associated with the prostaglandin-administration. The stomachs of rats injured by either ethanol or taurocholate revealed significantly reduced intramucosal amounts of glycoproteins with specific affinity for PNA and SBA, whereas in the stomachs of rats equally injured by the necrotizing agents, but pretreated by prostaglandin E2, the amounts of these glycoproteins remained close to the data observed in the control animals. These results give raise to two possible explanations: a) the decrease in the amounts of intramucosal glycoproteins might be due to a shedding of epithelial cells, the extent of which would then be less high in the prostaglandin treated stomachs. b) A second concept would imply influences on the glycoprotein metabolism, suggesting opposite traffics to be induced by the necrotizing agents than by the protective ones. Taken at their face value, our findings make it very likely that i) although prostaglandin-cytoprotectian did occur, this was not associated with a complete prevention from superficial cell loss at the rat gastric corpus mucosa and ii) the cytoprotective effect of prostaglandins might be mediated by influences on the intracellular glycoprotein metabolism, a process which could favour the defensive anti-ulcerogenic factors of the gastric mucosa. PMID- 3150560 TI - Histochemical demonstration of lectin binding sites in neuroendocrine tumors. PMID- 3150561 TI - Use of lectin-immunohistochemistry in joint diseases. AB - The lectin binding pattern of the inflamed synovial tissue of patients with OA (osteoarthritis) and RA (rheumatoid arthritis) were examined with 18 different lectins. The synovial lining cells are heavily stained by PHA-L, WGA, PNA, Con A, MPA and RCA. In the subsynovial layer, WGA, PHA-L and RCA were found to be fairly good monocytic markers. The lectin binding pattern of the lectins under study, however, failed to discriminate between patients with OA and RA. PMID- 3150562 TI - Erythrocyte membrane alteration and IgG receptor expression. PMID- 3150563 TI - Highly glycosylated domains are present at the membrane of the transmost element of the Golgi apparatus in rabbit luteal cells. PMID- 3150564 TI - [Cytochemistry of beta-glucuronidase in the rat liver: an example of genetic variation due to inbreeding]. PMID- 3150565 TI - [Cytophotometric determination of the distribution of alcohol dehydrogenase in the rat liver]. PMID- 3150566 TI - The fate of cerebellar allotransplants as determined with histochemical methods. AB - Allotransplants of cerebellar cell suspensions from neonate 1 day old rabbits into litter mates showed the survival of granule cells. No Purkinje cells survived this treatment. The transplanted granule cells kept their ability to express the Stage Specific Embryonic Antigen, indicating their recovery from the dissociation procedure and their positive selection of one cell type from the cell suspensions. PMID- 3150567 TI - The synthesis of peptides in enteroendocrine cells developing in explanted presumptive endoderm. AB - Peptide immunoreactivity was studied in grafts of endoderm from chick or quail embryos (19 hours, corresponding to stage 4- to 5 according to Hamburger and Hamilton) in the coelom of a 48 hour host embryo. The presence of gastrin, glucagon, cholecystokinin, VIP, substance P, somatostatin, bombesin, motilin, secretin, pancreatic polypeptide, neurotensin and insulin was demonstrated. The nature of the peptide(s) generally matched the regional differentiation of the enteric epithelium and the underlying mesodermal components. The findings are compatible with the concept of heterogeneity of the endoderm due to migration of epiblast derived cells. PMID- 3150568 TI - Intraneuronal dopamine in the primate substantia nigra. AB - The substantia nigra (SN) area compacta (AC) of primates was studied at various microscopic levels following treatment for the histo/cytochemical localization of dopamine (DA) in an effort to establish the intraneuronal loci of DA in neuron cell bodies. The method utilizes treatment of brain tissue slices in 4% glutaraldehyde in F12 buffer (pH 7.2) followed by 3% K2Cr2O7 (DC) in F12 buffer at pH 4.1. In this manner the glutaraldehyde (Glut)-DA product selectively reacts with DC to deposit chromium (Cr) at DA loci resulting in light and electron microscopic identification of DA in the perikarya of the AC. This selective technique has been analytically confirmed by in vitro model systems. The Cr accumulation within the tissues produces electron densities seen with the ordinary electron microscope whether viewed stained or unstained or with or without OsO4; however, the reactive areas are better studied without additional contrast chemicals. Examination of the densities with an energy dispersive x-ray analytical system (EDS) presents significant Cr readings and the degree of density can be correlated with the height of the Cr peak. Non-dense areas show either no Cr counts of only low background Cr values. Endogenous elements with higher than background values identified along with the exogenous Cr are chlorine (Cl) and sulfur (S) and phosphorous (P). Only particular neurons of the AC possess the Cr positive DA reactivity. It is apparent that the Cr positive organelles differ structurally from organelles in non-DA neurons. There appear to be DA organelles specific to particular SN neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3150569 TI - Modulation of melanocytes during experimentally induced endolymphatic hydrops. AB - The presence of melanocytes is required for inner ear function. The relationship between melanocytes and inner ear function is not yet known in detail. Melanin scavenges Ca++. The alterated Ca++-homeostasis by experimentally induced endolymphatic hydrops (animal model for Meniere's disease) stimulates the melanocytes to motion which results in dispersion of melanosomes and/or dislocation towards areas of transmembrane ion/fluid transport, e.g. secretory cells or capillaries. The intracellular increase of Ca++ initiates formation of membrane invaginations and vesicles seen frequently on the side facing capillary and occasionally in the neighborhood of basal infoldings of the epithelial cells. These findings suggest an active exchange of ions and/or compounds between the melanocytes and endothelial and/or epithelial cells enhanced by pathological conditions. Finally, an increase of Ca (or Ca-associated mechanism) enhances the melanogenesis in the melanocytes. PMID- 3150570 TI - Double immunohistochemical demonstration of antigen expression and DNA incorporated 5-bromodeoxyuridine in frozen and plastic embedded sections. AB - In this study a double immunohistochemical staining procedure is described for the simultaneous visualization of antigen expressing cells and replicating cells. Cell surface antigen expression was marked with a monoclonal antibody against I a (His 19) or a monoclonal antibody against a membrane component of the cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage (ED2). Replicating cells were detected by the incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine. The method was applied sequentially. On frozen sections two peroxidase labeled reagents were used with two different substrates yielding a red and a dark-blue black reaction product. On plastic embedded sections a peroxidase and an alkaline phosphatase labeled reagent were applied resulting in a brown and a blue reaction product. PMID- 3150571 TI - Enzyme cytochemistry for the risk assessment of drug administration during pregnancy with special reference to proteases. PMID- 3150572 TI - Extraction of proteins within ultrathin-layer polyacrylamide electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) and isoelectric focusing (PAGIF) of cryostat sections and tissue culture specimens. AB - Separations on a micro- and ultramicroscale by electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing of protein quantities between 10(-6) and 10(-12) g have notable interest, particularly in cytology and histology. We performed the methods of ultrathin-layer polyacrylamide horizontal electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and protein mapping with some modifications in order to study protein extraction and applied them for cryostat sectioned muscle tissues and singular dorsal root ganglia of the chicken in tissue culture. Further we established an extraction chamber for histological specimens. The basis for ultrathin-layer electrophoresis is the ultrathin (0.12 mm-0.36 mm) polyacrylamide gel on glass plates or microscopic slides. This method allows a considerable reduction of the amount of proteins at the range of 10(-9) g and is thus appropriate for direct extraction of proteins within electrophoresis (10 min, 5 mA 200 V) or isoelectric focusing (10 min, 10 mA, 500 V) of cryostat-sections (7-20 micron thickness) or tissue culture specimens. The advantages of these techniques for extraction of soluble proteins in immunohistochemistry as well as for handling to obtain optimal resolution (compared with electrophoresis of conventional extracted proteins) will be demonstrated. PMID- 3150573 TI - [Lipid domains in the plasma membrane of rabbit uterine epithelium from the time of ovum implantation. A freeze fracture-cytochemical study]. PMID- 3150574 TI - Endogenous glycoconjugates and their binding sites in the cerebral microvasculature. PMID- 3150575 TI - Comparative lectin histochemical investigation of the taste buds of different vertebrates. PMID- 3150576 TI - Electron microscopic demonstration of carbohydrates and lipoteichoic acid in cell envelopes of streptococci by lectins labelled with ferritin or gold. PMID- 3150577 TI - Acid phosphatase activity in the endometrium of aged rats--a cytochemical study. PMID- 3150578 TI - Histochemical patterns of some enzymes in the Leydig cells of infertile patients. PMID- 3150579 TI - Determination of the growth fraction by means of immunostainings with monoclonal antibody Ki-67. PMID- 3150580 TI - Chemistry and biology of cell surface glycoconjugates. PMID- 3150581 TI - Light and electron microscopical detection of sugar residues in tissue sections by gold labeled lectins and glycoproteins. I. Methodological aspects. PMID- 3150582 TI - Radioautographic and cytochemical studies on the synthesis and intracellular transport of glycoproteins. AB - SUBCOMPARTMENTALIZATION OF GOLGI APPARATUS. There is much evidence that the Golgi apparatus may consist of various subcompartments which differ from one another in morphology, biochemical content and function. These subcompartments do not always have the same properties in different cell types, however, and may change properties in one cell type at different times. Important glycosyltransferases are distributed throughout the Golgi stack in some cell types, indicating that subcompartmentalization is not essential for the process of glycosylation in this organelle. PRESENCE OF GLYCOPROTEINS OUTSIDE OF THE SECRETORY-ENDOCYTIC PATHWAY. Preliminary biochemical, cytochemical and radioautographic evidence indicates that glycoproteins may exist outside of the secretory-endocytic pathway. The presence of radioautographic reaction over the nucleoplasm of Schwann and satellite cells as early as 5 minutes after 3H-fucose administration suggest either that fucosylated glycoproteins must migrate very rapidly to this location or that fucosylation occurs within the nucleoplasm itself. PMID- 3150583 TI - TRH: behavioral and endocrine effects in man. AB - 1. The tripeptide TRH exerts a spectrum of biological activities in both animals and man. Some of these activities have been extensively studied, particularly in psychiatric patients. 2. Behaviorally, TRH appears to increase the sense of well being, motivation, relaxation, and coping capacity in both normal subjects and patients with psychiatric and neurologic disease. These effects are not disease specific; attempts to use TRH as a treatment tool have thus been disappointing. 3. Endocrinologically, administration of TRH stimulates the response of TSH; this response has been reported to be blunted in approximately 30% of patients with major depression. However, TSH blunting is not specific for depression, it has also been observed in a variety of other psychiatric conditions. 4. The relevance of these effects for psychiatry in general, and for psychoneuroendocrinology especially, is discussed in this review. PMID- 3150584 TI - [Biology of chemoautotrophs]. PMID- 3150585 TI - Esophageal pseudodiverticulum following high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation for esophageal cancer. AB - Ninety-two patients with esophageal carcinoma were treated with combination therapy of external irradiation and high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation. Four of the 92 patients developed esophageal pseudodiverticulum after radiotherapy. Histologically, all four patients showed squamous cell carcinoma before radiotherapy and were locally controlled by the combination therapy. In three of the four cases, pseudodiverticulum was found over one year after radiotherapy. In two of these three cases, pseudodiverticulum correlated with balloon dilatation performed for benign stricture. The pseudodiverticulum of the other case was found at the end of radiotherapy and was thought to be a traction diverticulum. None of the four patients developed a fistula. As of this writing, one of them has been alive and well for 50 months since the initiation of radio therapy. Two of the other three died due to metastasis 18 months and 27 months later. The last one died due to intercurrent disease 39 months later. PMID- 3150586 TI - Postoperative adjuvant irradiation of rectal and rectosigmoid cancer. AB - Local recurrence is a major problem for approximately 40% of stage B and C rectal cancer patients following successful complete resection by either anterior (AR) or abdominoperineal resection (APR). We retrospectively analyzed the sites of local recurrence in 138 patients following curative surgery, and evaluated the effect of 5,000 rad adjuvant postoperative pelvic EXRT in reducing the incidence of local recurrence in 40 patients. PMID- 3150587 TI - Dipetalogaster maxima or D. maximus as a xenodiagnostic agent. PMID- 3150588 TI - [Behavior of Schistosoma mansoni strain LE, after passage through an accidentally infected human host]. PMID- 3150589 TI - [Control of transmission of Chagas disease in Mambai-Goias, Brazil (1982-1984)]. PMID- 3150590 TI - [Characteristics of cells parasitized with Trypanosoma cruzi in the walls of the central vein of the suprarenal glands of chronic chagasic patients]. PMID- 3150591 TI - [Hematogenic placentitis in chagasic mothers]. PMID- 3150592 TI - [Low effectiveness of an oxamniquine and praziquantel combination in the therapy of schistosomiasis mansoni]. PMID- 3150593 TI - [Post-mortem artificial xenodiagnosis in chronic chagasic patients]. PMID- 3150594 TI - The importance of consanguinity in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis in some endemic areas. PMID- 3150595 TI - [Necroscopic study of a case of chronic form of Chagas disease with electrocardiogram and x-rays of normal thorax. Special reference to the excito conductor system of the heart]. PMID- 3150597 TI - [Dogs as experimental models for the study of the natural course of Chagas disease]. PMID- 3150596 TI - [Treatment of prolongued septicemic enterobacteriosis with praziquantel]. PMID- 3150598 TI - [Ineffectiveness of allopurinol in patients in the acute phase of Chagas disease]. PMID- 3150599 TI - [A case of von Recklinghausen's disease with pulmonary fibrosis and multiple emphysematous pulmonary bullae]. PMID- 3150600 TI - [Amphoteric ion intermediates in the pyrazine series. The action of phenacyl bromide on pyrazine]. PMID- 3150601 TI - [Mucoviscidosis (cystic fibrosis)]. PMID- 3150602 TI - [Renal tubular acidosis]. PMID- 3150603 TI - [Acute and chronic respiratory diseases in infants and children. The criteria of the diagnostic picture and the criteria of severity]. PMID- 3150605 TI - [The optimum protein ration for premature infants]. PMID- 3150604 TI - [Clinico-evolutive aspects in acute severe bronchiolitis in children (a study of 127 cases)]. PMID- 3150606 TI - [Bone malformations associated with deletion of the long arm of chromosome X]. PMID- 3150607 TI - [Treatment of enuresis by epidural infiltration of distilled water. The clinico statistical and therapeutic considerations of a series of 48 treated cases]. PMID- 3150608 TI - [Post-transfusion Chagas' disease]. PMID- 3150609 TI - [Experimental study on the transmission of Chagas' disease by milk]. PMID- 3150611 TI - [The exocrine pancreas and Chagas' disease]. PMID- 3150612 TI - [Eventual serologic conversion due to intradermal reaction, in schistosomiasis mansoni]. PMID- 3150613 TI - Studies in search of a suitable experimental insect model for xenodiagnosis of hosts with Chagas' disease. 3--On the interaction of vector species and parasite strain in the reaction of bugs to infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 3150610 TI - [In vitro xenodiagnosis. II. Comparison with in vivo xenodiagnosis]. PMID- 3150614 TI - [The 1st indigenous case of South American trypanosomiasis in the State of Acre (Brazil) and its correlation with the strains isolated from human cases and from wild triatomines in the area]. PMID- 3150615 TI - The epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis mansoni where Biomphalaria tenagophila is the snail host. PMID- 3150616 TI - Norfloxacin in the treatment of gonorrhea due to penicillinase and non penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrheae: a review. AB - In 12 recent clinical studies, norfloxacin given in various dosage regimens was shown to be highly effective in treating 1,588 gonococcal infections in 1,486 patients. A single oral dose of norfloxacin 800 mg cured 99.2% of 783 patients with penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrheae (PPNG) and non penicillinase producing N. gonorrheae (NPPNG) causing urethritis, cervicitis and anorectal infections. A single oral dose of 800 mg of norfloxacin was found to be an effective alternative to a 2 g intramuscular dose of spectinomycin and superior to a 2.5 g oral dose of thiamphenicol for the treatment of PPNG urethritis or cervicitis. Its efficacy in treatment of NPPNG infections was shown to be similar to that of a single oral dose of 3.5 g of ampicillin plus 1 g of probenecid. Mild and transient gastrointestinal and neurological adverse events occurred in 3.3% of patients treated with norfloxacin 800 mg. Norfloxacin 800 mg as a single dose is recommended as an effective and safe single-dose treatment of urethritis, cervicitis and anorectal infections caused by PPNG or NPPNG. PMID- 3150617 TI - [Viruses and plasmids in the environment. Elimination, release, biotechnology]. PMID- 3150618 TI - [The inactivation of viruses in water and disinfection]. PMID- 3150619 TI - [The Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus as a eukaryotic vector system]. PMID- 3150621 TI - [Questions of the safety of setting viruses and plasmids free]. PMID- 3150620 TI - [Viruses in fluid and solid manure and in waste water from abattoirs]. PMID- 3150622 TI - [The elimination of viruses in the setting of waste water clarification, in progressive waste water purification and in natural areas near purification plants]. PMID- 3150623 TI - The transmission of virus disease by the marine environment. AB - Human enteric viruses in urban wastewater often flow into the marine environment through outfall sewers which can cause pollution of adjacent beaches used for bathing and of areas where fish and seafood grow and are harvested for human consumption. This paper will deal with the survival and dispersion of human enteric viruses in the marine environment and the risks to human health resulting from direct contact recreational activities such as bathing and/or the consumption of seafood, particularly mollusks which can concentrate viruses in the seawater and infect humans who eat such sea products raw or only partially cooked. PMID- 3150624 TI - Specific labeling of the steroid-binding site of sex steroid-binding protein of human plasma. PMID- 3150625 TI - Estradiol-binding molecules in the liver of the water frog Rana esculenta, during the reproductive cycle. PMID- 3150626 TI - Existence and biochemical analysis of estradiol binding protein (E2BP) in normal menstrual cycle. PMID- 3150627 TI - Does endogenous sex hormone binding globulin influence the contraceptive effect of levonorgestrel? AB - On the basis of four previous clinical studies a direct relationship of the contraceptive effect of levonorgestrel expressed as a suppression of ovarian function) to individual levels of sex hormone binding globulin may be assumed. The rationale of this dependence seems to be the protection against metabolic degradation which is provided by sex hormone globulin to levonorgestrel. PMID- 3150628 TI - "Free levonorgestrel index" (FLI) is a better parameter than plasma level of levonorgestrel for predicting risk of pregnancy during use of subdermal contraceptive implants releasing levonorgestrel. PMID- 3150629 TI - Effects of benzodiazepines on thymus cell proliferation. AB - The effects of three different benzodiazepine receptor ligands viz: diazepam, Ro 5-4864, and Ro 15-1788 on the mitotic activity of rat thymus were investigated. It was found that a single injection of diazepam resulted in a significant increase of the mitotic activity of the thymus cells 36 and 48 hours after drug administration. In contrast, Ro 5-4864 significantly depressed the mitotic activity rate 24 and 36 hours after injection. No significant change after the administration of Ro 15-1788 was found. These findings suggest the involvement of both central and peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in the control of thymus cell proliferation. PMID- 3150632 TI - [Postoperative care of the coronary patient]. PMID- 3150630 TI - Effect of thymic extract 'thymostimulin' on the incidence of infections and myelotoxicity during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. AB - A clinical trial was made to evaluate the effectiveness of thymostimulin (TST), a bovine thymic extract, in preventing infections in breast cancer patients treated with polychemotherapy. Fifty-one women treated with adjuvant CMF were randomly divided into two groups: 25 patients received TST plus chemotherapy and 26 patients were subjected to chemotherapy only. Periodic clinical and laboratory checks were performed for at least three months to monitor the occurrence of infections and variations in immunological parameters. Infections (mostly cystitis, conjunctivitis and stomatomucositis) were observed in 37% of the TST treated patients and in 77% of the controls. (p less than 0.005). Serum immunoglobulin concentrations in the two groups were not significantly different, while quantitative analysis of peripheral T lymphocyte subsets showed a higher incidence of decreased T4/T8 ratio in the control group (p = 0.055). Finally, there was a significantly lower incidence of myelotoxicity in the TST treated patients (p less than 0.0005). In conclusion, thymostimulin seems effective in preventing some of the commonest side effects of cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 3150633 TI - [Left scapulohumeral periarthritis associated with coronary disease]. PMID- 3150631 TI - Immunoglobulin-producing cells in the human thymus. AB - Ninety-nine human thymuses were examined by the immunoperoxidase technique to determine the number and distribution of cells containing cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (Ig). Such cells were found in greatest concentration in the medulla and least in the collagenous interlobular septa with intermediate concentrations in the cortex and paraseptal region. In the adult, IgG is detected most frequently with lesser amounts of IgA, and IgM least commonly. In the fetus, significant numbers of immunoglobulin-containing cells are present with a similar distribution to that seen in the adult and with IgG predominating. However IgM is demonstrated more frequently than IgA. There is a tendency for the number of Ig containing cells to rise after birth and to continue into early adult life. Few are seen after the age of 20. There is also a tendency for the numbers to rise during the process of involution but few are seen in completely involuted thymuses. No IgD is demonstrated and IgE is present only on the surface of mast cells. Lambda light chain is present in greater quantities than kappa light chain. Although Ig-containing cells represent only a minor population, their presence must be taken into account when considering the function of the thymus and the mechanism of involution. PMID- 3150634 TI - [Patient rehabilitation after an acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3150635 TI - [The role of paramedical personnel in integrating the former heart patient into family and society]. PMID- 3150636 TI - Diabetic ketoacidosis following pentamidine therapy in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 3150637 TI - [Clinical pharmacology of flecainide]. PMID- 3150639 TI - [Value of cell purification technics for the transplantation of endocrine pancreas tissue in diabetes]. PMID- 3150638 TI - Transplantation of cryopreserved human pancreatic islets into diabetic nude mice. PMID- 3150640 TI - Maternal and fetal serum levels of organochlorine compounds in cases of premature rupture of membranes. AB - Blood residue levels of some organochlorine pesticides (DDT and its analogues, lindane, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide) and polychlorinated biphenyls were measured in maternal and cord blood in 20 cases of premature rupture of fetal membranes at term and in 15 matched controls. No evidence of a possible organochlorine compounds role in the pathogenesis of premature rupture of the membrane was found. PMID- 3150641 TI - Intravascular fetal blood transfusion under ultrasonic guidance in a case of severe Rh isoimmunization. AB - A severely Rh-affected fetus with an initial hematocrit value of 7% and a hemoglobin value of 2.3 g/dl was transfused three times by the intravascular route into the umbilical cord under ultrasonic guidance. After the second transfusion, fetal movements recurred and the non-stress test became reactive. Neonatal outcome was favorable. The implications of this procedure are discussed. PMID- 3150642 TI - Fracture of an ossification of the tendo calcaneus. PMID- 3150644 TI - Localization of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) mRNA in the grey monkey locus coeruleus and adrenal medulla. PMID- 3150643 TI - Temperature-dependence of rod photoresponses from the aspartate-treated retina of the frog (Rana temporaria). AB - The effects of temperature changes on rod photoresponses were studied by recording the aspartate-isolated mass receptor potential in the dark-adapted retina of the frog Rana temporaria. The amplitude of saturating responses, indicating the magnitude of the dark current, increased linearly with temperature in the measured range 6-26 degrees C, extrapolating to zero dark current at 0 degrees C. Sensitivity was maximal around 18 degrees C but the decrease towards lower temperatures was shallow. The results show that rod phototransduction in the frog Rana temporaria is adapted to lower temperatures than in the tropical toad Bufo marinus. Responses to dim flashes were, approximately up to peak, well fitted by the same 'independent activation' model with four delay stages as have been found to best describe current responses from single toad rods. The kinetics (reciprocal time-to-peak) showed Arrhenius-type temperature-dependence with apparent activation energy 12.4 kcal mol-1 and Q10 = 2.1. PMID- 3150645 TI - Differential antiproliferative activities of IFNs alpha, beta and gamma: kinetics of establishment of their antiproliferative effects and the rapid development of resistance to IFNs alpha and beta. AB - Interferons have been recognized to have potent in vitro antiproliferative activities in mouse and human systems. To further investigate the kinetics of development of interferons' antiproliferative activities, mouse B-16 melanoma cells were treated with MuIFN-alpha, MuIFN-beta or MuIFN-gamma for various initial periods of time during an 8 day cloning assay. With MuIFN-alpha and MuIFN beta treatments, maximal expression of antiproliferative activity was attained with 2 to 4 days of interferon treatment. In contrast, with MuIFN-gamma treatment, expression of antiproliferative activity increased with progressively longer periods of time of MuIFN-gamma treatment. These results suggested that B 16 melanoma cells were initially sensitive to all three of the interferons but rapidly became resistant to MuIFN-alpha and MuIFN-beta after 2 to 4 days of treatment. This suggestion was confirmed by cell growth kinetics experiments. The cells which were resistant to the antiproliferative activity of the MuIFN-alpha remained sensitive to the antiviral activity of MuIFN-alpha, suggesting that MuIFN-alpha and MuIFN-beta regulate their antiviral and antiproliferative responses via different mechanisms. The cells which were resistant to the antiproliferative activities of MuIFN-alpha and MuIFN-beta remained sensitive to MuIFN-gamma, suggesting that they were not generally resistant to antiproliferative effects. The cells which were resistant to the antiproliferative activities of the interferons gradually lost their resistance with a half-life of 11 days when they were cultured in the absence of interferons. The differential antiproliferative actions of alpha, beta and gamma interferons observed with murine B-16 melanoma were confirmed in the human system with G-361 melanoma cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3150646 TI - Association of interferon-gamma induced growth inhibition and modulation of epidermal growth factor receptor gene expression in squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. AB - Interferons (IFN) possess the ability to inhibit proliferation of certain transformed cell lines. Down modulation of the abnormal expression of certain oncogenes by IFN has been associated with phenotypic reversion of src, myc, or ras transformed cells. It has already been shown that some squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa) cell lines express elevated levels of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Previously, in A431, an SCCa cell line, it was shown that IFN-gamma-induced growth inhibition was associated with both enhanced expression of EGFR and terminal differentiation. This study examines the effect of IFN-beta or IFN-gamma on five additional cervical SCCa cell lines. One cell line was shown to have amplification of the EGFR gene. An IFN-gamma induced antiproliferative response, observed in four of the five cell lines, was associated with increased expression of EGFR mRNA and induction of the IFN-inducible genes, HLA-A3 class I antigen and 2-5 oligoadenylate synthetase. These data suggest that the increased expression of the EGFR gene in a particular SCCa may predict response to IFN gamma. PMID- 3150647 TI - Immobilized photosynthetic membranes and cells for the production of fuels and chemicals. PMID- 3150648 TI - Prostaglandin oligomers: potential agents for the protection against the effects of oxygen deprivation. PMID- 3150649 TI - Biradical tetraether lipids from thermoacidophilic archaebacteria. PMID- 3150650 TI - Prevention of diabetes-related retinal microangiopathy with aldose reductase inhibitors. AB - Before any clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy can be detected, two major histopathological lesions occur in the walls of retinal capillaries: basement membrane thickening; and loss of intramural pericytes (mural cells). A decrease in the number of pericyte to endothelial cell junctions also occurs under diabetic conditions and may result in subsequent proliferation of endothelial cells and microaneurysm formation. Aldose reductase inhibitors prevent all these diabetic microangiopathies of the retina in animal models of diabetes and are presently being tested in clinical trials on diabetic retinopathy. Utilization of aldose reductase inhibitors is a novel approach which would potentially provide a very effective diabetic therapy to be used in addition to insulin. PMID- 3150651 TI - Assay for cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies using two-color immunofluorescence and rat pancreas. PMID- 3150652 TI - [Synchronization in cell cultures of Euglena gracilis strain Z. Effect of physical factors and the mitostatic component, coumarin]. PMID- 3150653 TI - [Extraction of chromosomal DNA from Staphylococcus and Listeria by a rapid method using achromopeptidase]. AB - A rapid and simple method for preparation of chromosomal DNA from Gram-positive bacteria is reported. Susceptibility to lysis with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) increases when undergoing treatment with acetone before being digested by bacteriolytic enzymes. Rapid lysis of Staphylococcus and Listeria cells is obtained through a respective treatment by lysozyme with lysostaphine and by lysozyme with achromopeptidase, adding to that the effect of SDS in Tris-Hcl buffer. This procedure of preparing chromosomal DNA provides 1 to 4 mg of DNA out of 1 g of bacterial cells in a day. PMID- 3150654 TI - The effect of sodium-2-mercaptoethane-sulphonate, N-acetylcysteine and cysteine on the uptake of cytosine arabinoside by normal and neoplastic thymus cells of mice. AB - The effect of some sulfhydryl compounds on the uptake of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) by normal and neoplastically transformed mouse thymus cells was studied. Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulphonate (Mesna) was found to greatly inhibit (in 80%) the uptake of Ara-C by normal cells. Two other SH-compounds (cysteine and N acetyl-cysteine) displayed no such effect. None of the three compounds reduced the uptake of Ara-C by neoplastic thymus cells. The possible pharmacological implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3150656 TI - Cytological characterization of IFC-1.65 strain of hydrolases producing Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 3150655 TI - Assessment of interferon production in patients with chronic nonviral diseases by whole blood or whole bone marrow techniques. AB - Hundred and fifty-four samples of heparinized blood from patients with chronic toxoplasmosis, chronic brucellosis, lung diseases, psychiatric affective disorders, healthy individuals and neonates, were obtained. The experimental material included also 14 bone marrow samples from patients with hematological diseases or lung cancer. The whole cell populations were treated with several classical IFN inducers and supernatants were assayed for IFN activity in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A 549 using VSV or EMC viruses as challenge. The response of WBC to NDV or PHA + PMA was high and remarkably stable in majority of cases except listed below. The levels of IFN induced by LPS were low. The response of WBMC to IFN inducers closely resembled the response of WBC. Low IFN levels in samples of stimulated WBMC from some hematological patients were connected with low cellularity. WBC from psychiatric patients with affective disorders weakly responded to stimulation with NDV. This suggested an existence of deficiency of IFN alpha production connected with affective disorders. Also WBC from cord blood failed to react to PHA + PMA and were poorly responsive to NDV. PMID- 3150660 TI - Diverticular disease in Auckland. AB - A retrospective study is presented of 200 cases of diverticular disease admitted to Auckland Hospital over the 6-year period 1979-84. The epidemiology of the total group, the mode or type of presentation, pathology and investigative practice have been examined. Seventy-six patients required surgical intervention either electively or as an emergency and these cases have been considered in detail. The surgical group included 44 men and 32 women; 21 patients presented for elective resection, and 55 patients underwent surgery during their emergency admission. In the emergency group, 20 laparotomies were performed for pericolic/pelvic abscesses, five for small/large bowel obstruction, 30 for peritonitis and only one laparotomy was performed for haemorrhage. The mortality for the entire group was 4% with all deaths occurring in the acute diverticulitis group. Three deaths followed emergency surgery and a further five patients died without coming to surgery, the diagnosis of acute diverticulitis being made only at post-mortem. Overall, 44% of cases of acute diverticulitis underwent emergency surgery and a further 6% required surgery over the next 1-5 years. Resectional surgery was practised widely in the emergency group (the most common being Hartmann's operation). Less radical surgery is also preferred for localized sepsis in selected cases. The mortality was confined to patients who did not undergo resection of the septic focus. The elective group (24 patients) usually presented as a result of stricture, or chronic symptoms, and these patients generally did well with elective resection. The group of patients presenting with colonic bleeding behaved in a very benign manner. There was no mortality and only one patient required emergency surgery for bleeding. PMID- 3150659 TI - Current status of pancreas transplantation. PMID- 3150661 TI - Cost-efficiency of a long-acting cephalosporin agent. AB - In a prospective longitudinal study of patients in a general surgical ward, the relative cost-efficiencies of a long-acting third generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone--mean plasma elimination t 1/2 390 min) and a short-acting second generation cephalosporin (cephamandole: mean plasma elimination t 1/2 32 min) were determined. The total cost of therapy for 24 h was +32.88 for cephamandole and +22.78 for ceftriaxone, that is, a reduction of 31%. Considerable cost containment can be achieved by using third generation cephalosporin agents that only require the administration of one intravenous injection per day. PMID- 3150663 TI - Fenton chemistry revisited: amino acid oxidation. PMID- 3150662 TI - Recurrent perforation complicating intestinal neurofibromatosis. AB - A patient with diffuse intestinal neurofibromatosis who presented with recurrent small bowel perforation is described. Such recurrent perforation has not been reported previously. Management at first perforation consisted of laparotomy, and excision of the perforated nodular lesion, with removal of the gall-bladder and appendix. The diagnosis of von Recklinghausen's disease was confirmed by skin biopsy. Management of the second perforation was conservative, with administration of intravenous antibiotics, fluid replacement therapy, and nasogastric suction. The third perforation was treated surgically, with resection of the small bowel, leaving approximately 50 cm of small bowel. Such an approach represented a compromise between cure of the neurofibromatosis and leaving sufficient small bowel to allow satisfactory alimentation. PMID- 3150664 TI - Platelet chemiluminescence induced by linoleic and arachidonic acids. PMID- 3150665 TI - Gel state chemiluminescence: an artificial electron transport system. PMID- 3150666 TI - Implication of protein oxidation in protein turnover, aging, and oxygen toxicity. AB - It is evident from the results summarized here that a variety of MFO systems catalyze the oxidation inactivation of enzymes. This likely involves site directed Fenton-chemistry in which Fe(II) bound to metal binding sites on the protein undergoes peroxidation to form active oxygen species that convert proximal amino acid residues to carbonyl derivatives. Such oxidation is likely involved in the accumulation of altered enzymes during aging, in premature aging diseases, in the killing of bacteria by neutrophils and in protein turnover. In view of these results, the possibility that protein oxidation is implicated in various diseases, viz, arthritis, pulmonary dysfunction, and carcinogenesis deserves consideration. PMID- 3150667 TI - n-3 fatty acids and hydroperoxide activation of fatty acid oxygenases. PMID- 3150668 TI - A cSOD-null mutant of Drosophila confers sensitivity to paraquat and reduced longevity. PMID- 3150669 TI - Relationship between the antioxidant enzyme DT-diaphorase and tumor response to mitomycin C treatment. PMID- 3150670 TI - The use of oxygen free radical scavengers in the rat peritonitis model. PMID- 3150671 TI - Enzymatic lipid peroxidation: a step in the breakdown of mitochondria during the maturation of red blood cells. PMID- 3150672 TI - Disposable versus reusable incontinent products: a controlled cost-effectiveness experiment. PMID- 3150673 TI - Photoprotective effect of vitamins A and E on polyamine and oxygenated free radical metabolism in hairless mouse epidermis. AB - The purpose of this study was to confirm the photoprotective effect on skin of vitamins A and E, due to inhibition of polyamine synthesis and production of free radicals. These variables were measured in the lumbar epidermis of the female hairless mouse subjected to UVA + B irradiation. Polyamines were assayed in epidermal homogenate by HPLC, and production of oxygenated free radicals was determined by spectrofluorometric assay of malonyl dialdehyde. It was determined that butyl-hydroxy-toluene and vitamin E inhibited production of free radicals (56% and 60%, respectively) and caused a significant reduction in polyamine biosynthesis (P less than 0.01), whereas the inhibitory effect of malonyl dialdehyde induced by vitamin A (30%) had no associated effect on polyamine metabolism. PMID- 3150674 TI - High fidelity of guanine translation in a plasmid-directed in vitro system. AB - The extent of misreading of individual bases in the first or second codon position has been measured in vitro in a simplified plasmid-directed coupled system in which natural messenger translation is restricted to the formation of the N-terminal di- or tripeptide. Experiments were performed under conditions of competition between cognate and noncognate tRNAs in the presence of streptomycin to maximize the frequency of reading errors. A striking lack of susceptibility to mistranslation of guanine, as compared to the other 3 bases, was observed. PMID- 3150675 TI - Valylation of tRNA-like transcripts from cloned cDNA of turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA demonstrate that the L-shaped region at the 3' end of the viral RNA is not sufficient for optimal aminoacylation. AB - Clones containing different lengths of cDNA corresponding to the 3' region of turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA were constructed and transcribed in vitro into the corresponding RNAs. Each transcript contained the L-shaped tRNA domain (N = 82) plus (i) in the case of 3 upstream sequences up to N = 93, 109 and 258; and (ii) in all cases an additional 6 nucleotide-stretch at the 5' end derived from the T7 promoter. The valylation of these molecules, as well as that of a fragment (N = 159) purified from viral RNA, was studied. Although all transcripts could be valylated by wheat germ valyl-tRNA synthetase, the 3 shorter fragments showed incomplete charging and slower rates, due mainly to lower Vmax values. Thus, although the tRNA-like L-shaped structure is the functional core permitting amino acylation, upstream nucleotides between positions 82 and 159 play an important role in allowing the highest rates and levels of valylation. Structural arguments supporting this view are discussed. PMID- 3150676 TI - Alpha are more stable than beta anomer oligonucleotides in 3T3 cellular extracts. AB - We have compared the stability of alpha and beta anomeric oligonucleotides in NIH 3T3 cellular extracts. We had already shown that alpha are much more resistant than beta oligonucleotides towards purified nucleases. This result is confirmed when using cellular extracts although the difference is smaller. When alpha molecules are combined with an intercalating agent binding in the 3' position a synergistic increase of resistance to degradation is observed. PMID- 3150677 TI - Mechanisms of degradation of 2'-5' oligoadenylates. AB - We have studied the mechanisms of breakdown of 2'-5' oligoadenylates. We monitored the time-courses of degradation of ppp(A2'p5')nA (dimer to tetramer) and of 5'OH-(A2'p5')nA (dimer to pentamer) in unfractionated L1210 cell extract. The 5' triphosphorylated 2'-5' oligoadenylates are converted by a phosphatase activity. However, 2'-5' oligoadenylates are degraded mainly by phosphodiesterase activity which splits the 2'-5' phosphodiester bond sequentially at the 2' end to yield 5' AMP and one-unit-shorter oligomers. The nonlinear least-squares curve fitting program CONSAM was used to fit these kinetics and to determine the degradation rate constant of each oligomer. Trimers and tetramers, whether 5' triphosphorylated or not, are degraded at the same rate, whereas 5' triphosphorylated dimer is rapidly hydrolyzed and 5'-OH dimer is the most stable oligomer. The interaction between degradation enzymes and the substrate strongly depends on the presence of a 5' phosphate group in the vicinity of the phosphodiester bond to be hydrolyzed; indeed, when this 5' phosphate group is present, as in pp/pA2'p5'A/or A2'/p5'A2'p5'A/, affinity is high and maximal velocity is low. Such a degradation pattern can control the concentration of 2' 5' oligoadenylates active on RNAse L either by limiting their synthesis (5' triphosphorylated dimer is the primer necessary for the formation of longer oligomers) and/or by converting them into inhibitory (e.g., monophosphorylated trimer) or inactive (e.g., nonphosphorylated oligomers) molecules. PMID- 3150678 TI - Bacterial proteins with N-terminal leader sequences resembling mitochondrial targeting sequences of eukaryotes. AB - Amphipathic, alpha-helical, leader sequences, analogous to those that direct nuclear-encoded eukaryotic proteins into mitochondria, have been found in one and only one class of bacterial integral membrane proteins. These bacterial proteins are the sugar permeases of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. The amphipathic leader sequence in each of these proteins is terminated by a helix breaker, either a prolyl residue or 2 adjacent glycyl residues. Preliminary evidence suggests that these leader sequences function to target the proteins to the envelope fraction of the prokaryotic cell during their biosynthesis. PMID- 3150679 TI - Liberation and oxygenation of polyenoic acids in stimulated platelets. AB - Radiolabeled polyenoic acids were incorporated into human platelet lipids using albumin as vector. Platelets were then triggered with 0.1 or 1 U/ml thrombin, and 0.5 or 2 x 10(-6) M calcium ionophore A23187. Lipid extracts were analyzed for neutral lipids, free fatty acids, monohydroxylated acids, prostanoids and glycocerophospholipid subclasses. During platelet activation induced by thrombin or by ionophore, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids were liberated from phospholipids in large amounts and were subsequently oxygenated via platelet oxygenases. Substantial amounts of lipoxygenase products and thromboxanes were produced from these acids. Liberation and oxygenation of linoleic, alpha linolenic, and docosahexaenoic acids were much less pronounced. Polyenoic acid liberation from phospholipid subclasses also behaved quite differently. Apart from alpha-linolenic and adrenic acids, which were poorly liberated, all the others were freed from phosphatidylinositol. In addition, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and 5, 8, 11-eicosatrienoic acids were liberated from phosphatidylcholine at high concentrations of agonists and partially reincorporated into phosphatidylethanolamine. Finally, linoleic acid was deacylated from phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine and almost entirely reacylated into phosphatidylcholine, whereas docosahexaenoic acid was deacylated from phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol reacylated into phosphatidylethanolamine, respectively. It is concluded that these polyenoic acids, all for which modulate platelet functions, exhibit very different metabolisms. They may act via their oxygenated derivatives and/or at the membrane phospholipid level. PMID- 3150680 TI - One-step purification and properties of catalase from leaves of Zantedeschia aethiopica. AB - Catalase (E.C 1.11.1.6) was purified from leaves of Zandedeschia aethiopica to apparent homogeneity by a one-step hydrophobic interaction chromatography on a phenyl Sepharose CL-4B column. The purified enzyme preparation was obtained with a final recovery of enzyme activity of about 61% and a specific activity of 146 U/mg protein. The purified enzyme ran as a single protein band when analyzed both by native PAGE and SDS-PAGE corresponding to an Mr of 220,000 Da, which consists of 4 subunits with identical Mr of 54,000 Da. The pI of purified enzyme was found to be 5.2 by isoelectric focusing on ultrathin polyacrylamide gels. The purified catalase has an optimum temperature of activity at 40 degrees C, whereas it is stable between 0 degrees and 50 degrees C. As regards pH, the enzyme has an optimum activity at pH 7.0 and it is stable in the range pH 6-8. The absorption spectrum of the purified enzyme exhibited 2 peaks at 280 nm and 405 nm. PMID- 3150681 TI - Characterization and promoter selectivity of Lactobacillus acidophilus RNA polymerase. AB - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase has been purified from gram-positive Lactobacillus acidophilus and found to be composed of 4 protein subunits, alpha, beta, beta', and sigma, with molecular weights of 40,000, 150,000, 135,000, and 45,000 kD, respectively, estimated on the basis of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme exhibits optimal activity in the presence of Mn2+, while Mg2+ shows only a slight effect. The L. acidophilus enzyme transcribes several Escherichia coli promoters examined so far, such as promoters of trp operon, lacUV5, and bla P3 from pBR322, whereas it lacks the ability to recognize bla P1 and tet P2 promoters from pBR322. Thus, the specificity of L. acidophilus RNA polymerase in recognizing the promoters is somehow different from that of the E. coli enzyme. By means of an in vitro transcription assay system for L. acidophilus RNA polymerase, 2 promoters have been identified in the DNA of an L. acidophilus cryptic plasmid (pRNL5). These promoters possess nucleotide sequences in the -10 region similar to the consensus sequence for the E. coli promoters. PMID- 3150682 TI - Cytochalasin B-sensitive, sodium ion-dependent glucose transport in intestinal microvillous membrane. AB - It was found that sodium ion-dependent glucose uptake by microvillous membrane (MVM) vesicles was partially inhibited by cytochalasin B with a half-maximum inhibition at ca. 10 microM. The MVM was photolabeled with [3]cytochalasin B. The Kd value and the maximum number of binding sites for cytochalasin B were ca. 8 microM and 70 pmol/mg protein, respectively. SDS-PAGE of the photolabeled MVM revealed 2 binding components. One was 86 K in Mr and the other 42 K. The binding of cytochalasin B to the 86 K component was affected neither by cytochalasin E nor by the presence of 0.5 M NaCl, but was depressed in the presence of 2-deoxy-D glucose or phlorizin, which had no effect on the labeling of the 42 K component. These and other data suggested that the 86 K component might be responsible for a cytochalasin B-sensitive glucose transport in intestinal epithelial MVM. PMID- 3150683 TI - Effects of buffer salt on the geminate recombination of photodissociated carboxyhemoglobin and its isolated subunits. AB - The geminate recombination of photodissociated carboxyhemoglobin (human adult) and its isolated subunits was studied by nanosecond laser photolysis. The rebinding kinetics were found not to depend upon the kind of buffer used or on pH but changed appreciably with the buffer concentration. The results are compared to oxygenation properties under the same conditions. PMID- 3150684 TI - Acetylation of Lys-373 in porcine pancreatic lipase after reaction of the enzyme or its C-terminal fragment [corrected] with p-nitrophenyl acetate. AB - The reactions of lipase (449 amino acid residues) and lipase fragment (336-449) with p-nitrophenyl acetate have been studied from 2 different angles. In previous papers it has been shown that lipase and lipase fragment enzymatically hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl acetate. The amino acid residue of the catalytic site that is temporarily acetylated has not yet been characterized in lipase or lipase fragment. Besides this very fast enzymatic hydrolysis, acetylation reactions may take place on nucleophilic amino acid side-chain groups. In the present report, acetylated amino acid residues whose acetyl linkages were not cleaved after pH 7.5-8.5 incubations have been investigated. Several residues were acetylated in very low proportion, whereas lysine 373 was stoichiometrically acetylated in lipase and in lipase fragment. This specific acetylation may have been favored by the presence of a hydrophobic reversible binding site for p-nitrophenyl acetate near Lys-373. This acetylation did not greatly change the specific activity of lipase towards an emulsion of tributyrylglycerol in the presence of colipase, but under certain conditions it had an effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of p nitrophenyl acetate by the lipase fragment. PMID- 3150685 TI - Kinetics of the diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione reduction by diacetyl reductase (alpha-diketone reductase (NAD)) from Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The kinetic mechanism of diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione reduction by diacetyl reductase from Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. The shape of the primary double reciprocal plots, the product inhibition pattern, and the features of the inhibition by a substrate analogue (acetone) show that diacetyl is reduced via an Ordered Bi-Bi mechanism, and 2,3-pentanedione by an Ordered Bi-Bi or Theorell Chance mechanism. NADH is the leading substrate in both reactions. Affinity constants for the coenzyme and the substrates and inhibition constants for NAD, acetoin, and acetone were also calculated. This enzyme has a high affinity for NADH; Km (31-50 microM) and Ks (20-27 microM) for this compound are around one tenth of the NADH intracellular concentration. Therefore, it must operate in vivo saturated with the coenzyme. This condition is not adequate to play the role, formerly proposed for diacetyl reductases, of regulating the equilibrium between oxidized and reduced forms of pyridine-nucleotides. PMID- 3150686 TI - Allosteric transition of aspartokinase I-homoserine dehydrogenase I studied by time-resolved fluorescence. AB - The allosteric transition of threonine-sensitive aspartokinase I-homoserine dehydrogenase I from Escherichia coli has been studied by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence decay can be resolved into 2 distinct classes of tryptophan emitters: a fast component, with a lifetime of about 1.5 ns; and a slow component, with a lifetime of about 4.5 ns. The fluorescence properties of the slow component are modified by the allosteric transition. In the T-form of the enzyme stabilized by threonine, the lifetime of the slow component is longer, with a red-shifted spectrum; its accessibility to quenching by acrylamide becomes slightly higher without any decrease of fluorescence anisotropy. These results indicate a change in polarity of the slow component environment. The quaternary structure change associated with the allosteric transition probably involves global movements of structural domains without leading to any local mobility on the nanosecond time-scale. We suggest that the slow component corresponds to the unique tryptophan of the buried kinase domain. PMID- 3150688 TI - Phospholipids from the hepatopancreas of Indian horseshoe crab Carcinoscropius rotundicauda. AB - Total phospholipids were extracted from the heart, hepatopancreas, and hemolymph of the Indian horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda by the conventional method. Characteristic group reaction and 2-dimensional thin-layer chromatography on silica gel were used for identification of different phospholipids. The phospholipid profile obtained from hemolymph and 2 major organs are comparable and show phosphatidyl choline (PC) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine to be the major phospholipids. A phospholipid has been consistently detected migrating immediately below the PC in the thin-layer chromatogram of lipids extracted from the hepatopancreas. When mixed methyl esters of this slower moving PC are resolved on a silica gel plate ran in hexane ether:acetic acid 80:20:1, with appropriate controls, an additional spot is seen just below the normal methyl ester, indicating a difference between the fatty acid compositions of 2 PC (e.g., regular and slower). The slower mixed methyl esters were found to comprise mainly the 4 saturated fatty acids: lauric, myristic, palmitic, and stearic. The slow moving PC seems to consist mainly of molecular species with the above-mentioned saturated fatty acids at both Sn 1 and Sn 2 positions. PMID- 3150687 TI - Purification and characterization of an agglutinin from mucus of the snail Achatina fulica. AB - The mucus of the snail Achatina fulica shows the presence of an agglutinin that nonspecifically agglutinates human erythrocytes. The agglutinin has been purified by affinity chromatography using Sepharose 4B-hog gastric mucin as the affinity matrix. Homogeneity was checked by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, and gel filtration. The agglutinin is a glycoprotein of native molecular weight 70,000. The isoelectric point of the protein was found to be 8.0. The predominant amino acids are aspartic acid and glutamic acid (or amides) and serine, which account for 32% of the total amino acid residues. The agglutinin has 10% carbohydrate (wt/wt) and the most abundant sugar is N-acetylglucosamine. The cd spectra of the agglutinin show the presence of random coil conformation. The inhibition of hemagglutination data indicates that the agglutinin is specific for beta glycosides of D-Gal and D-GalNAc. PMID- 3150689 TI - Quantitative data on very highly diluted solutions. AB - Computation using a coherent system of units demonstrates simply that no significant specific biological and pharmacological effects can be expected from very highly diluted solutions. PMID- 3150690 TI - [Changes in the redox potential and the number of accessible sulfhydryl groups in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis cultures during transient processes]. AB - It was shown that changes in the redox potential can be due to the influence of compounds which alter the intracellular pH (acetate or propionate, protonophore carbonyl-cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone, permeate cation TPP+). A correlation was found between the redox potential changes and the number of SH-groups in the medium and on cell surface. It was shown also that the previously reported redox potential shifts during the transition of E. coli and B. subtilis cultures to the stationary phase under glucose or ammonium exhaustion are due to the increase in the number of SH-groups in the medium and on cell surface. A hypothesis is put forward, according to which the changes in intracellular pH play a trigger role, whereas those in the thiol: disulfide ratio inside and outside the cells are thought to amplify regulatory signals. PMID- 3150691 TI - [Aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus isolated from indonesian crude herbal drugs]. PMID- 3150692 TI - Ocular symptoms and histopathology in mucopolysaccharidoses. PMID- 3150693 TI - Lithium combined with haloperidol in schizophrenic patients. AB - Previously, the addition of lithium to haloperidol has been reported to be of modest benefit to schizoaffective patients. To test this treatment on a different sample, 36 mainly schizophrenic patients were subdivided on the basis of the median of their initial depression score on the BPRS into depressive and non depressive schizophrenic subjects. Each group randomly received haloperidol plus placebo or haloperidol plus lithium for 8 weeks. The schizophrenic patients who were on the depressive side of the median BPRS depression score were found to be the most resistant to neuroleptic treatment alone, and benefited from the addition of lithium. PMID- 3150695 TI - [Retinal poisoning by Orobronze. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3150694 TI - The prophylactic efficacy of fluoxetine in unipolar depression. PMID- 3150697 TI - Blood grouping with the Olympus PK7100 testing system. AB - The Olympus PK7100, an automated microtitre blood typing machine, identifies, aliquots, and dilutes samples, adds reagents, photometrically detects agglutination, and records reaction results, with a throughput of 240 samples/h. A total of 20,147 donors was tested in parallel with the Groupamatic 360. Of these, 207 could not be ABO typed after two runs. Three samples typed as B by the Olympus were found to be A2B. Seventy-seven could not be typed for D after two runs. Of these, 55 were Rh positive and 22 negative. The Olympus identified 37 of 48 Du positive samples as Rh positive, while it typed three as Rh negative, and eight as 'uncertain'. None of these samples was identified as Rh positive by the Groupmatic 360. The Olympus PK7100 is accurate, reliable, easy to operate, and capable of high throughput with minimal operator intervention. PMID- 3150696 TI - The chemiluminescent response of human monocytes to red cells sensitized with monoclonal anti-Rh(D) antibodies. AB - Luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) was used to assess the metabolic response of human monocytes to red cells sensitized with known amounts of anti-Rh(D). Monoclonal antibodies were used to facilitate a comparison between the functional activities of IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses. The detection of CL provided a simple, rapid and semi-quantitative means of measuring monocyte response to sensitized red cells (IgG-RBC). Monocyte response to IgG3-RBC was quantitatively greater, more rapid and less susceptible to inhibition by fluid phase IgG than monocyte response to IgG1-RBC. The minimum levels of sensitization required to elicit CL from monocytes were approximately 2500 IgG3 molecules per red cell, or approximately 5000 IgG1 molecules per cell. PMID- 3150698 TI - Multimeric composition of plasma von Willebrand factor in chronic myeloproliferative disorders. AB - In chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPD) thrombohaemorrhagic complications occur occasionally in association with thrombocytosis. We studied the multimeric composition of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWf) in 15 patients with polycythaemia vera (PV), 12 with essential thrombocythaemia (ET) and eight with primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The relative content of large (multimer band greater than or equal to 11) multimers calculated by densitometer scan following SDS agarose gel electrophoresis was 18.5 +/- 4.4% (mean +/- SD) in normal controls, 8.3 +/- 7.9% in PV, 8.1 +/- 4.6% in ET and 19.6 +/- 6.7% in PMF. The patients with PV and ET but not PMF had a significantly lower percentage of large multimers than normal controls (P less than 0.001). The relative content of large multimers was negatively correlated with WBC and platelet count (P less than 0.02 each) in PV. It was negatively correlated with platelet count (P less than 0.005) and was positively correlated with a ratio of ristocetin cofactor/vWf antigen (RCof/vWf:Ag) (P less than 0.01) in ET. These results indicate that acquired defects of vWf are quite common in PV and ET but not in PMF. In addition, some CMPD patients with high platelet counts completely lacked large multimers. The negative correlation of the relative content of large multimers with platelet count suggests that large multimers may be preferentially consumed during thrombocytosis or degraded by protease(s) from increased blood cells. PMID- 3150699 TI - Effect of intravenous immunoglobulin on a spontaneous inhibitor to factor VIII. AB - A 71-year-old woman with a spontaneous anti-factor VIII inhibitor fractured her right wrist and 2 months later her left femur. She received treatment with porcine factor VIII for the first fracture and developed a secondary anti-porcine antibody response (from 10 to 200 Bethesda units). Following the second fracture she received intravenous immunoglobulin (i.v. IgG) (0.4 g/kg day for 5 days) in an attempt to reduce antibody activity. Despite further treatment with porcine factor VIII, the antibody level declined instead of rising as expected and the anti-human antibody activity also declined. We were not able to demonstrate neutralizing activity to her antibody but did demonstrate a reduced helper: suppressor ratio and reduced B-cell numbers and function after treatment with i.v. IgG. These changes were transient and as B-cell function improved over the following 4 months, her anti-human activity returned toward its previous level. Anti-porcine activity remained at its previous low level. We speculate that one of the mechanisms of action of i.v. IgG may be a direct cellular effect influencing both T-suppressor and B-lymphocyte function. PMID- 3150700 TI - Radioimmunoassay of salivary cortisol and its clinical applications. PMID- 3150701 TI - Flecainide acetate in dogs with ischemic tachyarrhythmia. An electrophysiologic study. PMID- 3150702 TI - Chronotoxicological studies on toxicity of parathion. PMID- 3150703 TI - Occlusion therapy for amblyopia and stereopsis. PMID- 3150704 TI - Division of lobes and segments of lung on CT scan and topographical relation of segmental bronchi and related vessels. PMID- 3150705 TI - Clinical application of antitachycardia pacemaker. A report of 6 cases. PMID- 3150706 TI - Comparison of efficacy of mitomycin-C and corynebacterium parvum in the management of malignant pleural effusion. PMID- 3150707 TI - Craniofacial resection of extensive malignant meningioma involving the base of anterior cranial fossa. Report of two cases. PMID- 3150708 TI - Pityrosporum folliculitis. Clinical and pathologic report of seven cases. PMID- 3150709 TI - Morphometric study on development of fetal hip. PMID- 3150710 TI - SC, IgA and IgA-producing cells in gastric mucosa of chronic gastritis and gastric carcinoma and their clinical significance. PMID- 3150711 TI - Experimental coronary artery spasm-induced thrombosis and myocardial infarction prevented by intravenous nifedipine. A study of hemodynamics, electrocardiograms, biochemistry and pathology. PMID- 3150712 TI - Schizophrenia diagnostic criteria. Comparisons and analyses. PMID- 3150713 TI - Netilmicin. Laboratory and clinical studies. PMID- 3150714 TI - Surgical treatment of an aneurysm of anterior communicating artery after its sixth bleeding. PMID- 3150715 TI - In memoriam of Dr. C. E. Lim. PMID- 3150716 TI - The first human case of angiostrongyliasis cantonensis in the mainland of China. PMID- 3150718 TI - Angiographic and clinical findings in intracranial aneurysm. A correlative study of 377 cases. PMID- 3150717 TI - Surveillance of acute respiratory infections in three kindergartens in Beijing. PMID- 3150719 TI - Ultrafiltration and two-hemodilution during excessive hemodilution cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 3150720 TI - Hemorheologic disturbances in experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis. PMID- 3150722 TI - Vacuole sign and small node sign in early peripheral lung cancer. Pathologic basis and diagnostic value. PMID- 3150721 TI - Superior oblique myokymia. PMID- 3150723 TI - Endoscopic hemostasis in upper GI hemorrhage with tissue adhesion. PMID- 3150724 TI - Coronary angiography during acute myocardial infarction in dogs. A comparison of the hemodynamic effects of ionic and nonionic contrast media. PMID- 3150725 TI - Pedicled jejunal loop interposition with an artificial nipple to prevent intestinal reflux. Experimental observations and clinical application. PMID- 3150726 TI - Effects of epidermal growth factor, glucagon and insulin on the hepatocytes after experimental liver cell necrosis. In vivo studies with monoclonal anti-bromo deoxyuridine staining. PMID- 3150727 TI - Further studies on the Mongolian jird model of Giardia lamblia. PMID- 3150728 TI - Ultrasonography of gastric neoplasm. PMID- 3150730 TI - An EEG study of 120 epileptic families. PMID- 3150731 TI - Inhibitor against the human immunodeficiency virus in aqueous extracts of Alternanthera philoxeroides. PMID- 3150729 TI - GFAP immunohistochemical analysis of Alzheimer type II cells in Wilson's disease. PMID- 3150732 TI - Clinicopathologic conference. Jaundice, weight loss, fever and abdominal mass. PMID- 3150734 TI - Successful pregnancy and birth after transfer of donated embryo fertilized in vitro. PMID- 3150733 TI - Inhibitory effects of anisodamine on endotoxin-induced prostaglandin production by cells in culture. PMID- 3150736 TI - Anterior extraperitoneal discectomy for herniation of lumbar intervertebral disc. PMID- 3150735 TI - Study on MPTP-induced parkinsonian animal model in rhesus monkey and the mechanism of MPTP. PMID- 3150737 TI - CT measurement of the normal cervical and lumbar spinal canal in Chinese. PMID- 3150738 TI - Risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in Beijing. PMID- 3150739 TI - Prostacyclin and thromboxane in pregnancy-induced hypertension. PMID- 3150740 TI - Selective arteriography of the spinal cord. A report of 17 cases. PMID- 3150741 TI - Infarct artery recanalization and collateral circulation in patients with myocardial infarction. PMID- 3150742 TI - Localization of 131I-labelled anti-glioma monoclonal antibody SZ-39 in human brain tumor transplanted in nude mice. PMID- 3150743 TI - Ultrastructural localization of carcinoembryonic antigen in gastric cancer. Immunoelectron microscopic observation. PMID- 3150744 TI - [Restoration of pituitary-ovarian function after long-term application of combined norethindrone oenanthate]. PMID- 3150745 TI - [Conjugative transfer of plasmids between Bacillus spp]. PMID- 3150746 TI - [Vector system for gene expression based on the use of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase]. PMID- 3150747 TI - [A nuclear factor interacting with the promoter region of the kappa-genes of immunoglobulins]. PMID- 3150748 TI - [Detection of alternative RNA splicing in the cut locus of D. melanogaster]. PMID- 3150749 TI - [Changes in the interaction of histones with DNA during transcription]. PMID- 3150750 TI - A patient with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism successfully treated by long-term pulsatile administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. AB - A male patient with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism has been treated by pulsatile administration lf luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) (20-25 micrograms, every 2 hours, sc) for 4 years 6 months. His plasma testosterone (T) concentration began to increase after 4 weeks of treatment and reached the normal range in week 5. He showed complete secondary sexual development after 1 year of treatment. His sperm count was normalized after 1 year of treatment. He was married after 29 months of therapy, and has a healthy male child. Blood type tests showed his paternity of the child. During the long duration of pulsatile LHRH therapy, his gonadotropin secretion has been stimulated by LHRH and his T level has been maintained with no observable side effects. There are no other reports of patients treated by pulsatile LHRH injection for such a long duration, but finding in this patient indicated that long-term pulsatile LHRH therapy is a useful and safe method for treatment of hypothalamic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. PMID- 3150751 TI - Regional patterning of hormones in the female rat anterior pituitary: disproportionate changes over the estrous cycle. AB - The present study addressed the possibility that regional differences exist in the typical patterning of anterior pituitary hormones seen over the estrous cycle. The results show that LH in the rostral area of the pituitary, significantly higher than in other regions on diestrus, rises markedly on proestrus before falling late on that afternoon to concentrations comparable to other areas. Smaller cyclic changes were seen for lateral and caudo-central areas. The pattern of regional FSH concentrations on diestrus, while similar to LH, does not show the proestrus fall in the rostral region. Prolactin declines from a high on diestrus I to a low on late proestrus, but no regional disparities are present. TSH shows distinct regional differences and a fall in concentrations that coincides with the reported rise in serum estradiol. These findings indicate that the preovulatory surge of LH may represent a regionally disproportionate event, possibly involving inequalities in the relative amounts of gonadotropin releasing hormone reaching various areas of the pituitary or differences in the ability of this releasing hormone to trigger LH release. PMID- 3150753 TI - Protein nutritional status in elderly Chinese in Hong Kong. AB - Daily intakes of protein and energy were estimated in a group of 417 apparently healthy elderly Chinese subjects aged 60 years and over, living independently in the community. The mean protein intake was 1.2 g/kg body weight, well above the WHO/FAO/UNU recommendation of 0.8 g/kg, and comparable to intakes of elderly Americans and Britons. Plasma total protein, albumin, prealbumin, retinol binding protein and transferrin concentrations were also measured. No age- or sex-related differences were found and the values were comparable to published values for elderly Caucasians. Plasma prealbumin and retinol binding protein concentrations correlated with protein intake and with arm muscle area. Protein nutritional status appears adequate for elderly Chinese living in the community. PMID- 3150752 TI - Isolation of luteinizing hormone receptor binding inhibitor from ovine corpora lutea. AB - Procedures for the isolation of luteinizing hormone receptor binding inhibitor (LHRBI) from crude extracts of ovine corpora lutea are described. Microsomal pellets recovered by differential centrifugation of homogenates of fresh corpora lutea were stored at -20 degrees C for 3 weeks and then extracted with Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4). On sequential filtration of the extract on Amicon UM-20, PM-10 and UM-2R filters, the corresponding retentates (UM-20R, PM-10R and UM-2R) demonstrated inhibition of radio-labeled human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) to ovine luteal cells. The retentate of UM-2 filter (UM-2R) was further fractionated by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The active fractions- III, IX, X and XIII, thus obtained, calculated by their ability to inhibit 125I-hCG binding in dose dependent manner, were purified 150 to 1000-fold. PMID- 3150754 TI - Reproductive fitness and longevity in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - It has been suggested that senescence could have evolved by selection of genes with beneficial effects early in life and detrimental ones later in life (pleiotropy theory of the evolution of senescence). To test that theory, the egg production of 322 females of the Oregon strain of Drosophila melanogaster was recorded daily throughout their life. At the individual level, no relation could be detected between early components of fitness and longevity. For the time being it appears that there are no unequivocal reasons to accept the pleiotropy theory of the evolution of senescence. PMID- 3150755 TI - Evaluation of antinfective activity of an association bifidobacterium/lactobacillus in mouse intestine. AB - The present research aimed at studying the action of an association of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus, in controlling an experimental severe infection by Salmonella enteritidis administered in mouse per os. The behaviour of some parameters was undertaken, checking for the pH of intestinal content; the condition of the colonization in the intestinal wall by means of scanning electron microscopy and plates cultures; the presence of antibodies IgA in intestinal content; the index of mortality in the diversely treated animal's groups. The reported data show a string incidence of the administration of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in increasing the animal's resistance against the lethal infection. PMID- 3150756 TI - [Sensitivity of individual Drosophila to the mutagenic action of ethyl methanesulfonate]. AB - The genetic effect of some factors is generally evaluated as an average response of all individuals, without taking into account their potential differences. The presence of individual sensitivity in separate Drosophila organisms to the mutagenic influence of ethyl methanesulfonate was shown when analysing recessive sex-linked lethal mutations in germ cells of males. Different sensitivity of separate individuals to mutagens reflects the existence of cryptic genetic variability in Drosophila strains on a large scale. It is advisable to take into account individual sensitivity of organisms to mutagenic factors, when conducting mutation research and studying genetic consequences of biosphere pollution. PMID- 3150757 TI - [Mechanisms of DNA repair disorders in human cells. Genome instability in lymphocytes of patients with myopathy related to DNA repair disorders]. AB - Increased level of cytogenetic damages was observed in lymphocytes of 10 patients with muscular dystrophy (Duchenne, Erba, Landuzi--Degerin). Analysis of DNA repair synthesis revealed inhibition of this process in lymphocytes of 10 patients observed. On the other hand, decreased reactivation of vaccinia virus and increased level of virus mutagenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide and bleomycin was noted in the experiments with lymphocytes of 3 patients observed. PMID- 3150758 TI - Time-related neuroendocrine manifestations of puberty: a combined clinical and experimental approach extracted from the 4th Belgian Endocrine Society lecture. AB - The neuroendocrine manifestations of puberty converge on changes in GnRH secretion. Their appraisal through the assay of GnRH-like material in 24-hour urine extracts shows an increased excretion of this material in the late prepubertal period. The most striking pubertal changes in GnRH secretion occur on a circadian and ultradian basis. In man, they can be evaluated only indirectly. The circadian variations in LH and FSH secretion characteristic of puberty may be observed in timed fractions of 24-hour urine with some delay when compared to the variations of plasma levels. Studies on the frequency of pulsatile LH secretion and during chronic intermittent administration of GnRH support the existence of an increased frequency of GnRH secretory episodes at puberty. LH response to synthetic GnRH is directly related to the frequency of stimulation by endogenous GnRH pulses and provides a very useful index of neuroendocrine maturation in patients with delayed or precocious puberty. A direct evaluation of pulsatile GnRH secretion is possible using the rat hypothalamus in vitro. In these experimental conditions, the frequency of pulsatile GnRH release increases during very early stages of sexual maturation in the male rat. GnRH itself and beta endorphin are inhibitory regulators of GnRH secretion in vitro and may participate in the mechanisms restraining the pulse-generating machinery in the hypothalamus before puberty. PMID- 3150759 TI - Role of the c-fos gene expression on the mitogenic response in EL2 rat fibroblasts. AB - Stimulation of the growth of quiescent fibroblasts by polypeptide growth factors is accompanied by the rapid induction of the c-fos proto-oncogene. To investigate whether there exists a relationship between mitogenic activity and c-fos expression, we analysed cellular responses (DNA synthesis and cell growth) and c fos gene induction (mRNA and proteins) in a rat embryo fibroblast line (EL2) stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), 12 O-tetradodecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta). Our results suggest that the susceptibility of EL2 cells to a growth factor could be predicted as a function of the c-fos expression caused by the same growth factor. These also indicate that the c-fos gene expression may have contributed to moving our cells out of the quiescent state, but it is not the only essential event required to effect EL2 cell growth. PMID- 3150760 TI - Effect of fluoride on molecular weight, charge density and age related changes in the sulphated isomers of glycosaminoglycans of the rabbit cancellous bone. AB - The effect of fluoride on the composition, molecular weight and charge density of the glycosaminoglycan isomers in the cancellous bone of the iliac crest region of the pelvic girdle was studied in rabbits treated with fluoride for 3, 9 and 16 months and the corresponding age-matched controls. With advancing age the chondroitin-6-sulphate concentration was found to increase in the fluoride treated as well as the control animals. The concentration of dermatan sulphate was found to decrease with advancing age in the control groups. However, the fluoride-treated groups showed increasing concentrations of dermatan sulphate as the age and the duration of fluoride treatment advanced. The glycosaminoglycans in the fluoride-treated group showed the presence of low-molecular-weight molecules which were not found in the corresponding control group, and also showed an increased charge-density heterogeneity as compared to the corresponding control group. The data presented provide evidence to suggest that glycosaminoglycans of cancellous bone undergo age-related changes in their isomeric profile. The increase in dermatan sulphate and the presence of low molecular-weight, highly charged molecules in the adult fluorosed bone may be related to the cartilagenous loci formation as reported earlier. PMID- 3150761 TI - Ovarian failure in a chromosomally competent adolescent female: a case report. PMID- 3150762 TI - Electroencephalography in herpes simplex encephalitis. AB - The EEG in the acute stage of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) can show a variety of abnormalities, including uni- or bilateral periodic sharp waves or attenuation of amplitude, focal or generalized slow waves or epileptiform discharges, or electrical seizures. No specific EEG patterns are pathognomonic for HSE, but a focal or lateralized EEG abnormality in the presence of encephalitis is highly suspicious of HSE. In the acute stage, EEG appears to be more sensitive than computerized tomography or radioisotope brain scanning. The EEG findings tend to differ in the course of illness, and the periodic discharges occur only during the acute stage. The EEG findings in either the acute stage or long-term follow-up do not predict the chance of survival or severity of disability, and EEG changes appear to lag behind the clinical changes. EEG results can become normal in both adults and neonates when the acute stage is over. PMID- 3150763 TI - Complete coding region sequence of E beta k cDNA clones: lack of polymorphism in the NH2-terminus between E beta k and E beta b molecules. AB - Sequence analysis of two independently isolated E beta k cDNA clones revealed that the E beta k molecule is identical to the E beta b molecule at the NH2 terminus. These data resolve a discrepancy between previously published amino acid and nucleotide sequences and indicate that the E beta NH2-terminus is not as polymorphic as was once believed. PMID- 3150764 TI - [Pheochromocytoma complicated by hypercalcemia and hyperreninemia in a patient with von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis developed hypertensive crisis in the third trimester of pregnancy]. PMID- 3150765 TI - The Nottingham Health Profile as a measure of quality of life following combined heart and lung transplantation. AB - This paper reports on the use of the Nottingham Health Profile as a measure of patient quality of life before and after combined heart and lung transplantation at Harefield Hospital. A total of 125 profiles from 48 patients were analysed. In both section 1 and section 2 of the profile, large and statistically significant (p less than 0.05) improvements in quality of life were associated with transplantation. The profile proved easy to use either as part of an interview during assessment for transplantation or as a postal follow-up postoperatively. PMID- 3150766 TI - Quantification of circulating immune complexes by chicken anti-C4 micro ELISA. AB - A quantitative assay for C4-containing immune complexes (IC) by a solid phase anti-C4 micro ELISA is described. It is based upon the use of an affinity purified chicken anti-human C4 antibody to capture the immune complex, and protein A-alkaline phosphatase for detection. The chicken antibody was chosen as capture antibody because it does not react with rheumatoid factor, does not activate the human complement system and is not detected by anti-mammalian IgG antibodies or protein A. Increased levels of C4 containing circulating immune complexes (CIC) were detected in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lung cancer, when compared with normal sera. Normal levels of C4 containing immune complexes were found in sera from patients with Bell's palsy. PMID- 3150767 TI - A deletion involving intron 13 and exon 14 of factor VIII gene in a haemophiliac with anti-factor VIII antibody. PMID- 3150768 TI - Nonsense mutation in factor VIII gene of a severe haemophiliac patient with anti factor VIII antibody. PMID- 3150769 TI - [The effect of lpr-gene on the accumulation of the number of piled layer in the bladder epithelium]. PMID- 3150771 TI - [Mapping of "nonessential" regions in the genome of vaccinia virus]. AB - The special molecular probe for mapping the "nonessential" regions in the genome of vaccinia virus has been obtained by the genetic engineering methods. The probe included the gene for beta-galactosidase of E. coli under the control of vaccinia virus 7.5 K protein promoter as well as the gene for kanamycin resistance. In its final version the probe is obtainable from the plasmid pUCZ beta using the restriction endonucleases SalI, BamHI, EcoRI. The probe included by the BamHI fragment of DNA was inserted into the HindIII-E-fragment of the vaccinia virus (cloned into a plasmid) in 8 of the existing 9 BglII cleavage sites. The latter plasmids were introduced into the chicken embryo cells infected by the vaccinia virus. The plasmid having the probe inserted into the 5th BglII site (from the left end) of the HindIII-E fragment permitted to obtain the live vaccinia strain expressing the beta-galactosidase. Thus, the "nonessential" region of vaccinia virus, that was not described previously, is mapped. PMID- 3150770 TI - [Study of the horizontal transfer of mercury resistance genes in natural populations of bacteria using antibodies to mercury reductases]. AB - Mercury resistant soil and intestinal bacteria were isolated from different mercury deposit areas of the USSR. Mercury reductases from all gram negative bacteria studied (Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Enterobacterial species) with a single exception (Flavobacterium sp.) were immunologically cross reactive. Two immunological types of mercury reductases were found among gram positive bacteria (Bacillus, Staphylococcus and Coryneform species). Further subdivisions were done by "spur" formation tests. Despite considerable diversity of mercury reductases revealed in this study, we found several strains which belonged to distant genera but contained immunologically indistinguishable enzymes. This suggested that the horizontal spread of the corresponding genes occurred in these genera in relatively recent time. PMID- 3150772 TI - Opioid peptides: an update. PMID- 3150773 TI - Neuropeptides, a personalized history. PMID- 3150774 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of novel Met-enkephalin analogs. PMID- 3150775 TI - Approaches to studying structure-activity relationships in peptide hormones through the expression of synthetic genes. PMID- 3150776 TI - Conformational studies of dermorphin. PMID- 3150777 TI - [Post-traumatic epilepsy in adults--clinical characteristics and forensic study]. PMID- 3150778 TI - Modulation of growth hormone-releasing factor stimulated growth hormone secretion by plasma glucose and free fatty acid concentrations in sheep. AB - Effects of plasma glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations on bovine growth hormone-releasing factor (bGRF)-induced release of growth hormone (GH) were examined in ovariohysterectomized sheep. In experiment 1, the effects of an infusion of insulin (0.025 U/kg BW.h-1), glucose (40 mg/kg BW.h-1), insulin plus glucose or saline on the subsequent effects of bGRF on plasma GH concentrations were determined. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia inhibited GRF effects on plasma GH concentrations while glucose infusion enhanced bGRF actions. Infusing a higher glucose dose (120 mg/kg BW.h-1) had no effect on GRF actions. Subsequently, infusion of FFA (0.25 g/kg/.h-1), nicotinic acid (50 mg/kg BW) or saline for 1 h prior to bGRF injection demonstrated that FFA inhibited GRF actions but FFA depletion by nicotinic acid infusion had no effect on GRF actions. Nicotinic acid (40 mg/kg BW.h-1) infused for 2 h prior to bGRF injection significantly enhanced bGRF-stimulated GH secretion. Finally, to determine whether central nervous system glucopenia produced similar effects to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, 2 deoxyglucose (500 mg) was injected into the lateral ventricle followed in 1 by the i.v. injection of bGRF. The central glucopenia produced by 2-DG inhibited GRF stimulated GH release. These data demonstrate that decreased peripheral or central nervous system glucose availability and exogenous administration of FFA antagonized GRF-induced release of GH. And, pharmacologic depletion of circulating FFA for at least 2 h facilitated GRF-induced release of GH. PMID- 3150780 TI - [The role of radiology in the diagnosis and treatment of schistosomiasis]. PMID- 3150779 TI - [Determining the optimal technics of fixing breast tumor specimens for electron microscopic studies]. PMID- 3150781 TI - [Glycosaminoglycans in the serum and urine and their significance in clinical diagnosis]. PMID- 3150783 TI - [Clinical pharmacology of flecainide]. PMID- 3150782 TI - [Intravenous immunoglobulin preparations in the adjuvant treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. PMID- 3150784 TI - Massive macroglossia, amyloidosis and myeloma. AB - A 74 year old man with light-chain myeloma developed amyloidosis with macroglossia after 10 years of therapy with alkylating agents. Over a 2-year period his tongue enlarged to persistently protrude from his mouth, inhibit his speech, interfere with normal swallowing and eventually threaten his airway. As a life-saving procedure the tumorous anterior two-thirds of the tongue was resected, with excellent primary healing. Within two weeks the patient's speech became comprehensible and his ability to eat returned to normal. Although rare in amyloidosis, massive macroglossia may occur and surgical correction is easily achieved. PMID- 3150785 TI - Effects of Ro 15-4513, alone or in combination with ethanol, Ro 15-1788, diazepam, and pentobarbital on instrumental behaviors of rats. AB - Intraperitoneally administered Ro 15-4513 and ethanol (ETOH), singly and in combination, were examined in rats. Leaping, climbing, bar-pressing, open-field (O-F) activity, as well as concentrations of ETOH in rebreathed air, were studied. Rats in the ETOH (1.2 g/kg) plus Ro 15-4513 (3 mg/kg) condition evinced a jumping performance significantly better than that of the ETOH singly-treated rats; the ETOH (1.2 g/kg) plus Ro 15-4513 (10 mg/kg) condition was intermediate to those of the ETOH and vehicle conditions. In the climbing and bar-pressing experiments, Ro 15-4513 did not attenuate the ETOH-induced impairments. Yet, ETOH improved performance of the Ro 15-4513 high dose (10 mg/kg) condition in the climbing situation. Additional findings were that a) intrinsic activity was noted with Ro 15-4513 in the climbing and bar-pressing situations, and b) the Ro 15 4513/ETOH combination in the O-F test resulted in reduced defecation (antagonism) and rearing activity similar to that of the ETOH-treated rats (lack of antagonism). Concentrations of ETOH in rebreathed air suggested no significant differences between the ETOH singly as compared to the ETOH plus Ro 15-4513 groups. Thus the antagonism of ETOH by Ro 15-4513 was dependent on the parameter examined. Additional experiments examined combinations of Ro 15-4513, Ro 15-1788, diazepam, and pentobarbital in the bar-pressing situation. Results were compatible with the view that Ro 15-4513 acts as a partial benzodiazepine inverse agonist. PMID- 3150787 TI - [Active oxygen production in lipoxygenase system]. PMID- 3150786 TI - Naltrexone effects on pituitary and gonadal hormones in male and female rhesus monkeys. AB - The long-acting opioid antagonist, naltrexone, stimulates LH and FSH in women during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and is a new provocative test of hypothalamic-pituitary function (42,63). The acute effects of naltrexone (0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 mg/kg IV) on anterior pituitary (LH, FSH, PRL) and gonadal steroid (T or E2) hormones were studied in 7 female and 4 male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Integrated plasma samples were collected at 20 min intervals for 60 min before and for 300 min after intravenous infusion of naltrexone over 10 min. In females studied during the early follicular phase (cycle days 1-3), naltrexone did not stimulate LH and significantly suppressed E2 (p less than 0.0003-0.0001) and FSH (p less than 0.006-0.0001). Naltrexone (0.50 and 1.0 mg/kg) also did not stimulate LH release in late follicular phase females (cycle days 10-12) when estradiol levels were in the peri-ovulatory range. FSH and E2 were significantly suppressed (p less than 0.01-0.05) after 1.0 mg/kg naltrexone, but not after 0.5 mg/kg naltrexone. However, in males all doses of naltrexone significantly stimulated LH (p less than 0.003-0.0001) and T (p less than 0.001 0.0001) but not FSH. LH increased significantly above baseline within 20 to 40 min and T increased significantly within 60 min. These gender differences in naltrexone's effects on pituitary gonadotropins and gonadal steroid hormones were unanticipated. These data are not concordant with clinical studies which report significant naltrexone stimulation of LH in men and in women during the early follicular phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3150788 TI - [Posttranslational modification of superoxide dismutase in cells; glycation and inactivation of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase]. PMID- 3150789 TI - [Mechanism of photodynamic cytotoxicity of mammalian cells]. PMID- 3150790 TI - [Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in infants with severe neurologic damage]. PMID- 3150791 TI - Polyamine content in pulmonary arteries from rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. AB - Based on the documented role of polyamines in regulation of cell growth and differentiation, we have proposed that these organic cations are essential for hypertrophic and hyperplastic responses of pulmonary vascular cells which underlie development of hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease. In support of this contention, we have shown in rat models of monocrotaline (MCT)- and chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension that whole-lung polyamine contents are elevated and that blockade of polyamine synthesis forestalls development of hypertensive pulmonary vascular remodeling and sustained pulmonary hypertension. To determine if the involvement of polyamines in pulmonary hypertension could be ascribed to events occurring in cells of the vascular wall, as opposed to parenchymal or airways cells, the present study measured polyamine contents as a function of time in macroscopic pulmonary arteries from MCT-treated rats. Rats were given MCT or its vehicle and, at 1,4,7, and 21 days post-treatment, the contents of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were assessed in whole right lung and in an arterial segment from the left lung consisting of the first and extending to the sixth intrapulmonary branch. Relative to control animals, contents of putrescine and spermidine were elevated in whole lung at 4, 7 and 21 days post MCT while the content of spermine was elevated above control at 21 days. In pulmonary arterial segments, contents of putrescine and spermidine were augmented significantly at 7 and 21 days after MCT treatment. Spermine content in arterial segments was increased at 21 days. Right ventricular hypertrophy indicative of sustained pulmonary hypertension was not evident until 21 days post treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3150792 TI - A mechanism for the potentiation of the cytotoxic effects of antimetabolites drugs (FT-207, 5FU) by hyperthermia. AB - This study demonstrates that the cytotoxicity of FT-207 was potentiated with elevated temperatures. This result leads us to the hypothesis that the heat produced superoxide radicals could metabolize and degradate FT-207 to 5FU at membrane or cytoplasm. PMID- 3150794 TI - Macrophage activation. PMID- 3150793 TI - Cytokines in chronic inflammatory synovitis. AB - Cytokines likely play a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic inflammatory arthritidies. Recent studies on the cytokine profile of inflammatory synovitis have provided insight into the mechanisms of cellular activation in the inflamed joint. Although gamma interferon has been proposed as a major macrophage activating factor and inducer of class II major histocompatibility antigens in the joint, studies using sensitive and specific immunoassays have shown that the concentration of this lymphokine in synovial fluid is probably not sufficient to account for the high level of HLA-DR expression on Type A synoviocytes and macrophages in the joint. In contrast, GM CSF has recently been identified in synovial effusions of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and is produced by synovial tissue cells in vitro. Like gamma interferon, GM-CSF is a known macrophage activating factor and induces HLA DR on cells of macrophage lineage. Furthermore, supernatants of cultured synovial tissue cells contain an HLA-DR inducing factor that is neutralized by specific antibodies to GM-CSF but not by antibodies to gamma interferon. These data suggest that GM-CSF plays a significant role in macrophage activation in the synovium. PMID- 3150795 TI - [Studies on ovarian plasminogen activators and their inhibitor]. PMID- 3150796 TI - [Modulatory effect of deep peroneal nerve stimulation on the carotid body chemoreceptor pressor response in rabbits]. PMID- 3150797 TI - [Complete denture from technician's viewpoint]. PMID- 3150798 TI - [Abutment localization in implantation wishes of dental technician--possibilities of the dentist]. PMID- 3150799 TI - [Recall. Expense, need, result]. PMID- 3150800 TI - Effects of hippocampal kindled afterdischarges and complex partial seizures on previously established avoidance response in cats. AB - The performance of well established avoidance response was tested in cats with developed, kindled, bioelectric hippocampal epileptic focus and complex partial and secondarily generalized seizures. The animals were trained before kindling to perform foreleg movement in response to clicks (conditioning stimulus) in order to avoid an unconditioned stimulus - electric shocks, applied to the same forepaw. In addition, two animals were trained to differentiate between different frequencies of clicks. There was no deficit in reflex performance and differentiatimon if the conditioning stimulus was presented during intensive uni- or bilateral spontaneous interictal limbic spiking, occurring before or after hippocampal afterdischarges and complex partial seizures. After repeated secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures the performance was, however, completely abolished. Presentation of the conditioning stimulus during afterdischarges and partial seizures resulted in 75 percent correct responses during afterdischarges shorter than 10s and 25 percent correct responses during afterdischarges longer than 10 s. Correct responses were observed in cases when conditioning stimulus was applied not later than 6 s after the termination of hippocampal electrical stimulation. The results suggest that the functional integrity of the hippocampal formation is of no critical importance for the retrieval and for performance of the previously established avoidance response and differentiation. A deficit in memory retrieval and/or performance of the avoidance response during afterdischarges and partial seizures may be related to indirect effects caused by the afterdischarges in remote, other than limbic structures. PMID- 3150801 TI - [Current status and problem of pancreas transplantation]. PMID- 3150802 TI - [Temporal variation of titers of serologic reactions in the chronic phase of Chagas disease and its possible clinical correlation]. PMID- 3150804 TI - [Use of the method of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry for identification of products of the interaction of thiophosphamide with DNA]. AB - Products of interaction between DNA and an antitumour drug N, N', N'' triethylenethiophosphoramide (thiotepa) have been observed for the first time by the fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The sites of alkylation are detected as N7 (Gua) and N3 (Ade), and yields of the products are evaluated. PMID- 3150805 TI - Habituation of tactile startle is altered by drugs acting on serotonin-2 receptors. AB - Ligand binding studies indicate that multiple serotonin (5-HT) binding sites exist in the brain. To relate these putative receptor subtypes to startle reactivity and habituation, compounds with varying specificities for 5iHT1 and 5 HT2 binding sites were administered to rats prior to the presentation of 201 startling tactile stimuli. The 5-HT2 antagonists cyproheptadine, cinanserin, ritanserin, and ketanserin increased the rate of tactile startle habituation without affecting initial levels of reactivity. The 5-HT1A agonists 8-hydroxy-2 (di-n-propylamino)tetralin, ipsapirone, and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, the 5-HT1B agonist m-trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine, and the 5-HT2 agonist quipazine affected startle reactivity rather than having specific effects on habituation. The effects of the exogenous 5-HT2 antagonists were consistent with the effects of manipulations of endogenous 5-HT. Specifically, the serotonin depleting agents parachlorophenylalanine and parachloroamphetamine accelerated startle habituation. Conversely, the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine decreased startle habituation. These findings support the hypothesis that serotonergic systems modulate the habituation of tactile startle via actions at 5-HT2 receptors. PMID- 3150808 TI - Collagen gene structure. PMID- 3150806 TI - Antagonization of the behavioral activation produced by direct stimulation of forebrain dopamine receptors caused by intraaccumbens injections of neurotensin. AB - A number of studies have shown that intracisternal, intracerebroventricular, or direct administration of neurotensin (NT) into the nucleus accumbens (ACC) can antagonize the arousal and excitement produced by activation of the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system of rats. This study investigated where NT acts relative to DA neurons to exert this antagonistic effect. In this study we selectively removed the majority of limbic forebrain DA terminals by bilateral administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the anterolateral hypothalamus of desipramine pretreated rats. The 6-OHDA-treated rats subsequently developed DA receptor supersensitivity, as evidenced by behavioral supersensitivity to L-DOPA. The L DOPA dose employed was subthreshold for behavioral excitation in control rats. The behavioral excitation to L-DOPA in 6-OHDA-treated rats consisted of increases in sniffing and increases in locomotion and/or rearing, along with decreases in resting and sleep. Following bilateral intra-ACC injections of NT, L-DOPA-induced sniffing, rearing, and locomotion decreased significantly, and resting and sleep increased significantly. These data suggest that intra-ACC NT, acting in or proximal to the ACC, can antagonize the behavioral effects of limbic DA stimulation and that this antagonism is postsynaptic to DA neurons. PMID- 3150807 TI - Physostigmine enhances blood flow-metabolism ratio in neocortex. AB - Inhibition of central nervous system cholinesterase with a single pulse of physostigmine induces a pronounced increase of blood flow in the neocortex, cingulate gyrus, claustrum, and amygdala. This phenomenon is not accompanied by an increase in energy metabolism and may help explain the effect of this drug on memory in normal humans and patients with Alzheimer's disease, as well as other conditions. In contrast, a parallel increase of blood flow and metabolism was observed in the superior colliculus, a component of the visual pathways. Prolonged administration of physostigmine lead to persistent vasodilatation in the neocortex, a lessening of this effect in cingulate gyrus, claustrum and amygdala, and an increase in primary olfactory cortex and hippocampus when compared with single pulse administration. Effects of physostigmine on glucose utilization remained essentially the same as with pulse administration. PMID- 3150809 TI - Histone genes of ciliates. PMID- 3150810 TI - Role of CT scanning in radiation therapy with electron beams. PMID- 3150811 TI - Effect of collimator setting on the output of rectangular fields from linear accelerators. AB - The output (cGy/mu) of a rectangular field from a linear accelerator is not always the same as that of its equivalent square field. We have summarized output variations with upper and lower collimator setting for 4, 6, and 24 MV X-rays. It is concluded that an error in output on the order of a few percent is introduced for elongated fields if lower set of collimator jaws is used for setting the longer dimension of the field, and computing the output using equivalent square method. It is recommended that specific guidelines be developed regarding rectangular field setting on high energy linacs. PMID- 3150812 TI - Evaluation of several film/screen combinations for megavoltage radiation therapy treatment field verification. AB - The introduction of a lower cost alternative to a film commonly used for megavoltage radiation therapy port films led to a comparison of two films (Kodak X-TL and X-OMAT G) in four metal screen cassette configurations. In addition to determination of H-D curves and point spread functions, images of humanoid phantom sections were obtained and evaluated for clinical "usefulness." The X OMAT G film-screen combinations compared favorably with the X-TL film combinations with respect to the H-D Curves and point spread functions but there was a slight preference for X-TL film. There were no differences noted whether the film was used in the standard "ready pack" or naked in the cassettes. PMID- 3150813 TI - Management of stomatitis symptoms. PMID- 3150814 TI - [Heterogeneity of collagen molecules types I and II according to their resistance to proteolysis]. AB - Study of the effects of pepsin treatment on soluble collagens type I of the skin and collagens type II of the costal cartilage of healthy subjects revealed the presence of two classes of molecules differing in the stability of their three helical structure. In collagen molecules possessing a low stability (their number may amount to 20-30%) within the temperature range of 4-30 degrees C pepsin causes a split-off of N-terminal sites with the formation of short chains, i.e., alpha 1(I), alpha 2(II), and alpha 1(II), whereas at higher temperatures (33 degrees C for collagens type I and 37 degrees C for collagens type II) a complete degradation of these molecules takes place. It was found that collagens types I and II molecules contain a high number of three-helical sites with a high susceptibility to pepsin. The putative functional role of structural heterogeneity of collagen molecules is discussed. PMID- 3150815 TI - The distributions and diffusivities of small ions in chondroitin sulphate, hyaluronate and some proteoglycan solutions. AB - The distributions and diffusivities of Na+, Ca2+ and Cl- in chondroitin sulphate (CS), hyaluronate (HA) and proteoglycan solutions were measured using equilibrium dialysis and a capillary tube method. Measurements were made for a range of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentrations up to those normally found in dense connective tissue (10% CS, 2.5% HA), ionic strengths up to normal physiological concentrations (0.15 M) and for different combinations of monovalent and divalent cations. The partition coefficients, Ki, of the positive ions increased with increasing matrix concentration and with decreasing ionic strength but with one exception the selectivity coefficient KCaNa = square root of KCa/KNa was close to unity, indicating nearly ideal Donnan distributions. The ionic diffusivities decreased very much like those of small neutral solutes with increasing matrix concentration and with one exception were relatively independent of ionic strength, The exception in both cases was low matrix concentrations and low ionic strengths for which the diffusivity of Ca2+ was an order of magnitude lower and selectivity coefficients were approximately 2. We conclude that at physiological ionic strengths and GAG concentrations the distributions of small ions are determined by simple electrostatic interactions, without binding or condensation, and the diffusivities are not affected by the electrostatic field. PMID- 3150816 TI - The theoretical distributions and diffusivities of small ions in chondroitin sulphate and hyaluronate. AB - The electrostatic interactions between polyionic glycosaminoglycans and small mobile ions are investigated using the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and a rod-in cell model of the polyelectrolyte. Calculations are made for the range of polyelectrolyte concentrations and buffer compositions for which measurements of ion distributions and diffusivities are reported in a companion paper (Maroudas et al., Biophys. Chem. 32 (1988) 257). We conclude that the distribution of mobile ions is largely determined by the 'far-field' potential and is adequately described by the Poisson-Boltzmann theory and also by more approximate theories such as ideal Donnan or 'condensation' theory. The measured variations in cation diffusivities, particularly the increase in diffusivity with increasing matrix concentration at low ionic strengths, are predicted qualitatively using an approximate diffusion theory together with the calculated potential fields. However, the same theory applied to anion diffusion gives qualitatively wrong results. PMID- 3150817 TI - Micturition in the unanesthetized rat: effects of intrathecal capsaicin, N vanillylnonanamide, 6-hydroxydopamine and 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. AB - Unanesthetized rats chronically implanted with vesical and intrathecal catheters were injected intrathecally (i.t.) with either capsaicin (CAP), N vanillylnonanamide (VN), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), or 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT). The volume-evoked micturition reflex was assessed by cystometrography before, and 2 h, 1 day and 7 days after injection. In control and vehicle injected rats, the infusion of saline into the bladder resulted in a periodic contraction of the bladder with synergic sphincter relaxation. One day after i.t. CAP and VN (70 micrograms each), 50% and 30% of the animals displayed a blockade of the micturition reflex, respectively. In these animals, the infusion of saline resulted in a gradual rise in bladder pressure up to a plateau (overflow pressure) equivalent to the predrug bladder opening pressure. When the plateau was reached, continuous dribbling of urine with no bladder contractions was observed. Most of the affected rats displayed some micturition responses by day 7. Following i.t. injection of 5,6-DHT (20 micrograms) or 6-OHDA (20 micrograms), the micturition reflex displayed small but significant increases in bladder volume with no changes in pressure profile. Small primary afferents, sensitive to the neurotoxic effects of CAP and VN appear to play a major tonic role in the regulation of the micturition reflex in unanesthetized rats. Serotonergic and adrenergic descending pathways might play a role in the maintenance of resting bladder tone. PMID- 3150818 TI - Inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced vasogenic brain edema by the non glucocorticoid 21-aminosteroid U74006F. AB - The effects of the novel non-glucocorticoid 21-aminosteroid U74006F on arachidonic acid (AA)-induced vasogenic brain edema were examined in rats. Vasogenic edema was assessed in terms of the extent of Evan's blue extravasation after subcortical micro-injection of AA indicative of blood-brain barrier disruption. U74006F, given i.v. at 15 min before the AA, produced a dose-related reduction in the area of subsequent Evan's blue staining measured in a coronal brain cross-section through the injection site. The highest dose tested (1.0 mg/kg) resulted in a 65% decrease in the area of blood-brain barrier disruption in comparison to that seen in vehicle-treated animals (P less than 0.0001). The mechanism of the anti-edema effect of U74006F is discussed in relation to the previously demonstrated ability of the compound to inhibit oxygen free radical mediated lipid peroxidation. PMID- 3150819 TI - Visualization of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine in rat brain by using specific antibodies. AB - L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) was conjugated to different protein carriers with glutaraldehyde (G). During the synthesis of the catecholamine conjugates, precautions were taken in order to preserve the structure of L-DOPA. Reduced and non-reduced conjugates were injected to rabbits according to a specific immunization protocol. Anti-L-DOPA antibody affinity and specificity were evaluated by using ELISA tests. The most immunoreactive compounds were the non reduced conjugate, L-DOPA = G = BSA and the reduced one, L-DOPA-G-BSA. The other conjugated catecholamines were poorly recognized or not at all. These antisera enabled us to specifically visualize the precursor of the catecholaminergic neurotransmitters which are: dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline in the G fixed rat brains. PMID- 3150820 TI - Neopterin and interferon gamma serum levels in renal allograft recipients. AB - In the follow-up of children receiving renal allografts the early differential diagnosis of infections and rejection episodes is the main problem. Serum levels of neopterin (N), a pteridine released from stimulated macrophages, was determined by radioimmunoassay. Also interferon-gamma (IF) serum levels, a marker of T lymphocyte activity, were determined with an immunoradiometric assay in 19 kidney-transplanted children. Both, infections and rejection episodes, are accompanied by distinct increases in N. The IF are elevated 1-3 days earlier than N, the median values during infections being significantly (p less than or equal to 0.001) higher than those during rejection crises. The routine measurement of N and IF allow the simple, quick and reliable monitoring of the immune status, which seems to be of a high relevance for the daily monitoring of transplant recipients. PMID- 3150821 TI - Spatial heterogeneity in patterns of human schistosomisis infection in the Zimbabwean highveld. PMID- 3150822 TI - Gonadotrophins, oestradiol and progesterone during the menstrual cycle in bulimia nervosa. AB - Gonadotrophins and gonadal hormones were studied during the menstrual cycle or during 5 weeks when no cycles occurred in 15 patients who were diagnosed as having bulimia by DSM III criteria. Nine healthy age-matched women served as controls. Based on plasma oestradiol (E2) values patients were divided into two groups. Group I (n = 8) did not show E2 increases greater than 444 pmol/l indicating that no follicular development took place. Group II showed normal follicular hormone production during the follicular phase but impaired progesterone (P4) levels during the luteal phase. Studies of episodic gonadotrophin secretion during the follicular phase revealed low average LH and FSH values and reduced amplitude but no significant changes of frequency in group I. Our data indicate that impaired follicular maturation as seen in about half of the bulimic patients is caused by impaired gonadotrophin secretion. PMID- 3150823 TI - The role of a highly sensitive amplified enzyme immunoassay for thyrotrophin in the evaluation of thyrotroph function in hypopituitary patients. AB - Using a highly sensitive amplified enzyme-linked immunoassay (AEIA) for thyrotrophin (TSH), we have assessed the ability of a single basal measurement of TSH to predict the subsequent response of TSH to TRH in a group of 11 patients with known pituitary pathology and some evidence of hypopituitarism. All patients were clinically euthyroid. Basal levels of AEIA-TSH ranged from less than 0.2 mU/l ('undetectable') to 0.9 mU/l; within this range there was no correlation with the subsequent TSH levels at 30 min in the TRH test. The TSH response in the TRH test did not correlate with the direct measurements of prevailing thyroid hormone levels (Total T4 or Free T4). We suggest that in patients with pituitary disease, the formal TRH test yields additional information regarding residual thyrotroph function that cannot reliably be predicted by a single basal TSH value, even when measured by a sensitive method. The current and potential thyroid status in patients with hypopituitarism must continue to rest on the overall picture provided by clinical assessment, direct measurement of thyroid hormones and the TRH test response. A basal TSH alone gives little useful information regarding thyroid status in such patients. PMID- 3150824 TI - Treatment of polycystic ovarian disease by inducing ovulation with pulsatile subcutaneous administration of human menopausal gonadotrophin associated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue. AB - Treatment with a combination of luteinizing hormone-releasing analogue (GnRHa, Buserelin) and pulsatile administration of hMG (Group I) were used to induce ovulation in nine patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO). The same patients were also treated with pulsatile hMG administration alone (Group II). Ovulation was observed in all twelve treatment cycles in Group I, and there were two pregnancies. In Group II, ovulation occurred in 22 of 26 treatment cycles. Ovarian hyperstimulation occurred in one cycle of Group I and in 5 of 26 cycles of Group II. The total dose per cycle of hMG to induce ovulation in Group I was significantly lower than that needed when only pulsatile hMG administration was used. In response to Buserelin administration, the concentrations of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) increased transiently and then declined to the normal range observed in the early follicular phase. The concentrations of FSH increased in response to hMG administration, resulting in a normal LH/FSH ratio. The present data demonstrated that pulsatile subcutaneous administration of hMG in addition to Buserelin was effective in inducing follicular maturation and ovulation in patients with PCO with a lower incidence of serious side-effects. PMID- 3150825 TI - Acute pituitary-ovarian response during chronic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist administration in polycystic ovarian syndrome. AB - The purpose of the study was to evaluate the acute effect of daily subcutaneous injections of the GnRH agonist Buserelin on serum concentration of LH (evaluated by radioimmunoassay (iLH), and by bioassay (bioLH], FSH, oestradiol and testosterone in 20 women with a diagnosis of polycystic ovarian disease (PCO). Buserelin was administered subcutaneously at the dose of 200 micrograms three times daily for 7 days followed by 500 micrograms once daily for a total treatment period of 6 months. Blood samples were drawn immediately before and 2, 4 and 6 h after the injection on the first day of treatment as well as after 1, 2, 3, 4, 12 and 24 weeks. The first injection of Buserelin induced statistically significant rises of iLH, bioLH and FSH as well as of 17 beta-oestradiol. The acute response of gonadotrophins was suppressed after 1 week but a partial recuperation of FSH and iLH responses was observed starting after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. No significant acute changes of bioLH or of 17 beta-oestradiol and testosterone could be seen. The persistence of a small but statistically significant pituitary response in the first hours following the daily injection of the peptide suggests a hyper-reactive state of the gonadotrophs in PCO patients. Such acute pituitary responses are not seen when a similar treatment is administered to endocrinologically normal women. This observation could be an argument in favour of an initial central defect in the pathogenesis of the syndrome. PMID- 3150826 TI - Gonadotrophin, growth hormone and prolactin secretion in children with primary hypothyroidism. AB - We have studied eight children with primary hypothyroidism (6F, 2M) aged 6.7 to 14.2 years. The girls were prepubertal and the boys had early normal pubertal development. Overnight secretion of LH, FSH, TSH, PRL and GH, and ovarian ultrasound morphology were assessed before and up to 9 months after commencing thyroxine treatment. Serum FSH concentrations in all the girls were increased above LH levels and severe hypothyroidism was associated with reduced GH secretion. These abnormalities reversed with thyroxine treatment. The boys had less severe hypothyroidism and did not demonstrate abnormal gonadotropin or GH secretion. We conclude that primary hypothyroidism in childhood is associated with widespread disturbance of pituitary function, including increased FSH secretion often without signs of early sexual maturation. PMID- 3150827 TI - Intramural esophageal pseudodiverticulosis. PMID- 3150828 TI - Lateral pharyngeal outpouchings: a comparison of dysphagic and asymptomatic patients. PMID- 3150829 TI - Oro-esophageal tube feeding: an alternative to nasogastric or gastrostomy tubes. PMID- 3150830 TI - [Hypertrophy of the anterior tubercula of the vertebral transversal process]. PMID- 3150831 TI - [Therapy of hepatic encephalopathy]. AB - The pathogenesis of the hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in spite of substantial progresses in this field still rests unclear. Actually four main hypotheses of the pathogenesis are discussed: the ammonia-hypothesis, the synergism-hypothesis, the hypothesis of the false neurotransmitters and that one of the changes of the normal neurotransmitters and their receptors. A connecting function seems to come up to ammonia. --Reduction of oral protein intake, selection of certain proteins, oral administration of nonabsorbable antibiotics and enemas should be used in order to prevent the intestinal absorption of toxic metabolic products. The parenteral nutrition has the therapy of HE substantially improved. Primarily, the patients receive special amino acid mixtures with a high content of branched chain amino acids and a low content of aromatic acids. The exchange of carbohydrate to some extent through fat improves the parenteral nutrition regime for these patients. The different liver support systems have failed to improve the prognosis of fulminant hepatic failure. PMID- 3150832 TI - [Metamizol-caffeine elimination in females with increased serum aminotransferase activities treated with steroidal oral contraceptives]. AB - The elimination of caffeine from the plasma and the excretion of the major metabolites of metamizol (AnalginR) in the urine was studied in 25 women on long term oral steroid contraceptives. Both tests allowed to draw conclusions about metabolic liver function. A steroid-induced delay of the elimination of caffeine in clinically healthy women with/without serologic elevation of aminotransferase activities was demonstrated. --We regard this as the consequence of an inhibition of the cytochrome P-450-dependent poly-functional oxidases of the P-450MC type, which was produced by oral contraceptives. The differences in the elimination of metamizol were not significant. PMID- 3150833 TI - Release and diffusion through human tooth roots in vitro of corticosteroid and tetracycline trace molecules from Ledermix paste. PMID- 3150834 TI - Effect of simultaneously administered iopanoic acid and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) on thyroid hormone metabolism in euthyroid subjects. AB - The cause of serum T4 elevation after iopanoic acid administration was searched in euthyroid subjects. 3 gr iopanoic acid was given per os to 9 healthy volunteers (group I), in other 5 volunteers a TRH test was performed prior to iopanoic acid administration (group II). In group I TSH, T4, FT4I and rT3 levels increased, in group II T3 and FT3I decreased, but no TSH, T4, FT4I increase was seen, obviously, because of the exhaustion of pituitary TSH content by TRH. On the ground of the findings T4 elevation caused by iopanoic acid is predominantly consequence of TSH release and not that of inhibited T4 conversion rate. PMID- 3150835 TI - Influence of some ergot alkaloids on the cerebral reduced glutathione. AB - Dose-related changes of the reduced glutathione were evaluated in forebrains from male Wistar rats aged 10 months after chronic i.p. treatment for two months with the ergot alkaloids dihydroergocristine and dihydroergocriptine. The results indicate that, within a specific dose-range, the concentration of the cerebral reduced glutathione may be modified by exogenous intervention. PMID- 3150836 TI - Flumazenil--the first benzodiazepine antagonist. PMID- 3150837 TI - Shear bond strength of a new dentin bonding restorative system. PMID- 3150838 TI - The parasite Trichospirura leptostoma associated with wasting disease in a colony of common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus. PMID- 3150839 TI - DNA 'fingerprinting' of captive family groups of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). PMID- 3150840 TI - [Interview with the Minister of Health and Consumer Affairs. Julian Garcia Vargas]. PMID- 3150841 TI - Porous hydroxyapatite granule implants in periodontal osseous defects in monkeys. PMID- 3150843 TI - The running talking therapy. PMID- 3150842 TI - Costs and benefits of prosthetic vascular surgery. AB - For a variety of reasons, primary amputation is often advised in the elderly individual with a severely ischemic leg. Reinforcing this recommendation is the perception that reconstructive arterial surgery in this group is far more expensive than the primary amputation. Living more than only one more year after amputation, professional nursing care cost approaches $100,000. In two recent studies, the cost for patients undergoing primary below the knee amputations plus rehabilitation was almost identical to the mean patient cost for arterial reconstruction. In addition, under the prospective payment systems, substantial financial loss accrues to hospitals caring for these patients. PMID- 3150844 TI - Changes in in vivo binding of 3H-Ro 15-1788 in mouse brain by reserpine. AB - The effects of reserpine on the in vivo binding of 3H-Ro 15-1788, (Ro 15 1788:ethyl 8-fluoro-5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-6-oxo-4H- imidazo[1,5a][1,4]benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate) a selective benzodiazepine antagonist, in the mouse brain were investigated. The biodistributions of tracer amounts of 3H-Ro 15-1788 in mice were significantly altered by pretreatment with reserpine (2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg, 24 h before the tracer administration). The time courses of radioactivity in the brain and the blood following i.v. injection of 3H-Ro 15-1788 with carrier Ro 15-1788 were not changed by pretreatment with reserpine, which suggested that the specific binding process might be altered by reserpine. The degree of alteration in the in vivo binding of 3H-Ro 15-1788 seemed to be dependent upon the dose of reserpine and the duration after the treatment of reserpine. The maximum changes in the biodistribution of 3H-Ro 15 1788 were observed at 1 day after injection of reserpine. The body temperature and the brain monoamine contents (dopamine, norepinephrine and 5 hydroxytryptamine) in mice were measured as indicators of pharmacological effects of reserpine, and good relationships to the degree of changes in the biodistribution of 3H-Ro 15-1788 and either the body temperature or brain monoamine contents, were observed. Furthermore, the changes in the biodistribution of 3H-Ro 15-1788 in the reserpinized mice were significantly suppressed by anti-depressant imipramine treatment. These results suggest that it would be possible to detect the in vivo drug interaction with brain benzodiazepine receptors in the living human brain using 11C-Ro 15-1788 and positron emission tomography (PET). PMID- 3150845 TI - Potential radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis of biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis: EHPG and HBED chelates of 67Ga and 111In. AB - Radiopharmaceuticals suitable for use in cases where delayed excretion of hepatobiliary tracer can occur, were formulated from indium-111 and gallium-67 and the chelating agents N,N'-ethylene-bis-[o-hydroxy-phenylglycine], (EHPG) and N,N'-bis-[2-hydroxybenzyl] ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid, (HBED). The hepatobiliary excretion of these 67Ga and 111In chelates was optimised by using chelators which had substituents in the phenolic ring; halogen substituents imparted the most favourable characteristics. PMID- 3150846 TI - Alpha interferon production in patients with hairy cell leukemia: correlations with disease activity and remission status. AB - Nineteen patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) were studied for in vitro production of alpha interferon (IFN alpha). The patients were divided into three groups. The first group consisted of 8 patients with active disease, all of whom showed a severe deficiency in IFN alpha production (no detectable titers in 6 and less than 40 units/ml in the other 2) compared to normal controls (range: 320 10,500 units/ml; median: 2,560 units/ml). The second group consisted of 6 patients who achieved a partial remission (PR) after IFN alpha treatment. These 6 patients had normal numbers of mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood, but still had deficient IFN alpha production (titers of IFN alpha were below 10 units/ml in 5 of the 6 patients). The third group consisted of 5 patients in complete remission (3 after IFN alpha treatment and 1 each after splenectomy and infection). This group had IFN alpha production that was not significantly different from that of controls 35 years or older (median: 640 units/ml; range 60 2,560 units/ml for patients vs. 1,513 units/ml; range 320-5,120 units/ml for controls; p greater than 0.05). These data show a direct relationship between the activity of HCL and the capacity to produce IFN alpha in vitro. The data also suggest that deficiency of endogenous production of IFN alpha may be relevant to the induction and sustenance of remissions in this disease and that relapses may be partly associated with failure to fully restore endogenous IFN alpha production. PMID- 3150847 TI - [Cell culture--its application in the study of hormone and endometrial carcinoma and feed-back to clinical medicine]. AB - By statistical study on 135 patients with endometrial carcinoma, it is clarified that the most effective prognostic factor of the cancer is the histological grading. Well differentiated type is best prognostic and possesses hormone receptors. Application of cell culture is one of the most suitable choices in the study of hormone and human endometrial carcinoma. Present paper is to show usefulness of in vitro study by taking example of the above theme. 1) Binding ability of endometrial carcinoma cells to estrogen: Being explained by Gurpide et al. by using HEC-1 cells, the ability is under control of cGMP and cAMP ratio. 2) Responses to estrogen: DNA polymerase alfa of Ishikawa cells which possesses both estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) is stimulated first showing peak at 18 hours and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is at 72 hours by E(2)10(-8)M, which is antagonized by OH-tamoxifen. PR level is also enhanced at its maximum after 3 day E2 treatment, and is analyzed by immunocytochemistry with PR mono-clonal antibody as well as biochemical assay. Gorski and Greene's theory that steroid receptor is localized in nuclei is confirmed in endometrial carcinoma. Growth of Ishikawa cells is apparently enhanced in the aspects of shortened cell cycle and unlimited saturation density. 3) Responses to progestogen: Nucleic acid syntheses of HEC-1 are immediately suppressed by progesterone (P) 2.5 microg or more. Electron microscopic findings show appearances of Golgi apparatus and lysosomal granules. Growth suppression is observed in the cell lines regardless of PR positivity. ALP activity of PR-negative HEC-50 cells PMID- 3150848 TI - [Control mechanism of FSH secretion from the pituitary]. AB - FSH secretion from the pituitary is now generally believed to be controlled only by LH-RH. However, since 1971 I have been publishing lines of evidence suggesting that FSH is controlled by both LH-RH and FSH-RH distinct from LH-RH. Recent accumulated reports suggest that lots of data cannot be explained by the one-RH theory. The one-RH theory means that both LH and FSH are regulated by a sole releasing factor, LH-RH. In 1985 we succeeded in purification of porcine and bovine follicular inhibin for the first time in the world. Its molecular weight was 32,000, which consisted of alpha-subunit (mw 20,000) and beta-subunit (mw 13,000). The site of production of inhibin was confirmed to be granulosa cell by immuno-histochemical technique and to be corpus luteum by RIA. Secretion of inhibin was stimulated by FSH, insulin, platelet extract, dibutyryl c-AMP, cholera toxin, forskolin, and inhibited by cortisol. Testosterone augmented FSH action. In the pituitary cells, inhibin inhibited synthesis of FSH, so cycloheximide could mimicked inhibin action in vitro. Inhibin did not inhibit LH release from the pituitary, but LH release stimulated by LH-RH was also inhibited by inhibin in vitro. Using anti-porcine inhibin antibody and anti bovine inhibin antibody prepared by us, we could measure blood inhibin levels during rat, pig, cow and goat sexual cycles, human menstrual cycle, human pregnancy, and clomiphene-HMG stimulated menstrual cycle. We found maximum blood inhibin levels in the luteal phase and during pregnancy. These high levels of inhibin were demonstrated to be derived from the corpus luteum, pregnant corpus luteum and placenta.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3150849 TI - Regulation of eicosanoid biosynthesis in vitro and in vivo by the marine natural product manoalide: a potent inactivator of venom phospholipases. AB - The marine natural produce manoalide has been reported to inactivate venom phospholipase A2 from several sources and phospholipase A2 from polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In this investigation, the regulation of eicosanoid production was studied both in an in vitro and in an in vivo model. The release of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 was inhibited by manoalide when cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (apparent IC50 = 0.23 microM), calcium ionophore A23187 (apparent IC50 = 0.23 microM) and zymosan (apparent IC50 = 0.18 microM). Leukotriene C4 production was inhibited by manoalide when macrophages were stimulated by A23187 (IC50 = 0.35 microM) but was enhanced when the cells were stimulated with zymosan. In an in vivo model, manoalide antagonized zymosan-induced peritoneal writhing in the mouse (ED50 = 0.71 mg/kg) and inhibited the i.p. release of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (ED50 = 0.2 mg/kg) and leukotriene C4 (ED50 = 0.24 mg/kg). Our results suggest that: 1) manoalide modifies arachidonic acid release and metabolism to prostaglandins and leukotrienes in mouse cultured peritoneal macrophages stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate, calcium ionophore A23187 and zymosan and 2) the analgesic properties of manoalide seem to be partially correlated with reduced eicosanoid production in zymosan-stimulated mouse peritoneal exudates. PMID- 3150850 TI - Withdrawal from diazepam substitutes for the discriminative stimulus properties of pentylenetetrazol. AB - Rats were trained to discriminate pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, an anxiogenic drug), 20.0 mg/kg, from saline using a food-maintained two-lever-choice task. When treated chronically with diazepam (DZP) and tested with the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist Ro 15-1788, withdrawal from DZP produced a PTZ-like stimulus in these subjects that was related directly to the dose of DZP given every 8 hr for 6 days. In contrast, only the highest dose of DZP (80 mg/kg/8 hr) given chronically produced even minimal physical signs of precipitated abstinence after Ro 15-1788. In a separate experiment, Ro 15-1788 produced a PTZ-like stimulus when given at 2-day intervals during chronic administration of DZP. In this experiment, rats were maintained on DZP, 40.0 mg/kg/6 hr for 14 days. These subjects were tested with Ro 15-1788, 40.0 mg/kg, every 2 days during days 6 through 14 of chronic DZP, and Ro 15-1788 substituted for PTZ on 4 of these 5 tests. Because these experiments involved periods of nontraining on the discrimination task, a final experiment was performed to test the stability of stimulus control in rats trained to detect PTZ. DZP was administered for up to 20 days, withdrawal was precipitated by Ro 15-1788 and after an additional 16 to 40 days of nontraining, stimulus control was tested. There was no significant decline in stimulus control over this period. These results suggest that PTZ discrimination provides a sensitive, stable assay for the detection of withdrawal from benzodiazepine dependence. PMID- 3150851 TI - [Isolated subcutaneous abscesses caused by tuberculosis]. PMID- 3150853 TI - [Theoretical studies of the electrostatic interactions in aspartic proteinases, intramolecular interactions in pepsin and penicillopepsin]. AB - A semi-empirical approach has been used to estimate the intramolecular electrostatic interactions in pepsin and penicillopepsin. The pH-dependence of the free energy electrostatic term was calculated, and the pH-dependence of the domain interactions has been estimated. As it was shown, the contribution of electrostatic interactions is rather small for the stabilization of the native structure. At the same time the electrostatic repulsion between domains increases with the increase of pH. The later can be the cause of the alkaline denaturation of pepsin and domain mobility. PMID- 3150852 TI - The molecular basis of growth hormone deficiency. AB - A well-known law states that 'if a thing can go wrong it will go wrong'. This clearly applies to the hypothalamic-pituitary-somatic axis as to many other physiological and biochemical systems. Defects of this axis, giving rise to stunted growth, can occur at several different points, as has been discussed in detail in this review. Defects at the level of the brain can lead to inadequate production or secretion of the factors that control growth hormone secretion. Defects at the level of the pituitary can lead to failure to produce or secrete adequate quantities of growth hormone, or to production of inactive hormone. Defects at the level of target organs can lead to inability to respond to growth hormone or somatomedins. The axis involved in the production and effects of growth hormone is a complex one, and defects have been identified at most of the points that 'could go wrong', although in many cases the molecular details are far from fully understood. Increased understanding of the biochemistry and physiology of the hormonal control of growth, and of the impairments to which it is subject, should provide an improved basis for treatment of growth defects. Nevertheless, there remain many points at which our knowledge is very incomplete. The field is a rapidly moving one and further developments in both basic understanding and clinical treatment are to be expected during the next few years. PMID- 3150854 TI - Serological evidence of self-limiting deep candidosis. PMID- 3150856 TI - [Immunohistochemical evaluation of blood group substances A, B and H of the gastric mucosa in patients with peptic ulcer and cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 3150855 TI - Association of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors with specific cellular elements in the basal ganglia of the cat: the uneven topography of dopamine receptors in the striatum is determined by intrinsic striatal cells, not nigrostriatal axons. AB - To ascertain the cellular associations of the D1 and D2 dopamine receptor subtypes in components of the basal ganglia, cats were prepared with unilateral, axon-sparing, ibotenic acid lesions of the striatum (n = 6) or lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine system by intranigral infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (n = 8). After 42 days survival, tissue sections from the brains were processed for quantitative, in vitro receptor autoradiography with [3H]SCH23390 (D1 radioligand) or [3H]spiroperidol (D2 radioligand). Lesion-induced changes in basal ganglia nuclei were assessed by comparing them to the corresponding nuclei on the intact side and in naive brains. Ibotenate lesions cause a decline in specific D1 and D2 receptor-binding in the area of the striatal lesion of 94% and 85%, respectively, and completely eliminate the uneven patterns of high- and low density binding that are characteristic of the cat's caudate nucleus. The globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus and pars reticulata of the substantia nigra also show marked reductions in binding after striatal ibotenate lesions. Thus, after caudate nucleus lesions, D2 binding in the two pallidal segments declines by approximately 50%, but remains unchanged in the substantia nigra. Binding of the D1 radioligand (which is not measurable in the globus pallidus) declines by about 75% in the affected regions of the entopeduncular nucleus and pars reticulata, and by about 30% in the pars compacta. Lesions of the nigral dopamine neurons reduce D2 receptor-binding by 95% in the pars compacta and 40% in the pars reticulata, but have no effect on the concentration of D1 or D2 radioligand binding in the striatum or pallidum. Moreover, such lesions failed to alter the uneven patterns of binding in the striatum. These data suggest that most, if not all, D1 receptors in the basal ganglia are associated with cells of the striatum and their axons in the entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra, and likewise, a large majority of D2 receptors are associated with striatal cells and their axons in pallidal structures. Nearly all D2 receptors in the substantia nigra are associated with dopamine neurons (autoreceptors). Finally, the heterogeneous patterns of D1 and D2 receptors in the striatum are a consequence of intrinsic neuronal distributions. PMID- 3150857 TI - [Use of gas chromatography in the detection of M. tuberculosis]. PMID- 3150858 TI - Development and application of a model for zinc metabolism in humans. AB - A model has been developed to describe zinc metabolism in humans. The model was developed from a series of studies in normal volunteers and patients with various clinical disorders. Zinc metabolism was studied with radiotracers for 9-12 mo before and after a daily oral zinc load of 100 mg. Data were analysed by compartmental analysis and a model was developed that consists of compartments for zinc in the gut, plasma, red blood cells, liver, muscle, bone and other tissues with excretion via urine and feces. Using the model parameters of zinc metabolism including absorption, tissue exchange, secretion and excretion have been determined, together with mass of zinc in tissues and in the whole body. The model has been used to identify five sites of long-term regulation of zinc metabolism in humans. These sites are absorption, excretion, exchange with red blood cells, release of zinc from muscle and secretion of zinc into gut. The model is currently being applied to several areas of nutrition including the effects of dietary fiber on zinc stores, the effects of aging on zinc metabolism and the zinc requirements of neonates. PMID- 3150859 TI - [Epiphrenic diverticulum. Study of 6 cases]. PMID- 3150860 TI - [Immunologic diagnosis of schistosomiasis in a case of portal hypertension]. PMID- 3150862 TI - [Nyctohemeral rhythm of cortisol and insulin in patients subjected to enteral and parenteral nutritional support]. PMID- 3150861 TI - [Cost effectiveness analysis of 3 alternative community programs in the preventive use of fluoride for dental caries prevention in Cataluna]. PMID- 3150863 TI - [Perforation of a duodenal diverticulum]. PMID- 3150864 TI - Selective IgA deficiency associated with Hunter syndrome. PMID- 3150866 TI - Immunopathology of human schistosomiasis mansoni. II. NK activity and stimulation by specific antigen. PMID- 3150865 TI - [Intradermal reaction with diluted antigen for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni: evaluation of sensitivity]. PMID- 3150867 TI - Esophageal manometry and vectorcardiography study of asymptomatic patients with Chagas' disease. PMID- 3150868 TI - [Chagas' disease: registry of an acute transfusional case]. PMID- 3150870 TI - [Verification of antagonism between larvae of Schistosoma mansoni and other Digenea in Biomphalaria tenagophila, a planorbid mollusc from a natural breeding in the region of Campinas, SP, Brazil]. PMID- 3150869 TI - [Systematized anatomopathologic study of the encephalon in patients with chronic Chagas' disease with sudden death]. PMID- 3150871 TI - Quality assessment studies in the U.S.A. PMID- 3150872 TI - [Malnutrition--disease or punishment]. AB - The starting point for this study is the Family Life Training Programme, which is a nutrition Programme placed in the Kenyan Ministry of Culture and Social Services. As part of an attempt to change the strategy of the programme, the Ministry carried out a nutrition study in four sublocations within two locations in Siaya District with Lwak nutrition center as a focal point. Siaya District is located in Nyanza Province near The Victoria Lake. The area is mainly populated by Luos, the third largest ethnic group in Kenya. The society is partrilineal whereby lineal descent occurs only through the male line. Rights of inheritance for land and stock goes from father to son. A mans status is reflected in his wealth, which is measured by the size of his production unit, the number of wives and children he has. Children are highly valued and many children are an ideal for women as well as men. It has been the aim of this research-project to elucidate the social, health-related and cultural background for the understanding of malnutrition in this area, with a view to demonstrating the importance of an integrated medical/cultural approach to the planning and implementation of health programmes. The study has worked with several research problems: one has been to shed light on the social/medical factors which are related to malnutrition in children under five in the studied areas as well as the extent of the problem. Another has been to shed light on the families own views of the medical concept of malnutrition and then choices of treatment when a child does not thrive. The study has aimed to clarify the "explanatory models" held by different practitioners within the"health care system". Perceptions of behaviour in connection with maintenance of health and prevention of sickness has also been part of the study and are elucidated in relation to childrens languishing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3150873 TI - Anti-cancer therapy with valine-depleted amino acid imbalance solution. AB - For the purpose of developing amino acid imbalance solution applicable to cancer treatment, we prepared seven kinds of amino acid imbalance solutions based on a 10% balanced amino acid solution and investigated the anti-tumor effects of each solution. The administration of valine-depleted amino acid solution for 8 days at a daily dose of 53 ml/rat (79.5 kcal/rat) resulted in the most significant inhibitory effects on the growth of hepatoma (AH109A) and mammary tumors (MRMT 1), the rate being 82.8% and 90.8%, respectively. Side effects observed were inhibition of increases in host body weight, weight loss of the spleen and thymus, loss of hair, and a decrease in the amounts of total plasma protein and albumin. When the daily dosage of valine-depleted amino acid solution was reduced to 40 ml/rat (58.3 kcal/rat), anti-tumor effects were still noticed, while side effects were abated. These findings indicate that side effects accompanying the use of this solution can be alleviated by controlling the ingredients of the solution as well as the amount administered. It is thus suggested that valine depleted amino acid imbalance solution is a valuable tool in the treatment of cancer. PMID- 3150874 TI - Medical costs of nonsmoking women and children in a town of Miyagi. AB - To know the differences in utilization of medical care and medical costs among children and nonsmoking women depending on the states of smoking of other household members, the records of a health survey conducted in a town of Miyagi in 1987 were linked to the medical insurance records. The rates of medical care use and medical costs among nonsmoking women in nonsmoking households were almost the same as those in smoking households. Children in smoking households had medical care more often than those in nonsmoking households (74.1% vs. 56.4%) and the difference in the medical costs was also observed (Y33,713 vs. Y26,558). The costs were almost correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked in the home. PMID- 3150875 TI - [Rhesus antibody study in the forensic medical expertise of blood stains]. PMID- 3150876 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of the interaction between host cells and Trypanosoma cruzi in experimental chagomas. AB - The initial interaction between infective forms of Trypanosoma cruzi and host cells in vivo was studied at the ultrastructural level. In order to follow these events, T. cruzi bloodstream forms were inoculated into the cheek-pouch of hamsters--a peculiar region devoid of lymphatic vessels. This region was chosen as injection site because, unlike other regions, trypanosomes remained there and multiplied locally up to 15 days after inoculation. Parasites were detected initially outside cells or inside neutrophils. Only after the first week following inoculation were developing and multiplying trypanosomes seen inside macrophages or other resident cells. Parasites persisted until 15-20 days after inoculation, but by about the 28th day they were no longer seen. PMID- 3150877 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: advantages of isolating bloodstream trypomastigotes by the carboxy methyl cellulose method. AB - Bloodstream trypomastigotes were isolated from blood of A/Sn mice 7 d after infection with 10(5) Trypanosoma cruzi Y strain. Red blood cells were removed by centrifugation and hypotonic shock and platelets and leucocytes by passage through a carboxy methyl cellulose column. Binding of trypomastigotes to the resin was prevented by including 10% normal mouse serum in the eluting buffer. In such conditions, more than 90% of the parasites applied to the column were recovered, free of white blood cells and platelets. A comparative study of the pre- and post-separation trypomastigotes showed that both had the same infecting capacity, ability to evade destruction by the complement system, and antigenic profile. PMID- 3150879 TI - Rectal snips in the diagnosis of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. PMID- 3150878 TI - A comparison of the efficacy and side effects of various regimens of praziquantel for the treatment of schistosomiasis. PMID- 3150880 TI - The impact of milk and weaning diet on gastrointestinal permeability in English and Gambian infants. AB - To test the hypothesis that cow's milk formula and weaning diet may damage the gut mucosa, the gastrointestinal permeability of 77 healthy English and Gambian infants was measured from the urinary recovery of the markers lactulose and mannitol included in feeds. All infants were born at term and studied at 6, 12 and 18 weeks of age. No infant developed diarrhoea or failed to thrive. Infants fed on cow's milk formula had higher urinary lactulose: mannitol excretion ratios than breast-fed infants at 6 weeks of life (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in the urinary marker excretion ratios of English formula fed and Gambian breast-fed infants at 12 weeks. An increase in urinary lactulose: mannitol excretion ratios was seen in all infants at 18 weeks. This was more probably due to increasing age than to the introduction of weaning diet. Cow's milk formula feeding was associated with greater intestinal permeability than breast feeding in infants aged 6 weeks. The introduction of weaning diet after 6 weeks did not appear to have an impact on the gastrointestinal permeability of healthy growing infants born in either England or rural Gambia. PMID- 3150881 TI - Archaebacteria coming of age. PMID- 3150882 TI - Cell-free assays and the mechanism of receptor-mediated endocytosis. PMID- 3150883 TI - Discovery of heterotrophic carbon dioxide utilization. PMID- 3150884 TI - Further evidence that bovine IgM does not fix guinea pig complement. AB - In a study of sera from cattle vaccinated with 3 X 10(10) cfu of Brucella abortus strain 19, it was found that IgG1 antibody measured by an indirect ELISA was the only isotype to correlate with standard complement fixing antibody titers using heated serum samples and guinea pig serum as a source of complement. A supplement of normal unheated bovine serum resulted in IgM fixing guinea pig complement, giving data similar to those obtained with unheated serum in the complement fixation test. PMID- 3150885 TI - Antibody isotype response in adult cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus S19. AB - In a chronological study of sera collected from eight adult cattle vaccinated with 3 X 10(-10) cfu of Brucella abortus S19, antibody of each of the four major isotypes was measured by indirect enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and by direct and modified complement fixation tests (CFT). Six of the cattle gave antibody responses to the vaccine strain that commenced between days 5 and 8 for all the isotypes in the ELISA, peaked by 1 to 4 months and then declined to low levels by 10 months. Direct CFT and modified CFT titers were measurable by 7 or 8 days post vaccination, and peaked by 1 month; direct CFT titers disappeared by 5 months while the modified CFT titers lingered for 10 months. Two animals gave cyclical direct CFT and modified CFT antibody responses, a cyclical IgG1 response, a low IgG2 and an elevated IgA response. The amplitude of the cycles was uniform over three cycles while the wavelength increased with time. A year post-vaccination, B. abortus S19 was isolated twice from milk from one of the animals (no attempt was made to culture B. abortus from the other). Sera from B. abortus naturally infected cattle were analysed for comparison. PMID- 3150886 TI - Chemotactic and chemokinetic activity of Streptococcus faecalis culture supernatant for equine neutrophils. AB - Although equine neutrophils did not respond towards formylated methionyl peptides, Streptococcus faecalis culture supernatant caused an in vitro stimulation of equine neutrophil motility when measured by an under-agarose assay. The migration of neutrophils towards the culture supernatant increased sigmoidally with the logarithmic concentration of the culture supernatant in the chemoattractant wells. The streptococcal culture supernatant was chemokinetic because it stimulated the random motility of the phagocytes. Because granulocytes migrated further towards the supernatant than could be explained by the chemokinetic activity of the bacterial products, the streptococcal culture fluid also exerted a chemotactic effect on the leukocytes. The chemotactic activity of the supernatant was further confirmed by the changes in the orientation of the migrating cells during incubation. These results indicate that bacteria produce cytotaxins other than formylmethionyl peptides which are recognized by equine neutrophils. PMID- 3150887 TI - Humoral and cellular parameters of the immune system of Cebus apella monkeys. Cross reactivity between monkey and human immunoglobulins. AB - The humoral and cellular immunological parameters of the New World non-human primate Cebus apella were analysed. The study included: serum protein immunoelectrophoretic analysis; cross reactivity between monkey and human immunoglobulins by immunoprecipitation, ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence tests; immunoglobulin quantitation by radial immunodiffusion; and assays with peripheral blood lymphocytes involving tests for E and EAC rosettes and detection of surface markers (surface immunoglobulins and CD4-CD8 antigens). The results obtained showed that (a) at least three immunoglobulins with electrophoretic mobility corresponding to IgG, IgA and IgM which showed cross reactivity with the human ones were present in serum; (b) it was possible to evaluate the relative monkey immunoglobulin concentration using specific antibodies against human immunoglobulins and to obtain absolute values using adequate conversion factors; (c) lymphocytes forming E and EAC rosettes were found in peripheral blood in a similar proportion to that reported in man; (d) lymphocyte surface immunoglobulins were detected using anti-human immunoglobulin serum; (e) it was not possible to demonstrate the presence of T helper and T suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes using OK T4 and OK T8 monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3150888 TI - Ovulation monitored by serum 17 beta-estradiol and ultrasound: differential ovarian response to human gonadotropins in various anovulatory states. AB - Ovulation induction with human gonadotropins (hMG or pFSH and hCG) was simultaneously monitored with daily serum 17 beta-estradiol measurements and ultrasound in 38 infertile women. They were subgrouped as follows: A, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (n. 7); B, polycystic ovary syndrome (n. 13); C, non-PCO chronic anovulation (n. 6); D, unexplained infertility (n. 12). The dose of hMG and the duration of therapy were assessed individually depending on the results of the monitoring when serum estradiol concentration was 500-1500 pg/ml and/or ultrasound showed of a follicle of at least 18 mm, hMG was stopped and hCG was administered 36 hours later. Ovulation was obtained in 61 cases and pregnancy occurred in 12 women out of 64 monitored cycles. The highest pregnancy rate was observed in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; this group also required the greatest total dose of hMG to obtain ovulation. We confirm that women with PCOS are at increased risk with this therapy, since 5 subjects in our series showed signs of ovarian hyperstimulation in spite of the lowest total dose of FSH administered to this group. We conclude that anovulatory states of various origin are associated with different ovarian sensitivity. PMID- 3150889 TI - [Problems of children with hemolytic disease of the newborn, caused by Rh and ABO blood group incompatibility, treated by exchange transfusion]. PMID- 3150891 TI - [Analysis of the ferritin level of the amniotic fluid in the diagnosis of Rh isoimmunization]. PMID- 3150890 TI - [Rarely occurring forms of Rh incompatibilities]. PMID- 3150892 TI - [Analysis of the causes of death among newborn infants with hemolytic disease caused by Rh isoimmunization]. PMID- 3150894 TI - [Serologic incompatibility in a newborn infant caused by antigen C of the RH-HR blood-group system]. PMID- 3150893 TI - [Evaluation of psychosomatic development and selected laboratory parameters of infants treated by exchange transfusion for serologic incompatibility]. PMID- 3150895 TI - [Effectiveness of the treatment of Rh serologic incompatibility by plasmapheresis]. PMID- 3150896 TI - [Rh isoimmunization among the cases at the Clinic of Pregnancy and Labor Pathology of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Pomeranian Medical Academy in Szczecin]. PMID- 3150897 TI - [Effectiveness of the treatment of severe cases of fetal erythroblastosis by intrauterine blood transfusion]. PMID- 3150898 TI - [Participation of the I Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Academy, in Wroclaw in the activities of the Center of Immunopathology of Pregnancy. The first exchange transfusion in Poland]. PMID- 3150899 TI - [Infection risk factors in newborn infants with fetal erythroblastosis]. PMID- 3150900 TI - [Prevention of fetal erythroblastosis with anti-D immunoglobulin]. PMID- 3150901 TI - Pre-B cells and B lymphocytes in human cord blood and adult peripheral blood. PMID- 3150902 TI - Immunoreactive polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase in complex with alpha 1 antitrypsin in Kawasaki disease. PMID- 3150903 TI - Clinical significance of lymphokine-activated killer activity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3150904 TI - Growth and maturation in the male genitalia from birth to adolescence. I. Change of testicular volume. PMID- 3150905 TI - Growth and maturation in the male genitalia from birth to adolescence. II. Change of penile length. PMID- 3150906 TI - Growth of Japanese fetuses--analysis from the viewpoint of population and biological growth curves. PMID- 3150907 TI - Behavioural deviance in Japanese children attending school in England. PMID- 3150908 TI - Comparison of Q(R) to T peak time in right and left precordial leads in children. PMID- 3150909 TI - Auditory brainstem response in Leigh's syndrome. PMID- 3150911 TI - Correlative study of radioreceptor assay and radioimmunoassay of serum growth hormone (GH): screening for bioinactive GH in short statures. PMID- 3150910 TI - Changes in renal excretions of electrolytes upon an orthostatic postural change in chronic glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3150912 TI - A case of pelvic osteomyelitis. PMID- 3150913 TI - Pyogenic liver abscess due to Bacteroides fragilis. PMID- 3150914 TI - Inhibitory effect of disodium EDTA upon the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis in vitro: relation to infection prophylaxis of Hickman catheters. AB - Granulocytopenic patients with an intravascular catheter are at increased risk for infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis. During the intervals when the catheters are not being used for infusions, it is customary to maintain patency of the catheter lumen with a solution containing heparin. We show that heparin does not inhibit the growth of S. epidermidis isolated from the catheter of an infected patient. A 20-mg/ml solution of disodium EDTA, a chelating agent which effectively anticoagulates blood at this concentration, was shown to be bactericidal for an initial inoculum of 10(3) CFU of staphylococci per ml in 24 h. Vancomycin, an antibiotic which is often employed to treat Staphylococcus infections, was also bactericidal for initial inocula of 10(3) CFU/ml at doses of 6.7 micrograms/ml, a drug concentration in the therapeutic range. When 10(3) staphylococci per ml were cultured in the presence of catheter segments and disodium EDTA or vancomycin, subcultures of the catheters showed minimal or no growth, respectively. In contrast, when cultured with heparin alone, subcultures showed abundant growth. In view of its low cost, effectiveness as an anticoagulant, and bactericidal activity, EDTA should be studied as a replacement for heparin solutions for the maintenance of intravenous catheters in granulocytopenic patients. PMID- 3150916 TI - In vitro activities of ofloxacin and four other new quinoline-carboxylic acids against Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - The in vitro activities of five new quinoline-carboxylic acids against 2 reference strains and 45 clinical isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis of genital origin were compared with the activities of minocycline and doxycycline. Ofloxacin was the third most active agent (after the two tetracyclines), followed by ciprofloxacin, NY-198, and AM-833. PMID- 3150915 TI - In vitro activity of E-1040, a novel cephalosporin with potent activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The in vitro activity of E-1040 [(6R,7R)-3-[(4-carbamoyl-1-quinuclidinio)methyl] 7-[2-(5-amino-1,2 ,4- thiadiazol-3-yl)-(Z)-2-methoxyiminoacetoamido]-8-oxo-5-thia 1- azabicyclo(4,2,0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate], a novel cephalosporin, was compared with that of ceftazidime, cefpirome, cefepime, imipenem, and gentamicin. E-1040 inhibited 50% of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Haemophilus and Neisseria species at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml, and the MIC for 90% of strains tested ranged from 0.06 to 2 micrograms/ml. It was two- to fourfold more active than ceftazidime and similar in activity to cefepime and cefpirome. It inhibited Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia, and Morganella species that were resistant to ceftazidime. E-1040 inhibited imipenem-, piperacillin-, aztreonam-, and tobramycin-resistant P. aeruginosa. It was less active against Xanthomonas maltophilia and P. cepacia but inhibited other Pseudomonas species. The activity of E-1040 against staphylococci and hemolytic streptococci was similar to that of ceftazidime, but E-1040 was less active than cefepime and cefpirome. It did not inhibit Bacteroides spp. There was no inoculum effect or medium effect, and MBCs were within a dilution of MICs. Plasmid beta-lactamases TEM-1, TEM-2, TEM-3 (CTX-1), SHV-1, Staphylococcus aureus, PSE, and CARB did not hydrolyze E-1040. Chromosomal beta-lactamases P99 and K-1 did not hydrolyze E-1040; E-1040 had poor affinity for these enzymes, with a Ki of greater than 100 microM. PMID- 3150917 TI - Repeated mass treatment of schistosomiasis mansoni: experience in hyperendemic areas of Brazil. II. Micro-level evaluation of results. AB - As shown by a recent survey in northeast Brazil, an overall (macro-level) assessment of control campaigns for schistosomiasis mansoni will tend to ignore localized variations in endemicity, thus resulting in misleading information. Evaluation on a micro-level, on the other hand, allows the identification of individuals who, despite repeated courses of chemotherapy, continue to present substantial reinfection rates. Such cases occur in a definite spatial pattern, which in turn points to the localization of residual foci of transmission. It is believed that in the absence of wide-reaching social investments the control of schistosomiasis by means of mass treatment will not be successful, unless a policy of targeted action, both in chemotherapy as well as snail control, is adopted. Obviously, the search for these reinfection clusters will require the development of sampling techniques suitable for wide-scale use. PMID- 3150918 TI - Effect of granulocyte inhibitory factor on granuloma formation in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Mononuclear cells from patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni were able to produce a soluble material that inhibited the granulocyte cytotoxicity against schistosomula in a complement-dependent killing assay. This granulocyte inhibitory factor (GIF) appears to exist preformed in the mononuclear cells of patients, but it can also be released in the supernatant after antigenic stimulation (lymphokine-like). Only T lymphocytes were able to mediate the inhibition of granulocyte cytotoxicity against schistosomula in vitro. The treatment of S. mansoni-infected mice with GIF induced a significant decrease in the liver granuloma size. PMID- 3150919 TI - The effect of antimicrobial agents on Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from sporadical cases and nosocomial infections. PMID- 3150920 TI - Quantitative profile of cardiolipin and group treponemal IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies in syphilis assayed by radial immunodiffusion technique. PMID- 3150921 TI - Effects of glycosaminoglycans on in vitro mouse dental cells. AB - Trypsin-dissociated dental papillae and enamel organs removed from the first lower molars of day-18 and day-19 mouse embryos were cultivated for 2 to 4 days on Millipore filters in DMEM supplemented with 15 per cent fetal calf serum and chondroitin sulphate and hyaluronic acid, individually or together. Three concentrations of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were also added to the media (01, 0.2, 0.4 mg/ml). Control cultures were made in the absence of GAGs, and additional experiments performed in which the presence of GAGs was associated with serum-free medium. Elongated and polarized odontoblasts showing synthetic activity were only observed in the presence of serum containing medium supplemented with 0.1 or 0.2 mg/ml of the GAGs. [3H]-thymidine autoradiography demonstrated that these cells were already post-mitotic at the onset of the culture. Polarized ameloblasts were never observed. These data provide evidence that GAGs are able to maintain the polarized state of cultured odontoblasts. PMID- 3150922 TI - The status of sulphated isomers of glycosaminoglycans in fluorosed human teeth. AB - Fluorosed human teeth have lower concentrations of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) disaccharides and an increased dermatan sulphate content. Teeth from subjects with a high fluoride intake have a higher ratio of 4-sulphated to 6-sulphated GAGs. Increased dermatan sulphate may be an important factor in the clinical manifestations of fluorosis. PMID- 3150923 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis: an editorial perspective based on cytokine imbalance. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjogren's syndrome (SS) are distinct systemic rheumatic and autoimmune diseases with overlapping clinical features and laboratory findings. Although the majority of patients fit the textbook descriptions of these disorders, there are occasional patients whose illness defies precise diagnostic classification. Examples are mixed connective tissue disease, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic vasculitis, and the overlap SS/SLE syndrome with anti-Ro autoantibodies [1]. Cytokine abnormalities are prominent in all rheumatic diseases. This editorial focuses on cytokine abnormalities in RA and particularly in the rheumatoid synovium, but because of these disease interrelationships has implications for SS and SLE as well. The pathology in RA can be dominated by the systemic features, particularly when rheumatoid lung, severe vasculitis or Felty's syndrome are present. Rheumatoid factor was the first autoantibody to be extensively studied from functional, pathological and immunogenetic aspects. For most patients, however, joint inflammation with its predilection to progress to joint destruction comes to dominate the clinical picture. For the clinical immunologist, the ability to study synovial fluid and cells offers an investigative opportunity not generally found in other rheumatic diseases, i.e. to take measurements where the action is, directly at the site of autoimmune attack. Careful histopathologic studies performed decades ago are the basis for our understanding of immunopathogenic events in the rheumatoid synovium. These studies highlight the intense chronic inflammatory activity with activated macrophages, lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration, germinal center formation, and tissue destruction. Local production of rheumatoid factor and immune complexes, as well as complement consumption, were demonstrated 20 years ago in an investigative era dominated by humoral immunity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3150924 TI - Failure to prolong pancreatic islet allograft survival in rats with donor specific blood transfusions and immunosuppression. AB - The effects on pancreatic islet allograft survival of donor-specific blood transfusions (DST) in combination with pre- and posttransplant immunosuppression were studied. A total of 12 groups of rats (n = 105) with chemically induced diabetes underwent islet allotransplantation. Multiple DST or third-party blood transfusions (TPT) were given prior to transplantation. Pretransplant immunosuppression consisted of azathioprine and prednisolone, and low-dose cyclosporin A was used for posttransplant immunosuppression. TPT, as well as separate or combined pre- and posttransplant immunosuppression without blood transfusions, did not prolong islet allograft survival. DST resulted in either primary nonfunction of the islet allografts or a markedly decreased islet allograft survival. These findings contrast with the beneficial effect of DST on whole-organ allograft survival in rats previously described by others. PMID- 3150926 TI - Lithium augmentation for treatment-resistant depression in the elderly. AB - Lithium has been used successfully to enhance the effectiveness of tricyclic and other antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and combinations of antipsychotics and antidepressants. The safety and efficacy of adding lithium to the treatment regimen was examined in 14 elderly patients with refractory depression. Seven of the 14 had a complete recovery, and three showed a partial response. Side effects, including peripheral weakness, severe fine tremor, and neurotoxicity, necessitated the discontinuation of lithium in three patients. In two other patients with side effects, lower dosages of lithium relieved their symptoms. Lithium augmentation appears to be a promising treatment for geriatric depressed patients who are unresponsive to or cannot tolerate other standard therapies. PMID- 3150927 TI - Arc therapy dose perturbation due to the center bar in a Clinac 4/100 couch assembly. AB - Dose changes due to an isocentric arc beam intercepted by a metallic centerspine bar of the treatment couch assembly in a Clinac 4/100 are investigated. For taking experimental data a cylindrical phantom, fitted with a PTW ion chamber at its center, was placed on the treatment couch above the bar and irradiated. Measurements were taken at the isocenter for a 60 degree rotation of the source for different collimator settings. A simple theory which makes use of the measured attenuation values for the 4 MV beam in the metallic bar is proposed. A good agreement between the calculated doses and experimental observations have been found suggesting that the model could be used to estimate doses in clinical situations. The influence of the bar in the plane of rotation is qualitatively analyzed by mapping isodoses using exposed films. PMID- 3150925 TI - A modular arrangement of neuronal processes in human cortex: disruption with aging and in Alzheimer's disease. AB - Studies were undertaken to assess whether or not neuron-specific immunostaining of the human brain can reveal unique cytoarchitectural features that may be affected by healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Human prefrontal cortex (PFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were stained with an antibody raised against the neurofilament protein 200,000 molecular weight subunit (NFP-200) using an avidin-biotin immunolocalization procedure. Immunostaining of cortex was neuron-specific and highlighted axons in particular. This staining has revealed an orderly arrangement of horizontal and vertical axon bundles which form latticelike compartments or modules throughout most of the matrix of the two cortical areas studied. The ACC shows this pattern to be intact in individuals through the ninth decade, while the PFC there was blurring of the modularity beyond the fifth decade. Irrespective of the age-related blurring of the latticelike arrangement of axons in PFC, neurologically normal elderly individuals nevertheless showed a highly organized appearance to the cortical matrix. By contrast, patients with AD showed a marked disruption of the modular arrangement of fibers in PFC, but not ACC. Differences between PFC fibers in controls and AD patients were also demonstrated with an axon-specific monoclonal antibody that reacted with phosphorylated epitopes of the NFP-200. The chaotic appearance of fiber staining in PFC seen in patients with AD was noted to be present in one subject who died in an early stage of the disease. The possible significance of this previously unknown aspect of cortical cytoarchitecture for normal cognitive functioning in humans is discussed. PMID- 3150928 TI - Fast neutron radiotherapy--an overview. AB - Fast neutron radiotherapy has been employed worldwide in the last two decades in the treatment of a variety of advanced malignancies. The basic principles behind neutron treatment will be summarized in this article, along with results to date of a number of clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness and toxicity of neutron radiotherapy. PMID- 3150929 TI - Separating output factor into collimator factor and phantom scatter factor for megavoltage photon calculations. AB - Output factor has been used in megavoltage dosage calculations because collimator factor and backscatter factor are considered individually indeterminable. Output factor reflects the normalized product of backscatter factor and collimator factor for the most common treatment geometry. A method has been found for independently measuring collimator factors for megavoltage photons. Using a build up cap of high density tissue equivalent material, we have measured the relative collimator factors for various units with photon energies up to 15 MV. Utilizing measured values for output factor and collimator factor relative backscatter factors have been determined. PMID- 3150930 TI - Polyethylene-lead tissue compensators for megavoltage radiotherapy. AB - Tissue compensators afford one the opportunity of producing idealized dose distributions in radiotherapy. We have developed a technique which may be used to produce fast, accurate and inexpensive compensators within a few minutes and requires minimal patient involvement. Three dimensional contour data is acquired using a moire fringe photograph taken at the time of simulation. The photograph is projected to the size needed for the actual compensator and a sketch of the compensator is made. The sketch is placed in a specially designed small portable pantographic unit and the design is traced while the unit cuts the compensator from an indexed polyethylene-lead blank which is premounted on an acrylic tray. The polyethylene-lead material proves to have an ideal combination of properties for compensator construction including relatively high density, ease of machining, good handling characteristics and low cost. PMID- 3150931 TI - Definitive treatment to pyriform sinus with minimum cord exposure--a case report. AB - In every Radiation Oncology Department there is a group of patients referred for curative radiotherapy and within this group of patients there is a subset of patients who present the most difficult of treatment scenarios, maximum tumor dose and minimum spinal cord dose. The case to be presented involved the use of a head and neck five field technique of which three fields were treated isocentrically with the remaining two fields being electron boosts. It is from these patients that we extend to the maximum our planning capabilities. PMID- 3150932 TI - External beam profiles measured with film or ionization chamber. AB - Radiation therapy beam profiles measured with an ionization chamber in a scanning water phantom are compared with profiles measured with a standard film dosimetry technique. An 18 cm field was filmed with 4 MV photons in a polystyrene phantom at depths of 1, 7, and 13 cm. The film was scanned with a scanning densitometer and the resulting profiles were converted to dose profiles with a sensitometric curve. To determine the effect of backscatter on the film a special phantom was constructed to eliminate the backscatter from the film measurement. This provided a comparison with the solid film phantom where full backscattering was present. The beam profiles measured with the film differed by less than 3% from the ionization chamber profiles and there was less than 1% difference between the film techniques. PMID- 3150933 TI - Stereotactic neutron radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations of the brain. AB - A technique employing single fraction neutron radiosurgery for treatment of intracranial vascular malformations has been developed at the University of Washington and is described in this report. The natural history of arteriovenous malformations of the brain is briefly reviewed, along with currently available therapeutic methods for treatment of these lesions. The characteristics of the neutron beam used for radiosurgery are described, along with methods for patient immobilization, radiation treatment planning, dosimetry, and delivery of treatment using this technique. PMID- 3150934 TI - The Clinac 4/80 attenuation and build up characteristics for Scotchcast casting material. PMID- 3150935 TI - Treatment of the chest wall. AB - Irradiation of the chest wall is sometimes given following radical or modified radical mastectomy. The aim of treatment planning in such cases is to deliver a uniform dose to a superficial layer of tissue a few centimeters thick with an acceptably low dose to underlying tissues, particularly the lung. Both tangential photon beams and appositional electron beams have been used for this purpose, the choice between them being determined by the radiation modalities available, the extent and thickness of the designated target volume and the curvature of the patient's contour in the region. In this paper we will consider a few examples of both types of treatment with emphasis on the use of multiple electron fields. Dose distributions for the following plans were calculated using the system developed at the Cross Cancer Institute in Edmonton. In this system electron dose calculations are based on the Fermi-Eyges theory of multiple Coulomb scattering using the programs developed by Hogstrom and his co-workers. PMID- 3150936 TI - Development of a translating bed for total body irradiation. AB - Total body irradiation is used to prepare a patient for bone marrow transplantation. Traditional techniques often sacrifice dose uniformity for patient comfort and ease of treatment. A method has been developed using a translational bed under a Cobalt 60 photon beam. The bed and controller were designed and built on site. A bolused patient lying in the bed is moved at constant speed through the beam. Using this technique, dose homogeneity is optimized by the use of bolus, extended source-skin distance, adequate field size and use of anterior/posterior fields. The dose rate represents a compromise between a value high enough to keep treatment times tolerable by the patient and one that is sufficiently low to avoid treatment complications. The value of 50 cGy/min which was used meets these requirements. Extensive phantom measurements have shown that the dose homogeneity can be obtained to within an acceptable limit of +/- 5%. PMID- 3150937 TI - Preparative electroelution of specific protein antigens from Mycoplasma pneumoniae: use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - A rapid, simple and preparative method is described for the recovery of the seven highest molecular weight proteins (HMWP) from Mycoplasma pneumoniae membrane. The yield of proteins obtained was approximately 90%. The method involved the separation of M. pneumoniae proteins by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), followed by electroelution of HMWP. These eluted antigens were used in an ELISA to measure IgG antibodies in sera from 9 blood donors and 9 patients with M. pneumoniae infection. The specificity of M. pneumoniae HMWP was examined by competition ELISA and immunoblotting with different mycoplasma species encountered in the respiratory tract. PMID- 3150938 TI - [Venous and capillary diffusion of Enterococcus faecalis during experimental bacteremia in the chicken]. AB - Capillary and venous diffusion of bacteria were studied in chickens after intravenous inoculation with a strain of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from a case of septicaemia in a human neonate. One group of 13 chickens was inoculated with 10(8) bacteria/animal and another group of 20 chickens with 10(7) bacteria/animal. The level of bacteraemia in the first group of chickens was similar in capillary and venous blood. With 10(8) E. faecalis, the clearance of bacteria was very weak. The level of bacteraemia in the second group was significantly higher (after 180 min) in capillary than in venous blood, which suggests slower bacterial clearance in capillary than in venous blood. However, clearance was more efficient with the inoculum of 10(7) E. faecalis than with the first type of inoculum. These experimental data confirm the greater sensitivity of capillary rather than venous sampling, which we have already observed in chickens, under similar experimental conditions, with Escherichia coli K12. Persistence of bacteria in the capillaries could account for the higher level of sensitivity of capillary microblood culture than venous blood culture, which is in agreement with the capillary trapping hypothesis of Knudson and Alden. PMID- 3150939 TI - Zonal turnover of cell poles of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Turnover of cell walls of Bacillus subtilis occurs in three distinct phases: a lag phase, a relatively rapid phase persisting for 2-3 generations and a much slower phase continuing for several additional generations. A lectin probe revealed that cell pole material was lost during the slow phase of turnover and that the loss of wall occurred in zones, beginning at the cylinder-pole junction and continuing to the cell tip. This is in contrast to cell wall turnover in cylinders where turnover occurs randomly at many surface sites. PMID- 3150941 TI - Assay for detection of adenosine phosphorylase from mycoplasmas. AB - A microtechnique is described which permits simple evaluation of the activity of the enzyme adenosine phosphorylase (AdoP), present in all mycoplasmas tested thus far. The good solubility and stability of AdoP and the sensitivity of the assay should be advantageous in detecting mycoplasmas in biological samples such as animal sera, cell cultures and vaccines. PMID- 3150940 TI - Gene heterogeneity for resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins in Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 3150942 TI - Chitosan as flocculant for concentrating Euglena gracilis cultures. AB - The practical criteria for the usefulness of an algal separation process for laboratory routine being effectiveness and time consumption, we tested the feasibility of a flocculation procedure to harvest large volumes of Euglena gracilis in culture. This procedure turned out to be a technically viable system which avoided tedious centrifugation and preserved E. gracilis flagellar apparatus integrity. E. gracilis cultures were treated with chitosan, a by product derived from chitin from the exoskeleton of crustaceans. Since this polymer carries a positive charge, it functions as a polycationic coagulating agent by adsorbing onto particles in suspension and by bridging together into agglomerates, or flocs. A 96-98% reduction of suspended cells in cultures with 200 mg/l of chitosan, at pH 7.5, was obtained. PMID- 3150943 TI - Plasma/intestinal concentration patterns suggestive of entero-portal recirculation of amino acids: effects of oral administration of asparaginase, glutaminase and tyrosinase immobilized by microencapsulation in artificial cells. AB - This study suggests the presence of an entero-portal recirculation of amino acids. Endogenous sources of amino acids are secreted at high concentration into the small intestine. Most of the amino acids are absorbed as the content passes down the small intestine. Plasma amino acid concentrations are on the average only 1-5% of the concentrations in the duodunum. This is true even in rats on 24 hours of water and sugar with no exogenous sources of amino acids. For example, the PLASMA:DUODENUM concentrations (mumole/litre) are: Asparagine 37:7164, Tyrosine 94:9579, and glutamine/histidine 409:9708. This entero-portal recirculation of amino acids means the potential of a method for specific depletion of body amino acids by oral ingestion of bioreactants like immobilized enzymes. Preliminary studies used artificial cells to immobilize asparaginase,glutaminase and tyrosinase by microencapsulation. Six hours after 1 oral administration, asparagine, glutamine and tyrosine in the ileum were lowered to 10% of the level of the control. Artificial cells containing no enzymes were used as the control. PMID- 3150944 TI - Alport's syndrome--an autoaggressive immunopathy? AB - Hereditary chronic nephritis, or Alport's syndrome, is a pathologically and clinically very inhomogeneous disease, the main features of which are hereditary nephropathy combined with deafness of varying degrees. Our experience with 18 patients from 6 families demonstrates the variability in the manifestation of the clinical defect syndromes with oculo-oto renal involvement. In the majority of our cases, terminal renal failure was diagnosed. 7 patients are undergoing chronic intermittent hemodialysis, and 4 patients survive with a kidney transplant. Following kidney transplantation, histological changes in the sense of a recurrent glomerulonephritis were demonstrated in some cases. The existence of prevailing histocompatibility antigen DR 7 serves as a clue to the possibility of an underlying immunologic disorder. We calculate a relative risk of 6.0. The HLA-D region controls the expression of surface antigens. They are responsible for the communication with lymphoid cells. Defect immune response genes in combination with missing reaction to autoantibodies against glomerular basement membrane may lead to an increase of susceptibility for the disease. PMID- 3150945 TI - Reflected pressure waves in the ascending aorta: effect of glyceryl trinitrate. AB - Reflected pressure waves returning to the ascending aorta are an important contribution to aortic systolic pressure and thus the load on the left ventricle. The effect of glyceryl trinitrate on pressure wave reflections in the ascending aorta was studied using the transmission of arterial pressure between two high fidelity pressure transducers. Glyceryl trinitrate 0.3 mg sublingually reduced systolic arterial pressure by 11 mmHg owing to a reduction of the late systolic pressure peak. Mean arterial pressure fell 2 mmHg, but heart rate and aortic flow did not change. The aortic input impedance was reduced at the first harmonic (control 18.4(4.1); glyceryl trinitrate 10.8(2.4) kPa.s.litre-1; p less than 0.005) but characteristic impedance was not changed (control 12.7(3.8); glyceryl trinitrate 14.2(3.3) kPa.s.litre-1). The first two harmonics of apparent phase velocity were reduced by glyceryl trinitrate (1.05 Hz: control 3314(798); glyceryl trinitrate 1772(495) cm.s-1; p less than 0.01; 2.1 Hz: control 1246(269); glyceryl trinitrate 754(127) cm.s-1; p less than 0.05), yet the foot to foot wave velocity was unchanged (control 688(112); glyceryl trinitrate 726(112) cm.s-1). There was a significant reduction in the amplitude of the global reflection coefficient at 1.05 Hz (control 0.70(0.09); glyceryl trinitrate 0.48(0.08); p less than 0.001) and at 2.1 Hz (control 0.48(0.07); glyceryl trinitrate 0.23(0.06); p less than 0.005) with no significant change in phase. Glyceryl trinitrate reduces cardiac pulsatile load by diminishing the amplitude of wave reflections arriving back in the aorta during systole yet has no effect on aortic compliance or arteriolar resistance. This study demonstrates a method of evaluating the effect of vasoactive drugs on cardiac pulsatile load. PMID- 3150946 TI - [Diagnostic proteins of 31/31 KD in Schistosoma japonicum: reactivity with patient sera and monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3150947 TI - [The reconformation of the existence of Lithoglyphopsis modestus (Gredler, 1886) in Hunan Province, China and its artificial infection with Schistosoma japonicum]. PMID- 3150948 TI - [A computer programme for automatic recognition of schistosome eggs]. PMID- 3150949 TI - [Effect of Pseudomonas jinanensis vaccine on pyquitoln treatment of murine schistosomiasis japonica]. PMID- 3150950 TI - Blockage of the positive feedback effect of oestradiol during prolonged administration of clomiphene citrate to normal women. AB - The effect of clomiphene citrate on the occurrence and timing of the endogenous LH surge in superovulated cycles is unclear. To study further this event, five normally ovulating women were treated with clomiphene citrate 100 mg per day in two different cycles, that is, for 5 days in one cycle (days 2 to 6, CC-5) and for 15 days in another cycle (days 2 to 16, CC-15). During the CC-5 cycle, the normal pattern of LH levels seen in spontaneous cycles was observed with an endogenous LH surge in all women followed by ovulation and normal luteal function. In contrast, during the CC-15 cycle, a continuous and progressive increase of basal LH levels was seen with no surge, resulting in follicular luteinization but no ovulation. The results suggest that in normal women treated with clomiphene the occurrence of an endogenous LH surge is dependent on a significant decrease in the circulatory concentration of clomiphene at mid-cycle. PMID- 3150951 TI - In vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against mycobacteria. AB - The aims of this study were to investigate the possible effects of new antimicrobial agents, the conventional antituberculosis drugs and several combinations of these agents against 190 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 30 of M. avium. PMID- 3150952 TI - Systemic perioperative prophylaxis in elective oncological colorectal surgery: cefotetan versus clindamicin plus aztreonam. AB - A prospective randomized study was performed with 65 patients undergoing elective surgery for colorectal cancer, to evaluate the prophylactic effect of two different parenteral antibiotic regimens. All patients underwent rigorous mechanical cleansing of the bowel (enemas, laxatives), received low-residue diet 3 days pre-operatively, and were given oral metronidazole (250 mg) five times a day for 3 days preoperatively. They were divided into two groups comparable in age, nutritional status and operative procedure. The patients in group A (36) received 2 g i.v. of cefotetan at induction of anaesthesia and two other administrations every 12 h. Patients in group B (29) were given clindamicin (600 mg, i.v.) at induction of anaesthesia plus aztreonam (1 g, i.v.); two other doses of the same combined antibiotics were administered every 8 h. Five patients were excluded from the study because they underwent Miles procedure; two others because they underwent explorative laparotomy only. The overall incidence of post operative septic complications was 6.9% (4/58). No significant differences were found in terms of the rate of surgical infections: 3.1 in group A (1/32) and 0% in group B. Urinary tract infections (1 case) and respiratory tract infections (2 cases) were observed only in group B: the rate was found to be 11.5% (3/26); two anastomotic leakages were observed in group A (6.25%) and one in group B (3.8%). These data suggest that cefotetan appears to be as effective as clindamicin plus aztreonam in prophylaxis against infection in elective colorectal surgery. PMID- 3150953 TI - Depolarization-evoked release of N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate from rat brain synaptosomes. AB - Depolarization by potassium and veratridine stimulated the release of N-acetyl-L aspartyl-L-glutamate from crude synaptosomes prepared from the rat mesencephalon and diencephalon. The potassium-evoked release of N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate was calcium-dependent and the stimulatory effect of veratridine was prevented by tetrodotoxin. PMID- 3150954 TI - Potent cyclo-oxygenase-mediated bronchoconstrictor effects of endothelin in the guinea-pig in vivo. PMID- 3150955 TI - Steroid and steroid regulating hormones in human male castrates. AB - Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulphate, 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, cortisol, LH, FSH and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were determined in 16 otherwise healthy male castrates, orchidectomized for the forensic reasons. Their hormone levels were compared with those, obtained in normal males of the same age category. There were found in the castrates decreased levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and androstenedione, unaltered concentrations of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone, whereas the levels of 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, both gonadotrophins and SHBG were increased. The results point to the importance of the selective increase of the incretory activity of the adrenal cortex in situations, when the gonadal function is impaired or missing. PMID- 3150956 TI - Effects of calcitonin, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 and trifluoperazine on thyrotropic secretion and their mutual interactions. AB - The effects of pharmacological doses of calcium ionophores, calcitonin and 1,25 (OH2)D3, and of the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine, on thyrotropin secretion at rest and TRH stimulated secretion were investigated as well as their mutual interactions in five groups of clinically healthy volunteers. The thyrotropic secretory response to TRH was inhibited by a single intravenous dose of 50 U synthetic salmon calcitonin or trifluoperazine administered by mouth seven days prior to the TRH test, 6-12 mg/day, and stimulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 administered by mouth four days before the TRH test -3 micrograms/day. The stimulating action of 1,25(OH)2D3 was abolished by calcitonin, administered by the intravenous route - 50 U - closely before the TRH test but not by the concomitant administration of trifluoperazine. The author expressed the hypothesis, that calcitonin and 1,25(OH)2D3 but not trifluoperazine and 1,25(OH)2D3 are mutual antagonists which act at the same subcellular level of the thyrotropic cell and that synthesis and activation of calmodulin is not the trigger of thyrotropic secretion after stimulation with 1,25(OH)2D3. An altered thyrotropin secretion must be foreseen during the therapeutic administration of the investigated calciotropic substances, the mutual interactions of which could be used in practice. PMID- 3150957 TI - Coincidence of gonadal dysgenesis and hyperprolactinemia. AB - It is reported about 4 female patients aged from 3 to 31 years (average age 18 years) with gonadal dysgenesis and hyperprolactinemia. Beside one all these females were not treated with synthetic sexual steroids. In 3 of the 4 patients both hyperprolactinemic and hypergonadotropic serum levels were observed. In one case the gonadotropic serum levels were normal. A stimulation test with GnRH-TRH or arginine-GnRH-TRH, respectively, was performed. In patients with gonadal dysgenesis a change on the area of hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis is supposed to cause the hyperprolactinemia. PMID- 3150958 TI - [Disappearance of collateral coronary vessels after administration of nitroglycerin. Report of a case]. AB - A patient with multiple stenotic lesions of the coronary arteries showed the disappearance of the collateral vessels following the injection of nitroglycerin into the coronary arteries. This paradoxical effect of the drug, which has not previously been reported, may be a consequence of the pressure changes in the distal coronary circulation. PMID- 3150959 TI - [Cardiocirculatory findings in a group of workers exposed to nitro derivatives. A pathogenetic hypothesis of withdrawal hazard]. AB - After briefly recalling the professional pathology characteristics of workers exposed to nitro derivatives and the perplexities surrounding the actual pathogenetic mechanism of the "Withdrawal hazard", the AA report the results of an investigation carried out among the workers of a dynamite producing plant. In the study, the NG and EGDN environmental levels were checked and the workers were submitted to ECG tracings, ECG D according to Holter, and monitoring of postural pressure changes both during exposure to the substances and during time-outs. The results obtained showed that the concentrations found in the plant were practically within the recommended TLV values, with no pathological modifications of the parameters examined. The AA put forward a pathogenetic hypothesis based on these findings and analyzing epidemiologic data on coronary sudden death as well as the mechanisms regarded as responsible for the disorders described in the literature in professionally exposed subjects. According to such hypothesis, the "Withdrawal hazard" (if any) would not be due to the cessation of the vasodilation effect of the nitro derivatives but would be a "rebound" phenomenon following the NG - and EGDN - inhalation induced stimulation to the production of endothelial prostaglandins, and of EDRF in particular, in exposed workers. The withdrawal of nitro derivatives inhalation would thus eliminate a vascular and coronary protection mechanism in the case of pathogenetic noxae at cardiovascular level. Such an interpretation would at last account for the time elapsing between cessation of work and occurrence of the disorders, which would not be justified by the cessation of the mere vasodilating action, since this wears out within a few hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3150961 TI - Generational equity and intergenerational policies. PMID- 3150960 TI - Conceptual and methodological problems in studying the effects of interdisciplinary geriatric teams. PMID- 3150962 TI - An analysis of 1987 state family leave legislation: implications for caregivers of the elderly. PMID- 3150963 TI - Special units for Alzheimer's disease patients: a critical look. PMID- 3150965 TI - Hispanic and non-Hispanic elderly on admission to the nursing home: a pilot study. PMID- 3150964 TI - Failure to thrive in older persons: a concept derived. PMID- 3150966 TI - Institutional and home-based long-term care alternatives: the 1965-1985 Swedish experience. PMID- 3150967 TI - [Determination of mannitol concentrations in plasma by colorimetry]. PMID- 3150968 TI - Patterns of responses to alternative medicines in controlling allergic conjunctivitis. PMID- 3150969 TI - The use of waters with a low saline content (oligomineral waters) in the feeding of babies. AB - The problem of the dilution of foodstuffs for early infancy is discussed, with particular reference to artificial milks. The authors briefly consider the influence of calcium salts in the course of curdling, both for milks enriched with such salts and in diluted milks, as well as the importance of a correct well dosed saline content in the diet for the early stages of infancy. They then control experimentally, using scalar dilutions (1:100; 1:1000; 1:5000) of pepsin at a known titre, the coagulation of commercial powdered milk and of fresh cow's milk, diluted with various types of mineral waters (chlorinated-sodic oligomineral water; bicarbonate-calcic oligomineral water; bicarbonate-alkaline terrous mineral water). PMID- 3150970 TI - Stimulatory effects of anti-rheumatic drugs on human neutrophil functions. AB - Auranofin (AF), D-penicillamine (D-pen) and thiola are prescribed as disease modifying drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We have shown here that auranofin, 10(-8) to 10(-6) M, D-penicillamine, 10(-6) to 10(-3) M, thiola, 10(-7) to 10(-3) M, and the tripeptide thiol, glutathione, 10(-6) to 10(-3) M, enhanced f-met-leu-phe-induced lysosomal enzyme release and the phagocytic uptake of bacteria by up to 40%. The previously reported inhibitory effects of AF were only observed at concentrations in excess of those likely to be available to effector cells in vivo. The stimulatory effects of thiola and D-pen occurred at concentrations likely to be available to effector cells in vivo and, therefore, may be of greater clinical relevance. There is evidence that the drugs used in this study exert their effects via a thiol moiety and their therapeutic effect is preceded by an elevation of intracellular thiol levels. PMID- 3150971 TI - The effects of glycosylation inhibitors on the proliferation of a spontaneously transformed cell line (3T6) in vitro. AB - We have examined the effects of different inhibitors of glycosylation processing on the proliferation of a spontaneously transformed murine cell line (3T6) in vitro. It was found that whereas two compounds that specifically inhibit distal steps in the glycosylation chain (swainsonine and castanospermine) only exerted marginal inhibitory effects on cell multiplication, a proximal inhibitor (tunicamycin) efficiently decreased the rate of DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent fashion. This tunicamycin-induced inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was cell cycle-specific, in the sense that cells in G1 only were blocked in their cell cycle progression. Like others (Volpe & Goldberg, 1983), we found that tunicamycin inhibited the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase (HMG-CoA), which constitutes the ratelimiting step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol and isoprenoid derivatives, by catalysing the reduction of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, and it has been suggested that it plays a role in the control of cell proliferation and in tumour transformation. This raises the question as to whether tunicamycin exerts its inhibitory effects on cell proliferation via the isprene-synthetic pathway in addition to its effects on aspargine-linked glycosylation. By adding exogenous mevalonate, the rate-limiting step at which HMG-CoA reductase converts HMG-CoA to mevalonate can be bypassed. We found that addition of mevalonate partially reverses the effects of tunicamycin on cell proliferation. This suggests that tunicamycin exerts different effects, which taken together lead to a cessation of cell proliferation. One of these effects is likely to be mediated via the mevalonate-synthetic pathway. PMID- 3150972 TI - G-proteins in mammalian gametes: an immunocytochemical study. AB - The presence of transductory GTP(G)-regulatory proteins in mammalian gametes has been examined by indirect fluorescence immunocytochemistry. Using rabbit antisera to bovine rod beta gamma-transducin (RA beta gamma T), bovine rod holotransducin (AS-1), bovine rod alpha-transducin (RA alpha T), synthetic bovine rod alpha transducin C-terminal decapeptide (AS-6), bovine brain alpha 39Go (RA alpha 39), and two mouse monoclonal antibodies raised against frog retinal transducin (4A), and rat brain beta-tubulin, we demonstrated the presence of corresponding immunoreactive material in both rat oocytes and bovine ejaculated sperm. Immunostaining in the oocyte was evenly distributed on the oolemma, excluding the cell cytoplasm and zona pellucida. Immunoreactive material was also present in the cumulus cells that encapsulate the oocyte. In contrast, the immunofluorescence corresponding to transductory G-proteins was confined in sperm to functionally defined regions in the head and tail, in a manner specific for each antibody. While RA beta gamma T, AS-1 and RA alpha 39 all stained the entire acrosome, AS-6 and RA alpha T stained only the acrosomal tip. Monoclonal antibody 4A stained the midpiece exclusively and anti-rat betaq-tubulin (a structural G protein) stained the full length of the sperm tail. The existence of several G protein types in mammalian gametes suggests their possible involvement in the regulation of various effector systems, in a manner reminiscent of somatic cells. The unique situation in sperm, where different G-proteins show distinct and specific patterns of distribution, further suggests their association with various effector systems in discrete functional domains. PMID- 3150973 TI - Immunochemical and biochemical comparisons between embryonic chick bone marrow and epiphyseal cartilage chondroitin/dermatan sulphate proteoglycans. AB - Chrondroitin sulphate proteoglycans obtained from embryonic chick bone marrow and epiphyseal cartilage were compared using immunochemical and biochemical analyses. Proteoglycans from each tissue, separated on CsCl density gradients, under dissociative conditions, into high (1.6 g ml-1), medium (1.5 g ml-1) and low (1.4 g ml-1) buoyant density fractions, were immunochemically analysed, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize chondroitin 4-/dermatan sulphates, chondroitin 6-sulphate, keratan sulphate, the hyaluronate binding region present on connective tissue proteoglycans, and link protein. The same antibodies were used in Western blot analyses to detect intact proteoglycan monomers and core proteins that had been fractionated by agarose-polyacrylamide and by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Specific differences between marrow and cartilage proteoglycans were detected. In CsCl gradients, marrow proteoglycans displayed a higher degree of heterogeneity in terms of buoyant densities and hexuronate distribution. Keratan sulphate chains were constituents of the majority of 'large' proteoglycans in the marrow; however, a portion of the large proteoglycans in marrow middle buoyant density fraction either lacked keratan sulphate chains or were substituted with a form different from that found on cartilage proteoglycans. Marrow lacked 'small' chondroitin/dermatan sulphate proteoglycans that were present in cartilage and contained a more heterogeneous population of proteoglycans, particularly in the lower buoyant density fractions. Both marrow and cartilage were similar in that they contained, as their major components, large, aggregating proteoglycans and link proteins that were immunochemically and biochemically identical. The significance of these differences between marrow and cartilage proteoglycans remains to be determined, but they may, in part, be responsible for imparting unique characteristics to the haematopoietic extracellular matrices. PMID- 3150974 TI - Diphenoloxidase of Mycobacterium leprae: discovery, applications and prospects. PMID- 3150975 TI - [A case of systemic lupus erythematosus with lupus anticoagulant, complicating cerebral infarction and habitual abortions]. PMID- 3150976 TI - The isolation of strains of Bacillus subtilis showing improved plasmid stability characteristics by means of selective chemostat culture. AB - A pUB110-derived plasmid encoding chloramphenicol resistance, kanamycin resistance and high-temperature alpha-amylase showed a high degree of segregational instability when inserted into Bacillus subtilis. In an attempt to obtain stable derivatives, the organism was grown in chemostat culture in the presence of chlorampheniol. It was periodically found necessary to increase the concentration of chloramphenicol in the medium feed in order to avoid plasmid loss. Strains were isolated after 19 and 160 generations, which showed high levels of plasmid stability. This characteristic appeared to be genotypic. No detectable difference in plasmid copy number was found between the original and the improved strains. The stability characteristics resided in the host, rather than in the plasmid. Stable isolates possessed elevated MICs for both chloramphenicol and kanamycin. Their maximum specific growth rates were higher than that of the original strain, and similar to that of the plasmid-free parent strain. PMID- 3150977 TI - Arachidonate-dependent oxygen consumption in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - A central feature of the processes of aggregation and differentiation in the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum is the periodic excitatory cycle. Originally thought to involve primarily fluctuations in cyclic AMP levels, this excitatory cycle has since been shown to involve changes in several other second messengers including cyclic GMP, calcium and inositol trisphosphate. Previous work from this laboratory using specific inhibitors strongly suggested a role for eicosanoids in this stimulus-response process. Production of eicosanoids from fatty acid precursors is an oxygen-consuming process. In this paper, we report on oxygen consumption measurements in intact D. discoideum cells and in cell extracts. We demonstrate the existence of an azide-insensitive component of oxygen consumption which can be stimulated by the addition of arachidonate and other polyunsaturated fatty acids, and at least partially inhibited by meclofenamate and eicosatetraynoic acid, both of which block eicosanoid biosynthesis in higher organisms. These observations provide further evidence for the existence of an eicosanoid-metabolizing system in D. discoideum. PMID- 3150978 TI - Temperature-dependent expression of flagella of Listeria monocytogenes studied by electron microscopy, SDS-PAGE and western blotting. AB - Washed cells of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b, grown in broth culture at 20 degrees C and at 37 degrees C, were examined by electron microscopy for the presence of flagella. Many flagella were seen in cells grown at 20 degrees C, whereas at 37 degrees C very few were expressed. Flagella sheared from the cell surface were partially purified by differential centrifugation. Using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting two distinct protein bands were seen in this preparation, both with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 29 kDa. Further purification of these proteins was achieved by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Whole organisms grown at 20 degrees C and 37 degrees C were examined in Western blots using an affinity-purified polyclonal antibody, and a monoclonal antibody, both directed against 29 kDa putative flagellin. Bacteria grown at 20 degrees C expressed abundant flagellin, whereas only trace amounts could be detected in organisms grown at 37 degrees C. It is concluded that organisms grown at 20 degrees C both produce and assemble flagellin at the cell surface, and that flagellin production is a less marked feature of organisms grown at 37 degrees C. PMID- 3150979 TI - Structure and molecular species composition of three homologous series of alpha mycolic acids from Mycobacterium spp. AB - Three homologous series of alpha-mycolic acids (dicyclopropanoyl acids, monocyclopropanoyl monoenoic acids and dienoic acids) from 16 rapidly growing and 14 slowly growing mycobacteria were separated by argentation thin-layer chromatography and analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of their trimethylsilyl ether derivatives. Mycobacterial species were separated into five groups. Strains of group A contained similar amounts of even and odd carbon numbered dienoic acids, with a methyl branch on the odd acids and a C24-alpha unit, as typified by Mycobacterium fortuitum and M. chitae. Group B strains possessed similar amounts of even carbon-numbered dicyclopropanoyl alpha-mycolic acids and odd carbon-numbered unsaturated acids with C22- and C24-alpha-units, as found in M. phlei and M. diernhoferi. Group C strains contained mainly even carbon-numbered dicyclopropanoyl acids with C22- and C24-alpha-units, as shown by M. vaccae and M. aurum. Group D strains possessed mainly odd carbon-numbered dienoic acids with a methyl branch and a C24-alpha-unit, as seen in M. triviale and M. nonchromogenicum. Group E strains had mainly even carbon-numbered dicyclopropanoyl acids with C24- or C26-alpha-units, as found in M. avium and M. tuberculosis. Many rapidly growing mycobacteria also produced alpha'-mycolic acids which were shorter in the length of the main carbon chain but whose alpha units were the same as those in alpha-mycolic acids from the same species. These alpha'-mycolic acids had either one or two double bonds and showed variations in both their unsaturation and overall size, which may be useful in taxonomic studies. PMID- 3150980 TI - Mutants of Bacillus subtilis defective in protein export. AB - We have isolated a set of strains with mutations (designated prs) that decrease secretion of alpha-amylase and have a pleiotropic effect on secretion of other exoproteins. The seven mutants were selected in a strain of Bacillus subtilis which overproduces alpha-amylase due to the presence of an alpha-amylase gene on a multicopy plasmid. The mutations were mapped to four different chromosomal loci. The phenotype of the mutants, especially their pleiotropic effects and the accumulation of alpha-amylase precursor, indicated that they have defects in the mechanism of protein export. Double mutants with certain pairwise combinations of mutations in different loci had additive effects on secretion, suggesting that these prs genes encode different components of the secretion pathway. PMID- 3150981 TI - Effect of ethane-1-hdryoxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) on fetal mice during pregnancy. Chemical changes in skin collagen. PMID- 3150982 TI - Calcium-independent increase of transmitter release at frog end-plate by trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid. AB - 1. Application of an amino-residue-modifying reagent, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1 sulphonic acid (TNBS), to the frog neuromuscular junction in high-magnesium Ringer solution rapidly increased both the amplitude of nerve-evoked end-plate potentials (EPPs) and the frequency of miniature end-plate potentials (MEPPs). These showed a similar initial time course and reached a maximum 3-7 min and about 10 min, respectively, after the start of application of 2 mM-TNBS. Then, the EPP amplitude decreased, while the MEPP frequency maintained its plateau value. The increase in transmitter release and the decrease in EPP amplitude by TNBS may have been due to different modes of action. 2. The distribution of MEPP amplitude was unchanged by TNBS treatment. 3. The carbachol-induced postsynaptic potential and the extracellularly recorded presynaptic action current were not affected by TNBS treatment for up to 30 min, indicating that the change in EPP amplitude produced by TNBS was not due to either a postsynaptic effect or a change in action potential at the presynaptic terminal. 4. The frequency of MEPPs was increased by TNBS application even when Ca2+ was omitted from the external Ringer solution or when a specific calcium channel blocker, synthetic omega conotoxin, was added. This indicates that Ca2+ inflow to the nerve terminal is not necessary for TNBS action. 5. When a calcium chelator, BAPTA, was loaded into the presynaptic nerve terminal, the facilitation of EPPs by trains of nerve stimuli was scarcely observed. This suggested that the cytosolic free Ca2+ in the presynaptic terminal was buffered by BAPTA. Under this condition, the amplitudes of EPPs were increased by TNBS application to the same extent as in the control without BAPTA, but were accompanied by little facilitation. The MEPP frequency was also increased by TNBS to the same extent as in the control. These results suggest strongly that augmentation of transmitter release by TNBS was not due to an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. 6. These observations suggest that TNBS might react with specific protein(s) on the outer surface of the presynaptic membrane and accelerate the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles. PMID- 3150983 TI - External and internal actions in the response of salamander retinal rods to altered external calcium concentration. AB - 1. The membrane current was recorded from retinal rods isolated from Ambystoma tigrinum using the suction pipette and whole-cell patch pipette techniques, while the concentration of calcium bathing the outer segment was rapidly reduced. 2. The increase in outer segment current induced by lowered external calcium in darkness could be resolved into two components, one as rapid as the time course of the solution change (as judged by the junction current) and the other somewhat slower. 3. Introduction of the calcium buffer BAPTA (1,2-bis(o aminophenoxy)ethane-N ,N ,N' ,N'-tetraacetic acid) into the cell from a patch pipette led to a progressive slowing of the second component of current increase. 4. When several minutes had elapsed following rupture of the patch, to allow a substantial amount of BAPTA into the cell (ca. 10 mM in the patch pipette), the second component was slowed by a factor of about 20-fold, while the first component continued to have the same rapid time course as the solution change. 5. The rapid component is attributed to a direct effect of external calcium, Ca2+o, and the delayed component to an indirect effect mediated by a reduction in internal calcium, Ca2+i. 6. These results confirm that, in previous experiments in which BAPTA was introduced into photoreceptors, the internal calcium concentration was very significantly buffered. 7. When Ca2+o drops from 1 mM to less than 10(-8) M, the rapid external component corresponds to an increase in circulating current of 3- to 4-fold, and the internal component corresponds to an increase of at least 4- to 5-fold. However, the total current at late times is limited by electrical factors, so that the size of the internal effect is bound to be considerably greater. PMID- 3150984 TI - Evidence that mid-lumbar neurones in reflex pathways from group II afferents are involved in locomotion in the cat. AB - 1. A group of interneurons in the mid-lumbar segments of the cat spinal cord which mediate disynaptic excitation or inhibition of motoneurones from group II muscle afferents have recently been described. To test the possibility that the activity of these interneurones is related to the activity in the neuronal networks which subserve locomotion we have investigated whether they are influenced by two procedures which can induce locomotion. These procedures were electrical stimulation within the cuneiform nucleus (the 'mesencephalic locomotor region') in anaesthetized preparations and systemic administration of 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in decerebrate, spinalized, unanaesthetized preparations. The interneurones we have tested were located in the fourth lumbar (L4) segment and were excited by group II muscle afferents; more than half of them were antidromically activated from the hindlimb motor nuclei. 2. Stimuli applied in the cuneiform nucleus evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in a high proportion of these interneurones. The stimuli also evoked distinct extracellular field potentials in the ventral horn of the L4 segment. The properties and latencies of both the intra- and extracellularly recorded potentials show that they were evoked disynaptically, via supraspinally located relay neurones and a fast-conducting descending tract. 3. Stimulation of the cortico- and rubrospinal tracts excited or inhibited some of the L4 neurones, often at latencies suggesting mono- or disynaptic coupling. The neurones which appeared to be monosynaptically excited from the cortico- and rubrospinal tracts tended to be located dorsal to the neurones which were activated from the cuneiform nucleus. 4. Systemic administration of DOPA depressed the responses evoked by stimulation of group II afferents of L4 interneurones which projected to motor nuclei. DOPA also depressed extracellular field potentials evoked by group II afferents in the intermediate zone and in the ventral horn (at the location of the interneurones) but hardly affected those in the dorsal horn. 5. By showing that both stimulation in the cuneiform nucleus and the administration of DOPA influence activity of L4 interneurones which are excited by group II afferents and which project to motor nuclei, the results of this study support the hypothesis that these neurones are in some way involved in locomotion. However, the opposing effects of DOPA administration and of stimulation in the cuneiform nucleus make the interpretation of their role in locomotion rather difficult before it is known to what extent they are active throughout the step cycle. PMID- 3150986 TI - A submucosal mechanism for catecholamine-induced increases in fluid absorption in rabbit ileum in vitro. AB - 1. The effects of clonidine and dopamine on water movements across the mucosal and serosal surfaces of rabbit ileum have been investigated using a high resolution method for monitoring water flows in vitro. 2. Theophylline (10 mM) and carbamyl choline (10 microM) caused a reduction in fluid inflow across the mucosal surface and a smaller decrease in fluid outflow across the serosal surface. Addition of the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist clonidine or dopamine fully reversed the theophylline, or carbamyl choline-induced decrease in mucosal inflow in a dose-related manner. 3. The effects of clonidine on mucosal inflow are blocked by the alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist, yohimbine. Yohimbine was much less effective than pimozide or d-butaclamol in blocking the effect of dopamine on mucosal inflow. These findings support the view that there are separate alpha 2 adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors. 4. The hydraulic conductance (Lp) of the serosal surface was measured directly from the change in serosal exit flow following addition of 2 mosmol kg-1 of polyethylene glycol (molecular mass 20,000 Da) to the serosal bathing solution. Theophylline reduced the Lp by 35%. Clonidine (1 microM) added to theophylline-treated tissues increased the Lp by 66%. This effect was prevented by yohimbine (1 microM). 5. The effects of theophylline, clonidine and dopamine on the permeability of the mucosal and serosal surfaces of the tissue to [3H]mannitol were measured. These showed that theophylline increased the rate of labelled mannitol loss across the mucosal surface but reduced the mannitol permeability across the serosal surface. This latter effect was reversed by clonidine and dopamine. 6. Changes in transepithelial electrical potential difference (PD), short-circuit current and resistance were monitored. Theophylline caused a rapid increase in PD and short circuit current and a slower increase in resistance. Clonidine (5 microM) reversed the effects on PD and resistance but was without significant effect on short-circuit current. The results suggest that a major component of secretagogue induced reduction in fluid transport in vitro is due to mechanical changes in the submucosa, probably induced by modulation of neurotransmitter release within the tissue. PMID- 3150988 TI - Production of interferon by human peripheral lymphocytes stimulated with rubella virus. PMID- 3150985 TI - Guanine nucleotide- and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced calcium release in rabbit main pulmonary artery. AB - 1. The effects of activation of guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) by guanine nucleotides or sodium fluoride on the release of intracellular Ca2+ and on tension development were determined in chemically skinned strips of rabbit main pulmonary arteries (MPA). Ca2+ movements were monitored with Fura-2, as the change in free Ca2+ concentration in the bath medium surrounding the skinned MPA. 2. Sodium fluoride or non-hydrolysable analogues of GTP, guanosine 5'-[gamma thio]triphosphate (GTP gamma S) and guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate (GMP-PNP), induced sustained and dose-dependent contraction of skinned MPA. GTP (100 microM) induced transient contraction of skinned MPA. GTP gamma S did not contract intact MPA. We also confirmed that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) released sufficient Ca2+ to induce contraction of skinned, but not intact, MPA. 3. Guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate (GDP beta S), a non-hydrolysable analogue of GDP that competitively inhibits the binding of guanine nucleotides to G proteins, inhibited the contractions induced by GTP gamma S. Neomycin (1 mM) inhibited the GTP gamma S-induced contractions, but also, to a lesser extent, contractions induced by caffeine. 4. Depletion of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) or treatment with Triton X-100 inhibited the GTP gamma S-induced contractions. The effects of Ca2+ depletion was reversible, while that of Triton X-100 was irreversible. GTP gamma S (up to 100 microM) had no apparent effect on the pCa-tension curve of freeze-glycerinated MPA. 5. GTP gamma S- or InsP3 induced contractions occurred in the presence of 20 mM-procaine, while this agent completely blocked the contraction induced by caffeine. 6. Both GTP gamma S and InsP3 induced an increase in the Fura-2 fluorescence signal of the bath medium surrounding the skinned MPA, indicating that GTP gamma S releases intracellular Ca2+. The release of Ca2+ induced by GTP gamma S was inhibited by GDP beta S. 7. During the initial phasic contraction induced by GTP gamma S, added InsP3 had little or no additive effect, in contrast to its additive effect during the latter sustained contraction induced by GTP gamma S.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3150987 TI - Left ventricular oxygen extraction during submaximal and maximal exertion in ponies. AB - 1. Left ventricular (LV) myocardial O2 extraction was studied in five healthy ponies which had catheters implanted in the great cardiac vein and main pulmonary artery 15-30 days before the study. The abdominal aorta was percutaneously catheterized to sample arterial blood. 2. In addition, phasic LV and aortic pressures, LV dP/dtmax and rate-pressure product were also studied; dP/dtmax is the maximal rate of rise of the left ventricular pressure during the isovolumic phase, and is considered an index of myocardial contractility. Measurements were made at rest (control) and during adenosine infusion (3 mumol kg-1 min-1) at rest, moderate exercise (heart rate 169 +/- 10 beats min-1), heavy exercise (heart rate 198 +/- 7 beats min-1), maximal exercise (heart rate 232 +/- 7 beats min-1), and adenosine infusion (3 mumol kg-1 min-1) during maximal exercise (heart rate 230 +/- 6 beats min-1). 3. In resting ponies, LV arterial to coronary venous O2 content difference (delta LVa-v O2) was 8.9 +/- 0.5 ml dl-1 and O2 extraction was 59.9 +/- 2.2%. Adenosine infusion at rest decreased delta LVa-v O2 and O2 extraction precipitously (2.6 ml dl-1 and 14.3 +/- 1.7%, respectively), thereby indicating superfluous LV myocardial perfusion. 4. Moderate, heavy and maximal exercise increased delta LVa-v O2 to 185, 194 and 218% of its control value and O2 extraction rose to 71 +/- 2, 75 +/- 1.5 and 78 +/- 0.9%, respectively. The widening of the delta LVa-v O2 gradient was due to the increased arterial O2 content during exercise. 5. Combining these observations with equine myocardial perfusion, the LV O2 consumption was calculated to be 7.8, 47.9 and 103.6 ml min-1 100 g-1 at rest, moderate and maximal exercise. In order to achieve the 13.4-fold increase in LV O2 consumption, the LV perfusion rose only 6-fold; the rest being met by widening the delta LVa-v O2. 6. Adenosine infusion during maximal exercise decreased delta LVa-v O2 and O2 extraction (10.7 +/- 1 ml dl-1 and 45%, respectively; P less than 0.0001). This indicated that coronary vasodilator capacity was not being completely expended in maximally exercising ponies. It is concluded that coronary circulation is unlikely to be a limiting factor to further exertion in ponies. Organ/tissue perfusion studies in exercising ponies have demonstrated that of all working muscles, the left ventricular (LV) myocardium received the highest level of blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3150989 TI - Proceedings: XV annual meeting on basic research in Chagas' disease. IV meeting of the Brazilian Society of Protozoology. Sao Paulo, November 1988. PMID- 3150990 TI - Immunity versus immunobiology of infections: an outsider's view on lymphocyte repertoires, activities and organization in normal and infected mice. PMID- 3150991 TI - Regulation of lymphokine production in experimental and human Chagas' disease. PMID- 3150993 TI - Hypoxanthine and inosine analogues as chemotherapeutic agents in Chagas' disease. AB - Analogues of purines, especially those of hypoxanthine and inosine, appear to hold considerable promise for the treatment of Chagas' disease. PMID- 3150992 TI - Identification of Trypanosoma cruzi antigens recognized by T cells and immune sera from chagasic patients. PMID- 3150995 TI - Analysis of cloned Trypanosoma cruzi proteins that are antigenic during the acute and chronic phase of Chagas' disease. PMID- 3150994 TI - Metabolism and mode of action of gentian violet. PMID- 3150996 TI - Questions on self recognition and autoimmunity in chronic Chagas disease: an immunologic approach. PMID- 3150997 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations and clonal repertoires participate in immune response to acute T. cruzi infection. PMID- 3150998 TI - Autoimmunity in Chagas' disease: immunomodulation of autoimmune and T. cruzi specific immune responses. PMID- 3150999 TI - Relationship of parasite specific antibodies and heart specific autoantibodies in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 3151000 TI - The use of recombinant gamma interferon associated with pentavalent antimony in therapy for visceral leishmaniasis. PMID- 3151001 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi isoenzyme pattern as an epidemiological tool. PMID- 3151002 TI - [Control of Chagas' disease vectors in Brazil and risk of domiciliary reinfestation by secondary vectors]. PMID- 3151003 TI - [Epidemiologic determinants of Chagas' disease in Brazil: the infection, the disease and its morbidity/mortality]. PMID- 3151004 TI - Dispersing behaviour of T. infestans: evidence from a genetical study of field populations in Bolivia. PMID- 3151005 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: mechanisms of cell-invasion and intracellular survival. PMID- 3151006 TI - Detection of parasite antigens in different biological fluids. PMID- 3151007 TI - Human Chagas' disease: evolution of the antibody response and recognition of antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 3151008 TI - Role of L3T4+ T cells in the immunopathology of chronic experimental Chagas' disease. PMID- 3151009 TI - The cytoskeleton of trypanosomatids. PMID- 3151010 TI - Parasite-host interrelationships of Blastocrithidia triatomae and triatomines. PMID- 3151011 TI - Sodium valproate and chlordiazepoxide in the elevated plus-maze test of anxiety in the rat. AB - The effects of sodium valproate (25-200 mg/kg i.p.) were investigated in the elevated plus-maze test of anxiety in the rat. No single dose significantly increased the percentage of entries made onto the open arms. Chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg) both acutely and after 5 days of administration significantly increased the percentage of entries onto open arms and this anxiolytic effect was neither potentiated, nor antagonised, by sodium valproate (25-200 mg/kg). Chlordiazepoxide also increased the total number of arm entries (indicating a stimulant effect). When valproate (25-100 mg/kg) was given together with acute chlordiazepoxide it produced a dose-related antagonism of this stimulant effect. The group receiving valproate (200 mg/kg) plus acute chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg) had a total number of entries significantly lower than the controls. Thus, the combination of 2 non-sedative doses resulted in a significant sedative effect. PMID- 3151012 TI - [Fibronectin--a new drug in the treatment of complications of chemotherapy in children with proliferative diseases of the hematopoietic system]. PMID- 3151013 TI - [Treatment of the fetus with Rh incompatibility by the combined methods of plasmapheresis and intrauterine blood transfusion]. PMID- 3151014 TI - Screening of the influence of flavonoids on lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activity, as well as on nonenzymic lipid oxidation. AB - Thirty nine flavonoids, isolated from plants, were tested in respect of their influence on soybean lipoxygenase activity, cyclooxygenase activity and inhibition of ascorbic acid-stimulated malonaldehyde formation in liver lipids. Almost all of the tested compounds were antioxidants and stimulated cyclooxygenase when arachidonic acid was used as a substrate at a concentration of 100 microM. Eleven flavonoids were inhibitors of soybean lipoxygenase. A good correlation between the chemical structure and the tested activity was observed. The most active compounds in all tests were luteolin, 6-hydroxyluteolin, nepetin, quercetagetin, patuletin and myricetin. PMID- 3151015 TI - Effect of pyrimidine nucleosides on body temperatures of man and rabbit in relation to pharmacokinetic data. AB - The effect of high-dose uridine on body temperatures of rabbits and man has been studied in relation to plasma concentrations of uridine and its catabolite uracil. Uridine induced fever in both rabbits and man. High-dose cytidine had no influence on body temperature in rabbits. Plasma concentrations of uridine were between 1 and 1.5 mM at 30 min after an iv bolus injection of 400 mg uridine/kg in rabbits and reached peak levels of 2 mM after a 1-hr infusion of 12 g uridine/m2 in man. The plasma concentration of cytidine in rabbits was about 0.5 mM and that of uridine was 0.30 mM at 30 min after an iv bolus injection of 400 mg cytidine/kg. The mean residence time for uridine in patients and rabbits varied between 80 and 195 min. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) for uridine in rabbits was 2.0 mmol.hr/liter, and that for cytidine was 0.6 mmol.hr/liter. A large AUC for uridine indicates a prolonged exposure of tissues to uridine, which might lead to extensive formation of degradation products. The administration of some of these catabolites, dihydrouracil (at 20-40 mg/kg), carbamyl-beta-alanine (at 60 mg/kg), and beta-alanine (at 300-400 mg/kg), resulted in a significant increase in body temperature. It is concluded that the change in body temperature associated with uridine administration was not due to bacterial pyrogens but that one of the degradation products might be involved in thermoregulation. PMID- 3151016 TI - Essentiality of Lys-329 of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum as demonstrated by site-directed mutagenesis. AB - The unusual chemical properties of active-site Lys-329 of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum have suggested that this residue is required for catalysis. To test this postulate Lys-329 was replaced with glycine, serine, alanine, cysteine, arginine, glutamic acid or glutamine by site directed mutagenesis. These single amino acid substitutions do not appear to induce major conformational changes because (i) intersubunit interactions are unperturbed in that the purified mutant proteins are stable dimers like the wild type enzyme and (ii) intrasubunit folding is normal in that the mutant proteins bind the competitive inhibitor 6-phosphogluconate with an affinity similar to that of wild-type enzyme. In contrast, all of the mutant proteins are severely deficient in carboxylase activity (less than 0.01% of wild-type) and are unable to form the exchange-inert complex, characteristic of the wild-type enzyme, with the transition-state analogue carboxyarabinitol bisphosphate. These results underscore the stringency of the requirement for a lysyl side-chain at position 329 and imply that Lys-329 is involved in catalysis, perhaps stabilizing a transition state in the overall reaction pathway. PMID- 3151017 TI - Conformational properties of the guanine-binding site of ribonuclease T1 inferred from the X-ray structure and protein engineering. AB - Recognition by ribonuclease T1 of guanine bases via multidentate hydrogen bonding and stacking interactions appears to be mediated mainly by a short peptide segment formed by one stretch of a heptapeptide, Tyr42-Asn43-Asn44-Tyr45-Glu46 Gly47- Phe48. The segment displays a unique folding of the polypeptide chain- consisting of a reverse turn, Asn44-Tyr45-Glu46-Gly47, stabilized by a hydrogen bond network involving the side chain of Asn44, the main-chain atoms of Asn44, Gly47 and Phe48 and one water molecule. The segment is connected to the C terminus of a beta-strand and expands into a loop region between Asn43 and Ser54. Low values for the crystallographic thermal parameters of the segment indicate that the structure has a rigidity comparable to that of a beta-pleated sheet. Replacement of Asn44 with alanine leads to a far lower enzymatic activity and demonstrates that the side chain of Asn44 plays a key role in polypeptide folding in addition to a role in maintaining the segment structure. Substitution of Asn43 by alanine to remove a weak hydrogen bond to the guanine base destabilized the transition state of the complex by 6.3 kJ/mol at 37 degrees C. In contrast, mutation of Glu46 to alanine to remove a strong hydrogen bond to the guanine base caused a destabilization of the complex by 14.0 kJ/mol. A double-mutant enzyme with substitutions of Asn43 by a histidine and Asn44 by an aspartic acid, to reproduce the natural substitutions found in ribonuclease Ms, showed an activity and base specificity similar to that of the wild-type ribonuclease Ms. The segment therefore appears to be well conserved in several fungal ribonucleases. PMID- 3151018 TI - A new method for random mutagenesis of complete genes: enzymatic generation of mutant libraries in vitro. AB - A new efficient in vitro mutagenesis method for the generation of complete random mutant libraries, containing all possible single base substitution mutations in a cloned gene is described. The method is based on controlled use of polymerases. Four populations of DNA molecules are first generated by primer elongation so that they terminate randomly, but always just before a known type of base (before A, C, G or T respectively). Each of the four populations is then mutagenized in a separate misincorporation reaction, where the correct base can now be omitted. The regeneration of wild-type sequences can thus be efficiently avoided. Also, the misincorporating nucleotide concentrations can be optimized to give the three possible single mutations in close to equal ratio. The mutagenesis can be precisely localized within a predetermined target region of any size, and vector sequences remain intact. We have mutagenized the DNA coding for the alpha fragment of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase, and identified 176 different base substitution mutations by sequencing. The present method gives mutant yields of 40-60%, when the mutants contain about one amino acid change per protein molecule. All types of base substitution mutations can be generated and deletions are rare. The efficiency of this method permits the use of relatively elaborate screening systems to isolate mutants of either structural genes or regulatory regions. PMID- 3151019 TI - Refined structure of human carbonic anhydrase II at 2.0 A resolution. AB - The structure of human erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase II has been refined by constrained and restrained structure-factor least-squares refinement at 2.0 A resolution. The conventional crystallographic R value is 17.3%. Of 167 solvent molecules associated with the protein, four are buried and stabilize secondary structure elements. The zinc ion is ligated to three histidyl residues and one water molecule in a nearly tetrahedral geometry. In addition to the zinc-bound water, seven more water molecules are identified in the active site. Assuming that Glu-106 is deprotonated at pH 8.5, some of the hydrogen bond donor-acceptor relations in the active site can be assigned and are described here in detail. The O gamma 1 atom of Thr-199 donates its proton to the O epsilon 1 atom of Glu 106 and can function as a hydrogen bond acceptor only in additional hydrogen bonds. PMID- 3151020 TI - Crystallographic studies of inhibitor binding sites in human carbonic anhydrase II: a pentacoordinated binding of the SCN- ion to the zinc at high pH. AB - The binding of four inhibitors--mercuric ion, 3-acetoxymercuri-4 aminobenzenesulfonamide (AMS), acetazolamide (Diamox), and thiocyanate ion--to human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) has been studied with X-ray crystallography. The binding of mercury to HCA II at pH 7.0 has been investigated at 3.1 A resolution. Mercuric ions are observed at both nitrogens in the His-64 ring. One of these sites is pointing toward the zinc ion. The only other binding site for mercury is at Cys-206. The binding of the two sulfonamide inhibitors AMS and Diamox, has been reinvestigated at 2.0 and 3.0 A, respectively. Only the nitrogen of the sulfonamide group binds to the zinc ion replacing the hydroxyl ion. The sulfonamide oxygen closest to the zinc ion is 3.1 A away. Thus the tetrahedral geometry of the zinc is retained, refuting earlier models of a pentacoordinated zinc. The structure of the thiocyanate complex has been investigated at pH 8.5 and the structure has been refined at 1.9 A resolution using the least-squares refinement program PROLSQ. The crystallographic R factor is 17.6%. The zinc ion is pentacoordinated with the anion as well as a water molecule bound in addition to the three histidine residues. The nitrogen atom of the SCN- ion is 1.9 A from the zinc ion but shifted 1.3 A with respect to the hydroxyl ion in the native structure and at van der Waals' distance from the O gamma l atom of Thr-199. This is due to the inability of the O gamma l atom of Thr-199 to serve as a hydrogen bond donor, thus repelling the nonprotonated nitrogen. The SCN- molecule reaches into the deep end of the active site cavity where the sulfur atom has displaced the so-called "deep" water molecule of the native enzyme. The zinc-bound water molecule is 2.2 A from the zinc ion and 2.4 A from the SCN- nitrogen. In addition, this water is hydrogen bonded to the O gamma l atom of Thr-199 and to another water molecule. We have observed that solvent and inhibitor molecules have three possible binding sites on the zinc ion and their significance for the catalysis and inhibition of HCA II will be discussed. All available crystallographic data are consistent with a proposed catalytic mechanism in which both the OH moiety and one oxygen of the substrate HCO3- ion are ligated to the zinc ion. PMID- 3151021 TI - The lipids of archaebacteria. PMID- 3151022 TI - [Prevalence of elongated styloid process in human skulls]. PMID- 3151023 TI - [Azoospermia with normal plasma FSH and unlowered seminal carnitine. Utilization for diagnosis and treatment]. AB - In secretory azoospermia, plasma FSH is usually high and seminal carnitine in relation with epididymal secretion, normal. In excretory azoospermia, FSH is not increased and seminal carnitine is lowered. Here we report the case of 23 patients in whom FSH was not increased and seminal carnitine not decreased. Among these patients 17 had had surgery with vas deferens and epididymis exploration. Testis biopsy for histological analysis was performed. It turned out that most of the patients (13 of the 17) had a genital tract occlusion located at the junction of corpus--caput of the epididymis (9/13) or at the junction testis-epididymis (4/13). The 4 remaining patients showed arrest of spermatogenesis which was before spermiogenesis in 3 of the 4 cases. This study allows (1) to define the diagnosis value of the seminal carnitine assay, which remains the only test to affirm excretory azoospermia when there is a bilateral occlusion located on the genital tract between the epididymis corpus and the ejaculatory ducts, (2) to consider another treatment than epididymo-vasostomy in cases of occlusion caput- corpus (epididymo-epididymostomy), (3) to detect a population presenting a very early arrest of spermatogenesis without any pituitary effect, probably having a special regulation of FSH secretion. PMID- 3151025 TI - [Evaluation of intake of polychlorobiphenyl cpds with fish products in Poland]. PMID- 3151024 TI - [New hydrazones and azomethine derivatives of indole-2,3-dione with possible biological activity]. PMID- 3151026 TI - A case of spontaneous esophageal rupture treated with conservative therapy. AB - A 51 year-old male was admitted because of abrupt hematemesis and loss of consciousness. Emergency endoscopy depicted a giant esophageal ulcer on the left side extending from the middle intrathoracic region to the lower intrathoracic region. Esophagography, performed on the second day of admission, revealed a huge cavity (10 cm x 7 cm) filled with contrast medium resulting from a rupture in the ulceration. His state of shock improved with conservative therapy and no severe mediastinitis was noted. The drainage from the cavity into the lumen of the esophagus was considered to be acceptable from esophagography and an endoscopic examination. Secondary to his stable condition and continuous drainage, this patient was treated conservatively throughout his clinical course. The patient was given intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) until the 25th hospital day and was medicated with broad spectrum-antibiotics. On the 21st hospital day the size of the esophageal cavity was markedly decreased (7 cm x 2 cm). Only small irregular mucosa was noted on the esophagogram taken 6 weeks after admission. Six months after the onset, an X-ray examination revealed complete healing of the spontaneous esophageal rupture with no recurrence. PMID- 3151027 TI - [Prosthesis hygiene--prosthetic after care]. PMID- 3151028 TI - [Implantology--planning and preliminary measures]. PMID- 3151029 TI - [Conservative treatment of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3151030 TI - [Complete parenteral feeding in the treatment of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3151031 TI - [Surgical treatment of complications of acute pancreatitis including the use of ceftazidime (fortum)]. PMID- 3151032 TI - Mathematics, structuralism and biology. AB - A new approach is gaining ground in biology, one that has much in common with the structuralist tradition in other fields. It is very much in the spirit of an earlier view of biology and indeed of science in general. It is also, though this is not generally recognized, in the spirit of twentieth century physics. As in modern physics, however, it is not a question of ignoring all the progress that has been made within the former paradigm. On the contrary, the aim is to use it as a basis for setting out in a somewhat different direction. Complex phenomena do not generally lend themselves to reductionist analyses which seek explanation only in terms of detailed mechanisms, but a proper scientific discussion of structure must make full use of what we have already learned - by whatever means about the processes that underly the phenomena we are trying to understand. PMID- 3151033 TI - Binding overlap and internalization of gonadotropin and thyrotropin in neonatal rat testicle and ovary cell cultures and the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. AB - Colloidal-gold-labeled gonadotropin and colloidal-gold-labeled thyrotropin were bound by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and primary neonatal rat ovary and testicle cell cultures in the same sites and in the same quantities. The conditions of internalization and the intracellular fate of the bound gold-labeled hormones were also similar in every respect. Pretreatment with either hormone imprinted the cells also for the related hormone, as judged from the increased binding and internalizing capacity of the pretreated cells for either hormone, and from identical patterns of post-binding receptor aggregation. PMID- 3151034 TI - Management of idiopathic growth hormone deficient patients during puberty. AB - Boys with idiopathic GH deficiency, treated with hGH and entering spontaneous puberty, have an onset of puberty and peak height velocity (PHV) at a late chronological age but normal bone age. PHV occurs at G3 with testicular volumes of 6-12 ml. The size of PHV and the height gain after G2 are similar to those of a normal delayed adolescent. In contrast, idiopathic GH deficient girls have an onset of puberty and PHV nearer to a normal chronological age and at an early bone age. PHV occurs at B2 and its size and the height gain after B2 are similar to those of normal girls. The length of time of pubertal growth is shorter in both GH deficient boys and girls. Very late induction of puberty in idiopathic GH deficient boys results in psychosocial damage and in bodily disproportion. It is suggested that induction of puberty be considered no later than 14.5 years in boys and 13.5 years in girls with the use of low-dose sex steroids. The decision to induce puberty should be taken to avoid psychosocial problems and be independent of proof of associated gonadotrophin deficiency. In GH deficient girls with early puberty, therapies to delay puberty may be considered. There are theoretical grounds for increasing the GH dose given during puberty, but present dose-response studies fail to include controls for important biological variables and are so far inconclusive. Cost-effectiveness is an important consideration. Increasing the frequency of injections probably improves the growth effect for a given dose of GH. PMID- 3151035 TI - [Studies on pyridonecarboxylic acids as antibacterial agents. VI. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 7-chloro-6-fluoro-1-ethyt-1, 4-dihydro-4-oxopyrido(2,3 c)pyridazine-3-carboxylic acid and derivatives]. PMID- 3151036 TI - Growth requirements of SJL lymphomas in vitro: effect of BCGF II. PMID- 3151037 TI - The germinal center precursor cell is surface mu and delta positive. PMID- 3151038 TI - Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen specific human T-cell lines are cytolytic to autologous antigen pulsed macrophages. PMID- 3151040 TI - Pattern of distribution of early B lineage cells in rat bone marrow. PMID- 3151039 TI - Expression and regulation of an antigen specific for endothelium involved in human lymphocyte homing. PMID- 3151041 TI - B cell precursor populations in fetal and neonatal rat liver: frequency, topography and antigenic phenotype. PMID- 3151042 TI - J chain is expressed by more IgA2- than IgA1-producing cells in colonic mucosa, but it is reduced in both subclasses in inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 3151043 TI - Induction of class II MHC antigen expression in rat organs after systemic application of recombinant gamma interferon. PMID- 3151044 TI - Migration of newly-produced virgin B cells from bone marrow to secondary lymphoid organs. PMID- 3151045 TI - Localization of TI2 antigen (Ficoll-FITC) and corresponding specific anti-FITC antibody forming cells in the rat spleen. PMID- 3151046 TI - The poly-Ig receptor--functional aspects of secretory component expression. PMID- 3151047 TI - The role of the laboratory in the investigation of infertility. AB - The incidence and the causes of the various types of infertility in men and women are described. Accurate diagnosis of the cause or causes of a couple's infertility is important as the treatment is often expensive and lengthy. A thorough clinical investigation of the couple will indicate which laboratory tests to embark upon. Endocrine abnormalities may account for about a third of diagnoses in women but are rare in men. Standard immunoassay procedures are used for hormone assays to diagnose endocrinopathies and should be performed in a logical sequence. They help to identify hyperprolactinaemia and to distinguish primary gonadal failure from lesions of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The common drugs available for treatment are listed and guidelines are given on management during treatment. Hormone assays are useful, but ultrasonic scanning is efficient and rapid and is becoming the preferred method for monitoring follicular growth. PMID- 3151048 TI - The effects of cerebral hemidecortication on the eruption rate and uptake of [3H] glycine by the periodontal ligament of the rat incisor. AB - Hemidecortication, which consists of removing one cerebral hemisphere, leaving intact the thalamus and hypothalamus, affects the hypothalamus-hypophyseal axis producing hypothyroidism. Hemidecorticate rats showed a significant decrease in the weekly eruption rate of the upper incisors and partial recovery after the administration of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH). The uptake of [3H] glycine, 1 and 4 h after a single injection, shown by radioautography, was 25 to 50 per cent higher in the periodontal ligament of the experimental animals. Most of the labelled material was non-collagenous proteins because only 20 to 30 per cent was removed by collagenase. PMID- 3151050 TI - The long-term care of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. AB - The long term management of non-insulin-dependent diabetes falls into two categories: first, the supervision of glycaemic control; and second, the detection of complications, risk factors and their management. To aid the former, home/self monitoring is essential. Patients need to record their results so that they can be reviewed by their physician. At the same time, treatment including diet can be modified to improve control and education about diabetes can be continued. An annual screen is required to detect the long term complications of diabetes: retinopathy; nephropathy; macrovascular disease; neuropathy; and diabetic foot disease. The early detection of these complications is important to gain maximal benefit from available treatment. The care of non-insulin-dependent diabetics requires skillful organization and in most health districts represents a considerable workload. PMID- 3151051 TI - Inhibition of cell migrations by the linoleic acid oxygenation product 9S-hydroxy 10E,12Z octadecadienoic acid (9-HODE). AB - The linoleic acid metabolite 9S-HODE was prepared by means of tomato fruit lipoxygenase and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to a high steric purity as judged by chiral-phase HPLC. 9S-HODE caused in the concentration range between 0.01 and 1 microM a strong dose-dependent inhibition of the migration of both cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells and of phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated human mononuclear cells. The effect was not observed with another polyenoic fatty acid metabolite, 15S-hydroperoxy 5Z,8Z,11Z,13E-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE). The results are discussed in the light of other biological actions of 9-HODE recently described. PMID- 3151049 TI - Effects of vasodilators on rates of change of nasopharyngeal temperature and systemic vascular resistance during cardiopulmonary bypass in anaesthetized dogs. AB - The effects of various vasodilating agents on the rates of change of nasopharyngeal temperature and total systemic vascular resistance of anaesthetized dogs during cardiopulmonary bypass were studied. Intravenous administration of nitroglycerine (14 micrograms/kg per min, infused at 35 degrees C and 36 degrees C), sodium nitroprusside (5 micrograms/kg per min, infused at 36 degrees C) and phenoxybenzamine (1 mg/kg bolus, given at 32 degrees C and 36 degrees C) did not have any effect on the total cooling time or the rate of cooling from 36 degrees C to 18 degrees C. However, in dogs treated with phenoxybenzamine the time taken to rewarm to 36 degrees C was significantly shorter than those observed in the control, nitroglycerine or sodium nitroprusside treated animals. This difference in rewarming time was mainly due to the more even rate of rewarming induced by phenoxybenzamine. Moreover, a significantly greater reduction in systemic vascular resistance was observed in phenoxybenzamine treated animals than in the other treatment groups. PMID- 3151052 TI - Role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in hyperoxic lung injury. Prevention of neutrophil influx into the lung endothelium during oxygen exposure by ibuprofen. AB - The present study examines the role of PMN in hyperoxic lung injury using a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ibuprofen. New Zealand white rabbits were exposed to 100% oxygen or air for 1 to 4 days. The animals were divided into two groups: the treatment group received ibuprofen with drinking water, and the control group received water alone. After exposure to oxygen or air, the rabbits were injected with indium-III-oxine labeled PMN. Influx or radioactive PMN into the lung was detected using gamma scintigraphic technique only in 72 h and 96 h oxygen-exposed animals which were not treated with ibuprofen. Ibuprofen-treated animals did not exhibit any PMN influx into the lung. Blood gas analysis of all 72 h oxygen-exposed animals did not show any abnormal values, although analysis of dry/wet weight ratios and histopathological examinations indicated noncardiogenic edema formation. After 96 h of oxygen exposure, both ibuprofen treated and untreated groups suffered from severe acidosis. Gross cytoplasmic edema and partial destruction of lung endothelium were also observed. Mortality was 50% after 96 h of oxygen exposure. Our study, thus, demonstrates that ibuprofen cannot prevent hyperoxic lung injury although it inhibits the influx of PMN into the injured lung, suggesting that PMN are not directly involved in the injury process. PMID- 3151053 TI - Chronic alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Protection of the isolated ischaemic working heart by ribose. AB - The effects of ribose on the pre- and post-ischaemic functional performance of the isolated working heart from 24 month old chronically alcoholic animals was investigated. The improved perfusion model permitted the isolated heart to perform work analogous to that of the normal physiological load, in a system where systemic pressure and atrial pressure could be altered over a wide range and oxygen loss from the perfusion fluid was a minimum. There was a remarkable improvement in the performance of isolated hearts taken from alcoholic animals that were perfused with 1.7 mM ribose both before and after a 25.0 min period of global myocardial ischaemia (at 25 degrees C), however ribose treatment did not greatly affect the performance of hearts of isocaloric control aged rats. Chronic alcohol consumption significantly affected heart performance, causing a marked reduction in both cardiac and work output. After ischaemia the work of all hearts was notably decreased; there was no work output in untreated hearts of alcoholic animals, whereas in hearts of alcoholic animals treated with ribose work output was only decreased by 35%. The acute response to ribose by hearts of aged chronically alcoholic animals suggests a role for this compound as a positive inotropic agent and clearly indicates the beneficial potential of ribose for inclusion in cardioplegic solutions or for infusion in alcoholic subjects showing signs of heart failure or chronic heart disease. PMID- 3151054 TI - Glycosyl-transferase activities in pancreas: comparison between semi-synthetic and commercial diets. AB - The glycosyl-transferase activities in the rat pancreas have been previously demonstrated to be modified by the quantity of different dietary components (lipids or proteins). To evaluate the role of the qualitative composition of the diet on such enzymic systems, two groups of rats were fed either a semi-synthetic diet or a commercial diet of very similar quantitative composition but differing in the quality of their components. The two diets induce a quite similar growth of animals, although the pancreas weight of the commercial-diet-fed rats is slightly higher. The galactosyl-, fucosyl- and mannosyl-transferase activities are more or less highly enhanced by the commercial diet according to the enzyme studied. The highest increase is observed for the biosynthesis of mannosyl phosphoryl-dolichol. This enhancement by the commercial diet disappears when exogenous phosphoryl-dolichol is added. Such results indicate that the mannose transfer is probably modified by an increased level of the pancreatic lipidic acceptor. PMID- 3151055 TI - A Ca2+-sensitive cyclic-3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase from sheep lung modulated by a tightly bound endogenous calmodulin. AB - Highly purified sheep lung cyclic-3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase was sensitive to Ca2+/EGTA but insensitive to exogenous calmodulin. The Ca2+ sensitivity was inhibited by trifluoperazine. Heat-treated enzyme could activate a calmodulin-deficient phosphodiesterase, suggesting the presence of endogenous calmodulin in sheep lung cyclic-3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase, possibly associated with the enzyme in a Ca2+-independent manner. PMID- 3151056 TI - Modification of porcine zona pellucida with fluorescein isothiocyanate: evidence for the presence of a structural unit consisting of glycoproteins in the mammalian egg coat. AB - Intact porcine ova and mechanically isolated zonae pellucidae from the ova were treated with a limiting amount of FITC in isotonic solutions at different pHs. The modified zona proteins were fractionated into three families (FTC-PZP1-3) by HPLC on a gel filtration column. It was found by this HPLC that the amino groups of PZP3 hardly reacted with FITC, whereas those of PZP1 and 2 fairly reacted, reflecting the organization of these families in the zona structure. The difference in reactivity of the three families with FITC suggested the presence of a structural unit in the zona, thus supporting the filamentous model of Wassarman. PMID- 3151057 TI - Effect of storage time on a dentine adhesive. PMID- 3151058 TI - Fish as front-line health workers. PMID- 3151059 TI - Induction of antigen presentation ability in purified cultures of astroglia by interferon-gamma. AB - The role of the immune system in the central nervous system has been elusive. Our original description of Ia bearing cells in the central nervous system was controversial, although it has now been confirmed in a variety of systems in both mouse and humans. The function of Ia bearing cells is however still unclear. Recently, others have shown that astrocytes from rats with EAE could present myelin basic protein to T cell clones; however, no other antigens were tested. We have used the culture systems of McCarthy and DeVellis to produce purified cultures of astrocytes and oligodendroglial cells from newborn mouse brains. Newborn brains were chosen since it is impossible to obtain pure cultures of differentiated brain cells from adult mice. Using these cultures, we showed that astrocyte, but not oligodendrocyte cultures treated with ConA supernatants or recombinant IFN-gamma are able to present antigen to appropriate but not inappropriate T cell hybrids. Untreated cells of either the astrocyte or oligodendroglial cell populations were ineffective at antigen presentation. Concomitant with this increase in antigen presenting ability, follows an increase in both the number and density of MHC class I and class II antigens. Antigen presentation was inhibited by appropriate but not inappropriate anti Ia monoclonal antibodies. Anti class I antibodies were ineffective. Depletion experiments showed that both I-A and I-E molecules are expressed on the antigen presenting cells. Thus, we have been able to show that Ia+ cells derived from pure cultures of astrocytes are able, after induction with IFN-gamma, to present antigen to T cell hybrids. This suggests a possible physiologic role of Ia bearing cells in CNS in initiation of immune responses. PMID- 3151060 TI - Antigen presentation by astrocytes--a commentary. PMID- 3151061 TI - Responses of B6.C-H-2bm12 to heterologous insulins show no correlation with the putative gene conversion but define Iabm12 as functionally unique. AB - The IA mutant mouse strain, B6.C-H-2bm12 (bm12) has been used to address several important questions for the role of Ia molecules in immune responses to foreign antigens. Numerous publications using bm12 mice have led to conclusions concerning (1) the number and relative importance of functional sites on Ia molecules; (2) the effects of qualitative versus quantitative differences in Ia; (3) whether T cells recognize Ia sequence or conformation; and (4) if gene conversion events, such as the one that putatively occurred in bm12, transfer functional Ir gene epitopes. Because of the importance of these conclusions, as well as their controversial nature, we have undertaken a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the aberrant immune response of bm12 mice to heterologous insulin. Responses to beef, horse, and sheep insulin were compared in B6 and bm12 mice by T cell proliferation, enumeration of plaque-forming cells, and quantitation of serum antibody levels. Various doses of antigen were administered and the kinetics of each response was monitored at various times. The findings of these studies suggest (1) B6 and bm12 mice both mount comparably high levels of response to sheep and horse insulins; (2) in contrast to the good response of B6 mice to beef insulin, bm12 mice showed dramatically impaired responses, as evident from both the lower magnitude of the response in all three assays as well as the difference in the kinetics of the response in B6 and bm12 mice; and (3) the response to sheep insulin is controlled by IA and IE encoded genes. These new findings differ from and extend previously published reports using bm12 mice, and therefore have substantive implications on the above stated conclusions regarding recognition of Ia. One such implication is that the bm12 gene conversion did not result in the transfer of a functional epitope for sheep insulin, but rather resulted in the creation of a functionally unique Ia molecule. Furthermore, this critical definition of the Ir gene lesion in bm12 permits us to address mechanistic questions regarding the nature of its Ir gene defect to beef insulin. PMID- 3151062 TI - In situ hybridization with fluorochrome-labeled cloned DNA for quantitative determination of the homologous mRNA in individual cells. AB - The transcriptional activity of genes may provide a reliable parameter for the ability of cells to synthesize and express gene products. In order to detect such transcription products not only qualitatively but also quantitatively, a method was developed to fluorochrome label cloned DNA coding for part of the constant fragment of the immunoglobulin mu-chain. Microfluorimetry of the bound fluorochrome allows a quantitative estimation of the amount of cloned DNA in the DNA-mRNA hybrids formed in the cytoplasm of individual cells by in situ hybridization and thus a quantitative estimation of the respective mRNA content. Moreover, upon appropriate preparation of the cells the simultaneous quantitative detection of surface antigenic properties with antibodies labeled with a second fluorochrome is possible. Such a cell preparation procedure was optimized according to the highest signal obtainable. In the system chosen, exemplary cells from normal donors and different lymphoproliferative disorders were investigated for their ability to express the immunoglobulin mu-chain. Whereas a B-CLL was positive for the mu-mRNA and a T-CLL was negative for it as expected, a number of non-T non-B cALLs contained varying fractions of mu-mRNA positive cells with varying intensities. This method will allow a more exact definition of differentiative steps in B-cell development with respect to surface antigenic pattern, activation of the immunoglobulin genes, first of all the mu-gene, and immunoglobulin content and expression. The same method can also be applied to other gene sequences for which cloned DNA fragments or cDNA is available, and for which the transcriptional activity in cells of defined surface antigenic properties is to be determined. PMID- 3151063 TI - Anti-mu antibody blocks LPS driven B cell differentiation by suppressing specific mRNAs. AB - High concentrations of anti-mu antibodies inhibit differentiation and increase proliferation of adult mouse splenic B cells stimulated by LPS. Cells from treated cultures express Ia antigens and on removal of anti-mu reexpress membrane IgM. They do not develop into plasmablasts secreting IgM. To investigate the mechanism of suppression we used Northern blots hybridized with cDNA probes to mu, kappa, J, and I-A beta chains to analyze RNAs in anti-mu suppressed and control cultures. Messenger RNAs for mu, kappa, and J chains but not I-A beta chain are diminished in anti-mu treated cells as compared to controls. Cells treated with anti-kappa antibodies have decreased mRNA levels for mu as well as kappa chains. Suppression mediated by modulation of the IgM receptor is not immunologically specific, but selectively inhibits expression of a cluster of unlinked genes which are coordinately activated during differentiation. PMID- 3151064 TI - The C mu gene is transcribed in IgG bearing B lymphocytes. AB - During the maturation of an immune response, some IgM bearing B lymphocytes differentiate into IgG secreting cells. Similarly, a subset of normal B cells cultured in the presence of a mitogen will develop into IgG synthesizing cells, many of which continue to express IgM. The experiments described in this paper utilize such IgG3 expressing B cells present in mitogen-stimulated cultures to address the continuing controversy over the molecular mechanism(s) allowing simultaneous expression of IgM and isotypes other than IgD. Nascent transcripts were labelled in vitro in order to determine whether the C mu gene was still transcribed in these cells. If no mu transcription was detected, then this would suggest that the mu chain protein, in cells expressing both IgM and IgG3, must be derived from translation of long-lived mu mRNA. Alternatively, detection of continued mu gene transcription would provide direct evidence for alternate processing of pre-mRNA transcripts encoding both mu and gamma gene sequences. The membrane IgG3+ (mIgG3+) cells were isolated from mitogen-stimulated cultures by staining and then sorting on a Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS). Prior to examining mu gene transcription in these cells, it was necessary to ascertain the purity of the sorted population. Accordingly, restaining of the sorted IgG3+ cells showed only a minor contamination by mIgM+IgG3- cells. Additionally, the majority of the mIgG3+ cells were also mIgM+. Most importantly, it was then demonstrated that the IgG3 detected on the cells was intrinsic to them rather than cytophilically adsorbed. By biosynthetic labelling, the sorted IgG3+ population was found to also actively secrete both IgM and IgG3. Examination of transcription showed that the IgG3+ cells were indeed transcribing the mu exons and were doing so at about 50% the level of an equal number of unseparated cells. It was determined that this level of C mu transcription is significantly higher than that which could be derived from the contaminating cells. Thus, it is clear that at least some IgG3 expressing cells have not deleted the C mu gene and therefore the gamma 3 mRNA in a portion of the cells expressing both IgM and IgG3 must be derived from pre-mRNA transcripts which contain both C mu and C gamma 3 sequences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3151066 TI - The economics of pressure ulcer prevention. PMID- 3151065 TI - Differential induction of class II gene expression in murine pre-B-cell lines by B-cell stimulatory factor-1 and by antibodies to B-cell surface antigens. AB - We have previously reported that BSF-1 and an alloantibody to the B-cell differentiation antigen Lyb2 induce class II gene expression in two Ia negative pre-B-cell lines. Two questions were asked in these studies. The first question is whether the different stimuli which we and others have shown to induce class II expression in B-cells act via the same signal transduction mechanisms. The second question is whether the traditionally accepted pathway of B-cell differentiation, as defined by immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangement, is applicable to other events that occur during B-cell differentiation. In this report, we have therefore examined a large panel of pre-B-cell lines at different stages of Ig gene rearrangement in an attempt to 1) identify the stage in B-cell development where class II gene expression occurs and where it becomes inducible by BSF-1 or anti-Lyb2, and 2) compare the signal transduction mechanisms used by these ligands. The majority of pre-B-cell lines tested did not express BSF-1 receptors and were consequently noninducible for class II by BSF-1; such cell lines were, however, inducible for class II expression by anti-Lyb2 and, in addition, by antibodies to the B220 membrane glycoprotein. The induction of class II molecules by BSF-1 and by anti-Lyb2 and anti-B220 differed in several respects: 1) Induction by anti-Lyb2 and anti-B220 did not require the presence of BSF-1 receptors; 2) BSF-1 selectively induced class II antigen expression while anti-Lyb2 and anti-B220 induced the expression of other surface markers as well; and 3) PGE2 inhibited BSF-1 but not antibody-mediated class II induction. Finally, the presence of receptors for BSF-1 and the baseline expression of cell surface Ia was shown to be unlinked to Ig gene rearrangement and expression in this series of pre-B-cell lines. The independent regulation of Ia and Ig genes observed here may reflect a branching rather than a linear pathway for B-cell differentiation. The differentiation of pre-B-cells to mature Ig-secreting cells should probably not be defined solely by rearrangement of Ig genes, since this is likely to represent an oversimplified view of B-cell differentiation. PMID- 3151067 TI - Reduced frequency of luteinizing hormone pulses in women with weight loss-related amenorrhoea and multifollicular ovaries. AB - We have studied pulsatile secretion of LH in 10 women with secondary amenorrhoea and multifollicular ovaries (MFO). This group of patients have a history of mild to moderate, or partially recovered weight loss. They have normal basal LH concentrations but evidence of oestrogen deficiency suggesting a hypothalamic abnormality of gonadotrophin regulation. The results of gonadotrophin pulse analysis were compared with those in normal women during the early follicular phase of the cycle. The mean LH concentration during the 8 h study (5.0 +/- 0.9 [SD] U/l) was not significantly different from that in normal women (5.7 +/- 2.5). There was no difference between the groups in mean LH pulse amplitude (2.1 +/- 0.5 in MFO; 2.2 +/- 1.3 in normal women). The frequency of LH pulses was, however, significantly lower in women with MFO (2.8 +/- 1.6 vs 4.8 +/- 1.5, P less than 0.05). Two women with MFO had LH pulses of normal frequency. One subsequently developed a normal pattern of ovarian follicles. The other showed a sleep-related rise in LH concentrations during a 24 h profile which was similar to the pattern of gonadotrophin secretion normally observed during late puberty. These results show that women with MFO have a hypothalamic disturbance of gonadotrophin regulation with slowing of LH pulses without a diminution of pulse amplitude. PMID- 3151069 TI - [Hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and aldose reductase in human fetal lenses]. PMID- 3151070 TI - Barriers influencing dental care in long-term care facilities. PMID- 3151068 TI - Effects of changing gonadotrophin-releasing hormone pulse frequency on gonadotrophin secretion in men. AB - To investigate the effects of alterations in GnRH pulse frequency on gonadotrophin secretion, we administered low dose GnRH pulses (25 ng/kg) at hourly or 2-hourly frequencies to eight normal men. All subjects received GnRH pulses i.v. every 2 h for 88 h. Following this, exogenous GnRH was discontinued in four normal men (Group A, GnRH withdrawal), and the frequency of GnRH injections was increased to one pulse every hour for 24 h in the other four normal men (Group B, hourly GnRH). Blood samples were obtained every 20 min for LH and FSH and every 12 h for testosterone (T) and oestradiol (E2). Plasma LH increased in all subjects during injection of GnRH pulses every 2h. Withdrawal of GnRH pulses in Group A men was accompanied by a fall in mean LH, reductions in LH pulse amplitude (means +/- SEM: control 6.5 +/- 1.0; GnRH withdrawal 4.0 +/- 0.5 mIU/ml) and pulse frequency (control 5.5 +/- 0.2; GnRH withdrawal 3.5 +/- 0.7 pulses/12 h), and an increase in plasma E2 (control 122 +/- 15; GnRH withdrawal 340 +/- 37 pmol/l). Gonadotrophin responses to GnRH (25 ng/kg) were normal when tested 32 h after GnRH withdrawal. Injection of hourly GnRH pulses in Group B men was accompanied by a time-dependent change in mean LH, which transiently rose, then fell, and subsequently rose to a plateau during the second 12 h period of hourly GnRH. The final rise in LH was accompanied by an increase in LH frequency to 11.8 +/- 0.3 pulses/12 h. These data suggest that: (1) increases in gonadal steroids decrease LH secretion by reducing the amplitude and frequency of endogenous GnRH pulses; and (2) the normal adult male pituitary requires approximately 12 h to initiate a sustained increase in LH secretion in response to a doubling in GnRH pulse frequency. PMID- 3151071 TI - DT-diaphorase-catalyzed two-electron reduction of various p-benzoquinone- and 1,4 naphthoquinone epoxides. AB - The oxidation of various quinones by H2O2 results in quinone epoxide formation. The yield of epoxidation is inversely related to the degree of methyl substitution of the quinone and seems not to be dependent on the redox potential of the quinones studied. The following order of H2O2-mediated epoxidation of quinones was found: p-benzoquinone greater than or equal to 1,4-naphthoquinone greater than 2-methyl-p-benzoquinone greater than 2,6-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone greater than or equal to 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone greater than 2,3-dimethyl 1,4-naphthoquinone. DT-Diaphorase reduces several quinone epoxides at different rates. The rate of quinone epoxide reduction cannot be related to either the redox potential of the quinone epoxide (as reflected by the half-wave potential calculated from the corresponding hydrodynamic voltamograms) or the degree of substitution of the quinone epoxide. It appears, however, that a quinone epoxide redox potential more negative than -0.5 to -0.6 volts settles a threshold for the electron transfer reaction. This does not exclude that specificity requirements, i.e. the formation of the quinone epoxide substrate-enzyme complex may chiefly determine the rate of reduction of quinone epoxides by DT-diaphorase. DT diaphorase-catalyzed two-electron transfer to quinone epoxides--resulting in epoxide ring opening--yields 2-OH-p-benzohydroquinone or 2-OH-1,4 naphthohydroquinone products. These hydroxy-derivatives show a higher rate of autoxidation than do the parent hydroquinones lacking the OH substituent. PMID- 3151072 TI - Methylene blue protects intestinal mucosa from free radical-mediated sublethal radiation damage. AB - Susceptibility of the intestine to radiation damage is a primary reason for the failure of external beam radiation to cure intra-abdominal cancer. High-dose irradiation causes intestinal denudation, fluid loss, and resultant shock. Simple and effective methods for protecting the intestine from irradiation damage are not available. Many biological effects of ionizing irradiation are caused by free radical intermediates. We have previously reported that many of the toxicities of doxorubicin, a classic free radical generating anticancer agent, are blocked by methylene blue pretreatment. We have now found that pretreatment with methylene blue protects rats from intestinal damage, as measured histologically and by quantitative stool blood determinations. Whereas the exact mechanisms of this protection remain elusive, we believe this method of modulating the therapeutic index of ionizing radiation deserves additional preclinical and clinical study. PMID- 3151073 TI - [Effect of free radical scavengers on the activity of lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenase]. PMID- 3151074 TI - [The application of collagen-solution on periodontal osseous defects in colony bred monkeys. Experimental and histopathological studies]. PMID- 3151075 TI - [A case of diabetic orthostatic hypotension effectively managed with L-dops (L threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine)]. PMID- 3151076 TI - The deformation matrix theory of basement membrane: a study of water flow through elastic and rigid filaments in the rat. AB - 1. When the volume of water per unit time which flows through natural elastic basement membrane is divided by the applied pressure, the value-the hydraulic conductivity-is not constant but decreases as pressure increases. In contrast when the same membrane is tanned with glutaraldehyde and rendered inelastic, the hydraulic conductivity is constant at all pressures. 2. Over a pressure range of 0-6.7 kPa equivalent to a membrane stress of 0-195 kPa in natural elastic membrane the hydraulic conductivity (Lp) can be related by the linear equation Lp = Lp.0 + apP where P is the hydraulic pressure, Lp.0 is the initial hydraulic conductivity and ap is a constant which is the decreased hydraulic conductivity per unit pressure (correlation coefficient 0.764. P less than 0.001). 3. The initial conductivity of the basement membrane of the crystalline lens of the adult rat (lens capsule) was 47.6 +/- 7.3 x 10(-12) m s-1 Pa-1 while the decrease in hydraulic conductivity per unit increase in pressure was -3.38 x 10(-15) m s-1 Pa-2. 4. Following tanning with glutaraldehyde the hydraulic conductivity was constant at 27.4 +/- 4.0 x 10(-12) m s-1 Pa-1. 5. A change in the configuration of the superhelices of the filaments of type IV collagen which form the framework of basement membrane is termed. 'The deformation matrix theory' and can satisfactorily account for the changes in hydraulic conductivity of both natural and tanned membrane. 6. In natural membrane the filaments deform easily and the pitch of the filament superhelices is increased by axial stress induced by pressure. The filaments straighten and become compacted together and the hydraulic permeability is thereby decreased. 7. In tanned membrane the filaments become more rigid and axial stress barely deforms them: moreover the pitch of the filament superhelices is decreased so that the filaments become more closely coiled and compacted together. Because of these changes the hydraulic conductivity is reduced as compared with unstressed natural membrane and remains unaltered by increasing pressure. PMID- 3151077 TI - The peripheral-chemoreceptor threshold to carbon dioxide in man. AB - 1. The threshold of the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide mediated by the peripheral chemoreceptors was determined under mild hypoxic conditions during both rest and exercise in eight volunteers. 2. The method used was an adaptation of the Read rebreathing technique, modified for hypoxia and with prior hyperventilation. The method produced values of ventilation and carbon dioxide which, when plotted against each other, exhibited three straight-line segments of differing slopes. The break-points were interpreted as the resting peripheral- and central-chemoreceptor thresholds. 3. Similar plots of exercise ventilation and carbon dioxide were used to determine the peripheral-chemoreceptor threshold during exercise. However, the points for these plots were obtained from a number of separate rebreathing experiments in such a way as to avoid the divergence between the carbon dioxide levels as measured at the mouth and those at the site of the central chemoreceptors, which would normally occur during rebreathing in exercise. 4. During the course of rebreathing experiments similar to those done at rest, mild treadmill exercise was begun abruptly. The ventilation measured at the third breath of exercise was plotted against the level of carbon dioxide at which the exercise started. In this way, each such rebreathing experiment provided a single point for the plot of ventilation against carbon dioxide in exercise. 5. The results showed that the threshold of the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide mediated by the peripheral chemoreceptors was approximately 39 mmHg (5.2 kPa) while that for the central chemoreceptors was approximately 45 mmHg (6.0 kPa). Neither the peripheral-chemoreceptor threshold, nor the peripheral-chemoreceptor sensitivity to carbon dioxide was changed at the start of exercise. PMID- 3151078 TI - Spontaneous release of multiquantal miniature excitatory junction potentials induced by a Drosophila mutant. AB - 1. Intracellular recordings were made from muscle fibre No. 6 of the dorsal longitudinal flight muscle (DLM) of Drosophila melanogaster in both wild-type flies and the temperature-sensitive paralytic mutant, shibirets-1 (shi). 2. Continuous recordings of the miniature excitatory junction potentials (MEJPs) in this fibre were made as the temperature was changed from 19 to 29 degrees C, and back to 19 degrees C. In shi flies, synapses become depleted of vesicles at 29 degrees C due to a temperature-dependent blockage in the recycling process, while transmitter release proceeds normally. When the temperature is lowered to 19 degrees C, recycling is allowed to proceed and recovery of the full complement of synaptic vesicles gradually occurs in about 20 min. 3. It was observed that the MEJP amplitude distribution in shi flies was unimodal at 19 degrees C prior to heating (as was wild-type), but during recovery from 8 min exposure to 29 degrees C became multimodal, with peaks at roughly integral multiples of the original peak prior to heating. This effect was never seen in wild-type flies. 4. Also, during recovery, the MEJP did not occur randomly, but rather occurred in a clustered fashion. 5. It is concluded that during recovery from depletion in shi neuromuscular junctions, a condition exists which causes the synchronization of spontaneous release, causing multiquantal MEJPs or clustering of MEJPs, depending on the degree of synchronization. 6. The possible role of Ca2+ in this phenomenon is discussed. PMID- 3151079 TI - Electrical transients produced by the toad urinary bladder in response to altered medium osmolality. AB - 1. The effects of changes in media osmolality on the transepithelial current through the toad urinary bladder under voltage-clamp conditions have been studied. Over the limited range (+/- 24 mosmol/kg H2O) used in these investigations, changes in the osmolality of the mucosal bathing fluid produced no changes in transepithelial current. 2. Changes in osmolality of the serosal fluid greatly affected the transepithelial current with a decrease (increase) in osmolality producing a sustained increase (decrease) in current. 3. The changes in steady-state current were approximately proportional to the magnitude of the osmotic steps and were reproducible and reversible if the osmolalities of the solutions were confined to a domain of 220-260 mosmol/kg H2O. 4. Amiloride, which was used to block all active current, also eliminated the electrical responses to an osmotic pulse, indicating that the responses were of cellular origin. 5. The effects of substituting gluconate for medium chloride were examined. Similar responses were observed, indicating that they were not due to changes in a plasma membrane chloride conductance. 6. The transient currents observed during the changes from one steady state to the other often contained an oscillatory component, the amplitude and the degree of damping of which varied between bladders. The amplitude of the oscillations, but not their frequency, could be varied by altering the magnitude of the osmotic pulse and by changing the imposed transepithelial voltage. Decreasing the electrical potential of the mucosal solution with respect to that of the serosal solution decreased the amplitude of the oscillations, as did increased serosal potassium or substitution of gluconate for serosal chloride. The period of the oscillations always remained within the range of 9-12 min. 7. The results suggest that two major processes are initiated by an osmotic step in the serosal bathing medium. The first involves the establishment of new ion gradients and the second, alterations in sodium pump activity. In addition, there is evidence for a voltage-dependent sodium conductance in the apical membrane. PMID- 3151080 TI - Measurement of fractionated water loss and CO2 production using triply labelled water. AB - The doubly labelled water (DLW) method for measuring CO2 production has recently been the subject of much interest since no other technique gives integrated values for CO2 production over long periods by free-living subjects. The importance of evaporative water loss and fractionation factors to the calculation of CO2 production using this technique is described. Present methods of estimating evaporative water loss and the use of fractionation factors are summarized together with a discussion of their limitations. A novel technique is proposed whereby water labelled with three isotopes can be used to measure evaporative water loss and CO2 production in completely free-living subjects, and the feasibility of the method is tested in simulations using experimental data. This technique has three advantages over existing methods of estimating evaporative water loss: (1) it can be used in completely free-living subjects without any additional experimental procedures (e.g. water-balance studies or physical trapping of water vapour); (2) it gives a direct estimate of fractionated evaporative water loss in each subject, since non-fractionated water lost as vapour is automatically compensated for; and (3) the routes of water loss do not have to be known. The appropriate calculations are presented together with a discussion of the difficulties of measuring oxygen-17 by mass spectrometry. It is estimated that the maximum theoretical error on calculated CO2 production is +/- 0.3%. Practical ways of achieving this theoretical level of accuracy are suggested. We conclude that the proposed technique will allow correction for evaporative water loss to be made more exactly, thereby increasing the accuracy of the heavy water technique for measuring CO2 production in free-living subjects. PMID- 3151081 TI - [Methods used for evaluating mutagenic and genotoxic properties of chemical compounds. I. The micronucleus test in vivo (an abridged version)]. AB - Methods applied within the micronuclear test in vivo for evaluation of genotoxic effects of chemical substances upon the bone marrow cells of mammals are presented. The test consists of administering the test compound to animals and then, after 30, 48 and 72 hours, making preparations from the bone marrow and calculating the percentage of polychromatic erythrocytes with micronuclei (index of genotoxic effects of the compound) and the ratio of polychromatic to normochromatic erythrocytes (index of toxic effects of the substance on bone marrow cells). As a criterion of genotoxic effects of the compound, adopted is a significant and reproducible difference of results at least once or a significant increase in the percentage of polychromatic erythrocytes with micronuclei and dose-response relationship. PMID- 3151082 TI - Control of schistosomiasis mansoni: an outlook from current expectation. PMID- 3151084 TI - Immunoregulation in human schistosomiasis by idiotypic interactions and lymphokine-mediated mechanisms. AB - Anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) T cells from schistosomiasis patients or former patients proliferate upon exposure to polyclonal or monoclonal anti-soluble egg antigen (SEA) antibodies. Chloroquine does not inhibit, the response, which is induced by F(ab')2 (but not soluble Fab) fragments of these antibodies. Purified T cells from former patients require macrophages or exogenous IL-1 to respond to anti-SEA Ids and can respond to matrix-bound Fab fragments in the presence of IL-1. These anti-Id T cells recognize the Ids directly. Chronic schistosomiasis patients immunoregulate the production of a non-IL-2 lymphokine that stimulates IL-2 receptor expression on resting T cells. This regulation is reversed upon chemotherapeutic cure. PMID- 3151083 TI - Human antibody responses to Schistosoma mansoni: does antigen directed, isotype restriction result in the production of blocking antibodies? AB - After treatment young Kenyan schoolchildren are highly susceptible to reinfection with Schistosoma mansoni. Older children and adults are resistant to reinfection. There is no evidence that this age related resistance is due to a slow development of protective immunological mechanisms, rather, it appears that young children are susceptible because of the presence of blocking antibodies which decline with age, thus allowing the expression of protective responses. Correlations between antibody responses to different stages of the parasite life cycle suggest that, in young children, antigen directed, isotype restriction of the response against cross-reactive polysaccharide egg antigens results in an ineffectual, or even blocking antibody response to the schistosomulum. PMID- 3151086 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: protective antigens. PMID- 3151085 TI - Prospects for a nonliving vaccine against schistosomiasis based on cell-mediated immune resistance mechanisms. AB - We have designed a vaccine model based on induction of cell-mediated immunity and shown that it protects mice against Schistosoma mansoni infection. Mice are immunized by intradermal injection with schistosome antigens plus BCG. Resistance is dependent on the route of antigen presentation and the adjuvant chosen. The pattern of resistance correlates with sensitization of T lymphocytes for production of gamma interferon, a macrophage activating lymphokine that stimulates the cellular effector mechanism of protection. Purified schistosome paramyosin, a muscle cell component present in soluble parasite antigenic preparations, is immunogenic for T lymphocytes and induces resistance when given intradermally with BCG. It is likely that this protein, and possibly other soluble molecules that are released by the parasites of a challenge infection, induce a cellular inflammatory response resulting in larval trapping and/or killing by activated macrophages. These results verify the feasibility of a vaccine against schistosomiasis based on induction of cell-mediated immune resistance mechanisms. PMID- 3151087 TI - [Schistosomiasis mansoni: dynamics of transmission]. AB - The following remarks were addressed at the round table that discussed the alternative approaches to schistosomiasis control. The address begins with a short analysis of the progressive spread of the area of distribution of the disease, and of the difficulties faced by those in charge of control programs, conventional or otherwise. A model was sketched, taking into consideration the distinct classes of factors involved in the dynamics of transmission: biological, immunological, ecological, socio-cultural, and economical. The true significance and pertinence of such a model was analysed, and the relevant questions that must be answered before a true representative model can be constructed, were listed. PMID- 3151088 TI - Drug resistance in schistosomiasis: a review. AB - Drug resistance associated with the treatment of human schistosomiasis appears to be an emerging problem requiring more attention from the scientific community than the subject currently receives. Drug-resistant strains of Schistosoma mansoni have been isolated by various investigators as a result of laboratory experimentation or from a combination of field and laboratory studies. Review of this data appears to indicate that the lack of susceptibility observed for some of the isolated strains cannot be ascribed solely to previous administration of antischistosome drugs and thus further studies are required to elucidate this phenomena. Strains of S. mansoni have now been identified from Brazil which are resistant to oxamniquine, hycanthone and niridazole; from Puerto Rico which are resistant to hycanthone and oxamniquine; and from Kenya which are resistant to niridazole and probably oxamniquine. Strains derived by in vitro selection and resistant to oxamniquine and possibly to oltipraz are also available. All of these strains are currently maintained in the laboratory in snails and mice, thus providing for the first time an opportunity for indepth comparative studies. Preliminary data indicates that S. haematobium strains resistant to metrifonate may be occurring in Kenya. This problem could poise great difficulty in the eventual development of antischistosomal agents. Biomphalaria glabrata from Puerto Rico and Brazil were found to be susceptible to drug-resistant S. mansoni from each country. PMID- 3151090 TI - Heterologous resistance in schistosomiasis. PMID- 3151091 TI - Antigenic enzymes of Schistosoma mansoni: possible use for immunodiagnosis. AB - Different enzymes of Schistosoma mansoni are recognized by IgG antibodies present in the sera of infected human patients. The antigenicity of these enzymes suggests their possible use in immunodiagnostic assays that would take advantage of their activities. PMID- 3151089 TI - Anti-schistosomal drugs: observations on the mechanism of drug resistance to hycanthone, and on the involvement of host antibodies in the mode of action of praziquantel. AB - This paper reports recent observations from our laboratory dealing with the anti schistosome drugs hycanthone (HC) and praziquantel (PZQ). In particular, we discuss a laboratory model of drug resistance to HC in Schistosoma mansoni and show that drug sensitive and resistant lines of the parasite can be differentiated on the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms using homologous ribosomal gene probes. In addition, we summarize data demonstrating that effective chemotherapy of S. mansoni infection with PZQ in mice requires the presence of host anti-parasite antibodies. These antibodies bind to PZQ treated worms and may be involved in an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity reactions which result in the clearance of worms from the vasculature. PMID- 3151093 TI - Snail host control in the eastern coastal areas of north-east (NE) Brazil. PMID- 3151092 TI - Analysis of antibody responses of Schistosoma mansoni infected patients against schistosomal antigens. PMID- 3151094 TI - Why it is difficult to control Biomphalaria glabrata, the vector snail of schistosomiasis. AB - The author studied some protective behaviors of Biomphalaria glabrata (vertical movements, response to molluscicides and response to water currents) and demonstrated how these activities hamper the control of this snail, which is the main vector of schistosomiasis in Brazil. PMID- 3151096 TI - Schistosoma mansoni--NZ rabbit-model: resistance due to infection and active immunization with adult worm antigen. PMID- 3151095 TI - Schistosomiasis mansoni: immunodiagnosis aspects and search for an immunological marker related to therapeutic efficacy. AB - The recent findings on immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni have shown that purified Schistosoma mansoni antigens do not provide maximum positivity. Therefore, the authors suggest the use of semi-purified antigens for diagnostic purposes. So far, no serological marker for cured patients as shown by negative stool examination was found. However, a tendency of IgG antibody titre decrease was observed, when egg antigen was used. PMID- 3151098 TI - Study of the in vitro cell proliferation of lymphocytes from Manson's schistosomiasis patients treated with praziquantel. PMID- 3151097 TI - Role of a mouse monoclonal IgE antibody in passive transfer of immunity to Schistosoma japonicum infection. AB - We have been able to produce a mouse monoclonal IgE antibody specific to an adult worm antigen extracted from Schistosoma japonicum (Sj). The antibody was able to elicit passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the rat skin against Sj with the highest titer of 1:256,000 but did not cross-react with S. mansoni antigen. The antibody recognized a 97-kDa molecule expressed on the surface of mechanically transformed schistosoma of S. japonicum. Passive transfer of the antibody into mice in the early stage of challenge infection resulted in a partial but significant reduction of recovery of adult worms. Induction of eosinophilia by an oral administration of embryonated eggs of Toxocara canis prior to challenge infection enhanced the reduction. PMID- 3151099 TI - Extra-tissular Schistosoma mansoni egg granulomata in the peritoneal cavity of mice. AB - The presence of Schistosoma mansoni eggs surrounded by inflammatory cells were detected within the peritoneal cavity of experimentally infected mice. The histological and ultrastructural analysis revealed the predominantly macrophagic composition of these structures. The presence of epithelioid cells, macrophages in different stages of activation and the architectural pattern of the cells, characterize these structures as extra-tissular true granulomas. Granulomas much similar to those observed in the peritoneal cavity of infected mice were also detected after the intraperitoneal injection of viable eggs in non-infected mice. Collagen fibers were observed in between the inflammatory cells of granulomas obtained 10 weeks after infection and 48 hours after the injection of viable eggs into the peritoneal cavity. In later times of infection or injection the amount of collagen fibers increases resulting in a typical pattern of healed schistosoma egg granulomas. The possible influence of the immune response on the genesis of the granulomatous reaction as well as the influence of the vascularized connective tissue on this process is discussed. PMID- 3151100 TI - Splenic fibrosis in patients with chronic schistosomiasis. PMID- 3151101 TI - Congenital and nursing effects on the evolution of Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice. AB - Modification of the immune response to schistosomal infection in children or offspring born to mother R infected with Schistosoma mansoni has been demonstrated in human and in experimental schistosomiasis. One of the hypothesis to explain this fact could be the transfer of circulating antigens and antibodies from mother to foetus through the placenta or from mother to child by milk. The results of this spontaneous transference are controversial in the literature. In an attempt to investigate these questions, we studied one hundred and twenty offspring (Swiss mice), sixty born to infected-mothers (group A) and sixty born to non-infected mothers (group B). These were percutaneously infected with 50 cercariae/mouse, and divided in six sub-groups (20 mice/sub-group), according to the following schedule: after birth (sub-groups A.I and B.I), 10 days old (sub groups A.II and B.II) and 21 days old (sub-groups A.III and B.III). After the exposure period, the young mice returned to their own mothers for nursing. Six weeks later, the mice were killed. We obtained the following results: 1) There is transference of antibody to cercariae (CAP), adult worms (SWAP) and egg antigens (SEA) from the infected mothers to the offspring, probably through placenta and milk; 2) Offspring born to infected mothers exhibit much less coagulative hepatic necrosis and show a lower number of eggs in the small intestine and a less intense and predominant exsudative stage of the hepatic granulomas when compared with the exsudative-productive stage of the control groups. The findings suggest that congenital and nursing factors can interfere on the development of the schistosomiasis infection, causing an hyporesponse to the eggs. PMID- 3151102 TI - Induced tolerance to Schistosoma mansoni antigens modulates periovular granuloma. AB - Immunological tolerance to Schistosoma mansoni antigens induced by oral exposure of neonatal and adult mice to adult worm, soluble egg and polysaccharide antigens conducted to modulated periovular granuloma of infected mice. However the tolerance do not interfere in the infection. The estimative population and subpopulation of lymphocytes in the spleen of tolerized (not infected) animals do not differ from normal animals but Lyt 2.2 reactive lymphocytes to Schistosoma antigens was demonstrated in the tolerized animals. PMID- 3151104 TI - Levels of lethal antibody during the course of infection with Schistosoma mansoni in rats and mice. AB - Schistosoma mansoni infected hosts produce an IgG that mediates the complement dependent killing of schistosomula in vitro. In this study, we followed the levels of serum lethal antibody during infection of rats and mice. Rats presented detectable lethal activity early in the course of infection with a peak in the 6 8th week of infection. This activity declined to non-detectable levels within 2 weeks, remaining low up to the 20-26th week. In mice, lethal antibody was not detected before 7-12 weeks of infection, but raised to higher levels, as compared to non-infected animals, up to 20-24 weeks after infection. We correlate lethal antibody and protective immunity suggesting that the antibody-mediated complement dependent cytotoxicity to schistosomula play a role in the immunity to reinfection. PMID- 3151103 TI - Altered lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine release in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni in Brazil. PMID- 3151105 TI - Health education for children in the control of schistosomiasis. AB - Health education for children is an important measure in the control of schistosomiasis especially considering the characteristics of the disease during childhood, such as high prevalence, high percent of treatment resistance, high rates of egg elimination and high level of reinfection, as reported in studies conducted in endemic areas. All of these facts indicate that children play a role in the maintenance and transmission of schistosomiasis. Historically in Brazil, Health Education concerning the major Brazilian endemies consists of a kind of vertical, interventionist and temporary action. An alternative would be to create a permanent health education process by assigning health education teachers to elementary schools. This would require expansion and improvement of teacher training and the development of programs taking into account: 1) the cognitive aspects of the child, the child's perception of reality and of the health/illness process; 2) the adaptation of instruction means and materials to the age group; 3) a "pedagogy of liberation" approach emphasizing the possibility of transforming life conditions since schistosomiasis is related to the lack of public services such as basic sanitation and clean domestic water supply. PMID- 3151106 TI - [Spread of schistosomiasis mansoni in Minas Gerais]. PMID- 3151107 TI - [Effect of specific therapy on the prevention and reversal of severe forms of schistosomiasis]. PMID- 3151108 TI - [Effect of specific therapy on the levels of schistosomiasis mansoni infection]. PMID- 3151109 TI - Specific treatment of advanced schistosomiasis liver disease in man: favourable results. AB - One hundred eighty-four patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni from the northeast of Brazil were studied. All were treated with a single dose of Oxamniquine or Praziquantel, and were observed over 6 to 12 months. Special attention was given to the evolution of severe hepatopathy. Favourable results were obtained, particularly with the compensated hepatosplenic form. Hepatic function showed great improvement. Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were significantly reduced in size, to a greater or lesser extent, in the great majority of patients. The implications of the results obtained are considered below. PMID- 3151110 TI - Relevant problems to the epidemiology of mansonic schistosomiasis. PMID- 3151111 TI - [Chemoprophylactic activity of soaps containing essential oil from the fruit of Pterodon pubescens in schistosomiasis mansoni]. AB - It has been studied the chemoprophylactic action on experimental schistosomiasis of the essential oil from Pterodon pubescens "sucupira branca" as an additive through different formulations, in toilet soap. Immediately or 24 hours later, groups of mice were exposed by tail method to Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. After 45 days of the exposition, the protective action of these soaps were evaluated. The results showed different levels of protection, ranging from 29.0 to 100.0%. Further studies are on going with the most promising formulations. PMID- 3151112 TI - [Isolation of a human strain of Schistosoma mansoni, Sambon,1907]. AB - In this paper the authors briefly describe a human Schistosoma mansoni strain from Para State, Brazil. The CIRENE'S strain was capable of infecting 71.4% of the snail vector Biomphalaria glabrata (Telegrafo's strain) provided by the "Evando Chagas" Institute, Belem. The cycle was completed by the infection of six mice. The thoracic and abdominal organs were examined microscopically which demonstrated the passage of the worm into the liver and lungs. The authors discuss the importance of these results in the epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Para. PMID- 3151113 TI - [Action of oxamniquine on Schistosoma mansoni in mice experimentally infected with a strain from Kenya]. PMID- 3151114 TI - Comparison of pathologic changes in mammalian hosts infected with Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum and S. haematobium. AB - The hepatic, intestinal and cardiopulmonary lesions produced by Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium and S. japonicum in man and experimental animals often bear striking similarities but usually have distinctive features as well. These are often related to parasitologic differences. Thus S. japonicum and S. haematobium lay their eggs in clusters which elicit the formation of large composite granulomas. The worms of these two species also tend to be sedentary, remaining in a single location for prolonged periods, thus producing large focal lesions in the intestines or urinary tract. Worm pairs of these two species also are gregarious and many worm pairs are often found in a single lesion. The size of circumoval granulomas, and the degree of fibrosis, are T cell dependent. The modulation of granuloma size is largely T cell dependent in mice infected with S. mansoni but is mostly regulated by serum factors in S. japonicum infected mice. In spite of these differences in egg laying and immunoregulation both S. mansoni and S. japonicum produce Symmers' fibrosis in the chimpanzee while S. haematobium does not, despite the presence of numerous eggs in the liver. PMID- 3151116 TI - "In vivo" kinetics of eosinophils and mast cells in experimental murine schistosomiasis. AB - During the schistosomiasis infection there is a "dance of the cells", varying from site to site and related to the time of infection. 1--Eosinophil levels exhibit a bimodal pattern, with the first peak related to the egg deposition and maturation and increased Kupfferian hyperplasia; the second peak precedes the death of some adult worms; 2--The peritoneal eosinophilic levels are inversely proportional to the blood eosinophilic levels; 3--Eosinopoiesis in the bone marrow begins at day 40, reaching the highest levels at day 50 and coincides with hepatic eosinophilic and neutrophilic metaplasia; 4--Peritoneal mast cell levels present a bimodal pattern similar to the blood eosinophils, and inverse to the peritoneal eosinophils. They also show a cyclic behaviour within the hepatic and intestinal granulomas. Integral analysis of the events related to the eosinophils in the blood, bone marrow, peritoneal cavity and hepatic and intestinal granulomas allows the detection of two important eosinophilic phases: the first is due to mobilization and redistribution of the marginal pool and the second originates from eosinophilic production in the bone marrow and liver. The productive phase is characterized by an increase in the number of eosinophils and monocyte/macrophages, and a decrease in neutrophils and stabilization of megakariocytes and erithroid lineages. PMID- 3151115 TI - Granulomatous hypersensitivity to Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens in human schistosomiasis. I. Granuloma formation and modulation around polyacrylamide antigen-conjugated beads. AB - We have developed an in vitro model of granuloma formation for the purpose of studying the immunological components of delayed type hypersensitivity granuloma formation in patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Our data show that 1) granulomatous hypersensitivity can be studied by examining the cellular reactivity manifested as multiple cell layers surrounding the antigen conjugated beads; 2) this reactivity is a CD4 cell dependent, macrophage dependent, B cell independent response and 3) the in vitro granuloma response is antigenically specific for parasite egg antigens. Studies designed to investigate the immune regulation of granulomatous hypersensitivity using purified populations of either CD4 or CD8 T cells have demonstrated the complexity of cellular interactions in the suppression of granulomatous hypersensitivity. The anti-S. mansoni egg immune responses of individual patients with chronic intestinal schistosomiasis can be classified either as soluble egg antigen (SEA) hypersensitive with maximal granulomatous hypersensitivity or SEA suppressive with activation of the T cell suppressor pathway with effective SEA granuloma modulation. Our data suggest that T cell network interactions are active in the generation of effective granuloma modulation in chronic intestinal schistosomiasis patients. PMID- 3151117 TI - Epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China. PMID- 3151118 TI - A review of achievements of the national schistosomiasis control program in middle and upper Egypt areas. AB - In Egypt the "national schistosomiasis control program" was formulated to control transmission by reduction of prevalence and intensity of current infections, and thereby achieve an acceptable level of schistosomiasis disease control. The program was implemented foremost in Middle Egypt (1977) and Upper Egypt (1980), collectively extending 800 km alongside of the River Nile and accommodate about 10.5 million people. Schistosoma haematobium has been essentially the prevailing species infection in both areas. The strategy of control entailed both area-wide mollusciciding with niclosamide, and selective population chemotherapy with metrifonate. Evaluation in 1986 showed that prevalence dropped from pre-control 29.4% in Middle Egypt and 26.3% in Upper Egypt to 6% and 7.8% respectively, together with a remarkable drop of infections among children. Also mean intensity attained low levels consistent of low grade infections. It is evident therefore that in these areas where an enhancement of schistosomiasis infections had been anticipated the employment of the twofold strategy effected a state of low prevalence/low-intensity signifying a lowered reservoir of infection and a substantial interference with the potentials of transmission. PMID- 3151119 TI - The Venezuelan experience in the control of schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - Schistosomiasis mansoni endemic zone of Venezuela is located in the valleys of the north central mountain region, with an extension of 15,000 km2 and inhabited by 5.1 million persons. The disease was discovered in 1906, but an organized Control Program was not established until 1943. Its basic activity has been the control of the snail vector, but prevention of man-water contact, prevention of snail infection, treatment of infected people and sanitary instruction, have also been carried out. Prevalence has diminished from 14.7% (1943-60) to 0.9% (1981 84). At present few active foci still persist, but a low transmission rate and low morbidity makes it difficult to know the exact number of infected people, which has been estimulated to be about 50,000. PMID- 3151120 TI - Immune response in different clinical groups of schistosomiasis patients. PMID- 3151121 TI - Medical care in the last twelve months of life: the relation between age, functional status, and medical care expenditures. AB - Medical care expenditures of a group of decedents during their last year of life suggest that high-technology medical services may be allocated most rationally than is generally assumed. Patients who received intensive hospital and physician services were largely the "young old," aged 65 to 79 years with good functional status, while the frail "older old," aged 80 years and over, received largely supportive care. Total care expenses of the older old were only slightly below those of the most expensive decedents, however, as expenses for nursing home and home health care more than offset lower medical service expenses. Further studies are needed before concluding that the major cause of high costs at teh end of life is the inappropriate use of high-technology care. PMID- 3151122 TI - [The problem of special, toxic, and hazardous wastes]. PMID- 3151123 TI - [Usefulness of bacteriologic examination of specimens obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the lungs in the diagnosis of tuberculosis]. PMID- 3151124 TI - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of tuberculosis]. PMID- 3151125 TI - An unusual soft tissue artefact on a panoramic radiograph. PMID- 3151126 TI - Recent progress in studies on energy expenditure: are the new methods providing answers to the old questions? PMID- 3151127 TI - Stable isotopic methods for measuring energy expenditure. Classical respirometry and the doubly-labelled-water (2H2(18)O) method: appropriate applications of the individual or combined techniques. PMID- 3151128 TI - Energy expenditure and physical activity of malnourished Gambian infants. PMID- 3151129 TI - The potential use of the labelled bicarbonate method for estimating energy expenditure in man. PMID- 3151130 TI - Non-restrictive methods for measuring energy expenditure. PMID- 3151131 TI - [Incidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis at a hemodialysis unit]. PMID- 3151133 TI - [Transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in a case, during lactation, in a non-endemic area]. PMID- 3151132 TI - [Regression of the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis, after specific treatment, associated with race]. PMID- 3151134 TI - Megaesophagus, megacolon and cancer. PMID- 3151135 TI - [Cardiac lesions in Wistar rats inoculated with various strains of Trypanosoma cruzi]. PMID- 3151136 TI - [Estimation, using Cr-EDTA, of intra-diurnal variations in digestive contents in the reticulo-rumen of sheep]. AB - The use of Cr-EDTA for estimation of intra-diurnal variations of the reticulo ruminal fill was studied using six sheep fed ad lib. grass hay twice a day. The results are compared with those obtained by manual emptying of the reticulo rumen. PMID- 3151137 TI - [Influence of twice-daily injections of GRF 1-29 on production, feed intake and nutritional status of lactating goats]. AB - Daily injections of GRF 1-29 significantly increased milk production of goats. Effects of injections were slightly positive on voluntary intake and negative on energy balance. PMID- 3151138 TI - Flumazenil--the first benzodiazepine antagonist and some implications in the dental surgery. PMID- 3151139 TI - Sex hormone-binding globulin and thyroxine-binding globulin levels in premature thelarche. AB - Premature thelarche is defined as the isolated development of breast tissue in girls less than 8 years of age. Although breast development is an estrogen dependent process, these girls do not have elevated serum estrogen levels, and the hormonal basis for their condition is unclear. We studied the levels of two estrogen-dependent transport proteins, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), in order to determine if there was evidence for a more subtle estrogen effect in girls with premature thelarche. SHBG levels in girls with premature thelarche were not significantly different from those of prepubertal girls of the same ages and were significantly lower than those in girls undergoing pubertal development at the appropriate age (P less than 0.05) and in normal women (P less than 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in TBG levels between the girls with premature thelarche and prepubertal controls. There was also no significant difference in TBG levels between prepubertal girls and girls in early puberty. In contrast, women had TBG levels that were significantly lower than those in all girls studied. We conclude that the estrogen exposure (whether endogenous or exogenous) of girls with premature thelarche is less than that of girls in early true puberty and similar to that of other prepubertal girls. Further, changes in serum TBG are not as sensitive an indicator of estrogen effect as is breast development or changes in SHBG. This study also suggests that large amounts of exogenous estrogens are not an element in the development of premature thelarche. PMID- 3151140 TI - In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin in combination with standard antituberculous drugs against mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - Chequer-board titrations show that the in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is independent of that of streptomycin, isoniazid, ethambutol and pyrazinamide and confirm that there is antagonism between ciprofloxacin and rifampicin. PMID- 3151142 TI - A comparison of the use of pipettes and loops for the inoculation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis onto media. PMID- 3151141 TI - A competition ELISA for the detection of mycobacterial antigen in tuberculosis exudates. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was designed to detect the inhibition of BCG-anti-BCG reactions by soluble antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eighty-four samples were tested of which 59 were of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (25 control, 10 bacterial, 14 viral and 10 tuberculous meningitis); and twenty-five were of pleural or ascitic fluid (15 tuberculous exudates and 10 non-tuberculous samples). A statistically significant difference (p less than 0.01) was found between the tuberculous and control groups. The sensitivity and specificity of this test was almost 100%--no false negatives and only one false positive result occurred among the samples of CSF tested. PMID- 3151143 TI - Effects of hyperthermia on the in vitro antiproliferative activities of HuIFN alpha, HuIFN-beta, and rHuIFN-gamma employed separately and in combination. AB - The relative enhancing effects of hyperthermia on the three types of interferon were evaluated in cloning studies for three human cell lines: G-361 malignant melanoma cells, WISH ammion cells, and AGS stomach adenocarcinoma cells. Hyperthermia enhanced the antiproliferative activity of rHuIFN-gamma against each of the three cell lines and the levels of enhancement by hyperthermia were seen to increase with increasing concentrations of rHuIFN-gamma. The maximum observed levels of enhancement of rHuIFN-gamma activity by hyperthermia varied from cell line to cell line. However, when the relative sensitivities of the cell lines to rHuIFN-gamma were taken into account, the levels of enhancement of rHuIFN-gamma antiproliferative activity by hyperthermia were seen to be similar for each of the cell lines, indicating that hyperthermia consistently enhanced rHuIFN-gamma antiproliferative activity. Hyperthermia did not consistently enhance the antiproliferative activities of HuIFN-alpha and HuIFN-beta. Further studies indicated that hyperthermia enhanced by approximately 6-fold the antiproliferative effects of combinations of rHuIFN-gamma with HuIFN-alpha and HuIFN-beta. The results support the possibility that a combination treatment protocol of hyperthermia and interferon administration (particularly HuIFN-gamma or combinations of HuIFN-gamma with HuIFN-alpha or HuIFN-beta) may provide an enhanced antitumor effect in man. PMID- 3151144 TI - Thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue activity in high fat fed Osborne-Mendel rats. AB - The consequences of hyperlipidic feeding on interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) activity were examined in the cold-acclimated rat. Male Osborne-Mendel rats (7 weeks old) were exposed for 10 weeks at either 28 or 5 degrees C. The rats were fed a semipurified diet (normal fat (NL): 5% lard; high fat (HL): 54% lard) for the last 9 weeks. IBAT weight was greater in HL than in NL rats. This increase was entirely due to accumulation of neutral lipids. Among different IBAT components (proteins, DNA, phospholipids) no variations were observed in HL 28 degrees C rats. HL diet did not modify lipoprotein lipase and cytochrome oxidase activities, but an increase in purine nucleotide binding (taken as an index of thermogenic activity) was observed in HL 28 degrees C rats. Cold acclimation led to comparable stimulation in NL and HL rats. The calorigenic effect of norepinephrine in vivo was not modified by HL diet. Study of arteriovenous differences showed that IBAT fatty acid and glycerol release by norepinephrine was slightly increased in HL 28 degrees C rats. No effect of HL diet was observed at 5 degrees C. These results indicate that HL feeding leads to a moderate increase in the IBAT thermogenic capacity of Osborne-Mendel rats. HL diet does not modify the normal development of nonshivering thermogenesis when rats are kept in a cold environment. PMID- 3151145 TI - HLA-alloantigen associations in Greek patients with Sjogren's syndrome. AB - The frequency of HLA-A, -B, and -DR alloantigens was studied in 46 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS), 14 patients with secondary Sjogren's syndrome (sSS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 26 classical RA patients without clinical or histologic evidence of Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and 172 normal controls. A statistically significant increase in the frequency of HLA-DR5 alloantigen was observed in the pSS patients, compared with the controls (P less than 0.007, corrected). No differences were detected between pSS patients with or without extraglandular manifestations, nor were any found between anti-Ro(SSA) positive and negative patients. The frequency of HLA-DR3 alloantigen (30%) was not significantly higher in our pSS population than in controls (25%), nor was that of -DR4 in the RA or the sSS patients. The results of the present study indicate that the 'SS susceptibility gene' in Greek patients is linked with the HLA-DR5 expression gene and they support the hypothesis that the fundamental pSS gene may belong to another locus. PMID- 3151146 TI - Delay in onset of insulitis in NOD mice following a single injection of CD 4 and CD 8 antibodies. AB - Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice injected with 500 micrograms of both CD 4 and CD 8 antibodies at 5 weeks of age did not develop insulitis until 18 weeks of age, 12 weeks later than the onset of insulitis in parallel uninjected controls. Injection with both antibodies at 2 weeks or 4 weeks of age protected from insulitis for 10 and 14 weeks respectively. Insulitis was not delayed in onset in animals injected at any age with one antibody only, or who were injected at birth. Injection after the onset of insulitis achieved partial but incomplete clearing of islet infiltrates. Salivary gland infiltrates (sialitis) were also delayed in animals injected with both CD 4 and CD 8 antibodies though the degree of protection was less pronounced than that seen for insulitis. PMID- 3151149 TI - Involvement of the precruciate cortex and the primary somatosensory area in descending modulation of the analgesic effect of acupuncture in the nucleus centrum medianum in the cat. PMID- 3151148 TI - [Effects of acupuncture on microcirculation of acute myocardial infarction patients]. PMID- 3151150 TI - [Descending modulation of analgesic effects of acupuncture in Pf neurons exerted by the SI area and the precruciate cortex in the cat]. PMID- 3151147 TI - Regulation of erythroid cell-specific gene expression during erythropoiesis. AB - The aim of our group's work over the past few years has been to investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating erythroid cell-specific gene expression during erythroid cell differentiation. In addition to the alpha-globin gene, we have focussed on two non-globin genes of interest encoding the rabbit red cell specific lipoxygenase (LOX) and the mouse glutathione peroxidase (GSHPX), an important seleno-enzyme responsible for protection against peroxide-damage. Characterisation of the GSHPX gene showed that the seleno-cysteine residue in the active site of the enzyme is encoded by UGA, which usually functions as a translation-termination codon. This novel finding has important implications regarding mRNA sequence context effects affecting codon recognition. The regulation of the GSHPX and red cell LOX genes has been investigated by functional transfection experiments. The 700 bp upstream of the GSHPX promoter seems to function equally well when linked to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene and transfected into mouse erythroid or fibroblast cell lines. However, the presence of tissue-specific DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSS) in the 3' flanking region of the GSHPX gene suggests that such sites may be important in its regulation in the various cell types in which it is highly expressed, i.e., erythroid cells, liver and kidney. The transcription unit of the RBC LOX gene has also been defined and 5' and 3' flanking regions are being investigated for erythroid-specific regulatory elements: a region upstream of the LOX gene gives increased expression of a linked CAT gene when transfected into mouse erythroid cell lines compared to non-erythroid cell lines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3151151 TI - [Influence of electro-acupuncture of "Zusanli" point on the response of somatosensory cortex to slow pain]. PMID- 3151152 TI - [Effect of stimulation of nucleus raphe magnus and adjacent reticular formation on unit discharges of nucleus centralis lateralis in rabbits]. PMID- 3151153 TI - Responses of pain-sensitive neurons of thalamic parafascicular nucleus to stimulation of anterior cingulate gyrus in rabbits. PMID- 3151154 TI - [Effects of intracerebroventricularly injected cholecystokinin octapeptide on the electric activities of pain-reacted neurons in nucleus parafascicularis of thalamus in rats]. PMID- 3151155 TI - [Effects of intraperitoneal injection of bicuculline or atropine on electro acupuncture analgesic effect and the changes in the brain noradrenaline content in rats]. PMID- 3151156 TI - [The effect of electroacupuncture "Zusanli" on groaning center in cat]. PMID- 3151157 TI - Studies on the effect of electroacupuncture on prolactin secretion and the relative specificity of acupoints in rats. PMID- 3151159 TI - [The effect and nervous mechanism of acupuncture on gastric blood flow]. PMID- 3151158 TI - [The effects of dorsal median hypothalamus efferent impulses and median nervous afferent impulses on the left ventricular transmural blood flow]. PMID- 3151160 TI - [The analgesic mechanism of BL-32 acupoint in electro-acupuncture anesthesia of uterine operations]. PMID- 3151161 TI - [The effects of acupuncture at "Renzhong" point on hemorrhagic shock's myocardial glycogen and phosphorylase. A histochemical study]. PMID- 3151162 TI - [Acupuncture promote regeneration of rat's peripheral nerve]. PMID- 3151163 TI - [Effects of acupuncture on thermoregulatory function and hypothermia]. PMID- 3151164 TI - Reciprocal renal effects of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine formed within the rat kidney. AB - 1. Clearance of inulin and p-aminohippurate and excretion of water and sodium were measured for eight to 11 clearance periods of 20 min duration in anaesthetized, 3% volume-expanded rats, before and after intravenous infusions of the amino acids L-dopa (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) and 5-hydroxytryptophan. During the final two clearance periods, the peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, carbidopa (S-alpha-hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylbenzenepropanoic acid monohydrate), was infused additionally. 2. Renal formation of dopamine (3,4 dihydroxyphenethylamine) and 5-hydroxytryptamine was demonstrated during infusions of L-dopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan, respectively; carbidopa blocked the renal formation of these biogenic amines. 3. During infusion of dopa, a diuresis and a natriuresis were observed; during the infusion of 5-hydroxytryptophan, slight reductions in clearances of inulin and p-aminohippurate, but significant reductions in sodium and water excretion, were measured. 4. The addition of carbidopa diminished diuretic and natriuretic responses to dopa as renal dopamine excretion decreased; the infusion of carbidopa also ameliorated the antinatriuretic and antidiuretic effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan, as 5 hydroxytryptamine excretion decreased. 5. Although dopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan are substrates for the same enzyme, aromatic L-amino-acid decarboxylase, simultaneous infusions of both amino acids at comparable rates gave no evidence of competitive inhibition of amine synthesis. However, the infusion of dopa, after 5-hydroxytryptophan, decreased its antinatriuretic and antidiuretic effects. 6. These data raise the possibility that dopamine and 5 hydroxytryptamine are formed as reciprocal intrarenal hormones by the identical enzyme, aromatic L-amino-acid decarboxylase, which is located within cells of the renal tubule. PMID- 3151165 TI - Derivation of urinary dopamine from plasma dopa. AB - 1. We estimated the extent to which circulating dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) is the source of urinary dopamine (DA; 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine). Tritiated dopa ([3H]dopa) was infused for 90 min into the left renal artery of seven anaesthetized foxhounds, and levels of labelled and unlabelled dopa and DA were measured in the ureteral urine and in the femoral arterial and left renal venous plasma. 2. Only a small percentage of [3H]dopa delivered to the kidneys was excreted as [3H]DA (0.59% from the left kidney, 0.68% from the right); however, the arterial concentration of endogenous dopa (1220 pg/ml) and the renal plasma flows (144 and 141 ml/min by p-aminohippurate clearances) were such that all of the urinary excretion of endogenous DA (about 1 ng/min from each kidney) could be accounted for by uptake and decarboxylation of circulating endogenous dopa. 3. Plasma dopa is the main source of urinary DA. PMID- 3151167 TI - Role of G proteins in transmembrane signaling. PMID- 3151166 TI - Molecular analyses of gene products associated with the response of cells to mitogenic stimulation. AB - We have completed the molecular analysis of a ribosomal protein S6 kinase identified in unfertilized Xenopus eggs. Although some of our results support the notion that an antigenically related enzyme is present in animal cells, we are uncertain if such an enzyme accounts for all of the mitogen-stimulated phosphorylation of 40S subunits. Other experiments have led to the identification of mRNAs that are rapidly expressed in mitogen-stimulated cells. The relevance of such genes and their products is in doubt, however, until a function can be demonstrated for each of them. Preliminary experiments with the pCEF-4 gene product described here have failed to show that it acts as a mitogen for cells in culture, for example. Thus, although studies such as these may lead to the identification of novel genes, we may need to search elsewhere for a physiologically significant function. PMID- 3151168 TI - Structures of the genes coding for G-protein alpha subunits from mammalian and yeast cells. PMID- 3151169 TI - Mutations probe structure and function of G-protein alpha chains. AB - The molecular genetic approach has just begun to provide hints of answers to some of the questions posed at the outset of this paper. We have some idea of which portions of the alpha chain of Gs interact with receptors and effectors, and we guess that the same is true of corresponding regions of other alpha chains. We have a tantalizing hint that points to a key region of alpha s that is necessary for the conformational change induced by binding GTP, and the vague outline of a hypothesis regarding the mechanism by which receptors release GDP from its binding site on the alpha chain. The alpha chain region (domain) that interacts with beta gamma remains unknown. The tenuous quality of all these hints and hypotheses is obvious, and at least in the short term, frustrating. Even the present level of our understanding, however, is impressive in comparison with what was known of G-protein function only 5 years ago. Now we can pose much more precise questions and hope that a combination of the molecular genetic approach with biophysical probes of structure will provide satisfying answers. PMID- 3151171 TI - ras oncogene proteins: three-dimensional structures, functional implications, and a model for signal transducer. PMID- 3151170 TI - Unique properties of a new GTP-binding protein with a molecular mass of 24,000 daltons purified from porcine brain membranes. PMID- 3151172 TI - Inositol lipid cascade of vision studied in mutant flies. PMID- 3151173 TI - Expression of G-protein alpha subunits in rat olfactory neuroepithelium: candidates for olfactory signal transduction. PMID- 3151174 TI - Direct coupling of G proteins to ionic channels. PMID- 3151175 TI - Sevenless, a gene encoding a putative receptor for positional information. PMID- 3151176 TI - The role of arachidonic acid metabolites in signal transduction in an identified neural network mediating presynaptic inhibition in Aplysia. PMID- 3151177 TI - From membrane to nucleus: the pathway of signal transduction in yeast and its genetic control. PMID- 3151179 TI - Diverse biological functions of small GTP-binding proteins in yeast. PMID- 3151178 TI - Function of the STE4 and STE18 genes in mating pheromone signal transduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 3151180 TI - Regulation of vesicular traffic by a GTP-binding protein on the cytoplasmic surface of secretory vesicles in yeast. PMID- 3151181 TI - cAMP receptor and G-protein interactions control development in Dictyostelium. PMID- 3151182 TI - A molecular analysis of G proteins and control of early gene expression by the cell-surface cAMP receptor in Dictyostelium. PMID- 3151183 TI - Transcriptional regulation by the AP-1 family of enhancer-binding proteins: a nuclear target for signal transduction. PMID- 3151184 TI - Transcriptional activation by yeast GCN4, a functional homolog to the jun oncoprotein. PMID- 3151185 TI - YAP1 encodes a yeast homolog of mammalian transcription factor AP-1. PMID- 3151186 TI - Transcriptional regulation of c-fos. PMID- 3151187 TI - Regulation of proto-oncogene fos: a paradigm for early response genes. PMID- 3151188 TI - Intracellular mediators of c-fos induction. PMID- 3151189 TI - Structure/function studies of the ras protein. PMID- 3151190 TI - Genomic response to growth factors. PMID- 3151191 TI - GTP-binding proteins in the control of exocytosis. PMID- 3151194 TI - Non-competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for detection of aflatoxin B1. PMID- 3151192 TI - Myopia: induced, normal and clinical. AB - A review is given of lid-suture myopia in monkeys, of the natural lower field myopia in the pigeon eye, and of myopias in chick eyes produced by visual occluders. The ametropias produced by ophthalmic lenses, and the pharmacology of experimental myopia, are reviewed. Human studies are reviewed which can be taken as models of the experimental myopias. Two theories of myopic growth are outlined and evaluated. PMID- 3151193 TI - Evaluation of seven test kits for the detection of pregnancies in the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus. PMID- 3151195 TI - Labeled polymorphonuclear leukocytes: a comparison of methodology. AB - Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes were separated from anti-coagulated whole blood using three techniques. The methods employed included volex sedimentation (VS), volex sedimentation with hypotonic lysis (VSHL), and Ficoll Hypaque gradient separation (FH). The cells were labeled with 111In-oxine and 111In-tropolone. Studies were done with both blood from normal human volunteers and with canine blood. From the cell counts and differential, the harvested granulocytes, platelets, and red blood cells per milliliter of whole blood were calculated. Using the granulocyte chemotactic response to E. coli in agarose plates, the ratio of chemotactic migration to random migration (c.m./r.m.) was determined. Survival time for 111In labeled granulocytes were also determined in a canine model. The studies demonstrated that all procedures yielded 100% viability by the Trypan blue exclusion test. Chemotactic migration and leukocyte survival times were similar amongst all techniques. With the VSHL technique, there were significantly fewer red blood cells and platelets in the final preparation approaching the results of FH separation. The results suggest that for a relatively pure granulocyte preparation VSHL is an acceptable alternative to FH. PMID- 3151196 TI - Nuclear medicine studies of aging--V. Uptake of 67Ga and 111In in the femoral vessels. AB - Fifty-nine males who had gallium-67-citrate or indium-111-oxine WBC scintigraphy (Ga/In) had the images reviewed to determine if increased activity was present in the femoral vessels and, if so, whether this was age related. The 59 subjects showed an age-associated increasing bilateral uptake (13% of 15 patients younger than 40 years, to 71% of the 7 who were older than 69 years). The combined unilateral and bilateral femoral uptake rose from 27% in those under age 40, to 86% in those over age 69. The group of 59 males included 30 (51%) who had bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP within 3 months of the Ga/In examination. These men showed the expected increase in femoral vessel 99mTc-MDP uptake with age. Femoral vessel activity was more commonly observed with 99mTc-MDP than with Ga/In. Thus both Ga/In and 99mTc-MDP accumulate more frequently in the femoral vessels with advancing age. Ga/In displays this age-related phenomenon to a lesser extent than 99mTc-MDP. PMID- 3151197 TI - The commercial health insurance industry in transition. PMID- 3151198 TI - PARTNERS national health plans experiences growth in highly competitive industry. PMID- 3151199 TI - Effect of reduced etching times on microleakage of composite resins. PMID- 3151200 TI - The use of computed tomography in the preoperative planning for dental implants: a case presentation. PMID- 3151201 TI - Oral lesions in patients with HIV infection. PMID- 3151202 TI - A.D.S.A. guidelines of intra-operative monitoring of patients undergoing conscious sedation, deep sedation and general anesthesia. PMID- 3151203 TI - Mouth infections can be a sign of AIDS. PMID- 3151204 TI - Dental seminar responds to need for AIDS education. PMID- 3151206 TI - Biochemical properties of catalase-positive avian haemophili. AB - The biochemical properties of 39 strains of Haemophilus avium from chickens were determined. All the strains produced acid from fructose, galactose, glucose and mannose but not from lactose. Variable reactions were found for arabinose, maltose, mannitol, sorbitol, trehalose and xylose. No strains showed urease activity or produced indole, while beta-galactosidase and/or ornithine decarboxylase activity was present in some strains. This variability allowed the recognition of 15 biochemical biovars including some not previously recognized in H. avium. Only 25 (64%) of the H. avium strains could be assigned to the three species (Pasteurella avium, P. volantium and Pasteurella species A) recently proposed to replace H. avium. PMID- 3151205 TI - [Metabolism of arachidonic acid through lipoxygenase pathways in gingival tissues]. PMID- 3151207 TI - Serological properties and immunobiological activities of lipopolysaccharides from black-pigmented and related oral Bacteroides species. AB - Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from five species of oral Bacteroides, B. gingivalis strains 381 and ATCC 33277, B. oralis ATCC 33269, B. loescheii ATCC 15930, B. intermedius ATCC 25611 and B. corporis ATCC 33547, were extracted from whole cells by the phenol/water procedure, and subsequently purified by treatment with nuclease and ultracentrifugation. The LPS were composed of hexoses, glucosamine, fatty acids and phosphorus. Heptose and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate were not detected. The LPS preparations from B. gingivalis strains 381 and ATCC 33277 presented very similar SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns when stained with ammoniacal silver. They produced a fused precipitin band against an antiserum to B. gingivalis 381 LPS in immunodiffusion tests. Antisera raised against the LPS from B. loescheii and B. intermedius reacted with the LPS prepared from all the oral Bacteroides strains except those of B. gingivalis. All the LPS preparations were mitogenic for spleen cells of BALB/c (nu/nu) mice, but not for thymus cells from C3H/HeN mice. The LPS induced marked mitogenic responses and polyclonal B cell activation for spleen cells of not only C3H/HeN (LPS responder) mice, but also C3H/HeJ (LPS nonresponder) mice. The mitogenic responses were not suppressed significantly upon addition of polymyxin B to the reaction mixture. These LPS also enhanced interleukin-1 production by murine peritoneal macrophages and mouse cell line J744. 1 macrophages. Hydrolysis of B. gingivalis ATCC 33277 LPS in 1 m HCl at 100 degrees C for 1 h yielded lipid and polysaccharide. The lipid portion was largely composed of fatty acids and glucosamine, and was mitogenic for spleen cells from C3H/HeJ as well as C3H/HeN mice, while the polysaccharide portion induced no significant mitogenic responses under similar experimental conditions. PMID- 3151208 TI - Functional relationships between L- and D-alanine, inosine and NH4Cl during germination of spores of Bacillus cereus T. AB - The results of a physiological study of the interaction between NH4Cl, inosine, and the stereoisomers of alanine during germination of spores of Bacillus cereus T are presented. Detailed kinetics for the germination of unheated spores in moderate concentrations of L-alanine (in the absence of auto-inhibition due to alanine racemase) are established, as is the specificity of the stimulatory effect of NH4Cl in relation to other salts, amines, and germinants. The results suggest that NH4Cl and inosine affect an early step in germination closely related to the function of an L-alanine receptor. PMID- 3151209 TI - Biological properties of phospholipase C purified from a fleecerot isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - A role for one of many exocellular enzymes produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa- phospholipase C (PLC)--as a prime candidate virulence factor in fleecerot dermatitis has been examined. The addition of Tween 80 in tryptose minimal medium effectively perturbed the membrane system of a field isolate of P. aeruginosa, resulting in increased production and release of a periplasmic enzyme marker, alkaline phosphatase (AP), and also of PLC. PLC activity levels in the culture supernatant were 10- to 15-fold higher in the presence of Tween than in its absence. Apart from AP, the culture medium contained little or no detectable proteolytic enzyme activity, thereby facilitating the partial purification of a haemolytic form of PLC by anion-exchange chromatography. This enzyme, when injected intradermally into the skin of sheep, elicited histopathological lesions virtually identical to those seen in naturally occurring fleecerot. In addition, serum from each of eight sheep afflicted with fleecerot contained high levels of circulating anti-PLC antibody activity when assayed by ELISA. Since these antibodies did not affect the enzymic function of PLC, it is likely that they do not bind to, or are incapable of conformational modification of, the active site. PMID- 3151210 TI - Physical and antigenic heterogeneity in the flagellins of Listeria monocytogenes and L. ivanovii. AB - Listeria monocytogenes serotypes 4a, 4b and 7, and L. ivanovii, all grown at 20 degrees C, were negatively stained and examined by electron microscopy. Crude extracts of the cell surface of L. monocytogenes serotypes 1/2b, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4b, 4d and 7 and of L. ivanovii (all grown at 20 degrees C) were examined by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting using (i) affinity-purified polyclonal monospecific antibody, and (ii) monoclonal antibody, each raised against 29 kDa flagellin of serotype 4b. No flagella were seen on serotype 7 by electron microscopy and no flagellin was detected in crude cell surface extracts of serotype 7 either in silver-stained gels or in Western blots. The monospecific polyclonal antibody detected flagellins of approximate molecular mass 29 kDa in each of the seven flagellate strains including L. ivanovii. The monoclonal antibody detected 29 kDa flagellin in serotypes 1/2b, 3b, 4a, 4b and 4d, but not the flagellins of serotype 3c or L. ivanovii, which had a slightly lower molecular mass. Following prolonged electrophoresis of crude flagellar extracts the 29 kDa complex was resolved into three closely migrating bands. In a heterologous system using serotype 1/2b crude flagellar extract, all three bands were detected using the polyclonal antibody whereas only two bands were detected by the monoclonal antibody. It is concluded that polyclonal anti-flagellin antibodies are not useful tools with which to distinguish serotypes of L. monocytogenes sensu lato in immunoblotting, but that differences can be determined using a monoclonal antibody directed against particular components of the flagellar complex. These differences did not fully correspond to those anticipated from results of agglutination tests. PMID- 3151211 TI - Proteinase activity in rumen ciliate protozoa. AB - Azocasein-degrading proteinase activity was detected in all rumen ciliate protozoa that were examined from four entodiniomorphid and two holotrich genera. All of the activities were optimal in the range pH 4.0-5.0 and were inhibited by cysteine proteinase inhibitors, notably leupeptin. The inhibition profiles and extent of inhibition observed with the different groups of inhibitors were organism-specific. Gelatin-SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of protozoal lysates revealed multiple forms of the proteinases in the species examined. The number of enzymes detected, their molecular masses, the level of activity and inhibitor susceptibility was genus-dependent. The proteinase profiles of the two holotrich species differed and inter-species differences were also apparent among species of the genus Entodinium. The characteristics and molecular size distribution of rumen bacterial proteinases were different to the protozoal proteinases. Low levels of proteinase activity, of apparently bacterial origin, were detected by gelatin-SDS-PAGE analysis of cell-free rumen liquor. PMID- 3151212 TI - [Oral tissue blood flows during controlled hypotension induced by adenosin triphosphate, trimethaphan and nitroglycerin in the anesthetized dog]. PMID- 3151213 TI - Effects of prenatal administration of phencyclidine on the learning and memory processes of rat offspring. AB - The effects of prenatal administration of phencyclidine (PCP) on the learning and memory processes of rat offspring were investigated at doses below the level for producing malformations. The offspring prenatally treated with PCP (10 or 20 mg/kg) on days 7 to 17, as well as on days 7 to 21 of gestation, showed disruption of the acquisition of passive avoidance response and pole-climbing avoidance response at the ages of 4 and 7 weeks, respectively. The brain weight of the offspring prenatally treated with PCP was significantly decreased. These results suggest that prenatal PCP administration impairs learning and memory processes of passive and active avoidance tasks and that more attention should be given to the developmental toxicity of PCP. PMID- 3151215 TI - [Frequency of blood groups and analysis of the progressive decrease of Rh negative factor in the Argentinian population]. PMID- 3151214 TI - Efficacy of misoprostol in upper gastro-intestinal lesions in arthritic patients on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)--an Indian experience. PMID- 3151216 TI - [Chagas' disease: clastogenic effect of nifurtimox and benznidazole in children]. PMID- 3151217 TI - [Bases and applications of the antioxidative properties of thioctic acid]. PMID- 3151218 TI - A case report and review of band keratopathy. AB - A five-year-old male presented with band keratopathy as the first sign of proximal renal tubular acidosis. The band keratopathy was progressive with decreasing visual acuity. Treatment with EDTA was repeated in each eye with only minimal improvement. The pediatric renal service found the serum calcium to be no higher than 10.5 mg% and phosphorus no higher than 6.8 mg%. The calcium phosphorus product was in the range of 60-65. Band keratopathy can be visually incapacitating and has multiple etiologies. Factors other than elevated calcium concentrations must predispose to development of this disorder. Certain of these factors and a review of band keratopathy are presented in the following article. PMID- 3151219 TI - Mapping the enzymatic active site of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A is a representative of a class of enzymes, the mono-ADP-ribosyl transferases, which catalyze the covalent transfer of an ADP ribose moiety of NAD+ to a target substrate. Availability of the three dimensional structure of exotoxin A provides the opportunity for mapping substrate binding sites and suggesting which amino acid residues may be involved in catalysis. Data from several sources have been combined to develop a proposal for the NAD+ binding site of exotoxin A: the binding of NAD+ fragments adenosine, AMP, and ADP have been delineated crystallographically to 6.0, 6.0, and 2.7 A, respectively; significant sequence homology spanning 60 residues has been found between exotoxin A and diphtheria toxin, which has the identical enzymatic activity; iodination of exotoxin A, under conditions in which only tyrosine 481 is iodinated in the enzymatic domain, abolishes ADP-ribosyl transferase activity. PMID- 3151220 TI - [Mechanism of the Bohr effect]. PMID- 3151221 TI - The ADP-ribosylation systems of eukaryotes. PMID- 3151222 TI - The three-dimensional structure of c-H-ras p21: implications for oncogene and G protein studies. PMID- 3151223 TI - A growing interest in bacterial ether lipids. PMID- 3151224 TI - Human 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase: kinetic studies and catalytic mechanism. PMID- 3151225 TI - Methylthioadenosine (MeSAdo) phosphorylase deficiency in malignancy. PMID- 3151226 TI - Physico-chemical and immunological properties of bovine liver 5'-deoxy-5' methylthioadenosine phosphorylase. PMID- 3151227 TI - MTA phosphorylase in protozoa: a potential target for chemotherapeutic attack. PMID- 3151228 TI - Studies on human serum 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase: molecular properties and clinical perspectives. PMID- 3151229 TI - Biosynthesis of hypusine in eIF-4D precursors. PMID- 3151230 TI - Hypusine biosynthesis in protein and its biological consequences. PMID- 3151231 TI - Spermine inhibition of basal and stimulated adenylate cyclase is mediated by the inhibitory GTP-binding protein (Gi). PMID- 3151233 TI - Inhibition of ornithine or arginine decarboxylase as an experimental approach to African or American trypanosomiasis. PMID- 3151232 TI - The DI- and polyamine oxidases of plants. PMID- 3151234 TI - Large bowel tumor promotion by diamine oxidase inhibition: animal model and clinical aspects. AB - In the intestinal mucosa, diamine oxidase probably is involved in a feedback regulation mechanism for the termination of proliferation. This was proven by a considerable promotion of large bowel tumors induced by diamine oxidase inhibition in a rat model. Carcinogenesis was accompanied by characteristic alterations in mucosal diamine oxidase activity. In large bowel cancer patients similar changes in intestinal diamine oxidase activity had been observed as in the animal model. CONCLUSION: Events entailing a reduction of diamine oxidase activity are suspicious for large bowel cancer promotion under experimental and clinical conditions. PMID- 3151235 TI - S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase from the thermophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus. PMID- 3151236 TI - [Radionuclide angiocardiographic evaluation of the effect of isosorbide dinitrate in patients with Chagas' disease]. PMID- 3151237 TI - [Dilatation of the cardia in treating dysphagia in patients with chagasic megaesophagus]. AB - The authors present the clinic, radiological and endoscopical control of 280 patients with chagasic megaesophagus, submitted to dilatation of the cardia with "pneumatic balloon". The purpose of this work was to demonstrate the efficiency of the method, and its great importance especially when performed by a general practitioner. They also comment on the advantages of this being a method which can be performed in out-patient wards with a low complication rate. In case of no efficiency of the method other therapeutic measures can be used. PMID- 3151238 TI - Quality control in flow cytometry. PMID- 3151239 TI - Prevention of post-irradiation alveolar bone resorption by diphosphonate. PMID- 3151240 TI - Histidine analogues as potential novel antirheumatic agents. AB - The relative avidity of novel analogues of histidine for copper chelation, and the ability of such chelates to catalyse the dismutation of the superoxide radical have been assessed using a new in vitro test. The test, designed to detect potential novel antirheumatic agents, was based on a putative mode of action for D-penicillamine. Within the series of histidine analogues, relationships between structure and activity were determined, isohistidine (alpha amino-2-imidazolepropionic acid) and some of its simple derivatives being particularly active. PMID- 3151241 TI - Improved delivery through biological membranes XXV. Enhanced and sustained delivery of trifluorothymidine to the brain using a dihydropyridine in equilibrium pyridinium salt type redox delivery system. AB - A series of alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorothymidine (TFT) derivatives was designed and studied for brain-enhanced/specific delivery of this antiviral drug. The derivatives were esters involving one or both of TFT's hydroxy functions and N methyl-dihydronicotinic acid. Such esters are subject to oxidative (to trigonelline) and hydrolytic metabolic transformations. Thymidine (T) was used as a model compound and the kinetics of the oxidative and hydrolytic conversion of some 16 derivatives of T and TFT were studied in various biological fluids. One compound, 3'-[O-(N-methyl-1,4-dihydronicotinoyl)]-5'-[O-(pivaloyl)]-TFT (14), was selected for in vivo studies. The compound appeared to cross the blood-brain barrier and to be converted in the brain by successive oxidative and hydrolytic processes to the 3'-[O-(N-methyl nicotinoyl)]TFT (17); this quaternary pyridinium salt was 'locked in' the brain and then further hydrolyzed in a sustained manner to release TFT, detected in measurable levels at least until 18 hours following the i.v. injection of 14. TFT was also identified as an in vitro degradation product in the different biological tissues and fluids. The results suggest that the dihydropyridine in equilibrium pyridinium salt redox delivery system can be successfully used for the brain delivery of antiviral agents that would not otherwise cross the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 3151243 TI - Preparation of polylactic acid-polylipoic acid nanospheres as drug targeting carriers. AB - Polylactic acid-polylipoic acid nanospheres (PLA-PLIA-NS) were prepared, and their properties as drug targeting dosage forms were evaluated. A computer optimization technique was applied to obtain particles with nanometer order diameters and spherical shapes. Optimum preparative conditions involved the use of 2.4% hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), as a stabilizing agent, 24 min ultrasonication time, and 20% PLIA content. PLIA, containing a thiol group, was used for the conjugation of antibodies with the PLA-PLIA-NS surface. In this way, fairly spherical particles of PLA-PLIA-NS with a mean diameter of about 500 nm were obtained. The conjugation was investigated to determine targeting ability more precisely. Using rabbit antihuman IgG (Fab' fragment) antibodies, conjugation with PLA-PLIA-NS was accomplished by a disulphide binding reaction. The PLA-PLIA-NS-antibody conjugates were found to recognize IgG antigen bound to the surface of Sepharose beads. PMID- 3151242 TI - Enhanced percutaneous absorption of ionizable water-soluble drugs. AB - The percutaneous absorption of diltiazem hydrochloride (DIL) and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) [representative, respectively, of cationic and anionic water soluble drugs] was studied in rabbits, using films prepared from water-soluble components. When corresponding fat-soluble counter-ions were added to films prepared using the electrically neutral components polyvinylalcohol and glycerol, the percutaneous absorption of the drugs was enhanced. Furthermore, when non electrolytes such as BL-9EX or urea were added to the films together with the counter-ions, the bioavailability of the drugs increased. Consequently, it is postulated that ionizable water-soluble drugs are absorbed through skin by forming fat-soluble ion-pairs and additionally that the barrier function against absorption is reduced by non-electrolytes such as BL-9EX or urea. Such non electrolytes must not hinder the formation of ion-pairs between the drugs and corresponding counter-ions. PMID- 3151244 TI - G protein regulation of receptor signalling. PMID- 3151245 TI - Gamma-interferon in intracellular microbial infections. PMID- 3151246 TI - Phospho adenylylation and phospho ADP-ribosylation, types of covalent protein modification derived from NADP. AB - The structure of NADP implies, in addition to the hydrogen transfer potential, two activated groups: 2'-phospho AMP and 2'-phospho ADP-ribose. Recent findings demonstrate that both can be used to modify covalently eukaryotic proteins. 2' Phospho adenylylation appears to be an important route of post-translational modification involving various acceptor polypeptides in different subcellular compartments of rat liver. The true substrate of the transferases involved, however, is free 2'-phospho ADP-ribose derived from NADP by the action of NADP glycohydrolase, conferring a new function to the glycohydrolase beyond its purely catabolic action. The second type of modification, 2'-phospho ADP-ribosylation, was detected as an activity of the arginine specific ADP-ribosyl transferase from erythrocytes (Moss and Vaughan, 1978) which in the presence of H1 used NADP in preference to NAD. These findings show that both pyridine nucleotides represent versatile, multifunctional co-factors, serving as hydrogen-transferring as well as group-transferring co-enzymes. PMID- 3151247 TI - Inducible Ig heavy chain switching in an IgM+ Ly-1 B cell line. Evidence for a state of switch commitment. AB - We have analyzed the pattern of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain isotype secretion in AJ9, a cloned, IgM+ murine B lymphocyte cell line. Upon induction by a variety of lymphokines and polyclonal B-cell activators, AJ9 cells express multiple subclasses of IgG and IgA in addition to IgM. In certain cases, mature isotype is restricted--e.g., IL-5 predominantly elicits production of IgG2 and IgA, a restriction also observed in short-term lymphocyte cultures. In other cases (e.g., anti-IgM plus 8-mercaptoguanosine, a polyclonal B-cell activator) production of mature isotypes is unrestricted. Under optimal conditions, only a low abundance of secreted Ig and low frequency of secreting cells (less than 0.5%) were detected. A serial cloning assay was devised to define the pattern of isotype switching in induced cells and their progeny. We expected to observe a progressive limitation of progeny to expression of single mature isotypes. Surprisingly, nearly all subclones of the induced cells were found to produce a range of mature isotypes. Sequential cloning in basal medium revealed that this induced phenotype persisted for more than a month (greater than 40 generations). Throughout this period, the abundance of mature isotype production remained low, and membrane Ig was exclusively of the IgM isotype. We interpret this induced response to reflect an intermediate state of B-cell differentiation, in which cells become committed to the switching process, but are not adequately stimulated to efficiently complete the process required for expression of mature isotypes. These findings are discussed in regard to the control of the switching process, and their possible relevance to the memory state of B cells. PMID- 3151248 TI - Calcium dependence of prolactin mRNA accumulation in GH3 rat pituitary tumour cells. AB - Stimulation of prolactin secretion by TRH probably involves mobilization of intracellular calcium to a greater extent than calcium influx, but less is known about the possible calcium-dependent mechanisms which may control prolactin gene transcription. We have studied this question in the rat pituitary tumour GH3 cell line by measuring prolactin mRNA accumulation by a cytoplasmic dot hybridization assay. Cobalt chloride, an intracellularly acting calcium antagonist, caused marked dose-dependent reductions in prolactin release and mRNA concentrations, whereas the calcium channel-blocking agent verapamil had no effect on prolactin release and had smaller effects on prolactin mRNA. Cobalt chloride abolished the stimulatory effect of TRH on prolactin mRNA levels, while verapamil caused only moderate inhibition. Growth hormone mRNA levels in the same cells were not significantly affected by TRH or verapamil, and only marginally reduced by cobalt. These data suggest that, as for prolactin release from normal rat pituitary lactotrophs, prolactin mRNA accumulation in GH3 cells appears to have a requirement for intracellular calcium which is only partly dependent upon calcium influx. PMID- 3151249 TI - Role of calcium in thyrotrophin-releasing hormone-stimulated release of melanocyte-stimulating hormone from frog neurointermediate lobe. AB - The effect of modifications of extracellular calcium concentrations on alpha-MSH release has been studied using perifused frog neurointermediate lobes. Increasing concentrations of calcium (from 2 to 10 mmol/l) gave rise to a dose-related stimulation of alpha-MSH secretion, whereas reduction of Ca2+ from 2 to 1.5 mmol/l partially inhibited alpha-MSH release. The direct effect of extracellular Ca2+ on alpha-MSH secretion was confirmed by the dose-dependent stimulation of alpha-MSH release induced by the calcium ionophore A23187. Perifusion with a calcium-free medium or blockade of Ca2+ channels by 4 mmol Co2+/l both resulted in an inhibition of spontaneous and TRH-induced alpha-MSH release. Conversely, administration of verapamil or methoxyverapamil (10 mumol/l each) did not alter basal secretion and had no effect on the response of the glands to TRH. Nifedipine (10 mumol/l), which was able to block KCl (20 mmol/l)-evoked alpha-MSH release, induced a slight inhibition of basal alpha-MSH secretion, indicating that extracellular Ca2+ levels may regulate alpha-MSH release in part by Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. In contrast TRH-induced alpha-MSH release was not affected by nifedipine or dantrolene (10 mumol/l), and BAY-K-8644 (1 mumol/l) did not significantly modify the response of neurointermediate lobes to TRH. Taken together, these results suggest that TRH-induced alpha-MSH secretion is associated with calcium influx across the plasma membrane and that calcium entry caused by TRH may occur through nifedipine/verapamil-insensitive Ca2+ channels. PMID- 3151250 TI - A reevaluation of the amino acid sequence of human follitropin beta-subunit. AB - A collaborative study from two laboratories has been undertaken to re-evaluate the human follitropin beta-subunit sequence (hFSH beta), since areas of uncertainty remain in the wake of two earlier reports. The first report was by Shome and Parlow (1974). The second, by Saxena and Rathnam (1976), proposed revisions for sequence not definitively placed in the first study, as well as some differences in other placements. We have re-examined the sequence of the hFSH beta with more recent methodology. This has led to revision of certain areas of the sequence and resolution of differences between the two earlier proposals. Specifically, an -Ile-Ser- is established at 21-22, Asp at 41, Arg at 44, Lys at 46, and Glu at 111. These were areas of disagreement in the earlier proposals. A definitive placement of the residues around tryptophan-27 has now been obtained by three laboratories. C-terminal heterogeneity was observed with subunits ending at residue 107, 109, or 111. N-terminal heterogeneity has been observed in all preparations examined to date. A significant population of molecules with a proteolytic nick between residues 38-39 is noted. This is very likely an artifact of the collection and processing. The preparations examined in the present studies showed no evidence of residues 112-118 proposed by Saxena and Rathnam. PMID- 3151251 TI - Conformational characterization of human angiogenin by limited proteolysis. AB - The primary structure of angiogenin is 33% identical to that of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase), but the enzymatic activities of the two proteins differ markedly. Similarly, their susceptibilities to limited proteolysis differ as well. In contrast to RNase, angiogenin totally resists proteolysis by subtilisin. Indeed, among 16 proteases examined, only endoprotease Lys-C, trypsin, and pepsin are able to cleave angiogenin. Even with prolonged incubation, endoprotease Lys-C selectively cleaves the Lys-60-Asn-61 bond; the product retains full ribonucleolytic activity. Initially, trypsin also cleaves this same bond, but with time it causes extensive degradation. Pepsin, at pH 2, cleaves the Phe-9-Leu 10 bond, to give angiogenin (10-123), which displays approximately 15% of the native activity toward ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The susceptibility to proteolysis and/or the sites of cleavage of angiogenin and bovine RNase differ markedly despite their structural homology. These differences are considered in terms of the amino acid sequences of the two proteins. PMID- 3151253 TI - Quality control of custom-made compensators. AB - This paper describes a method for routinely checking the accuracy of individual cerrobend compensators made for use with the Varian Clinicomp-100. The Reduction Ratios (for a given beam energy) are provided for select depth of compensation and field size. It is important to check each compensator before commencing treatment to identify possible operation error and ensure proper filling of the styrofoam with cerrobend. This verification process involves: (1) choosing several points at which the tissue deficit is known; (2) exposing a ready-pack film (Kodak XV-2) in a polystyrene phantom at a suitable depth, both with and without the compensator in place (the dose to which the film is exposed is within the initial linear range of the H and D curve); (3) determining the optical density at the above chosen points; and (4) comparing the O.D. ratios corresponding to the compensated and uncompensated conditions to the Tissue Maximum Ratios (TMRs) for the proper depths at these points. The method of this technique is also incorporated into the quality control check of other compensators, for example, acrylic, brass c-wedges, etc. PMID- 3151252 TI - Phosphorylation loops in synthetic peptides of the human neurofilament protein middle-sized subunit. AB - Peptides containing 13 and 39 amino acid residues and serine-side-chain phosphorylated (P) analogues thereof, corresponding to human neurofilament protein middle-sized subunit (NF-M), have been synthesized in order to localize the phosphorylation site of this protein. The secondary structure of the nonphosphorylated peptides, determined by circular dichroism (CD) measurements, predicted secondary structural calculations and energy conformational calculations, was suggested to be a series of alternating type I (III). beta turns and 3(10) or alpha-helices. By contrast, the phosphorylated peptides exhibit a unique conformation, probably due to salt bridges between the phosphoserine and the lysine residues. This has provided the first clear evidence that phosphorylation induces conformational changes among these synthetic peptides and presumably, in NF proteins as well. These phosphorylation loops might be the major recognition sites of the neurofilament protein-directed kinases. PMID- 3151254 TI - Irradiating with a prosthesis or metal pin in the radiation treatment field. AB - This is a case study of a patient who had a liposarcoma of the tibia and also had a titanium pin directly in the treatment field. A total midline dose of 63 Gy was prescribed. The effects of the pin in the treated area was examined. Four different methods were used to examine and verify the delivered dose: (1) Treatment planning computerized isodose curves, (2) A parallel plate ion chamber and polystyrene phantom, (3) TLD, and (4) Film dosimetry. The results from all four methods of dose examination are compiled and are used to make a decision on what to do about the dose non-uniformity due to the dense titanium pin. If a prosthesis or metal pin is in the treatment area, one must determine the composition of the pin. Then one should verify or examine the results of the dose perturbations produced. One may or may not want to change the original dose prescription but the dose throughout the irradiated volume will be changed due to the metal pin. It is important to evaluate these effects, as discussed in this article, to accurately deliver a prescribed dose. PMID- 3151255 TI - Pediatric medulloblastoma: a new treatment technique. PMID- 3151256 TI - Casting of electron field defining apertures: casting with the metal mold kits. AB - Cerrobend alloy casts are made to define the desired electron field shapes. These custom casts are fabricated for the selected electron applicator size that has been chosen for the patient. When the cast is placed into that selected electron applicator, it will block out areas that are not to be treated. When an all metal mold assembly was used for the fabrication of these casts, the lip region of the cast which is used to accurately align the cast in the actual treatment applicator, had an irregular edge that prevented an accurate alignment of the cast. To eliminate the irregular edges on the lip region of the cast, the metal mold assembly was heated to approximately 80-85 degrees C before the molten cerrobend alloy was poured into it. The heating of the metal mold assembly helps eliminate the irregular edges on the lip region of the cast. Unfortunately it also created new flaws such as holes, dents, cracks and/or crystallization of the cast as it solidified. These flaws were controlled by cooling the metal mold assembly and the cast immediately after the pouring of the molten cerrobend alloy, evenly with water. PMID- 3151257 TI - Economical beamstopper mounted film holder. PMID- 3151259 TI - Tumorigenic and molecular characterization of novel phorbol ester-resistant and sensitive lines of mice. AB - Two outbred lines of CD-1 mice were developed using males and females in an initiation (dimethylbenz[a]anthracene; DMBA), promotion (12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate; TPA) challenge, posttumorigenesis breeding protocol. Our results indicate that the phorbol ester-sensitive (PESTI) line developed tumors at a rate 4.1 times faster than the CD-1 parental line, while the phorbol ester-resistant (PERTI) line developed tumors at a rate 36 times slower than the CD-1 parents. The average number of tumors per mouse reached levels of 27.5 at 12 wk in the PESTI line, 0.1 at 16 wk in the PERTI line, and 6.7 at 16 wk in the CD-1 line. Biochemical tests showed that the PESTI line had both a high basal level and an enhanced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (E.C. 4.1.1.17) response to TPA, the latter being nine times that of the PERTI line at their maximum dosages. An autoradiographic analysis of in vivo epidermal cell protein phosphorylation indicated marked differences in basal protein phosphorylation profiles (with high phosphate incorporation, PERTI, 112.7, 95.5, 64.4, 40.8, 18.6, 17.4, and 12.3 kDa; PESTI, 64.4, 40.8, 31.8, and 12.3 kDa) as well as TPA-dependent changes in these profiles (difference from basal levels, PERTI, 31.8 and 12.8 kDa; PESTI, 139.6, 126.3, 37.2, and 18.6 kDa). These heterogeneous profiles indicate strong genetic segregation of these protein kinase C target substrates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3151260 TI - Characterization of DNA-protein complexes induced in intact cells by the carcinogen chromate. AB - Potassium chromate induced the formation of DNA-protein complexes in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells. The DNA-protein complexes were isolated by ultracentrifugal sedimentation in the presence of 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 5 M urea. Two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the chromate-induced DNA-protein complexes revealed that two acidic proteins of 53 and 45 kDa and a basic protein of 54 kDa were selectively complexed to the DNA. Numerous other proteins also became associated with the DNA to a lesser degree as the chromate concentration was increased. Nuclease digestion was not a prerequisite for the resolution of the protein component of the DNA-protein complexes using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Ultracentrifugal analysis of the DNA-protein complexes in the presence of proteinase K, nucleases, or a chelating agent demonstrated that protein aggregation was not responsible for the increased protein recovery in chromate-treated samples and that the complexes were disrupted by EDTA. These data suggest that the selectively complexed proteins were associated with the DNA through strong interactions that may be mediated by the trivalent form of chromium. PMID- 3151258 TI - Expression pattern of a gene for a secreted metalloproteinase during late stages of tumor progression. AB - We have reported that transin RNA, a 1.9-kb RNA coding for a novel, secreted proteinase, was overexpressed during the progression of benign mouse skin papillomas to malignant squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) induced by a two-stage protocol (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:9413, 1986). Recently a high degree of similarity has been demonstrated between rabbit stromelysin, a secreted metalloproteinase that degrades proteoglycans found in the basement membrane and the amino acid sequence predicted in rat transin cDNA. DNA sequencing of a mouse cDNA isolated from an SCC (initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene [DMBA] and promoted by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate [TPA]) showed greater than 85% nucleotide similarity and 90% amino acid similarity to the rat transin-1 cDNA nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences. Using this mouse transin cDNA clone as a probe (labeled with 32P) we found enhanced levels of transin mRNA transcripts in SCCs induced by a protocol giving rise to metastatic tumors (repeated N-methyl-N-nitroso-N'-nitroguanidine [MNNG] treatments) compared with the level found in SCCs induced by a protocol that had a lower probability of giving rise to metastatic tumors (MNNG initiation followed by TPA promotion). A study of primary SCCs and metastatic lesions induced by repeated benzo[a]pyrene treatment showed that the levels of transin mRNA transcripts were reduced in the metastatic lesions in comparison to the primary tumors. Southern analysis of the DNA isolated from epidermis, papillomas, and SCCs indicated that neither transin gene amplification nor rearrangement accounted for increased levels of the transin mRNA transcripts. These data suggest a role for enhanced levels of transin production in the invasion and metastasis of chemically induced SCCs. PMID- 3151261 TI - Activated Ki-ras genes in bladder epithelial cell lines transformed by treatment of primary mouse bladder explant cultures with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. AB - DNA from five lines of transformed bladder epithelial cells derived from cultures of primary cells that had been treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) can transform NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts in DNA transfection experiments. Southern analysis of DNA from NIH 3T3 primary and secondary transformants established that four of the DMBA-transformed cell lines contained activated cellular Ki-ras, while the remaining cell line contained a transforming gene that is unrelated to Ki-ras, N-ras, and Ha-ras. The point mutations responsible for Ki-ras activation were detected using oligonucleotide probes following selective amplification of Ki-ras specific sequences using the polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that activation of Ki-ras invariably involved a GC----AT transition mutation of the first position of codon 12. Surprisingly, a Ki-ras gene that was activated by a GC----AT transition mutation at the same position was also detected in a single transformed bladder urothelial cell line derived from control cultures of mouse bladder cells. Together, our results indicate that Ki-ras activation in the DMBA transformed bladder cell lines may not be a direct consequence of interaction of activated DMBA metabolites with the Ki-ras gene. PMID- 3151262 TI - Developments in the treatment of patients with chronic granulomatous disease. PMID- 3151263 TI - Univer, a new one-daily calcium antagonist--its role in cardiovascular disease. Proceedings of a symposium. London, 9th October 1987. PMID- 3151264 TI - Pharmacokinetics of once-daily verapamil: comparative bioavailability of two sustained-release formulations. PMID- 3151265 TI - Sustained-release verapamil in stable angina. PMID- 3151266 TI - Silent ischaemia. PMID- 3151267 TI - Improvement in left ventricular diastolic function in patients with stable angina after chronic treatment with verapamil and nicardipine. PMID- 3151268 TI - Clinical pharmacology of verapamil. PMID- 3151269 TI - Calcium antagonists in cardiomyopathy. PMID- 3151270 TI - Comparative efficacy of Univer and conventional verapamil in the control of ventricular response in atrial fibrillation. PMID- 3151271 TI - Once-daily verapamil in hypertension: intra-arterial recording of blood pressure. PMID- 3151273 TI - Diuretics and calcium antagonists in hypertension. PMID- 3151272 TI - Studies with sustained-release verapamil in essential hypertension. PMID- 3151274 TI - Scientific rationale and clinical implications of sustained-release formulations. PMID- 3151275 TI - Carbamazepine vs lithium in the treatment and prophylaxis of mania. AB - Fifty-four acutely manic patients were allocated to treatment on a double-blind basis with either carbamazepine or lithium carbonate. The short-term effects of treatment were studied over a period of six weeks and the longer term, prophylactic, effects over a period of up to a year. Additional 'rescue' medication was allowed when clinically indicated. There was a high drop-out rate from the trial. Despite this, it appeared that valid comparisons between the two treatments could be made. No statistically significant differences were found, but carbamazepine appeared slightly less effective as a treatment for acute mania and more effective as a prophylactic treatment in this group of patients. Possible predictors of individual responsiveness to each treatment are discussed. PMID- 3151276 TI - Lithium carbonate--a competitive aldosterone antagonist? AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (aldo) levels, electrolyte levels, and blood pressures were measured in 16 patients with affective disorders taking lithium prophylactically, and in 16 age and sex-matched control subjects. PRA and aldo levels were significantly elevated in the lithium-treated group. There was no difference between the groups in plasma electrolytes or erect and supine blood pressures, arguing against secondary aldosteronism. In the lithium-treated group, there was a significant positive correlation between both PRA and plasma aldo vs serum lithium. We postulate that lithium inhibits the action of aldosterone on the distal tubule in the kidney. Activation of the renin angiotensin system maintains normal blood pressure and plasma electrolytes. PMID- 3151277 TI - Lithium-induced carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - Two cases of lithium-induced hypothyroidism, presenting as carpal tunnel syndrome, are reported. This is believed to be the first report of such an association. PMID- 3151278 TI - Diethylpropion, bupropion, and psychoses. PMID- 3151280 TI - [Application of a free nail skin flap of a big toe in emergency reconstruction of the thumb]. PMID- 3151279 TI - Demonstration and treatment of hyperventilation causing asthma. AB - Ambulant, transcutaneous PCO2 monitoring has been used to show that hyperventilation precedes exacerbation of asthma in a patient. Brief treatment was shown to give him greater control of his breathing and enable him to avoid attacks of asthma. PMID- 3151281 TI - [The surgical treatment of maxillary retrusion and mandibular protrusion (report of 27 cases)]. PMID- 3151283 TI - [Pollicization of fingers for aplasia of the thumb]. PMID- 3151282 TI - [Versatile auricular composite grafts (report of 57 cases)]. PMID- 3151286 TI - [The application of myocutaneous flap for the repair of defects on trunk and limbs following excision of tumors]. PMID- 3151285 TI - [The application of myocutaneous flap for repairing deep defects of soft tissue (report of 31 cases and 39 operations)]. PMID- 3151284 TI - [The development and clinical application of sodium alginate as burn dressing]. PMID- 3151288 TI - [Modified frontal myocutaneous flap for the repair of severe blepharoptosis]. PMID- 3151287 TI - [Operative treatment of 128 cases of myogenic torticollis]. PMID- 3151289 TI - [Treatment of 134 cases of saddle nose with sulfated silicone rubber at room temperature--preliminary report]. PMID- 3151290 TI - [Pressure garment for the prevention and correction of hypertrophic burn scars]. PMID- 3151291 TI - [The use of a Y-shape hypogastric-inguinal flap in hand surgery]. PMID- 3151292 TI - [Surgical treatment of ulcerative wound by a rotation flap]. PMID- 3151293 TI - [The anatomy of the upper eyelid and its clinical significance]. PMID- 3151295 TI - [Histopathological and ultrastructural changes of the liver in rats following phosphorus burn]. PMID- 3151294 TI - [Double V-Y flap for the repair of flexion contracture of proximal interphalangeal joint of the hand]. PMID- 3151296 TI - [Evaluation of the use of human amnion as a biological dressing]. PMID- 3151297 TI - [Preliminary study of muscle protein breakdown in burned patients]. PMID- 3151298 TI - [Plasma cortisol and serum thyroxine levels following burn stress]. PMID- 3151299 TI - [Axial and composite flaps--experiences of 230 instances]. PMID- 3151300 TI - [Enterogenous infection]. PMID- 3151302 TI - [Division of the horizontal palatal plate in preventing recurrence of the clefting after repair]. PMID- 3151301 TI - [The study and use of a post-auricular flap]. PMID- 3151303 TI - [Pedicled vermilion flap in the treatment of vermilion defect following surgical repair of cleft lip]. PMID- 3151304 TI - [Reconstruction of the mandible]. PMID- 3151305 TI - [Complications of mandible surgery]. PMID- 3151306 TI - [Treatment of congenital microtia]. PMID- 3151307 TI - [The use of chemical abrasion in plastic surgery]. PMID- 3151308 TI - [Plastic surgery in America]. PMID- 3151309 TI - [Dual grafting of autologous epidermal cells and skin allografts in the full thickness burn wounds]. PMID- 3151310 TI - [Clinical use of running Y-V plasty]. PMID- 3151311 TI - [Application of running W-plasty on the face region]. PMID- 3151312 TI - [One-stage Abbe's operation]. PMID- 3151313 TI - [Serratia infection in burned patients]. PMID- 3151314 TI - [Treatment for extensive burned patients (experiences of 14 cases)]. PMID- 3151315 TI - [Cutaneous flaps in the treatment of electrical burns in special areas]. PMID- 3151316 TI - [Ps. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide vaccine in the treatment of burns (report of 30 cases)]. PMID- 3151317 TI - [The use of reversed forearm pedicled fascio-cutaneous flap in the treatment of hand trauma and deformity (report of 10 cases)]. PMID- 3151318 TI - [The use of abdominal pedicle flap in repairing of hand trauma (a report of 36 cases)]. PMID- 3151319 TI - [The changes in cardio-pulmonary function following smoke inhalation injury in goats]. PMID- 3151320 TI - [Evaluation of two experimental models of end-to-side microvessel anastomosis in rats]. PMID- 3151321 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa burn wound infection in rats]. PMID- 3151322 TI - [Hyperglycemia in burns]. PMID- 3151325 TI - [The role of linguistic training on the recovery of phonic function following repair of cleft palate]. PMID- 3151323 TI - [Bacteriostatic effect of lyophilized skin]. PMID- 3151324 TI - [Further comment on double eyelid operation]. PMID- 3151326 TI - [The use of laser beam in the anastomosis of blood vessels]. PMID- 3151327 TI - [Advances in the study of mechanism of pulmonary inhalation edema]. PMID- 3151328 TI - [Complications of facial flaps]. PMID- 3151329 TI - In vitro studies of synergistic interaction between aztreonam and cefoperazone. PMID- 3151330 TI - Comparative activities of three new antibacterial agents with aztreonam against gram-negative bacilli. PMID- 3151331 TI - Synergistic in vitro and in vivo activities of ampicillin and aminoglycoside combinations against antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. PMID- 3151332 TI - In vitro effect of combinations of netilmicin with aztreonam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 3151333 TI - In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin. PMID- 3151334 TI - Antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 3151335 TI - In vitro susceptibility of urinary pathogens to quinolones compared to other antimicrobial agents. PMID- 3151336 TI - In vitro characterization of Ro 23-6240. PMID- 3151337 TI - Activity of Ro 236240, Ro 158074 and Ro 195247 against resistant gonococci. PMID- 3151338 TI - Longitudinal study on the therapy of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections with ciprofloxacin on Syrian hamsters. PMID- 3151339 TI - Efficacy of pefloxacin in experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyelonephritis. PMID- 3151340 TI - Changing pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance phenotype in a cancer hospital. PMID- 3151341 TI - Relationship of resistance phenotype to the R-pyocin susceptibility pattern in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 3151342 TI - Level of resistance of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as related to their susceptibility to phages and R-pyocins. PMID- 3151343 TI - Incidence, clinical distribution, and susceptibility to several antibiotics of enterococci isolated in some Italian regions. PMID- 3151344 TI - Study of the penetration of imipenem into the bronchial secretions. PMID- 3151345 TI - Changing patterns in the epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Italy: results from a one-year survey. PMID- 3151346 TI - Pharmacokinetics of Ro 23-6240 (AM 833), a new trifluorinated quinolone. PMID- 3151347 TI - Minimum inhibitory concentrations of some newly developed antimicrobials against common urinary and blood pathogens. PMID- 3151348 TI - Double-blind comparison of spiramycin and phenoxymethylpenicillin in treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (tonsillitis and rhinosinusitis). PMID- 3151349 TI - Trimethoprim in enteric fever. PMID- 3151350 TI - Ciprofloxacin in enteric fever. PMID- 3151351 TI - In vitro sensitivity of 65 Listeria monocytogenes isolates to new and old antibiotics. PMID- 3151352 TI - Ciprofloxacin (BAY 09867): clinical evaluation in urinary tract infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 3151353 TI - Single dose therapy with Ro 23-6240 in patients suffering from acute, non complicated gonococcal infection. PMID- 3151355 TI - Post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis. PMID- 3151354 TI - Different activity of penicillins and cephalosporins on enterococci. PMID- 3151356 TI - Modulation of estrogen receptor and cell proliferation in human breast cancer cells by interferons. PMID- 3151357 TI - Ultrastructural modifications induced by imipenem and their implications in the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 3151358 TI - Comparative activity in vitro of ticarcillin and ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid against Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. PMID- 3151359 TI - Effects of single-dose ceftriaxone on intestinal flora. PMID- 3151360 TI - Bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of ceftriaxone on Hemophilus, Neisseria meningitidis, and Proteus. PMID- 3151361 TI - ATB MIC API system for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 3151362 TI - [Determination of alum in processed Chinese drugs by EDTA titration]. PMID- 3151364 TI - Cloning of tyrosinase gene from Streptomyces lividans in Escherichia coli. PMID- 3151365 TI - Amyloplast from parent NP 113 and high lysine mutant Notch-2 barley. PMID- 3151363 TI - [Possible effects of lead on various hormonal metabolic pathways]. AB - After reviewing the principal studies on the interferences of lead on the endocrine system, this paper reports the results of a survey carried out on 30 subjects in which the effects of lead on serum FSH, LH and testosterone and on urinary steroid hormones excretion were examined. Statistically significant differences were not demonstrated between lead exposed subjects and control group for serum LH and testosterone (total and free) and for urinary steroids. A significant increase of FSH has been detected in lead exposed workers even if this increase remains between the "normal limits" of the laboratory which performed the determinations. The results are discussed in the light of the more recent knowledge about the endocrine effects of xenobiotics in general and heavy metals in particular and some interpretations to justify the detected FSH increase are proposed. PMID- 3151367 TI - Purification and characterization of a beta-glucosidase and endocellulase from Humicola insolens. PMID- 3151366 TI - Molecular heterogeneity of anionic arylsulphatase B from monkey brain and preliminary identification of its phosphorylated component. PMID- 3151369 TI - Threonine production by microorganisms: a review. PMID- 3151368 TI - Synthesis of 11C-radiopharmaceuticals using direct fixation of [11C]carbon dioxide and [11C]carbon monoxide. PMID- 3151370 TI - K+ efflux from the monkey eccrine secretory coil during the transient of stimulation with agonists. AB - 1. Using a K+-sensitive extracellular electrode, we attempted to determine whether cholinergic stimulation of the simian palm eccrine sweat gland is associated with transient net K+ efflux as in other exocrine glands. 2. When isolated secretory coils placed in a glass capillary were continuously superfused (method A), 32% of total cellular K+ was lost during 3 min of stimulation with methacholine (MCh) followed by K+ reuptake when stimulation was stopped. 3. When secretory coils were stimulated in a small chamber (without continuous superfusion, method C), MCh (5 x 10(-6) M)-induced maximal K+ efflux as determined by the peak level of extracellular K+ concentrations was dose dependent, inhibited by atropine but not altered by a cholinesterase inhibitor, physostigmine (1.3 x 10(-5) M). Thus the peak K+ level was used as a measure of K+ efflux throughout the study. 4. Phenylephrine (10(-4) M) and A23187 (5 x 10( 6) M) also induced K+ efflux but to a lesser extent than did MCh. 5. Ouabain (10( 3) M)-induced K+ loss was 2.4-fold higher than the peak level of MCh-induced K+ efflux. 6. In a Ca2+-free medium with added EGTA, inhibition of K+ efflux was only partial in the first MCh stimulation but progressively increased on repeated stimulation, suggesting that cytoplasmic or membrane Ca2+ not readily accessible to EGTA may be important for K+ efflux. Inhibition of K+ efflux in the Ca2+-free medium was completely reversed on subsequent addition of Ca2+. 7. Five millimolar Ba2+ partially inhibited MCh-induced K+ efflux. 8. 10(-4) M-bumetanide itself caused a small K+ loss and strongly inhibited the subsequent MCh-induced K+ loss. 9. MCh-induced K+ loss was drastically inhibited in the low-Cl- (by replacing with gluconate- or methylsulphate-) or low-Na+ (by replacing with Tris+) medium. 10. K+ efflux occurs predominantly across the basolateral membrane. 11. Vinblastine at 10(-4) M, which completely inhibits sweat secretion (our unpublished results), however, showed no effect on MCh-induced K+ efflux. 12. We conclude that the transient net K+ efflux associated with MCh stimulation constitutes a crucial primary ionic event in cholinergic eccrine sweat secretion as in other exocrine secretory cells. PMID- 3151372 TI - AIDS and general practice. PMID- 3151371 TI - Na+-K+ pump activities of high- and low-potassium sheep red cells with internal magnesium and calcium altered by A23187. AB - 1. Sheep erythrocytes were treated with the divalent metal ionophore A23187 to alter the cellular magnesium (Mgi) and calcium (Cai) composition. Ouabain sensitive Na+-K+ pump fluxes were measured using rubidium as a potassium congener in media where Cl- was replaced by NO3-. 2. A23187, per se, had no effect on ouabain-sensitive rubidium influx. However, lowering the concentration of cellular magnesium [( Mg]i) and increasing that of calcium [( Ca]i) decreased Na+ K+ pump flux. 3. Ouabain-sensitive rubidium influx was found to be a saturating function of [Mg]i in high-potassium (HK) red cells with a Hill coefficient of about 1.8 and an apparent half-activation constant (K0.5) of 0.46 mmol/(l original cells). In low-potassium (LK) cells, in the absence and presence of the Na+-K+ pump stimulatory L-antibody, ouabain-sensitive rubidium influx was also saturated with Mgi yielding Hill coefficients of close to 1.8 and K0.5 values of 0.20 and 0.30 mmol/(l original cells), respectively. 4. When [Ca]i was raised at constant [Mg]i ouabain-sensitive rubidium influx was inhibited at about 700 mumol/(l cells) in both HK, and in anti-L-treated LK red cells. 5. These data exclude the possibility that the Na+-K+ pump turnover, known to be different in HK red cells, and in LK red cells in the absence and presence of anti-L (Joiner & Lauf, 1978b), is based on differences in the activation by MgATP, and that Cai interacts with the Na+-K+ pump cycle differently in the two red cell cation types. PMID- 3151373 TI - [Anesthesia with alfentanyl in minor surgery]. PMID- 3151374 TI - [Percutaneous non-surgical gastrostomy: the technic and clinical use]. PMID- 3151375 TI - [Prevention and treatment of post-traumatic extraskeletal ossification]. PMID- 3151376 TI - [Drug sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn wounds during 1985/1986 and its serologic types]. PMID- 3151378 TI - Light chain deposition disease presenting with hepatomegaly: an association with amyloid-like fibrils. AB - We report an unusual case of lambda light chain deposits without overt plasma cell dyscrasia. The clinical presentation was hepatomegaly without biochemical sign of renal involvement. Portal hypertension, spontaneous rupture of the spleen and fracture of the 12th thoracic vertebra occurred during the course of the disease. Ultrastructural studies showed that lambda light chain deposits were associated with amyloid-like deposits. This case suggests that light chain deposition disease and amyloidosis could be two expressions of the same disease. PMID- 3151380 TI - Association of small intestinal diverticulosis with chronic pancreatitis leading to severe malabsorption. Report of three cases. AB - Three cases of chronic pancreatitis occurring in patients with small intestinal diverticulosis and bacterial overgrowth are reported. In two of the cases, pancreatic supplements were therapeutically beneficial (the third being unable to tolerate them). Two of the patients also developed diverticular perforation. The possible nature of the association between small intestinal diverticulosis and chronic pancreatitis is discussed. PMID- 3151379 TI - Coeliac disease and pernicious anaemia. AB - Despite the often reported autoimmune basis for coeliac disease and pernicious anaemia, there have been only occasional reports of the two conditions occurring together. We wish to report of such an association occurring in a 61 year old patient and comment on the diagnostic and prognostic implications. PMID- 3151377 TI - Medical or surgical treatment for Crohn's disease? PMID- 3151381 TI - [Depression. Proceedings of a symposium of the Psychiatry Section of the Society of Psychiatry and Neurology of East Germany. 29-30 October 1986, Neubrandenburg]. PMID- 3151382 TI - [Change and constancy in the concept of depression]. PMID- 3151383 TI - [The depressive syndrome--psychotic depression]. PMID- 3151384 TI - [Determination and critique of the diagnosis "masked depression"]. PMID- 3151385 TI - [Role of the psychopathic principle in the development and treatment of reactive (psychogenic) depressions]. PMID- 3151386 TI - [Peculiarities of psychosocial development in patients with endogenous depression]. PMID- 3151387 TI - [Problems in the diagnosis of endogenous psychoses]. PMID- 3151388 TI - [The contents of depressive delusions]. PMID- 3151389 TI - [Depression in para-suicidal acts from the catamnestic viewpoint]. PMID- 3151390 TI - [Incidence of the endomorphic-cyclothymic axis syndrome and Berner mixed cyclothymic pictures in a patient sample of the neurologic clinic of a district hospital]. PMID- 3151391 TI - [Depressions in the area of polyclinic management]. PMID- 3151392 TI - [Psychoses with depressive symptoms in patients with epilepsy]. PMID- 3151393 TI - [Computer-assisted analysis of findings in depressive psychoses]. PMID- 3151394 TI - [Can endogenous depressions be differentiated from neurotic depressions using depression-specific psychologic methods?]. PMID- 3151395 TI - [What is the value of inclusive curves of arterial pulse waves in the diagnosis of depressions?]. PMID- 3151396 TI - [The dexamethasone suppression test]. PMID- 3151397 TI - [Behavior of intracellular electrolytes in manic-depressive patients treated with lithium]. PMID- 3151398 TI - [Effect of carbamazepine on active transport of serotonin]. PMID- 3151399 TI - [Preventive possibilities in monopolar and bipolar psychoses]. PMID- 3151400 TI - [New developments in preventive therapy of manic-depressive disease]. PMID- 3151401 TI - [Coping with illness and endogenous depression]. PMID- 3151402 TI - [Trends in drug treatment of depressive psychoses]. PMID- 3151403 TI - [Multidimensional therapy of depressive psychoses with reference to nosologic classification]. PMID- 3151404 TI - [Thoughts on psychotherapy of endogenous depressions]. PMID- 3151405 TI - [Treatment of depression within the scope of the day care clinic]. PMID- 3151406 TI - [Chronopathologic aspects of combined sleep deprivation-thymoleptic therapy of depressions]. PMID- 3151407 TI - [Experiences with light therapy (bright light; phototherapy) in depressive syndromes]. PMID- 3151408 TI - [Experiences with electroconvulsive therapy in depressive diseases in advanced age]. PMID- 3151409 TI - [Criminal behavior in depression]. PMID- 3151410 TI - Influence of aflatoxin on malarial infection in mice. PMID- 3151411 TI - Aminomethyl coumarin acetic acid and fluorescein isothiocyanate in detection of leishmanial antibodies: a comparative study. AB - Fluorescein isothiocyanate incorporated in the immunofluorescent antibody test system used for serodiagnosis of leishmanial and other infections suffers certain inherent disadvantages. Aminomethyl coumarin acetic acid, a new fluorescent label for protein, yields better results regarding non-specific background staining and stability, with slower photodecomposition under ultra-violet light when used for detection of leishmanial antibodies. The new labelling agent emits a yellow/green colour with an excitation filter of 450-490 nm and a barrier filter of 520 nm. PMID- 3151412 TI - Chemotherapy of trypanosomiasis: the potentiation of melarsoprol by concurrent difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) treatment. PMID- 3151414 TI - Protective effects of 3,6-bis-(2-piperidinoethoxyl) acridine trihydrochloride (CL 246738) in experimental acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. PMID- 3151413 TI - Anti-laminin and specific antibodies in acute Chagas disease. AB - A striking increase of anti-laminin antibodies contrasting with low levels of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in sera of 16 patients at the acute phase of Chagas disease. The mean absorbancies using an anti-human IgG conjugate were 6563 and 202 for laminin and T. cruzi antigens, respectively; with anti-IgM conjugate the titres were 3442 and 207, respectively. In addition, indirect immunofluorescence tests performed with trypomastigotes from blood or cell cultures have shown extremely high titres (up to 1:10 240), which declined when mouse laminin-absorbed sera were used instead, apparently confirming the presence of laminin in the surface membrane of the parasites. These results support the view that the high anti-laminin titres found in patients with Chagas disease are induced by the newly described galactosyl alpha 1-3-galactose epitope present in T. cruzi trypomastigotes and shared by mouse laminin. PMID- 3151415 TI - The morbidity of schistosomiasis mansoni in the Rusizi Plain (Burundi). AB - A cross-sectional study was made of the morbidity due to Schistosoma mansoni infection in the Rusizi plain, Burundi. An evenly distributed 5% population sample (n = 6203) was examined; each subject was submitted to a standardized medical history and abdominal palpation. The prevalence of infection was 33% and most infections were light. Diarrhoea was complained of by 26% of those infected and 21% of those not infected; "bloody diarrhoea" by 13% and 4%, respectively. The association with schistosomiasis was significant in all age groups. "Abdominal pain" was a very common complaint, "tiredness" an infrequent one; neither was associated with the infection. Left lobe hepatomegaly was found in 26% of those infected, and in 10% of those not infected; right lobe hepatomegaly in 7% and 5%, and splenomegaly in 30% and 24%, respectively. The frequency of organomegaly and its association with schistosomiasis was maximal in children, decreased in adolescents and young adults, and increased again in older adults; its intensity was generally mild. Ascites or histories of haematemesis were not recorded, though several cases of decompensated portal hypertension due to schistosomiasis have been documented at the central hospital of Bujumbura. The relation of morbidity to intensity of infection was limited to a correlation between hepatomegaly and egg load in those over 40 years old. It is concluded that, in this situation, selective mass treatment is a better strategy than targeted or selected group chemotherapy. PMID- 3151416 TI - Effects of mebendazole on patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium: preliminary study. PMID- 3151417 TI - Detection of circulating anodic antigen by ELISA for seroepidemiology of schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - Sera of individuals from Burundi excreting eggs of Schistosoma mansoni (prevalence 35%; 178 subjects) and of similar individuals from Maniema, Zaire (prevalence 95%; 99 subjects), and of 159 Dutch and 81 Zairean non-infected controls, were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of schistosome circulating anodic antigen (CAA). No false positive results were obtained. The sensitivity of the test was 75% in Burundi and 93% in Zaire, a significant difference (P less than 0.05). However, in matched egg output classes the test results did not differ significantly; 60% and 67%, respectively, of those excreting 1-100 eggs per gram of faeces (epg), 86% and 100% of those excreting 101-400 epg, and 100% of those excreting over 400 epg were detected. The efficiency of the assay was 91% in Burundi and 93% in Zaire. The Spearman rank coefficient of correlation between antigen titre and egg output (determined by 3 consecutive Kato egg counts) was 0.61 in Burundi and 0.82 in Zaire. The sensitivity of the test compared well with a single egg count. In addition, preliminary data showed that occasionally CAA was detectable in serum of individuals not excreting schistosome eggs. As CAA is found only in the presence of living worms, such cases reflect active infections. PMID- 3151418 TI - Seroepidemiology of human hydatidosis: use of dried blood samples on filter paper. AB - Programmes for the control of hydatidosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus in Argentina use an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) as a screening test for population surveys aimed at detecting asymptomatic patients. Persons thus selected are referred to health centres for the arc 5 double diffusion test and imaging techniques. One of the most costly procedures of these surveys is the collection of blood samples under field conditions; the possibility of collecting dry blood samples on filter paper was therefore investigated. In a survey of 497 rural inhabitants of an endemic area, the same number of hydatidosis cases (22) were identified by EIA using (i) serum samples and (ii) capillary blood samples obtained by finger prick and collected on filter paper. The latter system was both simpler and cheaper. PMID- 3151419 TI - Yeast mutants illuminate the secretory pathway. PMID- 3151420 TI - Overview of in vitro metabolism of drugs by aquatic species. AB - Most of the major pathways of drug metabolism have been studied in vitro in liver of one or more fish species using model compounds as substrates, but there have been few studies of the metabolism of specific drugs. The cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase system has been studied in many fish species from waters of different temperatures and salinities, and there are numerous quantitative differences between fish species in their ability to catalyze the oxidation of model compounds. In all fish species studied to date, treatment with chemicals of the polyaromatic hydrocarbon type have caused induction of the oxidative metabolism of the expected substrates, whereas treatment with phenobarbital and related chemicals has not induced oxidative metabolism. Cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase activity has been demonstrated in several invertebrate species. Varying carboxylesterase activities have been found in liver and extrahepatic organs of fish, and these may result in differing susceptibilities to ester drugs which are inactivated by hydrolysis. Of the conjugation pathways, glutathione conjugation of electrophilic chemicals, glycosylation of phenols and alcohols, and taurine conjugation of carboxylic acids have been studied in vitro in aquatic animals, but there have been few or no studies of sulfotransferases or acetyltransferases. Considerable species differences are found in levels of activity for most of the pathways studied, and it is therefore not possible at present to predict how a new drug will be metabolized by aquatic animals, based on available literature. PMID- 3151422 TI - Light microscopic, enzyme biochemical and steroid analytical investigations of follicular atresia in the ovary of domestic goose. AB - Follicular atresia in the ovary of the domestic goose was investigated by light microscopic, steroid RIA and lysosomal enzyme activity measuring methods during the spring reproduction cycle. Degenerative processes are associated with the transformation and proliferation of granulosa, internal and external thecal cells in the follicle. Seven types of atretic follicles were identified on the basis of the presence, absence or dominance of cells containing lipids and synthesizing steroids. Conclusive evidence for the relation between cell type and hormone content was found only in one type: in type 6, stromal glandular cells show an extremely intensive PROG synthesizing activity. In the other types it was shown that glandular type of cells which become proliferative during atresia possess a relatively uniform steroid synthesizing ability. This uniformity is also seen in the high activity of lysosomal enzymes regardless of the size and type of atretic follicles. PMID- 3151421 TI - Capnographic monitoring during anesthesia with controlled ventilation in the horse. AB - Forty-five horses were maintained on halothane or isoflurane anesthesia for at least 90 minutes and received positive pressure ventilation after the first 30 minutes of anesthesia. Parameters monitored included end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (ETPCO2), arterial blood pressure, and arterial blood gases and pH. There was a statistically significant correlation between end-tidal carbon dioxide and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) for both halothane and isoflurane anesthesia. There was no significant correlation between end-tidal carbon dioxide and either body weight or systolic blood pressure. No statistically significant difference was found in arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide difference nor in alveolar dead space because of time or positioning over anesthetic periods of up to 3 hours. It is concluded that end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring is a satisfactory measure of changes in respiratory acid-base balance with inhalation anesthesia in horses when ventilation is controlled. PMID- 3151423 TI - [Facilitatory effect of verapamil on adrenergic transmitter release and its relation to calmodulin]. PMID- 3151426 TI - Fibronectin in neoplastic peritoneal effusions in dogs. PMID- 3151424 TI - [Calcium antagonism of allitridi]. PMID- 3151425 TI - Evaluation of some inflammatory, coagulative and immune parameters in progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 3151427 TI - Effects on in vitro growth of Babesia microti by cells and serum from B. microti and Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. PMID- 3151428 TI - Fulminant viral hepatitis in Kuwait. AB - This study describes the aetiology and clinical course of fulminant viral hepatitis in 34 patients. Sixteen of 34 (47%) patients presented with serological evidence that indicated that hepatitis B virus (HBV) was the cause of fulminant hepatitis, while in 13 of 34 (38%) non-A, non-B (NANB) virus was implicated as the cause. Further, in three cases (9%) and two cases (6%) the patients' serological data indicated that hepatitis A (HAV) and the delta agent superinfection, respectively, were the cause. Forty-seven per cent of cases with fulminant viral hepatitis were among those aged between 21 and 40 years. Fulminant hepatitis due to HAV was confined to children less than five years of age, while the two patients who had delta infection were 40 years or older. Fulminant hepatitis occurred with equal frequency among males and females, and with the exception of one case, who had a NANB virus infection, the outcome of fulminant viral hepatitis in this study was invariably fatal. PMID- 3151429 TI - Schistosomiasis in Kano State, Nigeria. II. Field studies on aestivation in Bulinus rohlfsi (Clessin) and B. globosus (Morelet) and their susceptibility to local strains of Schistosoma haematobium (Bilharz). AB - Aestivation patterns in Bulinus rohlfsi and B. globosus were studied by digging transects across the floor of their dried habitats and by monitoring changes in snail population structure during the period when the habitats were flooded. Bulinus rohlfsi, which inhabited a small man-made lake, was found to aestivate towards the bottom of its habitat, aestivation occurring during the last six weeks before the lake dried. The data on B. globosus from a temporary pool are less complete, but they show that this species also aestivates at the bottom of its habitat and can be found buried at depths up to 3 cm. A wide size range of both species of snail were found to aestivate, but there was differential mortality of young B. rohlfsi soon after the lake re-filled, and the optimally surviving size group of B. globosus was 9 mm. The beginning of aestivation in B. rohlfsi did not correlate with any of the physical parameters measured, but it coincided with the dying off of a bloom of unicellular algae. The importance of stimuli other than desiccation in the aestivation process of bulinids is stressed. Laboratory infections with isolates of Schistosoma haematobium showed that both Bulinus species were capable of transmitting local strains of the parasite and indicated the presence of snail host-specific strains. PMID- 3151430 TI - The distribution of Schistosoma mansoni in the Rusizi plain (Burundi). AB - A regional survey of Schistosoma mansoni infection has been performed in the Rusizi Plain (Burundi), on a geographically evenly distributed 5% population sample (6203 subjects) in 41 localities. The overall prevalence was 33%, with 58% of the cases excreting less than 100 eggs per gram of faeces and a mean egg load of positives of 98 eggs per gram. The geographical distribution is very focal; local prevalences range from 3% to 63%, but vary also considerably on a sublocal level. Eight eco-epidemiological zones can be recognized. The infection rates are over 40% in the marshy cotton paysannats near Lake Tanganyika, the irrigated cotton paysannats of the northern plain and a deteriorated rice cultivation area in the south; 30-40% in the other cotton and rice areas of the south; 20-30% in the dry cotton paysannats of the mid-plain and the hors-paysannats at the foot of the mountains. Natural foci certainly occur, but most often man-made hydraulic systems are the basis of high prevalences. Overall the infection rates are maximal in individuals aged 15 to 20, but they remain relatively high in adults. The age-prevalence curves vary from one area to another, however. In rice culture areas the prevalences show an unexpectedly strong decline in adults, indicating that the impact of irrigation on schistosomiasis endemicity is not a problem of occupational exposure. PMID- 3151431 TI - Antibodies reactivity in human Schistosoma mansoni disease: detection and functional activity. AB - The detection and description of the functional activity of anti S. mansoni antibodies, and the relationship between five different antigen preparations, each corresponding to one immunological test for schistosomiasis, are described. This study, using functional assay, suggests that human antibodies detected by skin tests, direct lysis of sheep erythrocytes, complement fixation reaction, indirect immunofluorescent staining and complement-mediated death of schistosomules, show important dissimilarities in reactivities, and it is impossible to ascribe these reactivities to the same class of antibodies. PMID- 3151432 TI - [Effects of processing by granular heated beds on the chemical and functional properties of legume grains]. AB - The present research compares the effect of cooking cowpea, canavalia and lupine by pressure cooking and by a granular bed roaster, on chemical and physical characteristics. The wet cooking process was carried out by pressure cooking at 121 degrees C for 30 min at 15 psi, using a bean-to-water ratio of 3 to 1. The cooked samples were dried with heated air (60 degrees C). The granular bed roasting was carried out at 200 and 250 degrees C for contact times of 2 and 2.5 minutes, at a 5 to 1 sand:bean ratio. For this process, a granular bed roaster was designed and constructed. This process induced in the grain temperatures which varied from 90-128 degrees C, and thermic efficiencies which fluctuated between 38 and 60%. The wet and the dry processes did not affect protein and fat content, although available lysine values decreased slightly. The two processes did not affect water absorption and water solubility. The nitrogen solubility index, however, decreased as roasting temperatures increased in the case of the granular bed roaster, and it also decreased in the wet-cooking procedure. Both processes affected color of the cooked flours, with a light orange color, suggesting non-enzymatic browning due to the high temperatures used. PMID- 3151433 TI - [Description of a methodology to identify and quantify groups of poor and malnourished families in the Republic of Panama]. AB - The methodology used to identify and quantify existing data on the magnitude of nutrition and health damage in different political-administrative areas and families of Panama, is described. The purpose of the present paper is to orient governmental actions of the social field toward the most affected areas and families facing food and nutrition problems. The existing information sources used were the National Nutrition Survey carried out in 1980, the National Census on School Children's Height, of 1980, and the Vital Statistics of 1982. A score determined according to the expected data reliability was applied, by district, to the preschool height retardation data of the 1980 survey, to the data compiled through the school children's height retardation census of 1982 and to the infant and one-to-four year-old children's mortality data. The districts with the highest health and nutrition damage received the lowest score. Following this procedure, 28 districts, 204 "corregimientos" and six priority family groups were selected for social action. The usefulness of this procedure to orient governmental resources toward the poor and malnourished populations is discussed, as well as the technical possibility of carrying it out, on periodical bases, in order to orient program planning and know the impact they have on health and nutrition of the population. PMID- 3151434 TI - [Socioeconomic and nutritional localization, quantification and characterization of functional groups in Panama]. AB - Even though there has been an increase in the coverage of governmental services and an adequate national food availability, malnutrition continues to exist in Panamanian children. In order to geographically and administratively identify those groups more seriously affected by this problem and orient governmental actions towards them, data from the National Nutrition Survey carried out in 1980 in 14 occupational (functional) groups were classified. Social, economic and cultural characteristics of each functional group were associated with food and nutrition problems. More than half of the malnourished children fall within the functional groups who work in the agricultural/sector. Within them, more than 40% of the malnourished live in homes where two-thirds of their income is derived from work performed outside their own farms. In urban as well as in rural areas low food availability exists at the family level in 25% of the families with inadequate diets studied. The food problem in the rural area is worsened due to limited access to health services and poor environmental conditions. Therefore, the malnutrition problem in Panama is linked to low incomes that prevent acquisition of sufficient foods and other goods and services, as well as to the difficulty of accessibility to public services by an important part of the population. PMID- 3151435 TI - Gamma-interferon: the match that lights the fire? PMID- 3151436 TI - 'B-cell factors' are pleiotropic. PMID- 3151437 TI - Monoclonal antibodies as potential blood typing reagents. PMID- 3151438 TI - The Mls locus: new clues to a lingering mystery. PMID- 3151439 TI - Do CD4 or CD8 molecules provide a regulatory signal in T-cell activation? PMID- 3151440 TI - CD8+ T lymphocytes in intracellular microbial infections. PMID- 3151441 TI - MHC class II expression by the gut epithelium. PMID- 3151442 TI - The occurrence of serine phosphate in glycogenin: a possible regulatory site. AB - Glycogenin is the covalently bound protein found in muscle glycogen that is thought to be the primer for glycogen synthesis. We now report that glycogenin contains a phosphoserine residue. From a less than stoichiometric amount of phosphate in glycogenin as isolated, the content may be increased to one molecular proportion, using the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The phosphoserine residue is present within a hitherto-undescribed amino acid sequence. In particular, the serine is not flanked by arginine, previously thought to be an essential adjunct for a serine residue to act as substrate for this kinase. We suggest that the serine phosphate may represent a means of regulating the ability of glycogenin to prime glycogen synthesis. PMID- 3151443 TI - Do postural changes affect gas exchange in acute hemiplegia? PMID- 3151444 TI - Effect of hypoxia on erythrocyte deformability in different species. AB - The contribution of erythrocyte deformability to the pulmonary vascular resistance during hypoxia in different animal species has not been examined. We hypothesized that the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance during hypoxia was partially due to erythrocytes (RBC's) becoming less deformable during hypoxia, and therefore their transit in the capillaries becomes restricted. To test this, we measured an index of deformability of RBC's from six animal species (dog, pig, cat, rabbit, hamster, rat) during normoxic and hypoxic condition, and compared the changes in deformability with the pulmonary hypoxic pressor response (HPR) which has been reported in the same species. Deformability was indexed as the resistance that a Hemafil polycarbonate membrane (Nucleopore filter, 4.7 micron pores) offers to a 10% suspension of RBC's. The RBC suspension was either normoxic (PO2 = 150 torr) or hypoxic (PO2 = 50 torr). We found that hypoxia decreased RBC deformability; the largest decrease occurred in rat RBC's, a small but significant decrease was observed in the RBC's of cats, rabbits and hamsters, but no change was detected in RBC's of dogs or pigs. In general, such changes in deformability do not correlate well with the HPR in intact or in isolated lungs, for example the pig, had the largest HPR but the smallest change in RBC deformability. In some species, however, there was a positive correlation between RBC deformability and HPR, for example rats, rabbits and cats are usually better responders than dogs and hamsters, similarly the deformability of RBC's in rats, rabbits and cats were also more influenced by hypoxia than RBC's from dogs. The limiting factors in this relationship are the artificial conditions which were used to measure deformability and HPR, both may be different than in the intact conditions. Nevertheless the present data show that erythrocytes of some species can become less flexible during hypoxia, and hence may impede the transit in the capillaries. Therefore we propose that the hypoxic pressor response in the pulmonary vasculature may be partly due to smooth muscle contraction (vasoconstriction) and partly due to a decrease in erythrocyte deformability (capillary obstruction). Both components are likely to be species dependent. PMID- 3151445 TI - Metabolism in Mycobacterium leprae, M. tuberculosis and other pathogenic mycobacteria. PMID- 3151446 TI - Growth and nutrition of the very preterm infant. PMID- 3151447 TI - [Early repair of deep burns in the male perineal region, report of 5 cases]. PMID- 3151448 TI - [Free flap transplantation by using a blood vessel anastomosing ring--report of 20 cases]. PMID- 3151449 TI - ["Red tree" extraction in the treatment of burn wounds--experimental study and report of 681 cases]. PMID- 3151451 TI - [Axial skin flap and musculocutaneous flap in the treatment of bedsores--report of 8 cases]. PMID- 3151450 TI - [Five-flap plasty and its modification in the treatment of web scar contracture- preliminary experience]. PMID- 3151452 TI - [Treatment of burns of the earlobe]. PMID- 3151453 TI - [Treatment of electrical contact burns by early debridement and flap transplantation]. PMID- 3151455 TI - [The problem of pigmentation following dermabrasion]. PMID- 3151454 TI - [Treatment of severe electric burn of the knee by a pedicled gastrocnemius musculocutaneous flap]. PMID- 3151456 TI - [Experiences of treating 90 cases of burns complicated with gastrointestinal bleeding]. PMID- 3151457 TI - [Assessment and treatment of disability of living in convalescent burned children]. PMID- 3151459 TI - [Burn mortality and multiple organ failures]. PMID- 3151458 TI - [Treatment of major gasoline contact burns complicated by lead intoxication- report of 10 cases]. PMID- 3151460 TI - [The influences of two different resuscitation regimes on blood rheology during burn shock]. PMID- 3151461 TI - [Effect of hypothermia following burns on the intestinal absorption of glucose]. PMID- 3151462 TI - [Comparisons of early changes between severe steam and smoke inhalation injury in dogs]. PMID- 3151463 TI - [Studies on microskin-grafting--the mechanism of floating of particulated skin]. PMID- 3151464 TI - [Dynamic changes in contents of serum prealbumin in burned patients]. PMID- 3151465 TI - [Observation on cartilage formation from free perichondrial autograft in rabbits]. PMID- 3151466 TI - [Heel coverage by a plantar myocutaneous and fasciocutaneous island pedicle flaps -report of 10 cases]. PMID- 3151467 TI - [The role of inhibitors of thromboxane and prostaglandin on healing of deep partial thickness burns]. PMID- 3151468 TI - [Liposuction (report of 102 cases)]. PMID- 3151469 TI - [Liposuction for treating localized adiposity--report of 24 cases]. PMID- 3151470 TI - [Liposuction--a review]. PMID- 3151471 TI - [Liposuction]. PMID- 3151472 TI - [An inquiry into the causes of hypothyroidism in the early stage of serious burns]. PMID- 3151473 TI - [One-stage repair of a soft tissue defect around the knee joint with a posterior calf fascio-cutaneous island flap]. PMID- 3151474 TI - [Improvement and clinical application of a free abdominal flap with a deep inferior epigastric pedicle]. PMID- 3151475 TI - Alterations in diastolic ventricular interdependence due to myocardial infarction. AB - The pressure and volume in one ventricle can directly influence the pressure and volume in the other ventricle. Since this mechanical coupling depends on the anatomical structure of the heart, we postulated that disease states which alter regional ventricular compliance will alter the mechanical coupling between the ventricles. We examined this hypothesis in six dogs, each with a prior myocardial infarction involving solely the left ventricular free wall. The animals were sacrificed, the hearts removed and placed in cool cardioplegic solution. Balloons were inserted into each ventricle and the left and right pressure (dPl,dPr) and volume (dVl,dVr) changes (or transfer) caused by change to the pressure and volume of the other ventricle were recorded. In five additional experiments, acute changes in compliance were induced by injecting glutaraldehyde into the left ventricular free wall. The results of these experiments were compared to four control experiments. As compared to the control experiments, the transfer functions dPl/dPr, dPl/dVr, dPr/dVl, and dVr/dVl increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in the infarct and glutaraldehyde groups, while the transfer functions dVl/dPr, dVl/dVr, dPr/dPl and dVr/dPl were unaltered in the infarct and glutaraldehyde groups. The results of these studies show significant selective alteration in the mechanical coupling between the ventricles following left ventricular free wall infarction. PMID- 3151476 TI - Normal neonatal surge of gonadotrophins and sex steroids in infants of men with isolated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. AB - The inheritance of isolated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (IHH) is not fully determined. Although men with this diagnosis can be treated to induce fertility, it is not known whether their offspring will inherit the hormonal deficiency. We evaluated the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in nine children (born to men with IHH) during the first few months of life. This axis normally shows activation in infancy similar to that which occurs at puberty. Luteinizing hormone (LH) releasing hormone stimulated a peak LH response in excess of prepubertal levels (39.0 +/- 11 mIU/ml [mean +/- SD]). Testosterone in males (6.2 +/- 2.8 nmol/l and oestradiol in two of the females (320 and 100 pmol/l) were also in excess of prepubertal levels. These infants of men with IHH showed no evidence of inheriting hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. While further studies will be conducted at the usual age of puberty to confirm spontaneous activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, our studies suggest that it may be possible to assess the integrity of this axis at a much younger age. PMID- 3151477 TI - Weight gain and reproductive function: ultrasonographic and endocrine features in anorexia nervosa. AB - Pelvic ultrasonographic measurements and reproductive hormone levels in 36 patients with anorexia nervosa were followed as they gained weight during inpatient treatment. In 24 patients who were severely malnourished (69% of premorbid weight) the ovaries were small and amorphous and the levels of LH, FSH and oestradiol were very low. Weight gain led to the appearance of multifollicular ovaries when levels of LH and oestradiol remained low but FSH levels had increased resulting in an LH:FSH ratio of less than 1. The emergence of a dominant follicle in 19 patients after weight gain (to 97% of premorbid weight) was accompanied by an increase in uterine area and associated with increased levels of LH and oestradiol and an LH:FSH ratio greater than 2. Among these patients with a dominant follicle at peak weight, 11 menstruated within a month of discharge. The weight at which normal ovarian morphology returned was related to premorbid weight (P less than 0.002) whereas body mass index (BMI) was poorly related. Our findings suggest that pelvic ultrasonography is probably the best indicator of the weight required for full endocrine recovery and offers advantages over sequential hormonal measurements, and is valuable in the management of patients with anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3151479 TI - Thyroxine replacement therapy. PMID- 3151478 TI - Plasma inhibin levels in men with chemotherapy-induced severe damage to the seminiferous epithelium. AB - Immunoreactive plasma inhibin levels and free testosterone index (FTI) were estimated in 17 patients who had previously received combination chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease and in 16 age-matched controls. In the same patients we had previously found significantly raised FSH and LH levels in the presence of normal basal and HCG-stimulated total testosterone levels. Mean plasma inhibin levels were not different between the patients (601 +/- 321 U/l) and controls (530 +/- 174 U/l) nor were FTI values (81.5 +/- 35 vs 91 +/- 47 respectively). There was a positive correlation (r = 0.53, P less than 0.05) between FSH and inhibin levels and a negative correlation between FSH and FTI (r = -0.51, P less than 0.05) in the patients but not in the controls. No such correlations with inhibin or FTI existed for LH but there was a positive correlation between LH and FSH levels in the patients. In four patients inhibin levels were pathologically raised and in this group mean FSH values (21.7 +/- 4.7 IU/l) were higher (P less than 0.001) and mean FTI (59.1 +/- 22.6) lower (P less than 0.001) than respective values (13.6 +/- 5.3 IU/l and 88.4 +/- 35) for the remainder of the patients. These data are not compatible with the hypothesis that inhibin is the major negative feedback signal for the control of FSH secretion. PMID- 3151480 TI - Ossification in linear morphoea with hemifacial atrophy--treatment by surgical excision. PMID- 3151481 TI - Protective murine monoclonal antibodies to tetanus toxin. AB - Monoclonal antibodies against tetanus toxin were generated by fusion of mouse NS 1 myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/C mice immunized with tetanus toxoid. Twenty seven hybridomas against tetanus toxin were obtained. Six hybridoma clones, designated as 1A6B12, 1H7D9, 3A8G9, 3A9F2, 3F9H9, 4A6D11 were selected for further studies. All of them were IgG1, k chain and bound specifically to tetanus toxin and toxoid. All six clones were injected intraperitoneally into pristane-primed BALB/C mice. Antibodies with titer up to 10(6) were obtained in the ascites. Results obtained from in vivo neutralization test showed that 1A6B12, 3A8G9, 3F9H9, 4A6D11 mAbs did have neutralizing activities against tetanus toxin. Monoclonal antibody 4A6D11 had the strongest neutralizing activity. 4A6D11 were purified from ascites by DEAE-52 ion exchange chromatography. Comparing to U.S.A. standard antitetanus toxin antiserum, 50 micrograms purified 4A6D11 mAb had 1 international unit neutralizing activity. The purified 4A6D11 mAb was also coupled to cyanogen bromide-activated sepharose to make an affinity column. Pure tetanus toxin can be obtained by passing crude tetanus toxin through this column and eluting the adsorbed toxin with 4M urea. Large scale purified tetanus toxin could be obtained by this method. PMID- 3151482 TI - An outbreak of schistosomiasis japonica in Taiwan. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine the current status of Schistosoma japonicum infection in the newly found endemic focus at Hanpao Farm, Fangyuan District, Changhua County, West-Central Taiwan. Two field surveys and one laboratory investigation were conducted from July to October 1987. Of 705 snails examined by shedding and crushing methods, 17.0% were found to harbor cercariae of S. japonicum. By sodium sulfate-acid-ether-triton centrifugal sedimentation technique, 25% of 16 cattle, 40% of 5 goats, and 50% of 4 dogs were found to be positive for S. japonicum eggs. In the laboratory, 21 mice were exposed to cercariae from single naturally infected snails. Following inoculation, 7 mice died early, 7 were found infected with male worms, 2 with female worms, and 1 with bisexual infection. The results of the present study indicated that the infection rates of snails and domestic animals are higher than those previously reported from elsewhere in Changhua County. PMID- 3151483 TI - Cell lineage in the rat cerebral cortex: a study using retroviral-mediated gene transfer. AB - We have used a retroviral vector that codes for the bacterial enzyme beta galactosidase to study cell lineage in the rat cerebral cortex. This vector has been used to label progenitor cells in the cerebral cortices of rat embryos during the period of neurogenesis. When these embryos are allowed to develop to adulthood, the clones of cells derived from the marked progenitor cells can be identified histochemically. In this way, we can ask what are the lineage relationships between different neural cell types. From these studies, we conclude that there are two distinct types of progenitor cells in the developing cortex. One generates only grey matter astrocytes, whereas the second gives rise to neurones - both pyramidal and nonpyramidal - and to another class of cells that we have tentatively identified as glial cells of the white matter. We have also been able to address the question of how neurones are dispersed in the cortex during histogenesis. It had been previously hypothesized that clonally related neurones migrated radially to form columns in the mature cortex. However, we find that clones of neurones do not form radial columns; rather, they tend to occupy the same or neighbouring cortical laminae and to be spread over several hundreds of micrometers of cortex in the horizontal dimension. This spread occurs in both mediolateral and rostrocaudal directions. PMID- 3151484 TI - Requirements for autosomal gene activity during precellular stages of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - To identify early requirements for zygotic gene activity in Drosophila, we used compound autosomes and autosome-Y translocations to generate embryos deficient for cytologically defined portions of the genome. No obvious gross morphological defects were observed in any deficiency class until the beginning of cycle 14. Only seven autosomal regions were identified with discrete effects visible prior to the onset of gastrulation. These regions include genes with locus-specific effects on the clearing of the cortical cytoplasm during early cycle 14, (22AB), the initiation of the slow and fast phases of cellularization (26BF and 40AC, respectively), the apical-basal distribution of nuclei during cycle 14 (71C-75C) and the closing off of furrow canals during cellularization (100AC). The distal tip of the third chromosome also contains two loci (99DF and 100AC) whose deletion causes multiple nuclei to be cellularized into single cells, a phenotype similar to that produced in embryos totally lacking the X-chromosome. PMID- 3151485 TI - Corneo-scleral rim cultures: donor contamination a case of fungal endophthalmitis transmitted by K-Sol stored cornea. AB - This retrospective study of 549 corneo-scleral rim cultures shows that gentamicin, used in MK and K-Sol medium storage at 4 degrees C, has decreased donor contamination from 43% in whole-globe storage to 13%, but failed to eliminate coagulase negative staphylococci (37%), streptococci (28%) and fungi (28%). Donor-to-host transmitted staphylococcal and streptococcal endophthalmitis have been reported previously. We present the first documented case of donor-to recipient transmitted fungal endophthalmitis following corneal transplantation using corneas stored in MK or K-Sol solution at 4 degrees C; Candida albicans was isolated. Recommendations are made to assess critically the true incidence of donor fungal contamination and the necessity of adding anti-mycotic agents to preservation medium for 4 degrees C storage. In the absence of ideal antimicrobial cover for corneal preservation solutions, stringent prophylactic measures to reduce contamination and continued monitoring of corneo-scleral rim cultures are warranted, if the poor visual consequences of donor-to-host transmitted endophthalmitis are to be avoided. PMID- 3151486 TI - Efficacy of antimicrobial drug combinations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: beta lactams and aminoglycosides. PMID- 3151487 TI - [Monitoring of antibiotic resistance in Ps. aeruginosa and in Ps. maltophilia in the Ospedale di Pordenone]. PMID- 3151488 TI - Molecular genetics of superoxide dismutases. AB - Molecular genetics of SOD has been recently developed primarily due to the new biotechnologies. Different types of isoenzymes have now been cloned and sequenced from several species ranging from bacteria to human and plants. Knowledge of the nucleotide sequences permitted refinement of structural models and provided information on subcellular locations. Cloned genes allowed the production of large amounts of SOD. They have been used for physiological and regulation studies, structural and enzymatic analyses, and are vital tools for the isolation of mutants. Isolation of mutants is generally essential to the understanding of the biological function of the gene in question. Indeed, SOD deficient mutants have now been isolated in bacteria and yeast. Their properties support, at numerous levels, a major role of SOD in cellular defense against oxygen toxicity. Few data are presently available on the molecular basis of mechanisms that regulate the expression of SOD. PMID- 3151490 TI - Intermicrotubular actin filaments in the transalar cytoskeletal arrays of Drosophila. AB - Rabbit muscle myosin subfragment S1 decorates 6 nm diameter filaments in Drosophila wing epidermal cells in the arrowhead fashion characteristic of the binding of subfragment S1 to actin filaments. The filaments in question are concentrated between microtubules that are mostly composed of 15 protofilaments and form cell surface-associated transcellular bundles. There are indications that the majority of the actin filaments have the same polarity and that, like the microtubules, they may elongate from sites at the apical surfaces of the cells. The bundles of F actin and microtubules occur in dorsal and ventral epidermal cell layers of a wing blade. They are joined in dorso-ventral pairs by attachment desmosomes. These transalar cytoskeletal arrays may provide an example of a situation where actin filaments operate as stiffeners rather than active generators of force in conjunction with myosin. The arrays probably function as noncontractile pillars to maintain basal cell extensions and keep haemocoelic spaces open in the highly folded and expanding wing blades of late pupae. PMID- 3151489 TI - New specimens of Oligopithecus savagei, early Oligocene primate from the Fayum, Egypt. AB - New specimens of the early Oligocene anthropoidean, Oligopithecus savagei, from the Fayum, Egypt, include unworn specimens of lower teeth plus the first known upper molar, premolar, and incisor. These finds confirm the anthropoidean status of Oligopithecus. Comparisons with other Fayum taxa suggest that Oligopithecus is more closely related to Propliopithecidae than to Parapithecidae. Dental similarities between Oligopithecus and early platyrrhines are probably primitive retentions that do not support the hypothesis of an Oligocene trans-Atlantic crossing by primates. Among prosimians, the upper teeth of Oligopithecus very closely resemble those of Protoadapis and allied forms (Europolemur, Mahgarita, Periconodon, Hoanghonius), but differ substantially from other prosimian taxa. Most of the dental and osteological resemblances between Oligopithecus and the Protoadapis group are derived features, thus favoring the hypothesis that Oligopithecus and other Anthropoidea are descended from Adapidae. PMID- 3151491 TI - Case presentation: neurofibromatosis. PMID- 3151492 TI - Calcium concentration in the myoplasm of skinned ferret ventricular muscle following changes in muscle length. AB - 1. Ferret ventricular muscles were skinned by prolonged application of Triton X 100. Aequorin was allowed to diffuse into the myoplasmic space and the resulting light emission was used to monitor the myoplasmic [Ca2+]. The muscle was then activated with a lightly buffered Ca2+ solution and the changes in myoplasmic [Ca2+] and tension in response to length changes were investigated. 2. A sudden reduction in muscle length led to a rapid increase in myoplasmic [Ca2+] to a new level which was maintained as long as muscle length was reduced and which was reversed when the muscle was stretched back to the control length. The rate of increase of [Ca2+] when the muscle length was reduced was greater than the rate of decrease in [Ca2+] when the muscle was stretched. 3. Increasing the concentration of EGTA in the activating solution, so as to increase its Ca2+ buffering capacity, eliminated the changes in myoplasmic [Ca2+] in response to a length change but had little effect on developed tension. 4. On stretching the muscle there was a slow component of recovery of tension with a time course broadly similar to the rate of decrease of myoplasmic [Ca2+]. The time course of tension redevelopment and of the accompanying reduction in myoplasmic [Ca2+] both decreased to a similar extent when the [Ca2+] used to activate the muscle was increased. 5. Step reductions of length of increasing amplitude caused increases in myoplasmic [Ca2+] which were larger in proportion to the size of the step. 6. Step reductions of length of equal size but from different starting lengths caused changes in myoplasmic [Ca2+] the amplitude of which correlated with the change in tension rather than the change in length. 7. The increase in myoplasmic [Ca2+] when muscle length is reduced suggests that Ca2+ is released from a site in the muscle, probably troponin C. The time course and magnitude of the changes in myoplasmic [Ca2+] correlate more closely with the changes in developed tension than muscle length. PMID- 3151493 TI - Detection and separation of human red cells with different calcium contents following uniform calcium permeabilization. AB - 1. The human red cell, permeabilized to calcium with the ionophore A23187, is extensively used to study Ca2+ transport and the effects of intracellular Ca2+ on transport and metabolism. The interpretation of results with calcium permeabilized cells, in general, has depended on the implicit assumption that the ionophore-induced calcium distribution among the cells is uniform. 2. To establish whether or not calcium permeabilization with the ionophore A23187 generated a uniform calcium distribution in normal-ATP red cells, a method was developed to detect and separate calcium-permeabilized red cells with different calcium contents. For the method to uncover pre-existing heterogeneity without itself inducing it, it was essential to preserve the calcium distribution which existed at the time of sampling. The method was based (i) on the ability of cytoplasmic Ca2+ to activate K+-selective channels in the membrane, and (ii) on the demonstration here that thiocyanate (SCN-) is a non-limiting co-ion for rapid net KSCN efflux and cell shrinkage in the cold. 3. Calcium-permeabilized cells in pump-leak steady state were washed free of ionophore using ice-cold, albumin containing media. Subsequent incubation at 0 degrees C in low-K+ media with 45-75 mM-SCN- generated dense-cell fractions (H cells) in less than 10 min. These could be separated from the remaining light cells (L cells) by either centrifugation over phthalate oils, or differential osmotic haemolysis, with conservation of the mean total cell calcium. 4. Analysis of the calcium content of H and L cell fractions revealed striking differences in their calcium content, with 70-99% of the mean total cell calcium in the H cell fraction. 5. The ionophore content of density-separated cells, processed with omission of the ionophore removal step, was similar for cells with high- and low-calcium. Magnesium loss from ionophore treated red cells suspended in magnesium-free media followed single exponentials. Thus ionophore distribution and induced permeability were uniform, and the unequal cell calcium content must be due to factors affecting active calcium extrusion. PMID- 3151494 TI - Heterogeneous calcium and adenosine triphosphate distribution in calcium permeabilized human red cells. AB - 1. Calcium permeabilization of inosine-fed human red cells using the divalent cation ionophore A23187 induces pump-leak steady states in which the mean total calcium content of the cells may be held below electrochemical equilibrium for hours. A new method developed to detect and separate cells with different calcium contents revealed a striking heterogeneity of calcium contents in subpopulations of cells in pump-leak steady state (Garcia-Sancho & Lew, 1988a). Most of the mean total cell calcium was found within a fraction of cells rendered dense by the separation procedure (H cells), with relatively little within the remaining light cells (L cells). The experiments in this paper were designed to study the nature and origin of the observed heterogeneity. 2. The fraction of steady-state H cells increased, and the mean ATP content of the cells fell, both linearly, as calcium influx was increased. The H/L divide is therefore the result of a continuous variation in cell properties. When calcium influx was above about 30 mmol/(l cells.h), all cells became dense, calcium distribution was at or near equilibrium, and cell ATP was 0.1-0.2 mmol/l cells. 3. Inosine-fed cells, subjected to ionophore-mediated net calcium influx of 13-15 mmol/(l cells.h), attained a steady state with mean calcium contents far below equilibrium. After ionophore removal and reincubation in calcium-free media, the initial calcium efflux was only a fraction of that required to sustain the previous steady state (less than 25% for H cells, and less than 2% for L cells). The ATP content of L cells was normal whereas that of H cells was irreversibly reduced. These results revealed a paradoxical discrepancy between leak influx and calcium pump efflux in H and L cells which were supposed to have been in steady-state pump-leak balance. 4. The changes in cell calcium and ATP were followed in time after calcium permeabilization to characterize the development of steady-state heterogeneity. Calcium influx triggered a sharp peak in the H cell fraction within 15 s of permeabilization. The mean calcium content of H cells increased towards steady state values as their fraction decreased; most other cells transferred from H to L density fractions (HL cells) within the first 5 min of permeabilization. 5. In substrate-starved cells calcium influx triggered an immediate fall in cell ATP, steeper in H cells than in L cells. The initial calcium and density transients were unattected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3151495 TI - Properties of the residual calcium pools in human red cells exposed to transient calcium loads. AB - 1. Inosine-fed human red cells, pre-loaded with calcium with the use of the ionophore A23187, and reincubated at 37 degrees C after ionophore and external calcium removal, pumped calcium out initially fast and then substantially slower when the residual calcium was still very high (Garcia-Sancho & Lew, 1988 a, b). Particularly surprising was the finding of such residual calcium pools in a subpopulation of cells (L cells, Garcia-Sancho & Lew, 1988b) with normal ATP, high active calcium pumping rates, and K+ channels which remained inactive during the density separation procedure (SCN- treatment; Garcia-Sancho & Lew, 1988a). The purpose of the present experiments was to investigate the properties and possible origins of the residual calcium pools. 2. At each ionophore concentration, the pool size increased with the duration and magnitude of the calcium load. At comparable calcium loads, the pool size was smaller the higher the ionophore concentration used. 3. In cells from the same sample, residual calcium pools were present in cells that became dense after SCN- treatment (H cells) as well as those that remained in the light-cell fraction (L cells). Residual calcium was always higher in H cells than in L cells. 4. Re-exposure of cells to ionophore in Ca2+-free media could rapidly extract over 99% of their residual calcium. Residual calcium is therefore in a rapidly mobilizable form within a membrane-bound compartment. 5. Iodoacetamide-induced ATP depletion of H cells with high residual calcium-stimulated calcium loss. Such stimulation could only occur if ATP depletion inhibited a calcium-retaining process within the cells. 6. L cells with high residual calcium may have failed to dehydrate during SCN- treatment because of irreversible K+ channel inactivation or because K+ permeabilization would no longer generate a dehydrating net cation loss. These possibilities were tested and ruled out since it was found that virtually all cells became dense in low-K+, SCN- media after valinomycin addition or re exposure to A23187 + calcium. 7. The results suggest that part if not all of the residual calcium is contained within compartments with the properties of endocytic inside-out vesicles capable of ATP-dependent calcium accumulation, such as those found in normal and abnormal human red cells (Lew, Hockaday, Sepulveda, Somlyo, Somlyo, Ortiz & Bookchin, 1985). PMID- 3151496 TI - Calcium-induced conversion of adenine nucleotides to inosine monophosphate in human red cells. AB - 1. When inosine-fed human red cells are permeabilized to calcium by exposure to the ionophore A23187, progressively larger proportions of the cell population become irreversibly depleted of ATP as calcium influx is increased (Brown & Lew, 1983; Garcia-Sancho & Lew, 1988b). When calcium influx is over 30 mmol/(l cells.h), all cells become ATP depleted and calcium equilibrated (E cells) (Garcia-Sancho & Lew, 1988b). When calcium influx is lower, E cells co-exist with cells able to maintain normal ATP and low calcium contents in vigorous pump-leak balance (B cells). The experiments reported here investigate why calcium-induced ATP depletion of E cells is irreversible. 2. The inosine monophosphate (IMP) content of cells after 30 min of calcium permeabilization increased with the magnitude of the calcium load, roughly in inverse proportion to the fall in ATP. The calcium-induced increase in IMP was confined to the fraction of cells which became osmotically resistant after SCN- treatment (H cells), and which contained the E cells. 3. Cell nucleotides were measured after calcium permeabilization [( A23187]c = 100 mumol/l cells) in substrate-free media with different [Ca2+]o (0 0.5 mM). Calcium entry caused rapid ATP fall, AMP and IMP accumulation, and delayed ADP fall at all [Ca2+]o concentrations. Initial IMP formation increased with [Ca2+]o along a sigmoid saturation-like curve whereas AMP accumulation and ATP fall were maximal at [Ca2+]o = 20 microM and declined at the higher [Ca2+]o. The rate of IMP formation correlated positively with cell ATP and negatively with cell AMP at all [Ca2+]o values. 4. The AMP deaminase activity of red cell lysates was reversibly increased over tenfold by calcium. Half-maximal stimulation was observed at a Ca2+ concentration of about 50 microM. 5. These results suggest that the irreversibility of calcium-induced ATP depletion results from irreversible trapping of the adenine nucleotide as IMP, and help explain the mechanism of E cell formation. PMID- 3151497 TI - Maximal calcium extrusion capacity and stoichiometry of the human red cell calcium pump. AB - 1. The uphill calcium efflux through calcium-saturated pumps in intact red cells was investigated with the aid of a new method, in initial conditions of uniform ionophore A23187-induced calcium distribution among the cells. The method is based on findings by Tiffert, Garcia-Sancho & Lew (1984) which show that cobalt can suddenly arrest passive calcium transport by the ionophore and expose, without noticeable interference, uphill calcium extrusion by the pump. The results comprise methodological aspects and questions concerning interactions between inner pump sites, ATP and Ca2+, and the calcium: ATP stoichiometry of the calcium-saturated pump. 2. Ionophore-induced calcium influx was set to be far in excess of the maximal calcium pump capacity. This secured a uniform calcium distribution among the cells, and Ca2+ equilibration by 2 min or less of calcium permeabilization. Cobalt was added between 15 s and 5 min after ionophore addition. The calcium and ATP content of the cells was followed during ionophore induced influx and cobalt-exposed efflux. 3. The external cobalt concentrations required to block completely ionophore-mediated calcium transport were similar or only marginally higher than those of calcium. 4. The reproducibility of independent cobalt-exposed calcium efflux measurements from single blood samples was within an 8% range. 5. During cobalt-exposed calcium efflux, the calcium content of subpopulations of cells, with and without active Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels, investigated by post-incubation of samples in low-K+, thiocyanate (SCN ) media (modified from Garcia-Sancho & Lew, 1988a), was similar. This is consistent with the maintenance of a uniform calcium distribution among the cells during uphill calcium extrusion. 6. Cobalt-exposed calcium efflux was similar in the interval from 15 s to 5 min after calcium permeabilization although cell ATP levels had fallen by over 50% in that period. Therefore, cell ATP concentrations within the physiological range do not seem to be regulatory for calcium-saturated pumps in the intact red cell. 7. All cobalt-exposed calcium efflux curves were linear in time, at least until total cell calcium contents reached levels below 100 mumol/l cells. This suggests that internal calcium is not inhibitory for calcium-saturated efflux in intact cells in the 0.1-1 mmol/l cells range. 8. The cobalt-exposed calcium fluxes were in the range from 4 to 24 mmol/(1 cells.h) for fresh cells and from 10 to 18 mmol/1 cells. h) for samples from the Blood Bank.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3151498 TI - Perceived value of treatment among a group of long-term users of hormone replacement therapy. AB - There have been many epidemiological studies on the effects of long-term use of hormone replacement therapy, but women's own views of this type of treatment have rarely been investigated. This paper presents data on experiences and perceptions of hormone replacement therapy from 3117 British women receiving the therapy who were attending a specialist menopause clinic, and in whom mortality and cancer incidence were being monitored. Almost 90% of the women claimed to have found the therapy helpful overall, although ascribed benefits for specific ;menopausal' symptoms were often much more equivocal. Data are also presented on women's sources of information about treatment options. More women identified the mass media or a personal contact (48%) than a health professional (41%) as their first source of information, and over 20% indicated that they had exerted pressure on their general practitioner to obtain the therapy. These data point to the key role that general practitioners can play in managing ;menopausal' symptoms once a woman has made the decision to consult. PMID- 3151499 TI - [Evaluation of the clinical effectiveness and adverse effects of transdermal nitroglycerin in the form of plasters in patients with stable coronary disease]. PMID- 3151500 TI - Search for cell culture systems with diverse xenobiotic-metabolizing activities and their use in toxicological studies. AB - Many toxic effects are not caused by the administered compound itself, but are due to metabolites. All cell types express some xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, but levels and patterns are very variable. Critical metabolic steps may occur within the target cell and/or at other sites. This complex situation is difficult to mimic in vitro. The further problem is that cells that are taken into culture tend to rapidly cease the expression of important xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Part of the problem may be solved by the addition of exogenous metabolizing systems, for example, in the form of freshly isolated hepatocytes, crude subcellular preparations, or purified enzymes. In these systems, the plasma membrane of the target cell may act as a barrier for the active metabolite and thereby lead to false negative results. The alternative is the use of metabolically active target cells. We therefore screened 18 cell lines for monooxygenase, cytochrome P-450 reductase, epoxide hydrolase, glutathione transferase, and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activities. In further studies, IEC 17, IEC-18, and HuFoe-15 cells showed their capabilities of activating a broad spectrum of structurally heterogenous promutagens, as indicated by the induction of micronuclei. These cells, however, were not suited for the study of a more relevant genetic end point, the induction of hereditary functional changes (gene mutations), implying that a compromise had to be made on the level of the toxicodynamics. In the second approach, cDNAs encoding the rat cytochromes P 450IA1 and P-450IIB1, set under the control of a constitutive promoter, were transfected into V79 Chinese hamster cells, which do not express cytochromes P 450 but are ideal target cells for gene mutation assays. The resulting substrains (XEM1, XEM2, XEM3; SD1) stably expressed cytochromes P-450IA1 and P-450IIB1, respectively, and showed the corresponding monooxygenase activities. Aflatoxin B1, cyclophosphamide, dibutylnitrosamine, and benzo[a]pyrene mutated SD1 and/or XEM1 and XEM2 cells, but were inactive in parental V79 cells. The mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-trans-dihydrodiol was about 1000 times more potent in XEM1 and XEM2 cells than in SD1 and V79 cells. Other promutagens were inactive in V79 as well as in the genetically engineered daughter lines. This system therefore is not yet optimal in general screening for the detection of new mutagens, but appears ideal in the identification of critical xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes for a given mutagen. PMID- 3151501 TI - Mediating role of metabolic activation in in vitro cytotoxicity assays. AB - Enzymatic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and its effect on cytotoxicity were studied using the neutral red viability assay as the end point. Benzo[a]pyrene was progressively cytotoxic to human hepatoma (HepG2) cells over a 1- to 3-d period, and after induction of monooxygenase activity with a polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) mixture (Arochlor 1254), cytotoxicity was increased about threefold. Concomitant with Arochlor exposure was an increase in the activity of 7-ethoxycoumarin odeethylase, which could be inhibited by exposure to alpha-naphthoflavone. Human keratinocytes (NHEK), but not fibroblasts (HFF), were sensitive to the cytotoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene. However, preexposure of the keratinocytes to Arochlor did not increase their sensitivity to benzo[a]pyrene. Neither the keratinocytes, fibroblasts, nor HepG2 cells were sensitive to acenaphthene. Addition of hamster or rat hepatic S9 mix, however, resulted in toxicity from benzo[a]pyrene and acenaphthene. 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene was only mildly cytotoxic to the fibroblasts, and its cytotoxicity was not enhanced in the presence of rat or hamster S9 mix. Exposure of the HepG2 cells to 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene showed progressive toxicity over a 1- to 3-d period. Prior exposure of the HepG2 cells to Arochlor did not enhance their sensitivity to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Human keratinocytes were sensitive to 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, with cytotoxicity markedly increasing over a 1- to 3-d period. PMID- 3151503 TI - Prostaglandin-H-synthase competent cells derived from ram seminal vesicles: a tool for studying cooxidation of xenobiotics. AB - Prostaglandin-H-synthase (PHS) peroxidase has been suggested to mediate drug metabolism particularly in extrahepatic tissues low in monooxygenase (MFO) activity. PHS can oxidize various xenobiotics in vitro; its contribution in vivo is still uncertain and is currently assessed by differences in the MFO- and PHS catalyzed product/adduct formation of a few suitable substrates. Cells in culture that are PHS competent but MFO deficient can provide an additional approach for further investigating the role of PHS in the metabolic activation of foreign compounds. To this end, a cell line has been derived from ram seminal vesicles (SEMV), a tissue known as a good source of PHS but shown to be devoid of MFO activity. SEMV cells can be cultured in IBR or in RPMI medium supplemented with fetal calf serum, and have been subcultured until passage 30. The arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in these cells has been characterized: besides incorporation in the lipid pool, AA was mainly metabolized to prostaglandin (PG) E2; minor products were PGF2 alpha and the lipoxygenase products 12- and 15-HETE. The PGE2 production (17 nmol/10(6) cells.24 h) of SEMV cells (passage 10) exceeded at least 10-fold that of other cells cultured under similar conditions. These data, indicative of high PHS activity, suggest that the cells can be a useful tool for future studies on the objectives outlined above. PMID- 3151502 TI - Assessment of peroxisome proliferation and liver growth-stimulating potential by nondirectly genotoxic compounds in cultured hepatocytes. AB - Previously, we have established that some peroxisome proliferators, a class of nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens, are able to induce replicative DNA synthesis (RDS) in cultured hepatocytes. Hepatomegaly observed after short-term in vivo treatment correlated better with the ability to induce RDS than with the potency as peroxisome proliferator assessed in vitro. To clarify the challenging question of the limited sensitivity of primates to peroxisome proliferators, primary cultures of marmoset hepatocytes have been treated with nafenopin for some days. As expected from in vivo observations, no evidence for peroxisome proliferation could be observed. However, nafenopin induced a dose-dependent increase in the amount of RDS, but this induction was measurable only when the serum was absent from the culture medium. These results confirm that peroxisome proliferation and mitogenicity might be independent properties of peroxisome proliferators. Since in vivo the ability of compounds to induce RDS in liver cells is relevant to at least one key parameter of the hepatocarcinogenic response, it is suggested that measurement of RDS inducibility in cultured hepatocytes from different species might be relevant and useful to assess species differences in the liver tumor potency of nondirectly genotoxic compounds. PMID- 3151504 TI - [Clinical application of Dentocult]. PMID- 3151506 TI - [Experimentation with the Pivot Kalodont toothbrush]. PMID- 3151505 TI - [Periodontal surgical pack]. PMID- 3151508 TI - [Correlation between caries incidence and malocclusions (statistical study of a Spello-PG school population)]. PMID- 3151507 TI - [Caries in children: epidemiology in Italy from '75 to '86]. PMID- 3151509 TI - [Bacterial plaque and preventodontic problems]. PMID- 3151510 TI - [The importance of hygiene control in orthodontics]. PMID- 3151511 TI - [Epidemiology of edentulism]. PMID- 3151512 TI - [Orthodontic therapy and candidiasis of the oral cavity]. PMID- 3151513 TI - [Treatment plans in orthodontic therapy. 1]. PMID- 3151514 TI - [Orthopantomography, oblique and occlusal projections]. PMID- 3151516 TI - [Fluoride, diet and drinking water. Evaluation of dietary and water fluoride levels in Rome]. PMID- 3151515 TI - [Desquamative gingivitis and chlorhexidine]. PMID- 3151517 TI - The pharmacology of vitamin E. PMID- 3151518 TI - [Chagasic granuloma of the brain in a patient with lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3151520 TI - [Tocographic pattern induced by misoprostol]. PMID- 3151519 TI - [Histochemical study of the skeletal muscle in malnourished patients]. PMID- 3151521 TI - [Glycocalyx and periodontal disease]. PMID- 3151522 TI - [In vitro analysis of diffusion of some aldehydes through roots of pulpotomy treated teeth. 2]. PMID- 3151524 TI - [Influence of long-term treatments on effectiveness in a public dental practice]. PMID- 3151523 TI - B-cell malignant lymphoma associated with monoclonal macroglobulinemia and cryoglobulinemia. AB - A 55-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with fever, ascites, generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. A cervical lymph node was biopsied and diagnosed as a diffuse mixed cell type B-cell malignant lymphoma with positive cytoplasmic IgM in plasmacytoid lymphocytes and immunoblasts. Serum protein electrophoresis disclosed a monoclonal peak and immuno-electrophoresis identified the abnormal protein as IgM kappa(k). Serum immunoquantitation revealed an IgM level of 1470 mg/dl. Bence-Jones protein of the k type was positive in the urine. Cryoglobulin with the characteristics of IgM was present in the serum. In peripheral blood, hemoglobin was 12.4 g/dl, WBC 26,500/microliters with increased abnormal cells and the platelet count 2.2 x 10(4)/microliters. Low fibrinogen and high FDP levels indicated the existence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Gabexate mesilate (FOY) was administered at a dose of 1,000 mg/day for the DIC with very good response. After one course of combination chemotherapy (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone, adriamycin), he achieved complete remission. However, three months later, he showed icterus and anorexia again with high levels of serum GOT and GPT and positive HBs antigen. On the 117th hospital day, he became abruptly developed right hemiplegia and coma. Cranial CT demonstrated massive thalamic bleeding in the left hemisphere with ventricular rupture, and he died on the same day. PMID- 3151525 TI - [Oral manifestation of neurofibromatosis in 2,5 year-old girl]. PMID- 3151526 TI - Effect of chemotherapy on hepatic collagen and glycosaminoglycan metabolism in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. AB - The dynamics of biosynthesis and accumulation of collagenous proteins and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in liver granulomas induced by eggs of Schistosoma mansoni were studied in mice following eradication of adult worms by chemotherapy. The relatively synchronous granulomas around parasite eggs were isolated from the livers at ensuing 2-week intervals; the number of recoverable granulomas per liver gradually decreased and was 7% of initial values at 20 weeks. Hepatic or granuloma-associated extracellular matrix components increased for 4 weeks after treatment despite cessation of ova deposition. At 12 weeks after chemotherapy the rate of GAG biosynthesis per total liver granuloma fraction, measured by 3H-glucosamine incorporation, decreased dramatically; this was followed by a decrease in the amount of GAGs present. The rate of collagen biosynthesis per total liver granuloma fraction, measured by 3H-proline incorporation, began to decline at 14 weeks and a decrease in the amount of collagen present was noted at 16 weeks. Our results demonstrated that liver granulomas induced by S. mansoni eggs synthesize collagens and GAGs for about 4-6 weeks following parasitological cure. The subsequent resolution of granulomas proceeds first by a reduction in GAG biosynthesis followed 4-8 weeks later by decreased collagen biosynthesis, followed by accelerated resolution of both collagen and GAGs. PMID- 3151527 TI - Mebendazole in the treatment of mice experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 3151528 TI - Control of schistosomiasis transmission in newly established smallholder irrigation schemes. AB - The extent to which schistosomiasis can be controlled through careful design of the irrigation works, the operation schedule, the location of villages and the provision of safe water supplies and sanitation in smallholder irrigation schemes at Mushandike in south-east Zimbabwe is reported. The schemes provide land for 400 peasant families who are monitored for schistosomiasis soon after resettlement. Between April 1986 and August 1987 there was a marked reduction in overall prevalence following treatment. For Schistosoma haematobium, the reductions in 2 schemes were 53% and 82% and for S. mansoni, 82% and 100%, in spite of transmission in settlements upstream from the schemes. In contrast, in a nearby irrigated farm where no control measures were introduced, S. haematobium prevalence declined by only 31% while that for S. mansoni increased by 22% a year following treatment. These results are supported and strengthened by measurements of snail population sizes and their infection rates, cercarial densities in the water and incidence data for the human population, and suggest that the engineering and environmental control measures introduced are significant means of controlling transmission in smallholder irrigation schemes with the lowest recurrent costs. PMID- 3151529 TI - Circulating antigens for assessing cure in schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - An antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using antibodies made in rabbits and sheep to adult Schistosoma mansoni extract antigens has been developed and evaluated as a diagnostic test for schistosomiasis. 25 of 42 patients with S. mansoni infections had detectable circulating antigen while sera from all of 45 normal subjects and patients with other parasitic infections did not react. When the 25 with antigenaemia were retested 3 months after treatment, all 21 who were cured were negative while the 4 with persisting S. mansoni eggs in their stools remained positive. Antibodies to a fractionated egg antigen (CEF6) also diminished in most patients following successful treatment, but the reduction was insufficient to predict successful therapy. PMID- 3151530 TI - Sensitization against the parasite antigen Sj26 is not sufficient for consistent expression of resistance to Schistosoma japonicum in mice. AB - Mice immunized with purified antigen preparations produced in Escherichia coli and containing the glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzyme of Schistosoma japonicum (Sj26) can be partially resistant to infection with this parasite. Maximum resistance was approximately 50% and no protection was obtained in BALB/c mice, known low responders to Sj26. Although only Freund's complete adjuvant has been used, the data obtained indicate that satisfactory levels of resistance to S. japonicum will not be attained by vaccination with Sj26 alone. Other antigens, including the additional GST isoenzyme of S. japonicum Sj28, will probably be required to establish whether Sj26 will be an important component of a defined multivalent vaccine against schistosomiasis japonica. PMID- 3151531 TI - Recognition of a category of responders to group II, slow-grower associated antigens amongst Kuwaiti senior school children, using a statistical model. AB - A mathematical model previously developed to test the validity of categorisation of skin test responders has been applied to data obtained from 3 age groups of Kuwaiti school children. Two specially designed sets of 4 new tuberculins were tested on senior school children to determine whether extra categories of responders might exist amongst them. Strong statistical evidence has been obtained that a proportion of the children respond to group ii, slow-grower associated antigen, creating a fourth responder category, but no evidence was found for responses to group iii, fast-grower associated antigen. The significance of group ii antigens in immune protection from tuberculosis has never been considered specifically. It is of special interest to note that responders to these antigens have been readily found in Kuwait, a country where BCG is thought to be effective, whereas no such category could be found in India or Sri Lanka, where the efficacy of the vaccine is less certain. PMID- 3151533 TI - Evolution and selective advantage of circadian rhythms. PMID- 3151532 TI - Sensitisation by mycobacteria and the effects of BCG on children attending schools in the slums of Bombay. AB - Quadruple skin testing with new tuberculins was used to evaluate the effects of previously administered BCG Madras in children attending schools in the slums, or living in Kopri Leprosy Colony in Bombay. There were differences between schools both in the level of sensitisation of children without BCG scars and in the effects of BCG vaccination. Results obtained at one school resembled those obtained in a previous study in Agra, where BCG was thought to be ineffective. Results from the other schools and Kopri were more like those previously reported from Ahmednagar, where BCG was considered to be much more effective. Thus within the same city groups of children of the same social status may vary widely both in their contact with mycobacteria and in their capacity to benefit from BCG vaccination. PMID- 3151534 TI - Re-innervation of pancreatic tissue implants in normal and in sympathetically denervated eyes of rats. AB - Embryonic, newborn and adult pancreatic tissue fragments were implanted into the anterior eye-chamber of rats of the same offspring to determine whether there is any difference in the pattern of their re-innervation. In another experiment the embryonic pancreatic tissue fragments were implanted into sympathetically denervated eyes of homologous rats. Newborn, adult and embryonic pancreatic tissue implants were removed under a stereo-microscope after 17, 45 and 53 days, respectively. The embryonic pancreatic tissue implants in denervated eyes were removed after 46 days. The implants were processed for electron microscopy. The embryonic, newborn and adult pancreatic tissue implants were equally well re innervated by agranular and granular vesicle-containing nerve terminals and varicosities from the host iris. The embryonic pancreatic tissue implants were also re-innervated in sympathetically denervated eyes, most likely by parasympathetic nerves of the iris. Except for the few intrinsic nerve profiles, the re-innervating nerve fibres seemed to reach the implant stroma through the blood vessels revascularizing the implants. The re-innervation of the endocrine pancreas is more pronounced than that of the whole tissue. PMID- 3151535 TI - Interconnection of demyelination processes and inflammation in the dynamics of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Using a new method for the simultaneous demonstration of myelin breakdown products and cell elements in the demyelinated nervous tissue, a number of previously unknown regularities were revealed concerning interconnection between demyelination processes and inflammation in the dynamics of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Alterations in osmophilia and in size of myelin breakdown products in the demyelination foci are demonstrated to be the most essential in the EAE pathomorphology, a certain type of cellular reaction corresponding to each stage of periaxonal changes. A close relationship was found between demyelination processes and inflammation which determines the structure of the demyelination foci at various stages of the disease. PMID- 3151536 TI - Ultrastereologic studies on the myocardial mitochondria in experimental hypothyroidism. AB - Ultrastereologic studies were performed on myocardial mitochondria in experimental hypothyroidism induced by the excision of the thyroid gland. Studies were carried out using accepted methods in stereology according to Weibel et al. Mitochondrial membrane surface areas and relative volumes of individual membranes and compartments were calculated by means of Weibel's grid and square grid. Quantitative studies disclosed that in hypothyrotic animals mitochondrial matrix volume increased, while mitochondrial external compartment volume was reduced, which reflected lowered energy production by mitochondria and its transfer to other subcellular structures of myocardial fibers. The studies allowed to evaluate energy state of mitochondria and enabled to examine the course bioenergetic disturbances within myocardial fibers, the effect of which was progressive heart hypodynamism and failure. PMID- 3151537 TI - Histological evaluation of pulpal responses to four composite resins in dog dental pulps. AB - The pulpal responses to four composite resins--used in dentistry for anterior tooth restorations--were studied in adult dog teeth. The materials were placed in Class V buccal cavities following the instruction of the manufacturers and their effects were evaluated after 72 h, 30 and 60 days using routine histological methods. The results indicated that a pulpal response was observed only at the 72 h time interval in all the resins investigated, and the index of this response was less than 1 for all of them. PMID- 3151538 TI - The mosaic of colour-specific photoreceptors in the mammalian retina as defined by immunocytochemistry. AB - A monoclonal antibody (OS-2) produced earlier to chicken visual pigments was found to recognize a small fraction of cones in mammalian species. Recently, these cones were shown to be blue-sensitive by the method of selective photic damage. After exposing rabbits to intense blue light, characteristic morphological changes were found in cones stained by OS-2. Another monoclonal antibody (COS-1), in turn, labelled all the intact cones which remained unstained by OS-2. The complementarity of OS-2 positive and COS-1 positive cones was demonstrated in several mammalian species, including monkey and man. PMID- 3151540 TI - The effects of hypertension on the wall of the large intracranial arteries with special reference to the changes of some connective tissue elements. AB - The effect of hypertension on the wall of the major cerebral arteries of 62 patients was investigated at the light microscopical level. This series does not include patients with atherosclerosis of the large intracranial arteries. In hypertensive individuals the intracranial arteries showed concentric intimal thickening. Furthermore, the collagenous fibers occurred in the media as early as in the third decade of life in place of reticular fibers. On the basis of literary data and our findings one may suppose that under permanent mechanical influence the arterial smooth muscle cells synthetize predominantly collagenous fibers instead of reticular fibers. PMID- 3151539 TI - Organelle distribution in the wedge-, spindle- and inverted wedge-shaped neuroepithelial cells during chick embryo neurulation. AB - The formation of the neural tube is a morphogenetic process involving cell-shape changes. The activity of the cytoskeletal elements of the neuroepithelial cells and the interkinetic nuclear migration affect the neuroepithelial cell shape in a way that these cells acquire three distinct conformations of wedge-shaped, spindle-shaped and inverted wedge-shaped cells. Each of them is ultrastructurally characterized in this paper with regard to the intracellular distribution of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, yolk droplets, lipid bodies and Golgi apparatus. These distribution patterns are analyzed in relation to the role played by the neuroepithelial cells during the successive phases of neural tube formation. PMID- 3151541 TI - The biphasic nature of a human amelanotic melanoma tumour line HT-18. AB - The morphological features of a human amelanotic melanoma tumour line, HT-18 was studied in vitro. Primary cultures show that the tumour cells are biphasic with respect to their differentiation as revealed by light microscopy, SEM and TEM. Most of the cells show numerous processes resembling neuronal dendrites. The cytoplasm contains stage I and II melanosomes, occasionally melanosomes showing irregular pigmentation. According to these observations it appears that the HT-18 cells are at an earlier phase of differentiation showing both melanogenic and neurogenic activity. PMID- 3151542 TI - Glycosaminoglycan containing fat-storing cells in hepatic fibrogenesis. AB - Male F-344 rats were treated for 10 weeks either with CCl4 (0.2 ml/kg, per os, twice a week) or with CCl4 (same as above) and phenobarbital (0.2 g/l in drinking water). Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis developed in both treated groups, and was confirmed histologically. Cirrhosis was more frequent after the CCl4 + phenobarbital treatment. The collagen content of the liver, measured by morphometry and biochemically, was significantly higher in the animals of the group treated with CCl4 + phenobarbital than in the animals treated only with CCl4. Specially altered fat-storing cells (Ito cells) were found in the periportal and septal fibrotic areas in direct proportion to the amount of fibrosis and cirrhosis. They were identified as altered fat-storing cells by their desmin content and Vitamin A storing capability. This study demonstrated that these cells were enlarged and contained neutral fat, lipofuscin and PAS positive material. The potential role of GAG-containing FSC in fibrogenesis is discussed. PMID- 3151543 TI - Serological evaluation of ultrasound examination for chronic schistosomiasis japonica in a previously endemic area--the Chikugo River Basin, Japan. AB - Ultrasound diagnosis of chronic schistosomiasis japonica was assessed by comparison with the results of serological tests using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with egg and adult worm antigen, and the circumoval precipitation test. The subjects were persons resident in the Chikugo River Basin in Kyushu, southwest Japan, where schistosomiasis used to be highly prevalent. Of 93 individuals with a past history of infection, 37 (39.8%) presented the characteristic echo pattern of the disease (network, sieve, mottled or mixed pattern). In the serological tests, the ultrasound (US)-positive subjects showed a significantly higher IgG antibody-positive rate in ELISA (81.1% for egg-ELISA), than the US-negative subjects (37.5% for egg-ELISA). Individuals bearing dead Schistosoma japonicum eggs proven by tissue biopsy showed a similar antibody positive rate (76.5% for egg-ELISA) to that of the US-positive subjects. Sera of a group which had no schistosomiasis characteristic echo pattern, but had liver fibrosis, hepatomegaly or liver cirrhosis as shown by US, were also highly positive (71.4% for egg-ELISA). The present serological studies thus confirmed the usefulness of ultrasound diagnosis for chronic schistosomiasis japonica. Furthermore, we were able to determine certain indications of liver abnormality currently undefined in the normally utilized US classifications. PMID- 3151544 TI - Experimental transmission of Theileria sergenti of cattle in Japan by Haemaphysalis mageshimaensis. PMID- 3151545 TI - MRI diagnosis of vertebral arteriovenous malformations in neurofibromatosis. AB - We describe two patients with neurofibromatosis, each of whom was found to have an arteriovenous malformation (AVM), an uncommon manifestation of the disease, presenting as an extradural space-occupying lesion in the cervical spine. In one patient the finding of an unsuspected AVM at operation led to massive blood loss; in the other magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the neck allowed the diagnosis to be made and the hazard of an operation to be avoided. Solid tumours that may occur in the disease of neurofibromatosis are known to cause neurological deficits as the result of space occupation. We wish to draw attention to another pathological entity which may cause neurological deficits: that of AVMs. We also propose that in the investigation of such a patient MRI be borne in mind as a non invasive radiological tool, particularly as, hopefully, its cost reduces and its availability becomes more widespread. PMID- 3151546 TI - Coexistence of TRH with other neuroactive substances in the rat central nervous system. AB - Colocalization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-like immunoreactivity with other neuroactive substances was examined immunohistochemically in colchicine-treated rat brains using double-staining or elution-restaining methods. Thyrotropin releasing hormone-like immunoreactivity was shown to be located in the same neurons as: 1. enkephalin-, gamma-amino butyric acid- and tyrosine hydroxylase-, but not somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb 2. oxytocin- and cholecystokinin-, but not vasopressin-like immunoreactivity in the supraoptic nucleus 3. cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity in posterior pituitary 4. enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the perifornical area of the hypothalamus and 5. neuropeptide Y- and neurotensin like immunoreactivity in the periaqueductal central grey. These findings provide further examples of coexistence of thyrotropin-releasing hormone with classical neurotransmitters and/or peptides in the rat central nervous system. PMID- 3151547 TI - Enhancement by recombinant interferon-gamma of spontaneous tumor cytostasis by human neutrophils. AB - Human peripheral neutrophils treated with recombinant human interferon-gamma (IFN) inhibited tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) uptake by various tumor cells. The concentration-response curve of IFN required for induction of cytostatic activity of neutrophils showed two peaks. Short time incubation of neutrophils with IFN at 4 degrees C was sufficient for inducing neutrophil cytostasis. When neutrophils pretreated with IFN for 5 min at 4 degrees C were further treated with trypsin, cytostasis by the treated neutrophils was decreased depending on the concentration of trypsin, whereas cytostasis by neutrophils pretreated with IFN for 180 min at 37 degrees C was not inhibited by trypsin treatment. Cytostatic activity induced by IFN was inhibited by pretreatment of IFN with anti-IFN monoclonal antibody. PMID- 3151550 TI - Effect of pain-relieving techniques on post-operative protein economy. PMID- 3151548 TI - Perioperative nutrition. PMID- 3151549 TI - The influence of calorie and nitrogen balance on weight loss. PMID- 3151551 TI - Ideal amino acid profile in post-operative TPN. PMID- 3151552 TI - Influence of hormones on post-operative metabolic responses with special reference to growth hormone. PMID- 3151553 TI - The influence of TPN formulation on the metabolic response to pre-operative refeeding in depleted patients. PMID- 3151554 TI - Trace elements and vitamins in perioperative nutrition. PMID- 3151556 TI - Pre-operative nutritional status. PMID- 3151557 TI - Plasma proteins as nutritional indicators in the perioperative period. PMID- 3151555 TI - Malnutrition, resectability and post-operative outcome in gastric cancer patients. PMID- 3151558 TI - Is measuring immune function a useful nutritional indicator in the perioperative period? PMID- 3151559 TI - Post-operative fatigue, nutritional status and muscle performance. PMID- 3151560 TI - Post-operative fatigue. PMID- 3151561 TI - Trials, costs and complications. PMID- 3151562 TI - Risk factors for post-operative complications. PMID- 3151563 TI - Effects of pre-operative TPN on surgical risk--preliminary status report. PMID- 3151564 TI - Pre-operative intravenous nutrition. PMID- 3151565 TI - Pre-operative feeding. PMID- 3151566 TI - Oral feeding after uncomplicated abdominal surgery. PMID- 3151567 TI - IONIP, a criterion of surgical outcome and patient selection for perioperative nutritional support. PMID- 3151568 TI - Some aspects of enteral feeding after abdominal surgery. PMID- 3151569 TI - The feeding jejunostomy. PMID- 3151571 TI - Fat metabolism in the perioperative period. PMID- 3151570 TI - Changing requirements? The small bowel as a metabolic organ. PMID- 3151572 TI - Basis of treatment of myocardial failure. PMID- 3151573 TI - Characterisation of myocardial mechanical function in acute heart failure. PMID- 3151574 TI - [The use of microskin-grafting in extensive burns]. PMID- 3151575 TI - [Early excision and one-stage grafting with full-thickness autologous skin in total deep burn of the face]. PMID- 3151576 TI - [An evaluation of simultaneous blepharoplasty and correction of saddle nose]. PMID- 3151578 TI - [Blepharoplasty by four buried sutures (report of 1134 cases)]. PMID- 3151577 TI - [The clinicopathological findings of multiple organ failure in major burns]. PMID- 3151579 TI - [Free eyebrow reconstruction with respect to hair growth cycles]. PMID- 3151580 TI - [Gracilis muscle transplantation for the treatment of incontinence of the sphincter ani]. PMID- 3151581 TI - [The application of a free anterolateral femoral cutaneous flap for th repair of chronic ulcers of foot and ankle]. PMID- 3151582 TI - [The treatment of ptosis by suspension with a frontal myofascial flap]. PMID- 3151583 TI - [Acute bleeding of ulcer of the digestive tract complicating burns in children]. PMID- 3151584 TI - [Blood gas analysis in 40 burned patients]. PMID- 3151585 TI - [The treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the femur by lateral femoral myocutaneous flap with broad pedicle]. PMID- 3151586 TI - [The repair of a partial traumatic defect of the auricles]. PMID- 3151587 TI - [The use of a computer for calculation of constituents and prescriptio of recipes in nutritional therapy of burned patients]. PMID- 3151588 TI - [A clinical analysis of burn injuries in 12 epileptic patients]. PMID- 3151589 TI - [The application of conchal cartilage graft in reconstruction of unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity]. PMID- 3151590 TI - [The comparison study of facial nerve transposition and nerve grafting]. PMID- 3151591 TI - [Pathological observations of respiratory tracts and lungs in burned patients with inhalation injuries]. PMID- 3151592 TI - [A study of intracellular pH and energy metabolism of myocardium of burned rats with the aid of 31p nuclear magnetic resonance]. PMID- 3151593 TI - [Reconstruction in late facial paralysis]. PMID- 3151594 TI - [Control of a hypertrophic scar with the application of radioactive nuclides]. PMID- 3151595 TI - [A retrospective survey of burn treatment in recent five years (1981-1985)]. PMID- 3151596 TI - [Experimental study and clinical application of free composite finger (toe) nail graft]. PMID- 3151597 TI - [The use of modified V-Y advancement flaps for fingertip reconstruction]. PMID- 3151598 TI - [Management of mass burn casualties]. PMID- 3151600 TI - [Elementary discussion on complications of injecting silicone rubber liquid into the dorsum nasi]. PMID- 3151599 TI - [The use of a fiber-optic laryngoscope with a flexible stylet for difficult trachea intubation]. PMID- 3151601 TI - [An analysis of arterial blood gases during the shock period in major burns]. PMID- 3151602 TI - [Functional reconstruction of the tongue with fascia lata myocutaneous flap]. PMID- 3151604 TI - [Clinical application of a tissue flap from the scapular region (report of 15 cases)]. PMID- 3151603 TI - [Plasticity of glutaraldehyde-treated heterogeneous cartilage (porcine ear) and its clinical application]. PMID- 3151605 TI - [Reconstruction of congenital microtia (anotus), experiences and lessons]. PMID- 3151606 TI - [Application of a dorsal island flap of the penis to repair hypospadias of scrotal and perineal types (report of 5 cases)]. PMID- 3151608 TI - [Surgical treatment of post-traumatic enophthalmos (report of 5 cases)]. PMID- 3151607 TI - [Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia in burns]. PMID- 3151610 TI - [Double eyelid operation by the "twisted and pressed sutures"]. PMID- 3151609 TI - [Trace elements in the serum and blister fluid of burn patients]. PMID- 3151611 TI - [Advanced rotation flap combined with a small triangular flap to repair unilateral cleft lip (report of 16 cases)]. PMID- 3151612 TI - [Clinical significance of quantitative bacterial culture of the sub-eschar tissue in burns]. PMID- 3151614 TI - [The effect of air-fluidized bed on fluid therapy in early burned patients]. PMID- 3151613 TI - [Early escharectomy and grafting in the treatment of deep facial-cervical burns]. PMID- 3151615 TI - [Transplantation of a platysma musculocutaneous flap for burn wounds and scar contractures of the occipito-cervical region]. PMID- 3151616 TI - [An analysis of contents of burn blister fluid]. PMID- 3151617 TI - [Hypertonic saline solution for resuscitation of shock as a result of second degree burn]. PMID- 3151618 TI - [Experimental study of glutaraldehyde treated heterogeneous cartilage (porcine ear) and its antigenic property]. PMID- 3151619 TI - [Experimental study of heterogeneous cartilage transplantation]. PMID- 3151620 TI - [Pathological study of the burned dogs treated with two different resuscitation regimens during shock period]. PMID- 3151621 TI - [Psychological study on plastic surgery patients]. PMID- 3151623 TI - [To found a school of plastic surgery unique to China]. PMID- 3151624 TI - [Reconstructive surgery of Treacher-Collins syndrome]. PMID- 3151625 TI - [The use of free tissue flaps with anastomoses of blood vessels in the treatment of deep burns (analysis of 49 cases)]. PMID- 3151622 TI - [Myofibroblast and scar tissue]. PMID- 3151626 TI - [Micro-surgical anatomy and clinical use of an anterior thoracic fascio-cutaneous flap]. PMID- 3151627 TI - [The use of an anterior cervico-thoracic pedicle flap for the treatment of scar contracture of the neck]. PMID- 3151628 TI - [The observation of serum myoglobin in burned patients]. PMID- 3151629 TI - [The evaluation of determination of Mb, T3, T4 by radioimmunoassay in burned patients]. PMID- 3151630 TI - [The use of Chinese-made silicon gel capsules in mammoplasty]. PMID- 3151631 TI - [Changes in thyroxin, insulin and blood sugar levels in burn patients]. PMID- 3151632 TI - [The use of glutaraldehyde-preserved bovine amniotic membranes on burn wounds]. PMID- 3151633 TI - [An analysis of early blood gas changes in 25 burned patients]. PMID- 3151635 TI - [Reversed island forearm flap with a deep palmar arch as the pedicle]. PMID- 3151634 TI - [Correction of burn scar contracture of joints by traction]. PMID- 3151637 TI - [Changes in trace elements, Zn and Cu, following burns]. PMID- 3151636 TI - [Surgical treatment of scar contracture of a burned hand]. PMID- 3151638 TI - [The use of a lateral thoracico-abdominal free flap (report of 3 cases)]. PMID- 3151640 TI - [The bilobed tensor fascia lata myocutaneous flap transfer for treating a greater trochanteric pressure sore]. PMID- 3151639 TI - [A new pattern of silastic prosthesis for augmentation rhinoplasty]. PMID- 3151641 TI - [Congenital dactylomegaly (report of 3 cases)]. PMID- 3151643 TI - [The effect of whole blood or balanced solution transfusion on heart contractility during the shock period--experimental study]. PMID- 3151642 TI - [Direct transplantation of autologous epidermal cells--experimental study and preliminary clinical use]. PMID- 3151644 TI - [The relationship between morphological changes of thyroid gland and serum calcium in severely burned dogs]. PMID- 3151645 TI - [Improved method for preparation of lyophilized skin and its trial production]. PMID- 3151646 TI - [Advances in the study of the mechanism of inhalation pulmonary edema]. PMID- 3151647 TI - [Skin pulp of auto-epithelium and homeoderma in the treatment of extensive full thickness burns--a new method of skin grafting]. PMID- 3151648 TI - [Evaluation of the use of revascularized free and composite flaps in plastic and reconstructive surgery]. PMID- 3151649 TI - [Composite cervical flap in cranio-cervical reconstruction]. PMID- 3151650 TI - [Silicon rubber with steel wire as a scaffold in ear reconstruction]. PMID- 3151651 TI - [An analysis of trace elements in fluids for intravenous infusion]. PMID- 3151652 TI - [Repair of scarred alopecia using the soft-tissue expander (report of 17 cases]. PMID- 3151653 TI - [Correction of severe nose deformity following repair of unilateral cleft lip in adults]. PMID- 3151654 TI - [Experience in reconstruction of lip defects--a report on 40 cases]. PMID- 3151655 TI - [Cultured allogenous epidermis and its clinical use--a preliminary report]. PMID- 3151657 TI - [The use of narrow dorsal oblique phalangeal flap to repair defect of the pulp of the same finger]. PMID- 3151656 TI - [Correction of severe eversion of the lower lip due to bilateral facial paralysis in leprosy]. PMID- 3151658 TI - [Observations on serum and urine lactate dehydrogenase in burned patients]. PMID- 3151659 TI - [One-stage reconstruction of the exposed bone due to electric burn with an island latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap]. PMID- 3151660 TI - [Prognosis of burns in pregnancy--a report of 31 cases]. PMID- 3151661 TI - [Correction of congenital adduction flexion deformity of the thumb by release of soft tissue contracture and rotating wedge osteotomy of the metacarpal bone]. PMID- 3151663 TI - [Experimental study on the early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis after thermal injury in rats]. PMID- 3151662 TI - [Does thromboxane inhibitor promote healing of deep partial thickness burns?]. PMID- 3151664 TI - [Topical use of horse immunoglobulin in the treatment of Pseudomonas burn wound infection--an experimental study]. PMID- 3151665 TI - [Histopathological study on the alkaline burned skin of rats]. PMID- 3151666 TI - [Effects of F.D.P. and D.C.A. on myocardial energy metabolism and intracellular pH of hearts of severely burned rats]. PMID- 3151667 TI - [In vivo alteration in ventricular transmembrane potentials of burned rats]. PMID- 3151668 TI - [Plastic surgery of scar deformity of the breast following burns]. PMID- 3151669 TI - [Reductive mammoplasty by upper flaps with nipple and areola transposition]. PMID- 3151670 TI - [Reconstruction of the breast by silicon rubber prosthesis implantation immediately after subcutaneous mastectomy--report of 7 cases]. PMID- 3151672 TI - [The use of an indigenous tissue expander in the repair of scar contracture]. PMID- 3151671 TI - [The use of an indigenous skin tissue expander in reconstructive surgery after burn injury]. PMID- 3151673 TI - [Significance of preservation of a length of a burned phalangeal bone and its method of reconstruction]. PMID- 3151674 TI - [The use of an island skin flap and island myocutaneous flap in plastic surgery]. PMID- 3151675 TI - [Application of a free medial thigh flap to the treatment of late postburn cases (report of 6 cases)]. PMID- 3151676 TI - [Burned bone treated with free skin autograft: report of 19 cases]. PMID- 3151677 TI - [Clinical application of a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap: report of 5 cases]. PMID- 3151679 TI - [An analysis of serum free amino acids in burn patients]. PMID- 3151680 TI - [Correction of severe ptosis by a fascia suspension method: report of 25 cases]. PMID- 3151678 TI - [The fate of a burned necrotic tubular bone covered by tissues with adequate blood supply]. PMID- 3151681 TI - [Patterns of outbreaks of burn sepsis]. PMID- 3151682 TI - [A study of vitamins A and C allowances in burn patients]. PMID- 3151683 TI - [Treatment of electrical burns. A clinical analysis of 304 cases]. PMID- 3151684 TI - [Complications of electrical burns--an analysis of 36 cases]. PMID- 3151686 TI - [Pathomorphological observation of microskin grafting]. PMID- 3151685 TI - [Early histopathological and ultrastructural changes in myocardium in dogs with smoke inhalation injury]. PMID- 3151687 TI - [Evaluation of resuscitation of shock with oral fluids in dogs with 30% superficial second degree burn]. PMID- 3151688 TI - [Comparison of a combination of clindamycin/gentamycin with metronidazole/gentamycin in surgery of the head and neck]. PMID- 3151689 TI - Modifying expression of the engrailed gene of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The engrailed gene is required for segmentation of the Drosophila embryo and is expressed in cells constituting the posterior developmental compartments. In mutant embryos lacking engrailed function, portions of the cuticular pattern in each segment are deleted, resulting in fusion of adjacent denticle bands. Using P element-mediated transposition, we generated flies that express the engrailed gene under the control of an hsp70 promoter, and found that ectopic, heat-shock induced, engrailed expression caused pattern defects similar to those in embryos lacking engrailed function. Sensitivity to heat shock was only during the cellular blastoderm and early gastrulation periods. This window of sensitivity corresponds to the time when wild-type engrailed protein localizes into segmentally reiterated strips and represents only a small portion of the normal period of engrailed gene expression. PMID- 3151690 TI - [Adhesion of a dentin adhesive to cementum and dentin]. PMID- 3151691 TI - [Physico-chemical interaction between dentin and composite. Ultrastructural study]. PMID- 3151692 TI - Immediate or delayed operative treatment of fractures of the ankle. AB - This study presents the results of the treatment of 92 unilateral fractures of the ankle. Of these, 72 patients were operated on immediately after the injury and 20 patients had delayed operations. Both groups are comparable in age, injury, fracture type and treatment. From the results it can be concluded that delayed open reduction and internal fixation 5-8 days after injury will give similarly good functional results. However, postoperative immobilization and the time spent in hospital by patients treated by delayed operation is significantly longer. PMID- 3151693 TI - von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. Case report with extensive involvement of the sciatic nerve. AB - The authors report a case of neurofibromatosis with extensive involvement of the sciatic nerve and associated manifestations in the skin and spine. The main features of von Recklinghausen's disease are recalled. Particular emphasis is placed on the surgical treatment of the sciatic nerve neoplasm and on postoperative management. PMID- 3151694 TI - Protein myristoylation as an intermediate step during signal transduction in macrophages: its role in arachidonic acid metabolism and in responses to interferon gamma. AB - The role of macrophages in the regulation of inflammation and immunity is, in part, due to their secretory repertoire. Among the important mediators released by macrophages are the products of both the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid (20:4) metabolism. The principal focus of this paper is the mechanism by which bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) regulate 20:4 metabolism in macrophages. LPS has the capacity to prime macrophages for greatly enhanced 20:4 metabolism when the cells are subsequently challenged with a spectrum of triggers. Concomitant with priming, LPS also promotes the covalent attachment of myristic acid to a set of macrophage proteins. The time and concentration dependence of LPS-induced protein myristoylation is consistent with a role for myristoylation in LPS priming of the 20:4 cascade. One of the myristoylated proteins is a 68K (K = 10(3) Mr) protein kinase C substrate which associates with membranes upon myristoylation. LPS-primed macrophages show greatly increased phosphorylation of the 68K protein when the cells are subsequently treated with protein kinase C activating phorbol esters. It is proposed that the myristoylation of the 68K protein promotes its attachment to the membrane where it is more closely associated with activated protein kinase C (PKC), an association which would ensure more efficient catalysis during the mobilization and oxygenation of 20:4. This paper also examines protein myristoylation during T-cell-mediated activation of macrophages. Immune-activated macrophages have an enhanced capacity to kill several infectious agents by oxidative mechanisms. The lymphokine gamma-interferon (IFN gamma) rapidly induces the myristoylation of a 48K protein. This 48K protein is also myristoylated in murine macrophages that have been activated in vivo by intraperitoneal injection of Corynebacterium parvum, suggesting that it may be an important intermediate in the activation of macrophages for enhanced microbicidal capacity. PMID- 3151695 TI - Dictyostelium discoideum mutant synag 7 with altered G-protein-adenylate cyclase interaction. AB - Previous results have shown that Dictyostelium discoideum mutant synag 7 is defective in the regulation of adenylate cyclase by receptor agonists in vivo and by GTP gamma S in vitro; the guanine nucleotide activation of adenylate cyclase is restored by the high-speed supernatant from wild-type cells. Here we report that in synag 7 membranes: (1) cyclic AMP receptors had normal levels and were regulated by guanine nucleotides as in wild-type; (2) GTP binding and high affinity GTPase were reduced but still stimulated by cyclic AMP; (3) the supernatant from wild-type cells restored GTP binding to membranes of this mutant, and partly restored high-affinity GTPase activity; (4) the supernatant of synag 7 was ineffective in these reconstitutions and did not influence GTP binding and GTPase activities in mutant or wild-type membranes. These results suggest that the defect in mutant synag 7 is located between G-protein and adenylate cyclase, and not between receptor and G-protein. A factor in the supernatant is absent in synag 7 and appears to be essential for normal GTP binding, GTPase and activation of adenylate cyclase. This soluble heat-labile factor may represent a new molecule required for receptor- and G-protein-mediated activation of adenylate cyclase. PMID- 3151696 TI - Molecular orbital study on the metabolic pathway through the diol epoxide form of carcinogenic benzene in comparison with benzo[a]pyrene. AB - The stabilization energy for the hydronium-ion-catalyzed hydrolysis of benzene diol epoxide (BDE) in the configuration of anti- or syn-form has been estimated by using the semi-empirical molecular orbital calculations with the CNDO/2 method. The values for the formation of carbonium ion from BDE are compared with those from benzo[a]pyrene, and it is suggested that the anti-form BDE belongs to a relatively strong reactive group with benzo[a]pyrene and benz[a]anthracene. The reactivity of BDE to the cation is completely different from that of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diol epoxides (PAHDEs) from the viewpoint of the electronic structure; the cation from the anti-form BDE has a three center-four electron bond, whereas cations from PAHDEs do not have such a bond and the aromaticity still remains. PMID- 3151697 TI - Modulation of lysine transport in cultured rat astrocytes and astrocytoma cells. AB - In the previous paper, it was shown that the transport of lysine into astrocytes and astrocytoma cells obeys the classical enzyme kinetics. Although unmodulated lysine transport into both normal rat astrocytes and rat astrocytoma cells is somewhat slower than needed for observed growth in the culture, it is capable of a large degree of enhancement. Insulin increases the Vmax for lysine influx in astrocytes tenfold and in astrocytoma cells fivefold. Glutathione produces a Vmax enhancement of 80% for astrocytes and 70% for astrocytoma cells. gamma-Glutamyl hydrazide is a weak inhibitor of lysine transport. Diethyl maleate appears to break down the regulation of lysine transport and allows a large increase in lysine influx in both cell types studied. Basic amino acid analogues canaline and S-aminoethylcysteine are not potent inhibitors of lysine transport. Lysine efflux kinetics are slower for C6 cells than for astrocytes; this difference is abolished by diethyl maleate and by dithiothreitol. PMID- 3151698 TI - [Infections in children during treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia according to Riehm's regimen. analysis of material from the I pediatric clinic of the Silesian Medical Academy in Zabrze from 1982-1986]. PMID- 3151699 TI - [Behavior problems in pedodontics: clinical evaluation]. PMID- 3151701 TI - [Prophylaxis and interceptive procedures in orthodontics. 1]. PMID- 3151700 TI - [Lichen planus. Clinical status and therapeutic approaches]. PMID- 3151702 TI - Aggressive physiologic monitoring of pediatric head trauma patients with elevated intracranial pressure. AB - The management of pediatric patients with severe head trauma often requires aggressive physiologic monitoring and treatment. As intracranial pressure (ICP) increases, so does mortality. Yet attempts to decrease elevated ICP can cause physiologic and hemodynamic problems. In this retrospective analysis of 25 patients treated with ICP monitoring alone, ICP measurements plus mannitol, or ICP measurements plus pentobarbital (PB) induced coma/mannitol, survival rates were higher than predicted, particularly among the most severely injured. These results were apparently due to the intensive care and aggressive monitoring. Although barbiturates are known to decrease ICP, the adverse effects encountered, including hypotension, cardiovascular depression and arrhythmias, often outweigh the benefits. Hemodynamic abnormalities are unpredictable and monitoring with Swan-Ganz catheter is useful in managing patients with PB-induced comas. Many failures of PB therapy in pediatric patients may be related to undiagnosed decreases in cardiac output, resulting in decreased cerebral blood flow, even with well-controlled ICP. PMID- 3151703 TI - [Endemic disease control in the area around the Tucurui Power Plant]. PMID- 3151704 TI - [An intradermal test for the diagnosis of Chagas' disease and perspectives on its use by SUCAM (Superintendent of Public Health]. PMID- 3151705 TI - [Integration of actions for controlling endemic diseases using the basic health system: Chagas' disease]. PMID- 3151706 TI - [A comprehensive health plan in combatting schistosomiasis in the State of Maranhao, Brazil]. PMID- 3151708 TI - [The complex professional responsibility of paramedical personnel]. PMID- 3151707 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains: synergism and pyocinogenia induction]. PMID- 3151709 TI - [The eye wound]. PMID- 3151710 TI - [Care of the malnourished infant]. PMID- 3151711 TI - [Emergency measures in an ENT unit for the extraction of intracavity foreign bodies]. PMID- 3151712 TI - [First aid for patients with digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 3151713 TI - [Management in craniocerebral trauma]. PMID- 3151714 TI - [Medical care for mother, child and youth is the major concern of the medical health network]. PMID- 3151715 TI - [The efficacy of the exfoliative cytological examination in detecting cancer of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 3151716 TI - [The role of collaboration between the visiting nurse and the midwife on the level of medical dispensary care for lowering neonatal mortality]. PMID- 3151717 TI - [Health education and the prevention of infectious-contagious diseases]. PMID- 3151718 TI - [The medical-pharmaceutical polemics in 1859 and the problem of the author of "Minor surgery" in 1844]. PMID- 3151719 TI - [The involvement of pediatric paramedical personnel in improving the demographic indicators]. PMID- 3151720 TI - [The prenuptial consultation, an effective preventive means in protecting the health of young people]. PMID- 3151721 TI - [Genital infections in young girls]. PMID- 3151722 TI - [The contribution of paramedical personnel to child growth and development in nursery- and kindergarten-type collectives]. PMID- 3151723 TI - [The puericulture consultation--an opportunity for the expert assessment of infant neuropsychic development]. PMID- 3151724 TI - [The role of health education in controlling premature births]. PMID- 3151725 TI - [The possibilities, forms and means of family education]. PMID- 3151726 TI - [Rational nutrition for the sick patient]. PMID- 3151728 TI - [The sterilization of medical materials. The operating technic]. PMID- 3151727 TI - [An activities and free-time regimen for pupils in the lower grades of high school]. PMID- 3151729 TI - [A Red Cross hospital in 1916. Hospital No. 10 in Tirgu-Jiu]. PMID- 3151730 TI - [Artificial nutrition as a risk factor in infant morbidity and mortality]. PMID- 3151731 TI - [Early determination and proper follow-up of pregnancy]. PMID- 3151732 TI - [The influence of an instructional-educational program in kindergarten on the neuropsychomotor development of neuropsychically retarded children 4 and 5 years old]. PMID- 3151733 TI - [The correct technic for disinfection with formol (HCHO) via sprays in health units (I)]. PMID- 3151734 TI - [Respiratory diseases--the principal cause of morbidity in childhood]. PMID- 3151735 TI - [The role of paramedical personnel in caring for the elderly in the outpatient clinic and at home]. PMID- 3151736 TI - [The role of the surgical nurse in performing the surgical operation]. PMID- 3151738 TI - [Implementation and functional optimization of a health education laboratory as a part of primary prevention activities]. PMID- 3151739 TI - [The educational component in the theory of biorhythms]. PMID- 3151737 TI - [The medical team in the rehabilitation of the motor handicapped]. PMID- 3151740 TI - [Organization of the prevention and treatment of strabismus in children]. PMID- 3151741 TI - [Dispensary care of the infant at risk]. PMID- 3151742 TI - [The correct technic for disinfection with formol (HCHO) via sprays in health units (II)]. PMID- 3151743 TI - [The role of paramedical personnel in the health education of the younger generation]. PMID- 3151744 TI - [Assuring the hemodynamic stability of cardiac patients]. PMID- 3151745 TI - [Prophylactic assistance to university young people with the view to promoting mental health]. PMID- 3151746 TI - [The contribution of paramedical personnel in nurseries to preventing speech disorders in preschoolers]. PMID- 3151747 TI - [Health education concerns in the formation of hygienic habits among children in kindergarten]. PMID- 3151748 TI - [Paramedical health personnel with literary concerns]. PMID- 3151749 TI - Abnormal protein hyposecretion in early and late course of alpha chain disease. PMID- 3151750 TI - Affinity chromatography in the purification of alpha chain disease proteins. PMID- 3151751 TI - [Prospective study of the primary resistance of the tuberculosis bacillus to antibiotics. Methods and results]. PMID- 3151752 TI - [Morphologic and functional repercussions of schistosomiasis mansoni of the small intestine]. PMID- 3151753 TI - Lack of correlation between jejunal mucosal morphology and intestinal absorption in the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - Eleven patients with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis mansoni were studied. Intestinal absorption of fat and xylose was normal in all patients. Despite these normal absorption parameters, the mucosa showed variable degrees of villus atrophy and an increase of the number of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. Through morphometric analysis it was seen that the villi were shorter and the ratio villus height/crypt depth was increased in schistosomiasis patients as compared to normal control children. Five of the 11 biopsies contained granulomata with ova in the mucosa or submucosa. PMID- 3151756 TI - Animal species and strains used to test chemical carcinogens: results of a preliminary study. AB - The selection of animal species sufficiently representative of human physiological processes and sensitive to a wide spectrum of toxic agents is one of the major problems in toxicology. The aim of this study, based on animal experimental carcinogenesis data available from the literature, was the identification of animal strains most often used in experimental carcinogenesis. The analysis was limited to experiments on chemicals or groups of chemicals classified by IARC under Group 1 of carcinogenic risk (sufficient evidence). For each experiment considered in the study, data concerning animal species, strains, and substrains (whenever possible) were collected. The data analysis has shown that approximately 83 and 61% of the considered carcinogens were tested positively in mouse and rat, respectively, and that A, Swiss, and C3H mouse strains and Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rat strains were used most often. The study has shown that practically all decisions regarding the carcinogenicity of substances are based on the response of only two animal species (mouse and rat). Therefore, a clear and complete understanding of carcinogenicity mechanisms in these species becomes essential in order to extrapolate results to man. PMID- 3151754 TI - Studies on fermented corn flour food poisoning in rural areas of China. II. Isolation and identification of causal microorganisms. AB - Using potato dextrose agar medium, 40 strains of microorganisms were isolated from leftover fermented corn flour samples involved in outbreaks of food poisoning. All strains produced powerful toxins which caused the same intoxication to mice, dogs, and monkeys as the leftover food samples. On the basis of results obtained from the morphology of this bacteria and its colony, from biochemical tests, and from the G-C mole percentage in DNA, the bacteria was identified as Flavobacterium farinofermentans nov. sp. (Meng, Z. and Wang, D.). PMID- 3151755 TI - Toxic effects of nifurtimox and benznidazole, two drugs used against American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease). AB - American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease) is an endemic parasitic disease afflicting more than 20 million persons in Latin America. Two drugs are currently being used for treatment of the acute phase of Chagas' disease: 4-[(5 nitrofurfurylidene)amino-3-methylthiomorpholine-1,1-di oxide] (Nifurtimox; Nfx) and (N-benzl-2-nitro-1-imidazole acetamide) (Benznidazole; Bz). Nfx and Bz have serious undesirable effects, which have been reported during their clinical use, including anorexia and weight loss, nausea and vomiting, nervous excitation, insomnia, psyche depressions, convulsions, vertigo, headache, sleepiness, myalgias, arthralgias, loss of balance, disorientation, forgetfulness, paresthesias, adynamia, acoustic phenomena, peripheral neuropathies, gastralgia, mucosal edema, hepatic intolerance, skin manifestations, and intolerance to drinking alcohol. Effects in the central and peripheral nervous system of Nfx were also reproduced in animals. Signs of testicular and ovarian injury were reported for both Nfx and Bz, the effects of Bz being in general less intense than those of Nfx. Both drugs evidenced mutagenicity. In light of the present knowledge about the toxicity of Nfx and Bz, further studies on the mutagenic, teratogenic, carcinogenic, and reproductive effects of both drugs are recommended. Lack of information is particularly serious for Bz. Studies on Nfx and Bz biotransformation, activation to reactive metabolites, and potential mechanisms for their toxic effects were analyzed. Risk-benefit considerations of the use of Nfx and Bz were made and an analysis of the need for research on Chagas' disease chemotherapy was also performed. PMID- 3151757 TI - Prevention of Chagas' disease resulting from blood transfusion by treatment of blood: toxicity and mode of action of gentian violet. AB - Blood transfusion is the second most important mechanism of transmission of Chagas' disease. Gentian violet, a cationic dye, is currently used in blood banks in endemic areas in attempts to eliminate such transmission. A photodynamic action of gentian violet has been demonstrated in Trypanosoma cruzi. Visible light causes photoreduction of gentian violet to a carbon-centered radical. Under aerobic conditions this free radical autooxidizes generating superoxide anion whose dismutation yields hydrogen peroxide. This photodynamic action of gentian violet is thus probably mediated by the oxygen reduction products. Since irradiation with visible light in the presence of sodium ascorbate reduces the effective dose and time of contact of the dye with T. cruzi-infected blood, a possible application of these findings can be envisaged. In addition to this photodynamic action, an uncoupling effect of gentian violet on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation has been described in rat liver and T. cruzi mitochondria. Gentian violet released respiratory control, hindered ATP synthesis, enhanced ATPase activity, released the inhibition of State 3 respiration by oligomycin, and produced swelling of isolated rat liver mitochondria or T. cruzi mitochondria in situ. Taken together, these results indicate that the T. cruzi mitochondrion is the main target of gentian violet toxicity in the dark. PMID- 3151758 TI - Respiratory tract infections due to Branhamella catarrhalis and Neisseria species. PMID- 3151759 TI - Current antimicrobial management of tuberculosis. PMID- 3151761 TI - Infections in cardiac pacemakers. PMID- 3151760 TI - Choices of new penicillins and cephalosporins in the DRG era. AB - Several new penicillins and cephalosporins have provided important advances in the therapy of infections caused by gram-negative aerobic bacilli. Older agents, alone or in combination, possess equivalent or greater activity against gram positive and anaerobic organisms and most community-acquired gram-negative enteric pathogens. Thus, newer agents are useful primarily for the treatment of highly resistant hospital-acquired gram-negative infections. Financial pressures created by the DRG era may favor their broader application, thus creating further resistance by selection or induction. However, prudent use of these agents for selected serious infections or for individuals threatened by aminoglycoside toxicity will yield the most durable cost-effective results. PMID- 3151762 TI - Immunoglobulin structure and function. PMID- 3151763 TI - Interferon gamma: a master key in the immune system. PMID- 3151764 TI - Gamma interferon modulates epidermal cell proliferation and mixed epidermal cell lymphocyte reaction. AB - Gamma interferon (gamma-IFN), a lymphokine produced by activated T lymphocytes, has a variety of effects on target cell. It induces class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex not only in immunocompetent cells but also in non-immunocompetent cells. gamma-IFN also can exert, in addition to anti-viral activity, a series of anticellular effects on a variety of cell types. The effects of gamma-IFN on the proliferation of cultured epidermal cell (EC) and induction of HLA-DR antigen expression by EC (HLA-DR+KC) were studied. Furthermore, the immunologic role of HLA-DR+KC in the mixed epidermal cell lymphocyte reaction (MECLR) was studied. The antiproliferative effect of gamma IFN on the cultured EC was seen 3 days after treatment of gamma-IFN and the effect was dose-dependent. Number of HLA-DR+KC was increased dose-dependently with treatment of gamma-IFN. In MECLR, HLA-DR+KC had been found to exert stimulatory role on allogenic lymphocytes. However, there was no significant role of HLA-DR+KC on autologous lymphocytes. PMID- 3151765 TI - Coagulopathy in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. AB - Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Korea (Korean hemorrhagic fever) is an acute viral disease characterized by fever, hemorrhage and renal failure. In Korean patients, the disease manifests more distinctive bleeding tendencies than those of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome found in western countries. To investigate the nature and role of the coagulation, fibrinolysis, kinin and immune system in the pathogenesis of such a hemorrhagic manifestation, alterations of these systems were assessed from the early phase of the disease. Decreased platelet count and shortened platelet survival were observed with giant platelets in the peripheral blood. The marked prolongations of bleeding time, prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were noticed with the decreased plasma activities of coagulation factors II, V, VIII, IX and X. Shortened half life of fibrinogen, increased fibrinogen-fibrin degradation product, with decreased plasma levels and activities of plasminogen, alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor and antithrombin III were found. On thrombelastogram, the existence of procoagulant activity was confirmed, and prolonged reaction time and clot formation time with decreased maximum amplitude were observed. The appearance of circulating immune complexes was found along with decreased C3 and normal C4 in the serum. Significant decrease of serum C3 was evident in the patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation. These findings of coagulopathy were normalized within ten days of the illness in most cases. Therefore, it can be concluded that disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombocytopenia in the early phase, and azotemia developing later might play an important role in the pathogenesis of bleeding tendency in Korean hemorrhagic fever. PMID- 3151766 TI - Purification of two exoglucanases secreted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and partial characterization of their protein moieties. AB - Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in a synthetic buffered culture medium resulted in the secretion of high levels of two soluble exoglucanases which were purified by a procedure involving one (exglucanase II) and two (exoglucanase I) steps, respectively. Once treated with endoglucosaminidase H (Endo H) both enzymes behaved indistinguishably when analyzed by SDS-PAGE, high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ionic exchange chromatography. Exoglucanase I, the isoenzyme with higher carbohydrate content, exhibited a higher Km against laminarin and a higher thermal stability than exoglucanase II. However, once the enzymes were deglycosylated in vitro these parameters turned out to be identical. These results suggest that both exoglucanases share a very similar, if not identical protein portion and accordingly may be product of either the same gene or a family of related genes. PMID- 3151767 TI - Heat stability of the extracellular lipase from a Pseudomonas strain isolated from refrigerated raw milk. AB - A study on the thermal stability of the extracellular lipase of a Pseudomonas strain has been made. The D-values at 140 degrees C ranged from 0.54 to 0.85 min, depending on the heating medium. The average Z-value and activation energy were 36.2 degrees C and 8.18 x 10(4) J. mol-1, respectively. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 8.5 and 37 degrees C. PMID- 3151768 TI - [Endocrine aspects of Basedow's disease]. PMID- 3151769 TI - Orbital irradiation in the treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy. PMID- 3151771 TI - [The treatment of cleft palate]. PMID- 3151770 TI - [Cleft lip and its repair]. PMID- 3151774 TI - [Repair of cleft palate and uplift operation]. PMID- 3151773 TI - [The treatment of congenital deformities of the hand and foot]. PMID- 3151772 TI - [Speech therapy for patients with cleft palate]. PMID- 3151775 TI - [Functional repair of unilateral cleft lip. A muscular flap technique]. PMID- 3151776 TI - [Repair of a nasal defect using an advanced adjacent flap with subcutaneous pedicle]. PMID- 3151777 TI - [Intrinsic muscle contracture of the first intercarpal space of the hand]. PMID- 3151778 TI - [The application of a sternocleidomastoid musculocutaneous flap for the repair of a perforating defect in the buccal region (a report of 3 cases)]. PMID- 3151779 TI - [Characteristics of burn shock in children and its fluid therapy]. PMID- 3151780 TI - [Reduction mammoplasty utilizing an inferior pedicle flap with no perpendicular scar]. PMID- 3151781 TI - [Preparation, experimental study and clinical application of glutaraldehyde skin]. PMID- 3151782 TI - [Reconstruction of a thumb web with an axial flap]. PMID- 3151783 TI - [Multiple cavernous hemangioma accompanied by epidermoid cyst of the left hand and benign mesenchymoma of the right foot--report of a case]. PMID- 3151784 TI - [Repair of the orbicularis oris muscle during the operation for unilateral cleft lip]. PMID- 3151785 TI - [Thumb reconstruction using the index ray remnant in a postburn, crippled hand]. PMID- 3151786 TI - [Determination of the content of "middle sized molecules" in the plasma of burned patients and its clinical significance]. PMID- 3151787 TI - [Early management and rehabilitation of deeply burned hands--preliminary report]. PMID- 3151788 TI - [Clinical applications of a scapular flap]. PMID- 3151789 TI - [Major burns complicated with urinary lithiasis]. PMID- 3151790 TI - [Clinical application of the skin allograft cultured on the wound, a preliminary report]. PMID- 3151792 TI - [The pathogenic factors of acute inhalation injury]. PMID- 3151793 TI - [Improvement on the immersion bath method for burned patients]. PMID- 3151791 TI - [Histopathological study of the tracheo-bronchial tissue and lung parenchyma of dogs with severe steam burns of the respiratory tract within 14 days after the injuries]. PMID- 3151794 TI - [The design and production of a new type of bath tubs with whirlpool for burned patients]. PMID- 3151795 TI - [The use of a triangular hypogastric mons pubis flap repair of congenital epispadia--report of a case]. PMID- 3151797 TI - [Piercing the earlobe with a seton]. PMID- 3151796 TI - [Continuous irrigation beneath the skin flap--a new method for local medication]. PMID- 3151798 TI - [The use of a dorsal pedal island flap for the repair of ankle and foot defects]. PMID- 3151800 TI - [The application of local triangular subcutaneous pedunculated skin flaps to repair soft tissue defects of the maxillo-facio-cervical region (report of 62 cases)]. PMID- 3151799 TI - [Experiences in the treatment of 53 cases of major burns with acute renal failure]. PMID- 3151801 TI - [A comparative study of free amino-acids in serum and blister fluid in burned patients]. PMID- 3151802 TI - [Preliminary experiences of reduction mammaplasty by the bipedicle horizontal flap]. PMID- 3151803 TI - [The use of a thermoplastic splint in the prevention and correction of post-burn deformities]. PMID- 3151805 TI - [The significance of the treatment of secondary cleft lip in congenita deformity]. PMID- 3151807 TI - [Treatment of axillary burn scar contracture with a parascapular flap and lateral thoracic island flap]. PMID- 3151806 TI - [Convulsion in burned children and its treatment]. PMID- 3151804 TI - [A 5-flap procedure for the treatment of an axillary webbed scar]. PMID- 3151808 TI - [The morphology of vascular balls in the dermal layer of the sole of foot under scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 3151809 TI - [The influence of wound infection on the peritoneal macrophage function of rats- a study using the activity of receptor of membrane as a parameter]. PMID- 3151810 TI - [Experimental study of smoke inhalation injury: early effect on erythrocytic 2, 3 diphosphoglyceric acid concentration in dogs]. PMID- 3151811 TI - [Collection of contour records in plastic surgery is mandatory]. PMID- 3151812 TI - [The coverage for burn wound]. PMID- 3151813 TI - [The medical treatment of flaps about to undergo necrosis]. PMID- 3151814 TI - [Early escharectomy of third degree burns in perineal region--report of two cases]. PMID- 3151815 TI - [A case report of severe inhalation injury--the relation between the respiratory function and the pathological alterations]. PMID- 3151816 TI - [Treatment and prophylaxis of electrical burns complicated with bleeding]. PMID- 3151817 TI - [The characteristics and experiences in the treatment of the hugh scrotal and penile elephantiasis]. PMID- 3151818 TI - [Plastic surgery of concealed penis]. PMID- 3151819 TI - [The use of a plantar island flap for the repair of third degree frostbite of the calcaneal region--report of one case]. PMID- 3151820 TI - [The treatment of neck web in Turner's syndrome--report of one case]. PMID- 3151822 TI - [The successful treatment of one case of severe osteomyelitis of the hand by skin flap]. PMID- 3151821 TI - [The treatment of one case of extensive gasoline contact burn]. PMID- 3151824 TI - [One-stage repair of large nasal defects by bilateral nasolabial flaps--a case report]. PMID- 3151823 TI - [Surgical management of radiation ulcer]. PMID- 3151825 TI - [The use of antibiotics in burned patients]. PMID- 3151826 TI - [Burn complicated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation of the gallbladder--report of one case]. PMID- 3151827 TI - [Reversed forearm flap based on the subcutaneous fascial pedicle (report of eight cases)]. PMID- 3151828 TI - [The experience in double eyelid operation]. PMID- 3151829 TI - [A brief discussion on the techniques of double eyelid operation]. PMID- 3151830 TI - [The clinical application and viability assay of deep frozen stillborn skin]. PMID- 3151831 TI - [The treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia using a soleus musculocutaneous flap]. PMID- 3151832 TI - [Vaginal reconstruction with an abdominal axial subcutaneous pedicle flap--a new method for vaginal reconstruction]. PMID- 3151833 TI - [Clinical analysis of 64 cases of burns in aged patients]. PMID- 3151834 TI - [The evaluation on late reconstruction of electrical burn of the forearm]. PMID- 3151836 TI - [Clinical analysis of 24 cases of transplantation of flaps and myocutaneous flaps]. PMID- 3151835 TI - [The role of microvascular surgery on the late reconstruction of severe firearm hand injury--report of 17 cases]. PMID- 3151837 TI - [The repair of large defects of the facio-mandibulo-cervical region by bilateral pectoral-deltoid flaps--report of 10 cases]. PMID- 3151840 TI - [Intersecting external and internal crucial incisions in the repair of stricture and occlusion of the end of a tubular organ]. PMID- 3151839 TI - [Development of septicemia in severely burned patients due to improper use of bathing treatment]. PMID- 3151838 TI - [The clinical use of a new type of a bathtub with whirlpool for burn patients]. PMID- 3151841 TI - [Correction of hemifacial atrophy with transplantation of a dermis-fat flap by microvascular anastomoses. Report of 5 cases]. PMID- 3151842 TI - [Repair of a skin defect of the heel with abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis myocutaneous flap]. PMID- 3151843 TI - [Lymphatic-venous sleeve anastomosis and its clinical application]. PMID- 3151844 TI - [The use of a neurovascular island flap at the radial side of the index finger to repair a wound of the thumb tip]. PMID- 3151845 TI - [Repair of a partial defect of the eyelid by composite auricular free graft. Report of 3 cases]. PMID- 3151846 TI - [The use of a post-auricular island flap to repair the external auditory canal]. PMID- 3151847 TI - [Chlorhexidine (hibitane)-alcohol refrigerated porcine skin--a simple and long term stored xenograft]. PMID- 3151848 TI - [C-reactive protein in burned patients with sepsis]. PMID- 3151849 TI - [Observation on a vascular casting mould of the fingertip skin and subcutaneous tissue by scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 3151850 TI - [Study of the role of fluocinolone acetonide (FA) in prolonging the survival of xenografts by using 3H-FA]. PMID- 3151851 TI - [The experimental study in pathological changes in kidney and its mechanism during phosphorus burn]. PMID- 3151853 TI - [Repair of extensive soft tissue defects of the limbs by rectus abdominis myocutaneous free flaps]. PMID- 3151852 TI - [Effect of 30% body surface burns on the gluconeogenic capacity of rat kidneys]. PMID- 3151854 TI - [The repair of severely perforated facial burns--report of 4 cases]. PMID- 3151855 TI - [The effect of pyridonic acid derivatives as topical antibiotics on the prevention and treatment of pyocyaneous infection following burn]. PMID- 3151856 TI - [Correction of lagophthalmos in leprosy by transfer of a temporalis muscle bundle and fascial sling--report of 26 cases]. PMID- 3151858 TI - [Thermal injury during pregnancy]. PMID- 3151857 TI - [The treatment of postburn axillary contracture]. PMID- 3151860 TI - [The application of a free deltoid myocutaneous flap for the repair of a facio cervical skin defect--report of 5 cases]. PMID- 3151859 TI - [Repair of skin defect and sensation of the finger tips]. PMID- 3151861 TI - [Chlorhexidine-alcohol refrigerated porcine skin--a simple and long-term stored xenograft. 2. Preliminary experience with its use as a biological dressing for burn wounds]. PMID- 3151863 TI - [Venous nutrition supporting treatment for severely burned patients (experiences of 31 cases)]. PMID- 3151862 TI - [Reconstruction in non-replantable traumatic amputation of the thumb using a tile like flap]. PMID- 3151865 TI - [Application of flap transplantation for the reconstruction of hand injuries (analysis of 81 flaps in 77 cases)]. PMID- 3151864 TI - [The use of soleus muscle flap for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of middle and lower thirds of the tibia]. PMID- 3151866 TI - [The treatment of extensive electrical burns of the skull by local flaps]. PMID- 3151867 TI - [The experimental study of auto-, homo-, and heterogenous tissues used as supports of filling materials]. PMID- 3151868 TI - [The characteristics and treatment of electric flash burns of the face]. PMID- 3151869 TI - [The wound of scalp avulsion (report on 20 cases)]. PMID- 3151870 TI - [Application of a retrograde radial artery island flap to the hand for the repair of deep burn]. PMID- 3151871 TI - [Repair of one-sided sunken face deformity with a temporal fascia and temporal muscle island flap (report of 5 cases)]. PMID- 3151872 TI - [A preliminary study of separation and assay of immunologic activity of a plasma inhibitory factor in burned pigs]. PMID- 3151873 TI - [Experimental study of injury of the tunica elastica interna after heat burn]. PMID- 3151874 TI - [Microcirculation following burns: 1. The changes in microcirculation of the burned skin]. PMID- 3151876 TI - [Cannula-related septicemia in severely burned patients]. PMID- 3151875 TI - [Reconstruction of orbicularis oris muscle in the cleft lip repair]. PMID- 3151877 TI - [Treatment of Peyronie's disease with dermal graft]. PMID- 3151879 TI - Post-temporal lobectomy seizures. AB - A retrospective analysis of 62 patients followed up after temporal lobectomy was carried out, with particular regard to examining the features of post-operative seizures. All patients had been routinely assessed for operative suitability in the Comprehensive Epilepsy Programme at the Austin Hospital and had been followed at intervals with post-operative EEG, CT, clinical and neuropsychological examination. It was found that 37 patients experienced no further seizures; 3 patients showed 'neighbourhood seizures' in the immediate post-operative fort night; 10 patients exhibited the 'running down phenomenon' of Rasmussen, in which seizures had vanished by 6 months' follow-up; 6 patients showed complex partial seizures persisting at a greatly reduced rate (under 75%); 6 patients, for a number of reasons, showed no benefit from surgery. Half of all patients showed persisting auras to varying degrees, with gradual lessening in frequency and virtual disappearance. Criteria for post-operative CT and EEG abnormality were developed. It was found that these factors were seen in approximately 20% of the successful group, but in all patients showing persisting or 'running down' or 'neighbourhood' seizures. All 3 patients not benefiting from surgery, whose failure defied any other explanation, also showed very significant CT and EEG abnormalities; it is not clear which factor caused the fits to persist. It would seem that operative trauma and its sequelae play a considerable role in post lobectomy seizures. PMID- 3151878 TI - Selection criteria for surgery in patients with refractory epilepsy. AB - Between February 1983 and August 1986, 53 patients underwent inpatient evaluation at the Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince Henry Hospital to determine their suitability for epilepsy surgery. The patients were first continuously monitored with a video camera during surface and sphenoidal electrode telemetry. During this phase, clinical, radiological, neuropsychological and psychosocial evaluations were performed and intracarotid sodium amylobarbitone injections were used to lateralise language and memory function. Following this evaluation, 30 patients were considered not suitable for further investigation. Six patients were able to have definitive surgery without further evaluation while 17 required depth electrode studies. These patients had flexible wires inserted into their frontal and temporal lobes under stereotactic guidance and video recording and depth electrode telemetry was continued until typical seizures were characterised. These studies led to a further 9 operations; one patient was suitable for operation but deferred surgery. When the original 53 patients were classified according to seizure type, the outcome was as follows. 1. Twelve patients had classical complex partial seizures (CPSs) only and 5 of these had temporal lobe surgery. 2. Five had CPSs with motor accompaniments and 3 of these had temporal lobe surgery. 3. Seven had CPSs and generalised seizures; one had temporal lobe and another frontal lobe surgery. 4. Four had partial simple seizures with secondary generalisation and 3 had cortical excisions (2 frontal, 1 occipital lobe) surgery. 5. Twenty-two patients had mixed seizure disorder; one had lesion excision and one had corpus callosum section in 2 stages. 6. Three patients were non-epileptic. PMID- 3151880 TI - Clinical relevance of therapeutic drug level estimation with respect to clonazepam and carbamazepine: preliminary report. AB - This paper compares the results of plasma drug level estimations for 30 patients receiving clonazepam and 39 patients taking carbamazepine (assessing total and free carbamazepine concentrations together with carbamazepine epoxide levels) with the clinical features of seizure control. Owing to the small numbers of seizure-free patients, the power of the study was insufficient to justify absolute conclusions being drawn. However there appeared to be a trend which suggested that drug level estimations in both situations had virtually no clinical relevance. This causes one to question the growing reliance on plasma drug level estimation in the treatment of epilepsy and, because of the low power of the study, demands extension of the work to confirm its significance. This type of research in epilepsy, based exclusively on a secondary and tertiary referral source, has inherent difficulty in that a conspicuously low number of well controlled patients is included. Acknowledgement of this fact should lead one to appraise critically other papers giving dogmatic statements regarding therapeutic ranges of anticonvulsant plasma levels. PMID- 3151882 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of malignant epithelioid schwannomas]. PMID- 3151883 TI - [Dentin bonding. Comparative study of 4 systems]. PMID- 3151881 TI - Changes in clearance of sodium valproate with changes in dose. AB - The relationship between total sodium valproate concentrations and drug clearance was studied in four patients, by the evaluation of clearance at two different doses. In each patient, the average unbound fraction for a dosing interval increased with increase in sodium valproate dose. Despite this increase in unbound fraction, there was no increase in total drug clearance, and in each patient there was a decrease in clearance of the unbound drug. These findings suggest either that the drug is restrictively cleared and there is a dose-related decline in intrinsic clearance, or, contrary to previous reports, that sodium valproate is cleared nonrestrictively. PMID- 3151884 TI - Evidence for direct inhibition of dentinoclasts by a corticosteroid/antibiotic endodontic paste. PMID- 3151885 TI - [Growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) stimulation test in the diagnosis of pituitary adenomas]. AB - The studies aimed at evaluation of pituitary reserve of growth hormone following stimulation with GRF have been carried out in a group of 33 patients (11 women and 22 men, of age between 25 and 62 years) with pituitary tumors. The studied material included cases with pituitary adenoma characterized by excessive secretion of growth hormone (somatotropinoma), prolactin (prolactinoma) or alpha subunits of glycoprotein hormones (alphoma), and those with hormonally inactive adenoma. The GRF stimulation tests were carried out in hospitalized patients after overnight fast between 8.00 and 10.00 a.m. Blood samples for hormonal determinations were taken before the test, and after 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes following intravenous administration of 100 micrograms of GRF 1-29. Besides growth hormone, also the blood serum concentrations of other pituitary hormones were determined in the patients studied, both in the basal state and during the dynamic tests. In patients with acromegaly the results of the determinations of growth hormone following stimulation with GRF showed considerable individual variability. In 5 cases there was an increase in blood serum growth hormone concentration. No response to GRF was noted in the remaining 8 cases. In adenoma cases of prolactinoma type, growth hormone concentration began to rise already at the 15-th minute of the test in most cases. In three cases of prolactinoma associated with acromegaly no response to GRF was observed. The cases of alphoma-type adenoma were usually characterized by the secretion of pituitary hormones other than growth hormone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3151886 TI - [The use of the carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of hemangioma of the oral cavity]. PMID- 3151887 TI - [Epidemiological study of hepatitis in different sectors of the population of Barquisimeto]. PMID- 3151889 TI - [Benefits of the nutritional support in esophageal pathologies]. PMID- 3151888 TI - [Effect of the diet on duodenal bacterial flora in malnourished infants with chronic diarrhea]. PMID- 3151890 TI - [Usefulness of ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis]. PMID- 3151891 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis]. PMID- 3151892 TI - [Lymphangioma of the ascending colon]. PMID- 3151893 TI - [Oriental cholangiohepatitis]. PMID- 3151894 TI - [The CO2 laser in pedodontics. Reaction of the dental pulp and dentin of carious deciduous teeth and healthy permanent teeth to treatment of the dentin with CO2 laser radiation]. PMID- 3151895 TI - Antibacterial properties of dental restorative materials: a review. PMID- 3151896 TI - Agar overlay method. PMID- 3151898 TI - Porcelain: technical ease esthetic superiority and longevity. PMID- 3151897 TI - Infective endocarditis and gingival inflammation. PMID- 3151900 TI - Dentoalveolar abscess complicated by diabetic ketoacidosis in a previously undiagnosed diabetic: report of case. PMID- 3151899 TI - Critical analysis of alternate retrograde filling techniques. PMID- 3151901 TI - Mandibular alveolar ridge augmentation using a soft tissue expander: report of case. PMID- 3151902 TI - Hospital management of a patient with von Willebrand's disease and a seizure disorder: case report. PMID- 3151903 TI - The dental assistant shortage. PMID- 3151904 TI - DNA bending induced by specific interaction of decamer binding proteins with immunoglobulin gene control sequences. AB - In order to investigate the properties of specific DNA-binding proteins involved in tissue-specific regulation of immunoglobulin genes, we have analyzed the interaction of nuclear proteins from mouse B-cell hybridomas with promoter and enhancer sequences of a mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. Visualization of specific complexes has shown that protein binding induces a sharp bend at the position of the conserved decamer sequence. After fractionation of nuclear extracts, several sequence-specific DNA binding proteins could be distinguished by UV crosslinking to radioactive synthetic oligonucleotides. Decamer binding factor I (DBF-I) a protein of 100-105 kDa and DBF-II, a family of proteins of 25 35 kDa were purified on specific DNA-affinity columns. Both proteins bend the DNA at the dc sequence as shown by electron microscopy and by gel retardation. These data suggest that one possible function of sequence-specific regulatory proteins may be to locally change the DNA topology, thereby facilitating the interaction of additional transcription factors with the primary complex. PMID- 3151905 TI - Epididymal white adipose tissue after cold stress in rats. II. Mitochondrial changes. AB - We have previously shown that after severe cold stress of rats the epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) acquires many of the morphological characteristics (innervation, vascularization, appearance of adipocytes) of brown adipose tissue (BAT). In the present study, the mitochondrial characteristics have been analyzed. Mitochondria from the epididymal fat pad of cold-stressed rats became enlarged and had a volume 1.7 times greater than that in the control group (0.5 microns 3 in the experimental versus 0.3 microns 3 in the control group). The mitochondria occupied about 60% of the cytoplasm (14% in the control group), thus approaching the highest value reported for any cell. The straight or slightly wavy cristae completely traversed the width of the mitochondria and occupied an area of 26 microns 2/1 microns 3 of mitochondrion in the experimental adipose tissue (7 microns 2 in the control group) and 15 microns 2/1 microns 3 of cytoplasm (1.4 microns 2 in the control). The mitochondrial matrix became electron lucid and could contain lamellar whorls, as could the surface of the mitochondria. These mitochondria of epididymal WAT resembled, both morphologically and morphometrically, mitochondria in the BAT of cold-exposed rodents. In the epididymal mitochondria, immunoelectron microscopy did not reveal the presence of the BAT-specific uncoupling protein thermogenin, nor could the slot-blot technique detect thermogenin mRNA. We conclude that even under these extreme conditions of cold stress, WAT cannot adopt the thermogenin-dependent thermogenesis of BAT. The dramatic mitochondriogenesis can be interpreted only as being indicative of an extremely high metabolism in the tissue, thus placing unprecedented pressure on the energy turnover capacity of the cell. PMID- 3151906 TI - [Method of access and treatment of pulpal-periodontal canals. Ultrasonochelating technic (preliminary study)]. PMID- 3151907 TI - The submergible blade implant, thirteen-year update. PMID- 3151908 TI - Genetics of the HLA system. PMID- 3151909 TI - Genetics of the Rh blood group system: some current concepts. PMID- 3151910 TI - Nickel nitrate and K-ferrocyanide in fixative for electron microscopy as tracer of extracellular space. PMID- 3151911 TI - [The selection of industrial methods of isolating beta-galactosidase preparations from Escherichia coli]. PMID- 3151912 TI - [Isolation and purification of beta-galactosidase from Escherichia coli]. PMID- 3151914 TI - [The identification of bacteria of the genus Rhodococcus by immunodiffusion]. PMID- 3151913 TI - [Effect of Bacillus megaterium H on the immune response to heterologous antigen in mice]. PMID- 3151915 TI - [Biotyping of staphylococci isolated from monkeys]. PMID- 3151916 TI - [Restoration of the agglutinable properties of serologically untypable strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 3151917 TI - AIDS and intravenous drug abuse. PMID- 3151918 TI - Problems of drug dependence, 1988. Proceedings of the 50th annual scientific meeting, the Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. North Falmouth, Massachusetts, June 1988. PMID- 3151919 TI - Structural studies leading to the discovery of a cannabinoid binding site. PMID- 3151920 TI - New 14-aminomorphinones and codeinones. PMID- 3151921 TI - Introduction of Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award. PMID- 3151922 TI - Patient-treatment matching in the management of alcoholism. PMID- 3151923 TI - Psychotherapy for substance abuse. PMID- 3151924 TI - Management of maternal and neonatal substance abuse problems. PMID- 3151925 TI - Update on behavioral treatments for substance abuse. AB - In the past five years there has been an encouraging increase in the amount and quality of research on behavioral treatments for substance abuse. Some of the most promising approaches combine behavioral treatments with each other (e.g., relapse prevention and cue exposure) or with other forms of treatment (e.g., psychotherapy), attempting to maximize impact on the multiple determinants of drug use. We are fast approaching the time when a patient may be systematically evaluated to develop a profile of vulnerabilities (cue responsivity, psychiatric symptoms, etc.) to rationally determine the treatment or combination of treatments of greatest potential benefit. PMID- 3151926 TI - Designing substance abuse preventive interventions within a developmental framework. PMID- 3151927 TI - Defining "success" in drug abuse prevention. AB - The ultimate measure of success in drug abuse prevention obviously and unequivocally must be to reduce the incidence of drug abuse among our nation's youth. However, the problem of drug abuse in our society is complex, and does not lend itself to facile solutions or "quick fixes." Because of the distance between where we are now and where we have yet to go, success should be viewed as a process involving a series of mostly minor victories. Benchmarks, such as the ones suggested in this paper, can provide a means of charting and assessing our progress. When viewed from this perspective, it becomes clear that we have made considerable progress over the past decade--progress that has been painfully slow but steady. Yet, much remains to be done. In view of the importance and magnitude of the task involved in reducing drug abuse incidence in our society and the failures of past prevention efforts, it is important that we recognize the accomplishments of the field--that we stand up and cheer in celebration of each victory, however small, as we move forward in the development of effective prevention approaches. PMID- 3151928 TI - Actions of cocaine on central monoamine neurons: intracellular recordings in vitro. AB - Intracellular recordings from monoaminergic neurons in brain slice preparations have been used to study the action of cocaine. The firing rate of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus, serotonergic neurons of dorsal raphe and dopaminergic neurons from substantia nigra zona compacta is reduced or inhibited by the transmitter substance that they produce. This process, which can be brought about by release of the transmitter from either dendrites or axon collaterals in the vicinity of the cell bodies, has been referred to as 'autoinhibition'. In each case, the inhibition results from a membrane hyperpolarization caused by an increased conductance to potassium ions. In each of the nuclei, cocaine caused a decrease in spontaneous firing through a membrane hyperpolarization. This action of cocaine was blocked by the respective 'autoreceptor' antagonist. In the locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe cocaine prolonged an inhibitory postsynaptic potential caused by the release of noradrenaline and 5-HT respectively. The concentration-response curve for the exogenously applied agonist in each of the three nuclei was shifted to the left in the presence of cocaine. These observations indicate that the activity of these aminergic neurons was affected by cocaine through an inhibition of the reuptake of endogenously release transmitter. The blockade of reuptake increased the extracellular level of noradrenaline, 5-HT and dopamine in the respective nuclei to concentrations which caused electrophysiologically detectable effects. This suggests that the reuptake process is a primary mechanism for termination of the response. In addition, this action of cocaine occurs at behaviorally relevant concentrations. The fact that all monoaminergic transmission can be affected by cocaine may contribute to the complexity of its behavioral actions. PMID- 3151929 TI - Effects of morphine treatment on endogenous opioid biosynthesis. PMID- 3151931 TI - Public health management of AIDS and drugs in Amsterdam. PMID- 3151930 TI - Molecular mechanisms of drug reinforcement--current status. PMID- 3151932 TI - Preventing the spread of HIV in injecting drug users--the experience of syringe exchange schemes in England and Scotland. AB - In 1987 the UK government launched experimental schemes for distributing injecting equipment to injecting drug users in order to help prevent the spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This paper reports on the first few months of the schemes, and provides some initial evidence of changes in clients' risk behaviours. The schemes have been reasonably successful in attracting clients, but are less successful in retaining them. Schemes have demonstrated that equipment can be distributed to clients on an exchange basis. Schemes have reached new groups of clients, including many without previous or current treatment contact or other help for their drug problems. The baseline assessment of clients found that most had accurate knowledge of the risk of infection from sharing injecting equipment. Most thought that they were at low risk of infection. Syringe sharing in the last four weeks was reported by 36%. A minority engaged in multiple sharing. Most clients were sexually active and many had partners who did not inject drugs. The main reason for attendance was worry about AIDS, and a majority of clients reported that they had already made changes in their injecting practices because of AIDS. Some reported changes in sexual behaviour. A sample of clients followed-up at 2-4 months indicates a reduction in syringe sharing. PMID- 3151933 TI - Current epidemiology of AIDS among i.v. drug users in New York City. PMID- 3151935 TI - Basic immunology issues in drug abuse. PMID- 3151934 TI - The role of intravenous drug use in cases of AIDS in adolescents and young adults. PMID- 3151936 TI - Immunological approaches to clinical issues in drug abuse. PMID- 3151937 TI - Drug abuse and immune-neuroendocrine connections. PMID- 3151938 TI - Immunologic effects of drugs of abuse. PMID- 3151939 TI - Lupus anticoagulant associated with renal thrombotic microangiopathy and pregnancy-related renal failure. AB - The clinical features in 12 women with a circulating coagulation inhibitor (lupus 'anticoagulant') were studied and correlated with findings in 22 renal biopsies in these patients. Four of 12 women had serological evidence of systemic lupus. Only two of 23 pregnancies in these women were successful. Lesions in all biopsies were remarkably similar. Seven biopsies taken during or soon after pregnancy showed acute fibrinoid lesions. 'Acute' lesions consisted of fibrin thrombi in glomeruli arterioles and arteries and double contours in glomerular capillary walls. Biopsies carried out remote from pregnancy in these seven patients showed persisting double contours in glomeruli together with narrowing of arteries due to recanalizing thrombi and cellular intimal proliferation. All other biopsies showed similar lesions. The lesions were essentially the same as those of thrombotic microangiopathy and those described previously in post-partum renal failure. Renal function was severely impaired in four patients and showed moderate impairment in two patients at the time that acute thrombotic lesions were demonstrated in glomeruli. Renal function in two patients improved during plasma exchange therapy. Because all biopsies showed either acute, healing or healed, thrombotic lesions, it is proposed that these lesions are characteristic of the renal findings in patients with a lupus 'anticoagulant'. In all but two cases the acute lesions were seen during or soon after pregnancy. PMID- 3151941 TI - Effect of cisternal administration of acetazolamide on rapid excitation of central chemoreceptors. AB - We evaluated rapid and transient changes in phrenic (PN) and internal intercostal (IIC) activities when 0.5 ml of saline saturated with 100% CO2 was injected into the vertebral artery at the C1 level before and after cisternal administration of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetazolamide) in decerebrated, spontaneously breathing cats. Before acetazolamide administration, the injections evoked an initial, transient inhibition of ongoing PN or IIC activity, followed by excitation of subsequent respiratory activities with a short onset latency of less than 3 sec. On the other hand, cisternal administration of acetazolamide abolished both the initial inhibition and the subsequent rapid excitation of respiratory activities, although there still existed a delayed, weak and prolonged excitation of respiration. These results indicated that hydration of CO2 accelerated by carbonic anhydrase within the brain would be essential for the rapid changes in respiratory activity mediated by the central chemoreceptors. PMID- 3151940 TI - [Reticulin antibodies: a critical review and correlation with EVI factor and heterophile antibodies]. PMID- 3151942 TI - [Ideas of serotherapy and vaccinal therapy]. PMID- 3151943 TI - [The place and role of paramedical personnel in the preventive structure and activities, the early detection and rehabilitative therapy of handicapped children]. PMID- 3151944 TI - [Anteroposterior tomography in the study of laryngeal tumors]. PMID- 3151945 TI - [The formation and development of hygienic habits in nurseries and kindergartens- an important link in the educational process]. PMID- 3151946 TI - [Health education methods and actions undertaken in collaboration with diverse educational factors for improving demographic indicators]. PMID- 3151948 TI - [Concrete aspects of dental prophylaxis]. PMID- 3151947 TI - [A questionnaire study of blood donors in a collective]. PMID- 3151949 TI - [The role and place of physical therapy methods in the rehabilitation of chronic patients with lesions of the locomotor apparatus]. PMID- 3151950 TI - [The role of paramedical personnel in caring for the elderly at home and in the outpatient clinic]. PMID- 3151952 TI - [The health and hygiene aspects of supplying potable water in a rural environment]. PMID- 3151951 TI - [The intravenous injection in the patient "without veins"]. PMID- 3151953 TI - [The role of paramedical personnel in the health education of the elderly]. PMID- 3151954 TI - [Educational methods applied to improving health-promoting behavior in children's collectives]. PMID- 3151956 TI - [Treatment in viral hepatitis]. PMID- 3151955 TI - [The role of paramedical personnel in preventing pathology at an advanced age]. PMID- 3151957 TI - [The rendering of first aid and the attitude of the ambulance health team in the most frequent surgical emergencies]. PMID- 3151958 TI - [Knowledge and attitudes to health. The results of a study among young workers]. PMID- 3151959 TI - [Vasile Voiculescu, a classical model in Romania health education]. PMID- 3151960 TI - Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in 156 children: indications, technique and complications. PMID- 3151961 TI - Unusual causes of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in children--comparative values of early endoscopy and radiology. PMID- 3151962 TI - An elementary approach to cell cycle analysis. AB - An elementary semistochastic model for cell cycle analysis is presented. Various independently generated experimental data sets are compared with the theory in which for the first time, a consistent consideration of non-proliferating cells has also been taken into account. PMID- 3151963 TI - Model structure of a fragment of biological knowledge (cell motility). AB - The aim of the study is to contribute to a better understanding of some aspects of the structure of biological knowledge and to make clearer to what extent the methods of reasoning may be useful in this field when only qualitative information is available. A fragment of biological knowledge (theory of cell motility) is analysed from the logicomethodological point of view as a coherent system and the possibility of its formal representation is investigated. The analysis is based on distinguishing the main objects and their features (attributes) of which a given piece of knowledge is composed and on the values which these features may display. The features are interconnected by relations (in which various number of arguments appear) and these relations constitute the main (general, higher level) laws of a given fragment of knowledge (theory). Values of attributes are also mutually connected and these relations correspond to the detailed (lower level) laws. A computer system (in which Prolog language was used) enables to perform inference operations of progressive as well as regressive type. The main categories of reasoning procedures are described and illustrated by examples, namely a) search for conclusions which may be confronted with the actual knowledge in order to verify the system as a whole, b) formation of working hypotheses in the process of their empirical verification and explanation of facts and laws. The problem of development and modification of the system is also discussed. PMID- 3151965 TI - Evolutionary and classical concepts of homology: a reply to Aboitiz. PMID- 3151964 TI - Evolutionary implication of genetic code deviations. AB - We formulate the following hypothesis: Life's origin may have occurred during the lower Archaean at a time when the environmental temperature was higher than it is at present. Preliminary consequences of this hypothesis are studied from the point of view of molecular evolution. We restrict our attention to implications regarding the genetic code. We conclude that alternative assignment of termination codons may be understood in terms of: (a) the elevated temperatures to which the progenote may initially have been exposed; and (b) the subsequent response of its genome to the opportunity provided by the eventual loss of hyperthermal genetic expression during a thermal transition (TT) period, which was triggered off by the evolution of the dynamic Earth. PMID- 3151966 TI - [Nomenclature and medical decision trees, a solution in the discussion about economics and quality in health care?]. PMID- 3151968 TI - [Ultrastructural study of oral lichen planus. Analysis of 10 cases]. PMID- 3151967 TI - [Etiology of lichen planus. A review]. PMID- 3151969 TI - [Morphofunctional characteristics of posterior dental restorations. Periodontal significance]. PMID- 3151970 TI - [Microscopic innervation of the labial mucosa]. PMID- 3151971 TI - [Minor salivary glands; toward a histofunctional design of salivary secretion]. PMID- 3151972 TI - [Elimination of a thumbsucking habit using a behavior modification technic]. PMID- 3151973 TI - [Music: its effect on the pedodontic patient]. PMID- 3151974 TI - [Bacampacillin in oral medicine]. PMID- 3151975 TI - [Caries indices in Barbastro schoolchildren]. PMID- 3151976 TI - [Saliva tests and evaluation of microbiological risk of caries. Review of the literature]. PMID- 3151977 TI - [Occlusion and occlusal therapy in periodontics]. PMID- 3151978 TI - [Fibromyxoma of the jaws. Report of a case]. PMID- 3151979 TI - [A technic for replacement of a solitary incisor on an osseointegrated implant. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 3151980 TI - [Multidisciplinary treatment of an advanced periodontal patient. Report of a clinical case]. PMID- 3151981 TI - Epidemiological characteristics of ketoacidosis among Korean diabetic patients. AB - An epidemiological study on diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was done by analysis of 207 cases collected from the medical records of 6 major general hospitals in Seoul area during the period of 5 years between 1979 and 1984. There was female predominance in the occurrence of DKA (male/female ratio, 0.71) in spite of the male predominance in general prevalence of diabetes mellitus (1.80). This female predominance in DKA was most striking in the age group under 40. There was a significant seasonal variation in the occurrence of DKA. DKA occurred most frequently in colder season with the highest peak in December. In July and August, the hottest season in Korea, not even a single case of DKA was recorded in this series. No discernible precipitating factor was found in 39.3% of DKA cases and infections was present as a cause of DKA in 30% of cases. In 27.5%, DKA was the first clinical presentation of diabetes and in the remainders of cases, diabetes was known to be present for average of 6.4 years. Mortality of DKA was 13.2% in this series. As to the socioeconomic status, the education level, the style of living and the duration of diabetes, there were not ascertainable differences between the DKA cases and other diabetic cases. The prospective epidemiological study of diabetic population in Korea, especially in female group, would be necessary for elucidation of the characteristics of DKA in Koreans such as the female predominance and the seasonal difference of the occurrence. PMID- 3151982 TI - Plasma exchange and immunosuppressive therapy in a paediatric patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A case is reported of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. Serial plasma exchanges (PE) combined with prednisolone treatment induced complete normalization of the immunological findings: the anti-DNA antibody, antinuclear antibody, LE cell phenomenon and circulatory immune complexes became negative. The prostacyclin (PGI2) production supporting activity in the plasma increased to the control range; inhibitors of PGI2 production were eliminated. The creatinine clearance normalized, the urinary protein excretion decreased significantly, and the facial erythema disappeared. Continued treatment with chlorambucil + low-dose prednisolone led to a complete and stable remission of the nephrotic syndrome, and the C3 complement normalized. The low level of PGI2 production-supporting activity in the plasma may be explained by the inhibitor of PGI2 production. PE + immunosuppressive therapy might have beneficial effects on the immunological changes and PGI2 metabolism, and also on the remission of SLE-nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3151983 TI - Manifestation of angiokeratoma diffusum in a girl patient with heterozygous genotype for Fabry disease. AB - The case of a 16 years old girl patient having angiokeratoma corporis diffusum with Fabry heterozygosity is published together with the clinical and genetical screening investigations of the family members. The problem of the detection of the heterozygotes is discussed. PMID- 3151984 TI - Lithium treatment of aggressive children and the EEG. AB - Electroencephalograms (EEG-s) of 44 children aged 6.3--15.4 years were examined at the baseline and 3 months later with two different doses of lithium. Lithium levels in serum in group I. ranged from 0.08 mmol/l to 0.33 mmol/l (mean: 0.23 mmol/l SD: 0.105), and in group II. ranged from 0.40 mmol/l to 0.84 mmol/l (mean: 0.555 mmol/l SD: 0.116). These children represent as Conduct Disorder. EEG-s were correlated across treatment groups with behavioural ratings, ratings of untoward effects, reaction time and different dosages of medication. In the group I. alpha recovery time after-eye closing and percentage time of alpha activity in 60 s decreased at unchanged mean alpha frequency. In the group II. both alpha recovery time and alpha activity increased at unchanged mean alpha frequency. Paroxysmal focal abnormalities (spikes, spike-waves etc.) or increase in percentage time of delta activity were not found. Behavioural changes were assessed by using the Pictures Frustration Test for Children of Rosenzweig and the Hamburg Personality Inventory for Children. The group II. were found to be significantly superior to group I. in decreasing aggressive symptoms. No serious differences were found for the reaction time and side effects as well. PMID- 3151985 TI - A cost-effective educational response to an organizational need. PMID- 3151986 TI - Arterial blood gas evaluation: metabolic acidemia. PMID- 3151987 TI - T cell repertoire selection in T cell receptor transgenic mice. AB - T cell receptor (TCR) gene segments begin to rearrange in CD4-8-thymic lymphoblasts. In severe combined immune deficiency (scid) mice the development of T cells is arrested at this early stage as the scid thymus does not contain any CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocytes. This block in T cell development can be overcome by introducing productively rearranged TCR genes into the scid strain which results in the formation of CD4+8+ lymphocytes. While this early differentiation step requires TCR's of any specificity, later developmental stages depend on the specificity of the TCR: in scid mice, a transgenic TCR restricted by Db class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens allows the formation of CD4-8+ but not CD4+8- lymphocytes in Db positive but not Db negative animals. Thus, a TCR-MHC interaction in the absence of nominal antigen is required for the generation of mature T cells, and this interaction determines the CD4/CD8 phenotype. If both nominal antigen and presenting MHC antigen are present developing T cells are deleted at an immature CD4+8+ stage preventing the formation of more mature and functional autoaggressive T cell progeny. These experiments indicate that the immune system first learns about self by positive and negative selection of self recognizing lymphocytes from a continuously turning over pool of lymphocytes without requirement for idiotypic network interactions. PMID- 3151988 TI - Identification of genes encoding T cell defined tum- antigens. AB - Tum- mutants are immunogenic mutants obtained by mutagen treatment of mouse tumor cells. They express new "tum- antigens" recognized by cytolytic T cells (CTL) but not by specific antibodies. We have recently developed a method aimed at cloning the genes coding for such transplantation antigens. It is based on gene transfection and detection of transfectants by their ability to stimulate CTL. Tum- gene P91A has been isolated. It codes for a 60 kDa protein which does not carry a signal sequence at its N-terminus. The tum- allele differs from its normal counterpart by a point mutation. The sequence of this gene and that of two other tum- genes are totally unrelated with each other and with any sequence presently recorded in data banks. We will try to apply the same cloning method to isolate mouse and human tumor-specific transplantation antigens (TSTA). PMID- 3151989 TI - Purification and partial characterization of multiple bromoperoxidases from Streptomyces griseus. AB - The presence of multiple bromoperoxidases in extracts of Streptomyces griseus Tu 6 was detected. The enzyme pattern varied with the age of the culture. A haem type bromoperoxidase (BPO 2) was always present. Additionally three nonhaem-type bromoperoxidases (BPO 1a, 1b and 3) were detected and purified to homogeneity. The Mr of non-denatured BPO 1a was 70,000 +/- 10,000 and those of BPO 1b and 3 were 90,000 +/- 5000. BPO 1a and 1b were dimers with subunit Mr values of 34,000 and 43,000, respectively. BPO 3 was a trimer with a subunit Mr of 31,000. The enzymes differed in their isoelectric points, heat stability, and Km values. In immunodiffusion experiments BPO 1a and 3 showed partial identity with the nonhaem type bromoperoxidase from Streptomyces aureofaciens. The nonhaem-type BPO 1a, 1b and 3 had neither peroxidase nor catalase activity. PMID- 3151990 TI - A simple chromatographic procedure for the detection of cyclized archaebacterial glycerol-bisdiphytanyl-glycerol tetraether core lipids. AB - Archaebacterial glycerol-bisdiphytanyl-glycerol tetraether core lipids containing from one to eight cyclopentane rings could be resolved from each other and from the parent uncyclized C40, C40 lipid by TLC. The core lipids of examples from the genera Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter, Methanogenium and Methanoplanus did not contain cyclized forms of glycerol-bisdiphytanyl-glycerol tetraethers, whereas the core lipids of Methanosarcina barkeri contained glycerol bisdiphytanyl-glycerol tetraethers with from one to three cyclopentane rings in each C40 isopranoid chain. PMID- 3151991 TI - Regulation of enzymes of lysine biosynthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum. AB - The regulation of the six enzymes responsible for the conversion of aspartate to lysine, together with homoserine dehydrogenase, was studied in Corynebacterium glutamicum. In addition to aspartate kinase activity, the synthesis of diaminopimelate decarboxylase was also found to be regulated. The specific activity of this enzyme was reduced to one-third in extracts of cells grown in the presence of lysine. Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, dihydrodipicolinate synthase, dihydrodipicolinate reductase, and diaminopimelate dehydrogenase were neither influenced in their specific activity, nor inhibited, by any of the aspartate family of amino acids. Homoserine dehydrogenase was repressed by methionine (to 15% of its original activity) and inhibited by threonine (4% remaining activity). Inclusion of leucine in the growth medium resulted in a twofold increase of homoserine dehydrogenase specific activity. The flow of aspartate semialdehyde to either lysine or homoserine was influenced by the activity of homoserine dehydrogenase or dihydrodipicolinate synthase. Thus, the twofold increase in homoserine dehydrogenase activity resulted in a decrease in lysine formation accompanied by the formation of isoleucine. In contrast, repression of homoserine dehydrogenase resulted in increased lysine formation. A similar increase of the flow of aspartate semialdehyde to lysine was found in strains with increased dihydrodipicolinate synthase activity, constructed by introducing the dapA gene of Escherichia coli (coding for the synthase) into C. glutamicum. PMID- 3151992 TI - Molecular cloning of multiple xylanase genes from Pseudomonas fluorescens subsp. cellulosa. AB - Pseudomonas fluorescens subsp. cellulosa was shown to express extracellular xylanases. Genes encoding these enzymes were isolated from a gene library of P. fluorescens subsp. cellulosa DNA, constructed in bacteriophage lambda 47.1. One of the phages (PXC) that expressed xylanase also conferred the ability to hydrolyse carboxymethylcellulose. An 11.8 kb HindIII DNA restriction fragment and a 6.2 kb EcoRI DNA fragment were subcloned from two distinct xylanase-expressing phages, into pUC18, to yield recombinant plasmids pGHJ4 and pGHJ5 respectively. Cells of Escherichia coli harbouring either of these two plasmids, or plasmid pJHH1 (comprising the cellulase gene from PXC, previously cloned on a 7.3 kb partial EcoRI DNA fragment in pUC18), expressed xylanase activity. The positions of the xylanase genes in the recombinant plasmids were elucidated by subcloning and transposon mutagenesis. In pJHH1 the xylanase gene was adjacent to the DNA region encoding the endoglucanase. The polysaccharide-degrading genes in pJHH1 were transcribed from different promotors. Hybridization studies revealed that the xylanase genes encoded by pGHJ4 and pGHJ5 showed strong homology. All three cloned enzymes cleaved p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside and 4 methylumbelliferyl beta-D-cellobioside. Xylan and glucose did not affect expression of xylanase in E. coli strains harbouring pJHH1, pGHJ4 or pGHJ5. PMID- 3151993 TI - New suppressor mutation sur0B of spo0B and spo0F mutations in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Two extragenic suppressor mutations, sur0B20 and sur0F1, which restore the sporulation of spo0B or spo0F mutants of Bacillus subtilis to the wild-type level, were obtained. These suppressor mutations were located in the spo0A gene. Their location is close to that of the sof-1 mutation, which suppresses spo0B, spo0E and spo0F mutations. However, spo0 strains bearing the sur0B20 mutation differed in several phenotypic characteristics from spo0 mutants bearing the sof 1 suppressor. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the sur0B20 and sur0F1 mutations resulted in Glu14 to Val and Asn12 to Lys conversion, respectively, in the spo0A gene. This result indicates that sur0B20 is a new suppressor of spo0b and spo0F mutations, whereas sur0F1 is identical to sof-1. PMID- 3151994 TI - Levansucrase of Bacillus subtilis: effects on the secretion process of single amino acid substitutions in the mature part of the protein. AB - Substitutions of an aspartate or an arginine residue for the glycine residue at position 366 of the mature part of Bacillus subtilis levansucrase were obtained by mutagenesis. Quantitative estimation from immunoblot analysis showed that the two transient membrane forms of the modified proteins were present in the membrane at the same level as that of the wild-type protein. The proteolytic processing, which was previously shown to be the first step of the levansucrase secretion process, was not affected in these modified proteins. Results from pulse-chase experiments showed that the half-times for secretion of the modified levansucrases into the culture medium were nearly the same as that of the wild type protein, but the amount of the modified proteins secreted was significantly reduced. Purified samples of the modified enzymes were subtilisin insensitive and possessed enzyme activities very similar to those of the wild-type enzyme. The results suggest that the 366 site probably belongs to a functional domain of the protein which could play an important role in the second step of the levansucrase secretion process. PMID- 3151995 TI - Transfer of a gonococcal beta-lactamase plasmid to conjugation-deficient Neisseria cinerea strains by transformation. AB - We have previously shown that some strains of Neisseria cinerea can serve as recipients in conjugation (Con+) with Neisseria gonorrhoeae while others cannot (Con-). To determine if a replication defect contributes to the inability of certain strains of N. cinerea to serve as recipients in conjugation, we attempted to introduce a naturally occurring gonococcal beta-lactamase plasmid into N. cinerea by transformation. Various methods were employed, and all proved unsuccessful. Since specific sequences are required for DNA uptake in transformation of N. gonorrhoeae, we constructed a number of hybrid plasmids containing N. cinerea chromosomal DNA inserted into the N. gonorrhoeae/Escherichia coli beta-lactamase shuttle vector, pLES2. When nine randomly selected plasmids with inserts were used to transform an N. cinerea strain which did not accept the gonococcal beta-lactamase plasmid by conjugation, transformants were observed with four of the hybrid plasmids. The presence of one of the hybrid plasmids, pCAG9, in transformants was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis, Southern hybridization, and beta-lactamase production. When an N. gonorrhoeae donor strain containing pCAG9 was used in conjugation with several N. cinerea strains, only those strains that were previously shown to act as recipients could accept and maintain pCAG9. The ability of pCAG9 and the other three hybrid plasmids to transform Con- strains demonstrates that the beta lactamase plasmid can replicate in Con- strains, and, therefore, the Con- phenotype is due to a block in some other stage of the conjugation process. PMID- 3151996 TI - Role of outer-membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharide in conjugation between Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria cinerea. AB - Little is known concerning the mechanism involved in cell contact between the donor and recipient during conjugation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The formation of stable mating pairs during conjugation in Escherichia coli appears to require a specific protein as well as LPS in the outer membrane of the recipient cell. To attempt to identify the cell surface components necessary for conjugation in the neisseriae, we began a comparison of the outer membrane of Neisseria cinerea strains that can (Con+) and cannot (Con-) serve as recipients in conjugation with N. gonorrhoeae. There were no differences in outer-membrane protein profiles on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis between Con+ and Con- strains that could be correlated with the ability to conjugate. However, whole outer membrane isolated from Con+ strains specifically inhibited conjugation while those from Con- strains did not. Proteolytic cleavage of outer-membrane proteins by trypsin, pronase or alpha-chymotrypsin abolished the inhibitory effect of Con+ outer membranes, suggesting that these outer membranes contained a protease-sensitive protein(s) involved in conjugation. Although periodate oxidation of Con+ outer membrane carbohydrates did not abolish the inhibitory action of these membranes, purified LPS from both Con+ and Con- strains inhibited conjugation when added at low concentrations. These results suggest that conjugation requires the presence of a specific conjugal receptor that consists of both LPS and one or more outer membrane proteins. Both Con+ and Con- strains contain the necessary LPS, but only Con+ strains contain the required protein(s). PMID- 3151997 TI - Cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid or a related compound is the low Mr factor from human red blood cells which induces gonococcal resistance to killing by human serum. AB - A low-Mr factor which induces gonococcal resistance to complement-mediated serum killing has been partially purified from lysates of mixed red and buffy coat cells from human blood. The lysates were dialysed against Tris buffer for 24 h at 25 degrees C with the diffusate being continuously recycled through a column of QAE-Sephadex A25. After elution in an NaCl gradient, the active fractions were both desalted and further purified on Sephadex G10. A second fractionation on QAE Sephadex A25 and desalting with Sephadex G10 preceded further purification by repeated high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a DEAE anion exchange column and desalting with Sephadex G10. Less than 500 micrograms of material showing one peak in HPLC was obtained from 1 litre of blood. After NMR had indicated the possible presence of pyrimidine nucleotide, carbohydrate and N acetyl groups, nanogram quantities of a commercial preparation of cytidine 5' monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NANA) were shown to induce gonococci to serum resistance. The synthetic CMP-NANA also co-eluted with the preparation from blood cells in HPLC, and the two materials were indistinguishable in their patterns of acid and heat lability. Furthermore, the resistance-inducing activity of both materials was inhibited by cytidine monophosphate, which is known to inhibit sialylation reactions by CMP-NANA. It appears therefore that the resistance-inducing factor is CMP-NANA or a closely related compound. If the factor is CMP-NANA, biological activities indicated that the cell lysate from 1 litre of blood contained about 40 micrograms, and the most purified preparation contained only about 1%. With this minute amount in a mixture, the presence of CMP-NANA or a closely related analogue could not be established unequivocally by NMR. PMID- 3151998 TI - Immunohistochemical study of carbonic anhydrase in normal salivary gland and salivary gland tumor. PMID- 3151999 TI - Nitroglycerin infusion during dental treatment and minor oral surgery. PMID- 3152000 TI - [Neurofibromatosis: orofacial manifestations]. PMID- 3152001 TI - The effects of various concentrations and lengths of application of glutaraldehyde on monkey pulp tissue. PMID- 3152002 TI - Respiratory monitoring during pediatric sedation: pulse oximetry and capnography. PMID- 3152003 TI - Effect of MAO inhibitors on the uptake and metabolism of dopamine in rat and human brain. AB - Complex pharmacological effect of l-deprenyl cannot be explained by its MAO-B inhibitory action only. In contrast to other parent MAO inhibitors (J-512, J-516, LK-63, U-1424) l-, and d-deprenyl inhibit the hypothalamic noradrenaline and striatal dopamine (DA) reuptake without influencing the uptake of serotonin, both in rat and in human brain. Long-term treatment 19 x 0.25 mg/kg or 0.5 mg/kg, sc with l-deprenyl elicits 37 +/- 2.8 and 43 +/- 3.2% inhibition, respectively, of DA reuptake capacity in the rat striatal cell-free homogenate. To compare the potencies of deprenyl isomers on DA and DOPAC levels of rat striatum drugs were given 0.25, 2 and 8 mg/kg ip and their effects measured 4 and 48 h after treatment. DA content was increased only by 8 mg/kg d-deprenyl 4 h after its injection, but DOPAC level was decreased by both isomers. After 48 h, actions of d-deprenyl terminated but the effect of l-deprenyl was still present. PMID- 3152005 TI - [Fluoride prophylaxis experience in a public setting]. PMID- 3152004 TI - MAO activity, serotonin metabolism and aggregation of platelets from migraine patients. A preliminary study. AB - Platelets of migraine patients showed abnormal behavior such as hyperaggregability and reduced monoamine oxidase activity (MAO). We measured the MAO activity, serotonin (5-HT) content and release, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) induced aggregation, and the prostacyclin (PGI2) antiaggregatory effect using the same sample of platelets from migraine patients to find out if these characteristics are intercorrelated. A significant correlation between MAO activity and sensitivity to PGI2 was found. PMID- 3152006 TI - [Pathology of the oral mucosa in school age children]. PMID- 3152007 TI - [Prophylaxis and interceptive procedures in orthodontics. 2]. PMID- 3152008 TI - [Treatment plans in orthodontic therapy. 2]. PMID- 3152009 TI - [The professional role and academic training of dental hygienists in the U.S.A]. PMID- 3152010 TI - [Report from Somalia]. PMID- 3152011 TI - [Tanzania and Mozambique: 2 programs for the year 2000]. PMID- 3152012 TI - [Pilot program for primary prevention]. PMID- 3152013 TI - [Tyrosinase-oxidoreductase; monophenol, o-diphenol: O2]. PMID- 3152014 TI - Use of CO2 laser for visible detection of enamel fissure caries. PMID- 3152015 TI - Histologic effects of high-pressure intraligamental injections on the periodontal ligament. PMID- 3152016 TI - [In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of 5 cements]. PMID- 3152017 TI - [Osseous cytotoxicity of a chelating solution used in endodontics]. PMID- 3152018 TI - [Development of a test-system of immunoenzyme analysis for serodiagnosis of tuberculosis in extra-pulmonary sites]. PMID- 3152019 TI - [Characteristics of the sensitivity and specificity of methods of immunoenzyme analysis with a conjugate of protein A and peroxidase]. PMID- 3152020 TI - Signal transduction by guanine nucleotide-binding proteins: possible molecular basis for multiple forms of Go alpha mRNA. PMID- 3152021 TI - Increased potency and sustained suppressive actions of a new gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist peptide in man. AB - We have used a new potent GnRH antagonist to assess the efficacy of suppression of gonadotropin secretion in healthy postmenopausal women at three different doses. The Nal-Glu antagonist produced significant suppression of immunoactive and bioactive LH at a 300 micrograms/kg dose throughout the 30-hr sampling interval with only minimal local (skin) histamine release. This increased potency and decreased skin reactivity of the Nal-Glu antagonist make it a drug with potential clinical use similar to the GnRH agonist, but with the advantage of immediate gonadotropin suppression. PMID- 3152022 TI - Increased serum cholestanol in patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX): chromatographic study. PMID- 3152023 TI - Influence of nutrition on ovulation rate in the ewe. AB - The effect of nutrition on ovulation rate in the ewe is reviewed with particular reference to the role of protein and energy and the time of effect during the cycle. Ovulation rate is increased by both protein and energy. In the case of protein this was shown to be accompanied by increased plasma levels of FSH and androstenedione at about the time of luteolysis, while levels of LH were unaffected. Increased hepatic oxidative enzyme activity is proposed as a mechanism by which nutrient intake may influence ovulation rate. PMID- 3152025 TI - [Wild reservoirs of Trypanosoma cruzi in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico]. PMID- 3152024 TI - [Positivity of xenodiagnosis in subjects with positive indirect hemagglutination reaction in Chagas' disease, according to the titers of that reaction]. PMID- 3152026 TI - [The problem of adhesion in esthetic restorations]. PMID- 3152027 TI - [Dentin bonding system]. PMID- 3152028 TI - [Comparison of dentin bonding systems]. PMID- 3152029 TI - Gamma interferon modulation of prostaglandin E2 release from monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharides from Bacteroides intermedius, Bacteroides gingivalis, and Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 3152030 TI - A cost-effective restoration. PMID- 3152031 TI - Pulp responses to a dentin and enamel adhesive bonding procedure. PMID- 3152032 TI - [Effect of some low pH soft drinks on enamel]. PMID- 3152034 TI - [Treatment plans in orthodontic therapy. 3]. PMID- 3152033 TI - [Injuries to incisors: epidemiological study]. PMID- 3152035 TI - [Teaching oral hygiene technics]. PMID- 3152036 TI - [Current status of the world wide incidence of caries]. PMID- 3152037 TI - [Action of EDTA and its combination with tensoactive agents on root dentin permeability]. PMID- 3152038 TI - [Platelet eicosanoids and hypercholesterolemia]. PMID- 3152039 TI - [Cytogenetic and clinical findings and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in girls with Turner's syndrome]. PMID- 3152040 TI - Models relating subcellular effects of temperature to whole plant responses. AB - The analysis of the temperature dependence of the rate of photosynthetic carbon assimilation by leaves of C3 plants has involved subdivision into a diffusional (mainly stomatal) component and a biochemical one. The latter has been further analysed in terms of Rubisco activity and of the capacity for regeneration of RubP. Rubisco activity has been modelled in terms of the number of active (carbamylated) enzyme sites and the kinetics of these sites. RubP regeneration capacity has been modelled in terms of photosynthetic electron transport and photophosphorylation capacity and the rate of supply of inorganic phosphate. The short-term (minutes to hours) responses of assimilation rate to changes in temperature of Eucalyptus pauciflora leaves, in the range 15 to 35 degrees C, are examined using this framework. It is argued that the above approach has some useful features, even if these are mainly pedagogical. Problems with the simplified framework are also discussed, including heterogeneity of the light intensity and CO2 concentration within the leaf. The latter is discussed in terms of the resistances to diffusion within the leaf and observations of non uniformity ('patches') of stomatal opening. The effects of temperature, couched in the above terms, appear to be mainly those on the supply of carbon as a substrate for growth. Yet the model (or description of carbon assimilation) can accommodate certain effects of demand for carbon (sink limitation). These occur, notably, via the supply of inorganic phosphate, but potentially also via Rubisco activation and other mechanisms. A striking example of effects of reduced temperature on assimilation and growth being caused by changed demand for carbon, is given for the tropical crop, Arachis hypogaea. This example prompts an appraisal of the effects of temperature on components of growth other than photosynthesis, for example, of leaf production rate. PMID- 3152041 TI - Potassium currents in cut skeletal muscle fibers from toad Bufo marinus: activation and decline under maintained depolarizations. PMID- 3152042 TI - [In vitro evaluation of the trypanocidal activity of 3 antimycotic agents on fresh plasma infected with T. cruzi]. PMID- 3152043 TI - [Histologic analysis of the tongue of the toad Bufo marinus (Linne)]. PMID- 3152044 TI - Autoantibodies and immunocomplexes in Chagas' disease. PMID- 3152045 TI - [Principles of osseointegration]. PMID- 3152046 TI - [Prosthetic treatment]. PMID- 3152047 TI - [Partial edentulousness]. PMID- 3152048 TI - [Condition of the soft tissues after placement of osseointegrated implants]. PMID- 3152049 TI - [Complications and results]. PMID- 3152050 TI - [The Periotest parameter as a control in establishment of osseointegrated oral implants]. PMID- 3152051 TI - Polyploid abnormalities in day 3 and day 5 merino sheep embryos. AB - The chromosome complement was assessed in Merino sheep embryos collected at 3 and 5 days after the onset of oestrus. Donor ewe treatments were: untreated, or immunized against androstenedione (day 3); and untreated, or treated with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), or treated with FSH plus immunization against androstenedione (day 5). No significant differences in the frequency of chromosomally abnormal embryos between treatment groups within each age group were observed, so the data have been combined. Euploid abnormalities were observed in 10.8% of the day-3 embryos (4/37), with the abnormalities being one 1n, one 3n and two 5n. Embryos with euploidy (10%) were also observed at day 5, with three 1n/2n mosaics and a 3n embryo present in a sample of 40. These data suggest that chromosomally aberrant embryos are not lost before day 5 of development. PMID- 3152052 TI - Research in reconstructive microsurgery. PMID- 3152054 TI - Mating patterns of different Adh genotypes of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Differences in mating ability. AB - The mating ability of the different Adh genotypes of D. melanogaster, from three natural populations, was estimated as the number of females inseminated by a single male in a 24-hour period. The data indicate that populations of D. melanogaster vary in mating properties, but a common tendency was found in all of them: the heterozygous individuals, especially the males, show a relative advantage with respect to homozygotes. On the other hand, our results suggest that the differences in mating patterns observed between populations may be correlated with the different degree of Adh polymorphism found in them. PMID- 3152053 TI - Analysis of an SD second chromosome from a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The second chromosome Co-122 (Corato-122) extracted from a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster caught in Corato (Apulia) and maintained in the laboratory over the SM5 balancer chromosome, proved to carry: (1) a Segregation distorter factor, named SdCo; (2) a recessive lethal mutation, termed mle-Co (maleless-Corato), which causes the lethality of only males; (3) another recessive lethal mutation, l(2)Co (lethal (2) Corato), probably arisen in the laboratory by mutation. This mutation accounts for the diminished recovery of homozygous females observed in the stock. The genetic features and the cytological analysis of the SD chromosome are reported, as well as the genetic localization of mle-Co and 1(2)Co and their cytogenetic mapping. An allelism test has ascertained that mle-Co is allelic to mle, a male-specific mutation described by Fukunaga et al., 1975. The tight linkage of mle-Co and l(2)Co with Sd is discussed from the standpoint of population genetics. PMID- 3152055 TI - cis and trans control of erythroid cell-specific gene expression during erythropoiesis. AB - The overall aim of our group's work is to investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating erythroid cell-specific gene expression during erythroid cell differentiation. We have been successful in cloning two non-globin genes of interest: the first encodes the rabbit red cell-specific lipoxygenase (LOX), which has a role in degrading mitochondrial lipids during maturation of the reticulocyte to the erythrocyte; and the second, mouse glutathione peroxidase (GSHPX), an important seleno-enzyme responsible for protection against peroxide damage. Characterization of the GSHPX gene revealed that the seleno-cysteine residue in the active site of the enzyme is encoded by UGA, which usually functions as a translation-termination codon. This novel finding has important implications regarding the role of mRNA sequence context effects in codon recognition. In contrast with the beta-globin locus, very little is known about the mechanisms responsible for the erythroid-specific expression of the alpha globin genes. By a combination of functional transfection assays and studies of the interactions of nuclear sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins with promoter sequences in vitro, we have recently defined two regions upstream of the mouse alpha-globin gene involved in its erythroid-specific expression: one contains a sequence motif (GATAAG) that binds to a species-conserved and erythroid-specific factor both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, GATAAG motifs binding the same factor are found also in the mouse and chicken adult beta-globin gene promoters, the erythroid-specific promoter of the haem pathway enzyme, porphobilinogen (PBG) deaminase and the chicken beta-globin 3' enhancer. We are now commencing purification of this erythroid-specific GATAAG-binding factor, investigating in more detail how it functions in relation to other globin gene control regions and determining whether GATAAG-like regions have a functional role in the erythroid specific expression of other genes. We have begun to investigate the regulation of the GSHPX and red cell LOX genes. The presence of tissue-specific 3' DNAse I hypersensitive sites (DHSS) suggests that different 3' flanking regions of the GSHPX gene may be important in its regulation in the various cell types in which it is highly expressed, i.e. erythroid cells, liver and kidney.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3152056 TI - [Calcium hydroxide cement. Verification of the influence of contact time on antimicrobial action against S. faecalis. In vitro study]. PMID- 3152057 TI - Secretion of LH, FSH and oestradiol-17 beta during the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle in the ewe. AB - Plasma concentrations of LH, FSH and oestradiol-17 beta were measured in blood samples taken at 15 min intervals for 48 h during the follicular phase of four Merino ewes. The amplitude of pulses of LH and the mean concentration of LH were higher at the beginning of the follicular phase, 36-24 h before the preovulatory surge of LH (amplitude 2.4 ng ml-1, mean concentration 3.9 ng ml-1), than at the end, 24-0 h before the preovulatory surge (amplitude 1.2 +/- 0.1 ng ml-1; mean concentration 1.4 +/- 0.1 ng ml-1). There was no change in the inter-pulse interval during this time (mean 74 +/- 5 min). Over the same period, oestradiol levels increased from 7-8 pg ml-1 to a peak of 10-15 pg ml-1. Mean FSH concentrations declined (36-24 h: 3.6 ng ml-1 vs 24-0 h: 1.8 +/- 0.3 ng ml-1) before rising at the time of the preovulatory surge of LH and again 24 h later. It was concluded that the biphasic response of LH to oestrogen that is seen in ovariectomized ewes may also operate during the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle in entire ewes. PMID- 3152058 TI - Effect of short-term and long-term lithium treatment on uptake and retention of iodine-131 in rat thyroid. AB - No significant change occurred in the uptake by the thyroid of male Wistar rats of a standard dose of carrier-free 131I administered intraperitoneally and its retention by the thyroid, as measured by biological and effective half-life, after feeding these rats a powdered pelleted diet containing lithium carbonate (1.1 g per kg of diet) for 7 days. However, continuing this diet for 10 days inhibited thyroid uptake and increased the retention of 131I. Uptake remained suppressed for up to 4 months after lithium treatment and continuing this treatment for 6 months did not result in any significant change in 131I uptake by the thyroid. Lithium treatment for 10 days increased the biological and effective half-life of 131I in the thyroid and this increase continued for the 6 months treatment period. The dose of 131I delivered to the thyroid was significantly lower after 10 days and 1 month of lithium treatment but there was no change in this dose after 2 and 4 months of treatment. However, there was a significant increase after 6 months. PMID- 3152059 TI - Environmental applications of organic mass spectrometry in China. AB - A review of more than 30 papers on the environmental applications of organic mass spectrometry in China in studies of environmental carcinogens, such as nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and nitro-PAH, and trace organics in water, polychlorinated biphenyls, and reaction products and mechanism is presented. PMID- 3152060 TI - Sequence selectivity, a test of the nature of the covalent adduct formed between benzo[a]pyrene and DNA. AB - A theoretical study is presented of the energetic and structural properties of covalent adducts of benzo[a]pyrene and a DNA fragment. Energy optimisation is performed with the use of minimiser with constraints and an advanced semiempirical energy formula. Three types of adducts are studied: an external complex with the benzopyrene located in the DNA minor groove and two types of intercalative complexes with the carcinogen situated on the 3' side and 5' side of the covalently bound guanine. For each of the adducts the effects of DNA base sequence are examined. It is shown that the results for the intercalative complex with the carcinogen situated on the 5' side of the modified guanine correlate with the experimentally determined sequence preference. PMID- 3152061 TI - Structure of the pseudomonad fungal antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid. AB - C13H8N2O2, Mr = 224.2, monoclinic, Cc, a = 3.955 (1), b = 19.278 (4), c = 13.468 (1) A, beta = 98.90 (2) degrees, V = 1015 (2) A3, Z = 4, D chi = 1.468 Mg m-3, lambda (Mo K alpha) = 0.7107 A, mu = 0.061 mm-1, F(000) = 464, T = 293 (2) K, R = 0.047 for 571 observed reflections. The crystal-structure determination of the title compound, a phenazine antibiotic from Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 (NRRL B 15132), confirms its structure as phenazine-1-carboxylic acid. The molecular packing is described by discrete stacks of molecules parallel to the a axis with the distance between the essentially planar molecules being ca 3.96 A; there are no significant intermolecular contacts in the lattice. PMID- 3152062 TI - Effect of composite resin on the microleakage of Scotchbond 2 and Gluma. PMID- 3152063 TI - [Bactericidal activity examination (MBC) of glutaric aldehyde on anaerobic non sporing bacteria]. AB - Sensibility (MBC) of 97 strains of non-sporing anaerobes separated from clinical materials coming from oral cavity to glutaric aldehyde (Koch Light Lab) has been examined. The experiments have been carried out by the suspension method adapting it properly to the examinations of anaerobes. 72 hours' cultures in enriched thioglycolate broth containing 10(9) of living cells of anaerobes in 1 ml have been used as inoculum. MBC results were read off after 7 days' incubation at temperature of 37 degrees C. From the total number of 97 strain 7 (7%) strains were sensible to the concentration of 156 to 311 micrograms/ml. In MBC ranges equal to 312 to 624 micrograms/ml 17 (17%) strains perished. Most of the strains namely 51 (53%) strains were damaged by the concentrations of 625 to 1249 micrograms/ml. The remaining 22 (23%) strains exacted to utilize glutaric aldehyde of the concentrations within the range of 1250 to 2500 micrograms/ml. It has been noticed that the strains from Leptotrichia buccalis species were the most sensitive ones. In the remaining of anaerobes under examinations the MBC values were similar to each other. PMID- 3152064 TI - Types of chronic gastric ulcer, gastric secretions and acidity. PMID- 3152065 TI - A case of calcification of the subcortical nuclei (a clinical, electrophysiological and X-ray observation). PMID- 3152066 TI - Disturbances of the excretion of uric acid in workers at high risk from lead exposure. PMID- 3152068 TI - Determination of the shape of the head in man from the frontal view through a complex quantitative index. PMID- 3152067 TI - Hydroxyprolinuria in vibration disease. PMID- 3152069 TI - The effect of progesterone on the 45Ca and 32P content in the femur during prenatal osteogenesis in white rats. PMID- 3152070 TI - The effect of testerone on the 45Ca and 32P content in the femur during prenatal osteogenesis in white rats. PMID- 3152072 TI - Management and results of conservative treatment of pertrochanter fractures. PMID- 3152071 TI - Clinical and electrophysiological effects from treatment of epileptic patients (a long-term study). PMID- 3152073 TI - A rapid bacterial susceptibility test on agar lamellae. PMID- 3152074 TI - Changes in GABA content of the brain and sensitivity to GABA-antagonists during and after repetitive treatment of rats with diphenilhydantoin. PMID- 3152075 TI - A clinico-laboratory and morphological characterisation of the operative and post operative period in an experimental model of hyperazotemia in rats. PMID- 3152076 TI - On a combined radiological treatment--percutaneously with 60Co and intracavitary with 137Cs, in patients with carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 3152077 TI - Demographic problems of the village population of the Plovdiv region. PMID- 3152078 TI - The circadian rhythm of pulse and temperature in patients with depressions and neuroses. PMID- 3152079 TI - [Diverticulosis of the gastrointestinal tract and its complications]. PMID- 3152080 TI - [The present attitude to chemotherapy in tuberculosis in adults]. PMID- 3152081 TI - [Dry CO2 baths in the treatment of sterility in women due to tubal factors]. PMID- 3152082 TI - Serological diagnosis of Aspergillus infections. PMID- 3152083 TI - [Factor VIII inhibitors--their characteristics and clinical significance]. PMID- 3152084 TI - [The role of the fibrinolysis system in the pathogenesis of various diseases of the digestive tract]. PMID- 3152085 TI - [Genetic aspects of Alzheimer's disease]. PMID- 3152086 TI - [Inborn disorders in amino acid metabolism]. PMID- 3152087 TI - [Sugar malabsorption]. PMID- 3152088 TI - [E2 and E3 deficiency of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex]. PMID- 3152089 TI - [Lysosomal storage diseases]. PMID- 3152090 TI - [Acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency: Pompe's disease]. PMID- 3152091 TI - [Mucopolysaccharidosis]. PMID- 3152092 TI - [Galactosialidosis]. PMID- 3152093 TI - [Sphingolipidoses: an overview]. PMID- 3152094 TI - [Deficiency of GM1 ganglioside beta-galactosidase--GM1 gangliosidosis]. PMID- 3152095 TI - [Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis and phytosterolemia]. PMID- 3152096 TI - [An overview of connective tissue disorders]. PMID- 3152097 TI - [NADH-CoQ reductase deficiency]. PMID- 3152099 TI - [Thyroxine binding globulin abnormalities]. PMID- 3152098 TI - [Mitochondrial myopathy and abnormal mitochondrial DNA]. PMID- 3152100 TI - [Hemophilia A and von Willebrand disease]. PMID- 3152101 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic coma. PMID- 3152102 TI - Elder abuse, Arkansas law, and dental professional responsibility--Part 1. PMID- 3152103 TI - Studies on the replication of bacteriophage Cp-1 DNA in Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - The DNA of bacteriophage Cp-1 replicates at optimal conditions when Cp-1-infected Streptococcus pneumoniae was incubated at 30 degrees C. The in vitro formation of the initiation complex between the terminal protein and 5'-dAMP was only partially inhibited at 37 degrees C whereas an almost complete inhibition of the DNA replication was found at this temperature in vivo. Aphidicolin inhibited the multiplication of phage Cp-1 but not that of Dp-4. This drug did not affect the in vitro formation of the initiation complex but seems to affect extensive Cp-1 DNA replication in vivo. PMID- 3152104 TI - Production of some enzymes in the autolysis of the white-rot fungus Coriolus versicolor in fermenter. AB - The autolysis and production of some extracellular enzymes by Coriolus versicolor was studied in submerged cultures. After 48 days of incubation the fungus lost 31% of its maximum dry weight. 1.3-beta-glucanase was excreted at the beginning of autolysis and proteases were present during the course of the experiment. On the other hand, laccase was produced in very small amount in the first days of incubation, reaching the maximum activity at the 8th-day of autolysis. PMID- 3152105 TI - Structure of WF-3681, 3-(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-3-phenyl-2-furyl)propionic acid. AB - C13H12O5, Mr = 248.24, monoclinic, C2/c, a = 18.757 (8), b = 7.282 (2), c = 17.511 (8) A, beta = 91.20 (3) degrees, V = 2391 (3) A3, Z = 8, Dx = 1.379 Mg m 3, lambda(Cu K alpha) = 1.54178 A, mu = 0.859 mm-1, F(000) = 1040, T = 293 K. Final R = 0.054 for 1409 unique observed reflections. The molecule contains two planar regions which differ in orientation by 5.7 degrees. Distances from the carbonyl carbons to the center of the phenyl ring are not in the range found in the crystal structures of other potent aldose reductase inhibitor molecules. PMID- 3152106 TI - Ultrastructural peculiarities of the endothelium of the testicular vein and vasa vasis in idiopathic varicocele. PMID- 3152107 TI - Histological and histochemical study of gingival papillae in patients with paradontosis engaged in pesticide production. PMID- 3152108 TI - An electron microscope study of the human prenatal thymus. PMID- 3152109 TI - Lymph nodes in the maxillofacial and cervical regions: CT study. PMID- 3152111 TI - A classification of ventilatory abnormalities and chronic respiratory insufficiency. PMID- 3152110 TI - Indirect sublingual lymphography in the maxillofacial and cervical regions. PMID- 3152112 TI - Autoradiographic and radiometric assessment of 32P uptake by parodontal tissue. PMID- 3152113 TI - A model for AIDS education for health professionals. PMID- 3152115 TI - Health educators: where are you? PMID- 3152114 TI - The ASHA AIDS education needs assessment: Association for the Advancement of Health Education Results. PMID- 3152116 TI - Motivational characteristics of community health education interns and internship situations: the personal investment approach. PMID- 3152117 TI - Expert systems in health education. PMID- 3152118 TI - Drug use, misuse and abuse as presented in movies. PMID- 3152119 TI - Courtesies and rights within relationships. PMID- 3152120 TI - A primer on AIDS for health professionals. PMID- 3152121 TI - [Problems of the development of microbial drug resistance]. PMID- 3152122 TI - [Biological properties, serogroup affiliation and antibiotic sensitivity of hospital strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 3152123 TI - [Frequency of isolating various serostrains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their sensitivity to antibiotics]. PMID- 3152124 TI - [The structure of cyanobacterial phycobilisomes and its change in viral infection]. PMID- 3152125 TI - [Various physico-chemical characteristics of the anatoxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 3152126 TI - [Detection of serologically identical proteins in polysomal-bound mRNA from cells of various eukaryotes]. PMID- 3152127 TI - [Effect of nitroglycerin in patients with mitral valve stenosis. Acute double blind hemodynamic method]. PMID- 3152128 TI - [Monoclonal immunoglobulinemias (M Ig)]. PMID- 3152130 TI - Hepatic encephalopathy: new light on an old problem. PMID- 3152129 TI - [Clinical pharmacology of nitroglycerin for controlled transdermal administration]. PMID- 3152131 TI - [Dynamic aspect of calcium binding to troponin C]. PMID- 3152132 TI - [Cell motility and Ca2+]. PMID- 3152133 TI - [Changes in parasitemia evaluated using the modified Strout method in patients with acute Chagas disease under treatment]. PMID- 3152134 TI - [Epidemiology of a case of Chagas disease in the Mosqueiro Island-Para]. PMID- 3152135 TI - [Chagas disease in the Amazonas: I. A record of 8 autochthonous cases in Macapa]. PMID- 3152136 TI - [Alternatives for the control of Triatoma sordida in the Triangulo Mineiro. I. Partial spraying (intradomicile) in the municipality of Douradoquara, MG, Brazil]. PMID- 3152137 TI - [Post-transfusion acute Chagas disease without myocarditis. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 3152138 TI - [Effect of infection on nutrition and metabolism]. PMID- 3152139 TI - [Precocious and delayed puberty]. PMID- 3152140 TI - [Evaluation of iron metabolism in pregnant and non-pregnant students of the Bialystok Medical Academy]. PMID- 3152141 TI - [Effects of air pollution by phenol in apartments of newly built houses on selected urinary biochemical parameters in children]. PMID- 3152142 TI - [Candida tropicalis as a possible indicator of the degree of pollution of surface waters]. PMID- 3152143 TI - [An optimal coagulation method to determine anti-heparin compounds in biological specimens]. PMID- 3152144 TI - Preliminary characterization of platelet factor (s) which exert stimulatory effect on collagen biosynthesis in Balb c/3T3 cells. PMID- 3152146 TI - Purification and properties of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase from human gastric mucous membrane. PMID- 3152145 TI - [Effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde on proteolytic enzyme activity of the small intestine and pancreas]. PMID- 3152147 TI - [Effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde on proteolytic enzyme activity of the stomach]. PMID- 3152148 TI - [Studies of water fungi. IV. Mycoflora from the pond by the Branicki Palace in an annual cycle]. PMID- 3152150 TI - [Morphologic, histochemical and ultrastructural studies of the development of metastases of transplantable Morris hepatoma in the rat lung after administration of heparin]. PMID- 3152151 TI - [Peptides of fibrosarcoma induced by methylcholanthrene in rats]. PMID- 3152149 TI - [Studies of water fungi. V. Water fungi of the Biala River at locations with various degrees and nature of contamination]. PMID- 3152152 TI - [Determining cathepsin D activity in the blood serum using denatured hemoglobin as a substrate]. PMID- 3152153 TI - [Conditions for developing and the properties of complexes of low density lipoproteins with heparin]. PMID- 3152154 TI - The heavy-chain stoichiometry of smooth muscle myosin is a characteristic of smooth muscle tissues. AB - The stoichiometry of the two heavy chains of myosin in smooth muscle was determined by electrophoresing extracts of native myosin and of dissociated myosin on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 4%-polyacrylamide gels. The slower migrating heavy chain was 3.6 times more abundant in toad stomach, 2.3 in rabbit myometrium, 2.0 in rat femoral artery, 1.3 in guinea pig ileum, 0.93 in pig trachea and 0.69 in human bronchus, than the more rapidly migrating chain. Both heavy chains were identified as smooth muscle myosin by immunoblotting using antibodies to smooth muscle and non-muscle myosin. The unequal proportion of heavy chains suggested the possibility of native isoforms of myosin comprised of heavy-chain homodimers. To test this, native myosin extracts wer electrophoresed on non-dissociating (pyrophosphate) gels. When each band was individually analysed on SDS-polyacrylamide gel the slowest was found to be filamin and the other bands were myosin in which the relative proportion of the heavy chains was unchanged from that found in the original tissue extracts. Since this is incompatible with either a heterodimeric or a homodimeric arrangement it suggests that pyrophosphate gel electrophoresis is incapable of separating putative isoforms of native myosin. PMID- 3152155 TI - Binding of enantiomers of trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro benzo[a]pyrene to polynucleotides. AB - DNA covalent binding studies with enantiomers of trans-7,8-dihydroxy- anti-9,10 epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-benzo[a]pyrene (anti-BPDE) have been carried out by means of spectroscopic techniques (UV, CD, and fluorescence). Synthetic polynucleotides are employed to investigate binding differences between the G.C and A.T base pairs and to elucidate the bases for the stereoselective covalent binding of DNA toward anti-BPDE. The results indicate that of all the polynucleotides studied, only poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) exhibits predominant intercalative covalent binding towards (+)-anti-BPDE and suffers the least covalent modification. Only minor intercalative covalent contributions are found in alternating polymer poly(dA-dC).poly(dG-dT). These observations parallel the DNA physical binding results of anti-BPDE and its hydrolysis products. They support the hypothesis that intercalative covalent adducts derive from intercalative physical binding while the external covalent adducts derive from external bimolecular associations. In contrast to the A.T polymers, the guanine containing polymers exhibit pronounced reduction in covalent modification by (-) anti-BPDE. The intercalative covalent binding mode becomes relatively more important in the adducts formed by the (-) enantiomer as a consequence of decreased external guanine binding. These findings are consistent with the guanine specificity, stereoselective covalent binding at dG, the absence of stereoselectivity at dA for anti-BPDE, and the enhanced binding heterogeneity for the (-) enantiomer as found in the native DNA studies. The possible sequence and/or conformational dependence of such stereoselective covalent binding is indicated by the opposite pyrenyl CD sign exhibited by (+)-anti-BPDE bound to polynucleotides with pyrimidine on one strand and purine on another vs. that bound to polymers containing alternating purine-pyrimidine sequences. PMID- 3152157 TI - Preparation and characterization in solution of oligonucleotides alkylated by activated carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. AB - The effects of aralkylation of selected oligonucleotides by a bulky chemical carcinogen, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (after activation) have been studied. The aralkylation involves the base adenine, designated A* at the modification site, in the center of synthetic heptameric, nonameric and pentadecameric oligonucleotides; complementary strands lacking any modification were also synthesized. The products were studied by UV melting curves and CD spectral techniques. Duplex formation was modified by such aralkylation of a central base in the oligomers. The extent of duplex formation was found to depend on chain length as follows: no evidence was found for duplex formation of the heptamer d(GTCA*GAC) + d(GTCTGAC); the nonamer, d(GTGCA*ATCC) + d(GGATTGCAC), appears to form a duplex at high salt concentrations and reduced temperature; the pentadecamer, d(CCGCT-GCGA*TCCGGC) + d(GCCGGATCGCAGCGG), forms a duplex at low salt concentration and room temperature, but its melting temperature is lower than that of the nonalkylated parent system. CD-spectra for the duplexes formed by the nonamer or pentadecamer are indicative of a right-handed helical conformations. On phosphordiesterase digestion it appears that the aralkylated adenine and the base on its 5'-side act as "stops" for enzymatic digestion from either direction. We suggest, from model building, that this inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity is the result of the steric bulk and disposition of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. We further suggest that unusual base pairing (mismatching), such as A...A, which would lead to an AT transversion, may be favored by the bulkiness of the aromatic group. PMID- 3152156 TI - A-DNA accommodates adducts derived from diol epoxides of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons bound in a "side-stacking" mode. AB - The minor groove of undistorted A-DNA provides a good binding site for planar, hydrophobic moieties such as unmetabolized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the base pairs at the ends of short oligodeoxynucleotide helices. It also accommodates the chief adduct derived from the metabolically activated form of the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene. B-DNA lacks such a site. Computerized models have been generated for the major (N2-guanine-linked) adducts formed at this site by both + and - enantiomers of anti-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (anti-BPDE) with poly(dG).poly(dC) in the A-DNA conformation. The BPDE adducts lie in the shallow, relatively hydrophobic minor groove of the A-DNA after empirical potential energy minimization using the program AMBER. We term this binding mode "side-stacking." The side-stacked + anti-BPDE may constitute the chief carcinogenic lesion derived from benzo[a]pyrene. PMID- 3152158 TI - Carcinogen-nucleic acid interactions: equilibrium binding studies of aflatoxins B1 and B2 with DNA and the oligodeoxynucleotide d(ATGCAT)2. AB - Equilibrium binding is believed to play an important role in directing the subsequent covalent attachment of many carcinogens to DNA. We have utilized UV spectroscopy to examine the non-covalent interactions of aflatoxin B1 and B2 with calf thymus DNA, poly(dAdT):poly(dAdT), and poly(dGdC):poly(dGdC), and have utilized NMR spectroscopy to examine non-covalent interactions of aflatoxin B2 with the oligodeoxynucleotide d(ATGCAT)2. UV-VIS binding isotherms suggest a greater binding affinity for calf thymus DNA and poly(dAdT):poly(dAdT) than for poly(dGdC):poly(dGdC). Scatchard analysis of aflatoxin B1 binding to calf thymus DNA in 0.1 M NaCl buffer indicates that binding of the carcinogen at levels of bound aflatoxin less than 1 carcinogen per 200 base pairs occurs with positive cooperativity. The cooperative binding effect is dependent on the ionic strength of the medium; when the NaCl concentration is reduced to 0.01 M, positive cooperativity is observed at carcinogen levels less than 1 carcinogen per 500 base pairs. The Scatchard data may be fit using a "two-site" binding model [L.S. Rosenberg, M.J. Carvlin, and T.R. Krugh, Biochemistry 25, 1002-1008 (1986)]. This model assumes two independent sets of binding sites on the DNA lattice, one a high affinity site which binds the carcinogen with positive cooperativity, the second consisting of lower affinity binding sites to which non-specific binding occurs. NMR analysis of aflatoxin B2 binding to d(ATGCAT)2 indicates that the aflatoxin B2/oligodeoxynucleotide complex is in fast exchange on the NMR time scale. Upfield chemical shifts of 0.1-0.5 ppm are observed for the aflatoxin B2 4 OCH3, H5, and H6a protons. Much smaller chemical shift changes (less than or equal to 0.06 ppm) are observed for the oligodeoxynucleotide protons. The greatest effect for the oligodeoxynucleotide protons is observed for the adenine H2 protons, located in the minor groove. Nonselective T1 experiments demonstrate a 15-25% decrease in the relaxation time for the adenine H2 protons when aflatoxin B2 is added to the solution. This result suggests that aflatoxin B2 protons in the bound state may be in close proximity to these protons, providing a source of dipolar relaxation. Further experiments are in progress to probe the nature of the aflatoxin B1 and B2 complexes with polymeric DNA and oligodeoxynucleotides, and to establish the relationship between the non-covalent DNA-carcinogen complexes observed in these experiments, and covalent aflatoxin B1 guanine N7 DNA adducts. PMID- 3152159 TI - Mapping the binding site of aflatoxin B1 in DNA: molecular modeling of the binding sites for the N(7)-guanine adduct of aflatoxin B1 in different DNA sequences. AB - Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent mutagen and carcinogen, forms an adduct exclusively at the N(7) position of guanine, but the structure of this adduct in double stranded DNA is not known. Molecular modeling (using the program, PSFRODO) in conjunction with molecular mechanical calculation (using the program, AMBER) are used to assess the binding modes available to this AFB1 adduct. Two modes appear reasonable; in one the AFB1 moiety is intercalated between the base pair containing the adducted guanine and the adjacent base pair on the 5'-side in reference to the adducted guanine, while in the second it is bound externally in the major groove of DNA. Rotational flexibility appears feasible in the latter providing four, potential binding sites. Molecular modeling reveals that the binding sites around the reactive guanine in different sequences are not uniformly compatible for interaction with AFB1. As the sequence is changed, one particular external binding site would be expected to give a pattern of reactivities that is reasonably consistent with the observed sequence specificity of binding that AFB1 shows in its reaction with DNA (Benasutti, M., Ejadi, S., Whitlow, M. D. and Loechler, E. L. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 472-481). The AFB1 moiety is face-stacked in the major groove with its long axis approximately perpendicular to the helix axis. Favorable interactions are formed between exocyclic amino groups that project into the major groove on cytosines and adenines surrounding the reactive guanine, and oxygens in AFB1; unfavorable interactions involve van der Waals contacts between the methyl group on thymine and the AFB1 moiety. "Some of the sequence specificity of binding data can be rationalized more readily if it is assumed that 5'-GG-3' sequences adopt an A-DNA structure." Based upon molecular modeling/potential energy minimization calculation, it is difficult to predict how reactivity would change in different DNA sequences in the case of the intercalative binding mode; however, several arguments suggest that intercalation might not be favored. From these considerations a model of the structure for the transition state in reaction of AFB1 with DNA is proposed involving one particular external binding site. PMID- 3152160 TI - Comparison of 51Cr-EDTA and 99mTc-DTPA slope clearances in children with vesicoureteric reflux. AB - The plasma clearances of 51Cr-EDTA and 99mTc-DTPA have been compared in a series of 154 children with reflux nephropathy. The study has shown that DTPA can replace EDTA with the advantage that it can also be used for dynamic renal imaging and calculation of individual kidney function. However, the source of the DTPA is important, as it has been shown to affect the comparison with EDTA clearance. PMID- 3152161 TI - Inhibition of vasodilatation by methylene blue in large and small arteries of the dog hindlimb in vivo. AB - 1. Injection of acetylcholine (ACh, 0.0005-2 micrograms/kg) or glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, 0.01-20 micrograms/kg) into the femoral artery increased femoral artery diameter, femoral blood flow and heart rate, and reduced femoral vascular resistance and systemic arterial blood pressure in anaesthetized dogs. The intravenous (i.v.) injection of ACh (2 micrograms/kg) produced a small decrease in systemic arterial pressure and an increase in heart rate, but did not dilate the hindlimb vessels. 2. Methylene blue, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, continuously infused into the femoral artery (10 mg/min), attenuated the increase in femoral artery diameter and femoral blood flow, and the decrease in femoral vascular resistance produced by intra-arterial injections of both ACh and GTN. 3. In addition, methylene blue potentiated the decrease in systemic arterial pressure produced by ACh (injected directly into the femoral artery or i.v.), but did not affect the depressor response to GTN. This selective potentiation of ACh induced hypotension was not affected by autonomic ganglion blockade with hexamethonium (25 mg/kg, i.v.). 4. These results suggest that both ACh- and GTN induced vasodilatation in vivo occurs through a mechanism involving guanylate cyclase activation in large arteries and resistance vessels in the dog hindlimb. Methylene blue inhibited the local vasodilator actions of ACh in the femoral vasculature despite potentiating the systemic depressor response to that agent. PMID- 3152162 TI - Control of glomerulosa cell function by angiotensin II: transduction by G proteins and inositol polyphosphates. AB - 1. The receptor-activated mechanisms that mediate the steroidogenic actions of angiotensin II (AII) have been characterized in rat and bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells. In rat adrenal cells, the AII receptor is coupled to a guanine nucleotide inhibitory protein which reduces adenylate cyclase activity and cyclic AMP production. However, receptor-mediated stimulation of aldosterone production by AII is exerted through a separate pertussis-insensitive nucleotide regulatory protein that subserves coupling of activated receptors to phospholipase C. 2. In AII-stimulated glomerulosa cells, hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate (PIP2) by phospholipase C yields diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (Ins-P3), which act as second messengers by activating calcium calmodulin and calcium-phospholipid dependent protein kinase pathways. Ins-1,4,5 P3 is a potent stimulus of intracellular calcium mobilization, and is promptly inactivated by two major routes of metabolism. Direct degradation of Ins-1,4,5-P3 by a 5-phosphatase gives inositol 1,4-bisphosphate which in turn is metabolized to inositol-4-monophosphate. The latter product can be derived only from higher inositol phosphates, and thus serves as a specific marker of polyphosphoinositide breakdown in agonist-stimulated cells. In contrast, inositol-1-phosphate is largely derived from phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis, which is not increased during the initial phase of AII action. 3. Ins-1,4,5-P3 formed in AII-stimulated glomerulosa cells is also phosphorylated by a calcium-calmodulin dependent 3 kinase to form inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (Ins-P4), which is rapidly dephosphorylated to the biologically inactive Ins-1,4,5-P3 isomer, Ins-1,3,4 trisphosphate. The latter metabolite, like Ins-1,4,5-P3, is both degraded to lower phosphates (Ins-3,4,P2 and Ins-1,3-P2) and phosphorylated to form a new tetrakisphosphate isomer (Ins-1,3,4,6-P4). Ins-1,4,5-P3 formed during AII action is bound with high affinity to specific intracellular receptors through which InsP3 causes calcium mobilization during the initiation of cellular responses to AII and other calcium-dependent ligands. PMID- 3152163 TI - Effects of orpanoxin on arachidonic acid metabolism of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes and platelets in vitro. AB - 1. The effect of orpanoxin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on cyclo oxygenase and lipoxygenase activity in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) and platelets was studied ex vivo to see if lipoxygenase inhibition contributed to orpanoxin's mechanism of action. 2. In PMNL, orpanoxin (50, 100, and 200 mumols/l), like indomethacin (100 mumols/l), had little effect on synthesis of leukotriene B4 or 5S-hydroxy-6-trans,8,11,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid. BW755c at 100 mumols/l inhibited synthesis of both. 3. In PLT, orpanoxin (100 mumols/l) inhibited formation of cyclo-oxygenase products (thromboxanes, prostaglandins, and 12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid) and increased synthesis of the lipoxygenase product, 12S-hydroxy-5,8-cis,10-trans,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid. Effects of indomethacin (100 mumols/l) and benoxaprofen (100 mumols/l) in platelets were qualitatively similar to those of orpanoxin. 4. These results indicate that the discrepancy between the low potency of orpanoxin in inhibiting bovine seminal vesicle cyclo-oxygenase in vitro and its high potency as an anti inflammatory agent in vivo is not explained by its having an additional lipoxygenase inhibitory mechanism. PMID- 3152164 TI - Upper esophageal sphincter function in patients with Zenker's diverticulum. PMID- 3152165 TI - Monoinfection of root canal with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 3152166 TI - Bonding of resin dentin adhesives under simulated physiological conditions. PMID- 3152168 TI - Effects of aging on the anatomy and neurophysiology of taste. PMID- 3152167 TI - Dentin adhesives: site of dentin vs. bonding of composite resins. PMID- 3152170 TI - The effects of a preschool health education program upon children's health knowledge and reactions to health examinations. PMID- 3152169 TI - [Ultramicroscopic study of dentin cleaning, using various solutions]. PMID- 3152172 TI - Fifty years of health education in AAHPERD: a chronology, 1937-1987. PMID- 3152171 TI - Corporate health promotion in a post-industrial society: circa 2000 A.D. PMID- 3152174 TI - Limitations of health education strategies in mental health promotion. PMID- 3152173 TI - Clair E. Turner: pioneer in health education 1890-1974. PMID- 3152177 TI - Reducing anxiety about teaching a human sexuality program. PMID- 3152176 TI - Promoting a natural high. PMID- 3152175 TI - Assessing beliefs about and needs of senior citizens using the focus group interview: a qualitative approach. PMID- 3152178 TI - Can you name these foods? PMID- 3152179 TI - Reaching a level of sexual comfort. PMID- 3152180 TI - The impact of the "scream": to use or not to use. PMID- 3152182 TI - Tips for implementing health education projects in developing countries. PMID- 3152181 TI - Teaching about international health in United States public schools. AB - This is a decade length study which will involve periodic surveys of curriculum directors and coordinators and review of health, social studies, and selected other curriculum documents. Curriculum directors and coordinators from 43 states responded to the Cissell International Health Curricula Questionnaire. Eighteen sent copies of their health curriculum documents. Ten sent copies of the social studies curriculum documents. Several indicated their curriculum documents could be purchased. Several others indicated their curriculum documents were being revised or reprinted. Solicitation of responses to the questionnaire and of additional copies of the curriculum guides will continue until curriculum directors or coordinators from all 50 states have responded and a copy of each of the published health and social studies curriculum documents has been received and analyzed or June 30, 1988. A second phase will be initiated in 1989 to solicit comparable information. Likewise, a third phase of the study will be initiated in 1994. Phases two and three will produce data that can be compared with the data obtained in phase one. In that way, any changes in school health curricula, as it relates to international health, should be evident. PMID- 3152183 TI - Focus on the positive: the campaign for child survival. Education about development in school and community. PMID- 3152185 TI - International health calendar project. PMID- 3152184 TI - Food first, educating our children. PMID- 3152186 TI - An international foodfest. PMID- 3152187 TI - Professional preparation for international health education. Institutions offering specialized masters degrees. PMID- 3152188 TI - International students: their effect on college health education. PMID- 3152189 TI - Health as the universal language. International students as teaching resources. PMID- 3152191 TI - International health topics in environmental health and epidemiology courses. PMID- 3152190 TI - Internationalizing college health education courses. Selected teaching strategies. PMID- 3152192 TI - World Health Day and the politics of commemorative legislation. PMID- 3152193 TI - Teaching materials on world hunger and other international health problems. PMID- 3152194 TI - On health education becoming a pedagogy of global health. PMID- 3152196 TI - Microcomputer telecommunications: basic principles for health education research. PMID- 3152195 TI - Observations on the implementation of telecourses in health education. PMID- 3152197 TI - Professional preparation for corporate health educators: a different perspective. PMID- 3152199 TI - The AAHE Scholar Award: profile of the first decade. PMID- 3152198 TI - Health education and health promotion: a look at the jungle of supportive fields, philosophies and theoretical foundations. PMID- 3152200 TI - A unit plan for women's health issues at the secondary level. PMID- 3152201 TI - Utilizing the competency-based curriculum framework for curriculum revision: a case study. PMID- 3152202 TI - Microcomputer authoring systems: valuable tools for health educators. AB - Writing courseware with the aid of an authoring system is a bold step that can bring together the health education content expert and the power of the microcomputer. The microcomputer can be programmed to present essential knowledge to students in a low pressure setting, specifically geared to their levels of comprehension and rates of progression. Microcomputer-based simulations and patient management problems seem suited to the task helping students develop adequate problem-solving skills in health education (Lewis, 1983; Peterson, 1984). Furthermore, many lecture hours can be replaced by an infinitely patient tutor with which students can interact at their convenience. Creating self-study materials delivered via microcomputer is also a step toward providing the most effective type of learning experiences for individual students. Despite the fact that putting authoring systems in the hands of well-informed content specialists may meet a number of pressing needs in health education, there is one drawback. Authoring systems have a built-in pedagogical structure that, to some extent, dictates the design of the lesson. However, spending time in the evaluation process prior to purchase will enable educators to identify a system that can be used to develop courseware that very closely matches the desires of the author. Integrating microcomputer courseware into health education courses is certainly an attractive solution to some of the educational problems faced in health education today. An authoring system can be used to develop courseware that can substituted for lectures on basic concepts. In addition, students will have more opportunities to develop the ability to apply, in problem-solving situations, the factual knowledge they are learning before they are responsible for making judgments in real-life situations. The time is ripe, then, for health educators to investigate how authoring systems can help them utilize the technology of the microcomputer to improve health education. PMID- 3152203 TI - Those tantalizing textbook tests. PMID- 3152204 TI - Update on computer-assisted video instruction in the health sciences. PMID- 3152205 TI - Self-efficacy and weight control. PMID- 3152206 TI - The efficacy of weight-loss clinics: an issue in consumer health education. PMID- 3152207 TI - Eating disorders: a problem in athletics? PMID- 3152208 TI - Planning a nutrition curriculum: assessing availability, affordability, and cultural appropriateness of recommended foods. PMID- 3152209 TI - Audiotape progressive relaxation training: effects on performance and distress of disadvantaged youth. PMID- 3152211 TI - Health promotion: issues for AAHE in the 80's. PMID- 3152210 TI - Measuring feelings of alienation in adolescents. PMID- 3152212 TI - Gaming as a method for learning to resolve ethical dilemmas in long term care. PMID- 3152213 TI - Role delineation competencies and the entry level health educator. PMID- 3152214 TI - Alcoholics Anonymous: the utilization of social experience in the classroom. PMID- 3152215 TI - The writing process in health class. PMID- 3152216 TI - The eating and exercise behavior questionnaire: a validity assessment. PMID- 3152218 TI - Modification of students' snacking: comparison of behavioral teaching methods. PMID- 3152217 TI - "Heart Smart"--a staff development model for a school-based cardiovascular health intervention. PMID- 3152219 TI - Allergies and problem students. PMID- 3152220 TI - The role of women's health in health education. PMID- 3152221 TI - Exercise, aging and longevity. PMID- 3152222 TI - Predicting pregnancy and contraceptive usage among college women. PMID- 3152224 TI - Teaching self-awareness through idiosyncrasies. PMID- 3152225 TI - Wellness and behavior contracting. PMID- 3152223 TI - One more look at PMS: implications for women of a new focus on an old problem. PMID- 3152226 TI - Anxiety in the adult learner in an RN to BSN program: real or imagined. PMID- 3152227 TI - College students' perceived risk and seriousness of AIDS. PMID- 3152228 TI - A path analytic model for investigating the relationship among stress, illness, social support, and health practices. PMID- 3152229 TI - Radial keratotomy surgery: what health educators should know. PMID- 3152231 TI - Modeling and analysis in health education. PMID- 3152230 TI - Creating effective health coalitions. PMID- 3152232 TI - Is knowledge really power? PMID- 3152233 TI - Quantifying the advantages of group process versus individual efforts in problem solving and decision making. PMID- 3152235 TI - A concept of health and techniques of conceptual analysis. PMID- 3152234 TI - The high school newspaper and health education: a powerful partnership. PMID- 3152236 TI - The status of ethics instruction in the health education curriculum. PMID- 3152237 TI - What is health promotion? PMID- 3152238 TI - The effectiveness of biofeedback and home relaxation training on reduction of borderline hypertension. PMID- 3152239 TI - Nutrition aspects of a cardiovascular curriculum in the Southwest. PMID- 3152240 TI - Administrative aspects of school health education. Fourth Delbert Oberteuffer Symposium, 1988. PMID- 3152242 TI - Principal's commitment: a key to success. PMID- 3152243 TI - Comprehensive school health education: directives for development and implementation. PMID- 3152241 TI - Health education: program development and implementation. PMID- 3152244 TI - Controversial topics in a health education program. PMID- 3152245 TI - Physical fitness: a vital component of the school health education curriculum. PMID- 3152246 TI - When wellness drives the health curriculum. PMID- 3152247 TI - School health programs: a comprehensive plan for implementation. PMID- 3152248 TI - Scheduling and staffing school-based health education. PMID- 3152249 TI - Helping health education to grow: the New York City experience. PMID- 3152250 TI - Dietary control of hypertension: what should we be teaching? PMID- 3152251 TI - "Heart Smart"--a staff development model for a school-based cardiovascular health intervention. PMID- 3152252 TI - Indicators of drinking and driving among university students. PMID- 3152253 TI - Educational implications of alcohol use patterns among employed women. PMID- 3152255 TI - Junior high school students as facilitators of elementary school health education carnivals. PMID- 3152254 TI - Development of a hypertension educational pamphlet for the black community: a model approach. PMID- 3152256 TI - Effects of aging on cardiac blood flow velocities. AB - The effects of aging on cardiac blood flow velocities are important as a description of the natural history of the aging process and as a reference for evaluation of the aging cardiovascular system. We therefore studied these effects in 215 healthy volunteers, 120 males and 95 females, between 1 and 65 years old. Pulsed Doppler signals were recorded proximal and distal to the mitral (M) and tricuspid (T) valves, in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), in the ascending aorta (AAO), in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), and in the pulmonary artery (PA). Systolic (S) flow velocity patterns consist mainly of one peak. Diastolic blood flow velocity is characterized by two peaks: one due to early filling (E) of the ventricle and a second as a result of atrial contraction (A). All peaks are characterized by the maximum of the median velocity curve (Vmax). With age increasing from 1 to 65 years, VmaxS decreases in the AAO (40%) and PA (10%), VmaxE decreases on both sides of the M valve (proximal-50%; distal 30%), and the T valve (proximal-20%; distal-30%). However, with increasing age VmaxS increases in the LVOT (25%), and VmaxA increases on both sides of the M valve (proximal-20%; distal-50%) and proximal to the T valve (30%). VmaxS in the RVOT and VmaxA distal to the T valve did not show a relation with age. These observations demonstrate that in a normal population Vmax in the heart and great vessels is age dependent at most sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3152257 TI - Ultrasonography in the detection of cervical incompetency. AB - In 80 pregnancies with clinical and ultrasonic signs of cervical incompetency, the length of the cervix and the thickness of the anterior wall of a lower uterine segment have been evaluated ultrasonically. We have also measured the width of the endocervical canal and studied the prolapse of fetal membranes (with fetal parts) into the endocervical canal. We evaluated these same parameters in 80 healthy pregnancies. The length of the cervix, the thickness of the anterior wall of a lower uterine segment, and the width of the endocervical canal were followed longitudinally in the patients from the 10th to the 36th gestation week. No statistically significant differences between age groups were found. In four age groups at risk for cervical incompetency, cervical lengths and wall thickness were significantly different (p less than 0.001) from those in comparable controls. Forty-five percent of the patients in the at-risk group, with cervical cerclage, delivered at 37.3 (range: 32 to 41) weeks and 6.25% of pregnancies ended in abortion when the amniotic membrane herniated into the cervical canal, with or without some part of the fetus. PMID- 3152258 TI - The real-time ultrasonography of pancreatic pseudocyst: comparison of infected and noninfected pseudocysts. AB - The real-time ultrasonograms of 15 patients with pancreatic pseudocysts (10 infected and 5 noninfected) were analyzed to evaluate difference in ultrasound characteristics between the infected and noninfected pseudocysts. Only those who underwent ultrasound-guided aspiration or operation within one week after sonography were reviewed according to the size, multiplicity, air content, internal echoes, and wall characteristics (such as thickness, regularity, and calcification) of pseudocysts. Among these ultrasonographic features of pseudocysts, there was no statistically significant difference between the infected and noninfected pseudocysts in cyst size, wall characteristics (thickness, regularity, and calcification), multiplicity, and air content. The most important and unique feature was the internal echoes within the pseudocyst. The internal echoes were classified into three grades. All the infected pseudocysts and one noninfected pseudocysts had internal echoes of grade 1. The difference is statistically significant (p = 0.0037). These results indicate that grading internal echogenicity of the pseudocysts with real-time ultrasonographies can add additional information important in differentiating infected from noninfected pseudocysts. PMID- 3152259 TI - Detection of open spina bifida by the lemon sign: pathologic correlation. AB - This study was undertaken to evaluate the association of medial displacement of the frontal bones of the fetal calvarium, the lemon sign, with open spina bifida (OSB) and to assess other pathologic findings associated with this change. During the past 8 years, 8 cases of OSB were seen in our institution. The lemon sign was retrospectively identified in 6/6 cases of OSB scanned before 22 weeks gestation, while it was not seen in 3/3 cases examined after 26 weeks. One case was evaluated with serial studies before and after 22 weeks. Scalloping of the frontal bones was associated with a wide variety of pathological findings. This sign may prove to be an important marker for OSB. PMID- 3152260 TI - Reverse flow in the human fetal descending aorta as a sign of severe fetal asphyxia preceding intrauterine death. AB - Flow velocity waveforms (FVW) in the descending part of the human fetal aorta were monitored in 35 cases of severe intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) showing pathological intrauterine circulation (end-diastolic block). In 5 of the 35 fetuses, reversed aortic flow was observable during diastole and the simultaneously recorded CTG findings were pathological. All 5 fetuses having this circulatory sign died in utero within the next day. Controls were 260 healthy fetuses with normal growth curves; no end-diastolic block or reverse flow was found in this group. Diastolic reverse flow in the fetal descending aorta appears to reflect severely altered circulation preceding imminent fetal death. PMID- 3152261 TI - The sonographic appearance of the irradiated breast. AB - A dedicated supine breast ultrasound scanner was used to perform 48 bilateral breast sonograms on 21 patients who had undergone segmental resection and radiation therapy for breast cancer. Skin thickening was seen in 13 of 21 patients (62%). There was an increased echogenicity of the fat in 13 patients (62%) and poor definition of Cooper's ligaments in nine patients (43%). Fifteen patients (71%) had decreased compressibility and 8 (38%) had decreased penetration of the sound beam into the breast. The radiation changes were seen as early as one month after the completion of radiotherapy and improved by one year in the majority of patients studied with sequential sonograms. PMID- 3152262 TI - Portable obstetrical ultrasound calculation and analysis using an inexpensive laptop microcomputer and simple basic program. AB - This paper describes the use of a commercially available inexpensive portable laptop microcomputer and a simple user-friendly software package that allows rapid, portable obstetrical ultrasound calculation in the reading room, delivery suite, office setting, or over the telephone. The program is written in BASIC and may be modified by the user. The programming philosophy is described and a variety of BASIC subroutines and formulae useful to the obstetrical sonologist are listed. All fetal parameter formulae are referenced. PMID- 3152263 TI - The utility of image-directed Doppler ultrasound in the evaluation of the "parallel channel" sign. PMID- 3152264 TI - Liver biopsy embolization track: ultrasonic appearance. PMID- 3152265 TI - An unusual anomalous intrahepatic connection between the left portal vein and internal mammary veins. PMID- 3152266 TI - Oligohydramnios associated with bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidneys: prenatal diagnosis at 15 weeks' gestation. PMID- 3152268 TI - Properties of an N,N-dimethyl-p-aminoazobenzene oxide reductase purified from rat liver cytosol. AB - Homogenates of all rat tissues examined, except brain, catalyze reduction of N,N dimethyl-p-aminoazobenzene N-oxide (DMAB N-oxide) to N,N-dimethyl-p aminoazobenzene by NADPH. Liver is the most active, and about one third of the homogenate activity of this tissue is recovered in the cytosol fraction. The purified cytosol enzyme has the properties of a tetrameric protein (Mr 370,000) consisting of identical subunits free from chromophores that absorb in the visible spectrum and from metals or other detectable prosthetic groups. The purified reductase is also free from NADPH oxidase and from cytochrome c or azo reductase activities. The enzyme is quite specific for NADPH as reductant and DMAB N-oxide as the electron acceptor. Reduction of other N,N-dimethyl-arylamine or alkylamine oxides as well as N-methylheterocyclicamine oxides could not be detected. Analysis of kinetic data indicate that, at saturating concentrations of the other substrate, 21 microM NADPH and 700 microM DMAB N-oxide are required for half maximal velocity. At infinite concentrations of both substrates the turnover is 150 min-1 at 37 degrees C. PMID- 3152267 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis of neonatal spinal epidural hemorrhage. PMID- 3152269 TI - Stereoselective formation of a cholesterol ester conjugate from fenvalerate by mouse microsomal carboxyesterase(s). AB - In accordance with in vivo findings, of the four chiral isomers of fenvalerate (S 5602 Sumicidin, Pydrin, [RS]-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl [RS]-2-(4 chlorophenyl)isovalerate), only the [2R, alpha S]-isomer (B-isomer) yielded cholesteryl [2R]-2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovalerate (CPIA-cholesterol ester) in the in vitro study using several tissue homogenates of mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys. There were species differences in the extent of CPIA-cholesterol-ester formation, with mouse tissues showing relatively higher activity than those of other animals. The kidney, brain, and spleen of mice showed relatively higher capacities to form this ester compared to other tissues, and the enzyme activity was mainly localized in microsomal fractions. The CPIA-cholesterol ester did not seem to be produced by three known biosynthetic pathways of endogenous cholesterol esters--acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT), lecithin:cholesterol O-acyltransferase (LCAT), and cholesterol esterase. Carboxyesterase(s) of mouse kidney microsomes solubilized by digitonin hydrolyzed only the B alpha-isomer of fenvalerate, yielding CPIA, whereas they yielded the corresponding cholesterol ester in the presence of artificial liposomes containing cholesterol. Thus, it appears that the stereoselective formation of the CPIA-cholesterol ester results from the stereoselective formation of the CPIA carboxyesterase complex only from the B alpha-isomer, which subsequently undergoes cleavage by cholesterol to yield the CPIA-cholesterol ester. PMID- 3152270 TI - [Determination of epidermal growth factor (EGF) levels in mouse tissues by enzyme immunoassay]. PMID- 3152271 TI - Infection of a mammal by monogenetic insect trypanosomatids (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae). AB - Monogenetic insect trypanosomatids of the genera Crithidia, Leptomonas and Herpetomonas, multiplied as in axenic cultures, for many months, in the lumen of the scent glands of the opossum Didelphis marsupialis. Specific antibodies were detected in the serum of the animals but there was no evidence of invasion of their tissues by the parasites. PMID- 3152272 TI - From a mono to a digenetic life-cycle: how was the jump for flagellates of the family Trypanosomatidae? AB - It has been found that species of the digenetic genus Trypanosoma as well as species of monogenetic trypanosomatids of insects can grow in the lumen of the scent glands of opossums reproducing the cycle they perform in the intestinal tract of their insect hosts. Based on these findings, speculations are made on the incompletely known cycles of many mammalian trypanosomes and on the evolution of the family Trypanosomatidae. PMID- 3152273 TI - [Immunoenzyme assay using micro Dot on nitrocellulose (Dot-ELISA) in the diagnosis of Chagas' disease. I. Comparative study of 2 antigenic preparations of Trypanosoma cruzi]. AB - Using the Dot-ELISA technique, two antigenic preparations of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote forms have been compared for the diagnosis of Chagas' disease: (1) The cytoplasmic fraction (cytoplasmic antigen) and (2) whole formalin fixed epimastigotes (integral antigen). There was been used sera from 95 chagasic patients with chronic cardiomyopathy, positive conventional serology and either positive or negative xenodiagnosis; 74 subjects with negative conventional serology, and either clinically normal or presenting cardiomyopathy; 74 patients with different diseases including syphilis, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis or autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies. By defining the diagnostic titers (cut off): 1:512 for cytoplasmic antigen and 1:128 for the integral antigen, a sensitivity of 100% has been obtained with both antigenic preparations, being the specificity of 96% for the former and 100% for the latter when leishmaniasis sera were not included. A comparative study with conventional serology was carried out using 147 sera from a Laboratory of Chagas' diagnosis; Dot-ELISA with cytoplasmic antigen showed co-positivity index of 1.0, co negativity 0.989 and efficiency of 0.993, and Dot-ELISA with integral antigen 1.0, 0.979 and 0.986 respectively. According to this evaluation, Dot-ELISA using whole formalin fixed epimastigotes might be a practical alternative for the serological diagnosis of Chagas' disease. PMID- 3152274 TI - [Pathology of Schistosomiasis mansoni in rabbits]. AB - The pathology of schistosomiasis mansoni in rabbits was studied with special consideration to worm burden and duration of infection. Heavy and prolonged infections resulted in severe changes involving the intrahepatic portal vein branches, such as: polypoid endophlebitis, granulomatous endophlebitis and, later on, vascular occlusion and recanalization, vascular ectasia, fibrosis and hyalinization of the endothelial polyps. Living and dead adult worms, rather than the mature eggs, were the main pathogenetic factors. For some time the lesions tend to be limited to the portal vein branches, not extending to the periportal tissues, but, after 8 to 10 months, variable degree of portal, septal and intra parenchymal fibrosis can be formed. However, both vascular and fibrotic changes in the liver had a focal distribution and therefore did not appear to cause portal hypertension and had no resemblance to the human pathology seen in cases of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Pathology of schistosomiasis in rabbits has peculiar aspects, which are worthwhile studying, since the model can be of interest for investigations, especially concerning the immunology and immunopathology of schistosomiasis mansoni. PMID- 3152275 TI - Aspergillus fumigatus fungus ball in hospitalized patients with chronic pulmonary disease. Usefulness of double immunodiffusion test as a screening procedure. AB - Double immunodiffusion (DID) was used as a screening test for the diagnosis of aspergillosis. Three hundred and fifty patients were tested, all of them referred from a specialized chest disease hospital and without a definitive etiological diagnosis. When DID was positive additional information such as clinical history and radiographic findings were requested and also surgical specimens were obtained whenever possible. Specific precipitin bands for Aspergillus fumigatus antigen were found in 29 (8.3%) of 350 patients sera. Nineteen (65.5%) of the 29 patients with positive serology were recognized as having a fungus ball by X-rays signs in 17 or by pathological examination in 2 or by both in 8 patients. This two-year prospective study has shown that pulmonary aspergillosis is a considerable problem among patients admitted to a Chest Diseases Hospital, especially in those with pulmonary cavities or bronchiectasis. PMID- 3152276 TI - Morphological evidence by scanning electron microscopy of excretion of metacyclic forms of Trypanosoma cruzi in vector's urine. AB - Comparison by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of Trypanosoma cruzi flagellates attached to the cuticle of the rectal gland of infected Dipetalogaster maxima nymphs, showed marked differences before and after feeding. Before feeding numerous metacyclic trypomastigotes were observed among the abundant epimastigotes that formed the carpet of flagellates. On the other hand, in insects that were allowed to urinate for 24 hours after a meal, the metacyclics were scarce, indicating that they had been detached by the urine flow. An asymmetric type of cell division, probably originating both an epi- and a trypomastigote, was occasionally observed. The occurrence of swellings at different levels of the flagella of epimastigotes suggests that secondary sites of attachment may be common. PMID- 3152277 TI - [Resistance of Biomphalaria peregrina of Santa Rita do Sapucai, Minas Gerais, Brazil to infection with 3 strains of Schistosoma mansoni]. AB - The descendants of the planorbid snail Biomphalaria peregrina, collected in the region of Santa Rita do Sapucai, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were exposed to miracidia of three strains of Schistosoma mansoni: "LE" strain from Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais; "SJ", strain from Sao Jose dos Campos, State of Sao Paulo and "AL" strain from State of Alagoas. Of 300 snails exposed to miracidia of the three strains, none was infected. On the other hand, 300 Biomphalaria glabrata of the control groups showed infection rates of 61.1 to 95.3% with the three strains. The mortality rates of B. peregrina and B. glabrata were 20% and 28%, respectively. PMID- 3152278 TI - HIV antibodies in beggar blood donors in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil--II. PMID- 3152279 TI - [Virus transmission to man from Phlebotomus flies: role of the Tuscany virus (Bunyaviridae, Phlebovirus) in the etiology of infections of the central nervous system]. AB - During field studies on the ecology of arboviruses in Italy, strains of a new virus were isolated from sand flies, mostly females, of a pure colony of Phlebotomus perniciosus collected in a central Italian region (Tuscany). The prototype was named Toscana (TOS) virus, assigned to the Phlebotomus fever serogroup of arboviruses (family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus) and registered in 1980 in the International Catalogue of Arboviruses. Neutralizing antibodies to TOS virus were detected in human sera. Serologic surveys were carried out to estimate the natural distribution of TOS virus in Italy and it was shown that antibodies to this virus could be detected in humans mainly of the Tuscany region. In particular, a high infection rate (24.8%) was observed among residents of the province of Florence. Furthermore, several patients with a diagnosis of aseptic meningitis presented a serologic response which reflected a recent infection with TOS virus in the Tuscany and Marche regions. Consequently, between 1980 and 1986 studies were conducted at selected sites of the Tuscany region to determine the possible occurrence of vectors and presence of foci of TOS virus and to assess its public health importance. As a result of these investigations, several virus strains were isolated from pools of wild caught Ph. perniciosus and Ph. perfiliewi. Of the virus isolates obtained, 37 were identified as TOS virus and 47 as a new serotype, member of the Phlebotomus fever group. For this virus we suggested the name of Arbia (ARB) virus, Arbia being the river flowing across both Florence and Siena provinces from which the isolates originated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3152280 TI - A marmoset model for some New World dermatotropic leishmaniases. AB - Callithrix penicillata is a good model for dermatotropic strains of some New World Leishmania species (L. mexicana mexicana, L. m. amazonensis, and L. braziliensis guyanensis). Both amastigotes and promastigotes readily infect these primates, with a relative short period of incubation. The developed lesions parallel those found in man, and despite the self healing presented by some marmosets, cell and serum immunological responses are presented. Skin alterations are confined to the site of inoculum, and visceralization is very rarely found. A good response to standard antimonial treatment makes the model useful for preclinical experiments with promising compounds. PMID- 3152282 TI - An analysis of dental services based in the emergency room. AB - This study evaluated the utilization, cost-effectiveness, and marketing of emergency dental services in a 700-bed university-affiliated hospital. Sequential analysis of 445 emergency room dental visits was performed during a 3-month period. Services were most used on weekend days by patients who had chief symptoms lasting varying lengths of time (43% had them 21 days). The majority of patients sought care for relief of pain. A diagnosis of infection was made in 82% of the patients. An analysis of costs, revenues, marketing, and service design is included. PMID- 3152281 TI - Experimental transmission of a sarcosporidian from Alpine ibex to domestic sheep and goats. AB - Sporocysts of Sarcocystis sp. from dogs fed with ibex meat were orally inoculated into kids and lambs. Three kids, given 4 x 10(6) and 4 x 10(4) sporocysts, respectively, died from acute sarcocystosis. Schizonts, though found in all the tissues of these kids, were particularly numerous in the kidneys, brain and spinal cord. Another three kids inoculated with 5 x 10(3) sporocysts and two lambs, inoculated with 1 x 10(6) and 5 x 10(3) sporocysts, respectively, showed no clinical signs and were sacrificed between 111 and 130 days after infection. Mature sarcocysts were found both in the heart and striated muscles of these animals. No parasitic stage was found in two kids and two lambs used as uninoculated controls. Biological differences between Sarcocystis sp. from ibex and the other sarcosporidians with a canine-caprine or canine-ovine cycle are stressed. PMID- 3152283 TI - Dental service use by older people living in long-term care facilities. AB - Since 1980, a mobile program has delivered dental care to 14 different long-term care facilities that care for frail and functionally dependent older persons. These facilities lie within a 60-mile radius of the University of Iowa College of Dentistry. This paper reports comparisons between characteristics of users versus nonusers of dental care in the program. Of the 853 residents in the long-term care facility who were screened, it was determined that 66% would benefit from some type of dental care. When the residents and their families were approached for treatment permission, 48% of those recommended permitted treatment; treatment was completed on 38% of those persons recommended for treatment. No differences were observed in the distribution or diagnoses of major medical problems for the users versus nonusers of care. Recommended treatment was similar for users and nonusers in nursing homes. The majority of nonusers refused treatment because they or their families did not perceive a need for dental care. PMID- 3152284 TI - Evaluation of cost-productivity of hospital-based general practice residency programs. AB - This study evaluated the 1985 cost-productivity of staff dentists and general practice residents at 11 dental clinics with general practice residency (GPR) programs and five nonteaching dental clinics in Veterans Administration hospitals. The results indicate that on the basis of dental service production, GPR facilities are or should be as cost-efficient as nonteaching facilities. It was also found that GP residents can repay a major part of their training costs. PMID- 3152285 TI - Oral health care attitudes of nursing assistants in long-term care facilities. AB - This study compares the oral health attitudes of nursing assistants employed in facilities served by mobile dental units, with attitudes of nursing assistants employed in facilities that are not served by mobile dental units. Seventy-seven nursing assistants were selected from seven long-term care facilities. Mobile dental service was available in four of the seven facilities. Certified nursing assistants completed a three part questionnaire that included demographics, personal oral health care habits, and an attitudinal section based on Kegeles' health belief model, measured by a Likert-type scale. Demographically, a majority of assistants in each group were female, worked the first shift, and had worked at their respective facilities from 6-12 months. On the average, assistants who worked at facilities that were not served by a mobile dental unit had more years of postsecondary education. Both groups had similar in-service dental histories for the previous year. A greater number of nursing assistants at facilities that were not served by a mobile dental unit reported having dental checkups within the past year. The majority of assistants in each group brushed their teeth twice per day, used a medium or hard toothbrush, and did not floss. Attitudinal mean scores were similar in all the areas of the health belief model, with the exception that assistants who were not served by a dental unit showed a greater mean score for the area of susceptibility. Through use of the t-test, the area of susceptibility was found to be statistically significant (P = .05) between the two groups. Results suggest nursing assistants' exposure to mobile dental services may not strongly influence oral health attitudes. PMID- 3152286 TI - [Prerequisites for prescribing and monitoring long-term home oxygen treatment]. PMID- 3152287 TI - An alpha 40 subunit of a GTP-binding protein immunologically related to Go mediates a dopamine-induced decrease of Ca2+ current in snail neurons. AB - Dopamine induces a decrease in voltage-dependent Ca2+ current in identified neurons of the snail H. aspersa. This effect is blocked by intracellular injection of activated B. pertussis toxin and of an affinity-purified antibody against the alpha subunit of bovine Go protein. The dopamine effect is mimicked by intracellular injection of mammalian alpha o. In snail nervous tissue, pertussis toxin ADP-ribosylates a single protein band on SDS gels, and this band is recognized in immunoblots by the anti-alpha o antibody. We propose that this is a 40 kd alpha subunit of a molluscan G protein immunologically related to alpha o and that it mediates the effect of dopamine on Ca2+ currents in identified snail neurons. PMID- 3152288 TI - Antibodies to the period gene product of Drosophila reveal diverse tissue distribution and rhythmic changes in the visual system. AB - Polyclonal antibodies were prepared against the period gene product, which influences biological rhythms in D. melanogaster, by using small synthetic peptides from the per sequence as immunogens. The peptide that elicited the best antibody reagent was a small domain near the site of the pers (short period) mutation. Specific immunohistochemical staining was detected in a variety of tissue types: the embryonic CNS; a few cell bodies in the central brain of pupae; these and other cells in the central brain of adults, as well as imaginal cells in the eyes, optic lobes, and the gut. The intensity of per-specific staining in the visual system was found to oscillate, defining a free-running circadian rhythm with a peak in the middle of the night. PMID- 3152289 TI - The organization of cytoplasm at the presynaptic active zone of a central nervous system synapse. AB - The axoplasm at the presynaptic active zone of excitatory synapses between parallel fibers and Purkinje cell spines contains a meshwork of distinct filaments intermingled with synaptic vesicles, seen most clearly after the rapid freezing, freeze-etch technique of tissue preparation. One set of filaments extends radially from synaptic vesicles and intersects similar filaments associated with vesicles as well as larger filaments arising from the presynaptic membrane. The small, vesicle-associated filaments appear to link synaptic vesicles to one another and to enmesh them in the vicinity of the synaptic junction. The vesicle-associated filaments could be synapsin I because they have the same molecular dimensions and are distributed in the same pattern as synapsin I immunoreactivity. PMID- 3152290 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of the precursor protein for beta-amyloid in the rat central nervous system. AB - Two rabbit polyclonal antibodies generated against different portions of the amyloid precursor protein were used to localize this protein in normal rat brain. Light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical localizations demonstrate that the protein is widely distributed throughout the neuraxis, with the highest concentrations of immunoreactive neurons occurring in the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, septum-diagonal band, globus pallidus, cerebellum, and hippocampus. Immunoreactive astrocytes are also present in the cerebral cortex in relation to both neurons and capillaries. However, immunoreactivity was not observed within the endothelium of the cerebral vasculature. These data demonstrate that the beta-amyloid precursor is widely distributed in the CNS and provide further insight into the cellular elements that may be involved in the neuropathological changes associated with Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3152291 TI - Endothelial function can be preserved during cryo-storage of human saphenous vein. AB - Endothelial functional integrity was quantified in human saphenous vein by measurement of stimulated (vortex-mixing) rates of prostacyclin production. Prostacyclin production was not inhibited by dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), glycerol or sucrose at concentrations normally used for cryopreservation. Rapid freezing followed by storage for 3-4 weeks and thawing of veins pretreated with 15% (v/v) dimethylsulphoxide significantly impaired prostacyclin production. In contrast, slow freezing and thawing in the presence, but not the absence, of DMSO led to complete retention of prostacyclin production. We conclude that endothelial function can be preserved during cryostorage. PMID- 3152292 TI - Cerebral blood flow during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - In a study of the cerebral consequences of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), we have assessed cerebral blood flow (CBF) by intra-arterial Xenon 133 clearance, utilising a Novocerebrograph 10a, before, during and immediately following CPB. All patients (n = 51), under the care of a single surgical team underwent elective coronary revascularisation using a standardised anaesthetic and surgical protocol. CBF, measured as the initial slope index (ISI), fell significantly from before (median 22.5) to on bypass (median 20) (Wilcoxon P less than 0.005) and was significantly increased in the immediate post-bypass period (median 28) compared with pre-bypass (Wilcoxon P less than 0.001). Scattergrams reveal CBF to be independent of arterial pressure (BP) but show an important relationship between arterial PaCO2 and CBF. The correlations between PaCO2 and CBF prior to bypass (r = 0.46 P less than 0.005) and post-bypass (r = 0.46 P less than 0.001) are very similar, whilst on bypass, the correlation, although remaining significant, is reduced (r = 0.31 P less than 0.02). The median values for arterial PaCO2 are low throughout the study (pre-bypass median 33 mmHg, on bypass median 28 mm Hg and post-bypass median 36 mm Hg). The maintenance of PaCO2 within the normal range of 35-45 mm Hg may minimise the risk of low CBF due to hypocarbia which could theoretically be harmful in patients known to be at risk of both short term and long term cerebral dysfunction. PMID- 3152293 TI - Quality circles and health promotion planning. PMID- 3152295 TI - Promoting adolescent health: the need to model positive skills and challenge assumptions. PMID- 3152294 TI - Assessment methods and procedures in corporate health programs. PMID- 3152296 TI - Guidelines for conducting smoking cessation programs. PMID- 3152297 TI - Student drug use and driving: a university sample. PMID- 3152298 TI - Teaching skills for healthy lifestyles. PMID- 3152299 TI - Techniques for working with mildly handicapped students in the secondary health education classroom. PMID- 3152301 TI - Helping college students understand the older adult. PMID- 3152300 TI - Actions teach better than words: teen life theater and role play in sex education. PMID- 3152302 TI - Male and female sexuality attitudes: differences and similarities. PMID- 3152304 TI - The health educator as counselor: what does it take? PMID- 3152303 TI - A social marketing approach to reducing salt intake. PMID- 3152305 TI - Ten steps to keeping your cool with new computer programs. PMID- 3152308 TI - The smoking policy in the workplace: a justification and a model. PMID- 3152306 TI - An alternate twist to the personal health project. PMID- 3152307 TI - Prevalence and psychosocial correlates of dipping and chewing behavior in a group of rural high school students. PMID- 3152309 TI - Can microcomputers identify differences in health status between different groups? PMID- 3152310 TI - Multivariate analysis of smokeless tobacco use by adolescents in grades four through twelve. PMID- 3152311 TI - Assessing student health interests. PMID- 3152313 TI - Ideas for a school health club. PMID- 3152312 TI - A continuing professional education profile of the Association for the Advancement of Health Education. PMID- 3152314 TI - "Digesting" health information. PMID- 3152315 TI - Drawing interpretations of health. PMID- 3152316 TI - Assessing lifestyle health risk reduction program needs. PMID- 3152317 TI - Evaluation of a heart health education curriculum for preschoolers, parents, and teachers. PMID- 3152318 TI - Sex education and the educational administrator: a Canadian health educator's perspective. PMID- 3152319 TI - Using microcomputers to develop a personalized health fitness student workbook. PMID- 3152320 TI - Networking health educators: the Massachusetts experience. PMID- 3152321 TI - A national survey of occupational health programs in federal government agencies. PMID- 3152322 TI - Relationship between employees' health risk appraisal scores and their serum lipoproteins: results from a worksite health promotion program. PMID- 3152324 TI - AAHE directory of institutions offering specialization in undergraduate and graduate professional preparation programs in school and community health education: 1987 edition. PMID- 3152323 TI - Health education research in the workplace. PMID- 3152325 TI - Adolescent perceptions of stressful life events. PMID- 3152326 TI - Teaching idea. "Hey! How did that baby live in that test tube?". PMID- 3152327 TI - Teaching idea. "Can a bike run on beer". PMID- 3152328 TI - Teaching idea. Personal health via community health. PMID- 3152329 TI - Modeling and health behavior: strategies for prevention in the schools. PMID- 3152331 TI - The internship seminar. PMID- 3152330 TI - An instructional module on testicular cancer for adolescent males. PMID- 3152332 TI - Reducing hospital stress through a health education field experience. PMID- 3152334 TI - A suggested behavior change activity for school health education. PMID- 3152333 TI - Health decisions and evidence. PMID- 3152335 TI - Cognitive reinforcing strategies: the lighter side. PMID- 3152336 TI - Ecominnea: a strategy for teaching environmental health. PMID- 3152338 TI - Sexual responsibility: examining relationships. PMID- 3152337 TI - Health interest inventory. PMID- 3152339 TI - Sex education bowl game. PMID- 3152340 TI - Transactional analysis applied to family living. PMID- 3152341 TI - Using the forced choice ladder in sexuality education. PMID- 3152342 TI - Developing awareness among junior and senior high school students of the cost of a child. PMID- 3152343 TI - Sing a song in the key of H for health. PMID- 3152344 TI - A penny for your thoughts. PMID- 3152345 TI - Functional reading for health education. PMID- 3152346 TI - Guidelines to assist classroom teachers in designing and implementing student involvement techniques. PMID- 3152347 TI - Special issue on teaching ideas. PMID- 3152348 TI - Discovery box. PMID- 3152349 TI - Thinking about the heart. PMID- 3152350 TI - Political knowledge and participation of health education students. PMID- 3152351 TI - Exercise, eating, estrogen, and osteoporosis. PMID- 3152352 TI - Practices and attitudes toward caffeinated and non-caffeinated beverages. PMID- 3152353 TI - A comparative study of the effectiveness of the relaxation response and personalized relaxation tapes in medical technology students. PMID- 3152354 TI - Second Delbert Oberteuffer Symposium in Cincinnati, 1986. PMID- 3152355 TI - Research and evaluation: an overview. PMID- 3152356 TI - Challenges and directions in research and evaluation training: a focus on school based settings. PMID- 3152357 TI - Ethical issues: questions in search of answers. PMID- 3152358 TI - Health education: perspectives in poetry. PMID- 3152359 TI - Measurement dilemmas in school health education. PMID- 3152360 TI - Increasing the impact of school health promotion programs: emerging research perspectives. PMID- 3152361 TI - An historical look at a contemporary question: the cervical cap. PMID- 3152362 TI - The evaluation of an integrated cardiovascular health education and government course in a secondary school. PMID- 3152364 TI - Assessment of a worksite safety belt promotion program. PMID- 3152363 TI - A framework for the planning of health education programs: health interests and practices. PMID- 3152365 TI - Glycogen, diet, and the athlete. PMID- 3152366 TI - Professional training for corporate wellness personnel: survey results from practicing professionals. PMID- 3152368 TI - RAPP: content analysis of Health Education, 1984 and 1985. PMID- 3152367 TI - Using college students as senior peer teachers in youth-to-youth health education. PMID- 3152369 TI - RAPP: a multi-component evaluation readership assessment. PMID- 3152370 TI - Community-school collaboration for the control of viral encephalitis. PMID- 3152371 TI - What we need and don't need in health education--1986. PMID- 3152372 TI - Handwashing practices among various school age students. PMID- 3152373 TI - Poor, rural blacks: health status, locus of control, and health education needs. PMID- 3152374 TI - Clarifying bioethical issues through health education activities. PMID- 3152376 TI - Racial differences in the perception of contraception option attributes. PMID- 3152375 TI - Problem base learning: a teaching technique to enhance skills for problem solving. PMID- 3152378 TI - Adolescent loneliness: a priority for school health education. PMID- 3152377 TI - Implementation of the teenage health teaching modules: a case study. PMID- 3152379 TI - Contraceptive knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of black adolescent males attending a predominantly black university. PMID- 3152380 TI - Sources of drug and alcohol information among rural youth. PMID- 3152381 TI - Breast cancer and mammography: summary of the educational impact of a low-cost mammography program. PMID- 3152382 TI - A measure of social support for health-related behavior change. PMID- 3152383 TI - Digging for healthy hearts: a simulated archaeological dig for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. PMID- 3152384 TI - Guidelines for effective school health education to prevent the spread of AIDS. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. PMID- 3152385 TI - Predictiveness of sonographic fetal weight estimation as a function of prior probability of intrauterine growth retardation. AB - We evaluated the predictiveness of sonographically estimated fetal weight as a function of the estimation of probability of having intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) before obtaining an ultrasound scan (prior probability). The value of the estimated fetal weight resided more in its high specificity than in its sensitivity, hence in its ability to confirm that the fetus is normal. The predictiveness of the method was further enhanced when the fetal weight estimation was placed in the context of the prior probability of IUGR. In particular, the positive predictive value of the test as well as the likelihood of having a growth-retarded infant in spite of an estimated fetal weight within the normal range were considerably higher as the prior probability of IUGR increased. Since the obstetrician using all available evidence is likely to form a rather good estimate of the possibility of IUGR before ordering a scan, this improvement in the predictiveness of estimated fetal weight through a Bayesian approach can be advantageously applied to ultrasound analysis and can effectively support clinical decision making. PMID- 3152387 TI - Simple adnexal cysts diagnosed by ultrasound in postmenopausal women. AB - Thirty simple adnexal cysts in postmenopausal women detected by sonography were followed prospectively. The cysts were totally anechoic or with at most two septations. Size varied from 2 cm to 8 cm, but one was as large as 17 cm. Only seven were discovered at the pelvic examination prior to the scan. Fifteen underwent surgery and no malignant tumor was found. The remaining 15 were followed by sonography only. Six lesions had disappeared after one month, altogether 12 had disappeared after seven months. After two years, only two 2-cm cysts remained. The results indicate that surgery on simple adnexal cysts may not be necessary but they should be followed by sonography. PMID- 3152386 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of urethrovesical junction in women with stress urinary incontinence. AB - An ultrasonic evaluation of the bladder base and urethrovesical junction, at rest and during stress, using a transrectal probe, was performed on 24 continent and 67 incontinent patients. Forty-four of the incontinent patients had clinical and urodynamic diagnoses of stress urinary incontinence and 23 patients had detrusor instability incontinence. Thirty-eight of the 44 patients (86%) with urodynamically and urethroscopically proven genuine stress urinary incontinence and a weak urethral sphincter had a urethrovesical junction (UVJ) drop during stress of greater than or equal to 1 cm (mean 1.3 cm +/- 0.6 cm), as demonstrated on transrectal ultrasonic evaluation. All 23 patients with detrusor instability and 22 of the 24 continent (control) patients had UVJ drop on straining of less than 1 cm (mean 0.48 cm +/- 0.23 cm and 0.54 cm +/- 0.29 cm, respectively, p less than 0.05). The sensitivity of ultrasonic evaluation of women with stress urinary incontinence (when 1-cm drop of UVJ is considered as the upper boundary of normal) was 86% and the specificity was 91%. This ultrasound technique is quick, simple, and appears to be accurate. We believe this technique should be considered in the preoperative evaluation of women with stress urinary incontinence. PMID- 3152389 TI - Ultrasonography of rotator cuff tears: a review of 500 diagnostic studies. AB - Ultrasonography of the rotator cuff has been shown to be of value in diagnosing rotator cuff tears. This report summarizes our experience with our first 500 diagnostic examinations. All patients were examined in the hyperextended internal rotation view with commercially available high-resolution real-time ultrasound equipment. Patients were diagnosed as having a rotator cuff tear if a focal echogenic lesion or a defect within the rotator cuff was identified. This study confirmed the value of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity all exceeded 90%, and correlated with surgical findings. This was better than arthrography in the same patient population. Ultrasound is an accurate noninvasive method of examining the rotator cuff for the presence of tears. We suggest that rotator cuff ultrasonography is the procedure of choice for the diagnosis of tears if adequate instrumentation is available. PMID- 3152388 TI - Echogenic forms of hydatid cysts: sonographic diagnosis. AB - Of 167 patients with abdominal hydatidosis, 29 showed a total of 36 hydatid cysts in which ultrasound demonstrated an overall echogenic appearance. The following ultrasound characteristics of an abdominal mass suggest the diagnosis of hydatid cyst: round or oval shape, well-defined borders, partial wall calcification, peripheral cystic structures, internal echogenic linear formations, snow storm and/or hyperechogenic internal echo pattern, and posterior acoustic enhancement. A comparative study with computed tomography has also been carried out in 10 of these cysts. Pathologic correlation in most cases allows us to postulate that this appearance represents an overly mature, probably ruptured, hydatid cyst. PMID- 3152390 TI - Fetal teratomas: antenatal diagnosis and clinical management. AB - Four cases of fetal teratomas arising from the sacrococcygeal and oropharyngeal areas are reported. The diagnosis, method of management, and grade of tumor are compared with previous experience in the literature. Pharyngeal lesions carry a worse prognosis for survival compared to the more common sacrococcygeal type (SCT). Atraumatic delivery and early repair of the lesion contribute to prolonged survival and lack of complications in cases of sacrococcygeal teratomas. PMID- 3152391 TI - Sonographic examination of the adult brain. AB - Phased-array real-time transcranial ultrasound with a 2.5-MHz transducer was used to examine 23 normal adult volunteers and patients, and 8 selected patients with abnormalities proven by computed tomography. Normal cerebral landmarks were consistently seen and pulsed Doppler signals were often obtainable from central cerebral arteries. Dilated lateral ventricles, subdural hygromas, or cerebral masses were identified in 6 of the 8 patients. In the 2 others abnormal cases, known suprasellar aneurysms were missed. While current technology will not provide accurate screening for cerebral abnormalities, ultrasound imaging may often be adequate for follow-up examinations and for midline evaluation, and may provide simplified preoperative localization of some brain lesions. Doppler ultrasound examinations may be used for intracranial vessel hemodynamic evaluation. PMID- 3152392 TI - Vasa previa. PMID- 3152393 TI - Enlargement of adrenal glands preceding adrenal hemorrhage. PMID- 3152394 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis of acute scrotal hemorrhage in Henoch-Schonlein purpura. PMID- 3152395 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis of perforation of the gallbladder: real-time application and the demonstration of a new sonographic sign. PMID- 3152396 TI - Circumference measurements in obstetrical ultrasound: ellipse vs. arithmetic mean. PMID- 3152397 TI - Congenital cerebrospinal fluid-containing intracranial abnormalities: a sonographic classification. AB - Ultrasound is useful as a primary modality for diagnosis of complex nonhydrocephalic intracranial malformations. We present 10 cases of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid containing abnormalities that may be diagnosed by ultrasound. Congenital abnormalities presented include holoprosencephaly, hydranencephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum with interhemispheric cyst, porencephaly, schizencephaly, and arachnoid cyst. Ultrasound may be used in the fetus or neonate in detecting and separating these abnormalities from hydrocephalus. PMID- 3152398 TI - Significance of scrotal calcifications detected by sonography. AB - A total of 468 patients were evaluated using a high-resolution scanner with a high-frequency transducer. Scrotal calcifications were diagnosed by sonographic criteria in 22 patients. Size, number, arrangement, and especially location (testicular or extratesticular) were precisely determined. Calcifications, located within testicular parenchyma, particularly if multiple and grouped, were considered highly suspicious for malignancy, and surgery was mandatory. Based on these sonographic features, 9 patients underwent surgery with pathological examination. In all, calcifications were confirmed and found in 4 necrotic germ cell tumors, in a germ-cell tumor scar but with intratubular occult seminoma, in 1 epidermoid testicular cyst, in 1 tuberculous epididymo-orchitis, in 1 granulomatous orchitis, and at last, in 1 ruptured testis with an old hematoma. In the 13 remaining patients, calcification was usually defined as solitary, large, and extratesticular by sonography and considered benign. No changes were seen in follow-up examinations. PMID- 3152399 TI - Studies on frequency-dependent attenuation in the normal liver and spleen and in liver diseases, using the spectral-shift zero-crossing method. AB - This report presents results of studies using the spectral-shift zero-crossing method to measure frequency-dependent attenuation (FDA) in normal liver and spleen and in diseased liver. We developed a new system for attenuation analysis that calculated FDA in dB/cm/MHz according to the following equation: (formula: see text). Data are collected from the region of interest on the scan image. Graphite-gel phantoms of known attenuation value are used to create a high degree of accuracy in this new system. Mean attenuation of normal livers was 0.55 +/- 0.05 dB/cm/MHz, while that of normal spleen was 0.37 +/- 0.06 dB/cm/MHz. No correlation between FDA and age could be seen. FDA was 0.81 +/- 0.17 dB/cm/MHz in fatty liver, 0.63 +/- 0.13 dB/cm/MHz in liver cirrhosis, and 0.64 +/- 0.12 dB/cm/MHz in chronic hepatitis. These values are higher than those obtained from normal liver, while tumor masses in the liver (hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, hemangioma) and diffuse infiltration by malignant lymphoma produced lower than normal values, averaging 0.38 +/- 0.08 dB/cm/MHz. PMID- 3152400 TI - FM sonography in gallbladder disease: efficacy and comparison with conventional sonography. AB - A new type of ultrasound signal processing ("FM sonography") appears to be beneficial compared to conventional ultrasound ("AM sonography") in some applications (e.g., diffuse liver disease and prostatic carcinoma). Despite these possible advantages, it is doubtful FM sonography will be widely used unless it is at least as useful as conventional (AM) sonography in all common applications. Fifty-five patients with suspected gallbladder disease were independently evaluated with both AM and FM sonography. The two modalities were blindly and prospectively compared for accuracy in detecting gallstones and for image quality. No statistically significant difference was found between images produced by FM and conventional signal processing. FM had an accuracy of detecting gallstones of 98.1%, compared to 96.2% for AM. Overall, FM accuracy was 97.7%, while AM had an overall accuracy of 97.3%. Other useful sonographic signs were evaluated (gallbladder wall thickness, diameter of common duct). No AM/FM difference was noted. Our data suggest that FM-only imaging could be performed in patients with suspected gallbladder disease without loss of accuracy. PMID- 3152401 TI - Fetal weight estimates in diabetic gravid women. AB - Fetal weight in utero was estimated sonographically within one week of delivery in 70 live-born fetuses of diabetic gravidas. The best estimates of weight were obtained with formulas dependent on biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference, and femur diaphysis length, and with formulas using the two variables of femur diaphysis length and abdominal circumference. Use of a special formula for the fetus of a diabetic mother was not of additional benefit. Acceptable weight estimates for the macrosomic diabetic fetus were not obtained. PMID- 3152402 TI - Comparison of blood velocity waveform indices recorded by pulsed Doppler and continuous wave Doppler in the umbilical artery. AB - A comparison was made between the AB ratio, resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI), calculated from tracings obtained by pulsed Doppler (PD) and continuous wave (CW) Doppler devices in 14 uncomplicated singleton pregnancies. The AB ratio, RI, and PI were a slightly higher for the CW Doppler compared to the PD system, although not significantly (p = 0.18, p = 0.21, and p = 0.44, respectively). The difference in signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) between the PD and CW Doppler systems was felt to be the reason for the discrepancy in the calculated velocity waveform indices. PMID- 3152403 TI - Observer error in the characterization of hepatic lesions in patients with neoplastic liver disease. AB - Sixteen patients with known neoplastic liver disease underwent 20 ultrasound examinations by two separate teams to determine the level of agreement in the measurement of lesion size and sonographic characteristics. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the observations on lesion size was r = 0.97 (95% lower confidence limit r = 0.96). We conclude that sonographic estimation of the size of neoplastic liver lesions in highly reproducible and that the measurements obtained may be safely incorporated into the criteria of response for cancer clinical trials. PMID- 3152404 TI - Ultrasound demonstration of an intramural leiomyoma of the gastric cardia with pathologic correlation. PMID- 3152405 TI - Ultrasonographic features of mucocele of the appendix. PMID- 3152406 TI - Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of VATER association. PMID- 3152407 TI - Passage of mobile right heart thrombus to the left cardiac chambers: echocardiographic detection and surgical removal. PMID- 3152408 TI - Gallbladder wall varices: diagnosis with color flow Doppler sonography. PMID- 3152409 TI - False knot of the umbilical cord: sonographic appearance and differential diagnosis. PMID- 3152411 TI - Sonographic verification of endotracheal tube position in neonates: a modified technique. PMID- 3152410 TI - Hypoechoic solitary inflammatory polyp of the gallbladder. PMID- 3152413 TI - Molecular properties, genetics, and biosynthesis of Bacillus subtilis succinate dehydrogenase complex. PMID- 3152412 TI - Preparation of two-dimensional crystals of complex I and image analysis. PMID- 3152414 TI - [Beta-D-galactosidase produced in Treponema denticola]. PMID- 3152415 TI - [The effect of glutaraldehyde as a pulp dressing on pulpotomized young permanent teeth of dogs]. PMID- 3152416 TI - PCB's and nutrients in Baffin Island Inuit foods and diets. PMID- 3152417 TI - Assessment of PCBs in Arctic foods and diets. A pilot study in Broughton Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. PMID- 3152418 TI - Whole-body measurements of people in the northern region of Sweden. PMID- 3152419 TI - Cold exposure and xenobiotic metabolism. PMID- 3152421 TI - Ventilatory responses to hypercapnia during tetracaine spinal anesthesia. AB - The effect of spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric tetracaine with epinephrine on resting ventilation and on ventilatory responsiveness to CO2 rebreathing was studied in 10 unpremedicated patients. Resting end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) decreased from 37 +/- 3 mmHg (mean +/- SD) to 34 +/- 2 mmHg after induction of spinal anesthesia (p less than 0.05). Minute ventilation (VE) and occlusion pressure (P0.1) at PETCO2 = 55 mmHg increased during spinal anesthesia from 32.0 +/- 12.9 to 40.2 +/- 17.0 l/min and from 5.0 +/- 1.8 to 8.6 +/- 4.7 cmH2O, respectively. The magnitude of the increase in VE during spinal anesthesia correlated inversely with age. Spinal anesthesia was not associated with significant changes in vital capacity, maximal inspiratory pressure, or the slopes of the lines relating VE or P0.1 to PCO2. These results show increased ventilatory responsiveness to CO2 (a parallel leftward shift of the CO2 response curve) with tetracaine spinal anesthesia. PMID- 3152420 TI - Redistribution of synaptic vesicle antigens is correlated with the disappearance of a transient synaptic zone in the developing cerebral cortex. AB - To examine the distribution of synaptic vesicle antigens during development of the cerebral cortex, antibodies against synapsin I and p65 were used on sections of cat cerebral cortex between E40 and adulthood. In the adult, the layers of the cerebral cortex are immunoreactive for each of these antigens, while the white matter is free of staining. In contrast, the fetal and neonatal pattern of immunostaining is reversed: the cortical plate (future cortical layers) is devoid of immunoreactivity, while the marginal (future layer 1) and the intermediate zones (future white matter) are stained. Electron microscopic immunohistochemistry shows that immunolabeling is associated with presynaptic nerve terminals in the adult and during development. These observations suggest that during development the white matter is a transient synaptic neuropil and that a global redistribution of synapses takes place as the mature pattern of connections within the cerebral cortex emerges. PMID- 3152422 TI - Comparison of intravenous nitroprusside, nitroprusside-captopril, and nitroglycerin for deliberate hypotension during posterior spine fusion in adults. AB - Three techniques for deliberate hypotension (mean arterial pressure, 60 to 70 mmHg) were prospectively compared in adults undergoing posterior spine fusion. Patients received either IV sodium nitroprusside, sodium nitroprusside with oral captopril pretreatment, or IV nitroglycerin. Patient groups were comparable in age, sex, weight, baseline hemodynamic and laboratory parameters, duration of surgery, and duration of hypotension. Absolute blood loss was significantly less in the group receiving nitroglycerin; however, there were no differences between groups when corrected for operative exposure (milliliter per spine segment exposed). Nitroprusside was effective in producing target blood pressure in all patients. Nitroglycerin was ineffective in two patients and two other patients required greater than 20 micrograms/kg/min. Both groups receiving nitroprusside developed significant postinfusion increases in arterial pressure. Blood pressure fell significantly after induction of anesthesia in patients receiving captopril. Cardiac index, heart rate, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, intrapulmonary shunt, and arterial blood gases were comparable and did not change significantly in any group. Systemic vascular resistance fell during infusion in all groups and remained depressed after infusion in patients receiving nitroglycerin. Plasma renin activity was significantly increased in the group receiving captopril due to loss of feedback inhibition of renin release and rose significantly during infusion in those patients receiving nitroprusside alone. There were no complications. Nitroprusside with and without captopril pretreatment was associated with postoperative increases in arterial pressure, although not to hypertensive levels, probably due to loss of captopril activity after single-dose administration. The use of nitroglycerin was limited by lack of potency. There was no demonstrable clinical advantage for any of the three techniques. PMID- 3152424 TI - Density-dependent inhibition of cell growth by transforming growth factor-beta 1 in normal human fibroblasts. AB - We report here that transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced DNA synthesis in normal human fibroblasts in a cell density-dependent manner; no inhibition was seen in sparse cultures, approximately 50% inhibition in confluent cell cultures, and an almost total inhibition in dense cultures. The PDGF-inducible genes c-myc and c-fos were induced also by TGF-beta 1. Simultaneous addition of TGF-beta 1 and PDGF resulted in sustained, rather than transient, expression of c-fos mRNA; c-fos mRNA was detected as long as 24 hr after addition of PDGF and TFG-beta 1. TGF-beta 1 also induced mRNA for the A chain, but not the B chain, of PDGF. Conversely, PDGF induced TGF-beta 1 mRNA in sparse but not in dense cultures. These data indicate the existence of a complex interdependent regulation of PDGF and TGF-beta mRNA expression which is influenced by the cell density. PMID- 3152423 TI - The carbon dioxide rate of rise in awake apneic humans. AB - Currently available estimates of the PaCO2 rate of rise in resting humans with resting lung volume were gathered during general anesthesia. The PaCO2 rate of rise during apnea in awake subjects was determined to acquire a value that may be more applicable to awake, ventilator-dependent, critically ill patients. Clinically, apnea occurs at functional residual capacity. With FiO2 = 1.0, 20 volunteers held their breaths at functional residual capacity for 0, 10, and 20 seconds, and then for as long as possible. They exhaled through an infrared CO2 analyzer after each interval to determine end-tidal pCO2. An estimate of the logarithmic PaCO2 rise during breath holding at functional residual capacity was 7 mmHg during the first 10 seconds (43 mmHg/minute), 2 mmHg during the next 10 seconds (13 mmHg/minute), and 6 mmHg/minute thereafter. In conclusion, PaCO2 increases more rapidly in awake apneic humans than earlier thought. The values reported herein probably are better for estimating duration of apnea in conscious, critically ill patients than are values obtained during general anesthesia. PMID- 3152425 TI - Release of prostacyclin and EDRF from endothelial cells is differentially controlled by extra- and intracellular calcium. AB - The aim of this study was to define the roles of extra- and intracellular Ca++ in the release of PGI2 and EDRF from cultured bovine endothelial cells stimulated with receptor-mediated and receptor-independent substances. The receptor-mediated stimulant bradykinin (10 nM) elicited transient releases of PGI2 (assayed with radioimmunoassay of 6-keto PGF1 alpha) and EDRF (assayed by its stimulatory effect on purified soluble guanylate cyclase). Bradykinin also elicited dose dependent increases in intracellular free calcium [( Cai++], measured with the fluorescent probe indo-1). In the absence of extracellular Ca++ (nominally Ca+(+) free, EGTA 0.1 mM) or in the presence of the intracellular calcium antagonist TMB 8 (0.1 mM), PGI2 release was significantly attenuated. Bradykinin-induced EDRF release was not significantly affected by TMB-8 but was completely abolished in Ca+(+)-free medium. When endothelial cells were stimulated with thimerosal (an inhibitor of the enzyme acyl-CoA-lysolecithin-acyl-transferase; 5 microM), a long lasting release of EDRF and PGI2 was induced, associated with only a slight increase in [Cai++]. Removal of extracellular Ca++ had little effect on [Cai++], completely abolished EDRF release, and did not change PGI2 release. It is concluded that there is a close association between PGI2 release and [Cai++] in bradykinin-stimulated endothelial cells. In contrast to PGI2 synthesis, EDRF production is directly dependent on extracellular Ca++ and independent of [Cai++]. PMID- 3152426 TI - [Comparative study of various methods in the diagnosis of cholestasis in infants]. PMID- 3152427 TI - [Development of acute hepatitis due to virus B. Study of 92 cases]. PMID- 3152428 TI - [Acute viral hepatitis type B: clinical characteristics]. PMID- 3152429 TI - [Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography using a lateral vision gastroscope]. PMID- 3152430 TI - [Clinical use of Oddi's sphincter manometry]. PMID- 3152431 TI - [Does the enzymatic activity of the 1st jejunal ala have zonal variations?]. PMID- 3152432 TI - [Hepatic function in acute malaria]. PMID- 3152433 TI - [Vascular ectasia of the colon in Turner's syndrome: an endoscopic study]. PMID- 3152434 TI - [Foreign body stuck in the esophagus of children]. PMID- 3152435 TI - [Detection using abdominal ultrasound of intrahepatic and/or subcapsular hematoma after hepatic biopsy]. PMID- 3152436 TI - [Abdominal ultrasonography in eruptive diseases]. PMID- 3152437 TI - [Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst: report of a case]. PMID- 3152438 TI - [Necrotizing amebic colitis: report of 6 cases]. PMID- 3152439 TI - [Esophageal diseases in the elderly]. PMID- 3152440 TI - Local texture analysis: an approach to differentiating liver tissue objectively. AB - The usefulness of local textural analysis in identifying diseases of the liver has been evaluated. In comparing two areas texturally, a random distribution of one or several textural parameters indicates identical tissue, whereas a distinct clustering can be used to discriminate between different tissues. Using this procedure, various diseases of the liver were differentiated accurately whereas different images of the same state of the liver were classified as similar with high accuracy. The consistent results with different patients, sections, sample locations and scanner parameter settings demonstrate that these factors have no impact on the characteristics of the resulting pattern used for discrimination and therefore for the final diagnosis. The overall diagnostic accuracy of this method seems better than conventional sonographic evaluation of parenchymal liver disease and at least competitive with other computerized methods described. The most important result clinically seems to be the high accuracy in differentiating between hepatitis and normal liver, which cannot be achieved by conventional ultrasonography. PMID- 3152441 TI - A comparison of two different ultrasound methods for estimating fetal weight in preterm gestations. AB - A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the estimation of fetal weight in preterm pregnancies by use of ultrasound measurements. Two equations for estimating fetal weight, one proposed by Shepard and associates and the other by Hadlock and associates, were evaluated. The ability to estimate fetal weight accurately was evaluated with respect to birth weight and menstrual age. Shepard's equation is associated with a lower mean signed percent error than Hadlock's, when the birth weight is less than 1500 g (4% vs 12%) or when the menstrual age is between 23 weeks to 30 weeks (2% vs 10%). However when the birth weight is between 1500 g and 3500 g, or the menstrual age is between 31 weeks to 36 weeks, Hadlock's equation has a lower mean signed percent error: 1% vs -4% for the birth weight category and 2% vs -3% for the menstrual age category. In preterm gestations both equations estimate fetal age weight with a low mean signed percent error--Shephard's -0.4% versus Hadlock's 6.0%. PMID- 3152442 TI - Doppler echocardiographic approach to the blood flow of the left anterior descending coronary artery. AB - Assessment of flow in the left anterior descending coronary artery by Doppler echocardiography appeared to be possible in some patients in which the coronary artery system might be wide and/or the displacement of the coronary artery might be reduced because of cardiac enlargement or of impaired cardiac function. A study of this possibility was carried out in 78 patients, 20 cases with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 10 with dilated cardiomyopathy, 20 with aortic valve disease, and 28 following valve replacement for aortic valve disease. The anterior interventricular sulcus was a helpful landmark to search for the left anterior descending artery. The characteristic feature of the coronary flow pattern, that the flow ran mainly during diastole, was also helpful in finding the coronary artery. Complementary roles of ultrasonic imaging and Doppler ultrasound evaluation should be emphasized for identifying a thin echo-free space in the sulcus as the coronary artery. The left anterior descending coronary artery was imaged in 26 of the 78 patients. The peak velocity ranged 24 cm/s to 75 cm/s in different patients. Because the present study was carried out in patients with some particular diseases, these results do not indicate that current techniques can be routinely used for assessing the coronary flow. The detection rate will be increased with improvements in image resolution and the Doppler sensitivity. Although the detection rate of the coronary artery was not satisfactory in the present stage, the effect of sublingual administration of nitroglycerin on coronary circulation was noninvasively assessed in some patients, where reduction of the flow velocity by about 27% was observed in real time. PMID- 3152443 TI - Sonographic findings in scrotal brucellosis. AB - Six patients with scrotal brucellosis were ultrasonically examined. All cases were of acute onset. Concomitant involvement of testes and epididymes were noted in all cases except one in which the epididymis was spared. Abnormal sonographic findings consisted of enlargement of the testes and epididymes, nonhomogenous hypoechoic diffuse, or focal echo patterns in all cases and a hydrocele in one case. PMID- 3152444 TI - Dynamic ultrasonography of capsulo-ligamentous knee joint traumas. AB - Ultrasonography was performed on 10 patients with acute posttraumatic conditions of the knee in which X-ray films could exclude the presence of fractures. In 2 of 10 cases, the sonographic picture was normal; in the remaining 8 patients, ultrasonography disclosed capsulo-ligamentous lesions of different degrees of severity that were confirmed by surgery in 5 of 8 cases. The main sonographic signs of articular traumas were abnormal widening of the joint space (7 cases), intra-articular hemorrhage (8 cases), rupture of the medial collateral ligament (4 cases), or irregularity of its structure (3 cases). Ultrasonography is proposed as an effective and simple first-line method for the study of knee joint traumas. It can be performed in all cases presenting with painful joint swelling without radiographical evidence of fractures. PMID- 3152445 TI - Cerebral blood flow velocity waveforms in hydrocephalic fetuses. AB - Pulsed Doppler recordings of intracranial arterial velocity waveforms were made in 9 hydrocephalic fetuses during the second or third trimesters of pregnancy. Normal, increased, and decreased velocity waveform indices could be measured in these cases, and 1 fetus presented retrograde diastolic flow. Cerebral blood flow patterns of hydrocephalic fetuses seem to differ individually from case to case, presenting no uniform waveform type in late pregnancy. There was no obvious correlation between ventricular dilatation and the type of the velocity waveform. PMID- 3152446 TI - Ultrasound-guided catheterization of the subclavian vein. PMID- 3152447 TI - Echocardiographic features of a giant congenital aneurysm of the right coronary artery. PMID- 3152448 TI - In utero ultrasonic detection of fetal arachnoid cyst. PMID- 3152449 TI - Diaphragmatic eventration into the pericardial sac: sonographic diagnosis. PMID- 3152450 TI - Acute perforated appendicitis--an unusual variant simulating acute acalculous cholecystitis. PMID- 3152451 TI - Ultrasound appearance of fallopian tube carcinoma. PMID- 3152452 TI - Ultrasound appearance of adenomyosis mimicking adenocarcinoma in a postmenopausal woman. PMID- 3152453 TI - Intravenous nitroglycerin as a means of improving ischemic tissue hemodynamics and survival. AB - The effects of intravenous nitroglycerin infusion on experimental skin flap survival and fluorescein dye kinetics were studied in animals. Perfusion fluorometry was utilized to examine changes in flap hemodynamics and viability. An improvement in skin flap survival was found in the nitroglycerin-infused animals, whether the nitroglycerin was initiated 30 minutes before or 30 minutes after flap elevation. Dye elimination in the flap appeared to be significantly improved with the drug therapy, indicating an improvement in flap blood flow with nitroglycerin. PMID- 3152454 TI - Combined prostacyclin and thromboxane synthetase inhibitor UK 38485 in flap survival. AB - Thromboxane, a prostanoid derivative, is a central mediator of the progressive dermal ischemia seen in the distal dying flap. Prostacyclin; a vasoactive prostanoid derivative, has been found to enhance ischemic flap survival. This study examines the effects of prostacyclin and UK 38485 (specific thromboxane synthetase inhibitor), separately and combined, in axial flap survival in the pig. Each increased flap survival over control flaps; their combined use demonstrated an even greater flap survival (p less than 0.005). PMID- 3152455 TI - Prolactin secretion in women after plastic breast augmentation and reduction. AB - Prolactin secretion in women undergoing augmentation and reduction mammaplasties was studied by determining serum prolactin concentrations preoperatively, intraoperatively, and for one year postoperatively. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone tests for prolactin secretion were performed in a small subgroup of these patients. The subjects were 7 women undergoing reduction mammaplasty, 13 women undergoing augmentation mammaplasty, and 14 normal control women. Short-term (up to three days postoperatively) but not long-term changes in prolactin secretion were identified. Persistent hyperprolactinemia does not appear to be a common complication of plastic breast operations. PMID- 3152456 TI - [Prostaglandin synthesis by dispersed cells of the rat submaxillary gland]. PMID- 3152457 TI - [Surgery of congenital malformations: ethics and economics]. AB - The author summaries the severity of various congenital malformations based on his experience of 30 years of pediatric surgery. Emphasis is placed on the progress that has been made in the treatment of certain anomalies which, up until recently, were considered beyond surgical management. Most advances of diagnosis in utero and changing social attitudes of such malformations have dramatically modified their acceptance. More recently, however, economic factors must be considered because of rising costs. Public service physicians must become aware of these problems. However the decision of whether or not to treat a malformation based solely on its cost-effectiveness should not rest only on their shoulders. This responsibility is to be shown by Society as a whole. The physician, however, should constantly strive to improve the quality of life that will result from the means put at his disposal. PMID- 3152458 TI - Involvement of arachidonate-dependent lipid mediators and platelet-activating factor in experimental murine contact dermatitis. AB - A 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor (5-LPI) and a platelet-activating factor antagonist (PAF-A) were studied in dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced allergic and croton oil-induced irritant murine contact dermatitis. Both inhibitors, at 1 and 5% concentrations, significantly reduced the ear swelling in allergic dermatitis while irritant dermatitis was far less affected. This suggests that 5 lipoxygenase-dependent mediators and PAF are involved in allergic contact dermatitis and that these mediators play only a minor role in irritant dermatitis. PMID- 3152459 TI - The Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital Neurofibromatosis Clinic model. AB - As subspecialty neurofibromatosis clinics and centers begin to appear in many parts of the United States and elsewhere in the world, it would be worthwhile for some of the earlier clinics to share their experiences in order to facilitate the more efficient establishment of similar clinics in as many locations as possible. In this report, emphasis is placed on the multidisciplinary nature of such a clinic, as well as on the primary roles of geneticists, neurologists, orthopedists, ophthalmologists, pediatricians, nurses and other consultants. PMID- 3152460 TI - Angiomas and von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis. AB - The notion that vascular alterations represent a major feature of the pathogenesis of neurofibromatosis (NF) has been supported by an increasing number of observations. We present data about skin Morgan angiomas in the general US white population and a cohort of patients with NF-1 and their unaffected relatives. Among patients with NF-1, angiomas were significantly more common, but not so among unaffected relatives. The striking nature of skin angiomas in some patients is illustrated by a mother-daughter pair with innumerable lesions of early onset. The mother also had a large venous angioma and a constriction of the siphon of an internal carotid artery. PMID- 3152461 TI - Cardiac abnormalities in neurofibromatosis. AB - Cardiac abnormalities are potentially important features of neurofibromatosis (NF), but they are rarely discussed in this regard. Several literature reviews have suggested that congenital heart defects (CHD) occur with increased frequency in NF, and several isolated case reports have described hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with NF. However, it is not clear whether the occurrence of CHD and HCM in patients with NF is coincidental or representative of an intrinsic, albeit uncommon, manifestation of the disorder. Adequate prospective studies documenting their true prevalence in NF are lacking. As an alternative, we reviewed the available relevant literature and, on that basis, have concluded that there is no clear evidence that CHD occurs with increased frequency among patients with NF, and that no statements can be made about the prevalence of HCM among patients with NF. PMID- 3152463 TI - Schematic representation of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF-1): an aid for patient and family education. AB - A schematic diagram depicting the full spectrum of clinical features of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF-1) is presented. PMID- 3152462 TI - Pathological features of optic nerve and chiasmatic gliomas. AB - This paper reviews optic pathway gliomas in terms of their incidence, gross pathologic features, microscopic features, biological behavior, malignant forms and association with neurofibromatosis. PMID- 3152464 TI - Results of the 1985 membership survey of the 'Vereniging Ziekte Van von Recklinghausen Nederland'. AB - The Vereniging Ziekte Van von Recklinghausen Nederland (VZRN) is a lay organization in The Netherlands dedicated to the dissemination of neurofibromatosis-related information to patients and their families, medical professionals, and the community at large. In 1985, a survey of the membership of the VZRN was conducted. This report presents the results of that survey. PMID- 3152465 TI - National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: neurofibromatosis. Bethesda, Md., USA, July 13-15, 1987. PMID- 3152466 TI - The Neurofibromatosis Clinic of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. AB - The Neurofibromatosis Clinic of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia is a multidisciplinary clinic that provides a setting in which the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis can be made and follow-up of children with neurofibromatosis coordinated. It also offers genetic counseling to affected individuals and families. The Clinic acts as a referral center to the subspecialty disciplines when such specialty services are required. This report outlines the organization and operation of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Neurofibromatosis Clinic. It discusses the protocol used to evaluate the pediatric patient with neurofibromatosis and the importance of continuity of care for the patients and families. PMID- 3152467 TI - Neurofibrosarcoma [corrected] as a complication of NF-1. PMID- 3152468 TI - Patients and helpers of neurofibromatosis in Eire (PHONE): the Irish Neurofibromatosis Support Group. PMID- 3152469 TI - The Neurofibromatosis Support Group of Denmark. PMID- 3152470 TI - NFormation: NF information on-line. PMID- 3152471 TI - Optic pathway gliomas. PMID- 3152472 TI - Isolated optic nerve gliomas in children with and without neurofibromatosis. AB - With the advent of noninvasive neuroimaging of the orbits and brain, many asymptomatic patients with intraorbital optic gliomas have been identified. These children, predominantly with neurofibromatosis, present a therapeutic quandary to the treating physician. There is no consensus regarding either the natural history of intraorbital optic gliomas or the approach treatment. This paper reviews the literature on the treatment of 227 children with intraorbital optic gliomas with surgery, radiation or 'watchful waiting'. Based on this review, an approach to the management of children with intraorbital optic gliomas with and without neurofibromatosis is suggested. PMID- 3152473 TI - Intracranial visual pathway gliomas in children with neurofibromatosis. AB - The association between neurofibromatosis and visual pathway gliomas is well documented. The introduction of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging has heralded a new era in the understanding of visual pathway gliomas. Both of these noninvasive neuroinvestigative techniques have demonstrated extensive abnormalities throughout the visual pathway in children with visual pathway gliomas, especially in those with neurofibromatosis. The clinical significance of these abnormal areas of brain, especially in asymptomatic patients, is unknown. In an attempt to clarify the incidence, natural history, and clinical course of patients with neurofibromatosis and visual pathway lesions, we reviewed our experience with 24 patients managed consecutively at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia over the past 12 years. The patients in this series were compared to 29 children with visual pathway gliomas without neurofibromatosis who were evaluated at our institution over the same period of time. Visual pathway gliomas in children with neurofibromatosis differ from those in children without neurofibromatosis. In general, lesions tended to be more extensive in patients with neurofibromatosis and the clinical course of these patients is more variable. Twelve of the 24 patients with neurofibromatosis in our series had symptoms of progressive disease at the time of diagnosis and underwent treatment with variable results. Twelve children with neurofibromatosis and visual pathway lesions had static lesions at the time of diagnosis and, to date, 3 have developed progressive disease. From our review we can make some recommendations concerning the management of children with neurofibromatosis and visual pathway gliomas, but many questions remain unanswered. Sequential follow up of a large cohort of both asymptomatic and symptomatic children with neurofibromatosis and visual pathway lesions is needed to more definitively outline the best management approach for these patients. PMID- 3152474 TI - Optic gliomas and neurofibromatosis: neurosurgical management. AB - Optic nerve gliomas occur in 5-15% of patients with neurofibromatosis; while many tumors are asymptomatic and stable, others cause significant morbidity and mortality. The availability of modern, noninvasive diagnostic modalities allows earlier diagnosis of this tumor, and even permits close observation as an alternative to therapeutic intervention in selected circumstances. Anterior tumors are best treated by observation, followed by surgical excision and radiation therapy if they enlarge and cause significant visual impairment. Posterior tumors are best treated by diagnostic biopsy and possible debulking, followed by radiation therapy. While chemotherapy appears a promising alternative to radiation therapy, insufficient experience has been obtained to draw any firm conclusions on the merit of this modality. PMID- 3152475 TI - Brain tumors in children with von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis. AB - We determined the frequency of brain tumors in a series of 133 children (18 years of age or younger) with von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis who were patients at the Children's Hospital of Zurich from 1971 to 1987. Twenty-four patients (18%) were found to have intraorbital or intracranial tumors. Twenty patients (15%) had an optic-pathway glioma (OPG), including 15 (11%) with only an OPG and 5 (4%) with both an OPG and a tumor in the posterior fossa or brainstem. Another 4 patients (3%) had a tumor outside of the optic pathways. In most cases, magnetic resonance imaging was superior to computerized tomography in demonstrating these lesions. The results of this survey are comparable to those of other published reports. PMID- 3152476 TI - Management of pregeniculate anterior visual pathway gliomas. AB - Gliomas of the pregeniculate anterior visual pathways comprise about 5% of all intracranial tumors that occur in the first decade of life. Gliomas are the most common primary optic nerve tumor. Diagnosing a glioma of the anterior visual pathways is much easier since the advent of computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); the continuing problem is appropriate management. Improved guidelines for management are suggested based on a review of the literature and the authors' experience. These guidelines include both the need to characterize accurately the location of the tumor and its clinical and radiologic progression, and the imperative to employ active intervention only when there is a specific therapeutic goal that can be used for measuring the success of the treatment. PMID- 3152477 TI - Controversy in the management of optic pathway gliomas. 29 patients treated with radiation therapy at Baylor College of Medicine from 1967 through 1987. AB - The optic gliomas of 29 patients, including 14 with von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF-1), were subjected to X-ray therapy. The data indicate a projected 20-year survival rate of 92% for all 29 patients. Moreover, among the NF-1 patients, 86% were stabilized or improved, while among non-NF-1 patients, only 47% stabilized or were improved. Thus, these data suggest that there are differences in the biophysiological behavior of optic nerve gliomas in patients with NF-1, and, as well, that there is a salutary response to radiation treatment as measured by improvement or stabilization of vision, with and without radiologic evidence of concomitant tumor regression. PMID- 3152478 TI - Possible genetic etiology of damselfish neurofibromatosis: genetic differentiation of bicolor damselfish (Pomacentrus partitus) populations. AB - Variable prevalence rates of damselfish neurofibromatosis (DNF) between Florida Keys reefs have previously been used as evidence against a genetic etiology of DNF in favor of an infectious etiology. Such a conclusion also presumes a genetically homogeneous population, that is, panmixia, throughout the reef system population. In order to address this issue, we conducted a survey of allozyme variation in two closely situated populations of the bicolor damselfish (Pomacentrus partitus) within the Florida Keys. The results suggest that gene flow between these two populations is restricted. Data analyses show significant heterogeneity in allelic frequencies at two enzyme-coding loci (ACO1 and ADH) and a relatively high estimate of genetic distance between samples from Little Grecian Rocks Reef and Grecian Rocks Reef. These preliminary findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the etiology of DNF is genetic. It is of some interest that these results are in contrast to previous studies of genetic differentiation among widely separated populations of coral reef fishes. Sufficient allozyme variation was detected (12 out of 23 loci were polymorphic) to allow for a subsequent rigorous assessment of panmixia in these populations at risk for DNF. PMID- 3152479 TI - Understanding Proteus syndrome, unmasking the elephant man, and stemming elephant fever. AB - Four patients with Proteus syndrome are reported; 3 of the 4 died of unusual causes. Current findings of the syndrome are reviewed, and the present state of its delineation is assessed with emphasis on what is known about natural history. Differential diagnosis includes neurofibromatosis, Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome, Maffucci syndrome, epidermal nevus syndrome, and the combination of Bannayan-Zonana syndrome, Riley-Smith syndrome, and Ruvalcaba-Myhre syndrome, now thought to constitute a single disorder. Conditions that may possibly overlap with Proteus syndrome--encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis and Thanos syndrome- receive special attention. Various suggested diagnoses for the elephant man's disorder are evaluated, and it is concluded that he suffered from Proteus syndrome, not neurofibromatosis. Finally, the psychosocial significance of elephant fever (EF) is discussed, and a plea is made for taking the EF out of NF. PMID- 3152480 TI - Vascular dysplasia of arteries in neurocristopathies: a lesson for neurofibromatosis. AB - In a 15-year-old girl suffering from congenital constipation, megacolon combined with a 'Ranken neuroma' of the rectum and a short aganglionic segment of distal colon was observed. The specific vascular alterations in the region of the Ranken neuroma (which has previously been described in cases of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis) were studied, with an emphasis on immunohistochemical methods. The results suggest that the pericytes are the cells primarily involved in the distinctive alterations of the blood vessels. Respecting the similarities of the location and vascular alterations in the neurocristopathies, von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis and Hirschsprung's disease, to those seen in vascular fibromuscular hyperplasia, the possible pathogenetic relationships of these kinds of vascular malformations are considered. PMID- 3152481 TI - Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis with carcinoid tumor and submucous leiomyomas of the duodenum. AB - We report on a 63-year-old man with von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis who developed a carcinoid tumor in the periampullary region and multiple small-sized leiomyomas in the duodenal wall. A high prevalence of gastrointestinal carcinoids has previously been recognized in patients with von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis, the commonest site of origin being the duodenum or the periampullary region. The association of both conditions seems to be more than casual. Abnormalities in the development of the complex of von Campenhout or high circulating levels of nerve growth factor have been the mechanisms postulated to account for this association. PMID- 3152482 TI - Ventriculomegaly in neurofibromatosis-1. Association with Chiari type I malformation. AB - Two cases of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis with a hitherto unreported association of ventriculomegaly and a Chiari type I malformation are described. Both cases had skeletal abnormalities at the cervicomedullary junction, contributing to neurological symptoms in 1. The literature on nontumor-related ventriculomegaly in neurofibromatosis is reviewed. The Chiari type I malformation should be considered as a cause of nontumoral ventricular enlargement in patients with von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis. PMID- 3152483 TI - Segmental neurofibromatosis (NF-5). AB - Patients who appear to warrant the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis in some sense, but who do not meet the current inclusive criteria for von Recklinghausen disease (NF-1) are uncommon, but not rare. This report describes the clinical findings of 7 such cases and compares them to 32 other cases from the literature. PMID- 3152484 TI - Aqueductal stenosis in neurofibromatosis. AB - Macrocrania (i.e., macrocephaly) is a common manifestation of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF-1), occurring in approximately 30% of patients with this disorder. Megalencephaly is the usual basis for NF-1-associated macrocrania, although obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to a brain tumor or cranial vault dysplasia may occur. We describe 2 patients with NF-1 and aqueductal stenosis documented by CT scan. The incidence of aqueductal stenosis among our patients with NF-1 is 1%. PMID- 3152485 TI - Segmental neurofibromatosis. Case report and review of the literature. AB - Segmental neurofibromatosis (NF) is characterized by the strictly unilateral occurrence of features that are typical of the more ordinary forms of NF (i.e., NF-1, NF-2), including schwannomas, cutaneous or plexiform neurofibromas, and/or cafe au lait spots. That is, these features are found in only one or several dermal segments. We describe a case of a 68-year-old woman affected by neurofibromas restricted to the right lumbar region. After extensive investigations, including magnetic resonance imaging, we could rule out the presence of additional, more widespread lesions. Previous reports of segmental NF are reviewed. PMID- 3152487 TI - Neurofibromatosis in 13th century Austria? PMID- 3152486 TI - Variable expressivity of neurofibromatosis-1 in identical twins. AB - Monozygotic twins with Neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1) who have both concordant and discrepant clinical manifestations are reported. At 7 years of age, both twins were found to have learning disabilities, poor fine and gross motor skills, but different distributions of cafe-au-lait spots, axillary freckling, and iris Lisch nodules; only twin A was found to have multiple neurofibromas involving the mesentery. Manifestations of mesenteric neurofibromas have not been reported previously to occur this early in childhood; they are an unusual presenting feature of NF-1. PMID- 3152488 TI - The physiology and pathophysiology of eicosanoids in the skin. AB - Eicosanoids may play a role in the pathophysiology of common inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic eczema. Their involvement offers the hope for development of new antiinflammatory drugs for use in dermatopharmacology. On the other hand, new findings also suggest a tissue protective role of prostanoids in skin. In addition, physiological functions of lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids are emerging, which may serve to maintain cutaneous integrity and restore normal skin structure after injury. PMID- 3152489 TI - Prostaglandin synthetase inhibition and formation of lipoxygenase products in immunologically challenged normal human lung parenchyma. AB - Normal human lung parenchyma, passively sensitized with an hyperimmune serum, releases eicosanoids from the cyclo-oxygenase pathway and from different lipoxygenases (5-, 12-, 15-HETE) upon anti-IgE challenge. Prostaglandin D2 represents almost 50% of the total arachidonate metabolites whereas, among sulphidopeptide leukotrienes, LTE4 is the one present in larger amounts. Pretreatment of the passively sensitized tissue with indomethacin (1.5 X 10(-5) M) inhibits cyclo-oxygenase by more than 90% without a concomitant shift of arachidonate metabolism towards leukotriene formation. PMID- 3152490 TI - Thioredoxin and related proteins in procaryotes. AB - Thioredoxin is a small (Mr 12,000) ubiquitous redox protein with the conserved active site structure: -Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys-. The oxidized form (Trx-S2) contains a disulfide bridge which is reduced by NADPH and thioredoxin reductase; the reduced form [Trx(SH)2] is a powerful protein disulfide oxidoreductase. Thioredoxins have been characterized in a wide variety of prokaryotic cells, and generally show about 50% amino acid homology to Escherichia coli thioredoxin with a known three-dimensional structure. In vitro Trx-(SH)2 serves as a hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase, an essential enzyme in DNA synthesis, and for enzymes reducing sulfate or methionine sulfoxide. E. coli Trx-(SH)2 is essential for phage T7 DNA replication as a subunit of T7 DNA polymerase and also for assembly of the filamentous phages f1 and M13 perhaps through its localization at the cellular plasma membrane. Some photosynthetic organisms reduce Trx-S2 by light and ferredoxin; Trx-(SH)2 is used as a disulfide reductase to regulate the activity of enzymes by thiol redox control. Thioredoxin-negative mutants (trxA) of E. coli are viable making the precise cellular physiological functions of thioredoxin unknown. Another small E. coli protein, glutaredoxin, enables GSH to be hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase or PAPS reductase. Further experiments with molecular genetic techniques are required to define the relative roles of the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems in intracellular redox reactions. PMID- 3152491 TI - Disorders of histogenesis: the neurocutaneous syndromes. AB - MRI is uniquely suited to demonstration of the wide array of brain abnormalities in the neurocutaneous syndromes, due to its ability to provide previously unattainable neuroanatomic information on T1-weighted images and its extreme sensitivity to changes in water content of brain structures on T2-weighted images. It therefore is assisting physicians in better understanding the full expression of these heritable disorders, such as the extent of optic pathway involvement in optic nerve glioma, the presence of hamartomas in TS, and abnormal myelination in Sturge-Weber syndrome. It may in the future have a role in genetic counseling in TS. CT provides complimentary information to MRI in the evaluation of intracranial pathology in the neurocutaneous syndromes. Bone abnormalities and abnormal states of calcification may at times still be better evaluated by CT. Additionally, CT is a less expensive means of following existent abnormalities over time. PMID- 3152492 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic experience in 151 consecutive protocolized cases with vertigo syndrome of cervical origin. Comparative study of a cinnarizine and dihydroergocristine combination with a cinnarizine and dihydroergocristine plus anti-inflammatory agents combination]. PMID- 3152493 TI - Megavoltage radiotherapy: 1937-1987. Proceedings of a conference. 3-5 September 1987, London. PMID- 3152494 TI - The one million volt X-ray therapy equipment at St Bartholomew's Hospital, 1936 1960. PMID- 3152496 TI - The radiobiology of human tumour cells. PMID- 3152495 TI - Quality assurance in radiotherapy. PMID- 3152497 TI - Ocular radiotherapy: a review of current management. PMID- 3152498 TI - A review of total body irradiation. PMID- 3152499 TI - Precision in megavoltage radiotherapy. PMID- 3152500 TI - The development of megavoltage X-ray therapy at St Bartholomew's Hospital. PMID- 3152501 TI - Radiation injury to abdominal organs. PMID- 3152502 TI - Current status of electron therapy--clinical and physical aspects. PMID- 3152503 TI - The place of radiotherapy in modern paediatric oncology. PMID- 3152504 TI - Radiation therapy as primary treatment of cancer of the breast. PMID- 3152505 TI - Fractionation--a review of the clinical data. PMID- 3152506 TI - Current concepts of dose fractionation in radiotherapy. Normal tissue tolerance. PMID- 3152507 TI - Response predictors in radiotherapy: a review of research into radiobiologically based assays. PMID- 3152508 TI - Development of individual growth curve standards for estimated fetal weight: I. Weight estimation procedure. AB - In this investigation the weight estimation procedure of Rossavik was reassessed with particular emphasis on parameter estimation and performance over a wide weight range. Using a cross-sectional data set (193 patients), a longitudinal data set (20 patients), and an iterative procedure, parameter estimates were obtained based solely on regression analysis. Comparison of weight estimates obtained using a function based on these parameter values with actual birth weights indicated virtually no systematic errors over a 250-g to 4750-g weight range and random errors (+/- 1 SD) of 10% to 13% below 200 g and 6% to 8% above 2000 g. The weights of small- and large-for-gestational age fetuses were systematically overestimated (4.1%) and underestimated (-3.0%), respectively, but systematic errors were not found in average-for-gestational age fetuses. No differences in random errors were seen in these three growth categories. Comparison with other weight estimation procedures indicated that the Rossavik procedure gives weight estimates that are at least as accurate as those obtained with other methods over a wide range of weight and growth categories. However, the Rossavik procedure can be used to generate individual growth curve standards for weight estimates, a characteristic not shared with other weight estimation procedures. PMID- 3152509 TI - Phasic flow in the left ventricular inflow tract: the importance of Doppler sample volume position. AB - Variability of Doppler transmitral flow was studied in 42 normal patients (aged 19-68 years). Starting at the mitral annulus level (ANL) in an apical four chamber view, the sample volume was moved downstream at 1-cm intervals. At all positions, peak early (E) and later atrial mediated (A) diastolic velocity were measured, and the distance from the transducer to the level with the highest E wave (HEL) and highest A wave (HAL) determined. The A/E ratio and time velocity integral (TVI) at ANL, HAL, and HEL were also calculated. Peak E velocity at HEL was 33% higher than at ANL (p less than 0.01) and peak A velocity was 15% higher at HAL than at ANL (p less than 0.01). The A/E ratio was minimal at HEL and maximal at ANL (0.68 +/- 0.28 vs 0.85 +/- 0.32, p less than 0.01), whereas TVI was highest at HEL and lowest at ANL. Thus, inflow parameters vary along the inflow axis. This is of importance for cardiac output measurement. The A/E ratio was more dependent on age than on sample volume position. PMID- 3152510 TI - Ultrasound scanning as a screening technique for hydatidosis in developing countries. AB - This study presents new evidence as to the usefulness of ultrasound scanning in field conditions, to screen out hydatidosis in endemic areas, and to compare its detection capability with serological methods. It also intends to demonstrate that for an efficient rural ultrasound screening, neither an experienced ultra sonographer nor expensive and sophisticated equipment is necessary, it can be done by suitably trained personnel (eg, nurse, public health worker), using basic equipment, without public health installations or electricity, thus making it a feasible, simple, fast, and cheap screening method for hydatidosis. PMID- 3152511 TI - Ultrasonic measurement of fetal blood velocity wave form as a secondary diagnostic test in screening for intrauterine growth retardation. AB - Based on routine fetometry screening at 32 weeks of gestation, 80 out of 3226 singleton pregnancies were suspected of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and 72 of them were subjected to repeated fetal blood flow measurements by Doppler ultrasound for evaluation of the fetal condition. The maximum blood velocity wave form recorded from the fetal descending aorta and umbilical artery was classified as normal or abnormal depending on the presence or absence of positive end-diastolic blood flow. Compared to the pregnancies with normal fetal blood flow, the group of 30 pregnancies with abnormal blood flow patterns had significantly more pregnancy complications and more operative deliveries for fetal distress. In the latter group, all newborns but one were small-for gestational age and had low 1-min Apgar scores more frequently. Fetal blood flow measurements have a good capacity for predicting unfavorable fetal outcomes and can be recommended for clinical use. The combination of ultrasound screening and Doppler blood flow measurement has reduced the number of pregnancies requiring intensive surveillance. PMID- 3152512 TI - Replaced or right accessory hepatic artery: can ultrasound replace angiography? AB - The accuracy of ultrasonography in detecting the right hepatic artery was prospectively assessed in 128 patients undergoing abdominal angiography. Twenty five (19%) of the ultrasound studies were technically inadequate mainly because of gas superimposition. Of the remaining 103 cases, 14 had a replaced hepatic artery, which was diagnosed in 10 cases with ultrasound (sensitivity 71%). Eighty nine did not have a replaced hepatic artery and the ultrasound assessment was falsely positive in four of them (specificity 96%). Two of the four false negative results could be explained by a stenosis of the superior mesenteric artery in front of the origin of the replaced hepatic artery. Two of the four false positive results could be explained by the presence of a stenosis of the celiac trunk with hypertrophy of the pancreaticoduodenal arteries, one of them being misdiagnosed as a replaced hepatic artery. PMID- 3152513 TI - Ultrasonographic diagnosis of submucosal tumors of the stomach: the "bridging layers" sign. AB - The ultrasonic findings in 14 cases with submucosal tumors and one case with extragastric lymphoma using the fluid-filled stomach method were reviewed to determine the appearance of the stomach wall in submucosal tumors. Two characteristic ultrasound features of submucosal tumors were demonstrated in all 14 lesions except in two located high in the fundus of the stomach. One feature was mucosal bridging layers, i.e., three layers could be seen on the mucosal side of the tumors, and at least two of them continued to layers 1 and 2 of the normal gastric wall. The other was a serosal bridging layer, i.e., layer 5 of the normal gastric wall ran toward the serosal side of the tumor. On the basis of a "bridging layers" sign, we believe a definite diagnosis of submucosal tumor can be obtained from ultrasound images. PMID- 3152514 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis of combined intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy. PMID- 3152515 TI - Common carotid artery aneurysm: ultrasonic diagnosis. PMID- 3152516 TI - Pelvic varices: sonographic and surgical recognition. PMID- 3152518 TI - Risk management: organized dentistry's role and responsibility. PMID- 3152517 TI - A complex cystic abdominal mass: an unusual presentation of Crohn's disease in an anticoagulated patient. PMID- 3152519 TI - The role of risk management in mitigating the professional liability insurance crisis. PMID- 3152520 TI - Covenants not to compete: a historical review. PMID- 3152522 TI - Guidelines for the treatment of "high risk group" and infectious patients. PMID- 3152521 TI - Intensity and duration of amnesia from intravenous midazolam given for sedation. AB - A clinical study was performed investigating the ability of intravenous midazolam to cause amnesia for visual, auditory and painful stimuli presented during surgical removal of third molars. Various stimuli were presented prior to and after administration of a sufficient quantity of midazolam to produce profound sedation. Recall was then tested immediately after, one day, and one week following the surgery. The study found that midazolam produces at least 20 minutes of profound amnesia for all stimuli in 93 +/- 6% of individuals. However, little correlation was found between the dose of midazolam and the duration of amnesia. Anesthesia literally means the loss of sensation. In the clinical dental situation, the principle sensation lost, when using either regional or general anesthesia, is pain perception. Although prevention of pain sensation is the primary reason patients request local anesthesia prior to invasive dental care, for many patients, control of pain only partially prepares them to receive dental care. These patients request the adjunctive use of sedation or general anesthesia, not for further pain control, but rather requiring periodontal or oral/maxillofacial surgery in which such factors as the sight and taste of blood, the noise of bone-cutting equipment, or the pressure placed on the jaws is not eliminated by local anesthetics. Although effective anxiolytic oral, inhalational, or parenteral agents have been available for several decades, patients still usually retain their memory of events occurring during their dental care, particularly anxiety-provoking events. This memory of the uncomfortable portions of dental care stimulates additional anxiety so that patients may procrastinate when dental care is necessary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3152523 TI - NF is more than neurofibromas. PMID- 3152524 TI - Neuropsychological patterns: neurofibromatosis compared to developmental learning disorders. AB - A group of 32 children with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis (VRNF) and school learning problems were compared to a matched sample of learning-disordered (LD) students without known genetic or medical disorders. VRNF children were found to differ from LD children on the frequency of WISC-R verbal-performance IQ discrepancies, on Kaufman's perceptual organization factor, and on specific measures of visual-perceptual functioning. Measures of visual perception were found to be the best predictors of group membership and accurately classified 96% of the LD group and 63% of the VRNF group. VRNF subjects also differed from LD subjects on reading achievement and error patterns on the Continuous Performance Test. It is suggested that the learning problems associated with VRNF might represent a form (or forms) of LD distinct from the category of learning deficits usually associated with 'learning disabilities'. PMID- 3152525 TI - Hereditary intestinal neurofibromatosis. I. A distinctive genetic disease. AB - Intestinal neurofibromatosis without other manifestations of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis was found in a multigeneration family. Neurofibromas were strictly limited to the intestine. Onset of symptoms was delayed until adulthood and some gene carriers remained asymptomatic into their middle or late adult years. One other family with intestinal neurofibromatosis has been described in 1966. No symptomatic male is yet known, although an asymptomatic male in our family is an obligate gene carrier. The gene for intestinal neurofibromatosis may be incompletely penetrant and its expression varies even in symptomatic patients. No male-to-male transmission has been recorded to rule out X linkage. Intestinal neurofibromatosis presents as a distinctive dominant phenotype with an increased risk of intestinal problems including bleeding, intussusception and obstruction. PMID- 3152526 TI - Hereditary intestinal neurofibromatosis. II. Translocation between chromosomes 12 and 14. AB - A translocation was found in members of a family with intestinal neurofibromatosis, a rare dominant disorder phenotypically distinct from von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis. The translocation was reciprocal between chromosomes 12 and 14. Four of 5 family members carrying the gene for intestinal neurofibromatosis had the translocation. This may be due to change alone or linkage of the gene for intestinal neurofibromatosis to one of the translocation breakpoints in chromosome bands 12q13 and 14q13. PMID- 3152527 TI - Avoidable complications of resection of major nerve trunk neurofibromas and schwannomas. AB - Neurofibromas and schwannomas of major nerve trunks may present with a variety of symptoms and other clinical concerns. These include: (1) the question of malignancy, (2) pain and paresthesias, (3) cosmesis, and (4) symptoms and impending problems related to compression of adjacent structures. For these reasons, patients with neurofibromas and schwannomas may have valid reasons for surgery. Precise delineation of the anatomical relationships of the lesions and their location within peripheral nerve trunks is essential for decision making regarding when and how they should be excised; judgement regarding risks vs. benefits must be made carefully. Microsurgical dissection can be utilized to remove some nerve trunk lesions with preservation of most or all motor and sensory functions. An important goal in resecting benign lesions is to avoid sacrificing major motor and sensory functions. Three cases are presented to illustrate these concepts: 2 cases with significant motor loss following partial resection of large neurofibromas involving peripheral nerve trunks and 1 case with a large femoral nerve neurofibroma excised from the nerve trunk with microsurgical dissection, leading to relief of symptoms and complete preservation of motor function. PMID- 3152528 TI - An overview of childhood von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis for parents. AB - Parents of children with von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis often have many questions about the present status and future course of the disease, as well as about the origin of the disorder and attendant recurrence risks. The present article is intended to address many of these questions and to provide explanations in relatively nontechnical language. PMID- 3152529 TI - The myth of six cafe-au-lait spots in the peripheral form of neurofibromatosis. PMID- 3152530 TI - The National Neurofibromatosis Foundation. PMID- 3152531 TI - Mast cells and neurofibromatosis. AB - Mast cells are in close contact with other cells in neurofibromatosis, e.g. neural cells and fibroblasts. Secretory products of mast cells may be important in the regulation of collagen synthesis by fibroblasts and Schwann cells. Newer methods of detecting mast cells by avidin staining of granules and localization of membrane Fc receptors for IgE have been exploited in at least one experimental model of fibrosis (murine chronic graft-versus-host disease). Such approaches should help in understanding parameters involved in modulation of cell growth in neurofibromas. Future directions for the study of cellular dynamics in neurofibromas should include detection of activated (degranulated) mast cells, Schwann cells and effects of mast cell products on collagen gene expression. PMID- 3152532 TI - Guidelines for organizing a comprehensive neurofibromatosis program. AB - As neurofibromatosis receives increasing amounts of attention in both clinical and research terms, there is an even greater need to organize comprehensive neurofibromatosis programs that will capitalize on the advances being made. Based on the experience of the Baylor NF Program, a model for establishing and operating comprehensive neurofibromatosis programs is presented and discussed. PMID- 3152534 TI - Neurofibromatosis: history, nomenclature, and natural history. PMID- 3152533 TI - Diagnosis of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis and the Albright syndrome. Two case reports. AB - We describe two females who were diagnosed as suffering from the Albright syndrome early in childhood. Both have close relatives with neurofibromatosis; it has been established that one of the two, in fact, has von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis, while it remains uncertain if the other one also has this disorder. Apart from the pattern of cafe-au-lait hyperpigmentation, these two patients have several symptoms in common: repeated and spontaneous bone fractures leading to pseudarthrosis, frontal bossing, and kyphoscoliosis. Distinguishing between the two diseases is important for genetic counseling since neurofibromatosis, in contrast to the Albright syndrome, is heritable. PMID- 3152535 TI - Routine cranial neuroimaging of patients with or at risk for neurofibromatosis. PMID- 3152536 TI - Expression of selected growth factors and oncogenes in neurofibrosarcomas complicating von Recklinghausen disease. AB - One neurofibrosarcoma from each of three patients with von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (VRNF) was studied for the expression of selected growth factor genes and oncogenes. Comparative analyses were also performed on four neurofibromas and skin, nerve and muscle specimens from one of the patients with neurofibrosarcoma, an autopsy kidney specimen from a fifth VRNF patient, and normal liver and term placenta specimens from healthy control subjects. Northern blot hybridization techniques were used to analyze the amounts and sizes of mRNA resulting from the expression of eight genes. Insulin-like growth factor I showed a moderate level of expression in normal nerve and lower expression in two neurofibrosarcomas. Insulin-like growth factor II was moderately to heavily expressed in all specimens, and differential splicing patterns were seen. Platelet-derived growth factor showed low levels of expression in all three neurofibrosarcomas, skin, nerve, muscle and normal liver, low to moderate levels of expression in the neurofibromas, and high expression in normal control placenta. Beta-nerve growth factor was expressed at low levels in two neurofibrosarcomas and skin, but was not seen in other specimens. N-myc showed a low level of expression in one neurofibrosarcoma and a neurofibroma, and a higher level of expression in a second neurofibrosarcoma (and in this same subject's skin and nerve). Tissue-type plasminogen activator showed moderate levels of expression in two neurofibrosarcomas and one neurofibroma, but it was not seen in skin, nerve, kidney and normal term placenta specimens. PMID- 3152537 TI - Cell culture studies on neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen). VI. No increased stimulation of cell proliferation by sera from neurofibromatosis patients. AB - The growth-stimulating activity of sera from 10 patients with von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF-1) was compared with that of sera from 10 age- and sex matched healthy donors. Cell cultures derived from peripheral neurofibromas and from skin biopsies of healthy persons were used as indicator cells. Stimulation of 3H-thymidine incorporation increased with the clotting time of the blood samples, reaching a plateau at about 35 h with no decline of activity during the following 48 h. There was no difference between the stimulating activity of sera from the NF-1 patients and that of sera from the healthy donors with either type of indicator cells. This held true when the indicator cells were stimulated during the exponential growth phase or when serum-starved confluent cells were exposed to the various sera. Three NF-1 strains used as indicator cells during this investigation showed a significantly less vigorous response to both types of human sera and to fetal calf serum than the respective control strains. All human sera collected after 42 h clotting time were superior to fetal calf serum with both types of indicator cells. PMID- 3152538 TI - Genetic polymorphism of IgG in the mink. III. Instability of expression and the problem of the genetic control of C gamma-allotypes. AB - Quantitative expression of C gamma-allotype H4 of mink immunoglobulins was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results presented suggest that production of H4 is under specific regulation. the concentration of H4 varies three orders of magnitude (10-10,000 micrograms/ml) from one mink to another. Fifteen percent of the sera of normal minks have the low H4 concentration, undetectable by the standard procedure of double immunodiffusion routinely used to test mink IgG allotypes. However, expression of these 'minor' allotypes may be significantly enhanced by hyperimmunization. Instability of this kind seems to be the main cause of earlier described deviations from Mendelian inheritance of C gamma-allotypes H2, H3 and H4. PMID- 3152539 TI - Genetic polymorphism of IgG in the mink. IV. Identification and genetic control of L3 allotype of the light chains. AB - A new allotype of the mink light chains, designated L3, was identified. This allotype is inherited as a Mendelian character at a frequency of 0.46 in the mink population. Data were obtained indicating that L3 is independent of the C gamma heavy chain allotypes of mink immunoglobulins. The gene L3 is closely linked to a gene encoding L1, another light chain allotype. Alloantigens L1 and L3 are presumably markers of the light chains of two different subtypes. In contrast to L1, which occurs in many mammalian species, L3 is species-specific, i.e., it is a case of light chain polymorphism representative of the whole mink species. PMID- 3152540 TI - Association between Km1 immunoglobulin allotype and pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesians. AB - Allotypes were determined in 121 cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis and 33 healthy controls from Indonesia. It was found that the occurrence of Km1 was significantly lower in patients than in controls (p = 0.011), and that phenotypes lacking G1m (17) and G3m(21) as well as Km1 occurred much more frequently among patients than controls (p = 0.0025). Some evidence for an allotypic influence on the antibody response to mycobacterial antigens was found. A lack of G1m(17) or G3m(21) was associated with increased antibody levels in the IgG2 subclass in control subjects and a lack of Km1 with decreased antibody levels in the IgG4 subclass in patients. PMID- 3152541 TI - Aberrant blood group activities of ABH substances from human gastric linings. AB - Recently it was shown that enzymes specific to blood groups A and B have an inherent function overlapping each other and that under certain in vitro conditions they exhibit a weak activity to synthesize aberrant blood group substance. In an attempt to examine the results of the in vivo activities of these enzymes, we investigated the activities of blood group substances from human materials. After partial purification and concentration of blood group substances, weak B activities were shown in some materials from group A individuals, especially from gastric linings, and weak A activities in group B materials. Weak A and/or B activities in substances from group O persons were recognized. The reciprocal activities were specifically destroyed by blood group decomposing enzymes with enhancement of H activity. These results suggest that the A and B enzymes can utilize the reciprocal nucleotide substrate even under in vivo conditions. The results support the inference that blood group O gene mediated proteins exist and have activities to synthesize A and B structures. PMID- 3152542 TI - [Prostaglandins, platelets and cardiovascular disease]. PMID- 3152543 TI - Antigenicity and immunogenicity of the polyagglutinable antigen of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients agglutinate in antisera against anti-polyagglutinable antigen (PA). Anti-PA antibodies were formed in rabbits when immunization was carried out with bacteria possessing core bound PA, independently of whether the strains were of S or R phenotype. For bacterial agglutination with anti-PA antibodies two prerequisites are essential: the bacterial cell must be of R phenotype and must possess the core-linked PA. In contrast, the PA in the isolated LPS's can be demonstrated in passive haemagglutination for both (S or R) phenotypes, provided the PA is core-linked. Two PA forms have been recognized, one found only in P. aeruginosa species, both in free and bound form. The other one is shared by all members of Pseudomonas genus but is present only in a free, unbound form. PMID- 3152544 TI - Structural relationship between the polyagglutinable antigen and the core polysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - It has been observed that each strain of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa species harbours the so-called polyagglutinable antigen (PA). Some strains may produce it in a form which is linked to the core moiety of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and this type of PA can thus be detected by passive haemagglutination using the isolated LPS as coating antigen. Other strains synthesize PA exclusively in a free form, which is also coextractable with LPS, its presence can, however, be demonstrated by the haemagglutination inhibition test. From a polyagglutinable strain of P. aeruginosa an R-type LPS was isolated having the core-linked PA. This LPS preparation was highly immunogenic with regard to its PA moiety. The core-bound PA seems to exert an immunosuppression on the core region, hence, the polyagglutinable strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients only engender anti-PA antibodies, whereas antibodies against both, side chain and core region of LPS, are not engendered. The mucoid exopolysaccharide also contains the PA which could possibly play an important role in the patient by protecting P. aeruginosa cells against anti-PA antibodies. PMID- 3152545 TI - Definition of meningococcal class 1 OMP subtyping antigens by monoclonal antibodies. AB - The subtypes of meningococci are defined by antigenic determinants on the class 1 outer membrane proteins. The established subtypes, designated by P1 and a number according to the prototype reference strain on which they were first recognized by monoclonal antibodies, includes P1.2, P1.9, P1.15 and P1.16. We have investigated more prototype reference strains, using new monoclonal antibodies, and identified the new subtypes P1.1, P1.6 and P1.1,16. The P1.1,16 epitope is found on both the P1.1 and the P1.16 reference strains, but not on all P1.1 and P1.16 strains and can occur independently from the P1.1 and the P1.16 epitopes. It appears that class 1 outer membrane proteins contain at least two independent subtype-specific epitopes. For clarity, we now redefine P1.1,16 as P1.7, permitting thus the identification of strains of P1.1, P1.1,7, P1.7, P1.7,16 and P1.16 subtypes. It can clearly be expected that more class 1 outer membrane protein determinants will be recognized as more monoclonal typing antibodies are produced. The monoclonal antibodies now available to us can subtype 80-90% of group B and C meningococci; they also react with group A meningococci, but not with other Neisseriae. The immunological dissection of these subtyping antigens will improve our understanding of the relationship between components of the bacteria and the induction or prevention of disease. PMID- 3152546 TI - How is nitrogenase regulated by oxygen? AB - Oxygen can be either beneficial or detrimental for diazotrophy in organisms capable of an aerobic catabolism. It supports the production of a substrate for nitrogenase (ATP), but it can also inhibit the activity and repress the synthesis of this enzyme. Here, aspects of the relevant physiology are reviewed with particular emphasis on those relating to the mechanism of O2 regulation of nitrogenase synthesis. PMID- 3152547 TI - Normal values for lymphocytes and their subpopulations in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals. PMID- 3152548 TI - Preparation of material for control in the counting of leucocytes. PMID- 3152549 TI - Normative values for individual assessment of pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein levels in pregnant women's serum at different weeks of gestation. PMID- 3152550 TI - Clinical importance of some urinary abnormalities in patients with acute viral hepatitis. PMID- 3152551 TI - Experimental study of the cholagogic and choleretic actions of some of the basic ingredients of essential oils on laboratory animals. PMID- 3152552 TI - Organisation of the emergency medical services for the village population of the Plovdiv region. PMID- 3152553 TI - The sick rate in the village population of the Plovdiv region. PMID- 3152554 TI - An investigation of the distribution of some indices characterising sleep and vigilance among students. PMID- 3152555 TI - The functional role of acute phase plasma proteinase inhibitors. AB - Human plasma contains an array of proteinase inhibitors which are utilized in the regulation of a host of biological activities, including coagulation, fibrinolysis, connective tissue turnover, and complement activation. The concentration of several of these inhibitors increase at varying rates in the acute phase state while others remain constant or actually decrease. Increases are presumably an attempt to retain rigid control over certain critical reactions, while decreases are probably due to inhibitor turnover either through consumption during complex formation or inactivation by other endogenous proteinases. Virtually all of these latter reactions take place in a reactive site loop which is an exposed region present in at least eight related serine proteinase inhibitors (Serpins) in plasma. Complex formation and inhibitor inactivation presumably act as signals for inhibitor production and turnover in the acute phase state. However, exactly how this initial stimulus for increased protein synthesis is manifested at the protein level remains to be established. PMID- 3152556 TI - [Lupus anticoagulant and cerebral infarction]. PMID- 3152557 TI - [Cerebrovascular diseases in outpatient neurological care]. PMID- 3152558 TI - [Treatment of motor neuron diseases using intrathecal TRH. Pilot study I]. PMID- 3152559 TI - [von Recklinghausen's disease with a neurofibroma of the external ear]. PMID- 3152560 TI - [Evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of a piracetam plus dihydroergocristine combination in the treatment of vertigo]. PMID- 3152561 TI - [Enteral nutrition in colo-rectal surgery]. PMID- 3152562 TI - Isolation of Mycobacterium species from cases of cervical lymphadenitis. PMID- 3152563 TI - [Antibody levels to B. abortus, B. canis and C. burnetti in the sera of patients with brucellosis-like symptoms]. AB - The serum specimens of patients attending clinics and polyclinics of our hospital and suspected of having brucellosis were evaluated for B. abortus, B. canis and C. burnetti by Wright agglutination, 2ME. TAT (2 mercaptoethanol Tube Agglutination) and KBR (Complement Fixation reaction) tests. A total of 514 sera was examined gram 296 men and 218 women. We detected antibody to C. burnetti 156 (30,39%) of the sera and B. canis in 43 (8.3%) and to B. abortus in 32 (6.2%). PMID- 3152564 TI - [Reproductive immunology]. AB - In this article, immunology of fetoplacental survival in pregnancy and immunologic mechanisms in infertility, abortions and preeclampsia are discussed. Rh incompatibility, pregnancy in renal transplant patients, autoimmune diseases and cancer in pregnancy are also reviewed. PMID- 3152565 TI - [The use of the plasma-thrombin method for diagnosing parasitic diseases]. AB - Four cases of parasitic diseases have been diagnosed by preparing samples with the plasma-thrombin cell block technique. This method has been previously applied for the cytological detection of cancer. The authors want to emphasize that by applying this method to samples obtained from parasitized organs, it is possible to diagnose easily the disease as well as to study, by means of pseudotissural preparations, the tissues response to the parasite and, with follow up samples, the progression of the disease itself. PMID- 3152566 TI - An improvement and simplification in the Gubler-Hoffman method of cDNA synthesis. PMID- 3152568 TI - [Genetic analysis of ribosomal protein S13 and BL18 mutants in Bacillus subtilis]. PMID- 3152567 TI - Contribution of antigen processing to the recognition of a synthetic peptide antigen by specific T cell hybridomas. AB - Most antigens recognized by T cells require unfolding or partial degradation (processing) followed by association with Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. We examined the processing requirements for the presentation of antigen to two T cell hybridomas which recognize the alpha-helical synthetic polypeptide antigen Poly 18, Poly [EYK(EYA)5], in association with I-Ad. Hybridoma A.1.1 responds to EYK(EYA)4 as the minimum antigenic sequence while hybridoma B.1.1 recognizes (EYA)5 sequence. It was found that these hybridomas responded to Poly 18 and to minimum peptide sequences presented by glutaraldehyde and chloroquine treated antigen presenting cells (APC), suggesting that antigen processing is not a requirement for the activation of these cells. The reactivity pattern of hybridoma B.1.1 in the presence of glutaraldehyde fixed APC revealed that antigens containing lysine were presented with much less efficiency than antigens without lysine, suggesting an interaction of these residues with the antigen presenting cell surface. We discuss the possibility that alanine residues in the alpha-helical Poly 18 form a hydrophobic ridge which may be required for appropriate interaction between antigen, the T cell receptor, and MHC molecules. PMID- 3152570 TI - [Exacerbations of periapical inflammation (flare-ups) during endodontic treatment: mechanisms and treatment]. PMID- 3152569 TI - ["Reinforced" glass ionomer cements]. PMID- 3152571 TI - [Effect of orthodontic forces on the periodontium]. PMID- 3152572 TI - [Current views regarding the relationship of head posture and facial morphology]. PMID- 3152573 TI - [Maxillary complete denture opposing mandibular bilateral distal extension partial denture. Combination syndrome]. PMID- 3152574 TI - [Proteases and their inhibitors in rapidly progressive and in juvenile periodontitis]. AB - The purpose of this work was to study the elastase content of PMNs, the elastase alpha1-protease inhibitor complex, and the protease inhibitors in the plasma of patients with periodontal disease as compared with healthy subjects. We examined 11 patients with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP), 15 patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP), and 22 healthy control subjects (HS). Our findings showed a significantly higher value for elastase like protease (ELP) complex in both patient groups than for the control group. In RPP patients, the ELP content of PMNs was below that in healthy subjects. Correlation between the ELP complex and the ELP content of PMN's was significantly positive. No such correlation could be discovered in the LJP group between the quantity of a1Pl and its inhibitory capacity, which may suggest a functional disorder involving the a1Pl of these patients. The imbalance existing between the different protease inhibitors is perhaps an explanation of the extensive tissue destruction occurring in periodontal disease as a result of the unrestrained effect of released granulocyte enzymes in the case of defective inhibition. PMID- 3152575 TI - [Influence of topical application of citric acid solution on enamel and root surfaces on their susceptibility to artificial caries]. PMID- 3152576 TI - [Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma: report of a case]. PMID- 3152577 TI - [Multiple neurofibromatosis]. PMID- 3152578 TI - [Surface tension of some root canal irrigating solutions]. PMID- 3152579 TI - Developmental analysis of grandchildless (gs(1)N441) mutation in Drosophila melanogaster; abnormal formation of pole cells. AB - A detailed examination of the developmental features of abnormal formation of pole cells and a functional analysis of the germ plasma of gs(1)N441 embryos were carried out. The germ plasma is morphologically normal. Embryos in which cleavage nuclei show retarded migration to the posterior pole do not form pole cells. Pole cells, following formation, are abnormally segregated and then intermingled between the blastoderm cell layer but retaining normal morphology and differentiating into functional germ cells. The results of cytoplasmic transplantation experiments indicate the autonomous segregation ability of the mutant polar plasma to form pole cells to possibly be affected. PMID- 3152580 TI - Studies on the sex-specific lethals of Drosophila melanogaster. IX. Characterization of fle(3)100, a female-specific lethal mutation. AB - A female-specific late-lethal mutation, fle(3)100, of Drosophila melanogaster was examined on its effects in XX-XO mosaics, and its interaction with various alleles of sex-determination genes tra-2 and dsx. Mosaic flies homozygous for fle(3)100 appeared at a high frequency (more than 80%) compared to the control heterozygous flies. Mosaics, however, rarely appeared when they had relatively large XX tissues. A significant reduction of the frequency of XX genotype was observed in the second and third abdominal sternites, suggesting the presence of a focus or foci of primary gene action in the internal organ or tissue near these structures on the blastoderm fate map. Chromosomal females doubly homozygous for fle(3)100 and tra-2 or dsx were not rescued. Females homozygous for fle(3)100 as well as those doubly homozygous for fle(3)100 and tra-2 died as pharate adults. Unexpectedly, chromosomal males doubly homozygous for fle(3)100 and tra-2 showed variations in viability ranging from about 20% to 100% depending on the alleles of the tra-2 locus examined. These males also died as pharate adults. PMID- 3152581 TI - Mitomycin C-induced meiotic crossing-over on the interstitial segments in the Chinese hamster heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation. AB - Using Chinese hamsters heterozygous for T(2;10)3Idr and T(1;3)8Idr reciprocal translocations, the authors studied mitomycin C (MMC)-induced crossing-over on the interstitial segments. Marker chromosomes with unequal-length chromatids resulting from crossing-over were clearly detectable, and the frequencies of such marker chromosomes were constant among individual males which were heterozygous for the same reciprocal translocation. The frequency of MMC-induced crossing-over on the interstitial segments increased roughly with increase in dose. These findings, therefore, indicated that marker chromosomes with unequal-length chromatids in translocation heterozygotes may be a useful indicator for detection of the cytogenetic effects of environmental mutagens on germ cells. PMID- 3152582 TI - [Significance of artificial sweeteners in caries prevention]. AB - Sugar substitutes are substances containing calories which taste sweet, but which are not fermented by the microorganisms in the mouth, or are fermented only slightly. Sugar substitutes can reduce the risk of tooth decay above all when contained in sweets consumed between main meals. PMID- 3152583 TI - [Neuroinoma of the palate in a patient with von Recklinghausen's disease. Report of a case]. PMID- 3152584 TI - Direct intrauterine fetal treatment of fetal tachyarrhythmia with severe hydrops fetalis by antiarrhythmic drugs. AB - In cases of non-immune hydrops fetalis caused by tachyarrhythmias, the transplacental passage of antiarrhythmic drugs may be hampered. When this is proven by fetal blood sampling in cases of tachyarrhythmia refractory to transplacental treatment, additional administration of antiarrhythmic drugs into the fetus is necessary and seems to improve the results. Although injections of antiarrhythmic agents in fetal ascites are also highly effective, intravascular administration by sonographic guidance is to be preferred. Then, simultaneous measurements of fetal and maternal drug levels are possible for the evaluation of pharmacokinetics and for monitoring the antiarrhythmic therapy. PMID- 3152585 TI - Cost-effectiveness of including cromolyn sodium in the treatment program for asthma: a retrospective, record-based study. AB - The treatment of chronic mild to moderately severe asthma is expensive for families and for society. Controlling the costs of asthma-related medications, physician visits, emergency room visits, and hospital admissions is therefore an important consideration. A retrospective, record-based study was undertaken to determine the costs of treating asthma in patients for whom cromolyn sodium was included in the routine treatment plan (n = 27) and those for whom treatment did not include cromolyn sodium (n = 26). Significant reductions in the number of emergency room visits and hospital admissions were obtained in patients who were treated with cromolyn sodium. The estimated average cost of emergency room visits was $33 a year for the patients given cromolyn sodium compared with $624 a year for patients in the comparison group. The estimated average cost of hospital admissions was reduced by $1,298 for the cromolyn sodium group compared with a $357 reduction for the comparison group. Computed for the entire course of treatment, the average (+/- SD) daily cost of medications for the comparison group was $0.84 +/- $0.37 versus $0.93 +/- $0.25 for the cromolyn sodium treatment group. Thus dramatic savings in costs of emergency room visits and hospitalizations when cromolyn sodium was included in therapy were effected at a small increase in the overall cost of medications. Analyzed visit by visit, the average daily cost of treatment that included cromolyn sodium decreased while that of the comparison group increased. We conclude that including cromolyn sodium in a regular anti-asthma regimen is a cost-effective and therapeutically effective treatment strategy. PMID- 3152587 TI - Sodasorb PrePak CO2 absorption cartridges. PMID- 3152586 TI - Multicenter comparison of glyburide and glipizide in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - A multicenter, randomized, open-label comparison of glyburide and glipizide was made in 109 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus whose fasting plasma glucose levels had been maintained at less than or equal to 140 mg/dl by tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, or glyburide. After an initial evaluation, patients entered a dose-adjustment phase to establish the optimal daily dose of the assigned drug--glyburide or glipizide--needed to maintain metabolic control. A second evaluation was made at the end of this phase. Patients then proceeded into the maintenance phase, which lasted approximately three months. A final evaluation was made upon completion of or withdrawal from the maintenance phase. Metabolic control was monitored by means of determinations of fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c. Comparative efficacy was assessed in relation to the doses of the respective drugs needed to maintain acceptable metabolic control. Safety was evaluated through reports of adverse effects as well as through laboratory tests and measurements of vital signs at each patient visit. PMID- 3152588 TI - Dryden 10100 disposable CO2 absorbers. PMID- 3152589 TI - [Meningococcal meningitis in Spain (1978-1986). V. A preliminary study of the characterization of non-serotypable strains of N. meningitidis isolated from patients]. PMID- 3152590 TI - Influence of uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid on bilirubin glucuronidation in liver microsomes from normal and spironolactone-treated rats. AB - The formation of bilirubin glucuronides was studied using liver microsomes from normal and spironolactone (SP)-treated rats. Increasing amounts of uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA) were added to the incubation mixture to investigate the influence of this nucleotide on bilirubin glucuronidation. The results demonstrated that microsomal preparations from SP-treated rats had a greater capability for bilirubin glucuronidation than normal microsomes which was mostly produced at the expense of bilirubin diglucuronide (BDG) formation. On the other hand, the increase in UDPGA concentration in the incubation mixture also produced an increase of BDG formation which was more important than that of monoglucuronide. These results support the hypothesis of different subunits in the glucuronyl-transferase moiety with different substrate specificities. In addition, the inducer effect of SP on bilirubin glucuronidation is in agreement to the results obtained in living rats which were described previously. PMID- 3152592 TI - [Seasonal pattern of illnesses seen at the general practice offices of the Social Security]. PMID- 3152591 TI - [Sources of contamination in lead exposure: report of 24 cases of saturnism of various etiologies]. PMID- 3152593 TI - [Analysis of the frequency of diagnoses requiring care in the specialty of dermatology in the ambulatory services of the Social Security: province of the Valencia]. PMID- 3152594 TI - Assay of alpha-D-galactosyltransferase of subgroup B sera. AB - Carriers of weak B antigen were found in three generations of a family. The red cells of the propositus reacted with anti-A human serum and Dolichos biflorus lectin as strongly as normal A1B red cells, but they agglutinated at 8-fold dilution against anti-B human serum (1:128) and did not have a mixed-field agglutination. The red cells of her niece agglutinated at 32-fold dilution against the same anti-B serum and did not have a mixed-field pattern. Her red cells were provisionally designated B2, analogous to A2 of subgroup A. B antigen of the propositus appeared clearly depressed, and she was provisionally designated A1B2. When papain-treated O red cells were used as acceptors instead of untreated O red cells, group A1B2 sera could convert them into B-active cells, which were agglutinated by anti-B human serum. alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity in A1B2 serum was about one-eighth that in normal B serum. PMID- 3152596 TI - [Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis and acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3152595 TI - [Partial epilepsy with benign course in childhood. Functional or organic character]. PMID- 3152597 TI - [Speech blockade as an expression of partial crisis status. Initial manifestation of hyperosmolar diabetic decompensation]. PMID- 3152598 TI - [Infantile partial epilepsy. Is the "organicity" of this type of epilepsy a not very influential factor in its course?]. PMID- 3152599 TI - Distinct mechanisms of c-myc and lymphokine gene expression in an antigen specific T cell clone. AB - Experiments were performed to examine the mechanisms regulating the expression of the c-myc gene and the IL-2 and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) lymphokine genes in an antigen-specific murine T cell clone. IL-2 and the mitogenic lectin, concanavalin A (Con A), as well as the calcium ionophore ionomycin, in concert with phorbol ester, (PMA) enhanced c-myc gene transcription, but by distinct mechanisms as demonstrated by differential sensitivity to inhibition of protein synthesis and by transcriptional run-off assays using c-myc exon 1 and exon 2 probes. Induction of c-myc expression by IL-2, but not lectin or ionomycin plus phorbol ester, was inhibited in the presence of cycloheximide. IL-2 induced the transcription of both c-myc exons 1 and 2, whereas Con A primarily enhanced exon 1 to exon 2 transcriptional read-through. A direct relationship was observed between the level of early c-myc expression following IL-2 stimulation and the magnitude of the subsequent clonal proliferative response. Lymphokine gene expression was enhanced by Con A, but not by IL-2. Induction of the lymphokine genes in this T cell clone was under predominant post-transcriptional control and was sensitive to protein synthesis inhibition. Therefore, mitogenic lectins induce c-myc and lymphokine gene expression via different pathways. PMID- 3152600 TI - Modulation of c-myc oncogene expression by phorbol ester and interferon-gamma: appraisal by flow cytometry. AB - A flow cytometric assay was developed to examine the expression of the cellular myc oncogene in relation to cell cycle in individual cells. C-myc-oncoprotein was detected by indirect immunofluorescence using a purified sheep polyclonal antibody, anti-human-myc. Specific binding of anti-human-myc was measured by flow cytometry. C-myc oncoprotein was detected in 90% of HL-60 and 75% of Daudi cells; human hematopoietic cell lines known to express high levels of c-myc oncogene. However, c-myc protein could not be detected in the REH cell line, normal human peripheral lymphocytes or thymocytes. Nuclear DNA content was measured simultaneously using propidium iodide staining. There was an equal level of c-myc protein in G0/G1, S and G2/M phases. The extent and kinetics of c-myc oncoprotein induction have been determined following phorbol ester, 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol 13 acetate (TPA) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) exposure of both HL-60 and Daudi cells. TPA produced a gradual reduction in the level of c-myc protein and arrested the cells in G0/G1 phase in HL-60 cells. However, TPA failed to reduce c myc protein or to change cell cycle distribution in Daudi cells. Interestingly, c myc protein levels were stimulated by exposure of both HL-60 and Daudi cells to IFN-gamma. The results indicate that flow cytometric assay of oncogene expression is feasible, fast and requires relatively few cells. It also allows for the direct correlation of modulation of oncogene expression with cell kinetics. PMID- 3152601 TI - Deregulation and overexpression of c-fos proto-oncogene in rat renal cell-lines and primary tumors induced by dimethylnitrosamine. AB - Rat renal mesenchymal tumors induced by the chemical carcinogen N dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and cell-lines derived from kidneys of rats after DMN treatment were found to express abnormal steady state levels of c-fos RNA. This overexpression was not found to arise by gene amplification or rearrangement, but the c-fos gene appeared to be deregulated resulting in increased transcription. The consistent nature of this observation suggests a function for c-fos gene overexpression in tumorigenesis of the rat kidney by DMN. PMID- 3152602 TI - [Neurofibromatosis and tumors of the central nervous system (CNS)]. PMID- 3152603 TI - [Significance of skin biopsy in Lafora disease]. PMID- 3152604 TI - Evaluation of effectiveness of 15% EDTA solution for removing smeared layer in enlarged root canal. PMID- 3152605 TI - [Separation of endodontic instruments into the root canal]. AB - One of the most common accidents during extirpation of the pulp and chemicomechanical preparation is breakage of the endodontic instrument in the root canal. In this paper the causes of the instrument breakage are reported. The methods of handling the accident are discussed, as well as the basic rules of prevention. PMID- 3152606 TI - [Osteoblasts. Morphology and biochemical activity]. AB - The purpose of this review is to give the latest knowledge related to the osteoblastic morphology and biochemical activity. We describe the morphological characteristics and functional features and the in vitro study models. Further on we analyze the term "characterization" of osteoblasts with special emphasis to the macromolecules synthesized by them (Type I collagen, non collagenous proteins and alkaline phosphatase). Finally we make reference to the hormones regulating the synthesis of alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 3152607 TI - [Vitamin E and its application to dentistry]. AB - In the present article presented an extensive review on the terminology, chemistry, history, the mode of action and the oral relevance of vitamin E. PMID- 3152608 TI - [Inheritance on commissural lip pits]. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate and to determine the mode of inheritance in commissural lip pits. Fifteen probands and their family members were clinically examined. Afterwards, the pedigrees of the fifteen families were constructed. The study of these pedigrees showed that: 1) The condition usually appeared in several members and in several generations of the same family. 2) Both sexes were affected almost equally. 3) The affected persons were vertically directed in the pedigrees. 4) The condition was transmitted from fathers and mothers to their daughters or sons or both in thirteen pedigrees. Especially, transmission from fathers to sons, was observed in four pedigrees. These findings suggest that commissural lip pits are a genetic disorder exhibiting autosomal dominant inheritance. 5) Gaps in generation were observed in two pedigrees interpreted as reduced penetrance of the responsible gene. The clinical examinations showed that the depth of the pits some times varied among the affected members of the same family interpreted as variable expressivity of the trait. PMID- 3152609 TI - [Comparative immunohistochemical study of lysozyme and lactoferrin in human neonate and adult parotid glands]. AB - Lysozyme and lactoferrin, substances of the non-specific defense system of the salivary glands, were studied in normal human parotid glands of neonates and adults using the immunoperoxidase method. To our knowledge, the immunohistochemical detection and distribution of lysozyme and lactoferrin in neonate parotid glands have not been previously reported. In neonate parotid glands, a monotonous positive reaction for lysozyme was found in the acini, in the intercalated ducts and in a few cells of large ducts. On the contrary, lysozyme was observed mainly in the intercalated ducts of the adult parotid glands. Three staining patterns for lactoferrin were found in neonate parotid glands. The first pattern was identical to that of lysozyme in neonates, the second was similar to that of lactoferrin in adults, and in the third extremely few acinar and intercalated duct cells were positive. In adult parotid glands, lactoferrin was detected in groups of acini and intercalated ducts and rarely striated duct cells. In adult parotid glands, our findings are discussed in correlation with those of other investigators. The results of our study indicate that lysozyme and lactoferrin have an important role in the defense mechanism of neonate parotid gland. There is also a distinct immunohistochemical difference between neonate and adult parotid gland. Since it is known that there is a morphological differentiation of the parotid gland postnatally, it is presumably suggested that an immunohistochemical differentiation also occurs. PMID- 3152610 TI - [Influence of tooth extraction on the CT level in plasma. Influence on the plasma Ca-P levels during the postextraction healing after CT administration]. AB - The constant concentration of calcium ions (Ca2+) in the extracellular fluids can be maintained by two mechanisms; the local and the hormonal one. In the case of the local, a potential Ca2+ balance is achieved between the extracellular space on the one hand and the bones and intertine on the other hand, which may come to concentrations of 7 mg/100 ml. The complete settlement of the Ca2+ level up to the normal limits of 9-11 mg/100 ml of plasma, is achieved by the action of the hormonal mechanism. This acts through a negative ruccessive muctual control. The hormonal mechanism includes the action of basically two hormones, the parathormone (PTH) and the calcitonine (CT). The first one is secreted when the Ca2+ level in plasma decreases, causing the increase of the renal tubular reabsorption of Ca2+, the release of Ca2+, due to the increased absorption in bones and the increased intestinal Ca2+ absorption. By that way the Ca2+ normal level in plasma is resettled. On the other hand, in case of an increase of the Ca2+ level in plasma, the excretion of PTH is restrained whereas CT is secreted, which favours the deposition of Ca2+ on bones restricting their absorption at the same time. In several cases, when there is an organic inability of resettling any change of the Ca2+ balance due to the malfunction of the hormonal mechanism, various drugs are being given for treating the disease. The balance, being achieved this way, may be overtured by several factors such as bone fractures as it has been observed experimentally, and may cause the increase of the Ca2+ concentration in plasma. In the present experimental study, the possibility of a proportional increase in the secretion of the CT after a simple and surgical extraction has been investigated. The possibility of an alteration of the Calcium and Posphate levels in plasma after the supply of CT during certain intervals has also been investigated. The results showed that the extraction does not change the CT levels in plasma. On the other hand the Ca2+ and P levels, are not affected by the external supply of CT, for reasons which are being discussed in the present paper. PMID- 3152611 TI - [Analysis of the oxides and their adherence in precious, high palladium and non precious porcelain dental alloys]. AB - The interfacial oxides formed during the oxidation stage of porcelain dental alloys are of primary importance. The purpose of this study was to identify the type of the oxides in three commercial alloys and to evaluate their adherence with the underlying alloy before and after porcelain application. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of PdO, Fe2O3, FeO, InO, In2O3 (precious alloy), Ga2O3, GaO, PdO, CuO, SnO2 (Hi-Pd) and NiO, Gr2O3, SiO2, MoO2, TiO2, Al2O3 (non precious) in the oxide layers removed from each alloy respectively with a 10% Br solution in methanol. The highest values of tensile strength were obtained from the non-precious alloy oxides which were further enhanced after porcelain fusion. The application of porcelain does not seem to influence metal ceramic bonding. PMID- 3152612 TI - [Value of radiography in diagnosis of central tumours of the jaws]. AB - The radiographic examination is an adjunct and indispensable to the diagnosis of tumours of the jaws and is accomplished to provide images of the internal features of the tumours and the effect of the lesion on the surrounding structures. Radiographic diagnosis is the identification of a lesion based solely on observation of the radiographic features of that lesion without relying on information from any other source. This approach, however, is extremely difficult and on many occasions unreliable, because many lesions will show similar and confusing radiographic features. Consequently, it is necessary to use a more reliable and practical diagnostic approach, which is the radiographic differential diagnosis approach. In this paper presents the radiographic findings which are representative of characteristic features of the tumour and permit general categorisation of lesions. The radiographic data is helpful in these cases to categorise the general nature of the lesion as benign or malignant and the final diagnosis of such lesions is made at biopsy. PMID- 3152613 TI - [Repair of fractured veneers on prosthetic restorations]. AB - The repair of an esthetic prosthetic restoration is a problem which has become of interest to the practicing dentist. Many methods have been devised to repair the fractured veneers. This article is referred to one of these methods which uses light-curing resin as a veneering material and silane as a coupling agent. Some of the silane properties and the hydrolisis of silane are mentioned too. Then the mechanism of adhesion to porcelain and to the metal frame are mentioned and in the end the clinical procedure of the repair. PMID- 3152614 TI - [Use of glutaraldehyde in pulpotomy of deciduous teeth]. AB - The Author reports the results obtained over a period of time with pulpotomy performed on deciduous teeth with the use of a nontamponed 2% solution of glutaraldehyde. Clinical and radiographic follow-up showed a success rate of 97.5% at 6 months and 96% at 12 months. The Author considers that the use of endodontic glutaraldehyde therapy is a valid alternative particularly with regard to formocresol. PMID- 3152615 TI - [Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: a prospective study of 13 cases]. PMID- 3152616 TI - Institutional approaches to costing out nursing. PMID- 3152617 TI - [A clinical evaluation of antimicrobial effectiveness of EDTA as an endosonic irrigant]. AB - Recently the chelating agent EDTA has gained increasing attention by dentists, in view of the facts that it does not produce deleterious or corrosive effect when used as an irrigant for root canal debridement. However, the efficacy of EDTA as an irrigant in clinical practice is still not clear. Therefore, in this study EDTA was adopted as an irrigant alone to evaluate its antimicrobial effect as a reference for subsequent clinical application. One hundred single-root teeth were selected and evenly divided into 4 groups. The root canals were prepared with conventional hand filing or ultrasonic filing respectively and the canals were rinsed singly with either EDTA or distilled water for contrast. The contents of each root canal before and after debridement were cultured in an incubator. The results showed that EDTA with hand filing in 48 hours and with endosonics in both 48 hours and one week had better antimicrobial effect than did distilled water. The results also indicated that EDTA combined with endosonics manifested the best antimicrobial effect among the four groups in this experiment. The above mentioned differences were statistically significant at the level of p less than 0.05 by Fisher's exact test. PMID- 3152618 TI - Effects of glyburide treatment on serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein concentrations and ratios in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were studied in 28 patients with newly detected non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) before and after combined dietary and glyburide treatment. The patients, aged 33 to 67 years and without coronary or other atherosclerotic diseases, displayed fasting blood sugar levels of over 140 mg/dl after four weeks of dietary treatment. Overnight fasting blood samples were collected before the beginning of the trial, after four weeks of dietary treatment, and after four and eight weeks of combined dietary and glyburide treatment. The pretrial levels of total serum cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 and A2, and apolipoprotein B were similar to or even lower than those of nondiabetics; however, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and HDL-C% (the percentage of TC bound to HDL) were significantly lower in the diabetic patients. After combined dietary and glyburide treatment and normalization of blood sugar, apolipoprotein A1 and A2, HDL-C levels, and HDL-C% increased significantly. TC, TG, and LDL-C levels, although not exceeding the normal range, decreased significantly. HDL-C2 and HDL-C3 levels also increased, but the differences did not reach significance. Among the lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein ratios in the patients, only the ratios HDL-C:LDL-C, apolipoprotein A1:apolipoprotein B, and HDL-C: apolipoprotein B increased significantly as a result of the opposing responses of the protective lipoprotein HDL-C and apolipoprotein A1 and the atherogenic lipoprotein LDL-C and apolipoprotein B. The results demonstrate the favorable effects of combined dietary and sulphonylurea drug treatment on lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in NIDDM patients, thereby reducing coronary and atherosclerotic risks. PMID- 3152619 TI - Cost-effectiveness of three transdermal nitroglycerin controlled-release systems. AB - We performed cost-effectiveness analyses of three transdermal nitroglycerin systems--TDN, ND II, and NTS--using data from two studies that compared these systems in terms of adhesive properties, patients' preferences, and skin tolerability. The purpose of our analysis was to determine which system achieved treatment objectives at the lowest cost. On the basis of data from the first of the two studies, the better adhesion and tolerability profile of TDN in comparison with ND II resulted in a savings of 2.8% and 4.4% at the wholesale and retail levels, respectively, for TDN over a four-week period. In a multivariate regression analysis of these data, the savings with TDN increased to 11% at wholesale prices and 12.7% at retail prices. For Study 2, retail and wholesale costs were found to be lower with the NTS patch than with the TDN patch in both the direct comparison and the multivariate analysis. However, extremely high rates of adverse reactions at the site of patch application-42%-and withdrawals due to adverse effects-64%-were noted in the NTS group; the corresponding rates in the TDN group were 2% and 0%. As a result, the cost advantage noted for the NTS patch was eliminated when the superior adhesion and tolerability characteristics of the TDN patch were considered in the analysis of the overall costs to the patient. PMID- 3152620 TI - [Mast cell population in the salivary glands of rats treated with DMBA and castration]. PMID- 3152621 TI - B cell response to portal or systemic endocrine graft drainage in heterotopic pancreas transplantation in the rat. PMID- 3152622 TI - Cyclosporine inhibits prostacyclin production by cultured human endothelial cells. PMID- 3152623 TI - Blockade of T-dependent major histocompatibility complex induction: a key immunosuppressive effect of cyclosporine. PMID- 3152624 TI - Clinically used concentrations of cyclosporine A only partially inhibit interferon-gamma production by activated T lymphocytes. PMID- 3152625 TI - Lymphocyte activation mechanisms and in vitro actions of immunosuppressive drugs: a comparison. PMID- 3152626 TI - Effects of a combined antigen-cyclosporine regimen in four transplantation models. PMID- 3152627 TI - Successful canine pancreaticoduodenal allotransplantation with cyclosporine and gabexate mesilate. PMID- 3152628 TI - Successful 72 hours' preservation of the canine pancreas. PMID- 3152629 TI - Effects of prostaglandin I2 on the viability of a simple cold-stored canine pancreas. PMID- 3152630 TI - In vitro effects of cyclosporine on function of rat kidney mitochondria. PMID- 3152631 TI - Two-color flow cytometric techniques as a diagnostic tool for rejection of renal transplantation. PMID- 3152632 TI - The effect of major histocompatibility complex matching on renal pathology and OKT4/OKT8 (CD4/CD8) ratio in renal allograft rejection. PMID- 3152633 TI - Diagnosis of renal allograft rejection by analysis of infiltrating cell profiles: an assessment of cyclosporine, azathioprine/prednisolone, and triple therapy. PMID- 3152634 TI - Evaluation of class II major histocompatibility complex antigen expression for the differential diagnosis of cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity from kidney graft rejection. PMID- 3152635 TI - Enhancing hamster pancreatic islet isolation by induction of nesidioblastosis. PMID- 3152636 TI - The isolation of purified human islets of Langerhans. PMID- 3152637 TI - Successful transplantation of rat islets isolated by a new method. PMID- 3152638 TI - Effect of transplant site on islet allograft survival in BB rats. PMID- 3152639 TI - Intrathecal transplantation of single pancreatic endocrine cells. PMID- 3152640 TI - Allogeneic transplantation of microencapsulated islets. PMID- 3152641 TI - The response to glycemic challenge of portally and systemically placed fetal islet cell isografts. PMID- 3152642 TI - Cold storage of the canine pancreas prior to islet cell preparation and transplantation. PMID- 3152644 TI - Retransplantation of rat islet allografts following residence in an interim host. PMID- 3152643 TI - Immunogenic properties of fetal mouse proislets. PMID- 3152645 TI - Cyclosporine A immunosuppression of allotransplanted canine pancreatic islets. PMID- 3152646 TI - The effects of immunosuppression on islet transplant function in the dog. PMID- 3152647 TI - Effect of concanavalin A on mouse islet cell transplantation. PMID- 3152648 TI - Pancreatic islet transplantation using H-2 incompatible multiple donors. PMID- 3152649 TI - Allotransplantation of neonatal islets in nonimmunosuppressed normal and diabetic rats. PMID- 3152650 TI - Successful autotransplantation of isolated islets of Langerhans in the cynomolgus monkey. PMID- 3152651 TI - Murine fetal islet transplants influence renal and retinal pathology. PMID- 3152652 TI - Successful islet transplantation in BB rats without chronic immunosuppression. PMID- 3152653 TI - Xenogeneic pancreatic islet transplantation using a millipore diffusion chamber. PMID- 3152654 TI - Augmented survival of purified islet xeno- and allografts with reduced numbers. PMID- 3152655 TI - Intrasplenic hepatocyte transplantation in mammals. PMID- 3152656 TI - An immunosuppressive protocol compatible with the United States kidney transplant diagnosis related grouping. PMID- 3152657 TI - The effect of intraoperative fluid management on the incidence of acute tubular necrosis. PMID- 3152658 TI - Important role for mannitol in the prevention of acute renal failure after cadaveric kidney transplantation. PMID- 3152659 TI - Results of cultured fetal pancreatic islet transplantation in juvenile diabetic patients. PMID- 3152660 TI - Islet cell transplantation in type I diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3152661 TI - Islet cell allo- and xenotransplantation--effect of collagenase-free processing and renal subcapsular site. PMID- 3152662 TI - The principal results of pancreatic islet cell culture transplantation in diabetes mellitus patients. PMID- 3152663 TI - Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy: a safe procedure for biliary anastomosis in liver transplantation. PMID- 3152664 TI - Clinical small intestinal transplantation using cyclosporine A and methylprednisolone. PMID- 3152665 TI - [Diagnostic value of sensitivity tests and endodontic measurements using odotometer]. PMID- 3152666 TI - [Papillary tumor of the pancreas]. PMID- 3152668 TI - [Hereditary pancreatitis: report of a family]. PMID- 3152667 TI - [Value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in cancer of the pancreas]. PMID- 3152670 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux in children: analysis of 101 patients]. PMID- 3152669 TI - [Caustic esophagitis in children. Management and treatment]. PMID- 3152671 TI - [Isolation of Campylobacter pylori from the gastric mucosa by gram stain and culture]. PMID- 3152673 TI - [Gastritis in children associated with Campylobacter pylori]. PMID- 3152672 TI - [Frequency of Campylobacter pylori in gastroduodenal lesions at an outpatient gastroenterology clinic]. PMID- 3152674 TI - A rapid, sensitive and reliable assay for inhibin bioactivity. AB - A rapid 2-day quantitative assay for inhibin bioactivity based on FSH secretion from pituitary cells of immature female rats is described. The bioassay exhibited steeper slopes, improved precision and greater (fourfold) sensitivity compared with a previously established pituitary FSH cell content assay. Whole pituitary glands were used for the preparation of pituitary cells and the method for cell dispersion required a single enzymatic treatment with trypsin. Cells (180,000 viable cells per well) were dispensed into culture media containing inhibin and incubated for 48 h. Media were removed and assayed for FSH by radioimmunoassay. Using a ram rete testis fluid preparation as standard the inhibin dose-response curves of 25 consecutive experiments showed indices of precision of 0.08(mean)[range -0.04 to -0.17] and Finney's G values of 0.017[0.003-0.06]. The mean ED40 was 0.17 units of inhibin activity per well with interassay variation of 16.2% at this point of the dose-response curve. The assay had a practical capacity of 400 wells, permitting the measurement of dose-response curves of at least 40 unknowns with three dose points and triplicate wells per dose. The assay is specific for inhibin-containing preparations from several animal species. Overall, the assay is simple, precise, and sensitive, indicative of its applicability to the measurement of inhibin samples with low inhibin bioactivity and to the screening of large numbers of fractions during inhibin purification. PMID- 3152675 TI - [Clinical trials of cimetidine and metronidazole in gastroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 3152676 TI - [Holistic and individual medical treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 3152677 TI - [Diagnosis and aggressive therapy in caustic esophagogastritis: evaluation of 10 years' experience at the hospital of Lidice]. PMID- 3152679 TI - [Clinical significance of juxtapapillary duodenal diverticula]. PMID- 3152678 TI - [Tumor perfusion with ethanol in advanced carcinoma of the esophagus]. PMID- 3152680 TI - [Juxtapapillary duodenal diverticula]. PMID- 3152682 TI - Annual directory. Arkansas State Dental Association. PMID- 3152681 TI - [Malignant neoplasm of the gastric stump after resection in benign disease: apropos of 14 surgically treated cases]. PMID- 3152683 TI - Guidelines for use of home total parenteral nutrition. A.S.P.E.N. Board of Directors. American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. PMID- 3152684 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of home enteral nutrition]. PMID- 3152685 TI - A new lymphokine different from interferon-gamma induces major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression. PMID- 3152686 TI - Absence of class II major histocompatibility complex antigen induction in cyclosporine A--treated recipients of heart and kidney allografts in the rat. PMID- 3152687 TI - Class II antigen expression on vascular endothelium of the graft in rat heart transplantation. PMID- 3152688 TI - Specificity of induced HLA class II antigens in tubules of renal allografts. PMID- 3152689 TI - Expression of class II antigen: marker for rejection? PMID- 3152690 TI - Induced expression of class II major histocompatibility complex antigens on thyroid but not pancreatic islet allografts following transfer of sensitized LYT2+ T cells. PMID- 3152691 TI - Interferon-gamma stimulates cryptic class II antigen expression in human and pig fetal pancreata. PMID- 3152692 TI - HLA class II profile of a human carcinoma cell line: detection on genomic level and after exposure to gamma-interferon. PMID- 3152693 TI - Prostacyclin modulates inducible major histocompatibility complex products expression in mouse kidney. PMID- 3152695 TI - Expression of HLA in isolated human pancreatic islets and cryopreservation. PMID- 3152694 TI - Class II antigen expression on bronchial epithelium in rat lung allografts is prevented by cyclosporine treatment. PMID- 3152696 TI - Trans-acting regulatory genes influence class I antigen expression. PMID- 3152697 TI - The induction of class II antigens by interferon-gamma and its relevance for the acute rejection of allografts. PMID- 3152698 TI - Local inhibition of major histocompatibility complex class II induction within the graft: an effective way to induce immunosuppression. PMID- 3152700 TI - Isolation of pure and functionally active T4 and T8 cells by positive selection with antibody-coated monosized magnetic microspheres. PMID- 3152699 TI - Regulation by interferon-gamma and methylprednisolone of class II antigenicity and immunogenicity. PMID- 3152701 TI - Allogeneic T lymphocyte clones derived from rejected human kidney produce high levels of a new lymphokine active on murine interleukin 3-sensitive cell lines. PMID- 3152702 TI - Separation of T cell subsets following the injection of UV-irradiated alloantigen in vivo; failure of the lymphokine-dependent subset to reject cultured islet allografts. PMID- 3152703 TI - Dominant role of Mlsa antigens in the induction of unresponsiveness to non-H-2 antigens. PMID- 3152704 TI - Effect of antilymphocyte serum on crude pancreatic islet allograft survival. PMID- 3152706 TI - Molecular analysis of graft survival in renal transplantation by DNA typing of HLA class II antigens. PMID- 3152705 TI - Microcytotoxic HLA typing of cells directly isolated from blood by means of antibody-coated microspheres. PMID- 3152707 TI - Restriction enzyme analysis of HLA class II antigens in renal transplantation. PMID- 3152708 TI - Serotonin antagonism in panic disorder: an open trial with ritanserin. AB - Eleven patients with panic disorder were administered ritanserin, a post-synaptic serotonin S2 antagonist, during a 4 week period at a daily dose of 10-20 mg. The treatment resulted in a decrease in the number of panic attacks, and a diminution of agoraphobic avoidance. The possible practical and theoretical signification of these findings is discussed. PMID- 3152709 TI - Yeast beta-glucanases: a complex system of secreted enzymes. AB - The complement of glucan-hydrolysing enzymes produced by yeast species is considered to be relevant to morphogenesis, since this polysaccharide is the major structural component of the yeast cell wall. beta-glucanase systems of different species consist of both 1,3-beta- and 1,6-beta-hydrolases, which exert their action by either an exo- or an endo-splitting mechanism. The diversity of beta-glucanase systems, even among related species, is striking. The enzymes are produced for export, and the active forms of some of them seem to be generated upon secretion. Genetic approaches and the cloning of the glucanase genes are being used to clarify the biological role of the different enzymes. These also offer a possibility for genetic analysis of the functions related to cell wall dynamics with potential applications in biotechnology. PMID- 3152710 TI - Invasion and intracellular growth of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. AB - Intracellular multiplication of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, a causative agent of scrub typhus, was examined by electron microscopy of specimens prepared at various time intervals after infection of in vitro cultured cells. The sequential morphological growth cycle of the microorganism is presented diagrammatically. PMID- 3152711 TI - [Brain tumors]. PMID- 3152712 TI - [Spontaneous brain hemorrhages]. PMID- 3152713 TI - [Angiomas and aneurysms]. PMID- 3152714 TI - [Stereotactic brain surgery]. PMID- 3152715 TI - [Infantile hydrocephalus and its treatment]. PMID- 3152716 TI - [Work and health protection for women in operating room and intensive care nursing. Position from the viewpoint of the union]. PMID- 3152717 TI - [Reorganization of hospital financing and its effect on nursing care]. PMID- 3152718 TI - [The development of neurosurgery]. PMID- 3152719 TI - [Nursing at a neurosurgical intensive care unit]. PMID- 3152720 TI - [Nursing of patients with head and brain injuries]. PMID- 3152721 TI - [Early rehabilitation after neurosurgery. Possibilities from a physico therapeutic viewpoint]. PMID- 3152722 TI - [Brain injuries]. PMID- 3152723 TI - [The problems of reeducation in nursing for adults]. PMID- 3152724 TI - [Immunological aspects of AIDS]. PMID- 3152725 TI - [Epidemiology and clinical aspects of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)]. PMID- 3152726 TI - [Nursing of AIDS patients]. PMID- 3152727 TI - [Report on the state of nursing of patients with AIDS in the hospital]. PMID- 3152728 TI - [The discussion group "AIDS and Humanity"]. PMID- 3152729 TI - [The AIDS-Help, Cologne and its Mobile Care Center]. PMID- 3152730 TI - [The psychosocial situation and counseling of AIDS patients and HIV-positives. Experiences from the hospital social service]. PMID- 3152731 TI - [Chaplaincy on an AIDS ward]. PMID- 3152732 TI - [Our approach to AIDS and the HIV infected]. PMID- 3152733 TI - [Preventive measures against occupational HIV infection. Recommendations for workers in the health services]. PMID- 3152734 TI - [The child with HIV infection and the child with AIDS]. PMID- 3152735 TI - [Juridical questions about AIDS]. PMID- 3152737 TI - [Changes in nursing]. PMID- 3152736 TI - [The recognition of AIDS as an occupational disease]. PMID- 3152738 TI - [Changes in nursing paradigms]. PMID- 3152739 TI - [Future perspectives in nursing education and continuing education]. PMID- 3152741 TI - Effect of dimethylsulfoxide pretreatment on valproic acid pharmacokinetics in rat. PMID- 3152740 TI - Nutritional support pharmacist. American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. PMID- 3152742 TI - [Sodium cromoglycate versus placebo in histamine provocation in allergic subjects. A double-blind study]. PMID- 3152744 TI - [Treatment of acute leukemia in adults]. PMID- 3152743 TI - Magnesium deprivation or short-term essential fatty acid deficiency in rats: effects on serum lipids, platelet fatty acid composition and arachidonic acid incorporation into platelet phospholipids. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of short-term magnesium or essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiencies on plasma lipids, platelet fatty acid composition and [1-14C] arachidonic acid incorporation into platelet phospholipids. Weanling rats were fed purified diets (casein 20%, sucrose 70.5%, lipid 5%) for two weeks. The control and magnesium-deficient diets included corn oil as lipid source. The EFA-deficient diet included hydrogenated coconut oil. The fatty acid composition of serum lipids confirmed the linoleic acid deprivation in the EFA-deficient group. Significant changes in platelet fatty acid composition occurred in this limited period of time and arachidonic acid incorporation into platelet lipids was markedly increased. Magnesium deficiency induced hyperlipaemia. A significant decrease in the percentage of arachidonic acid in total serum lipids was observed, but fatty acid profile appeared quite different in the two deficiencies. In magnesium-deficient rats, the alteration in fatty acid composition of serum lipids was not associated with similar changes in fatty acid composition of platelet lipids. Arachidonic acid incorporation into platelet lipids was markedly increased in magnesium deficient animals as compared to control group. Relatively more arachidonic acid was incorporated into phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol when magnesium-deficient or EFA deficient animals were compared to the control group. PMID- 3152745 TI - [Fear of death and attitude to suicide. A study among nursing personnel]. PMID- 3152746 TI - [Care of dying patients]. PMID- 3152747 TI - [Death and the self concept of physicians and care givers]. PMID- 3152748 TI - [Support for the dying--assistance in dying, where is the limit?]. PMID- 3152749 TI - [Support for the dying and dignified death. Thoughts on support for the dying from the viewpoint of clinical chaplaincy]. PMID- 3152750 TI - [Encounters with dying AIDS patients. Chances of psychosocial care of severely ill and dying patients with AIDS]. PMID- 3152751 TI - [The care of tumor patients in their terminal stage. Report of experiences after a 3 months practical course at St. Joseph Hospice]. PMID- 3152752 TI - [The social place of dying. A contract between a severely ill patient and a friend]. PMID- 3152753 TI - [Supporting the dying--a chance for our life]. PMID- 3152755 TI - [The binding force of the patients' last will]. PMID- 3152754 TI - [The approach to severely ill and dying children]. PMID- 3152756 TI - [Conditions for the understanding of aging]. PMID- 3152757 TI - [Ethical norms in nursing. Self realization and regard for others]. PMID- 3152758 TI - [Changes in health care and in nursing education for the 21. century]. PMID- 3152759 TI - [Individuality and holistic nursing--new pathways in education]. PMID- 3152760 TI - [Holistic nursing--what is holistic?]. PMID- 3152761 TI - [Nursing the dying patient--a part of care. Dying and support from the viewpoint of nursing]. PMID- 3152762 TI - [Ovulation induction with HMG/HCG in a program of fertilization in vitro (FIV TE): correction and improvement of the estradiol curve in repeated cycles]. PMID- 3152763 TI - Non-thiol-activated cytolytic bacterial toxins: current status. AB - Among non-thiol-activated cytolytic toxins, staphylococcal alpha-toxin, staphylococcal leucocidin, and pseudomonal leucocidin are characterized by their interaction (with susceptible cell membranes) as a biomembrane response modifier. The transmembrane signalling by the receptor-toxin complex follows the activities of membrane-associated enzymes, which lead to changes in membrane ion permeability. PMID- 3152764 TI - Tumour necrosis factor. AB - Tumour necrosis factor was originally thought to kill tumour cells but not normal cells and to be a principal mediator in macrophage-mediated killing of tumour cells. It is now known to have a broad spectrum of additional activity ranging from regulatory effects on normal cells to inhibitory effects on viruses and parasites. PMID- 3152766 TI - Extraction of "deep" components from scalp EEG. AB - In an attempt to delineate the relative contribution of surface versus deep components in the EEG of patients with 3 per second generalized spike-wave discharges and clinical petit mal seizures, a mathematical method was devised which allows the splitting of the EEG into two major subsystems. It is based on the observation that broad electrical fields tend to represent activity at deeper structures while discrete narrow fields centered at one electrode position tend to be of more superficial origin. Since source derivation intentionally suppresses broad potential fields, a differentiation between superficial and deep activity can be achieved by subtracting the source density values from the corresponding electrode potential values. This will provide those aspects of the EEG which are contributed mainly by deep generators. The resultant data can then be subjected to eigenfunction analysis which yields few uncorrelated components. The percentage of contribution of each electrode to the total component thus derived can then be displayed as a topographic map. When this methodology was applied to ictal EEGs of three patients consistent results were obtained. The "deep" data yielded mainly two components with mutually perpendicular directions. PMID- 3152765 TI - Hexa-methyl-propylene-amine-oxime (HMPAO) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in epilepsy. AB - Twenty-eight normal volunteers and 74 seizure patients were investigated with hexa-methyl-propylene-amine-oxime (HMPAO) brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Fifty-four patients suffered from partial seizures and 20 patients had generalized seizures. Indices describing regional tracer distribution (RIs) were calculated in all investigated subjects. Regions whose RI exceeded the mean normal RI +/- 3 SD were defined as abnormally perfused. In normals a significant interhemispheric asymmetry of HMPAO deposition was found, with higher RI values in the right frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital regions. In 59.3% of partial seizure patients abnormal RIs were found. Low RIs were detected predominantly in the frontal and temporal cortex, while elevated RIs were observed predominantly in the anterior basal ganglia. Only in 20% of the cases with generalized seizures, abnormal RIs were found. In one patient an ictal and 3 follow-up SPECT studies were obtained. Here SPECT results indicated transient rCBF changes between the ictal and seizure free state. EEG and SPECT foci were ipsilaterally located in 69.2% of the partial seizure cases. The results indicate that HMPAO brain SPECT is valuable for the detection of rCBF abnormalities in seizure patients and that patients with partial seizures have mostly several abnormally perfused areas in their brains. PMID- 3152767 TI - Financing options in long-term care. PMID- 3152769 TI - Legislation related to long term care. PMID- 3152768 TI - [The use of granulated sugar in the treatment of anterior mediastinitis]. PMID- 3152770 TI - Legislation related to acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 3152771 TI - Legislation affecting long-term care. PMID- 3152772 TI - The complementary role of indium-111 labeled leukocyte imaging, ultrasonography and computed tomography in the evaluation of postoperative infection or abscess. AB - We report our experiences with the combined use of indium-111 labeled leukocyte imaging (In-III WBC scan.), computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US) for evaluation of suspected postoperative infection or abscess, and discuss the complementary roles of these modalities. Postoperative abscesses or infections were diagnosed in 9 of 20 patients. All patients were correctly diagnosed by In 111 WBC imaging and 4 patients could not be diagnosed by US because of bowel gas. One false-positive CT examination and another artifact on CT images due to respiratory movements were obtained. The three modalities were found to be complementary: CT and US were efficient imaging methods for diagnosis and treatment of abscess. In-111 WBC imaging could estimate the activity of inflammation. PMID- 3152774 TI - Direct 19F NMR spectroscopic observation of 5-fluorouracil metabolism in the isolated perfused mouse liver model. AB - A direct analysis of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) metabolism in the isolated perfused mouse liver was carried out using 19F NMR spectroscopy. In livers treated with low (30 mg/kg body weight (b.w.] or high (180 mg/kg b.w.) doses of FUra, with (180 mg/kg b.w.) or without thymidine (dThd), FUra was rapidly catabolized to alpha-fluoro-beta-ureidopropionic acid (FUPA) and alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine (FBAL), the latter usually becoming by far the major catabolite. The first catabolite of FUra, 5,6-dihydro-5-fluorouracil (5FUH2), was never detected both in the liver and in perchloric acid (PCA) extracts. In the latter, it was generally split into three signals, the major one being attributed to 5 fluorouridine-5'-monophosphate. Moreover, when the liver was treated with high doses of FUra and dThd, a signal for fluoronucleoside was observed in the liver, in PCA extracts and in perfusate where it was attributed to 5-fluoro-2' deoxyuridine (FdUrd). The injection of concurrent dThd with the high dose of FUra led to a marked reduction of catabolism due to competitive inhibition of dihydrouracil dehydrogenase. Moreover, a significant formation of FdUrd was noticed whereas 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (FdUMP) was not detected. dThd therefore inhibits the conversion of FdUrd to FdUMP. PMID- 3152773 TI - Intravascular survival of leukemic cells labeled with indium-111-oxine. AB - A method for labeling leukemic cells in vitro with 111In-oxine is described. Intravascular survival data and organ distribution of 111In-oxine-labeled leukemic cells in patients with acute leukemia are presented. No evidence of diminished cell viability or significant elution of the label could be found by the in vitro studies. Disappearance curves of 111In-labeled leukemic cell radioactivity in the circulation were a single exponential with average T1/2 value of 15.3 +/- 2.5 hr (mean +/- SEM), which was found to be prolonged when compared with the results of 4 hematologically normal subjects (7.0 +/- 0.8) and those of previously reported DF32P studies. Migratory patterns of the labeled leukemic cells, obtained by a scintillation camera, demonstrated sequestration in the lungs 5 min after the infusion, and thereafter, the uptake into the spleen and liver gradually increased. We believe that the properties of 111In-oxine might overcome many of the difficulties of studying leukemic cell kinetics with cells labeled with tritiated thymidine. PMID- 3152775 TI - Synergistic effect of macrophage activation and immune serum, especially IgG2, on resistance to infection with Treponema pallidum ssp. endemicum in hamsters. AB - Experimental studies have indicated that macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of syphilis. Whether macrophages alone or with immune serum are ultimately responsible for killing of treponemes is disputed. We have demonstrated that BCG-vaccinated hamsters administered normal serum contained fewer treponemes in the inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes than did the nonvaccinated controls. When BCG-vaccinated hamsters were injected with syphilitic immune serum and challenged with Treponema pallidum ssp. endemicum, treponemicidal activity was enhanced. Treponemicidal activity was also detected in BCG-vaccinated hamsters challenged with treponemes treated in vitro with immune serum and its immunoglobulin fractions, especially IgG2. The immune IgG2 fraction had more treponemicidal activity than did the immune IgG1 fraction and the unfractionated immune serum. Our observations indicate an important synergistic role for macrophages and immune serum, especially IgG2, for elimination of T. pallidum ssp. endemicum from the host. PMID- 3152776 TI - Effect of mass chemotherapy and piped water on numbers of Schistosoma haematobium and prevalence in Bulinus globosus in Kwale, Kenya. AB - From June 1982 to May 1986 in a small village in Kwale, Kenya, we studied seasonal fluctuations in populations of Bulinus globosus, prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection in this snail, and effects of chemotherapy and piped water supply on infection rate of snails. In the perennially-flowing Pemba River, relatively small numbers of snails were collected; they were found only during the hot dry season (December to March). In a tributary stream, the Kadingo River, whose flow ceased at the end of both the cool and hot dry seasons, snail numbers peaked at the end of the cool dry season (October to November) and at the beginning of the hot dry season (January). Large numbers of infected snails were found in the Kadingo River from November to January (short rainy season and beginning of dry season). Selective mass chemotherapy with metrifonate and provision of piped water were begun in February and March 1984. These control measures achieved a significant reduction in the infection rate of snails (P less than 0.001); the annual infection rate for the 2 years before treatment was 9.3% and 13.1%, and for the 2 years after treatment was 3.5% and 3.4%. PMID- 3152777 TI - Efficacy and tolerance of praziquantel in patients with Schistosoma mansoni infection and Symmers' fibrosis: a field study in the Sudan. AB - Ultrasonography was used in a village in the Gezira-Managil scheme in the Sudan to identify patients with Symmers' fibrosis. In a random sample from patients with active Schistosoma mansoni infection, 238 patients were found to have no liver involvement while 59 had Symmers' periportal fibrosis. Patients were treated with a single dose of 40 mg/kg body weight of praziquantel. Six months after dosing, 51% and 58% were cured of the infection with 81% and 84% reduction in egg burden in the Symmers' and non-Symmers' patients, respectively. The drug was equally well tolerated by the two groups. It is concluded that patients with Symmers' fibrosis respond to praziquantel and tolerate the drug in a similar manner to patients without Symmers'. PMID- 3152778 TI - Experimental infection of the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) with Schistosoma mansoni (Kenyan strain). AB - Eleven wild-caught nine-banded armadillos were infected with cercariae of the Kenyan strain of Schistosoma mansoni for 1-25 weeks. Distribution of eggs along and within the gut and liver was similar to that seen in human schistosomiasis. However, egg excretion was poor, eggs were small, rate of infection was low, and the prepatent period was long. From these data it is concluded that Dasypus novemcinctus is an inefficient reservoir host of S. mansoni. PMID- 3152779 TI - Schistosoma mansoni cationic egg antigens (CEF6): immunoserology with oxamniquine treated patients and involvement of CEF6 in the circumoval precipitin reaction. AB - The serologic activity of a cationic fraction (denoted CEF6) of Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen was compared in an ELISA with that of the unpurified soluble egg antigen for the ability to detect human infections and for the prediction of chemotherapeutic success in patients followed up to 5 years post treatment with oxamniquine. The cationic fraction correctly identified 100% of 20 patients as infected with S. mansoni; moreover, 50% (10 of 20) seroconverted to negative by 2 years post-treatment and 100% of 15 patients tested were negative 5 years post-treatment. In general, the cationic fraction was superior to the unpurified soluble egg antigen for the detection of infection and for the prediction of chemotherapeutic success. The cationic fraction also exhibited greater immunologic specificity over the unpurified soluble egg antigen in that the latter exhibited higher titers than the former to antibodies against heterologous parasite antigens (Fasciola hepatica, Clonorchis sinensis, Paragonimus westermani adult worms; Trichinella spiralis larvae). Moreover, rabbit antisera raised against egg antigens isolated from the precipitation formed when fresh S. mansoni eggs are incubated with S. mansoni infection of immunization sera (known as circumoval precipitin reactions or COP) reacted strongly with the cationic fraction in ELISA. In addition, antiserum to the cationic fraction as well as antisera against either of the two antigenic components of this fraction, known as antigens alpha 1 and omega 1, all give positive COP reactions when incubated with fresh S. mansoni eggs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3152780 TI - Induction of resistance to Schistosoma mansoni by immunization with subfractions of worms. AB - Induction of resistance to a Schistosoma mansoni infection was analyzed following injections of glutaraldehyde-fixed parasites or of subfractions prepared from nonfixed parasites killed by repeated freeze-thaw cycles. The parasites were isolated from mice infected 4 weeks previously and the subfractions were prepared by extraction in buffered saline or in detergent. A variety of immunization protocols were conducted in rats and mice. These included different sites of injection, dose size, and number of booster injections; different adjuvants; and the effects of boosting with live infections. Induction of a partial resistance is observed in rats, but has not been achieved in mice immunized by the same procedures. The alum-precipitated detergent-solubilized fraction was superior at lower doses. Exposure of rats to a low dose cercarial infection 3 weeks prior to challenge did not boost the resistance if the rats were already partially resistant through vaccination with worm subfractions in adjuvant. Serum from vaccinated rats transfers partial protection to a challenge infection of naive rats. PMID- 3152781 TI - Examination of the mechanisms of pulmonary phase resistance to Schistosoma mansoni in vaccinated mice. AB - Potential mechanisms causing elimination of lung stage schistosomula were investigated in normal C57BL/6 mice and C57BL/6 mice previously vaccinated with irradiated cercariae. Autoradiography was used to measure the proportion of radiolabeled schistosomula which could be recovered from lung tissue by mincing and incubation. There was no difference between the two sets of mice at each time point, and no substantial diminution in the proportion recovered over the sampling period of 7 to 17 days post-infection. By this in vitro criterion, the emergence of schistosomula from lung fragments was not influenced by inflammation. However, we are unable to rule out the possibility that migration is impeded by inflammation in vivo. The migratory potential and viability of schistosomula recovered after residence in the lungs for increasing lengths of time was assessed by their introduction into the vasculature of naive recipients. The results indicate that significant numbers of schistosomula are capable of maturation, but fail to mature if left in situ in the lungs of both normal and vaccinated mice. No evidence was found that schistosomula suffer cytotoxic injury in the skin, subsequently dying in the lungs, or that they are damaged by the pulmonary inflammatory reactions which develop in vaccinated mice. Schistosomula delivered to the alveoli have a limited capacity to reenter tissues and mature. We suggest that in normal C57BL/6 mice the deflection of parasites into the alveoli during migration is the reason why many fail to mature. In vaccinated C57BL/6 mice a similar but augmented process may account for the elimination of a greater proportion of challenge parasites. PMID- 3152782 TI - Identification, molecular cloning, and expression of a schistosome antigen displaying diagnostic potential. AB - Recombinant DNA techniques were employed to address the problem of specificity in a serodiagnostic test for schistosomiasis. Immunoprecipitation of in vitro translation products of adult Schistosoma mansoni RNA with sera from Egyptian donors revealed that the human IgG response to schistosome proteins is highly heterogeneous, does not correlate with clinical status, and remains essentially unaltered 6 months after chemotherapeutic cure; peptides of 38 and 70 kDa are recognized by sera from patients infected with S. mansoni or S. haematobium but not by sera from individuals harboring other helminth infections. Using serum from C57BL/6J mice acutely infected with S. mansoni, which strongly reacts with these peptides and very weakly with other worm proteins, portions of the 70 kDa peptide were cloned from an expression cDNA library. The value and limitations of using recombinant schistosome antigens in serodiagnostic assays is discussed. PMID- 3152783 TI - Field evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for detection of asymptomatic patients in a hydatid control program. AB - In South America programs to control hydatidosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus include the active search for asymptomatic patients through population surveys for the detection of antibodies against arc 5 antigens using the double diffusion arc 5 test (DD5). Though simple to perform and highly specific, DD5 is not practical for population studies due to the time lapse between testing and receiving results. This work evaluates the application of an enzyme immunoassay to screen sera for subsequent processing using DD5. The efficiency of an enzyme immunoassay screening/DD5 confirmation scheme vs. DD5 alone was compared within the framework of a control program. A total of 5,839 sera from residents of endemic areas was processed and 47 hydatid patients were detected by both schemes. The proposed enzyme immunoassay identified all sera having antibody activity against arc 5 antigens detectable by DD5 and ruled out 95.3% of sera which tested by DD5 would have produced negative results. PMID- 3152784 TI - Epidemic non-A non-B hepatitis in urban Karachi, Pakistan. AB - An outbreak of icteric non-A non-B (NANB) hepatitis occurred in a residential community of urban Karachi, Pakistan, from August 1986 through October 1986. Of the 114 cases reported from this community during the 1986 calendar year, a clustering of 85 cases was seen during the above period. Twenty-seven percent of 226 households and 9% of 1,250 individuals were affected. Five persons were hospitalized and 1 death occurred in a young pregnant woman. Cases occurred predominantly in the less than or equal to 29-year-old age group (72%), with a male:female ratio of 1.8:1. Thirty-four cases occurred singly within households, while in 28 households multiple cases were seen. Analysis of the epidemic curve and intervals of onset of multiple cases within households suggested prolonged common source exposure rather than secondary person-to-person transmission. No single water source was implicated but a contaminated municipal supply was presumed. Information collected from several other communities and from a university hepatitis reference laboratory suggested that the outbreak was part of a larger urban epidemic of NANB hepatitis. Based upon this investigation and data from recently published reports, it is concluded that NANB hepatitis is endemic in Pakistan. PMID- 3152785 TI - Effect of human gamma interferon on yellow fever virus infection. AB - We studied yellow fever virus infection in two species of monkey: Saimiri sciureus (squirrel monkeys) and Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkeys). Human gamma interferon was administered intravenously in five equal doses, one was given 24 hr before infection followed by four doses 24 hr apart. Interferon reduced the levels and duration of viremia and the severity of hepatitis in squirrel monkeys. Interferon prolonged survival time and delayed the appearance of viremia and hepatitis in infected rhesus monkeys, but it did not change overall mortality. PMID- 3152786 TI - The lupus anticoagulant. PMID- 3152788 TI - Mitomycin C. PMID- 3152787 TI - [Antiplatelet effects of nimodipine: synergism with prostacyclin]. PMID- 3152789 TI - Mitomycin C. PMID- 3152790 TI - Histamine metabolism and pinnal hyperaemia during magnesium deficiency in rats. AB - The relation between histamine metabolism and an appearance of pinnal hyperaemia during magnesium (Mg) deficiency, and the effects of some factors on these were studied in 3-week-old Wistar rats. On a Mg-deficient diet (Mg 0.001%), the histamine concentrations in plasma and urine increased after 4-5 d, and reached a maximum after 6-12 d. Pinnal hyperaemia appeared during the same time course. The hyperaemia was reduced by the administration of antihistamines (cimetidine and diphenhydramine). These results indicate that pinnal hyperaemia during Mg deficiency is mediated by histamine. The administration of oestradiol benzoate (0.08 mg/100g body weight subcutaneously once a day for 8 d) and/or gamma-ray irradiation (600 rad/d before experiments) reduced the appearance of pinnal hyperaemia and the increment in the urinary histamine during Mg deficiency. The histamine content increased in the spleen and some tissues after 8 d, but not in the skin, with increasing the activity of histamine synthesis. The treatments mentioned above depressed the increment of histamine content. These results suggest that the pinnal hyperaemia and the increment of the urinary histamine in the Mg-deficient rat are related to the increment of both the histamine synthesis and release. PMID- 3152791 TI - [Serum levels of beta 2-microglobulin in monoclonal gammopathies]. PMID- 3152792 TI - [New etiologic and clinical aspects of non-A, non B viral hepatitis]. PMID- 3152793 TI - [Nitroderivatives. Novelty on old drugs]. PMID- 3152794 TI - Effect of reduced water activity on vegetative growth of cells and on germination of endospores of Sporolactobacillus. AB - Growth of vegetative cells and germination of endospores of Sporolactobacillus at reduced water activity (aw) values were studied with NaCl and glycerol as humectants, and compared with Bacillus cereus and Clostridium sporogenes. With NaCl the highest aw for complete inhibition of both growth of vegetative cells and germinated spores of Sporolactobacillus was 0.955. With glycerol, growth of vegetative cells was completely inhibited at 0.905 as compared to 0.880 for vegetative growth resulting from germinated endospores. The mechanism of this phenomenon cannot be explained yet. NaCl appeared to have a toxic effect, in addition to inhibition by reduced aw per se. PMID- 3152795 TI - Effect of carbon dioxide on growth and extracellular enzyme production by Pseudomonas fluorescens B52. AB - The effect of carbon dioxide (30 mM.l-1) on growth and extracellular protease and lipase production by Pseudomonas fluorescens B52 growing in a simulated milk medium at 7 degrees C in fermenter was investigated. The addition of carbon dioxide was shown to have a differential effect with extracellular enzyme production, particularly lipase, being inhibited to a greater extent than bacterial growth and final cell numbers. PMID- 3152796 TI - Detection of Listeria spp. in faeces from animals, in feeds, and in raw foods of animal origin. AB - Thirty-nine samples of feeds and 79 faecal samples were collected at seven different dairy farms, at some of which the cows were suffering from Listeria mastitis. Faecal samples were also collected from poultry on a dairy farm and from cages used for transportation of poultry to slaughter. Also neck-skin samples were taken from 17 carcasses of dressed poultry, and five samples of scalding and chilling water at a poultry slaughterhouse. Finally, 67 samples of minced beef were collected from retail shops. The overall results show that approximately 82% of the feed samples harboured Listeria spp. and 62% Listeria monocytogenes. The faecal samples showed that 67% harboured Listeria spp. and 51% L. monocytogenes. In the minced beef samples, Listeria spp. could be demonstrated in 67% and L. monocytogenes in 28%. Of the faecal samples from poultry, 33% harboured Listeria spp. and also 33% L. monocytogenes. Listeria spp. were detected in 94% of the poultry neck-skin samples, and L. monocytogenes in 47%. Almost all L. monocytogenes from faeces and feeds agglutinated Listeria antisera against serotypes 1-4, while only 71% of the strains from minced beef agglutinated the same antisera. The high prevalence of positive findings indicates that the isolation method used is suitable for detection of Listeria spp. in heavily contaminated material as well as in foods with low bacterial counts. PMID- 3152797 TI - Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in ground beef. AB - Listeria monocytogenes, due to its association with animals and animal products and its proven pathogenicity, is an organism of potential importance to the meat industry. The survival of L. monocytogenes in ground beef held at 4 degrees C for 2 weeks was investigated. The ground beef was inoculated with L. monocytogenes type 1 or type 4 at a level of 5 x 10(5) to 7 x 10(6) CFU/g and then packaged in either oxygen-permeable or oxygen-impermeable bags. Packages were sampled at random at 0, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 14 days post-inoculation, and assayed for L. monocytogenes counts and pH. The number of L. monocytogenes in ground beef remained constant throughout the sampling period, and survival was not affected by package permeability to oxygen. Listeriae were not isolated from the control ground beef. The pH of the meat increased slightly during storage, but was always in the range of pH 5.6 to 5.9. It appears that L. monocytogenes in ground beef can survive without any substantial increase or decrease in viable cell population during refrigerated storage for 14 days. PMID- 3152798 TI - Influence of lactic starter inoculation, curd heating and ripening temperature on Staphylococcus aureus behaviour in Manchego cheese. AB - Growth and survival of Staphylococcus aureus were investigated in 52 lots of raw ewe's milk Manchego cheese manufactured and ripened under different conditions. A 5.8-fold reduction in S. aureus counts after 60 days of ripening was obtained by inoculating milk with 1% Streptococcus lactis culture, and a further 2.0-fold reduction could be achieved by adding 0.1% Lactobacillus plantarum culture. Curd heating temperature had a significant effect on S. aureus survival, with counts 4 5 times lower in cheese from 30 degrees C curd than in cheese from curd heated at 36-40 degrees C. Ripening temperature was the parameter with the greatest influence on S. aureus counts, which reached in cheese cured at 10 degrees C or 20 degrees C for 60 days levels 10 and 100 times lower, respectively, than in cheese held at 5 degrees C. PMID- 3152799 TI - Microbiological quality and shelf life prediction of chilled fish. AB - A number of storage experiments have been carried out with whole cod and vacuum packed cod fillets stored in ice. The microbiological quality of the fish was determined on the basis of detection time estimated rapidly by conductance assays in a TMAO-containing medium at 25 degrees C. Detection time and sensory data have been incorporated into a predictive linear model to estimate the remaining shelf life of the products. It is concluded that the shelf life of iced whole cod can be predicted using this model but not that of vacuum-packed fillets because of the greater variability of bacterial activity in packaged fish. PMID- 3152800 TI - The occurrence in the U.K. of Listeria species in raw chickens and soft cheeses. AB - Retail samples of 100 raw chickens and 222 U.K. and imported soft cheeses were examined for the presence of Listeria species. 60% of raw chickens (fresh and frozen) were contaminated with L. monocytogenes and 28% with other Listeria spp. including L. welshimeri, L. seeligeri and L. innocua. Six serotypes of L. monocytogenes were represented (1/2, 3a, 3b, 3c, 4b, 4d) of which more than one were isolated from some samples. 10% of the soft cheeses examined were found to contain L. monocytogenes at levels from less than 10(2) cfu/g to 10(5) cfu/g. The incidences in cheeses from various countries were Italy (16%), France (14%), Cyprus (10%) and the U.K. (4%). Only 2 serotypes (1/2 and 4b) were isolated, some samples containing both. L. innocua was the only other Listeria sp. found. There was no correlation between either the contamination with E. coli or the processing of the original milk used to make the cheeses (raw or pasteurized) and the presence of L. monocytogenes or other Listeria spp. The contribution of contaminated food to the epidemiology of listeriosis in the U.K. is discussed. PMID- 3152801 TI - The cell-bound proteinase system of Lactobacillus casei--purification and characterization. AB - The cell-wall crude extract from Lactobacillus casei NCDO 151 was partially purified by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. Three active fractions were eluted. Two major peaks (eluted with 0.05 M and 0.27 M phosphate buffer) were further investigated. Peak I represented enzymatic activity with an optimum temperature of 40 degrees C, an optimum pH of 7.0 and was strongly inhibited by the serine proteinase inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride. Peak II represented an enzymatic activity with an optimum temperature of 45 degrees C, an optimum pH of 7.5 and was totally inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. None of the enzymes was affected by the metal chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at a concentration up to 1 x 10(-2). PMID- 3152802 TI - Histamine formation by enterococci isolated from home-made goat cheeses. AB - A survey was made of the histamine-producing capability of enterococci isolated from goat cheeses. The strains, 130 Streptococcus faecium and 106 S. faecalis, were grown in Trypticase Soy Broth Histidine medium (TSBH) at 35 degrees C for 24 h and the histamine formed was determined by fluorometry. Forty-one (31.5%) of the S. faecium strains and 2 (1.9%) of the S. faecalis strains produced histamine. The largest amount detected was 4.0 micrograms histamine/ml TSBH. Compared with the amounts of histamine produced by some Gram-negative bacteria, the histamine production by enterococci seems to be low. Under the present conditions the enterococci seem to have no relevance from a histamine intoxication point of view. PMID- 3152803 TI - Critical control points for foods prepared in households whose members had either alleged typhoid fever or diarrhea. AB - Hazard analysis of food preparation practices were conducted in four households and eleven others were visited to survey both food preparation practices and environmental conditions. Households selected had members who were suffering from either diarrhea of unknown etiology or alleged typhoid fever. Hazard analyses and sanitary surveys included gathering data on time-temperature exposures of foods, collecting samples of food and drinking water, sampling sewage or drains, and obtaining stool specimens from persons with diarrhea and from family controls. Food samples were tested for aerobic mesophilic colony counts and common foodborne pathogens; specimens were tested for Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter and Yersinia. Campylobacter was isolated from two persons purported to have diarrhea, but neither Salmonella, Shigella nor Yersinia were recovered from alleged cases or controls. Salmonella agona was recovered from a latrine. Most foods were cooked to internal temperatures to or near to boiling. Those not promptly eaten were held at ambient room or outside temperatures until a subsequent meal, until a family member returned home, or until lunch time when taken to the fields. During these intervals, microorganisms multiplied and mesophilic aerobic organisms increased often reaching 10(8)/g or greater before consumption. None of these foods were reheated before eating. Bacillus cereus was isolated from 4 of 10 samples; one sample of 'moro' (beans and rice) exceeded 10(6)/g, two other samples exceeded 10(3)/g. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 7 of 14 samples, one exceeded 10(5)/g. Fecal coliforms were isolated from 8 of 14 food samples, five exceeded 10(5)/g. Neither Salmonella nor Shigella were isolated from any food, the community water supplies or from vessels of water within houses. Fecal coliform counts of water were less than 3/ml, except one sample from a clay vessel (9/ml). Risks associated with cooked foods which were not promptly eaten appeared to be greater than that associated with water. PMID- 3152804 TI - Persistence of Listeria monocytogenes in yogurt as determined by direct plating and enrichment methods. AB - Listeria Selective Isolation Agar (LSI) and Modified Acriflavin Ceftazidime Esculin Agar (MACE) were compared to McBride Listeria Agar minus Blood (MLA-B) for ability to recover Listeria monocytogenes Scott A cells inoculated into commercial yogurt, pH 4.1, Yogurt was stored at 5 degrees C and sampled periodically over a 12 day period. LSI, MACE and MLA-B inhibited the growth of the two yogurt organisms but LSI and MACE gave better inhibition of other separately tested Gram-positive bacteria likely to be present in other fermented foods. Acid-stressed Listeria monocytogenes Scott A cells were optimally recovered by enrichment at 5 degrees C for 5-18 days in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, followed by transfer to tryptic soy broth +0.5% yeast extract at 30 degrees C for 2 days. At low inoculum levels (10(2) cells/g yogurt), they were not detectable by direct plating or enrichment of yogurt after day 0. At high inoculum levels (10(7) cells/g yogurt), they were detectable up to day 6 but not at day 9 by direct plating on MLA-B, LSI or MACE with log counts per gram of yogurt being about 10 fold higher on LSI than on MACE or MLA-B. The above enrichment procedure permitted recovery on MLA-B, LSI, or MACE of viable Listeria cells from the day 9 samples found negative by direct plating. PMID- 3152805 TI - Thermal resistance of Listeria monocytogenes in inoculated and naturally contaminated raw milk. AB - Raw whole milk inoculated with 10(5) CFU/ml of Listeria monocytogenes was thermally processed at 60-72 degrees C for a minimum holding time of 16.2 s with survival being observed at temperatures up to 67.5 degrees C. In addition, milk naturally contaminated with L. monocytogenes serotype 1 (around 10(4) CFU/ml) was pooled for 2 to 2.5 days and then run through an HTST pasteurizer at temperatures ranging from 60-78 degrees C. Viable L. monocytogenes were detected in the temperature range of 60-66 degrees C. No viable Listeria were detected after treatment at temperatures of 69 degrees C and above in any of five trials. Efficacy of pasteurization and widespread use of processing conditions well above the minimum HTST guidelines ensure the absence of Listeria in pasteurized milk products. However, survival of Listeria at sub-pasteurization temperatures (60 67.5 degrees C) is of concern with regard to heat-treated or raw-milk cheeses. PMID- 3152806 TI - A conductance medium to distinguish between Salmonella and Citrobacter spp. AB - Published methods for detecting Salmonella by conductance methods yield some Citrobacter spp. as false positives. A medium is described which, when used in conjunction with selenite-cystine/trimethylamine oxide/mannitol (SC/T/M) resolves this difficulty. It is based on the ability of Salmonella to decarboxylate lysine in the presence of selenite (4 g/l), after pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water supplemented with glucose and lysine for 7-17 h. Salmonella produced a conductance change of 250-400 microS in 24 h with a maximum rate of conductance change of 10-15 microS/10 min. 299 samples were tested and the only false positives were due to Hafnia alvei which gave no conductance response in the SC/T/M medium. Using both media in a two tube system would lead to a rapid clearance of Salmonella negative samples. PMID- 3152807 TI - A comparison of two procedures for the isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from raw chickens and soft cheese. AB - A cold enrichment method and a modified FDA procedure were compared for the isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from raw chickens and soft cheese. L. monocytogenes was isolated from a total of 23 of 222 cheese and 70 of 160 chicken samples by either one or both methods. Neither method alone yielded all isolates from the two food types. Only 12 cheese and 13 chicken samples were shown to be positive by both methods, although the serotypes isolated were not always identical. On some occasions one method yielded L. monocytogenes while the other produced a different Listeria sp. Reasons for differences in the performance of the two procedures and various points of technical interest are discussed. PMID- 3152808 TI - The inhibition of the growth of Bacillus cereus in liver sausage. AB - The growth of Bacillus cereus is a problem in liver sausage especially when the sausages are stored at high temperatures. Even concentrations of greater than 10(6)/g have been detected. In this study we found that when combining glucono delta-lactone, sodium erythorbate and citric acid with sodium nitrite and salt the growth of B. cereus could be delayed or totally inhibited. PMID- 3152809 TI - CML: new biologic therapies, endpoints and questions. PMID- 3152810 TI - Biologic therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - In a study using human IFN-alpha, 36 of 51 patients with chronic phase CML achieved a complete hematologic remission. More significantly, 20 patients showed suppression of Ph-positive metaphases with reappearance of cells with normal karyotype. To date, the authors have treated 44 chronic phase CML patients with recombinant IFN-alpha as their frontline biologic therapy with similar hematologic and cytogenetic responses. Gamma interferon is active against CML but less so than IFN-alpha. Chemotherapy followed by IFN-alpha also shows promise. Interferons have produced only limited responses in terminal phase CML patients. PMID- 3152811 TI - [Urogenital bilharziasis in ALgeria: 1. Results of an epidemiologic survey at Djanet in Tassili N'Ajjer]. PMID- 3152812 TI - [Urogenital bilharziasis in Algeria. 2. Present status of the reservoirs in the south-west]. PMID- 3152813 TI - [Urogenital bilharziasis in Algeria. 3. Results of an epidemiological survey in Illizi]. PMID- 3152814 TI - [Status of knowledge on the epidemiology of bilharziasis in Algeria]. PMID- 3152815 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Application of serotyping and pyocin typing to strains isolated in Algeria]. PMID- 3152816 TI - Monoclonal antibodies in diagnostic dermatopathology. PMID- 3152817 TI - Gene rearrangement studies in lymphoproliferative disorders of skin. PMID- 3152818 TI - The dysplastic nevus and its clinical management. PMID- 3152819 TI - Medium-depth chemical peeling of the skin: a variation of superficial chemosurgery. PMID- 3152820 TI - Small vessel sclerotherapy: an overview. PMID- 3152821 TI - Tissue expansion. AB - Controlled tissue expansion began as a concept based on primitive ideas and observations. Its application to breast reconstruction has played a major role in the tissue and psychologic rejuvenation following surgery for breast carcinoma. During the last several years, controlled expansion of tissue has been applied to many other anatomic sites treating many difficult reconstructive and excisional surgeries which heretofore were either impossible or required several stages to accomplish. As experience has grown, the use of tissue expansion has become safer and has been applied to many excisional and reconstructive efforts. The future use of tissue expansion is extremely bright and limited only by the creativity of the surgeon familiar with the technique. In the future, under study is controlled expansion of bone, of nerves, and of other body parts that may prove to be valuable in the surgeon's armamentarium. The dermatologic surgeon should become familiar with the concept and practice of tissue expansion, whether or not it is used in his or her practice. By being familiar with what the reconstructive surgeon can do with tissue expansion, the dermatologist can treat entities perhaps not otherwise treated in the past. For the dermatologist experienced in cutaneous surgery, tissue expansion can be added to his armamentarium in the treatment of male pattern baldness, some local flaps, congenital nevi and larger excisions requiring serial excision in the past as well as tattoos. PMID- 3152822 TI - Photopheresis for T cell mediated diseases. AB - Photopheresis is a relatively safe and technically simple modality for immunomodulation. The extracorporeal activation of a drug with UVA constitutes a novel form of drug delivery. The usefulness of this system in erythrodermic CTCL is well established. Immunomodulating therapy can thus be conducted outside the host, where controlled conditions permit cellular manipulations not possible in the intact patient. This system is an excellent paradigm for future immunomodulating therapies in diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris and lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3152823 TI - Chronic, irritant contact dermatitis: mechanisms, variables, and differentiation from other forms of contact dermatitis. AB - Irritant dermatitis is an eczematous reaction to toxic chemicals contacting the skin. The mechanisms by which various chemicals elicit dermatitis are multiple. Strong irritants quickly elicit signs and symptoms of dermatitis, but weak irritants may not. Chronic cumulative exposure to weak irritants can elicit dermatitis which may mimic allergic contact dermatitis and mislead the physician and patient with respect to cause and preventative strategy. The skins of different people vary in susceptibilities to irritation. Susceptibility is also influenced by chemical properties, vehicles, concentrations, amounts applied to the skin surface, surface area, regional variations, length of exposure, method of exposure, age, sex, race, genetic background, environmental factors, hardening, concomitant disease, and the excited skin syndrome as well as treatment. Patch testing can help distinguish between allergens and irritants, but pitfalls may mislead. PMID- 3152824 TI - Oncogenes and human malignancy. PMID- 3152825 TI - Interleukin 1 and other human keratinocyte cytokines: molecular and functional characterization. PMID- 3152826 TI - Dermatomyositis: current controversies 1987. AB - Dermatomyositis/polymyositis are multisystem disorders affecting both children and adults. The issues regarding malignancy are still unresolved. Is the patient with DM more prone to malignancy than the patient with PM? Is malignancy actually related to the myositis in the meaningful fashion? How should the patient with myositis be evaluated for a potential malignancy neoplasm? The disease is a truly multisystem disease that involves the joints, lungs, heart muscle, and the gastrointestinal system. Newer serologic tests are of benefit in understanding the pathogenesis of the disease and are currently of little use to the clinician. Finally, the therapy for DM can be difficult. Antimalarial use in cutaneous disease can be used for patients who are steroid resistant or who develop steroid side effects. Multiple approaches have been developed but await confirmation regarding their effectiveness in future studies. PMID- 3152827 TI - Applications of computers in dermatology. PMID- 3152828 TI - Assessing child abuse in the dermatologist's office. PMID- 3152829 TI - Etiology and pathophysiology of diaper dermatitis. AB - Common diaper dermatitis is a group of skin disorders that result from attack of the skin by physical, chemical, enzymatic, and microbial factors in the diaper environment. The integrity of healthy skin is compromised by the very nature of the diaper environment, and normal intact skin therefore remains an elusive goal of current diapering practices. Moist occlusion promotes miliaria, and causes an increase in the coefficient of skin friction. Skin hydration and an increase in skin pH result in impaired barrier function, and fecal enzymes begin to attack the skin, further degrading its normal ability to cope with its environment. Skin in this weakened state is susceptible to a variety of biological, chemical, and physical insults that can cause or aggravate diaper dermatitis. These include attack of the skin by fecal enzymes and other irritants in urine and feces, mechanical abrasion, and infection by C. albicans. Diapering is unquestionably an effective and convenient way of localizing an infant's excreta. Unfortunately, infant skin was not designed to operate continuously in the resulting environment, and is frequently unable to weather this assault. However, by improving the inherently adverse relationship between diapers and diapered skin, one can have a significant effect on the incidence and severity of diaper dermatitis. A diaper that keeps skin drier will result in skin that is less permeable to irritants, supports less microbial growth, is less susceptible to chafing damage, and has less contact with irritants in urine and feces. A diaper that maintains the environment closer to the normal acidic pH of skin will promote skin that is less permeable to irritants, and reduce the irritancy of fecal enzymes. Finally, a diaper that limits the mixing and spreading of urine and feces will result in less potentiation of enzyme activity and less contact of the skin with fecal irritants. Diaper dermatitis, by definition, cannot exist in the absence of diapers. Moreover, diaper dermatitis will become less troublesome for the infant population to the degree that diapered skin can be provided an environment closer to that of undiapered skin. PMID- 3152830 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa: the pediatric dermatological management and therapeutic update. PMID- 3152831 TI - [The concept of reversibility of bronchial asthma in the light of the most recent findings]. PMID- 3152832 TI - [Urine proteins and excretion of brush-border antigens in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy]. PMID- 3152833 TI - [Treatment of Basedow's ophthalmopathy: a comparative evaluation of systemic or retrobulbar administration of corticosteroids associated with orbital radiotherapy]. PMID- 3152834 TI - [Prophylaxis using heparin in coagulopathies caused by peritoneo-jugular derivation]. PMID- 3152835 TI - [Importance of the determination of serum osteocalcin in the monitoring of osteoporosis therapy]. PMID- 3152836 TI - [In vitro effect of alpha-interferon and thymomodulin on natural killer activity in patients with AIDS-related complex]. PMID- 3152837 TI - Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of ketanserin versus propranolol on platelet function in hypertensive patients. PMID- 3152838 TI - [Physiopathologic aspects of gestational diabetes]. PMID- 3152839 TI - [Treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia using bolus methylprednisolone. Description of 2 cases]. PMID- 3152840 TI - [Glucosamine sulfate]. PMID- 3152841 TI - [Hemorheological changes in obesity in children and adults are correlated with body overweight]. PMID- 3152842 TI - Role of leukocyte subpopulation filterability in blood cell rheology. PMID- 3152843 TI - [Scintigraphy using labelled sucralfate in the diagnosis of chronic idiopathic inflammatory diseases of the intestine]. PMID- 3152844 TI - [Determination of serum fructosamine as a parameter of metabolic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3152845 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic notes on a case of common variable hypogammaglobulinemia]. PMID- 3152847 TI - [The new interleukins]. PMID- 3152846 TI - [Magnesium sulphate in the treatment of torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia]. PMID- 3152848 TI - [Erythrocyte antioxidant enzymatic systems and serum beta-glucuronidase in subjects with favism. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3152849 TI - [Unreliability of the clinical diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis of the legs. A prospective study]. PMID- 3152850 TI - From Rome to Bath and back again. PMID- 3152851 TI - Effects of the acute administration of a new anticholinergic drug on human esophageal motor function. PMID- 3152852 TI - [Effects of calcitonins on platelet metabolism]. PMID- 3152853 TI - [Hyperinsulinemia in arterial hypertension associated with severe obesity]. PMID- 3152854 TI - [Systemic hemodynamics in cirrhotic patients: relationship with plasma levels and pulmonary exchange of PGE2]. PMID- 3152855 TI - [Relationship of plasma levels of angiotensin II and intraplatelet content of the peptide]. PMID- 3152857 TI - [Significance and limitations of the radioimmunologic determination of the aminoterminal peptide of procollagen III in chronic hepatopathies]. PMID- 3152858 TI - [Follow-up of patients with coronary disease after aortocoronary bypass. Proposal for a study protocol]. PMID- 3152856 TI - [Current aspects of treatment of multiple myeloma]. PMID- 3152859 TI - [H-2 antagonists and heart]. PMID- 3152861 TI - Abstracts of the papers, lectures and round table sessions presented at the LXXXVIII National Congress of the Italian Society of Internal Medicine. Rome, October 19-23, 1987. PMID- 3152860 TI - Bioethics. PMID- 3152862 TI - The rhabdomyolytic syndromes. PMID- 3152863 TI - The erythroenzymopathies. With particular reference to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and favism. PMID- 3152864 TI - Myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3152865 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus: recent developments. PMID- 3152866 TI - The changing pattern in the search for new anti-rheumatic drugs. PMID- 3152867 TI - Pathogenetic aspects of organ-specific autoimmunity. PMID- 3152868 TI - Physiology and pathophysiology of pulmonary circulation. PMID- 3152869 TI - Mossbauer studies of electrophoretically purified monoferric and diferric human transferrin. AB - Electrophoretically purified 57Fe-enriched monoferric and diferric human transferrins and selectively labeled complexes ([C-56Fe,N-57Fe]transferrin and [C 57Fe,N-56Fe]transferrin) were studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy. The data were recorded at 4.2 K over a wide range of applied magnetic fields (0.05-6 T) and were analyzed by a spin-Hamiltonian formalism. Characteristic hyperfine parameters were found and the obtained zero-field splitting parameters (D = 0.25 +/- 0.05 cm-1 and E/D = 0.30 +/- 0.02) agree with previous electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) findings. The weak-field spectra of the [N-57Fe]transferrin are slightly broader than those of the [C-57Fe]transferrin, indicating that the N terminal iron site may be more heterogeneous. However, the absorption line positions and the relative intensities of the subspectra originating from the three Kramers doublets of each Fe3+ site are identical. Thus the electronic structures of the two iron sites can be described by the same set of spin Hamiltonian parameters, indicating that the ligand environments for the two sites are the same, as suggested by the recent X-ray crystallographic studies. This suggestion is further supported by the observation that the strong-field spectra of the two monoferric transferrins are indistinguishable. The selectively labeled mixed-isotope transferrins exhibit spectra that are identical to those of the corresponding monoferric 57Fe-enriched transferrins, implying that the occupation of one iron site has little or no effect on the immediate environment of the other site, a finding that is not surprising since the two sites are separated by approximately 4.2 nm. PMID- 3152872 TI - [Reflux esophagitis: histologic clinical and functional study]. PMID- 3152871 TI - Chromosomal alterations in cell lines derived from mouse rhabdomyosarcomas induced by crystalline nickel sulfide. AB - Prior studies have shown a preferential decondensation (or fragmentation) of the heterochromatic long arm of the X chromosome of Chinese hamster ovary cells when treated with carcinogenic crystalline NiS particles (crNiS). In this report, we show that the heterochromatic regions of mouse chromosomes are also more frequently involved in aberrations than euchromatic regions, although the heterochromatin in mouse cells is restricted to centromeric regions. We also present the karyotypic analyses of four cell lines derived from tumors induced by leg muscle injections of crystalline nickel sulfide which have been analyzed to determine whether heterochromatic chromosomal regions are preferentially altered in the transformed genotypes. Common to all cell lines was the presence of minichromosomes, which are acrocentric chromosomes smaller than chromosome 19, normally the smallest chromosome of the mouse karyotype. The minichromosomes were present in a majority of cells of each line although the morphology of this extra chromosome varied significantly among the cell lines. C-banding revealed the presence of centromeric DNA and thus these minichromosomes may be the result of chromosome breaks at or near the centromere. In three of the four lines a marker chromosome could be identified as a rearrangement between two chromosomes. In the fourth cell line a rearranged chromosome was present in only 15% of the cells and was not studied in detail. One of the three major marker chromosomes resulted from a centromeric fusion of chromosome 4 while another appeared to be an interchange involving the centromere of chromosome 2 and possibly the telomeric region of chromosome 17.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3152870 TI - Studies on haemosiderin and ferritin from iron-loaded rat liver. AB - Haemosiderin has been isolated from siderosomes and ferritin from the cytosol of livers of rats iron-loaded by intraperitoneal injections of iron-dextran. Siderosomal haermosiderin, like ferritin, was shown by electron diffraction to contain iron mainly in the form of small particles of ferrihydrite (5Fe2O3.9H2O), with average particle diameter of 5.36 +/- 1.31 nm (SD), less than that of ferritin iron-cores (6.14 +/- 1.18 nm). Mossbauer spectra of both iron-storage complexes are also similar, except that the blocking temperature, TB, for haemosiderin (23 K) is lower than that of ferritin (35 K). These values are consistent with their differences in particle volumes assuming identical magnetic anisotropy constants. Measurements of P/Fe ratios by electron probe microanalysis showed the presence of phosphorus in rat liver haemosiderin, but much of it was lost on extensive dialysis. The presence of peptides reacting with anti-ferritin antisera and the similarities in the structures of their iron components are consistent with the view that rat liver haemosiderin arises by degradation of ferritin polypeptides, but its peptide pattern is different from that found in human beta-thalassaemia haemosiderin. The blocking temperature, 35 K, for rat liver ferritin is near to that reported, 40 K, for human beta-thalassaemia spleen ferritin. However, the haemosiderin isolated from this tissue, in contrast to that from rat liver, had a TB higher than that of ferritin. The iron availability of haemosiderins from rat liver and human beta-thalassaemic spleen to a hydroxypyridinone chelator also differed. That from rat liver was equal to or greater, and that from human spleen was markedly less, than the iron availability from either of the associated ferritins, which were equivalent. The differences in properties of the two types of haemosiderin may reflect their origins from primary or secondary iron overload and differences in the duration of the overload. PMID- 3152873 TI - [Surgical treatment of the congenital obstruction of the choana using posterior transpalatine ostomy]. PMID- 3152874 TI - [Second neoplasms in childhood]. PMID- 3152875 TI - [Permanent vascular catheters for chemotherapy]. PMID- 3152876 TI - [Persistent malignant ductus arteriosus: better survival perspectives using a more aggressive treatment]. PMID- 3152877 TI - [48 new cases of necrotizing enterocolitis: analysis of a protocol]. PMID- 3152878 TI - [Histology vs survival in biliary atresia]. PMID- 3152879 TI - [Congenital neuroblastoma]. PMID- 3152880 TI - [Pneumatic dilatation of achalasia in childhood: apropos of a case]. PMID- 3152881 TI - [Esophageal achalasia in children. Surgical treatment]. PMID- 3152882 TI - [Neonatal biliary peritonitis]. PMID- 3152883 TI - [Long-term surgical evaluation of tumors of the mediastinum]. PMID- 3152884 TI - [Liver transplant: criteria for selection of candidates]. PMID- 3152885 TI - [Anorectal malformations: anatomy, classification and diagnosis]. PMID- 3152886 TI - [Anatomy of the external anal sphincter in high anorectal atresia]. PMID- 3152887 TI - [Surgical treatment of anorectal atresia. New contributions]. PMID- 3152888 TI - [Fecal incontinence derived from ano-rectal atresia]. PMID- 3152889 TI - [Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty: a treatment of fecal incontinence]. PMID- 3152890 TI - [Vestibular fistula]. PMID- 3152891 TI - [Acute appendicitis: echographic diagnosis and current therapy]. PMID- 3152892 TI - [Urethral stenosis: dilatation using coaxial balloon catheter. Presentation of 5 cases]. PMID- 3152893 TI - [Hyperinsulinism in childhood: presentation of 3 cases surgically treated]. PMID- 3152894 TI - [Acute cholecystitis. Surgical therapy. When?]. PMID- 3152895 TI - [Femoro-popliteal obstructive arteriopathy in patients over 70 years of age]. PMID- 3152896 TI - [Allopurinol in the genesis of postoperative peritoneal adhesions]. PMID- 3152897 TI - [Functioning of "omega" esophagojejunostomy after total gastrectomy]. PMID- 3152898 TI - [Dynamic defecogram in the evaluation of disorders of the ano-rectal function]. PMID- 3152899 TI - [Surgery in inguinal hernia by the modified Postempski method: personal experience in 1328 cases]. PMID- 3152900 TI - [Traumatology of the abdominal parenchymal organs. Current diagnostic and therapeutic approach]. PMID- 3152902 TI - [Duodenocephalopancreatectomy in the treatment of periampullary tumors. Experience over 20 years]. PMID- 3152901 TI - Congenital choledochal cysts: our experience. PMID- 3152903 TI - [Direct hemostasis in massive hemorrhage after mechanic circular gastrojejunostomy]. PMID- 3152904 TI - [Transdiaphragmatic access to the thoracic aorta. Anatomo-surgical findings]. PMID- 3152905 TI - [Advantages of liposuction in the surgical treatment of gynecomastia]. PMID- 3152906 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as an indicator of "biologic radicality" of a surgical intervention]. PMID- 3152907 TI - [Vascular substitution in oncologic surgery]. PMID- 3152908 TI - Disturbed pubertal growth in girls treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Pubertal growth was studied in 10 girls previously treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The average age at menarche was 12.2 years, which is significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than the expected 13.1 years. Compared with normal girls, these girls showed a subnormal (p less than 0.05) peak height velocity during the second year before menarche. The remaining growth before menarche as well as the total postmenarchal growth was close to the normal average. The average final standing height was 1 SD less than what would be expected from their height 1 year after the cessation of therapy. A relative growth hormone deficiency in combination with early onset of puberty could account for this loss in final height. PMID- 3152909 TI - 42-hour methotrexate infusions as relapse therapy for childhood malignancies: toxicity and efficacy of 109 infusions. AB - Thirty-six children and adolescents received 42-h methotrexate (MTX) infusions in doses of 5.5-22 g/m2 as a single drug or as part of a combination chemotherapy for relapsed childhood leukemias or solid tumors. In a total of 109 courses serum MTX concentrations were maintained at 2 x 10(-5) -2 x 10(-4) M for 42 h before leukovorin rescue was started. There were responses in one of two hemangiopericytomas, two of five Ewing's sarcomas, and six of eight rhabdomyosarcomas. In ALL, NHL, and neuroblastomas, responses were seen with 42-h MTX infusions as part of a combination chemotherapy. The major toxicities were mucositis in 45%, nausea and vomiting in 35%, and hepatic toxicity in 25% of the courses. Bone marrow depression as well as neuro- and nephrotoxicity were rare. Long-term MTX infusions in high doses are strongly recommended for the treatment of relapsed childhood malignancies because of their efficacy and mild toxicity. PMID- 3152910 TI - Definition of response and remission in children over one year of age with advanced neuroblastoma: proposition for a scoring system. AB - A two-step evaluation system is proposed to analyze the results of therapy for stage IV neuroblastoma in children over 1 year of age. Since most protocols consist of first-line chemotherapy followed by surgery and often high-dose chemotherapy with bone marrow rescue, "response" should assess the effect of chemotherapy alone and "remission" indicate the status after an attempt to remove the primary tumor. A scoring system is proposed for both steps. The comparability of different studies depends on the use of such common criteria to define patient groups and treatment results. PMID- 3152911 TI - High-dose methotrexate therapy (6-8 g/m2) in childhood malignancies: clinical tolerability and pharmacokinetics. AB - Five children, ages 2.5 to 12 years (mean 6.2 years), with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were given 22 courses of high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) therapy (6-8 g/m2/24 h). No serious clinical complications were encountered, but stomatitis occurred after three (14%) of the courses. First phase elimination half-lives (t1/2(alpha)) of MTX and 7-hydroxy-methotrexate (7 OH-MTX) after 21 infusions were 2.7 +/- 0.4 h and 6.5 +/- 1.8 h (mean +/- SD). In one course (4.5%) there was delayed systemic MTX elimination, with first-phase elimination half-lives (t1/2(alpha] for MTX and 7-OH-MTX of 4.2 and 9.9 h, respectively, and second-phase elimination half-lives (t1/2(beta)) of 43 and 58 h. Significant decreases in white blood cell count, increases in serum creatinine, and increases in alanine aminotransferase and/or aspartate aminotransferase during the first 2-6 days were present in five (23%), three (14%), and six (27%) of the courses, respectively. The regimen was tolerated well by the children. PMID- 3152912 TI - Action of intermediate doses of methotrexate on dihydrofolate reductase in malignant diseases. AB - This report describes the effect of intermediate methotrexate (MTX) doses on dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activity in vivo in the leukocytes of 16 children with malignant diseases. The authors used a cytochemical technique, and the enzyme was studied in intact cells. The treatment protocols included MTX 500 mg-2 g/m2 weekly with leucovorin rescue. The above doses of MTX partially inhibit DHFR. The reduction of enzyme activity was observed in leukocytes within 24 h after MTX infusion, and it was more obvious in the polymorphonucleas and the monocytes. Complete inhibition of enzyme activity was not observed. These results do not agree with those of previous reports using biochemical techniques, which showed that small amounts of MTX inhibit DHFR activity. Even the large doses of MTX used in this study do not completely inhibit enzyme activity. It would be worthwhile to test the effect of even larger doses of MTX to find out if DHFR activity is inhibited. PMID- 3152914 TI - Microbial spectrum of blood and body cultures in febrile episodes of children under chemotherapy for treatment of malignant diseases. AB - One hundred thirty-five febrile episodes in 111 children with malignancies were reviewed. In 50 of 125 episodes blood cultures were positive; gram-positive bacteremia was detected in 40 episodes and gram-negative bacteremia in 10 episodes. The predominant gram-positive bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci, the predominant gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli. The possible role of coagulase-negative staphylococci in causing septicemia in immunocompromised hosts is discussed with conclusions that influence designing a primary antibiotic regimen to treat febrile episodes in leukopenic children. PMID- 3152915 TI - Reduction in morphological sickling of red cells incubated with quinine. AB - Quinine HCl reduced the formation of reversibly sickled cells in vitro over a concentration range of 0.2-5.0 mM. Quinidine and chloroquine had similar effects. Combinations of quinine and cyanate demonstrated synergistic, antisickling properties in vitro. PMID- 3152913 TI - Birth weight as a risk factor for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Increased birth weight previously has been reported to be associated with childhood acute leukemia although the etiologic importance of this finding remains unclear. To further assess birth weight and associated parameters as a risk factor for childhood leukemia, a case/control study was performed using children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) born in the state of Minnesota and diagnosed since 1969. Data obtained from birth registrations of 219 cases were compared with two control groups matched on date and county of birth (group I) or year of birth (group II). No significant differences were observed in mean birth weights of cases and controls. Statistically significant associations with birth weights greater than 3800 g were identified in cases diagnosed within the first 4 years of life. No associations were found between birth weight and ALL for case children diagnosed after 4 years of age. Factors that might be associated with increased birth weight, including maternal age, birth order, length of gestation, and socioeconomic status as measured by paternal education, were not found to be associated with an increased risk for ALL. The significance of the finding of high birth weight as a risk factor for childhood ALL remains unknown but suggests that pregnancy-related events may be of importance in the etiology of ALL in young children. PMID- 3152916 TI - Changes in the EEG background activity of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during cytotoxic therapy. AB - Thirteen children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were investigated before and during cytotoxic therapy. EEG findings were correlated with the clinical course and the therapy protocol and compared with normal data obtained from 295 healthy children. Frequency analysis of the background activity of the EEG revealed an initial slowing of the background activity prior to therapy and further slowing each time a combination of vincristine (VCR), daunorubicin (DAU) or adriblastine (ADR), prednisone (PRED), and L-asparaginase (L-ASP) was administered. The slowing of the background activity correlated only with the administration of these drugs. DAU, ADR, and PRED are not known to influence the EEG; therefore, VCR and L-ASP remain the primary candidates responsible for the central nervous system alteration. PMID- 3152917 TI - Single-agent ifosfamide in patients with recurrent neuroblastoma (ENSG study 2). European Neuroblastoma Study Group. AB - Twenty-five patients with progressive or recurrent neuroblastoma were treated with single-agent ifosfamide. In 2 of 10 relapsing patients, an objective response was observed. If ifosfamide is administered in a dose of 3000 mg/m2 for 2 days every 3 weeks, a response can be expected in 8% of the cases. PMID- 3152918 TI - Incubation of autologous bone marrow graft with ASTA Z 7557: comparative studies of hematological reconstitution after purged or nonpurged bone marrow transplantation. AB - Thirty-three patients with advanced solid tumors were treated by high-dose chemotherapy (combined high-dose melphalan), followed by cryopreserved autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). Thirteen of them had bone marrow (BM) tumor involvement at diagnosis, and BM harvest was purged with 50 micrograms/ml ASTA Z 7557 before cryopreservation. Following incubation, in vitro growth of granulomonocytic colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) was regularly inhibited (greater than 99%). Hemopoietic reconstitution after purged and nonpurged ABMT was studied. All patients experienced engraftment. However, peripheral leukocyte and granulocyte recoveries were delayed significantly in patients receiving purged BM (mean 27 and 26 days) compared with those observed in patients receiving nonpurged BM (mean 18 and 18 days). These results confirm that purged BM, despite GM-CFC depletion after in vitro treatment, ensures engraftment after high-dose chemotherapy, but prolonged pancytopenia is observed and postgraft hemopoietic recovery is delayed. A clinical trial is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of the purging technique in eradicating residual tumor cells. PMID- 3152919 TI - Response of orbital and central nervous system metastases of retinoblastoma following treatment with cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin. AB - A 3.5-year-old boy with orbital and central nervous system extension of unilateral retinoblastoma received chemotherapy consisting of intravenous cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin and intrathecal methotrexate. Complete shrinkage of orbital tumor, phthisis bulbi, and disappearance of intracranial metastases occurred following chemotherapy. Response of the intracranial tumors reflected the combined effects of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin; the contribution of each agent could not be assessed. Cerebrospinal fluid tumor cells persisted prior to delivery of craniospinal irradiation, and were detected again 6 weeks after completion of irradiation. PMID- 3152920 TI - Rare factor VII variant inherited through genetic variant in proband's mother and another genetic variant in proband's father. AB - An 11-year-old girl with hereditary factor-VII deficiency and her family have been studied for factor VII coagulation activity (VII:C) and factor VII antigen level (VII:Ag). The proband had 11% VII:C, whereas her VII:Ag was at a level that corresponds to about 50% coagulation activity. Forty-two members of the proband's family were tested. This study disclosed that the proband's factor VII deficiency had been inherited through both her mother and her father. Although her father was dead, testing of her father's family showed a factor VII defect of the type VII+ variant, that is, normal production of VII:Ag but reduced VII:C. The maternal side of her family was found to have reduced but identical levels of VII:C and VII:Ag (variant VIIR). The proband's factor VII deficiency is therefore apparently inherited through two different variants, and that could explain this rare genetic type of factor VII deficiency. To our knowledge no such variant has ever been described. PMID- 3152921 TI - Serum beta-2-microglobulin in healthy children. AB - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an increasing problem in the pediatric population. Beta-2-microglobulin is part of the HLA structure, being especially abundant in the lymphoid cells and the most useful nonspecific indicium of AIDS. Serum beta-2-microglobulin assayed in 271 healthy children had a geometric mean of 1.398 mg/L and a 5-95 percentile interval of 0.925-2.202 mg/L; thus, values above 2.202 mg/L may be indicative of active disease. PMID- 3152922 TI - Impaired delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity in thymoma. PMID- 3152923 TI - Tetany in children treated with cisplatinum. PMID- 3152924 TI - Chromosomal t(2; 5) and hematological malignancies. PMID- 3152925 TI - Clivus chordoma in a 9-year-old child: case report and review of the literature. AB - Chordomas are bone tumors of the axial skeleton. They arise from notochordal remnants. In children these tumors are extremely rare and are predominantly located in the skull base. The authors report on a clivus chordoma in a 9 7/12 year-old girl. It presented as a nasopharyngeal mass with destruction of the clivus and paralyses of the ninth, tenth, and eleventh cranial nerves on the right side. After incomplete resection by a transoral transclival route, high dose radiotherapy was added. This treatment was effective as demonstrated by follow-up CAT scans. A short review of the current literature is given. The local recurrence rate is extremely high, and distant metastases may occur. Complete resection is rarely possible, and combined management with postoperative radiotherapy is propagated. Permanent cure is rare, and at the present time, chemotherapy appears to be of no value in the primary treatment of chordomas. PMID- 3152927 TI - Staff attitudes before and after the inception of a pediatric oncology unit. AB - A special pediatric unit was started for patients with cancer. All staff had experience in caring for chronically ill children, but there were great individual variations in training. Positive expectations of the new unit expressed by staff were (1) feeling needed, (2) having a common goal, and (3) seeing results. Negative expectations expressed were fear of the suffering and dying of the children. One year later the positive expectations were found to be fulfilled. The fears were not found to be confirmed. The existing relationships among the nursing staff were criticized at the opening of the unit. Relationships had improved 1 year later. The prevailing organization at the opening of the unit was criticized. The RNs had too little time for primary nursing of the patients. Conditions had improved 1 year later, but the RN staff was considered too small and more physical space was needed. The parents' presence at the ward was considered positive by all staff when the unit opened. One year later some negative aspects were also pointed out. PMID- 3152926 TI - Tolerance of 24-hour infusions or low- and high-dose bolus injections of adriamycin in children. AB - In 75 children with mainly lymphoid malignancies, adriamycin was used as part of the treatment. Three groups were distinguished: group I (n = 18), with an adriamycin dose of 30 mg/m2 as bolus; group II (n = 30), with a dose of 100 mg/m2 divided over 2 subsequent days; and group III (n = 27), with a dose of adriamycin of 100 mg/m2 given as a 24-h infusion. The tolerance of the low dose was the best. In group III small differences in the tolerance were observed. The recovery of the white blood cell count showed a delay in the infusion group, whereas the bolus injection group showed more vomiting. Severe vascular lesions occurred in the infusion group. The use of 24-h infusions of adriamycin is feasible when central venous accesses or totally subcutaneous intravenous devices are used. According to the literature, when long-term invasions of adriamycin are used, the risk of cardiomyopathy is diminished, without influencing the antitumor activity of adriamycin. PMID- 3152928 TI - Coagulation contact phase factors and inhibitors in beta-thalassemia major children. AB - Selected hemostatic parameters of 23 children affected by beta-thalassemia major were studied and compared to an age- and sex-matched group. Plasma prekallikrein level was reduced in all patients, splenectomized or not. In splenectomized patients, platelet count and in vitro platelet aggregability were significantly increased and Protein C was slightly increased. The activated partial thromboplastin time was prolonged and the normotest reduced. Finally, a reduction in the plasma levels of fibrinogen and of vitamin K-dependent proteins, including the antithrombotic Protein C, was observed in nonsplenectomized patients. Our data indicate that the hemostatic system in patients with thalassemia major may be altered. The relationship between these laboratory changes and clinical manifestations remains to be established. PMID- 3152929 TI - Cardiac relapses in myeloid leukemia: case report and review of the literature. AB - Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a localized destructive tumor mass composed of immature cells of the granulocytic series, occurring before, concomitantly, or after the overt development of acute or chronic myelogenous leukemia. Although this tumor is known to occur in almost every site of the body, cardiac involvement is rare. We report a case of a 12-year-old female previously treated for 28 months with chemotherapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia, who presented with GS in the left mastoid 3 months after discontinuing treatment. The patient was treated with local radiotherapy only. Thirty months later she presented with heart failure, the result of a right-sided intracardiac mass, while in continuous hematological remission of the primary disease and off therapy. The cardiovascular, hematological, and postmortem findings are described and the literature is reviewed. This is the first clinicopathologic report of GS involving the heart in which the echocardiographic and pathologic findings are detailed. PMID- 3152930 TI - Eosinophilic meningitis preceding meningeal relapse in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: abnormal nucleotide content of eosinophils. AB - A case of eosinophilic meningitis 2 months before the appearance of lymphoblasts in the cerebrospinal fluid is described in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The peripheral blood showed no simultaneous eosinophilia. The child was successfully treated for her CNS relapse, and complete remission was easily obtained. The eosinophils and lymphoblasts disappeared quickly after the administration of intrathecal methotrexate. However, 3 1/2 years later hypereosinophilia developed in the blood and bone marrow, heralding bone marrow relapse. Simultaneously, meningeal relapse was diagnosed and this time the cerebrospinal fluid showed a mixture of lymphoblasts and eosinophils. Treatment was reinstituted and complete remission was again obtained. Analysis of the blood eosinophils showed abnormal nucleotide patterns. Similar patterns were previously found in the lymphoblasts from other ALL patients. PMID- 3152931 TI - Convulsions and intracranial calcifications in a leukemic infant receiving only intrathecal methotrexate as central nervous system prophylaxis. PMID- 3152932 TI - Second long-term remission achieved with low-dose Ara-C in children with relapsed acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3152933 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for chronic granulomatous disease associated with cytochrome B deficiency. PMID- 3152934 TI - Severe Mycoplasma pneumonia in three sisters with sickle cell disease. PMID- 3152935 TI - Virus infections in childhood malignant disease. AB - The viruses isolated during infective episodes over a 5-year period of 93 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 107 children with other malignancies have been studied. Viruses were identified by the fluorescent antibody technique (FAT), electron microscopy, and culture. Viruses were isolated on 204 occasions. Rhinovirus and RSV occurred significantly more often in the patients with ALL, and adenovirus more commonly in the solid tumor patients. Viruses were responsible for 4 of the 69 deaths. Multiple different virus isolation during the same infective episode was significantly more common than in a control group. Where paired sera were available, only 10 out of 27 children showed at least a fourfold rise to the isolated virus. A rise in complement fixing antibody is confirmed as a very unreliable method of detecting virus infection in immunosuppressed children. Viruses are important pathogens in children with cancer and assume greater relevance now that over 60% of malignant disease in childhood can be cured. PMID- 3152937 TI - Lactoferrin and C-reactive protein in response to cytostatic drugs with emphasis on methotrexate. AB - In this study plasma concentrations of lactoferrin (LF) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are examined in 9 children with different kinds of cancer but without any intercurrent infections. New, sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for LF and CRP are described. The samples are drawn before, during, and after the cytotoxic drugs are given. The cytotoxic courses include cis-platinum, vincristine, adriamycin, cytarabine, and methotrexate (6 g/m2/24 h and 33.6 g/m2/24 h). During the infusion of methotrexate 33.6 g/m2 the concentrations of LF are increased, only a small increase of CRP is observed, and for the other groups there is no changes of both parameters. PMID- 3152936 TI - Intraocular involvement of Burkitt's lymphoma in a Bedouin child. AB - A child with a B-cell lymphoma with extensive abdominal disease responded to high doses of chemotherapy. One month later, eye and central nervous system recurrence developed. Intraocular involvement was documented by diagnostic vitrectomy. Differential diagnosis and therapy are discussed. PMID- 3152938 TI - Alpha-hemolytic streptococcal septicemia with severe complications during neutropenia in childhood cancer. AB - After introduction of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD), a change toward an increase of infections by Staphylococcus epidermidis and alpha hemolytic Streptococci has been noticed in the predominant etiology of infections during neutropenia. During a 27-month study period, 165 positive blood cultures were obtained from 64 neutropenic children. In 26 cases there was septicemia caused by Streptococci. Alpha-hemolytic Streptococci were isolated from blood culture in 25 cases. In 1 case septicemia was caused by beta-hemolytic Streptococcus of group G. In 10 patients, all with hematologic malignancies, septicemia attended with complications. We suggest that patients with hematologic malignancies are at risk of an unusually severe clinical course of streptococcal septicemia. PMID- 3152939 TI - High-dose cisplatin and etoposide in advanced malignancies of childhood. AB - Thirty-two children with poor-prognosis solid tumors were treated with a combination of high-dose cisplatin (CDDP) (200 mg/m2 over 5 days) and VP16. In the 30 children evaluable for antitumor effect, there were 7 complete, 12 partial, and 3 minor tumor responses. Wilms' tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma responded best. There were no therapy-related deaths. Severe neutropenia (PMN less than 500/mmc) developed after 29 out of the 45 evaluable courses and lasted a median of 8 days; during periods of neutropenia 8 episodes of fever occurred, 1 of which was caused by streptococcal sepsis. Platelet levels were depressed to less than 50,000/mmc after 17/45 cycles and this thrombocytopenia lasted a median of 8 days. No neurological toxicity occurred. One case developed acute renal failure. A hearing deficit for high frequencies was documented in 14/22 patients evaluated after the first cycle and in all cases after the subsequent cycles; the deficits correlated with the total dose of CDDP administered. High-dose cisplatin and VP16 is an effective association in children with advanced cancer, but cumulative dosage is limited by ototoxicity. PMID- 3152940 TI - Hyponatremia and renal sodium wasting in patients receiving cisplatinum. AB - Three children with malignant solid tumors developed hyponatremia with renal sodium wasting associated with other signs of tubular dysfunction, such as hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia, a few days after cis-diammine dichloroplatinum (CDDP) administration. The normalization of serum electrolyte disturbances was obtained with increased parenteral intakes in fluids and electrolytes, and renal sodium wasting stopped by itself a few days later. PMID- 3152941 TI - High-dose immunoglobulin therapy of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. PMID- 3152943 TI - Human growth hormone (HGH) levels at diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) PMID- 3152942 TI - Occult testicular leukemia in a patient with acute monocytic leukemia. PMID- 3152945 TI - Should we continue to type leukemias? PMID- 3152944 TI - Hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by anti-Jkb. PMID- 3152946 TI - Prevention of cisplatin-induced hypomagnesemia. AB - Twenty-eight children were treated for various cancers with protocols that included dichlorodiamine platinum (cisplatin). Sixteen children were given intravenous magnesium after the administration of cisplatin, and 12 were given intravenous magnesium before and after administration of cisplatin. Serum magnesium concentration levels were monitored before, during, and after the full course of treatment and found to be lower in the first group of patients than in the second group. We recommend that magnesium supplements be given to patients receiving cisplatin during the precisplatin hydration period to prevent hypomagnesemia. PMID- 3152947 TI - Heterogeneity among the acute nonlymphocytic leukemias: value of immunophenotype for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. AB - Immunophenotyping of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia has confirmed previous observations on the heterogeneity of this disease. The lack of leukemia-specific monoclonal antibodies as well as antibodies reactive with early myeloid cells is reflected in poor correlation of morphologically and cytochemically defined FAB classes with the immunophenotype of the leukemic cells. Possible exceptions are the microgranular variant of FAB-M3, megakaryocytic leukemia (FAB-M7), and early erythroid leukemias (FAB-M6). The use of antibody panels can alleviate the differential diagnosis of acute lymphoid and myeloid leukemias, especially those occurring in infants, and the discrimination of FAB-L2 and FAB-M1. Also, the immunophenotyping of presumptive hybrid leukemias can help to resolve the many questions about these leukemias with a particularly poor prognosis. The challenge for multiinstitutional groups is to define those clinically relevant subgroups of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in children that have general acceptance and could provide the basis for new treatment strategies. PMID- 3152948 TI - Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the testes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: preliminary report. AB - Eighteen patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic (ALL) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in remission and 2 patients with ALL in suspected testicular relapses were studied by testicular fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Well preserved testicular cells, both singly and in small clusters, were considered indicative of an adequate aspiration. Of 18 patients in remission, 17 had at least one adequate sample from each testis and one showed evidence of leukemic infiltrate. None of these patients experienced a relapse during a median follow up of 4 years. In 2 other patients with clinically suspected testicular relapses, the smears from fine needle aspirates contained numerous malignant lymphoid cells that could be readily distinguished from seminiferous tubular cells. The observations indicate that FNAC is a promising new approach to study testicular conditions in childhood ALL and NHL. A larger prospective study and accumulation of additional follow-up data is required before a definitive evaluation of the technique can be made. PMID- 3152949 TI - Thyroid function in children after cytostatic treatment for acute leukemia. AB - Sixty-one children were examined for thyroid dysfunction as an adverse late effect after cessation of antileukemic treatment. The aim of the study was to contribute to clarifying which types of therapy can cause this endocrine disorder. Our treatment protocols do not include cranial irradiation as CNS prophylaxis, but we give relatively intensive intrathecal methotrexate treatment. The results indicate that this cytostatic regimen alone does not cause thyroid dysfunction as an adverse late effect. PMID- 3152950 TI - Acute monoblastic leukemia as a second malignancy following chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma: a case report. AB - A patient with well-differentiated monoblastic leukemia (ANLL FAB-M5b) is described in whom acute leukemia was diagnosed 25 months after having completed postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma of the femur. All analyzed metaphases showed 48xy, dup 1(q12), +3, +9. PMID- 3152951 TI - Intracardiac thrombus and tricuspid valve obstruction: a complication of Hickman catheter use. AB - The risk of catheter-related sepsis is well recognized in immunocompromised patients with an indwelling central venous line, but the hazard of thrombus involving the right atrium is less well known. We report the case of a child who died after intraartrial thrombus obstructed the tricuspid valve. The predisposing factors and available treatment strategies are discussed. PMID- 3152953 TI - Complete response of metastatic adrenal cortical carcinoma to o,p'-DDD in a child. PMID- 3152952 TI - Severe vincristine neurotoxicity in a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. PMID- 3152954 TI - Transient response to alpha-interferon in juvenile chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. PMID- 3152955 TI - Maternal prophylactic vitamin K treatment and response in cord plasma of coagulation factor (II, VII, X) activity. PMID- 3152956 TI - Cranial computerized tomography and cerebrospinal fluid procoagulant activity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Thirty-three children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were studied using serial cranial computerized tomography (CCT) and cerebrospinal fluid procoagulant activity (PCA) for 5 years from the time of diagnosis. PCA was also studied in control children without neurological disease and in those with a variety of neurological disorders. Temporary elevation in the CSF PCA was observed during the phase of prophylactic central nervous system treatment in ALL and there was a late rise at 2-3 years off treatment. PCA also rose in the CSF following CNS disturbance in neurologically abnormal children, which suggests that the elevation observed in ALL is not specific to myelin disturbance. PMID- 3152957 TI - Methotrexate concentration levels in the cerebrospinal fluid during high-dose methotrexate infusions: an unreliable prediction. AB - In 25 children with lymphoid malignancies, 96 high-dose methotrexate infusions (3 g/m2) with a duration of 24 h have been administered as a part of the treatment schedule. A lumbar puncture was performed to apply methotrexate intrathecally. The moment of lumbar puncture during the infusion was chosen at different times. In 76 of the infusions the concentration of methotrexate in the cerebrospinal fluid and in plasma were determined just prior to the intrathecal administration. From the second to the eighth hour after the initiation of the infusion the concentration of methotrexate in the cerebrospinal fluid and in plasma were determined just prior to the intrathecal administration. From the second to the eighth hour after the initiation of the infusion the concentration of methotrexate in the cerebrospinal fluid appeared to be significantly lower than 16 or 24 h after the initiation of the infusion. Of all samples during the infusions, the plasma concentration varied a tenfold (2-20 X 10(-5) mol/L), but the cerebrospinal fluid concentration of methotrexate varied about a 300-fold (3.5-900 x 10(-8) mol/L). No correlation could be found between the plasma concentration of methotrexate and the cerebrospinal fluid concentration. It is concluded that the methotrexate concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid cannot be predicted by determining the plasma concentration. It takes at least 8 h of infusion before a steady-state concentration of methotrexate is reached in the cerebrospinal fluid. In high-dose methotrexate infusions without intrathecal therapy, the dose of 3 g/m2 is the minimum amount of methotrexate to reach the minimum therapeutic concentration 5 x 10(-7) mol/L) in the cerebrospinal fluid for the treatment of subclinical central nervous system invasion of malignant lymphoid cells. To maintain the minimum therapeutic concentration according to the CxT principle the duration of the infusion should be preferably longer than 24 h. PMID- 3152958 TI - Improved prognosis for children with stage IV neuroblastoma: high-dose melphalan and autologous unpurged marrow transplantation after aggressive surgery and short chemotherapy with cisplatinum and etoposide. AB - A new therapeutic approach was adopted for 13 consecutive patients with stage IV neuroblastoma over 1 year of age admitted to the Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, between October 1981 and August 1985. Treatment was based on induction, with aggressive, repeated early surgery and a relatively short course of chemotherapy with cisplatinum and etoposide, and on consolidation, with 140 180 mg/m2 of melphalan followed by autologous unpurged bone marrow. Induction therapy failed in only 2 of the 13 patients. One of the two was never autografted. So a total of 12 children underwent autologous marrow transplantations, 10 in primary and 1 in secondary remission, and one with residual disease. One patient died in septicemia during postmelphalan pancytopenia, and four patients relapsed 0.3-2.9 years after transplantation. Seven of the original 13 patients (54%) are well and living in continuous remission 2.3-4.1 (median 2.8) years after diagnosis. PMID- 3152960 TI - New drug combination for the treatment of relapsed brain tumors in children. PMID- 3152959 TI - Severe thrombocytopenia in sickle cell crisis. AB - Thrombocytopenia is unusual in sickle cell disease. We present the case of a child with homozygous sickle cell disease who experienced life-threatening thrombocytopenia during a prolonged and disabling vasoocclusive episode. Irreversibly sickled cells were conspicuously absent from the peripheral blood at presentation and during the subsequent protracted illness. These observations illustrate the pathophysiology of the intravascular events during vasoocclusive crisis and provide indirect evidence for the consumption of both platelets and irreversibly sickled cells at sites of infarction. PMID- 3152961 TI - Improved survival for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: possible effect of protocol compliance. AB - Survival rates were analyzed for an effectively population-based series of 77 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated at one hospital during 1970 1981. Treatment was according to Medical Research Council protocols UKALL I to UKALL VII but with a great emphasis on compliance. The relapse-free survival rate was 54.5% at 5 years. The overall 5-year survival rate of 64% was substantially higher than the 47% recorded during a similar period over the rest of Britain. The difference between survival rates in this series and nationally was especially marked for children aged 2-9 years (76% versus 50%) and with white blood count under 10 x 10(9)/L (87% versus 57%). For both of these groups, the survival rates achieved were similar to those now being recorded for the UKALL VIII trial in which treatment is more sustained than in its predecessors and there is greater emphasis on doctor compliance with protocol. These results suggest that although the advantage of UKALL VIII over previous trials for poor prognosis patients may be attributed to the more sustained treatment, the improvement for good prognosis patients may be due to more rigorous compliance with protocol. PMID- 3152962 TI - Treatment of childhood acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with high-dose cytosine arabinoside, 6-thioguanine, and doxorubicin without maintenance therapy: pilot study ANLL-80 of the Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group (DCLSG). AB - A pilot study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of remission induction therapy with 1000 mg/m2 high-dose cytosine-arabinoside (one i.v. push injection every 24 h, days 1-12), 65 mg/m2 6-thioguanine (orally, days 1-12), and 40 mg/m2 doxorubicin (i.v., days 13 and 14) without maintenance or consolidation therapy as a possible cure of childhood acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Children in first remission with a suitable donor were offered the opportunity of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Between March 1980 and June 1981, 24 of 27 consecutive, newly diagnosed children entered the pilot study. Complete remission was achieved in 15 (71.4%) of 21 treated patients. Eleven children received no further therapy: 9 relapsed within 5 months (all hematologically), 2 have been in longstanding continuous complete remission (CCR) for 70+ and 77+ months. Four children underwent allogeneic BMT: 2 have been in CCR for 68+ and 75+ months, 1 child died of graft-versus-host disease, and 1 child relapsed 60 months after BMT. Although the remission rate (71.4%) was satisfactory, only a minority (18%) of the patients who received no further therapy seem to be cured. PMID- 3152963 TI - Postnatal anemia and thrombocytosis in suckling rabbits: influence of delayed weaning and iron supplies. AB - Two groups of suckling rabbits were studied from the 15th to the 40th day after birth, one group receiving mothers milk only, the other having the choice of iron containing food pellets from the 20th day. In the milk-only group, the plasma iron concentration (P-Fe), blood hemoglobin concentration (B-Hb), red blood cell count (B-RBC), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) declined continuously, whereas the hemoglobin mass of the blood (Hb-mass) remained unchanged, and the blood platelet count (B-PLTS), plasma platelet count (P-PLTS), and the estimated platelet release to the blood (PLT-release) showed a continuous rise. The milk pellet group showed the same pattern until the 25th-30th day; thereafter, P-Fe, B Hb, and Hb-mass rose markedly, whereas B-PLTS and PLT-release declined. At the time of weaning, both groups showed bimodal erythrocyte volume distribution curves. Thereafter, the milk-only group developed a pure microcytemia, whereas the milk-pellet group got normovolemic erythrocytes only. In conclusion, the erythropoiesis in suckling rabbits is characterized by a balanced recycling of an essentially constant amount of available iron, preventing rise of Hb-mass. The anemia thus reflects a failure of the Hb-mass to keep up with the growth-related rise in plasma volume. A close relationship exists between postnatal iron deficient microcytic anemia and thrombocytosis. PMID- 3152964 TI - Height of children off therapy after acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - A total of 290 children off therapy after acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in continuous complete remission for at least 2 years, were evaluated for height at the onset of the disease and at the most recent clinical visit (median time after suspension of treatment 4 years 4 months, range 2 years-11 years 3 months). All patients had been treated with multidrug schedules; intrathecal drugs had been given to 84% of the patients for prevention of CNS involvement, associated with radiotherapy. The height percentiles at the most recent examination were shifted downward significantly compared with the expected pattern (p less than 0.001). The effect on stature was much more marked in girls, with a reduction of height percentiles at most recent examination from expected and from diagnosis; in males there was a reduction from diagnosis to latest follow-up, but the values were within the limits of normal. The short stature was mostly observed in pubertal girls and in patients who had undergone radiotherapy. PMID- 3152965 TI - Computerized psychometry screening in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - This study assessed the diagnostic utility of a computerized psychometry battery of tests: the Bexley-Maudsley Automated Psychological Screening Test and Category Sorting Test in the screening for deficits in cognitive function in a population of children who had been treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Central nervous system therapy with radiotherapy and intrathecal chemotherapy has been incriminated as a cause of psychological morbidity in survivors. Twenty-nine children who were surviving in their first hematological remission, following cessation of their treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, were studied. No child had evidence of central nervous system leukemic involvement, and they were all attending normal schools. Their performances were compared with 29 control children matched by age, sex, and social class. The children treated for leukemia showed a reduced ability to sustain attention (p less than 0.025), a reduction in verbal recognition short term memory (p less than 0.02), and difficulties in abstract problem solving (p less than 0.01). These results confirm the presence of neurophysical morbidity in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It is suggested that this computerized psychometry test battery is a useful method for examining children at risk of neurological impairment and identifies specific deficits that require further evaluation and remedial help. PMID- 3152966 TI - Echocardiographic findings in children treated for malignancy with chemotherapy including adriamycin. AB - Thirty-seven children receiving chemotherapy including adriamycin were studied with echocardiography. Abnormal left ventricular function assessed by systolic time intervals (STI) and/or left ventricular shortening fraction (delta LVID) was present in 30%, and dilated left ventricle was in 45% of the case, often accompanied by thinning the left ventricular wall. Three patients developed congestive heart failure, one with fatal outcome. Two of these patients had received chest irradiation along with the chemotherapeutic treatment. These three patients with overt heart failure had gross abnormalities in several echocardiographic variables of which delta LVID seemed most specific. PMID- 3152967 TI - Urinary catecholamines and their metabolites in management of neuroblastoma. AB - Measurements of urinary total catecholamines expressed as dopamine (TC) and their metabolites, total metadrenalines (TM) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy mandelic acid (HMMA) were made on 24-h urine collections from 56 previously untreated children with neuroblastoma. All results were expressed as a ratio to the creatinine excretion and were compared with "smoothed" age-related reference ranges derived from results in 704 children with other illnesses. Urinary catecholamines/metabolites excretion was elevated in 55 of the 56 patients, the exception being a baby with opsomyoclonus. TC was raised in 47, HMMA in 41, and TM in 37. Eleven patients had elevations of one parameter (TC in 10, HMMA in 1), 15 had 2 elevated levels, and 29 had elevations of all three. The TM level was the least contributory, as in no patient was it the only parameter elevated. Serial measurements were performed in 40 children, and the results correlated closely with the clinical progress of the disease and in some children permitted early detection of recurrence. PMID- 3152968 TI - Recurrent strokes in two siblings with sickle-cell disease and von Willebrand's disease: implications of the role of platelets. AB - Antiplatelet therapy is known to be beneficial in reducing the incidence of transient ischemic attacks and cerebral infarctions in nonsickling populations. We report two siblings with homozygous sickle-disease and von Willebrand's disease who had recurrent cerebral infarctions (stokes) and transient ischemic attacks despite an inherent inhibitory platelet effect from their vWd and antiplatelet therapy. The development of stroke in patients with sickle hemoglobinopathies and the possible role of platelets and antiplatelet therapy in cerebrovascular accidents in sickle-cell anemia are discussed. PMID- 3152969 TI - Anthracycline-induced congestive heart failure in two pediatric leukemia cases and long term follow-up. AB - Endomyocardial biopsy was performed on two leukemia patients who had recovered from severe congestive heart failure (CHF) due to anthracycline cardiomyopathy at 41 months and 47 months after CHF. Microscopic myocardial findings in both patients revealed that myocytes were hypertrophic, but interstitial fibrosis was not observed, suggesting a compensatory mechanism for the damaged heart muscle during the acute episode of CHF. The improvement of clinical symptoms and the normalization of cardiac function, including fractional shortening and ECG changes, is thought to have been associated with this myocardial repairing process. PMID- 3152970 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma of bladder and prostate. PMID- 3152971 TI - White cell count during maintenance chemotherapy for standard-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: relation to relapse rate. AB - In a retrospective study of 84 children with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed in 1981-1986, mean white cell count (mWBC) during maintenance chemotherapy (MT) was found to be significantly related to risk of hematological relapse, giving patients with the higher mWBC the poorer outcome. The only other significant relapse-related risk factor was white-cell count at diagnosis. mWBC was not significantly related to white cell count at diagnosis, sex, age, or dose of methotrexate or mercaptopurine. Patients with low mWBC also had relatively low white-cell counts after cessation of therapy when compared with patients with high mWBC. PMID- 3152972 TI - Pregnancy outcome following treatment during childhood or adolescence for Hodgkin's disease. AB - To evaluate the outcome of pregnancies occurring after the completion of treatment for Hodgkin's disease in children or adolescents, questionnaires were sent to 93 former patients diagnosed after January 1, 1960, who were currently 18 or more years of age and 5 or more years from the date of diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. Forty-eight pregnancies were reported by twenty-two of the former patients or their spouses. Fifteen female patients had thirty-three pregnancies, of which three were electively terminated, two aborted spontaneously, four were stillborn, and twenty-four resulted in the birth of full-term infants, one of whom was small for gestational age. The spouses of seven male patients reported 14 pregnancies, of which two aborted spontaneously, three are in gestation, and nine resulted in the birth of full-term infants. Congenital anomalies were diagnosed in 9% (3/33) of the liveborn offspring, a frequency similar to that reported for the general population. The reported anomalies included lacrimal duct blockage, hydrocele, and ventricular septal defect. None of these children has been diagnosed with any type of childhood cancer. PMID- 3152973 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity in children during and after therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity is considered to play a major role in immune defense and in particular in the killing of virus-infected and neoplastic cells. It appears to have some interesting implications when considering the infectious risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) children during immunosuppressive chemotherapy and the role of self-defense against minimal residual disease. We have studied natural killer (NK) activity and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity in children during and after treatment for ALL. We observed that peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 22 children undergoing maintenance chemotherapy displayed significantly depressed NK activity compared with normal controls even when the proportion of NK cells was normal. LAK activity was also considered in 43 ALL children during and after maintenance chemotherapy. We observed that LAK activity was persistently comparable with that of normal controls. It seems definite that NK activity impairment is transient and is completely restored in ALL children a few months after chemotherapy has been successfully completed. The evidence that LAK activity is not impaired in ALL children may have some implications in view of a possible immunomodulatory approach in the presence of refractory disease. PMID- 3152974 TI - Three consecutive primary malignancies in one patient during childhood. AB - Patients with a primary immunodeficiency syndrome have an increased risk of developing a malignancy. Lymphoreticular malignancies are the most common malignancies in these patients. Patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) also appear to be at a high risk for the development of nonlymphoid tumors--in particular, carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system tumors. We describe a child with an immunodeficiency and slight neurological manifestations. During childhood she developed three consecutive primary malignancies. PMID- 3152975 TI - Deferoxamine (Desferal)-induced ocular toxicity. AB - A 4-year-old girl with juvenile chronic myeloid leukemia relapsed after an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and became refractory to conventional chemotherapy. Treatment with two courses of high-dose deferoxamine, an iron chelator (130-180 mg/kg/day), along with low-dose ARA-c (5 mg/kg/day) caused a remarkable decrease of the WBC and fetal Hb. Three days following the last dose of deferoxamine, the patient experienced an acute visual loss, confirmed by electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked response (VER). Slight improvement occurred a few days later, but the patient developed severe pancytopenia and died of Klebsiella septic shock. The ocular manifestations were attributed to deferoxamine toxicity in light of the rapid onset after first exposure, the electrophysiological pattern of metabolic damage in the ERG and VER, and the long interval between the last chemotherapy and BMT. The pathogenesis of deferoxamine toxicity is discussed. PMID- 3152976 TI - Abnormal serum phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio and hyperferritinemia in malignant histiocytosis. AB - Nine cases of childhood malignant histiocytosis (MH) showed an abnormally high serum phenylalanine (Phe)/tyrosine (Tyr) ratio (3.47 +/- 1.32) coincident with hyperferritinemia (50,800 +/- 33,600 ng/ml). Lactate dehydrogenase activity was also increased in these patients. These values were compared with data on sera from two groups of patients, acute leukemia cases (n = 14) and measles cases (n = 13), and with control values from normal healthy children (n = 38). The Phe/Tyr ratio was 1.57 +/- 0.54 for the acute leukemia (p less than 0.01) and 2.58 +/- 1.46 for the measles cases (NS), serum ferritin was 245 +/- 124 ng/ml for acute leukemia (p less than 0.01) and 167 +/- 117 ng/ml for measles (p less than 0.01). Accordingly, the concurrence of both abnormalities is considered to be characteristic for MH. It was also found that both serum Phe/Tyr ratio and ferritin levels reflect the disease activity, indicating that these two factors are useful prognostic indicators in the treatment of patients with MH. PMID- 3152977 TI - Near-haploidy in childhood leukemia: a high-risk component. AB - We present a 4-year-old girl with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and only 25 chromosomes at cytogenetic examination of her bone marrow. Severe hypodiploidy is extremely rare in childhood leukemia and is almost exclusively associated with ALL. To our knowledge only six cases with banded metaphases have been published. The chromosome number in the present case is the lowest ever reported. Our patient as well as other reported cases have disomy for chromosome 21. The prognosis for ALL with hypodiploidy is poor with a reported mean survival of 9 months. All published patients are females. PMID- 3152978 TI - Systemic vasculitis followed by chronic myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 3152979 TI - Soft tissue mass as a presenting symptom in Langerhans-cell histiocytosis. PMID- 3152980 TI - Annual meeting of the Club Francais de Nephrologie Pediatrique. January 22-24, 1987, Les Diablerets, Switzerland. Abstracts. PMID- 3152981 TI - Interrelationship between organelles in kidney cells of adult and developing rat. AB - The morphologic interrelationships between mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and other organelles were examined in rat kidney cells by stereomicroscopy of thick sections (0.3-1.0 micron) using either standard transmission (80-100 kV) or high voltage (1 mEV) electron microscopy. Mitochondria fit into three different categories: (1) elongated cylinders observed in S1 and S2 segments; (2) irregular lamina in the cortical ascending limb or plates in the distal straight and convoluted segments; (3) small spheres or short rods mostly in intercalated and principal cells of the collecting tubule. The chondrioma occupies a large volume in all cells except in the thin limb and in principal cells of the collecting tubule. This volume occupied by the chondrioma is likely to be related to metabolic functions, but its polymorphic configuration could also be explained by a passive adaptation of the mitochondria to the space left by the basilar membrane infoldings and the ER network, which was found to have an extensive three-dimensional organization which varies, as for the mitochondria, with the cell type. In fact, in the proximal nephron, mitochondria surrounded by the ER and the plasma membranes appear to form a functional unit. Organelle interrelationship is extensively modified during ontogeny or under hormonal influence. Disruption in organelle relationships or in their motility could probably have far reaching consequences which would be more deleterious than the pathological lesions observed at the level of a single organelle. The extent of the disassembly can be fully explored only with thick sections and stereomicroscopy. PMID- 3152982 TI - Structural and functional development of outer versus inner cortical proximal tubules. AB - The concept of centrifugal renal development is based on renal embryogenesis. It implies a relationship between nephron age and nephron position along a cortical to medullary axis. In common usage, however, it often also implies a relationship between nephron age or position and nephron maturity. We consider here whether the ideas of centrifugal development and centrifugal maturation should in fact be considered as separate and distinct concepts. That is, we consider the possibility that nephron maturity does not necessarily correlate with nephron age. Unfortunately, pertinent reported data give no clear answer. We conclude only that further study will be required before definitive conclusions about renal developmental stages can be stated with certainty. PMID- 3152983 TI - The expression of cell adhesion molecules, cadherins: markers of kidney morphogenesis. AB - Cadherins are protein molecules that promote cell adhesion in the presence of calcium. There are several classes of cadherins. The expression of two of these, namely the N- and E-cadherins, is intrinsically associated with the embryonic development of the kidney and thus their study provides a molecular basis for understanding the epithelial organization of this organ. PMID- 3152984 TI - Prophylactic co-trimoxazole and trimethoprim in the management of urinary tract infection in children. AB - In a prospective study of low-dose antibacterial prophylaxis of childhood urinary tract infection (UTI), co-trimoxazole and trimethoprim (TMP) have been compared for efficacy in preventing UTI, for their effect on the rectal flora and for secular selection of TMP-resistant organisms. Between 1979 and 1986, 334 children who had proven infection of an unobstructed urinary tract complied in a regimen of low-dose prophylaxis together with measures to eliminate residual urine for at least 6 months. Of these children, 167 had vesico-ureteric reflux and 27 had renal scarring. There was no difference between the two drugs in compliance, which was very good, or in the occurrence of side-effects, which were minimal. Recurrence rates of further infection were 1 per 22 child years for the 226 children receiving cotrimoxazole and 1 per 18 child years for the 108 receiving TMP. All but one of these urinary pathogens were resistant to TMP and reinfection of the urinary tract generally occurred following lapses in attention to complete bladder emptying. Neither a secular increase in recurrent infections during this period, nor a significant change in the proportions of TMP-resistant faecal coliform organisms, was observed. TMP and co-trimoxazole appeared to be equally effective prophylactic agents. PMID- 3152985 TI - Epidermal growth factor in the mouse kidney: developmental changes and intranephron localizations. AB - The developmental changes in epidermal growth factor (EGF) have been studied in tissue homogenates, kidney slices, and microdissected nephron segments of the mouse. Immunoreactive EGF concentration per milligram of protein increased in the kidney by about 20-fold from 1 week to 3 weeks of life, reaching the highest levels between 5 and 7 weeks, and decreasing by 10 weeks of life. The time course of the changes was different from those of submaxillary and urinary EGF. Above 7 weeks of age, kidney EGF was higher in female than in male mice. Among various zones of the kidney (outer cortex, inner cortex, outer medulla I, II and papilla), the outer medulla I and II contained the highest quantities of EGF per gram of wet tissue. The highest EGF content per millimeter length was observed in the medullary and cortical thick ascending limbs of Henle's loop. The amounts exceeded by about 4.5-fold those found in glomeruli and in proximal convoluted and proximal straight tubules, and by about 3-fold those present in distal and collecting tubules. Unilateral nephrectomy resulted in no significant changes in EGF levels in the contralateral kidney. The results suggest that the ontogeny of kidney EGF is different from that of the EGF found in the submaxillary gland, and that there is nephron heterogeneity in EGF content. PMID- 3152986 TI - Renal reabsorption of phosphate during development: tubular events. AB - Studies performed in our laboratory on the isolated perfused kidney of the guinea pig have demonstrated that the rate of Pi reabsorption is substantially greater in the newborn than in the adult, when appropriate corrections are being made either for differences in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or in renal tubular mass. In order to determine the location of this enhanced reabsorption along the nephron, micropuncture experiments were performed on euvolemic, non-fasted guinea pigs 5-14 and 42-49 days of age, maintained on standard guinea-pig chow diet (0.76% Pi). Concomitant measurements of overall kidney function were also obtained. The results confirmed that fractional reabsorption of Pi (TRPi%) across the entire kidney was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in the newborn (89.93 +/- 2.55%) than in the adult (78.25 +/- 2.89%) animals. The difference was also significant (P less than 0.05) when TRPi was expressed in mol/ml GFR (1.87 +/- 0.14 vs 1.53 +/- 0.12, respectively). At comparable locations along the proximal tubule (TF/Pin of 1.90 +/- 0.16 in the newborn, and 1.79 +/- 0.15 in the adult, P greater than 0.70), the fraction of the filtered load of Pi reabsorbed was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in the immature (76.66 +/- 2.74%) than in the mature (67.21 +/- 2.74%) guinea pigs. Estimates based on the differences between proximal Pi reabsorption and the urinary excretion of Pi indicate that the reabsorption of Pi in tubular segments located beyond the proximal tubule is also enhanced in the newborn when compared with the adult (15.62 +/- 2.11% vs 10.51 +/- 1.83%, respectively, P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3152987 TI - Postnatal maturation of the rabbit cortical collecting duct. AB - The mature, fully differentiated cortical collecting duct plays a major role in the final renal regulation of Na+, K+ and H+ transport. To characterize the growth of this segment, we measured the outer diameter and the dry weight of cortical collecting ducts isolated from newborn, 1-month-old, and adult rabbits. During the 1st month of life no significant changes were observed; however, there was a 60% increase in both parameters after the 4th week of life. Growth-related accretion of K+ was demonstrated by showing tubular K+ content to increase by 60% with maturation. Concomitant with the increase in tubular size, total cell number per millimeter of tubular length rose by 30%. Approximately 50% of the observed increment in tubular size could be accounted for by cell hyperplasia, with the remaining increase resulting from cell hypertrophy. Hypertrophy of principal cells was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, which demonstrated a doubling of the circumferential width without any change in longitudinal length. Hyperplasia was confirmed, using a fluorescent chromatin stain, by our finding of a mitotic frequency of 3/1000 cells in the neonatal mid-cortical collecting duct; the observed number of mitoses was 10-fold higher at the most cortical end (ampulla). The number of intercalated cells per millimeter of tubule length, identified by bright green fluorescence after cortical collecting ducts were stained with 6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate, was found to double during maturation, the increase being significant only after the 4th postnatal week. We conclude that maturation of the mid-cortical collecting duct results from both cellular hyperplasia and hypertrophy. It is unlikely that this segment plays a major role in regulating Na+, K+, and H+ transport in the neonatal kidney. PMID- 3152988 TI - Renal adaptation to dietary amino acid alteration is expressed in immature renal brush border membranes. AB - The transport of ions and solutes at the epithelial surface of the renal proximal tubule increases during periods of reduced dietary intake and decreases with dietary excess. We have used the sulfur-containing beta-amino acid, taurine, as a probe of this renal adaptive response to altered dietary sulfur amino acid intake to better understand the mechanisms of renal amino acid reabsorption. There exists an age-related precession of taurine uptake values by brush border membrane vesicles prepared from nursing rats from youngest to oldest. However, despite the immaturity of this transport mechanism, epithelial membranes become able to display a full renal adaptive response to altered sulfur amino acid intake sometime between the 7th and 14th day of life. This adaptive response is expressed in both "up regulation" and "down regulation" by means of a change in the initial rate of Na(+)-taurine cotransport. No changes in the lipid microenvironment of the membrane, as assessed by measurements of membrane fluidity, are evident. The lack of adaptation observed in 7-day-old pups may be due to immaturity of the Na+ transporting mechanism which energizes the uptake of amino acids. PMID- 3152989 TI - Hormonal control of postnatal development of renal tubular transport of weak organic acids. AB - We have postulated that the maturation of the renal transport mechanism for weak organic acids is controlled by thyroid and adrenal hormones. Administration of T3 and T4 (20 micrograms/100 g body wt. for 3 days) to immature rats enhanced by approximately 50% the accumulation of p-aminohippurate (PAH) in renal cortical slices of 5- to 30-day-old rats. The effect of T3 was lower, while T4 had no effect, in 50- and 105-day-old animals. Enhancement of PAH transport became apparent 24 h and disappeared by 9 days after the end of hormone treatment. Administration of a booster dose of T3 (1 microgram/100 g body wt.) on day 9 brought the level of PAH accumulation to values similar to those observed 24 h after the end of the initial 3 days of T3 administration. Dexamethasone administration (80 mg/100 g body wt. for 3 days) affected PAH uptake only in cortical slices obtained from 5-day-old rats. Changes in PAH accumulation did not correlate with changes in kidney weight or protein synthesis, indicating that they were mediated by the hormones rather than being consequent to growth. PMID- 3152991 TI - Dopaminergic control of neonatal salt and water metabolism. AB - There is reason to believe that the dopaminergic system plays a role in the control of salt and water metabolism in the neonate. Therefore, we performed a series of studies designed to test this assumption and reveal the relationship between dopamine (DA) and other factors known to affect salt and water balance. The postnatal course of urinary dopamine excretion was assessed in a group of premature infants kept on low or high salt diet. A clear association between sodium depletion and increased DA excretion, and between reduction in DA excretion and restoration of salt balance was demonstrated. In premature infants with cardiopulmonary distress, DA therapy resulted in an increase in sodium and water diuresis, enhanced plasma renin activity (PRA) and decreased plasma prolactin level; the plasma aldosterone (pAldo) level remained stable. Metoclopramide (MTC), a specific DA antagonist given to premature infants to treat functional gastrointestinal disturbances, induced an increase in Na+ and water excretion which was associated with significant falls in plasma and urinary aldosterone, but left PRA unaltered. Arginine vasopressin excretion also fell after MTC, but this change was not associated with increased free water clearance. These results suggest that endogenous DA has no apparent influence on PRA and, contrary to findings in adults, it stimulates the secretion of aldosterone and vasopressin and thus tubular sodium and water reabsorption. PMID- 3152990 TI - Dopamine receptors in the developing sheep kidney. AB - These studies were designed to characterize dopamine receptor density and affinity in kidneys removed from sheep of varying ages (fetal, newborn, and adult) using radioligand binding methods. Three different radioligands were used: the specific dopamine-1 antagonist 3H-SCH 23390, the dopamine-1/dopamine-2 antagonist 3H-haloperidol, and the dopamine-2 antagonist 3H-spiroperidol. The specific binding of 3H-haloperidol and 3H-spiroperidol was saturable with time and ligand concentration, being indicative of dopamine receptors. The specific binding of the dopamine-1 selective radioligand 3H-SCH 23390 was also saturable with time but displayed several points of saturation with increasing ligand concentration. The specific binding of 3H-haloperidol, which had a low affinity and is indicative of dopamine-1 receptors, showed no age-related changes in maximum receptor density or affinity. On the other hand, the maximum receptor density of dopamine-2 receptors measured by 3H-spiroperidol decreased with age. The observations that renal dopamine-1 receptor density or affinity do not change with maturation are in agreement with our previous studies that showed no age related changes in dopamine-receptor-mediated renal vasodilatation in sheep. The significance of the decrease in renal dopamine-2 receptor density with age remains to be determined. PMID- 3152992 TI - 1,25(OH)2D and 24,25(OH)2D production in the developing kidney. AB - To clarify the state of vitamin D production by the developing kidney, firstly, we measured serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D and 24,25(OH)2D in humans of different ages (pregnant and nonpregnant women, adult males, children and newborn infants) and secondly, we measured 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylase activity in the kidney mitochondria of rats at different ages. The mean serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D in pregnant women, cord blood and newborns were significantly higher than those in children and nonpregnant women and adult males. In newborns, the level increased with gestational age. Synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D was, at least in part, under the control of the fetus and newborn, rather then being solely a reflection of the conditions prevailing in the mother. The 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity in mitochondria was highest in the 1- to 2-month-old rats, and it decreased gradually thereafter. The change in 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity with age was due to a change in the Vmax of the system. PMID- 3152993 TI - Vitamin D metabolism and phosphate transport in developing kidney: effect of diet and mutation. AB - In order to obtain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in phosphate reabsorption and vitamin D hormone production by mammalian kidney, we have devoted our efforts to the study of a mutant mouse model (Hyp). Studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that Na(+)-dependent phosphate transport is significantly reduced in renal brush border membrane vesicles derived from Hyp mice and that the regulation of the renal mitochondrial enzymes which metabolize 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) is impaired in the mutant strain. The demonstration of abnormal phosphate transport and 25-OH-D3 metabolism in proximal tubule cells derived from Hyp kidney after 6-8 days in culture indicates that the mutant renal phenotype is independent of circulating factors and, therefore, intrinsic to the kidney. However, the precise relationship between these two proximal tubular abnormalities is poorly understood. Because the Hyp mutation segregates as a Mendelian trait, it is very likely that one mutant gene is responsible for the biochemical and clinical phenotype. Several hypotheses are put forth to explain the nature of the primary mutation in the Hyp mouse. PMID- 3152994 TI - Renal handling of uric acid under cyclosporin A treatment. AB - The renal handling of uric acid during cyclosporin A (CyA) treatment was investigated by clearance studies using 24-h urine collections in 28 paediatric renal transplant recipients (CyA group), and the results were compared with those of 19 renal transplanted children treated with azathioprine and prednisolone (AZA group), 35 children with chronic renal failure (CRF) and 10 children with normal renal function (N group). Serum uric acid levels were significantly higher in the CyA group (567 +/- 156 mumol/l) compared with the AZA group (378 +/- 98), the CRF group (415 +/- 119) and the N group (290 +/- 68). Mean uric acid clearances in each group measured 3.9 +/- 2.8 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (CyA), 5.6 +/- 3.4 (AZA), 4.0 +/- 2.2 (CRF) and 8.4 +/- 3.7 (N). Calculation of the net tubular uric acid reabsorption per millilitre glomerular filtration rate revealed a significantly increased value of 0.53 +/- 0.15 mumol/ml in the CyA group (P less than 0.01) compared with 0.34 +/- 0.08, 0.29 +/- 0.15 and 0.27 +/- 0.07 mumol/l for the AZA, CRF and N groups respectively. We therefore conclude that CyA treatment is associated with an increased net tubular reabsorption of uric acid, which may lead to hyperuricaemia. PMID- 3152995 TI - Long term follow-up of bone mineral status in children with renal disease. AB - Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured by photon absorptiometry in the non dominant forearm of children with chronic renal failure followed for a total of 2472 months. From 48 children, 302 measurements were made, and changes which occurred in BMC over time were correlated with several factors. Patients were divided into those who had received glucocorticoids (group 1) and those who had not (group 2). Group 1 patients had a lower mean serum creatinine (Cr) (p less than 0.05), a lower growth velocity (p greater than 0.02) and were more demineralized than group 2 patients. There was no correlation between BMC and height velocity or estimated creatinine clearance. BMC and height Z-score (SDS) were highly correlated. Over the period of study, group 1 patients remained shorter, had a lower height velocity, a lower BMC Z-score and a lower BMC for each serum creatinine level. Long-term therapeutic intervention with oral 1,25(OH)2D improved bone mineral status in three children in the nonsteroid group, but none of those in the steroid group. This study demonstrates that steroid administration is probably the most important factor causing bone demineralization, possibly even more important than renal failure. PMID- 3152996 TI - Validity of whole blood osmolality measurement in sick neonates. AB - A comparison of heparinized whole blood with plasma osmolality measurements was performed on 100 sick newborns using a vapor pressure osometer. Aliquots of blood samples which had been collected into 1-ml syringes containing sodium heparin for blood gas analyses were used for osmolality determinations. There was excellent correlation between the two methods (r = 0.993). A total of 85 samples agreed within 2.0 units. In 38 samples the results obtained by the two methods were identical. The maximum observed discrepancy, present in only 2 samples, was 4 mosmol. Thus, the measurement of whole blood or plasma osmolality provides comparable information. The simplicity, the small volume of the blood sample required and the rapidity of the method make the determination of whole blood osmolality particularly useful in newborns requiring intensive care. PMID- 3152997 TI - Atrial fibrillation following methylprednisolone pulse therapy. AB - Two children, one with renal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus and the other with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, were treated with methylprednisolone pulses. Neither had previous evidence of underlying cardiac disease. Within 24 h of pulse therapy, they complained of palpitations and developed atrial fibrillation which reversed spontaneously or after anti arrhythmic therapy. Subsequent serial electro- and echocardiograms were normal. We propose that the arrhythmias were a complication of steroid pulse therapy. PMID- 3152998 TI - Intrapericardial triamcinolone hexacetonide in the treatment of intractable uremic pericarditis in a child. AB - Uremic pericarditis in children on chronic hemodialysis represents a difficult management problem, necessitating vigorous medical therapy and often surgical drainage of the pericardial effusion. Standard therapeutic approaches have met with limited success. The successful use of intrapericardial triamcinolone in a 10-year anephric boy on chronic dialysis is reported and accompanied by a description of the technique applied and literature review. PMID- 3153001 TI - Neonatal obstructive uropathy. AB - Neonatal obstructive uropathy is the leading cause of renal failure during infancy. A variety of upper and lower genito-urinary (GU) tract disorders may cause obstructive uropathy. The prompt diagnosis and evaluation of obstructive uropathy is imperative since appropriate intervention and follow-up can lead to excellent early recovery of function. The role of in utero diagnosis is primarily to alert physicians to the presence of obstructive uropathy and permit rapid initiation of care at birth or earlier in certain instances. The GU tract must be evaluated for evidence of dilatation, for reflux and for renal function using radionuclide studies, voiding cystourethrograms, cystoscopy and pyelography. The early course of neonatal obstructive uropathy has been improved by institution of GU diversion and primary repair, yet the effect of early surgical intervention and medical therapy in preventing renal failure remains unclear. Further studies are needed to identify prognostic features heralding progression to renal failure and how such progression can be prevented. PMID- 3153000 TI - Investigation of the dilated urinary tract. AB - Dilatation of the urinary tract does not necessarily imply obstruction, and other factors may be operative: maldevelopment, infection, reflux, and polyuria. Obstruction of the urinary tract in intra-uterine life is associated with renal dysplasia: the original obstructive lesion may be transient but the consequent dysplasia and dilatation may be permanent. Routine antenatal ultrasound identifies a new population of infants with urinary tract dilatation, many of whom remain asymptomatic and would not otherwise have come to medical attention: the natural history and appropriate schedules of investigation and management of this group are still being evaluated. Anatomical imaging by ultrasound establishes the presence and extent of dilatation. Micturating cystourethrography, intravenous urography and antegrade pyelography establish the site but not the functional significance of an obstructive lesion. Isotope renal scanning with 99mTc-DTPA may identify an acutely obstructed kidney with a decrease renal uptake, prolonged parenchymal transit time, and delayed clearance of the isotope from the renal pelvis after furosemide. However, such analyses often give equivocal results in infants with poor renal function and markedly dilated urinary tracts. Obstructive uropathy should be seen as a disturbance of the normal pressure-flow relationships in the urinary tract, and be defined and investigated as such. Antegrade perfusion with renal pelvic pressure measurements has technical pitfalls, but is the definitive method of establishing upper tract obstruction. Videocystourethrography is the established method of investigating the lower urinary tract in older children but needs further development to be applicable to infants. PMID- 3153002 TI - Urology. PMID- 3153003 TI - Immunology. PMID- 3153004 TI - Acquired cystic kidney disease in children undergoing long-term dialysis. AB - Acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) occurs in adult patients undergoing long term dialysis. Early detection is important because clinically significant hematuria and malignancies are associated with ACKD. We evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (US) the incidence of ACKD in 15 patients aged 7.3-21.6 years (mean 15.9 years) with non-cystic primary renal disease. Nine patients had been treated with peritoneal dialysis only, and 6 with both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis for 24-73 months (mean 37 months). Three patients (20%) had no cysts. In 5 patients (33%) with bilateral multiple cysts, the diagnosis of ACKD was made by MRI and US. In another 5 patients, solitary cysts were localized to one kidney by MRI, and in 2 patients solitary cysts were seen in both kidneys. This study documents that ACKD is not limited to older patients with end-stage renal disease. Early detection of these cysts can be accomplished by MRI and is warranted since 1 patient developed neoplastic tubular changes which can precede tumor formation. PMID- 3152999 TI - Effects of obstruction on renal functions. AB - Following ureteral obstruction there is a progressive fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) due to a reduction in single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) and a reduced number of filtering nephrons. Renal plasma flow also declines after a transient, prostaglandin-dependent increase, due to afferent and efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction. The vasoactive hormones thromboxane A2 and angiotensin II are implicated in the pathogenesis of the vasoconstriction following ureteral obstruction and they also reduce the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient by causing mesangial contraction. Ureteral obstruction also leads to profound changes in renal tubular cell function. These include altered sodium and water handling resulting in a post-obstructive diuresis and natriuresis and a failure to dilute or concentrate the urine. Potassium and divalent cation exchange is also affected, as is urinary acidification. Furthermore, the response of the tubule to hormones such as antidiuretic hormone and parathyroid hormone is impaired. The pathophysiology of these alterations in renal function is discussed. PMID- 3153005 TI - Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Developmental Renal Physiology. September 6-7, 1986, Tokyo, Japan. PMID- 3153006 TI - Development of the glomerular mesangium. AB - The development of the glomerular mesangium was studied in fetal and newborn rat kidneys by using a widefield electron microscope which can cover a whole glomerulus within one low-power viewfield. A three-dimensional observation of the immature glomeruli was done by performing ultrathin serial sectionings of the specimen for electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopic observation of the developing glomeruli was also performed. The developmental distribution of contractile protein (actin) in mesangial cells and the main intrinsic component of the extracellular matrix protein (type IV collagen) of the mesangium were examined by immunohistological techniques. The widefield electron micrograph revealed a precise relationship between the mesangium and other components of the glomerulus. The results confirmed that the capillary extends into the S-shaped body from the surrounding vascular system at the initiation of nephronogenesis. The mesangial cells are always continuous to the vascular pericyte-smooth muscle cell system during the whole course of glomerular development and they participate in the subdivision of the capillary network during glomerulogenesis. Morphological findings and the changing distribution of intra- and extracellular proteins of the mesangium during development suggest that the mesangial cell differentiates from the primitive pericyte of the immature capillary. PMID- 3153008 TI - Kidney function in adults born with unilateral renal agenesis or nephrectomized in childhood. AB - We have evaluated the long-term prognosis in an unselected group of adult patients either uni-nephrectomized in childhood because of hydronephrosis or born with unilateral renal agenesis. Thirty-six patients aged 7-47 years were followed for 7-40 years. In 23 control subjects aged 20-47 years the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the p-aminohippuric acid clearance (CPAH) did not change significantly with age. In patients with a single kidney the size of that kidney was larger and GFR and CPAH were higher than single kidney values in control subjects. However, in patients with a single kidney since childhood the GFR and the CPAH declined slowly but significantly during the follow-up period. Significant microalbuminuria occurred in 47% of the patients with a single kidney and was more frequent with a longer follow-up period. No patient had renal insufficiency or a marked increase in arterial blood pressure. We conclude that in patients with a single kidney since childhood the long-term prognosis is good, but the late decrease in GFR and increase in albumin excretion may indicate a moderate risk for premature renal damage. PMID- 3153007 TI - Renal epithelial development in organotypic culture. AB - An in vitro model system for the experimental study of renal epithelial differentiation is described. Fetal murine metanephric tissue consisting of nephrogenic blastema and branched ureteric bud is isolated following 24-36 h of natural embryonic inductive interaction (13 +/- 0.4 days gestation) and cultured as an intact organ in a Trowell-type assembly. During 120 h of organ culture incubation in completely defined serum-free medium, advanced organotypic proximal tubular and glomerular epithelial differentiation proceed in the absence of vascularization, perfusion, and urine production. The system thus experimentally separates the processes of three-dimensional organ growth and post-induction renal epithelial differentiation from glomerular filtration, flow-related phenomena, endothelial or mesangial cell interactions, and the effects of growth factors or transport substrates present in mammalian serum or urine. Studies to date in the model system have defined the growth factor requirements of epithelial growth and differentiation and have demonstrated that specific hormonally induced alterations in tubular epithelial cell metabolism and function may lead to specific patterns of tubular maldevelopment. Whole organ metanephric organ culture is thus a valuable in vitro model system for future investigations into the complex processes of normal and abnormal renal epithelial differentiation. PMID- 3153009 TI - Assessment of maximal tubular phosphate reabsorption: comparison of direct measurement with the nomogram of Bijvoet. AB - It is well established that plasma phosphate (Pp) is largely determined by the renal phosphate threshold, which is best described by the maximal rate of tubular phosphate reabsorption divided by the glomerular filtration rate (Tmp/GFR). For its clinical assessment either direct phosphate loading with simultaneous measurement of GFR is performed, or the nomogram described by Walton and Bijvoet is used. In order to test the validity of the two methods, we compared in 20 infants and 31 children the fasting values of phosphate reabsorption [endogenous phosphate reabsorption/inulin clearance (Tp/Cin) and Tp] with those obtained after phosphate loading [maximal phosphate reabsorption (Tmp) and Tmp/Cin], and both with those derived from the nomogram. In addition the fasting Tp/Cin of 50 infants and 143 children could be compared with the nomogram. The results demonstrate that the directly measured Tp/Cin was the same as the directly measured Tmp/Cin and that the measured Tmp/Cin was correctly estimated by the nomogram. However, the comparison of fasting Tp/Cin with nomogram-derived values showed a systematic error, by which the latter values were higher than those measured. The discrepancy was due to the splay of the phosphate titration curve, which was found by Bijvoet when the ratio of phosphate clearance (Cp) corrected for GFR (Cp/GFR) fell below 0.2. The incorporation of this splay in the nomogram could not be confirmed by data measured in our children. It is concluded that fasting Tp is already "maximal" and that, therefore, no phosphate loading is necessary to estimate Tmp. Furthermore, there is no evidence of a major splay, which makes the nomogram incompatible below a Cp/GFR ratio of 0.2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3153010 TI - Glomerular basement membrane thickness in children. A morphometric study. AB - Measurements of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness in children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome were made on electron micrographs of 43 biopsy specimens obtained from 35 children aged 1-13 years, of whom 13 were in remission at the time of biopsy. Measurements were also made in 2 children with non glomerular disorders. A mean of 189 measurements per biopsy were made, using prints of x6,400-12,000 magnification. Quadratic curves were fitted by regression analysis to the mean GBM thickness for each of the 35 initial nephrotic biopsies, plotted against age for the whole group and separately for sex, race and the presence or absence of proteinuria at the time of biopsy. There were no significant differences in race or proteinuria, but there was a trend towards a thicker GBM in young males which disappeared by 9 years of age. From the mean +/- 2 SD of GBM thickness for each of the 35 initial nephrotic biopsies the calculated thickness ranged from 100-340 nm at 1 year of age to 190-440 nm at 9 years of age and older. The growth curve for GBM thickness increases steeply initially, reaching a plateau at 9 years of age. Because there was no significant difference between proteinuric patients and those in remission, while measurements in the nephrotic syndrome and non-glomerular disorders closely agreed, we believe that our results demonstrate the normal GBM thickness and growth pattern. PMID- 3153011 TI - Glomerular basement membrane thickness in recurrent and persistent hematuria and nephrotic syndrome: correlation with sex and age. AB - The glomerular basement membranes (GBM) were measured in 264 patients with recurrent and persistent hematuria (152 males, 112 females), 47 patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (26 males, 21 females), and 91 patients with focal segmental glomerular sclerosis and nephrotic syndrome (55 males, 36 females). The average number of glomeruli measured was 2.5 per case. Analysis of the data showed GBM thickness to be significantly greater in males (n = 233) than in females (n = 169) (Student's t-test, P less than 0.01). There was no difference in GBM thickness between the two groups of nephrotics; the data were subsequently combined and the group referred to as idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. There was also no difference in GBM thickness among the immunofluorescence defined subcategories of recurrent hematuria, and these groups were combined. GBM thickness was significantly greater in the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome than in recurrent hematuria (Kruskal-Wallis H test, Po = less than 0.001). Analysis of the data showed, in both conditions, a gradual increase with age throughout the span of the study (1-69 years). Regression analysis of GBM thickness and age in recurrent hematuria showed Ro = 0.43 and Po = less than 0.001, in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome Ro = 0.61 and Po = less than 0.001. The differences between nephrotic syndrome and recurrent hematuria may be based on the inclusion in the recurrent hematuria group of patients with genetically thin GBM; they may also be based on the inclusion in the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome group of patients with subendothelial thickening, a relatively frequent occurrence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3153012 TI - Which bone age in chronic renal insufficiency and end-stage renal disease? AB - One hundred radiographs of the left hand and wrist from 40 children with chronic renal insufficiency or end-stage renal disease were examined to determine which method of bone age estimation provided the most useful information in these children. The Tanner and Whitehouse method showed better repeatability than the Greulich and Pyle atlas or the Buckler handbook when a sample of the radiographs were assessed twice by the same observer. The Tanner and Whitehouse 20 (TW20) bone age showed less inter-observer bias than the radius, ulna and short bone age or the carpal bone age when three observers independently assessed the same sample of radiographs. TW20 was the most useful method of bone age assessment in this study of British children. An unexpected finding was that the carpal bones were significantly more retarded than the radius, ulna and short bones. Separate assessment of the carpal bone age may provide extra information of clinical relevance. PMID- 3153013 TI - Growth from birth to adulthood in a patient with the neonatal form of Bartter syndrome. AB - Growth from birth to the age of 19 years was studied in a patient with the neonatal form of Bartter syndrome. The initial modes of therapy (extra fluid, potassium supplements and triamterene) resulted in satisfactory but not optimal growth. Treatment with spironolactone together with potassium led to impressive catch-up growth. When the patient reached the age of 9 years, indomethacin therapy was started, which resulted in a second growth acceleration and was also accompanied by a significant reduction of both polyuria and hypercalciuria. Puberty developed normally, menarche occurred at 12 years 4 months and a normal adult height of 162 cm was reached at the age of 14 years. Treatment with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors seems to be the best therapy for children with the neonatal form of Bartter syndrome. PMID- 3153014 TI - Complement profiles in acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. AB - It is well known that the hypocomplementemia of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is characterized by markedly reduced serum concentrations of C3 and moderately reduced levels of C5 and properdin (P). However, the extent of the activation of the classical pathway is not well defined and only limited data are available concerning serum concentrations of terminal components other than C5. In serial serum specimens from 14 children with APSGN, the presence and extent of C4 activation was directly assessed by measurement by rocket immunoelectrophoresis for C4 and C4 (C4d/C4 ratio). Elevated values for this ratio, indicating C4 activation, were found in 8 of 14 of the initial serum specimens, and in some patients the ratio remained elevated for several weeks. In contrast, the serum C4 level was low in only 1 specimen (the specimen with the highest C4d/C4 ratio). However, in 10 patients C4 concentrations within the normal range rose in serial serum specimens. Serum C2 concentrations were depressed in the initial specimens from 5 patients. The concentrations of 13 other complement component and control proteins were also measured in these specimens. Levels of terminal components, other than C5, in the initial serum specimens were normal except for depressed C8 in 3 of 13 patients and depressed C6 in 1 of 14. Of these 4 individuals, 3 had the lowest C3 levels in the study. It is concluded that the classical complement pathway is frequently activated in patients with APSGN early in the condition and that subtle abnormalities in C6 and C8 levels occasionally occur. PMID- 3153015 TI - Renal function in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria. AB - Abnormalities in renal tubular function have been reported in adult patients with idiopathic renal hypercalciuria. To determine if such abnormalities are present early in the natural history of renal hypercalciuria, we evaluated renal tubular function in ten children with idiopathic renal hypercalciuria, aged 5-17 years. Seven of the children presented with urolithiasis and three with hematuria. Urinary calcium excretion ranged from 4 to 9 mg/kg per day, (5.2 +/- 0.5, mean +/ SEM) with a mean fasting urinary calcium to creatinine ration of 0.31 +/- 0.03. Studies described in this report were performed after 1 week of ingesting a diet containing 1,000 mg calcium, 3,000 mg sodium, and 100 mg purine. Clearance of creatinine ranged from 84 to 159 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Tm phosphate (mg/100 ml GFR) was normal in each child (mean 4.66 +/- 0.06 mg/100 ml GFR). Fractional excretion of uric acid, sodium and beta-2-microglobulin were also normal in each child. Serum bicarbonate concentrations ranged from 21.5 to 27 mEq/l with a mean of 24.4 +/- 0.5 mEq/l and all patients lowered urinary pH to less than 5.5. Hypotonic diuresis demonstrated normal free water clearance with a mean of 12.8 ml/min per 100 ml Cin. Distal sodium delivery and fractional distal sodium reabsorption were normal with a mean of 13.6 +/- 1.2% and 92.7 +/- 0.5%, respectively. Water deprivation studies demonstrated a range of maximum urinary osmolality from 711 to 1,020 mosmol/kg H2O with a mean of 864 +/- 34 mosmol/kg H2O. Seven healthy children, ingesting an identical study diet, concentrated their urine to a mean of 1,059 +/- 31 mosmol/kg h2O.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3153016 TI - Recurrent haemolytic-uraemic syndrome with hypocomplementaemia: a case report. AB - A boy who developed haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) at 8 years 6 months of age had four further episodes of the disease during the next 3 years. No renal abnormalities were detected between the attacks nor in the 2.5 years after the last recurrence. Reduced levels of serum complement were found during four of the episodes and in two intervening periods. PMID- 3153017 TI - Renal lesions in Cockayne syndrome. AB - Two siblings with typical features of the Cockayne syndrome were studied at autopsy. Many glomeruli revealed a paucity of capillary loops and had thickened capillary walls. Some glomeruli with advanced lesions showed collapse of the glomerular tufts or complete hyalinization. Atrophy of tubules and interstitial fibrosis were also observed. There were no significant arteriosclerotic changes in the vessels. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated thickened glomerular basement membranes with bends and folds. These histopathological findings are different to those previously reported with the exception of the 1966 report by Ohno and Hirooka. PMID- 3153018 TI - Normal splenic function in children with the nephrotic syndrome. AB - Children with the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) are known to be susceptible to bacterial infections. A recent report suggested that splenic hypofunction may be responsible for this immunological defect. We assessed splenic function by counting the circulating pocked red blood cells (PkRBCs) using interference phase contrast microscopy. PkRBCs are removed by the spleen, so that normal eusplenic individuals have less than 2% PkRBCs while asplenics have 15%-30%. Intermediate values are seen in hyposplenism. Thirty-three measurements of PkRBCs were made in 19 children with NS (mean age 7.5 +/- 0.8 years). PkRBCs were normal in all children tested (range 0-0.8%), including two patients with bacterial peritonitis associated with relapse. Thus we were unable to find evidence of hyposplenism in children with NS. PMID- 3153020 TI - Lessons learned from the Japanese nephritis screening study. AB - A program of urine screening for asymptomatic hematuria and proteinuria in school children has been conducted since 1973 by the Ministry of Education in Japan with great success in the early detection of asymptomatic renal disease. In order to know whether this nationwide program during 13 years has contributed to understanding of the epidemiology of chronic glomerular disease in Japan, a multicenter survey of the patients was conducted. Between 70% and 80% of IgA and non-IgA mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and 65%-80% of membrano proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) were detected by mass urine screening at school. Severe glomerular lesions were more frequently observed in children with chance proteinuria and hematuria, as well as IgA and non-IgA mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with significant proteinuria. Mild glomerular change was more frequent in patients with MPGN, IgA and non-IgA mesangial proliferative nephritis with minimal proteinuria who were detected by our screening program, rather than those seen with some of the nephritic signs and symptoms at diagnosis. The above evidence suggests that a screening program may open the way for the early management of these diseases, especially where treatment is already established. PMID- 3153019 TI - The treatment of glomerulonephritis in children. AB - The results of treatment of glomerulonephritis (GN) in childhood with oral corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, anticoagulants and the newer regimens of pulsed, high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone and plasma exchange are reviewed and compared with the natural history of the untreated condition. Poststreptococcal GN and the nephritis of Schonlein-Henoch purpura need no specific treatment unless extensive glomerular crescents are present. The progression of mesangiocapillary GN can probably be slowed or even reversed with long-term, alternate-day steroid therapy. As in adults, recovery of renal function in GN due to antibody to glomerular basement membrane can be achieved in some patients using plasma exchange, but only those in whom some renal function is still present when treatment is started. In rapidly progressive (extracapillary) GN with crescents, "traditional" therapy with oral steroids, immunosuppressive drugs and anticoagulants reduces renal mortality from 85%-90% to about 50%, while pulsed methylprednisolone and plasma exchange improve the outcome further, mortality falling to about 25%. It is recommended that children with crescentic GN and deteriorating function be treated initially with pulsed methylprednisolone, followed by plasma exchange in those who fail to respond or who deteriorate following temporary response to pulse therapy. Treatment must be given early in the course of the illness if good results are to be obtained. PMID- 3153023 TI - Clinical quiz. Aciduria plus rising SCr. PMID- 3153022 TI - Aspects of Brazilian paediatric nephrology. AB - Brazil is a large country with different population densities in its five geographical regions, each of which has severe but unevenly distributed socioeconomic problems which affect the health care system. This makes the accurate assessment of renal disease in the large paediatric population which comprises 40% of the total population especially difficult. This paper analyses the experience of one paediatric nephrology unit. Urinary tract infection affecting 44% of the patients was the most common disease. There was a high incidence of vesicoureteric reflux and renal scarring. The proportion of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis did not exceed 11%, whilst nephrotic syndrome in its various forms represented 20% of the patients. End-stage renal failure was common and difficult to manage. Renal transplantation could not meet the demand for a variety of reasons, thus there has been an alarming annual increase in the number of patients on dialysis. Other diseases encountered in smaller numbers included acute renal failure, other glomerulopathies (mainly IgA), tubulopathies and renal lithiasis. PMID- 3153024 TI - Annual meeting of the Club Francais de Nephrologie Pediatrique. November 20-21 1987, Lille, France. Abstracts. PMID- 3153021 TI - Circulating digitalis-like factors. AB - The ability of extracts of mammalian plasma and tissue to mimic the biologic activities of the digitalis glycosides has suggested the existence of endogenous regulators for Na, K ATPase. Purification of plasma extracts has identified several classes of circulating lipids with digitalis-like activity including free fatty acids, lysophospholipids, and arachidonic acid metabolites of the lipoxygenase pathway. Circulating steroids with digitalis-like activity include dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and hydrocortisone. Evidence for other, more unique compounds has also been published although their structure has not yet been determined. Analysis of tissue suggests that hypothalamus contains a unique, low molecular digitalis-like factor (DLF) which also circulates in plasma. Some studies suggest that the hypothalamic factor is also present in other parts of the brain and in the adrenal. Some of these endogenous DLF may function as modulators of cardiovascular function by regulating renal sodium excretion and peripheral vascular resistance in both physiological and pathophysiological situations. PMID- 3153026 TI - Plasma infusion therapy in hemolytic uremic syndrome: is it warranted? PMID- 3153025 TI - Treatment of the childhood haemolytic uraemic syndrome with plasma. A multicentre randomized controlled trial. The French Society of Paediatric Nephrology. AB - Seventy-nine children with haemolytic uraemic syndrome (mean age 28 months) were randomly assigned either to a group receiving plasma infusions (plasma group, n = 39) or to a group treated conservatively (control group, n = 40). The duration of haemolysis, thrombocytopenia and anuria was similar in the two groups. Serum creatinine levels were similar in the two groups at the 1-month follow-up but were higher in the control group at 3 months (plasma group 49 +/- 14, control group 66 +/- 28 mumol/l; P less than 0.02) and at 6 months (plasma group 48 +/- 13, control group 63 +/- 21 mumol/l; P less than 0.005). The prevalence of proteinuria was also higher in the control group at the 6-month follow-up (plasma group 17%, control group 46%; P less than 0.02). However, differences were no longer significant after 1 year. Renal tissue was examined in 54 cases (plasma group, n = 27; control group, n = 27). Diffuse cortical necrosis was present in 7 cases in the control group but was absent in the plasma group (P less than 0.02). Taking into consideration the higher serum creatinine levels, the higher prevalence of proteinuria during the first 6 months of follow-up in the control group and the presence of diffuse cortical necrosis in this group compared with the plasma group, we conclude that plasma infusions should be regarded as beneficial. Further study is needed to determine which plasma fraction is involved. PMID- 3153027 TI - Haemolytic uraemic syndrome associated with faecal cytotoxin and verotoxin neutralizing antibodies. AB - Forty-nine patients with a diagnosis of idiopathic haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) were investigated to determine evidence of infection by verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC). Free faecal cytotoxin active on Vero cells (VT) was detected in 15 out of 49 patients (31%). Seroconversion or high titres of VT neutralizing antibodies were detected in 11 out of 18 patients (61%). The results of the present study suggest an association between HUS and infection by VTEC. PMID- 3153028 TI - Beneficial effect of second courses of cytotoxic therapy in children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. AB - Therapeutic guidelines are not available for children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) who experience frequent relapses or develop steroid resistance after a course of cytotoxic therapy. The records of nine children with biopsy-proven MCNS who received two courses of cytotoxic therapy with either chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide were reviewed to evaluate the length of remission, associated side-effects and long-term outcome. Initial cytotoxic therapy was given to five frequent-relapsing patients and four steroid-resistant patients 2-48 months (mean 16 months) following diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. The second drug was given 4-85 months (mean 27 months) after the first. Steroid resistant patients attained remissions of 0-81 months (mean 23 months) following the first agent and 13-67 months (mean 32 months) following the second. Frequent relapsing patients experienced remissions of 0.5-24 months (mean 7.4 months) following the first cytotoxic drug and 3-72 months (mean 22 months) after the second. Remissions following the second agent were equal to or longer than those following the first in the seven patients who received both chlorambucil and cyclophosphamide. In the 19- to 128-month follow-up (mean 66 months), all four steroid-resistant patients experienced infrequent relapses which responded to prednisone. One frequent-relapsing patient remains in remission, three have chronic proteinuria and one still has a frequent-relapsing course. For the select group of patients who become frequent relapsing or steroid resistant after one course of cytotoxic therapy, a second course of cytotoxic therapy may allow time for catch-up growth, as well as improve steroid responsiveness once relapses occur. PMID- 3153029 TI - Dominant and recessive polycystic kidney disease in children: evaluation of clinical features and laboratory data. AB - The clinical features and laboratory data of 93 children with polycystic kidney disease were analysed. Family studies showed that the disease was dominant (DPKD) in 17 and recessive (RPKD) in 32 of them. Of the remaining 44 sporadic patients, 1 was classified by histological and/or imaging findings as having DPKD, 41 as having RPKD and 2 could not be classified. The symptoms tended to be more severe in RPKD than in DPKD, but there was much overlap. Death in early life was common in RPKD (55/73) and more rare in DPKD (4/18). If a child with DPKD had disease manifest during the neonatal period, then siblings were usually affected in the neonatal period. Survival to adulthood was seen in both diseases. In the patients who survived the neonatal period, hypertension was more common in RPKD (11/18) than in DPKD (4/14). Symptoms of portal hypertension were present in 2 patients with RPKD and none with DPKD. None of the laboratory investigations discriminated between the two entities. Glomerular filtration rate was diminished more often in RPKD (9/11) than in DPKD (2/8). Some difference was seen in the maximal urine concentrating ability; it was always reduced, often markedly, in RPKD but usually either normal or only moderately disturbed in DPKD. Studies on hepatic function and hepato-cellular damage were usually normal, but bacterial cholangitis was noted in some children with RPKD. The differential diagnosis between DPKD and RPKD needs to be based on the family history, family studies, radiological and/or histological features. PMID- 3153030 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of iron overload in paediatric patients on chronic haemodialysis. AB - In this study the incidence and contributing factors of iron overload in paediatric patients treated with intermittent haemodialysis were evaluated. Particular attention was given to the diagnostic value of serum ferritin in the assessment of body iron stores in patients with hepatocellular damage. The results of treatment of secondary haemosiderosis with desferrioxamine (DFO) are reported. Serum ferritin levels were measured in 18 children and adolescents undergoing long-term haemodialysis; 8 of these had biochemical evidence of hepatocellular damage. In all patients a good correlation was found between serum ferritin levels and the amount of iron stored in the reticuloendothelial system. Six patients developed iron overload. Patients with secondary haemosiderosis were younger at the start of haemodialysis and received significantly more blood. Although not significant, more patients with haemochromatosis-associated alleles and bilateral nephrectomy had iron overload, and the duration of dialysis was obviously longer for overload patients (40 months versus 26 months). The patients with iron overload were treated with DFO. The data from all patients showed that DFO was ineffective when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg during dialysis and that in individual patients changes in serum ferritin correlated with changes in the amount of blood transfusions administered. PMID- 3153031 TI - Haemolytic uraemic syndrome associated with Yersinia enterocolitica infection. AB - Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) associated with Yersinia enterocolitica gastroenteritis is reported in a 6-year-old girl. Y. enterocolitica of biotype 03 was isolated from the patient's initial stool sample and was subsequently identified as serotype 03 based on the rising agglutinin titres. This paper shows that yersiniosis should be suspected as a possible cause of HUS, and investigations should include the measurement of serum agglutinin titres against antigen preparations of the genus Yersinia. PMID- 3153032 TI - Alport's syndrome and achalasia. AB - A 7-year-old boy presented with a history of postprandial vomiting, failure to thrive, hematuria, proteinuria and decreased renal function. Electron microscopy of a renal biopsy specimen demonstrated the typical glomerular basement membrane changes associated with Alport's syndrome. Audiometry revealed a moderate bilateral high-tone sensorineural hearing loss. Bilateral anterior lenticonus and a unilateral cataract were also diagnosed. Achalasia diagnosed radiologically and confirmed by biopsy was corrected by surgery. Evaluations of the parents and three siblings were negative. The patient subsequently developed end-stage renal failure. This case report and a review of the literature suggest that achalasia may be part of Alport's syndrome in some patients. PMID- 3153034 TI - Hickman catheter for haemodialysis in paediatric patients. AB - Twelve Hickman catheters were inserted in nine children in order to establish access for haemodialysis or plasmapheresis. Catheters were implanted either through the external or internal jugular vein and the tip located in the right atrium or superior vena cava. Mean blood flow was 25-55 ml/min with single lumen catheters and 83-100 ml/min with double lumen catheters. Three catheters had to be removed because of obstruction, whilst seven remained in situ until an arteriovenous fistula had matured or renal function was restored. Infection in two cases was successfully treated with antibiotics and transient obstruction by urokinase instillation. Following catheter removal, angiographic studies showed that with one exception all catheterized vessels were obstructed, but this did not prevent from ipsilateral arteriovenous fistulas to mature satisfactorily. PMID- 3153033 TI - Nephrocalcinosis in Bartter's syndrome. AB - Nephrocalcinosis was demonstrated by computerized tomography (CT) in all five children with Bartter's syndrome followed at our institution. In three of these five patients, nephrocalcinosis was also noted on ultrasound examination. Hypercalciuria was present in only one case. The mechanism leading to renal calcification remains unclear in this disease. It is noteworthy, however, that Bartter's syndrome is associated with such a high incidence of nephrocalcinosis. PMID- 3153035 TI - Treatment of acute renal failure in an infant by continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis. AB - Continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis (CAVHD) was performed in a critically ill oliguric infant with progressive uremia using a miniature Amicon hemofilter. Modification was made in the filter system by circulating 2.5% Dianeal peritoneal dialysis fluid into the second port of the ultrafiltrate compartment to enable the filter to function by dialysis too (CAVHD). In comparison with continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH), CAVHD provided superior urea clearance and adequate fluid removal, allowing the simultaneous administration of parenteral nutrition. The higher solute clearances in CAVHD make the technique superior to CAVH for renal replacement therapy in critically ill infants. PMID- 3153036 TI - Treatment of severe hypercalcemia with peritoneal dialysis in an infant with end stage renal disease. AB - Recurrent and unusually severe hypercalcemia was observed in an infant undergoing continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis and receiving oral calcitriol and calcium carbonate. Rapid correction was achieved with peritoneal dialysis using a calcium free dialysis solution. PMID- 3153037 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of urinary tract malformation. AB - Malformation of the urinary tract (UT) is among the most common of all congenital malformations. Prior to the common usage of prenatal ultrasound, these anomalies were undetected until pediatric complications prompted investigation. When diagnosed and treated in early infancy, children with urinary tract malformations have a much better prognosis than when diagnosis is delayed beyond 1-2 years. Since the first report of the prenatal diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease by Garrett et al. in 1970, most forms of congenital urinary tract malformation have been diagnosed antenatally with the use of sonography. A review of the normal and abnormal development of the urinary system, some genetic aspects of UT malformations, and an overview of the major UT anomalies and their prenatal diagnosis is presented. PMID- 3153040 TI - Urology. PMID- 3153039 TI - The application of molecular biology to the prenatal diagnosis of renal disease. AB - The rapid development of new techniques in molecular biology is leading to identification of the genes responsible for a wide variety of diseases. Several renal conditions are caused by gene defects and are amenable to this approach. The process of gene mapping is discussed and the current position regarding prenatal diagnosis and carrier testing for genetic renal disease is reviewed. PMID- 3153038 TI - Prenatal diagnosis and management of bilateral hydronephrosis. AB - This report reviews the management of the fetus with congenital hydronephrosis (CH), a challenging diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Experimental models of obstructive uropathy have produced histologic changes similar to those seen in kidneys of human neonates with congenital hydronephrosis. Relief of obstruction in utero in these models has been shown to prevent some of the dysplastic changes caused by obstruction. These studies have formed the theoretical basis for in utero decompression to restore amniotic fluid dynamics to prevent death from pulmonary hypoplasia, and reverse or arrest dysplastic morphogenesis. The development of prognostic criteria has greatly aided in selection of appropriate fetuses for intervention. These criteria include: (1) Na less than 100 mEq/l; (2) Cl less than 90 mEq/l; (3) osmolarity less than 210 mosmol; (4) sonographic appearance of the fetal kidneys; (5) amniotic fluid status; (6) urine output at fetal bladder catheterization. All fetuses should have ultrasonography to exclude other anomalies, and karyotype analysis to exclude chromosomal abnormality. If amniotic fluid volume is normal, the pregnancy is followed with serial ultrasound examinations. If oligohydramnios develops, a prognostic evaluation is performed, including fetal bladder catheterization. If the fetus has poor residual renal function, on the basis of prognostic criteria, appropriate counseling may be given. If the fetus has good residual renal function, depending on lung maturity, it can be delivered early for corrective surgery. If diagnosed prior to lung maturity in utero, decompression by either vesicoamniotic shunting or open fetal surgery may be attempted in the highly selected case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3153042 TI - Childhood renal disorders in Saudi Arabia. AB - An overview of childhood renal disorders in Saudi Arabia is presented, based largely on the experience in a large teaching hospital. The pattern of disorders is similar to that in other parts of the world, but the relative frequency of the various diseases appears to be different. Heredofamilial disorders are common, renal calculi are relatively frequent, and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis is a frequent cause of non-minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Preventable causes of end-stage renal failure include reflux nephropathy and posterior urethral valves. Although nephropathy associated with collagen vasculitides is not frequent, the prognosis of the disease is poor. IgA nephropathy appears to be a rarity. PMID- 3153043 TI - Clinicopathological quiz. Congenital nephrotic syndrome with a nephritic urinary sediment and severe renal insufficiency. PMID- 3153044 TI - European Society for Paediatric Nephrology XXIInd annual meeting. Manchester, September 3-7, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3153041 TI - The relationship between renal metabolism and proximal tubule transport during ontogeny. AB - The proximal tubules of newborn and adult animals reabsorb a similar fraction of the filtered load of Na+ and H2O (65%-70%). In tubules from adult animals, transcellular, active Na+ reabsorption accounts for one-third of the total, while two-thirds occur passively through the paracellular pathway, driven by hydrostatic and oncotic forces (one-third) and by cell-generated effective osmotic and ionic gradients (one-third). Since two-thirds of the Na+ is reabsorbed passively and does not require energy, the mature proximal tubule has a high Na+/O2 molar ratio (48 Eq of Na+/mol of O2). Measurements of ouabain sensitive oxygen consumption in suspensions of proximal tubules indicate that in newborn, aerobic metabolism can support about 50% of the net Na+ transport rate compared with the 33% in tubules from adult animals. Independent confirmation of the direct and proportional relationship between active Na+ transport and ouabain sensitive O2 consumption exists for the adult but not for the newborn. However, measurements of epithelial conductances and of transepithelial hydrostatic and oncotic pressure differences indicate that passive paracellular fluxes can account for the remaining 50% of the proximal Na+ reabsorption in newborn. The high permeability of the proximal tubules of newborn animals to small molecular weight solutes suggests that cell-generated osmotic and ionic transepithelial gradients are minimal in the tubules of newborn animals. Yet in the newborn, the osmolality of the end proximal tubule fluid was found to exceed that in plasma. This indicates that osmotic gradients due to differences in reflection coefficients for preferentially reabsorbed solutes and Cl- do exist across the proximal tubules of the newborn and suggests that these gradients may contribute to Na+ and H2O reabsorption. If this is indeed the case, then the contribution of active and of hydrostatic and oncotic pressure-driven flows to the overall reabsorption of Na+ and fluid has been overestimated. Resolution of this discrepancy requires measurements of the reflection coefficients for HCO3- and Cl in the proximal tubule of the newborn. The metabolic processes by which energy is supplied to renal proximal cells during development are also incompletely characterized. There is evidence that maturation of aerobic metabolism, Krebs cycle enzymes activity, and of the mitochondrial membrane surface area precede the development of net reabsorptive transport (Na+, H2O, HCO3, glucose). By contrast, maturation of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity at the basolateral cell membrane follows that in reabsorptive transport and does not limit its development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3153046 TI - Urinary infection and staghorn calculus in the left kidney. PMID- 3153045 TI - Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in children: clinicopathological correlations and long-term prognosis. AB - Between 1962 and 1970, 36 children with acute biopsy-proven poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) entered a prospective long-term follow-up study. The initial biopsies were scored into four histological grades using criteria based on endocapillary proliferation, leucocyte infiltration, epithelial "hump" and crescent formation; 5 patients had grade-1 (least severe), 14 grade-2, 15 grade-3 and 2 grade-4 biopsies. Two children died from rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis; both had grade-4 biopsies. Early repeat biopsy in 12 patients showed improvement in all but one patient who progressed from grade 2 to type 2 mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MCGN). The initial biopsy grade correlated significantly with heavy proteinuria (chi2 = 9.73, P less than 0.01) but not with hypertension, haematuria or renal functional impairment. Follow-up observations were made after mean periods of 9.5 years (range 5.4-12.4 years; 32 subjects) and 19.0 years (range 14.6-22 years; 30 subjects). None of the survivors had an abnormal plasma creatinine. Only one patient (grade-3 biopsy), a female with a subsequent history of recurrent pyelonephritis, was hypertensive. Isolated microscopic haematuria persisted in 1 grade-2 and 2 grade-3 subjects. One grade-2 subject had proteinuria secondary to MCGN and one grade-3 subject had mild proteinuria and borderline hypertension. Although 20% of subjects had urinary abnormalities, we conclude that the long-term outcome of PSGN in children is excellent. PMID- 3153048 TI - Can psychological stress ever lead to severe obstructive uropathy? PMID- 3153047 TI - Henoch-Schonlein syndrome and IgA nephropathy: a case report suggesting a common pathogenesis. AB - An 8-year-old Caucasian male presented with two episodes of gross hematuria but was otherwise asymptomatic. Serum IgA levels were markedly elevated and a renal biopsy showed mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with immunofluorescent and electron microscopy findings consistent with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Two years later he developed abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, gross hematuria and a classic purpuric rash of Henoch-Schonlein syndrome (HSS). Serum IgA levels continued to be elevated and 3 years later in follow-up he is clinically well. These observations support the concept that HSS and IgAN are variants of the same process. The reverse situation has been reported in a 15-year-old female who developed HSS at 4 years of age and IgAN at age 15 years. PMID- 3153049 TI - Anaphylactoid purpura: characteristics of 16 patients who progressed to renal failure. AB - Renal insufficiency occurs in at least 1.5% of children with anaphylactoid purpura (AP). We reviewed the records of 16 children who developed end-stage renal disease (ESRD group) secondary to AP and matched them for age, era of onset, renal histology, and clinical severity at onset with 16 children who had AP but whose creatine clearance returned to and remained normal (recovery group). We reviewed creatinine clearances at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years after onset. A creatinine clearance greater than 70 ml/min per 1.73 m2 was present in 50% of the patients in the ESRD group at 3 years and in 25% at 5 years after onset. In contrast, all patients in the recovery group had a creatinine clearance greater than 70 ml/min per 1.73 m2 by 3 years (7 of 16 had a creatinine clearance greater than 125 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and all were normal 95-125 ml/min per 1.73 m2) by 5 years. Thus, the presence of an increased creatinine clearance (greater than 125 ml/min per 1.73 m2) at 3 years predicted recovery, while failure to reach a creatinine clearance of greater than 70 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at 3 years predicted progression to ESRD. There was no evidence of recurrent systemic AP or nephritis in the 14 patients who underwent renal allograft transplantation. We conclude that long-term evaluation of patients over many years is required to identify those who will progress to ESRD from AP and that recurrence of AP in the renal transplant is uncommon. PMID- 3153050 TI - Clinical efficacy of levamisole in the treatment of primary nephrosis in children. AB - The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and the toxicity of levamisole given for 1 year to 16 children suffering from minimal change primary nephrosis who were relapsing frequently. The overall results showed that under levamisole the relapse rate decreased by 55% and the steroid requirements by 50%. After cessation of levamisole administration, most children (11/16) relapsed again. A second course of levamisole treatment reduced the relapse rate significantly once again. At the dosage of 2.5 mg/kg given every other day for 1 year or more, no side effects of levamisole does not cure nephrosis but reduces the incidence of relapses for the period it is administered. It also reduces the steroid requirements without any important side effects. PMID- 3153051 TI - Immunopathological findings in idiopathic nephrosis: clinical significance of glomerular "immune deposits". AB - Idiopathic nephrosis (IN), which includes minimal change (MCD), diffuse mesangial proliferation (DMP) and focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS), is classically characterized by the absence of significant deposits by immunofluorescence microscopy (IF), except for the focal lesions of segmental sclerosis and/or hyalinosis of FSGS, which fix IgM and C3 antiserums. Since IF is available in most centres, an increasing number of unexpected findings has been reported. In order to evaluate the clinical significance of the glomerular deposits revealed by IF in some instances, we reviewed the renal biopsy findings of 222 consecutive children presenting with IN and in whom IF microscopy was available. By light microscopy, 122 patients showed MCD, 10 DMP, and 90 FSGS with DMP (11 cases) or without (79 cases). By IF, 125 specimens were negative and served as controls; 54 showed mesangial IgM deposits, 24 mesangial IgG deposits (associated with Clq deposits in 16), 15 scattered granules of C3 and 4 predominant deposits of mesangial IgA. We correlated these findings with initial response to steroid therapy and outcome and could find no significant difference between the various categories defined by IF and the control group. Repeat biopsies, performed in 21 cases, showed the persistence of deposits in 11 and their transformation in 10. The particular problem raised by the patients who present with IN and mesangial IgA deposits is discussed. Our results demonstrate that patients presenting with IN and "positive IF", whether showing IgM, IgG and Clq, C3 or IgA, do not represent distinct clinicopathological entities. PMID- 3153052 TI - A family outbreak of hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with verotoxin producing Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7. AB - All five siblings (three boys and two girls, aged 1.5-9 years) in a family developed hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 at a lakeside vacation cottage during the fall of 1985. All five were hospitalized and made a full recovery. Both parents remained asymptomatic, and neither had evidence of this infection. In four children who were investigated prospectively, free verotoxin was still detectable in the stools for between 3 and 7 weeks. The prodromal diarrheal illness in the children occurred over a 10-day period. The epidemic curve was consistent with a point source outbreak, but continuous exposure or person-to-person transmission could not be ruled out. The source of the infection was not identified. PMID- 3153053 TI - Haemolytic uraemic syndrome and pseudomembranous colitis. AB - Two cases of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) associated with pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) are described. The toxin of Clostridium difficile was detected post mortem in the stool of one patient and the other patient showed a good therapeutic response to oral vancomycin, an antibiotic with established efficacy in the management of PMC. When associated with HUS, PMC is probably an independent specific disease that, in common with many other infections, may activate HUS. PMID- 3153054 TI - Creatinine excretion rates for evaluation of kidney function in children. AB - A protein load protocol for evaluation of kidney function was tested in normal children and pediatric renal patients. An overnight, timed urine collection was used for calculation of the baseline creatinine clearance and creatinine excretion rate. One hour following ingestion of a standardized protein meal (baked chicken), a 2-3 h urine collection was begun. The post-protein meal changes in creatinine clearance showed considerable variation in both the normal children and those with renal disorders. In contrast, the rate of excretion of creatinine was consistently increased in the normal children following the protein meal (73.4 +/- 18%; range 48.2%-122.4%). Of 33 renal patients, 14 showed less than a 48% increase in creatinine excretion rate, even though 9 of these children had baseline creatinine clearances within the normal range. These 9 patients have evidence of less than normal quantities of functioning renal tissue. Serial studies over a year on 2 children who presented with acute renal failure showed a progressive increase in creatinine clearance with scant increases in creatinine excretion rate. These studies provide indirect evidence that a less than normal enhancement of the rate of creatinine excretion following a protein load reflects the presence of adaptive glomerular hyperfiltration and hyperperfusion. PMID- 3153055 TI - Effects of growth hormone therapy and malnutrition on the growth of rats with renal failure. AB - We examined the effects of methionyl-human growth hormone (met-hGH) and malnutrition on the growth of 5/6 nephrectomized rats and sham-operated controls. One group of sham-operated rats (PFS) was pair-fed with a group of nephrectomized rats in renal failure (RF); another group of sham-operated rats was fed ad libitum (ALS), and a final group of rats with renal failure (RF-GH) was treated with 4 IU/day met-hGH. After 4 weeks, RF-GH rats gained 12.3 +/- 1.7 cm in length; this was more than the 10.2 +/- 1.2 cm gain of RF rats (P less than 0.05). Ingested food was converted into weight gain more efficiently by RF-GH rats than RF rats (267 +/- 26 vs 235 +/- 38 mg weight gain/g food intake, P less than 0.05). RF-GH rats also gained more weight (122 +/- 25 g) than RF rats (98 +/ 27 g), but this difference was not significant (0.05 less than P less than 0.1). Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, glucose and insulin levels were not different between RF and RF-GH rats. Food intake of RF and PFS rats was 64% of ALS intake and was associated with poor gains in weight and length by the PFS and RF groups (relative weight and length gains were ALS greater than PFS greater than RF, P less than 0.05 for all comparisons); this suggests that the poor growth of RF rats when compared with PFS rats was due to factors other than food intake. Serum IGF-I levels of 771 +/- 249 ng/ml in PFS rats were lower than levels of 1109 +/- 253 ng/ml found in the ALS group (P less than 0.05); this is consistent with the malnourished state of PFS rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3153056 TI - Effect of different modes of dialysis on serum erythropoietin levels in pediatric patients. A report of the Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group. AB - The relative importance of erythropoietin (Ep) and inhibitors of erythropoiesis in the development of anemia in pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was assessed in 82 patients: 41 treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 41 with hemodialysis (HD). Serum Ep was determined with a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Potential serum inhibition of erythroid (CFU-E) and granulocytic (CFU-GM) progenitor cell growth was assessed using human bone marrow cell cultures. The mean Ep level for all 82 patients was 33.1 +/- 3.1 mU/ml, which was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than the values obtained in 29 normal children (26.2 +/- 2.4 mU/ml). Serum Ep in the PD group (41.6 +/- 5.6 mU/ml) was significantly higher (P = 0.007) than that of the HD group (24.6 +/- 2.1 mU/ml). The mean hematocrit in the PD group (25.2 +/- 0.8%) was also significantly higher (P less than 0.002) than that of the HD group (22.2 +/- 0.5%). The mean serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level as measured by a mid terminal radioimmunoassay was not significantly different (P = 0.79) in the HD group (17,298 +/- 3,998 pg/ml) from that of the PD group (15,747 +/- 4,227 pg/ml). Neither serum Ep nor PTH concentration correlated with hematocrit or degree of inhibition of erythroid progenitor cell colony (CFU-E) formation in either group of dialysis patients, nor did the hematocrit correlate with the degree of serum inhibition of CFU-E formation. The higher level of Ep in the PD group may indicate more effective removal by PD of some enzymatic substance which reduces the immunologic and biologic activities of Ep.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3153057 TI - Sequential hypertonic haemodialysis in children. AB - Sequential hypertonic dialysis (SHD) was studied in two binephrectomized children over a period of 6 weeks. Each dialysis session comprised four periods of 45 min. The concentration of sodium in the dialysate [Na(D)] during the first period was 190 mmol/l and during the second period 140 mmol/l. The sequence was then repeated. The sodium-free water clearance [C(ONa)] was calculated from the measurements of the ultrafiltrate clearance and of the sodium clearance. Despite the short periods of hypertonic dialysis, C(ONa) was positive, suggesting that water was removed from the intracellular compartment as well as from the extracellular fluid. The transfer of fluid from the intracellular space improved circulatory stability during rapid removal of large volumes of fluid by ultrafiltration. SHD was also associated with increased removal of potassium and phosphate. Comparison of clinical parameters before and during SHD showed a tendency towards increased sodium balance and the possibility of raised cardiovascular morbidity. SHD stabilized blood volume during ultrafiltration, encouraging removal of uraemic toxins. SHD with this level of Na(D) is only a study dialysis method. PMID- 3153058 TI - Hyperlipidemia in pediatric patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. AB - We evaluated serial measurements of serum lipid levels in 68 patients aged 12.6 +/- 4.7 years undergoing treatment with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis/continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CAPD/CCPD). Fasting mean levels of triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol (C) were elevated above the 95th percentile of published normal values by 102% and 19%, respectively, at the start of dialysis. Except for a short-term decrease in TG levels at 6 and 9 months, no significant change in mean lipid levels was observed during a follow-up period of 2 years. At initiation of dialysis, elevated TG and C levels were present in 90% and 69% of the patients, respectively. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia (HL) varied between 63% and 88% (TG) and 61% and 93% (C), respectively, during the follow-up period. TG and C levels were not correlated with caloric intake (evaluated in 17 patients), serum albumin levels, treatment modality (CAPD or CCPD), a history of the nephrotic syndrome, or previous treatment with hemodialysis or transplantation. However, a significant inverse correlation was observed between age and serum lipids at the initiation of dialysis treatment and after 1 year (TG: r = -0.40; C: r = -0.44). Our data indicate a high prevalence of HL but no significant change of serum lipid levels during 2 years of treatment with CAPD/CCPD. PMID- 3153060 TI - Psychosocial characteristics and coping skills in children maintained on chronic dialysis. AB - Psychosocial character traits and coping skills were examined in 12 children with end-stage renal failure. Six of the children were maintained on in-center hemodialysis and 6 were treated with home peritoneal dialysis. All of the patients felt a lack of ability to control their lives. The incidence of anxiety, depression, and hostility did not appear to vary from a population of healthy adolescents. Personal and social adjustment scores were, on average, on the 20th percentile. Coping skills appeared to be most influenced by the mode of dialysis treatment. Home peritoneal dialysis patients utilized self-reliance as a coping process more often than their counterparts on hemodialysis. We conclude that children maintained on chronic dialysis therapy demonstrate reasonable psychological adjustment with some differences in social and emotional functioning when compared with healthy children, and that the type of treatment chosen may influence the development of certain coping skills. PMID- 3153059 TI - Vitamin D metabolite profiles in moderate renal insufficiency of childhood. AB - In a prior study, we reported vitamin D metabolite profiles in the plasma of healthy children. In view of these findings, we investigated these same profiles in children with moderate renal insufficiency. Specimens were obtained in both summer and winter in untreated patients, and before and after treatment for up to 1 year, with either 25(OH)D3 or 1,25(OH)2D3. Mean pretreatment 1,25(OH)2D levels were normal. Levels of 25(OH)D3 were also normal and continued to vary with season. Mean pretreatment 24,25(OH)2D3 levels were significantly lower in patients and, interestingly, did not show the normal seasonal variation. Treatment with 25(OH)D3 resulted in consistent and sustained rises in 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 levels, but no increase in 1,25(OH)2D levels. After 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment, 25(OH)D3 levels were unchanged but still showed seasonal variation in some patients, suggesting a lack of feedback control by 1,25(OH)2D3. Levels of 24,25(OH)2D3 were not significantly different from baseline values. Levels of 1,25(OH)2D increased initially then dropped to pretreatment levels or lower. Normal 1,25(OH)2D levels and reduced 24,25(OH)2D3 levels with the loss of seasonal variation suggests in our patients that the kidney was able to maintain 1,25(OH)2D levels at the expense of 24,25(OH)2D3 levels, presumably to preserve calcium homeostasis. PMID- 3153062 TI - Immunology. PMID- 3153061 TI - Nephrotoxic drugs. AB - The nephrotoxic effects of cyclosporine, aminoglycoside antibiotics, cisplatin, amphotericin B, beta-lactam antibiotics and indomethacin are reviewed. These drugs were chosen because they are among the most frequent causes of renal injury in children. In addition, their nephrotoxicity is caused by different mechanisms. Several generalizations can be made, however. First, agents which cause tubular damage tend to be synergistic in their toxic effects. This synergism is seen when several nephrotoxic drugs are given simultaneously. In addition, the use of a nephrotoxic agent in a patient with pre-existing renal disease can result in severe tubular injury. Second, serum levels of the drug frequently fail to correlate with the degree of nephrotoxicity in individual patients. Third, early signs of renal injury can be subtle (e.g., minor changes in electrolyte excretion) or dramatic (e.g., acute renal failure). The subtle changes are particularly important, since they can be useful predictors of serious nephrotoxicity. PMID- 3153063 TI - Renal disease and vasculitis. AB - Vasculitis is rare in childhood, apart from Henoch-Schonlein purpura, and paediatric nephrologists see few cases of Wegener's granuloma or microscopic polyarteritis. In contrast, this pattern is reversed in adults. Recently much information about the presentation and longer-term course of both these conditions has been described in adults, and more aggressive treatment of severe cases with renal failure has improved the outlook from a 5-year survival of about 5%-80% or more. In parallel, it has become evident that the abundant immune complexes in the circulation of patients with vasculitis may play little or no role in the pathogenesis of the vasculitic lesions. Current interest centres both on the possible role of cell-mediated immunity and the recent finding of antibodies which react with antigens in the cytoplasm of leucocytes. These antibodies seem to be of clinical use in defining patients with vasculitis, especially when only the kidney is involved at a clinical level. The nature of this leucocyte antigen (or antigens) and the possible role of antibodies directed against them in the pathogenesis of the disease are subjects of current work in many laboratories. PMID- 3153065 TI - Meeting of the European Working Group on Psychosocial Aspects of Children with Chronic Renal Failure, Jerusalem, Israel, 8-12 November 1987. PMID- 3153066 TI - Good outcome in prune-belly syndrome despite associated severe anomalies. AB - A boy aged 4.5 years with prune-belly syndrome and associated urethral stenosis, oligohydramnios, imperforate anus and vesicosigmoid fistula is described. In contrast to the anticipated poor prognosis, vesicostomy and divided transverse colostomy performed after birth followed by prophylaxis of infection and bicarbonate supplementation have resulted in a good outcome. The vesicosigmoid fistula might have served in utero as a "natural diversion" protecting from pressure-induced renal damage. It is suggested that the main determinant of prognosis in PBS is the presence and degree of kidney dysplasia at birth as reflected by the neonatal renal function after performance of an indicated urinary diversion procedure rather than the presence of severe associated anomalies. PMID- 3153067 TI - Clinical quiz. Aluminum toxicity. PMID- 3153068 TI - [Advances in gynecologic oncology]. PMID- 3153069 TI - [Non-immunologic fetal hydrops: an approach to its management]. PMID- 3153064 TI - Renal tubular hyperkalaemia in childhood. AB - Potassium output from the body is regulated by renal excretion, which takes place predominantly in the late distal and cortical collecting tubules. The accepted model for potassium secretion implies the accumulation of potassium into the cell by the activity of basolateral Na-K-ATPase and its exit through voltage-dependent conductive channels. The factors regulating renal potassium secretion are potassium intake, distal urinary flow, systemic acid-base equilibrium, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone and, probably, epinephrine. Renal handling of potassium is best studied by the response to the acute administration of furosemide. This loop diuretic not only increases sodium and chloride excretion but also enhances potassium and hydrogen ion excretion and stimulates the renin aldosterone axis. The term "renal tubular hyperkalaemia" refers to a tubular dysfunction where the hyperkalaemia is disproportionate to any reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and not due primarily or solely to aldosterone deficiency or to drugs impairing either mineralocorticoid action or tubular transport. The syndromes of renal tubular hyperkalaemia mainly observed in childhood are "chloride shunt" syndrome, hyporeninaemic hypoaldosteronism and primary or secondary pseudohypoaldosteronism. Differential diagnosis between these conditions is easily made if attention is paid to the level of GFR, presence of sodium wasting, activity of the renin-aldosterone axis and renal response to acute administration of furosemide. PMID- 3153072 TI - [Genito-urinary infections and cerclage in spontaneous abortion over 13 weeks and recurrent premature labor]. PMID- 3153070 TI - [Potter's syndrome: a clinical case]. PMID- 3153071 TI - [Clinical treatment of prolactinoma in women: analysis of 40 cases]. PMID- 3153073 TI - [Mixed gonadal dysgenesis]. PMID- 3153074 TI - [Ovarian and hypogastric artery ligation in obstetrical and gynecological hemorrhage]. PMID- 3153075 TI - [Lichen sclerosus of the vulva: experience in the last 12 years]. PMID- 3153076 TI - [Experience with the Palmer method in the correction of cervical incompetence as a cause of abortion]. PMID- 3153078 TI - [Normal fetal cardiac dimensions by ultrasonics]. PMID- 3153077 TI - [Gyneco-obstetrical morbidity in the population of Santiago]. PMID- 3153079 TI - [Effect of bile acids on the myometral contractility of the isolated pregnant uterus]. PMID- 3153080 TI - [Sensibility of alkaline phosphatase as an auxiliary test for the diagnosis of cholestasis in pregnancy]. PMID- 3153081 TI - [Ultrasonics in infertility]. PMID- 3153082 TI - [Increase in androgen production in women: physiopathology, clinical evaluation and management]. PMID- 3153083 TI - [Professor Alcibiades Vicencio]. PMID- 3153084 TI - [AIDS in obstetrics, gynecology and perinatology]. PMID- 3153085 TI - [Evaluation of fetal pulmonary maturity by optic density of amniotic fluid and the modified Clements' test]. PMID- 3153086 TI - [Sperm separation using human amniotic fluid]. PMID- 3153087 TI - [Abdomino-pelvic hematomas in obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 3153088 TI - [Various clinical aspects of menopause]. PMID- 3153089 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of partial uterine perforation by IUD]. PMID- 3153090 TI - [Simplified treatment schedule of sexually transmitted diseases in gynecology, obstetrics and perinatology]. PMID- 3153091 TI - [Intravenous insulin in post-partum uterine inertia]. PMID- 3153092 TI - [Chorioamnionitis caused by candida associated with intrauterine devices]. PMID- 3153094 TI - [Primary care in maternal-child health]. PMID- 3153093 TI - [Autologous transfusion in gynecology]. PMID- 3153095 TI - [Fetal hypoxia: hormonal and cardiovascular response]. PMID- 3153096 TI - [Immediate effects of a cervico-uterine cancer control program on morbidity in the IX region of Araucania]. PMID- 3153097 TI - [Myocardial infarction and pregnancy]. PMID- 3153098 TI - [Obstetric hysterectomy]. PMID- 3153099 TI - [Obstetrical anesthesia in patients with paraplegia]. PMID- 3153100 TI - [The desire to be pregnant and its influence on the mother and child's health in the poor sector of Santiago (preliminary report)]. PMID- 3153101 TI - [Negative Clements' test: neonatal development]. PMID- 3153102 TI - [Microsurgical tubal anastomosis: analysis of the results]. PMID- 3153103 TI - [Early diagnosis of cancer of the stomach. Groups at risk for the disease]. PMID- 3153104 TI - [Endoscopic cytology of the upper part of the digestive tract]. PMID- 3153105 TI - [Fibroscopic extraction of foreign bodies from the upper part of the digestive tract]. PMID- 3153106 TI - [Eosinophilic granuloma of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 3153107 TI - [Internal shunts of the digestive system after gastric surgery]. PMID- 3153108 TI - [Malignant polyps of the of the colon--is endoscopic polypectomy adequate treatment?]. PMID- 3153109 TI - [Indications for cholecystectomy]. PMID- 3153110 TI - [Ultrasonography and ERCP in the diagnosis of diseases of the pancreatico-biliary region. I. The pancreas]. PMID- 3153111 TI - Chronic and recurring abdominal pain. PMID- 3153112 TI - Medicine and the performing arts. Medical problems of ballet dancers and musicians. PMID- 3153113 TI - 1st July 1916--a surgical disaster. PMID- 3153114 TI - The evolution of hip replacement. PMID- 3153115 TI - Medical advertising. PMID- 3153116 TI - The conquest of cholera. PMID- 3153117 TI - The art of communication in medicine. PMID- 3153118 TI - Update on virology: the nature of viruses and control of the diseases they cause. PMID- 3153119 TI - Medicine and the performing arts. The stage fright syndrome. PMID- 3153120 TI - Manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of fasting and postprandial hypoglycemias. PMID- 3153121 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 3153122 TI - [The Society of Biology of Chile. 31st annual meeting. La Serena, November 23-26, 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3153123 TI - [The Chilean Society of Reproduction and Development. 2nd annual meeting. La Serena, November 22-24, 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3153125 TI - [Nutritional pathology in Latin America and the Caribbean]. AB - The Latin American and Caribbean Region has different general characteristics as compared to other regions of the world. These peculiarities have determined certain food and nutritional problems which require specific programs and policies. Even though the universal coverage of basic needs is desirable, this is not the situation in the Region, and it is possible to identify integral vulnerable groups in every population. The study of problems related to food and nutrition requires a global and multidisciplinary approach considering ecological, economical, social and cultural factors affecting communities, especially marginal urban and rural populations. Nutritional diseases represent the last stages of the natural development of malnutrition, and although they are used as indicators of the nutritional situation, their magnitude always underestimate their real impact. It is in the large cities of Latin America that we can really understand the concept of malnutrition, which includes diseases related with both deficient and excessive food consumption. In fact, the development of sub-urban poor communities in large cities, short lactation period, low wages, low maternal schooling, soon lead to the development of under nutrition in young urban populations. On the other hand, the interaction of urbanization, sedentary jobs, deficient food knowledge and excessive consumption of cheap foods, sometimes produces on the "survivors of under-nutrition" over nutrition diseases, a problem which is acquiring more prevalence, especially in adults (obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis). The real nutritional diseases in Latin America do not depend on the deficit or excess of a specific nutrient. The true causes are to be properly identified in order to state recommendations which benefit population groups, and not only reach academic purposes. PMID- 3153124 TI - [Nutrition yesterday and today]. AB - The history of human nutrition from primitive times to actuality is briefly outlined. Many of the modern nutritional problems can be traced back to changes caused by the introduction of agriculture and, more recently, food technology. These developments have changed the composition of the diet to which the primitive hunter-gatherers had adapted themselves during millions of years. Changes in food habits and the beginning of the science of nutrition are discussed, and a brief review of nutritional recommendations is provided. The terms of nutritional goals and rules, so much used today, are of recent introduction. Nevertheless, norms, normal allowances and other similar expressions have since long ago been in use. Nutritional goals should be based on the vital habits of the population for which they are intended, and should be adapted to the ever emerging new findings in nutritional sciences. PMID- 3153126 TI - [Estimation of the energy needs at the national level: use of the FAO/WHO/UNU 1985 approach]. AB - This paper analyzes the methodology proposed by FAO/WHO/UNU 1985 to determine energy requirements and recommendations for population groups. The physiological basis for individual requirements and the components to estimate the energy expenditure of population groups, are presented. This new approach requires a detailed knowledge of the distribution of the population by sex, age and level of physical activity. In the absence of physical activity data the distribution by employment category may be used. Our study suggests characterizing the population through the use of biotypes, according to sex, age and level of physical activity. This new approach also requires the knowledge of weight and height of a representative sample of the population. The planner should also consider a desirable level of physical activity for the population, and decide if the energy recommendation should optimize the weight and height of individuals to promote improved physical well being and health status. The application of this approach to a specific country in Latin America revealed that the available data are insufficient for an adequate estimation of energy needs of the population. Nevertheless, results suggest that the energy gaps for urban sedentary groups are less than those calculated using the traditional FAO/WHO 1973 reference pattern. The energy needs of the countries in the Region will increase as the infant population improves physical development more in accordance with the full expression of their genetic endowment. Further increases in energy needs are estimated as the general population increases the level of discretionary physical activity. PMID- 3153127 TI - [Fats in the diet]. AB - Fats are important constituents of the human diet since on the one hand, they contribute to the caloric density of the diet, and on the other, they serve as vehicles of essential nutrients such as linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids, as well as fat-soluble vitamins. The existence of human populations subsisting on diets with values as low as 10% or more than 50% of the calories represented by fats, has been documented, demonstrating the great adaptability of man to a wide availability of this type of food. Nevertheless, extensive epidemiological and experimental research in relation to a frequent degenerative diseases of man, arteriosclerosis, have consistently demonstrated that the proportion of saturated fats in the diet has a positive correlation with the frequency of these alterations. Mortality and fat availability in Latin America is consistent with these results. In consequence, and taking into consideration the present level of fat availability in the Region, we propose that no more than 25% of the caloric requirement should be covered by fats. Additionally, this amount of fat should have equal proportions of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Cholesterol, which is contained in animal fats, is not a necessary nutrient for humans, so that no minimum consumption needs to be established. Daily ingestion of cholesterol should be restrained to no more than 100 mg/1,000 calories. Introduction of new fatty foods for human consumption should be preceded by a thorough investigation of the metabolic consequences. PMID- 3153128 TI - [3 problem vitamins in Latin America]. AB - The list of vitamins recognized as essential in human nutrition is extensive. Only some of them, however, are attributed an important role in public health. The present paper deals with three of these selected because their deficiencies still prevail in important sectors of population in the Latin American Region: vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin D. For each vitamin the paper discusses the scientific bases for their requirements, as well as pragmatic considerations to be taken into account for the derivation of recommended dietary intakes. Reference is made to the logic of applying the concepts of nutrient density when developing guidelines for the design of diets for the family and the community. Adequate nutrient density means that when a diet is consumed in sufficient amounts to satisfy energy requirements, the needs for essential nutrients are also being met. For the above reasons, the principle of expressing the recommended levels of intake of vitamin A and C per 1,000 kilocalories has been followed. This is not the case with vitamin D which, in view of its special feature of being synthesized endogenously, is not really a vitamin in the strict sense of the term and, therefore, a rational and consistent relationship with the energy of the diet cannot be established. PMID- 3153129 TI - [Abuse of megadoses of vitamins]. AB - There is no evidence of any nutritional benefit derived from the consumption of vitamin supplements in excess of the daily intakes recommended by the various international and national expert committees. Furthermore, in the case of certain of the vitamins such as vitamin A and vitamin D, excessive intakes result in toxic effects. To a lesser extent this is also the case for vitamin C and nicotinic acid. In addition, the use of high supplements or megadoses of any vitamin results in a wasteful misuse of economic resources. This reduces the capacity to acquire foods which would have clear nutritional benefits for the whole family. Consequently, the indiscriminate use of these megadoses must be discouraged. Their application is exclusively justified in clinical situations under direct medical supervision. PMID- 3153131 TI - [Fortification and enrichment of foods: considerations on their use for achieving nutritional goals]. AB - The diet should, ideally, provide adequate amounts of all nutrients. The traditional foods of many Latin American countries, however, must be fortified or enriched with certain nutrients to satisfy the needs of the whole population. These measures should be considered as temporary, until improvements are achieved in dietary diversification, economic conditions, nutrition education and food processing and storage. Restoration of nutrients lost during cooking or processing and equalization of new foods with the nutrients present in traditional foods, are also important. Conditions for a successful program of fortification or enrichment include a widespread and regular intake of the dietary vehicle, high bioavailability of the added nutrient, low costs of the nutrient and the fortified vehicle, central processing, organoleptic characteristics that ensure acceptability, stability of the product during storage and cooking, no risk of toxicity, and adequate control during the process, distribution, marketing and consumption of the fortified vehicle or food. Control measures must be supported by legal sanctions to those who do not comply with the norms for obligatory fortification or enrichment. Control measures must also identify the necessary modifications due to changes in dietary habits or public health interventions. In Latin America there are fortification and enrichment programs with various nutrients in which local diets are scarce. Many Latin American scientists have been pioneers in this field. PMID- 3153130 TI - [Requirements of nutrients which participate in erythropoiesis]. AB - Proteins, some minerals and vitamins, play important roles in erythropoiesis and the survival of the red blood cell. This article deals specifically with the physiological requirements and recommended intakes of iron, folate and vitamin B12. A comparison of the physiologic iron requirements according to age and sex, and the amount of iron which is actually absorbed from the diets consumed by the lower socioeconomic strata of the Venezuelan population; indicates that these diets do not satisfy the requirements at all ages. Such disparity is most marked in children below three years of age, in adolescents and in women during their reproductive age. Failure to do so leads to varying degrees of iron deficiency. This low bioavailability of the Venezuelan diet is also observed in other Latin American diets consumed by the same low socioeconomic strata, which explains the high prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia in the vulnerable groups. The low intake of fruits and vegetables by the lower socioeconomic strata of the Latin American population prevents these sectors from consuming an adequate intake of folate, failing to fulfill the daily recommended intake (3.3 - 3.6 micrograms/kg body weight). This situation is aggravated in pregnant and lactating women who require an additional intake of 300 micrograms and 100 micrograms, respectively. Prevalence of folate deficiency in the first stage may be in the order of 30% in some regions. In the second stage of deficiency, characterized by megaloblastic changes in the bone marrow and an erythrocyte folate concentration of less than 50 micrograms/lt, it could be as high as 40% in pregnant women. Nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency does not constitute a health problem in Latin America. Various surveys in the lower socioeconomic strata have reported normal or higher than normal serum B12 concentrations, compared to well-nourished populations. PMID- 3153132 TI - [The nutritional and health status of the Latin American woman]. AB - Latin America is a region where countries have various levels of socioeconomic development. Thus, the living standards and health status of its people differ significantly in the midst of a mosaic of social, ethnic, cultural and economic realities. Social inequalities and extreme poverty determine significant differences, not only in the magnitude of health indicators, but also in the type of pathology prevalent. People in the high socioeconomic levels are affected by nutritional diseases characterized by excessive food intake, while people from the low socioeconomic levels are affected by undernutrition and its associated pathology. Undernutrition occurs fundamentally among the age groups at higher risk in the population segments with low income, low food intake, illiteracy and poor access to the health care and preventive medicine centers. Among families exposed to undernutrition, women are usually in worse condition than men. This is due to the long working hours and the increased nutritional requirements caused by frequent gestations and prolonged lactation. It is estimated that one fourth of newborns in Latin America are affected by low birth weight, which has been associated to adolescent mothers, their excessive physical work, anemia, low maternal pregestational weight, low weight gain during gestation, and frequent maternal infections. Nutritional anemia due to iron deficiency is highly prevalent among pregnant women in Latin America. In some countries, the prevalence of folate deficiency during pregnancy appears to have increased significantly in the past 15 years and is becoming a nutritional problem that needs preferential attention. Diets generally are inadequate and, in the case of pregnant and lactating women, usually deficient in calories, protein, iron and folic acid. It is urgent that the health and nutritional status of Latin American women of low socioeconomic condition be given special attention, particularly mothers during gestation and lactation. Otherwise, women will not be able to altogether fulfill their important role in the home and within the family, nor will they successfully participate in the economic development of their countries. PMID- 3153133 TI - [Food guidelines and nutritional goals for aging]. AB - As a contribution to the formulation of food guidelines and nutritional goals for Latin America, this article examines the singular situation of the elderly, defined as those persons over 60 years of age. The projected data for the year 2025, published by the Population Department of the United Nations, show that this age group represents an important sector--6.4% of the population in 1980- that is growing. Some countries, however, do have a rate that is comparable to the United States, 11.3%, such as Argentina, 12.7%, and Uruguay, 14.8%, which is similar to that of Europe. Along with other comparative demographic information, the analysis covers some of the biological, physiological, pathological, and psychosocial characteristics that become more common in senescence. To a certain extent, these characteristics bear a direct or indirect relationship with the energy, protein, and nutrient content of the diet. This becomes more evident upon examining the causes of mortality and morbidity in the elderly, whose diseases are quite often chronic and degenerative. Those with the highest incidence, such as the cardiovascular ones--including cerebrovascular accidents, atherosclerosis, and hypertension--diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, anemias from lack of iron and folates, and some forms of cancer, reveal the influence of certain nutrients in their pathogenesis. Very few studies have been done on the over-70 age group to determine their requirements for energy, proteins, and various nutrients that serve as the basis for appropriate food guidelines. Usually, estimates are extrapolated from data on the 40-and-over age group. Some maintain that the variations for the elderly are small, but since this group is growing and is far from homogeneous, such a hypothesis must be tested. Following a review of recent literature, the article proposes a set of Food Guidelines and Nutritional Goals for persons over 60 in Latin America. It also recommends to countries interested in formulating their own guidelines how to proceed for the short, medium, and long terms. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the elderly are the most neglected group with reference to government programs, and most forgotten by society. They depend to a great extent on the labor force of each country. They suffer most frequently from chronic diseases and have the most need for medical care, they use a broad range of drugs that may interfere with the absorption and utilization of nutrients, as well as foods when may impair the bioavailability of drugs. They show the highest mortality rates, and, in a high proportion, require a normal diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3153134 TI - [Changes in the patterns of food consumption in Latin America]. AB - Food consumption patterns have suffered important although not generalized changes in recent years. A series of factors favor these changes, such as variations in family income, rural-urban migration, increase of tertiary activities related to foods, and exposure to commercial propaganda. All of these factors, when compared among them, do not have the same impact or validity. Thus, while the first two induce changes in the food pattern, the last two guide the consumer to certain food products. Modernization of the food pattern in Latin America and the Caribbean has been inspired by the USA food pattern of the previous decade, which from the nutritional and economic points of view, does not prove to be desirable. The average USA diet is rich in both saturated and mono- and polyunsaturated fats, as well as in refined sugar and all types of additives. It is poor in carbohydrates, particular in those of the complex type; most of its protein is of animal origin. It may also be rich in salt and poor in fiber, as it is made up by well-diversified industrialized foods in their presentation, manufactured and marketed by a highly industrialized production-distribution capitalized structure. The adopted model is not in correspondence with out countries' natural resources; it produces a displacement of the consumption patterns based on autochthonous and/or traditional components, and induces an increase in food imports. Since Latin American countries are of poor economic resources, and the model renders expensive products, these are absorbed by the socioeconomic group able to pay for them and/or--intermittently--as a high-cost product by calorie delivered, by the poor groups who are most in need, a situation which would imply serious damage on the quality and quantity of their diet. Changes in food habits and in food consumption patterns are related to a certain socio-demographic process which cannot be stopped. Consequently, this process should be carefully analyzed and understood in order to contribute to channel it in the best possible manner and to protect the food and nutritional situation of the consumer. The expert in nutrition should therefore play an important role in those tasks of public benefit, fundamentally in the areas of regulation and normalization of the quality of new foods, as well as in the diffusion of information and education, at all levels, of the consumer. PMID- 3153135 TI - [Desirable and undesirable food customs, practices and habits]. AB - The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of habits and practices in shaping human dietary behavior. After defining terms and concepts, the origin of habits is briefly reviewed and ideas on the strategies to modify them are discussed. Habits stand among the most important determinants of food consumption, but their extreme complexity is poorly understood; a great number of physiological, psychological, economic, technological and sociocultural factors participate. Even though some habits are deleterious to health, many others are beneficial or irrelevant; while the first should be corrected, beneficial habits should be reinforced. By their own nature, habits are modifiable, and at the same time quite stable. Modification is possible, but prudence and patience are required. PMID- 3153136 TI - [Basis for the elaboration of nutritional guidelines]. AB - The work herein described proposes certain essential methodological baselines in preparing nutritional guidelines for the population. Based on the general statement concerning the social and nutritional conditions of Colombia--which point out the general tendencies for Latin America--the author presents some of the actual relations between food habits and local epidemiology. The establishment of nutritional guides for the community requires a general conception of the food system and concurrent and concerted actions in the production, distribution and consumption sub-systems. The economic and sociocultural factors that must be taken into account when designing these guides, are defined in the present document. Among such factors, it is unavoidable to be fully cognizant of the food habits and practices of the population. Consequently, the development of surveys and qualitative studies that maintain actual diagnostics constitutes an indispensable tool for the adequate preparation of nutritional guides. PMID- 3153137 TI - Gene transfer, recombination and gene cloning in Clostridium acetobutylicum. AB - Although Clostridium acetobutylicum has been used for over 70 years for the industrial production of solvents, it is only recently that studies on the genetics of this organism have been initiated. Recent advances in the development of genetic transfer systems as well as the cloning and expression of genes from this organism in Escherichia coli are reviewed. PMID- 3153138 TI - Secretion of mammalian polypeptides from yeast. AB - Yeast cells are capable of expressing and secreting foreign polypeptides into the medium. Mammalian glycoproteins are glycosylated when secreted from yeast although the exact oligosaccharide sequence is not reproduced. PMID- 3153139 TI - Expression of heterologous genes in E. coli. AB - The strategies for the expression of cloned foreign genes in E. coli are described, and some of the tactics that can be employed to ensure high levels of expression are identified. More fundamental problems associated with scale-up, such as plasmid stability and protein processing, are also addressed. PMID- 3153140 TI - Industrially useful microbial polysaccharides. AB - A number of microbial exopolysaccharides possess properties of industrial importance, especially as viscosifiers and gelling agents. This group of biopolymers is diverse in its chemical composition and structure; it includes both anionic and neutral polysaccharides, most of which are of bacterial origin. PMID- 3153141 TI - Deviations from the 'universal' genetic code. AB - Experimental data show that ciliates and mycoplasmas have genetic codes different from the 'universal' code. An evolutionary scheme which could explain the origin of terminators in a genetic code and relate it to the phenomenon of nuclear dimorphism in ciliates is proposed. PMID- 3153142 TI - Sexual differentiation and interactions in yeasts. AB - Results of analytical studies on sex-specific substances, together with behavioural analysis of mating yeast cells, allow some comprehension of the mechanisms regulating the mating reaction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Interspecific and intergeneric sexual interactions are studied with the hope of elucidating the ecological and phylogenetic significance of sexual differentiation and interaction in yeasts. PMID- 3153143 TI - Plasmids in multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Contemporary clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus possess a formidable array of determinants for resistance to antimicrobial agents, a number of which are plasmid encoded. The plasmids detected in such multiresistant isolates from Australia, Europe and the USA are compared and some of the potential genetic rearrangements involved in their evolution discussed. PMID- 3153145 TI - Inducible DNA repair in microbes. AB - DNA damage can be removed, or tolerated by altered recombination and DNA replication. Often synthesis of extra DNA repair proteins is induced by DNA damage. PMID- 3153144 TI - The Iridovirus frog virus 3: a model for trans-acting proteins. AB - The amphibian Iridovirus, frog virus 3 (FV3), produces at least two trans activating proteins that stimulate the expression of viral genes. One of these proteins induces transcription from the promoter of an immediate-early FV3 gene, whereas the other induces transcription from exogenously methylated DNA. These proteins may serve as a model for both viral and cellular trans-acting factors. PMID- 3153146 TI - Factors limiting the efficiency of cellulase enzymes. AB - The major reasons behind the low efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose are reviewed. The problem is a result of the heterogeneous nature of the hydrolysis reaction which involves a multicomponent soluble catalyst, an insoluble substrate and products which are both. PMID- 3153147 TI - Pathogenic anaerobic bacteria of man. AB - A range of anaerobic bacteria may be pathogenic to man. Those of particular clinical significance are reviewed and prospects for their control by antibiotic therapy discussed. PMID- 3153148 TI - Microbial degradation of phthalate esters. AB - Nocardia erythropolis rapidly degrades phthalate esters. Phthalate esters were efficiently removed from wastewater by inoculating cells of N. erythropolis into activated sludge. A fluorescent antibody technique was successfully applied for tracing the specified microorganism in a mixed culture system. The metabolic pathway was investigated and enzymes were purified. PMID- 3153149 TI - Symbiosis of protozoa with hydrogen-utilizing methanogens. AB - The symbiotic interaction between bacteria and protozoa is a well-known phenomenon. Endosymbiosis of bacteria in the amoeba Pelomyxa was reported as early as 1902 by Penard and since then endosymbiosis has been described for a variety of protozoa by many authors. Also episymbiosis of bacteria and protozoa has been observed frequently. However, surprisingly little is known about the physiological interaction of both partners in such a close association. This is mostly because of problems that arise in characterizing the bacteria, and the unknown nature of excretion products of one partner utilized by the other. The discovery of some unique fluorescent cofactors involved in methane biochemistry which are specific for methanogenic bacteria enabled recognition of these microorganisms by fluorescence microscopy. Using this technique, several symbiotic associations between anaerobic protozoa and methanogenic bacteria have been found. The aim of this paper is to review the field and to discuss the possible functions of symbiosis for both bacteria and protozoa. PMID- 3153150 TI - Cellular control in the eukaryotic cell through action of proteinases: the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism. AB - The involvement of proteinases in cellular control was neglected for many years since it was hard to imagine that such a vital class of macromolecules as the proteins, which are assembled at the expense of a lot of energy, could be broken down by the cell again. To many earlier researchers, proteinases seemed to be boring catalysts present in the cell only to annoy biochemists who wanted to purify proteins. In contrast, recent research has shown proteinases to be vital catalysts in the control of cellular events. PMID- 3153151 TI - Oil on malaria-troubled waters. PMID- 3153152 TI - The pathogenesis of opportunistic mycoses in man. AB - A variety of fungi capable of growth at around 37 degrees C are potential pathogens of suitably compromised animals, including man. While awareness of diseases by these opportunistic fungi is increasing, details of their pathogenesis are largely unknown, although ability of the host to inhibit spore germination appears to be central to resistance to infection. PMID- 3153153 TI - Fiji and pseudo-Fiji diseases of sugar-cane. AB - Fijivirus, one of the group of phytoreoviruses, causes leaf galls known as Fiji disease of sugar-cane. In contrast, the so-called pseudo-Fiji disease, considered by some to be a virus disease, has been shown to be of non-viral origin. PMID- 3153154 TI - Photosynthetic phagotrophy of Chrysophyceae: evolutionary aspects. AB - Phagotrophy must have arisen fundamentally in all eukaryotes. Chrysophyceae, which exhibit both phagocytosis and photosynthesis, are an interesting subject for evolutionary study. On the basis of a handful of articles, we boldly assumed that Ochromonas and Uroglena are in an intermediate stage of evolution towards animal cells and will evolve a divergent dichotomy in future. PMID- 3153155 TI - Biosurfactants. AB - Many different types of biosurfactants are synthesized by microorganisms. As the structures and properties are elucidated, yields increased and costs of recovery from the fermentation media reduced, biosurfactants will become important industrial chemicals. PMID- 3153156 TI - Biotechnological applications of carboxydotrophic bacteria. AB - Carbon monoxide (CO) is a widespread pollutant and a hazard to man because of its extremely toxic nature. It is a major component of some industrial gas mixtures and may be derived from coal. The carboxydotrophic bacteria obtain energy and carbon from the oxidation of CO. These organisms may be used to produce new metabolites, and the oxidases from them may be used to produce fuel cells and biosensors for CO. PMID- 3153157 TI - Recent trends in the immunology of dermatophytosis. AB - The application of modern techniques for in vitro studies of the cell-mediated and humoral immune responses has lead to clarification of some immunological mechanisms in human acute and chronic dermatophytosis. PMID- 3153158 TI - International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF): name changes in fungi of microbiological, industrial and medical importance. Part 1. AB - This is the first of a series of reports bringing changes in the names of fungi of microbiological, industrial and medical importance to the attention of workers in these fields. The series is sponsored by the Division of Mycology of the International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS) and prepared under the auspices of the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF). PMID- 3153159 TI - Microbial problems with waste from potato-starch processing. AB - In recent years, anaerobic wastewater purification processes have been improved considerably. By its very composition potato wastewater causes a series of rather specific problems for its anaerobic treatment. PMID- 3153160 TI - Ambisense RNA viruses: positive and negative polarities combined in RNA virus genomes. AB - The coding strategies of arenaviruses (family Arenaviridae) and members of the Phlebovirus genus of the Bunyaviridae differ from those of other negative-sense RNA viruses in that some proteins are coded in viral-complementary RNA sequences and others are coded in the viral RNA sequence. The term ambisense RNA has been proposed to denote these unique coding arrangements. The implications of the ambisense RNA coding strategy for the evolution and infection processes of these viruses are discussed. PMID- 3153161 TI - Genetic instability in streptomycetes. PMID- 3153162 TI - Gene matching in plant pathology. PMID- 3153163 TI - The zymogram technique: isoenzyme patterns as an aid in Penicillium classification. AB - The zymogram technique, a means of visualizing isoenzymes and comparing differences between related species, is described. The technique has been applied to the very difficult Penicillium subgenus Penicillium with notable success. Results have reinforced some aspects of accepted taxonomies and provided a basis for re-examination of others. The zymogram technique should have broad applicability to other fungal genera. PMID- 3153165 TI - Agrobacterium rhizogenes as a vector for transforming higher plants. AB - Agrobacterium rhizogenes is a natural vector for genetically transforming higher plants. A protocol is given for using this system to insert foreign genes into host plants. Improvements currently being developed in several laboratories are also discussed. PMID- 3153164 TI - Geminivirus genomes. AB - The geminiviruses are unusual plant viruses containing circular single-stranded DNA. The sequences and organization of several of their genomes are described, and recent experiments towards understanding their replication, gene expression and gene functions are discussed. PMID- 3153166 TI - Copper resistance in bacteria. AB - Copper is a required trace element for many organisms, yet it can exert an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth at relatively low concentrations. However, there are some bacterial species that can tolerate high levels of copper. It also has been reported that copper resistance is plasmid-encoded in Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and a Pseudomonas syringae isolate. It is not known if copper is effluxed from the cell, detoxified by binding to copper-binding proteins, or binds to cell-surface components. Actual data on copper transport in bacteria is also lacking, indicating that this area of research deserves serious attention. PMID- 3153167 TI - Anti-idiotypic antibodies: a new generation of vaccines against infectious agents. AB - Anti-idiotypic antibodies have been suggested recently as candidates for potential vaccines against numerous infectious organisms. These antibody-based vaccines might represent a new generation of vaccines for inducing protective immunity in susceptible hosts. PMID- 3153168 TI - Biotechnology in Australia: promise of performance? PMID- 3153169 TI - Hepatitis B virus proteins eliciting protective immunity. AB - The immune response to current hepatitis B vaccines appears to be qualitatively different from the response elicited during recovery from natural infection. Such disparate responses can probably be explained by the absence or under representation of preS- and the nucleoprotein core-specific determinants in the vaccines. The incorporation of these determinants into future vaccines may improve their efficacy. PMID- 3153171 TI - Infant botulism--one cause of 'cot death'. PMID- 3153170 TI - Microbial lipids betrayed by their fossils. AB - Novel families of microbial lipids have been betrayed by their molecular fossils. They comprise the very widespread and varied hopanoids, and 'orphan' lipids. Membrane reinforcement appears to be universally achieved by these polyterpenoids; a hypothetical phylogenetic tree comprises the above, some postulated intermediates, bacterial carotenoids, cycloartenol, and finally cholesterol. PMID- 3153172 TI - Fixing on an enigma. PMID- 3153173 TI - Problems and potential for in situ treatment of environmental pollutants by engineered microorganisms. AB - Molecular microbial ecology could provide tools for studying the structure and function of biodegradative microbial communities useful for in situ removal of environmental pollutants. Detection and monitoring of released organisms in the environment is required and DNA:DNA colony hybridization seems to be one of the highly sensitive and accurate technologies available for achieving this goal. A realistic and pragmatic view is required for analysis of the risks of environmental release of genetically-modified or engineered organisms. PMID- 3153174 TI - Longevity of microorganisms in natural environments. AB - Bacterial endospores are exceptional among living systems in respect to their resistance to adverse environmental conditions, notably to heat and dessication, and consequently might be expected to show crytobiosis of very long duration. This report considers recent observations indicating that the maximal longevity of bacterial spores is probably much greater than previously believed. PMID- 3153175 TI - Shedding our skin. PMID- 3153176 TI - Changing the message. PMID- 3153177 TI - International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi code of practice for systematic mycologists. AB - Fourteen points which mycologists dealing with the systematics of fungi (including yeasts) are encouraged to adhere to in their work are presented as a Code of Practice for Systematic Mycologists. Adoption of these will encourage both stability in nomenclature and uniformity in approaches to the descriptions of fungi. PMID- 3153178 TI - Bacterial membrane proteins. AB - Bacterial membranes have diverse functions, depending on whether they are specialized membranes or cytoplasmic membranes possessing transport, mitochondrial activities and biosynthetic functions for assembly of membranes, walls and capsules. In contrast to plasma membranes which serve as major biochemical organelles of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, the outer membranes of the latter group confer barrier functions on the cells, providing a variety of selective channels. Although prokaryotic cells lack the array of membranous organelles characteristic of eukaryotic cells, bacteria with specific physiological and genetic capabilities form specialized membrane systems such as the bacteriorhodopsin purple membrane, chromatophore membranes of phototrophs, and forespore membranes essential to bacterial endospore formation. Unravelling the structure, function and proteins of these membranes presents a formidable biochemical, immunochemical and structural challenge. PMID- 3153179 TI - Attractive propositions: microbial responses to chemical signals. PMID- 3153180 TI - Developments in protoplast fusion in fungi. AB - Protoplasts have proved to be valuable tools in fungal genetics. Removal of the cell wall is clearly very significant because this organelle has an important role in cell-cell interactions. Using the molecular 'glue' polyethylene glycol or electrofusion methods, protoplasts can be fused in intraspecies and interspecies and intergeneric combinations. The technique has therefore opened up an important new area of study which has both fundamental and applied importance. PMID- 3153181 TI - Yeast tubulin genes. AB - There are two alpha-tubulin genes and one beta-tubulin gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Detailed analyses employing tubulin mutants and cloned genes have revealed different cellular roles for the tubulin genes in these organisms. PMID- 3153184 TI - How do bacteria attach to solid surfaces? PMID- 3153183 TI - An efflux system for cationic dyes and related compounds in Escherichia coli. AB - Escherichia coli possesses an efflux system of broad specificity for complex organic cations. The operation of this system interferes with the use of lipophilic cations such as phosphonium ions for membrane potential measurement. PMID- 3153182 TI - The role of influenza virus haemagglutinin in membrane fusion. AB - An acid-induced conformational change in influenza virus haemagglutinin triggers the virus to fuse with the endosomal membrane of a host cell during infection. Structural aspects of this change are discussed along with the possible haemagglutinin-mediated processes which occur during membrane fusion. PMID- 3153186 TI - Do hot air hand driers spread infection? PMID- 3153185 TI - New rules for regulation (4)--Recent advances in the study of transcription attenuation. PMID- 3153187 TI - Lighten our darkness. PMID- 3153188 TI - An explicit model for bacterial resistance: application to beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - The effectiveness of beta-lactam antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria that contain beta-lactamases is considered in terms of three factors. These are a rate constant for reaction of the beta-lactam antibiotic with a transpeptidase, the kinetic parameters for hydrolysis of the antibiotic by the beta-lactamase, and the permeability of the outer membrane. The concept of a dimensionless permeability number (Pn) is developed. When the permeability number is much less than one then permeability is important, and the MIC may be raised by a factor of up to 1/Pn. When the antibiotic is sufficiently reactive its effectiveness is given by the 'reactivity-permeability' product. PMID- 3153189 TI - Beta-lactamases: a new twist to an old problem. AB - Beta-lactamases have been known for as long as penicillin has been used for chemotherapy. Their importance to man is that they are overwhelmingly responsible for bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, i.e. those similar to penicillin and the cephalosporins. PMID- 3153190 TI - Multiplicity of regulatory mechanisms controlling amino acid biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Transcriptional, post-transcriptional and translational regulatory mechanisms control gene expression of amino acid biosynthetic pathways in yeast. All three mechanisms are involved in the control of arginine metabolism. PMID- 3153191 TI - Regulation of citric acid cycle genes in facultative bacteria. AB - In a facultative anaerobe such as Escherichia coli the citric acid cycle is an inducible pathway rather than a constitutive pathway. In spite of intensive study at the enzymological and molecular biological levels many aspects of the cycle, including its regulation during the aerobic/anaerobic switch, are not fully understood. PMID- 3153192 TI - Replication and maintenance of promiscuous plasmids of gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 3153193 TI - [Treatment of essential vesico-ureteral reflux in children: computer-assisted decision]. PMID- 3153195 TI - [Surgical alternatives in surgery of liver tumors]. PMID- 3153194 TI - [Optical and ultrastructural splenic regeneration after rupture of the spleen and ligation of the splenic artery. An experimental study]. PMID- 3153196 TI - [Thyroid nodule and carcinoma in children]. PMID- 3153198 TI - [Open renal biopsy in childhood]. PMID- 3153197 TI - [Acquired cystic disease]. PMID- 3153199 TI - [Pneumonectomy in childhood]. PMID- 3153200 TI - [Free graft of bladder mucosa in reoperation for complex hypospadias]. PMID- 3153201 TI - [Biliopancreatic common duct: diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities]. PMID- 3153202 TI - [Generalized juvenile polyposis]. PMID- 3153203 TI - [Partial splenic embolization in childhood]. PMID- 3153204 TI - [Surgical treatment of ductus arteriosus in premature infants]. PMID- 3153205 TI - [Use of totally implantable venous reservoirs. Description of a new surgical approach and initial results]. PMID- 3153206 TI - [Bilirubin and bile acids: 2 prognostic factors in biliary atresia]. PMID- 3153207 TI - [Trans-sigmoidal urinary diversion and its reversal: experimental study]. PMID- 3153208 TI - [Microsurgical treatment of varicocele in childhood]. PMID- 3153209 TI - [Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3153210 TI - [Aortopexy as a treatment for severe tracheomalacia]. PMID- 3153211 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas in childhood (papillary and solid adenocarcinoma)]. PMID- 3153213 TI - Randomized multicentric Italian study on two treatment regimens for marrow relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - This paper reports the results of a multicentric randomized clinical trial on the treatment of first hematological relapse in childhood ALL. Induction treatment consisted of vincristine, adriamycin, L-asparaginase, and prednisone. Patients achieving complete remission were randomized to two maintenance regimens (A and B). Regimen A consisted of five different drug associations including VM26 and IDMTX in a sequential schedule; Regimen B was essentially classical Spiers schedule for the first year, followed by a milder treatment. Eighty-four of 102 evaluable patients (82%) achieved second complete remission. The two maintenance regimens were similar as regards duration of second complete remission (median duration A, 32 weeks; B, 37 weeks) and toxicity. Better results were obtained in patients relapsing after 12 months from suspension of treatment in first complete remission than in those relapsing within the first year off therapy (82.8% vs. 31.4%). In group A fewer CNS relapses were reported. The two regimens produced results similar to those reported by other authors. The good prognosis in patients relapsing at least 1 year after treatment suspension in first complete remission must be emphasized. PMID- 3153212 TI - [Renal abscess in sponge kidney: an uncommon association]. PMID- 3153214 TI - High-dose methotrexate and continuous infusion Ara-C in children's non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: phase II studies and their use in further protocols. AB - Twenty-three children with refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) received high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX), and 9 received Ara-C by continuous intravenous infusion, as phase II studies. They all had previously received a protocol including vincristine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, IV push Ara-C, asparaginase, intrathecal MTX, and cranial irradiation, and had failed to respond or had relapsed. HD-MTX was given at the dose of 6 g/m2 or more with leucovorin rescue, Ara-C at the dose of 100 mg/m2/day by continuous infusion over 10 days. Among the 22 evaluable patients receiving HD-MTX, 10 responses (7 CR; 3 PR) were observed. Among the 9 patients receiving Ara-C, 4 responded (1 CR; 3 PR). Toxicity in those previously heavily treated patients was acceptable. These two drugs are now successfully included in childhood NHL treatment protocols. PMID- 3153215 TI - Correction of hemostatic imbalances induced by L-asparaginase therapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Thirteen children with ALL and L-asp-induced alterations of the coagulation system were treated with fresh-frozen plasma and antithrombin III (AT III) concentrate. Fresh-frozen plasma was given three times daily to maintain fibrinogen levels greater than 100 mg/dl. AT III concentrate was administered in a continuous infusion over 24 h as long as replacement with fresh-frozen plasma was given. When fibrinogen was greater than 100 mg/dl and AT III less than 80% of normal, only AT III concentrate was administered in a continuous infusion. In all patients treated with the replacement regimen described, fibrinogen levels were maintained greater than 100 mg/dl and AT III levels greater than 80%. No bleeding or thrombosis and no signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation were observed. Our study shows that correction of the alterations of the coagulation system induced by asparaginase can be achieved with a replacement regimen substituting both procoagulant material and the most important inhibitor of the coagulation system. PMID- 3153216 TI - Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of mercaptopurine after oral administration in children. AB - Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eleven children (9 with acute lymphatic leukemia) were studied after oral intake of 6-MP doses ranging between 31 and 128 mg/m2 body surface area. The concentrations of 6-MP in plasma were found to vary considerably between patients even after dose normalization to 75 mg/m2. After dose normalization the mean peak plasma concentration was 0.68 microM (range 0.12 1.38) and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) was 1.37 microM.h (range 0.12-3.04). The mean time taken to reach the peak concentration was 1.3 h (range 1-2), and the half-life of elimination was 1.8 h (range 0.6 2.5). No patient had detectable 6-MP concentrations 12 h after dose intake. The concentrations of 6-MP tended to be higher in erythrocytes than in plasma. The mean peak concentration in erythrocytes was 131% and the AUC 145% of that found in plasma. The mean half-life of elimination from erythrocytes was 2.0 h (range 0.7-2.8). These data indicate that 6-MP can pass through all membranes rapidly to reach intracellular concentrations equal to or even higher than in plasma. In summary, marked interindividual differences in pharmacokinetics were found, probably due to highly variable bioavailability of oral 6-MP. Further studies are needed to determine whether measurements of plasma concentrations of 6-MP can be used to optimize maintenance treatment of childhood leukemia. PMID- 3153217 TI - The role of meta-iodo [131I]benzylguanidine (MIBG) in the diagnosis and follow-up of neuroblastoma. AB - Fourteen scans employing the adrenergic blocking agent [131I]MIBG were performed on 10 children with neuroblastoma (NB) or ganglioneuroblastoma (GNB). The scans were negative in 5 cases, and 1 further case produced doubtful results in both the MIBG and CT scan tests. In 4 cases, very positive results were obtained with clear vision of the primary tumor and its metastases. In 1 case, which demonstrated partial differentiation of the outer part of the tumor mass toward GNB, a differentiated tumor specimen did not reveal significant uptake of the tracer. Half-lives of the tracer as measured by external detection in the period 24-48 h after injection were reduced after successful therapy. MIBG scanning appears to be a feasible indicator of NB adrenergic activity, and it can assume a primary role in the staging and follow-up of NB. Higher tumor uptake of the [131 I]MIBG and low background offer new perspectives in the radiometabolic treatment of MIBG. PMID- 3153218 TI - Acute encephalopathy during induction therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Twenty-one children who suffered an acute encephalopathic illness during induction chemotherapy for ALL are described. Convulsions and coma were a major feature of this illness. In the absence of other predisposing factors we feel that the encephalopathy was secondary to drug toxicity. Two children died, and 4 of the surviving children have also died. Modifications of antileukemic therapy because of encephalopathic illness may have had a part to play in the outcome for some of these children. The surviving children appear to be neurologically and developmentally normal. PMID- 3153219 TI - Neuroblastoma--an overview of laboratory studies aimed at inducing tumor regression by initiation of differentiation or administration of antitumor drugs. AB - Experimental laboratory investigations aimed at inducing tumor regression are reviewed critically. Possible interference with tumor growth by induction of differentiation has stimulated studies employing cell lines in vitro and in vivo of murine and, more recently human origin. The diverse range of agents proving effective inducers has facilitated studies of morphological and biochemical differentiation. However, the precise molecular events involved are still unclear, and any therapeutic potential for differentiation-induction therapy remains uncertain. Drug sensitivity testing for agents specifically effective against neuroblastoma centered initially on the murine C1300 tumor. More recently human neuroblastomas, grown in tissue culture or as xenografts, have been employed, and preliminary reports are available of direct cloning of neuroblastomas from clinical specimens. These preclinical chemotherapy studies are reviewed, and prospects for laboratory investigations of potential clinical relevance are highlighted. PMID- 3153221 TI - Prognosis after relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. AB - This is a survey of all the 265 relapses occurring in 515 children with ALL diagnosed in Sweden in the years 1973-1980. Two hundred and nineteen relapses occurred on therapy, and 46 after discontinuation of therapy. Bone marrow was involved in the relapse in 71% and 67% of the two groups, respectively. Only 38/265 (14%) children with relapse were still alive at follow-up in January 1985. Of these, 16/219 (7%) had relapsed during therapy (median survival time after relapse 9 months) compared to 22/46 children (48%) with a relapse after cessation of therapy (median 43 months). The prognosis was better if relapse occurred after cessation of therapy and in children with isolated testicular relapse. Thirteen children were bone marrow transplanted, and 6 of these were alive at follow-up. It is concluded that children with ALL relapse have very bad prognosis with cytostatic regimens used today, especially if the bone marrow is involved. PMID- 3153220 TI - Redefined role of radiation in combined treatment of Ewing's sarcoma. AB - Eighty-six patients with Ewing's sarcoma were analyzed as to the role of radiation therapy. Fifty-eight patients (P group) had removal of the involved part of the bone after preoperative chemotherapy, and 28 (NP group) had local treatment either at the same time or before chemotherapy. Thirty-six of 58 P group patients (61%) and 13 of the 28 NP-group patients (48%) are alive. Five of 48 patients in P-group, who had postoperative radiation, had local recurrence, as did 6 of 11 without postoperative radiation, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001). PMID- 3153222 TI - Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate and 7-hydroxy-methotrexate after high-dose (33.6 g/m2) methotrexate therapy. AB - We have measured MTX and 7-OH-MTX in plasma and urine samples from a 9-year-old boy treated with six consecutive 24-h IV high-dose MTX courses (33.6 g/m2) after a relapse of ALL. The between-course pharmacokinetics of MTX and 7-OH-MTX were found to be highly reproducible. Both MTX and 7-OH-MTX elimination followed a biphasic curve, initial half-lives (t1/2(alpha] being 2.86 +/- 0.44 h and 5.14 +/ 0.46 h (mean +/- SD) and second-phase biological half-lives (t1/2(beta] being approximately 18 and 16 h, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution for MTX was 0.8 L/kg, whereas the corresponding value for 7-OH-MTX was threefold less. Since clearance of MTX was within the range reported for lower doses, the data suggest that MTX pharmacokinetics are not dose-dependent up to 33.6 g/m2. PMID- 3153225 TI - Fungal pneumonias masquerading as thromboses during induction therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Fatal fungal pneumonias developed in two children with ALL during remission induction. Pulmonary and central nervous system signs suggested the L asparaginase-induced multiple-thromboses syndrome in both children. Fungal infection should be considered-whenever pneumonia develops in a neutropenic child already receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics or when multiple thromboses occur. PMID- 3153224 TI - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children. AB - The results of treatment are reviewed in 18 cases of childhood nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Since 1976 adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and adriamycin has been used in Manchester and Leeds. The outcome is compared in 9 patients treated with radiotherapy alone and 9 patients treated later with both radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Relapse-free survival rates were 0% for those treated with radiotherapy alone and 78% at 13-80 months after diagnosis for those treated with both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It is concluded that adjuvant chemotherapy improves relapse-free survival in childhood nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID- 3153226 TI - 6-Mercaptopurine: total body autoradiograms and plasma concentration-time curves of 6MP and metabolites from marmoset monkeys. AB - To study the body distribution of 6-mercaptopurine (6MP), [8-14C]6MP was given by infusion to 2 marmoset monkeys at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg body weight/h for 1 and 4 h, respectively. Both experimental animals were sacrificed 2 h after the end of the drug infusion and instantly frozen at -70 degrees C. Whole-body sagittal sections were made later. Blood samples were obtained regularly during the experiments to quantitate 6MP, 6MP riboside (6MPR), 6-thioxanthine, and 6 thiouric acid in plasma. The autoradiograms revealed extensive distribution of the 14C label. High levels of radioactivity were seen in liver, bile, and intestinal contents. Labeling of the central nervous system and bone marrow was obvious. The plasma concentration-time curves of 6MP and 6MPR attained steady state concentrations of 30-40 microM and 6-12 microM, respectively. After stopping the infusion of the drug, the concentrations of 6MP and 6MPR became equal. 6MPR contributes to the biological effect of 6MP, as degradation of 6MPR results in 6MP. In studies on the pharmacokinetics and dynamics one should try to include all relevant metabolites of 6MP, both in plasma and in the cells. PMID- 3153223 TI - Hemophagocytic syndrome with restricted organ involvement: excessive hemosiderosis and fibrosis of the spleen. AB - We report the case history of a 6 1/2-month-old girl with a hemophagocytic syndrome, pancytopenia, and excessive hepatosplenomegaly. Some extraordinary histological features present in this case--restricted organ involvement, excessive hemosiderosis, and fibrosis of the spleen--further contributed to the well-known problem of distinguishing between infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome and familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. PMID- 3153227 TI - Olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma) in a 2-year-old boy. AB - A 2-year-old boy presented with sudden blindness and epistaxis resulting from olfactory neuroblastoma with intracranial extension. This disease is uncommon in children, with only 27 cases reported in patients less than 17 years of age. This article reviews the clinical and histological features of this tumor and discusses treatment. Therapy has generally consisted of surgery and radiation. Our child and 2 others treated with radiation and combination chemotherapy (including cyclophosphamide and anthracyclines) have done well with follow-ups of up to 9 1/2 years. Chemotherapy is an important form of adjuvant therapy in this disease. PMID- 3153228 TI - Neonatal anti-Kell isoimmune hemolytic disease with spherocytes. AB - Two infants with hemolytic disease of the newborn due to Kell incompatibility are described. The peripheral blood smears revealed many spherocytes. This important hematologic sign in a neonate suggests not only ABO incompatibility, hereditary spherocytosis, or G6PD deficiency, but also the possibility of Kell incompatibility. PMID- 3153229 TI - Agenesis of the corpus callosum and neural crest tumors. PMID- 3153230 TI - Orbital apex syndrome due to sickle cell anemia. PMID- 3153231 TI - Combined deficiency of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X: a case of probable congenital origin. AB - Combined deficiency of coagulant activity of the vitamin K-dependent factors was found in a 14-year-old boy suffering from severe hemorrhages. Immunoassays revealed the presence of acarboxyprothrombin. The bleedings could be controlled, but the coagulation defects persisted during more than 2 years' follow-up and could not be corrected by oral or parenteral vitamin K. No intoxication or underlying disease was found. The abnormality was considered a congenital disorder of the carboxylation of prothrombin. PMID- 3153232 TI - Meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy in neuroblastoma--a comparison with conventional X-ray and ultrasound. AB - To evaluate the accuracy of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging in comparison with bone X-ray and ultrasound, 15 patients with histologically verified neuroblastoma were investigated using 123- or 131MIBG scintigraphy. 123MIBG and 131MIBG are used as the abbreviations for 123-iodine-labeled-MIBG and 131-iodine labeled-MIBG, respectively. Either 7.4 MBq 131MIBG (n = 4) or 111-185 MBq 123MIBG (n = 11) was applied, and scans were performed 24 and 48 h PI. Anatomical orientation was provided in selected cases by single-photon emission CT or scintigraphy of other organs. X-ray procedures or ultrasound depicted 27 neuroblastoma manifestations (primary tumors and metastatic deposits); 24 of these (89%) were identified by MIBG scintigraphy. Of 42 primary neuroblastomas and metastatic deposits, 27 (64%) were detected by corresponding bone X-ray or ultrasound. The 15 neuroblastoma lesions depicted solely by MIBG scans were mainly (80%) situated in the skeletal system. Because of the pronounced physiological MIBG uptake by liver tissue, detection of intrahepatic or perihepatic tumor involvement is difficult. MIBG scintigraphy is a safe and noninvasive means of locating a wide range of neuroblastoma lesions. Its main diagnostic advantage in comparison with bone X-ray lies in the detection of bone marrow infiltration. PMID- 3153233 TI - Childhood Cancer Registry of the Province of Torino: survival patterns since 1967 and update of incidence rates. AB - During 1967-1981, the population-based Childhood (ages 0-14 years) Cancer Registry of the Province of Torino has recorded 1057 resident children with incident cancer. The life status of each child has been ascertained as of December 31, 1983. Sex- and age-specific incidence rates have been stable throughout the period. Annual mortality rates (per million) from leukemias (all types) decreased from 34.0 in 1967-69 to 19.4 in 1979-81. Correspondingly, the survival percentage cumulative of leukemic children at 3 years after diagnosis increased from 16 for children diagnosed in 1967-69 to 57 for those diagnosed in 1979-81. For other cancer types, no increases or debatable decreases in mortality rates and increases in survival rates were recognized. PMID- 3153235 TI - Childhood cancer in siblings. AB - The medical records of 973 previously untreated patients diagnosed between January 1960 and December 31, 1978 with childhood cancer were reviewed. Siblings in 13 families were diagnosed with cancer 9/12 to 15 years after the diagnosis of cancer in the index sibling. Previously unreported association of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with Hodgkin's disease, neuroblastoma with malignant hemangiopericytoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with malignant melanoma, Wilms' tumor with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease with malignant teratoma of the testis and craniopharyngioma with acute myeloblastic leukemia were identified. Two families appeared to transmit a predisposition to childhood tumors. The data from these families extend previous observations regarding multiple cases of cancer in sibships. PMID- 3153234 TI - Childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and "leukemia-lymphoma syndrome": long-term results with the modified LSA2-L2 protocol. AB - From June 1976 to December 1984, 48 previously untreated children with non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were treated according to the LSA2-L2 protocol, modified by inclusion of cranial irradiation for patients in stage III and stage IV disease. According to the staging system proposed by Wollner, 4 patients were in stage I, 8 in stage II, 11 in stage III, 8 in stage IVA (less than or equal to 25% blasts in the bone marrow), 15 in stage IVB (greater than 25% blasts in the bone marrow), and 2 in stage IV central nervous system disease. The complete remission rate was 95.8%. The relapse-free survival (RFS) rate of 46 complete responders was 76% after a median observation time of 47+ months. Only 1 of 35 high-risk responder patients developed CNS relapse after prophylactic treatment. Clinical stages were related to the RFS: 100% in stage I-II vs. 69% in stage III IV. All 8 patients in stage IV were alive without evidence of disease with a median observation time of 59+ months. Fifteen patients in stage IVB who had leukemia-lymphoma syndrome attained 59% RFS with a median observation time of 39+ months. After a median observation time of 38+ months, 29 of 37 patients are off therapy. The results emphasize the value of both the histologic and immunologic features and the stage of disease in predicting the outcome of NHL in children. The LSA2-L2 regimen appears to be a very effective protocol for children with lymphoblastic lymphoma, although it may be less efficacious for patients with large bone marrow involvement. PMID- 3153236 TI - Folic acid supplements in vitamin tablets: a determinant of hematological drug tolerance in maintenance therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Methotrexate (MTX) is an antifolate that inhibits cell division by reducing intracellular amounts of reduced tetrahydrofolates. Of 53 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in maintenance treatment with MTX and 6 mercaptopurine (6-MP), 25 had received daily folic acid supplements in vitamin tablets containing 75-200 micrograms folic acid for at least the preceding 3 month period. Experimental data have shown that increased folate concentrations intracellularly inhibit MTX metabolism and toxicity. Therefore we found it relevant to investigate the extent to which folic acid supplements affect hematological tolerance to MTX and 6-MP in children during maintenance therapy for ALL. The erythrocyte folate (ery-folate) concentration was significantly higher in children who received extra folic acid than in those who did not (p less than 0.001). The ery-folate in MTX-treated children was only marginally reduced compared with the controls. The erythrocyte methotrexate (ery-MTX) concentration correlated with the weekly dose of MTX but not with any of the investigated hematological parameters. Children who received vitamin tablets containing folic acid had higher thrombocyte counts (p = 0.0056), higher leukocyte counts (p = 0.06), higher neutrophil counts (p = 0.05), and lower erythrocyte mean cell volumes (p = 0.05) than children who received no folic acid. We conclude that folic acid supplements of 75-200 micrograms/day affect the proliferative capacity of the bone marrow. Since none of the children was folate deficient as judged by the ery-folate, we recommend that vitamins given to children in maintenance treatment with MTX and 6-MP for ALL should not contain folic acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3153237 TI - Topography of childhood tumors: pediatric coding system. AB - The importance of a uniform coding system for cancer research, tumor registry, and exchange of information is recognized. However, tumors arising in children differ from those in adults, resulting in lack of precision when one coding system is used for both. Because the topographic code of the International Classification of Disease for Oncology for adult tumors does not lend itself well to pediatric tumors, the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) developed a four-digit topographic coding system particularly adapted to childhood tumors. The four digits correspond to anatomic site, general and specific localization, and tissue of origin. An SIOP pilot study demonstrated the usefulness of this code. PMID- 3153238 TI - Severe Mycoplasma pneumonia in three sisters with sickle cell disease. AB - Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which usually causes mild infections in normal children, has been shown to cause isolated cases of severe pneumonia in children with sickle cell disease. We recently observed an outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumonia in three sisters with homozygous sickle cell disease. Two of them required hospitalization, and one progressed to respiratory failure requiring prolonged ventilatory assistance. All eventually recovered without long-term pulmonary complications. Familial outbreaks are not uncommon in Mycoplasma infection, but they have not been described previously in siblings with sickle cell disease. It is assumed that local or systemic host defense abnormalities predispose patients with sickling syndromes to more severe courses of Mycoplasma infections. PMID- 3153239 TI - Short-time and low-dose intravenous acyclovir therapy in varicella zoster infections with malignant disease in children receiving combined chemotherapy. AB - The effects of low-dose and short-time acyclovir therapy in 14 children with malignant disease of ages 4-18 years who had developed varicella zoster virus infections while receiving aggressive chemo-/+radiotherapy are reported. Ten of them had chickenpox and 4 herpes zoster. Acyclovir 5 mg/kg was infused IV every 12 h in 9 patients and every 8 h in 5 patients for a median of 4 days' duration. We resumed the primary therapy when the patients' lesions had dried out and became crusted and new lesions had not reappeared. The period of initiation of the acyclovir therapy to the resumption of oncological treatment was 8.4 +/- 2.7 days for chickenpox and 12.0 +/- 3.4 days for herpes zoster patients. After restarting the oncological therapy, no adverse effects of acyclovir or complication of infection were observed. The efficiency of early, short-term, and relatively low dose acyclovir therapy is discussed and compared to the results in the relevant literature. PMID- 3153240 TI - Pheochromocytoma diagnosed in an enuretic boy after imipramine-induced hypertension. AB - A pheochromocytoma was diagnosed in a 14-year-old boy developing hypertension after treatment with imipramine for primary nocturnal enuresis. The mechanism of action is assumed to be an inhibition of the neuronal uptake of catecholamines being released in large quantities from the tumor. The diagnosis of pheochromocytoma should be considered in patients developing hypertension during treatment with cyclic antidepressants. PMID- 3153241 TI - L-phenylalanine mustard-dianhydrogalactitol and hyponatremia. AB - The incidence of hyponatremia in 34 patients following administration of high dose L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) and dianhydrogalactitol (DAG) was determined. Two consecutive daily levels of 133 mEq/l or less were observed in 12 patients. These episodes coincided with the advent of diarrhea about 10-12 days after drug administration. The hyponatremia was not due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. PMID- 3153242 TI - Acute leukemia with extramedullary presentation and mixed myeloid and lymphoid expression. PMID- 3153243 TI - Five coping styles in families of children with cancer: a retrospective study in thirty families. AB - This retrospective study concerned the coping behavior of 30 children with cancer and their families. Fifteen families with children who were considered "cured" and 15 families with children who had died of their disease were questioned in partly structured interviews. In accordance with the coping model of Lazarus, the following five different styles of coping by the family were identified: experiencing the disease as challenge, as probation, as misfortune, as fate, and as punishment. The evaluation of patient's, parents', and siblings' attitudes toward the disease and the treatment allows early predictions of their coping behavior. The criteria of the classification of coping styles are described and the implications of their prognostic value for medical compliance are discussed. PMID- 3153245 TI - Influence of food intake on bioavailability of oral 6-mercaptopurine in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Plasma levels of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) were measured after oral administration in 17 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In the fasting state or after a breakfast consisting of 250 ml milk and 50 g biscuits, 6-MP was administered at a dose of 75 mg/m2. In patients studied in a fasting state, the mean time to plasma peak (tmax) level was 1.2 h, whereas in patient studied after breakfast the mean tmax was 2.3 h. This difference is statistically significant (p less than 0.001). Moreover, the 6-MP peak plasma concentration (cmax) and the areas under the plasma concentration time curves (AUC) were significantly reduced when the drug was administered after breakfast. The mean Cmax +/- SD were 0.98 +/ 0.54 microM and 0.63 +/- 0.48 microM, respectively (p less than 0.05). The mean 6-MP AUC +/- SD in patients studied in a fasting state and after breakfast were 143 +/- 69 microM min and 105 +/- 68 microM, respectively (p less than 0.01). These results indicated that 6-MP should be taken in a fasting state to optimize drug absorption in children undergoing chemotherapy for ALL. PMID- 3153246 TI - Effects of methotrexate on rabbit testes. Part 1: Morphological changes. AB - Methotrexate (MTX) has the potential of eradicating small infiltrations of leukemic cells in the gonads. We examined the morphological changes in rabbit testes after a single dose (57.5 mg/kgBW) or repeated low doses (6 mg/kgBW once a week for 14 weeks) of MTX IV. Fertility rate and spermatogenic activity were evaluated using the tubular fertility index (TFI). Testicular MTX concentrations (measured by RIA) were in the same range in both groups. Only after repeated MTX application were reduction of TFI and signs of germinal cell line degeneration found. When given repetitively, MTX therapy may modify the fertility and tubular morphology. Long-term follow-up will show how these changes affect future fertility. PMID- 3153244 TI - Acute circulatory effects of doxorubicin in the conscious dog. AB - Experimental work on the mechanisms of acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity may contribute to a better understanding of the clinical problem of cardiac failure after treatment with anthracycline derivatives. We studied aortic pressure and heart rate continuously for 1 h following a bolus injection of doxorubicin (1 mg/kg) in 7 dogs. In contrast with previous studies in intact animals, no anesthesia was used in order to eliminate possible interactions of doxorubicin with other drugs. One minute after doxorubicin injection a severe hypotension was observed, the average nadir in systolic and diastolic pressure being 62% and 42% of initial values. Surprisingly, the decrease in arterial blood pressure was not accompanied by cardiac acceleration. Doxorubicin, apparently interferes with the normal regulation of heart rate through the baroreceptor control system. Although several theories have been put forward regarding the mechanisms governing acute anthracycline cardiotoxicity, our knowledge of the phenomenon is still incomplete. PMID- 3153247 TI - Continuous ECG monitoring of children with cancer receiving domperidone. AB - Domperidone is an effective antiemetic for children receiving cytotoxic therapy. There have been reports of cardiac arrest in older patients associated with domperidone. We carried out continuous ECG monitoring of 18 children receiving domperidone intravenously in a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight. No serious dysrhythmias were noted during 379 h of recording. Single premature beats, transient sinus pauses, and nodal block were occasionally associated with vomiting and were no more common than would be expected in a population of normal children. PMID- 3153248 TI - Primary malignant cardiac tumors in children. AB - A child with a primary malignant cardiac tumor prompted a review of all 13 cases reported in Great Britain from 1962-1983. Only 4 definitely malignant tumors were identified, giving an incidence of between 1 in 38 and 1 in 90 x 10(6). All 4 patients died without evidence of metastases. Cardiac transplantation should be considered. PMID- 3153249 TI - Oxidative metabolism of circulating neutrophils in infantile (Philadelphia chromosome-negative) chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - Mature polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMNL) from a 2.5-year-old female with infantile chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) were stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or opsonized zymosan. The resulting enzymatic NADPH oxidation and the cellular O2- release and luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence were measured. The patient's PMNL responded normally in all respects. Thus, mature infantile CML PMNL undergo a normal respiratory burst following either soluble or particulate stimulation. Our review of the literature emphasizes the importance of studying a well-defined population of PMNL in patients with myelodysplasia. PMID- 3153250 TI - Does N-myc amplification correlate with other prognostic factors in advanced neuroblastoma? Preliminary results. PMID- 3153251 TI - Long-term results in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma: a retrospective study in Italy. AB - This paper reviews a series of 70 consecutive children with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) diagnosed during 1971-1978 and treated in five Italian institutions. Thirteen were classified as group I, 12 as group II, 37 as group III, and 8 as group IV according to the Intergroup RMS Study staging system. Survival was influenced by tumor extension at diagnosis, primary site, and response to therapy. The 5-year-survival rate was 92% for group I patients, 67% for group II, 44% for group III, and 0% for group IV. Thirty-four children had all therapy stopped after 12-32 months of complete remission, 7 had late recurrences, and 3 died from disease. Musculoskeletal sequelae were diagnosed in 11 children, short stature in 3, corneal opacity in 2, and cardiac failure in 1. PMID- 3153252 TI - Single-voided urinary dopamine and neuroblastoma. PMID- 3153253 TI - Immunology. PMID- 3153254 TI - Hypertension following renal transplantation in children. AB - The files of 334 consecutive cadaver kidney (CK) and of 27 living related (LR) transplantations (T) in children and adolescents performed from 1973 to 1984 have been reviewed. Following cadaver transplantation, 52 patients (15%) never had hypertension (HT), 41 patients (12%) had only initial HT up to 6 months after transplantation and 18 other patients (5%) exhibited transient HT episodes while on high-dose steroid therapy. Finally, 209 patients (62%) had HT for periods longer than 6 months and 16 patients (5%) until death or graft failure within the first 3 months. Chronic graft rejection was the major cause of HT, but other factors either isolated or in association were also present. Renal artery stenosis (RAS) was diagnosed in 43 cases (13%) 2-17 months post-transplantation; 10 of these were operated upon (5 successfully) and 9 underwent transluminal angioplasty with a single success. Nine cases of RAS resolved spontaneously. HT was attributed to the host kidney in 10 cases (3%) and to recurrence of primary renal disease in 9 (3%). HT observed after CKT was sometimes severe and difficult to control. Acute complications from HT were recorded in 35 cases, with 6 deaths and 2 severe neurological sequelae. Among 25 LRT, 11 cases (40%) had no HT 13 (48%) had HT for longer than 6 months. In this group, no case of RAS was observed and only one complication (without sequelae) was noted. In conclusion, HT is a frequent and sometimes severe complication post-transplantation in children and adolescents. PMID- 3153255 TI - Renal artery stenosis in pediatric transplant recipients. AB - From 1967 through 1985, 400 cadaveric transplants were performed at Children Hospital of Los Angeles. Of these 400, 31 were later identified as having renal artery stenosis. No live related graft developed RAS. Of the 31 grafts, 11 were from donors less than 2 years of age. The major feature suggesting stenosis was hypertension; either persistent or a sudden exacerbation often associated with hypertensive encephalopathy. In individuals with hypertension without obvious cause, renal angiography should be promptly conducted under controlled conditions to avoid complications. The stenotic lesion involved 13 end-to-end and 19 end-to side arterial anastomoses. Surgery for revascularization of RAS was performed in 21 of 31 with success or improvement in 14, no change in 2, and graft loss in 5. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed in 4. Two were unsuccessful, 1 was successful and 1 graft was lost. The 7 remaining patients were treated medically. PMID- 3153257 TI - Hypertension in babies following discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit. A 3-year follow-up. AB - Seventeen babies who developed hypertension (systolic BP greater than 113 mm Hg) after discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit were followed for a period ranging from 6 to 42 months. Five of the babies had an apparent cause for hypertension--one each had coarctation of the aorta, neuroblastoma, renal artery thrombosis, and two ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Umbilical artery catheters had been used in two additional babies. Ten of the babies had no obvious etiology for their hypertension. No prenatal, obstetrical or postnatal factor could be determined that predisposed these babies to hypertension. Sixteen of the babies were treated, 4 by surgical techniques and 12 by drugs--propranolol with or without chlorothiazide. All children treated medically were able to discontinue antihypertensives by 24 months of age. We conclude that follow-up of all babies discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit should include careful monitoring of blood pressure; that such infants may develop hypertension of unknown cause and that hypertension in this patient population is responsive to medication. Additional study is required to determine if babies discharged from neonatal intensive care units are at high risk for developing hypertension and to determine the natural history, prognosis and optimum treatment for the babies. PMID- 3153256 TI - Increased glucose increases glomerular basement membrane in metanephric culture. AB - A model of in vitro renal development has been used to examine the effect of glucose on the glomerular basement membrane. Glomerular differentiation in this system progresses to an arborizing tuft of podocytes overlying well-formed basal lamina. The proportional amount of lamina densa and dense fibrillary matrix was increased in blastemas grown in an increased amount of glucose during the last 4 of 7 days in culture. These observations indicate that glucose itself can stimulate an accumulation of basement membrane, an excess of which is characteristic of diabetic microangiopathy. PMID- 3153259 TI - Multicentric osteolysis: report of the second successful renal transplant. AB - A patient with end stage renal disease due to sporadic idiopathic multicentric osteolysis (type 3 multicentric osteolysis) is described. His pre-transplant course was similar to those of previously described patients, while his post transplant course has been uncomplicated. The pathology and pathogenesis of the nephropathy of sporadic idiopathic multicentric osteolysis is not well characterized. The short term outcome of renal transplantation is excellent in our patient and in the other similar case known to have been transplanted. PMID- 3153258 TI - Long-term follow-up of neonatal renovascular hypertension. AB - Twelve neonates with hypertension have been followed for a mean of 5.75 years. At onset of hypertension, mean peak blood pressure was 159/99 mm Hg. Ten infants had umbilical artery catheters, 9 placed above the origin of the renal arteries. Radionuclide renal scan and/or angiography demonstrated renovascular disease, primarily renal artery thrombosis, in 11 infants. One-third of infants were asymptomatic, one-third had normal urinalyses and two-thirds had elevated peripheral plasma renin activities. Blood pressure normalized with medical therapy in all infants and remained normal when therapy was discontinued. Ten infants have normal creatinine clearances on follow-up but 5/11 have unilateral renal atrophy. Radionuclide scans have remained abnormal, even in infants without renal atrophy. In summary, neonatal renovascular hypertension is frequently secondary to renal artery thrombosis, associated with umbilical artery catheterization. Blood pressure usually normalizes with conservative medical management and remains normal off medications. Persistent abnormalities in renal size and function are common. PMID- 3153260 TI - Phaeochromocytoma: report of three cases. AB - The diagnosis and investigation of phaeochromocytoma was reviewed in three patients presenting to the paediatric renal centre with malignant hypertension. The initial diagnosis was made using urinary 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (VMA) and plasma adrenaline and non-adrenaline estimations. Our experience of the localization of phaeochromocytoma with ultrasound, 131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and venous sampling was discussed and we have reappraised our approach to the localization of these tumours. PMID- 3153261 TI - Hypertension in children and adolescents--1986. AB - Current issues in paediatric hypertension are reviewed in the light of an international symposium held in Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany, in October 1985. Primary (essential) hypertension has emerged as an important domain of epidemiologists, involving genetics, pathophysiology and clinical paediatrics. Understanding of secondary hypertension has increased, largely as a consequence of improved survival of children with progressive kidney disease. Methodological procedures, normal standards and determinants of blood pressure and the definition and incidence of hypertension are discussed, as well as new developments in antihypertensive treatment, such as the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium blocking agents. Finally, some proposals for future research topics in the field of childhood hypertension are given. The Appendix contains recommendations for the measurement of blood pressure and for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in children and adolescents. PMID- 3153262 TI - Investigation and management of hypertension in children. A personal perspective. AB - The prevalence of hypertension in children is of the order of 1%-3%. Of these children, 10% will have severe hypertension and in the majority the increased blood pressure will be secondary to renal disease. Nephrologically orientated investigation is therefore important. The most helpful investigations are: peripheral plasma-renin activity, 99mTc dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan, main and segmental renal vein renin measurements and renal angiography plus 123I metaiodobenzyl guanidine (MIBG) scan in suspected phaeochromocytoma. Drug treatment of accelerated hypertension is most successfully undertaken by intravenous labetalol or sodium nitroprusside; sustained moderate-to-severe hypertension by a beta-blocker plus a vasodilator or an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor with or without a diuretic; mild hypertension by diet, diuretic and if necessary by more powerful hypotensives. Surgical treatment by revascularization or nephrectomy and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty can be successful. Utilizing the current range of investigational and therapeutic tools the aetiology and appropriate management of hypertension can be effectively and safely undertaken in the majority of hypertensive children. PMID- 3153263 TI - Heredity and blood pressure in humans: an overview. AB - This paper presents a review of the genetic transmission of normal blood pressure and of essential hypertension. Familial aggregation of normal blood pressure has been reported in adults, in children and even in newborns. Blood pressure aggregation phenomenon, however, is the result of both a genetic component and shared environmental factors. More specific for each etiological factor were the studies of blood pressure aggregation in twins and in adopted children. Attention was focused on the Montreal Adoption Study. In essential hypertension, a Japanese study is reviewed showing the occurrence of hypertension in the offspring of hypertensive parents. The heterogeneity of essential hypertension is underlined and two of the multiple etiological factors are particularly considered for their genetic component: the response to salt intake and erythrocyte cation fluxes. The conclusion from the literature reviewed is that essential hypertension is a polygenic disease transmitted by polygenic systems. PMID- 3153264 TI - Imaging techniques in the evaluation of pediatric hypertension. AB - Moderate or severe hypertension occurs in a small percentage of hypertensive children, but it is within this group that the surgically correctable causes of hypertension are found. Since cure rates up to 90% have been reported, it is important to diagnose a secondary cause of hypertension. Excretory urography is recommended to screen for renovascular hypertension and renal parenchymal disease. Renal scintigraphy can be substituted for the urogram, but the anatomical resolution is poorer. If renovascular hypertension is suggested by abnormal results of screening examination, arteriography should be part of the evaluation. Ultrasonography is reserved primarily for evaluating neonatal hypertension which most frequently is related to thrombosis. If this diagnosis is documented, renal function should be assessed with radionuclide techniques. If a hormonally active tumor is suspected, evaluation of the adrenals and retroperitoneum is accomplished best by CT. PMID- 3153265 TI - Studies on renal adaptation to altered dietary amino acid intake: reduced renal cortex taurine content increases the Vmax of taurine uptake by brush border membrane vesicles. AB - Rats were placed on a normal taurine diet (NTD), low taurine diet (LTD) or a high taurine diet (HTD) for 14 days. beta-Alanine was fed to half of the animals in each group and resulted in a lowered renal cortex taurine content. Brush border membrane vesicle (BBMV) uptake of taurine was higher after beta-alanine feeding and was associated with an increase in Vmax of uptake. beta-Alanine feeding to HTD animals also altered the Km of uptake, possibly since the load of sulfur amino acids (6% of diet) was high. As a control, glycine (3%) feeding for 8 days along with each diet did not alter the plasma or renal cortex content; BBMV uptake as well as Km and Vmax of taurine accumulation were minimally altered. Accordingly, ingestion of a non-sulfur-containing alpha-amino acid did not change beta-amino acid transport. This study provides evidence that whole body taurine homeostasis is maintained in the presence of a taurine-depleting agent (beta alanine feeding) by an increase in the number of Na(+)-taurine uptake sites. PMID- 3153267 TI - Cyclosporin A in paediatric kidney transplantation. AB - Cyclosporin A (CyA) is an immunosuppressive agent which has been used in children following kidney transplantation since 1982. The paediatric experience made with CyA in a single centre is reported here. Forty-seven children, ranging in age from 2 to 16 years, were given transplants between September 1982 and May 1986 and received CyA with low-dose prednisolone for immunosuppression. The mean cold ischaemia time of the grafts was 20.9 h. Under routine volume expansion during and 24 h posttransplantation, 40 grafts (85%) functioned immediately. Acute rejection episodes occurred with the highest frequency during the 1st month (0.6 rejection/patient). The actuarial survival rate for patients was 98% after 3 years. Graft survival was 92% after 1 year, 87% after 2 years and 78% after 3 years. The side-effects observed with CyA were hypertrichosis (38%), neurological complications (21%), and infections (17%). One girl of 16 years developed benign mammary fibroadenomas. Hypertension was common (60%), but less so than seen with conventional therapy (83%). Graft function was reduced. The mean creatinine clearance at 6 weeks after transplantation was 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, after 1 year was 46.4 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and after 2 years it was 42.5 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Twenty-nine children with functioning grafts of at least 1 year could be evaluated for growth performance and normal or even catch-up growth could be demonstrated for the whole group. The individual annual growth rates expressed by standard deviation score (SDS) remained stable or even improved 3 years after kidney transplantation. Longer periods of follow-up are necessary to confirm whether the advantages concerning survival rates and growth rates persist over time and will outweigh the side-effects of CyA treatment. PMID- 3153266 TI - Low-renin hypertension of childhood. AB - Measurement of plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone with a knowledge of dietary sodium balance is critical to the diagnostic evaluation of childhood hypertension. Disturbances of steroid production, regulation, metabolism and sensitivity have been implicated in the pathogenesis of low-renin hypertension in childhood. Prompt initiation of treatment is essential because the hemodynamic changes caused by long-standing hypertension may become irreversible. The clinical features and hormonal findings of the most important adrenocortical disorders associated with low-renin hypertension in childhood are summarized. PMID- 3153268 TI - The effect of antenatal dexamethasone administration on glomerular filtration rate and renal sodium excretion in premature infants. AB - Creatinine clearance (Ccr) and renal sodium (Na+) excretion were measured in 10 premature infants (gestational age less than 34 weeks) whose mothers had received dexamethasone before delivery (group D) and in 11 whose mothers were not so treated (control, group C). Babies were studied twice: on days 2-5 (study 1. all infants) and days 6-10 (study 2, six infants in each group). In study 1, absolute and fractional Na+ excretion were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) and urinary K+:Na+ ratio significantly higher (P less than 0.025) in group D than in group C, while Cr did not differ between groups. In study 2, Ccr in group D had increased compared both with values obtained in the same babies in study 1 (P less than 0.05) and with group C babies in study 2 (P less than 0.05), but significant differences between groups in urinary Na+ excretion and urinary K+:Na+ ratio were no longer found. We conclude that exogenous glucocorticoids accelerate maturation of renal function in immature human infants, probably by inducing tubular Na+. K(+)-ATPase activity. Our findings support the view that endogenous glucocorticoid hormones may play an important part in the normal maturation process. PMID- 3153270 TI - Cyclosporin A in children with persistent renal transplant rejection and progressively deteriorating graft function. AB - The effect on renal function and growth of switching from azathioprine to cyclosporin A (CyA) was prospectively evaluated in ten children with persistent renal transplant rejection. Progression of renal insufficiency during CyA therapy was compared with that before using CyA. Prednisone administration decreased after CyA was introduced and although growth retardation persisted, height velocity improved significantly. Renal function stabilized in seven patients treated with CyA for a variable time period, and four of these children remain off dialysis 0.44-1.42 years later. Renal biopsies were obtained in seven children when they were converted from azathioprine to CyA. The response to CyA could not be predicted from renal morphology or clinical features. PMID- 3153272 TI - Aggressive therapy of infants with renal failure. AB - Nine infants, who presented with renal failure within the first 3 months of life, were treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Seven infants survived to an age of 12-15 months, when they received transplants. Two patients died while on CAPD. Six infants are alive with a functioning renal allograft, at an average age of 35.5 months and an average of 22 months post-transplant. Neurological development is normal in four of the six infants tested. The mean current height of the six transplant recipients is just below 2 SD from the mean. PMID- 3153269 TI - C4 isotype deficiency in IgA nephropathy. AB - C4 and factor B typing were performed in 37 pediatric patients with primary IgA nephropathy. Null alleles for C4B occurred with a frequency of 26% in patients, as compared to 15% in healthy controls (NS). The phenotype of C4B deficiency (homozygous C4B null), however, was found in 16% of patients and 4% of controls (P less than 0.05). Comparison of observed C4B phenotypes with those predicted from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium also confirmed an excess of C4B deficiency (P less than 0.0005). In contrast, there was no evidence of distortion in the frequencies of the C4A null allele or phenotype, or of the factor B alleles. The data suggest that C4B deficiency may be one of multiple interacting factors contributing to the development of this glomerulopathy. PMID- 3153271 TI - Long-term suppression of hyperparathyroidism by phosphate binders in uremic children. AB - Forty-five children with stable chronic renal failure, not on dialysis, were treated conservatively with a regimen of mild dietary phosphate restriction and high-dose phosphate binders for up to 5 years. Both aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate were used initially, but almost all patients were taking calcium carbonate towards the end of the period. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations were significantly decreased and were within the normal range after 1 year and remained normal during treatment. There was no significant change in renal function over the same treatment period. We conclude that calcium carbonate should be used as the phosphate binder of choice in the long-term suppression of hyperphosphatemia and hyperparathyroidism in uremic children. PMID- 3153273 TI - Transplantation in infants less than 1 year of age. AB - Thirteen infants received their first renal transplant at the University of Minnesota from 1978 through 1985. Nine of the originally transplanted kidneys are still functioning and only two patients have died. These results are similar to those obtained in larger groups of children either less than 2 years of age or less than 5 years of age at the time of transplantation. Successfully transplanted infants experience accelerated growth and development, frequently reaching the normal range for their age. Since both chronic uremia and dialysis carry special risks in infancy, the option of earlier transplantation should be considered in any infant with end-stage renal failure. PMID- 3153274 TI - Neurologic development of children with severe chronic renal failure from infancy. AB - A literature review was conducted to summarize current understanding of the effects of severe chronic renal failure (CRF), when present from infancy, on neurologic development. Data were obtained from the results of 95 examinations performed in 85 patients, most of whom had been studied after 12 months of age, or following initiation of maintenance dialysis or successful transplantation. CRF was diagnosed at birth or during the neonatal period in 71.7% of these patients; serum creatinine concentrations or calculated clearances were greater than or equal to 2.0 mg/dl (177 mumol/l) or less than 15 ml/min per 1.73 m2, respectively, in 75.8%. Head circumferences were greater than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age in 33 of 51 (64.7%) patients. Developmental delay was identified in 63.2% of all cases, and in 29 of 48 (60.4%), 16 of 19 (84.2%), and 4 of 13 (30.7%) patients studied while receiving conservative management or maintenance dialysis, or following successful transplantation, respectively. Moderate to severe delays were commoner for gross motor and language development. No significant relationships could be identified between age or severity of CRF at diagnosis and either the prevalence or severity of developmental delay. Other factors that may have contributed to observed developmental delays are also discussed, including aluminum loading, hyperparathyroidism, undernutrition, and psychosocial problems. New data are presented and discussed, and recommendations for future studies provided. PMID- 3153276 TI - Experience with continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis during the first year of life. AB - The clinical experience in eight infants aged 5.8 +/- 2.3 (SD) months at the initiation of continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) is described. BUN, creatinine, albumin, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase measurements were performed serially and no changes were seen throughout the follow-up period. Mean total energy and protein intake were 94 +/- 8% and 79 +/- 9% of the recommended. The initial and final standard deviation scores (SDS) for height were -1.42 +/- 1.32 and -2.47 +/- 1.36 (P less than 0.001), respectively. The SDS for body weight and head circumference were -1.67 +/- 0.71 and -1.67 +/- 1.04, respectively, at the beginning of the study and -1.83 +/- 0.98 and -1.88 +/- 1.52, respectively, at the end of the period of observation. The incidence of peritonitis was one episode every 11.6 patient months; six patients developed nine hernias. The present study demonstrates that CCPD is an acceptable dialytic modality, with minimal morbidity, for the management of infants awaiting renal transplantation. PMID- 3153275 TI - Ethical and legal considerations in the care of the infant with end-stage renal disease whose parents elect conservative therapy. An American perspective. AB - When parents elect conservative treatment for infants with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), their choice is medically, ethically, and legally acceptable, since dialysis and transplantation for young infants are still in the range of innovative and experimental treatments. Pediatric nephrologists have been reluctant to view these treatments as standard for very young infants because of doubts about their efficacy, technical difficulties in providing them for tiny patients, uncertainty about their short-term and long-term risks, and the suffering that they can create. Because these renal replacement therapies are not yet established, it is the responsibility of parents to determine whether the benefits of treatment outweigh its burdens for their infants. Physicians have an obligation to ensure that parents make a well-considered decision, and to provide them with counsel and support. PMID- 3153277 TI - Therapy of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with cyclosporine A. AB - Six patients with biopsy-documented focal segmental glomerulosclerosis were treated with cyclosporine A (CyA) a new and potent T-cell suppressant. Dosage was adjusted to maintain trough levels between 100 and 300 ng/ml (whole blood radioimmunoassay). Patients were treated for 6 weeks or until unacceptable drug toxicity occurred. In one patient proteinuria was significantly reduced. This same individual was the only patient treated within 6 months of diagnosis. Therapy was discontinued in two patients at week 4, one because of worsening renal failure and one because of hypertension. These complications occurred despite trough CyA blood levels of less than 300 ng/ml. The results suggest that further and controlled studies of CyA are warranted in the therapy of nephrotic syndrome associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, especially when used early in the course of disease. The data also suggest enhanced toxicity of CyA in patients with active nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3153278 TI - A review of drug prescribing in children with end-stage renal failure. AB - This review provides a guideline for the prescribing of drugs in children with end-stage renal failure. The altered physiology of renal failure affects the metabolism of most pharmacological agents and modification of the drug dosage or extension of the prescribed drug interval become necessary with declining glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Most dose adjustments are dependent on a knowledge of renal function since GFR is inversely proportioned to the elimination rate constant of a drug. The details of drugs listed by generic name are those commonly used in paediatric practice, and the recommendations for dose adjustments are related to a reduction in GFR and not to body mass. Familiarization with the normal dose prescription of any drug used in paediatric practice is therefore necessary when referring to the table. PMID- 3153279 TI - Nutritional management of children with chronic renal failure. Summary of the task force on nutritional management of children with chronic renal failure. AB - Current information on the adaptations to progressive loss of renal function is presented. The assessment of renal function in infants and children using serum creatinine concentration and its derivatives is considered as are various methods for assessment of growth. Children with creatinine clearances less than 50% of normal, who do not have uremic symptoms (and who are not on dialysis), should be ingesting diets providing close to 100% of the RDA for calories with 8% of the calories as protein. Recommendations for nutritional management of children on chronic peritoneal dialysis are also presented. PMID- 3153281 TI - Dialysis arthropathy, amyloidosis and beta-2 microglobulin. PMID- 3153280 TI - Recent advances and controversies in childhood renal osteodystrophy. AB - Renal osteodystrophy starts very early in chronic renal failure. Although vitamin D levels are normal in patients with 70-80% function, the levels are not appropriate to the prevailing biochemical milieu. Renal osteodystrophy may contribute to renal growth failure but a correlation between the degree of renal osteodystrophy and growth failure is not observed. Catch-up growth cannot be obtained over a longer period of time with vitamin D. The main reason for osteomalacia is Al intoxication. Aluminium osteopathy is more common in pediatric renal patients than anticipated. The mechanism whereby Al produces its effect on bone is uncertain. Guidelines for the diagnosis and therapy of renal osteopathy are presented. Prophylaxis of renal osteopathy can be attempted by phosphate restriction and/or vitamin D and by avoiding Al-containing drugs. All vitamin D compounds can be used for treatment and all have their advantages and disadvantages. PMID- 3153284 TI - Pyelonephritis. Report of the 4th International Symposium, Goteborg, Sweden 1986. PMID- 3153283 TI - Pediatric renal problems in India. AB - In India, socioeconomic and geographic factors greatly influence the prevalence and outcome of renal diseases in children. The subspecialty of pediatric nephrology is only established at a few centers and adequate facilities for the management of renal problems are not widely available. The prevalence and pattern of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, congenital renal anomalies, systemic renal diseases and urinary tract infections are similar to those reported from Europe and the United States. Poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis is frequently seen. Henoch-Schonlein nephritis and IgA nephropathy are comparatively uncommon. Important causes of acute renal failure are dysentery with or without the hemolytic uremic syndrome, acute intravascular hemolysis in G-6-PD-deficient subjects and sepsis in infants as well as snakebite and other kinds of envenomation in coastal regions. Aortoarteritis (Takayasu's disease) is a frequent cause of hypertension. Vesical calculus disease is very common in some parts of the country. Long-term dialysis and renal transplantation have only occasionally been performed. PMID- 3153285 TI - Acute rejection episodes after renal transplantation in children under cyclosporin A treatment. AB - Thirty-two pediatric renal transplant patients receiving cyclosporin and 34 receiving azathioprine treatment (historical controls) were investigated for the occurrence of rejection episodes; their clinical symptoms and findings, time of onset, influence of donorship, relation to cyclosporin blood levels and graft function outcome were also studied. In the cyclosporin group, four grafts were lost in the 2nd year, while in the azathioprine group five grafts were lost within the first 5 weeks after transplantation due to acute irreversible rejection. Clinical signs of rejection episodes under cyclosporin were mild and usually presented a silent increase of serum creatinine. First rejection episodes occurred later in patients treated with cyclosporin than in azathioprine-treated patients (50% probability after 7 weeks as opposed to 2 weeks). The percentage of patients receiving cyclosporin who had experienced no rejection episodes was 18.8% as opposed to 11.8% of patients receiving azathioprine. The lowest incidence of rejection episodes was observed in patients with living related grafts receiving cyclosporin treatment, 75% of whom were free of rejection episodes after 2 years. Cyclosporin blood levels below 400 ng/ml were observed in 74% of rejection episodes. Biopsies were often used to differentiate between cyclosporin nephrotoxicity and rejection when the cyclosporin levels were above 400 ng/ml. Both treatment groups exhibited a parallel decline in graft function, which correlated with the number of rejection episodes. PMID- 3153282 TI - Perspectives in physiology: cell growth. PMID- 3153286 TI - Complications of nephropathic cystinosis after renal failure. AB - Fifteen patients with nephropathic cystinosis, ranging in age from 13 to 27 years, were studied. Two were in renal failure; 13 had functioning renal allografts; 5 had severe, uncorrectable loss of visual acuity as well as posterior synechiae and crystal deposits on the lens surface. All 15 patients had photophobia and corneal erosions to variable degrees. All patients were growth retarded with delayed bone ages. Puberty occurred late, but was generally complete by 17 years of age. Hepatic function appeared normal. Only 1 patient had neurological deterioration, but 11 patients had some degree of cerebral atrophy radiologically. The continued accumulation of cystine within cystinotic tissues results in serious extrarenal complications many years after renal transplantation in cystinosis. PMID- 3153287 TI - Renal growth after neonatal urinary tract infection. AB - This study presents the result of 12-21 years' follow-up in a group of children with neonatal urinary tract infection (onset within 1 month after birth) in whom early renal growth retardation was noted without concomitant classical renal scarring. In all cases the neonatal infection was diagnosed and treated within a few days of onset and the patients were closely supervised thereafter. Renal length, parenchymal thickness and area were measured at urography. At first follow-up (22 children, mean age 4.1 years) a significant reduction of renal parenchymal thickness was noted. Long-term follow-up (18 patients, mean age 17 years) demonstrated a normalization of renal size in the entire group, although less complete in the subgroup with reflux. There were two major findings in the present study. Firstly, renal growth retardation was seen after neonatal infection, both with and without reflux. Secondly, normalization of renal size in previously small kidneys was demonstrated, suggesting that growth retardation can be a reversible phenomenon. The tendency for such normalization was slightly more marked in children without reflux. Reduction of parenchymal thickness without calyceal deformity, therefore, does not necessarily mean irreversible damage, and differentiation between permanent scarring and temporary growth retardation can thus only be made at later follow-up, possibly not until after puberty. The demonstration of renal growth retardation in spite of early diagnosis and treatment emphasizes the great vulnerability of the kidney in the newborn. PMID- 3153289 TI - Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children: comparison of nonedematous and edematous patients. AB - Persistent proteinuria without edema, associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), has been increasingly observed in our pediatric population. The clinical and pathological features and long-term outcome of these patients are poorly understood and less frequently reported. Ten nonedematous children (10.3 +/- 1.4 years) with proteinuria and FSGS are compared with 16 children (9.0 +/- 0.4 years) with FSGS and nephrotic syndrome (NS). Urinary protein excretion and serum cholesterol were statistically higher and serum albumin statistically lower in the children with FSGS-NS. The percentage of glomeruli with sclerosis was similar in the two groups. Mesangial proliferation was observed more frequently in the nephrotic children and focal or diffuse tubular atrophy more often in the nonedematous children with FSGS. Followup serum creatinines are more than 1 SD above the mean for age in 3 of 10 nonedematous patients with FSGS and 9 of 16 patients with FSGS-NS. Of 10 nonedematous patients with FSGS, 1 progressed to renal failure 20 months after diagnosis, while 3 of 16 patients with FSGS-NS progressed to renal failure. We conclude from these data that NS is a poor prognostic sign in FSGS in children and that neither the percentage of glomeruli with sclerosis nor the presence of tubular atrophy is predictive of NS in our patients. PMID- 3153288 TI - Plasma exchange improves the glomerulonephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus in selected pediatric patients. AB - The effects of short-course plasma exchange (PE) followed by tapering dose prednisone therapy was assessed in six children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and severe glomerulonephritis. All patients received pulse methylprednisolone therapy and three patients were treated with cytotoxic drugs prior to PE, but none had exhibited a good response. PE resulted in a rapid and sustained (greater than 1 year) remission of renal failure in the three patients with renal failure and severe glomerulonephritis. All six patients had severe nephrotic syndrome and five of six experienced a complete and sustained (greater than 1 year) remission post-PE (the sixth patient has greater than 4 month remission at the time of writing). Of interest was the high frequency of membranous [World Health Organization (WHO) Type V] and mixed membranous and diffuse proliferative SLE nephritis (WHO Type IV) on renal biopsy (4/6 patients). In addition, the severe anemia and leukopenia seen in most patients responded favorably to PE. Five of the six patients are currently managed on low-dose prednisone (0.25-0.5 mg/kg) every other day. One patient progressed to renal failure and dialysis more than 1 year post-PE. One patient required cytotoxic drug therapy post-PE (6 weeks). No significant complications were encountered; in fact, all patients eventually received their PE treatments as outpatients. We conclude that PE may provide a safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of severe progressive SLE nephritis in selected children who are unresponsive to steroid or cytotoxic drug therapy. PMID- 3153290 TI - Effect of corticosteroids on coagulation factors in children with nephrotic syndrome. AB - Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and plasma procoagulant activities were studied in 38 children with nephrotic syndrome in the presence or absence of prednisolone therapy. PT was normal but APTT was prolonged during relapse in untreated patients. Increased factors V, VII, VIII, XI and XIII in both treated and untreated and factor IX in treated patients, as well as decreased factors X and XII in untreated patients, were observed during relapse. These coagulation factor changes were unrelated either to the dose of prednisolone or underlying renal histology and normalized with clinical remission. However, plasma levels of factors II, V, VIII, IX, X and XI were still increased in treated patients. The data suggest that corticosteroids shorten APTT, raise both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and therefore have favorable and unfavorable effects on the coagulation system in children with nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3153291 TI - Development of focal glomerulosclerosis after unilateral nephrectomy in infant rats. AB - Rats unilaterally nephrectomized in infancy (Nx5) or in adulthood (Nx55) and fed a normal (21%) protein diet were studied at 2, 3 and 6 months after surgery with regard to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the development of both albuminuria and focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) in the remnant kidney. Nx rats were compared with sham-operated animals (S) of corresponding age. The incidence of FGS never exceeded 1.4% in S rats. In Nx5 rats the incidence of FGS was not increased at 2 and 3 months after surgery whereas it was significantly higher (range 10%-27%) than in S rats 6 months after surgery. Urinary albumin excretion was significantly increased in Nx5 rats 2 months after surgery and was even higher 6 months after surgery. In Nx55 rats the incidence of FGS was the same as in Nx5 rats 2, 3 and 6 months after surgery, but urinary albumin excretion was significantly lower than in Nx5 rats 6 months after surgery. The GFR expressed per unit of body weight decreased in both Nx5 and S5 rats from 2 to 6 months, but the decrease was more pronounced in Nx5 rats than in S5 rats. The GFR factored by kidney weight was significantly lower in Nx5 than in any of the other groups at the 6-month follow-up study. We conclude that, as in adults, when unilateral nephrectomy is performed in infancy, FGS will develop in the remnant kidney. More pronounced albuminuria and reduction of GFR may indicate that the glomerular lesion is more severe in rats nephrectomized in infancy than in adulthood. PMID- 3153292 TI - Structural and functional comparison of mesonephric and metanephric proximal tubules. AB - Mesonephric kidneys of the mid-gestation fetus and metanephric kidneys of the adult are known to differ in many gross features but to be qualitatively similar in their cellular morphology. In the present studies, quantitative morphometric and in vitro microperfusion procedures were used to examine further the physical and transport properties of mesonephric and metanephric (S2) proximal tubule segments from rabbit. In perfused mesonephric proximal tubules the volume transport rate was 0.91 +/- 0.08 nl/min per mm tubule length, 2.7 +/- 0.2 nl/min per mm2 basement membrane (outer tubule) surface area, and 0.19 +/- 0.03 nl/min per mm2 basolateral cell membrane surface areas. For comparison, the S2 portion of metanephric proximal tubules is reported to transport 0.33 +/- 0.02 to 0.53 +/ 0.01 nl/min per mm length or, based on the present findings, 2.8 +/- 0.2 to 4.4 +/- 0.8 nl/min per mm2 basement membrane area and 0.16 +/- 0.02 to 0.25 +/- 0.07 nl/min per mm2 basolateral membrane area. Thus, proximal mesonephric and S2 metanephric segments exhibit approximately the same transport per unit area of basement membrane and per unit area of the basolateral cell membranes across which active transport presumably occurs. PMID- 3153293 TI - Asymptomatic bacteriuria with Shigella sonnei. PMID- 3153294 TI - Postnatal development of renal function during the first year of life. AB - Several aspects of renal function vary considerably during the 1st year of life and differ markedly from the equivalent values in the adult. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increases little, prior to the time an infant reaches a conceptional age of 34 weeks, the point in renal development from which the absolute GFR (ml/min) increases gradually to mature values when linear growth is completed during adolescence. GFR corrected for body size is not comparable with adult normal values until after 12 months of age; therefore, whether GFR is estimated from Scr or measured by timed urine collection, there is no easily recalled range of normal values for infants. One must know the changes in the renal function of normal infants that take place following birth during the 1st year of life. Despite several attempts to do so, renal function during the 1st year of life cannot be assessed from urine flow rate. A urine flow rate of less than 1 ml/kg per hour may be normal and appropriate and may not be harmful either to preterm or full-term infants with normal GFR. Impaired concentrating ability of the neonatal kidney is probably of no clinical significance in all but the most extreme circumstances and is not a major factor in an infant becoming dehydrated, developing hypernatremia or being at greater risk of acute renal injury. Acid-base status in infants must be interpreted appropriately to know when alkali therapy should be introduced to avoid growth failure secondary to true metabolic acidosis. When plasma renin activity is measured in the infant with renal failure of hypertension, one must compare the result with the normal range of values related to postnatal age of normal infants. PMID- 3153296 TI - Imaging the kidneys and urinary tract in the neonate with acute renal failure. AB - Transitional nephrology seriously affects the manner in which radiological investigations and other forms of imaging are undertaken in the neonate. When this is complicated by acute renal failure then caution must be exerted in taking care of the neonate. The use of ultrasound and micturating cystourethrography are well described and form the baseline for all imaging of the renal tract. The physiological handling of TC99m DTPA and the contrasts used for IVU are described as well as the normal appearances of these techniques in the neonate. TC99m DMSA is also included, as are other modalities of imaging. PMID- 3153295 TI - Acute renal failure in neonates: incidence, etiology and outcome. AB - Acute renal failure (ARF) occurs in as many as 8% of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units. Most often, ARF is recognized because of oliguria (urinary flow rate less than 1 ml/kg per hour) although nonoliguric neonatal ARF is being detected with increasing frequency. Among urinary indices utilized to differentiate oliguric neonatal ARF from prerenal oliguria, a fractional excretion of sodium greater than 3% or a renal failure index (RFI) greater than 3 are helpful in confirming ARF. Such indices must be viewed with caution in very premature infants who may have a physiologically high sodium excretion rate and in neonates with the nonoliguric form of ARF. The mortality of oliguric neonatal renal failure may be as high as 60% in medical ARF and even higher in neonates with congenital heart disease, or with anomalies of the genitourinary system. In contrast, nonoliguric renal failure in neonates has an excellent prognosis. Long term abnormalities in glomerular filtration rate and in renal tubular function are common in survivors of neonatal ARF. PMID- 3153297 TI - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration in children. AB - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) is an extracorporeal technique for the treatment of hypervolemia and electrolyte disturbances in the critically ill patient with oligoanuria. The patient's cardiac output provides the blood flow through the circuit; no pumps are necessary. A range of hemofilters is now available extending the applicability of CAVH to the pediatric population, including premature newborns. In this report the treatment of 15 neonates and 8 older children is described. Fluid overload was reduced in all cases. Reflecting the very grave clinical conditions of these patients, 15 of the 23 treated children ultimately died. Due to failure to control uremia, four patients required treatment with dialysis. CAVH was found to be generally safe and effective even in the hemodynamically unstable critically ill child. PMID- 3153298 TI - New approaches to the treatment of acute renal failure. AB - At present, the clinician is left in a relatively dependent position when encountering a patient with established acute renal failure (ARF). Clearly, interventional therapies that can significantly influence the process of recovery from ARF are limited. Although a variety of manipulations and drugs will protect against the loss of renal function when administered prior to the initiation of a renal insult, the clinician usually encounters a patient after ARF has been established. Thus, perturbations that will protect against the development of ARF or modify the severity of the renal insult are not applicable. Moreover, it is clear that the mortality and morbidity for patients with ARF is unacceptably high. Although a variety of supportive measures such as peritoneal/hemodialysis or continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration are now applicable to patients of almost any size or weight, patients continue to die with but perhaps not of ARF. This article will review several new agents that act to enhance the restoration of renal function and result in accelerated recovery of both glomerular and tubular function, following an established acute renal insult: adenine nucleotides, thyroxin, and calcium channel blockers. PMID- 3153301 TI - Immunology. PMID- 3153302 TI - Urology. PMID- 3153303 TI - Clinical quiz. Acute renal failure in a 2-week-old infant. PMID- 3153300 TI - Renal metabolism and acute renal failure. AB - We briefly review what appear to be the most important elements responsible for renal cell injury during and after oxygen deprivation. Recent studies in numerous laboratories have vastly improved our understanding of the changes in cell function that occur during ischemia and yet, the underlying mechanisms by which tubule damage and cell death occur remain elusive. We attempt to separate the effects that occur during ischemia or anoxia from those occurring during reperfusion (reoxygenation). These are not always separable, especially because it appears that ischemia initiates a series of complex events that may only become manifested during reperfusion. Ischemia-induced renal dysfunctions are clearly multifactorial events that will require major efforts to unravel. PMID- 3153299 TI - Acute renal failure: the glomerular and tubular connection. AB - Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common clinical entity which results from multiple causes. Experimental models in animals have duplicated many of the clinical syndromes which can be classified into (1) ARF due to increased filtered load of endogenous and exogenous materials, (2) ARF associated with exogenous nephrotoxins and (3) ischemic forms of renal failure secondary to hypoperfusion and hypotension. The mechanisms leading to the reduction in GFR are multiple and the alterations in determinants of nephron filtration rate and degree of tubular backleak and obstruction are described for each of these subtypes of experimental ARF. The specific mechanisms whereby tubular damage translates into a reduction in GFR in ARF are discussed for each subtype of ARF. Tubular damage can often be dissociated from the reduction in GFR, possibly by inhibiting tubuloglomerular feedback responses, but such increases in GFR and nephron filtration rate are not necessarily beneficial to the organism because of potential volume depletion and the risk of magnifying further tubular damage. Information on the physiologic role of tubuloglomerular feedback activity in ARF is provided and supports the concept that feedback induced reductions in GFR after tubular injury may preserve extracellular volume and minimize further tubular damage. Reductions in tubular metabolic work appears to prevent and ameliorate further tubular injury after the initial insult. The mechanisms which associate changes in GFR and tubular damage can now be described, and therapies which improve GFR without correcting the tubular damage may compound the clinical problem and increase renal damage. PMID- 3153304 TI - Was Glasgow first with kidney biopsy? PMID- 3153305 TI - Early organogenesis of the kidney. AB - The mammalian permanent kidney consists of three cell lineages of different origin: the epithelial cells of the ureter bud, the mesenchymal cells of the nephric blastema and the endothelial cells of the capillaries. Organogenesis is governed by a cascade of morphogenetic interactions between these cell populations, a reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interaction between the branching ureter and the metanephric mesenchyme, homotypic interactions between cells of the tubular anlagen, stimulation of angiogenesis by the differentiating blastema and a mesenchymal--endothelial interaction guiding the migration of the capillary endothelial cells. While the biology of these interactive events is well known, as described in this overview, the molecular mechanisms are less well mapped out. PMID- 3153306 TI - Human cystic kidney diseases: epithelial hyperplasia in the pathogenesis of cysts and tumors. AB - Several examples of human renal cystic disease are associated with tubular epithelial hyperplasia. Micropapillary hyperplasia occurs in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, in localized cystic disease, and in acquired cystic disease; neoplastic or severely dysplastic epithelial hyperplasia occurs in von Hippel-Lindau disease; a histopathologically distinctive epithelial hyperplasia occurs in tuberous sclerosis. In all of these conditions the epithelial hyperplasia appears to be responsible for cyst formation by causing tubular or ductal luminal obstruction, and in all of these conditions, save localized cystic disease (a rare condition with very few reported cases), epithelial hyperplasia imposes an increased risk of malignancy. The risk seems to be highest in patients under treatment with long-term hemodialysis for end-stage kidney disease. Some of these diseases may share common features, but it appears likely that the histopathological differences reflect different features converging on a common result. PMID- 3153307 TI - Genetics of cystic kidney diseases. Criteria for classification and genetic counselling. AB - Despite the high incidence of cystic kidney diseases, affected families are not usually well informed of the inheritance of these disorders. Genetic counselling must be based on precise diagnostic criteria. Detailed information on the different types of cystic kidney disease is summarized, including clinical features, pathology, radiology, prenatal diagnosis and the risk of recurrence. In addition, a genetic interpretation is given of the Caroli syndrome, Potter sequence as well as congenital hepatic fibrosis. PMID- 3153308 TI - A "reverse genetic" approach to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. AB - Biochemical, anatomical, pathophysiological and clinical studies of autosomal dominant "adult-type" polycystic kidney disease have cast little light on the underlying biochemical defect which causes the disease. The advent of recombinant DNA technology permits a novel approach to its pathophysiology. In this approach, termed "reverse genetics", the mutation which produces the disease is first localised by genetic linkage. This is followed by the identification and cloning of the "disease gene" itself, and the characterisation of its mutations. The recent assignment of the polycystic kidney disease mutation to the short arm of chromosome 16 is thus the first step in a reverse genetic approach to an understanding of the molecular pathology of this disorder. PMID- 3153309 TI - Alport's syndrome as a cause of renal failure in Europe. AB - We studied the geographical distribution, male to female ratio, and age at the start of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for end-stage renal failure (ESRF) in 600 patients with hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness (Alport's syndrome) reported to the European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry since 1975. Annual age- and sex-specific acceptance rates for RRT showed a variable peak incidence according to country, ranging between, 0 and 2.4 patients per million population in males aged 15-24 years, but with only about half this incidence in females. In Scandinavian countries there were very few females who started RRT, and males were older than in the rest of Europe. The overall male to female ratio was 4:1. The median age at the start of RRT was: males (n = 479) 24.3 years (1st quartile 19.5 years; 3rd quartile 31.5 years); females (n = 121) 31.5 years (1st quartile 23.0 years; 3rd quartile 43.2 years). Our study provided confirmation that males reach ESRF earlier than females. In addition, we detected previously unrecognized geographical differences. PMID- 3153310 TI - Familial glomerulonephritis. AB - Between 1970 and 1984, the diagnosis of glomerulonephritis was made in 860 patients on the basis of a nephritic sediment and/or renal biopsy; of these patients, 86 (10%) had at least one first-degree relative with glomerulonephritis. These patients originated from 45 families and 1674 family members were screened; 172 had glomerulonephritis, of whom 101 could be classified. The diagnostic breakdown of the 101 patients showed that 50.5% had classical Alport's syndrome; 21.8% had atypical forms; 17.8% had familial IgA glomerulonephritis; 1.9% had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome; and 7.9% had benign familial haematuria. The proportion of patients with glomerulonephritis who had familial disease was higher than expected. The family history is an important point to consider in the examination of patients with glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3153311 TI - Variants of Alport's syndrome. AB - Variants of Alport's syndrome include mainly those associated with hereditary macrothrombocytopenia (and occasionally leukocyte inclusions) or with esophageal, tracheobronchial and genital leiomyomatosis. Within Alport's syndrome there appears to be no justification for differentiating those with nephritis and deafness from those with nephritis alone. However, in indirect immunofluorescence studies using the mouse monoclonal antibody, MCA-P1, which recognizes the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), reduced or absent binding was found in 20 of 42 cases of hereditary nephritis. Most of these showed typical ultrastructural GMB changes. These results suggest that there is probably a subset of patients characterized by typical GBM lesions and an absence, inaccessibility or abnormality of the GBM antigen recognized by MCA-P1. PMID- 3153312 TI - Alport's syndrome: specificity and pathogenesis of glomerular basement membrane alterations. AB - In Alport's syndrome (AS) thinning and splitting of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) are assumed to be characteristic ultrastructural alterations. Both lesions are, however, non-specific because they can occur in other glomerulopathies. In addition, splitting may be found in non-glomerular structures. It should be emphasized that the characteristic lesion in AS is a result of the widespread combination of thin and split GBM in the same biopsy specimen. In our opinion the basic lesion is the thin GBM, which is characterized by a lamina densa (measuring 50-150 nm in thickness) which may begin to split as a result of focal detachment of podocyte pedicles (spacing) and repeated subepithelial deposition of new lamina densa layers. Splitting thus appears to be a secondary lesion. Thinning of GBM may represent a persistent embryonal status of the lamina densa and may thus be the result of a development defect. This assumption is supported by the findings of fetal-like glomeruli and small capillary loops in AS. PMID- 3153313 TI - Urinary excretion of glomerular basement membrane-related peptides in children with renal disorders. AB - Urinary excretion of glomerular basement membrane (GBM)-related peptides was analysed in 72 patients with a variety of renal diseases by immunoblotting using polyclonal antibodies against either collagenase or pepsin digests of human GBM. The specificity of the antibodies was verified by elution of antibodies bound to urinary GBM-related peptides on nitrocellulose blots and demonstration of reactivity of the eluted antibodies with the respective GBM digests. Furthermore, six mice immunized with urinary GBM-related peptides all developed focal linear deposits of mouse IgG along their GBM, linear and mesangial deposits of C3 in the glomeruli and serum antibodies reactive with human GBM. Monoclonal antibodies against urinary GBM-related peptides of one of the mice reacted with different peptides of the non-collagenous and collagenous domains of type IV collagen, the major structural protein of GBM. In the majority of the 75 patients' urines tested, excretion of GBM-related peptides with molecular weights of 33, 50, 80 and 150 kilodaltons (kD) was detectable. Patients with a diminished glomerular filtration rate (GFR) demonstrated excretion of the 33 kD peptide more frequently (91%) and never of the 80 kD peptide as compared with patients with normal GFR (33 kD [42%] 80 kD [87%]). The pattern of urinary GBM-related peptides was not specific for the underlying renal disease as in Alport's syndrome. PMID- 3153314 TI - Genetics of Alport's syndrome. AB - The pattern of inheritance of Alport's syndrome has been controversial for some time. Recent studies have clarified the mode of inheritance in this disease. Alport's syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder made up of a number of genetically distinct syndromes, with an autosomal dominant, an X-linked dominant and a rare autosomal recessive form. Clinical analysis shows that there are many distinct forms with or without nerve deafness, and with early or late occurrence of end stage renal disease. PMID- 3153315 TI - Alport's syndrome or hereditary nephritis? PMID- 3153316 TI - Congenital nephrotic syndrome. AB - Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) is an uncommon disorder. Several different diseases may cause the syndrome. These may be inherited, sporadic, acquired or part of a general malformation syndrome. The problems associated with nephrotic syndrome in early infancy are divided into three parts: diagnosis, treatment and prenatal diagnosis. Accurate diagnosis is essential for the treatment, genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis. The ultimate curative treatment of CNS is renal transplantation. The supportive treatment before the transplantation is of utmost importance in order to maintain a reasonable clinical condition and prepare the child for the dialysis and renal transplantation. Prenatal diagnosis is possible in some types of CNS by determination of the maternal serum and amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Increased AFP indicates fetal proteinuria, and thereby nephrotic syndrome before birth. In some cases with the onset of proteinuria after birth prenatal AFP measurement does not detect the disease. PMID- 3153317 TI - Do genetic factors play a role in Berger's disease? AB - The epidemiology of Berger's disease is poorly defined. We know that the disease occurs worldwide and that there may be an increased occurrence in certain ethnic groups. Whether secondary mesangial IgA deposits should be considered part of the same disease process is unknown. The association of certain HLA antigens with the occurrence of Berger's disease has been demonstrated by several groups. The multiple occurrence of Berger's disease or of Berger's disease and Henoch Schonlein purpura in the same family has been reported. The preliminary results of a French collaborative study show 43 such families. However, these facts do not demonstrate a familial clustering since the multiple occurrence of cases in a family may occur by chance. The study of affected siblings (sib pair method) from different families may be used nevertheless, in order to understand the possible inheritance of the disease. Previously reported data on HLA haplotypes of affected siblings are combined with unpublished cases. There is an excess of HLA identical siblings but it is possible that there might have been some bias towards publishing HLA-identical pairs. Further systematic studies on a large number of HLA-typed affected sibling pairs are needed before concluding a linkage between HLA and the disease. PMID- 3153318 TI - Glomerular mesangiolipidosis in Alagille syndrome (arteriohepatic dysplasia). AB - Alagille syndrome is characterized by the association of chronic cholestasis with a paucity of interlobular bile ducts and a distinctive facies together with cardiovascular, skeletal and eye abnormalities. We examined the kidneys of 26 patients with this syndrome; 22 were under 3 years of age and 4 were 4, 6, 12 and 17 years old, respectively. Eighteen showed glomerular lesions of variable severity characterized by a mesangiolipidosis. In the 8 lesser affected patients light microscopy (LM) disclosed a fibrillar appearance of the mesangium, and electron microscopy (EM) showed lipid vacuoles widespread in the mesangial matrix. In the 10 patients who were affected to a greater degree LM and EM showed, in addition to the mesangial matrix changes, the presence of mesangial foam cells. Clinical signs of renal involvement were mild in all patients except for one who died from chronic renal failure at 8 months of age. The extent of mesangiolipidosis was not related to age but to the degree of cholestasis, the most severe lesions being observed in patients aged 3, 6, 8, and 14 months. The glomerular lesions observed in Alagille syndrome are strikingly similar to those observed in adults with lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase deficiency and other conditions characterized by an increase in plasma lipoproteins rich in free cholesterol and in phospholipids. We conclude that glomerular involvement should be added to the characteristic features of Alagille syndrome. Also we found that the lipid deposition in the glomeruli of patients with Alagille syndrome is related to an abnormal lipid metabolism, which is the consequence of severe cholestasis. The most striking feature of our study is the early detection of the glomerular lesions, contrasting with the lack of overt clinical renal disease. Renal failure may be a major complication for patients with this syndrome in adulthood. PMID- 3153319 TI - Hypomagnesaemia of hereditary renal origin. AB - Cases of hypomagnesaemia of hereditary renal origin represent at least three different congenital disorders of tubular reabsorption of magnesium (Mg). Isolated familial hypomagnesaemia has been reported in a heterogeneous group of patients and an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has often been found to be present. Familial hypokalaemia-hypomagnesaemia, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, has been reported in 17 patients and we now describe 3 additional cases. Hypomagnesaemia is accompanied by hypokalaemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypocalciuria and moderate sodium chloride wasting. Titration of renal Mg reabsorption indicates the presence of a low threshold but a normal Tm. The inherited defect is probably situated at the level of the distal convoluted tubule and mimics the therapeutic effect of thiazides. This condition is frequently confused with Bartter's syndrome. Familial hypomagnesaemia hypercalciuria, also inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, has been reported in at least 15 patients and we now add 3 new cases. Hypomagnesaemia is always accompanied by hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. Ocular abnormalities such as myopia and horizontal nystagmus are often present. Hypermagnesiuria is of a greater degree than that observed in the previous entity and reflects a low Tm of Mg reabsorption. The defect must be situated at the level of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle and affects the transport of both calcium and Mg but not of sodium and chloride. This condition has not been clearly separated from hereditary distal renal tubular acidosis in the literature. PMID- 3153320 TI - Autosomal dominant hypophosphataemia with elevated serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and hypercalciuria. AB - A 14-year-old boy presented with the clinical and radiological features of rickets. Serum inorganic phosphate levels were constantly low, whereas serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were within the normal range. Laboratory investigation did not show any evidence for vitamin-D deficiency, chronic renal insufficiency, Fanconi syndrome, tubular acidosis, hepatic disease or intestinal malabsorption. A family study comprising 34 members over four generations revealed 10 other individuals to be affected and the mode of inheritance to be autosomal dominant. In addition to hypophosphataemia and normocalcaemia, the disease is characterized by elevated serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D levels and hypercalciuria. This hereditary syndrome of renal hypophosphataemia differs from the common familial X-linked hypophosphataemia and the recently described autosomal recessive hypophosphataemic rickets with hypercalciuria by its dominant mode of inheritance; it differs from hypophosphataemic non-rachitic bone disease by the elevated serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D levels and hypercalciuria. PMID- 3153321 TI - Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus-vasopressin and prostaglandins in response to treatment with hydrochlorothiazide and indomethacin. AB - In four boys with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) and urinary excretion of prostaglandins were studied in response to treatment with hydrochlorothiazide and indomethacin. An abnormal relationship between AVP and urine osmolality was demonstrated in all patients. In the first patient, treatment with indomethacin (3 mg/kg per day) resulted in a drop of the insulin and paraminohippurate clearances. In the other three patients urinary excretion of PGE2 was raised, and fell during treatment with hydrochlorothiazide (2 mg/kg per day) and indomethacin (2 mg/kg per day). Urine flow, free water clearance and osmolar clearance decreased during treatment. A combination of both drugs is more effective than hydrochlorothiazide alone and the effect appears to be additive. PMID- 3153323 TI - Reversible vasoconstriction in rats with congenital unilateral hydronephrosis. AB - We studied the effects of inhibition of either prostaglandins or the role of prostanoids and the renin-angiotensin system on renal function in rats with congenital unilateral hydronephrosis. Wistar rats with congenital unilateral hydronephrosis were infused with normal saline (control), captopril dissolved in normal saline or indomethacin dissolved in a solution of sodium chloride and sodium carbonate. In the control group both glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow were reduced in the right hydronephrotic kidney (RHK) compared with the normal left kidney. Indomethacin did not improve renal function in the RHK. Captopril significantly improved GFR in the RHK. These results support the conclusion that the renin-angiotensin system is an important mediator of reduced GFR in congenital unilateral hydronephrosis in rats. PMID- 3153322 TI - Role of prostaglandins in hyperprostaglandin E syndrome and in selected renal tubular disorders. AB - Renal and systemic prostanoid activity was assessed in various renal tubular disorders, using mass spectrometric determination of urinary excretion rates of primary prostaglandins (PGE2, PGF2 alpha, PGI2, and TXA2) and their systemically produced index metabolites. Only PGE2 levels (normal range: 2.0-16.4 ng/h per 1.73 m2) are elevated in Bartter syndrome (median: 43.4, range: 6.7-166.3), nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (46.2, 12.1-1290), Fanconi syndrome (96.6, 19.3 135.5), and in a complex tubular disorder in premature infants (40.7, 22.3 132.1), for which the term hyperprostaglandin E syndrome has been introduced. In this disorder with a Bartter-syndrome-like tubulopathy, the systemic features of the disease such as fever, diarrhoea and osteopenia with hypercalciuria were associated with increased systemic PGE2 activity. In most patients the urinary excretion rate of the systemic index metabolite of PGE2 (PGE-M) was markedly elevated (1028, 285-4709; normal range: 104-664 ng/h per 1.73 m2). Hypercalciuria per se was associated neither with increased renal nor with systemic PGE2 hyperactivity. Most problems in infants with hyperprostaglandin E syndrome could be controlled by long-term indomethacin treatment in contrast to the moderate and partial effect of this treatment in patients with Fanconi syndrome. Thus increased PGE2 synthesis plays a major role in the pathogenesis of hyperprostaglandin E syndrome, while in Fanconi syndrome PGE2 hyperactivity in the kidney is a secondary event and only aggravates the water and electrolyte wastage. PMID- 3153324 TI - Renal glucosuria. AB - Normal urine contains small amounts of glucose, called basal glucosuria, and other carbohydrates. Increased amounts of glucose beyond the basal excretion rates i.e. frank glucosuria, reflect reduced activity of tubular glucose reabsorption. Clinically, there are two conditions which are known to appear with a primary disturbance of epithelial glucose transport: intestinal glucose galactose malabsorption and benign familial renal glucosuria. In the latter, both the renal threshold for glucose and maximal tubular glucose reabsorption are diminished. The degree of glucosuria is variable; the most severe defect demonstrates minimal glucose threshold values and extremely low levels of maximal glucose reabsorption (type 0). The moderate and mild types show variable reductions of both functional parameters. It is questionable whether these should be subdivided into type A and type B glucosurias. Data in the literature reveal that two distinct entities do not exist, but that there is instead a continuous transition from low to normal values. The defect is transmitted genetically, either in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive manner. It seems plausible that the different defects might be produced either by mutations on different gene loci, or by multiple alleles of the same gene locus that determines the synthesis of the glucose carrier. PMID- 3153325 TI - Fanconi-Bickel syndrome. AB - Clinical, biochemical, functional and morphological data are presented in nine infants, children and adults, with Fanconi-Bickel syndrome. Long-term follow-up studies show severe growth retardation, partly compensated for by late onset of puberty. Glomerular filtration rate is normal or slightly decreased. Renal tubular dysfunction is characterized by a specific pattern of impaired proximal tubular transport mechanisms, with marked impairment of glucose transport. The utilization of glucose and galactose is defective, whereas fructose metabolism seems to be normal. Glycogenosis of the liver may be an epiphenomenon. Glycogen accumulation in the kidney is limited to the proximal tubule, with maximal levels in the straight part. The Fanconi-Bickel syndrome is a defined clinical entity which is distinguished from other inherited metabolic diseases by complex defects of renal tubular transport and other forms of glycogenosis. PMID- 3153326 TI - Late symptoms in infantile cystinosis. AB - Late symptoms of infantile cystinosis were evaluated in 19 patients aged 15-26 years who had a high graft survival following kidney transplantation. The end stage cystinotic kidney was responsible for renal hypertension in 5 patients following grafts. Photophobia did not increase in relation to age, but 3 patients became blind and 1 lost the sight in one eye at 25 years of age. Two patients developed clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism, and 15 other patients had a compensated hypothyroidism. Four patients developed permanent insulin-dependent diabetes and 2 developed transient insulin-dependent diabetes after transplantation. The oral glucose tolerance test was abnormal in 11 of 14 patients on low-dose prednisone. Liver enlargement was noted in 10 cases, but only 3 patients developed clinical symptoms of portal hypertension. Symptoms of hypersplenism were observed in 6 cases leading to splenectomy. Repeat gross epistaxis was observed in 7 of the patients when on dialysis and persisted after transplantation in 1 patient, who died from nasal bleeding. A particular encephalopathy developed in 2 patients at the ages of 17 and 24, characterized by speech difficulties, pyramidal symptoms and cranial nerve deficit; one died at the age of 21. The mean adult height of these patients was 136.5 cm in males and 124 cm in females, and their psychosocial adjustment was related to the extra renal complications of cystinosis rather than to the renal status. PMID- 3153327 TI - Ocular changes in some progressive hereditary nephropathies. AB - Ocular involvement is a common feature of three hereditary nephropathies: cystinosis, nephronophthisis and Alport's syndrome. The follow-up of 25 cases of infantile cystinosis over a period of 26 years demonstrated that the corneal and retinal epithelium were affected in the same way as the kidney epithelium. Corneal involvement induced photophobia and discomfort, but actual blindness was mainly due to retinal involvement, and therefore no corneal graft was performed. The use of topical cysteamine appears to be promising, but its production raises many questions so no definitive conclusions may be made. Since 1965, 51 patients with nephronophthisis have had ocular examinations; all patients had characteristic clinical symptoms and histological findings. The first group, which consisted of 18 children, all under 10 years of age, was found to have obvious chorioretinal degeneration. The second group, which consisted of 11 children, had a normal ocular examination and normal electroretinogram (ERG). The third group, consisting of 22 children, had a normal clinical examination but ERG tracings with variable alterations. In 28 instances of Alport's syndrome, two types of ocular abnormalities have been observed. In six cases, an anterior lenticonus was noted, which caused a major decline in visual acuity. Retinopathy, which did not affect vision, was observed in 13 cases. PMID- 3153328 TI - New aspects of infantile oxalosis. AB - Infantile oxalosis is the most severe form of primary hyperoxaluria type I (PH I). Only 28 patients have been reported in detail; it was found that diagnosis was usually delayed, and most patients presented before the age of 4 months in renal failure and died within the 1st year of life. This report comprises two infants in whom diagnosis of PH I was made in the first few weeks of life before renal function was impaired. Case 1, whose brother had died of infantile oxalosis, already had greatly increased urinary oxalate and glycolate excretion at 7 days of age. In Case 2, PH I was diagnosed early because of the finding of increased renal echogenicity at 3 weeks of age; this patient had numerous episodes of stone formation despite continuous treatment with pyridoxine, but maintained renal function with normal serum creatinine levels at the age of 28 months. Prenatal diagnosis was attempted in case 1; however, amniotic fluid oxalate and glycolate concentrations were normal, suggesting that these acids pass the placenta and are not retained. The recent discovery of a transamination defect (deficiency of the peroxisomal enzyme alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase) explains why some patients respond to pyridoxine treatment. Differences in onset and severity of PH I and in response to pyridoxine suggest that this disorder is biochemically and genetically heterogeneous. PMID- 3153329 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism with renal manifestations. AB - Prenatal diagnosis has become increasingly important for the prevention of kidney disease due to inborn errors of metabolism. The indications for prenatal diagnosis in a specific disease depend on the degree of renal involvement and the concomitant pathology of other organs, but especially of the central nervous system. The availability of successful postnatal therapy reduces the necessity for prenatal diagnosis. The determination of enzyme activities, the demonstration of storage products in fetal tissues and the analysis of amniotic fluid components are the biochemical methods most frequently used for prenatal detection. Recently, recombinant DNA techniques have enlarged the spectrum of inherited disorders that can be diagnosed before birth. PMID- 3153330 TI - Antenatal diagnosis of renal tract anomalies by ultrasound. AB - A first group of 141 pregnant women carrying children at risk of a renal tract anomaly, because of a positive family history was referred to our obstetrical ultrasound department. Prenatal ultrasound examination revealed an abnormality of the urinary tract in 8%. A recurrence was observed under the following conditions: renal agenesis, multicystic kidney and urethral obstruction, but not in ureteral obstruction. In two children renal abnormalities were not detected until after birth, one child having an autosomal recessive and the other an autosomal dominant form of polycystic kidney disease. The large variation in the prenatal manifestation of cystic kidney disorders requires that predictions of possible recurrence on the basis of repeated ultrasound examinations should be made with great care. A second group of 98 pregnant women was referred because of a suspected renal abnormality found by ultrasound in the absence of a previous family history. In 64% a malformation of the urinary tract was confirmed (31 with obstructive uropathy and 32 with cystic kidneys). In almost half of the cases with subvesical obstruction or with cystic kidney disease a structural defect of extrarenal organs was present. PMID- 3153331 TI - Prevention of hereditary nephropathies by antenatal interventions. Ethical considerations. AB - The identification of renal abnormalities in the human fetus has focused attention on considerations for intervening to correct defects in utero as an alternative to abortion. The fervor which has characterized unproven, though seemingly logical measures attempted unsuccessfully thus far to prevent continued renal injury and pulmonary hypoplasia in the fetus with obstructive uropathy, affords an opportunity to discuss ethical issues which will encumber further experimental approaches for treating the defective human fetus. Such uncharted measures must be scrutinized rigorously not only for valid scientific principles, but also for consideration given to ethical concerns. PMID- 3153332 TI - John Hodson. An appreciation of his achievements and contributions to paediatric nephrology. PMID- 3153333 TI - Cyclosporin in the treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children. AB - Thirty-five children (12 girls, 23 boys), aged from 1 year and 5 months to 14 years at the onset of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, received cyclosporin A (CyA) because of steroid toxicity or failure to respond to steroids. The initial oral dose was 6 mg/kg per day and this was adjusted to obtain trough plasma levels of 50-150 ng/ml. The duration of treatment was between 2 and 8 months. In patients who responded to CyA treatment, the dosage was tapered off; treatment was stopped if found to be ineffective. Of the 35 children, 20 were frequent-relapsing steroid responders who suffered serious side-effects from steroid therapy. Seventeen of them either went into remission or did not relapse despite the withdrawal of prednisone. Prednisone doses could be lowered but not stopped in 1 patient and the remaining 2 patients relapsed when prednisone was tapered off. At the final examination, 10 of the 12 children in whom CyA was tapered off and who had initially responded to CyA had relapsed. A second course was given to these 10 patients and 3 failed to respond. Five children were partial steroid responders and CyA induced a remission in 1 and a partial remission in another. Among the 10 children who were steroid resistant, only 1 responded to CyA, 2 had a partial response and 7 failed to respond to CyA. A reduction of glomerular filtration rate occurred in 8 patients, 7 of whom had either persistent nephrotic syndrome or were in relapse, which suggests that factors other than CyA nephrotoxicity may have been operative. Complete reversal occurred in only 4 patients. Significant histological changes, likely to be related to CyA, were seen in 2 repeat renal biopsies out of the 11 performed. PMID- 3153334 TI - Microproteins in amniotic fluid as an index of changes in fetal renal function during development. AB - Protein content and protein composition were studied in amniotic fluid obtained from 171 healthy pregnant women between the 16th and 38th week of gestation, using microgradient gel electrophoresis to separate proteins according to their molecular size into albumin (68 KD), proteins of low molecular weight (LMW proteins, less than 68 KD), and proteins of high molecular weight (HMW proteins, greater than 68 KD). Additionally alpha-1-microglobulin (alpha-1-MG, 33 KD) and beta-2-microglobulin (beta-2-MG, 11,8 KD) were analysed as micromolecular marker proteins. Concentrations of LMW proteins were 0.15-0.22 g/l, of alpha-1-MG 28.4 34.5 mg/l, and of beta-2-MG 7.2-11.6 mg/l during the second trimester of gestation, and thereafter decreased progressively to 0.03 g/l, 14.1 mg/l and 2.4 mg/l respectively near term. The same developmental trends were confirmed by calculating the protein/creatinine ratios in amniotic fluid. The concentrations of LMW proteins found in the first postnatal urine of 73 healthy infants born prematurely or at term were similar to those in amniotic fluid of corresponding fetal age. Concentrations of albumin and HMW proteins in postnatal urine were about 5% and 15% respectively when compared with amniotic fluid concentrations. No strong correlation existed between gestational age and either of the analysed proteins which would allow accurate assessment of fetal maturation by protein analysis in amniotic fluid. It is concluded that fetal urinary excretion is the major determinant of the microprotein content of amniotic fluid. Microproteins seem to reflect an increasing tubular reabsorption capacity, which accelerates rapidly after the second trimester of gestation. PMID- 3153336 TI - Congenital murine polycystic kidney disease. I. The ontogeny of tubular cyst formation. AB - In the current study, the ontogeny of tubular cyst formation was studied in the CPK mouse, a murine strain with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Utilizing the technique of intact nephron microdissection in addition to standard light and transmission electron microscopy, the earliest morphologic alterations in CPK kidneys were localized in fetal tissue at 17 days of gestation to the distal portion of developing proximal tubules. During disease progression, from birth to 21 days of postnatal age, there was a shift in the site of cystic nephron involvement from proximal tubule to collecting tubules without involvement of other nephron segments. Cysts were enlarged tubular segments which remained in continuity with other portions of the nephron and were not associated with abnormalities in the overall pattern of nephron growth or differentiation. Analysis suggested that alterations in transtubular transport in abnormally shortened proximal tubular segments of juxtamedullary nephrons may have pathogenic importance in the early stages of cyst formation, and that epithelial hyperplasia and cytoskeletal alterations may have a role in progressive proximal tubular cystic enlargement. Cellular hyperplasia of epithelial walls of normally formed tubules was a prominent feature of cyst formation and progressive enlargement in collecting tubules. Such data form the basis for future studies into specific pathophysiological processes which may be operative in specific nephron segments during different stages of cyst formation in the CPK mouse. PMID- 3153335 TI - Response of circulating immune complexes to food challenge in relapsing IgA nephropathy. AB - The response of circulating immune complexes (CIC) to food challenge was assessed in 15 subjects with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and recurrent macroscopic haematuria. CIC were measured by solid-phase C1q binding assay (SP-C1q), immunoglobulin class specific polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation assays (PEG-G, PEG-A, PEG-M) and by an antigen (ovalbumin)-specific radioimmunoassay after acid dissociation (OA IC). CIC were measured when the subjects were fasting and hourly for 6 h after a test meal containing eggs. All 15 subjects were tested while clinically quiescent (remission) and 6 were tested again during episodes of macroscopic haematuria (relapse). The PEG-A CIC response to food challenge was significantly exaggerated in IgAN remission compared with controls at 3-6 h after food. There were also non significant increases in PEG-G, though not in PEG-M. Paired data showed further exaggeration of PEG-G, PEG-A and PEG-M responses to food during IgAN relapse, but significance was not attained if the findings in 1 subject were separated. In this individual a florid clinical relapse with transient decline in renal function was associated with very high levels of PEG-IC, and only in this patient in relapse was OA-IC detectable, confirming that some PEG-precipitated material represented antigen-antibody complexes containing food antigen. PMID- 3153337 TI - Unexpected seizures during hemodialysis. Effect of dialysate prescription. AB - To assess the effects of the dialysate prescription on the intradialytic neurological stability of children requiring chronic hemodialysis (HD), continuous EEG monitoring (CEM) was performed on five children before, during and after HD against: (1) low sodium acetate (LAc: Na 132 mEq/l, acetate 38 mEq/l); (2) high sodium acetate (HAc: Na 144 mEq/l, acetate 41 mEq/l), and (3) low sodium bicarbonate (LBi: Na 133 mEq/l, bicarbonate 35 mEq/l) dialysate. Three children, two with clinically well-controlled seizure disorders and one with no seizure history, exhibited subclinical seizures on LAc and HAc but improved neurological stability on LBi. Two children had essentially unchanged CEM studies on any HD regimen. Symptoms of disequilibrium were noted in four of the five children on LAc, two of the five on HAc and only one of the five on LBi. The data suggest that bicarbonate HD may enhance intradialytic neurological stability, particularly in children with known seizure disorders. Furthermore, CEM was found to be a useful tool for evaluating the neurological stability of children during HD. PMID- 3153338 TI - Rapid correction of acute salt poisoning by peritoneal dialysis. AB - A 12-month-old girl with end-stage renal disease secondary to primary oxalosis was erroneously given an overdose of sodium chloride (400 mEq NaCl over 12 h) to treat hyponatremia. She became lethargic and hypotonic with signs of intracellular dehydration, and laboratory values revealed severe hypernatremia and hyperchloremia. Since hypernatremia was acute and development of intracellular idiogenic osmoles was presumably minimal, serum sodium was lowered rapidly over 14 h by hourly peritoneal dialysis using a commercial dialysate. This method of treatment proved to be safe and the patient survived without any short or long-term neurological sequelae. PMID- 3153339 TI - Transient glucose intolerance associated with the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. AB - A 3-year-old girl developed glucose intolerance during treatment with peritoneal dialysis for haemolytic-uraemic syndrome and became insulin dependent for almost a month. Diabetes mellitus in this condition is a rare but potentially serious complication which should be sought by regular blood sugar measurement during the acute stage of the illness. PMID- 3153340 TI - Hereditary partial deficiency of the third component of complement associated with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. AB - We describe a 10 year old patient admitted to the Children's Hospital of Buffalo with hypocomplementemia associated with steroid responsive minimal change nephrotic syndrome. The sibling also had a low serum C3 concentration and all family members studied had C3 slow phenotypes. Factor I levels were at the lower limit of normal in the patient and his brother. Functional assays for CH50, total hemolytic C3 and serum concentration of C2, C4-C9 and factors B and H were all within normal limits. This case confirms that a depressed serum complement level can occur in minimal change nephrotic syndrome and indicates that this depression could represent a preexisting inherited rather than an acquired deficiency. The findings are consistent with the presence of a null or hypomorphic C3 slow allele in hypocomplementemic family members. Additional studies are needed to resolve the association between the inherited partial C3 deficiency and minimal change nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3153341 TI - Paediatric cadaveric renal transplantation. Initial experience with a triple therapy immunosuppressive regimen. AB - Since June 1985 ten consecutive paediatric cadaveric renal transplant recipients (aged from 7 to 15 years) have been studied prospectively to evaluate a triple immunosuppressive regime of low-dose cyclosporin A (CyA), azathioprine (AZA) and prednisolone (PNL) with the aim of eliminating PNL from the regime within 6 months. Follow-up has been over 6-18 months. Patient and graft survival are both 100%. Median (range) serum creatinine values at 6 months were 0.09 (0.05-0.14) mmol/l (n = 10) and 0.09 (0.06-0.16) mmol/l (n = 5) at 12 months. Readily reversible acute rejection episodes occurred in five patients (50%); two of these episodes occurred soon after cessation of PNL. Six months post-transplantation, PNL had been discontinued in six patients (60%). After 12 months, three of five patients were still not receiving PNL. Complications included hypertension (seven patients), cytomegaloviral infections (three patients), labial herpes simplex (one patient), leucopenia (two patients), marked hirsutism (four patients) and transient CyA nephrotoxicity (one patient). Following transplantation, all children had growth velocities greater than 5 cm/year and seven have growth patterns which suggest that "catch-up growth" may be occurring. This preliminary study shows that a triple immunosuppressive regime of low-dose CyA, AZA and PNL allows excellent patient survival, graft survival and graft function and has been associated with few complications, including a low incidence of CyA nephrotoxicity. Growth rates are very encouraging and in a high proportion of children it has been possible to discontinue PNL completely. PMID- 3153342 TI - The inflammatory response and tissue damage. The example of renal scars following acute renal infection. AB - Most clinical and experimental evidence suggests that renal scarring occurs following urinary tract infections in those patients with an abnormality of the urinary tract or kidney function. Experimentally, bacterial multiplication within the kidney occurs only in the presence of obstruction, leading rapidly to acute exudative pyelonephritis and invariably to kidney scars within weeks. Various manipulations of the bacterial load and/or of the inflammatory response during acute pyelonephritis have demonstrated that the inflammatory processes, not the bacterial component of pyelonephritis, are responsible for permanent renal tissue damage. Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNLs) infiltrating the kidney tissue during acute pyelonephritis appear to release metabolites that are toxic to the parenchyma. Indeed, both the prevention of PMNL influx into renal tissue, by means of colchicine or cyclophosphamide, and the inactivation of some of their toxic metabolites, by means of dapsone, have led to the prevention of tissue damage and kidney scars. However, the most potent protective activity was observed with early antibiotic treatment, which stopped bacterial multiplication and prevented the early influx of PMNLs, thus preventing tissue damage and scar formation. Similar observations have been made in children with acute pyelonephritic episodes, in whom early and aggressive antibiotic treatment prevented subsequent kidney scars, while delayed treatment did not. PMID- 3153343 TI - Host parasite interaction in urinary tract infection. AB - The last decade has provided new insight into the mechanisms of host-parasite interactions in the urinary tract. Reduction of host resistance appears to reduce the requirement for bacterial virulence, whereas the resistant host becomes infected with bacteria of high virulence. In the resistant host, bacterial virulence can be defined as the sum of properties required to colonize the urinary tract and induce tissue reactions. The ability to attach to uroepithelial cells is the single property most frequently associated with pyelonephritogenic clones. Attachment to the Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta-containing receptors promotes localization of bacteria to the kidney and the induction of lipopolysaccharide mediated inflammation. Other virulence factors, defined by increased frequency in acute pyelonephritis compared with asymptomatic bacteriuria, include haemolysin and aerobactin production. Among the factors which influence the natural resistance to urinary tract infection are urinary flow and reactivity to endotoxin. The resistance induced by natural exposure to infection or immunization may be protective in experimental models, but the importance of this is not yet defined. The localization, severity and sequelae of urinary tract infection are determined by the balance between bacterial virulence and host resistance. Although disease is a result of the interaction between bacterial virulence and host resistance, these components are discussed separately for clarity. PMID- 3153344 TI - The small scarred kidney of childhood. A congenital or an acquired lesion? AB - The vast majority of small segmentally scarred kidneys seen in childhood are now recognised to be associated with vesicoureteric reflux and the term "reflux nephropathy" has been accorded general recognition as a description of this renal lesion. With regard to the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the scarring process, the possible roles of intrauterine renal maldevelopment, bladder dysfunction, functional urinary obstruction and infection in relation to vesicoureteric reflux and the associated phenomenon of intrarenal reflux must all be considered. It is probable that in different clinical circumstances all of these factors may be important to varying degrees and discussion of their contributions to the spectrum of reflex nephropathy is the basis of this communication. PMID- 3153345 TI - Vesico-uretero-renal reflux and the kidney. AB - The most frequent complications of non-obstructive vesico-uretero-renal reflux (VUR) are segmental renal scars. These scars are confined to segments with intrarenal reflux which are, in addition, exposed to bacterial infection. Primarily, only gaping collecting duct orifices, confined to compound papillae and mainly situated at the kidney poles, allow intrarenal reflux. Scar contraction and obstruction seem to be able to transform closed collecting duct orifices into gaping ones, thereby enlarging the parenchymal area prone to intrarenal reflux and to renal scarring. Contrary to earlier reports, a recent survey has documented that new scars in children develop with significant frequency beyond 5 years of age. There is a greater tendency for scarring to develop with more severe VUR, but new renal scars can develop with all grades of VUR. Early and adequate antibiotic treatment decreases the extent of scarring. The results of experimental studies in which renal scarring developed in piglets with bladder decompensation resulting from intravesical obstruction but without bacterial infection may be relevant to the few children with proximal urethral valves and hypertonic neurogenic bladders but not to the large number with non neurogenic detrusor instability or detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. Prospective studies have not shown different recurrence rates of urinary tract infections in medically managed compared with surgically managed children. The frequency of acute pyelonephritic attacks decreased significantly after operation. PMID- 3153346 TI - Management of children with unobstructed urinary tract infection. AB - There are two major considerations when taking care of children with urinary tract infection (UTI): firstly to prevent renal damage and secondly to relieve symptoms. A distinction should always be made between these two aims, since they often concern separate populations that may need different treatment and follow up strategies. Acute pyelonephritis is a common disorder of infancy and early childhood which is easily overlooked. In all infants and children in whom the cause of fever is not apparent and in all those failing to thrive, urine should be examined by dip slide culture and by an estimation of leucocyte content. With adequate care the immediate and long-term prognosis of acute pyelonephritis is excellent. Thus prevention of kidney damage is mainly a matter of putting existing knowledge into practice. Uncomplicated recurrent lower UTI involves a low risk of renal damage. Short courses of antibiotic treatment easily eradicate most such infections but have no effect on the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to recurrence. Single-dose therapy should be considered in such instances. Long-term antibiotic prophylaxis is mainly indicated in children with a high risk of renal scarring. Treatment is not recommended for children with asymptomatic bacteriuria. PMID- 3153348 TI - Childhood renal diseases in Korea. A clinicopathological study of 657 cases. AB - Between June 1975 and March 1987, 662 renal biopsies were performed in 657 children at Seoul National University Children's Hospital. Nephrotic syndrome was the most indication for renal biopsy and accounted for 62% of all cases. Of these, 57% showed minimal change lesions and 21% showed focal segmental glomerular sclerosis. Nephropathy, associated with Australia-antigen-positive hepatitis, was the most prominent cause of secondary nephrotic syndrome, and of these patients membranous nephropathy was found in 86%. Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis was found in 60% of patients with acute nephritic syndrome. Fifty-eight percent of children with haematuria were found to have either IgA nephropathy or Henoch-Schonlein nephritis. Fifteen children with acute renal failure were biopsied, 2 of whom had haemorrhagic fever. PMID- 3153347 TI - Regulation of renal phosphate reabsorption: concepts in evolution. PMID- 3153349 TI - Clinical quiz. Bartter's syndrome. PMID- 3153350 TI - Clinicopathological quiz. De novo membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). PMID- 3153351 TI - [The demands of a medical text]. PMID- 3153352 TI - [Indication for antibiotic prophylaxis in elective biliary surgery based on the peroperative microscopic examination of the bile]. PMID- 3153353 TI - [Plasma levels of prolactin in women with dysplasia and tumors of the breast (fibroadenoma and carcinoma of the breast)]. PMID- 3153355 TI - [Treatment of hemorrhoids using elastic ligation]. PMID- 3153354 TI - [Cystomanometry in urinary retention after rectal excision for cancer]. PMID- 3153356 TI - [Effectiveness of cyclosporin in experimental pancreas transplant]. PMID- 3153357 TI - [Experimental heart transplant after 24 hours of in vitro preservation]. PMID- 3153358 TI - [Treatment of eventrations using alloplastic material]. PMID- 3153359 TI - [Tumor calcinosis of the antero-external compartment of the leg]. PMID- 3153360 TI - [Cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas]. PMID- 3153361 TI - [Giant focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver]. PMID- 3153363 TI - [Absence of formation of circulating immunocomplexes induced by surgical intervention]. PMID- 3153362 TI - [A comparative study of clindamycin and tobramycin versus cefoxitin for antibiotic prophylaxis in acute appendicitis]. PMID- 3153364 TI - [Retrovesical leiomyoma]. PMID- 3153365 TI - [Aneurysm of the extracranial internal carotid caused by myxoid degeneration of the middle layer]. PMID- 3153366 TI - [The general surgeon and the regional hospital]. PMID- 3153367 TI - [Prostaglandin E1 in the treatment of chronic advanced ischemia of the legs before amputation. Mid-term results]. PMID- 3153368 TI - [Iatrogenic lesions of the common bile duct]. PMID- 3153369 TI - [Antibiotic prophylaxis in appendiceal surgery. A prospective and comparative study of cefoxitin and a combination of clindamycin and gentamycin]. PMID- 3153370 TI - [Wound infection in abdominal surgery. Influence of mezlocillin]. PMID- 3153372 TI - [Congenital aganglionic megacolon]. PMID- 3153371 TI - [Surgery of cancer of the colon and rectum. Review of 210 cases]. PMID- 3153373 TI - [Surgical correction of interauricular communication in adults]. PMID- 3153375 TI - [Reflux esophagitis, barrett esophagus and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus]. PMID- 3153374 TI - [The combined application of manometric strain gauge plethysmography and photoplethysmography for the study of the venous system of the legs]. PMID- 3153376 TI - [Antibiotic prophylaxis in gastroduodenal, colorectal, appendiceal and biliary surgery]. PMID- 3153377 TI - [Acute ischemic cholecystitis as a complication in critically ill patients]. PMID- 3153378 TI - [Hurthle cell tumor of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 3153379 TI - [Results of latero-lateral choledochoduodenostomy in elderly patients with benign pathology of the common bile duct]. PMID- 3153380 TI - [Changes in insulin release after intestinal resection. An experimental study]. PMID- 3153381 TI - [Hepatocellular transplant in rats with acute hepatic failure. A comparative study in different locations of implantation]. PMID- 3153382 TI - [Vascular anastomosis in femoral artery of a dog using an approximator double clamp]. PMID- 3153383 TI - [Microsurgical techniques in orthotopic renal transplant in rats]. PMID- 3153384 TI - [Gastrointestinal perforation associated with large subcutaneous emphysema]. PMID- 3153385 TI - [Appendiceal hydatidosis and acute appendicitis]. PMID- 3153387 TI - [Subjects and disciplines: redoubts restraining renovation in medical teaching]. PMID- 3153386 TI - [Benign schwannoma of the pancreas]. PMID- 3153388 TI - [Current status of diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 3153390 TI - [Acute arterial obstruction of thrombotic origin. Presentation of 875 cases]. PMID- 3153391 TI - [Fournier's gangrene]. PMID- 3153392 TI - [Surgical repair of tendons. A comparative experimental study using elastometry of various techniques]. PMID- 3153389 TI - [Splenic cysts]. PMID- 3153393 TI - [Peroperative complications in orthotopic liver transplant in pigs]. PMID- 3153394 TI - [Mucinous cystadenoma of the pancreas]. PMID- 3153395 TI - [Secondary tumors in the testis]. PMID- 3153396 TI - [Salpingitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and peri-appendicitis]. PMID- 3153397 TI - [One high risk of the techniques of biliary calculi fragmentation is a fragmentary vision of its therapeutic use]. PMID- 3153398 TI - [Intestinal invagination in adults]. PMID- 3153399 TI - [Primary lymphoma of the stomach]. PMID- 3153400 TI - [Chronic subdural hematoma]. PMID- 3153401 TI - [Pilonidal cyst. Results of 4 modalities of treatment of the resulting excision wound]. PMID- 3153402 TI - [Gastric tumor of muscular origin]. PMID- 3153403 TI - [Revascularization of an ischemic limb: its effect on evoked potentials]. PMID- 3153404 TI - [Experimental study of the effects of electromicrosurgical section versus microscissor section in the uterus of rats]. PMID- 3153405 TI - [Hydatid cyst of the fourth ventricle]. PMID- 3153406 TI - [Temporary extracorporeal support of the right ventricle after cardiac surgery]. PMID- 3153408 TI - [Gastric volvulus in childhood]. PMID- 3153407 TI - [Appendiceal diverticulitis]. PMID- 3153409 TI - [General aspects of the training of residents in surgery in Spain]. PMID- 3153410 TI - [Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder]. PMID- 3153411 TI - [Surgery of lung metastasis. Prognosis factors]. PMID- 3153413 TI - [Surgical treatment of thymoma. Results in 19 cases]. PMID- 3153412 TI - [Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Long-term results]. PMID- 3153414 TI - [Evaluation of appendectomy as surgical procedure for residents]. PMID- 3153415 TI - [Anatomic principles of indications and techniques of hepatic resection]. PMID- 3153416 TI - [Early postoperative complications in orthotopic liver transplant in pigs: portal hypertension and stasis liver]. PMID- 3153417 TI - [Intraluminal prosthesis in the surgical treatment of aortic pathology]. PMID- 3153418 TI - [Oxygen free radicals and organ transplants]. PMID- 3153419 TI - [Epidermoid cyst of the spleen]. PMID- 3153420 TI - Advances in pediatric dermatology. PMID- 3153421 TI - Pigmented nevi. PMID- 3153422 TI - Fetoscopy and fetal skin biopsy for prenatal diagnosis of genetic skin disorders. PMID- 3153423 TI - Major autosomal recessive ichthyoses. PMID- 3153424 TI - Atopic dermatitis. PMID- 3153425 TI - Psoriasis. PMID- 3153426 TI - Viral redskins. PMID- 3153427 TI - Chronic bullous disease of childhood. PMID- 3153428 TI - Neonatal lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3153429 TI - Nail abnormalities. PMID- 3153430 TI - Congenital vascular lesions. PMID- 3153431 TI - Pemphigoid 'herpes' gestationis. PMID- 3153433 TI - Dermatitis herpetiformis. PMID- 3153432 TI - Review and update of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. PMID- 3153434 TI - The clinical significance of Ro (SS-A) and La (SS-B) antibodies in lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3153435 TI - Immunologic aspects of cutaneous vasculitis. PMID- 3153437 TI - Immunologic features of atopic dermatitis. PMID- 3153438 TI - Role of Langerhans cells in cutaneous immunologic processes. PMID- 3153436 TI - Cutaneous expression of graft-v-host disease in man. PMID- 3153439 TI - Immunodermatology. PMID- 3153441 TI - Diagnosis and management of bullous diseases. PMID- 3153440 TI - Bullous pemphigoid. PMID- 3153442 TI - Reevaluation of routine histology in the diagnosis of blistering diseases. PMID- 3153443 TI - New immunologic techniques for the fine diagnosis of blistering diseases. AB - In summary, the newer immunologic methods discussed in this paper have proven useful for advancing our understanding of disease pathogenesis in several epidermal and subepidermal blistering diseases of the skin. The antigenic targets for various autoantibodies have been defined and their biochemical nature determined. In addition, these methods are helpful in making a firm diagnosis of a given blistering disease whenever there is any doubt. Moreover, this diagnosis will rest upon an objective biochemical parameter. This has helped us to understand the distinctions between diseases that may appear clinically similar and yet be quite different in biochemical nature. PMID- 3153444 TI - Plasmapheresis therapy of pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid. AB - Trials of plasmapheresis or plasma exchange (PE) in pemphigus and pemphigoid have been justified by the well demonstrated role of autoantibodies and the side effects of conventional therapy with high doses of steroids. Most open studies reported effectiveness of PE, mainly in steroid-resistant cases. However, a controlled study showed no benefit from PE in pemphigus when associated with a low steroid dose. This study points to the difficulty of removing pemphigus antibody unless PE is accompanied by strong immunosuppression. Encouraging preliminary results have been obtained by synchronizing PE and bolus high doses of cyclophosphamide. Until confirmation of these results, steroids will remain the principal from of immunosuppressive therapy in pemphigus, and the clinical usefulness of PE in this disease will be restricted to the management of cases resistant to high steroid doses. On the other hand, a controlled study of PE in bullous pemphigoid demonstrated a dramatic steroid-sparing effect, whether patients had serum autoantibodies or not, suggesting that PE may act by mechanisms other than the removal of antibodies from serum. PMID- 3153445 TI - Dapsone therapy of cicatricial pemphigoid. AB - Dapsone and the related sulfapyridine have been valuable therapeutic agents in many inflammatory disease states although the exact mechanism of action remains unclear. In patients with mild CP or the localized (gingival or ocular) variants, dapsone has been shown to be a relatively safe, first drug of choice in therapy before commencing treatment with systemic corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressive agents. In patients with extensive, severe, or rapidly progressive CP, initial therapy with corticosteroids in a dose of 1 to 2 mg/kg/d of prednisone plus immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine or cyclophosphamide in a dose of 2 to 3 mg/kg/d are recommended. PMID- 3153447 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. PMID- 3153448 TI - Evolving concept of IgA linear dermatosis. PMID- 3153449 TI - Pruritus, neuropeptides, and cutaneous sensory innervation. PMID- 3153446 TI - Fine points in the management of dermatitis herpetiformis. PMID- 3153450 TI - Pruritus. PMID- 3153452 TI - Multiple peptides in cutaneous nerves: regulators under physiological conditions and a pathogenetic role in skin disease? PMID- 3153451 TI - Cutaneous sensory nerves. PMID- 3153453 TI - Aquagenic pruritus. PMID- 3153455 TI - Ig structure and idiotypic expression. PMID- 3153454 TI - Identification of a biochemical marker for the secretory pathway in Tetrahymena thermophila. AB - Tetrahymena thermophila is a ciliated protozoan studied by investigators from a wide range of disciplines as a model system for a variety of specialized eukaryotic cell functions. The proteinaceous secretory products of T thermophila have been isolated and characterized and in this study we identify the major secretory product, a 34,000 Mr polypeptide, and use an antiserum prepared against this secretory protein to (1) demonstrate that this 34,000 Mr polypeptide is truly a secreted protein in Tetrahymena and (2) monitor the synthesis and transport of this protein by indirect immunofluorescence and light microscopy during mucocyst biogenesis. PMID- 3153456 TI - Perspectives on antigenicity and idiotypy. AB - The recent crystal determination of a lysozyme-antilysozyme complex provides a three-dimensional prototype of the manner in which contacts in idiotype-anti idiotype interactions may be realized. Such interactions can be approximated by two complementary "flat" surfaces. Each IDR (autoantigenic locus) location might provide a particular recognition feature between two interacting partners. The combinatorial manner in which IDR domains are recognized by anti-idiotypic antibodies describe the repertoire of private and public (crossreactive) idiotopes of an antibody. Several interesting features emerge from consideration of the Ab contact residues in the crystal structure. First, framework residues are implicated in contacting the antigen: Thr 30 (FR1) of the heavy chain and Tyr 49 (FR2) of the kappa light chain. Both of these residues lie within predicted IDRs. Framework regions have recently been suggested to be involved in several anti-idiotypic systems, although such regions have, in the past, been disregarded based solely upon sequence analysis. The surface variability analysis, which identifies the repertoire of complementary interacting surfaces, depicts the immunoglobulin as having more variability than generally thought. This variability may also extend to T cell receptors since T cell chains express an extensive surface variable repertoire similar to that of the immunoglobulin light chains (Kieber-Emmons and Kohler, unpublished). Second, the D region plays a critical role in the generation of the antilysozyme combining sites. Similarly, the D segment makes up the largest component of an IDR. Third, while the CDR3 of the heavy chain contributes most to the antibody-lysozyme complex it is not the most surface-exposed (see Novotny, this issue). Nevertheless, surface variability analysis indicates that this region is generally immunodominant which is also observed experimentally. Together, these results indicate that perhaps certain IDR regions are intrinsically more antigenic. Idiotypic structures must be accessible for antibody recognition and binding. From a structural viewpoint, a single antibody molecule has a continuum or several different combining sites. Subsequently, a single residue can be contained in several overlapping idiotypic determinants. Surface variability analysis suggests that the hypervariable regions of Igs provide a diverse idiotope repertoire that can be utilized for binding. Monoclonal antibodies have been shown to have multiple specificities and this capacity for multiple binding is also intrinsic to the definitions that have emerged for anti-idiotypic antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3153457 TI - Immunoglobulin structural diversities and idiotypic expression. PMID- 3153458 TI - The use of defined peptides in characterizing idiotypes. AB - The structural correlates of idiotypes have been sought in several antibody systems. The cumulative results suggest that the hypervariable regions (or complementarity-determining regions) of the heavy and light chains are the structural basis of idiotypes. However, in most cases, it is exceedingly difficult to associate a particular idiotypic determinant with a specific amino acid sequence. Recently, synthetic peptides were used to induce antibodies specific for predefined determinants in intact proteins. These findings led us and others to use synthetic peptides corresponding to the hypervariable regions/complementarity-determining regions to induce anti-idiotypes. These novel anti-idiotypic antibodies are easy to prepare, and are ideal reagents for structural and genetic studies of antibody responses. PMID- 3153459 TI - Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid cloning of bovine transforming growth factor beta 1. AB - Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF beta 1) has been purified from a number of different sources and has a broad species specificity. To deduce the complete amino acid sequence of bovine TGF beta 1 we have isolated cDNA clones encoding the protein from a bovine fibropapilloma library using a human cDNA probe. Sequence analysis of two independent cDNA clones revealed that the 112 amino acids corresponding to bovine TGF beta 1 are identical to those of the human and porcine proteins. This unusually high degree of conservation in the primary structure of the human and bovine proteins reflects the strong evolutionary constraints for maintenance of structure and function of the molecule. As in the human, murine, and porcine systems, the mature form of TGF beta 1 is derived by proteolytic cleavage of a larger precursor. Small differences in amino acid sequence were observed in the portion of the precursor that does not include mature TGF beta 1, although 92% of the residues are still conserved. A 2.25 kilobase (kb) mRNA was identified in total bovine wart and bone RNA, whereas no message was detected in polyadenylated spleen or brain RNA. In addition to the major 2.25 kb message, we observed a 1.9 kb transcript in poly(A+) RNA from wart tissue. PMID- 3153460 TI - Studies on the promoter region of the c-Ha-ras gene in FRTL5 rat thyroid cells. AB - The functional activity of the promoter region of the rat c-Ha-ras gene was examined in FRTL5 rat thyroid cells, the cell type from which this promoter was cloned. A plasmid (p035-ras-CAT) was constructed containing the untranslated-1 exon as well as 172 base pairs (bp)5' to this exon inserted upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene. These 172 bp of 5' flanking region contain two 10 bp GC box consensus sites and two CAAT boxes. Very weak promoter activity was observed in experiments involving transient transfection of FRTL5 cells with this plasmid, as well as with another plasmid (p5kb-ras-CAT) containing a much more extensive (3.5 kb) 5'-flanking region of the gene. In contrast, strong promoter activity was observed when the same plasmids were transfected into mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. When other promoters (pfos, RSV, and MMTV) were used to drive CAT activity, CAT activity in FRTL5 cells was about 10-fold less than in NIH-3T3 cells and rat embryo fibroblasts. However c-Ha ras promoter activity was reduced out of proportion in FRTL5 thyroid cells relative to the other cell types (approximately 50-fold less). DNA gel-shift assays performed using crude extracts of FRTL5 and 3T3 nuclear proteins revealed quantitatively similar binding to the same promoter region in the c-Ha-ras 5' flanking sequence. These data demonstrate that promoter activity of the rat c-Ha ras gene is contained within the 172 bp 5'-flanking region of the gene. This promoter activity is expressed at a much lower level in slow-growing FRTL5 cells relative to other more rapidly growing cell types. PMID- 3153461 TI - Molecular cloning and expression of mouse placental lactogen I complementary deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - The mouse midpregnancy lactogen or placental lactogen I (mPL-I) is encoded by a 1.0-kilobase mRNA that appears transiently during gestation, with maximal amounts accumulating in the placenta at day 10 of pregnancy. Several cDNA clones for mPL I have been isolated from a lambda gt11 expression library constructed from day 10-placental RNA. The cDNA sequence indicates that mPL-I is synthesized as a 224 amino acid precursor, and is secreted as a 194 amino acid glycosylated hormone. The deduced amino acid sequence of mPL-I is highly homologous to the known members of the PRL family in the mouse, and hybridization analysis indicates that the mouse genome contains several mPL-I genes. Introduction of the mPL-I cDNA in an expression vector into cultured mouse cells results in the synthesis and secretion of glycosylated mPL-I protein that is recognized by anti-mPL-I antiserum and is biologically active. PMID- 3153462 TI - Structure of the precursor to an enzyme mediating COOH-terminal amidation in peptide biosynthesis. AB - Many bioactive peptides terminate with an amino acid alpha-amide at their COOH terminus. The enzyme responsible for this essential posttranslational modification is known as peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase or PAM. We identified cDNAs encoding the enzyme by using antibodies to screen a bovine intermediate pituitary lambda gt11 expression library. Antibodies to a beta galactosidase/PAM fusion protein removed PAM activity from bovine pituitary homogenates. The 108,207 dalton protein predicted by the complete cDNA is approximately twice the size of purified PAM. An NH2-terminal signal sequence and short propeptide precede the NH2 terminus of purified PAM. The sequences of several PAM cyanogen bromide peptides were localized in the NH2-terminal half of the predicted protein. The cDNA encodes an additional 430 amino acid intragranular domain followed by a putative membrane spanning domain and a hydrophilic cytoplasmic domain. The forms of PAM purified from bovine neurointermediate pituitary may be generated by endoproteolytic cleavage at a subset of the 10 pairs of basic amino acids in the precursor. High levels of PAM mRNA were found in bovine pituitary and cerebral cortex. In corticotropic tumor cells, levels of PAM mRNA and pro-ACTH/endorphin mRNA were regulated in parallel by glucocorticoids and CRF. PMID- 3153463 TI - Structure-function properties of the chicken progesterone receptor A synthesized from complementary deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - The chicken progesterone receptor (PR) cDNA has been cloned and sequenced in our laboratory. Functional receptor A was synthesized from cDNA in two independent systems, by transient transfection of receptor-negative COS M6 cells and by in vitro transcription and translation. These receptors exhibited DNA and hormone binding properties similar to the native PR from oviduct. The ability of receptor to induce target gene transcription was measured by cotransfection of receptor negative CV-1 cells with expression vectors containing the receptor A cDNA and a progesterone-inducible promotor linked to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene. In these assays, receptor A produced hormone-dependent induction of CAT activity. In order to define the functional domains of receptor A, expression constructs coding for C-terminal deletion proteins were prepared. Deletion of the C-terminus resulted in loss of hormone binding activity as well as a loss of CAT induction. However, when 290 amino acids were removed from the C-terminus, this severely truncated receptor protein produced hormone-independent target gene activation. Mutant receptor proteins which retained the highly conserved cysteine rich (C1) region were able to bind to DNA-cellulose, although removal of 290 amino acids from the C-terminus resulted in reduced affinity for DNA. Deletion of part or all of the C1 region resulted in loss of both DNA-binding and transcriptional activation capacities. These results confirm that C1 functions in DNA binding and transcriptional activation and that hormone binding activity can be localized to the C-terminal half of the protein. PMID- 3153464 TI - Domains of the glucocorticoid receptor involved in specific and nonspecific deoxyribonucleic acid binding, hormone activation, and transcriptional enhancement. AB - We have analyzed the domain structure of the mouse glucocorticoid receptor by expression of in vitro mutated receptor in COS-7 cells. The receptor consists of a core domain rich in Cys, Lys, and Arg amino acids which can bind specific DNA sequences (glucocorticoid response elements) and activate transcription. The activity of this centrally located domain is modulated by the activity of the other two domains. The N-terminal domain of the receptor plays a role in decreasing nonspecific DNA binding and may therefore improve the ability of the protein to discriminate between specific and nonspecific DNA binding sites. This activity maps to a small, highly acidic region of the N-terminal domain. The C terminal domain of the receptor contains the glucocorticoid binding site and in addition represses the transcriptional activity of the receptor in the absence of hormone. Hormone binding relieves the repression allowing transcription activation. The C-terminal domain contains a short sequence conserved among steroid receptors; its deletion yields a receptor that activates transcription in the absence of hormone. PMID- 3153465 TI - Structural characterization of follistatin: a novel follicle-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting polypeptide from the gonad. AB - Follistatin, a novel, single chain, glycosylated polypeptide bearing no homology with previously characterized inhibins but exhibiting potent and specific pituitary FSH-release inhibition has been structurally characterized by protein microsequencing, cDNA cloning, and DNA sequencing. Two populations of clones differing in their 3'-untranslated sequences were found to encode a 344 amino acid precursor protein and an identical but carboxyl terminal truncated 317 amino acid precursor, respectively. Additionally, one clone, FS18, contained two introns and probably resulted from reverse transcription of heterogeneous nuclear RNA during cDNA library construction. Follistatin is unusually cysteine-rich, containing 36 cysteines in the mature coding sequence of 315 amino acids and an extremely acidic carboxyl terminal region, FS(292-304), comprised of Glu-Asp-Thr Glu-Glu-Glu-Glu-Glu-Asp-Glu-Asp-Gln-Asp which probably resides outside a tightly cross-linked protein sphere. The heparin-binding ability of follistatin can probably be ascribed to the basic region specified by FS(75-86), Lys-Lys-Cys-Arg Met-Asn-Lys-Lys-Asn-Lys. Overall, follistatin is organized into three homologous domains, FS(66-135), FS(139-210), and FS(216-287) containing 70, 72, and 72 amino acids, respectively, which show a 52% homology among themselves and a 57% homology with the 56 amino acid human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor protein when aligned for maximum homology. PMID- 3153467 TI - On the nomenclature of the somatomedins and insulin-like growth factors. PMID- 3153466 TI - Molecular cloning of the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid for human thyroid peroxidase. AB - Five overlapping cDNA clones representing the entire mRNA for human thyroid peroxidase (TPO) have been isolated from a human Graves' thyroid cDNA library. The cDNA sequence has been determined. Human TPO cDNA contains 3060 bases from the start of transcription to the beginning of the poly (A) tail at the 3'-end. The derived amino acid sequence of human TPO consists of 933 amino acids with a mol wt of 102,937. The derived amino acid sequence contains five potential glycosylation sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr), a probable transmembrane signal peptide sequence at the amino terminus, and a hydrophobic putative membrane-spanning region beginning 85 amino acid residues from the carboxyl terminal end. Comparison of the human TPO amino acid sequence to that of pig TPO shows strong homology extending from the amino terminus to within 44 amino acid residues of the carboxyl-terminus. PMID- 3153468 TI - Glucocorticoid regulation of transcription of the c-myc cellular protooncogene in P1798 cells. AB - Glucocorticoids regulate proliferation of lymphosarcoma P1798 in culture. Treatment with dexamethasone caused a redistribution of cells with respect to the cell cycle. A decrease in cells in S and G2 + M phases was observed. This was accompanied by a corresponding increase in G1 cells. Growth arrest was preceded by a rapid and precipitous decrease in the expression of the cellular c-myc gene. Restriction analysis of the c-myc gene indicated that this locus was neither amplified nor grossly rearranged in P1798 cells. Glucocorticoids caused a decrease in the abundance of c-myc mRNA. After 24 h in 0.1 microM dexamethasone, c-myc mRNA levels declined to less than 5% of control. Fifty percent inhibition occurred within 90 min. The effects of dexamethasone were completely reversible. The amount of c-myc mRNA returned to control levels within 4 h after withdrawal of the hormone. Nuclear run-on transcription analysis indicated that glucocorticoids regulate transcription of the c-myc gene in P1798 cells. Transcription of exons I and II was inhibited to the same extent, suggesting that glucocorticoids inhibit initiation of transcription. Inhibition of transcription may account for decreased expression of c-myc which may, in turn, account for the antiproliferative effects of the hormone. PMID- 3153469 TI - Demonstration that the 90-kilodalton heat shock protein is bound to the glucocorticoid receptor in its 9S nondeoxynucleic acid binding form. AB - The 9S molybdate-stabilized form of the glucocorticoid receptor of mouse L cell lysates was immunoadsorbed to protein-A-Sepharose with antiserum directed against the 89-kilodalton chicken heat shock protein (anti-hsp89). In order to achieve this, "free" (nonreceptor associated) hsp90 was first separated from the molybdate-stabilized 9S receptor by sucrose gradient sedimentation. Incubation of the 9S [3H]triamcinolone acetonide-labeled receptor peak with anti-hsp89 results in the immune-specific adsorption of 20% of the specifically bound radioactivity and adsorption of the 100-kilodalton receptor protein, as detected by Western blotting, using the GR49 antireceptor monoclonal antibody as probe. These observations provide the only direct proof that hsp90 is a component of the 9S form of a steroid receptor. PMID- 3153470 TI - Detection of luteinizing hormone beta messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) in individual gonadotropes after castration: use of a new in situ hybridization method with a photobiotinylated complementary RNA probe. AB - Patterns of gonadotropin storage in individual gonadotropes change with alterations in the physiological state. After castration in the male rat, there is a 2.5-fold increase in the percentage of gonadotropes and an increase in the proportion of gonadotropes storing both LH and FSH. In addition, there are 6- to 8-fold increases in the pituitary concentrations of LH beta subunit mRNAs. In order to determine whether these changes are due to increases in the number of gonadotropes containing subunit mRNA, or the amount of mRNA per cell or both, an in situ hybridization technique using a photobiotinylated rat LH beta cRNA probe (bio-LH beta-cRNA) was applied to detect LH beta mRNA in fixed whole rat pituitary cells from intact or castrated rats. After hybridization, the bio-LH beta-cRNA was localized with either avidin-biotin peroxidase complex or the fluorescent streptavidin phycoprobe methods. The cells containing LH beta mRNA were then counted and the amount of mRNA per cell was measured by video microdensitometry. Ten percent of the anterior pituitary cells from intact animals contained LH beta mRNA. After castration (2-4 weeks) this percentage rose to 19-24.5%. Image and microdensitometric analyses showed that castration produced a 1.9-fold increase in the amount of LH beta mRNA per cell, and a 2.2 fold increase in the area of cells containing LH beta mRNA. Hence, castration resulted in an increase in the level of LH beta mRNA per cell as well as the number of LH beta mRNA-containing cells. When in situ hybridization was followed by immunocytochemistry in cells from intact rats, 83% of gonadotropes that stained for LH beta and 80% of gonadotropes that stained for FSH beta contained LH beta mRNA whereas after castration 99% of LH-storing and 93% of FSH-storing cells contained LH beta mRNA. This new in situ hybridization protocol is rapid and allows quantification of mRNA within individual gonadotropes. In addition, since the hybridization protocol does not apparently alter the gonadotropin antigens, the hormone content of the same gonadotrope may be defined by immunocytochemistry. PMID- 3153471 TI - Glucocorticoid control of rat growth hormone gene expression: effect on cytoplasmic messenger ribonucleic acid production and degradation. AB - The effect of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone on the production and degradation of rat GH (rGH) cytoplasmic mRNA was studied in cultured rat pituitary tumor (GC) cells. The incorporation of [3H]uridine into both rGH cytoplasmic mRNA and the pyrimidine nucleotide precursor pool was determined in hormone-treated and control cells. From these measurements glucocorticoid effects on absolute production rates of rGH cytoplasmic mRNA were determined and compared to effects on rGH mRNA accumulation. Rat GH mRNA half-life was then calculated based on a first-order decay model. Rat GH mRNA half-life was also directly assayed by: 1) pulse-chase studies and 2) measuring the kinetics of decay of rGH mRNA in cells after transfer from serum-containing to hormone-deficient media. From these independent analyses rGH mRNA half-life estimates ranged from 28-55 h in different experiments. Within individual experiments there was little variability of rGH mRNA decay rates; glucocorticoids were found not to alter the stability of rGH cytoplasmic mRNA. Glucocorticoid induction of rGH cytoplasmic mRNA accumulation was accounted for solely on the basis of increased mRNA production. PMID- 3153472 TI - The cellular actions of vasopressin on corticotrophs of the anterior pituitary: resistance to glucocorticoid action. AB - The cellular actions of vasopressin (AVP) in the anterior pituitary were investigated. HPLC analysis of [3H]inositol-labeled cells indicated that AVP stimulated a rapid increase in inositol-1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3), inositol-1,4 bisphosphate, and inositol-4 monophosphate levels. While CRF had no effect on basal IP3 levels, it blocked their stimulation by AVP. CRF-stimulated ACTH secretion and cAMP accumulation were potentiated by AVP. AFter dexamethasone (DEX) treatment (20 nM, 18 h), CRF-dependent ACTH secretion and cAMP accumulation were attenuated but AVP was still able to potentiate both of these actions of CRF suggesting that cellular actions of AVP may be resistant to DEX effects. Therefore, [3H]AVP binding was determined in control and DEX-treated cells. Pretreatment with DEX had no effect on either AVP receptor affinity or on the number of available binding sites. Consistently, stimulation of IP3 production by AVP in DEX-treated cells was comparable to that of control cells. Protein kinase C activators such as 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate and dioctanoylglycerol were either near additive with CRF or also potentiated the action of CRF on ACTH secretion, respectively, even after DEX pretreatment. These results indicate that, in the anterior pituitary, distinct intracellular signaling pathways mediate the actions of CRF and AVP; cAMP mediates CRF actions and IP3/protein kinase C mediate the effects of AVP. Neuromodulation of ACTH secretion by dual effector mechanisms which exhibit a complex mode of interaction and only one of which is negatively influenced by glucocorticoids, provides these cells a mechanisms by which appropriate responses can be elicited under various physiological states. PMID- 3153473 TI - Cycloheximide inhibits S-14 gene transcription and abolishes DNase I hypersensitive S-14 sites in the livers of euthyroid but not hypothyroid rats. AB - Earlier studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that cycloheximide administration to hypothyroid rats inhibited the induction of the hepatic mRNA S14 by T3. These results suggested a role of short-lived proteins in the hormonal regulation of this gene. To define the possible mechanism of the cycloheximide effect, we examined the influence of cycloheximide on the in vitro transcription rate of the gene and its chromatin structure. Forty-five minutes after injection of cycloheximide to euthyroid rats, the in vitro transcriptional rate fell by 60% and this effect persisted for 4 h. In the same euthyroid rats, cycloheximide caused the disappearance of all four DNase I-hypersensitive sites situated in the 5'-flanking region of the gene. However, cycloheximide given to hypothyroid rats affected neither the basal transcription rate nor the chromatin structure. When cycloheximide was administered 30 min after an acute injection of T3 (200 micrograms/100 g BW) to hypothyroid animals, it completely blocked the hormone induction of the transcriptional rate. These results suggest that one or more labile proteins are required for maintenance of S14 chromatin structure in a configuration which permits hormonal regulation of gene expression. The ability of cycloheximide to block mRNA-S14 induction by T3 appears to be mediated at least in part by an inhibition of T3-stimulated transcription. PMID- 3153474 TI - Sequence and expression of a functional chicken progesterone receptor. AB - We have cloned and sequenced 4.5 kilobases (Kb) of cDNA encoding the chicken progesterone receptor. The complete cDNA contains an open reading frame of 2361 nucleotides in length and encodes a polypeptide of 787 amino acids with a mol wt of 85.9 K. At least four mRNA species have been detected in chick oviduct cells. Direct sequencing of variant cDNAs has suggested that two of the mRNAs (4.5 Kb and 3.6 Kb) differ only in the length of their 3'-untranslated regions. A third mRNA (1.8 Kb) produces a truncated polypeptide which encodes the immunoreactive NH2 terminal sequence of the receptor but lacks the hormone binding regional and half of the DNA-binding domain. The polypeptide expressed from the receptor cDNA in progesterone receptor negative Cos M-6 cells is indistinguishable from oviduct progesterone receptor in terms of hormone binding and antibody reactivity. Furthermore, the cloned receptor is capable of activating transcription of a target gene. This activation is progesterone dependent (with half-maximal stimulation at approximately 3.3 x 10(-10) M) and specific for the target gene. PMID- 3153475 TI - Mouse kidney androgen-regulated protein messenger ribonucleic acid is expressed in the proximal convoluted tubules. AB - Kidney androgen-regulated protein (KAP) mRNA represents the most abundant [approximately 4% of the total poly(A) RNA] mRNA species that is induced by androgens in the mouse kidney. Comparison of the expression of several androgen regulated mRNAs in this tissue, revealed that the mRNAs were differentially regulated by the hormone. KAP mRNA exhibited unusual sensitivity to low concentrations of the androgen-receptor complex. Because of its unusual characteristics, it was of interest to determine in what cells of the kidney KAP mRNA was being produced. Using the technique of in situ hybridization with single stranded RNA probes, we have identified the epithelial cells of the renal proximal convoluted tubules as the site of synthesis of KAP mRNA. Interestingly, only a subpopulation of these cells, those located in the juxtamedullary region of the renal cortex, contain KAP mRNA in castrated males. After androgen treatment, cortical proximal tubules are also induced to express KAP mRNA. These results suggest that two types of response to androgens occur in these cells. One is the progressive increase of KAP gene expression in the juxtamedullary region while the other involves recruitment of new cells in the cortical proximal tubules to synthesize KAP mRNA. PMID- 3153476 TI - Stabilization of cytochrome P450j messenger ribonucleic acid in the diabetic rat. AB - Cytochrome P450j, an enzyme involved in nitrosamine metabolism, is expressed in hepatic, pulmonary, and renal tissues and its level is elevated in ethanol- and acetone-treated rats as well as in diabetic rats induced by either streptozotocin or alloxan. Although P450j protein is substantially elevated by all inducing regimens, only in diabetic rats is P450j mRNA increased 10-fold. Nuclear run-on transcription analysis showed that this mRNA increase is not due to transcriptional activation but is due to specific stabilization of the P450j mRNA. PMID- 3153477 TI - Phorbol ester-induced down-regulation of protein kinase C abolishes vasopressin mediated responses in rat anterior pituitary cells. AB - The role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the multihormonally regulated ACTH secretory responses of rat anterior pituitary cells was examined in control cells or after pretreatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), an activator of PKC. Using affinity-purified polyclonal antiserum raised against purified rat brain PKC, immunoprecipitable PKC was demonstrated in [35S]methionine-labeled cells appearing as a doublet of 78/80 kilodaltons. Long term treatment (24 h) of cells with 0.6 microM TPA caused the specific loss of immunologically reactive PKC. Consistently, TPA pretreatment decreased the amount of phosphatidylserine-dependent protein kinase activity measured in vitro by 90%. In control cells, vasopressin (AVP) stimulated ACTH secretion and potentiated ACTH secretion stimulated by CRF. After a 24-h treatment with 0.6 microM TPA, secretory responses to AVP and the potentiating effect of AVP on CRF action were completely abolished. In contrast, CRF action on ACTH secretion, thought to be mediated by cAMP, was unaffected. Similarly, forskolin- and 8 bromo-cAMP-induced ACTH secretion remained unchanged after TPA pretreatment. These results indicate a crucial role for PKC in mediating the effects of AVP on ACTH secretion and on the potentiating action of AVP on CRF-induced secretion from corticotropic cells of the anterior pituitary. PMID- 3153478 TI - Rat inhibin: molecular cloning of alpha- and beta-subunit complementary deoxyribonucleic acids and expression in the ovary. AB - Inhibin is a gonadal protein hormone that suppresses the secretion of FSH from pituitary gonadotrophs. It has previously been characterized as a heterodimer of two dissimilar subunits (alpha, 18 kilodaltons and beta, 14 kilodaltons) the smaller of which exists in two forms (beta A and beta B) and can form dimers that stimulate the secretion of FSH. In the present work, cDNA clones encoding the inhibin alpha- and beta A-subunits have been isolated from rat ovary and characterized. The alpha-inhibin cDNA predicts a precursor protein of 366 amino acids containing the 133 amino acid mature alpha-subunit at its COOH-terminus. The beta A-inhibin cDNA predicts a precursor protein of 424 amino acids containing the 116 amino acid beta A-subunit at its COOH-terminus. Analysis of rat ovarian RNA indicates that alpha-inhibin mRNA levels are stimulated by PMSG treatment in vivo. In cultured granulosa cells, FSH also stimulates alpha-inhibin mRNA, and the FSH effect is suppressed by cotreatment with GnRH. Hybridization in situ to rat ovarian tissue demonstrates that both the alpha-inhibin and beta A inhibin mRNAs are specifically expressed in granulosa cells of the developing follicles. PMID- 3153479 TI - Hormonal regulation of expression of the endogenous and transfected human growth hormone gene. AB - Expression of the endogenous human GH (hGH) gene in response to glucocorticoids, thyroid hormone, and insulin was studied in cultures of dispersed GH-secreting human pituitary adenomas. Results were compared to those obtained when the hGH gene was transfected into rat pituitary tumor cells (GC). In the human pituitary cells the glucocorticoid dexamethasone [(Dex) 10(-6) M] increased the release of GH and the levels of GH mRNA by 2 to 4-fold (P less than 0.05). T3 (10(-8) M) had no effect on GH mRNA but increased hGH release by 2- to 6-fold (P less than 0.01). Insulin (5 x 10(-9) M) alone had no significant effect on either hGH mRNA or protein, but blunted the effect of Dex. Among 11 of 18 GC cell clones transfected with the hGH gene with detectable hGH mRNA expression, Dex increased hGH mRNA levels in seven and T3 treatment reduced hGH mRNA levels in eight. Conversely, rat GH mRNA levels from the endogenous rat gene were increased by either Dex or T3 in all 18 clones. Insulin alone or in combination with T3 or Dex was found to increase hGH mRNA levels in some cell lines and to decrease hGH mRNA levels in others; these effects were correlated strongly (r = 0.88; P less than 0.001) with the influence of insulin on the endogenous rat GH gene, implying that individual cellular differences can simultaneously affect the insulin responsiveness of both genes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3153480 TI - Consequences of amino-terminal deletions of preproparathyroid hormone signal sequence. AB - PTH is initially synthesized as a larger precursor, containing a 25 amino acid signal sequence. Modification of cDNA encoding the hormone precursor resulted in the synthesis of proteins whose signal sequences were shortened at their amino termini. The effects of these mutations were analyzed using a cell-free translation system and rat pituitary GH4 cells in culture. Removal of the first six amino acids of the signal sequence had no effect on the efficiency or kinetics of protein processing as measured in the two assay systems. Mutants lacking 10 or 13 amino acids were not processed efficiently in the cells, nor were they translocated across microsomes in the cell-free translation system. These studies suggest that a modest change in the hydrophobic domain of the signal sequence, which might not have been predicted to alter function, led to a dramatic decline in signal activity. PMID- 3153482 TI - 26th annual meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. San Juan, Puerto Rico, December 1987. Selected proceedings. PMID- 3153481 TI - Mechanism of dexamethasone 21-mesylate antiglucocorticoid action: I. Receptor antiglucocorticoid complexes do not competitively inhibit receptor-glucocorticoid complex activation of gene transcription in vivo. AB - The actions of dexamethasone 21-mesylate (DM) have been studied in two recently developed cultured murine cell lines containing approximately 200 copies of episomal minichromosome. This minichromosome contains the glucocorticoid regulatory element in the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat fused upstream of v-rasH sequences in a totally defined primary sequence environment. The levels of v-rasH mRNA were measured as an index of glucocorticoid regulated expression of this chimeric gene. In addition, expression of the endogenous single copy mouse metallothionein I (MT-I) gene was monitored simultaneously. DM was found to be an essentially pure antagonist of dexamethasone (dex)-stimulated expression of both the episomal chimeric gene and the endogenous MT-I gene. The covalent labeling efficiency by DM of glucocorticoid receptors in intact cells approached 100%, surpassing previously observed whole cell DM labeling efficiencies. These results strengthen the hypothesis that covalent complex formation is responsible for antiglucocorticoid action. The efficiency of whole cell nuclear binding of covalent receptor-DM complexes was found to be approximately 50% of that seen with receptor-dex complexes. Analyses of long terminal repeat initiated v-rasH mRNA and MT-I mRNA inductions by dex in cells previously exposed to a subsaturating concentration of DM indicated that receptor DM complexes do not inhibit by a competitive mechanism the transcriptional activation of these glucocorticoid responsive genes by receptor-dex complexes. These results do not rule out the possibility, however, that covalent receptor-DM complexes may still bind to the biologically active nuclear sites. The implications of this result concerning the mechanism of DM irreversible antiglucocorticoid action are discussed. PMID- 3153483 TI - Pathogenetic implications of neuropathological findings in the AIDS dementia complex. PMID- 3153484 TI - Mechanisms of brain damage by HIV-1. PMID- 3153485 TI - AIDS as a neuropeptide disorder: peptide T, VIP, and the HIV receptor. PMID- 3153486 TI - HIV-1: neuropsychiatric manifestations and their treatment. PMID- 3153487 TI - Perspectives on infection with HIV-1 among intravenous drug users. PMID- 3153489 TI - Adaptation of the dopaminergic system in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia. Introduction. PMID- 3153488 TI - Perspectives on the evolution of federal AIDS research policy. PMID- 3153490 TI - Characteristics of the adaptive aspects of the dopaminergic system. PMID- 3153491 TI - Effects of mesocortical dopaminergic lesions upon subcortical dopaminergic function. PMID- 3153492 TI - Status of the dopaminergic system in post-mortem brain in schizophrenia. PMID- 3153493 TI - Preclinical and clinical studies with corticotropin-releasing factor: implications for affective disorders. PMID- 3153494 TI - Obsessive-compulsive disorder: a neuroethological perspective. PMID- 3153495 TI - Basal ganglia neuropharmacology and obsessive-compulsive disorder: the obsessive compulsive disorder hypothesis of basal ganglia dysfunction. PMID- 3153496 TI - The relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette's syndrome: a twin study. PMID- 3153497 TI - Obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence for basal ganglia dysfunction. PMID- 3153499 TI - ECT alters human monoamines in a different manner from that of antidepressant drugs. PMID- 3153498 TI - Neurophysiological evidence for actions of ECT. PMID- 3153500 TI - Neuroendocrine hypothesis of antidepressant action of ECT. PMID- 3153501 TI - Nerve growth factor-ganglioside interaction in the plasticity of central cholinergic neurons. PMID- 3153502 TI - Effects of calcium-channel antagonists on tardive dyskinesia and psychosis. PMID- 3153503 TI - Habituation deficits, serotonergic function, and schizophrenia: new animal model data. PMID- 3153505 TI - Random regression models: a comprehensive approach to the analysis of longitudinal psychiatric data. PMID- 3153504 TI - EEG response to ethanol in sons of alcoholics. PMID- 3153506 TI - Serotonergically induced hormonal responses and the antidepressant effect of total sleep deprivation in patients with major depression. PMID- 3153507 TI - Blood platelet uptake of serotonin in episodic aggression: correlation with red blood cell proton T1 and impulsivity. PMID- 3153508 TI - Clinical predictors of course for Alzheimer patients in a longitudinal study: a preliminary report. PMID- 3153509 TI - Self-report vs. instrumental measure in the assessment of the subjective effects of d-amphetamine. PMID- 3153510 TI - Clinical and epidemiologic findings of significance to neuropharmacologic trials in OCD. PMID- 3153511 TI - Tardive dyskinesia status: stability or change. PMID- 3153512 TI - Personality as a dimension of summer and winter depression. PMID- 3153513 TI - Melatonin levels are reduced in the pineal glands of suicide victims. PMID- 3153514 TI - Prednisone-induced behavioral and biological changes in medically healthy volunteers. PMID- 3153516 TI - [Schools in danger]. PMID- 3153515 TI - Differing effects of duration of illness on CT findings in alcoholism and schizophrenia. PMID- 3153517 TI - [Nothing is lost, nothing is created, all is transformed...]. PMID- 3153518 TI - [Infant convulsions]. PMID- 3153519 TI - [Education in the psychiatric aspect. Interview by Nadine Wehrlin]. PMID- 3153520 TI - [Trans-tracheal puncture]. PMID- 3153521 TI - [University education of nurses in France]. PMID- 3153522 TI - [Nurse: what are you doing, what are they doing to your diploma?]. PMID- 3153523 TI - [Admission of the trauma patient to emergency care]. PMID- 3153524 TI - [From triage ... to admission]. PMID- 3153525 TI - [Project for designing the reception room]. PMID- 3153526 TI - [Alcophone]. PMID- 3153527 TI - [The nurses of Epinal]. PMID- 3153528 TI - [Evaluation of the Comfeel Prossor dressing]. PMID- 3153529 TI - [Mountain frostbite]. PMID- 3153530 TI - [The menace of premature labor]. PMID- 3153531 TI - [Cyclosporin A and diabetes type I]. PMID- 3153532 TI - [Ventolin (salbutamol)]. PMID- 3153533 TI - [Panlobular emphysema]. PMID- 3153534 TI - [Myocardial infarction. Signs and diagnosis]. PMID- 3153535 TI - [Salt-free or low-salt regimens]. PMID- 3153536 TI - [Admission into nursing schools]. PMID- 3153537 TI - [AIDS. Mass screening]. PMID- 3153538 TI - [Surrogate mothers: danger]. PMID- 3153539 TI - [Acute and seromucous otitis in the young child]. PMID- 3153542 TI - [MS Contin]. PMID- 3153543 TI - [Diaphragmatic paralysis]. PMID- 3153545 TI - [Self regulation in diabetes]. PMID- 3153546 TI - [The child with cancer and his family]. PMID- 3153547 TI - [Functions of schools for paramedics]. PMID- 3153548 TI - [Admission into nursing schools]. PMID- 3153549 TI - [Acute bronchiolitis]. PMID- 3153550 TI - [The nurse and pain]. PMID- 3153551 TI - [The occupational health and emergency nurse]. PMID- 3153552 TI - [Coloscopy]. PMID- 3153553 TI - [Menorrhagias and their treatments]. PMID- 3153554 TI - [Nursing schools: composition of technical advisory committees and disciplinary advisory committees]. PMID- 3153555 TI - [Myocardial bridges. Incidence and relation to some certain coronary variables]. AB - 72 human hearts from necropsies of subjects with an age range from 27 to 83 years have been examined by dissection. The aim of this study was to know the percentage of myocardial bridges (intramural coronary arteries) and to compare with other studies carried on this subject, using the same or different techniques. Myocardial bridges were observed in 25% of cases. The main localization was the middle third of the anterior interventricular artery. The principal characteristics of the myocardial bridges were: The length, from 4 mm to 25 mm, and the thickness, from 0.3 mm to 1.7 mm. Chi-square test have been made in order to verify the relation between the coronary arterial preponderance and the incidence of myocardial bridges, showing the absence of statistical significance. PMID- 3153556 TI - [Anatomical variations at the level of the muscles of the arm]. AB - The muscular anatomical variations of the thoracic member are recorded in a series of 180 subjects. Two muscles are supernumerary: a bilateral accessory coraco-brachialis and a unilateral accessory palmaris longus. Two muscles have additional tendons: the extensor carpi radialis brevis and the extensor digitorum. PMID- 3153557 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity during the ontogenesis of the subfornical organ of the rat. AB - From 16 to 18 days of fetal life (fl) the subfornical organ (SFO) of the rat shows diffuse acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. From 21 fl its definitive pattern begins to be organized and is achieved at 30 days of postnatal life (pl). This pattern is characterized by a homogeneous AChE activity in the rostral region, a ring-like distribution in the anterior medial region and a hoof-like distribution in the posterior medial region. The caudal region shows intense, uniform activity. From the rostral region two tracts emerge, ventral and dorsal, that extend to different diencephalo-telencephalic areas. From the SFO caudal region another tract emerges that extends to posterior areas. PMID- 3153558 TI - [Atlas of the stages of development of the external forms of the brain in the human embryo]. AB - The various external features of the developing human brain during the embryonic period proper (up to 8 postovulatory weeks) are illustrated as they appear in reconstructions made from embryos of Carnegie stages 8 to 23. This is the first systematic, stage-by-stage account. The appearances are compared with those that can be seen in intact embryos of corresponding stages up to 7 postovulatory weeks. The brain of an early fetus (9 postovulatory weeks) is also included. The medial views will be treated in a subsequent article. PMID- 3153559 TI - [Vascularization of the tela choroidea of the prosencephalon of the sheep (Ovis aries)]. AB - The tela choroidea of the prosencephalon in sheep is vascularized by an anterior choroidal artery arising from the rostral branch of the carotid cerebral artery and by a posterior choroidal artery, arising from the caudal cerebral artery, branch of the carotidobasilar system. These two choroidal arteries give off choroidal branches which nourish the capillary networks of the tela. The latter consist of a velar capillary network and of a choroidal capillary network. Together, they drain into choroidal veinules and veins which are tributary of the superficial and of the deep venous systems of the brain. PMID- 3153560 TI - Macroscopic organization and sensitive innervation of the tendinous intersection and the lacertus fibrosus of the biceps brachii muscle in the ass and horse. AB - The most developed and organized lamina running trough the biceps brachii muscle belly forms a well-marked tendinous intersection connecting the proximal tendon with the distal one. Moreover, the lacertus fibrosus arises from this lamina close to the distal tendon and blends with the fascia of the forearm and joins the extensor carpi radialis muscle. The nerve supply for the biceps tendinous intersection arises from the intramuscular rami of the musculo-cutaneous nerve, whereas the lacertus fibrosus is provided with some cutaneous rami of the same nerve. The biceps brachii tendinous intersection and lacertus fibrosus are provided with free and encapsulated nervous endings. The encapsulated corpuscles are represented by rare Pacini, Pacini-like and Ruffini receptors and by numerous Golgi tendon-organs. All these receptors have been studied by a topographical point of view and the role played by the proprioceptors in synchronizing shoulder, elbow and carpal joint movements both in the flexion and the extension of the limb, has been hypothesized. PMID- 3153561 TI - [Secretion of testosterone by the embryonic testicle of the bird]. AB - This is a survey of studies on testosterone secretion by the testis of the avian embryo. An unprejudiced critic would not be convinced by existing data. The author is led to conclude that the bird embryo testis does not secrete testosterone. PMID- 3153562 TI - Ultrastructure of gland cells associated with the chaetal follicles in the clitellar region of Lumbricus friendi Cognetti, 1904 (Oligochaeta). AB - The ultrastructure of the gland cells associated with the chaetal follicles of the ventral clitellar epithelium is described in the earthworm Lumbricus friendi. Regarding their secretory granules, two cell types (GS1 and GS2) have been identified. Secretory granules of both cell types show a large, electron-dense core which is homogeneous in the GS1 type and irregularly shaped in the GS2 type. Crystalline inclusions embedded in the GS1 granule matrix is characteristic of the GS1 cell type. Both types of secretory granules are directly extruded by exocytosis into the chaetal follicle lumen. The basal regions show the typical cytological features of cells which are capable of synthesis of both protein and complex carbohydrates. The results and the functional significance of the two cell types studied are discussed and compared with that is known in other lumbricids. PMID- 3153564 TI - Subcellular organelle biogenesis: turning protein export outside-in. PMID- 3153563 TI - Prospects for a malaria vaccine. AB - Malaria infection is a worsening problem throughout the developing world where conventional methods of control and treatment are becoming ineffective. Recent discoveries using the tools of the new biology, monoclonal antibodies and gene cloning, have brought malaria vaccines to the brink of reality. PMID- 3153565 TI - JK coryneforms and the immunocompromised patient. PMID- 3153566 TI - Current problems in the taxonomy of luteoviruses. AB - While the classification of luteoviruses was based initially on biological characteristics, principally host range and vector specificities, recent serological studies of luteoviruses have further increased our understanding of their taxonomic relationships. Serological, biochemical and genetic methods will be necessary to clarify relationships among luteoviruses. PMID- 3153567 TI - Cleavage of immunoglobulins by pathogenic yeasts of the genus Candida. AB - The yeast-like fungi Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis are opportunistic pathogens which are distinguished from less virulent yeasts by the secretion of acid proteases. Candida proteases cleave various human immunoglobulins including IgA2 and secretory immunoglobulins. They cover a wider range of substrates than bacterial IgA-proteases, and possibly play a role in the pathogenesis of thrush and deep candidosis. PMID- 3153568 TI - The superficial protein arrays on bacteria. AB - In nature, many bacteria possess a surface layer of regularly-structured protein subunits which is probably essential for survival in many ecological niches. These paracrystalline layers perform a variety of functions among the diverse groups of bacteria in which these superficial arrays have been detected. PMID- 3153569 TI - All wrapped up. PMID- 3153570 TI - Glucose repression: a complex regulatory system in yeast. AB - Glucose repression is a complex regulatory system controlling numerous biochemical pathways. The triggering signal for glucose repression of many enzymes is given by hexokinase isoenzyme P11. In addition to glucose repression a glucose derepression system exists. Certain upstream activation sites have been identified for glucose derepression. PMID- 3153571 TI - Micro-algae as sources of fine chemicals. AB - In future, phototrophic micro-algae may be the source of a range of valuable fine chemicals including carotenoids, vitamins, polysaccharides, and essential fatty acids. The screening of these organisms for biologically active molecules has great potential. PMID- 3153572 TI - Aerobic photosynthetic bacteria. AB - Erythrobacter species OCh 114 is a strictly aerobic bacterium containing bacteriochlorophyll a. Although its growth is dependent on heterotrophic nutrition, light enhances its growth yield and CO2-fixation activity. A new category--aerobic photosynthetic bacteria--is proposed for Erythrobacter species OCh 114. PMID- 3153573 TI - Controlled marine ecosystems in the investigation of oil biodegradation at sea. AB - In the marine environment, petroleum is subject to the action of physico-chemical weathering and microbial biodegradation. Experimental controlled ecosystems have provided essential information about the fate of petroleum at sea. PMID- 3153575 TI - Chlamydia and the demise of the koala. PMID- 3153574 TI - BLA BLA and TET a TET. PMID- 3153576 TI - Cryptosporidium--an important human enteric pathogen. PMID- 3153577 TI - Exploiting classical genetics to clone a eukaryotic regulatory gene. PMID- 3153578 TI - Ecological strategies of barophilic bacteria in the deep ocean. AB - The deep ocean is an extreme environment where low temperature and elevated hydrostatic pressure inhibit the metabolic activities of bacteria transported there via sinking particulate matter. However, it is also home to pressure preferring or barophilic bacteria, believed to be functionally dominant over shallow-water intruders at abyssal depths. Ecological strategies adopted by these unique microorganisms appear to be driven primarily by the oligotrophic nature of their environment. PMID- 3153579 TI - Microbiological methods and plasmid pattern analysis in epidemiological control of Shigella sonnei infections. AB - Shigella sonnei plays an important aetiological role in bacillary dysentery. Advances in methodology for the study of intraspecies differentiation are proving to be valuable in the epidemiological analysis of infections caused by this agent. PMID- 3153580 TI - The effect of UV-irradiation on viral infections of the skin. AB - The effect on the skin of exposure to relatively small doses of ultraviolet light has long been thought beneficial and socially desirable, leading to a 'healthy tan'. However it is less well known that similar (if not smaller) doses of UV-B radiation can have transient but profound depressive effects on the immune response to antigens or pathogens encountered by the skin. The result of this on the immunopathology of both primary and recurrent episodes of persistent viral infections of the epidermis is discussed. PMID- 3153581 TI - Regulation of meiosis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - Analysis of a new class of meiotic mutants isolated in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe strongly indicates that the gene in which they are deficient codes for a factor whose physiological role is inhibition of initiation of meiosis. A negative control mechanism for meiosis is discussed. PMID- 3153582 TI - Shiga toxin. PMID- 3153583 TI - The AIDS virus: the story so far. PMID- 3153584 TI - Campylobacter pyloridis--a stomach pathogen. PMID- 3153585 TI - Different hosts for phosphorylation. PMID- 3153587 TI - The molecular biology of caulimoviruses. AB - The molecular biology of the caulimoviruses has already inspired quite a few review articles: this review is limited to a general description of the type member of this group, namely cauliflower mosaic virus. Details are presented of major results obtained on the organization and function at the molecular level of caulimoviruses and cauliflower mosaic virus in particular. PMID- 3153586 TI - Methods for isolating large bacterial plasmids. AB - In recent years, increasingly large plasmids have been isolated. This has been the result of improved methods for purifying large plasmids, some of which are reviewed in this article. PMID- 3153588 TI - Some like it hot. PMID- 3153589 TI - International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF): name changes in fungi of microbiological, industrial and medical importance. Part 2. AB - This is the second in a series of reports bringing changes in the names of fungi of microbiological, industrial and medical importance to the attention of workers in these fields. The series is sponsored by the Division of Mycology of the International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS) and prepared under the auspices of the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF). The first of this series of reports (which included an introduction to the series explaining the need for name changes) was published in Microbiological Sciences 3: 168-171 (1986). PMID- 3153590 TI - The mycoplasma genome: Part 2. AB - This second part of a review of the mycoplasma genome describes protein synthesis, known genes for proteins and the phylogeny of mycoplasmas. The investigation of protein synthesis has led to the very surprising observation that the opal codon is used to code for tryptophan in mycoplasmas. Phylogenetically, the mycoplasmas have been found to descend from Bacillus and related G-positive rods. PMID- 3153592 TI - Microbes and oil recovery. AB - Conventional oilfield operations recover, on average, about a third of the crude oil originally present in a reservoir. Improving the yield depends both on overcoming macro- and micro-geological problems and on progressively compensating for the pressure drop in the reservoir as it is depleted of oil. In some cases this may be achieved by treating the oil-bearing matrix with certain chemicals, most commonly surfactants and viscous or insoluble polymers. One effective way of introducing the chemicals is by employing a population of bacteria in the reservoir as synthetic agents. Some of these processes are shown in the Centrespread illustration. PMID- 3153591 TI - Microbial degradation of chlorinated aromatic compounds. AB - Many microorganisms are capable of utilizing anthropogenic chloroaromatics as the sole source of carbon and energy. Techniques of co-cultivation, conjugation, and in vitro cloning have been used to extend the range of haloaromatic degradation in bacteria. Employment of suitable 'degrader' strains may contribute significantly towards the removal of these compounds from the environment. PMID- 3153593 TI - Lysosomes and vacuoles. PMID- 3153594 TI - Virus watching. PMID- 3153595 TI - A killer system in yeasts: applications to genetics and industry. PMID- 3153597 TI - New rules for regulation. (5). Proteases as regulatory proteins. PMID- 3153596 TI - The respiratory chain and energy conservation in the mitochondrion-like bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans. AB - Paracoccus denitrificans has a flexible electron transport chain containing various inducible dehydrogenases, oxidases and reductases. The sequence of electron carriers and stoichiometry of energy transduction is well known, with the exception of all functional aspects of the different c-type cytochromes. The mitochondrion-like characteristics of the respiratory chain have stimulated much research at the molecular level, which should help to elucidate the structure function relationship of the components of the different respiratory complexes isolated. PMID- 3153598 TI - Extra-intestinal Clostridium difficile. PMID- 3153599 TI - Temporal and spatial regulation of differentiation in Caulobacter crescentus. AB - Asymmetric cell division in the aquatic bacterium C. crescentus has proved to be a fruitful model for the study of cell differentiation. An understanding of the temporal and spatial mechanisms responsible for complex developmental programmes leading to polar morphogenesis is possible in these cells using a combination of genetic, biochemical, and molecular approaches. PMID- 3153600 TI - Pathogenesis of human mycoses: role of adhesion to host surfaces. AB - Adhesion of microorganisms to various mucosal surfaces appears to be essential for initiating infection. The role of adhesion to host surfaces in pathogenesis of human mycoses, particularly the various manifestations of candidiasis, has been shown experimentally and correlated with epidemiological data. PMID- 3153601 TI - Microbial parameters and their control in anaerobic digestion. AB - Parameters, such as pH, loading-rate, space, substrate limitation and cell (dis) aggregation, are critical in anaerobic digestion. A better understanding of these parameters is necessary to achieve a more successful operation of anaerobic digesters. PMID- 3153602 TI - Plastics and synthetic fibres from microorganisms: a dream or a potential reality? AB - Potential microbial routes to the production of plastics and synthetic fibres can be divided into three categories. These are: (i) the production of biopolymers possessing the properties of plastics, (ii) the use of microorganisms as biocatalysts to produce specialized chemical intermediates or monomers, and (iii) the release of usable chemicals from renewable carbon sources such as lignin. PMID- 3153603 TI - Bacteriophages as model organisms in water treatment. AB - F-specific RNA bacteriophages have great potential as model organisms for monitoring the fate of human viruses in water treatment processes. They are consistently present in large numbers in all kinds of wastewaters and their resistance to inactivation is relatively high. A simple and reliable enumeration method is available. PMID- 3153604 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of Legionnaire's disease: an update. PMID- 3153605 TI - Syphilis and AIDS. PMID- 3153606 TI - Are medicinal leeches an infection hazard? PMID- 3153607 TI - Molecular genetics in mycobacteria. PMID- 3153609 TI - Lyme disease: a rare cause of arthritis? PMID- 3153608 TI - If you'll pardon the expression. PMID- 3153610 TI - Plant toxins. AB - Many plants produce toxic proteins capable of inactivating eukaryotic ribosomes and thereby arresting protein synthesis. In certain plants the gene for a ribosome-inactivating protein has fused with a gene encoding an independent sugar binding polypeptide to generate heterodimeric proteins which are among the most potent cytotoxins known. PMID- 3153611 TI - Genome similarities between plant and animal RNA viruses. AB - Gene sequence comparisons and protein comparisons provide more and more evidence that evolutionary links exist between plant and animal RNA viruses, irrespective of whether they have an isometric or rod-shaped particle, or of whether they have a divided or non-divided genome. Although a phylogeny based on these molecular data cannot yet be constructed the results obtained so far shed a new light on the origin and evolution of RNA viruses and are important in terms of their taxonomy. PMID- 3153612 TI - Prospects for new viral vaccines. AB - The records of virus vaccinology are impressive. Smallpox has been subjected to global eradication and diseases like poliomyelitis and measles have been extensively reduced in many industrialized countries. The prospects for development of new vaccines are good, and new fields of knowledge have opened up as a consequence of the introduction of revolutionary technology such as recombinant-DNA technology and the hybridoma and synthetic peptide methodology. Thus, the way ahead will involve both implementation of the effective use of available products and logistic decisions about the most appropriate technology for new immunogen products. PMID- 3153613 TI - What does the molecular structure of viruses tell us about viral functions? AB - The structures of the protein shell of a number of simple icosahedral RNA plant and animal viruses are now known at atomic resolution. In addition, components of viral capsids such as the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase spikes of influenza virus and the hexon unit of adenovirus are known in similar detail. These structures have provided a wealth of information on viral assembly, viral disassembly, the antigenic surface on viruses available to neutralizing antibodies, the host cell receptor attachment site, fusion of viral particles with the host cell, processing of polyproteins during maturation and the manner in which antiviral agents can interfere with the function of a viral capsid. PMID- 3153614 TI - Bacteriophage taxonomy in 1987. AB - Ten families and eight genera have been approved by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) and include at least 230 species. A new basic phage group has been found in Archaebacteria. Over 2700 phages are tailed; about 130 are cubic, filamentous or pleomorphic. Their distribution provides insights into phage origin. PMID- 3153615 TI - Experimental evolution of catabolic pathways of bacteria. AB - Experimental evolution of catabolic pathways offers considerable potential for accelerating the evolution of bacteria able to degrade toxic industrial chemicals, and this may be useful for combatting environmental pollution. The principal strategies that have been successfully followed to evolve useful catabolic routes for aromatic compounds in soil bacteria are analysed. PMID- 3153616 TI - The enigma of the alkaliphile. AB - Alkaliphilic bacteria provide a model system in which to test the basic principles of the chemiosmotic theory. The proton-motive force (delta mu H +) in these bacteria under alkaline conditions appears to be too low to power ATP synthesis assuming normal stoichiometry and a normal H+/F1F0 ATPase. Current data suggest that these bacteria might obviate the problems by harnessing a sodium motive force (delta mu Na+). PMID- 3153617 TI - Enzyme specialization during the evolution of amino acid biosynthetic pathways. AB - Amino acid sequence similarities detected between enzymes involved in methionine and cysteine biosynthesis, and between enzymes involved in the threonine, isoleucine and tryptophan biosynthetic pathways allow an experimental investigation of the mechanisms whereby metabolic pathways have evolved. PMID- 3153618 TI - Contribution of immunogold labelling to study of the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria. AB - The immunogold labelling technique is beginning to make a significant contribution to the study of several biological systems. In the case of Gram negative bacteria, immunogold labelling performed either on whole cells or on thin sections has recently begun to facilitate the study of outer membrane biogenesis, the topology of membrane proteins, and protein export. PMID- 3153620 TI - The cloned cel (cellulose degradation) genes of Clostridium thermocellum and their products. AB - More than 10 cel genes of Clostridium thermocellum were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Four of them, celA, celB, celC and celD, were studied in detail. The corresponding endoglucanases were purified from E. coli and characterized. The over-produced endoglucanase D, purified from cytoplasmic granules, was crystallized. PMID- 3153619 TI - Bacillus larval toxin crystal protein. AB - During sporulation some bacteria produce parasporal inclusions which are toxic for insect larvae. The proteins responsible for this toxicity have been characterized and their genes have been cloned. Using genetic engineering methods, it is now possible to establish new bacterial strains and to introduce these genes into plant genomes. PMID- 3153622 TI - One hundred years of Pasteur and his Institute. PMID- 3153621 TI - Antigenic variation in parasitic protozoa. AB - Antigenic variation in the protozoan parasites responsible for malaria and African sleeping sickness is examined. Some of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the generation of new variant antigens are reviewed and the possible problems posed by this process in the development of vaccines against these parasites are discussed. PMID- 3153623 TI - [Base metal alloys for use in fixed prosthodontics]. PMID- 3153624 TI - [Eagle's syndrome. Review of the literature]. PMID- 3153625 TI - [Histological investigation of the early reactions of odontoblastic layer to mild trauma in teeth with intact and hyperemic pulp]. PMID- 3153626 TI - [Root canal filling with silver points]. PMID- 3153627 TI - [Epidemiological study of dental caries among children population in the province of Selino]. PMID- 3153628 TI - [The biocompatibility of the dental alloys. What we should have in mind for their selection and application. Symptoms and confronting the problem]. PMID- 3153629 TI - [Fluorides for caries prevention]. PMID- 3153630 TI - [Current diagnostic modalities for the evaluation of parotid tumors. Cytologic study, histologic study and electron microscopy]. PMID- 3153631 TI - [Use of citric acid in periodontology: a review]. PMID- 3153633 TI - [Clinical use of Ca(OH)2 in dentistry]. PMID- 3153632 TI - [Topical antiseptics. Their use and abuse on oral diseases]. PMID- 3153634 TI - [Study of the apical area in unsuccessful endodontic treatment in scanning electron microscopy (SEM)]. PMID- 3153635 TI - [Pulpal reaction after the use of a glass ionomer cement as a cavity liner. An experimental study]. PMID- 3153636 TI - [Recent aspects on toothbrushes and toothbrushing. Oral hygiene habits of Greek population]. PMID- 3153637 TI - [Dental caries in Greece. Epidemiology-prevention-legal aspects]. PMID- 3153638 TI - [Electric and thermal pulp vitality tests]. PMID- 3153640 TI - [Anchorage and ways of anchorage reinforcement in the Edgewise technique]. PMID- 3153639 TI - [Cephalometric analysis as a diagnostic procedure in orthodontics]. PMID- 3153641 TI - [Selection of alloys for fixed prosthodontics]. PMID- 3153643 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis presenting as lingual ulceration]. PMID- 3153644 TI - Neuroanatomy of the oculomotor system. PMID- 3153642 TI - [Complex odontomas: report of two cases]. PMID- 3153646 TI - The anatomy of the vestibular nuclei. PMID- 3153645 TI - Neuroanatomy of the oculomotor system. The reticular formation. AB - The afferent and efferent connections of specific subdivisions of the reticular formation involved in the control of gaze are reviewed. Three regions of the medial brainstem reticular formation: the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF), the dorsomedial rostral medullary reticular formation and the rostral interstitial nucleus of the MLF (riMLF) have direct projections to the extraocular motor nuclei, and play a well-defined role in the generation of saccadic eye movements only. The interstitial nucleus of Cajal (iC) also has direct premotor control of vertical extraocular motoneurons and is probably involved in the maintenance of vertical eye position. Reticulospinal neurons, which modulate the activity of neck and postural musculature, originate from all these regions. The neuroanatomy of other cell groups associated with the reticular formation are also described: the central mesencephalic reticular formation (cMRF), the posterior commissure nuclear complex (nPC), nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (nrtp), nucleus intercalatus (nic), nucleus of Roller (Ro) and nucleus interfascicularis hypoglossi (ifh), nucleus supragenualis (sg) and finally the cell groups lying within the paramedian tracts (pmt) of the pons and medulla. These have diverse and generally less well understood roles in the control of gaze. PMID- 3153648 TI - Cerebellum. AB - The gross anatomy of the cerebellum is described along with different systems of regional nomenclature. The afferent and efferent connections of the flocculo nodular lobe, the uvula, paraflocculus, vermis and deep cerebellar nuclei are described in detail, and related to some aspects of oculomotor function. PMID- 3153647 TI - Neuroanatomy of the oculomotor system. The nucleus prepositus. AB - The heterogeneous cytoarchitecture of nucleus prepositus hypoglossi and its multiplicity of afferent and efferent connections to oculomotor structures are described. They are more than adequate to account for a role in eye and head movements: it is suggested that they may provide the neuroanatomical basis for an efference copy signal of eye position, which would also be important in gaze holding. PMID- 3153649 TI - Gaze control through superior colliculus: structure and function. AB - Structure, connectivity patterns and pharmacological properties of individual neuron types in the superior colliculus are reviewed together with a presentation of new data from reconstructions of identified single cells. Morphological aspects of the superior colliculus are critically related to its role in sensory orienting by eye and head movements. PMID- 3153650 TI - Present concepts of oculomotor organization. AB - An introduction to the oculomotor system, which should provide a framework for the 10 anatomical reviews in the following chapters, this chapter describes the characteristics of the 5 basic types of eye movement and outlines the structures that are involved in the generation of each. Some common eye movement deficits, and concepts such as 'the neural integrator' and the 'velocity storage mechanism', for which anatomical substrates are still sought, are introduced. PMID- 3153651 TI - Structural organization of the extraocular muscles. AB - The gross and microscopic anatomy of the extraocular muscles, including their sensory and motor innervation, is reviewed. Embryological and developmental sequences, as well as cellular and molecular aspects, are presented, and differences between species and muscles are discussed in relation to the constituent muscle fiber types. PMID- 3153652 TI - The pretectal nuclear complex and the accessory optic system. AB - A critical survey of the nomenclatures used for subdivisions of the pretectal nuclear complex is followed by a description of pretectal development and connectivity of individual nuclei. Some of these mediate the pupillary light reflex; part of another forms part of the accessory optic system, involved in processing visual signals for the generation of compensatory (optokinetic) eye movements. The anatomy, development, connections and function of the accessory optic system and its subdivisions are reviewed. PMID- 3153654 TI - Brainstem-spinal cord projections in the cat, related to control of head and axial movements. AB - Unlike the other chapters, this is mainly an experimental study. It describes the location of all pathways descending from the brainstem to the spinal cord in cat: and for the first time correlates the termination fields arising from specific brainstem areas with the inter- and motoneuron pools of neck, axial and distal limb musculature, throughout the whole spinal cord. The findings are related to previous studies, as well as to functional aspects of the oculomotor system. PMID- 3153655 TI - Extraocular motor nuclei: location, morphology and afferents. AB - The location, morphology and afferent control of extraocular motoneurons in the oculomotor, trochlear, abducens and accessory abducens nuclei are reviewed for different vertebrates. This comparative approach includes developmental and phylogenetic aspects, as well as data on preganglionic neurons of the ciliary ganglion. PMID- 3153653 TI - Higher centers concerned with eye movement and visual attention: cerebral cortex and thalamus. AB - A comparison of the connectivity and physiology of the frontal and parietal eye fields, showing a closer relationship between the frontal eye fields and oculomotor processing than for the parietal region. The involvement of thalamic regions in the generation of eye movements is also reviewed. PMID- 3153656 TI - Fundamental study on transcutaneous biotelemetry using diffused light. AB - A new method of biotelemetry is proposed, which realizes non-restrained acquisition of biological signals using infrared light diffused out from animal skin. This technique is fundamentally different from conventional telemetry techniques which use radiofrequency electromagnetic waves. An optical transmitter, which consists of some LEDs is implanted beneath the skin. Biological information such as an ECG signal is collected in vivo and the light emitted from the LEDs is modulated by the signal. The light transmitted through the skin is strongly diffused and spread out in a wide angle. The light is collected by remotely located optical receivers and biological information is obtained by demodulating the signal. Thus, the biological information in vivo is obtained without restraining the object with cables or optical fibers. In order to verify the possibility of the above techniques, a system which obtains an ECG from a laboratory animal has been developed. An infrared light was chosen because it is invisible, and has high transmittance through the skin. In addition, there are wide variety of light sources and detectors available in the range of near infrared. Considering the stability of the communication link and the power consumption of the implanted transmitter, a PFM (pulse frequency modulation) technique was used. Using the system the transcutaneous ECG telemetry was successfully performed. In the experiment the indirect light, reflected and scattered by walls, a ceiling and a floor, was shown to be useful for optical telemetry. Light transmission patterns through the skin of a mouse were measured. The results suggest the possibility of telemetry even from the deep part of the body cavity. It is concluded that recent progress in optical and electronic technology has reached the point where transcutaneous optical telemetry of biological signals has become possible. PMID- 3153657 TI - Estimating ultrasonic parameters of biological tissue by adaptive filtering technique. AB - Diagnostic ultrasonic imaging is widely used as a non-invasive technique for examining the body. However, the resolution of images still does not meet the order of the wavelength, and only a part of the information on tissue characteristics contained in reflected signals is used. In this paper we propose a method for estimating two tissue parameters; i.e., the reflection coefficient and attenuation coefficient from the reflected ultrasound for the purpose of improving the resolution of ultrasonic images and obtaining information on tissue characterization. The reflection coefficient is estimated by a deconvolution technique using a Kalman filter, taking into account the distortion of the propagating pulse due to frequency-dependent attenuation. The attenuation is estimated by adaptive processing based upon the criterion function calculated using estimates of the reflection coefficient. Simulated signals are used to investigate the ability of this method. Additionally, experimental results for reflected signals from a human liver show that the method is applicable to clinical cases. PMID- 3153658 TI - Overview of the Japan Society of Medical Electronics and Biological Engineering. PMID- 3153659 TI - Left ventricular image processing of 2-D echocardiograms and 3-D reconstruction of the left ventricle. AB - Image processing systems of echocardiograms are discussed. The left ventricular boundary on every 2-D echocardiogram on consecutive frames digitized with an ECG (electrocardiogram) signal is traced automatically after initial manual drawing of the boundary on an end diastolic image. Various cardiac parameters are derived from these left ventricular boundaries over a cardiac cycle: volume change, regional wall motion, percentage shortening of regional wall and so on. 3-D shapes of the left ventricle and myocardium are reconstructed from several sequences of cross-sectional echo data. Cardiac parameters are also derived from these 3-D shapes and are shown on 3-D shapes as functional images of 3-D left ventricle. PMID- 3153661 TI - Massively parallel implementations of theories for apparent motion. AB - Two solutions for the correspondence problem for long-range motion are investigated. The first is a modification of the Minimal Mapping Theory (S. Ullman: The Interpretation of Visual Motion, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1979) that is implemented by a massively parallel network. In this network, every two units are interconnected, and thus, its convergence is fast and relatively independent of the number of image features. Computer simulations show that our method accounts as well as the Minimal Mapping Theory for apparent-motion phenomena, although some differences exist. Mathematical proofs provide conditions for the convergence of the network. The second 'solution' for the correspondence problem is called the Structural Theory. This theory assumes that the three-dimensional structure of viewed objects does not change fast in time. Then, the theory looks for the correspondence and three-dimensional structure that best fulfill this assumption. A massively parallel network implementation of this theory is also possible. However, its performance is poor due to the high complexity of its solution space. This supports Ullman's (1979) suggestion that the visual system separates the structure-from-motion process into two stages. First, a stage for motion measurement, and then a stage for structure recovery. PMID- 3153660 TI - The effect of exposure duration on the analysis of spatial structure in eccentric vision. AB - There is some evidence from grating experiments that the transient presentation of a stimulus pattern interferes with the encoding of positional relationships between pattern elements (i.e. the analysis of spatial structure) more in eccentric vision than in central vision. The present study investigated the effect of exposure duration on the analysis of spatial structure in eccentric vision using a task in which the observer discriminated between two mirror symmetric patterns consisting of short line segments. In each trial, the two patterns were flashed for 140 or 500 ms, and the observer had to decide whether the patterns were identical or mirror symmetric. Both constant-size and size scaled patterns were used in eccentric vision. The longer exposure duration slightly increased the proportion of correct responses in eccentric vision but performance remained distinctly inferior to that in central vision. PMID- 3153662 TI - Subjective effects of displacement errors in electronically processed stereo television pictures. AB - Several aspects of the roles of object contours and of rivalry and suppression in binocular vision are considered in a TV engineering context. Three experiments, using 3D b/w stills, were conducted to explore subjective effects of irregular horizontal shifts at object contours (displacement errors), which are expected to be a typical picture impairment problem of future 3D TV multi-viewpoint systems. Performance and rating tasks on a wide range of impairment magnitudes and various picture parameters served to give a quantitative estimate of the influence of displacement errors on: (1) correctness of binocular depth perception; and (2) picture quality. Two experiments (constant vs. variable location of impairments over time) with vertical grating stimuli showed binocular depth perception to withstand levels of up to 90% misplaced contour elements in one part of the stereo pair. Quality assessments were much more critical. They depended both on the proportion of impaired pixels and on the maximum horizontal width of individual impairments. A corresponding stimulus model was found to be valid for pictures with natural content, too. Impairments were less annoying when visible by only one eye instead of both. A specific formulation is given of the influence of contrast and spatial frequency features on performance. PMID- 3153663 TI - Influence of local orientation cues on estimating the tilt of two-dimensional patterns. AB - Ten subjects estimated the orientation of elongated random patterns composed of dots or short line segments. The estimated overall orientation of the patterns was influenced by the local orientation of the composing lines. Thus, when they formed an angle of 5.7 deg with the orientation of the least-squared-distances axis (LS-axis) of the pattern there was an effect of 'attraction', and when this angle was 22.9 deg, an effect of 'repulsion'. Estimated orientation coincided with the orientation of the LS-axis for angles of 11.5 and 45.8 deg, and when the patterns were composed of dots. The results point to interactions between different mechanisms involved in orientation perception. PMID- 3153664 TI - Simultaneous processing of spatial and chromatic components of patterned stimuli by the human visual system. AB - We report measurements on discrimination of orientation and magnification made for elements differentiated in colour and/or luminance from their background. By performing measurements at a series of background luminances and for fixed luminance of the elements, we show that with colour contrast, discrimination for both spatial parameters is unimpaired when the background is at isoluminance with the elements. Under simple luminance contrast, however, these discriminations become poorer when the background luminance is within some +/- 5% of that of the elements, and are completely absent when the two values are the same. A deuteranomalous subject is unable to make the spatial discrimination around the isoluminance point for colour contrasts which are too small for him to distinguish, but for which subjects with normal colour vision maintain spatial discriminations at isoluminance. This observation establishes that the physiological mechanisms of normal colour vision, rather than stimulus artefacts, mediate the observed spatial discriminations. We conclude that the visual processing of colour and spatial parameters such as orientation and magnification are intrinsically related to each other. PMID- 3153666 TI - Reduction of the blocking effect in block-coded images using a model of early human vision. AB - We propose a method, based on lowpass and bandpass components of Granrath's early human vision model, which reduces the blocking effect in block-coded images. The method consists of a lowpass filtering stage to smooth out the blocking effect and a contrast-enhancement stage to increase contrast in the restored image. Experimental results of the method show better performance than that of conventional methods for reducing blocking effects. PMID- 3153665 TI - Space-variant visual processing: spatially limited visual channels. AB - A multichannel model incorporating visual inhomogeneity is presented in this paper. The parameters that describe inhomogeneity have been experimentally obtained both at threshold and in several suprathreshold conditions. At threshold, probability summation is taken into account in order to determine the spatial extent of visual channels from experimental data showing an asymptotic increase in sensitivity with increasing grating area. At suprathreshold contrast, the region where luminance variations at several scales are visible has also been found. The results support a spatially limited multichannel model of early visual processing and set out a basis for studying perceptual phenomena from the viewpoint of linear space-variant visual processing. PMID- 3153667 TI - On the trichromatic and opponent-process theories: an article by E. Schrodinger. AB - A translation of Schrodinger's paper, 'On the relation of the tetrachromatic theory to the trichromatic theory' (1925), is accompanied by a commentary. Schrodinger applies a projective transformation to a standard chromaticity diagram, to demonstrate the common geometry of the chromaticity diagrams derived from the trichromatic and opponent-process theories of color vision. PMID- 3153668 TI - The limits of parallel processing in the visual discrimination of orientation and magnification. AB - We present the results of an experimental study on visual pattern discrimination by human subjects. The stimuli consisted of a single target element embedded in a multi-element reference field and response times, T1/2, for 50% probability of detection of the target element were measured as a function of the number of reference elements, N. Two response patterns were observed, one in which T1/2 is effectively independent of N, and the other in which it is approximately proportional to N. We argue that these two response classes reflect two different modes of discrimination, the former mediated by parallel processing, which does not require scanning of the elements in order to discriminate the target, whereas the other involves sequential scanning of the elements, in order that the target can be discriminated under foveal examination. We show that a target element differentiated from the reference elements by virtue of orientation or magnification can be discriminated under parallel processing, except when the value of the distinguishing parameter is too small, or when the individual elements are insufficiently well defined. We also establish that targets differentiated from the reference elements by (partial) charges in symmetry can also be discriminated by parallel processing. PMID- 3153669 TI - Line endings and subjective contours. AB - Subjective forms depend exquisitely on the shapes of the termini of the bars acting as inducers. In particular, they follow small stretches of contour at the termini. Subjective brightness effects without precise boundaries are generated when the termini are pointed. PMID- 3153671 TI - Tracking multiple independent targets: evidence for a parallel tracking mechanism. AB - There is considerable evidence that visual attention is concentrated at a single locus in the visual field, and that this locus can be moved independent of eye movements. Two studies are reported which suggest that, while certain aspects of attention require that locations be scanned serially, at least one operation may be carried out in parallel across several independent loci in the visual field. That is the operation of indexing features and tracking their identity. The studies show that: (a) subjects are able to track a subset of up to 5 objects in a field of 10 identical randomly-moving objects in order to distinguish a change in a target from a change in a distractor; and (b) when the speed and distance parameters of the display are designed so that, on the basis of some very conservative assumptions about the speed of attention movement and encoding times, the predicted performance of a serial scanning and updating algorithm would not exceed about 40% accuracy, subjects still manage to do the task with 87% accuracy. These findings are discussed in relation to an earlier, and independently motivated model of feature-binding--called the FINST model--which posits a primitive identity maintenance mechanism that indexes and tracks a limited number of visual objects in parallel. These indexes are hypothesized to serve the function of binding visual features prior to subsequent pattern recognition. PMID- 3153670 TI - A linear model for symmetric receptive fields: implications for classification tests with flashed and moving images. AB - The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of spatial and temporal properties on the expected responses of visual neurons that have linear receptive fields (RFs), particularly those having a mirror symmetric distribution of spatial subregions. Receptive fields that are symmetric in at least one spatial dimension occur in neurons of the retina, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and the visual cortex of mammals. Responses to flashing bars, moving bars, and moving edges were studied for different configurations of an analog RF model in which spatial and temporal aspects were varied independently. Responses of the model at intermediate stimulus speeds were found to agree with responses in the literature for X and Y units of the LGN and often for simple units of the visual cortex. In particular, having separated regions of response to light and dark edges, an identifying property of simple cells, was found to be a linear consequence of RF regions responding inversely to stimuli of opposite polarity. Model differences from responses of cortical complex units show that a linear model cannot mimic their responses, and imply that complex units employ major nonlinearities in coding image polarity (light vs dark), which signifies a nonlinearity in coding intensity. Because sudden flux changes inherent in flashing bars test mainly temporal RF properties, and slowly moving edges test mainly spatial properties, these two tests form a useful minimal set with which to describe and classify RFs. The usefulness of this set derives both from its sensitivity to spatial and temporal variables, and from the correlation between the linearity of a cell's processing of stimulus intensity and its RF classification. PMID- 3153672 TI - Early-visual factors in letter confusions. AB - For the purpose of quantifying models of letter recognition, similarities are often specified in terms of stimulus properties. In this paper, an approach is advocated based on similarities between internal letter representations or internal letter images, i.e. it is argued that optical and retinal factors play a more prominent role in letter confusions than is usually assumed. To illustrate this, letter images were calculated on the basis of earlier experimentally determined point spread functions (Blommaert et al., Spatial Vision 2, 99-115, 1987). Next, data on confusion matrices from Bouma (Vision Res. 11, 459-474, 1971) were taken to evaluate different measures which might be useful for quantifying similarities between internal letter representations. In the analysis of experimental data, Luce's (In: Handbook of Mathematical Psychology, 1963) choice model was used. It was found that if similarities were expressed in terms of differences between image contours, a fair first order approximation of Bouma's experimental results could be formulated (overall correlation coefficient of 0.95). Other measures like correlations between spatial frequency spectra of letter images were found to be less successful. The method used provides a means to relate quantitatively stimulus features and optical and early-visual factors to letter confusions. PMID- 3153673 TI - Border effects on brightness: a review of findings, models and issues. AB - This paper presents a summary of experimental findings, theoretical models and unresolved issues regarding border effects on brightness, of which the Cornsweet illusion (Cornsweet, 1970 Visual Perception. Academic Press: New York) is the best-known example. It is argued that no current theoretical model completely accounts for the wide variety of effects described. Contrast sensitivity function (CSF) models can explain many low-contrast, but not high-contrast, border effects. Lightness integration models based on Land and McCann's retinex theory (Land and McCann, 1971. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 61, pp. 1-11) have the advantage over CSF models in that they predict transitivity of border effects where they are found to occur. However, they fail to predict the appearance of a variety of Cornsweet-like figures, have never been tested with relatively high contrast versions of those figures, and have only been implemented by qualitative demonstration. It is argued that edge-detector models are potentially the most promising theoretical candidates but, as with lightness-integration models, they have invariably relied on qualitative demonstrations and have only dealt with low contrast border effects. A computational edge-detector model which predicts the appearance of both high and low contrast Cornsweet figures is proposed and its advantages over other models, as well as its current limitations, are discussed. The final section discusses the neural locus for border effects in brightness. PMID- 3153675 TI - Anisotropy in the chromatic channel: a horizontal-vertical effect. AB - We compared the chromatic contrast thresholds of drifting (2Hz) red-green sine wave gratings of horizontal, vertical, and two oblique orientations at three spatial frequencies (2, 4, 8 cpd). Luminance contrast thresholds for yellow-black gratings were also obtained. The classic oblique effect was found for high spatial frequency luminance and chromatic stimuli. For chromatic thresholds, a significant difference was found between the horizontal and vertical thresholds of all observers. One observer was retested with her head tilted 45 deg and demonstrated that the anisotropy was specific to retinal coordinates. These results give evidence for orientation selectivity in the chromatic channel which is at least partially independent of that in the luminance channel. We estimated the degree of lateral chromatic aberration in our observers' eyes and discuss the possible contribution of this aberration to the horizontal-vertical difference in the chromatic channel. PMID- 3153674 TI - Models for preattentive texture discrimination: Fourier analysis and local feature processing in a unified framework. AB - Spatial frequency analysis and local feature analysis may be considered to be examples of a class of models for texture discrimination. In this theoretical framework, texture discrimination relies on differences in the distribution of responses generated in linear receptive fields placed randomly on the texture. If the set of receptive fields is taken to be a collection of gratings, spatial frequency analysis is recovered. If the set of receptive-fields is taken to be a collection of local feature templates, a corresponding local-feature model is recovered. In order to test such models, it is necessary to construct distinct texture pairs that elicit similar distributions of responses for all of the postulated receptive field profiles: the model prediction is that such textures are not discriminable. A method is provided for construction of such textures which test generic models within this framework. This framework includes not only strict Fourier analysis, but also models which postulate a collection of arbitrarily-shaped local feature detectors, and models which postulate both Fourier analysis and local feature detection. PMID- 3153676 TI - A model of visible persistence and temporal integration. AB - A quantitative model of temporal integration and visible persistence is described and tested. The model treats visible persistence as resulting from processing activity within sustained visual channels whose temporal response is modelled using a second-order control system. Temporal integration of two successive stimuli is assumed to be enabled by the overlap between the two periods of activity and to be impaired by the non-overlapping activity. The model successfully predicts the effects of inter-stimulus interval and of stimulus duration on goodness of temporal integration. PMID- 3153677 TI - Discrimination of spatial phase changes: contrast and position codes. AB - Changing the relative phase of the frequency components of a stimulus usually also produces local contrast variations. Using stimuli composed of the product of a sinusoid (carrier) and a spatial envelope, an attempt was made to distinguish between the visual system's ability to code spatial phase on the one hand and local contrast and position cues on the other. The experiments assess the ability of observers to detect which of two stimuli is farther to the left. In the main experiments a large, easily detectable, envelope shift is presented on every trial and performance is measured as a function of the size of a carrier shift in the same direction. Increasing the size of the carrier shift gradually increases the size of the phase difference between the two stimuli in a trial but simultaneously reduces the contrast change in the bars of the stimulus. If the visual system can code phase directly the ability of observers to detect a change in location should improve as the size of the carrier shift increases but if local contrast is coded performance should be poorer over a small range of carrier shifts than that obtained without a carrier shift. It is shown that a region of poorer performance is obtained and therefore it is concluded that the visual system does not code spatial phase explicitly. PMID- 3153678 TI - [Indications and limitations of sealants use in incipient carious lesions]. AB - The application of occlusal sealants has been well established as an effective and safe measure in preventing dental caries since many years. Although the use of pit and fissure sealants on incipient occlusal carious lesions has been suggested as a safe procedure, several points and questions still exist. The aim of this paper was to search the literature present the pertinent studies and critically evaluating the results to give some answers for the better use of sealants on occlusal incipient carious lesions. The clinical practitioner is going to find some answers in this paper on: 1) whether there is a need for using sealants on incipient lesions, 2) what might be the progress of an undetected incipient lesion sealed with a sealant in terms of the overall benefit or dentiment to the tooth and 3) in the case where there is a detectable lesion, what might be the efficacy of the sealants in consolidating, retarding, or preventing the progress of such a lesion. Most of the studies agree that incipient lesions at an early stage and before a cavitation occurs should sealed and followed closely. Regarding the therapeutic use of sealants there is no a definite or conclusive answer. The practitioner should be very concious and skeptical since there are many unanswered questions and not enough data supporting such a procedure. PMID- 3153679 TI - [Risk of HIV infection among health care workers, dental team and household contacts]. AB - The transmission of HIV infection through contaminated blood and blood products is of a great concern to the medical and dental community and household contacts. The available data support the concept that the risk of causal nosocomial transmission of HIV following needlestick or mucous membranes injuries is extremely low (0.44%). On the other hand no dental professionals, not belonging to any AIDS-high risk group, have showed HIV-antibodies. However, recently one New York dentist, who treated high risk individuals and did not use barrier techniques was found to be HIV antibody positive. Despite of the fact that the risk of causal transmission of HIV is low, appropriate barrier techniques must be used to prevent such transmission. Various studies indicate that household contacts who are not sexual partner of patients with AIDS are at minimal or no risk for horizontal transmission of HIV-infection. PMID- 3153680 TI - [Antibiotic levels in blood serum and mandibular bone in rats with and without phenylbutazone administration]. AB - Antibiotics' level was estimated in mandible and serum of wistar albino rats with and without co-administration of phenylbutazone, 5 groups of animals were used. The animals of group A were injected with 1 g/kg ampicillin and these of group B 1g/kg ampicillin and 100 mg/kg phenylbutazone im. To the animals of group C cephapirin was given 1 g/kg and these of group D 1g/kg cephapirin with 100 mg/kg phenylbutazone. The animals of group E were injected only with phenylbutazone. All the drugs, were given at a single dose. The level of antibiotics was estimated in serum and in mandible with the method of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). An increase of the levels of antibiotics (ampicillin, cephapirin) was observed in those groups (B, D) to the animals of which phenylbutazone was given (together with antibiotics), compared with the groups (A, C) which had received antibiotics alone. PMID- 3153681 TI - [Compressive and bend strength of experimental admixed high copper alloys]. AB - Mixed alloys for dental amalgams have been used mainly in the form of admixed alloys, where eutectic spheres are blend with conventional flakes. In the present study the compressive strength, bend strength and microstructure of two high copper alloys (Tytin, Ana-2000) is compared with three experimental alloys prepared of the two high copper by mixing them in proportions of 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 by weight. The results revealed that experimental alloys inherited high early and final strength values without any significant change in their microstructure. PMID- 3153682 TI - [Giant cell granulomas of the jaws]. AB - The giant cell granulomas of jaws is one of the most interesting subjects of the oral surgery not only of their elective development in the jaws but also of their atypical clinical and radiographic pictures. The elements that raised doubts and discussions about the giant cell granulomas of jaws are: a) the numerous theories about their histogenesis and b) the suggestions of some authors that they are tumours quite similar to the giant cell tumours because of their neoplastic behaviour. In the treatment of 34 selected cases of giant cell granulomas of jaws in patients aged 1-70 years old we discussed our experience concerning the clinical behaviour and the x-rays picture. The treatment must be prudent conservative as well as prudent radical. PMID- 3153683 TI - [Dental health practices of 506 Greek adults attending a dental clinic]. AB - A recording of dental education and oral hygiene practices of 506 adults attending the clinics of Preventive Dentistry and Periodontics of the University of Thessaloniki, by answering a questionnaire, has been attempted. The answers were treated statistically using the chi 2 test according to sex, age and educational status. It appears that 49% of men and 27% of women do not brush their teeth daily (7% of men never do), while age, sex and education are significant parameters of most dental practices examined. Only 24% have been shown brushing technique by a dentist, whilst toothbrush selection is mainly based on advertisement or non-professional advice. Although about 84% of the dentifrices sold in Thessaloniki contain fluoride, only 20% of this sample were aware of its usefulness. The results call for urging the public to higher dental education and motivation to practicing oral hygiene procedures. PMID- 3153684 TI - [Alveolar ridge augmentation with nonresorbable hydroxylapatite]. AB - A two year prospective evaluation of the use of nonresorbable, hydroxylapatite to augment deficient alveolar ridges was performed. Implants were delivered subperosteally, usually using local or general anesthesia. The resultant stable, soft tissue base and improved ridge height and contour have contributed to a comfortable, retentive, stable denture for these patients. PMID- 3153685 TI - [Serum and mandible alterations of antibiotics levels under increased serum FFA]. AB - The levels of three antibiotics (Cefapirin, Doxycycline, Gentamicin) were studied in an experimental model (swimming stress) with elevated serum FFA. Sixty Wistar rats were in three groups used divided. Each group consisted of 3 subgroups. The subgroups A and B were submitted in swimming stress procedure for 10 and 20 days. The subgroup C was the control group. Since stress increases the FFA the concentration of antibiotics in blood and bone are influenced. According to the estimation of the result the following were observed: 1) Increase of FFA in stress groups 2) Weight increase of adrenals in stress groups which means that the stress procedure was effective 3) Increase of cefapirin level 4) Increase of doxycyclin 5) Increase of gentamicin 6) Increase of haematocrite. PMID- 3153686 TI - [Development of dental tissues innervation in primary teeth. Experimental study on dogs]. AB - In this work it was studied the innervation of pulp-dentin in primary premolars on experimental - dogs of 15, 35, 55 days old, with the aid of stainings Alcian blue/PAS and Bielschowsky. On 15 days old experimental dogs there were seen nerve fibres subodontoblastically. On 35 days old experimental dogs nerve fibres were directed towards the odontoblasts, there were also seen neural loops subodontoblastically and terminal nerve fibres on the exterior surface of the vessels. On 55 days old experimental dogs there was seen a great number of argyrophilic fibres in the district of the relapse of the dentine and pulp. PMID- 3153688 TI - [Histomorphological appearance of epithelial root diaphragm during the cervical root development in multirooted teeth]. AB - The epithelial diaphragm during the I stage of root development was studied in premolar teeth of dogs by light microscopy. There were observed such with a rounded tip or with a sharp. In the rounded tip there were appeared three cell layers, and with a sharp tip there was no difference between cells of outer and inner layer. PMID- 3153687 TI - [Serum's immunoglobulins in dental caries with or not dental alloy]. AB - In 51 individuals with dental caries (mean age +/- SE, 30, 12 +/- 1, 43) were determined the serum's immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM and the ration IgG/IgA. The levels of them were compared with the levels of immunoglobulins of 53 individuals (mean age +/- SE 36, 78 +/- 1, 86) with no significant difference (p greater than 0.1). Also, no significant difference (p greater than 0.1) was observed between the levels of immunoglobulins of the two subgroups, one with dental caries only (n = 32) and another with dental caries and alloy (n = 19). When in the two subgroups was taken care the dental caries degree the mean levels of the above parameters were differenciated. The mean level of IgG was significant lower in the subgroup with high caries degree without alloy (p less than 0.01) comparing with low caries degree. This difference was not observed between the subgroups where there was dental alloy. Also lower mean level of IgA was observed in the subgroup with high caries experience without prosthesis in contrast with the subgroup where there was dental alloy where the mean level of IgA was higher comparing these with the corresponding comparing subgroups. These differences were not significant (p greater than 0.1). The charge of the IgG/IgA ration was similarly lower in the subgroup with or without dental alloy. Also no significant was found between the levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, in relation to preexisting dental alloy or not. Our results show that the levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, can be affected not only of the dental caries degree but also of the preexisting dental alloy. PMID- 3153689 TI - [Extraoral odontogenic fistulas: a classification and a differential diagnosis from other type head and neck fistulas]. AB - The majority of extraoral facial fistulas are of odontogenic origin. Although the differential diagnosis of draining lesions should include various types of skin infection, infected tumour, specific infections, failed wound healing, foreign body, salivary gland fistula, sebaceous cysts and developmental cysts and fistulas. This report documents a group of patients with extraoral draining skin lesions and illustrates that their diagnosis is very important because clinically they can resemble many pathologic entities. One hundred and twenty-eight cases of extraoral fistulas are presented in this paper. This study aims to analyse a number of fistula cases so as to give a clear idea about relative frequency of etiology and to attract to some cases of non odontogenic etiology. PMID- 3153690 TI - [Problems in interpreting data from pulp vitality tests]. AB - In this article uses of pulp vitality tests are presented and the most important of the problems in interpreting data obtained from pulp vitality tests are unalyticaly presented. PMID- 3153692 TI - [Reiter's syndrome oral manifestations]. AB - Reiter's syndrome is characterized by arthritis, non-gonococcal urethritis, conjunctivitis and mucocutaneous lesions. Oral lesions occur in 20-40% of the cases. They appear as papules and ulcerations on the buccal mucosa, gingiva and lips. Lesions on the tongue resemple "geographic tongue". One case of Reiter's syndrome is described. The significance of the clinical lesions, their microscopic appearance and the differential diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 3153691 TI - [Dentinal hypersensitivity in periodontal disease. Aetiology Aetiology- management]. AB - The exposure of dentine has a multifactoral aetiology and pain may frequently be elicited by a number of stimuli. Management of dentinal hypersensitivity tends to be empirical because of the lack of knowledge concerning the mechanism of pain transmission through dentine. Nevertheless, whichever theory proves to be correct, occlusion of dentinal tubules would appear an essential prerequisite for an effective desensitising agent. A large number of compounds as well as iontophoresis have been employed in the management of dentinal hypersensitivity. These desensitising agents are: sodium, fluoride, stannous fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, strontium chloride, calcium hydroxide, potassium nitrate, silver nitrate, formalin, corticosteroids, resins, varnishes and glass ionomers. The most effective of the compounds mentioned above, are fluorides used as gels, varnishes, mouthwashes or toothpastes, strontium chloride and potassium nitrate. PMID- 3153693 TI - [Epidermolysis bullosa dystrofica. Report of a case]. AB - The dystrophic recessive type of epidermolysis bullosa affects the oral mucosa. Bullae which eventually rupture leaving painful ulcerations and finally lead to scarring usually appear on the tongue, cheek, lips and gingiva. A case of recessive dystrophic polydysplastic epidermolysis bullosa with oral manifestations in a female 23 years old is described in this paper. The patient had all the clinical characteristics of the disease. PMID- 3153694 TI - [Chemomechanical means of removing caries--Caridex system]. AB - In 1976 Goldman M. and Kronman J. reported on the effects of a N-monochloro-DL-2 aminobutyrate (NMAB) solution used as a caries removal agent. Since that time various studies demonstrated the safety and clinical acceptability of the solution. No adverse side effects have been reported for NMAB. NMAB is formed in aqueous solution through the reaction of two separate components supplied as Caridex solution I (dilute DL-2-aminobutyric acid) and II (sodium hypochloride in weak alkaline solution). The Caridex delivery system includes a pump, a heater, a solution reservoir and a handpiece to hold the applicator tip. The Caridex is based on the softening effect of NMAB, when it is applied continuously with the applicator tip to carious lesions. In addition to the Caridex rotary instruments and other devices ordinarily used for cavity preparation are used as required Caridex reduce patient pain and anxiety but also has limitations. It cannot totally replace the conventional methods of caries removal and cavity preparation. It can be used on a supplementary method for caries removal, also it is necessary to balance a some what longer treatment time against its advantages. PMID- 3153695 TI - [A simplified technique for the clinical measurement of the Frankfort-mandibular plane angle]. AB - The FMA is an angle formed by the intersection of the Frankfort horizontal plane and the mandibular plane. The significance of the FMA to prosthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning and prognosis has been well documented. The objective of this study was to determine the reliability of an instrument designed for the clinical measurement of the FMA. 10 dried skulls (dentate dentulous or partially edentulous) were used in this preliminary study. To ensure the firm position of the mandibles during measurements all mandibles were firmly attached to the upper members of the skulls by a combination of compound and adhesive tape. The FMA was measured on both sides (right-left) of each skull a total of two times by two examiners. The average of the four readings was taken as the final clinical measurement. Lateral cephalometric roentgenograms were obtained for all skulls using standard Radiological techniques. Tracings were made on acetate from all the radiographs and the deviation between the two planes (Frankfort-Mandibular) was measured. The data were statistically analyzed using the student's paired t test. The results of this preliminary study indicate that the instrument is reliable. Further clinical application however and research is needed to confirm our results and make the instrument a valuable tool to the hands of the clinician. PMID- 3153696 TI - [Reasons and factors which are causing tooth loss in the population of Greece]. AB - The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for tooth loss among the population of Greece and the factors which contribute to it. A total of 600 individuals, ages 18-50, was included in this study. During the examination the following were recorded: 1) The number of teeth which had already been lost and the number of teeth which had to be extracted. 2) The dental disease which was responsible for tooth loss. 3) The age, the socioeconomic status, the oral hygiene habits and the dental care of the individual. For the entire age group the percentages of teeth which had to be extracted due to caries, periodontal disease or other reasons were 68.7%, 12.3% and 19.0% respectively. The percentages of teeth which had been lost due to caries, periodontal disease or other reasons were 56.5%, 10.8% and 32.8%. The mean number of extractions of individuals was inversely related to their oral hygiene habits and frequency of visits to their dentist. Tooth loss was greater among the rural population than the urban population. People of the higher socioeconomic class tend to have a lower number of extractions. PMID- 3153697 TI - [Xerostomia--a complication of antihypertensive drugs]. AB - A hundred fifty six patients taking antihypertensive drugs and complaining for xerostomia were examined, in order to compare the incidence of xerostomia with age and sex of those patients. Xerostomia was recorded in 62.3% of the patients. In 74.2% of the patients taking sympatholytic drugs xerostomia was recorded, and in 64.3% of the patients taking diuretic drugs. Xerostomia seemed to be a complication of ageing in both sexes with a predilection in women. Finally, the incidence of xerostomia during the first six months was 32%. PMID- 3153698 TI - [New aspects for the caries of deep cavities]. AB - This article refers to the contemporary aspects about the carious lesions in the deepest parts of a cavity near the pulp. In these situations the problem that arises is to how deeply this carious dentine should be excavated without the risk of destroying the pulp. On this question there have been expressed two divergent opinions based also on two divergent theories. The one theory supports that during the carious process the microorganisms proceed the decalcification of the dentin, whereas the other theory supports the opposite view. According to the new aspects, in acute carious lesions the decalcification proceeds the bacteria, while in chronic caries the microorganisms, the discoloration and the bacterial invasion are closer to each other. This article also refers to the microflora of deep carious lesions and to the fate of bacteria that remain under the fillings. From this paper we come to the following conclusions: 1) In certain clearly defined conditions some carious dentine should be left at the base of a cavity in order to avoid the pulp exposure. But the periphery of the cavity must be unquestionably caries-free. 2) Few microbes always remain after the excavation of the carious cavities. 3) These microbes under well-fitting restorations do not proliferate and gradually die. 4) The defensive properties of the pulp play also a significant role, because pulp immunoglobulins are able to react upon invasive bacteria. 5) Finally, it must be emphasized that the clinical dentist must not underestimate the microbial role and action. PMID- 3153699 TI - [Estimation of tooth-length]. AB - A variety of methods have been proposed for the accurate determination of the tooth length which is concidered to be a stage of major importance in endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study is to present briefly the basic functional principles of each one of them and evaluate them comparatively. PMID- 3153700 TI - [The management of functional disturbances of the stomatognathic system]. AB - The management of functional disturbances of the stomatognathic system requires long term follow up. The complexity of managing TMJ dysfunction is reflected in the variety of treatment modalities. Almost all clinicians claim successful results with their treatment, although in our days it seems that simple reversible treatment methods are more favourable than others complicated irreversible technics. Treatment problems and failures, related to mandibular repositioning appliances, surgery and restorative dentistry caused a major shift in ideas concerning the natural history of functional disturbances of the stomatognathic system and suggest the need to reconsider the various approaches to the treatment of the TMJ. The majority of patients improve by simple methods as Biofeedback, Physiotherapy, full arch stabilization splints etc. The dentist should insure patients' compliance and very carefully inform the patient for all the details, the expectations and the complications of treatment, concerning more complicated irreversible technics, such as occlusal adjustment, orthodontics, restorative dentistry, surgery of the TMJ and orthognathic surgery. PMID- 3153701 TI - [The method "Nasteff-Rosenthal" for the treatment of large cysts of the jaws]. AB - The surgical technique of Nasteff-Rosenthal has been applied in cases of large cysts in mandible and maxilla. This technique includes complete enucleation of the cyst, replacement of the soft tissue flap and reduction of the dead space by placing matress sutures across the walls of the remaining bone cavity. The results of this operation are discussed. PMID- 3153702 TI - [In vitro effect of an air-powder abrasive system on the susceptibility of dental tissues to artificial caries]. AB - An air-powder jet abrasive system has recently been introduced for stain removal from teeth. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether its abrasive effect on enamel and on the root renders these surfaces more caries prone. The AIR-FLOW (EMS SA) abrasive was directed for 30 seconds on predetermined (test) sites of the crown and the root of each of 10 teeth, under controlled conditions. These and adjacent (control) sites in the form of windows, were then exposed to an acid gel for caries-like lesion formation. The central sections of each window were examined under the polarizing microscope. The enamel treated with the abrasive appeared somewhat roughened while the root showed crater-like abrasion defects averaging 303 mm (+/- 140) in depth. The mean depth of enamel test lesions was 253 mm (+/- 77) and that of control lesions 98 mm (+/- 77), the difference being statistically significant (p less than 0.001). The corresponding values for the root lesions were 695 mm (+/- 103) and 695 mm (+/- 120) respectively. Consequently, enamel surface modification by AIR-FLOW decreased the resistance of enamel to caries-like lesions in vitro and it is postulated that this may also happen at "susceptible sites" in vivo. Loss of cementum and superficial dentine abraded by AIR-FLOW was significant but did not lead to increased root susceptibility to caries-like lesions in vitro. PMID- 3153703 TI - [Pain after obturation of the root canals]. AB - This study was conducted to determine the incidence and degree of postobturation pain and to determine whether there is a significant relationship between pain and any clinical factors or conditions existing before, during, or at the completion of the root canal therapy. Of the 239 patients included in the study, 203 (84.9%) had no pain during the first 48 hours, 26 (10.9%) had slight pain, 5 (2.1%) had moderate pain and 5 (2.1%) had severe pain. Thirty days after obturation 3 patients had slight pain, 2 patients moderate pain and only one patient had severe pain. Meanwhile, we had to repeat the root canal therapy in 3 cases. Significant relationships were found between postobturation pain and obturation of the root canal past the apical foramen. PMID- 3153704 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma limited to the labial mucosa and perioral skin]. AB - A 73 year-old male with a Kaposi's sarcoma presenting as multiple, red-purple papules and nodules on the vermillion border and as ulcerations on the labial mucosa, is described. No other skin or organ involvements were found. The main clinical and histopathological characteristics of the classic form of Kaposi's sarcoma are briefly discussed and the recent aspects on tumor histogenesis and pathogenesis are analysed. PMID- 3153705 TI - [Correlation between pregnancy and dental caries]. AB - The purpose of this review is to examine the correlation between pregnancy and dental caries. The epidemiologic results are few and controversial, leading to no certain conclusion. The possible causes of caries during pregnancy are: changes in saliva and mouth flora, vomiting, neglected oral hygiene and nutritional changes. The causes are extensively discussed, particularly the last two, which seem to be the basic ones, although the others cannot be rejected. The increased needs of dental care of the woman during pregnancy must be emphasized, as well as her special management during the dental treatment. Treating the pregnant patient is a task of a group of specialists which should include the dentist, too. A protocol for facing the pregnant's dental treatment needs is suggested. PMID- 3153706 TI - ["Dose-risk" relationships at low doses of radiation]. AB - The ionizing radiation is inherently harmful to human beings, and people must be protected from unnecessary or excessive exposure to it. The harmful nature of high doses of x rays has been known for many years. However, for low doses such as those commonly employed in dental radiographic procedures the magnitude of the risk (or even if there is a risk) remains uncertain. The purpose of this paper is to do an analysis of the Dose-risk relationships at low doses of radiation according to the latest recommendations and philosophy of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). PMID- 3153707 TI - [The evaluation and rehabilitation of the abutment teeth of fixed partial dentures]. AB - Thorough evaluation of all structures that might contribute support to a prosthesis must certainly include natural teeth, since their number, location in the arch, individual position, mobility, vitality, crown-to-root ratio, root size and shape, susceptability to caries and pathologie involvement. One of the most important observations affecting treatment planning involves the condition of the occlusal plane of the remaining natural teeth. The use of periodontally weakened teeth as abutments is often debated but the prognosis of periodontal therapy and thus the possibility of using periodontally diseased teeth for prosthesis include: 1. The extention of the disease involvement. 2. Duration and progression. 3. Causative factors, including occlusal, bone level, pocket-dept and furcation involvement and 4. Attitude, cooperation and determination to provide home care. The development and the maintenance of bacterial plaque on the teeth is considered as a primary factor that causes inflammation and effects the Biological future of fixed prosthesis. PMID- 3153708 TI - [Oral habits. Etiology and treatment]. AB - Oral habits have been described by psychologists and psychyatrists as psychodynamic phenomena. Dentists are concerned with oral habits because of the detrimental consequences they have in the oral facial system. The dentist who is in a position to confront a child with an oral habit in order to treat his dentinofacial problems is required to be aware of the psychological background of his patient as well as of the conditions under which the children do the habit in order to overcome emotional difficulties. The dentist should also search into the child's family to find out what the causes of the child's oral habit maybe. For the treatment of an oral habit the dentist should ensure both the child's and the family's cooperation and he should be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of every available method for treatment. Methods of treatment are: Use of orthodontic appliances: This method has the disadvantage that disturbs the child's psychological need for the habit, it can be interpreted as a punishment, it is visible and it causes speaking difficulties. It should be applied only in cooperation with the child. Behavioristic technique: This method aims to reinforce the child's positive behavior according to the Skinnerian principle: stimulus-response-reward. It has fast results but it is a conditioned treatment. Psychoanalytic method: It could solve the problem of the child's primary need for the oral habit in a radical manner. However it is practically impossible to be applied in Dentistry. Behavior modification according to ego psychology. With this method we attempt to analyse and understand the psychological cause of an oral habit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3153710 TI - Anxiogenic effect of yohimbine in healthy subjects: comparison with caffeine and antagonism by clonidine and diazepam. AB - Three placebo-controlled double-blind and crossover trials were carried out to analyze the effects of oral yohimbine (YOH) 0.8 mg/kg on mood and performance in 16 healthy students. Subjective assessments (visual analogue scales, side-effects on questionnaire) and objective measurements (digit symbols, flicker fusion, tapping, heterophoria) were done at baseline, and post treatment. YOH shifted the healthy subjects' mood towards feeling panicked, elevated systolic blood pressure and plasma prolactin concentrations, reduced digit symbol substitution, and induced drowsiness and passiveness. Caffeine (CAF) 10 mg/kg raised plasma cortisol and rendered the subjects slightly panicked. Muzziness, clumsiness, tremor, chills and nausea were common after both YOH and CAF. Diazepam (DZ) 0.3 mg/kg given at 60 min antagonized some effects of CAF but failed to antagonize YOH. Clonidine (CLO) 100 micrograms counteracted YOH effects on blood pressure but less the subjective and hormonal effects. CLO 200 micrograms partly antagonized the pressor, sedative but not the hormonal responses of YOH. DZ counteracted YOH effects on plasma cortisol on panic but not on other subjective measures or plasma prolactin. Since CLO did not abolish YOH-induced prolactin increase, it is suggested that these effects of YOH are mediated not only via adrenergic alpha 2-receptors; other mechanisms made important contributions. PMID- 3153709 TI - Antidepressant plasma levels and clinical response in depressed patients treated with oxaprotiline and doxepin. AB - Relationship between plasma levels of a new tetracyclic antidepressant oxaprotiline and a tricyclic antidepressant doxepin, the clinical response and side-effects was studied in 30 patients with primary endogenous depression. Patients were treated following a placebo wash-out period with gradually increasing doses (75, 150, 225 mg/day) of either drug for 4 weeks. The clinical outcome (percentage of responders and of decrease in HAMD scores) was similar in groups of patients treated with the two drugs. No significant relationship was found between the plasma levels of the parent drugs (oxaprotiline or doxepin) and a measure of clinical response (HAMD scores). However, in patients treated with doxepin, there was a significant relationship between the therapeutic response and plasma levels of the drug's metabolite, desmethyldoxepin. In addition, side effects were more frequently observed in patients with higher plasma levels of both drugs. Incidences of anticholinergic side-effects was significantly higher in patients treated with doxepin. PMID- 3153711 TI - Effects of Neurotropin on polysomnographic patterns in normal humans. AB - The effects of Neurotropin, an analgesic drug, on polysomnographic patterns were investigated in 6 male healthy volunteers aged from 18 to 23 years (mean age 21.1 years). Polysomnographic recordings were made for 6 consecutive nights from each subject. An inert placebo, identical to the Neurotropin tablets, was given on the first 3 nights and on the sixth night. Forty-eight mg of Neurotropin (4 tablets containing 12 mg of Neurotropin each) was administered on the fourth and fifth nights. The drug and placebo were administered orally 30 min before starting the record of polysomnograms, i.e. around 22.00 h and continued until the natural awakening of the subjects the next morning. The polysomnographic record of the first night was discarded from the data, because of the first night effect. Neurotropin, given on the fourth night, significantly reduced total sleep time, stage 3 and percent of stage 3 as compared to those of the baseline placebo nights. Neurotropin given on the fifth night significantly decreased only total awakening time. These effects were not observed on the sixth placebo night (recovery night). As for the subjective assessments, no obvious changes were observed after administration of the drug. These results suggest that Neurotropin decreases total sleep time as well as stage 3 sleep. However, these effects are transient and unaccompanied by rebound phenomena. It is further suggested that Neurotropin seems to elevate slightly and transiently the arousal level. PMID- 3153713 TI - Current and historical concepts of opiate treatment in psychiatric disorders. AB - In recent years psychiatric research has rediscovered the theoretical and clinical importance of opiates, especially for the understanding of depressive disorders. However, opiate treatment is not a new therapeutic concept in psychiatry. The use of opium for "melancholia" and "mania" may be traced to ancient classical medicine. After Paracelsus and Sydenham, the psychiatry of the German Romantic Era widely discussed therapeutic opium use with the Engelken family going on to develop a structured opium treatment of depression in the first half of the nineteenth century. Although the underlying scientific problems of psychiatric opium therapy were never solved, it gained an outstanding position as a practical treatment for over 100 years. PMID- 3153712 TI - Rolipram versus imipramine in inpatients with major, "minor" or atypical depressive disorder: a double-blind double-dummy study aimed at testing a novel therapeutic approach. AB - Unlike conventional antidepressants, rolipram stimulates both the presynaptic as well as the postsynaptic component of monoaminergic transmission. Several double blind comparative trials are on the way to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of this novel compound. The present study was a randomized double-blind double-dummy comparison with imipramine in inpatients with major, "minor" and atypical depressions (DSM III). Results show no relevant differences between rolipram and imipramine regarding efficacy and safety. PMID- 3153714 TI - Transient response to amoxapine in depressed patients. AB - Amoxapine is an antidepressant drug with a fast onset of action. We report two cases of transient response to amoxapine and discuss possible explanations. PMID- 3153715 TI - [Pathologic changes of the peripheral vestibular system of the aged]. PMID- 3153716 TI - [Surgical anatomy of the posterior ampullary nerve]. PMID- 3153718 TI - [Translabyrinthine removal of acoustic neuroma]. PMID- 3153717 TI - [An electrophysiological study of the oxytocin antagonism on the ototoxic effects of ethacrynic acid]. PMID- 3153719 TI - [Electronystagmography in cervical torsion test]. PMID- 3153720 TI - [Experimental study of the effect of cochlear endolymphatic shunt operation on hearing]. PMID- 3153721 TI - [Choice of reconstructive method after resection of hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal carcinomas]. PMID- 3153722 TI - [Glottic reconstruction after subtotal laryngectomy]. PMID- 3153723 TI - [Partial laryngectomy for laryngeal carcinoma in 35 cases]. PMID- 3153724 TI - [Advance study in the etiology of Meniere's disease]. PMID- 3153725 TI - [Rapid eye movements]. PMID- 3153726 TI - [Normal value of 40Hz auditory event related potentials and anesthetic effects on guinea pigs]. PMID- 3153727 TI - [Brainstem electric response (BSR) evoked by tone burst in normal guinea pigs]. PMID- 3153728 TI - [Simultaneously recorded auditory brain stem responses and middle latency responses]. PMID- 3153729 TI - [Microsurgical anatomy of the round window]. PMID- 3153730 TI - [Morphological study of the cilia of human nasal mucosa]. PMID- 3153731 TI - [Applied anatomy of sphenopalatine foramen and vidian canals]. PMID- 3153732 TI - [Normal value of 40Hz auditory event related potentials]. PMID- 3153733 TI - [A pedigree analysis of aminoglycoside antibiotic ototoxicity in 43 families]. PMID- 3153734 TI - [Midline necrotic granuloma. A special type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 3153736 TI - [Congenital laryngeal web]. PMID- 3153735 TI - [Differential diagnosis of the disturbance of cricoarytenoid joint movement]. PMID- 3153737 TI - [Tinnitus]. PMID- 3153740 TI - [Radical neck dissection in the treatment of laryngeal carcinoma]. PMID- 3153739 TI - [Transmission and scanning electron microscopic observations on squamous carcinoma of the vocal cord]. PMID- 3153738 TI - [Prognostic implications of nuclear DNA content in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck]. PMID- 3153741 TI - [Treatment of pharyngeal fistula after laryngectomy]. PMID- 3153742 TI - [Changes of proteins in perilymph in acute suppurative otitis media in guinea pigs]. PMID- 3153743 TI - [Anatomic study of the posterior ampullary nerve]. PMID- 3153744 TI - [Effect of underwater explosion on submariners' auditory threshold and experimental study on guinea pigs]. PMID- 3153745 TI - [Human nasal mucociliary system]. PMID- 3153746 TI - [Application of action potential tuning curves in the evaluation of hearing loss caused by impulsive noise]. PMID- 3153747 TI - [Clinical significance of the Bekesy audiogram patterns and influence of masking]. PMID- 3153748 TI - [Diagnostic value of vestibular recruitment and decruitment in vertiginous patients]. PMID- 3153749 TI - [Relation between sex hormones and their receptors and laryngeal cancers]. PMID- 3153750 TI - [Aerotitis media: simulated test in animals]. PMID- 3153751 TI - [Histopathological observation on the inner ear barotrauma in guinea pigs]. PMID- 3153752 TI - [Electronystagmogram in otosclerosis]. PMID- 3153753 TI - [Acoustic admittance measurements in normal neonates]. PMID- 3153754 TI - [Nasal reconstruction using frontal tissue expansion]. PMID- 3153755 TI - [Specific intranasal provocation test for perennial allergic rhinitis]. PMID- 3153756 TI - [Autogenous nasal septum transplantation after resection of laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 3153757 TI - [Repair of oropharyngeal defect]. PMID- 3153758 TI - [Schwannoma of the head and neck region]. PMID- 3153760 TI - [Frequency specificity of the compound action potential evoked by filter click on the CAP tuning curves]. PMID- 3153759 TI - [Snoring]. PMID- 3153761 TI - [Time and frequency domain analysis of auditory brain-stem evoked potential in simulated acoustic tumor in guinea pigs]. PMID- 3153762 TI - [Changes in cochlear action potential response threshold and ACHE in guinea pigs after blast injury]. PMID- 3153763 TI - [Histology and ultrastructure of Corti's organ in guinea pigs with purulent otitis media]. PMID- 3153764 TI - [Experimental observations on cricothyroid approximative operation]. PMID- 3153765 TI - [Influence of hypertension and coronary heart disease on the hearing in the aged]. PMID- 3153766 TI - [Observation of the response of antigen in the basophilic cells in nasal mucosa in patients with allergic rhinitis]. PMID- 3153767 TI - [Application of the examination of the surface basophilic cells in nasal mucosa for diagnosis of allergic rhinitis]. PMID- 3153768 TI - [Classification of the severity of vocal cord paralysis]. PMID- 3153769 TI - [Vocal cord paralysis]. PMID- 3153770 TI - [Age-related inner ear injuries and presbycusis]. PMID- 3153771 TI - Surgical diseases of the liver, pancreas and biliary tract. PMID- 3153772 TI - Prevention of endotoxaemia in obstructive jaundice--a comparative study of bile salts. AB - Systemic endotoxaemia is associated with postoperative renal dysfunction in obstructive jaundice, and can be prevented by the pre-operative administration of certain bile salts. In order to find the most effective bile salt for use in this condition, a comparison of the anti-endotoxic activities of different bile salts was performed. Bile salts were incubated in vitro with endotoxin and the resultant endotoxin level was measured with a quantitative limulus assay. The in vivo effects of different oral bile salts on the intestinal absorption of radiolabelled endotoxin from rats with obstructive jaundice were compared. The in vitro and in vivo anti-endotoxic activities of bile salts related to their known detergent activities. Deoxycholic acid and its conjugates were the most effective and should be the bile salts of choice for further clinical evaluation in obstructive jaundice in man. PMID- 3153773 TI - HIDA scan in the follow-up of biliary-enteric anastomoses. AB - In order to assess the patency and function of biliary-enteric anastomoses performed in our Department of Surgery, 21 patients entered the following study, provided an informed consent was obtained. All the patients were affected by benign biliary tract diseases and underwent either Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (11 cases), or side-to-side choledochoduodenostomy (10 cases). The 21 patients were evaluated with Tc-99m-HIDA scanning at intervals of 20 days-36 months after the surgical procedure (mean 14 months). The images were obtained after intravenous injection of the radioactive medium (5 mCi) and the scans were taken at 1 min (1 frame/s), 3 min (1 frame/10 s), and 56 min (1 frame/2 min). THe data were analyzed by a Digital PDP 11/34 Computer System. This method allowed us to assess each individual patient for the patency of the anastomosis and, by computer analysis, to build up a profile of the timing of the passage of the radioactive medium through the anastomosis, a delayed passage across the anastomosis was always pathological. In conclusion, the 99m-Tc-HIDA scanning used in our study for long-term follow-up of biliary-enteric anastomoses is reliable and allows an assessment of prognosis. PMID- 3153774 TI - Ischaemic and metabolic treatment of hepatic tumours. AB - For treatment of malignancies, physical and metabolic differences between tumour cells and host cells have guided the development of new approaches. In this review, two new approaches to be used in the treatment of liver malignancies are outlined: ischaemic therapy and interferences with the glucose metabolism. Ischaemic therapy of liver malignancies has been used in different forms during the last 20 years: from ligation of the hepatic artery, embolization of the arterial tree, transient occlusion of the hepatic artery to the present day use of temporary, intermittent, transient hepatic arterial occlusion. The beneficial effect of ischaemic therapy on malignancies is supposed to depend on oxygen and nutritional deficiency, formation of oxygen-derived free radicals and loss of function in cellular enzymes. The tumour cells seem thereby to be more sensitive than the host cells. Also, ischaemia might potentiate the effect of cytotoxic drugs. Intereferencies with glucose metabolism might be directed either towards the exaggerated tumour glycolysis, for example by glucose analogues like 2-deoxy glucose, or towards the exaggerated host gluconeogenesis, for example by hydrazine sulphate. These treatments result in reduction of the glucose availability in the intracellular glucose metabolism in the tumour cells and have experimentally been demonstrated to be correlated to reduced tumour growth. It is concluded that both these approaches, ischaemic therapy and manipulations with the glucose metabolism, seem promising for the future. What is needed now is research to clarify the mechanisms behind the effects, to establish their full consequences, and to identify the clinical use of these treatments and their possible combinations. PMID- 3153775 TI - ERCP in evaluating the mode of therapy in pancreatic pseudocyst. AB - Twenty patients with ultrasonographic or computed tomographic diagnosis of pancreatic pseudocyst were referred for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Two of these were found at laparotomy not to have pseudocysts and were excluded. Pancreatography was successful in 15 out of 18 cases (83%) and cholangiography in 12 out of 18 cases (67%). Three types of pseudocysts were noticed according to the communication of the pseudocyst to the main pancreatic duct and the presence of pancreatic duct stenosis. Successful treatment included two spontaneous resolutions, two internal drainages and three left pancreatic resections. In the eight percutaneous external drainages four recurrences (50%) occurred, one after closure of temporary pancreatocutaneous fistula. All the recurrences occurred in Type III pseudocysts with communication of the pseudocysts to stenotic main pancreatic duct. In these cases internal drainage would have been the preferable treatment method. We believe that by ERCP one can identify pseudocysts not suitable for external drainage. PMID- 3153776 TI - Liver graft revascularization by donor portal vein arterialization following "no touch" donor hepatectomy. AB - Unsatisfactory immediate function of the transplanted liver together with technical complications contribute to a persisting early mortality for hepatic transplantation in the 20% range. We report our initial clinical experience with methods, one not previously used clinically, that resulted in uniformly well functioning liver grafts in 11 patients and contributed to a satisfactory success rate for the procedure. Donors were heart-beating. During the donor operation all manipulations of the liver were avoided until after cold preservation, achieved by external cooling at the same time as circulatory interruption, donor exsanguination and perfusion of the liver with cold oxygenated fluid of "extracellular" type. The organs were then gently dissected. At transplantation the livers were revascularized with arterial blood shunted from the recipient iliac artery to the graft portal vein after completion of the suprahepatic IVC anastomosis. The infrahepatic IVCs and hepatic arteries were then joined, the iliac artery shunts discontinued and the portal veins joined. Total ischaemic intervals for the allografts were 3 1/2-8 (average 5). Anhepatic intervals were 1 2 1/4 (average 2). The arterio-portal shunts were operating for 18-85 (mean 46) min. Blood loss and haemodynamic, acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities at revascularization were minimal. All grafts secreted bile immediately and all parameters reflected continuing improvement of liver function thereafter. Nine patients (82%) are alive between 4 and 18 (mean 11) months after transplantation. We conclude that these methods offer effective avoidance of serious organ damage during donor hepatectomy and preservation, reduced allograft ischaemic interval and reduced recipient anhepatic time. They result in avoidance of blood loss at the time of revascularization, together with minimal haemodynamic, acid-base or biochemical changes. In addition, they allow the surgeon to perform and test all anastomoses without time constraints, provide the capability to deal with unexpected complications, and assure good early graft function. PMID- 3153777 TI - Mirizzi syndrome. AB - The Mirizzi syndrome refers to benign obstruction of the common hepatic duct by a stone impacted within the neck or cystic duct of the gallbladder, which causes extrinsic compression of the common hepatic duct and obstructive jaundice. Although a rare cause of obstructive jaundice, it remains a clinically and surgically challenging problem. Five patients with the Mirizzi syndrome were culled from over 9000 patients undergoing operation for gallstone disease. The management of these patients was detailed. Diagnosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion but can be confirmed with the use of ultrasonography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Cholecystectomy and common duct exploration are essential components of operative therapy, but additional procedures to repair non-circumferential bile duct defects or strictures must be anticipated. PMID- 3153778 TI - Shunt surgery versus endoscopic sclerotherapy for long-term treatment of variceal bleeding. Early results of a randomized trial. PMID- 3153779 TI - On the extraction and alignment of image edges. AB - In this paper the types of image filtering, segmentation and correlational processes which are consistent with the ability of human observers to align edges in arbitrary two-dimensional images are considered. Edge-only versions of a number of images were computed by pre-filtering, segmenting and using laplacians to extract luminance boundaries. The matching of such edge-only images with the originals seems well predicted by a (derivative) matched filtering (cross correlation) process showing some bias toward edges contained within the middle frequency range of the images used. PMID- 3153780 TI - Discrete and continuous modes of curved-line discrimination controlled by effective stimulus duration. AB - In previous experiments two extreme modes of visual discrimination performance have been investigated by measuring small differences in pattern shape at points along a continuum of pattern shapes. These two modes, associated with discrete and continuous encoding processes, were obtained by simultaneously manipulating the number of pattern components in the display and the effective duration of the display. In this experiment, discrimination performance was measured for a fixed number of pattern components, namely three, and variable display time course. The stimuli used were curved lines drawn from a continuum with curvature parameter s. There were three stimulus time courses: (1) 2-s stimulus display, (2) 100-ms stimulus display, and (3) 100-ms stimulus display followed by a post-stimulus mask. Discrimination performance declined smoothly and monotonically with s for (1), but varied non-monotonically with s revealing a central peak for (3). Performance for (2) was intermediate between that for (1) and that for (3). A reduction in effective stimulus duration alone was thus sufficient to cause a transition from continuous to discrete modes of discrimination performance, a result which may be compatible with an explanation of variable discrimination modes based on a method of successive internal approximations of the stimulus. PMID- 3153781 TI - Psychophysical and computational studies of random-dot Moire patterns. AB - Random-dot Moire dot patterns epitomize the local/global gap, the problem of perceiving global structures when only physical local information is available to the perceptual system. At present, no single theory appears to be able to account for all the phenomena these physically simple patterns generate. PMID- 3153782 TI - Feature-based image segmentation in human vision. AB - Experiments are described which indicate that the integration of high-precision shape information along a bright line is blocked by the presence of certain image features. All the features involved have three properties: (1) they are points where contours are not smooth (i.e. not twice differentiable) within the limits set by the finite space constants of visual processes; (2) they are all points that are emphasized in the responses of certain classes of circularly symmetric bandpass spatial filter; and (3) they are all significant for three-dimensional shape analysis. The results are interpreted as implying an inflexible segmentation of the contour image before detailed shape analysis. PMID- 3153783 TI - Paul A. Kolers--a remembrance. PMID- 3153784 TI - The optical flow of planar surfaces. AB - The human visual system can recover the 3-D shape of moving objects on the basis of motion information alone. Computational studies of this capacity have considered primarily non-planar rigid objects. With respect to moving planar surfaces, previous studies have shown that the planar velocity field has in general a two-fold ambiguity: there are two different planes engaged in different motions that can induce the same velocity field. The current analysis extends the analysis of the planar velocity field in four directions: (1) the use of flow parameters of the type suggested by Koenderink and van Doorn (Optica Acta, 1975, 22, 773-791), (2) the exclusion of confusable non-planar solutions, (3) a new proof and a new method for computing the 3-D motion and surface orientation (4) a comparison with the information available in orthographic velocity fields, which is important for determining the stability of the 3-D recovery process. PMID- 3153785 TI - The contribution of blue-sensitive cones to spatial responses of post-receptoral visual channels in man. AB - Psychophysical methods developed for the investigation of spatial and temporal pathways in human vision have been applied in combination with the two-colour increment threshold technique of W. S. Stiles to study the way in which signals from blue-sensitive cones are transmitted along the visual pathways. A flicker sensitive spatio-temporal filter, designated 'ST2', has been examined by background modulation methods, and spatial filters sensitive to bars of a specific width by grating adaptation methods employing dichoptic presentation of stimuli. It is shown that the blue-sensitive (pi 3) spectral mechanism contributes to both classes of filter response, in a manner similar to that observed for the red-sensitive spectral mechanism. The binocularly driven, bar sensitive filters have broad-band spectral response characteristics, thus the data demonstrate that signals arising in blue-sensitive cones converge onto a luminance channel. The results of this investigation, together with those previously published for a second (ST1) spatio-temporal filter, describe a variety of post-receptoral responses involving the pi 3 spectral mechanism. PMID- 3153786 TI - The detection of spatial discontinuities: interactions between contrast and spatial contiguity. AB - Thresholds were measured for the detection of spatial discontinuities (notches and bumps) along luminance boundaries. At high contrasts of the boundary, thresholds expressed in terms of the spatial notch/bump height fell well inside the hyperacuity range. Expressed as luminance increment thresholds between adjacent photoreceptors, the same thresholds were similar to those previously reported by Hartridge and by Hecht and Mintz for the detection of a single line. The ability of observers to detect differences in the height of a boundary on either side of a mean luminance gap was also investigated, and the effect of the gap was found to depend upon stimulus contrast. At high contrasts the introduction of a gap increased thresholds, but at the lowest contrasts, thresholds were unaffected by a gap. The role of different spatial frequency and orientational mechanisms in vernier acuity is discussed. PMID- 3153787 TI - Form from motion parallax and form from luminance contrast: vernier discrimination. AB - Some objects are perfectly camouflaged when stationary, but are clearly visible when moving; the boundaries of such an object are defined entirely by motion parallax. Little is known about the eye's ability to make spatial discriminations between motion-defined objects. In this study, subjects viewed a pseudo-random pattern of dots within which a camouflaged bar was made visible by relative motion of dots. Vernier acuity for the motion-defined bar was 27-45 sec arc for three subjects, much less than the interdot separation of 360 sec arc, much less than the 2 deg receptive field size for motion, and comparable with the foveal intercone separation of 30 sec arc. It is proposed that an opponent-orientation process and an opponent-position process can both contribute to vernier judgements for motion-defined objects. Real-world motion contrast commonly confounds the following cues for figure-ground segregation: (1) different texture velocities on either side of the figure's boundary; (2) in any given time interval, texture in figure and ground moves different distances; and (3) texture continually appears and disappears along the figure's boundary. When cues (2) and (3) were eliminated, thus ensuring figure-ground segregation was achieved entirely by motion-sensitive neural elements, vernier acuity was 44 +/- 5 sec arc compared with 36 +/- 8 sec arc for a dotted bar defined by luminance contrast. CONCLUSION: Vernier acuity for a dotted bar whose boundary was defined entirely by motion-sensitive neural elements was similar to vernier acuity for a dotted bar whose boundary was defined by luminance contrast. PMID- 3153788 TI - A spatial property of the retino-cortical mapping. AB - Striate cortex topography derives from a stretching of retinal space along the optic axis. At the retina, relative distances are preserved in a mapping of retinal space onto a spherical surface in the environment. At the cortex, relative distances along visual meridia in the cortical map are preserved in a mapping of striate cortex onto an environmental conic surface whose base is in the plane of the eye. This eco-cortical relationship can be considered a reference frame through which spatial relationships at the cortex might provide information about the environment. The present analysis provides an explanation of changes in cortical magnification with visual eccentricity in the primate and a detailed three-dimensional model of striate topography for the macaque monkey. In man, a conic environmental surface is shown to be uniformly resolvable along meridia in the visual field. Finally, the implications of this analysis of the structural properties of the retino-striate pathway and visual resolution are considered in relation to depth and distance perception. PMID- 3153789 TI - Characteristics of anti-TSH antibody and its relationship with TSH receptor antibody. PMID- 3153791 TI - The effect of dexamethasone on B cell mass and function in partial pancreatctomized rats. PMID- 3153790 TI - HLA-DR antigen expression on the thyrocytes of Graves' disease patients. PMID- 3153793 TI - Noninvasive evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function in patients with angina pectoris--pulsed Doppler echocardiographic technique. PMID- 3153792 TI - Islet cell surface antibodies in Graves' disease; as organ non-specific antibodies. PMID- 3153794 TI - A retrospective study on radiotherapy and radiochemotherapy in esophageal cancer. PMID- 3153795 TI - Impaired polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in chronically hemodialyzed patients with iron overload. PMID- 3153798 TI - Endoscopic laser treatment of Dieulafoy's lesion. PMID- 3153797 TI - Endobronchial metastasis of malignant melanoma, diagnosed by bronchoscopy--report of a case. PMID- 3153796 TI - Clinical review of 20 cases of Addison's disease in Korea--including previously reported cases and 6 new cases at the National Medical Center. PMID- 3153799 TI - Endobronchial hamartoma--a case report. PMID- 3153800 TI - A case report: carcinoma of the gastric stump after Billroth II resection. PMID- 3153802 TI - Intramural hematoma of the esophagus: unusual complication of esophageal variceal sclerotherapy. PMID- 3153801 TI - Detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in human serum by dot hybridization using a biotin-labelled probe. PMID- 3153803 TI - Abstracts of papers. 66th general session, International Association for Dental Research; 17th annual session, American Association for Dental Research; 12th annual meeting, Canadian Association for Dental Research, March 9-13, 1988, Montreal, Canada. PMID- 3153804 TI - [Retinal evaluation in daily practice in cases of disorders of the vitreous body]. PMID- 3153805 TI - [Indication of vitrectomy for endophthalmitis]. PMID- 3153806 TI - [Practical use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents]. PMID- 3153807 TI - [Contribution of fluorescein angiography to the diagnosis of papillary edemas]. PMID- 3153808 TI - [The use of corticoids in daily practice]. PMID- 3153809 TI - [A clinical, angiographic and electrophysiologic study of several diseases of the optic system in dogs and cats]. PMID- 3153812 TI - [Color vision defects in optic neuropathies. Clinical forms]. PMID- 3153811 TI - [Contribution of colored metameric equations to the diagnosis of optic neuropathies]. PMID- 3153810 TI - [Significance of neuro-psychologic tests for the diagnosis of optic neuropathies. MRI correlations]. PMID- 3153814 TI - [The use of grids in neuro-ophthalmology for determining contrast sensitivity]. PMID- 3153813 TI - [Representation in 3 or 4 dimensions and quantification of the visual field. Application to optical neuropathies]. PMID- 3153815 TI - [Changes in contrast sensitivity in patients with multiple sclerosis with or without retrobulbar optic neuritis]. PMID- 3153816 TI - [Color vision tests and visual evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 3153818 TI - [Dominant optic atrophy. A proposal of a new nosographic outline]. PMID- 3153817 TI - [Significance of measuring the papillary diameter in the diagnosis of hypoplasia of the optic nerve]. PMID- 3153819 TI - [Section-avulsion of the optic nerve caused by indirect trauma]. PMID- 3153820 TI - [Acute anterior ischemic optic neuropathy disclosing disseminated lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3153821 TI - [Acute anterior ischemic optic neuropathies in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3153822 TI - [Cup-disc ratio in anterior ischemic optic neuropathies]. PMID- 3153823 TI - [Acute Devic's optic neuromyelitis]. PMID- 3153824 TI - [The optic nerve in Behcet's disease]. PMID- 3153825 TI - [Optic neuropathy following recurrent hemorrhages]. PMID- 3153826 TI - [Optic neuritis caused by manioc]. PMID- 3153827 TI - [Radiotherapy of meningioma of the optic nerve]. PMID- 3153828 TI - [Optic neuropathies in hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 3153830 TI - [New methods for examining the vitreous body and the retina]. PMID- 3153829 TI - [Bilateral rail-shaped calcification of the optic nerves]. PMID- 3153832 TI - [Treatment of craniopharyngioma]. PMID- 3153831 TI - [Indications of vitrectomy in the treatment of rhegmatogenous detachment of the retina]. PMID- 3153834 TI - [Current status of automatic refractometry]. PMID- 3153833 TI - [Evolution of the concepts related to uveitis]. PMID- 3153835 TI - [Examination of the peripheral retina. A comparison of the results using binocular ophthalmoscopy and biomicroscopy with Goldmann lens and panfunduscope]. PMID- 3153836 TI - [Influence of the retinal periphery on the evaluation of the visual capacity of the eye with examination of sensitive thresholds]. PMID- 3153837 TI - [Fluorophotometry of the vitreous body in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with minimal retinopathy or without it]. PMID- 3153838 TI - [Significance of fluorescein angioscopy during vitrectomy in ischemic retinopathy complicated with intravitreal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3153839 TI - [Traumatic retinal epitheliopathy]. PMID- 3153840 TI - [Retinopathy in premature infants. Ultrastructural aspects]. PMID- 3153841 TI - [Reticular dystrophy: a minor sign of chronic choroid ischemia]. PMID- 3153842 TI - [Treatment of retinal venous occlusions with acute normovolemic hemodilution]. PMID- 3153843 TI - [Treatment of traumatic hemophthalmos with intravitreal urokinase]. PMID- 3153844 TI - [Juxto-foveolar telangiectasia, and Leber-Coats disease]. PMID- 3153845 TI - [Tear of the pigment epithelium. Natural course of the disease]. PMID- 3153846 TI - [Retinal detachment in pseudophakia. Results in 32 cases]. PMID- 3153847 TI - [Surgical indications in retinal detachment in pseudophakia]. PMID- 3153848 TI - [Treatment of retinal detachment in pseudophakia. Report of 80 cases]. PMID- 3153849 TI - [Retinal detachment. Conservative treatment of visual acuity]. PMID- 3153850 TI - [Indentation of the ciliary body and the retina for the treatment of complicated retinal detachment]. PMID- 3153851 TI - [Treatment of retinal detachment with repeated insufflation of expansive gases]. PMID- 3153852 TI - [The use of only one injection of gas in the treatment of various retinal detachments]. PMID- 3153854 TI - [Complications of extended retinotomy]. PMID- 3153853 TI - [Retinal detachment caused by stage D proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Temporary tamponade with silicone oil]. PMID- 3153855 TI - [Intense corticotherapy before laser treatment for advanced edematous diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 3153856 TI - [Wagner's disease and retinal detachment. Review of 10 cases]. PMID- 3153857 TI - [The experience in Lausanne with the Microruptor-II]. PMID- 3153858 TI - [Macular epiretinal membranes. Clinical experience]. PMID- 3153859 TI - [Bilateral retinal detachment in young patients]. PMID- 3153860 TI - [Stage V bilateral retinoblastoma at the Curie Institute. Report of 33 cases]. PMID- 3153861 TI - [Keratomileusis or epikeratoplasty without freezing. Principle, technique, first results]. PMID- 3153862 TI - [Clinical applications of a computer software for data processing in visual electrophysiology]. PMID- 3153864 TI - [Implantation of an intra-ocular lens in a case of crystallin ectopy]. PMID- 3153865 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies and corneal cicatrization in rabbits]. PMID- 3153866 TI - [The human corneal endothelium in graft rejection. Scanning electron microscopy study]. PMID- 3153867 TI - [Uveitis and autoimmunity against the retina]. PMID- 3153863 TI - [Course of perimetric deficits in glaucoma after trabeculoplasty with argon laser]. PMID- 3153868 TI - [Lymphocyte subsets in the aqueous humor in uveitis]. PMID- 3153869 TI - [HLA B 27 antigen in acute anterior uveitis. Frequency and prognostic value]. PMID- 3153870 TI - [HLA typing and inflammatory diseases of the uvea. Review of 170 cases]. PMID- 3153871 TI - [Lymphadenopathy-associated virus antibodies in the tears of patients with AIDS]. PMID- 3153873 TI - [Acute interstitial tubulopathy and uveitis. "Tubulo-interstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome]. PMID- 3153872 TI - [Diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis with the immunoenzyme ELISA technique]. PMID- 3153874 TI - [Unusual aspects of episcleral vascularization of allergic origin]. PMID- 3153877 TI - [Mycosis in non-immunodeficient patients]. PMID- 3153875 TI - [Multiple ocular localization of a chronic atrophic polychondritis]. PMID- 3153876 TI - [Surgical treatment of vitreo-retinal abscess after cataract extraction]. PMID- 3153878 TI - [Sympathetic ophthalmia. Treatment with plasma exchange]. PMID- 3153879 TI - [Contribution of cyclosporin A to the treatment of severe posterior uveitis]. PMID- 3153881 TI - [Wolfram syndrome or diabetes insipidus-diabetes mellitus-optic atrophy-deafness syndrome]. PMID- 3153880 TI - [Cyclosporin A eyedrops in high-risk corneal grafts]. PMID- 3153882 TI - [Acute retinal necrosis syndrome]. PMID- 3153883 TI - [Polymorphism of ocular manifestations in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3153884 TI - [Ophthalmic manifestations of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. A case report]. PMID- 3153885 TI - [From the early stage through the late stage of drepanocytosis]. PMID- 3153886 TI - [Retinal arterial occlusion. Etiologic aspects and course of the disease]. PMID- 3153888 TI - [Isolated paralysis of the oculomotor nerves in adults]. PMID- 3153887 TI - [Congenital paralysis of the IVth nerve and craniofacial asymmetry]. PMID- 3153889 TI - [Use of polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex E-PFTE Soft Tissue Patch) for suspenders in facial paralysis]. PMID- 3153890 TI - [Severe entropion-trichiasis, trachoma and palpebral mutilation: graft of palatal fibro-mucosa in tarso-conjunctival losses]. PMID- 3153891 TI - [Computer-assisted study of the corneal topography. Significance in refractive surgery]. PMID- 3153892 TI - [Results of and reflections on radial keratotomy. Review of 122 cases]. PMID- 3153893 TI - [Cystoid macular edema and ultraviolet-filtering intraocular lenses]. PMID- 3153894 TI - [Triple procedure: operation of glaucoma, cataract and intra-ocular lens implantation. Review of 120 cases]. PMID- 3153895 TI - [Intraocular implants for unilateral congenital cataract]. PMID- 3153896 TI - [Intra-ocular pressure after extracapsular cataract extraction]. PMID- 3153897 TI - [Surgical treatment of neovascular glaucoma]. PMID- 3153898 TI - [Retinal detachment in pseudophakia]. PMID- 3153899 TI - [Significance of vitreous body traction in the pathogeny of secondary macular tears]. PMID- 3153900 TI - [Yag-laser treatment of 2 cases of retinal detachment with sub-retinal stringing. Cure without surgery]. PMID- 3153901 TI - [Intravitreal hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy. Natural course]. PMID- 3153902 TI - [Course of the proliferative forms of diabetic retinopathy in patients with insulin pump]. PMID- 3153903 TI - [Retino-vitreous interface syndrome after laser therapy]. PMID- 3153905 TI - [Computer-assisted study of the ocular function. One year using a new device: the ophthalmologic monitor]. PMID- 3153907 TI - [Evaluation of the instruments for dissection of the epiretinal membranes]. PMID- 3153904 TI - [Association of uveitis, alopecia and celiac disease]. PMID- 3153906 TI - [Internal tamponade by sodium hyaluronate]. PMID- 3153908 TI - [Retinal detachment behind intraocular lens]. PMID- 3153909 TI - [Goniosynechia after implantation of intraocular lenses in the posterior chamber]. PMID- 3153910 TI - [Incidence of cystoid macular edema in the implant of retro-pupillary lenses]. PMID- 3153911 TI - [Intracorneal correction of aphakia. Axial and extra-axial aberrations in day and night vision]. PMID- 3153912 TI - [Keratomileusis of myopia. Indications and results]. PMID- 3153913 TI - [Radial keratotomy. Surgical protocol and results]. PMID- 3153914 TI - [Application of argon laser to retinal tears and perforations]. PMID- 3153915 TI - [Panphotocoagulation. Mechanism of action and early indications]. PMID- 3153916 TI - [Experimental study of the dynamics of the vitreous body in the aphakic eye]. PMID- 3153917 TI - [Dissociated vertical divergence: excess of sursumversion associated with fixation. Or dissociated vertical divergence through a translucent screen]. PMID- 3153918 TI - [Physiologic treatment of early strabismus]. PMID- 3153919 TI - [A new surgical treatment of nystagmus blockage]. PMID- 3153920 TI - [Role of sector occlusion in the treatment of strabismus in children]. PMID- 3153921 TI - [Role of the vision stimulator CAM in amblyopia]. PMID- 3153922 TI - [A new method of recording electroretinograms in very young children]. PMID- 3153924 TI - [Statistical study of the ocular tension in 63 children less than 5 years of age. Measurement during general anesthesia with halothane]. PMID- 3153923 TI - [Changes in the visual evoked potential after experimental injuries of the retrochiasmatic optic fibers]. PMID- 3153925 TI - [Ophthalmoscopic and angiographic aspects of the optic papilla in a case of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3153926 TI - [Immunotherapy and a 15-year study of squamous cell carcinoma of the eye]. PMID- 3153927 TI - [Use of Gore-Tex (PTFE) in ophthalmic plastic surgery]. PMID- 3153928 TI - [Experimental venous occlusion. Physiopathology of the changes in the blood retinal barrier]. PMID- 3153929 TI - [Diagnostic problems in cases of persistent peripapillary hemorrhage. Long-term course]. PMID- 3153930 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of conjunctival irritation by simultaneous determination of histamine, serotonin and leukotriene C4 in tears]. PMID- 3153931 TI - [Anatomo-pathologic findings in ocular hypertension caused by retinal vascular lesions]. PMID- 3153932 TI - [Infantile hydrocephalus. A mysterious sign of alert: the sunset gaze]. PMID- 3153933 TI - [Treatment of dry eyes in several immune diseases. A new hypothesis on the role of hydrophilic corneal lenses]. PMID- 3153935 TI - [Allergic retinal vasculitis]. PMID- 3153934 TI - [Ocular disorders in systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 3153936 TI - [Epidemiologic aspects of acute glaucoma crisis. Study carried out at the CHR of Reims]. PMID- 3153937 TI - [Conjunctival capillaroscopy and retinal periphery]. PMID- 3153938 TI - [Infrared videoangiography and choroid tumors]. PMID- 3153939 TI - [Conservative treatment of malignant melanoma of the uvea with radioactive plaques. Results]. PMID- 3153940 TI - [Cryotherapy of diabetic retinopathy. Experimental and clinical study]. PMID- 3153941 TI - [Gas-permeable hard lenses. Basis for a good extended wear]. PMID- 3153943 TI - The psychiatric treatment of Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3153942 TI - [Intraocular penetration of 7 drugs with therapeutic effect on toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 3153944 TI - [HLA-A, B, C, DR antigens in north Chinese with nasopharyngeal carcinoma]. PMID- 3153945 TI - [Electromyography of the soft palate, eustachian tube and pharynx and its clinical applications]. PMID- 3153946 TI - [Advances in rhinoneurosurgery]. PMID- 3153947 TI - [Experimental allergic rhinitis]. PMID- 3153948 TI - [Clinical features and diagnosis of rhinogenic brain abscess]. PMID- 3153949 TI - [Experiences with the treatment of ethmoidal sinus fracture]. PMID- 3153950 TI - [Sphenoiditis. Report of 58 cases diagnosed by nasal telescopy]. PMID- 3153952 TI - [Histopathological observations of the experimental endolymphatic hydrops in guinea pigs]. PMID- 3153953 TI - [Experimental study of the ototoxicity of gentamicin in guinea pigs]. PMID- 3153951 TI - [An preliminary report of the quantitative analysis of airborn pollens]. PMID- 3153954 TI - [The influence of thyroxin on the concentration of kanamycin in the perilymph of guinea pigs]. PMID- 3153955 TI - [Cochleo-saccular dysgenesis]. PMID- 3153956 TI - [Staggered spondaic word test and the competing sentence test]. PMID- 3153957 TI - [Esophago-gastric devascularization in bleeding varices caused by portal hypertension. Preliminary experience]. PMID- 3153958 TI - [Case reports on 2 young sisters with superficial bladder neoplasm]. PMID- 3153959 TI - [Is it necessary to use a naso-gastric tube in cholecystectomy operations?]. PMID- 3153960 TI - [Endometriosis]. PMID- 3153961 TI - [Visceral involvement in retroperitoneal tumors]. PMID- 3153962 TI - [Recurrence of cancer of the rectum: role of computer tomography]. PMID- 3153963 TI - [Surgical treatment of gastric carcinoma: personal observations]. PMID- 3153965 TI - [Our experience in malignant tumors of the pancreas]. PMID- 3153964 TI - [Adjuvant and neo-adjuvant systemic therapy in the treatment of colorectal neoplasms]. PMID- 3153966 TI - [Visceral hemangiopericytoma: report of a case with gastric localization]. PMID- 3153967 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of Meckel's diverticulum, a rare complication of omphalo mesenteric remnant: presentation of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 3153968 TI - [Carcinoma of the penis. Review of the literature and presentation of a clinical case]. PMID- 3153969 TI - [Role of preoperative biliary decompression in prolonged obstructive neoplastic jaundice]. PMID- 3153970 TI - [Current surgical approaches in carcinoma of the breast]. PMID- 3153971 TI - [Chronic pancreatitis: surgical treatment]. PMID- 3153972 TI - [Liver metastasis of colorectal carcinoma: natural history and surgical treatment]. PMID- 3153973 TI - [Gastric carcinoma today]. PMID- 3153974 TI - [Carcinoma of the middle tract of the extrahepatic bile duct: our experience with 7 cases]. PMID- 3153975 TI - [Indications for and results of resection surgery for liver metastasis]. PMID- 3153976 TI - [Surgery of the parotid gland: our experience]. PMID- 3153977 TI - [Loco-regional recurrence after surgery of colo-rectal cancer: possibility of using endoluminal echography]. PMID- 3153978 TI - Trans-sternocleidomastoid neck lymphadenectomy. PMID- 3153979 TI - [Malignant retroperitoneal schwannoma not associated with von Recklinghausen syndrome]. PMID- 3153980 TI - [Current approaches in the surgical treatment of biliary ileus]. PMID- 3153981 TI - [Endoluminal echography in the control of patients surgically treated for cancer of the rectum]. PMID- 3153982 TI - [Gastric carcinoma: results of surgical treatment]. PMID- 3153983 TI - [Surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism: total thyroidectomy versus subtotal thyroidectomy]. PMID- 3153984 TI - [Advantages and disadvantages of protective colostomy in surgery for cancer of the left colon. Results of a 20-year experience]. PMID- 3153985 TI - [Leiomyoblastoma of the stomach. A clinical contribution and review of the literature]. PMID- 3153986 TI - [Role of intraoperative choledochoscopy in surgery of biliary lithiasis]. PMID- 3153988 TI - [Ultra-short-term antibiotic prophylaxis using cefotetan]. PMID- 3153987 TI - [PO2 evaluation in patients undergoing autotransfusion]. PMID- 3153989 TI - [Total gastrectomy versus subtotal gastrectomy in the surgical treatment of stage II and III gastric cancer. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3153991 TI - [Treatment of hepatic metastases from colo-rectal tumors: intra-arterial loco regional therapy]. PMID- 3153990 TI - [Results of and considerations on the surgical treatment of cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 3153992 TI - [Medical treatment of loco-regional recurrence of colo-rectal tumors]. PMID- 3153993 TI - [Anal emergencies]. PMID- 3153994 TI - [Traumatic ruptures of the diaphragm. Personal experience]. PMID- 3153995 TI - [Informatics in emergency surgery]. PMID- 3153996 TI - [Cystic dilatation of the choledochus: etiopathogenesis and surgical considerations with a case report]. PMID- 3153997 TI - [Rupture of the innominate artery: a complication of tracheal surgery]. PMID- 3153998 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of malignant neoplasms of Vater's ampulla. A retrospective analysis of 15 cases]. PMID- 3153999 TI - [Leiomyoma of the esophagus]. PMID- 3154000 TI - [Percutaneous sclerotherapy of varicocele: medium-term evaluation of 40 patients]. PMID- 3154002 TI - [Bladder hernia. Clinico-radiologic considerations]. PMID- 3154003 TI - [Morbidity and mortality in acute cholangitis]. PMID- 3154001 TI - [Traumatic skin lesions: prophylaxis and therapy of infection using mezlocillin]. PMID- 3154004 TI - [Immunohistochemical diagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma using S-100 antigen]. PMID- 3154005 TI - [Conservative treatment of the aortic valve and bulb in acute type I and II dissection. Clinical experience with 22 patients]. PMID- 3154006 TI - [Combined surgical treatment of lesions of the renal artery and the aorta]. PMID- 3154007 TI - [Iatrogenic lesions of the bile ducts: presentation of a clinical case]. PMID- 3154008 TI - [Anastomosis by arteriovenous fistula for a vascular access in hemodialysis]. PMID- 3154009 TI - [Surgical treatment of varicocele and associated pathology using the inguinal approach: 32 cases, 3-year follow-up]. PMID- 3154011 TI - [Analysis of oncogene and its expression at cellular level]. AB - Remarkable progresses have been made in the field of oncogenes in the last several years. More than 40 oncogenes or proto-oncogenes were identified by transfection assay and by weak homology of base sequences with known oncogenes. Many of them were shown to play a specific role in regulation of cell growth and signal transduction, but their exact roles in development and progression of human cancers are still not clear. Study of oncogenes and their expression at cellular level using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization will contribute to understand how oncogenes are involved in the multiple steps of carcinogenesis. In this article, application of newly established monoclonal antibodies to ras p21 for immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting analysis and possibilities of DNA analysis using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks are discussed. PMID- 3154010 TI - [Studies on hst, a transforming gene which belongs to a new superfamily of growth factors]. AB - The hst gene was originally identified in surgically obtained human gastric mucosae as a transforming gene which could transform NIH3T3 cells morphologically. The hst cDNA clone was synthesized from mRNA of one of the NIH3T3 transformants. A human leukocyte genomic library was screened with this cDNA clone, and an hst genomic fragment was obtained. This genomic fragment itself had transforming activity, and the protein coding sequences were proved to be completely identical to those of the cDNA clone prepared from mRNA of the NIH3T3 transformant. This fact suggests that rearrangement or other structural alterations in the coding sequence are not required for the activation of the hst gene. The predicted hst protein consists of 206 amino acids and has a significant homology (40-50%) to fibroblast growth factors and int-2 protein. They together make up a new superfamily of growth factors and transforming genes. PMID- 3154012 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies against tumor associated antigens]. AB - By the use of xeno-immunization, syngeneic immunization, or human lymphocytes, we prepared monoclonal antibodies against human epithelial tumors, especially against bladder tumors. Here, we describe results of antigen analyses and application to the tumor diagnosis. PMID- 3154013 TI - Monoclonal antibodies. AB - The hybridoma technology developed by Kohler and Milstein has initiated a new era in biological sciences. In the last decade the possibility of generating limited amounts of monoclonal antibodies of predefined specificity has become a routine method in many laboratories throughout the world. The constant quality of various antibody preparations from 1 hybridoma cell line represents another important advantage of this method. Apart from the use for several purposes, e.g. HLA typing, differentiation of lymphocyte subpopulations and blood group antigens, monoclonal antibodies play an important role in the determination of various tumor markers. In most modern immunoassays monoclonal antibodies are used. Furthermore, there is nowadays a limited experience concerning the in vivo use of monoclonal antibodies in malignant disease. Radiolabelled antibody immunodetection has been applied e.g. in colorectal and testicular tumors for the detection of tumor metastases. The therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies has been reported in some patients with tumors of the hemopoietic system. The production of new murine and human monoclonal antibodies against various tumor types is subject of current investigations. The aim of these efforts is the development of monoclonal antibodies suitable for in vitro tumor diagnosis and application in vivo. PMID- 3154015 TI - [The effect of IL-2 and IFN-beta on autologous tumor cell kill by Percoll separated LGL fractions]. AB - Low density fractions of Percoll density gradient centrifugation of peripheral mononuclear cells contained the majority of large granular lymphocytes (LGL). LGL were used for 5-hr 51Cr release cytotoxic assay against autologous tumor cells in 20 patients with hematological malignancies (9AML, 4ALL and 7NHL). Mean % cytotoxicity (% CTX) was 6.0%, and the addition of IFN-beta and IL-2 in the medium induced the significant increase of % CTX to 15.0% and 26.1%, respectively. When LGL cultured in medium containing IFN-beta and IL-2 were assessed for cytotoxicity daily for 8 days, the enhancement of % CTX by IFN-beta was declined in a few days, while the enhancement by IL-2 was sustained for more than 8 days. The pretreatment of LGL with anti Leu-11 (CD16) plus complement abrogated the enhancing effect by IFN-beta or IL-2, but not with anti Leu-1 (CD5) plus complement. When this treatment was done on day 8 of IL-2 cocultivation, anti Leu-11 plus complement suppressed cytotoxicity significantly, and anti Leu-1 plus complement also induced mild suppression. The phenotypic characteristics of cells revealed the significant increase of anti Leu-19+ cells in IL-2 stimulated day 8 cells. High density fractions of Percoll gradient contained mostly T lymphocytes and showed no cytotoxicity against autologous tumor cells. However, cocultivation with IL-2 for 8 days induced the cytotoxicity, associated with increased number of anti Leu-19+ cells. These results suggested that IL-2 induced cytotoxic activity against autologous tumor cells might be related to the increase of anti Leu-19+ cells. PMID- 3154014 TI - [Induction of LAK cells by high density dialyzing culture device and its cytotoxicity]. AB - Lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells are generated by culture of lymphocytes with interleukin 2 (IL-2) in short term culture (3 to 5 days) and are used for adoptive immunotherapy for advanced cancer patients. The culture condition hitherto reported are essentially based on the rotating culture system, in which the maximum cell density was at 2 X 10(6) cell/ml and the cell recovery was usually less than 100%. The inability to induce LAK cells efficiently in vitro made the culturing of cells for therapy rather difficult and costly work because the mean infusion dose of LAK cells of one patient requires more than 1 X 10(10)/ml. We have therefore attempted to culture lymphocytes in 10 times higher concentration comparing with conventional methods. By using a new dialyzing culture system under continuous regulation of the amount of infused IL-2, nutrition medium, and pO2 and pCO2, we could culture cells at 2 X 10(7)/ml for more than 21 days and the resulted LAK cells showed a 100 times increase of activity on a per cell basis. By limiting dilution procedure, these killer cells mostly express T cell markers such as CD3 and CD8 but dose not express CD16. PMID- 3154016 TI - [Anti-tumor effects of interleukin 2 against genitourinary cancer--basic study and clinical application]. AB - In order to establish an optimum mode for systemic administration of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2), the effects of rIL-2 (Biogen, Switzerland) on lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity against established renal carcinoma cell line Caki 1. KU-2 and freshly prepared renal carcinoma cells were studied. Augmentation of cell mediated cytotoxicity by rIL-2 was dose- and time-dependent. The results indicated that the optimal dose of rIL-2 was 100 to 500 units (Jurkat units)/ml, and that cytotoxicity increased significantly even at a low concentration such as 4 units/ml. We thus chose daily administration of multiple repeated dose for inpatients. To prevent withdrawal from the therapy as a result of un-tolerable adverse effects, the daily dose was set at 1 x 10(6) units, and rIL-2 was given to 17 patients with advanced genitourinary cancer. Two-hour intravenous drip infusions containing 5 x 10(5) units of rIL-2 was given daily two times to inpatients and after at least 28 days of this mode of administration, subcutaneous injection at a dose of 1 x 10(6) units was given 6 days a week to outpatients. In 12 patients with renal cell carcinoma, 2 patients showed complete response; 1 patient partial response; 7 patients no change, and 2 patients progressive disease. In patients with carcinoma of the prostate or bladder carcinoma, all patients were no change from criteria of Japan Society for Cancer Therapy, however, marked decrease in serum acid-phosphatase and improvement of performance status in 1 patient with carcinoma of the prostate, and massive necrosis of tumor accompanied by disappearance of severe leg edema in a patient with bladder carcinoma were observed. PMID- 3154017 TI - [Large scale production of natural lymphokines with antitumor activity (OH-1) using transplantable human cell lines and its clinical use]. AB - OH-1, consisting of purified natural human TNF-alpha and natural human IFN-alpha induced from BALL-1 cells stimulated with HVJ, has been obtained in large scale using Hayashibara's hamster method and has synergistically enhanced antitumor activity against wider spectrum of tumor cells, in vitro and in vivo. One of the action mechanism of OH-1 is clarified to be a result of arrest in the S phase of the cell cycle. In phase I study of OH-1 by intravenous administration to 23 patients with different advanced and/or metastatic malignant tumors, OH-1 shows the similar side effects to that of IFN-alpha without serious ones. The maximum tolerant dose is assumed as over 2,000 x 10(4) U/body. The early phase II clinical study of OH-1 is now on going, in which OH-1 shows anti-tumor effect with intravenous administration of over 200 x 10(4) U/body/day. As a preliminary result, OH-1 in dose of over 200 x 10(4) U/body/day to 62 patients with disseminated or advanced solid tumor shows an efficacy rate of 21.0%; CR in one patient of breast cancer and PR in three patients each of breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and renal-cell carcinoma and PR in three other advanced cancer. PMID- 3154018 TI - [Studies on KU-1 and KU-7 cells as an in vitro model of human transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder]. AB - Cellular characteristics of KU-1 and KU-7 cells after a long term in culture were evaluated for eligibility of in vitro model of human transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The KU-7 cells derived from superficial papillary tumor showed small, polygonal and homogeneous cells, while the KU-1 cells derived from a broad basic invasive carcinoma showed a variety in size as well as piling up tendency. The adhesiveness of these cells in culture was examined and a significant difference in their cellular structures, a thick multilayered mass in KU-1 while a thin flat spreading in KU-7, was found by each rotating culture and culture on collagen sponge matrix. KU-7 cells cultured without sera responded to transforming growth factor (TGF-alpha) but KU-1 cells did not show any response to the factor. These findings indicate that KU-7 and KU-1 cells have maintained some basic characteristics of papillary tumors and infiltrating carcinomas, respectively. PMID- 3154019 TI - [Functions of large granular lymphocytes--a case of large granular lymphocytosis with characteristic cell surface antigens]. AB - A 58-year-old male visited the hematological clinic of Surugadai Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, complaining of numbness around both elbows. The peripheral leukocyte count was 12,400/microliters, and large granular lymphocytes (LGL) occupied 79% of the leukocytes. The cell surface antigen studied by flow cytometry were the positive CD 2, 3, 5, 8, 11, and Leu-7, and the negative CD1, 4, 10, 16 (Leu-11), 19, 20, and OKTIa1. IgG-FCR checked by mean of the EA-rosette formation was positive. The LGL showed the negative NK cell activity and the positive ADCC and LAK cell activities. It was interesting that LGL was negative for CD16 (Leu-11) while they had ADCC activity. Since the rearrangement of the receptor gene in T-cells was demonstrated by the southern blot analysis, the proliferation of LGL was considered to be a clonal one. LGL did not inhibit the colony formation of granulocyte and erythrocyte precursors in the plasma clot culture. It was thus considered that this might partially explain the fact that the patient's neutrophil, Hb and platelet levels remained normal. PMID- 3154021 TI - [Elaboration of erythropoietin in cultured cells]. AB - Patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) rarely develop erythrocytosis. Mechanism of this phenomenon has been disclosed by a series of recent studies using tissue culture technology that erythropoietin (Ep) elaborated by tumor cells. In this review article, the results of in vivo and in vitro studies using the established cell line KU-2 a nude mouse transplantable strain originated from a patient, T.N., with an Ep producing RCC showing erythrocytosis are introduced and discussed on the mechanism of Ep production by the cultured cells. The cultured RCC cells are eligible to produce Ep at stage of over confluence forming the "domes" which are conceivable as the differentiation of the RCC cells in vitro. PMID- 3154020 TI - [Establishment and characterization of a human gall bladder carcinoma cell line NOZ]. AB - A human gall bladder carcinoma cell line was established from ascites of a patient of peritonitis carcinomatosa. The pathological diagnosis of this patient was adenocarcinoma tubular ++, moderately differentiated. This cell line was composed of polygonal, spindle and round shaped cells. Each cell types were cloned by single cell cloning technique and each cloned cell secreted CEA or Ferritin or none of them. The doubling time of cell number was 48 hours, and plating efficiency was 14-19%. NOZ cell was transplantable to nude mouse. The morphological feature of transplanted tumor was similar to the original one. PMID- 3154022 TI - [Identification of cultured cell employing specific substance--with special references of "reserve cells" in uterine cervix]. AB - Identification of endocervical "reserve cell", which have been regarded as the origin of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, was attempted employing immunohistochemically specific substances. The antigenicity of keratin, squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCC), epithelial membrane antigen(EMA), tissue polypeptide antigen(TPA), vimentin, secretory component(SC) and placental alkaline phosphatase(PLAP) was investigated in histological preparations as well as cultured cells obtained from primary culture of endocervical tissue. The immunohistochemical findings in histological preparations revealed the following: a strongly positive reaction with TPA, a slightly positive reaction with EMA, a very slightly positive with SCC and PLAP, and a negative reaction with keratin, vimentin and SC. Cultured cells were divided into 4 groups according to their morphological characteristics; among these, small rounded or polygonal cells with a centric single nucleus showed similar immunocytochemical reactions to those of "reserve cells" in histological preparations, indicating that "reserve cell" can be growing in culture. The results obtained suggest that immunohistocytochemical specific substances may be useful to identify cultured cells. PMID- 3154023 TI - [Relationship between the cell cycle and production of hCG in choriocarcinoma cells]. AB - Human choriocarcinoma cells in vitro (ENAMI-1) were exposed to various concentrations of MTX (10(-8)M, 10(-7)M, 10(-6)M, 10(-4)M) for 48 hr, and after removal of MTX, cells were harvested and measured by FCM every 24 hr for 96 hr. Although the growth of cells were inhibited in MTX more than 10(-7)M in concentration, hCG-beta levels were elevated markedly. It was showed that hCG positive cells were accumulated in G1-phase by flow cytometric two color analysis with monoclonal antibody. In the presence of MTX more than 10(-7)M in concentration, the cells were accumulated in S-phase. After removal of 10(-7)M MTX, S-phase cells migrated toward G2 + M phase on the other hand in the presence of MTX more than 10(-6) M in concentration cells stopped moving to G2 + M phase. Immunoperoxidase with monoclonal antibodies against BrdU and hCG-beta has got the same phenomena resulted by FCM. It was confirmed that hCG was an useful marker for choriocarcinoma. PMID- 3154024 TI - [The clinical significance of murine monoclonal antibody (1H1) prepared against human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3]. AB - A new murine monoclonal antibody (1H1) was prepared by immunizing mice i.p. with human pancreatic cancer cell line (BxPC-3). The antibody reacted with 8 of 48 cultured cell lines that were all adenocarcinoma. Thin sections of normal and cancerous tissues were examined by immunoperoxidase staining. Thirty-nine of 48 (81%) pancreatic cancers, 11 of 23 (48%) gastric cancers, 12 of 18 (67%) colorectal cancers, 9 of 19 (48%) breast cancers, 2 of 5 (40%) lung cancers and 2 of 2 (100%) duodenal cancers were stained positively, but 5 islet cell tumors, 3 esophageal cancers and 2 hepatomas were not stained positively. Normal gastro intestinal tract of adult or fetus was stained weakly or hardly stained. SDS-PAGE showed that 1H1 antigen recognized by 1H1 Mab had a relative molecular weight of over 400 K. Da. Immunoelectron microscopical study has shown that the antigen recognized by 1H1 antibody was localized in the cell membranes of the BxPC-3 cells. 1H1 antigen was found to be present in culture-spent medium of BxPC-3 cells by ELISA. Thus, 1H1 antibody may be useful for early detection of pancreatic cancers. PMID- 3154025 TI - Establishment of a human ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell line (RMG-I) and its single cell cloning--with special reference to the stem cell of the tumor. AB - A cell line, designated RMG-I, has been established from ascites of a patient with ovarian clear cell carcinoma. RMG-I cells have grown well for more than 6 years with mirror ball formation. Chromosome analysis revealed aneuploidy with a modal number of 47 and 3 marker chromosomes. The histological characteristics of the transplanted tumor were similar to those observed in the original tumor which was composed of dark cells, clear cells, and hobnail cells. Thus, the RMG-I cell line was identified to be an ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, basic fetoprotein (BFP) and ferritin were demonstrated in the original tumor, the cultured cells, and the transplanted tumor. Furthermore, in order to clarify whether these 3 kinds of cells originate from one stem cell or not, monoclonal cell population were transplanted into nude mice, and its histological investigation revealed that 3 types of cells existed in the transplanted tumor, proving that they originate from one stem cell. PMID- 3154026 TI - Impediments to the practice of patient teaching. AB - Nurses value the practice of patient teaching and it is a stated goal of nursing. However, the actual practice of patient teaching often falls below standard. This paper describes survey data collected from staff nurses, and nursing administrators on their beliefs about patient teaching and their perceptions of the impediments to practice in the hospital setting. The findings help to clarify the conflict between the values and the practice of patient teaching. Implications for nursing practice, and the discipline of nursing are identified. PMID- 3154027 TI - Implementing Orem's self-care deficit theory. Adopting a conceptual framework of nursing. Part II. AB - This is the second of a two-part article describing the implementation of Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit theory of nursing by the Nursing Department at Toronto General Hospital. Part II focuses on the implementation process and the results observed to this point in time. Implementing theory-based practice documents the selection of five pilot units and activities that were carried out by various project committees. Observations made by staff nurses and managers of the pilot units are conveyed. Benefits to nurses, patients, managers and the units are described along with some of the difficulties encountered along the way. Recommendations and future plans are identified. PMID- 3154029 TI - Expanded role nurse. Part I. Role theory concepts. AB - This is the first article of a two-part series describing implementation of Expanded Role Nurse positions at University Hospital, London, Ontario. Part I presents a review of the literature on expanded roles for nurses and the background to implementation of the ERN role at University Hospital. Concepts or role theory are applied to role development and implementation. Expanded role nurse positions have been created at University Hospital in order to maintain high quality patient care in the face of resident cutbacks. These positions provide exciting opportunities for nurses who wish to develop clinical expertise while remaining at the bedside. PMID- 3154028 TI - "Patient focused charting". AB - A study of charting in the Nursing Division at St. Boniface General Hospital identified problems with the narrative style of charting. This project was designed to develop and evaluate a practical, easy to use documentation system, with a structure for recording care as decisions were made. Integration of the care plan and nurse's notes was achieved, making documentation individualized to the patient and reflective of nursing practice. The charting system was tested on a 30-bed surgical unit with 25 nursing staff and evaluated through a chart audit, charting opinionnaire and time survey. Four evaluations were done, one prior to change and at 3, 8 and 12 months after implementation. Chart audit scores increased significantly from a mean of 9.05 to 12.75. Mean scores on the charting opinionnaire increased significantly from 47.59 to 55.62. Mean time spent charting per patient in 24 hours decreased from 22.73 to 18.27 minutes. These results indicate that integration of the careplan and nurse's notes is possible with improvement in charting quality. PMID- 3154030 TI - Reform with vision and excellence. PMID- 3154031 TI - An analysis of the multiple approaches to measuring nursing workload. AB - This article reviews the multiple theoretical approaches to the measurement of nursing workload. A focus on current measurement issues provides direction for future research questions in this area. The underlying assumption is that workload measurement tools must focus on the complexity of the patient situation in determining nursing workload rather than on the traditional focus of tasks in which nurses are involved. PMID- 3154032 TI - The expanded role nurse. Part II. Role implementation strategies. AB - This is the second article of a two-part series describing implementation of Expanded Role Nurse positions at University Hospital, London, Ontario. In Part II, the author discusses sources of role stress and strain and presents strategies to prevent or minimize role problems. Role stress results when the role incumbent is unable to meet the expectations of the social structure. Goal attainment is impaired and role relationships are disrupted. Strategies to prevent role problems should be identified and implemented during role development. PMID- 3154033 TI - Ambulatory care nursing. A new approach. AB - This article describes one hospital's experience with integrating inpatient and outpatient nursing services. Nursing services integration enabled nursing management to combine the nursing resources allocated to the inpatient and outpatient components of a clinical service under the direction of one nurse manager. This new and creative approach was implemented in thirteen clinical services at the Victoria General Hospital, Halifax. This organizational structure was considered to be an effective approach for managing ambulatory care nursing services. The introduction of integration facilitated a change in the ambulatory care nursing role. It also provided for increased continuity of patient care and afforded nurses the opportunity to practice in another setting. Nursing services integration is considered a more effective approach for managing nursing resources. PMID- 3154035 TI - The nursing shortage crisis. Report on the ONA position paper. PMID- 3154034 TI - Clinical specialist head nurse: managing toward primary nursing. AB - What is the role of the head nurse on a primary nursing unit in psychiatry? What if that head nurse is also a clinical specialist in psychiatric nursing? And what if this is happening in a small regional hospital where the concept of primary nursing is new, inpatient psychiatry is new, and there is only one clinical specialist in the hospital. The author discusses the clinical specialist in a management position and the benefits inherent in such a joint appointment. PMID- 3154036 TI - Ethics in practice. PMID- 3154037 TI - Moral distress in clinical practice: implications for the nurse administrator. AB - The purpose of this paper is to describe the experience and effect of moral distress in clinical practice and to present the implications of this phenomena for nurse administrators. Findings from three recent investigations provide the descriptive data for this paper. Nurses in clinical practice are frequently confronted with situations which challenge personal moral beliefs. Life and death events, sudden unexpected emergencies and professional role conflict have been identified as some examples of the kinds of situations that are most difficult to cope with. Feelings of emotional distress may occur as a result of participation in a patient care situation which involves an ethical issue. Personal and professional wholeness may be significantly compromised by the ineffective resolution of such issues. Moral distress may affect the nurse's ability to care for the patient and may require a significant period of resolution. Moral distress has been identified as one reason that nurses choose to leave their jobs and occasionally to leave the profession. Implications for the nurse administrator include a responsibility to be aware and supportive of the nurse in this situation. Commitment to developing effective strategies to assist nurses to cope successfully with the ethical dimension of clinical practice is an important management concern. PMID- 3154038 TI - Organizational politics and nursing administration. AB - When attempts are made to improve organizational performance, both rational and emotional factors will have to be recognized. One of the important emotional factors is the tendency of people to behave politically while they are carrying out their assigned duties. The meaning and importance of organizational politics is discussed, and several typical reactions of nurse administrators to organizational politics are examined. Practical suggestions are made to help nurse administrators develop greater political sensitivity and deal effectively with political behavior. PMID- 3154039 TI - Realities and paradoxes of the nurse administrator's role. AB - The Realities and Paradoxes of the Nurse Administrator's Role are viewed within the context of megatrends: dramatic changes underway in society, in health care, in the arts, sciences and politics, and especially in the business of nursing practice. The author proceeds deductively from (1) the megatrends in society, (2) to implications affecting the transformation of corporate life, (3) to the current upheavals in nursing, thus setting the stage for (4) the role of the nurse executive within these transitions. PMID- 3154040 TI - The development of a role charter for nursing unit administrators. AB - Issues of decentralization and changes in the structure of the traditional Head Nurse role were motivating factors for the proactive stance taken by the Medical Surgical Head Nurse Group at The Wellesley Hospital. Increasing frustration with the conventional role and the need for a reflective performance appraisal tool provided further impetus for the development of a revised job description. The three departments of nursing each submitted their perception of the role. A task force was established whose mandate was to review and revise the three separate submissions and combine them into a composite document. This article describes the process from the initial motivating factors to the development of a cohesive Total Head Nurse Group and finally a 'Role Charter for Nursing Unit Administrators.' PMID- 3154041 TI - Down with elitism in nursing. PMID- 3154042 TI - The power of excellence. PMID- 3154043 TI - The expanded role nurse. A dissenting viewpoint. AB - This article presents a dissenting view of the expanded role nurse in light of contemporary nursing theory. Nursing has moved beyond the vision of expanded practice as conceptualized by provincial and federal nursing associations more than two decades ago. A body of scientific knowledge has emerged which distinguishes nursing practice as unique, and there is a trend away from practice based upon the medical model. The expanded role nurse represents a retreat to physician-dominated, medical model practice and runs counter to the goal of theory-based practice. It is suggested that the concept of the physician's assistant is an appropriate response to cutbacks in medical residents rather than the delegation of medical functions to nurses. If nursing is to survive into the 21st century, theory-based practice must be firmly established and expanded through research. It is proposed that the expanded nursing role as presented in the literature is incompatible with theory-based nursing practice and diminishes the hope for autonomous professionhood. PMID- 3154044 TI - [Hormonal studies in pregnant women with cervix incompetence]. PMID- 3154045 TI - [Papers on Polish subjects by research workers of the Lublin Medical Academy published during the years 1979-1983. II. Polish subjects in books]. PMID- 3154046 TI - [Interactions of manganese (II) ions with DNA in vitro]. PMID- 3154047 TI - Evaluation of cervix condition according to Bishop score in post term pregnancy. PMID- 3154048 TI - [Retrospective analysis of the results of treatment of acquired albinism treated at the Dermatological Clinic, Medical Academy, in Lublin 1976-1985]. PMID- 3154049 TI - [Ultrastructure of secretory cells of the bulbourethral glands of rats after experimental inhibition of the gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland]. PMID- 3154051 TI - [Ultrasonography and computerized tomography in the diagnosis of intracranial pathological processes in infants]. PMID- 3154050 TI - [Ionic and non-ionic contrast media]. PMID- 3154052 TI - [Evaluation of mucosal cells of the digestive tract of rats exposed to experimental stress]. PMID- 3154053 TI - [Roentgenological picture of pancreatic calcinosis and kidney calculi]. PMID- 3154054 TI - [Treatment of psoriasis with erythema dose of cygnoline and irradiation with ultraviolet rays]. PMID- 3154056 TI - [Correlations between various elements of internal structure of the deep branch of the radial nerve and age, body weight and body height]. PMID- 3154055 TI - [Ribosomal proteins of the brain and liver of chickens during ontogenesis]. PMID- 3154057 TI - [Clinical evaluation of rifamycin SV in ampules of 250 and 500 mg produced by the Tarchomin Pharmaceutical Plants "Polfa"]. PMID- 3154058 TI - Gastric areas (areae gastricae). PMID- 3154059 TI - [Relation between various measurement values of the heart and coronary arteries of Cercopithecus aethiops]. PMID- 3154060 TI - [Urinary excretion of lead in patients treated with tuberculostatic drugs]. PMID- 3154061 TI - Serum and urinary hydroxyproline in patients with severe chronic renal failure. PMID- 3154062 TI - [Possibilities of diagnosis of parasellar expansive processes by the method of computerized tomography (CT)]. PMID- 3154063 TI - [Papers on Polish subjects by research workers of the Lublin Medical Academy published during the years 1979-1983. I. Articles on Polish subjects in periodicals]. PMID- 3154064 TI - [Nutritional status with regard to calcium in Argentina]. AB - Knowledge about calcium nutritional status in Argentina is scarce, due to the lack of systematic studies carried out in the country. For this reason, in the present report we have gathered information from data of food availability, nutritional surveys and the biochemical indicator Ca/Creatinine ratio in basal urine. All these data, jointly analyzed, allow certain extrapolations, based on which it is feasible to deduce conclusions as to the nutritional status in regard to such nutrient. Food availability data reveal an inadequate supply of calcium. On the other hand, the surveys, carried out for different purposes but with similar methodology, reveal a high percentage of deficient individuals, with reference to the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) of the NRC (800 mg/day for adults). The use of the Ca/Creatinine ratio, in basal urine, confirms the high prevalence of Ca nutritional deficiency. Therefore, in our population which has a high protein consumption, Ca requirements are better reflected by NRC's RDA than FAO's (400 mg/day). These results clearly show that Ca deficiency is a generalized nutritional problem in the country. The causes seem to be not dependent on socioeconomic level, but would be closely related to dietary imbalance derived from the alimentary habits common to the Argentine population. PMID- 3154065 TI - [Influence of dietary protein levels on the electrophoretic pattern and plasma IgG and IgM levels in pregnant rats and their offspring]. AB - In view of the influence that nutritional and physiological status exert on the immunological capacity of the subject, a study was carried out for the purpose of studying the changes induced by three protein levels in the diet: (4%, 10% (control), and 20%) on total plasma proteins (TPP) and their fractions, as well as Ig G and Ig M levels in non-pregnant (NP) and pregnant (P) rats and their offspring. Effect of the diet on adult rats--In non-pregnant rats submitted to the high protein diet, Ig G levels increased while TPP decreased in P rats fed on 4% and 20% protein diets. The higher the protein level in the diet, the higher were the TPP values. Effect of pregnancy--Ig G and Ig M levels suffered an increase in rats fed the 4% and 10% protein diets, while a decrease was observed in rats submitted to the 20% protein level diet. The TPP rate diminished in rats fed on the low protein diets, and increased when the highest protein diet was administered. Effect of the diet on offspring--Ig M levels were only detected in neonates from rats fed with the low and high protein diets. Moreover, the TPP rate increased as a direct function of the dietary protein intake. PMID- 3154066 TI - Separate effects of dietary protein and fat on serum cholesterol levels: another view of amino acid content of proteins. AB - Casein or soy protein with vegetable or animal fat were used to determine the dietary protein or fat effects and their possible interaction on serum cholesterol levels. Young, male New Zealand white rabbits with a mean weight of 2.1 kg were divided into groups of six and fed one of four different diets containing 20% of the calories as protein, 30% as fat (according to dietary guidelines for the United States) and 50% as carbohydrate. The diets contained casein or soy (lysine/arginine ratio = 2.2 or 0.9, respectively) as the protein sources with fat from either almond oil or butter. There was no significant difference in weight gain among the diet groups. Total serum cholesterol level was highest among animals fed the diet containing butter with casein (177 +/- 25 mg/dl) or soy protein (189 +/- 50 mg/dl), it was intermediate in animals fed the vegetable oil with casein (121 +/- 14 mg/dl), and lowest in the soy protein with vegetable oil group (58 +/- 12 mg/dl). There was a significant difference in serum cholesterol levels due to the protein effect when vegetable oil was used (p less than 0.05) but not with butter. There was also a significant fat effect on serum cholesterol when the diet contained soy protein (p less than 0.005) but not when the protein was casein. No significant interaction was observed between the dietary fat and protein sources on serum cholesterol levels, which suggests that dietary protein and fat independently affect the levels of serum cholesterol. Thus, dietary protein has a significant effect on serum cholesterol levels and may be a factor in the low levels of serum cholesterol observed among vegetarians and in humans of Third World countries where the diets is primarily of vegetable origin. PMID- 3154067 TI - [Quality characterization of several bolognas in Mexico. II. Evaluation of the nutritive value of their proteins]. AB - Bologna is the most widely consumed processed meat product in the State of Sonora, Mexico. In the study herein described, the nutritive value of the protein in each brand was evaluated by means of the protein efficiency ratio (PER). Additionally, protein apparent digestibility (Cr2O3) and protein digestibility, both in vivo and in vitro, were determined, as well as apparent digestible energy in the same products. Results revealed significant differences in PER (p less than 0.05) among the commercial bologna brands with respect to ANRC casein. Nevertheless, when tested against the specific contrast, no significant PER differences were detected among the six bologna brands, and the control. Neither was there any difference detected in regard to apparent digestible energy consumption, or protein digestibility in vitro or in vivo. PMID- 3154068 TI - [Quality characterization of several bolognas in Mexico. III. Sensorial evaluation by an untrained panel]. AB - In a study on the quality evaluation of bologna, the major processed meat product of greater consumption in Sonora, Mexico, the quality of commercial brands, available in local markets, was investigated. As part of it, the sensory or organoleptic aspect of factors influencing the acceptance of bologna by consumers was included. The factors considered were: flavor, texture, appearance and color. The acceptance-preference of each product was determined using a hedonic scale and a balanced incomplete block design. The results were then statistically analyzed by the F-test for difference among treatments. Student's "t" test for population means, and multiple range for acceptance and frequency of preference. Findings revealed there were differences in flavor, texture and appearance among the bologna brands. The most relevant factors causing these differences were: saltiness, fluor flavor, stickiness, dryness, and uniformity of color. Significant differences in the color scores among the different brands were also detected, but this was not the case for overall color. PMID- 3154069 TI - [Development on a rice-based food product, for children]. AB - An infant dehydrated rice-based food product, complemented with soybean flour, was developed. To improve its nutritional and organoleptic characteristics, fruits were also added. Ingredients were first precooked and dried in a drum dryer, obtaining a final product, as flakes, with a 2 to 3% water content. This rehydrates easily with liquids such as milk, water or "panela" (refined and concentrated sugar cane syrup). The sensory panel did not detect any difference between formulations containing 10, 15 and 20% soybean, respectively. PMID- 3154070 TI - [Use of sunflower (Heliantus annus, L.) in human foods. II. Enrichment of sunflower protein concentrate with fish and sesame flour]. AB - The first part of this study revealed that a sunflower meal submitted to thermic treatment resulted in a protein of better quality when supplemented with lysine, while the meal not subjected to thermic treatment, supplemented with methionine, did not increase its nutritional value. These data indicated, therefore, that the limiting amino acid in sunflower meal is lysine, and not methionine. Based on these findings, and in order to confirm previous results, fish flour (high in lysine) and sesame flour (high methionine) were used to enrich the amino acid pattern of the sunflower protein concentrate. Three diets were thus prepared at the 10% protein level, containing: Sunflower protein concentrate which provided 70% protein, plus sesame flour (30% protein). Sunflower protein concentrate with 70% protein, and fish flour (30% protein). Sunflower concentrate with 70% protein, sesame flour with 20%, and fish flour with 10% protein. These following conclusions were derived on the basis of the analysis of these results: Supplementation of sunflower concentrate with 30% sesame flour does not producer a product of high nutritional value, once again indicating that lysine and not methionine is the limiting amino acid. Supplementation of the sunflower protein concentrate with fish flour (high in lysine content) presents a protein efficiency ratio (PER), practically equal to that of the casein pattern. PMID- 3154071 TI - [Sesame seed (Sesamum indicum, L.). I. Methods for preparing an edible white flour]. AB - Methods for processing of the sesame seed were tested in order to obtain an edible meal. The nutritive value of this meal was evaluated by chemical and biological analyses. According to the results obtained, it was concluded that the best method is to submit the seeds to a maceration process and to a vapor treatment. The sesame flour protein is of reasonable quality, rich in sulfur amino acids. Although is has a low lysine level, it can be utilized for complementing the amino acid pattern of other mixtures. PMID- 3154072 TI - [Sesame seed (Sesamum indicum, L.). II. Use of sesame flour in protein mixtures]. AB - The results obtained in the first part of this study demonstrated that the sesame flour protein is of reasonable quality and can be utilized, although it has a low lysine content and is rich in sulfur amino acids. Based on the initial data, the sesame flour was supplemented with other meals: "carioca" beans, pigeon pea, and soybean. Nine diets were prepared and the best combination was that of 50% sesame flour protein and 50% pigeon pea, the PER of which was 2.28. Breads were made with these systems, as follows: 100% sesame flour, 100% wheat flour, 50% sesame flour + 50% wheat flour; 30% sesame flour + 70% wheat flour; 30% sesame flour + 30% soybean flour + 40% wheat flour. These were evaluated through sensory analysis by a grading system. Good acceptance was obtained with the bread prepared with 30% sesame flour + 70% wheat flour. Its external and internal appearance, as well as its organoleptic characteristics were close to the bread, with 100% wheat flour. Sesame flour at the 50% proportion gave a bread of medium quality. The protein mixtures of sesame flour and soybean flour were well accepted. Some of the panel members reported that it had a taste somewhat like integral bread. PMID- 3154073 TI - [Comparative study of the chemical composition, amino acid content and nutritive value of fresh, frozen, salted, dried and rehydrated hake]. AB - The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the freezing, on the one hand, and salting/drying processes on the other, on the nutritional value of the hake. Data on the chemical composition of fresh, quick-freezing, and salted/dried/rehydrated hake fillets is given, as well as data on the mineral composition, identification of fatty acids in the lipidic extract, and amino acid composition of their proteins. The EUD values (enzymatic ultrafiltrate digest) in all three types of samples were then calculated, thereby determining the nutritional value of the hake after each process. PMID- 3154074 TI - [Quality characterization of several bolognas in Mexico. I. Chemical and microbiologic evaluation]. AB - The State of Sonora, is one of the main producers of beer, cattle and pork in Mexico. In the work herein reported, it was determined that the total processed meat consumption in Sonora was 403.69 ton/month. The main product was bologna which for this reason, was the basis of our study. Chemical and microbiological evaluations of the commercial brands of bologna, purchased in local markets, were performed, including analysis for determinations of protein, ash, nitrites, phosphates and benzoic acid content. Total mesophyllic counts, and most probable number of coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus (positive coagulase) and Salmonella sp. were also determined. The results of the chemical analysis revealed that none of the brands complied with established norms, particularly in regard to protein, carbohydrates, phosphates and benzoic acid levels which exceeded the norms. Aerobic mesophyllic counts, and most probable number of coliforms, had wide variations even within the same brand. Only one sample contained Staphylococcus aureus, and all samples were negative for Salmonella sp. PMID- 3154075 TI - St. Jude biopolymeric graft: development and initial clinical performance. PMID- 3154076 TI - Applications of the isolated perfused rat liver in transplantation research. PMID- 3154077 TI - Radionuclide study of platelets and prosthetic interactions: external versus specimen quantitation. AB - Twenty-nine New Zealand white rabbits were allocated to undergo insertion of either polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (n = 22) or microporous silicone rubber (SR) (n = 7), 3-mm diameter, 10-mm long aortic grafts. Animals with PTFE grafts received aspirin (ASA) 10 mg/kg/d and dipyridamole (DPM) 10 mg/kg/d (n = 11) or placebo (n = 11). Autologous In-111-oxine-labeled platelets were reinfused on reestablishment of blood flow through the graft. Using gamma camera images, an external graft platelet accumulation index (E-GPAI) was calculated as the In-111 activity in the graft area to the reference aorta at 24, 48, and 72 hours post implantation. Mean E-GPAI +/- SEM values for the ASA/DPM (n = 4) and control groups (n = 7) were 1.13 +/- 0.16 and 1.34 +/- 0.05 (NS) at 24 hours, 1.20 +/- 0.16 and 1.33 +/- 0.07 (NS) at 48 hours, and 1.38 +/- 0.07 and 1.35 +/- 0.10 (NS) at 72 hours, respectively. A similar internal graft platelet accumulation index (I-GPAI) was constructed based on In-111 activity in excised grafts and reference aorta measured in a scintillation counter. Mean I-GPAI +/- SEM values for the PTFE ASA/DPM (n = 9) and control groups (n = 8) at 48 hours post implantation were 43.1 +/- 2.7 and 216.8 +/- 73.9 (P = 0.05), respectively. I-GPAI values for the SR grafts were 192.5 +/- 43.1. CONCLUSION: The E-GPAI was not sensitive enough to demonstrate the effect of antiplatelet medication on platelet accumulation on the PTFE grafts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154078 TI - The use of animals in surgical research. PMID- 3154079 TI - Thermal studies of in-vivo vascular tissue fusion by argon laser. AB - There are conflicting opinions regarding the mechanism of welding or fusion of vascular tissue by lasers. In this study, we measured the effects of saline irrigation on tissue temperature and fusion produced by argon laser welding of eight femoral and four carotid arteriovenous fistulas. Temperatures were continuously recorded using a digital thermographic camera. Forty 1-cm. welds were performed using powers of 0.50 (n = 24), 0.75 (n = 8), and 1.00 (n = 8) watt (W), with an energy fluence of 1100 J/cm2 per 1 cm segment, and cooling of the anastomotic site by saline irrigation (3 ml/minute). The "success" of fusions was determined by testing integrity of the repairs by exposure to blood flow. At 0.50 and 0.75 W, successful welds were formed when the temperatures were 44.2 +/- 1.6 (n = 28) and 55.0 +/- 3.6 degrees C (n = 20), with maximum temperatures of 47.9 and 59.9 degrees C respectively. At 1 W, the tissue was desiccated and the welds disrupted when exposed to blood flow with temperatures measured at 63.7 +/- 10.0 degrees C (n = 22) and maximum of 88.0 degrees C. Eight welds were also attempted without saline irrigation at 0.25 (n = 4) and 0.50 W (n = 4). At 0.25 W, tissue fusion was achieved but disrupted when exposed to intraluminal pressures with temperatures 50.3 +/- 2.0 degrees C (n = 10) and maximum of 52.6 degrees C. At 0.50 W, the fusion failed after only minimal exposure to the laser energy because of tissue drying and retraction with temperatures measured at greater than 125 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154080 TI - Technical aspects of intestinal transplantation in the rat. AB - The microsurgical technique for rat intestinal transplantation used in our laboratory is described. A 25-cm segment of jejunum is harvested from the donor on a pedicle of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV). These vessels are then anastomosed end-to-side with 10-0 nylon to the infrarenal aorta and inferior vena cava of the recipient. The bowel ends are placed in isoperistaltic continuity with the host intestine. The procedure was performed in 423 animals with an 86 percent success rate and has been used to investigate all aspects of small bowel transplantation. The technique is described in detail with schematic drawings and intraoperative photographs, with the goal of making the procedure more understandable and accessible to other investigators wishing to study vascularized intestinal transplantation in the rat. PMID- 3154081 TI - Swine as models in experimental surgery. AB - The use of swine in surgical research has undergone a dramatic increase in recent years, due to decreasing availability of dogs as surgical models and a renewed interest in the porcine model based on anatomic and physiologic characteristics. This article reviews the issues involved in selection of swine as experimental surgical subjects including procurement considerations, anesthetic selection, housing methods, and anatomic and physiologic characteristics. PMID- 3154082 TI - A simplified alloperfused rat heart model for studying myocardial protection. AB - Isolated hearts are widely used to study myocardial protection because they allow for rigorous control of parameters that is not readily achievable by the in-vivo heart models. The classic Langendorff system and its modifications using asanguinous perfusates have an obvious limitation in that asanguinous reperfusion is clinically irrelevant. The available blood-perfused heart systems are complicated by the use of pumping circuits. In this study, an isolated rat heart, harvested under cold cardioplegia, is alloperfused with the blood coming from an isogenic support rat. The coronary effluent returns to the support rat by gravity. The model was validated by testing its response to normothermic ischemia and reperfusion, and the expected protective effects of hypothermic-cardioplegia are demonstrated. A marked difference in response to ischemia is shown between this model and the buffer-perfused heart. We conclude that alloperfused isolated rat heart model is an inexpensive and more clinically relevant method of screening various new modes of myocardial protection. PMID- 3154083 TI - Immunomodulation of intradermal mammary carcinoma using staphage lysate in a rat model. AB - Staphage lysate (SPL), a preparation of Staphylococcus aureus obtained by bacteriophage lysis, is an interferon-inducer and stimulator of T and B lymphocytes. Does SPL, as an immunopotentiator, have an effect on the growth and metastases of an intradermal mammary carcinoma? To answer this question, a study using SPL in female Fischer rats injected with 7 x 10(6) viable 13762 mammary tumor cells on the midback were used. Four groups were created with 10 animals in each group. Group I was the control group. They received no treatment. Group II received 0.3 ml of medium in which SPL was carried on alternate days. Group III received 0.3 ml SPL on alternate days. Group IV were sensitized with dead staphylococcal organisms prior to SPL treatment as in Group III. Tumor diameters were recorded on days 10, 13, 17, and 21, and autopsies were performed to determine the extent of metastases. Histologic examination and serum antibody measurements were performed. The mean tumor diameters on day 21 were: Group I: 4.1 +/- 0.2 cm; Group II: 3.80 +/- 0.19 cm; Group III: 3.04 +/- 0.13 cm; and Group IV: 2.97 +/- 0.14 cm. Rats receiving SPL treatment in Groups III and IV had significantly smaller tumors (P less than .001). The incidence of axillary lymph node involvement was: Group I: 100%; Group II: 87.5%; Group III: 62.5%; and Group IV: 40%. Lung metastases were seen in all groups. Groups I and II had 100% incidence of grossly visible nodules, whereas Groups III and IV had 75% and 70% involvement. Gross findings were confirmed by microscopic examination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154084 TI - Effect of a butter-rich diet on murine frostbite. AB - A simple reproducible, humane model for producing frostbite in rodents is desirable. We have developed such a model and have investigated the effects of a butter-rich diet on severe cold injury. Mice (25 +/- 2 g) were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10). One group was given a standard rodent diet and the other group a butter-enriched (25%) rodent diet for 1 month. Under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia the mice were placed in a plastic funnel with the stem removed so that the entire tail protruded. The tails were submerged in a freezing solution (-18 degrees C) for 8 min. The mice received no further treatment. Tail lengths were measured 2 weeks after freezing to determine the amount of tail surviving from cold injury after autoamputation. Mean tail lengths (cm +/- SD) for the two groups were as follows: butter-rich diet, 4.3 +/- 1.8; standard diet, 7.3 +/- 2.0 (P less than 0.002). A high saturated-fat diet has a deleterious effect in murine frostbite. This simple model can be employed to test various modalities in the treatment of frostbite. PMID- 3154085 TI - A harness for 24-hour pH-monitoring in the dog. AB - Twenty-four hour pH monitoring is used widely in the field of upper gastrointestinal disease. This technique allows the study of pH profiles in normal subjects and those with esophageal, gastric, or duodenal disease. However, it has not been possible to study ambulatory pH in animals. We have designed and developed a harness to carry a pH recorder that enables 24-hour pH studies to be performed in the dog. We studied pH profiles in 10 dogs. The harness is adaptable and could be used for other long-term physiological measurements. PMID- 3154086 TI - Liver regeneration in rats treated with the antiandrogen flutamide. AB - Previous studies have shown that male rat liver undergoes demasculinization during hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy. In the present study the effect of the antiandrogen flutamide on liver regeneration was assessed. Adult male Wistar rats were treated with flutamide (2 mg/rat/day or 5 mg/rat/day subcutaneously) or vehicle for 3 days prior to and daily after partial hepatectomy. Rates of DNA and polyamine synthesis were assessed by measuring thymidine kinase and ornithine decarboxylase activities, respectively. The rate of liver growth after partial hepatectomy in the three groups was similar at all time points examined. The increases in thymidine kinase activity and ornithine decarboxylase activity after partial hepatectomy were comparable throughout the study. Thus, administration of flutamide did not influence the regenerative response after partial hepatectomy. PMID- 3154087 TI - A porcine model for the study of liver regeneration. AB - A technique of 65% partial hepatectomy in the pig is described. Thymidine kinase activity and mitotic index were used as indices of liver regeneration. Thymidine kinase activity increased from a baseline value of 1526 +/- 256 to a maximum of 23992 +/- 4966 dpm/mg protein on the third day after partial hepatectomy. The mitotic index also increased from 0-13.3 +/- 1.66 on the third postoperative day. The indices of regeneration remained unchanged after sham operation. PMID- 3154088 TI - A paracostal approach for splenectomy in the sheep. AB - A modified left paracostal approach was developed to splenectomize sheep. This approach was found to be superior to the described approaches for removal of the spleen by rib resection. Since the diaphragm is in close approximation to the last rib, resection of the last rib can result in entry of the thoracic cavity, which will complicate the surgical procedure. Furthermore, rib resection necessitates the use of analgesics, due to the pain commonly associated with any orthopedic procedure, and thereby extends postoperative recovery time. The paracostal abdominal approach provides excellent exposure, ease of manipulation, reduced anesthetic time, and fewer related problems such as postoperative pain control and thoracic evacuation. A major benefit of the paracostal approach is the minimal need for analgesic support as evidenced by the animals' rapid return to normal function. This bypasses the need for extended recovery, as required in the rib resection approach, and allows earlier utilization of the animal for research. PMID- 3154089 TI - Practice model for choledochoscopy. AB - Proficiency and expertise with any highly specialized technique demands practice, particularly before performance on the human being. In order to teach the technique of choledochoscopy to residents and surgeons interested in continuing medical education, we designed a canine model for instruction and practice in which a segment of the inferior vena cava, which greatly resembles the size, consistency, and branching pattern of the human common bile duct, is used. This model has been utilized successfully for this purpose for several years. Model preparation is simple and effective and is applicable to any surgical research laboratory. PMID- 3154090 TI - Holding human health hostage. PMID- 3154091 TI - Some observations on the current status of research in surgery. PMID- 3154092 TI - Canine pancreaticoduodenal autotransplantation: a preparation for human pancreatic transplantation. AB - This canine pancreaticodunodenal autotransplantation model includes virtually the entire pancreas attached to a duodenal cuff (second portion). The blood supply is based on the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery and the venous outflow on the gastroduodenal vein. The vascular anastomoses are end-to-side to the external iliac artery and vein. Exocrine drainage is channeled through the bladder from the transplanted duodenum. This technique closely resembles whole-organ pancreas transplant in humans with a cystoduodenostomy. The bowel reconstruction consists of a Billroth I gastroduodenostomy and a cholecystoduodenostomy. The entire procedure is relatively free of major complications and may be performed in less than 4 hours. PMID- 3154093 TI - Histopathologic correlates of murine hepatic ischemic reperfusion injury: evidence from a chronic in vivo model. PMID- 3154094 TI - Sustained delivery of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) by means of implantable ceramic devices. AB - A total of 25 Sprague-Dawley albino male rats were assigned to five groups, each group consisting of five rats. Polylactic acid-impregnated ALCAP capsules filled with 40 mg DFMO were implanted subcutaneously (sc) or intraperitoneally (ip) in group I and II rats, respectively. Rats in group III were implanted with empty ALCAP capsules (ALCAP control). Group IV rats were administered orally 3% DFMO in drinking water. Rats in group V served as control. Blood samples were collected every week for six weeks via the tail artery. The concentration of DFMO was determined by a modified ninhydrin hydrindantin method. Data obtained in this investigation showed that the levels of DFMO in the serum of rats in groups I and II were 41.87 +/- 6.8 and 237.62 +/- 13.3 micrograms/mL, respectively. Body, spleen, liver, prostate, seminal vesicles, and testicular weights of the controls and DFMO treated rats were not significantly different (p less than 0.05) over the entire duration of this study. The diarrhea often noted in rats treated orally with DFMO was not observed in rats implanted with ALCAP capsules filled with DFMO. The results of this study suggest that (1) polymer-impregnated ALCAP ceramic capsules can be used to deliver DFMO in a sustained manner for long durations of time, (2) side effects associated with oral administration of DFMO can be avoided by using DFMO-filled ALCAP ceramic implants, and (3) a ceramic system can be designed to deliver DFMO and drugs such as DFMO in a sustained manner over long periods of time in humans. PMID- 3154096 TI - Small bowel transplantation in the rat: ultrastructural changes during the early phases of rejection. AB - Small bowel transplantation has great potential for the treatment of short bowel syndrome, but the poorly understood rapid rejection of the bowel has hindered progress in this field. In this study, the rat model was used to evaluate the earliest detectable changes of bowel rejection. Eleven pairs of outbred rats underwent heterotopic transplantation of 10-15 cm segments of proximal jejunum on a pedicle of superior mesenteric artery and vein, anastomosed microsurgically to recipient aorta and inferior vena cava, respectively. The bowel extremities were exteriorized. Eight successfully transplanted rats were studied with serial punch biopsies, immediately post-transplantation and daily for 7 successive days. Biopsies were evaluated by light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ultrastructural changes were evident before any gross or histologic changes. Endothelial damage, detected only by TEM, was common and resulted in exposure of the thrombus-promoting subendothelial components. Activated platelets as well as platelet aggregates adhered to these damaged areas. The lumen of some vessels was filled with tightly packed erythrocytes, at times showing intravascular hemolysis, suggestive of stasis. Extravascular features included edema and small numbers of immunocompetent cells. The epithelium showed a variable morphology depending on the degree of change in the underlying vessels and submucosa. The findings suggest that vascular damage and thrombosis as well as immunologic events are important in the early phase of the rejection process. Sustaining a viable segment of transplanted intestine may depend on suppressing both the microthrombotic aspect (with anticoagulants and/or antiplatelet agents) and the ensuing immunologic process with newer modalities such as cyclosporine. PMID- 3154095 TI - Liver replacement with reduced size donor organs. AB - End stage liver disease in children can be treated with orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Nevertheless, the expansion of this therapy in Europe has been limited because of the shortage of appropriate size-matched donors. One possible technical solution is the OLT of a liver graft previously reduced in size by in situ resection preceding the harvesting procedure. To study the impact of this technique we examined two different operative procedures performed on Landrace pigs. Group 1 consisted of 20 standard donor/recipient weight matched OLT. In group 2, 15 OLT were performed using right lateral and medial lobes (55% of the original donor liver). The donor/recipient weight ratio in the group was 2:1. Cold ischemia times were 90 +/- 16 min for group 1 and 98 +/- 9 min for group 2. It is emphasized that in contrast to all the other reports using resected liver grafts for OLT, the donor resection in our study was always performed in situ under normothermic conditions, preceding the harvesting procedure. This was designed to reduce the cold ischemia time. No significant technical problems were encountered. The biochemical results of group 2 pigs compared to group 1 demonstrate an analogous, postoperative course. This might be explained by regenerative stimuli acting on the resected liver tissues and enhancing their metabolic function. These data support the conclusion that resected adult donor liver grafts may be used for pediatric transplant recipients. PMID- 3154097 TI - Orthotopic nonauxiliary total bowel transplantation using rats: technical procedure. AB - A procedure for nonauxiliary orthotopic total bowel transplantation is described, in which the graft from jejunum to distal colon is transplanted with portal venous drainage in end-to-end fashion in a one-stage procedure. The early postoperative mortality (within 4 days) was 23.8% in this study and presently is approximately 20% in our laboratory. It is noteworthy that the incidence of venous thrombosis is very low in this model. Continuous venous infusion, vascular perfusion, and luminal irrigation with Euro-Collins solution were employed in this preparation. The technique described is expected to prove useful for orthotopic nonauxiliary bowel transplant investigation because of its technical simplicity, low early postoperative mortality, and low incidence of vascular complications. PMID- 3154098 TI - Bovine oviductal cannulations. AB - Oviductal fluid was collected from 23 dairy cows following cannulation of the oviduct in 38 procedures utilizing silastic catheters. Standing laparotomy in the caudal abdomen enabled exteriorization of the ipsilateral ovary, oviduct, and uterine horn tip. A simple plastic device inserted through the ostium facilitated placement of an indwelling catheter. The exteriorized catheter connected to a collection device attached to the flank that provided ready access for harvesting fluids. Typical fluid volumes collected ranged from 0.1 to 3 mL per day depending on the estrus cycle stage. Patency varied from 2 to 156 days with an average duration of 68.2 days. Fluid flow ceased most commonly when a catheter was avulsed from the surgical site (58%) or became occluded with fibrin (14%). Slight modification of the stanchion housing has increased the longevity of the preparations. PMID- 3154099 TI - Effect of partial portal vein ligation on hepatic regeneration. AB - To evaluate the effect of portal hypertension and diminished portal venous blood flow to the liver on hepatic regeneration, male rats were subjected to partial portal vein ligation and subsequently to a two-thirds partial hepatectomy. The levels of ornithine decarboxylase activity at 6 h after partial hepatectomy were greater (p less than 0.001) in the rats with prior partial portal vein ligation than in those without portal hypertension. The rats with prior partial portal vein ligation also had greater (p less than 0.005) levels of thymidine kinase activity at 48 h after partial hepatectomy than did those without portal hypertension. Hepatic sex hormone receptor activity was not affected by prior partial portal vein ligation either before or after partial hepatectomy. The reductions in both estrogen and androgen receptor activity observed in the hepatic cytosol after partial hepatectomy were similar to those observed in control animals. These data indicate that animals with portal hypertension having a diminished hepatic portal blood flow have a normal capacity to regenerate hepatic mass following a hepatic resection. PMID- 3154100 TI - Canine peripheral vascular arteriosclerosis following myointimal fragmentation and atherogenic diet. AB - The development of arteriosclerotic peripheral vascular lesions following balloon catheter and mechanical fragmentation of the arterial myointima combined with an atherogenic diet was studied in a canine model. The ileofemoral arteries of five mongrel dogs (mean wt 22 +/- 2 kg) were selectively cannulated and subjected to balloon catheter and mechanical myointimal injury by repeated longitudinal and transverse shearing forces. Twenty grams of hydrogenated coconut oil and a 5.0% cholesterol diet were fed to the animals daily during the study period. Followup angiographic studies obtained at 4 weeks (n = 2), 10 weeks (n = 3), 16 weeks (n = 3), and 24 weeks (n = 2) demonstrated changes of progressive peripheral vascular occlusion. Concurrent duplex Doppler studies correlated well with the angiographic results. At 10 (n = 1), 18 (n = 2), and 24 (n = 2) weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the vessels were perfusion-fixed in situ with 2% glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde solutions and excised. Histological examination demonstrated extensive arteriosclerotic changes including (i) fragmentation and reduplication of the internal elastic membrane, (ii) myointimal hyperplasia with fibroblastic proliferation including the development of fibrous intimal plaques, and (iii) transmigration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells with scattered monohistiocytes. The specimens showed a range of stenotic changes from 25% to total occlusion of the vascular lumen. These preliminary data demonstrate the feasibility of providing intense arteriosclerotic myointimal histologic changes in the canine peripheral vasculature within a 24-week period. Further refinement of this methodology may provide a practical model for studies of localized peripheral vascular occlusive disease. PMID- 3154101 TI - Bovine pericardial patch fibrosis requiring reoperation. AB - Glutaraldehyde-fixed bovine pericardium (GFBP) has multiple uses. Its use as a vascular patch material is under investigation. A case report of severe fibrosis causing early reoperation of a GFBP patch used to repair coarctation of the aorta is presented. PMID- 3154102 TI - Chemiluminescent responses of macrophages exposed to biomaterials: a biocompatibility screening test. AB - Chemiluminescence (CL) response of alveolar macrophages (AM) exposed to either phagocytosable or nonphagocytosable particles of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or titanium in vitro was monitored. The results were correlated to known in vivo bone tissue compatibility of the materials. Moreover, the quantity and morphology of adherent AM on titanium and PMMA disks were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our results with PMMA indicated that a high CL response to phagocytosable as well as nonphagocytosable particles of the biomaterial in question, correlated with poor bone tissue compatibility. By contrast, a low CL response to phagocytosable particles and no response to nonphagocytosable particles correlated with a satisfactory bone tissue compatibility, as in the case of titanium. SEM showed 48% more AM adherent to PMMA than titanium per unit area. Also, the percentage of cells with membrane damage was three times higher on PMMA than on titanium. It appears that the CL response of AM exposed to biomaterials in vitro thus can be used as an easy to do screening test for potential orthopaedic implant materials before in vivo tests are considered. PMID- 3154103 TI - Preliminary results with an apico-aortic valved conduit (AAVC) using polyurethane and aortic allograft valves. AB - Stenosis of the left ventricular outflow tract is one of the most frequent congenital cardiac anomalies in dogs. The subvalvular stenosis is described as a ring of fibrous tissue located in the left ventricular outflow tract immediately below the aortic valve. The best method of surgical treatment in dogs seems to be relief of the aortic obstruction with a ventricular aortic prosthesis. A new trileaflet valve manufactured out of polyurethane has been developed. For the conduit a woven Dacron graft has been used. In 5 male dogs a valved conduit was implanted between the apex of the left ventricle and the aorta thoracica without using hypothermia and/or cardiopulmonary bypass. Four dogs survived the surgical procedure and showed no clinical symptoms postoperatively. Blood flow through the conduit was demonstrated postoperatively by angiocardiography for a maximum of 22 days, the longest surviving time being 8 weeks. Trials for the replacement of the artificial valve in the conduit by a canine aortic allograft valve are in progress. Studies were done with the cryopreservation of fresh aortic valves. Sterilization, cryoconservation, and storage methods for the allograft are described. PMID- 3154104 TI - Bretylium and diltiazem in porcine cardiac procedures. AB - The use of miniature swine as a model for cardiovascular diseases of humans is becoming more popular for many reasons. One of the problems involved in using swine is their propensity for fatal cardiac arrhythmias during surgical procedures requiring general anesthetics, especially cardiac procedures. In preparation for use as a model of human atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, 30 three-month-old (15 kg) Hanford miniature swine underwent left heart catheterization, coronary angiography, and abrasion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. All pigs were treated with diltiazem HCl 30-60 mg (2 4 mg/kg) three times daily and aspirin 25 mg once daily, both given orally for three days before surgery. General anesthesia was induced with a combination of ketamine HCl 25 mg/kg, atropine sulfate 0.1 mg/kg, and acepromazine 0.22 mg/kg, all given intramuscularly. Halothane 1-2% and nitrous oxide 30% were used to maintain general anesthesia after endotracheal intubation. After successful cannulation of the femoral artery, all animals were given 200 units/kg heparin and 5 mg/kg bretylium tosylate intravenously. The electrocardiogram and mean blood pressure were monitored throughout the procedure. No significant change in blood pressure was noted during the procedure. Intracoronary nitroglycerin 200 micrograms was administered prior to abrasion of the left anterior descending with a 2.0-mm angioplasty balloon. The pigs were allowed to recover after routine closure of the incision. One pig (1/30) died during the abrasion procedure as a result of ventricular fibrillation. This represents a low, acceptable mortality using the present regimen compared with other regimens. PMID- 3154105 TI - FAO/WHO food additives data system. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. PMID- 3154106 TI - Specifications for identity and purity of certain food additives. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. PMID- 3154107 TI - Genetic polymorphisms among Ethiopian Jews in Israel. AB - A random sample of 111 Ethiopian Jews were studied for 24 polymorphic genetic markers in the blood. The results show the occurrence in high frequencies of many African genes in this population. PMID- 3154108 TI - Human beta-globin gene HpaI polymorphism in the non-white Cuban population. AB - The frequency of the association between the beta A, beta S and the beta C genes with the 13.0 kb HpaI restriction fragment has been determined in 72 non-white individuals with different hemoglobin phenotypes giving a value of 0.00 for the beta A gene, 0.52 for the beta S gene and 1.00 for the beta C gene. These data indicate that this association in the Cuban non-white population is similar to that reported for the American Blacks living in the U.S.A. East Coast and for the French West Indies. PMID- 3154109 TI - Polymorphisms in some racial groups in Burma. AB - Data are presented on serum and red cell polymorphisms in five ethnic groups in Burma, the Chin, Naga, Kachin, Shan and Kayah. Gene frequencies are discussed in relation to the present geographical locations of the groups and their probable history of migration. PMID- 3154110 TI - Red cell enzyme and serum protein gene markers in Fijians. AB - A total of 332 persons from three localities in the Fiji Islands have been tested for genetic variation in 24 red cell enzyme systems and 4 serum protein systems. Polymorphic variation was present at 7 red cell enzyme loci and 1 serum protein locus. The remaining systems were invariant except for a single individual with a slow variant at the GOT1 locus and another individual with a D variant at the TF locus. The series from Nandi differed significantly from the Lau Islands for gene frequencies in GPT, ACP and ESD, Koro Island differed from the other localities at the PGD locus and from Nandi for ESD. Genetic distance analysis reveals that Lau Islands cluster with Western Samoa, Koro Island with New Caledonia (Vanuatu), with Nandi being separate. PMID- 3154111 TI - Unusual transferrin TF*D mutants in some Congo populations. AB - Transferrin allele (TF) distribution was investigated in three Bantu and one Babenga Pygmy groups of Congo, by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide (PIEF). In comparison with other Black populations, the four groups had a twofold higher TF*D frequency. Three different TF*D mutants were observed, the commonest type of which was identical by PIEF to a *D1 Caucasian allele. The classification of the other two is discussed. The homozygous TF D1 pattern was present in Babenga. The polymorphism of transferrin confirmed the uniqueness of anthropological traits in such Congo populations. PMID- 3154112 TI - Taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide in a sample of Hungarian Gipsies. AB - PTC sensitivity in Gipsy and non-Gipsy populations of Hungary was evaluated. A significantly high difference was observed between the proportions of non-tasters among the Gipsies (39.3 per cent) and the non-Gipsies (26.4 per cent). These results are regarded as a probable confirmation of the Indian origin of the Gipsies, as the percentage of non-tasters in the majority of the different Indian tribes is higher than that of the European populations. PMID- 3154113 TI - Genetic markers among three population groups of Hungary. AB - Three ethnic groups from Hungary, the general population of Hungary, the Matyo and the Gypsies, were examined with respect to the genetic markers PGP, GLO1, GPT, ACP1, ESD, PGD, ADA, AK1, PGM1 subtypes, C3, BF, HP, GC subtypes, PI, TF subtypes and AMY2. Significant variations were noted for the gene frequencies of GPT and PGD between the Hungarian and Matyo sample. The Gypsies deviate in the systems of GLO1, ACP1, ADA, C3, BF and HP from the Hungarians. PMID- 3154114 TI - Haptoglobin subtypes in Greece. AB - The HP*1S, HP*1F, HP*2SS, HP*2SF, HP*2FF alleles have been studied on 212 individuals from Northern Greece. Their frequencies are 0.311, 0.042, 0.179, 0.463 and 0.005 respectively. The results have been compared with those found in other European populations. PMID- 3154115 TI - Genetic study of the haptoglobin polymorphism in Italy: I. Bari and Genoa provinces. AB - A random sample of 686 unrelated subjects from Bari (Southern Italy) and Genoa (Northern Italy) provinces was studied for HP polymorphism. The correlation between the HP*1 frequencies and geographical coordinates was studied for the populations of Italy, Europe, Middle East and Mediterranean basin. The results reveal the existence of a gradient of declining HP*1 frequencies from north-west to south-east across Europe and the Middle East. PMID- 3154116 TI - Sero-genetic studies on the Ambo of Namibia. AB - The Ambo are the largest population group of Namibia/South West Africa and consist of seven geographical and sociopolitical entities speaking different dialects of a common language. Nearly 600 individuals representing all the dialect groups were tested for 23 sero-genetic systems: the results reveal no evidence of significant San admixture and unusual alleles suggest an affinity with the Herero which confirms oral traditions of a common origin. Genetic distance measurements indicate that the Dama may also have a connection with these peoples and it is probable that most of the Bantu-speaking Negroes of Namibia/South West Africa come from the same stock. PMID- 3154117 TI - Studies on an isolated West Indies population (V): Genetic differentiation, evidence for founder effect and drift. AB - Red cell antigens [A,B,H,C,c,C(w),D,E,e,M,N,S,s,P1,K,FY(a),JK(a)] and 20 serum proteins or erythrocyte enzymes were tested in a white isolate of the French West Indies (the island of St-Barthelemy). The genetic differentiation mainly due to genetic drift and founder effect between France and this isolate and between the Leeward (parish of Gustavia) and Windward (parish of Lorient) areas within the island is discussed. Genetic admixture with black populations of African origin is very low. PMID- 3154118 TI - Polymorphism of human salivary amylase in the Madras city population. AB - Polymorphism of human salivary amylase has been studied in the Madras city (South India) population using discontinuous polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. Screening of random (n = 307) and family (n = 51) samples has revealed the presence and distribution of common and variant phenotypes of this enzyme. The occurrence of electrophoretic and isoelectric focusing phenotypes is compared with those of other populations. PMID- 3154119 TI - Taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide in Turkey. AB - The ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) has been investigated in a group of 366 Turkish medical students. The incidence of non-tasters was 7.78% (t gene frequency = .279) and 12.9% (t gene frequency = .359) for females and males respectively. The frequency of non-tasters for both sexes combined was 11.2% (t gene frequency = .335). PMID- 3154120 TI - Serological and biochemical genetic variation among three subpopulations of Naikpod tribe of Andhra Pradesh, India. AB - A total of 353 blood specimens belonging to three subpopulations of Naikpod tribe of Andhra Pradesh, India, were tested for 12 serological and biochemical marker systems: ABO and Rh blood groups, ESD, SOD1, LDH, MDH1 red cell enzymes, HB and TF, HP, CP, ALB plasma proteins. The results were compared among the three groups by chi-square analysis and they revealed no significant differences among them with the exception of TF system. In addition an attempt was made to compare the observed gene frequencies with those reported for other populations from the Indian subcontinent. PMID- 3154121 TI - Glyoxalase-I and esterase D polymorphisms in Kotas and Badagas of Nilgiri Hills, south India. AB - Blood samples from 217 unrelated individuals belonging to two endogamous populations, Kotas and Badagas of the Nilgiri Hills, South India, were screened for glyoxalase I and esterase D polymorphisms using mixed starch-agarose gel electrophoresis. The GLO1*1 gene frequency estimates were 0.1887 and 0.1982 for Kotas and Badagas. The ESD*1 gene frequency estimates were 0.7123 and 0.7568 for Kotas and Badagas, respectively. The results are compared with those available for other Indian populations. PMID- 3154122 TI - The hemoglobin E belt at the Thailand-Kampuchea border: ethnic and environmental determinants of hemoglobin E and beta-thalassemia gene frequencies. AB - The frequencies of the hemoglobin E gene (HBB*E) and the beta-thalassemia gene(s) (HBB*T) were determined in 890 healthy adult males from three areas at the Thai Kampuchean border in Northeastern Thailand. The population of the three study areas differs ethnically: area I is inhabited by Khmer-speaking people, area II has an ethnically mixed population (Tai-Lao, Soui and Khmer), and area III is predominantly Lao. In view of the topographic differences in malaria endemicity in the pre-eradication era, the probands from the three study areas were divided into subgroups "hills" and "plains" according to the location of their home villages. The frequencies of HBB*T were generally low, but the difference between the HBB*E frequencies in the "hills" (0.3295) and "plains" (0.2455) subgroups was highly significant. This is interpreted as environmental effect due to selection by malaria. A "hemoglobin E belt" with HBB*E frequencies between 0.3 and 0.35 extends along the Dangraek mountain chain at the border between Thailand and Kampuchea. PMID- 3154123 TI - Distribution of red cell blood group systems in Yi, Tibetan and Manchu ethnic groups in China. AB - A survey on distribution of ten red cell blood group systems was carried out in 1985 in the Yi, Tibetan and Manchu nationalities in China. Significant differences were found in the distribution of Rh, MNSs, P and especially in the ABO system, while no significant difference was found for Diego, Duffy, Kell, Kidd and XG systems. The DI*a gene frequency was about 0.03, FY*a rather high (0.94), KEL*K extremely low (0.005) and JK*a was about 0.4. In the three nationalities under study, Yi is characterized by high frequencies of the alleles A, M and CDe and by the absence of CDE and Cde. Tibetans show a high frequency of O and a relatively high frequency of P*P1, while Manchus have the lowest frequency of M and in particular of MS. PMID- 3154124 TI - Red cell and serum protein polymorphisms in three population groups of South Korea. AB - Genetic markers ACP1, PGM1 with subtypes, ESD, GLO1, PGD, GPT, PGP, C3, TF and GC with subtypes, BF, HP, AMY, PLG and PI, were studied in three populations in South Korea, one being the population of the industrial capital Seoul, the second a rural group from Taejon and the third the population of Cheju Island. For the polymorphic systems studied in the present work, a general similarity was observed among the three populations, with the exception of GPT and ACP1 (Taejon vs. Seoul) and subtypes of GC (Taejon vs. Cheiu). PMID- 3154125 TI - Some genetic markers in Catalonia. AB - A random sample from the Catalonian population was studied for 4 serum polymorphisms (HP, GC, Gm, Km). Gene frequencies agree with those of other South western European populations. Compared to Castilla the GC system shows a significant difference. PMID- 3154126 TI - Polymorphic DNA markers linked to cystic fibrosis locus in 20 Italian nuclear families. AB - We report the haplotype characterization of 20 cystic fibrosis (CF) families for the allelic systems MET-H, D7S16, D7S13 and D7S8. Linkage disequilibrium between MET-H and CF was found in the population investigated. Twelve of the examined families were fully informative, 6 partially informative and 2 completely uninformative. PMID- 3154127 TI - Serum protein polymorphism in Papua New Guinea Eastern Highlands. AB - Four protein polymorphisms: haptoglobin (HP), group specific component (GC), third component of complement (C3) and transferrin (TF), were investigated in Baruya tribes and several other Anga tribes living high in the Wonenara and Marawaka valleys in Papua New Guinea Eastern Highlands. A non-Anga tribe, the Aziana or Kenaze was also sampled. TF*D variant was identified in every group except Usarumpia. A number of anhaptoglobinaemic individuals was noticed. Environmental factors causing hemolysis and haptoglobin consumption are suggested. HP*1 and GC*1 frequencies were high, as usually observed in New Guinea. The Anga tribes are protected from malaria and represent a model of human isolates. The present study confirms this situation. PMID- 3154128 TI - Eight red cell enzymes polymorphisms in the Slovakian ethnic group of Yugoslavia. AB - The polymorphisms of eight red cell enzymes were studied in 211 unrelated voluntary blood donors from the ethnic group of Slovakians (Yugoslavia). Only common phenotypes were detected, which are usually present in European populations. The allele frequencies found were: GLO1*1 = 0.410, ESD*1 = 0.887, AK1*1 = 0.962, PGM1*1 = 0.780, ACP1*A = 0.315, ACP1*B = 0.637, ACP1*C = 0.047, GPT*1 = 0.535, ADA*1 = 0.952 and PGD*A = 0.940. These findings are discussed in the context of other European populations and the population of Serbia, Yugoslavia. PMID- 3154129 TI - Polymorphism of human orosomucoid in populations of western Germany and Switzerland. AB - The orosomucoid 1 (alpha-1-acid glycoprotein locus 1) gene frequencies have been studied in 670 individuals from Western Germany (Dusseldorf region) and in 220 individuals from Switzerland (Zurich region). The frequencies are ORM1*1 0.6269 and ORM1*2 0.3731 for Western Germany and ORM1*1 0.6068 and ORM1*2 0.3932 for Switzerland. PMID- 3154130 TI - ABO-haptoglobin interaction in the white Australian population: further evidence from Tasmania. AB - A total of 2003 donors from the island state of Tasmania, Australia, were investigated for association between the genetic polymorphisms, ABO and haptoglobin, HP. No interaction between phenotypes of the two systems was found, although the observed deficit of HP*1 in group O has also been noted in the neighbouring Victorian population. When the Tasmanian and Victorian samples were merged to give a large Australian sample (N = 4,211) again no association was found among the phenotypes. However, significant differences were observed in the distributions of both HP phenotypes and alleles between group O and non-O persons respectively. PMID- 3154132 TI - Blood groups in Newfoundlanders. AB - Data are presented on 30 high and low incidence antigens and on the distribution of the alleles of 14 blood group systems in a random sample of Newfoundlanders. The distribution of alleles in Newfoundland was compared to founder populations where possible and to the Canadian Caucasian population in general; no significant differences were found. Six rare alleles were observed (IN*a, NFLD, TAR, RH*x, RH*w, RH*V) in a population of 234 individuals. A high incidence of rare alleles has been reported in other isolate populations. PMID- 3154131 TI - IGHG1 phenotypes in three population samples from Italy (Albanians, Calabrians, northern Italians): a critical revision. AB - This paper presents data on the distribution of IGHG1 phenotypes in three populations living in Italy (Albanians, Calabrians and Northern Italians). IGHG1 typing for the allotypes z, x, a, f has been performed by using standard antisera provided by the Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service (Amsterdam). The results are compared with those obtained for the same populations using alloantisera from polytransfused subjects and Behringwerke antisera. It is shown that the results obtained by using the different antisera are not in agreement. Moreover, standard antisera reveal that the IGHG1 za haplotype is more frequent in Albanians than in Northern Italians. PMID- 3154133 TI - Genetic heterogeneity in Sardinia: 15 polymorphisms examined in 11 isolates. AB - Blood group systems ABO, RH, MNS, KEL, FY, LU and P, red cell enzymes ACP1, PGM1, PGM2, ADA, DIA and PHI, serum markers GC, HP, IGHG1, IGHG3 and IGK were examined in about 900 individuals sampled in 11 Sardinian isolates. The genetic differentiation turned out to be relatively high and the relevance of selected and neutral genes has been evaluated. PMID- 3154134 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency among three national minorities in Hainan Island, China. AB - A total of 296 healthy males belonging to three national minority groups, Li, Miao and Hui, in Hainan Island, China, were screened for G6PD deficiency. 9 out of 139 Li (6.47%), 8 out of 48 Miao (16.67%), and 2 out of 109 Hui (1.83%) individuals were found to be G6PD deficient. Of these 19 variant samples, three were subjected to G6PD characterization and found to be different from each other. They were considered to be G6PD Miaozu-Baisha, G6PD Qingyuan, and a new variant tentatively named G6PD Huizu-Sanya. PMID- 3154135 TI - Distribution of orosomucoid (ORM1) phenotypes in Cook Islanders: analysis by six band patterns. AB - The polymorphism of the orosomucoid (ORM) system was analysed in 318 Cook Islanders. Modified isoelectric focusing revealed six-band patterns in thin-layer polyacrylamide gel followed by immunofixation. The first ORM locus showed four band patterns with variations, while the second locus revealed two-band patterns without variation. ORM1*1 and ORM1*2 gene frequencies were 0.7893 and 0.2107 respectively. ORM1*3 allele was not detected. PMID- 3154136 TI - Blood groups in Papua New Guinea Eastern Highlands. AB - Blood group polymorphisms were analysed in inhabitants of Papua New Guinea Eastern Highlands. The aim of the study was to assess the situation of the Baruya tribe among other Anga peoples: Youwarounatche, Andje, Usarumpia, Langimar. A non Anga tribe, the Aziana, was also sampled. ABO, RH, MNS, P, KEL, FY and JK systems were tested in each group. ABO*O gene was predominant, ABO*Aint was relatively high, ABO*B was rare in all tribes and absent in the Usarumpia tested. The Ns haplotype was the most frequent in MNS system. All tested subjects were RH*D, KEL (-) and FY (a+b-), with very few exceptions. The presence of one CcdEe and 5 FY (a+b+) subjects may be due to foreign admixture. A noteworthy genetic microdifferentiation was observed between tribes. Geographical isolation and genetic drift has played an important role in the differentiation of the various groups. PMID- 3154138 TI - Poverty and Homicide in Detroit, 1926-1978. AB - The effect of poverty on crime is a controversial issue, mostly because past research has produced only weak evidence of a relationship between economic hardship and crime rates. A review of the literature suggests, however, that time series data have not been fully exploited in studies of the poverty-crime relationship. This paper helps fill that gap by presenting a regression equation that links poverty and the homicide rate in Detroit from 1926 to 1978. The equation uses a measure based on the infant mortality rate in order to avoid problems associated with monetary indicators of poverty, and it allows for lagged effects across time. The results strongly support the idea that increases in the level of poverty lead to increases in homicide rates. PMID- 3154137 TI - Red cell enzyme polymorphisms in Papua New Guinea Eastern Highlands. AB - Ten red cell enzyme polymorphisms, malic dehydrogenase (MDH1), adenylate kinase (AK), phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), adenosine deaminase (ADA), esterase D (ESD), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), acid phosphatase (ACP1), phosphoglucomutase 1 and 2 (PGM1, PGM2), phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) were investigated in the Baruya tribe and several Anga tribes living high in the Wonenara and Marawaka valleys in Papua New Guinea Eastern Highlands (6.5S, 145.5E). Also a non-Anga tribe, the Aziana or Kenaze, was sampled. Variants were observed in ADA, PGM1 and PGM2. AK and PHI were monomorphic, all subjects being AK 1 and PHI 1; MDH1 was also monomorphic in Anga while variants were observed in Aziana. This latter tribe differed markedly in each system from the Anga peoples. PMID- 3154139 TI - Subjective distress and violence during rape: their effects on long-term fear. AB - A brief review of the literature on reactions to rape is presented, with special emphasis on the relationship between specific aspects of the rape and subsequent fear and anxiety. A model, which incorporates the effects of the victim's subjective experience of the assault, is proposed to explain inconsistent findings in previous research. To test this model, 41 adult women who were between 3 and 120 months postassault were asked to report information about the assault (assault violence) and their subjective experience of it during the assault (distress). Subjects also answered questions about several measures of fear and anxiety. Each of these measures was regressed on the assault violence and subjective distress variables. Three of the analyses yielded significant predictors. These were the avoidance subscale of the Impact of Event Scale, the phobic anxiety subscale of the SCL-90-R, and the Veronen-Kilpatrick Modified Fear Survey vulnerability subscale. In all three, subjective distress was the only predictor retained in the regression model. The relevance of these findings to understanding rape-induced fear and anxiety and improving treatment provided to its victims is discussed. PMID- 3154140 TI - When battered women use violence: husband-abuse or self-defense? AB - A controversy exists regarding the nature of violence committed by women against their intimate partners. When battered women are violent it is not known if the violence should be labeled "mutual combat," "husband abuse," or "self-defense." Following a review of studies comparing the extent of husbands' and wives' victimization and some conceptual issues regarding self-defense, data are presented from 52 battered women on their motives for using violence against their partners. The most frequent reason for violence reported by the women was for self-defense. Only one woman reported initiating an attack with severe violence in more than half of her violent acts. Only eight percent of the women reported that nonsevere violence was used to initiate an attack more than half of the time. The concepts of "self-defense" and "fighting back" were significantly and positively correlated; that is, many women saw them as being the same. The women's self-reports were not contaminated by social desirability response bias. The results are discussed in the context of the need to collect data on relevant explanatory variables in family violence research and the application of a feminist perspective to reduce bias in such research. PMID- 3154141 TI - Victims of serious violence and their criminal behavior: subcultural theory and beyond. AB - This paper looks at the relationship between the experiences of the victim of a serious crime and that of the offender. It shows that, in some cases, the victim experience is an important predictor of criminal behavior. An analysis of self reported and officially recorded offense and victimization data supports the hypothesized relationship between victim and offender experiences. The results have implications for subcultural theory and a dynamic analysis of how patterns of assaultive violence are created and maintained. PMID- 3154142 TI - Clairvoyance vs. common sense: therapist's duty to warn and protect. AB - This article addresses the issue of a therapist's duty to warn and protect victims of domestic violence. In three different cases, California courts have found therapists liable for violent acts perpetrated by clients in their care. Based on the landmark Tarasoff case that mandated the therapist to report threats made by their clients regarding a specific victim, the courts have now extended the therapist's duty to include the reporting of those clients they assess as dangerous but who have not made specific threats, as well as the protection of unintended victims of violence, such as children. Therapists are concerned that the courts are expecting them to be clairvoyant and that psychologists may not be able to predict dangerousness. This article will discuss these concerns in light of the current state of the art regarding the prediction of dangerousness and its relationship to domestic violence. The author suggests specific clinical interventions for victims and perpetrators of domestic violence. PMID- 3154143 TI - An analysis of risk markers in husband to wife violence: the current state of knowledge. AB - The present review involves the evaluation of 97 potential risk markers of husband to wife violence. Using 52 case-comparison studies as the source of data, markers were divided into four categories: consistent risk, inconsistent risk, consistent nonrisk, and risk markers with insufficient data. Based on this classification, it appears that a number of widely held hypotheses about husband to wife violence have little empirical support. Only witnessing violence in the wife's family of origin was consistently associated with being victimized by violence. Furthermore, it seems that characteristics associated with either the husband-offender or the couple have greater utility for assessing the risk of husband to wife violence than characteristics of the wife-victim. Findings are discussed in terms of the methodological and theoretical implications of current research on this form of adult domestic violence. PMID- 3154144 TI - Consensus and difference among hospital professionals in evaluating child maltreatment. AB - The decision-making process in suspected cases of child maltreatment involves reaching interprofessional consensus. Interprofessional consensus in seriousness ratings of maltreatment incidents for the welfare of the child was examined by surveying 39 case vignette ratings by 295 pediatric hospital professionals from five occupations. The survey instrument was derived from research by Giovannoni and Becerrra (1979). An exploratory factor analysis yielded five categories of maltreatment: physical abuse, sexual abuse, general failures in care, minor neglect/discipline, and lifestyles/values. A sixth category, parental sexual preference, was rated not very serious and did not appear to belong in the maltreatment domain. Nurses and social workers rated incidents as most serious, differing significantly from psychiatrists and, often, from physicians and psychologists. Professions agreed on rank ordering of categories by seriousness. Variables such as sex, parenthood status, years of experience, and medical specialty showed some relationship to ratings within some professional groups. PMID- 3154145 TI - Marital power, conflict, and violence in a nationally representative sample of American couples. AB - Data on a nationally representative sample of 2,143 couples are used to study the relationship to marital violence of the power structure of marriage, power norm consensus, and the level of marital conflict. The couples were classified as equalitarian, male-dominant, female-dominant, or divided power. Equalitarian couples had the lowest rates of conflict and violence and male-dominant and female-dominant couples had the highest rates. Although consensus about the legitimacy of a male-dominant and female-dominant power structure reduced conflict and violence in such families, when conflict did occur in such families, it was associated with a much higher risk of violence than a similar level of conflict in equalitarian families. Since equality in marriage is associated with low rates of intrafamily conflict and violence, laws, administrative decisions, and services that empower women and encourage men to value an equal partner are likely to be important steps to reducing violence and strengthen the family. PMID- 3154146 TI - Gender, lifestyles, and victimization: beyond routine activity. AB - Using data from a national survey of high school seniors and a study of high school students in Tucson, Arizona, this paper tests hypotheses about gender, routine activities, and delinquent activities as correlates of teenage victimization. The results are consistent with the hypotheses and suggest the following generalizations: (1) activities which involve the mutual pursuit of fun are more victimogenic than activities which passively put people at risk; (2) delinquent activity is positively related to victimization; (3) delinquent activity is more strongly related to victimization than nondelinquent activities; and (4) gender differences in victimization are reduced considerably by controls for delinquent activity. While offense activity cannot be demonstrated to precede victimization using cross-sectional data, the results do demonstrate the potential importance of delinquent activity in explanations of victimization among youths. PMID- 3154147 TI - The outcome of court-mandated treatment for wife assault: a quasi-experimental evaluation. AB - This study represents an attempt to assess the effectiveness of court-mandated treatment for wife assault. A quasi-experimental design examined post-conviction recidivism rates for men convicted of wife assault. Fifty men who completed a 16 week treatment program had a 4% recidivism rate for a posttreatment period of up to 3 years. A comparable group who were not treated had a 40% recidivism rate in the same period. Hence, the "success" rate of treatment was 36% according to police records (Rosenthal, 1983). Straus Conflict Tactics Scale scores reported both by the treated men and their wives demonstrated significant posttreatment decreases from pretreatment levels. Treated husbands' average annual use of severe violence dropped from 10.6 to 1.7 times per year (p less than 0.01). Eighty-four percent of wives reported no posttreatment violence. Rates of verbal aggression also dropped significantly from pretreatment levels. Comparison with CTS scores of a group of men who were arrested but not treated for wife assault (Jaffe, Wolfe, Telford, & Austin 1986) revealed significant decreases in the use of Physical Aggression subscale tactics (as reported by their wives) as a result of treatment. Interpretative difficulties with the quasi-experimental design used in this study are discussed and a randomized design with appropriate psychological assessment of subjects is recommended. PMID- 3154148 TI - Television and violent criminal behavior: beyond the Bobo doll. AB - This study builds on the research concerning television viewing and aggression by extending the external validity, or generalizability, of the dependent variable. We assess the relationship between self-reported television viewing at 8, 10, and 12 years of age and the subsequent commission of a violent criminal act. This study is based on interview data from 48 males incarcerated for violent crimes and 45 nonincarcerated, nonviolent males matched on age, race, and neighborhood of residence during adolescence. Results show that the extent of a respondent's reported television viewing was not, in and of itself, predictive of violent criminal acts. Instead, it was the interaction of heavy doses of television viewing and exposure to either maternal or paternal abuse that related to violent crime. These findings support the efforts of some recent scholars in their attempts to understand why television has a negative effect on only some viewers. The results are discussed in light of the cognitive formulations of neoassociationism, encoding specificity, and the double-dose effect. PMID- 3154149 TI - The validity of robbery-murder classifications in Baltimore. AB - The most widely used source of nationwide data on homicide in the United States is the Supplementary Homicide Report (SHR) data compiled by the FBI as part of its Uniform Crime Reporting System. This paper describes a study of the reliability of robbery-murder classifications by the SHR for Baltimore, Maryland during 1983. The research is exploratory, but indicates a high level of inconsistency in the data. Of the 42 cases that were classified as robbery murders by the SHR or the replication study, only 20 were classified that way in both studies. The high level of unreliability can be attributed to three major problems: (1) the SHR codes are mutually exclusive, but many homicides could be placed in several of the categories; (2) there are few systematic rules for classifying ambiguously motivated homicides; and (3) the SHR placed too many cases in the "unknown" category. It appears that the reliability of the coding could be increased substantially with relatively minor changes in the procedures currently used. PMID- 3154151 TI - Resistance and nonfatal outcomes in stranger-to-stranger predatory crime. AB - This article examines the consequences of encounters between strangers that might have resulted in robbery or rape and explores how the eventual outcomes of those incidents were related to the resistance offered by their potential victims. It is based on data from the National Crime Survey. Although the conclusions necessarily are tentative, it appears that forceful resistance was related to less frequent success by robbers, but robbery victims resisting forcefully had a greater risk of being physically attacked. Forceful resistance in potential rape incidents was related to higher risk of attack and bodily injury with no apparent reduction in risk of rape. On the other hand, victims who were able to offer nonforceful resistance reported a reduced risk of being robbed and suffered less frequent attack and injury. In rape incidents, nonforceful resistance was linked to lower risk of actual rape but was unrelated to risk of attack or other forms of injury. PMID- 3154150 TI - The therapist's duty to protect victims of domestic violence: where we have been and where we are going. AB - After ten years of court decisions that have gradually broadened the scope of the psychotherapist's duty to protect potential victims from violence, California has recently passed legislation that limits liability only to those cases where a patient has made a specific threat to an identifiable victim. Although this legislation has articulated the appropriate clinical response in such situations, it may have created a false sense of security for therapists treating patients who are perpetrators or victims of family violence. Though some perpetrators of violence do make a specific verbal threat, therapists are likely to encounter many more who do not verbalize a threat, but nevertheless pose a serious danger to their family members. This article briefly discusses the recent history of the duty-to-protect issue and the violence prediction literature as they relate to domestic violence. Specific interventions are suggested for clinicians in cases where the violence potential is great but no specific threat is made by the client. PMID- 3154152 TI - Factors related to coercive sexual behavior in a nonclinical sample of males. AB - The sexual coercion literature has suggested numerous factors related to aggressive sexual behavior. The present investigation explores a number of these factors in a community sample. Data collected from 189 volunteers from the community included measures of sexual arousal, social perception, personality variables, attitudes toward women, and self-reported likelihood to rape. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine the relative association of these factors to coercive sexual behavior. The present findings suggested that social perception, Extraversion and Neuroticism from the Eysenck Personality Inventory, sexual arousal, and self-reported likelihood to rape all contributed to the multiple regression. Rape Myth Acceptance, although not contributing significantly to the multiple regression, did show a significant zero-order correlation with coercive sexual behavior. Additional analyses were performed in an attempt to replicate an earlier predictive study by Malamuth and Check (1983) that found self-reported sexual arousal to be predicted by a combination of self reported likelihood to rape, Psychoticism and Neuroticism from the Eysenck Personality Inventory, power motivation, and sexual experience. In the present study, both self-reported sexual arousal and penile tumescence measures were significantly related to attitudinal measures, social perception measures, and self-reported likelihood to rape. Limitations of the present study and suggestions for future research are discussed. PMID- 3154154 TI - Origin and solution attributions of responsibility for wife abuse: effects of outcome severity, prior history, and sex of subject. AB - The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of sex differences and seriousness of the abuse situation on observers' attributions of responsibility for origin and solution to both partners in a couple. Male and female undergraduate students (N = 354) read a vignette about a wife abuse incident. The results supported the victim activation hypothesis, with wives being held more responsible for the solution than for the origin of the problem. In contrast, husbands were held more responsible for the origin than for the solution to the problem. Overall, there were sex differences for attributions of responsibility to the husband but not for those to the wife. Women were more likely than men to attribute origin and solution responsibility to the husband. There was no clear support for the effects of the seriousness of the abuse situation. Husbands were attributed more control over the problem's solution than were wives. PMID- 3154153 TI - Assertiveness deficits and hostility in domestically violent men. AB - Two types of assertiveness, the ability to refuse a demand or request and the ability to initiate a request or affirmatively express a need, were examined in a clinical sample of domestically violent men (N = 78) in contrast to a nonviolent comparison group (N = 29). No significant difference was found between the groups on refusal behavior. However, a significant difference was found on initiating/request behavior, the violent men evidencing lower scores than their nonviolent counterparts. Significant differences in anger and hostility were also apparent between groups. There was a significant and positive correlation between refusal behavior and overt anger/hostility. A significant and negative correlation was observed between initiating/request behavior and covert anger/hostility. The results support the presence of social skill deficits, which appear to be significantly related to anger and hostility in domestically violent men. The findings also suggest that domestically violent men have a more specific profile of assertiveness deficits than has been previously discussed in the literature. PMID- 3154155 TI - Wife assault and perceptions of sanctions. AB - Using survey data based on telephone interviews of 1,626 coupled males, this study explores the relationship between perceptions of four possible sanctions for wife assault and involvement in this form of physical aggression. The exploratory analysis addresses the following questions: To what extent do men perceive negative reactions to wife assault as certain and severe? Do nonassaultive men perceive the reactions of others as more certain and severe than men who engage in physically aggressive behavior? Among men who assault their partners, are the perceived certainty and severity of sanctions greater for one-time offenders than for repeat offenders? The relevance of the findings on the deterrent and experimental effects of sanctions are discussed, and suggestions are offered for future studies that apply deterence theory to the phenomenon of assaults taking place between adult partners. PMID- 3154157 TI - Crime at home and in the streets: the relationship between family and stranger violence. AB - Research and theory on violent behavior have treated aggression between intimates and aggression between strangers as separate phenomena. Major criminological works on violence and aggression have generally overlooked violence in the home. As a result, independent and distinct bodies of theoretical and practical knowledge exist regarding family violence and aggression toward strangers, and the relationship between family violence and violence directed against strangers is little understood. Estimates of the intersection of these behaviors vary extensively. Severity of domestic violence is associated with violence outside the home. Exposure to violence as a child consistently emerges as a strong explanatory factor for both domestic violence and the behavior of "generally" violent men. Behavior patterns appear to shift over time, from domestic violence only to violence toward both strangers and family members. However, an integrated theory of violent behavior by males provides explanations of both stranger and family violence. Early childhood socialization toward violence, modified by social and cultural supports during adolescence and adulthood, suggests a social learning paradigm. Hypotheses are developed that integrate and unify theories of stranger and family violence. PMID- 3154156 TI - The inventory of beliefs about wife beating: the construction and initial validation of a measure of beliefs and attitudes. AB - Although attitudes and beliefs about wife beating have been regarded as important for understanding the factors that cause and perpetuate women abuse, researchers have not had adequate instruments to measure these attitudes and beliefs. This article reports on the construction of a scale of attitudes about wife beating and an assessment of the scale's dimensionality and validity. Data were collected from 675 students, 94 residents of a midwestern city, 71 men who batter, and 70 advocates for battered women. Five reliable subscales were derived, and seven tests of validity were supported. Sympathetic attitudes toward battered women were related, as predicted, with liberal views of women's roles and sympathetic attitudes toward rape victims. Abusers and advocates were the most dissimilar in their attitudes. Male and female students also differed significantly. Many of the results are analogous to those in studies of attitudes toward rape. Several possible uses of the measure are described. PMID- 3154159 TI - Women's attributions of responsibility for date rape: the influence of empathy and sex-role stereotyping. AB - The purpose of the study presented here was to investigate the relationship among sex-role stereotyping, empathy with the victim, and subsequent blaming of the victim in response to a date-rape scenario. It was hypothesized that sex-typed (traditional) females would be less likely to perceive forced sex on a date as rape and would attribute more responsibility to the victim than would more egalitarian (nontraditional) females. It was also predicted that the enhancement of victim empathy would result in less victim blame. The subjects were 76 female undergraduates who were chosen on the basis of their extreme scores on a sex-role stereotyping scale. Vignettes describing a date rape were used to manipulate victim empathy. Findings indicated that although attributions of responsibility were influenced by the subject's sex-role stereotyping, the manipulation of empathy had no apparent influence on victim blame. Furthermore, the lack of correlation between the degree of victim empathy and the subject's own history of victimization suggests that victim empathy is not a component in victim blame. PMID- 3154158 TI - The effects of intrafamilial child sexual abuse on the adjustment and attitudes of adolescents. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare female adolescent victims of sexual abuse and their nonabused adolescent sisters with matched nonvictim control subject sister sets on measures of personality adjustment and attitudes. The study involved 60 girls between the ages of 11 and 21: 15 victims of child sexual abuse, 15 nonabused adolescent sisters, and 15 nonvictim control sisters sets who were matched to the victim sister sets on age, socioeconomic status, birth order of daugthers, number of children in family, and race. This is the first study that has attempted to assess the adjustment of siblings in sexually abusive families. Results of a multivariate analysis of variance revealed no differences among the four groups. Results of 12 paired t-tests revealed only one significant difference between the victim sister and control sister groups. These unexpected findings are discussed, and suggestions for future studies are made. PMID- 3154160 TI - The effects of threatening versus nonthreatening previous life events on levels of fear in rape victims. AB - Although the link between the level of the psychological distress of victims after a rape and life events that occurred before the attack has historically been attributed to a general event-related disruption of the victim's psychological equilibrium, recent research suggests that only specific types of preattack events--those the victim perceives as making her vulnerable to future harm--may be associated with the postassault level of fear experienced by the rape victim. To test this thesis empirically, the authors compared the levels of fear of three groups of recent victims, one and six months after the rape: those who had experienced at least one life-threatening event in the year before the attack, those who had experienced only nonthreatening (but major-impact) events, and those who had experienced no major-impact events. Victims who had experienced at least one life-threatening event in the previous year were found to have significantly higher one-month and six-month (controlling for one-month) levels of fear than did victims in either of the other two groups; the means of these latter two groups were not found to differ significantly. These results empirically validate the importance of components of the threat of future harm associated with prior life events to short-term and long-term levels of fear of rape victims and offer one basis on which to identify victims who are at particularly high risk of experiencing long-term psychological distress. PMID- 3154161 TI - The impact of crime victimization and fear of crime on attitudes toward death penalty defendants. AB - A 1983 telephone survey of 610 respondents in two Maryland counties found that the general disposition of the respondents toward the criminal justice system was a better predictor of abstract attitudes toward the death penalty than either the respondents' fear of becoming crime victims or whether they had been victims of crime. Yet respondents' fear of crime victimization was a better predictor of their willingness to impose the death penalty or to accept mitigating circumstances during the penalty phase of a capital case than their abstract attitudes toward the criminal justice system. Respondents who were "somewhat" afraid of crime victimization were less likely to support the death penalty than were respondents who were "very" afraid or "not" afraid of victimization. These finding indicate that previous research on the death penalty may have been flawed because the wording of the questions asked was too abstract and unidimensional. PMID- 3154162 TI - Motivational needs for power and spouse-specific assertiveness in assaultive and nonassaultive men. AB - Men who had assaulted their wives were compared to maritally conflicted (but nonassaultive) and satisfactorily married controls through the use of Thematic Apperception Test stories scored for the need for power. When the stimulus pictures showed ambiguous male-female relationships, the assaultive men generated higher need-for-power scores than the average of both control groups combined but did not differ from the maritally conflicted group on need for power. The assaultive men had lower spouse-specific assertiveness scores than either control group, however. A discriminant analysis based on need-for-power and assertiveness scores correctly classified the wife assaulters and maritally conflicted males 90% of the time. The resulting profile of assaultive men was of a group high in the need to exert power in relationships with women but lacking in the verbal resources to do so. It was hypothesized that this combination of a high need for power and a deficit in verbal ability to generate influence produces chronic frustration, which may increase the risk of violence when combined with other factors. PMID- 3154163 TI - The role of childhood sexual abuse in the development of alcoholism in women. AB - The effects of childhood sexual abuse on the development of alcoholism in women were examined by comparing a sample of 45 alcoholic women selected from local treatment agencies and Alcoholics Anonymous groups with a group of 40 nonalcoholic women selected randomly from a household population. Face-to-face interview schedules were administered to both samples. Sexual abuse was defined as any unwanted sexual contact with a person at least five years older than the respondent, or with any family relative, regardless of age difference. Types of sexual contact included both nonphysical contact (e.g., invitations, exposure) and physical contact (e.g., fondling, intercourse). Results showed that alcoholic women were more likely to have experienced sexual abuse, had a greater number of different types of sexual abuse experiences, and endured sexual abuse over a longer period than the comparison group. The presence of any childhood sexual abuse experience was sufficient to discriminate between the alcoholic women and the comparison group, even controlling for demographic variables and the presence of a parent with alcohol-related problems. Although alcoholic women were more likely to report that a parent had alcohol-related problems, relatively few of the sexual abuse incidents were perpetrated by a parent. The data suggest that vulnerabilities to sexual abuse were attributable to environmental or psychological factors in homes in which a parent was reported as having alcohol related problems. PMID- 3154164 TI - The incidence and prevalence of woman abuse in Toronto. AB - A telephone survey on the physical abuse of women by a male intimate was conducted with a representative sample of 604 Toronto women. Results showed an annual incidence rate of 14.4% and a prevalence rate of 25.0%, based on the Conflict Tactics Scales as the measure of abuse. Several additional measures increased the prevalence rate to 36.4%. These estimates, which are much higher than those obtained in a similar survey conducted two years earlier in Toronto, appear to be the result mainly of improved methodological procedures in the present study. PMID- 3154165 TI - An empirical investigation of the role of pornography in the verbal and physical abuse of women. AB - In studies of male aggressiveness and pornography, social psychologists have found evidence to support the theory that consumption of pornography by males increases their aggressiveness and antisocial attitudes toward women. The research reported here studied the presence of pornography and both sexual and nonsexual violence in the lives of two groups of women: a group of battered women drawn from shelters and counseling groups, and a comparison group of women from a mature university population. It was found that the partners of the battered women read or viewed significantly greater amounts of pornographic materials than did the partners of the comparison group. In addition, 39% of the battered women (in contrast to 3% of the comparison group) responded in the affirmative to the question, "Has your partner ever upset you by trying to get you to do what he'd seen in pornographic pictures, movies, or books?" It was also found that battered women experienced significantly more sexual aggression at the hands of their partners than did the women in the comparison group. PMID- 3154166 TI - Childhood experiences of parental physical violence for alcoholic women as compared with a randomly selected household sample of women. AB - The effects of childhood experiences of parental violence on the development of alcoholism in women were examined by comparing a sample of 45 alcoholic women selected from local treatment agencies and Alcoholics Anonymous groups with 40 nonalcoholic women selected randomly from the population. Two-hour person-to person interview schedules were administered to both samples. The Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) assessed both father-to-daughter and mother-to-daughter relationships. Type of sample was regressed on each CTS subscale, controlling for presence of parental alcoholism, number of childhood changes in family structure, present age of respondent, and present income source. Alcoholic women were found to have higher father-to-daughter negative verbal interaction, moderate violence, and serious violence than household women. Father-to-daughter positive verbal interaction was found unrelated to membership in the alcoholism sample. None of the mother-to-daughter subscales were found to predict membership in the alcoholism sample. PMID- 3154168 TI - Empathy with a rape victim: the role of similarity of experience. AB - The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend a prior investigation (Barnett, Tetreault, Esper, & Bristow, 1986) in order to clarify the role of similarity of experience in women's empathy with a rape victim. Women who were identified as having been raped rated themselves as more empathic with, and more similar to, a rape victim patient presented on videotape than did nonrape control subjects who had been matched on level of dispositional empathy. However, no difference was found between the two subject groups in their responses to a videotaped patient whose personal problems were unrelated to the experience of rape. In addition, subjects generally rated the rape victim patient as less emotionally stable than the patient whose personal problems were unrelated to rape. Alternative interpretations of the major finding of this study are discussed. PMID- 3154167 TI - Childhood sexual victimization among college men: definitional and methodological issues. AB - Little information exists on the childhood sexual victimization of males as it occurs in nonclinical samples. Employing a broad funnel-type of questionnaire methodology, the current study examined childhood sexual victimization in two samples of college men consisting of 253 and 329 students from a large Midwestern and Southeastern university, respectively. There was general consistency between the two samples in the prevalence and descriptive features of the abuse. However, different definitions of abuse generated markedly different outcomes in the data. Depending on the definition utilized, prevalence rates varied from 4% to 24% of the samples being defined as "abused." Moreover, the quality of experiences varied by definition. Using less restrictive definitions, the experiences reported by men were distinctively different from those reported in studies of college women or clinical samples of boys. This study identifies methodological and definitional issues as being critical to the study of childhood sexual victimization, particularly among males. PMID- 3154169 TI - Women who sexually abuse children. AB - This article describes a clinical sample of 40 women who sexually abused 63 children. Sixty percent of the female perpetrators victimized two or more children. Almost three-fourths of these women sexually maltreated children in polyincestuous family situations. More than four-fifths were mothers to at least one of their victims. The most common form of sexual activity was group sex; the next most common was fondling. The mean age of these women was a little over 26; they were poor and poorly educated. Their victims were also young, having a mean age of 6.4 years at the time the case was identified. About two-thirds of the victims were female and one-third were male. Female perpetrators evidenced marked difficulties in psychological and social functioning. About half had mental problems, both retardation and psychotic illness. More than half had chemical dependency problems, and close to three-fourths had maltreated their victims in other ways in addition to the sexual abuse. PMID- 3154170 TI - Personality characteristics of spouse abusers: a controlled comparison. AB - The present study compared male spouse abusers, with and without alcohol problems, with age-matched, nonabusive males on measures of personality style, personality disorder, dysphoria, and a number of demographic measures. There were no differences among the groups in racial composition, religious preference, or religious devoutness. Male abusers were less likely to be employed, to be in intact relationships, and were less well educated. They were more likely to have witnessed abuse or experienced abuse as children, although that observation is more characteristic of abusers with alcohol problems. Measures of personality and psychopathology generally supported the hypothesis that abusive males would show greater elevations on test scales reflecting personality disorder and dysphoria and less conformity than nonbatterers. Alcohol abuse was related to greater batterer-nonbatterer differences. Implications of these findings and methodological concerns for future research are discussed. PMID- 3154171 TI - Exposure to violence in the families-of-origin among wife-abusers and maritally nonviolent men. AB - This study examined violence in the families-of-origin among wife assaulters and maritally nonviolent men. Participants were 26 wife abusers and 18 nonviolent men in therapy. Early exposure to marital violence and child abuse was assessed through interviews that were coded both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results indicated that batterers were more likely than comparison subjects to have been abused as children, to have witnessed their father beating their mother, and to have been disciplined as children with corporal punishment. Fathers were no more likely than mothers to have abused the men. There were no differences between groups in reports of parental child abuse toward siblings of the men. Differences between groups in exposure to violence were studied to explain why men who grew up in violent homes were not abusive toward their spouses. Socioeconomic status and family dynamics were examined to explain the results. PMID- 3154172 TI - Profiling of wife assaulters: preliminary evidence for a trimodal analysis. AB - A review of the experimental literature on wife assault causation indicates that differing "profiles" of wife assaulters have been developed by different research strategies. Profiles based on interviews with victims suggest a tyrannical, personality-disordered type of wife assaulter. Clinical assessments reveal several profiles, only one of which is consistent with this view. Other types of wife assaulters are dependent and unassertive. By comparing the emerging data on wife assaulters with the initial clinical descriptions, an assessment is made of the contribution of empirical studies to date. While the potential for a major contribution to our understanding of wife assaulters exists through use of systematic empirical methods, it is concluded that this potential has not yet been fulfilled. Some suggestions are made for future research strategies to improve empirical capabilities in furthering this understanding, including a more thorough assessment of early trauma as a major causative factor affecting a large subcategory of wife assaulters and greater attention to the self-selection of wife assault samples. PMID- 3154173 TI - The male batterer: clinical and research issues. AB - Since 1977, treatment and education programs for men who are assaultive toward spouses have proliferated across the country. Due to the great risk these men have posed to family members, many of the early intervention strategies were based on clinical intuition, clinical style, and personal understanding of the causes of family violence rather than on research data. These approaches to treatment have fallen into three camps: (1) a cognitive understanding of sexism, power, and control in intimate relationships; (2) behavioral anger management; and (3) family systems. Although service providers argue that their particular approach is the most effective, there is no data that indicate that any one form of treatment is more successful than others. As more empirical data are made available to service providers, treatment interventions can be appropriately modified. A greater dialogue between service providers, social policy makers, and academics is necessary to bridge the gaps in understanding the psychology of men who are assaultive toward intimates. Specific recommendations are made that may lead us to a better understanding of the etiology of spouse abuse as well as to the formulation of more effective intervention and prevention strategies. PMID- 3154174 TI - Women who kill their children. PMID- 3154176 TI - Patterns of family and nonfamily violence: violent husbands and violent men. AB - This article explores the relationship between criminological and family violence approaches to the study of male violence, both domestic and nondomestic. Reasons why these two approaches have remained relatively independent are discussed, and ways of linking the two perspectives are suggested. Interview data from 85 violent husbands are analyzed and interpreted in light of their implications for family violence and criminological approaches. The data confirm the existence of three patterns of male violence--"family only," "nonfamily only," and "generally" violent. The patterns are found to be associated with relatively clear and distinct lifestyles, social networks, and values, which seem to reinforce the violence pattern. The authors conclude that both the family violence and criminological perspectives can provide insight into the problem of understanding violent husbands. PMID- 3154175 TI - Child maltreatment over two decades: change or continuity? AB - The increasing reports of child maltreatment during the last two decades have precipitated discussions about the degree to which these figures represent an increase in reporting or a true growth of child abuse and neglect. Using reports to child protection agencies over a 20-year period in an Indiana county, analyses suggest that there is a stability in characteristics of alleged perpetrators and victims and in the patterns of mistreatment. Shifts in the substantiation rates offer little insight for this issue, but it may be argued that the growth in reports reflects a genuine increase of abusive and neglectful behavior. Implications for abuse and neglect rates are explored. PMID- 3154177 TI - Prior relationship, resistance, and injury in rapes: an analysis of crisis center records. AB - Information about the rapes of 2,526 adult females was coded from the records of a rape crisis center to test the hypothesis that physically resisting a stranger would be more strongly related to injury than would physically resisting someone known to the victim. Among other differences, attacks by strangers were more likely to involve a weapon and to occur outdoors than were attacks by nonstrangers, and victims were less likely to physically resist strangers than nonstrangers. Across the entire sample, multivariate analyses revealed that physical resistance was significantly related to injury, even when other factors were held constant. Consistent with the hypothesis, physical resistance was more strongly related to injury when the rapist was a stranger than when the rapist was known to the victim. PMID- 3154178 TI - Contributions of family violence research to criminal justice policy on wife assault: paradigms of science and social control. AB - Criminal justice policy on family violence has evolved over the past two decades, informed by political activism as well as theory and research from divergent and often competing perspectives. Experimental research on mandatory arrest of men who assault female partners, policy research on special prosecution programs, and the development of treatment programs for men who batter, typify the strategies for applying criminal sanctions to family violence. However, other critical research on family violence has not been integrated into criminal justice policy, limiting policy development and intervention strategies to practices which reflect contemporary models of sanctions and social control. The limited contributions of family violence research to criminal justice policy reflect competing paradigms of social science, the challenge of family violence cases to the normative processes and the social organization of the criminal courts, and divergent perspectives on social control of offenders in family and stranger violence cases. Strategies for an integrated policy development process are suggested. PMID- 3154179 TI - Who are those guys? Toward a behavioral typology of batterers. AB - This paper reviews a cluster analysis of batterer abuse and antisocial variables drawn from intake interviews with battered women in Texas shelters. A substantial portion of severely abusive and extremely antisocial batterers are identified in the cluster solution. A typology, based on cross-tabulations of the clusters and descriptive variables, includes three types of batterers: sociopathic, antisocial, and typical batterers. These findings suggest that research on batterer characteristics needs to direct attention to the differentiation of batterers, and that intervention with especially the sociopathic and antisocial batterers needs to go beyond court-mandated counseling and anger control treatment. PMID- 3154180 TI - Temperament, adjustment, and alcoholism in adult female incest victims. AB - Female adult incest victims differing in history of alcoholism were compared to an alcoholism-only and a no incest/no alcoholism group on dimensions of temperament, psychological adjustment, and self-esteem. Incest victims with histories of alcoholism were more alienated and withdrawn, less rhythmical in their daily behavior, and evidenced lower self-esteem, more negative mood, greater social nonconformity, and more emotional discomfort than women in the other three groups. Women in the no incest/no alcohol group showed the best self esteem and psychological adjustment and were generally more positive in the expression of various temperamental characteristics. The findings also suggested an association between incestuous victimization and an alcoholic family of origin. PMID- 3154181 TI - Conceptions of rape. AB - Where previous studies have examined attitudes and perceptions of the rape act, we have attempted to delve into the meanings which people impute at a less conscious level. Using Semantic Differential methodology, a stratified sample of participants rated the concepts of "assault," "rape," "seduction" and "love making"; these were chosen along an underlying dimension of violence/coercion. Analysis incorporating the blocking variables (gender X SES) and other demographic personal information demonstrated that: "assault/rape" and "seduction/love-making" were seen as similar; "rape/seduction" as somewhat similar; and "assault/love-making" and "rape/love-making" as dissimilar. In general, important demographic/personal variables yielded no interpretable results. However, "prior rape experience" influenced participants' conceptions of the act of rape significantly. This result is discussed in light of some mixed results of previous studies in this area. We also present suggestions for interventions, based on the findings of this study. PMID- 3154182 TI - Stakes and risks in the prediction of violent criminal behavior. AB - Retributive and utilitarian goals for criminal justice decisions are in conflict. In part, this is because the retributive aim rejects prediction, while all utilitarian aims require it. In the context of this debate, we review research concerning the prediction of violence, and conclude that because such predictions are of low accuracy, they are only modestly useful for public policy formulation or for individual decision-making. Because we believe prediction, and utilitarian goals, to be important, this paper focuses on two issues that have potential for increasing the accuracy with which predictions may be made. One is the measurement of the seriousness of crime and ways to improve it. Second, we introduce the concept of societal stakes and suggest that this must be assessed as well. Finally, we propose a model that may be useful for lessening the conflict between retributive and utilitarian perspectives. PMID- 3154183 TI - Predictions of dangerousness: an argument for limited use. AB - Intense debate has focused on the use of statistical predictions of dangerousness in the criminal justice system. Two conflicting positions maintain wide support: that such predictions are never appropriate in criminal justice decision-making, and that they should be used far more often. Recognizing the fact that implicit and intuitive predictions are made every day in police, prosecutorial, sentencing, and other decisions, and explicit but unscientific predictions are common, this article suggests a theoretical framework justifying limited use of statistical predictions. Statistical predictions may present, in some instances, a morally preferable alternative to biased nonscientific and implicit judgements. Development of a sound jurisprudence of predictions faces major hurdles given the trend toward unscientific predictions in the law and the enormous judicial confusion in dealing with predictions. The concept has contributed to a string of notably poor Supreme Court decisions. PMID- 3154184 TI - New directions in violence prediction: the public health arena. AB - Injury resulting from interpersonal violence is now recognized as an important public health problem. Consequently, the public health community is applying its perspectives and strategies to the goal of preventing violence. The public health approach emphasizes preventing injuries due to interpersonal violence from occurring or recurring, rather than treating the health consequences of these injuries. Four interrelated steps are used to develop information to guide the development of prevention strategies: public health surveillance, risk group identification, risk factor exploration, and program implementation/evaluation. The ability to predict which people are at greatest risk of injury (or producing injury) and the relative effectiveness and costs of alternative prevention strategies are central to decisions influencing the nature and focus of public health prevention strategies. In order to improve the information base on which decisions concerning violence prevention strategies are founded, the following activities should be given priority: (a) developing surveillance systems for morbidity associated with interpersonal violence; (b) precisely identifying risk groups for nonfatal violent events; (c) applying case-control methods to the exploration of potentially modifiable risk factors for injuries and violent behaviors; and (d) rigorously evaluating extant programs that are intended to prevent interpersonal violence or modify a suspected risk factor for violence. PMID- 3154185 TI - Violence prediction methods: statistical and clinical strategies. AB - The paper suggests that the conventional wisdoms that we cannot and should not predict violence are wrong. We can predict violence, and we should predict violence. It is the unfortunate case, however, that we cannot do it very well, and this is true whether the predictions are made subjectively or statistically. Since the prediction of violence (and of other antisocial behaviors) is so pervasive in our justice and mental health systems, it is important that we attempt to do it better--that is, more efficiently and more effectively. In this paper we show that there is value to both clinical and statistical strategies toward the prediction problem, and suggest ways by which both may be improved. Attention to issues of fundamental measurement, to the base rate, to selection ratios, and to the methods of combining predictive information will be needed if the suggested improvements are to be realized. Finally, we propose that the statistician and the clinician need to pay attention to and learn from one another. PMID- 3154187 TI - The clinical utility of microalbuminuria in nephrotic syndrome with complete remission, isolated microscopic hematuria and renal transplantation donors. PMID- 3154186 TI - A virus similar to human hepatitis B virus in Manchurian chipmunks. PMID- 3154188 TI - C-reactive protein, sialic acid and adenosine deaminase levels in serum and pleural fluid from patients with pleural effusion. PMID- 3154190 TI - A case of osteomalacia: the pivotal role of the non-decalcified bone biopsy. PMID- 3154189 TI - Empty sella syndrome associated with central nervous system cysticercosis. PMID- 3154192 TI - Infective endocarditis in a patient with Williams' syndrome--case report. PMID- 3154191 TI - A case with some components of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome in a family with Peutz Jeghers syndrome. PMID- 3154193 TI - Cardiac amyloidosis diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy. PMID- 3154194 TI - Treatment of a case of fulminant hepatic failure with continuous infusion of prostaglandin (PGE1). PMID- 3154196 TI - [The exercise of gynecology and obstetrics in a society under change]. PMID- 3154195 TI - Roles of Na and Cl ions in basal and angiotensin II-stimulated aldosterone secretion in vitro by bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells. PMID- 3154197 TI - [Serum progesterone fluctuations: their clinical significance in assessing luteal function]. PMID- 3154198 TI - [The empty sella turcica syndrome (arachnoidocele) and its endocrine effects. Reconsiderations]. PMID- 3154199 TI - [Maternal mortality during 25 years at the November 20 Regional Hospital of the Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado]. PMID- 3154200 TI - [Breast carcinoma. Its incidence by age]. PMID- 3154201 TI - [The tuboperitoneal factor in sterility. The epidemiological aspects]. PMID- 3154202 TI - [Washing, selection and sperm precapacitation. Intrauterine insemination I]. PMID- 3154203 TI - [Administration of the medical area]. PMID- 3154205 TI - [Salpingostomy and the resection of tubal adhesions by microsurgery]. PMID- 3154204 TI - [Cesarean hysterectomy at the November 20 Hospital Center]. PMID- 3154206 TI - [The perinatal results of multiple pregnancy with a standard treatment protocol]. PMID- 3154207 TI - [The effect of chlorpromazine on the neonatal Apgar in patients with pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 3154208 TI - [What is infertility and what is the role of cervical isthmus incompetence in this pathology?]. PMID- 3154210 TI - [Predictive factors for chorioamnionitis in patients with membrane ruptures]. PMID- 3154211 TI - [A codified clinical history for female sexuality]. PMID- 3154212 TI - [Ginecologia y Obstetricia de Mexico in 1947. The clinical ideology]. PMID- 3154209 TI - [The quantitative analysis of estradiol and progesterone receptors in breast cancer for treatment selection]. PMID- 3154213 TI - [Cardiotocographic correlation of the variable decelerations due to cord wrapping]. PMID- 3154215 TI - [Uterine rupture. A review of 5 years (1981-1985) at the Hospital de la Mujer]. PMID- 3154214 TI - [The predictive value for hypertension in the change of decubitus test]. PMID- 3154216 TI - [Hydration as a tocolytic]. PMID- 3154217 TI - [Primary choriocarcinoma of the fallopian tube. A case report]. PMID- 3154218 TI - [Trial of labor. A comparative study between Friedman's partogram and the conventional descriptive partogram]. PMID- 3154219 TI - [Cervical pregnancy]. PMID- 3154220 TI - [Self-examination and the timely diagnosis of breast cancer]. PMID- 3154221 TI - [Intestinal lymphangiectasis and pregnancy. A case report]. PMID- 3154222 TI - [Effect of steroid hormones on the membrane potential of human spermatozoa]. PMID- 3154223 TI - [The treatment of threatened preterm labor. A comparative study between 2 beta mimetics]. PMID- 3154224 TI - [The epidemiological characteristics of urinary infection during pregnancy: asymptomatic bacteriuria]. PMID- 3154225 TI - [The culture of amniotic fluid cells. An analysis of the colonies, metaphase and mitotic index for the purpose of ruling out maternal cell contamination]. PMID- 3154226 TI - [The characteristics of the menstrual bleeding pattern in a group of normal women from Durango]. PMID- 3154227 TI - [In search of a vaccine for fertility control]. PMID- 3154228 TI - [The placenta in multiple pregnancy: an anatomicoclinical correlation]. PMID- 3154229 TI - [Butoconazole nitrate in vulvovaginal candidiasis. A comparative study with clotrimazole]. PMID- 3154230 TI - [An analysis of 500 cesarean sections performed by a resident]. PMID- 3154231 TI - [Pelvic abscess secondary to metastatic choriocarcinoma]. PMID- 3154233 TI - [The transcesarean intrauterine device]. PMID- 3154232 TI - [The amniotic fluid as an index of fetal maturity]. PMID- 3154234 TI - [Prostaglandins in gynecology and obstetrics]. PMID- 3154235 TI - [Risk factors in breast cancer. A comparative analysis]. PMID- 3154237 TI - [Fetal death]. PMID- 3154236 TI - [The usefulness of the obstetrical vacuum extractor]. PMID- 3154238 TI - [Myasthenia gravis. A report on 3 cases]. PMID- 3154239 TI - [Members certified by the Mexican Board of Gynecology and Obstetrics (from November 1972 to April 1988: 595 members)]. PMID- 3154240 TI - [Premature rupture of the membranes in preterm pregnancy. An analysis of 100 cases]. PMID- 3154241 TI - [Macroprolactinoma reduction and pregnancy induction with bromocriptine]. PMID- 3154242 TI - [Testicular biopsy in the evaluation of male sterility]. PMID- 3154244 TI - [Changes in the membrane potential of the rabbit spermatozoon during epididymal maturation]. PMID- 3154243 TI - [Premature gonadal failure. Clinical experience]. PMID- 3154245 TI - [Reflections on AIDS in the daily gynecological-obstetrical consultation]. PMID- 3154247 TI - [Amnioscopy in high-risk pregnancy]. PMID- 3154246 TI - [Cervical condylomatosis and its relation to invasive carcinoma]. PMID- 3154248 TI - [The treatment of uterine prolapse in old age]. PMID- 3154249 TI - [Oxytocin. The theoretical bases and implications]. PMID- 3154250 TI - [Cerebral venous thrombosis in the puerperium. A case report]. PMID- 3154251 TI - [Ovulation induction in normoprolactinemic anovulatory patients with bromocriptine and clomiphene citrate]. PMID- 3154252 TI - [Mexican gynecology-obstetrics]. PMID- 3154253 TI - [The hormonal assessment of fetal status: total estriol and chorionic somatomammotropin]. PMID- 3154254 TI - [A clinical and cytogenetic study of 98 couples with a prior spontaneous abortion]. PMID- 3154255 TI - [Umbilical cord stenosis and nonimmunological hydrops fetalis. A case report]. PMID- 3154256 TI - [The management of prolonged pregnancy]. PMID- 3154257 TI - [Primary Burkitt-type undifferentiated lymphoma in the ovary and pregnancy]. PMID- 3154258 TI - [Pelvic actinomycosis in a young woman. A case report]. PMID- 3154259 TI - [The presentation of a new model of obstetrical forceps]. PMID- 3154260 TI - [Symptomatic urinary infection in pregnancy and its perinatal effects]. PMID- 3154261 TI - [A comparative study of different methods of bladder drainage]. PMID- 3154262 TI - [A simple test for detecting premature rupture of the membranes]. PMID- 3154263 TI - [Plasma concentrations of calcium and magnesium in normal pregnant women and in hypertensive pregnant women]. PMID- 3154265 TI - [Heterotopic pregnancy. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 3154264 TI - [Surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence. III. Burch's operation]. PMID- 3154266 TI - [Evaluation of the female patient with urinary incontinence]. PMID- 3154267 TI - [Urinary tract infections during the late postoperative period following urethrocystopexy]. PMID- 3154268 TI - [Cervicovaginal bacterial flora in healthy women. Qualitative study in non pregnant and pregnant women and during puerperium]. PMID- 3154269 TI - [Correlation between ultrasonography and clinical and histopathologic diagnosis in gynecology]. PMID- 3154270 TI - [Evaluation of fetal maturity tests on amniotic fluid: phospholipid profile, Clements test and TAP test]. PMID- 3154272 TI - [Determination of the membrane potential in ejaculated human spermatozoa]. PMID- 3154271 TI - [Pregnancy after sterility. Analysis of 200 cases]. PMID- 3154273 TI - [Obstetric trauma in newborns at the Civil Hospital of Guadalajara]. PMID- 3154274 TI - [Premature rupture of membranes in preterm pregnancies: phosphatidylglycerol in vaginal amniotic fluid]. PMID- 3154275 TI - [Importance of cytology and clinical aspects in cervix cancer]. PMID- 3154276 TI - [Usefulness of the diagnosis of grade III placenta using ultrasonography in the management of prolonged pregnancy]. PMID- 3154278 TI - Perforated cell systems to study membrane transport. PMID- 3154277 TI - RNA editing and the mysterious undercover genes of trypanosomatid mitochondria. PMID- 3154279 TI - Tyrosine radicals. PMID- 3154280 TI - Topography of integral membrane proteins: hydrophobicity analysis vs. immunolocalization. PMID- 3154281 TI - Subtilisin--an enzyme designed to be engineered. PMID- 3154282 TI - Fifty years later: recollections of the early days of protein crystallization. PMID- 3154284 TI - HOMED: a homologous sequence editor. PMID- 3154285 TI - Gliomata of optic chiasm in children. PMID- 3154283 TI - Multiple aligned sequence editor (MASE). PMID- 3154286 TI - The importance of psychophysical and electrophysiological examinations of hearing for localization of acoustic pathway injury in children with extrapyramidal type of cerebral palsy. PMID- 3154287 TI - Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of urinary excretion of acid glycosaminoglycans in patients immobilized for different time-periods. PMID- 3154289 TI - The effect of moderate cigarette smoking on serum ceruloplasmin, copper, zinc and C3c levels. PMID- 3154288 TI - Polycardiographic analysis of a provocative dipyridamole test in coronary heart disease. PMID- 3154290 TI - Serum cobalt-activated acylase in cervical carcinoma during radiotherapy. PMID- 3154291 TI - Investigations of combined effect of ethanol and clonidine on EEG, after discharges and arterial blood pressure in rabbits in subacute experiment. PMID- 3154292 TI - On benign and malignant nephrosclerosis. PMID- 3154293 TI - [Nutritional status of marginated children of the Madrid's autonomous community, Spain]. AB - The nutritional status of 101 institutionalized students aged 6 to 13 was assessed from the dietary and biochemical points of view. The children were pupils of a Youth Care Boarding School. The dietary survey revealed an adequate nutrient intake which met the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) in most cases as well as a high protein intake (250% of RDA). A slight deficiency in energy, zinc, magnesium and vitamins B2 and C was found in some cases in the eldest group. Blood parameters (erythrocyte counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular values, serum proteins, albumin, globulins, albumin/globulin ratio, urea and cholesterol) showed slightly lower values, mainly on hemoglobin, than those obtained from other similar groups. Nevertheless, urine parameters (nitrogen, urea, uric acid and creatinine) were higher, may be due to the high protein intake, energy deficiency and non-dietary factors such as lack of affection, socioeconomic problems, etc. All of these factors cause a rise in the students' catabolism. Correlations between dietary and biochemical data seem to corroborate that there is a shortage of energy, zinc, riboflavin, magnesium and vitamin C intakes in some cases, which limits the build up of several blood elements. PMID- 3154294 TI - [Muscle and fat indicators in boys of the upper socioeconomic strata of Caracas]. AB - A sample of 271 boys, aged four, eight and 12 years, belonging to the upper socioeconomic strata of Caracas, was studied in order to test the sensibility and specificity of arm muscle and fat indicators, as evaluators of the muscle and fat tissues development, as well as of the nutritional status. Weight, height, arm circumference and triceps skinfold were measured following standardized techniques; muscle and fat areas were calculated from arm circumference and skinfold measurements. For statistical analysis, results were compared with North American reference standards, and correlation and regression analyses were performed. Nutritional assessment was performed using weight-for-age, height-for age and weight-for-height, arm circumference and skinfold, plus the two derived areas. Malnourished children were identified using WHO guidelines in height and weight. Prevalences were compared and the sensibility, specificity and predictive values were studied. Malnourished children were analyzed individually. Arm circumference was the best predictor of nutritional status and triceps skinfold the worst predictor; muscle and fat areas were moderate predictors. On the average, four-year olds were smaller, lighter and much leaner than the reference, and eight and 12-year olds were taller, heavier and more muscular than the reference. Low fat was most prevalent in four-year olds, while high muscle increased with age and was highest at age 12, consistent with pubertal development. Obesity was most prevalent in eight-year olds. Twenty-eight per cent of the 50 children identified as malnourished in weight and height according to WHO, were normal in muscle and fat, and 66% of the 100 identified as malnourished in muscle and fat were normal according to WHO guidelines. Furthermore, 24% of children classified as overweight by weight-for-height were not obese but high in muscle. It is concluded that muscle and fat areas reflect muscle and fat components but are poor indicators of malnutrition, expressed in terms of weight and height. On the other hand, weight and height do not measure body composition. Weight-for-height should be used in combination with muscle and fat areas. National reference standards are needed and cut-off points should be revised, in order to maximize the efficiency and predictive values of these indicators. PMID- 3154295 TI - [Biologic value of the protein concentrate of Atripex lampa and its value as a complement to wheat flour]. AB - The Atriplex lampa, chenopodiaceae, is a very abundant bush in the arid and semiarid regions of our Province. This work was undertaken to characterize from the chemical point of view, both the fresh leaves and the protein concentrate (PC) obtained from them. A second purpose was to determine the biological value of the protein, and to evaluate its capacity as a complement to wheat flour (WF). Through this study, the leaf was shown to have a high content of ashes, sodium, potassium and silica, what accounts for its low palatability. The PC obtained has a protein concentration of 59.37 g/100 g and its biological value is limited by the sulfur amino acids, with a chemical score of 85.70. Since the protein is poorly utilized, this results in a relatively low value of its net protein utilization (NPU), a fact which may be attributed to its low true digestibility. The studies on the complementary effects of PC on WF were made at three levels, i.e., 30, 50 and 60%, respectively. The results revealed that the best complementation, measured by the nitrogen utilization, happened to be when 50% of the protein contribution was provided by the A. lampa protein concentrate. PMID- 3154296 TI - Development of an infant food product based on fermented milk, cereals and soybean. AB - The objective of this work was to develop an infant food product based on yogurt, cereals and soybean. The experimental conditions to obtain the yogurt using milk and lyophylized microorganisms, were: incubation period, 5 hours, a temperature of 41 +/- 1 degree C and innoculum concentration, 3%. Two protein mixtures were prepared: 1) corn-yogurt, with a protein supply relation of 65/35%, and 2) wheat soy-yogurt with a protein supply relation of 20/60/20%, respectively. The mixtures were fermented during 24 hours at 37 degrees C and spray-dried thereafter. Artificial flavors, sugar and maltodextrins were added to the final product, in order to develop and instant puree. The protein content of the product was 11%, with a net protein utilization (NPU) of 80% in relation to casein. Banana was the most acceptable flavor. This type of product represents an alternative to preserve milk in developing countries, obtaining a suitable baby food product. PMID- 3154297 TI - [Preparation of a spread from shrimp by-catch fish]. AB - The composition of shrimp by-catch fish from the Central-Western region of Venezuela at different periods of the year was studied, as well as mean size and weight of same, and the yields obtained during processing, until the edible portion (pulp) was reached. The pulp was also analyzed from the physical, chemical and microbiological (pH, basic volatile N, trimethylamine, thiobarbituric acid test, moisture, fat, protein, ashes content and mesophyll and psychrophilic counts) points of view. The purpose of these studies was to determine its quality and freshness, since said pulp was utilized for the preparation of a canned and sterilized bread spread. Results obtained indicated the pulp to have an acceptable freshness, a fact which reflected in a final product with adequate characteristics. The bread spread was also analyzed from the physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory viewpoints (objective analyses of color and texture, pH, rancidity and sterility tests, moisture, fat protein, ashes, carbohydrates, sodium chloride contents, and sensory evaluation). In addition, these analyses were repeated monthly during the three-month storage period at two temperatures. On the basis of the above-mentioned findings, it was possible to determine that the bread spread had adequate acceptability and stability during storage. Furthermore, raw material variations did not affect the final product characteristics, which resulted in a product with commercial potential. PMID- 3154298 TI - [Effect of the incorporation of additives on the aging of corn starch gels and "arepas"]. AB - This research was carried out to investigate the effect of the incorporation of various additives on the ageing of corn starch and arepas. Starches were extracted from the endosperm of degerminated corn by a wet milling process, and its retrogradation, with or without the incorporation of additives was evaluated using the Brabender amilograph and by measuring the viscosity changes of the starch gels through time, using a Brookfield viscometer model RVT. The most effective additives in retarding the rate of ageing of starch gels, were used in the arepas. Likewise, trained panelists were utilized to find the levels of the additives incorporated in the arepas, by running taste threshold tests for each one of the additives. Textural changes of the arepas--maintained at two different storage temperatures, 9 degrees and 23 degrees C--were evaluated using an Instron texturometer. Preliminary tests with the corn starch allowed to choose the following additives: distilled monoglicerides, guar gum and hydrogenated vegetable oil. The effect of 15 different combinations of these additives on the texture of arepas was then studied, and findings revealed that only three of them were able to totally revert the retrogradation process, and maintain the hardness and elasticity within the expected range of a fresh-made arepa, when this is reheated until reaching a maximum temperature of 49 degrees C. A 66% of the hardening of the arepas prepared without additives can be reverted with the reheating process, but only if the product has not suffered dehydration. When stored for 24 hours at room temperature, unpacked arepas have a surface moisture loss of 47%, and even if reheated, hardening becomes irreversible in 84.6% of them. PMID- 3154300 TI - Culinary practices and consumption characteristics of common beans at the rural home level. AB - A survey was carried out on housewives of rural bean-producing areas for the purpose of collecting information on bean selection procedures, culinary practices and bean consumption in rural homes from four departments of northeastern Guatemala. The study sample consisted of 10 families selected at random from each of 19 municipalities. The questionnaire used had been pretested in two rural communities not included in the study sample. As already shown by other INCAP surveys of this nature, it was found that all families consumed common black beans, and on rare occasions beans of different color or species. With respect to cooking practices, it was found that beans are not usually soaked prior to cooking, and that few housewives add salt at the beginning of cooking. Two fractions are usually obtained, the cooked beans and the cooking broth. Another finding was that beans are consumed in four preparations: cooked whole, strained and fried, ground and fried, and cooked and fried. Bean broth is consumed by both adults and children, and a thick broth is preferred since it is considered to be more nutritious and better tasting. Children begin to consume bean broth as early as two months of age, and beans at 14 months. The average amount of broth ingested was 62 g, and whole cooked beans, 70 g. Mothers surveyed indicated that broth was administered to children because: it was nutritious (56% of the mothers); in order to teach children how to eat (15%); or because of its taste (9%). Regarding the hard-to-cook phenomenon, 32% of the housewives indicated that storage time was responsible for it, while 17% attributed this condition to bad seeds, and 18% to sun-drying or inadequate postharvest practices and to their preparation for consumption. Although the survey confirmed the importance that common beans have in rural diets, the main finding was that the first bean food product fed to children is the bean-cooking liquor or broth, which on the average contains 8.52% of total solids and 1.48% protein. PMID- 3154299 TI - [Characterization of the nutritional potential of tepari bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) grown in Mexico]. AB - The chemical, physical, antiphysiological and biological quality of the protein of three varieties (white, brown and black) of tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) were studied. Its proximate composition was determined, as well as water absorption, hardness of the seed, tannin content, trypsin inhibitors and lectins. Beans were also submitted to differential scanning calorimetry of the starch. The biological quality of its proteins was also established, based on the protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein apparent digestibility. It was found that the protein content of the bean was high (25%). The white variety had the highest water absorption and the lowest hardness of the seed when compared with the other varieties (p less than 0.05). The black variety had a lower starch gelatinization energy and a higher cooking time than the white and brown varieties. The tannin content of the three varieties was low, particularly in the white one. The trypsin inhibitor and lectin content were relatively high in the raw beans, but disappeared almost totally during cooking. The biological quality of the tepari proteins was higher than that of the common bean cultivated under the same conditions, More evidently so in the white bean (PER = 1.48 as compared to 1.23 in pinto bean). It can be concluded that the tepary bean is a potentially good protein source and has also a great potential ad donor of genes for the obtention of better bean varieties from the culinary, nutritional and toxicological points of view. PMID- 3154301 TI - [Sanitary and technologic evaluation of the rural processing of fresh goat cheese in Chile]. AB - A sanitary and technological diagnosis of the goat cheese rural process was carried out. The purpose was to obtain more information for the planning of a program aimed to the improvement of this small agroindustry. Samples of milk, curdle, dry abomasum, rennet, water and cheese of 10% of the small industries of two rural villages in two agricultural seasons, were taken. Moreover, dilutions of the utensils and goat udders were prepared. The samples were subjected to microbiological analysis of mesophilic aerobic bacteria count, most probable number of total and fecal coliforms, and detection of Staphylococcus aureus coagulase (+), Salmonella typhi and Brucella melitensis. Proximate chemical analysis and determinations of sodium chloride and titratible acidity in milk, cheese, dry abomasum and rennet, were carried out. Goat milk was also subjected to analysis of density. It was found that significant sanitary failures are present during th whole goat cheese process, although the highest bacteria contamination occurred at the milking, curdling and filling stages. These are characterized by excessive handling and absolute lack of hygiene. The pathogen B. melitensis was absent; therefore the causes of poisoning were attributed to the toxin produced by S. aureus and to the significant count of fecal coliforms found in the goat cheese. Even though the goats are fed under a poor feeding system, the milk presented a normal physical and chemical composition. Nevertheless, protein and fat matter losses occur during cheese preparation, as a result of handling practices and lack of process control. PMID- 3154302 TI - [Use of earthworms as a protein supplement in diets for rabbits]. AB - The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the nutritive value of earthworms as protein feed in rabbit rations. Earthworm meal was obtained from Eisenia foetida and Lumbricus rubellus. Its proximate chemical composition, amino acid composition and protein digestibility in vitro were determined. In addition, growing rabbits were fed a diet containing 30% of the total protein as earthworm meal, diet which was compared with a control diet containing soybean meal as protein feed. Both diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and apparent digestibility were measured. Results showed high protein (50.86%) and fat (10.16%) contents, and low fiber percentage (2.67%). Amino acids content including the essential, and in vitro protein digestibility percentage were similar to fish and meat meals and higher than soybean meal. There were no differences in feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion. Apparent digestibility was 5.09% higher (P less than 0.05) with the diet containing earthworm meal than with the control diet. It was concluded that it is possible to substitute 30% of the protein in the diet of growing rabbits, with earthworm meal, without any adverse physiological effects. Similar results to those achieved when conventional protein supplements are used for rabbit rations, were obtained. PMID- 3154303 TI - [Nutritional evaluation of the seeds of "ipil-ipil" (Leucaena leucocephala), "casco de vaca" (Bauhinia monandra) and scented carob (Albizia lebbeck)]. AB - Chemical composition, antinutritional factors and biological protein quality of raw and autoclaved (120 degrees C for 10 min) ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala), casco de vaca (Bauhinia monandra) ard algarrobo de olor (Albizia lebbeck) seeds were determined. The trypsin inhibitor activity was 29, 120, and 150 TIU/mg of sample respectively. Autoclaving eliminated 59, 33 and 100% of the activity. Bauhinia monandra seed depicted a high hemagglutinating activity which was eliminated by autoclaving. Net protein utilization of raw and autoclaved seeds was 31 and 30, 21 and 55 and 29 and 49%, respectively. All seeds were free from cyanide and alkaloids. It is concluded that the relative low protein quality of the seeds would limit their use for human consumption. PMID- 3154304 TI - [Table of seasonal foods of Ecuador]. PMID- 3154305 TI - Angiotensin inhibitors and other vasodilators with special reference to congestive heart failure. AB - ACE inhibitors have emerged as important pharmacologic agents for treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Attenuation or inhibition of angiotensin mediated vasoconstriction appears to be the principal mechanism for the reduction of arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance. PMID- 3154306 TI - Practical therapy: adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in therapy of hypertension and congestive heart failure. PMID- 3154308 TI - Angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors and the renal excretion of urate. AB - Hyperuricaemia carries with it a high risk of tophi development affecting connective tissue in kidney, skin and joints, its overt clinical expression being gout. Diuretics, which are invariably prescribed in congestive heart failure and widely used for the treatment of essential hypertension, may cause hyperuricaemia and predispose to gout by inducing renal retention of urate. The angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors captopril and enalapril have been found to augment renal urate excretion both in normal volunteers and in hypertensive patients. Current evidence appears to indicate that the uricosuric effect of captopril and enalapril could be due to the rises in renin and angiotensin I these drugs elicit by angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibition, and/or to pharmacological actions not related, at least directly, to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Serum urate levels have been significantly reduced by monotherapy with captopril in hypertensive patients suffering from hyperuricaemia. Diuretic-induced hyperuricaemia in hypertensive patients can be prevented or counteracted by the administration of captopril and enalapril. Available clinical data support the argument that captopril and enalapril should be used as first choice drugs for the treatment of hyperuricaemic hypertensive patients. When diuretic-induced hyperuricaemia develops in patients suffering from congestive heart failure, captopril or enalapril should be added to the therapeutic regime in doses capable of countering the shift in plasma urate concentration, provided the clinical condition of the patients permits such additional pharmacological treatment. Therapy with captopril and enalapril should preferably be instituted in a gradual manner, especially in patients with hyperuricaemia, in order to prevent the precipitation of urate in the kidney and in the urinary tract. PMID- 3154309 TI - The role of prostaglandins in mediating the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and other antihypertensive drugs. AB - This review considers the hypothesis that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and other antihypertensive drugs may reduce blood pressure by altering the balance of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator hormones. Most cases of essential hypertension are characterized by increased vascular resistance. Since vascular resistance can be viewed as a net balance of offsetting vasoconstrictor and vasodilator neurohumoral forces, and since angiotensin II and norepinephrine can stimulate the synthesis of vasodilator prostaglandins that can in turn counteract peripheral vasoconstriction, we measured changes in vasoconstrictor (angiotensin II) and vasodilator (PGE2) hormones after giving different antihypertensive drugs. We found that the sulfhydryl containing converting enzyme inhibitor captopril increased vasodilator prostaglandin production (PGE2-metabolite) both acutely and chronically. This increase in PGE2-metabolite was not seen with the non-sulfhydryl converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril. PMID- 3154307 TI - Preclinical studies on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. AB - The identification of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the control of blood pressure, and the preclinical development of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors for therapeutic use are reviewed. The properties of these compounds are discussed with respect to their in vitro enzyme inhibitory potency; prevention of the pharmacological effects of angiotensin I; potentiation of those of bradykinin; tissue enzyme inhibition; mechanism of effect on blood pressure both alone and in combination with other antihypertensive agents; and effect on cardiac parameters. PMID- 3154310 TI - Verapamil and diet halt progression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol fed rabbits. AB - The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of oral verapamil and normal diet on regression of atherosclerotic plaque in cholesterol fed rabbits. Forty-three rabbits were separated into 6 groups and studied for 24 weeks. All groups had a cholesterol diet for the first 12 weeks. Group I was then sacrificed and had 38 +/- 23% (mean +/- standard deviation) aortic plaque. During weeks 13 to 24, group II (cholesterol diet) and group III (normal diet) had similar percentages of aortic plaque: 80 +/- 7% and 78 +/- 22%, respectively. Group IV (cholesterol diet), was treated with oral verapamil for 24 weeks and had significantly less plaque (54 +/- 10%) than group II, (80 +/- 7%). In group V (cholesterol diet), treatment with oral verapamil during weeks 13 to 24 did not significantly reduce plaque (70 +/- 23%), compared to group II, (80 +/- 7%). In group VI, normal diet and verapamil during weeks 13 to 24 significantly reduced aortic plaque (46 +/- 25) when compared to group II (80 +/- 7%). Group VI (46%) did not differ from group I (38%). It is concluded that verapamil combined with a normalized diet can halt the progression of aortic atherosclerosis after a 12 week atherogenic diet in rabbits. Verapamil or diet alone was ineffective in the second 12 weeks. Overall, verapamil was effective in preventing atherosclerosis but was ineffective in causing regression of atherosclerosis. PMID- 3154311 TI - International nifedipine trial on antiatherosclerotic therapy (INTACT). AB - A number of animal studies revealed an inhibition or retardation of the progression of atherosclerosis by calcium-antagonists. Encouraged by these studies, a multicenter trial on the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) in man was initiated testing the antisclerotic effect of nifedipine against placebo in 426 patients with mild to moderate coronary disease over 3 years. All patients underwent coronary angiography before entering the trial and will be restudied after 3 years; changes of the coronary artery lumen size are quantitatively assessed by a computer-assisted system (CAAS). INTACT (International Trial on Antiatherosclerotic Coronary Therapy) is therefore the first randomized prospective study on the progression of CAD based on a quantitated anigraphic control of the coronary system. This report presents the design of this still-ongoing study as well as inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quantitative evaluation of the coronary angiograms and the mode of compliance test are described in detail. A number of baseline data as well as the preliminary results of the quantitative evaluation of the first coronary angiograms are presented. Beside the results on the effect of the calcium antagonist nifedipine on the progression of CAD, INTACT might also supply information on the antiatherosclerotic potency of other drugs administered additionally (beta-blockers and nitrates) and of HDL-cholesterol. PMID- 3154312 TI - Comparative effects of prolonged therapy with four calcium ion antagonists (diltiazem, nicardipine, tiapamil and verapamil) in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris. AB - The comparative effects of prolonged chronic therapy with diltiazem, nicardipine, tiapamil and verapamil on exercise tolerance, ST-segment changes and heart rate were examined in 63 patients with established chronic stable angina pectoris. Multistage computer-assisted symptom-limited treadmill exercise tests were performed after 2 weeks of placebo ("baseline") and then after 4 months of open label chronic drug therapy. Diltiazem improved the exercise duration by 95% (p less than 0.001), nicardipine by 45% (p less than 0.001), tiapamil by 69% and verapamil by 79% (p less than 0.001). Maximal ST-segment depression was not altered by any of the drugs, but time to the development of 1 mm ST-segment depression was significantly improved in all cases. Diltiazem and verapamil reduced the heart rate at rest significantly by 6 and 8 beats/minute, respectively, whereas nicardipine increased it by 10 beats/minute (p less than 0.02), and tiapamil did not produce any significant change. Maximal heart rate at the peak of exercise was increased by 14% with nicardipine (p less than 0.001) and 6% with verapamil (p less than 0.05), whereas diltiazem and tiapamil did not produce any appreciable effect. The rate-pressure product at the peak of exercise remained unaltered with diltiazem, tiapamil and verapamil, but with nicardipine it increased significantly to 222 +/- 10 units from a baseline of 175 +/- 6 units with placebo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154313 TI - Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension: efficacy, metabolic effects and side effects. AB - Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition is increasingly used as monotherapy for hypertension, especially because of the minimal side effects. Combination of ACE inhibitor therapy with diuretics has several practical and theoretical advantages. PMID- 3154314 TI - Progress and prospects for optimum antiarrhythmic drug design. AB - Different class I drugs slow down to differing degrees the rate at which sodium channel availability, hence excitability, recovers after action potentials. Drugs that produce longer recovery half-times generally produce greater proarrhythmic side effects. Increased lipid solubility may improve a drug's "potency" for blocking channels yet with implications for adverse effects. Drug action may be potentiated in depolarized and acidotic tissue via modulation of the recovery process. A knowledge of molecular properties of antiarrhythmic drugs helps to define these modes of interaction with the sodium channels and, hence, will help in future drug design. Prospects for improving our understanding of ionic events involved in the repolarization phase of cardiac action potentials are also outlined. The development of successful strategies for controlling reentrant arrhythmias will probably require a thorough understanding of both class I and class III drug actions at the level of the membrane ion channel. PMID- 3154315 TI - The mortality risk associated with digitalis treatment after myocardial infarction. AB - We examined the effects of digitalis therapy on postinfarction mortality throughout a 24-month to 48-month follow-up in 867 patients who survived an acute myocardial infarction. During follow-up, 145 patients died (16.7% mortality). At the time of hospital discharge, 31% of the patients were taking digitalis. The digitalis-treated patients were older, had more medical-cardiac risk factors, and had a higher mortality rate throughout the follow-up than the nondigitalis treated patients. Statistical techniques were used to adjust for clinical imbalances between the digitalis-treated patients and nondigitalis-treated patients. The survival analysis (n = 728 patients) utilized the Cox regression model, and the digitalis-associated mortality risk was identified only after all significant covariates were allowed, so that mortality could be predicted as accurately as possible. Digitalis therapy was associated with a significantly increased postinfarction mortality risk after adjustment for the predictor covariates (relative risk 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.4-3.7, p less than 0.001). The findings from this large multicenter study suggest that it would be prudent to exercise caution in the use of digitalis in postinfarction patients. PMID- 3154316 TI - Superoxide dismutase and the reduction of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias: in vivo dose-response studies in the rat. AB - Using anesthetized rats we have investigated the dose-response characteristics for the ability of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to reduce the vulnerability of the rat heart to reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in vivo. Hearts (n = 15 in each group) were subjected to 7 min of regional ischemia followed by 10 min of reperfusion. In the control group (saline), 73% (11/15) of the hearts fibrillated during reperfusion, 20% (3/15) had atrioventricular block and 47% (7/15) died as a result of ventricular arrhythmias. Superoxide dismutase, administered as an intravenous bolus 2 min prior to reperfusion exerted a marked protective effect. At its most effective dose (10 mg/kg body wt i.e. 27,000 IU/kg body wt) reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation was reduced to 33% (5/15). Reperfusion-induced atrioventricular block was eliminated (0/15) and mortality was reduced to 7% (1/15, p less than 0.05). The protective effects were however very dose-dependent and at higher doses SOD exhibited no antiarrhythmic actions during reperfusion. These results, together with our previous findings in vitro, lend further support to our proposition that oxygen-derived free radicals may play a role in the induction of potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmias and that antifree radical interventions, even when given after the onset of ischemia, can be highly protective. PMID- 3154317 TI - Effect of mexiletine, amiodarone and disopyramide on the excitability and refractoriness of canine cardiac fibers: possible relation to antiarrhythmic drug action and classification. AB - We tested the hypothesis of Campbell that the effect of the sodium channel blocking antiarrhythmic drugs on postrepolarization refractoriness i.e., relation between action potential duration (APD) and effective refractory period (ERP) is determined by the drug's effect on the recovery from Vmax block. We studied the effects of two antiarrhythmic drugs with fast (mexiletine, amiodarone), and one with slow (disopyramide) kinetics of recovery from Vmax block, at two different basic cycle lengths (BCL), on ERP/APD ratio in cardiac dog Purkinje and ventricular muscle fibers. ERP was measured using stimuli of 2 ms duration and 1.0 to 5.0 times diastolic threshold strength. The three drugs altered the kinetics of recovery from Vmax block in the manner previously reported by us and other investigators. In both fiber types, mexiletine increased and the other two drugs did not change the ERP/APD ratio. We concluded that the magnitude of postrepolarization refractoriness could not be predicted from the kinetics of the Vmax block. Also, the effect of the drug on the ERP/APD ratio could be altered by changes in the stimulus strength and the BCL. PMID- 3154318 TI - Programmed stimulation in the evaluation of life-threatening or potentially life threatening ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 3154319 TI - Hemodynamic effects of felodipine in congestive heart failure. AB - The hemodynamic effects of increasing dosages of felodipine, a new calcium antagonist with selective vasodilator properties, were studied in 13 patients with chronic cardiac failure. A Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter was positioned in the pulmonary artery and hemodynamic parameters were monitored from 9 am to 6 pm for five days. On the first and the fifth day patients received placebo (P) and on the second, third, and fourth day patients received felodipine 5, 10, and 20 mg, respectively. Symptom-limited exercise tests with a bicycle ergometer were performed on both days of P and on the fourth day. A marked reduction of systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and a significant increase of cardiac index without increments of heart rate (HR) were observed after felodipine at rest. A dose response effect could be demonstrated. During exercise a significant increment of cardiac index and decrease of pulmonary wedge pressure was observed after felodipine. Felodipine showed a potent vasodilator action on systemic circulation with significant changes on both stroke volume and filling pressures at rest and during exercise without side effects. PMID- 3154320 TI - A multicenter study of a new inotropic agent, piperanometozine (OPC-8212) in congestive heart failure: clinical improvement during short-term treatment. AB - Piperanometozine (OPC-8212) is a new, orally effective inotropic agent. To evaluate the efficacy of this agent on systemic hemodynamics and clinical symptoms in patients with congestive heart failure, a multicenter study was performed. Thirty four patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classes II to IV and initially treated with digitalis were enrolled from ten centers. After a washout period of one or two weeks (placebo period), digitalis was replaced by piperanometozine (30 or 60 mg/day) for four weeks, while other drugs were continued. Clinical symptoms, routine physical findings, electrocardiogram, chest roentgenogram, echocardiogram, exercise tolerance time, and routine laboratory data were obtained in 34 patients. Four patients were withdrawn from the study before completion. After the withdrawal of digitalis, heart rate was increased and ejection fraction was decreased. Exercise tolerance time was increased while other parameters were unchanged. At the end of the treatment period with piperanometozine, ejection fraction significantly (p less than 0.05) increased with a decrease in LV end-systolic volume (p less than 0.05), whereas heart rate and blood pressure remained unchanged. Systolic blood pressure/LV end-systolic volume (P/V index) tended to decrease after the withdrawal of digitalis and increase during piperanometozine therapy. Exercise tolerance time was further increased (p less than 0.01) and NYHA functional class was improved in 11 patients, whereas it worsened in only one patient. No major adverse effects were observed. These results indicate that a short-term therapy of oral piperanometozine restored the depressed cardiac performance of the heart and improved clinical symptoms in patients with congestive heart failure. Thus, this promising agent deserves further clinical study in long-term trials. PMID- 3154321 TI - Sympathetic activity in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Influence of captopril and hydralazine. AB - To study the interrelationship between myocardial norepinephrine content, left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function, morphological changes, and plasma catecholamine concentrations, 20 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy underwent endomyocardial biopsy and ventricular angiography. The strongest correlation was found between LV ejection fraction (EF) and myocardial norepinephrine content (r = 0.87; p less than 0.001). Myocardial norepinephrine content was much weaker correlated to RV EF (r = .55; p less than 0.005), and no correlation was found to morphological changes or plasma norepinephrine concentration. The hemodynamic and neurohumoral effects of hydralazine versus captopril after the first dose were compared in a crossover trial including 15 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Hydralazine induced increases in heart rate and cardiac index (p less than 0.01) and decreases in mean arterial pressure and pulmonary wedge pressure (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.005, respectively). These hemodynamic effects were associated with increased plasma norepinephrine concentrations during upright exercise (p less than 0.05) and increased plasma renin activity (p less than 0.01). After captopril, norepinephrine plasma concentrations showed a tendency to lower levels during upright exercise, although mean arterial pressure decreased significantly (p less than 0.01). These data suggest that, in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, myocardial norepinephrine depletion strongly reflects left ventricular dysfunction. The different patterns of neurohumoral response to hydralazine versus captopril may be important for their long-term effect and for the prognosis of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. It remains to be established whether the myocardial catecholamine content is differently influenced by either drug, and whether this effect is related to the drug response after long-term treatment. PMID- 3154323 TI - Congestive heart failure: is the heart or periphery at fault? PMID- 3154322 TI - Pharmacokinetic drug interactions between digoxin and antiarrhythmic agents and calcium channel blocking agents: an appraisal of study methodology. AB - While preliminary screening for interactions between new cardiovascular pharmacotherapeutic agents and digoxin can be efficiently and safely conducted in normal healthy volunteers, it is particularly important to detect and quantify drug interactions in patients with varying degrees of cardiac, hepatic and/or renal dysfunction. Much of the previously published literature provides only minimal data to guide clinical practice because of limitations of study design including sample size and measurement techniques. Important factors that determine the ability of a particular study design to detect a drug interaction with digoxin include the accuracy and precision of the assay method for serum digoxin concentrations, intrasubject and intersubject variability in serum digoxin concentration, and sample size. The format of the trial (chronic versus single digoxin dosing in cardiac patients; chronic versus single digoxin dosing in normal subjects) and the method of assessment of alterations in digoxin handling (formal determination of digoxin clearance, comparison of multiple or single digoxin measurements during various phases of trial) also impact greatly on the clinical relevance of such investigations. Guidelines for future studies of drug interactions with digoxin in cardiac patients are proposed with particular emphasis on laboratory methods; measurement techniques during baseline, placebo, and active drug phases; calculation of the statistical power of the study; time course of the trial; and assessment of the clinical significance of the findings. PMID- 3154324 TI - Drug-related arrhythmias during therapy of congestive heart failure. AB - It is now recognized that ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias are serious complications of congestive heart failure. There are four possible drug related mechanisms: diuretic-induced electrolyte imbalance; digitalis-induced arrhythmias; use of sympathomimetic agents; and drug interactions with digoxin. In selecting optimal therapy for congestive heart failure all these drug interactions need to be borne in mind. PMID- 3154326 TI - Calcium antagonists--future uses. PMID- 3154327 TI - Calcium antagonists: whither now? PMID- 3154328 TI - Intracellular calcium in heart failure. PMID- 3154325 TI - The mammalian sinoatrial node. AB - The sinoatrial node (SAN) was discovered in 1906 by Keith and Flack. The relation between its ultrastructure and function was first studied by Trautwein and Uchizono in 1963, whereas this relation was definitely established by Taylor and coworkers in 1978. The impulse originates from cells with a relatively low percentage of myofilaments. Earliest discharge is restricted to one site only in rabbit, guinea pig, cat, and pig and presumably also in larger animals. From this primary pacemaker area, the impulse is preferentially conducted towards the crista terminalis. The amount of cells in the primary pacemaker area may vary from a few hundred to a few thousand. In rabbit, guinea pig, cat, and pig, the amount of collagen is considerable. Normal SAN function was observed in the cat although the SAN volume occupied by myocytes was less than 5%. Changes in ionic composition of the perfusion fluid and the addition of autonomic substances may cause pacemaker shifts and altered activation patterns. PMID- 3154330 TI - Addition of chlorthalidone to slow-release nifedipine in the treatment of arterial hypertension: a controlled study versus placebo. AB - The use of calcium antagonists and diuretics in combination for treatment of hypertension is controversial. In a single-blind study 16 patients (8 men, 8 women, age range 39 to 62 years) with primary hypertension of mild to moderate degree were given slow-release nifedipine 20 mg twice daily for 6 weeks, thereafter either chlorthalidone 25 mg (Group A) or placebo (group B) daily was randomly added for a further 6-week period. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate, plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone, and 24 hour urinary electrolytes were evaluated. Nifedipine decreased supine BP from 159/92 +/- 16/8 to 151/89 +/- 10/6 mmHg in group A and from 162/94 +/- 20/12 to 145/85 +/- 14/6 mmHg in group B. A further fall to 139/84 +/- 7/6 mmHg (p less than .05) was observed after addition of chlorthalidone. PRA significantly increased with combined treatment compared to baseline (3.3 +/- 0.8 to 9.9 +/- 3.3 ng/ml/hr; p less than 0.05). A slight reduction of 24-hour urinary calcium was observed after the addition of chlorthalidone. These data indicate that the combination of nifedipine and chlorthalidone might be beneficial in the treatment of arterial hypertension. PMID- 3154331 TI - Bimodal presentation of the clinical syndromes of coronary atherosclerosis: a review. AB - Recent clinical, angiographic, and pathologic evidence has prompted reexamination of the natural history of coronary atherosclerosis. Abrupt anatomic complications of atherosclerotic plaques or thrombosis on a plaque may precipitate the "malignant" syndromes of sudden death, acute myocardial infarction, or unstable angina before the plaque itself is large enough to limit coronary flow. This concept of a bimodal pattern of presentation has important clinical and therapeutic implications. PMID- 3154332 TI - Internal pH, Na+, and Ca2+ regulation by trimetazidine during cardiac cell acidosis. AB - The effects of trimetazidine were studied on plasma membrane structures of cardiac cells which control excitability, as well as on cardiac cells that were cultured in normal physiologic conditions and after intracellular acidification. When cardiac cells were kept in normal physiologic conditions, trimetazidine at concentrations ranging from 10(-8) to 3.10(-4) M interacted neither directly nor indirectly with the major ionic transporter systems of cardiac cells, such as ionic channels (Na+, K+), ATPase, Na+/H+, and Na+/Ca2+ exchange systems. Under acid-load conditions trimetazide acts in a dose- and time-dependent manner, in limiting the accumulation of Na+ and Ca2+ inside cardiac cells and depressing intracellular cell acidosis. It is proposed that trimetazidine plays a key role in limiting the intracellular accumulation of protons that is responsible for cell acidosis during ischemia. Trimetazidine, in protecting cardiac cells against accumulation of protons, limits accumulation of Na+ and Ca2+. PMID- 3154333 TI - Influence of minoxidil on myocardial hemodynamics, regional blood flow, and morphology in beagle dogs. AB - Studies were made of the effects of two doses of minoxidil (3 mg/kg), given 24 hours apart, on cardiovascular hemodynamics, regional myocardial blood flow, and cardiac morphology in beagle dogs. Minoxidil caused increases in mean right atrial and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance were reduced; cardiac output was increased. Left ventricular stroke work and the systolic pressure time index were unchanged by monoxidil administration. The diastolic pressure time index and ratio of diastolic/systolic pressure time index were decreased by minoxidil. Regional myocardial blood flow, measured with radioactive microspheres, increased in all regions of the heart except to the left ventricular papillary muscles. Minoxidil increased blood flow to left ventricular subendocardial tissue; however, this increase was significantly less than that observed in corresponding areas of subepicardial tissue, thus reducing the subendocardial/subepicardial tissue blood flow ratio. These results suggest that minoxidil is an effective peripheral vasodilator but may result in inadequate subendocardial perfusion. Morphologic studies disclosed two types of minoxidil-induced cardiac lesions: left ventricular papillary muscle necroses, and hemorrhagic lesions which were most prominent in right atrium and were associated with inflammation, intramural hemorrhage, and fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries. The papillary muscle necrosis were attributed to hypoxia. The atrial lesions were not of ischemic or hypoxic origin, because minoxidil did not decrease blood flow to atrial tissue. It is suggested that the atrial lesions are related to excessive vasodilation. PMID- 3154334 TI - [Various air pollutants in Torino]. AB - The trend of concentrations of some pollutants (total particulate, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), chromium, nickel, lead, vanadium) in the urban air of Turin for the years 1986-87-88 was studied. The air was sampled daily by glass fiber's filters; a ponderal determination of total particulate was made; PAH was dosed by gas-chromatography and by mass spectrometry, metals was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. These are the values of the three years mean concentration: total particulate 156.3 micrograms/mc, PAH 27.2 ng/mc, B(a)P 2.16 ng/mc, Cr 28.6 ng/mc, Ni 40.5 ng/mc, Pb 1.37 micrograms/mc, V 55.2 ng/mc. Finally, we try to calculate the conjectural carcinogenic effect of the B(a)P for the residents of Turin. PMID- 3154329 TI - Calcium channel antagonists. Part III: Use and comparative efficacy in hypertension and supraventricular arrhythmias. Minor indications. AB - The major antihypertensive mechanism of calcium antagonists is by decreasing the systemic vascular resistance, modified by the counter-regulatory responses of the baroreflexes and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In severe hypertension, the concept that calcium overload of the vascular myocyte could precipitate or aggravate peripheral vasoconstriction provides a logical basis for the use of these agents as first choice therapy; nifedipine, especially, has been well tested. As monotherapy for mild to moderate hypertension each of the three first-generation agents compares well with beta-blockers. Calcium antagonists may have a special role in the therapy of certain patient groups (elderly, black) or in those subjects whose life style involves intense physical or mental exertion (hemodynamics better maintained than with beta-blockade) or in patients with early end-organ damage such as left ventricular hypertrophy or renal insufficiency. However, the goal blood pressure may not be reached during monotherapy so that drug combinations may be required. Further indications for these compounds are as follows. Verapamil and diltiazem are frequently used in supraventricular tachycardias including acute and chronic atrial fibrillation. In the arrhythmias of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, there is the potential danger of provocation of anterograde conduction. Further indications for calcium antagonists, still under evaluation, include congestive heart failure (controversial), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (verapamil), primary pulmonary hypertension (high doses required), Raynaud's phenomenon (nifedipine and diltiazem effective), peripheral vascular disease (proof not yet documented), cerebral insufficiency and subarachnoid hemorrhage (nimodipine promising), migraine, exertional bronchospasm, renal disease, atherosclerosis (experimental), and primary aldosteronism (nifedipine inhibits aldosterone release). Second generation agents include dihydropyridines, such as nitrendipine, nicardipine, felodipine, amlodipine, nisoldipine, nimodipine, and isradipine. From these will be selected agents that are longer acting and provide higher vascular selectivity. New preparations of existing agents include slow-release formulations of nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem. Minor side effects include those caused by vasodilation (flushing and headaches), constipation (verapamil), and ankle edema. Serious side effects are rare and result from improper use of these agents, as when intravenous verapamil is given to patients with sinus or atrioventricular nodal depression from drugs or disease, or nifedipine to patients with aortic stenosis. The potential of a marked negative inotropic effect is usually offset by afterload reduction, especially in the case of nifedipine. Yet caution is required when calcium antagonists, especially verapamil, are given to patients with myocardial failure unless caused by hypertensive heart disease. Drug interactions of calcium antagonists occur with other cardiovascular agents such as alpha-adrenergic blockers, beta-adrenergic blockers, digoxin, quinidine, and disopyramide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3154335 TI - [Health survey on morbility and accidents in various productive agricultural sectors]. AB - A health survey on morbidity and accidents was carried out on a population of 970 farmers in the district of Bari working in 6 different agricultural sectors. Data were gathered through a CNR-based (National Research Council) questionnaire administered by two occupation specialists. Results showed, first of all, that fertilizers are used in all agricultural sectors, while antiparasitic agents and herbicides are used in different ways according to the kind of culture. Horticulture is the sector where pesticides are more widely used as it is an intensive culture and has many cultivation cycles during the agricultural year. Interviewed subjects referred different pathologies, in particular arthrosis of spinal cord and limbs paresthesia. No significant direct association was observed between these pathologies and the sectors considered. Arthrosis of spinal cord seems to be related to exposure duration as it is well known that agricultural work implies unfavourable postures and exposure to adverse climatic conditions which favour the degeneration processes causing arthrosis. 19.5% of cases showed eczema. As far as accidents are concerned the situation is worrisome both for the frequency of accidents and the seriousness of lesions. This survey showed the need to investigate thoroughly the etiology of limbs paresthesia, eczema and accidents of farmers. PMID- 3154336 TI - [Clinico-anamnestic survey in health professionals exposed to volatile anesthetics]. AB - The authors describe the results of a preliminary clinical survey of a group of 220 health workers, physicians and 151 nursing and auxiliary staff members of a large regional hospital in Lombardia, who are exposed to volatile anaesthetics. Contact dermatitis, varices of the legs and arthrosis, particularly that of the cervical and lumbar tract, are the most frequently reported disease in our population. In 75% of cases these disturbances arose after the beginning of the job working in the operating-theatres. When compared with a control group there was a statistically significant difference for contact dermatitis (p less than 0.01) and cervical tract arthrosis (p less than 0.02). The statistical comparison among the subjects exposed to the anaesthetics gases, who were stratified on the basis of the level of exposure and of seniority, confirms a higher prevalence of symptoms due to a reduction of alertness and of psychological and psychomotorial performances in the more exposed personnel. The comparison between female staff exposed and not-exposed to the gases did not show an increase of abortivity, while a statistically significant difference was evident between the female staff (either exposed or not-exposed) and the wives of male workers not exposed to the anaesthetics gases. PMID- 3154337 TI - [Risks of AIDS among health personnel (physicians, nurses, obstetricians)]. AB - Health-care workers are exposed to risk of HIV infection. Blood and body fluids containing blood are the most important sources of HIV and the major risk for health-care workers occurs by incidental parenteral contact with these fluids. Therefore, the risk can be minimized by taking care to prevent injuries and by using protective barriers for mucous membranes and skin. However, the number of cases reported in literature with occupational HIV infection is extremely low. PMID- 3154339 TI - [Arsenic and respiratory neoplasms, risks, prevention]. AB - Arsine and in general airborne arsenic compounds show the main cancer promoting characteristics. Protection of employees is therefore a question of ventilation speed and arsenic determination in ambient air and, preservated with EDTA, in urine. Meanwhile, the excess of respiratory cancers alone will continue to increase 5% for each microgram of arsenic present per m3 of air breathed in the work area, or excreted in every one-third liter of urine. Eighteen years after occupational lung cancer due to arsenic and arsenic compounds has been recognised in Japan, the presently accepted TLV of arsine, 200 micrograms/m3, unchanged since 1950, thus corresponds to an excess mortality of 1000%. PMID- 3154338 TI - [Personal diffusive samplers: evaluation of the optimal sampling time]. AB - A simple programme in basic language is formulated, which can be used with a personal computer, to evaluate the minimum and maximum sampling time of personal passive samplers at given concentrations of solvents. It is possible to evaluate also the sampler's response time to the peak concentration of the solvent and, once an arbitrary sampling time has been chosen, it is possible to know the concentration range to get exact determinations. PMID- 3154341 TI - [Evaluation of various psychologic parameters in a group of workers occupationally exposed to radiofrequency]. AB - In this study effects on psyche caused by a protract exposure to radiofrequency are examined. 13 women, occupationally exposed to radiofrequency, were subjected to a series of psychological tests in order to verify possible psychological troubles. Results seem to demonstrate a significant presence of troubles concerning social relations, anxiety and depression. PMID- 3154340 TI - [Sanitary surveillance of workers occupationally exposed to volatile anesthetics: proposal for a computerized program for data collection and processing]. AB - The aim of this work is to present a computerized program for an epidemiological evaluation of the data relevant to workers occupationally exposed to anesthetic gases and of the related occupational risks. The great handiness, the speed of execution, the possibility of carrying out researches by mean of multiple variables correlation and the prompt availability of the data, are the distinguishing features of this program. PMID- 3154342 TI - [HPLC determination of low concentrations of benzene]. AB - A laboratory study, using generated atmosphere containing 0.14/23.3 mg/m3 of Benzene, was conducted to adapt an existing industrial hygiene monitoring method for measuring low concentrations of Benzene. This method was developed to determine concentrations of Benzene in the ambient air and around refinery/petrochemical plant. The air sample is collected on a diffusive personal sampler (Zambelli-TK 200) and analyzed by desorption with a mixture of methylene chloride and ethyl acetate followed by quantification using HPLC-Fluorescence detector. The method used did not detect aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbons. The HPLC-Fluorescence method is compared with a gas chromatographic method that uses capillary column and flame ionization detection after a collection of air sample on a Carbotrap 100 tube and following thermal desorption. PMID- 3154343 TI - [Asthma caused by sodium p-toluene-n-chloro-sulfonamide: observations on a clinical case]. AB - We describe the case of a patient exposed to chloramine-T who experienced severe asthmatic symptoms when spraying chloramine-T solutions. The patient used chloramine-T as a sterilising agent in medical facilities. Occupational asthma due to chloramine-T was diagnosed by means of specific bronchial provocation test (occupational type). We stress the risk of exposure to high levels of chloramine T and the importance of this compound as a cause of occupational asthma. PMID- 3154345 TI - [Sterility due to endometriosis]. PMID- 3154346 TI - [Maternal mortality in Nuevo Leon during 1984. The sociomedical factors]. PMID- 3154347 TI - [The presence and function of polyamines in the male reproductive system]. PMID- 3154348 TI - [Bilateral tubal obstruction, the failure of the method]. PMID- 3154344 TI - [Psychogenesis of accidents]. AB - After having carried out a historical review of industrial psychology with specific attention to the evolution of the concept of causality in accidents, the Authors formulate their work hypothesis from that research which take into highest consideration the executives' attitudes in the genesis of the accidents. As dogmatism appears to be one of the most negative of executives' attitudes, the Authors administered Rockeach's Scale to 130 intermediate executives from 6 industries in Latium and observed the frequency index for accidents and the morbidity index (absenteeism) of the 2149 workhand. The Authors assumed that to high degree of dogmatism on the executives' side should correspond o a higher level of accidents and absenteeism among the staff. The data processing revealed that, due to the type of machinery employed, three of the industries examined should be considered as High Risk Industrie (HRI), while the remaining three could be considered as Low Risk Industries (LRI): in fact, due to the different working conditions, a significant lower number of accidents occurred in last the three. A statistically significant correlation between the executives' dogmatism and the number of accidents among their workhand in the HRI has been noticed, while this has not been observed in the LRI. This confirms, as had already been pointed out by Gemelli in 1944, that some "objective conditions" are requested so that the accident may actually take place. On the other hand the morbidity index has not shown any difference related to the different kind of industries (HRI, LRI): in both cases statistically significant correlations were obtained between the executives' dogmatism and the staff's absenteeism. absenteeism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154349 TI - [Changes in the spermogram induced by the preparation of human semen for intrauterine artificial insemination]. PMID- 3154350 TI - [Staphylococcus aureus-induced shock. An obstetrical case report]. PMID- 3154351 TI - [Vaginal hysterectomy by Heaney's technic]. PMID- 3154352 TI - [Stress urinary incontinence: a modified vaginal technic by tunnelization]. PMID- 3154354 TI - [Immunologic thrombocytopenic purpura and pregnancy (the experience with 10 cases)]. PMID- 3154353 TI - [The effect of nomifensine on prolactin secretion in the puerperium and its aftereffect on lactation]. PMID- 3154355 TI - [Advanced ovarian cancer (clinical stage III). The prognostic value of an optimal surgical treatment]. PMID- 3154356 TI - [The induction of antiestradiol antibodies for their use in RIA]. PMID- 3154357 TI - [Microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix]. PMID- 3154358 TI - [The value of mastography and xeromastography in malignant tumors]. PMID- 3154359 TI - [Maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality in severe toxemia]. PMID- 3154360 TI - [An ultrastructural analysis of the spermatozoa in fertile euspermic and infertile oligospermic individuals]. PMID- 3154361 TI - [Cesarean hysterectomy]. PMID- 3154362 TI - [The physiopathological aspects of the normoprolactinemic amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome]. PMID- 3154363 TI - [Artificial insemination with the husband's semen (A.I.H.)]. PMID- 3154364 TI - [Sexuality during pregnancy]. PMID- 3154365 TI - [The microbiological characteristics of bacterial vaginosis]. PMID- 3154366 TI - [The tocolytic action of nifedipine, a calcium antagonist]. PMID- 3154367 TI - [The outlook for the management of endometrial hyperplasia. A preliminary report]. PMID- 3154369 TI - The International Society for Heart Transplantation Registry. PMID- 3154370 TI - The Registry of the International Society for Heart Transplantation: fourth official report--1987. PMID- 3154371 TI - Pancreas transplantation: the University of Wisconsin experience. AB - The data presented in this chapter demonstrate that acceptable short-term results can now be achieved for patients receiving a pancreas transplant. We feel that urinary drainage and the use of a whole pancreas with a duodenal segment currently represent the most optimal technical approach. Immunosuppressive therapy using the quadruple induction protocol will prevent early rejection episodes in the majority of patients. Once rejection is diagnosed, one should not hesitate to institute immediate antirejection treatment with OKT3 monoclonal antibody. In our most recent series of 24 combined kidney and pancreas transplants an extremely encouraging outcome can be reported. Of the 24 patients who received a combined cadaver kidney and pancreatic allograft within the last 2 years, 23 are alive and well. Twenty-three also have good-functioning kidneys, of which 21 have a functioning kidney and pancreatic allograft. Based on these results, which will undoubtedly be duplicated in the very near future by a number of other centers, we believe that pancreas transplantation has now emerged into a therapeutic and effective procedure. PMID- 3154372 TI - HLA matching for cadaver renal transplantation in SEOPF: the impact of cyclosporine. Southeastern Organ Procurement Foundation. AB - Since the introduction of CsA in 1983, several changes in SEOPF activity have been observed: 1. Organ recovery has increased at a rate slower than candidate registration, whereas the utilization rate has increased substantially. 2. Overall organ sharing has decreased for both CsA and non-CsA-treated patients. 3. The percentage of poor HLA-A,B matched recipients has increased for both CsA- and non-CsA-treated patients. 4. The use of cold storage preservation has increased for both CsA- and non-CsA-treated patients. 5. The use of ALS has decreased, predominantly in CsA-treated patients. 6. A majority of diabetics are being treated with CsA. 7. There is substantial individual variation in SEOPF center preferences for CsA use, HLA matching, and use of shared kidneys. In terms of graft outcome, the following associations have been observed: 1. The incidence of delayed graft function has increased with shared kidneys only, suggesting sharing of poorer quality as well as fewer kidneys. 2. First transplant recipients receiving CsA tend to have lower delayed graft function rates, possibly as a result of treatment selection. However, the risk of graft failure associated with delayed function is greater in patients receiving CsA. 3. By univariate analysis, there is an additive benefit of HLA-A,B matching and CsA use in patients receiving local kidneys with immediate function. 4. By multivariate analysis, there is a significant relative risk of graft rejection associated with poor HLA A,B matching in patients receiving CsA. 5. By multivariate analysis, there is an apparent risk of graft loss associated with shared organs, but only in patients receiving CsA. One possible explanation is that poorer quality kidneys are being accepted for patients treated with CsA. 6. By multivariate subset analysis, there is a significant benefit of CsA use in patients whose HLA is poorly matched, but no observed benefit in well-matched patients. 7. Definitive evaluation of the relative effects of CsA and HLA matching on cadaver renal allograft survival must await long-term follow-up data on survival and function, and the ability to control for center bias in sharing, HLA matching, and CsA use. PMID- 3154368 TI - [Seminal fructose as an index of fertility and of androgenic stimulus]. PMID- 3154374 TI - Cyclosporine "rescue". PMID- 3154373 TI - Pancreas transplant protocols at the University of Minnesota: recipient and donor selection, operative and postoperative management, and outcome. AB - In summary, at the University of Minnesota we perform pancreas transplants from both living-related and cadaver donors. Living-related donors must meet strict criteria indicating that they are not at risk for diabetes. Segmental grafts are procured from living-related donors. We currently procure whole pancreas grafts from most cadaver donors, including those in whom a liver is procured. We will accept preservation times up to 24 hours using hyperosmolar silica-gel-filtered plasma as the preservation solution. In regard to recipient selection, we have several categories of patients, including nonuremic individuals with early secondary lesions of diabetes affecting the eyes, nerves, and kidneys. Pancreas transplants are also performed in patients with end-stage diabetic nephropathy, either simultaneous with or after a kidney transplant. The potential benefit from pancreas transplantation is greatest in patients who have early diabetic complications which in the absence of this intervention would progress to a severity more serious than the possible side effects of chronic immunosuppression. A careful pretransplant evaluation is necessary in order to select nonuremic, nonkidney recipients in whom pancreas transplantation is appropriate. The selection process is much easier in kidney transplant recipients; virtually any person who can withstand the additional surgery is a candidate, the risks associated with immunosuppression having already been accepted in lieu of the unsatisfactory alternative of chronic dialysis. The results we have obtained in the 3 categories of recipients since November 1984 in patients managed by our currently preferred surgical techniques and immunosuppressive protocols are shown in Figure 6. One-year pancreas survival rates in nonuremic, nonkidney transplant recipients are 63%, in recipients of a previous kidney 46%, and in recipients of simultaneous kidneys 75%. With respect to surgical technique, our current preference is the bladder drainage method because the ability to monitor exocrine function leads to earlier diagnosis and treatment of rejection episodes. With related donor transplant, we have continued to use enteric drainage. Because the rejection rate is much lower than with cadaver donors, the one-year functional survival rate has been relatively high for technically successful enteric-drained related donor grafts. Nevertheless, rejection does occur, and related donor segmental grafts are being performed with bladder drainage. Our current immunosuppressive protocol of quadruple drug therapy has been associated with the highest graft survival rates, particularly in the bladder-drained group where early diagnosis and treatment of rejection has been facilitated. In our experience, UAA monitoring results have had a high correlation with rejection episodes, and we have never seen loss of endocrine function with retention of high UAA levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3154375 TI - Role of cyclosporine in recurrent hemolytic uremic syndrome in a renal allograft recipient. PMID- 3154376 TI - The Lazarus phenomenon. PMID- 3154377 TI - Cadaver kidney transplantation cases with a cold ischemia time of more than 100 hours. PMID- 3154378 TI - Current status of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in leukemia: a report from the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry. AB - Utilization of bone marrow transplantation as a therapeutic modality continues to increase. During the 32 years between 1955 and 1986 more than 15,000 patients received allogeneic transplants; more than 50% of these were performed in the 3 years, 1984 to 1986. Transplantation is an effective therapy for acute leukemias; in some instances it is the preferred treatment. In chronic myelogenous leukemia, aplastic anemia, and some genetic and immune deficiency diseases, bone marrow transplantation provides the only possibility for cure. Bone marrow transplantation is investigational in other conditions and is associated with substantial problems such as graft-vs-host disease, interstitial pneumonitis, and the requirement for an HLA-identical donor. Recently an increasing number of transplants have been performed using HLA partially or fully matched related or unrelated donors with some success. The development of AGVHD and interstitial pneumonitis can to some extent be predicted by risk factor assessment. AGVHD can be prevented by depletion of T cells from the donor bone marrow but this is associated with an increased risk of graft rejection and leukemia relapse. Interstitial pneumonitis can be modified by prophylaxis with CMV immune globulin and by the use of CMV-negative blood donors. In this report we summarized data from the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry concerning allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in leukemia. PMID- 3154381 TI - Heart and heart-lung transplantation Papworth Hospital 1979 to 1987. AB - The quality of life for those who survive the first 3 months after transplantation is generally good. The duration of hospital stay and the cost of transplantation per patient have been reduced during the last 3 years. Cardiologists are coming to appreciate the therapeutic potential of both heart and heart-lung transplantation and one of the chief logistic problems faced is that of increasing the provision of transplant services to match the increasing demand. Ultimately this will be donor-limited but at present in the United Kingdom the main limitation to the expansion of services is restriction of funding and resources. (The allocation for heart transplantation from the DHSS for the financial year 1987/88 is 4.3 million pounds). The broad principles of management of heart and heart-lung recipients have been established. Further improvement in medium-term results can be anticipated as a result of reducing CsA induced nephrotoxicity and hypertension as a result of triple therapy and adjusting the components of that therapy to the individual needs of particular patients. Heart transplantation has now taken its place as an established therapy for life-threatening heart disease. Heart-lung transplantation is still going through its developmental phase with acceptable short-term results, but with much to learn in the mid- and long-term following transplantation. PMID- 3154379 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome following intravenous cyclosporine. PMID- 3154380 TI - Captopril-associated acute renal failure in transplanted recipient. PMID- 3154382 TI - Renal vein thrombosis in a renal transplant patient. PMID- 3154384 TI - Myelomonocytic leukemia after renal transplantation. PMID- 3154383 TI - Abdominal aortic aneurysm after renal transplantation. PMID- 3154385 TI - Visceral leishmaniasis in kidney transplantation: report of one case. PMID- 3154387 TI - Juxtaglomerular cell hyperplasia in transplanted kidney. PMID- 3154386 TI - Visceral leishmaniasis in a renal transplant patient: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. PMID- 3154388 TI - Oliguria, fever, and graft swelling after renal transplantation: were the symptoms really caused by acute rejection? PMID- 3154389 TI - Restless legs syndrome treated successfully by kidney transplantation--a case report. PMID- 3154390 TI - Successful transplantation of a Thule Eskimo. PMID- 3154391 TI - Kidney transplantation in Pittsburgh: experience and innovations. AB - 1. The introduction of combined CsA and steroid treatment as the baseline immunosuppressive medication significantly enhanced the results of kidney transplantation in our series. But various other preexisting recipient or donor conditions may still have an important effect on kidney transplant survival and should not go unrecognized. 2. Living-related kidney transplants were almost totally abandoned at our institution. Reasons for this approach are the increased availability of cadaveric donor organs, the improved results with cadaveric transplants under CsA and the possible risks to the living donors. 3. Combined liver/kidney transplants have been shown to offer a favorable treatment modality for patients with endstage liver and renal failure. 4. A newly developed center oriented Transplant Information Management System (TIMY) significantly facilitates the clinical and research tasks in our department. 5. An integrated, computerized scoring system for equitable allocation of donor organs has proven to be highly effective during routine clinical use. PMID- 3154392 TI - The changing role of HLA matching. AB - 1. In the precyclosporine era, there was a 12% difference in graft survival at one year between recipients of HLA identical and one-haplotype mismatched transplants from living-related donors. This difference increased to 20% at 5 years. 2. Recipients of cadaver donor transplants which were not mismatched at HLA-A,B antigens had a 10% higher graft survival rate at one year than recipients of kidneys which were completely mismatched at HLA-A,B. The difference increased to 17% at 5 years. 3. Patient survival at 5 years posttransplant was 5% higher in recipients of HLA-A,B matched grafts than in recipients of completely mismatched grafts. 4. The percentage of zero HLA-A,B mismatched grafts which functioned was 7% higher at one day and 10% higher at one month than completely mismatched grafts to sensitized recipients. 5. Sensitization following a rejected transplant occurred two to three times more frequently in recipients who rejected an HLA-A,B mismatched graft and were subsequently retransplanted. 6. Sensitized recipients generally received transplants which were better matched for HLA-A,B antigens as a result of selection against mismatches at the crossmatch. Twenty percent of highly sensitized recipients were transplanted with no mismatches at HLA-A,B. HLA DR matching was not affected by sensitization. 7. HLA-C locus antigens were typed in 30% of donors and recipients since 1979. Matching for the C locus antigens in addition to HLA-A,B or HLA-DR antigens did not improve graft survival. 8. The number of patients typed for HLA-DR antigens has steadily increased since 1978, with 90% of patients transplanted in 1984 and 1985 typed for DR antigens. 9. Since the introduction of cyclosporine, there has been a significant increase in the number of poorly matched transplants at the expense of well-matched transplants. This trend coincided with a decrease in the number of cadaver donor kidneys shared between distant centers. 10. Matching for HLA-B and -DR locus antigens had a larger effect on cadaver kidney graft survival than matching for HLA-A,B or HLA-DR antigens separately. First cadaver transplants with zero HLA B,DR antigens mismatched had a 90% one-year graft survival rate when the recipient received cyclosporine. One approach toward increasing the number of such well-matched transplants would involve extensive sharing of kidneys from B locus homozygous donors, since these account for half of the zero HLA-B,DR mismatched transplants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3154393 TI - Factors determining renal transplant outcome at the University of Texas at Houston. AB - CsA-Pred therapy yields equivalently good patient survival for LRD and 2 degrees CAD versus 1 degree CAD transplants. There is a long-term graft survival advantage for LRD versus 1 degree CAD transplants (5 years; 83% vs 58%). 2 degrees CAD transplants have inferior graft survival when compared with 1 degree CAD grafts (one year; 78% vs 67%). Multiple donor factors adversely affecting graft outcome include increased warm and cold ischemia times, pulsatile perfusion, use of pressors or diuretics in the donor, donor age less than 10 years, donor blood transfusions, and kidneys shipped from other centers. Recipient factors adversely affecting graft outcome include retransplantation and CMV infection as well as noncompliance with therapy. HLA-matching and pretransplant blood transfusions have not contributed in a statistically significant way to graft outcome although they may affect the quality of graft function at this center. Immunosuppressive therapy with CsA-Pred must be tailored to the individual patient. Continuous IV CsA infusion in the preoperative period and slow steroid taper impact favorably on graft outcome. The complications of CsA therapy include neuroectodermal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and most importantly, nephrotoxicity. Other problems unique to CsA-Pred therapy include hypertension, delayed graft thrombosis, and de novo hemolytic uremic syndrome. Hepatotoxicity may eventuate in biliary and pancreatic complications necessitating surgical therapy. The overall incidence of infection and neoplasm remains low with CsA-Pred therapy. The use of therapeutic trough CsA level monitoring, as well as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses may assist in clinical decision making regarding administered doses, dosing interval, and discrimination between rejection and nephrotoxicity. PMID- 3154394 TI - Factors important in 10-year kidney transplant survival. AB - We reviewed 14,005 renal grafts with the temporal opportunity for 10-year survival (transplanted 1975 and earlier) and analyzed 10-year actuarial graft survival and the rate of late (3- through 10-year) graft loss as reflected by half-life. The 10-year graft survival for first transplants in HLA-identical siblings was 67% versus 38% for parental donors and 20% for cadaver donors. Factors with substantial influence on 10-year graft survival include transplant number, transfusions (0, 17%; greater than or equal to 1,33%), HLA-A,B mismatches (0, 29%; 1-2, 20%, 3-4, 17%), cold ischemia time (0-3 hours, 32%; 4-6 hours, 27%; 7-12 hours, 21%; greater than 12 hours, 16%), preservation method if CIT is no more than 24 hours (cold storage, 22%; machine, 17%), recipient race (Caucasian, 23%; black, 11%), original disease, recipient age, recipient sex, donor race, and the quality of early graft function (less than or equal to one month). Factors not significantly influencing 10-year graft survival were panel-reactive antibodies, warm ischemia time, preservation method if CIT was more than 24 hours, and donor sex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154395 TI - Center effect. AB - 1. The center effect persists through the period studied--transplants performed in 1983 and 1984. Consistent differences remain in outcome as measured by one year graft survival. After discounting statistical variation, the extreme difference is approximately 40-50% for first grafts from cadaver donors. 2. The magnitude of the differences remains when cyclosporine is used. 3. Centers differ with respect to factors generally considered related to graft outcome, but the differences account at most for a small fraction of the differences between success rates. 4. Results were ambiguous as to whether the center effect applied to grafts from HLA-identical siblings. 5. The center effect is not entirely confined to the pre- and early posttransplant periods, since differences remain among grafts functioning three months posttransplant. Differences diminished, however, particularly among the centers with higher graft survival rates. 6. Factors not considered in the study are those relating to care after transplant and general medical risk assessments prior to transplant. PMID- 3154396 TI - Renal transplantation at the University of Minnesota during the 1980s. AB - 1. There have been 1,225 renal allografts performed at the University of Minnesota between January 1, 1980 and May 31, 1987. Significant risk factors for graft survival include donor type, retransplantation, and age at time of transplant. In addition, diabetes is a significant risk factor in patient survival. 2. Three immunosuppressive regimens have been used during this time period: AZA + P + ALG, CsA + P, and CsA + AZA + P (+ ALG for CAD grafts). The 3 protocols have been received by 411, 205, and 356 primary renal allograft recipients, respectively. No overall differences between the therapies exist with respect to graft or patient survival. However, females, recipients of CAD organs (especially the recipient with diabetes), and patients 18-50 years of age at transplant have improved graft survival results using CsA + AZA + P (+ ALG). Females and the 18-50-year-old recipients also have improved results with respect to patient survival. 3. The 3 protocols [AZA + P + ALG; CsA + P; and CsA + AZA + P + ALG] have been used for 125, 112, and 174 primary recipients of CAD organs, respectively. Recipients of CsA + AZA + P + ALG have significantly better graft survival overall in the diabetic and poorly matched subgroups. Other high-risk (but small sample size) subgroups show statistically nonsignificant, but clinically important, improvements. These groups include patients over 50 years of age, patients with preformed antibodies, as well as those with compatible ABO blood types. Similar trends exist with respect to patient survival. 4. Risk factor analysis of all patients receiving CsA + AZA + P (+ ALG) indicates that donor type, retransplantation, and age at the time of transplant are still serious risk factors for graft survival. Only age at transplant influences patient survival significantly. 5. The failure to find any significant risk factors in primary recipients of CAD organs in the CsA + AZA + P(+ ALG) era, combined with the generally consistent good graft and patient survival rates, suggest that the traditionally high-risk patient can be successfully transplanted with excellent results. 6. Pediatric patients can be successfully transplanted with results equivalent to 18-50-year-old patients and better than those recipients over 50 years of age at the time of transplant. Random transfusions and combination therapy are at least as good as DST and AZA + P + ALG. PMID- 3154397 TI - Cardiac transplantation at Harefield Hospital. PMID- 3154398 TI - Current status of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a report from the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry. AB - Bone marrow transplantation is widely used to treat hematologic, immune, and genetic diseases. More than 9,500 transplants have been performed by 199 transplant teams worldwide; 162 are currently active. The annual rate of allogeneic bone marrow transplants now exceeds 2,500 plus more than 1,000 autotransplants annually. Transplantation is an effective therapy for acute leukemias; in some instances, it is the preferred treatment. In chronic myelogenous leukemia, aplastic anemia, and some genetic and immune diseases, bone marrow transplantation provides the only possibility for cure. Bone marrow transplantation remains investigational in many conditions and is associated with substantial problems such as GvHD, interstitial pneumonitis, and the requirement for an HLA-identical donor. Recently an increasing number of transplants have been performed using HLA partially or fully matched, related or unrelated donors with some success. The development of GvHD and interstitial pneumonitis can, to some extent, be predicted by risk-factor assessment. Although GvHD can be prevented by depleting T cells from the donor bone marrow, this is associated with an increased risk of graft rejection and leukemia relapse. Interstitial pneumonitis can be modified by prophylaxis with CMV-immune globulin and by the use of CMV-negative blood donors. In this report, we summarized data from the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry concerning allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in man. PMID- 3154399 TI - The transfusion effect. AB - Pretransplant Transfusion 1. With cyclosporine, cadaver kidney donor transplant recipients who had no transfusions (392 patients) had a 66% one-year graft survival rate compared with 77% for those who had transfusions (2916 patients, p less than 0.001). Without cyclosporine, the comparable figures were 57% for those without transfusions (234 patients) compared with 64% for those who had transfusions (2761 patients, p less than 0.05). Thus, the transfusion effect remains a significant factor in transplantation even with the advent of cyclosporine. 2. With cyclosporine, whole blood transfusions effectively increased the survival rate to 96% for one year with more than five transfusions in 26 patients. 3. The transfusion effect was most apparent in patients ages 16 to 40. Older patients had a high survival rate without transfusions. 4. The transfusion effect acted independently from cyclosporine and HLA-B,DR matching. Thus, when all three factors were maximized, there was an 89% one-year survival rate (118 patients) compared with 49% survival when all three factors were at their worst. 5. In transplants performed in 1982 and 1983, the transfusion effect had almost disappeared because the nontransfused patients had a high survival rate. However, in transplants performed in 1984 and 1985, there was a transfusion effect, although not as strong as it was earlier. 6. Second cadaver grafts were improved by intervening transfusions given after rejection of a first graft. Interestingly, more than 10 transfusions yielded a one-year graft survival rate of 69% in 183 patients. 7. The related donor transplant survival rate was significantly influenced by the number of transfusions both in cyclosporine treated and conventionally treated patients. Peroperative Transfusions at Surgery 8. Peroperative transfusions were most effective in regrafted patients (55% one year survival rate without and 61% with peroperative transfusions). In first grafts, particularly in males, they were slightly deleterious. These relationships were the same in cyclosporine-treated patients. 9. Peroperative transfusions were beneficial to regrafted patients regardless of their presensitization status, sex, or whether they had rejected their first grafts rapidly or slowly. 10. Second graft survival increased to 77% at one year in 107 patients by adding peroperative transfusions to more than 10 intervening transfusions. 11. One or two units of blood were equivalent, as were the various types of blood products. Whole blood was the most effective, although the numbers of cases available for analysis were small.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3154400 TI - Cadaveric renal transplantation in the cyclosporine and OKT3 eras: the University of Wisconsin-Madison experience. PMID- 3154401 TI - Donor and recipient age effect. AB - Donor Age 1. Kidney graft survival rates from donors who were younger than 5 have not improved substantially during the 10 years; approximately 40% one-year graft survival in 1975 to about 50% in 1985. On the other hand, grafts from donors 6 years and older have improved from about 40% to 75% in 1985. Most notable has been the marked increase in graft survival rates from donors who were older than 59 years. 2. Cyclosporine seems to adversely affect graft survival from older donors. Thus the improvement is greater for kidneys from young donors than from donors who are 55 or older. 3. Female donors. older than 20 years of age resulted in one-year graft survival rates that were about 10% lower than for kidneys from comparable-aged male donors when cyclosporine was used. 4. The first day nonfunction rate and the one-month nonfunction rates for cyclosporine-treated patients were higher than for conventional treatment in the older age kidneys. Thus some of the effect of cyclosporine in the older kidney takes place within the first month. 5. Grafts from donors under 9 years of age were more frequently reported to have failed due to immunologic failure than grafts from older donors. Kidneys from donors younger than 3 had the highest immunologic failure rate as well as the highest technical failure rate. Even for recipients younger than 3, it appears that older donor kidneys succeed at a higher rate. Recipient Age 1. Recipients of all ages over 6 have approximately the same graft survival rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154402 TI - A single center experience with cyclosporine in renal transplantation: Ohio State University 1983 to 1987. AB - 1. Equivalent graft survival for both diabetic and nondiabetic recipients can be accomplished in haploidentical living-related donor transplants with either DST and posttransplant conventional immunosuppression or a CsA-prednisone protocol without pretransplant DST. 2. There is an 8% difference in one-year graft survival between living-related (91%) and first cadaveric (83%) donor renal transplants. At 2 years this difference is 12%. 3. In primary cadaveric donor transplants, only diabetic status and immediate graft nonfunction (ATN) proved significant determinants of graft survival. The degree of HLA-A, B, or DR match, transfusion, recipient age, or level of presensitization, were all variables that did not significantly correlate with outcome. 4. In the retransplanted population the level of presensitization and the presence of immediate graft nonfunction (ATN) proved significant variables on univariant analysis. The relationship between recipient presensitization as reflected in PRA and the incidence of ATN and the interplay of these 2 variables on graft survival strongly suggest an immunologically unique environment in the recipient undergoing retransplantation that negatively impacts on graft survival and that is not present following presensitization of primary cadaveric recipients. PMID- 3154403 TI - The roles of sex, race, and ABO groups. AB - 1. Recipient sex did not play a significant role in transplant outcome. 2. Donor sex emerged as a surprisingly major factor in recent transplants. Cyclosporine did not increase graft survival of female donor kidneys from donors between the ages of 31 and 50 above survival rates achieved by conventional immunosuppression. Male kidneys had a 7% higher one-year survival rate than female kidneys in first cadaver transplants and a 13% higher one-year survival rate in regraft recipients treated with cyclosporine. 3. Female donor kidneys had poorer early function rates in cyclosporine-treated patients. The first day nonfunction rate was 27% in first cadaver recipients of female donor kidneys and 19% for male donor kidneys. Among recipients whose kidneys did not function in the early posttransplant period, recipients of female donor grafts had higher average serum creatinine levels than recipients of male donor grafts. 4. The poorer survival and early function rates of female cadaver donor kidneys were also affected by the age of the donor in first transplant recipients. Kidneys from females less than 30 years old survived as well as male donor kidneys, suggesting that the effect was not strictly sex-associated. 5. Matching for HLA A,B antigens abrogated the effect of donor sex. Graft survival was the same for both male and female kidneys when no HLA-A,B antigens were mismatched between the donor and recipient in first cadaver, cadaver regraft, and living-related donor transplants. Mismatches at HLA-A,B reduced survival of female donor grafts in patients who were retransplanted by as much as 25% at one year, while male donor grafts were much less affected. 6. Black recipients had significantly lower graft survival rates than white recipients of first cadaver donor transplants. Although cyclosporine improved graft survival in blacks, there remained a 10% discrepancy between the survival of transplants in black recipients and in white recipients. 7. Although the number of transplants was small, there was no apparent race effect in blacks who were retransplanted with a cadaver donor kidney or who received a transplant from a living related donor when cyclosporine was used. 8. The poor graft survival of black donor kidneys transplanted to white recipients was due in part to very poor HLA matching. 9. The black donor kidney showed a striking similarity to the older female donor kidney in recipients treated with cyclosporine. There may be an association between cyclosporine nephrotoxicity or rejection and kidneys from hypertensive donors. 10. There were no differences in graft survival between recipients of the various blood types in recent transplants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3154404 TI - Comparable success rates are now possible for higher- and lower-risk cadaveric kidney transplant recipients. PMID- 3154405 TI - Influence of race on renal allograft survival in the pre- and postcyclosporine era. AB - In conclusion we find that white cadaveric recipients of renal allografts have clearly benefited from the use of CsA. Matching for the major histocompatibility antigens, especially HLA-B + DR, is also associated with improved allograft survival in whites. For black cadaveric recipients there was no significant improvement in allograft survival with the use of CsA nor with matching for HLA. In contrast, for recipients of LRD kidneys both races appear to benefit from the use of CsA over conventional therapy. Consequently, it is clear that with the excellent allograft survival in LRD black recipients that matching can have a significant beneficial effect. However, the differences in survival between the races of cadaveric recipients suggest that for blacks the use of CsA cannot overcome the inherent genetic or physiologic differences that may exist. These results suggest that blacks should be targeted for concentrated study, the benefits of which would be to increase our understanding of potential factors influencing allograft survival in a group that comprises an increasingly larger proportion of candidates on waiting lists throughout the United States. 1. Overall renal allograft survival in CsA-treated black recipients is significantly lower than in comparable white recipients. The major period of allograft loss is in the first 6 months after which the rates of allograft loss for blacks and whites are similar. 2. There was a 12% increase in allograft survival in CsA treated cadaveric recipients compared to pre-CsA-treated recipients. Allograft survival in white recipients has increased 15% whereas for black recipients there was only a 5% improvement over the azathioprine-prednisone treatment group. 3. Overall, there was a significantly improved graft survival for primary transplants compared to retransplants. Renal allograft survival in black CsA treated recipients of primary transplants was significantly lower than in comparable whites, whereas there was no significant difference in graft survival between black and white recipients of retransplants. 4. Allograft survival rates in black and white recipients of kidneys from living-related donors were not significantly different from each other in either the non-CsA or the CsA immunotherapy group. 5. Overall there was improved allograft survival with increased matching for HLA-DR or B + DR compared to a zero match in CsA-treated recipients. Significantly, the effect of matching for HLA-DR or B + DR was seen only in white recipients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3154406 TI - Cyclosporine and trends in kidney transplantation. AB - 1. In the past 4 years there has been a definite trend to increase the number of first cadaver transplants using cyclosporine. In 1985, three fourths of the patients were treated with cyclosporine. 2. One-day, one-week, and one-month function data show that there is no increased nonfunction associated with the use of cyclosporine, and in those cases with a nonfunctioning kidney, one-year survival is higher with cyclosporine treatment compared with those patients who are not treated with cyclosporine. 3. Fewer patients treated with cyclosporine are transfused or A,B,DR matched compared with similar groups of noncyclosporine treated patients. 4. Since the advent of cyclosporine, more kidneys have been used locally and, in addition, ischemia times are lower for cadaver kidneys. In addition, more diabetics are being transplanted with better results. 5. Cyclosporine does not seem to have an effect in living-related transplants that are one- or two-haplotype matched. There may possibly be deleterious effects associated with living-related transplants and the use of cyclosporine. 6. Patient survival since 1972 has increased one to two percentage points each year to the present time. This increase in patient survival is probably associated with those factors that strongly influence graft outcome (i.e., patient care, transfusions, matching, and immunosuppressive therapy). PMID- 3154407 TI - Univariate and multivariate analyses of cadaver kidney graft survival data. AB - 1. Clinical data on 6632 first cadaver transplants performed since January 1983 were analyzed by multivariate (Cox regression) and univariate (life-table) methods. 2. Cox regression analysis showed blood transfusion, recipient's race, HLA mismatch, highest antibody, warm ischemia time, and cyclosporine treatment as significant factors affecting graft survival. 3. A comparison of survival curves predicted by Cox regression analysis and that by the life-table method showed close agreement between the two methods. 4. Cyclosporine was one of the most significant variables affecting graft survival. There was a 13% overall increase in one-year graft survival due to cyclosporine treatment. However, other factors were still significant; they have not become obsolete in the cyclosporine era. PMID- 3154408 TI - HLA matching in transfused, cyclosporine-treated patients at Oxford. PMID- 3154410 TI - Factors influencing the transfusion effect. AB - Pretransplant blood transfusions can improve kidney graft survival, but they risk sensitizing the patient. One transfusion induces the beneficial transfusion effect and has a minimal risk for sensitization. Recipients with different HLA-DR phenotypes may need different numbers of transfusions to improve graft survival. For nontransfused recipients it is important to receive a well-matched HLA-DR kidney. PMID- 3154409 TI - Transfusions and cadaver kidney transplants: the CTS data. PMID- 3154411 TI - HLA-DR associated immune responsiveness. AB - 1. HLA-DR1-positive recipients were found to enjoy superior graft survival when compared with DR1-negative patients (72.5% versus 66.5%, p less than 0.00001) in kidneys transplanted since 1980. These patients had the highest graft survival rates in first cadaver, cadaver regraft, and living-related donor transplants. This was seen with patients regardless of the degree of DR-antigen matching. Within one day of the transplant, this advantage of DR1 patients was detectable when graft function was examined. 2. In white recipients, DR1-positive patients had the best graft survival rates. In black recipients, DR1-positive recipients also had the best graft survival rate; however, DR4-positive recipients also had very good graft survival. Whether or not these patients represent a unique population is unclear at this time. 3. In kidneys transplanted since 1983, DR1 positive patients again had the best graft survival rates. This was the case with and without the use of CsA for immunosuppression. DRw9-positive patients had the poorest graft survival rate (52%) in patients without CsA and the best survival rate (84%) of patients treated with CsA; however, because of the low number of patients, these survival rates were not significantly different from the average. 4. In the analysis of transplants performed since 1980, no association between the DRw6 antigen and low graft survival was noted. When the analysis was restricted to grafts transplanted since 1983, DRw6-positive recipients had the poorest graft survival rates. This was true both with and without the use of CsA. No beneficial effect of DRw6 in the kidney donor was seen regardless of the recipient's DR type. PMID- 3154413 TI - Sensitization effect. AB - 1. Approximately 15% of males were sensitized by transfusions before their first grafts. About 40% of females were sensitized by pregnancies and transfusions. Following graft rejection about 60% of males and females were sensitized. 2. The one-year graft survival of nonsensitized and sensitized patients differed by 4 to 7% in first, second, and third transplants. The difference developed very early and even on the first day after transplantation. 3. Patients with a high peak level of antibody tended to have lower graft survival, particularly in regrafted patients. If the peak level of antibody was under 50% panel reactive antibody, graft survival was the same as in patients who never had preformed cytotoxins. 4. Parous women without transfusions and no preformed antibodies had a 49% one-year graft survival with no transfusions and 71% with transfusions. Similar findings were noted in regrafted parous women and those with preformed antibodies. Thus, pregnancy exerted a deleterious effect which was reversed by transfusions. 5. Between the best and worst HLA-A,B,DR match there was a 19% difference in one year graft survival for nonsensitized patients, and a 26% difference in patients sensitized to more than 50% of the panel. A similar difference was noted in regrafted patients for sensitized and highly sensitized patients. 6. Transfusions had a greater effect on the outcome of transplantation than the state of sensitization. First cadaver donor patients without transfusions and without antibodies had a one-year graft survival of 57% whereas patients with more than 50% panel reactive antibodies had graft survival of 59 to 71%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154412 TI - No difference in outcome between 314 nontransfused and 614 transfused cadaveric renal transplant recipients: the Scandinavian experience. AB - Pretransplant blood transfusions had no beneficial effect on the graft survival rate, the rejection frequency, or the quality of graft function in a case material consisting of 928 cadaveric kidney transplant recipients treated with 3 different CsA dose protocols. When younger recipients, PRA-negative recipients, or recipients receiving poorly HLA-matched kidneys were analyzed separately, there was still no transfusion effect. In the most recent series, the one-year graft survival rate was 84% among 164 nontransfused patients, and in 73 nontransfused patients under 50 years of age it was 90%. We conclude that with present day immunosuppressive therapy, based on CsA, there is no case for pretreatment blood transfusions. Indeed, this practice might place the renal transplant patient at a disadvantage. PMID- 3154414 TI - In defense of organ sharing in kidney transplantation. AB - 1. The risks associated with nonbeneficial matching constitute a persistent hazard to the transplant over a long period. 2. The benefits of HLA matching and CsA are separate and additive. 3. There is no evidence that beneficial matching is not relevant to all (UK) centers. 4. Contemporary typing methods are expected to improve the accuracy of typing and reduce kidney cold-ischemia times. 5. Organ sharing increases the numbers of beneficial matches. 6. Patients with easily matchable ABO-HLA phenotypes should wait for beneficially matched transplants. 7. Patients with phenotypes that are difficult to match should be intelligently mismatched after due consideration of responder status, acceptable mismatches, and cross-reactive groups. 8. Organ sharing does not prejudice graft survival. 9. Wastage is minimized with a central clearing house. 10. Organ sharing reduces the incidence of high sensitization. 11. Organ sharing is cost effective. For these reasons we repudiate the view that organ sharing is now superfluous. PMID- 3154415 TI - Donor-specific transfusion. AB - 1. Since 1982, approximately 25% of recipients with living donor grafts were treated with DST. 2. With DST the one-year graft survival was 95% with HLA identical siblings, 86% with parental donors, 92% with offspring, 87% with one haplotype different siblings, and 85% with zero-haplotype different siblings. These rates were 2 to 11% higher than with comparable non-DST transplants. 3. At 3 years the parental donor transplants with more than three DST had the highest survival rate of 82% followed by greater than 3 RDT with a 76% survival rate which was considerably higher than the 3-year survival of 63% in nontransfused parental donor grafts. 4. The 3-year survival rate of DST HLA-identical sibling donor grafts was 83% but randomly transfused patients had a 90% 3-year survival in contrast to 79% in patients without transfusions. 5. Cyclosporine treatment did not significantly improve graft survival in parental donor grafts except in the zero transfusion group (from 73 to 85% at one year). Sibling donor and HLA identical donor grafts were improved slightly by cyclosporine treatment. PMID- 3154416 TI - Current problems in cardiac transplantation. AB - In conclusion, after almost 20 years of clinical application and due to much progress during that time by the pioneers of the method, cardiac transplantation is now a safe and reliable treatment for patients in intractable cardiac failure untreatable by other medical or surgical means. Several challenging problems remain to be resolved by the many active and excellent centers now engaged in this promising field. PMID- 3154417 TI - Crossmatching with B and T cells and flow cytometry. AB - 1. Hyperacute rejections occurred in 0.6% of 19,415 first cadaver donor grafts and 1.9% of 4,326 regrafts. When grouped into those without preformed cytotoxins, 0.5% first grafts and 1.3% of regrafts had hyperacute rejection. Among patients with cytotoxins 1.3% of first grafts and 2.6% of regrafts had hyperacute rejections. 2. A total of 923 first cadaver donor transplants and 238 multiple transplants were crossmatched by 6 variations of microcytotoxicity tests: standard, long 4-hour incubation, B lymphocytes at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C and T lymphocytes at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C. All crossmatching was done in one laboratory. 3. For first cadaver donor transplants, 178 patients with long positive crossmatches and 56 patients with T warm positive crossmatches had a significantly lower survival rate than crossmatch negative patients. Those with short positive (weak), B warm, B cold, and T cold positive crossmatches had the same graft survival as crossmatch negative patients. 4. In regrafted patients from cadaver donors those with a short and T warm positive crossmatches had lower graft survival than crossmatch negative patients. 5. Preformed T warm cytotoxins were associated with lower graft survival in first grafts and B warm cytotoxins were associated with lower graft survival in regrafts. 6. Eight patients with T warm positive crossmatches were successfully transplanted (function at 3 months) after they were shown to have IgM antibodies removable by 2-ME treatment. 7. A total of 136 patients were tested by FCXM at the time of transplant on a retrospective basis. Although all patients were crossmatch negative by the T warm tests, 24 were FCXM positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154418 TI - Long-term survival of kidney allografts. AB - 1. Late graft loss rates did not improve substantially in patients with functioning grafts one or 5 years posttransplant when compared with all patients in pre-CsA kidney transplants. Graft loss rates were the same for recipients of first and regraft transplants involving cadaver donors after the first year posttransplant. 2. Long-term graft survival rates have not improved over the years to any great degree, in contrast to one-year rates. 3. The long-term patient survival rates have improved dramatically over the years for both cadaver and living donor transplants. 4. In recent transplants, zero HLA-A,B mismatched grafts appear to have an advantage in terms of long-term graft survival both with and without CsA immunosuppression. Matching for HLA-DR alone did not influence long-term graft survival rates. 5. In cadaver donor grafts, those with zero mismatches for HLA-B,DR or HLA-A,B,DR antigens had the highest long-term graft survival rates, particularly with transplants involving CsA. 6. From these long term projections, it would seem that histocompatibility continues to exert a major influence on transplants in the CsA era. Only living-related donor or well matched cadaver donor transplants appear likely to have high long-term graft survival rates. PMID- 3154419 TI - Regraft kidney transplant survival. AB - The salient features of one-year regraft transplant survival are as follows: 1. The effect of cyclosporine is less (about 7% increase in one-year graft survival) on regrafted patients than on first grafts. 2. In general we saw a HLA antigen matching effect in cyclosporine- and noncyclosporine-treated retransplant patients. 3. Patients who received living-related HLA two-haplotype matched kidneys did equally as well as a first or regraft recipient. 4. Transfusions seemed to have a minimal effect on regraft survival. 5. It is more important to match in patients who have PRA and the matching benefits translate into 61% and 75% one-year graft survival for zero DR and zero B,DR mismatched regraft patients, respectively. 6. In regrafts, female donor kidneys resulted in 15% lower one-year graft survival than male donor kidneys. 7. Retransplant patients from fair centers showed a significant 13% increase in one-year graft survival with cyclosporine. 8. Cold ischemia time, diabetes, and kidneys used locally or shipped had little effect on the regraft one-year survival. 9. The initial function of the retransplant kidney had a very large effect on the final one-year graft outcome of that kidney and was independent of the use of cyclosporine patients having a functioning kidney at one month had 75% and 72% one-year regraft survival with and without cyclosporine treatment, respectively. Patients having a nonfunctioning kidney at one month had 5% and 8% one-year regraft survival with and without cyclosporine treatment, respectively. 10. Responder and nonresponder classifications as defined by the duration of the first graft resulted in a 10 to 15% difference in regraft survival. 11. The effect of HLA-A,B matching was very strong in responder patients, i.e., there was a 32% difference in one-year regraft survival between zero mismatch and more than two antigens of mismatch. In nonresponder patients, the effect of HLA-A,B matching was only 5%. For HLA-DR locus matching, the difference was 12% for responders and 6% for nonresponders. 12. Cyclosporine use showed about a 10% increase in graft survival in responders and nonresponders. 13. Responder classification was also possible by separating patients who had initial function but no function at one month (responders) from those with function at one month (nonresponders). PMID- 3154420 TI - The transfusion effect. AB - 1. Pretransplant blood transfusions improved the survival of first cadaver donor renal allografts by 10% at one year in CsA-treated recipients. 2. Pretransplant transfusions improved the survival of living-related donor transplants as well. HLA-identical sibling grafts had a 5% higher graft survival rate in transfused than nontransfused patients. Living-related donor transplants in one haplotype mismatched combinations had a 10% higher one-year graft survival rate in transfused recipients. One-year graft survival in nontransfused recipients of one haplotype-mismatched sibling transplants was 75%, a result slightly lower than that for CsA-treated first cadaver donor recipients. 3. Transfusions given prior to retransplantation did not improve survival of the second graft. As patients who have previously rejected a transplant are at high risk of sensitization, blood transfusions should be avoided if possible. 4. For black recipients, transfusions improved one-year cadaver graft outcome by 17%. The effect was smaller in white recipients (8%), but significant nevertheless. One-year graft survival was 55% in nontransfused blacks and 68% in nontransfused whites. The impact of recipient race on the transfusion effect may explain some of the discrepancies between the UCLA and European registries on the magnitude of the transfusion effect. 5. Even centers with high overall success rates with cadaver donor transplants had poor graft survival in nontransfused recipients. The transfusion effect cannot be explained simply as a reflection of center performance. 6. The number of transfusions required to see an improvement in graft survival was small. Even a single transfusion significantly improved graft outcome in male and nulliparous female recipients. Since the risk of sensitization increased with multiple transfusions, large numbers of unnecessary transfusions should be avoided. 7. There may be alternatives to transfusion for those patients unwilling or unable to accept blood products and for patients at high risk of sensitization (parous females) as a result of transfusion. HLA matching resulted in high survival rates among nontransfused recipients. PMID- 3154421 TI - The NIDDK liver transplantation database. PMID- 3154422 TI - Preservation. AB - 1. Cyclosporine treatment did not increase nonfunction for one month, delayed function, or first-day nonfunction in comparison with noncyclosporine-treated patients. Despite almost equivalent initial poor function rates, cyclosporine treated patients had a higher one-year graft survival rate than noncyclosporine treated patients. Thus, unlike many other factors, cyclosporine did not have its main effect during first-month function. 2. In regrafts there was a higher incidence of one-month and one-day nonfunction. However, these poor-function categories were not significantly increased in cyclosporine-treated patients. 3. Warm ischemia longer than 10 minutes increased the rate of first-day nonfunction and delayed function. 4. Cold ischemia longer than 36 hours increased the rate of first-day nonfunction, delayed function, and one-month nonfunction. Cyclosporine treated patients with 36 to 48 hours cold ischemia had a one-year graft survival rate of 76% compared with 68% for those with kidneys preserved longer than 48 hours. 5. One-year graft survival rates were similar for machine- and cold preserved kidneys if cyclosporine was used, although machine preservation led to slightly less early poor function. 6. Cyclosporine had a beneficial effect for first grafts and regrafts preserved by cold storage. However, it had an adverse effect in machine-preserved kidneys for regrafts. 7. In cyclosporine-treated patients, kidneys with delayed function had a higher (3% at one year) survival rate than those with immediate function. This was reversed in noncyclosporine treated patients where immediate-function kidneys had a 6% higher one-year graft survival rate than those with delayed function. The same relationships held for regrafts. 8. Cyclosporine improved the one-year graft survival of delayed function grafts by 21% in first grafts and 12% in regrafts. For kidneys which immediately functioned, cyclosporine therapy increased the one-year graft survival rate by 11% for first grafts and 3% for regrafts. Thus, cyclosporine appears to have a greater influence on kidneys with delayed function than on those with immediate function. 9. The incidence of kidneys that did not function for one month was higher (15%) in regraft patients than in first graft patients (8%). The frequency of delayed function was approximately the same for regrafts and first grafts. Thus, the main difference between first and regrafted patients occurs in the higher incidence of kidneys that never functioned among regrafted patients. PMID- 3154423 TI - HLA matching effects. AB - 1. Transplants without A,B mismatches that had good early function (grade A at 3 months) had a strikingly lower long-term failure rate (equivalently, longer half life) than transplants that had poor early function. This was found in HLA identical sibling donor transplants as well as in cadaver donor grafts. The same superiority was observed in parent donor grafts although the number of zero mismatch grafts in this group was too small to permit a sensitive analysis. In cadaver donor grafts, zero A,B mismatch transplants had a longer half-life than mismatched grafts in both early function groups in first transplants but only in the poorer early function group in regrafts. These results were based on transplants done from 1970 to 1979; there was not enough experience with DR-typed grafts for their inclusion into a similar analysis. This finding does not at present have consequences for recipient selection. The finding would have consequences if an association of early function with matching at another system (e.g., Lewis) or with some assessable non-responsiveness were to be shown. 2. The Excess Match Index (EMI), defined as number of matches less number of mismatches, was shown to be associated with graft survival. It was shown that within groups defined by number of mismatches, survival tended to be greater if the number of matches were more; likewise, within groups defined by number of matches, survival tended to be greater if the number of mismatches was less. The within-match group and within-mismatch group comparisons were based on small numbers of transplants and the corresponding findings are not firmly established. The potential significance of the index, which follows from the finer gradation of the extent of matching, is that it may supply a useful basis for priority schemes for selection of recipients, particularly in donor sharing programs. 3. A recipient selection scheme based on the EMI applied to DR matching was evaluated in a simulation study with the result that most of the gains from DR matching could be obtained with relatively small recipient pools. Nearly all of the gain was achieved by a pool size of 400 (pool size for ABO-identical recipients) and most of the gain could be achieved with smaller pools. The result is encouraging since it indicates that much of the gain from HLA matching can probably be achieved with practically attainable size recipient pools. It was important that the priority scheme not lead to a distribution of phenotypes in the pool that differs substantially from the population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154424 TI - Original disease of the recipient. AB - 1. The influence that a patient's original disease had on the outcome of kidney transplantation was small when recent transplants (1983 to present) were examined. A difference of only 5% was seen in one-year graft survivals of first cadaver donors. The average one-year survival was 70%; patients with pylonephritis having the best (75%) and SLE patients the worst (65%) survival rates among the major disease categories. 2. There was little difference observed in patient survivals or functional graft survivals in first cadaver transplants among patients with different original diseases. This was also the case with cadaver regrafts; with the exception of polycystic kidney patients who had quite poor graft survival (41% at one year) with regrafts. Pretransplant blood transfusions resulted in increased cadaver graft survival; however the low number of nontransfused patients in many disease categories presented difficulties in examining this effect. 3. The use of cyclosporine resulted in increased cadaver graft survival in all disease categories. One-year cadaver graft survival of cyclosporine-treated patients averaged 75% compared to 63% with noncyclosporine treated patients. A beneficial effect of cyclosporine use was not consistently seen in transplants involving living-related donors, although perhaps larger numbers of patients are required in order to confirm this observation. 4. Graft survival in diabetic patients was quite good in this analysis of recent transplants. First cadaver one-year graft survival in diabetics was only 4% below the overall average and 2% less with cyclosporine. Patients with both juvenile (75% one-year graft survival) and adult-onset (78% one-year graft survival) forms of the disease had good graft survival when cyclosporine was used for immunosuppression. PMID- 3154425 TI - The nature of shared kidneys. AB - 1. Sharing for histocompatibility is underutilized. 2. Sharing results in more transplants with long cold ischemic time. 3. Early graft function does not appear to be adversely affected by sharing and the attendant longer cold ischemic time. 4. Panel reactive antibody levels are not being utilized as a criterion for sharing. 5. Blood type and HLA-DR type do not significantly influence sharing. PMID- 3154426 TI - Early graft function. AB - 1. The average serum creatinine level during the first 20 days after transplantation was lower in HLA-identical siblings than in parental donor transplants, suggesting an early effect of histocompatibility. 2. In rather small numbers of patients, the daily average serum creatinine values were not different with HLA-DR mismatching and HLA-B,DR mismatching, but were lower in the better matched transplants for the HLA-A,B loci and the HLA-A,B,DR loci. 3. The average serum creatinine values in the first 20 days after transplantation were correlated with the one-year graft survival rates. Those patients with serum creatinine levels less than 2.4 mg/dl had one-year graft survival rates of over 80% compared with those with serum creatinine levels above 7.5 mg/dl after the first week who had one-year graft survival rates about 30% less. Intermediate serum creatinine values yielded intermediate one-year graft survival rates. 4. The cyclosporine dosage in the first month after transplantation varied considerably among the four centers studied here. These values were not directly correlated with the one-year graft survival rate, average serum creatinine levels or cumulative rejection rates in this preliminary examination. 5. Patients who rejected transplants 11 to 60 days posttransplant had been given lower cyclosporine dosages than those who rejected early or who had no rejections. 6. Although firm conclusions cannot be drawn from the small numbers of patients encompassed in this study, we hope the potential value of this type of analysis will be realized. PMID- 3154427 TI - The center effect. AB - 1. Transplant centers were grouped according to one-year graft survival rates of first cadaver transplant recipients treated with CsA. Not surprisingly, the major differences among center groups were associated with the success achieved with CsA in both patient and graft survival. Centers with the poorest survival rates were those with the least improvement over azathioprine and prednisone immunosuppression. 2. There was a definite "learning curve" associated with improvements using CsA immunosuppression for excellent and good centers. Fair centers have yet to see a significant improvement in graft survival overall with CsA. 3. Survival rates for living-related transplants varied little among the center groups, suggesting that most centers do equally well with low-risk transplants. 4. Pretransplant risk factors such as HLA matching, sensitization status, age, sex, and race of the recipients, and ischemia times varied little among the center groups. The center effect cannot be explained by recipient demographic risk factors. PMID- 3154428 TI - The NIDDK liver transplantation database. PMID- 3154429 TI - HLA matching and kidney graft survival: a review. PMID- 3154430 TI - Racial effect on kidney transplants. AB - A Donor race effect 1. In 15 consecutive years from 1971 to 1986, grafts from white donors had a higher graft survival rate than from black donors. 2. The one year graft survival rate of transplants from white donors was 76.1% compared with 65.6% from black donors (p less than 0.0001) in the period of 1984 to 1987. 3. When analyzed in 3 periods of 1971 to 1980, 1981 to 1983, and 1984 to the present, the higher graft survival rate for white donors compared with black donors was highly significant (p less than 0.0007) in all 3 periods. 4. This difference in survival rates from white and black donors disappeared completely when corrected for center category. Within each category of excellent, good, and fair centers, the survival rate was the same for grafts from white and black donors. The proportion of black-to-white donors was low at the excellent centers and high at the fair centers. 5. We therefore conclude that the donor race effect had been produced by more black donors being utilized at the poorer centers. Once this was corrected, no donor race effect was seen. B. Recipient race effect. 1. In 15 consecutive years from 1971 to 1986, white recipients had a higher graft survival than black recipients. 2. In the period of 1984 to the present, the one year graft survival was 76.4% for white recipients compared with 69.3% in black recipients (p less than 0.0001). 3. In all 3 periods as given above for the donor race effect, white recipients had a superior survival rate which was highly significant (p less than 0.0001). 4. White recipients had a higher survival rate within all 3 categories of transplant centers. At the fair centers, the one-year graft survival was 72.8% for white recipients and 57.3% for black recipients (p = 0.0004). 5. The overall one-year graft survival of white recipients was 80.5% as compared with 69.5% for black recipients, an 11% difference. Since a higher proportion of black recipients is transplanted at the poorer centers, the corrected one-year graft survival is 74.1%. Thus, the difference of 6.4% is attributed to the recipient race effect and the remaining 4.6% to the center effect. 6. When the 3 categories of centers were examined for various factors, it was noted that black and white recipients had similar cold and warm ischemia times and donor age kidneys and were similar in recipient age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3154431 TI - Blood transfusion and kidney graft survival: a review. PMID- 3154432 TI - Cyclosporine and kidney graft survival: a review. PMID- 3154433 TI - Eurotransplant. Part I. Organizational aspects. PMID- 3154435 TI - Kidney transplantation and donor-recipient ages. AB - 1. With CsA treatment there has been an increase in procurement of older kidneys and transplantation of older recipients. 2. Recipient age shows a 5% difference in graft survival between the best and the worst. In contrast, donor age shows a 16% difference in graft survival. 3. Female donor kidneys have a poor prognosis that is not completely associated with early function. This may indicate increasing dysfunction between one month and one year. 4. The drop in serum creatinine levels is directly proportional to recipient age. In zero- to 10-year old recipients the rapid serum creatinine drop may be due to the transplantation of a normal size kidney into a small recipient. 5. Matching is strongly indicated for recipients receiving kidneys from young or old donors. 6. Transfusion is indicated for all groups and particularly for young donors and recipients. 7. Ten year functional graft survival indicates decreasing immunocompetence with increasing recipient age. Ten-year graft survival with different aged donors indicates high risk with young and old donors. PMID- 3154434 TI - Effect of sex on kidney transplants. AB - 1. In 9 yearly cohorts from 1978 to 1986, male and female recipients had the same one-year graft survival rates for first cadaver donor grafts. For regrafts, female recipients had superior survival in 2 out of the 9 years. 2. In contrast, in the same 9 yearly cohorts, female donor first cadaver grafts had a lower survival than male donors in 8 out of the 9 comparisons, although the difference was not statistically significant. For regrafts for the last 5 years, in 4 different years females had a statistically significant lower graft survival rate compared to males. 3. The lower survival rate of female donor kidneys was especially evident in the CsA-treated regrafted patients, although a similar tendency was noted also in non-CsA-treated regraft patients. 4. Grafts from females older than 30 years had the lower survival rate in the regrafted patients. 5. The depressed survival effect of female donor kidneys was not affected by the recipient's sex or original disease. 6. Female donors kidneys from either trauma or nontrauma donors yielded lower survival rates. Thus, the cause of death in the donor is probably not the principal explanation for the donor sex effect. Since males more often die from trauma, it was initially thought that the sex effect could be attributed to the difference in mode of death of the donor. 7. Regrafts from living-related female donors who differ by one HLA haplotype had a lower regraft survival rate than grafts from male donors. 8. It is unlikely that a sex-associated histocompatibility antigen exists in the clinical kidney transplant situation since females who received 2 grafts from male donors had a statistically significant superior survival to females who received 2 successive grafts from female donors. Thus, rejection of a male graft by a female does not sensitize the recipient to a second male graft, and second female grafts when the first was a female result in a lower graft survival. 9. Poor mismatches for HLA-A, B, or DR antigens were more deleterious with female donors than male donors. With CsA, the lower regraft survival with female donors was statistically significant in all categories of DR mismatches. 10. Transfusions did not influence the donor sex effect. The level of panel reactive antibody also did not affect the lower survival of female donor kidneys. 11. The donor sex effect was apparent in first grafts and regrafts even one month after transplantation. PMID- 3154436 TI - Original disease of the recipient. AB - 1. The use of CsA in cadaver donor transplants has apparently overcome the effect of original disease one-year graft survival rates. Only SLE patients had lower than average graft survival rates in CsA-treated, first transplants. 2. Since 1970, the proportion of diabetics transplanted has increased tenfold. The proportions of transplants for glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis have decreased over the years. 3. A beneficial effect of pretransplant blood transfusions, was observed in almost all of the disease groups. 4. HLA matching, particularly for HLA-B, DR antigens, has resulted in increased graft survival rates in the major disease categories. Small numbers of zero mismatched grafts prevented a more detailed analysis. 5. Whereas CsA consistently enhanced graft survival rates for first cadaver transplants, this drug had a much smaller effect in living donor transplants. A 14% increase was seen in cadaver donor transplants due to CsA, compared to 2% (siblings), 1% (parent), and 4% (child) for the living donor grafts. PMID- 3154437 TI - HLA-DR1 is a low responsiveness antigen in human kidney transplant recipients. AB - 1. HLA-DR1 recipient phenotype showed increased overall and yearly graft survival. 2. Regraft and living-related HLA-DR1 recipients were found to have better graft survival. 3. Increased graft survival associated with the HLA-DR1 recipient phenotype was found in both CsA-and non-CsA-treated recipients. 4. Increased graft survival in HLA-DR1 recipient phenotypes was found within all matching groups. 5. HLA-DR1 phenotype was associated with low immunoresponsiveness. 6. HLA-DR1 donor kidneys when mismatched in the recipient were found to have lower graft survival. PMID- 3154438 TI - Sensitization after transplantation. AB - 1. Out of 122 sera from patients who had rejected a kidney transplant, 82% had cytotoxic antibodies to HLA. These antibodies were present in about equal frequency regardless of when the graft was rejected. Twelve patients who had rejected their grafts after 5-15 years also produced clear HLA antibodies. 2. The HLA antibodies were not directed to all the mismatches of the donor, but rather appeared to be against a few of the specificities. Thus the graft could have been rejected by a response directed at a few major determinants. Antibodies to some antigens were not detected at all. 3. Some patients produced their HLA antibodies many months after the rejection of their first graft. PMID- 3154439 TI - Regrafts. AB - 1. One-year patient survival rates improved markedly year by year for regrafted kidney patients reaching 93% in 1986, as compared with 96% in first grafts. 2. The graft survival rate of regrafts also showed steady improvement, but was not benefited by the introduction of CsA as much as in first grafts. One-year graft survival rate was 63% for regrafts in 1986. 3. The functional graft survival was higher with advancing recipient age in first grafts, but remained essentially constant regardless of age in regrafts. We interpret this to mean that older patients have depressed immunologic capability to reject first grafts, but those immunized patients by rejecting a first graft have undiminished reactivity. 4. A high graft survival rate of 68% at one-year was observed for patients who had been sensitized before their first transplant but lost their antibodies before the second transplant. One-year graft survival of those who were not sensitized before both first and second grafts was 60%. 5. The duration of first grafts significantly influences the outcome of second grafts (p less than 0.00001). The highest graft survival was obtained in recipients who had functioning first grafts for more than 2 years (69% at one year), followed by those for recipients whose grafts had functioned for one to 2 years, 6-12 months, and 3-6 months. Patients who lost their first grafts within 3 months had the lowest graft survival rate (44% at one year). 6. The time interval had an influence on the outcome of second grafts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154440 TI - The flow cytometry crossmatch in kidney transplantation. AB - 1. Positive FCXM reactions were associated with sensitization in transplants with negative cytotoxic crossmatches. Recipients of regrafts, females, particularly those with previous pregnancies, and recipients with historical cytotoxic antibody reactivity were more likely to have FCXM detectable antibodies. 2. Primary nonfunction grafts were associated with a positive FCXM, but predominantly in those transplants involving female, older, or nontrauma donors. Nearly 40% of the FCXM positive transplants of these organs did not function during the first month posttransplant 3. Low 3-month graft survival rates were associated with a positive FCXM reaction, but once again this was seen with female, older, and nontrauma donor transplants. In addition, approximately 40% of FCXM positive transplants involving older or nontrauma donors that did survive had poor graft function at 3 months. PMID- 3154441 TI - Kidney preservation. AB - 1. Machine preservation yielded better early graft function than simple cold storage of cadaver donor kidneys with more than 24 hours of CIT. However, there was no difference in one-year graft survival rates comparing machine and cold storage preservation regardless of CIT. 2. The percentage of kidneys that functioned immediately posttransplant progressively decreased from 65% with up to 5 minutes WIT to 45% with more than 20 minutes WIT. One-year graft survival rates fell from 80% with zero WIT to 72% with more than 20 minutes WIT. There was no clear effect of WIT in regrafted patients. 3. Although CIT had no apparent effect on one-year graft survival, the rate of graft loss after the first year was nearly double for kidneys with more than 48 hours CIT. This long-term effect of CIT was evident whether all patients transplanted since 1976 were considered or only CsA-treated patients. The increase in late graft loss was evident in kidneys stored more than 36 hours if the recipient received CsA. PMID- 3154442 TI - Donor factors. AB - 1. Kidneys from female donors between the ages of 31 and 50 had consistently poorer graft survival rates than kidneys from male donors or younger female donors. 2. Sensitized first cadaver kidney recipients of older female donor kidneys had a one-year graft survival rate of 65% as compared with 82% in recipients of young male donor grafts (p less than 0.001). Retransplanted recipients of older female donor grafts had a one-year graft survival rate of 48% as compared with 70% in recipients of young male donor kidneys (p less than 0.001). 3. The effects on graft survival of donor age and sex were considerably greater than the effect of cold ischemia in excess of 36 hours. 4. The cause of donor death was a risk factor for sensitized and regraft recipients. In data from 45 transplant centers, sensitized first transplant recipients of nontrauma donor kidneys had a one-year graft survival rate of 67% versus 78% (p = NS) for recipients of trauma donor kidneys. Regraft recipients of nontrauma donor grafts had a one-year graft survival rate of 55% versus 67% (p less than 0.05) for recipients of trauma donor kidneys. 5. The cause of donor death effect and the effects of donor age and sex may be related as older female donors accounted for 37% of nontrauma donors and only 7% of trauma donors were older females. 6. A surprisingly high percentage of older female (6%) and nontrauma donor kidneys (3%) failed on the first day posttransplant in regrafted patients. A very sensitive crossmatch may help reduce the number of immediate failures. 7. HLA matching improved graft survival of female donor kidneys to a greater extent than male donor kidneys in regrafted patients. With zero or one mismatch at HLA-B,DR there was no difference in one-year graft survival between male and female donor kidneys. In first cadaver transplants, the difference in graft survival between older female and young male donor grafts was minimized by very good matching. Matching also abrogated the donor sex and age effects in living-related donor transplants. 8. Sensitized patients and patients who have previously rejected a kidney should be given priority for young male trauma donor organs when these become available. PMID- 3154444 TI - Early graft function. AB - 1. Most of the first rejections occurred between the first and third weeks after transplantation, with the peak at 7 days. 2. Average serum creatinine values of 2 mg/dl were achieved in 2 days for living-related donor transplants. Cadaver donor grafts reached an average of 4 mg/dl by the tenth day, but in patients without rejection serum creatinine values of almost 2 mg/dl were achieved. 3. Cadaver donor grafts with cold ischemia times less than 12 hours led to the best early serum creatinine values. Cold ischemia times up to 48 hours and possibly beyond led to slightly higher creatinine levels but did not produce damage in proportion to the cold ischemia time. 4. Patients who were sensitized to more than 50% of the panel showed evidence of sensitization by having higher serum creatinine levels from one week to 3 weeks. 5. Even in the first few days after transplantation with a cadaver donor, black recipients had a higher serum creatinine than white recipients. The donor's race did not have a marked effect. 6. CsA doses given to cadaver donor recipients were about 2-4 mg/kg higher than living-related donor transplants. Patients experiencing a rejection episode were found to have been treated with about 1 mg/kg more than those without rejections. The corresponding blood levels of CsA were higher in the cadaver donor grafts and those with rejections. 7. Early serum creatinine levels were very strongly correlated with the one-year graft survival rate. Even one day after transplantation, the difference between patients with the best and worst one-day serum creatinine levels was as much as 30% in the one-year graft survival rate. At 2 weeks, the group with the best serum creatinine had a one-year survival rate that was 50 percentage points higher than the worst creatinine group. At one month, the best serum creatinine group had a one-year survival rate that was about 80 percentage points higher than the worst serum creatinine group. 8. Patients with high CsA levels of over 400 ng/ml in the early one-month posttransplant period, had poorer one-year graft survival than those with lower levels. The optimum level appeared to be less than 100 ng/ml by the tenth day and about 100-200 ng/ml to the third week posttransplant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3154445 TI - Standardization of HLA through an international cell exchange. AB - 1. In a series of 131 monthly distributions of lymphocytes from 4 persons each, tissue typing done on a blind basis of 486 persons was examined for a 12-year period. The number of participating laboratories was initially 85 and 285 in 1987. 2. It was found that 21 HLA-A,B specificities could be identified by 95 100% of the laboratories. An additional 19 specificities were correctly identified by 80-94%. Less than 80% concordance was found for 27 specificities. 3. All of the 4 new specificities assigned by the WHO committee in 1987 were identified previously by the cell exchange. 4. We conclude that this ongoing program aids tissue typing laboratories throughout the world to standardize their typing reagents, to detect new specificities, to monitor progress in international dissemination of the key sera for antigen definition, and to evaluate the state of development of tissue typing to applications in kidney transplantation. PMID- 3154443 TI - The Denver-Pittsburgh liver transplant series. AB - Liver transplantation is now the preferred treatment for many diseases leading to end-stage liver disease. Transplantation for cancer has been disappointing and there is a significant recurrence rate after transplantation in hepatitis B-virus carriers. Additional strategies will have to be developed if we are to improve the results of transplantation for these patients. The role of immunological factors in liver transplantation continues to reveal significant differences from their role in renal transplantation and will continue to be an interesting area of study for years to come. PMID- 3154447 TI - Kidney transplants in the United Kingdom. PMID- 3154446 TI - Transfusion, HLA, and cyclosporine in kidney transplantation. PMID- 3154448 TI - Liver transplantation: the recent Cambridge-King's College Hospital experience. PMID- 3154449 TI - Experience of the New England Organ Bank. PMID- 3154450 TI - The Los Angeles Transplant Society. AB - For some 20 years a coordinated arrangement for sharing cadaver organs has been in place in Southern California. It's 11 transplant centers have performed 4,947 kidney transplants from 7,480 referred donors. There were 430 transplants done in 1985. The policy has been to keep one kidney and share the other within the pool. This has resulted in a better than average level of matching for HLA, and an overall better than average graft survival. The graft survival rates at the centers have been increasing yearly. Much of the improvement in graft survival resulted from the introduction of cyclosporine, but a summation of many factors contributed to a steady yearly increase. There are some 600 patients waiting for transplantation. With greater efforts in procurement of cadaver kidneys, especially from minorities, and continued collaboration between the transplant centers, it should become possible to transplant all those who are in need of a kidney. PMID- 3154451 TI - Report of the International Pancreas Transplant Registry. PMID- 3154452 TI - The cadaver kidney transplant program of North Italy before and after cyclosporine. AB - NITp is an organization that since 1972 has served an area of approximately 17 million inhabitants through 8 transplant centers, 20 active donor-procuring centers, and 1 coordinating center. The activity of NITp can be divided into three historical periods. In the first period (1972-1977, 408 transplants), collaboration was initiated and protocols implemented. In the second (1978-1982, 592 transplants), a policy was established as follows: three deliberate transfusions of standard packed red cells were given pretransplant to all untransfused patients on the waiting list. Priority was given to immunized patients when an HLA-A, -B-compatible kidney was available and an effort was made to ensure at least two HLA-A, -B matches to nonimmunized patients. All transplanted patients were treated with conventional therapy (corticosteroids and azathioprine). Evaluation of data of this period showed that both graft and patient survival had increased; a center effect was evident; the policy of giving a kidney with at least two HLA-A, -B matches seemed to improve the results; and preformed panel-reacting antibodies had a negative effect on graft survival. The third period began in January 1983 when some centers in the NITp started to use CsA. By December 31, 1985, 589 of 863 transplants performed had been treated with CsA. Data analysis showed that CsA significantly increased the one-year success rate in both first and second transplants; other factors, such as HLA-A, -B and DR matching, transplant center, old age of the kidney donor (51-60 years), and cold and warm ischemia times seemed less or not important. Preformed panel reacting lymphocytotoxic antibodies did not influence graft outcome significantly, but a trend was observed in that immunized recipients did worse than non-immunized recipients. The transfusion effect could not be evaluated in our CsA patients since they all are transfused pretransplant; a prospective study is necessary to evaluate if such an effect is still present. Until more data are collected in our setting to allow a sound evaluation of the consequences of CsA treatment, no changes are warranted in the NITp policy. PMID- 3154453 TI - Heart transplantation--Stanford experience. AB - Heart transplantation has evolved from an experimental procedure with minimally acceptable results to a therapeutic option for patients with end-stage heart disease. Since 1968, 429 patients have undergone cardiac transplantation at Stanford. The recipient diagnosis was cardiomyopathy in 205 patients, coronary artery disease in 188, and valvular heart disease in 20 patients. The age range was 5 months to 60 years with equal survival among children and adults. Immunosuppression included a 3-drug protocol of CsA, azathioprine, and prednisone. The current one- and 5-year survival is 83% and 55%, respectively. A totally implantable electrically driven left ventricular assist device (Novacor) has been implanted in 6 patients as a "bridge-to-transplantation." Four patients received cardiac transplants after a mean support period of 7 days (range 2.0 16.5 days). Of the four transplanted patients, 3 (75%) are alive at 32, 11, and 4 months. With improved immunosuppression and standardized protocols, heart transplantation has been successfully employed by many centers. The number of heart transplants has risen from 103 in 1982 to 719 in 1985. Undoubtedly, due to the expanding number of centers, future issues will include distribution of donors and minimal acceptable standards for heart transplantation centers. PMID- 3154454 TI - Report of the Pancreas Transplant Registry. PMID- 3154455 TI - HLA-matching in cyclosporine treated renal transplant recipients: a prospective Swedish-Norwegian multicenter study. AB - 1. In this prospective study of 613 CD and 205 one haplotype mismatched LRD transplant recipients treated with CyA, there was no influence of HLA-matching (A, B, DR or combinations) on graft survival rate at one and two years. 2. Patients who successfully received HLA-DR-matched kidneys (CD or LRD) had fewer rejection episodes during the first six months after transplantation. 3. Three factors significantly reduced the cadaveric graft survival rate: (a) presence of panel reactive T-cell antibodies in a current recipient serum, (b) cold ischemia time beyond 27 hours, and (c) recipient age above 55 years. 4. The survival rate of one haplotype mismatched LRD kidneys was excellent and is considered to be the optimal treatment for uremia also in CyA-treated patients. 5. Based on this study, exchange of well HLA-matched CD kidneys to non-sensitized patients has been terminated provisionally in Scandia-transplant. Exchange of HLA-A, B-matched kidneys will be maintained, however, for sensitized patients inasmuch as this will increase the chance of obtaining a negative cross-match and possibly improve graft survival in this high-risk patient group. PMID- 3154456 TI - Effect of HLA matching and cyclosporine A in renal transplantation. ANZDATA Registry. AB - 1. Graft survival rates increased significantly in primary and second cadaver transplants as well as in one-haplotype matched living related donor renal allografts treated with CsA. 2. HLA mismatching did not seem to influence survival of primary cadaver grafts in transfused recipients. 3. No pertinent analysis was available owing to the small size of the group of nontransfused patients. 4. HLA mismatching did not appear to influence survival of second cadaver grafts in CsA-treated patients; the number of patients was small. 5. Graft survival of living donor grafts was not influenced by haplotype identity. PMID- 3154457 TI - Beneficial HLA matching in centers using cyclosporine A. AB - In this chapter the linear model for the relationship between cumulative HLA mismatches and graft loss is shown to be invalid. HLA-A and -B mismatches and HLA DR mismatches appear to differ in potency. A single mismatch at the HLA-DR locus is associated with a maximum risk of graft loss. These findings permit a simple division of transplants into beneficially matched (000, 100, and 010) and nonbeneficially matched (all other 23 combinations). In centers where more than two-thirds of patients were treated with CsA at three months, a similar dichotomy between beneficially and nonbeneficially matched transplants was observed, confirming the view that CsA-treated patients benefit from good HLA-A,B and DR matching. Organ-sharing schemes are designed to realize the full potential of matching and their potential can be investigated by simulation studies. These indicate that if all organs were unconditionally offered to a multicenter pool of more than 3,000 recipients, more than 60% of transplants could be beneficially matched. PMID- 3154458 TI - Eurotransplant. Part II. The cyclosporine era 1981-1985. AB - 1. The realization of the two main goals of the Eurotransplant Organization have been enhanced during the period between 1981 and 1985 by two factors: A reliable HLA-A, -B and -DR typing of kidney donors and recipients, reflected in this analysis by the Hardy-Weinberg analysis but also by the results of the regular tissue typing quality controls. The number of patients who received a kidney without HLA-DR mismatches was 53% (N = 2,904). A significant difference with the 390 of 5,535 (7%) patients who received a kidney with two HLA-DR mismatches. 2. Treatment with cyclosporine increases kidney graft survival significantly in recipients of a first cadaveric transplant which is in agreement with the results of many other groups. Also a significant improvement in kidney graft survival with cyclosporine treatment was observed in recipients of a cadaveric retransplant, an observation in contrast with those of UCLA. 3. Although no significant influence of HLA-A and -B matching was observed in patients treated with or without cyclosporine, the best matched patients had the best graft survival. As stated many times before, the beneficial effect of HLA-A and -B matching is best demonstrated four or five years posttransplantation. 4. The effect of HLA-DR matching on kidney graft survival is highly significant, regardless of whether cyclosporine has been used or not. This finding is also in accordance with those of other investigators. 5. Prolonged cold ischemia periods in cyclosporine-treated patients resulted in a significant decrease of kidney graft survival. This is in contrast with the observations in non-cyclosporine treated recipients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154460 TI - [Results of the use of intrauterine device among adolescent women]. PMID- 3154461 TI - [Characteristics of the semen in the sterile couple]. PMID- 3154459 TI - [Antepartum cardiotocography in high-risk pregnancies and its effect on perinatal morbidity and mortality]. PMID- 3154462 TI - [A giant Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor. A case report]. PMID- 3154463 TI - The International Society for Heart Transplantation Registry. AB - The Registry for the International Society for Heart Transplantation has collected data on some 6,500 heart transplant recipients and 344 heart-lung recipients. Operative mortality in heart transplantation has decreased substantially since 1985. There has been a recent increase in cardiac complications following heart transplantation. Congenital heart disease is a significant risk factor in heart transplantation. More patients are undergoing heart-lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis. Improved survival is seen with triple-drug immunosuppression in both heart and heart-lung recipients. PMID- 3154464 TI - Renal transplantation at the Munich Transplant Center: a retrospective single center review. AB - The use of different immunosuppressive protocols (high-dose/low-dose CsA) has little effect on first cadaveric transplants in nonsensitized patients. However, low-dose CsA induction treatment reduces early nephrotoxic crises. There is a clear benefit of quadruple drug induction treatment for retransplants and sensitized transplant candidates. Steroid-free immunosuppressive therapy can be applied to a majority of long-term patients. PMID- 3154466 TI - Factors influencing cadaver kidney transplantation outcome in the cyclosporine era. The North Italy Transplant Program (NITp). AB - In order to evaluate if cyclosporine (CsA) had changed the weight of some factors previously considered to influence kidney graft outcome in conventionally immunosuppressed patients, analyses of patient survival and graft survival and function were carried out on 1,105 consecutive cadaver kidney transplants, all treated with CsA, performed in the NITp between February 1983 and January 1988. Moreover, in order to compare multicenter and single center results the 344 transplants performed at the NITp's largest center were also analyzed separately. No differences were observed between the results of the single center and multicenter analyses, both indicating the following: 1. Graft survival of first transplants at 2 years was 14% higher than that of regrafts (80.1% vs 65.9% p = 0.002). As regards kidney function, regrafted patients had equivalent serum creatinine levels and number of rejection episodes as first graft recipients but received a significantly greater number of steroid pulses. 2. Patients who received kidneys with a long CIT (CIT greater than 24 hours) had a lower patient and graft survival and received steroid pulses more frequently than the other patients. 3. A transplant center effect was observed, probably due to differences in pretransplant clinical conditions of the patients and/or their posttransplant management. 4. Immunized patients (PRA greater than 50%) had a lower, although not statistically significant, graft survival than the other patients. A higher proportion of them received a greater number of steroid pulses than nonimmunized recipients. 5. HLA-A,B match appeared to have no influence on patient and graft survival or kidney function. However, it is still a useful criterion for organ allocation and makes the identification of compatible organs for retransplants and immunized recipients easier. 6. Pretransplant blood transfusions had no effect on patient and graft survival. A higher proportion of nontransfused patients showed elevated serum creatinine levels at the first posttransplant month compared with transfused patients, but due to the risks of homologous transfusions this finding does not justify pretransplant blood transfusions for the purpose of conditioning the recipient. It is concluded that of the factors considered, graft number, CIT, transplant center, and, to a lesser extent, PRA influenced patient and graft survival and/or function in CsA-treated patients, while little or no effect was attributable to pretransplant blood transfusions and HLA-A,B matching. PMID- 3154465 TI - A single center experience with "low-dose" cyclosporine in cadaveric renal transplantation. PMID- 3154467 TI - Renal transplantation at Hartford Hospital: results of combined and flexible immunosuppression. AB - 1. Three groups of first cadaver kidney transplant recipients at Hartford Hospital were analyzed. All received AZA and P, and most received pretransplant blood transfusions. The first group, 41 patients transplanted from 1977-1979, had a 2 year graft survival of 49%; the second group, 72 patients transplanted from 1980 to 1984 had an emphasis on DR typing and 2-year graft survival of 61%. The third group had the addition of CsA (triple immunosuppression) from 1984 to October, 1988. These 200 patients had a 2-year graft survival of 87%. The 2-year patient survival was 82%, 85%, and 94% for the 3 groups, respectively. 2. Triple immunosuppression resulted in less frequent and less severe rejection activity. There was no increase in serious infection and no significant elevation in mean serum creatinine at a 2-year follow-up, when compared to a control group receiving AZA and P. 3. DST was used selectively for one haplotype living-related donor kidney transplants, and in HLA-identical sibling kidney transplantation. Triple immunosuppression was also used in living-related donor kidney transplants, but in a very low-dose range. Only 3 of 58 grafts in living-related donor kidney transplants have been lost in the past 4 years; none due to rejection. 4. OKT3 therapy has been used primarily for steroid-resistant rejection, usually resulting in reversal, but also in a significant increase in CMV infection. When an "OKT3 available" group of cadaver kidney transplant recipients was compared to a previous control group, OKT3 therapy did not appear to improve the overall results. 5. Patients receiving retransplantation experienced a better success rate than reported at many other centers, (72% graft survival at 2 years). The use of OKT3 or ATG and DR matching contributed to the success. 6. The average ATN rate for all perfused kidneys was 36%; 50% for those preserved longer than 28 hours. Imported kidneys preserved with Euro Collins solution had a 63% ATN rate versus 36% for locally procured kidneys. There was no significant difference in graft survival in patients with or without posttransplant ATN. PMID- 3154468 TI - Transplantation in Manitoba. AB - 1. Renal transplantation can be performed at small regional centers as successfully as at large centers. 2. Immunosuppression should be individualized for the patient thereby avoiding the use of costly and often clinically complicated immunosuppressive regimens. 3. Small centers need to participate in large regional pools in order to give highly presensitized patients a reasonable chance of successful transplantation. 4. Long-term patient compliance is a major problem and requires careful surveillance of patients' adherence to their prescribed therapy. Frequent follow-up also allows for the detection of late rejection episodes which can often be reversed. PMID- 3154470 TI - The sensitized patient. A single center study. AB - 1. In a 20-year period from 1966 to 1986, 650 renal transplants have been performed at the Toronto Western Hospital (University of Toronto). The 10-year actuarial patient survival is 62% and the actuarial graft survival is 35%. 2. A multivariant analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model indicated recipient age, donor source, graft number and time period were factors which independently influenced patient survival and that age and time period were variables which independently effected graft outcome. 3. Sensitization alone, using either peak or current PRA, did not significantly influence graft survival. Sensitization interacting with gender did affect graft survival, which was significantly lower in female patients with a high current PRA. Sensitization interacting with age produced different effects in the younger and older patients. The highly sensitized older patient has a better survival than the highly sensitized younger patient. However, for less sensitized patients the reverse was found; younger patients had a better survival than older patients. Also increasing levels of sensitization correlated with decreased survival in younger patients. 4. Predictive models based on the survivorship analysis of Kalbfleisch and Prentice were constructed to illustrate the impact of these variables on outcome. PMID- 3154469 TI - Blood transfusion experience for cyclosporine/prednisone-treated renal allograft recipients at the University of Texas Medical School at Houston. AB - Our data indicate that CsA-P-treated primary recipients of cadaveric donor renal allografts as well as haploidentical living-related donor allograft recipients enjoy prolonged, successful patient and graft survivals whether conditioned with pretransplant transfusions or not. The data are important because they reflect clinical results from a single transplant center wherein the recipients have been immunosuppressed for approximately 7 years with little change in protocol. This is an important point since utilizing maximum therapeutic immunosuppressive efficacy will result in prolonged graft and patient survival. PMID- 3154472 TI - Cyclosporine-treated kidney transplants from living-related donors--a single center trial. AB - Analysis of 369 CsA-treated recipients transplanted with living-related donor grafts was presented along with the results of a control group of 160 recipients treated with AZ. 1. The 5-year graft survival was 78.2% in the CsA group as opposed to 58.5% in the control group. However, serum creatinine levels in the CsA group were higher than those in the CT group. 2. DST was carried out in recipients showing response to MLR. The fact that no significant difference was found between the DST and non-DST groups despite the poor tissue matching, may favor the effect of DST in CsA-treated recipients. 3. The graft survival rate in patients with a transient positive crossmatch was lower than that obtained in patients with no history of a positive crossmatch. 4. Incidence of acute rejection was highest in T-cell antibody positive cases, while the incidence of chronic rejection was highest in cold B-cell positive cases. 5. The combined use of AZ and local graft irradiation successfully suppressed the formation of antibodies to blood group antigens. 6. Detailed analysis and follow-up studies will be necessary to establish the optimum regimen of CsA administration for the long-term maintenance of renal function in CsA-treated recipients. PMID- 3154471 TI - Cadaveric renal transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh: a two and one half-year experience with the point system. AB - From January 1, 1986 to July 30, 1988, 530 consecutive cadaver kidney transplantations were performed with patient selection by a point system that took into account time awaiting an organ, donor-recipient matching, degree of presensitization, and some less important factors. The effect of the system was to diminish judgmental factors in case selection which in the past, had probably operated to the disadvantage of "undesirable" potential recipients, including older ones. Primary 1-year graft survival (74%) and graft survival after retransplantation (71%) were lower than in the earlier time. However, the results with triple-drug therapy using CsA, AZA and P demonstrated 88% 1-year graft survival for primary graft recipients and 74% in highly sensitized patients, with comparable patient mortality. These latter observations provide some assurance that the concepts of equitable access and efficient utilization of a scarce resource are not mutually exclusive. PMID- 3154473 TI - Importance of HLA-A, -B and -DR matching in presensitized kidney transplant recipients. AB - 1. Beneficial effect of HLA matching is observed mainly among sensitized recipients. 2. Two DR and at least 1A and 1B antigen shared between donor and recipient significantly improve the results at 5 years. PMID- 3154474 TI - Organ sharing for good HLA-A,B, and DR matching improves cadaver renal graft survival in SEOPF: retrospective and prospective studies considering delayed graft function, race, center effects, cyclosporine, and other factors. AB - 1. HLA matching is associated significantly with factors including CsA use, ALS use, recipient race, prior graft loss, presensitization, preservation time and most strongly, with organ sharing. However, HLA match is not directly associated with delayed graft function. 2. By univariate and multivariate analyses, good HLA matching provides significant benefits in graft survival regardless of CsA use, organ source or other potentially confounding factors. 3. HLA-A,B, and DR matching have independent and essentially equivalent benefits on graft survival in CsA-treated patients, whereas HLA-A,B matching has a greater benefit in non CsA-treated patients. 4. Organ sharing, per se, provides no direct detrimental effect on graft survival by univariate or multivariate analysis. 5. By multivariate and univariate analyses, shared/well-matched kidneys provide significantly better graft survival than local/poorly matched kidneys. 6. Delayed graft function is associated in a complex relationship with organ sharing, prior graft failure, presensitization, and CsA use. 7. The increased rate of delayed graft function associated with organ sharing is overcome by the benefit of good HLA matching. 8. Since April 1986, purposeful organ sharing at SEOPF centers for good HLA matching has been associated with improved graft survival, especially in patients at high risk due to presensitization or prior graft failure. PMID- 3154475 TI - Transplantation statistics in the UK--an agenda for the next quinquennium. AB - Our next quinquennial plan for transplantation studies extends MPI to corneal and unrelated marrow transplantation. It applies Bayesian hierarchical modelling to regional variation in donor procurement and continues a program of special studies to augment national databases with respect to kidney, corneal, heart and liver transplantation. It promotes research collaboration among European and other organ exchange organizations as pioneered in the Council of Europe 1986 Study on High Sensitization, which showed the effectiveness of the network of European organ exchange organizations in liaising with transplant units. PMID- 3154476 TI - The effect of mismatching and sharing of HLA-A, -B, and -DR antigens on kidney graft survival in Eurotransplant 1982 to 1988. AB - 1. Cyclosporine significantly improved kidney graft survival by 10-15%. 2. Matching for HLA-DR, HLA-B + DR and HLA-A + B + DR improved kidney graft survival significantly in non-CsA-treated patients. 3. Matching for the HLA-A, -B, and -DR loci, apart and in combination, significantly improved kidney graft survival in CsA-treated patients. 4. The best kidney graft survival was observed in HLA-A + B + DR identical combinations treated with CsA (76% at 5 yrs). PMID- 3154477 TI - Corneal transplantation: a single center experience 1976 to 1988. PMID- 3154478 TI - Kidney transplant mortality relationships. AB - 1. Patient mortality for adults was described by the sum of 3 components of risk: age-dependent risk; transplant-dependent risk, depending on time after first transplant; and failure-dependent risk, depending on time after failure. 2. The age-dependent risk increased exponentially at a rate about two-thirds the rate of increase in the general population. This risk was about twice as large for recipients of cadaver kidneys as for those who received grafts from HLA-identical siblings; the risk for recipients of parent donor grafts was intermediate. The risk for transplant recipients was much larger than that for the general population over most of the age range. 3. The transplant-dependent component decreased exponentially with the time after transplant and was reduced by half after about 2.25 years. The component was about 4 times as large for recipients of cadaveric kidneys as from HLA-identical sibling donors. Since patients studied were limited to those who survived at least 3 months after transplant, the transplant-dependent component of risk, as defined, does not represent the larger and more rapidly decreasing loss that occurs within a month or two after transplant. 4. The failure-dependent component was large and decreased exponentially with time after graft failure; the risk was reduced by half in about 7.5 months. For recipients of cadaveric organs, "excess" of death in the first year after failure was about 10%--slightly more than percent excess death as in the first year after transplant. In the case of diabetics, the excess deaths in the year after failure was about 25%. 5. Life expectancy at various ages at transplant was calculated from the estimates of risk of death. The maximum loss for males transplanted from HLA-identical siblings was about 10 years. The maximum occurred at age-at-transplant 20 years; life expectancy for patients transplanted at that age was about 42 years. Perhaps 5% to 10% of patients transplanted at age 20 from cadaveric donors might expect to survive into their 80's. 6. Survival analysis with allocation to graft failure of patient death-with-functioning-graft fractionally (according to probability that the death was transplant related) provided a method of adjusting for patient age in studying graft survival. In younger patients, death was most likely attributable to the transplant, whereas in older patients, death was likely not attributable to the transplant. 7. Appropriate attribution of patient death to graft failure is important to the study of long-term graft survival, particularly among older patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3154479 TI - Long-term survival. AB - 1. In transplants performed between 1971 and 1986, first cadaver donor grafts had a half-life ranging from 6.6 to 7.5 years in the period after the first year. Second cadaver donor grafts had a half-life of 5.1 to 6.5 years. Parental donor grafts had a half-life of 9.3 to 11.8 years, whereas HLA identical sibling donor transplants had a half-life of 19.1 to 26.5 years. Siblings with no haplotype in common had an average half-life of 8.7 years. 2. Between 1971 and 1984, white recipients had an average half-life of 7.7 years, which increased to 9.3 years in 1985-1986. Black recipients' half-life decreased from 5.4 years in 1975-1976 to 3.5 years in 1985-1986. The reason for this decrease is not apparent. 3. The half life of transplants of different recipient ages did not vary significantly. The average half-life during this period of study was 7.4 years for those younger than 21 years of age, 8.2 years for recipients 21 to 50 and 6.7 years for those older than 50. 4. In the early data, there was some evidence that the half-life of kidneys with cold ischemia below 13 hours was superior. However, in the latest period (between 1983 and 1986) the average half-life was 7.6 years for CIT below 13 hours, 7.2 years for those with 13 to 24 hours and 6.4 years for more than 24 hours. 5. For patients receiving kidneys with no HLA-A,B mismatches, the average half-life was 10.1 years. Those with A,B mismatches had a half-life of 6.7 years, and for those with no A,B antigens in common, the average half-life was 6 years. 6. In the period after 1981, the average half-life of patients with no A,B,DR mismatches was 9.1 years compared with 6.5 years for those with A,B,DR mismatches and 5.4 years for those with no A,B,DR antigens in common. PMID- 3154480 TI - The transfusion effect. AB - 1. There was a "transfusion effect" for cadaver kidney transplant recipients and the improvement of 1-year graft survival with transfusions was 7.1% (p0.0002) in 1987. 2. Two or 3 pretransplant transfusions are sufficient to obtain the maximum transfusion effect. 3. In 1988, about a quarter of the patients received first cadaver kidney transplants without any pretransplant transfusions, whereas only 10% were nontransfused during the period between 1981 and 1984. 4. The transfusion effect diminished as patients aged. The increase in 1-year graft survival with transfusions was 17% in patients aged 16-25, 4% in patients aged 46 55, and 1% in patients over 55. 5. Both transfused and nontransfused patients had as high as 83% 1-year graft survival rates when they received 0 A, B, DR mismatched kidneys. Transfusions improved graft survival by as much as 8% for recipients with mismatched grafts. 6. There was no transfusion effect in recipients of 0 DR-mismatched kidney transplants. Transfusions improved the 1 year graft survival rate by 8-10% for transplant recipients with 1 or 2 DR mismatched kidneys. 7. The transfusion effect was greater in black (8%) than white (4%) recipients; however, the 77% 1-year graft survival rate for transfused black recipients of 0 DR-mismatched kidneys did not differ from that of transfused whites. 8. Considering the transfusion effect on graft failure rather than graft survival, the failure rate in nontransfused patients could have been reduced by 30% in transplants performed between 1976 and 1979, 17% in transplants from 1980 through 1983, and 21% in transplants since 1984 with blood transfusions. PMID- 3154481 TI - Liver transplantation at UCLA: a report of clinical activities. AB - Liver transplantation has become a widely accepted form of therapy for many life threatening liver illnesses. Since the introduction of CsA in 1980, numerous centers have opened and now more than 800 liver transplants are performed in the United States per year. In most large series, a 70% 5-year survival rate is seen. However, in terms of survival, hepatic transplantation for carcinoma continues to lag behind other diseases. In the absence of an available alternative treatment for this group of patients, vigorous investigation into prevention of recurrences following OLT is needed. Despite the proliferation of liver transplant programs, optimization of postoperative care remains a major challenge for those physicians who care for these patients. Too often, the diagnosis of rejection in contrast to infection is guided by clinical suspicion rather than firm evidence. Reversal of multiorgan dysfunction is often aggravated by the very immunosuppressants which allow transplantation. Maximizing graft acceptance and organ function while minimizing infectious complications remains the ultimate goal for transplant surgeons and is the key to further success. PMID- 3154482 TI - Living donor kidney transplants. AB - 1. Whites showed an increase in graft survival in the 2-haplotype matched transplant recipients compared to black recipients at 1-, 2-, and 3-years posttransplant. The difference was not found in the Asian population. Comparing 1 versus 2-haplotype matched transplants showed an increasing statistical significance at yearly intervals, indicating that there was increased HLA chromosome matching effect at 2 and 3 years. Additionally, 2-haplotype matched transplant regrafts showed similar results to first grafts; however, 1-haplotype matched regrafts did poorly relative to 1-haplotype matched first grafts. 2. Living nonrelated transplants and 0-haplotype matched transplants did well initially at 1-year graft survival but there was a decrease in graft survival in these transplant groups at 2 and 3 years. 3. Sensitized patients who received transplants from their mother or father showed an increase in transplant survival in the former and decreased transplant survival in the latter. This may be associated with the exposure in utero of the recipient to the noninherited maternal antigens, thus allowing the better graft survival with the mother as the donor. 4. Cyclosporine showed little effect on graft survival with the exception of a statistically significant difference only in 1-year graft survival for 1-HLA haplotype matched transplant recipients. However, an inverse effect was noted for mother-to-child transplants where CsA treatment showed statistically significant poorer transplant survival a 1 and 2 years. 5. In 1-haplotype matched transplants, neither random transfusion nor donor-specific transfusion exerted much effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154483 TI - Recipient and donor sex. AB - 1. During the past 7 years, recipient sex had no apparent effect on transplant survival. 2. Recipients of female cadaver donor regrafts had an 8-12% lower graft survival rates at 1 year than recipients of male donor kidneys. Graft survival was poorer in both first and second transplants when the female donor was aged 31 50. 3. When graft function was delayed, 1-year graft survival was 6% lower for recipients of first transplants when the donor was female and 12% lower for retransplanted recipients of female donor grafts. 4. The striking effect of donor sex on regraft survival may be a transitory product of the "learning curve" for CsA. The difference between 1-year graft survival of male and female donor retransplants was 14% in 1984, 7% in 1985, and 5% in 1986. PMID- 3154484 TI - Donor age and recipient age. AB - Donor age. 1. Kidneys from older donors led to markedly lower graft survival than kidneys from younger donors. The 1-year first cadaver donor graft survival rates were 80% for recipients receiving kidneys from 16-year-old donors, 70% from 50 year olds and 57% from 65-year-old donors. This means that 1-year graft survival decreased 10% by donor age 50 and 23% by donor age 65. 2. The trend toward lower graft survival with older donors was most noticeable after 1985, suggesting that CsA treatment was primarily responsible for the effect. 3. Twelve percent of kidneys from donors over age 50 never functioned while the nonfunction rate of 17 to 30-year-old donor kidneys was only 2%. Forty-six percent of kidneys from younger donors functioned within 3 days, whereas 26% functioned in 3 days if they came from donors who were older than 50. 4. The tendency to use older donors has gradually increased in the past 10 years. Donors over 50 years of age comprised 5% of the donors in 1978 and rose to 10% by 1987. 5. Transfusions, HLA-B,DR mismatches, and causes of failure were not related to donor age. 6. In transplants performed in the last 10 years, donor age did not play a significant role in either patient or graft survival. Whether or not this will hold true for more recent CsA-treated transplants remains to be seen. Recipient age. 1. The most significant effect of recipient age for patients transplanted since 1983 was on patient survival: it dropped from 100% for 6- to 7-year-old recipients to 86% for 68- to 71-year olds. 2. There is an increased tendency to transplant patients older than 50. The number rose from 14% in 1978 to 25% in 1987. 3. A very strong association was noted between advancing recipient age and corresponding decrease in immunologic failures and increase in nonimmunologic failures. Immunologic responsiveness to allografts decreased with age, though failures from nonimmunologic causes increased with age. 4. Patients with no transfusions had increasingly higher graft survival with age: 63% 1-year graft survival for patients up to 20 years old and 73% for those over 50 which was consistent with the above findings. Transfusions led to 1-year graft survival of about 76% in all groups. Thus, transfusions had less effect in older recipients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3154485 TI - Immune responsiveness. AB - 1. In 1987 transplants, the association between the DR1 antigen and increased graft survival appears to have been lost. 2. Average preformed panel reactive antibodies, peak or current, were higher in grafts that were lost in the early posttransplant period, when compared to grafts with excellent function. Increased HLA-DR mismatches and female donors were also associated with early graft losses. 3. Recipient sex (male), HLA-DR mismatches, and donor age appeared to influence later graft losses. 4. Recipient age, HLA-B,DR and HLA-A,B,DR mismatches, and CITs were elevated in all graft loss groups. PMID- 3154486 TI - Sensitization. AB - 1. Sensitization increases the time waiting for a transplant. In Southern California, more than half the patients waiting more than 3 years are broadly sensitized. 2. First transplants in patients with greater than 50% PRA had 8% lower 1-year graft survival and retransplants in patients with greater than 10% PRA had 5-10% lower 1-year graft survival rates than nonsensitized patients respectively. 3. In sensitized recipients, 5-8% of kidneys that do not function in the early posttransplant period may be due to unrecognized antibody reactive to the donor. 4. The greatest risk of antibody-associated graft loss is in the first 2 weeks posttransplant. Some losses may be due to unrecognized hyperacute rejection though cellular rejection and other complications may be missed in the patient with a nonfunctioning graft. 5. Giving small numbers of blood transfusions reduces the risk of sensitization for never transplanted patients without significant loss of the beneficial transfusion effect. Transfusions following a graft loss should be avoided as they confer no benefit and significantly increase the likelihood of sensitization. 6. The effect of HLA matching on graft survival in sensitized and nonsensitized patients was the same. Matching for HLA-A and B antigens is influenced by sensitization through selection at the crossmatch. 7. More sensitive crossmatch tests should be carefully evaluated so that the price of improving early function and decreasing early graft loss is not condemning an excess of patients to a lifetime of dialysis. PMID- 3154487 TI - Flow cytometry crossmatching for kidney transplantation. AB - 1. Overall, positive FCXM reactions were associated with graft losses in regrafts but not in primary transplants. 2. In transplants involving older female or CVA donors, a positive FCXM appeared to be deleterious in both first transplants and regrafts. If the donor were a younger male and not a CVA victim, only FCXM positive regrafts had low graft survival rates. 3. We presented a 3-color technique allowing the differentiation of antibody reactions against T cells, B cells, and monocytes. Another method allows the simultaneous evaluation of both IgG and IgM reactions against T cells. Using these kinds of methods may make better identification of antibodies that may be harmful to a transplant allograft possible. PMID- 3154489 TI - Renal regrafts. AB - 1. Approximately 15% of kidney transplants each year were regrafts. 2. One-year survival of cadaveric second transplants was 66.1% vs 75.9% for first transplants. One-year survival of second transplants from living donors was 82.7% vs 89.4% for first transplants. 3. The major difference between first and second transplants was from graft loss within the first month (14.1% for second transplants vs 6.5% for first transplants). 4. Patients younger than age 10 and older than 60 were poor candidates for regrafts. One-year graft survival was 46.1% and 51.7%, respectively. Patients 31-40 years old had a 1-year graft survival rate of 68.9%. 5. HLA-matched regrafts functioned better than mismatched grafts. A 4-antigen HLA-B,DR mismatch was associated with a decreased 3-month graft survival of 11.6% (p = 0.001 vs 0 mismatches). PRA levels or flow cytometry crossmatches may be better predictors of second graft outcome. Patients with PRA levels of 10-100% prior to retransplantation had a 6-7% lower 1-year graft survival than patients who never developed antibodies. 6. Patients with end-stage renal disease from diabetes had similar graft survival rates to patients with other diseases. Diabetes, however, was associated with a 2.9% higher death rate at 1 year (p = 0.03). 7. Parous females responded similarly to nulliparous female or male recipients. 8. Female donor regrafts were associated with an 8% lower 1 year graft survival rate when compared to kidneys from male donors. 9. Black donor regrafts to nonblack recipients were associated with a 13.8% lower 1-year graft survival. Black recipients had a 7% lower 1-year graft survival rate compared to nonblack recipients. 10. Regrafted patients benefited from preoperative transfusions only if they had never received blood products previously. 11. First graft survival less than 6 months was associated with a 5 15% lower second graft survival rate at 1 year. Thereafter, the graft failure rate was higher in patients whose first graft survived more than 6 months. By 6 or 7 years responders and nonresponders had equivalent graft survival. 12. Long term graft survival may be adversely affected by CsA. 13. The optimum interval between first graft failure and regrafting was 1-6 months. PMID- 3154488 TI - Crossmatching on platelets by flow cytometry. AB - 1. HLA antigens on platelets can be detected by alloantisera used for typing lymphocytes. 2. There is a general correlation between reactivity of sera against platelets and reactivity against T cells. However, some SLE patients have broadly reactive antibodies to T cells that are much less reactive to platelets. These sera may contain IgG autoantibody to non-HLA T-cell autoantigens. 3. The Pl-FCXM may be both more sensitive than the conventional cytotoxic crossmatching techniques and more discriminating than the T-FCXM in detecting relevant deleterious antibodies. All 11 patients with a negative platelet FXCM had functioning kidneys at 1 month, whereas 7 of 12 patients with a positive Pl-FCXM had nonfunctional kidneys at 1 month (p = 0.003). 4. It is suggested that the Pl FCXM offers a simple, sensitive, and effective method of crossmatching without the high false positive rate of T-FCXM. PMID- 3154491 TI - Donor and preservation factors. AB - 1. In nonsensitized, white recipients of first cadaver donor transplants, 1-year graft survival was: 13% lower when the donor was black than when the donor was white; 7-9% lower when the kidney was from a pediatric (under 15) or older (over 50) donor than from a donor aged 21-50; 8% lower when the donor was a female over 30 than when the donor was a male under 30; 4% lower when the cause of donor death was a cerebrovascular accident than when the death was a closed head injury; 6% lower when the kidney was transplanted with more than 36 hours of cold ischemia time than when ischemia was less than 24 hours; 3% lower if the kidney had been transported more than 50 miles to the transplant center. 2. The lower graft survival rates associated with the race, sex, age and cause of death of the donor were generally reflected in a higher incidence of early nonfunction and poorer quality of function. 3. Preservation related factors, long cold ischemia and sharing were associated with an increase in delayed onset of function, but there was no difference in the proportion of kidneys that never functioned during the follow-up period. 4. There was a 9% difference in 1-year graft survival between kidneys obtained from centers more than 50 miles from the transplant center and with more than 36 hours of cold ischemia and those transplanted locally with less than 24 hours of cold ischemia. 5. Long cold ischemia, even in excess of 48 hrs, had no effect on graft survival when the kidney was procured locally. Long cold ischemia in the absence of sharing was not an apparent risk factor. 6. Rather than concluding that distant sharing results in kidneys of poor quality, we may have to consider that kidneys of poor quality are sometimes shared. 7. Cadaver kidneys from female donors over 30 had 80% 1-year survival when transplanted to recipients who weighed between 41 and 75 kg, a result comparable to that obtained with young male donor organs. In recipients over 75 kg, survival of the older female kidneys was 70% vs 80% for young male donor kidneys. Recipient "size" may be a nonimmunological risk factor. PMID- 3154490 TI - Liver transplantation: the first 200 grafts in Birmingham. AB - Improvements in perioperative management in this series have been balanced by an increase in the proportion of high-risk patients grafted, such that no overall improvement in survival has occurred. We suggest that for each patient 2 separate groups of risk factors are relevant: 1. Risk factors related to the transplant procedure itself: These include previous major upper abdominal surgery, marked cerebral edema due to fulminant hepatic failure, and severe portal hypertension including patients with recent major variceal bleeding. 2. Risk factors related to the recovery phase: These include patients in hepatorenal failure before grafting and those with severe muscle wasting. Greater experience and refinements in surgical technique have improved the outcome for patients with risk factors limited to the first group. However, those with risk factors in both groups remain a difficult problem and a significant proportion of the fatalities occur in patients who have come through the operation only to be lost from complications in the postoperative period. We feel this is one of the most important areas for future efforts if the results of liver replacement are to improve sufficiently to merit a wider application. PMID- 3154492 TI - Clinical transplants 1988. Overview. AB - 1. The 3-month actual graft survival of 6-antigen matched transplants in the UNOS program was 96% compared to 85% in control kidneys which were not shipped (p = 0.004). Actuarial graft survival at 1 year was 89% for the 6-antigen matched kidneys and 78% for the controls (p = 0.02). 2. Several individual centers reported 1-year graft survival rates of 85-95% (in the first half of this volume). Various immunosuppressive protocols and attention to patient care resulted in high 10-year survival of 53% in 1 instance (Leuven). 3. The 1-year graft survival peaked at about 77% for transplants performed in 1985, 1986, and 1987. 4. Among transplants performed since 1984, HLA matching of cadaver donor transplants showed a 13% difference at 1 year between the best and worst A,B,DR matches, which expanded in 3 years to an 18% difference. 5. The center effect, which produces about a 13% difference in 1-year graft survival for cadaver donors, decreased to 0 in HLA-identical transplants. Thus, when the donor and recipient were histocompatible, all centers were able to achieve superior results. The results of the 6-antigen Match Study appear to validate this conclusion. 6. Preformed antibody is associated with a 9% decrease in graft survival for greater than 50% PRA in first grafts and 4% in second grafts. For peak antibodies, the difference was 7% for first grafts and 11% for second grafts. 7. Platelet flow cytometry in 23 patients with a positive flow cytometry crossmatch to T cells furnished a further refinement in grouping the patients. All 11 patients with a negative platelet crossmatch had functioning grafts at 1 month whereas only 5 of 12 patients with a positive platelet crossmatch had a functional graft at 1 month (p = 0.003). 8. The duration of first graft effect on the second graft has diminished considerably as immunosuppression improved. Patients whose first graft survived more than a year and who had a high 1-year graft survival of the second graft lost their second graft at an accelerated rate after the first year. At the end of 4 years, their survival was the same as that of the responder patients who had rejected their first grafts within 3 months. 9. False positive crossmatches, especially in "highly" sensitized patients were identified by the use of DTT. Transplants into 69 patients who were positive by the standard test but negative after DTT had a 94% 1-month function rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3154493 TI - Liver transplantation: the University Hospital-Children's Hospital of Western Ontario experience. AB - Patients who currently benefit the most from liver transplantation are those with end-stage, non-malignant liver disease. Primary biliary cirrhosis and cirrhosis from chronic active hepatitis (hepatitis B negative) have been the most common indications in our experience. Overall survival rates in excess of 70% at 1 year are now common and those patients who live the first year have a very good prospect of long-term survival. Complete rehabilitation occurs in about 80% of survivors. Patients on life support systems before transplantation and those awaiting urgent retransplantation have the highest mortality rates. Modern anesthetic and surgical techniques have made the operation much safer and more straightforward. Biliary tract complications remain common, especially in patients with a history of previous upper abdominal surgery. Cyclosporine has had a major impact, but in the context of its use in combination with other immunosuppressive agents (antilymphocyte globulin, steroids, azathioprine and OKT3). PMID- 3154494 TI - Changing perspectives on liver transplantation in 1988. AB - After liver transplantation for cancer, there is a high incidence of disease recurrence within 18 to 36 months for most tumors, although there are a small number of long-term survivors. An extended resection of the upper abdominal viscera with replacement by a liver-pancreas cluster is being tried in Pittsburgh for lesions which have not been successfully managed with liver transplantation alone. Despite a high incidence of graft reinfection after liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus (HBV) related disease, a significant proportion of patients achieve long-term survival. Hyperimmune globulin and interferon have been of little benefit in preventing reinfection. Clinical trials with a human monoclonal antibody to HBsAg are in progress. Transplantation for alcoholic liver disease has been considered controversial. However, survival after liver transplantation for Laennec's cirrhosis is comparable to survival after liver transplantation for other chronic, benign, and non-HBV related liver diseases. Sclerotherapy followed by liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with acute hemorrhage from esophageal varices and end-stage liver disease. Sclerotherapy alone or followed by selective shunting is an appropriate alternative in patients with good hepatic reserve. Only 25% of infants with biliary atresia benefit from portoenterostomy. To meet the demand for small infants waiting for transplantation, several transplant programs have successfully expanded their efforts to use partial (reduced) liver grafts. Cyclosporine and low-dose prednisone remain the basis for immunosuppression after liver transplantation. However, nephrotoxicity and hypertension are frequent and troublesome side effects of cyclosporine. Triple and quadruple drug regimens have been increasingly popular in an effort to minimize cyclosporine toxicity. Phase 1 clinical trials with a new drug, FK506, recently began in Pittsburgh. Hyperacute rejection of the liver has been demonstrated in animal models and has been strongly suspected in recent clinical descriptions of acute hemorrhagic necrosis after liver transplantation. So far, only transplantation across an ABO incompatibility has been identified as a risk factor for hyperacute rejection. The new preservation solution developed by Belzer and associates at the University of Wisconsin has significantly extended the preservation time for liver grafts, and improved the quality of liver preservation. PMID- 3154495 TI - International Pancreas Transplant Registry report. AB - From December 1966 to December 1988, 1,830 pancreas transplants were reported to the International Pancreas Transplant Registry. Of these, 1,549 were reported as of June 30, 1988 and analyzed on July 13, 1988. One-year actuarial graft function (insulin-independent) and recipient survival rates for all cases were 42% and 80%, respectively. In an analysis by era of 1966 to 1977 (n = 64), 1978 to 1983 (n = 336), 1984 to 1985 (n = 387), and 1986 to 1988 (n = 762) cases, 1-year graft function rates were 5%, 25%, 41%, and 55% and recipient survival rates were 44%, 72%, 81%, and 88%, respectively (p less than or equal to 0.01 all comparisons). In an analysis of 1984 to 1988 cases only (n = 1,149), the overall 1-year graft function and patient survival rates were 49% and 85%, respectively. During this period, graft functional survival rates for the most common duct management methods were 53% for duct injection (n = 313), 45% for intestinal drainage (n = 257), and 51% for bladder drainage (n = 535) at 1 year (p less than 0.04 for intestinal vs bladder drainage). Graft function rates were similar for whole (n = 552) and segmental (n = 595) pancreas transplants (48% vs 50% at 1 year). Functional survival rates according to duration of preservation for grafts stored less than 6 hours (n = 706), 6-12 hours (n = 243), 12-24 hours (n = 95), and 12 24 hours (n = 9) were 50%, 47%, 43%, and 78% at 1 year, and none of the differences were significant. Graft functional survival rates for 1984 to 1988 cases were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in recipients who received AZA and CsA in combination (n = 895) than in those who received CsA without AZA (n = 218) or AZA without CsA, (n = 27), with 1-year graft functional survival rates of 52%, 41%, and 33%, respectively. For technically successful grafts, the function survival rates were also significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in recipients treated with CsA + AZA (n = 708) than in those who received CsA without AZA (n = 156) or AZA without CsA (n = 19), with 1-year function rates of 66%, 56%, and 47%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3154496 TI - Pancreatic transplantation using the duct occlusion technique. AB - Since 1979, the Munich Group has gathered experience with 100 consecutive pancreas transplants using the duct occlusion technique. At the present time, 40 of the pancreas grafts (44%) and 56 of the renal grafts (65%) of 90 patients who received both a pancreas and a kidney are still functioning. The mortality rate of 18% in the early period was relatively high. In the period from 1984 until 1988--using the simple transplantation technique--only one patient died. During this period, our overall results improved with the use of a modified surgical technique and different immunosuppressive and anticoagulative measures along with better patient selection. Normalization of the glucose metabolism seems to improve the rate of late diabetic complications. The duct occlusion technique in isolated pancreas transplants might have been a disadvantage in accounting for the poor results. With regard to metabolic studies, there is now ample evidence to suggest that successful pancreatic transplantation leads to complete normalization of glucose metabolism including normoglycemia in more than 70% of all patients. In addition, clinical data are accumulating that suggest successful pancreatic transplantation has a beneficial effect on the late secondary syndrome of Type I diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3154498 TI - A comparison of two cyclosporine protocols at the University of Minnesota. AB - 1. There have been 1,426 renal transplants performed at the University of Minnesota from January 1, 1980 through August 31, 1988. CsA+P was used by 260 adult recipients, CsA+P+AZA(+ALG) by 536. 2. In general, there are no significant differences in actuarial graft or patient survival rates between the 2 CsA protocols. This is true for all adults, for all adult CAD recipients, and for a matched control group of adult CAD recipients. 3. Cox's proportional hazards regression model also indicates that there is no significant difference between the 2 CsA regimens. Donor type, number of transplants, and age at transplant influence graft survival in all adult recipients. The use of LRD is still indicated in the CsA era. Diabetic status, age at transplant, and number of transplants affect patient survival. The model fits the observed data quite well. 4. Actuarial analysis and Cox regression failed to document a beneficial effect of HLA-A, B, and DR matching in patients receiving either CsA protocol. Our data do not support the HLA matching point system currently used by UNOS or the Terasaki proposal to give points based on mismatching. 5. A matched control analysis of adult CAD recipients indicates that CsA+P+AZA+ALG has alleviated the problems of our CsA+P protocol without lowering the graft and patient survival rates. Thus, the sequential therapy group has equivalent graft and patient survival rates but shorter duration of ATN, lower serum creatinine levels at 1 year, and fewer patients who require modifications of protocol. Sequential therapy is our treatment of choice. PMID- 3154497 TI - Renal and renal-pancreas transplantation in type I diabetic recipients at the University of Iowa. PMID- 3154499 TI - Shortage of kidneys, a solvable problem? The Leuven experience. Leuven Collaborative Group for Transplantation. AB - Our 10-year experience with the LCGT indicates that close collaboration of nephrologists from peripheral centers for the long-term follow-up of transplanted patients presented no obstacles to excellent patient and graft survival rates. At the same time, "decentralization" greatly increased the motivation of collaborating centers to participate in organ procurement. In addition, the introduction of an "opting out" law provided spectacular stimulation for collaborating center participation. For the first time in many years, the number of transplants was higher than the number of new candidates registered on the waiting list. PMID- 3154500 TI - Results of kidney transplantation at Necker Hospital. AB - From these data, it is possible to draw some partial conclusions: long-term therapy with ATG is only slightly better than a shorter course; OKT3 and ATG are both efficient in preventing rejection occurrences but OKT3 appears to be slightly better; given as prophylactic therapy, OKT3 induces better graft function; the combination of a 21-day course of OKT3 followed by CsA is probably detrimental to patients when compared to the combination of ATG + CsA. PMID- 3154501 TI - Defects in auditory sensory gating and their apparent compensation in relatives of schizophrenics. AB - Auditory sensory processing is defective at several stages in schizophrenics, as revealed by electrophysiological recordings. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between two of these defects in schizophrenics and their relatives. One defect is illustrated by the failure to gate the P50 wave of the auditory evoked potential in the conditioning-testing paradigm. In this paradigm, paired clicks are presented to the subject. Normals suppress or gate the P50 response to the second or test click. Schizophrenics fail to suppress the test response. This defect has been related to schizophrenics' inability to filter out noise in their environment. A second defect is illustrated by schizophrenics' lower than normal N100 wave, which has been related to failure to attend to particular features of interest in the stimulus. The question addressed in this study was whether these two defects inevitably occur together. While they do occur together in schizophrenics, even in very good prognosis, mildly ill subjects, they do not occur together in the relatives of schizophrenics. The defect in the gating of P50 occurs in half these relatives, but N100 amplitudes are not diminished. Instead, relatives with abnormal P50 gating have N100 amplitudes which are larger than normal. One interpretation of the data is that the relatives with the sensory gating defect can compensate for that defect at a subsequent stage of information processing, as demonstrated by their large amplitude N100 wave, whereas schizophrenic patients cannot. PMID- 3154502 TI - The clinical course of depressive symptoms in schizophrenia. AB - A sample of 31 schizophrenic patients free of anti-psychotic drugs was examined on admission to hospital. 14 (45%) exhibited depressed mood. The course of depressive symptoms and psychotic symptoms was followed weekly while the patients received increasing doses of haloperidol in a standardised regime. In 11 of the 14 patients there was a close correspondence between the course of depressive and psychotic symptoms, suggesting that in these cases, depression was an integral part of the schizophrenic illness. In the other three cases, clinical course of the various symptoms gave some support to the concepts of 'pharmacogenic' and 'post-psychotic depression', although it was not possible to choose between them. PMID- 3154503 TI - Schizophrenia, just the facts. What do we know, how well do we know it? AB - The basic facts of schizophrenia are subjectively reviewed in terms of their reproducibility and significance for understanding the disorder. Some of the facts that are either less well known or of greater importance for future investigation are discussed in more detail. The purpose of establishing what we know about schizophrenia is to develop firm ground for generating hypotheses. One attempt to synthesize these facts is outlined. PMID- 3154504 TI - Fluphenazine decanoate dose and severity of depression in patients with post psychotic depression. AB - The authors examined the fluphenazine decanoate dose and the fluphenazine plasma levels in comparison with measures of severity of depression in schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. All patients were selected for study on the basis of having stable, syndromally defined, antiparkinsonian non-responsive syndromes of post-psychotic depression. No meaningful relationships were found. The implications of this observation with regard to the notion that depressive symptomatology in such patients is neuroleptic-induced is discussed. PMID- 3154505 TI - Neuropsychological deterioration and CT scan findings in chronic schizophrenia. AB - Structural abnormalities of the brain, particularly ventricular enlargement and prominence of cortical sulci, have been documented reliably in CT scan investigations of chronic schizophrenic patients. Although the clinical significance of these findings is still obscure, neuropsychological (NP) deficits have emerged as relatively robust correlates of the structural anomalies. Unfortunately, it remains unknown whether the previous findings of NP impairment in association with CT scan abnormalities reflect poor premorbid abilities or deterioration from previously higher levels. This study involved administration of an extensive NP battery and CT scans in a chronic schizophrenic sample. In addition to global and specific scales of NP functions, indices of premorbid ability and deterioration were also employed. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that CT scan findings are associated more with deterioration of functioning than with global measures of NP dysfunction or poor premorbid ability. Conversely, the findings suggest that in patients with normal scans, NP morbidity may be a consequence of failure in the acquisition of a normal cognitive repertoire. PMID- 3154506 TI - Brain interactions in chronic schizophrenics under resting and activation conditions. AB - The metabolic patterns of correlation among brain images obtained during resting conditions and during an eye tracking task were investigated in 12 controls and 18 chronic schizophrenics using positron emission tomography (PET) and deoxy[11C]glucose. Analyses of the interaction between brain regions revealed highly significant differences between groups under both test conditions. Schizophrenics showed lower correlations between anterior and posterior areas and between thalamus and cortical areas than the normals and less change between the baseline and the task than the normals. The schizophrenic subjects showed derangements in the pattern of interactions among brain areas, both under baseline and under activation as compared to the control group. PMID- 3154508 TI - Semantic priming in thought disordered schizophrenic patients. AB - Groups of thought disordered (TD) and non-thought disordered (NTD) schizophrenic patients, unipolar affective patients and normal controls performed a lexical decision task involving the recognition of words immediately preceded (primed) by either an associated or an unrelated word. Significant increments in recognition speed in the associated prime condition were found in all groups, with significantly greater gain by TD schizophrenics than by others. These findings are consistent with network models of associational activation and lend support to an attentional deficit hypothesis for schizophrenic language functioning. PMID- 3154509 TI - Abnormal diurnal weight gain among long-term patients with schizophrenic disorders. AB - We found diurnal weight gain to be abnormal among 65 long-term patients with schizophrenic disorders. Patients were weighed at 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. serially and diurnal weight gain was normalized (NDWG) as a percentage by subtracting the 7 a.m. weight from the 4 p.m. weight, multiplying the difference by 100, and then dividing the result by the 7 a.m. weight. NDWG was 2.2 +/- 1.5% for 47 male patients compared (P = 0.001) with 0.6 +/- 0.4% for 11 male controls. NDWG was 1.7 +/- 0.7% for 18 female patients compared (P less than 0.0001) with 0.5 +/- 0.3% for 14 female controls. We hypothesize that NDWG may be an index of both the severity and duration of the schizophrenic disorder. PMID- 3154507 TI - Reduced CSF neurotensin concentration in drug-free schizophrenic patients. AB - The concentration of the tridecapeptide neurotensin was measured in CSF from 76 drug-free schizophrenic patients and 45 healthy controls. A highly significant difference was found between the two groups with lower concentration of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in schizophrenic patients. Normalization of the lower concentrations was obtained in the same patients during ongoing neuroleptic treatment. The neurotensin concentrations in CSF was unrelated to sex, age, duration of the disorder or to previous neuroleptic treatment. Neurotensin levels did not differ between patients with or without a family history. A significant correlation was found between low neurotensin concentrations and decreased motor activity. No significant relationship was seen between the increment in CSF concentrations of neurotensin and clinical improvement during neuroleptic treatment. No significant correlation between CSF concentrations of neurotensin and HVA or 5-HIAA, major metabolites of dopamine and serotonin, respectively, could be demonstrated. However, in a limited number of the schizophrenic patients in this population, a significant correlation was seen between neurotensin and the noradrenaline metabolite MOPEG. The data support the hypothesis that certain schizophrenic patients may have a compromised CNS neurotensin system which might increase vulnerability for this disorder. PMID- 3154510 TI - Schizophrenic births and viral diseases in two states. AB - In order to investigate a possible relationship between schizophrenic births and viral diseases, the birth month and year of all state hospital admissions for schizophrenia in Connecticut and Massachusetts from 1973-1974 were compared with the occurrence of reportable viral diseases for 1920-1955. Data was statistically examined by time series using spectral analysis. Statistically significant coherences were found between schizophrenic births and measles (both states), varicella-zoster (Connecticut) and polio (Connecticut). Influenza just missed statistical significance. No temporal relationship between schizophrenic births and rubella or mumps was found. The results are compared with similar studies in Minnesota and Finland. Definitive explanations for the observed relationships are precluded by the emerging complexity of virus-CNS interactions. A triggering of immune dysfunction by the infectious agents is proposed as the most reasonable explanation. PMID- 3154511 TI - Epilepsy, psychosis and schizophrenia. AB - A connection between epilepsy, especially temporal lobe (psychomotor, limbic) epilepsy (TLE) and schizophrenia has been proposed by a number of investigators. The evidence both supporting and challenging this widespread idea is reviewed, and several hypotheses are considered that may account for the higher incidence of this form of epilepsy and of schizophrenic psychoses after adolescence. PMID- 3154512 TI - Intellectual impairment in adolescent psychosis. A controlled psychometric study. AB - The relationship of cognitive impairment to the course of schizophrenia remains uncertain. By studying psychotic adolescents, 90% of whom were hospitalized for the first time, we hoped to reduce the influence of such confounding variables as lengthy disease process, neuroleptic treatment, and institutionalization. 39 psychotic adolescent subjects who fulfilled DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia, schizophreniform psychosis, paranoid schizophrenia, or atypical psychosis were compared to 41 non-psychotic adolescent psychiatric controls. Subjects were administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised, Peabody Individual Achievement tests of reading, reading comprehension, and mathematics, Bender-Gestalt, and Purdue Pegboard test within 3 weeks of admission to a psychiatric hospital. Performance IQ was significantly lower in the psychotic group (72 versus 93, P = 0.03). Thus, the IQ pattern in adolescent psychotic patients at an early stage in their illness was similar to the pattern displayed by chronic adult schizophrenic patients. Results were not consistent with theories of left hemisphere involvement in schizophrenia. Academic achievement was similar in both groups despite marked differences in performance IQ. Psychotropic medication had no significant impact on the results. In summary, deficits in processing novel material seem at the very least to be present at the onset of the psychotic disorder, though they may be non-progressive thereafter. PMID- 3154513 TI - Age, mortality and chronic schizophrenia. AB - Mortality data are presented from a 0 to 10 year follow-up of 636 chronic schizophrenic patients. Death ascertainment was made through a record-linkage process and comparisons made with the general population of the State of Iowa using sex and age standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). Risk for mortality was most pronounced among men younger than 40 and women younger than 70. No suicides occurred in chronic schizophrenic patients over age 40 years. The data demonstrate that patients at greatest risk for premature death are those younger than 40 years. Reasons for these findings are discussed. PMID- 3154514 TI - Differences in CT findings within schizophrenics may be due to varying severity of the illness. AB - The authors investigated the importance of severity and duration of illness in schizophrenia with regard to findings on computerised tomographic (CT) scans. Two groups are compared, one from a state hospital's chronic ward and the other group from a university hospital. They provide evidence to propose increased ventricular size is an indicator of severity of illness. PMID- 3154515 TI - Cytogenetic studies of males with schizophrenia. Screening for the fragile X chromosome and other chromosomal abnormalities. AB - Genetic factors appear to play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia, although no specific genetic mechanism has yet been identified. As a preliminary measure in the search for the chromosomal location of a gene or genes relevant to this illness, cytogenetic screening of populations of patients might provide clues for further in depth molecular studies. Additionally, since the X chromosome has been implicated as a possible site, specific examinations aimed at identifying abnormalities in this chromosome including the presence of the fragile X site, could also be important. The following report reviews the previous literature on chromosomal aberrations in schizophrenia and presents data from a new survey of 46 unrelated male patients with schizophrenia. No chromosomal aberrations or folate-sensitive fragile sites were found in samples from these patients. PMID- 3154516 TI - Similarity of patterns of urine excretion among nonpolyuric and polyuric patients with thought disorders. AB - From a study population of 29 institutionalized chronically psychotic patients, 70% of whom had schizophrenic or schizoaffective disorders, nonpolyuric and polyuric patients had similar diurnal patterns of urine excretion. Patients excreted a larger portion of daily urine volume after noon (55%) than before noon (45%). PMID- 3154517 TI - Information overload disrupts digit recall performance in schizophrenics. AB - The effect of auditory information overload on schizophrenics was examined by using a modified forward digit recall task. When memory capacity was exceeded, schizophrenics, but not controls, showed severe disruptions in performance on individual trials. Theories to account for the disruptions are discussed. A combination of factors, rather than simply limited information handling capacity, appears best able to account for the phenomenon. It is emphasized that further understanding of active cognitive process requires examination of trial by trial individual subject data. PMID- 3154518 TI - Clozapine in refractory schizophrenia. Preliminary findings. PMID- 3154519 TI - The positive/negative symptom distinction in schizophrenia. Validity and etiological relevance. AB - This paper presents an overview of the literature on the positive/negative symptom distinction in schizophrenia, and explores the implications of the findings for etiological models. Despite the diversity in methodology and focus, certain consistencies emerge from the research. Most important are findings that negative symptoms show a stronger relation with premorbid dysfunction than positive symptoms, and are more predictive of concordance for schizophrenia in monozygotic twins. Thus it appears that negative symptom ratings partially tap some long-standing characteristics of the individual. Moreover, these characteristics appear to be influenced by genetic factors. The implications of the findings for models of the etiology of positive and negative symptoms are discussed. PMID- 3154521 TI - Outcome of schizophrenia in India using various diagnostic systems. AB - A group of 112 patients diagnosed to be suffering from schizophrenia according to ICD-9 concept of this disorder were followed-up for a period of 18-30 months. Five diagnostic systems for schizophrenia: CATEGO, Research Diagnostic Criteria, Feighner's Criteria, DSM-III and Schneider's First Rank Symptoms were also applied to the study group at the beginning of the investigation. The outcome was assessed in the areas of clinical improvement, course, severity of illness and work. The course of the disorder and outcome in various definitions did not reveal significant variability though patients diagnosed to be schizophrenics according to DSM-III tended to display more psychopathology and impaired work efficiency at the time of follow-up. PMID- 3154520 TI - Cortical atrophy in schizophrenia. Prevalence and associated features. AB - The degree of cortical atrophy as revealed by computed tomographic scans was assessed in 124 patients meeting the DSM III criteria for schizophrenia and in 45 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. 21 patients, i.e., 33% of the entire sample, showed moderate to severe atrophy. The presence of atrophy was not associated with such variables as patients' age, age at onset and duration of illness, diagnostic subtype of schizophrenia, family history of schizophrenia in first degree relatives, history of suicidal behavior, I.Q., employment status, clinical outcome on neuroleptic treatment and HLA antigens distribution. The only variables found to be associated with atrophy were: male sex and cerebral ventricular enlargement. The significance of the CT finding of cortical atrophy in schizophrenia is discussed in the light of these results. PMID- 3154523 TI - Postpsychotic depression--an umbrella term. PMID- 3154524 TI - Age, gender and ERPs in schizophrenia. Let's at least handle the easy ones. PMID- 3154525 TI - Learning from outcome studies. Toward a comprehensive biological-psychosocial understanding of schizophrenia. AB - According to results from three major European long-term outcome studies on schizophrenia, from other comparable studies, and from additional investigations on rehabilitation and on the influence of psychosocial factors, long-term evolution of schizophrenia is much more variable and considerably better than hitherto admitted. On this basis, the author presents a comprehensive biological psychosocial evolutionary model of schizophrenia in three phases, centered around the vulnerability- and information-processing hypotheses. Long-term evolution of schizophrenia cannot be sufficiently represented by a linear organic process mainly determined by genetic factors. Environmental and, in particular, psychosocial factors, also seem to play an important role. Vicious biological psychosocial circles with multiple feedback effects can lead to non-linear escalating processes. Chronic states appear to be the result of complex interactions between preexisting vulnerability and autoprotective counterregulations on a biological, psychological and social level. Some therapeutic consequences and possible future developments of these concepts are presented. PMID- 3154522 TI - Diurnal variation in water homeostasis among schizophrenic patients subject to water intoxication. AB - Among seven schizophrenic patients subject to water intoxication (six men and one woman, mean age 39.1 +/- 6.9 years), we measured serum sodium, plasma arginine vasopressin, and urine osmolality at 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. on eight consecutive Thursdays. On the days of greatest diurnal change in serum sodium, the 7 a.m. serum sodium was 141.1 +/- 1.8 mEq/l and the 4 p.m. value was 129.9 +/- 3.2 mEq/l. Plasma vasopressin also tended to be lower at 4 p.m. but, in many cases, was inadequately suppressed for the level of hyponatremia. The urine was dilute at both 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. and mean urine osmolality did not differ at the two times. In three patients, urine osmolality was consistently subnormal relative to plasma vasopressin at both 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. This abnormality was consistent with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus secondary to lithium and, possibly, phenytoin which the patients received to protect them against hyponatremia. We conclude that the combination of polydipsia and abnormal osmoregulation of vasopressin secretion contributes importantly to the afternoon hyponatremia found in schizophrenic patients subject to water intoxication. PMID- 3154527 TI - Preliminary studies of alpha rhythm and neuropsychological impairment in schizophrenia. AB - Patients with chronic schizophrenia had their EEGs recorded during medication withdrawal. Neuropsychological testing was done on the same patients during a period of 'optimum' functioning during neuroleptic treatment. Correlations between alpha activity, verbal IQ and Halsted-Reitan battery performance were evident over the entire scalp. This led us to examine whether these correlations were related to the inability of a substantial proportion of these patients to generate significant alpha activity. Patients unable to generate significant alpha activity tended to have neuropsychological impairment. These preliminary results suggest that this measure of brain physiology may relate to functional impairment in schizophrenia. PMID- 3154526 TI - The morphology of the corpus callosum in schizophrenia. An MRI study. AB - 40 schizophrenic patients and 17 normal controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. All subjects were consenting males. The size and form of the corpus callosum in the mid-sagittal cut of MRI were evaluated. This study revealed that the mean size of the anterior region of the corpus callosum was significantly greater in schizophrenics than in controls. The elongated anterior corpus callosum, which did not correlate with age, duration of illness, birth complications or any measures of brain areas in the midsagittal cut, was regarded as a primary change. Schizophrenics with the elongated corpus callosum seemed to have an unfavorable prognosis, because the large corpus callosum suggested poor heterosexual relations, reduced number of hospitalizations, low academic grades and mild anxiety-depression syndrome. A smooth and even corpus callosum seen in schizophrenics was likely a change dependent on duration of illness. PMID- 3154528 TI - Neuroendocrine responses in chronic schizophrenia. Evidence for serotonergic dysfunction. AB - Neuroendocrine and mood responses to a 60 mg oral dose of the serotonin-releasing agent, fenfluramine, were assessed in ten neuroleptic-free, chronic schizophrenic patients and in age- and sex-matched normal control subjects. The prolactin (PRL) response to fenfluramine was significantly blunted in the schizophrenic subjects. Growth hormone and cortisol levels were not differentially affected by the challenge. There was no significant effect of fenfluramine on mood in either group. The blunted PRL response in the schizophrenic group suggests serotonergic dysfunction; possible mechanisms of this finding and implications for treatment are considered. PMID- 3154530 TI - Fluphenazine decanoate. Its steady-state pharmacologic profile and relationship to tardive dyskinesia. AB - A sensitive radioimmunoassay was developed to determine the steady-state, fixed dose pharmacokinetic profile of fluphenazine decanoate in nine outpatients. To see if neuroleptic blood levels measured by this assay correlated with a clinical event, we performed a cross-sectional study of fluphenazine blood levels in 11 patients with and 17 patients without tardive dyskinesia. The results do not support the hypothesis that fluphenazine decanoate serum levels correlate with TD occurrence. PMID- 3154529 TI - Clonidine improves memory function in schizophrenia independently from change in psychosis. Preliminary findings. AB - This study provides initial evidence that the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist, clonidine, enhances memory functioning in hospitalized schizophrenics. Ten patients were tested while drug free and while on stable doses of clonidine (0.4-1.4 mg/day) for approximately 3 weeks. Throughout the duration of the study, all patients, as well as the examiner, were blind to medication status. Memory test scores were significantly better during the clonidine trials. This improvement occurred independently of change in psychosis. Clonidine does not improve memory in normal adults or in young and unimpaired animals, but has been shown to improve memory in Korsakoff's patients and non-human primates who are old or have dorsolateral prefrontal cortical lesions. The present results have implications for the role of the noradrenergic system in memory as well as for our understanding of the nature of the cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. PMID- 3154531 TI - Studies on immunological changes among schizophrenic patients. PMID- 3154532 TI - The complications of dermal tattooing. AB - Dermal tattooing has been performed for over 4,000 years. Some of the reported complications from tattooing include pyogenic infections, viral hepatitis, syphilis, tuberculosis cutis, rubella, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, psoriasis, lichen planus, lupus, pigment allergy and sensitivity, keloids, sarcoidal granulomas, erythema multiforme, malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. Most complications can be avoided by utilizing proper aseptic technique and avoiding exotic pigments. A survey of the members of the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery was taken to determine the prevalence of eyelid tattooing and complications encountered. The findings of this survey are presented. PMID- 3154533 TI - Osteomyelitis of the orbit. A case report. AB - With the advent of the antibiotic era, the incidence of osteomyelitis has decreased remarkably. However, cases of trauma-induced orbital cellulitis, abscess, fistula formation, and osteomyelitis may still occur. The following case is illustrative of the chronicity of problems (8-year course) caused by retained orbital wooden foreign bodies. PMID- 3154534 TI - Conjunctivochalasis. A cause of tearing and its management. AB - Conjunctivochalasis is an isolated bilateral condition in which redundant conjunctival tissue overlies the lower eyelid margin or covers the lower punctum. It causes tearing by mechanically disrupting the normal flow of tears. Unlike the boggy conjunctiva seen in an allergic reaction, the extent of this redundant tissue is small, well-localized, and unresponsive to antihistamine drops. During the 40-month period from May 1981 through September 1984, 15 patients complaining of epiphora were found to have this problem. Simple local surgical excision relieved their symptoms. Follow-up period ranged from 10 to 40 months, with an average of 27 months. Conjunctivochalasis can be recognized by a thorough ocular examination and managed by simple excision of the redundant tissue. Consequently, before extensive surgery such as dacryocystorhinostomy, eyelid surgery, or silicone intubation of the lacrimal system is contemplated, conjunctivochalasis should be ruled out and corrected. PMID- 3154536 TI - Treatment of prolapsed conjunctiva. AB - Prolapse of conjunctiva from the superior cul-de-sac, an infrequent complication of levator resection surgery, has been observed by us to have occurred following craniofacial reconstruction for craniostenosis. Three cases of conjunctival prolapse are presented: two that followed maximal external levator resections, and one that occurred after a supraorbital rim advancement and a subsequent cerebrospinal fluid leak. The causes of conjunctival prolapse and its appropriate treatment are reviewed. PMID- 3154535 TI - Evaluation of lubricants for the prosthetic eye wearer. AB - We evaluated the need for additional lubrication in 200 consecutive patients using an ocular prosthesis. Of these patients, 154 (77%) required no additional lubrication, while 46 patients (23%) required supplemental lubrication. Enuclene, the only product manufactured specifically for the patient with an ocular prosthesis, has been reported by the majority of our patients to be inadequate for comfort and wearability. Other solutions for contact lens use were compared with Enuclene and found to be far superior by patients using an ocular prosthesis. PMID- 3154537 TI - "Duochrome" test for lacrimal evaluation in children. PMID- 3154538 TI - Dermis grafts in socket reconstruction. AB - The feasibility of using dermis in socket reconstruction is explored in the rabbit. The results indicate that dermis may be a suitable source of graft material where mucous membrane replacement is needed. Histological sections of the grafts are provided and are contrasted with scleral grafts, a substance whose behavior is socket surgery has been studied previously. A clinical case is presented also of a patient with a severely contracted anophthalmic socket who was reconstructed successfully with a dermis graft. PMID- 3154540 TI - Lid crease caliper. PMID- 3154539 TI - A simplified technique for recession of the upper eyelid retractors. AB - A simplified technique for the correction of the eyelid retraction in Graves' ophthalmopathy, having the advantage of being performed as on office procedure, is described. PMID- 3154541 TI - Resolution of conjunctival prolapse. PMID- 3154542 TI - Oriental eyelids. Anatomic difference and surgical consideration. AB - Fashions change with time and beauty standards differ in different cultures. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of immigrants to the United States from the Orient. The creation of an upper eyelid crease has been for the past several decades the most popular cosmetic procedure in many Asian countries. In order to perform this procedure to the satisfaction of an Oriental patient, the surgeon must know what the patient perceives as beautiful and the anatomic differences between the Oriental and the Occidental eyelids. In this paper with data collected from over 3,600 patients, we are presenting important statistics that enables the surgeon to understand better the Oriental mind and facilitate communications. The anatomic difference in the upper eyelid is also discussed. PMID- 3154543 TI - Control of lacrimal secretion after sphenopalatine ganglion block. AB - Tear secretion with topical anesthesia ("Basal secretion") was measured in 10 normal subjects using Schirmer's tear strips before and after a sphenopalatine ganglion block. In an additional three normal subjects, tear turnover was determined with an objective fluorophotometer both before and after sphenopalatine ganglion block. The sphenopalatine ganglion block was obtained by the injection of the lidocaine (2%) into the sphenopalatine fossa. Topical anesthesia (proparacaine 0.5%) was used prior to all measurements. Tear secretion with topical ocular anesthesia was reduced substantially by sphenopalatine block, as measured by either Schirmer's strips or objective fluorophotometry. The more exact fluorophotometric method recorded a complete cessation of tear turnover flow following ganglion block. These findings support other reports, suggesting that all tear secretion is under neurologic control and dependent on reflex stimulation. PMID- 3154544 TI - Orbicularis muscle pathology after botulinum toxin injection. AB - A 49-year-old woman underwent 1 year (six injections) of botulinum toxin treatments for essential blepharospasm. When she became dissatisfied with the need for repeat injections, she elected to undergo an orbicularis muscle stripping procedure for control of spasms. Pathologic examination of the orbicularis muscles showed only minimal degenerative changes. Botulinum toxin injection into the orbicularis is known to provide only temporary relief of essential blepharospasm. This may be because the resulting orbicularis atrophy is insufficient to maintain permanent control of these spasms. PMID- 3154545 TI - Surgical management of squamous cell carcinoma of the lid. AB - A series of 12 patients with eyelid squamous cell carcinoma was studied retrospectively with emphasis on the clinical presentation, management, and results. Of the five cases that constituted our personal experience, surgical excision with frozen-section control was an efficacious mode of treatment. In the overall series, there were no cases of regional lymph node metastasis and no tumor deaths. One patient required orbital exenteration. The methods of surgical extirpation of the tumor with frozen-section control, as advocated by the authors, are similar to those used in the management of basal cell carcinoma and other eyelid neoplasms. Because of the potential lethality of squamous cell carcinoma, a wider excision than that usually performed for basal cell carcinoma is recommended, as is close postoperative follow-up. PMID- 3154546 TI - Intraconal dermoid cyst. A case report. AB - We report an unusual dermoid cyst that was located entirely within the muscle cone. The delineation of the tumor was enhanced preoperatively by using an MRI scan in conjunction with the CT scan and ultrasonography. PMID- 3154548 TI - The Tensilon test using a three-way stopcock and double syringe. AB - The use of Tensilon (edrophonium chloride) is important in the diagnostic evaluation of many ptosis patients. A three-way stopcock with double syringe allows concomitant administration of atropine to counteract the cholinergic side effects of edrophonium. PMID- 3154547 TI - Cystic lesions of the eyelid following ptosis repair. AB - The formation of epithelial cysts and pseudocysts of the eyelid is an uncommon complication of ptosis surgery. These lesions may originate at the time of surgery from the burying of conjunctival epithelium, from obstruction of the gland of Krause, or from injury to the main lacrimal gland or duct. Although surgical excision effectively cures lesions stemming from buried conjunctiva or obstruction of the gland of Krause, lacrimal gland pseudocysts must be drained into the conjunctival fornix. These complications are best avoided by a thorough understanding of eyelid anatomy and by meticulous surgical dissection. PMID- 3154549 TI - A review of lacrimal drainage surgery. AB - The advent of improved silicone intubation sets, increased understanding of lacrimal and nasal anatomy and physiology, and refinements in surgical instrumentation and technique have led to higher success rates in lacrimal surgery. Recent clinical studies, combined with new techniques in canalicular reconstruction, have helped identify which patients will benefit from surgical intervention and which techniques are indicated. Fortunately, this has greatly reduced the number of CDCRs necessary. PMID- 3154551 TI - The use of mucous membrane from the hard palate in the treatment of trichiasis and cicatricial entropion. AB - I have discussed a technique for grafting hard palate mucous membrane to the lid margin as a treatment for trichiasis. Because of the resistance of this material to shrinkage and recurrence of trichiasis, it forms an excellent barrier to recurrence of trichiasis. PMID- 3154550 TI - Orbital complications of paranasal sinus surgery. AB - Despite the low complication rate from surgery of the paranasal sinuses, orbital injury may be seen in up to 3% of all procedures. These complications include orbital edema, orbital hemorrhage, enophthalmos, extraocular muscle injury, and nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The most devastating complication is blindness, usually resulting from optic nerve compression with central retinal artery occlusion, or direct injury to the nerve itself. Early recognition of orbital injury during sinus surgery and appropriate intervention may prevent later, more serious ophthalmic complications. PMID- 3154552 TI - Decompression of the optic nerve in the optic canal. A transorbital approach. AB - Blindness can result from pressure on the optic nerve in the optic canal, either from trauma or from neoplasm. The usefulness, timing, and technique of surgical decompression of the optic canal remains controversial. The present paper describes eight patients with optic nerve compression, who had the optic nerve decompressed through a transorbital approach. Because this technique is technically simple and is associated with a low morbidity, it offers a treatment alternative to this difficult group of patients. PMID- 3154554 TI - Treatment of hemifacial spasm with botulinum A toxin. Results and rationale. AB - Hemifacial spasm is characterized by unilateral, periodic, tonic contractions of facial muscles, thought to be caused by mechanical compression at the root-exit zone of the facial nerve. Electrophysiologic abnormalities such as ectopic excitation and synkinesis are typical. Although posterior fossa microsurgical nerve decompression is successful in bringing about relief of the spasm in most cases, it carries a risk to hearing. As an alternative treatment, 15 patients with hemifacial spasm were given a total of 41 sets of injections with botulinum A toxin, with a mean follow-up of 14.3 +/- 1.1 months. Relief of symptoms lasted a mean of 108.3 +/- 4.2 days. Mild transient lagophthalmos and ptosis were the only complications. Although the exact mechanism of its action and beneficial effect is speculative at this time, botulinum A toxin appears to offer an effective, safe alternative to more radical intracranial surgery for patients with hemifacial spasm. PMID- 3154553 TI - Orbital pseudotumor of the levator muscle. AB - A 58-year-old white man with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia developed proptosis and an improvement in his ptosis from a mass in the superior orbit. A biopsy showed the mass to consist of an inflammatory mass of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. As the inflammatory mass responded to periorbital and systemic steroids, the ptosis recurred. Inflammatory pseudotumor of the levator muscle is extremely unusual and has not been reported previously in patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. PMID- 3154555 TI - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. Case report and review of the literature. AB - A 12-year-old girl was diagnosed as having mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. To our knowledge, only 14 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lacrimal gland have been reported in the literature; this is the first case occurring in a child. Clinically, this tumor presented as a painless proptosis with inferonasal displacement of the globe. Histologically, it showed infiltrating lobules of neoplastic cells consisting of epidermoid cells admixed with mucin-containing cells and a mild lymphocytic infiltration in the stroma. The mucous cells stained positively with periodic acid-Schiff, Alcian blue, and mucicarmine dyes, but resisted digestion with hyaluronidase. This case illustrates that one should not exclude any diagnostic possibility just because the patient does not seem to belong to the appropriate age group. PMID- 3154556 TI - Intranasal procedures for successful lacrimal surgery. AB - Successful lacrimal surgery requires specialized knowledge of intranasal surgical anatomy. The clearance of the lower nasolacrimal duct relative to the inferior turbinate and the relationship of dacryocystorhinostomy and conjunctivodac ryocystorhinostomy sites to upper nasal septum and anterior middle turbinate are not encountered in traditional cosmetic rhinoplasty or procedures for nasal airway obstruction. Intranasal procedures to facilitate lacrimal surgery are described. PMID- 3154557 TI - Demonstration of nasolacrimal duct carcinoma by computed tomography. AB - Nasolacrimal duct neoplasms are unusual; when they do occur, clinical findings and contrast dacryocystography generally are utilized to establish the diagnosis. We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the nasolacrimal duct in which computed tomography was used to confirm the diagnosis and define the extent of the tumor. PMID- 3154559 TI - Surgical reconstruction of a difficult orbital cleft. AB - The natural history of an untreated coloboma with an orbital cleft in a 14-year old girl is presented. The method of the surgical reconstruction of this defect is presented in detail: in a single operation the bony cleft was repaired and grafted, the globe was enucleated, and the lids and sockets were reconstituted. PMID- 3154558 TI - Evolution and current concepts in the surgical treatment of the anophthalmic orbit. PMID- 3154560 TI - Treatment of upper eyelid entropion. Lid split surgery and fibrin sealing of free skin transplants. AB - The repair of severe upper eyelid entropion with trichiasis was reported early in ophthalmological literature; a historical review of the main operative techniques is provided. The aim of treatment is to bring the eyelashes away from the lid margin. Recent procedures use an upward transposition of the anterior lamella, which is performed by a lid split technique. The free anterior tarsal surface must be covered by a free, autologous skin graft or mucous-membrane graft to stabilize the free lid margin and to prevent the tarsal plate from shrinking. A fibrin-sealing method is used for the fixation of the graft on the tarsus, thus making sutures unnecessary. The anterior tarsal surface is covered by the fibrin glued transplant, which prevents the posterior lamella from shrinking and does not allow the lashes to descend to the lid margin again. The results of using this new method on seven patients are presented. PMID- 3154561 TI - Orbital infections in the immunocompromised patient. AB - In humans, a variety of immunodeficiency states have been recognized whereby infectious agents gain access to the body and produce disease. The orbit may become involved following injury or surgery, through spread of infection from surrounding structures, or by metastatic seeding from a distant source. Orbital infections associated with immunodeficiency represent a special problem in diagnosis and management for the ophthalmologist. Twenty-four patients with immunodeficiency-associated orbital infections who illustrate a wide range of factors associated with immunodeficiency, agents that produce infection, ophthalmic signs that result, and effects of antimicrobial therapy are presented. PMID- 3154562 TI - Repair of acute common canalicular avulsion by angular vein grafting. AB - Traumatic avulsion of the common canaliculus was repaired in one patient by using a segment of the angular vein as an autograft. The vein graft served as a functional anastomosis between the lacrimal sac and both upper and lower canaliculi. The technique is a viable alternative for functional repair of the acutely lacerated lacrimal drainage system in which canalicular tissue is missing. PMID- 3154563 TI - Intralesional 5-fluorouracil for keratoacanthoma of the eyelid. AB - Keratoacanthoma of the lower eyelid developed in two patients. In the first case, conventional excision biopsy necessitated a large eyelid reconstruction procedure. In the second case, 5-fluorouracil was injected into the base of the keratoacanthoma. Both treatments resulted in complete resolution of the lesion with excellent cosmesis. Thus, intralesional 5-fluorouracil can be useful for keratoacanthomas of the eyelid in patients who are not good candidates for surgery. PMID- 3154564 TI - Acquired blepharophimosis in a patient with juvenile blepharospasm. AB - At 4 years of age, a young girl with Schwartz-Jampel syndrome developed blepharospasm with resultant blepharophimosis. Her eyelids and facial features had been normal until that time. While these rare ocular abnormalities may be present together in patients with this syndrome, the relationship between them has not been explained. We theorize that constant orbicularis squeezing in the pediatric age group retards full eyelid development and leads to acquired blepharophimosis. PMID- 3154565 TI - Dacryocystitis following Kawasaki's disease. AB - A 6 1/2-year-old white male child had developed bilateral dacryocystitis 1 year earlier, approximately 6 months after resolution of the acute phase of Kawasaki's disease. The patient had had no previous history of dacryostenosis or epiphora. After he failed to respond to appropriate antibiotic therapy, probing was partially successful on the right side, but complete obstruction persisted on the left side. At age 7 1/2 years, dacryocystorhinostomy was performed successfully on the left side. To our knowledge, dacryocystitis has not been reported previously following Kawasaki's disease. Other reported ocular complications of Kawasaki's disease, with the exception of a case of bilateral conjunctival scarring, have occurred in the acute phase of the disease. PMID- 3154566 TI - Ptosis associated with fatty infiltration of Muller's muscle and levator muscle. AB - Prominent fatty infiltration of Muller's muscle and the anterior levator muscle was noted at the time of surgery in nine of 115 patients undergoing external levator resection for ptosis. This distribution of adipose tissue was confirmed by light microscopy. Fatty infiltration appeared to be a degenerative change found in adults with congenital and acquired ptosis. Preoperatively these patients exhibited moderate to severe ptosis, fair to good levator function, and no elevation of the lid crease. The desired postoperative results were achieved with standard external levator resection and advancement techniques. The fatty appearance may lead to difficulty in identifying customary anatomical landmarks during surgery. With the exception of Horner's syndrome, abnormalities of Muller's muscle have not previously been described in association with ptosis, to these authors' knowledge. PMID- 3154567 TI - Developmental abnormalities of the eyelids. The 1985 Wendell Hughes lecture. PMID- 3154568 TI - Orbital cellulitis with periosteal elevation. AB - Computerized tomography scan evidence of periosteal elevation in patients with orbital cellulitis is interpreted in the current medical literature as an indication of subperiosteal abscess. We present three such cases in which surgical drainage yielded clear fluid or granulation tissue rather than pus. A fourth case resolved on antibiotic therapy alone. Cases of periosteal elevation that resolve without surgery may represent inflammatory effusion, infections of lesser virulence, or propagation of granulation tissue rather than true abscesses. We suggest that periosteal elevation seen in patients with orbital cellulitis should represent a relative rather than an absolute indication for drainage surgery. PMID- 3154570 TI - A structurally oriented approach to the repair of cicatricial entropion. AB - A modified technique for the repair of moderate to severe cicatricial entropion has been developed. This method is unique, as it involves the creation of a bipedicled tarsoconjunctival advancement flap. The technique avoids the causes of surgical failure seen with standard tarsal fracturing procedures. PMID- 3154569 TI - Enophthalmos and upper eyelid retraction following osteoplastic frontal sinusotomy. AB - A 38-year-old man presented with hyperophthalmia, enophthalmos, and upper eyelid retraction 18 months following an osteoplastic flap and frontal sinus obliteration for mucocele. Computerized tomography confirmed the presence of frontal bone absorption in the roof of the orbit with traction and elevation of the orbital contents into the obliterated frontal sinus. A fracture of the orbital roof with penetration of periorbita at the time of original surgery was the suspected precipitating cause of the complication. Surgical management included lysis of the cicatrix between the orbit and frontal sinus and interposition of a silicone sheet between the orbit and sinus, which restored the appropriate anatomic relationships and prevented recurrence. PMID- 3154571 TI - Treatment of blepharospasm with high dose brow injection of botulinum toxin. AB - We treated 12 patients who had essential blepharospasm with brow and eyelid injections of botulinum toxin. The eyelid injections were kept constant while varying doses were used in the brow. The duration of the effect of the toxin was longer and the degree of improvement greater in those patients receiving more than 20 U in the brow than in those receiving less than 20 U. However, the degree of improvement in spasm intensity in those patients receiving greater than 20 U was similar. Ptosis occurred in seven patients. No systemic side effects were noted. PMID- 3154572 TI - Coexistent orbital dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and bilateral lymphoid hyperplasia. AB - A 72-year-old man had secondary orbital involvement with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans 36 years after removal of the initial tumor on his forehead. In addition, multiple bilateral inferior orbital masses were present, which on pathologic examination proved to be reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Serum immunoelectrophoresis revealed polyclonal elevations of IgG and IgA. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is part of the spectrum of fibrohistiocytic tumors that also includes atypical fibroxanthoma and benign and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The exact cell of origin of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is controversial, though immunohistochemical study of our specimen supports the fibroblast. The coexistence of this rare orbital tumor with noncontiguous reactive lymphoid hyperplasia is unique, and points out the fact that multiple orbital masses may indicate more than one underlying disease process. PMID- 3154573 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the orbit. A case report and review of the literature. AB - Leiomyosarcoma has been rarely encountered in the orbit. Leiomyosarcoma may arise as a primary tumor in the orbit, metastasize from distant sites to the orbit, extend into the orbit from the paranasal sinuses, or appear after radiation therapy to the orbit. The 43-year-old female patient described in this paper underwent excision of a leiomyosarcoma in the subcutaneous tissue of the buttock. Seven years later, a leiomyosarcoma in the medial orbit was removed. The clinical course of this patient's disease was similar to that of other subcutaneous leiomyosarcomas documented in the literature. Gynecological history was remarkable for a leiomyoma of the uterus, an interesting association found in at least one other case in the literature. This was the third documented case of metastatic leiomyosarcoma in the orbit. PMID- 3154574 TI - Breast carcinoma metastatic to the orbit. AB - Breast carcinoma metastatic to the orbit presented in four patients as a diffuse mass lesion. Clinical findings included restricted ocular motility, palpable mass, enophthalmos, and ptosis. The delay in diagnosis in three cases was due to subtle early findings, the long time interval from the primary breast lesion, lack of other metastases, and, in each of the four cases, the patient's reluctance to disclose any history of breast disease. Pathologic examination of the orbital breast metastases revealed two types: an adenocarcinomatous pattern with nests of pleomorphic malignant appearing cells and a histiocytoid variant with bland, large cells similar to histiocytes. PMID- 3154576 TI - Fire in surgery. PMID- 3154575 TI - Jaeger eyelid plate made from Pyrex glass. PMID- 3154578 TI - A concept and a method to prevent failures in lacrimal surgery. AB - Intubation keeps the lacrimal system patent, and frequent irrigation removes detained debris. A temporary drainage and irrigation system was designed and led to a permanent success after revision of very complicated dacryocystorhinostomy obstruction recurrences in five of six cases. PMID- 3154577 TI - Solitary metastasis of choroidal melanoma to the contralateral eyelid. AB - A 60-year-old man developed a subcutaneous mass in the right lower eyelid 2 1/2 years after enucleation of the left eye for a mixed-cell-type choroidal melanoma. Excision of the subcutaneous eyelid mass revealed the tumor to be a malignant melanoma composed of spindle B cells similar to those in the intraocular tumor. The patient's systemic evaluation, including liver enzymes, has remained normal, with no signs of further metastasis and no evidence of another primary melanoma for 14 months of postexcision follow-up. The significance of the rare occurrence of isolated metastatic melanoma from the choroid of one eye to the eyelid of the other is discussed. PMID- 3154579 TI - Treatment of upper eyelid entropion. PMID- 3154580 TI - Incidence and treatment of dural exposure and CSF leak during orbital exenteration. AB - Thirty-nine cases of orbital exenteration performed at the Orbital Unit of the University of Naples during a 10-year period are reviewed. The incidence of dural exposure and CSF leaks is evaluated and related to the different pathologies. The appropriate treatments of these complications are discussed. PMID- 3154582 TI - Autogenous fat grafting by injection. AB - We describe our technique of fat grafting by injection for the repair of facial contour deformities. The technique involves removal of fat by liposuction, treatment with insulin, and then injection into the area of contour deformity. The efficacy of insulin treatment remains unproven. Pre and post injected fat is examined histologically. PMID- 3154581 TI - Pitfalls of autogenous lipodermal implantation to the orbit. AB - Autogenous kinetic lipodermal implantation in the orbit is an effective postenucleation procedure that gives optimal socket volume, motility, and cosmesis. The major complication of autogenous lipodermal implantation is graft atrophy. Other minor complications are infection, hair retention, conjunctival cysts, wound dehiscence, and suture granuloma. We presented a systematic description of the technique emphasizing prevention of complications by proper selection of patients, meticulously performed surgery, and appropriate postoperative management. In particular, attention should be paid to atraumatic dissection of the socket-respecting surgical anatomy, hemostasis, identification and placement of sutures in the extraocular muscles, atraumatic and aseptic manipulation of the graft, and proper anastomosis of the graft to the recipient bed. PMID- 3154584 TI - Subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse. AB - Subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse is a benign entity in which fat herniates through Tenon's capsule. It is often confused with other lesions such as lacrimal gland tumors, lymphoid tumors and lipodermoids. The clinical and computed tomographic findings in a series of 15 patients are presented, and the features that are helpful in the differential diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 3154583 TI - The technique of cranial bone grafts in the correction of posttraumatic orbital deformities. AB - The technique of split-thickness cranial bone graft for reconstructive orbital surgery, is reported in five patients who sustained extensive orbital trauma. This technique involves exposing the skull via a coronal scalp incision, after which the cranial bone is split in situ along the diploe. The outer table of the cranial bone is then used as a graft to correct orbital defects and other associated bony deformities. Cranial bone grafts have several advantages over other graft sites in orbital reconstruction, including more rapid postoperative recovery, close proximity of donor site to recipient site, and improved survival of cranial bone grafts in experimental studies. Cranial bone grafts are an important source of autogenous tissue for the reconstructive surgeon. PMID- 3154586 TI - Unilateral invasive xanthelasma palpebrarum. AB - We describe an unusual case of an aggressively invasive, recurrent xanthelasma palpebrarum which was unilateral in its occurrence. Despite characteristics that appeared malignantly invasive clinically, the lesion was benign. The surgical treatment consisted of wide excision and resurfacing of the eyelids with full thickness skin grafts. PMID- 3154585 TI - Complications following enucleation and implantation of multiple glass spheres in the orbit. AB - The technique of subperiosteal implantation of multiple, small glass beads for correction of enophthalmos associated with anophthalmos was first described in 1967. Reported complications of this procedure include ptosis, anesthesia of the distribution of the supraorbital or infraorbital nerve, and migration of the implants into the orbit or sinuses. A case of orbital cellulitis has been reported. We now report a case in which the extremely serious complication of intracranial migration of glass bead implants, with subsequent cerebrospinal fluid leak, occurred 17 years postimplantation. PMID- 3154587 TI - The modified Ambos lacrimal stent. AB - The described silastic intubation method is workable and predictable and is an advisable therapeutic principle in congenital and acquired dacryostenoses. It represents a new method of introducing silastic tubing into the nasolacrimal excretory system. PMID- 3154588 TI - Meibomian gland dysfunction in floppy eyelid syndrome. AB - A 41-year-old obese man presented with bilateral ocular irritation and clinical findings consistent with floppy eyelid syndrome. Light- and electron-microscopic examination of tarsus removed at surgical correction revealed cystic degeneration and squamous metaplasia of the meibomian glands, along with abnormal keratinization and granuloma formation. These findings, not reported before in this syndrome, suggest that meibomian gland dysfunction with attendant qualitative abnormalities of the tear film, may be partly responsible for the keratoconjunctivitis seen in this syndrome. PMID- 3154590 TI - Infracanalicular full-thickness transverse blepharotomy for medical ectropion. AB - Procedures performed for total lid ectropion often fail to correct medial ectropion of the lower eyelid. Described herein is a technique of infracanalicular full-thickness transverse blepharotomy using rotational sutures for the treatment of medial ectropion. This procedure has been very useful for recurrent medial ectropion and also as a primary procedure. Concomitant canthal laxity should also be corrected. PMID- 3154589 TI - The effect of blepharoptosis on the field of vision. AB - Upper eyelid position, pupillary diameter, and visual field impairment were measured in 26 eyes with adult-onset blepharoptosis. The magnitude of superior visual field impairment was inversely proportional to the distance between the upper lid margin and the pupillary aperture. The distance between the upper lid and the central corneal reflex was the most useful measurement for predicting visual field impairment. Superior visual field impairment was present when the distance between the upper lid and the central corneal reflex was less than 2.5 mm. Visual field impairment inferiorly, temporally, and nasally occurred when the central corneal reflex was obscured and less than 1.5 mm of the vertical diameter of the pupil was visible. Observation of the relationship between the upper eyelid and the pupillary aperture provides useful information for the performance of accurate diagnostic perimetry, as well as for the management of blepharoptosis. PMID- 3154591 TI - Bio-electric conductivity potentials in experimental skin grafts. AB - Prior investigations have established that changes in bio-electric potentials accompany the processes of wound creation and healing. In order to investigate these changes in an experimental full-thickness skin graft model, grafts were harvested from the dorsa of eight albino rabbits. Changes in potential were recorded over a period of 32 days, using silver-silver chloride electrodes and a recording polygraph. The potential measured across the skin graft became increasingly more electropositive until, between days 1 and 2, the potential abruptly reversed polarity. This negative potential lasted until day 4, when the conductivity again became positive, with a slow return to baseline measurements by day 32. Although these observations may indicate a bio-electric counterpart to the cellular events of wound healing, more study is needed. PMID- 3154592 TI - Asian blepharoplasty. Update on anatomy and techniques. AB - Recent advances in the understanding of eyelid anatomy in Caucasians and Asians are presented. Various techniques of lid crease operations are then described. A modified technique, combining excision of the skin, orbicularis, orbital septum, and preaponeurotic fat pad, and coupled with supratarsal fixation of the skin to the levator aponeurosis, is used by the author to achieve more predictable and long-lasting postoperative results. PMID- 3154593 TI - Management of ptosis in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. AB - Patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) are often disabled by ptosis; however, conventional ptosis surgery may induce lagophthalmos and exposure keratitis. Ten patients with CPEO underwent ptosis correction via bilateral frontalis suspensions, using monofilament synthetic material. Three of these patients were also treated with lower eyelid horizontal tightening. The frontalis sling was adjusted to provide a firm linkage between the eyebrow and eyelid, but was loose enough to allow eyelid closure when the frontalis muscle is relaxed. All patients experienced lessening of ptosis and relief from visual obstruction. One patient required reoperation of one eyelid for undercorrection. No lagophthalmos or corneal complications occurred. The rationale for treatment, preoperative evaluation, and operative procedure in CPEO is discussed herein. PMID- 3154594 TI - An acute inflammatory reaction to silicone stents. AB - Silicone stents are commonly used to intubate the nasolacrimal system, and are left in place for several months. They are generally well-tolerated, but are not without complications. We report an unusual inflammatory reaction associated with the presence of a silicone stent that occurred in an individual who previously rejected several silicone implants in her metatarsal joints. The possible etiology and significance of a silicone allergy are discussed. PMID- 3154595 TI - Orbital reconstruction with proplast. AB - Proplast was implanted in 15 cases of orbital reconstruction. Seven cases were orbital floor fractures, four cases were phthisical enophthalmos, and four cases were anophthalmic enophthalmos. In orbital floor fracture cases, thin (2-mm) Proplast was placed onto the fractured orbital floor after the incarcerated orbital tissue was released. To correct the enophthalmic socket, Proplast was shaped into small pieces (10 x 5 x 2 mm), then inserted into the subperiosteal space from all directions to fill up the orbital cavity. The results of these 15 cases were satisfactory. The average follow-up period is 13 months. The increased orbital volume seems less than the volume of the implanted Proplast; therefore, we suggest an 80-90% overcorrection rate in accordance with the computer measurements. In sum, Proplast serves as a very good material for orbital floor reconstruction and volume replacement. PMID- 3154596 TI - Diagnosis of orbital and periorbital tumors. Use of monoclonal antibodies to cytoplasmic antigens (intermediate filaments). AB - Histopathology provides a definitive diagnosis in the majority of orbital and periorbital tumor biopsies. Occasionally, a tumor cannot be diagnosed by conventional histopathologic means, or the diagnosis is suspect. Special stains have been the primary diagnostic alternative in the past; more recently they have been supplemented with electron microscopy. Immunocytochemistry, classification using monoclonal antibodies to specific cellular antigens, has added a new modality to pathologic diagnosis. Immunocytochemistry can aid in diagnosis in three ways: (a) suggestion of a firm diagnosis, (b) selection from a histopathologic differential, or (c) direction for further evaluation such as special stains or electron microscopy. Immunocytochemistry rarely provides a definitive diagnosis but instead confirms the histopathologic diagnosis. Intermediate filaments are cytoplasmic antigens to which monoclonal antibodies are available. Five antigenically distinct groups of intermediate filaments can help classify tumors derived from mesenchymal, muscle, epithelial, glial, or neural cells. Six cases of orbital or periorbital tumors are presented, which demonstrate the usefulness of intermediate filament immunocytochemistry for classification or confirmation of a histopathologic diagnosis. PMID- 3154597 TI - Polytetrafluoroethylene as a graft material in ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery. An experimental and clinical study. AB - A clinical and experimental study was performed to demonstrate the usefulness of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a graft material in ophthalmic plastic surgery. PTFE is non-antigenic, autoclavable, inert, and incorporated into surrounding tissue through fibrous ingrowth. PTFE implanted into rabbit eyelids for periods ranging from 2 to 21 weeks was examined grossly and microscopically. PTFE left uncovered by a conjunctival flap extruded; PTFE covered by a conjunctival flap was well tolerated without inflammation or extrusion and demonstrated dense fibrous capsular development with fibrous ingrowth along suture tracts and extensive vascular ingrowth. Fibrous tissue showed minimal growth into intrafiber pore spaces. PTFE was implanted into seven anophthalmic patients (one patch graft and six PTFE-wrapped secondary implants), with a postoperative follow-up of from 6 to 13 months. The material was well tolerated without extrusion, granuloma formation, or irritation. PTFE offers advantages over other graft materials and appears to be a useful addition to ophthalmic plastic surgery. PMID- 3154598 TI - Orbital cyst formation associated with Gelfilm use. AB - Two patients developed cystic lesions in the anterior orbit 21 and 26 months after repair of blow-out fracture with orbital floor Gelfilm implants. Both patients had associated motility disturbances. Both lesions were surgically excised and found to be cystic in nature and filled with glistening gelatinous material consistent with partially absorbed, encysted gelatin film (Gelfilm). Histologically, a fibrous capsule was present; the contents of the cyst were not pathologically identifiable since they dissolved during fixation. Postoperatively, the motility disturbances improved in each patient. PMID- 3154599 TI - The anatomy and histology of the anophthalmic socket--is the myofibroblast present? AB - For some anophthalmic patients, the contracted socket is a severe problem that precludes the wearing of a prosthesis. A normal and cosmetically acceptable appearance is dependent on the ability of a socket to retain a prosthesis. The disfigurement and distress caused by the contracted socket and its inability to accommodate a prosthesis may have a profound detrimental effect on the patient's career, self-esteem, and psychosocial interactions. The tissue dynamics at work in the anophthalmic socket and in the contracting socket are not yet understood. There are many unanswered questions regarding the histology and anatomy of the normal, as well as the contracting, socket. The tissue responsible for clinical contraction has not been identified. This thesis, using the cynomolgus monkey socket as an experimental model, investigated healing in both the normal and contracting socket. Qualitative observations of the anatomy and histology of eight sockets were made. Two of the sockets were treated with Croton oil to induce contractions. Biopsy specimens from two human sockets, one contracted and the other merely volume deficient, were also examined. Histopathology of the normal and contracting sockets were compared. Myosin subfragment 1 staining of actin for electron microscopy and immunoperoxidase staining of actin for light microscopy were performed on selected specimens. The myofibroblast, probably a modified fibroblast, is known to be present in the early stages of open wound healing and in contracting scar tissue elsewhere in the body. The myofibroblast has been incriminated as an agent generating contractile force. Under the conditions of this experiment, cells with the characteristics of myofibroblasts were identified by both immunoperoxidase staining and electron microscopy. They were found in healing noncontracting and contracting sockets. Cytoplasmic actin was also distinguished in arterioles, venules, capillaries, myoepithelial cells, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle. PMID- 3154600 TI - Ocular adnexal injury and complications in orbital dog bites. AB - Orbital dog bites, though statistically uncommon, occur most frequently in children and are associated with severe ocular adnexal injury. Of 16 victims, two thirds were under 10 and over half under 5 years of age. The wounds consisted of numerous periorbital punctures, and in most cases, full-thickness lid lacerations involving the tear system. There were no serious injuries to the globe. Reversible amblyopia occurred in two children under 3 years of age with damage to the levator muscle. One child suffered a naso-orbital fracture. Because of the obvious nature of the injury, most patients present early and can be managed well with meticulous wound care and primary surgical repair. The use of prophylactic antibiotics, though controversial, appears prudent in such cases. Ophthalmologists treating these injuries must be aware of serious potential complications including occult facial fracture or intracranial penetration in young children, septicemia caused by bacillus DF-2 in patients with prior splenectomy, tetanus, and rabies. PMID- 3154601 TI - The treatment of animal bite injuries of the eye and ocular adnexa. AB - Animal bites to the eye and ocular adnexa may result in significant morbidity. Management includes wound care and surgical repair of traumatized tissue, treatment of infection (most commonly Pasteurella multocida), appropriate tetanus and rabies prophylaxis, and notification of state public health officials. PMID- 3154602 TI - Three-dimensional computed tomographic imaging. AB - Recent developments in imaging techniques now allow reconstruction of actual three-dimensional images from computed tomographic data. This article discusses the basic concepts involved in three-dimensional imaging and reviews its potential as a diagnostic and management tool for the clinical ophthalmologist. New computer techniques allow review of actual three-dimensional images in both static and dynamic formats. This can allow the clinician to define more accurately a normal and pathologic anatomy involving skeletal structures in particular. PMID- 3154603 TI - Evisceration of the eye with expansion sclerotomies. AB - An evisceration procedure is described that permits the use of a large implant, even when the cornea is removed. A recent study has revealed that there is a significant incidence of implant extrusion after the traditional evisceration operation. This new procedure not only permits the use of larger implants when indicated, but the possibility of implant extrusion is minimized by a secure, tension-free anterior wound closure. This is accomplished by the use of multiple sclerotomies that expand the scleral shell, by use of fixation sutures between implant and shell that additionally reduce tension on the wound closure, and by the imbrication of the anterior scleral flaps to enhance the strength of the closure. PMID- 3154604 TI - Eyelid reconstruction using temporary tissue expanders and cartilage grafts. AB - Temporary tissue expanders have been used in general plastic surgery to expand skin for breast reconstruction and for scar revision. A specifically designed eyelid tissue expander was used to reconstruct both upper and lower eyelids in a patient suffering a severe lye burn. The implant consists of an expander and a reservoir, connected by silicone tubing. The implants are inserted into the remnant of both eyelids and expanded slowly with multiple injections of saline into the reservoir. After full expansion is achieved the expanders are removed and ear cartilage grafts inserted into the eyelids. The newly created eyelids resemble normal eyelids. The technique of tissue expansion has had very limited use in oculoplastic surgery but new applications are waiting to be discovered. PMID- 3154605 TI - "Looking through water" is not always indicative of a lacrimal problem. PMID- 3154606 TI - A study of 122 cases of pancreatic cancer diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). PMID- 3154608 TI - The stress exercise test and oxygen uptake in normal Korean men. PMID- 3154607 TI - Analyses of RBC insulin receptor bindings in chronic liver disease. PMID- 3154609 TI - A study on late allergic reactions to house dust mite in bronchial asthmatics. PMID- 3154610 TI - Trial of specific antigen-mediated leukocyte adherence inhibition test in patients with chronic active hepatitis and hepatitis B carrier. PMID- 3154611 TI - Infections in acute leukemia: a retrospective study of 148 patients. PMID- 3154612 TI - High 24-hour urinary C-peptide excretion in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3154613 TI - Normal predicted values of single-breath diffusing capacity of the lung in healthy nonsmoking adults. PMID- 3154614 TI - Frequency of detectable HBsAg in fluid adherent to the endoscope, gastric juice, and saliva collected during endoscopy in patients positive for HBsAg. PMID- 3154615 TI - The effects of diet and exercise in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3154616 TI - Endoscopic sphincteropapillotomy: an analysis of 108 cases. PMID- 3154617 TI - Plasma apolipoproteins and lipids in normal persons and patients with hypertension. PMID- 3154619 TI - Endobronchial tuberculosis: clinical and bronchofiberscopic features. PMID- 3154618 TI - Endoscopic Nd-YAG laser therapy for gastric polyp. PMID- 3154620 TI - Epidemiologic study of hepatitis B in pregnant Korean women. PMID- 3154621 TI - Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in Korean patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. PMID- 3154622 TI - A large pedunculated left ventricular thrombus with recurrent systemic thromboembolism in a young man. PMID- 3154623 TI - Occupational asthma caused by nickel and zinc. PMID- 3154624 TI - Hyperkalemia by beta-fluoroethylacetate: a report of 2 cases. AB - - - - -- ---------------ABSTRACT------------------------- P4 PMID- 3154625 TI - The renin-angiotensin system: an overview of its intracellular function. AB - The enzyme renin has been purified and characterized by structural analysis. Pure renin protein was used to produce a specific antibody to renin, which was useful in demonstrating the presence of a specific renin in many tissues other than kidney. Further, in these cells angiotensins I and II and converting enzyme all were found to coexist with renin by immunohistochemical studies, indicating the local production of renin, angiotensinogen and angiotensins in these cells. Angiotensin II produced in the cultured cells was secreted to the outside of the cells. Secretion of angiotensin II from the angiotensin-producing cells was demonstrated with perfused mesenteric artery. The secretion of angiotensin II from the vascular beds was inhibited by converting enzyme inhibitors, and was stimulated by the adrenergic beta-agonist isoproterenol. These studies demonstrate local production and controlled secretion of angiotensin II and define its physiologic role. PMID- 3154626 TI - Molecular studies of human renin synthesis and gene expression. PMID- 3154627 TI - Adrenal renin: a possible local hormonal regulator of aldosterone production. AB - The complete renin-angiotensin system is present in the adrenal cortex: prorenin, renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin I and II, and converting enzyme. Most of the renin found is probably synthesized there since the renin concentration increases after nephrectomy, and the mRNA for renin is present. The renin-angiotensin system has the highest activity in the zona glomerulosa cells, the site of aldosterone formation. A low-sodium diet or a high-potassium diet, or nephrectomy markedly increases the adrenal renin concentration in the zona glomerulosa cells without any effect on the fasciculata-medullary cells. There is a close correlation between adrenal renin and aldosterone production. The adrenal renin angiotensin system may be a local regulator of aldosterone production. PMID- 3154628 TI - Renin in the female reproductive system. AB - The female reproductive system is characterized by the presence of local renin angiotensin systems within the ovary and within the uterine lining. In the human ovary, renin arises from theca cells. In the uterus, the endometrium (uterine lining in the nonpregnant state) and the decidua (uterine lining in the pregnant state) are the major sources of renin. The primary form of renin produced by these extrarenal sources is prorenin. Angiotensin II, the active component of the renin cascade has a number of potential roles in the ovary and uterus. A key observation is that the human ovum and fetus is bathed in fluids rich in prorenin and angiotensin II. PMID- 3154629 TI - The duration of coronary occlusion influences adrenergic contributions to reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias. AB - To study the role of the adrenergic nervous system in the genesis of nonlethal reperfusion arrhythmias, the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for either 1 or 3 hours in 48 open-chest dogs anesthetized with alpha-chloralose. Heart rate was controlled (90 to 110 beats/min) by bilateral vagotomy and continuous right vagal stimulation. Dogs were treated with either saline, timolol (0.1 mg/kg), or prazosin (0.5 mg/kg) 15 minutes prior to reperfusion. Reperfusion after 1 hour of occlusion in saline-treated dogs evoked sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (204 +/- 9 beats/min) that reverted to sinus rhythm by 15 minutes of reperfusion. The maximum rate of ventricular tachycardia was significantly reduced by both prazosin and timolol. Both drugs also caused about a 50% reduction in the total number of ectopic beats in the first 10 minutes of reperfusion. With a 3-hour occlusion, reperfusion in saline treated dogs caused sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (135 +/- 15 beats/min) which persisted for several hours. Neither timolol nor prazosin significantly altered the ventricular ectopic rate in these dogs. Furthermore, bilateral stellate transection, left stellate stimulation, isoproterenol (0.5 mg/kg), or methoxamine (100 ug/kg) all failed to alter the ventricular ectopic rate in the saline-treated dogs. Ventricular ectopy induced by reperfusion after a 1- or 3-hour occlusion was overdriven in all dogs by rapid atrial pacing. The results suggest that the nature of reperfusion-induced ventricular ectopy is highly dependent upon the preceeding duration of coronary occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154630 TI - Comparative study of time-course of hemodynamic effect of isosorbide dinitrate spray and sublingual tablets in patients with pulmonary congestion. AB - We compared the time-course of the hemodynamic effect of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), 5 mg, in the form of sublingual tablet and oral spray, in 15 patients with isolated chronic pulmonary congestion (pulmonary arterial end-diastolic pressure of 15 mmHg or more in the presence of normal or only slightly reduced cardiac index). Both formulations produced significant reductions in the pulmonary arterial end-diastolic pressure. The effect of ISDN tablet (sublingually) became evident at 10 minutes after administration and was maximal at 30 minutes. The effect of ISDN oral spray became evident at 3 minutes and reached a peak at 10 minutes. The magnitude of hemodynamic response was similar. These findings indicate that ISDN oral spray is superior to ISDN sublingual tablets for rapid relief of pulmonary congestion. PMID- 3154632 TI - Immediate and prolonged hemodynamic effects of TA-3090 on spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normal Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. AB - Systemic and regional hemodynamic effects of the new effects of the new calcium antagonist TA-3090, a benzothiazepine derivative that is similar to diltiazem, were studied both acutely (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg IV) and chronically (30 mg/kg by once-daily gastric gavage for 3 weeks) in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. All hemodynamic data were obtained in the conscious state using the reference sample radiomicrospheres method. Mean arterial pressure was reduced significantly by both immediate and long-term treatment in both rat strains. Stroke index remained unchanged in each study group, but the heart rate of the SHR and WKY decreased and increased, respectively, with the higher dose in the intravenous aspect of this study. As a result, total peripheral resistance decreased significantly in all groups, normotensive or hypertensive, although this fall was not distributed uniformly throughout the body. Intrarenal hemodynamics revealed significant differences between SHR and WKY by prolonged treatment with TA-3090. Efferent as well as afferent glomerular arteriolar resistances decreased and therefore calculated glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure decreased in SHR; however, efferent glomerular arteriolar resistance and glomerular pressure remained unchanged in WKY. By contrast, in the acute study, no such differences were obtained. Further, 3 weeks' treatment did not alter cardiac mass in either rat strain. Thus, TA-3090 decreased arterial pressure through a fall in total peripheral resistance without major cardiac effects in both rats strains. In contrast, the agent reduced vascular resistances only in the SHR; and this was achieved with dilation of both the afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154631 TI - Twenty-four-hour blood pressure monitoring after a single dose of sustained release verapamil. AB - The antihypertensive effect of a single dose of 240 mg sustained-release (S-R) verapamil was investigated by ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring in 13 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Following a 2-week washout period, 24-hour BP monitoring was carried out with a Spacelabs ICR 5300 device following random administration of a tablet of S-R verapamil or placebo; BP recording was repeated after crossover 3 to 7 days later. Average whole-day systolic and diastolic BPs were significantly lower after verapamil (130.1 +/- 2.6/87.1 +/- 1.2 mmHg) than after placebo (142.1 +/- 3.3/95.8 +/- 2.1 mmHg) (p less than 0.01). Mean waking BP was 146.4 +/- 3.6/99.1 +/- 2.2 mmHg after placebo and 135.2 +/- 3.3/90.5 +/- 1.7 mmHg after verapamil (p less than 0.01); during sleeping hours BP was 133.8 +/- 3.1/88.7 +/- 2.6 mmHg following placebo and 122.2 +/- 2.3/80.9 +/- 1.8 mmHg following verapamil (p less than 0.01). Blood pressure profile was significantly reduced by verapamil up to 20 hours after tablet administration, while from 21 to 24 hours after drug intake BP values were similar to placebo. Response to verapamil was not correlated to the pretreatment BP values and to the patient's age. In summary, this study suggests that acute administration of 240 mg S-R verapamil in hypertensive patients produces a BP reduction during 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime periods. The hypotensive efficacy is preserved for many hours after tablet intake and seems to be due to individual variation in cardiovascular reactivity to the drug. PMID- 3154634 TI - Effects of acetyl strophanthidin on duration of atrial fibrillation in the neurally-intact and blockaded dog. AB - Although the inotropic and dromotropic effects of cardiac glycosides in atrial fibrillation (AF) are well recognized, their action on AF itself is not clear. Accordingly, to determine whether cardiac glycosides prolong AF, the duration of electrically induced AF, atrioventricular conduction, and left ventricular function were assessed for 30 minutes before and for 30 minutes following intravenous administration of acetyl strophanthidin (AS), 20 micrograms/kg, in neurally intact, beta-blocked, and beta-blocked and vagotomized dogs. In the intact dog, AS, 20 micrograms/kg, increased peak dp/dt by 132 +/- 35 mmHg.sec-1, p less than 0.05, and slowed ventricular response by 16 +/- 7 min-1, p less than 0.05, but had a variable effect on AF duration. While the increased left ventricular peak dp/dt persisted for 15 minutes after AS, an increased duration of AF was evident only at 20 minutes, when the effects of AS on left ventricular (LV) inotropy were no longer apparent. Moreover, the subset of dogs that did not demonstrate prolongation of average duration of AF after AS had a greater increment of peak dp/dt than those that showed prolongation, 237 +/- 52 versus 53 +/- 31 mmHg.sec-1, p less than 0.05. An additional 20 micrograms/kg, which produced ventricular extrasystoles, prolonged AF duration when compared to both control and 30-minute measurements. Acetyl strophanthidin, 20 micrograms/kg, had a variable effect on duration of AF with beta-blockade but prolonged duration by 114 +/- 34%, p less than 0.05, with both vagotomy and beta-blockade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154633 TI - Time-related changes in the Starling forces following extracorporeal circulation. AB - The intra- and postoperative variations of the transcapillary forces [colloid osmotic pressure of plasma (COPpl), colloid osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid (COPif), average hydrostatic pressure in the interstitium (Pif)] were studied in the subcutaneous tissue as a function of time in 13 patients operated on for coronary artery disease using extra-corporeal circulation (ECC). The measurements were performed before operation, during ECC, and during the first 24 hours postoperatively. COPif was measured subcutaneously on the chest both by the wick method and by a noninvasive blister suction method. The latter technique allowed several consecutive measurements in the same individual during the postoperative period. Pif was measured by "wick-in-needle" technique in the same area as the COPif measurements. COPpl was measured in a blood sample collected from a cubital vein. COPpl was reduced about 50% during ECC returned to pre-ECC level within the first 6 hours postoperatively. During ECC COPif was higher than COPpl, reaching its minimum level 4 to 5 hours postoperatively. Measurements performed following ECC showed return of the transcapillary COP-gradient to the normal direction (COPpl greater than COPif). Pre-ECC level of COPif was not entirely obtained during the first postoperative day. Pif increased gradually during ECC and continued to increase the first 2 to 3 hours following ECC. Pre ECC level was reached within 24 hours postoperatively. The present investigation has demonstrated major dynamic variations in the transcapillary forces in patients undergoing open heart surgery with ECC. There was an increased net capillary filtration (F) intraoperatively predisposing to interstitial edema formation in subcutaneous tissue until several hours following the termination of ECC. PMID- 3154635 TI - Can free radicals explain reperfusion damage? PMID- 3154636 TI - Evaluation of free radical and lipid peroxide formation during global ischemia and reperfusion in isolated perfused rat heart. AB - Free radical species have been implicated as important agents involved in myocardial ischemic and reperfusion injuries. In our study, formation of free radicals was measured directly with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy before ischemia, during 10 minutes of global ischemia, and 20 seconds after reperfusion in the rat heart. We also investigated the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive material as index of lipoperoxidation induced by free radicals and measured arrhythmias. Production of free radicals takes place during ischemia since the signal intensity with a g value of 2.004 attributed to free radical species was increased by 50% after 10 minutes of global ischemia. In hearts reperfused with oxygenated perfusate for 20 seconds, the signal doubled. These experiments supply evidence that free radicals are generated in isolated rat heart during a short period of global ischemia and reperfusion. However, this increase was not associated with a concomitant increase of lipid peroxides in the myocardium nor with the development of reperfusion arrhythmias. PMID- 3154638 TI - Effects of magnesium on ischemic and reperfusion arrhythmias in the rat heart and electrophysiologic effects of hypermagnesemia in the anesthetized dog. AB - Magnesium sulfate, reportedly clinically effective against some ventricular arrhythmias, has not been extensively studied for its effects on experimental ischemic and reperfusion arrhythmias. We evaluated the effects of three high extracellular concentrations of magnesium (Mg2+) 1.19, 2.38, and 4.76 mM in 70 isolated perfused rat hearts following coronary artery ligation and reperfusion, at each of three different perfusate ionized calcium (Ca2+) concentrations (0.9, 1.25, and, 2.5 mM), where 1.25 mM is close to physiologic. At 0.9 mM Ca2+, higher concentrations of Mg2+ increased the sinus node cycle length (p less than 0.02) and virtually abolished ischemic ventricular tachycardia (VT) and reperfusion ventricular fibrillation (VF) (p less than 0.01), otherwise consistently found in this model. At 1.25 and 2.5 mM Ca2+ increasing Mg2+ had no effect on the incidence of ischemic or reperfusion arrhythmias, although at 1.25 mM Ca2+ ischemic VT had longer cycle lengths and VT appeared after a longer delay (p less than 0.01). In the nonischemic dog heart, marked increases of serum Mg2+ progressively prolonged the A-H, H-V, and QR S intervals, the ventricular effective refractory period, and the sinus cycle length, while the arterial blood pressure fell. Because of its relatively modest electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects, it is inferred that intravenous magnesium may be given therapeutically with relative safety. PMID- 3154639 TI - Pathophysiologic arguments for vasodilators in cardiac failure. PMID- 3154637 TI - Role of calcium ions in reperfusion arrhythmias: relevance to pharmacologic intervention. AB - Calcium ions may play a role in reperfusion arrhythmias, as suggested by 1) evidence favoring excess internal recycling of calcium during the reperfusion period; 2) electrophysiologic studies in Purkinje fibers and guinea pig papillary muscle in which calcium-dependent delayed after-depolarizations (DADs) have been found; 3) identification of the transient inward current as the basic mechanism underlying DADs; 4) the influence of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the ischemic period on reperfusion electrophysiologic abnormalities; and 5) calcium oscillations in reoxygenated myocytes. More direct evidence for the role of calcium lies in the concordance between the factors influencing DADs and those associated with reperfusion arrhythmias, as well as the role of an elevated extracellular Ca2+ in causing reperfusion ventricular fibrillation. However, a role for Ca2+ does not necessarily imply that calcium antagonist drugs will be antiarrhythmic in this situation; rather there is no good evidence that these agents are antiarrhythmic unless they have a protective effect in the ischemic period. The antiarrhythmic role of alpha 1-adrenergic blocking drugs remains controversial; in isolated hearts they work in high concentrations, not through specific receptor antagonism. Beta-blocking drugs have no established place in the therapy of reperfusion arrhythmias. The role of lidocaine and other sodium channel blockers is also controversial. In isolated preparations, lidocaine can be antiarrhythmic and can inhibit DADs. Mexiletine, another sodium channel blocker, can inhibit reoxygenation and reperfusion arrhythmias as well as DADs, all in therapeutic concentrations (10 microM). Such drugs may indirectly inhibit sodium-calcium exchange, which is one of the mechanisms underlying the formation of DADs and, hence, a potential site of pharmacologic inhibition of reperfusion arrhythmias. PMID- 3154640 TI - OPC-8212 in the treatment of congestive heart failure: results of a pilot study. AB - To characterize the effects of OPC-8212, a quinolone inotropic agent, in patients with heart failure, we utilized invasive hemodynamics, exercise testing, 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiograms, and two patient self-assessment questionnaires, before and after 1 month of treatment with OPC-8212, in 17 patients with moderate to severe congestive heart failure. There were no significant changes from baseline in heart rate (83 +/- 8 beats/min), mean arterial pressure (70 +/- 15 mmHg), pulmonary wedge pressure (18 +/- 7 mmHg), or cardiac index (2.3 +/- 0.4 L/min/m2) following treatment with OPC-8212. Both exercise duration (5.3 +/- 1.6 min) and peak oxygen consumption (12.0 +/- 2.9 mL/kg/min) were unchanged by OPC 8212. Two independent patient self-assessment scores, the Sickness Impact Profile and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, showed improvements from 6.8 to 5.4 and 49 to 38, respectively (both p less than .05), suggesting that the patients reported an improvement in daily functioning. The median ventricular premature contraction count and frequency were reduced from 1,118 beats to 243 beats (p less than 0.05) and 11/1,000 beats to 2.4/1,000 beats (0.05 less than p less than 0.10), respectively. Two patients developed agranulocytosis during longer-term treatment following this 1-month study. These data demonstrate that OPC-8212 did not have significant effects on hemodynamics or exercise tolerance. However, the improvement in patient self-assessment scores and the trend for improvement in ventricular arrhythmia profiles suggest that OPC-8212 may have some benefit for patients with congestive heart failure, but additional placebo-controlled, double-blind studies are necessary. PMID- 3154641 TI - Hemodynamic effects of nifedipine and oxygen in children with pulmonary hypertension. AB - Fourteen patients, 2 to 20 years old were investigated. Two had primary pulmonary hypertension, 11 had congenital heart disease and post-tricuspid shunts, and 1, a 20-year-old patient, was investigated after he had undergone surgical correction of truncus arteriosus I. Pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary flow index, peripheral systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured before, and several times after intrapulmonary injection into the pulmonary artery of 0.5 microgram nifedipine/kg. Six patients were given an additional dose of 1 microgram nifedipine per kilogram into the pulmonary artery and hemodynamic measurements were repeated. In eight children, receiving 100% oxygen via a breathing mask, nifedipine effects were compared with oxygen effects. After 10 minutes under oxygen, the same hemodynamics were determined as after nifedipine. In addition, in four of these children aortic pressure and arterial oxygen saturation were also measured. Maximal effects occurred within 4 minutes. 0.5 micrograms nifedipine per kilogram caused a slight reduction in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (p less than 0.05), as well as increase in pulmonary flow index (p less than 0.005). However, no significant change in heart rate or in systolic blood pressure was observed. 1 microgram nifedipine per kilogram IP had almost the same effects. No adverse side effects occurred, besides mild headaches in one child. A comparison of nifedipine injected into the pulmonary artery with oxygen breathing in congenital heart disease combined with pulmonary hypertension, is reported for the first time. Nifedipine had a more pronounced and beneficial effect with a selective action on the pulmonary vascular bed. PMID- 3154642 TI - Lack of effect of nicardipine and diltiazem on glucose- and arginine-induced insulin release in obese subjects. AB - The metabolic effects of calcium channels blockers have already been studied both in normal and diabetic humans and results were quite controversial, depending on the drug used, the dose administered, and the type of patient. Little information exists on the use of Ca2+ antagonists in obese people, even if these persons are a population risk group for developing diseases in which these drugs may be requested for treatment. Thus, we evaluated, in obese humans, the metabolic effects of two Ca2+ antagonist drugs recently made commercially available to treat diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease: nicardipine and diltiazem. Sixteen obese subjects were submitted to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (0.33 g/kg) (IVGTT) and an arginine test tolerance (30 g in 30 minutes) (ATT) before and after a week of oral treatment with nicardipine (60 mg/day) or diltiazem (360 mg/day). Plasma values of glucose, insulin, and C peptide during IVGTT, and of glucose, insulin and glucagon during ATT did not show any modification during treatment with either drug. Thus the Ca2+ antagonists, nicardipine and diltiazem, at therapeutic doses in obese subjects do not significantly affect glucose tolerance or insulin and glucagon release. PMID- 3154644 TI - Drug management of the cardiac transplant patient. AB - Drug or pharmacologic management of patients with cardiac allografts is an area of clinical cardiology that is quite different from most pharmacological management involved in caring for patients with cardiac disease. In transplant patients one is dealing with a heart that is not stunned, ischemic, infarcted, hypertrophied, dilated, or in any way weak or structurally abnormal. The patient has a perfectly healthy heart, usually chronologically younger than the patient, the only flaw of which is its antigenic dissimilarity from tissue of the patient. This dissimilarity, of course, leads to the need to suppress the normal immune response and make the patient at least relatively immunologically tolerant of his or her solid organ allograft. Problems inherent in the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance in cardiac allograft patients are no different than those encountered in the more widely practiced field of renal transplantation. The major obvious difference is that of the more disastrous consequence of graft "loss" in cardiac transplant recipients since no cardiac equivalent of chronic hemodialysis exists to be resorted to. Thus, immunosuppressive regimens used in cardiac transplant programs tend to err (if they err) on the side of heavier suppression and accept the consequences of this choice. PMID- 3154643 TI - The acute effects of intravenous nisoldipine on left ventricular function 24 to 72 hours after uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction. AB - The acute effects on left ventricular function of nisoldipine were studied in six patients 56 +/- 12 hours (range 44 to 72 hours) after the onset of uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction. Nisoldipine was administered as a 4.5 micrograms/kg intravenous bolus over 3 minutes followed by an infusion of 0.2 microgram/kg during 60 minutes. Radionuclide angiography and two-dimensional echocardiography were performed before and during infusion with nisoldipine. The left ventricular ejection fraction increased significantly from 38% +/- 10% to 49% +/- 10% (P = 0.028) during nisoldipine infusion. Regional wall motion index was determined both by radionuclide and by two-dimensional echocardiography and showed a significant change during nisoldipine infusion from 1.9 +/- 0.3 to 1.5 +/- 0.3 (p = 0.028, radionuclide angiography) and from 0.7 +/- 0.2 to 0.3 +/- 0.2 (p = 0.043, two dimensional echocardiography). Heart rate increased significantly from 78 +/- 12 min-1 to 92 +/- 13 min-1 (p = 0.028), but mean double product did not change significantly during nisoldipine infusion. It is concluded that nisoldipine significantly improves global and regional left ventricular function in patients shortly after acute myocardial infarction. This beneficial effect may, however, be partially offset by an increase in heart rate. Since mean double product did not change, it is suggested that nisoldipine may improve coronary blood flow in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3154646 TI - Epidemiology and risk profile of cardiac failure. AB - A three-decade examination of the prevalence, incidence, secular trends, and prognosis of cardiac failure in the Framingham Study provides insights into its epidemiology. Annual incidence of CHF is observed to increase from 3 to 1000 at ages 35-64, to 10 per 1000 at ages 65-94. There is a slight male predominance, owing to a higher rate of coronary disease, which conferred a fourfold risk of cardiac failure. Most cardiac failure is on the basis of long-standing hypertension or CHD. Silent infarctions were as predisposing for CHF as symptomatic MIs surviving 1 year. Hypertension is a major predisposing factor that at least triples the CHF risk, the systolic component being more predictive than the diastolic component. Correctable predisposing risk factors for CHF include: elevated blood pressure, impaired glucose tolerance, elevated cholesterol, low HDL-cholesterol, obesity, and a high hematocrit. Risk factors reflecting deteriorating cardiac function also were highly predictive, including: an enlarged heart, poor vital capacity, sinus tachycardia, and ECG-LVH. Commonly encountered ECG abnormalities such as intraventricular block, nonspecific repolarization abnormality, and ECG-LVH are all associated with a substantial risk of CHF. ECG-LVH carries a higher risk than x-ray enlargement. Sudden death was a common feature with CHF, occurring at 5 times the general population rate, even excluding those with overt CHD. Using the standard cardiovascular risk factors (age, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose, cigarettes, and ECG LVH) jointly, it is possible to identify one tenth of the population from which 40% of CHF events evolve, in the absence of interim CHD or RHD. PMID- 3154645 TI - The effect of CV-4151, a selective inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase, on prostanoid formation and platelet aggregation in humans. AB - The pharmacokinetics and pharmacologic effects of a potent, selective inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase, CV-4151 [(E)-7-phenyl-7-(3-pyridyl)-6-heptenoic acid] on prostanoid formation and platelet aggregation were studied in 42 healthy male volunteers. The drug was well tolerated. After oral administration of 10 to 100 mg of CV-4151, peak plasma levels of 1-6 micrograms/mL were reached in a dose dependent manner within 1 hour. Elimination followed first-order fashion with elimination half-life of about 1 hour. Serum levels of thromboxane B2 reduced to 4% to 15% of control at 2 hours after drug ingestion dose-dependently. Serum levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha increased to about four to six times basal levels. Platelet aggregation induced by collagen and arachidonate was inhibited in most cases. Such pharmacologic effects outlasted serum drug levels. In repeated administration, stable inhibition of serum thromboxane B2 production and platelet aggregation in proportion to the enhancement of serum 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha production was observed although no drug accumulation was found. These results indicate that CV-4151 may be suitable for clinical trials in cardiovascular diseases in which imbalance between thromboxane and prostacyclin may be involved in the pathogenesis. PMID- 3154647 TI - The pathophysiologic profile of congestive heart failure. AB - Congestive heart failure (CHF) evolves either from an excessive workload or in response to loss of myocardium, both of which cause cardiac hypertrophy, increased cardiac pressure, and loss of functional reserve. Nearly 60% of patients in heart failure present with ischemic cardiomyopathy, which in its chronic form exhibits biventricular dilatation, elevated left ventricular mass, and extensive large-vessel atherosclerosis. The hypertrophy is proportional to the loss of myocardium, although animal studies suggest this varies with the infarct size. However, recent studies indicate that early afterload reduction may relieve the hypertrophic stimulus and prevent degeneration. Some 30% to 40% of patients in heart failure present with an idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, with a patchy but diffuse loss of tissue on microscopy, reactive hypertrophy in the surviving cells, and interstitial fibrosis and replacement scarring. The ultrastructural changes still await clarification. The role of pharmacologic intervention still remains unclear. However, any reduction in mortality will necessitate the identification of those cellular changes that inevitably lead to secondary degeneration of the remaining viable myocardium. PMID- 3154648 TI - Current therapy of acute heart failure. AB - Acute heart failure involves various pathophysiological mechanisms among which primary reduction of myocardial contractility due to acute myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, and after open heart surgery are the most common. Therapy should be as causally related as possible. In patients with mechanical defects such as rupture of the interventricular septum or acute mitral regurgitation due to papillary muscle rupture, surgical correction is mandatory. Systemic hemodynamics can often be temporarily stabilized by mechanical circulatory assist devices until spontaneous recovery has occurred or definitive treatment is possible. The objectives of medical therapy are to relieve pulmonary congestion and to provide adequate systemic tissue perfusion. This is achieved by carefully balancing and monitoring a selection of pharmacological approaches according to each patient's hemodynamic profile. Ventricular filling pressure may be reduced by potent loop diuretics and venous dilating drugs with preservation of an optimal pressure range of 15-18 mmHg; cardiac output can be increased by afterload reduction and/or positive inotropic drugs; preservation of systemic perfusion pressure may necessitate use of arteriolar constrictor therapy. Most of these hemodynamic objectives are met by agents with combined vasodilatory and inotropic effects, e.g., dobutamine and amrinone. Whilst both agents are equally effective at improving pump performance, amrinone, unlike dobutamine, has the advantage of doing so without increasing myocardial oxygen consumption and without tolerance development or significant arrhythmogenicity. PMID- 3154649 TI - Drug therapy of chronic heart failure. AB - Chronic heart failure is an irremediable terminal syndrome. The inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the demands of metabolically active tissues is aggravated by reflex increases in peripheral vasoconstriction induced by the sympathoadrenal and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems. Vasoconstriction is partially attenuated by atrial natriuretic hormone, prostaglandin, and bradykinin. The aim of therapy is to improve the pumping performance of the heart and reduce arterial and venous constriction in the hope that this will reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life. Many drugs achieve such benefits, at least initially. Inotropic drugs increase cardiac pumping activity, and drugs acting directly on arteries and veins improve cardiac function by reducing afterload and preload. ACE inhibitors suppress angiotensin II formation, reducing its vasoconstrictive action, its ability to increase aldosterone secretion and the consequent salt retention and expansion of plasma volume. Since the proportionate role played by various hemodynamic factors in individual patients is unknown, it is likely that most benefit will be achieved by a combined therapeutic approach. PMID- 3154650 TI - Therapeutic advances in heart failure. AB - Annual mortality from congestive heart failure ranges from 15% to 60%, depending on the severity of the left ventricular damage and underlying disease. Most controlled trials have been too small to detect any beneficial effect on survival from the newer vasodilator and inotropic drugs. However, the results of two recent studies strongly suggest that some vasodilator drugs improve prognosis. In one study, a hydralazine-nitrate combination reduced 2-year mortality by 34%, while in another study, enalapril, in addition to diuretics, digitalis, and directly acting vasodilators, reduced 1-year mortality by 31%. Thus far no large studies have been published with the new phosphodiesterase-inhibiting agents. Although preliminary reports of large-scale trials did not demonstrate changes in survival rate, they have been shown to improve well-being in class III-IV congestive heart failure patients. PMID- 3154651 TI - Measurement of the quality of life in congestive heart failure--influence of drug therapy. AB - In cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, drug therapy may improve survival and the drug of choice is the one that interferes least with health related well-being, otherwise known as the quality of life. However, in angina, and possibly congestive heart failure, a drug may improve well-being but not survival. In this instance, the measurement of the quality of life is the endpoint in any therapeutic intervention. When selecting dimensions of quality of life and the methods to measure these dimensions, the key issue is the detection of a response to treatment during the trial. The sensitivity of a variety of methods appropriate to hypertension, angina, and congestive heart failure are considered. Overall, the quality of life should be assessed by double-blind, randomized, controlled trials, with a health index included to take account of any mortality and morbidity that occurs during the trial. Validity and repeatability of measures are most important, both within populations and across cultures. Observer bias must be avoided. PMID- 3154652 TI - Medical imaging strategies. AB - Computed tomography (CT), intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV-DSA), digital radiographic image processing and dual energy subtraction are four examples of medical imaging strategies that have met with various degrees of success as judged by diagnostic performance. The success of CT has been spectacular; IV-DSA has provided modest benefits; digital image processing of chest radiographs has been singularly disappointing; and the verdict on dual energy subtraction is undecided. The degree of success of each of these techniques can be understood by considering the degree to which each simplifies image interpretation or isolates a fingerprint of disease. PMID- 3154653 TI - Properties of digital images in radiology. PMID- 3154654 TI - Why bother with a computerized scheduling system? AB - Patient scheduling is often included as a module available in modern information management systems. The functionality of a scheduling module can vary greatly. A complete scheduling system combines rules related to each examination room with rules concerning the procedure itself. Duplicate exams can be avoided while picking the most optimal time slot available. The benefits of such a scheduling system include reduction in scheduling delays, a reduction in patient waiting time, improved patient through-put, improved clinical history information, and improved billing accuracy and completeness. PMID- 3154655 TI - Local area networks for radiology. AB - This article is a tutorial on local area networks (LAN) for radiology applications. LANs are being implemented in radiology departments for the management of text and images, replacing the inflexible point-to-point wiring between two devices (computer-to-terminal). These networks enable the sharing of computers and computer devices, reduce equipment costs, and provide improved reliability. Any LAN must include items from the following four categories: transmission medium, topology, data transmission mode, and access protocol. Media for local area networks are twisted pair, coaxial, and optical fiber cables. The topology of these networks include the star, ring, bus, tree, and circuit switching. Data transmission modes are either analog signals or digital signals. Access protocol methods include the broadcast bus system and the ring system. A performance measurement for a LAN is the throughput rate as a function of the number of active computer nodes. Standards for LANs help to ensure that products purchased from multiple manufacturers will operate successfully. PMID- 3154656 TI - Do's and don'ts of installing a RIS. AB - This report reviews several important issues relating to the acquisition of a radiology information system (RIS). It emphasizes the importance of defining specific goals for computerizing a department and for understanding that department's manual operations. It then outlines methods to request proposals from prospective vendors and to evaluate their responses. Suggestions for negotiating a favorable arrangement with a vendor follow. Finally, the summary lists five do's and three don'ts for selecting and installing a RIS. PMID- 3154657 TI - Radiology systems of the nineties: meeting the challenge of change. AB - Digital imaging technology, particularly reconstructed images such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, has fueled the increased demand for radiologic services but has intensified storage and communications problems. Today more than 25% of radiologic examinations are digital in origin and, with progressive replacing of film images by digital images likely through the introduction of imaging plate technology, the radiology profession is undertaking the massive effort of evolving a new system where digital images will be transmitted, stored, retrieved and displayed by a multicomponent system connected by a local area network. Through this system, images will be nearly instantly accessible to anyone who needs them. A leading hypothesis is that when the volume of digital examinations reaches 50% of the whole, cost and efficiency considerations will lead to a massive conversion to the digital image management system, which will progress spontaneously. This conversion, unless planned for in today's equipment acquisitions, could lead to great economic stress in hospitals. The 50% point may be reached by the early 1990s. PMID- 3154658 TI - A modified color display for computed tomography. AB - An algorithm for color assignment of computed tomography (CT) scans is presented. The intention is to produce color images similar to illustrations in anatomy atlases. There are three major advantages to the use of this color assignment algorithm. A single color image may replace the multiple monochrome density range pictures now used for portraying CT information. Perception of low spatial frequencies is improved, which may improve detection of soft tissue tumors. Finally, there are economic advantages for using color displays and printed color copies. PMID- 3154659 TI - Arteriography and histopathology in experimentally produced atherosclerosis in rhesus and fascicularis monkeys. AB - In order to attempt to characterize atheromatous plaque dynamics, and to develop standardized techniques of observation of this behavior, 91 arteriographies were performed on 47 subhuman primates (40 Rhesus and 7 Fascicularis) over a 10-year experimental project. Histopathologic examination was performed at biopsy on the majority of animals and at autopsy on all animals. Selected representative arteriograms and histopathologic cross-sections are presented as well as detailed analyses of the various animals' response to atherogenic regimen. Arteriographic stenosis was site specific for 4 sites virtually exclusively: right internal carotid, inferior mesenteric, lumbar, and presacral arteries. There was no distinction within each grade of stenosis (on a 1-4 grade scale) for all arteriograms, and precision reproducibility of arteriographic technique was achieved without regard to age, size, weight, or type of animal. The consistency and exclusivity of arteriographic 4-site pattern of stenosis, together with non correlation between it and the histopathologic or surgical observations, suggests that the stenosis observed by all of these methods may be partially or completely a function of artefact attributable to technique. At the very minimum, arteriographic and histopathologic methods are demonstrably dissociative and, therefore, the findings of these 2 cannot be compared in grading atherosclerotic plaque advancement or regression. PMID- 3154660 TI - Microdosimetric analysis of cell survival curves. I. Qualitative aspects of model Z epsilon. PMID- 3154661 TI - Microdosimetric analysis of cell survival curves. II. Quantitative aspects of model Z epsilon. PMID- 3154662 TI - Microdosimetric analysis of cell survival curves. III. Semiquantitative aspects of the model Z epsilon under some more general conditions. PMID- 3154664 TI - A problem of washing samples prior to determining calcium in human hair by the neutron activation analysis. PMID- 3154665 TI - Diagnosis and management of verrucous carcinoma of the larynx. PMID- 3154663 TI - Algotherapy in rehabilitation. PMID- 3154667 TI - Focus on calcium channel modulation. PMID- 3154666 TI - Neuroendocrine changes in the process of acclimatization to the alpine environment of Strbske Pleso. PMID- 3154668 TI - What is the solution to sudden cardiac death: calcium modulation or arrhythmia clinics? PMID- 3154669 TI - Effects of calcium channel blockers on survival after myocardial infarction. PMID- 3154670 TI - Correction of physiological alterations of hypertension. PMID- 3154672 TI - Diltiazem maintains renal vasodilation without hyperfiltration in hypertension: studies in essential hypertension man and the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - The systemic and renal hemodynamic effects of diltiazem were determined in patients with mild to moderately severe essential hypertension and in rats with spontaneous hypertension (SHR). Seven patients were treated for one full year (300 mg/day, average dose) and 10 SHR and 10 normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats received 1 and 2 mg/kg, intravenously. In both man and rat with genetic hypertension, arterial pressure was reduced through a fall in total peripheral resistance without associated reflexive increases in heart rate and cardiac index; and the patients demonstrated no change in plasma volume. In both man and the SHR: renal blood flow increased (in SHR not statistically significant) as arterial pressure and renal vascular resistance fell; glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remained unchanged and the filtration fraction (FF) significantly fell; and calculated intrarenal hemodynamic indices (using the Gomez formulae) demonstrated falls in afferent and efferent glomerular arteriolar pressures and resistances and in intraglomerular pressures, thereby explaining the unchanged GFRs and the decline in FF. These findings in both hypertensive man and rat are in contrast with those of the normotensive WKY that only demonstrated a fall in afferent glomerular arteriolar resistance. Thus, these data demonstrate that diltiazem controlled arterial pressure in both forms of genetic hypertension associated with falls in systemic and renal arteriolar resistances and with improved intrarenal hemodynamics without glomerular hyperfiltration. PMID- 3154671 TI - Renal protective effects of calcium antagonists? PMID- 3154673 TI - Calcium antagonists and acute myocardial ischemia: comparative effects of gallopamil and nifedipine on ischemia-induced and reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias, epicardial conduction times, and ventricular fibrillation thresholds. AB - The comparative effects of the calcium-antagonists gallopamil and nifedipine on ischemia-induced and reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias, particularly ventricular fibrillation (VF), were assessed in a total of 40 mongrel dogs in two experimental preparations. In part I of the study, changes in the time course of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias and VF parallel to changes in epicardial conduction following acute coronary artery occlusion lasting 20 minutes and followed by subsequent reperfusion were determined. In part II, repeated coronary artery occlusions (20 min) followed by reperfusion (60 min) were performed, and changes in ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) were assessed. Gallopamil proved to be highly effective in preventing ventricular arrhythmias and VF following coronary delay was reduced. The ischemia-induced fall in conduction delay was reduced. The ischemia-induced fall in VFT occurring during the first few minutes after occlusion (phase Ia) was significantly reduced. In contrast, nifedipine failed to influence the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias and VF. Following reperfusion, neither drug reduced the incidence of VF nor the associated fall in VFT at the onset of reperfusion. The time course of recovery of epicardial conduction was not affected by either drug. However, the increase in the VFT during the early postreperfusion period was significantly enhanced by both agents. The effects of gallopamil were more pronounced than those of nifedipine. Delayed reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias arising 5 to 10 minutes after release of coronary artery obstruction were significantly reduced by gallopamil whereas nifedipine proved ineffective. The results show that calcium antagonists display direct antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective actions in acute transient myocardial ischemia. The different effectiveness of gallopamil compared to nifedipine can be explained by differences in electrophysiological properties of the drugs. Enhanced ventricular vulnerability following acute transient coronary artery occlusion and subsequent release of coronary artery obstruction, first described by Tennant and Wiggers, has been extensively investigated over the past decade in a variety of experimental and clinical settings. However, the basic mechanisms underlying ischemia- and reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias and ventricular fibrillation (VF) have not yet been fully elucidated. Furthermore, the results of pharmacological approaches to prevent ventricular arrhythmic activity are conflicting. The present study aimed to evaluate the antiarrhythmic efficacy of calcium antagonists in acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. We have examined the effects of gallopamil and nifedipine on the time course of ventricular arrhythmias during the first 20 minutes after acute coronary artery occlusion and subsequent reperfusion. We have studied the underlying mechanisms by mapping epicardial conduction and by assessing the electrically induced ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) both within and outside ischemic areas. PMID- 3154675 TI - Calcium channel modulation (Part II). PMID- 3154674 TI - The pharmacology of nisoldipine. AB - Nisoldipine is a calcium antagonist that specifically blocks the slow or voltage dependent calcium channel up to the highest concentrations. This mode of action has been confirmed in pharmacological studies on isolated organs, electrophysiological and binding studies, and by the measurement of transmembrane calcium transport. As with other dihydropyridine calcium antagonists, an interaction with intracellular calcium reservoirs and calmodulin seems to be of minor importance. The drug exhibits higher potency, longer duration of action, and a higher binding affinity in vitro and in vivo than nifedipine. In contrast to its vasodilating and spasmolytic activity, its negative inotropic effect occurs in vitro only after higher concentrations than after nifedipine. In whole animals a secondary positive inotropic effect occurs regularly owing to sympathetic counter-regulation. The influence of nisoldipine on cardiac stimulus formation and conduction is also very slight in anesthetized animals, and is completely eliminated in awake animals and humans by counter-regulation up to very high doses. The cardiac anti-ischemic action of nisoldipine has been demonstrated in various ischemia models and is probably based predominantly on its afterload-reducing properties in addition to its spasmolytic effect on the coronary arteries. Various other suspected effects, for which there are isolated indications, e.g., inhibition of thromboxane synthesis, preload reduction, interaction with the transport of adenosine, and normalization of the sarcolemmal Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity, are probably of subordinate importance. Its antihypertensive effect is explained primarily by lowering of the peripheral resistance. There are, however, some indications that nisoldipine exerts certain effects over and above pure vasodilation. The prevention of postischemic calcium overloading in the renal tubule epithelium and the natriuretic effect are probably of importance in the therapeutic action. Clinically, nisoldipine was found more potent and prolonged in its action in comparison with nifedipine. In comparative studies, nisoldipine, 10 mg once a day, was found equieffective with nifedipine 10 mg three times or 20 mg twice a day in angina or hypertension, respectively. PMID- 3154676 TI - Interaction between Ca2+ antagonists and digitalis. PMID- 3154678 TI - Beneficial effects of verapamil during metabolic acidosis in isolated perfused rat hearts. AB - Metabolic acidosis was produced in two groups of isolated, glucose-perfused beating rat hearts. The first group (control) was untreated whereas the second group was pretreated for 48 h by the addition of verapamil (1.2 g/L) to the drinking water. Untreated hearts all developed asystole during a 30 min perfusion with an acidotic substrate (pH = 6.8) or during subsequent reequilibration with physiologic substrate (pH = 7.4). Prior to asystole, all untreated hearts showed evidence of severe mechanical and biochemical deterioration evaluated by 31 P NMR spectroscopy. In contrast, hearts of treated rats showed less mechanical and metabolic deterioration, and all recovered during reequilibration. The mechanism of protection of verapamil against the effects of metabolic acidosis is unclear but appears to be related to preserved mitochondrial function by the drug and not to a reduced demand for energy. PMID- 3154681 TI - Mitral leaflet billowing and prolapse. Implications for management. PMID- 3154680 TI - The calcium channel blocker nisoldipine delays progression of chronic renal failure in humans (preliminary communication). AB - Chronic renal failure (CRF) patients with a stable course were asked to participate in a follow-up program in which they were randomized into two groups: 1) the placebo group taking their standard antihypertensive therapy without any calcium ion blocker: and 2) the nisoldipine group, those patients taking the calcium channel blocker nisoldipine as the only antihypertensive drug. The two groups had similar blood pressures on entering the study (151 +/- 21.3/90.7 +/- 7.4 mmHg in the nisoldipine and 146.7 +/- 18/94 +/- 9.4 mmHg in the placebo group). Their protein intake was also similar (daily average throughout the follow-up period: 0.83 +/- 0.18 g protein per kg body weight in the nisoldipine and 0.9 +/- 0.12 g in the placebo group). The patients were checked monthly. The follow-up averaged 11.1 +/- 4.8 months in the nisoldipine group and 13.7 +/- 4.2 months in the placebo group. The rate of progression of CRF, as expressed by the slope of the regression line of 1/serum creatinine versus time, decreased in the nisoldipine group from the initial (-8.03 +/- 4.91) x 10(-3) to (-5.57 +/- 5) x 10(-3) (two-tailed P-test = 0.016) after intervention. The slopes tended to become steeper in the placebo group, with an initial slope of (-4.1 +/- 3.2) x 10(-3) changing to (-7.9 +/- 5) x 10(-3) after intervention. This difference did not reach statistical significance (two-tailed P = 0.072). The rate of progression of CRF decreased in 12 of 14 patients in the nisoldipine-treated group versus 3 of 11 patients in the placebo group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154679 TI - Role of calcium channel blockers in experimental exercise-induced ischemia. AB - Calcium channel blockers, which induce vasodilation by relaxing vascular smooth muscle cells, have proven effective in the treatment of angina pectoris. To study mechanisms of calcium blockade in ischemic heart disease, conscious chronically instrumented dogs with a single coronary artery ameroid constrictor were studied during steady-state treadmill runs which induced regional myocardial ischemia. During exercise-induced ischemia, regional systolic wall thickening and subendocardial blood flow were both significantly reduced in the ischemic zone. Calcium channel blockade with verapamil, diltiazem, or nifedipine enhanced regional systolic wall thickening. Regional subendocardial blood flow in the ischemic region, measured during diltiazem and nifedipine experiments, improved during exercise. Reduced coronary artery resistance in the native vessels and/or recruitment of collaterals appears to largely explain the increased total myocardial blood supply in the jeopardized area and the increased function. However, after diltiazem, reduced exercise heart rates as well as reduced left ventricular end-diastolic pressure also contributed to the improvement in the oxygen-supply imbalance in the ischemic myocardium. These data provide a basis for understanding the efficacy of calcium channel blocker treatment in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 3154683 TI - Assessment of quality of life: a medical imperative. PMID- 3154682 TI - Comparison of the metabolic effects of long-term treatment with pindolol or atenolol by hypertensive patients. AB - The effects of plasma lipids, blood glucose, and serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, 6-month period were studied in 18 patients with essential hypertension. There were no significant changes in the concentration of serum total cholesterol. LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides during treatment periods with pindolol or atenolol, although there was a tendency to higher triglyceride levels during atenolol treatment. The serum HDL cholesterol levels were significantly lower after 6 months of therapy with atenolol than before treatment, but HDL-cholesterol levels increased slightly during pindolol treatment. The ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol decreased significantly during 6 months of treatment with atenolol. Fasting blood glucose concentrations did not change significantly during 6 months of treatment with pindolol or atenolol, but during oral glucose tolerance test, blood glucose values at 60 min were raised after pindolol therapy. Serum insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test at 120 min were decreased after pindolol therapy, but no significant changes were found in C-peptide levels during treatment periods. PMID- 3154684 TI - Doxorubicin concentrations in plasma and myocardium and their respective roles in cardiotoxicity. AB - Three hours after the intravenous infusion of doxorubicin (3 mg/kg over 15 min) to anesthetized dogs, the drug concentration was found much higher in the myocardium than in the plasma (about 4,000 ng/g, i.e., 50 times higher). After the intravenous infusion of doxorubicin (1.5 mg/kg over 15 min) to conscious dogs, the drug concentration appeared to decline very slowly in the myocardium, since it was close to 200 ng/g at the 7th day, whereas the plasma concentration had fallen to zero, and the drug was still detected in the cardiac tissue 21 days after the administration. As myocardial concentrations of doxorubicin persist long after plasma clearance is complete, the hazards of repeated administration, based on plasma kinetic patterns, must be emphasized. PMID- 3154685 TI - Which role for antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs in unstable angina pectoris? AB - Two large placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trials have demonstrated the benefit of aspirin therapy in preventing myocardial infarction and death in patients with unstable angina. The Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of 1266 men hospitalized with unstable angina showed that 324 mg of aspirin daily for 12 weeks reduced the incidence of myocardial infarction by 51% (p = 0.001), and the data suggested a similar reduction in mortality. The Canadian McMaster University multicenter trial of 555 patients showed that treatment with 1300 mg of aspirin per day for a mean of 18 months reduced the incidence of cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction together by 51% (p = 0.008). The reduction in death alone was 71% (p = 0.004). In the Canadian study there was no observed benefit of sulfinpyrazone. The Canadian trial confirmed the results of the VA Cooperative Study and showed statistical significance for reduction by aspirin of death as well as of myocardial infarction. It showed similar benefits in women as in men with unstable angina. The life-table curves for aspirin-treated and control patients continued to separate throughout the 2 year study period, demonstrating the value of continued treatment. The VA study showed no evidence of gastrointestinal side effects from 324 mg of aspirin daily administered in a buffered solution. Heparin therapy for unstable angina has appeared promising, but no properly conducted randomized trial has been accomplished.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154677 TI - Calcium channel antagonists. Part II: Use and comparative properties of the three prototypical calcium antagonists in ischemic heart disease, including recommendations based on an analysis of 41 trials. AB - An analysis of 41 trials of angina of all varieties confirms that calcium antagonists are an important advance and are now established therapy for these syndromes. In effort angina, verapamil in a dose of 360-480 mg daily is better than propranolol in standard doses. Although nifedipine is highly effective against vasospastic angina, its use in threatened myocardial infarction or severe unstable angina is not supported by recent studies, unless combined with a beta blocker. Diltiazem has recently been tested with apparent benefit in non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Otherwise, these calcium antagonist agents all seem to have approximate equipotency in clinical ischemic syndromes including effort and vasospastic angina. Subjective side effects seem most troublesome in the case of nifedipine. All three calcium antagonists, especially nifedipine, have been successfully combined with beta-blocker therapy, yet occasional additive negative inotropic or chronotropic or dromotropic interactions may occur when verapamil or diltiazem is added to beta-blockade, and occasionally the direct negative inotropic potential of nifedipine may become evident. The choice between the calcium antagonists is determined not only by the clinical picture but also by the anticipated side effects in a given patient and by the overall cardiovascular status. In patients with supraventricular tachycardias or sinus tachycardia, verapamil or diltiazem is preferred, whereas in patients with a resting bradycardia or borderline heart failure nifedipine is likely to be chosen. PMID- 3154686 TI - Additional molsidomine in refractory unstable angina pectoris. AB - In a prospective single-blind study we examined the effects of additional molsidomine in 20 patients (63 +/- 10 years; 15 males, 5 females) with unstable resting angina (greater than or equal to 3 attacks/24 hours) refractory to triple therapy (nitrates, calcium antagonists, and beta blockers) combined with heparin or aspirin. All but one patient had coronary artery disease documented by coronarography (n = 17) or by recent myocardial infarction (n = 3). Two patients had angiographically documented severe coronary spasms. Patients entered the study if coronary bypass surgery or PTCA could not be performed within 3 days after angiography (n = 9) or was not feasible due to anatomical or technical reasons (n = 6), concomitant malignant disease (n = 2), or age greater than 75 years (n = 3). All patients received molsidomine orally 12 to 24 mg/day. In 15 of the 20 patients molsidomine was given i.v. initially, starting with 20 mg i.v., followed by infusion of 1 to 4 mg/hour. Heart rate and blood pressure did not change significantly, and eight patients had a slight decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Severe adverse effects did not occur, and moderate headaches were reported by five patients. In 13 patients, unstable angina could be stabilized, and they remained free of resting angina; five had a marked reduction of the frequency of anginal attacks. In two patients, molsidomine was without demonstrable beneficial effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154687 TI - What is established in thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction? Pharmacological approaches. AB - Thrombolytic therapy by early reopening of an occluded coronary vessel, and hence re-establishing oxygen delivery, can significantly reduce infarct size. The result depends both on the duration of ischemia and the presence of collaterals. By early initiation of intravenous thrombolytic therapy and shortening the ischemic period, the functional results may be improved. PTCA has to be considered in order to avoid reocclusion of the infarct vessel, mainly in patients with high-grade residual stenosis and viable myocardium in the poststenotic area. The benefit of early thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction has been proven in randomized trials. However, to achieve statistical significance, a large number of patients had to be included. It is mainly the patients with previous myocardial infarction with a large area at infarct risk and/or anterior myocardial infarction that derive most benefit from this intervention. PMID- 3154688 TI - The influence of molsidomine on infarct size: an acute post-infarction pilot study with 303 patients. AB - In a multicenter, randomized and double-blind study, the efficiency of molsidomine on infarct size has been examined in 303 patients suffering from a first myocardial infarction and compared with a placebo. According to previous enzyme studies, and in order to detect a 20% reduction infarct size with conventional levels of risk, alpha = 0.05 and beta = 0.20, the recommended sample size was 264 patients. Thirty-three patients initially selected were excluded for protocol violation and, among the 270 patients definitively included, 133 were allocated to molsidomine and 137 to placebo, without any difference concerning age, delay of treatment, infarct location, and initial blood pressure. Test drugs were both initiated within the 6 first hours and administered orally at decreasing doses for 10 days: 16 mg on the first day, 12 mg on the second day, and 6 mg daily from the third to the tenth days. There was not a significant difference between the molsidomine and placebo groups regarding the enzyme evaluation of infarct size, neither for CK dosage (101.72 +/- 74.76 gram equivalents vs. 92.71 +/- 65.91 gram equivalents, NS) nor for its MB fraction (67.34 +/- 50.07 gram equivalents vs. 63.50 +/- 43.01 gram equivalents, NS). Moreover, changes in the Q- or R-wave sum during the 10 days of follow-up were strictly identical. However, in-hospital mortality was lower in the molsidomine group than in the placebo group (4.5% vs. 8.0%), but this reduction was not statistically significant. During the study, there were few side effects, mainly headaches, without withdrawal of the treatment. PMID- 3154689 TI - Risk factor intervention and prognosis after acute myocardial infarction. AB - The review is restricted to the three main risk factors of ischemic heart disease (IHD): cholesterol, blood pressure, and smoking. It deals with the question of whether these risk factors continue to affect prognosis after a first MI, without tackling the problem of how successful risk factor modification can be. Thus, neither primary nor secondary prevention trials are analyzed. The evidence from large, well conducted prospective studies shows that, although relative risk is greater prior to MI than thereafter, absolute risk is higher post-MI because of higher overall mortality. Although clinical characteristics and consequences of the acute event have a stronger prognostic power, it is still worthwhile to correct risk factors post-MI for a number of reasons. PMID- 3154690 TI - Time course of myocardial necrosis. AB - The time course of myocardial ischemia was studied in canine myocardium by electron microscopy. Ischemia of the myocardium produces ultrastructural alterations of mitochondria, nuclei, contractile apparatus, and the SR- and T tubular system that are accompanied by loss of glycogen and intracellular edema. These changes are more pronounced with increasing severity of ischemia, and they allow the differentiation between different stages of reversible and of irreversible injury. Reperfusion of reversibly injured tissue leads to structural recovery; reperfusion of irreversibly injured tissue produces further deterioration. On the basis of ultrastructural data, it was found that in a dog, after 45 minutes of coronary artery occlusion, subendocardial infarction was present in 20% of all animals. Transmural infarction was present in 24% of all dogs after 90 minutes of coronary artery occlusion and in 53% after 24 hours. The individual variability in the speed of development of infarction is caused by the rate of oxygen consumption at the time of occlusion and by the amount of collateral flow. Intermittent ischemia is much better tolerated than permanent ischemia of the same duration. Species differences are evident. The course of development of myocardial necrosis, therefore, depends on time, rate of oxygen consumption, collateral flow, mode of ischemia, and on the species investigated. PMID- 3154692 TI - Pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia: importance of platelet-vessel wall interactions. AB - Clinical and experimental evidence for important interactions between platelets and vascular endothelium under conditions of myocardial ischemia is briefly summarized. The clinical evidence for a role of platelets in myocardial ischemia includes studies indicating alterations in platelet behavior and the therapeutic benefit of some antiplatelet drugs. Experimental evidence suggesting the importance of platelets in ischemia includes reductions in transmyocardial platelet number under these conditions, the cyclical reductions in coronary blood flow that result from intermittent intravascular platelet aggregation, and the relationship between induced platelet aggregation and cardiac arrhythmias. Evidence strongly suggesting the importance of platelet emboli and thromboxane generation as a major cause of reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias is outlined. PMID- 3154691 TI - Interdependence of pharmacologically-induced and endothelium-mediated coronary vasodilation in antianginal therapy. AB - Recent advances in the understanding of vascular physiology have furnished new aspects in the treatment of angina pectoris by various vasodilators. Upon stimulation by various factors (viscous drag from increased flow, pulsatile stretch, ADP/ATP, norepinephrine, serotonin), the coronary endothelium releases a vasodilator called endothelium-derived relaxant factor (EDRF). This factor has recently been shown to probably be nitric oxide (NO), which is identical to the active compound of nitroglycerin. EDRF (NO) dilates both large epicardial arteries and also coronary resistance vessels. It also has a strong platelet antiaggregant effect. The predominant effect of Ca2+ antagonists is on resistance vessels, increasing myocardial perfusion and viscous drag acting upon the endothelial lining. This, in turn, stimulates EDRF (NO) release in epicardial arteries and dilation. This additional nitrate-like effect augments the direct vasodilator effect of Ca2+ antagonists. Lack of normal endothelial function results in diminished capacity to dilate, and sometimes even in a shift from dilator to constrictor effects, paralleled by an increased tendency for platelet adhesion, activation, and thrombosis, which is still enhanced when plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) is augmented. EDRF release, vasodilator capacity, and antiaggregant effects are reduced when LDL is high. Nitrates have a direct, endothelium-independent dilator effect, particularly on large coronary arteries, which seems even more pronounced when the endothelium is absent, but only when the vessel segment is still compliant. Therefore nitrates may particularly be effective in vessels with deficient EDRF release. PMID- 3154693 TI - Abnormalities in myocardial metabolism in patients with unstable angina as assessed by positron emission tomography. AB - Regional myocardial perfusion and glucose metabolism were assessed in six normal volunteers and 29 patients with coronary heart disease and stable or unstable angina using rubidium-82 (Rb-82) and F-18 fluoro 2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) with positron emission tomography. All normals and patients were studied following overnight fasting, at rest, with no angina or electrocardiographic signs of acute myocardial ischemia or necrosis. Rb-82 myocardial cross-sectional images were obtained employing the continuous infusion technique, while dynamic FDG imaging was employed after intravenous tracer bolus injection. Regional Rb-82 and FDG myocardial concentrations were then calculated by drawing regions of interest over the interventricular septum, anterior and lateral wall of the left ventricle. The mean Rb-82 uptake for each left ventricular region analyzed was found to be similar between both groups of patients and normal volunteers. The mean myocardial glucose utilization was found to be similar in normal volunteers and patients with stable angina (0.023 +/- 0.032 vs. 0.012 +/- 0.008 microns ml/min p less than 0.42). However, myocardial glucose utilization was found to be significantly higher in patients with unstable angina compared with both normals and patients with stable angina (0.048 +/- 0.047 microM/ml/min p less than 0.001 for both comparisons). Thus, in patients with severe coronary artery disease and unstable angina, myocardial glucose utilization was enhanced in spite of the absence of clinical, electrocardiographic, or detectable perfusion evidence of acute ischemia. PMID- 3154695 TI - Silent ischemia: a relevant problem in patients with coronary artery disease? AB - Awareness of silent myocardial ischemia has greatly increased during the last few years in the medical community. Methods for its detection include exercise testing, Holter monitoring, and, more specifically, Thallium-201 scintigraphy, 2D echocardiography, and multigated radionuclide ventriculography with phase analysis, all during rest and exercise. Cohn's classification of silent ischemia has proven very useful in highlighting the magnitude of the problem. It can be estimated that about 2% to 4% of apparently healthy middle aged males in industrialized European countries are prone to asymptomatic ischemic episodes. Prognosis of silent myocardial ischemia has been evaluated in prospective and retrospective studies. Most authors come to the conclusion that ischemia is the key finding, whether painful of asymptomatic. Even present understanding of pain perception from the ischemic myocardium is incomplete; the high prevalence and the relation with myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death make silent myocardial ischemia one of today's most relevant problems. PMID- 3154696 TI - Indications for treatment of silent myocardial ischemia. AB - A rational approach to treatment of silent myocardial ischemia is based on an appreciation of those factors influencing prognosis in the three types of patients that clinicians see with this disorder: those who are totally asymptomatic (type 1), those who are asymptomatic following myocardial infarction (type 2), and those who have angina and silent myocardial ischemia (type 3). Prognosis in type 1 and type 2 patients is generally good, except when triple vessel or left main disease is present. Risk factor modification and anti ischemic medication should be employed in these patients, with serious consideration given to revascularization procedures. The latter approach is less controversial in type 3 patients who have frequent episodes of silent myocardial ischemia, especially if high dose anti-ischemic agents fail. PMID- 3154694 TI - The combination of antianginal drugs: effects and indications. AB - Today, three classes of drugs, all acting differently on the myocardium, the coronary circulation, and the peripheral circulation, that is, on the determinants for myocardial oxygen consumption (heart rate, contractility, and wall tension), are at the physician's disposition for anti-ischemic medical treatment: nitrates, beta-receptor blocking agents and Ca antagonists. All three drugs have been proven to exhibit a marked antianginal effect when given alone, as demonstrated both by an improvement in exercise performance as well as in perfusion and a significant decrease in symptomatic and silent ischemic episodes. Treatment should cover the total ischemic burden, which can be assessed today more accurately by Holter monitoring than with exercise tests alone. It has been shown in patients with stable angina that the majority of ischemic episodes are silent (over 75%); therefore, the question arose as to whether medical anti ischemic treatment should aim at the prevention not only of symptomatic, but also of silent episodes. Furthermore, ischemia was revealed to be not only a marker for the presence of high-grade life-threatening obstructions, but also to have prognostic implications, not only in symptomatic, but also in asymptomatic episodes. In addition, ischemia can lead to life-threatening arrhythmia and irreversible myocardial damage, especially localized fibrosis. To what extent this is prevented by vigorous anti-ischemic treatment is still unanswered; however, as pathophysiologically symptomatic and asymptomatic ischemic episodes behave similarly, the latter should be included in treatment. The combinations of drugs, especially of nitrates and beta blockers, Ca antagonists and beta blockers, and also nitrates and Ca antagonists result in a further improvement in exercise performance and a reduction in ischemic episodes, allow the dose to be reduced, and minimize side effects. In addition, as is indicated from their hemodynamics, in special clinical situations, combinations might be preferable. Whether treatment should primarily reduce sympathetic drive or, rather, be directed towards vasodilation depends on the type of angina and the individual need. Hence, combining drugs in treating angina pectoris represents a true therapeutic challenge for the physician. PMID- 3154698 TI - Preload or afterload reduction: which is more beneficial for patients with ischemic heart disease? AB - We studied the acute hemodynamic effects of molsidomine, a selective preload reducing agent, and nifedipine, a selective afterload reducing agent. Thirty-two patients with stable angina pectoris and angiographically significant coronary artery disease were randomized into two groups: group A patients received 4 mg of molsidomine, and group B patients received 20 mg of nifedipine orally. Molsidomine was associated with a significant reduction of the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and an increase in Vcf. Nifedipine caused a significant reduction of the mean arterial pressure and an increase of the heart rate. Hemodynamic parameters associated with chronic exertional angina pectoris in patients with angiographically significant coronary artery disease improved more with a preload reducing agent, like molsidomine. PMID- 3154697 TI - Nonresponsiveness to antianginal therapy--a frequent problem? AB - Nonresponsiveness to anginal treatment varies greatly and may be due to either the pathophysiology of the patients or the special pharmacology of different antianginal drugs. Therefore, individualized therapy, taking all aspects of patient and drug into account to improve responsiveness, seems desirable. Patients may vary--thus influencing the outcome of antianginal therapy--with respect to the severity of the disease, vasospastic components, and the pattern of organic vessel involvement. Drugs differ with respect to the ease of dose finding, tolerance, the extent of spasmolytic activity, side effects, and paradoxical effects. In no patient with coronary artery disease is the outcome to treatment predictable, even if a full diagnostic evaluation of the patient has been performed. For example, the individual relevance of angiographically documented vasospastic components in patients with underlying organic multivessel disease can hardly be predicted, and therefore the appropriate choice of an antianginal drug is difficult. In addition, a full invasive evaluation of all coronary patients, only to find arguments for the optimal drug therapy, is not feasible. Therefore, the empiric approach is recommended for daily routine. Drugs are preferred that usually provide a high response rate and the smallest cause for concern. PMID- 3154699 TI - Combination of positive inotropic and vasodilating substances in congestive heart failure. AB - Therapy combining vasodilators and inotropic agents is considered to be one of the most powerful means of improving cardiac function in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). The vasodilators enhance the effectiveness of inotropic agents by providing a reduction in preload and/or afterload. Inotropic drugs with different mechanisms of action, such as digitalis glycosides, ephedrine, dopamine, dobutamine, ibopamine, terbutaline, salbutamol, pirbuterol, prenalterol, amrinone, and milrinone, have been tested in combination with vasodilators with a predominant effect on preload (nitrates, molsidomine), with a predominant effect on afterload (hydralazine, nifedipine), or with a balanced action on both arterial and venous beds (nitroprusside, prazosin, captopril), showing positive results. The problem of the combination of digitalis glycosides and vasodilators with different sites of action has been considered by our group. In 42 patients with CHF, digoxin (DIG, 0.01 mg/kg intravenously) was tested in combination with molsidomine (MLS, 4 mg sublingually) (12 patients), a nitrate like agent with a predominant vasodilating action on the capacitance vessels, nifedipine (NFP, 10 mg sublingually) (22 patients), a Ca2+ antagonist drug with a predominant action on the resistance vessels, and captopril (CPT, 25 mg orally) (8 patients), an ACE inhibitor with a balanced effect on both preload and afterload. The combination DIG plus MLS caused a reduction in left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) greater than that achieved with either agent alone. The hemodynamic improvement was obtained without side effects, in spite of the striking fall in preload. We stress that this investigation was performed on patients with CHF following acute myocardial infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154700 TI - Ischemia at the crossroads? AB - Understanding and controlling the consequences of myocardial ischemia requires us to acknowledge that we are dealing with a complex, dynamic, and highly variable process. The severity and progression of ischemic injury is not solely determined by the extent of oxygen deprivation, but by many other factors, including the accumulation of toxic metabolites. It may not be justified to assume that injury to the myocyte necessarily determines the survival of the organ; other components, such as the endothelium and the conducting system, may play a crucial role. Many factors can influence the severity and evolution of ischemic injury, perhaps the most important being the extent of residual (or collateral) flow to the affected tissue. If the ischemia is relatively mild, then the myocardium may survive for some long time, and drugs and other interventions may be used to further extend this period. However, reperfusion and the establishment of an adequate level of coronary flow is an absolute prerequisite for sustained tissue survival. The more severe the ischemia, the earlier must be the reperfusion. However, reperfusion of previously ischemic tissue is not without hazard, and it may precipitate potentially lethal events such as arrhythmias. Reperfusion may possibly result in the death of cells that were potentially viable in the moments before reflow was established, and there is good evidence that manipulation of reperfusion conditions may accelerate and possibly enhance recovery from ischemia. Much remains to be learned about myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, and in doing this we should perhaps put some of the older, yet well established, concepts behind us. PMID- 3154701 TI - Indications for coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial ischemic syndromes. AB - The role of coronary angioplasty for the treatment of patients with evolving myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and early postinfarction unstable angina is discussed. It has been shown that coronary angioplasty in patients with an evolving myocardial infarction is feasible and can be performed with a high initial success rate. The most beneficial timing of dilatation is still unclear, and acute reocclusion following coronary angioplasty remains a problem. Current data suggest that the left ventricular function is greater improved and peri infarction ischemia is less with angioplasty when compared with sole thrombolytic treatment. Coronary angioplasty for unstable angina and early post-infarction unstable angina can be performed with a high initial success rate, but at an increased risk of major complications. Thus, coronary angioplasty has nowadays obtained a definitive place in the treatment of acute myocardial ischemic syndromes. Further research is needed to improve the initial and late results of coronary angioplasty, and additional randomized clinical studies are necessary to more accurately define the indications and timing of dilatation in these acutely ill patients. PMID- 3154702 TI - Drug effects on the sinus node. A clinical perspective. AB - The direct and indirect effects of drugs on the sinoatrial (SA) node are described in relation to basic cellular mechanisms and clinical applications. The effects of the different classes of antiarrhythmic agents are considered in terms of their direct depressant and excitatory actions. Indirect actions, particularly autonomic effects, are also discussed. Clinical aspects of the pharmacologic management of disorders of sinus node function such as the bradycardia tachycardia syndrome, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, and the identification of sinus node dysfunction by drug effects are considered in detail. PMID- 3154703 TI - Efficacy of phenytoin in suppressing inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmias. AB - We examined the efficacy of phenytoin in 69 of 87 consecutive patients undergoing serial electrophysiologic studies for inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT/VF). In general, during the initial session lidocaine and procainamide were tested immediately after baseline electrophysiologic evaluation, followed by phenytoin and quinidine during the next two sessions, and then by additional drugs as needed. Once a successful drug was identified, all testing was stopped. Drugs that had failed in prior empiric trials were not tested. Twenty-five of the 87 patients (28.7%) had success in 258 serial drug tests. Sixty-nine patients were tested on phenytoin (mean serum level 13.4 +/- 5.0 mg/L), 52 after oral loading, and 17 after intravenous loading; the remaining 18 had either had prior successful testing with other drugs (9 patients) or had prior empiric failures with phenytoin (9 patients) or had prior empiric failures with phenytoin (9 patients). Nine of the 69 phenytoin trials were successful (13.0%), compared to 8 of 57 trials (14.0%) with procainamide, 4 of 37 trials (10.8%) with quinidine, and 0 of 41 trials (0%) with lidocaine. All nine patients who had successful phenytoin trials tolerated chronic doses adequate to maintain serum phenytoin levels equivalent to those measured during successful drug testing. For the 25 patients with successful drug trials, the mean follow-up was 14.5 +/- 9.8 months, and the actuarial incidence or recurrent VT/VF was 7 +/- 5% at 12 months. For the nine patients who had success with phenytoin the mean follow-up was 18.4 +/- 11.7 months, and the 12-month actuarial recurrence was 0%. Phenytoin is a well tolerated drug whose efficacy appears similar to most standard antiarrhythmic agents. If our results are confirmed in a larger, randomized study, routine testing with phenytoin should be considered. PMID- 3154706 TI - Influence of nitrendipine and verapamil on plasma levels, urinary excretion, and beta-blocking effect of metoprolol. AB - Following randomized allocation eight healthy volunteers were treated for 1 week each with metoprolol alone (100 mg twice daily), verapamil 80 mg three times a day plus metoprolol 100 mg twice daily, and with nitrendipine 20 mg twice daily. Plasma levels and urinary recovery of the beta-blocker, antipyrine clearance, and heart rate on exercise were measured. Verapamil and nitrendipine slightly prolonged elimination half-life of metoprolol. The urinary recovery of the parent beta-blocker and of its alpha-hydroxy metabolite was elevated by both calcium antagonists (verapamil and nitrendipine). Exercise tachycardia (150 beats/min without drugs) was inhibited more pronounced on the combination therapies than under metoprolol administration alone. Results of the present study indicate that calcium antagonists enhance inhibition of exercise tachycardia caused by metoprolol, possibly due to their binding to myocardial beta-adrenergic receptors which is known from the literature. As both calcium antagonists did not increase plasma levels of metoprolol, in the present study a kinetic interaction between the beta-blocker and the calcium channel blockers investigated does not appear to be responsible for the pharmacodynamic effects observed. PMID- 3154707 TI - A combination of verapamil, captopril, and diuretic in the treatment of severe hypertension. PMID- 3154704 TI - Calcium channel antagonists. Part IV: Side effects and contraindications drug interactions and combinations. AB - With the correct selection of drug and patient, the calcium antagonists as a group can be remarkably effective at relatively low cost of serious side effects. Almost all side effects are dose related. Minor side effects include those caused by vasodilation (flushing and headaches), constipation (verapamil), and ankle edema. Serious side effects are rare and result from improper use of these agents, as when intravenous verapamil (or diltiazem) is given to patients with sinus or atrioventricular nodal depression from drugs or disease, or nifedipine to patients with aortic stenosis. The potential of a marked negative inotropic effect is usually offset by afterload reduction, especially in the case of nifedipine which actually has the most marked negative inotropic effect. Yet caution is required when even calcium antagonists, especially verapamil, are given to patients with myocardial failure unless caused by hypertensive heart disease. Drug interactions of calcium antagonists occur with other cardiovascular agents such as alpha-adrenergic blockers, beta-adrenergic blockers, digoxin, quinidine, and disopyramide. The most marked interaction with digoxin is that with verapamil, which may raise digoxin levels by over 50%. Combination therapy of calcium antagonists with beta-blockers is increasingly common, and is probably safest in the case of dihydropyridines. Other combinations being explored are those with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and diuretics. PMID- 3154705 TI - Calcium channel antagonists. Part V: Second-generation agents. AB - Second-generation agents include new dihydropyridines, such as amlodipine, felodipine, isradipine, nicardipine, nimodipine, nisoldipine, and nitrendipine. Verapamil-like agents include tiapamil, gallopamil, and anipamil. Among the diphenylalkylamines, bepridil is of special interest. New preparations of existing agents include slow-release formulations of nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem. From all these agents will be selected those that are longer-acting and provide higher vascular selectivity. PMID- 3154709 TI - Effect of intravenous ketanserin on the human action potential duration at fixed heart rate. AB - In this study any changes in action potential duration or Q-T interval due to acute doses of ketanserin were monitored. The effect of a bolus dose (10 or 20 mg) followed by an infusion (10 or 20 mg over 20 minutes) of ketanserin on the Q T interval and action potential duration was studied in six patients undergoing routine cardiac catheterization. Action potential duration was measured with a silver-silver chloride electrode catheter while heart rate was kept constant by atrial pacing and reflex effects avoided by beta-adrenergic blockade. There were some prolongations of the action potential duration but they were not in excess of 40 msec and did not reach statistical significance (control 263 +/- 46.0 msec; bolus 269 +/- 52.1 msec; infusion 262 +/- 53.6 msec; nor were there any significant changes in Q-T interval. Thus acute intravenous doses of ketanserin, in the absence of hypokalaemia or other Q-T interval-prolonging drugs, have no consistent effect on Q-T interval or action potential duration; prolongation of the action potential, when it occurs, is small. PMID- 3154708 TI - Lack of tolerance development during chronic ibopamine administration to patients with congestive heart failure. AB - Beta-adrenergic agonists can progressively lose their efficacy during chronic therapy in patients with heart failure. Ibopamine is a new dopamine derivative, active on dopaminergic and beta-adrenergic receptors, whose hemodynamic activity has been acutely demonstrated. To assess whether any attenuation of its efficacy occurs, the variations of the cardiac output induced during chronic therapy were monitored by impedance cardiography in 15 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy who showed a significant increase of the cardiac output (20.7 +/- 10.0%) after acute ibopamine administration. The efficacy of ibopamine was also assessed after 6 and 12 months of therapy by echocardiography, exercise testing, and 24-hour dynamic electrocardiogram (EKG) monitoring. The cardiac output response to ibopamine did not show any significant attenuation (range 15% to 19%) in the evaluations at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 months of therapy. No significant change, was noted, after 6 and 12 months, in the exercise capacity (505 vs. 602 and 604 seconds) and the fractional shortening (16.2 vs. 18.3 and 18.5) without any change of the diastolic diameter. Ventricular arrhythmias were significantly reduced after 6, but not 12, months of therapy. No significant change in the New York Association (NYHA) functional class was noted at 6 and 12 months of therapy (2.4 +/- 5 vs. 2.3 +/- 7 and 2.4 +/-0.6, respectively). Our results show that ibopamine can maintain its hemodynamic activity even during chronic therapy. PMID- 3154710 TI - Vasoconstriction induced by ouabain in the canine coronary artery: contribution of adrenergic and nonadrenergic responses. AB - Ouabain, when applied to rings of the left circumflex coronary artery of the dog (which contains both alpha 1-adrenoceptors leading to contraction and beta 1 adrenoceptors leading to relaxation) caused an initial contraction which peaked within 15 minutes and a later secondary increase in tension which peaked within 60 minutes. These contractions were prevented by Ca2+ removal or by verapamil. Adrenergic denervation with 6-hydroxydopamine did not affect the initial contraction. Thus it is due to a nonadrenergic effect of the glycoside. Since the secondary increase in tension was prevented by adrenergic denervation and prazosin, it is likely to be due to norepinephrine released from adrenergic nerves acting on alpha-adrenoceptors. This interpretation was confirmed by the finding that ouabain, after a latent period of about 35 minutes, augmented the output of 3H-norepinephrine from helical strips of the artery previously incubated with tritiated transmitter. In rings contracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha, ouabain reduced beta-adrenergic relaxations caused by isoproterenol or exogenous norepinephrine, but not those caused by sodium nitroprusside. Thus, in this artery, ouabain depresses the responses of the beta-adrenoceptors to the norepinephrine which it releases, thereby permitting the neurotransmitter to cause contraction by activating postjunctional alpha 1-adrenoceptors. PMID- 3154711 TI - Cyanoacrylate adhesive: use in frozen section examination of eyelid tumor margins. AB - Frozen sections are used to determine the extent of eyelid tumors. The contraction of skin that occurs between the time of eyelid skin excision and frozen section preparation may result in the false impression that the tumor is incompletely excised. This requires the unnecessary removal of additional normal tissue. We have demonstrated in animal and human studies that the surface application of cyanoacrylate adhesive to skin significantly reduces the degree of skin contraction. Furthermore, the cyanoacrylate coating provides added rigidity that prevents the tissue margins from rolling inward. This facilitates the production of full-thickness, vertically oriented sections that are perpendicular to the skin surface. The cyanoacrylate coating prevents folding of the sections at the time of microtome cutting. The adhesive does not interfere with the staining, interpretation of the histopathology, or subsequent reconstruction. PMID- 3154712 TI - Sebaceous carcinoma of the glands of Zeis. AB - A 64-year-old woman developed a slowly enlarging yellow mass in the left upper eyelid that was removed by wedge resection. Histopathologic examination revealed the tumor to be a sebaceous adenocarcinoma of the glands of Zeis. The clinical features, histopathology, management, and prognosis for Zeis gland carcinomas are discussed, with emphasis upon their differences from the more common Meibomian gland carcinomas. PMID- 3154713 TI - The surgical relations of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. AB - We conducted a cadaver study of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle to examine several areas of interest that have been reported in the current medical literature. A very strong intermuscular fascia exists between the levator and superior rectus muscles; it is unlikely that a superior rectus bridle suture could pull them apart during cataract surgery. The superior transverse ligament of Whitnall functions to check the posterior movement of the levator; it provides longitudinal support to the resected levator, but does not act as a vertical fulcrum. PMID- 3154714 TI - Chronic hematic cyst of the orbit. AB - Three middle-aged male patients had painless superior temporal orbital tumor causing globe displacement. Roentgenograms revealed superior temporal orbital tumor with lysis of bone. Surgical excision and curettage completely removed the lesions, which extended from the frontal bone to the periorbita and the dura. Histologically, these were cystic lesions containing a granulomatous reaction to blood breakdown products, including cholesterol clefts, hemosiderin, giant cells, and hematodin, consistent with chronic hematic cyst. A fibrous pseudocapsule formed the cyst wall. PMID- 3154715 TI - Free autogenous "pearl fat" grafts to the eyelids. AB - Free autogenous "pearl fat" grafts of 5-6 mm in diameter are used as a method of soft tissue augmentation for the eyelid. This method is useful in restoring eyelid contour defects, separating the eyelid lamella to lower the upper eyelid crease, and augmenting eyelids in anophthalmos. Graft survival is variable and pretreatment of fat with insulin is used in an attempt to prolong fat survival. The rationale, indications, and surgical procedure are discussed. PMID- 3154716 TI - The free autogenous fat graft. A comparison of the fat "pearl" and fat "cell" graft in an animal model. AB - Adipose tissue is a material successfully utilized in the past for soft tissue augmentation. A comparison of insulin-treated free autogenous fat "pearl" grafts to insulin-treated injected fat "micrografts" was made in a rabbit animal model. Gross and microscopic examinations of free autogenous fat grafts were performed at 2, 6, and 12, weeks. With present techniques, results suggest that greater long-term soft tissue augmentation and graft survival is obtained with insulin treated free fat "pearl" grafts. PMID- 3154717 TI - Laser ablation of blepharopigmentation. AB - This article discusses laser ablation of blepharopigmentation in four stages: first, experimentally, where pigment vaporization is readily achieved with the argon blue-green laser; second, in the rabbit animal model, where eyelid blepharopigmentation markings are ablated with the laser; third, in human subjects, where the argon blue-green laser is effective in the ablation of implanted eyelid pigment; and fourth, in a case report, where, in a patient with improper pigment placement in the eyelid, the laser is used to safely and effectively ablate the undesired pigment markings. This article describes in detail the new technique of laser ablation of blepharopigmentation. Potential complications associated with the technique are discussed. PMID- 3154718 TI - Blepharopigmentation: histopathologic observations and X-ray microanalysis. AB - Blepharopigmentation or permanent eyeliner is a popular cosmetic procedure currently performed by a variety of methods. All methods attempt to implant ferrous oxide pigment into the dermis. We performed histopathologic studies on a series of three eyelid specimens, including two by a previously undescribed multi needle pigment delivery system. Light microscopy revealed the epidermis to be pigment-free and the dermis to contain pigment in clumps. Transmission electron microscopy (EM) demonstrated that the pigment was largely in macrophages. Energy dispersive x-ray micro-analysis showed that in addition to iron and talc, titanium particles were also present. These findings suggest that the pigment is tolerated by the eyelid despite the fact that current pigments are contaminated. PMID- 3154720 TI - Respiratory epithelial cyst of the orbit. AB - An 88-year-old woman presented with a longstanding superomedial cyst of the orbit complicated by recurrent acute infection. Despite a clinical picture typical for a sino-orbital mucocele, no sinus abnormality was demonstrated. Histopathologic examination revealed a respiratory epithelial lining similar to that of the paranasal sinuses. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 3154719 TI - Epibulbar osseous choristomas with scleral involvement. AB - Epibulbar osseous choristomas are rare congenital collections of mature compact bone most often located in the superotemporal fornix. Most cases are not recognized preoperatively, as the lesion is usually felt to represent a dermatolipoma or epibulbar dermoid. Although most previous reports have described a loose attachment to the surrounding orbital structures, we report two cases in which intimate scleral incorporation was present. In one case, preoperative computerized tomography and echography allowed the diagnosis and probable scleral involvement to be considered preoperatively, and surgery was deferred. The embryogenesis of these lesions is uncertain, although they seem to correlate with the scleral ossicles seen in avian anatomy, and may represent abnormal activation of embryonic pluripotential mesenchymal cells. PMID- 3154721 TI - Bilateral lymphocytic infiltrates causing dacryostenosis after bilateral successful dacryocystorhinostomies. AB - A 73-year-old woman with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia had bilateral dacryocystorhinostomies for bilateral chronic dacryocystitis. The procedures were performed 7 months apart. Twenty-four months after the first dacryocystorhinostomy on the left side, the patient developed a mass in the area of the left lacrimal sac causing epiphora. A repeat dacryocystorhinostomy revealed a lymphocytic infiltrate causing the left dacryostenosis. Thirty-three months after the right dacryocystorhinostomy, the patient developed a right dacryostenosis with epiphora and no mass. Pathology specimens obtained during a repeat dacryocystorhinostomy on the right side revealed a similar lymphocytic infiltrate. This case is an unusual presentation of solid lymphoma in a traumatized area in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3154722 TI - Congenital double lacrimal fistula. AB - A case of congenital double lacrimal fistula is herein reported. Both fistulae were noted at the time of surgery to connect to the common canaliculus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only case of a double fistula that has been reported. PMID- 3154723 TI - How much does moving the lateral wall help in expanding the orbit? AB - A case is presented in which a unilateral "orbital decompression" had been previously performed, down-fracturing the orbital floor and in-fracturing the medial orbital wall. Because of persistent bilateral exophthalmos, a four-wall orbital expansion was performed. Orbital volume determinations were made before and after the second procedure, making it possible to compare the effects of the two operations. PMID- 3154724 TI - Lateral palpebral tendon repair for lower eyelid ectropion. AB - A dehiscence of the lateral palpebral tendon may cause laxity of the eyelid and result in lower eyelid ectropion. In this study lateral palpebral tendon reconstruction was performed on 45 eyelids with ectropion and lateral palpebral tendon laxity. A periosteal flap from the lateral orbital rim was used to replace the attenuated tendon. After a mean follow-up of 16 months, 91% (41 of 45) of the eyelids had acceptable cosmetic and functional results. Included in this group were 16 eyelids with mild residual ectropion. The use of a periosteal flap to replace an attenuated lateral palpebral tendon has several advantages. The periosteal flap is readily available, strong, and autogenous. The lateral canthus is pulled posteriorly and laterally keeping the eyelid against the globe. Lastly, the procedure may be repeated or combined with other ectropion procedures. PMID- 3154725 TI - Tumors metastatic to the orbit. AB - A review of 35 consecutive cases of tumors metastatic to the orbit revealed that the primary tumor site was breast in 18 cases (51%), prostate in 6 cases (17%), lung in 2 cases (6%), gastrointestinal tract in 2 cases (6%), kidney in 1 case (3%), cutaneous melanoma in 1 case (3%), contralateral choroidal melanoma in 1 case (3%), and unknown in 4 cases (11%). The most common presenting signs and symptoms included diplopia with noncomitant strabismus, proptosis, and a palpable mass. In nine cases (26%), the orbital metastasis was detected in patients with no prior history of cancer. The average patient survival after the diagnosis of orbital metastasis was 13 months. Orbital metastasis from lung carcinoma carried the worst prognosis, with an average survival time of only 4 months. A summary of the clinical features of these 35 cases and a review of the literature on orbital metastatic disease will be presented. PMID- 3154726 TI - Medial entropion following orbital decompression for dysthyroid ophthalmopathy. AB - We found medial entropion of the lower eyelid to be common following orbital decompression for dysthyroid opthalmopathy. In our series significant postoperative medial entropion was noted in 14 of 69 patients, an incidence of 20%. Only four of these patients had entropion severe enough to require surgery (6%). Before orbital decompression, only one patient was found to have significant medial entropion (1.4%). Analysis of associated factors disclosed a positive relation between the amount of operative proptosis reduction and the degree of postoperative medial entropion. A strong correlation was also observed with the type of approach; transantral surgery was much more likely to be associated with significant postoperative medial entropion than was transconjunctival surgery. We suggest that the inferomedial displacement of the muscle cone that follows orbital decompression results in a force vector, transmitted through the lower eyelid retractors and capsulopalpebral ligament, that intorts the medial lower eyelid. Medial entropion in this setting often coexists with lower eyelid retraction, and if a "spacer" of sclera or ear cartilage is to be inserted into the lower eyelid, it should be carried into the medialmost portion of the eyelid to recess the posterior lamellae, including the medial retractors, and allow the eyelid margin to return to its normal anatomic position. PMID- 3154727 TI - The dacryolithiasis syndrome. AB - A syndrome of the typical patient with a dacryolith in the lacrimal sac or nasolacrimal duct is described, based on review of 107 consecutive patients undergoing dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) and 43 patients with a history of dacryocystitis. The incidence of dacryolithiasis was 14% of all patients having a DCR. The typical patient with a dacryolith was 45 years old, had a 4.8 year history of intermittent epiphora, had at least one episode of acute dacryocystitis, and could be irrigated with some fluid getting into the nasopharynx. Patients undergoing DCR with a history of acute dacryocystitis had a nine times higher likelihood of having a dacryolith than DCR patients without a history of acute dacryocystitis. DCR was curative in all 15 patients with a dacryolith. PMID- 3154729 TI - Clinical significance of hematic cyst of the orbit. AB - Hematic cyst is a rarely encountered orbital lesion consisting of encapsulated blood or blood breakdown products. The abnormality may be recognized by identifying the cystic structure by B-scan ultrasonography or computed tomography. Cysts located peripherally in the orbit tend to have histologic features suggesting hematoma formation. More centrally located orbital cysts are sometimes associated with vascular abnormalities. In other cases, the etiology is obscure, as in the case presented here. The visual prognosis is usually good, and associated systemic abnormalities are lacking. PMID- 3154728 TI - CO2 laser treatment of eyelid syringomas. AB - Syringomas are benign epithelial tumors of the sweat glands. The diffuse nature of these raised tumors makes surgical treatment difficult. Three patients with eyelid syringomas were successfully treated with CO2 laser vaporization. CO2 laser therapy appears to be a safe and effective mode of treatment for these benign superficial eyelid tumors. PMID- 3154730 TI - Laser treatment of juvenile hemangioma. AB - Capillary hemangioma in the infant may result in amblyopia, refractive error, or strabismus, and is often disfiguring. Treatment is challenging with respect to maintaining vision, as well as preserving function of the eyelids and ocular adnexa and obtaining the best possible cosmetic outcome. Neodymium-YAG laser photocoagulation may be a useful modality for the treatment of these lesions. We review the characteristics of the three types of lasers currently in wide use in skin surgery, with particular emphasis on their applicability for treatment of juvenile hemangioma. A possible role for the Nd-YAG laser in the management of these tumors is suggested. PMID- 3154731 TI - Recovery after loss of an eye. AB - Recovery after loss of one eye requires an adjustment to monocular vision and resolution of a significant, serious emotional trauma. The impact on everyday life is not well documented. We surveyed 125 monocular patients by questionnaire regarding their recovery. Eighty-five of 125 respondents reported that loss of one eye had not changed their life in any permanent way. Only seven reported persistent visual problems, whereas 12 described problems in employment and 21 had anxiety or poor self-image. Among 49 adults who had suddenly lost a sighted eye, 50% reported that their adjustment period for driving, work, recreation, home activities, or walking was less than 1 month. Ninety-three percent thought that their adjustment was completed by 1 year. In conclusion, most patients were able to resume everyday activities after a short period of adjustment. Problems with employment and self-image were frequent, but visual problems were unusual. PMID- 3154732 TI - The treatment of lacrimal gland prolapse in blepharoplasty. AB - Careful evaluation of the patient undergoing blepharoplasty should include an assessment of lacrimal gland position. Lacrimal gland prolapse, if uncorrected at the time of surgery, will result in lid asymmetry. The purpose of this article is to review the anatomy of the lacrimal gland, the causes of herniation, and the surgical management in conjunction with blepharoplasty. PMID- 3154733 TI - Intranasal endoscopic analysis of dacrocystorhinostomy failure. AB - Intranasal abnormalities are the most common cause of dacryocystorhinostomy failure. The nasal endoscope facilitates recognition of these abnormalities and provides photo documentation to guide the surgeon to the appropriate postoperative management. PMID- 3154734 TI - Histopathology of nasolacrimal duct obstruction compatible with localized sarcoidosis. AB - We report a case of nasolacrimal duct obstruction with histopathology compatible with localized sarcoidosis, in a patient with no evidence of systemic disease. Excisional biopsy of the nasolacrimal duct revealed multiple noncaseating granulomas. Previously reported cases of sarcoidosis involving the lacrimal drainage system all had systemic disease, and these case are reviewed. Our case illustrates the potential value of nasolacrimal duct biopsy during dacryocystorhinostomy. PMID- 3154735 TI - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma involving the lacrimal sac. AB - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lacrimal sac was diagnosed in a 62-year-old woman who presented with epiphora and a fixed painless mass in the area of the lacrimal sac. Histopathologic findings included nests and islands of neoplastic cells in a fibrotic stroma. The tumor nests contained both glandular spaces and solid epithelial areas. Treatment entailed dacryocystectomy with silastic intubation and subsequent medial maxillectomy and ethmoidectomy. The patient was tumor free on 1-year follow-up. Clinical features, histopathological findings, prognosis, and management of this rare tumor are reviewed in this article. PMID- 3154736 TI - Acquired ptosis associated with a conjunctival cyst. AB - A 44-year-old woman with a history of previous ptosis surgery presented with a moderate ptosis of the left upper eyelid and a large cystic mass extending over the length of that lid. The mass was excised completely and histologically found to be a conjunctival ductal cyst. The levator aponeurosis was disrupted by the cyst and required reconstruction. This case demonstrates an acquired ptosis associated with a large conjunctival cyst as a late complication of ptosis surgery. PMID- 3154737 TI - Medial canthal salivary gland tumor. AB - Terminal duct adenocarcinoma, of minor salivary gland origin and arising from the base of the nose, eroded through the lateral nasal bone to present as a medial canthal mass. Although rare, these tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis of periorbital adnexal masses. PMID- 3154739 TI - Adjustable sutures for the correction of adult-acquired ptosis. AB - A modified technique for the correction of adult-acquired ptosis has been developed. This method allows the surgeon to make minor adjustments to lid level and contour 1-2 days postoperatively. The technique permits the surgeon to set the lid level without having to deal with many of the variables found at the time of surgery. PMID- 3154738 TI - Isolated levator myositis. AB - A 54-year-old woman presented with a 1-day history of ptosis of the left upper lid. On examination, the patient exhibited a moderate ptosis, poor levator function, lid lag on down-gaze, and no limitation of ocular motility. A computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast demonstrated enhancement of the levator muscle and levator aponeurosis on the involved side. Treatment consisted of systemic steroid administration and led to complete resolution of the ptosis in 2 weeks. The combined clinical and CT scan findings give a characteristic pattern of an isolated levator myositis. PMID- 3154740 TI - Fate of primary orbital dermis-fat grafts in guinea pigs. AB - A year-long study was undertaken to serially evaluate the tissue changes occurring in dermis-fat graft (DFG) after orbital implantation in nine guinea pigs. Methods used to evaluate the DFGs were histology, magnetic resonance imaging, morphometric analysis, and clinical observations. The histology of a 1 year-old failed human dermis-fat graft has been included for completeness. The study reveals that clinically successful DFGs have a fibrous capsule surrounding the DFG. Minimal revascularization was present. The grafts appear to undergo continual histological changes for approximately 9 months before a steady-state condition ensues. Of interest are changes in the deep-orbital fat posterior to the DFG. PMID- 3154741 TI - New surgical approaches to the management of ocular exposure secondary to facial paralysis. AB - Restoring dynamic eyelid function in patients who experience facial paralysis is a difficult problem. Some procedures necessary to protect the globe, such as tarsorrhaphies, may be cosmetically disfiguring and functionally disabling. Several surgical procedures may be used in combination to restore function and, at the same time, achieve satisfactory cosmesis. The use of gold weights and ear cartilage grafts is described. In the author's experience, the use of this combination produces very good results. PMID- 3154743 TI - Palpebral dacryoadenectomy for epiphora. AB - The efficacy of palpebral dacryoadenectomy (PDA) to relieve epiphora was studied in 37 patients. Symptomatic relief and postoperative Schirmer testing was used in the evaluation. The technique is described. All patients had patent lacrimal excretory systems: 62% of patients undergoing lacrimal lobectomy had complete relief of epiphora; 19% had some improvement, but incomplete relief; 76% had postoperative decrease in their Schirmer testing; and 14% had postoperative foreign body sensation and some degree of dry eye. PMID- 3154742 TI - Frontal sinus mucopyocele in cystic fibrosis. AB - This report summarizes the treatment of two patients with cystic fibrosis and frontal sinus mucopyocele. The first patient, an 18-year-old boy, had a 1-year history of a proptosis of the left eye. The second patient, a 28-year-old woman, had a 3-month history of intermittent diplopia. In both cases, the frontal sinus mucocele was diagnosed by computed tomographic scans; both were successfully treated with an osteoplastic flap and fat obliteration of the frontal sinus. When a patient with cystic fibrosis presents with a history of unilateral proptosis, diplopia, or frontal headaches, a paranasal sinus mucocele should be suspected. PMID- 3154744 TI - Size variation of the lacrimal punctum in adults. AB - This is the first reported study on accurate computerized measurements of lacrimal punctal size in normal adults. There was a wide variation found between patients. The lower lid puncta were consistently noted to be larger than those of the upper lids. This is clinically significant in dry-eye patients who may need to be treated with punctal plugs of various sizes. PMID- 3154745 TI - Kimura's disease of the orbit. AB - A 70-year-old man presented with proptosis and ptosis of the right eye. An orbital mass was palpable and computed tomography scanning and magnetic resonance imaging scanning confirmed its superior orbital position, with extension back to the orbital apex. Definitive biopsy, undertaken via an anterior orbitotomy, demonstrated the lesion to be Kimura's disease. The patient was managed conservatively, and most of his symptoms resolved. Kimura's disease involving the orbit is briefly reviewed in this paper. PMID- 3154746 TI - Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy with Pyrex tube. AB - Extrusion and migration of the Jones tube are known complications of conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy. We have an unusual case in which the mechanism for extrusion is identified and the problem corrected. PMID- 3154747 TI - Cautery dissection in levator surgery. AB - This report describes a new technique that facilitates dissection of tissue planes and essentially eliminates intraoperative bleeding, two of the most frequently encountered problems during levator surgery. The described technique has been used in more than 450 consecutive eyelids with congenital and acquired ptosis requiring levator surgery. Disinsertion or dehiscence of the aponeurosis was found in less than 5% of the cases of involutional ptosis. PMID- 3154748 TI - Lacrimal intubation set with suture in the lumen. AB - When silicone tubes are used for lacrimal drainage problems, tube removal at a later date often requires a second anesthetic. This paper describes a method of joining the lower ends of the tube to make a continuous loop. The method allows for easy removal, saves time, and can be easily performed. PMID- 3154749 TI - [Isoflurane pollution in operating rooms]. AB - In three operating rooms of a Sardinian hospital, the Authors have measured the air levels of isoflurane using static samplers. Anaesthetic mean daily concentrations ranged from 3.5 to 41.5 ppm in room A, from 4.1 to 24.4 ppm in room B, from 9.5 to 30.4 ppm in room C above all depending on the length and the number of surgical operations. The Authors emphasize the need of suitable prevention measures. PMID- 3154750 TI - [Talcosis-asbestosis: an unusual risk in a food industry]. AB - In a 37 years-old female worker, who had undergone surgical excision of a segment of the right lower lobe for a chronic aspecific pleuropneumonitis, the histological examination of the excised lung tissue showed asbestos alveolitis with diffuse interstitial fibrosis, and multiple granulomata containing talc particles. An investigation at the work site showed that the worker had been engaged for 22 years in dusting salami with a mixture of rice flour and talc contaminated with chrysotile asbestos. Thirteen work-mates engaged in the same job were studied. In two of them, with chest X-rays negative for pneumoconiosis, a functional ventilatory impairment, restrictive in type, associated with a reduced pulmonary diffusion of gases, was demonstrated. In these two cases, bronchoalveolar lavage showed signs of severe exposure to asbestos (which at TEM evaluation resulted to be amphibolic) talc and other fibres, with presence of iron-laden macrophages, indicators of haemorrhagic alveolitis. Moreover, in one of them, a severe macrophagic-lymphocytic alveolitis, with inverted T helper/T suppressor ratio, was presented, possible expression of a hypersensitivity pulmonary reaction. Taking into consideration the length and modality of work, with exposure to talc powder contaminated with asbestos, for the three cases the diagnosis of "pre-radiologic talcosis-asbestosis" was made. Since the occupational risk was not known in this industry, no ambient and personal preventive and protective measures had been taken; anyway, such type of work has now been stopped. The exposed workers shall be kept under control in the future for surveillance directed towards early diagnosis of possible further asbestos effects. PMID- 3154751 TI - [Health status of journalists and organization of work in a national daily newspaper]. AB - A multidisciplinary investigation was performed on 173 reporters (53 men and 20 women) of a newspaper. The microclimate and illumination conditions of the main seat, in which the use of VDT was beginning, were satisfactory, although not all the instruments were correctly adjusted. A very low percentage of reporters working in the main center was suffering from arterial hypertension indicating the presence of the "healthy worker effect". The values of plasma cortisol and arterial blood pressure of 10 reporters of the main seat, except two cases, changed normally during the evening hours. It is to point out that among the reporters there was significant correlation between spondylosis and astigmatism. The psychological investigation evidenced that the reporters were aggressive, eager of success and with constant attention. The EMG biofeedback demonstrated in the reporters with a more prolonged period of employment nervous tension and difficulty in relaxing. Particularly, in the reporters of the main center, the Stait-Trait Anxiety Inventory was more altered than in those of the peripheral seats. PMID- 3154753 TI - Annual dose of noise absorbed by machine drivers in wine and cereal growing. AB - We calculated the annual noise dose absorbed by machine drivers engaged in wine and cereal growing. In order to do that it has been measured the average daily noise dose in the various mechanized operations and then calculated in respect of its duration in a working year. The days spent in manual works were also taken in account. The annual dose of noise became somewhat higher than 90 dB(A) in wine growing, while in cereal growing it was a bit higher than 95 dB(A). The reliability of these data was confirmed by an epidemiological study of hearing damage. In 106 tractor-drivers, employed in farms where wine and cereal growings are done, it was found that the hearing threshold shift due to noise (average 1000-2000-4000 Hz) in relation to the years of employment, had a similar course to that forecasted by the Normative ISO-DIS 1999 in those exposed to a noise dose of 95 dB(A). PMID- 3154754 TI - [Tutorial systems of computer-assisted self-instruction. A review]. AB - Recent trends of pedagogy point out the importance of self-learning, which represents one of the applied models of mastery learning. This article reviews the characteristics of self-learning methods based on the use of computer. Computer aided instruction (CAI) systems include tutorials, drill & practice, evaluation, simulation programs. Particularly, tutorials are considered and compared with other learning methods. Their basic requirements are defined, especially the necessity to be interactive so that students could participate in the instructional process. Other aspects, regarding quality, help facilities, retrieval facilities, utilization easiness, interest of students, efficacy are considered. However, CAI systems do not completely substitute traditional teaching methods: they are regarded as being complementary to them and innovative, and as making learning more interesting and gratifying for the students. PMID- 3154752 TI - [Decrement of respiratory function indices in a case series of workers exposed to cement dust: a longitudinal study]. AB - Longitudinal changes in some respiratory parameters (FEV1 and VC) have been examined in a sample of cement workers (163 male subjects differently exposed to cement dusts); the subjects have been surveyed over a period of 10 years performing yearly spirometric tests (Vital capacity--VC and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second--FEV1 measurements). Three possible risk indicators have been considered: occupational exposure, smoking habit and age. 65.6% and 60.7% of the cases showed significant individual annual decreases of VC and FEV1 throughout the time of follow up. According to our results the occupational risk indicator has not significantly influenced the normal trend of decreases of the respiratory parameters; instead age brings about an increase of longitudinal changes of VC and smoke habit an increase of longitudinal changes of FEV1, (but only in the younger group, people less than forty years old). 16 subjects characterized by abnormal losses (more than 100 ml/year) have been selected as "VC-FEV1, losers". PMID- 3154755 TI - [Occupational diseases: considerations on a clinical case series]. AB - The authors examine cases of occupational diseases diagnosed between 1982 and 1988 in patients admitted to "Divisione di Medicina del Lavoro I Sezione di medicina del Lavoro del Dipartimento di Medicina preventiva, occupazionale e di comunita dell'Universita di Pavia". The most frequent syndromes concerns the auditory apparatus (having losses or deafness due to noise) and the respiratory system, whereas new safety regulations have given rise to the disappearance of benzene-induced hematologic abnormalities. Most of, the "classical" features of occupational diseases have disappeared, since early diagnosis has permitted the adoption of opportune technical and sanitary measures. The authors emphasize the necessity for role of Occupational Medicine (ever following the sentences 179 and 206 of the "Corte Costituzionale") to be not prevention, but also diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation; therefore there is a need, all over the country, for adequate structures for the diagnosis and treatment of the occupational diseases. PMID- 3154756 TI - A bibliography of articles in dentistry and aging: research and case studies. PMID- 3154757 TI - Health beliefs and regimen adherence of the American Indian diabetic. PMID- 3154758 TI - The high achieving Sioux Indian child: some preliminary findings from the Flower of Two Soils project. PMID- 3154759 TI - Suicide and self-destruction among American Indian youths. PMID- 3154760 TI - Emerging tribal models for the civil commitment of American Indians. PMID- 3154762 TI - Cultural lessons for clinical mental health practice the Puyallup tribal community. PMID- 3154761 TI - Urban Indian psychiatric patients in community care. PMID- 3154763 TI - A pilot study of depression among American Indian patients with research diagnostic criteria. PMID- 3154764 TI - A public health approach to suicide attempts on a Sioux reservation. PMID- 3154765 TI - Cluster suicide in American Indian adolescents. PMID- 3154766 TI - Suicide in Alaska from 1978 to 1985: updated data from state files. PMID- 3154767 TI - Secondary and tertiary prevention strategies applied to suicide among American Indians. PMID- 3154768 TI - Helping communities address suicide and violence: the special initiatives team of the Indian Health Service. PMID- 3154769 TI - Studies on an isolated West Indies population. VI. Immunoglobulin (Gm and Km) allotypes. AB - A random sample of 221 individuals taken from 2000 inhabitants of a small Caribbean island of French origin were typed for Gm and Km allotypes. Gm haplotype frequencies were found to be significantly different from France. Km(1) frequency was found to be lower than in the French population. These differences suggest a small degree of admixture with the Black population, and genetic drift. PMID- 3154770 TI - C3 polymorphism in Kotas and Badagas of Nilgiri Hills, south India. AB - Blood serum samples from Kota (n = 95) and Badaga (n = 113) groups of the Nilgiri Hills, South India, were screened for C3 polymorphism using polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. The distribution of the three common phenotypes F, FS and S and a variant phenotype is reported. Two deficient individuals, one per subsample, have been found. The allelic frequencies for C3*F and C3*S in Kotas and Badagas are 0.1075, 0.8925 and 0.0982, 0.9018 respectively. The results are discussed in the light of available literature on C3 polymorphism in other Indian populations. PMID- 3154771 TI - The genetic polymorphism of complement component C81 (alpha-gamma) in two Chinese populations. AB - The genetic polymorphism of the complement component C81 (alpha-gamma) in two Chinese populations (Beijing and Guangzhou) were investigated, using isoelectric focusing followed by an immunoblotting technique. Three common and two rare phenotypes were observed. The homozygote phenotype C81 A1 ascribed to a rare allele C81*A1 was newly detected. The frequencies calculated for the two common alleles were as follows: C81*A = 0.5674, C81*B = 0.4255 for the Beijing population; C81*A = 0.5117, C81*B = 0.4785 for the Guangzhou population. The gene frequencies of the two common alleles of C81 in both Chinese populations were similar to those for the other ethnic groups thus far reported, and there is no statistically significant difference between the Beijing and the Guangzhou populations. PMID- 3154772 TI - C3 complement types in northern Greece. AB - The C3 complement types were studied in 463 patients with thyroid diseases and in 211 controls. There were no significant differences with respect to gene or phenotype frequencies between patient groups and controls. In the total sample, the gene frequencies are similar to those found in other European populations. PMID- 3154773 TI - Polymorphism of the locus CHE1 of pseudocholinesterase in Italy. AB - A sample of the Italian population was investigated to determine the CHE1*u, CHE1*a and CHE1*f allelic variants at the polymorphic locus CHE1 for the serum cholinesterase enzyme. We examined 4051 serum samples from schoolchildren of Milan and estimated the following allelic frequencies for the CHE1 locus: CHE1*u = 0.9636; CHE1*a = 0.0263; CHE1*f = 0.0101. These allelic frequencies are compared with those from other Italian, European, North African and Middle Eastern countries. Our study confirms the validity of Garry's method in discriminating between the "usual" genotype and the "atypical" and "fluoride resistant" ones. PMID- 3154774 TI - Distribution of enzyme polymorphisms in six Sicilian communes. AB - The relations between seven genetic systems in six Sicilian communes (a commune is the smallest unit in the Italian administrative system) were explored in a sample of 719 young adults. It was found that there is some correspondence between geographic location and genetic differentiation, through kinship analysis and correspondence analysis. A probable bottleneck or mutation effect was observed in the commune of Vizzini, in Southeastern Sicily, which is characterized by a polymorphic frequency of the allele H of 6PGD. PMID- 3154775 TI - Gene frequencies of some polymorphic loci in the isolate of Zeri (Tuscany, Italy). AB - Gene frequencies of three blood group antigens, six erythrocyte enzymes and the secretor status have been estimated in a sample of a small and isolated population (about 2000 inhabitants) from the Northern Appennines (municipality of Zeri). A comparison with genetic data from literature reveals the peculiarity of the population of Zeri with respect to its sub-region (Lunigiana) and shows a high degree of genetic variation compared to other Tuscan populations (Garfagnana and Versilia). PMID- 3154777 TI - [The determination of fetal lung maturity in amniotic fluid obtained vaginally]. PMID- 3154778 TI - [The detection of intraventricular hemorrhage in utero by ultrasound. A case report]. PMID- 3154776 TI - Population polymorphism of the GLO1 enzyme. Identification of two new variants. AB - A new electrophoretic technique for the determination of the glyoxalase I (GLO1) polymorphism on mixed agarose and starch gel is applied to the genetic study of "Provinces Francaises" and some other human populations. Four rare electrophoretic variants are revealed; two of them (GLO1*4, GLO1*5), both new, are discussed. In the "Provinces Francaises" the mating GLO1 2-1 x GLO1 2-1 shows an irregular segregation of the GLO1 alloenzymes. PMID- 3154779 TI - [Sialoproteins in the blastocyst-endometrial interaction in the rat]. PMID- 3154780 TI - [Salpingoclasia in a second-level unit]. PMID- 3154781 TI - [Prophylactic antibiotics in premature rupture of the membranes]. PMID- 3154782 TI - [A biographical sketch. Dr. Luis Ricaud Rothiot]. PMID- 3154784 TI - Serotonergic axons in the monkey's lateral geniculate nucleus. AB - Axons containing serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in the lateral geniculate nucleus of Macaca monkeys were stained using light or electron microscopic (EM) immunocytochemical labeling techniques. 5-HT labeled axons were sparsely and homogeneously distributed throughout the entire nucleus. Small varicosities were located irregularly along each axon giving them a beaded appearance. Examination of these axons at the EM level revealed that the varicosities contained synaptic vesicles that were variable in size and shape. Nearly all of the varicosities lacked synaptic contacts; only two out of over two hundred labeled varicosities appeared to form a synaptic contact, and serial sections through ten varicosities showed no discernible pre- or postsynaptic membrane specializations. 5-HT labeled axon varicosities were not observed to be preferentially located in proximity to any specific neuronal structures at either the light or EM level. 5-HT varicosities were estimated to form about 1% of the profiles containing synaptic vesicles in the neuropil of the lateral geniculate nucleus. We conclude that axons containing serotonin in the lateral geniculate nucleus release this neurotransmitter to act in a neuromodulatory manner throughout the neuropil, probably to set a general level of neuronal excitability. PMID- 3154785 TI - Saccadic eye movements evoked by electrical stimulation of the cat's visual cortex. AB - Eye movements were recorded with the scleral search coil method while striate cortex (area 17) was stimulated in alert cats with their heads fixed. Regardless of where stimulation was applied in the retinotopic map, eye position at the onset of stimulation strongly affected the amplitudes of evoked saccades, but had much less influence on their directions. Application of long stimulus trains evoked repeated saccades at all sites tested. Highly convergent or goal-directed saccades were not observed. Cortically evoked saccades appeared to habituate with repeated stimulation and had higher thresholds and longer latencies that those reported for saccades evoked from the superior colliculus. The directions of cortically evoked saccades generally agreed with those predicted from the retinotopic coordinates of the stimulus sites, but saccade amplitudes were usually lower than expected. It is suggested that these findings are consistent with certain characteristics of eye-head coordination in the cat's normal visual orienting behavior. The results are difficult to reconcile with the hypothesis that goal-directed saccades are a normal response to targets outside the cat's oculomotor range. PMID- 3154783 TI - Development of primate retinogeniculate axon arbors. AB - In this study we examine the postnatal development of retinogeniculate axons projecting to the magnocellular (M axons), parvocellular (P axons), and koniocellular (K axons) layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in the prosimian primate, Galago crassicaudatus, in order to: (1) understand how individual retinogeniculate axons in primates mature postnatally, and (2) determine whether differences exist in the development of separate classes of axons that are known to be presynaptic to physiologically distinct cells in adults. In galagos, magnocellular, parvocellular, and koniocellular LGN layers contain Y-, X-, and W-like physiological cell classes, respectively (Norton & Casagrande, 1982). In vitro and in vivo optic tract bulk injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were made in animals ranging in age from the day of birth (P0) to adulthood. Two hundred and fifty axonal arbors were completely reconstructed from serial sections and examined qualitatively for general features of maturity and compared quantitatively for changes in shape, arbor width, area, volume, bouton number, and bouton density. Our results confirm that in adult galagos M arbors are large and radially symmetric; P arbors are medium sized and elongated perpendicular to layer borders; K arbors are small and generally oriented parallel to layer borders. At birth, M, P, and K arbors, although still distinct and confined to layers, are qualitatively and quantitatively immature. Both the pattern and pace of maturation differ between classes. Overall, M arbors mature before P arbors which in turn mature before K arbors. Within classes, arbors representing central vision appear to develop about a week ahead of those representing peripheral vision; no differences are evident between the development of crossed and uncrossed arbors. In no case do arbors exhibit a period of postnatal exuberance, wherein arbors are larger than those of the adult as reported for cat X retinal axons. However, in width and bouton density P arbors are mature at P0 and thus occupy relatively more space in the nucleus compared to adult. All arbors mature rapidly and appear adult-like by the 4th or 5th postnatal week. PMID- 3154786 TI - Asymmetries in ON and OFF visual pathways of humans revealed using contrast evoked cortical potentials. AB - Positive- and negative-contrast stimuli yield the perceptions of brightness and darkness, respectively, and are processed separately by ON and OFF neural pathways. The properties of these morphologically and pharmacologically distinct subsystems were measured in humans by recording visual evoked potentials (VEPs). These electrical responses from the visual cortex were elicited by novel positive and negative-contrast stimuli, designed to emphasize, selectively, contributions from ON and OFF pathways. Results revealed differential processing of the two types of contrast information, suggesting asymmetries in ON and OFF subsystems; OFF subsystems have finer spatial tuning and greater contrast gain than ON subsystems. These VEPs may be useful in diagnosing neurological disorders that involve primarily one subsystem. PMID- 3154787 TI - Statistical properties of the maintained discharge of chemically isolated ganglion cells in goldfish retina. AB - Action potentials were recorded from isolated goldfish retinae maintained in a superfusate of Ringer's solution. Responses to flashes of light and maintained discharges were obtained from 84 cells. The properties of these cells were compared to those in two other goldfish preparations: the isolated retina maintained in a flow of moist oxygen and the self-respiring fish. Maintained discharges of cells in the superfused retinae tended to have lower mean firing rates, higher variability, and weaker high-pass properties than had been observed in the previous preparations. These properties seemed insensitive to the particular formulae used to superfuse the retinae. Cobalt, which disables synapses, dramatically reduced maintained firing and eliminated photic responses. Cells that did fire in the presence of cobalt generally had low variabilities before cobalt was added; their firing in cobalt was considerably more variable than the baseline. Nevertheless, cobalt did not seem to change the temporal dependency (high-pass properties) of the maintained discharges. The cholinergic agonist carbachol had an excitatory effect upon 71% of the cells tested. Bursty or oscillatory firing in cobalt was rendered more regular by the addition of carbachol. With the exception of the mean firing rate, none of the statistical properties of the maintained discharge differed in cobalt plus carbachol from those in normal Ringer's solution. There was a tendency for the statistical properties of the maintained discharge after the treatment to approach those of the previously reported preparations; the treatment was at least partially responsible for the drift in properties. The results are discussed in terms of the possible sources of variability in the ganglion cell's discharge, with particular reference to the high-pass filter that appears to act upon it. PMID- 3154789 TI - Neuroactive peptides as markers of retinal ganglion cell populations that differ in anatomical organization and function. AB - Recent immunocytochemical studies indicate the existence of several classes of peptide- (PRGC) and catecholamine-containing retinal ganglion cells in anurans, birds, and mammals. Different classes of PRGC project to discrete and seemingly unique layers in the retino-recipient portion of the anuran and avian optic tectum. Peptide-containing retinofugal projections to the frog tectum originate early in development, and are reestablished by some classes of PRGC during regeneration of the optic nerve. These findings indicate that chemically specific, parallel retinofugal pathways presumably subserve different functional aspects of vision in vertebrates. Exciting prospects for research include the correlation of physiologically with immunocytochemically defined classes of retinal ganglion cells, the analysis of the possible role of neuroactive peptides in retinofugal transmission, and the pharmacological manipulation of putative peptidergic retinofugal pathways to analyze their role in visual function. PMID- 3154788 TI - Neural organization of the retina of the turtle Mauremys caspica: a light microscope and Golgi study. AB - The organization of the retina of the turtle species Mauremys caspica, found in fresh water ponds of Israel, has been examined by light microscopical techniques including examination of fresh wholemount retina, one micron blue-stained vertical sections and Golgi-stained material. The anatomical findings on Mauremys retina have been compared with those of the Pseudemys retina (Kolb, 1982) which is more commonly used for electrophysiological and neurochemical studies in the USA. The photoreceptors of Mauremys are similar in type and oil droplet content to Pseudemys photoreceptors except for the double cone in Mauremys. This cone type appears more abundant than in Pseudemys and the principal member contains a yellow oil droplet instead of an orange oil droplet. Golgi staining reveals that the cell types that have been seen in Pseudemys are found in Mauremys with identical morphology. In addition, two amacrine cell types that were not before described for Pseudemys have been added to the classification. One of these is the tristratified dopaminergic amacrine cell described in immunocytochemical studies (Witkovsky et al., 1984; Nguyen-Legros et al., 1985; Kolb et al., 1987). We have used these anatomical studies on Pseudemys and Mauremys retina to form a catalogue of neural types for the turtle retina in general. We conclude with an attempt to combine findings from anatomy, electrophysiology, and neurochemistry to form an overview of the organization of this reptilian retina. PMID- 3154790 TI - Size-difference thresholds after lesions of thalamic visual nuclei in pigeons. AB - Nucleus rotundus and nucleus dorsolateralis posterior (DLP) are the thalamic components of two parallel pathways within the tectofugal division of the pigeon visual system. An earlier study (Hodos, Weiss & Bessette, 1986) had shown that lesions in direct telencephalic recipients of projections from rotundus and DLP produced postoperative elevations in size-difference thresholds only if the lesion included both structures. What was not revealed by their study was whether the integrity of both thalamic components is necessary for pigeons to discriminate small differences in the size of stimuli or whether the birds could still make the discrimination with only one of the two nuclei intact. This question was particularly important because no prior behavioral evidence existed to indicate that DLP plays a role in visual information processing. Therefore, 14 pigeons were tested preoperatively using a variant of the method of constant stimuli to determine the smallest difference between the size of two annuli that the subjects could discern. The comparison stimuli, which were presented in a successive discrimination procedure, ranged from 3.5-15 mm in diameter. After surgery, in which lesions were placed bilaterally in rotundus, DLP, or both structures, the subjects' size-difference thresholds were again determined. Combined lesions of rotundus and DLP resulted in impaired psychophysical performance. The postoperative behavior was characterized by initial elevations in threshold followed by a gradual improvement in performance. Some birds returned to their preoperative level. By comparison, subjects with lesions in rotundus or DLP alone showed an immediate return to their preoperative sensitivity level. These results indicate that both nuclei can process information about the size of visual stimuli. Moreover, the processing that occurs within either nucleus is sufficient for the pigeon to discriminate size differences. The present experiment provides the first behavioral evidence that DLP participates in visual information processing. PMID- 3154792 TI - Tunicamycin-induced degeneration in cone photoreceptors. AB - Tunicamycin (TM), an inhibitor of dolichylphosphate-mediated protein glycosylation, was injected intravitreally into the eyes of diurnal rodents with cone-dominated retinas. Injection of 1 microgram of the B2 isomer led to a progressive degeneration of the photoreceptor outer segments and disruption of the RPE-photoreceptor interface that took place over a 10-day period. Cone outer segments were shortened by postinjection day 6 and virtually absent by day 9. The microvilli that normally protrude from the apical surface of the retinal pigment epithelium were replaced by a fringe of shortened processes. The other retinal layers showed no morphological evidence of disruption. Retinal sensitivity, as measured by electroretinographic b-wave threshold, showed a significant and progressive decline over the 10-day course of the experiment that paralleled the disruption of retinal morphology. These results suggest that TM leads to similar morphological and electrophysiological effects on rod and cone photoreceptors. PMID- 3154791 TI - Prenatal disruption of binocular interactions creates novel lamination in the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus. AB - The elimination of retinogeniculate afferents from one eye on embryonic day 44 (E44) has pronounced effects on the formation of the cellular laminae in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Only two laminae form: a dorsal, "magnocellular" layer, and a ventral, "parvocellular" layer. Soma size measurements and previously reported patterns of termination of retinogeniculate axons suggest that the dorsal lamina is a coalescence of the normal A-laminae and the dorsal, magnocellular division of layer C, while the ventral layer is a composite of the parvocellular sublamina of layer C and the remaining C-laminae. This is a novel pattern of lamination in the LGN that differs from that found in the normal nucleus, not only in that there are now only two cell layers rather than the normal five, but also in that the interlaminar zone occurs in an abnormal location. This result is markedly different from that observed in other species where interlaminar zones present after early monocular enucleation are a subset of the ones which would normally be present. We suggest that, in the absence of ongoing binocular interactions, interactions between functionally distinct retinal ganglion cell classes from the remaining eye may direct the formation of cell laminae in the LGN, even when such interactions are not normally operative. PMID- 3154793 TI - Spectral sensitivity of the electroretinogram b-wave in dark-adapted goldfish. AB - The action spectrum of the ERG b-wave was measured under dark-adapted conditions in intact goldfish (Carassius auratus). It is substantially broader than the absorption spectrum of goldfish rod porphyropsin. Neither prolonged dark adaptation nor removal of possible efferent neural activity affected its shape. Moreover, a 682-nm background did not produce a selective loss of sensitivity to long wavelengths. The results imply that the spectral sensitivity of the b-wave in dark-adapted goldfish reflects the influence of at least two photoreceptor types which act as a single univariant mechanism near absolute threshold. PMID- 3154794 TI - Muller cell endfeet at the inner surface of the retina: light microscopy. AB - Using fractions of the protein spectrum of the cat retina as immunogens, we have generated antibodies with substantial specificity for the Muller cells of the retina of cat, rabbit, guinea pig, and rat. The antibodies appear to bind to the filamentous components of the Muller cells and allow demonstration of the pattern of Muller cell endfeet at the inner surface of the retina, best seen in wholemount preparations. In sections and at the edge of wholemount preparations the somas and processes of the cells can be observed. Muller cells are more evenly distributed over the retina than ganglion cells, indicating that their proliferation continues during the differential growth of retina which continues into postnatal life. The morphology and distribution of the endfeet varies with the structures present at the inner surface of the retina. Where the axon bundles are thick, the endfeet are relatively small and are confined to narrow rows between bundles. Muller cell endfeet are also separated widely by large blood vessels. In both situations, it seems likely that Muller cells and astrocytes both contribute, perhaps competitively, to form the glia limitans of the inner surface of the retina. Where the somas of neurones are densely packed in the ganglion cell layer, the endfeet are small and numerous, forming rings around the somas. Where axon bundles, vessels, and somas are sparse, the endfeet appear largest and form a regular array. PMID- 3154795 TI - Laminar organization and ultrastructure of GABA-immunoreactive neurons and processes in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri). AB - The distribution and ultrastructure of neurons and neuropil labeled by an antiserum to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were examined in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri). The LGN of this species segregates center type and cell class into three distinct pairs of laminae: a medial pair (laminae 1 and 2) containing ON-center cells, a more lateral pair (4, 5) containing OFF-center cells, and 2 laminae (3, 6) containing W-like cells. The relationship between this laminar segregation and the distribution of GABA immunoreactivity was investigated in the present study. GABA immunoreactive neurons and neuropil were present in all six of the laminae. However, both the density of labeled cells (adjusted for neuronal density across laminae) and the density of labeled neuropil showed a medial-to-lateral gradient. The adjusted density of labeled cells was higher laterally than medially, and the density of labeled neuropil was significantly greater in the more lateral OFF center laminae and W-like laminae than in the medial two ON-center laminae. Thus, inhibitory, GABAergic influences may modulate to different degrees the visual signals in the ON, OFF, and W pathways. Labeled cells had a mean cross-sectional area (107 microns 2) approximately one-half that of unlabeled cells (216 microns 2). They constitute 16-34% of the neurons in the LGN. At the electron microscope level, three different kinds of labeled profile were observed. Vesicle containing profiles like the F2 profiles of cat were postsynaptic to retinal terminals and presynaptic to conventional dendrites. F1 axon terminals with dense clusters of vesicles were also labeled as were some myelinated axons. Another labeled profile, which we suggest should be called an F3 process, was a large dendrite of irregular caliber with punctate groups of vesicles near the synapse. Our results suggest that GABAergic circuitry is an important part of the functional organization in the LGN of the tree shrew. PMID- 3154797 TI - [3H]nicotine binding sites are associated with mammalian optic nerve terminals. AB - The autoradiographic distribution of [3H]nicotine binding sites was examined in the superior colliculus in normal rats and cats, and in animals in which one or both eyes were removed. [3H]Nicotine binding sites in normal animals were densely concentrated in the superficial layers of the colliculus corresponding to the zone of termination of optic nerve fibers. Following bilateral enucleation, [3H]nicotine binding in the superficial collicular layers was drastically reduced. Unilateral enucleation markedly reduced [3H]nicotine binding sites in the colliculus contralateral to the removed eye, with little effect on the ipsilateral colliculus. These results provide further evidence that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have a presynaptic location on optic tract terminals and may therefore modulate retinotectal transmission in both the rat and cat visual system. PMID- 3154796 TI - Effects of eye position on electrically evoked saccades: a theoretical note. AB - The trajectories of saccadic eye movements evoked electrically from many brain structures are dependent to some degree on the initial position of the eye. Under certain conditions, likely to occur in stimulation experiments, local feedback models of the saccadic system can yield eye movements which behave in this way. The models in question assume that an early processing stage adds an internal representation of eye position to retinal error to yield a signal representing target position with respect to the head. The saccadic system is driven by the difference between this signal and one representing the current position of the eye. Albano & Wurtz (1982) pointed out that lesions perturbing the computation of eye position with respect to the head can result in initial position dependence of visually evoked saccades. It is shown here that position-dependent saccades will also result if electrical stimulation evokes a signal equivalent to retinal error but fails to effect a complete addition of eye position to this signal. Also, when multiple or staircase saccades are produced, as during long stimulus trains, they will have identical directions but decrease progressively in amplitude by a factor related to the fraction of added eye position. PMID- 3154798 TI - Spectral sensitivity of primate photoreceptors. AB - The spectral sensitivities of rods and cones in macaque and human retinas were determined by recording the membrane current from single outer segments. In the macaque retina, the wavelengths of maximum sensitivity were at about 430, 530, and 561 nm for the blue, green, and red cones, respectively, and at 491 nm for the rods. The shapes of the spectra of the three cones were similar when plotted on a log wavenumber scale; the rod spectrum was slightly broader. Spectral sensitivities of the red and green cones from a human retina were virtually identical to those of macaque cones. For comparison with human psychophysical measurements, the rod and cone spectra were adjusted to give the sensitivities expected for light incident on the cornea of the human eye. These functions satisfactorily predicted the scotopic and photopic luminosity functions as well as results from human color-matching experiments. The adjusted spectra of the red and green cones also agreed well with the pi-mechanism of Stiles (1953, 1959). PMID- 3154799 TI - The cellular basis for suppressive rod-cone interaction. AB - The response to spatially focal flicker is enhanced by dim, spatially diffuse, rod-stimulating backgrounds. This effect is called suppressive rod-cone interaction (SRCI) as it reflects a tonic, suppressive influence of dark-adapted rods upon cone pathways which is removed by selective rod-light adaptation. SRCI is observed in amphibian retina with intracellular recordings from most cone driven cells including the cones themselves, and is most obvious using stimuli flickering at frequencies too rapid for rods to follow. SRCI is blocked by glutamate analogs which selectively block the photic response of horizontal cells (HCs). In the presence of these agents, flicker responses from bipolar cells and cones are enhanced to levels normally seen only with selective rod-light adaptation. In the HCs themselves, SRCI is similarly blocked by lead chloride which blocks rod-, but not cone-related activity. In amphibian and cat HCs and in human observers, SRCI is limited by a space constant of very similar value (between 100 and 150 microns). We suggest that SRCI in all three species is mediated by HCs: in amphibians, SRCI must at least partially reflect rod modulation of HC feedback onto cones. PMID- 3154800 TI - Neuropharmacological analysis of the role of indoleamine-accumulating amacrine cells in the rabbit retina. AB - In order to elucidate the role of putative indoleaminergic amacrine cells in visual processing, we have employed pharmacological agents specific for the two classes of serotonin receptor, 5-HT2 and 5-HT1, which have been identified in both the retina and brain. Perfusion of the rabbit retina with 5-HT2 selective antagonists decreases the ON-excitation of all classes of ganglion cell as well as the spontaneous activity of these cells. The effect on OFF-responses depends on the cell type: OFF-excitation of center-surround brisk and sluggish cells is increased or not affected by these drugs, but OFF excitation of ON/OFF direction selective cells is reduced. No disruption of the trigger features of direction selective or orientation selective cells was discovered, suggesting that indoleaminergic amacrine cells do not play a role in the generation of the complex properties of these cells. 5-HT1 receptors are heterogeneous and classified as a, b, or c subtypes. Since no selective antagonists are available for these sites, we have employed specific agonists. The most specific of these are for the 5-HT1A receptor. Perfusion with these agonists had physiological effects similar to those with perfusion of 5-HT2 antagonists. Thus, we have suggested that these two classes of serotonin receptors mediate opponent processes in the neural pathway. Since indoleaminergic cells make reciprocal synaptic connections with rod bipolar cell terminals, which are depolarizing in the rabbit retina, we hypothesize that 5-HT2 receptors facilitate the synaptic transmission from the depolarizing rod bipolar cell thus facilitating ON excitation in the retinal network while 5-HT1A receptors mediate an inhibitory process. Similar self-opponent processing appears to take place in the hypothalamic and hippocampal serotonergic systems as well as in the dopaminergic retinal system. Thus, it is likely that this organization is a general feature of monoamine signal transmission in the central nervous system. PMID- 3154802 TI - Contributions to the electroretinogram of currents originating in proximal retina. AB - We have investigated responses in proximal retina of the cat that contribute to two kinds of electroretinogram (ERG) recordings: (1) the pattern ERG, a light adapted response and (2) the threshold and near threshold ERG, a dark-adapted response (Sieving et al., 1986a, 1986b; Sieving & Steinberg, 1985). In intraretinal, extracellular recordings, two negative-going responses were identified that are maximal around the inner plexiform layer, and distinct from PII, which is maximal in distal retina: under light-adapted conditions, a spatially tuned response at light and light offset, the "M-wave" (previously described in cold-blooded animals by Karwoski & Proenza (1977, 1980)), and under dark-adapted conditions, the scotopic threshold response, or "STR," a response at light onset. The results under dark-adapted conditions are examined in more detail here. The STR is a very sensitive response whose threshold is 1.5-2.0 log units below that of the dc-component of PII and therefore well below the threshold of the a-, b-, and c-waves. It saturates about 2.4 log units below rod saturation. The STR contributes a negative-going potential to the dark-adapted ERG that is dominant near threshold; while PII (dc-component and b-wave) contributes a positive-going potential that is dominant at higher intensities (Sieving et al., 1986b). Investigation of the mechanism of the proximal retinal responses that contribute to the ERG supports of K(+)-Muller cell hypothesis of their origin. PMID- 3154803 TI - Light adaptation in the turtle retina: embedding a parametric family of linear models in a single nonlinear model. AB - A method for constructing nonlinear models for light adaptation in the retina is introduced. The components of the models are linear filters and static (instantaneous) nonlinear elements configured in a feedback arrangement. The signals in the models are combined through algebraic addition or multiplication. We apply the method to model light adaptation measured in turtle horizontal cells. Given a particular wiring diagram for the components, the functional forms of the static nonlinearities and frequency responses of the linear filters are determined by constraining the model to give temporal frequency responses (linear regime behavior) consistent with a family of linear feedback models which has been shown to provide a good description of adaptation in these cells. Two particular models, quite different in structure, are presented. Each model responds to perturbations around a mean light level as a feedback circuit in which the gain (strength) of feedback is adjusted to be proportional to the mean light level, but neither model has a separate pathway for measuring the mean light level. Thus, each of these nonlinear models embeds an entire family of linear models parametric in mean light level. Harmonic distortion in the responses of these models to sinusoidal input is found to be qualitatively consistent with physiological data. An alternative class of nonlinear models in which feedback gain is set by a separate slow pathway which tracks the mean light level is ruled out on the basis of its incorrect steady-state input-output behavior. The methods presented can be used to develop specific physical models for light adaptation based on the chemical kinetics of phototransduction or on nonlinear neural feedback. The relevance of the nonlinear models and construction techniques to modeling phototransduction is discussed. PMID- 3154801 TI - White-noise analysis in visual neuroscience. AB - In 1827, plant biologist Robert Brown discovered what is known as Brownian motion, a class of chaos. Formal derivative of Brownian motion is Gaussian white noise. In 1938, Norbert Wiener proposed to use the Gaussian white-noise as an input probe to identify a system by a series of orthogonal functionals known as the Wiener G-functionals. White-noise analysis is uniquely suited for studying the response dynamics of retinal neurons because (1) white-noise light stimulus is a modulation around a mean luminance, as are the natural photic inputs, and it is a highly efficient input; and (2) the analysis defines the response dynamics and can be extended to spike trains, the final output of the retina. Demonstrated here are typical examples and results from applications of white-noise analysis to a visual system. PMID- 3154804 TI - Cholinoceptive neurons in the retina of the chick: an immunohistochemical study of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. AB - Monoclonal antibodies directed against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) were used to identify and characterize cholinoceptive neurons in the chick retina. Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), mAb 210 and mAb 270, stained many neurons in both the inner nuclear layer (INL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL). A class of large labeled cells in the inner INL were positioned at the INL/IPL (inner plexiform layer) border and resembled displaced ganglion cells (DGCs). Their identity was confirmed with injections of rhodamine-labeled microspheres into the ventral tectum and nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR). Four days after the injection, large nAChR-positive neurons in the inner INL were labeled with beads. The distribution of these cells matched that reported for DGCs in the chicken and pigeon (Reiner et al., 1979; Fite et al., 1981). Many smaller cells in the INL also exhibited nAChR immunoreactivity. These cells were not retrogradely labeled after bead injections into retinal recipient areas. Their processes entered IPL where they arborized in a band comprised of the inner leaflet of lamina 1 and all of lamina 2. In some instances, a process continued inward to lamina 4. These neurons were tentatively identified as amacrine cells because of their position and branching pattern. Approximately 12-18% of the cells in the GCL exhibited nAChR immunoreactivity. Many of these cells could be classified as ganglion cells as their axons were also labeled following exposure to nAChR antibodies. Their distribution mirrored that of all ganglion cells with a higher density of cells in the central retina than in the periphery (Ehrlich, 1981). A "double label" technique was used to compare the distribution of nAChR positive neurons with that of the choline acetyltransferase-positive (ChAT), cholinergic neurons in the chick retina. The two antigens were visualized with two different fluorophores: FITC and RITC. We were unable to find any cells in either the INL or GCL that exhibited both ChAT- and nAChR-like immunoreactivity. The nAChR-positive cells and the ChAT-positive cells both arborized in two bands within the IPL. The patterns were in perfect register in the inner IPL (lamina 4). But, in the outer IPL, the nAChR-positive dendrites were observed in the inner leaflet of lamina 1 and in all of lamina 2 while the ChAT-positive dendrites did not extend into the innermost portion of lamina 2. PMID- 3154805 TI - Distribution of cholinergic amacrine cells in the retinas of normally pigmented and hypopigmented strains of rat and cat. AB - We have examined the soma size, number, and distribution of cholinergic amacrine cells in the retinas of albino and pigmented rats and of Siamese and common cats, using an antibody against choline acetyl transferase (ChAT). In the pigmented strains of rat and cat, ChAT-immunoreactive (ChAT-IR) somata were located in both the inner part of the inner nuclear layer (INL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL), and their processes spread in distinct strata of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). The diameters of the somata in the INL and GCL did not differ significantly at any retinal location. Furthermore, soma diameter did not vary with eccentricity, except at the area centralis of the common cat, where ChAT-IR somata in both layers were relatively smaller. In both species, ChAT-IR somata in the GCL outnumbered those in the INL at all retinal locations. Both populations of cells tended to concentrate at the area of peak ganglion cell density and along the visual streak. Additionally, areas of relatively high density extended superiorly from the area of peak density. The same features of morphology and distribution were identifiable in the hypopigmented strains of rat and cat, but the numbers of ChAT-IR cells were consistently higher. PMID- 3154806 TI - Evidence for local circuits within the receptive fields of retinal ganglion cells in goldfish. AB - A new form of receptive field map, the response-component map, was developed to identify points within a receptive field that produce similar response patterns. The fields were probed with discretely flashed small spots of light. The magnitudes of the responses to stimulus onset and to stimulus offset elicited at each point were represented on the map by a vector radiating from the position representing the location of that point. Thus, response-component maps preserve the spatial distributions of responsivity and temporal nonlinearities. Points with similar response patterns were identified from a scatterplot in which the response at each spatial position was located in a plane representing the angles of the response-component vectors. Points with similar response characteristics that were also spatially contiguous were considered as a distinct response subregion within the receptive field. Barely 10% of the receptive fields of goldfish ganglion cells mapped with this technique proved as simple as the traditional concentric field described for retinal cells. In at least 17% of the cases, the field showed three concentric rings, with a very small "inner center" within the center of the field. In at least 50% of the cases, response subregions of different type lay side by side, rather than in a concentric configuration. Some subregions could be differentiated by the relative strengths of the responses to onset and offset of the stimulus spot, supporting the hypothesis that a push-pull system generates ganglion cell responses. Subregions were evident in successive mappings of the same cell, demonstrating they are not due to the vagaries of individual responses. They probably represent the spatial domains (or their intersections) of individual interneurons distal to the retinal ganglion cells. It is possible that position within the receptive field may be coded by the temporal pattern of the responses. PMID- 3154807 TI - Effects of serial lesions of telencephalic components of the visual system in pigeons. AB - A serial-lesion technique was used to investigate interactions in visual processing between telencephalic components of the pigeon visual system. Pigeons were trained to discriminate pairs of stimuli that differed in color, intensity or pattern. After mastering the discrimination tasks, they were assigned to one of three groups. The first group (WI-EII) received lesions of the visual Wulst and were retested. After the discrimination tasks were again mastered, a second set of lesions was made, this time in the ectostriatum. The birds were tested once again after the second surgery. The second group (EI-WII), underwent the same sequence of events except that the order of the lesions was reversed. In the third group (E + W), lesions of both the visual Wulst and ectostriatum were made in a single operation, followed by retesting. The performance after the first lesion of the subjects in each of the two-stage lesion groups was typical of performance after such lesions; i.e. the birds with visual-Wulst lesions showed little or no impairment on any of the tasks, whereas the pigeons with ectostriatum lesions showed considerable deficits in intensity and pattern discrimination, which diminished after prolonged retraining. In contrast, the pigeons in the one-stage group (E + W) showed profound deficits that appeared to be permanent. The performance after the second operation of the WI-EII group was the same as that of pigeons with lesions of ectostriatum alone; i.e. destruction of ectostriatum first or second resulted in the same duration of impairment. The performance of the EI-WII group after its visual Wulst lesion, however, was similar to that observed in the E + W group. The results are interpreted as a reflection of parallel processing within the avian visual system; i.e. the presence of an intact tectofugal pathway may mask the effects of thalamofugal pathway interruption. PMID- 3154808 TI - Ocular dominance and disparity coding in cat visual cortex. AB - The orientation selectivity, ocular dominance, and binocular disparity tuning of 272 cells in areas 17 and 18 of barbiturate-anesthetized, paralyzed cats were studied with automated, quantitative techniques. Disparity was varied along the axis orthogonal to each cell's best orientation. Binocular correspondence was established by means of a reference electrode positioned at the boundary of lamina A and A1 in the area centralis representation of the lateral geniculate nucleus. Measures were derived that expressed each cell's disparity sensitivity and best disparity and the shape and slope of its tuning curve. Cells were found that corresponded to categories described by previous authors ("disparity insensitive," "tuned excitatory," "near," and "far" cells), but many others had intermediate response patterns, or patterns that were difficult to categorize. Quantitative analysis suggested that the various types belong to a continuum. No relationship could be established between a cell's best orientation and its ocular dominance or any aspect of its disparity tuning. There was no relationship between a cell's ocular dominance and its sensitivity to disparity. Ocular dominance and best disparity were related. As reported by others, cells with best disparities close to zero (the fixation plane) tended to have balanced ocularity, while cells with best disparities in the near or far range had a broad distribution of ocular dominance. Among cells with receptive fields near the vertical meridian, those preferring far disparities tended to be dominated by the contralateral eye, and those preferring near disparities by the ipsilateral eye. It is suggested that this relationship follows from the geometry of near and far images and the pattern of decussation in the visual pathway. There was a significant grouping of cells with similar best disparities along tangential electrode tracks. We believe that this grouping is due to the columnar organization for ocular dominance and the relationship between ocular dominance and best disparity. No evidence was found for a columnar segregation of disparity sensitive and disparity-insensitive cells. PMID- 3154809 TI - Simple cells in the visual cortex of the cat can be narrowly tuned for spatial frequency. PMID- 3154811 TI - Multiple myeloma in Korea--clinical analysis and treatment results in 61 cases. PMID- 3154810 TI - Ferritin assay in malignant pleural effusion. PMID- 3154812 TI - Nephrotic syndrome associated with renal vein thrombosis--a report of 3 cases. PMID- 3154814 TI - Clinical experience in 200 renal transplants at Catholic Medical Center. PMID- 3154813 TI - Insulin binding and its action in adipocytes of hyperthyroid and hypothyroid rats. PMID- 3154815 TI - Glucose, insulin and C-peptide kinetics during an oral glucose tolerance test in patients with chronic liver disease. PMID- 3154816 TI - The prevalence of diabetic complications in Korea. PMID- 3154818 TI - Preserved left ventricular systolic function in clinical congestive heart failure. PMID- 3154817 TI - Advanced gastric carcinoma chemotherapy with cisplatin, mitomycin C, BCNU, and 5 fluorouracil in combination. PMID- 3154819 TI - Diverticular disease of the colon in Korea. PMID- 3154820 TI - Morphological change in pancreatic islets, insulin binding and intracellular glucose metabolism in adipocytes of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PMID- 3154821 TI - Analysis of cases of nonvisualized gallbladder by ultrasonography. PMID- 3154822 TI - Successful treatment of typhoid fever with a single dose of ceftriaxone for one or two days. PMID- 3154823 TI - The incidence of gastric metaplasia in patients with duodenal ulcer. PMID- 3154824 TI - Problems in endoscopic sphincteropapillotomy. PMID- 3154825 TI - HLA and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Koreans. PMID- 3154826 TI - Clinical and coronary angiographic findings of 400 Korean adults with coronary artery disease. PMID- 3154827 TI - Clinical features of Crohn's disease in Korea. PMID- 3154828 TI - Ia antigen mediated specific antigen presenting function of articular chondrocytes. PMID- 3154829 TI - Clonogenic assay of gastric adenocarcinoma stem cells--clonogenic assay, stomach cancer. PMID- 3154831 TI - Twenty-four hour urinary C-peptide and fasting plasma C-peptide as indicators of metabolic control in 83 insulin dependent diabetic patients. PMID- 3154832 TI - Complications in transbronchial lung biopsy. PMID- 3154830 TI - A study on plasma prostaglandin E2 levels in hepatitis B carriers and patients with chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 3154834 TI - Immunological studies in patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis- spontaneous lymphocyte transformation and natural killer cell activity. PMID- 3154833 TI - Clonidine induced variations of plasma norepinephrine and blood pressure in essential hypertension. PMID- 3154835 TI - A clinical and chromosomal study on those exposed to the atomic bomb and their offspring. PMID- 3154837 TI - Isoextraction studies of partition of UCB between chloroform and aqueous solution. PMID- 3154838 TI - Hepatitis B viral markers in pregnant women and newborn infants in Korea. PMID- 3154836 TI - Subepidermal capillary basement membrane thickness of the skin obtained by punch biopsy in patients with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3154840 TI - Acute myocardial infarction in a patient with Buerger's disease. A case report and a review of the literature. PMID- 3154841 TI - Successful removal of a large stone from the common bile duct by endoscopic papillotomy and lithotripsy. PMID- 3154842 TI - Endoscopic extraction of a perforating wire from the stomach. PMID- 3154839 TI - Primary choriocarcinoma of the lung. PMID- 3154843 TI - [Behavior management]. PMID- 3154846 TI - [Fear of the dentist]. PMID- 3154847 TI - [Treatment of emergencies in endodontics]. PMID- 3154848 TI - [Dental caries]. PMID- 3154845 TI - [Interdental spaces in primary dentition. A study of the primary dentition]. PMID- 3154844 TI - [Early detection of oral cancer]. PMID- 3154850 TI - [Jaw fractures]. PMID- 3154849 TI - [Inflammation]. PMID- 3154852 TI - [Osvaldo Cori Moully]. PMID- 3154851 TI - [Pregnancy]. PMID- 3154853 TI - An approach to the three-dimensional structure of bovine growth hormone based on chemical modification and secondary structure prediction. AB - Three different methods have been applied to the prediction of secondary structure. The prediction that better fitted the chemical data was chosen. Two regions of the bovine growth hormone molecule (111-117 and 166-174) appear to be exposed to the solvent, according to hydropathic analysis but have several charged residues not reactive towards their specific reagents. Two molecular domains are postulated, each one bearing a region with charged residues on its surface and interacting with the other in the molecule by means of saline bridges. The hydrophobic core of the molecule is formed by the ensemble of the hydrophobic region predicted between residues 81 and 108, and the hydrophobic faces of the amphiphilic helices 109-127 and 9-33. PMID- 3154854 TI - Role of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases in the activation of chemical carcinogens. PMID- 3154855 TI - Temperature acclimatization of the carp. Cellular and molecular aspects of the compensatory response. PMID- 3154856 TI - [Cathepsin D from human prostate]. PMID- 3154857 TI - Steroidogenesis and ionic permeability in adrenal glomerulosa cells. AB - Over the past several years it has become possible to study some of the electrical properties of excitable and endocrine cells by measuring fluxes of radioactive tracer ions; 86Rb fluxes has been widely used to study potassium permeability. We have validated this approach in adrenal glomerulosa cells, in which we demonstrated the presence of a Ca-dependent K channel that is activated by angiotensin II, ATP, the ionophore A23187 and external K. Here, we present evidence that the steroidogenic response of the bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells is related, in the case of angiotensin II, to the inhibitory effect to the hormone on the coefficient rate of 86Rb efflux that occurs after the initial transient increase. This inhibition of the potassium permeability is probable responsible of the depolarization of the cells. Apamin, that blocks the initial transient raise on 86Rb efflux mediated by angiotensin II, has a minor stimulatory action on the hormone induce steroidogenesis; whereas the opposite is true for the steroidogenic action of potassium ions in the presence of apamin. The second groups of experiments examined the effect of angiotensin II on 86Rb fluxes when the Ca in the medium was increased from 0.6 to 1.25 mM in the case of bovine glomerulosa cells or angiotensin was assayed in rat glomerulosa tissue perifused with 0.6 mM Ca; in both conditions only the inhibitory effect in 86Rb efflux was observed. When the effect of external ATP on steroidogenesis was examined a significant increase on aldosterone secretion occurred probable by a similar mechanism. These results are indicative that Ca-mediated K efflux in adrenal glomerulosa cells may provide a modulatory mechanism for agonist action. PMID- 3154858 TI - [Hematopoietic microenvironment: cellular and extracellular matrix elements]. AB - In bone marrow, cellular stroma together with extracellular matrix (EM) provide an adequate microenvironment for the proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitor cells. In this article we describe studies on the cell characteristics of a main stromal phenotype, a fibroblast-like cell and its ability to produce in vitro EM components. Comparative studies were performed in fibroblast cultures derived from normal and acute lymphoblastic leukemic (ALL) bone marrow. The grow characteristics of fibroblasts from ALL marrow as well as its capacity to synthetize collagen, fibronectin and GAGs are impaired when compared to fibroblast from normal marrow. Thus, in ALL the impaired production of EM biomolecules by a transient damaged population of stromal cells, may contribute to the development of a defective microenvironment for hemopoiesis. PMID- 3154859 TI - Identification of insulin binding sites in isolated cells from rat submaxillary gland. AB - Isolated cells from rat submaxillary gland bound 125I-labelled insulin in a time dependent process that reached a maximum at 30-40 min at 25 degrees C. The radioactivity bound to cells could be dissociated by dilution of the binding site hormone complex with the incubation buffer. The presence of unlabelled insulin in the incubation buffer inhibited 125I-labelled insulin degradation according to the amount of hormone added. After 10 min of incubation at at 25 degrees C, radioactivity associated to cells was almost exclusively identified as intact 125I-labelled insulin. With increasing times, a greater contribution of final products of degradation in total radioactivity bound to cells was observed; nevertheless, in the presence of unlabelled insulin the radioactivity associated to low molecular weight products markedly decreased. Equilibrium binding data analysis gave rise to a non-linear Scatchard plot, whose high affinity component showed a dissociation constant of 6.6 +/- 0.4 nM. These observations are consistent with the presence of insulin binding sites in rat submaxillary gland cells which are similar in their characteristics to those identified in other tissues. PMID- 3154860 TI - Mitochondrial DNA and RNA polymerases. A review. PMID- 3154861 TI - Methylation of proteins from the translational apparatus: an overview. AB - Several of the translational apparatus proteins are methylated in all kinds of organisms. Although most of the modified proteins play key roles during protein biosynthesis, the biological function of these chemical modifications still remains elusive. Our recent data indicate a highly conserved pattern of ribosomal protein methylation in eubacteria, with methylated proteins being both structurally and functionally homologous in several microorganisms. Chloroplast ribosomes also appear to have a rather eubacterial pattern of ribosomal protein methylation. On the other hand, there is an apparently ubiquitous methylation of some of the translational factors in several organisms. These findings suggest an important, albeit unknown role for the post-synthetic methylation of the translational machinery. The analysis of the sequences of known methylation target sites and the search of similar sites in other proteins of known sequence, allows to predict those ribosomal proteins or translational factors that may be subjected to post-translational modifications with one or more methyl groups. Although a definitive answer with respect to the biological role of these N methylations is still missing, a direct correlation between the methylation of some proteins and their biological activity is just beginning to emerge. PMID- 3154862 TI - The production of foreign proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 3154863 TI - The fate of sperm specific non-histone chromosomal proteins after fertilization in sea urchins. AB - To determine the transitions of sea urchin sperm specific non-histone chromosomal proteins (Sp NHCP) following fertilization, their presence in zygotes during and after male pronuclear formation was investigated by comparing the electrophoretic patterns of NHCP obtained from gametes with those isolated from zygotes. Polyclonal antibodies directed against whole Sp NHCP were used to detect, by Western immunoblots, the Sp NHCP among the NHCP present in zygotes at different times post-insemination. The results obtained from immunological and electrophoretic studies indicate that shortly after fertilization the majority of Sp NHCP are lost. The electrophoretic patterns of NHCP obtained from unfertilized eggs were almost identical with those observed for NHCP isolated from zygotes. This similarity strongly suggests that the NHCP of unfertilized eggs are conserved after fertilization. PMID- 3154864 TI - Biochemical and genetic studies of bacteria metabolizing lignin-related compounds. AB - The ability of bacterial strains to metabolize lignin model compounds was studied. Strains examined were non-filamentous bacterial isolates obtained from decaying wood and the actinomycete Streptomyces viridosporus T7A. Model compounds included dimers containing either the beta-1 (1,2-diarylethane) or the beta-O-4 (arylglycerol-beta-aryl ether) type of linkage. Pseudomonas fluorescens biovar I A1 proliferated on anisoin (4,4'-dimethoxybenzoin) accumulating anisic acid temporarily. Cleavage at the beta-1 bond was also observed with crude extracts prepared from the same strain. In turn, cleavage of the beta-O-4 linkage of veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether was detected in cultures of Pseudomonas acidovorans D3. In this case, main degradation intermediates were beta hydroxypropioveratrone, acetoveratrone and guaiacol. S. viridosporus T7A reduced the carbonyl group of some beta-1 dimers and did not modify the beta-O-4 model compounds tested. Attempts to ascribe a catabolic character to large molecular weight extrachromosomal DNA present in some strains were unsuccessful. Gene banks of P. fluorescens biovar I A1 and P. acidovorans D3 were prepared utilizing the broad host range cosmid pLAFR1 as vector. PMID- 3154865 TI - [Synthesis and secretion of the surface antigen from hepatitis B virus in animal cell cultures]. AB - Stable mammalian cell lines synthesizing and secreting Hepatitis B surface particles have been obtained through genetic engineering techniques. These particles show by electron microscopy a size of 22 nm, they are structurally and immunochemically similar to the particles present in the plasma from chronic hepatitis B patients. Therefore these particles are an excellent source for the preparation of a vaccine against the virus. PMID- 3154866 TI - Avian liver mevalonate 5-diphosphate decarboxylase: substrate and inhibitor activities of the phosphorothioate analogues of adenosine triphosphate. AB - The diastereoisomers of ATP alpha S and of ATP beta S have been used as substrate analogues for avian liver mevalonate 5-diphosphate decarboxylase. When the diastereoisomers of ATP alpha S were used, no reversal of the stereospecificity was seen upon changing Mg2+ for Cd2+, thus suggesting that the metal ion does not coordinate through the alpha-phosphoryl group of the nucleotide. Reversal of the stereospecificity, however, was observed when using the diastereoisomers of ATP beta S and upon changing Mg2+ by Zn2+ as the activating metal ion. Similar competitive inhibition constants for the diastereoisomers of MgATP beta S against MgATP were found. It is proposed that the active metal-nucleotide complex in catalysis is the lambda, beta-gamma MgATP complex. PMID- 3154867 TI - Subcellular distribution of enzymes of mono- and sesquiterpene biosynthesis in plant tissues. AB - The biosynthesis of mono- and sesquiterpene precursors and components of essential oils, has been studied isolating enzyme systems from soluble fractions. Improved methods for preparing homogenates from plant tissues, together with a knowledge of its ultrastructure, have allowed to determine that most of the processes of biosynthesis of terpenes, are associated to membranous organelles. The results obtained by different groups are discussed, in order to give an overview of the subcellular distribution of enzymes and specialized organelles, that participate in the biosynthetic processes mentioned above. PMID- 3154868 TI - Induction of an allergic reaction to alcohol metabolites by immunization. AB - Acetaldehyde, a product of alcohol metabolism, is known to bind covalently to plasma and red cell proteins, yielding stable adducts which have recently shown are recognized as foreign by the immune system. The present study demonstrates that immunization of mice with protein-acetaldehyde adducts in aluminum hydroxide gel results in the production of reaginic antibodies that recognize the adducts and trigger an allergic-anaphylactic reaction. These findings may lead to new approaches in the treatment of excessive alcohol consumption in humans. PMID- 3154869 TI - [Biochemical mechanism of action of the flavonoid silybin: relationship with its therapeutic properties]. PMID- 3154871 TI - The primary cost of drug abuse: what Indian youth pay for drugs. PMID- 3154870 TI - [Biochemical bases of the action of anti-chagasic drugs]. PMID- 3154873 TI - Mental health and alcohol abuse indicators in the Albuquerque area of Indian Health Service: an exploratory chart review. PMID- 3154872 TI - Medical and psychological effects of the threat of compulsory relocation for an American Indian tribe. PMID- 3154874 TI - The fears of Navajo children: adaptation or pathology? PMID- 3154876 TI - A consideration of constitutional factors in aggressivity. PMID- 3154875 TI - Unresolved grief and mourning in Navajo women. PMID- 3154877 TI - Ghost illness: a cross-cultural experience with the expression of a non-western tradition in clinical practice. PMID- 3154878 TI - [Phagocytic activity of cerebrospinal fluid cells in patients with idiopathic subarachnoid hemorrhage in relation to their clinical condition]. PMID- 3154880 TI - [Exposure of galvanization plant's workers to various heavy metals and cyanides during the production process]. PMID- 3154879 TI - [Histological changes in the murine brain caused by experimental infection with amoeba of the Limax group]. PMID- 3154881 TI - [Nail and ear changes in epilepsy in a 6-year-old child]. PMID- 3154882 TI - Topochemical examinations of the lungs of the rat after combined administration of serpasil and deslanatoside. I. Histochemical examinations. PMID- 3154883 TI - Topochemical examinations of the lungs of the rat after combined administration of serpasil and deslanatoside. II. Morphological examinations. PMID- 3154884 TI - [Evaluation of the cardiotocographic fetal monitoring during pregnancy and labor based on the data of the Obstetrical Clinic in Lublin 1976-1986]. PMID- 3154885 TI - [Morphological changes and monoamine oxidase activity in the gastric mucosa of rats in chronic stress]. PMID- 3154886 TI - The CT assessment of intrasellar microadenomas. PMID- 3154887 TI - [Clinical problems of gunshot wounds]. PMID- 3154888 TI - [Tautomerism of 2-hydrazino-4-phenyl-thiazole in equilibrium 4-phenyl-thiazol-2 one hydrazone. Acyl derivatives. I. 4-phenyl- 3-R-thiazol-2-ylidene and beta methyl-beta-(4-phenyl-thiazol- 2-yl)-hydrazides of acetic and benzoic acids]. PMID- 3154889 TI - [Effect of intraventricular administration of apomorphine on the depressive action of the vagus nerve]. PMID- 3154890 TI - [Value of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of mucocele of the paranasal sinuses]. PMID- 3154891 TI - Assessment of long-lasting effect of various doses of Sinequan on microstructure of the male gonad of the white rat. PMID- 3154892 TI - [Effect of long-term administration of cadmium chloride on the behavior of experimental animals]. PMID- 3154893 TI - [Effect of long-term administration of lead acetate on the behavior of experimental animals]. PMID- 3154895 TI - [Ultrastructure and function of epithelial cells of the bulbourethral glands in compensatory hypertrophy]. PMID- 3154896 TI - [Disorders of the liver and biliary tract in women using oral contraceptives]. PMID- 3154894 TI - [Relation between body weight, lung mass and hydroxyproline level in animals exposed to soil dusts and coal ash]. PMID- 3154897 TI - [Acid base equilibrium of 4-methyl-3-R-thiazolone-(2)-hydrazone derivatives. VI. Ionization constants of [4-methyl-3-R- thiazolidene-(2)] and beta-methyl-beta-[4 methylthiazolyl- (2)-hydrazides of picolinic, nicotinic and isonicotinic acids]. PMID- 3154898 TI - The usefulness of computerized tomography (CT) in the detection of orbital tumours. PMID- 3154899 TI - Ultrastructure of embryonic germ cells of the chicken experimentally treated with estradiol benzoate. PMID- 3154900 TI - [Selected indicators of hepatitis B in the blood serum during the first few days of hospitalization of patients with acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 3154901 TI - [Titers of selected indicators of hepatitis B in the blood of patients with acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 3154902 TI - [Thin-needle biopsy guided by ultrasonics]. PMID- 3154903 TI - [Exposure to metals in dental laboratories]. AB - Dental care includes handling of different types of metal alloys usually classified as "noble" and "base" in relation to the presence or absence of either gold or other precious metals. It must be born in mind that exposure to metals in this activities is due not only to those metals present in the alloys but also to those contained in the other materials used during the processes of casting and finishing. The most important metals are the following: Al, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Au, In, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pd, Pt, Si, Ag, Sn, Ti, W, Zn. In this paper we investigated the environmental exposure to metals in dental laboratories studying the environmental air concentration of metals in casting and finishing processes estimating the "quality" of the elements present by Particle Induces X-ray Emission (PIXE) and the "quantity" of the elements by electro thermic atomic absorption spectrophotometry (ET-AAS) and the concentration of the main metals in the blood and in the urine of exposed technicians by ET-AAS. These analyses permitted to detect all the metals present in the work environment and to quantify their concentration, which always resulted to be low (except some metals during short time operations). The biological monitoring revealed the existence of moderate absorption of these metals in the exposed workers but it is not possible for us to affirm if this phenomenon represents a real risk for the health of the technicians. Hence further epidemiological and health surveillance investigations are needed to verify morbidity and mortality of the subjects employed in this activity. PMID- 3154904 TI - Lung function in the workers of a cromate producing industry. AB - Lung function and radiographic study was realized on 184 workers in a chromate producing industry (113 chronically exposed, 41 intermittently exposed and 30 unexposed). Prevalences were 22 (11.9%) cases of obstructive ventilatory pattern, 22 (11.9%) restrictive and 18 (9.7%) mixed. In the different ventilatory disfunction patterns, multivariant analysis in the three exposure groups, controlled by the tobacco variable, was statistically significant between exposure and restrictive ventilatory pattern (p = 0.0065). None of the workers presented radiologic alterations according to the ILO, 1980. PMID- 3154905 TI - [Assessment of risk in occupational tasks with exposure to environmental noise of variable duration and intensity]. AB - The discontinuous exposure to environmental working noise often brings about risk situations hardly assessable by means of phonometric measurements and studying the exposure time, even if accurate. The use of the personal dosimetry can simplify the measurements and give a time-weighted value (Leq) comparable to a fixed limit value. Such a measurement is effective only for the considered time (usually a work shift); nevertheless it is assumed to be representative of the usual exposure to the job even though the variability of the working conditions constitute a limiting factor. In this work we tried to verify the possible use of the measurements of environmental sound pressure levels given by the dosimeter every 0.25 sec. The first aim being the study of the type of distribution of these values (during 5 consecutive shifts) and the estimate of mean and standard deviation values. The mean and the standard deviation values were used to get a OTL (one sided tolerance limits) usually employed for assessing the working chemical pollution. The second aim being the compliance control and the possible need of more measurements. PMID- 3154906 TI - [A survey on the use of pesticides in the province of Treviso]. AB - The results of a study on a sample of 301 farms of the province of Treviso are here presented. The aim of our study was the evaluation of the quantity of pesticides, considered as active principle, spread over this territory in 1987. Our data stress that arboreal cultivations need the major quantity of fungicides, insecticides and acaricides while the use of herbicides and soil insecticides is almost exclusive to grassy cultures. The fungicides result the most widely used pesticides followed by herbicides and, to a less degree, the other products. In our case they are used nearly exclusively in vine growing. We underline that, although the consumption of pesticides fell within correct agronomic standards, this quantity could be considerably reduced by modern technology. PMID- 3154907 TI - [Styrene-induced occupational asthma and rhinitis]. AB - Styrene is an aromatic compound widely used in the production of plastic polymers and rubbers. Studies of the effect of styrene on the respiratory tract are scarce. We describe three cases of occupational asthma and one case of occupational rhinitis due to styrene, which have been recently observed in our center. There is evidence that styrene can be a primary cause of occupational asthma and rhinitis. The mechanisms of action are unknown. Our findings suggest the need for preventive strategies for styrene exposed workers. PMID- 3154908 TI - [Assessment of exposure to perchloroethylene in dry-cleaning shops]. AB - The occupational work-risk by PCE was evaluated in a group of 143 workers in 47 laundries, where perchloroethylene (PCE) was the only solvent used. Airborne measurements of PCE showed mean concentration values below the TLV-TWA, and a number of instant concentration values superior to TLV-STEL. Trichloracetic acid (TCA) values in the urine of exposed workers was superior to the limit established by our institute (29% of workers). PMID- 3154910 TI - Treatment of hypertension in the elderly. PMID- 3154911 TI - Atherosclerosis and fish oil. PMID- 3154909 TI - Calcium and blood pressure. PMID- 3154912 TI - Isometric exercise for the evaluation of vasodilatory therapy in severe congestive heart failure. AB - There are few data available about the hemodynamic effects of isometric handgrip in severe congestive heart failure and its role in the evaluation of vasodilatory therapy. Therefore, we studied 20 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy at rest, during isometric handgrip, and during supine bicycle exercise before and after a single 25-mg dose of captopril. During handgrip, heart rate (p less than 0.001); systemic vascular resistance (p less than 0.01); systolic, mean, and diastolic pulmonary artery pressure (p less than 0.01) increased significantly; stroke volume index fell (p less than 0.05); whereas mean arterial pressure showed only a small increase, and cardiac index did not change. In contrast, mean arterial pressure and cardiac index increased during dynamic exercise (p less than 0.001), and peripheral resistance decreased (p less than 001). During both handgrip and bicycle exercise, captopril induced a decrease of arterial pressure (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001; respectively), peripheral resistance (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01; respectively), and systolic (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001, respectively) mean (p less than 0.001), and diastolic pulmonary artery pressure (p less than 0.001). Captopril induced and increase in stroke volume index (p less than 0.01) and cardiac index (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01 respectively) during both types of exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154913 TI - Allopurinol and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias: increased protection by simultaneous administration of anti-oxidant enzymes. AB - We have assessed whether the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol, can afford maximal protection against the formation of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias or whether the addition of free radical scavengers and anti-oxidants can increase this protection. Using an anesthetized rat preparation with transient coronary artery occlusion, we have compared the ability of allopurinol pretreatment alone to that of a combination therapy of allopurinol, superoxide dismutase, and catalase to reduce the incidence of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. While both regimes reduced the incidence of reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation (from 87% to 40%, p less than 0.05 by allopurinol alone; and to 13%, p less than 0.01 by combination therapy), and both treatments eliminated mortality, only combination therapy reduced the incidence of reperfusion-induced ventricular tachycardia (from 87% to 40%, p less than 0.05). Furthermore, using an arrhythmia score analysis, combination therapy was shown to offer significantly greater protection than allopurinol alone. This additional protection afforded by combination therapy was also demonstrated by significant decreases in log10 duration of fibrillation and log10 number of premature ventricular complexes compared with allopurinol alone. Both allopurinol and combination therapy also significantly delayed the ischemia-induced increases in ST segment elevation, although there was no difference between the two drug-treated groups. We conclude from these results that allopurinol does not offer maximal protection against reperfusion-induced arrhythmias and that the addition of more general anti oxidant therapy can increase this protection. PMID- 3154914 TI - Acute hemodynamic effects of MDL19205 on conscious dogs with mitral regurgitation. AB - To assess the effects of MDL19205, a combined inotropic-vasodilating agent, or an inodilator, on the left ventricle with subacute volume overload due to mitral regurgitation (MR), seven dogs were instrumented with a left ventricular (LV) micromanometer and a pair of ultrasonic crystals for the measurement of LV circumferential segment length. After examining the effects of this drug in the normal hearts, its effects were observed in the same dogs in which MR was produced by sectioning chordae tendineae. Mitral regurgitation caused increases in LV peak dP/dt (2,384 +/- 256 to 3,090 +/- 622 mmHg/sec; p less than 0.05), mean circumferential shortening velocity (Vcf; 1.41 +/- 0.25 to 1.85 +/- 0.20 sec 1; p less than 0.05), LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP; 8.2 +/- 1.6 to 15.8 +/- 3.7 mmHg; p less than 0.001), and LV end-diastolic length (LVEDL; 10 to 10.6 +/- 0.2mm; p less than 0.01). The dogs were intravenously administered MDL19205 7 to 14 days after they had completely recovered from the first and second operations. With 3 mg/kg of MDL19205, peak changes of hemodynamic indices occurred within 5 minutes in the hearts with MR LV dP/dt and mean Vcf significantly rose (from 3,090 +/- 622 to 5,356 +/- 811 mmHg/sec; p less than 0.001, 1.85 +/- 0.20 to 2.65 +/- 0.36 sec-1, p less than 0.001). LVEDP and LVEDL were returned to the control values obtained in the normal hearts (15.8 +/- 3.7 to 6.4 +/- 2.4 mmHg; p less than 0.001, 10.6 +/- 0.2 to 10 +/- 0.4; p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154915 TI - Limitation of myocardial necrosis with verapamil during sustained coronary occlusion in the closed-chest dog. AB - Studies were undertaken to determine whether cardioprotection afforded by verapamil could be sustained in the dog heart during permanent coronary artery occlusion. In 48 dogs a coronary artery was occluded for 24 or 48 hours using a closed-chest embolization procedure. Dogs were assigned to either untreated control or to verapamil-treated (200 micrograms/kh, intravenous bolus within 5 minutes after coronary occlusion and then 5 micrograms/kg/min as a continuous intravenous infusion for 24 or 48 hours) groups. After 24 or 48 hours of permanent coronary occlusion, tissue necrosis was evaluated using tetrazolium staining and was related to the major baseline predictors of infarct size including anatomic risk zone (radiolabeled microsphere autoradiography) and coronary collateral flow. The correlation between infarct size and subepicardial coronary collateral flow was calculated in untreated control dogs (r = -0.91 and 0.80 for 24 and 48 hour controls, respectively); analysis of covariance indicated that verapamil treatment shifted this relation downward in both the 24- and 48 hour drug treatment groups. The equation of this regression was used to calculate the size of the infarct that would have occurred in treated dogs if drug treatment had not been initiated. The ratio of observed and calculated infarct size provides a "salvage index." In conclusion, verapamil was able to limit the extent of tissue necrosis and this cardioprotection appears to be sustained during 48 hours of permanent coronary occlusion. PMID- 3154916 TI - Comparison of functional responses of canine coronary artery and saphenous vein. AB - Functional responses of canine circumflex coronary arteries and saphenous veins before and after grafting surgery were assessed following physiologic and pharmacologic interventions. Developed tension of ringed segments of vessels was recorded isometrically. Dose-dependent responses to norepinephrine revealed significantly greater responses of saphenous veins than coronary arteries (maximal responses were 2.79 +/- 0.45 and 0.44 +/- 0.34 g, respectively; p less than 0.001). Sensitivity to norepinephrine [as evaluated by 50% effective dose (ED50) value] was 3.3 times greater in the saphenous veins (p less than 0.001). STA2, a synthetic thromboxane A2 analog (see Methods), produced similar contractions of both vessels [maximal responses were 2.13 +/- 0.37 g in saphenous vein and 1.64 +/- 0.85 g in coronary artery; p less than not significant (NS)], while sensitivity to STA2 of saphenous veins was 3.1 times greater than that of coronary arteries (p less than 0.001). In contrast to the foregoing responses, coronary arteries demonstrated significantly greater responses to potassium than saphenous veins (maximal responses were 2.16 +/- 0.71 g and 1.40 +/- 0.56 g, respectively; p less than 0.001). Moreover, coronary arteries revealed 1.6 times greater sensitivity than saphenous veins (p less than 0.001). When saphenous veins were transplanted into the femoral artery, the segments of the grafts (2 weeks or 3 months after surgery) revealed 4.0 and 1.7 times greater sensitivity (denervation supersensitivity) to norepinephrine and potassium than those of the control veins (p less than 0.01, respectively). Contractile tension response, however, decreased by at least 50% 3 months after surgery, most probably due to a thickened vessel wall and a reduced compliance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154918 TI - Labetalol in normotensive patients with angina pectoris. AB - Labetalol, an alpha-beta-blocker, has been shown to have vasodilating as well as beta-blocking properties. From the theoretical point of view such a drug is likely to be beneficial in the treatment of angina pectoris. There are very few studies investigating the effects of labetalol in normotensive patients with angina pectoris. The three major controlled trials that have been published show that labetalol reduces angina frequency and prolongs exercise duration. In one study the effects of labetalol in anginal subjects using ambulatory monitoring was performed and showed a reduction in silent ischemia as well as a reduction in angina pectoris. Thus labetalol would appear to be an effective antianginal agent. Further studies are necessary to determine if the anti-anginal effect is entirely due to the beta-receptor-blocking activity of the drug or whether labetalol's vasodilating property has important additional benefit. PMID- 3154917 TI - Unstable angina: current concepts of medical management. AB - Unstable angina describes a clinical syndrome bridging the gap between stable angina and acute myocardial infarction. By definition, patients with angina of new onset, of a crescendo pattern, and with angina at rest are included in this high-risk group. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms are complex and include initial atherosclerotic plaque rupture, release of vasoactive substances, and intracoronary thrombus formation. The currently established medical approach of the acute phase consists of heparin for anticoagulation and nitrates combined with beta-blockers for the relief of pain. Calcium antagonists are indicated, if anginal symptoms persist. The effect of thrombolytic therapy is still under investigation. Angina refractory to medical treatment and angina at rest are associated with a particularly unfavorable prognosis and prompt early catheterization. The long-term prognosis of the patient is markedly improved by chronic platelet inhibitory treatment with aspirin. PMID- 3154920 TI - Phagocytosis and transcytosis by the follicle-associated epithelium of the ileal Peyer's patch in calves. AB - Latex beads, 250 and 610 nm in diameter, and parapox virus isolated from ecthyma in sheep, were injected into intestinal loops containing either jejunal or ileal Peyer's patches (PP) of 3-4 week old calves. Uptake of latex and parapox virus was restricted to the ileal PP, 30-60 min after injection. The latex beads seemed to be embraced by thin surface protrusions extending from the concentric folds of the follicle-associated epithelial cells (FAE) of the ileal PP. Both latex and virus were internalized into cytoplasmic vacuoles. Some of the vacuoles containing virus showed reaction for acid phosphatase. The latex beads and virus were shed to the intercellular spaces of the FAE. The exocytosis appeared to occur through specialized indentations of the lateral plasma membrane where the production of 50 nm membrane-bounded particles by budding off from the lateral plasma membrane was a prominent phenomenon. PMID- 3154919 TI - Role of vasodilation in the antihypertensive and antianginal effects of labetalol: implications for therapy of combined hypertension and angina. AB - Beta-adrenergic blockade is established therapy in the management of both hypertension and angina pectoris. This review evaluates the use of combined alpha adrenergic and beta-adrenergic blockade for these conditions, with reference to labetalol. There are three major differences between labetalol and propranolol or similar conventional beta-blockers. First, in the mechanism of the antihypertensive effect, peripheral vasodilation plays a prominent role during the use of labetalol. In particular, acute therapy with labetalol rapidly reduces the blood pressure because of this reduction in the systemic vascular resistance. During prolonged therapy with labetalol over many years, blood pressure remains reduced with a sustained fall in the systemic vascular resistance. Second, in patients with combined hypertension and angina pectoris, fixed doses of labetalol (200 mg twice daily) gave the same blood pressure values, effort tolerance, and nitrate usage as did atenolol 100 mg once daily in a double-blind, double-dummy, crossover study. Labetalol gave higher heart rates at rest and during exercise (both p less than 0.01). The higher heart rate with labetalol could be an advantage in some patients with effort angina and a disadvantage in others. Third, in hypertensive asthmatics, labetalol appears to have a relative bronchosparing effect, when compared with propranolol. The possession by labetalol of beta2-stimulating qualities (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity) may explain part of the dilating effect and the bronchosparing quality. Thus labetalol 1) lowers blood pressure by a mechanism involving vasodilation, 2) has an equiantianginal effect to atenolol yet a higher heart rate, and 3) may be bronchosparing. Differences among various beta-blockers may be important in matching the properties of the beta-blocker chosen to the requirements of the individual patient. PMID- 3154921 TI - A portion of the Pf155/RESA antigen of Plasmodium falciparum is accessible on the surface of infected erythrocytes. AB - An investigation of antigens accessible to lactoperoxidase-catalysed cell surface iodination on intact Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (RBC) has identified a 125I-labelled antigen with an apparent size of about 155 kD. This labelled protein was specifically immunoprecipitated by the following antibodies: a rabbit antiserum and a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against a synthetic peptide comprising the 3',8-mer repeat EENVEHDA of the Pf155/RESA protein; a rabbit antiserum raised against a synthetic octapeptide comprising two copies of the 3',4-mer repeat EENV of the Pf155/RESA protein; and rabbit antisera against another synthetic peptide C(MYSNNNVED)2. The last antibody shows a strong reaction in asexual blood stage parasites with the Pf155/RESA antigen. While this antigen has been described previously as a submembrane component of the outer membrane of infected RBC, this report shows that at least part of its is accessible to the surface of both ring and late trophozoite-infected erythrocytes. PMID- 3154922 TI - A monokine which binds to class II histocompatibility proteins. AB - There is a marked decrease in the viability, in vitro, of dense, immature rat thymocytes over a 4 h incubation period. The addition of a monokine of relative molecular weight 36,000 derived from cultured rat peritoneal macrophages which had been previously stimulated with lipopolysaccharide prevented these cells from dying. The early release of this factor, together with preliminary results of its physical and functional properties suggest that it is distinct from the well characterized monokines. The macrophage factor was found to bind in competition with a monoclonal antibody directed against a common determinant on the Ia antigen complex, but also to bind non-competitively with a monoclonal antibody to a strain-specific epitope on Ia. Based on the results of experiments using a fractionated thymic cell model, it would appear that this monokine binds to the Ia protein complex on the cell surface of thymic epithelial cells, causing them in turn to release an activity which is responsible for the survival of thymocytes. PMID- 3154923 TI - Augmentation of mitogen-induced thymocyte proliferation by bacterial products is mediated by an Mr 36,000 monokine. AB - The addition of picogram quantities of bacterial products to rat thymic cells in culture produced a doubling of the proliferative response to suboptimal levels of Concanavalin-A (Con-A). This effect was prevented by the depletion of adherent cells which comprised less than 0.1% of the total population. The response was restored by the addition of supernatants from peritoneal macrophages which had been stimulated 2 h previously with lipopolysaccharide. Treatment of these supernatants with phenylglyoxal, an inhibitor of interleukin-1 (IL-1), did not prevent the stimulatory effect. Augmentation of the thymocyte proliferative response could also be achieved by the addition of a partially purified monokine of relative molecular weight (Mr) 36,000 which is biochemically and functionally distinct from IL-1 and by a monoclonal antibody which binds to a common determinant on the Ia molecule. Fractionation of the thymic cells on a density gradient yielded a buoyant population which accounted for the majority of the proliferative activity and a dense fraction which was poorly responsive to the mitogen. The addition of the monokine to this latter fraction produced a significant increase in proliferation in response to Con-A. It is proposed that in the thymus, bacterial products stimulate thymic macrophages to release the Mr 36,000 monokine which in turn stimulates the thymic epithelial cells to release products which promote the survival and maturation of immature thymocytes. This work has implications for the regulation of thymocyte maturation. PMID- 3154924 TI - Expression of functional human interleukin-2 receptors in murine interleukin-3 dependent cells. AB - A murine recombinant retrovirus containing the cDNA encoding the human p55 interleukin-2 (IL2)-binding protein was used to insert this gene into a murine interleukin-3 (IL3)-dependent cell line, FD.C/1. Virus-infected cells, maintained in medium supplemented with IL3, expressed human p55 on the cell surface and readily adapted to growth using human IL2. In the presence of human IL2, the synthesis of the endogenous murine p55 binding protein was induced in FD.C/1 cells, making it difficult to determine whether the human p55 protein was actively involved in the process of growth signal transduction. A cloned cell line, FD.huIL2R-2, was identified which grew in the presence of human IL2 but which had lost the ability to synthesize murine p55 protein. Growth of this clone was inhibited by the monoclonal antibody 2A3 which specifically blocked binding of human IL2 to the human p55 binding protein. Analysis of restriction enzyme digests of FD.huIL2R-2 cell DNA revealed that a rearrangement of a murine p55 gene had occurred, implying that virus infection had resulted in the integration of retroviral DNA at a site close to or within a murine p55 gene. If IL2 signal transduction involves binding to a surface heterodimeric receptor for IL2, it is argued that FD.huIL2R-2 cells contain an IL2 receptor complex of murine p70 and human p55 IL2-binding proteins. Alternatively, it is possible that integration of human p55 DNA into a site close to a murine p55 gene may lead to a hybrid p55 IL2 binding protein. If FD.huIL2R-2 cells express murine p70 IL2-binding protein as part of the receptor complex, the inability of cells to grow in murine IL2 implies that IL2 binding to p70 protein alone is insufficient for a growth signal in these cells. FD.huIL2R-2 cells grow at rates similar in IL3- or human IL2 dependent states. It is likely therefore that the biochemical pathways that control each of these lymphokine-dependent growth states are very similar. PMID- 3154925 TI - [Functions of a clinical pharmacology hospital service]. PMID- 3154926 TI - [Patients and drugs]. PMID- 3154927 TI - [What is the future of clinical pharmacology in Spain?]. PMID- 3154928 TI - [The practical value of determination of plasma levels of drugs]. PMID- 3154929 TI - [Pharmacologic surveillance and safety of drugs: reflexions for legislative and, especially, cultural action]. PMID- 3154932 TI - [Homosexuality: understanding and doctrinal firmness]. PMID- 3154933 TI - On the detection of signals in non-white noise. AB - We have studied the detection, by human observers, of suprathreshold bandlimited signals embedded at various locations in non-white, Gaussian filtered noise. Detection models based upon the direct cross-correlation between the signal and the noise image (matched filtering) cannot account for the results of our experiments. Our findings point instead at a detection process occurring at the level of signal decomposition, and jointly determined by: (a) the differential outputs of discrete, bandlimited spatial analyzers selectively responsive to different components of the signal; and (b) variable detection rules adaptively related to such outputs and to the type of signal information available to the observer. PMID- 3154934 TI - Visual discrimination of simple geometrical patterns: I. Measurements for multiple element stimuli. AB - We describe a method for the measurement of visual discrimination between simple patterns. The target to be discriminated is embedded in a background consisting of multiple, randomly positioned but identical elements, and is distinguished by a single parameter such as magnification or relative rotation. The positions of the target and background elements are varied randomly between presentations and discrimination for different values of the target parameter is measured in terms of the time taken for detection of the target. Using this method, we have studied discrimination of rotation and of magnification for simple pattern elements such as lines, triangles and squares. The results for rotation discrimination are interpreted as evidence for the activity of two discrimination mechanisms, one sensitive to the orientation of the lines from which the pattern elements are constructed and the other to the orientation of the pattern element relative to the visual field. PMID- 3154935 TI - Visual discrimination of simple geometrical patterns: II. Atypical responses in a subject suffering difficulties with pattern recognition. AB - We have applied the experimental methods described by Ike et al. (Spatial Vision, 1987, 2, 13-29) in the study of pattern discrimination by subjects who, during childhood, experienced severe difficulties with reading and spelling. Of the six subjects studied, one still suffers from such difficulties and we show that she performs atypically in certain of the discrimination tasks. In particular, her discrimination responses for elements such as delta are markedly different from those of all other subjects. We interpret these abnormal responses on the basis of the discrimination mechanisms for line orientation and rotation of the elements which were discussed by Ike et al. (1987). PMID- 3154936 TI - Short-range limitation on detection of feature differences. AB - We studied the ability of observers to detect the presence of a clearly visible line segment against a background of line segments of different orientation. As we increase the number (density) of these background lines, we find that detectability does not behave monotonically. Adding a small number of background lines decreases detectability but if adjacent line segments are permitted to fall in close range, a further increase of background lines improves performance which eventually reaches a constant level. This suggests that detection of feature differences involves a short-range process. The range of this process is about two degrees or twice the length of the line segments used. Thus texture-gradients between different elements are only formed if the distance between these elements is not much larger than the average element size. PMID- 3154937 TI - Masking efficiency as a function of stimulus onset asynchrony for spatial frequency detection and identification. AB - Detection and identification thresholds for grating targets were measured in the presence of a compound mask grating as a function of the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). The detection and identification SOA functions are both reversed U-shaped but they are not parallel. The detection-to-identification ratio is itself a reversed U-shaped function of SOA, even for stimuli two octaves apart, with a peak between +20 and +60 ms SOA (backward masking). It is argued that these results support the hypothesis according to which detection and identification are serial processes. PMID- 3154939 TI - Illusory deformations of chromatic gratings under motion. PMID- 3154938 TI - Effect of the number of grey levels on the detectability of a simple line signal in visual noise. AB - The number of grey levels, G, contained in a digitized image of an external event must affect the fidelity of reproduction of that event for physical reasons. The question arises as to whether there is a separate perceptual effect of G. Three experiments are described which investigate the effect of G on the visibility of a straight-line signal in visual noise using a signal detection analysis to separate the physical and perceptual effects of G. The results show that, for the type of displays employed, and for the specific task of detection of lines in visual noise, there was no effect of G on efficiency, which suggests that G had no separate perceptual effect. PMID- 3154940 TI - Distractor-target interactions during directed visual attention. AB - The spatial extent of directed visual attention (DVA) was examined in a series of experiments using precuing in a suprathreshold luminance detection (reaction time) paradigm. Previous findings (Hughes, H. C. and Zimba, L. D. J. Exp. Psychol.; Human Percept Perf., 1985, 11, 409-430) indicated that, in an empty visual field, the effects of DVA were primarily manifest as a uniform elevation of response times to all probe targets in the hemifield contralateral to the observer's expectancy. The present experiments were designed to determine whether increased spatial selectivity could be found when luminous markers indicated the exact location of the expected visual target. To maintain equivalent states of adaptation in both hemifields, luminous markers were also present at the same location in the contralateral hemifield. In general, hemifield effects were again obtained, but with two notable exceptions. First, marking locations in the unattended hemifield produced a local increase (enhanced interference) in RTs above the level characteristic of other locations within that hemifield. Second, when multiple locations were indicated with identical luminous markers, graded costs were obtained in both hemifields. However, scaling the markers according to estimates of cortical magnification factor (M) substantially reduced the slope of these inhibitory gradients, and the results once again approached those characteristic of an unstructured visual field. The findings suggest that when attention is directed to a marked location along the horizontal meridian, a transition in performance typically occurs at the vertical meridian. In addition, irrelevant stimuli some distance from the attentional focus interfere with detection times to unexpected targets that appear in the same vicinity. This interference may relate to an enhanced susceptibility to spatial interactions between the distractors and target away from the attentional focus. The interference appears to extend over a constant area of visual cortex, since it is reduced when the markers are M-scaled. PMID- 3154941 TI - A theory on the determination of 3D motion and 3D structure from features. AB - The present paper proposes a mathematical theory and a method of recognition of both the 3D structure and the motion of a moving object from its monocular image. Initially, characteristic features are extracted from the 2D perspective image of the object. Because motion of the object induces a change in its 2D perspective image, it also induces a change in the features which depends on the 3D structure and the velocity of the object. This suggests the possibility of detecting the 3D structure and the motion directly from the features and their changing rate, without the need for calculating optical flows. An analysis is made of the relation between the 3D rigid motion of a surface element and the change in local linear features. From this relation, a method is proposed for calculating the velocity of and the normal to the surface element without considering any correspondence of points. An optical flow can also be calculated by this method. Two simple computer simulations are provided. PMID- 3154942 TI - Tobias Mayer--experiments on visual acuity (1755). AB - The pioneering experimental work of Tobias Mayer (1723-1762) on visual acuity, published in 1755 in Latin, is presented in English translation. Mayer distinguished between two kinds of visual acuity, the one (30 arc sec) for single objects seen against a uniform background, the other (1 arc min) for more complex objects such as gratings, grids, or checkerboards. Strong illumination did not improve visual acuity. For targets seen in the light of a candle, the visual angle needed for resolution was inversely proportional to the cube root of the distance of the candle and therefore to the sixth root of 'brightness'. The historical significance of Mayer's work on visual acuity is briefly outlined. PMID- 3154943 TI - Point spread functions and detail detection. AB - Point spread functions, intended to characterize local spatial transfer of the visual system, can be obtained psychophysically using a perturbation technique. Data of such point spread functions are shown for three experimental conditions: foveally at adaptation levels of 1200 and 10 Td, and in the parafovea at an eccentricity of 2 deg using a 1200 Td adaptation level. The results are consistent with earlier findings (Blommaert, F. J.J. and Roufs, J.A.J. 1981, Vision Res. 21, 1223-1233). On the basis of such point spread functions a simplified multiple unit model was constructed, the parameters of which were fitted to thresholds of discs with varying diameter. Threshold predictions from this model for annuli, thin lines and broad lines were found to be in fair quantitative agreement with experimental results. It is argued that for a certain class of slender stimuli, including alphanumeric characters, thresholds can be described with a single channel model containing only the experimentally determined point spread function as a basic component. PMID- 3154944 TI - Visual computation and saccadic eye movements: a theoretical perspective. AB - A simple instance of parallel computation in neural networks occurs when the eye orients to a novel visual target. Consideration of target-elicited saccadic eye movements opens the question of how spatial position is represented in the visual pathways involved in this response. It is argued that a point-for-point retinotopic coding of spatial position (the 'local sign' approach) is inadequate to account for the characteristics of the response. An alternative approach based on distributed coding is developed. PMID- 3154945 TI - Bi-partitioning and boundary detection in natural scenes. AB - We propose a strategy for early vision which tailors visual channels to the object-oriented characteristics of natural scenes. This strategy involves essentially two types of channel, one for encoding the locally dominant edges which form the boundaries of 'objects', and another for 'filling in' the regions within them. The selection of contrasts which characterize object boundaries rather than textural detail can be enhanced by making an estimate local of contrast, and setting a threshold accordingly. This procedure and other aspects of the model were first suggested by observations of insect visual cells. PMID- 3154946 TI - Rotating stripes and the impulse response of the eye: I. Uniform illumination. AB - A rotating striped pattern produces an unexpected visual effect: a band of relatively high contrast is seen obliquely across the striped pattern, moving steadily around with the pattern and lagging behind the perpendicular to the stripes. Photographs of the moving pattern display similar effects. An analysis of the effect (based on a simple linear model) shows that the perceived contrast observed at any instant across the pattern represents the temporal modulation transfer function of the eye and the asymmetrical shape of the lines is a display of the phase transfer function. The analysis establishes and uses an analogy with the amplitude distribution in a Fraunhofer diffraction pattern. The temporal impulse response of the eye is related to the perceived contrast in the same way that the aperture function is to the amplitude distribution in the diffraction pattern. The binocularly perceived contrast distribution is considered as the interference or phasor addition of the two monocularly perceived effects, and the clinical potential of this approach is illustrated. In addition, since the band itself is not an object with a physical boundary, but a perceptual consequence of blurring and spatial averaging, the effect provides a means for investigating the perceived location of moving objects in general. PMID- 3154947 TI - Rotating stripes and the impulse response of the eye: II. Stroboscopic illumination. AB - The visual effect perceived when a rotating sinusoidally striped pattern is viewed under stroboscopic illumination consists of a band of relatively high contrast repeated at intervals across the pattern. On the basis of a previous linear model (Wolf, J. E., 1987, Spatial Vision, Vol. 2, pp. 199-211), the contrast distribution is shown to correspond to the Fourier transform of the temporally sampled impulse response of the eye, the stroboscopic illumination providing such a sampling. The analysis uses the analogy of these perceived contrast effects with the amplitude distribution in a Fraunhofer diffraction pattern established earlier (Wolf, 1987), and in this situation the stroboscopic illumination temporally samples the impulse response of the eye in the same way that the slits sample the 'aperture function' in a diffraction grating. PMID- 3154948 TI - Changes in perceived contrast of suprathreshold gratings as a function of orientation and spatial frequency. AB - Orientation anisotropy for suprathreshold gratings of different spatial frequencies was measured using a contrast matching procedure. Observers matched the contrast of sine-wave gratings of various orientations to a vertical reference grating set at different reference contrasts. At threshold, the size of the anisotropy increased with spatial frequency, confirming previous results. When the reference grating contrast was set above threshold, the anisotropy declined, and eventually disappeared for gratings of medium spatial frequencies. At higher spatial frequencies, although the relative anisotropy became smaller, it did not disappear within the range of contrasts used in this study. For medium, but not for high spatial frequencies, the data are consistent with Kulikowski's (1976) model of effective contrast constancy. PMID- 3154949 TI - Sensitivity to corners in flow patterns. AB - Flow patterns are two-dimensional orientation structures that arise from the projection of certain kinds of surface coverings (such as fur) onto images. Detecting orientation changes within them is an important task, since the changes often correspond to significant events such as corners, occluding edges, or surface creases. We model such patterns as random-dot Moire patterns, and examine sensitivity to change in orientation within them. We show that the amount of structure available from which orientation and curvature can be estimated is critical, and introduce a path-length parameter to model it. For short path lengths many discontinuities are smoothed over, which has further implications for computational modeling of orientation selectivity. PMID- 3154950 TI - Perceptual segregation and retinal position. AB - This study is concerned with the dependence of perceptual segregation performance on the retinal position at which the performance is evaluated. Segregation performance consisted in detecting a target texture composed of line elements of constant length and orientation embedded in a background texture. The background texture was made up of the same line elements as the target texture but the background line elements were set at 90 deg to the target elements. Results showed that, at least for 40- and 50-ms presentation times, this task could be much more effectively completed outside the fovea centralis than within this area. These findings indicate that extrafoveal areas of the retina may make a significant and previously underestimated contribution to perceptual segregation. PMID- 3154951 TI - Spatio-temporal parameters and the three-dimensionality of apparent motion: evidence for two types of processing. AB - The minimum ISI required for perceiving apparent motion in depth was measured as a function of the 2D separation of stimuli and the physical separation of stimuli in depth. It was found that temporal thresholds increased as a function of the separation of stimuli in depth. This supports the results of previous research indicating that the perceived three-dimensionality of apparent motion in depth increases with ISI. In addition, the rate of threshold increase was significantly greater in displays with short 2D separations of stimuli than in displays with large 2D separations. This robust functional dissociation of thresholds indicates that the short-range system may be involved in the processing of apparent motion in depth in the former case. PMID- 3154952 TI - The Gaussian derivative model for spatial vision: I. Retinal mechanisms. AB - Physiological evidence is presented that visual receptive fields in the primate eye are shaped like the sum of a Gaussian function and its Laplacian. A new 'difference-of-offset-Gaussians' or DOOG neural mechanism was identified, which provided a plausible neural mechanism for generating such Gaussian derivative like fields. The DOOG mechanism and the associated Gaussian derivative model provided a better approximation to the data than did the Gabor or other competing models. A model-free Wiener filter analysis provided independent confirmation of these results. A machine vision system was constructed to simulate human foveal retinal vision, based on Gaussian derivative filters. It provided edge and line enhancement (deblurring) and noise suppression, while retaining all the information in the original image. PMID- 3154953 TI - Some task and signal dependent rules for spatial vision. AB - In this paper we consider the types of computational processes which may be involved in solving a variety of perceptual problems from the detection of signals in the presence of others, to texture discrimination, and some aspects of pattern recognition. These processes centre around the involvement of correlational computations, the transduction of their input/output values, and the apparent involvement of selective filtering mechanisms. Our results suggest that even if fixed detectors (in tuning characteristics) are involved in low level vision, the human observer apparently employs much more adaptive (variable tuning characteristic) filters and nonlinear mechanisms in more complex spatial tasks. PMID- 3154954 TI - Spatial frequency discrimination for sinewave gratings with random, bandpass frequency modulation: evidence for averaging in spatial acuity. AB - Spatial frequency difference thresholds for vertical, high contrast sinewave gratings were estimated at 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 cyc deg-1. Within an experiment two independent manipulations of the stimulus were employed: (1) the number of cycles of the sinewave grating was varied over a range of 2.0 to 15.0 cycles; and (2) a stationary, random frequency modulation was imposed on the sinewave. The probability density function of the frequency modulation was a Gaussian whose dispersion coefficient was varied, in different experiments, in the range of 0 to 10% of the frequency of the parent sinewave. Both of these experimental variables were found to affect the precision with which spatial frequency discrimination could be performed. The Weber fraction increased both as the number of cycles present was decreased and as the dispersion coefficient of the modulating function was increased. These two effects were independent. The data support previous psychophysical findings that spatial frequency discrimination involves averaging over the total area of the stimulus and are compatible with spatial primitive models of spatial contrast vision. The data are not compatible with those of Hirsch and Hylton (J. opt. Soc. Am. 72, 1367-1374) which suggest that spatial interval discrimination occurs solely by operation of foveal mechanisms. PMID- 3154955 TI - An equation for DNA electrophoretic mobility in agarose gels. AB - Assignment of molecular weight to DNA fragments on the basis of electrophoretic mobility in agarose gels is complicated by nonlinearity of the relationship between mobility and molecular weight. Graphical methods that linearize sigmoidal curves provide a simplified description of the mobility function when applied to normalized mobility data. This description is valid over a wide range of molecular weights. Linear duplex molecules of lengths ranging from 118 to 169,200 base pairs were electrophoresed at voltage gradients of 1 to 6 V/cm through horizontal slab gels ranging from 0.2 to 1.6% agarose. A logit transformation of the mobility graphed versus the logarithm of molecular weight, analogous to a Hill plot of enzyme kinetics, is a straight line. Changes in the voltage gradient or gel composition alter the position but not the slope or linearity of the data plotted by this method. The logistic representation is compared with the conventional graph of log molecular weight versus mobility, with the graph of molecular weight versus reciprocal mobility, and with Probit analysis of the mobility function. Parameters were determined for one equation that accurately describes DNA mobility as a function of the three tested variables. Curves are presented that are useful in predicting fragment length, migration, resolution, and gel performance. PMID- 3154956 TI - The mechanism of DNA's fractionation during pulsed-field agarose gel electrophoresis: a hypothesis. AB - The resolution by length of linear double-stranded DNA longer than 10-20 kb is increased by periodically changing direction of the electrical field during agarose gel electrophoresis (pulsed field gel, or PFG, electrophoresis). Previously proposed mechanisms for this effect include viscoelastic relaxation of the DNA and DNA length-dependent path lengths through the gel. Several data are not explained by these mechanisms. To better explain the data, here is proposed: (a) the existence of flexible projections from the more rigid fibers that form the network of agarose gels; these projections slow DNA's motion by threading loops of DNA; (b) the bending of these projections in the direction of DNA's motion during electrophoresis; (c) hysteresis in the re-orientation of these projections when the direction of the electrical field is changed, and (d) increase in resistance to DNA's motion in a direction opposite to that of the projections' bending. By use of (a)-(d), the facts known about DNA fractionation during PFG electrophoresis are qualitatively explained. PMID- 3154957 TI - Computerized classification of two-dimensional gel electrophoretograms by correspondence analysis and ascendant hierarchical clustering. AB - A powerful data processing methodology for analysis and classification of two dimensional gels is introduced. The approach is based on correspondence analysis (CA) and ascendant hierarchical classification (AHC), and significantly differs from the more classical principal-component decomposition. Starting with a series of gels, each having a large number of spots, CA allows their representation in a factorial space of reduced dimension; classification into meaningful groups is then performed using AHC. Simultaneous representation of both spots and gels in the same space can be done. This precisely indicates the key spots pertinent for the classification, and therefore the characteristic proteins representative of a particular class of gels (i.e. of a particular disease or biological status). In addition, knowledge of these characteristic spots greatly simplifies the screening of future gels. After a brief overview of the Melanie system for analyzing 2D gels, the theory of correspondence analysis and ascendant hierarchical classification is summarized. Equations are given that are easily ammenable to computation. How classification of two-dimensional gel electrophoretograms is accomplished is then detailed. Experimental results support the power of this approach. PMID- 3154958 TI - Rapid scanning thermal lens/laser transmission densitometer. AB - An automated densitometer based on the thermal lens principle is described. The apparatus also operates as a conventional laser transmission densitometer. Comparison of the performance in both modes shows that thermal lens densitometry provides lower detection limits, but that transmission densitometry is more satisfactory at high optical densities. The instrument is characterized with proteins separated by SDS-PAGE and stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250. PMID- 3154959 TI - Mixture decomposition applied to the analysis of two-dimensional electrophoretic separation of protein samples. AB - Protein samples submitted for routine separation and analysis by two-dimensional electrophoretic techniques are often a mixture of proteins from different species, cell types, subcellular components, or even unknown contaminants. Varying amounts of individual components can account for many of the major effects seen in an experiment and can mask other, more subtle changes. This paper presents methods for estimating the percentages of these components in a mixture and procedures for correcting for their presence. The methods are tested by using a simple data set composed of differing amounts of two pure fractions. PMID- 3154960 TI - Thermally reversible gels in electrophoresis. I: Matrix characterization. AB - Two series of thermally reversible, hydrogen-bonded gels have been characterized: 5% PVA-4% PEG and 5% PVA-0.04% borate gels. They both have extremely low melting points (16-17 degrees C) and could be of potential interest for recovery of proteins after preparative electrophoresis. The PVA-borate gels can be exploited in the pH range 7-11 by progressively increasing the borate content in the pH interval 8 to 7 and concomitantly decreasing the borate levels in the pH zone 8 to 11. It is hypothesized that the low melting point of these gels is due to the fact that they are sparingly and sparsely hydrogen bonded along the PVA chain: on the average, 1 -OH group out of 3 or 4 -OH's in the PVA polymer should be engaged in H-bond formation. PMID- 3154961 TI - Fingerprinting of proteins cleaved in solution by cyanogen bromide. AB - This paper describes a simple method for fingerprinting proteins cleaved in solution with cyanogen bromide (CNBr). Two modifications of standard solution CNBr digestion conditions facilitate routine application of solution digestion to multiple samples. First, proteins are recovered by neutralizing formic acid with N-ethylmorpholine and precipitating with acetone. This eliminates the need for lyophilization. Second, thiols are blocked by disulfide interchange. Disulfide interchange is simpler than reduction-alkylation because the reagent is inert and the excess need not be removed. We show how CNBr fingerprints of bovine serum albumin can be interpreted in terms of the amino acid sequence in ways that proteolytic fingerprints cannot. PMID- 3154962 TI - A zone electrophoretic-isoelectric focusing study on the inactivation of human alpha 1-antitrypsin by elastase. AB - Previous experiments had shown that Alpha1-Antitrypsin (A1-AT) was rapidly inactivated by elastase in 30 min at 37 degrees C. Although the inhibitor moiety could be quantitatively accounted for, the elastase moiety was not recoverable. Side-by-side experiments under the above conditions (zero time and 30 min at 37 degrees C) using enzymatic and immunochemical (quantitative immunofixation electro phoresis) methods, and four different purified A1-AT preparations, showed little or no increase in elastase concentration following degradation of the A1 AT elastase complex. Between 39 and 48% of the total elastase (in the complex) was undetectable either enzymatically or immunochemically. Elution-quantitation of the stained zones of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropherograms of A1-AT elastase reaction mixtures where the inhibitor was present in excess of equivalence showed that the production of inactivated A1-AT occurs regardless of inhibitor concentration and that complex formation and inactivated inhibitor production are functions of elastase concentration. Isoelectric focusing (pH 4-6 gradient) of these reaction mixtures (zero time) showed the production of inactivated inhibitor under conditions of inhibitor excess and its transition from a nine zone pattern (2.3-fold molar excess of inhibitor; isoelectric points, 5.2 to 5.75) in the A1-AT elastase complex region to a six zone pattern (isoelectric points, 5.43 to 5.75) at equivalence. The six zone pattern was found to be a mirror image of the six zone pattern in the inactivated A1-AT region (isoelectric points, 4.53 to 4.91) with pH differences between zone pairs being practically identical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154963 TI - HDL particle associated proteins in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid: identification and partial sequencing. AB - The proteins from plasma HDL particles isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography on anti-apolipoprotein A-1 affinity columns have been analysed and purified by high resolution two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Two of the lipoprotein associated proteins found in the HDL plasma fraction, previously referred to as NA1 and NA2, have also been found in cerebrospinal fluid. After separation by 2DGE, these two proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes, stained and cut out for N-terminal sequencing. The partial sequences (11 and 13 amino acids) obtained for the two HDL particle associated proteins do not match any of those included in the December 1987 National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF) database, and there are no significant sequence similarities. PMID- 3154964 TI - [Hodgkin's disease and pregnancy]. AB - This is a short communication in which 2 cases of familiar Hodgkin's disease are reported. The first case is a 27 years old woman with the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease, nodular sclerosis, stage III-B (with mediastinal, para-aortic and right supraclavicular involvement), treated initially with radical radiotherapy. She was pregnant at the time of diagnosis. The second case is a 15 years old woman with similar diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease stage II-A (with mediastinal and right supraclavicular involvement) and identical histology. She was the daughter of case 1. The observation of familiar Hodgkin's disease and its possible biological implications are discussed. PMID- 3154965 TI - [Trichloroethylene poisoning. Presentation of 3 cases and review of the literature]. AB - Three cases of occupational poisoning by trichloroethylene, one of them fatal, are presented. The etiologic, clinical and diagnostic aspects of each case are discussed, along with a broad literature review, emphasizing preventive measures and the substitution of this chloric solvent by other, less toxic solvents, as recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. PMID- 3154967 TI - [Acquired eyelid ptosis. Treatment protocol]. PMID- 3154966 TI - [Intestinal invagination in adults]. AB - Four cases of intestinal intussusception in adults are presented. Etiology was not common in all of them. Frequency, clinic presentation and diagnostic approach are discussed. A emergency right colectomy was performed in all of them. PMID- 3154968 TI - [The human embryo and the status of person]. PMID- 3154970 TI - [Studies of aquatic fungi. VIII. Mycoflora of fish ponds in Popielewo and Poryta Jablon]. AB - Species composition of aquatic fungi was studied by the authors during April November 1985 in water of ponds of two State Fish Farms. The studies included hydrochemical analysis of the ponds, too. In the ponds of the two Farms 43 species of aquatic fungi belonging to 6 classes were found. Most numerous were these ones which represented Oomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Sixteen species of fungi were stated in the ponds of SFF Popielewo while 35 species were present in those SFF Poryta Jablon. The latter ponds have been more productive than the former. The following species of aquatic fungi appeared to be new in Poland's hydromycoflora: Rhizidiomyces apophysatus, Lagenidium giganteum, Flagellospora penicillioides, Flagellospora stricta and Lemonniera aquatica. PMID- 3154971 TI - [Rheoencephalographic evaluation of the relations between the changes in cerebral circulation in the areas supplied by specific arteries in patients with cerebral stroke]. AB - Rheoencephalography was made in 105 patients with ischaemic brain stroke during the first phase after the onset of the disease and 10 days later. It was found that the presence of an ischaemic focus in the area of the internal carotid artery induced blood supply alterations within the areas of adjacent++ arteries, i.e. contralateral carotid artery and vertebral arteries. In some cases it became visible in the reg records under the form of reduced or enhanced pulsation of blood flow followed by weaker reactions of changed vascular tonus. Most distinct changes were observed at the onset of the brain stroke. Ten days later these changes became less expressed. PMID- 3154969 TI - Studies of aquatic fungi. XI. Mycoflora of the upper course of the River Szeszupa. AB - Hydrochemical analysis and the occurrence of aquatic fungi at the 3 stands in the upper course of the river Szeszupa were the aim of the studies of the authors. Out of 22 species of fungi found the following appeared to be new for Poland's hydromycoflora: Olpidium rotiferum, Nephrochytrium buttermerense and Achlya orion. PMID- 3154974 TI - [Maximal oxygen consumption and various physiological and somatic characteristics of students of the Bialystok Medical Academy 1976-1977 and 1980-1986]. AB - In students (men) of the 2nd course maximum oxygen uptake and some physiological features (rest systolic rate, vital lung capacity, the strength of flexors of both hands) and somatic ones (body weight, height) specific to a marked degree of physical fitness were assessed. The authors tried to find whether there exists a correlation between actual motion activity, cigarette smoking and self assessment of the health state by the students. The results of studies are presented in 16 tables and compared with the literature data. PMID- 3154973 TI - The contribution of some constitutional factors to the development of cow's milk and gluten intolerance in children. AB - The role of some constitutional factors in the development of cow's milk and gluten intolerance among hospitalized children was the subject of analysis made by the authors. The patients were hospitalized at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases of Children during 1973-1982. The age of 45 children varied from 5 months to 5 years (gluten intolerance group) and of 50 children it amounted to from 2 months to 5 years (cow's milk intolerance group). In 34% of the family members of the children with milk intolerance and in 4.4% of the family members of the children with gluten intolerance the symptoms of this trait were found. Coeliac disease was observed in 13.3% of the family members of the gluten intolerance group of children and 10.8% psychic and/or diabetes disease among the members. It has been suggested that above illnesses of the family members occur more frequently compared to control group and this finding can speak for the participation of s constitutional (genetic?) factor in the development of this type of intolerance among the members of the family of affected children. PMID- 3154972 TI - The contribution of some environmental factors to the development of cow's milk and gluten intolerance in children. AB - The analysis performed by the authors includes correlation between certain environmental factors i.e. the kind of food (natural, mixed, artificial), the role of infection and therapy applied (including antibiotic therapy), living conditions (residence place, the age of parents, number of siblings) and the body birth weight and the established food intolerance in children. The patients were hospitalized at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases of Children during 1978-1982. There were 45 children aged from 5 months to 5 years with gluten intolerance and 50 children aged from 2 months to 5 years with cow's milk intolerance. A close correlation between feeding and the development of food intolerance was stated. There had been found that 92% of children were given mixed cow milk already at the 2nd month of life and 46.6% were fed with this protein between the 2nd to the 3rd month of life. The former had cow milk allergy while the latter gluten intolerance. Due to longlasting diarrhea multiple antibiotic therapy was applied in the total group studied. Stool samples taken from the both groups revealed salmonella in 15.5% to 18.0%. Apart from this type of infection agent chemotherapy due to viral, parasitic and parenteral infections was used, too. The above presented findings confirmed significant role of the factors mentioned in the development and further progress of milk or gluten intolerance in the patients. PMID- 3154976 TI - [Thyroid gland inositol-1-phosphate synthase (its purification and characteristics)]. AB - Pig thyroid myoinositol-phosphate synthase was purified about 30 times using ammonium sulphate fractionation and DEAE cellulose chromatography. The enzyme preparation showed the activity of more than 70 mU/mg of protein. A partially purified synthase is a very labile enzyme. Its activity showed optimum value at pH 7.0. This activity appeared to be controlled by NH4+, Na+, and Li+ ions. The biological role of thyroid synthase has been discussed. PMID- 3154975 TI - [Results of the treatment of newly detected pulmonary and pleural tuberculosis at the Lung Disease and Tuberculosis Clinic of the Bialystok Medical Academy 1980 1984]. AB - The material analysed comprises 207 patients with newly detected lung tbc treated in the Clinic of ++Phthisiopneumonology of the BMA during 1980-1984. The age and sex of patients, radiological picture, detuberculization resulting from the combined therapy with 4 drugs with RMP, 3 drugs + RMP and with 3 drugs without RMP were taken into account, so as was the weekly rhythm of negativity and the forms of lung tbc. The material included 143 men (69%) and 64 women (31%). The highest proportion of hospitalized patients due to lung tbc among men was within the age range from 41 to 60 years (38.5%) while among women from 21 to 40 years 42.2%). Most frequent lung tbc were hemogenous (38.2% of cases) next 26.1% were the infiltrative forms. Total tbc negativity was achieved in 98.3% of cases and the rhythm of negative sputum appeared to be markedly faster when 4 drugs were combined with RMP. Summing up, in all newly detected cases with negative sputum with radiologically active lung tbc a clinical improvement has been achieved, and the radiologically seen improvement included 92.6% of cases. PMID- 3154977 TI - [An optimal method of determining the level of cathepsin A in blood platelet homogenates]. AB - Blood platelet cathepsin A hydrolyzes Cbz-Glu-Tyr most intensively at pH 5.0, it does so too, with Cbz-Glu-Phe, but to a smaller extent. Using the ninhydrin method for estimation of the released tyrosine++ or phenylalanine previous elimination of amino acids++ and low-molecular peptides is necessary as it is too including alpha-amine nitrogen released by platelet proteases from peptides and proteins. PMID- 3154979 TI - [History of the Otolaryngological Clinic, Medical Academy, in Bialystok (1952 1986)]. PMID- 3154978 TI - [Effect of alcohols and the products of their oxidation on the fibrinolytic activity of euglobulins]. AB - Aldehydes (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) inhibit the fibrinolytic, caseinolytic and amidolytic activity of blood plasma euglobulins. Alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol and iso-propanol) and sodium salts of organic acids (formate, acetate and propionate) show inhibitory activity towards the fibrinolytic activity of euglobulins only at small degree and at high concentrations. PMID- 3154980 TI - [20-year cooperation between the I Department of Internal medicine of the District Hospital and the Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Academy, in Bialystok (analysis of diagnostic consistency)]. AB - Statistical analysis of 1421 deaths (98% of all who had died at the Ward) of patients during 1965-1984 was performed. The material was divided into 3 groups according to the age: up to 59 years, from 60 to 69 and over 70 years. Among those who had died men prevailed (55.1%), but both among women and men the age was over 70 years. In the 2nd decade of the analysed period the authors found gradual increase of death percentage among elderly people, that can be ascribed to "geriatrization" of the Ward and higher accessibility to the hospital for this group of patients. Statistical analysis which included a 10-year period (1975 1984) dealt with the causes of deaths according to the clinical and pathological recognition. There dominated deaths of cardiovascular diseases (59.4%), twice increased the percent of deaths due to neoplasia and diabetes complications. On the other hand, the proportion of decreased of heart infarction fell (from 33% to 16.9%) as did of cardiac defects (from 9.5% to 5.9%). This decrease was the effect of hospital structure changes, i.e.a creation of the Ward of Cardiology and Intensive Cardiological Care in 1981. During 1981-1984 the proportion of deaths of complications of arterial hypertension, mainly in the persons at very old age, increased threefold. In this group of age there dominated deaths of cardiac infarction and circulatory insufficiency. The authors made an analysis of the conformability of clinical diagnosis and the results of autopsy. Out of 1421 deaths in 1149 cases (80.8%) the results of autopsy fully agreed with clinical diagnosis. As partially conformable the clinical diagnosis was in 15.5%, and divergent in 3.7% of cases. The latter, according to the authors, resulted from an incomplete or unproper interpretation of diseases symptoms influenced by several objective factors. As could be expected, the highest proportion of divergent diagnosis was found in the group of the eldest patients afflicted with cardiovascular and malignant diseases. PMID- 3154981 TI - [Dr. Tadeusz Rakowiecki (July 26, 1878-April 6, 1965), physician, astronomer and writer--on the 25th anniversary of his death]. AB - He decided to study medicine to be self-reliant and helpful for the society though he showed outstanding abilities to exact sciences, in particular mathematics. He was graduated at the Warsaw University in 1903 "cum eximia laude" in medicine. Apart from medicine he had disclosed interest in literature that was realized by many lectures and publications related to the famous and outstanding Polish writer Stefan Zeromski. Since 1930 Dr. Rakowiecki has started as self taught astronomy studies becoming soon one of seven most eminent Polish astronomers. In the thirties there appeared his two-volume monography entitled "Drogi Planet i Komet" ("Motions of planets and comets") that has become the first fundamental Polish handbook of astronomy actual up to seventies. His scientific achievements based on higher mathematics included 20 important reports on astronomy and several monographs on mathematics. In 1930 he had refused several proposals to head University Chairs of Astronomy, among others in Lwow, due to modesty and his willingness to help and to serve his patients. He had been a demon for work, his rest after admission of patients were astronomy calculations, while when tired with the latters he became occupied with medicine. PMID- 3154982 TI - [Campylobacter jejuni infections in slaughterhouse workers]. AB - Complement fixing (C.F.) antibodies to Campylobacter jejuni were detected in 83 slaughterhouse workers and 83 blood donors. Workers were aged 18-65 years (mean, 41.7 +/- 12.3) and had worked in the slaughterhouse for 2-40 years (mean, 17.5 +/ 5.1). C.F. antibodies were detected according to Mosimann's method and by including five antigens: Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica types 03 and 09, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Brucella. Positive titers were found in 12.1% of workers and in 2.4% of control subjects (p less than 0.01); values ranged from 1:10 to 1:40. Frequent and close contact with animals or their products was significantly associated with seropositivity. No association was found with the time of employment. Sixty per cent of seropositive workers referred rheumatological symptoms. These findings confirm that slaughterhouse workers exposed to potential sources of C. jejuni have elevated titers of antibodies. Attention has, therefore, to be focused on breaking the chain of transmission as a means of control. PMID- 3154983 TI - Clinical reliability of diagnostic tests in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. AB - To determine the diagnostic value and precision of the quantitative skin test (QST), RAST, specific nasal (NPT) and conjunctival (CPT) provocation tests, we studied 91 patients, suffering from allergic rhinoconjunctivitis with positive skin prick tests (SPT) to common allergens, among whom sixty-nine of them had symptoms related to the positive SPT, and 22 had no clinical correspondence. In these two groups, by comparing the threshold of positivity, we investigated whether there was any parallelism between responses to the tests considered. We also compared the level of specific IgE (RAST) to the wheal-areas evoked by preliminary SPT for the corresponding allergen in order to detect any quantitative relationship between these investigations. Increasing concentrations of standardized allergen extracts (from 10 to 100,000 BU/ml) were used in all in vivo tests. NPT was evaluated on the basis of multiple recordings of nasal resistances by anterior passive rhinomanometry. QST proved to correlate well with RAST and its easier method ensures it a major role in assessing the levels of allergic sensitization. SPT wheal-areas and RAST vales correlated well only for grass and birch, presumably because of better standardization of these allergen extracts. When provocation tests, especially NPT, were positive, patients were almost always symptomatic for the allergen tested (high positive predictive value). Likewise, 21 out of the 22 asymptomatic subjects had negative NPT (high specificity). These results suggested the utility of standardized provocation tests in order to restrict diagnosis to the truly causative allergens in patients with multiple positive SPT results. PMID- 3154986 TI - Staging criteria in colorectal cancer. PMID- 3154984 TI - [Epidemiological and clinical study on bee venom allergy among beekeepers]. AB - A randomized population of 222 beekeepers from Lombardy (203 males, 19 females, of mean age 42.5 years) was studied to determine the frequency of allergic reactions to bee sting. The type of reactions, the clinical evolution at the subsequent stings and the risk factors concerning the development of allergy (presence of venom specific IgE, number of stings in a year, atopy, age) were evaluated. It was found that 170 beekeepers never presented reactions to stings while 52 (23.4%) showed allergic reactions consisting in 31 large local reactions and 21 systemic reactions; of these, 3 (5.7%) were life-threatening. In the group of beekeepers with allergic reactions at the subsequent stings, 26 (50%) showed a spontaneous loss of reactivity, 16 (30.8%) presented persistent, but unchanged in severity, reactions and 10 (19.2%) had a worsening of symptoms. Specific honey bee venom IgE levels (measured by means of RAST) were significantly lower in immune beekeepers when compared with the group with allergic reactions (p less than 0.01) and in beekeepers with previous allergy when compared to the ones with persistent reactions (p less than 0.05). We also found significant differences about the number of stings received in a year by beekeepers with persistent allergic reactions (17.5 stings), beekeepers with previous allergy (89.8 stings) and immune subjects (126.9 stings). On the contrary, no significant differences were detected about the age and the presence of atopy. These results suggest that practice of bee-keeping induces a relatively high incidence of allergic reactions but with a trend to the spontaneous improvement of symptoms and a low incidence of severe reactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3154985 TI - Once again on lactoferrin serum levels in burned patients. PMID- 3154987 TI - MVP--still many unknown factors. PMID- 3154988 TI - Reevaluation of the 'routines'. PMID- 3154990 TI - Dyspepsia. The broad etiologic spectrum. AB - Dyspepsia remains one of mankind's most common afflictions. It affects virtually everybody at one time or another, it is responsible for the hundreds of millions of dollars spent each year on antacids and H2 antagonists, and it ranks second only to the common cold as a cause of loss of time from work. The condition denotes widely different things to different people, but by definition, complaints of dyspepsia must bear some relation to food or drink. (The term "dyspepsia" derives from dys, meaning "bad," and pepsis, meaning "digestion.") A physician writing in the Lancet more than a hundred years ago referred to dyspepsia as "the remorse of a guilty stomach." Unfortunately, the problem often turns out to be more serious than the transient pangs emanating from overindulgence. "Dyspepsy," De Quincey wrote in 1823, "is the ruin of most things: empires, expeditions, and everything else." That may be an overstatement. Still, dyspepsia can certainly be the harbinger of disastrous illness, as the following case illustrates. PMID- 3154989 TI - The art and science of percussion. PMID- 3154991 TI - Screening for open-angle glaucoma in a primary care setting. PMID- 3154992 TI - Hypertensive crisis or false alarm? PMID- 3154993 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism: recognition and management. AB - Many cases may be missed, particularly those that are normocalcemic. The disease should be considered in all older patients with chronic mental or behavioral disturbances, nonspecific neuromuscular or GI complaints, and arthralgias--not only because hyperparathyroidism is eminently curable but also because it is virtually impossible to predict when the disease will become life threatening. PMID- 3154994 TI - Benign breast disorders: a symptomatic approach. PMID- 3154995 TI - Why does tuberculosis remain so common among the elderly? PMID- 3154996 TI - Prevalence and treatment needs of periodontal disease in employees of supermarkets in Japan. AB - In 1987, a survey was carried out to determine the prevalence and treatment needs of periodontal diseases in 2,684 (997 males and 1,687 females) employees of 57 supermarkets in Japan. The aim of this survey was to obtain fundamental data for planning preventive programs for periodontal diseases in the Japanese population. Most of the subjects showed some signs of periodontal disease. The percentages of persons having pathologic pockets 4 mm or deeper increased with age, and reached about 50% in the 45- to 64-year-olds. The percentage of persons affected was similar between the males and females, but the percentage of persons having pathologic pockets tended to be higher in the males than in the females. These findings indicate that the prevalence of periodontal diseases is extremely high among the Japanese population, and that primary prevention of periodontal disease during school days is required in order to maintain the adults' periodontal health. PMID- 3154997 TI - Sterilisation patterns in dental practices in Singapore. AB - A survey to find out the standard of sterilisation of dental equipment was conducted via a questionnaire sent out to all Division I dental surgeons in Singapore. Questions asked determined the main methods of sterilisation/disinfection of hand instruments, air rotor and air motor handpieces, burs, salivary ejectors, ultrasonic scaling tips, and the use of disposable needles, local anesthetic, carpules, and gloves. Results indicated that while most respondents sterilised or disinfected various instruments, there was an apparent misconception that sterilisation and disinfection were the same thing. The majority used boiling with water or cold chemical disinfection. Most respondents were willing to treat patients with known histories of hepatitis B but would refer patients with histories of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). PMID- 3154998 TI - Long-term dental management of cleft patients (Part 1). AB - This review paper examines the problems associated with the cleft patient and presents a scheme of management. Timing of each procedure is important, with particular emphasis on speech and maxillary development. The role of orthodontics is discussed. PMID- 3155000 TI - Dental survey on soldiers of an infantry battalion of Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) at the time of completion of national service. AB - A three-part survey on 20-year-old national servicemen was conducted just before they left the army to determine their dental history and residual dental disease after two years of military service. The findings highlighted caries as a major cause of dental discomfort for which treatment was obtained. The impacted lower third molar was also a common cause of pain. The pattern of tooth loss showed that the lower first molar and the upper incisors were the teeth most frequently lost through caries. The findings reinforce the perception of the dental patient as being not the best person to appreciate his own dental needs and to do something positive about them. PMID- 3154999 TI - An analysis of sugar content of commonly used pediatric liquid medicines--its relevance to dentistry. AB - The sugar content of twenty-four liquid medicines commonly prescribed for infants and young children were measured and the type of sugars present were also identified in four randomly selected samples. All the liquid medicines tested contained sugar, in the range of 29.4% to 61.2%. Sucrose appeared to be the most commonly used sugar. Whilst it is agreed that sucrose makes the medicine more acceptable to children, its continual use by the pharmaceutical industry should be discontinued due to its harmful effect on the dental health of children, particularly those taking these syrup-based medicines on prolonged basis. Sugar free alternatives such as sorbitol or saccharin should be used instead. PMID- 3155001 TI - Middle third fractures of facial skeleton at University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur: a retrospective study. AB - This is a retrospective study of 80 patients with major central and lateral middle third fractures of facial skeleton treated at University Hospital from 1981 to 1985. The most common was the fractures of zygomatic complex. The peak incidence was in the 20-29 year age group and males were involved more than females (ratio 9: 1). Road traffic accidents were to be blamed for most of the fractures which was 82.25%. PMID- 3155002 TI - Mucosal sensitivity to chlorhexidine mouthwash. AB - Mucosal sensitivity to chlorhexidine mouthwash is a rare occurrence and very few cases have been reported in the literature. The authors report 2 cases of oral sensitivity to chlorhexidine and discuss the side-effects, possible causes of sensitivity and the management of the cases. PMID- 3155003 TI - Periodontitis in children, adolescent and young adults. The changing concepts: 2. Aetiology and treatment. AB - Early-onset periodontitis in children, teenagers and young adults is quite rare. This form of periodontitis progresses very rapidly and cause massive destruction to the periodontium. Various names have been given to this condition since it was first recognised in the 1920s. Through time the nomenclature changed from one to the other. Currently 3 forms of early-onset periodontitis are recognised--i.e. prepubertal periodontitis (PPP), localised juvenile periodontitis (LJP) and rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP). The clinical features of juvenile periodontitis as it was first described together with that of the present 3 clinical entities mentioned above are presented. Concepts on the aetiology of the disease have also changed through time, and include degenerative process, bacterial infection, defects in the host defense system and heredity. Current thought is that there is an interplay of most of these factors in pathogenesis of the disease. Treatment modalities changed too. At the moment, comprehensive periodontal therapy with meticulous oral hygiene measures seem to be the treatment of choice. Concurrently, systemic tetracycline administration might have some added benefits. PMID- 3155004 TI - Multifocal eosinophilic granuloma--a case report. AB - A 1.5 year old Kuwaiti child male presented with a massive bilateral ulcerative lesion of palate and gingiva with massive submandibular lymphadenopathy which were proven histologically to be due to an eosinophilic granuloma. Bone survey was normal. The patient was treated by chemotherapy and irradiation locally with dramatic response and no relapse occurred in more than 18 months of follow up. PMID- 3155005 TI - The cracked tooth syndrome--crown root vertical fracture. AB - A case of an incomplete tooth fracture followed by a complete fracture was presented. The difficulty of diagnosing this condition was discussed as well as the possible histological explanation of the symptoms experienced by the patient. It once again points out to practising dentists, that whilst deep pockets can give rise to severe periodontal pain, intense and excruciating pain should be investigated with the cracked tooth in mind. PMID- 3155006 TI - Psychological control of dental pain. AB - The basis and technique if psychological control of pain is discussed. A case of its use on a dental patient described. PMID- 3155007 TI - A rare human model for oncogenesis. AB - A rare female human model of oral carcinoma (OC) who refrained from any type of tobacco and/or betel nut habits, belonged to an younger age group, had no pre existing precancerous lesions in the oral cavity and who was exposed chronically to cashew nut oil, is presented. The role of genetic inherited influences, occupational and endocrine disturbances with racial factors in the causation of oral carcinoma is discussed. The significance of further studies at the genetic level, to rule out protooncogenic activation in the causation of oral cancer is summed up. The literature on the concept of oncogenesis is reviewed briefly. PMID- 3155008 TI - Management of an avulsed tooth with severe root resorption. AB - Delayed replantation of an avulsed tooth with an open apex resulted in failure of revascularization, necrosis of the pulp and extensive external root resorption. Removal of the necrotic pulp and repeated intra-canal dressings of calcium hydroxide over a three year period arrested the inflammatory resorptive process. The process was replaced by replacement resorption leading to ankylosis and infra occlusion of the affected tooth. As the tooth was asymptomatic, it was retained in the arch to act as a space maintainer. To improve aesthetics, the crown was recontoured using a light-cured resin. PMID- 3155009 TI - Ameloblastic fibroma--a case report. AB - An unusual case of ameloblastic fibroma involving two supernumerary teeth in the anterior part of maxilla has been presented here. The radiographic picture mimics a dentigerous cyst where there is a gross migration of one of the involved super numerary tooth. After the histopathological diagnosis, the lesion was treated with enucleation and curettage. PMID- 3155010 TI - [Chronic obstructive respiratory diseases and their relationship with daily life activities of patients: a critical review of the evaluation methods]. PMID- 3155011 TI - [Bacterial flora in nontuberculous infections of the respiratory tract (findings relevant to the year 1988)]. PMID- 3155013 TI - [Effects of respiration of oxygen concentrations higher than atmospheric on gas exchange parameters in chronic hypoxemic patients with bronchopneumopathies]. PMID- 3155012 TI - [Carbocysteine-sobrerol combination and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 3155014 TI - [Qualitative findings in newly-ascertained pulmonary tuberculosis cases in a specialized provincial A. Tanzarella Hospital of Ostuni]. PMID- 3155015 TI - [Clinical and microbiological evaluation of prodrug antibiotic SCE-2174. A new cephalosporin for oral use. A comparative open randomized study vs cefaclor in 50 patients with infections of the middle or lower respiratory tract]. PMID- 3155016 TI - Immunoelectron microscopical studies on viruses. PMID- 3155017 TI - Artificial biological membrane ultrastructural changes caused by freezing. PMID- 3155018 TI - Ultrastructure and composition of refractile bodies found in certain bacteria. PMID- 3155019 TI - Cellulolysis: ultrastructural aspects of bacterial systems. PMID- 3155021 TI - The ultrastructure of the neuronal growth cone: new insights from subcellular fractionation and rapid freezing studies. AB - In this review I have discussed the ultrastructure of the growth cone in relation to two aspects of growth cone behaviour; motility and membrane recycling. There are obvious and severe limitations in studying such a dynamic entity as the growth cone with the static images produced by the electron microscope, but these notwithstanding, electron microscopy, as I have tried to show here, has made important contributions in this area. Notable amongst these contributions is the fairly complete catalogue we now have of the organelles within the growth cone and their spatial relations, in particular the cytoskeletal and membrane bounded elements. Among the important questions that remain unanswered are those relating to the source and destiny of plasma membrane components, especially those concerned with recognising extrinsic cues, and the control of the cytoskeleton in relation to neurite extension and growth cone guidance. These questions can be approached using electron microscopy especially the rapid freezing and deep etching methods used in conjunction with specific probes such as antibodies and we can look forward to progress in these areas in the near future. PMID- 3155020 TI - Electron microscopic studies of cartilage proteoglycans. AB - Proteoglycans, molecules consisting of glycosaminoglycan chains bound to protein, form a significant part of the cartilage extracellular matrix. Biochemical and biophysical methods describe the average composition and physical properties of these polydispense molecules. Electron microscopy reveals the structure and dimensions of individual proteoglycans. Examination of individual molecules can confirm or challenge concepts of their structure developed from studies of their chemical composition and physical properties, and may suggest new directions for biochemical investigation. Electron microscopy has confirmed that cartilage proteoglycans exist on two levels of organization: monomers consisting of central protein core filaments with attached glycosaminoglycan chains and aggregates consisting of central hyaluronate filaments with multiple attached monomers. Most aggregated monomers have a thin segment which attaches to the hyaluronate filament and probably represents primarily the keratan sulfate rich region of the protein core, and a peripheral thick segment that represents the chondroitin sulfate rich region and in some monomers part of the keratan sulfate rich region. Proteoglycans vary considerably in size, charge and composition. Direct visualization of proteoglycan aggregates and nonaggregated monomers has helped explain the structural basis of this polydispensity. Monomers vary in protein core length, number of glycosaminoglycan chains and length of the glycosaminoglycan chains. Aggregates vary in hyaluronate filament length, spacing between monomers, number of monomers per aggregate, and aggregated monomer length. In most populations of aggregates, from most tissues, variability in the number of monomers per aggregate produces most of the difference in aggregate size. Link proteins, small proteins that bind to monomers and hyaluronate, help determine aggregate size and the proportion of monomers that aggregate. Experiments in vitro show that link protein can increase aggregate size four fold, make the spacing between aggregated monomers more regular and increase the proportion of monomers that aggregate ten fold. With increasing age, cartilage proteoglycan monomers become shorter, more variable in length, have shorter chondroitin sulfate chain clusters and have a shorter thin segment which may result from an increase in keratan sulfate content. Study of monomers newly synthesized by calf and steer chondrocytes suggests that the age related changes in monomer structure result largely from changes in proteoglycan synthesis or intracellular processing. Aggregates also change with age. They become shorter, have fewer monomers per aggregate and have shorter aggregated monomers. In addition, the proportion of monomers that aggregate decreases. These age related changes in proteoglycan aggregation may result from a decreasing concentration of functional link protein or from accumulation of fragments of the protein core containing the hyaluronic acid binding region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3155022 TI - The ultrastructural morphology of endotoxins and lipopolysaccharides. AB - Endotoxins and LPS are constituents unique to the outer surface of gram-negative bacteria. Cell-associated endotoxins are now readily observable on the cell outer membrane with labelled monoclonal antibodies. These probes are not only more specific than those used in the past, but also easier to see. Interest in free endotoxin as a method to generate outer membrane proteins without contamination with other cell constituents is also increasing (Gamazo and Moriyon, 1987). The morphologic identification and characterization of LPS by electron microscopy has been facilitated recently by advances in chemical extraction and purification techniques. LPS, originally thought to be heterogenous, exists in forms that are dependent upon (1) the method of its extraction, (2) its chemical composition, and (3) the physical or chemical conditions of its environment. New models were proposed on the arrangement of LPS molecules in molecular aggregates (i.e. discs, vesicles or ribbons) and a schematic was presented on the dissociation from one morphologic type to another. Morphologic studies on endotoxins and LPS will continue in the future. Using molecular biological techniques, carbohydrate epitopes of LPS from one bacterial species will be expressed with increasing frequency in other bacterial species (Manning et al., 1986; Stein et al., 1988). Electron microscopy will help visualize the distribution of the 'new' LPS on the recipient cell surface. Labelled monoclonal antibodies will also differentiate host cell LPS from the recombinant LPS. As molecular model programming becomes more complex, new schematics will help visualize the arrangement of LPS in membranes to explain recombinant LPS structure as well as other characteristics (i.e. membrane permeability to various antibiotics). PMID- 3155023 TI - Fibronectin: a flexible image. PMID- 3155025 TI - Intracellular ATP and cardiac membrane currents. PMID- 3155024 TI - Freeze fracture studies of membrane lipids. PMID- 3155026 TI - M currents. PMID- 3155027 TI - Complement activation and organ function in critically ill surgical patients. PMID- 3155029 TI - Status asthmaticus. PMID- 3155028 TI - Blood clotting problems in acute care. PMID- 3155031 TI - Postoperative and traumatic sepsis-like syndrome: a new understanding. PMID- 3155030 TI - AIDS: pulmonary complications and intensive care. PMID- 3155032 TI - Hemodynamic changes in pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by hypertension. PMID- 3155033 TI - Symptomatic hyponatremia: pathophysiology and management. AB - In summary, we believe that the osmotic difference between the brain cell and the extracellular fluid is the critical parameter in determining therapy. A gradient of 30 mosm/kg or more produces significant shifts of intracellular water and cell damage. Seizure and coma are the neurologic signs associated with acute life threatening osmotic imbalance between swelling brain cells and the extracellular space. Treatment is designed to decrease this osmotic gradient to less than 30 mosm/kg to prevent this cell swelling. Thus in acute symptomatic hyponatremia, treatment (fluid restriction alone if urine osmolality is less than 100 mosm/kg or 3% saline if needed or both) is needed to decrease this osmotic gradient. If hyponatremia is chronic and brain osmotic adaptations have already taken place, increased extracellular osmolality would cause brain cells to undergo water loss, which may result in cell shrinkage and neurologic damage (for example, central pontine myelinosis). Unfortunately, there is as yet no clinically available tool to rapidly assess intracellular brain osmolality. Clinical judgment is therefore mandatory in trying to estimate the osmotic gradient between the intracellular and extracellular environment. Appropriate treatment must be initiated to prevent excessive changes in cell volume. PMID- 3155034 TI - Inotropic and vasoactive drugs for management of the critically ill. AB - I have reviewed the identifiable hemodynamic effects of selected inotropic and vasoactive agents in the context of several clinical patient subsets. Knowledge of relative hemodynamic effects of various agents permits the selection of those that are best in specific clinical circumstances. Combining drugs may only occasionally be advisable to supplement a desired effect or to attenuate an unwanted one. PMID- 3155037 TI - Heart failure and lactic acidosis associated with oral procainamide. PMID- 3155038 TI - A clinical study of acyclovir in herpes zoster ophthalmicus. PMID- 3155035 TI - Anesthetic pharmacology and critical care. PMID- 3155036 TI - Respiratory muscle function in the critically ill patient. AB - Recent studies showed that the patient work of breathing may be unexpectedly high during mechanical ventilation. During assisted mechanical ventilation and synchronous intermittent mechanical ventilation particularly, attention must be paid to the patient work if the respiratory muscles are to be rested. Clinicians should observe chest wall movements to recognize inspiratory efforts and incoordination. Monitoring the profile of inspiratory airway pressure over time is also helpful, with irregular and only partially positive pressures indicating inspiratory effort by patients. PMID- 3155039 TI - Cryotherapy for herpes simplex keratitis. PMID- 3155041 TI - Treatment of filamentous keratitis by supersaturated saline. PMID- 3155040 TI - Autoserum therapy and zoster keratitis. PMID- 3155042 TI - Donor cornea--criteria of usability. Slit lamp examination. PMID- 3155043 TI - Surgery of superficial corneal opacities by kerato-abrasion. PMID- 3155044 TI - Functional results of keratoplasty in children. PMID- 3155045 TI - Penetrating keratoplasty in keratoconus. PMID- 3155046 TI - Results of penetrating keratoplasty for aphakic bullous keratopathy. PMID- 3155047 TI - Penetrating keratoplasty in aphakic bullous keratopathy. PMID- 3155048 TI - Fellow eyes of aphakic bullous keratopathy (a specular microscopic study). PMID- 3155049 TI - Surgical correction of astigmatism. PMID- 3155051 TI - Radial keratotomy--an experimental study. PMID- 3155050 TI - Correction of post-keratoplasty astigmatism with relaxing incision. PMID- 3155052 TI - Morpho-physiological changes in ultra-violet irradiated crystalline lens--in vitro study. PMID- 3155054 TI - Ocular compression by modified sphygmomanometer to produce hypotony. PMID- 3155053 TI - Methyl cellulose (MC) 2% in modern intra-ocular surgery. PMID- 3155055 TI - Modern extracapsular cataract extraction. PMID- 3155056 TI - Minimizing post-operative astigmatism using steel sutures. PMID- 3155058 TI - When not to do an anterior chamber implant. PMID- 3155057 TI - Intraocular lens implant in the correction of aphakia. A four year study. PMID- 3155059 TI - Pitfalls encountered in 1500 consecutive posterior chamber implants. PMID- 3155060 TI - "All-in-bag" posterior chamber lens implantation. PMID- 3155061 TI - Extra capsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation. PMID- 3155062 TI - Nd:YAG membranotomy for opaque membranes in the pupillary area. PMID- 3155063 TI - Posterior capsulectomy and cyclitic membranectomy in cases of posterior chamber I.O.L. implants with vitreophage--a pars plana approach. PMID- 3155064 TI - Iris claw lens--six years' experience. PMID- 3155065 TI - Shepard's flexible anterior chamber lens implanted with visilon (methyl cellulose). PMID- 3155066 TI - Long term follow up of anterior chamber I.O.L. PMID- 3155067 TI - Methylcellulose. An experimental and clinical study. PMID- 3155068 TI - The effect of intravenous anaesthetic agents on scoline induced rise in intraocular pressure. PMID- 3155069 TI - Intraocular pressure variations in horizontal gaze, convergence and in extraocular muscle surgery. PMID- 3155070 TI - Pressure dynamics following trabeculectomy. A critical analysis. PMID- 3155071 TI - Effect of beer and whisky on intraocular pressure. PMID- 3155072 TI - Fluorescein angiography of iris in primary and secondary angle closure glaucoma. PMID- 3155073 TI - Conditions simulating low tension glaucoma. PMID- 3155074 TI - Microtrephine for Glaucoma. PMID- 3155076 TI - Soft seton glaucoma filtration surgery--a new technique. PMID- 3155075 TI - Simmons shell tamponade technique in glaucoma surgery. PMID- 3155077 TI - Combined argon laser iridoplasty and trabeculoplasty in the management of open angle glaucomas. PMID- 3155078 TI - A comparative study of combined trabeculectomy and cataract operation with and without cyclodialysis. PMID- 3155079 TI - A-scan ultrasonography--a quick and reliable diagnostic method of posterior segment disorder. PMID- 3155080 TI - Photography of peripheral fundus--a new device. PMID- 3155081 TI - Pathogenesis of proliferative vitreo-retinopathy--a new hypothesis. PMID- 3155082 TI - Comparative study of retinal detachments and localization of retinal holes in government ophthalmic hospital 84-85 with that of Harvey Lincoff and Richard Geisar in New York 1970-71. PMID- 3155083 TI - Choroidal detachment with retinal detachment. PMID- 3155085 TI - B. K. Narayan Rao Gold Medical Oration. Autokeratophakia. PMID- 3155084 TI - Round holes and flap tears of the retina (a comparative study). PMID- 3155086 TI - Prospective evaluation of risk factors in retinal re-detachment. PMID- 3155088 TI - Treatment of sub-retinal neovascular membranes by argon laser photocoagulation. PMID- 3155087 TI - Aphakic retinal detachment. PMID- 3155089 TI - Argon laser photocoagulation in treatment of central serous retinopathy--a prospective randomized study. PMID- 3155090 TI - Results of argon laser photocoagulation in the treatment of central serous retinopathy. PMID- 3155091 TI - Green-grid therapy in cystoid macular oedema. PMID- 3155093 TI - Direct incision drainage of subretinal fluid. PMID- 3155092 TI - Silicone oil: hope in retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreo retinopathy. PMID- 3155095 TI - Retinal detachment surgery--a safe and effective approach. PMID- 3155096 TI - Management of retinal detachment in pseudophakes. PMID- 3155094 TI - SF6--internal tamponade. PMID- 3155097 TI - Cryo therapy as an adjunct to treatment in pars planitis. PMID- 3155098 TI - Post-mortem electrolyte changes in human vitreous co-related with time of death. PMID- 3155099 TI - Vitrectomy in post-operative endophthalmitis. PMID- 3155100 TI - Factors influencing etiopathogenesis of concomitant squint and it's management--a clinical study. PMID- 3155101 TI - Difference in antibody response between orbital and systemic sensitization (an experimental study). PMID- 3155102 TI - Intermittent exotropia. A few facts in management. PMID- 3155103 TI - The visual evoked response in amblyopia. PMID- 3155104 TI - Evaluation of CAM vision stimulator in the therapy of amblyopia. PMID- 3155105 TI - Health education--the master key for N.P.C.B. PMID- 3155106 TI - Eye camp surgery--a riddle. PMID- 3155107 TI - Economy versus efficiency in eye camp surgery. PMID- 3155108 TI - Fungal orbital inflammations (an experimental study). PMID- 3155109 TI - Bilateral retinoblastoma in northern India--modes of presentation and heredity. PMID- 3155110 TI - Incidence of diabetic retinopathy in south Indian population--Tamil Nadu. A pilot study. PMID- 3155111 TI - Evidence of sub-clinical uveal involvement in leprosy. PMID- 3155112 TI - Acute ocular lesions in Bhopal gas tragedy. PMID- 3155113 TI - Ophthalmic survey of Bhopal victims--100 days after the tragedy. PMID- 3155114 TI - Scintigraphy of lacrimal passages for evaluation of their anatomico-physiological function. PMID- 3155115 TI - Microvascular pathology in diabetes with particular reference to diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 3155116 TI - Diabetic retinopathy--management of pathogenic factors. PMID- 3155117 TI - Retinal ablasion in diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 3155118 TI - Ophthalmic surgery in diabetes. PMID- 3155119 TI - Diabetic corneal disease. PMID- 3155120 TI - Electro-oculography--a study in normal and abnormal eyes. PMID- 3155121 TI - Partially sighted--their management with low vision aids. PMID- 3155122 TI - Multiple mode echography in orbital diagnosis. PMID- 3155123 TI - Assessment of lacrimal sac and related disorders by clinical echography. PMID- 3155124 TI - C. T. scan in the evaluation of proptosis. PMID- 3155125 TI - Fine needle aspiration biopsy in ocular and adnexal tumours. PMID- 3155126 TI - Blepharoplasty--an evaluation of different techniques. PMID- 3155127 TI - Repair of mismanaged entropion. PMID- 3155128 TI - Silicone plate in reconstruction of tarsus. PMID- 3155129 TI - Steel braces for ptosis. PMID- 3155130 TI - Laser treatment of pigmented lesions of the eyelids and ocular adnexa. PMID- 3155131 TI - Evaluation of role of mild diathermy in epiphora. PMID- 3155132 TI - Canaliculo veno rhinostomy. PMID- 3155133 TI - Mycotic corneal ulcer--a clinical study. PMID- 3155134 TI - Pigmented mass lesion on the cornea: an un-usual presentation of mycotic keratitis. PMID- 3155136 TI - Dr. P. Sivareddy Gold Medal Oration. Eales' disease. Recent concepts on aetiology and management. PMID- 3155135 TI - A comparative study between intra-vitreal and sub-conjunctival antibiotic in bacterial endophthalmitis. PMID- 3155137 TI - Clinical evaluation of berberine in mycotic infections. PMID- 3155138 TI - Keratomycosis treated with miconazole drops. PMID- 3155140 TI - Cytological study of herpetic keratitis. PMID- 3155139 TI - Endophthalmitis--a reappraisal. PMID- 3155141 TI - Behavioral health issues among American Indians and Alaska natives: explorations on the frontiers of the biobehavioral sciences. Conference proceedings, Mount Hood, Oregon, April, 1985. PMID- 3155142 TI - Major mental disorders and behavior among American Indians and Alaska Natives. PMID- 3155143 TI - The effects of labeling on health behavior and treatment programs among north American Indians. PMID- 3155144 TI - The health status of Indian children: problems and prevention in early life. PMID- 3155145 TI - Mental health care in a general health care system: the experience of the Puyallup. PMID- 3155146 TI - Societies, families, and change: the Alaskan example. PMID- 3155147 TI - Alcoholism, alcohol abuse, and health in American Indians and Alaska Natives. PMID- 3155148 TI - Stress, coping, and health: models of interaction for Indian and native populations. PMID- 3155149 TI - Diabetes and behavior: American Indian issues. PMID- 3155150 TI - Dietary protein restriction reduces the frequency and delays the onset of insulin dependent diabetes in BB rats. AB - Environmental agents have been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin dependent diabetes (IDD). These studies were designed to learn if dietary protein influences the development of IDD in the BB rat. Specifically, analysis involved the effects of substituting a modified, semi-synthetic diet (AIN-76) containing soy protein as the sole protein source for the standard chow containing a mixture of animal and non-animal protein. IDD was less frequent (73% vs. 38%, P less than or equal to 0.01), and the onset of diabetes was retarded (110 +/- 11.0 vs. 92 +/ 15.5 days, P less than or equal to 0.01) in rats fed the study diet versus standard chow, respectively. The frequency of thyroid collodal autoantibodies was also significantly decreased in rats fed the study diet (56% vs. 23%, P less than or equal to 0.04), whereas frequencies of smooth muscle and gastric parietal cell autoantibodies were less frequent, but not significantly so. Lymphocyte counts and subsets were unaffected. In non-diabetic rats at greater than 180 days of age, insulitis was less severe in the experimental group. These findings suggested that dietary protein may influence the development of IDD in the BB rat. PMID- 3155151 TI - In vitro properties of murine autoreactive T cell clones with specificity for erythrocytes. AB - A panel of IL-2 dependent T cell clones was generated from the lymph nodes of Balb/c mice immunized with RRBC which carry both foreign determinants specific for RRBC and crossreactive determinants shared with MRBC. From this panel, two clones designated L1R1 41 and L2R1 10 were successfully maintained in long-term culture for over six months and possessed essentially similar properties. They were slow growing and secreted a late-acting B cell growth factor but neither BSF 1 (Il-4) nor gamma interferon. Although Thy-1+ they were negative for other differentiation antigens including Ly-1, Ly-2 and L3T4. Both clones underwent antigen dependent proliferation in vitro. At a T cell:irradiated spleen cell ratio of 1:10 they responded to RRBC and MRBC equally well whereas at a ratio of 10:1 only an anti-self response was obtained. These results illustrate how antigen presentation may influence the capacity of the immune system to discriminate between self and non-self. PMID- 3155152 TI - Discordant interleukin 2 production in monozygotic twins concordant for systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We present data from monozygotic twins concordant for SLE. IL-2 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patients, when they were discordant for SLE activity, were measured employing cellular mixing experiments. Macrophages from active SLE had a suppressive effect on IL-2 production. Furthermore, SLE T cells appeared to have a defect in IL-2 production irrespective of disease activity. These defects might play an important role in the disordered immunoregulation in SLE. PMID- 3155153 TI - Differences in fine specificity of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies between subgroups of spontaneous myasthenia gravis of recent onset, and of penicillamine induced myasthenia. AB - The antigenic specificity of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies (anti-AChR) from 70 recent onset myasthenia gravis (MG) and nine penicillamine MG patients was determined by inhibition experiments using monoclonal antibodies (m.abs) raised against human AChR. Differences were found between individuals and between the three clinical subgroups of idiopathic MG distinguished by age of onset, thymic pathology and HLA associations. Penicillamine-induced MG anti-AChR differed from that in age-matched MG controls but was similar to that in young onset cases. The variable and heterogeneous antigenic specificity in MG suggests that AChR itself rather than a cross-reacting epitope is the primary antigen. Differences in specificity between MG subgroups may reflect a diversity of triggering factors or of immunoglobulin genes. PMID- 3155154 TI - V genes usage by autoantibodies and their polymorphism in autoimmune mice. PMID- 3155155 TI - Absence of anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 3155156 TI - Proliferative activity in the proximal and distal colon of the rat after fasting and refeeding. AB - Several methods were used to assess proliferation of colonocytes in the proximal and distal colon of the rat after fasting and refeeding. Those applied in vivo included metaphase arrest, labelling with bromodeoxyuridine and uptake of tritiated thymidine. The latter two techniques were also applied after isolation of colonocytes in vitro. Methods applied in vivo showed similar proliferation in the proximal and distal colon after fasting and enhanced proliferation in both regions after refeeding. However, the degree of enhancement was greater in the distal colon than in the proximal colon. In vitro, proliferation was enhanced in both the proximal and distal colon after refeeding but the degree of variability was greater than after assessment in vivo. Methods applied in vivo are preferred for assessment of proliferative activity in the rat colon, and major changes in proliferation in both proximal and distal colon can be induced by fasting refeeding. PMID- 3155157 TI - B lymphocyte/carcinoma antigen (BLCa): functional study in B cells. AB - BLCa is an antigen expressed on the surface of B lymphocytes and certain carcinomas. In this study we have demonstrated that BLCa is distinct from known B cell antigens classified by 'clusters of differentiation' (CD). In particular, the monoclonal antibody MA6, which identifies BLCa, can be distinguished from antibodies of the CDw40 group, which detect an antigen of similar molecular weight expressed also on B cells and certain carcinomas. The expression of BLCa on B cells was measured as tonsil B cells were activated (by anti-Ig and interleukin-4 (IL-4)), induced to proliferate (by low molecular weight B Cell Growth Factor (LMW-BCGF), and induced to differentiate (by B Cell Differentiation Factor, BCDF). Expression of BLCa increased in response to LMW-BCGF. The effect of inclusion of MA6 antibody in cultures with the B cell stimuli was also investigated. MA6 showed an anti-proliferative effect which was antibody-dose dependent, but did not otherwise inhibit or co-operate with anti-Ig. IL-4, LMW BCGF or BCDF. PMID- 3155158 TI - Immunoradiometric assay for the rapid detection of HLA-B27. AB - A new method for the rapid detection of the HLA-B27 antigen is discussed which consists of a direct immunoradiometric assay (IRA) utilizing a 125I-labelled, HLA B27 specific monoclonal antibody to detect HLA-B27 in whole citrated blood. Thus far, the assay has been used to assign HLA-B27 status in a population study involving 142 individuals; 36 subjects were HLA-B27+ by conventional microcytotoxicity and all 36 were detected by the new IRA and all 106 B27- individuals were also accurately assigned by IRA. The problem of detection of the cross-reactive HLA antigen HLA-B7 was overcome by blocking the reactive sites on HLA-B7 molecules with the HLA-B7 specific antibody, BB7.1. This new assay enables accurate detection of HLA-B27 within 30 min of venepuncture and should facilitate the assessment of HLA-B27 status in tissue typing laboratories. PMID- 3155159 TI - Murine candidiasis: strain dependence of host responses after immunization. AB - After recovery from acute infection with live Candida albicans, both CBA/H and BALB/c mice show increased resistance to colonization by the organism. However, the 'susceptible' CBA/H mice develop much stronger protective responses than do 'resistant' BALB/c mice. This is manifested particularly as a substantial amelioration of the severity of the lesions in the brain, and a very marked reduction in the number of fungal units therein. Analysis of granulocyte function in normal and immune mice of the two strains tended to exclude this as a basis for the different patterns of susceptibility and resistance. PMID- 3155160 TI - Production of a polyspecific human monoclonal antibody reacting with an epidermal antigen. AB - A clone of cells secreting an antibody to an epidermal antigen was generated from a patient with a blistering skin lesion. Although produced by fusion of human lymphocytes to a HAT-sensitive myeloma, this clone of cells did not have characteristics of a hybridoma. A true hybridoma was produced by fusion of this clone to a HATr/ouabain(r) myeloma line. The IgM antibody secreted by this clone reacted with the intercellular region of the epidermis of normal human skin in a manner similar to pemphigus autoantibodies. In addition, in normal human kidney the antibody bound to glomeruli and tubules. It also reacted with an antigen present in the cytoplasm of a wide variety of cell lines including epithelial, lymphoid and myeloid types. No reaction was found with the surface of any of the cell lines, nor with DNA or phospholipid antigens. This monoclonal antibody may define an autoantibody specificity which mediates some autoimmune skin lesions. Its polyspecificity is reminiscent of some other human hybridoma autoantibodies, and its reaction with components of the kidney suggests an alternative pathology for renal disease in such patients. PMID- 3155162 TI - [Proximal gastric vagotomy]. PMID- 3155161 TI - Immunobiological relationships between Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio cholerae enterotoxins. AB - A total of 26 strains of Vibrio fluvialis was included in this study, which were isolated from patients with diarrhoea and other sources. The GM1 enzyme linked immunosorbent assays performed with the culture filtrates of V. fluvialis yielded negative results, indicating that their receptor site is different from that of the known labile toxin. The cholera antitoxin failed to neutralize the skin permeability factor activities of all the V. fluvialis culture filtrates and none of the concentrated culture filtrates gave any precipitin band, when tested against the cholera antitoxin in Ouchterlony's gel diffusion test. These observations suggest that the toxin of V. fluvialis differs from the known cholera toxin in receptor site, mode of action and antigenicity. PMID- 3155163 TI - [Neoplasms of Vater's papilla. Diagnosis and surgical treatment]. PMID- 3155164 TI - [Our current approach in radical surgery of cancer of the colon and rectum]. PMID- 3155165 TI - [Our experience in the treatment of carcinoma of the male breast]. PMID- 3155166 TI - [Volvulus of the gallbladder]. PMID- 3155168 TI - [Torsion of wandering spleen. Considerations on a clinical case]. PMID- 3155170 TI - [Possible course of subcapsular spleen rupture: the occult spleen rupture syndrome]. PMID- 3155167 TI - [A case of "giant" cyst of the ovary]. PMID- 3155169 TI - [Carcinoma of the gallbladder: presentation of 6 clinical cases and review of the literature]. PMID- 3155172 TI - [Crohn disease of the colon]. PMID- 3155171 TI - [Relationship of entity and quality of newly formed fluids, type of surgical technic, acute and chronic nature of inflammation and changes in adipose body mass of the patient in 106 planned cholecystectomies. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3155173 TI - [Pancreatico-jejunal anastomosis after excision: when and how to do it]. PMID- 3155174 TI - [Telescopic pancreatico-jejunostomy after duodeno-cephalopancreatectomy. Original proposal for reconstruction using an interposed loop]. PMID- 3155175 TI - [Management of the stump in radical surgery of the pancreas: the mechanic suture]. PMID- 3155176 TI - [Pancreatico-jejunal anastomosis with drainage of Wirsung's duct after duodeno cephalopancreatectomy]. PMID- 3155177 TI - [Total pancreatectomy: is it a technical variation of duodeno cephalopancreatectomy?]. PMID- 3155178 TI - [Management of the residual pancreatic stump after duodeno- cephalopancreatectomy]. PMID- 3155179 TI - [Termino-terminal pancreatico-jejunal anastomosis using invagination after duodeno-cephalopancreatectomy]. PMID- 3155180 TI - [Cancer of the breast: are there still indications for mastectomies?]. PMID- 3155182 TI - [Experimental study on healing of mechanic esophago-gastric sutures: histo morphologic observations]. PMID- 3155181 TI - [Gastro-resection with reconstruction by a totally mechanized Roux method]. PMID- 3155183 TI - Liver transplantation in the rat: different personal techniques using cuffs for venous vascular anastomoses. PMID- 3155184 TI - [Duodenal recanalization by the Roux-en-Y loop method]. PMID- 3155185 TI - [Diverticulum of the male urethra associated with calculosis. A clinical contribution]. PMID- 3155187 TI - [Cancer of the gastric stump: considerations on our caseload]. PMID- 3155186 TI - Not radiation-induced osteosarcoma following bilateral retinoblastoma. Report of a sporadic case. PMID- 3155188 TI - [Immediate and long-term follow-up of cholecystectomized patients. Personal observations]. PMID- 3155189 TI - [Splenectomy: elective therapy in hereditary spherocytosis]. PMID- 3155190 TI - [Somatostatinoma]. PMID- 3155191 TI - [The use of human fibrin glue in abdominal surgery]. PMID- 3155193 TI - [Insertion of Hickman catheter for bone marrow transplant]. PMID- 3155192 TI - [Suture materials for inguinal hernia in adults]. PMID- 3155195 TI - [Hamartoma of the Brunner's glands. Observations on a case treated using Laser CO2]. PMID- 3155196 TI - [Pulmonary excision: long-term outcome]. PMID- 3155194 TI - [Oxygen free radicals in the pathogenesis of postoperative peritoneal adhesions. The role of aminophylline]. PMID- 3155197 TI - [Physiopathological aspects of bone tissue in hyperparathyroidism. Pre- and postoperative evaluation of several parameters]. PMID- 3155198 TI - [Clinico-radiologic diagnosis and treatment of duodenal diverticulum. Our experience contribution]. PMID- 3155199 TI - [A case of extra-abdominal desmoid fibromatosis]. PMID- 3155200 TI - [A case of recurrent idiopathic hemoptysis]. PMID- 3155201 TI - [Echo-guided percutaneous drainage: a valid alternative to the surgical treatment of fluid-containing masses of the upper abdomen]. PMID- 3155202 TI - [Clinico-echotomographic study of pancreatic pseudocyst. A case contribution]. PMID- 3155203 TI - [A rare case of single metastasis of papillary carcinoma of the excretory tract treated with surgical therapy only]. PMID- 3155204 TI - [Clinico-therapeutic considerations on arterial embolism of the legs]. PMID- 3155205 TI - [Validity and limitations of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: our experience]. PMID- 3155206 TI - [Importance of the associated carotid and coronary lesions in interventions of revascularization of the aorto-iliac area]. PMID- 3155207 TI - [Cytoprotective activity of anti-ulcer drugs in humans]. PMID- 3155209 TI - [Surgical physiopathology: the most rational way to practice surgery today]. PMID- 3155208 TI - [Surgical treatment and prevention of sexual impotence in aorto-iliac reconstructive surgery]. PMID- 3155210 TI - [Aneurysms of the femoral artery]. PMID- 3155211 TI - [Clinico-statistical findings on 200 moulds of femoral bifurcations from subjects over 75 years of age that died from various causes]. PMID- 3155212 TI - [Diagnostic imaging in the treatment of hepatic hydatid cysts]. PMID- 3155213 TI - [New prospects in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. Description of a case with remarkable clinico-pathologic regression]. PMID- 3155214 TI - [Schwannoma of the rectum]. PMID- 3155215 TI - [Cancer of the gallbladder: our experience from 1981 to 1986]. PMID- 3155216 TI - [Window hepatojejunostomy of the left lobar duct in sclerosing cholangitis]. PMID- 3155217 TI - [Gastrointestinal metastasis of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 3155218 TI - [Mechanical staplers in total gastrectomy]. PMID- 3155219 TI - [Use of a new synthetic monobactam in septic abdominal surgery]. PMID- 3155221 TI - [134 liver transplants: experience of the group at the Paul Brousse Hospital]. PMID- 3155220 TI - [Crohn disease: current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches]. PMID- 3155222 TI - [Digestive system involvement in scleroderma: a rare cause of intestinal pseudo obstruction]. PMID- 3155223 TI - [Long-term results of the surgical treatment of Werlhof's disease]. PMID- 3155224 TI - [Multiple primary tumors of the breast: our experience]. PMID- 3155226 TI - [Semi-closed thromboendarterectomy: description of a technical device]. PMID- 3155225 TI - [Association of pseudohypoparathyroidism and skin melanoma: description of a case]. PMID- 3155227 TI - [Technical advances in liver surgery]. PMID- 3155228 TI - [Cancer of the breast: radical surgery]. PMID- 3155229 TI - [The ileocecal junction]. PMID- 3155230 TI - [Reinterventions on the bile ducts]. PMID- 3155231 TI - [Reinterventions on secondary calculosis of the common bile duct after cholecystectomy]. PMID- 3155232 TI - [Reinterventions in bilio-digestive anastomosis]. PMID- 3155233 TI - [Reinterventions on the bile ducts: our experience]. PMID- 3155234 TI - [Residual cystic duct: a frequent cause of reintervention of the bile ducts]. PMID- 3155235 TI - [Reinterventions on the bile ducts]. PMID- 3155236 TI - Bacterial endocarditis in a child with a Broviac catheter. AB - Broviac and Hickman catheters facilitate the care of children with cancer but provide a source of potential infection. We describe a child with a Broviac catheter who developed left-sided bacterial endocarditis in whom right-to-left atrial shunting was documented following catheter flushing. Following removal of the catheter and administration of prolonged intravenous antibiotics, recovery was complete and cardiac function returned to normal. PMID- 3155237 TI - Central venous catheter with subcutaneous injection port (Port-A-Cath): clinical experience with children. AB - Long-term intermittent venous access was established in 26 children by means of a central venous catheter (CVC) with a subcutaneous injection port (Port-A-Cath) (PAC). As of December, 1985, PACs had been in place for 20-750 days (cumulative 10,890 days) with 647 entries into the system. The PACs were used for blood sampling and administration of chemotherapy, antibiotics, fluids, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and blood products. One patient with sever neutropenia (absolute neutrophil granulocyte count [ANC] less than 0.1 x 10(9)/L) at the time of the PAC implant developed an infection around the port after 2 days, with subsequent septicemia (Bacillus cereus) necessitating removal of the PAC. Otherwise, no definite PAC-related infections occurred, including 258 days of neutropenia (ANC less than 0.5 x 10(9)/L). Two PACs were found occluded with greyish deposits of fat and organic material after long-term (45 and 61 days) continuous TPN and were removed. Malposition of catheter, extravasation, thrombosis, and other potential technical or psychological complications were not observed. The children continued normal activities, and the easy venous access decreased emotional stress during treatment. Local doctors were trained to use the PACs, with which they administered maintenance chemotherapy. We conclude that the use of PACs in children is safe, even in the first year of life, and has many advantages when compared with other CVCs currently in use. Strict indications, meticulous implantation technique, and adequate handling are, however, mandatory. PMID- 3155238 TI - An overdose of vincristine. PMID- 3155239 TI - Neurofibromatosis in children with soft tissue sarcoma. AB - Case records of the 157 children with soft tissue sarcoma in the Manchester Children's Tumour Registry diagnosed between 1954 and 1983 were reviewed for reference to diagnostic features of neurofibromatosis (NF). Interviews were carried out with 124 families of these children. Four children in the series were identified as having NF. All four were boys, very young at diagnosis, and had rhabdomyosarcomas of the bladder or prostate. In addition, there were indications that a further nine children may have been affected. It is suggested that NF may be more common in children with soft tissue sarcoma than previously thought and that clinicians should be alert for signs and symptoms of NF in such children and their families. Affected children may be at increased risk of developing further malignancies. PMID- 3155240 TI - Treatment of acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP): cooperative Italian study group results. AB - A cooperative Italian study group on acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP) has been designed to evaluate efficacy and safety of no treatment at the onset of the disease and sequential treatment with immunoglobulin and high dose steroid. One hundred thirty-eight patients with AITP entered in the trial. Eleven patients were treated before the end of the waiting period because of bleeding. One hundred twenty-seven (92%) received no treatment for the first 10 days of the disease, 65 patients (51.18%) recovered spontaneously, 62 patients were treated with immunoglobulin, and 52 (83.8%) of them responded positively but only 36 (58.06%) permanently. There was no statistical difference between the results obtained with 400 mg/kg for 5 days versus 200 mg/kg. Twenty-four patients were treated with high doses of steroids, 20 (83.3%) with positive response, and 10 (41.66%) were permanently cured. Four (3.14%) of the patients enrolled in the protocol still had active disease at the end of treatment, and 10 relapsed within 4 months after the end of the treatment. PMID- 3155241 TI - Nutrition, infection, and morbidity in leukemia. AB - Seven of the 25 children with acute leukemia were malnourished on admission. Of the 11 children who presented with fever, 6 had protein energy malnutrition and a bacterial infection was confirmed. They had a lower total leucocyte count. Out of 18 well-nourished children, 5 presented with a fever and the causative organism was isolated in 1 patient. There were more patients with a palpable liver in the malnourished group, and they had a high morbidity due to infections during remission induction. PMID- 3155242 TI - Kasabach-Merritt syndrome: successful management of coagulopathy with heparin and cryoprecipitate. PMID- 3155243 TI - Decreased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in minimal change nephrotic syndrome. AB - Secondary IgG response to a tetanus toxoid booster and in vitro measurement of immunoglobulin synthesis, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) production were evaluated in 20 healthy controls and in 17 children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), during the acute nephrotic phase and 6 months after remission. Defective responses were observed in all but IFN-gamma production during the acute nephrotic phase; these improved with disease remission. There was a significant correlation between decreases in vitro IgG production and ADCC reaction. These data indicate that defective antibody production is associated with decreased ADCC during the acute nephrotic phase of MCNS. PMID- 3155244 TI - "A cat burglar": an unusual reason for growth failure despite nocturnal nasogastric feedings in a uremic child. PMID- 3155245 TI - [Isoimmunization to Kell factor, during pregnancy]. PMID- 3155246 TI - [von Willebrand's disease in obstetrics. Clinical experience]. PMID- 3155247 TI - [Multicenter clinical study of levonorgestrel contraceptive implants]. PMID- 3155248 TI - [Activity of endopeptidase and other brush border enzymes in peroral biopsy of the jejunum in malabsorption syndromes]. PMID- 3155249 TI - [Proteins and amino acids: features and fulfillment of requirements with Latin American diets]. AB - Diets must supply enough nitrogen and essential amino acids to satisfy human needs. A diet's protein quality is associated to its digestibility, amino acid composition, protein concentration and dietary and preparation factors that enhance or reduce essential amino acid and protein bioavailability. Dietary energy intake also affects the utilization efficiency of dietary proteins. Protein quality of Latin American diets varies between countries and between socioeconomic groups in a given country. Most poor and lower-middle income persons consume diets with strong predominance of vegetable proteins. These diets are usually bulky, with relatively low protein concentration and energy density, and sometimes do not provide enough of one or more essential amino acids. In some countries and in some population groups, over 50% of the dietary proteins are of animal origin. This may be a risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Protein quality of Latin American diets, however, can be improved by modifying the proportions of some foods in order to achieve amino acid complementation, increase protein concentration and, in some instances, increase digestibility. Examples of diets that are satisfactory for preschool children and adults are given. Nevertheless, improvement of the overall nutritional quality of the diets is of foremost importance, so that they may provide the energy and all essential nutrients required for humans. PMID- 3155251 TI - Going for a dip? PMID- 3155253 TI - [Ultra-short intestine in infants]. PMID- 3155250 TI - [Lactose tolerance and milk consumption: myths and realities]. AB - The disaccharide lactose, the principal carbohydrate of animal milks, requires the enzyme lactase to split it to glucose and galactose. Undigested lactose passes to the colon where fermentation produces hydrogen and short-chain fatty acids that can cause abdominal distention, pain and sometimes diarrhea. Persistence of intestinal lactase after early childhood, is inherited as a highly penetrant autosomal dominant genetic characteristic. On the basis of a review of over 560 references, all available data on the primary loss of intestinal lactase in Latin American populations are presented in tabular form. Prevalence of lactose non-digesters in Latin American populations ranges from 45% to 100%. However, this is not a reliable predictor of the acceptability of milk and milk products containing lactose. Milk is being used successfully for the supplementary feeding of children worldwide, and most lactose non-digesters can tolerate at least 240 ml of milk or the lactose equivalent in other products. Lactose maldigestion does not interfere with the absorption of the protein and essential micronutrients in milk. Information is provided on the lactose content of milk and milk products, on the usual milk consumption of Latin American populations, and on worldwide experimental and field observations of milk acceptability. Both adaptation to continued use of milk and milk products and relationships of milk use to various disease states in which intestinal lactase activity may be reduced are discussed. Some types of yoghurts are better tolerated because of the lactase activity of the bacteria used in their fermentation. For unusually intolerant individuals commercial enzyme preparations are available for addition to milk products but for most persons the additional cost is unnecessary. PMID- 3155252 TI - Association of viruses with antigen-presenting cells: implications for the outcome of infection. AB - When a virus enters a host, there is resistance to infection in the form of innate and specific immunity. Central to generating the immune responses are the antigen-presenting cells found within the main body compartments. The varied interactions between viruses and antigen-presenting cells may be crucial in the control of infection or the production of disease. PMID- 3155254 TI - Immunological abnormalities in a child with constitutional aplastic anemia. AB - This case report describes a child with severe constitutional hypoplastic anemia and Seckel's syndrome. Immunological analysis on mononuclear peripheral blood cells revealed an abnormally low ratio of T-helper to T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells and a highly increased number of HLA-DR-positive T suppressor/cytotoxic cells. Interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 production by mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells was slightly reduced, and no spontaneous production of these lymphokines was seen. The immunological abnormalities demonstrated in this case of constitutional aplastic anemia may indicate common features with acquired aplastic anemia. PMID- 3155255 TI - Effects of methotrexate on rabbit testes. Part 2: Hormonal changes. AB - Thirty mature and peripubertal male rabbits were examined for endocrine function and tissue methotrexate (MTX) concentration after single (57.5 mg/kgBW, group 1) and repeated (6 mg/kgBW, once a week for 14 weeks, group 2) MTX doses. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and androstenedione plasma levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). We found elevated plasma FSH levels in both groups. Elevated plasma androstenedione level and reduced plasma testosterone level in group 2 suggest an enzymatic defect in the gonadal steroid synthesis. Unchanged LH plasma level, when compared to controls, is thought to be the result of a combined effect of MTX on the gonadal steroids and gonadotropin synthesis. PMID- 3155256 TI - Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency leading to accumulation of lymphocytes in S-phase. AB - Freshly isolated mononuclear cells of a patient with purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency contained 7-11% cells in S-phase. During treatment with deoxycytidine and tetrahydrouridine these cells disappeared from peripheral circulation, indicating that the in vivo accumulation of S-phase cells is caused by a shortage in deoxycytidine triphosphate. In vitro it was not possible to cause a blockade in S-phase by culturing normal or PNP-deficient lymphocytes in the presence of deoxyguanosine. PMID- 3155257 TI - [Assessment of anergy state using Multitest in surgically treated patients]. PMID- 3155258 TI - Inhibitory regulation of adenylyl cyclases. Evidence inconsistent with beta gamma complexes of Gi proteins mediating hormonal effects by interfering with activation of Gs. AB - The possible effect of cholera toxin (CTX) on hormonal inhibition of adenylyl cyclase in somatostatin (SST)-sensitive GH3 cells was quantitatively evaluated. The toxin treatment employed led to an essentially complete ADP ribosylation of all alpha s subunits of the stimulatory regulatory component (Gs) of the system and to ca. 5- to 7-fold increases in the activity measured, yet it failed to affect the inhibitory action of SST regardless of whether analyzed in terms of degree of inhibition (ca. 60%) that is attainable or in terms of the apparent Kact with which the inhibitory hormone elicits its action. In absolute terms the activity inhibited after CTX was ca. 6 times larger than that inhibited under control conditions, indicating that SST is equally effective in regulating control and CTX-stimulated adenylyl cyclase system and that interpretations are independent of possible intramembraneous compartmentalizations of adenylyl cyclase and its various regulatory components. Since CTX-mediated ADP ribosylation of the alpha-subunits of Gs has been demonstrated to result in an at least 10-fold decrease in the potency (i.e. EC50) with which the beta gamma complexes of G proteins act to stabilize preactivated purified alpha-subunits of Gs and in an approximately 300-fold decrease in the potency with which exogenously added beta gamma-complexes act to prevent activation of Gs in intact membranes, the present data indicate that beta gamma-complexes cannot be mediating the inhibitory effects of hormones by interfering with activation of the Gs of adenylyl cyclase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3155259 TI - Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of complementary deoxyribonucleic acid for the beta-subunit of rat follicle stimulating hormone. AB - To provide a hybridization probe for analysis of the regulation of rat gonadotropin subunit mRNA levels, an effort was made to isolate a cloned cDNA for the beta-subunit of rat FSH (FSH beta). Using a cloned bovine FSH beta cDNA as a hybridization probe, a rat pituitary lambda gt10 cDNA library was screened and a single, strongly hybridizing clone identified. The 874 base pair cDNA insert from this clone contains the complete sequence of rat FSH beta including an amino terminal precursor segment. Hybridization of this cloned cDNA to rat pituitary RNA demonstrated the presence of an approximately 2.0 kilobase RNA species containing FSH beta sequences. Cloned rat cDNA was also used to demonstrate that estrogen treatment of ovariectomized female rats results in decreases in mRNA concentrations for FSH beta and the beta-subunit of LH with somewhat smaller decreases in alpha-subunit mRNA concentrations. Little or no change was detected in the mRNA for the beta-subunit of TSH. PMID- 3155260 TI - Phosphatidylinositol depletion in GH3 rat pituitary cells inhibits sustained responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Reversal with myo-inositol. AB - TRH stimulation of rat pituitary (GH3) cells causes biphasic changes in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i) and PRL secretion. It has been proposed, based primarily on indirect evidence, that the first phase effects are mediated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, which releases Ca2+ from cellular stores, and the sustained effects are mediated by 1,2-diacylglycerol, which activates protein kinase C. To determine more directly if inositol lipid hydrolysis leading to protein kinase C activation is involved in the sustained effects of TRH, GH3 cells were depleted of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) by prestimulation and incubation in myo-inositol-free, Li(+)-containing medium. Cells depleted of PtdIns (to 53 +/- 3.2% of control) had unchanged PtdIns 4,5 bisphosphate content, and responded to TRH with a rapid elevation of inositol trisphosphate, and a first phase (or burst) elevation of [Ca2+]i and PRL secretion that was not different from that found in control cells. In contrast, in PtdIns-depleted cells, the prolonged generation of inositol phosphates, which are produced in equimolar amounts with 1,2-diacylglycerol, caused by TRH was virtually abolished, and the second phase (or sustained) elevation of [Ca2+]i and PRL secretion were inhibited by 50% and 40%, respectively. The inhibition of both sustained effects was reversed by adding 100 mM myo-inositol to the medium, which allowed for synthesis of PtdIns. Last, in cells in which protein kinase C was down-regulated by pretreatment with a phorbol ester, the sustained effects of TRH were inhibited also.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3155261 TI - Relative roles of calcium derived from intra- and extracellular sources in dynamic luteinizing hormone release from perifused pituitary cells. AB - GnRH releases LH from pituitary gonadotropes by a calcium-dependent mechanism. Previous studies in static cell cultures have not revealed a role for intracellular-derived calcium during GnRH-stimulated LH release. In the present study we have reexamined this possibility using a perifusion system, which permits a more dynamic assessment of early cellular events. Chelation of extracellular calcium by EGTA and calcium channel blockade by methoxyverapamil prevented sustained LH release. A component of early LH release occurred independently of extracellular calcium mobilization. This previously unrecognized aspect of LH release was shown to be dependent upon intracellular calcium. The molecular mechanism by which this calcium-dependent signal is translated into a cellular response does not appear to be mediated by calmodulin or protein kinase C, whereas sustained LH release appears mediated by calmodulin. While calcium derived from extracellular sources is still viewed as the major messenger for sustained LH release, these experiments provide evidence for the involvement of intracellular-derived calcium during early GnRH-stimulated LH release. PMID- 3155262 TI - Regulation by follicle-stimulating hormone of the synthesis of aromatase cytochrome P-450 in human granulosa cells. AB - The effects of FSH to increase the activity of aromatase, as well as the synthesis of the components of the aromatase enzyme complex, have been studied in human ovarian granulosa cells obtained from women undergoing oocyte retrieval. FSH increased aromatase activity, as well as the synthesis of aromatase cytochrome P-450 (P-450AROM) in a time-dependent fashion, whereas in the absence of FSH, both activity and synthesis declined with duration of culture. The effect of FSH was mimicked by forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase. FSH also increased the synthesis of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, but to a relatively modest extent. The levels of hybridizable mRNA species encoding cytochrome P 450AROM of lengths 3.0, 2.4, and 1.6 kilobases were also increased with FSH treatment. It is concluded that the regulation of aromatase activity by FSH in human granulosa cells is mediated primarily by changes in the synthesis of cytochrome P-450AROM, that this action of FSH is mediated by cAMP, and that the changes in cytochrome P-450AROM synthesis are the consequences of changes in the levels of mRNA encoding this enzyme. PMID- 3155263 TI - Adenosine diphosphate ribosylation of G proteins by pertussis and cholera toxin in isolated membranes. Different requirements for and effects of guanine nucleotides and Mg2+. AB - ADP ribosylation of membranes by pertussis toxin (PT) and cholera toxin (CT) was studied as a function of addition of ATP, various guanine nucleotides, Mg2+, and inorganic phosphate (Pi). ADP ribosylation of a 40 kilodalton (kDa) band by PT is markedly enhanced by ATP and GTP and is strongly inhibited by Pi or Mg2+. GTP analogs (GTP gamma S and GMP-adenyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate) were less effective. In contrast, ADP ribosylation of two substrates for CT (of 42 and 50 kDa) is stimulated by Pi, Mg2+, and GTP or GTP analogs such as GTP gamma S, but is unaffected by ATP. These stimulatory conditions correlate well with GTP-mediated activation of stimulated nucleotide-binding regulatory component of adenyl cyclase. Optimal conditions for ADP ribosylation by PT do not correlate simply with conditions thought to lead to stabilization of an inactive form of inhibitory nucleotide-binding regulatory component of adenyl cyclase (Gi) or Gi like protein; rather, the data suggest the involvement of both a stimulatory nucleotide site on PT (positively affected by either ATP or GTP) and a stabilizing site on the PT substrate (affected by GDP, GDP beta S, or GTP). Treatment of membranes with Lubrol PX increased ADP ribosylation by PT by as much as 25- to 30-fold, but inhibited the action of CT. Using defined conditions for ADP ribosylation by PT and CT, distinct labeling patterns were observed in thyroid, brain, corpus luteum, liver, heart, and erythrocytes membranes. All membranes were more intensely labeled by PT rather than CT. PMID- 3155264 TI - Incubation of bovine thyroid slices with thyrotropin is associated with a decrease in the ability of pertussis toxin to adenosine diphosphate-ribosylate guanine nucleotide regulatory component(s). AB - Pretreatment of bovine thyroid slices with TSH resulted in desensitization of TSH sensitive adenylyl cyclase activity but no change in stimulatory nucleotide binding regulatory component of adenylyl cyclase (Gs) activity assessed by reconstitution of the Gs-defective cyc-S49 adenylyl cyclase system. Possible changes in substrates for pertussis toxin (PT)-induced ADP ribosylation due to TSH treatment and/or in endogenous ADP ribosylation of membrane proteins were explored. Using 10 microM [32P]NAD+ as substrate, endogenous ADP ribosylation was not observed in membranes from control or TSH-treated slices. ADP ribosylation of alpha-subunits of Gs by cholera toxin was also unaffected by incubation of thyroid slices with TSH. In contrast, ADP ribosylation of 40 kilodalton (kDa) substrates for PT was decreased between 40% and 60% by TSH treatment. This effect of TSH was dependent on its concentration and the time of incubation of the slices and was specific for labeling of the 40 kDa PT substrate. Prostaglandin E1 treatment of thyroid slices, which results in a much smaller homologous desensitizing effect, did not result in changes in ADP ribosylation by PT. The effect of incubation of slices with TSH was abolished by pretreatment of the membranes with 0.3-1.0% Lubrol PX, which increased the labeling of the 40 kDa polypeptides. The data suggests that TSH induces in thyroid tissue a redistribution of 40 kDa polypeptides changing their availability to PT. PMID- 3155266 TI - [Catheter infection]. PMID- 3155267 TI - [Functional reinstillation of lost digestive fluids]. PMID- 3155265 TI - Significant steroidogenic activity of luteinizing hormone is maintained after enzymatic removal of oligosaccharides. AB - Several reports have described the destruction of the N-linked oligosaccharides on glycoprotein hormones by hydrogen fluoride treatment and have noted the accompanying marked reduction, or complete loss, in biological activity. This has led to the concept that the oligosaccharides have an obligatory role in glycoprotein hormone steroidogenic function. Using a less radical and more complete method for removing sugar units, endoglycosidase treatment and ovine LH (oLH) and human LH (hLH) as examples, we examined the role of oligosaccharides in hormone function. Ovine LH and hLH were digested with endoglycosidase F. After treatment cleavage of oligosaccharides was demonstrated by compositional studies, greater than 87% cleavage was demonstrated and only N-acetylglucosamine or N acetylglucosamine-Fucose shown to remain attached to the peptide, by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (appropriate size change) and by chromatofocusing (appearance of a single basic peak). Biological activities and relative potencies of preparations were then assessed in an in vitro assay, in which the ability of samples to promote testosterone production by testicular interstitial cells was measured. Although endoglycosidase F treatment reduced relative potencies 2- to 3-fold in the bioassay, (possibly in part due to subunit dissociation) it did not lessen abilities to induce maximal testosterone response (that of native hLH and oLH). These findings contrast with those obtained from hydrogen fluoride studies and indicate that the oligosaccharides, per se, do not play an obligatory role in the steroidogenic activity of LH. PMID- 3155268 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa and cystic fibrosis: unusual bacterial adaptation and pathogenesis. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an adaptable, saprophytic bacterium with the potential to cause a variety of opportunistic infections in compromised hosts. In patients with cystic fibrosis, chronic pulmonary colonization with mucoid alginate producing mutants of P. aeruginosa is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is an interesting example of microbial adaptation and host-bacterium interaction. PMID- 3155269 TI - The Animal Virus Research Institute, Pirbright, UK. PMID- 3155270 TI - The myxobacteria: common organisms with uncommon behaviour. AB - The gliding myxobacteria, common and easily obtainable soil organisms, exhibit a fascinating social organization which culminates in the formation of fruiting bodies by an ordered cooperation of hundreds of thousands of cells. Inside the fruiting body, the vegetative cells transform themselves into dormant myxospores. The myxobacteria have become potent model systems for studying morphogenetical problems at the prokaryotic organizational level, particularly since the methods of modern genetics now may be readily applied to them. PMID- 3155271 TI - Turning mesophiles into thermophiles. PMID- 3155273 TI - Taking toxins to pieces. PMID- 3155272 TI - Alginate production by the mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with cystic fibrosis. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important human pathogen. Mucoid, alginate producing strains are specifically selected in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis. Advances in our understanding of the biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology of alginate synthesis in these organisms is discussed. PMID- 3155274 TI - Towards new leprosy and tuberculosis vaccines. AB - Leprosy and tuberculosis are chronic infectious diseases causing major global health problems, for which no effective control by vaccination has been achieved. Recent advances in biotechnology may facilitate the design of a new vaccine generation. In this paper the need for, and the potential of, leprosy and tuberculosis vaccines are discussed. PMID- 3155275 TI - A new topical antibacterial agent. PMID- 3155276 TI - Dependent sequences of gene expression controlling spore formation in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis is a simple form of differentiation that involves the formation of a two-cell organism; mother cell and prospective spore. It is regulated by at least 50 operons, some mono- and some polycistronic. These are expressed in a dependent sequence which branches at an early stage so that there are independent lines of expression in both cells; further ramifications then occur in both cell compartments. Three DNA-binding proteins and two sigma factors have so far been identified as probable regulators of the dependent sequence. Most of the operons of the sequence are expressed in the first four hours and the last two stages occur mainly by self-assembly of proteins. PMID- 3155277 TI - Virus vector-mediated gene transfer. AB - A wide variety of different animal virus groups have been employed to develop virus vector systems for delivery of foreign genes into a host cell or animal. The minimal requirements for a virus vector, replication, packaging and assembly functions, have been defined and both defective and viable virus vectors may be produced. Signals that provide cell or tissue specificity, high rates of transcription, RNA processing, translational controls or specific localization of the foreign gene product into a cellular compartment are all now possible. The combination of safety, specificity and high levels of production make virus vectors a leading choice for the expression of foreign genes in experimental and commercial applications. PMID- 3155278 TI - [Medicaments used for pulpotomy of primary teeth]. PMID- 3155279 TI - Accuracy in the noninvasive estimation of pulmonary blood flow by identification of the CO2 uptake system. AB - Estimation of pulmonary blood flow, controlled by a roller pump, was carried out in dogs using a system identification technique. The system parameters in a linearized CO2 uptake model were estimated by the maximum-likelihood method from the input consisting of alveolar ventilation and inspired pCO2 and the output of end-tidal pCO2. The auto- and cross-correlations of the residuals showed that the model used for estimation was appropriate. The pulmonary blood flow calculated from the system parameters contained a degree of error which showed an average coefficient of variation of 23.8%. Error analysis revealed that the main sources of error lay in the estimates and in the error-magnifying effect arising in the calculation of the flow from these estimates. Reduction of the error in the estimates requires a long set of data for estimation; on the other hand, the error-magnifying effect is determined by physiological constants, so that it cannot be small even in clinical application. PMID- 3155280 TI - [Immunoglobulin estimation of saliva and serum according to dental caries degree]. AB - In seven individuals without dental caries, thirteen with low degree caries (LDC) experience and twelve with high degree (HDC) were determined the mean levels of the serum's IgA, IgG and IgG/IgA and also the IgA of the saliva. In the group without dental caries the levels of IgG, IgA and IgG/IgA were higher than in the two other groups. The differences were not significant (p greater than 0.1) except the mean level of IgG (19.47 +/- 1.66) where it was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in the group without dental caries (14.6 +/- 1.1). A reverse change of the immunoglobulins' levels were observed in relation to the dental caries degree (p greater than 0.1). In group LDC with dental alloy the ratio of IgG/IgA (4.69 +/- 0.39) were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than in the LDCs without prosthesis (7.42 +/- 0.92). Also in the group HDC with prosthesis the IgA levels (3.17 +/- 0.15) were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in the HDCs without prosthesis (2.06 +/- 0.25). The estimation of immunoglobulins were made with radial immunodiffusion. The dental caries degree was characterized by the caries area of the existed teeth. The differentiation of the immunoglobulins' mean levels in relation to the degree of dental caries and the preexisting of dental alloy is discussed. PMID- 3155281 TI - [Expenditures for dental care in Greece. Comparison with other countries]. AB - The health expenditures in developed countries show a remarkable increase over the last two decades representing 7-10% of their G.N.P. In Greece, the public health expenditures amounted to an average of 3.5% of the G.N.P. for the period 1977-1983. The private sector represents a very significant component, amounting to 2.4% of the G.N.P. Dental health expenditures in Greece are considered significantly low. They account 2% of the total health expenditures. For comparison, in other developed countries this percentage is quite higher of the order of 5 to 10%. It follows that there is a great need to increase the dental health expenditures in Greece so that the needs for dental treatment of the population can be met more easily achieved by increasing the emphasis of the dental care in preventive measures starting especially with the younger segment of the population. PMID- 3155282 TI - Effects of changes in brain 5-HT activity on indicators of cortical arousal. AB - Clinical studies on fluoxetine have reported occasional symptoms of increased fatigue in depressed patients. On the other hand, experimental studies in healthy subjects have demonstrated evidence for fluoxetine-induced increases in cortical arousal. The present placebo-controlled study with 24 healthy subjects was designed to answer the following questions: Does fluoxetine increase measures of cortical arousal and decrease feelings of alertness, and does the 5HT2 receptor blocker ritanserin produce inverse effects to fluoxetine? Analyses of covariance revealed the following results: Fluoxetine produced a slight increase, ritanserin a marked decrease in critical flicker fusion frequency. Time perception was slightly improved by both drugs. Self-ratings on alertness and energy were significantly reduced by both fluoxetine and ritanserin as compared to placebo. Effects for fatigue were increased accordingly. Possible underlying neurophysiological mechanisms and specificity of the effects for cortical as opposed to limbic arousal will be discussed. PMID- 3155283 TI - [Trial of use of CO2 laser for the excision of corneal grafts]. PMID- 3155285 TI - [Rare duodenal pathology of surgical significance: intraluminal diverticulum and compressive leiomyoma on duplication of the IVth portion]. PMID- 3155284 TI - [Dopaminergic system in the retina of rabbits and its interaction with TRH]. PMID- 3155286 TI - [Stapled sutures and parenteral nutrition in total gastrectomy]. PMID- 3155287 TI - [Use of a polymeric enteral diet in the preparation of the colon and rectum for surgery]. PMID- 3155288 TI - [On the clinical usefulness of a few sugar antigens and a galactosyl transferase]. AB - Using human cultured cell lines or lymphocytes, two kinds of murine- and one human-monoclonal antibodies were produced, respectively and their clinical usefulness were investigated, and the possibility of galactosyl-transferase as a new tumor maker was also discussed. (1) A murine monoclonal antibody MSN-1, which was raised against human endometrial cancer cell line and recognized blood type sugar chain Leb, reacted with about 85% of endometrial cancer tissues, indicating that useful clinical information may be obtained by applying MSN-1 to immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. (2) A new assay system using two murine monoclonal antibodies MA54 and MA61, which were raised against human lung cancer cell line and reacted with mucin sugar residues, revealed 76% positive rate in ovarian cancer patients, especially 82% in mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, indicating the clinical effectiveness as a new tumor maker compensating for the drawbacks of CA-125. (3) Galactosyl-transferase isozyme GT-2 was analyzed by the assay system using a newly produced monoclonal antibody. GT-2 was positive in 74% of ovarian cancers, especially in 89% of meso-nephroid cancer, indicating that GT 2 could be a useful tumor maker in ovarian tumors. (4) Human monoclonal antibody, which recognized "type 1 sugar chain" or iso-paragloboside, reacted about one half of endometrial cancer tissues. The production of human monoclonal antibody may contribute to the cancer imaging and the missile therapy. PMID- 3155289 TI - Humanistic care of the aged: the community perspective. PMID- 3155290 TI - Humanistic care of the aged: an acute care perspective. PMID- 3155291 TI - Cholesterolemic effects of the lysine/arginine ratio in rabbits after initial early growth. AB - The lysine/arginine ratio has been directly associated with serum cholesterol levels. Male, New Zealand rabbits with a mean weight of 2.1 kg were fed, ad libitum, one of three diets containing 14% vegetable oil and 20% protein from casein, soy or almonds with lysine/arginine ratios of 2.2, 0.9, or 0.3, respectively. At the end of three weeks for phase 1, the serum cholesterol level of the casein group (154 +/- 25 mg/dl, mean +/- SD) was twice the level and significantly greater (p less than 0.02) than either of the plant protein groups (soy 70 +/- 7, almond 78 +/- 6 mg/dl). During phase 2, the almond diet was supplemented with L-lysine to increase the lysine/arginine ratio from 0.3 to 3.0 while casein remained as the high, and soy the low lysine/arginine ratio control diets. Serum cholesterol levels remained high for the casein, and low for the soy groups, while lysine supplementation significantly increased (p less than 0.05) the serum cholesterol level in the almond protein group (from 78 +/- 6 to 101 +/- 10), but not greater than the casein group. Growth was similar for rabbits fed soy or casein diets throughout the study, but lower (p less than 0.02) for the almond group. Thus, growth rate was not related to the effect of dietary protein on levels of serum cholesterol. While there is a direct relationship between hypercholesterolemia and the absolute amount of dietary lysine and with the lysine/arginine ratio, the data suggest that this is only a partial explanation for the effect of proteins on the control of serum cholesterol levels. PMID- 3155293 TI - [Influence of aflatoxin B1 on growth of rats under various nutritional conditions]. AB - The effect of the addition of aflatoxin B1 was studied in 48 male, Sprague-Dawley rats weaned at 21 days of age. The animals of the experimental group received one of the following diets to which aflatoxin B1 was added (5 mg/kg ration), a protein-free diet, the regional basic diet of Northeast Brazil (RBD) containing 9.07% protein, and commercial casein diets (at 10 and 20%). The control groups were fed the same diets without aflatoxin B1. To detect possible body alterations, the body weight and food intake, as well as protein and aflatoxin B1 intakes were recorded. Significant alterations were detected in the experimental groups, especially in the protein-depleted animals, and in those fed the RBD and 10% commercial casein diets, when compared to their controls. PMID- 3155292 TI - [Use of sunflower (Helianthus annus, L.) in human foods. I. Preparation of sunflower flour, protein concentrate and supplementation of this flour with the amino acids lysine and methionine]. AB - In view of the importance that cultivation of sunflower (Helianthus annus, L.) has from both the industrial and scientific points of view, to promote its wide utilization in human foods, this study was undertaken for the following purposes. To obtain an edible sunflower seed meal, as well as well to determine the effect thermic treatment exerted on its nutritional qualities. To evaluate through chemical and biological analyses, the nutritional quality of the flour and of its thermic treatment, as well as of the sunflower seed protein concentrate. To supplement these flours with the amino acids lysine and methionine. Analysis of the results suggested the following conclusions: The sunflower seed obtained by thermic treatment has a higher protein value than when untreated. The flour thus treated is of better protein quality when supplemented with 0.34% lysine. The sunflower seed not subjected to thermic treatment, and supplemented with different levels of the amino acid methionine, did not improve the protein quality of the product. The protein concentrate of the sunflower seed shows a protein quality as well as a protein efficiency ratio (PER) relatively low, probably due to the lack of lysine. PMID- 3155294 TI - Glutaraldehyde-cross-linked meniscal allografts: clinical, gross, and histological results. AB - Osteoarthritic changes in the knee are often a late result of total meniscectomy. In cases of total resection, availability of a prosthetic meniscus might limit development of these changes. The objective of this research was to evaluate a glutaraldehyde-cross-linked medial meniscus as a morphologically and biologically compatible prosthesis in a canine model. Medial and lateral menisci were harvested from donor dogs, frozen in saline, and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Five host animals were selected and matched with donors. Glutaraldehyde-cross-linked medial menisci were implanted bilaterally in the stifle joints and one glutaraldehyde cross-linked lateral meniscus was implanted subcutaneously. Clinical results showed asymptomatic limb and joint usage during the 12 postoperative weeks. Gross and histological evaluations indicated acceptable biocompatibility. The subcutaneous implants were encapsulated with a thin fibrous tissue capsule that was only mildly inflamed. Within the joints, the anterior attachment and periphery were maintained in position by their sutures; however, there was dehiscence of the posterior suture in all cases. The articulating surfaces of the implants were intact. There was an initial loss in the quantity of proteoglycans following glutaraldehyde treatment, with significant recovery after implantation into the joints. There were significant degenerative changes (loss of proteoglycans and fibrillation) in the articular cartilage on the femoral condyle and tibial plateau most likely a result of the posterior attachment failure. It was concluded that glutaraldehyde-cross-linked meniscal allografts showed an acceptable degree of histocompatibility. However, failure of the posterior attachment interfered with testing the efficacy of the prosthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3155295 TI - Glutaraldehyde-cross-linked meniscal allografts: mechanical properties. AB - Removal of a severely damaged medial meniscus has been shown to lead to degradation of the articular cartilage and formation of degenerative arthritis. To counter this degenerative effect, meniscal prostheses, including glutaraldehyde-cross-linked allografts, have been evaluated in dogs. The purpose of this research was to quantify the mechanical properties of both fresh and glutaraldehyde-cross-linked canine medial menisci. Mechanical properties quantified were tensile strength, tensile modulus, and compressive stiffness. In addition, water content of compressive test samples was measured. Analysis of variance showed significantly lower tensile strength and tensile modulus and significantly higher compressive stiffness for the glutaraldehyde-cross-linked menisci, as compared to fresh specimens. Measurement of the weight percentage of water in fresh and cross-linked samples revealed no significant differences in water content. When implanted into a joint, the increased compressive stiffness could increase the peripheral tensile load. Due to the decreased tensile strength in this region, the prosthetic meniscus could be susceptible to peripheral tears. PMID- 3155296 TI - A study of several red cell enzyme markers in two samples of the Italian population. Report of new CA1 and PGD variant phenotypes. AB - Gene frequencies for 17 red cell enzymatic markers have been determined in two samples of the Italian population (Lombardy and Tuscany regions). A significant difference was found between the two samples for the AK1 and PGM1 systems (AK1*2 .028 and .044, PGM1*2 .254 and .301 in Lombardy and Tuscany respectively). Variant phenotypes, for PEPA, PEPB, CA2, PGM2, PGD and GPT markers, have been observed; some of these are due to new alleles occurring at the CA2 and PGD loci. PMID- 3155297 TI - Human MHC class III genes, BF and C4. Polymorphism, complotypes and HLA class I and II associations in the Lombardy population (Italy). AB - The polymorphisms of the fourth component of human serum complement and factor B (BF) (controlled by class III MHC genes) was investigated in a panel of 250 unrelated individuals from the Lombardy population, previously HLA typed (A, B, C, DR, DQ antigens) and in 25 families. Nine different alleles at the C4A and eight at the C4B loci were detected. At both loci, alleles without a gene product (i.e. "null alleles") were observed with high frequency: 8.2% for C4A "nulL" and 10% C4B "null". As expected from allele frequencies the most common haplotype was C4A*3, C4B*1 (52%). The most common BF alleles, BF*S and BF*F had a frequency of 77.7% and 17.7% respectively, while the gene frequencies of SO.7 and F1 were 2.9 and 0.9% respectively. The association of complotypes and HLA haplotypes was analysed in 50 chromosomes. The most common combination, defined by class I, II and III alleles was B35-S31-DR5 (11%) followed by B16(38)-S31-DR5 with a frequency of 6.5%. Two duplications at the C4B locus were detected. A new variant (C4A*X) strikingly faster than that of the C4A*6 product was identified in two related individuals (aunt and nephew). The practical advantages of complotype determination in disease association studies and in healthy population is discussed. PMID- 3155298 TI - Distribution of red cell blood group systems in Bai and Hani in China. AB - Two ethnic groups, Bai and Hani from Yunnan Province, South-West China, were examined for red cell blood group systems, including ABO, MNSs, Rhesus, Duffy, P, Diego, XG and Lewis. The samples, 200 for Bais and 212 for Hanis, were obtained from Jianchuan County and from Yuanjiang County respectively. PMID- 3155300 TI - [Female urethral diverticulum]. PMID- 3155299 TI - GH secretory dynamics and responsiveness to SMS 201-995 treatment in acromegaly. PMID- 3155301 TI - [Echosonography-guided intraperitoneal fetal transfusion]. PMID- 3155302 TI - [The resolution of the sinusoidal trace. A report of 2 cases]. PMID- 3155303 TI - [Liquid intake measurement based on deuterium dilution]. AB - Studies were carried out to ascertain methodological aspects and the validity of the deuterium dilution technique to determine maternal milk intake. Our study, conducted in 2-3 months-old normal infants, indicated that isotopic equilibrium is reached 6-8 hours after administration of an initial dose of 16.5% deuterium solution. Comparisons of liquid intake measured on a group of infants recovering from marasmic undernutrition, by the isotopic method and by direct recording of bottle-fed milk, revealed a good correlation of the respective values when the infants' body water was estimated using the Friis-Hansen formula. These findings suggest that the deuterium dilution technique is a valuable alternative to the current methods used to the measurement of maternal milk intake. PMID- 3155306 TI - A sense of style. PMID- 3155304 TI - Clinical electrophysiologic effects of flecainide acetate. AB - Flecainide acetate depresses the rate of depolarization of action potential (Vmax), the so-called "membrane stabilizing action." In the intact heart it has a unique profile of substantial effect on conduction with modest effect on refractoriness. After intravenous administration, clinical electrophysiologic studies show that conduction through atrial myocardium, atrioventricular (AV) node, His-Purkinje system, and ventricular myocardium is depressed, the most prominent effect being on the His-Purkinje system. Refractorines of the normal atrial and AV nodal myocardium is not prolonged while that of the ventricular muscle is slightly increased. Atrial fibrillation (60% to 70%), atrial tachycardia (90% to 100%), and nodal and AV tachycardia (80% to 90%) are generally terminated, while flutter is usually slowed, but in a small proportion of patients (10% to 20%) might be terminated by the intravenous use of flecainide acetate. This drug has also been shown to be effective in terminating stable ventricular tachycardia (70%). However, it appears to be slightly less effective in suppressing inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias. Administered orally, flecainide is very effective in decreasing ventricular ectopic activity (80% to 95%) and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Thus, flecainide has a wide range of antiarrhythmic properties, making it a useful agent in the management of a variety of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. In a small proportion of patients, however, its use can lead to apparent arrhythmogenic effects, the most dangerous being exacerbation of ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 3155307 TI - Dr. Michel Jahjah, the man behind the shows. PMID- 3155308 TI - The chairside assistant: an unsung heroine. PMID- 3155309 TI - Practice for sale! What are you buying? PMID- 3155305 TI - The costs and outcomes of kidney transplantation according to initial immunosuppressive drug protocol. PMID- 3155310 TI - Effective self-management. PMID- 3155311 TI - Patient management: knowing the rules. PMID- 3155313 TI - It's sooo easy.... PMID- 3155312 TI - Dismissal--there's a right way. PMID- 3155314 TI - Good design: the competitive edge. PMID- 3155315 TI - A longitudinal assessment of the health status of diabetic and nondiabetic renal transplant recipients. AB - This paper compares the health status of diabetic and nondiabetic renal transplant recipients. Data for the analysis were collected from 396 patients who received cadaveric transplants at 5 transplant centers in the United States. Health status was measured at several points in time, from 3 months to 15 months following transplantation. In addition to using several measures of perceived health status, 2 standardized health status measures--The Sickness Impact Profile and the Nottingham Health Profile--were used. The results of the study indicated that the health status of diabetic patients is lower than that of nondiabetic patients. Not surprisingly, nondiabetic patients are more satisfied with their health than are diabetic patients. The results of the study also showed that the health status of both diabetic and nondiabetic patients improves over time. However, with the exception of work disability, the improvement in the health status of transplant patients during the period from 3 to 12 months posttransplant is much greater for diabetic patients than for nondiabetic patients. PMID- 3155316 TI - Oral nitroglycerin in angina pectoris--evaluation of effect by computerized exercise testing using two different doses. AB - The antianginal effects of sustained-released oral nitroglycerin were evaluated in patients with chronic stable angina using a double-blind randomized protocol. Nineteen patients were inducted into the trial and 17 of these completed the study. Two doses of oral nitroglycerin were used; 2.6 mg and 6.5 mg given three times daily for a period of 2 weeks, the patients crossing over to the alternative dose at the end of each period. Evaluation of effect was carried out 2 hours after the morning dose using graded treadmill exercise testing with on line computer analysis of the electrocardiogram (EKG) (CASE, Marquette Electronics, Inc.). Various exercise parameters were measured and the results compared to placebo values and between the two dosages. The aim was to demonstrate an antianginal effect and to look for a dose-response relationship and for attenuation of effect if any on continued administration. The mean +/- SEM exercise time on placebo was 6.7 +/- 0.6 min, increasing to 8.6 +/- 8 min (p less than 0.02) with 2.6 mg tds dosage and 8.4 +/- 0.7 min (p less than 0.01) with 6.5 mg tds of oral nitroglycerin. None of the other exercise-derived indices were altered significantly by oral nitroglycerin. Two patients were withdrawn because of severe headaches and both were receiving the higher dose. The data did not demonstrate any dose-response relationship but confirmed the anti-anginal efficacy of sustained action oral nitroglycerin. This efficacy did not show any significant attenuation of effect on continued administration, indicating a possible lack of development of tolerance. PMID- 3155319 TI - The surgical management of orbitopalpebral neurofibromatosis. AB - Orbitopalpebral neurofibromatosis may cause severe soft tissue deformity. Exophthalmos is either due to an intraorbital mass or to the absence of the greater wing of the sphenoid (mesodermal dysplasia). Five patients are presented. Surgical procedures and craniofacial techniques are detailed and discussed. PMID- 3155318 TI - A randomized double-blind crossover study of nicardipine and nifedipine in patients with angina pectoris and concomitant essential hypertension. AB - The two dihydropyridine calcium antagonists, nicardipine and nifedipine, were compared in 12 patients with both stable angina pectoris and systemic hypertension using a double-blind, crossover protocol. After a 2-week placebo run in period, each patient was randomized to either nicardipine or nifedipine; each drug was titrated up to either blood pressure normalization, appearance of adverse effects, or maximal dosage (40 mg, three times a day with nicardipine and 30 mg, three times a day with nifedipine) and then administered for 4 weeks. Maximal symptom-limited exercise tests were performed at the end of the placebo run-in and each treatment period, 3 and 8 hours after drug administration. Nicardipine and nifedipine were used at the mean doses of 100 +/- 20 mg/day and 57 +/- 20 mg/day, respectively. Both drugs reduced, significantly and similarly, standing and supine blood pressure, frequency of anginal episodes, and nitroglycerin consumption. At 3 hours after drug administration, exercise duration and time to 1-mm ST depression increased significantly from 402 +/- 84 and 306 +/- 108 seconds, respectively, with placebo; to 533 +/- 135 and 442 +/- 138 seconds during nicardipine; and to 518 +/- 118 and 437 +/- 133 seconds during nifedipine, with a concomitant reduction of peak ST depression. Both submaximal and maximal exercise diastolic blood pressure were significantly reduced by the two calcium antagonists whereas systolic blood pressure was decreased only at submaximal but not at maximal exercise; the heart rate was not significantly modified by the two drugs at any exercise stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3155317 TI - Influence of atherosclerosis on vascular responsiveness in isolated rabbit vascular smooth muscle. AB - Coronary arteries and aortic rings were isolated from rabbits fed either a control diet or a high cholesterol (1 to 2%) diet for 8 to 11 weeks and studied for their vasoactive properties to a variety of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents. Perfused coronary arteries without intact endothelium constrict markedly to a thromboxane A2 agonist (i.e., carbocyclic thromboxane A2, CTA2) and dilate markedly to iloprost, a prostacyclin analog. No differences occurred between the coronary arteries isolated from control or atherosclerotic rabbits. Additional studies were conducted on rabbit aortic vascular smooth muscle rings containing functionally intact endothelium and in rings denuded of their endothelium. Acetylcholine (20 to 2000 ng/ml) neither constricted nor dilated control aortic rings without endothelium, and markedly dilated aortic rings with intact endothelium in a concentration dependent manner. In atherosclerotic aortic rings, acetylcholine constricted preparations without endothelium, and dilated rings with endothelium to a much lesser extent than that observed in control rings. Similar reductions in responsiveness occurred with adenosine diphosphate (ADP), another endothelium-dependent vasodilator, but not with iloprost, a nonendothelium-dependent dilator. No differences were observed in constrictor responses to norepinephrine. Aortae from atherosclerotic rabbits produced less prostacyclin in response to arachidonic acid than control aortae. These data point to an important role of the endothelium in modulating the vascular response to vasodilators in atherosclerotic rabbit arterial vessels. PMID- 3155320 TI - Rh and Duffy gene frequencies in Algeria. AB - The red blood cell phenotyping of Rh and Duffy systems in 4300 Algerian was carried out by using micro-methods. The gene frequencies were estimated for each of the 26 "wilayas" (regions) of the country. Whereas the frequency of the cDe haplotype increases from north to south, the frequency of cde seems to decrease in the same direction and that of CDe increases from west to south to east. The frequencies of FY*b follow an increasing southwest northeast gradient. The frequencies of FY* follow a decreasing gradient with the same pattern. cDe, cDE and cde frequencies are of Black African type, while CDe is of Europeans type. The Duffy alleles show frequencies which are intermediate between typical Negroid and Caucasoid frequencies. PMID- 3155321 TI - Induction of Ia antigens on synovial cells by gamma interferon. PMID- 3155322 TI - A case of monosomy-7 eosinophilic leukemia and neurofibromatosis, terminated with disseminated cryptococcosis. PMID- 3155323 TI - Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy for enteral nutrition. PMID- 3155324 TI - Platelet function and factor VIII in uremia. PMID- 3155327 TI - A rapid decline in external Ca2+ induces Ca2+ mobilization in bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells. AB - Bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells perifused with M 199 containing 1 mM Ca2+ showed a transient increase in 45Ca2+ when the external Ca2+ was decreased. The efflux observed in the presence of 100 nM angiotensin II was similar to that observed when the external Ca2+ was changed from 1 mM to 50 microM. This efflux is the result of the transient activation of the PIP2 hydrolysis with the subsequent production of inositol-trisphosphate. PMID- 3155326 TI - The relationship between the structures of four beta-lactamases obtained from Bacillus cereus. AB - Bacillus cereus has proved to be one of the most interesting microorganisms in the study of beta-lactamases. It secrets these enzymes very efficiently and, frequently, in multiple forms. Three different forms are produced by strain 569/H; mutant 5/B of the same microorganism is constitutive for the secretion of beta-lactamases I and II. The present study, based on secondary structure prediction by two independent methods, states the relationship among the structures of beta-lactamases I, II and III produced by B. cereus 569/H and beta lactamase I from the strain 5/B of this microorganism. A strong similarity is also established for the enzyme type III of B. cereus and the enzyme type I produced by B. licheniformis which could have an evolutionary explanation. A structural analysis of the leader peptide regions of these enzymes by the method of Mohana and Argos is also reported. PMID- 3155325 TI - The effect of long acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 in acromegaly. PMID- 3155328 TI - Marked Q-T prolongation due to encainide therapy. AB - Encainide is a type Ic antiarrhythmic agent. During encainide therapy, mild Q-T interval prolongation can be seen, usually associated with prolongation of the Q R-S interval. The present case report describes an unusual and marked prolongation of the Q-T interval with no Q-R-S interval prolongation in a patient who was treated with encainide for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. The drug metabolite profile in this patient's serum indicated an unusual elevation of the 3-methoxy-O-demethyl encainide metabolite, versus O-demethyl encainide. This elevated metabolite level suggests that 3-methoxy-O-demethyl encainide has a significant effect on prolongation of repolarization. An abnormal metabolism of encainide may be the underlying mechanism by which some patients would manifest an unusual prolongation of Q-T interval during encainide therapy. PMID- 3155329 TI - Analysis of early lymphocyte activation events by fluorescence polarization flow cytometry. AB - After short-term (up to 4 h) stimulation with mitogen or antigen, lymphocytes were incubated with fluorescein diacetate and the polarization of fluorescence from intracellular fluorescein was measured on a specially adapted FACS II. This flow cytofluorimetric method to assay early changes in activated lymphocytes gave a reproducible response to the mitogens phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin-A and the monoclonal antibody OKT3, recognized at 1 h by decreased polarization. A response by immune spleen cells to the antigen dinitrophenyl-ovalbumin was revealed at 4 h. The calcium ionophore A23187 induced an increase in polarization after only 10 min. The PHA polarization response was shown to be dependent on PHA binding, PHA dose, T cells, calcium ions and an intact cytoskeleton. The cellular events monitored by the polarization change are presumably altered fluidity of the probe's microenvironment due to conformational change in macromolecules to which the probe has bound or to dissociation of the probe into the aqueous phase. The fluorescein fluorescence polarization assay is a reliable and sensitive monitor of early lymphocyte activation events and, coupled with the use of a flow cytometer, permits study of particular subpopulations of responding cells. PMID- 3155330 TI - [Acute-phase reaction after inflammatory aggression. Experimental study]. AB - It is well known that inflammatory aggression makes important changes in plasma proteins levels. Among all of these proteins, C3 fragment of the complement system and haptoglobin, Acute Phase Reactants Proteins, are considered important mediators of the inflammatory response although their specific behaviour is not completely understood. In this work we have studied the modification of both proteins after an inflammatory aggression, which was experimentally induced in rats, trying to connect their behaviour with the lesion stages. Our data show that the plasmatic level of both proteins is increased during the inflammatory aggression, although haptoglobin level gives a more accurate approach to the local phenomenons which occur in the inflammatory focus. This fact suggests that each acute phase reactant has a certain specificity depending on the kind of aggression suffered by a patient. PMID- 3155331 TI - [Memory and aging: changes in the mammillary body and anterior thalamic nuclei due to age]. AB - Karyometric changes and variation of neuron number in mammillary body and anterior thalamic nuclei, dependent of the age, have been studied in humans and rats. The behaviour of the neurons number is very similar in all studied nuclei of both species: there is a constant and gradual loss of neurons from the first until the last period of the life. The intensity of the neuronal loss, however, is different according the nuclei and is more pronounced in rats than in humans. The evolution of the nuclear area of the human mammillary body is similar to that of the anterior thalamic nuclei: there is a significant decrease until the age of 60-70 years and then begins an increase up to the end of the life. This increase is more intense in the mammillary nuclei than in the thalamic ones. In rats, the behaviour of the mammillary nuclei is different to that of the anterior thalamic nuclei. In the mammillary body there is an increase of the nuclear are until 18 months of age, followed by a decrease until the end of the life. The anterior thalamic nuclei show a double inflexion: first, it appears a marked decrease of the nuclear area during the first 6 months, then the area remains unchanged until the age of 15 months, but from this period up to the end of the 2nd year undergoes an increase and, finally, during the 3 year shows a significant decrease. There is not a complete correlation between neuronal loss and nuclear area increase. Although the neuronal loss is constant during the entire life, the nuclear are increase only in a certain period: in rats during the second year and in humans in the final period of life. The signification of this partial correlation is discussed. PMID- 3155332 TI - [A retrospective study of HBsAG carriers in the blood bank of Navarra]. AB - The following is a review of the data of hepatitis-B serology study obtained during the last sixteen years in the Blood Bank of Navarra. The prevalence of HBsAg carriers is 0.87% (204 positive cases in 23,409 blood donors studied). The methods used during this period have been: AGD (7 positive donors, i.e. 3.4%), CIEP (4 positive donors, i.e. 1.9%), HARP (78 positive donors, i.e. 38.2%), EIA (93 positive donors, i.e. 45.5%) and RIA (22 positive donors, i.e. 10.7%). The number of previous donations before the detection of HBsAg dropped from 7/8 in the first group of donors to 4/5 in the second and to 1 in the third group. A deeper study has been carried out in 120 of those blood donors, including the detection of anti-HBs, anti-HBc, HBeAg and anti-HBe. A low-infectivity pattern has been found in 92 (76.6%), high infectivity in 4 (3.3%) and seroconversion in 16 (13.3%). It hasn't been possible to interpret the pattern of the remaining 8 (6.6%). Both the sensitivity and the specificity of our actual screening method have been found adequate in a cooperative study carried out in a group of Blood Banks in Spain in 1985. PMID- 3155333 TI - [Mediators of immunologic inflammation of the respiratory tract]. AB - The role of mediators in allergic inflammation of respiratory airways has recently been elucidated through the development of experimental systems for in vivo evaluation of hypersensitivity reactions in humans. Antigen challenge in hay fever patients has been shown to be associated with the release of histamine, kinins, peptidoleukotrienes, leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin D2 in nasal secretions. Endobronchial antigen stimulation in asthmatic patients has been shown to induce local release of histamine, prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4. The effects of inflammatory mediators seem to be different: nasal challenge with histamine causes rhinorrhea, itching, sneezing and nasal obstruction, whereas local stimulation with leukotriene C4 and prostaglandin D2 induces only a marked obstruction. Bronchial provocation with histamine is associated with smooth muscle contraction, hypersecretion, vasodilation and increase in vascular permeability. Leukotriene C4 or prostaglandin D2 inhalation induces a marked bronchoconstriction. On molar basis, the potencies of these arachidonic acid derivatives are respectively about 1000 fold and 30 fold higher than that of histamine. Mast cells seem to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of immediate allergic responses, whereas eosinophils, neutrophils and basophils seem to be mainly involved in late phase reactions. Since paf-acether is a potent chemotactic factor for eosinophils and neutrophils, it is reasonable to suppose that this lipid mediator is generated during the immediate allergic reaction and is involved in the appearance of late phase responses. PMID- 3155334 TI - Glutaraldehyde-methacrylate dentine adhesive: the relationship between cavity site and marginal contraction gaps. AB - Previous studies have shown that dentine adhesives reduce or eliminate contraction gaps in composite restorations. This study examined the relationship between cavity site and contraction gaps when two dentine adhesives were used in combination with two composites. One hundred and fifty-two cavities, each measuring 2.0 mm diameter and 1.5 mm depth, were prepared on side surfaces of extracted teeth, with each surface classified into three levels: upper, middle and lower. The dentine adhesives and composites were randomly assigned to the cavities. Four pre-determined, diametrical measurements of contraction gaps were made for each restored cavity using a Nikon Measurescope. Measurements yielded overall mean contraction gaps of 0.229, 0.262, and 0.260 for upper, middle and lower levels on the crown; the differences between means were not statistically significant. Type of dentine adhesives and composites influenced the size of contraction gaps rather than cavity site. PMID- 3155335 TI - Mystery of the separating tungsten carbide burs. AB - Three instances of tungsten carbide bur separation, one of which resulted in the patient swallowing the separated bur head are described. This spate of bur heads separating from the shank was associated with a cold sterilising solution used for disinfection. PMID- 3155336 TI - Anaphylaxis. PMID- 3155337 TI - Nutritional management of hepatic failure. PMID- 3155338 TI - Energy metabolism and indirect calorimetry in critically ill and injured patients. PMID- 3155339 TI - Comparative study of amphotericin-B pimaricin and gentian violet on ocular fungi. PMID- 3155340 TI - Health and aging among American Indians: issues and challenges for the biobehavioral sciences. PMID- 3155341 TI - Intracellular pathway of interleukin-2 receptors studied using immunogold electron microscopy. AB - The fate of internalized interleukin-2 receptors (IL-2R) on proliferating T cell blasts and Lyt-2-/L3T4- thymocytes was studied by immunogold electron microscopy. Immediately following labeling, IL-2R were found in coated pits and with time there was sequential appearance of gold particles in smooth vesicles or endosomes, multivesicular bodies and lysosomes. Thus the IL-2R appears to be a member of cell surface receptors internalized by endocytosis via coated pits. PMID- 3155342 TI - Generalized granuloma annulare in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) PMID- 3155343 TI - Pericardial flap to minimize internal mammary artery anastomotic tension. AB - A technique is described that decreases tension on the left internal mammary artery anastomosis in patients whose lungs have herniated across the midline. PMID- 3155344 TI - Application of pharmacokinetics in the diagnosis of chemical abuse in Munchausen syndrome by proxy. AB - The case of a preschooler who was chemically abused in Munchausen syndrome by proxy is presented. Though there were many clinical characteristics that raised suspicions of this syndrome, the definitive diagnosis was made by the application of pharmacokinetics during a hospital admission. This is the first reported use of this diagnostic approach to confirm this elusive disorder. Standard pharmacological equations can be used to provide this information from pharmacokinetic data which are readily available in most hospital settings. PMID- 3155345 TI - Impact of cigarette advertising on aggregate demand for cigarettes in New Zealand. PMID- 3155346 TI - Failure to convulse with electroconvulsive therapy. PMID- 3155347 TI - Effects of extracellular Ca and Ca-channel blockers on A-currents in snail brain neurons. AB - A study was made to characterize the extracellular Ca sensitivity of the A currents in identified neurons (LPa2, 3) of the snail, Helix pomatia L. The characteristics and voltage-dependence of activation and inactivation of isolated A-currents were examined under voltage clamp in normal, low Ca and high Ca solutions. Modification of the extracellular Ca concentration between 0 and 28 mM caused a dose-dependent attenuation of the amplitude of A-currents and alteration of the current kinetics. Anorganic Ca-channel blockers (Ni, Cd, La) also decreased the amplitude of A-currents in a dose-dependent reversible manner, but the organic Ca-channel blocker verapamil did not influence the A-current amplitude. An analysis of the Hill plots of Ca and Ni dose-inhibition data showed similar values for the Hill constants (nH) with 1.3 and 1.2 respectively. Lowering the potassium concentration in the saline increased the amplitude of A currents, while Na-deficiency slightly decreased the amplitude of A-currents. Tetraethylammonium (TEA) modulated the amplitude and kinetics of A-currents and 4 aminopyridine (4-AP) blocked all components of the A-currents. PMID- 3155348 TI - [Periodontal surgery and wound healing]. PMID- 3155349 TI - Antagonism of lateral olfactory tract synaptic potentials in rat prepyriform cortex slices. AB - Dose-response data were collected for the inhibition of the monosynaptic excitatory input onto prepyriform neurons from fibers of the rat lateral olfactory tract, using the potent antagonists of excitatory transmission, L(+)-2 amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L(+)-AP4), kynurenate, N-(p-chlorobenzoyl)piperazine 2,3-dicarboxylate, and N-(p-bromobenzoyl)piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylate. Kynurenate and the piperazine derivatives blocked up to 80% of the synaptic response at doses of 1000 microM, with single-affinity dose-response curves. L(+)-AP4 blocked only 50% of the synaptic response at a dose of 1000 microM, with a multicomponent dose-response curve. PMID- 3155350 TI - Serum aminopeptidase A (AAP) in normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by pre eclampsia. AB - Serum aminopeptidase A (AAP) activity was measured in normal pregnancy and pre eclampsia. The AAP activity in normal pregnancy increased progressively with advancing gestation, reaching the highest value at the end of pregnancy. The AAP activity in pregnancy complicated by pre-eclampsia was lower than in normal pregnancy. PMID- 3155351 TI - Characterization of the responses to serotonin and prostanoids in human umbilical arteries perfused in vitro. AB - In order to characterize the action of some vasoactive autacoids on the umbilical artery, pressure responses of serotonin, PGE2, PGF2 alpha and U46619 (a thromboxane A2 mimetic) have been investigated during in vitro perfusion. Serotonin, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha caused biphasic responses in which both the dilator and the constrictor phases were found to be dose-dependent. Indomethacin or SQ 29.548 (a thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist) did not affect the response to serotonin, whereas indomethacin reduced or abolished the vasodilator and vasoconstrictor action of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha. U46619 induced monophasic pressor responses which were abolished by SQ 29.548. The results indicate that PGE2 and PGF2 alpha, but not serotonin, interfere with the local production of vasoactive prostanoids. The altered synthetic activity modify the responses to PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in the umbilical artery. PMID- 3155353 TI - Pertussis immunization; family history of convulsions and use of antipyretics- supplementary ACIP statement. PMID- 3155352 TI - [Liver perfusion following portal revascularization in orthotopic liver transplant in pigs]. PMID- 3155354 TI - The role of speech-language pathologists in the habilitation and rehabilitation of cognitively impaired individuals: a report of the Subcommittee on Language and Cognition. PMID- 3155355 TI - Guidelines for determining threshold level for speech. PMID- 3155356 TI - Abdominal microaneurysms in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A 55-year-old man presented with systemic vasculitis complicating long-standing classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Digital and cutaneous vasculitis, together with widespread microaneurysms on both renal and coeliac arteries, were found. The simultaneous presence of these different patterns of vasculitic lesions in a single patient, affecting small as well as medium size vessels with aneurysm formation, emphasizes the value of angiographic studies in evaluating RA. PMID- 3155358 TI - Breast feeding and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in children. AB - We have evaluated the hypothesis of a protective effect of human milk on the development of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We studied the feeding histories of 95 diabetic children and compared them with controls consisting of their non-diabetic siblings and a pair matched group of nondiabetic peers of the same age, sex, geographical location, and social background. The incidence of breast feeding in diabetic children was 18%. This was similar to the control group. The duration of breast feedings was also similar among all three groups. There was no difference in the age of introduction of solid food between diabetic and nondiabetic children. Twice as many diabetic children, however, received soy containing formula in infancy as compared to control children. The mean age of onset of IDDM was not related to the type of feeding during infancy. The incidence of positive thyroid antibodies was two and one half times higher in formula-fed diabetic children than in breast-fed ones. In our studies we were unable to document any relationship between the history of breast feeding and subsequent development of IDDM in children. PMID- 3155357 TI - Martial arts and psychological health. AB - The misleading public image of the martial arts masks a rich though esoteric psychological legacy containing informative parallels for contemporary psychotherapeutic concepts and practices. To date, empirical research on the martial arts has lacked sophistication in the questions it has posed and in the methodology adopted to answer them. Whilst not entirely consistent, findings from studies of martial artists' personalities, outlooks and behaviour have generally indicated positive psychological effects of training. Clinical and psychotherapeutic applications are at an exploratory stage but appear promising. As an exemplar the psychological facets of the art of Aikido are discussed, and prospective uses of martial arts principles as systemic or adjunctive therapies are considered. PMID- 3155360 TI - Chemical reactivity considerations in the metabolism of N-heteroaromatics. AB - Enzymic carbon hydroxylations in N-heteroaromatics may involve either an electrophilic activated oxygen species (oxene), or a nucleophile (hydroxyl ion, OH-). A consideration of the chemical reactivities of ring systems often allows tentative predictions of likely reaction products with appropriate enzyme systems. e.g. microsomal cytochrome P-450, or cytosolic molybdenum hydroxylases. Pyrroles and related pi-excessive N-heteroaromatics are substrates for electrophilic enzymic ring hydroxylations mediated by cytochrome P-450, but the acidic ring nitrogen in pyrroles is not normally a site for metabolic attack. Pyridines and related pi-deficient N-heteroaromatics are substrates for nucleophilic enzymic ring hydroxylations mediated by molybdenum hydroxylases. The nucleophilic nitrogen in such rings can also be a site for metabolism, affording N-oxides or quaternary N-conjugates as metabolites. PMID- 3155359 TI - Natural history of primary autoimmune neutropenia in infancy. AB - Five patients with primary autoimmune neutropenia were evaluated during their first 2 years of life. Their illness resolved spontaneously after 6 to 41 months (median 13 months), and the patients were subsequently followed for 13 to 73 months (median 28 months). None required immunosuppressive therapy to induce remission, and routine antibiotic therapy adequately controlled all infectious episodes. An increased rate of infection, particularly otitis media and upper respiratory tract infection, occurred during the neutropenic period. No other noninfectious illnesses, particularly no other autoimmune diseases, were reported in any of these patients at any time. In each case, resolution of neutropenia paralleled the disappearance of neutrophil autoantibodies which were specific for the NA1 antigen. This report describes the clinical and laboratory findings and the long-term history of primary autoimmune neutropenia in these five patients. PMID- 3155361 TI - The biochemistry of endogenous organosulphur compounds. AB - The role and metabolism of methionine and cysteine in mammals are described. An outline of the history of glutathione, of its function in maintaining the thiol status of the cell and of its protective action against oxidative stress, is given. The importance of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione-S-transferases in endogenous metabolism and of gamma glutamyltranspeptidase is described. The relationship between cysteine and glutathione is considered together with the inter-organ translocation of glutathione and its metabolism. PMID- 3155362 TI - The toxicity of disulphides to isolated hepatocytes and mitochondria. AB - The disulfide metabolites of thiono-sulfur drugs were found to be about 50 to 100 times more toxic to isolated rat hepatocytes than the corresponding parent drugs. The order of decreasing cytotoxicity for the disulfide metabolites was disulfiram greater than propylthiouracil disulfide greater than formamidine disulfide greater than phenylthiourea disulfide greater than thiobenzamide disulfide greater than cystamine. Depletion of intracellular GSH levels preceded cytotoxicity. GSH could be restored and cytotoxicity averted by adding the thiol reducing dithiothreitol. Depletion of GSH with diethylmaleate potentiated the toxicity of disulfides 3 to 4-fold confirming the protective role of GSH in disulfide toxicity. The toxicity of disulfiram was increased 4-fold in cells pretreated with ATP (0.8 mM) to effect a transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+ suggesting an impairment of Ca2+ homeostasis by the toxicant. Disulfiram (200 microM) rapidly depleted hepatocyte ATP levels within 15 minutes which suggests that ATP production is inhibited. The disulfide effectiveness at causing mitochondrial Ca2+ release was similar to their effectiveness at inducing hepatocyte cytotoxicity. These results suggest that hepatocyte toxicity is the result of oxidative inactivation of membrane protein thiols that regulate intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. PMID- 3155363 TI - Pregnancy in women with primary focal and segmental hyalinosis and sclerosis. AB - Thirty-one pregnancies and post partum clinical course of 21 women with a diagnosis of primary focal and segmental hyalinosis and sclerosis have been analyzed. Forty-five percent (14) of pregnancies resulted in fetal loss, 39% (12) in premature delivery and 16% (5) in a term infant. Of 17 fetuses for whom birthweight was recorded, 29% (5) were small for gestational age. Maternal renal function deteriorated in 49% (15) of pregnancies, in 13% (4) irreversibly. Three of these patients (15%) subsequently progressed to end-stage renal failure, and one to progressive chronic renal impairment, by the end of follow-up (median 4 years, range 1-25 years). In 74% (23) of pregnancies hypertension was recorded and this frequently developed early (61%) and was severe (45%). Nephrotic range proteinuria developed in 42% (13) of pregnancies. Increased proteinuria was recorded in 22 (17%) pregnancies. It is concluded that pregnancy in women with primary focal and segmental hyalinosis and sclerosis is associated with increased fetal loss and maternal complications. PMID- 3155364 TI - Interferons' role in the inductive process of macrophage tumoricidal activity. PMID- 3155366 TI - Colloid osmotic pressure and albumin metabolism during parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3155365 TI - IgE-dependent effector function in immune defence. PMID- 3155367 TI - Intra- and postoperative use of albumin. Clinical indications and results. PMID- 3155368 TI - Sexual harassment: you can do something about it. PMID- 3155369 TI - Surgical management of palatally impacted cuspids. PMID- 3155370 TI - Siblings and grief. Interview by Gerry Lillegard. PMID- 3155371 TI - Pain control in dentistry: management of chronic orofacial pain. PMID- 3155372 TI - Nursing interventions aid patient transition from hospital to home. PMID- 3155373 TI - Entire nucleotide sequence of the pullulanase gene of Klebsiella aerogenes W70. AB - We determined the entire nucleotide sequence of the Klebsiella aerogenes W70 pullulanase gene (pulA) contained on a 4.2-kilobase-pair fragment of plasmid pPB174. The amino acid composition deduced from an open reading frame of 3,288 base pairs agreed closely with that determined for the intracellular pullalanase. The precursor enzyme consisted of 1,096 amino acid residues and contained a hydrophobic N-terminal signal peptide and the consensus sequence for the bacterial prelipoprotein signal peptide cleavage site. PMID- 3155375 TI - [A simple method for isolating Plasmodium yoelii]. PMID- 3155374 TI - Pharmacologic considerations for patients taking oral contraceptives. PMID- 3155376 TI - [Effects of cycloleucine on the growth and metabolism of malaria parasites]. PMID- 3155377 TI - High incidence of stomach cancer in relatives of patients with malignant lymphoproliferative disorders. AB - Family histories of 189 patients with lymphomas and leukemias and 14 patients with stomach cancer were used in this study. Controls consisted of family histories of 391 patients with other tumors. In the 189 probands with lymphoproliferative disorders stomach cancer accounted for 17.3% of the total cancers in the relatives, whereas in the probands with breast and other types of cancer the corresponding figures were 8.1% and 8.3% as against an incidence of 5.9% of stomach cancers in Basel. In first-degree relatives, the incidence of stomach cancer was higher than expected in the families of probands with malignant lymphoma and stomach cancer. It is suggested that an inherited subclinical disturbance of the immune system is involved in familial association of stomach cancer with malignant lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 3155378 TI - Monoclonal islet antibody HISL-19 as a tool in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin. AB - The monoclonal islet cell antibody HISL-19 generated after immunization of BALB/c mice with human pancreatic islet cell preparations, demonstrated specific immunoreactivity for neuroendocrine (Merkel) cells of the skin as shown by successive and simultaneous localization of neuron-specific enolase and the antigen detected by mab HISL-19 in the same cells of the bovine epidermis. Following these observations, we tested nine neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin that were believed to be of Merkel cell origin for their immunoreactivity with mab HISL-19 using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique on formalin-fixed and paraplast-embedded tissues. In contrast to malignant lymphomas, poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, and malignant melanomas, all nine neuroendocrine carcinomas reacted strongly with mab HISL-19, indicating its potential as a useful immunohistochemical probe for the distinction of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin from other cutaneous neoplasms with similar histological appearance. PMID- 3155379 TI - Serological evaluation of melanoma patients in a phase I/II trial of vaccinia melanoma oncolysate (VMO) immunotherapy. AB - Vaccinia melanoma oncolysates (VMO) were tested in a Southeastern Cancer Study Group (SECSG)-sponsored phase I/II multiinstitutional trial. Forty-eight patients with stage I or II disease were placed on study at six different dose levels of VMO and two different dose schedules, immediate or delayed. Patients' sera, obtained before treatment and every 3 months following initiation of treatment, were tested for antimelanoma antibodies using a Staphylococcus protein A (SpA) assay. Pretreatment sera were negative in 46 of 47 patients, and only two of 19 patients on delayed treatment developed reactivity by 6 months. However, 13 of 23 on immediate treatment developed reactivity, including eight of eight at the higher doses (1.5 and 2.0 mg). Neither anti-HLA antibody tested by a standard microcytotoxicity assay nor circulating immune complexes measured by both Clq and conglutinin binding assays were produced as a result of the immunization. The demonstration of immunogenicity of VMO at the 2 mg dose and immediate schedule supported the rationale for the use of this dose and schedule for the ongoing second phase Ia/Ib trial and for the future phase III randomized prospective study. PMID- 3155380 TI - Sexual harassment counseling. PMID- 3155382 TI - Magnusson article discussed. PMID- 3155381 TI - The nightmare of sexual harassment--it can happen to you. PMID- 3155383 TI - [Effectiveness of "hunmiewei" and deltamethrin residual spraying in controlling Anopheles sinensis]. PMID- 3155384 TI - [Experimental therapeutic efficacy of a new anti-hookworm drug, tribendimidin]. PMID- 3155385 TI - Harlequin syndrome: the sudden onset of unilateral flushing and sweating. AB - Facial flushing and sweating were investigated in five patients who complained of the sudden onset of unilateral facial flushing in hot weather or when exercising vigorously. One patient probably suffered a brainstem infarct at the time that the unilateral flush was first noticed, and was left with a subtle Horner's syndrome on the side opposite to the flush. The other four had no other neurological symptoms and no ocular signs of Horner's syndrome. Thermal and emotional flushing and sweating were found to be impaired on the non-flushing side of the forehead in all five patients whereas gustatory sweating and flushing were increased on that side in four of the five patients, a combination of signs indicating a deficit of the second sympathetic neuron at the level of the third thoracic segment. CT and MRI of this area failed to disclose a structural lesion but latency from stimulation of the motor cortex and thoracic spinal cord to the third intercostal muscle was delayed on the non-flushing side in one patient. The complaint of unilateral flushing and sweating was abolished in one patient by ipsilateral stellate ganglionectomy. The unilateral facial flushing and sweating induced by heat in all five patients was thus a normal or excessive response by an intact sympathetic pathway, the other side failing to respond because of a sympathetic deficit. The onset in the four cases of peripheral origin followed strenuous exertion, which suggested that an anterior radicular artery may have become occluded at the third thoracic segment during torsion of the thoracic spine. PMID- 3155386 TI - Review of postperinatal mortality in a health district with a garrison town. PMID- 3155387 TI - White blood cells and venous ulceration. PMID- 3155388 TI - Complex struvite calculi treated by primary extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and chemolysis with hemiacidrin irrigation. AB - Ten patients with complex struvite stones were treated successfully with primary extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy followed by chemolysis with 10 per cent hemiacidrin renal irrigation. The average number of treatments per renal unit was 1.2 and an average of 2,688 shocks was administered per treatment. No patient required a blood transfusion. Ureteral obstruction did not occur in those patients receiving planned hemiacidrin irrigation immediately after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. At 6-week followup 9 patients were free of residual fragments. The combination of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and hemiacidrin chemolysis represents a satisfactory alternative to the traditional surgical management of complex struvite calculi. PMID- 3155389 TI - The well-being of older Canadians. PMID- 3155390 TI - Fluorometric assay of thiols with fluorobenzoxadiazoles. PMID- 3155391 TI - [Clinical evaluation of a new preparation of Ersilan drops in patients with vascular headaches]. PMID- 3155392 TI - [Posteroinferior vestibular extension using a mucosal transposition technic]. PMID- 3155393 TI - Alcohol-associated deaths and their geographical location. PMID- 3155394 TI - I like you just the way you are. PMID- 3155395 TI - Radiation treatment of giant-cell tumour of bone (osteoclastoma). AB - Ten patients with giant cell tumours of the bone were treated by radiation therapy. Indications were non-radical primary surgery in 8 cases and recurring lesions in 2. Tumour doses ranged from 23 to 75 Gy delivered with supervoltage equipment in 8 cases. There were 3 recurrences after radiation therapy, all occurring in patients with tumor doses less than 39 Gy; 2 of these had received orthovoltage therapy and 2 died later from lung metastases. Modern supervoltage irradiation is probably as effective as surgery which is nevertheless recommended in operable cases. PMID- 3155396 TI - [Effect of Ritmilen and allapinin on central hemodynamics and myocardial contractility of patients with heart rhythm disorders]. AB - The effect of Ritmilen and allapinin, a new Soviet antiarrhythmic drug, on hemodynamics and myocardial contractility were evaluated in 36 patients with various heart rhythm disorders during diagnostic coronary angiography. Ritmilen has been shown to have an essential cardiodepressive effect. An intravenous 150 mg dose of Ritmilen results in a depression of dp/dtmax, Veragut's index, ejection fraction, mean standard circular fibre shortening rate, and increase in left ventricular systolic and end diastolic pressure, total peripheral resistance and mean arterial blood pressure. Allapinin (30 mg) has no marked cardiodepressive effect, as compared to Ritmilen. PMID- 3155397 TI - Posterior fossa cysts--diagnosis and management. PMID- 3155399 TI - An experimental model for pharmacokinetic studies of monoclonal antibodies in human colonic cancer. AB - An experimental model consisting of athymic rats carrying human colonic tumours from cell line LS 174T in both hind legs was used. 125I-labelled anti carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) monoclonal antibodies were injected intra arterially (i.a.), either alone (21 rats) or together with degradable starch microspheres (6 rats). As a control, an irrelevant antibody was injected i.a., alone (6 rats) or together with microspheres (3 rats). An intra-arterial injection was given on the side bearing one tumour in each rat, while the contralateral tumour served as an 'intravenous' control. The rats were submitted to external gamma measurements daily for four days. On the fourth day they were killed and pieces from the tumours and from various organs were examined by in vitro measurements. The results indicate strong expression of CEA in LS 174T cells grafted to athymic rats. No lasting enhancement of the tumour uptake was achieved by intra-arterial injection of antibodies as compared with the control tumours. PMID- 3155400 TI - Structural study of adenovirus type 2 fibre using anti-fibre and anti-peptide sera. AB - Peptides corresponding to the N- and C-extremities of the adenovirus 2 fibre polypeptide were synthesized, coupled to tetanus toxoid and injected into rabbits. Two sera were obtained: the anti-NTT serum and the anti-CTT serum. These sera and an anti-native-fibre serum were used to study fragments generated by hydrochloric acid cleavage of the fibre. The 44-Kd fragment corresponding to the 2/3 N-terminal part of the molecule retained its antigenic reactivity. This is consistent with a shaft structure for this part of the fibre. The anti-peptide sera were used to orientate the fibre, i.e., to determine the site of anchorage of this protein in the penton base. First, immunorevelation of blots of enzymatic digests of native or dissociated penton suggested that the N-extremity of the fibre was involved in the assembly of this protein in the penton base. Second, attempts were made to determine the accessibility of the fibre ends in the penton structure by ELISA assays and by immunorevelation of penton in Western blots. The results agreed with the proposed orientation derived from study of the enzymatic digests. Since the 2 anti-peptide sera and the peptides were unable to affect viral adsorption, it was not possible to determine how the fibre is orientated with respect to the cell receptor. However, the anti-peptide sera were found to inhibit viral production slightly. PMID- 3155398 TI - Establishment of an exposure level to tetrachloroethylene in ambient air in Vermont. AB - Where environmental contaminants pose potential health hazards, health departments are involved in complex and often controversial situations. Often the rapid formation of a threshold exposure level is required to protect public health. A decision making process was implemented in Vermont when it became necessary to have an interim ambient air exposure level to test for tetrachloroethylene contamination in the water, air, and soil of a community. Contamination of public and private drinking water and ambient air in schools and homes was discovered as a result of uncontrolled waste disposal from an industrial uniform laundry and drycleaning plant. A telephone survey was conducted to determine action taken by the other 49 States regarding emission standards for tetrachloroethylene into ambient air. There were no guidelines in 25 States, and there were guidelines in the remaining 25. Vermont's Commissioner of Health convened a multidisciplinary group of public health professionals to review various approaches to the establishment of an ambient air standard. A decision making action using modified Delphi and nominal group consensus methods set the interim standard at 67 micrograms per cubic meter in ambient air. The drycleaning plant had been closed voluntarily before the standard was established, and the interim standard was used to prevent reopening of the plant through a health order issued by the Vermont Health Department. The standard was also useful for guidance during environmental remediation. PMID- 3155401 TI - Materials and technique for etched porcelain facial veneers. PMID- 3155402 TI - Further contribution of common Gm*-Am* haplotypes and Km* alleles in the characterization of the Tunisian population. AB - The Gm, Am and Km allotypes have been investigated in 405 sera from unrelated students and blood donors coming from the different areas of Tunisia. Thirty Gm and fourty-seven Gm-A2m common phenotypes have been observed. Eleven Gm* and seventeen Gm*-A2m* common haplotypes have been deduced from these phenotypes. The Tunisian population appears as mainly Caucasoid (combined frequency of Caucasoid Gm*-Am* haplotypes in the order of 0.81-0.82) with a relatively important Black contribution in the gene pool (combined frequency of Negroid Gm*-Am* haplotypes of 0.17-0.18) and a very low Oriental participation (0.01-0.02). Our results are compared to those previously reported for two other samples of the Tunisian population, the first from the regions of Mahdia and Sfax and the second from several villages of Berbers, the first inhabitants of Tunisia. Likewise, other comparisons are made with populations from Africa, Europe and Asia, since Tunisians are a mixture of Berbers, invaders and immigrants from different origins. PMID- 3155403 TI - Molecular mapping of the HLA-linked complement genes and the RCA linkage group. AB - Phenotypic genetics have established linkage of the genes encoding proteins involved in the activation of the complement component C3. C2, factor B and C4, three of the structural components of the classical and alternative pathway C3 convertases, are encoded by genes which have been mapped to the class III region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on human chromosome 6. The regulatory proteins factor H, C4BP, CR1, CR2 and DAF, which are involved in the control of C3 convertase activity, are encoded by closely linked genes, termed the regulators of complement activation (RCA) linkage group, that have been mapped to human chromosome 1. cDNA clones for all these proteins have been isolated, and this has made it possible to investigate the organization and structure of the MHC class III genes and the genes in the RCA linkage group. This short review summarizes some of the main features which have emerged from recent cloning work. PMID- 3155404 TI - H-2 restriction and H-2 phenotypes of spleen cells from thymus-grafted radiation chimeras: evidence consistent with extrathymic suppression. AB - As an approach to analyzing the factors that contribute to determining H-2 restriction specificities of cytotoxic T cells, thymectomized semiallogeneic radiation chimeras were given transplants of fetal thymus from parental strain or F1 hybrid donors. A pronounced preference for lysis of infected targets of the same H-2 haplotype as the thymus was observed, the bias ranging from an undetectable preference through to absolute restriction to the thymic H-2. Virus immune Tc cells could also be restricted to H-2 antigenic determinants of haplotypes expressed only by donated stem cell progeny lymphomyeloid cells. T cells from chimeras that had received thymuses of both parental strains were less effective than normal syngeneic F1 hybrid T cells in lysing allogeneic cells and both infected and uninfected parental targets. Variation in H-2 restriction bias from one chimera to another was not reflected in modulations to the class I H-2 phenotypes of the chimeric spleen cells. PMID- 3155405 TI - Prevention and management of influenza outbreaks. PMID- 3155406 TI - Education: current factors affecting nursing practice and occupational health nursing. PMID- 3155407 TI - Mental health promotion in the workplace. PMID- 3155408 TI - Hypertension update. PMID- 3155409 TI - [Protective effects of nifedipine, DSCG and salbutamol in bronchospasm induced by ultrasonic mist]. PMID- 3155410 TI - [Characteristics of silver-palladium based alloys]. PMID- 3155411 TI - [Contribution to pneumonology by the measurement of intrabronchial pH in situ]. PMID- 3155413 TI - [Validity, sensitivity and reproducibility of specific bronchial provocation tests in biological units in asthmatic patients sensitized to dermatofagoides pteronissimus]. PMID- 3155414 TI - [Validity of the test of specific bronchial provocation evaluated in biological unit]. PMID- 3155415 TI - [Respiratory rehabilitation with a new respiratory brake system]. PMID- 3155416 TI - [Reimplantation of a deciduous tooth after traumatic avulsion]. PMID- 3155412 TI - [Evaluation of bronchial hyperreactivity using a multiparametric method in FEV1- non-responder asthmatic patients]. PMID- 3155417 TI - [Absorption of fluorides by synthetic hydroxyapatites]. AB - We studied the adsorption of sodium fluoride, ammonium fluoride, tin fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate to synthetic hydroxiapatite in function of the pH (pH 4.7, 5.5 and 6.1). In two models; in a first model was eluted the fluorides of the hydroxiapatite column with artificial saliva; in the second model were incubated the fluoride with bufferized hydroxiapatite to the above pH. The fluoride determination was done by potentiometric method with a specific ion activity electrode. The results in the elution indicated that the sodium and tin fluorides give elution levels different at the pH studied. By other hand ammonium fluoride did not present differences. The results with incubation demonstrated that ammonium fluoride gives the greater adsorption, the sodium fluoride is slightly lower, and the sodium monofluorophosphate the lowest. Also, was observed that the adsorption decrease with the increase of the pH for the three fluorides. The comparison of both models showed that the incubation presented higher values of adsorption than the elution for the pH studied. PMID- 3155418 TI - Enzymatic synthesis of plant oligoadenylates in vitro. PMID- 3155419 TI - On the mechanism by which complement proteins C5b-9 increase platelet prothrombinase activity. AB - Membrane assembly of complement proteins C5b-9 on human platelets results in a dose-dependent increase in the binding of coagulation factors Va and Xa to the plasma membrane, concomitant with a marked increase in platelet prothrombinase activity. Factor Va binding increased by 6-15-fold in platelets treated with the C5b-9 proteins as compared to controls. In the presence of near-saturating concentrations of factor Xa, factor Va binding to C5b-9-treated platelets approximately doubled. In the absence of added factor Va, C5b-9-treated platelets bound 1700 molecules of factor Xa versus 50 molecules/cell bound to controls, suggesting that C5b-9 assembly on the platelet surface initiates the release of platelet factor V from the alpha-granules. The capacity of the C5b-9 proteins to initiate the nonlytic release of the platelet alpha-granule storage pool was confirmed by assay for platelet factor 4. When measured in the presence of exogenous factor Va (2 micrograms/ml), factor Xa uptake by C5b-9 platelets increased to approximately 5500 molecules/cell (versus 330 molecules/cell for controls). Removal of external Ca2+ inhibited the C5b-9-initiated release of the alpha-granule storage pool and reduced by approximately 50% the expression of new factor Va binding sites, suggesting that these two events contributing to increased platelet prothrombinase activity are mediated in part by the influx of Ca2+ across the C5b-9 pore. PMID- 3155420 TI - CT iopamidol cisternographic diagnosis of coexisting partial empty sella and pituitary adenoma. Report of two cases. AB - In the last 3 years 86 patients were referred for suspected primary intrasellar pathology. Two of them had coexisting pituitary adenoma and partial empty sella. This situation has been diagnosed pre-operatively thanks to CT Iopamidol cisternography. The pre-operative diagnosis of this common anatomic condition allows safer operations, preventing intra-operative CSF fistulas. PMID- 3155421 TI - Capillary column gas chromatographic method using electron-capture detection for the simultaneous determination of nicardipine and its pyridine metabolite II in plasma. AB - A rapid, specific and direct method based on capillary column gas chromatography with electron-capture detection is described for the simultaneous determination of nicardipine, a new calcium antagonist, and its pyridine metabolite II in human plasma. In this method, the nicardipine, its pyridine metabolite II and internal standard are extracted from the plasma and then partially purified by acid-base partitioning prior to the final injection onto the capillary column gas chromatograph for quantification by means of an electron-capture detector. The quantification limit of the method is 1 ng/ml of plasma for both nicardipine and its pyridine metabolite II. The coefficients of variation for nicardipine and the pyridine metabolite II at concentrations of 1-50 ng/ml are less than 7% and less than 9% (n = 4), respectively. The method has been validated against a previously developed high-performance liquid chromatographic method (sensitivity 5 ng/ml). PMID- 3155422 TI - Gold therapy. II. Historical, chemical, pharmacological and biological profile of anti-arthritic gold compounds. PMID- 3155423 TI - Effects of Ca2+ entry blockers on kainate-induced changes in extracellular amino acids and Ca2+ in vivo. AB - The effect of organic Ca2+ channel blockers and Co2+ on kainate-induced changes in 45Ca2+ efflux and amino acid release was studied in the rabbit hippocampus with the dialysis-perfusion technique. Administration of 1 mM kainate caused a transient, 50% drop of extracellular Ca2+. This effect was insensitive to 100 microM flunarizine or verapamil, 10 microM nimodipine, and 6 mM CoCl2. The organic Ca2+ entry blockers did not significantly influence kainate-induced changes in extracellular amino acids, whereas Co2+ affected both basal and kainic acid stimulated release of amino acids. These results indicate that kainate regulated Ca2+ ionophores differ from Ca2+ channels in peripheral tissues in terms of sensitivity to Ca2+ entry inhibitors. PMID- 3155425 TI - Pancreatic lysosomal thiol proteinases and inhibitors in acute pancreatitis induced in rats. AB - When examining the level of esterolysis and that of cathepsin B or H, a significant positive correlation was found in the rat pancreas with inflammation induced by a closed duodenal loop, whereas there was a significant negative correlation between the activity of cathepsin B or H and that of its endogenous inhibitors. The levels of endogenous inhibitors of cathepsins B and H in rats with a pancreatitis were lower than in the sham-treated group. The endogenous inhibitors of cathepsins B and H were destroyed by incubation with the supernatant fraction obtained from the inflamed pancreas. These observations indicate that the activities of pancreatic cathepsins B and H are closely related to the severity of acute pancreatitis and that lesser levels of thiol proteinase inhibitors in the pancreatitis group than in the sham-treated group are due to destruction of the inhibitors by the enhanced protease activity. PMID- 3155424 TI - [Effects of RU38486, an antiprogesterone agent, on endometrium, fertilized ovum and serum sex steroid levels in rats]. AB - Effects of antiprogesterone RU38486 were studied in rats. The synthetic compound effectively (100%) inhibited implantation when administered on day 2 as well as on day 4 postconception (2.5mg/kg, in glycerol). This treatment, however, did not alter circulating estradiol and progesterone levels. Fertilized ovum yielded on day 4 from the uterine cavity showed normal morphology including adequate progress in cell division. A light microscopic study of the endometrium showed decreased cytoplasmic vacuole formation but estrogenic effects were apparently preserved. These data suggest that administration of RU38486 immediately after conception could successfully prevent implantation without altering early luteotropic functions in rats. Also the high dose of the compound was found to have no significant toxic effects on fertilized ovum, indicating that the anticonceptional action of RU38486 mainly functions at the uterine endometrial level. PMID- 3155426 TI - Glucocorticoid antagonists as probes to study the vascular effects of glucocorticoids. PMID- 3155427 TI - Effect of nimodipine on mitochondrial respiration in different rat brain areas after subarachnoid haemorrhage. AB - The mitochondrial respiration was evaluated in three different rat brain areas (cerebral cortex, hippocampus and brain stem) after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). The haemorrhage was induced by injecting 0.35 ml of autologous arterial blood into cisterna magna. Intravenous administration of Nimodipine (2 micrograms/kg/min for 30 minutes) was started immediately after the haemorrhage induction. At the set time (1 hour after SAH procedure), animals were sacrificed and non-synaptic mitochondria from the above mentioned areas were isolated. The following respiratory parameters were evaluated utilizing glutamate plus malate and succinate plus rotenone as substrates: state 3, state 4, uncoupled state, respiratory control ratio (RCR) and ADP/O ratio. SAH significantly influences respiratory parameters, mainly RCR; the cerebral cortex and brain stem seem to be more sensitive during the acute phase of vasospasm which follows SAH procedure. Nimodipine treatment significantly ameliorates mitochondrial respiratory conditions. PMID- 3155429 TI - I have no answer to the abortion issue, but here is the question. PMID- 3155428 TI - Systemic and coronary hemodynamics of labetalol in normotensive patients with ischemic heart disease. AB - The systemic and coronary hemodynamic effects of combined alpha- and beta adrenergic blockade produced by labetalol were assessed in 24 normotensive patients with angina pectoris and an ischemic electrocardiographic response to exercise stress. Both the intravenous (0.5 mg/kg) and oral (200 mg) formulations of labetalol were evaluated. At rest, labetalol produced systemic vasodilation (systemic vascular resistance -16% after intravenous and -8% after oral labetalol, both p less than 0.05) without change in heart rate. Aortic pressure usually was lower and cardiac output preserved or increased. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure was unchanged. Coronary sinus flow was usually unchanged after either route of administration. Exercise duration was prolonged in 14 of the 20 patients with severe coronary artery disease. During exercise, tachycardia was blunted (-12% after intravenous, -7% after oral labetalol, both p less than 0.05) as was the increase in mean aortic pressure (-12% and -13% intravenous and oral labetalol respectively, both p less than 0.05), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure [-7% and -1%, respectively, both p = not significant (NS)] was unchanged. Coronary sinus flow (-16% and -25%, respectively, both p less than 0.05) was decreased as heart rate and aortic pressure were lower. Cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, and coronary vascular resistance were similar to control exercise. The hemodynamic effects of intravenous and oral labetalol are, in general, similar. Hemodynamic responses differ from those produced by other beta-blockers and by calcium antagonists. PMID- 3155430 TI - Neuroleukin secretion is highly regulated in T cells but constitutive in C6 glioma cells. PMID- 3155431 TI - Cells of sow mammary secretions. II. Characterization of lymphocyte populations. PMID- 3155432 TI - Vitamin E requirement of the growing rat during selenium deficiency with special reference to selenium dependent--and selenium independent glutathione peroxidase. PMID- 3155434 TI - [The plexus submucosus (Meissner and Schabadasch) in the pig intestine. I. Light and electron microscopic studies of the normal structure]. PMID- 3155433 TI - Systemic effects of topically applied trichothecenes. III. The role of absorption enhancers. PMID- 3155435 TI - [Hematophagia activity of Anopheles (N.) albimanus Wiedeman, 1821 (Diptera: Culicidae) and its degree of endophagia]. PMID- 3155436 TI - [Various clinical aspects of nettled pityriasis versicolor]. PMID- 3155437 TI - Leprosy of the head and neck. PMID- 3155438 TI - Evidence of high activity carbonic anhydrase in sheep placenta. PMID- 3155439 TI - [Evaluation of the predatory capacity of Dineutes longimanus Olivier, 1840 (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae) under laboratory conditions]. PMID- 3155440 TI - Transtragal, transtympanic electrode placement for intraoperative electrocochleographic monitoring. AB - Transtragal, transtympanic electrode placement was performed for the purpose of intraoperative electrocochleographic (ECoG) monitoring during seven suboccipital acoustic neuroma resections. The promontory, the tragus, and two external sutures stabilized the electrode during surgery. The only noted otologic sequallae of electrode placement were small circular lesions at tympanic membrane puncture sites. Satisfactory ECoG recordings were obtained in five of seven cases. Peak-to peak N1 amplitudes were (on average) 13.4-fold larger than the corresponding amplitudes of peak I of the surface-recorded brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) recordings. During acoustic neuroma resection, ECoG and BAEP recordings changed relatively independently, which suggests multiple mechanisms and/or sites of injury to the cochlea or cochlear nerve. However, once they had become manifest, none of the observed changes exhibited a tendency to return to preoperative patterns. Hearing was preserved postoperatively in only two of seven patients, one of whom could not be monitored due to technical difficulty. Transtragal, transtympanic electrode placement provided a rapid, stable, and safe method of obtaining intraoperative ECoG recordings. Although combined intraoperative monitoring of ECoG and BAEP responses appeared to provide more precise documentation of injury to the cochlea and/or cochlear nerve, it was probably not influential in preservation of hearing in this series. PMID- 3155441 TI - Benign lymphoepithelial lesion of the submandibular glands. PMID- 3155442 TI - [Larval study of Culex (C) nigripalpus Theobald, 1901 (Diptera: Culicidae)]. PMID- 3155443 TI - [Importance of histopathology in the immunologic spectrum of leprosy. Practical application]. PMID- 3155444 TI - Use of smokeless tobacco products. PMID- 3155445 TI - Fever and changes in plasma zinc and iron concentrations in the sow. PMID- 3155446 TI - Biochemical properties of cerebrospinal fluid of sheep and goat. Comparison with blood. PMID- 3155447 TI - Clinical evaluation of a portable, cordless, hand-held middle ear analyzer. PMID- 3155448 TI - Acetate blood serum levels in cows starved for 24 hours and in cows fed different levels of energy and protein before calving. PMID- 3155449 TI - Sex differences in early and long-term results of coronary angioplasty in the NHLBI PTCA Registry. AB - To assess whether gender influenced the outcome of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), we analyzed data from the NHLBI PTCA Registry. Early results were compared in 705 women and 2374 men. Women were older (p less than .01) and had more unstable angina (p less than .01), and class 3 or 4 angina (p less than .01). Men had more multivessel disease (p less than .01), prior bypass surgery (p less than .01), and abnormal left ventricular function (p less than .05). Women had a lower angiographic success rate (60.3 vs 66.2%; p less than .01) and had a lower clinical success rate (56.6% vs 62.2%; p less than .01). More women had complications (27.2% vs 19.4%; p less than .01), but overall frequency of major complications (death, myocardial infarction, emergency surgery) was not different (9.8% vs 9.3%). Women had a higher incidence of coronary dissection (p less than .05) and higher in-hospital mortality (1.8% vs 0.7%; p less than .01). PTCA-related mortality was nearly six times higher in women (1.7% vs 0.3%; p less than .001) and mortality with emergency surgery was more than five time higher (17.4% vs 3.2%; p less than .001). Multivariate analysis indicated that female gender was an independent predictor for lower success (p less than .05) and early mortality (p less than .05) and was the only baseline predictor for PTCA-related mortality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3155450 TI - The respiratory muscles. PMID- 3155451 TI - Altered neuropeptide concentrations in spontaneously hypertensive rats: cause or consequence? AB - Changes in brain neuropeptide content in spontaneously hypertensive rats may be primarily related to the development of hypertension or may be secondary consequences of it. We have measured brain concentrations of beta-endorphin, Leu enkephalin, arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and in age-matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) controls, as well as in SHRSP with normalized blood pressure by chronic treatment with clonidine. Opioid peptide contents were measured in 12-, 18- and 24-week-old rats. beta-Endorphin was measured in the neuro-intermediate and anterior lobes of the pituitary, the hypothalamus, mid-brain and brain stem; Leu-enkephalin in the neuro-intermediate lobe of the pituitary, hypothalamus, mid brain, brain stem, as well as in the spinal cord and adrenal glands. AVP and OXT were measured in the neuro-intermediate lobe of the pituitary, hypothalamus, brain stem and spinal cord. beta-Endorphin in the neuro-intermediate lobe of the pituitary was significantly higher in 12- and 18-week-old SHRSP. Adrenal gland Leu-enkephalin was lower in SHRSP as compared with the WKY. OXT and AVP contents were markedly reduced in all brain regions of SHRSP except the neuro-intermediate lobe of the pituitary, where no significant changes were found. In no case did long-term antihypertensive treatment with clonidine reverse the altered peptide content in the SHRSP. We conclude that alterations in brain neuropeptide content in SHRSP are not secondary to hypertension. The blood pressure lowering activity of clonidine appears not to depend on major alterations of peptide concentrations. A genetic defect in the synthesis of adrenal enkephalins and hypothalamic OXT and AVP seems likely from these studies. PMID- 3155452 TI - Differential patterns of secretory protein localization within the pig uterine endometrium. AB - We have compared the distribution of two of the major secreted proteins of the porcine uterus within the endometrium of ovariectomized pigs which had received hormone replacement therapy for 30 days. The proteins studied, plasmin/trypsin inhibitor (PI) and uteroferrin (Uf), an iron-containing acid phosphatase, were both secreted into the uterine lumen by ovariectomized gilts given progesterone (P4) or P4 and 17 beta-estradiol but not by animals given 17 beta-estradiol alone or corn oil. The two proteins were localized immunocytochemically within the endometrium using an immunoperoxidase procedure. The results confirmed that production of PI and Uf was P4-dependent and demonstrated that the primary site of synthesis of PI was the surface and upper glandular epithelium, while Uf synthesis was confined to the glandular epithelium. A similar localization of PI and of Uf was found in endometrial tissue from pigs at day 13 (late luteal phase) of the estrous cycle. These results suggest that the uterine epithelium of the pig is regionally differentiated with regard to the production of P4-induced proteins. PMID- 3155453 TI - Methionine-enkephalin and beta-endorphin levels in brain, pancreas, and adrenals of db/db mice. AB - Levels of methionine-enkephalin immunoreactivity (MEI) and beta-endorphin immunoreactivity (BEI) were measured by means of a specific RIA in pituitary, hypothalamus, pancreas, and adrenal glands of db/db and control mice. We found significantly higher levels of MEI in the pituitaries of db/db mice than in either littermate or background strain controls. There was no significant difference in MEI levels in pancreas, adrenal glands, and hypothalamus. There was a significant difference in the BEI levels in the pituitaries of db/db mice compared with those in controls. No significant difference in BEI levels was observed between db/db and control mice in any of the other regions examined. We conclude from the above data that the opiate peptide system in the hypophyseal hypothalamic axis of the db/db mouse is abnormal and warrants further investigation. The significance of this finding with respect to the possible etiology of diabetes mellitus is discussed. PMID- 3155454 TI - Treatment of portal vein obstruction by percutaneous transhepatic angioplasty. AB - A case of extrahepatic portal hypertension and gastric variceal bleeding due to portal vein occlusion, most probably secondary to chronic pancreatitis, was treated by percutaneous transhepatic angioplasty. After the portal angioplasty there was marked clinical improvement, with control of the variceal bleeding and significant reduction of the pressure gradient within the portal system. PMID- 3155455 TI - Progestins increase endogenous opioid peptide activity in postmenopausal women. AB - To determine the effect of administration of a progestin alone on endogenous opioid peptide activity, we infused naloxone (2 mg/h for 4 h) into seven estrogen deficient postmenopausal women before and after oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera; 20 mg) daily for 30 days. Baseline serum LH levels were significantly decreased by the Provera therapy [70.3 +/- 6.6 (+/- SE) vs. 27.5 +/- 1.7 mIU/ml; P less than 0.001]. Naloxone infusion before Provera treatment had no effect on serum LH levels. In contrast, after Provera therapy, a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in LH levels toward the pre-Provera baseline occurred with naloxone infusion. These findings suggest that progestins exert their negative feedback effects on LH at least in part through an opioid peptide-mediated mechanism and that progestin treatment alone can reestablish opiatergic control of LH. PMID- 3155456 TI - Comparative cost of myocardial revascularization: percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - A consecutive series of 78 patients having percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for single vessel coronary artery disease and 85 patients having single vessel coronary artery bypass graft surgery were followed up prospectively for 1 year. Days in hospital and angiographic and revascularization procedures were counted in the two groups of patients and total cost of care for 12 months was calculated using current billing levels. Angioplasty was initially successful in 74% of patients; because of initial failure in 26% and late restenosis in 18%, bypass surgery was ultimately needed in 23 of 78 patients having coronary angioplasty. Nevertheless, total cost of care per patient was 43% lower for those having angioplasty as an initial procedure for single vessel coronary artery disease. PMID- 3155457 TI - Syngeneic responses by murine thymocytes: a role for non-MHC and non-MLS genes. AB - A subpopulation of thymocytes from adult mice that is nonadherent to macrophage monolayers showed dramatically increased syngeneic mixed leukocyte responses (SMLR). Cloned cells were derived by limiting dilution from these SMLR-primed BALB/c thymocytes and were maintained and subcloned by repeated stimulation with syngeneic BALB/c spleen cells without the addition of exogenous interleukins. The cloned thymocytes were tested for their reactivities against H-2- and Mls identical BALB/c and B10.D2 spleen cells (H-2d, Mlsb). We found that BALB/c and B10.D2 stimulator cells differed significantly in their capacity to restimulate the cloned BALB/c thymocytes. In addition, polyclonal syngeneic mixed leukocyte cultures (SMLC) of BALB/c thymocytes also showed differential restimulation by BALB/c and B10.D2 stimulators. Taken together, our data indicate a role for the product(s) specified by non-MHC and non-Mls gene(s) in the autorecognition by thymocytes. PMID- 3155459 TI - Immunoregulatory pathways in adult responder mice. II. Regulation of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses by GAT-specific suppressor factors present in GAT tolerant adult responder mice. AB - We studied the effects of T cell extracts from adult responder BALB/c mice tolerized with poly(Glu60Ala30Tyr10) (GAT)-coupled syngeneic spleen cells (GAT SP) on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), T cell-proliferative (Tprlf), and plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses. Adult responder mice injected i.v. with GAT SP develop Lyt-1-2+ suppressor T cells (Ts), which suppress the induction of GAT specific DTH and PFC, but not Tprlf responses. Sonicates from these Ts contain an afferent-acting, soluble factor(s) (GAT-TsFdh) that specifically suppresses the same responses as the intact Ts (i.e., DTH and PFC, but not Tprlf). Immunosorbent chromatography studies were employed to determine the molecular nature of the suppressive material active on both cellular and humoral responses. In both assay systems, GAT-TsFdh was found to bear determinants encoded by the I subregion of the H-2 complex and a receptor(s) for GAT. BALB/c-derived GAT-TsFdh suppressed the induction of GAT DTH in syngeneic BALB/c and H-2-compatible B10.D2, but not in allogeneic C57BL/6 or CBA/Cum, suggesting a possible H-2 restriction in the suppression. It was also shown that one target of functional regulation by GAT TsFdh is the T helper cell for DTH responses (DTH-Th). The results suggest that similar Ts and TsF regulate humoral and cell-mediated responses, perhaps by affecting a target common to both pathways (e.g., the T helper cell). The resistance of Tprlf responses to suppression by GAT-TsFdh indicates that the effector DTH-Th target is not a major component of the proliferative response. These data are discussed with respect to GAT-specific TsF-regulating PFC responses, which have been identified in nonresponders and in responders tolerized as neonates with GAT. PMID- 3155458 TI - T-T cell interaction in the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses: vaccinia virus-reactive helper T cell activity involved in enhanced in vivo induction of DTH responses and its application to augmentation of tumor specific DTH responses. AB - The role of antigen-specific helper T cells in augmenting the in vivo development of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses was investigated. C3H/HeN mice were inoculated i.p. with vaccinia virus to generate virus-reactive helper T cell activity. These vaccinia virus-primed or unprimed mice were subsequently immunized subcutaneously (s.c.) with either trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified syngeneic spleen cells (TNP-self), vaccinia virus-infected spleen cells (virus self), or cells modified with TNP subsequent to virus infection (virus-self-TNP). Seven days later, these mice were tested for anti-TNP DTH responses either by challenging them directly with TNP-self into footpads or by utilizing a local adoptive transfer system. The results demonstrated that vaccinia virus-primed mice failed to generate significant anti-TNP DTH responses when s.c. immunization was provided by either virus-self or TNP-self alone. In contrast, vaccinia virus primed mice, but not unprimed mice, could generate augmented anti-TNP DTH responses when immunized with virus-self-TNP. Anti-vaccinia virus-reactive helper activity was successfully transferred into 600 R x-irradiated unprimed syngeneic mice by injecting i.v. spleen cells from virus-primed mice. These helper T cells were found to be antigen specific and were mediated by Thy-1+, Lyt-1+2- cells. DTH effector cells enhanced by helper T cells were also antigen specific and were of the Thy-1+, Lyt-1+2- phenotype. Furthermore, vaccinia virus-reactive helper T cell activity could be applied to augment the induction of tumor-specific DTH responses by immunization with vaccinia virus-infected syngeneic X5563 tumor cells. T-T cell interaction between Lyt-1+ helper T cells and Lyt-1+ DTH effector T cells is discussed in the light of the augmenting mechanism of in vivo anti tumor-specific immune responses. PMID- 3155460 TI - Regulation of T15 idiotype dominance. II. Genes unlinked to the Igh locus regulate T15 dominance of the secondary adoptive transfer response to phosphocholine. AB - We have studied the idiotype and fine specificity of the secondary immune response to phosphocholine (PC) in C57BL (B10, B10.D2, and B.C8) and BALB (BALB/c, BAB-14, and C.B20) congenic strains of mice. In vivo IgM responses of mice from these two genetic backgrounds differed in their T15 idiotypic representation. BALB strains expressed the T15 idiotype on greater than 90% of their IgM, PC-specific plaque-forming cells (PFC), whereas C57BL strains expressed the T15 idiotype on approximately 50% of their IgM PFC. All strains examined expressed greater than 75% PC-inhibitable, VHPC idiotype-positive, IgM PFC. The IgG3 and IgA memory responses were similar to the IgM memory response; BALB strains produced a higher proportion of T15+ PFC than C57BL strains; however, the majority of IgG3 and IgA PFC in all strains were VHPC+, and PC inhibitable. In contrast, the IgG1 memory response was not dominated by T15+, VHPC+, PC-inhibitable PFC in any of the strains tested. The IgG1 PFC required nitrophenylphosphocholine (NPPC) for efficient inhibition. The IgG2 memory response generally mimicked the IgG1 response with respect to idiotype and specificity. These data demonstrate that the representation of the T15 idiotype in the anti-PC immune response is determined by genes outside both the MHC and Igh genetic loci. Control of T15 expression in secondary IgM, IgG3, and IgA anti PC responses was examined by using a cell-mixing protocol with primed T and B cells from BALB/c and B10.D2 mice. T15 representation in these responses was determined by the genotype of the B cell, not by the genotype of the helper T cell. Similarly, the B cell genotype was responsible for the idiotypic profile of a primary, in vitro, T-dependent, anti-PC response. PMID- 3155461 TI - Immunoregulatory T cell circuits in man. Identification of a distinct T cell subpopulation of the helper/inducer lineage that amplifies the development of alloantigen-specific suppressor T cells. AB - Regulation of the immune response in man is dependent on interactions between cells of helper/inducer (Leu-3+/T4+) lineage and cells of suppressor/cytotoxic (Leu-2+/T8+) lineage. By using the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) as a model system, we have shown previously that alloantigen-primed Leu-3+ cells induce autologous Leu-2+ cells to differentiate into suppressor T cells that specifically inhibit the response of fresh T cells to the original allogeneic stimulator cells. The current study was undertaken to analyze the roles in this suppressor circuit of subpopulations of Leu-3+ cells distinguished from one another on the basis of their binding or lack of binding to monoclonal anti-Leu-8 antibody. Although both Leu-3+,8- and Leu-3+,8+ T cells proliferated in allogeneic MLR, alloactivated Leu-3+,8+ cells alone induced proliferation and differentiation of Leu-2+ suppressor cells. Leu-3+,8+ cells also induced Leu-3+,8 cells to proliferate, and following their activation in this manner, such autoactivated Leu-3+,8- cells augmented the differentiation of Leu-2+ suppressor cells, but only in the presence of alloactivated Leu-3+,8+ cells. Furthermore, this effect, like the suppressor effect, was specific for the inducer cells, and thus indirectly for the HLA-DR antigens of the original allogeneic stimulator cells as well. These results indicate that alloantigen-primed Leu-3+,8+ cells not only activate specific Leu-2+ suppressor cells but also activate specific Leu 3+,8- suppressor-amplifier cells, and in combination, these cells exert potent feedback inhibition of MLR. PMID- 3155462 TI - Characterization of in vivo-activated allospecific T lymphocytes propagated from human renal allograft biopsies undergoing rejection. AB - To evaluate in situ lymphocyte responses in cell-mediated immune tissue injury, we have developed an approach for propagation of human allospecific T lymphocytes directly from tissue biopsies. We have utilized renal allograft tissue obtained from eight patients undergoing cellular rejection. Needle biopsy tissue was cultured in medium containing interleukin 2 (IL 2), including recombinant-DNA produced IL 2. In each case, lymphoblasts migrated out of the tissue and increased in numbers, especially adjacent to the tissue. In two cases in which there was no cellular infiltrate present in the biopsy, no lymphocytes proliferated in vitro. Instead, fibroblasts eventually filled the wells from these allograft biopsies. The continued presence of the allograft tissue enhanced the viability and growth of the lymphoblasts in cultures from rejecting allografts. The isolated lymphoblasts had surface markers of mature OKT3+ lymphocytes of either OKT4+ or OKT8+ subsets. OKT8+ cells predominated. There was variability (41 to 97%) in the percentage of T lymphoblasts that bore surface HLA DR antigens. In assays of lymphoblasts obtained from eight separate renal allografts, there was donor-specific cytotoxicity, and in all but two of the cases there was donor-induced proliferation. The specificity of the cytotoxic reaction was tested by using 51Cr-labeled, PHA-stimulated target cells prepared from a panel of HLA-typed donors. Proliferation was tested after 48 hr in the presence of mitomycin C-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells as stimulator cells by using only 10(4) responder T lymphoblasts. Of particular note was that the cytotoxicity of the isolated lymphoblasts showed specificity against both "private" HLA class I alloantigens (of the allograft donor) as well as "public" cross-reacting epitopes. This method permits the propagation and functional characterization of in vivo-activated T lymphoblasts that are obtained from the actual sites of immune-mediated injury. Preliminary studies of other tissues with diverse inflammatory processes indicate the possible widespread applicability of obtaining in vivo-activated lymphocytes. PMID- 3155463 TI - Suppression of human NK cell cytotoxicity by an MLC-Generated cell population. AB - A suppressor cell generated in late MLC was capable of inhibiting the cytotoxic activity of fresh NK cells and MLC-generated NK-like cells. Maximum suppression was obtained by using the cells from a 12-day MLC and resulted in a 47% inhibition in fresh NK activity as measured by 51Cr release. The inhibition was also apparent in the single-cell cytotoxicity assay, where suppression was manifested at the level of target recognition. This was reflected in the number of target-binding conjugates (TBC), with a decreased number of TBC consistently found when day 12 MLC cells were added to fresh NK cells or MLC-generated NK-like cells. A soluble suppressive factor generated in MLC did not appear to be the mechanism underlying the suppression, because the addition of the supernatant from a 12-day MLC had no effect on the target binding or cytotoxic activity of fresh NK cells. An adherent cell population was not involved, as the removal of G 10 adherent cells from the day 12 MLC did not alter suppression of NK cytotoxicity. The phenotype of the regulatory cell in the day 12 MLC was Fcmu+ and HNK-1+ (Leu-7). These suppressor cells do not bear antigens detected by monoclonal antibodies to T cells (Leu-4), suppressor T cells (Leu-2a), HLA-DR, or the Fc gamma receptor on NK cells (B73.1). The manner in which the HNK-1+, Fcmu+ suppressor cells exerted their inhibitory effect was by binding directly to Fc gamma +, HNK-1+ fresh NK cells. In turn, the Fc gamma +, HNK-1+ NK cells were rendered incapable of binding to target cells. These results suggest that NK cells themselves can function as immunoregulators, controlling their own cytotoxic activity. PMID- 3155464 TI - T cell subsets regulating antibody responses to L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L tyrosine10 (GAT) in virgin and immunized nonresponder mice. AB - T cell subsets from virgin and immunized mice, which are Ir gene controlled nonresponders to GAT, which regulate antibody responses to GAT have been characterized. Virgin nonresponder B10.Q B cells develop GAT-specific antibody responses to GAT, B10.Q GAT-M phi, and GAT-MBSA when cultured with virgin or GAT primed Lyt-1+, I-J-, Qa1- B10.Q helper T cells. Virgin T cells are radiosensitive, whereas immune T cells are radioresistant (750 R); qualitatively identical helper activity is obtained with T cells from mice immunized with soluble GAT, B10.Q GAT-M phi, and GAT-MBSA. Responses to GAT and GAT-M phi are not observed when virgin or GAT-primed Lyt-1+, I-J+, Qal+ T cells are added to culture of virgin or GAT-primed Lyt-1+, I-J-, Qa1- helper T cells and virgin B cells; the GAT-specific response to GAT-MBSA is intact. The Lyt-1+, I-J+, Qa1+ T cells from mice primed with GAT, GAT-M phi, and GAT-MBSA were qualitatively identical in mediating this suppression. Virgin Lyt-2+ T cells have no suppressive activity alone or with virgin Lyt-1+, I-J+, Qa1+ T cells, whereas responses to GAT, GAT-M phi, and GAT-MBSA are suppressed in cultures of GAT primed helper T cells containing GAT-primed Lyt-2+ T cells (with or without GAT primed Lyt-1+, I-J+, Qa1+ T cells). Suppression of responses to GAT-MBSA in cultures of GAT-M phi-primed helper T cells requires both GAT-M phi-primed Lyt 1+, I-J+, Qa1+ T cells and Lyt-2+ T cells; the Lyt-1+, I-J+, Qa1+ T cells appear to function as inducer cells in this case. In cultures containing GAT-MBSA-primed helper T cells, either GAT-MBSA-primed Lyt-1+, I-J+, Qa1+ or Lyt-2+ T cells suppress responses to GAT and GAT-M phi; under no circumstances are responses to GAT-MBSA suppressed by GAT-MBSA-primed regulatory T cells. This regulation of antibody responses to GAT by suppressor T cells is discussed in the context of the involvement of suppressor T cells in responses to antigens under Ir control, and of the evidence that nonresponsiveness to GAT is not due to a defect in the T cell repertoire, but rather is due to an imbalance in the activation of suppressor vs helper T cells. PMID- 3155465 TI - Stimulation of in vitro immunoglobulin production by interferon-alpha. AB - The effect of various natural and recombinant DNA-derived human interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) on immunoglobulin (Ig) production by human B cells was investigated. The cell populations examined included peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and highly purified B cell and helper T cell populations obtained by negative selection by using monoclonal antibodies and a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. In the presence of all forms of IFN-alpha tested, IgG and IgM production by PBMC increased twofold to fourfold. This increase was noted in the absence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM), was not affected by depletion of monocytes, required that IFN-alpha was present early in the culture period, and reached maximal levels around 500 U/ml IFN-alpha. Both IgG and IgM production were affected, but the magnitude of the IgM response was greater. The augmentation of Ig production was noted with the recombinant DNA-derived subtype, IFN-alpha F, two analogs, IFN alpha Con1 and IFN-alpha Con2, as well as with buffy-coat-derived (leukocyte) IFN alpha. The recombinant DNA-derived forms of IFN-alpha appeared to differ in their ability to augment Ig production. In the presence of PWM, IFN-alpha Con1 failed to increase Ig production by PBMC. In contrast to these results with PBMC, IFN alpha Con1 increased the Ig production of purified B cells 10- to 20-fold in the presence of PWM. This increase reached maximal levels around 500 U/ml IFN-alpha Con1. Although purified B cells responded to IFN-alpha and PWM, maximal responses occurred in the presence of low numbers of helper T cells. Cell dilution experiments suggested that the effect observed with purified B cells was the result of the interaction of B cells with residual cells, e.g., helper T cells, remaining in the preparations. PMID- 3155466 TI - Suppressor T lymphocyte induction by a factor released from cultured blastocysts. AB - For the analysis of immunologic escape mechanisms of embryos during the implantation period in mice, the effects of culture supernatant of blastocysts on in vitro responsiveness to alloantigen of mice was investigated. Blastocyst cultured conditioned medium was prepared by culturing late blastocysts of outbred ICR mice for 5 days. The addition of culture supernatant containing four or eight blastocysts to allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture inhibited both the MLR responses and the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Preincubation of the culture supernatant with lymphocytes syngeneic to the responder cells of MLR induced potent suppressor cell activity in the MLR. The supernatant did not inhibit the activity of CTL at the effector phase, but preinduced suppressor cells obtained by incubation of splenocytes with the supernatant showed almost complete suppression of CTL activity at the effector phase. Both of the suppressor cells, active on MLR and at the generation phase of CTL as well as active at the effector phase, had a surface phenotype of Thy-1+ and Ig-. The suppressive material could be extracted from the eight-cell stage of fertilized ova or blastocysts but not from unfertilized ova, indicating that the production of the factor(s) is dependent on the stages of early embryogenesis. These results suggest that the active induction of suppressor T lymphocytes by the factor(s) released from implanted embryos is one of the protective mechanisms from maternal immunologic attack. PMID- 3155467 TI - Suppression of in vitro CML generation by alloactivated lymphocytes: analysis of antigen-nonspecific suppressive mechanisms. AB - We have investigated the in vitro phenomena associated with antigen-nonspecific suppression of mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) responses by allocativated lymphocytes. Using an experimental system that we described in a previous communication, we observed that a) the degree of suppressive activity generated by allocativation correlates directly with the intensity of proliferation observed during induction of suppressive activity, b) suppressive activity segregates exclusively with proliferating (lymphoblast) subpopulations of alloactivated lymphocytes, c) when suppressive cells are included in MLC, subsequent [3H]thymidine incorporation is enhanced and accelerated, rather than impaired, and d) a considerable proportion of the cells recovered from suppressed MLC appear to be the progeny of the suppressive population, and not the progeny of the MLC responder population. These data suggest that antigen-nonspecific suppression mediated by alloactivated lymphocytes has two related components: 1) cytokine preemption by suppressive (alloactivated) lymphocytes, and 2) MLC responder cell dilution by the progeny of suppressive lymphocytes. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the antigen-nonspecific suppressive activity of alloactivated lymphocytes can reflect the coincidental ability of activated T cells to recognize and respond to mitogenic lymphokines in vitro. The data further explain why antigen-nonspecific suppression is difficult to reverse by addition of exogenous lymphokines to suppressed MLC. PMID- 3155468 TI - Characterization of a polyvalent antibody directed against the IgG Fc receptor of human mononuclear phagocytes. AB - We have raised an antibody to the IgG Fc receptor (FcR) of human mononuclear phagocytes by immunizing a goat with FcR purified by ligand affinity from a human monocyte line (U937). This antiserum, which inhibited the binding of IgG ligand to the receptors on U937, precipitated from detergent lysates of surface radioiodinated U937 cells a 72 Kd sialoglycoprotein (p72) identified as the FcR by several previously published criteria. Two other bands seen in autoradiograms of SDS gels were precipitated by this antiserum: a 40 to 43 Kd band that co purified with p72 and a 170 Kd protein that was not present in the immunogen. Fractionation of the IgG of this antiserum into two subclasses yielded one subclass (IgG1) in which anti-p72 activity was considerably enriched relative to antibody activities against other molecules. This antiserum precipitated p72 not only from U937 but from HL60 cells and from human peripheral blood monocytes as well, indicating common antigens on the p72 molecules from these three cells. However, p72 was not recovered from lysates of surface-iodinated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes or murine macrophage lines. Anti-p72 activity was not completely removed by adsorption with intact U937, suggesting that the antiserum recognizes portions of p72 that are not exteriorly disposed, perhaps noncarbohydrate portions of the molecule. We expect this antiserum to be useful for a number of studies of receptor structure and function. PMID- 3155469 TI - Human C3a-mediated suppression of the immune response. I. Suppression of murine in vitro antibody responses occurs through the generation of nonspecific Lyt-2+ suppressor T cell. AB - C3a derived from the third component of human complement was found to suppress in vitro murine anti-SRBC responses. C3a-mediated suppression occurs through the generation of nonspecific Lyt-2+ suppressor T cells. The generation of suppressor cells occurs at an early phase in the response because incubation of naive T cells with C3a for as little as 30 min results in suppression of the anti-SRBC response. The generation of suppressor T cells requires the interaction of T cells, C3a, and a Sephadex G-10-adherent cell, presumably a macrophage. Although the mechanism of action of these suppressor cells has not been elucidated, several possibilities have been eliminated. C3a-suppressor T cells do not apparently release inhibitory lymphokines, nor is helper cell activity inhibited by a 2-day co-culture with these suppressor cells. The observation that interleukin 2 (IL 2)-containing lymphokine preparations could overcome C3a induced suppression led us to investigate the interaction of the suppressors with IL 2 producer cells. However, neither C3a nor C3a-generated suppressor T cells can block the synthesis of IL 2. PMID- 3155470 TI - The murine lymphocyte receptor for IgE. III. Use of chemical cross-linking reagents to further characterize the B lymphocyte Fc epsilon receptor. AB - Cross-linking reagents were used to further characterize the murine B cell receptor for the Fc portion of IgE (Fc epsilon R) and compare this receptor to the well-characterized high-affinity Fc epsilon R on rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells. The disulfide cleavable and noncleavable reagents 3,3' dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidyl) propionate (DTSSP) and bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate (BS3) were used. With these reagents, efficient cross-linking of the alpha component of the high-affinity RBL Fc epsilon R to the membrane-buried beta and gamma components occurred only if the membrane was solubilized before the cross-linking reaction. In studies with purified murine B cells, IgE could be cross-linked to the Fc epsilon R on intact cells with either DTSSP or BS3. Under the same conditions, up to 10% of the B cell surface immunoglobulin (sIg) (both IgM and IgD) was also found to cross-link to a portion of the IgE/Fc epsilon R complex, suggesting that on the intact murine B cell the Fc epsilon R is frequently in close association with sIg. The B cell Fc epsilon R was also examined for the presence of receptor-associated proteins. Under conditions where the high-affinity RBL Fc epsilon R was substantially cross-linked to the alpha, beta, gamma complex, no evidence was seen for similar cross-linking of the B cell Fc epsilon R. Cross-linking experiments on affinity-purified Fc epsilon R preparations also gave no evidence for receptor-associated proteins with the B cell Fc epsilon R, although evidence for receptor-receptor association was seen. Thus, these data further support the concept that there may be little relationship between the high-affinity mast cell/basophil Fc epsilon R and the low-affinity lymphocyte Fc epsilon R. PMID- 3155471 TI - Regulation of cell-mediated immunity in cryptococcosis. III. Characterization of second-order T suppressor cells (Ts2). AB - Frequently, patients with systemic cryptococcosis have depressed or absent in vivo or in vitro cell-mediated immune responses to cryptococcal antigen. In addition, these patients have relatively high levels of circulating cryptococcal antigen, which is generally considered indicative of a poor prognosis. Because acquired cell-mediated immunity is an important host defense mechanism in cryptococcosis, we have been studying the effects of cryptococcal antigen on such responses. Using a murine model, we have demonstrated that cryptococcal antigen given i.v. to CBA/J mice, to simulate antigen levels found in patients, can trigger the production of a series of suppressor cells that specifically inhibit anticryptococcal cell-mediated immune responses. Briefly, cryptococcal antigen induces afferent suppressor and/or suppressor inducer (Ts1) cells in the lymph nodes of mice, and the Ts1 cells, or a soluble factor derived therefrom (TsF1), stimulate the production of second-order or efferent suppressor (Ts2) cells. This report provides data that demonstrate that the Ts2 cells were induced in spleens from cyclophosphamide (Cy)-resistant precursors in response to cryptococcal Ts1 cells or TsF1 and that a proliferative process sensitive to Cy was not required for Ts2 induction. The Ts2 cells were detectable 6 days after Ts1 injection, were specific in suppressing the cryptococcal delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, were T cells with an Lyt-1-,2+,Ia+ (I-J+) phenotype, were effective only on the efferent limb of the cryptococcal DTH response, and mediated their activity via a soluble factor (TsF2). Thus far, the suppressive pathway induced by cryptococcal antigen has characteristics more like those of the suppressor circuits described for the DTH responses to the haptens azobenzenearsonate and 4 hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl than those of the modulating circuits induced by other antigens. We postulate that a suppressive circuit similar to the one we have defined in the mouse model is operating to suppress the in vivo and in vitro cell-mediated immune responses in cryptococcosis patients who have significant amounts of circulating cryptococcal antigen. PMID- 3155473 TI - Monoclonal helper T cells induce B cell responses to T-independent antigens: antigen-specific T cells are directly stimulated by activated B cells in the absence of antigen. AB - Efficient B cell responses to most polysaccharide antigens such as TNP-PAA or TNP Ficoll require factors produced by activated T cells. However, the mechanism of T cell activation during such responses has not been established, because these antigens do not activate T cells, either directly or in conjunction with I-A gene products. We used a panel of antigen-specific monoclonal helper T cells to study T cell activation during the course of such responses. We show that activated I-A identical B cells directly stimulate these monoclonal T cells, and that this stimulation is in the absence of nominal antigen. The high frequency of inducer cells that are stimulated by activated B cells suggests a major biologic role for this novel pathway of T cell activation. PMID- 3155472 TI - A large subpopulation of lymphocytes with T helper phenotype (Leu-3/T4+) exhibits the property of binding to NK cell targets and granular lymphocyte morphology. AB - A discrete subpopulation of lymphocytes sharing several phenotypic characteristics with natural killer (NK) cells was identified within the circulating pool of human lymphocytes that bear the T helper marker Leu-3. This Leu-3+ subpopulation of cells formed cell conjugates with the NK target cell lines K562 and MOLT-4, but did not bind to mouse myeloma and hybridoma cell lines that are insensitive to NK cells. The Leu-3+ lymphocytes binding to NK cell targets contained cytoplasmic granules similar in ultrastructure and cytochemistry to those previously defined in granular lymphocytes with NK function, except that the granules in Leu-3+ cells were smaller and fewer in number. Unlike classical NK cells, however, the granular Leu-3+ cells did not kill the target cells to which they bound, even after treatment with interferon. The proportion of granular Leu-3+ cells with the capacity to bind to NK cell targets was approximately 7% at birth and increased to approximately 21% of the Leu-3+ cells in adults. These observations suggest the possibility of a lineal relationship between the granular Leu-3+ cells and granular Leu-3- cells with NK capability. PMID- 3155476 TI - Neocarzinostatin-induced complete regression of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. AB - We report a case of histologically confirmed pulmonary and hilar metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Complete response to neocarzinostatin has been maintained for 18 months. PMID- 3155474 TI - The use of lipid emulsion as an intravesical medium to disperse light in the potential treatment of bladder tumors. AB - An obstacle to satisfactory treatment of early bladder cancer with hematoporphyrin derivative-photoradiation therapy is nonuniform illumination of the bladder mucosa. This study was done to determine the characteristics and attenuation of laser light passing through the dispersion medium. Bladder simulation was achieved with the use of 5 different sizes of round-bottom flasks. Intralipid was the dispersion medium. For each flask, 6 different concentrations of the dispersion medium were used. An Argon ion laser was used to stimulate a dye laser at 630 nm. The laser was directed toward the center of the flasks via a fiberoptic cable and energy concentration at 7 different angles was measured. We concluded that the optimal medium was a 1:100 dilution of Intralipid with water, which produced an almost uniform dispersion of light on the walls of the flask. There is a linear correlation between power as measured at the fiber tip and the amount of radiation detected on the walls of the flasks. After determining optimal concentration of medium, we calculated the amount of time needed for a desired energy (Joules/cm.2) to treat a tumor. This calculation was based on the size of the bladder and the power as measured at the fiber tip. The results indicate it is possible to treat the entire mucosa of the bladder with a uniform dose of photoradiation energy. PMID- 3155475 TI - Comparative investigations in 26 impotent and 26 nonimpotent diabetic patients. AB - To determine the causes of diabetic impotence the same investigations were performed in 26 impotent and 26 nonimpotent diabetics. The rates of abnormalities found were almost identical in the 2 groups in regard to Doppler examination of the penile arteries, conduction velocities of the median nerves, latency times of the bulbocavernosus reflex and cystometrograms. Conversely, urine flow rates (24 of 25 versus 2 of 26 patients) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (14 of 23 versus 0 of 14 patients) were almost exclusively abnormal in the impotent diabetics. In addition, inadequate sex-specific attitudes were found in 60 per cent of the impotent diabetic men, which was the proportion found in a carefully selected sample of psychogenically impotent nondiabetic men. The distribution of the abnormalities found suggests that in most diabetic patients impotence results from the addition of a subtle abnormality of the autonomic nervous system in almost every case or psychological and arterial factors. PMID- 3155477 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Hepatitis B vaccine: evidence confirming lack of AIDS transmission. PMID- 3155478 TI - Gated cardiac magnetic resonance structural imaging: optimization by electronic axial rotation. AB - Most magnetic resonance imaging has used body orthogonal axes with the Z axis placed along the length of the body and the X and Y axes at right angles to the body. This orientation is not optimum for the heart; visualization of sections along the short and long cardiac axes would best define cardiac structural detail and functional status. The new orientation was accomplished by selection of electronic angulation of the magnetic fields for each subject rather than by attempting to approximate the cardiac axes by altering the position of the patient. This technique improved visualization of comparative wall segments, valvular structures, and the true four-chamber view of the heart, and also gave the best visualization of the pericardium. In addition, more accurate estimates of chamber size and myocardial mass can be made from the short-axis orientation, since the sections are orthogonal to the myocardium. PMID- 3155479 TI - Painful spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis studied by radiography and single photon emission computed tomography. AB - Planar bone scintigraphy (PBS) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were compared in 19 adults with radiographic evidence of spondylolysis and/or spondylolisthesis. SPECT was more sensitive than PBS when used to identify symptomatic patients and sites of "painful" defects in the pars interarticularis. In addition, SPECT allowed more accurate localization than PBS. In 6 patients, spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis was unrelated to low back pain, and SPECT images of the posterior neural arch were normal. The authors conclude that when spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis is the cause of low back pain, pars defects are frequently heralded by increased scintigraphic activity which is best detected and localized by SPECT. PMID- 3155480 TI - Thoracic radiographic changes after systemic hyperthermia for advanced cancer. AB - Systemic hyperthermia is an adjuvant method of treatment used in the management of advanced cancer; the hyperthermic state is induced by either the thermal blanket or the external blood shunt method. Strict monitoring of the cardiopulmonary status, the temperature, and the fluid balance is necessary. Chest radiographs were reviewed of 61 patients undergoing hyperthermia; pre-, intra-, and posthyperthermia radiographs were compared and significant radiographic findings tabulated. Intra- and postprocedural pulmonary edema, cardiomegaly, and pleural effusions were found in a significant number of patients. The radiologist should be familiar with systemic hyperthermia as a treatment modality for metastatic cancer and with the chest radiographic alterations resulting from it. PMID- 3155481 TI - Shear force in angioplasty: its relation to catheter design and function. AB - The inability to successfully position angioplasty catheters and the occurrence of complications during angioplasty procedures can, in part, be related to the shear forces generated during catheter introduction. Shear forces are the axial contact forces that the catheter system exerts on the inner arterial surfaces during advancement. The shear forces exerted by three different catheter designs (coaxial dilator, coaxial balloon, and linear extrusion) were measured in normal and atherosclerotic arteries; in modeled stenoses of variable severity, length, and compliance; and in modeled vessel angulations. The results with modeled vessels show that the linear extrusion catheter reduces the level of shear forces, particularly in narrow, long, noncompliant stenoses and in tortuous vessels. The stenotic artery results also show that the linear extrusion catheter minimizes these forces in tight lesions. The relative differences in forces are explained by the mechanism of action for each catheter. The reported occurrences of technical difficulties, complications, and long-term patency rates are then interpreted on the basis of the relative differences in measured shear forces. The results of this study combined with preliminary clinical data indicate that linear extrusion should facilitate placement and reduce associated complications. PMID- 3155482 TI - Side-hole balloon-angioplasty catheters. PMID- 3155483 TI - The association between cholesterol cholelithiasis and coronary heart disease in Framingham, Massachusetts. AB - A relationship between cholesterol gallstone disease and atherosclerosis or its sequellae has long been postulated but has never been adequately proven. Data for this investigation of the relationship of diagnosed cholesterol cholelithiasis to subsequent incident coronary heart disease were obtained from a review of the pre existing prospectively collected medical records of the 5,209 individuals followed since 1952 as members of the original cohort of the Framingham Heart Study. Preliminary univariate examination of these data, making no correction for time ordering of the conditions or for shared risk factors, indicated a significant modest positive association in men but no relationship in women. Logistic multiple regression analyses, allowing for the effects of time ordering and for eight standard coronary disease risk factors, confirmed these findings. The authors speculate that the presence of cholesterol gallstones in male patients may be indicative of an unfavorable lipoprotein profile. These results have clinical implications in that male gallstone patients are at increased risk for subsequent coronary disease and should be monitored accordingly. This investigation marks the first time that a relationship between these conditions has been established using a longitudinal cohort study approach. PMID- 3155484 TI - A population-based study of cancer incidence in twins and in children with congenital malformations or low birth weight, Norway, 1967-1980. AB - The incidence of childhood cancer in twins, in children with congenital malformations diagnosed at birth, and in children of low birth weight was investigated and compared with that in the total population of Norway born live from 1967-1979. Only the malformation group had a significantly increased rate of total cancer (28.3/100,000 person-years) compared with the population (14.6/100,000). The excess cancer appeared to be limited to children with Down's syndrome or a central nervous system defect, who most frequently developed leukemia or central nervous system tumors, respectively. The rates of total cancer in children of low birth weight (9.3/100,000) and in twins (13.0/100,000) were close to expected. However, twins had a significantly increased rate of renal cancer (rate ratio = 4.1). The documented associations between cancers and congenital malformations are suggestive of some common etiologic factors which warrant further studies for their identification and for elucidating possible means of prevention. PMID- 3155485 TI - The Mongoloid model. PMID- 3155486 TI - Are there antibodies against brain in sera from schizophrenic patients? Review and prospectus. PMID- 3155487 TI - Expression of NK-lineage markers on peripheral blood lymphocytes with T-helper (Leu3+/T4+) phenotype in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Heterogeneity within lymphocyte subsets expressing T-helper (T4+/Leu3+) or T suppressor (T8+/Leu2+) markers was analyzed in 38 patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and in 11 age-matched controls. Co-expression of NK lineage markers (M1, Leu7) on Leu2+ or Leu3+ cells was investigated by two-color immunofluorescence, and the proportion of granular lymphocytes within each subset was determined by cytochemical staining for acid phosphatase. B-CLL patients and normal controls had similar absolute numbers of cells per microL with T suppressor phenotype. However, the proportion of Leu2+ cells co-expressing the Leu7 antigen was higher in the B-CLL patients than in the control subjects (54 +/ 3% v 27 +/- 4%, P less than .0001). The absolute number per microL of cells with T-helper phenotype was somewhat decreased in B-CLL patients compared with normal subjects (649 +/- 104 v 799 +/- 33, P less than .02), with a consequent decrease of the helper/suppressor ratio. Furthermore, co-expression of the Leu7 and, more strikingly, of the M1 markers was increased significantly on Leu3+ cells from B CLL patients compared with normal controls (11 +/- 2% v 2 +/- 0.7%, P less than .002 for Leu7 and 40 +/- 5% v 4 +/- 1%, P less than .00001 for M1). Cytochemical studies showed that a large proportion of Leu3+ cells from B-CLL patients were granular lymphocytes, as suggested by the co-expression of natural killer (NK) cell markers. The emergence of a population of Leu3+ granular lymphocytes with NK markers, which is barely detectable in normal subjects, may provide an explanation for the impairment of T cell functions repeatedly described in B-CLL. PMID- 3155488 TI - Quantitation of membrane glycoprotein IIIa on intact human platelets using the monoclonal antibody, AP-3. AB - A murine monoclonal antibody specific for glycoprotein (GP)IIIa was prepared by immunization with a GPIIb- and GPIIIa-enriched Triton X-114 extract of platelet membranes. This antibody, designated AP-3, was shown by indirect immunoprecipitation to react solely with GPIIIa derived from either P1A1-positive or -negative individuals. The epitope on GPIIIa recognized by AP-3 is expressed on dissociated GPIIIa as well as on Ca+2-dependent complexes of GPIIb and GPIIIa, as shown by crossed immunoelectrophoresis in the presence or absence of EDTA. A previously described monoclonal antibody specific for the GPIIb/IIIa complex (AP 2) inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin, collagen, or arachidonic acid (Pidard et al, J Biol Chem 258:12582-12586, 1983). In contrast, AP-3 had no effect on aggregation induced by any of these reagents, a finding similar to that previously reported for the GPIIb-specific monoclonal antibody, Tab (McEver et al, J Clin Invest 66:1311-1318, 1980). At saturation, 40,200 AP-3 molecules were bound per platelet, a value similar to that obtained for AP-2 or Tab. Thus, data derived using AP-3 indicate that significant amounts of free GPIIIa are not present, thereby supporting the hypothesis that GPIIb and GPIIIa exist complexed in a 1:1 stoichiometry in the plasma membrane of intact, nonactivated platelets. PMID- 3155490 TI - Killer cell activity of human monoblastic leukemia cells as detected with a monocyte-specific target cell. AB - Peripheral blood leukemia cells from patients with acute monoblastic leukemia (AMoL) were tested for killer cell activity against target cells that detected natural killer cell-mediated or monocyte-mediated spontaneous cytotoxicity. The fibrosarcoma cell line Wehi 164, pretreated with actinomycin D to induce susceptibility to lysis, specifically detects the activity of unstimulated human monocytes. In four of six cases of AMoL, high killer cell activity could be measured against this target. In three of these four cases, the killer cell activity could be assigned exclusively to the leukemic clone, based on the high leukocyte counts and the resultant dilution of normal cells, as evidenced by marker and by functional analysis. While leukemic cells with killer cell activity against Wehi 164 contained 34% to 45% cells that were positive for binding of the 63D3 monoclonal antibody, the two leukemic samples without killer cell activity contained only 1% and 12% 63D3-positive cells. Cell sorting of 63D3-positive and negative cells from two leukemias with killer cell activity demonstrated that the killer cell activity was restricted to the 63D3-positive fraction of AMoL cells. These data demonstrate that monoblastic leukemia cells can be potent killer cells and that killing activity is linked to the 63D3-defined cell surface molecule. PMID- 3155489 TI - Plasmin effect on platelet glycoprotein Ib-von Willebrand factor interactions. AB - We have studied the effect of streptokinase on platelets in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and of plasmin on washed platelets. By three and one-half minutes after the addition of 50,000 IU/mL streptokinase to PRP, the maximum rate of ristocetin induced platelet agglutination declined 40%, and by 60 minutes, it declined 70%. During the same time interval, the thrombin time increased from 20 seconds to over 120 seconds. At a concentration as low as 50 IU/mL, streptokinase reduced the maximum rate of ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination by 50% and prolonged the thrombin time to 1.5 times control value. Streptokinase added to PRP also caused inhibition of platelet aggregation following stimulation by 2.9 mumol/L adenosine diphosphate, 0.25 U/mL thrombin, and 0.025 mg/mL collagen. Plasmin, 0.05 to 1.0 CU/mL, reduced ristocetin-mediated agglutination of washed platelets in the presence of von Willebrand factor (vWF) from 66% of control to 2% of control, following a one-hour incubation. Autoradiograms produced following sodium dodecyl-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of plasmin-treated 125I-surface-labeled platelets demonstrated progressive loss of a protein with a molecular weight (mol wt) of 180,000; simultaneously, a protein with mol wt 135,000 appeared on autoradiograms produced following SDS-PAGE of the surrounding platelet medium. These proteins are similar in molecular weight to glycoprotein (gp) Ib, a platelet surface receptor for vWF, and glycocalicin, a proteolytic fragment of gpIb. By use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based immunoinhibition assay for glycocalicin, we were able to demonstrate that plasmin treatment of washed platelets released a glycocalicin-related antigen into the surrounding medium and that appearance of this material corresponding to loss of vWF-dependent, ristocetin-induced agglutination. PMID- 3155491 TI - Clinical response of a patient with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma to adoptive chemoimmunotherapy using cyclophosphamide and alloactivated haploidentical lymphocytes. A case report and phase I trial. AB - Adoptive chemoimmunotherapy has cured experimentally induced tumors in animals, but its clinical use has been limited. Six patients were treated with refractory neoplasms in a Phase I study with cyclophosphamide (CPM) and alloactivated haploidentical lymphocytes. Patients received an immunosuppressive dose of CPM (800 mg/m2) followed by haploidentical lymphocytes primed in vitro with alloantigens in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). One week later patients received a second infusion of alloactivated lymphocytes expanded in T-cell growth factor (TCGF). The total number of cells given to each patient progressively increased, with a single patient receiving 35.5 X 10(9) cells. Transient febrile responses and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions at the intravenous sites were the only toxicities noted. A complete clinical response lasting 12 weeks was seen in a single patient with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. Our experience indicates that adoptive chemoimmunotherapy can be given to patients safely and merits further clinical testing. PMID- 3155492 TI - Isozymic composition and regulatory properties of phosphofructokinase from well differentiated and anaplastic medullary thyroid carcinomas of the rat. AB - Acceleration of glycolysis is, in general, a characteristic of neoplasia. Previous studies have shown that this increase in glycolysis is achieved by quantitative increases in the activities of the key regulatory enzymes, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and/or pyruvate kinase, which are often accompanied by isozymic alterations that facilitate glycolysis. In this study, we investigated the alterations in the activity, isozymic profile, and kinetic regulatory properties of PFK from the medullary thyroid carcinomas of the rat, which represent a model for the neuroectodermally derived tumors in humans. Contrary to the expected, we found that undifferentiated tumors showed a decrease in the enzyme activity as compared to the highly differentiated tumors. This decrease in PFK activity was accompanied by an increase in the expression of the liver-type isozyme of PFK. The enzymes from the 2 tumor types showed no significant differences in their affinity and cooperativity toward the substrates, fructose 6-phosphate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). However, the tumor PFKs showed major differences with respect to their behavior toward the allosteric regulators of the enzymes, ATP, citrate, and fructose 2,6-diphosphate; the latter is a recently discovered activator of the enzyme. The enzyme from the undifferentiated tumor was less sensitive to citrate inhibition, which was more readily reversed by cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate. In addition, it was less sensitive to ATP inhibition at low fructose 6-phosphate concentrations. More importantly, the enzyme from the undifferentiated tumors was more sensitive to the activation by fructose 2,6-diphosphate especially when inhibited by citrate and ATP. The altered regulatory properties of the enzyme from the undifferentiated tumors most probably reflect its altered isozymic composition, i.e., increase in the liver-type isozyme. The preferential expression of the liver-type isozyme by undifferentiated and rapidly replicating cancer cells may be explained in terms of the unique regulatory properties of this isozyme. Although the concentrations of fructose 2,6-diphosphate were comparable in these 2 tumor types, the higher sensitivity of the liver-type PFK to activation by this compound may permit accelerated glycolytic flux observed in undifferentiated tumors, despite a decrease in total PFK activity. PMID- 3155493 TI - Inhibition of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced skin papillomas and carcinomas by dehydroepiandrosterone and 3-beta-methylandrost-5-en-17-one in mice. AB - Topical application of the adrenal steroid, dehydroepiandrosterone, or the synthetic steroid, 3-beta-methylandrost-5-en-17-one, which unlike dehydroepiandrosterone is not demonstrably uterotrophic, inhibits 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced skin papillomas and carcinomas in the CD-1 mouse. PMID- 3155494 TI - Enzyme activities in prostatic carcinoma related to Gleason grades. AB - In an effort to identify enzymatic activities in primary prostatic carcinomas that might be complementary to histological and other clinical techniques for the prediction of prognosis, we have assayed several enzymatic activities extracted from prostatic carcinomas. We reported previously that, for each of the studied enzymes, tissues with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma showed significantly different activities. With additional patients now included and a longer interval since resection of these tumors, we have found that the histological grade (Gleason's system for grading) of the sample (prostate chip) analyzed is related to several activities extracted from the cancers including arginase (r = -0.81, p less than 0.0001), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (r = 0.72, p less than 0.0001), and the B isoenzyme of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (r = -0.58, p = 0.0369). Acid phosphatase (r = 0.15, p = 0.5530) and the BB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (r = -0.13, p = 0.5221) are not significantly related to histological grade. In a large series, Gleason grade is related to survival. In our series of 27 patients followed for 20 to 46 months, the Gleason grade (p = 0.22) is not related to survival, but arginase activity is related (p = 0.0392) to survival. In this small series, arginase is more valuable than the best currently proven predictor of survival, Gleason grade. Hexosaminidase B activity approaches being significantly (p = 0.0575) related to survival. Of the 11 patients whose tumors contained the lowest arginase activities, eight are dead. Of the 11 with the highest activities, only one is dead. Several of the enzyme activities in this series of 27 patients complemented each other for the prediction of Gleason grade; for example, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, arginase, and the BB isoenzyme of creatine kinase were more closely correlated (multiple correlation coefficient, r = 0.77) with the Gleason grade for all chips than was any single enzyme: arginase, r = -0.67; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, r = 0.67; creatine kinase, r = -0.16. It seems likely that enzymatic analysis may provide an approach that is qualitatively different from and complementary to histological evaluation for the prediction of prognosis in prostatic carcinoma. Verification of this hypothesis will require more patients followed over a longer period of time and will probably be facilitated by analysis of several samples from different locations in each tumor. PMID- 3155496 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, a 1985 perspective. PMID- 3155495 TI - Interactions of benzo(a)pyrene diol-epoxides with linear and supercoiled DNA. AB - Previous spectroscopic studies of the major adduct formed by reaction of (+/-) 7r,8t-dihydroxy-9t, 10t-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene (BPDE-I) with linear DNA have been interpreted to suggest that the adduct is not intercalated in the double helix. However, studies of the electrophoretic mobility of supercoiled DNA treated with BPDE-I suggest that the adduct is intercalated. To resolve these interpretations, we have studied the reaction of BPDE-I with supercoiled and linear DNA. The kinetics of DNA-catalyzed hydrolysis and of covalent binding are similar for the two DNAs; supercoiled DNA exhibits a 20% increase in the rate of hydrolysis of BPDE-I at low DNA concentration compared to linear DNA. Fluorescence excitation spectra and fluorescence quenching experiments provide no support for a model in which BPDE-I adducts are intercalated in supercoiled DNA. When deoxyribonucleoside adducts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, identical distributions of BPDE-I adducts were found for supercoiled and linear DNA. These data are consistent with a previously proposed model (Hogan, M. E., Dattagupta, N., and Whitlock, J.P., Jr. J. Biol. Chem., 256: 4504-4513, 1981; Taylor, E.R., Miller, K. J., and Bleyer, A. J. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn., 1: 883-904, 1983), in which the major BPDE I adduct in both linear and supercoiled DNA exists in a conformation which allows stacking with the neighboring base pair and introduces a "kink" into the path of the helical axis. Although this model provides an explanation for all available experimental data, there are undoubtedly other DNA adduct conformational models which are also consistent with the data. PMID- 3155497 TI - Morphologic changes in the pulmonary arteries after percutaneous balloon angioplasty for pulmonary arterial stenosis. AB - The pathologic appearance of pulmonary arteries subjected to balloon dilation was studied in four subjects with stenosis of pulmonary arteries. Nine vessels were dilated. Successful dilation in seven vessels was accompanied by intimal disruption and tearing of the media. In one vessel, at the site of a previous surgical procedure, dilation could not be accomplished. Histologically, this vessel was encased by reactive fibrous tissue, which may have precluded successful dilation. In one case, simultaneous rupture of the dilating balloon and the left pulmonary artery occurred. Morphologic examination could not adequately explain the cause of vessel rupture. Among the six vessels successfully dilated and studied 4 to 14 months after the dilation, the postdilation luminal diamter had been maintained. Tears in the intima and media as seen histologically had been filled in by scar tissue. In one artery a dilated segment distal to a residual obstruction revealed marked intimal proliferation. PMID- 3155498 TI - Left ventricular chamber filling and midwall fiber lengthening in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: overestimation of fiber velocities by conventional midwall measurements. AB - Observations that the inner (subendocardial) half of the left ventricular wall contributes more to total left ventricular wall thickening than the outer (subepicardial) half may have important implications in the analysis of myocardial fiber length transients. Accordingly, we measured endocardial and midwall shortening and lengthening rates in normal and hypertrophic heart and compared the results obtained with conventional methods of measurement with those obtained with a modified model that does not depend on use of conventional assumptions about the midwall. This modified (two-shell) cylindrical model) method considers the substantial contribution of inner wall thickening and thus does not require the assumption of a theoretical midwall fiber that remains at the midwall throughout the cardiac cycle. Echocardiographic data from six normal subjects and six patients with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were examined; left ventricular wall thickness ranged from 8 to 10 mm in normal subjects and from 11 to 16 mm in the patients with LVH. By design, the standard measurements of left ventricular size (diastolic and systolic dimensions) and systolic function (fractional shortening and endocardial fiber shortening velocities) were equal in the two groups. Endocardial, conventional midwall, and modified midwall methods all indicate reduced fiber lengthening rates in patients with LVH; peak fiber lengthening rates for normal and LVH groups were 4.5 +/- 0.7 vs 3.1 +/- 0.8 sec-1 (p less than .02) at the endocardium, 2.3 +/- 0.4 vs 1.6 +/- 0.4 sec-1 (p less than .02) at the midwall (conventional method), and 2.1 +/- 0.3 vs 1.4 +/- 0.3 sec-1 (p less than .01) at the midwall (modified method).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3155499 TI - Asynchronous left ventricular regional function and impaired global diastolic filling in patients with coronary artery disease: reversal after coronary angioplasty. AB - Left ventricular diastolic filling is impaired in many patients with coronary artery disease and normal left ventricular systolic function, and is improved in many patients after coronary angioplasty (PTCA). To investigate the mechanisms for this improvement, we studied regional asynchrony by radionuclide angiography in 26 patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease before and after successful PTCA. Before PTCA, all patients had normal ejection fractions at rest and normal qualitative left ventricular regional wall motion, as determined by radionuclide and contrast angiography. Quantitative left ventricular regional function was assessed by dividing the left ventricular region of interest into 20 sectors. Phase analysis was performed on each sector's time-activity curve, and the average intersector phase difference was used as an index of left ventricular regional synchrony. Before PTCA, average intersector phase difference was increased compared with normal (6.0 +/- 2.2 vs 4.0 +/- 1.7 degrees, p less than .005), indicating asynchronous regional function. After PTCA, ejection fraction at rest was unchanged, but peak left ventricular filling rate at rest increased from 2.5 +/- 0.6 to 3.0 +/- 0.6 end-diastolic volume/sec (p less than .001) and was associated with a decrease in average intersector phase difference from 6.0 +/- 2.2 to 5.1 +/- 2.3 degrees (p less than .05). Average intersector phase difference decreased in 16 of 21 patients in whom peak filling rate increased after PTCA (p less than .005), compared with one of five patients in whom peak filling rate was unchanged or decreased. Hence, improved global left ventricular filling after PTCA was associated with more synchronous left ventricular regional behavior. To identify the cause of regional asynchrony before PTCA, we then generated time-activity curves from each of four left ventricular quadrants. These data indicated that the asynchrony was caused by regional variation in timing of diastolic rather than systolic events and that PTCA resulted in reduction in regional diastolic asynchrony. These data suggest that in many patients with coronary artery disease and normal left ventricular systolic function, impaired global diastolic filling may result from asynchronous left ventricular regional diastolic function, which is a reversible manifestation of myocardial ischemia or reduced coronary flow. PMID- 3155500 TI - Inotropic therapy for refractory congestive heart failure with oral fenoximone (MDL-17,043): poor long-term results despite early hemodynamic and clinical improvement. AB - Thirteen male patients with NYHA class IV congestive heart failure refractory to conventional therapy were treated with oral fenoximone, a new imidazole compound with inotropic and vasodilator effects, for a mean duration of 11 weeks (range 2 to 34). On initial hemodynamic evaluation, the effects of oral fenoximone were comparable to those of the intravenous form and included a significant (p = .0001) increase in cardiac index (mean +/- SD) (1.7 +/- 0.4 to 3.0 +/- 0.7 liters/min/m2) and a significant (p = .0001) but modest decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (27 +/- 6 to 23 +/- 6 mm Hg), with only minor overall changes in heart rate and arterial blood pressure. Symptomatic improvement by at least one NYHA class was observed in all patients during the first week of therapy with fenoximone; however, severe and symptomatic congestive heart failure recurred in seven patients within an average of 8 weeks after initiation of therapy, resulting in death in all seven. Of the remaining six patients, two died suddenly at home within 3 weeks of initiation of therapy, one died from ventricular fibrillation in the hospital 7 weeks after initiation of therapy, and two died from noncardiac causes. One patient is currently alive with NYHA class II heart failure 21 weeks after the initiation of therapy. Partial or complete attenuation of hemodynamic efficacy of oral fenoximone during long-term administration was demonstrated during repeat hemodynamic evaluation in six of eight patients. We conclude that despite short-term hemodynamic and clinical benefits, oral fenoximone therapy in patients with NYHA class IV congestive heart failure does not produce sustained clinical or hemodynamic benefit and is associated with a high mortality. PMID- 3155501 TI - Determination of plasma beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin by cation-exchange liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. AB - In this method for rapid separation of beta-endorphin (beta-EP) and beta lipotropin (beta-LPH) in plasma, most of the plasma proteins in a 0.5- to 2.0-mL sample of plasma are precipitated with acetonitrile at pH 4.7. beta-EP and beta LPH in the supernate are completely separated by liquid chromatography on a cation-exchange column, with gradient elution with volatile buffers, and are eluted in 1.5- to 2.0-mL volumes. After lyophilization, the redissolved beta-EP and beta-LPH are determined by radioimmunoassay. The respective mean concentrations of immunoreactive beta-EP and beta-LPH in plasma of nonpregnant women were 4.0 (SD 2.0) and 5.1 (SD 3.0) pmol/L; during labor, 33.3 (SD 25) and 69.6 (SD 41) pmol/L; and in venous plasma from umbilical cords after spontaneous labor, 38.6 (SD 18) and 38.7 (SD 19) pmol/L. PMID- 3155502 TI - Anti-Ia reactivity in sera of untreated patients with active Hodgkin's disease. AB - The effect of sera from eight patients with Hodgkin's disease on the autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte response of normal individuals was examined. Sera from three patients with active disease caused marked inhibition of both autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction without inducing significant reduction of the phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferative response. The inhibitory activity of Hodgkin's disease sera on the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction was removed by adsorption with non-T, but not T, lymphocytes and it was correlated with the ability of such sera to block the binding of monoclonal anti Ia antibody to Ia-positive target cells. Anti-Ia antibodies were detected in the same sera by double antibody radioimmunoassay and analysis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, using 125I-labeled, partially purified, Ia antigens from two different human B-cell lines. This anti-Ia reactivity was strongly reduced or absent in sera taken from the same patients at the completion of multidrug chemotherapy. PMID- 3155503 TI - Low capacity of erythrocytes to bind with immune complexes via C3b receptor in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: correlation with pathological proteinuria. AB - Erythrocytes from 51 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 75 controls were tested for the capacity to bind aggregated human gamma-globulin labeled with radioiodine in the presence of complement. Both in patients and controls, a trimodal distribution of binding capacity was observed. Low (less than 9% of the added radioactivity), intermediate (9-17%), and high binding (more than 17%) were observed in 13, 58, and 29% in controls and in 49, 43 and 8% in lupus patients. The low binding capacity of erythrocytes persisted even after patients entered remission following steroid therapy. A genetic control of binding capacity was supported by familial surveys. Prevalence of pathological proteinuria was significantly higher in patients with low binding capacity than those with intermediate or high binding capacity (16/25 vs 7/26, P less than 0.01). These results indicate that an impaired physiological disposal of immune complexes via the erythrocyte C3b receptor in lupus patients may contribute to the development of renal involvement. PMID- 3155504 TI - Some evidence for the in vivo functional activation of suppressor T cells in asymptomatic patients with hemophilia A receiving Factor VIII concentrates. AB - Of 14 asymptomatic hemophilia A patients receiving factor VIII concentrates, 11 severe hemophilia patients had an inverted T-helper/suppressor ratio but 3 moderate patients had a normal ratio. Most hemophilia patients showed poor lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens and diminished in vitro immunoglobulin-producing ability of lymphocytes. One important finding was that most patients were found to have increased numbers of Ia-like antigen-positive suppressor T cells, suggesting that circulation activated suppressor T cells. In addition, OKT8+ suppressor T cells from severe hemophilia patients showed strong suppressor activity on B-cell differentiation in a Nocardia delipidated cell mitogen-driven system, whereas those from normal age-matched controls showed no suppressor function. These results suggested that suppressor T cells in hemophilia patients treated with factors might be already activated in vivo by undetermined mechanisms, implying the presence of a peculiar immunoregulatory status in this disease. PMID- 3155505 TI - Effects of Cd2+ upon Ca2+ fluxes and proliferation in concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocytes. AB - The mitogenic response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to the lectin concanavalin A (conA) is inhibited by micromolar concentrations of CdCl2. This inhibition is partially relieved by an increase in the external Ca2+ concentration (from 0.6 to 2.2 mM). The initial rate of conA-induced 45Ca2+ influx is unaltered by CdCl2, although the level of 45Ca2+ accumulation increases. The basal rate of 45Ca2+ entry is not measurably disturbed by CdCl2 (100 microM). The steady-state efflux of 45Ca2+ and the calmodulin-activated (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity of erythrocyte ghosts are inhibited by CdCl2 (10 microM). Thus, the mechanism behind the Cd2+-induced suppression of the mitogenic response to conA is not due to alteration of mitogen-stimulated Ca2+ influx. We suggest that Cd2+ competes with Ca2+ for intracellular Ca2+-binding molecules, such as calmodulin, essential for the induction of cell proliferation. PMID- 3155506 TI - Physical, metabolic, and hormonal effects on men of long-term therapy with medroxyprogesterone acetate. AB - Twenty-three men were treated with injectable medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for sex-offending behavior. The physical, hormonal, and metabolic effects were monitored. The patients had significant (P less than 0.001) weight gain and increases (P less than 0.0001) in systolic blood pressure independent of weight gain. MPA therapy decreased testosterone (P less than 0.0001), luteinizing hormone (P less than 0.005), and testicular size (P less than 0.001), but not follicle-stimulating hormone. MPA's suppression of total sperm count was not consistent, but MPA significantly reduced sperm motility (P less than 0.001) and percent normal morphology (P less than 0.005). Statistically insignificant increases in insulin response without changes in glucose tolerance occurred in all patients, but only one patient developed overt diabetes mellitus. Three men developed gallstones, but none had significant changes in liver function. Patients receiving high-dose MPA therapy should be carefully monitored for blood pressure changes, diabetes mellitus, and gallbladder dysfunction. PMID- 3155507 TI - Intrauterine bone contraceptive device: an accident of nature. AB - Ultrasonography and hysterosalpingography led to discovery of four bony plates retained in the uterine fundus after an abortion 33 months earlier and which had apparently led to secondary infertility in a 26-year-old woman. Removal of the bony plates was soon followed by a successful pregnancy. PMID- 3155508 TI - Is low temperature of the follicular fluid prior to ovulation necessary for normal oocyte development? AB - Because low temperature in the testis is essential to normal spermatogenesis, we speculated whether a low follicular temperature could also be of importance for the oocytes as they resume meiosis at ovulation. We measured the temperature of the follicular fluid and of the ovarian stroma in 26 follicles in 14 women. In 25 follicles (13 women) the follicular fluid was colder than the ovarian stroma. This temperature difference increases toward ovulation (maximum, 2.3 degrees C). In one case, the measurements of the follicular/stromal temperature difference showed an inverse pattern, the follicular fluid being 0.2 degree C warmer than the stroma. This woman was infertile, and oocyte evaluation for in vitro fertilization had five times shown the oocytes unable to divide in culture. The present study supports the idea that low temperature of the follicular fluid prior to ovulation may be essential for normal oocyte development. PMID- 3155509 TI - Altered follicular development in clomiphene citrate versus human menopausal gonadotropin-stimulated cycles for in vitro fertilization. AB - The pattern of periovulatory and luteal phase serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) as well as follicular fluid (FF) E2, P, androgen, gonadotropin, and prolactin concentrations of eight women undergoing clomiphene citrate (CC)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation and eight women undergoing human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG)/hCG stimulation of follicular development for the purpose of in vitro fertilization were compared. Ovulation was induced with either a 5-day course of CC (100 mg/day beginning on day 5 of the cycle) or an individualized hMG regimen, and laparoscopy was performed 36 hours after hCG administration. The length of the luteal phase was significantly longer (P less than 0.05) in the CC-treated group as compared with the hMG-treated group. The pattern of serum E2 levels differed significantly (P less than 0.01) in that E2 levels were lower in the early and midluteal phase in CC-stimulated cycles; in addition, a delayed second E2 peak was observed in the late luteal phase in these women. Serum P levels, however, were lower in the hMG-stimulated group. Analysis of FF hormone concentrations revealed significantly (P less than 0.05) higher concentrations of E2 and androsterone in the FF of hMG-treated patients. It is concluded that follicular development in CC-stimulated cycles differs markedly from that in hMG-stimulated cycles. These differences may reflect either an altered follicular maturational process or may represent a direct inhibitory effect of CC on follicular steroidogenesis. PMID- 3155510 TI - Ultrasound guidance for human embryo transfer. AB - Embryo transfer is facilitated with ultrasound guidance. The 16 ultrasound-guided transfers were rated easier, and there was less catheter distortion, in comparison with 12 transfers guided by "clinical feel." The benefits we ascribe to ultrasound guidance are as follows: (1) transfers can be done with the patient supine in the lithotomy position; (2) the catheter tip is accurately positioned in the fundus of the uterine cavity; (3) the ejection of the transfer bubble into the uterus and its persistence during catheter removal and documented; and (4) the continuance of the bubble is comforting to the patient. Greater experience is needed before the impact of ultrasound-guided transfer can be correlated with the rate of pregnancy continuance. PMID- 3155512 TI - Enhanced reappearance of fast fibers in regenerating crayfish claw closer muscles. AB - In the pristine claws of adult crayfish the muscle fibers of the closer are all of slow type as judged by sarcomere lengths of greater than 6 micron, and a uniform degree of myofibrillar ATPase activity. In regenerating claws of mature and immature crayfish, the muscle has a central band of fast type fibers as characterized by shorter sarcomeres (less than 6 micron) and a higher degree of ATPase activity than the surrounding slow fibers. During primary development, the closer muscle has a fiber composition similar to that of the regenerating muscle except for a smaller proportion of fast fibers. Thus the reappearance of fast fibers during regeneration recapitulates ontogeny while their enhanced proportions may reflect epigenetic influences such as restriction of nerve mediated muscle activity in the limb bud. PMID- 3155511 TI - Increased 5 alpha-reductase activity in idiopathic hirsutism. AB - In vitro, genital skin 5 alpha-reductase activity (5 alpha-RA) was measured in ten hirsute women with normal androgen levels (idiopathic hirsutism [IH]) and in ten hirsute women with elevated androgen levels (polycystic ovary syndrome [PCO]) in order to determine the influence of secreted androgens on 5 alpha-RA. In vitro 5 alpha-RA was assessed by incubations of skin with 14C-testosterone (T) for 2 hours, after which steroids were separated and the radioactivity of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 5 alpha-androstane 3 alpha-17 beta-estradiol (3 alpha-diol) in specific eluates were determined. All androgens were normal in IH with the exception of higher levels of 3 alpha-diol glucuronide which were similar to the levels of PCO. The conversion ratio (CR) of T to DHT in IH (17.18% +/- 4.6%) and PCO (17.86% +/- 5.2%) were similar, yet significantly greater than the CR of control subjects (4.48% +/- 0.36% P less than 0.01). The CR of T to 3 alpha-diol in IH (8.00% +/- 1.38%) and PCO (10.36% +/- 1.0%) were similar, yet higher than in control subjects (2.96% +/- 0.32%; P less than 0.05). Serum androgens showed no correlation with 5 alpha-RA, while the CR of T to DHT showed a significant positive correlation with the Ferriman and Gallwey score (r = 0.61; P less than 0.01). The increased 5 alpha-RA in IH appears to be independent of serum androgen levels and is, therefore, an inherent abnormality. The term "idiopathic" is a misnomer, because hirsutism in these patients may be explained on the basis of increased skin 5 alpha-RA. PMID- 3155513 TI - Mononuclear cell complement receptor blockade in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Peripheral blood monocyte and lymphocyte receptors for Fc and C3b fragments were examined in vitro in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases using sheep red blood cells coated with anti-SRBC IgG1 (to detect Fc receptors) and with anti-SRBC IgM and complement (to detect C3b receptors). The number of C3b receptors detected on 100 monocytes was significantly lower in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (23.0 +/- 12.0, mean +/- 1 SD) compared with normal controls (57.4 +/- 16.9) and other chronic liver disease (HBsAg negative chronic active hepatitis 62.0 +/- 17.0, alcoholic cirrhosis 50.9 +/- 4.0), while the number of Fc receptors detected on 100 monocytes was not significantly different in all the groups (primary biliary cirrhosis 72.8 +/- 28.6, chronic active hepatitis 74.7 +/- 14.0, alcoholic cirrhosis 58.0 +/- 13.5 and normal controls 69.6 +/- 19.9). When mononuclear cells isolated from normal individuals were pre-incubated with serum from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis before testing their receptor function there was a significant reduction in the number of C3b receptors detected per 100 monocytes (27.6 +/- 10.8) compared with pre-incubation with normal serum (72.0 +/- 18.0). This reduction in C3b-receptor function was again observed when the serum used for pre incubation was depleted of circulating immune complexes; but when complement was further depleted from these sera, the number of C3b-receptors detected after pre incubation was similar to normal values (64.0 +/- 11.8). Lymphocyte receptors showed a similar pattern of results. This implies a specific C3b receptor blockade on monocytes and lymphocytes from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis which appears to be because of blocking by serum factor(s) including complement fragments. PMID- 3155514 TI - Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid exopolysaccharide in adherence to tracheal cells. AB - The mucoid exopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is thought to confer antiphagocytic properties on mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa, thus allowing them to persist in the respiratory tract. It has also been speculated that the mucoid exopolysaccharide may be the adhesin for mucoid strains, but proof is lacking. We studied the role of the mucoid exopolysaccharide in adherence of mucoid strains in competitive experiments with purified mucoid exopolysaccharide, by measuring the binding of 14C-labeled mucoid exopolysaccharide to injured tracheas and testing whether an antibody against the major epitope of the mucoid exopolysaccharide inhibits adherence of these organisms. Our data show that the purified mucoid exopolysaccharide increased the adherence of four of the mucoid strains tested (by 50 to 300%; P less than 0.001) instead of inhibiting adherence. Radiolabeled mucoid exopolysaccharide bound much better to injured tracheal cells than to normal tracheal cells (P less than 0.001), and antibody against the antigen of strain 2192, the strain from which mucoid exopolysaccharide was prepared, inhibited the adherence of four of five mucoid strains but not the strain lacking this antigen. This antibody also failed to inhibit a nonmucoid revertant from strain 2192, which was previously shown to be inhibited by pili. These data strongly support the thesis that the mucoid exopolysaccharide is the adhesion for mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa. PMID- 3155515 TI - Suppression of primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes in susceptible and resistant mice infected with Giardia muris. AB - The kinetics of anti-sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) response were studied in susceptible (A/J) and resistant (B10.A) mice during infection with Giardia muris. Mice infected with G. muris were found to be less responsive to either intraperitoneally or intraduodenally administered SRBC. Immunodepression was of relatively short duration, occurring during the period of highest trophozoite density in the small intestine, and was present in both spleen and, in particular, mesenteric lymph node cell populations. The main difference in the kinetics of anti-SRBC responses between A/J and B10.A mice was that susceptible mice were significantly less responsive to SRBCs than were the resistant B10.A animals. The difference in the kinetics of the anti-SRBC response between A/J and B10.A mice was not due to T-suppressor cell activity. Mesenteric lymph node cell transfers but not spleen cell transfers from infected mice to syngeneic recipients caused depressed normal anti-SRBC response. Furthermore, administration of the soluble extract of the trophozoites to uninfected mice resulted in a depressed response against SRBCs. Pronounced immunodepression in gut-associated lymphoid tissues may be more relevant than systemic immunodepression to survival and reproduction of trophozoites in murine giardiasis. PMID- 3155516 TI - Modification of thiols of gizzard myosin alters ATPase activity, stability of myosin filaments, and the 6-10 S conformational transition. AB - The pattern of incorporation of [14C]N-ethylmaleimide (MalNEt) into gizzard myosin indicates the presence of two classes of thiols: rapidly and slowly modified. The first class contains two thiol residues, SH-A and SH-B, located in the myosin rod and the 17-kDa light chain, respectively, while the second contains at least two thiols located in the myosin heavy chain. Changes in ATPase activities upon modification occur rapidly or slowly, paralleling reaction of either the first or second class of thiols. Rapid changes include increases in the Ca2+- and Mg2+-activated activities of myosin alone, measured at ionic strengths below 0.3 M, and an increase and a decrease in the actin-activated activity of dephosphorylated and phosphorylated myosin, respectively. Modification of SH-A and SH-B with MalNEt is accompanied by stabilization of myosin filaments, seen as an increase in light-scattering intensity, and by destabilization of the folded, 10 S conformation of the myosin monomer. In the presence of 0.175 M NaCl and 1 mM MgATP, unmodified and MalNEt-modified myosin sediment in the ultracentrifuge as single components at 10.0 S and 6.0 S, respectively. The MalNEt-induced increase in the Ca2+- or Mg2+-activated ATPase activity, measured in the absence of actin, can be attributed either to stabilization of filaments or to destabilization of the 10 S conformation, depending on the ionic strength of the assay. Modification of the second class of thiols is accompanied by a decrease in K+-EDTA-activated activity and an increase in Ca2+-activated activity measured above 0.3 M NaCl, where myosin neither forms filaments nor assumes the 10 S conformation. These slow changes are characteristic of blocking the SH-1 thiols of skeletal-muscle myosin, but in gizzard myosin are attributable to modification of a less reactive thiol, SH-C. PMID- 3155518 TI - Myosin from human erythrocytes. AB - We have purified myosin from human erythrocytes using methods similar to that for other cytoplasmic myosins with a yield of about 500 micrograms/100 ml of packed cells. It consists of a 200-kDa heavy chain and light chains of 26- and 19.5 kDa and therefore differs from the isozyme in platelets which has light chains of 20- and 15 kDa. At low ionic strength, the myosin forms short bipolar filaments like those of platelet myosin. Eight of eight monoclonal antibodies to platelet myosin also bind to erythrocyte myosin. Like most myosins, it has a high ATPase activity in the presence of Ca2+ or EDTA, but is inhibited by Mg2+. Myosin light-chain kinase transfers 1 phosphate from ATP to the 20-kDa light chain, and this stimulates the actin-activated ATPase. Thus, myosin may play a role in shape changes in the erythrocytes. PMID- 3155517 TI - Changes in Ca2+ affinity related to conformational transitions in the phosphorylated state of soluble monomeric Ca2+-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Changes in Ca2+ binding after phosphorylation of membranous or detergent solubilized preparations of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase with ATP were followed spectrophotometrically by the use of murexide. Distinct Ca2+ release from the two high-affinity translocation sites was observed, particularly at alkaline pH and at low Ca2+/Mg2+ concentration ratios. Phosphorylation also induced additional binding of Ca2+ at a third site in competition with Mg2+. Ca2+ release was increased after solubilization of Ca2+-ATPase in predominantly monomeric form with the nonionic detergent octaethyleneglycol monododecyl ether. At 0 degree C, chemical-quench studies with [32P]ATP indicated that release of Ca2+ is correlated with the level of ADP-insensitive phosphoenzyme (2 mol of Ca2+ released per mol of E2P formed), both for membranous and detergent solubilized Ca2+-ATPase. Ca2+ release was also found to be accompanied by changes in intrinsic fluorescence. Analysis of the data at 20 degrees C, pH 8.0, showed that binding of Ca2+ to transport sites on E2P occurs with a half-saturation constant of 0.7 mM and a Hill coefficient of 1.8. This is consistent with a drastic decrease in Ca2+ affinity following conversion of ADP-sensitive E1P to ADP insensitive E2P. The similarity between membranous and detergent-solubilized Ca2+ ATPase supports the view that not more than a single Ca2+-ATPase polypeptide chain is required to complete the conformational transitions which are the basis for active transport of Ca2+. PMID- 3155519 TI - Formation of a beta-aspartyl phosphate intermediate by the vanadate-sensitive ATPase of Streptococcus faecalis. AB - The vanadate-sensitive membrane ATPase of Streptococcus faecalis forms, as part of the reaction cycle, an acylphosphate intermediate. The phosphorylated amino acid residue was identified by reducing the purified reconstituted phosphoenzyme with [3H]borohydride, followed by acid hydrolysis of the protein and quantitative amino acid analysis. Tritiated homoserine was found to be the resulting reaction product, generated through the reduction of a beta-aspartyl phosphate residue. The S. faecalis ATPase thus forms the same phosphorylated intermediate as a number of eukaryotic transport ATPases and appears to be related to these enzymes. PMID- 3155520 TI - On the association of glycoprotein Ib and actin-binding protein in human platelets. AB - Glycoprotein (GP) Ib was purified from lysates of human platelets prepared in the presence or absence of inhibitors of the endogenous calcium-activated neutral protease (CANP) by immunoaffinity chromatography, employing the GPIb-specific murine monoclonal antibody, AP1, coupled to Sepharose CL4B. When derived from lysates prepared in the presence of EDTA or leupeptin, the eluate from the AP1 affinity column contained a 240,000-260,000-mol-wt protein in addition to GPIb. In SDS PAGE, this protein was stained by Coomassie Blue R, but not by the periodic acid-Schiff reagent, and it was not labeled with 125I in intact platelets by the lactoperoxidase-catalyzed method. When derived from lysates prepared in the absence of CANP inhibitors, the eluate contained only GPIb and its proteolytic derivative, glycocalicin. A change in the electrophoretic mobility of GPIb consistent with its association with the 240,000-260,000-mol-wt protein was confirmed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. By an immunoblot technique involving transfer of proteins eluted from the AP1-affinity column and separated by SDS PAGE onto a nitrocellulose membrane, the 240,000-260,000-mol-wt protein bound polyclonal goat antibody raised against rabbit macrophage actin binding protein (ABP). On the basis of these results, we conclude the GPIb is tightly associated with ABP under conditions in which the endogenous CANP is inhibited, and that this apparent transmembrane complex of GPIb-ABP can be isolated in lysates of nonactivated human platelets. PMID- 3155521 TI - Regulation of thymidylate synthase enzyme synthesis in 5-fluorodeoxyuridine resistant mouse fibroblasts during the transition from the resting to growing state. AB - Thymidylate synthase (TS) activity is very low in resting mouse 3T6 fibroblasts but increases sharply in growth-stimulated cells at about the same time the cells enter S phase. To study the mechanism responsible for the increase in TS level, we isolated a 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FdUrd)-resistant cell line (LU3-7) that overproduces TS and its mRNA about 50-100-fold. In this paper we show that the LU3-7 cells were able to rest in the G0 state of the cell cycle when maintained in medium containing 0.5% serum. When the serum concentration was increased to 10%, the resting cells reentered the cell cycle and began DNA replication about 12 hr later. TS activity remained at the resting level until DNA replication began, then increased at later times. The increase was not affected when the cells were stimulated in the presence of DNA synthesis inhibitors. The rate of synthesis of TS (as determined in a pulse-labeling experiment) remained at the resting level for the first 10 hr following stimulation, then increased 8-9-fold by 25 hr following serum stimulation. The half-life of TS in growing LU3-7 cells was measured in a pulse-chase experiment and found to be greater than 24 hr. Therefore the increase in TS activity was primarily due to an increase in the rate of synthesis of the enzyme. Since TS gene expression appears to be regulated in a similar manner in LU3-7 cells and in the parental 3T6 cells, the LU3-7 cells should be a good model system for detailed analysis of the mechanism for regulating TS gene expression in mammalian cells. PMID- 3155522 TI - Release of hemopoietic factors by normal human T cell lines with either suppressor or helper activity. AB - We analyzed the release of activities capable of stimulating the in vitro growth of human hemopoietic progenitor cells by long-term cultured T cell growth factor (TCGF)-dependent human T lymphocytes. Seven cell lines tested produced colony stimulating activity (CSA) as well as burst-promoting activity (BPA). The CSA stimulated primarily the growth of the cells forming colonies after 14 days of incubation. In addition the supernatants from these seven T-cell lines showed the ability to induce the in vitro growth of mixed granulocyte, erythroid, megakaryocyte, macrophage colonies (CFU-GEMM). The release of hemopoietic factors did not depend on the presence of accessory cells or phytohemagglutinin or serum during the incubation for factor production. In six of the T cell lines the majority of the cells were reactive to the OKT 8 monoclonal antibody (MoAb), whereas one cell line contained mostly OKT 4+ cells. Suppressor activity was detected in three tested OKT 8+ cell lines, while the one OKT 4+ displayed helper activity. All cell lines produced hemopoietic factors with equal efficiency. These results indicate that factors affecting human hematopoiesis are produced by normal T lymphocytes in long-term culture and this property is not related to the helper or suppressor activity of the cultured cells. PMID- 3155523 TI - Steroids and low-back pain. PMID- 3155524 TI - The effect of altered prednisolone kinetics in patients with the nephrotic syndrome and in women taking oral contraceptive steroids on human mixed lymphocyte cultures. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of altered prednisolone kinetics in patients with the nephrotic syndrome and women taking oral contraceptive steroids on mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). After oral and iv prednisolone treatment, blood samples were collected over 24 h. The area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve (AUC) of unbound, transcortin- bound, and albumin-bound prednisolone was determined. All plasma samples were incubated with MLCs, and the area under the inhibition vs. time curve of the MLC (AUIC), a measure of the effect over time, was calculated. The steroid concentrations required to produce half-maximal inhibition (EC50) were calculated. The 10 women taking oral contraceptives had higher AUCs of unbound and transcortin-bound prednisolone than the 10 normal subjects. The mean biological effect (AUIC value) was more pronounced in women taking contraceptive steroids. An analysis of the concentration-response curves revealed that the EC50 values of total, but not unbound, prednisolone were higher in women taking contraceptives. Compared with the normal subjects, the 9 nephrotic patients had lower total and comparable unbound AUCs of prednisolone. The AUIC values were higher whereas the EC50 values of unbound and total prednisolone were lower in the nephrotic patients. These findings indicate that the increased steroid effect in women taking oral contraceptives is explained by higher concentrations of prednisolone, while the increased effect in nephrotic patients is not attributable to the abnormal kinetics or protein binding of prednisolone. PMID- 3155525 TI - Modulation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats by monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies. AB - The effect of monoclonal antibodies to different T lymphocyte populations of the rat on the induction and the course of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was investigated. EAE was induced by injection of guinea pig spinal cord in adjuvant. Subcutaneous injections of monoclonal antibodies to all peripheral T lymphocytes (W3/13) abrogated or prevented the development of clinical EAE. Similar results were obtained in animals injected with monoclonal antibodies to T helper cells (W3/25) mixed with monoclonal antibodies to T nonhelper cells (OX8). Animals treated with either W3/25 or OX8 developed clinical EAE as the control rats (subcutaneous injected with normal mouse serum). Histological examination after the acute stage revealed no significant differences between rats treated prophylactically with W3/13, W3/25 or OX8 and rats injected with normal mouse serum. Animals treated prophylactically with a mixture of W3/25 and OX8 developed, on the whole, EAE with less histological severity compared to the control animals. Treatment of rats after the onset of the first clinical symptoms of EAE (tail flaccidity) with W3/13 resulted in a less fatal course of the disease. Compared to surviving rats injected with mouse serum (controls) the number of infiltrates were reduced in these rats treated therapeutically. PMID- 3155527 TI - Reconstruction of platelet proteins into phospholipid vesicles. Functional proteoliposomes. AB - Platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa were reconstituted into liposomes containing phosphatidylcholine. The reconstituted vesicles bound antiplatelet antibodies and showed specific binding to thrombin-activated platelets. Prostacyclin, a known inhibitor of thrombin-activated platelet aggregation, inhibited the binding of the proteoliposomes to thrombin-activated platelets. The reconstituted vesicles also specifically bound 125I-labeled fibrinogen. This binding was insensitive to ADP but dependent on calcium ions. These data indicate that platelet glycoproteins IIb and IIIa have been successfully reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles such that their behavior is similar to that in intact platelets. PMID- 3155528 TI - Thallium-201 myocardial imaging in children. AB - The clinical applications of thallium-201 scintigraphy are less well defined in children than in adults. However, the published data indicate several potential applications including assessment of: 1) deficit in left ventricular myocardial perfusion, 2) early right ventricular volume or pressure overload, or both, and 3) the right ventricle in both cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease. In this report, the applications of thallium imaging to pediatric diseases are described and the advantages and disadvantages of the procedure are enumerated. PMID- 3155526 TI - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). PMID- 3155529 TI - Ultrasonic assessment of cardiac function in the intact human fetus. AB - Echocardiography may provide information concerning the structural development of the fetal human heart. The information available from such studies, when interpreted in light of existing knowledge of developmental cardiac physiology, may give insight concerning in utero cardiac pump function. The quantitation of cardiac structural growth in utero has been used to provide growth curves for the chambers of the fetal heart. Disparity in the ratio of right ventricular/left ventricular size (normally 1.0 to 1.2) may suggest acute ventricular failure and dilation. Electromechanical analysis using M-mode techniques may be used to analyze and monitor the treatment of fetal cardiac arrhythmias and provide systolic time interval analysis. Doppler waveform analysis provides information concerning directional flow and vascular impedance and Doppler flowmetry has promise for the measurement of fetal aortic and umbilical venous blood flows. Such studies have increased our understanding of fetal circulatory function and have practical implications for the establishment of fetal cardiac diagnosis and treatment programs. PMID- 3155530 TI - Prevalence and functional correlates of low back pain in the elderly: the Iowa 65+ Rural Health Study. AB - As part of an interview survey of a defined population of 3,097 rural persons 65 years and older (the Iowa 65 + Rural Health Study), the prevalence and functional correlates of specifically defined low back pain were studied. Low back pain was reported by 23.6 per cent of the women and 18.4 per cent of the men in the year prior to the survey, with prevalence rates declining with age. Forty per cent of those with low back pain noted its presence at the time of the interview. Over half had used analgesics. Use of medical and chiropractic services for this symptom was nearly 75 per cent; 25 per cent had at least one hospitalization directly related to low back pain and over 5 per cent had low back surgery. Limitation of walking, sitting, bending over, and performing household chores was reported by 15 to 40 per cent, and 21 per cent attributed sleep disturbance to the low back pain. Nearly 75 per cent of subjects with low back pain reported first onset of the problem prior to age 65, which has important implications for pathogenesis and prevention. The functional and clinical burdens of low back pain in this population of rural elderly were substantial and require further evaluation of risk factors and impact on health status. PMID- 3155531 TI - An analysis of T lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with Alzheimer's disease. AB - The relative proportions of regulatory T lymphocyte subpopulations and T lymphocyte proliferative responses to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were studied in 30 patients with clinically apparent Alzheimer's disease (mean age = 71.5). Comparisons were made with 30 age-matched, nondemented healthy controls (mean age = 68.8) and with 20 younger, normal adult controls (mean age = 27.5). The relative percentages of total peripheral T lymphocytes, T helper/inducer lymphocytes (Th), and T suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes (Ts) were similar between the Alzheimer patient group and the age-matched controls. However, when the two older groups were compared with the young adult controls, a significant decrease was seen in the percentage of Ts cells, with a concomitant increase in the ratio of Th:Ts. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to PHA were similar in the Alzheimer patients and their age-matched controls; however, when compared with the young adult controls, a significant decrease in responsiveness for both older groups was observed. These results confirm decreases in certain immune indices with aging, but suggest that there are no changes in T lymphocyte subsets or in lymphocyte proliferation, which are unique to Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3155533 TI - Mechanism of action of thymosin. I. Thymosin fraction 5 increases lymphokine production by mature murine T cells responding in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - The effect of thymosin on the murine thymocyte mixed lymphocyte response was studied. Thymosin fraction 5 (TF5) caused a two- to threefold enhancement of the proliferative response and production of IL 2 when murine thymocytes were cultured with alloantigenic stimulator cells. Production of a second lymphokine, CSF, was increased up to sevenfold. The target cell for thymosin was a mature T cell, because the PNA- subpopulation of thymocytes, as well as peripheral lymph node lymphocytes, responded to culture with TF5 and alloantigen by enhanced proliferation and lymphokine production. The active component of TF5 appears to be one or more as yet unidentified peptides, because neither of the well characterized TF5 component peptides, alpha 1 or beta 4, were active. After incubation with TF5 in primary culture, cells remaining after 10 to 14 days were increased both in number and in secondary response to alloantigen, as measured by lymphokine production. These results suggest that TF5 contains one or more biologically active components which can modulate mature T cell activity and lymphokine production, and which provide the basis for understanding some of the previously reported diverse effects of thymosin. PMID- 3155532 TI - Hapten-specific responses to the phenyltrimethylamino hapten. V. A single chain antigen-binding I-J+ first-order T suppressor factor requires antigen to induce anti-idiotypic second-order suppressor T cells. AB - We have previously shown that a single i.p. injection of the monovalent antigen, L-tyrosine-p-azophenyltrimethylammonium in complete Freund's adjuvant induces a Ly-1+2-, idiotype-bearing, and antigen-binding first-order T suppressor (Ts1) population. We showed that soluble factors extracted from these cells could suppress delayed-type hypersensitivity responses if administered at the induction phase of the response. In this paper we additionally characterize the suppressor factor, TsF1, with respect to its biologic, serologic, and chemical properties. The studies show that the TsF1 is neither allotype nor H-2 restricted and can induce anti-idiotypic T suppressor cells (Ts2), but it requires the presence of antigen to do so. The factor binds antigen, bears I-J encoded determinants, is resistant to reduction and alkylation, and elutes as a single chain factor after adsorption onto monoclonal anti-I-J antibody-coupled Sepharose beads in the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT). This is in marked contrast to TsF2 (derived from Id-specific Ts2-containing spleen cells), which lost its suppressive activity after reduction and alkylation, and behaves as a two chain factor after adsorption and elution from anti-I-J-coupled beads in the presence of DTT. The TsF1 is discussed with respect to the properties of it and those of TsF1 from other similar idiotype-dominated antigen systems. PMID- 3155534 TI - Site of binding of IgG2b and IgG2a by mouse macrophage Fc receptors by using cyanogen bromide fragments. AB - Cyanogen bromide fragments of murine IgG2b and IgG2a immunoglobulins were used to localize the sequences that are bound by specific IgG2b and IgG2a Fc receptors on murine macrophages. One fragment from the CH2 domain of IgG2b bound to the gamma 2b Fc receptor. Two fragments from IgG2a--one one from the CH2 domain, differing by only four amino acids from the homologous IgG2b fragment, and the other from the CH3 domain--specifically bound to the gamma 2a Fc receptor. In both a rosetting assay and a radioactive binding assay, these two fragments from IgG2a competed with intact IgG2a: however, they did not compete with each other. Rather, binding of the fragment from the CH3 domain of IgG2a augmented the binding of the fragment from the CH2 domain of IgG2a but not that of the homologous fragment from IgG2b. The binding of both IgG2a fragments was abolished by trypsin treatment of macrophages. These data suggest that 1) a sequence in the CH2 domain of IgG2b is sufficient for binding to the gamma 2b Fc receptor, 2) sequences from both the CH2 and CH3 domains of IgG2a bind to the gamma 2a Fc receptor, and 3) the binding of sequences from the CH3 domain of IgG2a may induce a conformational change in the gamma 2a Fc receptor that leads to enhanced binding of sequences from the CH2 domain. PMID- 3155535 TI - Isolation of rabbit C3, Factor B, and Factor H and comparison of their properties with those of the human analog. AB - The rabbit complement components C3, Factor B, and Factor H were isolated and characterized and were compared to the corresponding proteins of human serum. Chromatographic behavior, chemical properties, and functional interactions show great similarities between the components in both species. By SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the m.w. were estimated to be 195,000 for C3, 86,000 for Factor B, and 155,000 for Factor H. The amino acid compositions of the rabbit proteins resembled those of the human analog. The total carbohydrate content of rabbit C3 and Factor H was approximately one-half that of the human proteins. In addition, a qualitative difference in the carbohydrate moieties of the C3 proteins was observed. The serum concentration of the rabbit proteins was markedly lower than that of the human proteins. The rabbit C3b,Bb enzyme resembled the human analog with respect to half-life, control by Factor H, and stabilization by nickel ions. PMID- 3155536 TI - Species specificity of recognition by the alternative pathway of complement. AB - The recognition function of the alternative complement pathway was studied with isolated human and rabbit components. Zymosan and homologous and heterologous erythrocytes were used as representative activators or nonactivators. The binding affinity of Factor B and Factor H for particle-bound C3b was measured. In both species, the average affinity of Factor H for bound C3b on homologous cells (nonactivators) was eight to 10 times higher than on zymosan particles (activators). The interaction between Factor H and C3b on rabbit erythrocytes was species-specific: rabbit Factor H bound strongly to rabbit C3b on rabbit erythrocytes and also on human erythrocytes, which are nonactivators for the rabbit alternative pathway. Human Factor H bound strongly to human C3b on human erythrocytes but seven times weaker on rabbit erythrocytes, which are activators of the human alternative pathway. No substantial differences were found in the binding of Factor B to bound C3b regardless of the nature of the particle to which C3b was bound. The results indicate that in the two species studied, the molecular mechanism of recognition is analogous and that recognition is species specific. PMID- 3155538 TI - Identification of several cell surface proteins of non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia by using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) were produced by immunization of BALB/c mice with cells from a non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell line. Nine distinct antigens (groups I to IX) were defined by these monoclonal antibodies, some of which appear to be associated with specific stages of cellular differentiation. The number of molecules of each MAb reactive with the ALL cell line, measured in a quantitative cellular radioimmunoassay, varied from 0.6 X 10(5) to 11 X 10(5) molecules/cell, indicating that the antigens identified represent major constituents of the cell surface. The biochemical nature of the antigens was examined on the ALL cell line by antibody affinity chromatography and/or immunoprecipitation and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Groups I through III are composed of previously described antigens: HLA class I, HLA class II molecules, and CALLA, the common ALL antigen. The other MAb define antigens previously undescribed on non-T, non-B ALL cells. Group IV antigen is a polypeptide of apparent m.w. 95,000 distinct from CALLA. It is expressed on some ALL samples and on the vascular endothelial cells of several tissues. Group V antigen is a single polypeptide chain of m.w. 94,000, also distinct from CALLA and expressed by lymphocytes, thymocytes, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells, and ALL cells. Group VI is a molecular complex composed of two noncovalently associated polypeptides of apparent m.w. 125,000 and 87,000 and appears to be restricted to ALL, AML, macrophages, and hematopoietic precursor cells. Group VII is a glycoprotein of apparent m.w. 85,000, which, within the thymus, is primarily restricted to the medullary area. It is also present on AML, bone marrow cells, and mature T and B lymphocytes. Group VIII is a disulfide-linked complex of apparent m.w. greater than 120,000 under nonreducing conditions. It is resolved into three major polypeptides of apparent m.w. 57,000, 47,000, and 41,000 under reducing conditions. This complex is found in greatest amounts on the non-T, non B ALL cell line but is also present on AML, ALL, and on subpopulations of normal bone marrow and tonsil cells. Group IX antigen is a single polypeptide chain of apparent m.w. 51,000 on the ALL cell line. This antigen is expressed strongly on ALL and AML samples and on normal bone marrow; much lower antigenic density is found on thymus and tonsil cells. The antigens described here with a series of MAb produced in a single fusion represent a unique array of cell surface molecules of non-T, non-B ALL cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3155537 TI - Effect of glucocorticoids on the development of suppressive activity in human lymphocyte response to a polysaccharide purified from Candida albicans. AB - The action of glucocorticoids on the proliferative response of human lymphocytes stimulated in vitro by MPPS has been investigated. The effect of Dex was dependent on the time of steroid addition to the cultures. Dex added at the beginning of the culture period inhibited, cell proliferation and IL 1/IL 2 synthesis, although not completely. However, a delayed addition of 24 to 48 hr resulted in an enhancing effect on cell proliferative responses that was maximal at day 4. The effect of Dex on T suppressor cell activity was then investigated. Dex added 1 day before the appearance of suppressor cells resulted in a marked decrease or disappearance of the suppressive activity. Moreover, primed T lymphocytes treated with Dex in the presence of exogenous IL 2 enhanced the proliferative responses of fresh autologous PBMC stimulated by MPPS. Taken together, our data suggest that glucocorticoids inhibit the differentiation of T suppressor cells and that IL 2 is unable to reverse this inhibitory effect. PMID- 3155539 TI - Common precursor pool marker for allospecific (CTL) and nonspecific (NK and activated) cytotoxic cells in the bone marrow. AB - A recently described monoclonal mouse IgG1 antibody, NK-9, reacts with practically all peripheral blood large granular lymphocytes (LGL). It also detects a population of non-LGL lymphoid cells that harbors precursor cells for both nonspecific activated killer (AK) and allospecific killer cells. In the bone marrow, the NK-9-positive population represented 9% of all nucleated cells, which was 40% of all lymphoid cells. This population was initially noncytotoxic, but when appropriately stimulated the NK-9-positive cells gave rise to AK and allospecific cytotoxic cells, whereas no such activity could be generated from the NK-9-negative cells. When the NK-9-positive cells were cultured with high concentrations of T cell growth factor, the results were cultures consisting of over 80% cells with LGL morphology and exhibiting effective cytotoxicity against K562 targets. It is concluded that the precursor cells for various modes of nonspecific and antigen-specific cytotoxicity are related and appear to be harbored in the NK-9-positive pool in the bone marrow. PMID- 3155540 TI - Influenza viruses as lymphocyte mitogens. I. B cell mitogenesis by influenza A viruses of the H2 and H6 subtypes is controlled by the I-E/C subregion of the major histocompatibility complex. AB - Influenza A viruses of the H2, H3, and H6 subtypes function as T cell-independent B cell mitogens for lymphocytes from BALB/c mice. Lymphocytes from C57BL/10 mice, however, undergo mitogenesis only in response to H3 viruses. The failure of C57BL/10 lymphocytes to respond to H2 and H6 viruses was shown not to reflect a difference in dose-response profile or kinetics of the response, nor was it due to the activity of suppressor T cells. Experiments with congenic and recombinant strains of mice established that mitogenic responsiveness to H2 and H6 viruses is linked to the major histocompatibility complex, and is controlled by a gene located in the I-E/C subregion. Furthermore, responsiveness was shown to correlate with the expression of surface I-E antigen, being positive for mouse strains that express I-E antigen (haplotypes a, d, k, p, r) and negative for strains that do not (haplotypes b, f, q, s). The data suggest that influenza A viruses of the H2 and H6 subtypes may interact directly with I-E molecules on the surface of B cells or possibly on an accessory cell. Because mitogenesis by H3 viruses is not I-E dependent, it appears that influenza A viruses stimulate B cell mitogenesis by at least two different mechanisms. PMID- 3155542 TI - Further characterization of low density mononuclear cells: FACS-assisted analysis of human MLR stimulators. AB - Previously, we reported that all of the potent stimulators of the allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) are contained in a heterogeneous low density fraction of human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells. We have further characterized human MLR stimulators by staining them with highly specific monoclonal antibodies, and then analyzing and separating them with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter. These studies revealed two populations of low density cells with potent allogeneic stimulatory activity. One population is a monocyte subset that reacts with anti-OKM1, MO.2, and expresses C3b as well as Fc IgG receptors. The second population exhibits even greater stimulatory capacity and does not express any of these monocyte markers. Moreover, these cells are not phagocytic and do not react with alpha-naphthyl esterase. They comprise approximately 10% of the low density fraction or 0.5% of PBM. These cells are most likely lymphoid dendritic cells, described in various species as potent MLR stimulators. In contrast to the allogeneic MLR, only the low density cell type exhibiting dendritic cell characteristics induced a potent autologous MLR. PMID- 3155541 TI - Functional analysis of macrophage hybridomas. I. Production and initial characterization. AB - A series of macrophage hybridomas were generated by fusion of splenic adherent cells with P388D1 tumor cells. Forty-two cell lines were established, and each was cloned by limiting dilution. Six clones that exemplified the spectrum of macrophage heterogeneity were selected for further analysis. Qualitative and quantitative differences in phenotype and functional activity were noted. Some clones constitutively expressed Ia antigens, whereas others only expressed detectable levels of Ia after lymphokine activation. The level of antigen presenting activity generally correlated with the level of Ia expression. Furthermore, interclonal differences were noted in the levels of receptor mediated phagocytosis and IL 1 secretion. Generally, the hybridoma clones maintained stable phenotypic and functional properties during approximately 1 yr of continuous in vitro culture. These cloned hybridoma cell lines represent a useful resource to analyze macrophage biology and to dissect structure and function relationships. PMID- 3155544 TI - Differential effect of anti-beta 2-microglobulin on IL 2 production and IL 2 receptor expression in the primary mixed lymphocyte culture reaction. AB - The mechanism of inhibition of the proliferative response in primary mixed lymphocyte culture (1 degree MLC) by antibodies to beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) was investigated. It is demonstrated that anti-beta 2m antibodies inhibit the production of interleukin 2 (IL 2). In contrast, the expression of IL 2 receptor is not affected by anti-beta 2m. The addition of purified exogenous IL 2 to the antibody-treated 1 degree MLC can completely restore the proliferative response, indicating that anti-beta 2m does not interfere with IL 2 binding to its receptor. Similarly, anti-beta 2m does not interfere with the capacity of IL 2 dependent T cell lines or T cell clones to respond to exogenous IL 2. The inhibition of cell proliferation and IL 2 production by anti-beta 2m is maximal when the antibody is added at the beginning of 1 degree MLC culture, and no effect of anti-beta 2m is seen when added after 3 days of culture. Anti-beta 2m has no effect on mitogen-induced cell proliferation and IL 2 production. Anti beta 2m acts on the responder cell population, as demonstrated in experiments in which responder cells or stimulator cells are treated separately with the antibody. The expression of HLA-class II antigens (i.e., HLA-DR and DQ (DC) on the T cells activated on 1 degree MLC is not affected by anti-beta 2m. These studies indicate that the HLA-beta 2m class I antigen complex plays a role in T lymphocyte activation via release of IL 2, and suggest the existence of different mechanisms for activation of IL 2 producers and IL 2 responders in 1 degree MLC. PMID- 3155543 TI - Modulation of autoimmunity in NZB mice by cyclophosphamide-induced, nonspecific suppressor cells. AB - A group of NZB mice received six biweekly injections of cyclophosphamide-induced nonspecific suppressor cells, with treatment commencing at 2 mo of age. Mice were evaluated for Coombs and natural thymocytotoxic antibody at 6-wk intervals thereafter, and for anti-DNA autoantibodies, total IgM and IgG levels, and renal histology at selected time points. The administration of suppressor cells resulted in marked and prolonged suppression of both Coombs and natural thymocytotoxic antibody reactivity in the majority of animals while not measurably affecting the levels of anti-DNA autoantibodies, the total IgM and IgG levels, or the life span of the mice. PMID- 3155545 TI - Reconstitution of in vivo cell-mediated lympholysis responses in aged mice with interleukin 2. AB - Advancing age is accompanied by declining immune potential. Both humoral and cellular immune responses are diminished in aged humans and experimental animals. A major lesion preventing effective T cell-mediated responses is the lack of interleukin 2 (IL 2) synthesis in aged mice. Addition of IL 2 can effectively reconstitute in vitro T cell-dependent humoral and cell-mediated immunity. These results have been extended, demonstrating that IL 2-containing lymphokine preparations when administered with antigen can restore the ability of aged mice to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo. Furthermore, IL 2 has been identified as the active component of these lymphokine preparations through the use of purified human IL 2 prepared by recombinant DNA and gene cloning technology. The cloned IL 2 is highly effective in enhancing the immune responses of aged animals both in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 3155546 TI - Absorption of iodochlorhydroxyquin in humans. PMID- 3155547 TI - Bactericidal effects of photoradiation therapy with hematoporphyrin derivative. AB - Hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) localizes selectively in malignant and rapidly metabolizing tissues and undergoes a cytotoxic reaction when exposed to light of a specific wavelength. Hpd has been studied extensively with regard to the diagnosis and treatment of tumors but not with regard to bactericidal activity. This investigation assessed the effect of light-activated Hpd on various microorganisms, on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and on the interactions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and bacteria. Light-activated Hpd was 99.9% bactericidal against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacteroides fragilis, Streptococcus M-G intermedius, Streptococcus mutans, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Peptococcus magnus, and Clostridium perfringens, but did not affect Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Candida albicans. Photoactivation of Hpd rendered 98% of polymorphonuclear leukocytes inviable. Combinations of light activated Hpd and polymorphonuclear leukocytes had a 4-log (99.99%) bactericidal effect on both intra- and extracellular S. aureus. The ability of Hpd to localize in inflammatory tissues may have therapeutic applications in the treatment of abscesses. PMID- 3155549 TI - Deficiency of OKT4+ helper cells in SCID. PMID- 3155548 TI - Biliary sclerosis in patients receiving hepatic arterial infusions of floxuridine. AB - High response rates have been reported with hepatic intra-arterial infusions of floxuridine in patients having colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the liver. The major toxicity of this therapy has been described as "chemical hepatitis." In a randomized trial of intravenous v intra-arterial floxuridine, we observed that all 35 patients receiving intra-arterial therapy developed significant increases in alkaline phosphatase and, in some cases, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase and/or bilirubin. Seven patients receiving intra-arterial therapy were studied with cholangiography which, in all cases, demonstrated sclerosis of the intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic bile ducts. In addition, liver biopsies showed cholestasis and pericholangitis with minimal hepatocyte damage. These findings suggest that "biliary sclerosis" rather than "chemical hepatitis" is the predominant toxicity associated with hepatic intra-arterial infusions of floxuridine. PMID- 3155550 TI - Differential actions of intrathecal naloxone on blocking the tail-flick inhibition induced by intraventricular beta-endorphin and morphine in rats. AB - In the present study, it is proposed that the opioids applied to supraspinal brain sites produced their analgesic effects by the activation of different descending pain inhibitory systems. The blockade of the spinal endorphinergic system by intrathecal naloxone on the production of tail-flick inhibition induced by intraventricular beta-endorphin and morphine was then studied. Intraventricular injection of beta-endorphin and morphine produced an inhibition of the tail-flick response to the heat stimulus in rats. Intrathecal injection of naloxone at doses of 0.4 to 40 micrograms caused a dose-related blockade of the inhibition of the tail-flick response induced by intraventricular injection of beta-endorphin, and a high dose of naloxone (40 micrograms) completely blocked the tail-flick inhibition induced by intraventricular beta-endorphin (16 micrograms). On the other hand, intrathecal naloxone (12-120 micrograms) had only a very weak effect on the tail-flick inhibition induced by intraventricular morphine (40 micrograms). Intraventricular injection of naloxone at doses of 1.2 to 12 micrograms equally antagonized in a dose-dependent manner the tail-flick inhibition induced by intraventricular beta-endorphin and morphine. The results indicate that a spinal naloxone-sensitive endorphinergic system is involved in the production of beta-endorphin but not morphine-induced tail-flick inhibition, and suggest that intraventricular beta-endorphin and morphine elicit their pharmacological actions via the activation of different descending pain inhibitory systems; descending epsilon and mu systems for beta-endorphin and morphine, respectively, are proposed. PMID- 3155551 TI - Pharmacological action of radiographic contrast media reduced cerebrospinal fluid production in the dog. AB - Intravenous administration of radiographic contrast media (CM) significantly decreases cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production as measured by negative pressure collection from a lateral ventricle of the anesthetized dog. This effect has been shown with the conventional ionic CM, sodium diatrizoate, and is now reported for the new nonionic agent, iohexol. Continuous infusion of either agent maintains the decrease. The magnitude of the CM-induced decreased CSF production is proportional to the dose in the range of 1 to 4 ml/kg. This action of CM cannot be explained by an osmotic mechanism. Two enzymes involved in the elaboration of CSF, carbonic anhydrase and sodium, potassium-adenosine triphosphatase, are not inhibited by sodium diatrizoate sufficiently in vitro to explain this action of CM. These results indicate a pharmacological action by i.v. CM that may require special attention when reduced CSF production would be deleterious. PMID- 3155552 TI - Inhibition of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol metabolism by 3-substituted thiolane 1-oxides. AB - 3-Substituted thiolane 1-oxides (methyl, n-butyl, n-hexyl, and phenyl) were prepared and tested as inhibitors of horse, monkey, and rat liver alcohol dehydrogenases and of ethanol metabolism in rats. These compounds inhibit alcohol oxidation in an uncompetitive manner with respect to ethanol as a varied substrate. Lengthening the alkyl substituent increased the inhibitory potency because of tighter binding in the hydrophobic substrate binding pocket of the alcohol dehydrogenases. Thus, the 3-hexyl derivative was the most potent inhibitor of the purified rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase, with a Kii value of 0.13 microM. The 3-butyl derivative was the best inhibitor of ethanol metabolism in rats, with a Kii value of 11 mumol/kg. The acute toxicity in mice of the butyl derivative was 1.4 mmol/kg. Since high concentrations of alcohol do not prevent the inhibitory effects of these compounds, they may be particularly useful for preventing poisoning by methanol or ethylene glycol. PMID- 3155553 TI - The effect of surgical excision and grafting procedures on postburn lymphocyte suppression. AB - Previous reports have stressed the immunosuppressive effects of major surgical procedures. In this study, 30 adult patients with a mean burn size of 42.8% TBSA and a mean age of 31.9 years underwent 78 surgical excision and grafting (E/G) procedures. The mean surface area excised was 2,373 cm2, with a mean blood transfusion requirement per E/G of 3,355 cc or 1.4 cc/cm2. The suppressive effect of burn serum was assayed in mixed lymphocyte cultures. Before E/G, burn serum caused a mean 42.2 +/- 3.3% suppression of normal lymphocyte blastogenesis; serum suppressive activity following E/G was reduced to 29.1 +/- 2.9% (p less than 0.005). The mean duration of improvement in lymphocyte function was 5.0 days. E/G procedures which achieved complete burn wound closure were more effective in restoring lymphocyte immunocompetence. E/G has a significant beneficial effect on restoring lymphocyte responsiveness in burn patients. Preliminary evidence suggests that this effect is related to blood transfusions. PMID- 3155554 TI - Bacteriophage P22 tail protein gene expression. AB - We have found that mutations which block bacteriophage P22 head assembly at or before the DNA packaging stage (1-, 2-, 3-, 5-, and 8-) cause up to a 20-fold increase in the amount of tail (gene 9) protein made during infection. This correlation seems strong enough to warrant consideration of a control mechanism in which the failure to package DNA per se causes a large increase in the synthesis of tail protein. Our results indicate that one of the repressors required for maintenance of lysogeny, the mnt gene product, may be partially responsible for this phenomenon. PMID- 3155556 TI - Indium 111-labeled leukocyte scanning for detection of prosthetic vascular graft infection. AB - Recent animal and human studies have suggested that positive indium 111-labeled leukocyte scans may help establish the diagnosis of vascular graft infection; however, there is little information available about the predictive value of both positive and negative leukocyte scans in larger groups of patients. In this study 31 indium 111 leukocyte scans were performed prior to definitive treatment in 21 patients with suspected vascular graft infections. Patients with more than one leukocyte scan performed had either anatomically distinct sites of infection or rescanning of a potentially infected site after definitive treatment. Scans were performed according to the method of Baker et al., attaching 500 muCi of indium 111 to leukocytes with imaging 24 hours later. All patients with positive scans underwent surgical exploration of the area of leukocyte accumulation, with documentation of purulence and culture of the graft. Patients with negative scans were treated as if scan results were indeterminate and underwent surgical exploration for usual clinical indications; if no exploration was performed, the patient was followed up closely for at least 1 year. Twelve of 12 positive scans showed purulence or culture evidence of infection with three different organisms; in 15 instances of negative scans, two operations were performed with one infection noted, whereas no patient without surgery has had a graft infection at 10 months follow-up. In addition to localizing graft infections, two scans demonstrated a nonvascular site of infection. Positive scans also helped determine the extent of infection along the graft, allowing better planning of the surgical procedure. These results indicate that indium 111-labeled leukocyte scans help document and localize prosthetic vascular graft infections. PMID- 3155555 TI - Mapping of transcription terminators of bacteriophages phi X174 and G4 by sequence analysis. AB - An algorithm to locate transcription terminators (V. Brendel and E. N. Trifonov, Nucleic Acids Res. 12:4411-4427, 1984) was applied to the genomes of bacteriophages phi x174 and G4. The proposed sites are similarly located in phiX and G4 and fit with transcript lengths previously observed in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 3155557 TI - Aortic coarctation in the first three months of life. An anatomopathological study with respect to treatment. AB - Operation for coarctation in infancy is a lifesaving procedure, but it still carries a high mortality and is followed frequently by recurrence of stenosis. This is especially true when the procedure is performed in the first 3 months of life. To determine a correlation, if any, between anatomy of coarctation and surgical procedures, we have studied a series of 42 autopsy specimens from patients younger than 3 months who had aortic coarctation. We found that concepts of coarctation based solely on a discrete lesion or isthmic hypoplasia were simplistic. The anatomy was much more complex, the findings being relevant to surgical techniques currently in use (resection and end-to-end anastomosis, subclavian flap aortoplasty). Of equal significance in the cases we studied to the presence of a shelf of ductal tissue within the aortic lumen or hypoplasia of a segment of the arch was the finding of "waist" lesions. In these cases the wall of the aorta was constricted to form the obstruction. Such "waists" coexisted with discrete shelves or with shelves and isthmic narrowing. While we recognize the danger of extrapolating from autopsy findings to predict clinical results, our observations suggest that surgical procedures might best be tailored to the precise anatomy present. It seemed that in may cases a subclavian flap procedure offered the best chance of success. Cases with anatomy suitable for resection and end-to-end anastomosis were less frequent. Percutaneous angioplasty seemed at best to offer only palliative options in limited cases. PMID- 3155559 TI - Permanent-wave contact dermatitis. PMID- 3155558 TI - Efficacy of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty compared with single vessel bypass. AB - The use of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty has been increasing rapidly. When the procedure is successful, the clinical relief of symptoms is similar to that achieved with direct coronary artery bypass. It has been suggested that the angioplasty procedure, however, can accomplish these results with potentially less morbidity and mortality, along with a shorter hospital stay. In order to evaluate the results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with single-vessel coronary artery bypass, we performed a retrospective review. From January, 1982, to December, 1983, a total of 198 angioplasty procedures were performed. They were successful in 142 patients (71.7%). Emergency bypass was performed in 21 (10.6%) of the 56 patients who had undergone unsuccessful angioplasty procedures. Perioperative myocardial infarction occurred in eight of these patients (38.1%). There were no operative deaths, but there was one death after angioplasty. Elective bypass was performed in 28 of the patients who had angioplasty procedures, with no perioperative myocardial infarctions or operative deaths. Recurrent symptoms developed in 31 (21.8%) of the 142 patients who had undergone initially successful angioplasty. From 1982 to 1983, single-vessel bypass was performed in 143 patients. The internal mammary artery was utilized in 102 patients and the autogenous saphenous vein in 41 patients. There were no perioperative myocardial infarctions or deaths. No patients developed recurrent symptoms during the study interval. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is an acceptable alternative to coronary artery bypass in patients with localized lesions that are sufficiently serious to cause symptoms and warrant surgical bypass. However, the angioplasty procedure, when compared to single-vessel coronary artery bypass, may result in an increased incidence of acute myocardial infarction and in a significantly (p less than 0.001) increased incidence of early recurrence of symptoms. PMID- 3155560 TI - Phytophotodermatitis among grocery workers--Ohio. PMID- 3155561 TI - Ted Slavin's blood and the development of HBV vaccine. PMID- 3155563 TI - Vancomycin and the "red man's syndrome". PMID- 3155562 TI - Modulation of suppressor-cell activity by cimetidine in patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. AB - Because of evidence of a possible immunoregulatory role for cimetidine, an antagonist to histamine H2 receptors, we studied the effects of this drug in five adult patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. Three patients had excessive suppressor-cell function associated with panhypogammaglobulinemia, whereas the other two had no apparent T-cell defects. The patients were given a one-month course of oral cimetidine (1200 mg daily in four divided doses). Subsequently, the three patients with excessive suppressor-cell function had a marked reduction in suppressor activity along with a decrease in the number of suppressor cells (T8+). One of these three had a marked rise in both in vitro immunoglobulin secretion and serum immunoglobulin concentrations, which was reversible after the drug was stopped for three months and reproducible when therapy with cimetidine was repeated. There was no difference in immunoglobulin secretion or suppressor-cell activity while taking cimetidine between the two patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia without excessive suppressor cell activity and control patients with duodenal ulcers. The data suggest that H2 receptor antagonists may decrease excessive suppressor-cell activity and allow endogenous immunoglobulin production in some patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. PMID- 3155564 TI - T-cell-mediated suppression of hematopoiesis. PMID- 3155565 TI - Proximal tubule function in chronic serum sickness glomerulonephritis of rats. AB - Fatal immune complex glomerulonephritis can be induced in rats by chronic intravenous administration of bovine serum albumin. There are three distinct stages, mild, moderate, and severe, in the development of renal immunopathology and pathophysiology in this model of chronic serum sickness. The work described here was undertaken to evaluate aspects of proximal tubule function in those different stages. Tissue water distribution, oxidative metabolism, and transport of representative organic anions and cations were measured in renal cortical slices. In mild chronic serum sickness all functions were normal except the transport of p-aminohippurate (PAH, organic anion), which was significantly decreased. This decrease appeared to be attributable to immunization with Freund's adjuvant. In the moderate stage of chronic serum sickness, proximal tubule functions and morphology appeared essentially normal. Only Na-K-ATPase activity was somewhat lower than in controls. However, proximal tubule dysfunction was a feature of severe chronic serum sickness. A significant inhibition of anion and cation transport was observed. Reduction in transport functions occurred together with impaired oxidative metabolism and severe reduction in Na-K-ATPase activity. Abnormalities of mitochondrial structure, a decrease in number of mitochondria, and a significant increase in intracellular H2O content provided additional evidence of degenerative changes in proximal tubule cells during the severe stage of chronic serum sickness. It was concluded that decreased transport of organic ions by the basolateral membrane in proximal tubules of rats with severe chronic serum sickness resulted from a breakdown in the metabolic machinery of the tubule epithelium rather than a specific injury to organic ion transport systems. PMID- 3155566 TI - Membrane events leading to interferon-gamma induction by antigens. AB - Mitogenic induction of interferon-gamma in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is prevented by enzymatic cleavage of galactose residues on the cell membrane, and by calcium depletion, suggesting that oxidation of galactose on the membrane glycoproteins and activation of a calcium flux across the membrane are critical events for interferon-gamma induction in nonspecifically stimulated human PBMC. The same experimental design has been applied to human PBMC cultures enriched of specifically sensitized lymphocytes and stimulated with the respective antigens. The results of these experiments show that also antigenic induction of interferon-gamma by purified protein derivative, tetanus toxoid, and MLR requires integrity of galactose residues and calcium intake suggesting that alteration of membrane-bound galactose and activation of a calcium flow are critical triggering events for both specific and nonspecific lymphocyte activation. PMID- 3155567 TI - Function and pathomechanics of the sacroiliac joint. A review. AB - The purpose of this article is to describe the biomechanics and function of the sacroiliac joint, the dysfunction and pathomechanics of the sacroiliac joint as a common cause of low back pain, a simple assessment procedure, associated pain mechanisms, treatment and prevention of the problem, and a discussion of related literature. The sacroiliac joints are essentially nonweight-bearing joints that function to absorb forces from various directions. The common onset of dysfunction is during trunk flexion when a person is standing without adequate support of the anterior pelvis. The anterior shift of the weight of the upper trunk causes the innominates to rotate anteriorly and downward and become fixed on the sacrum. Movement downward of the acetabula in relationship to the sacroiliac joint not only results in biomechanical changes but causes the legs to appear longer than they actually are. Physical therapists can correct the dysfunction by manually rotating the innominates posteriorly on the sacrum while they observe objective changes in apparent leg length. People can prevent this dysfunction through adequate anterior pelvic support when they lean forward. Some possible consequences of untreated sacroiliac dysfunction are also discussed. PMID- 3155568 TI - Positioning technique for abdominal strengthening. Suggestion from the field. PMID- 3155569 TI - Diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage: a review and classification. AB - Diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage is an uncommon condition that is difficult to differentiate radiographically from diffuse pneumonia or pulmonary edema. The diagnosis should be suspected when a patient has even mild hemoptysis or has one of the diseases known to be associated with diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage. This paper reviews the clinical and radiographic features of diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage and presents a classification scheme depicted as a Venn diagram formed by four overlapping circles representing pulmonary hemorrhage, renal disease, immune complex disease, and antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease. This scheme results in six categories of pulmonary hemorrhage: associated with glomerulonephritis and anti-GBM antibody; associated with renal disease without demonstrable immunologic abnormalities; associated with glomerulonephritis and immune complex disease; associated with immune complex disease without renal disease; associated with anti-GBM antibodies without renal disease; without associated immunologic or renal abnormality. Examples of these disorders are illustrated. Improved clinical-radiographic correlation may lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment of diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage and its causes. PMID- 3155570 TI - Mediastinal lymphadenopathy and pulmonary arterial hypertension in mixed connective tissue disease. AB - A case of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is presented in which mediastinal lymphadenopathy was the most prominent radiological finding detected by plain chest radiographs and computed tomography. Pulmonary arterial hypertension, which is a rare and often fatal complication of MCTD, also developed in this patient. PMID- 3155571 TI - Inpatient admissions for interventional radiology: philosophy of patient management. AB - As an alternative to performing interventional radiology on inpatients under the care of internists and surgeons, the authors have established a cardiovascular radiology admitting service for well-screened, elective patients. The patients are admitted under the care of a cardiovascular radiology fellow and a staff physician. From April 1982 to December 1983, 133 patients were admitted to the service. Patients are cared for in a surgical ward or in an intermediate unit, as determined by the clinical situation. Advantages of this approach include a broader patient referral base, improved rapport with clinical colleagues and patients, improved follow-up data, and rapid evaluation and treatment, resulting in short hospital stays. The major disadvantages involve the commitment of time and staff necessary to provide quality care. The concept of the interventional radiologist in the role of admitting physician has important implications in terms of negotiations for additional financial compensation, commensurate with the skill and time required for performing these procedures and caring for the patient. PMID- 3155572 TI - The no-strain approach to back-breaking work. PMID- 3155573 TI - Mutation in LDL receptor: Alu-Alu recombination deletes exons encoding transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. AB - The molecular size of the plasma LDL (low density lipoprotein) receptor synthesized by cultured fibroblasts from a patient with the internalization defective form of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH 274) was smaller by 10,000 daltons than the size of the normal LDL receptor. The segment of the gene encoding the truncated portion of the FH 274 receptor was cloned into bacteriophage lambda. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the normal and FH 274 genes revealed a 5-kilobase deletion, which eliminated the exons encoding the membrane-spanning region and the carboxyl terminal cytoplasmic domain of the receptor. The deletion appeared to be caused by a novel intrastrand recombination between two repetitive sequences of the Alu family that were oriented in opposite directions. The truncated receptors lack membrane-spanning regions and cytoplasmic domains; they are largely secreted into the culture medium, but a small fraction remains adherent to the cell surface. The surface-adherent receptors bind LDL, but they are unable to cluster in coated pits, thus explaining the internalization-defective phenotype. PMID- 3155574 TI - Reversal of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with monoclonal antibody to a T-cell subset marker. AB - Administration of a monoclonal antibody (GK1.5) that recognizes the L3T4 marker present on helper T cells prevented the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. Furthermore, treatment with GK1.5 reversed EAE when the antibody was given to paralyzed animals. In vivo injection of GK1.5 selectively reduced the number of L3T4+ cells in the spleen and the lymph nodes. These results suggest that manipulation of the human equivalent of the murine L3T4+ T-cell subset with monoclonal antibodies may provide effective therapy for certain autoimmune diseases. PMID- 3155576 TI - Hypersensitivity among woodworkers in South Africa. AB - A group of South African woodworkers was investigated in respect of allergenic activity of three indigenous woods, yellowwood, stinkwood and blackwood, and Brazilian imbuia. Histories were taken, skin-prick tests performed, and total serum IgE levels estimated. A high rate of skin sensitivity was found, as well as previously undocumented skin sensitivities to stinkwood and yellowwood. PMID- 3155575 TI - Induction of the intermediate pituitary by stress: synthesis and release of a nonopioid form of beta-endorphin. AB - beta-Endorphin in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland is posttranslationally modified to produce opioid inactive peptides. Whether these are metabolites or biologically relevant products has not been known. It was found that repeated stress induces increased biosynthesis and release of beta endorphin-like substances from the intermediate lobe of rats and that opioid inactive N-acetylated beta-endorphin-(1-31) is selectively made and liberated. The possible role of this nonopioid product and the selective release of peptide forms are discussed. PMID- 3155577 TI - [Evaluation of selected epidemiological studies on radiation-exposed groups]. PMID- 3155578 TI - Improved renal allograft survival following donor-specific transfusions. I. Induction of antibodies that inhibit primary antidonor MLC response. AB - Our purpose was to identify humoral factors induced by donor-specific transfusion (DST) plus azathioprine (AZA) that correlate with improved renal allograft survival (92% at 3-34 months posttransplantation) in a group of 24 DST patients. Plasma was obtained from patients prior to AZA and DST (to), 2-6 weeks after the final transfusion but immediately prior to transplant (tt), and 6-12 weeks after renal transplantation and initiation of standard posttransplant immunosuppressive therapy (tx). Plasma was screened for inhibitory or stimulatory activity in a 6 day primary MLC, with either patient to PBL or unrelated control PBL used as responders. Patient tx plasma was uniformly inhibitory of MLC responses to donor and to pooled third-party stimulators, regardless of the source of responding cells. The tx plasma inhibition was mediated by a nondialysable factor, ruling out a direct drug effect. In contrast, the effect of tt plasma was less pronounced but more specific. In some patients, we observed a strong reproducible inhibition of antidonor MLC by tt plasma. However, other patients did not show this inhibitory effect; thus the inhibition was not statistically significant (1 greater than P greater than .05 by the Wilcoxon t test) when all patients were analyzed. Overall, patient tt plasma affected neither control antidonor MLC nor patient MLC responses to pooled allogenic stimulating cells. In two patients showing strong tt plasma inhibition of antidonor MLC, the inhibition appeared to be Ig-mediated. The results are discussed in relation to current theories of DST mechanisms. PMID- 3155579 TI - Effect of interleukin 2 on the immunosuppressive action of cyclosporine. AB - The influence of exogenous interleukin 2 (IL-2) on the immunosuppressive effect of cyclosporine in the mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) was examined. Results show that addition of exogenous IL-2 to a MLR containing graded doses of CsA (0.01-2.5 micrograms/ml) restored a normal proliferative response to alloantigens. In contrast, the effect of exogenous IL-2 on the induction of cytotoxic lymphocytes in primary MLR in the presence of CsA was variable. At the highest doses of CsA (0.5-2.5 micrograms/ml), no cytotoxic T cell activity could be detected, regardless of the presence of exogenous IL-2. However, at a lower dose of CsA (0.1 microgram/ml) that routinely resulted in the total inhibition of cytotoxic T cell induction, addition of exogenous IL-2 resulted in significant levels of detectable cytotoxic T cell activity. The effect of time-sequential addition of CsA or CsA-plus-exogenous-IL-2 on the proliferative and CML responses in MLR was also examined. Results show that addition of CsA to ongoing primary MLR cultures within the first 48-96 hr of culture results in the significant inhibition of the proliferative and CML response in MLR. Addition of CsA-plus-exogenous-IL-2 to ongoing cultures resulted in no significant inhibition of the proliferative response. In contrast, addition of CsA-plus-exogenous-IL-2 within the first 4 hr of culture did not overcome the immunosuppressive effect of CsA. At 18 hr of culture addition of CsA resulted in complete suppression of the CML response, whereas the addition of CsA-plus-IL-2 resulted in significant levels of cytotoxicity. Thereafter addition of CsA-plus-IL-2 resulted in enhanced levels of cytotoxic T cell activity compared with cultures receiving CsA alone. Taken together, our results suggest that: (1) exogenous IL-2 can overcome the immunosuppressive effect of CsA on the proliferative response in MLR to alloantigens; (2) at high levels of CsA, IL-2 cannot overcome the immunosuppressive effect of CsA on the induction of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes; (3) there are doses of CsA at least in vitro, that allow for the activation of the cytotoxic T cell, presumably with the acquisition of a receptor for IL-2 but without the clonal amplification due to inhibition of IL-2 production; and (4) time-sequential studies revealed that the development of responsiveness to IL-2 by the precursor cytotoxic T cell occurs 4-18 hr after exposure to the stimulating alloantigen with clonal expansion if IL-2 is present. PMID- 3155581 TI - Use of Dacron patch graft in Peyronie disease. AB - A Dacron patch graft for surgical correction of Peyronie disease was used in 4 patients. Results were satisfactory as far as the correction of the penile deformity and resolution of the pain during erection were concerned. No change was found in the patients' potency except in 1 patient whose potency has improved postoperatively. A penile prosthesis was inserted subsequently in 1 patient with decreased potency preoperatively. We conclude that this is a useful and simple surgical treatment for Peyronie disease. PMID- 3155580 TI - Further phenotypic characterization of T cells after human allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 3155582 TI - Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy. PMID- 3155583 TI - Effects of nifedipine on platelet function. AB - Effects of nifedipine on platelet aggregation were studied both in vitro and in vivo. From in vitro experiments, nifedipine inhibited platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition by nifedipine (final concentration 10 micrograms/ml) on epinephrine-induced and collagen-induced platelet aggregation was more than 90%, greater than that on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced aggregation. The consumption ratio of small platelets (less than or equal to 6.4 fL) was higher than that of large platelets (greater than 6.4 fL), suggesting that nifedipine inhibits the aggregation of large platelets more effectively. Changes in the effects of nifedipine on platelet aggregation associated with exercise were also studied in six healthy volunteers. While platelet aggregability increased after exercise without administration of nifedipine, it was inhibited 90 minutes after the drug's administration (10 mg). The inhibition of collagen-induced and ADP-induced (2 microM) aggregation by nifedipine was particularly significant. PMID- 3155584 TI - Cardiodynamic effects of experimental right bundle branch block in canine hearts with normal and hypertrophied right ventricles. AB - Cardiodynamic effects of acute experimental right bundle branch block (RBBB) were studied in canine hearts: group A included 15 normal hearts; group B-1 had seven hearts with mild right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), and group B-2 had 11 hearts with marked RVH. The main sequential changes following RBBB were marked prolongation of the Q upstroke interval of the right ventricle and striking shortening of right ventricular systolic time that affected right and left ventricular interaction, particularly in the hearts with RVH. Hemodynamic changes were: the right ventricular end-diastolic pressure was elevated markedly (4.4 +/- 2.2----9.8 +/- 2.6 mm Hg, p less than 0.001) in group B-2, moderately (p less than 0.01) in group B-1, and not at all in group A. The right ventricular positive peak dp/dt decreased remarkably (1036 +/- 151----827 +/- 152 mm Hg/sec, p less than 0.001) in group B-2 and negligibly in the other groups. A significant correlation existed between the percentage of decrease in right ventricular peak dp/dt and the QRS duration of RBBB in each group (p less than 0.01). The left ventricular peak negative dp/dt decreased distinctly (2570 +/- 326----+/- 2055 +/ 362 mm Hg/sec, p less than 0.01) in group B-2 and not at all in the other groups. The stroke volume showed 12% decrease in group B-2 (p less than 0.001), 8% decrease in group B-1 (NS), and no decrease in group A. In the presence of RVH, acute RBBB causes significant impairment of right and left ventricular function. The magnitude of the impairment invariably depends upon both the prior degree of RVH and the width of the QRS complex. PMID- 3155585 TI - Comparative hemodynamic effects of intravenous dobutamine and MDL-17,043, a new cardioactive drug, in severe congestive heart failure. AB - In 14 patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF) due to ischemic heart disease or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, the hemodynamic response to intravenous infusion of dobutamine (D) was compared to that of a new non catechol, non-glycoside, inotropic and vasodilator agent, MDL-17,043 (MDL) administered in incremental intravenous doses. D and MDL produced comparable increases in cardiac index (L/min/m2) (1.8 +/- 0.4 to 2.9 +/- 0.8 and 1.7 +/- 0.3 to 3.3 +/- 0.6, respectively; both p = 0.001) and stroke volume index (ml/beat/m2) (24 +/- 8 to 35 +/- 9 and 22 +/- 7 to 39 +/- 11, respectively; both p = 0.001). Both D and MDL reduced left ventricular filling pressure (29 +/- 5 to 24 +/- 5 and 29 +/- 6 to 17 +2- 6 mm Hg, respectively; both p less than 0.05), and mean right atrial pressure (11 +/- 4 to 8 +/- 4 and 13 +/- 5 to 6 +/- 4 mm Hg, respectively; both p = 0.001). The overall changes in heart rate and mean arterial pressure were small with both D and MDL. However, MDL in comparison to D resulted in a significantly lower left ventricular filling pressure (p = 0.001), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (p = 0.001), and mean arterial pressure (p less than 0.05). The salutary hemodynamic effects of MDL on cardiac index and left ventricular filling pressure were sustained for an average of 9.6 hours, whereas the effects of D dissipated within 30 minutes of stopping the infusion. No serious adverse effects were noted during acute administration with either drug. Therefore, intravenous MDL may be a useful substitute for D in the acute therapy of severe CHF. PMID- 3155586 TI - Increased capacity of the coronary arteries in chronic Chagas' heart disease: further support for the neurogenic pathogenesis concept. AB - A postmortem study of the capacity of the coronary arteries is presented. The amount of injected Schlessinger's barium-gelatin mass taken up by the coronary arterial tree under standard conditions was used as a measure of coronary capacity. A total of 63 hearts, consisting of those with Chagas' cardiopathy, normal hearts, and hypertrophied hearts, were studied. Correlation coefficients between coronary capacity and heart weight, as well as index of coronary capacity based on heart weight, were the parameters submitted to statistical analysis. Positive correlation coefficients between coronary capacity and heart weight were detected in normal and chagasic cases but not in hypertrophied cases. Multiple comparisons of the indexes showed a highly significant increase of coronary capacity in chagasic cases when compared with normal (p less than 0.005) and hypertrophied hearts (p less than 0.01). The characteristic parasympathetic denervation, resulting in a relative sympathetic overdrive, is suggested to be the basic cause of enlargement of the coronary tree in Chagas' heart disease, thus providing further support for the neurogenic pathogenetic concept. PMID- 3155587 TI - Left ventricular hypertrophy in mild hypertension: correlation with exercise blood pressure. PMID- 3155588 TI - Electrocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of left bundle branch block: an echocardiographic study. AB - This study tests the electrocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in the presence of left bundle branch block (BBB). The LV mass of 125 patients with left BBB was estimated by echocardiography. M-mode echocardiography was technically adequate in 80% of patients. LV mass was calculated using previously validated M-mode formulas and then indexed to body surface area. The known shifts in the QRS voltage and axis with the onset of left BBB led to the selection of 4 electrocardiographic parameters for the diagnosis of LV hypertrophy: R in aVL 11 or more; QRS axis -40 degrees or less (or SII greater than RII); SV1 + RV5 to RV6 40 or more; SV2 30 or more and SV3 25 or more; these parameters were used in cumulative fashion. This cumulative approach was superior to using single conventional criterion such as the SV1 + RV5 or RV6. When LV hypertrophy was defined as an M-mode index of at least 115 g/m2, the sensitivity was 75% and specificity 90%. Using an M-mode mass of at least 215 g as the standard, the sensitivity was 73% and the specificity 66%. LV hypertrophy can be diagnosed by electrocardiographic criteria in the presence of left BBB at least as reliably as in normal conduction. PMID- 3155589 TI - Morphologic changes induced by dilation of the pulmonary valve anulus with overlarge balloons in normal newborn lambs. AB - The optimal method for balloon dilation valvuloplasty of congenital pulmonary valve stenosis has not been established. The cardiac damage produced by using a balloon the same size as the pulmonary anulus has not been described. The use of balloons that are larger than the anulus or of a dynamic dilation technique may enhance gradient reduction, but their added risks are not known. The pulmonary valve anuli of 14 normal newborn lambs were dilated with angioplasty balloons 20% smaller to 90% larger than the anulus; in 3 dilations, a dynamic technique was used, consisting of withdrawal of the fully inflated balloon from the anulus into the body of the right ventricle. Twelve lambs were killed immediately after the procedure and 2 were killed later, and detailed gross anatomic and microscopic observations of the heart were made. These observations support the following conclusions: (1) Dilation of the pulmonary valve anulus with overlarge balloons is "clinically" well tolerated in normal newborn lambs. (2) The major damage to the heart from any balloon is not the pulmonary anulus, but to the right ventricular outflow tract and free wall, with mural hemorrhages of varying size. (3) Trauma is minor if the balloon is 30% larger than the anulus, but is considerable when the balloon is 50% larger; (4) Trauma is worst subjacent to the proximal end of the balloon, so that longer balloons may cause greater damage; and (5) Resolution of acute right ventricular hemorrhage occurs with small, patchy areas of fibrosis. PMID- 3155590 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty after intracoronary streptokinase in evolving acute myocardial infarction. AB - To achieve optimal myocardial revascularization and prevent rethrombosis of the infarct-related coronary artery, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was attempted in 18 patients with evolving acute myocardial infarction (9 anterior and 9 inferior) after administration of intracoronary streptokinase. PTCA was attempted 338 +/- 151 minutes after the onset of symptoms. After thrombolytic therapy, 11 patients had a severe residual stenosis and 7 a persistent total occlusion of the infarct-related coronary artery. PTCA was successful in 13 of 18 patients: in 9 of 11 with coronary stenoses and in 4 of 7 with total coronary occlusions. PTCA reduced the severity of the coronary lesion from 91 +/- 2% to 27 +/- 7% (p less than 0.001), and the transstenotic pressure gradient from 38 +/- 5 to 6 +/- 2 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). One patient in cardiogenic shock died during urgent coronary surgery after unsuccessful PTCA. After PTCA, all patients received heparin and antiplatelet agents. One patient had reinfarction with reocclusion of the infarct-related artery 5 days after PTCA. The other 12 patients had an uneventful hospital course, and cardiac catheterization before hospital discharge (8 to 17 days) revealed reocclusion of the infarct-related coronary artery in 3 and persistent patency in 9. Persistent patency of the infarct-related artery was associated with preservation of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (initial 86 +/- 6 ml/m2, follow-up 91 +/- 6 ml/m2), and improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction in some patients. PMID- 3155591 TI - Mixed-pattern immune deposit glomerulonephritis in a child with inherited deficiency of the third component of complement. AB - The renal histopathology of a 7-year-old Laotian male with inherited deficiency of the third component of complement, recurrent infections, and persistent hematuria and proteinuria is described. The histologic changes are predominantly those of mesangiopathic disease with isolated changes resembling type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and transmembranous glomerulonephritis. IgG, IgA, IgM, C4, and fibrinogen, but not C3, were detected by immunofluorescence in mesangial zones and in segments of capillary walls. A normal distribution of C3b receptors was present along all capillary walls. This report provides additional support for the association of congenital C3 deficiency and immune deposit glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3155592 TI - The presence of cyclosporine in body tissues and fluids during pregnancy. AB - A term pregnancy, labor, and delivery is reported in a cyclosporine- and prednisone-treated female cadaveric renal allograft recipient. A male child, small for gestational age at 2370 g, was born at 38 weeks of gestation with neither congenital anomalies nor nephrotoxicity or hepatotoxicity. Cyclosporine (CSA) concentrations as determined by a radioimmunoassay are reported in maternal and fetal tissues. CSA is present in the fetal circulation during gestation at similar concentrations to those in the mother. Fetal serum at birth displayed 25% suppression of a third-party mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) compared with control incubations. CSA was present in maternal breast milk; therefore, breastfeeding of children by CSA-treated mothers should be avoided. PMID- 3155593 TI - Bond strengths of three resin systems used with brackets and embedded wire attachments. AB - Orthodontic wire bonded directly to teeth with a resin adhesive system has been used to establish anchor units for procedures in orthodontics as well as for splinting teeth in other disciplines. This procedure can save the cost and time of placing a bracket. In addition, several different resin systems have been used for this procedure as well as for placing brackets. The purpose of this study was to determine the strength of three adhesive systems used to bond orthodontic wires directly to teeth and to compare these values with those found for directly bonded orthodontic brackets. Equal sample sizes of brackets or wires were attached to 240 human teeth with either Concise, Miradept, or Endur in a standardized area of etched enamel. Shear and tensile strengths were measured at 30 minutes and at 48 hours. At 30 minutes brackets were significantly stronger than embedded wires, and Concise was significantly stronger than either of the other resins. However, all significant differences between any of the three resin systems using either bonded brackets or wires disappeared at 48 hours. Whether or not this initial strength difference is clinically significant remains speculative. PMID- 3155594 TI - Hodgkin's disease, lymphocyte predominance type, nodular--a distinct entity? Unique staining profile for L&H variants of Reed-Sternberg cells defined by monoclonal antibodies to leukocyte common antigen, granulocyte-specific antigen, and B-cell-specific antigen. AB - Using monoclonal antibodies to leukocyte common antigen, granulocyte-related antigen, and B-cell specific antigens, L&H variants of Reed-Sternberg (R-S) cells in Hodgkin's disease, lymphocyte predominance type (nodular), exhibited a unique staining profile as compared with R-S cells of other histologic types. L&H variants were strongly immunoreactive for leukocyte common antigen, as defined by monoclonal antibodies PD6/27 and 2B11; whereas other types of R-S cells were negative or rarely positive. R-S cells and variants in 69 cases of Hodgkin's disease of nodular sclerosis (41), mixed cellularity (25) or lymphocyte depletion (3) types, were consistently strongly immunoreactive for Leu-M1, a granulocyte related antigen, while L&H variants were uniformly nonreactive (4 cases). B-cell specific antigens, detected by three pan-B-cell monoclonal antibodies, were observed only for L&H variants. These observations suggest that L&H variants of R S cells represent a distinct type of transformed cell, possibly of B-cell origin, and do not share a common lineage with other types of R-S cells. These studies provide further evidence that Hodgkin's disease, lymphocyte predominance type, nodular, may represent a distinct entity. PMID- 3155595 TI - Complement and polymorphonuclear leukocytes do not determine the vascular permeability induced by intraocular LPS. AB - The intravitreous injection of an endotoxin of Escherichia coli 055:B5 (LPS; 0.1 0.5 microgram/50 microliters of saline) induces ocular inflammation in rabbits that is maximal 20-24 hours later and disappears by 4 days. The inflammation is characterized by an alteration in ocular vascular permeability (OVP) measured by the ocular extravasation of 125I-albumin and an outpouring of leukocytes, most of which are polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), as determined by histopathologic study. Nitrogen mustard (mechlorethamine, 1.75 mg/kg) administered 3 days prior to LPS virtually eliminates PMNs in the circulation and those infiltrating ocular tissues 20 hours after intravitreous LPS, and yet the average increase in vascular permeability is not different from that of controls. Cobra venom factor (CVF; 300-400 units) 7 hours before intravitreous LPS produces a greater than 90% decrease in both hemolytic complement activity and zymosan-inducible serum chemotactic activity; yet 20 hours after LPS, the OVP is the same in CVF-treated rabbits and controls. For comparison, an ocular passive Arthus reaction (ovalbumin-anti-ovalbumin) was significantly affected by CVF pretreatment. Chemotactic activity in the aqueous humor is found in both CVF-treated and control rabbits 20 hours after intravitreous LPS. This activity attracts rabbit, but not human, PMNs, is partially heat-sensitive, and is not inhibited when PMNs are preincubated with C5a. These results indicate that neither PMNs nor circulating complement determine the OVP following intravitreous LPS, and that the chemotactic activity present in aqueous humor at the height of the inflammatory response is not primarily C5a. PMID- 3155597 TI - Cytoplasmic and nuclear uptake of aldosterone in toad bladder: a mathematical modeling approach. AB - The mechanism of aldosterone uptake in the epithelial cells of toad bladder was studied using mathematical modeling. Two complementary approaches were used. The first involved analysis of cytosolic aldosterone binding at steady state according to models defined by the sum of independent noninteractive binding sites. The best model describing the experimental data corresponded to two specific binding sites with mean dissociation constant values of 0.20 and 60 nM for types 1 and 2, respectively. The second approach was based on the analysis of cytoplasmic and nuclear aldosterone uptake kinetics at 25 and 0 degrees C in intact bladder. Two models (A and B) were studied. They both implied the existence of two types of aldosterone binding sites as precursors of the corresponding chromatin bound complexes. In model A, nuclear translocation of the two types of receptors was assumed to obey first-order kinetics. In model B, the translocation process for type 1 sites involved a time lag leading to delayed binding to chromatin. Both models were found to fit the experimental data satisfactorily. The fit obtained for model B appeared to be better at low aldosterone concentrations. PMID- 3155596 TI - Implantation site in normal pregnancy. A study with monoclonal antibodies. AB - In the present study, the presence of major histocompatibility complex antigens (MHC) and the degree and nature of inflammatory response in the human placenta were determined by staining frozen tissue sections with monoclonal antibodies and an immunoperoxidase technique. Although class I (HLA-A, B, and C) and Class II (HLA-DR, Ia-like) MHC antigens were not demonstrated in the syncytiotrophoblast, Class I antigens were found in trophoblast of the placental septum, shell, and implantation site and in the chorionic villous stroma. There was no staining for Ia-like antigens in the fetal components of the placenta. T cells were scarce and evenly scattered in the normal implantation site. No T cells infiltrated the chorionic villi. B cells and natural killer cells were not identified in the human placenta. Macrophages constituted more than 20% of the decidual cells and had morphologic features identical to those of "small decidual cells." The lack of T-cell infiltration of the fetal placental structures and their scarcity in the implantation site support the notion that T-cell-mediated immune response against placental antigens is not generated by the maternal host in normal pregnancy. The abundance of macrophages at the implantation site may be related to their possible role in the suppression of immune response. PMID- 3155598 TI - Mental disorders among physical disability determination patients. AB - Persons claiming physical disability who were evaluated at a primary care health center in a small southern city were administered the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Fifty-six per cent of the 43 patients were found to have one or more psychiatric disorders. The relationship between physical disability and psychiatric disorders needs to be recognized in the disability evaluation system. PMID- 3155599 TI - Evaluation of percutaneous transhepatic balloon dilatation of benign biliary strictures in high-risk patients. AB - During the period from 1979 through 1984, 17 patients with benign biliary strictures underwent percutaneous transhepatic balloon dilatation. All patients presented with either hyperbilirubinemia and acute cholangitis, a history of intermittent chills and fever, or both. Balloon dilatation was most successful in those patients with intrahepatic strictures, sclerosing cholangitis, strictured biliary enteric anastomoses, and distal common bile duct strictures with retained calculi. Two patients with postsurgical common bile duct injury had treatment failure 3 and 18 months after dilatation and subsequently underwent elective hepaticojejunostomy. Although our longest treatment success is now more than 4 1/2 years in an 83 year old woman who is 15 years posthepaticojejunostomy, the mean follow-up of the entire group has only been 2 years. On the basis of our early experience and that of others, we now recommend an initial attempt at balloon dilatation in most patients with postsurgical benign biliary strictures. Further technical advances and longer follow-up in present and future series may certainly broaden the appeal of this nonoperative procedure. PMID- 3155600 TI - Horseshoe kidney and renovascular hypertension responsive to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 3155601 TI - Handicapped physicians. PMID- 3155602 TI - Pigmentatio reticularis faciei et colli with multiple epithelial cysts. AB - Brown-black reticular pigmentation developed on the face and neck of a man. This was associated with severe seborrhea and the formation of multiple epithelial cysts on the trunk. We propose the term pigmentatio reticularis faciei et colli with multiple epithelial cysts as a suitable title for this disorder, and we hypothesize that these skin changes in this disorder are of nevoid origin. One similar case has been reported as "lentiginosis senilis" in the Japanese literature. PMID- 3155603 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of idiopathic lipemic tears and massive seborrhea. AB - A 42-year-old man had idiopathic lipemic tears and massive seborrhea. Recent investigations have shown that cholesterol and other lipids occasionally found in tears are produced by meibomian rather than lacrimal glands. The finding in this patient of hypersecretion by both sebaceous glands and meibomian glands, a sebaceous gland variant, suggests that a common mechanism may regulate secretory control of both of these glands. PMID- 3155604 TI - Acne cosmetica following successful treatment with oral isotretinoin. PMID- 3155605 TI - Antiandrogenic effects of topically applied spironolactone on the hamster flank organ. AB - The effects of topically applied spironolactone on the sebaceous glands of flank organs in adult male golden hamsters were investigated. Daily treatment with spironolactone (0.3 mg and 3 mg) on one side only significantly reduced the size of the treated flank organs, while the contralateral flank organs remained unchanged. Lower doses of spironolactone and the vehicle had no effect. Cyproterone acetate therapy resulted in the bilateral reduction of flank organ sizes. In vivo measurement of the palpable bulk of the flank organs correlated with flank organ volumes as determined by computer-assisted planimetry of serial histologic sections. Dry weights of seminal vesicles in animals treated with spironolactone did not differ significantly from those of the control group, while topically applied cyproterone acetate significantly reduced seminal vesicle weight. Topically administered spironolactone appears to have only local antiandrogenic effects, as indicated by the lack of changes in the untreated contralateral flank organs and in the weights of seminal vesicles. PMID- 3155606 TI - Solid facial edema as a complication of acne vulgaris. AB - Persistent solid edema of the face in four healthy young adults seemed to be secondary to preexisting acne vulgaris. Elastic compression and intensive acne therapy were of minimal benefit in resolving the edema. Facial inflammation accompanying acne should be recognized as a rare complication of the acne process. PMID- 3155607 TI - Acne fulminans associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Report of a case. AB - Several reports of acne fulminans (acute febrile ulcerative acne) have described associated musculoskeletal manifestations. We report herein a case of this rare disorder that occurred simultaneously with the onset of Crohn's disease. PMID- 3155608 TI - Determination of C3b receptors on normal and patient polymorphonuclear neutrophils with C3b-coated fluorescent microspheres. AB - A method, devised in the authors' laboratories, for the determination of C3b receptors on normal and patient neutrophils using C3b-coated fluorescent microspheres, was applied to the quantitation of C3b receptors on the neutrophils of several patients suffering from burns and trauma and a patient with pancreatitis. From three to 11 days in the clinical course the relative number of C3b receptors was, or rose to, two to ten times the number of receptors present at later times in the clinical course and, in most of the cases studied, the increase in C3b receptor number coincided with enhanced neutrophil bactericidal function. The rise in C3b receptor number was ascribed to up-regulation by C3a and C5a des Arg from complement activation and also, in the cases where sepsis occurred, to the presence of bacterial chemotactic peptides. Preliminary experiments with zymosan-activated serum and the chemotactic peptide N-formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine confirmed this explanation. PMID- 3155610 TI - A DNA polymorphism for Huntington's disease marks the future. PMID- 3155609 TI - The application of antibiotic bonding to the treatment of established vascular prosthetic infection. AB - We used surfactant-mediated antibiotic bonding to treat established vascular prosthetic infections in an animal model. The infrarenal aorta of dogs was replaced with a polytef (PTFE) graft locally contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. Infected grafts were then replaced with control polytef or polytef bonded with benzylkonium chloride and penicillin G tagged with radioactive carbon, or polytef bonded with tridodecylmethylammonium chloride and penicillin G tagged with radioactive carbon. Both types of antibiotic-bonded grafts had significantly fewer infections than control grafts did. The labeled penicillin G remained bound to both groups of antibiotic-bonded grafts for at least three weeks. In a second group of studies, surfactant-treated polytef adsorbed parenterally administered labeled penicillin G in highly significant concentrations compared with control grafts. These studies suggest the possibility that human vascular prosthetic infection may be treated with an antibiotic-bonded graft. PMID- 3155611 TI - Dysphagia in Huntington's disease. AB - Dysphagia is a common complication of Huntington's disease (HD) that is frequently responsible for the potentially lethal respiratory events of aspiration or asphyxiation. Twelve patients who had HD and a history of dysphagia underwent extensive multidisciplinary clinical examinations. All of the patients, regardless of the clinical severity of their disease, demonstrated impaired control of many voluntary aspects of food intake that affected swallowing efficiency. Abnormalities of the rate of food consumption, mastication, bolus transfer, respiration, and swallow initiation seem to be responsible for most dysphagic symptoms in HD. Less prominent abnormalities of the pharyngoesophageal phases of ingestion were also noted. Dysphagia therapy was initiated in 11 of 12 patients. All of the patients' conditions improved; a majority (8/11) of the patients returned to an unrestricted diet. This improvement persisted for as long as three years, while other clinical features of HD intensified. PMID- 3155612 TI - Clinical impact of recombinant DNA research on neurogenetic diseases. Report of Mary Jennifer Selznick Workshop, organized by the Hereditary Disease Foundation. PMID- 3155613 TI - Deafness in developing countries. Approaches to a global program of prevention. AB - The United Nations has adopted a strategic plan for the 1980s to prevent disabling conditions, primarily within the developing countries of the world. Currently, it is estimated that there are 450 million disabled people in the world and that hearing loss is one of the major disabling conditions within this group. The severity of this problem can be reduced by coordinated international planning and implementation of programs designed to reduce the impact of the various etiologic factors that are responsible for this problem. PMID- 3155614 TI - Resistance of CCRF-CEM cloned sublines to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine associated with enhanced phosphatase activities. AB - Resistance of human CCRF-CEM leukemic cells in tissue culture to 5-fluoro-2' deoxyuridine (FdUrd) has been examined following a single drug exposure (FS sublines). In two FS sublines generated by soft agar cloning of FdUrd sensitive cells in the presence of 10 nM FdUrd, the level of drug resistance was maintained at 22- to 30-fold following 1 month growth in the absence of FdUrd. Characteristic of the FS sublines was a decreased accumulation and retention of free intracellular 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (FdUMP) averaging 3% of FdUrd sensitive cells, a more rapid rate of disappearance of free FdUMP and FdUMP-bound thymidylate synthase (EC 2.1.1.45, 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase), and enhanced alkaline and acid phosphatase activities. There was no significant difference in the number of nucleoside transport sites per cell among the FS sublines and FdUrd-sensitive cells, indicating that the decreased accumulation of FdUMP in the resistant sublines was not the result of impaired FdUrd transport across the plasma membrane. The more rapid turnover of FdUMP-bound TMP synthase observed in the FS sublines was neither accompanied by a decreased stability of the TMP synthase FdUMP-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate ternary complex, nor an enhanced rate of degradation of FdUrd to the less potent agent, 5-fluorouracil. In addition, the growth rates of the two FS sublines were similar to that of FdUrd sensitive cells in medium containing hypoxanthine, methotrexate, and thymidine, indicating that there was no depletion of thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.21, ATP : thymidine-5' phosphotransferase) in the FS sublines. Therefore, we propose that enhanced activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, which influence the intracellular accumulation and retention of FdUMP, are important determinants of stable FdUrd resistance in CCRF-CEM cells. PMID- 3155615 TI - Stimulation of canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake by dihydropyridine Ca2+ antagonists. AB - We examined the effects of four Ca2+ antagonists that possess the ability to bind to calmodulin-felodipine, nitrendipine, prenylamine, and verapamil--as well as the effect of the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine on Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+ + Mg2+/ATPase activity in canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. In the presence of 20-30 microM felodipine and 100-200 microM nitrendipine, Ca2+ uptake increased from 69 nmoles X mg-1 X min-1 to 107 and 108 nmoles X mg-1 X min-1, respectively, with half-maximal stimulation occurring at 7.5 and 28 microM respectively. Ca2+ + Mg2+/ATPase activity was unchanged over the same concentration ranges. In contrast, both Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+ + Mg2+/ATPase activities were inhibited in the presence of 10-100 microM trifluoperazine (IC50 = 25 microM), 10-100 microM prenylamine (IC50 = 35 microM) and 100-200 microM verapamil (inhibition insufficient for IC50 determination). None of the drugs affected membrane permeability to Ca2+ as determined by passive 45Ca2+ efflux in the presence of ethyleneglycol bis(beta-amenoethyl ether)N,N,N1-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). Drug inhibition of calmodulin-dependent turkey gizzard myosin light chain kinase activation in a purified protein system was used as a direct measure of calmodulin antagonism, and felodipine, nitrendipine, trifluoperazine, prenylamine, and verapamil blocked this activation at IC50 values of 9.8, 55, 6.4, 31, and 93 microM respectively. None of the drugs studied, however, had any effect upon endogenous phospholamban phosphorylation in our cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum preparations. These observations indicate that dihydropyridine Ca2+ antagonists stimulate cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake in vitro either by increasing the efficiency of the transport process or by inhibiting Ca2+ dependent Ca2+ release, and suggest that these effects do not result from interference with calmodulin-mediated processes. PMID- 3155616 TI - Action of ADP and ethanol on muscle proteins in vitro. AB - The effects of ADP and ethanol on Ca2+ binding of troponin and the superprecipitation of actomyosin were studied. Ca2+ binding of troponin tropomyosin complex bound to polystyrene particles (Lytron) was increased by ADP, and this increase was inhibited by ethanol. However, Ca2+ binding of the complex as measured by equilibrium dialysis and by the chelex resin method was not influenced by either ADP or ADP plus ethanol. Ca2+ binding of the thin filament, myosin-ghost myofibrils and myofibrils was also not inhibited. Superprecipitation of actomyosin was augmented in the presence of ADP, and the enhancement was inhibited by ethanol. However, this effect of ADP or ethanol was not observed in the presence of an inhibitor of myokinase, p1, p5-di (adenosine-5') pentaphosphate (Ap5A). In the presence of Ap5A, superprecipitation of actomyosin was enhanced when small amounts of ATP (10 microM) and ADP (100 microM) were added 5 min prior to the addition of 2 mM ATP to start the reaction. The enhancement of superprecipitation of actomyosin by ADP may be caused by nuclei produced by a low concentration of ATP which is produced from ADP by contaminating myokinase activity. These data suggest that ADP and ethanol influence Ca2+ binding of the troponin-tropomyosin complex bound to a solid phase, but their effects on superprecipitation may not necessarily reflect muscle contraction in vivo. PMID- 3155618 TI - Use of the exercise maximal ST segment/heart rate slope in assessing the results of coronary angioplasty. PMID- 3155617 TI - Effects of L-canavanine on T cells may explain the induction of systemic lupus erythematosus by alfalfa. AB - Alfalfa sprouts can induce systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in monkeys. This property of alfalfa sprouts has been attributed to their non-protein amino acid constituent, L-canavanine. Occurrence of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and exacerbation of SLE have been linked to ingestion of alfalfa tablets containing L canavanine. In this report we show that L-canavanine has dose-related effects in vitro on human immunoregulatory cells, which could explain its lupus-inducing potential. These effects include: 1) diminution of the mitogenic response to both phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A but not to pokeweed mitogen, as determined in both thymidine incorporation and cell cycle studies, and 2) abrogation of concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell function, which results in increased release of both IgG and DNA binding activity into supernatants by cells from normal subjects and SLE patients. These immunoregulatory effects of L-canavanine may explain the induction or exacerbation of SLE by alfalfa. PMID- 3155619 TI - Predictive value of early maximal exercise test and thallium scintigraphy after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Restenosis of the dilated vessel after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty can be detected by non-invasive procedures but their ability to predict later restenosis soon after a successful angioplasty as well as recurrence of angina has not been assessed. A maximal exercise test and myocardial thallium perfusion scintigraphy were, therefore, performed in 91 asymptomatic patients a median of 5 weeks after they had undergone a technically successful angioplasty. Primary success of the procedure was confirmed by the decrease in percentage diameter stenosis from 64(12)% to 30(13)% as measured from the coronary angiograms and in the trans-stenotic pressure gradient (normalised for mean aortic pressure) from 0.61(0.16) to 0.17(0.09). A clinical follow up examination (8.6(4.9) months later) was carried out in all patients and a late coronary angiogram obtained in 77. The thallium perfusion scintigram showing the presence or absence of a reversible defect was highly predictive for restenosis whereas the exercise test was not. The positive predictive value of an abnormal scintigram was 82% compared with 60% for the exercise test (ST segment depression/or angina or both at peak workload). Angina or a new myocardial infarction occurred in 60% of patients with abnormal and in 21% of patients with normal scintigrams. PMID- 3155620 TI - Characterisation of macrophages infiltrating human mammary carcinomas. PMID- 3155621 TI - Intraperitoneal bleeding from ectopic decidua following hormonal contraception. Case report. PMID- 3155622 TI - Gastroschisis and exomphalos: precise diagnosis by midpregnancy ultrasound. AB - As part of a regional screening programme for neural-tube defects the cause of the raised alpha-fetoprotein levels was correctly identified in 13 pregnancies with a fetal abdominal wall defect by the 22nd week. Careful ultrasound study identified gastroschisis in seven fetuses and exomphalos in six: the presence or absence of a sac, the course of the umbilical vessels and the abdominal organs involved were the most important diagnostic criteria. Pregnancy continued into the third trimester in five cases complicated solely by gastroschisis and two babies have survived the neonatal period following surgical correction. It is suggested that precise identification by ultrasound of the type and severity of abdominal wall defect and also of the presence or absence of associated anomalies will enable the selection of some babies with gastroschisis or isolated exomphalos which have a good prognosis for survival without handicap. PMID- 3155623 TI - Synthesis of ATP catalyzed by the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase from erythrocyte ghosts. Energy conservation in plasma membranes. AB - The (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase from erythrocyte ghosts catalyzed the hydrolysis of ATP together with the synthesis of ATP or ATP in equilibrium 'Pi exchange. The modulation of the ATPase reaction cycle was controlled by high- and low-affinity calcium-binding sites asymmetrically located on the enzyme. Calmodulin accelerated the reaction cycle in both directions, stimulating the overall turnover of the enzyme. Calcium transport was achieved utilizing optimal conditions for the expression of the ATP in equilibrium Pi exchange system. PMID- 3155624 TI - Phosphorylation of ventricular sarcolemmal membranes does not alter binding properties of nitrendipine. AB - Isoproterenol increased contractility in isolated cat papillary muscles 2-fold with an EC50 of 6.3 X 10(-8) M. Nifedipine (3 X 10(-7) M) reduced contractility in control muscles by 43%; however, inotropic state was restored by isoproterenol with a comparable EC50 of 5 X 10(-8) M. To test the hypothesis that this effect might result from cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of a Ca2+ channel-associated protein, [3H]nitrendipine binding was used to probe the high-affinity 1,4 dihydropyridine site in either phosphorylated or dephosphorylated sarcolemmal vesicles. Kd and Bmax values for binding to phosphorylated sarcolemmal vesicles (0.14 +/- 0.027 nM and 479 +/- 62 fmol/mg protein, respectively) were not significantly different from control values P greater than 0.4). Similarly, dephosphorylation of sarcolemmal vesicles did not alter binding parameters. These data demonstrate that phosphorylation of sarcolemmal vesicles neither alters the binding affinity for [3H]nitrendipine nor promotes an interconversion of dihydropyridine-binding sites from high to low affinity or vice versa. While phosphorylation may regulate the slow Ca2+ channel, this is not reflected as changes in [3H]nitrendipine-binding parameters determined in vitro. Furthermore, the cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation state of sarcolemmal proteins does not appear to account for wide variations (more than 100-fold) between Kd values from binding studies and IC50 values determined in pharmacological investigations. PMID- 3155625 TI - Stimulation of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity in human erythrocyte membranes by synthetic lysophosphatidic acids and lysophosphatidylcholines. Effects of chain length and degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid groups. AB - Synthetic lysophosphatidic acids and lysophosphatidylcholines were examined for their effects on the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase of human erythrocyte membranes. Addition of these compounds to erythrocyte ghosts caused significant changes in ATPase activity. The degree of unsaturation and the length of the sn-1 long chain hydrocarbon moiety were both contributing factors. All lysophosphatidic acids tested stimulated (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity. Of the species having a saturated acyl group, the most active was the myristoyl derivative. Linoleoyllysophosphatidic acid was the most potent of the unsaturated species. Saturated lysophosphatidylcholines with a short chain fatty acyl group (C10 to C14) exhibited only a moderate stimulatory activity, whereas the longer chain homologues, i.e., C16 and C18 were inhibitory at high concentrations. On the other hand, unsaturated lysophosphatidylcholines had stimulatory activities comparable to the unsaturated lysophosphatidic acids. These results suggest that the acidic moiety of lysophosphatidic acid is not an important structural determinant for expressing ATPase stimulatory activity in ghosts. Rather the nature of the hydrocarbon chain as well as the lyso structure of these compounds appear most critical under these conditions. The stimulatory effects of lysophosphatidic acids or lysophosphatidylcholines were additive to that induced with calmodulin, suggesting that these lysophospholipids affect the (Ca2+ + Mg2+) ATPase by a mechanism which is different from that seen with calmodulin. PMID- 3155627 TI - Suppression of active cross-bridge motions of isolated thick myofilaments in suspension by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. AB - Studies of photoelectron count autocorrelation function of light scattered from suspensions of thick filaments of Limulus telson muscle and scallop striated adductor muscle reveal that Ca2+ can activate cross-bridge motions of these isolated filaments. By treating suspensions of activated filaments with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), we can suppress active cross-bridge motions but not affect the Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity. PMID- 3155629 TI - [Blood flow velocity--a constantly acting factor in dilatation of the large arteries]. AB - Acute experiments on cats have demonstrated the presence of renal artery sensitivity to the bloodstream velocity; the artery is enlarged with the blood flow increase and is narrowed with its decrease. The dilatation of the artery caused by the double increase of the blood flow (from 20 to 40 ml/min) is 23 +/- 8%. It has been established experimentally that carotid, femoral and renal arteries of cats respond to minor changes (of the order of 1 ml/min) in the volumetric velocity of the bloodstream by changing their diameters. Therefore, the arteries continuously follow the bloodstream velocity changes by changing their diameters. It may thus be concluded that the bloodstream itself is the artery dilatation factor. PMID- 3155628 TI - Activity and isoenzyme patterns of glycolytic enzymes during perinatal development of rat lung. AB - The enzymes hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1), phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11), enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) and pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) were studied in rat lung during development starting at day 16 of gestation (day-6) until 5 days after birth. During gestation, the activities of hexokinase type II, enolase and pyruvate kinase decreased and reached adult values at birth or shortly thereafter. Hexokinase type I remained relatively constant and the decrease of soluble type II hexokinase was compensated for by an increment of particle-bound hexokinase starting at day 20 of gestation until birth. In contrast, phosphofructokinase activity increased until day 20 of gestation followed by a rapid fall in activity until 2 days after birth. Except for hexokinase no isoenzyme shifts were observed in the period of observation. The results are discussed with respect to the proposed relationship between glycogen breakdown and surfactant synthesis during the perinatal period and suggest a regulatory role for phosphofructokinase in this process. PMID- 3155626 TI - On the fidelity of DNA replication: use of synthetic oligonucleotide-initiated reactions. AB - The phi X174 fidelity system provides a biological assay for quantitating the accuracy of DNA polymerases. Expansion of this system to cell extracts and DNA replication complexes from eucaryotes has been limited by the presence of nucleases in these preparations. We have overcome these limitations by priming the phi X template with a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide, with its free 3' hydroxyl terminus only a short distance from the amber locus that is the site for determining the frequency of misincorporation. In this paper, this modified phi X system is characterized and compared to that using defined natural DNA restriction fragments as primers. The modified system has been applied to studies on the fidelity of DNA synthesis using different forms of purified DNA polymerase alpha from calf thymus, as well as crude extracts from human lymphocytes. PMID- 3155630 TI - [Electrophoretic analysis of the characteristics of the protein composition of leukocytes from Down's syndrome patients]. AB - Protein with a molecular mass of 53000 daltons undetectable in healthy persons was identified by electrophoresis in peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with Down's syndrome. The protein was completely extracted with 0.4 N HCl from leukocyte homogenates and was found to be identical, as regards electrophoretic mobility, to protein detected in two patients with chronic myeloblastic leukemia. The causes of discrepancy between theoretically expected and electrophoresis revealed differences in protein composition of normal and trisomal cells. PMID- 3155631 TI - Inherited phosphofructokinase deficiency in dogs with hyperventilation-induced hemolysis: increased in vitro and in vivo alkaline fragility of erythrocytes. AB - Two male English springer spaniel dogs with a chronic hemolytic anemia and sporadic hemolytic crises, historically related to "stress" situations, were studied. Although canine erythrocytes are in general known to be more alkaline fragile, erythrocytes from both patients began to lyse earlier, at significantly lower pH values (near pH 7.4 at 37 degrees C), than erythrocytes from control dogs. Hyperventilation induced by 30 minutes of exercise, placement in a 39 degrees C water bath, or intravenous doxapram increased venous blood pH in dog 1 and control dogs, but transient hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, and severe bilirubinuria occurred only in the studied patient. The erythrocyte phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity was severely decreased in both dogs (10% of controls). The erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate content was markedly reduced and the cell chloride content was consequently increased. This change in cell chloride content is related to an increase in the erythrocyte pH, which may partially explain the pathogenesis of hemolysis in canine PFK deficiency. Thus, these studies demonstrate a presumably inherited erythrocyte PFK deficiency in English springer spaniels, which causes an increased in vitro and in vivo erythrocyte alkaline fragility. Dogs with PFK deficiency and inducible hemolytic crises may become a valuable genetic animal model in which to study the pathophysiology of hemolysis. PMID- 3155632 TI - Regulation of human peripheral blood erythroid burst-forming unit growth by T lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subpopulations defined by OKT4 and OKT8 monoclonal antibodies. AB - To reexamine the influence that T lymphocytes have on the regulation of human peripheral blood burst-forming unit (BFU-E) proliferation in the absence of a statistically significant number of monocytes, very low numbers (3 to 10 X 10(3)/mL) of a null cell fraction highly enriched for BFU-E were cultured alone and in the presence of 5 X 10(5) sheep erythrocyte-purified, autologous T lymphocytes in a methylcellulose culture system containing erythropoietin. T lymphocytes consistently enhanced the growth of BFU-E from the null cell fraction, as reflected in both their number and size. Irradiation of T lymphocytes prior to coculture with null cells markedly reduced this enhancement, strongly suggesting that T lymphocytes synthesize erythroid burst-promoting factors (BPA). To determine whether there were functional differences between the two major T lymphocyte populations as defined by OKT4 (T helper/inducer) and OKT8 (T suppressor/cytotoxic) murine monoclonal antibodies to stimulate the growth of BFU-E, both T cell subpopulations were isolated by negative (panning) or positive (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) selection and cocultured with null cells. No statistically significant differences emerged between unseparated, OKT4+ and OKT8+ T lymphocytes in their ability to stimulate the growth of BFU-E. Thus, these studies provide further evidence that T lymphocytes are a major population of BPA-producing cells and further that OKT4+ and OKT8+ T lymphocytes equally elaborate these factors. PMID- 3155634 TI - Incisional hernia: a 10 year prospective study of incidence and attitudes. AB - Five hundred and sixty-four patients reviewed 1 year after major abdominal surgery have been studied prospectively by a single observer for 10 years to determine the incidence and significance of incisional hernia. Of 337 (60 per cent) patients completing the 10 year follow-up 37 (11 per cent) developed an incisional hernia and 13 (35 per cent) of these first appeared at 5 years or later. One in three hernias caused symptoms. The late appearing hernias were smaller than the early ones, and caused little trouble. Of the 18 patients who consulted their general practitioner, 11 had symptoms and of these six (55 per cent) were referred for surgical opinion. Many hernias were diagnosed at routine outpatient follow-up and were likely to receive treatment from the surgeon. Most symptomatic patients were offered surgery with the remainder usually being offered a corset. In about half our patients (mainly those without symptoms) surgery was refused or advised against although the patients would have accepted it. Recurrence is common after surgical repair (40 per cent) but seems to be related to surgical technique. The possibility of complications occurring from an incisional hernia does not appear to be discussed with patients although obstruction occurred in 14 per cent of our patients with troublesome hernia. PMID- 3155635 TI - Fatal multisystemic toxicity associated with prophylaxis with pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine (Fansidar). PMID- 3155633 TI - Adrenergic and serotoninergic mechanisms in human hand arteries and veins studied by fluorescence histochemistry and in vitro pharmacology. AB - Isolated hand arteries and veins from healthy human subjects were tested in vitro for their contractile response to adrenergic agonists and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5 HT) under standardized conditions. This allowed for quantitative estimation of various receptor characteristics. The relative sympathomimetic potency suggested alpha-adrenergic receptors, which was confirmed in Schild plots following phentolamine antagonism of the response (pA2 for artery 7.57, for vein 7.75). 5 HT contracted with a relative potency approximately equal to noradrenaline and adrenaline in arteries, but only one fifth to one tenth of the catecholamine activity in veins. Ketanserin inhibited the 5-HT response in a competitive, probably also irreversible, manner in arteries (pA2 9.50, KA 8.90 X 10(-7) M). In the veins, ketanserin counteracted the 5-HT-induced contraction in a noncompetitive way. PMID- 3155637 TI - Needs and opportunities in rehabilitation. Aids and the environment. PMID- 3155636 TI - Preliminary report on use of depot formulation of LHRH analogue ICI 118630 (Zoladex) in patients with prostatic cancer. AB - A study was conducted of the response of the pituitary-testicular axis to two different methods of administration of the luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue ICI 118630 (Zoladex) in patients with prostatic cancer. The analogue was given by continuous infusion to four previously untreated patients with prostatic cancer for 60 days (group 1). Subsequently a further four patients were given a depot formulation of the same analogue by subcutaneous injection once every 28 days (group 2). Both methods of administration produced similar, successful suppression of luteinising hormone (LH) associated with a reduction of testosterone to castrate concentrations. The median basal testosterone concentrations before treatment in groups 1 and 2 were 20.6 and 14.1 nmol/l (5.94 and 4.07 ng/ml) respectively; these were reduced to 1.4 and 1.1 nmol/l (0.40 and 0.32 ng/ml) within four weeks of the start of treatment. The median basal LH concentration in groups 1 and 2 were 7.9 and 16.6 IU/1 respectively, which were suppressed to 2.6 and 2.4 IU/1 by four weeks. The suppression of LH and testosterone was maintained with continuous subcutaneous infusion for up to 60 days in group 1, and by subsequent injections of the depot every 28 days in group 2. The use of depot preparation of an LHRH analogue to suppress gonadotrophin and sex hormone secretion offers the convenience of once monthly injections when LHRH analogues are required for the long term treatment of elderly patients with prostatic cancer and children with precocious puberty. PMID- 3155638 TI - Disability as identified from general practice records. AB - Thirty eight doctors who attended a postgraduate educational course provided information about disabled patients identified in a search of 7000 records. Disablement was defined as a major disruption to the normal lifestyle of patients in appropriate age and sex groups. Altogether 242 people were identified as disabled, equivalent to 32 per 1000 population, which is closely similar to that published by Harris, who identified patients by postal questionnaire. Among adults aged 15 to 64 more men were identified than women, and we suggest that a higher rate of disablement might be expected in men. Disablement among women may be underestimated because of underrecognition by doctors of disability in housewives. Fifty two per cent of all disabled people were able to attend the doctor's surgery, and 72% were receiving regular medication; 79% were dependent on relatives, but only 30% were dependent on statutory services. In the opinion of the recording doctors medical and nursing needs were well met, though not the social needs, where the importance of living alone is noteworthy. PMID- 3155639 TI - Severe disability: 1--Tasks of rehabilitation. PMID- 3155640 TI - Severe disability: 2--Residential care and living in the community. PMID- 3155642 TI - B- and T-lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease. An immunohistochemical study utilizing heterologous and monoclonal antibodies. AB - Immunohistologic techniques utilizing monoclonal antibodies have made possible the identification of leukocytes by their phenotypic characteristics rather than by morphologic features alone. A panel of antibodies for T-lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, and monocyte/histiocyte markers has been applied to frozen sections of nodular sclerosing and mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease to identify more precisely the various cell types present in tissues involved in Hodgkin's disease. The majority of lymphocytes expressed detectable T-cell phenotypic markers, with a predominance of the "helper" phenotype (Leu 3/OKT4) in most cases. Lymphocytes reacting with anti-B-cell antibodies were also demonstrated; their distribution is described here and has not previously been reported. The anti-B- and anti-T-cell antibodies used in this study failed to give positive reactivity with Reed-Sternberg cells. However, one of the anti-monocyte antibodies (Leu-M1) reacted with diagnostic Reed-Sternberg cells in some cases. The patterns of staining observed varied widely within the two histologic types of Hodgkin's disease, leading to a conclusion that this disease may be more heterogeneous than is currently suspected. PMID- 3155641 TI - Syngamosis, an unusual cause of asthma: the first reported case in Canada. AB - The first case of syngamosis in a human in Canada is reported. The patient, a traveller to the Caribbean islands, presented with a chronic dry cough. The nematode Syngamus laryngeus is found in wild and domestic birds and mammals in the tropics and subtropics. Humans are only accidental hosts. The diagnosis of syngamosis is usually made by fibreoptic bronchoscopic examination, which reveals the Y-shaped worms in the bronchi or the characteristic eggs in the sputum or feces. Physicians must be alerted to the possibility of syngamosis in patients with symptoms of asthma who have recently travelled to South America or the Caribbean islands. PMID- 3155643 TI - Prognosis of surgically determined complete responders in advanced ovarian cancer. AB - From January 1971 through December 1981, 246 patients with advanced (Stages III and IV) epithelial ovarian cancer underwent second-look laparotomy at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston. Eighty-five of these patients had a complete response (negative second-look laparotomy) following treatment with a variety of chemotherapeutic regimens. Three patients had also received irradiation. Patients were analyzed according to pretreatment characteristics (age, FIGO stage, ascites, pleural effusion, histologic grade, tumor type, type of surgery, residual tumor diameter, initial clinical status) and by the number of biopsy specimens taken at second-look laparotomy. The probability of recurrence and the length of survival following a negative second-look laparotomy are statistically related to these characteristics. Twenty of the 85 patients (24%) developed recurrent disease 5 to 32 months after laparotomy. The estimated 2- and 5-year survival rates are 99% and 85%, respectively. Patients who achieve a surgically determined complete response have an excellent chance for long-term survival. PMID- 3155644 TI - T-cell abnormalities after mediastinal irradiation for lung cancer. The in vitro influence of synthetic thymosin alpha-1. AB - The effects of mediastinal irradiation (RT) on the numbers and functions of purified peripheral blood T-lymphocytes from patients with locally advanced non small cell lung cancer were evaluated. The patients were candidates for a randomized trial to evaluate the immunorestorative properties of synthetic thymosin alpha-1. Twenty-one patients studied before RT did not exhibit any significant difference in T-cell numbers or function compared to age-matched healthy subjects. However, 41 patients studied within 1 week after completing RT exhibited significant depressions of E-rosette-forming cells at 4 degrees C (E4 degrees-RFC)/mm3, E-rosette-forming cells at 29 degrees C (E29 degrees-RFC)/mm3, OKT3/mm3, OKT4/mm3, and OKT8/mm3 (P = 0.0001); total T-cell percentages (%OKT3, P = 0.01); and T-cell proliferative responses in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLR) (P = 0.01) and to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin under suboptimal conditions (P less than or equal to 0.03). Nine patients studied before and after RT showed a significant increase in OKT4/OKT8 (P = 0.01) following RT. A short-term in vitro incubation with thymosin alpha-1 could enhance MLR of T-cells in 12 of 27 patients with post-RT abnormalities. In 13 patients who were treated with placebo, the RT-induced depression of T-cell numbers and function persisted for at least 3 to 4 months. In addition, in 12 patients progressive decreases developed in %E4 degrees-RFC, %OKT3, %OKT4, and OKT4/OKT8, which always preceded clinical relapse. This study indicates that mediastinal RT results in prolonged depletion of circulating T-cells, alterations of T-cell subset proportions, and intrinsic T-cell functional deficiencies. This patient population provides a uniformly immunosuppressed group of subjects with which to evaluate the immunorestorative effects of thymosin alpha-1 or other biologic response modifiers. PMID- 3155645 TI - SCE frequency and lymphocyte proliferation in a Down's syndrome mosaic developing an acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Sister chromatid exchange and cell proliferation time were examined by differential chromatid staining in a Down's syndrome, mosaic case suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The SCE frequency in stimulated blood lymphocytes had already increased before treatment was started. The therapy was correlated with a further SCE increase in the trisomic cells but not in the normal ones. The trisomic cells showed a shortened cell cycle time in the remission phase, as well as during therapy. In both cell lines, a very similar slow down in cell proliferation was observed after treatment, as indicated by a high number of mitoses from the first and second mitotic cycle. The results indicate that the trisomic cells are more sensitive to the mutagenic effect of the antileukemic treatment than are normal cells. PMID- 3155646 TI - Identification of a high-frequency model for renal carcinoma by the induction of renal tumors in the mouse with a single dose of streptozotocin. AB - In order to develop a high-frequency, single-dose model of renal epithelial tumor induction in the mouse, streptozotocin (250 mg/kg) was administered i.v. to 6 week-old males and females of the CBA/H/T6J strain. In groups of 26 males and 30 females representing the effective number of survivors eligible for tumor estimates, renal cell tumors were found in 73% of males and 97% of females, including incidences of lesions diagnosed as renal carcinoma in 31 and 60%, respectively. The difference in renal tumor frequency between the sexes was not considered a real effect owing to the significantly decreased survival of the males. The neoplastic lesions ranged from small papillary or cystopapillary adenomas with a benign appearance to large, solid carcinomas with a low potential for metastasis. In the females, 22% of the larger tumors metastasized to distant sites, mainly the lungs. Intermediate lesions incorporating both papillary and solid adenomatous profiles suggested a sequential development of carcinomas along this pathway from the smaller papillary foci. The data establish the administration of a single dose of streptozotocin in the female CBA/H/T6J as a suitable high incidence model for the study of renal epithelial carcinogenesis in the mouse. PMID- 3155647 TI - Promoting effect of nicotinamide on the development of renal tubular cell tumors in rats initiated with diethylnitrosamine. AB - Nicotinamide administered in the drinking water of male Fischer 344 rats increased the number of renal tubular cell tumors of rats treated with an i.p. injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (25-mg/kg body weight). The incidence of kidneys with tumors in rats treated with DEN alone was 5%. In rats which received DEN and then were promoted with either 30 or 6.7 mM nicotinamide in their drinking water, the incidence of kidneys with tumors rose to 59 and 28%, respectively. Rats which were on 30 mM nicotinamide but did not receive DEN had no kidney tumors present. These results show that nicotinamide promoted DEN induced renal tubular cell tumorigenesis. PMID- 3155648 TI - Translocation of phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase and its substrate, Mr 38,000 protein, in chronic myelocytic and acute myelocytic leukemias. AB - Phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (PL-Ca-PK) and its substrates were investigated in neutrophils from normal subjects and in chronic myelocytic and acute myelocytic leukemic cells from patients with or without treatment for leukemia. PL-Ca-PK and its substrates were found in total particulate fraction of normal neutrophils, but less in cytosol. In leukemic cells from chronic myelocytic leukemia patients without treatment, PL-Ca-PK and its substrate, Mr 38,000 protein, increased in cytosol but decreased in total particulate fraction as compared with normal neutrophils. In leukemic cells obtained from chronic myelocytic leukemia patients after treatment mainly with busulfan, PL-Ca-PK and Mr 38,000 protein were increased in total particulate fraction but decreased in cytosol. Using leukemic cells from acute myelocytic leukemia patients with or without treatment, similar results were obtained. The change of localization of PL-Ca-PK and Mr 38,000 protein in leukemic cells appeared to be correlated to the increase or decrease of the number of leukemic cells. These results suggested that PL-Ca-PK together with the substrate, Mr 38,000 protein, might be translocated from total particulate fraction to cytosol with the onset of leukemia, and from cytosol to total particulate fraction accompanying treatment for leukemia. PMID- 3155649 TI - Long-term, ambulatory, continuous IV infusion of 5-FU for the treatment of advanced adenocarcinomas. AB - Twenty-three patients with metastatic adenocarcinomas were treated with long term, continuous, ambulatory iv infusion of 5-FU. Length of infusion ranged from 54 to 324 days. The usual daily dose was 300 mg/m2. Toxicity was primarily stomatitis. Hand/foot syndrome occurred in 11 patients. Nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, and alopecia were not observed. Thirteen patients had stomatitis. Eighteen patients had evaluable lesions; eight achieved partial response, five had stable disease, and five had progressive disease. Further studies are necessary to confirm the level of tumor response and survival period of patients treated with this method. PMID- 3155650 TI - Peptichemio in pretreated patients with ovarian cancer. AB - From January 1978 to October 1982, 47 patients with histological diagnosis of epithelial cancer of the ovary received peptichemio (PTC) at a dose of 70 mg/m2 (maximum, 120 mg total) every 15 days. Forty-two patients are now evaluable: 27 with stage III and 15 with stage IV disease. All patients but four with stage IV disease had been pretreated and had received at least one drug combination (median, three drugs per patient, including alkylating agents). Before the administration of PTC, the tumor extension in the abdomen was carefully assessed in all patients: ten patients had residual tumor less than 2 cm in diameter, while 32 patients had tumor greater than 2 cm in diameter. Objective responses were obtained in ten patients (23.8%): six complete remissions and one partial remission were observed in stage III patients and one complete remission and two partial remissions were observed in stage IV patients. Of the ten responding patients, eight had tumors less than 2 cm in diameter before receiving PTC. The median duration of response was 16 months. The most frequent side effects were myelosuppression and phlebosclerosis. Bone marrow depression was a common finding after the third course in heavily pretreated patients. Accordingly, in these patients a schedule interval of 3 weeks should be more appropriate. Since most of the responders were in the "small tumor" category, PTC appears to be an active drug in patients with ovarian cancer having small tumors (less than 2 cm). On the other hand, the response rate in a nonselected population of patients remains to be clearly defined with further studies. PMID- 3155651 TI - Influence of aminoglutethimide on plasma levels of medroxyprogesterone acetate: its correlation with serum cortisol. AB - Postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with aminoglutethimide (AG) and high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Studying the interaction between the two drugs as far as plasma MPA and cortisol levels are concerned we observed a 50% decrease of plasma MPA levels after the addition of AG (P less than 0.005). With large interindividual differences in plasma MPA levels, a significant correlation with serum cortisol levels was found (P less than 0.001). It can be concluded that AG leads to a lowering of plasma MPA levels to such an extent that its adrenal suppressive effect may be diminished or even abrogated. In future trials of MPA with or without AG correlations between plasma MPA levels, serum cortisol levels and treatment response should be taken into account. PMID- 3155652 TI - Identification and isolation of a 140 kd cell surface glycoprotein with properties expected of a fibronectin receptor. AB - Affinity chromatography was used to identify a putative cell surface receptor for fibronectin. A large cell-attachment-promoting fibronectin fragment was used as the affinity matrix, and specific elution was effected by using synthetic peptides containing the sequence Arg-Gly-Asp, which is derived from the cell recognition sequence in the fibronectin cell attachment site. A 140 kd protein was bound by the affinity matrix from octylglucoside extracts of MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells and specifically eluted with the synthetic peptide Gly-Arg-Gly Asp-Ser-Pro. The 140 kd protein was labeled by cell surface specific radioiodination and became incorporated into liposomes at a high efficiency. Liposomes containing this protein showed specific affinity toward fibronectin coated surfaces, and this binding could be selectively inhibited by the synthetic cell-attachment peptide but not by inactive peptides. Affinity chromatography on wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose showed that the 140 kd protein is a glycoprotein and, in combination with the fibronectin fragment chromatography, gave highly enriched preparations of the 140 kd protein. These properties suggest that the 140 kd glycoprotein is a membrane-embedded cell surface protein directly involved in the initial step of cell adhesion to fibronectin substrates. PMID- 3155653 TI - Attachment of terminal N-acetylglucosamine to asparagine-linked oligosaccharides occurs in central cisternae of the Golgi stack. AB - Using monoclonal antibodies and electron microscopy, we have localized N acetylglucosamine transferase I within the Golgi apparatus. This enzyme initiates the conversion of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides to the complex type. We have found that the enzyme is concentrated in the central (or medial) cisternae of the Golgi stack. Cisternae at the cis and trans ends of the Golgi complex appear to lack this protein. These experiments establish a function for the medial portion of the Golgi and imply that the Golgi is partitioned into at least three biochemically and morphologically distinct cisternal compartments. PMID- 3155654 TI - Induction of IgA-specific suppressor activity in human T-lymphocyte cultures. AB - Cell-free supernatants of human circulating T-lymphocyte cultures incubated with secretory IgA (S-IgA) specifically suppressed both spontaneous IgA synthesis by B lymphocytes isolated from allergic individuals and pokeweek mitogen-induced IgA secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cell-free supernatants of T-cell cultures incubated with IgE had no effect on IgA, IgG, or IgM synthesis. Hence, it is concluded that upon incubation with S-IgA, but not with another Ig class, T lymphocytes release IgA-specific suppressor factors. PMID- 3155655 TI - Preliminary characterization of a soluble immunosuppressive molecule from DBA/2 spleen cells using monoclonal antibody immunoadsorbence. AB - In a previous publication a monoclonal antibody (B16G) which appeared to recognize T suppressor cells and a T-suppressor factor (TsF) in the spleens of DBA/2 mice was described. B16G appears to be directed to a public specificity of DBA/2 TsF and therefore has been shown to inhibit a variety of immunological reactions. The present study involves preliminary characterization of the material with which B16G reacts. It was found that the B16G-reactive protein (putative TsF) could be absorbed and eluted specifically from a B16G immunoadsorbent column. Material eluting from the B16G column reacted with B16G in an ELISA and appeared to run as two or more bands of 40-45 kDa in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The eluted material was biologically active (i.e., suppressive) in the standard assay (mixed leukocyte reaction of DBA/2 splenocytes with B10.BR targets), and its suppressive activity was abrogated by the addition of B16G to the mixed leukocyte reaction cultures. Sephadex G-150 chromatography of the B16G-reactive material showed that under these conditions, its native molecular mass was between 80-90 kDa, indicating that it might occur as a dimer under natural conditions. PMID- 3155656 TI - Effects of thromboxane A2 on lymphocyte proliferation. AB - The main cyclooxygenase-dependent arachidonic acid derivatives produced by monocytes and macrophages have been shown to be thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin E2. The immunomodulatory effects of thromboxane A2 were examined using a specific thromboxane synthase inhibitor (dazoxiben), a thromboxane A2 analog (U46619), and a thromboxane A2 receptor blocker (BM13.177). Dazoxiben inhibited lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogens (PHA and OKT3), but also reoriented cyclic endoperoxide metabolism towards the production of prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandin E2 has been shown previously to inhibit mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation. U46619, a stable thromboxane A2 analog, slightly enhanced lymphocyte responses to mitogens in the presence of dazoxiben and in the presence of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin). This occurred at concentrations of U46619 which are probably supraphysiological in view of the short half-life of natural thromboxane A2. Finally, the thromboxane A2 receptor blocker BM13.177 did not have any effect on mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation. It is concluded that thromboxane A2 has no or minimal modulatory effects on lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens and that the effect of thromboxane A2 synthase inhibition is rather due to reorientation of cyclic endoperoxide metabolism, resulting in increased prostaglandin E2 production. PMID- 3155657 TI - Direct in vitro inactivation of murine alloreactive cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte precursors by syngeneic nonspecific cytotoxic-T-cell populations. AB - Nonspecific cytotoxic T-cell populations, derived from murine fetal calf serum (FCS)-precultured cells expanded in interleukin 2 (IL-2)-containing supernatant (operationally defined as FCS-CM-expanded cells), were investigated for their inactivating properties on syngeneic lymphoid cell populations containing alloreactive cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P). CTL-P were detected and quantitated in a limiting dilution mixed leukocyte microculture (micro-MLC) system supplemented with IL-2. The data show a dramatic decrease in relevant CTL P frequency in populations of fresh or Day 2 in vitro-alloactivated peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) after coculturing them for 24 hr with syngeneic mitomycin C-treated populations of FCS-CM-expanded cells. On the contrary, no decrease in CTL-P frequency was observed when Day 7, instead of fresh or Day 2, in vitro alloactivated PBL were used as responding cells. Throughout these experiments, it was clearly shown that a decrease or an absence of CTL response in the micro-MLC was neither due to a lack of IL-2 nor to a premature destruction of the stimulating cells by the inhibiting FCS-CM-expanded cells still present in the culture. FCS-CM-expanded cells can destroy (in a 3-hr 51Cr-release assay) Day 2 alloreactive PBL populations, and this raises the possibility that the direct inactivation of CTL-P by FCS-CM-expanded cells could result from their cytolytic activities. PMID- 3155658 TI - Differential influence of 2'-deoxyguanosine on the induction and expression of suppressor T lymphocytes in vivo. AB - Subcutaneous (sc) immunization of mice with allogeneic spleen cells can induce delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to histocompatibility antigens. Intravenous immunization with irradiated allogeneic spleen cells, on the other hand, induces suppressor T (Ts) lymphocytes. These Ts cells are capable of suppressing the host versus-graft (HvG) DTH reactivity which normally arises after sc immunization. Moreover they can suppress the development of antihost DTH effector T cells during graft-versus-host (GvH) reactions. These models for HvG and GvH DTH reactivity were used to study the influence of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dGuo) on the induction, further development, and expression of Ts cells in vivo. It was found that administration of dGuo inhibits the proliferation-dependent induction and further development of Ts cells, but not the suppression mediated by already activated Ts cells. PMID- 3155660 TI - Antigenic phenotype of TdT-positive cells in human peripheral blood. AB - Double immunofluorescence studies for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and leucocyte surface membrane antigens have been used to characterize the small subpopulation of TdT-positive cells in human peripheral blood. The predominant antigens demonstrated were those coded for by the major histocompatibility complex, namely HLA-A,B and Ia-like antigens. A small proportion of TdT+ cells expressed antigens restricted to B lymphocytes and their precursors (BA-1+ CALLA+). In contrast, antigens associated with T-lymphocyte differentiation were not detected using a panel of T-cell-specific monoclonal antibodies. These results preclude the possibility that circulating TdT+ cells are immature cortical thymocytes that have "leaked" into the bloodstream. Although bone marrow derived prothymocytes, which have not yet acquired T-cell lineage markers, may be included amongst this subset, the expression of B-cell related antigens by some TdT+ cells indicates the likely existence of lineage heterogeneity amongst this population of lymphoid cells. The relevance of these findings to the monitoring of human acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is discussed. PMID- 3155661 TI - [Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of antigen structure of Toxoplasma gondii]. PMID- 3155662 TI - [Pasteurization of human milk in a hygienic regimen in a health care facility]. PMID- 3155659 TI - Activated B lymphocytes: stimulators of an augmented autologous mixed leukocyte reaction. AB - The characteristics of the non-T cell(s) which stimulate T-lymphocyte proliferation in the autologous mixed leukocyte reaction (AMLR) have been at issue since this in vitro reaction was first described. Dendritic cells have been shown to be the most potent stimulator cells, but B cells, null cells, and macrophages have also been demonstrated to have the capacity to stimulate autologous T-cell proliferation. A cell preparation obtained from human peripheral blood was highly enriched for surface immunoglobulin-positive B cells. These cells were activated by brief culture with various B-cell mitogens and then compared to untreated B cells with regard to stimulatory activity in the AMLR. Mitogen-activated B cells were markedly augmented in their capacity to stimulate autologous T-cell proliferation when compared with untreated B cells. Fractionation of the B-cell preparation into high- and low-density subpopulations demonstrated that the high-density cells, enriched in resting B cells, had minimal stimulatory activity but could be activated to have increased AMLR stimulatory capacity. Proliferation of the activated B lymphocytes was not required for the generation of the augmented AMLR. Response to both untreated and mitogen-activated B cells was a property of T4-positive T lymphocytes. The increase in stimulatory capacity was associated with a decrease in cell surface immunoglobulin, but no significant alteration in the percentage or fluorescence intensity of anti-Ia staining cells was detected. Activated B cells which are generated in vivo may acquire the capacity to generate T effector cells or factors important in the regulation of B-cell function. PMID- 3155664 TI - [Use of a culture medium containing bile, chrysoidine and glycerol in bacteriological diagnosis]. PMID- 3155663 TI - [Treatment of chronic interstitial nephritis with autovaccines]. PMID- 3155665 TI - [A new serotype of Shigella flexneri in Czechoslovakia?]. PMID- 3155666 TI - [Isolation of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni from feces and transport media during a diarrhea epidemic]. PMID- 3155667 TI - [Use of chlorine disinfecting preparations combined with detergents]. PMID- 3155668 TI - [Antiglobulins in the serum of persons with acute viral infections and their removal by immunoabsorption]. PMID- 3155669 TI - Back injuries in gymnastics. AB - The complaint of low back pain in the adolescent must never be taken lightly. A high index of suspicion should be particularly entertained in a child participating in gymnastic training or competition. As noted in this article, steps can now be taken, particularly if a specific diagnosis is made early, to institute specific treatment with a high likelihood of success. Young gymnasts complaining of back pain must never be passed off as having sustained a back strain or "muscle spasms" and treated symptomatically. Persistent back pain beyond two weeks warrants, in our opinion, a complete evaluation, careful history and physical examination, a four-view radiographic assessment of the spine, and, if necessary, bone scans or other more advanced techniques to make a specific diagnosis of the cause of the pain. PMID- 3155670 TI - The rat liver foci bioassay: I. Age-dependence of induction by vinyl chloride of ATPase-deficient foci. AB - The age-dependence of the induction of pre-neoplastic enzyme-altered hepatic foci was investigated. Rats were exposed (8 h/day, 7 days/week) to 2000 p.p.m. vinyl chloride (VC) either 'transplacentally' (exposure of pregnant females), or immediately after birth for different time intervals (5, 11, 17, 47, 83 days) or from an age of 7 or 21 days onwards. The animals were then kept without further treatment; livers were evaluated for ATPase-deficient foci at the age of 4 months. 'Transplacental' exposure and exposure from day 1 through 5 caused no increase over controls in ATPase-deficient foci, probably due to the lack of hepatocellular proliferation and the low rate of VC metabolism at this developmental stage. However, foci area was steeply increased when newborn rats were exposed for 11 and 17 days; but this was not further enhanced by a 47- or 83 day exposure. Only a few ATPase-deficient foci occurred when exposure started 21 days after birth. Exposure of adult rats did not result in more ATPase-deficient foci than were seen in untreated controls; control values could not be increased by a preceding partial hepatectomy. The results indicate that the induction of pre-neoplastic hepatocellular lesions in rats by VC is restricted to a well defined period (approximately day 7-21) in the early lifetime of the animals. This period of highest sensitivity is characterized by the beginning of rapid liver growth. PMID- 3155671 TI - The rat liver foci bioassay: II. Investigations on the dose-dependent induction of ATPase-deficient foci by vinyl chloride at very low doses. AB - In order to study the dose-dependence of the genotoxic effect of vinyl chloride (VC) hepatocellular ATPase-deficient foci were evaluated after subchronic exposure of newborn rats. Wistar rats were exposed from day 1 after birth over 10 weeks to 10, 40, 70, 150, 500 and 2000 p.p.m. VC (8 h/day; 5 days/week). One week after cessation of exposure hepatic ATPase-deficient foci were quantitated. For a subsequent investigation lower dose range groups of female and male Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed (8 h/day; 5 days/week) to 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 p.p.m. VC. Exposure started at day 3 of life and lasted for 3 weeks. After cessation of exposure the animals were maintained for 10 weeks without further treatment until ATPase-deficient foci were quantitated. Both sets of experiments revealed a straight linear relationship between the dose of VC and the % foci area induced. Within the dose range investigated, no obvious threshold for the induction of pre-neoplastic foci by VC was observed. PMID- 3155672 TI - The economy of isometric force development, myosin isoenzyme pattern and myofibrillar ATPase activity in normal and hypothyroid rat myocardium. AB - Hypothyroidism was induced in Wistar-Kyoto rats by adding propylthiouracil to the drinking water (0.8 mg/ml). Initial heat, total activity-related heat, and resting heat rate were measured in left ventricular papillary muscle preparations of propylthiouracil-treated and control rats contracting isometrically at 12 beats/min (21 degrees C), using Hill type, planar vacuum-deposited bismuth and antimony thermopiles. In the propylthiouracil preparations, relative to control, time-to-peak tension increased from 288 +/- 27 (mean +/- SD) to 411 +/- 25 msec (P less than 0.001), dp/dtmax decreased from 38.3 +/- 9.5 to 20.4 +/- 3.5 g X mm 2/sec (P less than 0.001), and peak developed tension decreased from 6.11 +/- 1.75 to 4.64 +/- 0.89 g X mm-2 (P less than 0.05). In the propylthiouracil preparations, initial heat was significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced by 27 or 43% when normalized to peak twitch tension or tension-time integral, respectively. In experiments where the papillary muscles were tetanized, the slope of the linear function of total activity-related heat versus tension-time integral was decreased by 43% (P less than 0.001) in the propylthiouracil preparations, indicating an improved economy of isometric tension maintenance. The predominant myosin isoenzyme of the left ventricular wall, as well as the papillary muscle myocardium, was the V3 variety in the propylthiouracil animals, in contrast to V1 in the controls. Myofibrillar actomyosin calcium-magnesium stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activity was significantly (P less than 0.02) decreased from 55 +/- 18 (control) to 31 +/- 8 nmol inorganic phosphate ion/mg X min (propylthiouracil).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3155673 TI - Defective autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions in patients with renal insufficiency--evidence for cellular and serum factors. AB - The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) was studied in 10 patients who were azotemic from renal diseases not considered to be immunologically mediated. These patients were not on chronic dialysis. The AMLR was significantly depressed in patients with azotemia when compared to the AMLR in normals. When the AMLR was performed utilizing lymphocytes from normals, the proliferative response was markedly decreased if azotemic serum was substituted for normal serum. However, when the AMLR was performed utilizing lymphocytes from azotemic patients, the proliferative response did not significantly improve if normal serum was substituted for azotemic serum. In addition, the proliferative responses of T cells to concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were not significantly depressed in azotemic patients when compared to normal controls. These data suggest that the AMLR is abnormal in azotemic patients because of an intrinsic defect in the mononuclear cells, possibly in the stimulating non-T cells, and an inhibitory factor in the serum. PMID- 3155674 TI - Mechanical back pain in the athlete. AB - Effective management of mechanical back pain in the athlete requires an understanding of the significance of the nature and the location of the pain and which injuries are related to the age or sport of the athlete. Muscle strains and interspinous ligament sprains occur at any age and in all sports. However, the adolescent may have an iliac crest apophysitis rather than a muscle strain, and the gymnast or diver may have interspinous process bursitis or a stress fracture of the pars interarticularis rather than a ligament sprain. Similarly, the swimmer with upper thoracic pain, training in the butterfly stroke, may have Scheuermann's kyphosis, while the weight lifter with upper lumbar pain may have Scheuermann's changes in the lumbar spine. Athletes of all ages with persistent midline lumbar pain may have a disk injury or chronic instability because of a fracture of the vertebral body or posterior elements. If the physician performs the pertinent physical tests described and obtains the appropriate radiographic studies listed, correct diagnosis of the most common causes of mechanical back pain in the athlete will be assured. PMID- 3155675 TI - Kinetics of diazepam, midazolam, and lorazepam in cigarette smokers. AB - Ten otherwise healthy cigarette smokers (mean, 31 cigarettes per day), and ten nonsmoking control volunteers matched for age, weight, and sex received single intravenous doses of diazepam (5 to 10 mg), midazolam (5 mg), and lorazepam (2 mg) on three separate occasions. Kinetics of each benzodiazepine were determined from multiple serum concentrations measured after each dose. In non-smoking vs smoking subjects, there was no significant difference in mean clearance of diazepam (0.44 vs 0.47 ml/min/kg), midazolam (9.6 vs 7.1 ml/min/kg), or lorazepam (0.96 vs 1.08 ml/min/kg). Thus, differences in pharmacokinetics are unlikely to account for altered sensitivity to benzodiazepines that may occur in cigarette smokers. PMID- 3155676 TI - Ipratropium bromide. AB - Research clarifying the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has renewed interest in anticholinergic therapy of these disease processes. The investigational agent ipratropium bromide produces bronchodilation by competitive inhibition of cholinergic receptors on bronchial smooth muscle, antagonizing the action of acetylcholine. When administered via inhalation at therapeutic doses of 20-40 micrograms, ipratropium is somewhat less effective than beta-agonists in asthmatics. In the treatment of chronic bronchitis, however, ipratropium appears at least as effective as, and possibly superior to, the sympathomimetics. Combination therapy with beta-agonists or theophylline has resulted in enhanced effect over single-agent regimens. Due to the low serum concentrations achieved following inhalation, ipratropium has been well tolerated and is virtually free of significant adverse reactions. The primary role of ipratropium in therapy remains to be defined but appears to be as an alternative to beta-agonists in patients who fail to respond or who experience troublesome side effects. In addition, combination therapy may prove to be another important use of ipratropium in the management of COPD. PMID- 3155677 TI - Duovent--is logic enough? PMID- 3155678 TI - [Transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with chronic kidney failure]. AB - Six patients with chronic renal failure (two in the predialysis state; four chronically dialysed of whom two were after renal transplantation) were treated by transluminal coronary angioplasty for severe angina and ischaemic ECG changes. In 5 patients the successful dilatation of six stenoses resulted in good clinical and angiographic findings for a follow-up period of up to 3 years. One patient had to have an emergency bypass operation. If coronary revascularisation is indicated, transluminal coronary angioplasty is thus to be preferred to primary bypass operation in patients with chronic renal failure, because it is less invasive, relatively cheap and can be more easily repeated in case of recurrence or new stenoses. PMID- 3155679 TI - [Churg-Strauss syndrome]. PMID- 3155680 TI - The placenta remains functional following fetectomy in baboons. AB - The present study employed the dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) loading test to determine if the placenta in baboons remains functional following fetectomy. A bolus iv injection of 100 mg DHA was given to 4 baboons prior to and at various intervals following fetectomy at midgestation. Blood samples were withdrawn over a 4-h period following DHA and assayed for estradiol (E2). Placentas were maintained in situ following removal of the fetus. Serum E2 reached peak concentrations 30-60 min after injection of DHA prior to and after fetectomy. Although initial serum E2 concentrations were very low after fetectomy, the mean +/- SE net increase (delta) in peak serum E2 concentrations following the DHA bolus were similar before (3.92 +/- 0.71 ng/ml) and after (3.72 +/- 0.64 ng/ml) fetectomy. Based on the capacity for aromatization, therefore, the placenta remains equally competent and functional in baboons despite chronic absence of the fetus. PMID- 3155681 TI - Effect of the filamentous structure of myosin on the actomyosin ATPase activity. AB - The ATPase activities of acto-heavy meromyosin and of acto-myosin minifilaments have been compared under the same conditions at low ATP (0.1 mM) and at several KC1 concentrations. The activities, which are strongly salt-dependent in both systems, have been found to be similar at high ionic strength (about 0.16 M) but different at lower ionic strength (0.06-0.07 M). Under this last condition, the catalytic constants kcat and Km are lower for acto-myosin minifilaments than for acto-heavy meromyosin ATPase. In addition, at low ionic strength, any decrease in the concentration of any of the ionic species (ATP, citrate, etc.) induces an increase in the interaction strength between myosin and actin filaments, as revealed by the Km changes. The presence of the troponintropomyosin complex and of Ca2+ also enhances the strength of this interaction. On the other hand, the occurrence of particular interactions between F-actin and myosin minifilaments is further substantiated by the phenomenon of superprecipitation which occurs when the ATP concentration decreases. The favourable effect of the organized structure of the myosin minifilaments on the ATPase activity of actomyosin is discussed. PMID- 3155682 TI - A pantothenate derivative is covalently bound to mitochondrial proteins in Neurospora crassa. AB - The presence of protein-bound pantothenate in Neurospora crassa was investigated by labelling a pantothenate auxotroph (pan-2) with [14C]pantothenate and examining mycelial homogenates on dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels. Five peaks of radioactivity were found, with apparent molecular masses of 200, 140, 22, 19, and 9 kDa. The 200-kDa peak was identified as fatty acid synthetase, based on its absence in a fatty acid synthetase mutant. The 22-kDa and 19-kDa peaks co purified with mitochondrial markers on sucrose gradients. When purified mitochondria were fractionated, the 19-kDa protein was associated with the inner membrane and the 22-kDa protein was enriched in the soluble mitochondrial fraction. The label was quantitatively recovered from the mitochondrial proteins as 4'-phosphopantetheine after mild alkaline hydrolysis. Although the function of this post-translational modification of mitochondrial proteins is not known, several possibilities are discussed: the 4'-phosphopantetheine may act as a carrier group in an enzymatic reaction, or it may perform a regulatory function as part of an enzyme complex. PMID- 3155683 TI - Lipid requirement of the vanadate effect on the binding of calcium and ATP to the calcium transport ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Lipid deprivation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-transport ATPase neither affects the enzyme's affinity for ATP nor that of calcium. In contrast, vanadate binding is almost completely abolished. Lipid substitution by oleic acid which at a ratio of 0.3 mg/mg protein completely reactivates the calcium-dependent ATP hydrolysis restores vanadate binding. Concomitantly the mutual interactions between vanadate and calcium or ATP and ADP, respectively are restored. The vanadate-induced disappearance of the enzyme's ATP binding sites as well as its high-affinity binding sites for calcium follow the same time course. Conversely, the displacement of vanadate by calcium proceeds in parallel with the recovery of ADP binding. In lipid-restituted preparations as well as in native membranes vanadate induces the disappearance of external high-affinity and simultaneously the appearance of internal low-affinity calcium binding sites. PMID- 3155685 TI - Evaluation of accessory cell heterogeneity. I. Differential accessory cell requirement for T helper cell activation and for T-B cooperation. AB - Several Ia+ tumor cell lines and peritoneal exudate macrophages were tested as accessory cells (AC) for the activation of antigen-specific T cells and for T-B cooperation. The macrophages and all the Ia+ tumor lines tested induced the release of lymphokines from T cells in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted fashion and reconstituted the antibody responses of AC-depleted spleen cells or of purified T and B cells. However, only the normal macrophages but none of the tumor lines induced carrier-specific T helper (Th) cells which help B cells for specific antihapten antibody responses by linked recognition. For T-B cooperation accessory cells were also required, but in contrast to Th cell activation any type of Ia+ AC (e.g. macrophage or tumor line) was effective. Strong MHC-restriction between the lymphocytes and the AC was seen if antigen pulsed AC were added into the AC-depleted T-B cooperation cultures. If the AC and antigen were concomitantly added to the AC-depleted T-B cultures, MHC-restriction was less obvious. Concanavalin A supernatant reconstituted the response of AC depleted T-B cultures provided antigen-specific Th cells and the hapten-carrier conjugate were present. If, however, tumor line-activated T cells were added instead of macrophage-induced Th cells, no cooperation with B cells took place even in the presence of Con A supernatant. The results obtained demonstrate a differential AC requirement for the induction of Th cells depending on the differentiation stage of the Th cells. PMID- 3155684 TI - Further characterization of the structural and functional properties of the cross linked complex between F-actin and myosin S-1. AB - Several structural and functional properties of the covalent complex, formed upon cross-linking of the myosin heads (S-1) to F-actin with 1-ethyl-3-(3 dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, were characterized. The elevated Mg2+-ATPase activity was measured during a 1-month storage of the complex under various conditions. In aqueous medium it showed a rapid time-dependent decrease but it was significantly more stable in the presence of 50% ethylene glycol at -20 degrees C. The ATPase loss most likely reflects a progressive conformational change within the S-1 ATPase site resulting from its greater exposure to the medium, induced by the permanently bound F-actin. The covalent acto-S1 complex was submitted to depolymerization-repolymerization experiments using different depolymerizing agents (0.6 M KI; 4.7 M NH4Cl; low-ionic-strength solution). The depolymerization led to an immediate loss of the enhanced Mg2+-ATPase activity; this activity was almost entirely recovered upon repolymerization of the complex. The protein material formed upon depolymerization of the covalent acto-S1 was analyzed by gel chromatography, gel electrophoresis, analytical ultracentrifugation and electron microscopy. It comprised mainly small-sized actin oligomers associated with the covalently bound S-1 and only a limited amount of free G-actin. The results illustrate the relationships between the filamentous state of actin and its ability to stimulate the Mg2+-ATPase activity of S-1. They also indicate that the binding of S-1 to F-actin is transmitted to several neighbouring actin subunits and strengthens the interactions between actin monomers. Acto-S1 cross-linked complexes were prepared in the presence of tropomyosin and the tropomyosin-troponin system. Under the conditions employed, the regulatory proteins were not cross-linked to actin or S-1 and did not affect the extent or the pattern of S-1 cross-linking to F-actin. Measurements of the elevated Mg2+-ATPase activity of the cross-linked preparations revealed that tropomyosin and the tropomyosin-troponin complex, in the absence of Ca2+, inhibit ATP hydrolysis; the extent of ATPase inhibition (up to 50%) was dependent on the amount of covalently bound S-1, being larger at low level of S-1 cross-linking; the addition of Ca2+ restored the ATPase activity to the control value. The data provide direct evidence that the regulatory proteins can modulate directly the kinetics of ATP hydrolysis by the covalent acto-S1 complex as has earlier been suggested for the reversible complex [Chalovich, J. M. and Eisenberg, E. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 2432-2437].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3155686 TI - Rat natural killer cell and cytotoxic T cell lysis of H-2-negative murine embryonal carcinoma cells. AB - H-2-lacking murine embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells have been proposed as universal targets for natural killer (NK) effectors from different species because their killing appeared to be uncomplicated by potential T cell effector mechanisms (Stern, P. L. et al., Int. J. Cancer 1981. 27:679). While some previous studies had shown that murine cytotoxic T cells were unable to lyse EC cells, rat T killers are shown here to be active against these targets and to be distinguishable from NK cells. Percoll density fractionation of rat peripheral blood lymphocytes enriches in parallel for NK-mediated lysis of both EC or YAC target cells. These NK cells unlike T cells, do not mediate lectin-dependent and cell-mediated cytotoxicity (LDCC) of NK-insensitive target cells. This procedure is thought to reveal the total cytolytic potential of stimulated T cell populations, regardless of specificity. In contrast to previous results with mice, we found that allogeneically primed rat cytotoxic T cells can kill murine EC cells in LDCC and, further, that rat cytotoxic T cells, generated by stimulation with mouse spleen cells in vitro, can lyse murine EC cells directly. This demonstration of T cell lysis of EC cells suggests that either there is a novel mechanism of lysis operating without requirement for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) structures, or EC cells express some hitherto unidentified MHC-like structures on their cell surface. PMID- 3155687 TI - Enhancement of human B cell proliferation by an antibody to the C3d receptor, the gp 140 molecule. AB - The C3d receptor is a specific marker of B lymphocytes. Recently we have shown that C3d receptor activity is carried by a gp 140 membrane antigen. A polyclonal antibody has been prepared by immunizing a rabbit with highly purified gp 140 molecule isolated from membranes of the human B lymphoblastoid cell line Raji and its high specificity was previously demonstrated. We tested the effect of this antibody to the C3d receptor on the B cell proliferative response. Purified B cells from human blood were induced to proliferate by a B cell growth factor (BCGF)-containing partially purified supernatant from activated T cells. The anti C3d receptor F(ab')2 enhanced the BCGF-dependent B cell proliferation. This effect was dose dependent, was observed in the presence of different concentrations of BCGF and did not correspond to a change in the time course of the response. The anti-C3d receptor F(ab')2 had no mitogenic effect in the absence of T cell supernatant. In contrast the undigested anti-C3d receptor IgG suppressed the BCGF-dependent B cell proliferation. These results emphasize the potentialities of anti-gp 140 F(ab')2 to explore the involvement of the C3d receptor in the regulation of B cell response to T cell products. PMID- 3155688 TI - Capacity of small B cell-enriched populations to stimulate mixed lymphocyte reactions: marked differences between irradiated vs. mitomycin C-treated stimulators. AB - To investigate whether small B cells can stimulate mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR), highly purified populations of large vs. small B cell fractions were tested for their capacity to evoke MLR across Mls vs. H-2 barriers. Large B cell fractions stimulated high MLR to Mls and H-2 determinants, irrespective of whether the stimulators were exposed to irradiation or pretreated with mitomycin C. In accord with the findings of others, irradiated small B cell fractions proved to be very poor stimulators of MLR. Significantly, however, mitomycin C treated small B cell fractions elicited high MLR, particularly to Mls determinants. The finding that small B cell fractions treated with irradiation are poor stimulators of T cells correlates with the known radiosensitivity of B cells. In this respect, the widely held view that small B cells do not have antigen-presenting cell (APC) function rests largely on studies with irradiated B cells. The present finding that T cells respond well to small B cells treated with mitomycin C, however, indicates that small B cell fractions do have APC function. Whether the APC function of small B cells reflects a response to resting B cells per se rather than to cells undergoing activation in vitro, however, remains to be ascertained. PMID- 3155689 TI - Suppression of polyclonal B cell activation by IgG-binding factors. Requirement for T cells. AB - IgG-binding factors (IgG-BF) prepared from cell-free supernatant of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells interfere with the polyclonal activation of peripheral B cells by decreasing the numbers of IgG-containing cells and Ig plaque-forming cells. Using Nocardia opaca delipidated cell mitogen (NDCM), a T helper cell-independent polyclonal B cell activator, it was found that the suppressive effect of IgG-BF was no longer demonstrable after removal of T cells. In pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures, the suppression by IgG-BF required the presence of radiosensitive T cells. Selective depletion of OKT4+ or OKT8+ subsets in NDCM-stimulated cultures showed that IgG-BF required the presence of OKT4+ lymphocytes to induce suppression. It is concluded that the effect of human IgG BF was mediated by one or several subsets of T cells. PMID- 3155690 TI - Ca2+ capacity and uptake rate in skinned fibers of myodystrophic muscle. AB - Parameters related to the capacity and the rate of uptake of calcium ions by the sarcoplasmic reticulum were measured in skinned extensor digitorum longus fibers of control and myodystrophic mice. Single fibers were isolated and skinned in a relaxing solution and mounted on a force transducer and apparatus for changing the bathing solution (T = 25 degrees C). To test the capacity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, fibers were placed in a solution for maximal loading and then moved to a test solution in which the major anion in the relaxing solution, gluconate, was replaced by chloride. In the resulting contractures, the means of the forces produced by 10 control and myodystrophic fibers were not significantly different. The conclusion is that the capacities of sarcoplasmic reticulum for calcium in control and myodystrophic fibers are equivalent. To test the rate of loading of sarcoplasmic reticulum, 11 control and myodystrophic fibers were depleted of calcium with caffeine and EGTA. Then they were placed in a solution with pCa = 5.5, and the delay before a contracture began was recorded. The delay was the time required for the sarcoplasmic reticulum to load calcium and attain a threshold for calcium-induced calcium release. The mean delay for the control fibers was significantly less than the mean delay in myodystrophic for the control fibers was significantly less than the mean delay in myodystrophic fibers. The disparity of loading times probably reflected a difference in the activities of the calcium pumps or a difference in the number of pump sites; 5 microM valinomycin did not significantly alter the loading times of either type or fiber. PMID- 3155691 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: regulation of mitogenic responses during infection in genetically resistant and susceptible inbred mouse strains. AB - The outcome of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in inbred strains of mice is under genetic control. The lymphocyte responses to T-cell mitogens and their regulation were investigated in strains of mice resistant or susceptible to T. cruzi. Six to eight days after the inoculation of T. cruzi, resistant and susceptible mice had depressed responses to T-cell mitogens. In resistant B6 mice, suppression was maximal 18 days after infection and it persisted for at least 320 days. The duration of immunosuppression correlated with the persistence of a subpatent parasitemia. In cell mixing experiments, it was determined that the concanavalin A (Con A) responses in the resistant B6 and B6C3F1 mouse strains were suppressed by highly active T-suppressor cells. In the susceptible C3H mice, intense suppression of the Con A responses was detected 14 days after inoculation of T. cruzi. Nevertheless, only weak suppressor cell activity was detected in the infected C3H mice, and suppression was not abrogated by passage through a nylon wool column nor by treatment with antitheta antibodies and complement. Thus, it was suggested that, during the course of infection with T. cruzi, splenic T cells from C3H mice acquired a block in the metabolic pathway for cellular activation by Con A. The influences of T. cruzi epimastigotes on the Con A responses of spleen cells from uninfected mice were then studied. The Con A responses of spleen cells from C3H mice were depressed in the presence of epimastigotes, whereas they were either unaffected or enhanced in spleen cells from B6 mice. Hence, the immunoregulatory events provoked by T. cruzi infection differed in genetically resistant and susceptible mice, and lymphocytes from C3H mice were predisposed to a parasite-induced block in the responses to Con A. Thus, the gene(s) determining the outcome of infection with T. cruzi may be phenotypically expressed through an influence on immunoregulatory events. PMID- 3155692 TI - Direct observation of the NAD glycohydrolase reaction in human erythrocytes using NMR spectroscopy. AB - The hydrolysis of NAD by the extracellular membrane-associated enzyme NAD glycohydrolase was shown to be readily followed in concentrated suspensions of human erythrocytes using 1H spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The maximal rate of the reaction was determined and the inhibitory effect of nicotinamide was confirmed by direct NMR observation. In addition, arginine, ergothioneine and iodoacetate did not influence the reaction rate. 31P NMR analyses of reaction media from whole cells showed that no extraneous degradation of NAD occurred and the only phosphate-containing product was ADP-ribose. PMID- 3155693 TI - Drosophila melanogaster aldehyde dehydrogenase. AB - Subcellular fractionation by differential centrifugation confirms the presence of aldehyde dehydrogenase in D. melanogaster. It is found principally in the heavy mitochondrial fraction. PMID- 3155694 TI - Beta-endorphin in normozoospermic and pathologic human semen. AB - beta-Endorphin was estimated in normozoospermic, oligozoospermic and azoospermic human semen. The mean amount in normozoospermic specimens was 278.6 +/- 43.6 (SE) pg/ml while in the others only 191.1 +/- 25 pg/ml. Both values are significantly higher than those present in the blood. PMID- 3155695 TI - Synexin binds in a calcium-dependent fashion to oriented chromaffin cell plasma membranes. AB - Oriented plasma membrane fragments from chromaffin cells, isolated on polylysine coated polyacrylamide beads, bind synexin in a calcium dependent manner. Synexin binding was also detected on beads coated with chromaffin granule membranes, but not to beads coated with erythrocyte membranes or to uncoated beads. Synexin binding to plasma membrane coated beads showed a specific requirement for calcium (K1 2 = 200 microM) and was insensitive to other divalent cations such as magnesium, strontium and barium. Synexin binding to either plasma membrane or granule membrane coated beads was saturable, was partially reversible by EGTA and was directly observed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 3155696 TI - Electrophysiological actions of corticotropin-releasing factor in the central nervous system. AB - A review of recent studies of the effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on the electrical activity of central neurons indicates that CRF has predominantly excitatory actions in locus ceruleus, hippocampus, cortex, and some regions of hypothalamus. These brain areas are reported to contain immunoreactive CRF. Intracellular recordings in the hippocampal slice preparation demonstrate that the excitation in this preparation may arise from reduction of the afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs) following bursts of spikes. The postburst AHPs probably are produced by a Ca2+-dependent K+ conductance. Inasmuch as "Ca2+ spikes" recorded in the presence of tetrodotoxin are not diminished by CRF, this peptide appears to be acting either at the level of the Ca2+-dependent K+ conductance itself, or at the linkage between this conductance and Ca2+ influx or Ca2+ recognition sites. These excitatory effects are consistent with electroencephalographic recordings in awake animals, where intracerebroventricular CRF activates cortical and limbic areas and, at higher doses, evokes epileptiform activity in amygdala and hippocampus. However, predominantly inhibitory actions of CRF have been seen with extracellular single unit recordings in a few central nervous system (CNS) areas such as lateral septum, thalamus, and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. These findings, combined with those from immunohistochemical, biochemical, and behavioral studies, suggest 1) a possible neuromessenger role for CRF in extrahypothalamic regions and 2) a possible concerted function by CRF-containing elements in the CNS in an integrated behavioral response to stress. PMID- 3155698 TI - Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and the use of clomiphene citrate in anovulatory women. AB - Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) is frequently elevated in anovulatory women. This study was carried out to determine whether the ovulatory response with clomiphene citrate (CC) in patients with elevated levels of serum DHEA-S is influenced by the pretreatment level. Also evaluated was whether this response rate was similar to or different from that of anovulatory patients who had normal levels of DHEA-S. CC was administered to 40 anovulatory patients who had elevated levels of DHEA-S. Rankit analysis of these 40 elevated DHEA-S levels indicated that two populations existed. These patients were, therefore, divided into two groups of 29 and 11 with DHEA-S levels of less than 5 and greater than 5 micrograms/ml, respectively. Fifty-nine anovulatory patients with normal DHEA-S levels were also treated with CC. Patients with elevated and normal DHEA-S levels had similar rates of ovulation with CC (75% and 78%). Among patients with elevated levels of DHEA-S, ovulation occurred in 55% of patients with levels greater than 5 micrograms/ml and 83% with levels less than 5 micrograms/ml. The dose of CC at which ovulation occurred was unrelated to the level of DHEA-S. Pregnancies occurred in 15 of the 40 patients after at least four ovulatory cycles and were not influenced by the level of DHEA-S. It is concluded that CC is effective in inducing ovulation in patients with elevated levels of adrenal androgens. However, in patients with DHEA-S levels greater than 5 micrograms/ml, the ovulatory response rate may be decreased. PMID- 3155697 TI - Role of heparin and heparinlike molecules in thrombosis and atherosclerosis. AB - Antithrombin is a protease inhibitor that neutralizes the activity of the serine proteases of the coagulation cascade, such as factors IXa, Xa, XIa, XIIa, and thrombin by forming a 1:1 stoichiometric complex between enzyme and inhibitor via a reactive site (arginine)-active center (serine interaction). Heparin binds to lysyl residues on antithrombin and accelerates the rate of complex formation. Studies of the binding parameters and kinetic characteristics of the heparin antithrombin-hemostatic enzyme interactions have revealed that binding of heparin to antithrombin is responsible for a approximately 1000-fold acceleration of the thrombin-antithrombin or factor IXa-antithrombin and factor Xa-antithrombin interactions (allosteric effect). The reactions between free thrombin or free factor IXa and heparin provide an additional 4- to 15-fold enhancement in the rate of these processes (approximation effect) and account for 1-2% of the total rate of enhancement. It has been shown that commercial heparin is composed of anticoagulantly active and anticoagulantly inactive species. The anticoagulantly active mucopolysaccharide contains a unique antithrombin-binding site. Anticoagulantly inactive heparin does not possess this structure and does not bind to the protease inhibitor. Anticoagulantly active heparin also contains a critical region required for the acceleration of the various enzyme-inhibitor interactions. The two different domains of the heparin molecule interact with separate areas of antithrombin and induce distinct conformational transitions within the protease inhibitor. Anticoagulantly active heparinlike molecules (most likely a heparan sulfate with an appropriate sequence for anticoagulant activity) are found on the luminal surface of the endothelium. This heparinlike substance appears to alter the conformation of antithrombin in a manner virtually identical to that of commercial heparin. Both anticoagulantly active heparin and inactive heparin are able to suppress smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and can reverse the effects of mitogenic factors such as platelet-derived growth factor. Furthermore, it has been shown that bovine aortic endothelial cells produce heparinlike molecules with growth inhibitory potency. PMID- 3155699 TI - Beta-endorphinlike immunoreactivity and somatostatinlike immunoreactivity in normal gastric mucosa, muscle layer, and adenocarcinoma. AB - beta-Endorphinlike immunoreactivity and somatostatinlike immunoreactivity were detected in the mucosa and muscle layer of normal gastric antrum and corpus and in moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma derived from the antral mucosa. The concentration of beta-endorphinlike immunoreactivity in the normal gastric tissues was 4-15 pmol/g wet wt tissue; this value varied from 9.64 to 241.39 pmol/g wet wt tissue (81.38 +/- 37.82 pmol/g wet wt tissue) in adenocarcinomas. The concentration of somatostatinlike immunoreactivity was 18-25 pmol/g wet wt tissue in normal gastric mucosa, whereas it was 1-2 pmol/g wet wt tissue in adenocarcinomas. Gel exclusion chromatography of beta-endorphinlike immunoreactivity revealed two peaks corresponding to beta-endorphin and beta lipotropin. In normal mucosa and in the whole layer of antrum, the major peak was eluted near the position of beta-lipotropin, and the minor broad peak was eluted near the position of beta-endorphin. In contrast, in adenocarcinoma, beta endorphinlike immunoreactivity was eluted broadly at the position of beta endorphin and the other smaller peak was at the position of beta-lipotropin. Gel exculsion chromatography of somatostatinlike immunoreactivity also showed different patterns between antral mucosa and adenocarcinoma. This study revealed the presence of the opioid peptide, beta-endorphinlike immunoreactivity, not only in normal gastric tissue but also in adenocarcinomas with highly increased concentration and different elution patterns in combination with decreased concentration of somatostatinlike immunoreactivity. PMID- 3155700 TI - Adaptation at specific loci. IV. Differential mating success among glycolytic allozyme genotypes of Colias butterflies. AB - Male mating success as a function of genotype is an important fitness component. It can be studied in wild populations, in species for which a given group of progeny has exactly one father, by determining genotypes of wildcaught mothers and of sufficient numbers of their progeny. Here, we study male mating success as a function of allozyme genotype at two glycolytic loci in Colias butterflies, in which sperm precedence is complete, so that the most recent male to mate fathers all of a female's subsequent progeny.--For the phosphoglucose isomerase, PGI, polymorphism, we predict mating advantage and disadvantage of male genotypes based on evaluation of their biochemical functional differences in the context of thermal-physiological-ecological constraints on the insects' flight activity. As predicted, we find major, significant advantage in mating success for kinetically favored genotypes, compared to the genotype distribution of males active with the sampled females in the wild. These effects are repeatable among samples and on different semispecies' genetic backgrounds.--Initial study of the phosphoglucomutase, PGM, polymorphism in the same samples reveals heterozygote advantage in male-mating success, compared to males active with the females sampled. This contrasts with a lack of correspondence between PGI and PGM genotypes in other fitness index or component differences.--Epistatic interactions in mating success between the two loci are absent.--There is no evidence for segregation distortion associated with the alleles of either primary locus studied, nor is there significant assortative mating.--These results extend our understanding of the specific variation studied and suggest that even loci closely related in function may have distinctive experience of evolutionary forces. Implications of the specificity of the effects seen are briefly discussed. PMID- 3155701 TI - Circadian rhythms in Neurospora crassa: interactions between clock mutations. AB - Mutations at four loci in Neurospora crassa that alter the period of the circadian rhythm have been used to construct a series of double mutant strains in order to detect interactions between these mutations. Strains carrying mutations at three of these loci have altered periods on minimal media: prd-1, several alleles at the olir (oligomycin resistance) locus and four alleles at the frq locus. A mutation at the fourth locus, cel, which results in a defect in fatty acid synthesis, also leads to lengthening of the period when the medium is supplemented with linoleic acid (18:2). The cel mutation was crossed into strains carrying the frq, prd-1 and olir mutations, and the periods of the double mutant strains with and without 18:2 supplementation were determined. In addition, data from the literature for other combinations of loci and/or chemical effects on the period have been reanalyzed.--It was found that both prd-1 and olir are epistatic to the effects of 18:2 on cel; in the series of cel frq double mutant strains, the period-lengthening effect of 18:2 is inversely proportional to the period of the frq parent, indicating an interaction between frq and cel; period effects reported in the literature can be described as changes by a fixed ratio or percentage of the period rather than by a fixed number of hours, and the data, therefore, can support a multiplicative as well as an additive model.--Several biochemical interpretations of these interactions are discussed, based on simple chemical kinetics, enzyme inhibition kinetics and the control of flux through metabolic pathways. PMID- 3155702 TI - Effects of high dose progestin on serum lipids and lipid metabolizing enzymes in patients with endometrial cancer. AB - The effect of high dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on serum lipids, on adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and serum lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase activities were studied in 15 postmenopausal patients with endometrial cancer. After 2 weeks of MPA treatment total cholesterol decreased by 14% (P less than 0.001) and HDL cholesterol by 33% (P less than 0.01) from the respective pretreatment values; correspondingly the ratio of HDL to total cholesterol decreased (P less than 0.05). The decrease of HDL2 cholesterol was 35% (P less than 0.01) and that of HDL3 cholesterol 15% (P less than 0.01). The levels of serum triglycerides decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) during the treatment period. Serum LCAT activity was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) after treatment than before, but adipose tissue LPL activity was not altered. The mean serum testosterone level decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) from the pretreatment values. Significant positive correlations were present between LPL activity and MPA concentrations and between LPL activity and testosterone concentrations after the drug treatment. PMID- 3155703 TI - Immunoregulation by mouse T-cell clones. II. The same H-Y-specific T helper clone can provide help for the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes and antibody secreting cells. AB - Mouse H-Y-specific and I-Ab restricted T-cell clones have been established and compared for their helper effects in the differentiation of both T and B lymphocytes. The results demonstrate that three individual T-cell clones and one subclone could help in the antigen-driven induction of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) from their precursor cells (CTL-P), and were able to activate B cells to develop into antibody-secreting cells (PFC) in the presence of SRBC, provided the cloned T cells were restimulated by H-Y antigen on antigen-presenting cells. In addition, antigen or lectin could induce the same H-Y-specific T-cell clones to secrete factor(s) expressing helper activities similar to that of the cloned T cells. Furthermore, it is shown that the T cell-derived soluble mediator(s) was distinct from T-cell growth factor (TCGF) and from immune interferon (IFN-gamma). The data reveal a new type of T cell with helper potential for the activation of CTL-P and B lymphocytes, and suggest the existence of distinct T helper cells which can provide help for both cytotoxic and antibody responses by virtue of different lymphokine activities. PMID- 3155704 TI - Non-specific regulatory mechanism of contact sensitivity: induction of macrophage like suppressor cells and their factors with hapten-conjugated lymphoid cells. AB - The mechanisms of non-specific unresponsiveness to contact sensitivity (CS) induced with intravenous (i.v.) administration of oxazolone (Ox)-conjugated syngeneic spleen cells was investigated. Non-specific suppressor cells were found in spleen cells of mice which had been injected i.v. with Ox-conjugated cells 7 days before. These non-specific suppressor cells blocked the efferent stage of CS profoundly, i.e. inhibited the activity of effector cells for picryl chloride (PCl). Since these suppressor cells were plastic-adherent and resistant to treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 antibody and complement, they were considered to be macrophage-like. These suppressor cells released non-specific suppressor factor(s) (NSF) during culture for 1 hr without any antigenic triggering. Effector cells for PCl which were treated with NSF for 1 hr at 4 degrees lost their ability to transfer CS. NSF was easily absorbed by normal spleen cells. Furthermore, these NSF-treated spleen cells acquired the ability to inhibit the passive transfer of CS non-specifically. We also discussed the pathway for the induction of these macrophage-like suppressor cells. PMID- 3155706 TI - Selection of BW 5147 subclones devoid of non-specific suppressive activity for use in cell hybridization. AB - Culture supernatants of BW 5147 cells widely used for T-cell hybridization often manifest non-MHC-restricted, non-antigen-specific regulatory activities on the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) of mouse cells. This report demonstrates that, whereas supernatants of BW 5147 cells grown at low concentrations (2 X 10(5)/ml) enhanced MLR, high cell concentration (2 X 10(6)/ml) supernatants markedly inhibited this reaction. BW 5147 cell-free extracts significantly inhibited MLR and in vitro antibody production (PFC), as well as the mitogenic response to lipopolysaccharide E. coli (LPS) of mouse spleen cells, but did not affect the response to an optimal dose of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Both supernatant and cell-free extract inhibitory activities were located in 60,000 MW fraction. Inhibitory material of low MW (less than 12,000) was also found in high cell concentration supernatants. A similar suppressive activity was exerted by cell free extracts of P3 X 63 NS cells used for B-cell hybridization. The suppressive activity seemed to stem from some kind of interaction between BW 5147 cells and the fetal calf serum (FCS) of the culture medium. Supernatants from subclones of BW 5147 cells obtained in selected batches of FCS and maintained in the same serum, even at high cell concentrations, did not affect MLR, whereas the supernatants from the same subclones maintained in other batches definitely suppressed this reaction. Thus, provided that culture conditions are chosen carefully, subclones of BW 5147 devoid of effect on in vitro immune reactions can be obtained. PMID- 3155705 TI - Ovine concanavalin A-induced suppressor cells: generation, assay, age-related effects and re-evaluation of mechanism of suppression. AB - Preactivation of ovine peripheral blood and lymph node mononuclear cells with mitogenic doses of concanavalin A (Con A) induced cells which suppressed mitogen stimulated proliferative responses of untreated autologous and allogeneic responder cells. The degree of suppression varied with preactivating doses of Con A, length of preactivation time, and ratio of preactivated to responder cells. The role of macrophages in generation of suppressor cells was not evaluated. However, macrophages were not required to mediate suppression in cocultures, as lymphoblasts depleted of macrophage by plastic adherence and nylon wool columns mediated equal, and often greater, suppression than unseparated, preactivated cells. Suppressor cell activity in peripheral blood increased from the neonatal period to adulthood. Supernatants from Con A preactivated cell cultures with detectable interleukin-2 activity abrogated suppression when added at 0 and 24 hr of the 72 hr coculture period, suggesting that Con A-induced suppressor cells exert their function by decreasing available levels of IL-2 in the cocultures. PMID- 3155707 TI - Electrophoretic variation between class II molecules expressed on HLA-DRw8 homozygous typing cells reveals multiple distinct haplotypes. AB - Two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitated HLA-DR antigens from eight homozygous typing cells (HTC) expressing the HLA-DRw8 specificity revealed a clustering of polymorphic beta chain patterns into distinct electrophoretic variants. The variant patterns correlate with three discrete HLA D clusters that are defined in the mixed leukocyte culture reaction (MLR) using DRw8-positive HTC. These HLA-D clusters have been provisionally designated Dw"8.1", detected primarily in Caucasoids, Dw"8.2", detected primarily in American Indians, and Dw"8.3", detected predominantly in Orientals. All three HLA Dw"8.1" cell lines express a single DR-locus product as defined by immunoprecipitation with a DR-specific monoclonal antibody, P4.1. This DR beta chain is identical among the Dw"8.1" cell lines and different from the DR beta chains of the Dw"8.2" and Dw"8.3" cell lines. Two separate Dw"8.2" HTC express a shared DR beta chain that is slightly more basic than the 8.1 DR molecule; interestingly, one of these lines also expresses an additional DR-like beta chain not found in the other cells. Thus, the two lines defining the Dw"8.2" cluster share one distinct class II molecule, but differ in another and therefore are not biochemically HLA-identical. Cells from the Dw"8.3" cluster are likewise distinct from all other Dw8 clusters. One additional DRw8-positive HTC has been analyzed and found to be distinct from the Dw"8.1", "8.2" and "8.3" clusters by both MLR and 2D gels. Immunoprecipitates using monoclonal antibody 1B5 [anti-DR and anti DQ(DS)] identify additional polymorphic class II variants among the cell lines tested. These data indicate that HLA-DRw8 is a public serologic specificity present on class II molecules expressed on multiple distinct haplotypes. These haplotypes differ from each other in expression of polymorphic class II molecules encoded by at least two HLA loci. They also differ in HLA-D, even though they all type as HLA-DRw8 homozygous. In Dw"8.2", variation in expressed beta chains is not reflected in variation in HLA-D, indicating that MLR, as well as serologic typing, does not detect the full degree of allelic polymorphism within HLA. PMID- 3155708 TI - Response of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to iron limitation: alterations in expression of membrane proteins without apparent siderophore production. AB - For acquisition of iron, an essential nutrient, most microorganisms produce siderophores (low-molecular-weight iron-chelating compounds) and membrane proteins to serve as receptors for the iron-siderophore complexes. The gonococcus does not appear to produce a siderophore, since the quantity of siderophore detected by bioassays of culture supernatants from strains F62 and FA19 was never greater than the amount present in the uninoculated medium. Iron limitation of the laboratory strains F62 and FA19 and 12 recent clinical isolates resulted in the expression of several iron-repressible membrane proteins. The expression of proteins in the apparent molecular weight range of 70,000 to 100,000 was strain dependent. All strains expressed 36,000-dalton (36K) and 19.5K proteins. FA19 and F62 were also grown in medium containing iron sources commonly encountered in vivo (i.e., transferrin, lactoferrin, hemoglobin, or hemin). Comparison of growth rates indicates that transferrin and lactoferrin were more readily utilized as iron sources than hemin and hemoglobin were. Expression of the iron-repressible proteins varied depending upon the iron source. Fewer iron-repressible proteins were observed when cells were supplied with transferrin or lactoferrin than when the cultures were grown with either hemin or hemoglobin. The 36K protein was expressed with all four iron sources. PMID- 3155709 TI - Highly toxinogenic but avirulent Park-Williams 8 strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae does not produce siderophore. AB - The highly toxinogenic Park-Williams 8 strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae grows slowly in vitro and is avirulent. C. diphtheriae Park-Williams 8 is defective in iron uptake and does not produce the corynebacterial siderophore corynebactin. Addition of partially purified corynebactin stimulated iron uptake and growth of iron-deprived C. diphtheriae Park-Williams 8 cells. PMID- 3155710 TI - Effect of skin pigmentation on the response to intradermal histamine. AB - The effects of injecting histamine phosphate, in serial 10-fold dilutions ranging from 0.0001 to 0.1 mg/ml histamine base, intradermally into three groups of nonatopic healthy volunteers with varying degrees of skin pigmentation were studied. The wheal sizes in the 30 Negroid subjects with darkly pigmented skins were consistently greater than those in both the 30 Caucasian subjects with light skin pigmentation and the 15 mixed Caucasian/Negroid subjects with light brown skins. The overall wheal response was the smallest in the Caucasian subjects. The differences in wheal sizes were greatest between the Negroid and Caucasian subjects for all dilutions, and these differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.005). From this study it appears that skin pigmentation has a profound effect on the wheal response to intradermally injected histamine. It is speculated that this difference in response may be related to the melanin pigment in the skin. PMID- 3155711 TI - Quinolinate. A selective neurotoxin in embryonic and posthatching chicken retinas. AB - Quinolinate (QUIN), an endogenous dicarboxylic amino acid, structurally related to the putative retinal neurotransmitter aspartate, acts as a specific neurotoxin in the chick neural retina. Qualitative analysis of QUIN's neurotoxic effects reveals that sensitivity to the amino acid is first detected in the 9-day-old embryonic chick retina. Nuclei and cytoplasm of some cells in the inner region of the inner nuclear layer and in the ganglion cell layer appear hypochromatic or electron lucent when examined by light or electron microscopy, respectively. Between day 10 and 12, the sensitivity of the embryonic retina to QUIN increases and remains around the day 12 level throughout the remaining embryonic and initial posthatching period. Cells in the inner half of the inner nuclear layer continue to be the most severely affected throughout retinal development, ganglion cells less so. Photoreceptor and most cells in the outer region of the inner nuclear layer remain undamaged. QUIN effects are partially reversible: retinas exposed to QUIN briefly in vitro and then transferred to fresh QUIN-free medium are not as severely affected as those allowed no recovery time. In day 1 posthatching chick retinas, similar patterns of QUIN-toxicity were observed in vitro (0.5-5 mM QUIN; 5-30 min) and in vivo (200-600 micrograms QUIN/eye; 0.5-24 hr following intravitreal injection). PMID- 3155712 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: an update. AB - Rapid and progressive improvement in techniques and decreased morbidity and mortality rates have taken place since the introduction in 1977 of PTCA for the treatment of coronary artery disease. PTCA is now performed worldwide. Originally used for proximal single-vessel disease, which is still the ideal lesion, criteria for PTCA have expanded to include multiple stenotic lesions in one or more vessels, distally located obstructive lesions, patients with prior coronary artery bypass surgery, and patients with acute myocardial infarction where PTCA is performed in combination with streptokinase lysis of an obstructive thrombus. PMID- 3155713 TI - Resistance to mycobacteria in mice treated with fractionated total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and in mice reconstituted with allogenic bone marrow cells following radiotherapy. AB - The increased clinical use of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) as an immunosuppressive adjunct in transplantation suggested the need for determining the effects of TLI on the in vivo susceptibility of animals to infections controlled by cell-mediated immunity. TLI-treated, TLI-treated and splenectomized, and chimeric mice prepared with TLI were inoculated in the hind foot pad with Mycobacterium marinum or Mycobacterium leprae. Although M. marinum organisms multiplied in greater numbers in the TLI mice, ultimately they were destroyed as effectively in TLI mice as in the non-irradiated control mice. M. leprae multiplied at the same rate and to the same maximum in TLI mice as in controls. Mice previously challenged with M. marinum in one hind foot pad, and challenged subsequently with the same organism in the opposite hind foot pad, showed a solid immunity against this reinfection. It appears that upon recovery from the immediate effects of radiotherapy TLI-treated mice are able to mount an effective immune response to experimental infection with M. marinum and M. leprae. PMID- 3155714 TI - Inducible beta-oxidation pathway in Neurospora crassa. AB - An inducible beta-oxidation system was demonstrated in a particulate fraction from Neurospora crassa. The activities of all individual beta-oxidation enzymes were enhanced in cells after a shift from a sucrose to an acetate medium. The induction was even more pronounced in transfer to a medium containing oleate as sole carbon and energy source. Since an acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase was detected instead of acyl-CoA oxidase, the former enzyme seems to catalyze the first step of the beta-oxidation sequence in N. crassa. After isopycnic centrifugation in a linear sucrose gradient, the intracellular organelles housing the fatty acid degradation pathway cosedimented (1.21 g/cm3) with the glyoxylate bypass enzymes isocitrate lyase and malate synthase and were clearly resolved from both mitochondrial marker enzymes (1.19 g/cm3) and catalase (1.26 g/cm3). On the basis of biochemical as well as morphological properties, these particles from N. crassa have recently been designated as glyoxysome-like particles (G. Wanner and T. Theimer, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 386:269-284, 1982). The failure to detect catalase, urate oxidase, and acyl-CoA oxidase indicate that these glyoxysome-like microbodies in N. crassa lack peroxisomal function and thus are clearly different from the various microbodies reported so far to contain a beta oxidation pathway. PMID- 3155715 TI - Escherichia coli supH suppressor: temperature-sensitive missense suppression caused by an anticodon change in tRNASer2. AB - We describe the cloning and the DNA sequence of the Escherichia coli supH missense suppressor and of the supD60(Am) suppressor genes. supH is a mutant form of serU which codes for tRNASer2. The supH coding sequence differs from the wild type sequence by a single nucleotide change which corresponds to the middle position of the anticodon. The CGA anticodon of wild-type tRNA and CUA anticodon of supD tRNA is changed to CAA in supH tRNA, which is expected to recognize the UUG leucine codon. We propose that the supH suppressor causes the insertion of serine in response to this codon. The temperature sensitivity caused by supH may be due to a conformation of the CAA anticodon in the supH tRNASer that is slightly different than that in the corresponding tRNALeu species. PMID- 3155716 TI - Cloning of rfaG, B, I, and J genes for glycosyltransferase enzymes for synthesis of the lipopolysaccharide core of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - R-prime plasmids carrying the pyrE-rfa-cysE region of the chromosome of Salmonella typhimurium were isolated by using the vector pULB113 (RP4::mini-Mu). One of the R-prime plasmids was used as a source of DNA to clone the rfa genes for lipopolysaccharide synthesis to pBR322. The following three hybrid plasmids were constructed: pKZ15, with a 4.0-kilobase EcoRI fragment of S. typhimurium DNA, containing the rfaG gene; pKZ27, a 9-kilobase BglII fragment with the rfaG, rfaB, and rfaI genes; and pKZ26, a 7.7-kilobase HindIII fragment with the rfaG, rfaB, rfaI, and rfaJ genes. We propose that these cloned genes code for four glycosyltransferases used for synthesis of the lipopolysaccharide core region (rfaG for glucosyltransferase I; rfaI for galactosyltransferase I; rfaB for galactosyltransferase II; and rfaJ for glucosyltransferase II). For all four genes, mutants which lacked the appropriate enzyme activity were complemented by the plasmids to give completed core lipopolysaccharide with O (somatic) side chains; for rfaG, rfaB, and rfaI, mutants gave restored or even amplified levels of the appropriate glycosyltransferase in in vitro assays. We show that the order of genes in the region is pyrE-rfaG-(rfaB-rfaI)-rfaJ-rfaL-rfaF -cysE. PMID- 3155718 TI - Locus affecting regulation of the colicin I receptor by iron. AB - Using a strain containing a cir-lac operon fusion and a selective medium, we isolated a regulatory mutant of the colicin I receptor, which we have designated cirR. Cells carrying the cirR mutation were defective in the transcriptional regulation of cir by iron, but synthesis of other iron-regulated proteins was unaffected. cirR was found to be cis dominant. This is in contrast to previously described mutations in iron regulation which are pleiomorphic and trans dominant. Temperature regulation of colicin I receptor production was unaffected by cirR. PMID- 3155719 TI - Generation of transducing particles in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Transduction of plasmid pC194 and bacteriophage phi 11de varied inversely with the multiplicity of infection. As the multiplicity of infection decreased from 10(-1) to 10(-5) PFU/CFU, the transduction frequency of pC194 increased 10(4) fold; the transduction frequency of phi 11de increased 300-fold with a 100-fold decrease in multiplicity of infection. Physical and genetic analysis of the transduced DNA showed that pC194 resided in the phage particle as a random, circularly permuted linear concatemer. In DNA prepared from phage that cotransduced pC194 and phi 11de, pC194 resided in the transducing phage primarily as a linear multimer of 15.8 kilobases, or about 5.4 pC194 monomers. The pC194 multimer was randomly inserted into the phi 11 genome. PMID- 3155720 TI - Genetics of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins in Escherichia coli: cheD mutations affect the structure and function of the Tsr transducer. AB - The tsr gene specifies a methyl-accepting membrane protein involved in chemotaxis to serine and several repellent compounds. We have characterized a special class of tsr mutations designated cheD which alter the signaling properties of the Tsr transducer. Unlike tsr null mutants, cheD strains are generally nonchemotactic, dominant in complementation tests, and exhibit a pronounced counterclockwise bias in flagellar rotation. Several lines of evidence showed that cheD mutations were alleles of the tsr gene. First, cheD mutations were mapped into the same deletion segments as conventional tsr mutations. Second, restriction site analysis of the transducing phage deletions used to construct the genetic map demonstrated that the endpoints of the deletion segments fell within the tsr coding sequence. Third, a number of the cheD mutants synthesized Tsr proteins with slight changes in electrophoretic mobility, consistent with alterations in Tsr primary structure. These mutant proteins were able to undergo posttranslational deamidation and methylation reactions in the same manner as wild-type Tsr protein; however, the steady-state level of Tsr methylation in cheD strains was very high. The methylation state of the Tar protein, another species of methyl accepting protein in Escherichia coli, was also higher than normal in cheD strains, suggesting that the aberrant Tsr transducer in cheD mutants has a generalized effect on the sensory adaptation system of the cell. These properties are consistent with the notion that the Tsr protein of cheD mutants is locked in an excitatory signaling mode that both activates the sensory adaptation system and drowns out chemotactic signals generated by other transducer species. Further study of cheD mutations thus promises to reveal valuable information about the functional architecture of the Tsr protein and how this transducer controls flagellar behavior. PMID- 3155717 TI - Temperature-sensitive catabolite activator protein in Escherichia coli BUG6. AB - BUG6 is a temperature-sensitive cell division mutant which forms filaments at the nonpermissive temperature. Synthesis of the maltose- and galactose-binding protein-dependent transport systems is also temperature sensitive in BUG6. Using operon and protein fusions of the maltose transport genes to lacZ, we observed that the temperature-sensitive control of the maltose transport system in BUG6 occurs at the transcriptional level. By P1-mediated transductions, we found that BUG6 contains two independent temperature-sensitive mutations. One maps between 2 and 3 min on the Escherichia coli linkage map, in close proximity to the fts-envA region. This mutation is responsible for temperature-sensitive cell division. The other mutation maps at 73 min in crp, the structural gene of the catabolite activator protein. The latter could be complemented by a hybrid plasmid carrying the wild-type crp as the only gene on a 0.9-kilobase HindIII-AluI restriction fragment. The mutation in crp alone was found to be responsible for the temperature-sensitive synthesis of the maltose transport system. Although it causes a complete block of transcription of the maltose transport genes at 41 degrees C, this mutation had only a marginal effect on the transcription of the lac operon. PMID- 3155721 TI - Analysis of the individual regulatory components of the IncFII plasmid replication control system. AB - Replication of the IncFII plasmid NR1 is controlled by regulating the amount of synthesis of the repA1 initiator protein at both the transcriptional and translational levels. We have examined mutations which have altered each of these levels of regulation, resulting in different plasmid copy numbers. The genes which encode each of the individual wild-type or mutant regulatory components from the replication control region of NR1 have been cloned independently into pBR322 vectors, and their effects in trans, either individually or in various combinations, on plasmid incompatibility, stability, copy number, and repA1 gene expression have been defined. PMID- 3155722 TI - Regulation of transcription of the repA1 gene in the replication control region of IncFII plasmid NR1 by gene dosage of the repA2 transcription repressor protein. AB - Transcription of the repA1 gene of the IncFII plasmid NR1 is initiated at two promoters in the replication control region. Transcription from the upstream promoter is constitutive at a low level, whereas transcription from the downstream promoter is regulated. The 5' end of the constitutively synthesized transcript also encodes the transcription repressor protein for the regulated downstream promoter. Therefore, the level of the repressor protein in the cell is gene dosage dependent. Using both lac gene fusions and quantitative hybridization methods, we have determined the in vivo relationship between the rate of transcription from the regulated promoter and the repressor protein concentration as a function of gene dosage. At the wild-type copy number of NR1, transcription from the regulated promoter is 96% repressed, but substantial derepression occurs when the copy number falls below the normal value. At or above the normal plasmid copy number, the basal level of repA1 mRNA is provided by transcription from the constitutive upstream promoter. PMID- 3155723 TI - Lethality of the double mutations rho rep and rho ssb in Escherichia coli. AB - The similarity of rho mutants to rep and ssb mutants in sensitivity to UV light and in recombination deficiency suggested that the function of the Rho protein might be related to that of Rep and Ssb. In support of that idea, we found that rho rep and rho ssb double mutants are either nonviable, or at best only marginally viable. Viability could be restored by suppressor mutations, one of which mapped either in the rho gene or close to its 5'-end. Rho may thus share a role with Rep and Ssb in replication and the structural maintenance of DNA; a multifunctional Rho protein could account for the diversity of the defects seen in rho mutants, some of which appear to have no relation to the defect in transcription termination. PMID- 3155724 TI - Partial purification and properties of a pre-mRNA splicing activity. AB - Precursor RNA substrates for splicing reaction were synthesized in vitro from a plasmid DNA in which the early region 2 gene of adenovirus 2 was fused to an efficient bacteriophage promoter (Salmonella phage 6). Pre-mRNA splicing activity from nuclear extracts of MOPC-315 mouse myeloma cells was partially purified 108 fold by three chromatographic steps. The in vitro splicing reaction catalyzed by the partially purified fractions was efficient (60-80% substrate conversion) and accurate at the nucleotide level. The reaction occurred with crude or purified fractions without any detectable lag and nucleotides (ATP or GTP) were absolutely required. Monoclonal anti-Sm antibodies that quantitatively immunoprecipitate U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles totally inhibited the splicing activity of the purified fractions, indicating that U1 small nuclear RNPs had co-purified with the activity and were absolutely required for the splicing reaction. PMID- 3155725 TI - Binding of human recombinant 125I-interferon gamma to receptors on human cells. AB - Recombinant human interferon gamma (rIFN-gamma) produced in Escherichia coli was labeled with 125I to study its binding to receptors of HeLa and lymphoblastoid cells. All the cell lines examined had receptors for rIFN-gamma, although the binding varied considerably among different cell lines. The binding of 125I-rIFN gamma was competed up to 90% by the addition of unlabeled rIFN-gamma, although not by the addition of IFN-alpha or -beta. By adding increasing concentrations of unlabeled rIFN-gamma to binding assays containing a constant amount of 125I-rIFN gamma, we determined a KD of 3.7 and 6.3 X 10(-10) M for its binding to Daudi and HeLa cells, respectively. About 13,000 receptors per cell were present in Daudi and 5,000 in HeLa cells. The Mr of the IFN-gamma/receptor complex was determined by cross-linking experiments to be about 125,000. This complex is smaller than the IFN-alpha/receptor complex that has a Mr of about 140,000. The rIFN-gamma receptor was down-regulated when HeLa cells were treated with this interferon, but not when these cells were treated with IFN-beta. These findings suggest that the receptors for IFN-alpha and -gamma differ in several characteristics. The turnover of the rIFN-gamma receptor was measured by inhibiting protein synthesis with cycloheximide and the half-life of this receptor was found to be 2 h. The unglycosylated rIFN-gamma was bound to cellular receptors with an affinity similar to that previously reported for natural IFN-gamma. The lymphoblastoid cell lines examined had high affinity receptors for rIFN-gamma, but did not respond to treatment with this IFN with an induction of the synthesis of the enzyme (2'-5')oligo(A) synthetase, whereas HeLa cells responded to rIFN-gamma. The reason for the lack of response of lymphoblastoid cells is presently unknown. PMID- 3155726 TI - Reconstitution of RecBC DNase activity from purified Escherichia coli RecB and RecC proteins. AB - The Escherichia coli RecB protein, normally synthesized in low amounts, has been amplified by linkage of the recB gene to the phage lambda leftward promoter in an expression plasmid. From strains harboring this plasmid, RecB protein has been purified to homogeneity by a simple procedure which includes affinity chromatography on a column of RecC protein bound to agarose. The purified RecB protein has DNA-dependent ATPase activity but no exonuclease activity. RecC protein alone has neither ATPase nor exonuclease activity. However, when combined together, the RecB and RecC proteins show the ATP-dependent double-stranded exonuclease properties characteristic of the RecBC DNase. PMID- 3155727 TI - Independent synthesis of phospholipid and the intrinsic proteins of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The relationship between the synthesis of phospholipids and the intrinsic proteins of the sarcoplasmic reticulum was investigated in differentiating L6 cells in culture. The rates of lipid synthesis and turnover in L6 showed no large variations over the course of differentiation from myoblasts to myotubes while the rate of synthesis of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase steadily increased. Removal of choline from the culture medium after the onset of fusion resulted in a 2-fold inhibition of phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis and a 40 50% reduction in total cellular PC content within 36 h. The synthesis and content of phosphatidylethanolamine also declined subsequent to the effect on PC. The amount of newly synthesized phospholipid in the microsomal fraction also decreased 50% in choline-deprived cells. Choline deprivation of myotubes for up to 4 days had no effect on the rates of synthesis of the Ca2+-ATPase or two intrinsic glycoproteins of 53,000 and 160,000 daltons. The newly synthesized proteins were incorporated into PC-deficient microsomal membranes. The synthesis of total cellular protein and total membrane protein was not altered, thus phospholipid:protein ratios declined 2-fold. These observations suggest that the assembly of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is not tightly coordinated with the rate of phospholipid synthesis. PMID- 3155728 TI - A latent activity dynein-like cytoplasmic magnesium adenosine triphosphatase. AB - A MgATPase has been isolated and characterized from unfertilized sea urchin eggs which is very similar, but not identical, to latent activity axonemal dynein. The cytoplasmic MgATPase activity sediments at 20 S, slightly slower than 21 S latent activity flagellar dynein. Activity is stimulated by nonionic detergent and is inhibited by sodium orthovanadate but is not as sensitive to vanadate as is 21 S flagellar dynein. The egg 20 S MgATPase is composed, at least in part, of three high molecular weight polypeptides. In addition, two intermediate-sized polypeptides appear to co-sediment with the 20 S MgATPase activity. A novel microtubule-affinity assay reveals that high molecular weight polypeptides 1 and 2 of the egg 20 S MgATPase can bind to reassembled microtubules and can be released from the microtubules with MgATP2-. Further, the apparent specific activity of the egg MgATPase is enriched 15-fold by a single microtubule binding step. The results suggest that the cytoplasmic 20 S MgATPase is a dynein-like microtubule translocator which resides in the unfertilized egg awaiting future incorporation onto microtubules in order to perform work. The egg 20 S enzyme might function in cytoplasmic microtubule-mediated movement or it might be a precursor of embryonic ciliary dynein. PMID- 3155729 TI - Isolation and characterization of phosphofructokinase C from rabbit brain. AB - Phosphofructokinase from rabbit brain consists of hybrids of the A, B, and C isozymes. Phosphofructokinase C was isolated from a purified mixture of such hybrids in a 2-step procedure. In the first step, phosphofructokinase B was removed by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. In the second step, subunits of phosphofructokinases A and C were separated by dissociation at pH 5.0 followed by chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose. The separated isozymes were then reassociated by neutralization. Phosphofructokinase C was structurally distinct from phosphofructokinases A (obtained from muscle or brain) and B (obtained from liver) as shown by one-dimensional chymotryptic and staphylococcal V8 protease fingerprints of all three isozymes. In addition, phosphofructokinase C cross reacted weakly or not at all with antisera raised against phosphofructokinase B or phosphofructokinase A. Phosphofructokinase C was also kinetically distinct from the A and B isozymes. The C isozyme was more sensitive than the A isozyme but less sensitive than the B isozyme to inhibition by ATP, was less sensitive than the A isozyme but more sensitive than the B isozyme to inhibition by citrate, and was less sensitive than either of the other two isozymes to activation by inorganic phosphate, AMP, and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. The self association properties of phosphofructokinase C differed from those of the A and B isozymes in that at pH 8.0, the C isozyme did not form oligomers larger than a tetramer under conditions where the other two isozymes did. Thus the properties of phosphofructokinase C are in general quite distinct from those of the other two phosphofructokinase isozymes. PMID- 3155730 TI - Fe2+ and other divalent metal ions uncouple Ca2+ transport from (Ca2+-Mg2+) ATPase in rat liver plasma membranes. AB - The addition of nanomolar concentrations of free Fe2+, Mn2+, or Co2+ to rat liver plasma membranes resulted in an activation of ATP hydrolysis by these membranes which was not additive with the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activity coupled to the Ca2+ pump. Detailed analysis showed that, if fact, (i) as for the stimulation of (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase by Ca2+, activation of ATP hydrolysis by Fe2+, Mn3+, or Co2+ followed a cooperative mechanism involving two ions; (ii) two interacting sites for ATP were involved in the activation of both Fe2+- and Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activities; (iii) micromolar concentrations of magnesium caused the same dramatic inhibition of both activities; and (iv) the subcellular distribution of Fe2+ activated ATP hydrolysis activity corresponded to that of plasma membrane markers. This suggests that the (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase might be stimulated not only by Ca2+, but also by Fe2+, Mn2+, or Co2+. However, interaction of (Ca2+-Mg2+) ATPase with Fe2+, Mn2+, or Co2+ inhibited the Ca2+ pump activity. Furthermore, neither the formation of the phosphorylated intermediate of (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase, nor ATP-dependent (59Fe) uptake could be detected in the presence of Fe2+ concentrations which stimulated ATP hydrolysis. We conclude that: (i) under the influence of certain metal ions, the Ca2+ pump in the liver plasma membrane may be switched to an uncoupled state which displays ATP hydrolysis activity, but does not insure ion transport; (ii) therefore the Ca2+ pump in liver plasma membranes specifically insures Ca2+ transport. PMID- 3155731 TI - Vit C.Fe(III) induced loss of the covalently bound phosphate and enzyme activity of phosphoglucomutase. AB - Rabbit muscle phosphoglucomutase was irreversibly inactivated upon preincubation with vitamin C (Vit C). Fe(III), NADH.NADH oxidase.Fe(III), or ferritin.Vit C. Substrate, glucose 1-phosphate and Mg2+ afforded partial protection. No altered amino acid could be detected in the inactive enzyme. Enzyme so inactivated was more susceptible to trypsin. More importantly, during inactivation, the enzyme lost up to 70% of its enzyme-bound phosphate; the completely inactivated enzyme retained the remainder of the bound phosphate which was isolatable as phosphoserine residing in the 22-amino acid long tryptic peptide. Free phosphoserine as well as those in phosphorylase alpha and phosphocasein were resistant to the oxidizing system, suggesting that the phosphoserine of phosphoglucomutase is uniquely vulnerable to these treatments. Alternatively, a fraction of the total 1 mol of phosphate in the phosphoform of phosphoglucomutase may not be associated with phosphoserine. Phosphoglyceromutase, which has phosphohistidine at its active site, was also inactivated by the oxidizing system. However, it did not release any of the bound phosphate. PMID- 3155732 TI - Reaction mechanism of the calcium-transport ATPase in endoplasmic reticulum of rat liver. Demonstration of different reactive forms of the phosphorylated intermediate. AB - A calcium-transport ATPase is inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum of rat liver. Catalysis of calcium translocation involves transient covalent binding of the terminal phosphate residue of ATP by the enzyme, resulting in the formation of an alkali- and hydroxylamine-labile phosphorylprotein intermediate. Both MgATP as well as CaATP can be utilized in the phosphorylation reaction which requires calcium as a cofactor. Magnesium accelerates the turnover of the phosphorylprotein intermediate. An ADP-reactive and ADP-unreactive state of the phosphoenzyme could be distinguished. In the ADP-reactive state with tightly bound calcium, the phosphoenzyme can transphosphorylate its phosphate residue to ADP, giving rise to synthesis of ATP. The ADP-reactive phosphoenzyme can be converted into an ADP-unreactive state by prolonged incubation with excess EGTA (ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid). It is suggested that this conversion is brought about by the removal of tightly bound calcium from the phosphoenzyme. A strong homology of the sequential reaction steps during calcium translocation by the calcium-transport ATPases in endoplasmic reticulum from rat liver and sarcoplasmic reticulum from skeletal muscle is suggested. PMID- 3155733 TI - Exogenous sn-1,2-diacylglycerols containing saturated fatty acids function as bioregulators of protein kinase C in human platelets. AB - The ability of exogenous sn-1,2-diacylglycerols and analogs to function as bioregulators of protein kinase C in human platelets was investigated. The activation of protein kinase C in platelets is indicated by specific phosphorylation of a 40,000-dalton protein. Dihexanoylglycerol, dioctanoylglycerol (diC8), didecanoylglycerol, and sn-1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol were active in stimulating 40,000-dalton protein phosphorylation. Only a trace of phosphorylation was elicited by dibutyrylglycerol. Phosphorylation was not induced by analogs of diC8 in which an -H, -SH, or -Cl group replaced the free OH, nor by monoacylglycerols or long chain diacylglycerols. Maximum phosphorylation was induced by dihexanoylglycerol, diC8, and didecanoylglycerol at concentrations from 5 to 20 microM and between 5 and 30 S after exposure of platelets to these diacylglycerols. Under conditions of maximal phosphorylation of the 40,000-dalton protein, these diacylglycerols did not induce phosphatidylinositol turnover, or platelet aggregation, or stimulate release of ATP or serotonin. A small degree of aggregation was evident with platelets isolated in the absence of prostacyclin, and release of serotonin was observed when 1 mM Ca2+ or submaximal concentrations of ionophore A23187 were included. These results are consistent with a model in which platelet activation requires the simultaneous formation of two intracellular signals, diacylglycerols and Ca2+. These diacylglycerols and diacylglycerol analogs provide useful tools to investigate the function of diacylglycerols as bioregulators in intact cells. PMID- 3155734 TI - Protein kinase C and calcium ion in mitogenic response of macrophage-depleted human peripheral lymphocytes. AB - For mitogenic response of macrophage-depleted human peripheral lymphocytes, 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG) and Ca2+ ionophore are both needed in addition to a small quantity of plant lectin, phytohemagglutinin (PHA). PHA alone is not sufficient to produce the cellular response. The addition of TPA or OAG to these cells induces the activation of protein kinase C as assayed by the phosphorylation of its endogenous substrates. Apparently, TPA or OAG and A23187 together substitute for macrophages and act synergistically to potentiate the DNA synthesis of this lymphocyte preparation. The results suggest that protein kinase C activation and Ca2+ mobilization are essential and that additional receptor occupation by PHA is necessary for producing cell proliferation. PMID- 3155735 TI - Interferon-gamma modulates protein kinase C activity in murine peritoneal macrophages. AB - The content of Ca2+-, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activity (protein kinase C) in murine peritoneal macrophages treated with recombinant interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) has been investigated. Protein kinase C activity was solubilized by nonionic detergent extraction of sonicated cells and separated by high performance liquid chromatography on a TSK 4000 SW gel filtration column. The enzyme eluted from the column in a molecular weight range of 60-80 X 10(3) and was identified by virtue of Ca2+ and phospholipid requirements. Macrophages treated with recombinant IFN-gamma exhibited a substantial increase in total protein kinase activity which could be accounted for entirely by increased protein kinase C activity. This activity was enhanced as much as 5-fold over that seen in untreated macrophages and was specific for IFN-gamma in that other agents known to signal changes in macrophage function had no effect. The time required for the elevation of kinase activity was identical to that required for induction of other functions by IFN-gamma in macrophages. These observations suggest that protein kinase C may be a focus of regulatory action in IFN-gamma-mediated macrophage activation. PMID- 3155736 TI - Demonstration of high affinity fibronectin receptors on rat hepatocytes in suspension. AB - A cell-binding peptide (Mr = 85,000) which lacks the gelatin- and heparin-binding domains, was purified from trypsin-digested fibronectin. Preincubation of rat hepatocytes in suspension with the peptide, inhibited initial attachment of the cells to immobilized fibronectin while attachment to immobilized laminin and collagen was unaffected. 125I-labeled 85-kDa peptide bound to the cells in suspension at 4 degrees C in a time-dependent, saturable, and partially reversible reaction. Scatchard analysis of the binding data indicated a single class of receptors with a Kd of 1.7 X 10(-8) M. The number of binding-sites was approximately 2.8 X 10(5)/cell. Unlabeled 85-kDa peptide inhibited the binding of 125I-labeled 85-kDa peptide 30-fold more effectively than intact fibronectin. These results provide direct evidence for the presence of a domain in the fibronectin molecule which has or may acquire a high affinity for receptors involved in adhesion of hepatocytes to immobilized fibronectin. PMID- 3155737 TI - Phosphorylation of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and modulation of its enzymic activity by calcium-activated and phospholipid dependent protein kinase. AB - A calcium-activated and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) catalyzes the phosphorylation of both insoluble microsomal (Mr approximately 100,000) and purified soluble (Mr = 53,000) 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. The phosphorylation and concomitant inactivation of enzymic activity of HMG-CoA reductase was absolutely dependent on Ca2+, phosphatidylserine, and diolein. Dephosphorylation of phosphorylated HMG-CoA reductase was associated with the loss of protein bound radioactivity and reactivation of enzymic activity. Maximal phosphorylation of purified HMG-CoA reductase was associated with the incorporation of 1.05 +/- 0.016 mol of phosphate/mol of native form of HMG-CoA reductase (Mr approximately 100,000). The apparent Km for purified HMG CoA reductase and histone H1 was 0.08 mg/ml, and 0.12 mg/ml, respectively. The tumor-promoting phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulated the protein kinase C-catalyzed phosphorylation of HMG-CoA reductase. Increased phosphorylation of HMG-CoA reductase by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate suggests a possible in vivo protein kinase C-mediated mechanism for the short-term regulation of HMG-CoA reductase activity. The identification of the protein kinase C system in addition to the reductase kinase-reductase kinase kinase bicyclic cascade systems for the modulation of the enzymic activity of HMG-CoA reductase may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis. PMID- 3155738 TI - Structure of human platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa as determined by electron microscopy. AB - The glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa complex was isolated from human platelet membranes and examined for glycoprotein stoichiometry and morphology. To determine the ratio of glycoproteins in the complex, the isolated glycoproteins were solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate and separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Quantitative amino acid analysis of individual glycoproteins showed that the ratio of GP IIb to GP IIIa in the Ca2+-dependent complex was 0.93:1. Morphology was determined by electron microscopy of rotary-shadowed and negatively stained specimens. Individual complexes consisted of two domains: an oblong head of approximately 8 X 10 nm with two rodlike tails extending approximately 14-17 nm from one side of the head. Treatment of the isolated complex with EDTA resulted in the appearance of a mixture of oblong and filamentous structures, which could be separated by a sucrose gradient sedimentation in Triton X-100. As seen by rotary and unidirectional shadowing, GP IIb was a compact structure, approximately 8 X 10 nm in size. Isolated GP IIIa was more heterogeneous but was most often observed in an elongated form, varying in length from 20 to 30 nm and in width from 2 to 3 nm. By comparing these structures to that of the heterodimer complex, it was determined that the oblong domain was GP IIb and the rodlike tails were GP IIIa. Each milligram of isolated GP IIb-IIIa complex bound 0.30 mg of [3H]Triton X-100, indicating that the glycoprotein complex contained limited hydrophobic domains. Upon removal of detergent, GP IIb-IIIa complexes formed aggregates that sedimented in sucrose gradients as a diffuse peak ranging from 14 to 32 s. Examination of these aggregates by electron microscopy showed that they were composed of clusters or "rosettes" of 2 to 20 or more of the GP IIb-IIIa complexes. The orientation of these rosettes was such that the tails were joined in the center, with the head portions directed away from the interacting tails. It thus appears that the primary hydrophobic domains of the GP IIb-IIIa complex exist at the tips of the GP IIIa tails. Because the GP IIb-IIIa complex is an intrinsic membrane glycoprotein, these findings indicate a potential membrane attachment site for the GP IIb-IIIa complexes. PMID- 3155739 TI - Platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex incorporated into phospholipid vesicles. Preparation and morphology. AB - Platelet membrane glycoproteins (GP) IIb and IIIa have been identified as platelet aggregation sites. These glycoproteins form a heterodimer complex (GP IIb-IIIa) in the presence of Ca2+. To study the morphology of this glycoprotein complex in membranes, we incorporated GP IIb-IIIa into artificial phospholipid vesicles using a detergent (octyl glucoside) dialysis procedure. Phosphatidylserine-enriched vesicles (70% phosphatidylserine, 30% phosphatidylcholine) incorporated approximately 90% of the GP IIb-IIIa as determined by sucrose flotation. Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa incorporation into the vesicles was unaffected by ionic strength, suggesting a hydrophobic interaction between the glycoprotein and the phospholipid. In both intact platelets or phospholipid vesicles, GP IIb was susceptible to neuraminidase hydrolysis, indicating that most of the glycoprotein complexes were oriented toward the outside of the platelets or vesicles. The morphology of GP IIb-IIIa in the phospholipid vesicles was observed by negative staining electron microscopy. Individual GP IIb-IIIa complexes appeared as spikes protruding as much as 20 nm from the vesicle surface. Each spike consisted of a GP IIb "head," which was distal to the vesicle and was supported by the GP IIIa "tails." The GP IIb-IIIa complex appeared to be attached to the vesicle membrane by the tips of the GP IIIa tails. Treatment of vesicles with EGTA dissociated the GP IIb-IIIa complex. The dissociated glycoproteins remained attached to the phospholipid vesicles, indicating that both GP IIb and GP IIIa contain membrane-attachment sites. These data suggest a possible structural arrangement of the GP IIb-IIIa complex in whole platelets. PMID- 3155741 TI - Filament formation and actin-activated ATPase activity are abolished by proteolytic removal of a small peptide from the tip of the tail of the heavy chain of Acanthamoeba myosin II. AB - Actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase activity of myosin II from Acanthamoeba castellanii is regulated by phosphorylation of three serine residues located at the carboxyl terminal end of each of the two 185,000-Da heavy chains; the phosphorylated molecule has full Ca2+-ATPase activity but no actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase activity. Under controlled conditions, chymotrypsin removes a small peptide containing all three phosphorylation sites from the ends of the myosin II heavy chains producing a molecule with heavy chains of 175,000 Da and undigested light chains. The length of the myosin II tail decreased from 89 to 76 nm. Chymotrypsin cleaved myosin II has complete Ca2+-ATPase activity but no actin-activated Mg2+ ATPase activity under standard assay conditions and binds to F-actin as well as undigested myosin II in the absence, but not in the presence, of MgATP. In the presence of MgCl2, undigested myosin II forms biopolar filaments but chymotrypsin cleaved myosin II forms only parallel (monopolar) dimers, as assessed by analytical ultra-centrifugation and rotary shadow electron microscopy. We conclude that the short segment very near the end of the myosin II tail that contains the three phosphorylatable serines is necessary for the formation of biopolar filaments and, probably as a consequence of filament formation, for the high-affinity binding of myosin II to F-actin in the presence of ATP and the actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase activity of native myosin II. This supports our previous conclusion that actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase of native myosin II is expressed only when the enzyme is in bipolar filaments with the proper conformation as determined by the state of phosphorylation of the heavy chains. PMID- 3155740 TI - Proteolytic substructure of brain myosin. AB - Individual bovine brain myosin molecules visualized by electron microscopy consist of two globular heads and a fibrous tail, like myosin molecules from other sources. Brain myosin, however, showed much lower solubility at moderate to high ionic strength (0.2 to 0.4 M KCl) than gizzard myosin, and the filaments formed at low ionic strength in the presence of Mg2+ were fairly resistant to low concentrations of ATP, by which gizzard myosin filaments were completely solubilized. Brain myosin was digested with low concentrations of papain, alpha chymotrypsin, or trypsin, and the fragmentation patterns were analyzed by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sedimentation at low ionic strength, and electron microscopy of the fragments produced. The results indicate that all of the proteases cleave the myosin molecule primarily at sites located in the neck or in the head close to the neck, suggesting that the brain myosin molecule contains a hinge region or an open peptide stretch around these sites. The differences as well as the similarities between the proteolytic fragmentation patterns of brain myosin and other myosins are discussed. PMID- 3155743 TI - Costo-iliac impingement syndrome. AB - A syndrome of back and loin pain produced by impingement of the lowest rib against the iliac crest is described in six patients. All had noticed a significant loss of height and five had osteoporosis of the vertebral column. It is suggested that mechanical irritation of the lowest rib against the iliac crest was the cause of the pain and that subperiosteal resection of the outer two thirds of the rib would stop this irritation and relieve the symptoms. The six patients who underwent resection of the twelfth rib all obtained relief of symptoms; in one patient the eleventh rib also was resected. At latest review 5 to 34 months postoperatively there has been no recurrence of symptoms. PMID- 3155742 TI - The use of epidural steroids in the treatment of lumbar radicular pain. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study. AB - Seventy-three patients with lumbar radicular pain syndromes were treated in a prospective, randomized, double-blind fashion with either seven milliliters of methylprednisolone acetate and procaine or seven milliliters of physiological saline solution and procaine. All patients had radiographic confirmation of lumbar nerve-root compression, consistent with the clinical diagnosis of either an acute herniated nucleus pulposus or spinal stenosis. No statistically significant difference was observed between the control and experimental patients with either acute disc herniation or spinal stenosis. Long-term follow-up, averaging twenty months, failed to demonstrate the efficacy of a second injection of epidural steroids administered to the patients whose pain did not respond within twenty-four hours to an injection of either eighty milligrams of methylprednisolone acetate combined with five milliliters of 1 per cent procaine or two milliliters of sterile saline combined with five milliliters of 1 per cent procaine. Therefore, a decision to use epidural steroids must be made with the realization that we failed to demonstrate its clinical efficacy in this study and that reports of serious complications of this procedure have been published. PMID- 3155745 TI - Idiopathic bone necrosis of the femoral head. Early diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3155744 TI - The prevalence of skeletal dysplasias. An estimate of their minimum frequency and the number of patients requiring orthopaedic care. AB - An attempt has been made to estimate the number of living people with skeletal dysplasias (osteochondrodysplasias) in Scotland, England and Wales, ascertained through five orthopaedic centres in different parts of Britain. Index patients and their affected relatives were sought and reassessed. Over the 30-year period between 1950 and 1979 inclusive a minimum prevalence was calculated (excluding stillbirths, perinatal deaths, and patients with chromosome anomalies, metabolic bone disease and short stature per se). The results indicate that there were in the community upwards of 10 000 individuals, at various ages over this period, with these largely genetic disorders. A more accurate estimate is of some 6000 of them requiring substantial orthopaedic care, and who were physically handicapped throughout life, about half of them severely so. PMID- 3155746 TI - Femorofemoral bypass for unilateral iliac artery occlusion in the presence of bilateral superficial femoral artery occlusions. AB - The femorofemoral bypass has become a popular technique of reconstruction for unilateral iliac artery occlusion because of low morbidity and excellent long term patency. A "steal phenomenon" is infrequently seen, but even in relatively sedentary patients with limb-threatening ischemia femorofemoral grafting has been associated with severe donor limb ischemia in occasional instances. This report describes five high risk elderly patients who underwent femorofemoral bypass for limb-threatening ischemia due to unilateral iliac artery occlusion in association with bilateral superficial femoral artery occlusions. All patients underwent successful bypass as judged by relief of rest pain and healing of ulcerations. Despite a pre-operative resting donor limb mean ankle/brachial index of .45, there was no deterioration of donor limb perfusion when patients were followed for a mean of 15.6 months. It is concluded that femorofemoral bypass is the procedure of choice for limb salvage in poor risk patients with adequate donor limb inflow regardless of the degree of outflow occlusive disease. PMID- 3155747 TI - Compression of the true lumen by retrograde perfusion during repair of aortic dissection. AB - The anatomic situation is described in which during repair of DeBakey Type I dissecting aneurysms blood flow may be directed into the false lumen by a large intimal flap at the distal reentry site in spite of seemingly properly placed femoral arterial perfusion cannula. An illustrative clinical case is presented and measures are recommended by which this serious complication may be recognized in time and be properly corrected before irreversible changes occur. PMID- 3155748 TI - Complicated infective endocarditis: surgical treatment. AB - The destructive intracardiac complications of infective endocarditis present a continuing problem even though the mortality from the disease is decreasing. Osler in 1885 correctly described it as a malignant process. Tissue necrosis secondary to infection can cause destruction of valve leaflets and abscess formation in the valve annulus; the process may extend into adjacent parts of the heart and may even perforate into the pericardial cavity. For surgery to succeed it is necessary to excise all necrotic tissue, to replace the valve, and repair annular or other defects and suture the prosthesis to healthy tissue. The technical considerations in achieving a successful surgical result are illustrated and discussed in relation to a patient suffering from severe aortic valve regurgitation and a ventricular septal defect due to active infective endocarditis. PMID- 3155750 TI - Membrane morphogenesis in retinal rod outer segments: inhibition by tunicamycin. AB - Isolated Xenopus laevis retinas were incubated with 3H-labeled mannose or leucine in the presence or absence of tunicamycin (TM), a selective inhibitor of dolichyl phosphate-dependent protein glycosylation. At a TM concentration of 20 micrograms/ml, the incorporation of [3H]mannose and [3H]leucine into retinal macromolecules was inhibited by approximately 66 and 12-16%, respectively, relative to controls. Cellular uptake of the radiolabeled substrates was not inhibited at this TM concentration. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that TM had little effect on the incorporation of [3H]leucine into the proteins of whole retinas and that labeling of proteins (especially opsin) in isolated rod outer segment (ROS) membranes was negligible. The incorporation of [3H]mannose into proteins of whole retinas and ROS membranes was nearly abolished in the presence of TM. Autoradiograms of control retinas incubated with either [3H]mannose or [3H]leucine exhibited a discrete concentration of silver grains over ROS basal disc membranes. In TM-treated retinas, the extracellular space between rod inner and outer segments was dilated and filled with numerous heterogeneously size vesicles, which were labeled with [3H]leucine but not with [3H]mannose. ROS disc membranes per se were not labeled in the TM-treated retinas. Quantitative light microscopic autoradiography of retinas pulse-labeled with [3H]leucine showed no differences in labeling of rod cellular compartments in the presence or absence of TM as a function of increasing chase time. These results demonstrate that TM can block retinal protein glycosylation and normal disc membrane assembly under conditions where synthesis and intracellular transport of rod cell proteins (e.g., opsin) are not inhibited. PMID- 3155749 TI - Interaction of the 70,000-mol-wt amino-terminal fragment of fibronectin with the matrix-assembly receptor of fibroblasts. AB - Plasma fibronectin binds saturably and reversibly to substrate-attached fibroblasts and is subsequently incorporated into the extracellular matrix (McKeown-Longo, P.J., and D. F. Mosher, 1983, J. Cell Biol., 97:466-472). We examined whether fragments of fibronectin are processed in a similar way. The amino-terminal 70,000-mol-wt catheptic D fragment of fibronectin bound reversibly to cell surfaces with the same affinity as intact fibronectin but did not become incorporated into extracellular matrix. The 70,000-mol-wt fragment blocked binding of intact fibronectin to cell surfaces and incorporation of intact fibronectin into extracellular matrix. Binding of the 70,000-mol-wt fragment to cells was partially abolished by cleavage into 27,000-mol-wt heparin-binding and 40,000-mol-wt gelatin-binding fragments and more completely abolished by reduction and alkylation of disulfide bonds. Binding of the 70,000-mol-wt fragment to cells was not blocked by gelatin or heparin. When coated onto plastic, the 70,000-mol-wt fragment did not mediate attachment and spreading of suspended fibroblasts. Conversely, fibronectin fragments that had attachment and spreading activity did not block binding of exogenous fibronectin to substrate attached cells. These results indicate that there is a cell binding site in the 70,000-mol-wt fragment that is distinct from the previously described cell attachment site and is required for assembly of exogenous fibronectin into extracellular matrix. PMID- 3155752 TI - Proliferation and differentiation in culture of mast cell progenitors derived from mast cell-deficient mice of genotype W/Wv. AB - Mice of genotype W/Wv have less than 1% of normal mast cells in the skin, stomach, and cecum. In order to further clarify the mechanism of this deficiency, we studied committed mast cell progenitors and multipotent progenitors, which are capable of mast cell differentiation in clonal culture. The relative concentration of mast cell progenitors in the bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood of W/Wv mice was similar to that of +/+ mice. However, the cellularity of the marrows of W/Wv mice was 54% of that of their normal littermates. Identification of mast cells was established by metachromatic staining with toluidine blue, transmission electron microscopy, and demonstration of membrane receptors for immunoglobulin E. The time course of colony formation and the morphology of W/Wv mast cell colonies in culture was identical to that of normal littermates. The percentages of mast cells in individual multi-lineage colonies were extremely variable. The histamine content of mast cells derived from W/Wv mice was similar to that of mast cells from +/+ mice. These studies demonstrated the normal capacity for differentiation and proliferation in culture of mast cell progenitors from W/Wv mice. PMID- 3155753 TI - Cardiac risk factors in juvenile hypertension. PMID- 3155751 TI - Isolation of a subpopulation of glycoprotein IIb-III from platelet membranes that is bound to membrane actin. AB - Triton X-100-insoluble residues, or skeletons, of plasma membrane-rich vesicles obtained from unstimulated human platelets were isolated by high speed centrifugation. About 10-15% of the total surface iodinatable glycoproteins IIb and III (GPIIb and GPIII, respectively) co-isolated with the insoluble fraction. After sonication and centrifugation the solubilized material was further purified by affinity chromatography on Lens culinaris lectin-Sepharose. SDS PAGE analysis of this material revealed the presence of at least three major proteins, which were shown to be GPIIb, GPIII, and membrane actin, as judged by their electrophoretic properties and on the basis of immunological criteria. Antibodies directed against platelet surface glycoproteins and antibodies directed against rabbit actin were able to immunoprecipitate all three proteins, which indicates that they were noncovalently associated with one another. Gel filtration of the Lens lectin-purified Triton-insoluble complex on Ultrogel AcA 22 showed that greater than 85% of the total surface GPIIb and III was associated with an actin rich peak that eluted in the void volume. In contrast, the form of GPIIb-III present in the Triton-soluble membrane fraction behaved as monomeric species when chromatographed under identical conditions. Finally, the GPIIb-III membrane actin complex bound with high efficiency to rabbit f-actin in vitro in a Ca++ independent manner, whereas the monomeric forms found in the Triton-soluble fraction did not bind to actin. These results indicate that two forms of GPIIb and III exist: one that binds directly to endogenous membrane actin and one that does not. PMID- 3155754 TI - The aging heart. PMID- 3155756 TI - A board game for sensitizing dental students to children with special needs. PMID- 3155755 TI - Atlas of dopamine receptor images (PET) of the human brain. AB - An atlas of positron emission tomographic images of dopamine and serotonin receptor distribution in the normal and abnormal human brain has been generated using 3-N-[11C]methylspiperone as the tracer. PMID- 3155757 TI - A postgraduate dental training program for treatment of persons with disabilities. AB - Educational aspects of a five-year project of postgraduate training in dentistry for patients with severe disabilities are described. Courses consisted of two weeks of didactic and up to six weeks of clinical instruction. Participating dentists, dental hygienists, and assistants demonstrated significant post-course gains in cognitive knowledge and confidence. Follow-up evaluations indicated that more than 75 percent actively apply their training, particularly those in academic dentistry. The nationwide response to the program indicates a demand for advanced training of this type. PMID- 3155758 TI - Sequence of mechanical, electrocardiographic and clinical effects of repeated coronary artery occlusion in human beings: echocardiographic observations during coronary angioplasty. AB - The direct manipulation of coronary blood flow to induce regional myocardial ischemia has been almost entirely limited to experimental animal models. Thus, the detection of ischemia-induced left ventricular dysfunction in human subjects has been generally limited to observations made under conditions of diagnostic loading or during spontaneous clinical events. Percutaneous coronary angioplasty requires repeated interruptions of coronary blood flow for periods as long as 1 minute. The resulting appearance of or increase in ischemia-produced changes in myocardial function were detected by two-dimensional echocardiography in 18 patients undergoing angioplasty of 22 coronary stenoses. Accordingly, left ventricular contraction was studied during 52 episodes of regional coronary blood flow interruption and reperfusion in the process of inflating and deflating the angioplasty balloon. Before angioplasty, left ventricular wall motion was normal in 14 patients. There was mild anteroapical hypokinesia in two patients, anteroapical akinesia in one and mild inferior hypokinesia in one. Balloon inflations repeatedly produced new or increased wall motion abnormalities in the distribution of the instrumented coronary artery in 19 (86.4%) of the 22 procedures, but did not alter wall motion during angioplasty of one left circumflex artery lesion, one highly collateralized left anterior descending artery stenosis and one left anterior descending stenosis that had already caused severe anteroapical dyssynergy. Hypokinesia, usually rapidly progressing to dyskinesia, began 19 +/- 8 seconds (mean +/- SD) after coronary occlusion. Wall motion began to normalize 17 +/- 8 seconds after reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3155759 TI - Intracoronary thrombus: role in coronary occlusion complicating percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Angiograms from 238 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty at the Mayo Clinic were reviewed to determine the presence of intracoronary thrombus before dilation. Patients with previously occluded vessels and those receiving streptokinase therapy were excluded. Intracoronary thrombus before dilation was present in 15 patients (6%); complete occlusion occurred in 11 (73%) of these during or immediately after dilation. None of these patients had angiographic evidence of major intimal dissection. In contrast, among the 223 patients in whom no intracoronary thrombus was present before dilation, complete occlusion occurred in 18 (8%) and in 12 was associated with major intimal dissection. The difference between the complete occlusion rates for patients with and without prior intracoronary thrombus was highly significant (73 versus 8%, respectively, p less than 0.001). Therefore, the presence of intracoronary thrombus identifies a group of patients who are at increased risk of developing complete occlusion during or after attempted coronary artery dilation. PMID- 3155760 TI - Computed tomographic analysis of the effects of hyperosmolar mannitol and methylprednisolone on myocardial infarct size. AB - Using contrast-enhanced computed tomography, the effects of hyperosmolar mannitol and methylprednisolone on experimentally produced myocardial infarcts were evaluated serially over the course of approximately 1 month. Infarct size, initial perfusion defect (jeopardized segment) and noninfarcted muscle mass were determined in three groups of conditioned mongrel dogs. Group 1 (n = 11) served as the control group, groups 2 and 3 were pretreated with mannitol (375 mg/kg, n = 10) or methylprednisolone (7.5 mg/kg, n = 11). Each animal in the treatment groups was treated with identical doses of the originally administered agent twice daily for 7 days after coronary occlusion. Each group developed increases in the noninfarcted muscle mass of the left ventricle (compensatory hypertrophy). The mean increase averaged more than 20% over 30 days when all groups were included together. Infarct size was smaller in both of the treatment groups. However, at 4 days after infarction, mannitol-treated dogs had a mean infarct size that was 68 +/- 8% (+/- standard error of the mean) of the size of control infarcts (p less than 0.01) and methylprednisolone-treated dogs had a mean infarct size that was 77 +/- 6% of the size of control infarcts (p less than 0.01) (referenced to the initial perfusion defect). At 30 days, these differences were less substantial (though still significant), 88 +/- 4% and 85 +/- 5%, respectively. Pharmacologic interventions can be shown to alter the size of an acute myocardial infarction, particularly when examined over the time course of infarct healing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3155761 TI - Alterations in left ventricular function, coronary hemodynamics and myocardial catecholamine balance with MDL 17043, a new inotropic vasodilator agent, in patients with severe heart failure. AB - To evaluate changes in myocardial energetics and systemic and cardiac sympathetic activity associated with improved left ventricular function after MDL 17043, a new inotropic vasodilator agent, systemic and coronary hemodynamics and myocardial catecholamine balance were determined in 17 patients with severe heart failure. After the administration of MDL 17043, cardiac index increased by 67% and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased (25 +/- 5 to 14 +/- 7 mm Hg, p less than 0.01), indicating improved left ventricular function. Coronary sinus blood flow (75 +/- 29 to 111 +/- 51 ml/min, p less than 0.01) and myocardial oxygen consumption (9.9 +/- 3.3 to 11.8 +/- 5.4 ml/min, p less than 0.05) increased despite decreased myocardial oxygen extraction (11.7 +/- 2 to 10.1 +/- 3.3 vol%, p less than 0.05) and a higher coronary sinus oxygen content. Although transmyocardial lactate extraction remained unchanged, increased myocardial oxygen consumption has potential deleterious effects on myocardial metabolic function. Arterial norepinephrine concentrations and transmyocardial norepinephrine release also remained unchanged. These findings suggest that MDL 17043 improves left ventricular pump function, but produces no detectable change in systemic and cardiac sympathetic activity. Improved left ventricular function is associated with increased myocardial oxygen consumption despite primary coronary vasodilation. PMID- 3155762 TI - Bronchial asthma--what are those inflammatory cells doing there anyway? PMID- 3155763 TI - Psychiatric disorder in children with physical disabilities. PMID- 3155764 TI - Antigen presentation in the rat. II. An Ia+ radiosensitive T cell can present antigen to primed Ia- T cells. AB - We demonstrated previously the presence of an Ia+ (OX-6+) antigen-presenting cell within the rat T cell fraction that is capable of presenting antigen to antigen primed OX-6-T cells. This antigen-presenting cell (T-APC) reacted with the monoclonal antibodies W3/25 and W3/13, which is known to react mainly with rat T cells. Further characterization of the T-APC indicated that the cell also reacted with the monoclonal antibody OX-19, which is highly specific for rat T cells. Moreover, the antigen-presenting function of the T-APC was sensitive to treatment with mitomycin C or gamma-irradiation (2000 rad). Under similar conditions, antigen presentation by partially purified dendritic cells or macrophages was totally resistant to these treatments. The antigen-presenting activity of gamma irradiated T-APC was not reconstituted by the addition of the lymphokines IL 1, IL 2, or Con A supernatants. Although unirradiated T-APC were able to stimulate an MLR response, this function was also sensitive to gamma-irradiation, whereas the MLR-stimulating ability of macrophages and dendritic cells was resistant to gamma-irradiation. These data indicate that Ia+ T cells from the rat are capable of presenting antigen to antigen-primed T lymphocytes and that, in contrast to antigen presentation by macrophages and dendritic cells, the function of T-APC is gamma-radiation sensitive. PMID- 3155765 TI - Characterization of the accessory cells involved in suppressor T cell induction. AB - The ability of UV-treated splenic adherent cells (SAC) to induce T cell-mediated immunity and suppressor T cells was analyzed in the 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (NP) system. UV irradiation of 0.88 KJ/m2 decreased the capacity of NP coupled SAC to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses by about 50%. The ability of uncoupled UV-treated SAC to induce allogeneic DTH response was also imparied, indicating that UV-treated SAC are inefficient at inducing DTH in these systems. TS1 induction by UV-treated NP-SAC was evaluated TS1 induction by UV-treated NP-SAC was evaluated by using adherent cells that were subjected to the same dose of UV irradiation that impaired DTH induction. Intravenous administration of 10(3) or 10(4) UV-treated NP-coupled SAC induced TS1 cells with the same efficiency as non-UV-irradiated cells. The TS1 cells induced in this fashion were antigen specific. Furthermore, to establish that the antigen was not reprocessed by the host, I-J-mismatched, UV-treated NP-SAC were unable to induce TS1 cells. The population of antigen-presenting cells responsible for TS1 induction appear to express both I-A and I-J determinants. TS2 induction by UV treated accessory cells was also analyzed. TSF1 inducer suppressor factor was pulsed onto graded numbers of either normal or UV-treated adherent cells. The same levels of antigen-specific suppression were induced with normal and UV treated cells. Finally, TS3 induction by UV-treated NP-SAC was analyzed. UV treated and normal NP-SAC (3 X 10(3] induced antigen-specific suppression of NP DTH responses. I-J-mismatched, UV-treated NP-SAC failed to induce suppression, suggesting that the hapten was not reprocessed by the host under these experimental conditions. The accessory cell population responsible for TS3 induction appears to express both I-A and I-J determinants. Thus, there are at least two functional distinctions between the antigen-presenting cells that induce immunity vs those that induce suppressor cells. First, UV treatment selectively impairs the antigen-presenting cells, which activate the positive limb of the immune response. Second, I-J determinants appear to be specifically associated with the SAC, which induce suppressor T cells. Although these criteria can be used to distinguish the accessory cells involved in suppressor cell pathways from those controlling helper T cell induction, there were no discernible phenotypic differences among the accessory cells that induce the TS1, TS2, and TS3 subsets. PMID- 3155766 TI - Characterization of the suppressor cell(s) responsible for anterior chamber associated immune deviation (ACAID) induced in BALB/c mice by P815 cells. AB - Anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) is a complex set of immune responses induced by the inoculation of antigens into the anterior chamber of the eye. Histocompatibility antigens, tumor-specific antigens, reactive haptens, and viral antigens have been shown to induce this phenomenon, which comprises the following specific host responses: high titer humoral antibodies, primed cytotoxic T cells, but specifically, impaired skin graft rejection and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). Using the model system of ACAID induced by inoculation of P815 mastocytoma cells into the anterior chambers of H-2 compatible, but minor H-incompatible, BALB/c mice, we demonstrate that the impaired capacity of these animals to develop and express DTH is due to the activation of suppressor T cells. Generation of these cells requires an intact spleen, is not inhibited by cyclophosphamide pretreatment, and is abrogated by systemic treatment of the host with anti-I-J monoclonal antibodies. This splenic suppressor cell(s) can transfer suppression of DTH adoptively to naive syngeneic mice. One suppressor cell is Thy-1.2, Lyt-2.2, and I-Jd positive. A minority of these cells (or a second population of suppressor cells) also expresses the L3T4 surface marker. Suppression is exerted on the efferent limb of DTH expression, although afferent suppression is not excluded. P815-induced ACAID suppressor cells resemble similar cells induced by haptenated spleen cells inoculated into the anterior chamber of the eye. We propose that induction of these suppressor cells, whose target of action is selective for T DTH cells, but not for other types of T cells, is responsible for the phenomenon of immune privilege in the anterior chamber of the eye. PMID- 3155767 TI - Graft-vs-host reactions (GVHR) across minor murine histocompatibility barriers. I. Impairment of mitogen responses and suppressor phenomena. AB - In our laboratory, we have developed a murine model to examine GVHD across minor histocompatibility antigens. In our model, GVHD is induced by injecting B10.D2 spleen cells into irradiated BALB/c recipients. Seven to 10 days after irradiation and injection of cells, there are significant changes in cell function in the recipient spleens. In the B10.D2----BALB/c (600 rad) model, recipient spleen cells are profoundly unresponsive to Con A and LPS stimulation but show increased B cell activity measured by Staphylococcus aureus protein A plaque-forming activity. Spleen cells from such GVH mice profoundly suppress the mitogenic responses of normal BALB/c or B10.D2 spleen cells to Con A and LPS. The degree of impairment of the mitogenic response and the ability to suppress normal cells is proportional to the dose of cells used to induce GVH reactions. Both the inability to respond to mitogens and the capacity to suppress are also related to the dose of irradiation given to the recipients. In addition, immunosuppression across minor histocompatibility antigens shows an unevenhandedness. If we inject parental B10.D2 or BALB/c cells into F1 recipients (P----F1), there is greater inhibition of mitogenic responses when B10.D2 parental cells are given than when BALB/c cells are given to the irradiated F1 recipients. These experiments show that significant immunosuppression occurs during GVH reactions across minor histocompatibility barriers. The degree of suppression varies according to the dose of cells used to induce GVH, the dose of irradiation to the recipient and the "strength" of the GVH recognition system. Such experiments provide models for GVH disease seen in humans who receive treatment for leukemia or other diseases that involves recipient irradiation and infusion of HLA-identical bone marrow. PMID- 3155768 TI - Response of MRL/Mp-+/+ mice to mouse Sm: non-H-2-linked genes determine T cell recognition. AB - In normal mouse strains, the T cell proliferative response to the nuclear autoantigen Sm is under MHC-linked Ir gene control. Autoimmune MRL/Mp-+/+ (+/+) mice, which spontaneously make anti-Sm antibodies, have the nonresponder H-2k MHC genotype, yet their T cells respond to mouse Sm. In the present study, we have used Sm-reactive continuous T cell lines to show that the Sm responsiveness of +/+ T cells is not due to aberrancy of the Iak molecules expressed on +/+ antigen presenting cells. Additionally, the failure of normal Iak mouse strains to respond to mouse Sm could not be attributed to the influence of suppressor cells. Therefore, the response of +/+ mice to mouse Sm is probably due to the development of an abnormal repertoire of T cells capable of recognizing self antigens in the context of Ia. Analyses of F1 hybrid and backcross mice indicated that their responsiveness was inherited in a dominant manner, probably as a single gene not linked to H-2. Further investigation of this gene and its mode of action may lead to increased understanding of the mechanisms of spontaneous autoimmunity in SLE mice. PMID- 3155769 TI - Delayed reduction in T cell precursor frequencies accompanies diet-induced lifespan extension. AB - Recent experimentation has suggested that a decline in the proportion of lymphocytes that can respond to antigenic stimulation may contribute to the loss in immune function with increasing age. If a diminution of precursor frequency is a fundamental element of immunosenescence, then one would expect that manipulations which extend lifespan would also lead to a retarded decline in the measured proportion of reactive cell. Food restriction to about two-thirds of normal intake, initiated at weaning, has long been known to extend the lifespan of mice and rats. We show here that food restriction from weaning causes old mice to retain high levels of T cell precursors in both the helper and cytotoxic lineages. This association of delayed precursor cell loss with extended lifespan supports the hypothesis that changes in T cell precursor frequency may be a key component of age-related immunodeficiency. PMID- 3155770 TI - The isolation and characterization of the human suppressor inducer T cell subset. AB - Immunization of mice with lower primate lymphoid cells has provided a useful strategy for raising monoclonal antibodies against functionally important surface determinants on human T lymphocytes. We have developed a monoclonal antibody, anti-2H4, which defines functionally unique human T cell subsets. This anti-2H4 antibody was reactive with approximately 42% of unfractionated T cells, 41% of T4+ inducer cells, and was reactive with approximately 54% of T8+ cytotoxic/suppressor population. Anti-2H4 was not reactive with human thymocytes, but reacted with subsets of peripheral blood B cells and null cells. This antibody subdivided peripheral blood T4+ cells into two functionally distinct populations. The T4+2H4+ subset proliferate well to concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation, but poorly to soluble antigen stimulation, and provides poor help to B cells for PWM-induced Ig synthesis. The T4+2H4- subset, in contrast, proliferates poorly upon stimulation with Con A, but well on exposure to soluble antigen, and provides a good helper signal for PWM-induced Ig synthesis. What is, perhaps, most important, the T4+2H4+ subset functions as the inducer of the T8+ suppressor cells. Previous attempts to define the latter subset of cells has relied heavily on the use of specific autoantibodies present in the sera of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The present results suggest that anti-2H4 antibody defines the human suppressor induced subset of lymphocyte previously described as T4+JRA+. Last, the results reemphasize the previously documented remarkable structural conservation of certain T cell-specific determinants on lymphocytes of phylogenetically distant primates. PMID- 3155771 TI - Pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin secretion by peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with primary intracranial tumors. Characterization of T helper and B cell function. AB - We have previously demonstrated that patients with primary malignant brain tumors have impaired in vivo and in vitro cell-mediated immunity. The purpose of the present research was to employ pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced secretion of immunoglobulin (Ig) by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to further investigate impaired lymphocyte function in these patients. The PWM response of PBL from normal individuals averaged 8384 plaque-forming cells (PFC) per 10(6) cells, whereas the response of PBL from patients averaged 1590 PFC/10(6). The decreased PWM response of PBL patients could not be improved by varying the number of PBL placed in culture or employing different concentrations of PWM. Co-culture experiments to detect the presence of suppressor cells in PBL and purified T cell preparations from patients demonstrated that enhanced suppressor cell activity was not evident. Next, experiments were performed to assess the T-helper cell activity present in purified T cell preparations obtained from patients. The results demonstrated that T cells from patients lacked the ability to provide adequate helper activity in the PWM response. Moreover, studies with monoclonal antibodies directed against T cell subsets revealed that PBL from patients have a reduced percentage of T-helper cells (40%) as compared with normal values (55%). In concert with T-helper cell anomalies, B cell function in these patients also is diminished. Thus, these observations indicate that a combined T-helper and B cell defect may contribute to the broad impairment of host immunocompetence observed in patients with primary gliomas. PMID- 3155772 TI - The fate of IgE bound to rat basophilic leukemia cells. IV. Functional association between the receptors for IgE. AB - Rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) have receptors for immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). These receptors for IgE mediate the endocytosis of chemically or immunochemically cross-linked IgE but not monomeric IgE. However, unoccupied receptors were endocytosed with cross-linked IgE. To further assess the degree and specificity of the observed coendocytosis, we exposed cells carrying monomeric rat IgE and monomeric mouse IgE anti-DNP to a DNP-protein conjugate. We found that up to 30% of the surface-bound monomeric rat IgE redistributed at 0 to 4 degrees C and was then internalized at 37 degrees C with the immunochemically cross-linked mouse IgE. To assess the specificity of the coendocytosis, we exposed cells carrying monomeric rat IgE to immunochemically cross-linked mouse IgG. We found that the binding, patching, and endocytosis of cross-linked mouse IgG had no effect on the monomerically bound rat IgE. The rate of coendocytosis was the same as the rate of endocytosis (t 1/2 3 to 5 min). The extent of coendocytosis depended on the extent of endocytosis but was relatively insensitive to changes in the ratio between mouse and rat IgE over a broad range. These results indicate that some of the receptors for IgE are associated in a specific fashion. PMID- 3155773 TI - Fc receptors on cultured myeloma and hybridoma cells. AB - The specificity of the Fc gamma receptors on the X63.Ag8.653 nonproducing myeloma cell line has been examined for binding to IgG1-, IgG2a-, and IgG2b-containing antigen-antibody complexes. Complexes containing each of these subclasses bind, and the binding of each is inhibited by the others. Trypsin treatment did not inhibit the binding of any of these subclasses. Furthermore, the monoclonal anti Fc receptor antibody 2.4G2 inhibits the binding of all three subclasses. These results, together with those of other investigators, suggest that there is a single FcR for IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b on mouse B cells which differs in its specificity from the macrophage Fc gamma R. This is confirmed by the fact that a mutant IgG2b myeloma protein which binds to the macrophage Fc gamma 1/gamma 2b receptor does not bind to the Fc gamma R on X63.Ag8.653. PMID- 3155774 TI - Polymorphism of the C3b/C4b receptor (CR1): characterization of a fourth allele. AB - The receptor for C3b/C4b (C3bR or CR1) has an unusual polymorphism in which three codominant alleles determine variants with a large difference in Mr (160,000, 190,000, or 220,000). We found an individual who has, in addition to the common 190,000 Mr molecule, a C3bR whose Mr is 250,000. In this proband and in some members of his family, this novel heterozygous phenotype can be isolated from 125I surface-labeled cells by iC3 or iC4 affinity chromatography or by immunoprecipitation with the use of polyclonal or monoclonal anti-C3bR. Relative to the 190,000 Mr C3bR, E from individuals in this family have 20 to 30% of the total receptor counts in the 250,000 Mr C3bR. However, on C3bR-bearing leukocytes there is a much larger amount of the 250,000 Mr C3bR (approximately 60%) relative to the 190,000 Mr C3bR. Similar to the other three C3bR variants, the Mr is 5,000 greater on polymorphonuclear cells than on E, and treatment of this new C3bR with endoglycosidase F decreases its Mr by approximately 10,000. Therefore, because this variant is inherited and has structural and functional similarities to the other three C3bR, we conclude that this 250,000 Mr CR1 probably represents a fourth allele. PMID- 3155775 TI - PMA induces the ligand-independent internalization of CR1 on human neutrophils. AB - Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) has been reported to confer on the C3b receptor (CR1) of neutrophils a capacity for phagocytosis of particles bearing C3b without the involvement of other membrane receptors. In the present study, we employed a monoclonal antibody, YZ-1, that is specific for CR1 to assess the effect of PMA on plasma membrane expression of CR1, total cellular CR1, and internalization of CR1 by neutrophils. PMA had a biphasic effect on the membrane expression of CR1 by purified neutrophils, with 4 ng/ml inducing a 60% increment in receptor expression, and higher concentrations causing up to a 70% decrement. PMA dependent increases in CR1 expression were not accompanied by corresponding changes in total cellular CR1 and were preempted by treatment of cells with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). PMA-induced decreases in CR1 expression by neutrophils, as measured by binding of indirectly fluoresceinated or radiolabeled YZ-1, or of 125I-labeled dimeric C3b, were maximal with 20 to 30 ng/ml PMA, and occurred within 30 min of incubation at 37 degrees C. The PMA dependent down-regulation of CR1 by neutrophils was not associated with a comparable decrease in total cellular CR1, and this response was observed to occur also with monocytes but not with peripheral blood lymphocytes. By tagging neutrophil CR1 with 125I-YZ-1 Fab and monitoring accessibility to Protease, intracellular CR1 (inaccessible) was discriminated from receptor on plasma membrane (accessible). Internalization of CR1 occurred within 5 min after addition of PMA to neutrophils, was dose dependent, and involved up to two-thirds of the tagged receptors. Therefore, PMA caused internalization of CR1 by neutrophils in the absence of ligand, indicating that this response was independent of a transmembrane signal generated by a C3b-CR1 interaction. PMID- 3155776 TI - Murine TH response to influenza virus: recognition of hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, matrix, and nucleoproteins. AB - BALB/c mice were primed with type A influenza virus by footpad injection or by aerosol infection with PR8 [A/PR/8/34-(H1N1)]. Isolated T cells from draining lymph nodes were then tested for their proliferation in the presence of purified viral proteins hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, matrix, and nucleoprotein. Significant responses [( 3H]thymidine incorporation) were seen against each of the four proteins after either priming scheme. When helper T (TH) cell clones were isolated by hybridoma formation from two different strains of mice, responsiveness (interleukin 2 production) towards each protein was against apparent. Of 12 virus-specific T cell hybridomas isolated, four responded to matrix, three to nucleoprotein, one to neuraminidase, three to hemagglutinin, and one cell was of undefined specificity. Each hybridoma was also tested for recognition of the HK virus [A/Hong Kong/1/68-(H3N2)], which differs in subtype from the priming strain. All matrix-specific cells, two nucleoprotein-specific cells, and the cell of undefined specificity were cross-reactive with HK virus. H1-subtype specificity was seen for all hemagglutinin and neuraminidase-specific cells and one of the three nucleoprotein-specific cells. Because many virus immune TH cells recognize antigenically variable determinants, a significant fraction of TH cell function may be lost after virus evolution. When selecting priming schemes for long-term immunization against influenza, the isolated enhancement of TH cells recognizing conserved determinants on matrix and nucleoprotein may therefore be considered. PMID- 3155777 TI - Studies on the binding of C3b-coated microspheres to human neutrophils. AB - A method is described for the quantitation of C3b receptors on human neutrophils using a mixture of C3b-coated fluorescent and C3b-coated non-fluorescent microspheres. The method measures the "sterically available' C3b receptors on the cells, for example, the receptors available to opsonized bacteria. The use of mixtures of fluorescent and non-fluorescent microspheres resulted in lowered fluorescence intensities of the microsphere-coated neutrophils that were well within the fluorescence limitations of fluorescence activated cell analyzers or sorters used in the assay procedure. These mixtures also allowed the distribution of the C3b-coated microspheres around the neutrophils to be easily visualized in the fluorescence microscope. The binding of the C3b-coated microspheres to the neutrophils was shown to be receptor mediated by typical saturable binding kinetics, by complete inhibition by fluid phase C3b, but not by other proteins and by nearly complete inhibition by anti-C3b receptor antibody. Several parameters that could affect the binding of C3b-coated microspheres to neutrophils were studied; these included time and temperature of incubation of the microspheres with the cells, the diameter of the microspheres, the C3b content of the C3b-coated microspheres, the presence of metal ions, azide, EDTA, protein (BSA, IgG), soybean trypsin inhibitor in the buffers, and the method of isolation of the neutrophils. The C3b-coated microspheres were evenly distributed around the neutrophils in almost all of the cases; however, the neutrophils used in these studies were not activated and were not phagocytosing. The method is extremely reproducible and sensitive in detecting small changes in number of C3b receptors on cells. PMID- 3155779 TI - Prevention of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) to children of e antigen-positive HBV carrier mothers by hepatitis B immune globulin and HBV vaccine. AB - The efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) with two hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines was investigated for prevention of vertical transmission of HBV to infants born to e antigen-positive HBV carrier mothers. Infants received 150 mg of the F(ab')2 fraction of HBIG intravenously within 2 hr of delivery, and serum titers of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) were kept greater than 1:4 (passive hemagglutination) by subcutaneous injection of HBIG thereafter. HBV vaccine was started three or six months after delivery. Of 50 infants older than nine months, 49 were actively immunized against hepatitis B surface antigen. Vaccine containing alum adjuvant immunized the infants in a shorter period than did vaccine without adjuvant. Serum titers of anti-HBs of actively immunized infants were well maintained afterward. None of the infants treated with HBIG and HBV vaccine was positive for serum antibody to hepatitis B core antigen at 12 months of age. No side effects were observed. PMID- 3155780 TI - Ciprofloxacin as therapy for experimental osteomyelitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Ciprofloxacin, a new carboxyquinoline antimicrobial agent, was compared with tobramycin in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in rabbits. Treatment with tobramycin for four weeks was ineffective (94% had positive bone cultures). In contrast, ciprofloxacin administered for four weeks sterilized the bones of all but one (94%) of 18 treated rabbits. Treatment with ciprofloxacin for two weeks was less effective than treatment for four weeks but was more effective than either treatment with tobramycin or no therapy. Two of 10 isolates from rabbits treated with ciprofloxacin for two weeks were susceptible to MICs of ciprofloxacin that were 16- and fourfold greater than the MIC for the parent strain; the other eight isolates remained sensitive to ciprofloxacin with MICs equivalent to that of the parent strain. PMID- 3155781 TI - In situ localization of T lymphocytes in disseminated coccidioidomycosis. AB - Immunohistochemical techniques using monoclonal antibodies to T lymphocyte subpopulations were used to characterize further the granulomas of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Skin biopsy specimens from patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis were studied and compared with tissues from experimentally infected mice. In human skin biopsy specimens and infected mouse tissues, discrete granulomata were seen in which T lymphocytes formed a peripheral mantle surrounding central aggregates of macrophages. This unusual pattern of granuloma formation may represent an ineffective host response because these individuals are unable to clear their infection. Because of the close similarity of immunopathology in both human and mouse infections, the mouse model should serve as a useful tool in elucidating the factors contributing to ineffective host responses in systemic fungal infections. PMID- 3155778 TI - Prevention of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus: a comparison between the efficacy of passive and passive-active immunization in Korea. AB - In a study to compare the prophylactic efficacy of passive and passive-active immunization against hepatitis B virus (HBV) among newborn infants of HBV carrier mothers positive for hepatitis B e in Korea, both regimens resulted in effective protection against development of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg): 10 of 12 recipients of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and 25 of 29 recipients of HBIG and vaccine during nine months of follow-up. Among untreated controls in the same population just before the present study, 12 of 16 developed HBsAg within nine months of birth. Seven recipients of HBIG and vaccine and four untreated infants who had HBsAg in their blood at birth were excluded. The declining antibody levels in infants who received only HBIG as compared with the rising antibody levels in infants who received HBIG followed by three doses of HBV vaccine suggest that long-term protection will be seen only in the latter group. PMID- 3155782 TI - Increased blastogenic responses to worm antigen and loss of adherent suppressor cell activity after treatment for human infection with Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Fifteen Egyptian subjects infected with Schistosoma mansoni were evaluated parasitologically, clinically, and immunologically; treated with praziquantel; and reevaluated nine months later. Fecal egg counts were 97% lower after therapy; seven subjects no longer excreted eggs, as determined by Kato thick smears. Optimal [3H]thymidine incorporation induced by soluble adult worm antigenic preparation (SWAP) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) increased significantly, from 4,041 +/- 434 (mean change in cpm +/- SE) before treatment to 11,232 +/- 3,414 after treatment (P less than .0005). The relation between dose of antigen and response also shifted; the SWAP concentration producing optimal responses was 30.0 micrograms/ml before and 1.0 microgram/ml after therapy. Before treatment, depletion of adherent cells from PBMCs in six subjects resulted in enhancement of responses to SWAP from 5,575 +/- 1,210 to 14,719 +/- 8,190 (P less than .025). However, in these same individuals after treatment, PBMC and nonadherent lymphocyte responses were similar (22,917 +/- 6,505 and 21,239 +/- 6,122). These studies indicate loss of activity of adherent suppressor cells after treatment of chronic infection with S. mansoni. Waning of cellular regulatory mechanisms as the parasite load decreases may contribute to restoration of blastogenic responses. PMID- 3155783 TI - Heparin dosage during hemodialysis. PMID- 3155785 TI - Tightening eligibility criteria for special education services. PMID- 3155784 TI - Mainstreaming: from compliance to quality. PMID- 3155786 TI - Enhancement of hamster alveolar macrophage phagocytic activity by lymphokines. AB - Modulation of phagocytic activity of resident hamster pulmonary alveolar macrophages was accomplished by incubation of the cells in lymphokines prepared by stimulation of hamster splenocytes with concanavalin A or alloantigens in mixed lymphocyte cultures. Alveolar macrophages preincubated in either of these lymphokine preparations possessed significantly greater ability to ingest IgG or IgM plus complement-coated sheep erythrocytes, via their Fc or complement receptors, respectively, than macrophages exposed to control preparations. Ingestion of yeast particles also was enhanced with macrophages incubated in supernatants from cultures of stimulated splenocytes. Supernatant fluids from either mitogen- or alloantigen-stimulated splenocytes possessed migration inhibitory activity with characteristics similar to MIF from other animals; the phagocytosis-enhancing activity shared some of these characteristics. PMID- 3155787 TI - Permanent changes in the functional development of accessory sex organs and in fertility in male mice after neonatal exposure to cyproterone acetate. AB - Male mice were injected daily with cyproterone acetate for 10 consecutive days during one of the four following periods: 1-10 days, 11-20 days, 21-30 days or 31 40 days. At all stages studied cyproterone acetate caused a significant reduction in the relative weights of epididymis, vas deferens, preputial gland and seminal vesicle in males killed 24 h after the last injection; the androgen content (testosterone + dihydrotestosterone) of the accessory sex organs was also reduced but the differences were not always significant. Cyproterone acetate treatment from 1 to 10 days resulted in a definitive reduction in the relative weights of all accessory sex organs studied and when injected from 11 to 20 days in epididymis and vas deferens. When cyproterone acetate was injected after 20 days of age, the inhibition of sexual organ weights was reversible and at adulthood organs were normally developed. Cyproterone acetate treatment induced a high percentage of infertile males only when injected from 1 to 10 days. Spermatogenesis, androgen levels in plasma and accessory sex organs, and sexual behaviour were not affected in sterile males. These results suggest that the functional development of accessory sex organs can be permanently affected by short-term neonatal exposure to endogenous androgens. PMID- 3155788 TI - On the origin of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in the blood of fetal sheep. AB - Total sulphoconjugated and unconjugated dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and total oestrone were measured in plasma of intact sheep fetuses, fetuses hypophysectomized at 104-112 days and fetuses bilaterally adrenalectomized at 98 101 days. At 120-127 days, the mean concentrations of total DHA and oestrone in intact fetuses (n = 13) were 29.7 +/- 4.2 (S.E.M.) nmol/l and 14.3 +/- 2.8 nmol/l respectively. At term, the values for total DHA and oestrone in hypophysectomized fetuses (n = 13) of 18.0 +/- 1.9 nmol/l and 9.1 +/- 2.0 nmol/l were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than the intact group whereas in the adrenalectomized fetuses (n = 8) total DHA (80.8 +/- 13.0 nmol/l) was higher (P less than 0.05) and total oestrone values were similar to the intact animals. Intrafetal infusion of cortisol at term (1 mg/h for 84 h) raised levels of total oestrone in intact (n = 6; 12.3 +/- 2.9 vs 31.6 +/- 8.5 nmol/l) and adrenalectomized (n = 4; 14.2 +/ 2.6 vs 190.6 +/- 53.0 nmol/l) fetuses and of total DHA in hypophysectomized fetuses (n = 7; 16.0 +/- 1.9 vs 31.6 +/- 8.5 nmol/l) while infusion of ACTH (1 24) (5 micrograms/h) was without significant effect in any group. It is concluded that the ovine fetal adrenal in late pregnancy makes no significant contribution either to the high circulating concentrations of DHA sulphate or to the substrates for placental oestrogen synthesis. PMID- 3155789 TI - Increase in plasminogen activator in the involuting uterus of the postpartum rat. AB - Plasminogen activator (PA) activity in the rat uterus was measured at fixed intervals post partum in order to determine whether this serine protease increases during the acute remodelling of tissue which occurs in the involuting uterus. Plasminogen activator activity was measured by an indirect method based on the hydrolysis of the chromogenic substrate S-2251 by PA-generated plasmin. At the time of parturition the control level of PA activity was 0.033 +/- 0.018 (S.D.) mumol/4 mg uterine wet weight per 30 min. This activity increased fourfold to a peak of 0.131 +/- 0.036 at 3 days post partum, and then it declined steadily towards the control level during the next 7 days. Concomitantly, uterine weight decreased to 25% of the control weight by 3 days post partum, and it continued to decrease until day 15. In the 30 days post partum during which PA activity was monitored there was no significant change in plasmin inhibitors in the uterine extracts. The results suggest a correlation between PA activity and the process of tissue remodelling which occurs during involution of the rat uterus. This increase in PA might serve to activate a latent collagenase since the measured peak in PA activity happens to coincide with a reported increase in collagenolytic activity in the involuting rat uterus. PMID- 3155790 TI - Mechanisms maintaining enhancement of allografts. I. Demonstration of a specific suppressor cell. AB - DA rats treated with hyperimmune anti-PVG serum and grafted with (DA X PVG)F1 heart grafts in which graft survival was prolonged for greater than 75 d were used to examine the cellular mechanisms that maintain the state of specific unresponsiveness found in these animals. The capacity of lymphocytes from these animals to effect or inhibit graft rejection on adoptive transfer to irradiated heart-grafted hosts was tested. Spleen cell populations and the T cell subpopulation separated from spleen cells in vitro failed to restore rejection of PVG heart grafts in irradiated DA recipients but restored third party Lew graft rejection. Whole spleen cells had the capacity to suppress the ability of normal DA LNC to cause graft rejection, but T cells from spleen only delayed the restoration of rejection. LNC and recirculating T cells from rats with enhanced grafts adoptively restored PVG rejection, however. These studies show that the state of specific unresponsiveness that follows the induction of passive enhancement is dependent in part upon active suppression, which is induced or mediated by T lymphocytes. The recirculating pool of lymphocytes in these animals is not depleted of specific alloreactive cells with the capacity to initiate and effect rejection. Thus, these animals' unresponsiveness is not like that found in transplantation tolerance induced in neonatal rats, but is, in part, due to a suppressor response that can inhibit normal alloreactive cells' capacity to initiate and effect rejection. PMID- 3155792 TI - Immunogenicity of a five-microgram dose of hepatitis B vaccine. AB - The immunogenicity of a 5-micrograms dose of vaccine (H-B-Vax, MSD) was evaluated in 50 young adults (17-19 years). Results were compared to our previous studies using similarly prepared vaccines using 20 micrograms and 10 micrograms per dose with the same trial protocol in a comparable population. Seroconversion rates for the 5-micrograms doses of vaccine were 80% after the first dose and 98% after the second dose. The remaining participants did not develop anti-HBs in the course of the trial. These results are not significantly different from those observed in the 10-micrograms and 20-micrograms studies. The increase of anti-HBs titers was slower for the 5-micrograms group. High geometric mean titers were observed after booster vaccination, but lower for the 5 micrograms (3,591 mIU/ml) than for 10 micrograms (9,277 mIU/ml) and 20 micrograms (12,975 mIU/ml) doses. It is concluded that 5-micrograms dose of the vaccine is effectively immunogenic for young adults. PMID- 3155791 TI - Major histocompatibility complex-restricted, polyclonal B cell responses resulting from helper T cell recognition of antiimmunoglobulin presented by small B lymphocytes. AB - Anti-Ig has been widely used as a model for antigen receptor-mediated B cell activation. B cells activated with mitogenic concentrations of anti-Ig (approximately 10 micrograms/ml) become responsive to a set of T cell-derived, antigen-nonspecific helper factors that enable the B cells to proliferate, and, in some cases, mature to Ig secretion. In the present experiments, we show that anti-Ig can also be used as a model for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted, antigen-specific T-B cell collaboration. We used murine helper T cell lines and T cell hybridomas specific for a protein antigen, the F(ab')2 fragment of normal rabbit IgG. Small B cells are very efficient at presenting rabbit anti IgM or rabbit anti-IgD to these rabbit Ig-specific T cell lines and hybridomas, and the responding (initially) small B cells, appear to be the only antigen presenting cells required. Efficient presentation depends upon binding of rabbit antibody to mIg on the B cell surface. MHC-restricted recognition of rabbit Ig determinants on the B cell surface results in a polyclonal B cell response. This response is qualitatively different from the well-studied response to blastogenic concentrations of anti-Ig plus stable, T cell-derived helper factors, since it (a) requires 1,000-fold lower concentrations of anti-Ig, (b) involves helper T cell functions other than, or in addition to, the local production of the same stable helper factors, and (c) is largely MHC-restricted at the T-B cell level. PMID- 3155794 TI - Infrabladder "cup defect" following prostatectomy: recognition on bone scintigram. AB - Seventeen bone scintigrams, made after prostatectomy for proven or suspected carcinoma, showed a "cup defect" below the bladder. This defect was likely related to the volume of tissue removed at the time of transurethral prostatectomy. In two cases, the defect was not present on images made before prostatectomy but was clearly seen after the operation. The time of persistence of the "cup defect" is discussed, as well as the differential diagnosis of the finding. PMID- 3155793 TI - Therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer with hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy using a subcutaneous implanted pump. AB - Sixty-two patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma involving the liver were treated by hepatic intra-arterial chemotherapy using an implantable infusion pump. The 53 patients with metastases confined to the liver had a median survival (MS) of 17 months and an objective response rate of 32%. Four patients (8%) demonstrated a complete response (CR), with normal abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan results and plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, and 13 patients (25%) demonstrated a partial response (PR), with at least a 50% decrease in the liver lesions by CT scan and at least a 50% decrease in CEA levels. Thirty patients (57%) had stable disease (S), and six patients (11%) had no response (NR). Nine patients with extrahepatic tumor plus hepatic metastases had an MS of only 4.9 months. None of these patients had an objective response, and only four patients had S. Quality of response was clearly associated with longevity. Forty patients treated with floxuridine (FUDR) and mitomycin (M) (F + M) showed a 20% objective response rate, while the 13 patients treated with FUDR and dichloromethotrexate (DCMTX) (F + D) attained a 69% objective response rate. Although F + D treatment appears to be superior, there may have been selection biases that make such an observation only preliminary. Twenty-six (49%) of the 53 patients developed hepatitis during infusion chemotherapy, which resolved after temporary cessation of the chemotherapy. Of the 17 patients with CR or PR, 12 patients (71%) had hepatitis, whereas only 14 (39%) of the 36 patients with S or NR had hepatitis. Eleven patients had evidence of peptic ulceration by endoscopic examination during the infusion chemotherapy. All the ulcers healed after chemotherapy was discontinued. PMID- 3155795 TI - Mechanism of thallium extraction in pump perfused canine hearts. AB - Myocardial extraction of Tl has been postulated to depend on the rate of delivery (flow rate) and the metabolic state of tissue (ATPase activity). Experiments were performed to assess the role of these factors. In 22 arrested dog hearts the left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries were cannulated and pump perfused with oxygenated blood containing 204Tl. Isotope activity was determined in coronary sinus blood. The myocardial extraction ratio (E) of Tl varied inversely with flow, and the permeability-surface area product (PS) increased with increasing flow rates. These findings indicate that Tl uptake is flow dependent and can be analyzed with Renkin's capillary clearance theory. To assess the role of ATPase in Tl uptake, studies were also performed with blood containing ouabain. After introducing ouabain, coronary sinus blood Tl activity increased, approaching arterial activity, and E fell markedly. It was concluded that myocardial Tl uptake is mediated by ATPase. PMID- 3155796 TI - Enhanced adverse electrophysiologic effects of histamine after myocardial infarction in guinea pigs. AB - To evaluate the electrophysiological sensitivity of infarcted myocardium to histamine, we used microelectrodes to study its effects in isolated guinea-pig left ventricles 1 hr (acute), 24 hr (subacute) and 4 to 6 weeks (chronic) after multiple (6-8) ligations of the left coronary artery system. In both control and infarcted preparations, histamine (10(-8) to 10(-5) M) caused marked concentration-dependent increases in automaticity. Histamine also induced rhythm disturbances, including premature depolarizations, irregular patterns of spontaneous depolarization and spontaneous bursts of rapid ventricular activity. In each case, threshold concentrations for these effects were lowest in the preparations with infarcts. Cimetidine (10(-5) M) abolished the arrhythmogenic effects of histamine, whereas chlorpheniramine (10(-5) M) did not; beta adrenergic blockade induced by propranolol also had no effect. The effects of histamine were mimicked in normal hearts by the H2-agonist dimaprit. These data indicate that threshold concentrations of histamine induce rhythm disturbances in the setting of experimental myocardial infarction. We suggest histamine plays some role in arrhythmias associated with myocardial infarction in humans. PMID- 3155797 TI - Evidence for autoreceptor modulation of endogenous dopamine release from rabbit caudate nucleus in vitro. AB - This study was designed to determine if the release of endogenous dopamine (DA), like [3H]DA, is modulated by inhibitory autoreceptors. A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay was developed which was capable of detecting the basal efflux and electrically evoked overflow of endogenous DA and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), the primary DA metabolite. In the absence of neuronal uptake inhibitors the stimulation-evoked overflow of endogenous DA was entirely in the form of DOPAC, whereas overflow consisted primarily of DA in the presence of uptake inhibition. The evoked overflow of DA and DOPAC was abolished by reduction of the Ca++ concentration of the superfusion medium from 1.3 to 0.13 mM. The DA receptor antagonist sulpiride (1 microM) increased DOPAC overflow by 41%. Nomifensine (10 microM) increased slightly and cocaine (10 microM) decreased slightly the total overflow of endogenous compounds (DA plus DOPAC). Combination of nomifensine and sulpiride or cocaine and sulpiride increased total overflow of endogenous compounds by 217 and 120%, respectively, as compared to the neuronal uptake inhibitors alone. The DA receptor agonists apomorphine (0.3 microM) and bromocriptine (1 microM) inhibited DOPAC overflow by 92 and 83%, respectively. However, apomorphine and bromocriptine failed to inhibit endogenous DA release in the presence of nomifensine. Sulpiride antagonized the inhibitory effects of both apomorphine and bromocriptine. In experiments in which [3H]DA and endogenous DA overflow were measured simultaneously, radiolabeled DA behaved exactly like the endogenous transmitter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3155798 TI - Determination of lipid composition and thermal phase transition temperature in an enriched plasma membrane fraction from ram spermatozoa. AB - The preparation of a purified fraction of ram sperm plasma membranes is described and validated in this paper. Lipid analyses were performed on both the membrane preparation and whole spermatozoa; the main differences were that plasma membranes showed a significantly higher cholesterol: phospholipid molar ratio and a higher sphingomyelin content than did whole spermatozoa, but a lower proportional content of phosphatidylethanolamine. Enzymic assays revealed the presence of two distinct adenosine triphosphatase (ATPases) in the membrane fraction, activated independently by calcium and sodium ions. Arrhenius plots of the calcium-stimulated ATPase activity demonstrated that a change in energy of activation occurred in the region of 23 degrees C; it is believed that this is evidence for the occurrence of a thermal phase transition in the lipid environment of the enzyme molecules. PMID- 3155799 TI - Syntheses and complement inhibitory activities of 4-(2-phenyl-1H-indol-3 yl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acids. AB - The syntheses of 4-(2-phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acids are described. These compounds express potent in vitro inhibition of the human classical complement pathway, and qualitative SAR have been determined. Several of the in vitro active compounds also suppressed the complement dependent reverse passive Arthus reaction (RPAR) in guinea pigs. PMID- 3155800 TI - Mineralocorticoid properties of potential metabolites of 18 hydroxydeoxycorticosterone and 18-hydroxyprogesterone. AB - The high secretion rate of 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone in hypertensives and the steroids implication as a mineralocorticoid has led to the synthesis of potential di-, tetra-, and hexahydro metabolites of it and 18-hydroxy-progesterone. These potential metabolites have been synthesized by reduction of the double bond and the 3- and 20-ketones, singly or in combination. They have been evaluated for pro and antimineralocorticoid activity and their affinity for the renal aldosterone receptor. All except one of the potential metabolites either lack or have reduced mineralocorticoid activity and aldosterone receptor binding affinity. The exception is the 3-ketopregn-4-ene-18,20-diol which has high receptor affinity but functions as an aldosterone antagonist. PMID- 3155801 TI - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of whole-cell proteins of cutaneous Propionibacterium species. AB - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was applied to the study of whole-cell proteins of cutaneous propionibacteria in an attempt to characterise possible protein patterns that may be typical for strains isolated from acne skin. Isolates were obtained from the faces of 33 individuals aged 7-16 years. Some of these subjects had apparently normal healthy skin, whereas others had acne vulgaris of varying severity. Twenty-five facial isolates of Propionibacterium acnes and eight of P. granulosum were studied. A further seven axillary strains of P. avidum were included for purely taxonomic interest. No particular protein pattern was characteristic of an isolate from acne skin; in fact the P. acnes strains from all sources appeared to be identical. PMID- 3155802 TI - Bacteriophage phi X174 A protein cleaves single-stranded DNA and binds to it covalently through a tyrosyl-dAMP phosphodiester bond. AB - The phi X174 A protein cleaves single-stranded DNA and binds covalently to the 5' phosphorylated end. To determine the nature of the covalent linkage and the amino acid involved, we used the A protein to cleave DNA synthesized in vitro with [alpha-32P]dATP to form the complex of A protein covalently linked to single stranded DNA. The complex was then digested with DNase I, and the 32P-labeled A protein was isolated by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. The isolated complex was treated extensively with trypsin, and the released peptide oligonucleotide complexes were incubated with formic acid and diphenylamine (Burton reaction). The Burton reaction caused a transfer of the labeled phosphate from dAMP to the peptide. The labeled phosphopeptides were isolated and hydrolyzed, revealing a linkage of the phosphate to a tyrosine. These results indicate that the A protein cleaves single-stranded DNA and binds covalently to the 5'-phosphorylated terminus by a tyrosyl-dAMP phosphodiester bond. PMID- 3155803 TI - Gene K of bacteriophage phi X174 codes for a protein which affects the burst size of phage production. AB - Site-directed mutagenesis has been used to produce a T----A change at nucleotide 70 of phi X174 genome. This generates an am codon, TAG, in the gene K reading frame without affecting the amino acid, leucine, encoded by the overlapping gene A. The gene K mutant produces small plaques on su- hosts. It has an identical latent period, but a more reduced burst size than that of the wild-type phi X174. The reduced burst size in the gene K mutant suggests that the gene K protein, although not essential, has a role in increasing infectivity by increasing the burst size three- to sixfold. PMID- 3155804 TI - Experimental photodynamic treatment of canine bladder. AB - In urology, important limiting factors in the application of hematoporphyrin derivative and photodynamic therapy appear to be the problems of standardization of dosimetry and the technique of transurethral photoradiation. Experimental photodynamic therapy on canine bladder with normal and altered epithelium was performed using an argon laser as an energy source. A 630 nanometer wavelength of light was delivered through a quartz-optical fiber with either a regular flat end for focal illumination or a bulb-type end which produced an isotropic light pattern. It was demonstrated that normal canine bladder was resistant to photodynamic therapy and that the bulb tip produced whole bladder illumination. With a moderate light dose of 18 to 30 Joules/cm.2 the effect following whole bladder illumination on the bladder was generalized and superficial. This approach appears to be ideal for treating superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Additional work is needed in selecting appropriate energy doses. PMID- 3155807 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Phytophotodermatitis among grocery workers. PMID- 3155806 TI - Comparative study of ceftriaxone and spectinomycin for treatment of pharyngeal and anorectal gonorrhea. AB - Of the currently recommended regimens for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea, only aqueous penicillin G procaine is effective against infections at all sites. However, procaine penicillin is not effective against penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae and suffers from poor patient acceptability owing to the 10 mL volume of injection and allergic and toxic procaine reactions. Ceftriaxone is a new extended-spectrum cephalosporin with a long serum half-life and is many times more active than penicillin G against both beta-lactamase-positive or negative strains of N gonorrhoeae. Ceftriaxone was compared as a single, 125-mg, 0.5-mL injection with a single 2-g injection of spectinomycin in difficult to treat pharyngeal gonorrhea in men and women and anorectal gonorrhea of men. Ceftriaxone cured 30/32 (94%) pharyngeal and 52/52 anorectal infections, compared with 6/14 (43%) and 9/9, respectively, for spectinomycin. Both regimens were well tolerated. Ceftriaxone may prove to be a drug of choice for uncomplicated gonorrhea, particularly where homosexual men are treated and/or penicillinase producing N gonorrhoeae is prevalent. PMID- 3155808 TI - Toxic effects of marine plywood. PMID- 3155805 TI - Hematoporphyrin derivative photochemotherapy of experimental bladder tumors. AB - Recent studies have shown that disruption of tumor blood flow is a major consequence of hematoporphyrin derivative photochemotherapy. A series of experiments was undertaken on the transplantable N-(4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2 thiazolyl)-formamide induced urothelial tumor in Fischer 344 rats to determine a dose response for both hematoporphyrin derivative and light. Tumor blood flow was used as the biologic criteria of response. Hematoporphyrin derivative doses of 10 micrograms./gm. body weight or above were necessary to cause a significant decrease in tumor blood flow when the tumors were illuminated with 360 joules/cm.2 of noncoherent red light (greater than 590 nm.). With a constant hematoporphyrin derivative dose of 20 micrograms./gm. body weight, significantly lower tumor blood flows were observed with fluences of 240 joules/cm.2 and above. In order to correlate dose response to tumor regression, experiments were done in which tumor dry weights were determined 3 weeks after completion of photochemotherapy (360 joules/cm.2). Hematoporphyrin derivative doses of 10 micrograms./gm. body weight or above were necessary to induce tumor regression. These studies support the hypothesis that disruption of tumor blood flow is a tumoricidal mechanism of hematoporphyrin derivative photochemotherapy. PMID- 3155809 TI - Treatment of low-back pain. PMID- 3155811 TI - A possible systemic reaction to hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 3155810 TI - Intubation of the trachea in the critical care setting. PMID- 3155812 TI - Serological response to syphilis treatment. A new analysis of old data. AB - One important aspect of the posttreatment evaluation of patients with early syphilis is assessment of serological test results. Using information previously collected from 818 patients in the Early Syphilis Study, we evaluated the seroresponse of people treated for primary or secondary syphilis. We generated curves describing the VDRL titer declines with time. The VDRL titer declined approximately fourfold at three months and eightfold at six months. These observations will allow clinicians to identify treatment failures or reinfections at the earliest possible time during their follow-up. PMID- 3155813 TI - Decreasing potassium conductance--a possible mechanism of phasic coronary vasospasm. PMID- 3155814 TI - Selective enhancement of hypoxic cell killing by melphalan via thiol depletion: in vitro studies with hypoxic cell sensitizers and buthionine sulfoximine. AB - The relationship between thiol depletion and its enhancement of melphalan (L-PAM) cytotoxicity was studied with the use of V-79-379A Chinese hamster cells in vitro. Selective killing of hypoxic cells by use of a specific and nonspecific reducer of endogenous cellular thiols was the approach used in combining drugs with disparate mechanisms of action. Noncytotoxic concentrations of agents were employed in those experiments designed to mimic a practical scheme for their implementation in vivo. Cells made hypoxic by gassing in suspension with 95% nitrogen and 5% CO2 were treated with buthionine S-R-sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of glutathione synthesis and a hypoxic cell sensitizer (i.e., either misonidazole or SR-2508) before their exposure to the alkylating agent. Cellular loss of nonprotein thiols by treatment with BSO correlated with enhanced L-PAM toxicity; however, a far greater effect was achieved when this enzymatic inhibitor was used in combination with a hypoxic cell sensitizer. This chemopotentiation of hypoxic cell killing by L-PAM, along with little potentiation of toxic cell killing, indicated the practical and potential benefit of this sort of drug therapy in vivo. PMID- 3155815 TI - Suppression of B-lymphocyte function by T-lymphocytes in patients with advanced lung cancer. AB - The ability of B-lymphocytes to produce immunoglobulins in response to pokeweek mitogen stimulation was studied in 21 untreated stage III lung cancer patients by culture of their mononuclear cells in vitro. The number of immunoglobulin producing cells was significantly lower in 20 of the 21 patients when compared to responses shown by normal control subjects. In contrast, the proliferative responses of many of the patients were within the normal range. When the T lymphocytes of these patients were irradiated with 1,250 rad to eliminate the suppressor T-cell activity and then cultured with autologous B-cells, the number of immunoglobulin-producing cells was enhanced to the normal range in 7 of the 18 patients. These results indicate that B-cell function is impaired in most patients with advanced lung cancer. They also suggest that, in addition to suppression by radiosensitive suppressor T-cells, other mechanisms are involved in the observed B-cell functional abnormality. PMID- 3155816 TI - Acetyl glycerylphosphorylcholine aggregates human platelets through two distinct pathways, both dependent on arachidonic acid metabolism. AB - Acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) is a mediator of inflammation and anaphylaxis, released from IgE-sensitized basophils when exposed to antigens. Convincing evidence shows that AGEPC is synthesized by inflammatory cells, and its mechanism of action has been extensively studied with particular interest focusing on platelet stimulation, the key event initiating the inflammatory cascade. However, widely different results have been reported so that the mode of action of AGEPC in activating platelets is still largely obscure. The objective of this investigation was to elucidate whether AGEPC stimulates human platelets independently from arachidonate metabolism, as previously suggested, and to define the role of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in inhibiting AGEPC mediated platelet activation. Irreversible platelet aggregation in vitro occurred at low AGEPC concentrations, was dose dependent, and was accompanied by thromboxane A2 formation. Aspirin inhibited irreversible aggregation induced by low AGEPC concentrations. A thromboxane inhibitor, UK-37, 248-01, failed to affect AGEPC aggregation, suggesting a crucial role for cyclic endoperoxides in AGEPC's mechanism of action. A thromboxane/endoperoxide receptor antagonist 13 azaprostanoic acid prevented irreversible platelet aggregation induced by low AGEPC concentrations. The inhibiting effect of aspirin on AGEPC aggregation could be overcome by increasing the concentration of the agonist by a factor of 10, unless a lipoxygenase inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, or 5,8,11,14 eicosatetraynoic acid was previously added to platelet-rich plasmas. The phospholipase inhibitor, mepacrine, completely suppressed human platelet aggregation induced by AGEPC. These results indicate that AGEPC induces irreversible aggregation in human platelets by two distinct pathways, both dependent upon arachidonic acid metabolism: a cyclooxygenase-dependent one at low AGEPC concentrations and a cyclooxygenase-independent one, possibly mediated through the formation of lipoxygenase products, at high AGEPC concentrations. PMID- 3155817 TI - Effect of venous retroperfusion on experimental myocardial ischemia in the open chest pig. AB - Venous retroperfusion, by arterialization of the coronary sinus or the vein accompanying an ischemic artery, has been suggested as an alternative method of myocardial revascularization in patients with severe coronary disease in whom direct revascularization would be an unacceptable risk or technically impossible. This study was carried out to assess whether or not venous retroperfusion can increase myocardial blood flow in the area of ischemia after sudden occlusion of a normal coronary artery in an animal, the pig, with a coronary vasculature similar to that of humans. It was found that net flow measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter through either an aorta-to-coronary sinus shunt or an aorta-to-left anterior descending coronary vein shunt after occlusion of the left anterior descending artery was at first high but rapidly decreased toward zero flow within 1 hr. Blood flow in the ischemic region measured by the microsphere method 20 min after coronary occlusion did not increase. This disparity between electromagnetic flow and regional flow suggests that there are venous-to thebesian or venous-to-venous shunts into the systemic and pulmonary circulation through vessels greater than 14 micron. It is unlikely that effective oxygen or metabolite exchange would occur in vessels this size. PMID- 3155818 TI - Partial replacement of the left ventricular free wall with a Dacron graft: a 14 year follow-up. AB - The 14 year follow-up is presented of a patient in whom the free wall of the left ventricle was replaced with a Dacron graft subsequent to a self-inflicted gunshot wound. The excellent surgical results are evidenced by a benign clinical course and confirmed physiologically by serial exercise tests and anatomically by repeat angiocardiography. PMID- 3155820 TI - [Teaching roentgenology in related departments of a medical institute]. AB - The authors describe a continuity of study of roentgenology in the Omsk Medical Institute. The teaching process is divided into 4 stages: the initial level of knowledge to study general roentgenology (year I-III), general roentgenology (year III), applied roentgenology (clinical chairs, year IV-VI), clinical roentgenology (postdiploma training). PMID- 3155819 TI - In vitro effects of toxaphene on mitochondrial calcium ATPase and calcium uptake in selected rat tissues. AB - In vitro effects of toxaphene on Ca2+-ATPase activity and 45Ca2+-uptake were studied in mitochondrial fractions of heart, kidney and liver tissues of rat. Mitochondrial fractions were prepared by the conventional centrifugation method. Ca2+-ATPase activity was determined by measuring the inorganic phosphate liberated during ATP hydrolysis. Toxaphene inhibited Ca2+-ATPase in a concentration dependent manner in all the three tissues. Substrate activation kinetics, with heart, kidney and liver tissue fractions, revealed that toxaphene inhibited Ca2+-ATPase activity non-competitively by decreasing the maximum velocity of the enzyme without affecting the enzyme-substrate affinity. Toxaphene also inhibited mitochondrial 45Ca2+-uptake in the three selected tissues in a concentration dependent manner. These results indicate that toxaphene is an inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca2+-ATPase and calcium transport in heart, kidney and liver tissues of rat. PMID- 3155821 TI - [Recent triiodinated contrast media for oral cholecystocholangiography]. PMID- 3155822 TI - Suboptimal response to hepatitis B vaccine given by injection into the buttock. PMID- 3155824 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercies. Case 8-1985. A 2-year-old girl with Down's syndrome and evidence of pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 3155823 TI - Risk of AIDS in recipients of hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 3155825 TI - Percutaneous coronary angioplasty vs. bypass surgery. PMID- 3155827 TI - Dementia of the Alzheimer's type and Huntington's disease. AB - At age 48, a man with a family history of Huntington's disease developed nervousness, depression, chorea, and dementia. He died at age 68, and his brain showed characteristic findings of both Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Only one other patient has had neuropathologic findings of both diseases. PMID- 3155826 TI - Evolution of catalytic and regulatory sites in phosphorylases. AB - Glycogen phosphorylase (E.C.2.4.1.1) was the first enzyme shown to be regulated by allosteric effectors and by protein phosphorylation. Transcriptional control of bacterial phosphorylases further extends the range of regulatory mechanisms by which phosphorylases contribute to the control of carbohydrate metabolism. Despite their regulatory differences, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties and a strongly conserved pyridoxal-5'-phosphate binding site; this makes phosphorylases highly attractive for investigations into the evolution of regulatory mechanisms. The primary and tertiary structure of rabbit muscle phosphorylase has been determined completely. Recently, comparable amino acid sequences from plants and bacteria have been resolved. Here we report the sequence of 687 amino acids of Escherichia coli maltodextrin phosphorylase, deduced from a cloned malP gene sequence. Alignment of animal and bacterial phosphorylase sequences shows strong homology (48%) throughout 91% of the polypeptide chain enclosing the extrinsic catalytic region. Within this region, structural homology identifies a presumed phosphate-binding site from which the allosteric 5' AMP binding site of rabbit muscle phosphorylase might have developed. From the decreased alignment at the N-terminus and the presence of additional residues compared with bacterial phosphorylases, we conclude that the regulatory sequences that also carry the phosphorylation site in the muscle enzyme were joined to a presumed ancestral precursor gene by gene fusion after separation of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic lines of descent. PMID- 3155828 TI - Management of the ambulatory older patient. PMID- 3155829 TI - Clinical opportunities in dentistry for the elderly and other underserved groups. PMID- 3155830 TI - Role of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate as a prehormone for ovarian steroidogenesis. AB - The endocrine effects of induction of ovulation with menotropins were studied in 43 patients: 11 with hypothalamic amenorrhea and 32 with the polycystic ovary syndrome. Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome had higher base-line values of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17 beta estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, and a higher testosterone-free index than those with hypothalamic amenorrhea. During treatment with menotropins, patients with polycystic ovary syndrome had higher values of serum LH, prolactin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, percent free testosterone, testosterone-free index, and body weight than those with hypothalamic amenorrhea; serum FSH, dose of menotropins per kilogram body weight, and total follicular volume were higher in patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea than in those with polycystic ovary syndrome. Multiple linear regression after log transformation demonstrated that the testosterone-free index was predicted statistically by total ovarian volume and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and that serum 17 beta-estradiol was predicted statistically by total ovarian volume and testosterone-free index. Adding dexamethasone to menotropins in six patients with polycystic ovary syndrome produced significant decreases in 17 beta-estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, and testosterone-free index. Higher concentrations of endogenous serum LH and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome in comparison with those with hypothalamic amenorrhea were associated with higher concentrations of serum testosterone, a lower total follicular volume, and an effective response to menotropins at a lower serum FSH and a lower dose of menotropins per kilogram body weight. These data suggest that serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate may be a precursor for ovarian steroidogenesis. PMID- 3155831 TI - Transient myocardial ischemia of the newborn infant. AB - Ten full-term newborn infants with transient myocardial ischemia developed radiographic evidence of cardiomegaly and pulmonary venous congestion within the first few hours of life. In five patients, radiographic findings returned to normal during the first week of life. In the remaining five patients, radiographic findings improved within the second week and eventually became normal. Echocardiography done on six patients demonstrated left ventricular dysfunction in all six patients. Those infants with documented perinatal insults tend to have a protracted clinical course with eventual recovery. Pathophysiology and clinical course are discussed. PMID- 3155832 TI - Orbital infarction in sickle cell disease. AB - Bone infarction is common in sickle cell disease; however, involvement of the orbit is not. Only four cases have been reported in the English literature. We describe a patient who presented with headache, proptosis and lid edema due to infarction of the sphenoid bone. The combination of radionuclide bone imaging and computed tomography (CT) of the orbit were useful in differentiating bone infarction from other etiologies of proptosis. PMID- 3155833 TI - Potential of moxalactam and other new antimicrobial agents for bilirubin-albumin displacement in neonates. AB - The effects of several novel antibiotics on in vitro binding of bilirubin to human serum albumin were investigated. At physiologic bilirubin-albumin ratios and pH values, aztreonam, imipenem, azlocillin, enoxacin and ciprofloxacin did not compete with bilirubin at drug concentrations less than 900 micrograms/mL. Cefoperazone caused an apparent increase in unbound bilirubin only at concentrations greater than 35 microM (330 micrograms/mL). Moxalactam, however, caused a linear increase in unbound bilirubin, greater than that seen with sulfisoxazole, over the entire range of antibiotic concentrations. These results may have implications for the use of these newer antimicrobial agents in neonatal infections. PMID- 3155835 TI - Back pain. One. Shouldering the load. PMID- 3155834 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases: Prevention of hepatitis B virus infections. PMID- 3155836 TI - Back pain. Two. Out of court, out of mind. PMID- 3155837 TI - Back pain. Three. Shops that bend over backwards. PMID- 3155839 TI - [Diabetes in adolescence. The adult diabetes physician point of view]. PMID- 3155838 TI - Diagnosis-specific home care. The Park Nicollet model. PMID- 3155840 TI - [Effect of clinical hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism on patent diabetes. 59 cases]. AB - Fifty-nine patients with both clinical evidence of thyroid dysfunction and patent diabetes mellitus were investigated in our diabetology department. Patients with euthyroid goitre and iatrogenic or pituitary hypothyroidism were excluded from the study. Among the 45 diabetics with hyperthyroidism, 32 had Graves' disease and 13 had toxic adenoma; 71% were insulin-treated. Hyperthyroidism had passed unnoticed in 7 of these 32 patients because fatigue and loss of weight, which initially were the predominant or sole symptoms, are extremely frequent in uncontrolled diabetes. These symptoms, as well as polyuria, polyphagia and even sweating are common to both diseases. Considerable deterioration in the control of glycaemia was observed in 63% of the insulin-treated patients when hyperthyroidism developed, with a 17 to 212% (mean 82%) increase in insulin dosage in 53%. There was no correlation between the degree of hyperthyroidism and the loss of control. Following treatment of the hyperthyroidism, control was improved in 63%, with an 11-83% (mean 44%) decrease in insulin dosage in 59% of them. Insulin therapy could be withdrawn in only one of the 32 insulin-treated patients. Non-iatrogenic primary hypothyroidism was found in 0.2% of the diabetics investigated. This incidence was significantly higher than the calculated probability of the two diseases occurring by chance in the same patient. Eleven out of 14 patients were insulin-treated. When hypothyroidism developed, 73% of them had their insulin dosage reduced, with a high frequency of hypoglycaemic disorders: repeated "malaise" in 55% and coma in 27%. A higher proportion of vitiligo was also noted: 14% in the total patient population reported, and 18% in insulin-treated patients. PMID- 3155841 TI - [Prevention of postoperative lymphocele after breast amputation]. AB - Closed suction drainage is widely used after modified radical mastectomy to prevent accumulation of serum or lymph and to promote adherence of the skin flaps to the chest wall. However, between 5 and 35% of the patients develop seroma, which may prolong their stay in hospital and require more frequent post-operative outpatient visits. The prospective study reported demonstrate a significant correlation between the incidence of post-operative seromas, the duration of suction drainage and the amounts of fluid drained. The incidence of seroma also correlated significantly with the patient's age, the size of the breast removed, the presence of arterial hypertension and the post-operative use of heparin. Pre operative radiotherapy and the TNM type of the tumour had no effect on the duration and volume of drainage nor on the occurrence of seromas. A drainage of short duration and a short stay in hospital are advocated for most mastectomy patients. Delayed mobilization of the shoulder should decrease the volume of accumulated fluid and the incidence of seromas. PMID- 3155842 TI - [The anterior interosseous nerve syndrome. A rare lesion of a median nerve branch in the forearm. A case]. AB - Apparently spontaneous and isolated lesions of the anterior interosseous nerve--a purely motor branch of the median nerve in the forearm--are extremely rare. Their clinical manifestations are fairly stereotyped, consisting of paralysis restricted to the long flexor muscle of the thumb, the deep flexor muscle of the index finger and the quadrate pronator muscle, without sensory disorders. The diagnosis is confirmed by electromyography. The syndrome may caused by traumas of the forearm or may develop spontaneously, although underlying anatomical abnormalities which may act as predisposing factors are not infrequently found in this case. The natural outcome may be favourable, but surgery may be required to release the nerve. PMID- 3155843 TI - [Choice of a statistical test in a clinical or therapeutic study]. AB - The results of clinical trials are only valid if the right statistical test for the type of study performed is applied. The authors suggest a method, accessible to all physicians, that should facilitate the choice between various tests and enable the readers of clinical trial papers to detect errors in the presentation of the results. Starting from an answer to four questions (what kind of data is investigated, how many samples are studied and are they independent, and what is the purpose of the study?) the mental process is developed in the form of a flow chart, each terminal branch of which leads to the correct statistical test or tests. PMID- 3155844 TI - [Terminalized lateral colostomy]. AB - Complete diversion of the digestive transit requires intestinal section and terminal rather than lateral colostomy. This can now be achieved by using a mechanical stapler to obturate temporarily the distal end of the colonic segment bearing a conventional lateral colostomy, then performing an extra-mucosal anastomosis to re-establish continuity. This technique can be applied to protect low colonic anastomoses or to treat a minor anastomotic disruption. It can also be extended to ileostomy. PMID- 3155846 TI - [Tricholeukocytic leukemia complicated by a bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]. PMID- 3155847 TI - [Leukemic transformation of Shwachman's syndrome]. PMID- 3155845 TI - [Left atrial myxoma disclosed by neurologic disorders and pseudolupic skin manifestations. Value of skin biopsy]. PMID- 3155849 TI - [Occurrence of sulfhemoglobinemia 10 years after the diagnosis of multiple myeloma]. PMID- 3155848 TI - [Central pancytopenia secondary to the ingestion of carbamates]. PMID- 3155850 TI - [Ultrasonic discovery of a latent thyroid adenocarcinoma associated with a parathyroid adenoma]. PMID- 3155852 TI - [Be careful with posterior pituitary gland]. PMID- 3155851 TI - [Postpartum amenorrhea with hyperprolactinemia disclosing a transient hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3155853 TI - [Meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy, a privileged procedure for localizing pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 3155854 TI - [Multiple sclerosis. Current etiopathogeny]. PMID- 3155855 TI - [Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome associated with a yersiniosis]. PMID- 3155856 TI - [Apropos of the nephrotoxicity of antitumoral drug therapy]. PMID- 3155857 TI - [Mental neuropathy in a multiple myeloma]. PMID- 3155858 TI - Inhibition by 2,5-anhydromannitol of glycolysis in isolated rat hepatocytes and in Ehrlich ascites cells. AB - 2,5-Anhydromannitol decreases lactate formation and 3H2O formation from [5 3H]glucose in isolated rat hepatocytes metabolizing high concentrations of glucose. The inhibition of glycolysis is accompanied by a slight decrease in the cellular content of fructose-6-P and a more substantial decrease in the cellular content of fructose-1,6-P2, with no change in the content of glucose-6-P. The 3H2O release data and changes in hexosephosphate distribution indicate possible inhibitions at phosphofructokinase-1 and phosphoglucose isomerase. 2,5 Anhydromannitol also inhibits glycolysis in Ehrlich ascites cells, but the tumor cells, unlike hepatocytes, must be treated with 2,5-anhydromannitol prior to exposure to glucose to obtain the inhibition. The decrease in 3H2O formation from [5-3H]glucose and the metabolite pattern that results from the addition of low concentrations (less than or equal to 0.25 mM) of 2,5-anhydromannitol indicate an inhibition at phosphofructokinase-1 that cannot be attributed to a decrease in the cellular content of fructose-2,6-P2. Higher concentrations (greater than or equal to 0.5 mM) of 2,5-anhydromannitol cause a substantial decrease in the cellular content of ATP that is accompanied by decreases in the content of glucose-6-P and fructose-6-P and transient increases in fructose-1,6-P2. In Ehrlich ascites cells, 2,5-anhydromannitol is metabolized to 2,5-anhydromannitol mono- and bisphosphate. The inhibition of glycolysis caused by 2,5-anhydromanitol decreases with time, because the phosphorylated metabolites formed during the preliminary incubation in the absence of glucose are rapidly dephosphorylated during the incubation in the presence of glucose. PMID- 3155859 TI - Maximizing gene expression from plasmid vectors containing the lambda PL promoter: strategies for overproducing transcription termination factor rho. AB - We have constructed two plasmids in which transcription of the rho gene from Escherichia coli K-12 is under the control of the lambda phage PL promoter. In p31-356, the normal rho promoter is deleted, but the remainder of the rho leader region, including the ribosome binding site, is present. In p39-AS, the rho leader is completely absent, and the lambda cII ribosome binding site replaces that of rho. Under noninducing conditions, expression of rho protein from these plasmids is repressed by the lambda cI protein in hosts carrying lambda cryptic prophage. Induction using mitomycin C or nalidixic acid in a cryptic lysogen carrying the cI+ repressor resulted in the overproduction of rho protein to levels of 3%-5% of the total cellular protein with p31-356, and to levels of approximately equal to 40% with p39-AS. The overproduced protein is functionally indistinguishable from the rho protein isolated from the K-12 strain W3110, and it can be obtained from cells harboring p39-AS in yields of up to 25 mg of rho per g of cells. In contrast to chemical induction, heat induction in four cryptic lambda lysogens carrying the thermolabile cI857 repressor failed to yield the same high levels of rho protein (with either plasmid). Our results show that chemical induction of PL-containing plasmid expression vectors can serve as a convenient and useful alternative to the commonly used method of heat induction. PMID- 3155860 TI - Modulation of stoichiometry of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump may enhance thermodynamic efficiency. AB - The coupling of calcium transport to ATP hydrolysis in rabbit muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles was determined under steady-state conditions in the presence of 5 mM oxalate and using various concentrations of vesicles to modulate the concentration of free Ca2+ in the medium. This experimental approach takes advantage of the fact that at high concentrations of vesicles the slow rate of liberation of Ca2+ from its oxalate complex becomes rate limiting for pumping, therefore pushing the steady-state levels of this cation to very low values. A reduction in the number of calcium ions transported per ATP cleaved from a value near 2 at a low concentration of vesicles (high medium Ca2+ concentration) to a limiting value of about 1 at a very high concentration of vesicles (low medium Ca2+ concentration) was observed. A marked decrease in the specific ATPase activity was also found to take place as the concentration of the sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles was increased to high levels and the concentration of medium Ca2+ declined. The data presented indicate that binding of 1 Ca2+ to the sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase is sufficient to activate the pump. Furthermore, these findings support the existence of a control mechanism for the calcium pump that helps to avoid a futile cycle of ATP cleavage with no net transport of calcium and that increases the pumping capability at low concentrations of free Ca2+. PMID- 3155861 TI - B cells that simultaneously express surface IgM and IgE in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-infected SJA/9 mice do not provide evidence for isotype switching without gene deletion. AB - Recently, it has been reported that in SJA/9 mice infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis there are increased numbers of lymphoid cells positive for surface IgM and IgE (sIgM+ and sIgE+) even though they fail to secrete IgE, that both the sIgM and sIgE on these cells are intrinsic, and that there has been no deletion of genes for the Ig heavy chain constant region in these cells. These observations support a nondeletional model for Ig isotype switching. We have now reexamined the nature of sIgE on sIgE+ spleen and mesenteric lymph node cells of N. brasiliensis-infected SJA/9 mice, and the following observations lead us to believe that this sIgE is cytophilic rather than intrinsic: (i) Only approximately 50% of the N. brasiliensis-infected SJA/9 mice have detectable percentages of sIgE+ lymphoid cells. All mice with detectable sIgE+ lymphocytes have lymphocytes positive for intracytoplasmic IgE (cIgE+) and secrete IgE in vitro, while cIgE+ cells and IgE secretion are absent from N. brasiliensis infected SJA/9 mice that lack sIgE+ cells. (ii) SJA/9 B lymphocytes have receptors for IgE: expression of these receptors is increased in N. brasiliensis infected mice that have sIgE+ lymphocytes, but not in infected SJA/9 mice that lack sIgE+ lymphocytes. (iii) Treatment of sIgM+ sIgD+ sIgE+ cells for 1 min with dilute acid removes most sIgE but does not affect expression of sIgM or sIgD. (iv) The removal of mouse IgE from sIgE+ B cells facilitates the binding of exogenous rat IgE. (v) The small amount of sIgE that is reexpressed during a period of in vitro culture after acid treatment is blocked by inclusion of exogenous rat IgE in the culture medium. These observations show that most sIgM+ sIgE+ B cells in N. brasiliensis-infected SJA/9 mice do not express intrinsic sIgE; thus studies using these cells to determine mechanisms of Ig isotype switching are inconclusive. PMID- 3155864 TI - Synthetic atrial natriuretic factor induces release (possibly receptor-mediated) of vasopressin from rat posterior pituitary. AB - The synthetic fragment (Arg 101-Tyr 126) of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) induces release of arginine vasopressin from the isolated posterior lobe of the rat hypophysis in vitro. At a physiological concentration (3 X 10(-10)M) ANF was three times more effective than 61 mM KCL. In vitro binding studies with 125I-ANF revealed the presence of high affinity receptor sites displaying a pK = 9.9, a Kd = 0.14 nM, a Bmax = 20 fmol/posterior lobe and and IC50 = 200 pM. These results suggest that arginine vasopressin release by synthetic atrial natriuretic factor may be receptor mediated. PMID- 3155862 TI - Two separate functions of class II (Ia) molecules: T-cell stimulation and B-cell excitation. AB - We have evaluated the role of major histocompatibility complex-encoded class II (Ia) molecules as transmembrane signaling receptors in the T helper cell dependent activation of B lymphocytes. For these studies, we utilized the murine B-cell lymphoma CH12, which expresses both I-A and I-E class II molecules. In addition, CH12 cells carry IgM of known antigen specificity and require both specific antigen and Ia-restricted T-cell help for the induction of antibody secretion. In this respect, they resemble normal resting B cells. We have studied the ability of antigen-specific or alloreactive T helper cells reactive with either the I-A or the I-E molecules on CH12 to be activated and their ability to stimulate antibody production by CH12. The results show that, although CH12 cells present antigen to T helper cells that interact with either the I-A or the I-E molecules, CH12 cells are stimulated to secrete antibody only by T helper cells reactive with their I-E molecules. Our data demonstrate that class II molecules are transducers of signals for B-cell excitation in addition to serving a restricting function for helper T-cell stimulation. Moreover, the data demonstrate that these two functions, T-cell stimulation and B-cell excitation, are discrete and need not be expressed by the same Ia molecule. PMID- 3155863 TI - Identification of a single chromosome in the normal human genome essential for suppression of hamster cell transformation. AB - Normal human fibroblasts were fused to carcinogen-transformed baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells and found to be able to suppress the anchorage-independent transformed phenotype of the hamster cells. This suppression was not due to interspecies incompatibility, for transformation could be effectively expressed in hybrids if either the human or the BHK parent had initially been transformed by a dominantly acting viral genome. Upon growth of suppressed hybrids, loss of human chromosomes was accompanied by the re-expression of transformation. Karyotype analysis indicated that only human chromosome 1 was retained in all hybrids that were suppressed and was lost in all hybrids in which transformation was re-expressed. Cytological evidence for the presence or absence of chromosome 1 was confirmed by electrophoretic identification of the human isozyme for phosphoglucomutase 1. Clones re-expressing transformation were isolated from two suppressed hybrids and in both cases loss of suppression was accompanied by the loss of human chromosome 1. Thus, the maintenance of suppression in these cross species hybrids appears to require the continued presence of normal human chromosome 1. These findings raise the possibility that the frequent involvement of human chromosome 1 in potentially inactivating aberrations in human tumors may reflect a suppressor role for this chromosome in human malignancy. PMID- 3155865 TI - Abdominoplasty in infants for removal of giant congenital nevi: a report of three cases. AB - The abdominal wall of the infant presents a significant skin excess. Applying techniques of aesthetic abdominoplasty, it is possible to excise extensive abdominal wall lesions, as often seen in children with congenital hairy nevi. Three cases of congenital nevi were handled in this manner and are presented. One case involved the upper abdomen, while the other two involved the lower abdomen. PMID- 3155866 TI - Abnormal measurements and disproportions in the face of Down's syndrome patients: preliminary report of an anthropometric study. AB - Using 32 measurements taken from the surface of the cranial-orbital-facial-aural area, 9 proportion indices were calculated to detect the most striking locations of disfigurement in 52 Down's syndrome patients (29 males and 23 females), all white North Americans, aged between 3 and 31 years. A shallow upper-third of the face depth (between the nasal root and the ear's tragi) and a short right auricle were the most frequent subnormal findings (each 71.5 percent), with subnormal palpebral fissures in third place (68.8 percent). The most striking supernormality was the inclination of the palpebral fissure, which was greater than the maximum normal in 46.9 percent. The most striking and frequent (46.9 percent) disproportion was caused by the presence of markedly short palpebral fissures in the vicinity of normal-wide spaces between the eyes (enen), followed by hyperteloric orbits (40.4 percent) and disproportionately short noses (28.9 percent). Major (moderate or marked) epicanthi were found in a high percentage (42 percent) of the patients and aggravated the visual impression of the already damaged orbito-nasal area. Preliminary results of the analysis of the proportion indices in various age groups showed that some disproportions in the orbits and face decreased with age. PMID- 3155867 TI - Poly(ADP-ribose) in the cellular response to DNA damage. AB - Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is a chromatin-bound enzyme which, on activation by DNA strand breaks, catalyzes the successive transfer of ADP-ribose units from NAD to nuclear proteins. Poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis is stimulated by DNA strand breaks, and the polymer may alter the structure and/or function of chromosomal proteins to facilitate the DNA repair process. Electronmicroscopic studies show that poly(ADP-ribose) unwinds the tightly packed nucleosomal structure of isolated chromatin. Recent studies also show that the presence of poly(ADP ribose) enhances the activity of DNA ligase. This may increase the capacity of the cell to complete DNA repair. Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase or deficiencies of the substrate, NAD, lead to retardation of the DNA repair process. When DNA strand breaks are extensive or when breaks fail to be repaired, the stimulus for activation of poly(ADP-ribose) persists and the activated enzyme is capable of totally consuming cellular pools of NAD. Depletion of NAD and consequent lowering of cellular ATP pools, due to activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, may account for rapid cell death before DNA repair takes place and before the genetic effects of DNA damage become manifest. PMID- 3155868 TI - A new open-ended guidewire/catheter. PMID- 3155870 TI - Hemobilia following transhepatic biliary drainage: occlusion of an hepatoportal fistula by balloon tamponade. AB - Acute clinically significant hemobilia occurred after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Investigations revealed a fistula between a peripheral bile duct and a branch of the portal vein. Hemostasis was obtained by balloon tamponade at the site of the fistula. PMID- 3155869 TI - Osteoid osteoma: operative confirmation of complete removal by bone scintigraphy. AB - The high sensitivity of bone scintigraphy in detecting osteoid osteoma throughout the skeleton has been documented. Recently, radioactive surgical specimens of osteoid osteomas were studied with microradiography, autoradiography, and well counter scintimetry and were shown to concentrate most of the radionuclide within the nidus of the lesion. These techniques also proved helpful to surgeons in achieving cure with conservative bone excision. We present two cases of osteoid osteoma, one of them recurrent, in which the patients were injected with bone seeking agent just prior to surgery. The excised specimens were immediately imaged and the entire nidus was seen, confirming the complete removal of the lesion. This simple and rapid procedure is suggested whenever difficulty is anticipated in removal of an osteoid osteoma. PMID- 3155871 TI - [The effect of intraperitoneal administration of isoprenaline on ATPase activity in the brain of rats of different ages]. PMID- 3155873 TI - Concanavalin-A-activated lymphocytes suppress immune responses in vitro but are helper cells in vivo. AB - In vitro concanavalin A (Con A)-activated spleen cells suppressed the primary in vitro immune response of syngeneic spleen cells to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) but enhanced the in vivo anti-SRBC responses when transferred to syngeneic untreated mice. Con-A-activated spleen cells injected into nude mice enabled these mice to respond to SRBC. PMID- 3155872 TI - Functional and multimarker analysis of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - The morphology, immunophenotype, cytoenzymatic and functional activities of T lymphocytes from 4 patients with chronic lymphoproliferative disease of T-cell origin were studied. Clonal proliferation was demonstrated by distinctive chromosomal abnormalities involving chromosomes 2 and 14. Patients 1 and 2 were classifiable as OKT4+ T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (T-CLL) and patient 3 as OKT4+/OKT8+ T-CLL, with helper function in vitro only in patient 1. Patient 4 has low-grade lymphocytosis with benign clinical course, with cells showing morphology of large granular lymphocytes (LGL), and immunophenotype HNK-1+, ER+, Fc gamma receptor+, OKT3+, OKT11+ and OKT8+, as well as natural killer activity, radiosensitive suppressor activity on Ig secretion and responsiveness to PHA; this case was interpreted as LGL leukaemia. This study indicates that a large proportion of cases of true T-CLL may belong to the OKT4 subset, and that extensive investigations should be made of the lymphocytic OKT8+/T gamma forms to characterize them precisely. PMID- 3155874 TI - Effect of verapamil on T-lymphocyte activation in vitro. AB - Verapamil, a calcium-inhibitory drug, was found to inhibit T-lymphocyte proliferation in mixed lymphocyte culture and the proliferative response to phytohaemagglutinin and mumps antigen. It also inhibited production of interleukin 2 (IL-2). To exert inhibition, verapamil had to be added early in the culture period. Verapamil also had a relatively small inhibitory effect on IL-2 dependent growth. The effects were clearly seen only at concentrations exceeding the therapeutic serum level of verapamil. PMID- 3155875 TI - Evidence for degenerative and regenerative changes in neostriatal spiny neurons in Huntington's disease. AB - Golgi impregnations of neostriatum from deceased Huntington's disease patients and controls were examined. In all cases of Huntington's disease the morphology of dendrites of medium-sized spiny neurons was markedly altered by the appearance of recurved endings and appendages, a decrease or increase in the density of spines, and abnormalities in the size and shape of spines. Pathological changes were rarely observed in medium-sized and large aspiny neostriatal neurons. The findings provide evidence for simultaneous degeneration and growth of spiny neurons in Huntington's disease and support the view that a specific population of neostriatal neurons is selectively involved in its pathogenesis. PMID- 3155876 TI - Human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes: a marker of host response. AB - There is continuing interest in the possibility of immunologic intervention in the therapy of malignant disease. By employing a range of different techniques, it has been possible to show the presence of activated helper, suppressor, and cytotoxic T cells, B cells, NK precursors, and macrophages at the tumor site. The overwhelming impression from our data is that tumors may be subject to immunologic attack by heterogeneous effectors and that there is selective trapping of these effectors with corresponding depletion at the periphery. Like all inflammatory sites, however, the tumor contains both positive and negative regulatory mechanisms with the coexistence of cells with effector and suppressor functions, eg, T suppressors that modulate the proliferative response of T helpers and macrophages suppressing NK function contribute to the dynamic interplay in situ. Additional complexity is indicated by immunohistologic studies that clearly show that the stroma rather than foci of tumor cells are the site of infiltration, thereby further limiting effector function. We are now at the end of the descriptive stage of our investigations and further studies must approach the more difficult problem of modifying the host response in such a way as to alter the balance between effector and suppressor activity. A promising area of research would appear to be the use of cloned helper T cells or their products in the immunotherapy of cancer. The demonstration, by us, of selective trapping at tumor sites suggests that administration of the patients' own T cells with antitumor reactivity may serve as an efficient delivery vehicle to activate host effectors in situ. Studies in animal systems have shown the feasibility of this approach, although the failure of cultured T cells to undergo normal recirculation represents a considerable unresolved problem. Effector function by each of the tumor-infiltrating cell types described is under T cell control, and preliminary studies have already indicated the ability of helper T cells to accelerate allograft and tumor rejection. The increasing availability of gene cloned materials with potent biologic activity opens new areas of research in cancer therapy. The lymphokines IL-2 and interferon are already undergoing clinical trials. Studies by Hersey demonstrate that administration of conditioned medium containing impure IL-2 results in the appearance of antitumor effectors in previously nonreactive melanoma patients, and Rosenberg, among others, has shown IL-2 to be a potent enhancer of alloimmune responses. Lymphokine-activating macrophages also augment antitumour responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3155877 TI - The immune derangement in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3155878 TI - In vitro evidence for defective afferent immune function in long-term renal allograft recipients. AB - Experiments were designed to evaluate afferent immune functions in 21 long-term (greater than or equal to 3 years) renal allograft recipients by using in vitro assays that included autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions (AMLR and allo-MLR), proliferative responses to a soluble antigen (tetanus toxoid), and the ability to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) following stimulation in an AMLR. The results showed that allograft recipients generated responses in the allo-MLR (means = 84,789 +/- 8242) that were comparable to those exhibited by normal controls (means = 86,082 +/- 7423). Likewise, mean responses in the AMLR were similar in recipients and controls (14,937 +/- 3243 versus 16,101 +/- 3005), although a greater percentage of recipients generated AMLRs below 5000 cpm than did normals (8/21 versus 4/20). However, 13 recipients analyzed for responsiveness to tetanus toxoid were shown to generate mean proliferative responses that were significantly depressed below normal (18,095 +/- 5545 versus 48,935 +/- 8813, P less than 0.001). Furthermore, despite significant proliferation in the AMLR means = 27,648 +/- 5168), 8 recipients generated significantly lower CTL activity in AMLR cultures than normal controls (mean percentage of cytotoxicity = 10.3 +/- 4.7 versus 24.9 +/- 4.7, P less than 0.05). These recipients generated normal CTL levels against allogeneic target cells following stimulation in an allo-MLR. Thus, these studies provide experimental support for the existence of altered T helper cell-mediated functions in long term renal allograft recipients. PMID- 3155879 TI - Nature of the suppressor cells mediating prolonged graft survival after administration of extracted histocompatibility antigen and cyclosporine. AB - Antigen-specific suppressor T cells are induced by donor histocompatibility antigen extracted from spleen cells with 3M KCl combined with cyclosporine (Ag CsA). A single i.v. injection of 5 mg 3M-KCl-extracted donor Buffalo (Buf, RT1b) antigen (Ag) combined with a three day course of CsA prolonged renal allograft survival in Wistar-Furth (WFu, RT1u) hosts to a greater extent (MST 26.5 days) than CsA alone (MST 11.8 days). Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) or spleen cells harvested from Ag-CsA-treated recipients ten days after transplantation inhibited the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) between normal responder WFu cells and irradiated Buf cells (55.6% and 64.4% suppression, respectively, P less than 0.025), but not third-party Brown-Norway (BN, RT1n) stimulator cells (13.6% and 18.3% suppression, respectively, NS). The suppressor effect was not mediated by cytolytic cells; there was neither primary nor secondary cytolytic activity against 51Cr-labeled Con-A blastoid Buf cells. The suppressor cells were neither adherent to plastic dishes nor to nylon-wool columns. PBL irradiated with 800 rads, but not 1500 rads, suppressed the MLR. A single injection of cyclophosphamide (CY, 25 mg/kg) seven days after transplantation abrogated the suppression induced by Ag-CsA treatment. Moreover, PBL from Ag-CsA recipients failed to suppress the MLR, if depleted either of all T cells by treatment with monoclonal antibody (Mab) W3/13 HLK (pan T cells; % suppression -15.8), or of cytotoxic/suppressor cells with Mab OX-8 (-19.3% suppression) together with rabbit antimouse immunoglobulin and complement. On the other hand, PBL treated with the Mab W3/25 (helper) showed suppressor cell activity (+56.4%, P less than 0.001) similar to untreated cells (62.4%, P less than 0.001). Moreover, adoptive transfer of suppressor T cells purified from pooled lymphocytes by rosetting using Mab significantly prolonged the survival of donor-specific, but not third party, test grafts in naive secondary hosts. Thus, these studies demonstrated antigen-specific suppressor T cells mediate the long-term unresponsiveness induced by the Ag-CsA regimen. PMID- 3155880 TI - Comparison of altered expression of histocompatibility antigens with altered immune function in murine spleen cells treated with ultraviolet radiation and/or TPA. AB - Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that several treatments that inhibited the ability of cells to stimulate the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) also blocked the shedding of histocompatibility antigens and Ia antigens from murine spleen cells. In the present studies, one of these treatments, ultraviolet radiation (UV), was shown to cause an initial loss in the density of H-2K, IA, and IE antigens prior to the block in shedding observed after culture of these cells. Further analysis revealed that the UV-induced loss of antigens could be prevented by the presence of colchicine during irradiation. Biosynthetic analyses revealed the IA antigen synthesis was also inhibited in the UV-irradiated cells. Examination of the effects of a second agent, 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA) on the turnover of histocompatibility antigens revealed that the biosynthesis and shedding of these antigens were accelerated by this agent. However, addition of TPA to UV-irradiated cells did not result in a reversal of the UV-induced block in biosynthesis of IA antigens. Results of immune function assays correlated with the biochemical studies: UV-irradiation inhibited the generation of the MLR, but TPA enhanced this reaction, and addition of TPA to mixed lymphocyte cultures with UV-irradiated stimulators did not reverse the UV induced inhibition. These results suggest that, although the turnover of histocompatibility antigens may be affected by TPA and UV in an antagonistic fashion, additional factors other than the expression of histocompatibility antigens are operating in the inhibition of stimulation of an MLR by UV radiation or its enhancement by TPA. PMID- 3155881 TI - DLA-D-specific suppressor cells characterized by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Canine lymphocytes alloantigen-primed in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) were tested for their ability to suppress MLC reactivity. These cells were added to fresh responder cells in MLC at ratios of 1:50 and 1:20 and suppressed reactivity 90 +/- 7% (mean +/- 1 SD) and 91 +/- 3% respectively. At lower ratios no suppression was observed. Monoclonal antibody E11 (IgG3) recognized a subset of canine Thy1+ T cells, and with complement treatment was capable of depleting suppressor cells from bulk MLC (11 +/- 6% of control suppression), but DT-2 (IgG2a), another canine T-cell antibody, had no such effect (84 +/- 11%) (P = 0.028). Antibody A5 (IgG2b), reactive with all T and most non-T cells, also eliminated suppression. Positively selected E11+ bulk-MLC cells suppressed (91%) and E11- bulk-MLC cells did not (4%). At the ratios described, suppression was specific for the DLA-D phenotype of the stimulator cells. In tests with the original stimulators, suppression was 91 +/- 7%; in tests with DLA-D identical stimulators it was 92 +/- 5%; and for DLA-D nonidentical stimulators it was 38 +/ 25% (P = 0.005). Nonspecific suppression increased with increasing numbers of suppressor cells. At ratios of 1:10 and 1:5 nonspecific suppression was 72 +/- 13% and 92 +/- 8%, respectively. These studies show that under appropriate conditions, Thy1+, E11+, A5+, DT-2- alloantigen-activated canine T lymphocytes function as DLA-D-specific suppressor cells and DT-2+ cells do not. PMID- 3155882 TI - Ly-1+2- suppressor T cells inhibit the expression of passively transferred antitumor immunity by suppressing the generation of cytolytic T cells. AB - The results of this study confirm and extend previous findings from this laboratory by showing that the suppressor T cells that are generated during progressive growth of the P815 tumor and inhibit the antitumor cytolytic response in adoptively immunized T-cell-deficient recipients are of the Ly-1+2- phenotype. Thus, Ly-2+ cytolytic effector T cells and suppressor T cells in the system can be distinguished by the complete resistance of suppressor T cells to elimination by anti-Ly-2-antibody-plus-complement treatment. The suppressor cells in this system are different, therefore, from those in most other systems in which suppressor cells, like cytolytic T cells, are Ly2+ or the equivalent rat or human phenotype. The present results also more clearly define how suppressor T cells inhibit the expression of antitumor immunity by showing that passively transferred suppressor T cells inhibit the production of cytolytic T cells in adoptively immunized T-cell-deficient recipients, but not the antitumor function of cytolytic T cells already generated. Finally, the results show that the expression of passively transferred antitumor immunity in T-cell-deficient recipients requires the participation of noncytolytic Ly-1+2- donor T cells. It is apparent, however, that T cells of this phenotype have no direct antitumor activity but function, instead, to "help" in the generation of cytolytic T cells in the recipient. PMID- 3155883 TI - [Principles of the organization and conduction of mass screening of workers in "dusty" professions]. PMID- 3155884 TI - Acute insulin treatment normalizes the resistance to the cardiotoxic effect of isoproterenol in streptozotocin diabetic rats. A morphometric study of isoproterenol induced myocardial fibrosis. AB - The acute effect of insulin treatment on the earlier reported protective effect of streptozotocin diabetes against the cardiotoxic effect of high doses of isoproterenol (ISO) was investigated in rats. Thirty to 135 min after the injection of crystalline insulin, ISO was given subcutaneously and when ISO induced fibrosis in the myocardium was morphometrically analyzed 7 days later, a highly significant correlation (r = 0.83, 2 p = 0.006) to the slope of the fall in blood glucose after insulin treatment appeared. The myocardial content of catecholamines was estimated in these 8 day diabetic rats. The norepinephrine content was significantly increased while epinephrine remained unchanged. An enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity with a consequent down regulation of the myocardial beta-adrenergic receptors could, therefore, explain this catecholamine resistance. The rapid reversion after insulin treatment excludes the possibility that streptozotocin in itself causes the ISO resistance and points towards a direct insulin effect on myocardial catecholamine sensitivity in diabetic rats. The phenomenon described might elucidate pathogenetic mechanisms behind toxic myocardial cell degeneration and may possibly have relevance for acute cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients. PMID- 3155885 TI - A phi 80 function inhibitory for growth of lambdoid phage in him mutants of Escherichia coli deficient in integration host factor. I. Genetic analysis of the Rha phenotype. AB - Bacteriophage phi 80 and lambda-phi 80 hybrid phage of the type lambda (QSR)80, in which the rightmost 10% of the lambda genome is replaced by corresponding phi 80 material, are unable to grow lytically in himA and hip/himD mutants of Escherichia coli K12 at 32 degrees. The genetic element responsible for the growth defect, rha, has been mapped to the (QSR)80 region and was located more precisely by restriction enzyme and DNA heteroduplex analysis of mutations that result in loss of the Rha phenotype. Such an Rha mutant carrying a 1.5-kb deletion beginning 0.58 kb from the right end of the chromosome and extending leftward locates the rha locus at least in part within this region of (QSR)80. In addition, a substitution derivative of lambda (QSR)80 was isolated which does not exhibit the Rha phenotype. In this phage, lambda-80hy95, the right half of the (QSR)80 region is replaced by DNA homologous to the 95-100% segment of lambda. In mixed infections in the himA42 host at 32 degrees, lambda + does not complement lambda (QSR)80 for growth and the burst size of the coinfecting lambda + is reduced in comparison to that in a single infection. Deletion mutants of lambda (QSR)80 that grow normally in himA42 at 32 degrees in single infections are inhibited for growth in mixed infections with lambda (QSR)80. These results suggest the existence of a trans-acting function which inhibits phage growth in the absence of HimA or Hip/HimD function. It is likely that the rha gene either encodes that function or indirectly controls its action. PMID- 3155886 TI - A phi 80 function inhibitory for growth of lambdoid phage in him mutants of Escherichia coli deficient in integration host factor. II. Physiological analysis of the abortive infection. AB - Derivatives of phage lambda with the rightmost 3% of the genome (the QSR region) from the related phage phi 80 fail to grow at low temperatures (e.g., 32 degrees) in Escherichia coli hosts deficient in either protein component of IHF (integration host factor), the products of the himA and hip/himD genes. The abortive infection of lambda (QSR)80 in mutants defective for IHF was studied in detail. This infection is characterized by a lack of cell lysis and an inhibition of phage DNA replication after an initial period of normal synthesis. An inhibition of host DNA replication also occurs after a similar period of apparently normal synthesis, and the abortive lambda (QSR)80 infection is lethal to the host. An assay of beta-galactosidase activity in lambda (QSR)80-infected cells provided indirect evidence that RNA and protein synthesis continue late into the abortive infection. The defective growth is imposed by the product of the rha gene located in the (QSR)80 genetic material. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of phage proteins produced in ultraviolet (uv) irradiated phage-infected host cells has demonstrated the existence of a protein that is encoded or whose synthesis is regulated by the rha locus. Based on these findings, possible roles for a HimA-Hip/HimD-controlled rha product in a late stage of phi 80 development are discussed. PMID- 3155887 TI - Isolation of Fab and Fc fragments from a plasmin-treated human immunoglobulin by high-speed gel filtration on TSK G3000SW and G3000SWG. AB - A method is described for isolating intact 7S IgG, Fab and Fc fragments from a plasmin-treated immunoglobulin by high-speed gel filtration on a TSK G3000SW or G3000SWG column. The isolated 7S IgG, Fab and Fc fragments reacted with antihuman IgG, Fab and Fc antiserum, respectively, in both Ouchterlony's double immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. Each of the Fab and Fc fragments formed a single precipitation line, demonstrating their homogeneity. Anticomplementary activities of intact 7S IgG, Fab and Fc fragments were 2.5, less than or equal to 10 and 2.5 mg protein/ml to inhibit 2 units of CH50, respectively, and the diphtheria antitoxin contents were 2.1, 6.0 and 1.5 IU/150 mg protein, respectively. The molecular composition of plasmin-treated immunoglobulin as determined by gel filtration on a TSK G3000SW column was as follows: 7S IgG 38.0 +/- 0.2%; Fab 42.6 +/- 0.1% and Fc fragment 19.3 +/- 0.1%. PMID- 3155888 TI - Concentration patterns of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone, delta 5-androstenediol and their sulphates, testosterone and cortisol in normal healthy women and in women with anorexia nervosa. AB - Plasma levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS), delta 5-androstenediol (delta 5-DIOL), delta 5-androstenediol sulphate (delta 5-DIOL-S) and testosterone were determined every 2 h from 10.00 to 20.00 h in 8 normal women and 10 with anorexia nervosa. Plasma levels of cortisol. DHA and delta 5-DIOL were significantly (P less than 0.001) higher while DHAS levels were significantly (P less than 0.001) lower in the anorexic women. The levels of delta 5-DIOL-S and testosterone were similar in both groups of women. In the normal women there were significant (P less than 0.001) diurnal fluctuations in the levels of cortisol, DHA and DHAS with high levels in the morning and a nadir in the evening; however, there were significant P less than 0.001) 'reverse' diurnal fluctuations in the levels of delta 5-DIOL, delta 5-DIOL S and testosterone with low levels in the morning and elevated levels in the evening. In the anorexia nervosa women there was a loss of the diurnal variation in the levels of cortisol, DHA and DHAS and delta 5-DIOL-S; the diurnal variations of delta 5-DIOL and testosterone levels in the anorexic women were similar to those in the normal women. In general, these findings support the suggestion of a disturbance in the mechanisms regulating hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal function resulting from a primary hypothalamic defect and/or abnormal alterations in steroid metabolism associated with the malnutrition in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3155889 TI - Testosterone precursors in spermatic venous blood of normal men and varicocele patients. A study of delta 4 pathway of testosterone biosynthesis. AB - In the present study we determined progesterone (P), 17-OH-progesterone (17-OH P), androstenedione (delta 4), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone (T) in spermatic venous blood of 34 varicocele patients and of 13 normal subjects. We also used the DHEA/delta 4 ratio as an index of the delta 5/delta 4 pathway ratio in testosterone biosynthesis. The mean of T and delta 4 in the spermatic blood of varicocele (V) patients appeared to be significantly lower with respect to that of normal (N) subjects (T:N = 1718.2 +/- 202.4 (SEM) nmol/l, No. 11; V = 1243.7 +/- 97 (SEM) nmol/l, No. 34; P less than 0.03. delta 4: N = 56.4 +/- 5.6 (SEM) nmol/l, No. 12; V = 38.1 +/- 4 (SEM) nmol/l, No. 27, 0.02 greater than P greater than 0.01). A negative correlation was observed between the individual age of varicocele patients and 17-OH-P (No. 34, y = -30.66x + 1300, r = -0.57, P less than 0.01) delta 4 values (No. 27, y = -1.981x + 96.52, r = -0.67, P less than 0.01). When the ratio of T precursors was evaluated, we observed a positive correlation between the P/17-OH-P ratio and age of varicocele (No. 33, y = 0.0065x-0.092, r = 0.45, P less than 0.03). The 17-OH-P/delta 4 ratio was greatly increased with respect to that of normal subjects (N = 5.12 +/- 0.93 (SEM), No. 12; V = 10.77 +/- 1.31 (SEM), No. 27; P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3155890 TI - Test-dependent antinociceptive effect of spinal serotonin release induced by intrathecal p-chloroamphetamine in mice. AB - The effect of direct intrathecal injection of p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) into the lumbar subarachnoid space was investigated in mice. PCA (0.6 - 20 micrograms) induced a dose-related prolongation of response latencies in the tail-flick test, but failed to affect the hind-paw lick response in a hot-plate test employing slowly rising temperature. PCA (5 micrograms) given intracerebroventricularly did, however, significantly elevate the response temperature in the hot-plate test. The antinociceptive effect of PCA in the tail-flick test was prevented by spinalization, by pretreatment with the selective serotonergic re-uptake blocker zimelidine (20 mg X kg-1 i.p.) and by the serotonin synthesis inhibitor p chlorophenylalanine (300 + 300 + 150 mg X kg-1 i.p. 72, 48 and 24 h before test). It is concluded that PCA given intrathecally releases serotonin from spinal terminals, which may under certain conditions induce antinociception. PMID- 3155891 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty vs. surgery for renovascular hypertension. AB - Therapeutic results in 102 hypertensive patients were evaluated after either renal artery percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) or surgical bypass procedures for renovascular hypertension. A minimum of 6 months of follow-up was accepted to evaluate therapeutic success or failure. Renal angioplasty had a beneficial result in each of 13 patients with fibromuscular dysplasia and in 10 (83%) of 12 patients with atherosclerotic lesions that did not involve the origin of the renal artery. Although surgery was also beneficial in each of six patients with fibromuscular dysplasia, it helped only five of 10 patients with atherosclerosis of the renal artery. Angioplasty results were similar to surgical results for atherosclerotic lesions that involved the origin of the renal artery. Angioplasty was unsuccessful in two cases of neurofibromatosis because of the firm nature of the lesions, where a bypass procedure was successful in one case. Major complications were more common in surgical cases than in angioplasty. PTA is recommended for all renal artery lesions; surgery should be reserved for failed PTA or recurrent renal artery stenosis after PTA. PMID- 3155892 TI - Unusual manifestations of thoracic sarcoidosis. AB - Thoracic sarcoidosis is a common disease, and its usual radiographic manifestations have been well described and are readily recognized. However, most physicians are not familiar with the unusual and often confusing manifestations of thoracic sarcoid, which have been sporadically reported. Using information derived from a systematic review of the literature and clinical material from our own institutions, a classification has been developed of the unusual thoracic manifestations of sarcoidosis, and their relative incidence has been determined and tabulated. These include lesions of the osseous, pleural, mediastinal, hilar, bronchial, pulmonary parenchymal, vascular, and cardiac structures. The information presented in this review is intended to provide physicians with a single comprehensive source to assist them when atypical radiographic findings of thoracic sarcoidosis are a diagnostic consideration. PMID- 3155894 TI - Assessment of hemodynamic significance of isolated stenoses of the left anterior descending coronary artery using thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy. AB - This study tests the hypothesis that the results of stress thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scans (TI-201) are related to the mean transstenotic pressure gradient of coronary stenoses independent of the percent luminal diameter narrowing seen at angiography. The 22 study patients (20 men, 2 women, mean age 47 years, range 30 to 62) had no previous myocardial infarction. Each underwent a symptom-limited, erect bicycle TI-201 test off antianginal therapy, shortly before percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for isolated left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis. The percent narrowing, mean gradient at percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and presence of a visually apparent TI-201 defect were independently evaluated and results compared. All 4 patients with 90% or greater diameter narrowing had positive TI 201 responses, and the mean gradient was 72 +/- 11 mm Hg. Among the 18 patients with less than 90% diameter narrowing, the mean gradient was higher (p less than 0.001) in the 11 with a positive TI-201 (63 +/- 15 mm Hg) than in the 7 with a negative TI-201 (33 +/- 20 mm Hg), but their percent narrowing did not differ significantly (72 +/- 14% vs 66 +/- 19%). Multiple regression analysis showed that the presence of a TI-201 defect was a strong (p = 0.003) and percent narrowing (p = 0.048) a weak independent predictor for gradient. When the mean gradient was normalized for the prestenotic pressure, both percent narrowing (p = 0.003) and TI-201 defects (p = 0.006) were significant independent predictors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3155893 TI - Second-generation calcium antagonists: search for greater selectivity and versatility. AB - Calcium antagonists have a variable specificity for cardiac and peripheral activity. Based on such activity, these compounds, new and old, can be classified into 4 categories. Type 1 agents, typified by verapamil, its congeners (tiapamil and gallopamil) and diltiazem, prolong atrioventricular nodal conduction and refractoriness with little effect on ventricular or atrial refractoriness. These actions, to a large extent, account for the antiarrhythmic properties of this type of calcium antagonists. Type 2 agents include nifedipine and other dihydropyridines. In vivo, these agents are devoid of electrophysiologic effects in usual doses and concentrations. They are potent peripheral vasodilators with some selectivity of action for different vascular beds; their overall hemodynamic effects are dominated by this peripheral vasodilatation and reflex augmentation of sympathetic reflexes. Type 3 agents are flunarizine and cinnarizine (piperazine derivatives); in vitro and vivo, they are potent dilators of peripheral vessels, with no corresponding calcium-blocking actions in the heart. Type 4 agents (perhexiline, lidoflazine and bepridil) have a broader pharmacologic profile; they block calcium fluxes in the heart, in the peripheral vessels or in both. They may inhibit the fast channel in the heart and have other electrophysiologic actions. A clear understanding of the varied pharmacologic properties of the different classes of calcium antagonists is likely to provide a rational basis for the use of the newer agents in clinical therapeutics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3155895 TI - Clinical, angiographic, hemodynamic, perfusional and functional changes after one vessel left anterior descending coronary angioplasty. AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was successfully performed in 20 patients with 1-vessel left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery disease. Exercise capacity in terms of peak workload, heart rate and systolic blood pressure all increased significantly 1 week after PTCA. All patients had some decrease in stenosis size and gradient. All patients except 1 had an improvement in functional class. Eight of 12 patients with abnormal exercise electrocardiograms before PTCA had normal electrocardiograms after the procedure. Exercise thallium-201 (TI-201) myocardial perfusion images obtained in all 20 patients before and 1 week after PTCA were analyzed using a new computer method designed to quantitate regional myocardial TI-201 distribution, redistribution and clearance rate. Significant improvement in TI-201 activity was present in the anterior and septal segments of the left ventricle 1 week after PTCA. This increase in TI-201 uptake was associated with a significant reduction in the amount of TI-201 redistribution between initial and delayed postexercise images in the same regions. TI-201 clearance rate in the segments supplied by the dilated vessel also improved significantly. Abnormal TI-201 lung uptake was seen in 17 patients before and in 4 patients after PTCA. Exercise ejection fraction response and septal wall motion also improved after PTCA of the LAD stenosis in all 17 patients who had exercise radionuclide ventriculography. Improvement in clinical, angiographic and hemodynamic factors as well as in global and regional myocardial perfusion and function occurs after PTCA for 1-vessel LAD coronary artery disease. PMID- 3155896 TI - Early detection of restenosis after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty by exercise-redistribution thallium scintigraphy. AB - The value of exercise testing and thallium scintigraphy in predicting recurrence of angina pectoris and restenosis after a primary successful transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was prospectively evaluated. In 89 patients, a symptom-limited exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) and thallium scintigraphy were performed 4 weeks after they had undergone successful PTCA. Thereafter, the patients were followed for 6.4 +/- 2.5 months (mean +/- standard deviation) or until recurrence of angina. They all underwent a repeat coronary angiography at 6 months or earlier if symptoms recurred. PTCA was considered successful if the patients had no symptoms and if the stenosis was reduced to less than 50% of the luminal diameter. Restenosis was defined as an increase of the stenosis to more than 50% luminal diameter. The ability of the thallium scintigram (presence of a reversible defect) to predict recurrence of angina was 66%, vs 38% for the exercise ECG (ST-segment depression or angina at peak workload). Restenosis was predicted in 74% of patients by thallium scintigraphy, but only in 50% of patients by the exercise ECG. Thus, thallium scintigraphy was highly predictive but the exercise ECG was not (p less than 0.005). These results suggest that restenosis had occurred to some extent already at 4 weeks after the PTCA in most patients in whom it was going to occur. PMID- 3155897 TI - Electrocardiographic observations in clinically isolated, pure, chronic, severe aortic regurgitation: analysis of 30 necropsy patients aged 19 to 65 years. AB - Certain electrocardiographic findings are described in 30 necropsy patients with clinically isolated pure, chronic, severe aortic regurgitation. They were 19 to 65 years old (mean 45). The hearts of the 22 men ranged in weight from 430 to 1,110 g (mean 717) and of the 8 women, from 375 to 950 g (mean 638). Four had grossly visible left ventricular (LV) scars. All but 1 patient was in sinus rhythm. The PR interval was greater than 0.20 second in 8 patients (28%) and the QRS duration was greater than or equal to 0.12 second in 6 patients (20%). Only 5 patients (17%) had 1 or more ventricular premature complexes recorded on the resting electrocardiogram analyzed. The mean QRS amplitude for each of the 12 leads averaged 23 mm. The highest mean QRS voltage occurred in leads V2 and V3 (each 38 mm), and the lowest in lead aVR (11 mm). The mean QRS voltage in V5 was higher than in V6 (33 vs 28 mm) and in 22 patients (73%) the QRS voltage in V5 was higher than in V6. The sum of the S wave in V1 plus the larger of the R wave in V5 or V6 (Sokolow-Lyon index) averaged 51 mm and in only 22 patients (73%) was it greater than 35 mm. The Romhilt-Estes voltage criteria for LV hypertrophy was fulfilled even less frequently, despite the severe degrees of LV hypertrophy in the patients studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3155898 TI - Coronary artery luminal diameter in aortic stenosis. AB - The coronary artery luminal diameters in 32 patients with aortic stenosis (AS) were compared with those of 24 control subjects without left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy by means of a derived index. Patients with AS had significantly larger coronary arteries than the control subjects (p less than 0.01). The increase in coronary luminal diameter had a weak correlation to LV wall thickness (r = 0.32) and LV mass (r = 0.34). Among 21 patients with AS and normal coronary angiograms, those with angina had higher peak LV pressures (224 +/- 8 vs 196 +/- 7 mm Hg) and greater peak systolic gradients (103 +/- 9 vs 74 +/- 10 mm Hg) than those without angina (p less than 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in coronary artery diameters, peak LV stress or LV tension at rest between patients with and without angina. PMID- 3155899 TI - Detailed anatomy of the normally functioning aortic valve in hearts of normal and increased weight. AB - The area, weight and 4 linear variables were measured in each aortic valve cusp in 100 necropsy patients with normally functioning aortic valves, and the volume of each sinus of Valsalva and the aortic area at the sinotubular junction were determined in the same patients. The sums of the aortic valve cuspal areas, cuspal weights and sinus of Valsalva volumes increased with age (p less than 0.001) and with heart weight (p less than 0.001). All 3 variables (cuspal area, cuspal weight and sinus of Valsalva volume) also increased with age and heart weight relative to each other. The luminal area of aorta at the sinotubular junction also increased with age and heart weight and it also increased as the sum of the aortic valve cuspal areas and weights and sinus of Valsalva volumes increased. In only 16% of the 100 patients were the 3 aortic valve cusps of similar size (less than 5% difference in area between cusps); in 51%, 1 cusp was of different size than the other 2, and in 33% of patients all 3 cusps were of different sizes. PMID- 3155900 TI - The king of hearts: analysis of 23 patients with hearts weighing 1,000 grams or more. AB - Certain clinical and morphologic features are described in 23 patients in whom the heart at necropsy weighed at least 1,000 g (mean 1,106). The heart weight to body weight ratio ranged from 1.2 to 2.7 (normal 0.40). The 23 patients were derived from examination of the hearts of 7,671 patients with various cardiovascular disorders over a 25-year period. The massive cardiomegaly was the result of aortic regurgitation in 14 patients (61%): isolated in 8, associated with mitral regurgitation in 4, and with ventricular septal defect in 2. Three others (13%) had combined aortic valve stenosis and aortic regurgitation and 1 patient (4%) had mitral stenosis and regurgitation and mild aortic stenosis. Four patients (17%) had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and 1 patient (4%) had ventricular septal defect with mitral stenosis. They were 20 to 64 years old (mean 42) and 21 (91%) were men. Four patients at necropsy had 1 or more major coronary arteries narrowed more than 75% in cross-sectional area by atherosclerotic plaques, and only 4 patients had grossly visible left ventricular (LV) scars, 2 of whom had insignificant coronary narrowing. Examination of electrocardiograms in 17 of the 23 patients disclosed that Sokolow-Lyon criteria for LV hypertrophy was achieved in only 12 patients (71%) and Romhilt-Holt QRS voltage criteria faired even worse. Total 12-lead QRS voltage was more than 175 mm (10 mm = 1 mV) in 16 patients (94%) and it was more than 250 mm in 13 patients (76%). Total 12-lead QRS voltage in 17 patients ranged from 140 to 601 mm (mean 323). Measurement of the sum of the 12-lead QRS voltage may be quite useful in diagnosing LV hypertrophy by electrocardiogram. PMID- 3155901 TI - Detection of platelet deposition at the site of peripheral balloon angioplasty using indium-111 platelet scintigraphy. AB - Restenosis after balloon angioplasty may be mediated through platelet deposition at the site of arterial dilatation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether platelet deposition at the site of dilatation could be detected using indium-111 platelet scintigraphy. Fifteen patients, aged 60 +/- 9 years, with iliac or femoral (n = 12), renal artery (n = 2) or distal aortic (n = 1) stenoses were studied. All patients received intravenous heparin at the time of dilatation. Labeled platelets containing 471 +/- 65 muCi indium-111 were injected 0.25 to 4 hours after dilatation and 1 to 24 hours after imaging. In 11 of 12 patients with iliac and femoral dilatations, focal uptake was demonstrated at the angioplasty site. In 4 patients (2 patients with renal, 1 patient with iliofemoral, and 1 with distal aortic stenoses), uptake at the dilatation sites was not detected. This preliminary study indicates that despite intravenous heparin, platelets accumulate at sites of balloon dilatation. Platelet scintigraphy may be useful in predicting sites of future narrowing after angioplasty and may be used to test the efficacy of antiplatelet therapy in retarding restenosis. PMID- 3155902 TI - Sensitivity of electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy according to type of cardiac disease. AB - The sensitivity of 30 electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, isolated or combined, was examined to determine the relation to the underlying disease. Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), systemic hypertension, valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathy were evaluated. A cardiac partition technique was used to define ventricular hypertrophy. Single electrocardiographic criteria often showed high sensitivity for 1 disease state, but not for others. Precordial voltage criteria were most sensitive for those with hypertensive and valvular disease. A QRS axis of more than -30 degrees occurred most often in patients with CAD. Both left atrial abnormality and abnormal T-wave inversion of more than 1 mm in V6 occurred with a high sensitivity in general; however, T-wave inversion of more than 1 mm in V6 had a low sensitivity in cardiomyopathy. Methods using combinations of various electrocardiographic criteria improved sensitivity. Using these methods, sensitivity of the electrocardiogram for LV hypertrophy was excellent for patients with systemic hypertension and valvular heart disease and acceptable by usual standards for patients with CAD and cardiomyopathy. Because the use of a single criterion is often ineffective, methods using multiple electrocardiographic criteria to detect LV hypertrophy are recommended when the patients under study have diverse cardiac diseases. PMID- 3155903 TI - Simultaneous percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and transcatheter embolization of iatrogenic aortocoronary vein fistula. PMID- 3155904 TI - Coronary arterial occlusion three months after successful thrombolysis and angioplasty at the same site. PMID- 3155905 TI - Echocardiographic features of amyloid ischemic heart disease. PMID- 3155906 TI - Thrombosis complicating balloon angioplasty of left pulmonary artery stenosis after Fontan's procedure: successful treatment with intravenous streptokinase. PMID- 3155907 TI - Occlusion time and inflation pressure in pulmonary valvuloplasty. PMID- 3155908 TI - Malignant angioendotheliomatosis. An angiotropic lymphoma? AB - A 61-year-old women developed progressive neurologic deficits and died with pneumonia and septicemia. An autopsy demonstrated the characteristic intravascular and focal perivascular infiltrate of malignant angioendotheliomatosis (MAE) throughout the body but concentrated in the central nervous system and skin. Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells lacked evidence of endothelial differentiation. Immunohistochemical studies showed focal staining for Factor VIII-related antigen, probably on a nonspecific basis, negative staining for Ulex europaeus I lectin (an endothelial cell marker), and intense staining for leukocyte common antigen. The authors' observations provide evidence that at least some examples of MAE are unusual, angiotropic lymphoid neoplasms. PMID- 3155909 TI - Beta-glucuronidase deficiency. A heterogeneous mucopolysaccharidosis. AB - We studied two cases of beta-glucuronidase deficiency. One patient's disease was present at birth and the other patient's disease appeared in early childhood. The symptoms observed in both patients, although of differing severity, included peculiar facies, cloudy cornea, hepatosplenomegaly, hernia, kyphosis, recurrent infections, short stature, and developmental delay, as well as increased excretion of urinary chondroitin sulfate A/C and decreased levels of beta glucuronidase activity. We reviewed all of the reported cases and examined the biochemical and clinical heterogeneity observed in this disorder. PMID- 3155910 TI - Unequal cardiac care for children with Down's syndrome. AB - We reviewed the course of all 36 new patients with complete atrioventricular canal defect (CAVC) seen in a regional center from 1977 through 1982. Of this group of 36 patients, 28 had Down's syndrome. The eight children without Down's syndrome were all referred before 1 year of age. Surgical intervention was possible for each child. Of the 28 with Down's syndrome, 18 were referred before 1 year of age. Surgery intervention was possible in 17 (94%) of 18. Of the ten children with Down's syndrome referred after 1 year of age, surgical therapy was not possible in five because of pulmonary vascular obstructive disease (PVOD). Since CAVC is known to progress to PVOD at an early age, it is not surprising that half of those patients referred after 1 year of age had become inoperable because of this complication. We therefore concluded that in spite of the severity of CAVC some children with Down's syndrome and this heart condition are being denied standard cardiac care by the process of late referral. PMID- 3155911 TI - Hypersensitivity phenomena and the kidney: role of drugs and environmental agents. PMID- 3155912 TI - Red blood cell adenine nucleotides abnormalities in Down syndrome. AB - The red blood cell adenine nucleotides of 20 Down Syndrome patients and 20 healthy controls were determined by a new high-performance liquid chromatography method. All patients showed increased concentrations of adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), while adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) were within normal ranges. This alternation of the energetic charge could be partly responsible for the impairment of glucose metabolism in these patients. PMID- 3155913 TI - Immunological abnormalities in healthy relatives of patients with IgA nephropathy. AB - Patients with IgA nephropathy have elevated serum levels of polymeric IgA, probably due to an increase in their synthesis by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and specific abnormalities in the immunoregulation of IgA. The existence of familial cases of IgA nephropathy, as well as the published association of this nephropathy with some antigens of the HLA system, decided us to test the hypothesis that some of these alterations might be genetically controlled. For this reason we studied some of these immunological assays in 25 first-degree relatives of 7 patients with IgA nephropathy and 22 control subjects matched for age and sex. An abnormal immunological assay was found in at least 1 relative of all families examined. Thus, 16 of 25 relatives had a significant increase in the percentage of polymeric IgA-producing cells after 7 days of culture in the presence of pokeweed mitogen. Some derangement in the concanavalin A generation of specific IgA suppressor cells was found in 11 out of 25 relatives. These results are, though in lower frequency, similar to those seen in patients and suggest that the IgA-immunological abnormalities observed are genetic markers, even if they cannot by themselves explain the pathogenesis of the IgA nephropathy. The absence of IgA immune complexes seen in relatives as well as their high prevalence in patients suggest that in predisposed subjects other factors (genetic or not) are required for the development of IgA nephropathy. PMID- 3155914 TI - Suppressor cells in human decidua. AB - Decidual suppressor cells have been found in the murine system. These cells are absent at the implantation sites of interspecies mouse embryos which become infiltrated by maternal cytotoxic cells. Suppression is also deficient at the sites of the spontaneous resorption of fetuses in allomated intraspecies pregnancies. This study was carried out to determine whether similar suppressor cells were present in the decidua during successful human allopregnancies. Decidua was obtained from gestations of 13 to 15 weeks and from term gestations, and the lymphocytes were tested for their ability to suppress the response of their peripheral blood lymphocytes to concanavalin A. Eight of eight 13- to 15 week decidual lymphocytes proved to be suppressive. At term seven of twelve lymphocyte preparations at a lower concentration of cells and six of seven at a higher concentration showed suppression. Suppressor cells appear to be present in human decidua and may play a role in preventing maternal immunologic attack on the allogenic embryo, thereby preventing spontaneous abortion. PMID- 3155916 TI - Predicting outcome of group counseling with severely disabled patients. AB - Client characteristics associated with outcome of group counseling were identified in a sample of physically disabled persons using standardized self report inventories. Thirty-eight subjects were tested before and after an 8 week treatment interval for signs of emotional disorder, inactivity, and social problems related to being severely disabled. Treatment consisted of group conference phone calls using self determined task assignments as a focus for discussion. Change in report of life satisfaction was predicted reliably from pretest data. Loneliness accounted for 73% of the variance in posttreatment life satisfaction scores. Other significant predictors included signs of depression, alcohol use, and constructs related to social support. Using regression analysis, persons with adjustment problems could be identified and prognosis for treatment predicted with acceptable reliability. PMID- 3155915 TI - Morphologic and immunologic characterization of 50 peripheral T-cell lymphomas. AB - Fifty T-cell lymphomas, excluding mycosis fungoides and lymphoblastic lymphoma, were studied morphologically and immunohistochemically with a panel of monoclonal antibodies reactive with T-cell differentiation antigens in fresh frozen tissue. Histologically, 36% of the lymphomas were large-cell immunoblastic, 26% were diffuse large-cell, 22% were diffuse mixed small and large-cell, and 16% were monomorphic medium-sized-cell lymphomas. By immunologic studies, 64% of the lymphomas were of helper phenotype, 12% were of cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype, 8% expressed both helper and cytotoxic/suppressor suppressor antigenic markers, and 16% lacked detectable markers for either helper or cytotoxic/suppressor cells. There was no correlation between histologic category and immunophenotype. A common finding, and one which may prove to be helpful in the diagnosis of T cell lymphomas, was the loss of one or more of the pan-T antigens Leu 1, 4, and 5 or the T-cell antigen Leu 9 in 32 cases. The expression of Leu 1 and Leu 9 was lost in 46% of cases, expression of Leu 4 was lost in 26%, and expression of Leu 5 was lost in 24%. About three-quarters of the lymphomas expressed Ia antigens. PMID- 3155917 TI - Peritoneal absorption of macromolecules studied by quantitative autoradiography. AB - Transport experiments of 125I-human serum albumin from the peritoneal cavity to the plasma were conducted in 200-g female rats. Blood and peritoneal samples were collected at intervals over 2-3 h. After death and rapid freezing of the animal, transverse sections were cut in a cryomicrotome from several tissues surrounding the peritoneal cavity, and the distribution of the labeled albumin was measured by computerized quantitative macroautoradiography. Tissue concentrations (counts/min per wet tissue wt) in parietal tissues (anterior abdominal wall and the diaphragm) were relatively constant versus distance from the peritoneum and represented a large fraction (0.5-1.0) of the concentration in the peritoneal cavity. Fractional concentrations in visceral tissues (liver, stomach, intestine) decreased from 0.20-0.35 at the peritoneal surface to 0.03-0.06 at a distance of 900 micron from the peritoneum. Uterine tissue concentrations lay between those of the parietal tissues and those of the viscera. The data are related to mechanisms of interstitial and lymphatic transport in these tissues. PMID- 3155918 TI - Mechanisms of the defect in cardiac myofibrillar function during diabetes. AB - Diabetes was induced in rats by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body wt), and animals were killed 8 wk later. Some animals were maintained in a diabetic state for 6 wk and then given 2 wk of insulin treatment in vivo. Myofibrils were isolated and ATPase activities measured. Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+ stimulated ATPase activities were depressed in diabetic rat hearts in comparison to control; insulin treatment normalized these activities. The depression in myofibrillar ATPases was of gradual onset as no changes were detected 2 wk after inducing diabetes. Treatment of diabetic animals with thyroid hormone did not restore changes in myofibrillar ATPase activities. Marker enzyme activities did not reveal any detectable contamination by cardiac membranes. Mg2+-ATPase activity of myofibrillar preparations from control and diabetic hearts responded differently to N-ethylmaleimide modification. Furthermore, myofibrillar sulfhydryl reactivity to 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) was significantly depressed in diabetic preparations in comparison to control and insulin-treated diabetic animals. These results suggest that the defect in myofibrillar ATPase activities in chronic diabetes may be due to some modification of sulfhydryl groups. PMID- 3155919 TI - Development of a cardiomyopathy in a model of noninsulin-dependent diabetes. AB - Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin (SZ) at 3 days of age. This maneuver produced a marked glucose intolerance, as determined by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, but plasma fasting and nonfasting glucose values remained at or near normal throughout the 12-mo study period. Hearts obtained from these glucose-intolerant rats exhibited a progressive cardiomyopathy that consisted of both contractile and metabolic abnormalities. Contractile abnormalities were characterized by reductions in aortic output, ventricular pressure, and cardiac work. Associated with these mechanical defects was a decrease in glucose utilization. These abnormalities were not ameliorated by acute exposure to insulin or changes in the work load of the heart. These results demonstrate that, in the rat, a progressive cardiomyopathy results from persistent glucose intolerance in the absence of fasting hyperglycemia. This cardiomyopathy is reminiscent of that described in human noninsulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 3155920 TI - Drop-counting flow computer. AB - An inexpensive microcomputer (VIC-20) was adapted to count drops of fluid and calculate flow. To minimize both the expense and the bench space occupied by the flow computer, we eliminated the need for a video monitor by employing a liquid crystal alphanumeric display. Neither tape recorders nor disk drives are needed because the flow-computing program resides in a "game cartridge." Furthermore, the power supply of the computer powers the interface and display. The computer's real-time clock is utilized to time intervals between drops falling through an infrared beam. The computed flow values are then shown on the liquid crystal display, and they are sent to an external recorder via a digital-to-analog converter. A second digital-to-analog converter can be used to trigger a fraction collector. When compared with timed manual collections, the flow computer was shown to yield highly accurate, linear measurements of water and blood flow. Although the drops-per-milliliter constant varied with orifice size and hematocrit, the hematocrit fluctuations observed in typical isolated organ experiments would not appreciably affect the blood flow determinations. PMID- 3155921 TI - Expiratory valves and anaesthetic reservoir bags. The implications of scavenging. AB - The pressure-volume characteristics of 24 new and old '2-litre' anaesthetic reservoir bags of three different makes were measured. When inflated with gas to a pressure of 50 Pa all the new bags and six used ones contained 1.6 litres and when filled with 2 litres of gas, the pressure within them exceeded 700 Pa. The opening pressures and pressure drops to 30 litres/minute gas flow of scavenging adjustable pressure limiting valves were also investigated. Tests were carried out on 44 valves of four different types, all with their adjusting screws in the fully open position. All the valves had low opening pressures and pressure drops which were both further decreased when the orientation of the valves was changed to the inverted position. A substantial proportion of them remained permanently open. After one year's use both opening pressure and pressure drop tended to rise, the proportion of permanently open valves increased and the discs of some valves were damaged. PMID- 3155922 TI - Clearance from cerebrospinal fluid of intrathecally administered beta-endorphin in monkeys. PMID- 3155924 TI - The Daedalus effect: changes in ethical questions relating to hepatitis B virus. AB - The Daedalus myth is a metaphor for aspects of the scientific process. When a problem is solved it often raises others, and when these in turn are solved they generate additional questions. Although perfect solutions may not be possible, major improvements can be made in many cases. Research on the hepatitis B virus is an example. The ability to detect carriers of hepatitis B virus contributed to the control of post-transfusion hepatitis but raised social and ethical problems inherent to the identification of carriers in the community. Partial solutions to this problem resulted from the ability to distinguish infectious from noninfectious carriers by the use of the hepatitis B antigen (HBeAg) test and the development of an effective vaccine against hepatitis B virus. These solutions will undoubtedly lead to other problems and their solutions, which will in turn lead to other ethical and medical questions. PMID- 3155925 TI - Fluorouracil and the palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome. PMID- 3155923 TI - Postsystolic shortening of canine left ventricle supplied by a stenotic coronary artery when nitrous oxide is added in the presence of narcotics. AB - The effects of fentanyl and sufentanil with and without N2O on left ventricular myocardium supplied by a critically narrowed and a normal coronary artery were studied in 16 dogs. Regional ventricular function was measured by recording ventricular segment length with the use of ultrasonic length detectors in the left anterior descending (LAD) and the left circumflex (LC) coronary artery territories before and during critical stenosis of the LAD. Critical stenosis was documented by the absence of a hyperemic response following a 10-s total occlusion of the LAD. Hemodynamic variables (aortic flow and pressure, left ventricular pressure, heart rate, and coronary blood flow) were measured and the first derivative of left ventricular pressure (LVdP/dt) and coronary perfusion pressure derived. Eight dogs received fentanyl 100 micrograms X kg-1 followed by an infusion of 1 microgram X kg-1 X min-1 while ventilated with O2:N2 (1:2), and eight dogs received sufentanil 30 micrograms X kg-1 with an infusion of 0.3 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1. Replacement of N2 with N2O produced evidence of mild systolic myocardial depression but no dysfunction in either group. After application of the critical constriction, the addition of N2O rapidly produced evidence of dysfunction with significant postsystolic shortening only in the LAD territory. This was not accompanied by hypotension or a decrease in coronary flow and was not always reversible. Higher infusion rates of either narcotic (fentanyl 2 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1, 4 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1; sufentanil 0.6 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1, 1.2 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) in the absence of N2O did not produce dysfunction but had no protective effect when N2O was added.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3155926 TI - Isolation of T lymphocyte subsets from peripheral blood using monoclonal antilymphocyte antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antisera against helper (serum OKT4) and suppressor (serum OKT8) T cells were employed in a complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity reaction to isolate helper and suppressor T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. When prepared by this method, helper and suppressor T cells had a purity of 67.8 percent and 78.8 percent, respectively. Approximately 56 percent of viable suppressor and 33 percent of viable helper T cells were lost during the procedure. PMID- 3155927 TI - Phospholipid and detergent effects on (Ca2+ + Mg2+)ATPase purified from human erythrocytes. AB - (Ca2+ + Mg2+)ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) was solubilized from human erythrocyte membranes by detergent extraction with Triton N-101 (0.5 mg/mg membrane protein) and purified by calmodulin affinity chromatography. ATPase activity was assayed in mixtures of Triton N-101 and phospholipid, without reconstitution into bilayer vesicles. At low levels of phospholipid (5 micrograms/ml), the ATPase activity was highly sensitive to the detergent concentration, with maximal activity occurring at or near the critical micelle concentration of the detergent. With increased amounts of phospholipid (50 micrograms/ml), detergent concentrations greater than the critical micelle concentration were required for maximal activity. Detergent alone did not support ATPase activity. Sonicated phospholipid in the form of vesicles was equally ineffective. Activity seemed to be dependent on the presence of detergent/phospholipid mixed micelles. The acidic phospholipids, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol, as well as the commercial phospholipid preparation, Asolectin, gave activities five to eight times greater than the same amount of phosphatidylcholine. Mixtures of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine produced intermediate ATPase activities, with the maximal value dependent on the phosphatidylserine concentration. Addition of phosphatidylcholine to fixed concentrations of phosphatidylserine caused a rise in activity that was independent of the ratio of the two phospholipids or the total phospholipid concentration. Phosphatidylcholine may therefore be irreplaceable for some aspect of ATPase function. The number of phospholipid molecules present in mixed micelles at maximal ATPase activity was calculated to be near 50. This value implied that the hydrophobic surface of the ATPase molecule must be completely coated by a single layer of phospholipid molecules for maximum activity to occur. PMID- 3155928 TI - Regulation of dolichyl phosphate-mediated protein glycosylation: estrogen effects on glucosyl transfers in oviduct membranes. AB - Regulation of Glc transfer from UDP-Glc via Glc-P-Dolichol to form Glc3-Man9 oligosaccharide-lipid has been studied during estrogen-induced chick oviduct differentiation. The process was studied as two distinct reactions: transfer of Glc from UDP-Glc to Dol-P, forming Glc-P-Dol; and transfer of Glc from Glc-P-Dol to Man9-OL (oligosaccharide-lipid), forming a series of glucosylated oligosaccharide-lipids. Kinetic analysis of [14C]Glc transfer from UDP-[14C]Glc to endogenous Dol-P shows that Dol-P is limiting in membrane preparations and that, concomitant with estrogen-induced differentiation, there is an increase in Dol-P available for Glc transfers. There is also greater glucosyl transferase activity present in membranes from mature hens and estrogenized chicks than in membranes from immature chicks. In order to study the second phase of glucosylation, transfer to the oligosaccharide, it was necessary to develop an assay in which membranes could be reacted with exogenously added substrates, [14C]Glc-P-Dol and [3H]Man9-OL. This reaction is dependent on detergent (0.02% NP 40 was used) and is stimulated by EDTA. The apparent Km for Glc-P-Dol was about 1.5 microM. A series of double-labeled oligosaccharides having sizes consistent with Glc1-, Glc2-, and Glc3-Man9-OL were formed. Chemical and enzymatic analysis of [14C]Glc oligosaccharides formed by incubation with the exogenous substrates, or by incubation with UDP-[14C]Glc and endogenous acceptors, indicated that the glucosylated oligosaccharides were similar. Assays of membranes from estrogenized chicks, mature hens, and hormone-withdrawn chicks showed increased glucosyl transferase activity upon hormone treatment. Similar assays in the absence of exogenous Man9-OL indicated that hormone treatment was also accompanied by increased levels of endogenous oligosaccharide-lipid acceptors. PMID- 3155929 TI - Characterization of transverse tubule membrane proteins: tentative identification of the Mg-ATPase. AB - Vesiculated fragments of chicken skeletal muscle transverse tubule (TT) membranes were analyzed for their content of loosely associated and integral membrane proteins. Of particular interest was the identification of the magnesium stimulated ATPase (Mg-ATPase), which is characteristically located in native isolated TT vesicles of chicken skeletal muscle [R. A. Sabbadini and V. R. Okamoto (1983) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 223, 107-119]. A number of the proteins found in vesicular TT preparations were found to be extractable by a mild Triton X100 treatment and were identified as aldolase, enolase, creatine kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase. Approximately 60% of TT-associated protein was extracted with Triton, resulting in a twofold enrichment of the Mg-ATPase. Concommitantly, one core integral membrane protein possessing a Mr of 102,000 was enriched, suggesting that it is responsible for the Mg-ATPase activity present in chicken skeletal muscle TT membranes. PMID- 3155930 TI - [Chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer]. AB - The incidence of pancreatic cancer has been increasing in recent years. In spite of advances in diagnosis with new imaging techniques, the disease is usually advanced by the time of diagnosis. In order to improve the poor prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer the development of an effective chemotherapy is essential. However, a review of the literature reveals that relatively few drugs have been evaluated for anticancer activity in pancreatic cancer. Anti-cancer drugs whose effectiveness have been confirmed are 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin C, streptozotocin, and adriamycin. A relatively high rate of response using combinations of these drugs has been reported. In addition to these drugs, tegafur is widely used in Japan. Other drugs need further trials and adequate evaluation. PMID- 3155931 TI - Distribution of T-cell subpopulations in the peripheral blood of patients with erythrodermic psoriasis. AB - In the present study the percentages of T cells and T-cell subsets, as defined by Fc receptors and monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, HLA-DR) were determined in the peripheral blood of 12 patients with psoriasis, including six patients with erythroderma and 6 with active, but limited disease. The patients with erythroderma were studied before treatment and 4-8 weeks following. The mean percentages of E-rosette-forming cells and T-cell subsets reactive with the monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8 were within normal limits, as were the percentages of T mu-cells, irrespective of the extent or activity of the disease. The mean percentage of T gamma-cells was reduced in the patients with untreated erythrodermic psoriasis but not in the patients with limited disease. Comparison of the T gamma values in the erythroderma group before and after therapy showed a slight, but statistically significant increase (P less than 0.03). These results indicate a direct relationship between the T gamma deficit and the extent of skin involvement, and argue against a primary suppressor T-cell defect in psoriasis vulgaris. PMID- 3155933 TI - Lymphocytes bearing Fc gamma receptors in rheumatoid arthritis. III. Immunoregulatory function associated with Facb rosette-forming cells. AB - A subpopulation of mononuclear cells (PBMNC) that expresses Fc receptors with specificity for the C gamma 2 region of IgG may be detected by rosette formation with calf erythrocytes coated with the Facb fragment of rabbit IgG. These Facb-R+ cells are found in increased numbers in the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Studies have been carried out to identify the functional properties of these cells in healthy and rheumatoid subjects. Facb-R+ cells were shown to lack both natural killer and antibody-dependent cytotoxic activity. Depletion of Facb-R+ cells from both healthy and rheumatoid PBMNC resulted in a marked suppression of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated IgG synthesis but had no effect on T cell proliferation induced by phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A, or PWM. The addition of Facb fragments to PBMNC cultures also caused inhibition of PWM-driven IgG production. In this assay rheumatoid PBMNC were significantly less sensitive to Facb-mediated suppression than healthy control cells. Our results suggest that Facb-R+ cells are involved in the antibody-mediated feedback regulation of immunoglobulin synthesis and that this mechanism is impaired in patients with RA. PMID- 3155932 TI - Lymphocytes bearing Fc gamma receptors in rheumatoid arthritis. II. Phenotypic characterisation of mononuclear cells forming Facb rosettes in RA. AB - We have previously reported an increased proportion of Facb-rosette forming cells in the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in comparison with healthy controls. The present study investigates the surface phenotype of these cells by means of monoclonal antibodies and a variety of rosetting and lymphocyte fractionation techniques. Facb-R+ cells were found to lack surface markers characteristic of T and B lymphocytes. Studies with monoclonal reagents showed a positive reaction with OKIa1, OKM1, and another monocyte-specific antibody. Fac R+ cells were recognised by anti-HLA-DR reagents but did not bind the monoclonal antibody 17.15 that recognises a determinant on HLA-DR antigens expressed by lymphocytes but not monocytes. These results show that Facb-R+ cells share certain surface characteristics with monocytes, though they are not phagocytic. These observations are consistent with an accessory role for Facb-R+ cells in the immune response. PMID- 3155934 TI - Patterns of atherosclerosis and their surgical significance. AB - The records of 13,827 patients admitted on one or more occasions to The Methodist Hospital in Houston on the service of the senior author for the treatment of arterial atherosclerotic occlusive disease from 1948 to 1983 were analyzed. The data derived from this analysis are believed to support the concept that atherosclerotic occlusive disease tends to assume characteristic patterns that may be classified, by predominant site or distribution of the disease, into five major categories: (I) the coronary arterial bed, (II) the major branches of the aortic arch, (III) the visceral arterial branches of the abdominal aorta, (IV) the terminal abdominal aorta and its major branches, and (V) a combination of two or more of these categories occurring simultaneously. Category IV had the highest proportion of patients (about two-fifths), Category I the second highest (almost one-third), and Category III had the lowest percentage (3%). Atherosclerotic occlusive disease in all categories tends to be well localized and usually occurs in the proximal or midproximal portions of the arterial bed. Such lesions are amenable to effective surgical treatment directed toward restoration of normal circulation. Less commonly, however, the occlusive disease in all categories occurs predominantly in the distal portions of the arterial bed, and such lesions are usually not amenable to effective surgical treatment. Patients in Categories I and III were significantly younger than those in the other categories and, although males predominated in all categories, Categories II and III contained significantly more female patients than did the other categories. In general, however, female patients behaved like male patients in virtually all aspects of the study. The rates of progression of the disease may be classified into: rapid (0 to 36 months), moderate (37 to 120 months), and slow (more than 120 months). The rapid and moderate rates of progression occurred most frequently in Categories II and IV, and the moderate and slow rates occurred most frequently in Category I. The possibility for development of recurrence or progression of disease in the same category and in a new category was significantly greater in younger patients. The patient's sex had no significant influence in this regard. Among the various categories, patients in Category IV had the highest incidence of development of disease in a new category, and Category I had the lowest incidence. Patients originally in Category II had a somewhat greater tendency to development of disease in Category IV, and patients originally in Category IV, for development of disease in Category II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3155935 TI - Immunology of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. AB - Frequently peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) do not reflect the tumor host relationship and cell mediated immunity in the PBL does not often correlate with prognosis. The tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) interact most closely with the tumor cells and are likely to more accurately reflect tumor host interactions. These studies indicate that TIL from pulmonary tumors are similar to PBL so far as their cell surface markers are concerned. The percentage of T cells, B-cells, helper cells, suppressor cells, and NK cells are similar in the two compartments. However, the TIL are markedly suppressed in their functional capacity as measured by their proliferative and cytotoxic activity. In addition, natural killer (NK) cell activity is markedly diminished in TIL as opposed to the PBL. In addition, the direct injection of BCG into these tumors reverses this phenomenon by significantly increasing T-cell and NK cell functional activity. Thus, the microenvironment of the tumor profoundly affects the immunologic relationship between the tumor and the host. PMID- 3155937 TI - Emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery for threatened acute myocardial infarction related to coronary artery catheterization. AB - In 20 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization, usually involving balloon catheter dilation or streptokinase infusion, catheter-induced coronary artery intimal damage resulted in severe chest pain, electrocardiographic evidence of obstruction or dissection of a major coronary artery. These patients were surgically revascularized within 8 hours after the onset of the acute chest pain syndrome. Our experience with pharmacological and catheter-related manipulations to improve coronary blood flow after the ischemic episode but before operation suggested that the additional time spent in the catheterization laboratory was worthwhile. The injured coronary artery was the left anterior descending in 10 patients, the right in 8, the left main in 1 patient, and an obtuse marginal branch of the circumflex in 1. The average number of grafts per patient was 2.5; only 6 patients had single bypass grafts. In 5 patients, intraaortic balloon pumping was used either preoperatively or postoperatively. Inotropic support was used postoperatively in 5 patients, and 7 patients received lidocaine for ventricular irritability. Abnormal elevation of the serum isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) was seen in 8 patients, and new Q waves were noted in 4 patients; 3 of these 4 patients with new Q waves also had abnormal serum CK-MB levels. Global ejection fraction obtained by the equilibrium-gated blood pool scan postoperatively was 60 +/- 3%, which was similar to the 62 +/- 3% obtained from the contrast-determined ventriculogram done preoperatively prior to the catheter related injury. There were no early or late deaths, but morbidity was much higher in the group who had emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) compared with those who had elective CABG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3155936 TI - Baffle obstruction following the Mustard operation: cause and treatment. AB - Baffle obstruction developed in 11 patients after they had undergone the Mustard procedure. Eight of them required operative revision. The cause of the baffle obstruction seemed to be related to patient age (less than 1 year) and to the use of Dacron for the baffle but not to the shape of the baffle. A technique of revision that involves widely opening the previously placed baffle and enlarging it and the atriotomy with polytetrafluoroethylene was employed for the last 6 patients. All 5 survivors of this operation had good long-term results without recurrence. PMID- 3155938 TI - Effects of simulated clinical cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia on mass of the canine left ventricle. AB - Myocardial edema is a well-documented response to ischemia and reperfusion in dogs and can be detected as an increase in left ventricular (LV) mass measured echocardiographically. Investigation in human beings has failed to demonstrate similar increases in LV mass after routine cardiac operations. However, direct comparison of these observations is not possible, because dogs have not been studied under conditions of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and global ischemia that rigorously reproduce those of a clinical operation. Accordingly, clinical CPB and global ischemia were simulated in 8 adult dogs. Multisection two-dimensional echocardiograms and a computerized light pen were used to calculate LV volume and mass. The data were analyzed during four periods: before CPB; CPB before cross clamping; CPB after cross-clamping, and after CPB. Echocardiographic LV mass increased significantly from 89.5 +/- 7.4 gm (before CPB) to 94.6 +/- 8.5 gm (CPB before cross-clamping) (p less than 0.05) and from 94.6 +/- 8.5 gm to 100.4 +/- 8.1 gm (CPB after cross-clamping) (p less than 0.05). Overall, mass increased 13.9% (p less than 0.05). Mean wall thickness increased 0.08 cm (p less than 0.05) overall and correlated with the increase in mass (r = 0.79). Postmortem mass correlated well with late echocardiographic mass (r = 0.95). Interobserver correlation of 98 separate mass determinations was high (r = 0.84) with a coefficient of variation of 10.5%. We conclude that canine LV mass increases significantly with CPB and global ischemia maintained within clinical standards and that human beings and dogs may differ in extent of edema during CPB. PMID- 3155939 TI - Inversion devices: their role in producing lumbar distraction. AB - Twenty persons with chronic low back pain participated in a clinical study to evaluate the effects of gravity traction. Each subject was instructed in the use of three devices, two for inversion and one for upright suspension traction. Baseline pulse and rate blood pressure were recorded before and after traction. Periods of traction did not exceed 20 minutes. The order of use of the devices was randomized. Each participant was monitored for significant side effects and was questioned to determine which device was best tolerated, easiest to use, or caused changes in back symptoms. Lateral lumbar spine radiographs were taken with the subject in the standing position and after varying periods of inversion. Observations included the following: An average increase in blood pressure of 17.2 systolic (range 4-34) and 16.4 diastolic (range 2-50) while in the inverted position. An average decrease in heart rate of 16.4 beats per minute (range, 4 32). No significant physiologic changes of blood pressure or pulse were observed in patients using GLR suspension traction; distraction of the lower lumbar intervertebral spaces (range, 0.3 to 4.0 mm) with inverted traction in all cases; side effects including periorbital and pharyngeal petechiae (one patient), persistent headaches (three patients), persistent blurred vision (three patients), and contact lense discomfort (one patient); and improvement of low back symptoms in 13 of the 16 symptomatic patients. Although these devices make lumbar traction practical in a home setting, their use should be under medical supervision because of possible side effects. PMID- 3155940 TI - Pending litigation and rehabilitation outcome of chronic back pain. AB - The effects of pending litigation for compensation on treatment outcomes of patients with chronic low back pain, were assessed. The 81 patients with chronic low back pain who participated in a six-week behavioral treatment program organized around the theme of self-control, were differentiated according to whether there were unsettled legal claims for compensation. Scales from the MMPI and Health Index were administered before and after treatment. Three behavioral measures of physical mobility were obtained from representative subsamples in each group before and after treatment and at one and three months follow-up. Results indicated that after treatment, patients without litigation pending obtained significantly greater reductions on the Hypochondriasis and Hysteria scales of the MMPI and achieved relatively greater improvements on two behavior measures. Because patients with litigation pending also evidenced significant behavioral gains, the belief that these patients are at risk for treatment appears to be true only in relation to the patients without current litigation rather than in an absolute sense. PMID- 3155941 TI - Antigenic and biochemical analysis of influenza "A" H3N2 viruses isolated from pigs. AB - Four influenza A-H3N2 viruses isolated in pigs from different herds in Central Italy in the period 1981/82 have been antigenically and biochemically analysed. Three of them A/Sw/Italy/2/81, A/Sw/Italy/7/81, A/Sw/Italy/8/82 were found to be serologically related to A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3N2). These three viruses were shown to have an identical electrophoretic pattern, as regards virus induced polypeptides and were clearly distinguishable from the virus A/Sw/Italy/6/81 which was antigenically related to A/England/42/72 (H3N2) and A/Sw/Taiwan/7310/70 as shown by specific monoclonal and polyclonal antisera. The observed biochemical variations underline the importance of the changes occurring by genetic reassortments or mutations in human influenza viruses, during their maintenance in pigs. PMID- 3155942 TI - Reassortants of influenza B viruses for use in vaccines: an evaluation. AB - Three slightly different procedures for the preparation of influenza B virus reassortants from B/Lee/40 and B/Lyon/79, and B/Johannesburg/58 and B/Hong Kong/82 parental viruses are described. Following cloning procedures in eggs or allantois-on-shell cultures in the presence of antisera to B/Lee or B/Johannesburg, twenty-eight putative reassortants were obtained. Using SDS-PAGE to determine the migration rates of virion polypeptides, eighteen isolates from mixed infections of B/Lee with B/Lyon, and three isolates from mixed infections of B/Johannesburg with B/Hong Kong, were found to be reassortants. All reassortants possessed surface proteins derived from either B/Lyon or B/Hong Kong and one to three internal polypeptides from either B/Lee or B/Johannesburg. None of the reassortants showed a growth capacity in embryonated eggs as high as that of their B/Lee or B/Johannesburg parent viruses. The procedures used, and the influenza B reassortants thus generated, would appear to offer no major advantages over the existing methods and influenza B strains at present employed for the preparation of inactivated influenza virus vaccines. PMID- 3155944 TI - The two-photon induced fluorescence of the tumor localizing photosensitizer hematoporphyrin derivative via 1064 nm photons from a 20 ns Q-switched Nd-YAG laser. AB - We demonstrate the direct 1064 nm two-photon excitation of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD), a complex mixture of photosensitizing porphyrins which is selectively retained in tumor tissue and used in cancer photochemotherapy. Although 1064 nm is outside of the one-photon HPD absorption spectrum, two-photon induced fluorescence from HPD was observed following excitation by the 20 ns output of an amplified, Q-switched Nd-YAG laser at peak power levels of 0.1 to 3 GW/cm2. Evidence for the successful two-photon excitation to vibrational levels of the S1 state consists of the observation of the known HPD fluorescence spectrum exhibiting peaks at approximately 615 and 675 nm, with the observed two photon induced fluorescence intensity exhibiting a quadratic dependence on the excitation laser intensity as required for a direct two-photon process. More generally, these results suggest the possibility for the achievement of photosensitized oxidations utilizing photons of lower energy than that required for single photon excitation, offering the potential for both greater selectivity and a reduction in competing photochemical processes. PMID- 3155943 TI - Limited proteolysis of human erythrocyte Ca2+-ATPase in membrane-bound form. Identification of calmodulin-binding fragments. AB - Water-soluble and membrane-bound calmodulin-binding polypeptides formed upon limited proteolysis of erythrocyte ghosts were isolated by means of affinity chromatography. Immune blotting revealed that all isolated fragments originated from Ca2+-ATPase. Among the fragments obtained those having formed an acylphosphate intermediate were identified. The N-terminal residue of purified intact Ca2+-ATPase was shown to be blocked (probably acylated). PMID- 3155945 TI - Stimulation of hexose transport by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: a possible role for protein kinase C. AB - The protein C kinase activators 1-O-oleoyl, 2-O-acetylglycerol, 12-O tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate, and mezerein, stimulated deoxyglucose uptake in human neutrophils. The responses were stimulus specific since no effect was noted with the diether analogues 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-ethylglycerol, 1-O-palmitoyl-2-O acetyl or 1-O-palmitoyl-3-O-acetyl diesters of propanediol, or with 1,2-diolein. Stimulation of deoxyglucose uptake had the characteristics of carrier facilitated hexose transport. Stimulated uptake of deoxy-glucose was inhibited by trifluoperazine (10-30 microM). Activation of protein kinase C therefore appears to trigger events involved in hexose transport. PMID- 3155946 TI - Diacylglycerols release LH: structure-activity relations reveal a role for protein kinase C. AB - A series of diacylglycerols were synthesized with varying lengths and substituents in order to establish the structure-activity relationship between each with activation of protein kinase C and stimulation of a biological response system (pituitary luteinizing hormone release). This approach enables distinction between actions mediated by direct activation of protein kinase C and those due to other, presumably nonspecific, actions. The ability of diacylglycerols to function as regulators of a biological response system (pituitary luteinizing hormone release) and of protein kinase C was investigated with a series of sn-1,2 diacylglycerols containing fatty acids 4-10 carbons in length and with analogs in which the 3' hydroxyl was replaced with a chloro, hydrogen, or sulfhydryl moiety. Several diacylglycerols stimulated LH release in a saturable, time and dose dependent manner that was independent of extra-cellular calcium. Dioctanoylglycerol (diC8) was the most effective of the diacylglycerols tested; 3' analogs lacking the hydroxyl were inactive. The diacylglycerols activated protein kinase C in vitro whereas the 3' analogs did not. These data implicate protein kinase C in the mechanism of LH release, demonstrate that unsaturated fatty acyl moieties within the diacylglycerol are not required for protein kinase C activation, and establish diacylglycerol-protein kinase C structure-function relationships that should prove useful for investigations in other systems. PMID- 3155947 TI - Effect of castration on the turnover of rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - Castration increased liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity and enzyme protein in male rats. The turnover of alcohol dehydrogenase determined from the decline in radioactivity present in immunoprecipitated enzyme after injection of NaH14CO3 was decreased after castration. The fractional rate of degradation (Kd) for the enzyme was 0.11 . day-1 in the castrated as compared with 0.13 . day-1 in the control animals (P less than 0.05). The fractional rate of synthesis (Ks) of the enzyme was not affected by castration, while the absolute rate of synthesis was increased slightly. This study shows that a decrease in the rate of degradation is the principal cause for the increase in liver alcohol dehydrogenase following castration. PMID- 3155948 TI - [Maternal breast feeding. Promotion through training of the maternal-child health team]. PMID- 3155949 TI - [Toxicology of organochlorine insecticides]. PMID- 3155950 TI - [Occupational health and job-related risks]. PMID- 3155952 TI - [Health education, behavioral change, communication technology and educational materials]. PMID- 3155951 TI - [Epidemiology of lumbar pain in patients at a general polyclinic in Santiago, Chile]. PMID- 3155953 TI - [A case of Down syndrome with moyamoya disease]. PMID- 3155955 TI - Huntington's chorea. A role for the newer anaesthetic agents. PMID- 3155954 TI - Echocardiographic features of impaired left ventricular diastolic function in Chagas's heart disease. AB - To study left ventricular diastolic function in Chagas's disease, simultaneous echocardiograms, phonocardiograms, and apexcardiograms were recorded in 20 asymptomatic patients with positive Chagas's serology and no signs of heart disease (group 1), 12 with Chagas's heart disease and symptoms of ventricular arrhythmia but no heart failure (group 2), 20 normal subjects (group 3), and 12 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (group 4). The recordings were digitised to determine left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time and the rate and duration of left ventricular cavity dimension increase and wall thinning. In groups 1 and 2 (a) aortic valve closure (A2) and mitral valve opening were significantly delayed relative to minimum dimension and were associated with prolonged isovolumic relaxation, (b) left ventricular cavity size was abnormally increased during isovolumic relaxation and abnormally reduced during isovolumic contraction, and (c) peak rate of posterior wall thinning and dimension increase were significantly reduced and duration of posterior wall thinning was significantly prolonged; both of these abnormalities occurred at the onset of diastolic filling. These abnormalities were more pronounced in group 2 and were accompanied by an increase in the height of the apexcardiogram "a" wave, an indication of pronounced atrial systole secondary to end diastolic filling impairment due to reduced left ventricular distensibility. Group 4, which had an established pattern of diastolic abnormalities, showed changes similar to those in group 2; however, the delay in aortic valve closure (A2) and in mitral valve opening and the degree of dimension change were greater in the latter group. Thus early isovolumic relaxation and left ventricular abnormalities were pronounced in the patients with Chagas's heart disease and may precede systolic compromise, which may become apparent in later stages of the disease. The digitised method is valuable in the early detection of myocardial damage. PMID- 3155956 TI - Oral spironolactone therapy for female patients with acne, hirsutism or androgenic alopecia. PMID- 3155957 TI - Alterations of surface receptors on intralesional neutrophils in pustular psoriasis and palmo-plantar pustulosis. AB - Alterations of binding capacity of surface IgG-Fc and complement receptors were demonstrated in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) obtained from the pustular lesions of psoriasis. A marked decrease of C3 receptors, but not of IgG-Fc, was found in PMNs from the lesions of palmo-plantar pustulosis (PPP) and bacterial pustules. PMNs from pustular lesions of psoriasis exhibited only a slight decrease in the number of C3 receptors. No significant decrease in membrane receptors was noted in circulating PMNs from psoriatic patients. We suggest that mechanisms of formation of aseptic subcorneal pustules, mediated by PMN membrane receptors for C3 fragments, are different in pustular psoriasis and PPP. PMID- 3155958 TI - In situ quantification of T-lymphocyte subsets and Langerhans cells in the inflammatory infiltrate of atopic eczema. AB - Tissue from the acute, non-infected eruption of sixteen atopic eczema subjects was subjected to an indirect immunoperoxidase technique using monoclonal antibodies recognizing T-lymphocyte subsets, Langerhans cells and natural killer cells. Over half the cells infiltrating the dermis were T lymphocytes, including a large majority of helper T cells and relatively few suppressor T cells. Langerhans cells were present in significant proportions in the dermis and probably reflected increased antigen presentation within the affected skin. There was no evidence of increased natural killer cell presence. This study suggests that type IV hypersensitivity may be implicated in the aetiology of atopic eczema. PMID- 3155959 TI - Epidermolytic variant of hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma. AB - The seventh family with autosomal dominant epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma is reported. The lesions are clinically indistinguishable from Unna-Thost disease but resemble epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma) histopathologically. A skin biopsy is essential for making the correct diagnosis. One of our patients was treated with isotretinoin for 13 weeks without significant improvement. PMID- 3155960 TI - Lysosomal isoenzyme profiles used to classify a case of acute undifferentiated leukaemia. AB - Lysosomal enzyme activities and isoenzyme profiles were measured in lymphoid and non-lymphoid leukaemic cells from childhood patients. High activities, especially of beta-hexosaminidase and alpha-mannosidase, were associated with leukaemic cells of myeloid or monocytic origin. Leukaemic cells from two children with acute myeloid leukaemia had a relative reduction in the B isoenzyme of beta hexosaminidase activity, whereas in patients with non T, non B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, intermediate beta-hexosaminidase isoenzymes were expressed. A patient is described on whom conventional marker studies were either negative or equivocal, but lysosomal enzyme markers were consistent with a myeloid leukaemia. This observation was supported by the clinical course of this patient. PMID- 3155961 TI - Distribution of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complexes in the surface membranes of human platelets and megakaryocytes. AB - The distribution of glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa complexes in the surface membranes of human platelets and megakaryocytes was investigated by transmission electron microscopy of cells that had been incubated with Fab fragments of a human alloantibody (IgG L) specific for the complex. Binding was visualized by a second antibody conjugated to peroxidase or adsorbed onto gold particles. Initial studies showed that the peroxidase reaction product and the gold particles were to be found at the outer surface of unactivated platelets. The occasional small cluster of particles was present. A positive reaction, more apparent with peroxidase labelling, was also seen in the channels of the platelet open canalicular system. Gold particles were abundant on the outer surface of mature megakaryocytes, and their distribution resembled that on unactivated platelets. As with platelets, peroxidase-labelled antibodies penetrated better, and revealed GP IIb-IIIa in the demarcation membrane system. A double immunofluorescence study, involving Fab fragments of IgG L and rhodamine-conjugated antibodies to factor VIII R:Ag, demonstrated the presence of GP IIb-IIIa in megakaryocyte precursor cells. Our results show that the GP IIb-IIIa complex is present in megakaryocyte membranes and that it appears at the same time as the other platelet antigens. PMID- 3155962 TI - Peanut agglutinin distinguishes CALLA positive reactive bone marrow cells from leukaemic blasts. PMID- 3155963 TI - Increment of suppressor T-cells in patients with aplastic anaemia. PMID- 3155964 TI - Phospholipid exchange between restricted and nonrestricted domains in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. AB - Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of rabbit muscle light sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes consist of two overlapping resonances, one much broader than the other. The broad resonance arises from phospholipids motionally restricted, probably by association with the Ca2+-ATPase, while the narrow resonance arises from phospholipid only slightly perturbed by the presence of the protein. (Selinsky, B.S. and Yeagle, P.L. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 2281-2288). The rate of exchange between the two phospholipid domains represented by the resonances was determined by measuring the transfer of magnetization from the broad resonance to the narrow resonance. The rate of exchange of phospholipids from the restricted domain to the nonrestricted domain was determined to be 1 s-1. PMID- 3155965 TI - Mechanism of action of ryanodine on cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Ryanodine was found to initially inhibit calcium uptake by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. This initial depression was followed by a later marked stimulation of calcium uptake. These effects were noted when calcium uptake was measured in the presence or absence of oxalate. The requirement for preincubation with ryanodine was highly dependent on ryanodine concentration and temperature. The mechanism of action of ryanodine clearly was not an effect on oxalate entry or calcium oxalate precipitation because the effects were also observed in the absence of oxalate. Ryanodine also had no effect on passive calcium efflux from actively loaded vesicles. Because ryanodine had no effect on Ca2+-ATPase activity under defined conditions of an ATP-regenerating system and no calcium gradient, we suggest ryanodine does not change the stoichiometry of the pump. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that ryanodine closes a calcium channel in a subpopulation of the vesicles. PMID- 3155966 TI - Conformational changes in the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum detected using phosphorescence polarization. AB - The technique of time-averaged phosphorescence has been used to study the interaction of calcium ions and ATP with the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. The presence of excess calcium ions was found to cause a 20% decrease in the phosphorescence emission anisotropy. This is interpreted as being due to a conformational change in the protein and is supported by data from time resolved phosphorescence measurements which also show a lowering of the anisotropy. This change in the decay of the emission anisotropy is associated with only minor changes in the rotational relaxation time of the protein and is again suggestive of a conformational change in the protein. In some cases ATP was also observed to lower the time-averaged phosphorescence anisotropy possibly via an interaction with the low-affinity regulatory site of the protein. PMID- 3155967 TI - Affinity labeling of the (Na+ + Mg2+)-ATPase from Acholeplasma laidlawii B membranes by the 2',3'-dialdehyde derivative of adenosine 5'-triphosphate. AB - The (Na+ + Mg2+)-ATPase of the Acholeplasma laidlawii B plasma membrane was inactivated by the 2',3'-dialdehyde derivative of ATP (oATP). oATP behaved as a reversible competitive inhibitor of this ATPase and was slowly hydrolyzed by the enzyme. In addition, oATP induced an irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. A 62% inactivation of the enzyme correlated with the binding of 16 moles of oATP per mole of the enzyme. In the presence of 5'-adenylyl imidodiphosphate, a non hydrolyzable substrate analogue, the stoichiometry was 8 moles oATP per mole of ATPase. By SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, [U-14C]oATP was found to bind covalently to four of the five subunits of the enzyme, but specific labeling was highest for the gamma-subunit of the ATPase. PMID- 3155968 TI - Binding of hematoporphyrin derivative to membranes. Expression of porphyrin heterogeneity and effects of cholesterol studied in large unilamellar liposomes. AB - The binding of hematoporphyrin derivative to membrane was studied at the molecular level, employing fluorimetric techniques and using liposomes (large unilamellar) to model biological membranes. Two specific issues were probed: (a) the effect of increasing the porphyrin-liposome incubation period (37 degrees C, neutral pH, in the dark) from 2 h up to 24 h, with liposomes composed of PC or PC/cholesterol 7:3 (molar ratio); (b) the effects of membrane lipid composition, in terms of mol% cholesterol in PC/cholesterol liposomes, on the porphyrin membrane binding equilibrium, for a long incubation period (16 h). The data were processed and found to be in good agreement with the following proposed model: With time (t greater than 2 h), the porphyrin fractions into three components, two of them binding to membrane with high and low affinities, respectively, the time effect reaching a plateau at 16 h. Linkage was observed between the slow process and changes in the available pools of each fraction. At sufficiently long incubations, the magnitude of each of the two binding fractions was found to be (roughly) 30%, independent of the membrane lipid composition. On the other hand, the magnitude of the binding constants was found to depend on the lipid composition, that of the high-affinity fraction decreasing from 9000 M-1 for 0% cholesterol, to 3000 M-1 for 40% cholesterol, then increasing back to 5000 M-1 upon further increase in cholesterol (to 50% mol) and that of the low-affinity fraction going from 1000 M-1, to 100 M-1, to 300 M-1 for similar lipid compositions. The origin of the time effect, in terms of porphyrin-specific processes, and the biological relevance of the present findings are discussed. PMID- 3155970 TI - Inhibition of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase by carbodiimides. A structure-activity study. AB - Nine hydrophobic carbodiimides were synthesized and their chemical reactivities (towards acetic acid) and inhibitory capacities (towards the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase were measured. No correlation between chemical reactivity and inhibitory efficacy emerges, but a significant effect of molecular bulk on reactivity towards the calcium-protectable carboxyl groups of the ATPase is noted: methyl-substituted compounds inhibit the enzyme in the presence of Ca2+, while aryl- or cyclohexyl substituted compounds do not inactivate in the presence of Ca2+. PMID- 3155969 TI - The effect of mitotic inhibitors on DNA strand size and radiation-associated break repair in Down syndrome fibroblasts. AB - The effect of mitotic inhibitors on formation and repair of DNA breaks was studied in cultured fibroblasts from patients with Down syndrome in order to investigate the hypothesis that the karyotyping procedure itself may play a role in the increased chromosome breakage seen in these cells after gamma radiation exposure. Using the nondenaturing elution and alkaline elution techniques to examine fibroblasts from Down syndrome patients and from controls, no specific abnormalities in Down syndrome cells could be detected after exposure to mitotic inhibitors, including rate and extent of elution of DNA from filters as well as repair of radiation-induced DNA breaks. In both normal and Down syndrome cell strains, however, exposure to mitotic inhibitors was associated with a decrease in cellular DNA strand size, suggesting the presence of drug-induced DNA strand breaks. The mechanism of increased chromosome sensitivity of Down syndrome cells to gamma radiation remains unknown. PMID- 3155971 TI - Hydrolysis of novel diacylglycerol analogs and phorbol diesters by serum lipase. AB - Rat serum, active in the hydrolysis of the tumor-promoting phorbol diester, 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), was examined with regard to lipid interferences of [3H]TPA hydrolysis and enzyme substrate specificity. The enzymatic hydrolysis of TPA could be enhanced 8-fold, over crude serum, by using a lipid-free acetone powder of rat serum. Addition of lipid to the lipid-free acetone powder produced potent inhibition of TPA hydrolysis. The inclusion of multilamallar liposomes resulted in similar inhibition, and isolation of liposomes by high-speed centrifugation showed that 95% of the radiolabeled TPA was associated with the fatty pellet. Substrate specificity studies demonstrated that the serum activity hydrolyzes the long-chain ester of TPA and the long-chain primary acyl group of diacylglycerols. TPA was hydrolyzed at approximately twice the rate of dioleoylglycerol; however, the most reactive substrates were those synthetic analogs of diacylglycerol containing a short-chain ester group at the sn-2 position. Palmitic acid was liberated from [1-14C]palmitoyl-2-acetyl-sn glycerol and [1-14C]palmitoyl-2-butyryl-sn-glycerol at 120- and 33-times the rate of TPA hydrolysis, respectively. Lipase resistant 1-hexadecyl-2 [3H]acetylglycerol was also used as substrate, but the sn-2 ester moiety showed poor lability. The diacylglycerol analogs are new lipase substrates and, in view of their similarities to the fatty acyl portion of TPA, it is thought that these compounds could serve as protein kinase C activators. PMID- 3155972 TI - The effect of hypothyroidism on sarcoplasmic reticulum in fast-twitch muscle of the rat. AB - The effects of hypothyroidism on the Ca2+-transport capabilities of fast-twitch muscle (m. gastrocnemius) of the rat were studied in whole-muscle homogenate and isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum. Hypothyroidism did not affect the percentage recovery and the vesicle composition of the sarcoplasmic reticulum fraction, the total lipid and phospholipid-to-protein ratios and the protein composition (both qualitative and quantitative). Also the Ca2+-loading capacity of purified sarcoplasmic reticulum, in the presence of oxalate, and the Ca2+ and pH dependence of both the uptake reaction and the coupled ATPase activity were unchanged. However, the homogenate Ca2+-loading capacity and the Ca2+-uptake activity were depressed, as was the yield of purified sarcoplasmic reticulum. The results indicate a 31% reduction of the entire sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane system per volume of muscle. Ca2+/ATP coupling ratios, determined in purified sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles by measurement of initial rates of net Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+-Mg2+-dependent hydrolysis of ATP, were found to be 1.48 +/- 0.06 and 2.08 +/- 0.05 in the euthyroid and hypothyroid groups, respectively. Identical values were obtained with a recently described Ca2+-pulse method (Meltzer, S. and Berman, M.C. (1984) Anal. Biochem. 138, 458-464), i.e., 1.53 +/- 0.06 and 2.01 +/- 0.03 in the euthyroid and hypothyroid groups, respectively. Passive Ca2+ efflux from sarcoplasmic reticulum was the same in both groups (30 nmol/mg per min), as was the fraction of vesicles that did not show net uptake of Ca2+ (less than 10%), which makes it unlikely that these parameters provide an explanation for the differences in the coupling ratio. The energy of activation of the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase was increased in hypothyroidism, which may point to changes in the phospholipid environment of the enzyme. Physiological concentrations of T3 and T4 had no effect on the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase in vitro, but all observed changes in the hypothyroid state could be reversed within 14 days by administration of T3 to hypothyroid animals. Approximate calculations indicate that the observed changes in the sarcoplasmic reticulum as a result of thyroid-hormone depletion may contribute significantly to the decrease in relaxation rate and the decrease in energy consumption during contraction. PMID- 3155973 TI - Prosthetic replacement of large defects of the cervical trachea in dogs. AB - Surgical resection and replacement of a segment of the cervical trachea was performed in 8 mongrel dogs. The replacement was with a porous prosthesis made of Dacron cloth mesh stiffened with a heat-curing polyetherurethane. Ten tracheal rings were resected in each animal to create a complete circumferential defect of the trachea measuring 7 or 8 cm in length depending on the size of the dog. Animals were sacrificed periodically from 3 to 27 months post-reconstruction. The luminal surfaces of the reconstructed tracheae showed respiratory epithelium. PMID- 3155974 TI - Comparison of the thrombogenicity of four types of knitted Dacron arterial graft in an artificial circulation. AB - The thrombogenicity of four types of knitted Dacron arterial graft was compared by measuring the effect of each prosthetic graft on human platelet function in an artificial circulation. The grafts examined were plain knitted (Meadox 'Cooley'), knitted double velour (Meadox 'Microvel'), filamentous external velour (U.S.C.I. 'Sauvage Filamentous') and a plain knitted graft with a pyrolytic carbon coating (Meadox 'Carboknit'). Platelet count, adhesion and percentage aggregation were all decreased during perfusion. The greatest changes in these parameters were produced by the filamentous velour graft and the least by the carbon coated graft. Electron microscopy demonstrated significantly more platelets adherent to the filamentous graft (rho less than 0.01) with changes in platelet morphology indicating activation. These results suggest that the filamentous graft is more thrombogenic than the other grafts. PMID- 3155975 TI - [Effect of emotional and pain stress on the contractile function of the hypertrophied heart muscle]. AB - Rats with compensatory hypertrophy of the heart and control animals were subjected to emotional painful stress (EPS). It was established that EPS led to the lowering of the main indicators of the contractile function of an isolated papillary muscle and reduced the resistance of the function under study to excess/Na+ and H+ forcing out Ca2+ from the binding sites on the sarcolemma. Compensatory hypertrophy of the heart itself was accompanied by a reduction of the myocardial contractility but the increase of the concentration of Na+ and H+ in the perfusate led to a far greater depression of the contractile parameters than in the myocardium of the control animals. Contractile function of the hypertrophied myocardium after stress turned out to be reduced to the level close to that seen in heart insufficiency. PMID- 3155976 TI - Effect of active site-modified thrombin on the hydrolysis of platelet-associated glycoprotein V by native thrombin. AB - To determine the relationship between equilibrium binding of thrombin to sites on the platelet surface and the cleavage of membrane glycoprotein V (GPV) by thrombin, we examined the effect of active site-modified thrombin (1-chloro-3 tosylamido-7-amino-L-2-heptanone thrombin toslysCH2-thrombin) on the binding of native thrombin to platelets and on the hydrolysis of GPV by native thrombin. ToslysCH2-thrombin inhibited binding of native thrombin to high affinity sites on the platelet surface. In contrast, hydrolysis of GPV by native thrombin, even at threshold thrombin concentrations, was not inhibited by pretreatment with toslysCH2-thrombin at concentrations up to 210 nmol/L. ToslysCH2-thrombin also had no appreciable effect on platelet aggregation or release of 14C-serotonin induced by native thrombin. Because toslysCH2-thrombin does not inhibit platelet release, aggregation, or GPV hydrolysis by native thrombin but does inhibit high affinity surface binding by native thrombin, these results indicate that thrombin binding and hydrolysis of GPV are separate and unrelated events. PMID- 3155978 TI - Coronary transluminal angioplasty. AB - Obstructive coronary artery disease is widespread, fatal, and difficult to treat. Up to now, treatment has hinged on medical or surgical treatment. Transluminal angioplasty of the coronary arteries has been introduced as a simple method of relieving coronary artery obstruction with a high initial success rate and a short period of hospitalization. PMID- 3155977 TI - Screening tests for blood donors presumed to have transmitted the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - We investigated 18 sets of blood donors from 12 to 50 months after they donated blood to recipients who subsequently developed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Within each donor set, only one donor was suspected of having transmitted the disease (ie, member of an AIDS risk group). The other donors (n = 189) were not risk group members and served as controls. A number of laboratory tests distinguished suspected from nonsuspected donors, including determination of T helper/T suppressor cell ratio, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, and immune complexes, but none of these was as sensitive and specific as tests for antibody to the human retrovirus, HTLV-III/LAV. PMID- 3155979 TI - Vesico-urethral function in Huntington's chorea. AB - Six patients with Huntington's chorea (5 females, 1 male) underwent neuro urological evaluation because of urological complaints, usually incontinence. Four patients had detrusor hyperreflexia with a normal sphincter and two patients had a normal study, suggesting that their incontinence might be non-organic. A characteristic urodynamic pattern, not previously described, was observed, consisting of choreiform contractions of the abdominal perineal floor muscles during filling with selective suppression of choreiform contractions in the perineum during detrusor contraction. PMID- 3155980 TI - Viral immunopathology. PMID- 3155982 TI - Bronchoconstriction in response to suggestion: its prevention by an inhaled anticholinergic agent. PMID- 3155981 TI - Tolerance and suppression in virus diseases. PMID- 3155983 TI - Treatment of chronic global aphasia with a nonverbal communication system. AB - Four chronic global aphasics were treated with Blissymbols (C. K. Bliss, 1965, Semantography-Blissymbolics, Sydney: Semantography Pub.). As soon as possible the therapeutic communication was based solely on the use of the symbols. Three patients seemed to benefit from therapy. In one case therapy had to be discontinued because of massive perseveration. In one patient expression of needs relied solely on the use of the symbols. In another, expressive speech could be restored to such an extent that communication by the use of symbols was discontinued. PMID- 3155984 TI - Dopamine inhibits the release of immunoreactive beta-endorphin from rat hypothalamus in vitro. AB - Mediobasal hypothalamus tissue (MBH) from adult male rats was incubated in Krebs Ringer bicarbonate medium (KRB). KRB was changed at 15 min intervals and the concentration of immunoreactive beta-endorphin (beta-ENDi) in the medium was measured by radioimmunoassay. Incubation of MBH tissue in normal KRB resulted in a constant release rate of beta-ENDi of approximately 1% of the tissue content per h. KRB containing 45 mM K+ causes a two fold increase in the release rate of beta-ENDi which was Ca2+ dependent. Dopamine (0.01-1.0 microM) inhibits both the spontaneous and the K+-stimulated release of beta-ENDi in a dose related manner. The dopamine receptor blocking agent haloperidol prevents this inhibitory effect of dopamine. The selective D-1 receptor agonist SKF 38393 does not affect the release rate of beta-ENDi; whereas the selective D-2 receptor agonist LY 141865 inhibits both the spontaneous and K+-stimulated release of beta-ENDi. The effects of LY 141865 can be blocked by (-)-sulpiride, a selective D-2 receptor antagonist. Norepinephrine only weakly inhibits the K+-stimulated release of beta ENDi, an effect that can be blocked by haloperidol but not by the alpha adrenoceptor blocker phentolamine. At concentrations tested (0.01-1.0 microM), isoproterenol, 5-hydroxytryptamine, carbachol and 8-Br-cAMP (1.0 microM) do not affect beta-ENDi release. It is concluded that dopamine can inhibit the release of beta-ENDi from hypothalamic neurons via a D-2 receptor mechanism. PMID- 3155985 TI - Release of prostaglandin E2 and beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity from rat adenohypophysis in vitro: variations after adrenalectomy or lesions of the paraventricular nuclei. AB - Previous studies in vitro have shown that prostaglandin (PG) E2 is formed in rat adenohypophysis upon stimulation by arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and synthetic ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF-(1-41]. The aim of the present study was to examine whether long-term changes in the hypothalamic stimulation of the pituitary corticotrophs in vivo may influence PG synthesis in subsequent in vitro incubations of rat anterior pituitary quarters. The release of PGE2 from adenohypophyses obtained from adrenalectomized rats was increased to about 300% of controls both under basal conditions and after stimulation by AVP; by contrast, the release of PG D2 was changed neither by adrenalectomy nor by AVP. Simultaneously, basal release of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-EI) was increased after adrenalectomy to about 300% of controls, parallel to the increase in the tissue content, whereas AVP-induced beta-EI release was unchanged. Addition of PG E2 inhibited, whereas blockade of PG formation by indomethacin enhanced AVP-induced beta-EI release both in controls and after adrenalectomy. When anterior pituitary glands were taken from rats with lesions of the paraventricular nuclei, release of PG E2 was decreased as compared to controls both under basal conditions and after stimulation by AVP or CRF-(1-41). Simultaneously, basal and evoked release of beta-EI was unchanged. We conclude that the formation of PG E2 in the adenohypophysis varies according to long-term changes in the hypothalamic stimulation of adrenocorticotropin and beta-endorphin release supporting the view that PG E2 synthesis is related to, and may be involved in mechanisms controlling peptide hormone release from the corticotrophs. PMID- 3155986 TI - Postoperative abdominal wall hematomas have a distinctive appearance on ultrasonography. AB - In six patients a large abdominal wall hematoma developed 1 1/2 to 6 months after operation. In each case differentiation of incisional hernia from hematoma was difficult, but the distinctive appearance on ultrasonography of an ovoid mass with thick straight internal septae, characteristic of hematoma, was noted in all. Ultrasonography also showed the multilocular nature of the lesion which made percutaneous aspiration difficult. PMID- 3155987 TI - Transluminal angioplasty: results in high-risk patients with advanced peripheral vascular disease. AB - The role of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in treating advanced peripheral vascular disease is unknown. The authors therefore reviewed the experience of Sunnybrook Medical Centre in Toronto with 85 consecutive patients who had rest pain, ulceration, pregangrene or gangrene as a result of peripheral vascular disease and who underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Seventy-four percent were smokers and 91% were at increased risk due to one or more of the following: coronary or cerebral ischemic disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity and hypertension. Thirty-six patients underwent dilatation of iliac lesions, 46 of superficial femoral or popliteal and 3 of more distal lesions. In nine patients angioplasty was repeated on the same lesion. In 16 patients, the procedure was technically unsatisfactory. The morbidity and 30-day mortality were 5% and 2%, respectively. When the procedure was technically satisfactory, surgery was avoided and the limb was salvaged at 1, 2 and 5 years in 69%, 62% and 54% of cases, respectively (life-table analysis). The authors conclude that percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is acceptable treatment for patients with advanced peripheral vascular disease, because the morbidity and mortality are low and the long-term results are good. PMID- 3155988 TI - Effects of abdominal aneurysmectomy, aortoiliac bypass grafting and angioplasty on male sexual potency: a prospective study. AB - The preoperative frequency and postoperative status of male sexual potency was studied prospectively in 46 patients who underwent abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy, aortoiliac and aortofemoral bypass grafting, or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the iliac artery. The patients with aortic aneurysms were older; approximately half of them were potent. The frequency of impotence was highest in patients who underwent aortoiliac bypass, and correlated well with their low penile to brachial pressure index. Patients who had angioplasty had more localized lesions, a higher penile to brachial pressure index and the lowest rate of impotence. Postoperatively, 13% of the patients regained nocturnal erection and 10% became functionally potent (defined as the ability to achieve penetration). The improvements were similar in bypass and angioplasty patients. No patient experienced deterioration in sexual potency and all showed a markedly improved thigh to brachial pressure index postoperatively. Routine aortoiliofemoral artery angiograms were of limited value in predicting the status and outcome of sexual potency in this series of patients. PMID- 3155989 TI - Antigen-specific therapy of experimental metastases. AB - In a methylcholanthrene-induced tumor (MCA-F) model in C3H/HeJ mice, curative resection of a progressive tumor promotes artificial lung metastases following intravenous injection of a highly metastatic cell variant designated clone 9-4. The number of metastatic lung colonies depends upon the status of host immunity at the tumor resection: mice resected 7 or 14 days, but not 28 days after tumor inoculation display significantly retarded postoperative, experimentally induced lung metastases. The number of lung colonies in mice that had tumors resected at 14 days was three times greater than in mice that had 28-day neoplasms resected. Neither therapy with weekly injection of 50 micrograms tumor-specific transplantation antigen, which had been extracted using a single phase of 2.5% 1 butanol (CBE), nor 20 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CY) alone prevented lung colonization. Assessment of helper-suppressor ratios in the spleen from mice after tumor surgery showed that CBE administration decreased the ratio in mice after resection of 14-day tumors, but not after resection of 28-day tumors. Combined therapy with specific tumor antigen and an antisuppressor cell agent reduced metastases, regardless of the tumor size. PMID- 3155991 TI - Demonstration of phosphoglucomutase 1 in a subclone of the K-562 cell line. AB - Phosphoglucomutase 1, an enzyme mapping on the short arms of chromosome 1, is constantly missing in the leukemic cell line K-562 in spite of the presence of three No. 1 chromosomes. In the present work, a subclone of the cell line, K-562 (S)P, is described, where the enzyme can be demonstrated, thus excluding a small deletion as the cause for the lack of expression of phosphoglucomutase 1. The relationship between the presence of the enzyme and the karyotype changes in this subclone is analyzed. Addition of several inducers to the standard K-562 line failed to elicit expression of the enzyme. PMID- 3155990 TI - Immunomodulatory effects in mice of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid complexed with poly-L-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose. AB - In this report, we describe the immunomodulatory characteristics of poly(I,C)-LC, a synthetic, double-stranded nucleic acid polymer, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, that is complexed with poly-L-lysine and solubilized by the addition of carboxymethylcellulose. We consistently observed, both in vitro and in vivo, stimulation of macrophage cytotoxicity and augmentation of natural killer-cell activity by poly(I,C)-LC. This immunomodulator also increased the allogeneic mixed-lymphocyte response, without any blastogenic effect on responder cells cultured in the absence of allogeneic stimulator cells. Further, the addition of poly(I,C)-LC to an allogeneic mixed-lymphocyte tumor reaction did not stimulate the development of cytotoxic effector T-cells. Poly(I,C)-LC did, however, have adjuvant activity when admixed with irradiated tumor cells in the immunization of syngeneic mice. Unlike classic adjuvants, poly(I,C)-LC also enhanced the development of specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes when it was injected either i.v. or i.p. in conjunction with a vaccine delivered at an intradermal site. The results indicate that poly(I,C)-LC has considerable potential as an immunotherapeutic agent, with the ability not only to induce macrophage and NK cell activation but also to stimulate specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. PMID- 3155993 TI - Hypersensitivity reactions to amsacrine. AB - Five cases of hypersensitivity reactions to amsacrine are reported. These five cases are compared to the three cases previously published. Sixty-two reports on the clinical use of amsacrine in a variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancy were reviewed. Nine cases of hypersensitivity were described in the 2095 patients reported in these clinical trials. The approximate incidence of hypersensitivity to amsacrine is 0.4%. PMID- 3155994 TI - Dynamic left ventricular outflow obstruction and myocardial infarction following doxorubicin administration in a woman affected by unsuspected hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 3155995 TI - [The effect of physical activity in obese subjects on the levels of cortisol, glucagon and beta-endorphins in the blood]. PMID- 3155996 TI - Rapid changes in specificity within single clones of cytolytic effector cells. AB - We find rapid changes in the specificity of the cytolytic effector cells in a mixed lymphocyte culture. The lysis patterns produced by cytolytic effector cells generated near limiting dilution in murine mixed lymphocyte reactions of three types, F1 anti-parent (F1(A X B) anti-A), allogeneic (C anti-F1(A X B)), and F1 antimodified parent (F1(A X B) anti-A-TNP), were investigated. Cultures were characterized by their ability or inability to lyse a panel of target cells (e.g., A, B, F1). When individual cultures were tested at two different times, changes in lytic pattern were routinely seen, with some patterns reproducibly increasing in frequency and others reproducibly decreasing (e.g., patterns involving lysis of F1 decreased in an F1 anti-A response but increased in a C anti-F1 response). X-linked isoenzyme analysis showed that changes can occur within a single clone of effector cells. These results imply that the T cell specificity repertoire continues to evolve during an ongoing immune response, a conclusion incompatible with clonal selection theory. PMID- 3155992 TI - Randomly controlled study of chemotherapy versus chemoimmunotherapy in postoperative lung cancer patients. AB - A randomly controlled study of chemotherapy versus chemoimmunotherapy was performed in patients with operable lung cancer from November 1977 to June 1981. The immunotherapy consisted of an intrapleural instillation of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS) followed by serial intradermal N-CWS. A total of 119 patients were entered into this trial. There were 64 evaluable patients in the control group and 52 evaluable patients in the N-CWS group. N-CWS treatment was effective in terms of prolongation of duration of remission for all operable patients. Although significant improvement in the survival rate was not observed in patients at Stages I and II (p less than 0.10), it was observed in the curative operation group (p less than 0.05). The mode of recurrence was classified as local recurrence and distant metastasis in the curative operation group. The rates of distant metastasis were 34.0 and 18.9%, respectively, in the control and the N-CWS groups. The rate of local recurrence was 14.9% in the control group; however, no local recurrence was observed in the N-CWS group. These results indicate the clinical effectiveness of the N-CWS treatment, especially in curatively resectable lung cancer. No serious side effect was observed during this trial. PMID- 3155997 TI - Splenic I-J-bearing antigen-presenting cells in activation of suppression: further characterization. AB - A set of I-J-bearing murine splenic antigen-presenting cells (APC) has been found to be responsible for first order suppressor cell (Ts1, afferent suppressor cell) activation in the azobenzenearsonate (ABA) hapten system after intravenous administration. Suppressor cells induced by this set of hapten-coupled cells do not function in the efferent phase of the delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) response. The functional activity of this novel APC to activate afferent suppressor cells was resistant to a dose of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) sufficient to largely abrogate the ability of splenic APC to immunize for a DTH response. It was also found that the previously described splenic I-J-bearing APC needed for third-order suppressor cell (Ts3, effector-suppressor cell) activation is adherent and UVR resistant. The sets of I-J-bearing APC appear to be crucial elements in the activation of suppression and thus in determining the balance between immunologic reactivity and unresponsiveness. Furthermore, the UVR resistance of this set of novel APC may be relevant to the in vivo effects of UVR exposure to mice. PMID- 3155998 TI - A defined basal medium for study of in vitro T-cell responses. AB - A basal serum-free medium has been devised which supports short-term murine T cell proliferative and functional assays in the absence of added lipids or serum albumin. Immune responses obtained with this medium are totally dependent on cell cell interactions known to generate the lymphokines and monokines essential for replication and differentiation. Background activity is minimal, allowing better control of the specificity of response than is possible with serum-containing media. This medium is also suitable for the identification of added agents which modulate immune responses, and may facilitate the purification of secreted factors. PMID- 3155999 TI - Production of auto-anti-idiotype antibody during the normal immune response. XI. Ficoll-induced variations in auto-anti-idiotype production during the response to 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-Ficoll. AB - The responses to 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl conjugates of different Ficoll preparations differ with respect to the magnitude of the accompanying auto-anti-idiotype (Id) response in both mice and chickens. Evidence is presented that reduced auto-anti Id production in the chicken is due to the activation of suppressor activity by some preparations of Ficoll. PMID- 3156000 TI - Stimulator requirements for primed alloreactive T cells: macrophages and dendritic cells activate T cells across all genetic disparities. AB - The cellular requirements for stimulating primed alloreactive T cells have been investigated. In vitro-primed secondary alloreactive cells, long-term lines, and Ly 1+2- noncytolytic clones which reacted with allo-H-2K, D, or Mls (M locus) antigens were tested. The data indicated that a specialized antigen-presenting cell such as a macrophage or a dendritic cell was required for stimulating primed alloreactive cells across all the genetic disparities tested. B and T lymphocytes were ineffective stimulators. The stimulator requirement for secondary and Ly 1+2 clone responses was heterogeneous, since both macrophages and dendritic cells were effective stimulators. Thus, the allostimulator requirement for inducing proliferation and mediator secretion by the primed T-cell populations closely paralleled the requirement for stimulating unprimed populations. The only exception found was the peritoneal washout population, which did not stimulate a primary response but did stimulate secondary responses. The failure of peritoneal macrophages to stimulate a primary response was shown to be due to an inhibitory pathway which did not occur when the responding population was alloantigen primed. PMID- 3156001 TI - Allyl alcohol toxicity in isolated renal epithelial cells: protective effects of low molecular weight thiols. AB - The toxicity of allyl alcohol was studied in freshly isolated renal epithelial cells prepared from male and female rats. Cells from female rats demonstrated a greater susceptibility to allyl alcohol toxicity as assessed by glutathione depletion and loss of cell viability. The sensitivity of female rat renal cells appears to relate to the higher activity of alcohol dehydrogenase found in the female rat kidney, which metabolizes allyl alcohol to the highly reactive aldehyde, acrolein. Pyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, abolished the cytotoxic effects of allyl alcohol whereas inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase by disulfiram treatment was found to increase the sensitivity of renal cells to the effects of allyl alcohol. The toxicity of allyl alcohol was decreased by a number of treatments which resulted in increased levels of glutathione or other low molecular weight thiols. These results indicate that acrolein is the toxic metabolite responsible for the renal cell injury following exposure to allyl alcohol, and unless immediately inactivated acrolein interacts with critical nucleophilic sites of the cell and initiates cell injury. These studies demonstrate that freshly isolated kidney cells represent a convenient model system for studies of thiol-mediated protective mechanisms against toxic renal cell injury. PMID- 3156002 TI - Lack of correlations between plasma concentration of medroxyprogesterone acetate, hypothalamic-pituitary function, and tumour response in patients with advanced breast cancer. AB - Plasma medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) concentrations were measured in 61 patients with advanced breast cancer, after 3 weeks' treatment using 200 mg PO 8 hourly, to determine whether the previously reported wide interpatient variations correlated with tumour response or toxicity. Seventeen patients (28%) responded to the drug, and their mean plasma MPA concentration was 97 ng/ml +/- 68 SD, compared with 115 ng/ml +/- 87 SD for the patients whose disease progressed. Side effects attributed to MPA were seen in 18 patients, who had a mean drug concentration of 113 ng/ml +/- 104 SD. This was not significantly higher than that of the patients who did not experience drug toxicity. Because of a suggestion that some of the antitumour activity of the drug could be mediated via an effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, we also measured plasma FSH, LH, and prolactin concentrations after the 3-week treatment with MPA, but found no correlations with either drug concentration or tumour response. These results indicate that with the present treatment schedule the monitoring of plasma MPA concentrations has no role in routine practice and suggest that the inherent sensitivity of the tumour to progesterone is probably the major determinant of response. PMID- 3156003 TI - Analysis of isoenzymes in normal and carcinogen-treated human endometrial stromal cells in culture. AB - The isoenzyme patterns of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and aldolase were investigated in cultured normal and carcinogen-treated human endometrial stromal cells. Both normal and carcinogen treated cells had similar phosphofructokinase and aldolase isoenzymes. Distinctive changes in hexokinase and LDH isoenzyme patterns were found in the carcinogen-treated stromal cells. The LDH isoenzyme patterns of the carcinogen treated stromal cells were shifted toward the muscle LDH forms. This is comparable to the alteration of LDH isoenzyme profiles observed in cell lines established from human uterine sarcomas. The two tissue culture media used affected the LDH isoenzyme patterns of endometrial stromal cells but differences between the LDH isoenzyme patterns of control and carcinogen-treated cells were detected regardless of the growth medium used. Total LDH activity was not significantly different in control and carcinogen-treated stromal cells. The hexokinase isoenzyme patterns expressed by the carcinogen-treated stromal cells were distinctly different from the normal hexokinase patterns. The treated stromal cells contained both hexokinase I and II, whereas the normal cells contained only hexokinase I. Hexokinase and LDH isoenzyme patterns may serve as markers with which to evaluate carcinogen-induced neoplastic changes in cultured endometrial stromal cells. PMID- 3156004 TI - Activation of protein kinase C by tumor promoting phorbol esters, teleocidin and aplysiatoxin in the absence of added calcium. AB - We have found that maximum stimulation (greater than 10-fold) of kinase activity of a bovine brain preparation of calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (PKC) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) occurs in the presence of phospholipid, but in the absence of added Ca2+. In effect, nM concentrations of TPA substitute for mM concentrations of added Ca2+, and the two agents are not synergistic. Biologically active analogs of TPA such as phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), 12-O-hexadecanoyl-16-hydroxyphorbol-13-acetate (HHPA) or mezerein were also effective activators of PKC, as were the chemically unrelated tumor promoters teleocidin and aplysiatoxin, when tested at nM concentrations in the absence of added Ca2+. On the other hand, the biologically inactive compounds phorbol, 4-alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate (4-alpha-PDD), HHPA-13,20-diacetate and 1,2-dihydro-20-deoxy-HHPA did not affect PKC activity in the absence or presence of Ca2+. Our results are consistent with a stereochemical model in which the hydrophilic domains of certain diterpenes, teleocidin and aplysiatoxin interact specifically with PKC apoenzyme, while their hydrophobic domains interact with phospholipid, thus forming an enzymatically active ternary complex. PMID- 3156005 TI - Flow velocity patterns in and distensibility of the carotid artery bulb in subjects of various ages. AB - Velocity patterns in and distensibility of the carotid artery bulb were studied in younger (20 to 30 years; n = 11) and older (50 to 60 years; n = 9) volunteers without detectable lesions of the cervical carotid arteries by means of a high resolution, multigate, pulsed Doppler system coupled to a B mode imager. In the bulb the axial velocities were highest on the side of the flow divider, while regions of flow separation and recirculation were observed on the side opposite to this divider. Flow separation and recirculation were less pronounced and less common in the older subjects. Flow separation was not continuously present throughout the cardiac cycle. The distensibility of the carotid arteries was significantly diminished in older subjects, especially in the bulb. The velocity patterns in the carotid artery bulb of younger subjects corroborate the patterns observed in models. The diminished flow separation and recirculation in the older subjects might result from alterations in distensibility at the transition from common to internal carotid artery with increasing age. PMID- 3156006 TI - The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in a defined population. AB - Because patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) may be asymptomatic or may present with atypical symptoms or findings, the true population prevalence of PAD is essentially unknown. We used four highly reliable, sophisticated noninvasive tests (segmental blood pressure, flow velocity by Doppler ultrasound, postocclusive reactive hyperemia, and pulse reappearance half-time) to assess the prevalence of large-vessel PAD and small-vessel PAD in an older (average age 66 years) defined population of 613 men and women. A total of 11.7% of the population had large-vessel PAD on noninvasive testing, and nearly half of those with large-vessel PAD also had small-vessel PAD (5.2%). An additional 16.0% of the population had isolated small-vessel PAD. Large-vessel PAD increased dramatically with age and was slightly more common in men and in subjects with hyperlipidemia. Isolated small-vessel PAD, by contrast, was essentially unrelated to sex, hyperlipidemia, or age, although it was somewhat less common before age 60. Intermittent claudication rates in this population were 2.2% in men and 1.7% in women, and abnormalities in femoral or posterior tibial pulse were present in 20.3% of men and 22.1% of women compared with the noninvasively assessed large vessel PAD rate of 11.7%. Thus assessment of large-vessel PAD prevalence by intermittent claudication dramatically underestimated the true large-vessel PAD prevalence and assessment by peripheral pulse examination dramatically overestimated the true prevalence. PMID- 3156007 TI - The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of traditional clinical evaluation of peripheral arterial disease: results from noninvasive testing in a defined population. AB - In a companion article we have reported the prevalence, in an older, defined population, of traditional assessments (intermittent claudication and abnormal pulse examination) of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) as compared with the results of highly accurate noninvasive testing. In this article we report the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for claudication and abnormal pulses for the diagnosis of large-vessel and small vessel PAD as determined by noninvasive testing. Claudication and abnormal pulses were completely unrelated to isolated small-vessel PAD. In contrast, both claudication and abnormal pulses were significantly correlated with large-vessel PAD. Claudication and an abnormal femoral pulse showed a high specificity and positive predictive value but a low sensitivity for large-vessel PAD. Conversely, an abnormal dorsalis pedis pulse showed a good sensitivity but low specificity and positive predictive value. The best single discriminator was an abnormal posterior tibial pulse, which had high sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value. Various combinations of claudication and pulse abnormalities revealed a good sensitivity for broader criteria but at the expense of specificity, whereas stricter criteria had a good specificity and positive predictive value but a poor sensitivity. No combination was superior to an abnormal posterior tibial pulse alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3156008 TI - Coronary pacing during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - To avoid venous puncture, a new concept for standby cardiac pacing during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and diagnostic cardiac catheterization was developed. It uses an arterial guidewire as a unipolar pacing electrode with the second electrode attached to the skin. The system was tested in 25 coronary arteries of 22 patients undergoing PTCA and in the left ventricles of 10 patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Coronary pacing via the guidewire used for directing the balloon catheter was possible in all patients and in 24 of the 25 coronary arteries attempted. Maximum duration of pacing was 8 min. Threshold currents ranged from 1 to 15 mA (mean 5.7). Left ventricular pacing via the same wires or standard wires used for introduction of diagnostic or guiding catheters was possible in all patients and was maintained for up to 10 min. Threshold currents ranged from 1 to 7 mA (mean 3.9). Neither method for pacing produced adverse effects during these short applications. The setup for coronary pacing also allowed recording of an intracoronary electrocardiogram during PTCA. The presented system provides backup for the rare event of sustained bradycardia during PTCA or diagnostic cardiac catheterization. If applied cautiously, it may safely and reliably replace the standby of a conventional transvenous pacing catheter. PMID- 3156009 TI - Effects of global ischemia on the diastolic properties of the left ventricle in the conscious dog. AB - The alterations in regional diastolic mechanics that occur during regional myocardial ischemia (creep and increased myocardial stiffness) may be the result of interactions between the ischemic and surrounding nonischemic myocardium rather than the direct result of ischemia. Thus similar changes may not occur when the entire left ventricle is ischemic. Thus similar changes may not occur when the entire left ventricle is ischemic. To investigate this proposition, left ventricular diastolic mechanics were studied in seven chronically instrumented conscious dogs during global left ventricular ischemia. The anterior-posterior, septal-free wall, and base-apex axes of the left ventricle were measured with ultrasonic dimension transducers. Left and right ventricular pressures were measured with micromanometers. Myocardial blood flows were measured with left atrial injections of 15 microns radioactive microspheres. Global left ventricular ischemia was induced by hydraulic constriction of the left main coronary artery, which resulted in a 54% decrease in mean left ventricular subendocardial blood flow. Left ventricular volume, midwall circumference, and midwall circumferential stress were calculated from ellipsoidal shell theory. To construct pressure strain and stress-strain relationships from diastolic data collected during vena caval occlusions, all measured and calculated dimensions were normalized to Lagrangian strains (fractional extension from unstressed dimension). During ischemia, creep (elongation of unstressed dimension) occurred in each of the three left ventricular axes. The mean unstressed dimension of the anterior posterior axis increased from 5.39 +/- 0.53 to 5.85 +/- 0.50 cm ( p less than or equal to .05); the septal-free wall unstressed dimension increased from 5.11 +/- 0.53 to 5.72 +/- 0.80 cm (p less than or equal to .05); and the base-apex unstressed dimension increased from 7.04 +/- 0.61 to 7.25 +/- 0.65 cm (p less than or equal to .05). The relationship between diastolic midwall circumferential stress and strain shifted upward and to the left with ischemia, indicating that an increase in intrinsic myocardial stiffness had occurred. As a result of these mechanical alterations, there was a decrease in left ventricular chamber compliance that was manifested by a leftward shift of the diastolic pressure volume strain relationship. Neither systolic bulging nor dysynchronous systolic shortening occurred in any of the three left ventricular spatial axes during ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3156010 TI - Chronic aortic regurgitation: reassessment of the prognostic value of preoperative left ventricular end-systolic dimension and fractional shortening. AB - The prognostic significance of a preoperative echocardiographic left ventricular end-systolic dimension (ESD) greater than 55 mm and/or fractional shortening (FS) of 25% or less was evaluated retrospectively in 84 patients who had undergone aortic valve replacement for isolated chronic aortic regurgitation due to various causes. Postoperative survival, improvement in symptoms, and echocardiographic evidence of regression of left ventricular dilatation and hypertrophy were compared between patients with a preoperative ESD greater than 55 mm (category 1) and those with an ESD of 55 mm or less (category 2) and between patients with FS of 25% or less (category 3) and those with FS greater than 25% (category 4). Patients in categories 1 and 3 had a higher preoperative left ventricular end diastolic dimension (EDD) and cross-sectional area than those in categories 2 and 4, respectively, but their preoperative functional impairment (NYHA class) was similar. There were 13 deaths, only two of which (one early, one late) could be attributed to left ventricular dysfunction. In both, FS was 25% or less and in one ESD was greater than 55 mm. There was a weak association without useful positive predictive value between the echocardiographic variables and postoperative death due to all causes. Among 42 patients with a preoperative ESD greater than 55 mm and/or FS of 25% or less, 33 (79%) were alive at a mean follow up of 29.5 months. Symptoms improved in all categories of survivors, with the postoperative NYHA class being similar between categories 1 and 2 and between categories 3 and 4. Among 48 survivors with high-quality echocardiograms both before and after surgery, EDD fell in all groups but fell to a lesser extent in category 3 than in category 4. Postoperative cross-sectional area fell to the same level in all categories. Follow-up intervals were similar in all categories. We conclude that in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for chronic aortic regurgitation, a preoperative ESD greater than 55 mm or an FS of 25% or less does not reliably predict early or late death, does not correlate with lack of improvement in symptoms, and does not preclude postoperative regression of left ventricular dilatation and hypertrophy. Thus these echocardiographic criteria alone cannot be used for the timing of surgical intervention in these patients. PMID- 3156011 TI - Follow-up clinical results in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Complete follow-up data were obtained from 229 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) between 1979 and 1982 (mean follow-up 14 months, range 6 to 37). Single-vessel disease was present in 143 and multivessel disease in 86. PTCA was successful in 153 patients (67%). Failure was followed initially by bypass surgery in 59 and by continued medical therapy in 17. After successful PTCA, 90% of patients were improved subjectively and 74% were asymptomatic at follow-up. After unsuccessful PTCA but prompt bypass, 90% were improved subjectively and 85% were asymptomatic. Among the 229 patients, 39 (17%) required an additional intervention because of angina during follow-up; 15 of these had repeat PTCA and 18 had bypass surgery. Among patients with successful PTCA, revascularization was complete in 77% and partial in 23%. The completeness of revascularization with PTCA had a significant impact on follow up. The follow-up data of patients with successful single-vessel PTCA and of those with multivessel disease with complete revascularization were similar. When the patients with complete revascularization were compared with those with multivessel disease but incomplete revascularization, the follow-up data were characterized by a higher incidence of angina or need for bypass surgery in the latter group (63%) than in the former group (29%); those with incomplete revascularization also had a significantly reduced event-free survival. PMID- 3156012 TI - Partial cross-reactivity by suppressor cells induced during different experimental autoimmune diseases. AB - Following injection of rat red cells, mice develop anti-red cell autoantibodies and subsequently suppressor T cells specific for these. Likewise, following recovery from non-lethal malaria, they develop suppressor T cells which suppress the anti-lymphocyte autoantibodies induced by lethal malaria parasites. Neither type of suppressor cell affected non-autoantibody components of the response, nor a response to sheep red cells. However, there was variable but significant cross suppression of the respective autoantibody responses by both types of suppressor cell. Possible reasons for this unexpected cross-reaction are discussed. PMID- 3156013 TI - HLA-Dr+ T cells of the Leu 3 (helper) type infiltrate the kidneys of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The lineage and distribution of mononuclear cells infiltrating the kidneys of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been investigated in cryostat tissue sections of biopsies from 11 patients. The use of heterologous antisera and monoclonal antibodies has revealed that: B lymphocytes and plasma cells are virtually absent in SLE kidney specimens; The vast majority of mononuclear cells which infiltrate the interstitium are activated (HLA-Dr+) T cells (Leu 4+) presenting the helper (Leu 3+) phenotype; T cells are absent in the glomeruli, where HLA-Dr+, SIgM-, Leu 4- elements with a macrophage like appearance can be observed. PMID- 3156014 TI - The immunosuppressive effects of measles virus on T cell function--failure to affect IL-2 release or cytotoxic T cell activity in vitro. AB - Measles virus (MV) is known to depress T cell function. In order to determine whether this results from alteration in the production of, or response to, interleukin-2 (IL-2) we studied the effect of in vitro infection with MV on human IL-2 dependent T cell lines. MV produced a cytopathic productive infection in these cells. Class I allospecific cytotoxic T cells retained their cytotoxic activity 48 h after infection. Both cytotoxic and Leu 3a/4a positive T cell lines continued to respond to IL-2 by proliferation up to 26 h after infection. The ability of human tonsillar lymphocytes to generate IL-2 in response to phytohaemagglutinin following MV infection was then studied. In early measles infection (up to 48 h) there was no suppression of IL-2 production: in fact measles infected cells spontaneously released low levels of IL-2 in the absence of lectin. Similarly, IL-2 release was not affected by Herpes simplex virus infection of such cultures, although lymphocytes infected with Sendai or respiratory syncytial viruses produced considerably less IL-2. These observations suggest that MV-induced immunosuppression is not a result of inhibition of differentiated T cell function, IL-2 generation or responsiveness, but may be more directly related to virus-induced cytopathic effects in activated T cells. PMID- 3156015 TI - Effect of surgical trauma (gastrectomy) on cell-mediated and humoral responses in mice. AB - Gastrectomy in mice affects the cell-mediated (CMI) and humoral immunity in a diverse fashion, such as CMI (contact sensitivity reaction) is severely impaired and antibody response is enhanced. Both effects are transient and disappear several days after surgery. While suppression of contact sensitivity is mediated by non-specific Ly 1-2+, L-J+ suppressor T cells generated by surgical stress, the mechanisms of enhancement of antibody response is unknown. We assume that the split unresponsiveness induced by surgical trauma has a clear survival advantage. Increased antibody production is the major defence mechanism against bacterial infections, while decrease of CMI prevents autoimmune response against altered (damaged) self structures. PMID- 3156017 TI - Interleukin-2 restores the depressed allogeneic cell-mediated lympholysis and natural killer cell activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a variety of profound T cell abnormalities among which are decreased cytotoxic capacity measured by allogeneic cell-mediated lympholysis (CML), natural killer cell (NK) activity, and decreased lymphokine production. In a group of 13 patients with active SLE, allogeneic CML, tested by a 4-hr 51Cr-release assay, was 18.2 +/- 2.7% while in the group of normal individuals CML was 41.2 +/- 2.7%. If optimal doses of affinity-purified interleukin-2 (IL-2) were present during the mixed lymphocyte culture, the CML of SLE patients was increased to normal levels (40.4 +/- 4.0%). In contrast, interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) increased (but not significantly) the levels of CML. Mixed lymphocyte reaction, tested by tritiated thymidine incorporation, was also decreased in the group of patients (14,820 +/- 815 cpm vs 28,972 +/- 5880 cpm in normals) and it was increased to normal levels if IL-2, but not IFN-alpha was added to the cultures. NK activity was decreased in the group of patients tested by 51Cr-release assay, harvested at 6 and 18 hr. IL-2 increased the NK activity up to normal levels, while IFN-alpha was only partially efficacious. These results demonstrate that IL-2, but not IFN-alpha, can potentiate or even fully restore the deficient cytotoxic effector function of peripheral mononuclear cells in patients with SLE. PMID- 3156018 TI - Iatrogenic left main coronary artery stenosis following PTCA or valve replacement. AB - We report three patients who developed iatrogenic severe left main coronary artery stenosis. In two, it was secondary to coronary cannulation during aortic valve replacement and in one it followed distention of the artery during balloon dilatation of a proximal lesion in the left anterior descending artery. In all three, the stenosis was clinically manifest a few months after the intervention. All were successfully treated by aortosaphenous coronary bypass. A common mechanism for the three cases may be mechanical distention of the left main coronary artery resulting in intimal damage with secondary fibrosis and stenosis. The percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty-related stenosis is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of this nature, and represents a previously unrecognized complication of this procedure. PMID- 3156019 TI - The effect of chlorhexidine mouthrinses on dental plaque and gingivitis in mentally retarded individuals. PMID- 3156016 TI - Abnormalities in the expression of the leucocyte-common antigen in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - The surface glycoproteins of lymphocytes isolated from patients suffering from B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) have been studied by radioactive labelling with impermeable probes and with MoAb. Several features not found in normal B cells have been observed. The abnormalities found in the expression of polypeptides of the leucocyte common (L-C) antigen, identified by appropriate MoAb, have been examined in detail. It has been shown by both biochemical analysis and MoAb binding that this group of polypeptides can, within a panel of B-CLL patients, range from a typical B cell pattern to the pattern resembling that normally found in T cells. The T lymphocyte profile is correlated with a poor prognosis (MVA C rating) and in the one patient where a change in the glycoprotein profile towards that of the T cell was observed, the change coincided with a clinical deterioration. The biological significance of the molecular diversity is discussed. PMID- 3156020 TI - Relationship between plasma morphine concentrations and pharmacologic effects in postoperative patients using patient-controlled analgesia. AB - In postoperative patients using patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) to administer i.v. doses of morphine sulfate, respiratory rates and subjective rankings of pain, sedation, and liking for the drug were correlated with plasma morphine concentrations. In 12 patients selected before surgery, the initial morphine sulfate dose of 0.6 mg/sq m was increased or decreased as needed. Every two hours, cumulative morphine sulfate dose, respiratory rate, and sedation were recorded by the nurse, along with the patient's evaluation of pain and liking for the drug. Plasma was collected in the morning and evening during PCA therapy for morphine analysis. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. Dosing rates and rankings of pain, sedation, and liking decreased as a function of time postoperatively, but respiratory rates did not. Sedation and respiratory rates were independent of morphine concentration. Liking of the drug increased directly with plasma morphine concentration but decreased with time. A high level of pain was directly related to morphine use. For all significant relationships, there was high interpatient variability, with the exception of changes in pain rankings induced by morphine. Patients defined a minimum effective plasma morphine concentration of 20-40 ng/mL. The maximum plasma morphine concentration achieved by self-administration was 82 ng/mL. These postoperative patients used patient controlled analgesia to deliver morphine sulfate i.v. for pain relief, not for euphoria, and did not exhibit sedation or respiratory depression. Morphine was consistently effective at plasma concentrations of 40 ng/mL or greater. PMID- 3156021 TI - Prosthetic grafts in vascular trauma: a controversy. AB - Refinements in vascular surgery have made repair of arterial injuries common throughout the world. There seems to be little doubt among trauma surgeons that primary repair of arterial injuries is the method of choice, as long as there is little devitalized arterial tissue and the procedure can be accomplished without tension on the suture lines or stenosis at the repair. When a lateral repair or primary anastomosis is not feasible, the type of conduit to be used is still the subject of controversy. Most clinical reports within the past 30 years state that autogenous vein is the grafting material of choice in traumatic wounds. However, the most recent investigations of the data do not favor autogenous vein grafts and, in fact, may lean toward prosthetic materials as the most satisfactory conduits for repairing traumatized arteries. PMID- 3156022 TI - Current developments of oral retinoid therapy with three generations of drugs. Non-aromatic, monoaromatic and polyaromatic retinoids (arotinoids). PMID- 3156023 TI - Evaluation of the ischemic limb by pressure and flow measurements of the skin microcirculation as determined by laser Doppler velocimetry. PMID- 3156024 TI - Ciprofloxacin distribution in prostatic tissue and fluid following oral administration. AB - The penetration of ciprofloxacin into prostatic tissue was studied following oral administration of 500 mg either once or repeatedly in 12-hourly intervals. Following single administration ciprofloxacin was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract peaking 1-2 h after administration. Elimination from serum was slow, the half life being 4.3 h. No significant rise in serum concentrations was noticed following repeated administration. Ciprofloxacin was concentrated in the prostatic tissue, levels being on average twice as high as the corresponding serum concentrations. The ratios between prostate and serum levels following single and repeated administration were 227 and 214%, respectively. Intraindividual analysis of prostate concentrations in different areas of the prostatic gland revealed a homogeneous distribution within the prostate. Penetration of ciprofloxacin into prostatic fluid was studied in 11 patients 2 4.5 h after administration. At these points ratios between prostatic fluid and serum ranged between 1.5 and 450%. PMID- 3156025 TI - Comparative evaluation of recently developed quinolone compounds--with a note on the frequency of resistant mutants. AB - The antibacterial activity of the new quinolone compounds enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was evaluated in 300 Enterobacteriaceae, 50 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 30 Acinetobacter spp., 15 Haemophilus influenzae, 50 Streptococcus faecalis, and 70 Staphylococcus aureus isolates and compared to that of nalidixic acid, gentamicin and various beta-lactam compounds. Moreover, the rate of spontaneous mutants resistant to quinolone compounds was evaluated. In concentrations only insignificantly exceeding the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), mutants could be isolated rather frequently (approx. 10(-6) fold); in concentrations of at least 10 times the MIC resistant mutants were barely detectable. In general, the mutants exhibited a 4- to 8-fold increase of the MIC as compared to the wild strain. In S. faecalis mutants were not detectable, whereas they occurred in low frequency (less than 10(-8) fold) in S. aureus strains. In all mutants there was almost, but not entirely, complete cross resistance between the quinolone derivatives. PMID- 3156026 TI - Incomplete cross-resistance of nalidixic and pipemidic acid-resistant variants of Serratia marcescens against ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, and norfloxacin. AB - Spontaneous and selected variants of Serratia marcescens with resistance against chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, and pipemidic acid, revealed moderately reduced susceptibility for enoxacin and norfloxacin, and slightly diminished susceptibility for ciprofloxacin. Therefore, urinary tract infections due to S. marcescens strains showing this nonspecific resistance mechanism still might be amenable to judicious chemotherapy with these three novel bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitors, particularly ciprofloxacin. PMID- 3156027 TI - A prospective study of continuous hepatic perfusion with implantable pump. AB - The delivery of chemotherapy through the implantable hepatic infusion pump in the management of patients with hepatic metastases secondary to carcinoma of the colon and rectum is evaluated in this preliminary prospective study. Patients were selected according to hepatic lobar distribution and magnitude, age, and general systemic evaluation. Infusion pumps were implanted in a total of 14 patients who were judged to be unsuitable for hepatic resection. After pump implantation all patients were alive and well and receiving regional perfusion chemotherapy. For the nine patients in this study who have been monitored for a full six months, the median decrease in CEA levels was 49 percent. On computerized axial tomography (CT) and/or liver-spleen scan, five patients showed greater than 50 percent reduction in tumor size. All patients have demonstrated minimal systemic toxicity and have maintained a good quality of life. The results encourage further evaluation of perfusion chemotherapy. PMID- 3156028 TI - [Rec A, lex A dependence of the action of penicillin G on Escherichia coli K-12]. PMID- 3156029 TI - [2 families with dilatative cardiomyopathy]. AB - In two brothers each of two families congestive cardiomyopathy was diagnosed. Left ventricular biopsy showed individually differing degrees of hypertrophy of the myocardial cells together with endocardial fibrosis and circumscribed interstitial fibrosis. In family I clinical symptoms appeared at the beginning of the 4th decade, conduction disturbances being predominant. One brother died after rapid progression of the disease within one year. The other has been treated as an outpatient for 9 years; he received a pacemaker implant half a year ago. In family II initial symptoms appeared in the middle of the 6th decade, progressive heart dilation and insufficiency being the predominant characteristics. In the course of 7 years one brother has developed cardiac decompensation whereas the other brother's condition has remained nearly unchanged for 4 years. The degree of myocardial changes in left ventricular biopsies correlated with the clinical course. PMID- 3156030 TI - [Sudden infant death. Postmortem flow measurements in the large vessels of the neck for the demonstration of posture-dependent cerebral hypoxemia]. AB - The concept of position-dependent cerebral hypoxaemia as a mechanical cause of sudden death in infants is based on the possibility of flow impairment in the large neck vessels (carotid and vertebral arteries) on marked rotation and (or) flexion of head and neck. To test this hypothesis systematic flow measurements were performed post-mortem with 21 different angles of head and neck in 16 infants who had died suddenly. The angles chosen were those taken especially during sleep with the infant in a prone position. The measurements demonstrated flow impairment, especially as a result of mechanical narrowing of both vertebral arteries. On the other hand, the range of variation in the internal carotid artery was marked and individual circumstances could not be estimated. There was no certain connection between flow impairment in the vertebral artery and possible increase in the carotid artery. The least dangerous extreme movement for an infant is dorsal flexion of the neck with reclining of the head, a favoured position of many infants. Particularly dangerous is flexion combined with rotation. Judged by the number of complete flow stoppages in the vertebral and carotid arteries, the danger is greatest with rotation in dorsal flexion. Since the dangers of supine position have been known for a long time, lateral position is urgently recommended as the sleeping position in infants. PMID- 3156031 TI - Pancreatic islet circulation in relation to the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin in the rat. AB - A possible relationship between pancreatic islet blood flow (IBF) and the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin (STZ) has been investigated in rats injected ip with saline, glucose, propranolol, phentolamine, yohimbine, or adrenaline. A low dose (25 mg/kg BW) of STZ was given iv 10 min later, and serum glucose concentrations were determined after 3 and 7 days. Measurements of IBF were performed in separate experiments with a microsphere technique 10 min after injection of the drugs. Administration of phentolamine, glucose, or yohimbine was followed by overt diabetes, whereas animals injected with saline, adrenaline, or propranolol failed to become diabetics. Blood flow measurements showed an increase in IBF 10 min after the injection of glucose or propranolol, while there were no significant effects of the other drugs. It is concluded that changes in IBF are of minor importance for the action of agents modulating the diabetogenic effect of STZ. However, the potentiated hyperglycemic effects by glucose, phentolamine, or yohimbine in combination with STZ seemed to coincide with increased insulin secretion, as reflected by elevated serum insulin concentrations at the time of STZ administration. PMID- 3156033 TI - Netlike structure of the gallbladder--a laparoscopic phenomenon. PMID- 3156032 TI - Primary sclerosing cholangitis. AB - Primary sclerosing cholangitis was diagnosed in 6 patients (4 men and 2 women), with ages ranging from 33 to 71 years. Four of them had ulcerative colitis, with an evolution from 8 to 21 years, the other two had Crohn's disease with 2 and 3 years of evolution. 66% of the patients had pain in the right upper quadrant; 50% complained of itching, 33% presented with fever, jaundice, weight loss and hepatomegaly and 16% had splenomegaly. 50% of these patients were diagnosed as having Sjorgren's syndrome. Alkaline phosphatase and gamma GT were elevated in 100% of the cases; SGOT and SGPT were slightly elevated in all cases; bilirubin was elevated only in 50% of the cases. Cholelithiasis was found in 2 patients with Crohn's disease and 1 patient with ulcerative colitis. All were subjected to laparoscopy. 2 of them were diagnosed as having persistent chronic hepatitis and the remaining patient had hepatic fibrosis. ERCP revealed alterations in the intrahepatic ducts and there was stenosis of the end of the common bile duct in one of them. The most frequent histological findings were periportal reactions with lymphocytes, plasma cells of macrophages, and periductal fibrosis with obliteration of the canaliculae. PMID- 3156034 TI - ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport in vesicles isolated from the bile canalicular region of the hepatocyte plasma membrane. AB - Three plasma membrane subfractions have been isolated and characterized from rat liver cells. The high affinity Ca2+-stimulated ATPase is highly enriched in the bile canalicular subfraction. Taking into account cross-contamination by the blood sinusoidal and lateral membranes it is suggested that the high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase is located exclusively in this fraction. The high-affinity Ca2+ ATPase is coupled to Ca2+ transport, is calmodulin-insensitive, sensitive to vanadate under appropriate experimental conditions and is strongly inhibited by La3+. In the presence of Ca2+ and ATP the ATPase forms a phosphorylated intermediate of molecular mass about 200 kDa. PMID- 3156035 TI - Induction of ornithine decarboxylase in guinea-pig lymphocytes. Synergistic effect of diacylglycerol and calcium. AB - Calmodulin antagonists, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-5) and trifluoperazine inhibited ornithine decarboxylase induction in lymphocytes activated with phytohemagglutinin or inophore A23187. W-7, a more potent calmodulin antagonist than W-5, suppressed ornithine decarboxylase induction in a higher extent than did W-5. These results suggest that calmodulin may play an important role in ornithine decarboxylase induction in the activated lymphocytes. However, the extent of ornithine decarboxylase induction was greater in cells pretreated with Clostridium phospholipase C and then incubated with ionophore A23187 than in cells incubated with ionophore A23187 without the pretreatment. Moreover, combined treatment of cells with ionophore A23187 and tumor promotor, phorbol 12 myristate 13-acetate, caused synergistic induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity. These results, taken together, suggest that both activations of Ca2+ activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase by diacylglycerol and of calmodulin-dependent function resulted from an elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration may operate in the induction of ornithine decarboxylase in the activated lymphocytes. PMID- 3156037 TI - Staff ratios and allocated instructional time for multihandicapped students. PMID- 3156036 TI - Chiral discrimination of 5,6-epoxy-3-dehydroretinal by aporetinochrome and cattle opsin. AB - The combination of a racemic all-trans 5,6-epoxy-3-dehydroretinal (EDR) with aporetinochrome formed a mixture of two diastereomeric pigments. One of the diastereomeric pigments which contained the all-trans EDR with a negative circular dichroic (CD) band, hereafter called EDR(-)-chrome, has its visible absorption maximum around 438 nm, while the other pigment, called EDR(+)-chrome, has its maximum at 464 nm. These were substantiated by measuring the optical activities of the two EDR isomers which were extracted from a mixture of racemic all-trans EDR and a smaller amount of aporetinochrome following exposure to orange light (greater than 530 nm) that irradiates EDR(+)-chrome selectively. The extracted all-trans EDR had a negative CD band around 240 nm and the extracted 11 cis EDR had a positive band in that region with two negative bands on either side of the main band. In the case of both pigments, the effect of alkalinization on the increase of absorbance in the near-ultraviolet and the decrease of absorbance in the visible region was proportionate, qualitatively, to that on the positive CD intensities in both regions. These results suggest that the chromophore EDR in each pigment binds to the same binding site via a Schiff base. The EDR(+)-chrome exhibited properties similar to those of retinochrome, but EDR(-)-chrome showed some different properties, i.e. its formation rate was slower than that of the former one and its absorption band in the near-ultraviolet appeared even at neutral pH. Moreover, by exposing EDR(-)-chrome to yellow light (greater than 480 nm), only a part of its prosthetic all-trans EDR was isomerized and resulted in the formation of 11-cis and 13-cis isomers. This variation in photoisomerizing activity was supposed to be due to the difference in conformation of the side chain between EDR(+) and EDR(-) in aporetinochrome. Combination of 11-cis EDR with cattle opsin was also shown to result in the formation of two diastereomeric pigments. The absorption maxima of the diastereomers containing 11-cis EDR(+) and EDR(-) were at about 446 and 474 nm, respectively. PMID- 3156038 TI - Educator perceptions of behavior problems of mainstreamed students. PMID- 3156039 TI - Processes influencing linkages between preschool handicap classrooms and homes. PMID- 3156040 TI - Baby Doe and the search for a quality life. PMID- 3156041 TI - Handicapped infants and euthanasia: a challenge to our advocacy. PMID- 3156042 TI - The effect of source on reader perception of handicapping conditions. PMID- 3156043 TI - Where is special education for students with high prevalence handicaps going? PMID- 3156044 TI - A report on the Colorado statewide follow-up survey of special education students. PMID- 3156045 TI - Induction of immunoglobulin synthesis by interleukin 2 is T4+/T8- cell dependent. A role for interleukin 2 in the pokeweed mitogen-driven system. AB - The role of interleukin 2 (IL2) in the induction of human B cell differentiation in vitro was studied. IL2 was unable to induce immunoglobulin (Ig) production in non-T cells either in the presence or absence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM). However, IL2 alone could induce Ig production in non-T cells when irradiated T cells were present. Similar to the PWM-driven system helper activity was delivered by T4+ but not T8+ cells. Apparently, IL2 acts on T4+ cells and induces these cells to deliver the actual helper signal(s) for Ig production by B cells. Whereas in the PWM-driven system only T8+ cells suppress Ig synthesis, IL2-driven Ig synthesis was suppressed by both T4+ and T8+ cells added to a mixture of non-T cells and irradiated T4+ cells. This suppressor activity could be abrogated by irradiation. PWM was shown to induce IL2 production in both T4+ and T8+ cells. Moreover, PWM induced Ig synthesis, like IL2-induced Ig synthesis, could be totally abrogated by a monoclonal antibody against the human IL2 receptor (anti-Tac). These findings, coupled to the innate Ig-inducing capacity of IL2, indicate a role for IL2 in the PWM-driven system. The mechanism of suppression in both the PWM- and the IL2-driven systems was not shortage of IL2 in the culture due to consumption or inhibition of production of IL2. Moreover, the T8+ cells produced IL2, despite their failure to help Ig synthesis. Helper T cell activity can thus be divided into two distinct activities: IL2 production and the ability to deliver the actual helper signal such as helper factors for B cell differentiation. This insight allows a better evaluation of the immunoregulatory activities of T cell subsets in health and disease. PMID- 3156046 TI - Lectin separation of nonlymphoid suppressor cells induced by total lymphoid irradiation. AB - Suppression of the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) exerted by splenocytes derived from mice treated with fractionated total lymphoid irradiation (TLI, 200 rds x 8) was analyzed by various criteria in order to characterize the phenotype of the cell type(s) responsible for suppression. TLI-induced suppressor cells could not be eliminated by removal of cells bearing surface immunoglobulin, Thy-1, Lyt-2 and TL, and thus could not be ascribed to lymphocytes of the B or T cell lineage. Suppressor cells were large, and nonadherent to nylon wool, Sephadex G-10 and plastic surfaces. Suppressor activity of TLI splenocytes was predominantly located in fractions of cells bearing receptors for soybean agglutinin (SBA), peanut agglutinin (PNA) or both lectins. SBA+, PNA+, sequentially agglutinated (SBA followed by PNA) SBA+PNA+ and (PNA followed by SBA) PNA+SBA+ suppressor cells were radioresistant upon exposure to 1000 rds in vitro. Cells bearing the receptor for PNA but lacking that for SBA (PNA+SBA-) had sharply reduced suppressor activity. However, a radiosensitive PNA- suppressor cell subset was also documented in the spleen of TLI-treated mice. Thus, suppressor cells could best be physically separated from nonsuppressors by the SBA lectin. SBA+ suppressor cells were found, by scatter analysis, to include the population of large cells characteristic of TLI splenocytes, whereas SBA- cells were much smaller and almost exclusively devoid of suppressive capacity. The PNA receptor was found to further dissect the SBA+ suppressor cells into two distinct subpopulations: radioresistant SBA+PNA+ cells and radiosensitive SBA+PNA- cells. In summary, we suggest here the presence of at least two suppressive populations induced by TLI: radioresistant SBA+, PNA+, SBA+PNA+ or PNA+SBA+ cells, and radiosensitive PNA- and SBA+PNA- cells. Similar subsets of MLR suppressor cells can be isolated from normal bone marrow cells and splenocytes of nude mice, suggesting that suppression is mediated by large, immature, nonlymphoid cells which might migrate from shielded bone marrow compartments into the spleen of TLI treated mice. PMID- 3156047 TI - Evaluation of accessory cell heterogeneity. II. Failure of dendritic cells to activate antigen-specific T helper cells to soluble antigens. AB - The activation of antigen-specific T cells requires Ia+, antigen-presenting accessory cells (AC). Dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (M phi) isolated from spleen an peritoneal exudate were tested as AC for the activation of the activation of T helper cells and the induction of T cell proliferation. The cell separations to obtain DC and splenic M phi were performed by discontinuous bovine serum albumin gradients, adherence on petri dishes and rosetting with opsonized sheep erythrocytes. DC as well as the M phi were able to induce antigen-specific T cell proliferation, but only the M phi and not the DC activated antigen specific T helper cells which help B cells for antibody production to soluble antigens. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin-specific T cells repeatedly stimulated with DC and antigen also did not express helper activity. The failure of DC to induce T helper cells was not due to the activation of a suppressor pathway. Thus, dendritic cells, although very efficient as AC in the induction of various T cell functions, are not able to activate T helper cells required for carrier-specific T-B cooperation and therefore cannot be the sole accessory cells. Based on these results and on previous data using Ia+ tumor cell lines as AC, we confirm the existence of functional AC heterogeneity. PMID- 3156048 TI - Pre-replicative changes of the rat sinusoidal plasma membrane glycoproteins during hepatic regeneration. AB - Cell-surface glycoproteins of rat liver sinusoidal plasma membranes from control and regenerating livers were studied. The glycoproteins were labeled using specific methods for sialic acid (NAIO4/NaB3H4) and galactosyl/N-acetyl galactosaminyl residues (galactose oxidase/NaB3H4 and neuraminidase-galactose oxidase (NaB3H4) and the solubilized proteins were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. The patterns obtained with regenerating livers were quantitatively different from controls. This shows that cell surface glycoproteins change during liver regeneration. PMID- 3156050 TI - Localization of light-induced conformational changes in bovine rhodopsin. AB - Conformational changes in the extradiscal regions of rhodopsin induced by illumination were investigated by modifying the visual pigment by mild treatment with cyanogen bromide prior to and after light exposure. Light induced an increased yield of cleavage of the Met bond 253-254 and a new cleavage at the Met bond 155-156 of the rhodopsin polypeptide chain. These residues, located at the beginnings of the membrane-buried helices 6 and 4, respectively, were concluded to become extradiscally exposed upon illumination. PMID- 3156049 TI - Inhibition of hepatocyte plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase activity by menadione metabolism and its restoration by thiols. AB - Incubation of isolated rat hepatocytes with cytotoxic concentrations of menadione resulted in inhibition of plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase activity. This could be restored by subsequent treatment with either dithiothreitol or reduced glutathione, suggesting that the inhibition by menadione was due to oxidation of sulfhydryl groups critical for Ca2+-ATPase activity. PMID- 3156051 TI - Chromaffin granule-cytoskeleton interaction. Stabilization by F-actin of ATPase in purified chromaffin granule membranes. AB - The influence of cytoskeletal elements on the chromaffin granule function was studied using a model system consisting of purified granule membranes and F actin. The membrane ATPase was partially inactivated by incubation at 37 degrees C, and this inactivation was prevented by adding F-actin. The stabilizing action of F-actin on the ATPase was abolished by adding DNase I. Detergent-solubilized ATPase was more rapidly and profoundly inactivated, but was not stabilized by F actin. The stabilization of ATPase by F-actin may be due to the cross-linking of granule membranes with F-actin and the native structure of the granule membrane may be required for preserving the stability of membrane ATPase. These findings thus suggest the possibility that the interaction of microfilaments with chromaffin granules may influence the function of chromaffin granules within the cell. PMID- 3156054 TI - C-terminal lysine residues of fibrinogen fragments essential for binding to plasminogen. AB - Experiments involving affinity chromatography on immobilized plasminogen columns and the concomitant use of plasmin and carboxypeptidase B indicate that the COOH terminal lysine residues formed by plasmin-catalyzed cleavage of fibrinogen are essential for the high-affinity binding of the resulting cleavage products to plasminogen. PMID- 3156053 TI - On the existence of receptors to the pheromonal steroid, 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3 one, in porcine nasal epithelium. AB - The binding of the odorant, 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one, to porcine nasal tissues, has been investigated using methods normally employed for studying both cytosolic and membrane-bound receptors. 5 alpha-Androst-16-en-3-one was generally taken up more avidly by homogenates of olfactory (nervous) tissue than by respiratory tissue, but binding to the former was only partially prevented by prior heating or by excess ligand, suggesting some degree of specific binding. At low protein concentration, saturable binding was noted but these data were not reproducible. The binding of a non-odorant, DHA, was only 2% that of 5 alpha androst-16-en-3-one. Using agarose gel electrophoresis, some evidence was obtained for binding protein(s) to the odorous 16-adrostene in porcine respiratory tissues, that were absent from previously heated tissue. Experiments with SDS-treated, or cell-membrane-enriched preparations, of nasal epithelium did not show improved binding of 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one. We conclude that the extreme hydrophobicity of 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one is probably responsible for the high degree of non-specific binding noted and for variability in results. This is discussed in relation to other known odorous ligand/receptors in olfactory tissue, particularly that of 5 alpha-androstan-3-one. PMID- 3156052 TI - Photo CIDNP study on the complex formation of lambda cro protein with OR3. AB - A photo CIDNP spectrum of lambda cro repressor protein showed that one of the three tyrosines and His 35 are quite accessible to the photosensitive dye. For the remaining two tyrosine residues one is slightly accessible, but the other is inaccessible. In comparison with the result of differential nitration at tyrosine side chains followed by the peptide analysis, it can be concluded that Tyr 26 is mostly exposed and Tyr 51 is slightly exposed on the surface of the cro dimer. On the addition of OR3 17mer, His 35 and Tyr 26 are no longer accessible to the dye, which indicates that they are involved in interaction. However, a similar phenomenon was observed by adding CAP binding site 22mer. The interaction mechanism will be discussed. PMID- 3156055 TI - [Academician I. S. Beritashvili (Beritov) (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 3156056 TI - [Changes in the beta-endorphin levels in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid during transcranial electroanalgesia]. PMID- 3156057 TI - Drugs in dentistry. Bacterial endocarditis: new recommendations. PMID- 3156058 TI - Oral treatment and preventive procedures for the immuno- and myelosuppressed patient: preliminary study. PMID- 3156059 TI - Immunological alterations in a case of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome with recurrent cutaneous infections. AB - An immunological study was performed in a 16-year-old boy affected with Papillon Lefevre syndrome (PLS) and recurrent staphylococcal cutaneous infections. A defect of neutrophil intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus and a decreased lymphocyte proliferative response to phytohaemagglutinin were detected. The possible role of these alterations in promoting recurrent infections in PLS is discussed. PMID- 3156060 TI - Recent advances in measurement of gastrointestinal blood flow. PMID- 3156061 TI - Evaluation of laser Doppler flowmetry in the assessment of intestinal blood flow in cat. AB - Laser Doppler flowmetry with a differential detector system has been used in the assessment of blood flow in the feline small intestine. Simultaneous mucosal and serosal laser Doppler flowmeter recordings were compared with total blood flow of a bowel segment measured by an optical drop-recorder unit in 6 cats. Blood flow through the muscularis layer was estimated using the 85Kr washout technique. A correlation coefficient of r = 0.96 (mucosal recordings = 90, serosal recordings = 80, p less than 0.001) was obtained between laser Doppler flowmeter output signals and total blood flow at different levels of vascular tone, regardless of whether the flowmeter recordings were made from the mucosal or the serosal side of the bowel wall. At intense vasodilation, the flowmeters showed a tendency to underestimate blood flow. The flowmeter signals were at variance with the muscularis blood flow but were clearly correlated to the calculated mucosal submucosal blood flow. The uneven blood flow distribution in the intestinal wall did not affect the ability of the flowmeters to reflect total blood flow from either side of the bowel wall. A calibration curve could be constructed for approximate interpretation of the laser Doppler signals in absolute flow units. However, further experiments in humans and further development of the technique must be performed to elucidate clinical applications of the method. PMID- 3156062 TI - High-yield pedodontic radiology. PMID- 3156063 TI - Dental effects and management of bulimia nervosa. PMID- 3156066 TI - [The HLA system of the Uzbek population in the Ferghana Valley. HLA antigens, genes and haplotypes of the Uzbek population in relation to its ethnogenesis]. AB - Pecularities of distribution of 40 HLA antigens within the Uzbek population of the Ferghana Valley have been studied. The frequencies of these antigens are subdivided into three main groups having frequencies characteristic of the following populations: Caucasoid population (A9, B40, Bw22 etc.); Mongoloid population (B8, B7, B12); Middle Asian population (Aw31, B13, B16, Bw35), probably. The Uzbek population contains haplotypes both of Europeoid (Aw30, B13; A3, Bw35) and Mongoloid origin (A9, B40) and, probably, of the local origin (A1, B14; A1, Bw53; Aw32, B40). The data on the HLA genetics of the Uzbeks confirm the historical, linguistic and anthropological information concerning the role of inhabitants of the Central Asia in ethnogenesis and formation of the modern Uzbek population. PMID- 3156064 TI - Directed formation of deletions and duplications using Mud(Ap, lac). AB - A genetic procedure is directed for the isolation of chromosomal deletions and duplications with predetermined endpoints. These rearrangements are generated in transduction crosses using a mixture of P22-transducing phage lysates grown on two strains, each carrying a Mud-lac insertion. The formation of duplications and deletions was demonstrated in the his operon using insertions of Mud 1-8 (a transposition-defective Mud-lac phage). This technique was also used to make larger chromosomal duplications between Mud 1-8 insertions in the thr and leu biosynthetic operons and between Mud insertions in the thr and pyrB operons. Genetic evidence is presented that strongly suggests that inheritance of a single Mud prophage by P22-mediated crosses requires two transduced fragments; each carrying part of the Mud prophage. The two fragments must be involved in three recombinational exchanges; one exchange joins the donor Mud fragments and two exchanges occur between the composite fragment and the recipient chromosome, one on either side of the complete donor Mud element. Since duplications only occur between Mud insertions in the same orientation on the chromosome, the method of duplication formation provides a simple means of determining the orientation of Mud 1-8 on the chromosome and, therefore, the direction of transcription of the gene into which Mud is inserted. This method was also used to construct recombinants between a Mud 1-8 prophage and Casadaban's protein fusion vector Mud2 and, thereby, isolate Mud2-8, a Mud derivative containing the protein fusion ability of Mud2 and the defective transposition functions of Mud1-8. PMID- 3156068 TI - Coronary angioplasty in the elderly. PMID- 3156067 TI - [Integration of the related prophages lambda, phi 80 and their hybrid lambda att80 into the secondary chromosomal att sites of wild-type Escherichia coli]. AB - The family of lambdoid phages displays a varying specificity of integration into the host chromosome. The lambda phage DNA failed to get inserted at the secondary attachment site(s) of the gal operon (frequency less than 2.6 X 10(-8)) in the presence of the primary (normal) one. By contrast, phi 80 and the lambda att80 hybrid integrated into wild-type Escherichia coli at least, at two secondary att sites of the btuB locus, the latter phage being also capable of integration in the vicinity of purE and purC (frequency 2 X 10(-3) to 10(-4)). Integration of phi 80 and lambda att80 into btuB occurred with about the same frequency as in cells deleted for normal insertion site (0.7 divided by 4.0 X 10(-6)). An analysis of the secondary lysogens with the prophage in btuB showed them to be polylysogens; the additional prophage(s) was found in the primary att site. We also failed to observe integration of phi 80 and lambda att80 with formation of secondary monolysogens into other foci (frequency less than 0.0035, if multiplicity of infection was 10(-3) or 10). It is presumed that phi 80 and lambda att80 prophages get only integrated at secondary att sites in case the primary site is occupied. PMID- 3156065 TI - [Medico-genetic study of the population of Kostroma Province. I. The population burden of hereditary pathology]. AB - Data on the prevalence of hereditary diseases in five regions of the Kostroma province were obtained and analysed. It was shown that the ascertainment was close to the truncate selection for the rural population and to the single selection for the urban population. Segregational analysis proved the rightness of the material subdivision, according to the type of inheritance. The load of hereditary diseases (for the registered forms) in the population was: 0.78 +/- 0.08 X 10(-3) for autosomal dominant, 0.75 +/- 0.08 X 10(-3) for autosomal recessive and 0.54 +/- 0.1 X 10(-3) for X-linked recessive disorders. The dynamics of the load of hereditary diseases in the populations with different structure is discussed. PMID- 3156070 TI - [Clinico-morphological manifestations of silicosis in miners in complex-ore mines]. PMID- 3156069 TI - Coronary angioplasty: can you refer older patients? AB - Analyzing data of PTCA performed at our institution on people above age 65, we have been encouraged by its safety and the initially favorable angiographic and hemodynamic result. Projecting from Jang et al's data regarding relative cost effectiveness of PTCA and coronary bypass surgery at various major medical centers, PTCA was less costly by a factor of 2 to 5. This cost differential may actually be higher in the elderly. PMID- 3156071 TI - [Physiological and hygienic characteristics of the work of those employed on modern swine-raising farm complexes]. PMID- 3156072 TI - [Comparative physiological and hygienic evaluation of working conditions for workers engaged in manual and mechanical weaving]. PMID- 3156074 TI - [Health and hygiene assessment of the process for manufacturing cast forms from organic liquid self-hardening mixtures]. PMID- 3156073 TI - [Effectiveness of sanitary improvement measures introduced in the sheet-rolling shop of the Karaganda Metallurgical Plant]. PMID- 3156075 TI - [Hygienic characteristics of the working conditions in the manufacture of vanadium hydroxychloride]. PMID- 3156077 TI - Dermatitis from trimethylolpropane triacrylate. PMID- 3156078 TI - [New methods enrich gastroenterology. The concept of patient-friendly therapy- further methodological development]. PMID- 3156076 TI - Impaired suppressor activity in children affected by coeliac disease. AB - Immunoregulatory cells were enumerated in 19 coeliac disease children on a gluten free diet by means of monoclonal antibodies that define total T lymphocytes (T3), helper/inducer T cells (T4), suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (T8) and monocytes (M1), as well as by means of surface receptors for Fc fragments of IgM and IgG (T mu and T gamma, respectively). In addition, suppressor cell function was assessed in 17 coeliac disease patients by examining the ability of concanavalin-A (Con-A) activated suppressor cells to inhibit autologous cell response to mitogenic stimulus as compared with age-matched controls. No statistically significant differences were found in the percentages of subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies between coeliac disease patients and age-matched controls, whereas coeliac disease patients had a significant decrease of the subpopulation bearing membrane receptor for Fc fragment of IgG. Mean value was 8.5% in coeliac patients versus 13.4% in age-matched controls. In the functional assay, mononuclear cells from 10 out of 17 coeliac disease patients either totally or partially failed to suppress responder cells after Con-A-activation. This defect is not related to HLA-DR status, because no difference was found between patients-HLA-matched and unmatched normal individuals. In this assay, mononuclear cells of three coeliac disease patients with low suppressor activity were able to inhibit responder cells to the same extent as controls, when indomethacin was used to block prostaglandin production in the induction phase of Con-A-activated suppressor cells. Our results suggest that an abnormality in immunoregulation may play a role in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease. PMID- 3156079 TI - [Immunoglobulins in pollinoses: a new indication?]. PMID- 3156082 TI - [Experiences with laparoscopic interval sterilization with fallopian tube rings]. PMID- 3156081 TI - [Current status of external corticosteroid therapy]. PMID- 3156080 TI - [Indications for chromosome analysis]. PMID- 3156084 TI - Diphenylhydantoin-induced hypersensitivity reaction with interstitial nephritis. AB - A 10-year-old black girl had an episode of diphenylhydantoin(DPH)-induced exfoliative dermatitis, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, peripheral eosinophilia, and transient renal failure. The findings of specific lymphocyte sensitization of DPH, a clinically typical delayed hypersensitivity reaction, multinucleated histiocytes in the renal interstitium, and negative renal immunofluorescence studies for immune reactants indicate that the child's renal injury was at least partially cell-mediated. PMID- 3156083 TI - [Initial comparison in the USA: recurrence rate following coronary angioplasty is higher than following bypass operation]. PMID- 3156085 TI - Human chromosome variation with two Robertsonian translocations. AB - A woman was found to have 42 autosomes due to engagement of both chromosomes 14 in Robertsonian rearrangements, one with a chromosome 21 and the other with a chromosome 22: t(14q21q) and t(14q22q). The two translocations appear monocentric and by silver staining have no rRNA activity. The t(14q21q) translocation is familial and was ascertained through a nephew with Down syndrome, while the origin of the t(14q22q) translocation was not established. In addition to these two translocations, the woman had XX/XXX sex chromosome mosaicism. She has had two recognized pregnancies, each resulting in the birth of a child with one of the two translocations. Both children are phenotypically normal, as is their mother, the first normal liveborn individual identified with two Robertsonian translocations. PMID- 3156086 TI - Analysis of contact sensitivity to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) in allogeneic bone marrow chimaera in mice. AB - Irradiated C57BL/6 (B6) and C3H mice were reconstituted with bone marrow cells from BALB/c mice. The chimaeric mice, [BALB/c----B6] and [BALB/c----C3H], developed and expressed contact sensitivity to DNFB. The in vivo responses paralleled to proliferative responses of regional lymph node cells of the chimaeras to DNBS in vitro. Furthermore, intravenous administration of DNBS rendered the chimaeras tolerant to subsequent sensitization with DNFB. The tolerance was transferred to lightly irradiated BALB/c mice by the spleen and lymph node T cells. These results represent marked contrast to our previous observations that [B6----C3H] and [B6----AKR] chimaeras were unable to develop specific unresponsiveness to stimulation with DNFB by the intravenous route. The controversial observations seen in the chimaeras prepared by BALB/c bone marrows and those prepared by B6 cells are discussed. PMID- 3156087 TI - Rabbit lymphocyte factors modulate prostaglandin biosynthesis in alveolar macrophages. AB - We have previously shown that alveolar macrophages from BCG-infected rabbits release less prostaglandins (PG) and arachidonic acid than normal resident macrophages. In order to investigate the possible role of lymphocytes in modulating PG secretory activity of macrophages, we added the supernatant of spleen lymphocyte culture to alveolar macrophages prelabelled with [14C] arachidonic acid, and subsequently quantitated the release of PGs and arachidonic acid by macrophages. It was found that lymphocytes stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) released soluble factors which inhibited arachidonic acid release and PG synthesis by macrophages. This inhibition was not seen with either supernatant of lymphocytes cultured without PHA, or when PHA was added at the end of lymphocyte incubation. The inhibitor factors were pronase-sensitive and exhibited molecular weight heterogeneity. Production of these could be enhanced by indomethacin treatment. These lymphokines might play a regulatory role in the suppression of macrophage PG synthesis in cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 3156088 TI - Ly 1+2- suppressor T cells down-regulate the generation of Ly 1-2+ effector T cells during progressive growth of the P815 mastocytoma. AB - It has been shown that progressive growth of the P815 mastocytoma in its semisyngeneic B6D2 host results, between days 6 and 9 of tumour growth, in the generation of Ly 1-2+ T cells which are capable, on passive transfer, of causing the regression of an established tumour in gamma-irradiated recipients, and of T cells which are capable of lysing P815 tumour cells in vitro. After 9 days of tumour growth, these effector T cells are progressively lost; this is associated with the progressive acquisition of Ly 1+2- suppressor T cells which are capable of inhibiting the expression of passively transferred immunity against an established tumour in T-cell deficient recipients. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that this P815 mastocytoma grows progressively, in spite of its immunogenicity, because it evokes the generation of suppressor T cells before enough effector T cells are generated to reject it. PMID- 3156089 TI - Suppression in Xenopus laevis: thymus inducer, spleen effector cells. AB - Studies were carried out on suppressor function in the amphibian Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. Suppression by the thymus of haemagglutinin (HA) production by spleen is antigen-dependent, partially specific and not MHC restricted in this species (Ruben, Buenafe & Seivert, 1983). Three questions were considered in this study. Does the thymus effect suppression by stimulating peripheralized spleen effector cells, or do effector cells reside within the thymus? Do macrophages participate in the induction and/or expression of thymus dependent suppressor function? Can thymus suppressor and helper functions be distinguished by using irradiation treatment? The capacity of immunized thymus to suppress HA when co-cultured with spleen fragments from immunized, cyclophosphamide (CyP)-injected animals was tested. Immunized thymus failed to suppress the high levels of HA production by spleen fragments from CyP-treated, immunized donors. Colloidal carbon injection resulted in blockade of macrophage function, and both the capacity of thymuses to suppress and of spleens to be suppressed in co-cultures. Finally, the effect of thymus exposure to gamma irradiation in vitro was tested using autogeneic thymus/spleen combinations. This enabled the visualization of thymic helper function, which is MHC-restricted in Xenopus (Bernard et al., 1981). Four dosages of irradiation were tested after antigen challenge. The highest HA titres were produced by spleen co-cultures with thymuses which had received 1000 rads. We conclude that suppression of HA production in spleen is not the result of thymus suppressor effector cells, but that suppressor function is mediated by thymus inducer cells which stimulate suppressor effectors in spleen. Both the thymic inducers and effectors in the spleen are sensitive to CyP and macrophage blockade. Our studies further suggest that we are able to distinguish between the thymic functions of help and suppression in Xenopus by taking advantage of their differential sensitivities to irradiation. While it has been postulated, on other grounds, that suppression was one of the earliest thymic regulatory functions to have evolved (L.N. Ruben & R.H. Clothier, submitted), here we suggest the presence of sequential activities of more than one cellular subset, as early in evolution as the primitive anuran (tail-less) amphibia. PMID- 3156090 TI - B-cell function in common variable immunodeficiency: suppression of in vitro anti sheep erythrocytes antibody production by T cells and monocytes. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells from five of 21 patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI) stimulated in vitro by antigen produced antibodies normally. In 11 of the 16 non-responders, removal of adherent suppressor cells by Sephadex G-10 or removal of monocytes or OKT8 positive suppressor lymphocytes by other means of separation made antibody responses demonstrable. Cells adherent to the G-10 column had suppressor function in the autologous antigen driven system; the suppressor activity appeared to be due to adherent T cells in some patients and to adherent monocytes in others. The suppressor cell functions in these patients did not correlate significantly with the number of cells positive for monoclonal antibodies OKT8 or Leu-2. Factors suppressing antibody production in this system were found in normal serum but usually not in serum of the patients with CVI studied. Substances in normal serum which enhance antibody production in this system when added late in culture were present in serum of patients with CVI. Any abnormality of interleukin-1 production by monocytes of these patients did not seem relevant to the immunodeficiency. PMID- 3156091 TI - Influence of serotonin on the immune response. AB - The present study investigates the influence of pharmacological agents known to regulate biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5 HT) on the primary antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in the CBA mouse. Systemic administration of 5-HT (4-100 mg/kg) or its precursor, 5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP, 50-400 mg/kg), 30-60 min before immunization resulted in dose-dependent suppression of both the IgM and IgG plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to SRBC. Conversely, para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 250 mg/kg), which inhibits the rate-limiting enzyme (tryptophan hydroxylase) in 5-HT biosynthesis, markedly enhanced IgM and IgG antibody production when injected 48 hr prior to antigen. Effects of these drugs on immune processes appeared independent of observed changes in plasma corticosterone levels. Further, immune function was preserved following selective depletion of brain serotonin through intracisternal injection of the neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) in mice pretreated with desmethylimipramine (DMI). Thus, immunomodulation by serotonin appears to be mediated via peripheral mechanism(s). PMID- 3156092 TI - Analysis of the xenogeneic T-cell response to murine H-2 negative embryonal carcinoma cells. AB - Murine embryonal carcinoma cells are the stem cells of teratocarcinomas. They do not express H-2 antigens and previous reports have shown that these cells are not killed by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted murine cytotoxic T cells. Here we report that effectors generated in MLCs between responders from a W3/13 enriched, NK-cell-depleted, rat spleen population, and spleen stimulators from 129 mice can lyse 129 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, but not CBA EC cells. A similar pattern of specific lysis of EC cells was seen with effectors generated in MLCs between rat lymph node and mouse spleen stimulators. Following priming in vivo with 129 EC cells, the frequency of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors against both 129 EC cells and 129 blast targets was increased when compared with the frequency found in age- and sex-matched unprimed animals. This response shows both specificity and memory and we conclude from this that it is due to rat T cells recognizing mouse xenogeneic antigens. PMID- 3156093 TI - Acquired ability of Staphylococcus aureus to produce toxic shock-associated protein and resulting illness in a rabbit model. AB - Staphylococcus aureus from patients with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) produce TSS toxin 1. We transferred, by a bacteriophage, the ability to produce TSS toxin 1 from a TSS toxin 1-positive to a TSS toxin 1-negative strain of S. aureus. This recombinant strain produced TSS toxin 1 as confirmed by isoelectric focusing, immunodiffusion, radioimmunoassay, and autoradiography. The recombinant produced TSS-like illness in rabbits, and was significantly (P less than 0.001) more lethal than the recipient strain. Both strains produced fever and diarrhea, but, in addition, rabbits challenged with the recombinant also developed lowered blood pressure (P = 0.002), conjunctival hyperemia, erythroderma, and respiratory distress. Histopathological findings in rabbits challenged with the recombinant strain were remarkably similar to those described for humans with TSS, e.g., erythrophagocytosis, liver "triaditis," and vasodilatation. This study demonstrates that this protein may contribute to the pathogenesis of the TSS. PMID- 3156094 TI - Regulation of immune response by preadministration of cells briefly pulsed with antigen in vitro. III. Functional change of antigen presenting cells. AB - An intravenous administration of syngeneic spleen cells (SPCs) caused the reduction of antigen presenting activity of splenic adherent cells (SACs). The antigen presenting activity of SACs was reduced 10 days after the intravenous injection of 5 X 10(7) antigen pulsed or antigen nonpulsed SPCs. In contrast, when mice were immunized 5 days after the intravenous injection of SPCs, antigen presenting activity was reduced in the mice injected with antigen pulsed SPCs, and not in the mice injected with antigen nonpulsed SPCs. This reduction was recovered by the administration of cyclophosphamide 3 days before the injection of antigen pulsed SPCs, suggesting that suppressor T cells played an important role in the reduction of antigen presenting activity. PMID- 3156095 TI - Sezary's syndrome: a case with blood T-lymphocytes of helper phenotype, elevated IgE levels and circulating immune complexes. AB - A patient with Sezary's syndrome is described. Surface marker analysis of her peripheral blood lymphocytes exhibit a phenotype characteristic of mature helper T cells (OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8-, OKT6-). Serological studies revealed a polyclonal hyperimmunoglobulinemia with large amounts of IgE and IgA and circulating immune complexes that activate the complementary system via alternative pathway. The patient's cells showed a helper activity on normal B cell differentiation after a 7-day co-culture with pokeweed mitogen. The relevance of this helper phenotype and the function on in vivo polyclonal B cell activation is discussed. PMID- 3156096 TI - Volumetrical microcomputer-based ultrafiltration monitor for hemodialysis. AB - Uniform and controlled ultrafiltration during hemodialysis can decrease dialysis side effects. One of the prerequisites for this treatment is accurate measurement of ultrafiltration. The best method currently available for ultrafiltration measurement is based on the volumetrically measured change of dialysate flow over the dialyzer. We have developed an ultrafiltration monitor (UFM) for hemodialysis using two micro-oval flowmeters that measure the flow rate of the dialysate entering and leaving the dialyzer. Correction for intrinsic error was achieved with an Acorn microprocessor, in a calibration run without ultrafiltration and constant, equal flow through both flow transducers. The accuracy of the UFM in vitro was 99.4% of the mean total ultrafiltration, with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 (n = 8) with actual ultrafiltration. In vivo, in which UFM was compared with bed scale body weight monitoring, a correlation coefficient of 0.97 (n = 82) was obtained, and an accuracy of 90% of total ultrafiltration as measured by the change in body weight. Therefore, this UFM provides a cheap and reliable method for ultrafiltration measurement. PMID- 3156097 TI - Short-term effects of danazol and medroxyprogesterone acetate on cytosol and nuclear estrogen and progestin receptors, 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, histopathology, and ultrastructure of human endometrial adenocarcinoma. AB - We measured concentrations of cytosol and nuclear estrogen, as well as progestin receptors and activities of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17-HSD), and examined histopathology and ultrastructure of endometrial carcinoma specimens taken before and after one-week danazol (200 mg, 3 times daily) or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, 100 mg daily) treatments in 14 and 16 patients, respectively. A typical progestin effect, a significant increase in the activity of 17-HSD, was observed after both treatments. The post-therapy 17-HSD activities correlated significantly with the pretreatment cytosol progestin receptor concentrations in both treatment groups. Both MPA and danazol decreased the proliferative activity and increased the secretory activity of the malignant epithelial endometrial cells. These biochemical and morphological results support the concept that danazol has progestin-like actions on the human endometrium, and might therefore be an alternative for hormonal treatment of endometrial carcinoma. PMID- 3156098 TI - Quantification of transvalvular pressure differences in aortic stenosis by Doppler ultrasound. AB - The transvalvular pressure difference in 58 consecutive patients with valvular aortic stenosis was calculated from maximal aortic jet velocity measured by continuous wave Doppler ultrasound within 24 hr of cardiac catheterization. An adequate Doppler registration was obtained in 50 patients (86%), and no patient was excluded from the study because of a non-ideal registration. For the total series of patients, a correlation coefficient r = 0.85 between Doppler-calculated and invasively measured pressure differences was obtained, and for the 6 patients examined simultaneously by the two methods a correlation coefficient r = 0.91 was obtained. These results confirm that Doppler ultrasound is a useful method for quantification of the pressure difference across the valve in aortic stenosis. Together with other non-invasive measures, Doppler ultrasound is a valuable aid in the evaluation of patients with suspected aortic stenosis. PMID- 3156099 TI - The "new economics" and industrial health: an explanation. PMID- 3156100 TI - Blepharitis associated with acne rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis. PMID- 3156101 TI - Lymphoid cells and granulocyte progenitors in early human fetal livers: immunological parameters and in vitro cellular interactions. AB - Human fetal liver (HFL) transplantations have been performed in infants with severe combined immunodeficiency and in patients with aplastic anemia, but the success rates have been extremely low, partly due to insufficient cell doses in grafts from a single donor. In order to explore the possible use of combining several HFL grafts from multiple donors, we studied immunological parameters as well as the in vitro responses of HFL cells from 20 fetuses, at 6 to 11 weeks of gestation, to allogeneic HFL cells and to adult lymphocytes in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), and the granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) assay. HFL cells of 6 to 11 weeks of gestation were found to lack populations of cells bearing surface markers of T- and B-lymphocytes and were capable of proliferating into lymphoid colonies. Virtually no MLR was found to allogeneic HFL cells or to adult lymphocytes [stimulation index (SI) 0.63 to 1.94], whereas adult lymphocytes responded normally to HFL cells (SI 3.9 to 62.0). Coculturing mixtures of allogeneic HFL cells in agar did not lead to suppression of the GM-CFC capacity of each liver. It appears that HFL at 6 to 11 weeks of gestation lack immunocompetent cells capable of provoking positive MLR in response to allogeneic HFL cells or to adult lymphocytes, and also capable of inactivating HFL-derived hematopoietic stem cells. This model may represent an in vitro counterpart for the in vivo pooling of HFL cells from multiple donors performed in order to increase graft cell dosage in man. PMID- 3156102 TI - Behcet's disease: clinical and immunological response to immunosuppressive therapy. A case report. AB - A patient with Behcet's disease had recurrent bilateral uveitis with retinal exudates and visual deterioration while under intermittent corticosteroid treatment. His peripheral blood lymphocytes showed the following abnormalities: low percentage of T cells; low T cell suppressor activity; high spontaneous B cell proliferation; and high response to phytohemagglutinin. Prostaglandin producing adherent cells were found to have suppressive activity. Chlorambucil induced a clinical and immunological remission. PMID- 3156103 TI - Segregation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in sarcoidosis according to their affinity to insolubilized histamine. AB - Using a method based on the differential affinity of mononuclear cells to insolubilized histamine, we were able to distinguish several differences in the composition of T cell subpopulations between healthy control subjects and sarcoidosis patients. In 5 of 10 patients with sarcoidosis, the ability of T cells to respond to three mitogens was severely depressed, while in the remaining 5 it was similar to the response of normal subjects. After the elimination of a subpopulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that adhered to the histamine column, the response to mitogens of the unbound cells of normal control subjects was significantly lower than values obtained before separation. The histamine-unbound lymphocytes of the five patients with active sarcoidosis, whose unseparated PBMC responded poorly to mitogens, reacted significantly better to the mitogens than before the separation. This pattern of responsiveness has been previously only in PBMC of patients with autoimmune diseases. It seems that some patients with sarcoidosis possess a subpopulation of T-lymphocytes with suppressor activity and a specific affinity to insolubilized histamine, the elimination of which restores the level of response to almost normal. PMID- 3156104 TI - Tay-Sachs disease in an Arab child. PMID- 3156106 TI - Significance of early chest pain after coronary angioplasty. AB - In summary, coronary angioplasty has proved to be an alternative to bypass surgery in relieving angina in selected patients. Unfortunately, some patients experience early transient chest pain during their hospitalization. Early prolonged chest pain with electrocardiographic changes requires nursing attention because it may represent an acute complication of PTCA requiring immediate medical intervention. PMID- 3156105 TI - [Etretinate: pro and con. Risk-benefit analysis of systemic retinoid therapy in psoriasis and recent developments: free aromatic acid, arotinoids]. AB - Synthetic retinoids were first evaluated 15 years ago for systemic treatment of psoriasis in the Federal Republic of Germany. Etretinate was introduced 2 years ago into the market for systemic treatment of all severe types of the disease. Today etretinate is administered as monotherapy and/or combined with other modalities (anthralin, tar, topical corticosteroids, selective UV therapy, RePUVA), which leads to successful clearing in most cases. Nevertheless, thorough consideration of the risk-benefit ratio is required in each individual patient. The advantages and disadvantages are presented that should be taken into consideration. As a rule, severe cases of psoriasis are admitted to the hospital; initial treatment is given and then continued on an outpatient basis. In some patients, particularly those with pustular eruptions and/or erythroderma, low dosage oral etretinate may be continued for prophylactic reasons over several months or years. Since the amount of hospitalization is reduced, the overall treatment costs are reduced in spite of the high cost of the drug. The main disadvantage of oral retinoids is their teratogenicity, although no severe cases of retinoid toxicity have been reported in the last 2 years in the Federal Republic of Germany since their introduction. As a successor drug to etretinate, its free aromatic acid, Ro 10-1670 is now under clinical investigation. It seems to be clinically effective, is rapidly eliminated, and requires only 4 weeks contraception after discontinuation of oral administration. Arotinoids then follow. PMID- 3156107 TI - Definition of DW8.2 by primary and secondary mixed lymphocyte cultures. AB - Using HLA-DW8 homozygous typing cells (HTC) of different ethnic origin it is possible to identify three subgroups of the DW8/DRW8 product (Mickelson et al., 1983). To further characterize the DW8.2 subgroup defined by HTCs of Amerindian origin we have now generated bulk PLTs within members of one extended Amerindian family and within selected HTCs of Caucasian, Oriental, and Amerindian origin. A panel of 61 DRW8 positive and negative donors of the three ethnic groups was used to test 15 different PLTs. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to generate DW8.1, 8.2, or 8.3 sensitized lymphocytes which distinguish in secondary cultures between each of the three subgroups of the DW8/DRW8 products. Of 40 DRW8 cells tested, 100% Caucasians typed as DW8.1, 100% Amerindians were 8.2; 75% Orientals were DW8.3; 8.3% were DW8.2, and 16.6% could not be classified within any of these subgroups. DRW8 individuals of mixed ethnic origin typed as either DW8.1 or DW8.2 and one DRW8 homozygous donor behaved as heterozygous 8.1/8.2. These results confirm the subdivision of the DW8/DRW8 product and explain the poor correlation and unexpected responses reported in MLC with DW8 HTCs and DRW8 donors of different ethnic origin. PMID- 3156108 TI - Modifications of CFU-S differentiation pathways by pluripoietins: influence of treatment protocols. AB - Similar total doses of Ara-C given as a single injection or given in a fractionated protocol have reverse effects on CFU-S differentiation pathways. Whereas a single dose of 20 mg channels CFU-S towards erythropoiesis, 5 X 5 mg given at 8 or 24 hour intervals channels CFU-S to granulopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis. It therefore seems possible to manipulate CFU-S differentiation not only by varying the inducing agents but also by varying the protocols using the same agent. Hypotheses to explain the mechanisms of CFU-S regulation are presented. PMID- 3156109 TI - Hypoxic cell radiosensitizers: expectations and progress in drug development. AB - When misonidazole (MISO) was introduced into clinical trials there were great expectations that the cure rate of many tumors would be dramatically increased. The lack of efficacy of MISO discouraged further studies with hypoxic cell sensitizers. In recent years superior sensitizers SR 2508 and RO-03-8799 have been introduced into the clinic. SR 2508 is less neurotoxic than MISO, allowing more than three times the total amount of drug to be administered. Furthermore, based on the analysis of a patient's plasma pharmacokinetic profile, neurotoxicity may be largely avoidable. RO-03-8799 is superior in that it produces a higher sensitizer enhancement ratio than MISO for the same administered dose. Unlike with MISO and SR 2508, the dose of RO-03-8799 that can be administered is limited by acute toxicity with no cumulative toxicity having yet been encountered. The lack of overlapping toxicities of RO-03-8799 and SR 2508 may permit their simultaneous use with radiation thereby further increasing the utility of this class of compounds. Study design has improved and the expected clinical benefit from sensitizers has been clarified. Sensitizers, like particle radiation therapy and hyperthermia will, if successful, effect the rate of local tumor control, but cannot improve the cure rate of patients with preexisting metastatic disease. Taking into account the need to optimize reoxygenation, the various reasons for tumor radioresistance other than hypoxia, and the lower oxygen and sensitizer enhancement ratios at 200 cGy per fraction, it is likely that sensitizers will provide some clinical benefit for patients with selected tumor types. Future trials with sensitizers may not only provide clinical benefit but may help answer the question as to the role of hypoxia in clinical radiotherapy. PMID- 3156110 TI - Modification of tumor response to cyclophosphamide and irradiation by preirradiation of the tumor bed: prolonged growth delay but reduced curability. AB - The effect of tumor bed irradiation (TBX) on subsequent tumor response to treatment with cyclophosphamide (CY) or further irradiation was studied in mice. Using the growth delay assay, the therapeutic response was enhanced by prior TBX: for example, in mice receiving 3000 rad TBX 1 day before fibrosarcoma cell inoculation, the growth delay from 8 to 12 mm produced by CY (150 mg/kg) was 18.8 days compared with 9.4 days without prior TBX. This effect was independent of time between TBX and tumor cell inoculation over the range 1-56 days. When tumor cure experiments were performed, however, the effect of prior TBX was to decrease significantly the proportion of tumors controlled by either CY or irradiation and to make the dose-response curve for radiocurability less steep. These data are best interpreted by postulating that TBX increases the environmental heterogeneity of tumors growing in preirradiated sites, with an overall net decrease in the cell kill achieved by a given dose of CY or radiation. This results in increased resistance to cure and a lack of dose response. However, the TBX also causes slower regrowth of surviving cells, so that an increase in tumor growth delay is realized. Thus, although eradication of postirradiation recurrences by chemotherapy is compromised, their palliation may actually be enhanced. PMID- 3156112 TI - In-vitro activity of pefloxacin compared to enoxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin and new beta-lactams. AB - The in-vitro activity of pefloxacin was compared with that of norfloxacin, enoxacin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and, where appropriate, other beta-lactams against a total of 363 recent clinical isolates. An agar dilution procedure was used to determine MICs and two inocula (10(4) and 10(6) cfu) were used throughout. Pefloxacin inhibited 90% of isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, indole-positive Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., Shigella sonnei, Salmonella typhi, Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae at less than or equal to 0.5 mg/l. Serratia marcescens and Providencia stuartii were somewhat more resistant, 2 mg/l of pefloxacin being required to inhibit 90% of isolates of these species. Pefloxacin inhibited 90% of isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 4 mg/l and 90% of isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group at 16 mg/l. The activity of enoxacin was similar to that of pefloxacin, with enoxacin being four fold less active against Staph. aureus, two-fold less active against the Bacteroides fragilis group and most species of the Enterobacteriaceae, and two fold more active against Ps. aeruginosa. Pefloxacin showed good activity against gentamicin-resistant Ps. aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae and against methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus. Strains with decreased susceptibility to norfloxacin tended to be less susceptible to both pefloxacin and enoxacin. PMID- 3156111 TI - Dose-response studies on male reproductive parameters in dogs with nafarelin acetate, a potent LHRH agonist. AB - Adult male beagle dogs were administered daily subcutaneous injections of either 0.5 or 2.0 micrograms/kg of a potent LHRH agonist, nafarelin acetate, for 44 days. Although there was a rise in the circulating levels of the gonadotropins and of testosterone following the early injections of agonist, continued treatment caused a marked decline in acute response and basal levels of both LH and testosterone and smaller decreases in the acute FSH response. The decline in LH and testosterone was accompanied by decreases in testicular volume, ejaculated sperm count, sperm motility, ejaculate volume, and duration of ejaculation. The decline in these parameters was more rapid at 2.0 micrograms/kg than at 0.5 micrograms/kg. The profile of responses to 2.0 micrograms/kg could be superimposed on that previously shown for the injection of 10.0 micrograms/kg. At the end of treatment, prostate weights were 36% and 68% of vehicle-treated controls for high- and low-dose animals, respectively. Spermatogenesis was absent in the testes of all agonist-treated animals. Over the dose range tested, the dose-response on all parameters was characterized by a slower evolution to the same maximal effect, rather than by a partial effect. If these data can be extrapolated to man, they would suggest that administration of higher dose levels of LHRH agonists than presently reported should be explored. PMID- 3156114 TI - Current management of diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 3156113 TI - Laboratory evaluation of enoxacin: comparison with norfloxacin and nalidixic acid. AB - Enoxacin displayed activity similar to that of norfloxacin against enterobacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococci, streptococci and Bacteroides spp. The activity of enoxacin against many strains was reduced in acid conditions, but the pH effect was not so marked as that seen with norfloxacin. Nalidixic acid was found to be more active in acid conditions, particularly against staphylococci, Streptococcus faecalis and Ps. aeruginosa. In conditions simulating the treatment of bacterial cystitis, a single dose of enoxacin, achieving a peak concentration of 50 mg/l, suppressed growth of nalidixic acid-sensitive and -resistant Gram-negative bacilli for periods of between 18 and 25 X 5 h. Reduced susceptibility of bacteria surviving exposure to enoxacin was observed in one nalidixic acid-resistant strain of Escherichia coli and in nalidixic acid-sensitive strains exposed to low doses (peak concentration = 5 mg/l) of enoxacin. These results are similar to those obtained with norfloxacin and substantially better than those obtained with nalidixic acid. PMID- 3156115 TI - Chronic ear disease--the ultimate sound barrier. PMID- 3156117 TI - Guidelines for prescribers of controlled drugs. PMID- 3156116 TI - Low back evaluation physician motivation. PMID- 3156118 TI - Current perspectives in infantile apnea. PMID- 3156119 TI - Clinical uses of the tensor fascia lata myocutaneous flap. PMID- 3156120 TI - Osteopenia of aging. PMID- 3156121 TI - Efficiency of induction of prophage lambda mutants as a function of recA alleles. AB - Mutants of the cI gene of prophage lambda have been defined phenotypically in a recA+ host as noninducible (Ind-), inducible (Ind+), or induction sensitive (Inds). We showed that a phage lambda cI+ carrying operator mutations v2 and v3 displays an Inds phenotype, as does lambda cI inds-1. We characterized a fourth induction phenotype called induction resistant (Indr). Using these four prophage types, we tested the influence of bacterial recA mutations on prophage induction. Indr prophages were fully induced in recA441 bacteria whose RecA441 protein is activated constitutively. Indr prophages were not induced in a mutant overproducing RecA+ protein, confirming that RecA+ protein must be activated to promote prophage induction. Inds prophages were induced in recA142 and recA453 441 lysogens, previously described as deficient in prophage induction. PMID- 3156122 TI - Stimulation of beta(1----3)glucan synthetase of various fungi by nucleoside triphosphates: generalized regulatory mechanism for cell wall biosynthesis. AB - Particulate fractions from the taxonomically diverse fungi Achlya ambisexualis, Hansenula anomala, Neurospora crassa, Cryptococcus laurentii, Schizophyllum commune, and Wangiella dermatitidis were found to catalyze the time-dependent incorporation of glucose from UDP-[14C]glucose into a water-insoluble material. The reaction was stimulated by bovine serum albumin. The product was characterized as beta(1----3)glucan on the basis of its resistance to alpha- and beta-amylase and susceptibility to beta(1----3)glucanase. With the exception of the preparation from A. ambisexualis, all others were stimulated by nucleoside triphosphates and their analogs. The best activators were GTP and guanosine 5' (gamma-thio)triphosphate. It is concluded that the stimulation by nucleotides, previously found with the glucan synthetase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a regulatory mechanism that was well conserved during fungal evolution, presumably because of its importance in controlling cell wall biosynthesis and cell growth. PMID- 3156123 TI - Effects of beta-pinene on yeast membrane functions. AB - The effects of beta-pinene on yeast cells were studied. This terpene inhibited respiration with glucose or ethanol as the substrate. The inhibition depended on the ratio of the terpene to the amount of yeast cells; for a fixed concentration of pinene, inhibition decreased as the amount of yeast cells increased. Pinene also inhibited the pumping of protons and K+ transport, but this inhibition was more marked with with ethanol than with glucose as the substrate, indicating the mitochondrial localization of the inhibition. The studies on isolated mitochondria showed a series of effects, starting with the disappearance of the respiratory control and deenergization of the organelles and followed by an inhibition of respiration at higher concentrations of the terpene. The effect on respiration could be localized to the cytochrome b region of the electron transport chain. No effect could be detected on the activity of ATPase. The effects can be ascribed to a localization of pinene on membranes which was also accompanied by a decrease in the fluorescence polarization of diphenyl hexatriene, probably meaning an increase in the fluidity of the membrane, localized preferentially to the mitochondria. PMID- 3156124 TI - Essential and nonessential sequences in malPp, a positively controlled promoter in Escherichia coli. AB - A plasmid bearing the malPp promoter was digested with Bal31 to obtain a set of deletions with closely spaced endpoints in the upstream region of this promoter. Some of these deletions were sequenced, and their effect on malPQ expression was determined after having transferred them onto the chromosome. We found that a site which binds the cyclic AMP receptor protein in vitro and which is centered at position -93 with respect to the site of transcription initiation could be deleted without affecting malPQ expression. In contrast, the activity of the malPp promoter decreased abruptly when the deletions reached position -72. The downstream region of the promoter was analyzed by using a technique of "sequence replacement" which involved the selection of Mal+ pseudorevertants from strains which carried small deletions in the -25 region. The pseudorevertants, which expressed the malPQ operon in a manner indistinguishable from wild type, had grossly different sequences downstream from position -38, except for a few positions, some of which must be important for promoter function. By combining all presently available information, it is suggested that the malPp promoter contains three binding sites for its activator, the product of gene malT. These sites are defined by three quasi-identical hexanucleotides present in one orientation around position -37 and twice in the other orientation around positions -60 and -73. PMID- 3156125 TI - Enhanced secretion of glucosyltransferase by changes in potassium ion concentrations is accompanied by an altered pattern of membrane fatty acids in Streptococcus salivarius. AB - Growth of Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975 in a Na+-based medium containing 1 to 50 mM K+ enhanced extracellular glucosyltransferase production by 3.7-fold over the level of enzyme found in a K+-based medium containing 184 mM K+. Enzyme synthesis and secretion were further enhanced in a nonlinear manner with respect to the concentration of K+ in the medium when cells were cultured from an inoculum grown in the presence of 1 mM K+. This concentration of K+ was the minimum required to maintain a near-maximum growth rate for S. salivarius in medium where K+ was limited. A maximum sevenfold stimulation of glucosyltransferase production occurred at 18 mM K+ under these conditions. Analysis of the total membrane lipids showed that the composition of octadecanoic acid increased with decreasing K+ concentration essentially at the expense of the octadecenoic acid moiety. Extracellular glucosyltransferase production was found to be directly related to the ratio of these two fatty acids. Similar confirmatory results over a greater range of enzyme production were obtained with nonproliferating cell suspensions. PMID- 3156127 TI - Demonstration and partial characterization of glutathione disulfide-stimulated ATPase activity in the plasma membrane fraction from rat hepatocytes. AB - A highly purified plasma membrane fraction isolated from rat hepatocytes was found to catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP in response to micromolar concentrations of glutathione disulfide (GSSG). This process exhibited distinct kinetic parameters suggesting the existence of both a high and low affinity component. The apparent Km values (GSSG) for ATP hydrolysis were 140 microM and 1 mM for the high affinity and low affinity components, respectively. Disulfides other than GSSG were also found to stimulate ATP hydrolysis. The similarity between the kinetic properties of the GSSG-stimulated ATPase and those reported for GSSG transport in erythrocytes (Kondo, T., Dale, G. L., and Beutler, E. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 6359-6362) suggests that the ATPase may function in the active extrusion of intracellular GSSG. PMID- 3156126 TI - The side effect profile and safety of fluoxetine. AB - The side effect profile and safety of fluoxetine are reviewed. Side effects reported more frequently with fluoxetine than with tricyclic antidepressants are nausea, nervousness, and insomnia. Anticholinergic side effects are reported less often with fluoxetine. Analysis of adverse experiences leading to discontinuations suggests that this drug has very few serious side effects. There is no evidence that fluoxetine produces a flu-like syndrome or neuropathy similar to that seen with zimelidine. It does not appear to cause phospholipidosis in humans. Fluoxetine appears to have no epileptogenic potential except at extremely high doses. It is usually well tolerated in overdoses. PMID- 3156128 TI - Protein S is required for bovine platelets to support activated protein C binding and activity. AB - Gel-filtered platelets accelerate activated protein C inactivation of factor Va in a reaction that requires the presence of protein S. With protein S present, specific activated protein C binding to the platelet surface is observed (Kd = 11 +/- 3 nM, 203 +/- 20 sites/platelet). The concentration dependence of the activated protein C-mediated factor Va inactivation is in close agreement with the binding. The observed binding is specific since protein C does not compete with activated protein C. Platelet-bound activated protein C is approximately 8000 times more active than the solution-phase enzyme. Platelet activation with thrombin results in formation of a site capable of accelerating factor Va inactivation by activated protein C in the absence of added protein S. This cell surface site is blocked by the addition of affinity purified antibodies to protein S. We conclude that protein S is required for activated protein C binding to the platelet surface and subsequent rapid factor Va inactivation. Platelet activation leads to the expression of either protein S or an antigenically related protein which can substitute for exogenously added protein S. PMID- 3156129 TI - Ca2+ transport across the platelet plasma membrane. A role for membrane glycoproteins IIB and IIIA. AB - Human platelets maintain a low cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration in part by controlling plasma membrane Ca2+ transport. The present studies examine the role in this process of two well-characterized membrane proteins: glycoproteins IIb and IIIa. These glycoproteins form a Ca2+-dependent complex which serves as both the platelet fibrinogen receptor and the principle site for high affinity Ca2+ binding on the platelet surface. The kinetics of plasma membrane Ca2+ exchange were compared in normal platelets and in thrombasthenic platelets, which lack the IIb X IIIa complex. Under steady-state conditions, the maximum rate of plasma membrane Ca2+ exchange in the thrombasthenic platelets was half the rate observed in normal platelets. The size of the cytosolic exchangeable Ca2+ pool and the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration, however, were normal. A quantitatively similar decrease in plasma membrane Ca2+ exchange was seen in normal platelets after incubation with ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) at 37 degrees C, conditions that dissociate the IIb X IIIa complex. This decrease in the Ca2+ exchange rate in normal platelets could be prevented by preincubating platelets with a complex-specific anti-IIb X IIIa monoclonal antibody, but not by preincubating platelets with an anti-IIIa monoclonal antibody. In order to determine whether loss of the IIb X IIIa complex primarily affects Ca2+ influx or Ca2+ efflux, both processes were also examined under nonsteady-state conditions. An immediate decrease in the 45Ca2+ influx rate was seen when Ca2+ was added back to platelets preincubated with EGTA at 37 degrees C. The 45Ca2+ efflux rate, on the other hand, was not immediately affected. These data suggest, therefore, that an intact IIb X IIIa complex is necessary for normal Ca2+ homeostasis in platelets. PMID- 3156130 TI - Phosphorylation of a chromaffin granule-binding protein by protein kinase C. AB - Protein kinase C was detected in a group of Ca2+-dependent chromaffin granule membrane-binding proteins (chromobindins) on the basis of Ca2+-, phosphatidylserine-, 1,2-diolein-, and phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated histone kinase activity. When the chromobindins were incubated with [gamma 32P]ATP, Ca2+, and phosphatidylserine, 32P was incorporated predominantly into a protein of mass 37 +/- 1 kilodaltons (chromobindin 9, or CB9). Phosphorylation of this protein was also stimulated by diolein and phorbol myristate acetate, indicating that it is a substrate for the protein kinase C activity present in the chromobindins. Maximum phosphate incorporation into CB9 in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+, 75 micrograms/ml of phosphatidylserine, 2.5 micrograms/ml of diolein, and 12.5 micrograms/ml of dithiothreitol was 0.53 mol/mol of CB9 in 5 min. Eight 32P-labeled phosphopeptides were resolved in two-dimensional electrophoretic maps of trypsin digests of CB9. Phosphoamino acid analysis revealed that phosphorylation was exclusively on serine (94%) and threonine (6%) residues. Incubation of the chromobindins with chromaffin granule membranes in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP resulted in the incorporation of 32P into eight additional proteins besides CB9 that could be separated from the membranes by centrifugation in the presence of ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N' tetraacetic acid. We suggest that phosphorylation of CB9 or these additional eight proteins may regulate events underlying exocytosis in the chromaffin cell. PMID- 3156131 TI - A human opal suppressor tRNA gene and pseudogene. AB - A human DNA library, cloned in bacteriophage lambda, was screened with an opal suppressor tRNA probe. Two genes were isolated, subcloned into pBR322, and sequenced. One is a normal opal suppressor tRNA gene 87 nucleotides in length without intervening sequences. It has a TCA anticodon demonstrating that the mature tRNA reads the termination codon UGA. The 5' internal control region for transcription has two extra nucleotides compared to the consensus sequence for eucaryotic tRNA genes, while the 3' internal control region is normal. This gene differs from a previously sequenced chicken opal suppressor serine tRNA gene (Hatfield, D., Dudock, B., and Eden, F. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 4940-4944) only at position 11. The second human gene appears to be a pseudogene truncated near the 3' end, since in the cloverleaf form of the mature tRNA there are three noncomplementary bases in the acceptor stem. The two human genes have a high degree of homology and, excluding the truncated 3' terminus of the pseudogene, differ in only two positions. The flanking sequences of the pseudogene are about 90% homologous to the consensus sequence of the human Alu family of repeated sequences. This gene appears to have been inserted between two adjacent Alu family members. PMID- 3156132 TI - Insulin- and phorbol ester-stimulated phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. AB - The relative abilities of insulin and the phorbol ester tumor promoter 12-O tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) to lead to the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in vivo were compared in a Reuber H35 hepatoma cell line shown previously to be highly responsive to these agents. In quiescent (serum starved) cultures of H35 cells incubated with 32Pi, both insulin (10(-7) M) and TPA (1.6 X 10(-6) M) resulted in the marked phosphorylation of S6 compared to the unstimulated cultures as evidenced by an increase in radioactivity associated with S6 and by a corresponding shift in the mobility of phosphorylated S6 during two-dimensional electrophoresis. Following incubation with insulin or TPA, greater than 95% of the phosphate was in derivatives containing four to five phosphate groups. The site-specific phosphorylation of S6 in response to both optimal and suboptimal concentrations of insulin and/or TPA was examined by two dimensional peptide mapping of the trypsin-digested ribosomal protein S6. The tryptic phosphopeptides of S6 obtained following treatment of the H35 cells with insulin and/or TPA were identical and were the same phosphopeptides as those observed previously following the phosphorylation in vitro of 40 S ribosomal subunits from reticulocytes with purified protease-activated kinase II (Perisic, O., and Traugh, J. A. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 13998-14002). PMID- 3156133 TI - Hormone-induced redistribution of calcium-activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in pituitary gonadotrophs. AB - The distribution of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) between cytosol and membrane fractions was analyzed in cultured pituitary gonadotrophs during treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). In pituitary cells purified by centrifugal elutriation, the extent of protein kinase C redistribution during GnRH stimulation was correlated with the enrichment of gonadotrophs. GnRH-stimulated release of luteinizing hormone (LH) from gonadotroph-enriched cells was accompanied by a rapid and dose dependent decrease in cytosolic protein kinase C and by a corresponding increase in protein kinase C activity in the particulate fraction. Retinal directly inhibited the activity of cytosolic protein kinase C and also attenuated the release of LH from GnRH-stimulated gonadotrophs. These findings, and the ability of GnRH to cause rapid translocation of cytosolic protein kinase C to a membrane associated form, suggest that hormonal activation of protein kinase C is an intermediate step in the stimulation of pituitary LH secretion by GnRH. PMID- 3156135 TI - Oxygen exchange between phosphate and water accompanies calcium-regulated ATPase activity of skinned fibers from rabbit skeletal muscle. AB - The extent of oxygen exchange between phosphate and water has been measured for the calcium-regulated magnesium-dependent ATPase activity of chemically skinned fibers from rabbit skeletal muscle. The oxygen exchange was determined for isometrically held fibers by measuring with a mass spectrometer the distribution of 18O atoms in the product inorganic phosphate when ATP hydrolysis was carried out in H2(18)O. The extent of exchange was much greater in relaxed muscle (free Ca2+ less than 10(-8) M) than in calcium-activated muscle (free Ca2+ approximately equal to 3 X 10(-5) M). Activated fibers had an ATPase activity at least 30-fold greater than the relaxed fibers. These results correlate well with the extents of oxygen exchange accompanying magnesium-dependent myosin and unregulated actomyosin ATPase activities, respectively. In relaxed fibers, comparison of the amount of exchange with the ATPase activity suggests that the rate constant for the reformation of myosin-bound ATP from the myosin products complex is about 10 s-1 at 20 degrees C and pH 7.1. In each experiment the distribution of 18O in the Pi formed was incompatible with a single pathway for ATP hydrolysis. In the case of the calcium-activated fibers, the multiple pathways for ATP hydrolysis appeared to be an intrinsic property of the actomyosin ATPase in the fiber. These results indicate that in muscle fibers, as in isolated actomyosin, cleavage of protein-bound ATP is readily reversible and that association of the myosin products complex with actin promotes Pi release. PMID- 3156134 TI - Purification of a RecA protein analogue from Bacillus subtilis. AB - We have identified in Bacillus subtilis an analogue of the Escherichia coli RecA protein. Its activities suggest that it has a corresponding role in general genetic recombination and in regulation of SOS (DNA repair) functions. The B. subtilis protein (B. subtilis Rec) has a Mr of 42,000 and cross-reacts with antisera raised against E. coli RecA protein. Its level is significantly reduced in the recombination-deficient recE4 mutant. B. subtilis Rec is induced 10- to 20 fold in rec+ strains following treatment with mitomycin C, whereas it is not induced in the recombination-deficient mutants recE4, recE45, and recA1. We have purified B. subtilis Rec about 2000-fold to near homogeneity and we describe its activities. It catalyzes DNA-dependent hydrolysis of dATP at a rate comparable to that of E. coli RecA protein. However, B. subtilis Rec has a negligible ATPase activity, although ATP effectively inhibits dATP hydrolysis. In the presence of dATP, B. subtilis Rec catalyzes DNA strand transfer, assayed by the conversion of phi X174 linear duplex DNA and homologous circular single-stranded DNA to replicative form II (circular double-stranded DNA with a discontinuity in one strand). ATP does not support strand transfer by this protein. B. subtilis Rec catalyzes proteolytic cleavage of E. coli LexA repressor in a reaction that requires single-stranded DNA and nucleoside triphosphate. This result suggests that an SOS regulatory system like the E. coli system is present in B. subtilis. The B. subtilis enzyme does not promote any detectable cleavage of the E. coli bacteriophage lambda repressor. PMID- 3156136 TI - Structural relatedness of three ion-transport adenosine triphosphatases around their active sites of phosphorylation. AB - Three membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatases were investigated for homology in the sequence of four amino acids about the active site of phosphorylation. The ATPases were as follows: sodium-potassium-dependent ATPase from dog kidney, Na,K ATPase; hydrogen-potassium-dependent ATPase from hog gastric mucosa, H,K-ATPase, an ATPase similar to Na,K-ATPase; and an ATPase activity in the plasma membrane of corn, Zea mays, roots (CR-ATPase), a higher plant ATPase. A membrane preparation containing an ATPase of Acholeplasma laidlawii, a prokaryote, (AL) was also investigated. For most of the experiments, the preparations were phosphorylated from [gamma-32P]ATP, denatured in acid, and subjected to proteolytic digestion. Radioactive phosphopeptides were separated by high voltage paper electrophoresis and characterized by sensitivity to chemical reagents. In gastric H,K-ATPase, the aspartate residue at the active site was determined directly by labeling with [3H]borohydride. A common sequence around the active site was found for Na,K-ATPase, H,K-ATPase, and CR-ATPase. This sequence, -Cys (Ser/Thr)-Asp(P)-Lys-, is similar to that in the calcium ion-transport ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. The AL membrane preparation showed an acylphosphate that turned over rapidly after a chase of labeled membranes with unlabeled ATP. The corresponding sequence was different from that of the three ATPases. An acylphosphate was on two polypeptides with molecular weights of about 80,000 and 60,000; these appear not to correspond to subunits of a Na+-stimulated ATPase in this organism (Lewis, R. N. A. H., and McElhaney, R. N. (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 735, 113-122). PMID- 3156137 TI - Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are concentrated on the sinusoidal plasmalemmal domain and in intracellular organelles of hepatocytes. AB - The distribution of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) was determined in rat liver by immunocytochemistry. A polyclonal antibody was raised against HSPGs purified from rat liver microsomes which specifically immunoprecipitated liver membrane HSPGs. It was shown to recognize both the heparin-releasable and membrane-intercalated form of membrane HSPGs and to recognize determinants on the core protein of these HSPGs. By immunocytochemistry membrane HSPGs were localized to hepatocytes. The distribution of HSPGs at the cell surface of the hepatocyte was restricted to the sinusoidal domain of the plasmalemma; there was little or no staining of the lateral or bile canalicular domains. Intracellularly, HSPGs were occasionally detected in cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and were regularly found in Golgi cisternae--usually distributed across the entire Golgi stack. HSPGs were also localized in some endosomes, lysosomes, and cytoplasmic vesicles of hepatocytes. We conclude that the HSPGs recognized by this antibody have a restricted distribution in rat liver: they are largely confined to the sinusoidal plasmalemmal domain and to biosynthetic and endocytic compartments of hepatocytes. PMID- 3156138 TI - Clonal heterogeneity in colony stimulating factor production by murine T lymphocytes. AB - A panel of 55 alloreactive murine T-lymphocyte clones was screened for the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), multilineage CSF (multi-CSF), human-active eosinophil CSF (human-active EO-CSF), and interleukin 2 (IL-2) in response to stimulation with the lectin concanavalin A. Many clones were also characterized for cytolytic specificity and expression of the T-cell antigen receptor-associated surface markers Lyt-2 and L3T4, which reflect their specificity for Class I (H-2K, H-2D) or Class II (H-2l, Mls) histocompatibility antigens, respectively. Eighty percent of the clones secreted detectable quantities of at least one of the four factors measured. Of the factor producing clones, all appeared to secrete GM-CSF and half also secreted multi CSF. A subpopulation of multi-CSF producers also released human-active EO-CSF. More than half of the factor-producing clones secreted detectable IL-2; whereas the IL-2-producing clones included some that did not secrete multi-CSF, IL-2 production was always associated with concomitant synthesis of GM-CSF. Comparison of the range and quantities of factors secreted by Lyt-2+ and L3T4+ clones indicated that more L3T4+ clones produced measurable titers of the four factors; on average, this group also secreted 10- to 100-fold higher titers of both the hemopoietic regulators and IL-2 than Lyt-2+ clones. Cells of the L3T4+ phenotype would therefore be expected to account for the majority of CSF and IL-2 secretion by polyclonal populations of activated T lymphocytes. PMID- 3156139 TI - Chronic disability of infants and children: a foundation's experience. PMID- 3156140 TI - Factors associated with unemployment of patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - As part of a larger study of psychosocial aspects of chronic disease, the employment status of 79 male and 233 female multiple sclerosis patients was evaluated by interview to identify: (1) the relationship between degree of disability and employment status and (2) other determinants of employment status. Seventy-seven per cent of the patients were unemployed. Disability level, age, sex, and level of education accounted for 14% of the differences in employment status, with less disabled, older, more educated males being the most likely to be employed. Employment status was unrelated to marital status or type of occupation. Case histories are presented to illustrate psychosocial and environmental factors which might further account for the differences in employment status. PMID- 3156141 TI - Effect of human beta-endorphin on plasma aldosterone concentrations in normal human subjects. AB - beta-Endorphin recently was proposed as a possible physiological stimulus of aldosterone secretion based on studies in animals. Since human beta-endorphin (beta h-endorphin) does not contain the ACTH-(4-10) homology common to other ACTH related neuropeptides that stimulate aldosterone, its mechanism of stimulation might differ from that of the other peptides. In the present study, we infused beta h-endorphin into six normal subjects under carefully controlled conditions at dosage levels several orders of magnitude higher than endogenous levels. No increase in plasma aldosterone was found in these subjects ingesting a normal sodium intake despite the fact that other biological actions of beta h-endorphin were manifest. By contrast, an equimolar infusion of ACTH-(1-24) caused a significant increase in plasma aldosterone. These studies do not support a significant role for beta h-endorphin in control of aldosterone secretion in man and are consistent with the concept that the ACTH-(4-10) amino acid sequence, common to ACTH, beta-lipotropin, gamma-lipotropin, beta MSH, and alpha MSH, is a major determinant of their aldosterone-stimulating capacity. PMID- 3156142 TI - beta-Endorphin stimulates plasma renin and aldosterone release in normal human subjects. AB - To determine the effect of beta-endorphin on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, human synthetic beta-endorphin (0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 micrograms/kg X min) was infused iv in normal subjects. Each dose was administered for 30 min, and a control infusion of 5% dextrose and water was given on another day. Ten subjects were studied recumbent and in balance while ingesting a 10-meq Na+ diet. Plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (PA), and plasma cortisol (F) were measured basally and every 30 min for 210 min. The increments in PRA and PA above basal significantly (P less than 0.05) increased (3.1 +/- 1.2 ng/ml X h and 12.2 +/- 5.3 ng/dl, respectively; P less than 0.05) at the end of the beta-endorphin infusion. beta-Endorphin also significantly (P less than 0.01) suppressed F levels. Since in the low salt study, beta-endorphin suppressed F release while stimulating renin secretion, an additional five subjects were pretreated with dexamethasone (0.5 mg every 6 h) and were studied in balance while ingesting a 200-meq Na+ diet to suppress the renin-angiotensin system. Significant (P less than 0.025) increments in PRA (2.1 +/- 0.7 ng/ml X h) and PA (4.1 +/- 1.7 ng/dl) levels above basal were again found during the sequential dose infusion of beta endorphin (0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 micrograms/kg X min). However, PA elevations were sustained for at least 120 min after the beta-endorphin infusion was stopped despite a drop in PRA 90 min earlier. In additional studies, an attempt was made to define the minimal effective dose of beta-endorphin by 60-min infusions (0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 micrograms/kg X min) in subjects on a 200-meq Na+ diet who were dexamethasone pretreated. The PRA and PA levels rose significantly (P less than 0.05) above basal at the 0.3 micrograms/kg X min dose, but not at the 0.03 or 0.1 micrograms/kg X min dosage levels. There were no changes in blood pressure or potassium during either the 10 or 200-meq Na+ studies. Thus, beta-endorphin stimulates aldosterone release in vivo. However, the underlying mechanisms are complex, since renin levels also increased. The data suggest that the early aldosterone rise may be secondary to an increase in renin release, but renin cannot account for the sustained postinfusion elevations of aldosterone. PMID- 3156143 TI - Reduced adrenal androgens in patients with myotonic dystrophy. AB - Endocrine disturbances associated with myotonic dystrophy (MD) include testicular atrophy, hyperinsulinemic glucose intolerance, thyroid abnormalities, and low or low normal urinary 17-ketosteroid (17-KS) excretion. Since the major circulating precursors of urinary 17-KS are dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), a decrease in adrenal androgen production has been suggested. This possibility was studied in 19 MD patients and 19 age- and sex matched normal subjects. Each patient had a 24-h urine collection for 17-KS and cortisol determinations, a 4-h iv infusion of 25 micrograms tetracosactrin with serial measurements of serum DHAS, DHA, and cortisol, and an insulin-induced hypoglycemia test. Sixteen patients had 0800 and 2400 h serum collections for cortisol estimations. Serum DHAS [1.0 +/- 0.5 (+/- SD) vs. 3.9 +/- 1.9 mumol/liter; P less than 0.0005] and DHA (5.9 +/- 2.7 vs. 11.0 +/- 7.1 nmol/liter; P less than 0.005) levels were significantly lower in MD patients than in normal subjects; cortisol levels were higher (540 +/- 222 vs. 394 +/- 128 nmol/liter; P less than 0.01), almost certainly a reflection of stress. A normal diurnal cortisol rhythm was found in all 16 subjects. Cortisol responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were normal, increasing from 345 +/- 243 nmol/liter to a maximum of 831 +/- 282 nmol/liter. Urinary 17-KS excretion was low or low normal, while urinary cortisol levels were normal in 18 and mildly elevated in 1 patient. There was a significant correlation between 17-KS and DHAS levels (r = 0.46; P less than 0.05). DHAS, DHA, and cortisol responses to tetracosactrin infusion were similar in patients and normal subjects. It is concluded that 1) in MD patients, serum DHAS and DHA concentrations are significantly lower than those in normal subjects, explaining the frequent reports of low or low normal 17-KS excretion; 2) the reduced DHAS and DHA concentrations are most likely due to decreased production rather than increased clearance; and 3) glucocorticoid production is normal. PMID- 3156144 TI - The relation between calcium absorption, serum dehydroepiandrosterone, and vertebral mineral density in postmenopausal women. AB - Vertebral mineral density, measured by computerized axial tomography, radiocalcium absorption, serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), and serum cortisol (C) were measured in 98 postmenopausal women aged 56-70 yr. On the basis of spine radiographs and fracture history, the women were classified into 49 normal subjects (mean age, 60.5 yr) and 49 with osteoporosis (mean age, 63.1 yr). Vertebral mineral density (VMD), radiocalcium absorption (alpha), serum DHA, and the ratio of DHA to cortisol (DHA/C) were all significantly lower in the osteoporotic than in the normal subjects. DHA was significantly related to C in both groups but the regression was significantly flatter in the osteoporotic than in the normal subjects. Calcium absorption did not fall significantly with age in either group. In the normal group VMD, DHA, and DHA/C fell with age but VMD was not related to alpha, DHA, or DHA/C. In the osteoporotic group, VMD did not fall significantly with age but was significantly related to alpha and DHA/C. Stepwise regression analysis showed that in the normal subjects, age was the only variable significantly related to VMD (P less than 0.05). In the osteoporotic group, calcium absorption was the main determinant of VMD, with age and DHA/C contributing much less to the variance. Discriminant function analysis showed a theoretical misclassification of 45% of cases using DHA, 39% using DHA/C, 32% using alpha, and 18% when alpha and DHA or DHA/C were both taken into account. It is concluded that malabsorption of calcium is a significant risk factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis, probably because of a secondary increase in bone resorption to maintain serum calcium. The severity of the osteoporosis is directly related to the severity of the calcium malabsorption. Low serum DHA appears to represent a further risk factor, either because of its role as estrogen precursor or (possibly) because it promotes bone formation. However, the severity of the osteoporosis was not related to the serum DHA level and only weakly to the DHA/C ratio. PMID- 3156145 TI - Human semen inhibits T rosette formation through an opiate mediated mechanism. AB - Seminal plasma contains high levels of opioid peptides and both seminal plasma and endogenous opioids can influence the immune system. In order to investigate whether these two findings can be related, semen was collected from 7 normal subjects, and assayed for beta-endorphin content and for its in vitro ability to inhibit the total T rosette formation of human lymphocytes in the presence or in the absence of 10(-6) M naloxone, an universal opiate antagonist. The results were as follows: 1) immunoreactive beta-endorphin content in seminal plasma was 4 to 12 times higher than the peripheral plasma levels detected in the same subjects (76.1 +/- 42.1 SD vs 10.5 +/- 2.0 SD pg/ml); 2) increasing concentrations of seminal plasma (1%, 5%, and 10%) in RPMI 1640 significantly depressed the T rosette formation ability of lymphocytes; and 3) the simultaneous addition to the incubation mixture of 10(-6) M naloxone prevented the phenomenon, while naloxone per se was ineffective. The possibility that endogenous opioids may play a role in the immunomodulatory action of human semen is suggested. PMID- 3156146 TI - Functionally thrombasthenic state in normal platelets following the administration of ticlopidine. AB - To elucidate the bleeding tendency that follows the administration of ticlopidine, we investigated the skin bleeding time and some ex vivo functions of platelets obtained from eight healthy volunteers before and 1 wk after daily administration of 500 mg of ticlopidine. We found the following: ticlopidine significantly (P less than 0.001) prolonged the skin bleeding time and impaired the binding of radiolabeled fibrinogen and von Willebrand Factor, the clot retraction and the aggregation of platelets in response to ADP, epinephrine, thrombin, ionophore A23187, collagen, or arachidonic acid. In contrast, the administration of this drug did not affect intraplatelet levels of cAMP, agglutination and binding of von Willebrand Factor in response to ristocetin, shape change in response to ADP, collagen, thrombin, or arachidonic acid, or binding of prostaglandin E1 to resting platelets. Secretion of ATP in response to ADP or epinephrine was completely inhibited, whereas secretion as well as thromboxane synthesis in response to high concentrations of collagen, arachidonic acid, calcium ionophore A23187, or thrombin was unaffected. Studies with monoclonal antibodies showed that the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex (the putative receptor for fibrinogen and von Willebrand Factor on the surface of platelets exposed to naturally occurring aggregating agents) was quantitatively unaffected by ticlopidine. This observation was further confirmed by densitometric scannings of Periodic Acid-Schiff-stained gels of platelet suspensions. The onset, as well as the cessation of the inhibitory effect of ticlopidine on platelets was very slow, and reached a maximum after a 3-5-d administration. In addition, ticlopidine appeared to be a much more potent inhibitor when administered to subjects than when added in vitro to platelets. Finally, abnormalities comparable to those found in volunteers taking ticlopidine were observed when platelets from untreated subjects were incubated in the plasma of ticlopidine-treated subjects. We conclude that ticlopidine induces a thrombasthenic state in normal platelets without affecting the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex quantitatively. Furthermore, our data suggest that one or more active metabolites rather than the native drug mediate the abnormalities of platelet function observed in ticlopidine-treated subjects. PMID- 3156147 TI - Increased prostaglandin production by glomeruli isolated from rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. AB - Abnormalities in glomerular function have been observed frequently in the early stages of both clinical and experimental diabetes mellitus. Because prostaglandins (PGs) are present in the glomerulus and have profound effects on glomerular hemodynamics, and because abnormalities of PG metabolism have been noted in other tissues from diabetics, we studied PG biosynthesis in glomeruli obtained from rats in the early stages of experimental diabetes mellitus. Streptozotocin, 60 mg/kg, was administered intravenously to male Sprague-Dawley rats. Control rats received an equal volume of the vehicle. Glomeruli were isolated 9-23 d later. Production of eicosanoids was determined by two methods: by direct radioimmunoassay after incubation of glomeruli under basal conditions and in the presence of arachidonic acid (C20:4), 30 microM, and by radiometric high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after incubation of glomeruli with [14C]C20:4. When assessed by radioimmunoassay, mean basal production of both prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was twofold greater in the diabetic animals whereas production of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) was not significantly greater than control. In response to C20:4, both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were also greater in the diabetic animals, but these differences were not statistically significant. The increased rate of basal PG production did not appear to be related directly to the severity of the diabetic state as reflected by the degree of hyperglycemia at the time of sacrifice. In fact, the rates of glomerular PG production in the individual diabetic animals correlated inversely with the plasma glucose concentration. The increased rate of PG synthesis did not appear to be due to a nonspecific effect of streptozotocin inasmuch as glomerular PG production was not increased significantly in streptozotocin-treated rats which were made euglycemic by insulin therapy. Furthermore, addition of streptozotocin, 1-10 mM, to the incubation media had no effect on PGE2 production by normal glomeruli. PGE2 production by normal glomeruli was also not influenced by varying the glucose concentration in the incubation media over a range of 1-40 mM. When metabolism of [14C]C20:4 was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography conversion to labeled PGE2, PGF2 alpha, TXB2, and hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid by diabetic glomeruli was two- to threefold greater compared with that in control glomeruli, whereas no significant difference in conversion to 12- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid occurred. These findings indicate that glomerular cyclooxygenase but not lipoxygenase activity was increased in the diabetic animals. A concomitant increase in glomerular phospholipase activity may also have been present to account for the more pronounced differences in PG production noted in the absence of exogenous unlabeled C20:4. These abnormalities in PG biosynthesis by diabetic glomeruli may contribute to the altered glomerular hemodynamics in this pathophysiologic setting. PMID- 3156149 TI - Plasmin inhibition of platelet function and of arachidonic acid metabolism. AB - To study interactions between platelets and the fibrinolytic system, we examined the effects of human plasmin on human platelets washed by gel filtration. Plasmin concentrations that did not affect platelet shape change, release, or aggregation (less than 1.0 caseinolytic units [CU]/ml) caused a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation in response to thrombin, ionophore A23187, and collagen. Complete loss of aggregation occurred at 0.1-0.5 CU/ml of plasmin. In a parallel dose-dependent manner, plasmin likewise inhibited thrombin, ionophore, and collagen-stimulated thromboxane B2 production. In contrast, neither aggregation nor thromboxane B2 formation induced by arachidonate was inhibited by plasmin pretreatment of the platelets. Plasmin blocked the thrombin-induced release of [3H]arachidonic acid from platelet membrane phospholipids and the thrombin-induced platelet oxygen burst. However, plasmin did not inhibit the arachidonate-induced oxygen burst. Inhibition of arachidonic acid release by plasmin was not mediated by increase in platelet cyclic AMP. These results suggest that plasmin inhibits platelet function, at least in part, by blocking the mobilization of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipid pools. The effects of plasmin on platelets may contribute to the hemostatic abnormalities seen in pathologic and pharmacologic fibrinolysis. PMID- 3156148 TI - A nonantigenic covalent streptokinase-polyethylene glycol complex with plasminogen activator function. AB - A series of new, covalent polyethylene glycol (PEG)-streptokinase adducts were synthesized and characterized. PEGs with average molecular weights of 2,000, 4,000, and 5,000 were activated with carbonyldiimidazole and coupled to the protein under standardized reaction conditions. Steady-state kinetic analysis demonstrated comparable Km values for the activation of plasminogen by streptokinase, PEG-2-streptokinase, and PEG-4-streptokinase. The kcat values were somewhat decreased when PEG-2 or PEG-4 was coupled to the streptokinase. Activation by the PEG-5 adduct did not follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics under the conditions employed in this study. Plasmin activity obtained by incubating streptokinase derivatives with plasminogen also was studied as a function of time with each of the PEG-streptokinase derivatives. By this assay, incubations containing PEG-5-streptokinase and unmodified streptokinase demonstrated comparable activity while reaction mixtures containing PEG-2-streptokinase and PEG-4-streptokinase were slightly more active. Streptokinase incubated with plasminogen at a 1:1 molar ratio was extensively degraded after 30 min whereas PEG-2-streptokinase was resistant to plasmin cleavage. The derivatized proteins were radioiodinated and incubated in plastic microtiter plates that were coated with an immunoglobulin fraction containing antibodies to streptokinase. Binding of the PEG-streptokinase adducts was decreased by greater than 95% compared with unmodified streptokinase. Plasminogen activator complexes were formed by reacting the streptokinases with human plasminogen in vitro and the clearance studied in mice. Radioiodinated plasmin in complex with the PEG-streptokinase adducts cleared at a slower rate than did plasmin complexed with unmodified streptokinase. Catabolism of the protease still occurred by a mechanism that involved reaction with alpha 2-macroglobulin as has been described for nonderivatized streptokinase-plasminogen complex (Gonias, S. L., M. Einarsson, and S. V. Pizzo, 1982, J. Clin. Invest., 70:412-423). When more extensive derivatization procedures were utilized, PEG-2-streptokinase preparations were obtained that further prolonged the clearance of complexed 125I-plasmin; however, these adducts did not uniformly retain comparable activity. It is suggested that PEG-streptokinase complexes with greatly reduced antigenicity may be useful in the treatment of thrombotic disorders. PMID- 3156150 TI - Immunoregulatory T cells in man. Histamine-induced suppressor T cells are derived from a Leu 2+ (T8+) subpopulation distinct from that which gives rise to cytotoxic T cells. AB - One mechanism of histamine-mediated inhibition of the immune response in man is to activate T suppressor cells that bear the Leu 2 (OKT8) marker. The current study was undertaken to characterize the histamine-induced suppressor cell using a monoclonal antibody (9.3) shown previously to distinguish cytotoxic T cells from antigen-specific suppressor T cells. Leu 2+ cells isolated from peripheral blood were further separated with antibody 9.3 into Leu 2+, 9.3+, and Leu 2+, 9.3 subsets and each subset was incubated with different concentrations of histamine before determining their ability to suppress immune responses in vitro. The results indicate that the Leu 2+, 9.3- subpopulation includes all histamine induced suppressor cells, that 10(-4) M histamine is the optimal concentration for suppressor cell induction, and that exposure of Leu 2+, 9.3- cells to histamine for 30 s is sufficient to initiate the induction process. After treatment with histamine these cells inhibit both phytohemagglutinin-induced T cell proliferation and pokeweed mitogen-induced B cell differentiation. The suppression of phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation was resistant to x irradiation with 1,200 rad, either before or after histamine exposure, suggesting that Leu 2+, 9.3- cells need not proliferate to become suppressor cells or exert suppression. Moreover, suppression by these cells was not due to altered kinetics of the response. Finally, a histamine type 2 receptor antagonist (cimetidine) but not a type 1 receptor antagonist (mepyramine) blocked the induction of suppressor cells. On the basis of these results and our previous studies of antigen specific suppressor cells, we conclude that Leu 2+ suppressor cells in man are derived from a precursor pool that is phenotypically distinct from cells that can differentiate into cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 3156151 TI - Human neutrophil elastase modulates platelet function by limited proteolysis of membrane glycoproteins. AB - During blood coagulation human polymorphonuclear leukocytes release elastase in amounts that can exceed 100 nmol/liter. We therefore studied the effect of elastase on platelet structure and function. Physiologic concentrations of elastase specifically inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and ristocetin-induced agglutination of washed platelets in a time- and dose dependent manner. This was associated with a decrease in the number of high affinity thrombin binding sites on the platelet surface (analysis by "Ligand" program) from 31 per platelet to 12 per platelet (P less than 0.05). As analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, treatment of 3H labeled platelets with elastase resulted in a decrease in the percent glycoprotein at 130,000-150,000 Mr = and an increase in the percent protein at Mr = 102,000. The supernatant from elastase-treated platelets contained a Mr = 88,000 glycoprotein not found in the supernatant from untreated platelets. Immunoprecipitation studies with monoclonal antiglycoprotein Ib demonstrated that treatment of whole platelets with physiologic concentrations of elastase resulted in proteolytic cleavage of glycoprotein Ib. Elastase treatment of glycoprotein immunoisolated with monoclonal antiglycoprotein Ib antibody resulted in formation of a glycopeptide with the same electrophoretic mobility as the Mr = 102,000 membrane-related glycopeptide. In contrast, analysis by Western blot technique using antiglycoprotein IIb and IIIa antibodies demonstrated that elastase did not degrade glycoproteins IIb or IIIa. We conclude that elastase inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet stimulation is accompanied by (a) a reduction in the number of thrombin binding sites per platelet and (b) proteolysis of glycoprotein Ib. PMID- 3156155 TI - Campaign of concern. A dental health program for developmentally disabled individuals. Report of activities July 1, 1984-September 30, 1984. Colorado Foundation of Dentistry for the Handicapped. PMID- 3156153 TI - Renal mechanism of action of rat atrial natriuretic factor. AB - There has been conflict as to whether crude extracts of atrial natriuretic factor increase renal solute excretion by a hemodynamic mechanism or by direct inhibition of tubular transport. To investigate this issue, seven rats were studied during a euvolemic control period and following continuous administration of pure, synthetic 24 amino acid atrial natriuretic factor. A 10-25-fold increase in urinary sodium and chloride excretion occurred with a brisk kaliuresis but little bicarbonaturia. Atrial natriuretic factor caused whole kidney glomerular filtration rate to increase from 1.17 +/- 0.04 to 1.52 +/- 0.07 ml/min (P less than 0.005). A parallel increase in single nephron glomerular filtration rate, from 34 +/- 1 to 44 +/- 2 nl/min (P less than 0.001), and from 26 +/- 1 to 37 +/- 2 nl/min (P less than 0.005) was measured at the end-proximal and early distal nephron sites, respectively. Appropriate for the higher flows were an increase in absolute proximal and loop reabsorptive rates for bicarbonate, chloride, and water, with a slight decrease in fractional solute and volume reabsorption in proximal and loop segments. To exclude the possibility that atrial natriuretic factor increased filtration rate only in anesthetized animals, eight unanesthetized rats were studied. Glomerular filtration rate increased by 45%, from 2.04 +/- 0.17 to 2.97 +/- 0.27 ml/min (P less than 0.005) without significant change in renal plasma flow, as reflected by 14C-para-aminohippurate clearance (5.4 +/- 0.5-5.6 +/- 0.9 ml/min). The clearance and micropuncture data did not preclude changes in relative blood flow distribution to or in transport by deep nephron segments. In conclusion, atrial natriuretic factor appears to increase renal solute excretion predominantly by a hemodynamic mechanism without directly inhibiting superficial tubular transport. PMID- 3156152 TI - Correction of interleukin-2 production in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus by removal of spontaneously activated suppressor cells. AB - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in vitro is depressed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. It is not known whether this abnormality is caused by a defect in the producer lymphocytes or by excessive suppression. We report that removal of OKT8 (Leu 2a)+ cells increased the IL-2 production by in vitro stimulated lymphocytes to normal or above normal levels in 19 of 21 SLE patients. This increase was more apparent in those patients with clinically inactive disease and/or receiving less than 7.5 mg of prednisone. Removal of OKT8+ cells from normals did not significantly increase IL-2 activity. SLE, but not normal, OKT8+ cells decreased IL-2 production when added back to autologous OKT8-depleted cells. In some experiments, OKT8+ cells from normal donors also suppressed IL-2 production in SLE. This result suggests that the defect in IL-2 production is complex and may involve multiple cell interactions. Three lines of evidence suggest that the SLE OKT8+ cells actively inhibit the production of IL-2 rather than passively absorb this lymphokine: (a) only 3.2% of SLE lymphocytes expressed IL-2 receptors as detected with anti-Tac; (b) freshly prepared SLE lymphocytes did not absorb IL-2; and (c) cell-free supernatants from SLE OKT8+ cells inhibited IL-2 production, but not IL-2 activity. Double-labeling studies by flow cytometry revealed that 19.3% of SLE OKT8+ cells were also Ia-positive, and approximately 33% co-expressed the natural killer cell marker, HNK-1 (Leu 7). Removal of Leu 7+ cells also significantly elevated IL-2 production in SLE. These studies suggest that one or more circulating mononuclear cell subsets in SLE patients can suppress IL-2 production and that one subset may possibly belong to a non-T, non-B "third mononuclear population." PMID- 3156154 TI - The behavioral development of physically handicapped children in the second year. AB - Studies of school-aged children with physical handicaps often report cognitive linguistic deficits, passivity, and inhibition. This study has attempted to determine whether this pattern is anticipated in earlier developmental periods, by examining the functioning of toddlers with physical anomalies (but without CNS damage) compared to premature toddlers (who share some aspects of deviant early experience) and to normal toddlers. Fourteen infants in each group were videotaped, longitudinally, at 9, 12, 18, and 24 months, in interaction with their mothers and in various semistructured situations. Developmental level was assessed at 12 months (Bayley scales) and at 24 months (Stanford-Binet IQ). Both groups of at risk toddlers performed more poorly in measures of focused play, language production, social initiative, affective expression, and 2-year IQ. Handicapped toddlers were more distractible, less compliant, and less willing to separate from their mothers, than were prematures. Patterns previously described for older handicapped children can therefore be recognized as early as the second year of life. PMID- 3156156 TI - Histological study of motor innervation of nuclear bag1 intrafusal muscle fibers in the cat. AB - The nerve supply to spindles of the cat tenuissimus muscle was reconstructed with light and electron microscopy of serial transverse sections. Fifty-two poles of the nuclear bag1 intrafusal muscle fiber were examined for motor innervation. The fiber poles were supplied by 71 myelinated motor axons that either terminated on bag1 fibers exclusively (93%) or coinnervated a chain fiber of the same intrafusal bundle (7%). No axons coinnervated both the bag1 and bag2 fibers. The unmyelinated preterminal segments of the axons were frequently short. Lengths and pre- and postsynaptic features of motor endings on bag1 fibers were variable. These features did not permit reliable classification of the endings into more than one morphological category. Moreover, the terminals of fusimotor (gamma) and skeletofusimotor (beta) axons on bag1 fibers appeared similar in cross-section. The degree of indentation of axon terminals into the surface of bag1 fibers increased with increasing distance from the spindle equator. However, cross sectional areas of sole plates and axon terminals were relatively constant regardless of distance from the equator. The subjunctional membranes of both gamma and beta bag1 endings were typically smooth in contour. Bag1 endings differed from those on bag2 and typical chain fibers in having a thicker sole plate, frequently indented axon terminals, and unfolded subjunctional membranes. None of the bag1 endings resembled an extrafusal end plate. These observations indicated that (1) the dynamic (bag1) and static (bag2 and chain) intrafusal systems of the cat spindle are under separate motor control, and (2) the type of intrafusal fiber and the distance of the motor ending from the equator have a greater influence on the form and structure of bag1 endings than do supplying axons. PMID- 3156157 TI - Hirsutism: evaluation and treatment. AB - Hirsutism, a troublesome cosmetic problem, may also be a sign of serious systemic disease that can be screened for by means of the patient's history, physical examination, and certain basic blood tests. Most patients with functional hirsutism have elevated production rates of testosterone, elevated metabolic clearance rates of testosterone, depressed levels of sex hormone-binding globulin, and elevated levels of serum-free testosterone and hair follicle sensitivity. Once a neoplastic source is ruled out and hirsutism established as functional, essentially empiric treatment, including low-dose dexamethasone, oral contraceptives, and spironolactone, has proved to be effective. PMID- 3156160 TI - Quinidine-induced photosensitive livedo reticularis-like eruption. AB - A 39-year-old white man who was taking quinidine developed a purpuric eruption in a photodistributed livedo reticularis-like pattern. This is the fourth reported case of a similar eruption in patients taking quinidine. Possible pathophysiologic mechanisms for nonthrombocytopenic drug-induced purpuras are discussed. PMID- 3156158 TI - Morphology of the cellular infiltrate in delayed pressure urticaria. AB - In seven patients with delayed pressure urticaria, the dermal inflammatory infiltrate was analyzed in early (4-6 hours) and late (20-24 hours) wheals by light and electron microscopy and by histomorphometric and immunohistologic methods. Results were compared with findings in normal skin of patients and in wheals induced with concanavalin A and compound 48/80 injections in patients and five healthy volunteers. Pressure wheals were characterized by a mild mononuclear perivascular infiltrate and by patchy dermal infiltrates of eosinophils. Neutrophils were almost completely absent. The number of dermal mast cells was markedly increased in early wheals, whereas their number was decreased in late wheals. Numerous mast cells were degranulated in late wheals, as shown by electron microscopy. On immunohistologic analysis, the perivascular infiltrate consisted primarily of lymphocytes with the helper phenotype. Epidermal OKT6 Ia positive Langerhans cells were of normal number. The local increase of mast cells, eosinophils, and helper T lymphocytes suggests that pressure wheals result from a cellular immune response to as-yet-unknown antigens that are generated at pressure sites. PMID- 3156161 TI - Terminal illness. PMID- 3156159 TI - Treatment of gram-negative folliculitis with isotretinoin: positive clinical and microbiologic response. AB - Thirty-two patients with gram-negative folliculitis were treated with 0.47 to 1.0 mg/kg/day of isotretinoin. Serial microbiologic evaluations demonstrated rapid clearing of the face and nasal mucosa of gram-negative rods. The clinical response was rapid, complete, and induced prolonged remissions. Twenty-six of thirty-two patients developed Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage by the end of the 20-week treatment course. Isotretinoin has decided advantages over previously reported therapies for gram-negative folliculitis. PMID- 3156162 TI - Dentin-polymer bond in resin fillings tested in vitro by thermo- and load cycling. AB - The effect of stress applied by thermo- and load-cycling to the bond between composite- and bonding-agent-treated dentin was tested. Cylindrical cavities in extracted human teeth, approximately one-half of the margins in dentin, were etched and treated with two bonding agents - Gluma and Clearfil Bond - before being filled with Silux composite. Forty specimens, some provided with cavity floor lining, were cycled several hundred times between 15 degrees and 50 degrees C, either immediately after light-curing or upon 24 hr of water storage. In all cases, microscopic inspection revealed unchanged adaptation at the dentin margins. Teeth with Class 3 and Class 5 cavities, ten of each and with the gingival margins entirely in dentin, were pre-treated and filled as above. The teeth were covered with a dye during loading and unloading in a manner simulating biting and chewing. Inspection of the cavity margins revealed absence of percolation at the dentin margins. It is concluded that effective bonding agents are necessary to prevent contraction gaps in resin-filled cavities where the margins are partly or entirely located in dentin. PMID- 3156164 TI - pH change in artificial dental plaque formed by glucosyltransferase and some oral bacteria during batch and continuous culture. AB - Streptococcus mutans alone or cell-free glucosyltransferase (G-Tase)-together with either Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus salivarius, Actinomyces viscosus, or Lactobacillus casei cells-formed artificial dental plaque that firmly adhered to glass electrodes in a continuous culture system containing sucrose. The pH in these artificial plaque samples decreased more than did that of the surrounding medium. In the absence of GTase, the bacteria other than S. mutans did not form firmly-adhering plaque on glass electrodes. The pH of the plaque formed with GTase alone did not show the pH decrease seen when the plaque contained bacteria, but, because it catalyzed the synthesis of glucan, it is suggested that the glucan acts as a diffusion barrier to retard acid loss from plaque containing acid-producing bacteria. PMID- 3156163 TI - Time-dependent deformation of composite restorative materials in compression. AB - The strain of six composite resins, including microfine and conventional types, has been measured in compression as a function of time. Compressive loads have been used in separate experiments to produce a wide range of applied stress in samples of clinically-appropriate size. The magnitude of visco-elastic response generally decreases with increasing % of filler in the composite. Additionally, the very substantial linear strain, up to 20%, observed in some microfine composites suggests the visco-elastic deformation of both organic filler, as well as resin matrix, at high stress levels. Caution is therefore indicated with regard to the clinical use of microfine restorative materials in high-stress bearing situations. PMID- 3156165 TI - A new method for sealing composite resin contraction gaps in lined cavities. AB - Composite resin restorations are often applied in cavities where cervical margins are left unetched, resulting in poorer adaptation in this area. Recent experiments have indicated the possibility of impregnating with resin the gap caused by polymerization contraction. Cavities were prepared in vitro and in vivo. A thin liner was applied inside and outside the cavity. Except for the cervical wall, enamel margins were bevelled and acid-etched, and the cavities restored with Concise Enamel Bond and Composite. In another series, cavities with unetched enamel were restored. Since the liner was placed outside the cavity margins, excess material could be removed without blockage of the air-filled gap. Enamel Bond with a fluorescent additive was applied to various margins. Ground sections were prepared, and the penetration of this resin into the gap was examined with a microscope. In most teeth, the resin penetrated from 0.5 to 2 mm from the cervical margins. Similar penetration was seen from unetched margins, except for the occlusal one. No penetration was seen at acid-etched margins. By impregnating gaps with low-viscous resin after the filling has cured, one can obtain an improved seal at unetched margins. PMID- 3156166 TI - Comparison of dental students' academic performance using honors/pass/fail and letter grades. AB - Performance in a second-year course in pedodontics/orthodontics for three classes of students at the State University of New York at Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine who received grades under an honors/pass/fail system was compared to that of three academically comparable classes that received letter grades. The average scores from the pedodontic/orthodontic section of the Part II National Board examination also were compared. The dental students taught under the letter grade system achieved a small but statistically significant higher grade point average in the dental course than the students taught under the honors/pass/fail system. The difference between the National Board scores was not statistically significant. It was concluded that while the letter grade system provided incentive for the students to perform at a higher level than those under the honors/pass/fail system, it did not influence their performance on the National Board examination. PMID- 3156167 TI - Tactile aids for profoundly deaf children. AB - This paper treats acoustic-tactile communication aids for the deaf. Children who obtain negligible help from conventional hearing aids are of particular interest. For the prelingually deaf child tactile aids may facilitate the acquisition of lipreading, and improve vocal production. Although attempts to use tactile aids for the deaf go back many years, only recently have developments in technology led to greatly improved processing possibilities and the feasibility of aids that can be worn. Here, we report case studies in which prelingually, profoundly deaf young children used wearable tactile aids. PMID- 3156169 TI - A children's oral health status index based on dentists' judgment. AB - The children's oral health status index was developed as an integrated measure for the direct appraisal of pediatric patient populations in private practices, dental clinics, or school programs. The index is derived from a paired preference experiment with five pedodontists and five general dentists acting as judges of oral health in 200 case comparisons. Four easily measured variables are united numerically by the index: decayed teeth, occlusion, tooth position, and missing teeth (which have not been exfoliated). Clinical applications of the index in three geographic areas have all had good results. PMID- 3156168 TI - Safeguarding the physical well-being of dentists. PMID- 3156170 TI - Prevention of bacterial endocarditis: a committee report of the American Heart Association. Council on Dental Therapeutics. PMID- 3156171 TI - Changes in collateral channel filling immediately after controlled coronary artery occlusion by an angioplasty balloon in human subjects. AB - Transluminal coronary angioplasty can serve as a model for controlled coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion which enables assessment of short-term changes in collateral vessel filling in patients with severe atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. In 16 patients with isolated left anterior descending or right coronary artery disease (greater than or equal to 75% stenosis) and normal left ventricular function, collateral filling to the artery being dilated was visualized by contrast injection into the contralateral artery using a second arterial catheter. During balloon inflation, contralateral dye injection was performed as soon as the patient developed angina or ST-T changes or at 90 seconds in those patients without symptoms or signs of ischemia. Grades of collateral filling from the contralateral vessel were: 0 = none; 1 = filling of side branches of the artery to be dilated via collateral channels without visualization of the epicardial segment; 2 = partial filling of the epicardial segment via collateral channels; 3 = complete filling of the epicardial segment of the artery being dilated via collateral channels. At baseline angiography, nine patients had grade 0 collateral filling, seven had grade 1 and none had grade 2 or 3. During coronary occlusion by balloon inflation, collateral filling improved by one grade in eight patients, two grades in five patients, three grades in two patients and remained the same in one patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3156173 TI - Development of infundibular obstruction after percutaneous pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty. AB - A 14 month old boy with suprasystemic right ventricular pressure secondary to pulmonary valvular stenosis and anular size of 10 mm underwent percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty with a 12 mm balloon. Right ventricular pressure almost doubled after valvuloplasty and the electrocardiogram revealed development of severe right ventricular strain. Both findings persisted on the following day. A postvalvuloplasty right ventriculogram demonstrated a severe systolic infundibular obstruction not present before. The patient underwent surgical relief of infundibular obstruction; successful opening of the pulmonary valve by the balloon valvuloplasty was observed. It is concluded that a balloon size 20% larger than anular size can be safe in human subjects and that infundibular obstruction may appear or even worsen after balloon valvuloplasty. Such an obstruction may be related to the severity of pulmonary valvular obstruction and a hypercontractile infundibulum. PMID- 3156174 TI - Postoperative regression of left ventricular dimensions in aortic insufficiency: a long-term echocardiographic study. AB - The ability of preoperative M-mode echocardiography to predict the clinical course and the decrease in left ventricular size was assessed in 42 patients after uncomplicated valve replacement for isolated aortic insufficiency. During follow-up study, one patient died of chronic heart failure. The New York Heart Association functional class of the 41 survivors improved from 2.4 to 1.2. All patients had a preoperative M-mode echocardiogram. Serial echocardiographic measurements, available in 33 patients, showed a sustained decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension after the first postoperative year from 73 +/ 8 to 57 +/- 9 mm at 6 to 12 months and to 53 +/- 9 mm at 3 years postoperatively (p less than 0.01). Left ventricular cross-sectional area decreased from 31 +/- 8 to 26 +/- 7 cm2 and then to 23 +/- 5 cm2 at the latest follow-up study (p less than 0.01). At 3 years postoperatively, M-mode echocardiograms were available in 37 patients: 24 had a normal left ventricular dimension (group 1), while 13 still had an enlarged left ventricle (group 2). The clinical course in these two groups was similar. The best preoperative predictor of persistent left ventricular enlargement was the end-diastolic dimension (p less than 0.05), whereas fractional shortening and the end-diastolic radius/thickness ratio were not predictive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3156176 TI - Rapid ventricular filling in left ventricular hypertrophy: II. Pathologic hypertrophy. AB - To define the extent of left ventricular ejection and filling abnormalities in patients with mild hypertension, a non-imaging nuclear probe was used to generate high resolution time-activity curves in 25 patients with an average systolic blood pressure of 154 +/- 20 mm Hg and diastolic pressure of 98 +/- 8 mm Hg. The hypertensive patients did not meet electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy, and none had evidence of ischemic or other cardiac disease. Compared with 25 age-matched normal subjects who had average systolic and diastolic pressures of 123 +/- 10 and 79 +/- 8 mm Hg, respectively, the hypertensive patients had a significantly lower ejection rate (2.00 +/- 0.20 versus 2.34 +/- 0.36 end-diastolic counts/s for the control group, p less than 0.05) and ejection fraction (58 +/- 4.9 versus 62 +/- 4.4) (p less than 0.05). The hypertensive patients had a markedly lower average rapid left ventricular filling rate (1.87 +/- 0.32 versus 2.69 +/- 0.41 counts/s for the control group, p less than 0.001). Although there was a modest inverse relation between echocardiographic left ventricular mass index and filling rate in the hypertensive patients (r = -0.59, p less than 0.01), 4 of 12 hypertensive patients with normal left ventricular mass index had a depressed filling rate. All of the hypertensive patients with increased left ventricular mass index had an abnormal left ventricular filling rate (less than 1.89 end-diastolic counts/s).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3156172 TI - Diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of a pediatric case of cardiomyopathy using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - An 8 month old girl presented with undiagnosed non-anatomic congenital cardiomyopathy with massive cardiomegaly on chest X-ray film. Her older sibling had died suddenly at 6 months of age from what appeared to be a similar abnormality. Utilizing phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (P-31 NMR) surface coil spectroscopy, a metabolic disorder was demonstrated in both her myocardium and skeletal muscle, revealing a phosphocreatine (PCr) to inorganic phosphate (Pi) ratio of half of that for a normal control infant. Manipulation of serum substrate availability indicated that medium chain triglycerides alone did not improve myocardial metabolism, but that intravenous glucose or oral carbohydrate loading raised the myocardial PCr/Pi ratio from 1.0 +/- 0.05 to 1.8 +/- 0.1 (p less than 0.01) without significantly affecting the PCr/Pi value of her resting skeletal muscle. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using P 31 nuclear magnetic resonance to evaluate the biochemistry of the human myocardium in vivo and to diagnose a metabolic abnormality. Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance can thus be used to optimize therapy for human disease. PMID- 3156177 TI - Abscissic acid localization by light microscopic immunohistochemistry in Chenopodium polyspermum L. Effect of water stress. AB - An indirect immunohistochemical technique was developed using a rabbit anti abscissic acid (ABA) serum and the soluble peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) complex for the localization of endogenous ABA in the aerial parts of Chenopodium. Terminal bud, axillary bud bearing nodes, and adult leaves were prefixed by a soluble carbodiimide to obtain the coupling of ABA on cellular proteins and postfixed by a conventional mixture of aldehydes. They were then embedded in paraffin or in plastic. Numerous controls were carried out on sections and on a model system to test the validity of the technique. Based on the staining patterns observed along the plant, an apico-basal gradient of ABA was revealed. In the older buds, ABA was mainly concentrated in the quiescent meristematic cells of the apex. Phloem cells of the main axis and chloroplasts of the leaves were specifically labeled. No reaction product was visualized in the parenchyma cells or in the cambial zone. Water stress, which is known to increase ABA content, induced an increase of immunoreactivity within the same compartments. This physiological test validates the stain. PMID- 3156178 TI - H-2-restricted helper activity mediated by immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes. AB - The genetic requirements for helper activity mediated by a unique, Ig-bearing lymphocyte population were studied. This Lyt-1+, I-A+, Thy-1- population, called BH, preferentially helps expression of NPb idiotypic plaque-forming cells when added to T cell-depleted responder cultures. Furthermore, the BH population can directly bind NPb idiotypic determinants. Using H-2 congenic mice, we show that BH helper activity can be expressed only when BH cells share I-A subregion alleles with responder B cell populations. This H-2 restriction is not a result of thymic influences, because the activity of BH cells from athymic mice are also H-2 restricted. Macrophages present in the BH population do not contribute to the H-2 restriction. Results are presented that definitively rule out the possible role for T lymphocytes in BH activity and demonstrate that a single helper population expresses both Lyt-1 and I-A determinants. These results indicate that Ig-bearing cells serve a regulatory as well as an effector role in immune responses and that, like other regulatory lymphoid subsets, their activity is regulated in part by MHC-encoded determinants. PMID- 3156175 TI - Rapid ventricular filling in left ventricular hypertrophy: I. Physiologic hypertrophy. AB - The effects of endurance training on the diastolic properties of the left ventricle were examined by comparing left ventricular filling rates in 11 male distance runners and 12 age-matched nonathletic control subjects selected to have nearly similar heart rates at rest. Maximal oxygen consumption was 69 +/- 11 ml/kg-min for the athletes and 48 +/- 8 ml/kg X min for the control subjects (p less than 0.001). Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, posterior wall thickness and mass were determined by echocardiography, and average left ventricular filling rate was determined with a nonimaging scintillation probe. Electrocardiographic voltage was significantly greater in the athlete group than in the control group (sums of the voltages of the S wave in lead V1 and the R wave in lead V5 were 40 +/- 10 and 26 +/- 7 mV, respectively) (p less than 0.001), whereas ejection fraction was similar in the two groups. Despite a modest degree of left ventricular hypertrophy in the athlete group compared with the control group (left ventricular mass index 127 +/- 30 and 82 +/- 13 g/m2, respectively) (p less than 0.001), the average left ventricular filling rate was similar in the two groups (2.53 +/- 0.34 versus 2.38 +/- 0.29 end-diastolic counts/s, p = NS). There was no trend for the athletes with a higher left ventricular mass to exhibit a slower filling rate. These findings demonstrate that unlike pathologic hypertrophy associated with chronic hemodynamic over loading, physiologic left ventricular hypertrophy is not accompanied by slowed left ventricular diastolic filling. PMID- 3156180 TI - Cellular requirements for the generation of primary cell-mediated lympholysis responses to Qa-1 antigens. AB - Mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC) between NZB responder spleen cells and Qa-1 disparate stimulator spleen cells were employed to determine the cellular requirements for the generation of primary anti-Qa-1 cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) responses. Although primary anti-Qa-1 cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) were generated during H-2-homologous stimulation, anti-Qa-1 CTL were not detectable from MLC in which the stimulators were H-2 allogeneic. Anti-Qa-1 CTL also were not generated from MLC in which the stimulators were semiallogeneic. Thus, H-2 identity between responder and stimulator cells was not sufficient to permit the generation of primary anti-Qa-1 CTL when H-2 disparity was also present. The capacity for H-2 disparity to prevent anti-Qa-1 CML responses was further demonstrated in MLC containing both H-2-allogeneic and H-2-homologous stimulator cells. Therefore, in subsequent studies we employed NZB responders and H-2 homologous, Qa-1-disparate stimulators. When various subpopulations of stimulator cells were studied for their ability to induce anti-Qa-1 CTL, nylon wool-adherent cells were found to be potent stimulators, but nylon wool-nonadherent cells were not. Furthermore, depletion of macrophages from the stimulator population abrogated the generation of anti-Qa-1 CML responses, despite the presence of responder macrophages in the culture. In contrast, all fractionated subpopulations stimulated anti-H-2 CML responses. When macrophage-enriched cells were used as stimulators, anti-Qa-1 CTL could be generated with approximately 80 fold fewer stimulator cells than when unfractionated splenocytes were used as stimulators. These findings indicated that stimulator macrophages were essential for the generation of primary anti-Qa-1 CTL. Direct evidence for macrophage expression of Qa-1-antigens was obtained by using a Qa-1b-specific CTL clone. These studies provide i) the first evidence for Qa-1 expression on macrophages, ii) a basis for comparison of the cellular interactions necessary to generate CTL against H-2K/D-encoded vs Qa-1-encoded class 1 antigens, and iii) a model for investigating the mechanisms responsible for the immunodominance of H-2K/D alloantigens. PMID- 3156181 TI - Xenogeneic monoclonal antibody to an Ly-6-linked murine cell surface antigen: differential reactivity with T cell subpopulations and bone marrow cells. AB - The patterns of cellular and strain reactivity of a monoclonal antibody (6C3 MAb) derived from the fusion of SP2/0 cells with splenocytes from rats immunized against MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr T cells were characterized by using flow cytofluorometry (FCF) analysis. This MAb was found to stain 70 to 90% of T cells of mice with the lpr/lpr genotype and 20 to 60% of T cells of congenic +/+ strains. Dual-parameter FCF analysis of Lyt-2 vs 6C3 expression revealed the existence of several Lyt-2- and Lyt-2+ T cell subsets, one of which (Lyt-2- bright 6C3+) was expanded in lpr/lpr-bearing mice. The 6C3 MAb stained only 2 to 5% normal thymocytes but reacted with 40 to 50% bone marrow (BM) cells. A strain survey demonstrated the expression of the 6C3 antigen on peripheral T cells (and BM cells) of all strains examined, with the exception of NOD, NZB/B1NJ, and ST/bJ. Interestingly, in the positive strains, two types of 6C3 staining patterns of T cells were observed: bimodal or trimodal. Study of BXH and CXB recombinant inbred (RI) strains demonstrated that the bimodal and trimodal 6C3 patterns are associated with the Ly-6.1 and Ly-6.2 phenotypes, respectively. Linkage of 6C3 expression with the Ly 6 locus was confirmed by using the congenic C3H.B6-Ly-6b strain. Moreover, the 6C3 staining of T cells in Ly-6.2 strains was reduced by preincubation with the H9/25 and SK-142-446 MAb, which are known to recognize Ly-6.2-associated antigens. Therefore, the 6C3 MAb appears to detect a frame-work determinant on an Ly-6-linked antigen that is absent from T cells of NOD, NZB, and ST/bJ mice. Analysis of (NZB x C58) NX8 RI strains demonstrated a correlation between the lack of 6C3 expression on T cells and unresponsiveness in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (a property of NZB/B1NJ mice). The 6C3 MAb should prove useful for further genetic and biochemical analysis of the Ly-6 locus and its product(s), and for the delineation of functional subsets of T cells and BM cells in normal and lpr/lpr-bearing mice. PMID- 3156182 TI - Suppression of Ag-induced release of EP (IL 1) by spleen cells of specifically desensitized donors: evidence for the role of a suppressor cell. AB - Monocytes or macrophages may be induced to produce IL 1 by activators (e.g., lipopolysaccharide endotoxin) that act directly or by antigens/mitogens (e.g., Con A) that stimulate inducer lymphocytes to release a lymphokine that stimulates macrophages. Using guinea pigs (GP) rendered delayed hypersensitive to ovalbumin (OVA), we investigated the role of spleen cells from normal, sensitized, and specifically desensitized GP in suppressing release of IL 1, measured as endogenous pyrogen (EP), from peritoneal exudates of sensitized GP when incubated with OVA in vitro. Co-cultivation of all three sources of spleen cells with GP peritoneal exudate cells and OVA suppressed EP release as measured in the rabbit fever assay, the effect being most marked with cells from desensitized GP, intermediate with cells from sensitized GP, and least with normal cells. This suppressor activity of spleen cells on in vitro EP release was not explained by nonspecific absorption of EP by the added cells and did not affect EP release by a stimulus that activates macrophages directly (heat-killed staphylococci). It required both lymphocytes and macrophages for its effect, but unlike some other suppressor factors, it was not modified by indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin release. This appears to be the first reported evidence for cell mediated suppression of lymphokine-mediated release of IL 1, an important modulator of the immune system through its combined role as a lymphocyte activating factor and an inducer of fever (EP). PMID- 3156179 TI - Analysis of the negative allogeneic effect using B cells and helper T cell lines as an indicator system: B cells identified as target cells for suppression. AB - The target cells for H-2b T lymphocytes mediating a negative allogeneic effect in vitro were analyzed by using carrier-specific helper T cell lines of H-2b, H-2d, or F1 origin and hapten-primed T-depleted spleen cells also expressing one or both of these haplotypes. The helper T cell lines were shown to be carrier specific and H-2b or H-2d restricted. Most importantly, the lines derived from H 2b homozygous mice were devoid of alloreactivity against H-2d and vice versa. Titration of naive H-2b T lymphocytes to the indicator cultures resulted in suppression of the secondary anti-DNP response of the indicator cells whenever the B cells expressed H-2d antigens. The lack of suppression observed in mixtures in which only the helper T cell lines expressed H-2d antigens was not reversed by the increased addition of naive H-2bxd cells, indicating that an insufficient amount of H-2d antigens present on the low number of helper T cells used did not account for this finding. Moreover, the polyclonal plaque-forming cell responses of F1 spleen cells to LPS were also suppressed by naive parental T cells. From these findings it is concluded that the suppressor T cells directly recognize and inhibit allogeneic B cells without the involvement of helper T cells. In addition, it was shown that the suppression of secondary anti-hapten responses by naive allogeneic T cells is blocked by monoclonal anti-Lyt-2 antibody added at the onset of culture. Addition late in culture had no effect, pointing to a functional role of the Lyt-2-bearing structure at an early stage of the suppressive events resulting in the negative allogeneic effect. PMID- 3156184 TI - Regulatory proteins for the activated third and fourth components of complement (C3b and C4b) in mice. II. Identification and properties of complement receptor type 1 (CR1). AB - We identified on the membrane of mouse spleen cells a polypeptide of Mr 190,000 (S190), with binding affinity for the mouse third component of the complement system (C3). S190, purified by affinity chromatography on C3-Sepharose, has properties resembling those of the human C3 receptor type 1 (CR1). Thus, S190, like CR1, served as a cofactor for the C3b inactivator (I)-mediated cleavage of fluid-phase C3b into iC3b, and had cofactor activity comparable to that of serum factor H (H). S190 also acted as a cofactor for the cleavages of membrane-bound C3b or membrane-bound iC3b into C3c (Mr 140,000) and C3dg (Mr 40,000) by serum factor I. As is the case with CR1, the specific activity of S190 for the cleavages leading to C3c-C3dg formation was approximately 100-fold greater than that of H. We therefore conclude that S190 and CR1 are analogous proteins. PMID- 3156183 TI - Activation requirements for antigen- and mitogen-induced interferon-gamma release from cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - We have studied the activation signals that regulate interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion from murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) upon binding mitogen or antigen. CTL clones were found to require at least 1 hr of stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A) in order to produce detectable levels of IFN-gamma. Full activation of IFN-gamma synthesis in CTL clones occurred after stimulation for 2 hr or more, and in those cultures CTL continued to produce high levels of IFN gamma even after the effects of Con A had been neutralized. Splenic T cells and uncloned long-term CTL lines required a longer period of stimulation than cloned CTL for Con A-induced IFN-gamma secretion. The relationship between IFN-gamma secretion and cytotoxic activity was studied in an antigen-specific system. These studies reveal marked differences in the types of effector responses generated by CTL upon contact with antigen, demonstrating that some antigen-bearing cells promote high levels of IFN-gamma secretion and are poorly lysed by CTL, whereas other cell lines are lysed with high efficiency by CTL but induce low levels of IFN-gamma secretion. PMID- 3156185 TI - Neutrophils express a receptor for iC3b, C3dg, and C3d that is distinct from CR1, CR2, and CR3. AB - In the present study we examined human neutrophils for the expression of a receptor capable of binding C3dg and defined the relationship of this receptor to those that have been previously described, namely CR1, CR2, and CR3. C3dg was isolated from serum depleted of plasminogen, supplemented with 20 mM Mg++, and incubated at 37 degrees C for 6 to 8 days. The purified protein was homogeneous when analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and exhibited an apparent m.w. of 41,000. C3dg was polymerized by treatment with dimethyl suberimidate, and the dimer was isolated by gel filtration. Binding of both monomeric and dimeric 125I-labeled C3dg to neutrophils was saturable, and the latter ligand bound to an average of 12,400 sites/cell among nine normal individuals. At 4 degrees C, bound monomeric C3dg dissociated from neutrophils with an average t1/2 of 30 min, whereas dimeric C3dg dissociated with a t1/2 in excess of 120 min. Specific binding of multimeric C3dg was cation independent and was competitively inhibited by molar concentrations of iC3b and C3d that were equivalent to the inhibitory concentrations of unlabeled C3dg; C3b was less able to compete with C3dg for binding to these sites. The capacity of this neutrophil receptor to bind iC3b, C3dg, and C3d suggested its possible identity as CR2 or CR3. However, no specific binding to neutrophils of 125I-labeled HB-5 monoclonal anti-CR2 was detected. Furthermore, uptake of 125I-labeled C3dg was not inhibited by saturating concentrations of rabbit anti-CR1, anti-Mac-1, or OKM10. Thus, a receptor resides on neutrophils that binds the C3d region of iC3b and C3dg and is distinct from CR1, CR2, and CR3. PMID- 3156186 TI - Evidence for distinct intracellular pools of receptors for C3b and C3bi in human neutrophils. AB - In this report, the modulation and localization of complement receptors CR1 and CR3 in neutrophils were examined with the use of monoclonal antibodies (mab) directed against these membrane proteins. We first studied complement receptor modulation in a patient with neutrophil-specific granule deficiency. With flow cytometric analysis, we determined that, while N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine (f-met-leu-phe) (10(-6) M) caused an increase in the binding of both anti-CR1 and anti-CR3 mab to normal neutrophils, the fmet-leu-phe-stimulated neutrophils from our patient increased anti-CR1 binding but decreased anti-CR3 binding. This suggested that CR3, but not CR1, might be associated with specific granules. We next studied receptor modulation in organelle-depleted neutrophil cytoplasts obtained from normal donors. Unlike the specific granule-deficient neutrophils, the normal cytoplasts failed to augment expression of either receptor after stimulation. Immunofluorescence studies of permeabilized polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) revealed considerable internal binding of both anti-CR1 and anti-CR3. In additional studies, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was used as a stimulus for receptor modulation in normal neutrophils. Unlike fmet-leu phe and C5a, PMA elicited a biphasic dose-response curve. High doses of PMA (greater than 0.5 ng/ml) caused a reduction in the magnitude of membrane expression of both CR1 and CR3. In studies designed to localize the internal pool of receptors, we evaluated the binding of 125I-anti-receptor mab to plasma membrane-, specific granule, and azurophilic granule-enriched fractions obtained from sucrose gradient fractionation of disrupted neutrophils. 125I-anti-CR1 mab bound to the membrane-enriched fraction but bound little to either granule enriched fraction. In contrast, 125I-anti-CR3 mab bound more to the specific granule-enriched fraction than to the plasma membrane-enriched fraction. Azurophilic granules showed no increased anti-CR3 binding. Immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled solubilized subcellular fractions with anti-receptor mab confirmed these findings. CR3 was present in the plasma membrane-, and specific granule enriched fraction but not in the azurophilic granule-enriched fraction. CR1, however, was present only in the plasma membrane-enriched fraction. These data indicate that there are intracellular pools for both the CR1 and CR3, but the intracellular locations for these pools are distinct. The pool for CR3 co sediments with specific granules, while the pool for CR1 does not. Nonetheless, a variety of stimulatory agents increase and decrease the membrane expression of both receptors in parallel. PMID- 3156187 TI - Structural polymorphism of murine complement factor H controlled by a locus located between the Hc and the beta 2M locus on the second chromosome of the mouse. AB - Structural polymorphism of murine factor H protein was demonstrated by using three different methods. 1) By prolonged agarose electrophoresis and immunofixation, factor H protein was visualized in the beta region as a single, distinct protein band in freshly bled EDTA-plasmas from many laboratory and wild mice. Two variants were detected among a large number of tested strains; one, referred to as H.1, moved faster to the anodal region (type strain, BALB/c), and the other, referred to as H.2, moved more slowly to the anodal region (type strain, STR). The F1 hybrid between BALB/c and STR exhibited a combining type of factor H protein, which was observed in each parent. 2) Two-dimensional peptide mapping analysis was carried out with tryptic peptides of these two factor H allotypes. Almost all of the spots in the maps of tryptic peptides were common to both allotypes. However, three distinct spots among the 57 spots detected in the map of tryptic peptides of the H.1 allotypes were not detected in that of H.2 allotype, whereas two spots among the 56 spots in the map of H.2 allotype were unique for this allotype. The F1 hybrid between BALB/c and STR showed a combining type of the map of parent. 3) Alloantisera against each of H allotypes were successfully produced in BALB/c or BALB/c-H.2 (a congenic strain with H.2 allotype) by repeated injection of each purified factor H protein either from the BALB/c or the STR strain. These findings indicated that the observed variants of factor H represent antigenically and structurally distinguishable allotypes. The allotypes of murine factor H protein are controlled by a single codominant locus located between the Hc locus and the beta 2M locus on the second chromosome of the mouse. This was shown by phenotyping the Hc locus and H locus with backcross progenies between A/J (one of strain with H.1) and MoA (one of strain with H.2). The recombination frequency between these two loci was 0.17 +/- 0.046. PMID- 3156189 TI - Macrophage T lymphocyte interactions in the anti-tumor immune response: a mathematical model. AB - In this paper we present a model of the macrophage T lymphocyte interactions that generate an anti-tumor immune response. The model specifies i) induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, ii) antigen presentation by macrophages, which leads to iii) activation of helper T cells, and iv) production of lymphoid factors, which induce a) cytotoxic macrophages, b) T lymphocyte proliferation, and c) an inflammation reaction. Tumor escape mechanisms (suppression, antigenic heterogeneity) have been deliberately omitted from the model. This research combines hitherto unrelated or even contradictory data within the range of behavior of one model. In the model behavior, helper T cells play a crucial role: Tumors that differ minimally in antigenicity (i.e., helper reactivity) can differ markedly in rejectability. Immunization yields protection against tumor doses that would otherwise be lethal, because it increases the number of helper T cells. The magnitude of the cytotoxic effector cell response depends on the time at which helper T cells become activated: early helper activity steeply increases the magnitude of the immune response. The type of cytotoxic effector cells that eradicates the tumor depends on tumor antigenicity: lowly antigenic tumors are attacked mainly by macrophages, whereas large highly antigenic tumors can be eradicated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes only. PMID- 3156190 TI - Natural suppressor cell inhibiting T killer responses against retroviruses: a model for self tolerance. AB - We previously reported the characterization of a spontaneous suppressor T cell population (NSC) present in naive mice and able to suppress the cytotoxic response (CTL) against tumor cells induced only by endogenous Gross virus (GLV). In this study we demonstrate the existence of such NSC inhibiting the CTL activity against tumor cells induced by the normally exogenous Moloney virus (M MLV) in mice of the Mov-13 (V+) strain in which the M-MLV has been artificially endogenized and which express the virus during the embryonal life. These NSC are not found in other Mov strains in which the endogenized M-MLV is not expressed during fetal life. The implication of these data in the mechanism of self tolerance is discussed. PMID- 3156191 TI - Photometric microassay for quantitation of macrophage Fc and C3b receptor function. AB - A photometric microassay has been developed to quantitate macrophage Fc and C3b receptor mediated binding and phagocytosis by measuring the absorbance of macrophage associated erythrocytes at 405 nm on an automated densitometer. The method compares favorably in sensitivity and kinetics to the 51Cr-labeled erythrocyte assay. Saturation and linear dose response kinetics were demonstrable for both total index and phagocytic index of either Fc receptor or C3b receptor. The assay allowed detection of significant differences in Fc receptor function with varying macrophage densities and between Fc receptor competent (C3HeB/FeJ) macrophages and Fc receptor deficient (C3H/HeJ) macrophages. A valid binding index was derived at 37 degrees C by computing the difference between the total and phagocytic indices, which compared favorably with binding studies at 4 degrees C. This new procedure provides a simple, rapid and reproducible microassay for the quantitation of Fc/C3b receptor dependent binding and phagocytosis which offers distinct advantages over the laborious rosette assay and the 51Cr-labeled erythrocyte assay. PMID- 3156192 TI - Immunophenotype of lymphoid cells in positive patch tests of allergic contact dermatitis. AB - The immune phenotype of the infiltrating cells in 13 positive patch tests from 8 cases of contact dermatitis and 1 case of poison ivy was studied. An indirect immunoperoxidase technique was used in conjunction with monoclonal antibodies directed against mature T cells (Leu-1, T11), helper T cells (Leu-3A), suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (Leu-2A), killer and natural killer cells (HNK 1), B cells (B1), Langerhans cells (HLA-DR), and the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA), (J5). The majority of infiltrating mononuclear cells were Leu-1+, T11+, Leu-3A+, Leu-2A-, HLA-DR+, T9-, T10-, HNK-, B1-, J5-. Occasional T6+ cells were observed in the epidermis (including spongiotic microvesicles) and also isolated in the dermis and within the dermal mononuclear infiltrates. The phenotype was compared with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, a disease in which contact allergy and antigenic persistence may play a role. PMID- 3156188 TI - Monoclonal IgE-dependent eosinophil cytotoxicity to haptenated schistosomula of Schistosoma japonicum: enhancement of the cytotoxicity and expression of Fc receptors for IgE by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. AB - To obtain direct evidence for the involvement of IgE antibodies in eosinophil mediated killing of schistosomula of S. japonicum, dinitrophenylated (DNP) schistosomula pretreated with mouse monoclonal IgE antibodies were co-cultured with purified rat peritoneal eosinophils. It was found that the eosinophil mediated adherence and damage to haptenated schistosomula were dependent on a monoclonal anti-DNP IgE antibody, but not on monoclonal anti-ovalbumin IgE antibody. Moreover, eosinophils from N. brasiliensis-infected rats demonstrated an enhanced ability in the IgE-dependent damage to DNP-schistosomula as compared with the cells from normal rats. The enhancement was associated with an increase in the proportion of eosinophils expressing Fc receptors for IgE. PMID- 3156193 TI - Disproportionate expansion of a minor T cell subset in patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 3156194 TI - Acquisition of hepatitis B by a mentally retarded community student. PMID- 3156195 TI - [Studies on changes in serum estrone, estradiol, estriol, DHA-S, and cortisol and urinary estriol excretion]. AB - Radioimmunoassay was used in order to investigate changes in steroid hormone, serum estrone, estradiol, estriol, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHA-S) and cortisol in 71 cases of twin pregnancies. Also, urinary estriol was measured by the Amberlite XAD-2 method. These results were compared with those in 90 cases of single pregnancies. In the third trimester, the increase in serum estrogen levels in twin pregnancies was significantly higher than that in single pregnancies. From 28 to 34 weeks of pregnancy, the DHA-S level in single pregnancies rapidly dropped and after that, gradually decreased to the base level. But in the other weeks of pregnancy, no change in DHA-S was observed. The serum cortisol level in twin pregnancies was slightly higher than in single pregnancies. There was no significant difference between them. The nse in the cortisol level in twin pregnancies was significantly greater than in single pregnancies after 38 weeks of pregnancy. The urinary estriol level in twin pregnancies was significantly higher than in single pregnancies and had values 1.8-3.0 times higher than in single pregnancies. PMID- 3156196 TI - Assessment of mononuclear phagocytic system function by clearance of anti-D sensitized erythrocytes: the role of complement. PMID- 3156197 TI - Vasodilator properties of a family of bioactive atrial peptides in isolated perfused rat kidneys. AB - The isolated Krebs-perfused rat kidney was used for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the family of peptides derived from rat atrial extracts. Renal resistance changes were measured in perfused rat kidneys continuously infused with norepinephrine. The low molecular weight peptide fraction from rat atrial extracts was purified to obtain six peptides. The 21 amino acid peptide, designated atriopeptin I, was previously demonstrated to be natriuretic and to relax intestinal but not vascular smooth muscle strips (in vitro) and to be an extremely weak renal spasmolytic in the isolated perfused rat kidney. On the other hand, the 23 amino acid peptide (which has a Phe-Arg carboxy terminal extension on atriopeptin I), designated atriopeptin II, and atriopeptin III (the Phe-Arg-Tyr carboxy-terminal extension) were natriuretic and spasmolytic (in vitro) on both intestinal and vascular smooth muscle. Both atriopeptin II and III produced a profound concentration-dependent decrease in renal resistance in the norepinephrine-constricted rat kidney preparation. A comparative study of the six peptides isolated from atrial extracts indicates that the Phe-Arg or Phe-Arg Tyr carboxy-terminal extension of the basic 21 amino acid sequence is essential for the renal vasorelaxant activity. A purified high molecular weight peptide (designated atriopeptigen) is impotent relative to the low molecular weight atriopeptin II and III as a renal spasmolytic in isolated perfused rat kidneys and reduces renal resistance only after in vitro proteolytic cleavage. Thus, the low molecular weight peptides atriopeptin II and III appear to be the active species that mediate the renal vasodilation produced by atrial extracts. PMID- 3156198 TI - The radionuclide diagnosis, evaluation and follow-up of malignant external otitis (MEO). The value of immediate blood pool scanning. AB - A patient suffering from malignant external otitis (MEO) underwent early blood pool scanning followed after 2 hours by 99m Tc MDP bone scanning and serial Ga-67 citrate scintigraphies of the skull. The former two procedures served as a diagnostic tool to MEO. The latter was used for estimating the extent of the infective process and for following-up the efficacy of treatment. The complementary role of these three procedures in the diagnosis and follow-up of MEO, with special emphasis on immediate blood pool scanning as part of the diagnostic procedure, is illustrated. PMID- 3156199 TI - Effects of N-nitrosodimethylamine on cell-mediated immunity. AB - Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) exposure altered the cell-mediated immune response of B6C3F1 adult female mice as assessed by several immunological assays. Following 14 daily exposures (i.p.) to 1.5, 3.0, or 5.0 mg DMN/kg, mice exhibited a depression in their lymphoproliferative response to the T-cell mitogens concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin, and in their mixed lymphocyte response to mitomycin-treated DBA-2 spleen cells. The delayed hypersensitivity response (DHR) to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), as measured by vascular permeability changes, was decreased by over 50% at the 5.0-mg/kg dose. When the DHR to KLH was measured by an influx of endogenously 125I-iododeoxyuridine (IUdR)-labelled monocytes, there was a 300% increase in the response of the 5.0-mg-DMN/kg group. Adoptive transfer studies using exogenously radiolabelled (51Cr) bone marrow cells from either vehicle- or DMN-treated (5 mg/kg) donors indicated a greater than 60% reduction in the DHR to KLH in DMN-treated mice (5.0 mg/kg level) regardless of the donor treatment. Animals exposed to DMN exhibited a decreased susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes. The dichotomy in the results of the KLH DHR measured by monocyte influx and the increased resistance to the bacterial challenge were interpreted to reflect an effect on bone marrow. The numbers of granulocyte/monocyte stem cells were increased in a dose-related fashion in bone marrow from DMN-treated mice. The results indicate that DMN-treatment impairs cell-mediated immunity while increasing the number of bone marrow cells differentiating to form granulocytes or monocytes with an apparent enhancement in functional activity. PMID- 3156200 TI - Electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic study of interatrial conduction disturbances with left atrial retrograde activation. AB - From 81,000 ECGs we collected 83 cases that fulfilled the criteria of Interatrial Conduction Disturbances with Left Atrial Retrograde Activation (IACD-LARA) (P +/- in II, III and VF with P width greater than or equal to 120 msec.). We present the detailed study of 35 cases with surface ECG and VCG and 29 cases with orthogonal ECG leads. The results are then compared against two control groups: with cardiopathy (30 cases) and without cardiopathy (25 cases). The prevalence of IACD-LARA was nearly 1% globally, and 2% among patients with valvular heart disease. The diagnostic criteria for IACD-LARA are: 1) ECG: P +/- in II, III and VF with P greater than or equal to 120 msec. with open angle (usually greater than 90 degrees) between the first and the second part of the P.2) Orthogonal ECG: P +/- in Y lead with a negative mode greater than 40 msec. 3) VCG: More than 50 msec. above the X or Z axis, duration of the P loop greater than or equal to 110 msec., open angle between the two parts of the P loop in both frontal (131.3 degrees +/- 32.3) and right sagital planes (171.2 degrees +/- 15.1), and presence of notches and slurrings in the last part of the P loop. PMID- 3156201 TI - Effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake blockers on the release of LH and prolactin in several different experimental steroid models in the rat. AB - The effect of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake blockers on the surges of LH and prolactin has been investigated in pro-oestrous rats and various experimental models used frequently to study the effects of steroids on LH and prolactin secretion in female rats. The steroid models were: rats ovariectomized on dioestrus, injected immediately with oestradiol benzoate (OB) and at 12.00 h on the next day (presumptive pro-oestrus) with progesterone (model 1); long-term ovariectomized rats injected with a single injection of OB and 72 h later with either progesterone (model 2) or OB (model 3); long-term ovariectomized rats injected daily with OB (model 4). The uptake blockers alaproclate (3-30 mg/kg) and zimelidine (20 mg/kg) were injected and blood samples withdrawn from previously implanted intra-atrial cannulae. Plasma LH and prolactin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. The present study confirmed that a surge of LH occurs at about 17.00-18.00 h of the presumptive day of pro oestrus in model 1, at about 5 h after (approximately 17.00 h) the injection of either progesterone or the second injection of OB in models 2 and 3, and diurnally in model 4, and the simultaneous occurrence of a prolactin surge in models 2 and 4. A surge of prolactin at the same time as the LH surge was shown to occur also in models 1 and 3. Alaproclate (30 mg/kg) administered at 15.00 h delayed significantly the peak of the prolactin surge in the pro-oestrous rat and models 1, 3 and 4, and in the latter the magnitude of the prolactin surge was also significantly reduced. By contrast, the peak of the prolactin surge in model 2 was significantly prolonged by alaproclate. Alaproclate had no significant effect on either the timing or the magnitude of the LH surge in the pro-oestrous rat, and models 3 and 4. The peak of the LH surge was delayed by alaproclate in model 1 and abolished in model 2, providing further evidence for the possible importance of interactions between 5-HT and progesterone in neuroendocrine control. Zimelidine had no significant effect on either the LH or prolactin surge in the pro-oestrous rat and in models 1 and 2. These results show that normal 5 HT uptake is necessary for the normal timing and/or magnitude of the spontaneous and steroid-induced prolactin surge but is not essential for the normal timing and magnitude of the spontaneous surge of LH and the LH surge in some but not all steroid models.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3156202 TI - Parachlorophenylalanine blocks the spontaneous pro-oestrous surge of prolactin as well as LH and affects the secretion of oestradiol-17 beta. AB - The effect of the 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis inhibitor, parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA), on the spontaneous, pro-oestrous surges of prolactin and LH was investigated in conscious female rats implanted with an intra-atrial cannula. The LH surge was blocked in all animals treated with PCPA, but the prolactin surge was blocked in six out of ten animals and unaffected in four out of ten animals. There was a significant correlation between the plasma concentrations of prolactin and oestradiol-17 beta, surges of prolactin occurred in animals with plasma oestradiol-17 beta concentrations of 120 pmol/l and above, and the LH surge was blocked in animals in which the oestradiol-17 beta concentration was less than 188 pmol/l plasma. These results show that (i) PCPA can block the pro-oestrous prolactin as well as the LH surge, (ii) in addition to a central action PCPA may depend also on its peripheral effect on the secretion of oestradiol-17 beta and (iii) on average, lower plasma concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta are required for triggering the prolactin compared with the LH surge. PMID- 3156203 TI - Medroxyprogesterone acetate does not perturb the profile of steroid metabolites in urine during pregnancy. AB - The plasma concentrations of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in 14 women administered the progestagen for threatened abortion during the first 6 weeks of pregnancy were measured by specific radioimmunoassay. Treatment (52 nmol orally every 6 h) was continued to 18 weeks of gestation. The mean plasma concentration of MPA rose rapidly during day 1 of treatment to 14.1 +/- 1.84 nmol/l. It reached 21.5 +/- 2.3 nmol/l by 7 days and subsequently stabilized at around 26.8 +/- 5.0 nmol/l by the end of week 2. Urinary steroid profiles were determined by gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for six of the MPA-treated women and compared with those of six untreated women of similar gestational age. No differences were detected between the two groups of women, suggesting that the administration of MPA during pregnancy did not alter qualitatively or quantitatively the metabolism and excretion into urine of progesterone and oestrogens. PMID- 3156205 TI - Fibronectin mediates Treponema pallidum cytadherence through recognition of fibronectin cell-binding domain. AB - The specificity of the interaction between Treponema pallidum and fibronectin was demonstrated. Treatment of host cells with only antifibronectin sera and not anticollagen or antilaminin sera, inhibited treponemal cytadsorption. Incubation of fibronectin-coated coverslips with monoclonal antibody to the cell-binding domain of fibronectin reduced treponemal attachment to the same extent as antifibronectin serum. Both iodinated fibronectin and iodinated cell-binding domain bound to T. pallidum in a saturable manner. Specificity of the T. pallidum association with the cell-binding domain was the most effective inhibitor of the binding of either radioiodinated cell-binding domain or fibronectin to T. pallidum. Scatchard analysis gave Kd on the order of 10(-7) M for both cell binding domain and fibronectin binding to T. pallidum, consistent with the high affinity interaction of these organisms with host cell surfaces. Finally, the same level of attachment of treponemes was achieved on coverslips coated with cell-binding domain as that observed for organisms incubated with fibronectin, indicating that the cell-binding domain polypeptide is functionally identical to fibronectin in mediating T. pallidum adherence. PMID- 3156206 TI - Ligated complement receptors do not activate the arachidonic acid cascade in resident peritoneal macrophages. AB - Receptors for IgG stimulate the release of approximately 20% of cellular arachidonic acid (20:4) from murine resident peritoneal macrophages. In contrast, C3 receptors do not trigger the secretion of any 20:4 in excess of that released constitutively from the cells. Since the ability of C3 receptors to promote phagocytosis is regulated, we compared resting macrophages, whose C3 receptors do not promote phagocytosis of C3-coated particles, and lymphokine-treated cells, whose receptors do promote ingestion. Despite their ability to promote phagocytosis, the C3 receptor of lymphokine-treated macrophages remain unable to initiate release of 20:4. We speculate that the intracellular signals that initiate phagocytosis are distinct from those that initiate release of 20:4. PMID- 3156204 TI - Sera from patients with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis contain antibodies to glomerular heparan sulfate proteoglycan. AB - Antibodies, found in human sera from patients with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, against proteoglycans (PG) derived from bovine and human glomeruli were investigated. PG were isolated by 4 M guanidine-HCl extraction of whole glomeruli, followed by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange chromatography. The anionic fractions were further purified by chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B. Biochemical analysis of the two resulting peaks revealed the presence of high molecular weight anionic material containing protein, uronic acid, glucosamine, and galactosamine. Enzymatic and chemical susceptibilities indicated the presence of heparan sulfate PG and a galactosamine-containing PG. Immunologic studies revealed the presence of anti-PG antibodies to both PG peaks of the Sepharose CL 4B column in glomerulonephritis sera. Inhibition studies using an ELISA demonstrated that heparan sulfate was a major antigenic determinant. Cross reactivity with both mammalian and streptococcal hyaluronate was noted. Inhibition studies also indicated the presence of a second antigenic site containing N-acetylgalactosamine, possibly representing chondroitin or dermatan sulfate PG. PMID- 3156207 TI - Informed consent and incompetent medical patients. AB - The mentally incapacitated patient is frequently encountered in the general medical hospital. Incapacity is the clinical state in which a patient is unable to participate in a meaningful way in medical decisions. Mentally incapacitated patients relinquish the authority, that is the competent patient's right, to choose among professionally acceptable alternative treatments. Such patients, therefore, require a surrogate decision-maker. There are certain clinical situations in which questions of incapacity are especially important to consider. In a study for the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medical Biomedical and Behavioral Research, the most common problem in recognizing incapacity was found with previously capable patients who became transiently incapacitated during the course of hospitalization. Questions of incapacity or the authority of surrogate decision-makers also arose with comatose, mentally retarded, mentally ill, and physically handicapped patients. While standards to determine capacity remain unclear, a practical approach is to demonstrate that a patient is able to describe the physician's view of the situation and to understand the physician's opinion as to the best intervention. When a patient is deemed to be incapacitated, the physician should turn to family members, whenever possible, to make decisions. PMID- 3156209 TI - Abundance and tissue distribution of selenocysteine-containing proteins in the rat. AB - The form and distribution of selenium (Se) in proteins from selected tissues of the rat were studied by measuring 75Se radioactivity in animals provided for 5 months with [75Se]selenite as the main dietary source of Se. Equilibration of the animals to a constant specific activity of 75Se allowed the measurement of 75Se to be used as a specific elemental assay for Se. Skeletal muscle, liver and blood accounted for 73% of the whole-body Se and 95% of the total Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity. Over 80% of the whole-body Se was in protein in the form of the selenoamino acid, selenocysteine. All other forms of Se that were measured accounted for less than 3% of the whole-body Se. The Se in protein was distributed in seven subunit sizes and nine chromatographic forms. The Se in glutathione peroxidase accounted for one-third of the whole-body Se. These results show that the main use of dietary Se, as selenite, in rats is for the synthesis of selenocysteine-containing proteins. Furthermore, the presence of two thirds of the whole-body Se in nonglutathione peroxidase, selenocysteine containing proteins suggests that there may be other important mammalian selenoenzymes besides glutathione peroxidase. PMID- 3156210 TI - Altered composition of polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups in phosphoglycerides of Down's syndrome fetal brain. AB - We have observed recently that in vitro lipoperoxidation is enhanced in Down's syndrome brain homogenates of prenatal age. As this may relate to the composition of polyunsaturated acyl groups (PUFA) in phospholipids, we have examined the PUFA of ethanolamine and serine phosphoglycerides (EPG and SPG), which are particularly rich in PUFA, in the same series of cerebral cortex specimens of Down's syndrome and age-matched control fetuses. Although the total percentages of PUFA in the two phosphoglycerides were not altered, compared with controls the ratio of PUFA of the (n-3) series to those of the (n-6) series was very significantly elevated in Down's syndrome, from 0.32 to 0.55 in EPG and from 0.60 to 0.97 in SPG. In particular, docosahexaenoyl, 22:6(n-3), groups were uniformly increased in Down's syndrome compared with controls by 54% and 33% in EPG and SPG, respectively, while arachidonoyl, 20:4(n-6), groups were decreased by 16% and 30%, respectively. Similar changes occur during normal development, but the (n-3) to (n-6) ratio of PUFA in these phosphoglycerides of Down's syndrome at the fifth month of gestation resembled that of normal human cerebral grey matter at term. However, other developmental indices related to PUFA composition were not significantly affected. It seems therefore that in the developing Down's syndrome brain there may be a distortion of the normal transformations of essential fatty acids and of their incorporation into phosphoglycerides. The disproportion between docosahexaenoyl and arachidonoyl groups in membrane phosphoglycerides during prenatal development in Down's syndrome may also result in disturbances of the proper functioning, and the ontogenetic integration, of membrane enzymes and transport processes. PMID- 3156211 TI - Resolution of rat brain synaptic phosphoprotein B-50 into multiple forms by two dimensional electrophoresis: evidence for multisite phosphorylation. AB - Phosphoprotein B-50 was extracted from rat brain membranes by alkaline extraction and purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and flat-bed isoelectric focusing. The purified protein shows microheterogeneity upon isoelectric focusing in a narrow pH gradient (pH 3.5-5.0). As visualized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, B-50 resolved into four clearly separated forms which differ slightly in isoelectric point. The forms are in part mutually convertible by exhaustive phosphorylation (using protein kinase C) and dephosphorylation (using Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase). Proteolysis with Staphylococcus aureus protease yielded two radioactive peptides. Analysis of their molecular weights and the time course of their formation suggests that B-50 was cleaved at only one specific site. Our data indicate the presence of more than one phosphorylatable site. The possibility that the heterogeneity of B-50 was in part due to a glycoprotein nature of B-50 was studied extensively. However, none of the six different methods used revealed the presence of glyco-moieties in B-50. PMID- 3156208 TI - Effect of hypoxic hypoxia on taurine concentrations in ventricles of mouse hearts. AB - The effects of hypoxic hypoxia on the concentration of taurine in right ventricles was studied in the hearts of male CF1 mice caged individually and maintained for 16 hr per day in a hypobaric chamber evacuated to an air pressure of 307 mm Hg. After 23 days hearts were excised and right and left ventricles were separated and lyophilized. Hematocrits in chamber animals were 77-82%, compared to 45-49% for control mice. Mean weights of right ventricles of animals from the chamber were 11.2 +/- 0.9, compared to control values of 7.0 +/- 0.4, mg dry weight. The mean dry weights of left ventricles in both groups of animals were the same. There were no significant differences in the nmoles taurine per mg day tissue in either heart chamber, with mean values +/- S.E.M. of 124.0 +/- 4.6 and 135.0 +/- 4.5 in right ventricles and 128.0 +/- 4.3 and 110.9 +/- 15.3 in left ventricles of experimental and control animals respectively. Thus, hypertrophy which results from hypoxia is not accompanied by increased concentrations of taurine in right ventricles. PMID- 3156212 TI - Characterization of calelectrin, a Ca2+-binding protein isolated from the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. AB - We report a fast (less than 1 day) and efficient (2-3 mg protein/100 g tissue) isolation method for calelectrin, a protein of Mr 34,000 in the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata that binds to membranes in the presence of Ca2+. Purified protein was used to investigate the nature of its interaction with membranes and with Ca2+. Calelectrin binds to liposomes composed of total extractable lipids from the electric organ in a Ca2+-dependent and -specific manner with half maximal binding between 3 and 7 microM free Ca2+. This binding is totally inhibited by 1 mM mercaptoethanol. It is also shown that calelectrin directly binds Ca2+ in solution by two techniques: at 1 and 10 microM Ca2+ it binds 45Ca2+ as measured by gel permeation chromatography, and it contains saturable Tb3+ binding sites that are Ca2+-displaceable. An investigation of the protein's endogenous fluorescence shows that although it contains both tryptophan and tyrosine, there is no change in the apparent quantum yield as a function of Ca2+. Ca2+-dependent hydrophobic affinity chromatography of the total soluble proteins from Torpedo electric organ shows that Torpedo calelectrin, like calmodulin and mammalian calelectrins, is specifically retained in the presence of Ca2+ and eluted by EGTA. Calelectrin also contains high-affinity sites for hydrophobic fluorescence probes such as N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, 2-CP-toluidinylnaphthalene 6-sulfonic acid, and 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid, which again unlike calmodulin, show no changes as a function of Ca2+. We conclude that calelectrin is a Ca2+-binding protein whose binding to the lipid moieties of membranes is regulated by physiological change in the Ca2+ concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3156213 TI - Basal ganglia calcification in Down's syndrome. AB - The basal ganglia from 33 patients (all over one year of age) with Down's syndrome were examined pathologically. Forty-five per cent had calcification. Basal ganglia calcification was localised to a constant area of globus pallidus and became more prominent with increased age. Calcification and amyloid degeneration of the adjacent blood vessels were present. The proximity of abnormal blood vessels to basal ganglia calcification suggests a pathogenetic relationship. PMID- 3156214 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome following zimeldine treatment. AB - Thirteen cases of the Guillain-Barre syndrome are reviewed, all occurring with a similar relationship to recent commencement of treatment with the antidepressive drug zimeldine. The risk of developing Guillain-Barre syndrome was increased about 25-fold among patients receiving zimeldine, as compared with the natural incidence of the disorder. The cases described provide strong evidence that Guillain-Barre syndrome may occur as a specific, probably immunologically mediated, complication of drug therapy. PMID- 3156215 TI - Vascular recanalizing techniques in interventional neuroradiology. AB - Vascular recanalizing techniques only recently became methods of some clinical importance. Angioplasty of the subclavian artery in cases with subclavian steal syndrome has now been performed in so many instances that it can be judged safe. Angioplasty at the origin of the vertebral artery has not yet been performed in as many cases. However, even there this method is obviously less hazardous than surgery. Local intraarterial fibrinolytic therapy is the only therapy providing some success in progressive stroke from vertebrobasilar thrombosis. In contrast to the vertebrobasilar territory local fibrinolytic therapy within the carotid territory has to be strictly limited to some special indications. PMID- 3156216 TI - Receptor potentials of isolated frog muscle spindle evoked by sinusoidal stimulation. AB - Receptor potentials in response to sinusoidal stimulation have been recorded from isolated muscle spindles of the frog. Sinusoidal displacements of different amplitudes (20-120 micron) and frequencies (0.1-100 Hz) were used. The mean static stretch level was adjusted between resting length (L0) and L0 + 400 micron, so that the amplitude and phase-response characteristics were measured at different operating points. Depending on the amount of static prestretch, there is a well-defined dynamic range, which limits the receptor potential by nonlinear compression of either its positive or negative half-cycle. For each point on the static operating curve there exists a dynamic operating curve with a sigmoidal shape. The range of each dynamic curve is approximately 80 micron, independent of the static displacement, and the maxima of all dynamic curves are the same. Therefore the dynamic curves are not symmetrical about their static operating point. The slope of the steepest portion is 10% of the maximum elicitable receptor potential per 10-micron dynamic displacement. For stimulus frequencies greater than 2 Hz the receptor potential deviates from a sinusoidal waveform, exhibiting a fast depolarization transient during stretch and a prolonged repolarization transient during release of stretch. The steepness of the depolarization transient increases with increasing stimulus frequency, amplitude, and prestretch level. As a result, the interval from trough to peak of the receptor potential shortens to less than 90 degrees instead of half a cycle. The repolarization transient has an exponential decay with a time constant of approximately 40 ms that remains constant during the various stimulus conditions. As a result of this slow decay time, individual receptor potentials summate, so that the response divides into a modulated receptor potential (AC component) and a maintained depolarization (DC component). The amplitude response characteristic of the stationary AC component increases with increasing stimulus frequencies up to a peak at 2 Hz, after which it declines with a slope of -3 dB/octave. Provided large sinusoidal stretches and/or extended prestretch levels are used, this high frequency decline of the AC component is compensated for by the proportional increase of the DC component, so that the peak depolarization values remain constant from 2 to 100 Hz. Stimulus and response are in phase for stimulus frequencies less than 2 Hz and reverse to phase lag at higher stimulus frequencies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3156217 TI - Action potential patterns of isolated frog muscle spindle in response to sinusoidal stimulation. AB - Signal transfer in the isolated frog muscle spindle is investigated using the linear frequency domain analysis technique. Sinusoidal stretches of different amplitudes (20-120 micron) and frequencies (0.1-120 Hz) were applied at different levels of static prestretch, ranging from resting length (L0) up to L0 + 400 micron, so that the frequency-response characteristics were measured at different operating points within the dynamic range. The neuronal responses were recorded from the first node of the afferent stem fiber with a modified air-gap technique. By this means, subthreshold receptor potentials, prepotentials preceding the impulse, and the propagated action potentials were recorded simultaneously, thus providing a detailed insight into the encoding process. There is a well-defined dynamic range of receptor responses. At L0, the encoding site is depolarized to its firing level and discharges spontaneous stimulus-independent impulses. The upper limit is given by the saturation of the receptor potential, which keeps the depolarization maximum below the level of sodium inactivation. Therefore a "depolarization block" or "overstretch" does not exist in the muscle spindle; i.e., the receptor retains its ability to encode information over a large range of dynamic and static displacements. Since the dynamic curves of the receptor potential are not symmetrical about their static operating point, the impulse pattern remains modulated throughout the dynamic range, even if small sinusoids are superimposed on a large static prestretch. The afferent discharge pattern is mainly regulated by the modulated AC component of the receptor potential. At low stimulus frequencies (less than 1 Hz) the receptor potential modulates almost linearly about the mean membrane voltage, so that the evoked discharge pattern displays a smooth analog signal, which is close to sinusoidal. Increasing the static prestretch increases both the peak response and the modulation depth of the impulse pattern. In the intermediate frequency range (1-10 Hz), the cycle histogram disintegrates into discrete peaks separated by empty bins, because the nonlinear receptor potential elicites firmly phase-locked action potentials during its fast depolarization transient. Raising the prestretch level improves the precision of phase locking and increases the number of spikes elicited per cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3156218 TI - AIDS: today's vital challenge to dentistry. PMID- 3156219 TI - Comparison of quantitative and visual detection of new focal bone lesions. AB - A comparison is made between the sensitivity of detection of focal abnormalities in radionuclide bone images by visual examination and by using simple quantification. The quantitative method calculates the ratio of radiopharmaceutical uptake in a region of interest drawn around a lesion to that in an area of normal bone. Quantification is found to be far more sensitive than visual examination in detecting focal metastases. The use of "baseline" images improved the precision of quantitation of rib lesions, but appeared not to alter the sensitivity of visual detection. This method of quantification is therefore limited more by the inability of observers to notice suspicious areas to which it should be applied than by inaccuracies inherent in the method itself. Further work should concentrate more on image enhancement than on improving quantitative techniques. PMID- 3156220 TI - 24-Hour/4-hour ratio of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate uptake in patients with bone metastases and degenerative bone changes. AB - The uptake of [99mTc]MDP in metastatic lesions of the vertebrae was compared with the uptake in normal vertebrae. The ratio of these lesion-to-nonlesion uptakes at 4 and 24 hr was called the 24-hr/4-hr ratio (TF ratio). A similar ratio was measured for lesions in the spine due to degenerative bone disease. Lesions in vertebrae with degenerative bone disease and treated metastases had a significantly lower TF ratio than lesions in vertebrae with untreated bone metastases. These findings suggest that the TF ratio might be a reliable method for separating metastatic lesions from degenerative changes in the vertebral column, and could be especially useful in cancer patients whose bone scans demonstrate a single lesion in the spine. PMID- 3156221 TI - What causes uptake of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate by tumors? A case where the tumor appeared to secrete a hypercalcemia-causing substance. AB - A patient exhibited an unusual constellation of findings: His extraosseous lymphoma sequestered [99mTc]MDP, a bone-seeking agent, while at the same time it appeared to produce a factor that caused hypercalcemia. The dispersed lymphoma cells took up more [99mTc]MDP in vitro than did cultured lymphoblasts suggesting that the in vivo sequestration may have been, at least in part, an active intracellular process. PMID- 3156223 TI - Gallium-67/technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate ratio imaging: early rabbit osteomyelitis and fracture. AB - Simultaneous digital acquisition of [67Ga] and [99mTc]MDP images, and subsequent division of the first by the second to produce a parametric ratio image (G/T), is employed to characterize the relative localization of the two radiopharmaceuticals in early rabbit tibia Staphloccocus aureus osteomyelitis and fracture repair. Images obtained during the first 48 hr of each condition show preferential 67Ga accumulation probably reflecting an initial inflammatory response while G/T images at 5-7 days show predominance of the bone-seeking scan agent, which may indicate that the dominant process is osteoblastic repair. PMID- 3156222 TI - Scintigraphic studies to evaluate stability of ceramics (hydroxyapatite) in bone replacement. AB - In this study, the suitability of a radionuclide bone imaging technique was examined in cases of hydroxyapatite implants for segmental replacements of long bones. The radionuclide bone imaging technique, using [99mTc]MDP was applied to estimate osseous changes at the sites of the hydroxyapatite implants up to 2 yr after their implantation in an animal experimental model. The results were correlated with histological and radiographical findings at the same time. The radionuclide bone imaging with technetium proved to be a useful method to estimate the intensity of osseous changes after bone replacement by a hydroxyapatite implant. It proved to be more sensitive than radiography. The differences in elasticity of the implanted material and adjacent bone may cause an increase of radionuclide uptake at the site of the implant 2 yr after implantation. These osseous changes cannot be detected by standard histological and radiographical methods but could be detected by radionuclide bone imaging. It is submitted that the radionuclide bone imaging is a noninvasive, sensitive, and useful method for the estimation of osseous changes in sites of long term bone implants. PMID- 3156224 TI - Papillon-Lefevre syndrome: report of a case. PMID- 3156225 TI - Tooth extraction in two patients who had a congenital deficiency of factor XIII. AB - Two cases of the extraction of deciduous teeth in unrelated patients who had congenital Factor XIII deficiency are reported. The modes of inheritance of the deficiency are discussed, and methods of screening, diagnosis, and treatment are suggested. A combination of a local hemostatic treatment and transfusion of Factor XIII concentrate resulted in the sockets healing without further postoperative bleeding in both cases. PMID- 3156226 TI - Renovascular hypertension in childhood: a changing perspective in management. AB - Seventeen children with renovascular hypertension caused by intrinsic renal artery lesions received treatment during the past 10 years. At presentation nine were asymptomatic, four had headaches, and one had epistaxis; three infants had anorexia and failure to thrive. Routine intravenous pyelogram and radionuclide renal scan findings were abnormal in 29% and 31% of patients, respectively. Arteriography showed a branch artery stenosis in seven patients and a main artery lesion in 10. A renal vein renin ratio of greater than or equal to 1.5 between the affected and the contralateral kidney was obtained in 10 of 17 patients. Of 16 patients available for follow-up, 15 are normotensive after a mean follow-up of 3.7 years. Cure was achieved by partial nephrectomy and ligation of a stenosed vessel in two and nephrectomy in five (three having undergone an unsuccessful angioplasty procedure). Autotransplantation or angioplasty was curative in a further six. Transluminal balloon angioplasty was attempted in seven patients but was successful in only two with main renal artery stenoses. With preservation of renal parenchyma as the main goal, medical and surgical therapy can be individualized for each patient. PMID- 3156228 TI - Vitamins and minerals in Down syndrome. PMID- 3156227 TI - Technetium 99m-methylene diphosphonate bone scans in children with reflex neurovascular dystrophy. AB - Eleven children with reflex neurovascular dystrophy were investigated by technetium-labeled methylene diphosphonate bone scanning. Eight of 12 scans demonstrated abnormal findings, four showing diffusely decreased uptake and four diffusely increased uptake of the radionuclide in the affected site. Three scans showed normal findings initially, as did one previously abnormal scan when repeated in the asymptomatic patient 6 months later. Diffusely abnormal findings can be helpful in the diagnosis of childhood reflex neurovascular dystrophy, but a normal scan does not exclude the diagnosis. PMID- 3156229 TI - Immunizations and the role of the pedodontist. PMID- 3156230 TI - Bacteriological studies of subgingival plaque in a periodontitis-resistant population. I. Darkfield microscopic studies. PMID- 3156231 TI - The relationship of probing depth and total microscopic counts to differential subgingival plaque morphology. PMID- 3156232 TI - Latex slide agglutination vs. ELISA system. Rheumatoid factor detection in inflamed human gingiva. PMID- 3156233 TI - The pH of human crevicular fluid measured by a new microanalytical technique. PMID- 3156234 TI - Binding of 3H-methyltrienolone (3H-R1881) to androgen receptors in human gingiva. PMID- 3156235 TI - Chemiluminescence of human leukocytes by black-pigmented Bacteroides strains from dental plaque and other sites. PMID- 3156236 TI - Labelling of gingival and dermal mast cells with and without degranulation by 48/80. PMID- 3156237 TI - Root resorption following periodontal flap procedures in monkeys. PMID- 3156238 TI - Salivary IgA antibody to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in a young adult population. PMID- 3156239 TI - Assessment of inter-examiner agreement in scoring periodontal disease. PMID- 3156240 TI - The effect of subsampling sites within patients. PMID- 3156241 TI - Film-holder device for radiographic assessment of periodontal tissues. PMID- 3156242 TI - Effects of diacetyl monoxime on cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. AB - Diacetyl monoxime (DAM) is a negative inotropic agent. To identify the mechanism of its actions, electrical and mechanical studies with various cardiac tissues were carried out. DAM (0.2-20 mM) inhibited the contractile force in both normal and 22 mM KCl-depolarized (in presence of 10(-6) M isoproterenol) guinea-pig papillary muscles in a concentration-dependent manner. In general, there was a lack of major effects of DAM on sarcolemmal electrical properties. The fast action potentials were somewhat depressed and the slow action potentials were slightly enhanced. In chemically skinned pig ventricular muscles, the myofibrillar contraction induced in 6.25 pCa was inhibited by DAM in a similar concentration range. DAM also produced an apparent decrease in sensitivity toward Ca++ in this preparation. Myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase assay showed similar results as in the skinned muscles. All DAM effects were reversible upon washout and could be partially antagonized by raising [Ca++]. Taken together, the negative inotropic effect of DAM cannot be ascribed to an inhibitory effect on the slow inward current, as suggested previously. An inhibitory effect at the myofibril level is a distinct possibility. Additional effects of DAM on the sarcoplasmic reticulum cannot be ruled out. PMID- 3156243 TI - Optimal concentration of phosphoric acid as an etching agent. Part III: Enamel wettability studies. PMID- 3156245 TI - Computer-based research by disabled engineers: a case study. PMID- 3156244 TI - Comparison of four thermocycling techniques. AB - This investigation revealed no significant difference among the four thermocycling techniques. The use of a dye or an isotope was equally effective and penetrated the tooth/restoration interface to a similar degree. The extent of tracer penetration appeared to be independent of the dwell time in the thermal baths. All procedures involving thermal changes were more potent in demonstrating leakage than the noncycled method. PMID- 3156246 TI - Tubal sterilization. A historical review. AB - During the 1970s there was a fivefold worldwide increase in the number of sterilizations. Sterilization has emerged in many countries as the most popular method of family planning for couples over 30 years of age. This paper reviews the developments in tubal sterilization, with special emphasis on the early years and the development of laparoscopic techniques. PMID- 3156247 TI - Synthesis of new polyoxin derivatives and their activity against chitin synthase from Candida albicans. AB - Two analogues of L-alanylpolyoxin C with a modified peptide bond were synthesized and tested for inhibition of chitin synthase in Candida albicans. N-Methylation of the peptide bond (compound 13) or the replacement of it by NH2CH2 (compound 9) led to loss of activity in the enzyme assay. A novel analogue (compound 5) of nikkomycin was synthesized from uracil polyoxin C and (2S,3R)-3 hydroxyhomotyrosine, a component of echinocandin C. Despite high activity in the chitin synthase assay, 5 had no inhibitory effect on cells of C. albicans. PMID- 3156248 TI - Artificial siderophores. 1. Synthesis and microbial iron transport capabilities. AB - Several di- and trihydroxamate analogues of natural microbial iron chelators have been prepared. The syntheses involved linkage of core structural units, including pyridinedicarboxylic acid, benzenetricarboxylic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, and tricarballylic acid, by amide bonds to 1-amino-omega-(hydroxyamino)alkanes to provide the polyhydroxamates 1-5. The required protected (hydroxyamino)alkanes 8, 16, and 21 were prepared by different routes. 1-Amino-3-[(benzyloxy)amino]propane di-p-toluenesulfonate (8) was prepared from the N-protected aminopropanol 6 by oxidation to the aldehyde, formation of the substituted oxime, and reduction with NaBH3CN followed by deprotection of the Boc group. The pentyl derivatives 16 and 21 were made by direct alkylation with either benzyl acetohydroxamate or N carbobenzoxy-O-benzylhydroxylamine. In Escherichia coli RW193 most of the analogues behaved nutritionally as ferrichrome. However, in E. coli AN193, a mutant lacking the ferrichrome receptor, capacity to use other natural siderophores was retained while response to all analogues was lost. PMID- 3156249 TI - Artificial siderophores. 2. Syntheses of trihydroxamate analogues of rhodotorulic acid and their biological iron transport capabilities in Escherichia coli. AB - Tris[(acetylhydroxyamino)alkyl] isocyanurates 2a-c were synthesized from alpha, omega-dibromoalkanes 5 in four steps. The alkylation of the bromides 5a-c with O benzyl-N-[(trichloroethoxy)carbonyl]hydroxylamine in the presence of DBU gave N alkylation products 7a-c. The (trichloroethoxy)cabronyl protecting group of 7a-c was easily removed by Zn dust in acetic acid. When the reaction was performed with acetic anhydride, the desired N-acetylated materials 10a-c were obtained. The alkylation of cyanuric acid with 12 in the presence of base provided the N alkylated materials 13, which were hydrogenated to provide 2a-c. In order to determine the affect of structural modifications on biological activity, various chain lengths of the side arms were utilized and the retroanalogue 3 was prepared. Most of the compounds examined acted as ferrichrome in supporting the iron nutrition of Escherichia coli. However, tris[(acetylhydroxyamino)butyl] isocyanurate 2b, and to some extent its pentyl analogue, 2c, displayed the unique and remarkable property of supporting growth of fhuB mutants, the latter unresponsive to the other analogues and to all natural siderophores tested. PMID- 3156250 TI - Distribution of sensory receptors in the flexor carpi radialis muscle of the cat. AB - The structures and distribution of encapsulated muscle receptors were examined in serial transverse sections of flexor carpi radialis in the adult cat. Four types of receptors (muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs, paciniform, and Pacinian corpuscles) were identified. Their structures resembled those encountered in other limb muscles. Pacinian corpuscles were rare and occurred only in the external fascial coat of the muscle near its origin. The other three receptor types were distributed in an uneven but consistent pattern throughout the muscle. As noted previously (Gonyea and Ericson, '77), spindles were largely confined to a deep muscle region comprising less than 20% of the muscle volume, located directly between the long tendon of origin and the tendon of insertion. This region contains the largest proportion of type SO muscle fibers (Gonyea and Ericson, '77). Tendon organs and paciniform corpuscles were concentrated along the tendons that lined the spindle-rich muscle region. This region appeared to be composed of extrafusal fibers that were shorter and of more oblique pinnation than those in other regions. The localization of muscle receptors to the "oxidative" core of the muscle in its direct line of pull may have functional implications for afferent input to the spinal cord which are discussed. In addition, the possibility is raised that there are more paciniform corpuscles in flexor carpi radialis (and possibly other muscles) than previously thought. PMID- 3156252 TI - The split image artifact in pelvic ultrasonography: the anatomy and physics. AB - Transverse ultrasound scans of the pelvis often demonstrate double images or an apparent widening of the structures deep to the bladder. The phenomenon occurs when the real-time transducer is placed on the midline of the abdominal wall. Most of the widening effect or split image is caused by refraction of sound at the interface between the abdominal wall muscle and the collection of fat deep to the muscle. Using Snell's Law, it is possible to calculate the amount of splitting for a given anatomic configuration. The phenomenon is most exaggerated when the object is furthest away from the transducer and when the curvature between muscle and fat is largest. PMID- 3156251 TI - Restoration of immunity in burned mice by cimetidine. AB - We have previously described a mouse model of postburn suppression of cell mediated immunity (CMI). Ear swelling (ES) in response to contact antigen challenge is depressed maximally 14 days following a 25% steam burn and recovers to control levels 3 weeks postburn. Splenic lymphocyte proliferation in response to Concanavalin A (Con A) is also depressed 14 days postburn. Splenic T lymphocyte subset analysis with monoclonal antibodies for helper cells (Lyt 1.2) and suppressor cells (Lyt 2.2) reveals that T-helper cells reach a minimal level and T suppressor cells reach a maximum level 14 days postburn. The helper: suppressor ratio (HSR) reaches its nadir at day 14. Treatment of burned mice with low-dose cimetidine (2 or 10 mg/kg/day), but not high-dose (50 mg/kg/day), for 14 days restores CMI. Low-dose cimetidine also normalizes the HSR but does not effect postburn depression of mitogen responsiveness. Low-dose cimetidine probably restores CMI by inhibiting suppressor cells, whereas high doses provide more global inhibition. Recovery of mitogen responsiveness may require continued cimetidine presence in culture. PMID- 3156253 TI - Coronal sonography: a review of abdominal applications. AB - Many abdominal structures are optimally imaged in the coronal plane because of their unique shape or environment. Routine application of coronal ultrasound scanning to the spleen, kidneys, and liver is advocated. Adjunctive coronal images of the biliary tract, inferior vena cava, aorta, and retroperitoneum complement or frequently provided diagnostic information unavailable in routine views. Inadequacy of acoustic windows or limitations of tissue-beam interaction encountered in transverse and sagittal projections may be overcome with coronal scans. PMID- 3156254 TI - Subcellular localization of lethal lysis proteins of bacteriophages lambda and phiX174. AB - The gene products of the lethal lysis genes S and E of the bacteriophages lambda and phiX174, respectively, were shown to be associated primarily with inner membrane material by isopycnic sucrose gradient centrifugation of lysates of infected cells. A small amount of each polypeptide appeared to be in the outer membrane fraction. PMID- 3156256 TI - Small-diameter vascular prostheses: two designs of PTFE and endothelial cell seeded and nonseeded Dacron. AB - Despite numerous advances in biomaterials design and utilization, the perfect artificial small-vessel substitute has yet to be developed. Dacron and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are two materials potentially appropriate for use as small-vessel prostheses. We report the patencies of endothelial cell-seeded and nonseeded 4 mm I.D. Dacron grafts and two designs of nonseeded 4 mm I.D. PTFE (Gore-Tex and Impra) in the carotid position in dogs. All graft lengths exceeded the calculated maximum critical length for the material being tested. Dacron grafts, both endothelial cell-seeded and nonseeded, achieved higher patencies than both designs of PTFE. Endothelial cell-seeded Dacron grafts achieved the highest patencies. Endothelium was present to a significant extent only on endothelial cell-seeded Dacron grafts. There was little pannus ingrowth or midgraft pseudointima on nonseeded Dacron or on patent PTFE grafts although thrombus-free surface areas of patent PTFE grafts were high. These comparative data support the utility of endothelial cell seeding in achieving high patencies of small-diameter vascular grafts. PMID- 3156257 TI - Laser angioplasty: progressing, but opinions, forecasts vary. PMID- 3156255 TI - Expression of the cloned bacteriophage phi X174 A* gene in Escherichia coli inhibits DNA replication and cell division. AB - The A* gene of bacteriophage phi X174 has been cloned into the inducible expression vector pCQV2 under conditions allowing its lethal action to be controlled by the lambda cI857 repressor. Upon induction of expression, DNA synthesis in Escherichia coli carrying the recombinant plasmid is severely inhibited; however, these same cells permit beta-galactosidase induction at a rate similar to that observed in control cells at the inducing (for A*) temperature. Cells in which A* is expressed form filaments and produce more RecA protein, indicating at least a partial induction of the SOS response; however, there is no evidence of damage to the bacterial chromosome. It appears that the A* protein has as one function the inhibition of cell division and DNA replication but not transcription or protein synthesis during phage infection. PMID- 3156258 TI - Laser-opened coronary arteries close again within months. PMID- 3156259 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Suboptimal response to hepatitis B vaccine given by injection into the buttock. PMID- 3156260 TI - Cardiac hypertrophy as early adjustments to a chronically sustained mechanical overload. AB - There is a distinct inverse relationship between the force and the extent or velocity of muscle shortening in isolated muscle at a constant resting muscle length or in the intact heart with the preload and inotropic state held constant. In the normal ventricle, however, preload is usually allowed to increase as the aortic pressure is augmented, and the stroke volume tends to be maintained constant. Such complex interaction between increases in preload and afterload can be analyzed by a two dimensional framework in terms of the appropriateness of the matching between afterload and the level of inotropic state as modulated by preload. The initial response to chronic volume overload consists of near maximum use of the Frank-Starling mechanism. An increase in afterload due to the wall thinning and increased chamber size does not produce a fall of wall shortening. As an eccentric hypertrophy develops with series addition of sarcomeres, a delivery of much larger stroke volume is attained without any further use of the Frank-Starling mechanism, with a optimal extent of wall shortening per unit of circumference. Acute severe pressure overloading causes an acute afterload mismatch despite the maximum use of preload reserve. Subsequently, chronic adaptation takes place with development of concentric hypertrophy which returns the ventricle to the control force-velocity curve. As wall thickening accomplishes a decrease in wall stress, wall shortening also becomes normal. Thus, chronic mechanical overload is initially adjusted by an adequate hypertrophy to correct afterload mismatch. Inadequate hypertrophy results in an elevation of wall stress and produces a decrease in stroke volume with the expenditure of the preload.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3156261 TI - Back to basics and way beyond: the nurse's role with handicapped children in Kansas schools. PMID- 3156262 TI - Effect of methylprednisolone on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary vascular disease and right ventricular hypertrophy. AB - Methylprednisolone (MP) has been shown to reduce acute lung edema caused by monocrotaline (MCT), but its effect on MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension has not previously been reported. We have examined the effects of MP on MCT-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy using five groups of rats. Group 1 received nothing and acted as control; group 2 and all other groups received MCT as a single injection; group 3 was given low-dose MP by daily injection starting 24 hours after the MCT; group 4 was given MP as two high-dose pulses 2 hours before and 22 hours after MCT; group 5, acting as control for injection, received an injection of water 2 hours before MCT and daily for 21 days. All animals were killed 21 days after the MCT was given; ventricular weights were determined, and the lung vasculature was analyzed morphometrically. In each of the last three groups, the "treatment" reduced the increase in arterial medial thickness, "extension" of muscle to intraacinar pulmonary arteries, number of vessels with "occluded" lumen, and right ventricular hypertrophy--the features caused by MCT alone. For all four features, the effectiveness of a given regimen was similar. Daily MP prevented three-quarters of the ventricular ratio change, whereas pulse MP and daily water prevented one half. The protection given by daily water injection may relate to autologous hormone production (steroid or other) from stress of injections. Daily MP, given after the acute MCT injury has occurred, protects more effectively than a high dose pulse given at the time of injury. We suggest that the acute phase of MCT injury causes secondary changes that, although triggered by the acute lesion, become self-sustaining and are more significant for vascular structural remodeling. PMID- 3156263 TI - A non-chromatographic radioimmunoassay for 3-oxo desogestrel. AB - A non-chromatographic radioimmunoassay for 3-oxo desogestrel (13 beta-ethyl-17 hydroxy-11-methylene-18,19-dinor-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3- one), the biologically active metabolite of desogestrel (13 beta-ethyl-11-methylene-18,19-dinor-pregn-4 en-20-yn-17-ol), has been developed to facilitate studies of the pharmacokinetics of this steroid. The method uses an antiserum raised against levonorgestrel (13 beta-ethyl-17-hydroxy-18,19-dinor-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one). None of the steroids tested which showed significant cross-reactions are believed to be present in plasma after ingestion of desogestrel; furthermore, dilutions of standards and unknowns gave parallel responses in the assay. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 12.9 and 11.8% respectively. The sensitivity of the assay was approx 0.02 ng/ml. The peak concentrations of 3-oxo desogestrel after a 150 micrograms dose of desogestrel in three subjects were between 0.48 0.71 ng/ml, and in two subjects 3-oxo desogestrel was still detectable 24 h after dosing. PMID- 3156264 TI - Differential effects of experimental hyperlipidemia on various types of rabbit peripheral blood lymphocyte receptors. AB - Rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet for 3 months showed an increase in peripheral blood lymphocytes with membrane receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G and a decrease in lymphocytes with receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin M and also with receptors for the third component of the complement. Thus our results indicate changes in lymphocyte membrane receptor expression in experimental hyperlipidemia that may supposedly influence some lymphocyte functions. PMID- 3156266 TI - Immunoreactive beta-endorphin is demonstrable in the secretory but not in the proliferative endometrium. AB - The presence of immunoreactive beta-endorphin (ir beta-E) in the endometrium was studied by immunoperoxidase staining of tissue sections at various stages of the menstrual cycle. Ir beta-E was found in the endometrium during the secretory phase of the cycle, from the fourth postovulatory day to the desquamating phase, but not in the proliferative phase or during the first three postovulatory days of the cycle. Ir beta-E was located in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of the glands. Samples of endometrium were homogenized, and peptides were extracted with Sep Pak C18 cartridge, followed by purification of ir beta-E by cation exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography. In samples of secretory endometrium, a peak of ir beta-E was found with identical location of that of reference beta-E. The concentration of ir beta-E in the secretory endometrium varied from 5.0 to 12.6 pg/g of tissue. The appearance of ir beta-E in the endometrium during the secretory phase may have importance in the early events of reproduction. PMID- 3156265 TI - Experimental evaluation of a multisensor velocity-pressure catheter. PMID- 3156267 TI - Ethanol directly stimulates dihydrotestosterone conversion to 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and 5 alpha-androstan-3 beta, 17 beta-diol in rat liver. AB - The present results demonstrate for the first time in rat liver, that low ethanol concentrations (2.2 and 22 mM) directly stimulate dihydrotestosterone conversion to 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and 5 alpha-androstan-3 beta, 17 beta diol. Because this effect was blocked by 4-methylpyrazole, an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, or by the addition of a saturating NADH concentration, this action probably is mediated by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity through elevation of the NADH/NAD+ ratio. It remains to be determined whether this effect of ethanol actually reduces circulating and/or target tissue dihydrotestosterone levels; nevertheless, it is tempting to speculate that this action, in part, is responsible for the reported adverse effects of alcohol on male reproductive functions. PMID- 3156268 TI - Needs and coping abilities in families of children with developmental disabilities. PMID- 3156270 TI - The case for neonatal intensive care. PMID- 3156269 TI - Glucose metabolism in isolated adipocytes from lean and obese Zucker rats following treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone. AB - Previous work has demonstrated that chronic administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to obese Zucker rats reduces the severity of hyperinsulinemia that is usually present. There were also significant decreases in body weight, fat depot weight, and adipose tissue cellularity. It was hypothesized that the decreased serum insulin was a reflection of improved tissue responsiveness to insulin. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate this hypothesis by examining the insulin response in isolated adipocytes of DHEA treated rats. Glucose incorporation into CO2, fatty acids, and glyceride-glycerol was measured in isolated parametrial and retroperitoneal adipocytes. Cells from control and DHEA-treated lean rats and control and DHEA-treated obese rats were used, as well as cells from a group of obese rats pair-fed to the DHEA-obese rats. Increased basal and insulin-stimulated rates of incorporation of glucose into CO2 and fatty acids were found in adipocytes from DHEA-lean rats compared to control, lean rats. In contrast, cells from DHEA-treated obese rats tended to incorporate less glucose into CO2 and fatty acids than either the control or pair fed obese rats. These data indicate that the decrease in serum insulin levels seen in DHEA-treated obese rats is not due to an improvement of adipose tissue responsiveness. PMID- 3156271 TI - Revised recommendations for preventing malaria in travelers to areas with chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. PMID- 3156272 TI - Mechanisms of complement activation by crystalline cholesterol. AB - The mechanism by which cholesterol crystals activate complement in human serum has been studied. Crystals treated with serum and washed with buffer contain a fixed C3/C5 convertase. Its generation is dependent on the presence of divalent cations (and of factor B). The cholesterol-fixed convertase is subject to decay and can be regenerated by factors B and D. C2 in combination with C1 is not essential but enhances the convertase formation. These findings indicate that it is predominantly the alternative C3/C5 convertase C3bBb(P) that assembles on cholesterol during exposure to human serum. By the use of different antisera and immunofluorescence a C3 fragment, probably C3b, was demonstrated on serum-treated crystals. Its fixation is resistant to washing with urea, and with buffers of differing pH: by hydroxylaminolysis the C3 fragment dissociates from the crystals. This indicates a covalent ester bond linking the labile binding site of activated C3 to the hydroxyl group of cholesterol. Cholesterol acetate does not fix C3 nor acquire a C3-cleaving activity upon contact with serum. In addition, cholesterol crystals bind factor I (C3b inactivator) and in this way may facilitate fixation and amplification of the alternative C3/C5 convertase. PMID- 3156273 TI - Cross-linking studies with the uvrA and uvrB proteins of E. coli. AB - The interactions of the uvrA and uvrB proteins with DNA have been investigated using a DNA-protein cross-linking technique. It is demonstrated that hydrolysis of ATP by the uvrA protein facilitates cross-linking of this protein to single stranded DNA, whether the DNA is UV irradiated or not. In contrast, cross-linking to unirradiated double-stranded DNA is not facilitated by ATP hydrolysis and is in fact increased by the substitution of the non-hydrolysable analogue aTP gamma S for ATP. In the presence of ATP, a dose-dependent increase is observed in the amount of uvrA protein which can be cross-linked to UV-irradiated double-stranded DNA. Binding of uvrB protein to puvrA-DNA complexes has a stabilising effect and increases the number of complexes which can be cross-linked whether the substrate is single- or double-stranded DNA. We can find no evidence that ATP hydrolysis by uvrA protein results in unwinding of UV-damaged DNA. PMID- 3156274 TI - Increased SCE inducibility by low doses of methylcholanthrene in lymphocytes obtained from patients with Down's disease. AB - The inducibility of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) following 3 methylcholanthrene (MC) treatment of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes and of in vitro cultured normal human embryo fibroblasts, as well as peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with Down's disease and of fibroblasts of an embryo with trisomy 21 has been investigated. 10(-6) M MC treatment increased the frequency of SCEs by 2.5 in the case of Down lymphocytes when compared to the healthy control. The fibroblasts with trisomy 21, however, did not show an increased sensitivity to MC treatment when compared with normal fibroblasts, expressed in the number of SCEs per nucleus found in the cells. PMID- 3156275 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty versus coronary artery bypass. Isn't it time for a randomized trial? PMID- 3156276 TI - The expression of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen by bile canaliculi. PMID- 3156278 TI - Calcium regulation of molluscan myosin ATPase in the absence of actin. AB - In the myosin-linked regulatory mechanism typified by the molluscan scallop adductor muscle, contraction is controlled by Ca2+ binding to sites on the thick filament protein, myosin. The regulatory light chains of myosin heads are involved directly in this mechanism and early studies suggested that, in the absence of Ca2+, these subunits prevent the interaction of a myosin-adenosine nucleotide complex with the actin-containing thin filament. Subsequently, Ashiba et al. reported that the steady-state ATPase of molluscan myosin exhibits a limited degree of Ca2+ activation in the absence of actin. Recently, however, we have shown that steady-state ATPase activity in relaxing conditions is dominated by the unregulated molecules in the myosin preparation. Single-turnover kinetic methods are required to monitor the highly suppressed ATPase activity of the regulated population. Using the latter approach, we report here that scallop myosin ATPase is reduced about 100-fold on removal of Ca2+. The regulatory light chains maintain the relaxed state via conformational changes which suppress the product release steps, irrespective of the presence of actin. PMID- 3156277 TI - Rearrangement and transcription of the beta-chain genes of the T-cell antigen receptor in different types of murine lymphocytes. AB - Rearrangements of T-cell receptor beta-chain genes are usually found on both chromosomal homologues, occurring by both deletional and non-deletional mechanisms. Two constant-region (C beta) genes have been identified previously and at least one is transcribed in every helper or cytotoxic T cell tested, but the choice of C beta gene expression is not correlated with the specialized functions of these T lymphocytes. By contrast, four of five suppressor T-cell hybridomas examined have deleted all known joining (J beta) gene segments and C beta genes and therefore may have antigen receptors encoded by different T-cell receptor gene families. PMID- 3156279 TI - Serum gastrin in chronic renal failure: morphological and physiological correlations. AB - Elevated serum gastrin (SG) has been reported in chronic renal failure (CRF). We studied SG levels in relation to various humoral and gastroduodenal histopathologic findings in 20 controls, 12 uremics under conservative therapy (CT), 27 patients on regular dialysis (RDT) and 8 transplanted patients (Tx). SG and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were estimated by radioimmunoassay (RIA), in addition serum BUN, creatinine, Ca++PO4---and alkaline phosphatase (predialysis in RDT) were determined. 20 patients (12 on CT and 8 on RDT) underwent pentagastrin (PG) stimulation test and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsy of gastric and duodenal mucosa. The mucosal samples were stained for mucopolysaccharides (MPS), nucleic acid (NA) and alkaline phosphatase (AP), and divided into intense, normal or faint staining. Mean SG was 688.71 pg/ml (CT cases), 636.2 pg/ml (RDT cases) and 280.6 pg/ml (Tx cases), all values being significantly higher than controls (118.46 pg/ml). SG level had a linear correlation with serum creatinine in CT patients and predialysis creatinine in RDT patients, but not with other parameters studied (BUN, Ca++,PTH,PO4---AP). The incidence of gastroduodenal erosions (40%) had a significant negative correlation with SG. They were more frequent with normal MPS stain (p = 0.01) and NA staining (p less than 0.001) than faint staining of gastric mucosa biopsy. The acid response to PG stimulation was inversely correlated with SG. We believe that elevated SG is compensatory to a decreased response of the gastroduodenal mucosa to PG. Mere retention of SG does not explain its elevation as its correlation with serum creatinine existed not only in patients on CT, but also in RDT patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3156280 TI - Effects of dietary linoleic acid enrichment on induction of immune complex nephritis in mice. AB - In pharmacologic doses E series prostaglandins attenuate the development of immune complex nephritis. We studied the effect of the dietary prostaglandin precursor linoleic acid on murine apoferritin-induced immune complex glomerulonephritis. High, normal, or low linoleic acid diets were fed to mice for 4 weeks prior to and during the intraperitoneal apoferritin administration. A high linoleic acid diet feeding was associated with less proteinuria, less renal histologic damage, and prevented a rise in serum creatinine. We conclude that linoleic acid has a protective effect on the development of murine apoferritin induced immune complex nephritis. PMID- 3156282 TI - Continuous measurement of cerebral arteriovenous differences of beta-endorphin in sheep. AB - Blood was collected at 20-second intervals from the external carotid artery and from the dorsal longitudinal sagittal sinus (sagittal sinus, SS) of ovariectomized sheep. The point of SS catheterization was very near the point at which diencephalic effluent entered the SS. Concentrations of beta-endorphin (beta-EP) immunoreactivity were quantified by radioimmunoassay procedures in blood plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the cisterna magna. Increases in plasma beta-EP concentration were provoked by intracarotid injection of naloxone and by experimental production of bacteremia (i.e., intravascular bacteria), but these procedures failed to increase beta-EP in CSF. Quantities of beta-EP in plasma samples from the SS were assumed to represent arterial contribution (minus tissue uptake), diencephalic secretion, and retrograde delivery of pituitary beta-EP to the diencephalic effluent. The arterial contribution was removed mathematically by subtracting the arterial plasma beta EP concentration from the concurrent SS plasma concentration of beta-EP to yield a paired arteriovenous (AV) difference. When this AV difference was consistently positive and satisfied our statistical criterion for being greater than zero, we concluded that either pituitary beta-EP was delivered in a retrograde manner to diencephalon or the diencephalon secreted beta-EP. However, this situation occurred in only 5 of 31 periods examined. Furthermore, only 2 of these 5 periods occurred during times of increasing arterial concentrations of beta-EP. Such concurrence would be expected if both changes were caused by a major discharge of beta-EP from the pituitary gland. Therefore, the present results provide little evidence for retrograde delivery of pituitary beta-EP to the brain without systemic dilution. PMID- 3156281 TI - Prognosis for pregnancy after correction of renovascular hypertension. AB - Renal artery stenosis was diagnosed in 3 women when hypertension of pregnancy persisted beyond the puerperium; all had poor obstetric histories and 2 had been hypertensive in the first trimester. A fourth case presented as hypertension associated with oral contraceptive use. After corrective procedures 6 further pregnancies were embarked upon, all of them successful and with only minor hypertensive complications in 2. Renal artery stenosis is an important cause of pregnancy hypertension persisting after the puerperium, since its correction greatly improves the prognosis for future pregnancies. PMID- 3156283 TI - Differential regulation of tuberohypophysial dopaminergic neurons terminating in the intermediate lobe and in the neural lobe of the rat pituitary gland. AB - In order to characterize the properties of tuberohypophysial dopaminergic neurons which terminate in the intermediate (IL) and neural (NL) lobes of the pituitary gland a technique was developed which permitted the selective dissection of the rat pituitary into its three distinct lobes (NL, IL and anterior lobe, AL). The success of the dissection was evaluated histologically and biochemically by measuring the distribution of peptide hormones characteristic of the dissected regions. As would be predicted, prolactin was found almost exclusively in the AL, arginine-vasopressin in the NL and alpha-melanotropin in the IL. Over two-thirds of total immunoreactive beta-endorphin was located in the IL and less than 30% was found in the AL. The concentration of dopamine (DA) was greater in the IL than in the NL, but the rate of turnover of the amine was approximately the same suggesting that the basal activity of tuberohypophysial DA neurons is similar in both regions. On the other hand, the turnover of DA in the IL, but not NL, was increased following the administration of a DA antagonist (haloperidol) and decreased following a DA agonist (bromocriptine). Thus, the activity of DA neurons terminating in the IL is regulated, at least in part, by DA receptor mediated mechanisms and in this regard these neurons resemble DA neurons terminating in the nucleus accumbens and striatum. Since DA turnover in NL was not altered by the administration of haloperidol or bromocriptine it is proposed that these neurons lack DA receptor-mediated regulatory mechanisms and thus resemble tuberoinfundibular DA neurons terminating in the median eminence. PMID- 3156285 TI - Blink rates in Huntington's disease. PMID- 3156284 TI - Benzodiazepines both enhance gamma-aminobutyrate responses and decrease calcium action potentials in guinea-pig myenteric neurones. AB - The effect of two benzodiazepines, midazolam and diazepam, was studied in guinea pig myenteric neurones, using intracellular recording techniques. Both these benzodiazepines (100-300 pM) potentiated the rapidly desensitizing, bicuculline sensitive depolarization, induced by alpha-aminobutyrate ionophoresis. Concentrations of midazolam and diazepam higher than 100 nM depressed the gamma aminobutyrate-induced depolarization. The potentiating effect of the benzodiazepines was reversibly abolished by Ro 15-1788 (1-100 nM) and by pentylenetetrazol (100 microM). A second effect of midazolam and diazepam (100 300 pM) was a reversible depression of the amplitude and duration of the directly evoked action potential in 29% of neurones, without affecting membrane potential or conductance. The effect was very marked when electrodes were filled with CsCl, and was also seen in the presence of tetrodotoxin. In some but not all of these neurones, the amplitude and duration of the action potentials was reduced also by gamma-aminobutyrate (1-10 microM). Ro 15-1788 and pentylenetetrazol reversibly abolished the effect of benzodiazepines on the action potential, but not that of gamma-aminobutyrate. Thus, benzodiazepines have two effects on myenteric neurones. The first is an enhancement of the gamma-aminobutyrate response (activation of Cl conductance); the second is a depression of the calcium action potential, which appears to be independent of gamma-aminobutyrate. PMID- 3156286 TI - The putative serotonin receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin antagonizes the antinociceptive effect of morphine. AB - The effect of the selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT-1A) receptor agonist 8 hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) on nociception and morphine analgesia was tested with the tail-flick method in mice. 8-OH-DPAT (0.06-1.0 mg/kg) had no apparent effect on the general behavior of the animals and did not change their reactivity to stimulation with noxious radiant heat. The compound did, however, dose-dependently attenuate the antinociception induced by administration of morphine hydrochloride (5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg). Thus, stimulation of a subpopulation of serotonin receptors may counteract the antinociceptive effect of morphine in the tail-flick test. PMID- 3156287 TI - The role of the Medical Society of the State of New York in workers' compensation. PMID- 3156288 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: the early Dunedin experience. AB - Since May 1981 39 men and 11 women (mean age 55 years) have undergone percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty at Dunedin Hospital. Angioplasty was performed in 34 (68%) patients with stable angina, 13 (26%) with unstable angina and in three (6%) patients with acute myocardial infarction. Primary success (reduction in angiographic stenosis without associated myocardial infarction or emergency coronary bypass) was achieved in 77% of those patients with single vessel coronary disease (27 of 35 procedures) and of 62% in those patients with multiple vessel disease (16 of 26 procedures). Successful angioplasty was obtained in 81% (25/31) of those patients with anterior descending disease, 67% (4/6) of those with circumflex disease and 58% 14/24) of patients with right coronary disease. Thirty-four patients (68%) following successful angioplasty were rendered asymptomatic. Five (10%) underwent emergency coronary bypass grafting and one of these patients died. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is a useful alternative to coronary artery bypass surgery and may be performed in a majority of patients with symptomatic single vessel coronary artery disease and in selected individuals with multiple vessel coronary disease. PMID- 3156289 TI - Asthma and peak flow meters. PMID- 3156290 TI - Pregnancy and reproductive function in a patient with non-mosaic Turner syndrome. AB - A patient with non-mosaic Turner syndrome and normal fertility had four documented pregnancies, two of which were carried to term. Although her fertility history can be considered normal, she did not have spontaneous sexual maturation or menarche, and bilateral streak gonads were identified on laparotomy for tubal ligation. A review of the literature on non-mosaic Turner syndrome and reproductive function indicates that there are several theories to account for the extreme variety of ovarian function in such patients, but not enough data are yet available to form a conclusion. PMID- 3156291 TI - [Future development of bronchial cancer mortality in West Germany]. PMID- 3156292 TI - [Unemployment and cardiovascular diseases--a review]. PMID- 3156293 TI - [Dietetics and social help--the need for standardization of evaluation practice]. PMID- 3156294 TI - ["Refuse cluttering syndrome"--a previously unknown disease picture]. PMID- 3156296 TI - [Development of East German public health]. PMID- 3156295 TI - [Social psychiatric counseling station at the district health office in Marburg/Biedenkopf--a study of its clientele and its work methods]. PMID- 3156298 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa in drinking water spouts of the hospital]. PMID- 3156299 TI - [Mobile health office accessory station--a study]. PMID- 3156297 TI - [Immune status of rubella in pregnant patients in various parts of West Germany 1984]. PMID- 3156300 TI - [Problems of medical and psychosocial care of chronic patients exemplified by multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 3156301 TI - Dentistry and the problems of the ill elderly. PMID- 3156303 TI - [You supply the diagnosis. Congenital intrahepatic arteriovenous fistula with cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 3156304 TI - [Blood parasites of birds in the White Sea-Baltic migratory course. 2. Haemoproteus (Sporozoa, Haemosporidia) fauna and distribution]. AB - An analysis of the fauna and distribution of haemosporidiae of the genus Haemoproteus in birds of the White Sea-Baltic migrational direction is given. The author examined 2605 birds belonging to 86 species. Of them 906 birds (34.8%) belonging to 54 species were infected with haemoproteids. The fauna of these parasites is represented by 16 species. The problem of species and difficulties of specific differentiation of haemosporidiae of birds are discussed. PMID- 3156305 TI - [Finding of the flea Xenopsylla cheopis Roths. in nests of the common vole (Microtus arvalis Pall.) in Leningrad]. PMID- 3156302 TI - Dental extractions in hemophilia: reflections on 10 years' experience. AB - During the past ten years we have witnessed a remarkable reduction in complications following dental extractions in patients with hemophilia. Thirty six of 100 patients experienced delayed bleeding during the first half of this period; fourteen of 112 patients had a hemorrhagic problem after extraction during the second half. From a major undertaking involving hospitalization and general anesthesia, it has become a simple procedure in the outpatient office. During the entire period, no changes were made in the transfusion policy or in the oral administration of antifibrinolytic agents. Factors contributing to the favorable evolution have been the increasing experience of the oral surgeon, the improving dental status of our hemophilia patients, prophylactic measures to reduce gingival inflammation, and changes in the composition and amount of material used to pack the dental sockets. PMID- 3156306 TI - About the President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped. PMID- 3156307 TI - Balloon embolisation of intracranial arteriovenous fistulas in children and juveniles. AB - Report on experiences with a balloon embolisation method. The balloon was detached from the catheter using a new thermo-electric technique. In five patients between 11 and 18 years seven intracranial fistulas were treated and permanently occluded. All five patients were injured in motor-vehicle accidents. PMID- 3156308 TI - [Achievements in health protection for children. On the 60th anniversary of the formation of the Tadzhik SSR]. PMID- 3156309 TI - [Problems in the preparatory stage of complete dispensary care for the pediatric population in Leningrad]. PMID- 3156310 TI - [Analysis of the health status of children being taught from the age of 6]. PMID- 3156311 TI - Back pain. Four. Positive lifting. PMID- 3156312 TI - Handicapped babies: a right to life? PMID- 3156313 TI - Clinically localized ovarian cancer. Progress in management. AB - A decade ago the five-year survival rate in patients with stage I ovarian carcinoma was only 60% to 70%. Significant advances in staging and treatment, however, promise an improvement. Initially, improvement will be seen because some patients with clinically localized ovarian cancer will be discovered to have subclinical or occult metastasis at initial surgical staging and thus will be upstaged and treated appropriately for more advanced disease. More encouraging are results of recent studies on adjuvant therapy, which indicate that in some patients the need for postoperative adjuvant therapy may be obviated. A major advance in diagnosis would be development of a serum test specific for ovarian cancer--a discovery that may be forthcoming. PMID- 3156314 TI - Thrombolysis in early transmural myocardial infarction. Feasibility and efficacy. PMID- 3156315 TI - Ectopic pregnancies: five years' hospital experience. PMID- 3156317 TI - [Plasma levels of free triiodothyronine in euthyroid aged subjects]. PMID- 3156316 TI - A case of partial sirenomelia and possible vitamin A teratogenesis. AB - Prenatal echographical findings of a partial sirenomelic fetus are described. An attempt was made to terminate pregnancy by administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha, but uterine rupture occurred. The teratogenic role of vitamin A ingested by the mother in the periconceptional period is discussed. PMID- 3156318 TI - [Acquired aortopulmonary fistula, unusual development of Valsalva's sinus aneurysm]. PMID- 3156319 TI - [Fatal complication during treatment with elliptinium acetate]. PMID- 3156320 TI - [Acute hemorrhagic colitis following administration of sennosides A and B]. PMID- 3156321 TI - [Acute non-lithiasic cholecystitis after insertion of a biliary endoprosthesis. Treatment by percutaneous cholecystostomy]. PMID- 3156322 TI - [Chylothorax after superior vena cava thrombosis in Behcet's disease]. PMID- 3156323 TI - [Aortoduodenal fistula of tuberculous origin]. PMID- 3156324 TI - [Simplified severity index and acute peritonitis]. PMID- 3156325 TI - [Thromboembolism following chemonucleolysis for disk hernia]. PMID- 3156326 TI - [Protein C deficiency: recurrent extensive phlebitis during the transfer from heparin to antivitamin K]. PMID- 3156327 TI - [Sensitization to celery and mugwort pollen. The problem of the nature of allergens remains open]. PMID- 3156328 TI - [How to evaluate the nutritional status of a patient?]. PMID- 3156329 TI - [Human fibronectin in the treatment of septic states. Tolerance and course of plasma levels]. AB - A purified freeze-dried fibronectin concentrate prepared by the Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine from blood donors' plasma pools was tested for safety and effects on recipients' plasma fibronectin levels. The product was administered on 17 occasions to 10 patients with severe sepsis, either as bolus intravenous injection (group B) or as bolus injection of one-half of the dose followed by continuous infusion of the remaining half-dose over a 6-hour period (group B + P). The drug was well tolerated both clinically and biochemically. Following a 1 mg/kg dose of fibronectin, the maximum increase in mean plasma fibronectin levels was 17 +/- 5 mg/l in group B patients and 20 +/- 5 mg/l in group B + P patients. Mean times to peak were 188 +/- 53 min and 282 +/- 106 min respectively in the two groups. A cooperative randomized double-blind trial is currently in progress to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the product. PMID- 3156330 TI - [Neonatal alloimmune thrombopenia. Clinical and biological study of 84 cases]. AB - Eighty-four patients with neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAT) were investigated clinically and by biological laboratory methods. The condition appeared at birth, usually as an isolated thrombocytopenic purpura, but in about 20% of the neonates the haemorrhagic syndrome was associated with signs of infection or with jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly. Considerable variations were observed in the severity of the purpura; in 3 cases the thrombocytopenia was clinically silent. Haemorrhagic brain lesions were present in 7% of the neonates, and severe neurological sequelae in 14 of the 59 children on long-term follow-up. The overall mortality rate was 9.2%. The PLA1 system was involved in 56 of the 59 families studied, with PLA1-negative mothers developing immunization against the foetus' PLA1 antigen. In 20% of these mothers the antibody was not demonstrable, and the diagnosis relied on the mother's phenotype and on a history of previous NAT. The strong association demonstrated between the HLA-DR3 antigen and the ability to develop anti-PLA1 antibodies is of extreme importance. It may be helpful to confirm the diagnosis in mothers without detectable anti-PLA1 antibodies and to identify mothers at risk of alloimmunization. Neurological sequelae, which were due to post-natal haemorrhage in at least 70% of the cases, could now be avoided by an early diagnosis, modern transfusional techniques and caesarian section. However, antenatal lesions cannot be avoided, except by preventive measures, yet to be developed, against alloimmunization or the cytopenic effect of the platelet antibody. PMID- 3156331 TI - [Confusional form of Chlamydia psittaci encephalitis. Diagnostic value of microimmunofluorescence. A case]. AB - A rare case of Chlamydia psittaci encephalitis is reported. The disease started with anxiety, agitation and fever (38.5 degrees C) accompanied with hallucinations and regressed within 48 hours, but a confusional syndrome persisted for 9 days. Alterations in the blood-brain barrier with low CSF protein levels and signs of lateralization could be demonstrated. The inflammatory syndrome remained discrete. The cause of the disease was disclosed by serology and epidemiological investigations. The spontaneous outcome was favourable, thus confirming that neurological forms of psittacosis are benign. This case shows that microimmunofluorescence is more sensitive than the complement fixation test and that significant levels of antibodies directed against Chlamydia psittaci may persist for almost one year in the absence of treatment. PMID- 3156332 TI - [Urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine. Value and application to the study of protein catabolism]. AB - The urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine (3 MH) is considered an easy and reliable method to quantify muscle protein catabolism in man. The 3 MH/creatinine (Cr) ratio is thought to be a good index of fractional degradation of muscle fibre protein. In the present article, the stress is placed on the limitations of 3 MH assays an- on their clinical applications. In thyroid diseases and in malnutrition (anorexia nervosa), the 3 MH/Cr ratio differentiates clearly marasmic malnutrition without increase in protein catabolism from hypercatabolic states, such as hyperthyroidism, with excessive protein degradation. 3 MH measurements therefore appear to be useful to determine the contribution of protein catabolism to lean mass reduction. PMID- 3156333 TI - [Short-term psychotherapy]. AB - Short-term psychotherapy is characterized by a reduction in the number of interviews as compared with the conventional methods and by more limited therapeutic objectives. It is still based on psychoanalysis, but the setting and problematics are different. Interviews take place face to face and include a so called focalization. The results, on the whole, are interesting. Short-term psychotherapy constitutes a more expeditious approach making the best possible use of available resources. PMID- 3156334 TI - [Completed calibrated fundoplication]. AB - Complete fundoplication at present is the most effective surgical treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux. However, it has a number of side-effects, including post-operative dysphagia, inability to eructate and painful gastric distension. Fifty-five patients were operated upon using a technique which comprises wide gastric release and fabrication of a tension-free valve around a 50F probe introduced through the mouth. After 1 year, 94% of patients were free of reflux and 22% had mild dysphagia. After 3 years, the proportion of reflux-free patients still was 94%; 12% suffered from mild dysphagia and 6% had problems with eructation. Thus, calibration of the oesophagus with a 50F probe reduces the side effects of complete fundoplication while remaining effective against gastro oesophageal reflux. PMID- 3156335 TI - [Spina bifida: an equivalent mutation in man of the mouse T locus?]. PMID- 3156336 TI - [Acute nonmyeloid leukemia in adults. Study of membrane antigens and terminal transferase. Diagnostic and prognostic value]. AB - Between January, 1982 and April, 1983, 92 adult patients with acute leukaemia were investigated in our department. According to classical criteria (cytology and optical cytochemistry), 34 were classified as "non-myeloid". These were further tested with a panel of monoclonal antibodies against cell membrane, including ALB1-2 (anti-CALLA), ALB6 (anti-p24), ALB7-8-9 (BA1), OKT and HLA DR; they were also tested for E rosettes, Slg and terminal transferase (TDT). When all these markers but HLA DR were negative, patients were investigated for ultrastructural peroxidases which were found to be present in 2 cases. Among all non-myeloid leukaemias, 18 (56%) were CALLA-positive and TDT-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (ALL), 2 (6%) were ALL T, 7 (22%) were CALLA-negative and TDT-positive ALL and 5 (16%) were acute leukaemias null for our markers, a phenomenon the significance of which is discussed. Patients with the CALLA negative TDT-positive phenotype were peculiar with regard to age (mean: 50 years), female predominance, L2 cytological pattern according to the FAB classification, good prognosis (complete remission in 100% of the cases) and median survival (p less than 0,03). PMID- 3156337 TI - [Ultrasonic inspection of the permeability of surgical portacaval shunts]. AB - Ultrasonography was used to evaluate the patency of portocaval shunts in 9 patients: 2 with spleno-renal anastomosis, 4 with portocaval truncular anastomosis, 2 with mesenteric-caval shunt and 1 with atypical shunt. The shunt count be demonstrated in 7 of these 9 patients. Angiography was performed in 6 cases and confirmed the results of ultrasonography--a finding favourable to the latter method and in agreement with those of other authors. However, the usefulness of ultrasonography varies according to the type of shunt created, as shown by our own experience and by published reports: 70% of portocaval truncular shunts, 65% of spleno-renal shunts and 46% of mesenteric-caval shunts are demonstrable by ultrasounds, these variations being due to differences in location and accessibility to the ultrasonic examination. It ultrasonography fails to display the anastomosis, it may provide indirect signs of patency. In addition to being harmless and relatively inexpensive, ultrasonography is a valuable method for evaluating portocaval shunts. It can easily be repeated and its results need not be confirmed by angiography. PMID- 3156338 TI - [Malignant pheochromocytoma. A case]. AB - A case of malignant phaeochromocytoma is reported. The primary tumour was removed in 1970. Metastases were diagnosed in 1979 and management of the condition included antihypertensive treatment with alphamethylparatyrosine, antitumoral chemotherapy and surgical reduction of secreting tissue. In these rare tumours malignancy can only be confirmed by metastases, i.e. presence of chromaffin cells in loci where they are not usually found. Histology is of little value. High levels of catecholamine precursors or their metabolites in the urine may be a sign of malignancy, but some asymptomatic tumours are only revealed by metastases. Computerized tomography and radioisotope scanning with I131 metaiodobenzylguanidine are the best available methods to locate the lesions. In view of the small number of cases and of the unpredictable course (sometimes spread over many years) of malignant phaeochromocytomas, the effectiveness of treatments with alphamethylparatyrosine, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is difficult to evaluate. PMID- 3156339 TI - [Ambulatory measurement of arterial pressure. Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value]. AB - The invasive and non-invasive techniques now available for automatic monitoring of blood pressure have provided new sets of physiological as well as diagnostic and therapeutic data. Recordings of blood pressure variations over a 24-hour period have shown that it increases during the day and decreases at night, that these physiological changes are more pronounced in the elderly than in young subjects and also that they depend on the degree of physical activity. The clinical applications of these techniques rest on the possibility of recording a blood pressure-activity profile over time, in order to speak, ultimately, in terms of blood pressure load activity. By reference to a normal blood pressure profile, genuinely hypertensive subjects can be differentiated better from those overactive, hyperemotional subjects who are perhaps not suffering from true hypertension. Finally, 24-hour recordings repeated over periods of several days or weeks enable the clinicians to assess therapeutic effectiveness and to envisage an authentic chronotherapy. PMID- 3156340 TI - [Aortic valve replacement in infectious destruction of the aortic annulus. A new technic]. AB - The results of aortic valve replacement in the acute phase of valvular endocarditis are dependent upon the degree of destruction by sepsis of the left ventricle-aorta junction. The stability of the prosthesis installed is conditioned by the extent of the lesion. Numerous techniques have been described to maintain the prosthesis firmly in place. In the technique reported here, the prosthesis is implanted in the usual position, but the sutures are tied outside the heart. Depending on the site of the lesion, this is done by opening the left atrium or the infundibulum of the right ventricle, and by passing the stitches through the aortic wall. This quick and simple technique ensures good stability of the prosthesis. PMID- 3156342 TI - [Are idiopathic leg pains due to a hernia of the lumbar intervertebral foramen canal]. PMID- 3156341 TI - [Spontaneous perirenal urinary extravasation with uroperitoneum]. PMID- 3156343 TI - [Toxic methemoglobinemia caused by a gingival lotion with a benzocaine base]. PMID- 3156344 TI - [Pericarditis disclosing primary biliary cirrhosis]. PMID- 3156345 TI - [Carbamazepine poisoning caused by carbamazepine-erythromycin interaction]. PMID- 3156346 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the respiratory consequences of supraumbilical and bi subcostal median laparotomy incisions]. PMID- 3156347 TI - [Trial of a calcium antagonist in dysmenorrhea]. PMID- 3156349 TI - [Malassez's count or urinary sediment?]. PMID- 3156348 TI - [Hematologic disorders (acute agranulocytosis) during treatment with indalpine]. PMID- 3156350 TI - [Narrow lumbar canal. Value of saccoradiculography in a standing position and limits of x-ray computed tomography]. PMID- 3156351 TI - [Spontaneous respiration in artificial ventilation. Importance of valve resistance]. PMID- 3156352 TI - [Thrombopenia and thrombosis under heparin treatment. Need for aggregation tests before treatment with low molecular weight heparin]. PMID- 3156353 TI - [Acute respiratory distress syndrome disclosing icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis. 2 cases]. PMID- 3156354 TI - [Pseudoprolactinoma caused by subclinical hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3156355 TI - [Is a low-sodium diet necessary in patients with ascites?]. PMID- 3156356 TI - [Pathogenesis of tachycardia in hyperthyroidism. Value of Holter monitoring and the use of a beta-blocker]. AB - The mechanisms of tachycardia in hyperthyroidism were investigated by means of Holter recordings of heart rate in 45 patients, 33 of whom had sinus rhythm and were left untreated. In the remaining 12 patients, recordings were taken after 3 days of treatment with either propranolol (120 mg/day; 6 patients) or pindolol (15 mg/day; 6 patients). Propranolol is a beta-blocker devoid of intrinsic sympathetic activity whereas pindolol possesses such activity. Changes in heart rate under the influence of each of these drugs were compared with those observed in 96 controls similarly treated. The difference in baseline heart rare between day and night was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in patients with hyperthyroidism (17 +/- 1 QRS/min) than in controls (13 +/- 1 QRS/min). Day and night heart rates were increased by pindolol, the increase in night heart rate being significantly greater (p less than 0.05) in patients with hyperthyroidism (23.4 +/- 4.9%) than in controls (11.6 +/- 2.6%). These results suggest that sinus tachycardia in hyperthyroidism is related to an increase in the number of myocardial beta-adrenoceptors. They also indicate that thyrotoxicosis should not be treated with beta-blockers possessing intrinsic sympathetic activity. PMID- 3156358 TI - [Obstructive calcification of the descending thoracic aorta and suprarenal abdominal aorta. 2 cases]. AB - Two cases of obstructive calcification of the aorta treated by surgery are reported. The disease is extremely rare, notably in the aortic segments involved in these two cases. Its clinical features were similar to those of coarctation. Intraluminal proliferative calcifications were present in the descending thoracic aorta of the first patient who underwent aortic resection with Dacron replacement prosthesis and in the suprarenal segment of the abdominal aorta of the second patient for whom an extra-anatomical bypass between the ascending aorta and the upper abdominal aorta was performed. The first patients remains with moderate arterial hypertension after 4 years; arterial pressure returned to normal in the second patient and is still normal after 15 months. PMID- 3156357 TI - [Cerebral tomoscintigraphy with N-isopropyl-p-I123-iodoamphetamine. Value in cerebral ischemic pathology]. AB - Thirty patients with previous cerebral ischaemic accident were explored by both computerized tomography (CT) and radionuclide tomography after injection of 123I labelled N-isopropyl-iodo-amphetamine. All lesions that were visible at CT were also visible at radionuclide tomography. However, in 7 patients with normal CT results the latter method showed areas of cerebral activity anatomically correlated with neurological signs or vascular lesions. Cerebellar diaschisis was observed in 50% of established lesions in the carotid territory. Radionuclide tomography therefore appears as a very sensitive method to be used in ischaemic pathology with transient or regressive accidents. PMID- 3156359 TI - [Treatment of human arterial hypertension. Role of calcium channel inhibitors]. AB - The vasoconstrictor effects of several hormonal systems, including catecholamines, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and vasopressin, are mediated by calcium. Calcium channel inhibitors acting on smooth muscle therefore exert a potent vasodilator effect which can be of benefit for the treatment of human arterial hypertension. Single doses of nifedipine or verapamil induce a rapid and pronounced fall in blood pressure and can be used as emergency treatments of acute, severe hypertension. Blood pressure response to these drugs can be predicted from a variety of parameters, such as peripheral arterial resistance, age and activation of the renin-angiotensin system. The anti hypertensive activity of calcium channel inhibitors is maintained in long-term treatments, whether they are administered alone or associated with one or two other drugs, as in hypertensions difficult to control. The advent of new compounds with long-lasting effects should encourage the development of this new category of anti-hypertensive agents. PMID- 3156360 TI - [Natural killer lymphocytes. Their role in pathology]. AB - Natural killer lymphocytes can spontaneously kill in vitro a variety of malignant cultured cells. NK cells are present in all normal individuals, and in some species (human, rats) present peculiar morphological features (large granular lymphocytes). They are usually lacking conventional T or B markers, but it appears likely that most NK cells actually are poorly mature cells belonging to the T cell lineage. The physiological control of NK activity is complex. A major role seems to be devoted to the production of interferon. The physiological roles of NK cells are still unknown: they might participate in the control of cell differentiation, in peculiar of hematopoietic precursors and thymocytes; they probably play a role as defense mechanisms during the first days of viral infections; they might be involved in bone-marrow allograft rejection and in acute graft-versus-host disease. However, their actual role in anti-tumor surveillance remains controversial, especially in humans. Nevertheless, NK cells might play some role in the surveillance against leukemias and lymphomas. NK cell defects could participate in the increased occurrence of lymphoproliferative disorders observed in immuno-suppressed patients. PMID- 3156361 TI - [Open approach to the subclavian vein for permanent cardiac stimulation]. AB - In 97.5% of 562 successive attempts, puncture of the subclavian vein to introduce permanent pacemaker electrodes was made easier and safer by the incisional technique described in this report. The very low incidence (0.35%) of traumatic pneumothorax and the absence, after a long follow-up, of any infection or exteriorization of the pacemaker chamber were the main advantages of this technical variant. PMID- 3156362 TI - [Peripheral neuropathy of the inflammatory polyradiculoneuritis-type in immune disorders, evoking the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3156363 TI - [Is antigen HLA-A2 a marker of allergic risk in young children?]. PMID- 3156365 TI - [Is calcification of the falx cerebri a sign of chondrocalcinosis?]. PMID- 3156364 TI - [Sodium cromoglycate in the treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis]. PMID- 3156366 TI - [Use of ketamine for epidural anesthesia]. PMID- 3156367 TI - [Cardiogenic shock caused by metoprolol poisoning. Reversibility with high doses of glucagon and isoproterenol]. PMID- 3156368 TI - [Interference of triiodothyroacetic acid in the radioimmunologic determination of triiodothyronine]. PMID- 3156369 TI - [Aortodigestive fistula]. PMID- 3156371 TI - [Isolated tuberculous perianal ulceration]. PMID- 3156370 TI - [Association of polymyositis and autoimmune thyroiditis with hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 3156372 TI - Diacylglycerols mimic phorbol diester induction of leukemic cell differentiation. AB - Activation of cellular protein kinase C appears to be involved in the mechanism by which phorbol diesters induce differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells (HL-60). Protein kinase C is thought to be physiologically activated by diacylglycerol derived from receptor-mediated phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis. sn 1,2-diacylglycerols with short saturated acyl side chains (C4-C10) were synthesized and found to be potent activators of protein kinase C partially purified from HL-60 cells. These diacylglycerols were also competitive inhibitors of [3H]phorbol dibutyrate binding to the soluble phorbol diester receptor. The most potent diacylglycerol, sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, displaced greater than 90% of [3H]phorbol dibutyrate from the phorbol diester receptor of intact HL-60 cells. Because of probable cellular metabolism of sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, hourly doses were required to maintain persistent occupancy of the phorbol diester binding site. Treatment of HL-60 cells with either phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol produced identical phosphoprotein changes. Finally, sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol induced differentiation of the HL-60 cells into cells with morphologic characteristics of macrophages. Substitution of the hydroxyl group at position 3 with a hydrogen, chloro, or sulfhydryl moiety inactivated sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol. These data strengthen the hypothesis that protein kinase C activation plays a role in macrophage differentiation. PMID- 3156373 TI - Effects of phorbol ester on catecholamine secretion and protein phosphorylation in adrenal medullary cell cultures. AB - The effects of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on catecholamine secretion and protein phosphorylation from intact and digitonin-treated chromaffin cells were investigated. PMA (10-300 nM), an activator of protein kinase C, caused a slow Ca2+-dependent release of catecholamine from intact chromaffin cells that was potentiated by the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin. PMA also enhanced secretion induced by Ba2+. In cells with plasma membranes rendered permeable by digitonin to Ca2+, ATP, and protein, PMA (100 nM) enhanced Ca2+-dependent secretion approximately 70% at 0.5 microM Ca2+ and 30% at 10 microM Ca2+. PMA enhanced the maximal response to Ca2+ approximately 25% and decreased the Ca2+ concentration required for half-maximal secretion approximately 30%. The effects of PMA on chromaffin cells were associated with a 2- to 3-fold increase in the phosphorylation of a 56-kDa protein that may be tyrosine hydroxylase. Other proteins were phosphorylated to a lesser extent. The experiments suggest that PMA increases protein kinase activity and secretion in chromaffin cells and raise the possibility that protein kinase C modulates catecholamine secretion in chromaffin cells. PMID- 3156374 TI - Interaction of the lambda site-specific recombination protein Xis with attachment site DNA. AB - Nuclease protection experiments show that Xis protein of bacteriophage lambda specifically binds attachment (att) site DNA. The region of Xis binding, present in both the phage att site and the right prophage att site, extends from position -102 to position -62 in the P arm. The sequence of this region, the positions of purines protected by Xis against methylation, and the binding of Xis to a resected att site indicate the presence of two binding sites. The postulated recognition elements, contained in 13-base-pair direct repeats separated by 7 base pairs, are situated on the same face of the DNA helix. Protection experiments performed with DNase I suggest that the DNA wraps around (or along the surface of) the bound Xis protein. The Xis binding data presented here establishes that Xis, like the other two proteins involved in lambda site specific recombination, interacts specifically with att DNA. This rules out that class of models in which the profound effects of Xis on the directionality of site-specific recombination are mediated solely through protein-protein interactions or modification of another protein. In addition, nuclease protection experiments with pairwise combinations of the proteins show that Xis and integration host factor (IHF), or Xis and Int, can bind simultaneously to either the phage or right prophage att sites, and the DNA sequences protected are the sum of those protected with each protein alone. It is therefore unlikely that the effect of Xis on the direction of recombination is exerted by directly blocking the binding of Int or IHF to one or more of their respective binding sites. PMID- 3156375 TI - Feedback regulation of rRNA and tRNA synthesis and accumulation of free ribosomes after conditional expression of rRNA genes. AB - We have constructed a conditional rRNA gene expression system by fusing a plasmid encoded rrnB operon to the lambda PL promoter/operator. It was thereby possible to study the events that lead to the regulation of chromosomal rRNA and tRNA synthesis after overproduction of rRNA. rRNA induction resulted in a 2-fold increase in 30S and 50S free ribosomal subunits, whereas the polysome fraction was unaffected. Overproduction of rRNA and "free" ribosomes produced a large repression of rRNA and tRNA synthesis from chromosomal genes and a smaller increase in the concentration of guanosine tetraphosphate. These results lend support to the ribosome feedback regulation model: rRNA and tRNA operons are negatively regulated, either directly or through some intermediate, by free, nontranslating ribosomes. PMID- 3156376 TI - A bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase/promoter system for controlled exclusive expression of specific genes. AB - The RNA polymerase gene of bacteriophage T7 has been cloned into the plasmid pBR322 under the inducible control of the lambda PL promoter. After induction, T7 RNA polymerase constitutes 20% of the soluble protein of Escherichia coli, a 200 fold increase over levels found in T7-infected cells. The overproduced enzyme has been purified to homogeneity. During extraction the enzyme is sensitive to a specific proteolysis, a reaction that can be prevented by a modification of lysis conditions. The specificity of T7 RNA polymerase for its own promoters, combined with the ability to inhibit selectively the host RNA polymerase with rifampicin, permits the exclusive expression of genes under the control of a T7 RNA polymerase promoter. We describe such a coupled system and its use to express high levels of phage T7 gene 5 protein, a subunit of T7 DNA polymerase. PMID- 3156377 TI - Altered Cro repressors from engineered mutagenesis of a synthetic cro gene. AB - A portion of the gene coding for the Cro repressor protein of bacteriophage lambda has been chemically synthesized, incorporating base pair changes that generate restriction endonuclease sites without altering the amino acid coding sequence. These restriction endonuclease sites were used to remove small segments of the synthetic cro gene and the segments were replaced with duplexes carrying desired mutations. Altered Cro proteins produced by mutants constructed in this manner were then assayed for binding to lambda operator OR3 in vivo. Mutations directed into the region of the cro gene encoding the alpha-3 helix produced altered Cro proteins with a range of affinities for operator DNA. These changes suggest which amino acids play an important role in Cro-OR3 complex formation. PMID- 3156378 TI - Tunicamycin blocks the incorporation of opsin into retinal rod outer segment membranes. AB - Isolated frog retinas were incubated with radiolabeled glycoprotein precursors in the presence or absence of tunicamycin (TM), a selective inhibitor of protein N glycosylation. In dual-label incubations, TM inhibited the incorporation of [3H]mannose into total retina Cl3CCOOH-precipitable material by 85% relative to controls, whereas incorporation of [14C]leucine was not significantly affected. In a companion single-label incubation, TM blocked the incorporation of [3H]leucine into rod outer segment (ROS) membrane Cl3CCOOH-precipitable material by 95% relative to controls. When retinas were labeled with [35S]methionine, fluorograms of NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels from control retinas and ROS membranes exhibited a heavily labeled component (apparent Mr approximately 37,000) which had the electrophoretic and antigenic properties of opsin, the rod visual pigment apoglycoprotein. TM-treated retinas exhibited a substantially reduced labeling of the Mr 37,000 component and incorporation of label into a component (apparent Mr approximately 32,000) not found in control retinas, which exhibited the electrophoretic and antigenic behavior of nonglycosylated opsin. ROS membranes isolated from TM-treated retinas contained neither the Mr 37,000 nor the Mr 32,000 radiolabeled species. Light-microscope autoradiograms of retinas incubated with [3H]leucine in the absence of TM exhibited bands of silver grains at the base of ROS, indicative of new membrane assembly. However, no such bands were observed in autoradiograms of TM-treated retinas. These results suggest that glycosylation of opsin is required for its incorporation into ROS membranes. PMID- 3156379 TI - Xenogeneic antiserum to soluble products from activated lymphoid cells inhibits interleukin 1-mediated functions in the helper pathway of cytolytic-effector-cell differentiation. AB - We have produced an antiserum that inhibits interleukin 1-mediated functions in immune responses. Skin graft-induced helper factor-containing supernatant (SgHFS) was used an immunogen in rats. The resultant antiserum was immunosuppressive of T cell functions both in vivo and in vitro. We have further studied the effects of this antiserum on cell surface molecules that are involved in the generation of cytolytic effector T cells. Rat anti-SgHFS inhibited the differentiation of precytolytic effector cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures by blocking the helper cell pathway. Both the level and the kinetics of interleukin 2 production were affected as the duration of rat anti-SgHFS pretreatment was increased. Interleukin 1 production after 24 hr in culture was unaffected. Monokines, including partially purified interleukin 1, actively compete with the rat anti SgHFS by activating helper cells and thus circumvent suppression. Rat anti-SgHFS inhibits interleukin-1-mediated functions by a time-dependent active process. Thus, the target cell surface molecule(s) affected by the rat anti-SgHFS are associated with interleukin 1 function and may be the interleukin 1 receptor. PMID- 3156382 TI - Adrenal and thyroid interactions of beta-endorphin-induced body temperature responses of rats at 24.5 degrees C. AB - The effect of beta-endorphin (beta-END) and the role of the adrenal and thyroid glands on body temperature were examined in male rats in a controlled environment room at 24.5 +/- 0.1 degrees C. Relative humidity of 50 +/- 0.3% and a 12L:12D photoperiod (L = 0900 to 2100 hr) were maintained. Rectal temperature (Tr) was measured using thermistors. Corticosterone and thyroid hormones were determined by radioimmunoassay. Intracerebroventricular (IVT) administration of varying doses (0.05 to 50.0 micrograms) of beta-END resulted in a hyperthermia that began 30 min post-IVT injection and continued for an additional hour. Intravenous injections of the same doses of beta-END resulted in little or no Tr response. The beta-END-induced hyperthermia was antagonized by intraperitoneal injection of naloxone. Pretreatment with propranolol, phenotolamine, or both drugs in combination did not block the hyperthermia caused by beta-END. Adrenalectomized or hypophysectomized rats receiving IVT injections of beta-END did not consistently display an increased Tr. beta-Endorphin administration had no detectable effect on serum corticosterone or thyroxine but serum triiodothyronine was decreased. These data suggest the acute hyperthermic action of beta-END is mediated centrally through opiate receptors and does not involve adrenergic receptors. PMID- 3156380 TI - The receptor for immunoglobulin E on rat basophilic leukemia cells: effect of ligand binding on receptor expression. AB - We have evaluated the effect of ligand binding on expression of the receptor for IgE on rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells. RBL cells were grown in the presence or absence of 131I-labeled IgE and sometimes were also surface labeled with 125I. We found that cells grown in the presence of IgE continued to accumulate receptors at the surface and thus the apparent amount of cell-associated IgE continued to increase. The results obtained suggest that, in the presence of IgE, the elimination of the receptor from the surface was halted or slowed significantly (approximately equal to 80%) while insertion into the membrane of previously synthesized receptor continued. PMID- 3156381 TI - Radioimmunoassay for 6-D-tryptophan analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone: measurement of serum levels after administration of long-acting microcapsule formulations. AB - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for [6-D-tryptophan]luteinizing hormone releasing hormone [( D-Trp6]LH-RH) was developed and used for following the rate of liberation of [D-Trp6]LH-RH from a long-acting delivery system based on a microcapsule formulation. Rabbit antibodies were generated against [D-Trp6]LH-RH conjugated to bovine serum albumin with glutaraldehyde. Crossreactivity with LH RH was less than 1%; there was no significant crossreactivity with other peptides. The minimal detectable dose of [D-Trp6]LH-RH was 2 pg per tube. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 8% and 10%, respectively. The radioimmunoassay was suitable for direct determination of [D-Trp6]LH-RH in serum, permitting the study of blood levels of the analog after single injections into normal men and after once-a-month administration of microcapsules to rats. In men, 90 min after subcutaneous injection of 250 micrograms of the peptide, serum [D-Trp6]LH-RH rose to 6-12 ng/ml. Luteinizing hormone was increased 90 min and 24 hr after the administration of the analog. Several batches of microcapsules were tested in rats and the rate of release of [D-Trp6]LH-RH was followed. The improved batch of microcapsules of [D-Trp6]LH-RH increased serum concentrations of the analog for 30 days or longer after intramuscular injection. This was accompanied by suppression of testosterone levels for more than 30 days. This radioimmunoassay should be of value for monitoring [D-Trp6]LH-RH during long-term therapy. PMID- 3156383 TI - Prolactin stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity in the mammary gland may involve an activation of protein kinase C. AB - Phorbol myristate acetate (TPA), a protein kinase C activator, stimulates ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in mammary gland explants derived from 12 14 day pregnant mice. The calcium ionophore A23187 similarly stimulates ODC activity. Maximally stimulatory concentrations of TPA and A-23187 produce additive responses. The prolactin (PRL) stimulation of ODC activity is nonadditive to that caused by TPA, A23187 or TPA plus A23187. These observations are compatible with the thesis that the stimulation of ODC activity by PRL may occur via an activation of protein kinase C. PMID- 3156384 TI - Studies into the dual effects of serotonergic pharmacological agents on female sexual behaviour in the rat: preliminary evidence that endogenous 5HT is stimulatory. AB - The potential stimulatory and inhibitory effects on female sexual behaviour of five 5HT antagonists and five agents that increase 5HT activity, were noted in ovariectomised rats primed with various steroid regimes such that they were either "receptive" (LQ greater than 50%) or "non-receptive" (LQ less than 50%). The 5HT antagonists cinanserin, mianserin, ketanserin and metergoline all inhibited behaviour in receptive rats. Methysergide and cinanserin stimulated behaviour in non-receptive rats. All the drugs which increased 5HTP activity, i.e., 5HTP, zimelidine, alaproclate, WY 26002 and quipazine stimulated sex behaviour in non-receptive rats. In rats that had been ovariectomised only, part of this effect was probably due to stimulation of adrenal progesterone, but a significant stimulatory effect could still be observed in ovariectomised adrenalectomised rats. 5HT also had a significant inhibitory effect on receptive rats, and the other agonists showed a similar but non-significant tendency. In view of the fact that 4 out of 5 of the 5HT antagonists inhibited sexual behaviour, we hypothesise that 5HT has a stimulatory role in the control of female sexual behaviour. The possible mechanisms mediating the dual action of 5HTP on female sexual behaviour are discussed. PMID- 3156385 TI - Opposing effects of the polycation hexadimethrine (polybrene) on normal and leukemic lymphocytes. AB - The polycationic compound hexadimethrine has opposing effects on normal and leukemic murine lymphocytes. This polycation significantly stimulated the DNA synthetic response of murine spleen cells to alloantigens, whereas, at the same concentration, proliferation of the leukemic cell line, L1210, was inhibited. Other polycations tested did not show this effect. The hexadimethrine had no significant effect on the rejection rate of histoincompatible skin grafts in mice. Low concentrations did inhibit the growth of the L1210 leukemia cells in DBA/2J mice. PMID- 3156386 TI - Androgens and effects of opioids and catecholamines on the smooth muscle of the rat vas deferens. PMID- 3156387 TI - Reduction of a lumbar disk lesion using the wedge maneuver. A clinical report. PMID- 3156389 TI - Vascular supply to abdominal wall. PMID- 3156388 TI - Device for carrying a physically handicapped child. Suggestion from the field. PMID- 3156390 TI - Therapists with disabilities: theoretical and clinical issues. AB - Disability as a characteristic of the therapist needs to be addressed for several reasons. First, substantial evidence indicates that people without visible disabilities or physical differences regard persons who diverge from ideals of physical perfection and norms of physical acceptability with a variety of emotions which--at the very least--alter ordinary social interaction. Second, the psychoanalytic literature on therapy with disabled patients and the developmental literature about people with disabilities reinforce the generally negative or ambivalent attitudes about the mental well-being and potential for productivity and intimacy of people with disabilities. As a consequence of both general acculturation and professional training in psychology and psychoanalysis, professionals in charge of admissions have frequently denied competent disabled people the graduate education which is prerequisite to psychoanalytic training and professional employment. Mental health practitioners who make up the training committees of analytic institutes have frequently been reluctant to accept a disabled candidate for psychotherapy or psychoanalytic training. Once trained, many disabled clinicians have faced hurdles in obtaining employment, in advancing within their profession, in being selected as faculty members or supervisors, and even in obtaining referrals from nondisabled colleagues. After briefly describing the literature on attitudes of the nondisabled toward people with physical impairments, we will present the reasons for the reluctance to train disabled people as therapists. We will include material on how disabled people work with their disabilities in the analytic process and will bring in analogies to practitioners who are members of racial or cultural minority groups. PMID- 3156391 TI - Effects of atomic bomb radiation on the differentiation of B lymphocytes and on the function of concanavalin A-induced suppressor T lymphocytes. AB - The differentiation of peripheral blood B lymphocytes into immunoglobulin producing cells (Ig-PC) by pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and the function of concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressor T lymphocytes were examined to elucidate the late effects of atomic bomb radiation. A total of 140 individuals, 70 with an exposure dose of 100 rad or more and an equal number with an exposure dose of 0 rad matched by sex and age, were selected from the Nagasaki Adult Health Study (AHS) sample. Both the differentiation of peripheral blood B lymphocytes into Ig-PC by PWM and the function of Con A-induced suppressor T lymphocytes tended to be more depressed in the exposed group than in the control group, but a statistically significant difference could not be observed between the two groups. The function of Con A-induced suppressor T lymphocytes tended to decrease with age, but a statistical significance was detected only for percentage suppression against IgM-PC. PMID- 3156392 TI - [Reaction of an osteoclast population to ionizing radiation]. AB - It was established by the method of the osteoclast prints prepared from a distal part of femur that osteoclasts are highly radioresistant cells with Do=8.35 Gy. The postirradiation study of the nuclei distribution and the osteoclast quantity showed that the histogenesis of young cell forms changed and the total number of osteoclasts decreased. This was probably connected with a change in the hormonal status of the exposed body or with the direct effect of radiation on cells precursors of osteoclasts. PMID- 3156393 TI - Intrathoracic manifestations of sickle cell disease. AB - A retrospective analysis of 50 patients with sickle cell disease was performed. The majority of patients was admitted because of sickle cell crisis, pneumonia or congestive heart failure. Global cardiomegaly, pulmonary vascular engorgement, pneumonia and infiltrative lung parenchymal abnormalities were encountered. Our study shows a very high prevalence of intrathoracic abnormalities in patients afflicted with sickle cell disease. PMID- 3156394 TI - [Does myosin ATPase involve only one kind of active site?]. PMID- 3156395 TI - Pulmonary hypertension induced in rats by monocrotaline and chronic hypoxia is reduced by p-chlorophenylalanine. AB - We have studied the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in monocrotaline pulmonary hypertension and chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats using p chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) which inhibits 5-HT synthesis. We measured right ventricular mean systolic pressure (Prvs), right ventricular hypertrophy, medial thickness of muscular pulmonary arteries, and muscularization of pulmonary arterioles 17 days after a single dose of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg) and after 26 days of chronic hypobaric hypoxia (380 mm Hg). In monocrotaline pulmonary hypertension, pretreatment with PCPA (500 mg/kg) was associated with significant reductions (p less than 0.05) in Prvs (29%), right ventricular hypertrophy (33%), and medial thickness of muscular pulmonary arteries (14%). In chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, pretreatment with PCPA was associated with significant reductions in Prvs (20%), right ventricular hypertrophy (28%), medial thickness of muscular pulmonary arteries (14%), and muscularization of pulmonary arterioles (47%). 5-HT may play a role in the development of monocrotaline pulmonary hypertension and chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats. PMID- 3156396 TI - Volume overload hypertrophy elicited by cold and its effects on myocardial capillarity. AB - Capillarity and fiber cross-sectional areas were measured in the hearts of guinea pigs exposed to cold early during growth. Twelve male guinea pigs were kept at 5 +/- 1 degrees C for 4-18 weeks. Hearts were perfusion fixed via the aorta with a 2.5% glutaraldehyde, 1% formaldehyde-buffered solution, blocks were cut from left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles, post-fixed in OsO4, dehydrated and embedded in Spurr medium. Blocks were cut transversely to fiber orientation, 0.5 micron thick, stained with Toluidine Blue and photographed at 400 x. Heart weights, number and location of capillaries and fiber cross-sectional areas (FCSA) were measured in cold-acclimated animals and in normothermic controls. Growth rates for all guinea pigs were similar. Acclimation to cold caused modest LV and RV hypertrophy. The greater LV weight seemed due to longer fibers of normal FCSA, whereas the greater RV weight was due to larger FCSA. Capillary density, capillary-to-fiber ratio and number of capillaries around the fibers were similar in the two groups of animals. Mean and maximal diffusion distances in cold acclimated animals were not different from controls. Thus the myocardial hypertrophy induced by chronic volume overload was fully compensated for by increases in capillarity commensurate with increases in fiber girth. PMID- 3156397 TI - [Evaluation of body damage of traumatic origin]. PMID- 3156398 TI - Cyclosporin A (CyA) does not enhance CFU-c growth in patients with severe aplastic anaemia. AB - 8 patients with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) in remission following immunosuppressive therapy were studied for CFU-c growth from unfractionated or E rosette depleted (E-) bone marrow (BM) cells. Cyclosporin A (CyA) was added to unfractionated BM cells at a concentration of 1000 ng/ml. The mean number of CFU c/10(5) BM cells plated was 6 +/- 6 from unfractionated BM cells, 28 +/- 20 from E-BM cells, and 8 +/- 7 from unfractionated BM cells supplemented with CyA. All patients had significant increase of CFU-c growth after E rosette depletion (overall P = 0.002). On the contrary, only 1 patient showed an increase of CFU-c growth after addition of CyA, and overall there was no difference between untreated and CyA treated BM cells (P = 0.7). These results suggest that addition of CyA to BM cells in vitro is not an effective means of enhancing CFU-c growth in SAA patients. PMID- 3156399 TI - T-cell subsets in malignant lymphomas and monoclonal gammopathies. AB - 159 patients with malignant lymphomas or monoclonal gammopathies were investigated for lymphocytes and their subsets using conventional surface markers and a panel of monoclonal antibodies. In untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin lymphomas and multiple myeloma, (MM) a reduction of T-cells and especially of the "helper/inducer" subset (OKT4+) was found to be a common phenomenon. The major abnormalities occurred in advanced stages of disease. Patients previously treated by chemo- and/or radiotherapy had a further decrease of T-cells, whereas the loss of OKT4+ cells was more pronounced than that of the "suppressor/cytotoxic" lymphocytes (OKT8+). The alterations of lymphocyte subsets persisted even in long-term remitters. Comparing the lymphocyte subsets in MM and benign monoclonal gammopathies (BMG), patients with BMG showed a significant reduction in OKT8+ cells, whereas the OKT4+ population was within normal range, resulting in a significant elevation of the OKT4/OKT8-ratio compared to the controls and untreated multiple myeloma. PMID- 3156400 TI - Non-immune IgG F(ab')2 binding to group C and G streptococci is mediated by structures on gamma chains. AB - The present investigation was designed to determine whether the heavy or the light immunoglobulin chain is involved in the non-immune binding of IgG F(ab')2 fragments to specific surface receptors on human group C and G streptococci. Purified human polyclonal IgG was mildly reduced with dithiothreitol and alkylated with iodoacetamide. Light (L) and heavy (H) chains were separated. Intact IgG and purified L and H chains of polyclonal immunoglobulin G were tested in an inhibition assay for non-immune IgG F(ab')2-mediated binding to group C and G streptococci. H chains inhibited the uptake of isotope-labelled IgG F(ab')2 fragments. Isolated L chains were non-reactive. Intact IgG molecules were more potent inhibitors than isolated H chains tested in equimolar concentrations. These results indicate that the non-immune interaction between human group C and G streptococci and F(ab')2 fragments of human IgG is mediated by reactive sites exposed on the immunoglobulin G H chains. The observation that intact IgG on a molar basis was more inhibitory than purified gamma chains suggests that the L chains may contribute to the reactivity, presumably by passive stabilization of the immunoglobulin molecule. PMID- 3156401 TI - H-2-linked Ir genes have a striking influence on the immunogenicity of idiotopes of myeloma protein 315 for T helper cells. AB - H-2-linked immune response (Ir) genes control T helper cells (Th) that recognize idiotopes of the V domains of myeloma protein 315 as carriers; Th recognition was detected by augmentation of antibody responses of hapten (4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5 nitrophenylacetyl (NIP]-primed B cells boosted with NIP conjugated to Fab315. The present study indicates that the responder k allele of the Ir VH315 gene maps to the I-A subregion of H-2. A responder s allele of the Ir V lambda 2(315) gene on an A-strain background was identified, which also most likely maps to I-A. Although the d allele of the Ir V lambda 2(315) gene is a responder allele on DBA/2 background, the D2.GD strain (with I-region haplotype AdBbJbEbCb) was non responder to V lambda 2(315), suggesting either that the responder d allele maps to I-E or that the b allele of a second Ir V lambda 2(315) gene located to the right of I-A exerts a strong suppressive influence. The H-2b haplotype conferred non-responsiveness to VH315, V lambda 2(315), and Fv315. PMID- 3156402 TI - [Immunologic laboratory tests in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and suspected AIDS]. AB - Since AIDS-specific laboratory tests are not yet commercially available, laboratory diagnoses of AIDS or of the AIDS-related complex (ARC) are based on "surrogate markers". While single tests are of limited diagnostic value, test combinations are of greater help. However, these tests should be applied restrictively and stepwise. The following parameters were analyzed in respect of their diagnostic and differential-diagnostic value: absolute number of lymphocytes, delayed type hypersensitivity skin tests to seven recall antigens, beta-2-microglobulin, serum-neopterin, C-reactive protein, complement factor B, circulating immune complexes, immunoglobulins, hepatitis B markers, and the ratio of T helper to T suppressor cells. 14 AIDS patients, 11 ARC patients, 23 healthy homosexuals, 6 iv drug users, 6 hemophiliacs and 35 patients with various other disorders were investigated. To analyse the value of a given test or of test combinations in the diagnosis of AIDS and ARC, a discrimination index was introduced and defined as the difference between the percentage of pathological values in one patient group compared to the percentage of pathological values in the other group. A discrimination index of 100 means that a given test is pathologic in all members of one group and negative in all members of the other group. A discrimination index of 60 may mean 80% of pathological values in one group versus 20% in the other. To distinguish AIDS patients from ARC patients the test combination yielding the highest mean discrimination index included serum neopterin, complement factor B and C-reactive protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3156403 TI - [Fibromuscular renovascular hypertension: comparison of surgery, transluminal dilatation and drug therapy]. AB - 82 patients with fibromuscular renovascular hypertension have been studied. 33 patients were treated surgically (group I), 28 underwent transluminal dilation (group II) and 21 received drug treatment (group III). After a follow-up period of 2.5 (0.1-7) years, blood pressure in group I had decreased from 207 +/- 27/128 +/- 17 mm Hg to 135 +/- 15/85 +/- 9 mm Hg after surgery (p less than 0.001). 1.3 (0.1-4) years after dilation, group II showed a decrease of blood pressure from 174 +/- 25/107 +/- 13 mm Hg to 143 +/- 26/88 +/- 12 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). Blood pressure in group III decreased under drug therapy from 203 +/- 41/122 +/- 16 mm Hg to 146 +/- 19/92 +/- 8 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). 52% of the surgical patients and 50% of the dilated patients were cured, whereas 45% and 39% respectively were improved and 3% and 11% respectively did not improve. In group III, under antihypertensive drug therapy, blood pressure normalized in 62% of the patients, 33% showed better values and 5% did not improve. The complication rate was 11% in group I and 3.3% in group II. In two patients dilation was technically impossible. In group III one patient (4.8%) showed a massive but reversible increase of serum creatinine under captopril. In 70% of all patients the renal vein renin ratio was greater than or equal to 1.5. However, this ratio was unreliable as a parameter to predict the blood pressure decrease with curative methods. It is concluded from the above that all three methods offered good to very good results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3156404 TI - Muscle contraction and free energy transduction in biological systems. AB - Muscle contraction occurs when the actin and myosin filaments in muscle are driven past each other by a cyclic interaction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and actin with cross-bridges that extend from myosin. Current biochemical studies suggest that, during each adenosine triphosphatase cycle, the myosin cross-bridge alternates between two main conformations, which differ markedly in their strength of binding to actin and in their overall structure. Binding of ATP to the cross-bridge induces the weak-binding conformation, whereas inorganic phosphate release returns the cross-bridge to the strong-binding conformation. This cross-bridge cycle is similar to the kinetic cycle that drives active transport and illustrates the general principles of free energy transduction by adenosine triphosphatase systems. PMID- 3156406 TI - Thermosensitivity of a DNA recognition site: activity of a truncated nutL antiterminator of coliphage lambda. AB - Antitermination is an important transcriptional control. In bacteriophage lambda, the presence of the nut antiterminators between the promoters and terminators results in relatively unhindered transcription when the lambda N gene product and necessary host factors are supplied. This antitermination system has been rendered thermosensitivity by modification of the nut site. A fragment of lambda DNA [74 base pairs (bp) in length]that contained the 17-bp nutL core sequence, but lacked the 8-bp boxA sequence, was cloned in a pp-N-tL1-galK plasmid between the pp promoter and gene N. This fragment mediated antitermination of transcription at 30 degrees C, as measured by assaying galK gene expression in Escherichia coli. At 42 degrees C, however, antitermination at the lambda tL1 terminator was abolished. Antitermination at 42 degrees C was restored by replacing the 74-bp nutL fragment with longer sequences containing both nutL and boxA or by cloning a synthetic boxA sequence ahead of the 74-bp nutL fragment. Thus, efficient antitermination required both boxA and the 17-bp nutL core, with the latter becoming conditionally defective when the boxA sequence was deleted. PMID- 3156405 TI - Effect of vanadate on elevated blood glucose and depressed cardiac performance of diabetic rats. AB - The trace element vanadium has an unclear biological function. Vanadate, an oxidized form of vanadium, appears to have an insulin-like action. The effect of vanadate on blood glucose and cardiac performance was assessed in female Wistar rats 6 weeks after they were made diabetic with streptozotocin. When vanadate was administered for a 4-week period to the diabetic rats, their blood glucose was not significantly different from that of nondiabetic controls despite a low serum insulin. In contrast, blood glucose was increased about threefold in the diabetic rats that were not treated with vanadate; these rats also had low insulin levels. Cardiac performance was depressed in the untreated diabetic animals, but the cardiac performance of the vanadate-treated diabetic animals was not significantly different from that of nondiabetic controls. Thus vanadate controlled the high blood glucose and prevented the decline in cardiac performance due to diabetes. PMID- 3156407 TI - Consistency of rule application to inmates in long-term treatment institutions. PMID- 3156408 TI - Complex thoracic wounds: muscle and musculocutaneous anatomy in closure. AB - Closure of the infected sternotomy has been facilitated by the use of the pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap and has been well described. This paper describes six cases of more complex infected thoracotomies and the methods of closure. Knowledge of the dual blood supply of many of the thoracic musculocutaneous units is important in closure of these difficult thoracic wounds. The axial and segmental blood supply of the large flat muscles of the chest wall can be exploited to satisfy complex defects involving both vertical and transverse thoracotomy incisions and therefore decrease the risk of progressive infection and erosion of major vascular structures. PMID- 3156410 TI - After Baby Doe. PMID- 3156409 TI - Subclavian steal. PMID- 3156411 TI - [Effectiveness of the dispensary care for patients with chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases]. PMID- 3156412 TI - [Means of improving polyclinic care]. PMID- 3156413 TI - [Structure and incidence of allergic diseases in children]. PMID- 3156414 TI - [Smoking incidence among medical institute students]. PMID- 3156415 TI - [Means of improving the interaction between the medical consultation commission and the medical work disability commission]. PMID- 3156416 TI - [J. Cihac--outstanding physician and naturalist of Moldavia]. PMID- 3156417 TI - [Prevention of chronic nonspecific lung diseases among rural laborers]. PMID- 3156418 TI - [Health maintenance among children during the neonatal period]. PMID- 3156419 TI - [Economic efficiency of treating arterial hypertension patients]. PMID- 3156420 TI - [Activities of the Leningrad party organization for rendering nation-wide assistance to wounded and sick soldiers]. PMID- 3156421 TI - [Health resorts of Abkhaziia during the war years]. PMID- 3156422 TI - [125th anniversary of the V. I. Lenin Hospital]. PMID- 3156423 TI - [Nikolai Ivanovich Teziakov (on the 125th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3156424 TI - Two cytoplasmically inherited oligomycin-resistant Chinese hamster cell lines exhibit an altered mitochondrial translation product. AB - Mitochondria from two different cytoplasmically inherited oligomycin-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell lines synthesize an altered polypeptide compared to mitochondria from wild-type cells. For example, mitochondria from both oligomycin resistant cell lines synthesize a polypeptide with a molecular weight of approximately 20,500, which is present in very low amounts in wild-type cells. In contrast, mitochondria from wild-type cells synthesize a polypeptide with a molecular weight of approximately 19,500, which is present in very low amounts in one of the oligomycin-resistant mutants and in reduced amounts in the other mutant. The gene which encodes this altered polypeptide is cytoplasmically transferred together with the oligomycin-resistant phenotype. This is the first example in mammalian cells where an altered mitochondrial gene product is shown to be associated with the cytoplasmic transfer of oligomycin resistance. PMID- 3156425 TI - The changing institutions. PMID- 3156426 TI - Foreign body in the oral cavity. PMID- 3156427 TI - Dental services for persons with developmental disabilities: a curriculum for general practice residents. PMID- 3156428 TI - Dental management of the autistic child. PMID- 3156429 TI - Acute intermittent porphyria: clinical management and report of case. PMID- 3156430 TI - Treatment of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome with chemotherapy: report of cases. PMID- 3156431 TI - Renal artery problems. PMID- 3156432 TI - The "lead-induced colic" syndrome in lead intoxication. AB - Lead has a multiplicity of biologic effects. The universal occurrence of lead accounts for the continuous appearance of new instances of human lead poisoning. The most common and one of the earliest manifestations of lead intoxication in the adult is so-called lead-induced colic, which is a syndrome with a multiplicity of clinical patterns and at least three possible different pathogenic mechanisms. It may be caused by changes in the visceral smooth muscle tone secondary to the action of lead on the visceral autonomic nervous system, lead-induced alterations in sodium transport in the small-intestinal mucosa, and lead-induced interstitial pancreatitis. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain of obscure etiology and whenever a disparity is observed between the symptoms and the abdominal findings in a patient with abdominal pain, especially in the presence of a history of occupational exposure to lead. PMID- 3156433 TI - The piggyback versus--type D hepatitis. PMID- 3156434 TI - [Ketoconazole in onychomycosis]. PMID- 3156436 TI - Histocompatibility antigen and passenger cell content of normal and diseased human cornea. AB - The outcome of clinical corneal transplantation depends on the degree of vascularization and inflammation present in the graft bed at the time of the operation, but the reason for this is unclear. Normal, diseased, and rejected human corneas have been examined with an immunoperoxidase staining procedure, employing monoclonal antibodies to class I and II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and to other leukocyte markers. In particular, departures from normal in the expression of MHC antigens and in the passenger cell distribution in the diseased or rejected corneas were sought. MHC antigen expression did not alter with inflammation, vascularization, or rejection. However, dendritic-like passenger cells, which were found in low numbers throughout the central stroma of normal cornea as well as in basal epithelium, significantly increased in number in vascularized corneas. We suggest that the breakdown of corneal privilege in vascularized eyes may reflect the increased number of accessory cells in the graft bed. PMID- 3156435 TI - A histochemical study of cerebral cortical vessels and ganglionic vessels of the caudatoputamen in aging normotensive rats. AB - The goal was to describe the metabolic profile of ganglionic and cortical arteries and arterioles in aging normotensive male rats. Five enzymes indicative of key metabolic pathways in the vessel walls were semiquantitatively evaluated using bright-field histochemical microscopy. Lactate dehydrogenase showed significant reactivity which increased with vessel diameter in cortical and ganglionic vessels in all age groups tested. Succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase showed little reactivity in both cortical and ganglionic vessels, suggesting a reduced role for aerobic metabolic pathways. Myosin ATPase reactivity was high in cortical and ganglionic vessels. Only this enzyme showed an increased reactivity that was correlated with the age and diameter of the vessel. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reactivity was more pronounced in cortical than ganglionic vessels, suggesting that the hexose-monophosphate-shunt may be more active in the cortical vessels. There were no regional differences in enzyme reactivity throughout the caudatoputamen. In conclusion, both the cortical and ganglionic vessels are metabolically active, with significant anaerobic glycolysis, and reduced, but observable capacity for aerobic metabolism. The decreased myosin ATPase reactivity and the low level of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reactivity in the ganglionic arterioles of senescent rats may contribute to the susceptibility of these vessels to cerebrovascular accidents. PMID- 3156437 TI - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with related donors other than HLA MLC matched siblings, and the use of antithymocyte globulin, prednisone, and methotrexate for prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease. AB - Fifteen patients ranging in age from 1-29 years (median age 9 years) had bone marrow transplantations (BMT) from related donors other than HLA mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) identical siblings. Donors were selected on the basis of HLA similarity and low reactivity in the MLC. Posttransplant immunosuppression consisting of methotrexate (MTX), antithymocyte globulin (ATG), and prednisone was used in an effort to decrease graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Seven children were treated for aplastic anemia, 7 for hematologic malignancy, and 1 for osteopetrosis. Primary engraftment failure contributed to death in 3 patients, all of whom had aplastic anemia. Nine of 12 engrafted patients developed moderate-to-severe acute graft-versus-host disease. Of the 15 patients, 7 developed interstitial pneumonitis. Three patients demonstrated mixed chimerism (at or beyond 3 months posttransplant). Two of the seven patients treated for aplastic anemia are currently alive six months and more than five years posttransplant; the latter patient has chronic GVHD. Four of the seven patients treated for hematologic malignancy are currently alive more than 500 days posttransplantation. Three have chronic GVHD. Analysis of patient outcome according to the degree of similarity in histocompatibility testing revealed that patients with low reactivity in the MLC (less than 5% relative response in both directions) had a better prognosis (5/6, 83% long-term survival) than patients with maximum donor vs. recipient mixed lymphocyte culture relative response greater than 5% (1/9, 12% long-term survival), P = .016. PMID- 3156438 TI - A naturally occurring bone-marrow-chimeric primate. I. Integrity of its immune system. AB - The New World primate species Saguinus oedipus, the cotton-top tamarin, has a high incidence of spontaneously occurring adenocarcinoma of the colon and develops a fatal lymphoproliferative syndrome following infection with various herpes viruses. Some investigators have linked such disease susceptibilities to abnormalities in the immune function of the cotton-top tamarin that may result from the natural bone marrow chimerism that occurs in this species. The present studies were initiated to establish conditions for studying the immune system of these primates and to assess the integrity of this system. First, we document the state of bone marrow chimerism of S oedipus. We then show that standard in vitro assays of lymphocyte function can be done with cells from this animal. Proliferative T cell assays, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assays, and measurements of CTL precursor frequency all indicate that the immune system of this animal functions normally. Finally, we demonstrate in vitro the tolerance of lymphocytes from one S oedipus for the cells of its twin. The ability to manipulate tamarin blood cells in vitro will allow future investigation into mechanisms of immune tolerance and major histocompatibility complex restrictions on cell cooperation in this species. PMID- 3156440 TI - [Decrease in occurrence of Down's syndrome in Denmark 1980-1982. The effect of prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 3156439 TI - Studies of the role of the thymic environment in the induction of tolerance to MHC antigens. PMID- 3156441 TI - Quantitative bone scan and bone metastases in prostatic cancer. AB - Bone scan is an essential method of investigation for the detection of metastases; it is also used to follow the evolution of the disease and the response to treatment in prostatic cancer. The authors tried a bone scan quantification method to better evaluate the efficiency of hormonal treatment. 28 patients were followed up by this method. Taken as a whole, quantitative scans show results very similar to those of standard scans. However, there are some differences between the two methods of interpretation. The quantitative method seems to be more effective. PMID- 3156442 TI - Infarction-nephrectomy for metastatic renal carcinoma. Southwest oncology group study. AB - Thirty patients with metastatic renal cell cancer were treated by renal infarction, followed by delayed nephrectomy. All cases were collected over an eighteen-month period, with a minimum follow-up of one year. There were no complete remissions and only one partial remission, which lasted twenty-one months before progression of disease. Three patients had stable disease for at least six months, but eventually all patients showed evidence of progression. After tumor progression was documented patients were treated with intramuscular medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) 800 mg per week. No patient responded to this therapy. Overall, a 28 per cent one-year survival and a seven-month median survival were realized, which is similar to other series in which no therapy or palliative nephrectomy was performed. We conclude that infarction and nephrectomy is not an effective modality in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. In addition, medroxyprogesterone was not shown to be significantly active against renal cancer in this study. PMID- 3156443 TI - Ocular lesions of 6-aminonicotinamide toxicosis in rabbits. AB - 6-Aminonicotinamide, an antimetabolite of nicotinamide, given by intraperitoneal injection produced diarrhea, ascending paresis/paralysis, death, and bilateral ocular alterations in both sexes of New Zealand white and Dutch belted rabbits. Ocular vascular lesions consisted of iridal congestion with iridal hemorrhage and associated acute iritis and aqueous flare in some rabbits. Cytoplasmic swelling, vacuolation, and loss of staining affinity that represented hydropic change were present in both layers of ciliary epithelium and the inner layer of iridal epithelium. Cells in the outer layer of the iridal processes and the ciliary ridge, were most severely affected. Vacuoles were also present in the retinal pigment epithelium and scattered throughout the outer plexiform layer of the retina with a few in the inner and outer nuclear layers. Ocular alterations were prevented by simultaneous administration of nicotinamide and their development appeared related to nicotinamide deficiency. No ocular alterations were caused by nicotinamide administration alone. PMID- 3156444 TI - Relationship between date of spring turnout and lungworm infection in calves. PMID- 3156445 TI - ConA induced suppressor cells in scrapie-infected mice. AB - Lymphocyte suspensions prepared from the spleens of mice (LACG/COM) clinically affected with scrapie (ME7) were cultured for 48 hrs in the presence of Concanavalin (ConA) in order to induce suppressor cells. These cells behaved exactly as similarly prepared cells from normal age-matched mice in suppressing the response of fresh normal splenic lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). PMID- 3156446 TI - Evidence of decreased concanavalin A induced suppressor cell activity in the peripheral blood and pulmonary lymph nodes of sheep with ovine progressive pneumonia. AB - Concanavalin A (Con A) induced suppressor cell activity was evaluated in a group of ovine progressive pneumonia virus-antibody positive sheep (OPPV+). Decreased levels of suppressor activity were observed in the peripheral blood and regional pulmonary lymph nodes of animals with clinical and pathological evidence of ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) when compared to animals with no lesions and animals with caseous lymphadenitis involving the lungs and pulmonary lymph nodes. Decreased levels of Con A stimulated lymphocyte proliferation was also observed in the peripheral blood and iliac lymph nodes of sheep with OPP. Sheep with OPP were found to be hypogammaglobulinemic. Sera from OPPV+ sheep had no effect on T and B cell mitogen stimulated responses of lymphocytes from sheep seronegative for antibodies to ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV-) when compared to normal sheep serum. PMID- 3156447 TI - Involvement of the htpR gene product of Escherichia coli in phage lambda development. AB - Growth of phage lambda at high temperature requires a functional htpR host gene. The stages of the phage growth cycle shown to be dependent on htpR gene function include prophage excision and particle morphogenesis. Two types of morphogenetic abnormalities have been detected. One is a defect in phage tail assembly that results from a deficiency in tail fibers even though gpJ is produced. The severity of this defect is phage-strain specific. The second morphogenetic defect is less clearly defined, but results in formation of aberrant phage head structures. These abnormalities in lambda reproduction are presumed to be caused by the absence in htpR mutant host cells at high temperature of one or more of the heat-shock proteins of Escherichia coli whose synthesis is known to be regulated by the htpR gene. PMID- 3156448 TI - [Infusion therapy and correction of hypovolemia during the medical evacuation of surgical patients]. PMID- 3156449 TI - [Physiological reaction in humans after flight to a region with a tropical climate]. PMID- 3156451 TI - [Thyroid cancer in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3156452 TI - Documentation needs of the Social Security Administration Disability Programs. PMID- 3156450 TI - [Comparative analysis of immune response indices in lung cancer]. AB - In 43 patients with cancer of the lung, a number of immunologic indexes were evaluated including lymphocyte response to PHA, lymphokine production, serum immunoglobulin levels and the regulatory effect of sera and T-lymphocytes on lymphokine production. No significant deficiency in T- and B-lymphocytes was registered in patients with stage I-III cancer, nor any rise in TG cell level was in evidence. The response to PHA was low; however, the capacity to produce lymphokines in the presence of allogeneic or autologous tumor antigens was unimpaired. Purified T- and TG-cells isolated from blood or tumor tissue suppressed immune response in leukocyte migration inhibition test. However, this effect was not related to the increase in levels of these cells in the circulation. The autologous sera of practically all tumor-sensitized patients exerted a blocking effect in vitro. This effect was related neither to levels of serum immunoglobulins, nor to those of blood TG cells. PMID- 3156453 TI - [Histologic, immunohistologic and enzyme histochemical findings in endangitis obliterans]. PMID- 3156454 TI - Laser Doppler flux monitored cutaneous response to local cooling and heating. PMID- 3156455 TI - [Morphometric and stereological analysis of myocardial hypertrophy of different etiologies]. PMID- 3156456 TI - [The socialist way of life and public health]. PMID- 3156457 TI - [Studies on the reactivity, safety and immunogenicity of the polyvalent subunit "Grippovak SE-Azh" influenza vaccine in boarding houses for the elderly and disabled]. PMID- 3156458 TI - [Adenohypophyseal and gonadal functions in acne vulgaris patients]. PMID- 3156460 TI - [Clinical and immunological characteristics of erythrodermal lymphomas of the skin]. PMID- 3156459 TI - [Verruca seborrheica (the problems of its clinical picture, pathogenesis, morphology and therapy)]. PMID- 3156461 TI - [Skin pathology at an automobile plant]. PMID- 3156462 TI - [Immunological and electrophysiological indices of elderly rubromycosis patients]. PMID- 3156463 TI - [Genetics and society]. AB - The incidence of genetic abnormalities in our population is rather high. About one out of 13 liveborn children will sooner or later suffer from a fully or partially genetically determined malformation or disease. With the use of numerical models ist has been attempted to predict the dysgenic effects of modern medicine and medical genetics in the next few generations of the Swiss population. Modern medical treatment will result foremost in an increase of multifactorial diseases and malformations. However, the impact on society will probably be smaller than the actual burden of chronic genetic diseases. In many families prenatal diagnosis will be the only way to obtain healthy children. On the other hand, substantial reduction of abnormal offspring can only be achieved by a prospective mass screening, a procedure which at the present time is neither feasible nor acceptable. PMID- 3156464 TI - Efficacy of the ejector flow-meter. A scavenging device for anaesthetic gases. AB - Measurements of air concentrations of nitrous oxide and halothane in the breathing zone of the anaesthetist and the operating-room nurse were carried out during inhalation anaesthesia with a Mapleson D system. Gas removal was performed from inside the breathing system at the same rate as that of the fresh gas inflow by means of an ejector flow-meter. The concentrations of nitrous oxide and halothane were maintained below the Danish Threshold Limit Values of 100 and 5 parts per million, respectively, by using this type of scavenging. When these anaesthetics were used simultaneously, the reduced Threshold Limit Values were not exceeded during endotracheal anaesthesia. PMID- 3156465 TI - Isotretinoin teratogenicity. Case report with neuropathologic findings. AB - Isotretinoin, a drug used for the treatment of acne, has been shown to have teratogenic effects. We report an additional case of isotretinoin teratogenicity in which the patient had agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, multiple leptomeningeal neuroglial heterotopias, hydrocephalus, and abnormalities of the corticospinal tracts. These findings are related to those reported previously. PMID- 3156466 TI - The laser Doppler flowmeter for measuring microcirculation in human nasal mucosa. AB - A new technique, based on the laser doppler principle, for measuring nasal mucosal microcirculation in humans, is presented. With this technique the relation between the blood flow and the temperature of the nasal mucosa was evaluated in healthy subjects exposed to peripheral cold stimulus. A decrease in blood flow and in mucosal temperature was found in all subjects when the feet were exposed to cold water for 5 min. The decrease in blood flow occurred almost momentarily and was restored to normal within the 5 min of exposure, while the drop in mucosal temperature was more gradual and persisted for a longer time. The implication of this study is that the laser doppler flowmeter seems to be a useful tool for estimation of changes in nasal mucosal microcirculation. PMID- 3156468 TI - Budd-Chiari syndrome treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Report of a case. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed in a patient with an incomplete obstruction of the inferior vena cava producing the Budd-Chiari syndrome. The web was successfully dilated percutaneously by three simultaneously inflated 9 mm balloon catheters. Symptoms and signs of obstruction of the inferior vena cava improved without any complications. This method is recommended because of its safety, low procedure related risk, and the possibility of recurrent use. PMID- 3156469 TI - Recent advances on the mechanisms and genetic aspects of lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3156467 TI - Cochlear neuronal populations in developmental defects of the inner ear. Implications for cochlear implantation. AB - A histological study was made to determine the cochlear neuronal populations of 20 human ears having hearing loss caused by developmental defects. The neuronal populations ranged from 7677 in an ear with Mondini dysplasia to 30 753 in an ear with DiGeorge's syndrome, the norm for young human subjects being 35 000 neurons. The length of the cochlear (spiral) ganglion varied from 7.3 mm to 14.8 mm, the norm for human subjects being 12 mm. The sensorineural hearing losses in all cases were attributable to malformation or degeneration of the sensorineural structures. The hearing loss was moderate in one case of Alport's syndrome, severe in one case of Usher's syndrome and in one case of severe Mondini dysplasia; it was profound in one case of maternal rubella, one of congenital deafness of unknown cause, another case of severe Mondini dysplasia and one of Down's syndrome (Trisomy 21). One case of mild Mondini dysplasia and one of DiGeorge's syndrome were known to have normal hearing. In 4 other cases hearing status was absent. PMID- 3156470 TI - Intervertebral disk-space infection after chymopapain injection. AB - Four patients who had received chymopapain injections for treatment of herniated lumbar disks were evaluated by computed tomography (CT) because of persistent low back pain and suspicion of infection. Irregularity of the vertebral end-plate and a mottled appearance of the vertebral bodies suggested the diagnosis of disk space infection in all four cases. CT-guided biopsy of the disk space was performed in each case, and bacterial cultures demonstrated staphylococcal infections, which were treated accordingly. Diskitis secondary to chymopapain injection is rare because of the precautions that are usually taken. No antibiotics are used routinely with such injections, although systemic antibiotics have been used in diabetics for prophylaxis. PMID- 3156471 TI - The relation between arterial and balloon rupture in experimental angioplasty. AB - Canine carotid, iliac, and femoral arteries underwent transluminal angioplasty with increasing balloon pressure from 4.5 to 12.5 atm. Balloons were selected according to vessel diameter: equal to (zero), 50% larger, and 100% larger than the vessel. The aim of this study was to assess possible disruption of the artery by a bursting balloon. With zero or 50% overdilation, arterial rupture did not occur despite balloon rupture. With 100% overdilation, arterial rupture always preceded balloon rupture. Rupture of all layers of the vessel was caused by severe overdistension, followed by secondary rupture of the balloon because it had lost its external support. PMID- 3156472 TI - Reinflating the amputated true double-lumen angioplasty catheter. PMID- 3156473 TI - The diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. AB - Recent developments in pregnancy testing, pelvic ultrasound, and diagnostic laparoscopy have enabled the physician to make an early and accurate diagnosis. Familiarity with these diagnostic aids is critical since prompt diagnosis will reduce the likelihood of life-threatening intraperitoneal hemorrhage and may allow more conservative surgery to be performed. PMID- 3156474 TI - The effect of sulfinpyrazone on platelet deposition on Dacron vascular grafts in man. AB - To determine if sulfinpyrazone inhibits platelet deposition on chronically implanted (greater than 9 months) Dacron aortic bifurcation grafts in man, we performed indium-111 platelet imaging over 24 to 96 hours after labeled platelet injection in 10 males with grafts before and during sulfinpyrazone therapy (200 mg four times daily). Platelet accumulation was quantitated by a graft/blood ratio that compared indium-111 platelet image activity in the graft to platelet activity in well-counted whole blood. In addition, independent visual analysis compared platelet accumulation in the graft area to adjacent native arteries. By quantitative evaluation, sulfinpyrazone did not decrease the graft/blood ratio compared to baseline at 24 hours (3.2 +/- 0.4 vs 3.3 +/- 0.5, mean +/- SEM), 48 hours (4.6 +/- 0.6 vs 4.6 +/- 0.9) , 72 hours (6.8 +/- 0.8 vs 6.7 +/- 1.3), or 96 hours (9.7 +/- 1.6 vs 9.7 +/- 1.6) after labeled platelet injection. Visual interpretation also revealed no decrease in deposition in any patient during sulfinpyrazone therapy. We conclude that sulfinpyrazone does not inhibit platelet deposition on chronically implanted Dacron arterial graft surfaces in man. The techniques described provide a useful method of evaluating antithrombotic drug effects in patients with intravascular prosthetic materials. PMID- 3156475 TI - Three autopsy cases of progression to left ventricular dilatation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - The hearts of three cases of congestive heart failure with dilated left ventricles developing in patients with symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) were morphologically investigated. The results showed that disproportionate hypertrophy and dilatation of the left ventricles, accompanied by massive fibrosis and myocardial disarray, were present in the three patients. The mean percent area of fibrosis of the left ventricle was 34.7% and 47.4% at the upper third and lower third levels, respectively, and was much more frequently associated with disarray (84.4 +/- 12.3%). Moreover, the fibrosis was most extensive in the lateral wall of the left ventricle, followed by the posterior, anterior, and interventricular walls. The fibrosis was also diffuse regardless of the subendocardial or subepicardial region of the heart. The findings in the present study suggest that the disarray in this particular series of HCM might be responsible for the mechanism of the fibrosis leading to dilatation of the left ventricle. PMID- 3156476 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: late results at 5 years following intervention. PMID- 3156477 TI - Congenital diverticulum of the right ventricle with ventricular septal defect. PMID- 3156478 TI - Reversible dilatation of hypertrophied left ventricle in pheochromocytoma: serial two-dimensional echocardiographic observations. PMID- 3156479 TI - Does norepinephrine play a central causative role in the process of cardiac hypertrophy? PMID- 3156480 TI - Coronary angioplasty: clinical and angiographic follow-up. AB - To evaluate the clinical status and restenosis rate after percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography (PTCA), 251 consecutive patients who had undergone a successful procedure from February 1979 to May 1983 were studied. Angiography was done routinely in 92 of the initial 100 consecutive patients in whom the procedure was successful (group I), 1 to 11 months (mean 6) after PTCA. Restenosis occurred in 37 of 92 patients (40%); all but 2 (who had collateral flow to the restenosed vessel) had symptoms. Conversely, 44 of 46 asymptomatic patients had no restenosis. The other 159 patients (group II) were followed up clinically, with angiography performed only if signs or symptoms of ischemia recurred. Restenosis suspected clinically and confirmed angiographically occurred in 35 of 92 patients (38%) in group I and 36 of 154 patients (23%) in group II. Of 251 patients with follow-up of at least 6 months, 109 patients (43%) became symptomatic. Of 109 symptomatic patients, 104 consented to coronary angiography; restenosis was found in 67%, progression of narrowing in other arteries occurred in 13%, and the remaining patients were presumed to have large or small vessel vasospasm. The mortality rate for the entire group was 0.8%. When repeat angioplasty was applied to patients with restenosis, over 80% of the group improved at an average follow-up time of 21 months. Symptomatic restenosis may occur less often when higher balloon inflation pressures are used during PTCA. PMID- 3156481 TI - Relation of mitral valve prolapse to left ventricular size in Marfan's syndrome. AB - Sporadic recent reports suggest that mitral valve prolapse (MVP) disappears with progressive left ventricular (LV) dilatation. To test this hypothesis, we sought to determine if an inverse relation exists between MVP and LV cavity size on M mode echocardiograms in 83 patients with Marfan's syndrome. LV end-diastolic dimensions and presence or absence of MVP were determined. Forty-six patients had MVP. Of patients with an LV end-diastolic dimension less than or equal to 5 cm, 90% had MVP; only 19% of the 32 patients with abnormally large (greater than 5.8 cm) end-diastolic dimension had MVP. The prevalence of MVP in patients with an LV end-diastolic dimension of 5.1 to 5.8 cm was 69%. Thus, the prevalence of MVP was inversely related to LV cavity size. To determine whether appearance or disappearance of MVP was associated with decrease or increase in LV cavity size, serial echocardiograms from 67 patients (mean follow-up 42 months, range 3 to 99) were examined. These patients were separated into 3 groups based on changes in the LV end-diastolic dimension of greater than 1 cm over time. Group 1 consisted of 9 patients, all of whom had MVP and normal LV cavity size on their initial study. With subsequent increase in LV end-diastolic dimension (mean 1.42 +/- 0.3), MVP disappeared in 6 of the 9. Conversely, group 2 consisted of 4 patients, all of whom had dilated left ventricles on their initial echocardiogram and no evidence of MVP. After aortic valve replacement, the LV cavity size decreased (mean 2.3 +/- 0.7) and MVP appeared on follow-up studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3156482 TI - T-lymphocyte subsets in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. AB - Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) is a common clinical problem in Africa. To determine if there is a defect of immune regulation in patients with IDC, the percentage of total T-cells (OKT3 positive), helper/inducer cells (OKT4 positive) and suppressor/cytotoxic cells (OKT8 positive) were measured using monoclonal antibodies in 20 patients with IDC and in 20 age-matched normal control subjects. The percentage of helper/inducer cells was significantly higher in the IDC patients (45 +/- 2% mean +/- standard error) than in the normal subjects (33 +/- 2%) and 8 of the 20 IDC patients had a helper/suppressor cell ratio (OKT4/OKT8) higher than the normal range. Of the 8 patients with this abnormality, 7 were studied within 3 months of the onset of their illness. Results suggest that an excessive immune reaction is part of the pathogenesis of IDC in Africans. PMID- 3156483 TI - Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in piglets. AB - To better determine the risks of transcatheter closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a model of PDA was made in newborn piglets by using 5- to 7-mm angioplasty catheters to dilate the probe PDA. This maneuver resulted in a permanent PDA in most piglets. Four to 6 weeks later PDA closure was attempted using the Rashkind PDA occluder. Twelve such procedures were attempted, using clean but nonsterile technique. Nine of 12 PDAs were successfully closed. Two failures were the result of inability to successfully traverse the PDA. This problem was solved by using a long sheath to position the device properly. Four complications occurred, all related to device release: left pulmonary artery embolization in 1 case, femoral artery embolization in 1, torn pulmonic valve cusp in 1 and lodgment of a prosthesis on a pulmonic valve cusp. Two successfully implanted devices were infected at necropsy. This study demonstrates the value of a piglet model in testing transcatheter PDA occlusion devices, the importance of sterile technique in such procedures, the hazards of device retrieval through the right heart and the feasibility of transcatheter PDA closure. PMID- 3156484 TI - Asymmetry in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the septal to free wall thickness ratio revisited. PMID- 3156485 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction without prior thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 3156486 TI - Acute pericarditis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 3156487 TI - Right coronary angiography during left anterior descending angioplasty: collateral visualization as a guide to balloon positioning. PMID- 3156488 TI - Successful dilatation of a stenotic Blalock-Taussig anastomosis by percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty. PMID- 3156490 TI - Medical examination of children referred for special education. AB - The results of medical examinations of 184 children referred for special educational services were reviewed, with particular attention paid to the value of the examination in the detection of abnormalities that would have an adverse educational impact and of previously undiagnosed abnormalities. Seventeen students (9%) were found to have educationally important abnormalities previously unknown to the school. Fifteen students had abnormalities detected through screening tests. The two remaining students had abnormalities apparent on physical examination that conceivably could interfere with physical education but should not hinder academic achievement. Thus, a separate physical examination, apart from those recommended for all children by the American Academy of Pediatrics, may not be productive for children referred for special educational services, but screening tests currently available in many schools are more likely to be beneficial. PMID- 3156489 TI - The differential diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. AB - A panel of monoclonal antibodies reactive with normal human lymphoid cells and with hairy cells has been applied to the immunocytochemical analysis of hairy cell leukemia. Staining was performed by immunoenzymatic methods on frozen sections of bone marrow trephines and extramedullary tissues and on cell smears. Hairy cells reacted with antibodies against HLA-DR, leukocyte common antigen, B cell antigens (antibodies To15 and B1) and with three anti-hairy cell monoclonal antibodies (S-HCL3, HC1, and HC2). Neoplastic cells in other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders also expressed HLA-DR, leukocyte common, and B-cell antigens but were consistently negative for the antigen detected by monoclonal antibody S-HCL3. Furthermore, hairy cells differed from other neoplastic B-cells in that they were unreactive with monoclonal antibodies against C3b receptors, anti-Leu-1, Tu1, Tu33, and lacked a meshwork of dendritic reticulum cells. These findings establish a distinctive antigenic phenotype for hairy cell leukemia and indicate that it may be diagnosed reliably by immunoenzymatic labeling of tissue sections or cell smears. PMID- 3156491 TI - Adolescent development in males with Down syndrome. AB - We investigated growth features, development of primary and secondary sex characteristics, and specified pituitary and testicular hormone levels in 46 male adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome. Their mean height age was significantly less than and their mean bone age was slightly more than their chronological age. The subjects' secondary sex characteristics followed the same developmental pattern noted in youngsters without Down syndrome. Penile length and circumference and testicular volume of our patients with Down syndrome were not statistically different from those of normal adolescents. Follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone levels in our study population were similar to those reported for normal adolescents during sexual maturation. PMID- 3156492 TI - Apgar scores and cerebrospinal fluid beta-endorphinlike immunoreactivity during the first day of life. Preliminary observations. AB - beta-Endorphinlike Immunoreactivity (BLI) was measured in sterile, bloodless samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the first 24 hours of life in order to assess the relationship between perinatal asphyxia and endogenous opioid activity within the central nervous system. The median CSF BLI in infants with one-minute Apgar scores of 1 to 4 was 148 pg/mL (range, 96 to 171 pg/mL) and that of infants with Apgar scores of 5 to 9 was 78 pg/mL (range, 25 to 162 pg/mL). The linear regression equation correlating CSF BLI with one-minute Apgar score was y = -10.7x + 169.1. Our findings of a highly significant inverse correlation between one-minute Apgar scores and CSF BLI support the hypothesis that perinatal asphyxia is associated with increased activity of opioid systems in the central nervous system. PMID- 3156493 TI - Hereditary heat-labile hexosaminidase B: a variant whose homozygotes synthesize a functional HEX A. AB - Homozygosity for a mutant allele at the beta-chain locus of hexosaminidase (HEX), resulting in a variant of heat-labile HEX B, is reported for the first time in two healthy children. HEX activity in their sera, leukocytes, and cultured skin fibroblasts is severely deficient when measured on the synthetic substrate 4-MU GLcNAc. However, their cultured skin fibroblasts synthesize and process both alpha and beta chains of HEX, and their lymphoid cells hydrolyze normally the natural ganglioside GM2. This mutation is, therefore, different from at least one of the beta-chain mutations found in previously published families with heat labile HEX B. PMID- 3156494 TI - Changed learning curve for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Implication for the future treatment of coronary artery disease. AB - As with all skilled techniques, there is a learning curve for percutaneous coronary angioplasty. This curve has been well described in the literature and it is generally quoted that an initial success rate of 70 to 75 percent in reaching and crossing lesions is to be expected during the first 20 cases. However, the introduction of the steerable or guidewire-directed dilation catheter has altered the learning curve. After an initial experience of six nonsteerable percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty procedures, 20 consecutive steerable percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty procedures were performed without a single failure to reach or cross a lesion. These 20 consecutive steerable coronary angioplasty procedures included eight single left anterior descending lesions, two double (lesions located in series) left anterior descending lesions, six single right coronary lesions, one double (lesions located in series) right coronary lesion, and three single circumflex lesions. It is concluded that the introduction of the steerable system for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty has shifted the learning curve, and that skilled and experienced coronary angiographers beginning a coronary angioplasty program can expect an initial success rate in reaching and crossing obstructive coronary lesions far in excess of the figures quoted in the literature. This may have significant implication for the ultimate availability of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty to patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 3156495 TI - Erythroderma with spongiotic dermatitis. Association with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. AB - Two middle-aged men presented with generalized erythroderma, diffuse alopecia, and hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles. Histopathologic study demonstrated spongiosis (epidermal intercellular edema) with a perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate. Complete immunologic evaluation demonstrated that both patients had panhypogammaglobulinemia and markedly depressed in vitro pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin secretion. One of the patients also showed poor lymphocyte responses in vitro to T cell mitogens and antigens and had a decreased ratio of helper to suppressor cells. In both patients, the cutaneous lesions improved with systemic corticosteroids, but no significant alteration in the immunologic abnormalities was observed. This report illustrates that chronic erythroderma may be the presenting clinical manifestation of common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. PMID- 3156496 TI - Increased adhesiveness of trisomy 21 cells and atrioventricular canal malformations in Down syndrome: a stochastic model. AB - Based on the finding that fetal trisomy 21 fibroblasts explanted from lungs and endocardial-cushion-derived structures appear more adhesive in vitro than those from normal control individuals, we present a stochastic model for atrioventricular (AV) canal malformations in Down syndrome (DS). Computer simulations were performed to model the normal anatomic sequences of cushion-to cushion and cushion-to-septum fusion in AV canal development. In these simulations, random-walking endocardial cells were allowed to migrate, divide, and adhere with programmable probabilities. Low values of intercellular adhesiveness engendered simulations resembling normal AV canal development; higher values of adhesiveness yielded deficiencies of AV canal development as seen in DS. Moderately high levels of adhesiveness resulted in abnormalities in only a proportion of multiple, independently performed simulations. The model successfully predicts the temporospatial sequence of anatomic events in cushion to-septum fusion, clinical variability among individuals with the same genotype based on chance alone, and amplified developmental instability as observed in individuals with DS. PMID- 3156497 TI - Neuropsychological correlates of information-processing by children with Down syndrome. AB - Nine children with Down syndrome were compared to two groups of nonretarded children, one similar in CA, the other a chronologically younger group of similar MA. The event-related brain potential (ERP) and reaction time (RT) results indicated that children with Down syndrome process some types of auditory information more slowly than do MA- or CA-matched nonretarded children. They were found to differ from nonretarded children in the scalp distribution of amplitudes of certain ERP components. Finally, the speed of processing and amplitude differences that were found could not be explained on the basis that children with Down syndrome are simply maturationally delayed in their cognitive abilities. The possible relation of these neuropsychological (ERPs) and performance (RT) differences to pathological changes in the hippocampus were discussed. PMID- 3156498 TI - Assessment of overweight children with trisomy 21. AB - Mean weights for 5-cm stature intervals for three groups of children with trisomy 21 were compared with those for a group of nonretarded children. Children with trisomy 21 had statistically significant larger mean weights beginning at statures of 105 to 110 cm for boys and at 95 to 100 cm for girls and at most larger statures analyzed. These statures were typical of 4- to 6-year-old children with trisomy 21. Children with trisomy 21 living in institutions tended to have larger mean weights for each stature interval than did those reared at home. Differences between the trisomy 21 and nonretarded groups were greater for girls than for boys. PMID- 3156499 TI - Plasma and red blood cell beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in normal and complicated pregnancies: gestational age variation. AB - Recent observations suggest that there may be two pools of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in mammalian circulation. One of these pools is present in plasma and the other is detected in association with erythrocytes. Elucidation of an erythrocyte-associated pool may explain some of the wide variability of plasma beta-endorphin levels reported in the literature. We measured beta-endorphin immunoreactivity levels in 85 normal and 33 complicated pregnancies to delineate a possible correlation between gestational age and beta-endorphin immunoreactivity levels in plasma and in erythrocytes. Our results indicate that beta-endorphin immunoreactivity levels in both plasma and erythrocytes vary systematically throughout the gestational period, reaching a peak at 31 to 32 weeks of gestation. Amniotic fluids at midgestation were also analyzed and no correlation was observed between the levels of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity and fetal sex. Compared to normal patients, diabetic patients had significantly lower levels of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in plasma and higher levels in erythrocytes although the total beta-endorphin immunoreactivity was not statistically different from that in normal subjects. We conclude that (1) the total beta-endorphin immunoreactivity level in whole blood is much higher than that reported in plasma, (2) both plasma- and erythrocyte-associated beta endorphin immunoreactivity levels vary with gestational age, with a peak level at 24 to 32 weeks of gestation, (3) amniotic fluid beta-endorphin immunoreactivity levels are unrelated to fetal sex, and (4) diabetic patients may have a different distribution of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity pools than normal individuals. PMID- 3156500 TI - Platelet activation in preeclampsia. AB - Platelet activation was assessed in hospitalized third-trimester patients with preeclampsia (n = 11) or chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia (n = 11) and in healthy outpatient pregnant controls (n = 10) by measuring plasma beta thromboglobulin, platelet factor 4, the platelet aggregate ratio, and the amount of collagen required to produce half-maximal aggregation velocity (Kd). Only plasma beta-thromboglobulin levels differed significantly between patients with preeclampsia (50.1 +/- 37.9; p less than 0.05) or chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia (47.6 +/- 16.3; p less than 0.01) and the control subjects (22.5 +/- 11.3). beta-Thromboglobulin values in patients with preeclampsia, but not chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia, correlated directly with 24-hour urinary protein loss (r = 0.93, p less than 0.001) and serum creatinine levels (r = 0.62, p less than 0.05) and inversely with creatinine clearance (r = 0.60, p = 0.05). We conclude that (1) beta thromboglobulin is elevated in patients with preeclampsia or chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia, (2) the normal platelet aggregate ratio and the Kd indicate that the increase in beta-thromboglobulin is not due to an intrinsic change in platelet responsiveness, and (3) the elevation of beta-thromboglobulin in patients with either preeclampsia or chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia appears to be secondary to platelet consumption in the microvasculature, although in patients with preeclampsia altered renal function may be contributory. PMID- 3156501 TI - Comparative study of ultrasonically guided percutaneous aspiration with local anesthesia and laparoscopic aspiration of follicles in an in vitro fertilization program. AB - Twenty patients from our in vitro fertilization program were randomly divided into two groups. Ten women underwent follicular aspiration during laparoscopy while they were under general anesthesia and 10 women had an ultrasonically guided follicular aspiration with local anesthesia. All patients had mechanical infertility, and ovulation was induced with human menopausal gonadotropins. In both groups the same aspiration system with a needle of 1.4 mm inner diameter and a continuous suction at 120 mm Hg were used. In the laparoscopy group the oocyte recovery rate was 82.5% and the fertilization rate 62.5%, with one twin pregnancy; in the ultrasound group the oocyte recovery rate was 75%, and the fertilization rate 61.9%, with a singleton pregnancy. Implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 3156504 TI - In vitro tensile bond strength of reconditioned brackets. AB - This study evaluated the effects of four rebonding procedures on in vitro tensile bond strength of four filled diacrylate adhesives on orthodontic brackets. The four procedures were thermal reconditioning, chemical reconditioning, removal of residual adhesive with a green stone, and grinding the mesh base with a green stone. The mesh-base, stainless steel brackets were bonded to plastic cylinders and the tensile bond force necessary to cause bond failure was recorded. The initial bond strengths for the no-mix adhesive and both two-paste systems were significantly greater than the tensile bond strengths for any rebonding condition. Different rebonding conditions reduced tensile bone strength to differing degrees, using each of these three adhesives. The initial bond strength for the visible, light-cured adhesive was not significantly different from three of the four rebonding conditions and was lower than the initial bond strength of the other three adhesives. PMID- 3156502 TI - Comparison of endometrial biopsy and peritoneal fluid cytologic testing with laparoscopy in the diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - Twenty-seven women with suspected acute pelvic inflammatory disease were studied by laparoscopy and endometrial biopsy. Overall, 67% (18 of 27) of the women had acute salpingitis at laparoscopy, 70% (19 of 27) had plasma cell endometritis, and 67% (10 of 15) had an inflammatory cytologic pattern of the peritoneal fluid. In comparison to laparoscopically detected salpingitis, endometritis detected with biopsy had a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 67%, a positive predictive value of 84%, and a false negative rate of 22% in the diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease. The corresponding figures for inflammation of the peritoneal fluid were 75%, 67%, 90%, and 25%. This study demonstrates that nonpuerperal endometritis is an entity associated with pelvic inflammatory disease, most likely representing an intermediate stage between cervicitis and salpingitis. Endometrial biopsy as an office procedure is a good alternative to laparoscopy in the diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease and may in fact detect early cases not yet visible at laparoscopy. PMID- 3156503 TI - The effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on premature labor in the sheep. AB - The ability of medroxyprogesterone acetate to delay premature delivery was investigated in nine chronically catheterized pregnant sheep (125 to 130 days' gestation). Catheters were placed for measurement of intrauterine pressure and uterine vein concentrations of progesterone, 17 beta-estradiol, and 15-keto-13,14 dihydroxyprostaglandin F2a. Premature parturition was induced in all animals by infusion of dexamethasone (1 mg/24 hours) to the fetus. Three ewes served as controls, three ewes received oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (5 mg/kg/day) 48 hours prior to the start of and during dexamethasone (early medroxyprogesterone acetate), and the remaining three animals received oral medroxyprogesterone acetate 12 hours after the onset of dexamethasone infusion (late medroxyprogesterone acetate). The lengths of time from dexamethasone until the onset of labor and from dexamethasone until delivery were compared, and were significantly longer for each group compared to control times. Of all endocrine events analyzed, the fall in plasma progesterone was the most consistent in all groups, showing that animals with rapid falls in progesterone levels (control group) tended to deliver earlier. These results demonstrate that medroxyprogesterone acetate can delay premature parturition in the sheep. Also medroxyprogesterone acetate appears to delay the endocrinologic events that normally occur at this time. PMID- 3156506 TI - Immunology of cholesteatoma. PMID- 3156505 TI - Induction of experimental allergic sialadenitis in mice. AB - This article reports that sialadenitis developed in female CRJ:CD-1 mice thymectomized 3 days after birth and later immunized with a homogenate of the submandibular salivary gland emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant. Significant inflammatory changes did not develop in various control groups, including animals thymectomized at Day 3 but not immunized and animals not thymectomized on the day of birth but immunized. Because a more marked decrease of Lyt 2+ cells was found in mice thymectomized on Day 3 after birth than in neonatally thymectomized mice, thymectomy at 3 days of age is more effective for the induction of sialadenitis, presumably by markedly decreasing a population of suppressor T cells. The lesions observed in mice with sialadenitis were mostly composed of small and medium-sized lymphocytes stained by anti-Thy 1.2 and Lyt 2 antibodies and in later stages by immunoglobulin-containing cells in the periphery of inflammatory lesions. PMID- 3156507 TI - Diphosphonates for otospongiosis. PMID- 3156509 TI - Characterization of aldosterone binding sites in circulating human mononuclear leukocytes. AB - Aldosterone binding sites in human mononuclear leukocytes were characterized after separation of cells from blood by a Percoll gradient. After washing and resuspension in RPMI-1640 medium, cells were incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 h with different concentrations of [3H]aldosterone plus a 100-fold concentration of RU-26988 (11 alpha, 17 alpha-dihydroxy-17 beta-propynylandrost-1,4,6-trien-3 one), with or without an excess of unlabeled aldosterone. Aldosterone binds to a single class of receptors with an affinity of 2.7 +/- 0.5 nM (means +/- SD, n = 14) and a capacity of 290 +/- 108 sites/cell (n = 14). The specificity data show a hierarchy of affinity of desoxycorticosterone = corticosterone = aldosterone greater than hydrocortisone greater than dexamethasone. The results indicate that mononuclear leukocytes could be useful for studying the physiological significance of these mineralocorticoid receptors and their regulation in humans. PMID- 3156508 TI - Faster protein and ribosome synthesis in thyroxine-induced hypertrophy of rat heart. AB - Rates of protein synthesis and degradation were measured in hearts from normal and thyroxine-injected rats that were perfused as working preparations with Krebs Henseleit bicarbonate buffer containing 400 microU insulin/ml, 2 mM lactate, 10 mM glucose, and normal plasma concentrations of amino acids. Hearts were perfused after four daily injections (1 microgram/g body wt) of thyroxine. Protein synthesis was 24% greater in hypertrophying hearts compared with controls; ribosomal RNA content increased 25%. In addition, the proportion of total RNA in free ribosomal subunits in hypertrophying hearts was unchanged from perfused hearts of control rats and from unperfused normal hearts. These results indicated that increased protein synthetic machinery as monitored by content of ribosomes, rather than more efficient initiation or elongation of peptide chains, accounted for the faster rate of protein synthesis in hypertrophying hearts. Rates of protein degradation were the same in hearts from thyroxine-injected and control animals. When rates of ribosome production were measured in vitro at various times after a single injection of thyroxine in vivo, faster ribosome synthesis was detected within 8 h; no change in the rate of total protein synthesis occurred after a single injection of thyroxine. These studies indicated that accelerated ribosome formation was an early and quantitatively important factor in cardiac hypertrophy. PMID- 3156510 TI - Isomyosin and thyroid hormone levels in pressure-overloaded weanling and adult rat hearts. AB - We examined the relationship between ventricular isomyosin composition and plasma thyroxine (T4) 5 wk after partial constriction of the abdominal aorta in weanling (21 day) and adult (8 wk) rats. Cardiac enlargement in weanling aorta-constricted animals was associated with a significant (P less than 0.001) decrease in %V1 isomyosin in both left (32%) and right ventricles (25%) with a corresponding increase in the %V3 isomyosin and a reduction in plasma T4 levels. However, the ratio of V1/T4 was similar in weanling control (17.8 +/- 0.8) and aorta constricted (18.0 +/- 1.4) rats. In adult aorta-constricted animals, there was a significant (P less than 0.001) reduction in the %V1 (16%) isomyosin in the left ventricle and a smaller decrease in the right ventricular V1 (8%) with no change in plasma T4 levels. There was also a significant difference in V1/T4 between control (16.1 +/- 0.4) and aorta-constricted (13.9 +/- 0.7) adult rats in contrast to the maintenance of the V1/T4 in weanling aorta-constricted animals. Thus both increased workload and changes in thyroxine levels contribute to the isomyosin redistribution seen in weanling rats subjected to a pressure overload, whereas, in adult hypertrophied hearts, alterations of the ventricular isomyosin composition appear to be due solely to the increased pressure overload. PMID- 3156511 TI - Sciatic nerve blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmetry and [14C]iodoantipyrine. AB - Blood flow was examined in sciatic nerves of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats by means of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and intravenous [14C]iodoantipyrine infusion. Continuous LDF signals demonstrated slow oscillations and acute, pressure-related changes in flow. The steady-state LDF signal was related linearly to nerve blood flow, as measured with [14C]iodoantipyrine, in intact nerves and nerves stripped of the epineurium. In 14 intact nerves, nerve blood flow averaged 0.27 +/- 0.03 (SE) ml X min-1 X g-1, whereas it averaged 0.13 +/- 0.01 in 5 stripped nerves. Autoradiographs of [3H]-nicotine-infused nerves and intra-arterial injection of 57Co-labeled microspheres demonstrated that flow was not uniform throughout the nerve cross section. The results indicate that LDF can be used to examine nerve blood flow in vivo, demonstrate a linear relation between the LDF signal and flow, and establish absolute values for blood flow in intact and stripped nerves of the anesthetized rat. PMID- 3156512 TI - Adenine nucleotides, serotonin, and endothelium-dependent relaxations to platelets. AB - Aggregating platelets cause an endothelium-dependent relaxation of isolated contracted canine coronary arteries. The role of adenine nucleotides and of 5 hydroxytryptamine in causing this relaxation was determined. Rings of these arteries were suspended in organ chambers filled with physiological salt solution and contracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha. Adenosine diphosphate relaxed rings with intact endothelium but had no effect on endothelium-denuded rings. The relaxation was attenuated by the enzyme, apyrase, which hydrolyzes adenosine tri- and diphosphate. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) exerted a direct contractile effect mediated by the endothelium. The latter was prevented by the 5-HT1 serotonergic antagonist, methiothepin, but not by the 5-HT2 serotonergic antagonist, ketanserin. The endothelially mediated relaxation to aggregating platelets was prevented by apyrase but not by methiothepin or ketanserin. Responses to platelets were unaltered by the inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, meclofenamate. These experiments demonstrate the key role of adenine nucleotides in mediating the endothelium-dependent relaxation of canine coronary arteries to aggregating platelets. PMID- 3156513 TI - Plasma vasopressin response to osmotic and hemodynamic stimuli in heart failure. AB - Arginine vasopressin (AVP) regulation was studied in 42 patients with severe heart failure (CHF) and 10 patients without CHF during cardiac catheterization. Plasma AVP levels were elevated in CHF compared with non-CHF patients (2.98 +/- 2.48 vs. 1.01 +/- 0.44 pg/ml, P less than 0.01). In non-CHF patients, osmotic loading with angiographic contrast caused increases in plasma osmolality (283 +/- 4 to 290 +/- 5 mosmol/l, P less than 0.05) and AVP (1.01 +/- 0.44 to 1.79 +/- 0.20 pg/ml, P less than 0.001). In 10 CHF patients, similar osmotic loading produced an increase in plasma osmolality (275 +/- 13 to 288 +/- 17 mosmol/l, P less than 0.05) and an exaggerated rise in plasma AVP (3.61 +/- 3.17 to 16.30 +/- 12.17 pg/ml, P less than 0.001). The increase in plasma AVP per unit increase in osmolality was greater (P less than 0.01) in the CHF patients (1.36 +/- 1.25 pg . mosmol-1 . 1(-1)) than in non-CHF patients (0.18 +/- 0.17). To determine whether improved cardiac performance would lower AVP levels, 18 CHF patients received the experimental agent MDL 17,043, with improved cardiac index (1.9 +/- 0.4 to 3.3 +/ 0.7 1 . min-1 . m-2, P less than 0.001). Plasma AVP levels did not change significantly (1.99 +/- 0.74 to 2.81 +/- 2.06 pg/ml), but significant inverse correlations were found between changes in plasma AVP and changes in mean (r = 0.53) and systolic (r = -0.65) arterial pressure after MDL 17,043 infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3156514 TI - Persistence of coronary vasodilator reserve despite functionally significant flow reduction. AB - This study was done to determine whether coronary vasodilator reserve is exhausted when coronary flow falls and regional function becomes abnormal during low-pressure perfusion. In 10 open-chest, anesthetized dogs the left circumflex coronary artery (LC) was cannulated and perfused via a blood-filled reservoir. At LC pressures of 35 and 50 mmHg, regional segment lengths were measured with sonomicrometer crystals and regional flow with radiolabeled microspheres before and after adenosine vasodilation. Control measurements were made at 80 mmHg perfusion pressure. Prior to adenosine, flow fell transmurally when LC pressure was reduced to 50 and 35 mmHg and rose significantly following adenosine. No change in function occurred at an LC pressure of 50 mmHg, but at 35 mmHg LC segmental shortening fell to 30 +/- 14% of control, and LC flow fell to 42 +/- 5% of control, with endocardial and epicardial flows of 0.40 +/- 0.04 and 0.70 +/- 0.09 ml . min-1 . g-1, respectively. After adenosine, endocardial and epicardial LC flow rose to 0.69 +/- 0.08 and 1.81 +/- 0.47 ml . min-1 . g-1, respectively (P less than 0.05). LC segment shortening improved modestly to 50 +/- 15% of control (P less than 0.02). We conclude that transmural vasodilator reserve is maintained in the face of functionally significant reductions of coronary flow at low perfusion pressure. Adenosine-induced flow increases are associated with a modest improvement in segmental function. PMID- 3156515 TI - Osteoporosis and pathologic fractures in anorexia nervosa. AB - Osteoporosis with pathologic fractures occurred in three patients with chronic anorexia nervosa. The authors discuss the pathophysiology of this rarely reported complication and advise clinicians to thoroughly investigate complaints of bone or back pain from this high-risk population. PMID- 3156516 TI - Variability among state Crippled Children's Service programs: pluralism thrives. AB - The authors review the history of the Crippled Children's Service (CCS) program and report results of a survey of state CCS programs conducted in 1981. The results of the survey document extensive variability among state programs in respect to several indices, including numbers of children served, conditions covered, and services provided. With few exceptions, selected organizational, economic and demographic variables fail to correlate significantly with the variation of these indices. The strongest correlation, .40 (p less than .02) is between percentage of children served and program per capita expenditures, suggesting that relatively wealthier programs tend to serve more children. Furthermore, analyses of the survey results show that mean coverage by CCS programs of surgical disorders is significantly greater than mean coverage of medical disorders or behavioral disorders (p less than .001). The findings of this study underscore the considerable influence of historical and leadership variables on the functioning of state CCS programs. PMID- 3156517 TI - An unusual cause of back pain in a young athlete. A case report. AB - Back pain in the young athlete is a common problem seen in many sport medicine clinics. Not only can this be a difficult problem for the physician to manage (due to inability to pinpoint the pathology), but it is a frustrating experience for the athlete, unable to compete or train effectively. The sport medicine physician must, therefore, always be alert and obsessed with obtaining a precise diagnosis to be followed by specific treatment. When presented with the adolescent athlete suffering with back pain, one must consider the full gamut of diagnostic possibilities. Mechanical or spondylogenic causes are most common; however, potentially more serious infective, metabolic, and neoplastic conditions should also be considered. PMID- 3156518 TI - Surgical aspects of the Tenckhoff peritoneal dialysis catheter. A 7 year experience. AB - The experience with CAPD using the Tenckhoff catheter in 115 patients over a 7 year period has been reviewed. The general indications for CAPD in the patient with chronic renal failure are the mental and physical ability of the patient or his relatives to perform CAPD. In our series, diabetes mellitus has been a relative indication for CAPD, because diabetic patients often have vascular disease severe enough to make long-term hemodialysis difficult. The general contraindications are abdominal problems such as hernias, abdominal wall infections, inflammatory bowel disease, adhesions, and gastrointestinal stomas. Other contraindications are lumbar disk disease and respiratory insufficiency. The surgical principles of catheter insertion have been described. Complications associated with the Tenckhoff catheter were either mechanical (intraabdominal organ injury, incisional hernia, catheter leakage, catheter occlusion, or catheter dislodgement), or infectious (peritonitis or abdominal wall infection). The single most common organism isolated from effluent dialysate in 65 patients with peritonitis was Staphylococcus epidermidis in six patients (9.2 percent), and in 20 patients (30.8 percent), no organism could be isolated. For those patients who had peritonitis, the average frequency was at 8.9 months of CAPD. There were only three deaths (3 percent) directly related to the Tenckhoff catheter and these were due to peritonitis and sepsis. Only 22 (19 percent) of the 115 patients in this series had to discontinue CAPD because of its ineffectiveness or the patient's or relative's inability to perform CAPD. PMID- 3156520 TI - [Intensive treatment of obstetric hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 3156519 TI - [Obstetric hemorrhages: prevention and intensive treatment]. PMID- 3156521 TI - [Hemostatic aspects of obstetric hemorrhages]. PMID- 3156523 TI - [Hemorrhage during pregnancy as a fetal risk factor]. PMID- 3156522 TI - [Prognosis and differentiated method of prevention of placental-stage and early postpartum hemorrhages]. PMID- 3156524 TI - [Use of the bifunctional plasma substitute polyfer to replenish blood loss during labor]. PMID- 3156525 TI - [Uterine microflora in parturients after pathological hemorrhage during labor]. PMID- 3156527 TI - [Postpartum hemorrhage caused by von Willebrand's disease]. PMID- 3156526 TI - [Use of fibrinogen in obstetric-gynecological hemorrhage]. PMID- 3156528 TI - [Use of electric uterine stimulator "Uteroton-1" for prevention of hemorrhage in the placental-stage and early postpartum periods]. PMID- 3156529 TI - [Characteristics of hemodynamics in anemia in pregnancy]. PMID- 3156530 TI - [Effectiveness of daytime hospitals in the prevention of complications of pregnancy and labor in patients with chronic anemia]. PMID- 3156531 TI - [Effect of sex steroids on the reproductive system of progeny]. PMID- 3156532 TI - [Use of a special-purpose product in the treatment of anemia in pregnancy]. PMID- 3156534 TI - [Echocardiographic characteristics of left-ventricular myocardial contraction in pregnant women with mitral valve defects]. PMID- 3156535 TI - [Prevention and treatment of anemia in pregnant women in a prenatal care clinic]. PMID- 3156533 TI - [Cytochemical study of blood enzyme activity in normal pregnancy]. PMID- 3156536 TI - [Gymnastics in the complex physiopsychological preparation of pregnant women for labor]. PMID- 3156538 TI - [Activities of the Problem Committee for Obstetrical and Gynecological Research in the Russian Federation]. PMID- 3156537 TI - [Indications, contraindications and control of heparin use in obstetrical practice]. PMID- 3156539 TI - [Examination by test as an objective method for the evaluation of students' knowledge of gynecology]. PMID- 3156540 TI - [Professional guidance in controlled independent work of interns in obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 3156541 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin and cephalosporin in the bodies of pregnant women and parturients]. PMID- 3156542 TI - Immunization procedures for hepatitis infections. PMID- 3156543 TI - Workplace allergenicity of a psyllium-containing bulk laxative. AB - IgE antibodies specific to psyllium were demonstrated by RAST in a patient with work-place-related asthmatic and dermatological reactions. Antibodies were not cross-reactive with the related plant, English plantain. PMID- 3156546 TI - Scarlatiniform rash and urticaria due to codeine. AB - Scarlatiniform rash and urticaria were observed twice in the same patient following codeine intake. This rare drug-induced eruption may lead to mis diagnosis in patients taking mild analgesics containing codeine. The side effects of codeine, hypersensitivity mechanisms, and the use of analgesic combination products are discussed. PMID- 3156545 TI - Midazolam: pharmacology and uses. AB - Midazolam is an imidazobenzodiazepine with unique properties when compared with other benzodiazepines. It is water soluble in its acid formulation but is highly lipid soluble in vivo. Midazolam also has a relatively rapid onset of action and high metabolic clearance when compared with other benzodiazepines. The drug produces reliable hypnosis, amnesia, and antianxiety effects when administered orally, intramuscularly, or intravenously. There are many uses for midazolam in the perioperative period including premedication, anesthesia induction and maintenance, and sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Midazolam is preferable to diazepam in many clinical situations because of its rapid, nonpainful induction and lack of venous irritation. Compared with thiopental, midazolam is not as rapid acting nor predictable in hypnotic effect. It will not replace thiopental as an induction agent. Advantages of midazolam over thiopental are those of the more versatile pharmacologic properties of a benzodiazepine compared with a barbiturate such as amnestic and anxiolytic properties. Midazolam should be a useful addition to the formulary. PMID- 3156547 TI - Ia-like antigens on T-cells and their subpopulations in pulmonary sarcoidosis and in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Analysis of bronchoalveolar and blood lymphocytes. AB - We investigated the expression of Ia antigens on T-cells from lung and blood, as a sign of T-cell activation, in 17 patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis, 12 patients with inactive sarcoidosis, 9 patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and 10 normal control subjects. Lymphocyte subsets were identified by mouse monoclonal antibodies using a peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Patients with active sarcoidosis and patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis had a significant increase in Ia+ T-cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with that in patients with inactive sarcoidosis and that in control subjects (p less than 0.01). Blood T-cells from the same patients did not show this sign of activation. The highest numbers of Ia+ T-cells were recovered from the lungs of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, indicating the high state of activation of immunoregulatory T-cells in this disease. Additional analysis revealed that in sarcoidosis, Ia+ lung T-cells were exclusively of the OKT4+ helper phenotype, whereas in hypersensitivity pneumonitis, OKT4+ helper as well as OKT8+ suppressor lung cells expressed in part Ia antigens. These observations suggest that different T-cell subpopulations are activated in sarcoidosis and in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. PMID- 3156544 TI - Clinical comparison of atracurium and alcuronium in gynaecological surgery. AB - In a double-blind, prospective, randomised trial in 51 female patients, atracurium 0.6mg/kg provided acceptable intubating conditions more rapidly than did alcuronium 0.25 mg/kg. Atracurium produced more profound neuromuscular twitch suppression than alcuronium. The effect of atracurium was longer-lasting than that of alcuronium (32 minutes and 22 minutes respectively to achieve 10% recovery) and it took slightly longer to reverse with neostigmine. Seven patients in the atracurium group who underwent short surgical procedures required supplementary neostigmine to achieve adequate reversal. Two cases of sinus bradycardia were noted in the atracurium group, but hypotension was not a clinical problem in any patient. Atracurium appears to be a useful relaxant, but a smaller dose than that used here should be chosen for short procedures. PMID- 3156548 TI - Pellagra-like encephalopathy complicating a multiple drug regimen for the treatment of pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. PMID- 3156549 TI - Diltiazem and generalized lymphadenopathy. PMID- 3156550 TI - Detecting arterial and venous obstruction in flaps. AB - Island skin flaps based on the latissimus dorsi muscle were raised in domestic pigs. Flap circulation, maintained only by the vascular pedicle, was monitored by laser Doppler flowmetry, laser photometry, and transcutaneously measured carbon dioxide tension. Both arterial and venous occlusion were accompanied by very low laser Doppler flow values. In laser photometry, the backscattered intensity of light remained unchanged or was slightly increased during arterial occlusion. In response to venous occlusion, however, the light intensity decreased markedly. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension increased in both venous and arterial occlusion. When venous outflow pressure was raised incrementally, both the laser Doppler flow value and the total backscattered light intensity fell proportionately. Laser Doppler flowmetry might thus be useful clinically to detect decreased blood flow in transferred flaps, and laser photometry may determine if the decreased flow is related to the arterial or venous side. PMID- 3156551 TI - Comparison of morbidity between inpatients and outpatients following gynaecological laparoscopy. AB - Fifty-one inpatients and 58 outpatients undergoing elective gynaecological laparoscopy under general anaesthesia were investigated for post-operation morbidity by means of questionnaires. A high incidence of morbidity was found in both groups extending into the second day, with no marked difference between the two groups. PMID- 3156552 TI - Interrupted subcuticular polyglactin sutures for abdominal wounds. PMID- 3156553 TI - Predicting the fate of free tissue transfers. AB - Accurate and objective assessment of blood flow in microvascular free tissue transfers both at the time of surgery and during the postoperative period is vital. An experimental study is presented in which four methods of evaluating flow were tested in an animal model. Based on this work clinical free tissue transfers have been successfully monitored using an ultrasound Doppler flowmeter at operation and a laser Doppler flowmeter afterwards. The use of these instruments has significantly improved the reliability of microvascular reconstructions and greatly simplified their postoperative management. PMID- 3156554 TI - The role of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for atherosclerotic disease of the lower extremities. AB - A consecutive series of 62 patients (74 symptomatic limbs) were admitted with atherosclerotic disease of the legs in a 6-month period from 1st July 1982. All patients had an arteriogram under local anaesthetic the day after admission and if possible a transluminal balloon dilatation was performed. If dilatation failed an operation was performed the following day. Dilatation was successful in 13 of 23 lesions above the inguinal ligament and significantly improved the Doppler foot pressures from 84 to 120 mmHg. Dilatation was only successful in 17 of 51 lesions below the inguinal ligament and 40% of these had re-occluded within 6 months. Transluminal dilatation is an important advance for stenotic lesions of the distal aorta and iliacs but its place is limited for the more common lesions in the superficial femoral artery. PMID- 3156555 TI - [Secondary cancer of the liver: value and efficacy of laparoscopy]. AB - The indications for laparoscopy have been greatly reduced by the development of ultrasonography. However, laparoscopy is still indicated in secondary cancer of the liver, as it can provide histological proof of the diagnosis by means of biopsies taken under direct vision. It is therefore more effective than the non invasive morphological examinations, but, in the future, it may be replaced by ultrasound guided biopsies. In general, laparoscopy only confirms a diagnosis which is very probable on the basis of clinical and laboratory data. Furthermore, it is very unlikely that laparoscopy will reveal small metastases; this is due to the multicentric nature of hepatic metastases, rather than to a deficiency in the investigation itself. PMID- 3156557 TI - Bacterial reduction of fensulfothion and its hydrolysis product 4-methylsulfinyl phenol. AB - Oxygen-limited cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae reduced 4-methylsulfinyl phenol to 4-methylthiophenol. A study of the effect of 4-methylthiophenol on the growth of K. pneumoniae revealed that the specific growth rate was retarded by 40% in the presence of 200 micrograms of the phenol per ml. A soil bacterium, Hafnia sp., was isolated that could reduce the organophosphorus insecticide fensulfothion to fensulfothion sulfide. PMID- 3156556 TI - Minimum bacterial density for bacteriophage replication: implications for significance of bacteriophages in natural ecosystems. AB - Bacteriophage 80 alpha did not increase in number in cultures containing less than about 1.0 X 10(4) to 1.5 X 10(4) CFU of Staphylococcus aureus per ml, but bacteriophage replication did occur when the number of bacteria exceeded this density, either initially or as a result of host cell multiplication. The minimum density of an asporogenous strain of Bacillus subtilis required for an increase in the number of bacteriophage SP beta cI was about 3 X 10(4) CFU/ml. The threshold density of Escherichia coli for the multiplication of bacteriophage T4 was about 7 X 10(3) CFU/ml. In the presence of montmorillonite, bacteriophage T4 did not increase in number until the E. coli population exceeded 10(4) CFU/ml. The mineralization of glucose was not affected in E. coli cultures inoculated with a low number of bacteriophage T4, but it could not be detected in cultures inoculated with a large number of phage. The numbers of bacteriophage T4 and a bacteriophage that lyses Pseudomonas putida declined rapidly after being added to lake water or sewage. We suggest that bacteriophages do not affect the number or activity of bacteria in environments where the density of the host species is below the host cell threshold of about 10(4) CFU/ml. PMID- 3156558 TI - Unsaturated fatty acid isomers: effects on the circadian rhythm of a fatty-acid deficient Neurospora crassa mutant. AB - The fatty acids oleic, linoleic, and linolenic, each of which has a cis double bond at the delta 9 position, are known to lengthen the circadian period of conidiation (spore formation) of strains of Neurospora crassa carrying the cel mutation. cel confers a partial fatty acid requirement on the organism and has been used to promote incorporation of exogenous fatty acids. To test whether a physical effect imparted by the cis double bonds, such as increased membrane fluidity, is critical for the perturbation of the rhythm, various isomers of these fatty acids were supplemented to the bd csp cel strain. Positional isomers of oleic acid, such as petroselinic (delta 6) and vaccenic (delta 11) acids, and longer-chain isomers, such as eicosenoic (delta 11) and erucic (delta 13) acids, did not lengthen the rhythm. The shorter-chain palmitoleic (delta 9) acid did not give a consistent lengthening of the rhythm; it may be elongated to vaccenic acid. In contrast, gamma-linolenic acid (delta 6,9,12) dramatically lengthened the period. Linoelaidic acid (the trans,trans isomer of linoleic acid) lengthened the period at 22 degrees C, but elaidic acid (the trans isomer of oleic acid) did not. Elaidic acid was shown to exert a lengthening effect, but only at lower temperatures. The data do not support a direct physical action as the source of the fatty acids' "chronobiotic" ability. PMID- 3156559 TI - Low serum iron levels and moderate anemia in severe nodulocystic acne. Reversal with isotretinoin therapy. AB - Moderate anemia was present in 25% and low serum iron levels in 75% of patients with severe nodulocystic acne. These findings, combined with an elevated serum ferritin level and normal transferrin saturation, indicate that the low serum iron levels and anemia are secondary to the chronic disease state of cutaneous inflammation rather than an iron-deficiency state. Successful therapy of the severe cystic acne with isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) resulted in return of serum iron and hemoglobin values to normal levels and a decrease in serum ferritin level. PMID- 3156560 TI - Tissue and blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations in erythema nodosum leprosum. AB - To study T lymphocytes in erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), monoclonal antibodies were used to identify T-lymphocyte subpopulations in the blood and skin lesions of patients with ENL and patients with nonreactional lepromatous leprosy. The blood of nonreactional lepromatous patients had a lymphopenia and a proportionate reduction in pan T cells, helper-inducer, and suppressor-cytotoxic subsets, but a normal helper-suppressor ratio, as compared with controls. Patients with ENL did not differ significantly from the controls. In skin lesions, an admixture of helper and suppressor phenotypes among foamy histiocytes was found. The ENL tissue had more numerous cells of the helper-inducer phenotype and fewer of the suppressor-cytotoxic phenotype, as compared with nonreaction lepromatous tissues. In 22 patients with simultaneous examination of tissue and blood T-cell subsets, there was no correlation between tissue and blood helper-suppressor ratios, indicating that some sort of selection process brings lymphocytes into tissues from peripheral blood. PMID- 3156561 TI - Metronidazole in the treatment of rosacea. PMID- 3156562 TI - The cost of occupational skin disease. PMID- 3156564 TI - Richner-Hanhart syndrome spares a plantar autograft. AB - A patient with Richner-Hanhart syndrome had thigh skin grafted onto her heel in an attempt to improve her walking. The graft seemed to be spared by the hyperkeratosis that arrested at the periphery of the graft and formed a keratotic wall. A low-tyrosine, low-phenylalanine diet was effective in clearing hyperkeratosis. PMID- 3156563 TI - Contact allergy to aziridine paint hardener. AB - A painter experienced an extensive dermatitis when exposed to a paint primer (undercoating) used to protect wood siding. The primer was an acrylic emulsion with a polyfunctional aziridine added as a self-curing cross-linker or hardener. The polyfunctional aziridine cross-linker was made by reacting propyleneimine with a polyfunctional acrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). Our patient reacted to the cross-linker and also reacted to TMPTA, which is present in excess in the cross-linker. He also cross-reacted to pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA). Both TMPTA and PETA can be used in the production of aziridine hardeners and both are well known as sensitizers in radiation-dried acrylic printing inks and coatings. PMID- 3156565 TI - Alveolar hypoventilation treated with medroxyprogesterone. AB - Two children aged 1 and 20 months developed alveolar hypoventilation syndrome. They suffered severe apnoeic episodes and periodically required assisted ventilation. Their ventilatory response to carbon dioxide was lower than that of normal children and the transcutaneous oxygen tension during sleep was well below the normal range. Treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate resulted in an improved response to carbon dioxide, and assisted ventilation was no longer needed. Oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions improved but were still slightly abnormal during sleep. There were no clinical side effects of treatment but one infant had slight pituitary suppression. PMID- 3156566 TI - Ventral hernia in the treatment of omphalocele and gastroschisis. AB - Twenty-three patients with gastroschisis or omphalocele undergoing delayed ventral herniorrhaphy were reviewed. The ventral defects resulted from elective skin flap coverage in 15 patients, prosthetic silo failure in five, and nonoperative management using escharotic agents in three. Herniorrhaphy was performed at 2 months to 15 years of age. Fascial closure was achieved in a single procedure in 15 patients (65%) and with multiple operations involving prosthetic material in five patients (22%). Three patients (13%) had prosthetic material left in their defects without sequelae. There was no operative mortality from interval herniorrhaphy, and complications were minor. We conclude that conversion of a gastroschisis or an omphalocele to a ventral hernia is strategically useful in an infant with a giant defect, prosthetic silo failure, or when associated anomalies preclude early definitive surgery. PMID- 3156568 TI - Streptozotocin therapy for malignant pheochromocytoma. PMID- 3156567 TI - Nifedipine in severely hypertensive patients with congestive heart failure and preserved ventricular systolic function. AB - Nifedipine was used successfully in nine patients with refractory hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy who had symptoms of congestive heart failure despite preserved left ventricular systolic function. The administration of 10 or 20 mg of nifedipine resulted in an acute decline in BP, from 211 +/- 8/105 +/- 6 mm Hg to 153 +/- 9/78 +/- 5 mm Hg. Six patients received nifedipine and one patient received long-term verapamil therapy (mean follow-up, 16 +/- 4 weeks). In addition to sustained BP control, signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure were greatly improved in all patients treated long term with calcium channel antagonists. No adverse reactions were reported, but a short duration of action limited their usefulness in some patients. Nifedipine seems to be particularly beneficial in this subgroup of severe hypertensive patients with heart failure presumably due to diastolic stiffness of the left ventricle. PMID- 3156569 TI - Reversal of postoperative anuria by decompressive celiotomy. AB - Postoperative oliguria or anuria can rarely be attributed to an increase in intra abdominal pressure. In this documented case, postoperative anuria responded to reduction in abdominal pressure by celiotomy. Actual abdominal pressure measurements are not available but probably would not be useful. However, hemodynamic measurements that were not consistent with diminished renal blood flow in a middle-aged patient were nevertheless associated with anuria, which responded to release of the abdominal pressure. Because of the association of regional pressure and acute renal decompensation, release of abdominal tension should be considered as a therapeutic option when hemodynamic measurements cannot explain a rapid decline in urine production. PMID- 3156570 TI - [A possible application of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: remodelling of an occluded aortocoronary bypass]. AB - The authors report the case of a 53 year old patient who had undergone triple coronary bypass surgery for unstable angina. Recurrence of chest pain 4 months after surgery led to control coronary angiography which showed severe stenosis of the proximal and distal parts of the aorto-right coronary graft. Endoluminal dilatation was performed a few days later but, during angiography, complete occlusion of the graft was observed. This was repermeabilised without difficulty and a "remodelling" of the graft was carried out. The outcome was favourable with the complete regression of symptoms. The following alternatives to surgery are discussed: in cases of thrombosis which usually occur in the month following surgery, fibrinolysis may be attempted with a high success rate but a significant risk of haemo-pericardium: in cases of fibrous proliferation of the intima leading to stenosis or occlusion, endoluminal dilatation seems to be the procedure of choice, but this must always be carried out under surgical cover. PMID- 3156571 TI - [Pulsed Doppler and bidimensional echocardiography in patent ductus arteriosus]. AB - The classical form of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) does not usually pose any difficulty in diagnosing. When the auscultatory signs are atypical, for example in the newborn or in cases with pulmonary hypertension, pulsed Doppler echocardiography may be a useful diagnostic aid. This study reports the results of pulsed Doppler examination in PDA. Twenty-four children with a suspected PDA underwent pulsed Doppler examination during 2D echocardiography. This population was divided into 2 groups; Group I: children who underwent catheterisation, and group II: in which catheterisation was not performed. The mean age in Group I was 7 years compared to 50 days in Group II, which mainly comprised newborn and premature babies. Direct visualisation of PDA by 2D echo was attempted in all cases. The search for a PDA by pulsed Doppler was made by positioning the sample volume at the bifurcation of the main pulmonary artery. PDA is associated with turbulent systolo-diastolic flow away from the transducer. Suprasternal and subcostal views were also used. In Group I (13 cases) PDA was directly visualised by 2D echo in 7 children (53 p. 100). By comparison, pulsed Doppler examination diagnosed all 13 cases of PDA; these results were confirmed at catheterisation or surgery. In Group II (11 cases) direct visualisation of PDA was successful in 6 cases (54 p. 100). Pulsed Doppler was non-specific, showing typical flow disturbances in 8 cases and systolic turbulence in 3 cases at the level of bifurcation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3156572 TI - Lymphocyte subsets in lymph nodes of homosexual men with generalized unexplained lymphadenopathy. Correlation with morphology and blood changes. AB - Frozen sections of lymph nodes from 20 homosexual men with chronic generalized lymphadenopathy and of lymph nodes showing follicular hyperplasia from 14 patients without known risk factors of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were studied with monoclonal antibodies to T-cell subsets and to the HLA-DR antigen. In T-cell areas of the lymph nodes, excluding tertiary paracortical nodules, the mean T-helper-to-T-suppressor ratio (Th/Ts) +/- 1 SEM was significantly lower in the homosexual group (1.07 +/- 0.06) when compared with the control group (2.49 +/- 0.23), P less than .0001. In seven homosexual men, cell suspensions from the same lymph nodes were analyzed using a fluorescence activated cell sorter. Results obtained by this method and by immunohistochemistry were comparable except in a homosexual man whose lymph node contained large tertiary paracortical nodules. Although the Th/Ts ratios of the blood and lymph nodes of the same patients were both low, there was not good correlation between the two sets of values (r = .2). Furthermore, there was not good correlation between blood lymphocyte count and lymph node Th/Ts ratios (r = .45). The lymph node Th/Ts ratios of the homosexual patients show less variations compared with the control group. The patient who subsequently developed multiple opportunistic infections had the lowest value. Whether the lymph node Th/Ts ratio has prognostic significance in patients with the lymphadenopathy syndrome warrants further investigation. PMID- 3156573 TI - Intimal hyperplasia as a cause of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - We describe a patient who died 96 days after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was performed. The balloon-dilated segments of the left anterior descending artery and its first diagonal branch were found to be restenosed. Histologic examination of these arterial segments showed intimal hyperplasia without lipid deposition as the cause of restenosis, rather than common atherosclerotic plaque. PMID- 3156574 TI - Low back pain: conservative treatment with artificial shock absorbers. AB - A new method of conservative treatment for low back pain (LBP) was studied by follow-up investigation of 382 patients during the last five years. The attempt to reduce repetitive impulsive intervertebral impact in the troublesome S1-L5-4 area by significant improvement of the foot's attenuational capacity through artificial viscoelastic shock absorbing was prompted by the authors' work on decreased capability of LBP spines to attenuate axially propagated walking stresses. Viscoelastic shoe inserts were used in addition to light flexible shoes as artificial shock absorbing devices. Maximal amplitudes of bone oscillation during walking were reduced by about 40% by the viscoelastic inserts. Rapid and surprisingly significant improvement of pain syndrome and patient mobility occurred in about 80% of the patients. The accelerographic patterns recorded on a sacrum of patient with LBP were unusual for a healthy subject; they usually disappeared after treatment in LBP cases. Results suggested that poor walking impact attenuation was a true cause for prolonging intervertebral structures overstrain and consequent degeneration. It seemed logical that as spine damage could be explained primarily by prolonged impulsive overstrain, treatment must include viscoelastic inserts which increase foot shock absorbing capacity and help cushion the spine. PMID- 3156575 TI - Lethal microbial synergism in intra-abdominal infections. Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis. AB - The ability of Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli to produce synergistic mortality when mixed into intraperitoneal (IP) fibrin clots was tested in rats. The addition of B fragilis (2 X 10(9) colony-forming units/clot) to E coli (2 X 10(8) colony-forming units/clot) in the clot significantly enhanced both early and late mortality rates when compared to either E coli or B fragilis alone. Multiple washings of B fragilis prior to mixing with E coli in the clot delayed the enhancement of lethality from 24 to 48 hours. By seven days, washed B fragilis was as synergistic with E coli as unwashed B fragilis plus E coli. Furthermore, unwashed killed B fragilis was as synergistic when mixed with E coli in the fibrin clot as unwashed living B fragilis. However, washed dead B fragilis plus E coli produced no greater mortality than E coli alone. The lethality of an IP clot containing E coli was significantly increased when B fragilis was mixed with it in the same clot, injected free IP, and or implanted into a separate IP clot. Intraperitoneal E coli-fibrin clot lethality was not increased by subcutaneous B fragilis and was only slightly enhanced by intravenous B fragilis inoculation. The strain of B fragilis used in these studies did not produce fibrinolysins at any concentration. The data support the idea that synergistic mortality between E coli and B fragilis in this model is caused by a heat-stable surface factor produced by B fragilis, which acts to increase the lethal effects of E coli. PMID- 3156576 TI - [Composition and histotopography of receptors in antagonist muscles of the radial area of the human forearm]. AB - The m. extensor carpi radialis longus and m. flexor carpi in newborns are richly saturated in terminal sensitive apparatuses and are presented as peculiar reflexogenic zones. Quantity and topography of receptors in these zones are similar. Nevertheless, functionally different muscle areas (both in the extensor and flexor) are not equally supplied with the receptory apparatuses. PMID- 3156577 TI - 'Top of the basilar' artery stroke in an adolescent with Down's syndrome. PMID- 3156579 TI - Lipopolysaccharide tolerance inhibits eye inflammation. II. Preliminary studies on the mechanism. AB - The effect of endotoxin tolerance on ocular inflammation was studied in rabbits. Compared with a control group, a passive Arthus reaction in tolerant rabbits was characterized by a sharp decline in the expected increase in vascular permeability and slightly reduced leukocyte extravasation. Aqueous humor withdrawal (paracentesis) and intravitreal injection of prostaglandin E2 were also examined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-tolerant rabbits; in both circumstances, ocular protein exudation was decreased. These studies suggest that the prostaglandin system is particularly affected in the ocular responses of LPS tolerant rabbits, and raise the possibility that other phenomena described in LPS tolerance may have a similar basis. PMID- 3156578 TI - Lipopolysaccharide tolerance inhibits eye inflammation. I. Reduced immune complex or lipopolysaccharide effects. AB - The effect of endotoxin tolerance on ocular inflammation was studied in rabbits. A single intravenous (IV) injection of endotoxin (bacterial lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) produced a mild acute iridocyclitis. Repeated daily (five to seven days) IV injections of LPS (5 micrograms extracted from Salmonella typhimurium) led to a state of refractoriness or LPS "tolerance," and ocular inflammation was no longer produced. In contrast to controls, in rabbits tolerant to LPS, IV LPS failed to elevate prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, or chemotactic factors in the aqueous humor. Rabbits tolerant to LPS also resisted the increase in vascular permeability normally induced by an ocular reversed passive Arthus reaction. These results demonstrated that LPS tolerance can induce anti-inflammatory effects in the eye. PMID- 3156580 TI - Antithrombotic therapy in coronary artery disease. PMID- 3156581 TI - Dye-sensitized photo-oxidation of enzymes. AB - Heart lipoamide dehydrogenase, liver alcohol dehydrogenase and egg-white lysozyme are photo-oxidized in the presence of various dye sensitizers. The photodynamic process is preceded by the binding between the enzyme and the sensitizers. Among the commonly used dyes, halogenated xanthines and thiazine are effective sensitizers for the photo-inactivation of these three enzymes. Histidine residues are the primary target for the sensitized photo-oxidation that inactivates lipoamide dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase. However, the destruction of tryptophan residues is responsible for the photo-inactivation of lysozyme. The deuterium medium effect and the quenching effect by various scavengers of the potential photo-oxidative intermediates implicate the participation of the mixed type I-type II mechanism, with the involvement of singlet oxygen being of greater importance, in the photo-inactivation of the enzymes. PMID- 3156582 TI - Purification and preliminary characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase from Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Aspergillus alcohol dehydrogenase is produced in response to growth in the presence of a wide variety of inducers, of which the most effective are short chain alcohols and ketones, e.g. butan-2-one and propan-2-ol. The enzyme can be readily extracted from fresh or freeze-dried cells and purified to homogeneity on Blue Sepharose in a single step by using specific elution with NAD+ and pyrazole. The pure enzyme has Mr 290 000 by electrophoresis or gel filtration; it is a homopolymer with subunit Mr 37 500 by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate; its amino acid composition corresponds to Mr 37 900, and the native enzyme contains one zinc atom per subunit. The enzyme is NAD-specific and has a wide substrate activity in the forward and reverse reactions; its activity profile is not identical with those of other alcohol dehydrogenases. PMID- 3156583 TI - Mannose 6-phosphate-specific receptor is a transmembrane protein with a C terminal extension oriented towards the cytosol. AB - The portion of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor (nominal Mr 180000 under nonreducing conditions) protruding at the external side of the plasma membrane of fibroblasts and HepG2 cells is susceptible to trypsin. A series of membrane-bound fragments smaller in Mr by 20000-65000 is obtained after incubation of cells with trypsin. When membranes from fibroblasts and HepG2 cells are incubated with trypsin or Staphylococcus aureus proteinase, the receptor is degraded to a single membrane-bound product smaller in Mr by about 9000. In the presence of 0.1% Triton X-100 extensive degradation of the receptor by trypsin is observed. Furthermore, the receptor in isolated membranes is sensitive to carboxypeptidase Y, which causes a decrease in Mr by about 5000 and 9000 in the absence or presence of detergent, respectively. Mannose 6-phosphate receptor appears to be a transmembrane protein with multiple trypsin-sensitive sites within its larger external (luminal) and smaller C-terminal (cytosolic) portions of the molecule. PMID- 3156584 TI - Phospholipid association with the bovine cardiac mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase. AB - The association of different phospholipids with a lipid-depleted oligomycin sensitive ATPase from bovine cardiac mitochondria [Serrano, Kanner & Racker (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 2453-2461] has been examined using three approaches. First, reconstitution of the ATPase with different synthetic diacyl phospholipids resulted in a 2-10-fold stimulation of ATPase specific activity depending upon the particular phospholipid employed. The phospholipid headgroup region displayed the following order of ATPase reactivation potential: dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol greater than dioleoylphosphatidic acid greater than dioleoylphosphatidylcholine. Furthermore, the ATPase showed higher levels of specific activity when reconstituted with dioleoyl phospholipid derivatives compared with dimyristoyl derivatives. Second, examination of the phospholipid remaining associated with the lipid-depleted ATPase upon purification showed that phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol were present. No relative enrichment of any of these phospholipids (compared with their distribution in submitochondrial particles) was noted. Therefore, no preferential association between the ATPase and any one phospholipid could be found in the mitochondrial ATPase. Third, the sodium cholate-mediated phospholipid exchange procedure was employed for studying the phospholipid requirements of the ATPase. Replacement of about 50% of the mitochondrial phospholipid remaining with the lipid-depleted ATPase could be achieved utilizing either synthetic phosphatidic acid or phosphatidylcholine. Examination of the displaced mitochondrial phospholipid showed that phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol were replaced with equal facility. PMID- 3156586 TI - The mechanism of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase at pH8. AB - The mechanism of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase was investigated by measurement of fluxes, isotope trapping and steady-state velocities at pH8 in triethanolamine/HCl buffer with 4 mM free Mg2+. Most observations were made at I0.2. The ratio Flux of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate----fructose 6-phosphate/Flux of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate----ATP at zero ATP concentration increased hyperbolically from unity to about 3.2 as the concentration of fructose 6 phosphate was increased. Similarly, the ratio Flux of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate-- -ATP/Flux of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate----fructose 6-phosphate at zero fructose 6 phosphate concentration increased from unity to about 1.4 as the concentration of ATP was increased. The addition of substrates must therefore be random, whatever the other aspects of the reaction. Further, from the plateau values of the ratios, it follows that the substrates dissociate very infrequently from the ternary complex and that at a low substrate concentration 72% of the reaction follows the pathway in which ATP adds first to the enzyme. Isotope-trapping studies with [32P]ATP confirmed that ATP can bind first to the enzyme in rate limiting step and that dissociation of ATP from the ternary complex is slow in relation to the forward reaction. No isotope trapping of [U-14C]-fructose 6 phosphate could be demonstrated. The ratios Flux of ATP----fructose 1,6 bisphosphate/Flux of ATP----ADP measured at zero ADP concentration and the reciprocal of the ratio measured at zero fructose 1,6-bisphosphate concentration did not differ significantly from unity. Calculated values for these ratios based on the kinetics of the reverse reaction and assuming ordered dissociations of products or a ping-pong mechanism gave values very significantly greater than unity. These findings exclude an ordered dissociation or a substantial contribution from a ping-pong mechanism, and it is concluded that the reaction is sequential and that dissociation of products is random. Rate constants were calculated for the steps in the enzyme reaction. The results indicate a considerable degree of co-operativity in the binding between the two substrates. The observations on phosphofructokinase are discussed in relation to methods of measurement and interpretation of flux ratios and in relation to the mechanism of other kinase enzymes. PMID- 3156587 TI - Functional lysosomal hydrolase size as determined by radiation inactivation analysis. AB - Electron inactivation analysis with 16 MeV electrons was used to determine the functional target size of a number of commonly studied lysosomal hydrolases. Observed values ranged from a low of 62 000 +/- 4000 Da for beta-galactosidase to a high of 200 000 +/- 17 500 Da (mouse beta-glucuronidase). One group of lysosomal hydrolases (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-beta galactosaminidase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-mannosidase, beta-glucosidase, arylsulphatase A and sphingomyelinase) had target sizes in the range 100 000-120 000 Da, whereas alpha-glucosidase and alpha-fucosidase exist as complex multimers in the 150 000-160 000 Da range. Analysis of freeze-dried cell material showed little evidence of species (mouse versus human) variation in the functional size of most lysosomal hydrolases with the exception of beta-glucuronidase. Our findings suggest the potential usefulness of lysosomal hydrolases as endogenous marker enzymes in studies where the target size of proteins of unknown molecular mass is to be determined. PMID- 3156585 TI - Phosphorylation and functional modifications of sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrils in isolated rabbit hearts stimulated with isoprenaline. AB - Isoprenaline stimulation of perfused rabbit hearts was associated with simultaneous phosphorylation of proteins in the myofilaments and phospholamban in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing [32P]Pi, freeze-clamped in a control condition or at the peak of the inotropic response to isoprenaline, and myofibrils and SR were prepared from the same hearts. Stimulation of 32P incorporation in troponin I (TnI) and C-protein by isoprenaline was associated with a decrease in Ca2+-sensitivity of the myofibrillar Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity. Stimulation of 32P incorporation in SR by isoprenaline was associated with an increase in the initial rates of oxalate-facilitated Ca2+ transport, assayed with SR vesicles in either microsomal fractions or homogenates from the perfused hearts. These findings provide evidence that phosphorylation of TnI, C-protein and phospholamban in the intact cell is associated with functional alterations of the myofibrils and SR which may be responsible in part for the effects of catecholamines on the mammalian myocardium. PMID- 3156589 TI - 5'-O-Palmitoyl- and 3',5'-O-dipalmitoyl-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine--novel lipophilic analogues of 5'-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine: synthesis, incorporation into liposomes and preliminary biological results. AB - 5'-O-palmitoyl- and 3',5'-O-dipalmitoyl-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine were prepared by the reaction of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine in dimethylacetamide with palmitic acid chloride. The incorporation of the synthesized prodrugs into liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine/stearylamine/cholesterol/alpha-tocopherol at a molar ratio of 10:1:2:0.05 was nearly quantitative; homogeneous bilayer vesicles (75 nm diameter) were obtained. Preliminary tolerance studies revealed that the prodrug liposome preparations are about 20-60 times more toxic than the parent drug. The prodrugs incorporated into liposomes were 10 to 30 times more active against murine colon 38 carcinoma compared to the free drug. In comparison to the administration of the prodrugs in peanut oil the liposomal preparations seem to exert improved effects and represent a valuable drug delivery system for parenteral applications. PMID- 3156588 TI - Presence of a high-affinity Ca2+- and Mg2+-dependent ATPase in rat peritoneal mast-cell membranes. AB - Purified perigranular and plasma membranes isolated from rat peritoneal mast cells were examined for Ca2+- and Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity. Isolated perigranular membranes contained only a low-affinity Ca2+- or Mg2+-dependent ATPase (Km greater than 0.5 mM). The plasma membranes contained both a low affinity Ca2+- or Mg2+-dependent ATPase (Km = 0.4 mM, Vmax. = 20 nmol of Pi/min per mg), as well as a high-affinity Ca2+- and Mg2+-dependent ATPase (Km = 0.2 microM, Vmax. = 6 nmol of Pi/min per mg). PMID- 3156590 TI - Relationship between membrane-bound protein kinase C activity and calcium dependent proliferation of BALB/c 3T3 cells. AB - Extracellular calcium-deprivation inhibited the proliferation of BALB/c 3T3 cells and this inhibition correlated with a loss of protein kinase C activity from the particulate fraction. Addition of calcium induced proliferation of the cells with the DNA synthetic activity returning to the control rate at 18 hours following calcium addition. The level of protein kinase C activity in the particulate fraction was monitored at various times after calcium addition and increased in parallel with the DNA synthetic activity. PMID- 3156591 TI - Trinitrophenylation of smooth muscle myosin. AB - The reaction of trinitrobenzenesulfonate with gizzard myosin was studied. The initial phase of the reaction involved two residues and at this level of modification the following was observed: the Mg2+-ATPase of myosin, the actin activated ATPase of phosphorylated myosin and the phosphorylation kinetics of myosin were not affected. However, trinitrophenylation did induce an activation of the actin-activated ATPase of dephosphorylated myosin and in this respect mimicked the effect of light chain phosphorylation. The Mg2+-dependence of actin activated ATPase also is altered on trinitrophenylation. These alterations of enzymatic properties could be at least partly explained by the finding that trinitrophenylation favored the 6S conformation of myosin. PMID- 3156593 TI - [3H]-Nitrendipine binding in developing dissociated fetal mouse spinal cord neurons. AB - The development of [3H]-nitrendipine binding was investigated in spinal cord neurons. Kinetic studies indicated two classes of binding sites which were present throughout development and the dissociation constants (Kd) and Bmax increased during development. [3H]-nitrendipine binding during development was characterized by a plateau on days 3-5 with maximal binding observed on day 19 after plating. PMID- 3156592 TI - Diacylglycerol inhibits gap junctional communication in cultured epidermal cells: evidence for a role of protein kinase C. AB - Incubation of mouse epidermal HEL-37 cells with 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG) caused a dose-dependent and transient inhibition of the transfer of microinjected fluorescein between contacting cells. Soluble extracts of HEL-37 cells contained protein kinase C activity after fractionation on DEAE-cellulose and translocation of this activity to the particulate fraction occurred after 10 min exposure to OAG or to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate (TPA). After 18 h exposure to TPA essentially all the protein kinase C activity was lost. In such TPA treated cells the transfer of microinjected fluorescein was refractory to inhibition by both TPA and OAG. PMID- 3156594 TI - Effects of mercaptans upon dihydropyridine binding sites on transverse tubules isolated from triads of rabbit skeletal muscle. AB - The binding of nitrendipine to transverse (T) tubules isolated from skeletal muscle triads is inhibited by dithiothreitol (KI approximately 0.05 mM) and glutathione (KI approximately 3 mM). The t 1/2's of inhibition (18.3 and 11.5 min, respectively) suggest that these hydrophylic reagents act upon the exposed surface of the vesicles. Dithiothreitol shifts the apparent KD for nitrendipine from 8.5 nM to 30 nM without altering the Bmax extrapolated by Scatchard analysis. That T-tubules isolated by disruption of triad junctions are constrained to have the protoplasmic (P) face uniformly exposed was experimentally confirmed. These studies show that a sulfhydryl residue on the P face of the T-tubule influences the affinity of the receptor for dihydropyridines. PMID- 3156596 TI - Occurrence of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in brain. AB - In order to determine whether or not atrial natriuretic polypeptides (ANPs) exist in the brain, we have studied extracts from the rat brain using a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for alpha-atrial natriuretic polypeptide. The presence and widespread distribution of alpha-rat ANP-like immunoreactivity (alpha-rANP-LI) have been demonstrated in the rat brain. The highest concentration of alpha-rANP LI (20-22 ng/g) is in the hypothalamus and the septum. Moderate concentrations of alpha-rANP-LI (2-8 ng/g) are also found in the midbrain, cerebral cortex, olfactory bulb, thalamus, pons-medulla and hippocampus. High performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with the RIA revealed that alpha-rANP-LI found in the rat brain consists of three components eluting at the positions of gamma rat ANP (gamma-rANP), beta-rat ANP (beta-rANP) and alpha-rANP, respectively. Among these a low molecular weight form of alpha-rANP-LI emerging at the elution position corresponding to alpha-rANP is predominant in the rat brain. This is in contrast to the finding that gamma-rANP, a high molecular weight form of 13k daltons is the dominant form of alpha-rANP-LI in the rat atrium. These results clearly show that there exists a widespread neural system containing ANPs in the brain. PMID- 3156595 TI - TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) causes increases in protein kinases particularly protein kinase C in the hepatic plasma membrane of the rat and the guinea pig. AB - To study the cause of TCDD-evoked changes in the functions of plasma membrane constituents TCDD's effects on protein kinase activities in the liver of rats and guinea pigs were investigated. TCDD was found to cause a sharp increase in both c AMP independent and dependent protein kinase activities in plasma membrane preparations from rat liver within 48 hours from the time of administration. Such effects reached maxima around day 20, and were quite noticeable even 40 days after a single administration of TCDD. As a result of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis several substrate proteins for these increased protein kinases were observed. Among them are 170 K - 150 K bands, representing EGF receptor protein. TCDD was found to particularly stimulate protein kinase C which is known to influence many enzyme and receptor functions through protein phosphorylation. The possible significance of such an action of TCDD is discussed. PMID- 3156598 TI - Plasma binding of LHRH and nafarelin acetate, a highly potent LHRH agonist. AB - The binding of LHRH and [6-(3-(2-naphthyl)-D-Ala]LHRH (nafarelin acetate), a highly potent LHRH agonist, to plasma proteins was investigated in vitro by equilibrium dialysis at 4 degrees C with fresh plasma from normal human subjects, female rhesus monkeys, and female rats. Over a wide range of concentrations (10( 8) to 10(-5) M), 78-84% of nafarelin acetate and only 22-25% of LHRH were bound to undiluted plasma. With 10% plasma, the extent of binding was 31-37%, and 0.9 4.2% for nafarelin acetate and LHRH, respectively. Albumin was shown to play a predominant role in the plasma binding of the two compounds. The considerable differences in the extent of binding of nafarelin acetate and LHRH to plasma may contribute to some of the differences in pharmacokinetic parameters observed for the two compounds. PMID- 3156597 TI - Inhibition of phospholipid/Ca2+-dependent protein kinase and phosphorylation of leukemic cell proteins by CP-46,665-1, a novel antineoplastic lipoidal amine. AB - CP-46,665-1, an antineoplastic lipoidal amine, was found to inhibit phospholipid/Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (PL/Ca-PK, or protein kinase C), with an IC50 (concentration causing a 50% inhibition) of 10 microM. Its inhibition of the enzyme was reversed by phosphatidylserine, but not by Ca2+. The agent also inhibited the enzyme activity which was further augmented by 12-0 tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), mezerein or diolein. Phosphorylation of endogenous proteins from HL-60 cells by the enzyme, with or without being further augmented by TPA, was inhibited by CP-46,665-1 as well as by alkyllysophospholipid (an antineoplastic agent). CP-46,665-1, while without effect on cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, also inhibited myosin light chain kinase (a calmodulin/Ca2+-dependent protein kinase). The present findings suggest that inhibition of the Ca2+-effector enzymes may be related in part to the antimetastatic activity of the lipoidal amine. PMID- 3156599 TI - Antagonism of prostaglandin-mediated responses in platelets and vascular smooth muscle by 13-azaprostanoic acid analogs. Evidence for selective blockade of thromboxane A2 responses. AB - Studies were undertaken to examine the pharmacological properties and stereochemical requirements of a limited series of prostanoic acid analogs for inhibition of arachidonic acid (AA) and/or endoperoxide (U46619)-mediated responses in human platelets and rat aorta. To assess the role of stereochemistry, a set of trans- and cis-isomers of 13-azaprostanoic acid (APA) and 11a-homo-13-azaprostanoic acid (HAPA) were prepared. Each prostanoic acid analog blocked AA- or U46619-induced aggregatory and secretory responses in platelets, and U46619-mediated contractions of rat aorta in a concentration dependent manner (0.1 to 100 microM). The azaprostanoic acid analogs blocked responses to both inducers of platelet activation with IC50 values ranging from 3.4 to 27.5 microM. Trans-APA was about 2- to 3-fold more active as an antagonist of serotonin release induced by AA or U46619 than the remaining analogs. The rank order of inhibitory potency (IC50; microM) for these analogs against U46619 induced serotonin release in human platelets was trans-APA (3.4) greater than cis APA (8.9) = cis-HAPA (8.7) = trans-HAPA (9.1). Concentrations of the prostanoic acid analogs required to block these responses to AA and U46619 were similar, and the highest concentration used (100 microM) did not modify AA-induced malondialdehyde production in human platelet preparations. In contrast, the isomers of APA and HAPA were equally active as antagonists of U46619-induced contractions of rat vascular tissue, possessing KB values varying from 7.1 to 13.2 microM. Each azaprostanoic acid analog shifted the concentration-response curve of U46619 in rat aorta to the right, indicating a competitive-type inhibition. In addition, the azoprostanoic acid analog (U51605) was a more potent competitive antagonist of U46619 in this preparation and possessed an average pKB value of 6.18. In summary, the results show that (1) expansion of the five membered ring of APA to the six-membered ring analogs (HAPA) led to a retention of potent inhibitory activity against U46619 in human platelets and rat vascular smooth muscle, (2) the antiaggregatory and antisecretory actions of the azaprostanoic acid analogs were mediated by a blockade of the responses to AA and U46619, and not by an inhibition of AA metabolism, (3) the blocking activity for the APA isomers was stereoselective (trans greater than cis) whereas the isomers of HAPA were equally effective as inhibitors of platelet function; and (4) these azaprostanoic acid analogs act as selective endoperoxide (U46619)/thromboxane A2 antagonists in these two tissues. PMID- 3156600 TI - Contribution of non-ADH pathways to ethanol oxidation in hepatocytes from fed and hyperthyroid rats. Effect of fructose and xylitol. AB - The metabolism of (1R)[1-3H]ethanol, [2-3H]lactate or [2-3H]xylitol was studied in hepatocytes from fed or T3-treated rats in the presence or absence of fructose or xylitol. The yields of tritium in ethanol, lactate, water, glycerol and glucose were determined. A simple model, describing the metabolic fate of tritium from these substrates is presented. The model allows estimation of the ethanol oxidation rate by the non-alcohol dehydrogenase pathways from the relative yield of tritium in water and glucose. The calculations are based on a comparison of the fate of the 1-proR-hydrogen of ethanol and the hydrogen bound to carbon 2 of lactate (or xylitol) under identical condition. In our calculations we have taken into account that the reactions catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase are reversible and that lactate or ethanol labelled during the metabolism of the other tritiated substrates will contribute to the tritium found in water. The contribution of non-ADH pathways to ethanol oxidation varied from 10 to 50% and was correlated to changes in the lactate/pyruvate ratio from 80 to 500. In T3-treated rats the activity of non-ADH pathways were greater than in fed rats for the same lactate/pyruvate ratio. PMID- 3156601 TI - Effect of streptozotocin on the glutathione S-transferases of mouse liver cytosol. AB - Streptozotocin (STZ) increased the activity of mouse hepatic glutathione (GSH) S transferases assayed with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Nicotinamide administered prior to STZ prevented the hyperglycemia indicative of STZ-induced diabetes, but had no effect on the increase in GSH S-transferase activity caused by the drug. Another diabetogenic agent, alloxan, did not alter GSH S-transferase activity. Thus, streptozotocin may be increasing GSH S-transferase activity directly, and not as a result of the diabetic state the drug induces. Two transferases were characterized from mouse liver cytosol. One was a homodimer with a subunit molecular weight of about 28,000 and a pI of about 8.2. The other was also a homodimer with a subunit molecular weight of about 27,500 and a pI of about 9.2. The pI 8.2 GSH S-transferase was induced by STZ, while the pI 9.2 transferase was decreased by the drug. At least one other transferase appeared to be induced by STZ. Two other nitroso compounds, chlorozotocin and diethylnitrosamine, also increased GSH S-transferase activity, suggesting that this effect may be nitroso related. PMID- 3156602 TI - Irreversible blockade of central 5-HT binding sites by 8-methoxy-2'-chloro-PAT. AB - We have synthesized 8-methoxy-2-(N-2'-chloropropyl, N-propyl) aminotetralin (8 methoxy-2'-chloro-PAT), an alkylating agent derived from the potent 5-HT agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(N,N-dipropyl)-aminotetralin (PAT). As expected for an irreversible ligand, the blockade of 3H-PAT or 3H-5-HT binding to post-synaptic 5-HT1 (A and B) sites in rat hippocampal membranes pretreated with 8-methoxy-2'-chloro-PAT could not be prevented by extensive washing of membranes. Prior occupancy of 5 HT1 sites by 5-HT or PAT prevented any subsequent irreversible blockade by the alkylating agent. Similar irreversible blockade by 8-methoxy-2'-chloro-PAT was found on 3H-PAT binding to striatal membranes suggesting that presynaptic 5-HT binding sites (see Gozlan et al., Nature, Lond. 305, 140, 1983) were sensitive also to the alkylating agent. In contrast, the modifying agent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) reduced markedly 3H-PAT binding to postsynaptic hippocampal 5-HT1 sites, but did not alter 3H-PAT binding to striatal presynaptic 5-HT sites. Although 8 methoxy-2'-chloro-PAT bound irreversibly to different classes of 5-HT binding sites (5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, presynaptic sites), it can be considered a selective alkylating agent, since it exerted no action on 3H-spiperone binding to 5-HT2 sites, 3H-muscimol binding to GABA sites, or 3H-flunitrazepam binding to benzodiazepine sites. PMID- 3156603 TI - Effects of long-term procainamide therapy on immunoglobulin synthesis. AB - Procainamide is a potent inducer of autoantibodies. In order to evaluate the immunologic effects of this drug in vivo, 23 cardiac disease patients who had received procainamide for at least 6 months and an equal number of matched cardiac disease control subjects were studied, and percentage of circulating T cell subsets, concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell activity, and pokeweed mitogen--stimulated generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells was quantitated. There was no significant difference between patient and control groups in the percentage of T cell subsets defined by OKT4 and OKT8 monoclonal antibodies or in concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell activity. The numbers of pokeweed mitogen- induced immunoglobulin-secreting cells were markedly decreased in the patient group, as measured by the protein A-augmented reverse hemolytic plaque assay (3,000 +/- 644, mean +/- SEM in patients versus 10,826 +/- 1,529, mean +/- SEM in control subjects, P less than 0.005). Removal of the adherent cell fraction did not improve the hyporesponsiveness. When B and T cell fractions of 6 patients were mixed with normal T and B cell fractions, all of the patients demonstrated diminished B cell responses, and one-half also had diminished T cell responses. Addition of patient adherent cells to a co-culture of normal B cells with deficient patient T cells restored plaque formation to normal levels, suggesting that the T cell defect was correctable by a macrophage-derived factor. The data obtained suggest that procainamide exerts an immuno-suppressive action on both B and T cell function in patients receiving this drug. PMID- 3156604 TI - Tarsal coalition. PMID- 3156605 TI - Defective immune adherence receptors (CR1) on erythrocytes in autoimmune diseases: an association with HLA-Cw3. PMID- 3156606 TI - [Vectors of human onchocerciasis in the neotropical region]. PMID- 3156607 TI - [Acute diarrhea syndrome. Rehydration and maintenance therapy using oral gluco electrolyte formulas]. PMID- 3156608 TI - [Family and family health. A focus for primary care]. PMID- 3156609 TI - [New Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyocinotypes in childhood infections]. PMID- 3156610 TI - [Programming of the laboratory at the primary level of health care]. PMID- 3156611 TI - [Individual reactions to natural disasters]. PMID- 3156612 TI - [Effectiveness of injectable contraceptives in Mexican women]. PMID- 3156613 TI - The use of midazolam for intravenous sedation in general dental practice. An open assessment. PMID- 3156614 TI - Comparison of midazolam, diazepam and placebo i.m. as premedication for regional anaesthesia. A randomized double-blind study. AB - In a randomized double-blind study, midazolam 0.1 mg kg-1 i.m. was compared with diazepam 0.2 mg kg-1 and placebo as premedication for patients undergoing urological interventions under spinal anaesthesia. The sedative and anxiolytic effects of midazolam were evident 5-10 min after administration, and were maximum between 30 and 90 min. After this, rapid recovery was observed. More than 90% of the patients receiving midazolam were totally or partially amnesic for the procedures in the induction room and the operation theatre. Amnesia was not seen in the patients receiving diazepam or placebo and, in contrast to midazolam, diazepam had almost no sleep-inducing effect. In a few patients, the depth of sleep achieved with midazolam 0.1 mg kg-1 was such that co-operation was impaired. PMID- 3156615 TI - Strength of the human mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and its suppression by azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine. AB - Azathioprine (36 microM) had a significantly (P less than 0.00003) greater inhibitory effect on human MLR responses below 20,000 counts/min than on responses above 20,000 counts/min. In contrast, 6-mercaptopurine (100 microM) had a similar suppressive effect on MLR responses below and above 20,000 counts/min suggesting it has a different mode of action to azathioprine. PMID- 3156617 TI - An alternative pharmacological approach to the detection of anti-androgenic drugs for acne therapy. AB - Both testosterone and dihydrotestosterone may be able to stimulate sebaceous glands, and the glandular function may continue under direct testosterone control in the presence of 5 alpha-reductase blockade. Antagonism of sebaceous gland hypertrophy, induced by exogenous testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, has been studied in the hairless hamster using established and experimental drugs applied topically. The results support the proposition that testosterone plays a direct role in mediating sebaceous gland response. This suggests possibilities for the design of sebum inhibitory drugs with minimal systemic anti-androgenic side effects. PMID- 3156616 TI - In vivo detection and partial characterization of effector and suppressor cell populations in spleens of mice with large metastatic fibrosarcomas. AB - The MC-2 fibrosarcoma, which is a transplantable tumour syngeneic for BALB/c mice, metastasizes to lymph nodes draining subcutaneous inoculation sites, and also to the lungs. T cell-mediated immunity was detected in Winn assays using spleens from excision immunized mice. T cell-mediated anti-tumour immunity was also detected in spleens from mice with small tumours but disappeared as the tumour burden increased. Protective immune spleen cell activity in the Winn assay was inhibited by prior addition of spleen cells from mice with large tumours, causing increased tumour incidence. Splenic metastases occasionally occurred in the MC-2 model, but were not demonstrable by bioassay in any of the experiments detecting splenic suppressor cell activity. In vivo protective activity was restored to advanced-stage tumour-bearer spleens by whole-body ionizing irradiation (0.5 and 2.5 Gy) of donor mice 15 h before sampling. Spleen cells from mice with small tumours remained protective after 1.5, 2.5 and 4.0 Gy of irradiation in vivo. These results are consistent with the properties of radiosensitive suppressor T cells. In contrast to reports in other tumour models, suppressor cells were not detected until late in the course of MC-2 development. This is surprising in view of the aggressively metastatic nature of MC-2. It is postulated that modulation of the anti-tumour immune response by the suppressor cells is associated with metastasis in this tumour model. The late appearance of both suppressor cells and metastatic cells in the spleen may reflect similar processes occurring earlier in regional lymph nodes. PMID- 3156618 TI - Erythroderma due to etretinate. PMID- 3156620 TI - The morbidity of bicoronal flaps in maxillofacial surgery. AB - Bicoronal flaps have been used in neurosurgery to gain access to the anterior cranium for over a century. A previous paper by Henderson and Jackson (1973) described the good access afforded by the flap for Le Fort II osteotomies. This paper reviews the morbidity of the procedure in 24 patients in whom bicoronal flaps were raised for access to the mid and upper facial skeleton. PMID- 3156619 TI - Back pain and heavy physical work: a comparative study of concrete reinforcement workers and maintenance house painters. AB - In an investigation of the effect of heavy physical work on the back 217 concrete reinforcement workers aged 25-54 and a reference group of 202 house painters of similar age were interviewed about their back symptoms. Data on occupational history, accidents, and leisure time activities were collected with a questionnaire. The cumulative incidence rate of sciatic pain was significantly higher among the reinforcement workers than the painters. As regards the occurrence of lumbago and non-specific back pain, however, the groups were alike. In both occupational groups sciatic pain during the previous 12 months was associated with earlier back accidents (odds ratio 2.8, 95% confidence interval 1.8-4.5). The accident rate of the reinforcement workers was higher than that of the painters, and this difference seemed to explain their higher rate of sciatic pain. PMID- 3156621 TI - The anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone and therapeutic ultrasound in oral surgery. AB - A single blind, controlled trial was carried out to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of 10 mg dexamethasone given pre- and post-operatively and also ultrasound therapy in patients following the removal of impacted lower third molars. Facial swelling and trismus were significantly reduced in both the dexamethasone- and the ultrasound-treated groups compared with an untreated control group. This first report of the anti-inflammatory properties of ultrasound in a controlled clinical trial indicates its potential clinical use in reducing post-operative morbidity in oral surgery. PMID- 3156622 TI - Osteomyelitis of the jaws: a review of 141 cases. AB - A survey of 141 cases of osteomyelitis of the jaws is presented. The salient clinical features, the aetiology and treatment of the lesions are described. A high incidence of the disease in the maxilla is noted. Lesions of the maxilla mainly occurred in patients in the first decade of life, whilst those of the mandible affected individuals in the third decade. The possible relationship between infection, blood supply to the jaw bone, and associated debilitating conditions is examined. PMID- 3156623 TI - Tetanus associated with dental sepsis. AB - A case of tetanus is described in a 71-year-old female. Her initial presentation was trismus and dysphagia following a tongue laceration by grossly carious teeth. Subsequently, she developed muscular spasm which led to the diagnosis of tetanus. This paper discusses tetanus generally, and the management of the condition. PMID- 3156624 TI - Cat scratch disease of the head and neck. PMID- 3156625 TI - Haemophilic pseudotumours of the mandible: report of a case in a one-year-old child. AB - Pseudotumours of bone are an uncommon complication of severe haemophilia and only seven cases occurring in the mandible have been reported previously in the English literature. If treated early the condition appears to have a better prognosis and so it should be included in the differential diagnosis of any slowly progressive swelling of hard and soft tissues occurring in a patient with severe haemophilia. However aspiration and biopsy should be avoided if possible. Previous authors have advocated a variety of invasive procedures for this condition. A further case is described which is unique in the age at which the bilateral lesions developed, in the successful outcome of conservative management and in the dental observations. PMID- 3156626 TI - Lipodystrophy: a case report of partial lipodystrophy. PMID- 3156627 TI - A maxillary oversplint. PMID- 3156628 TI - Candida glabrata (syn. Torulopsis glabrata) associated with a chronic hyperplastic lesion of the palate. AB - A case initially presenting as chronic hyperplastic candidosis is described. After treatment with nystatin on three separate occasions over a seven-year period, a lesion similar to that diagnosed originally occurred in the same site. Further examination of this later occurrence showed it to be associated with the imperfect fungus Candida glabrata which had a high minimum inhibitory concentration for nystatin (greater than 30 micrograms/ml). The lesion eventually resolved following treatment with miconazole gel and surgical excision of the hyperplastic tissue. The patient has remained symptomless for a two-year follow up period. PMID- 3156629 TI - A dental root in the ostium of the maxillary antrum. AB - Displacement of dental roots into the maxillary antrum during the attempted extraction of teeth is not an uncommon occurrence. Their subsequent discharge from the antrum into the nose is a recognised possibility. A case is reported of a dental root so displaced and found at operation to be in the ostium of the maxillary antrum, and it is speculated as to how it arrived there. PMID- 3156630 TI - Oral blood blisters: angina bullosa haemorrhagica. PMID- 3156631 TI - Poly(deoxyadenylic-deoxythymidylic acid) damage by radiolytically activated neocarzinostatin. AB - The anaerobic reaction of poly(deoxyadenylic-deoxythymidylic acid) with neocarzinostatin activated by the carboxyl radical CO2-, an electron donor generated from gamma-ray radiolysis of nitrous oxide saturated formate buffer, has been characterized. DNA damage includes base release and strand breaks. Few strand breaks are formed prior to alkaline treatment; they bear 3'-phosphoryl termini. In contrast, most (66%) of the base release occurs spontaneously. DNA damage is highly (95%) specific for thymidine sites. Neither DNA-drug covalent adduct nor nucleoside 5'-aldehyde, which are major products in the DNA-nicking reaction initiated by mercaptans and oxygen, is formed in this reaction. Data are presented to show that the CO2(-)-activated neocarzinostatin intermediate is a short-lived free radical able to abstract hydrogen atoms from the C-1' and C-5' positions of deoxyribose. Attack occurs mostly (68%) at the C-1' position, producing a lesion whose properties are consistent with those of (oxidized) apyrimidinic sites. PMID- 3156632 TI - Determination of the free-energy coupling between ATP and an affinity label attached to rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase. AB - The smallest enzymatically active form of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase is a tetramer of four identical or nearly identical monomers. The enzyme is inhibited by ATP, and this inhibition by ATP is relieved by the activating adenine nucleotides adenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate, AMP, and ADP. Each monomer contains one binding site specific for the inhibitor ATP and another site specific for the activating adenine nucleotides. The enzyme can also be activated by covalently labeling the activating adenine nucleotide binding sites with the affinity label 5'-[p-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl]adenosine. These activator binding sites on the enzyme have been covalently labeled to various degrees, ranging from an average value of less than one label per tetramer to four labels per tetramer, and the free-energy coupling, delta Gxy, between the covalently bound affinity label and ATP binding at the inhibitory site was determined. For enzyme preparations containing four labels per tetramer, delta Gxy is approximately 1 kcal/mol at pH 6.95 and 25 degrees C. A very significant free-energy coupling is observed in those preparations containing an average of one label per tetramer and less, and the change in delta Gxy in going from native tetramers to ones containing an average of two labels per tetramer is twice as great as the change in delta Gxy observed in going from tetramers containing an average of two labels per tetramer to ones containing four labels per tetramer, suggesting that modification of the final two monomers in the tetramer contributes much less to the antagonistic effect on ATP binding than does modification of the first two monomers in the tetramer. PMID- 3156633 TI - ATP-dependent calcium uptake activity associated with a disk membrane fraction isolated from bovine retinal rod outer segments. AB - Ca2+ sequestration and release from disks of rod outer segments may play a critical role in visual transduction. An ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake activity has been identified in association with purified disks of bovine rod outer segments. A crude preparation of osmotically active disks was obtained from rod outer segments by hypoosmotic shock and subsequent flotation on a 5% Ficoll 400 solution. These "crude" disks were further purified by separation into two distinct components by centrifugation in a linear Ficoll gradient. Disks comprised the major component; at least 60% of the protein was rhodopsin. This fraction also contained a Ca2+ uptake activity stimulated approximately 4-fold by ATP. The initial rate was approximately 0.21 nmol of Ca2+ (mg of protein)-1 min 1. Most of the ATP-dependent accumulation of 45Ca2+ was released by the calcium ionophore A23187. The uptake activity was sensitive to vanadate (Ki approximately 20 microM) and insensitive to the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake inhibitor ruthenium red (10 microM). The ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake exhibited Michaelis-Menten activation kinetics with respect to [Ca2+] (Km approximately 6 microM). The osmotic properties of the sealed disk membranes were exploited to determine whether the association of Ca2+ transport activity with the disks was merely coincidental. The sedimentation properties of these disks, upon centrifugation on a second Ficoll linear density gradient, varied with the osmolarity of the gradient solution. In several separate gradient solutions of differing osmotic and ionic strengths, the Ca2+ uptake activity always comigrated with the disks. These results indicate that the ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake activity was physically associated with sealed native disk membranes. The characteristics of the Ca2+ uptake activity suggest that it may play a major role in the regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ levels in rod cells in vivo. PMID- 3156634 TI - Phase behavior of membranes reconstituted from dipentadecanoylphosphatidylcholine and the Mg2+-dependent, Ca2+-stimulated adenosinetriphosphatase of sarcoplasmic reticulum: evidence for a disrupted lipid domain surrounding protein. AB - A new method was used for reconstituting active sodium deoxycholate solubilized Ca2+-ATPase of rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. Removal of the detergent by dialysis at the pretransition temperature of the pure lipid (22 degrees C) favored the formation of sheet-like structures with a lipid and protein content close to that of the detergent-solubilized sample. Freeze fracture electron micrographs revealed the Ca2+-ATPase to be organized in rows corresponding to the typical banded pattern seen in low-temperature freeze fracture micrographs of pure lipid bilayers. Incubation of the sheetlike structures at a temperature (38 degrees C) above the pure lipid main phase transition (33.5 degrees C) caused closure of the sheets into vesicles displaying homogeneous intramembranous particle distributions, at least for membranes containing less than 150 lipids per Ca2+-ATPase. However, in membranes of higher lipid content, free lipid patches were seen both above and below the lipid phase transition. By use of high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry, three classes of excess heat capacity peaks were observed in the vesiculated samples. A broadened "free lipid" peak occurred for samples containing between 550 and 200 lipids per protein (Tm = 33.5 degrees C, as for the order-disorder transition in pure lipid vesicles). Between 200 and 150 lipids per Ca2+-ATPase, a broad shoulder became apparent in the range of 29-32 degrees C. Below 150 lipids per Ca2+-ATPase, a peak at 26-28 degrees C became increasingly prominent with lower lipid content. At a lipid to protein ratio of about 30, no peaks in heat capacity were observed. The temperature dependence of diphenylhexatriene fluorescence anisotropy revealed a similar pattern of membrane phase behavior, except that a phase transition was detected at 33.5 degrees C in all membranes studied. On the basis of these observations, we propose that the Ca2+-ATPase is surrounded by a "lipid annulus" of motionally inhibited lipid molecules that do not contribute to a calorimetrically detectable phase transition. Beyond the annulus, "secondary domains" of disrupted lipid packing account for the peak at 26-28 degrees C and the 29-32 degrees C shoulders. At high lipid to protein ratios, the secondary domains coexist with protein-free, lipid-bilayer patches, which account for the peak at 33.5 degrees C. PMID- 3156635 TI - UDPglucose-ceramide glucosyltransferase from porcine submaxillary glands is associated with the Golgi apparatus. AB - Subcellular distribution of pig submaxillary gland UDPglucose-ceramide glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.80), the enzyme which catalyses the first step during the sequential addition of carbohydrate moieties for ganglioside biosynthesis, was studied. The results presented strongly suggest that in pig submaxillary gland, the transfer of glucose on endogenous or exogenous ceramides takes place in the Golgi apparatus: the specific activity of UDPglucose-ceramide glucosyltransferase increased in parallel with the activity of a known marker of the Golgi apparatus, UDPgalactose-ovomucoid galactosyltransferase. The specific activity of the glucosyltransferase was 18-times higher in the purified Golgi membranes than in the postnuclear supernatant and the yield was over 30%. An apparent Km of 22 microM for UDPglucose and 54 microM for ceramides was determined. Maximal glucosylation of endogenous ceramides was achieved at pH 6.5 in the presence of NADH (1 mM) as inhibitor of pyrophosphatases and with Mn2+ (5 mM). It was found that the zwitterionic detergent 3-[(3 cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (Chaps) is an efficient activator for the glucosylation of exogenous ceramides. PMID- 3156636 TI - Tryptophan fluorescence of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. A fluorescence quench study. AB - The calcium-dependent change in the tryptophan fluorescence intensity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+- and Mg2+-ATPase was investigated using different quenching reagents. It is demonstrated that only those compounds which are bound to the enzyme (i.e., 1-(9,10-dibromomyristoyl)-sn-2-glycerophosphorylcholine and 1-(9,10-dibromostearoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine) are able to decrease the amplitude of the fluorescence decrement observed after removal of calcium ions. From the position of the bromine atom within the lysophosphatidylcholines, it is concluded that the tryptophan residues involved are located in the hydrophobic part of the ATPase molecule and are in contact with the hydrocarbon chains of the phospholipids. PMID- 3156637 TI - Immunoassay of rod visual pigment (opsin) in the eyes of rds mutant mice lacking receptor outer segments. AB - In 020/A mice, homozygous for the retinal degeneration slow (rds) gene, the photoreceptor cells fail to develop outer segments, and in the absorption spectra of retinal extracts the rhodopsin peak is lacking. Application of an enzyme linked immunoassay using antisera against bovine opsin shows, however, that opsin is present in the homozygous mutant retina (0.010 nmol/eye) at 3% of the level of the normal retina (0.38 nmol/eye) of Balb/c mice. In the retina of heterozygous mice the opsin level (0.19 nmol/eye) is about half of the normal. Detection of opsin in the rds mutant retina demonstrates the functional basis for the reported electroretinographic response and light-mediated reduction in cyclic nucleotide levels in this mutant. PMID- 3156638 TI - Interaction of Cd2+ with the calmodulin-activated (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity of human erythrocyte ghosts. AB - Treatment of erythrocyte ghosts with micromolar concentrations of Cd2+ results in a noncompetitive inhibition of the calmodulin-dependent (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity. Higher concentrations of Cd2+ are required for inhibition of the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity of calmodulin-depleted ghosts. The interaction of Cd2+ is time-dependent with an apparent rate constant around 0.12/min. The inhibition is relieved by addition of EGTA with a rate constant around 0.15/min. If Cd2+ is allowed to interact with calmodulin prior to the association of the protein with the ghosts, the inhibition is mainly competitive. The results suggest that the inhibitory effect caused by Cd2+ is due to an interaction with calmodulin. The slow interaction of Cd2+ suggests that calmodulin bound to the (Ca2+ + Mg2+) ATPase is inaccessible to Cd2+. PMID- 3156639 TI - [Redox regulation in ATP synthesis]. AB - Evidence is considered which points to changes of redox potential of the redox centres in mitochondria during energization, to high sensitivity of ATP synthetase to redox agents. Examples of ATP-syntheses in model systems stimulated with an electron are discussed. This stimulation is so efficient that it permits weakening of the bond between phosphorus atom and extremely bad leaving group O- in inorganic phosphate-phosphorylating agent in ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation. The sum of these data suggests that function of the redox centres found in the coupling site may be the accumulation of the intermediate inducing ADP and Phinorg interactions. The electron pool may serve as an intermediate. Thus the redoxcentre function in the coupling site accepting and accumulating the electrons during energization may be compared with chlorophyll function in photosynthesis. Change of redox potential of redox-centres at energization (by protonation, for example) initiates electron transfer in ATP synthetase, which by the formation of highly reactive-free radical of ADP provides the occurrence of endergonic reaction of ATP synthesis, i.e. storage of energy as a chemical bond. PMID- 3156640 TI - Residual amounts of glycoproteins IIb and IIIa may be present in the platelets of most patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. AB - Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is an inherited bleeding disorder characterized by abnormalities of platelet membrane glycoproteins (GP) IIb and IIIa. Most patients, usually designated as type I, have been reported to have undetectable levels of GP IIb and GP IIIa with the assay used. We have used polyclonal rabbit antibodies against GP IIb and GP IIIa in a sensitive immunoblot procedure capable of revealing trace amounts of these glycoproteins. Platelets from nine thrombasthenic patients, including seven with type I disease, were studied. GP IIIa, although decreased, was clearly detectable in platelets of eight patients and GP IIb was identified in five. Our findings suggest that residual quantities of GP IIb and GP IIIa are present in most patients with thrombasthenia and therefore that major deletions in the gene or genes encoding these proteins are uncommon. PMID- 3156641 TI - Differential effect of Serratia protease on platelet surface glycoproteins Ib and V. AB - The effect of a zinc metalloprotease from Serratia marcescens on platelet surface glycoproteins (GP) Ib and V was analyzed. Increasing protease treatments caused progressive loss of GP Ib with appearance of the major fragment, glycocalicin, in the supernatant solution. No GP V was detected in the supernatant solution, and protease-pretreated platelets had the same capacity as control platelets to release fragment 1 of GP V in response to thrombin. The Serratia protease pretreated platelets did show the lag before thrombin-induced dense granule secretion, characteristic of platelets modified by pretreatment with other nonstimulating proteases. Treatment with Serratia protease gives the only demonstrated selective loss of GP Ib without apparent effect on GP V. It suggests that GP V (1) does not depend on GP Ib for its association with platelets and (2) is not the substrate for protease modification of platelet function. PMID- 3156642 TI - Expression of the Chediak-Higashi lysosomal abnormality in human peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Fusion of lysosomes to form a giant cytoplasmic inclusion is a major abnormality expressed by multiple hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell types in Chediak Higashi (C-H) patients. In this study, the extent of involvement of lymphoid cell subpopulations was defined. Purified populations of B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and helper T cells were obtained from two C-H patients and normal controls by immunofluorescence staining of their blood mononuclear cells with the monoclonal antibodies HB-2, Leu-7, or Leu-3 followed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Cytochemical and ultrastructural analyses as well as functional assays were performed to determine whether or not the C-H lysosomal abnormality was expressed in the different lymphocyte subpopulations. B cells expressed the C H defect following activation and differentiation. All of the Leu-7+ cells and a significant proportion of the Leu-3+ cells displayed the C-H abnormality. These Leu-3+ cells share the NK lineage characteristics of granular lymphocyte morphology and the capacity to bind to NK cell targets. In contrast, the C-H abnormality was not observed in non-NK target-binding cells with T helper phenotype, in which clusters of lysosomes formed a normal Gall body. Moreover, T cell functions were unimpaired in C-H patients. These observations raise the issue of the lineal relationship between granular and nongranular lymphocytes typed as T cells on the basis of cell surface antigen markers. PMID- 3156643 TI - Preparation and identification of a population of antibodies that recognize carbodiimide-modified heparin. AB - Protein-heparin complexes, prepared by a water-soluble carbodiimide coupling technique, were used to produce anti-heparin antibodies in rabbits. Antiserums that recognized carbodiimide-treated heparin, but not untreated heparin, were obtained. Carbodiimide-treated heparan sulfate exhibited 10% to 20% cross reactivity compared with a similarly treated heparin, whereas there was no cross reactivity with five other carbodiimide-treated mucopolysaccharides. 3H-1-ethyl-3 (3-trimethylammoniumpropyl) carbodiimide iodide was used to demonstrate that carbodiimide forms a stable adduct with heparin and other mucopolysaccharides. Using an antibody fraction that eluted from 1-ethyl-3-(3-trimethylammoniumpropyl) carbodiimide iodide-treated heparin-Sepharose with 2 mol/L KI, it was demonstrated that, for the antibody population studied, the addition of one carbodiimide per heparin molecule resulted in complete epitope expression without loss of anticoagulant activity. The addition of up to eight additional carbodiimide molecules to heparin did not increase the extent of epitope formation, although anticoagulant activity was lost. Except for heparan sulfate, the addition of radiolabeled carbodiimide to other mucopolysaccharides did not result in epitope formation. These data demonstrate that antibodies to an epitope derived from heparin can be formed, that the epitope is fully expressed while anticoagulant activity is present, and that the antibody is specifically directed against an altered portion of the polysaccharide. PMID- 3156644 TI - Inhibition by medroxyprogesterone acetate of precancerous mammary hyperplastic alveolar nodule formation in mice. AB - The effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on precancerous mammary hyperplastic alveolar nodule (HAN) formation in mice were studied as a possible step to evaluate the anticarcinogenic role of MPA in mammary tumors. One month of subcutaneous pellet implantation of MPA to 6-7 month-old SHN breeding mice resulted in marked decrease and increase in the numbers of HAN and ghosts (the remnants of regressed HAN), respectively. The number of HAN still tended to be smaller in the experimental mice than in the control even 1 month after removal of MPA pellets which had been implanted for 2 months. Serum prolactin level at autopsy was apparently decreased and prolonged estrous vaginal smears observed in the control were replaced by diestrus in the experimental mice. All results indicate that MPA can lastingly inhibit HAN formation in mice, and suggest that MPA acts on mammary glands both directly and indirectly through its antiestrogenic effect. PMID- 3156645 TI - Medroxyprogesterone acetate does not protect human bone marrow progenitor cells exposed to adriamycin in vitro. PMID- 3156646 TI - Influence of some agents that affect 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism and receptors on nitrazepam-induced sleep in mice. AB - The effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), citalopram, p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), cyproheptadine, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25), metitepine and NSD 1034 on nitrazepam-induced sleep were investigated in mice. Nitrazepam (1.6-25.6 mg kg-1, i.p.) induced a dose-dependent sedative-hypnotic effect. 5-HTP (8-128 mg kg-1 i.m.) did not induce behavioural sleep but sedated mice and significantly potentiated nitrazepam-induced sleep. Similarly, 5-HTP (4-32 mg kg-1, i.m.) increased pentobarbitone sleeping time. Citalopram (2.5-10 mg kg-1, i.p.) significantly potentiated nitrazepam sleep. PCPA (300-400 mg kg-1, i.p.) completely abolished nitrazepam sleep; 5-HTP (32 mg kg-1, i.m.) reversed this effect. NSD 1034 (75-150 mg kg-1, i.p.) antagonized the potentiating effect of 5 HTP (32 mg kg-1, i.m.) on nitrazepam sleep. Cyproheptadine (5-10 mg kg-1, i.p.) and LSD-25 (2.5-10 micrograms kg-1, i.p.) partially antagonized nitrazepam sleep. Similarly, 5-HTP-induced potentiation of nitrazepam sleep was antagonized by cyproheptadine and LSD-25. Metitepine (4-8 mg kg-1, i.p.) induced behavioural sleep and significantly potentiated nitrazepam sleep. Ro15-1788 (10 mg kg-1, i.p.) effectively antagonized nitrazepam-induced sleep. These results indicate that enhancement of central 5-HT neurotransmission may underlie nitrazepam induced sleep in mice. PMID- 3156647 TI - Pharmacological properties of mechanical responses of the rat oesophageal muscularis mucosae to vagal and field stimulation. AB - Electrical stimulation applied to vagal oesophageal branches of the isolated curarized oesophagus, or via field electrodes to the isolated tunica muscularis mucosae (TMM), increased longitudinal tension and intraluminal pressure in a frequency-dependent manner. Differences between cervical and distal TMM segments were noted in frequency-response relationships, as well as in the pulse-width dependence of contractions to field stimulation. Vagally- and field-stimulated contractions were eliminated by tetrodotoxin or hyoscine, indicating their mediation by cholinergic neurones. The field-stimulated postganglionic responses were resistant to hexamethonium or (+)-tubocurarine and weakly inhibited by morphine. Vagally- and field-stimulated TMM contractions were mimicked by muscarinic agonists, augmented by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and inhibited more effectively by beta-than by alpha 1-or alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists. 5 Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) exerted excitatory and/or inhibitory effects: TMM in situ responded with a hexamethonium-resistant, ketanserin-sensitive transient increase in tension comparable to that produced by field stimulation. In the isolated TMM, moderate excitatory responses were limited to the distal portion with inhibition predominating in the remaining proximal portion. 5-HT-induced inhibitory effects on field-stimulated tension responses were paralleled by relaxant effects on muscarinic agonist-induced tonic contractile responses, both of which were resistant to 5-HT-receptor antagonists including ketanserin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), methysergide or methergoline. Field stimulation at a low frequency and pulse durations greater than 1.0 ms produced a relaxation response in preparations exposed to tetrodotoxin or hyoscine, provided that active muscle tonus was present. The relaxation in response to field stimulation was insensitive to antagonists of 5-HT, catecholamines, histamine, or indomethacin, suggesting a non-neurogenic origin. Histochemical examination of the isolated TMM preparation for cholinesterases revealed the presence of an extensive submucosal ganglionic plexus. It is concluded that: (i) intrinsic cholinergic neurones of the submucosal plexus form the final common pathway for extrinsic vagal and local (myenteric) projections to the TMM; (ii) the neural basis, if any, of non-cholinergic non-adrenergic inhibitory mechanisms remains to be established; (iii) the TMM may assist in generating propulsive oesophageal motility. PMID- 3156648 TI - A comparative study of the involvement of the prostaglandin H2/thromboxane A2 pathway in intravascular platelet aggregation in guinea-pigs and rats. AB - The effects of indomethacin, dazoxiben and EPO45 on collagen-induced platelet aggregation in vivo were studied in guinea-pigs and rats to determine the involvement of the prostaglandin endoperoxide/thromboxane A2 pathway in the aggregatory response. Indomethacin and EPO45 (a thromboxane receptor antagonist) partially inhibited platelet aggregation in rats. It was concluded that only one third of the aggregatory response to collagen was mediated by the products of cyclo-oxygenase conversion of arachidonic acid. In rats, dazoxiben was inactive although the conversion of the prostaglandin endoperoxides to thromboxane A2 was inhibited (measured as thromboxane B2). 6-keto PGF1 alpha was detected in plasma after collagen was injected into dazoxiben-treated rats. In this species therefore, the endoperoxides have significant aggregatory activity whilst the apparent increase in the level of prostacyclin was not sufficient to have any anti-aggregatory effect. All three drugs were active in the guinea-pig. About 60% of the aggregatory response to collagen was due to the products of the cyclo oxygenase pathway, the main mediator being thromboxane A2. In guinea-pigs, dazoxiben also elevated 6-keto PGF1 alpha in the plasma after an injection of collagen. However, this apparent increase in prostacyclin production did not contribute to the anti-aggregatory effect. PMID- 3156649 TI - Interference of sodium with [3H]-nitrendipine binding to cardiac membranes. AB - Interference of sodium with [3H]-nitrendipine binding was studied on membrane homogenates from guinea-pig skeletal muscle, cerebral cortex and left cardiac ventricle. [3H]-nitrendipine binding on homogenates from cerebral cortex and skeletal muscle was unaffected by Na+ (35 and 140 mEql(-1]. On the other hand, for the myocardial receptors, addition of Na+ resulted in an increase in IC50 of nitrendipine. Simultaneously, for the myocardial preparations, saturation curves showed a decrease in [3H]-nitrendipine affinity and an increase in the number of binding sites. PMID- 3156650 TI - Rapid intracellular release of calcium in human platelets by stimulation of 5-HT2 receptors. AB - The concentration of intracellular free Ca2+ ( [Ca2+]i) in human blood platelets was measured by use of the fluorescent probe quin-2. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) caused a rapid increase of [Ca2+]i in the presence or absence of Ca2+ in the medium. The [Ca2+]i-rise was less marked in the absence of Ca2+ and could be antagonized by 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate-hydrochloride (TMB-8), an inhibitor of calcium release from internal stores. 5-HT induced a shape change reaction in the presence or absence of extracellular Ca2+, but the pEC50 of 5-HT was slightly higher in the presence of the cation. Shape change reaction and [Ca2+]i-rise showed similar time courses. Various 5-HT-agonists caused a rise of [Ca2+]i, whereas 5-HT-antagonists, but not the 5-HT-uptake inhibitor desmethylimipramine and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine, counteracted the 5-HT-induced rise of the cation in a stereospecific manner. The antagonists were more potent than the agonists. The orders of potencies of the drugs affecting [Ca2+]i and platelet shape were similar. It is concluded that stimulation of 5-HT2-receptors of platelets causes a rapid release of intracellular calcium which, by activation of the contractile system, mediates the shape change reaction. PMID- 3156651 TI - Fusarial mycotoxins and behaviour: possible implications for psychiatric disorder. AB - Man and animals are sporadically exposed to mycotoxins (the secondary metabolites of moulds), which include those produced in damp and cool environment by the almost ubiquitous soil-microfungi, the Fusaria. Perinatal exposure to the mycotoxins may cause damage to many organs, including the CNS and those which are targets for oestrogenic agents. Depending on the levels of the mycotoxins and the time of their action, the effects may manifest themselves as neonatal abnormalities, or as neurological and behavioural anomalies and chronic disorders later in life. The relationship between the anatomical and behavioural development of individuals and their perinatal exposure to fusarial mycotoxins requires further investigation. PMID- 3156652 TI - A follow-up study of accident neurosis. AB - Thirty five claimants with accident neurosis, in which there were gross perplexing somatic symptoms without demonstrable organic pathology were traced and followed-up in their homes, from one to seven years after compensation was received. Few claimants recovered and such recovery as did take place was unrelated to the time of compensation. Family processes leading to over protection by relatives were examined and appeared to be vitally important in the prolongation of symptoms. The legal process and the delays involved caused great distress. PMID- 3156653 TI - Organic delusions: phenomenology, anatomical correlations, and review. AB - Organic delusions are common, but have received little systematic study. Review of the literature reveals that they occur most commonly in toxic-metabolic processes and in disorders affecting the limbic system and basal ganglia. A prospective study of 20 consecutive patients with organic delusions revealed four general types of false beliefs: simple persecutory delusions, complex persecutory delusions, grandiose delusions, and those associated with specific neurological defects (anosognosia, reduplicative paramnesia). Simple delusions responded best to treatment, and complex delusions were more resistent. Acting on delusional beliefs was not unusual, and treatment of the delusions was an important aspect of management of the patient. PMID- 3156654 TI - Mood changes after child birth. PMID- 3156655 TI - The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy on plasma neuropeptide concentrations in patients with osteoarthritis. AB - Plasma levels of the endogenous opioid peptides beta-endorphin and [Met]enkephalin were estimated in 10 osteoarthritic patients during treatment with a sustained-release indomethacin preparation (Osmosin). Significant diurnal variation of beta-endorphin levels was evident both on and off treatment (p less than 0.05, respectively), but the therapy was nevertheless accompanied by decreased morning levels of this peptide; no such changes were recorded for [Met)enkephalin. Whilst the treatment was associated with a reduction of pain, particularly in the evening (p less than 0.02), no correlation was evident between pain and beta-endorphin levels, nor between the patients' perception of pain relief and changes in beta-endorphin levels. The results suggest either that prostaglandins may be involved in the synthesis/release of beta-endorphin, or that the alleviation of stress may in turn reduce the need for continued beta endorphin production in these patients. PMID- 3156656 TI - Erythema nodosum and circulating immune complexes in acne fulminans after treatment with isotretinoin. PMID- 3156657 TI - Current place of coronary angioplasty. PMID- 3156658 TI - Long-loop reflexes in small hand muscles studied in normal subjects and in patients with Huntington's disease. AB - Long-latency electromyographic (EMG) responses of the first dorsal interosseus muscle were evoked by short displacements of the index finger in healthy subjects and in patients with Huntington's disease (HD). In all 20 healthy subjects the early spinal response (mean latency 31.5 ms) was followed by a reproducible later reflex response with a mean latency of 56.5 ms. The activity pattern of single motor units of the stretched muscle was similar to that of the surface EMG. Thus all single motor units tested could be active during either the first or second response phase, but never in both in a given trial. Of the 50 patients with HD, the late EMG response was missing completely in all but 7, but the early spinal component was almost identical to that of the control group. Double stretches at an interval of 25 ms evoked two similar EMG responses in these patients, proving that the motoneuron pool is still excitable during the time at which the second response would have appeared in healthy subjects. The reflex responses of the thenar muscles evoked by electrical stimulation of the median nerve were examined during a voluntary opposing contraction of the thumb in both groups of subjects. In normal subjects, two EMG responses could be distinguished with latencies similar to those of the mechanically elicited responses. Patients with HD again lacked the second response, although the first spinal response was always present. The results are discussed with respect to different proposals concerning the origin of long-latency responses in human muscles. At least for distal hand muscles, the results suggest that the long-latency responses are long-loop reflexes. PMID- 3156659 TI - Denervation accelerates the reappearance of neostriatal D-2 receptors after irreversible receptor blockade. AB - The effect of denervation on the turnover of striatal dopaminergic D-2 receptors was examined by determining the rate of receptor reappearance in vivo after administration of the irreversible receptor antagonist, N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy 1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) to rats that received prior unilateral intracerebral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Initial experiments confirmed that EEDQ (10 mg/kg i.p.) induces a severe, prolonged blockade of D-2 receptors. Recovery of [3H]spiroperidol binding occurred at a rate of approximately 9% of control binding per day. 6-OHDA injection into the ascending dopaminergic projection 3 or 5 days prior to EEDQ administration revealed that denervation had no effect on the rate of D-2 receptor recovery during the first post-operative week. By 4-5 weeks postoperatively, however, denervation enhanced the rate of recovery of [3H]spiroperidol binding. These results are consistent with our finding that, when homogenized tissue preparations are used, steady-state receptor density does not change within the first postoperative week but increases by 3-4 weeks after the injury. Saturation analysis determined that both EEDQ and denervation altered the density of binding sites, whereas neither treatment significantly affected the affinity of the receptor for [3H]spiroperidol. By 4-5 weeks postoperatively, the receptor degradation rate constant in the denervated striatum (0.0054/h) was equal to that in the intact striatum (0.0052/h). Thus, only the receptor reappearance rate was elevated in the denervated striatum (3.8 fmol/mg protein/h) relative to the intact striatum (2.8 fmol/mg protein/h). PMID- 3156660 TI - Activation of central muscarinic receptors inhibit Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase and ATP dependent Ca2+ transport in synaptic membranes. AB - Preparations of lysed synaptosomes exhibit a high affinity Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase and ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation activity, with a Km for Ca2+ congruent to 0.5 microM, close to the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+. When these membrane suspensions were incubated with cholinergic agonists muscarine or oxotremorine (1 20 microM), both Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase and ATP-dependent CA2+ uptake were inhibited in a concentration-dependent fashion. Atropine alone (0.5-1.0 microM) had no effect on either enzyme or uptake activity, but significantly inhibited the actions of both muscarine and oxotremorine. No significant effects by cholinergic agonists or antagonists were seen on fast or slow phase voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels or Na+-Ca2+ exchange. These results suggest that activation of presynaptic muscarinic receptors produce inhibition of two processes required for the buffering of optimal free Ca2+ by the nerve terminal. Activation of presynaptic muscarinic receptors have been reported to reduce the release of ACh from nerve terminals. Alterations in intracellular free Ca2+ may contribute to a reduction in transmitter (ACh) release seen following activation of cholinergic receptors. PMID- 3156661 TI - [Laparoscopic assessment of gonadal function]. PMID- 3156662 TI - Positron emission tomography in movement disorders. AB - Positron emission tomography provides a method for the quantitation of regional function within the living human brain. Studies of cerebral metabolism and blood flow in patients with Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and focal dystonia have revealed functional abnormalities within substructures of the basal ganglia. Recent developments permit assessment of both pre-synaptic and post synaptic function in dopaminergic pathways. These techniques are now being applied to studies of movement disorders in human subjects. PMID- 3156663 TI - Lack of association of rheumatoid factor with either circulating immune complexes or tumor burden in cancer patients. AB - The frequency of rheumatoid factor (RF) seropositivity and the frequency of association of RF with immune complex (IC) elevation were determined in 72 patients with a variety of solid tumors, in 78 patients with IC-associated diseases, 27 patients with non-IC-associated diseases, and in 31 normal healthy controls. The frequency of RF positivity in cancer patients (31%) was virtually identical to that in patients with IC-associated diseases (28%), and did not differ significantly from that seen in patients with non-IC-associated disease (15%). Whereas IC elevation was clearly related to tumor progress, RF was not. RF and IC status also appeared to be unrelated to each other, not only in cancer patients, but in patients with other diseases as well. The results do not support the concept that RF reflects progressive tumor growth or an immune response to IgG-containing immune complexes. PMID- 3156665 TI - Immunologic and immunogenetic features of primary Kaposi's sarcoma. AB - In order to establish if immunologic alterations seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated Kaposi's sarcoma are also present in the primary form of this malignancy, peripheral blood T-lymphocyte characterization and HLA A, B, C, and DR phenotyping have been carried out in 18 patients with the primary form of the disease. HLA antigen distribution was not significantly different from that of the normal population and, in particular, DR5 was only marginally increased. The T4/T8 ratio was significantly higher in the patients than in the control group, and this was due to a marked decrease in suppressor cells. The possible pathogenetic relevance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 3156664 TI - Combined thiotepa and mitomycin C instillation therapy for low-grade superficial bladder tumor. AB - Fifteen patients with superficial low-grade bladder tumors were treated with combined thiotepa and mitomycin C instillation as definitive therapy. The amount of both thiotepa and mitomycin C used in each instillation in the presenting protocol was one half the conventional dose of either used alone. Patients with multiple bladder tumors, bladder tumors inaccessible to endoscopic resection, or lesions too extensive to completely resect, or with medial contraindications for endoscopic resection procedures, were included in these studies. No serious adverse effect was revealed in these 15 patients. Ten of the 15 patients (66.7%) had a complete response and 4 (26.7%) had a partial response. One patient (6.6%) did not respond to this regimen. This protocol seems to provide a therapeutic modality that is more effective than conventional single-drug therapy, less toxic than thiotepa used alone, and less expensive than mitomycin C used alone. PMID- 3156666 TI - Cytogenetic pattern in leukemic cells of patients with constitutional chromosome anomalies. AB - Acquired karyotypic changes analyzed by banding techniques in 21 patients with a malignant hematologic disorder and a major constitutional chromosome anomaly, including ten patients with trisomy 21, five patients with a balanced translocation, and six patients with a sex chromosome anomaly. Detailed karyotypic findings were ascertained in 28 additional patients reported in the literature. Some striking differences were observed in the combined material of the present series and cases previously published as regards (a) distribution of morphological leukemia types among patients with different types of constitutional anomalies, and (b) incidence and type of acquired chromosomal abnormality among patients with different types of constitutional anomalies. PMID- 3156667 TI - Augmentation of generation of human allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte by PPD in in vitro sensitization culture. AB - PPD augmented human lymphocyte blastogeneic response to allogeneic lymphocytes in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and generation of human cytotoxic lymphocytes against allogeneic human lymphocytes in in vitro sensitization (IVS) culture. The augmenting effect of PPD in the MLR was unequivocally synergistic at its lower concentrations (0.05 and 0.01 microgram/ml). The augmentation of MLR was observed following addition of a supernatant of culture medium of lymphocytes which had been precultured with PPD for 24 h then washed free of PPD and recultured without PPD for another 24 h. PHA and Con A, in contrast, suppressed both MLR and the generation of alloreactive cytotoxic cells. The alloreactive cytotoxic lymphocytes whose generation was augmented by PPD belonged to the SRBC-rosette forming fraction and passed through a nylon-wool column. The NK cell-like activities of the alloreactive cytotoxic lymphocytes were not augmented by PPD. Analysis of the alloreactive cytotoxic lymphocytes whose generation was augmented by PPD by competitive inhibition assay with unlabeled cells indicated that the same allogeneic lymphocytes used as sensitizing cells in IVS culture inhibited the cytotoxicity, while MOLT-4 cells, which are frequently used as target cells for the human NK-cell assay, did not. When lymphocytes with known HLA-A and HLA-B were used in the IVS culture and the cytotoxicity assay, PPD was found to augment the cytotoxicity only against the target lymphocytes that possessed the same HLA as the sensitizing lymphocytes in IVS. PMID- 3156669 TI - Induction of tumoricidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by a linear beta-1,3-D-glucan and other immunomodulators in murine cells. AB - The cytotoxic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) against tumor cells induced in vitro by antitumor immunomodulators was examined by a 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay. Among 28 immunomodulators and other agents thus far tested, only beta-1,3-glucan from Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes IFO 13140, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, Propionibacterium acnes, zymosan A, and Nocardia cell wall skeleton were found to cause induction. The cytotoxic activity of PMN with the beta-1,3-glucan was very high, almost 100% cytolysis being observed at an effector:target ratio as low as 3. The other four potent immunomodulators had effects very similar to that of the beta-1,3-glucan. All five tumor cell lines tested, MM46, MM48, MH134, EL-4, and YAC-1, were lysed, whereas normal spleen and thymus cells and PMN were not. Of four types of effector cells tested, PMN and casein-induced macrophages were effective, whereas resident macrophages and J774 cells were not effective. The cytotoxic activity of PMN was greater than that of induced macrophages, although both were induced by casein. From results on the polysaccharides tested, a linear beta-1,3-glucan structure and a minimum number average degree of polymerization of 125 of the beta-1,3-glucan seemed to be required for induction of cytotoxicity of PMN. The cytotoxic features of PMN and possible chemical structures of antitumor polysaccharides for induction of cytotoxicity are discussed. PMID- 3156668 TI - In vitro selective effect of melphalan on human T-cell populations. AB - In vitro treatment with 2 micrograms/2 X 10(6) cells melphalan (L-PAM: L phenylalanine mustard) significantly decreased the total number of T lymphocytes from peripheral blood (PBL) of healthy human donors and of the OKT4 population (precursor suppressor/helper/inducer) T cells as defined by monoclonal antibodies OKT3 and OKT4, respectively. No changes in the OKT+8 lymphocyte population (cytotoxic/mature suppressor cells) were observed following the same treatment. Preincubation of PBL with L-PAM at concentrations that do not affect the rate of DNA synthesis in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes inhibited the generation of T suppressor lymphocytes by ConA, as shown by their effect on PHA stimulation. Treatment of allogeneic PBL with L-PAM had no effect on mature suppressor T cells already induced by ConA, as shown by incubation of PBL with L-PAM after incubation with ConA. PMID- 3156671 TI - Coronary artery dissection during PTCA: a necessary evil? PMID- 3156670 TI - Transmural coronary vasodilator reserve, and flow distribution during tachycardia in conscious young swine with right ventricular hypertrophy. AB - Regional distribution of myocardial blood flow (MBF) was examined in eight normal and nine pulmonary artery banded (PAB) pigs before and during pacing induced tachycardia (heart rates: 175, 225 and 275 beats X min-1) as well as during iv adenosine infusion (1.5 mg X kg-1 X min-1; maximal coronary vasodilatation) using radionuclide labelled 15 micron diameter microspheres that were injected into the left atrium. It was observed that MBF per unit myocardial mass in the hypertrophied right ventricle (RV) of PAB pigs was similar to that in the RV of normal pigs. Also, minimal coronary vascular resistance per unit myocardial mass was similar between the two groups of pigs for RV as well as left ventricle (LV). This suggests that the increase in RV myocardial mass of young PAB swine was attended by appropriate adjustments in functional cross-sectional area of the RV coronary vascular bed. Despite similarity of maximal coronary vasodilator capacity in the two groups of swine, during pacing induced tachycardia MBF in the hypertrophied RV subendocardium as well as the right and middle layers of the interventricular septum in PAB pigs increased to a significantly lower level than in normal pigs and the RV endo:epi perfusion ratio, unlike in normal pigs, decreased to near unity. Increments in transmural LV MBF of PAB pigs were also attenuated during pacing at 225 and 275 beats X min-1 but the LV endo:epi perfusion ratio for the two groups of pigs remained similar. These findings suggest a possible overall depression of myocardial function in PAB swine. PMID- 3156672 TI - Late progression of an asymptomatic intimal tear to occlusive coronary artery dissection following angioplasty. AB - Symptomatic coronary artery dissection is a recognized complication of coronary angioplasty that is usually associated with immediate adverse consequences. In contrast, the asymptomatic angiographic finding of an "intimal tear" following otherwise successful angioplasty has been considered clinically unimportant. A case is reported of a primarily successful coronary angioplasty with intimal tear that progressed to occlusive coronary artery dissection requiring coronary bypass surgery at 4 weeks postangioplasty. This case demonstrates that an asymptomatic intimal tear following successful coronary angioplasty is not always an innocuous angiographic finding. PMID- 3156673 TI - Estimation of the effects of angioplasty on coronary stenosis using quantitative video angiography. AB - In this study, we compared stenosis severity by quantitative coronary angiography from video and cine images with visual estimation in 14 patients who underwent PTCA. Both cine and video analysis demonstrated a change from 65.2 +/- 2.5 to 36.5 +/- 3.1% diameter stenosis following PTCA, whereas visual estimation (average of three observers) showed improvement from 89.9 +/- 1.7 to 36.0 +/- 3.2%. Percent area stenosis from quantitative angiography showed improvement from 87.9 +/- 1.8 to 56.4 +/- 5.8. These data indicate that visual assessment overestimated percent diameter of severe lesions. To determine if video analysis could provide rapid quantitative assessment of PTCA results, we compared percent diameter and percent area stenosis by video with cine (diameter: correlation coefficient, 0.82; slope, 0.79; area: correlation coefficient, 0.86; slope, 0.83). These results indicate that video-based measurements are not different from cine-derived measurements. Quantitative coronary angiography provides an accurate estimate of changes produced by PTCA and can be performed rapidly and accurately on video images, thus making results available during the PTCA procedure. PMID- 3156675 TI - Percutaneous perfusion of occluded coronary arteries with blood from the femoral artery: a dog study. AB - The idea of perfusing the distal coronary artery with arterial blood during balloon dilatation was implemented in early experimental coronary angioplasty but then abandoned. We pursued this concept in an animal model using a specially designed roller pump. The pump delivers blood from a femoral artery catheter through the central lumen of a balloon catheter occluding a coronary artery. Perfusion of large proximally occluded coronary arteries for at least 60 min was possible in 8 of 11 heparinized dogs. Hemolysis occurring in the pump system due to the small catheter lumen proved a minor problem. For a limited period of time, occluded coronary arteries can be adequately perfused with arterial blood by this percutaneous system that is readily applicable in any catheterization laboratory. Its use is conceivable not only for temporary treatment of acute complications during angioplasty but also for prolonged balloon dilatations of spastic or thrombosed coronary arteries. PMID- 3156676 TI - Improved success rate of percutaneous transluminal graft and coronary angioplasty with the El Gamal guiding catheter. AB - In the period between October 1980 and December 1982 we evaluated the outcome of percutaneous transluminal graft and coronary angioplasty when a Judkins type guiding catheter (J gc) was initially used, but the lesion could not be passed and a subsequent attempt was made with the El Gamal guiding catheter (EG gc). Seven of twelve attempts to dilate stenotic coronary artery bypass grafts failed. The EC gc was tried in six, five were successfully dilated; one failed. Our initial attempts to dilate a stenosed right coronary artery failed in 16 of 68 attempts. The EG gc was attempted in 14. We successfully dilated ten, two dissections required emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG); two failed. Our initial attempts to dilate a left anterior descending artery stenosis failed in 14 of 109 attempts. Six lesions were passed when the EG gc was tried. Five were successfully dilated, and one acute dissection required emergency CABG; eight failed. The EG gc is useful for transluminal angioplasty of stenosed aortocoronary bypass grafts. It increased the success rate of right coronary artery dilatation from 76-91%, but was of limited use in dilatation of left anterior descending lesions. PMID- 3156674 TI - Balloon dilatation for superior vena caval obstruction after the senning procedure. AB - A 3-month-old infant is presented who developed acute superior vena caval obstruction after atrial surgery for transposition of the great arteries. Balloon dilation angioplasty resulted in a decrease in caval-atrial gradient. The application of balloon angioplasty in this setting is discussed. PMID- 3156677 TI - Displacement of cell-surface associated calcium inhibits phagocytosis and Ca ATPase activity in amoeba. AB - Displacement of calcium from the cell surface region was observed in cells treated with either chlorpromazine or reserpine with chlorotetracycline being used as a calcium-fluorescent probe. The drugs also significantly inhibit the intensity of phagocytosis and Ca-ATPase activity. The possible role of Ca associated with the cell surface region in regulation of both phagocytosis and Ca ATPase was discussed. PMID- 3156678 TI - Effects of the uncoupling agents FCCP and CCCP on the saltatory movements of cytoplasmic organelles. AB - Two potent uncoupling agents, carbonylcyanide-4-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) and carbonylcyanide-3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) inhibit the movement of organelles in neurites of chick sensory neurones in culture. FCCP applied for 30 minutes at 10 microM reduces the number of moving organelles by 78% and a similar treatment with CCCP causes a reduction of 47%. At 100 microM either compound abolishes all directed movements both in neurites and in cultured 3T3 cells. These effects are probably not due to the discharge of proton gradients since 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP), at concentrations shown to uncouple mitochondria by the discharge of the permeant cationic fluorescent probe rhodamine 123, fails to inhibit cytoplasmic movements. The inhibition of cytoplasmic movements by FCCP and CCCP is likely to be a consequence of their inhibitory action on a variety of enzymes, including dynein and myosin ATPases, through a reaction with sulfhydryl groups. PMID- 3156679 TI - [Effect of Chinese herbal medicine, western medicine and Chinese and western medicine combined in the treatment of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3156680 TI - [A Preliminary study on patho-morphological changes in the gastric mucosa caused by stomachache due to splenic insufficiency. An analysis of 728 cases]. PMID- 3156681 TI - [Analysis of measured results of urinary pepsin and 17-OHCS in chronic gastritis with splenic and renal insufficiency based on Chinese traditional medicine]. PMID- 3156682 TI - [Treatment of endometriosis with traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 3156683 TI - [The effect of natural Cordyceps sinensis and its cultured mycelia on murine immuno-organs and function of the mononuclear macrophage system]. PMID- 3156684 TI - [Activation of murine peritoneal macrophages by natural Cordyceps sinensis and its cultured mycelia]. PMID- 3156686 TI - [Advances in clinical observations and experimental research on peptic ulcer treated with traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine]. PMID- 3156685 TI - [Experimental research of yin yang theory in traditional Chinese medicine (II): Effect of monkshood, bark of Chinese cassia tree and liu wei di huang fang on urinary aldosterone, etc. in renovascular hypertensive rats]. PMID- 3156687 TI - [Treatment of corneal opacity with traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine]. PMID- 3156688 TI - Tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate receptors in normal human transitional epithelial cells. AB - As a prelude to study the promotion with TPA of in vitro transformation of human urothelial cells (HUC) in culture, we characterized tumor promoter TPA receptors in primary cultures of HUC. [3H]TPA bound specifically to intact living HUC; maximum specific binding was attained in approximately 30 min at 37 degrees C. [3H]TPA bound to HUC in a saturable and competitive manner. Scatchard analysis of specific binding to intact cells displayed a single slope corresponding to an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.56 nM; at saturation TPA-binding capacity was 2.37 pmol/10(6) HUC (1.43 X 10(6) sites per cell). [3H]TPA bound specifically and with high affinity to the particulate fractions of HUC; binding was both saturable and reversible. Saturation of the specific binding of [3H]TPA occurred at approximately 1 nM at 4 degrees C. Scatchard analysis of specific binding to the particulate fraction displayed a single slope corresponding to a Kd of 1.08 nM; at saturation TPA-binding capacity was 2.05 pmol/mg protein (750 000 molecules per HUC). [3H]TPA binding was inhibited by the biologically active phorbol ester, phorbol didecanoate, whereas inactive phorbol did not compete for TPA binding. Binding was not affected by sodium saccharin, epidermal growth factor, retinoic acid or dexamethasone. [3H]TPA bound specifically to the HUC cytosolic fraction but only in the presence of calcium and phosphatidylserine. Calcium-activated and phospholipid-sensitive protein kinase activity was detected in HUC fractions. These results indicate the presence of high-affinity specific receptors for TPA in HUC. PMID- 3156689 TI - Transmural distribution of isomyosin in rabbit ventricle during maturation examined by immunofluorescence and staining for calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase. AB - Mammalian ventricle contains two major isomyosins, V1 and V3, which differ in the primary structure of their heavy chains (HC alpha alpha and HC beta beta, respectively) and in their adenosine triphosphatase activity. The distribution of the HC alpha isomyosin in the left ventricle of the rabbit was followed as a function of age and transmural location. HC alpha was detected with a monoclonal antibody found to be specific for the hinge region of V1 myosin molecules when viewed in the electron microscope after low-angle rotary shadowing. Frozen sections were observed with indirect immunofluorescence developed to this anti-HC alpha hinge antibody. Serial sections were observed with the histochemical assay for calcium-activated myosin adenosine triphosphatase, using preincubation at various pH levels. Results show that all the ventricular myocytes in baby rabbits (2 weeks) are stained by the HC alpha-antibody from the epi- to endocardium. The isomyosin content of myocytes varies through the epi- to endocardium of the right ventricular wall of the adult (1-year-old) rabbit, with the HC alpha form predominating in the outer epicardial third of the wall and the lowest amount of HC alpha in the middle third of the wall. A mixture of stained and unstained myocytes is seen in the endo- and subendocardial regions. The spatial distribution of HC alpha in 4-month-old rabbits varies between that of the baby and adult. There is good agreement between myocyte classifications made by histochemical and antibody staining methods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3156690 TI - Failure of atriopeptin II to cause arterial vasodilation in the conscious rat. AB - The cardiovascular actions of the synthetic natriuretic peptide, atriopeptin II, were examined in conscious unrestrained spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. The animals were chronically instrumented with miniaturized pulsed Doppler flow probes to allow measurement of regional blood flow, or with an electromagnetic flow probe on the ascending aorta to facilitate the measurement of cardiac output in the conscious rat. Intravenous infusion of increasing doses of atriopeptin II (0.25-4 micrograms/kg per min) caused a dose dependent fall in mean arterial pressure in the hypertensive and normotensive rats. Blood flow in the renal, mesenteric, and hindquarters vascular beds was markedly decreased during the infusion of atriopeptin II, and regional vascular resistance was significantly increased in both groups of rats. Heart rate was significantly elevated (47 +/- 14 beats/min) in the spontaneously hypertensive rats during atriopeptin II infusion, but no change in heart rate was observed in the Wistar rats. In the hypertensive rats, atriopeptin II caused a marked dose dependent decrease in cardiac output (maximal decrease = -39 +/- 4%) and stroke volume (maximal decrease = -48 +/- 4%). Central venous pressure and left atrial pressure were also significantly reduced during atriopeptin II infusion. Total peripheral resistance was increased over the infusion protocol by 26 +/- 3%. These data suggest that atriopeptin II infusion markedly attenuated cardiac output in the conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. Total and regional vascular resistances were increased, possibly through reflex compensatory mechanisms, to maintain arterial pressure in the face of decreased cardiac output.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3156691 TI - Comparative vascular pharmacology of the atriopeptins. AB - The atriopeptins are potent relaxants of norepinephrine-constricted aortic strips or are dilators of renal blood vessels in isolated perfused rat kidneys that are constricted by norepinephrine. This vasorelaxant property of the atriopeptins requires the presence of phenylalanine arginine (i.e., atriopeptin II, III, or ser-leu-arg-arg atriopeptin III) residues in the carboxy terminus which are considerably more effective than atriopeptin I (the 21 amino acid peptide which lacks the phe-arg C-terminus) or the core peptide (residues 3-19). However, these artificially in vitro precontracted preparations do not accurately predict the vascular effectiveness of the atriopeptins in intact rats. Intravenous administration of the atriopeptins (including atriopeptin I) to anesthetized rats produces concentration-dependent hypotension, a selective decrease in renal resistance in low doses (determined with microspheres), and pronounced diuresis. At higher doses, atriopeptins increase blood flow in other vascular beds. On the other hand, in the anesthetized dog, injection (intraarterially) of the phe-arg containing peptides produces a concentration-dependent increase in both renal blood flow and sodium excretion, whereas atriopeptin I is inactive. Although there is a species difference in responsiveness to atriopeptin I, these data demonstrate a direct correlation between the renal vasodilation and diuresis produced by this novel family of atrial peptides. PMID- 3156692 TI - Deficient concanavalin-A-induced suppressor-cell activity in patients with bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. AB - Concanavalin-A (Con-A)-induced suppressor activity against the proliferative response of autologous lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was examined in the peripheral-blood lymphocytes from fourteen patients with bronchial asthma, ten patients with allergic rhinitis and eleven patients with atopic dermatitis and compared with eleven simultaneously studied healthy normals. Eight of fourteen patients (57%) with bronchial asthma, eight of ten patients (80%) with allergic rhinitis and five of eleven patients (45%) with atopic dermatitis demonstrated deficient Con-A-induced suppressor function. Abnormal suppressor cell functions could play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic states. PMID- 3156693 TI - Steroid profiling--an update. AB - Extraction of steroids from urine with C18 solid-phase extraction cartridges results in an extract containing impurities. If, during the extraction of hydrolyzed urine, an amino (NH2) column is placed in series with the C18 column, then one obtains a sample that is sufficiently clean for gas-chromatographic analysis. Analytical recovery of dehydroepiandrosterone from urine is considerably decreased by the use of increasing amounts of Helix pomatia enzyme preparation. Extraction of the steroid conjugates from urine with C18 columns before the hydrolysis stage is essential for hydrolysis with an amount of enzyme preparation that suffices for complete splitting of the polar steroid conjugates but not so much as to cause insufficient analytical recovery of dehydroepiandrosterone. PMID- 3156694 TI - The treatment of hirsutism with a combination of desogestrel and ethinyl oestradiol. AB - Some available oral contraceptive agents are unsuitable for the treatment of hirsutism since, although they suppress endogenous gonadotrophins and so ovarian androgen production, they contain a progestogen which is itself androgenic. The combination of 30 micrograms ethinyl oestradiol (EE2) and 150 micrograms desogestrel (Marvelon) does not suffer from this drawback. We have therefore assessed its value in 15 hirsute women treated for one year. Mean +/- SE androgen dependent hair growth, assessed photographically fell from 0.31 +/- 0.01 to 0.23 +/- 0.01 mm/d at 1 year (P less than 0.001). Ten of the fifteen patients reported definite subjective improvement. Treatment was associated with a marked rise in SHBG concentration identical to that seen with 30 micrograms EE2 alone. By four months there were significant falls in serum levels of androstenedione and LH throughout the cycle, but not for testosterone, dihydrotestosterone or 5 alpha androstane 3 alpha, beta 17 -diol. Calculated free testosterone levels were significantly suppressed. All the biochemical changes were maintained after seven months of treatment. We conclude that this preparation is a suitable oral contraceptive for the treatment of hirsute women. PMID- 3156695 TI - The relative risk for standard 21 trisomy has not increased in young mothers in Belgium, 1960-1978. AB - In the present investigation we directly studied the constancy of the relative risks for standard 21 trisomy in Belgium during the period 1960-1978. The relative risk for standard 21 trisomy in different maternal age-groups, as compared to 20-24 years and 40-44 years remained remarkably constant during the period under investigation. The increasing percentage of children with standard 21 trisomy born to younger mothers does not result from an increased risk for mothers of this maternal age-group, but results from the general shift towards a younger maternal age at birth for the total population of births in Belgium. PMID- 3156696 TI - Diabetes mellitus in Huntington disease. AB - There have been conflicting reports that individuals with Huntington disease (HD) are prone to abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism. In this study information about the incidence and control of diabetes mellitus in 620 probands (278 living, 332 deceased) with HD and in their first and second degree relatives was obtained by questionnaire method from participants of the National HD Research Roster. Among the probands, 65 individuals (10.5%) were identified by the informant or verified by examination of Roster family records as diabetic. The prevalence of diabetes, particularly among those les than 50 years of age, is significantly greater than corresponding figures among the general U.S. Caucasian population (Scott 1977, Krolewski & Warram 1985). Incidence rates were not calculated because of ascertainment and other biases in the data. Results from the analysis of family data indicate that HD affected relatives of an HD proband with diabetes are 7 times as likely to have diabetes over the proband's non-HD relatives. A non diabetic HD proband is equally likely to have an HD or non-HD relative with diabetes. PMID- 3156698 TI - Tioconazole nail solution--an open study of its efficacy in onychomycosis. PMID- 3156697 TI - Late onset GM2 gangliosidosis: an alpha-locus genetic compound with near normal hexosaminidase activity. AB - A non-Jewish child with late onset GM2 gangliosidosis is described. Tissues from the patient had near normal hexosaminidase A (hex A) activity using 4 methylumbelliferyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside (MU-glcNAc) as substrate, and deficient activity when assayed with the 6-sulphate derivative of MU-glcNAc (MU-glcNAcS) or GM2 in the presence of activator. We present evidence that this patient is a genetic compound for different alpha-subunit mutations. The father's tissues have hex A activity in the heterozygote range when assayed with MU-glcNAcS, but normal activity using MU-glcNAc; the mother's tissues have activities toward both substrates in the heterozygote range. These results emphasize the pitfalls of using only MU-glcNAc for the diagnosis of unusual variants of GM2 gangliosidosis. PMID- 3156699 TI - Familial dyskeratotic comedones. PMID- 3156700 TI - Precipitable immune complexes in healthy homosexual men, acquired immune deficiency syndrome and the related lymphadenopathy syndrome. AB - Increased levels of 3% PEG precipitable circulating immune complexes (CIC) were found in healthy homosexual men, in homosexual patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and in the AIDS related lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS). The degree of CIC elevation increases from healthy homosexual men to LAS and AIDS. Patients suffering from AIDS associated with opportunistic infections had a more pronounced increase in CIC than patients with AIDS associated Kaposi's sarcoma. In LAS and AIDS the amount of CIC correlated with the degree of inversion of the T4/T8 lymphocyte ratio, whereas in healthy homosexual men with increased levels of CIC the T4/T8 ratio was not significantly altered. Laser nephelometric partial components analysis revealed that these complexes were of a complement poor subtype with low component levels of C4, C1q and C3c. IgM and IgG were found to be the major components. It is suggested that these CIC might represent a marker of the total antigenic burden of the immune system. Possibly, they are of prognostic and monitoring value for clinical handling of patients at risk for AIDS. PMID- 3156701 TI - Chronic myelocytic leukaemia: HLA association and decreased erythrocyte C3b receptor expression. AB - A series of 27 adult patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) were examined for erythrocyte C3b receptor (EC3bR) expression. Twenty-five patients were successfully HLA typed and there was a positive association of CML with HLA B40 (P less than 0.01). Only 10 (37%) of the patients were EC3bR positive (P less than 0.00001) compared to 223 healthy controls of whom 198 (89%) were EC3bR positive. The positivity of EC3bR and HLA-B40 occurred simultaneously in six patients (P less than 0.05). HLA-B40 positivity and EC3bR expression were correlated with the following variables: age at the time of CML diagnoses, duration of CML (until death or the end of follow-up period 1 July 1983), the stage of CML and simultaneous medication. EC3bR positive patients were significantly more often in remission (P less than 0.05) and also had shorter duration of the disease (P less than 0.005) then did EC3bR negative ones. No significant correlation existed between EC3bR status and the other parameters. The presence of HLA-B40 did not associate with any of the listed variables. These findings may indicate the loss of the receptor in the course of CML with increasing immaturity of cells released from bone marrow. PMID- 3156703 TI - Early detection of diastolic impairment in long-standing hypertension by a noninvasive volume challenge method. AB - A simple, easily reproducible, noninvasive, provocative test for the assessment of early diastolic impairment in long-standing hypertension is presented. Volume challenge of the heart was produced by elevating the subject's legs to 45 degrees for 5 minutes, thus increasing the venous return to the right heart. Using gated radionuclide ventriculography and Fourier analysis, the atrial structures were delineated and time-activity curves were generated. Early diastolic emptying slope of the left atrium was used to assess left ventricular compliance changes in hypertensives. The left atrial early diastolic emptying rate was markedly reduced in 38 hypertensive patients (45.5 +/- 15.4 counts/s) when compared with 14 healthy subjects (78 +/- 16 counts/s). The legs-up procedure induced subsequent decrease in left atrial emptying rate in patients with long-standing hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (-27.4 +/- 11%). In patients with recent onset hypertension there was a depressed early diastolic emptying rate (55.79 +/- 10 counts/s), but a "normal" response to the legs-up procedure (an increase in left atrial emptying rate: 12.84 +/- 7%). Global ejection fraction was normal in all subjects studied, decreasing after induction of augmented venous return in long-standing hypertension. Reduction in left atrial early diastolic emptying rate, caused by the legs-up manoeuvre appears to be an early and sensitive indicator of the left ventricular diastolic impairment in essential hypertension. PMID- 3156702 TI - Activated T cells in Graves' disease before treatment. AB - The aim of this study was the definition of abnormalities occurring within T-cell subsets of thyrotoxic Graves' patients before treatment. Special emphasis was placed on the enumeration of activated T cells using a number of new monoclonal antibodies. Lymphocytes from 22 Graves' disease patients were examined. The total number, the percentage of 'helper/inducer' and 'suppressor/cytotoxic' positive cells were evaluated using the antibodies T3, T4 and UCHT4, whereas the cells with killer activity were defined by H25. Activated T cells were detected using the antibodies DA6.231, DA6.164, and L243 which bind different epitopes of the beta chains of class II surface antigens and 4F2, which binds a 120,000 molecular weight glycoprotein. The results show no significant change in the total T, helper or suppressor cell phenotype, but an increase in the killer cell percentage was noted. Of those patients tested, 19 of 22 showed an increase in activated T cells, 18 of 22 patients showed a significant increase of T cells bearing class II antigens, 11 of 22 showed an increase of T cells staining with another activated T cell antibody, 4F2. The anti-DR antibodies expressed different binding characteristics, the most striking difference being seen between the antibodies DA6.231 and L243. The results of this study suggest an heterogeneity of the immune response, or differences in activation stage in patients with Graves' disease before therapeutic intervention. An important role for these cells in the pathogenesis of this disorder can be inferred. PMID- 3156704 TI - Combining left ventricular systolic time intervals and M-mode echocardiography in the evaluation of primary pulmonary hypertension in women. AB - Eight patients with primary pulmonary hypertension underwent systolic time intervals, M-mode echocardiography, and direct hemodynamic studies in order to determine the correlation between noninvasive parameters and hemodynamic variables and to evaluate the utility of these noninvasive studies in primary pulmonary hypertension. The ratio of the pre-ejection period to left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET) of the systolic time intervals was abnormally increased (greater than 0.42) for each subject; the increase in the PEP/LVET was secondary to a shortening of the left ventricular ejection time in four patients, prolongation of the pre-ejection period in one, or a combination of such, noted in three patients. In contrast, echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular function, specifically percent change in the minor axis of the left ventricle with systole, velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, and ejection fraction, were normal. In addition, a very good correlation was noted between PEP/LVET and total pulmonary resistance (r value = -0.89, p less than 0.05), while the echocardiographic parameters correlated well with stroke volume and cardiac output (r values ranged from 0.68 to 0.72, p less than 0.05). These results indicate that in primary pulmonary hypertension, the performance of both systolic time intervals and M-mode echocardiography noninvasively provides useful information concerning the hemodynamic status of these patients. Systolic time intervals provide an estimation of overall cardiac-cardiovascular performance, rather than left ventricular function alone, which in turn, is validly examined by M-mode echocardiography. PMID- 3156705 TI - Paget's disease of bone: clinical features and treatment. AB - Paget's disease of bone is often discovered incidentally, but can have extensive metabolic and local mechanical complications. Treatment is not required for all patients and should only be undertaken for certain indications, and with a clear understanding of the three types of drugs available. Bone pain unmanageable with analgesics and pathologic fractures are the most common indications, while neurologic symptoms, hypercalcemia and congestive heart failure are less frequent ones. Calcitonin or mithramycin is used for the more urgent indications, and calcitonin or the diphosphonate, etidronate sodium (EHDP), for the more chronic ones. The drugs are generally efficacious and well tolerated. PMID- 3156707 TI - Psychological assessment in general orthopaedic practice. AB - The importance of psychologic distress and illness behavior is well recognized in low-back pain but has rarely been studied in other orthopedic conditions. Psychologic and clinical assessment of 100 patients undergoing elective surgery for minor leg conditions or joint replacement for osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis showed surprisingly little psychologic distress or illness behavior, particularly when compared with 235 patients with low-back pain. The most striking finding was that in low-back pain there was a close relation between psychologic disturbance and failed surgery, but the nonspinal patients showed a complete absence of such a relation. This type of psychologic assessment is neither necessary nor helpful in the routine management of most clearly defined, nonspinal, correctly managed orthopedic conditions. PMID- 3156706 TI - A prospective scintigraphic study of avascular necrosis of bone in renal transplant patients. AB - Avascular necrosis of bone (AVN) may cripple a patient who has had a successful renal transplant. The authors have attempted to gain more knowledge of this condition by undertaking a prospective survey to determine as accurately as possible the incidence of AVN in renal transplant patients. Routine six-month whole body bone scans were performed with 99mTechnetium Methylene Diphosphonate in 42 consecutive surviving renal transplant patients. The survey started in 1978 79, and patients were followed for a minimum of two years and a maximum of three years. As a result, seven were found to have AVN that would have remained undetected in two of the patients if routine whole body bone scanning had not been conducted. Despite a reduction in steroid dosage in recent years, the incidence of AVN in the authors' patients remains high at 17%. Bone scan appearances in renal transplant patients were classified and subdivided into four groups. By linking bone scans and radiographic and postmortem appearances of the femoral head, one very early case of AVN was detected. Routine bone scanning provided a more accurate estimation of the incidence of fractures in renal transplant patients (12%). PMID- 3156709 TI - Doughnut sign on bone scintigraphy in angioblastic meningioma. AB - Bone imaging was performed in a patient with a rapidly expanding parietal bone lesion. The findings on the nuclear medicine study showed a doughnut type lesion. The underlying abnormality was found to be an angioblastic meningioma causing local bone destruction. PMID- 3156708 TI - Psychologic factors in low-back-pain disability. AB - Biomechanical tests, physical examination, spinal radiographs, a modified Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), and a psychologic health inventory derived from the Hopkins Symptom Checklist were applied in 321 randomly selected men, ages 18-55. Each subject was evaluated for prior and current low back pain (LBP) complaints by use of a modification of the McGill pain questionnaire. Subjects were then categorized as having no LBP (n = 106, 33%), moderate LBP (n = 144, 44.8%), and severe LBP (n = 71, 22.1%). Subjects were further subcategorized as not disabled (defined as equal or less than seven days of work lost in the previous year) and disabled (work loss greater than seven days in the prior year). RESULTS: cumulative scores of the Hopkins Checklist showed that a mean score for no LBP equaled 2.5 +/- 2.9; moderate LBP was 4.3 +/- 3.2; and severe LBP was 4.6 +/- 3 (p = .0000). The disabled group was significantly different on both MMPI and Hopkins Checklist. The 20 disabled subjects had significant elevations of hypochondriasis (p = .0006) and hysteria (p = .005) when compared with nondisabled subjects with LBP. The mean score for disabled subjects on the Hopkins Checklist was 7.35 +/- 4.49, while the score was 4.17 +/- 3.15 (p = .0001) for the nondisabled subjects with LBP. In the general male population, patients with disabling LBP conditions form a distinctive subgroup comparable to those patients seen in selected LBP clinics. PMID- 3156710 TI - Accumulation of Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate in calcified metastatic lesions of the liver from colonic carcinoma. Comparison with calcification on X-ray computed tomogram. AB - Abnormal accumulation of Tc-99m MDP in two metastatic lesions of the liver was observed in a patient with resected colon carcinoma. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) revealed characteristic marginal accumulation of Tc 99m MDP in both of those metastatic lesions. X-ray CT showed the corresponding marginal calcification in one of the metastases, but no apparent calcification was observed in the other lesion. Two months later, however, the latter also became calcified on x-ray CT. These findings suggest that the accumulation of Tc 99m MDP in the present case is strongly related to the calcium deposition and that Tc-99m MDP may accumulate in a calcified metastatic lesion before the calcification appears on x-ray CT. PMID- 3156711 TI - The athlete's heart. AB - Exercise training has an effect on myocardial metabolism and the coronary vasculature. Alterations in the autonomic nervous system tone appear to account for the bradycardia often seen in athletes. Cardiomyopathy is the main threat to health and life in the young competitive athlete. For the older jogger or marathoner, coronary disease is the most common cause of a sudden cardiac catastrophe. A thorough medical history and physical examination is the least expensive and the most effective means of screening athletes for underlying cardiovascular disease. This can be supplemented with additional studies such as the chest X-ray, resting and exercise ECG, ambulatory monitoring, radionuclear stress scanning, echocardiography, and electrophysiologic evaluations. The main therapeutic dilemmas occur in the symptomatic athlete who has variations from normal on physical examination and laboratory study. Prudence is advised when the examining physician cannot exclude a situation that could potentially result in an exercise-related death. PMID- 3156712 TI - Backache: a second look. PMID- 3156713 TI - Disability: coping in the kitchen. PMID- 3156714 TI - Occupational pigmented contact dermatitis from azo-dyes. AB - A 51-year-old man had been working in a dye factory for 25 years and had noticed itching and pigmentation on the extremities for the past 5 years. Patch testing showed positive reactions to Sudan I and Vacanceine Red, among the azo dyes which he had been handling. After he changed his work, he became free from erythematous lesions with itching. The pigmentation almost disappeared 10 months later. PMID- 3156715 TI - Erythema multiforme associated with contact dermatitis. AB - A garment worker developed erythema multiforme concurrently with allergic contact dermatitis of the hands. Patch testing revealed sensitivity to nickel (which was present in her scissors) and to paraphenylenediamine (a commercial dye). During the course of the patch-test evaluation, both the hand dermatitis and the erythema multiforme became exacerbated. Later, patch testing to only nickel sulfate resulted in the development of erythema multiforme on the face and hands. The allergic pathogenesis, involving the absorption of an allergen through the skin and resulting in a type III allergic reaction from nickel, is discussed. PMID- 3156716 TI - Contact dermatitis in tie and dye industry workers. AB - A survey of the 'Tie and Dye' industry of Jodhpur City in India was made to investigate occupational dermatoses. 49 (16.6%) of 250 workers had incapacitating dermatitis. Skin lesions were seen mostly over the dorsa of the hands and fingers. 26 patients were patch tested with various dyes and chemicals; 14 were positive. Fast Red RC salt was the most potent sensitizer. Other dyes showing positive reactions were Orange GC salt, Bordeaux GP salt, Blue B salt, Red B base and naphthol. PMID- 3156718 TI - Patch test diagnosis of exfoliative dermatitis due to carbamazepine. PMID- 3156717 TI - Contact dermatitis to CD4. PMID- 3156719 TI - Cement dermatitis with isolated cobalt sensitivity. PMID- 3156720 TI - Contact allergy to hydrocortisone 17-butyrate and pyridoxine hydrochloride. PMID- 3156721 TI - Contact allergy to atropine and other mydriatic agents. PMID- 3156722 TI - Photoallergic contact dermatitis to carbimazole. PMID- 3156723 TI - Erythema multiforme-like contact dermatitis from lincomycin. PMID- 3156724 TI - Contact allergy to glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. PMID- 3156725 TI - Role of interleukin-1 in human B-cell activation. PMID- 3156726 TI - Immunogenetics of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3156727 TI - A critical review of electroglottography. AB - The technique of electroglottography is reviewed from the perspective of a laboratory instrument for assessing laryngeal function, a device to assist speech and speaker recognition, and as a potential diagnostic aid in the clinic. A description of the electronic functioning of the electroglottograph (EGG) is provided. Considerable emphasis is given to contemporary research which has focused on laryngeal assessment using the EGG. Methods for validating and aiding the interpretation or reading of the EGG are discussed, including photoglottography, stroboscopy, ultrahigh-speed laryngeal cinematography, and others. The relationship of the EGG to glottal area and glottal volume velocity estimated by inverse filtering is presented. An elementary model of the EGG is described and used to predict characteristic features of the EGG waveform. Clinical data as well as data obtained from subjects with a normal functioning larynx are analyzed. Applications of the EGG to speech processing are outlined, including real-time detection of voicing, voiced and unvoiced speech segments, and silence intervals. The EGG device has potential for assisting speech and speaker recognition systems in certain applications. PMID- 3156728 TI - Isotope-specific T cell factors for the IgE response. AB - Major research on the isotype-specific regulation of antibody responses was carried out in the IgE antibody response, and extended to the other isotypes. Because of dissociation between the IgE and IgG antibody responses, it was anticipated that each isotype may have distinct antigen-specific helper and suppressor T cells. However, current studies explain the dissociation by collaboration between antigen-specific (helper and suppressor) T cells and antigen-nonspecific, but isotype-specific T cells, which form soluble factors having the affinity for the isotype. In the IgE response, soluble factors having affinity for IgE, i.e., IgE-binding factors, are consisted of IgE-potentiating factors and IgE-suppressive factors. The main difference between the two IgE binding factors appears to be carbohydrate moieties in the molecules. Accumulated evidence indicates that the same T cells have capacities to form both IgE potentiating factors and IgE-suppressive factors, and suggests that the nature and biologic activities of the factors are decided in the process of the glycosylation of the same precursor molecules. Mechanisms for the regulation of the glycosylation of the factors will also be discussed in this review. PMID- 3156730 TI - Shoreline nails: sign of drug-induced erythroderma. PMID- 3156729 TI - Renovascular hypertension. PMID- 3156731 TI - [Ripening of the human cervix]. PMID- 3156732 TI - [Acute aortocoronary bypass in the complications following catheter dilatation of the coronary arteries]. AB - Among 762 patients who had transluminal coronary angioplasty (TCA) 39 developed clinical and ECG signs of intermittent or persistent ischaemia for which immediate surgical revascularisation was performed in the hope of preventing infarction. Of the 39 patients 31 had permanent and 8 intermittent ischaemia. Two of the 31 died, of the remaining 29 with permanent ischaemia 27 still had signs of infarction in the ECG on follow-up, despite successful revascularisation; 24 of them were free of symptoms. In two patients with permanent signs of ischaemia and in eight with intermittent ischaemia the ECG was the same before and after revascularisation. If after TCA there is vascular occlusion with permanent transmural ischaemia, it is usually not possible, even under optimal conditions, to prevent infarction because the ischaemia tolerance of the human myocardium at normothermia will have been exceeded. PMID- 3156733 TI - [Intracoronary streptokinase in acute myocardial infarct. Experience with 461 patients]. AB - Between March 1980 and July 1984, coronary angiography was performed on 461 consecutive patients (no age limit) with acute myocardial infarction, and the partially or completely obstructing thrombus lysed by selective intracoronary infusion of streptokinase. At the time of first coronary angiography 96 patients (21%) had a high degree of stenosis but no total occlusion of the infarct vessel (group A). In 365 patients (79%) there was complete occlusion which in 315 patients (86%) was removed successfully after an occlusion period of 213 +/- 87 minutes (group B). In 50 patients (14%) (group C) attempts at reperfusion failed. In 129 of 163 patients (79.1%) with one-vessel disease, PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) was successful. Patients with multiple-vessel disease and an occlusion time of less than four hours, on the other hand, were treated surgically within the first ten days (78 patients). In the remaining 254 patients conservative treatment was practised. Within the first 30 days there were seven deaths (14%) in group C, while among group A and B patients, under conservative treatment, 16 died (7.8%). After successful PTCA four patients (3.1%) died. The lowest mortality was among patients with a short occlusion time and early bypass operation (2.6%). The most frequent cause of death was cardiogenic shock (20 of 29 patients), more rarely ventricular fibrillation (3) or other causes (4). Ventricular rupture occurred in three patients, one of whom was saved by pericardial tap. One year later the mortality among the conservative group was 21.2%, after successful PTCA or bypass operation 9.3% and 6.4%, respectively. PMID- 3156734 TI - [Therapy of mitral valve prolapse and its complications]. PMID- 3156735 TI - [When is manipulation suitable in the care of back problems?]. PMID- 3156736 TI - [Tooth diseases and dental hygiene in the handicapped]. PMID- 3156737 TI - The binding of vanadium (V) oligoanions to sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The binding of monovanadate and decavanadate anions to sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles was measured by equilibrium sedimentation. The affinity of vanadate binding and the molar amount of vanadium (V) bound at equilibrium is much greater with decavanadate than with monovanadate. The binding data can be rationalized in terms of one binding site per ATPase molecule for monovanadate and two sites per ATPase for decavanadate. The Ca-ATPase crystals formed with monovanadate and with decavanadate are similar in appearance, but decavanadate is particularly effective in promoting the crystallization of Ca2+-ATPase at low V concentration (10-100 microM) in a Ca2+-free medium. PMID- 3156738 TI - Purification and some of the functions of the products of bacteriophage T4 recombination genes, uvsX and uvsY. AB - The nonessential T4 genes uvsX and uvsY are involved in DNA repair and general recombination. Using newly isolated amber mutants of these genes, we have identified the gene products (gp) by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Their relative molecular masses are 39 000 and 16 000, respectively. In the normal wild-type infection process they are produced early but not late in infection. Their synthesis continues for a longer period when DNA synthesis is blocked. We have developed procedures to isolate these gene products at a purity of more than 95% for gpuvsX and at 70% for gpuvsY, as judged by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and staining with Coomassie brilliant blue dye. The purification procedures suggest that these products may be membrane proteins. Using both an agarose gel assay and electron microscopy, we find that the product of the gene uvsX catalyzes the assimilation of a linear single stranded fd DNA fragment into superhelical double-stranded fd DNA (RFI). The reaction requires ATP and Mg2+ besides substrate DNAs and uvsX protein. The T4 uvsX protein therefore is similar to the Escherichia coli recA protein in molecular size and function, but differs in antigenic property. PMID- 3156739 TI - 99mTc-plasmin test in deep vein thrombosis of the leg. AB - A 99mTc-plasmin test and phlebography were performed on 45 consecutive unselected patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis of the leg. Phlebography showed thrombosis in 15 cases. In fourteen of these patients there was a positive result in the plasmin test. Eleven other patients had a positive plasmin test result as well. The most common causes for a false-positive result in the plasmin test in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis were acute inflammatory disease and disturbance in venous flow without fresh thrombosis. The sensitivity of the plasmin test in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis was 93% and the specificity was 63%. It is concluded that the plasmin test can be used for the screening of deep vein thrombosis. PMID- 3156742 TI - Secondary ossification center of transverse process: a bone-scan normal variant. AB - This report describes the bone-scan appearance of significantly increased activity in a lumbar transverse process of a 15-year-old boy; we believe it represents a normal variant related to the secondary ossification center. PMID- 3156740 TI - Studies on 18F-labeled pyrimidines III. Biochemical investigation of 18F-labeled pyrimidines and comparison with 3H-deoxythymidine in tumor-bearing rats and mice. AB - Metabolic studies of 18F-labeled 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine(FdUrd), 5 fluorouridine(FUrd) and 5-fluorouracil (FUra) were performed in tumor-bearing rats and mice. Also, the usefulness of 18F-FdUrd and 3H-deoxythymidine (dThd) for tumor detection was compared. In the tumor, 2 h after the injection of the 18F pyrimidines, 3%-11% and 6%-14% of the 18F was present in the nuclear and microsomal fractions, respectively, and 17%-34% and 19%-24% of the 18F was incorporated into the acid-insoluble and nucleotide fractions, respectively. Of the three 18F-pyrimidines, 18F-FUrd demonstrated the highest incorporation rate, while 18F-FUra showed the lowest incorporation rate. The incorporation in the spleen, small intestine, and liver was less than that in the tumor. 3H-dThd and 18F-FdUrd were injected into the same mice. The 3H-dThd was accumulated in the spleen, small intestine, and tumor, and in these three tissues significant amounts of the 3H were incorporated into acid-insoluble materials. However, the clearance of 18F-FdUrd was slow in the tumor but rapid in the spleen and small intestine. In the autoradiograms of the tumor, 18F and 3H showed a slightly different distribution. Both distribution patterns were unchanged when the soluble materials were rinsed out with perchloric acid. For tumor detection, 18F FdUrd gives the same information as radio-dThd, and further information can be obtained by positron-emission tomography. PMID- 3156741 TI - Estimation of parameters affecting the uptake of 99mTc-methylenediphosphonate in rat femur with model simulation. AB - The uptake of 99mTc-methylenediphosphonate (MDP) in different parts of rat femur was simulated using a local three-space model for tracer transfer. The model consisted of bone blood, bone ECF-space and space for tracer deposition. The measured 99mTc-MDP concentration in the systemic blood and the local bone blood flow measured by 131I-macroaggregated albumin microspheres were used as input parameters. The measured blood flow values were 6.3, 3.1 and 15.3 ml/100 g/min for proximal, middle and distal femur, respectively. The model parameters that gave the best fit to measured 99mTc-MDP uptake curves in computer simulation showed that bone blood flow, volume of ECF-space, permeability surface area product and accretion constant from ECF-space to space for tracer deposition were highest in distal and lowest in middle femur. The values corresponded to peak extraction fractions of 0.38, 0.62, and 0.31 for proximal, middle and distal femur, respectively. We conclude that the simulation gives acceptable model parameters, and indicates applicability of a similar model into clinical quantitative bone scintigraphy. PMID- 3156743 TI - A case of adult T-cell leukemia with metastatic calcification. AB - We report a case of adult T-cell leukemia with increased uptake in both lungs which was detected by a bone scan using 99mTc-MDP. This finding is thought to have been caused by the metastatic calcification which is associated with ectopic parathormone production. PMID- 3156744 TI - Chronic 'locked-in' syndrome: psychological study of a case. AB - We describe a 31-year-old man who has been living in a 'locked-in' condition for the past 12 years. Extensive testing, using both the patient's residual eye movements and a writing apparatus, showed preserved cognitive abilities in spite of the long-standing de-efferentation. The emotional consequences of this condition are discussed in relation with the results of personality testing. PMID- 3156745 TI - Macrophage Fc gamma 2b receptor expression and receptor-mediated phospholipase activity: regulation by endogenous eicosanoids. AB - The expression of Fc gamma 2b receptors and receptor-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism by murine peritoneal macrophages was examined in vitro. The expression of Fc gamma 2b receptors was found to increase progressively with time in culture and this increase was dependent on protein synthesis and glycosylation. The increase in Fc gamma 2b receptor expression was inhibited by hydrocortisone and by BW755C, an inhibitor of both the lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism. Inhibition by BW755C was found to be reversed in the presence of exogenous leukotriene D4. In contrast, selective inhibition of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway by indomethacin enhanced the increase in receptor expression. This enhancement was only partially reversed by exogenous prostaglandin (PG)E2. Interaction of the Fc gamma 2b receptor with ligand in the form of erythrocytes specifically sensitized with IgG2b resulted in the release and subsequent metabolism of arachidonic acid. PGE2 was found to be the principal product. Occupation of the Fc gamma 2a receptor did not result in arachidonic acid release. Down regulation of Fc gamma 2b receptor expression produced a commensurate reduction in receptor-mediated phospholipase activity measured by arachidonic acid release. Macrophages cultured for 24 h in the presence of fetal calf serum without additional stimuli produced substantial amounts of eicosanoids. PGI2 was the principal product. Taken together these data demonstrate a potential feedback regulation of receptor-triggered arachidonic acid metabolism by eicosanoids acting at the level of Fc gamma 2b receptor expression. PMID- 3156746 TI - Abnormalities in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction-activated immunologic processes in systemic lupus erythematosus and their possible correction by interleukin 2. AB - The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) represents the activation, proliferation and differentiation of T cells in response to signals from autologous non-T cells. Upon stimulation by autologous non-T cells, OKT4+ cells produce interleukin 2 (IL2); cells contained within both OKT4+ and OKT8+ cell populations can also be activated by autologous non-T cells to become sensitive to IL2. Once these activated OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells are exposed to IL2 produced by OKT4+ cells, they will proliferate and go on to differentiate into effector cells. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a defect in the AMLR. The ability of OKT4+ cells to produce IL2 in the AMLR is impaired. Upon triggering with autologous non-T cells, their OKT8+ cells become sensitive to proliferative signals of IL2; however, their OKT4+ cells fail to express IL2 receptors. These defects are a consistent feature in patients with SLE. AMLR induced immunologic processes which require cell interactions between OKT4+ cell subpopulations are not correctable even by the addition of normal IL2. However, the immunologic processes mediated through OKT4+-OKT8+ cell interactions can be corrected with normal IL2. The latter finding suggests that the partial correction of the AMLR-induced immunologic processes with IL2 might lead to suppressed B cell hyperactivity of patients with SLE. PMID- 3156747 TI - Antigen-specific suppression of anti-influenza antibody production in man. Possible role of a membrane-antigen complex. AB - E rosette-forming (E+) cells from human secondary lymphoid tissue were incubated with high dose influenza A virus (Mem-Bel) in an attempt to generate suppressor T cells. Suppression was assayed by transferring the antigen-pulsed E+ cells into effector cultures consisting of E+ and E- cells stimulated with immunogenic amounts of either the inducing virus Mem-Bel) or the non-cross-reacting influenza B virus (B/HK). The transfer resulted in marked inhibition of IgG, IgA and IgM antibody production to Mem-Bel but not to the control antigen, B/HK virus. The suppressive effect was specific at the level of induction as well as expression since E+ cells exposed to high dose Mem-Bel could provide help to an effector culture containing E- cells and optimal dose of B/HK virus. However, metabolically active cells did not appear to be required for suppression. Thus, it could be elicited (a) after only 15 min incubation of E+ cells with high-dose virus and (b) by E+ cells exposed to irradiation, incubated in the presence of metabolic inhibitors, or disrupted by repeated freeze thawing. In contrast, treatment of E+ cells with pronase reversed the suppressive effect. Interestingly, virus heated to 70 degree C failed to induced suppression, while retailing the ability to elicit a normal helper response. Suppression induced by exposure to standard amounts of high-dose antigen was mediated by T cells of both helper/inducer (Leu-3a+) and suppressor/cytotoxic subsets (Leu-2a+), but not by B cells. Two groups of observations pointed to the B cell as the target of suppression. First, suppression could still be transferred to effector cultures in which helper T cells had been replaced by T cell-replacing factor or suppressor T cells removed by irradiation. Second, significant inhibition of antibody production was obtained when the transfer of antigen-pulsed E+ cells was delayed for up to 120 h after initiation of the effector culture. Taken together the results suggest that suppression in this system is due to the formation of an antigen bridge between specific receptor sites on the T cell membrane and the target. Although not dependent on triggering of metabolically active suppressor T cells the phenomenon highlights the need for care in interpreting the mechanism of suppression by high-dose antigen and could, in addition, represent a biologically important control mechanism capable of rapid inhibition of effector T cells and B cells in sites of high antigen concentration. PMID- 3156748 TI - The use of antiserotonergic agents for the treatment of acute hemorrhagic shock of cats. AB - In cats anesthetized with pentobarbitone sodium the effect of two types of antiserotonergic agents on cardiovascular recuperation after acute hemorrhage was examined. Methysergide, a competitive inhibitor for 5-HT receptors and p chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), an inhibitor of tryptophan-5-hydroxylase, improved blood pressure recovery after bleeding. After extensive hemorrhage (40 ml/kg blood), treatment with methysergide improved survival. It is proposed that serotonin participates in the depressor response and survival of acute hypovolemic hypotension. PMID- 3156749 TI - Combined actions of bronchodilators in guinea-pigs depend on the severity of cholinergic airway obstruction. AB - The effects of theophylline (THEO), given alone and in combination with terbutaline (TER) or ipratropium bromide (IPRA), were investigated on the dose related methacholine (MeCh)-induced bronchoconstriction in anaesthetized guinea pigs. MeCh increased lung resistance (RL) relatively more than it decreased dynamic lung compliance (CDYN), which indicates obstruction of mainly large airways. THEO counteracted MeCh effects on CDYN more than those on RL, in comparison with the effects of TER or IPRA. Combined treatment with THEO + TER or THEO + IPRA usually antagonized the MeCh-induced rise in RL more than did the individual drugs, but the decrease in CDYN was not prevented more than by THEO alone. The actions of the bronchodilator combinations on RL depended on the degree of airway obstruction, being additive on mild or moderate states and synergistic on the most severe bronchoconstriction. Subtherapeutic doses of TER antagonized rather than enhanced the effects of THEO on RL. These results suggest that THEO has a more peripheral apparent site of action than TER or IPRA. A sufficient dose of a beta 2-agonist seems decisive in order to produce an enhanced bronchodilator effect with THEO on large airways. PMID- 3156750 TI - N-(3-acetylaminophenyl)piperazine hydrochloride (BEA 1654), a putative 5-HT1 agonist, causes constriction of arteriovenous anastomoses and dilatation of arterioles. AB - Using 3H-ligands and radioactive microspheres we studied the binding characteristics and the effects on the distribution of carotid arterial blood flow of n-(3-acetylaminophenyl)piperazine hydrochloride (BEA 1654). The compound had a Ki value of 32 nM (5-HT: 8 nM) on 5-HT1 but no or very weak affinity for 5 HT2, alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor sites in rat cerebral cortex homogenates. Intracarotid infusions of BEA 1654 (0.1-1.0 mg X kg-1 X min-1) were nearly equieffective in untreated and treated (phentolamine plus ketanserin) pigs in redistributing carotid arterial blood towards the nutrient compartment (particularly the skin and ears) at the expense of shunting via arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs). In view of the high and selective affinity of BEA 1654 to 5 HT1 binding sites, the similarity of pharmacological responses between 5-HT and BEA 1654, and the ineffectiveness of antagonists of 5-HT2 and alpha-adrenergic receptors to block the AVA constriction and arteriolar dilatation caused by both 5-HT and BEA 1654, we conclude that these effects are mediated by 5-HT1 receptors. The vast difference between the ratios of Ki values for 5-HT1 binding sites and of the pharmacologically effective doses of BEA 1654 and 5-HT suggests that either BEA 1654 may be a partial agonist of 5-HT1 receptors or, while the drug binds with both subsets of 5-HT1 receptors, it is only one type which mediates the pharmacological response. PMID- 3156751 TI - Potentiation of beta-endorphin effects by proglumide in rats. AB - The effects of proglumide, a cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor antagonist, on the analgesia and catalepsy induced by beta-endorphin were investigated in rats. Proglumide itself produced a slight analgesia but no catalepsy. Combined intracerebroventricular administration of beta-endorphin and proglumide produced marked potentiation of the analgesic and cataleptic effects of beta-endorphin. The results suggest that endogenous CCK may have an antagonistic effect on the actions of beta-endorphin in the brain. PMID- 3156752 TI - Direct cardiac actions of the H2 receptor agonists, impromidine and dimaprit. AB - Intracoronary administration of the H2 receptor agonists impromidine and dimaprit at doses that did not alter systemic hemodynamics increased coronary blood flow but had no regional positive inotropic effects. Dose-related increases in myocardial blood flow were observed with both drugs. These effects were attenuated by prior administration of cimetidine. The results of this study demonstrate that H2 coronary receptor stimulation results in vasodilation of both subepicardial and subendocardial regions. PMID- 3156753 TI - Apomorphine selectively stimulates opiocortin hormone release from the pars distalis in rats. AB - Administration of apomorphine (0.3-3.0 mg/kg s.c.) evoked a rapid increase (10 min) in circulating levels of immunoreactive beta-endorphin (i beta-END) in rats. As judged by gel filtration chromatography, virtually all of the increase corresponded to i beta-END resembling beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH) in molecular size. The apomorphine response was inhibited by pretreatment with either the dopamine antagonist, haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg i.p., 2 h) or the glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (50 micrograms/kg i.p., 4 h). Together, these results indicate that dopamine-receptor activation stimulates the release of opiocortin hormones from corticotrophs of the pars distalis. PMID- 3156754 TI - Atriopeptin II: differential sensitivity of arteries and veins from the rat. PMID- 3156755 TI - Verapamil, an antagonist at 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors of human blood platelets. AB - In human blood platelets verapamil and D600 (2-methoxyverapamil) in therapeutic concentrations inhibited the shape change reaction induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) but not that induced by ADP. The N-methylated derivatives (D575 and D890) had much less effect. The inhibitory action of verapamil was independent of external Ca2+. Nitrendipine and diltiazem (20 microM) had no effect on the 5HT- and the ADP-induced shape change reactions. Since both these shape change reactions are mediated by a rise in cytoplasmic free Ca2+, it is concluded that the inhibition of the 5HT effect by verapamil and D600 was not due to their interference with calcium channels but rather to an antagonistic action on 5HT2 receptors. This view is supported by the finding that verapamil but not D575 competed with [3H]ketanserin and [3H]spiroperidol for their specific binding sites on membranes of rat cerebral cortex. PMID- 3156757 TI - Proliferative heterogeneity of vascular smooth muscle cells and its alteration by injury. AB - This study was designed to explore the question of whether the population of morphologically similar smooth muscle cells (SMC) in the vessel wall is functionally homogeneous or heterogeneous with respect to their proliferative response to injury. Using time-lapse video recording we measured interdivision times (IDT) of primary SMC clones, sibling pairs, and mother/daughter pairs. SMC from in vivo undisturbed vessels displayed an interclonal and intraclonal heterogeneity with a wide range in IDT. In vivo balloon injury resulted in a population with homogeneously short IDT. While 80% of IDT of SMC from injured vessels were shorter than 14 h, only slightly more than half of IDT of cells from undisturbed vessels fell into this category. Longitudinal analysis of mother/daughter pairs confirmed the presence of a heterogeneous population of SMC in the undisturbed vessel wall. In vivo balloon injury not only shortened the IDT of the majority of cells, but the shorter IDT persisted much longer than in the case of the undisturbed vessel. We suggest that a morphologically homogeneous SMC population in the aorta can now be subdivided into several groups of functionally different SMC with respect to their proliferative response to injury. PMID- 3156756 TI - Differentiation between the stimulus effects of l-5-hydroxytryptophan and LSD. AB - The stimulus properties of the serotonin precursor 1-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and the hallucinogen d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) were compared in a two lever, water-reinforced drug discrimination task. 5-HTP (in combination with the peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor Ro 4-4602) elicited no more than 50% drug lever responding in rats trained to discriminate LSD (0.08 mg/kg) from saline while LSD substituted completely in animals trained to discriminate 5-HTP (50 mg/kg) from saline. Combination tests indicated that, while the 5-HTP cue was unaffected by pretreatment with various serotonin antagonists, the substitution of LSD for 5-HTP was abolished by the putative serotonin-2 antagonist ketanserin. It was concluded that LSD mimics 5-HTP by stimulating a subset of serotonin receptors activated by 5-HTP which are sensitive to ketanserin (serotonin-2?). PMID- 3156758 TI - Acute inflammation induced by immune complexes in the microcirculation. AB - The aims of the studies presented in this publication were to elucidate the morphology and quantitate the kinetics of an inflammatory reaction elicited by immune complexes and to ascertain the role of complement in the reaction. The hallmark of both the direct active (DAA) and reversed passive (RPA) Arthus reactions was the accumulation of immune precipitates and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in and around vessels. Using fluoresceinated antigen as a tracer, immune complexes localized in the lumina and walls of venules and small veins in the DAA and in the wall of vessels and perivascularly in RPA. PMNs accumulated at these same sites, phagocytosed the fluoresceinated complexes and became degranulated. The precise localization of immune complexes was achieved by examining the same tissue sections first by fluorescence microscopy, followed by conventional staining and examination by light microscopy. Marked stasis of the microcirculation was observed, particularly in DAA, in which a few immune complex containing PMNs were entrapped in a mass of densely packed red blood cells. Some edema was observed in early lesions and definitive separation of collagen fibers was noted in lesions older than 2 hr. Hemorrhage became the dominant characteristic of both types of reactions from 2 hr onward. By administering radiolabeled cells, proteins, and microspheres as a "pulse," given at various times before sacrifice, the quantitation and kinetics of the inflammatory lesions elicited by immune complexes could be elucidated. In RPA all parameters quantitated reached a peak soon after elicitation of the reaction (2-4 hr), which is in keeping with other forms of acute inflammation. In DAA there was some difficulty in assessing the quantitation because of interanimal variations and because of progression of the inflammatory lesions, as the antigen diffused peripherally from the site of its injection. Peak activities occurred in 4- to 8 hr-old lesions. These observations and a comparison of the center and periphery of the lesions, strengthen the contention that the RPA and DAA have common features and features which differ. In common are immunological mechanisms (antigen-antibody interaction and complement activation) and cellular events (polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and release of lysosomal contents). Different features are the site of immune complex formation and its sequelae. In RPA they form primarily in the wall of venules and small veins and hence have a marked effect on increase in vessel permeability. In the DAA most of the complexes form and the leukocytes accumulate in the lumen of the same vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3156759 TI - Effect of lonidamine on the aerobic glycolysis of normal and phytohemagglutinin stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - The effect of lonidamine on the aerobic glycolysis and on the ultrastructure of normal and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes has been investigated. In quiescent lymphocytes lonidamine does not affect aerobic lactate production and does not induce ultrastructural modifications. On the contrary, lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin become susceptible to lonidamine inhibition. The rate of lactate production is decreased by 50% and mitochondria appear swollen with rarified matrix and disrupted cristae. The different effect of lonidamine can be ascribed both to the biochemical modifications induced by phytohemagglutinin and to the mechanism of lonidamine itself. Phytohemagglutinin increases the activity of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase and determines a shift of cytoplasmatic hexokinase toward the mitochondria-bound form which is responsible for the increased lactate production. This interpretation is supported by the finding that lonidamine, which specifically inhibits mitochondria-bound hexokinase only when mitochondria are in a condensed state, decreases lactate production to a value similar to that found in unstimulated cells. The inability of lonidamine to affect the aerobic glycolysis of quiescent lymphocytes can be interpreted along the same line. On this basis it is suggested that the inhibition of mitochondria-bound hexokinase might be ascribed to marked changes in membrane conformation that affect the activity of membrane-associated enzymes, rather than to a direct effect of the enzyme itself. PMID- 3156760 TI - An ultrastructural study on ischemic lesions in rabbits' hearts with pressure overload and hyperlipidemia. AB - The effect of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and the combination of both on acute and chronic myocardial ischemia were evaluated in a total of 30 male rabbits. After preliminary hypertension and/or hyperlipidemic load by loading of the abdominal aorta and/or cholesterol feeding, acute ischemia was produced by clipping of the left coronary artery. The banding produced elevation of carotid arterial pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy. Cholesterol feeding resulted in severe atheromatous changes in all sizes of coronary arteries. The intimal thickening was due to foam cell accumulation in all arteries examined. Animals pretreated with the combination of hypertension and hyperlipidemia displayed the most severe cardiolmegaly with advanced coronary atherosclerosis and chronic ischemic lesions of the myocardium, i.e., perivascular patchy fibrosis in the subendocardial area. Furthermore, electron microscopic detection of ultrastructural myocardial damage, involving glycogen depletion, sarcoplasmic edema, mitochondrial swelling, and contractile abnormalities, was also most frequent in this group. These changes were quantitated using the ischemic score. These results confirm the hypothesis that fatal ischemic injuries may occur clinically in human hearts with coronary insufficiency due to coexistence of hypertensive cardiomegaly and severe coronary atherosclerosis. They offer a model for further study of these combined effects. PMID- 3156761 TI - Dissociation of actomyosin complex by monovalent fragments of polyclonal antibodies to myosin. AB - The monovalent fragments of antibodies specific for skeletal muscle myosin inhibit myosin ATPase activity and dissociate the actomyosin complex, as shown by analytical ultracentrifugation and viscosity measurements. PMID- 3156762 TI - Enhancement of Ca2+-induced catecholamine release by the phorbol ester TPA in digitonin-permeabilized cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. AB - The phorbol ester, 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate acetate (TPA), increased the extent of catecholamine release induced by Ca2+, without affecting the basal release response in digitonin-permeabilized chromaffin cells. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that protein kinase C has a role to play in stimulus-secretion coupling in the bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cell. PMID- 3156763 TI - Increase of alcohol dehydrogenase and protein content of liver following chronic ethanol administration. AB - Increased alcohol tolerance following chronic alcohol administration has been explained by increased mitochondrial oxidation of NADH and or increased activation of MEOS. According to our experiments this increased tolerance after chronic alcohol consumption is connected with an increased activity of ADH. PMID- 3156764 TI - Membrane crystals of Ca2+-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum of developing muscle. AB - The vanadate-induced crystallization of Ca2+-ATPase was analyzed on sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles isolated between 10 and 28 days of development from pectoralis muscles of chicken. After exposure to Na3VO4 in a Ca2+-free medium, Ca2+-ATPase crystals begin to appear on portions of the surface of a few vesicles, isolated at 18 days of development. Thereafter, the number of vesicles containing Ca2+ ATPase crystals rapidly increases and after 1 week of postnatal development (28 days), it reaches the adult level of about 30% of the vesicle population. These observations are discussed with reference to the mechanism of Ca2+-ATPase crystallization and the regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum biosynthesis. PMID- 3156765 TI - Deoxynojirimycin inhibits the formation of Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol in intestinal epithelial cells in culture. AB - The lipid-linked oligosaccharides synthesized in the presence of the alpha glucosidase inhibitors, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DJN) and N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin (MDJN), were compared in IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cells in culture. HPLC analysis of the oligosaccharides obtained before and after exhaustive jack bean alpha-mannosidase digestion indicates that control and MDJN-treated cells synthesize similar amounts of Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol. In contrast, the formation of this compound is greatly reduced in DJN-treated cells, the major lipid-linked oligosaccharide found being Man9GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol. The decreased availability of the preferred donor for protein glycosylation may account for the impaired glycosylation and secretion of certain glycoproteins in the presence of DJN. PMID- 3156767 TI - [The lecture-seminar method of studying internal diseases in a medical college]. PMID- 3156768 TI - [Experience in sociological research on the development of nurse midwife personnel in the Turkmen SSR]. PMID- 3156766 TI - Drug metabolism in the newborn. AB - The duration and intensity of drug action depend not only on the dose of the drug but also on the rates at which drugs are transformed to products that can be excreted readily by the kidney. Two general categories of drug metabolism occur in the liver: phase 1 reactions (oxidations-reductions and hydrolyses) and phase 2 reactions (synthetic conjugations). Phase 1 reactions produce functional groups that can participate in phase 2 reactions. Phase 1 reactions are almost nonexistent in the fetuses of laboratory animals; however, many appear in primates during the first trimester of gestation. Phase 2 reactions are deficient prenatally in both rodents and primates. Parturition triggers a surge of both phase 1 and phase 2 reactions. The lack of uniformity of the development of phase 1 oxidative reactions during the early neonatal period reflects the multiplicity of cytochrome P-450 hemoproteins, the terminal oxidases responsible for most hepatic oxidative biotransformations. The rate of recovery of chemically induced losses of cytochrome P-450 systems is age dependent. PMID- 3156769 TI - [Hygienic problems in the organization of field work]. PMID- 3156770 TI - Ablation of folliculogenesis in women by a single dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist: significance of time in cycle. AB - Effects of single subcutaneous doses (1, 5, 20, and 100 micrograms) of nafarelin, a potent gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, on the physiologic events of the human menstrual cycle were studied in 28 normal women. Nafarelin entered the circulation rapidly after injection. Peak concentrations were observed within 1 hour, and the plasma half-life was 4 to 5 hours. Maximal concentrations of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were reached 3 to 4 hours after nafarelin administration. The magnitude of the gonadotropin responses depended both on the phase of the menstrual cycle (smallest responses during the early follicular phase) and the dose of nafarelin. Nafarelin administration during the early follicular phase delayed ovulation by 4.6 +/- 1.7 (standard deviation) days and prolonged the duration of the menstrual cycle from a pretreatment length of 29.2 +/- 2.1 days to 33.4 +/- 4.0 days (P less than 0.001). When nafarelin was administered shortly before or after ovulation, cycle length was not altered consistently. Administration 5 to 10 days after ovulation resulted in a truncated luteal phase. These observations suggest that the hormonal events triggered by nafarelin during the early follicular phase temporarily arrest the process of selection of the dominant follicle. Repeated intermittent administration of nafarelin or other gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists in the early follicular phase may prevent follicular maturation and ovulation and may be a practical approach to contraceptive development. PMID- 3156771 TI - Adhesion formation after tubal surgery: results of the eighth-day laparoscopy in 188 patients. AB - First-look laparoscopy (FL) on the eighth day after salpingostomy, fimbrioplasty, or adhesiolysis was performed in 188 patients. Behavior of postoperative adhesions and the occurrence of pregnancy after tubal surgery were compared with a similar group of 127 patients in whom no FL was performed. In greater than 50% of the cases (104/188), adhesions were found on the eighth postoperative day around both adnexa or the only remaining adnexum. Adhesions were mainly located between the ampulla and the ovary and between the ovary and the lateral pelvic wall or broad ligament. More than half of the adhesions that were separated at FL did not recur. It was concluded that FL significantly diminished the occurrence of permanent pelvic adhesions. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy after salpingostomy was significantly lower when FL was performed. FL on the eighth postoperative day can be regarded as a well-accepted procedure with few complications. PMID- 3156772 TI - The use of a mobile laboratory cart in a successful university-based human in vitro fertilization program. AB - The use of a mobile laboratory unit for a successful university-based IVF program is described. The construction of the cart is described in detail. The laboratory cart can be pushed to any site where ovum aspiration is carried out (either operating theater or ultrasound facilities). Aspirated oocytes can be transferred immediately to culture media and transported back to the gamete handling laboratory for embryo culture. Developing embryos can also be transported to any location in the hospital for transfer. This system is inexpensive and has eliminated the need to duplicate specialized equipment for a gamete handling laboratory adjacent to the operating room. New construction charges have been eliminated; and as new egg retrieval methodologies are developed, the use of the mobile laboratory cart will provide our IVF program with maximum flexibility in changing sites within the hospital. Used in conjunction with an extensive quality control program, this modification has not interfered with oocyte fertilizability or with the overall pregnancy rate in the University of Wisconsin IVF program. PMID- 3156773 TI - [Adoptive transfer of immunologic memory for Staphylococcus to intact recipients]. PMID- 3156774 TI - [Epidemiology of occupational dermatoses (IV)]. PMID- 3156775 TI - Dyshidrosiform pemphigoid. Report of an additional case. AB - A case of localized pemphigoid simulating dyshidrosis is described. Only direct immunofluorescence permitted a correct diagnosis. PMID- 3156776 TI - Hyperkeratotic (Norwegian) scabies and onychomycosis in an immunosuppressed patient. AB - Hyperkeratotic scabies and onychomycosis were associated in an immunosuppressed patient. Onychomycosis healed spontaneously after treatment of scabies. A possible interrelationship between Sarcoptes scabiei infestation of the hyponychium and dermatophytes infestation of the nail plate could be responsible for this peculiar evolution. PMID- 3156778 TI - 75,000 severely disabled children. AB - This article explores the epidemiological potential of the computerised record of applications to the Family Fund, which contains details of 75,000 children with severe disabilities in the UK. It illustrates the strengths and weaknesses of the record, with an analysis of variation in the characteristics of the children and their families by principal handicapping conditions. PMID- 3156777 TI - [Paraneoplastic erythroderma: apropos of a case]. AB - A 63-year-old male patient had severe exfoliative dermatitis (erythroderma) which led to the discovery of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. The possibility of paraneoplastic erythroderma is discussed. Although such an aetiology is rare, 5 cases with a similar paraneoplastic syndrome have been previously reported, which cannot be considered as a merely fortuitous association of exfoliative dermatitis and visceral cancer. PMID- 3156780 TI - [Effect of the supplementary administration of ascorbic acid to the daily diet of the degree of vitamin saturation of the body and erythrocyte thermal resistance during work in an arid zone]. PMID- 3156779 TI - Handedness in the mentally handicapped. AB - The prevalence of left-handedness and the degree of handedness were examined in 130 normal and mentally handicapped pupils of both sexes, aged between seven and 18 years. Handedness was assessed by means of 10 performance items. The prevalence of left-handedness among normal pupils (10.6 per cent) was significantly lower than that for the mentally handicapped group (26.5 per cent). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of left-handedness between the mentally handicapped pupils with and without Down's syndrome. The degree of handedness was also reduced in the mentally handicapped group, but again there was no difference between those with and without Down's syndrome. PMID- 3156782 TI - Indications for laparoscopy before and after the introduction of ultrasonography. AB - We compared the outcome of laparoscopy performed from 1973 to 1974, prior to the introduction of routine ultrasound diagnostics, with that of examinations during the period 1980-1981 when ultrasound had become a well-established technique in the diagnosis of hepatic lesions. Our data reveal statistically significant changes in the use of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of cholestasis and tumors of the hepatic parenchyma. Laparoscopy now has fewer indications in the study of the jaundiced patient with suspected extrahepatic cholestasis which is easily identified at ultrasound. Given the high sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in detecting metastases, laparoscopy has become a secondary examination. However, there has been an increase in the use of laparoscopy to identify benign hepatic lesions, particularly hemangiomas. PMID- 3156781 TI - [Budd-Chiari syndrome and membranous obstruction of the suprahepatic inferior vena cava. Treatment by percutaneous intraluminal angioplasty]. AB - A 38-year-old woman, suffering from a Budd-Chiari syndrome due to membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava, has been treated by percutaneous trans luminal angioplasty. The result is excellent six months after. The permeability of the vena cava has been studied by manometry and cavography. This innocuous procedure seems worth while in the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome with membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava. PMID- 3156784 TI - Laparoscopic drainage of amebic liver abscess. PMID- 3156785 TI - [Comparative study of the properties of thromboplastins of plant and animal origin]. PMID- 3156783 TI - Fitz-Hugh and Curtis syndrome in a homosexual man with impaired cell mediated immunity. PMID- 3156786 TI - [A new solution for blood preservation containing adenine, nicotinamide and phosphates]. PMID- 3156787 TI - Relationship between the structures and steroidogenic functions of the testes of the urohaze-goby (Glossogobius olivaceus). AB - The testis of the brackishwater goby (Glossogobius olivaceus, the urohaze-goby in this text) consists of two main components, the glandular and the seminiferous tissue. After manual separation of the two tissues, in vitro steroidogenesis in each tissue was examined using testes from mature males in the breeding season. Cell-free homogenates (800g supernatant fluid) of each tissue were aerobically incubated with 14C-labeled pregnenolone, progesterone, 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, or 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione in the presence of NAD+ or NADPH. (1) Glandular tissue: Pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone were converted to progesterone and androstenedione, respectively, in the presence of NAD+. In the presence of NADPH, the following metabolism of steroids was established. Progesterone was transformed to 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione (main product), 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione, and androstenedione. 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone was metabolized into 17 alpha hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione (main product), 3 beta, 17 alpha-dihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, androstenedione, and 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione. From androstenedione, 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione (main product) and epiandrosterone were obtained. Testosterone was transformed to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (main product), 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, epiandrosterone, and 5 alpha androstane-3,17-dione. 5 alpha-Pregnane-3,20-dione was metabolized into 17 alpha hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione, 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione, epiandrosterone, and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. (2) Seminiferous tissue: Almost all of the above metabolites were obtained, but the yield was much smaller, especially for 5 alpha-reduced metabolites, compared with that for glandular tissue. From these results, it is concluded that steroidogenesis in the testis of G. olivaceus is characterized by the predominant activity of 5 alpha-reductase and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and that these are localized mainly in glandular tissue, together with delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase + delta 5-delta 4 isomerase, 17 alpha-hydroxylase, and C-17-C-20 lyase. PMID- 3156788 TI - [Statistical substantiation of sanitary-bacteriological control of milk products at dairy farms by laboratories of sanitary-epidemiological centers]. PMID- 3156789 TI - [Activities of the Brest regional sanitary-epidemiological station in carrying out sanitary control of rural facilities]. PMID- 3156790 TI - [Hygienic characteristics of living conditions in apartment houses built with agglomerate-foam concrete]. PMID- 3156791 TI - [Radiation doses received by residents of the Chelyabinsk region from natural gamma-sources of the territories and buildings]. PMID- 3156792 TI - [Current problems of the safe use of chemicals in agriculture]. PMID- 3156793 TI - The relevance of impairments to age targeting of housing assistance. PMID- 3156794 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty]. PMID- 3156795 TI - Protection of nonmodified phage lambda against EcoK restriction mediated by recA protein. AB - A study was conducted to establish whether the EcoK-specific restriction, which is alleviated in E. coli cells after UV induction of the SOS response (Day 1977), is also alleviated under the influence of an increased level of recA protein without induction of other SOS functions. The host cells used were E. coli K-12, strain AB2497, and its derivatives; the nonmodified phage lambda was a mutant b2b5(vir). An increase of the recA protein level was induced using the plasmid pX02, which is a recombinant of pBR322 carrying the recA gene of E. coli. AB2497(pX02) cells were found to exhibit a lower level of restriction than those without plasmid. The results indicate that the recA protein protects phage DNA during the process of restriction. A further factor affecting restriction is the growth phase of the culture of the restricting host: cells in the late stationary phase exhibit lower restriction than those in the exponential phase of growth. By a combination of these two factors (presence of plasmid pX02 and stationary growth phase) one can reduce the restriction of nonmodified phage about 300 times. PMID- 3156796 TI - [Supraglottal registration of phonatory airflow with a heated wire anemometer probe]. PMID- 3156797 TI - [Norfloxacin treatment of acute cystitis in the female and bacterial prostatitis]. PMID- 3156798 TI - [Antihypertensive and anti-ischemic effect of nitrendipine. Double-blind, randomized, crossover and placebo controlled acute study]. AB - Nitrendipine is a newly-developed calcium channel blocker derived from the dehydropyridine series which, according to experimental studies, affects marked dilation of the peripheral and coronary vessels. As compared with the parent compound nifedipine, nitrendipine exhibits a clearly more prolonged elimination half-time. This study was designed to evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy, in particular, with respect to the duration of action as well as the anti-ischemic effectiveness with a protocol encompassing as many factors as possible. In 13 patients with angiographically-documented coronary artery disease and elevated blood pressure at rest and/or during exercise, on two days separated by a three day washout period, we investigated the effects of 20 mg nitrendipine, as compared with placebo, in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study. The systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure as well as the heart rate were recorded prior to, at two, five, eight and twelve hours after medication and the blood pressure only at 24 hours. Blood pressure and heart rate were assessed during active standing at two hours, passive tilt at 2 1/2 hours and, together with analysis of the ST segments, before and during semisupine bicycle ergometry performed at three hours after tablet administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3156799 TI - An inhibitor of urokinase and tissue plasminogen activators in Dunning R3327H prostate tumors of rats treated with D-Trp6-LH-RH. AB - The antifibrinolytic activity of cytosol from Dunning R3327H rat prostate tumors was studied. The prostate tumors from rats treated with D-Trp6-LH-RH had 2.5 times lower plasminogen activator activity than tumors from untreated rats. This was due to the presence of an inhibitor of plasminogen activator as well as a reduction in residual activity of plasminogen activator(s). Only the cytosolic extracts from prostate tumors of rats treated with D-Trp6-LH-RH contained this inhibitor. The purified inhibitor (m.w. 21,000), formed a complex with urokinase and partially purified plasminogen activator(s) from prostate tumors of untreated as well as D-Trp6-LH-RH treated rats. The increase in antifibrinolytic activity after treatment with LH-RH analogs may be an important factor in reducing the invasiveness of the prostate tumor. PMID- 3156801 TI - Utility of porphyrins and light in the diagnosis and treatment of malignancy. PMID- 3156800 TI - Experimental laser phototherapy of the Morris 7777 hepatoma in the rat. AB - The tumoricidal effect of the activation of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), by an argon-ion-dye-laser (wavelength 630 nm), was investigated in the Buffalo rat bearing subcutaneous implants of the Morris 7777 hepatoma. Tumor growth was monitored by measuring the tumor volume with constant force calipers. In control animals and those that were pretreated with HpD alone (10 or 20 mg per kg by i.p. injection) or laser light alone (2,000 J at 100 mW), a predictable exponential growth pattern of the cancer was observed. Animals were pretreated with HpD (10 mg per kg by i.p. injection) 48 hr prior to the fiberoptic, intratumor delivery of laser radiation (2,000 J at 100 mW), when the tumor had reached a volume greater than 1.5 cm3. Forty-eight hours after combined laser and HpD treatment, the hepatoma underwent coagulation necrosis, and the tumor volume rapidly increased from a mean value of 1.8 +/- 0.7 cm3 S.D. to a value of 5.8 +/- 1.5 cm3 S.D., compared with a mean of 3.7 +/- 0.7 cm3 S.D. in animals who had not received laser phototherapy. Rats treated with HpD and laser light survived longer (mean survival time 48 +/- 12 days S.D.) than did the other animals treated with the laser alone or HpD alone (mean survival time 31 +/- 16.5 S.D.). Tissue biodistribution studies with tritiated hematoporphyrin derivative, given with doses of 10 and 20 mg per kg of HpD, showed higher concentrations of the dye in the liver, kidneys and spleen than in the tumor at 48 hr after administration of the dye.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3156802 TI - Monoclonal antibody identification of mononuclear cells in endomyocardial biopsy specimens from a patient with rheumatic carditis. AB - A 17-year-old woman with rheumatic carditis underwent endomyocardial biopsy both prior to and following treatment with prednisone and aspirin. Frozen sections from the endomyocardial biopsy specimens were studied with monoclonal antibodies by an indirect immunofluorescence technique to define the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate in the myocardium and to determine whether the composition of the infiltrate is distinctive and diagnostically useful. The specimen from the initial biopsy contained a heterogeneous infiltrate composed of T lymphocytes, macrophages, B lymphocytes, and mast cells. T lymphocytes predominated, and the ratio of T-helper to T-cytotoxic/suppressor cells was 2.0. Following treatment the overall cellularity of the infiltrate was diminished, but the infiltrate remained heterogeneous; T cells predominated, and the T-helper to T-cytotoxic/suppressor ratio was reversed, to 0.59. The composition of the inflammatory infiltrate in this case of rheumatic carditis distinguishes it immunologically from other "idiopathic," presumably virus-associated, forms of myocarditis. PMID- 3156803 TI - Leukocyte common antigen--a diagnostic discriminant between hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic neoplasms in paraffin sections using monoclonal antibodies: correlation with immunologic studies and ultrastructural localization. AB - Immunohistochemical localization of human leukocyte common antigen (LCA), a major membrane glycoprotein restricted to leukocytes, was evaluated in paraffin sections of a wide variety of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic tissues (294 specimens) with monoclonal antibodies (PD7/26 and 2B11). In nonneoplastic tissues, LCA was identified on B and T lymphocytes, with variable immunoreactivities for plasma cells and histiocytes. By light microscopy and ultrastructurally, LCA was localized predominantly to the cell membrane and was also present focally in the cytoplasm. Myeloid cells at all stages of maturation were non-reactive, as were erythroid cells, megakaryocytes, and all non hematopoietic tissues. Monocytes and mast cells, however, revealed membrane staining for LCA. In nearly all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the B- and T-cell types (74 of 80; 93 per cent), the lymphoid infiltrate was immunoreactive for LCA. In specimens from patients with Hodgkin's disease (nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity type), rare Reed-Sternberg cells stained for LCA. Neoplastic cells were consistently immunoreactive for LCA in specimens from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia of the B- or T-cell type, prolymphocyte leukemia, and hairy cell leukemia. However, tissues from only three of eight cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia were LCA-positive, with most non-reactive specimens exhibiting CALLA (J5) positivity. In cases of multiple myeloma, only minor populations of plasmacytic cells exhibited membrane staining for LCA. Nonhematopoietic neoplasms (102 evaluated), including small cell anaplastic carcinomas, amelanotic melanomas, alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas, Ewing's sarcoma, and germ cell tumors, were uniformly non-reactive. Human LCA represents an excellent cell marker for paraffin sections, to distinguish hematopoietic neoplasms, particularly of the lymphoid type, from poorly differentiated tumors of epithelial, mesenchymal, or neural derivation. PMID- 3156804 TI - Improved technique for the expression of fragile-X in cultured amniotic fluid cells. AB - An improved technique for inducing fra(X) expression in cultured cells was obtained by using diazepam for mitotic arrest and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) for the induction of fra(X) expression. The method was developed using cultured fibroblast and urinary cells from fra(X) patients. Prenatal studies were performed on cultured amniotic fluid cells in five pregnancies at risk for fra(X). In two cases the cultured cells showed a 46,XY, fra(X) karyotype. One of the pregnancies was terminated and the diagnosis was confirmed by chromosome studies on several fetal tissues including chorionic villi and by histopathologic changes in the lymphatic vessels of the fetal testes. The fra(X) was also demonstrated in chorionic villi in a case in which amniotic fluid cells were not studied. Chorionic villi were isolated after a spontaneous abortion, the cultured cells had a 45,X karyotype and in addition 5% of the cells were fra(X) positive. PMID- 3156806 TI - [Characterization of the leukemic cell population in a patient with T-ALL at disease beginning and in recurrence: parallel changes in phenotypic and functional behavior]. AB - The phenotypic and functional characteristics of the leukemic cells from one patient with a suppressor T-ALL were studied. At the time of diagnosis a high proportion of OKT8 positive (suppressor/cytotoxic) cells were identified which mediated strong suppressor activity to the differentiation of allogenic B-cells. A complete remission of 12 months duration was achieved by chemotherapy. In the relapse the marker analysis showed a dramatic decrease of the OKT8 positive cell fraction. Functionally the suppressor activity was completely lost indicating a close correlation between phenotype and functional activity also in a leukemic cell population. PMID- 3156805 TI - Randomised comparative study of ceftriaxone and spectinomycin in gonorrhoea. AB - From 26 April to 30 June 1983 a total of 200 men with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis were randomly treated with either 2 g spectinomycin or 250 mg ceftriaxone, both administered intramuscularly. Of 197 isolates tested for the presence of the enzyme beta lactamase, 91 (46.2%) were positive (PPNG) and 106 (53.8%) were non-PPNG strains. All 93 patients treated with spectinomycin and followed up and 97 treated with ceftriaxone and followed up were cured. Ceftriaxone 250 mg administered by intramuscular injection is highly effective in treating gonococcal infections caused by both PPNG and non-PPNG strains and is an appropriate alternative to spectinomycin. PMID- 3156807 TI - Functionally distinct human T-lymphocyte clones sharing potent suppressive activity on immunoglobulin secretion. AB - T-lymphocyte clones derived from populations sensitized to alloantigens in vitro were tested for their regulatory effects on pokeweed mitogen-stimulated immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion. Clones with natural killer (NK)-like cytotoxicity and/or suppressive activity for lymphoproliferative (LP) responses potently inhibited Ig secretion. Moreover, certain alloproliferative T4+ interleukin-2 (IL 2)-secreting 'helper' clones shared this strong suppressive activity on Ig secretion. The remaining clones enhanced, rather than suppressed, Ig production. Inhibition by all types of suppressive clones appeared not to be restricted by MHC products, since allogeneic HLA-mismatched donors were suppressed as efficiently as the autologous donor. Suppression was radioresistant, and was apparently not caused by absorption of IL-2, or cytotoxicity of the clones. Suppression was still detectable at plateau levels when cloned cells were added as late as 96 hr after the initiation of the cultures, suggesting an inhibitory mechanism divorced from early B-cell activation events. Thus, T-lymphocyte clones with distinct different functional activities share similar profound suppressive effects on Ig secretion in vitro. PMID- 3156808 TI - Augmentation of cell-mediated responses in vitro by a monoclonal anti-helper factor antibody. AB - Previous studies have shown that monoclonal antibody AF3.44.4 has specificity for a constant region determinant on mouse antigen-specific helper factors and that it also binds to cultured T cells with functional helper cell characteristics. The antibody synergizes with antigen to enhance in vitro antibody responses; here we demonstrate that it will also enhance cell-mediated responses in vitro such as in the generation of proliferating cells in mixed lymphocyte responses and in the generation of specific killer cells in cytotoxic T lymphocyte cultures. The mechanism of AF3.44.4-generated enhancement was investigated. Increased levels of the lymphokines IL-2 and BCDF were detected in supernatants of AF3.44.4-treated cultures but the antibody itself could not replace interleukin-2 (IL-2), and would not stimulate primed cells in the absence of antigen. This type of monoclonal antibody which augments immunological responses in an antigen dependent fashion may provide a new class of immunostimulant and a new approach to augmenting the responses of weak immunogens. PMID- 3156809 TI - Helper and suppressor functions of human mononuclear cells depleted of antigen binding T8+ cells. AB - We have utilized the antigen-binding function of a subset of T8+ cells to remove these cells in vitro from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This was carried out by treating the cells with streptococcal antigen (SA), monoclonal anti-SA antibody and complement. The concentration of SA binding to T8+ cells differs with the HLA-DR type of the cells: 1 ng SA binds to DRw6+ cells and elicits T helper activity, whereas 1000 ng SA elicits T suppressor activity, in an assay for antibody-forming cells. After depletion of the antigen-binding cells by the SA-specific complement-dependent killing technique, the helper function of the DRw6+ cells was lost but suppression was elicited not only by 1000 ng but also by 1 ng SA. Similarly, DRw6- cells which bind 1000 ng SA to elicit helper activity and 1 ng to elicit suppression, when depleted of the SA-binding cells, resulted in loss of helper activity but again, suppression could be elicited by both 1000 and 1 ng SA. We suggest that treatment of mononuclear cells with antigen, the specific antibody and complement removes the T8+ antigen-binding cells which present antigen to T helper cells and results in the loss of helper function. Suppressor function is however, not only retained with the original concentration of SA but also expressed with that required to elicit helper function in the untreated cells. These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that the antigen-binding and presenting T8+ cells also function as contrasuppressor cells. Thus, the T8+ subset of cells have a dual function, to present antigen and to activate T helper cell function, and to prevent suppressor cells from inhibiting the helper cells. PMID- 3156810 TI - The biological effect of three thymosin fraction 5 polypeptides in the murine mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - The biological effects of three thymosin fraction 5 polypeptides, designated as beta 10, beta 4, and alpha 1 were tested in the MLR of mouse splenocytes, lymph node cells and thymocytes against syngeneic or allogeneic stimulators. It was found that all three polypeptides, after in vivo and in vitro treatment of the responder cell population, could enhance the allogeneic MLR. These polypeptides were also able to induce significant syngeneic MLR in systems where responder cells were used against irradiated syngeneic splenocytes. In addition, while beta 4 was shown to have a weak stimulatory effect on allogeneic MLR utilizing thymocytes as the responder cell type, alpha 1 could strongly induce such responses when syngeneic splenocytes were included into the culture system. Preincubation of purified mature T cells or thymocytes with alpha 1 has shown these cells to be the target of this polypeptide action. Thus, it appears that thymosin fraction 5 polypeptides not only initiate differentiation processes of immature T cells, but also exert their effects on mature T lymphocytes. PMID- 3156812 TI - Five-year findings of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program. Prevention and reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy with antihypertensive drug therapy. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group. AB - The Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program followed 10,940 hypertensive adults for 5 years. Participants were monitored with electrocardiograms (ECGs) and chest x-ray films. Changes in ECG and cardiothoracic ratio were compared between stepped car and the referred care groups. In those with tall R wave by ECG at baseline, who survived the 5-year follow-up, incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by ECG criteria was 4.1% in the stepped care group and 8.6% in the referred care group (p less than 0.01). In those participants with ECG evidence of tall R wave or LVH at baseline, the rate of regression toward normal was 54.3% in the stepped care group and 42.9% in the referred care group (p less than 0.01). Reversal of enlarged cardiac silhouette on chest x-ray film (cardiothoracic ratio greater than or equal to 0.5) occurred in 47% of the stepped care group and in 38% of the referred care group (p less than 0.01). These results indicate that the use of systematic antihypertensive therapy to achieve goal blood pressure reduces the incidence of LVH enlarged cardiac silhouette in adults with hypertension. In addition, it was found that antihypertensive treatment tends to reverse previous LVH or high cardiothoracic ratios toward a normal ECG and chest x-ray film pattern among hypertensive subjects. These findings are of particular importance because these indices are predictors of poor prognosis among untreated patients with hypertension. PMID- 3156813 TI - What is the role of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the management of hypertensive patients? AB - Noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure (BP) recording is now clinically available for the evaluation of hypertensive patients. It is well known that pressures measured in the office or clinic are unreliable and that repeated measurements are better at predicting outcome than are single measurements. Several studies have compared the correlation between target organ damage and different measures of BP, and in every instance ambulatory BP measurements have given better correlations than clinic readings. In one prospective study the ambulatory BP readings were more predictive of BP-related morbidity than were clinic readings. Data are now being obtained that will establish normal ranges of BP during ambulatory monitoring, against which values from patients being evaluated for hypertension can be compared. It is concluded that ambulatory BP monitoring is of clinical value for the evaluation of patients with mild hypertension. PMID- 3156811 TI - Isolation of follicular dendritic cells from human tonsils and adenoids. III. Analysis of their Fc receptors. AB - Follicular dendritic cells (FDC), isolated from human tonsils or adenoids, were tested for their capacity to retain monomeric, aggregated or antigen-bound human antibodies in the absence of serum. FDC retain fluorescein-labelled heat aggregated human immunoglobulins, but not monomeric ones nor fluorescein-labelled F(ab')2 in monomeric or aggregated form. Ultrastructural observations showed that colloidal gold-labelled monomeric, or antigen-bound, antibodies directed against tetanus toxoid are retained by dendrites and membrane infoldings of FDC but are never located in cytoplasmic vesicles. This retention was inhibited by incubating FDC with unlabelled aggregated or antigen-bound antibodies. When gold-labelled anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies were incubated in the presence of protein-A before the contact with FDC, a strong reduction of their retention occurred. This further suggested the presence of Fc receptors on isolated tonsillar FDC. Endocytosis was not observed in isolated FDC, even after prolonged incubation in presence of labelled immune complexes: their Fc receptors are, thus, not related to a phagocytic activity as they are in macrophages. Simultaneous ultrastructural labelling of Fc and C3b receptors with colloidal gold particles of different sizes did not reveal any clear relations between these two receptors on the surface of FDC. PMID- 3156814 TI - Ex vivo effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on arachidonic acid metabolism in neutrophils from a reverse passive Arthus reaction. AB - Rat neutrophils isolated from 4-h reverse passive Arthus reaction (RPAR) pleural exudates actively metabolize arachidonic acid via cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. Utilizing this system, the effect of oral doses of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on the ability of these cells to produce HHT, 5-HETE, and LTB from exogenously added arachidonic acid has been investigated. In vitro and ex vivo, indomethacin and timegadine inhibit cyclooxygenase activity in rat pleural neutrophils. In vitro, timegadine is a lipoxygenase as well as a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. This dual inhibition is confirmed by the observation that ex vivo timegadine inhibits the production of lipoxygenase as well as cyclooxygenase metabolites. While indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, primarily inhibits edema formation, the inhibition of both pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism by timegadine is reflected in the drug's ability to reduce cellular influx as well as edema formation in the RPAR pleural cavity inflammatory reaction. PMID- 3156815 TI - Siderophore activity of pyoverdin for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces an extracellular compound with yellowish green fluorescence, called pyoverdin, which functions as a siderophore. The production of pyoverdin, formerly called fluorescein, is concomitant with the production of another siderophore, pyochelin. Pyoverdin is produced by P. aeruginosa in several forms, some of which were separated on gel filtration columns and on reverse phase, high-pressure liquid chromatography columns. An active form of iron-free pyoverdin was purified to homogeneity. The elution of pyoverdin from the columns was monitored for absorbance, fluorescence, and siderophore activities. These activities, iron binding, and the stimulation of bacterial iron transport indicated that pyoverdin can function as a siderophore for P. aeruginosa. The siderophore function of pyoverdin may be related to the pathogenicity of this bacterium because pyoverdin stimulated growth not only in iron-deficient culture medium, but also in defined medium containing transferrin and in human serum or plasma. PMID- 3156816 TI - Microbe-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis enhancement after preculture. AB - The in vitro blastogenic response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to Fusobacterium nucleatum and other oral microorganisms was enhanced if the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured for 24 h at 37 degrees C prior to the addition of stimulant. The enhancement which occurred at optimal and supraoptimal concentrations of F. nucleatum (10 to 100 micrograms/ml) was detected after a preculture period of as little as 2 h. The blastogenic response was a result of T-cell proliferation, and enhancement occurred independently of monocytes. Suppressor activity was induced by culturing fresh lymphocytes for 24 h in the presence of supraoptimal concentrations of F. nucleatum. The enhancement phenomenon occurred independently of the prostaglandin effects on lymphocyte blastogenesis and was not abrogated by treatment with indomethacin. PMID- 3156817 TI - Physiology of the IgE system and mechanisms of its dysfunction in atopic diseases. PMID- 3156818 TI - The value of exercise tests in the follow-up of patients who underwent transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - We describe the functional and anatomical follow-up of 25 patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in our hospital. In addition, the relative value of different non-invasive methods in predicting a restenosis in the late follow-up period is described. Before angioplasty all patients had subjective and objective signs of coronary artery disease, mainly due to proximal circumscript one-vessel disease. The anatomical evolution was studied by angiographic investigation before, early and late after angioplasty. At the same time intervals we determined the functional level as based on history, exercise electrocardiography, thallium-201 scintigraphy at rest and maximal exercise and technetium ejection fraction determination at rest and maximal exercise. Our data show that angioplasty is a good method of treatment for a selected group of patients with coronary artery disease. The mean stenosis of the dilated vessel decreased significantly from 83% before to 38% late after angioplasty (P less than 0.001). Furthermore the functional status of the patients improved as reflected by the decrease in anginal complaints (P less than 0.001), the increase in negative exercise electrocardiograms (0.01 less than P less than 0.02), exercise level (0.01 less than P less than 0.02) and ejection fraction difference between rest and maximal exercise (P less than 0.001) and the decrease in thallium ischemic defects (P less than 0.001). Comparison of the different non invasive methods shows that the evolution of the ejection fraction difference between rest and exercise is the most reliable way to discover a possible restenosis in the late follow-up period. PMID- 3156819 TI - The return of surgical angioplasty of the left main coronary artery. PMID- 3156821 TI - The reliability of the routine chest roentgenogram for determination of heart size based on specific ventricular chamber evaluation at postmortem. AB - Routine posteroanterior and lateral chest radiographs in 268 patients were analyzed to determine heart size--normal, cardiomegaly, or specific chamber enlargement--using specified radiographic criteria for enlargement. The accuracy of this determination was compared with a specific ventricular mass derived from a postmortem cardiac chamber partition technique. The data indicate that in the majority of cases (greater than 70%) a normal-sized heart or cardiomegaly can be correctly determined from the chest x-ray either by the subjective criteria of chamber enlargement or by measurement of the transverse diameter. The use of the chest x-ray, however, for evaluation of specific ventricular chamber enlargement is a less accurate determination, and results are compromised. PMID- 3156820 TI - Induction of class II (Ia) alloantigen expression on corneal endothelium in vivo and in vitro. AB - Class II (DR or Ia) alloantigens are potent inducers of cell-mediated immune responses. However, the expression of Class II alloantigens on corneal cells, except for Langerhans cells within the limbal epithelium, has not previously been described. We have induced Ia expression on cultured rabbit corneal endothelial cells with human immune interferon, and have demonstrated numerous Ia-positive cells in the endothelium during primary immunogenic uveitis in vivo. Cultured endothelial cells which had been treated with immune interferon in vitro functioned as stimulator cells in a mixed leukocyte reaction. Induction of Class II alloantigen expression by lymphokines may potentiate corneal allograft rejection. PMID- 3156822 TI - Necrotizing fasciitis: early awareness and principles of treatment. AB - Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious life-threatening disease. A series of 11 patients with this disease is described, with emphasis on clinical diagnosis, initiating factors, associated diseases, etiologic pathogens and treatment. The following conclusions can be drawn from this report: Escherichia coli was the most prominent single pathogen, hyperbaric oxygen did not show any added beneficial effect, and diabetes mellitus did not affect morbidity and mortality. There is no doubt that aggressive and radical surgical excision and repeated debridement, combined with i.v. antibiotics and hyperalimentation, are essential to achieve a favorable outcome in this fulminant disease. PMID- 3156823 TI - The role of nerve lysosomal enzymes in the pathogenesis of denervation atrophy. Electromyographic and histochemical study in rats. AB - Section of sciatic nerves of rats produced fibrillations within 3 days. Foci of hyalination leading to necrosis corresponded to segments of muscles containing end plates. The electrolyte content, mainly Ca, was increased, NADH2-TR activity was decreased and membrane ATP-ase was increased. The known increase in hydrolytic enzyme activities in denervated muscles was due to spilling of lysosomal enzymes from degenerating axons at the myoneural junction. This explains the discrepancy between morphological studies indicating paucity of lysosomes in normal muscles and the high hydrolytic enzyme activities in denervation. We propose that denervation changes are at least partly due to the effect of lysosomal spillage from degenerating axons. PMID- 3156824 TI - The major histocompatibility complex of the cynomolgus monkey. II. Polymorphism at three serologically defined loci and correlation of haplotypes with stimulation in MLC and skin graft survival. AB - The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the cynomolgus monkey has been further characterized by testing in population and family studies 50 new alloantisera along with previously characterized sera. This resulted in the redefinition of three of the original 21 CyLA specificities and the identification of 14 additional specificities. Genetic evidence for the existence of a third class I locus, designated CyLa-C, is presented together with evidence for the linkage of a locus-controlling allostimulation of mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) to this complex. The number of alleles assigned to the CyLA-A locus was increased from seven to 14, the B locus from six to ten, and the newly defined C locus was assigned six alleles. Haplotype and gene frequencies were counted from the family data and compared with estimates from the population. Several examples of linkage disequilibrium were noted, though this does not appear to be a pronounced feature of the system. One informative family was identified in which a recombination resulted in the segregation of the MLC response with CyLA-A thus, implying that this may be the homologue of the B locus of other primate systems. In addition to the linkage of an MLC locus to CyLA, further evidence that this is the cynomolgus MHC came from the effect of haplotype matching on the survival of skin grafts exchanged within families. An increase in the mean graft survival time was dependent upon the number of haplotypes matched. The organization and degree of polymorphism of the cynomolgus MHC was shown to be homologous to other primate systems, which should allow this species to serve as a substitute for the rhesus macaque as a genetically defined model in transplantation and immunology research. PMID- 3156825 TI - Impaired B lymphocyte reactivity in patients after radiotherapy. AB - The effect of therapeutic irradiation upon B lymphocyte function was investigated in patients with various malignancies. The test system used was a reverse hemolytic plaque assay, which made it possible to study the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC). Peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal individuals and patients before and after radiotherapy were stimulated in vitro with the polyclonal B cell activator pokeweed mitogen, and the number of ISC was estimated. B cell reactivity was markedly reduced in those patients who had received irradiation within the last six months. In patients in whom radiotherapy had been terminated more than 12 months before the lymphocytes were tested, B cell reactivity was comparable to that of patients prior to radiotherapy. By means of marker analyses, there was a reduction of B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood with a preponderance of T helper cells. Several mechanisms--e.g., reduced or defective B cell differentiation, altered regulatory T-helper or suppressor cell function or activation of suppressive monocytes--could be responsible for impaired B cell reactivity after radiotherapy. PMID- 3156826 TI - Social maturation. Work group proceedings. PMID- 3156827 TI - Developing independence. AB - The transition from living a life as others want (dependence) to living it as the adolescent wants to live it (independence) is extraordinarily difficult for most teen-agers and their families. The difficulty is compounded in the case of adolescents with disabilities. They are often denied access to the same opportunities of life that are accessible to the nondisabled. They face special problems in augmenting their inherent capacities so that they can take fuller advantage of the accommodations that society makes in an effort to grant them access. In particular, they need training designed to increase their capacities to make, communicate, implement, and evaluate their own life-choices. The recommendations made in this paper are grounded in the long-standing tradition of parens patriae and enlightened paternalism; they seek to be deliberately and cautiously careful about the lives of adolescents with disabilities and their families. We based them on the recent tradition of anti-institutionalism and they are also consistent with some of the major policy directions of the past 15-20 years. These include: normalization, integration, and least-restrictive alternatives; the unity and integrity of the family; the importance of opportunities for self-advocacy; the role of consumer consent and choice in consumer-professional relationships; the need for individualized services; the importance of the developmental model as a basis for service delivery; the value of economic productivity of people with disabilities; and the rights of habilitation, amelioration, and prevention. PMID- 3156828 TI - Developing independence. Work group proceedings. PMID- 3156829 TI - Education and career preparation for youth with disabilities. PMID- 3156830 TI - Education and career preparation. Work group proceedings. PMID- 3156831 TI - Health services for adolescents with impairment, disability, and/or handicap. An ecological paradigm. PMID- 3156832 TI - Community services. Work group proceedings. PMID- 3156833 TI - Who are the disabled among us? PMID- 3156834 TI - Youth with disability. The transition years. Opening remarks. PMID- 3156835 TI - Cognitive development and adolescent disabilities. PMID- 3156837 TI - Sexual habilitation of youngsters with chronic illness or disabling conditions. AB - While health care professionals have acknowledged the need to address the area of sexuality in the rehabilitation of adults, the sexuality of children with habilitative needs is still largely ignored. Chronically ill and disabled children are at risk for psychosexual disorders and nonfulfillment of sexual needs. This article presents a model for identification of and intervention to overcome impediments to development of healthy sexuality. Specific suggestions for such intervention, organized by developmental stage, are provided. The questions of who is responsible for incorporating sexual habilitation into treatment and when intervention should begin are raised and answered. The potential problem of securing parental cooperation is also discussed. PMID- 3156838 TI - In-vitro activity of methicillin against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Methicillin activity against 149 penicillin-resistant, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains from bacteraemia cases with endocarditis (n = 89) or without endocarditis (n = 60), from the years 1976-1981, was studied with broth dilution and agar dilution. While no differences in methicillin susceptibility were found in relation to the origin of the strains, Staph. aureus of the phage type complex 94,96 showed significantly higher MIC and IC50 by agar dilution than strains of other phage groups/complexes. This difference probably has no clinical importance but is of epidemiological interest. Broth dilution MIC was generally one dilution higher than agar dilution MIC, possibly explained by methodological factors. The MBC/MIC ratios never exceeded two in any of the strains, indicating a lack of tolerance in these clinically important isolates. PMID- 3156836 TI - Social maturation. A challenge for handicapped and chronically ill adolescents. AB - Adolescents who are disabled may develop excellent self-esteem if they feel supported by their families and can take advantage of opportunities to develop their own identity and independence. Their illness, and/or their reluctance to participate in peer and school activities, and/or their parents' inability to encourage optimal growth of their independence, may all discourage disabled adolescents from maturing into meaningful adulthood. Efforts should be focused on assisting disabled adolescents and their families to realize the full potential of the adolescent's social maturation. PMID- 3156839 TI - Advantages and disadvantages of an in-vitro model with two compartments connected by a dialyser: results of experiments with ciprofloxacin. AB - A two-compartment in-vitro model is described in which the compartments are separated by a hollow-fibre dialyser. It was used successfully to simulate the 2 compartment kinetics of intravenously administered ciprofloxacin and to observe the activity of ciprofloxacin against a strain of Serratia marcescens growing in the peripheral compartment. Because of the complexity of the apparatus, however, the experiments were labour-intensive, prone to break-down, and gave results only slowly. There was a possibility that drug-resistant variants were carried over from one experiment to the next by re-use of the dialyser. While the model could give very flexible kinetics and retained all of the culture, there were constraints on the variations in kinetics from the physical sizes of the compartments and practicable flow rates. An ever-present problem was the possibility of fluid diafiltering rapidly into either compartment. Such a model should perhaps only be used when a very short drug half-life is to be simulated or very flexible kinetics required. Simpler, multi-channel equipment could be more productive. PMID- 3156840 TI - Effect of mechanical loading on displacements of chest wall during breathing in humans. AB - Using a respiratory inductive plethysmograph (Respitrace) we studied thoracoabdominal movements in eight normal subjects during inspiratory resistive (Res) and elastic (El) loading. The magnitude of loads was chosen so as to produce a fall in inspiratory mouth pressure of 20 cmH2O. The contribution of rib cage (RC) to tidal volume (VT) increased significantly from 68% during quiet breathing (QB) to 74% during El and 78% during Res. VT and breathing frequency did not change significantly. During loading a phase lag was present on inspiration so that the abdomen led the rib cage. However, outward movement of the abdomen ceased in the latter part of inspiration, and the RC became the sole contributor to VT. These observations suggest greater recruitment of the inspiratory musculature of the RC than the diaphragm during loading, although changes in the mechanical properties of the chest wall may also have contributed. Indeed, an increase in abdominal end-expiratory and end-inspiratory pressures was observed in five out of six subjects, indicating abdominal muscle recruitment which may account for part of the reduction in abdominal excursion. Both Res and El increased the rate of emptying of the respiratory system during the ensuing unloaded expiration as a result of a reduction in rib cage expiratory-braking mechanisms. The time course of abdominal displacements during expiration was unaffected by loading. PMID- 3156843 TI - Effects of starvation on lung mechanics and biochemistry in young and old rats. AB - Two groups of rats (young and old) were food-deprived for 3 wk and were compared with age-matched fed groups. Final body weight and dry and wet weights of lungs were significantly reduced in both young and old starved rats. As determined by saline volume-pressure (VP) curves, lungs of young starved rats accepted significantly less volume at all pressure levels compared with lungs of young fed rats. When expressed as a percent of maximum lung volume, the VP curve in young starved rats was significantly shifted upward at low lung volumes. In the old rats, the VP curves were similar in fed and starved rats. Total lung content of protein, DNA, crude connective tissue, hydroxyproline, and elastin were significantly reduced in young starved compared with young fed rats, whereas in old starved rats only protein and DNA contents were lower than those in old fed animals. It appears that in rapidly growing young rats starvation leads to growth retardation, loss of connective tissue components, and possibly reduction in tissue elastic forces at low lung volumes, whereas starvation has no significant effects on lung mechanics and connective tissue in old rats. PMID- 3156841 TI - Reduced training intensities and loss of aerobic power, endurance, and cardiac growth. AB - Twelve subjects participated in an exercise program of cycling and running 40 min/day, 6 days/wk. After 10 wk, they continued to train with either a one-third or two-thirds reduction in work rates for an additional 15 wk. Frequency and duration for the additional training remained the same as during the 10 wk of training. The average increases in maximum O2 uptake (VO2 max) were between 11 and 20% when measured during cycling and treadmill running after 10 wk of training. VO2 max was not maintained at the 6-day/wk training levels with a one third reduction in training intensity but was still higher than pretraining levels. With a two-thirds reduction in intensity, VO2 max declined to an even greater extent than with the one-third reduction. Short-term endurance (approximately 5 min) was maintained in the one-third reduced group but was markedly reduced in the two-thirds reduced group. Long-term endurance was decreased significantly from training by 21% in the one-third reduced group (184 145 min) and by 30% in the two-thirds reduced group (202-141 min). Calculated left ventricular mass, obtained from echocardiographic measurements, increased approximately 15% after training but returned to control levels after reduced training in both groups. These results demonstrate that training intensity is an essential requirement for maintaining the increased aerobic power and cardiac enlargement with reduced training.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3156845 TI - Current concepts of chronic pain management. PMID- 3156844 TI - The surgical management of erectile impotence. PMID- 3156846 TI - Internal disc disruption. PMID- 3156847 TI - Is home health care cost effective? PMID- 3156842 TI - Neonatal endotracheal flowmeter for tidal volume, airway pressure, and end-tidal gas. AB - We have designed a new endotracheal flowmeter to measure tidal volume, phasic and mean airway pressures, inspiratory time, and end-tidal PCO2 and PO2 in intubated infants. The flowmeter is light (11 g) and adds minimal dead space (1.0 ml) and resistance (2 cmH2O X 100 ml- X s) to the infant's airway. The volume signal (less than or equal to 10 ml) is linear to 7 Hz, and end-tidal gases can be measured at respiratory rates of 90 breaths/min. This flowmeter is particularly valuable for evaluation of rapid mechanical ventilation of very low birth weight infants. PMID- 3156848 TI - Mutations in bacteriophage lambda repressor that prevent RecA-mediated cleavage. AB - In this paper, we report on the isolation and sequence analysis of mutations that confer an induction-deficient phenotype to lambda repressor. A total of 16 different mutations, which occur at 13 different sites in the repressor gene, have been characterized. For most of the mutant lysogens, frequencies of spontaneous induction in a recA+ strain were reduced dramatically in comparison with those for a wild-type phage, and these mutant lysogens showed little or no prophage induction after UV irradiation. The immunity properties of cells containing the mutant repressors show that all of the mutants but one exhibit operator-binding properties indistinguishable from wild-type repressor. PMID- 3156849 TI - Copy mutant of mini-Rts1: lowered binding affinity of mutated RepA protein to direct repeats. AB - Nucleotide sequence analysis of mini-Rts1 and its copy mutant disclosed the presence of two clusters of direct-repeat sequences flanking the coding region for the 33,000-dalton RepA protein and two base substitutions on the mini Rts1cop1 genome (Kamio et al., J. Bacteriol. 158:307-312, 1984). On subcloning of the left cluster (incI) that is located downstream from repA, the five 24-base pair repeats expressed a stronger incompatibility toward mini-Rts1 than did the four repeats. The right cluster (incII) that contains three 21-base-pair repeats also exhibited strong incompatibility toward mini-Rts1. By separating the two base substitutions of mini-Rts1cop1, the mutation that is responsible for the copy increase was determined to be a single base change in the RepA coding region. Both clusters of the repeats, cloned separately into the vector plasmid, showed a weaker incompatibility toward mini-Rts1cop1 than to the wild-type mini Rts1. These findings suggest a lowered binding affinity of the mutated RepA protein to the direct repeats. PMID- 3156850 TI - Bioenergetic studies of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation using 31phosphorus NMR. AB - The relationship between phosphorylation ratio [( ATP])/[ADP][Pi], phosphocreatine (PCr)/Pi, and ATPase activity was determined for isolated rat heart mitochondria, and the use of phosphorylation ratio and/or PCr/Pi as bioenergetic indices (Chance, B., Eleff, S., Leigh, J. S., Sokolow, D., and Sapega, A. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 6714-6718) was evaluated. Isolated rat heart mitochondria were suspended at low concentration (0.5-2.0 mg of protein/ ml) in oxygenated KCl/sucrose/4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1 piperazineethanesulfonic acid medium at 25 degrees C and pyruvate, malate, PCr, ATP, Pi, and Mg2+ were added. Changes in extramitochondrial phosphorus compounds were followed by 31P NMR. The ATPase activity was varied by the addition of potato apyrase. It was found that the logarithm of steady state PCr/Pi decreased linearly with increasing ATPase rate with a PCr/Pi intercept of 32.8 at 0 ATPase rate. The log phosphorylation ratio was also linearly related to the ATPase rate with an extrapolated maximum value of 6.87 at 0 ATPase rate, corresponding to a phosphorylation ratio of 7.41 X 10(6) M(-1) and a delta GATP of -16.3 kcal. The phosphorylation ratio in these experiments (for state 4 respiration) was greater by 1 or 2 orders of magnitude than previously reported for either isolated mitochondria or for whole tissue. PMID- 3156852 TI - Cell surface proteoglycan of mammary epithelial cells. Protease releases a heparan sulfate-rich ectodomain from a putative membrane-anchored domain. AB - Heparan sulfate-rich proteoglycan is present on the surface of NMuMG mouse mammary epithelial cells. All of this cell surface fraction is lipophilic, assessed by intercalation into lipid vesicles, and requires proteolytic cleavage to be released from the cell surface. No proteoglycan is competitively displaced by heparin. The cell surface lipophilic proteoglycan constitutes 52-55% of the total cellular proteoglycan while the remaining proteoglycan is apparently intracellular, comprising a nonlipophilic fraction (35%) and a small (10-13%) lipophilic fraction. Trypsin or chymotrypsin cleaves a labile site between the region of the cell surface proteoglycan bearing the glycosaminoglycan chains and the cell-associated portion of the core protein, producing a proteoglycan that is nonlipophilic, has an increased bouyant density, and is smaller than the parent molecule. We refer to this proteoglycan as the ectodomain of the cell surface proteoglycan. The correlation between its cell surface location and lipophilic properties suggests that a hydrophobic domain of its core protein may anchor this proteoglycan in the plasma membrane. In vivo, the proteoglycan may be cleaved from this putative anchor, generating nonlipophilic proteoglycan present as a matrix component, or it may remain a membrane component, anchoring the cell directly to the extracellular matrix. PMID- 3156851 TI - Isolation and characterization of the heparan sulfate proteoglycans of brain. Use of affinity chromatography on lipoprotein lipase-agarose. AB - Heparan sulfate proteoglycans were extracted from rat brain microsomal membranes or whole forebrain with deoxycholate and purified from accompanying chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and membrane glycoproteins by ion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography on lipoprotein lipase-Sepharose, and gel filtration. The proteoglycan has a molecular size of approximately 220,000, containing glycosaminoglycan chains of Mr = 14,000-15,000. In [3H]glucosamine-labeled heparan sulfate proteoglycans, approximately 22% of the radioactivity is present in glycoprotein oligosaccharides, consisting predominantly of N-glycosidically linked tri- and tetraantennary complex oligosaccharides (60%, some of which are sulfated) and O-glycosidic oligosaccharides (33%). Small amounts of chondroitin sulfate (4-6% of the total glycosaminoglycans) copurified with the heparan sulfate proteoglycan through a variety of fractionation procedures. Incubation of [35S]sulfate-labeled microsomes with heparin or 2 M NaCl released approximately 21 and 13%, respectively, of the total heparan sulfate, as compared to the 8-9% released by buffered saline or chondroitin sulfate and the 82% which is extracted by 0.2% deoxycholate. It therefore appears that there are at least two distinct types of association of heparan sulfate proteoglycans with brain membranes. PMID- 3156854 TI - 13C NMR study of the biosynthesis of toxins by Fusarium graminearum. AB - 13C NMR spectroscopic investigations on the biosynthesis of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium graminearum (M69) were carried out through the incorporation of [1 13C]- and [2-13C]acetate precursors. The major secondary metabolites produced by this species in still culture were deoxynivalenol (3,7,15-trihydroxy-12,13 epoxytrichothec-9-en-one), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and butenolide. [1-13C]- and [2-13C]acetate were incorporated in alternate carbon atoms in zearalenone, consistent with the head to tail condensation of nine acetate units. The trichothecenes were enriched in a manner consistent with the condensation of three mevalonate units. 13C/13C couplings, observed between C-5 and C-12, as well as between C-6 and C-15 of 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, confirms the current hypothesis of formation of the trichothecene ring system by cyclization of farnesyl pyrophosphate. The incorporation pattern in ergosterol is also consistent with a mevalonate origin, while the adjacent incorporation of acetate methyl groups in butenolide suggests a glutamate precursor. The degree of enrichment in the secondary metabolites, which ranged from 3 to 10% at each carbon site, was observed in the 13C NMR spectra of the crude fungal extracts to be dependent on the timing of acetate addition to the culture. The specific toxins produced together with the quantity of each, were also found to be dependent on the timing of acetate addition. Competition between the three biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolism, i.e. polyketide, mevalonate, and amino acid for the labeled acetate in this organism is a complex function of culture conditions. PMID- 3156853 TI - Nature of the rat brain 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase isozymes. AB - The complex nature of the brain 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase isozymes was examined by elution with a discontinuous gradient from QAE (quaternary aminoethyl)-Sephadex. In the first wash (150 mM NaCl), where the rat muscle 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase isozyme (M4) eluted, about 40% of the total brain 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase activity washed through without exhibiting a sharp peak. In the second elution (300 mM NaCl), the remaining activity eluted in a sharp peak that preceded where the major rat liver 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase isozyme (L4) eluted. Enzyme activity in brain extracts or purified brain isozymes was titrated above 90% with M4 anti IgG and 20% with L4 anti-IgG. A purification procedure was developed which resulted in a recovery of 70 to 80% of the original enzyme activity in brain 100,000 X g supernatant fluids. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on slab gels and detection by silver staining indicated that three components were present with apparent molecular weights of 87,500, 85,000, and 80,000. The 85,000- and 80,000-dalton components corresponded to the subunits of M4 and L4, respectively. The third component (C type) was thought to be an actual subunit since it exhibited the highest molecular weight and was present in an exhaustively washed immunoprecipitate of the purified brain isozymes. From 10 different purifications of the brain enzyme, the subunit distributions of the liver, muscle, and C-type subunit were 1.4 +/- 0.2, 4.9 +/- 0.5, and 3.9 +/- 0.3, respectively. A comparison of the kinetic properties of purified liver, muscle, and brain isozymes clearly demonstrated that all three preparations had quantitatively different regulatory properties. All three subunits were present in different regions of the brain, and region-specific changes in total activity and the relative amounts of each subunit were observed. This study suggests that brain 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase is a complex mixture of homotetramers and hybrids which are composed of different amounts of the three subunits. PMID- 3156855 TI - Stoichiometric photolabeling of two distinct low and high affinity nucleotide sites in sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. AB - Highly purified 3'-arylazido-ATP (aATP) was obtained by high performance liquid chromatography. In the dark, this photoactivatable ATP analog was a competitive inhibitor of ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by purified sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ATPase with a Ki of 10 microM. The analog itself was hydrolyzed by the enzyme in the dark. A biphasic curve of velocity of hydrolysis of the analog versus aATP concentration was obtained, indicating the presence of high and low affinity sites with K0.5 of approximately 10 microM and 300 microM, respectively. Upon irradiation with visible light, a biphasic curve was obtained for the level of covalent photolabeling of the enzyme versus [beta-32P]aATP concentrations. Levels of 6.5-9 nmol of analog/mg of protein and 20-22 nmol of analog/mg of protein were obtained when labeling with 20-30 or with 400 microM aATP, respectively, showing the existence of 1 mol of high affinity sites/mol of ATPase and 1-1.5 mol of low affinity sites/mol of enzyme. The rate of light-dependent incorporation of [beta 32P]aATP was decreased by the presence of ATP, Pi, 2',3'-O-(2,4,6 trinitrocyclohexadienylidene-ATP, or Ca2+ in the illumination media. Photolabeling of the high affinity sites had little effect on the velocity of ATP hydrolysis but significantly inhibited the splitting of additional aATP added in the dark. Photolabeling the low affinity sites caused irreversible inhibition of the ATPase activity. The inhibition was prevented by having ATP in the illumination medium, which protected it from labeling. Gel filtration chromatography in the presence of detergent showed that radioactive photolabel was incorporated in the SR ATPase protein. The results indicate that aATP is a useful tool for stoichiometrically labeling and probing the nucleotide binding domains of the SR ATPase. PMID- 3156856 TI - Characterization of fibrinogen New York 1. A dysfunctional fibrinogen with a deletion of B beta(9-72) corresponding exactly to exon 2 of the gene. AB - Fibrinogen New York 1 (NY-1) was identified in a family with a thrombotic tendency. Studies on fibrinogen NY-1 and the fibrinogen from her brother, designated NY-1a, showed that both have abnormal thrombin-nonclottable fibrinogen (50% of the total fibrinogen in NY-1 and 35-40% in NY-1a) and that the trait is heterozygous and autosomal codominant. The abnormal fibrinogen polymerizes in the presence of calcium and can be further cross-linked by Factor XIIIa. The release rates of fibrinopeptides A and B by thrombin from both (NY-1 and NY-1a) were slower than those from normal fibrinogen. Two mol of fibrinopeptide A but only 0.6-1.0 (NY-1) or 1.0-1.3 (NY-1a) mol of fibrinopeptide B were released per mol of fibrinogen. Additionally, only 1.0 (NY-1) or 1.3 (NY-1a) mol of the B beta(1 42) peptide were released by plasmin/mol. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the reduced fibrinogen revealed two protein bands in the B beta-chain region (Mr = 54,000 as compared with 57,300 for the normal). When NY 1a fibrinogen was treated with CNBr, two sizes of the NH2-terminal disulfide knot were obtained (Mr = 59,000 and 49,000). The Mr = 49,000 component is consistent with an abnormal NH2-terminal disulfide knot with two defective NH2-terminal B beta-chains. Amino acid sequence analyses demonstrated that the abnormal B beta chain is the result of a deletion in the sequence from residues 9 to 72. This deletion corresponds exactly to exon 2 of the gene. Since this family has a thrombotic tendency, the defect in the fibrinogen may be important in the pathogenesis of thrombosis in this family. PMID- 3156857 TI - Tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase mediate the binding of Glu-plasminogen to plasma fibrin I. Evidence for new binding sites in plasmin-degraded fibrin I. AB - The effect of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) or urokinase on the specific binding of human Glu-plasminogen to fibrin I formed in plasma by clotting with Reptilase was studied using 125I-plasminogen and 131I-fibrinogen. In the absence of TPA, small amounts of plasminogen were bound to fibrin I. TPA induced binding of plasminogen to plasma fibrin I that was dependent upon the concentrations of TPA and plasminogen as well as upon the time of incubation. Plasminogen binding occurred in association with fibrin clot lysis and the formation in the clot supernatant of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complexes. Urokinase also induced binding of plasminogen to plasma fibrin I that was concentration- and time-dependent. The molecular form of plasminogen bound to the fibrin I plasma clot was identified as Glu-plasminogen by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by fast performance liquid chromatography. Further studies demonstrated that fibrin I formed from fibrinogen that had been progressively degraded by plasmin-bound Glu-plasminogen. The mole ratio of plasminogen bound increased with the time of plasmin digestion. Glu-plasminogen did not bind to fibrin I formed from fibrinogen progressively digested by human leukocyte elastase, thereby demonstrating the specificity of plasmin. These studies demonstrate that plasminogen activators regulate the binding of Glu-plasminogen to fibrin I by catalyzing plasmin-mediated modifications in the fibrin substrate. PMID- 3156858 TI - The uvsX protein of bacteriophage T4 arranges single-stranded and double-stranded DNA into similar helical nucleoprotein filaments. AB - The bacteriophage T4 uvsX gene codes for a DNA-binding protein that is important for genetic recombination in T4-infected cells. This protein is a DNA-dependent ATPase that resembles the Escherichia coli recA protein in many of its properties. We have examined the binding of purified uvsX protein to single stranded DNA (ssDNA) and to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) using electron microscopy to visualize the complexes that are formed and double label analysis to measure their protein content. We find that the uvsX protein binds cooperatively to dsDNA, forming filaments 14 nm in diameter with an apparently helical axial repeat of 12 nm. Each repeat contains about 42 base pairs and 9-12 uvsX protein monomers. In solutions containing Mg2+, the uvsX protein also binds cooperatively to ssDNA. The filaments that result are 14 nm in diameter, show a 12-nm axial repeat, and they are nearly identical in appearance to the filaments that contain dsDNA. In the filaments formed along ssDNA, each axial repeat contains about 49 DNA bases and 9-12 uvsX monomers. Both the filaments formed on the ssDNA and dsDNA show a strong tendency to align side-by-side. T4 gene 32 protein also binds cooperatively to ssDNA and interacts both physically and functionally with uvsX protein. However, when gene 32 and uvsX proteins were added to ssDNA together, no interaction between the two proteins was detected. PMID- 3156860 TI - The protective role of local hypothermia in tourniquet-induced ischaemia of muscle. AB - The protective effect of local hypothermia was studied in pig's limbs made ischaemic by long, repeated application of a pneumatic tourniquet. Twenty-one Landrace pigs were anaesthetised on two separate occasions six days apart and a pneumatic tourniquet at 500 mmHg pressure was applied to the same forelimb for three and two hours respectively. Ten of the pigs had local hypothermia from cold gel packs placed around the limb during the first tourniquet application; the other 11 had the ischaemic limb exposed to room temperature. In comparison with the normothermic limbs, the hypothermic ischaemic limbs had significant slowing of metabolism. The hypothermic limbs also showed less inflammatory response and a faster rate of recovery, both immediately after removal of the tourniquet, and by the end of the experiment, 10 days after the first tourniquet. Local hypothermia produced by this technique was shown to be safe and effective, while appearing to protect muscles exposed to prolonged tourniquet-induced ischaemia. PMID- 3156859 TI - Phosphorylation of phospholamban in intact myocardium. Role of Ca2+-calmodulin dependent mechanisms. AB - Phospholamban, a putative regulator of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport, has been shown to be phosphorylated in vitro by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and an intrinsic Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity. This study was conducted to determine if Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of phospholamban occurs in response to physiologic increases in intracellular Ca2+ in intact myocardium. Isolated guinea pig and rat ventricles were perfused with 32Pi after which membrane vesicles were isolated from individual hearts by differential centrifugation. Administration of isoproterenol (10 nM) to perfused hearts stimulated 32P incorporation into phospholamban, Ca2+-ATPase activity, and Ca2+ uptake of sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from these hearts. These biochemical changes were associated with increases in contractility and shortening of the t 1/2 of relaxation. Elevated extracellular Ca2+ produced comparable increases in contractility but failed to stimulate phospholamban phosphorylation or Ca2+ transport and did not alter the t 1/2 of relaxation. Inhibition of trans-sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx by perfusing the ventricles with reduced extracellular Ca2+ (50 microM) attenuated the increases in 32P incorporation produced by 10 nM isoproterenol. Trifluoperazine (10 microM) also attenuated isoproterenol-induced increases in 32P incorporation into phospholamban. In both cases, Ca2+ transport was reduced to a degree comparable to the reduction in phospholamban phosphorylation. These results suggest that direct physiologic increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration do not stimulate phospholamban phosphorylation in intact functioning myocardium. Ca2+-calmodulin dependent phosphorylation of phospholamban may occur in response to agents which stimulate cAMP-dependent mechanisms in intact myocardium. PMID- 3156861 TI - Is compliance mismatch the major cause of anastomotic arterial aneurysms? Analysis of 42 cases. AB - In 1,348 anastomoses carried out prior to 1976 at St. Laurence's Hospital, Dublin, 36 anastomotic aneurysms developed for an incidence of 2.7%. Six further anastomotic aneurysms occurred following repair of anastomotic false aneurysms. Suture material failure, infection or lymphatic leakage were not associated with aneurysm formation. Twenty three aneurysms occurred in eight hundred and sixty Dacron to artery anastomoses while 6 occurred in 420 vein to artery anastomoses. Anastomotic false aneurysms were found only with the Dacron to artery anastomoses. Only 9 of 590 anastomoses performed for abdominal aortic aneurysm developed false aneurysms while 14 occurred in 270 for occlusive atherosclerosis. We have concluded that compliance mismatch producing anastomotic shear stress damages the arterial wall. This structural impairment permits tearing out of sutures from the vessel wall. The process is facilitated by prior loss of structural integrity of the vessel wall. PMID- 3156862 TI - Surgical treatment of radiation induced atherosclerotic disease of the iliac and femoral arteries. AB - Ten patients with radiation induced atherosclerosis of the iliac and femoral arteries are described. Therapeutic irradiation in normal doses can induce and aggravate atherosclerosis of large arteries. The lesions are sharply defined within the field of radiation. Irradiation influences the permeability and cellular processes of the vessel wall which leads to development of the atheromatous plaque. Vascular surgery is possible with no mortality and with low morbidity. Because of peri-arterial involvement of tissues and commonly poor skin condition extra-anatomical bypass should be preferred as a primary procedure. PMID- 3156863 TI - A new woven double velour vascular prosthesis. AB - A new woven double velour vascular prosthesis designed to minimize intraoperative blood loss was implanted in 24 animals. Grafts were examined at 3 to 12 month intervals for healing and were compared to woven non-velour grafts implanted in 13 control animals. At 12 months, the velour grafts were 93 to 98% covered with neointima while the control grafts were only 86% covered with neointima. The neointima on the velour grafts was thinner (60 mu) and more vascular than that on the control grafts. Woven double velour grafts were implanted in 20 patients. Minimal bleeding occurred through the grafts which did not require preclotting, were easy to sew, and did not fray. PMID- 3156864 TI - An antiproliferative heparan sulfate species produced by postconfluent smooth muscle cells. AB - Heparan sulfate was isolated form the cell surface, cell pellet, and culture medium of exponentially growing as well as postconfluent bovine aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). After chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and Sepharose 4B, the various mucopolysaccharides were examined for their ability to cause growth inhibition in a SMC bioassay. The heparan sulfate isolated from the surface of postconfluent SMCs possessed approximately eight times the antiproliferative potency per cell of the heparan sulfate obtained from the surface of exponentially growing SMCs. Heparan sulfate isolated from other fractions of exponentially growing or postconfluent SMCs possesses little growth inhibitory activity. The difference in the antiproliferative activities of heparan sulfate obtained from the surface of SMCs in the two growth states could not be attributed to the synthesis of a greater mass of mucopolysaccharide by postconfluent SMCs. Indeed, heparan sulfate isolated from the surface of the postconfluent SMCs exhibits a specific antiproliferative activity which is 13 fold greater than mucopolysaccharide obtained from the surface of exponentially growing SMCs and more than 40-fold greater than commercially available heparin. In addition, exponentially growing SMCs did not exhibit an enhanced ability to degrade the complex carbohydrate. Furthermore, other investigations indicate that the small amount of growth inhibitory activity intrinsic to heparan sulfate isolated from the surface of exponentially growing SMCs is due to residual, biologically active, mucopolysaccharide produced by the primary postconfluent SMCs from which the exponentially growing SMCs were derived. These studies suggest that bovine aortic SMCs are capable of controlling their own growth by the synthesis of a specific form of heparan sulfate with antiproliferative potency. PMID- 3156865 TI - "Spiral asters" and cytoplasmic rotation in sea urchin eggs: induction in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs by elevated temperature. AB - "Spiral asters" composed of swirls of subcortical microtubules were recently described in fertilized eggs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. In our study, these structures did not occur at culture temperatures below 16 degrees C. When the culture temperature was elevated, however, "spiral asters" routinely appeared during a susceptible period before mitotic prophase when the sperm aster-diaster normally exists. A massive and protracted rotation of the cytoplasm (excluding an immobile cortex and perinuclear region) began within 1 min of exposure to elevated temperature. Fibrils of the "spiral aster" could be seen within this rotating mass even by bright-field microscopy. The identity of microtubules in these structures was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. A mechanistic association between "spiral aster" formation and cytoplasmic rotation was indicated by the simultaneous inhibitory effects of microtubule and dynein poisons. Inhibitors of microfilaments, however, had no effect. We infer that elevated temperature induces unique changes in the microtubules of the pre-prophase sperm aster-diaster, resulting in cytoplasmic rotation and the spiral configuration of microtubules. Comparative cytological evidence supports the idea that "spiral asters" do not normally occur in fertilized sea urchin eggs. Biogeographic evidence for S. purpuratus indicates that fertilization and development naturally occur below 15 degrees C, hence "spiral asters" in eggs of this species should be regarded as abnormalities induced in the laboratory by unnaturally elevated temperatures. PMID- 3156866 TI - Cell-substratum adhesion in chick neural retina depends upon protein-heparan sulfate interactions. AB - Embryonic chick neural retina cells in culture release complexes of proteins and glycosaminoglycans, termed adherons, which stimulate cell-substratum adhesion when adsorbed to nonadhesive surfaces. Two distinct retinal cell surface macromolecules, a 170,000-mol-wt glycoprotein and a heparan sulfate proteoglycan; are components of adherons that can independently promote adhesion when coated on inert surfaces. The 170,000-mol-wt polypeptide contains a heparin-binding domain, as indicated by its retention on heparin-agarose columns and its ability to bind [3H]heparin in solution. The attachment of embryonic chick retinal cells to the 170,000-mol-wt protein also depends upon interactions between the protein and the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, since heparan sulfate in solution disrupts adhesion of chick neural retina cells to glass surfaces coated with the 170,000-mol-wt protein. This adhesion is not impaired by chondroitin sulfate or hyaluronic acid, which indicates that inhibition by heparan sulfate is specific. Polyclonal antisera directed against the cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan also inhibit attachment of retinal cells to the 170,000-mol-wt protein, which suggests that cell-adheron binding is mediated in part by interactions between cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan and 170,000-mol-wt protein contained in the adheron particles. Previous studies have indicated that this type of cell substratum adhesion is tissue-specific since retina cells do not attach to muscle adherons. Schubert D., M. LaCorbiere, F. G. Klier, and C. Birdwell, 1983, J. Cell Biol. 96:990-998. PMID- 3156867 TI - A motile Chlamydomonas flagellar mutant that lacks outer dynein arms. AB - A new Chlamydomonas flagellar mutant, pf-28, which swims more slowly than wild type cells, was selected. Thin-section electron microscopy revealed the complete absence of outer-row dynein arms in this mutant, whereas inner-row arms and other axonemal structures appeared normal. SDS PAGE analysis also indicated that polypeptides previously identified as outer-arm dynein components are completely absent in pf-28. The two ATPases retained by this mutant sediment at 17.7S and 12.7S on sucrose gradients that contain 0.6 M KCl. Overall swimming patterns of pf-28 differ little from wild-type except that forward swimming speed is reduced to 35% of the wild-type value, and cells show little or no backward movement during photophobic avoidance. Mutant cells will respond to phototactic stimuli, and their flagella will beat in either the forward or reverse mode. This is the first report of a mutant that lacks dynein arms that can swim. PMID- 3156868 TI - Agents that activate protein kinase C reduce acetylcholine sensitivity in cultured myotubes. AB - We have examined acetylcholine (ACh)-elicited potentials or currents in current- or voltage-clamped cultured myotubes exposed to 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13 acetate (TPA), a potent tumor promoter that activates protein kinase C. Although this agent had little action on either membrane resting potential or electrical resistance, a reversible decrease in ACh sensitivity was induced on 3-4-d-old chick myotubes. Depression of transmitter action by TPA was extended to 7-8-d mouse myotubes only when they were treated with phosphatidylserine. Glyceryl dioleate had effects on myotubes similar to those of TPA but with a reduced efficacy. We conclude that the activation of protein kinase C might be involved with the capacity of ACh receptors to respond to transmitter stimulation. PMID- 3156869 TI - Three classes of signalling molecules on B-cell membranes. AB - The question of whether surface immunoglobulin and Ia molecules have a signalling function in helper T cell-dependent activation of B cells has been evaluated. Two sources of B cells have been used, one a purified population of hapten-binding B cells, the other a B-cell lymphoma, CH12, with known antigen specificity. Evidence is presented that both immunoglobulin and Ia molecules are receptors actively involved in the initial activation of resting B cells. Nevertheless, the requirements for ligand binding to either receptor can be bypassed under appropriate conditions, and the implications of this result for the function of these molecules is discussed. With respect to B-cell Ia, the authors present data that demonstrate two distinct functions of this molecule, one as a restricting element for T-cell activation, the second as a signalling receptor for B-cell excitation. On the CH12 surface, the I-A molecule fulfills the former function, but T-cell interactions with I-A fail to result in B-cell stimulation, suggesting that B-cell Ia may limit helper T cell-B cell interactions. We suggest that the binding of antigen surface immunoglobulin and binding of helper T-cell receptors to the appropriate Ia molecule(s) results in the activation of genes that encode for a third class of membrane B-cell receptors, those that bind B-cell stimulating factors. PMID- 3156870 TI - Kinetic analysis of adrenal 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity during human development. AB - Kinetic analyses of microsomal 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) activity in adrenal glands from 11 individuals, aged 1-60 yr, were carried out to determine whether changes in substrate or cofactor affinity (Km) or cellular content, as reflected in maximal velocity, could explain the changes in adrenal delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid secretion that occur in late childhood and puberty. The Km values for the cofactor NAD+ were similar regardless which substrate, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), pregnenolone, or 17-hydroxypregnenolone (17OH-delta 5P), was used. The Km values for DHA (0.3 microM), pregnenolone (0.4 microM), and 17OH-delta 5P (0.3 microM) were similar and within the intraadrenal concentration ranges for DHA and 17OH-delta 5P previously reported. Each substrate was a competitive inhibitor for the others, with close similarity between affinity and inhibition constants. These observations point to the presence of a single 3 beta HSD, rather than several substrate-specific variants. There was no change in substrate Km with age; the maximal velocity was lower (0.1-0.6 nmol/mg X min) in a single 1-yr-old infant than in later life, but there was no significant change (mean, 2.9-4.6 nmol/mg X min for the three substrates) between values at 12 and 60 yr. This suggests that ACTH-mediated induction of 3 beta-HSD may be low in infancy and higher in adults, while in vivo studies point to a reduction in actual 3 beta-HSD activity during this period. The likely explanation for this paradox between enzyme levels and final activity is that 3 beta-HSD is progressively inhibited during late childhood and puberty by rising intraadrenal concentrations of various delta 4-3-ketosteroids. PMID- 3156871 TI - Evidence for adrenocortical adaptation to severe illness. AB - During serious illness, there are characteristic increases in serum cortisol concentrations and urinary cortisol excretion. In the present studies, we investigated these changes in glucocorticoid metabolism in relation to adrenal androgen metabolism, as measured by RIA of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and DHA sulfate (DHAS). A group of 23 seriously ill men with various disorders, ill for a week or longer, was age-matched to a control group of 25 men, and the following changes were found: 1) basal serum cortisol concentrations were elevated in the ill group (P less than 0.001), 2) basal serum DHA and DHAS concentrations tended to be lower in the ill group (P less than 0.1); 3) basal serum DHA to cortisol and DHAS to cortisol ratios were decreased in the ill group by 80.3% and 77.2%, respectively (P less than 0.001); 4) ACTH-stimulated serum cortisol concentrations increased by the same absolute amount in both groups, whereas the increase in stimulated DHA concentrations in the ill group was 57.2% less (P less than 0.05), indicating a defect in ACTH-stimulated DHA reserve in serious illness; 5) basal daily unconjugated DHA excretion was lower in the ill group (P less than 0.05); (6) basal daily cortisol excretion was higher in the ill group (P less than 0.05); and 7) the basal daily urinary unconjugated DHA to cortisol ratio was 85.4% lower in the ill group (P less than 0.001). Recently, Zipser et al. described the entity of hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism in the seriously ill. Their findings combined with our own indicate a relative shift in the metabolism of adrenal pregnenolone in serious illness away from mineralocorticoids and adrenal androgens and toward glucocorticoids. The cause of this change is unknown. We speculate that this shift of relative biochemical pathway predominance may be a factor necessary for survival during chronic severe stress. PMID- 3156872 TI - Fc epsilon receptors on human cell lines and peripheral blood lymphocytes detected by binding of IgE immune complexes. AB - To identify Fc epsilon receptors on human cell lines and peripheral blood lymphocytes, we developed a new method which relies on the binding of constructed immune complexes to Fc epsilon receptor-positive cells. Cell suspensions from either cell lines or peripheral blood lymphocytes were incubated with complexes of human myeloma IgE and murine monoclonal anti-human IgE at various ratios prior to cytocentrifugation. The complexes bound to the cells were subsequently visualized by immunoperoxidase staining. The specificity of this assay to detect cell surface Fc epsilon receptors was shown by the ability of human myeloma IgE to block the binding of the IgE complexes, resulting in unstained cells, whereas IgM, IgG, and IgA were unable to block the binding of the complexes (stained cells). This method is reproducible, allows quantification of a single sample at different times, and provides a record of the results. It can also be adapted to identify any cell surface receptor for which the ligand is known. PMID- 3156874 TI - Is there increased WAIS pattern variability in Huntington's disease? AB - Josiassen and his colleagues (1982) concluded that persons at-risk for Huntington's Disease show greater variability on the WAIS and lowered subtest intercorrelations. Examination of the reported data and methodological considerations suggest that this conclusion is not warranted. New data are reported which are not consistent with the idea of attenuated WAIS subtest intercorrelations in at-risk subjects. PMID- 3156873 TI - T-cell subsets in multiple sclerosis: lack of correlation between helper and suppressor T cells and the clinical state. AB - Peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets were investigated in a group of 26 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients of different clinical categories and compared to those of 15 normal controls and 7 other patients with known immunoregulatory disorders. In addition 17 well-documented acute relapses in 11 MS patients were also studied, some of whom were tested serially prior to, during, and after the acute attack. Using three different commercial preparations of monoclonal antibodies directed against human T3, T4, and T8 lymphocyte markers, none of the MS patients irrespective of disease category exhibited any changes in the absolute numbers of T-cell subsets or ratios thereof; this was true during either quiescent or active stages of the disease. In contrast, several patients with known immunoregulatory disorders exhibited clear changes in T4/T8 ratios. Factors such as type of patient studied, sampling error, and methods of isolation of mononuclear cells, as well as source of monoclonal antibody, failed to explain the lack of change in T-cell subsets in these patients. Thus, our data fail to confirm the previous reports of a decrease in the absolute numbers of T8 cells or the increase in the T4/T8 ratios in active or quiescent MS patients. These negative findings underscore the need for further studies relating these markers to meaningful functional properties of these cells and their interaction with the relevant target organs. PMID- 3156875 TI - Decreased oxygen radical generation by neutrophils from patients with measles presumably owing to activation of suppressor T lymphocytes. AB - The capacity for the generation of oxygen radicals by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was assessed in 29 patients with measles and in control groups. Patients with secondary bacterial infections showed a significantly decreased generation of oxygen radicals; this abnormality did not persist for more than 2 months after disease onset. Normal PMNs incubated with T lymphocytes from these measles patients generated significantly fewer oxygen radicals than those incubated with T cells from either control group. However, normal PMNs incubated with non-T lymphocytes from these measles patients produced normal oxygen radical levels. In addition, irradiation above 1,500 rads of T lymphocytes abrogated the suppressive effect of T cells on PMNs. On the other hand, these abnormal findings were not observed in patients with measles but without secondary bacterial infections. The secondary bacterial infections sometimes seen in measles patients may result from a decrease in oxygen radical generation, presumably induced by the suppressive activity of the T lymphocytes of the patients. PMID- 3156876 TI - Back pain and vertebral changes simulating Scheuermann's disease. AB - Nineteen adolescent patients who presented with mechanical-type back pain and vertebral changes consisting of intravertebral disc herniation, disc space narrowing, and minimal wedge deformity are described. The symptoms and signs were primarily located at the dorsolumbar junction. A specific strenuous activity or traumatic event was clearly associated with the onset of symptoms in 16 of the 19 patients. Spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis (grade I or II) at L5-S1 was also found in 32% of the patients. Most patients responded well to a program of rest, exercises, salicylates, and temporary avoidance of the particular activity involved. Some required orthoses to obtain relief. No patient had a progressive kyphotic deformity during the follow-up period. The relationship of this condition to increased stresses applied to the immature spine, particularly in a preflexed posture, is emphasized. PMID- 3156877 TI - Partial growth plate closure: apex view on bone scan. AB - A new technique of using 99mTc bone scan to assess partial closure of the growth plate is described. The site and degree of osseous fusion can be obtained by using the apex view. The technique has the potential of assessing serially the growth of a plate before and after surgery. PMID- 3156878 TI - Does aspiration of bones and joints affect results of later bone scanning? AB - To determine the effect, if any, of needle aspiration on 99mTc bone scanning, three different areas of 15 dogs were first aspirated and then imaged with technetium bone scintigraphy. The hip joint was aspirated, the distal femoral metaphysis was drilled and aspirated, and the tibial periosteum was scraped with an 18- or 20-gauge needle. Varying amounts of trauma were inflicted to simulate varying difficulties at aspiration. 99mTc bone scans were obtained from 5 h to 10 days later. There was no evidence of focal technetium uptake after any hip joint aspiration. This was consistent regardless of the amount of trauma inflicted or the time from aspiration to bone scanning. Metaphyseal cortical drilling and tibial periosteal scraping occasionally caused some focal uptake when scanning was delayed greater than 2 days. When osteomyelitis or pyarthrosis is clinically suspected, joint aspiration can be performed without fear of producing a false positive bone scan. PMID- 3156879 TI - Cigarette smoke can activate the alternative pathway of complement in vitro by modifying the third component of complement. AB - Cigarette smoking is associated with significant increases in the number of pulmonary mononuclear phagocytes and neutrophils. A potent chemoattractant for these cells is C5a, a peptide generated during complement (C) activation. We, therefore, investigated the possibility that cigarette smoke could activate the complement system in vitro. Our results show that factor(s) (mol wt less than 1,000) present in an aqueous solution of whole, unfiltered cigarette smoke can deplete the hemolytic capacity of whole human serum in a dose-dependent manner. The particle-free, filtered gas phase of cigarette smoke is inactive. The smoke factor(s) do not activate serum C1, but do deplete serum C4 activity. Treatment of purified human C3 with whole smoke solution modifies the molecule such that its subsequent addition to serum (containing Mg/EGTA to block the classical pathway) results in consumption of hemolytic complement by activation of the alternative pathway. Smoke-modified C3 shows increased anodal migration in agarose electrophoresis, but this is not due to proteolytic cleavage of the molecule as evidenced by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In contrast to methylamine-treated C3, C3 treated with smoke is only partially susceptible to the action of the complement regulatory proteins Factors H and I. In addition, smoke-modified C3 has diminished binding to Factor H as compared with methylamine-treated C3. Finally, smoke-modified C3 incorporates [14C]methylamine which suggests that the thiolester bond may be intact. These data indicate that aqueous whole cigarette smoke solution can modify C3 and activate the alternative pathway of complement, perhaps by a previously unrecognized mechanism. Should this occur in vivo, complement activation might partly account for the extensive pulmonary leukocyte recruitment observed in smokers. PMID- 3156880 TI - Structural heterogeneity of the axonemes of respiratory cilia and sperm flagella in normal men. AB - The ultrastructure of normal human cilia and flagella was examined and quantitatively assessed to determine the normal variations in the structure of the axoneme. Ciliated respiratory epithelial cells and spermatozoa from 10 normal, nonsmoking male volunteers who had normal semen parameters were fixed for electron microscopy. Tannic acid and MgSO4 were included during fixation to enhance, in particular, axonemal components. In 75 axonemal cross sections per sample, the number of outer doublet and central singlet microtubules, outer and inner dynein arms, and radial spokes were recorded. Statistical analysis of the results showed a marked reduction, from the expected value of nine, in the numbers of inner dynein arms (mean +/- SE, cilia, 5.31 +/- 0.13; sperm, 5.38 +/- 0.16) and radial spokes (cilia, 4.95 +/- 0.22; sperm, 5.80 +/- 0.19). The ideal axoneme with all its structural components was seen in only 0.13% of cilia and 0.80% of sperm tails. Significantly more doublet microtubules (P less than 0.05) and less central microtubules (P less than 0.01) and radial spokes (P less than 0.01) were seen in cilia than in sperm tail axonemes. Between subjects there was little variation in the mean number of a structure seen per axoneme. However, within each sample, the variation was considerably higher, particularly for the inner and outer dynein arms and radial spokes. The doublet microtubules had significantly greater standard deviations in the sperm tails compared with the cilia (P less than 0.01), and furthermore, a significantly greater number of sperm tails compared with cilia showed the incorrect number of doublet microtubules (P less than 0.02). In one semen sample, with normal semen analysis, 20% of the sperm tails showed incorrect numbers of doublet microtubules, ranging from 12 + 2 to 5 + 2 compared with only 1.3% in cilia from this subject. This study has demonstrated that the ideal axoneme is rarely seen even in normal samples, probably because of the technical difficulties in resolution and visualization, and stresses the need for thorough documentation of axonemal ultrastructure. This work provides a normal data base for comparison with patients who have chronic respiratory disease and suspected infertility. PMID- 3156881 TI - N-acetyl endorphin in rat spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes. AB - In previous reports modest levels of beta-endorphin have been found by radioimmunoassay in rat testis, and localized by immunofluorescence to the interstitial cells. We have confirmed these previous reports and extended them by showing that the majority of testicular endorphins are acetylated forms, N-acetyl gamma-endorphin, N-acetyl alpha-endorphin, and N-acetyl beta-endorphin1-27. In addition, N-acetylated endorphins are not found in interstitial cells, but are confined to spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes. PMID- 3156883 TI - Chronic ophthalmic Wegener's granulomatosis. AB - A case of Wegener's granulomatosis is reported which manifested episcleritis followed by scleritis, and followed in turn by separate episodes of right and left orbital pseudotumor spanning 15 years prior to respiratory tract disease. The unusually protracted progression of symptoms in this case may be explained on the basis of the histopathological findings. Areas of fibrinoid necrosis of connective tissue occurred alone or alternated with areas of nongranulomatous fibrinoid necrosis of blood vessel walls. Granulomatours vasculitis was not observed. This histopathological picture is pathognomic of early cases of Wegener's granulomatosis which run especially protracted courses. PMID- 3156884 TI - Cryptic disseminated tuberculosis presenting as gaze palsy. AB - We present a case of gaze palsy caused by a pontine tuberculoma associated with cryptic disseminated tuberculosis. The only symptoms in this patient were those caused by her gaze abnormality despite the presence of disseminated tuberculosis that was later confirmed at autopsy. PMID- 3156882 TI - A monoclonal antibody to human platelet glycoprotein IIIa detects a related protein in cultured human endothelial cells. AB - We have previously described a series of monoclonal antibodies against platelet membrane glycoproteins. Two of the antibodies, B59.2 and B2.12, recognize the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex. These two antibodies react specifically with glycoprotein (GP) IIIa, as shown by immunoblotting of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels of solubilized platelet membranes. Monoclonal B2.12, but not B59.2, binds to cultured human endothelial cells obtained from umbilical vein, internal iliac artery, and inferior vena cava. At saturation approximately 100,000 binding sites were detected per human umbilical vein endothelial cell. When solubilized radioiodinated cells were chromatographed on a column of agarose bound B2.12, a single radiolabeled protein was obtained whose apparent molecular weight is slightly larger than that of platelet GP IIIa. This protein incorporated [35S]methionine when endothelial cells were labeled metabolically. These results demonstrate that human endothelial cell membranes synthesize a protein immunologically related to platelet GP IIIa. PMID- 3156886 TI - Tuberculosis granuloma in the midbrain causing wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (Webino). AB - A 24-year-old female developed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia with exotropia and loss of convergence, in association with a tuberculous granuloma situated in the midline midbrain at the level of the third ventricle. We labeled this case Webino (after Martin Lubow), and to our knowledge, this is the first reported case occurring in association with an intraparenchymal tuberculous granuloma. PMID- 3156885 TI - Developmental anomalies of the optic disc and carotid circulation. A new association. AB - Three patients with developmental abnormalities of the optic disc (two morning glory anomalies and one retinochoroidal-optic disc coloboma) had angiographically documented aberrancies of the carotid circulation including large trunk occlusions, moya-moya-like collaterals, dolichoectasia, and absent ophthalmic artery. Although developmental optic disc abnormalities have been linked with other problems such as basal encephalocele, congenital heart defects, and eyelid hemangiomas, these three patients are the first to our knowledge to have related malformations of the intracranial circulation. We suggest, therefore, that the presence of a congenital optic disc anomaly may herald a similar defect in the cerebral circulation. PMID- 3156887 TI - Reversible optic neuropathy due to carotid-cavernous fistula. AB - Optic nerve dysfunction occurred several weeks after traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula developed in a 21-year-old man. Vision was completely restored after the fistula was closed with an intra-arterial detachable balloon. By carefully monitoring visual function in patients with traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas, delayed optic neuropathy can be recognized and treated successfully. PMID- 3156889 TI - Juxtapapillary subretinal hemorrhages in pseudotumor cerebri. AB - We report two cases of pseudotumor cerebri with subretinal hemorrhages. Bilateral juxtapapillary subretinal neovascular membranes were present in one. A unilateral hemorrhage occurred adjacent to a small anomalous optic disc in the other. Subretinal hemorrhages in papilledema may occur from juxtapapillary subretinal neovascular membranes that evolve rapidly and then involute. The relationship of the appearance and subsequent evolution of such juxtapapillary subretinal neovascular membranes to the course of the intracranial pressure is discussed. Occurrence in one eye may presage occurrence in the other eye, making control of intracranial pressure important once one eye is afflicted. Fortunately, severe permanent visual loss remains unreported. Some anomalous small optic discs may be particularly at risk for subretinal hemorrhage from papilledema because preexisting axonal crowding is aggravated by the swelling of the optic nerve from elevated intracranial pressure. Conditions related to the Valsalva maneuver that chronically or intermittently elevate intracranial pressure further and produce elevated cephalic venous pressure should be avoided. PMID- 3156890 TI - Whence pseudotumor cerebri? PMID- 3156891 TI - Bilateral trochlear nerve palsies. A clinicoanatomic correlate. AB - A patient with bilateral trochlear nerve palsies is presented. Computed tomographic (CT) brain scan localized an anterior cerebellar vermis lesion compressing the area caudal to the inferior colliculi where the fourth nerves decussate and exit the dorsal brain stem. This lesion was probably responsible for the bilateral trochlear nerve dysfunction. Pertinent anatomy and pathologic involvement are discussed. PMID- 3156888 TI - Vertical ocular motility disturbance in pseudotumor cerebri. AB - Three patients with pseudotumor cerebri developed transient vertical ocular motor abnormalities. All had associated sixth nerve palsies and two had significant abnormalities of visual acuity and fields. Effective treatment of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) resulted in resolution of the motility disturbance in all cases. This unusual oculomotor feature of elevated ICP may be due to skew deviation or fourth nerve palsy, but in either instance it is not a localizing sign. PMID- 3156892 TI - Unusual CT findings in progressive supranuclear palsy. Case report. AB - We report a patient affected by progressive supranuclear palsy who also presented with bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia. The computed tomographic (CT) scan showed the previously described radiological picture characteristic of the syndrome and two additional unusual findings. The significance of these findings is discussed and the importance of the CT scan in the diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy is emphasized. PMID- 3156893 TI - Homonymous hemianopia and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The case of a 23-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus and homonymous hemianopia is presented. A calcarine cortical infarct occurred as a result of a postpartal exacerbation of her disease and was demonstrated by CT scanning of the brain. The neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of SLE are reviewed briefly. The authors propose to include collagen vascular disease in the differential diagnosis of homonymous hemianopia in the young age group. PMID- 3156894 TI - Muslin optic neuropathy. PMID- 3156895 TI - Optic atrophy following jejunoileal bypass. AB - A 38-year-old woman presented with a bilateral, chronic, progressive optic neuropathy following jejunoileal bypass surgery for morbid obesity. Standardized A-scan orbital echography revealed grossly swollen optic nerve sheaths with a positive 30 degrees test, indicating increased subarachnoid fluid. Review of reported complications of jejunoileal bypass surgery revealed no similar case of what might be termed the "optic nerve ascites syndrome." PMID- 3156896 TI - Effects of atherosclerotic lesions on ultrasonic beam and CW Doppler signals. AB - Doppler ultrasound has been shown to be a useful clinical tool in the noninvasive detection of vascular stenoses, occlusion, or plaques. The presence of atherosclerotic lesions in blood vessel walls can distort the Doppler ultrasonic signal, producing inverted or biphasic tracings. This observation, in fact, has been used frequently as a criterion for the diagnosis of plaque formation and calcification of these lesions. To define the source of this distortion, we have examined the effects of various types of atherosclerotic lesions on the transmitted ultrasonic beam generated by a continuous wave (CW) Doppler ultrasonic probe. These results are compared to the Doppler flow tracings obtained by a CW ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter from blood vessels with overlaying lesions in a mock flow system. It is concluded that severe distortion in the form of beam refraction or diffraction can be produced by calcified lesions, resulting in biphasic or inverted flow signals. PMID- 3156897 TI - Laparoscopic sonography: a new approach to intraabdominal disease. PMID- 3156898 TI - Ultrasonic detection of an intraabdominal foreign body. PMID- 3156899 TI - Photosensitivity studies and isotretinoin therapy. PMID- 3156900 TI - The Wells report. A study of the American Society of Dentistry for Children. Final report containing findings, conclusions and recommendations. November 1984. PMID- 3156903 TI - Possible use of the Radovan tissue expander in hair replacement surgery. AB - Inelastic scalps in patients with male pattern baldness tax the ingenuity of the dermatologic surgeon in executing a satisfactory donor site closure without tension and subsequent wound dehiscence. The Radovan tissue expander permits the scalp to stretch slowly and facilitates the reconstruction of large scalp defects. Two cases are presented, illustrating this technique and its complications of pressure necrosis and expander extrusion. It is believed that this represents a significant advance in the field of hair replacement surgery. PMID- 3156902 TI - Acne, retinoids, and dermabrasion. AB - A group of nine patients with severe nodulocystic acne vulgaris were treated with oral 13-cis-retinoic acid and their acne cleared. During or after retinoid therapy, all patients underwent full-face dermabrasion. Postoperative healing was normal, and no significant complications were seen. PMID- 3156901 TI - Assessment of the autistic patient's dental needs and ability to undergo dental examination. AB - A successful clinical examination was achieved on the first attempt for 50 percent of the autistic patients. In general, autistic patients had a lower hygiene level than those in the control group, but a comparable caries index. Behavior management techniques included positive reinforcement; tell, show and do; and negative reinforcement. PMID- 3156905 TI - The effect of frequency change on discrimination of pulse bursts in an electrocutaneous tactual vocoder. AB - Tactual vocoders (artificial hearing systems) transduce the acoustic energy of speech into patterns of stimulation that are presented to the skin. In an electrocutaneous tactual vocoder, energy within an acoustic-frequency band is generally represented at a particular skin locus by the rate or frequency of brief electrical pulse bursts. At present little is known about tactual sensitivity for changes in the frequency of brief, bipolar electrical pulses used in several current electrocutaneous vocoder designs. Accordingly, discrimination of frequency change of electrocutaneous bipolar signals was evaluated for standard frequencies of 48, 100, 148, 200, and 248 Hz at signal durations of 50, 100, and 250 ms. Bipolar pulses (height = 10 mA, width = 13 microseconds) were presented on a single electrode placed slightly above and 8 cm to either the left or right of the navel. In a same-different task, three practiced subjects judged pairs of stimuli separated by an interstimulus interval (ISI) of 300 ms. For standard frequencies of 48 and 100 Hz, psychometric functions were similar for all subjects and all signal durations. For these frequencies, delta f/f was constant at approximately 0.3. By contrast, for standard stimuli greater than 100 Hz, the Weber fraction was found to increase dramatically as a function of both standard frequency and signal duration. In a second, similar experiment the Weber fraction for a 248-Hz standard increased as ISI was decreased below 300 ms. By contrast, ISI had little effect on sensitivity for standard stimuli of 48 and 100 Hz. Overall, these results suggest guidelines for possible intensity coding schemes for future electrocutaneous vocoder designs. PMID- 3156904 TI - [Effect of lipid peroxidation on the SH-group function of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes]. PMID- 3156906 TI - Ipsilateral versus bilateral placement of a tactile vocoder display. AB - A tactile vocoder was evaluated in a word recognition task. The vocoder consisted of a pair of two-dimensional vibrotactile arrays on which subjects placed their fingers. For one group of subjects, the two arrays contacted two fingers on the same hand (ipsilateral condition); for the second group, the arrays contacted two fingers on opposite hands (bilateral condition). Performance was better in the bilateral condition; however, the rate at which words were acquired, even in the bilateral condition, was less than that reported by Brooks and Frost [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 74, 34-39 (1983)] with a tactile vocoder placed on the arm. PMID- 3156907 TI - Self-reported diurnal mood changes, early morning awakening and the dexamethasone suppression test in endogenous depression. AB - Several authors have suggested that Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) non suppression is related to circadian alternations of hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal function. Two clinical manifestations of altered circadian rhythms in depressed patients are early morning awakening and diurnal variation in mood. To observe whether these clinical symptom patterns were associated with an increased frequency of abnormal DSTs, we examined post-DST plasma cortisol concentrations and matched clinical ratings of early morning awakening and diurnal variation in mood in 49 patients with major depressive disorder, endogenous subtype. We found no significant association between these clinical and laboratory variables. PMID- 3156908 TI - Bipolar II. Combine or keep separate? AB - Data on prior course, characteristics of index episode, and familial aggregation of patients with bipolar II disorder is discussed. The data supports the separation of this condition from both bipolar I and recurrent unipolar disorder. PMID- 3156909 TI - A controlled study of a specific MAO A reversible inhibitor (R011-1163) and amitriptyline in depressive illness. AB - A double blind comparative study of amitriptyline and a new reversible MAO A inhibitor R011-1163 was conducted in 25 depressed inpatients over 4 weeks. Response to treatment was assessed with the Hamilton depression rating scale, the Carroll depression self rating scale and the Visual analogue scale. Both drugs produced significant changes in depressive symptomatology (P less than 0.01, MANOVA) and there were no statistically significant differences between drugs (P greater than 0.05 MANOVA). Side effects were of mild to moderate severity with dry mouth the most commonly reported side effect of amitriptyline and vague, generalised headache in patients, treated with R011-1163. PMID- 3156910 TI - Four definitions of endogenous depression and the dexamethasone suppression test. AB - We examined the relationship between the DST and 4 definitions of endogenous depression: DSM-III, Feinberg and Carroll, Newcastle and RDC. Endogenous patients had a significantly higher rate of nonsuppression than nonendogenous patients according to the DSM-III and Newcastle definitions but not according to the RDC and Feinberg and Carroll criteria. Moreover, the relationship between the DST and the DSM-III and Newcastle definitions was significant even after individually controlling for age, psychosis and weight loss. We review the literature on the relationship between the DST and the RDC definition of endogenous depression and suggest that interstudy differences in criteria application may be partially responsible for the inconsistent results across studies. PMID- 3156911 TI - Cost-benefit analysis of prospective pharmacokinetic dosing of nortriptyline in depressed inpatients. AB - A retrospective chart review was conducted on depressed inpatients to determine the economic impact of prospective pharmacokinetic dosing vs. empirical dosing of tricyclic antidepressants. The benefit/cost ratio of 2.5 indicated that the benefits of prospective dosing more than doubled the cost. The prospectively dose patients were discharged significantly earlier, i.e. 6.1 days than the empirically dosed patients and they also returned to work significantly earlier, i.e. 55.4 days than the control group. PMID- 3156914 TI - Psychosocial predictors of outcome in subjects with untreated depressive disorder. AB - Untreated community volunteers (n = 66) with a significant reactive or neurotic depressive disorder were assessed at interview to determine predictors of improvement at 6 and at 20 weeks. The degree to which subjects improved by 6 weeks could be predicted by their pattern of improvement one week after initial interview and more definitely at the third week. Key baseline predictors of improvement both at 6 and at 20 week were the break-up of an intimate relationship in the preceding 12 months and weight loss, replicating findings in a study of depressive patients receiving psychiatric assessment and psychotherapy. Other isolated variables appeared to be predictors more of response to the non-specific therapeutic effects of the assessment process. PMID- 3156913 TI - Apparent supersensitivity of platelet 5-HT receptors in lithium-treated patients. AB - An increased 5-HT-induced platelet aggregatory response was seen in bipolar and unipolar patients who were being treated with lithium prophylactically. The responses were not related to the patients' lithium levels or affective morbidity. The results are discussed with reference to the action of antidepressive treatments on 5-HT receptor systems in the platelet and the CNS. PMID- 3156912 TI - Sleep of atypical depressives. AB - Patients who met provincial criteria for atypical depression were contrasted with a group of patients who met RDC criteria for endogenous depression and a group of normal controls on a standard series of sleep variables. Atypical depressives were differentiated from normal controls by a shortened REMP latency. They did not, however, appear to have the sleep continuity disturbance exhibited by endogenous depressives. This preliminary work suggests that atypical depressives may have a unique pattern of sleep variables consisting of REM abnormalities without continuity disturbance. If this pattern is observed in additional studies, it would add to the validity of considering atypical depression a subtype of unipolar depressive illness. PMID- 3156915 TI - The dexamethasone suppression test and depressive signs in dementia. AB - The non-suppression by dexamethasone of endogenous cortisol production has been held to be a specific and sensitive indicator of biological depression. Non suppression has, however, been reported in a proportion of patients with severe dementia. In the present study failure of suppression was found in 10 out of 20 demented patients. The non-suppressors scored significantly higher on a scale of signs of depression. Following antidepressant treatment, 3 out of 8 non suppressors reverted to normal suppression, but this was not associated with clinical improvements. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3156916 TI - Difficulty of follow-up and posttreatment functioning among depressed patients. AB - Evaluations of treatment outcome may obtain positively biased findings by failing to reassess patients who are difficult to follow and who may also be functioning more poorly than those who are successfully followed. We consider whether difficulty of follow-up is related to pre- and posttreatment functioning by reassessing 95% of a sample of 424 depressed patients after a 12-month interval. In contrast to earlier findings with other patient populations (e.g., alcoholic patients), there was no strong or consistent tendency for depressed patients who were more difficult to follow to be functioning more poorly after treatment. Moreover, poor functioning at treatment intake was not predictive of later difficulty of follow-up. However, patients who were younger, single, and of lower occupational level were somewhat more difficult to follow. PMID- 3156917 TI - The dexamethasone suppression test in depression. AB - The Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) was performed in 91 patients (depressive, manic and schizophrenic) and 11 healthy control persons. It was found that more endogenously depressed patients than non-endogenously depressed patients showed abnormal test results. The results were markedly influenced by the time of blood sampling, the diagnostic criteria and the plasma cortisol concentration threshold. PMID- 3156918 TI - Dental care for the patient with Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3156919 TI - Subclass specificity of Fc gamma receptor-mediated inhibition of mouse B cell activation. AB - We have shown previously that cross-linking receptors for the Fc of IgG (Fc gamma R) to membrane Ig will inhibit membrane Ig-dependent mouse B cell activation. In this report we have determined which mouse IgG subclasses will mediate this inhibition by using monoclonal mouse anti-p-azophenylarsonate (anti-ars) antibodies to inhibit B cell activation by arsanilated rabbit Fab'2 anti-mouse IgM (arsFab'2 anti-mu). Cell recovery and Ig secretion after 4 days of culture with soluble helper factors and arsFab'2 anti-mu was inhibited by IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2a anti-ars, but not IgM or Fab'2 anti-ars. In addition, we determined which of the inhibitory IgG subclasses are blocked by the monoclonal anti-mouse Fc gamma R antibody 2.4G2, which we have previously shown prevents inhibition by rabbit IgG anti-mu. These experiments demonstrated that 2.4G2 Fab could block inhibition mediated by IgG2a as well as that mediated by IgG1 and IgG2b. Because it has been reported that 2.4G2 does not bind the IgG2a receptor on macrophages, these data support our previous experiments, which indicated that this inhibition is not macrophage dependent. PMID- 3156920 TI - Regulation of transplantation immunity in vivo by monoclonal antibodies recognizing host class II restriction elements. II. Effects of anti-Ia immunotherapy on host T cell responses to graft alloantigens. AB - Results of the preceding report demonstrated that in vivo treatment with monoclonal anti-I-A antibodies provided an effective means of prolonging the survival of murine tail skin allografts. The mechanism of antibody action was shown to include the activation of alloantigen-specific suppressor T cells (Ts), although the relationship between Ts expression and graft survival was not determined. This issue was addressed in the current studies through a kinetic analysis of suppressor and effector T cell responses in control and treated allograft recipients. Donor-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses were detectable in untreated A/J recipients of B10.A allografts 8 days after transplantation, rising to near maximum levels by day 12. Rejection in these animals occurred by day 11. In contrast, the predominant cellular response of anti-I-A treated animals for 12 days after transplantation was that of transferable suppression, DTH and CTL reactivity not being evident until day 15, coincident with the decay of Ts activity. Rejection in these animals was observed approximately 19 days post transplant. CTL responsiveness in the latter group could not be reconstituted by the addition of antigen-presenting cells to the secondary in vitro culture system, nor was the CTL deficit due to antibody carry-over. It is considered that the altered expression of effector cell responses to graft alloantigens is due at least in part to the in vivo inhibition of helper T cell activity by anti-I-A induced Ts, and that rejection in the treated host results from an eventual decline in the functional expression of this regulatory T cell subset. PMID- 3156921 TI - Immune responses in vitro. XIII. MLR detectability of Mlsa-, Mlsb-, Mlsc-, and Mlsd-encoded products. AB - The Mls locus was originally defined to have four alleles; all controlled products that were detectable in MLR except b, which was described as being null. More recent evidence led other investigators to postulate that the Mls locus is nonpolymorphic, being composed of only the b null allele and a singly expressed allele previously ascribed to be the a and d alleles. Our results indicate that Mlsa and Mlsd control products that are antigenically distinct and, therefore, the products cannot be controlled by the same allele. In addition, the product of Mlsb was easily detectable by Mlsa and Mlsd responding cells and cannot be considered null. Alternative explanations are considered for these conflicting results. PMID- 3156922 TI - Human lymphocyte differentiation antigens HB-10 and HB-11. I. Ontogeny of antigen expression. AB - T, B, and NK cells appear to represent separate lymphocyte lineages, but indirect evidence suggests that they may be related via a common lymphoid precursor cell. We have produced two monoclonal antibodies, HB-10 (IgM) and HB-11 (IgG1), by fusing spleen cells from mice immunized with the human B cell line SB, and have shown that both antibodies react with lymphocyte-specific cell surface antigens present on T, B, and NK cells, but not on other types of blood cells. The antibodies were reactive with most cell lines and malignancies of B cell origin and with some of T and NK cell lineage. Although the populations of cells expressing these two antigens were virtually identical, the HB-10 and HB-11 antibodies identified separate protease-sensitive determinants on the cell surface. The HB-11 antigenic determinant was also sensitive to neuraminidase and periodate treatments, but the HB-10 determinant was not. Antigen expression by lymphocytes from fetal, newborn, and adult tissues was examined. Within the B cell lineage, these antigens were expressed by most pre-B cells in bone marrow (88% +/- 5) and almost all B cells, but were not expressed by mature plasma cells. Virtually all of the granular lymphocytes in blood marked by the Leu-7 and Leu-11 (anti-Fc receptor) antibodies were HB-10+ and 11+. Among T lineage cells, the HB-10 and 11 antigens were expressed by a subset of relatively mature T3+ thymocytes and by greater than 90% of the T cells in newborn blood. In adults, however, only 65% of blood T cells and 24 to 30% of splenic or tonsillar T cells expressed the HB-10 and HB-11 antigens. The postnatal emergence of T cells which, like plasma cells, do not express these antigens suggests that post-thymic T lymphocyte maturation occurs and may be an activation-dependent process. PMID- 3156923 TI - Human lymphocyte differentiation antigens HB-10 and HB-11. II. Differential production of B cell growth and differentiation factors by distinct helper T cell subpopulations. AB - Two monoclonal antibodies (HB-10 and HB-11), which react with human T, B, and NK cells, identify approximately 50% of the Leu-3+ T helper (TH) cells in adult blood. In the present studies, the functional capabilities of the HB-11+ and HB 11-TH cell subpopulations were examined after purification by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Both subpopulations proliferated in response to PHA, Con A, PWM, and OKT-3 antibodies. The HB-11+ TH cells gave a minimal proliferative response to soluble tetanus toxoid antigen, whereas HB-11-TH cells responded well. After mitogen activation, both HB-11+ and HB-11-TH cells and to produce soluble factors which induce large B cells to proliferate. However, PWM stimulated HB-11+TH cells were incapable of inducing B cells to differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells, whereas HB-11-TH cells were efficient in this regard. The results suggest that the HB-11 antigen is expressed on a subpopulation of virgin TH cells that can produce B cell growth factors but are deficient in the ability to produce B cell differentiation factors. PMID- 3156925 TI - Cytophilic IgE on human blood and tissue eosinophils: detection by flow microfluorometry. AB - Flow microfluorometry (FMF) was used to investigate the presence of cytophilic Ig (IgE or IgG) and the proportion of Fc receptor (Fc epsilon R or Fc gamma R) bearing eosinophils among eosinophils from 21 hypereosinophilic patients. In a large majority of the cases, it was possible to detect cytophilic IgE significantly associated with serum IgE levels. Moreover, when lung and blood eosinophils were compared, the proportion of occupied Fc epsilon R was significantly increased on lung eosinophils, whereas very few cells had cytophilic IgG. This work provides further evidence that cytophilic IgE is not restricted to cells with high affinity Fc epsilon R, but can also be detected on the cell populations with low affinity IgE receptors. These findings support the view that eosinophils can act as effector cells in immediate hypersensitivity reactions and in diseases associated with increased IgE production and hypereosinophilia. PMID- 3156926 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 suppresses human T helper/inducer lymphocyte activity in vitro. AB - The active form of vitamin D3, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2-D3), suppresses in vitro immunoglobulin (Ig) production by activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from normal human subjects by inhibiting T helper/inducer TH cell activity. Normal PBM were fractionated into B, TH and T suppressor/cytotoxic (Ts) cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting techniques. The resultant subsets were activated with mitogens and were cultured in the presence or absence of a receptor-saturating concentration of 1,25-(OH)2 D3. The sterol reduced [3H]thymidine incorporation in TH cells by 56%, with no effect on Ts or B cells. When 1,25-(OH)2-D3-treated TH cells were co-cultured with untreated B cells and culture supernatants assayed for Ig production, 1,25 (OH)2-D3 abrogated the inducing effect of TH cells on Ig synthesis by B cells. There was no inhibitory effect of the sterol on Ts or B cell activity. In addition, 1,25-(OH)2-D3 produced a dramatic inhibition of interleukin 2 (IL 2) production by activated PBM, but did not inhibit IL 2 receptor generation by these cells. Other vitamin D metabolites tested did not produce this effect. These results suggest that the TH lymphocyte is the specific cellular target for the immunoinhibitory effects of 1,25-(OH)2-D3. PMID- 3156924 TI - Functional characterization of human T lymphocyte subsets distinguished by monoclonal anti-leu-8. AB - Previous studies have shown that monoclonal anti-Leu-8 antibody identifies functionally distinct subpopulations within both the Leu-2 (T8+) and Leu-3 (T4+) lineages of human T lymphocytes. We now report in detail on the tissue distribution of the Leu-8 antigen and on extensive functional studies of T cells subsets distinguished by their expression or lack of expression of this marker. Leu-8 is present on a wide variety of hematologic cells, including granulocytes, T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, and null or NK cells. Within lymph nodes and tonsils, Leu-8 is absent from both B and T cells within germinal centers but is present on nearly all paracortical lymphocytes. Leu-8 is present on most but not all EBV-transformed B cell lines, reflecting its presence on a subset of normal peripheral blood B cells. None of six malignant T cell lines tested were Leu-8+, whereas most circulating T cells are Leu-8+. Although standard immunoprecipitation techniques failed to demonstrate any specific bands on SDS polyacrylamide gels, the antigenic determinant recognized by anti-Leu-8 is protein or protein-associated, because brief treatment of target cells with pronase abrogated binding of anti-Leu-8. Both Leu-3+8+ and Leu-3+8- cells proliferated in response to several soluble antigens and to autologous and allogeneic non-T cells. Nonetheless, nearly all of the helper T cells for PWM- and AMLR-induced PFC were contained within the Leu3+8- subset. Optimal suppression of the PWM-induced PFC response required both Leu-2+8+ and Leu-2+8- cells, and irradiation of either subset with 3000 R abrogated the capacity of the recombined subsets to effect suppression. In contrast to help for B cell differentiation, both Leu-3+8+ and Leu-3+8- cells were capable of amplifying the development of allospecific T killer cells; precursor and effector T killer cells could be found within both Leu-2+8+ and Leu-2+8- subpopulations. The correlation between Leu-8 phenotype and selected immune functions of T cells (and B cells; see companion paper) indicates that anti-Leu-8 distinguishes important immunoregulatory T and B lymphocyte subsets in man. PMID- 3156927 TI - Lymphocyte function in human bone marrow. I. Characterization of two T cell populations regulating immunoglobulin secretion. AB - We analyzed the regulation of immunoglobulin (Ig) production in short-term cultures of human (rib) bone marrow cells. In contrast to blood or tonsil cell cultures, large quantities of IgG and IgA, but not IgM, were secreted by unstimulated marrow cells. The addition of pokeweed mitogen or phytohemagglutinin resulted in the suppression of this Ig secretion. Both mitogens induced the production of high levels of interleukin 2 (IL 2) in marrow cultures, and the addition of IL 2 alone mimicked the suppressive effect of mitogens. Incubation of marrow cells with Epstein Barr virus resulted in enhanced Ig secretion, primarily of the IgM isotype. The addition of mitogen or IL 2 suppressed Ig production in these cultures as well. The mitogen-induced suppression of Ig secretion in stimulated or unstimulated marrow cultures was inhibited by the monoclonal anti TAC (IL 2 receptor) antibody. Cell separation experiments indicated that the induction of suppressor activity in marrow cultures involved two distinct populations of marrow-resident T lineage cells. The first population responds to activation by mitogens with the production of IL 2. This population has a surface phenotype appropriate for helper T cells. The second T cell population expresses T8 and TAC determinants. These cells acquire suppressor cell activity after exposure to IL 2. The expression of suppressor function does not require additional (e.g., mitogenic) activation signals. The IL 2-dependent marrow suppressor T cells represent a newly recognized T lymphocyte subset. The regulatory pathway delineated may be important for the regulation of antibody formation in bone marrow, the major site of Ig production in man. PMID- 3156928 TI - Immunologic studies with LFA-1- and Mo1-deficient lymphocytes from a patient with recurrent bacterial infections. AB - A patient and his parents, deficient for lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and Mo1 (OKM1), were studied with respect to leukocyte surface marker expression and functional properties. The patient had a history of severe recurrent bacterial infections. Two siblings had already died of bacterial infections. The patient's granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes expressed low but detectable amounts (less than or equal to 10%) of LFA-1 and Mo1. Intracellularly, LFA-1 and Mo1 (OKM1) were detectable and LFA-1 expression was enhanced on patient T cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. Granulocytes and monocytes of both the patient's parents expressed markedly decreased amounts of LFA-1 and Mo1. Lymphocytes of the mother expressed 40 to 60% of the amount of LFA 1 expressed on control lymphocytes, but his father's lymphocytes showed a normal LFA-1 expression. Granulocytes of the patient and of his deceased sister showed normal phagocytosis, but they had a dysfunction in the activation of the oxidative metabolism. Functional activities mediated by patient T cells were all normal. Moreover, all lymphocyte functions, including killer (K), natural killer (NK), cytotoxic T cell activity, helper activity for in vitro immunoglobulin (Ig) production by normal B cells, and PHA-induced proliferation were inhibitable by anti-LFA-1 monoclonal antibodies. K and NK activity mediated by patient leukocytes was 100-fold more sensitive to the inhibiting effect of anti-LFA-1 antibody than K and NK activity of normal donor leukocytes. Thus, although the amount of LFA-1 expressed was strongly reduced, it was still sufficient and required for the functional activity exhibited by patient T cells. The major functional defect observed with leukocytes of the patient and his father was an apparent B cell defect. B cells of the father and of the patient failed to produce Ig in the pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-driven system. The B cells of patient and of his father only produced Ig when cultured with T cells of the father, and not with normal donor T cells or T cells of the mother, in the presence of exogenous interleukin 2 (IL 2). In addition, the father's B cells produced Ig when cocultivated with patient T cells in the IL 2-driven system. This restriction of helper T cell activity is noteworthy because PWM- and IL 2-driven Ig synthesis by normal lymphocytes show no histocompatibility requirements between cooperating T and non-T cell populations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3156929 TI - Mechanism of action of a suppressor-activating factor (SAF) produced by a human T cell line. AB - We previously described a potent suppressor-activating factor (SAF) produced constitutively by a 6-thioguanine-resistant mutant of the human T cell line CEM. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of action of SAF. After a brief (4- to 18-hr) exposure to SAF at 37 degrees C, T lymphocytes (either unseparated, or purified OKT4+ and OKT8+ subpopulations), but not B lymphocytes, suppressed allogeneic and syngeneic T cells in co-culture experiments, apparently via the release of a suppressor activity. The total T cell-released suppressor activity (TRSA) accumulated after 3 days culture post-treatment was about 100- to 500-fold higher than the original suppressor activity (SAF) added to trigger the release. Arresting protein or DNA synthesis, or even killing the cells did not affect the release of TRSA by T lymphocytes, but lowering the incubation temperature to 4 degrees C reduced it drastically. Pre-treatment of T lymphocytes with the metabolic inhibitor, sodium azide, or the adenylate cyclase stimulator, prostaglandin E2, or the addition of exogenous dibutyryl cAMP, all suppressed the release of TRSA. The presence of monoclonal antibody OKT3, but not OKT4 or OKT8, enhanced the release of TRSA. The presence of OKT11 blocked the release of SAF. The functional characteristics of TRSA appeared to be identical to those of SAF. However, unlike SAF, interaction of T lymphocytes with TRSA triggered only marginal enhancement of suppressor activity. In addition, the kinetics of the suppression mediated by SAF showed a much larger increment as a function of time than that mediated by TRSA. Taken together, the data suggest that SAF might represent an activated form of SAF, and that the continuous activation of SAF by lymphocytes in culture may account for its high potency in suppressing T cell proliferation in vitro. PMID- 3156930 TI - Xenopus MHC class II molecules. I. Identification and structural characterization. AB - Class II antigens from the Xenopus laevis MHC (f haplotype) were identified by using a rabbit antihuman class II beta-chain serum (anti-p29boost). This xenoantiserum inhibits bidirectional Xenopus MLR (but not PHA-stimulation), recognizes the same molecules as certain MHC-linked Xenopus alloantisera, and immunoprecipitates class II molecules from Xenopus cells consistent with the tissue distribution of mammalian class II molecules. The Xenopus class II molecules are composed of two different chains, both of which are 30 to 35kD transmembrane glycoproteins. The alpha-chains have some N-terminal sequence homology with mammalian class II alpha-chains (both I-E/DR and I-A/DC); the beta chains are directly recognized by anti-p29boost and have a markedly increased SDS gel mobility under nonreducing conditions. During biosynthesis, they are noncovalently associated with a number of other chains, including ones at 25kD, 33kD, and 40 to 45kD. The alpha-chains bear three N-linked glycans (two Endo H insensitive in mature material) and the beta-chains bear two (one Endo H insensitive). Unlike most mammalian class II molecules, the deglycosylated beta chains are significantly larger and more acidic than the alpha-chains. PMID- 3156931 TI - Characterization of a soluble form of the C3b/C4b receptor (CR1) in human plasma. AB - A radioimmunoassay with the use of soluble 125I-Fab monoclonal anti-CR1 and rabbit IgG anti-CR1 bound to Staphylococcus aureus particles was employed to detect and quantitate CR1 antigen in human plasma. Among 16 normal individuals the concentration of soluble CR1 in plasma ranged from 13 to 81 ng/ml, and a similar range of concentration was found in plasma from 15 patients having systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The amount of plasma CR1 in normal donors, but not in SLE patients, significantly correlated with the number of CR1 sites on erythrocytes (r = 0.90, p less than 0.001), and was 7.1% of the amount of receptor that was present on erythrocytes in blood. The concentration of soluble CR1 was not diminished by ultracentrifugation or ultrafiltration of plasma, was not affected by various modes of anti-coagulation or even by clotting of blood, and did not change during incubation of blood at 4 degrees C for up to 4 hr. On sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation of plasma the CR1 was distributed as a broad peak that overlapped the plasma protein profile. The Mr of plasma CR1 was identical to that of erythrocyte CR1 when assessed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and immunoblotting. In addition, the plasma form of CR1 exhibited the same structural phenotype as did receptor from erythrocytes of the same individual. CR1 antigen purified from plasma was as active as CR1 from erythrocytes in promoting the cleavage by factor I of C3b to iC3b, C3c, and C3dg. Therefore, a functionally and structurally intact form of soluble CR1 resides in plasma. PMID- 3156932 TI - Biochemical analysis and subcellular localization of a neutrophil-specific antigen, PMN-7, involved in the respiratory burst. AB - The adherence of serum-opsonized yeast to neutrophils results in phagocytosis of these particulate stimuli and activation of the respiratory burst. Both events are mediated or modulated in part by the surface receptors for IgG and complement. The link between the binding of complex particulate stimuli to the cell surface, and the triggering of these neutrophil functions, is not completely understood. We have previously described an anti-human neutrophil, murine monoclonal antibody PMN7C3, which specifically inhibits the respiratory burst of neutrophils stimulated with serum-opsonized yeast. In the present study, we show that the antigen recognized by PMN7C3 (PMN7 antigen) is present on a number of neutrophil proteins, including the recently described group of related leukocyte membrane glycoproteins CR3, LFA-1, and p150,95. The PMN-7 antigen differs from other antigens associated with the C3bi receptor complex (MAC 1, MO 1, OKM1, OKM10) in that it is present only on neutrophils among peripheral blood cells. Furthermore, the binding of PMN7C3 to the neutrophil surface inhibits the activation of the respiratory burst by serum opsonized zymosan without affecting phagocytosis of these particulate stimuli. The cross-linking of cell surface PMN7 antigen by multivalent antibody is associated with the capping and internalization of antigen-antibody complexes, and appears to be necessary for the expression of maximum inhibition of opsonized zymosan-triggered respiratory burst activity. PMN7C3 also binds to a group of granule-associated proteins biochemically distinct from CR3, LFA-1, and p150,95. These granule-associated proteins containing PMN7 antigen can be mobilized to the cell surface with secretion. PMN7 antigen-bearing proteins may play a role in modulating the activation of the respiratory burst associated with phagocytosis of serum opsonize zymosan. PMID- 3156933 TI - Opsonic properties of C-reactive protein. Stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate enables human neutrophils to phagocytize C-reactive protein-coated cells. AB - We examined phagocytosis of sheep erythrocytes passively sensitized with pneumococcal C-polysaccharide (E-PnC) and of E-PnC coated with C-reactive protein (E-PnC-CRP) by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). PMN isolated from blood of normal individuals failed to ingest either E-PnC or E-PnC-CRP; however, after stimulation with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (PMA; 2 ng/ml), PMN ingested E-PnC-CRP efficiently with a mean phagocytic index (PI) of 99.5 +/- 4.8 (mean +/- SD, n = 11), and E-PnC to a lesser extent with a mean PI of 33.2 +/- 11.7 (mean +/- SD, n = 11). PMN that had adhered to PnC-coated glass and that were stimulated with PMA attached but did not ingest E-PnC-CRP. In contrast, PMN plated on E-PnC-CRP-coated glass and stimulated with PMA did not attach or ingest E-PnC-CRP. These data indicate that PMN can be induced to phagocytize PnC-CRP and that both PnC and CRP are required for ingestion. They also suggest that specific receptors for these ligands are expressed by stimulated PMN. Neither attachment nor phagocytosis of E coated with rabbit anti-E IgG (E-IgG) was affected by plating PMN on PnC or PnC-CRP. On the other hand, both phagocytosis and ingestion of E-PnC-CRP as well as E-IgG was blocked by plating PMA-stimulated PMN on immune complexes containing rabbit IgG. Inhibition experiments with the use of 3G8, a monoclonal antibody to the Fc gamma receptor of PMN, and human monomeric IgG1 demonstrated that attachment of E-PnC-CRP is mediated by receptors other than the Fc gamma receptors. These combined results indicated a nonreciprocal association between the putative CRP receptors and the Fc gamma receptors of stimulated PMN, resulting in the clearance of both types of receptors from the apical surface of PMN by antigen-immobilized rabbit IgG. PMID- 3156934 TI - Suppression of T lymphocyte chemotactic factor production by the opioid peptides beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin. AB - The opioid peptides beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin have been shown to modulate human lymphocyte proliferation, mononuclear cell locomotion, natural killer cell activity, and neutrophil locomotion. This study demonstrates that beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin inhibit the production of a T lymphocyte chemotactic factor (LCF) by concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Inhibition of LCF production was observed by using concentrations of 10(-11) to 10(-6) M beta-endorphin or met-enkephalin but not alpha-endorphin. A bimodal pattern of suppression of LCF production was observed with both met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin when titrated from 10(-12) to 10(-6) M concentrations, with the peaks of suppressive activity occurring at concentrations of 10(-11) M and 10(-6) M. Timed studies of the production of LCF over a 54-hr period showed that there was an appreciable lag in the onset of measurable LCF activity in mononuclear supernatants produced in the presence of beta-endorphin and met enkephalin. The suppression of LCF production mediated by opioid peptides in mononuclear supernatants was abrogated by depletion of glass-adherent mononuclear cells before culturing with opioids and Con A. The inhibitory effect of opioid peptides on LCF production was prevented by the addition of indomethacin to cell cultures. Additional experiments showed that exogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) suppressed Con A-stimulated LCF production when added at concentrations ranging from 10(-6) to 10(-8) M. Other studies suggested that the mechanism of opioid peptide-mediated suppression of LCF production was due to an enhanced sensitivity of mononuclear cells to the inhibitory action of PGE2. These data provide further evidence for modulation of the immune response in humans by the neuroendocrine hormones beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin and further suggest a link between this modulation and arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 3156935 TI - A rapid colorimetric assay for the determination of IL-2-producing helper T cell frequencies. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL-2) activity is tested in conditioned media by assessing its ability to support proliferation of selected IL-2 dependent T cell lines, conventionally measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Here, we compare this [3H]thymidine uptake test for measuring IL-2 activity with a rapid and sensitive colorimetric method which is based on the ability of viable cells to cleave 3 (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The sensitivity of the colorimetric method was dependent on the indicator cell line used, being greatest with the cytotoxic T cell line 16 (CTLL-16). The colorimetric method is at least as sensitive as [3H]thymidine uptake tests, does not rely on radioactivity, and is ideally suited to screen large numbers of individual samples for IL-2 activity. The latter point was demonstrated by calculating IL-2-producing helper T cell frequencies in heterogeneous murine lymphocyte populations: in this assay, splenic T cells were clonally expanded under limiting dilution conditions and supernatants conditioned by these in vitro growing T cell clones were tested for IL-2 activity with the colorimetric method. This allowed us to obtain reliable estimates of the frequency of progenitor cells of IL-2-producing T cell clones in various populations. PMID- 3156936 TI - [Analytical method of delta 5-3 beta OH steroid sulfates using high performance liquid chromatography and immobilized 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in column form]. PMID- 3156937 TI - Renal hemodynamic and tubular transport effects of nitrendipine. AB - Nitrendipine, a 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, is a new calcium entry blocker with marked antihypertensive effects. Because relatively few data are available regarding its renal effects, we studied the drug's action on renal hemodynamics and electrolyte excretion in normal male volunteers. During sustained water diuresis, 5 to 10 mg nitrendipine given orally caused an increase in urine flow rate and a modest but consistent increase in sodium excretion (from 1.0% to 2.2% of filtered load, P less than 0.01). Furthermore, both solute-free water clearance and percentage of free water excreted rose (from 10.1 +/- 0.6 ml/min to 12.0 +/- 0.8 ml/min and from 8.7% +/- 0.5% to 10.5% +/- 1.1%, respectively, P less than 0.05 in each case). In addition, during the peak effect of the drug on sodium and free water excretion, there was no consistent change in either glomerular filtration rate or effective renal plasma flow. Nitrendipine was also phosphaturic and calciuric but did not alter acid excretion. When administered to subjects with hydropenia receiving hypertonic saline infusion, the drug had no effect on solute-free water reabsorption. We interpret these results to indicate that nitrendipine has direct tubular effects on renal electrolyte transport and that the locus of these effects is probably the proximal tubule. Thus, nitrendipine appears to differ from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive. PMID- 3156938 TI - Options for creating and modifying CAI software for the handicapped. PMID- 3156939 TI - T-T cell interaction in the in vitro induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses: demonstration of vaccinia virus-reactive helper T cell activity involved in enhanced induction of DTH responses. AB - C3H/HeN mice were inoculated i.p. with viable vaccinia virus to generate virus reactive helper T cell activity. 850R X-irradiated spleen cells from vaccinia virus-primed or unprimed mice as helper cells were stimulated in vitro with either trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified syngeneic spleen cells (TNP-self), vaccinia virus-infected spleen cells (virus-self), or cells modified with TNP subsequent to virus infection (virus-self-TNP) in the presence of normal C3H/HeN spleen cells (responding cells). After 5 days of culture, effector cells were tested for anti-TNP delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses by adoptive transfer into footpads of syngeneic C3H/HeN recipient mice together with TNP-self. The results demonstrate that spleen cells from virus-primed mice failed to enhance anti-TNP DTH responses when in vitro stimulation was provided by either virus-self or TNP self alone. In contrast, spleen cells from vaccinia virus-primed mice, but not from unprimed mice, could augment anti-TNP DTH responses when stimulated by virus self-TNP. Such a helper activity provided by vaccinia virus-primed mice was shown to be antigen-specific, and mediated by Lyt-1+2-T cells. DTH effector cells enhanced by helper cells were also antigen-specific and Lyt-1+2-T cells. Furthermore, vaccinia virus-reactive helper T cell activity could be applied to augmented induction of anti-tumor DTH responses by stimulation with virus infected syngeneic fibrosarcoma tumor cells. Thus, these results provide evidence for the role of antigen-specific helper T cells in augmenting the development of DTH responses to cell surface antigens including tumor antigens. PMID- 3156940 TI - [Raynaud's phenomenon, laser Doppler, isothermal chamber. Exploration of normal and pathologic subjects]. AB - The investigation of Raynaud's phenomenon in angiological practice has not yet been standardized. Two points need to be resolved. The cold test is either too empirical and inaccurate or non-uniform. None of the tests of functional vascular exploration have been proven to be reliable, except, perhaps, for capillaroscopy. Laser Doppler studies the cutaneous microcirculatory velocity and its response to thermal stimulation. An isothermic chamber can be used to chill the skin and reheat the skin according to a simple and standardized technique. This protocol was performed in 14 normal subjects, 28 patients with Raynaud's disease and 19 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, which is clearly individualized. In Raynaud's disease, there appears to be an exageration of cutaneous sympathetic tone compared to normal subjects. This methodology is simple to perform and it provides rapid diagnostic results in the consulting rooms. PMID- 3156941 TI - Six-member stimulus classes generated by conditional-discrimination procedures. AB - In conditional-discrimination procedures with three sets of stimuli, A, B, and C, three stimuli per set (A1A2A3, B1B2B3, and C1C2C3), subjects (children and adults) learned to select Set-B and Set-C comparisons conditionally upon Set-A samples (A1B1, A1C1, A2B2, A2C2, A3B3, A3C3). If the conditional-discrimination procedures also generated equivalence relations, three 3-member stimulus classes would be demonstrable, A1B1C1, A2B2C2, and A3B3C3. In addition to these three sets, the present experiments used three other sets of stimuli--D, E, and F. The subjects learned to select Set-E and Set-F comparisons conditionally upon Set-D samples (D1E1, D1F1, D2E2, D2F2, D3E3, D3F3). This established a second group of three 3-member stimulus classes, D1E1F1, D2E2F2, and D3E3F3. In all, two groups of three 3-member classes were established by teaching subjects 12 conditional discriminations. The two groups of 3-member classes were then combined (successfully for 5 of 8 subjects) into a single group of three 6-member classes by teaching the subjects three more conditional relations (E1C1, E2C2, and E3C3). With three other children, enlarging the classes one member at a time also produced 6-member classes. As a consequence of class formation, 60 untrained conditional relations emerged from 15 that had been explicitly taught. Six of the subjects also proved capable of naming the stimuli consistently in accord with their class membership, but two subjects demonstrated class formation even in the absence of consistent naming. PMID- 3156942 TI - Misleading postevent information and memory for events: arguments and evidence against memory impairment hypotheses. AB - The claim that a person's memory for an event may be altered by information encountered after the event has been influential in shaping current conceptions of memory. The basis for the claim is a series of studies showing that subjects who are given false or misleading information about a previously witnessed event perform more poorly on tests of memory for the event than subjects who are not misled. In this article we argue that the available evidence does not imply that misleading postevent information impairs memory for the original event, because the procedure used in previous studies is inappropriate for assessing effects of misleading information on memory. We then introduce a more appropriate procedure and report six experiments using this procedure. We conclude from the results that misleading postevent information has no effect on memory for the original event. We then review several recent studies that seem to contradict this conclusion, showing that the studies do not pose problems for our position. Finally, we discuss the implications of our conclusions for broader issues concerning memory. PMID- 3156943 TI - Mood, recall, and selectivity effects in normal college students. AB - In three experiments we explored the relation between normal variation in depressed mood and memory in college students. Subjects read and subsequently recalled stories whose protagonists experienced good, bad, and neutral events. Contrary to predictions arising independently from capacity theory and from schema theory, the recall of depressed and nondepressed subjects did not differ in either overall level or in affective content. The results are not easily handled by a conceptualization of depression, tied to schema theory, which proposes that negative cognitions are important for the initiation and maintenance of depression. The general usefulness of induction procedures in research on the depressive syndrome is discussed. PMID- 3156944 TI - Size illusion, distance illusion, and terrestrial passage: comment on reed. AB - Two assumptions of Reed's (1984) terrestrial passage theory are questioned. First, Reed assumes that the moon's failure to increase in visual subtense while elevating is accounted for strictly by perceptual distancing. This allows a formal account of the moon distance illusion, but at the expense of a compelling explanation of the moon size illusion. Second, in order to explain the distance illusion, Reed assumes that all objects, regardless of their perceived altitude, are perceived to start from a common point at the horizon. Several alternative application of Reed's terrestrial-passage foundation to the actual illusions are suggested. PMID- 3156945 TI - Spatial and movement-based heuristics for encoding pattern information through touch. AB - Seven experiments investigated the heuristics people use to encode spatial pattern information through touch. Observers traced a tangible pathway with one hand and then answered questions about either the euclidean line between the pathway endpoints or the pathway itself. Parameters of the euclidean line were held constant, while characteristics of the felt pathway were manipulated. Experiments 1-4 showed that blindfolded sighted and blind observers increasingly overestimated the length of the euclidean line as the length of the explored pathway increased. This indicates a movement-based heuristic for encoding distance. Experiments 5-7 indicated that judgments of the position of the euclidean line did not vary with the position of the felt pathway or the extent to which it deviated from that line. Instead, the results indicated that observers relied on implicit spatial axes, which are movement independent, to judge position. These and other results have implications for theories of haptic encoding of spatial pattern and for the construction of tangible graphics displays. PMID- 3156946 TI - Building permanent memory codes: codification and repetition effects in word identification. AB - The studies presented in this article investigate the memory processes that underlie two phenomena in threshold identification: word superiority over pseudowords and the repetition effect (a prior presentation of an item facilitates later identification of that item). Codification (i.e., the development of a single memory code that can be triggered even by fragmented input information) explains the faster and more accurate identification of words than pseudowords. Our studies trace the development and retention of such codes for repeated pseudowords and examine the growth and loss of the repetition effect for both pseudowords and words. After approximately five prior occurrences, words and pseudowords are identified equally accurately in two types of threshold identification tasks, suggesting codification has been completed for pseudowords. Although the initial word advantage disappears, the accuracy of identification still increases with repetitions. The facilitation caused by repetition is not affected much by spacing within a session, but drops from one day to the next, and after a delay of one year has disappeared (new and old words were identified equally well). These results suggest an episodic basis for the repetition effect. Most important, after one year, performance is equal for old pseudowords and new and old words: all these levels are superior to that for new pseudowords, suggesting that the learned codes for pseudowords are as strong and permanent as the codes for words. A model of identification is presented in which feedback from codes and episodic images in memory facilitates letter processing. An instantiation of the model accounts for the major features of the data. PMID- 3156947 TI - Psychophysical evidence for a shared representational medium for mental images and percepts. AB - The intuition that imagery is similar to perception has led many psychologists to assume that imaging an object consists of activating some of the same representational structures that are activated during the perception of that object. This assumption was tested by measuring the effects of visual imagery on concurrent visual perception. The experimental task consisted of a two-interval forced-choice detection task (no stimulus identification required) during which the subject imaged a particular stimulus. In Experiment 1, a matching image led to better detection than a nonmatching image. Interactions between imagery and perception imply a common locus of activity, and the content-specific interactions obtained here imply that the common locus consists of representational structures. In Experiment 2, a matching image facilitated perception only when the image and the stimulus were in the same position. This was taken to imply that the shared representational structures occur at an analog level of perceptual representation. PMID- 3156948 TI - Semantic activation of noun concepts in context. AB - A modified Stoop procedure was used to examine the role that context plays in guiding semantic access of unambiguous nouns in sentence contexts. The sentences either emphasized a high- or a low-dominant property of a noun that was the last word in the sentence or were control sentences. Each sentence was followed by the relevant high- or low-dominant property either immediately or after a 300-or 600 ms delay. There was significant color-naming interference (relative to control) for high-dominant properties regardless of biasing context in the immediate and delayed conditions. There was also significant color-naming interference for low dominant properties in the immediate condition regardless of context. However, in the delayed conditions, the low-dominant properties led to color-naming interference only when preceded by sentence contexts biasing interpretation toward the low-dominant property. It was concluded that high-dominant properties function as core, or invariant, aspects of meaning and that initial semantic access is context independent. PMID- 3156949 TI - A test of the differences between anticipation and study-test methods of paired associate learning. AB - The identity model proposes that anticipation and study-test methods of paired associate learning differ little in basic acquisition, retrieval, and storage processes per event: study, test, and intervening study and test events of other items plus the intercycle interval. The major difference between the two methods boils down to differential short-term loss over the differential retention interval. When the study-test interval is equated, the identity model predicts no difference between the methods. However, the feedback model predicts superiority for the anticipation method, and the differential acquisition, context effect, or task alternation models predict superiority for the study-test method. An experimental test utilized (nearly) identical study-test intervals, various materials, and both massed and spaced practice. In 15 out of 16 comparisons, there was no difference between the methods, providing support for the identity model. Within limits, the greater the study-test interval differentials, the greater the advantage for the method with the shorter study-test intervals. Quantitative analyses support the identity model. PMID- 3156950 TI - The lag effect and differential organization theory: nine failures to replicate. AB - In our first experiment, we tried to replicate and extend previous results that had provided seemingly convincing support for a differential organization explanation of the monotonically increasing lag effect in free recall. However, we failed to obtain the lag effect. Eight additional experiments also failed to replicate the lag effect. In all, we made 918 observations of performance on items repeated at each of three lags, and the mean percentage of correct free recall varied by less than one percentage point. These results suggest that there are boundary conditions limiting the generality of the monotonically increasing lag effect in free recall. In addition, caution should be exercised in accepting certain previous findings as strong evidence for a differential organization explanation of the phenomenon. PMID- 3156951 TI - Do alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome patients acquire affective reactions? AB - In this study we report two experiments that investigate the acquisition of affective reactions. In Experiment 1, unfamiliar melodies were played to Korsakoff's syndrome patients and alcoholic and nonalcoholic control subjects who were matched with them according to age and education. Following a retention interval of 5 min, subjects received a preference test on old and new melodies. Korsakoff's syndrome patients showed the same increase in preference for old melodies as a consequence of prior exposures as control subjects did, but their recognition of melodies was significantly impaired in comparison with controls. In Experiment 2, the same subjects saw photographs of two men. Fictional biographical information depicted one as a "good guy" and the other as a "bad guy." After a retention interval of approximately 20 days, Korsakoffs recalled virtually none of the biographical information; however, 78% preferred the good guy, and impression ratings were less favorable for the bad guy. Korsakoff patients developed preferences and impressions even though they did not have voluntary access to the information on which the preferences were based. However, their impression ratings were less extreme than those of controls. The pattern of results of the two studies is discussed in terms of Johnson's (1983) MEM model of memory. PMID- 3156952 TI - Independence of recognition memory and priming effects: a neuropsychological analysis. AB - In order to examine the relation between recognition memory and priming effects, we have tracked the recovery of recognition memory and word completion ability during the hours after individual treatment given as part of a prescribed course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Recognition memory was tested by a three alternative, forced-choice method. In the word completion test, the initial letters of previously presented words were given as cues, and subjects were asked to complete each cue to form the first word that came to mind. Patients receiving bilateral ECT markedly improved their recognition memory performance 45 min to 9 hr after treatment. Word completion performance was normal at 45 min after treatment and did not change thereafter. Despite exhibiting normal priming effects, patients prescribed bilateral ECT scored at chance levels on recognition tests given 45 min after treatment. These findings support the view that recognition memory and priming are independent memory processes, and they suggest that the processes that support priming make little if any contribution to recognition memory. The results are considered in terms of neuropsychological evidence from amnesic patients for the existence of multiple memory systems. PMID- 3156953 TI - Category differentiation in object recognition: typicality constraints on the basic category advantage. AB - When people are asked to decide whether an object is in a given category, they generally respond faster when the category is at the basic level (e.g., car) than when it is at the superordinate level (e.g., vehicle) or the subordinate level (e.g., sedan). Basic categories have shorter and more frequent names, are learned earlier, and are usually more highly differentiated than other categories (they are both specific and distinctive), but it is not clear which of these factors is responsible for the faster response to basic categories. In three experiments with natural language categories, we found evidence that objects can be identified fastest as members of differentiated categories, even when such categories have longer names and are learned later than less differentiated categories. Specifically, we argued that atypical subordinate categories (e.g., racing car) are highly differentiated and should therefore be responded to as fast as basic categories in object recognition. The results supported this view and also ruled out the hypothesis that objects are necessarily identified as members of basic categories before further identification. We discuss the implications of these findings for the use of category names as definite descriptions in discourse. PMID- 3156954 TI - Prior knowledge and memory: the influence of natural category size as a function of intention and distraction. AB - Words having larger numbers of related associates are more difficult to recall under conditions of intentional learning. This finding indicates that memory performance is inversely related to natural category size. The purpose of the experiments presented in this article was to evaluate the potential influence of orienting task and attention shifts associated with delayed testing on the natural category size effect. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 indicate that it is obtained regardless of task orientation. However, the results of Experiments 2 and 3 indicate that the effect is easily disrupted. Even after only 5 min of solving multiplication problems, words having larger sets of associates are no more difficult to recall than those having smaller sets. These findings suggest that related associates are automatically activated and encoded whenever a familiar concept is experienced in the absence of specific semantic cues. However, words having larger sets will be more difficult to recall only when these related associates are in a state of current activation. PMID- 3156955 TI - How much is an icon worth? AB - We report a new technique for assessing the amount of information extracted from the icon that follows a briefly presented picture. The problem of how to measure such information was formulated in terms of how much physical exposure of a picture an icon is worth. Consider two types of stimulus presentations, each with a base duration of d ms. The first is a d-ms picture followed by an icon, and the second is a d + a-ms picture not followed by an icon. How large does a have to be so that equivalent amounts of information are extracted in the two cases? To answer this question, we showed people pictures and later tested their memory for the pictures. We found that the physical exposure duration needed to reach a particular level of performance was approximately 100 ms longer when an icon was not permitted versus when the icon was permitted. This value was independent of the base duration and the luminance of the picture. Moreover, the same value was obtained using three different kinds of memory test and four different sets of pictures. We conclude that an icon is worth approximately 100 ms of additional physical exposure duration. A reasonable explanation for this robust equivalence between icon and stimulus is that the same encoding processes are responsible for extracting information from the icon and from the physical stimulus. Therefore, any variable that affects these encoding processes must affect extraction of information from the icon and the physical stimulus in an identical manner. This prediction was confirmed for one such variable, picture luminance. PMID- 3156956 TI - Individual differences in the use of simplification strategies in a complex decision-making task. AB - Decision time results were used to assess the strategies that 90 college undergraduates used in a complex decision-making task. Trend analyses revealed that the functions relating choice time to the number of choice alternatives in a set and the number of attributes comprising those alternatives contained linear (increasing) components. In addition, for a portion of the subjects, there was a quadratic effect of the number of attributes available to the decision maker on choice time, suggesting that these subjects adopted simplification strategies at high levels of task complexity. Reliable individual differences in these trend components were observed, consistent with individual differences in motivation and/or processing capacities. These individual differences were included in an information-processing model of decision behavior that captured the choice time data observed in this study. Subjects' ratings of apartments were used as a basis to assess the extent to which the use of simplification strategies resulted in preference reversals. Contrary to expectation, subjects whose choice times contained quadratic components demonstrated fewer preference reversals at high levels of information load. PMID- 3156957 TI - Multiple resources in divided attention: a cross-modal test of the independence of hemispheric resources. AB - Dual-task methodology was used to assess a multiple-resources account of information processing in which each cerebral hemisphere is assumed to have access to its own finite amount of attentional resources. A visually presented verbal memory task was paired with an auditory tone memory task, and subjects were paid to emphasize one task more than the other. When subjects were trying to remember tones presented to the right ear, they could trade performance between tasks as a function of the emphasis condition, whereas on left-ear trials they could not. In addition, a control session indicated that stimuli presented to the unattended ear demanded processing resources, even when it was to the detriment of performance. The data support the assumption of independence between the hemispheres' resource supplies. PMID- 3156958 TI - Event-related potentials elicited by automatic targets: a dual-task analysis. AB - The role of limited capacity processes in the detection of automatic targets was investigated in a dual-task paradigm using both behavioral and event-related brain potential (ERP) measures. An automatic detection task was paired with another concurrent discrimination while the relative importance of each task was systematically varied. The resulting performance operating characteristic (POC) showed that both the speed and accuracy of automatic detection responses were affected by the allocation of attention. Reductions in the accuracy of each task were accompanied by reductions in the amplitude of a late-positive component of the ERP (P300). In addition, the latency of the P300 component elicited by automatic targets was increased in dual-task conditions. A comparison of behavioral and ERP measures suggested the involvement of two separate limited capacity processes in automatic detection: one concerned with the formation of an episodic representation of target occurrence and the other with the execution of rapid motor responses. PMID- 3156959 TI - Vector analysis and process combination in motion perception. AB - Experiments are reported supporting an altered explanation of the vector analysis that occurs in certain motion displays discovered by Johansson (1950). What seemed the result of a perceptual vector analysis is ascribed to the outcome of two different, independent stimulus conditions to which such displays can give rise because of external vector analysis. The different stimulus conditions are configurational change on the one hand and one of the subject-relative stimulus conditions on the other. In two of Johansson's displays, conditions for configurational change were altered by adding stationary reference points in the surround of the displays. Veridical perception of the displays resulted in a majority of instances. We also found that the different motions that result from configurational change and from subject-relative stimulation may combine to form unitary perceived motions and that this happens quite frequently under some conditions. PMID- 3156960 TI - Expression of a gene for glucan-binding protein from Streptococcus mutans in Escherichia coli. AB - The structural gene for a glucan-binding protein (GBP) of Streptococcus mutans has been inserted into a bacteriophage lambda vector and expressed in Escherichia coli K12. Lysates of E. coli infected with the recombinant phage contain an antigenic protein of the same size as S. mutans GBP. The GBP synthesized in E. coli can be affinity-purified on immobilized glucan and antiserum raised against it has been shown to precipitate fructosyltransferase activity from S. mutans. PMID- 3156961 TI - A final report on safety and immunogenicity of a bivalent aqueous subunit HBV vaccine. AB - The bivalent form of an aqueous formalin-inactivated hepatitis B vaccine was evaluated for safety and immunogenicity in chimpanzees. To evaluate safety five animals were inoculated intravenously with vaccine containing 500 micrograms HBsAg and two animals with 50 micrograms. None of these animals developed hepatitis or any serologic marker indicative of the presence of residual live virus in the vaccine. Twenty-four animals were used to evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy. Seven of these immunized animals produced weak or no anti-HBs responses. Two doses of 50 micrograms HBsAg given subcutaneously 1 month apart protected each of four animals that were challenged with 10(3.5) CID50 HBV at 6 and 12 months after immunization and protected three of four animals challenged at 24 months against development of hepatitis or HBsAg. Three of 4 animals in each group immunized with two doses of 20, 10, or 5 micrograms HBsAg were similarly protected when challenged 6 months after immunization. Thirteen of 20 immunized animals that did not develop HBsAg after challenge with HBV developed anamnestic anti-HBs or anti-HBc responses between 2 and 18 months after challenge, indicating minimal replication of challenge virus. The time of onset and frequency of occurrence of these delayed responses was related to the titer of anti-HBs at the time of challenge. False positive Ausab test results were observed in quarantined chimpanzees. These were neither preceded by appearance of HBsAg nor accompanied by development of anti-HBc. In most cases these reactions were due to a reactant having a sedimentation coefficient and an electrophoretic mobility resembling that of IgM. This reactant generally did not appear to confer resistance to challenge with HBV. The humoral immune response was characterized as being entirely of the IgM class 2 weeks after immunization and switched entirely into the IgG class by 10-12 weeks after vaccine administration. At the time of challenge all animals with antibody had anti-HBs of subtype a. PMID- 3156962 TI - A case of triple diagnoses. PMID- 3156963 TI - Intra- and extraneuronal monoamineoxidase-A and -B activities after central axotomy (hemisection) on rats. AB - Hemitransection of the left side of rat brain results in a selective increase (40%) in the activity of MAO-B in the left side striatum, as compared to the right, unoperated side. This increase is shown to be the result of an increase in the activity of extraneuronal MAO-B using a "low substrate concentration method" with dopamine as substrate. This result is compatible with the hypothesis, that in certain degenerative processes such as aging, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and axotomy there is a stimulated growth of extraneuronal cells, which are relatively rich in MAO-B activity. PMID- 3156964 TI - EMD 23,448: effects of a putative dopamine autoreceptor agonist in chorea. AB - A novel dopamine agonist, which stimulates presynaptic dopamine receptors in the experimental animal, was administered acutely to four patients with chorea. Abnormal involuntary movements worsened, plasma prolactin levels fell, and plasma growth hormone concentrations increased in all patients tested. These effects resemble those associated with a postsynaptic rather than presynaptic dopamine agonist, and thus raise some question about the ability of conventional dopaminomimetic screens to predict clinical activity. PMID- 3156965 TI - Hypothermia in the rat induced by the potent serotoninergic agent 8-OH-DPAT. AB - The potent, centrally acting 5-HT receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT was shown to induce a clearcut hypothermic response in naive and PCPA-pretreated conscious rats, maintained at 22 degrees C. PCPA pretreatment decreased the threshold dose of 8 OH-DPAT required to cause hypothermia, indicating that a sensitisation of 5-HT receptor dependent mechanisms was involved. The results are discussed with reference to recent 5-HT receptor subclassification. It is suggested that body temperature measurements in the rat might provide a simple in vivo physiological means of studying central serotoninergic mechanisms, including 5-HT receptor sensitivity modification. PMID- 3156966 TI - Hereditary whispering dysphonia. AB - An Australian family group is described where at least twenty members have inherited torsion dystonia and two siblings with an affected mother have similar clinical manifestations, but have also the biochemical and pathological changes found in Wilson's disease. Whispering dysphonia was the commonest presenting symptom, and a diagnosis of hysteria was invariably made if the family history was not known. This group emphasises the enormously varied ways in which torsion dystonia may be manifested in one family, and raises the possibility of a disturbance in copper transport in diseases of the basal ganglia other than Wilson's disease. PMID- 3156967 TI - Tiapride in 12 Huntington's disease patients. PMID- 3156968 TI - Chronic myopathy induced by repeated bupivacaine injections. AB - The effect of recurrent cycles of muscle fiber degeneration-regeneration was studied by repeated bupivacaine injections into the rat anterior tibial muscle. Injections of 0.6 ml of 0.75% bupivacaine were performed weekly for 6 months. The rats were allowed to recover for another 2 months and then killed. Histological and histochemical stains showed striking changes, including marked variability in fiber size, numerous internal nuclei, extensive fiber splitting and many whorled fibers. Combined staining for end-plate cholinesterase and terminal axons showed a markedly enlarged zone of terminal innervation. These findings suggest that the observed morphological changes usually attributed to a primary myopathic process may instead be the manifestations of impaired and incomplete regeneration occurring after cycles of degeneration-regeneration. PMID- 3156970 TI - Impulse rates and sensitivity to stretch of soleus muscle spindle afferent fibers during locomotion in premammillary cats. AB - Impulse from soleus muscle afferents were recorded in premammillary cats that were walking on a treadmill. In normal walking the effects of gamma-motoneurons on impulse rates of muscle spindle afferents are confounded by the effects of the large length changes that occur. To isolate the effects of gamma-motoneurons the leg was fixed in place for recording and denervated except for soleus muscle. Because gamma-motoneurons produce marked effects on the stretch sensitivity of muscle afferents, soleus muscle was oscillated about a present length so the stretch sensitivity of its afferents could be determined. The impulse rate of secondary muscle spindle afferents in soleus muscle was generally increased at all phases of the step cycle. The mean rate approximately doubled during walking (82 imp/s), compared with nonwalking (rest) periods (44 imp/s). The sensitivity to sinusoidal length changes was generally reduced throughout the step cycle (mean reduction = 33%). Primary muscle spindle afferents also showed an increased mean rate during walking (47 imp/s) compared with rest (24 imp/s). The impulse rate peaked after the muscle reached its maximum force and often showed a second peak before the maximum electromyogram (EMG) activity. The sensitivity to sinusoidal stretches varied cyclically during locomotion. During the extension phase it sometimes exceeded the resting value, but was greatly reduced during the flexion phase (mean reduction = 49% over whole cycle). Control experiments were carried out in which static and dynamic gamma-motoneurons were stimulated and activity from muscle spindle afferents was recorded in anesthetized cats. With the amplitude and frequency of stretch applied, stimulation of dynamic gamma motoneurons usually increased and stimulation of static gamma-motoneurons usually decreased the sensitivity of primary muscle spindle afferents to sinusoidal stretch. The patterns observed in muscle spindle afferents suggest a strong, maintained activation of static gamma-motoneurons throughout the step cycle and a phasic activation of dynamic gamma-motoneurons, which is consistent with previous direct recordings from gamma-motoneurons. With this pattern of activating gamma motoneurons, the secondary muscle spindle afferents will provide a good feedback signal of the large length changes that normally occur in the muscle during locomotion. The changes in sensitivity of primary muscle spindle afferents will complement central changes so the gain of the stretch reflex from extensors is high during extension (when required to help support the weight of the body) and low during flexion (when a high gain would be counterproductive). PMID- 3156969 TI - Immunoregulation and immunostimulation of murine lymphocytes by recombinant human interleukin-2. AB - We report that recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) can support the growth of murine IL-2-dependent cytotoxic T lymphocyte cell lines, augment mouse natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitro, and, as a sole stimulus, induce and maintain the proliferation of mouse lymphocytes. rhIL-2 also augmented mouse allogeneic mixed lymphocyte response and enhanced the development of alloreactive cytotoxic T cells in vitro. The intraperitoneal injection of rhIL-2 augmented peritoneal NK cell activity, whereas splenic NK cell augmentation required significantly higher levels of rIL-2. Thus, rhIL-2 is able to augment both NK cell activity in vitro and in vivo and T cell activity in vitro. These results suggest that rhIL-2 has clinical therapeutic potential since it is able to induce multiple lymphocyte functions and activities. Because rhIL-2 is highly effective for mouse cells, preclinical model systems can be readily developed that will allow us to explore the conditions needed for optimal therapeutic efficacy. Owing to the lymphocyte stimulatory nature of the rhIL-2, the monitoring of hemopoietic and leukocyte parameters during clinical rhIL-2 trials will be critical. PMID- 3156971 TI - Determination of afferent fibers mediating oligosynaptic group I input to cat medial gastrocnemius motoneurons. AB - In the experiments described in the preceding paper electrical stimulation of the quadriceps (QUAD), medial tibial (MTIB), and flexor digitorum and hallucis longus (FDHL) muscle nerves was used to evoke oligosynaptic group I postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) in medial gastrocnemius (MG) motoneurons. In the present study, we attempted to specify the types of afferent fibers which mediate that oligosynaptic activity (FDHL to MG only). In one series of experiments, isolated single flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) afferents were identified as Ia, Ib, or group II fibers according to their conduction velocities, responses to muscle contraction, and mechanical thresholds to small amplitude triangular stretches applied to the parent muscles. We also determined the electrical thresholds of the identified afferent fibers by applying graded electrical stimulation to their muscle nerve. These results were used as criteria to define the types of afferents that mediated the electrically and stretch evoked FDHL oligosynaptic PSPs recorded in MG motoneurons during a second series of experiments. The amplitudes of the oligosynaptic PSPs evoked in MG motoneurons increased as the strength of the electrical stimuli applied to the FDHL muscle nerves was raised to activate greater numbers of Ia- and Ib-fibers, but showed little or no additional increase when the stimulus intensity was raised further to include the majority of group II fibers. On this basis, a significant contribution by group II fibers to these oligosynaptic PSPs was considered unlikely. Simultaneous electrical activation of both Ia- and Ib-fibers produced distinct oligosynaptic PSPs in MG motoneurons, but these were likely due primarily to Ib-afferent activity, since selective activation of Ia-afferents (by stretch) rarely produced oligosynaptic PSPs in the same motoneurons. There was, however, evidence for some Ia contribution to these oligosynaptic PSPs. This is consistent with the demonstration that Ia- and Ib-afferent fibers converge onto common interneurons and that selective activation of Ia-fibers can produce PSPs similar to those evoked by concurrent stimulation of Ia- and Ib-fibers. On the basis of the present results and those of several related studies it is argued that the oligosynaptic PSPs evoked in MG motoneurons by submaximal group I stimulation of the FDHL, MTIB, or QUAD muscle nerves can be ascribed predominantly to the activation of Ib-afferent fibers, with only minimal Ia and probably no group II contribution. PMID- 3156972 TI - Membrane assembly in retinal photoreceptors. II. Immunocytochemical analysis of freeze-fractured rod photoreceptor membranes using anti-opsin antibodies. AB - We have used a cytochemical technique for labeling freeze-fractured tissues (Pinto da Silva, P., C. Parkison, and N. Dwyer (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78: 343-347) to examine the distribution of immunoreactive opsin in rod photoreceptor membranes. Aldehyde-fixed retinas of African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) embedded in a cross-linked protein matrix were frozen and fractured at 196 degrees C, then thawed and labeled with biotinylated sheep anti-cow opsin IgG followed by avidin-ferritin. In thin sections of plastic-embedded retinas, rod outer segment (ROS) disc membranes exposed by fracturing bound specific antibody intensely and relatively uniformly. However, they differed from membranes of the inner segment as well as those of erythrocytes in that protoplasmic face leaflets did not assume an interrupted bilayer appearance and disc exoplasmic face leaflets were apparently lost during thawing. The disposition of opsin immunoreactivity in the cell membrane was highly asymmetric. Although ROS plasma membranes from which discs are elaborated labeled heavily with anti-opsin after cleavage, fractures passing along inner segment plasma membranes bound very little antibody. In cross-fractures exposing inner segment cytoplasm, we found specific labeling of Golgi complex elements, as well as both perimitochondrial and periciliary vesicles. The latter are presumed to be the vehicle shuttling newly synthesized membrane to the ROS for disc assembly. These results suggest that opsin-containing membrane is sorted out within the cell, being transported from synthetic sites to the immediate periciliary zone where localized insertion into the cell membrane takes place. Furthermore, the close correspondence of the present immunocytochemical analysis with the distribution of opsin deduced from prior quantitative freeze-fracture analysis (Besharse, J. C., and K. H. Pfenninger (1980) J. Cell Biol. 87: 451-463) offers the possibility that fracture label may be generally useful for study of patterned membrane topography in neuronal cells. PMID- 3156974 TI - Bone scanning in Ewing's sarcoma. AB - This is a retrospective analysis of bone scans in 72 patients with Ewing's sarcoma. Sites of primary disease were found to be evenly distributed among the axial skeleton and the proximal and distal extremities. Primary disease sites in the axial skeleton were more frequently associated with metastases. Fifty-three of these patients had their first scans done at presentation; among them, 25 were found to have metastases. Unsuspected metastases were picked up in 28 of all the patients. Metastases at presentation were seen to be associated with a poorer prognosis. PMID- 3156973 TI - Membrane assembly in retinal photoreceptors. III. Distinct membrane domains of the connecting cilium of developing rods. AB - To investigate the putative role of the photoreceptor connecting cilium in the delivery of opsin to forming discs and in the maintenance of membrane domains (Besharse, J. C., and K. H. Pfenninger (1980) J. Cell Biol. 87: 451-463), we have studied developing photoreceptors of neonatal rats during the period of initial disc formation using conventional freeze-fracture, immunocytochemistry, and lectin cytochemistry. Specific anti-opsin-binding sites were localized in the distal cilium, the developing outer segment plasma membrane, and at focal sites on the inner segment plasma membrane at all developmental stages examined, including the period prior to the onset of disc morphogenesis. The proximal ciliary shaft generally lacked anti-opsin-binding sites or exhibited them in extremely low density. The distribution of anti-opsin-binding sites corresponded in a general way to the distribution of large intramembranous particles (IMPs) in freeze-fracture replicas like those seen in the rod outer segment (ROS). The proximal zone corresponded in freeze-fracture images to a zone of consecutive horizontal rows of intramembrane particles (ciliary necklaces) and axoneme membrane cross-linkers. Although protoplasmic face leaflet IMPs similar to those of the distal cilium and outer segment were less abundant in the inner segment and proximal cilium than in the distal cilium and ROS, they were detected in these zones at low frequency. Cytochemistry with concanavalin A and wheatgerm agglutinin revealed the presence of a well developed glycocalyx in the proximal zone. Although opsin binds both lectins, the results suggest heterogeneity among the glycoconjugates of the three membrane domains. Our data define distinct membrane domains of the developing photoreceptor cilium that have important implications for the mechanisms for delivering and sequestering opsin in the outer segment. They also establish that the mechanism of opsin delivery to the distal zone occurs well in advance of the period of disc morphogenesis. PMID- 3156975 TI - Evaluation in femoral neck fracture scintimetry: modes of region of interest selection and influence on results. AB - Different sized ROIs within the femoral head and different modes of calculation were used in [99mTc]MDP scintimetry after femoral neck fracture. In preoperative scintimetry, correction for increased trochanteric uptake gave the best discrimination, whereas in postoperative scintimetry the direct ratio fractured/intact femoral head was superior. The change in ROI size had little influence. PMID- 3156976 TI - Enhancement of SPECT images by Fourier filtering the projection image set. AB - Tomographic images from rotating gamma camera systems are often difficult to interpret because of poor contrast and high noise levels. A method is presented for improving the quality of these images by Fourier filtering the projection image set prior to reconstruction. A two-dimensional circularly symmetric Gaussian function is used as the spatial frequency filter. This filter can be optimized to enhance contrast and suppress noise in the projection image set in a straightforward and simple manner from the power spectra of representative projections. Preprocessing of the projections makes it possible to use a ramp reconstruction filter. The resulting tomographic sections show a dramatic improvement in image quality. PMID- 3156977 TI - Superscan prediction--another benefit of early renal views in bone scans. PMID- 3156979 TI - Evaluation for compensation of asbestos-exposed individuals. I. Detection and quantification of asbestos-related nonmalignant impairment. AB - An objective method for measuring nonmalignant respiratory impairment caused by inhaled asbestos has been devised. Three standard physiologic tests (the forced vital capacity [FVC], the forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1], the single breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide [DCO]) and the posteroanterior chest roentgenogram are utilized. The age-, height-, and sex-specific normal ranges of the FVC%, the DCO%, and the FEV1/FVC% have been used in the method. The theory and rationale are described. The resulting algorithm can be presented using a nomogram. Data on 586 asbestos-exposed subjects were analyzed by the proposed method. Empirical evaluation showed the sensitivity to be greater than 90% in definitive diagnosis of asbestosis without airflow obstruction, and the specificity to be greater than 80% for those cases judged eligible for nomographic evaluation. Exceptions were found in 15 cases diagnosed clinically as asbestosis, none of whom had any evidence of pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, 50 cases diagnosed as "no asbestosis" did have evidence of pulmonary fibrosis and would have qualified for some compensation by the proposed method. In summary, this approach has been shown to yield a reliable final asbestos-related lung impairment index that, when taken together with individual societal data, can provide a reliable basis for determining compensation. PMID- 3156980 TI - The legal liability of the occupational health professional. AB - Workers' compensation laws originally provided the exclusive remedy for an injured worker. Under the workers' compensation system, an injured worker received a limited monetary recovery, while the employer and the employees (i.e., the co-employees of the injured worker, including company physicians and nurses) received immunity from negligence actions, including those for medical malpractice. Recent trends in workers' compensation law indicate tha company physicians and nurses now may well be subject to malpractice suits. However, carefully-drawn company health care protocols, appropriate employment requirements, and attention to the handling of cases, may reduce the number of these claims. PMID- 3156981 TI - Evaluation for compensation of asbestos-exposed individuals. II. Apportionment of risk for lung cancer and mesothelioma. AB - The incidence of lung cancer in the cigarette smoking population occupationally exposed to asbestos is inordinately high. A method for apportioning risk to these two agents has been developed. It utilizes degree of asbestos and smoking exposures; the time interval from onset and, where applicable, termination of both exposures; the time interval to diagnosis of lung cancer; and morphologic, physiologic, and radiological evidence of pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 3156978 TI - Program for increasing health and physical fitness of fire fighters. AB - In 1970 the Los Angeles County Occupational Health Service began a program to monitor the health status and to increase the physical fitness of its 1,800 fire fighters. By 1973 physical examinations including resting ECG and blood laboratory studies had been completed for all fire fighters. In addition, the oldest 998 fire fighters were tested for physical work capacity (PWC), job related strength performance, and spine flexibility. Exercise prescriptions and health enhancement counseling were given by exercise physiologists at the time of testing, and one hour per shift was assigned for the exercise. Data were not kept to determine compliance with the exercise program but physical activity was evaluated by interview and the same physiological measurements were made at each examination. By 1982 departmental averages for PWC had increased 16%, with the oldest age group (older than 50 years) showing the most marked improvement. The percentage of habitual smokers decreased from 44% to 25%. High levels of PWC, strength, and flexibility were found to be inversely related to workers' compensation costs. Fire fighters with below-average PWCs subsequently experienced 2.6 times more myocardial infarctions than their above-average counterparts. While it is difficult to determine the influence of any one factor on the collective wellbeing of the fire fighters, it is logical to assume that this program has had an important beneficial effect on the maintenance of a healthy work force. PMID- 3156982 TI - Membranous glomerulonephritis in a patient with Crohn's disease of the small bowel. AB - A 12-year-old girl presented with concurrent onset of membranous glomerulonephritis and Crohn's disease of the small intestine. Subsequent investigations failed to implicate any other systemic disease as a cause of the glomerulonephritis. Membranous glomerulonephritis is an immune complex--mediated glomerulopathy frequently associated with underlying systemic disease. The association of immune complex phenomenon with Crohn's disease and the variation of renal abnormalities in parallel with activity of bowel disease in this patient suggest that the glomerulonephritis may be due to the underlying Crohn's disease. PMID- 3156983 TI - Pompholyx (dyshidrosis). A case study. PMID- 3156984 TI - Experimental gentamicin nephrotoxicity: effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. AB - To determine the effect of diabetes mellitus on gentamicin nephrotoxicity we treated male F344 rats with streptozotocin 22 mg/kg (DM rats). DM rats were compared to controls (C) and nondiabetic rats ingesting the osmotic diuretic isosorbide administered to simulate glycosuric diuresis (C/I). Base-line C/I renal function and histology did not differ from C. However, in DM rats base-line inulin clearance (CIN) was 20% lower, and renal cortical slice uptake of p aminohippurate was reduced compared to C and C/I. DM rats also had foci of renal tubular epithelial dysplasia not seen in C or C/I. Gentamicin was administered at 40 mg/kg-day to C and C/I and 32 mg/kg-day to DM rats to adjust for base-line CIN. Acute tubular necrosis, associated with depression of CIN and renal cortical p-aminohippurate and N-methylnicotinamide uptake, developed in all three groups. There were no differences between C and C/I. However, the degree of acute tubular necrosis and dysfunction was less in DM rats than C and C/I. Renal cortical gentamicin accumulation was also slower in DM than either C or C/I, and changes in renal cortical gentamicin over time followed a different pattern in DM rats. These results indicate that 1) attenuation of gentamicin injury in DM rats may be related to reduced accumulation of gentamicin by the renal cortex, 2) this reduced accumulation may be due to subtle baseline tubular injury mediated by streptozotocin or the diabetic state, and 3) osmotic diuresis does not account for attenuation of renal injury in DM. PMID- 3156985 TI - Freedom within. PMID- 3156986 TI - Maternal cell-mediated immunity to the fetus in human pregnancy. AB - Cell-mediated sensitisation of the mother to her fetus is not a regular event in human pregnancy, and the role of suppressor cells and blocking antibodies in preventing this sensitisation is unresolved. There is as yet little evidence to support the hypothesis that maternal immune recognition of the fetus is essential for the success of the pregnancy. Further progress in this area will depend on systematic investigations of the development of specific maternal humoral and cell-mediated responses to the fetus throughout gestation, and whether a deficiency of these responses results in the failure of the pregnancy. PMID- 3156988 TI - Photocoagulation of early pelvic endometriosis with the Nd: YAG laser through the laparoscope. AB - Our prospective study evaluated the efficacy of the Nd:YAG laser (MMB-AT MediLas 2) for early-stage clinical endometriosis. Patients with suspected endometriosis underwent diagnostic laparoscopy, and if mild or moderate pelvic endometriosis was discovered, the lesions were treated with the Nd:YAG laser at a power setting of 20 w with intermittent, one- to three-second exposures. All the patients are being treated postoperatively with danazol (800 mg/day) for three to nine months. At this writing, 14 of 24 patients selected for laparoscopy were eligible for treatment with the Nd:YAG laser. Six weeks after treatment all the patients reported relief of their initial symptoms. To date, two patients have had repeat laparoscopy after Nd:YAG photocoagulation of mild endometriotic lesions. Neither patient had evidence of disease at the second laparoscopy. PMID- 3156987 TI - Abdominal wall actinomycosis associated with an IUD. A case report. AB - Abdominal wall actinomycosis without pelvic organ involvement in users of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) has not been reported on previously. We encountered one such patient, whose uterine cervix was colonized superficially with Actinomyces. We suggest that systemic actinomycosis be included in the differential diagnosis of pain in IUD users when Actinomyces is found on Papanicolaou smears or in endocervical curettings. Such patients should be treated with appropriate antibiotic therapy, especially prior to any surgical intervention. PMID- 3156989 TI - A new second-puncture probe for CO2 laser laparoscopy. AB - A new second-puncture probe system was designed for aiming and firing the CO2 laser under laparoscopic control. The probe allows simultaneous suction of the smoke from vaporization and insufflation of fresh CO2 for maintenance of an adequate pneumoperitoneum during use. A 200-mm focusing lens attaches the probe to any surgical CO2 laser with an articulated arm. The new probe is 10 cm shorter than standard probes, allowing the application of a wider range of power densities during laser laparoscopy and making surgery easier to perform. Our initial experiences with this new instrument have involved both laboratory animals and patients with endometriosis, adnexal adhesions and distal tubal obstruction. PMID- 3156990 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis and pulmonary hypertension. A report of three cases. AB - Three women with well established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who developed pulmonary hypertension during the course of their disease are reported. In one patient there was mild pulmonary fibrosis but this appeared unrelated to the severity of the pulmonary hypertension. Another patient had increased platelet stickiness which may have contributed to this complication, whereas in the third patient, no contributing factors were apparent. The pulmonary complications of RA and their relationship to the development of pulmonary hypertension are discussed. PMID- 3156991 TI - Evaluation of clinical and prognostic significance of T cell regulatory subsets in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Phenotypic analysis of circulating lymphocytes and T cell subsets using monoclonal antibodies was performed on 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A significant lymphopenia was observed in RA patients and correlated with the use of disease suppressant drugs (p less than 0.0001). A significant decrease in the number of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells resulted in an increase in the TH/TS ratio in 40% of RA patients. This elevated ratio did not correlate with disease activity, the presence of extraarticular features, autoantibody production or immune complex formation. We conclude that the evaluation of the TH/TS ratio has no diagnostic or prognostic value. PMID- 3156993 TI - Novel photoaffinity label for the dopamine D2 receptor: synthesis of 4-azido-5 iodo-2-methoxy-N-[1-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl] benzamide (iodoazidoclebopride, IAC) and the corresponding 125I-labeled analogue (125IAC). PMID- 3156992 TI - Quantitative analysis of skin flap blood flow in the rat using laser Doppler velocimetry. AB - Two experiments carried out on rat skin flaps are described, where microvascular flow has been measured noninvasively by a laser Doppler velocimeter. Using this technique it is possible to define the limits of an axial pattern flap in terms of microvascular flow; this was found to increase when the flap is elevated. 'Random-pattern' perfusion is defined by a fall in flow. This recovers sequentially along the flap, and at a constant rate at all sites. A differential in microvascular perfusion is thus maintained along a random-pattern flap for at least the first postoperative week. In a second experiment it is shown that there appears to be a linear relationship between the reduction in skin blood flow in a random-pattern flap and the distance from the base at which the measurements are made. It is suggested that these data support the view that the blood flow in a skin flap recovers primarily from its base rather than via peripheral neovascularization, and that this is due to vascular collaterals opening within the flap rather than to a relaxation of sympathetic tone. PMID- 3156994 TI - Conjugation of poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) derivatives to the antitumor protein neocarzinostatin: pronounced improvements in pharmacological properties. AB - An anticancer agent of intermediate molecular weight and having both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature was developed by utilizing the antitumor protein neocarzinostatin (NCS; Mr = 12000) as a prototype drug. The modification was achieved by reacting the two amino groups on NCS with an anhydride group of partially half-esterified (p-E-) or partially hydrolyzed (p-H-) poly(styrene-co maleic anhydride) (SMA) in 0.8 M NaHCO3. The SMA samples with narrow molecular weights distributions (Mw = ca. 2000) were prepared by copolymerizing styrene and maleic anhydride in cumene followed by fractionation by means of a column-elution method. The derivatives p-E- or p-H-SMA were then formed by using the appropriate monoalcohols or H2O, respectively. These SMA derivatives contain about 2 mol of anhydride residues/mol of SMA. The reaction product, SMA-conjugated NCS (designated as SMANCS), was purified by dialysis followed by gel filtration with Sephadex G-75. The complete reaction yielded essentially a single product, biantennary SMANCS. The molecular weight of the pure SMAMCS was estimated by various methods, including polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with NaDodSO4, HPLC in the gel permeation mode, fluorescence polarization, and a decrease in both nitrogen and protein contents. These results agree with the apparent molecular weight of about 16000. Characters of SMANCS was considerably altered from that of parental NCS: solubility characteristics in both organic and aqueous solvents were changed, the biological half-life in blood was prolonged 10 times, and antitumor activity became more pronounced, but the toxicity was reduced to one fourth of the parental NCS. Thus, the present study has provided a method of improving biologically active substances by polymer conjugation. PMID- 3156995 TI - The prevalence of translocations in parents of children with regular trisomy 21: a possible interchromosomal effect? AB - It has been suggested that translocations, and perhaps other chromosome rearrangements, disturb meiotic disjunction of uninvolved chromosome pairs and predispose to trisomic offspring. If so, then one would expect an excess of translocations not involving chromosome 21 among the parents of regular trisomic Down's syndrome patients. Such translocations have been reported, but mostly as anecdotal single case reports or very small series. In an attempt to collect a larger series, a collaborative study of regular Down's syndrome families was made in southern England. This was retrospective, and covered periods of 7 to 10 years since 1970. The number of regular trisomy families investigated was 1454. Only 945 of the 2908 parents were karyotyped, and 10 balanced reciprocal translocations not involving chromosome 21 were identified, together with one Robertsonian (13q14q). Expressing these as percentages of the parents tested (945), prevalences are as follows: reciprocals 1.06%, Robertsonians 0.11%, and all translocations 1.16%. Expressed as percentages of the total parents (2908), tested and untested, the prevalences are 0.34%, 0.03%, and 0.37% respectively. The 'true' prevalences, that is what would have been found had all parents been tested, must lie between these two sets of figures. The prevalence of reciprocal translocations exceeds that found for consecutive banded newborn infants, which is 0.16%, and this excess may reflect a real interchromosomal effect. Robertsonian translocations in the banded newborn series are at a frequency of 0.11%, identical to that found in the tested parents of regular trisomics. Interpretation of these figures is critically dependent upon the real prevalence of translocations among the newborn, estimates of which increase as technical methods are improving. PMID- 3156996 TI - Non-invasive measurement of blood flow-rate in expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts. AB - Four 6 mm e-PTFE grafts were placed subcutaneously into four dogs between the carotid artery and jugular vein to model shunt flow through an access graft. Flow rates were varied from 120 to 2000 ml/min (N = 42) by use of a cardiac stimulant (Aramine) and external constrictor. Measures of graft flow were made simultaneously by electromagnetic flowmeter (EMF) and Doppler ultrasound based on a known graft diameter, use of a flat-head probe providing a fixed beam-to-vessel angle and derivation of the mean Doppler-shift frequency from first moment computation of the frequency spectra. Correlation coefficients between the Doppler ultrasound and EMF recordings were 0.54, 0.96 and 0.92 at measurement sites just beyond the arterial/graft anastomosis, at the graft loop and just proximal to the graft/venous anastomosis, respectively. Availability of a simple and accurate non-invasive flowmeter for superficially placed e-PTFE grafts may be valuable for evaluating the systemic effects of vascular shunts, for monitoring the patency of access grafts and for assessing the function of bypass grafts for limb ischaemia. PMID- 3156997 TI - Interleukin-2 production by cord blood lymphocytes stimulated with mitogen and in the mixed leukocyte culture. AB - We examined the ability of cord blood lymphocytes to produce interleukin-2 (T cell growth factor) in response to phytohemagglutinin and in the mixed leukocyte culture. Interleukin-2 production was measured by the proliferative response of an interleukin-2-dependent mouse T cell line to the addition of supernatant obtained from cord blood lymphocyte cultures. Using these assays we have shown that cord blood lymphocytes have a normal ability to produce interleukin-2 in both PHA-stimulated cultures and in the mixed leukocyte culture. The normal production of interleukin-2 by cord blood cells indicates, that newborn T lymphocytes are mature, and that a dissociation exists between their normal ability to produce interleukin-2 and their ability to produce other lymphokines, which was reported to be impaired. The reported deficiency of HLA-DR antigen expression on newborn monocytes does not seem to interfere with the production of interleukin-2 in the mixed leukocyte culture. PMID- 3156998 TI - Surface markers of suppressor cells in the spontaneous immunodeficiency disease of senescent NZB/NZW F1 hybrid mice. AB - Aged NZB/NZW F1 hybrid (B/W) mice spontaneously develop severe immunodeficiency disease associated with worsening autoimmunity and malignancies of the immune system. The impaired immune response is mediated in part by markedly increased suppressor cell activity in the spleens of these animals. In male B/W mice, the suppressor cell is nonphagocytic, nonadherent to nylon wool columns and highly resistant to treatment with anti-Thy-1 + complement. We report here marked ablation of splenic suppressor activity by anti-Lyt-1.2 + complement and to a much smaller extent by anti-Ly-2.2. The suppressor activity is not affected by anti-IgM + complement. These data suggest that the suppressor cell activity in the spleens of aged male B/W mice are in the T cell line and may result from an underlying disorder of T cell maturation and differentiation. PMID- 3156999 TI - Comparing physical and behavior therapy for chronic low back pain on physical abilities, psychological distress, and patients' perceptions. AB - A treatment-outcome study was conducted to study the impact of behavior and physical therapy on components of the chronic low back pain syndrome. Eighteen patients received behavior therapy and 15 patients received physical therapy. All patients had at least a 6-month history of seeking treatment for chronic low back pain. Prior to treatment patients were assessed in four principal areas of functioning: (1) physical abilities; (2) current physical functioning; (3) psychological and psychosocial functioning; and (4) pain intensity and pain perception. Treatments were conducted in a group (five to eight patients) outpatient setting. Both behavior therapy and physical therapy groups met for 10 weekly sessions, each lasting 2 hr. Behavior therapy was designed to address the environmental, social, and emotional components of the low back pain syndrome as well as the depression and decreased activity that result from chronic low back pain. Physical therapy was based upon traditional rehabilitation theory and was designed to improve low back function. Patients were reevaluated at posttreatment, 6 months, and 1 year. The results showed a general improvement for patients in both groups and a few treatment-specific differences in outcome measures. PMID- 3157000 TI - Urticaria and angioedema. PMID- 3157001 TI - Conservation of genome form but not sequence in the transcription antitermination determinants of bacteriophages lambda, phi 21 and P22. AB - Comparisons are made among DNA sequences upstream from terminators in both leftwards and rightwards early operons of related coliphages lambda, phi 21 and P22. These sequences include both left and right determinants of response to phage-coded antitermination proteins, "N", as well as the N structural genes themselves. Despite almost total disparity of DNA sequence, the three genomes can be discerned to include the same elements in the same order and spacing: downstream from the early left promoter are sequentially a site of recognition for host nusA protein, a dyad symmetry "nut" essential for N function in lambda, overlapping sites for processing of the transcript by RNAase III and then the N structural genes; downstream from the cro gene on the right are sites of nusA recognition and nut dyad symmetries homologous to those on the left. Because the N proteins of lambda, phi 21 and P22 do not for the most part complement each other, a specific site of N recognition has been postulated for each N-responding operon. The nut dyad symmetry qualifies as such a site, since the loop of the left dyad in lambda is marked by mutations that block N function leftwards, and since DNA sequences here show close homology between the loops of left and right dyads for each phage, but less if not little homology for different phages. PMID- 3157002 TI - "N" transcription antitermination proteins of bacteriophages lambda, phi 21 and P22. AB - Comparison is made among the amino acid sequences of three transcription antitermination proteins, based upon the DNA sequences of their genes in bacteriophages lambda, phi 21 and P22. The three proteins are all small (about 100 amino acids), hydrophilic and basic, but otherwise show little homology. A basic region near the amino terminus has several amino acid positions common to all three proteins and is the locus of mutations that alter six different amino acid positions inactivating the lambda N protein. A less basic region near the center is the locus of three mutations affecting the interaction of lambda N with host nusA protein. The N gene of phi 21 has an amino terminus more like that of P22, and a carboxy terminus clearly related to that of lambda. PMID- 3157003 TI - Extent of sequence homology required for bacteriophage lambda site-specific recombination. AB - Bacteriophage lambda integration and excision occur by reciprocal recombination within a 15-base homologous core region present in the recombining attachment (att) sites. Strand exchange within the core occurs at precise nucleotide positions, which define an overlap region in which the products of recombination contain DNA strands derived from different parents. In order to define the role of sequence homology during recombination we have constructed point mutations within the core and assayed their effects in vivo and in vitro on site-specific recombination. Two of the mutations are located at position -3 of the core, which is one base-pair outside of the overlap region where strand exchange occurs. These mutations do not affect integrative or excisive recombination, thereby suggesting that homology outside the overlap region is not required for recombination. Two other mutations are located at position -2 of the core, which is one base-pair within the overlap region. These mutations show severely depressed integrative and excisive recombination activities in vitro and in vivo when recombined against wild-type att sites. However, the -2 mutations show normal recombination activity when recombined against att sites containing the homologous mutation, thereby suggesting that homology-dependent DNA interactions are required within the overlap region for effective recombination. In vitro recombination between homoduplex attP sites and heteroduplex attB sites demonstrated that the DNA interactions require only one strand of the attB overlap region to be homologous to attP in order to promote recombination. PMID- 3157004 TI - In phage lambda, cos is a recombinator in the red pathway. AB - Among lambda particles carrying chromosomes that have failed to replicate during a lytic cycle cross there is a high frequency of Red-mediated recombination near the right-hand end. Earlier work has shown that this recombination is dependent on cos (cohesive end site), the packaging origin of lambda. In contrast to the prediction of the break-copy model proposed earlier, we find a high recombination rate near cos even when only one of the two participating parents has a functional cos at that locus. The exchange is accompanied by loss of the stimulating cos in the recombination product, irrespective of the marker configurations: a+b+cos- rather than a+b+cos+ is produced in the cross a+b-cos- x a-b+cos+ as well as in the cross a+b-cos+ x a-b+cos-. Further analyses of these and earlier data allow the formulation of a detailed model for cos-stimulated, Red-mediated genetic exchange. In this model, cos stimulates exchange by virtue of being a double-strand cut site. The model has several features like that proposed for yeast. This role of cos in the Red pathway contrasts with the role of cos in the RecBC pathway, in which cos serves as an entry site for a recombinase that stimulates exchanges far from cos. PMID- 3157005 TI - The OR control system of bacteriophage lambda. A physical-chemical model for gene regulation. AB - A quantitative model has been developed for processes in the bacteriophage lambda that control the switchover from lysogenic to lytic modes of growth. These processes include the interactions of cI repressor and cro proteins at the three DNA sites of the right operator, OR, the binding of RNA polymerase at promoters PR and PRM, the synthesis of cI repressor and cro proteins, and the degradative action of recA during induction of lysis. The model is comprised of two major physical-chemical components: a statistical thermodynamic theory for relative probabilities of the various molecular configurations of the control system; and a kinetic model for the coupling of these probabilities to functional events, including synthesis of regulatory proteins cI and cro. Using independently evaluated interaction constants and rate parameters, the model was found capable of predicting essential physiological characteristics of the system over an extended time. Sufficiency of the model to predict known physiological properties lends credence to the physical-chemical assumptions used in its construction. Several major physiological characteristics were found to arise as "system properties" through the non-linear, time-dependent, feedback-modulated combinations of molecular interactions prescribed by the model. These include: maintenance of the lysogenic state in the absence of recA-mediated cI repressor degradation; induction of lysis and the phenomenon of subinduction; and autogenous negative control of cro. We have used the model to determine the roles, within the composite system, of several key molecular processes previously characterized by studies in vitro. These include: co-operativity in cI repressor binding to DNA; interactions between repressors and RNA polymerase (positive control); and the monomer-dimer association of cI repressor molecules. A major role of cI repressor co-operativity is found to be that of guaranteeing stability of the lysogenic state against minor changes in cI repressor levels within the cell. The role of positive control seems to be that of providing for a peaked, rather than monotonic, dependence of PRM activity on cI repressor level, while permitting PR activity to be a step function. The model correlates an immense body of studies in vivo and in vitro, and it makes testable predictions about molecular phenomena as well as physiological characteristics of bacteriophage lambda. The approach developed in this study can be extended to include more features of the lambda system and to treat other systems of gene regulation. PMID- 3157007 TI - Massive abdominal wall hematoma: real-time ultrasound localization of bleeding. PMID- 3157006 TI - Weber-Christian panniculitis with immune complex glomerulonephritis. AB - The etiology of Weber-Christian panniculitis is unknown. A case is presented in which an association is found between immune complex glomerulonephritis and a relapse of Weber-Christian panniculitis. This case adds to the literature, implicating immune system dysfunction in the pathophysiology of this disease. PMID- 3157008 TI - Efficacy of norfloxacin in urinary tract infection biological effects on vaginal and fecal flora. AB - Forty women with uncomplicated urinary tract infections were assigned randomly to receive 400 mg. norfloxacin or 160 mg. trimethoprim and 800 mg. sulfamethoxazole twice daily for 10 days. Of the 20 patients receiving norfloxacin none had bacteriuria during or 7 days after therapy and 5 patients were reinfected within 6 weeks of therapy discontinuation. Of the 20 patients receiving trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole therapy 1 presented with a strain resistant to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and was excluded from the study. The remaining 19 patients were uninfected during and 7 days after therapy, and 6 patients were reinfected 6 weeks after therapy. All documented recurrences were caused by bacteria sensitive to the initial therapeutic agent. Anal and vaginal Enterobacteriaceae maintained their sensitivity to norfloxacin. One patient on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole presented with and 2 patients acquired resistant anal and vaginal Enterobacteriaceae. No adverse reactions occurred in either treatment group. Norfloxacin was as effective and safe as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole without emergence of resistant bacteria associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 3157009 TI - Centrarchid fish as paratenic hosts of the giant kidney worm, Dioctophyma renale (Goeze, 1782), in Ontario, Canada. AB - Infective larvae of Dioctophyma renale were found in the hypaxial musculature of pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus L.) from three lakes in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada. This represents the first report of D. renale in centrarchid fish. In the three lakes surveyed prevalence and mean intensity ranged from 5 to 23% and one to two larvae respectively. Larvae elicited a mild granulomatous reaction in pumpkinseed. Two ferrets were each given five larvae from pumpkinseed. Adult D. renale were recovered from the right kidney capsule of ferrets 108 and 134 days post-infection. An opening in the ventral surface of the right kidney capsule was present in one ferret. Chronic peritonitis was associated with eggs of D. renale and cellular debris which probably entered the abdominal cavity from the right kidney capsule. PMID- 3157010 TI - Prevalence and distribution of Elaeophora schneideri Wehr and Dikmans, 1935 in mule deer in Utah. PMID- 3157011 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Revised recommendations for preventing malaria in travelers to areas with chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. PMID- 3157012 TI - Difference in myocardial characteristics between hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and myocardial hypertrophy due to essential hypertension. AB - To investigate the qualitative difference in myocardial hypertrophy that exists between hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and essential hypertension (HT), we measured the mean wall thickness (MWT), the early diastolic time intervals (IIA MVO time: from the second heart sound to the point of mitral valve opening, MVO-O time: from MVO to the O point of apexcardiogram) and the MVO-O/IIA-MVO ratio. The MWT in HCM and HT was measured by biventriculogram and echocardiogram, respectively. The MWT showed no significant difference between HT (13.1 +/- 3.0 mm) and non-obstructive type of HCM (14.8 +/- 3.7), but the MWT in obstructive type (1.08 +/- 0.24) was significantly thinner than that in HT. As the MWT increased, both IIA-MVO and MVO-O time were prolonged in both groups. But the mode of prolongation was quite different. In HT, the prolongation of the IIA-MVO time was almost always greater than that of the MVO-O time. In HCM, the prolongation of the latter was greater than that of the former. The MVO-O/IIA-MVO ratio in HT was significantly less than that in normal subjects, but those in HCM were significantly greater. These findings suggest that the differences in the early diastolic time intervals between HCM and HT are not due to the magnitude of the left ventricular hypertrophy, but due to myocardial characteristics. PMID- 3157013 TI - [Surgical treatment of the giant left atrium. The effect of left atrial plication on left ventricular function]. PMID- 3157014 TI - [Application of flexible fiberscope to cardiac surgery]. PMID- 3157015 TI - [Role of noninvasive methods in the diagnosis of postembolic pulmonary hypertension]. AB - The use of electro- and echo-graphic examinations in patients with chronic post embolic pulmonary hypertension allowed the identification of the most sensitive signs of right ventricle hypertrophy which made it possible to assess objectively the state of the cardiac muscle. PMID- 3157017 TI - [Laparoscopic manipulator]. PMID- 3157016 TI - [Effect of adaptation to high altitude hypoxia on the development of structural changes in the resistance vessels of the spontaneously hypertensive rat]. AB - Adaptation to high altitude hypoxia prevents the development of arterial hypertension only in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in the pre hypertension stage. Adult SHR exposed to high altitude hypoxia showed no hypotensive effect. Judging by the experiments with extremities perfusion, the prophylactic effect of high altitude hypoxia in young SHR is associated with an increased number of resistant vessels. The increased ratio of the thickness of the vessel wall to the vascular lumen, however, remains unchanged probably due to the genetically determined development of hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscles. PMID- 3157018 TI - The use of personal transport by disabled people. PMID- 3157019 TI - Evaluation of local blood flow velocity in proximal and distal coronary arteries by laser Doppler method. AB - A high resolution laser Doppler velocimeter using an optical fiber was developed to evaluate detailed characteristics of phasic blood flow in the coronary artery. Local blood flow velocities were measured in the proximal (0.27 +/- 0.05 cm i.d.) and the distal portion (0.09 +/- 0.02 cm i.d.) of the left circumflex coronary artery of anesthetized, open-chest dogs. The velocity waveform in the central axial region of the vessel and the velocity profile across the vascular lumen were compared in the proximal and the distal portions. PMID- 3157020 TI - An experimental study of coronary artery fluid mechanics. AB - Preserved baboon and canine hearts were perfused using an in-vitro pulsatile flow system. Flow rate and pulsation frequency were controlled, and velocity profile measurements were made at several sites on the left epicardial coronary arteries of each heart. Velocity profiles were measured using a multi-channel, pulsed ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter, and the data were processed with a laboratory microcomputer system. Flow in the left main coronary artery appeared to be similar to descriptions of developing curved tube flow, but an unexplained oscillation of the velocity profiles was observed in this artery. Near the bifurcation of the main coronary artery into the anterior descending and the circumflex, the pattern of velocity profile skewing appeared to be determined by the angle through which the daughter vessels turned from the main and the overall curvature of the "plane" of bifurcation. Several diameters downstream from the bifurcation the flow appeared to be quasi-steady. PMID- 3157021 TI - Nonquasi-steady character of pulsatile flow in human coronary arteries. AB - This experiment was conducted to determine if the pulsatile flow through the proximal portion of the left coronary artery system in man exhibits quasi-steady characteristics. Steady and pulsatile flows were passed through an idealized model whose dimensions were based on a vascular cast. The mean Reynolds number was 180 and the unsteadiness number was 2.7. Velocity profiles were measured by laser Doppler anemometry at several locations along diameters in the parent and both daughter channels in the neighborhood of the "left main" bifurcation. Analysis of the results along one diameter in the "left main" channel shows that unsteady flow in the larger coronary arteries may not be simulated by a series of steady flow experiments. PMID- 3157022 TI - Respiratory kinematics in classical (opera) singers. AB - Anteroposterior diameter changes of the rib cage and abdomen were recorded during respiratory, speaking, and singing activities in six adult male subjects, all baritones with extensive classical singing training and performance experience. Data were charted to solve for lung volume, volume displacements of the rib cage and abdomen, and inferred muscular mechanisms. Separate major roles were inferred for different parts of the respiratory apparatus in the singing process. The abdomen served as a posturing element that mechanically tuned the diaphragm and rib cage to optimal configurations for performance. The rib cage operated as a pressure-flow generating element that regulated expiratory drive. And, the diaphragm functioned as an inspiratory element devoted to reinflating the lungs. Subjects' descriptions of how they thought they breathed during singing bore little correspondence to how they actually breathed. Implications for the training of singers are offered. PMID- 3157023 TI - Prolonged disruption of plasma beta-endorphin dynamics following surgery. AB - The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of surgery on plasma beta-endorphin dynamics. Plasma beta-endorphin levels were measured by liquid chromatography/radioimmunoassay in seven patients undergoing elective surgery. Blood samples were obtained every 4 hr for two 24-hr periods: one beginning 48 hr before surgery and the other beginning 48 hr after surgery. Computer analysis of beta-endorphin levels as a function of clock time demonstrated a true circadian rhythm preoperatively with a mean of 28.0 +/- 5.9 pg/ml. In the postoperative period mean beta-endorphin levels were significantly elevated (85.6 +/- 20.7 pg/ml, P less than 0.005). Surgical procedures caused significant phase shifting in the grouped mean circadian rhythm of plasma beta-endorphin (mean = 2.4 hr). When the data was analyzed individually, plasma circadian rhythms were found to be totally abolished in the three patients with the longest operative times (mean = 3.8 hr) and significantly displaced in time in the remaining four patients. These prolonged alterations in plasma endogenous opioid peptide levels following surgery have not been previously reported, and should be considered in the management of the postsurgical patient. PMID- 3157024 TI - 15- and 16-hydroxylations of androgens and estrogens in the human fetal liver: a critical step in estetrol biosynthesis. AB - To elucidate the main metabolic pathways which lead to the foeto-placental biosynthesis of estetrol (I), we investigated the 15 alpha- and 16 alpha hydroxylations of potential precursors of this estrogen in the human fetal liver. We determined the 15 alpha- and 16 alpha-hydroxylation capacity of the fetal liver for each precursor by GC-MS. The results suggest that estetrol is derived only from estradiol sulfate (II) and DHEA sulfate (III). 15 alpha-Hydroxy androstenedione (IV) can no longer be regarded as a good precursor of estetrol. The phenolic pathway appears to be a more likely route than the neutral pathway, even when derived from DHEA sulfate. PMID- 3157026 TI - Computer-assisted analysis of complex concentration-response data. AB - The analysis of concentration-response data generally relies on graphic techniques to gain estimates of the EC50, maximum response, and Hill coefficient. This type of analysis may be adequate if the drug-mediated response follows the simple mass action law; however, if the drug produces a complex concentration response relationship through multiple receptor activation this type of analysis can give misleading information regarding the potency and actions of the particular agonist being tested. In addition, graphic analytical techniques can mask potentially useful information. There are, however, many computer programs currently available that can adequately analyze complex concentration-response data by use of weighted nonlinear curve-fitting techniques. The present paper reports on the use of some of these programs (e.g., FUNFIT and LIGAND) and how they might be used to analyze results obtained from experiments where multiple receptor activation occurs. The use of these programs gives more accurate estimates of the required constants and, in addition, can provide useful information regarding the process that produces the complex data. PMID- 3157025 TI - The identification, quantification and possible origin of non-polar conjugates in human plasma. AB - The existence and quantification of non-polar conjugates of pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and androstenediol in human plasma is described. The plasma level of non-polar pregnenolone conjugate is 200% higher than that of pregnenolone but the conjugates of DHA and androstenediol are 10 and 5-10% respectively of the plasma levels of the unconjugated steroid. Non-polar pregnenolone conjugate concentrations were found to be highly elevated in the plasma of one pregnant subject, and elevated in the plasma of patients with acne and breast cancer. Non-polar DHA conjugate levels were significantly elevated in hirsute patients and were approaching significance for patients with acne. A subject taking the combined oral contraceptive pill had very low plasma DHA conjugate levels. No significant alterations in the plasma levels of the androstenediol conjugates were found. A role for the non-polar conjugates in the aetiology of hirsutism and acne is proposed. PMID- 3157027 TI - Medium reorganization energy and enzymatic reaction activation energy. AB - Reorganization and activation energies for charge transfer reactions occurring inside a dielectric sphere have been calculated by solving the problem of polar medium reorganization within and outside a dielectric sphere placed in another infinite dielectric. The dielectric sphere is assumed to simulate a protein globule, i.e. an enzyme molecule. It has been shown that for some reaction types the activation energy tends to decrease as the globule radius increases and that for each of the reaction types considered there is an optimal globule radius an increase of which does not bring about any tangible activation energy reduction. The calculated optimal radii for different processes are in good agreement with the increasing molecular sizes in the series: ribonuclease less than or equal to lysozyme less than serine proteinases approximately equal to cysteine proteinases less than NAD-dependent dehydrogenases. The calculated radii are usually about 1.5 to 1.7 times (and molecular masses about 4-5 times) smaller than the experimental ones. The reasons for this discrepancy are discussed and it has been suggested that the approximate nature of the treatment of a protein globule as a structureless dielectric is the main reason. It is shown that charge transfer at an acute angle to the globule surface is the optimum process. For endoergonic reaction stages it is the net charge transfer towards the periphery and for exoergonic ones that in the reverse direction which are advantageous. These conclusions are consistent with the data about the structure of the above mentioned enzymes. PMID- 3157029 TI - Suppressor cell induction factor: a new mediator released by stimulated human lymphocytes and distinct from previously described lymphokines. PMID- 3157028 TI - Protection of the hypertrophied pig myocardium. A comparison of crystalloid, blood, and Fluosol-DA cardioplegia during prolonged aortic clamping. AB - The myocardial protective effects of crystalloid, blood, and Fluosol-DA-20% cardioplegia were compared by subjecting hypertrophied pig hearts to 3 hours of hypothermic (10 degrees to 15 degrees C), hyperkalemic (20 mEq/L) cardioplegic arrest and 1 hour of normothermic reperfusion. Left ventricular hypertrophy was created in piglets by banding of the ascending aorta, with increase of the left ventricular weight-body weight ratio from 3.01 +/- 0.2 gm/kg (control adult pigs) to 5.50 +/- 0.2 gm/kg (p less than 0.001). An in vivo isolated heart preparation was established in 39 grown banded pigs, which were divided into three groups to receive aerated crystalloid (oxygen tension 141 +/- 4 mm Hg), oxygenated blood (oxygen tension 584 +/- 41 mm Hg), or oxygenated Fluosol-DA-20% (oxygen tension 586 +/- 25 mm Hg) cardioplegic solutions. The use of crystalloid cardioplegia was associated with the following: a low cardioplegia-coronary sinus oxygen content difference (0.6 +/- 0.1 vol%), progressive depletion of myocardial creatine phosphate and adenosine triphosphate during cardioplegic arrest, minimal recovery of developed pressure (16% +/- 8%) and its first derivative (12% +/- 7%), and marked structural deterioration during reperfusion. Enhanced oxygen uptake during cardioplegic infusions was observed with blood cardioplegia (5.0 +/- 0.3 vol%), along with excellent preservation of high-energy phosphate stores and significantly improved postischemic left ventricular performance (developed pressure, 54% +/- 4%; first derivative of left ventricular pressure, 50% +/- 5%). The best results were obtained with Fluosol-DA-20% cardioplegia. This produced a high cardioplegia-coronary sinus oxygen content difference (5.8 +/- 0.1 vol%), effectively sustained myocardial creatine phosphate and adenosine triphosphate concentrations during the extended interval of arrest, and ensured the greatest hemodynamic recovery (developed pressure, 81% +/- 6%, first derivative of left ventricular pressure, 80% +/- 10%) and the least adverse morphologic alterations during reperfusion. It is concluded that oxygenated Fluosol-DA-20% cardioplegia is superior to oxygenated blood and especially aerated crystalloid cardioplegia in protecting the hypertrophied pig myocardium during prolonged aortic clamping. PMID- 3157031 TI - [Lumbago in 40-47 year old men--a retrospective cross sectional study]. PMID- 3157030 TI - [Multicenter study of low birth weight infants shows good development at 2 year follow-up]. PMID- 3157032 TI - [Coronary angioplasty gives improved left ventricular function in angina pectoris]. PMID- 3157033 TI - Human nasal septal cartilage: local distribution of different enzyme activities in healthy adults and acromegalic patients. AB - Septal cartilage was obtained during septoplasty from healthy adults or during transnasal hypophysectomy from acromegalic patients. Small strips of cartilage were excised from five different areas of the septum: the anterior free end, the suprapremaxillary area, the central area, the posterior area, and the caudal prolongation of the septum. Five different enzymatic pathways were analyzed in these areas. Cathepsin D, an acid proteinase, did not show a specific local activity pattern and was not influenced by the augmented growth hormone level in acromegaly, whereas cathepsin B, a neutral proteinase, showed its highest activity in the caudal prolongation and the posterior area and was significantly increased in all areas in acromegaly. Beta-hexosaminidase activity was highest in the central and posterior area and caudal prolongation of the septum. In acromegaly, a significant increase of its activity was found in the suprapremaxillary and posterior area. Acid phosphatase activity was highest in the caudal prolongation of the septum, but its activity was significantly increased in all tested areas in acromegaly. Alkaline phosphatase activity could only be found in the posterior area and the caudal prolongation in healthy adults. However, in acromegaly this enzyme could be detected in the central area and the posterior end of the suprapremaxillary area suggesting an altered process of mineralization. A distinct local pattern of enzymes related to intercellular substance metabolism and mineralization can be demonstrated in the septal cartilage of healthy adults and acromegalic patients. PMID- 3157034 TI - Lasers in gynecology: an historical/developmental overview. PMID- 3157035 TI - Hematoporphyrin derivative and laser photodynamical reaction in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. AB - This paper reports the use of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) with laser activation in China for the diagnosis and treatment of various kinds of malignant neoplasms. Fluorescence observation for diagnosis was performed for 170 tumors. One hundred and fifty-one (88.8%) fluoresced visably upon excitation with either argon or He-Cd laser light. One hundred and thirty-nine malignant tumors in 136 patients were treated by this method. The percentage of all tumors responding to treatment was 80.6%. Partial to complete response were obtained in 51.1% of the tumors treated. The advantages and disadvantages of this method are discussed. It was found effective in treating various kinds of neoplasms located at different anatomical sites. The penetrating depth of the laser is shallow. This limits its effect and application. A search for new photosensitizing drugs and an increase in the penetrating depth of laser irradiation are urgent goals for further development of this technique. PMID- 3157036 TI - Etodolac: effect on prostaglandin concentrations in gastric mucosa of rats. AB - Etodolac is a structurally novel compound exhibiting potent analgesic and anti inflammatory activity in laboratory animals and man, with excellent G. I. tolerance. Like other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) etodolac inhibits prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis. In view of the cytoprotective role of PGE2, we have investigated in normal rats the effect of etodolac on the gastric mucosal concentration of PGE2 as well as of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable metabolite of prostacyclin; naproxen and piroxicam served as reference NSAIDs. The orally effective anti-inflammatory doses in the chronic arthritic rat model (3 mg/kg for etodolac and naproxen; 0.5 mg/kg for piroxicam), and their arbitrarily selected multiples of 10 were used. Rats were killed at 1, 2, 6 and 24 hr after single doses and the PG concentrations were measured by RIA. With the low dose, 2 and 6 hr after dosing, etodolac diminished the PGE2 concentration by 20-25% (vs control) while naproxen and piroxicam caused a fall of 53-65%; the difference between etodolac and the untreated control group is not statistically significant but the difference between etodolac and both piroxicam and naproxen is significant (p less than 0.001). At the high doses, the lowering in PGE2 was similar after all three drugs, i.e. about 70% at 1 and 2 hr; 50% at 6 hr, and 20 50% at 24 hr after dosing. Except for the consistently smaller reduction of concentrations after etodolac, the effects on 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentration followed a similar pattern but the differences are not significant. The lack of the G.I. irritation of etodolac in rats and man at therapeutically effective doses may be attributed to the benefits of the relatively short-lived and slight decrease in gastric mucosal PGE2 concentrations found in this study. PMID- 3157037 TI - Vasodilatory and diuretic actions of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP). AB - Vascular and diuretic actions of synthetic alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) were studied using anesthetized dogs and isolated canine arterial strip preparations. alpha-hANP, when given intra-arterially or intravenously, dilated the renal artery more selectively than the vertebral, femoral, common carotid and coronary arteries. alpha-hANP selectively relaxed the high K+-contracted renal artery strip as compared with the basilar, coronary and femoral arterial strips. Intravenous alpha-hANP also increased urine volume and urinary excretion of electrolytes at doses, at which it increased renal blood flow and lowered systemic blood pressure without changing heart rate. It is concluded that alpha-hANP has a vasodilatory property relatively specific for the renal artery, and that it possesses diuretic, natriuretic, kaliuretic, magnesiuretic, calciuretic and chloruretic activities concomitantly with a definite hypotensive activity. PMID- 3157038 TI - Comparison of anti-inflammatory compounds in the carrageenan induced paw edema model and the reversed passive Arthus model utilizing the same animal. AB - In order to better define antiinflammatory activity in new agents, a test was devised utilizing both carrageenan induced paw edema and the reversed passive Arthus reaction in the same animal. The model of carrageenan induced rat paw edema is a standard laboratory assay used to predict classical "aspirin-like" antiinflammatory molecules. The reversed passive cutaneous Arthus reaction involves precipitating antigen-antibody complexes, complement and infiltrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's) and can be used to identify agents that affect one or more of these factors specifically. Antiinflammatory compounds were given orally one hour prior to the administration of carrageenan and goat anti rat serum. Comparisons were made between several non-steroidal compounds and the steroid hydrocortisone. All of the compounds tested gave good carrageenan activity, but only hydrocortisone produced significant Arthus lesion inhibition in this assay. PMID- 3157039 TI - Atrial natriuretic factor. AB - Mammalian atria contain different peptides with potent diuretic, natriuretic, smooth muscle relaxing and blood pressure lowering properties. A preprohormone of these peptides is synthetized and stored in specific granules in atrial myocytes. Different peptides have been isolated, analyzed and in vitro synthetized. Their biological activity indicates a potential role in the regulation of volume and sodium homeostasis as well as in blood pressure regulation. PMID- 3157040 TI - Affective beneficence of vigorous physical activity. AB - Vigorous exercise is associated with a sensation of well-being, and this subjective state has been objectively quantified with psychometric, cardiovascular, and neurophysiological data. Reductions in state anxiety have been demonstrated to follow acute physical activity, and this response persists for 2-5 h. Chronic physical activity has been associated with reductions in anxiety and depression, as well as increases in self-esteem. This research has been limited to designs of a correlational nature, and the issue of causality vs mere association has not been resolved or addressed. Three hypotheses based upon distraction, monoamine metabolism, and endorphin release are discussed in this paper. Investigators have traditionally attempted to illustrate the mechanism involved in improved mood following exercise by testing one of these or related hypotheses, but it is likely that advances will not be made in this area until these hypotheses are examined in a multiple or synergistic manner. It is concluded that each of the hypotheses reviewed remains tenable. PMID- 3157041 TI - Interaction of an antimutator gene with DNA repair pathways in Escherichia coli K 12. AB - A mutation in the purB gene of E. coli K-12, isolated and partially characterized by Geiger and Speyer (1977), confers a temperature sensitive requirement for adenine and an antimutator phenotype at 30 degrees C. Several hypotheses about the mechanism of action of this mutation, named mud for mutation defective, were tested in the present work. The mud mutation has no effect upon the induction of the SOS response, so the antimutator phenotype is unlikely to be due to repression of mutagenic repair. Mud cells are resistant to the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of alkylating agents such as MNNG, but this resistance is not due simply to derepression of the adaptive response. DNA isolated from mud cells is not undermethylated relative to DNA from purB+ cells, so the antimutator phenotype of mud cannot be due to reduced hotspot base-substitution mutation at methylated cytosine residues. Nor is there a longer lag in post-replicative DNA methylation, which indicates that there is no enhancement of mismatch repair resulting from an extended time window for strand discrimination. Measurement of nucleotide pool levels demonstrated an elevation of dCTP in mud cells and a reduction of all other nucleoside triphosphates. PMID- 3157042 TI - Chemonucleolysis for sciatica and low back pain. PMID- 3157044 TI - [Relations of tumor-specific cytotoxicity to nonspecific immunological parameters and to clinical course in various surgical cancer patients]. AB - Human malignant cells, obtained from surgical specimens or pleuro-peritoneal exudate in 105 cases, were cultivated. Tumor-specific immunity was estimated by cytotoxicity assay using mixed autologous lymphocyte-tumor cell culture in 27 cases (40 times in all). Relations of the observed specific immunity to various nonspecific immunological parameters and to clinical responses to immunotherapy were examined. Positive reaction was observed in 14 examinations. Eight of 25 digestive tract cancers and 6 of 15 other cancers were positive. Cytotoxic activity was significantly higher in the group of favorable clinical response than in the group of progressive disease. In the group of positive cytotoxicity, incidence of clinical response was significantly higher than in the group of negative cytotoxicity. A significant positive correlation was found between cytotoxicity and T cell ratio. Incidence of positive cytotoxicity tended to be higher in the cases of single OK-432 administration (6/11). Incidence of clinical response was higher in the cases of combined OK-432 and PSK administration group (4/14). In the positive cytotoxicity group, 3 examinations showed progressive disease and 5 showed no change. It has been suggested that a higher incidence of favorable clinical response is to be expected in case of positive cytotoxicity, if some therapy will be combined with the conventional immunotherapy. PMID- 3157045 TI - [Immunological analysis of mixed lymphocyte culture reaction inhibitory factor induced by donor specific blood transfusions in potential kidney transplant patients]. AB - There is now overwhelming evidence that preoperative donor specific blood transfusions (DST) improve kidney graft survival remarkably. However, the exact mechanism is as yet unknown. In this study, we compared a DST group with a non DST and investigate the mechanism of the beneficial effect of DST by using MLR, CML, and the MLR inhibition test. In the DST group, the severity of acute rejection and MLR reactivity was decreased after DST in most cases, but there was no such tendency in CML reaction. In the MLR inhibition test, the MLR serum inhibitory factor was induced in 70% of the cases (7 out of 10) received 3 times of DST. All of them were directed against recipient cell (auto-lymphocyte) and not to the blood donor cell and its activity was found in IgG fraction. The specificity to the stimulator cell was also found in 43% (3 out of 7). The results of MLR inhibition tests were well correlated with clinical findings and changes of MLR and CML. In positive cases of MLR inhibition tests, acute rejection occurred in 14% (1 out of 7), CML decreased in all (3 out of 3) and MLR decreased in 83% (5 out of 6) after DST. On the contrary, in negative cases, acute rejection occurred in 67% (2 out of 3), CML increased in all (3 out of 3) and MLR increased in 67% (2 out of 3). These results suggested that antibodies directed against recognition sites on auto-lymphocytes, so called anti-idiotypic antibodies, will be induced by 3 DST and play an important role in the prolongation of graft survival. PMID- 3157046 TI - Interaction of phenylglyoxal with the human erythrocyte (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase. Evidence for the presence of an essential arginyl residue. AB - Incubation of human erythrocyte membranes with phenylglyoxal irreversibly inhibited (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity in a pseudo-first order manner, but followed overall second order kinetics. The enzyme exhibited a low affinity ATP binding site with a Km of approximately 125 microM. The effects of the inhibitor could be markedly diminished if ATP was also present during phenylglyoxalation. This indicated that phenylglyoxal and ATP were binding at the same site on the enzyme. The concentration-dependent inactivation reduced both the Vmax and the Km of the enzyme, but did not change the apparent affinity for Ca2+. Because ATP could protect against inactivation in the absence of Ca2+ and Mg2+, we suggest that free ATP can bind at the low affinity site. The modified enzyme was still capable of being activated by calmodulin. Our data indicate that only the ATP site was affected by the inhibitor, whereas the Ca2+ sites were not. Since it is established that phenylglyoxal can react with arginyl residues, we conclude that the binding of the ATP to the low affinity site on the human erythrocyte (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase involves such a residue. PMID- 3157047 TI - Complexes prepared from protein A and human serum, IgG, or Fc gamma fragments: characterization by immunochemical analysis of ultracentrifugation fractions and studies on their interconversion. AB - Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus is an Fc receptor for IgG that has been used as a therapeutic reagent to treat cancer in humans and experimental animals. We used ultracentrifugation combined with analysis of isolated fractions by radioimmunoprecipitation and competitive radioimmunoassay with chicken antibodies that bind free protein A or protein A in complexes but do bind free immunoglobulin reagents to localize and characterize the types of complexes formed with different molar ratios of 125I-protein A and human 131I-IgG alone or in serum, and 131I-Fc gamma fragments. This approach offers a distinct advantage over direct counting of radioactivity in the fractions because resolution of complexes and free reagents is much improved. With excess 131I-IgG or 131I-Fc, all the 125I-protein A is present only in complexes that contained 4 molecules of immunoglobulin reagent and 2 molecules of protein A (4:2 complexes), whereas with excess 125I-protein A the stoichiometry of the complexes was 1:1. We have also shown the preformed 4:2 and 1:1 complexes will interconvert in the presence of added excess protein A or IgG, respectively, and that fresh IgG will exchange with IgG or Fc gamma in preformed complexes. Because protein A has been found to elute from an immobilized reagent used in serotherapy of human cancer and is present in a large excess of IgG, the 4:2 complexes may play an active role in the tumoricidal or toxic reactions observed. PMID- 3157048 TI - Plasminogen activator and protease inhibitor activities in isolated rat thymocytes. AB - Plasminogen Activator (PA) and its response to glucocorticoids and androgens was studied in viable rat thymocytes in suspension. PA was measured by its ability to convert plasminogen to plasmin, and the formed plasmin determined by cleavage of 14C-labeled globin. Using this functional assay, PA was found to be associated with the outer surface of thymic cells, and only negligible activity recovered from the incubation medium. Rat thymocytes also contain cytoplasmic and nuclear inhibitor(s) of the serine proteases plasmin, trypsin, chymotrypsin and thymic PA. Release of these inhibitors prevented determination of thymic PA activity in presence of lysed cells. The specific activity of PA in thymocytes isolated from adrenalectomized-castrated rats did not differ significantly from the specific activity associated with cells from intact animals. Furthermore, treatment of adrenalectomized-castrated rats with 0.1 mg of dexamethasone/kg for 2 days induced thymic involution without affecting thymic PA activity. These observations suggest that PA activity of thymocytes is not involved in glucocorticoid-mediated thymic involution. PMID- 3157043 TI - Polyamines in microorganisms. PMID- 3157050 TI - Relationship between structural and ionic changes in cardiosclerosis. AB - The parallelism between hypoxic changes in the myocardium revealed by Lie's technique and by fluorescence microscopy and the ionic changes (Na+, K+, Ca2+) was studied in 51 autopsy cases. The Lie technique was positive in 52.6 per cent of the cases of cardiosclerosis with myocardial infarction and in 15 per cent of the cases of cardiosclerosis without infarction, while fluorescent areas were found in all cases of infarction and in 35 per cent of cardiosclerosis cases without infarction. Na+ and K+ were decreased and Ca2+ ions were increased in both ventricles and in both sexes, both in infarctions and in cardiosclerosis cases without infarction. Ionic changes are more probably related to the intensity of cardiosclerosis rather than to age or sex. PMID- 3157049 TI - Contributions to the evolutionary study of the liver afferent veins. AB - The extra- and intrahepatic venous afferent devices have been followed up in their evolution in all the classes of vertebrates and in man. There were studied 319 cases in 19 vertebrate species, in situ by the method of corrosion preparates with acid-resistant plastic materials or radiographies. The extraparenchymal afferent venous device shows an evolution characterized by the maintenance and improvement of the visceral hepatic venous system and by the gradual freeing of somatic parietal afferences, substantiating new anatomical notions like "liver visceralization", "hepatic parietal territories" and allowed the ascertainment of an evolutionary phyletic line of the liver based on the progressive diminution of the hepatic parietal territory. The basic characteristic type of intrahepatic distribution of the portal vein was sketched beginning with the testudine reptiles and was maintained including man. The liver segmentary angioarchitecture appeared already in birds. These findings allowed the homologation of the cleaved liver with the unitary liver of mammals and man as well as the homologation of the hepatic organ of mammals, birds and of some reptiles, and the understanding of the emergence variation of the portal vein ventrocranialis dexter. PMID- 3157051 TI - Cytochemical detection of estrogen receptors in mammary tumours. AB - The technical details of a cytochemical method for estrogen receptor identification in mammary tumours are presented and applied in 19 carcinomas and six adenofibromas. A fluorescent estradiol conjugate was used as receptor tracer. From the 19 mammary carcinomas, six were interpreted as estrogen receptor negative (ER-), two were strongly receptor-positive (ER++) and eleven were moderately estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), having cells with a heterogeneous content of estrogen receptors. In fibroadenomas, the proliferating epithelia were moderately estrogen-receptor positive. PMID- 3157052 TI - Histopathology of tumorous ribs: a review of 130 cases. AB - There were studied histopathologically 130 tumorous ribs out of 167 tumoral processes of the thoracal wall (77 per cent) and representing about 2 per cent of all the neoplasms studied between 1949 and 1984. There were distinguished 50 malignant primary tumors (Ewing's sarcomas, Parker-Jackson's reticulosarcomas, endotheliosarcomas, low differentiated myelosarcomas and myelomas, osteogenic sarcomas, chondro- and osteochondrosarcomas, and fibrosarcomas), 45 secondary (metastatic) malignant tumors of ribs out of which 32 (75 per cent) originated from lung cancers, and 35 benign lesions (osteoclastomas, chondromas and osteochondromas, fibromas and osteofibromas, eosinocytic histiocytomas, and various osteodystrophies). Morphological differentiating criteria were discussed for each group. There were analysed, when possible, the ways of rib involvement by neighbouring processes, especially the periosteum relationships with the soft tissues of the thoracal wall and with vessels and pleura. Some histogenetic problems were also emphasized. PMID- 3157053 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges induced by sarcolysine in human lymphocytes in vitro. AB - The effect of three concentrations of sarcolysine (0.5 micrograms/ml, 1 microgram/ml and 2 micrograms/ml) on the sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) was investigated in human lymphocytes in vitro. A dose related increase in SCEs frequencies was observed after sarcolysine administration and also a delayed development of cell cycle has been induced by the two last concentrations. The variation range of SCEs per cell was dose-dependent and it was considered to represent the acquired genetic instability induced by the drug. PMID- 3157054 TI - Structure of the osseous callus formed under electric stimulation. An experimental histological study. AB - The study tried to evidence histologically, histometrically and mechanically the comparative qualities of the osseous callus experimentally formed in dogs and rabbits under the influence of an electric stimulation. The materials were decalcified or polished, and the collagen network and the Haversian systems analysed in the callus. The tearing strength in kg-power on the surface unity of the osseous tissue was measured using the EDZ 20 apparatus. The results indicated that the osseous tissue formed under electric stimulation had a structure and a tearing strength similar to that of controls, and that the consolidation time of fractures is reducing. PMID- 3157055 TI - Effect of alcoholization upon the maternal and fetal hepatic DNA and the maternal serum-proteins in pregnant albino rats. AB - Experiments were performed on pregnant albino rats (Wistar strain) of 150-200 g b.w. Biochemical investigations involved the determination of maternal and fetal hepatic DNA content (Spirin's method), of maternal serum proteins (total protein content and electrophoretic fractions). The mean litter size, early resorptions, fetal mortality, and some biochemical data of fetuses were also determined. The main statements were as follows: The chronic, peroral administration of 20% ethanol to pregnant albino rats before and during pregnancy induced changes of the biosynthesis of hepatic DNA: a nonsignificant increase as compared with the control group was recorded. The control of serum proteins revealed an increase of the total protein content and of the total electrophoretic serumglobulin fractions. Within the globulin fraction, a hyper-alpha-globulinemia, and a hypo beta and gamma globulinemia were detected. In the fetuses of the experimental group a slight but statistically significant increase of the hepatic DNA content appeared. In the experimental group the early resorption rate (10.97%) and the fetal mortality (2.43%) was increased in comparison with the control group (0%). In the alcoholized mothers a nonsignificant decrease of the crown-rump length and a significant decrease of fetal and placental weight could be observed. PMID- 3157056 TI - A common pathway for protection of bacteria against damage by solar UVA (334 nm, 365 nm) and an oxidising agent (H2O2). AB - Pre-exposure of growing bacterial populations to low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) protects a repair-proficient strain of Escherichia coli (AB1157) very strongly and a rec A strain (AB2463) to a lesser extent from the lethal action of subsequent exposure to 5 mM H2O2 in buffer. The conditioning procedure also protects AB1157 and AB2463 from the toxic effects of UVA (334 nm, 365 nm) radiation but not UVB (313 nm) or UVC (254 nm) radiations. Pretreatment of growing AB1157 with low fluences of UVA (365 nm) radiation leads to the induction of resistance to H2O2, an effect which apparently requires protein synthesis. As in a previous report, the treatment of growing populations with low concentrations of H2O2 enhanced the resistance of such populations to H2O2 challenge in the growth medium. However, when H2O2 (+ Cu2+)-treated bacteriophage were subsequently infected into AB1157 under optimal inducing conditions, their resistance was not enhanced relative to infection into untreated bacteria. We conclude that the primary mechanism for the inducible effects observed could be the induction of H2O2 scavenging activity by low concentrations of H2O2 either introduced into the growth medium directly or produced by low fluences of UVA irradiation. PMID- 3157058 TI - Renal revascularization for hypertension with azotemia. PMID- 3157057 TI - Weigle reactivation of phage lambda in a recA mutant of Escherichia coli: dependence on the excess amounts of photoreactivating enzyme in the dark. AB - The plating efficiency of ultraviolet-light-irradiated phage lambda in the dark is increased when an Escherichia coli recA host, which is transformed with a multicopy plasmid, pKY1, carrying the phr gene of E. coli, is irradiated with 254 nm UV prior to infection (Weigle (W) reactivation). Such W reactivation in lexA3 and umuC strains, with or without pKY1, is almost undetectable. Addition of umu mutations to recA56/pKY1 cells blocks this process, but addition of the lexA3 mutation instead gives high levels of W reactivation. Fusion of the lacZ gene with recA or umuC promoters permitted measurement of the effects of UV radiation on transcription of these SOS operons for various mutated cells, with and without the phr+ plasmid. The presence of the recA56 allele totally abolishes UV induction of both recA and umuC gene expression in the cells, both with and without the plasmid. Thus, the observed W reactivation in the recA strain carrying the phr+ plasmid requires only the constitutive amount of the Umu proteins, and does not require the lexA+ recA+-dependent inducible process. While we observed an increase in the W reactivation of UV-irradiated lambda phage in a recA56/pKY1 cell, there is no corresponding mutagenesis of the UV-irradiated phage in UV-irradiated cells. We propose that the E. coli phr gene product facilitates error-free pathways of DNA repair in the absence of photoreactivation. The fact that a recA/pKY1 strain permits almost normal levels of W reactivation, but completely blocks W mutagenesis, leads us further to suggest that the recA gene product, in general, functions in a regulatory manner in W reactivation and in both regulatory and mechanistic ways in W mutagenesis. PMID- 3157059 TI - Life extension. PMID- 3157060 TI - Plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic factor in a patient with paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. PMID- 3157061 TI - Blood volume regulation. On the right lines at last? PMID- 3157063 TI - Thymic epithelium and the induction of transplantation tolerance in nude mice. AB - Immunological tolerance of self has been studied experimentally by the induction of unresponsiveness to antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in neonatal mice. The specific unresponsiveness resulting from such neonatal tolerance induction is first demonstrable in the thymus, suggesting that neonatal tolerance is induced by some cellular component of the thymus, or at some prethymic stage. Recent transplantation studies suggest that thymic epithelium, derived by organ culturing fetal mouse thymus in the presence of deoxyguanosine, survives in an allogeneic host environment despite the continued expression of MHC donor antigens, but fails to induce allotolerance. We demonstrate here that embryonic thymus lobes organ cultured at 24 degrees C, a treatment that deletes the lymphohaematopoietic component of thymus leaving the epithelial matrix intact, when transplanted to intact histoincompatible recipients, similarly survive for a prolonged period and do not induce tolerance to donor MHC antigens. However, when such culture-derived thymic epithelium is allografted to athymic nude mice, host-derived lymphocytes from both the epithelial graft and recipient spleen are unresponsive to the MHC antigens of the epithelial donor. The results suggest that, when investigated in a system which precludes the possible involvement of extrinsic mature T cells, processed by the syngeneic host thymus, thymic epithelium may induce transplantation tolerance. PMID- 3157062 TI - Atrial natriuretic factor--a circulating hormone stimulated by volume loading. AB - The cardiocytes of mammalian cardiac atria contain granules very similar to those in endocrine cells. The number of these atrial granules is related directly to salt loading and blood volume. Furthermore, crude extracts of rat atria and granule preparations have powerful natriuretic and diuretic effects. These effects are mediated by peptides identified previously as atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). The peptides are derived from a common precursor, whose structure has been elucidated recently. Although there is indirect evidence from morphological studies that at least some of these peptides may be released into the blood and function as hormones, their presence in the blood has not yet been demonstrated. Here we describe a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for ANF and its stimulation on volume loading. PMID- 3157064 TI - A paradox: the 5-HT2-receptor antagonist ketanserin restores the 5-HT-induced contraction depressed by methysergide in large coronary arteries of calf. Allosteric regulation of 5-HT2-receptors. AB - Methysergide depresses the contractile effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in bovine large coronary arteries devoid of endothelium. The IC50 of methysergide for depression of the response to 5-HT was (-log mol/l) 9.8. A low sensitivity contractile effect of 5-HT was not influenced by 1-1,000 nmol/l methysergide. The maximum force of this residual response is approximately 1/3 of the maximum force elicited by 5-HT in the absence of methysergide. Ketanserin restored the 5-HT induced contraction depressed by methysergide. In the presence of 0.1 mumol/l ketanserin, methysergide caused depression of the 5-HT-induced effects with an IC50 (-log mol/l) of 6.5 without affecting the residual response. We propose that methysergide depresses 5-HT-induced contractions by acting on an allosteric site. The effect of binding of methysergide to the allosteric site would lead to a conformational change of the 5-HT2-receptor, thereby only allowing the production of a residual 5-HT-induced contraction. Ketanserin competes with high affinity not only with 5-HT for the 5-HT2-receptor but also with methysergide for the allosteric site, thus shifting the receptor back into its original conformation. The affinity estimate of ketanserin for the allosteric site yielded a KB (-log mol/l) of 10.3. Ketanserin (1-1,000 nmol/l) antagonized the contractile effects of 5-HT with a potency expected from its affinity for 5-HT2-receptors (-log KB, mol/l 9.4). However, micromolar concentrations of ketanserin antagonized the effects of 5-HT less than expected from its affinity for 5-HT2 receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3157066 TI - [Lower backache with fever]. PMID- 3157065 TI - Ketanserin causes surmountable antagonism of 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contractions of large coronary arteries of dog. AB - Large coronary arteries of the dog were contracted with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5 HT). The 5-HT2-receptor antagonist ketanserin antagonized the 5-HT-induced effects. Unlike Brazenor and Angus (Europ J Pharmacol 81:569-576, 1982) who reported insurmountable antagonism of the effects of 5-HT in dog coronaries, we found that the antagonism by ketanserin can be surmounted, provided the concentrations of 5-HT are high enough. Ketanserin also unmasked a saturable component of the 5-HT-induced contractions. Although ketanserin (0.1-1 mumol/l) depressed the maximal force of the saturable component, it did not change its EC50 (-log mol/l 8.0). We conclude that large coronary arteries of dog are contracted by 5-HT mainly through 5-HT2-receptors and to a smaller extent through receptors different from 5-HT2. PMID- 3157067 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty as a new treatment method in pulmonary valve stenosis]. PMID- 3157068 TI - Symposium audience told of urgency of report's findings. Back pain figures are real cause for concern claims research study. PMID- 3157069 TI - Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty for congenital pulmonary valve stenosis. PMID- 3157070 TI - Medroxyprogesterone acetate versus tamoxifen in the therapy of advanced breast cancer. AB - A comparison of efficacies of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and the antiestrogen tamoxifen (TX) in the therapy for advanced breast cancer in patients who had already previously been intensely treated showed that, as to the objective remissions, the two drugs can be looked upon as equivalent. Nevertheless, with MPA a better analgetic and anabolic effect--a marked improvement in the performance status (Karnofsky index)--was achieved. PMID- 3157071 TI - Monitoring of T-lymphocyte regeneration following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation using monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3157072 TI - Reduced alpha-2-antiplasmin levels in the nephrotic syndrome. AB - Venous and arterial thromboembolism frequently complicate the nephrotic syndrome. Increased platelet aggregation, high levels of fibrinogen and other procoagulants, and depressed levels of antithrombin III and plasminogen are commonly cited as reasons. Less attention has been paid to changes in the hemostatic system which might protect against thrombosis. We found a high frequency of reduced alpha 2-antiplasmin levels in 40 patients with nephrotic syndrome, correlating with serum albumin and with antithrombin III levels. Since alpha 2-antiplasmin is a major determinant of the sensitivity of fibrin thrombi to lysis, and since reduced levels would be expected to promote fibrinolysis, we conclude that in many patients with nephrotic syndrome depressed antiplasmin levels may help reduce the risk of thrombosis posed by diminished antithrombin III levels. PMID- 3157074 TI - Fusion transfer of dopamine DA1 receptors to Friend erythroleukemia cells. AB - Dopamine DA1 receptors were transferred from rat striatal membranes to Friend erythroleukemia cells (Fc) by membrane fusion. The Fc cells lack DA1 receptors but have a functional adenylate cyclase system. The striatal membranes bearing DA1 receptors were treated with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) prior to fusion to inactivate their intrinsic adenylate cyclase activity. Fusion of the NEM-treated membranes and the Fc cells was induced by polyethylene glycol treatment to form a functional system de novo, which could be demonstrated by measuring the increase in cAMP production after addition of dopamine. This method provides a possibility to study the functional competence of receptors in neural tissue in more detail. PMID- 3157075 TI - Current approach to tubal anastomosis. PMID- 3157073 TI - Opposing interactions of ionophores (valinomycin and monensin) on calcium ion uptake in rat retinal preparations. AB - Valinomycin is a potent inhibitor of taurine-stimulated ATP-dependent calcium ion uptake in rat retinal membrane preparations but had no effect on ATP-dependent calcium ion uptake in the absence of taurine and no effect on ATP-independent calcium ion uptake. The presence of potassium ions in the buffer systems were required for valinomycin to be inhibitory. On the contrary, monensin stimulated calcium ion uptake in the ATP-dependent system but had no effect on ATP independent calcium ion uptake. The crude retinal homogenate was also fractionated into various subcellular components. The fraction which contained photoreceptor cell synaptosomes (P1) had a higher specific activity for taurine stimulated ATP-dependent calcium ion uptake than the crude homogenate or either the fractions which contained synaptosomes derived from the plexiform layer (P2) or rod outer segments (ROS). No differences in calcium ion uptake were observed in the various subcellular fractions compared to the homogenate when assayed for ATP-dependent calcium ion uptake. Valinomycin inhibited both ATP-dependent and taurine-stimulated ATP-dependent calcium ion uptake in the P1, P2, and ROS fractions while monensin stimulated the ATP-dependent calcium ion uptake in the subcellular fractions. PMID- 3157076 TI - Baby Doe: is there really a problem? AB - A brief survey was done in six major cities of parental complaints about family counseling offered at the time of the birth of a child with Down syndrome. Minimal parental expectations and counseling guidelines are discussed. The need for further parent-professional educational effort is emphasized. PMID- 3157079 TI - Toward prevention and control of occupational back injuries. PMID- 3157078 TI - Athlete's foot: a step forward. PMID- 3157081 TI - Some personal health problems can be mistaken for job-related. PMID- 3157080 TI - Exposure to hot environments can cause dermatological problems. PMID- 3157082 TI - [Occupational rehabilitation of the adult. 1]. PMID- 3157077 TI - Endorphins and parturition. AB - Endorphins and beta-lipotropin have been implicated as the modulators of pain during the labor process. To investigate their possible role during parturition, the present study was undertaken to determine the levels of beta-endorphin, beta endorphinlike immunoactivity, and beta-lipotropin during labor and delivery. Fourteen patients were evaluated at 4 cm dilatation, complete dilatation, at the time of delivery, and immediately postpartum. In addition, samples were obtained from nine nonpregnant control subjects. The venous levels of beta-endorphinlike immunoactivity and beta-lipotropin were determined, and the beta-endorphin level was calculated. The maternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels and the newborn umbilical venous level also were determined in the delivery room. A gradual rise was noted in the beta-endorphin, beta-lipotropin, and beta-endorphinlike immunoactivity values up to the time of delivery. There was noted to be a modest decrease in their levels in the immediate postpartum period. These levels were significantly elevated over control samples for both beta-endorphinlike immunoactivity and beta-lipotropin (P less than .05). Values for beta-endorphin were not significantly different from control levels. In addition, maternal CSF levels were found to show modest elevations above the simultaneously drawn venous specimens. The umbilical cord venous samples drawn at delivery were also higher than the simultaneous maternal venous levels. These values, although elevated over control values, were not statistically different from simultaneously drawn maternal venous levels. PMID- 3157083 TI - [Tasks of the community speech therapy agent in Rhine region]. PMID- 3157084 TI - [The patient in the highly tense atmosphere of institutions. An evaluation of social medicine consultation at a district health office]. PMID- 3157085 TI - [Accidents, purposely caused by another student, in elementary schools in Finland and in the Waldorf School in Helsinki]. PMID- 3157086 TI - [Clinical and forensic evaluation of twilight states]. PMID- 3157087 TI - [Health indications for travel in tropical countries. A pamphlet]. PMID- 3157089 TI - Complex coronary angioplasty I: Branch vessel stenosis and total coronary artery occlusion. PMID- 3157090 TI - The dexamethasone suppression test as a biologic marker of depression in chronic pain. AB - The relationship between chronic pain and depression has become enmeshed in the literature. In an attempt to unravel the relationship between chronic pain and depression, the authors studied a uniform group of 80 chronic back pain patients with and without depression using the dexamethasone suppression test (DST). The DST examines the hypothalamic response to an exogenously administered steroid (dexamethasone) challenge. In normal subjects and patients without major depression, the dexamethasone suppresses the release of cortisol from the adrenal glands. In 40% of patients with major depression, there is an early escape of cortisol from dexamethasone suppression. We found that 40% of patients with a DSM III major depression (dysphoric mood, appetite and sleep changes, loss of energy and interest, decreased concentration, suicidal ideation, and feelings of self reproach) were non-suppressors and none of the patients without major depression showed this abnormality. These findings suggest that the concept of chronic pain as a variant of depression might be an oversimplification. PMID- 3157088 TI - [How early are health disorders in the early statutory detection program for children recognized? An epidemiologic evaluation. I. The first year of life]. PMID- 3157091 TI - The sickness impact profile: a global measure of disability in chronic low back pain. AB - This investigation examines the utility of the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) for assessing disability associated with chronic pain and presents normative data on a sample of 107 patients experiencing chronic low back pain (CLBP). The results support the validity of the SIP as a measure of functional status with CLBP patients. Specifically, the psychosocial dimension was significantly correlated with the emotional distress categories of the MMPI and the physical dimension score was inversely associated with standing/walking and positively correlated with time spent lying down. In addition, the SIP appears to be a measure with sufficient sensitivity to detect pre-/post-treatment changes. Patients suffering from CLBP show significant impairment in physical, psychosocial, and work and recreational activities. The greatest impairment reported was in the area of work, but disability ratings for recreation, home management, social interaction, emotional behavior, and sleep and rest were also comparatively high. Based upon its reliability, validity, breadth of assessment, and ease of administration, the SIP appears to be well suited for the assessment of patients suffering from chronic pain and evaluating the efficacy of multidisciplinary pain units. PMID- 3157092 TI - A comparison of low back pain patients in the United States and New Zealand: psychosocial and economic factors affecting severity of disability. AB - One hundred and ninety-eight patients suffering from chronic low back pain seen at the University of Virginia (U.S.) Pain Center and 117 similar patients seen at the Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (N.Z.) Pain Clinic completed a self report questionnaire prior to beginning comparable outpatient treatment programs. Approximately 55% of the sample from each country returned a follow-up questionnaire 1 year later. Analyses of the results indicated that despite nearly similar between-country reports of pain frequency and intensity, the U.S. patients, both at pre- and post-testing, reported greater emotional and behavioral disruption as a correlate of their pain. U.S. patients consistently used more medication, experienced more disphoric mood states, and were more hampered in social-sexual, recreational, and vocational functioning. Patients from both countries demonstrated a nearly equal degree of pre- to post improvement; however, the relative initial differences favoring the New Zealanders remained constant across both questionnaire administrations. At the onset of treatment, 49% of the U.S. sample and only 17% of the N.Z. patients were receiving pain-related financial compensation. At follow-up, patients from both countries receiving pretreatment compensation were less likely to report a return to full activity, although the relationship appeared more pronounced in U.S. patients. Seemingly, compared to the U.S., the N.Z. compensation-disability system is used less, or for shorter durations of time, resulting in less severe life-style disruption than appears to be the case in the U.S. PMID- 3157093 TI - Diagnostic epidural opioid blockade and chronic pain: preliminary report. AB - A technique is described which helps in the differentiation between pain of a mainly physical (organic) and emotional (psychogenic) basis. This is based upon the patients' subjective response to the epidural administration of fentanyl and placebo agents. Patients initially had both physical and psychological assessment in a multidisciplinary pain management unit and because of doubt of the underlying diagnosis, were subjected to this procedure. Eight patients are described in whom the following solutions were administered at 20 min intervals: 2 aliquots of normal saline (5 ml) via an epidural catheter; 1 microgram/kg fentanyl via the epidural catheter; intravenous naloxone 0.4 mg, then, depending upon results obtained, 15-20 ml 2% plain lignocaine via the epidural catheter. If a patient's visual analogue score decreased following epidural fentanyl and subsequently increased following naloxone, then a predominantly physical basis for the pain was likely. In contrast, little change in visual analogue score following fentanyl and naloxone suggested a diagnosis of a predominantly emotional basis for the pain. The diagnoses were substantiated by subsequent follow-up and treatment. It is suggested that this test has both prognostic and diagnostic value when used in the context of thorough physical and psychologic assessment of a patient with chronic pain. PMID- 3157094 TI - An objective approach to quantifying pain behavior and gait patterns in low back pain patients. AB - Patterns of walking and concomitant pain behavior were compared in a group of chronic low back patients (n = 18) and normal controls (n = 18). Subjects were asked to walk a 5 m course. A transducer placed in the subjects' shoes produced a force proportional signal that permitted measurement of walking parameters. Subjects were videotaped in order to record the occurrence of 5 specific pain behaviors: guarding, bracing, rubbing the painful area, grimacing, and sighing. Data analysis revealed significant differences in walking patterns of the patients and controls. Patients walked more slowly, took shorter steps and did not show the symmetrical gait patterns evident in normal controls. Patients also exhibited much higher levels of pain behavior. The gait of patients receiving disability payments or taking narcotics differed significantly from those who were not. Patients receiving disability payments had significantly longer stride lengths and swing time than patients not receiving disability/financial compensation payments. Patients taking narcotics showed longer single limb support time for the left leg than those who were not. By combining objective measures of gait and motor pain behaviors, clinicians and researchers may be able to more objectively evaluate factors that may affect patient behavior and measure the effects of interventions designed to modify behavior. PMID- 3157095 TI - [Pathogenesis of alcoholic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3157097 TI - Provision of related services for children with chronic disabilities. Committee on Children with Disabilities. PMID- 3157096 TI - Sequential changes in red cell glycolytic enzymes and intermediates and possible control mechanisms in the first two months of postnatal life in lambs. AB - The sequential changes in several glycolytic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycolytic intermediates, and adenosine triphosphate, as well as intracellular pH and plasma inorganic phosphorus were followed simultaneously in eight lambs from birth to 2 months of age. The activities of all glycolytic enzymes and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were elevated at birth. The 2,3 diphosphoglycerate concentration increased markedly postnatally and was associated with a simultaneous increase in the concentrations of red cell glucose 6-phosphate and total triose phosphate and a decrease in intracellular pH. Inorganic phosphorus also increased and correlated with the 2,3 diphosphoglycerate concentration in the first 10 days of postnatal life. The content of red cell 3-phosphoglycerate, 2-phosphoglycerate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and ATP increased slightly. These results suggested increased glycolytic flux through the diphosphoglycerate mutase reaction which resulted in net synthesis of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. The red cell total triose phosphate peaked and fell initially, followed by glucose-6-phosphate and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate suggesting inhibition of phosphofructokinase activity and a decrease in glycolysis secondary to decreased red cell intracellular pH. After 10 days of postnatal life all glycolytic intermediates fell simultaneously, which correlated with a decrease in activity of the glycolytic enzymes. PMID- 3157100 TI - Young adults rather than older children. PMID- 3157098 TI - Grapheme development in handicapped children's drawings. AB - According to F. Olivier children's drawings are composed of basic shapes called graphemes. Three sets of these graphemes develop between the ages of 3 and 5 yr. A cross-cultural study had shown no difference in grapheme development between Turkish and German children. When the drawings of physically handicapped children were compared with those of normally developing children, a significant difference was found in the third step of grapheme development, the production of symmetrical graphemes. Physically handicapped children are retarded by comparison with normally developing ones in rendering graphemes symmetrical. The reason for this might by asymmetry in their body schema. PMID- 3157099 TI - Force generated by non-cycling crossbridges at low ionic strength in skinned smooth muscle from Taenia coli. AB - In skinned smooth muscle preparations of Taenia coli from guinea pig the cyclic actin-myosin-interaction is inhibited to resting levels whereas the force remains high when in the contracted muscle the ionic strength of the incubation solutions is lowered from 65 mM to 18 mM. In accordance with a strongly depressed ATPase activity under these conditions the isotonic shortening velocity is drastically decreased suggesting that crossbridges are not cycling (latch-state). Since the Ca2+ concentration is kept constant (4 X 10(-5) M) and the phosphorylation of the myosin light chain (LC) is found to be unchanged it must be concluded that the formation of latch-bridges is not necessarily dependent on a change in the Ca2+ concentration or the state of phosphorylation. PMID- 3157101 TI - Hospital histories. 4. Normansfield Hospital. PMID- 3157102 TI - Mental handicap nursing. 1. Andrew: a case of Down's syndrome. PMID- 3157105 TI - [Health risks of formaldehyde. An occupational medicine assessment]. PMID- 3157103 TI - [Possibility of prevention of histamine-induced bronchospastic reaction with fenoterol, ipratropium bromide and lidocaine in patients with chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 3157104 TI - Evaluation of the anovulatory patient. When to proceed, when to refer. AB - The anovulatory patient presents the primary care physician with what is often a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. To meet this challenge and avoid doing a disservice to the patient, the physician needs to have both a firm understanding of the disease process and an adequate understanding of available treatment methods. Anovulation must be considered before it can be recognized. Once it is suspected, a thorough yet judicious approach to diagnosis must be undertaken. In these days of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) and prospective reimbursement, a thoughtful, logical, cost-effective approach to the diagnosis of anovulation is more critical than ever. Finally, once the diagnosis is achieved, investigation of the etiologic factor can proceed in an orderly, stepwise fashion. There is no place for a shotgun approach in the work-up of the anovulatory patient. Even more important to the primary care physician is a firm understanding of when to refer. While straightforward aspects of the patient evaluation are best accomplished at the local level (indeed, the tertiary care center could not and should not try to cope with total referral), complex diagnostic and therapeutic regimens should be handled by the reproductive endocrinologist. Patients with hyperprolactinemia, those who have failed ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate (Clomid), those with suspected outflow tract anomalies, and hypoestrogenic patients surely should be evaluated and treated in consultation with the specialist. This approach of careful, efficient initial assessment coupled with appropriate use of the reproductive endocrinologist and tertiary referral center leads to optimum care of the anovulatory patient. PMID- 3157106 TI - [Current status of the therapy of human African trypanosomiasis]. PMID- 3157107 TI - [Postpartum definitive hypothyroidism. 7 cases]. AB - Seven cases of hypothyroidism developed within 6 months of delivery are reported. Radioimmunoassays regularly showed very low thyroxin levels and high thyroid stimulating hormone levels, thus confirming that the thyroid deficiency was of peripheral origin. A significant rise in antimicrosomal or antithyroglobulin antibodies was noted in 5 cases. One patient had HLA-B8 and 4 had HLA-DR3, which was not significantly different from the prevalence in the regional population. In contrast with the transient post-partum hypothyroidism reported mainly in Japan, the condition proved to be permanent in 6 patients followed up for more than two years. The increased frequency of HLA-DR3 and 5 recently described in thyroiditis with transient post-partum thyrotoxicosis was not found in our series. It would appear that pregnancy, which is a period of immune incompetence, may disclose a latent lymphocytic thyroiditis. PMID- 3157108 TI - [Evaluation of the activity and quality of care in a digestive surgery department]. AB - Since 1980, details of all patients operated upon in a digestive surgery unit have been entered on record-cards with the view of obtaining information on the activity of the unit and improving post-operative care. Over a 3-year period, 2005 patients underwent surgery, 25% of them for cancerous lesions. Biliary tract operations (385 patients), fundoplication by the abdominal route for gastro oesophageal reflux (58 patients) and curative resection of the colon for carcinoma (100 patients) were set apart for evaluation. For each of the above pathologies, morbidity, mortality and duration of stay in hospital in cases with uneventful or complicated post-operative course were analyzed. Annual audits of this kind result in accurate evaluation and periodical reappraisal of the therapeutic habits of the medico-surgical team. PMID- 3157110 TI - [Covering sacral and ischiatic loss of substance with musculocutaneous flaps]. AB - Eschars located in the sacral and ischiatic areas raise problems of recovering when much tissue has been lost. The usual techniques, such as dermoepidermal grafts or local skin flaps, are difficult to perform and have a high failure rate. In contrast, musculo-cutaneous flaps are excellent both to fill and to cover the raw areas. Three types of flap have been used successfully by the authors in 12 consecutive patients, some of whom had paraplegia. Two of them involve the greatest gluteal muscle which is divided into two heads according to blood supply. The "butterfly" flap uses the upper heads of the two muscles, on either side of the midline, with the corresponding skin territories ; it is most useful to cover wide sacral areas. In the "pendular" flap, the lower head of one of the greatest gluteal muscles is mobilized to cover a moderate loss of tissue in the ischiatic area. Finally, the "kite" flap concept is based on bringing up the ischio-crural muscles to cover wide ischiatic eschars. PMID- 3157109 TI - [Lipomyxosarcoma of the pulmonary veins extending into the left atrium. Repetitive surgical treatment]. AB - The case reported here of a 54-year old woman with lipomyxosarcoma of the pulmonary veins successfully excised is the first in the literature. The initial symptoms were febrile left ventricular failure with pulmonary oedema and haemoptysis. The diagnosis was made by angiocardiography. The tumour was excised in two stages: cardiac first, under cardiopulmonary bypass, then thoracic with left pneumonectomy. Two years after surgery, the patient is in good condition without chemotherapy. PMID- 3157111 TI - [Spontaneous left hepatectomy caused by the safety-belt]. PMID- 3157113 TI - [Is capillaroscopy important in venous insufficiency of the legs?]. PMID- 3157112 TI - [Combination of lys-plasminogen and urokinase in subpopliteal acute ischemia. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3157114 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in carbon monoxide poisoning. A theoretically justified but practically debatable therapy]. PMID- 3157115 TI - [Method of spread of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a neonatology unit]. PMID- 3157117 TI - [Panhypopituitarism after radiotherapy. Ovulation induction using a gonadoliberin pump]. PMID- 3157116 TI - [Cushing's disease caused by probable pituitary microadenoma associated with an intrasellar arachnoidal diverticulum]. PMID- 3157118 TI - [Typhoid fever from Salmonella typhi carrying the Hz66 antigen. The 1st French case]. PMID- 3157119 TI - [Blood phosphorus on admission to intensive care. Impact of the simultaneous evaluation of arterial pH]. PMID- 3157120 TI - [Reversible neurologic toxicity of buflomedil overdosage]. PMID- 3157121 TI - [The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3157122 TI - [Phenolization of the lumbar sympathetic chain]. PMID- 3157123 TI - [Responsibility of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in the occurrence of glioblastoma]. PMID- 3157125 TI - [French, European and international medical and scientific congresses and meetings from 1985 through 1988]. PMID- 3157124 TI - [Selective increase in aromatic amino acids in alcoholic cirrhosis]. PMID- 3157126 TI - [Should menopause be treated?]. PMID- 3157127 TI - [Psychic disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus. Prospective study of 35 cases]. AB - In the prospective study reported, 35 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus underwent thorough psychiatric examination. They were divided into three groups according to whether their psychiatric symptoms were acute (10 patients), subacute (9 patients) or non-existent (16 patients). Particular attention was paid to such factors as obstetrical events (pregnancy, spontaneous or induced abortion), history of psychiatric disorders, emotional traumas and treatment with corticosteroids. The overall incidence of psychiatric symptoms was high (54%), mainly due to isolated depressive states (37%). The only significant contributing factors were a personal history of psychiatric disorders (p = 0.001) and emotional traumas (p = 0.0004). There was no difference between the three groups as regards the distribution, dosage and duration of corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 3157128 TI - [Vindesine in oral cancers]. AB - Vindesine, a vinblastine derivative, was evaluated in 36 patients with malignant tumours of the buccal cavity previously untreated. Vindesine was used (1) pre operatively, in short, weekly intravenous courses for 1 to 3 weeks and (2) prior to radiotherapy of inoperable tumours, in prolonged treatments, either by bolus i.v. injections with vein washing weekly or, in case of failure, by continuous i.v. infusion over 5 days. In the first group major responses were obtained in 22.2% of the cases. In the second group only 1 of 18 patients responded to weekly injections, whereas 3 out of 10 patients responded to continuous infusion (including one complete remission), showing that this mode of administration was more effective than bolus injections. Toxic reactions to the drug are discussed. Venous damage was the predominant complication of continuous infusion. PMID- 3157129 TI - [Gynecological infections caused by Haemophilus influenza in adults. 3 cases]. AB - Three cases, recently observed, of non-obstetrical gynaecological infections in adults caused by Haemophilus influenzae have prompted us to reconsider this rare pathology. Non-encapsulated strains of H. influenzae, particularly those belonging to biotype IV, might have special affinity and virulence for the genital tract. It seems, therefore, that such strains should systematically be looked for in samples collected from genital organs. PMID- 3157130 TI - [Complications of mitral valve prolapse]. AB - Mitral valve prolapse, usually a benign condition, is aggravated in 15% of the cases by one or the other of five different complications. Mitral regurgitation may develop progressively or abruptly following rupture of the chordae tendinae and requiring prompt surgical repair. Bacterial endocarditis has been observed in 2.9% of the cases, hence the need for preventive antibiotic therapy prior to dental treatments or surgical operations in patients with holosystolic or end systolic mitral murmur. Among arrhythmias, only ventricular extrasystoles (which are frequent and most often occur in pairs or salvos or are polymorphous) tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation may be considered as true complications of mitral valve prolapse and should be treated initially with beta-blockers. Sudden death is the major complication encountered in 1.4 to 2.4% of the patients; particularly exposed are women around 40 years of age who previously experienced syncopes or episodes of faintness due to attacks of tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Ophthalmic or cerebral ischaemic accidents occur with an incidence of 3.5%; some 20 to 30% of subjects under 45 who suffer from these accidents present with mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 3157131 TI - [Viral hepatitis in pregnancy and materno-fetal transmission of the B virus]. AB - Acute viral hepatitis is the most common cause of jaundice in pregnant women. In Western Europe and North America acute hepatitis is equally frequent and severe during and outside pregnancy, whereas its frequency and severity are higher during pregnancy in developing countries. The foetal prognosis is dependent upon the severity of the disease in the mother; there is no increase in the incidence of congenital malformations or mongolism. The mode of transmission of hepatitis B virus from mother to foetus is well known. The risk is particularly high in HBe Ag-positive women. In the majority of cases the disease is transmitted during labour or by maternal nursing after birth. Transmission through milk is of minor importance and transmission before birth is rare. It is now possible to prevent maternal foetal transmission by giving infants of HBs Ag-positive mothers an injection of anti-HBs gammaglobulins at birth and by vaccinating them against hepatitis B virus in the same way as adults. Neonates respond well to vaccination. These prophylactic measures offer hopes of eradicating chronic hepatitis, virus-induced cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID- 3157132 TI - [Partial disarterialization of the spleen and partial splenectomy in children]. AB - Splenic hyperactivity can be reduced by partial vascular disconnection of the spleen or by partial splenectomy. The first method, which preserves only one superior polar artery and the whole venous system, was used in 6 patients, and the second method, which preserves a small portion of the spleen, usually fed by an inferior polar artery, was used in 11 patients. Ultrasonographic and scintigraphic measurements of the spleen, platelet counts, transfusion quotient and 51 Cr-labelled red cell survival were used to evaluate the effects of these two methods. No immediate post-operative complication was observed. PMID- 3157133 TI - [Severe water intoxication in a healthy subject following acute polydypsia]. PMID- 3157134 TI - [Trigeminal sensory neuropathy disclosing sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3157135 TI - [A new case of eosinophilic fasciitis with bone marrow aplasia. Cure by high doses of corticoids]. PMID- 3157136 TI - [Use of chromosome Y-specific DNA molecular probes for determination of the fetal sex during the 1st trimester of pregnancy]. PMID- 3157137 TI - [The need for a strict quality control of components of insulin pumps]. PMID- 3157138 TI - [Absorption of oral vancomycin in inflammatory colitis]. PMID- 3157139 TI - [Drug runner's syndrome. A case due to heroin]. PMID- 3157140 TI - [Endocarditis in Barlow's disease. Value of two-dimensional echography]. PMID- 3157141 TI - [Encephalopathy with asterixis induced by sodium valproate. Role of hyperammonemia without hepatic insufficiency]. PMID- 3157142 TI - [Drug-induced photosensitization localized at skin areas previously treated by PUVA therapy]. PMID- 3157143 TI - [Early detection of vascular perforations during catheterization of the subclavian vein]. PMID- 3157144 TI - [New prospects for microbiological diagnosis: characterization of soluble microbial antigens]. PMID- 3157145 TI - [Colonic cancers. Results of surgical treatment and prognosis. 579 cases]. AB - Between 1964 and 1981, 579 patients were operated upon for carcinoma of the colon. Hepatic and/or peritoneal metastases were present in 17.3%. Excision was performed in 530 cases (91.5%). Carcinomas of the left colon were usually treated by segmental resection. The peritoneum and lymph nodes were involved in 21.7% and 31% respectively of the patients who underwent resection. There were 6 post operative deaths: 2 after exploratory or derivative surgery and 4 after excision of the tumour. All but 8 of the 395 patients operated upon before 1978 were followed up; 229 survived for more than 5 years, 58% of all operated patients and 63.6% of those who had their tumour excised. The 5-year survival rate was 6% after palliative excision and 73.6% after curative excision (caecum and ascending colon: 81%; transverse colon: 83%; descending colon: 65%; sigmoid flexure: 70.7%). Tumoral invasion in depth and lymph node involvement had a significant influence on prognosis. Based on Dukes' classification, the 5-year survival rates for stages A, B, C and D tumours were 89%, 75.4%, 54% and 6% respectively. The time elapsed between the first symptoms and the operation did not alter the prognosis which was slightly better in women and in young patients. PMID- 3157146 TI - [Does prolactin have a role in the physiopathology of luteal insufficiency?]. AB - A TRH-test was performed in 305 normoprolactinemic patients with gynecological disorders in order to appreciate the possible relationship between luteal defect, anovulation, galactorrhea and prolactin. The basal prolactin mean values of each group (normal cycle, pure luteal defect, luteal defect with persistent estrogenic influence, anovulation: with or without galactorrhea) were not different. However, some patients with luteal defect with persistent estrogenic influence and galactorrhea had an exaggerated response to TRH, and women with oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea had a low one. Unapparent hyperprolactinemia appears infrequent in normoprolactinemic patients. PMID- 3157148 TI - [Fatal hypoxemia following extracorporeal circulation for aortocoronary bypass. A case]. AB - A lethal case of acute respiratory distress syndrome of the adult following extracorporeal circulation for aorto-coronary bypass is reported. This case illustrates the two mechanisms currently thought to be responsible for this pathology: (1) the passage of blood over the synthetic fibres of the cardiopulmonary bypass machine activates the complement, and the systemic inflammatory reaction that ensues accounts for the increased permeability of the alveolar capillary membrane; (2) the haemodilution inherent in extracorporeal circulation explains the hypoproteinaemia usually observed at the end of the procedure; the resulting fall in capillary osmotic pressure upsets the equilibrium of pressures in the capillary vessels. PMID- 3157147 TI - [The paraneoplastic syndrome in nasopharynx cancer. 32 cases]. AB - Thirty-two cases of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma are reported. The prevalence of the syndrome in young subjects was striking: 29 of the patients were under 25 years of age. Seventeen presented with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, 13 with clubbing of the fingers, 1 with dermatomyositis and 1 with myelemia due to excessive production of bone marrow cells. Twenty-eight patients had metastases which involved the lung in 24. These pulmonary metastases are held responsible for the osteoarticular paraneoplastic syndrome, but in our 4 patients without metastases the syndrome was probably caused by the primary tumour itself. PMID- 3157149 TI - [Immunoregulatory aspects of placental function]. AB - An immunological response from mother to foetus is known to exist during pregnancy. Multiple mechanism ensure that this response is not one of rejection but of "tolerance" of the foetus, and the placenta, as the site of maternal foetal exchanges, plays a prominent role in this respect: (1) the placenta cell bears foetal antigens, half of which are of paternal origin; it constitutes therefore the antigenic stimulus of maternal immune response; (2) this response can be modulated quantitatively through placental hormones and glycoproteins - an action which has been demonstrated in vitro but which may well take place at utero-placental level; (3) finally, the placenta can act qualitatively on the maternal response itself by reducing cytotoxic reactions responsible for graft rejection and by stimulating immunosuppressor cell populations. The therapeutic applications of some of these properties of the placenta are being investigated in the fields of rheumatology and renal transplantation. They will be considered in obstetrics only when more precise data are available concerning the immunopathological mechanisms involved in spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia and foetal growth retardation. PMID- 3157150 TI - [Syringoperitoneal shunting]. AB - In the technique of syringoperitoneal shunting described, a small diameter silicone catheter with lateral openings is introduced through the spinal cord into the lower part of the syringomyelic cavity, then connected to a standard peritoneal shunt tube. Six patients were operated upon using this technique. No major post-operative complication was observed; one patient stabilized and 5 rapidly and distinctly improved. The best results were obtained in patients with sensory loss or arthropathy. It seems rational to apply this technique to active syringomyelia. Permanent shunting maintains low pressure in the cavity and attenuates the effects of sudden, physiological rises in CSF pressure, thus preventing progressive dissection of the nervous tissue. PMID- 3157151 TI - [Monoclonal gammopathy and infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 3157152 TI - [Trial of thyrotropin-releasing factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. PMID- 3157153 TI - [Primary malignant lymphoma of the thyroid]. PMID- 3157154 TI - [Acute tubulo-interstitial nephropathy associated with ingestion of sulfinpyrazone]. PMID- 3157155 TI - [Multi-antibiotic-resistant pneumococcus. A new case]. PMID- 3157156 TI - [Treatment of acute graft versus host reactions with high doses of corticoids]. PMID- 3157157 TI - [Unusual neurologic manifestation of anguilluliasis]. PMID- 3157158 TI - [Gastric polyps in familial adenomatous rectocolonic polyposis]. PMID- 3157159 TI - [Role of intravenous fibrinolysis and endoluminal dilatation in the acute phase of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3157160 TI - [Neonatal subrenal abdominal aortic thrombosis. Recovery following urokinase]. PMID- 3157161 TI - [Neoplastic graft on an ileocystoplasty]. PMID- 3157162 TI - [Prenatal cardiology]. PMID- 3157163 TI - [Evaluation of erythrocyte survival by the determination of glycosylated hemoglobin. Clinical value]. AB - In normoglycaemic subjects the haemoglobin glycosylation rate primarily depends on duration of erythrocyte life. Measurements of glycosylated haemoglobin therefore can be used to evaluate erythrocyte life. Indeed, glycosylated haemoglobin is significantly reduced (p less than 0.001) in patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia or Minkowski-Chauffard syndrome as compared with patients with non-haemolytic anaemia. In addition, there is a strong correlation (r = 0.92) in non-diabetic subjects between the level of glycosylated haemoglobin and the percentage of daily haemolysis, as determined by a method using 51 Cr labelled antologous red cells. PMID- 3157164 TI - [Medical treatment of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. Influence of the size of the adenoma]. AB - Forty-two patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma (prolactinoma) demonstrated by a radiologically abnormal sella turcica and hyperprolactinaemia were treated with bromocriptine. Baseline serum prolactin levels, which before treatment correlated with the size of the adenoma, returned to normal under bromocriptine in 30 out of 36 cases; in 6 female patients, however, they were lowered but remained moderately high. The dose of bromocriptine and the time required for normalization of prolactinaemia correlated with the size of the tumour. In 11 patients with macroadenoma bromocriptine dosage and prolactinaemia were inversely correlated; in 8 of these the adenoma was reduced in size. In 12 cases where the long-term treatment was interrupted, prolactinaemia rose again, suggesting that the medical treatment alone has no lasting curative effect. PMID- 3157165 TI - [Malignant melanoma in children and adolescents. 8 cases]. AB - Eight cases of malignant melanoma developed during childhood have been recorded over a 35-year period. Treatment and course of the disease were extremely variable. Melanomas developed on giant pigmented naevi had a particularly somber prognosis: death occurred within 6, 7 and 3 months respectively in the 3 cases observed. In the 5 remaining cases, the course of the melanoma seemed to be about the same as in adults. The main difficulty resides in the clinical and histopathological diagnosis at that age: although most lesions are benign, uncertainty is not permissible, and in doubtful cases the tumour must be rapidly removed and examined. PMID- 3157166 TI - [Localized myositis with eosinophilia]. AB - A 49-year old man developed myositis of the left masticatory muscles followed by myositis of the right supinator longus; these two lesions were histologically confirmed. Blood and bone marrow eosinophilia was present. Cure was obtained with systemic corticosteroids. Only one similar case was found in the literature. These cases differ from the various localized or focal forms of myositis as well as from eosinophilic polymyositis. Despite some similarities with masseteric myopathies in animals, no hypothesis can be formulated concerning the cause of the disease. PMID- 3157167 TI - [Intestinal involvement in Behcet's syndrome]. AB - Intestinal lesions in Behcet's syndrome are much more common in Japan than in the Western World. Colonic or ileo-colonic lesions develop after several years of recurrent aphthae and are manifested by acute complications, such as perforation or massive haemorrhage, or by protracted haemorrhagic diarrhoea with progressive deterioration of the patient's general condition. Radiological and endoscopic findings are similar to those of severe acute colitis, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. The diagnosis of Behcet's syndrome involving the bowel rests on the presence of numerous extra-intestinal lesions and of extensive colonic ulceration often located in otherwise healthy parts of the mucosa. Histology shows, beside a non-specific inflammatory infiltrate affecting the entire wall of the colon, lesions of vasculitis and perivasculitis with images of leucocytoclasia and fibrinoid necrosis. Surgery is often necessary, requiring wide intestinal resections and long-term derivation ileostomies because of the high incidence of recurrent ulcers at the site of anastomosis, where fistulae may also develop. PMID- 3157169 TI - [Generalized edematous syndrome: an early and uncommon complication of insulin therapy]. PMID- 3157168 TI - [Medicolegal identification by the dental system]. AB - Bodies found in acts of war or natural disasters are sometimes impossible to identify for police or legal purposes, notably because of calcination or putrefaction. Teeth, which are particularly resistant to destruction by fire, bacteria or other agents, can be used to evaluate the victim's dental age by the Gustafson method with a margin of error of plus or minus 4,6 years. Blood group has also been established with more than 85% concordant results by determination of the A. B. O antigens which are present in dental tissue and pulp. These techniques were tested on 257 teeth from subjects of known dental age and blood group. They provide additional evidence of the identity of deceased persons. PMID- 3157170 TI - [Influence of urinary schistosomiasis on delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity]. PMID- 3157171 TI - [T CD4(OKT4+) lymphocyte deficiency after thoracic duct drainage]. PMID- 3157173 TI - [Purulent pericarditis caused by Campylobacter fetus ssp fetus]. PMID- 3157174 TI - [Constitutional protein C deficiency. Role in the occurrence of a mesenteric venous infarction]. PMID- 3157175 TI - [Inflammatory polyradiculoneuritis associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis]. PMID- 3157172 TI - [Hypothalamic brucellar granuloma]. PMID- 3157176 TI - [Torsades de pointes from assisted ventilation. A case]. PMID- 3157177 TI - [Indication for hemoperfusion in the treatment of acute theophylline poisoning]. PMID- 3157179 TI - [Additional inspiratory load and respiratory muscle training]. PMID- 3157178 TI - [Sternal puncture with a fine needle. An effective and not very painful technic]. PMID- 3157180 TI - [Atheromatous stenosis of the celiac trunk and post-hemorrhagic encephalopathy in the cirrhotic patient. A case treated with aortohepatic bypass and portacaval anastomosis]. PMID- 3157181 TI - [Dihydralazine hepatitis]. PMID- 3157182 TI - [Clinical allotransplantation of human fetal islet cell cultures]. PMID- 3157183 TI - [Reception of aldosterone by the rat kidney in its compensatory hypertrophy]. AB - A study was made of the effect of the compensatory hypertrophy of the rat kidney (on the 30th day) on the interaction of 3H-aldosterone with the receptors of the kidney cell tubules. It has been shown that the compensatory hypertrophy of the kidney is accompanied by an increased intensity of 3H-aldosterone binding with the receptors of the nephron cell cytoplasm and a decrease of the transfer of the hormonoreceptor cytoplasm and 3 receptor complex to the nucleus. These changes in the mechanism of aldosterone reception by the hypertrophic kidney can be accompanied by disturbed sensitivity of the organ to this mineralocorticoid. PMID- 3157185 TI - [Children's groups with a high risk of developing tuberculosis]. PMID- 3157184 TI - [Current problems in the treatment of diabetes mellitus with biguanides (review of the literature and personal data)]. PMID- 3157186 TI - [Activities of an antituberculosis dispensary and medical sanitary unit with regard to the detection of patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 3157187 TI - [Activities of the Sverdlovsk pulmonological center]. PMID- 3157188 TI - [Results of inspection of bacteriological laboratories with regard to identification of Mycobacteria]. PMID- 3157190 TI - The beta 1 domain of the mouse E beta chain is important for restricted antigen presentation to helper T-cell hybridomas. AB - We have constructed a hybrid E beta gene by replacing the second exon of the Ed beta gene (which encodes the majority of the beta 1 protein domain) with the corresponding exon from the Eb beta gene. The hybrid gene has been introduced into a d haplotype host, the lymphoma beta-cell line A20-2J, and an E alpha E beta dimer composed of the endogenous Ed alpha chain and the product of the hybrid Ed beta/Eb beta gene was immunoprecipitated from extracts of transfected cells with an Ed alpha Eb beta-specific monoclonal antibody. Transfected cells have acquired the ability to present antigen to Ed alpha Eb beta-restricted helper T-cell hybridomas, indicating that the second exon of the gene for the E beta chain encodes sequences required for the restricted recognition of the antigen-presenting cell by the class II-restricted responder T-cell. PMID- 3157189 TI - Identification of an active site peptide of skeletal myosin after photoaffinity labeling with N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)-2-aminoethyl diphosphate. AB - The active site of skeletal myosin has been photoaffinity labeled (approximately equal to 50%) by the ADP analog N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)-2-aminoethyl triphosphate (NANDP) following the cobalt phenanthroline active site trapping procedure of Wells and Yount [Wells, J. A. & Yount, R. G. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 4966-4970]. Extensive proteolytic digestion of [3H]NANDP labeled myosin subfragment one yielded two major peptides, P1 and P2, which were purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. These peptides represented 50% of all labeled amino acids and contained 1 mol of the unusual amino acid epsilon-N-trimethyllysine. Analysis of P2 by Edman techniques gave a sequence Val-Asn-Pro-Tyr-Lys(Me3)-X-Leu-Pro-Val-Tyr, which corresponds to an identical sequence for residues 125-134 determined by Tong and Elzinga [Tong, S. W. & Elzinga, M. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 13100-13110] for a segment of rabbit skeletal myosin heavy chain in which X is Trp-130. P1 was identical to P2 except it contained an additional three amino acids, Asn-Pro-Gln, at the COOH-terminal end. Amino acid composition, sequence data, spectral measurements, and location of radioactive label in both P1 and P2 all indicate Trp-130 is the major site of labeling by NANDP. The adjacent epsilon-N-trimethyllysine may provide part of the binding site for the triphosphate portion of ATP. PMID- 3157191 TI - Role of protein kinase C in diacylglycerol-mediated induction of ornithine decarboxylase and reduction of epidermal growth factor binding. AB - Tumor-promoting phorbol esters induce ornithine decarboxylase (ODCase) activity and reduce epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding in rat tracheal epithelial 2C5 cells. Phorbol esters activate protein kinase C by interacting at the same site as sn-1,2-diacylglycerols, the presumed physiological regulators. The effects of added sn-1,2-diacylglycerols and those generated by phospholipase C treatment of 2C5 cells on ODCase induction and EGF binding were investigated to establish a role for protein kinase C in these cellular responses. Treatment of 2C5 cells with phospholipase C induced ODCase activity and reduced EGF binding, whereas phospholipases A2 and D were inactive. When sn-1,2-diacylglycerols containing fatty acids 3-10 carbons in length were added to 2C5 cells, those diacylglycerols containing fatty acids 5-10 carbons in length caused ODCase induction and reduction in EGF binding. sn-1,2-Dioctanoylglycerol was one of the most active compounds tested. It induced ODCase in a dose- (50-500 microM) and time-dependent manner. The reduction of binding of 125I-labeled EGF by sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol was also time and dose dependent and appeared to result from a change in EGF affinity and not the number of receptor sites. This series of sn-1,2 diacylglycerols showed similar structure-function relationships in their ability to induce ODCase activity, to decrease EGF binding, to stimulate protein kinase C, and to inhibit [3H]phorbol dibutyrate binding to the phorbol ester receptor. These data demonstrate biological activities for a number of diacylglycerols and indicate that protein kinase C activation is implicated in ODCase induction and decreased EGF binding. PMID- 3157192 TI - Identification and chromosomal distribution of 5S rRNA genes in Neurospora crassa. AB - The 5S rRNA genes of Neurospora crassa, unlike those of most organisms, are not tandemly arranged, and they are found imbedded in a variety of unique sequences. The 5S rRNA regions of most of the genes are of one type, alpha; however, several other "isotypes" (beta, gamma, delta, zeta, and eta) are also found. We asked whether Neurospora 5S rRNA genes are dispersed on a chromosomal scale and whether genes of different isotypes are spatially segregated. We identified, by DNA sequencing, 5S rRNA genes in 22 5S DNA clones, and we mapped these genes by conventional crosses by using restriction fragment length polymorphisms in their flanking sequences as genetic markers. The results show that the 5S rRNA genes are distributed on at least six of the seven chromosomes. Their location does not appear to be completely random. Some of them are closely linked. One of the chromosomes carries a disproportionate number of 5S rRNA genes of the most common structural type, alpha; another chromosome carries three of the four mapped beta 5S rRNA genes. None of the 5S rRNA genes studied maps close to the nucleolus organizer, the site of the genes that code for the three larger rRNAs. PMID- 3157193 TI - Postnatal development of rat heart during 6-hydroxydopamine or propranolol treatment. AB - Progressive postbirth development of mammalian heart contractile function is accompanied by augmentations of aerobic metabolic potential and cardiac myofibrillar ATPase activity. The temporal similarity of the above developmental sequences suggested that a single, unifying factor may coordinate myocardial maturation. It was hypothesized that cardiac sympathetic nervous system development might be regulating other aspects of myocardial growth. To test this hypothesis, previously well-defined aspects of heart metabolism and contractile protein ATPase activity were determined in rats which were either sympathectomized with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or subjected to chronic, beta adrenergic blockade (propranolol) throughout the postbirth period from 3 to 6 weeks of age. Neither 6-OHDA treatment nor chronic, beta-adrenergic blockade resulted in a significant reduction of any metabolic enzyme specific activity or in myofibrillar ATPase. Myofibrillar creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity underwent greater enhancement relative to ATPase during normal heart growth. Significant and divergent influences were exerted by 6-OHDA and propranolol drug regimens on myofibrillar CPK/ATPase enzyme activity ratio. These results indicate (a) the potential for independent regulation of myofibrillar CPK and ATPase, and (b) the advisability of evaluating CPK, ATPase, and CPK/ATPase enzymatic activities as myofibrillar correlates of heart contractile function. Nevertheless, the majority of developmentally related processes in the heart are minimally influenced by chemical sympathectomy. PMID- 3157195 TI - Biophysical mechanisms of damage by fast ions to mammalian cells in vitro. PMID- 3157194 TI - Skeletal morphogenesis: comparative effects of a mutant gene and a teratogen. AB - As a teratogenic agent retinoic acid (RA) produces severe limb reduction defects if administered at a certain stage of embryonic development. In vitro, RA is able to prevent chondrogenesis and this inhibitory effect is accompanied by the absence of cartilage specific proteoglycans in treated cultures. Such an effect is ruled out as a direct causative factor in teratogenesis for two reasons. First, the limbs of treated embryos show extensive chondrogenesis and this cartilage is normal as far as the expression of biochemical markers of differentiation are concerned. Second, the morphogenetic effects of a mutant gene, cmd, where there is a functional deficit of the proteoglycan core protein are very different from those associated with RA-induced teratogenesis. The differences between the two are not wholly reconciled by the fact that the effects of the mutant gene are cumulative and progressive while those of the RA insult are transitory. There are a number of developmental events which are, however, altered by RA in the mesenchymal cells of the early limb bud such as cell proliferation, cell death, and hyaluronic acid metabolism. Not only any one or more of these factors may secondarily inhibit chondrogenesis but, more importantly, may also have a number of other consequences in the developing embryo. Since a number of cell types besides mesenchymal cells respond to RA by altering their pattern of differentiation, it is conceivable that some fundamental molecular step in the process of differentiation provides a target for its action. In a recent review, Sporn and Roberts (1983) have suggested that to be compatible with the wide ranging effects of retinoids documented so far, any hypothesis put forward for its molecular mechanism of action must include a role in gene expression. No experimental work has yet directly addressed how retinoids might modify gene expression. We believe that along with teratocarcinoma stem cell lines, the use of retinoids as selective teratogens may open up another avenue in search of molecular mechanisms of cell differentiation. PMID- 3157196 TI - Incidence of work-related low back pain in physical therapists. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of work-related low back pain (LBP) in physical therapists and to identify common characteristics of therapists who reported work-related LBP. Questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of 500 registered physical therapists. Of the 344 (69%) questionnaires returned, 29 percent reported work-related LBP. The initial onset most frequently occurred between the ages of 21 and 30 years and within the first four years of experience as a physical therapist. Eighty-three percent of the therapists first incurred work-related LBP during treatment of patients, primarily in acute care and rehabilitation facilities. "Lifting with sudden maximal effort" and "bending and twisting" were frequent mechanisms of injury. Further research is necessary to investigate the effect work-related LBP has on productivity and quality of patient care within facilities and to identify preventive measures to decrease the incidence of work-related LBP. PMID- 3157197 TI - Singlet oxygen generation by hematoporphyrin IX, uroporphyrin I and hematoporphyrin derivative at 546 nm in phosphate buffer and in the presence of egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes. PMID- 3157198 TI - The molecular weight of haematoporphyrin derivative, its gel column fractions and some of its components in aqueous solution. PMID- 3157199 TI - Tensor fasciae latae free flap for full-thickness abdominal wall reconstruction utilizing the greater omentum as a vascular supply. PMID- 3157200 TI - Aesthetic abdominal deformities: a personal approach to the posterior rectus sheath and rectus muscles. AB - We have detailed our experience with abdominoplasty. The technique is based on undermining of the rectus abdominis muscle, treatment of the posterior sheath, and limited resection of the medial edge of the rectus muscle. The fatty and muscular redundancy in the epigastric region has been eliminated by resection of the muscle edge or local suction lipectomy. PMID- 3157201 TI - Pharmacologic modification of blood flow in the rabbit microvasculature with prostacyclin and related drugs. AB - The rabbit epigastric free flap was used to investigate the effect of prostacyclin and drugs modifying its synthesis in vivo on microvascular blood flow. Prostacyclin and its analogue carbacyclin caused an increase in flow with a maximal twofold increase at approximately 6.5 and 250 ng/ml, respectively, in the flap. Thromboxane synthetase inhibitors such as dazoxiben hydrochloride, UK 38,485, 7-IHA, and imidazole (up to 7 X 10(-4) M in the flap) as well as the prostaglandins 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and PGE2 (up to 3.7 and 9.2 ng/ml, respectively, in the flap) all failed to modify the control flow rate in the cutaneous microcirculation. It is concluded that the vasodilatory properties of prostacyclin and carbacyclin, together with their known platelet antiaggregatory properties, warrant further study in problem areas of microsurgery such as flap ischemia. The use of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors had no demonstrable effect on the normal flap, and their effect on the ischemic flap remains to be investigated. PMID- 3157202 TI - The intestinal radiation syndrome: sepsis and endotoxin. AB - Rats were whole-body irradiated with 8-MeV cyclotron-produced neutrons and 137Cs gamma rays to study the role of enteric bacteria and endotoxin in the intestinal radiation syndrome. Decrease in intestinal weight was used as an index of radiation-induced breakdown of the mucosa. Neutron and gamma-ray doses that were sublethal for intestinal death resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in intestinal weight, reaching minimal values 2 to 3 days after exposure, followed by recovery within 5 days after irradiation. Neutron and photon doses that caused intestinal death resulted in greater mucosal breakdown with little or no evidence of mucosal recovery. The presence of fluid in the intestine and diarrhea, but not bacteremia or endotoxemia, were related to mucosal breakdown and recovery. Neither sepsis nor endotoxin could be detected in liver samples taken at autopsy from animals which died a short time earlier from intestinal injury. These results suggest that overt sepsis and endotoxemia do not play a significant role in the intestinal radiation syndrome. PMID- 3157203 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with an over-the-wire system. AB - The original Gruentzig coaxial catheter system for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) utilized a blunt, closed-end, inner balloon catheter with a short guide wire attached to its tip. Options for safely crossing severe stenoses with this large, nonmaneuverable catheter were limited. More recently, over-the-wire systems have been developed in which the lesion initially is crossed with a small-caliber floppy or steerable guide wire, then by the balloon catheter advanced over the wire. Technical success was achieved in 78 of our first 100 PTCAs with this system. Significant cardiac complications occurred in ten patients, seven of whom required emergency coronary bypass surgery. A recently published survey of all PTCA techniques reported a technical success rate of 62%. Our higher success rate may be attributed to certain advantages of the over-the-wire system, which are discussed in detail. A learning curve is associated with this procedure: our success rate was 65% in the first 20 cases but 81% thereafter. These results can be considered typical of those expected at hospitals now beginning PTCA programs with advanced over-the-wire technology. PMID- 3157204 TI - Subacute and chronic bone infections: diagnosis using In-111, Ga-67 and Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy, and radiography. AB - The usefulness of indium-111 white blood cell scintigraphy in the diagnosis of subacute or chronic bone infection was examined in 21 orthopedic patients. In-111 WBC imaging was compared with gallium-67 and technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate skeletal scintigraphy and bone radiography, all studies being performed within 1 week. In-111 WBC scintigraphy showed no definite advantage over Ga-67 scintigraphy in the identification of chronic bone infection. The two tests had the same sensitivity (80%) and similar specificity (In-111 WBC 75%, Ga 67 83%; difference not significant). Bone radiography had a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 67%. A negative Tc-99m MDP bone scintigram ruled out infection (sensitivity 100%), but because of low specificity (25%), final evaluation required performance of Ga-67 or In-111 WBC scintigraphy. PMID- 3157205 TI - Legal briefs for nurses. TX: home health nurse: benefits. MN: nurse ass't blows top: terminated. PMID- 3157206 TI - Chemical sensitizers for hypoxic cells: a decade of experience in clinical radiotherapy. AB - The clinical work with chemical agents to restore the radiosensitivity of hypoxic cells began in 1973 with metronidazole, misonidazole was first given in 1974. The results so far recorded of the clinical trials with misonidazole have been generally disappointing. Only in 5 of 32 studies analyzed have significant benefits been shown to suggest real advantage with the use of misonidazole. Hypoxic cells must exist in all human tumours presenting for treatment and it is, however, probable that the oxygen effect is an important one at all dose fractionation regimes employed in radiotherapy but, after conventional fractionated radiotherapy, hypoxia may be a reason for failure in only a proportion of cases. The most important factor underlying the failure of misonidazole to achieve useful advantage is undoubtedly the low radiosensitizing concentrations achievable with the permitted dose of this neurotoxic drug. New drugs are under development and some have different dose-limiting toxicity. Those showing promise at this time are the Stanford compound, SR-2508, which is being extensively studied in the United States and the Roche compound, Ro 03-8799, which is being studied in the United Kingdom. It is possible that the greatest sensitization with the greatest tolerance will be achieved by a combination of drugs. PMID- 3157207 TI - Learned helplessness and decreased social interaction in elderly disabled persons. PMID- 3157208 TI - [Perspectives of pedagogic approaches to rehabilitation in the psychosocial care of the elderly]. AB - Rehabilitative pedagogics deal with the entirety of "educational", or "pedagogical", approaches and activities that seek to diminish the physical, mental and/or psychosocial handicaps faced by disabled people, or to develop alternatives enabling them to compensate for existing disabilities Specific difficulties are present in the care and treatment of older persons, which- despite a lack of empirical substantiation--have entailed a widespread assumption that there is only very limited benefit in rehabilitating older people. This view is critically discussed, and perspectives for "worthwhile" rehabilitative educational approaches in the psychosocial and psychosomatic care of elderly people are presented. PMID- 3157209 TI - [Social security in the aged requiring nursing care--a review of status and perspectives]. AB - Our current approach in the case of elderly people requiring nursing and care- namely, provision of supplementary social assistance benefits when old-age pension amounts are insufficient and if the incomes of children and grandchildren are below certain levels--is turning over 70 percent of all persons in residential care into recipients of rather modest amounts of pocket-money. Their financial provision for old age, built over decades, becomes null and void. In the case of home care, small invalid care allowances are granted to cater for additional needs, amounts, however, which are adequate neither to cover for the expenses involved nor to properly honour the caretaking efforts incumbent on the relatives. This reveals two decisive shortcomings in our present system for helping persons in need of care: benefit and service provision give undue priority to residential service delivery, instead of enhancing the necessary extension of community-based or ambulatory services; the current societal distribution of financial burdens is not compatible with the requirements of a publicly organized scheme for protection against general life-hazards that could hit everyone and should therefore be borne jointly. The article sets out the above situation through examples illustrating the various life situations of people needing nursing and care, and discusses three alternative approaches to achieving social security and protection: to extend health insurance coverage to non-curable/non-rehabilitable conditions; to create a separate social insurance branch to cover the life risk of needing nursing and care; and to initiate federal legislation for introduction of tax-financed, flat-rate invalid care allowances proportional to the care intensity required, while establishing user charges in the case of residential care services.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3157210 TI - [Recent progress in the pathogenesis and treatment of neoplastic hypercalcemia]. PMID- 3157212 TI - [A little-known image: the phenomenon of the empty sacroiliac]. PMID- 3157211 TI - [Lumbosciatica due to herniated disk]. PMID- 3157213 TI - [Meningoradiculitis with initial expression as spinal pain]. PMID- 3157215 TI - [Confusional states following administration of the hypnotic midazolam]. AB - Five cases are reported in which confusional states and total anterograde amnesia occurred after oral intake of recommended doses of midazolam, a new ultra-short acting benzodiazepine. Particular risk factors were not present, and in three out of five patients the complications occurred with the first administration. Analysis of these cases and experimental data reported in the literature suggest that the extreme response curve of midazolam may be responsible for these complications. The potential danger of the patients' actions in these states is pointed out. PMID- 3157214 TI - [Tumoral hypercalcemia: physiopathology and treatment]. AB - The regulation of plasma calcium involves many factors acting at the gut, bone and kidney levels. The mechanism leading to hypercalcemia in malignant neoplasm may well differ according to the type of tumor, the presence or otherwise of bone metastasis, the stage of the disease as well as additional factors such as the state of hydration. Increased bone resorption would certainly play an important role. However, increased tubular reabsorption of calcium could be the main hypercalcemic mechanism in some types of malignant tumor. Therapeutically, the approach has so far been to reduce the input of calcium from gut and bone and/or improve its renal clearance. Until now, the most efficient action appears to be the blockage of bone resorption. Among several bone resorption inhibitors, the diphosphonate compounds have been shown in several reports to be quite efficient in normalising calcemia. PMID- 3157216 TI - [Spontaneous course of aortic valve lesions which do not have to be treated surgically]. AB - Seventy-nine patients with aortic valve disease were studied invasively between 1966 and 1980 but were not operated upon because they were not symptomatic or the valve lesion was hemodynamically not severe enough. 65 patients were followed up for an average observation period of 7.8 years. Aortic stenosis was found in 11 patients, aortic insufficiency in 25 and combined aortic valve lesions in 29. Four patients died during the follow-up (2 sudden deaths, 2 from chronic heart failure). Eight patients underwent aortic valve replacement. Cumulative survival rate was 98% after 5 years and 92% after 10 years. Event-free rate (no deaths, no operation) was 100% in aortic stenosis, 83% in aortic insufficiency and 96% in combined valve lesions after 5 years, and 82%, 71% and 87% after 10 years. Patients with no cardiac events (group 1, n = 53) were initially less symptomatic (NYHA class 1.6 versus 2.3, p less than 0.01), had less dyspnea (36% versus 75%, p less than 0.01), less chest pain (21% versus 50%, p less than 0.05) and less frequent left ventricular hypertrophy in the ECG (25% versus 64%, p less than 0.01) than patients who died or were operated on during the follow-up (group 2, n = 12). Cardiac catheterization revealed lower left ventricular enddiastolic pressure in group 1 (12 versus 16 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) and a lower aortic regurgitant fraction (0.22 versus 0.37, p less than 0.02) than in group 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3157217 TI - Alignment of rat cardionatrin sequences with the preprocardionatrin sequence from complementary DNA. AB - Mammalian atria contain peptides that promote the excretion of salt and water from the kidney. When rat atrial tissue is extracted under conditions known to inhibit proteolysis, four natriuretic peptides, cardionatrins I to IV, are consistently isolated. These peptides derive from a common precursor, preprocardionatrin, of 152 amino acids, whose sequence was determined by DNA sequencing of a complementary DNA clone. Amino acid sequencing located the start points of cardionatrins I, III, and IV in the overall sequence. Cardionatrin IV most closely resembles procardionatrin because it begins immediately after the signal sequence at residue 25. Cardionatrin III begins at residue 73, and cardionatrin I, sequenced previously, begins at residue 123. Compositional analysis indicated that each of these cardionatrins extends up to tyrosine at position 150 but lacks the terminal two arginine residues. PMID- 3157218 TI - Crescent sign on radionuclide static brain imaging. PMID- 3157220 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in infectious diseases]. PMID- 3157221 TI - [Changes in physico-chemical properties of immune complexes during hemosorption]. PMID- 3157219 TI - The regulation of the Ca2+ transport activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3157222 TI - [Activities of the central institute and branch institutions with regard to introducing scientific achievements in the field of oncology]. PMID- 3157223 TI - [Role of health agencies in promoting child health]. PMID- 3157224 TI - Toward standards for posture. Postural characteristics of the lower back system in normal and pathologic conditions. AB - On theoretic grounds it can be assumed that aberrations of posture may play a role in the generation of low-back pain by creating concentrations of stress. However, this assumption remains speculative because of the absence of criteria for normal posture. This study considers some of these criteria, especially as they are related to the lumbar spine and pelvis. The relations between the angle of declivity of the sacrum and radius and inclination of the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine show good correlation. Mean values of postural parameters in the group of spondylolysis patients differ significantly from those in the group of healthy volunteers. PMID- 3157225 TI - Acute coronary thrombus formation after stress testing following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. A case report. AB - Successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed on a 37-year-old white man with an isolated 95% right coronary artery stenosis who initially presented with type II unstable angina. Submaximal treadmill stress testing was not carried out before PTCA, but testing 3 days after PTCA was strongly positive without accompanying symptoms of myocardial ischaemia. Some 30 minutes after this test the patient experienced severe precordial pain with features of a hyperacute transmural inferior myocardial infarction. Immediate coronary arteriography delineated fresh thrombus related to the previous PTCA site. Intracoronary thrombolysis with streptokinase was successful, revealing an underlying severe stenosis at the PTCA site. PTCA was not repeated, nor was emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) performed. This is the second such case documented in the literature; the first patient failed to respond to intracoronary thrombolysis with streptokinase and was submitted to emergency CABG. The possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed. We believe that the late thrombus formation was directly related to submaximal stress testing after successful PTCA, and recommend that testing to assess the efficacy of PTCA be deferred until at least 1 month after the procedure to allow for completion of the healing process. PMID- 3157227 TI - Combined segment arterial disease. AB - CSAD provides a challenge for the vascular surgeon. Patients are older, sicker, and at greater risk than are patients with unisegmental disease. Similarly, symptoms are more severe and limb loss is more frequent. A multitude of different reconstructive techniques are available, but their injudicious or untimely use can not only fail to improve the patient but can also cause limb loss or death. Their use must be predicated by a differentiation of which arterial segments are hemodynamically involved, yet this determination may not be possible even after extensive noninvasive and invasive investigation. To optimize the approach to these patients, the following principles should be employed. First, incapacitating claudication is a valid indication for a suprainguinal inflow procedure in a good-risk patient. However, indications for surgery should usually be limited to limb salvage, especially if an infrainguinal procedure is contemplated. Medical conditions such as heart failure and diabetes should be improved before arteriography. The latter should delineate the entire infrarenal arterial system, with special attention to the iliac, deep femoral, and pedal arteries. Oblique views may be of critical importance. Noninvasive hemodynamic tests should be used to confirm the need for arterial reconstruction and help delineate areas of functional stenosis. Direct pull-through pressure measurements may be required for ultimate confirmation. If proximal disease is thus defined, as proximal inflow operation should usually be sufficient unless there is extensive gangrene of the foot, in which case synchronous distal grafts may be required. If the proximal graft alone is performed, the patient must be followed closely since approximately 10% of patients may need subsequent distal reconstructions. The role of the "runoff" segments such as the deep femoral artery, popliteal trifurcation, and pedal arteries may be critical. Every effort should be made to ensure flow through these vessels. Profundoplasty alone is seldom indicated but is often a valuable adjunct to other reconstructive procedures. Lumbar sympathectomy is seldom required. PTA is becoming a valuable adjunct to treatment of CSAD, and intraoperative dilatation also has potential attributes. If such an approach is followed, lasting limb salvage with minimal morbidity should be achieved in most patients with CSAD. PMID- 3157229 TI - [Experience in raising the qualifications of district therapists]. PMID- 3157226 TI - Tetracyclines in ophthalmology. AB - Tetracycline and its congeners demonstrate antimicrobial activity against bacteria, Chlamydiae and Toxoplasma gondii. Ophthalmologists can use these drugs to treat bacterial and chlamydial infections, and also for ocular rosacea and similar disorders. Side effects associated with systemic tetracycline use are most commonly related to the gastrointestinal tract and to signs of yeast superinfection. Minocycline use may be limited by its vestibular toxicity. Temporary growth retardation and staining of erupting teeth may occur with oral use of tetracycline in children under 8 years; these drugs should not be given in pregnancy or to young children. Topical tetracycline application yields good tear and aqueous humor concentrations. PMID- 3157228 TI - [Immune reactivity indices of workers in the manufacture of viscose]. AB - A total of 300 workers engaged in viscose industry were examined for leukocyte blast transformation, spontaneous and complement rosette-formation, blood serum immunoglobulins, bactericidal activity of blood serum, lysozyme titre, phagocytic activity of neutrophils, and the NBT test. The data obtained attest to the changes in the total nonspecific body responsiveness of the workers examined. The character and degree of the changes in cellular and humoral immunity were marked by cycles, depending on the workers' record. The changes in the total nonspecific responsiveness were found to persist for a long time even after discontinuation of the contact with carbon disulfide. PMID- 3157230 TI - [Organization of therapeutic care in the evacuation hospitals of the Chuvash ASSR]. PMID- 3157231 TI - [Ischemic heart disease and its relation to basic risk factors among the rural population]. AB - Using standard methods of the epidemiological survey the authors examined a 10% randomized sample of men aged 40 to 59 years living in a rural area. A total of 533 persons were entered into the study (a 82% coverage). Based on the epidemiological data the coronary heart disease (CHD) prevalence was established to amount to 8.8% according to the enlarged criteria (angina pectoris of effort according to the WHO cardiological questionnaire; the definite myocardial infarction with the Minnesota code categories 1.1-1,2.7; the painless pattern of CHD with categories 4.1-4.2 and 5.1-5.2 without 3.1 and 3.3; possible myocardial infarction 1.2.8, 1.3; possible myocardial ischemia 4.3, 5.3; the arrhythmic pattern 6.1, 7.1, 8.3; myocardial ischemia with left ventricle hypertrophy 4.1 4.2, 5.1-5.2 with 3.1, 3.3; possible myocardial infarction in the anamnesis in accordance with the WHO cardiological questionnaire). It was also found that in persons aged 50 to 59 years, CHD occurs 2 times as frequently as in those aged 40 to 49 years (13.1 and 5.8%, respectively). The prevalence of CHD was discovered to be about 3.5 times higher in the presence of arterial hypertension and overweight and 2 to 2.5 times higher in the presence of hypercholesterolemia, hypo-alpha-cholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. A high correlation was noted between arterial hypertension and overweight and the prevalence of CHD before (r = 0.174 and r = 0.198, respectively) and after elimination of risk factors (r = 0.14 and r = 0.14). Among CHD patients, one risk factor was noted in 21.8%, two in 39.1%, three and more in 23.9%, whereas among persons without CHD in 32.4, 10.9 and 3.5%, respectively. PMID- 3157232 TI - [Autonomic, cardio- and hemodynamic indices of healthy men, representatives of the native and nonnative population of Kazakhstan]. AB - Healthy men, representatives of the indigenous population and newcomers, have some differences on the part of the vegetative and cardiovascular system. The newcomers mostly show coronary atherosclerosis and predominance of the tone of the ergotropic system. The cardio- and hemodynamic differences manifest by more pronounced shifts on making orthostatic and exercise tests, by an appreciable rise of myocardial contractility and energy expenditure for blood translocation. PMID- 3157233 TI - [Arterial blood pressure levels of adolescents and their parents in a rural district (an epidemiological study)]. AB - A 10% randomized sample of adolescents aged 15 to 17 years living in a rural area were examined by standard methods of the epidemiological survey. Altogether 497 boys and 613 girls (a 93.3% coverage) and their parents (1000 fathers and 1053 mothers) were entered into the study. Based on the population-familial material it was established that under rural conditions the mean parameters of the SBP in girls aged 15 years were significantly higher (113 +/- 0.43) than in boys (110 +/ 0.58) (P less than 0.05). At the same time the mean values of the DBP in boys and girls aged 15 to 17 years did not differ substantially, being respectively 69.3, 70.3, 71.5 in boys and 70.6, 70.5, 71.9 in girls. Positive correlations between the SBP and DBP were obtained, ranging from 0.52 to 0.72 in the subgroups of schoolchildren differing in sex and age. Significant correlations were discovered between parents and children: 0.133 +/- 0.022 as regards the SBP; 0.224 +/- 0.021 as regards the DBP; 0.154 +/- 0.054 as regards the SBP and DBP. The ratio of the genetic correlation between the SBP and DBP amounted to 0.89 +/- 0.12, which points to the presence of the essential generality of the genetic determination of both these parameters. PMID- 3157234 TI - [Medico-economic effectiveness of dispensary care for patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases in a rural locality]. AB - Dispensarization of rural patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases by means of available methods of diagnosis and treatment and with regard to the disease entity and course made it possible to reduce 1.7-fold the rate of temporary disability and thus to save 19.386 roubles. PMID- 3157235 TI - [Work experience of the field resuscitation team of a pulmonary therapy center]. PMID- 3157236 TI - [Seasonal and circadian rhythms of the excretion of androgens and their fractions in peptic ulcer patients in the remission phase in the markedly continental climate of Transbaikalia]. AB - Seasonal rhythms of androgen excretion were studied in 247 normal subjects and 213 patients with peptic ulcer in the stage of remission. Circadian rhythms were examined in 84 patients and excretion of androgen fractions in 81 patients. The patients manifested changes in the seasonal rhythms of androgen excretion. In winter period, androgen excretion was higher in the patients with peptic ulcer but in spring, the normal subjects had a higher excretion than patients, whereas in summer the patients had a higher excretion than normal subjects. Despite the preservation of the rhythmical pattern the patients demonstrated changes in the rhythm expressed in the decreased amplitude of seasonal fluctuations and deformation of the seasonal rhythm. Circadian rhythms differed only at some seasons. The difference in excretion of androgens (dehydroandrosterone and androsterone) were revealed at individual seasons. Deformation of the rhythms in peptic ulcer patients can be corrected by application of early preventive measures aimed at normalization of the excretory rhythm and restoration of the rhythm characteristic of the regional climatic zone under consideration. PMID- 3157237 TI - [Incidence of biliary tract diseases in the Azerbaijan SSR]. PMID- 3157238 TI - [Problems of the prevalence and course of rheumatism under the ecological conditions of western Turkmenia]. AB - It was shown by multi-factorial epidemiological survey of the prevalence of rheumatic fever in Western Turkmenia that in this region, it was higher than in the regions of Turkmenia with moderate climatic conditions. In Western Turkmenia, rheumatic fever still remains to be one of the prevalent diseases. The greatest disease incidence was revealed among the young population under 30 years of age. The rheumatic fever was mostly characterized by the latent onset (30.7%), predominance of minimal activity (75.9%), and high incidence of heart diseases (87.4%). The streptococcal infection incidence was found to be high enough, being related to the prevalence of rheumatic fever. The described features of the prevalence and progress of rheumatic fever are likely to originate from the effects of a number of the local ecological factors: extremal climatic conditions, young age of the population with a large proportion of the organized community, predominance of large families, and so forth. On planning the program of the community health services for rheumatic fever it is necessary to take into account the ecological conditions of the individual regions of Western Turkmenia. PMID- 3157239 TI - [Disability dynamics and specialized employment of osteoarthrosis deformans patients]. AB - According to the data obtained during expert medical evaluation of the working capacity a considerable proportion among the examined accounts for patients with deforming osteoarthrosis (DOA), both primary and secondary. Despite the disease intensity and gravity of complications because of the development of compensatory processes most patients preserve work fitness for a long enough period of time, provided they are given proper work. To prevent the disease progress and grave disability, it is advisable that physicians engaged in the commissions for expert medical evaluation of the working capacity should prolong the time of temporary disability for more than 4 months, namely for the period of the development of compensation, provided the clinical and work fitness prognosis is favourable. Rehabilitation is also promoted by the use of concrete recommendations as to the specialized employment. PMID- 3157240 TI - Peak inspiratory flow: measurement using a modified mini Wright peak flow meter. PMID- 3157241 TI - Storage of platelets for tests of platelet function: comparison of two methods of pH control. AB - A comparison was made of two methods to control the pH of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) stored for tests of platelet function. Citrated PRP at 37 degrees C was maintained at pH 7.3-7.4 by incubation either in a controlled CO2/air environment or in a plastic syringe from which all air was expelled. At intervals over 2-5 hours platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen was measured. Plasma beta thromboglobulin (beta TG) was assayed to assess liberation of beta TG from platelets during storage. Platelet aggregation responses were more stable when PRP was stored in a syringe. Liberation of beta TG from platelets did not occur in this system, but did occur in the CO2 system in many experiments. The differences between the two systems were not due to the lower pO2 levels in the syringe, but were probably related to the presence of an air/liquid interface in the CO2 system. The syringe system of storage is a simple method of pH control which offers better preservation of platelet function than a controlled CO2/air environment. PMID- 3157242 TI - Abolition of spontaneous rhythmic contractions of isolated monkey coronary arteries by diltiazem, nifedipine, verapamil and nicorandil but not by nitroglycerin. AB - Three of 12 coronary artery rings obtained from one of 9 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) (113 rings in all) and 4 of 12 coronary artery rings obtained from one of 2 patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas patas) (28 rings in all) developed spontaneous rhythmic contractions. In 5 of these 7 coronary artery rings, rhythmic contractions occurred long enough to be subjected to examinations of drug effects. In these preparations the effects of the calcium entry blockers, diltiazem, nifedipine and verapamil, and nicorandil, a nitrate vasodilator thought to produce vasodilatation by an increase in membrane potassium permeability, and nitroglycerin were investigated on rhythmic contractions. Diltiazem (10(-7) and 10(-6) M), nifedipine (10(-8) and 10(-7) M), verapamil (10( 7) and 10(-6) M) and nicorandil (10(-5) and 10(-4) M) suppressed rhythmic contractions in a concentration-dependent manner, but nitroglycerin (10(-7)-10( 5) M) was entirely ineffective. The results were discussed in relation to the mechanisms underlying spontaneous rhythmic contractions of coronary arteries and their role in vasospastic angina pectoris. PMID- 3157244 TI - [Cooperation between therapeutic-preventive institutions and the forensic medicine bureau (data of a working group)]. PMID- 3157245 TI - [Astrology-magic theory and practice in medicine of the early modern age]. PMID- 3157243 TI - Effect of lead exposure on dopaminergic D2 receptor binding in the 21-day-old rat. AB - The effect of lead on dopaminergic D2 receptor binding, as measured by butaclamol displaceable [3H]domperidone binding, was studied in the 21-day-old lead-dosed rat. Maternal rats were dosed with 300 ppm and 1000 ppm Pb in drinking water from conception to weaning as previously described [1]. Samples of limbic forebrain and striatum were taken from 21-day-old offspring and assayed for dopamine D2 receptor binding, as outlined by Lazareno and Nahorski [2]. There was a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in body weight in the animals from which limbic forebrain samples were taken. There were no other significant effects of lead on body- or brain weight. Dopaminergic D2 receptor binding was unaffected by lead administration. These preliminary findings show that dopamine D2 receptor binding is not affected by lead at the doses and exposures used. PMID- 3157246 TI - Immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in renal transplant recipients. AB - To evaluate the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in renal transplant recipients, we administered three 40-microgram doses of vaccine to 17 patients who had previously undergone transplantation and were on immunosuppressive therapy. Life-table analysis revealed a cumulative antibody response rate of only 17.6% at 12 months, and the three responders had low titers of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen. There were no serious adverse effects and no episodes of graft rejection in responders or nonresponders. In addition, the ratio of helper/inducer (T4) to suppressor/cytotoxic (T8) T cells in vaccinees bore no relationship to the immunogenicity of the vaccine. These data indicate that hepatitis B vaccine is weakly immunogenic in renal transplant recipients and illustrate the need for vaccination prior to transplantation for maximal protection against hepatitis B virus infection. PMID- 3157247 TI - Phorbol myristate acetate and in vitro T lymphocyte function. III. Selective impairment by PMA of lethal hit delivery by cloned CTL. AB - Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) has little immediate effect on the lysis of antigenic tumor targets by the representative cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones B6D/2-7c, 5MB6-5, and 5MB10-31. However, prolonged contact (24-48 hr) with PMA (10(-6)M) can profoundly depress the lytic activity of these and other cloned T lymphocytes. This concentration of PMA is neither toxic nor mitogenic for cloned T lymphocytes. B6D/2-7c cells that are treated with PMA lose some ability to bind tumor targets; however, the primary defect in PMA-treated B6D/2-7c cells appears to be at the level of lethal hit delivery, because cells remain essentially ineffective at tumor cell lysis in the presence of agglutinating lectin. Nonetheless, PMA-treated 5MB10-31 and B6D/2-7c cells continue to respond to the proliferative stimuli associated with alloantigens, especially in the presence of exogenous lymphokines. B6D/2-7c cells treated with PMA neither acquire the ability to suppress the cytolytic activity of untreated B6D/2-7c cells, nor undergo any significant alteration of Lyt-2 expression. PMA-induced loss of lytic activity is reversible, and cytolysis is reexpressed by PMA-treated B6D/2-7c cells if they are incubated with 2 degrees MLC SN, but not WEHI-3 SN. The reexpression of cytolysis occurs in the presence of cytostatic concentrations of cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C), indicating that cell proliferation is not required for this process. These data show that cloned CTL are capable of reversible cytotoxic function, and they establish the utility of PMA to probe requirements for expression of CTL function. PMID- 3157248 TI - Nonspecific suppression of in vitro immune responses by placental and nonplacental tissues. PMID- 3157249 TI - Indirect presentation of allogeneic major histocompatibility complex antigens by syngeneic macrophages. PMID- 3157250 TI - Enhancement of hematoporphyrin derivative uptake in vitro and in vivo by tumor cells in the presence of lanthanum. AB - Hematoporphyrin derivative is currently used as a photochemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of neoplasms. The uptake of hematoporphyrin derivative was determined in vitro and as a function of time with Ehrlich ascites cells in the presence of lanthanum and in vivo with VFM1, tumor-bearing mice pretreated by intratumoral injection of LaCl3. Our results indicate that the treatment with lanthanum increases the uptake of hematoporphyrin derivative by tumor cells. PMID- 3157251 TI - Hypercalcemia in malignancies: treatment with dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP). AB - Eleven hypercalcemic patients affected by various kinds of cancer were treated with dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP), 400 mg diluted in 500 ml of saline solution, i.v., during 3 h. Drug administration normalized plasma calcium levels in all treated patients, within 72 h for patients with lung cancer; within a longer period for other kinds of cancer. Moreover, Cl2MDP also reduced calciuria in treated patients. The use of the drug was not followed by side effects and was also well tolerated in patients with kidney insufficiency. PMID- 3157253 TI - [Definitions and graduation of hearing disorders and handicapped communication for use in medico-legal compensation]. PMID- 3157252 TI - Subpopulation of T lymphocytes in primary immunodeficiency diseases. PMID- 3157254 TI - [Backache: a psychosomatic clinical study]. PMID- 3157255 TI - Renal metastases from osteogenic sarcoma. AB - A clinically and radiographically unsuspected ossified renal metastasis from a primary osteogenic sarcoma was identified by computed tomography (CT) and radionuclide bone scan. These imaging modalities play an important adjunctive role in the evaluation and follow-up of patients with primary osteogenic sarcoma. PMID- 3157256 TI - Urethral obstruction secondary to carcinoma of prostate: response to endocrine treatment. AB - Of 749 patients with carcinoma of the prostate 133 (17.8%) presented with total urinary retention; 122 of the 133 patients were given different forms of endocrine therapy. Only 8 patients were treated by initial transurethral resection of the prostate, and 3 patients received no treatment. After endocrine therapy 80 (65.6%) of 122 patients were free from catheter six months after starting treatment. The response to orchidectomy appeared earlier than that to treatment with estrogens. The mean period of catheterization for the 80 patients who responded was 2.7 months after orchidectomy and 3.4 months during estrogen treatment. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3157257 TI - Hepatic biopsy. AB - Hepatic biopsy plays an integral part in the formation of the diagnosis, selection of the therapy, and determination of the prognosis in clinical cases of hepatic disease. It has been shown that results of hepatic biopsy correlate well with postmortem findings and findings of liver function tests. Hepatic biopsy is not difficult to perform and the benefits usually outweigh the risks and costs. The techniques described have many variations that are influenced by the experience and skill of the practitioner and the equipment available to the practitioner. It is the authors' opinion that, with the proper training, every practitioner can obtain hepatic biopsies and, thus, increase the quality of medical care to their patients. PMID- 3157258 TI - Riding and the handicapped. AB - When we speak of riding for handicapped, it is evident that this term embodies a wide range of possibilities as far as the type of therapy used and the benefits gained. The needs of the student dictate which therapy is selected and implemented. The effects of therapeutic riding have not been subjected to scientific scrutiny. However, the benefits do have a physiologic basis that needs to be analyzed further. More empirical studies are required, using sound research methodology. Both the physical parameters (range of motion, balance, flexion, and so on) and the psychosocial parameters (risk, self-esteem, behavior, and so on) should be explored and documented. Until then, Robert Mayberry leaves us with this thought: "Is it the unique movement of the horse, the psychodynamics involved or a primal atavistic need for experiencing controlled risks? Perhaps it is all or none of these: suffice to say, the mystique of the horse is strong medicine." PMID- 3157259 TI - Megakaryocytic infection and thrombocytopenia in African swine fever. AB - Pigs infected with an African swine fever field isolate of modified virulence became acutely thrombocytopenic four to five days after the onset of fever and viremia. By eight days after inoculation, all pigs were thrombocytopenic. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that 2 to 10% of the megakaryocytes were infected. By 13 days after inoculation, platelet counts returned to within normal limits, and there was megakaryocytic hyperplasia despite a continued viremia. Secondary complications delayed the return of normal circulating platelet levels in some pigs. The clinical findings of African swine fever are discussed in light of the gross and histologic lesions. PMID- 3157260 TI - Efficacy of low doses of fenbendazole and its administration via drinking water in the prophylaxis of nematodiasis in grazing calves. AB - Under experimental conditions, fenbendazole given at doses of 0.4 and 1.0 mg/kg body weight suppressed calves' faecal output of Ostertagia and Cooperia species eggs and Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae. Both dose levels were given in the form of small daily drenches and the higher level showed greater efficacy. In a grazing experiment, medication with fenbendazole at 1.0 mg/kg/day administered intermittently to calves using an automatic dose dispenser almost completely suppressed the output of trichostrongylid eggs. As a result, infection on the pasture and in the calves remained at a low level throughout the grazing season. By contrast, control pasture and control calves showed rather heavy infection from mid-August onwards with significantly lower weight gains and widespread signs of parasitic gastroenteritis. At post mortem examination of representative calves from each group in November, the medicated animals had 99 per cent less Ostertagia species, whether adults or larvae arrested at the early fourth stage, and 95 per cent less Cooperia species compared with controls. Medication in the drinking water suppressed the faecal output of D viviparus larvae for most of the grazing season by comparison with the controls but the medicated calves became infected with this parasite towards the end of the season. Until this problem is overcome, precautions against parasitic bronchitis are advised when this system of medication is adopted. PMID- 3157261 TI - Persistent anthelmintic activity of ivermectin in cattle. AB - Two studies are described which demonstrate the persistent activity of ivermectin injected subcutaneously into cattle at 200 micrograms/kg in preventing the establishment of induced infections with the gastrointestinal parasites Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora and the lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus. These results indicated a reduction in mean worm count compared with the control group for O ostertagi of more than 99, 45 and 94 per cent with a seven, 14 or 21 day interval between treatment with ivermectin and the administration of infective larvae, respectively, in trial 1 and more than 99, more than 99 and 99 per cent at seven, 10 or 14 days, respectively, in trial 2. Corresponding values against C oncophora were 99, 0 and 45 per cent at seven, 14 and 21 days in trial 1 and more than 99, 84 and 31 per cent at seven, 10 and 14 days in trial 2. Against D viviparus, reduction in counts were more than 99, 98 and more than 99 per cent at seven, 14 and 21 days, respectively, in trial 1 and 100, 100 and 100 per cent at seven, 10 and 14 days, respectively, in trial 2. The relevance of these results to the build-up of infective larvae on pasture and infection in cattle is discussed. PMID- 3157262 TI - [Changes in manifestations of chronic pain and vegetovascular dystonic syndromes in diseases of the peripheral nervous system after complex sanatorium-health resort treatment]. PMID- 3157263 TI - [Effect of sapropel from Lake Moltai and its components on the functions of nervous and muscle tissues (experimental study)]. PMID- 3157264 TI - [Therapeutic and meteoroprophylactic effect of electrophoresis of antioxidant vitamin E and Arzni carbonate baths in patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3157265 TI - [Properties of erythrocyte anion ATPase]. AB - Properties of the anion ATPase from rat red blood cell membranes were investigated. Diethyl ether treated membranes exhibited the increased activity of the anion ATPase. Na+, K+- and Ca2+-ATPase activities were not found in these preparations. The pH optimum of the anion ATPase was at pH 8.5. The enzyme was stimulated by methanol and inhibited by glycerol. Among the inorganic anions stimulators, inhibitors and indifferent substances were observed. Anions of thiocyanate, sulfite and bicarbonate altered noncompetitively the ATPase activity. Sulfite stimulated and thiocyanate inhibited the ATP hydrolysis in presence of magnesium, calcium, zinc, cobalt, manganese and nickel. Reactions with ATP, ITP, GTP but not with ADP and AMP used as substrates were sensitive to sulfite and thiocyanate. EGTA did not change the stimulation and inhibition effects of the anions on the ATPase activity. The similarity of properties of erythrocyte and mitochondrial ATPases is discussed. PMID- 3157266 TI - [Various causes of decreased aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in the rat liver and blood in chronic alcoholic intoxication]. AB - Dynamics of accumulation of alcohol- and aldehyde dehydrogenases inhibitors in liver tissue of rats with chronic alcohol intoxication showed that content of the bioinhibitors of protein nature was increased during the animals alcoholization, whereas inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase was more distinct as compared with alcohol dehydrogenase. When the nature of aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor was studied using the immunoenzyme analysis, the inhibitor proved to be an autoantibody, produced in chronic alcoholization of rats as a result apparently of the enzyme modification. Titre of specific antibodies to "autoantigen" (aldehyde dehydrogenase from liver tissue of alcohol consuming rats) was 12-16 fold higher in liver tissue and blood serum of rats with alcoholism as compared with the corresponding preparations of control animals. An immuno-enzymological mechanism, responsible for an increase of acetaldehyde content in blood developed after ethanol consumption in alcoholism, is discussed. PMID- 3157267 TI - [The levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipids in the native population of the mountain region of Kirghizia]. AB - Content of cholesterol in high density lipoproteins (HDL) and other blood lipids was studied in men of 40-59 years old from the aboriginal population of the Kirghiz Alpine. Concentration of HDL cholesterol and its ratio in the blood total cholesterol of the Alpine population inhabitants was distinctly higher as compared with the corresponding patterns of the foothills inhabitants. At the same time, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides as well as the magnitude of atherogeneity cholesterol coefficient were distinctly lower in the Alpine inhabitants as compared with the persons of foothills. Hypoxia, extremal climatic conditions and specific nutrition appear to be responsible for the alterations observed in blood lipid composition. PMID- 3157268 TI - [Activity of the key glycolysis enzymes of the heart during emotional stress and myocardial necrosis induced after exposure to stress]. AB - Activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase were studied in rat heart after emotional-painful stress and development of myocardium necrosis. The stress caused an activation of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase within 2 and 7 days, activity of pyruvate kinase was not altered. In myocardium necrosis developed after emotional-painful stress activity of phosphofructokinase was decreased within 2 days as compared with the animals, myocardial necrosis of which was produces using the routine procedures. PMID- 3157269 TI - [Hydrolase composition and activity of human milk in the antimony subregion of the Fergana Valley]. AB - Examination of 112 women living in the antimonic subregion of the Fergana valley has shown that the composition of breast milk and enzymatic activity of its hydrolases depend not only on the period of lactation but also on the features of the antimonic biogeochemical regions where lactating mothers live. Iodine prophylaxis of the endemic goiter among women, promoting the improvement of the biological value of breast milk should be carried out with regard to the antimony content in the environment. PMID- 3157270 TI - Thrombolytic therapy and its combination with transluminal catheter dilatation. AB - The material for complete occlusion of an artery is predominantly thrombotic. The longer the occluded segment the worse are the results of PTA since the thrombotic material is not compressible. As long as this thrombotic material is not already organized, it can be lysed by thrombolytic therapy, and thus removed. Remaining stenoses can be dilated subsequently. Thrombolytic therapy was carried out either systemically, i.e. by intravenous infusion of high doses of streptokinase or by selective local infiltration of an occluding clot with low doses of the same drug via a catheter. This study deals in particular with local low-dose streptokinase therapy. Out of 205 patients treated, primary recanalization was achieved in 145 (75%) and in 107 of these cases additional balloon dilatation was necessary. In 36 patients (25%) reocclusion occurred within the first 2 weeks. Out of the other patients the cumulative patency rate after 2 years was 50%. The combination of PTA with local low-dose thrombolytic therapy has several advantages: It facilitates probing of the occlusion by softening the clot. It removes the lysable component of the clot, giving the possibility of restricting the dilatory procedure to a shorter segment and, thus, diminishing the vascular trauma and risk of rethrombosis. It helps to prevent rethrombosis by the after-effect of thrombolysis. It provokes hyperaemia lasting for 1 to 2 days. It is capable of rapidly dissolving early reocclusion or macroemboli. Local low-dose thrombolytic therapy in combination with PTA has effectively extended the number of non surgical recanalizations of peripheral arterial occlusions in our clinic. PMID- 3157271 TI - [1st case of AIDS in Salzburg. Important diagnostic hint by determination of neopterin]. AB - This case report describes the first case of AIDS in Salzburg. The patient belonged to the male homosexual risk group. He presented with opportunistic infections: oral candidiasis, bilateral Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and cerebral toxoplasmosis. The diagnosis of AIDS was corroborated by highly elevated urinary neopterin levels. Despite treatment with antibiotics the patient died within 5 weeks due to cardiorespiratory insufficiency. PMID- 3157272 TI - [Bronchial secretion and bronchial mucosa in children with mucoviscidosis: results of comparative bronchoscopic, biochemical, bacteriologic, light and electron microscopic studies]. AB - Twenty two patients with cystic fibrosis, 7 to 17 years of age, underwent each two bronchoscopic investigations, the second six months later than the first, in general anaesthesia with muscle relaxation using a ventilation bronchoscope and taking small biopsies of the mucous membrane. The degree of reddening, swelling of the mucous membranes and hypersecretion was in some agreement with the intensity of the cellular infiltration and the production of pus (microscopic investigation). Secondary ultrastructural changes were detected in nearly all children: e.g. cellular oedema, protrusion of cells and fusion of cilia, microtubular abnormalities of the cilia, lesions of the apical cell membranes and increased number of goblet cells. These changes of ultrastructure were not correlated to the mentioned signs of inflammation. PMID- 3157274 TI - [Hereditary papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma]. AB - Hereditary papulostranslucent acrokeratoderma is known as a rare genetic cutaneous disorder. Clinically it shows white translucent papules with a smooth surface affecting hands and feet, especially palms and soles, but there is no subjective discomfort. Histologic study reveals signs of focal hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis, and acanthosis without any alteration of the dermis. PMID- 3157273 TI - [Roaccutan in acne and rosacea]. AB - Isotretinoin (Accutane) is a lately developed synthetic oral retinoid for treatment of severe forms of cystic acne resistant to therapy. Its pharmacological effect principally consists in decreased size of the sebaceous glands, reduced sebum production, as well as alteration of the bacterial micropopulation. At a dosage of 0.5 mg up to 1.0 mg/kg body weight daily, isotretinoin led to significant reduction of the inflammatory skin eruptions and long-lasting remission after discontinuation of the drug. With regard to 18 patients suffering from rosacea, the application of Accutane brought about satisfactory results, as well. Mucocutaneous side-effects were almost compulsory, but did never lead to discontinuation of the treatment. Because of its teratogenity, isotretinoin must not be applied in case of gravidity. Accutane offers new modes of therapy with respect to patients suffering from nodulocystic acne or severe rosacea which did not respond to common forms of treatment. PMID- 3157275 TI - [Ivan Solomonovich Beritashvili]. PMID- 3157277 TI - [The disease picture in rheumatoid arthritis as a result of different pathomechanisms]. AB - Even though rheumatoid arthritis is by definition an inflammatory disease, the complex picture of rheumatoid arthritis really owes its development to three completely different pathogenetic mechanisms, namely: Exudative-proliferative processes in the synovial tissue of joints and tendon sheaths and at serous skins; Destruction of articular cartilage and juxta-articular bone by the aggression of non-inflammatory tumor-like cell elements of synovial origin; Primary, non-inflammatory tissue necroses due to infiltration of immune complexes and complement. It is therefore understandable that all therapeutic approaches which have an antiphlogistic character can only influence pain, swelling and morning stiffness, but not the destruction of the joints and the primarily necrotising processes, which can also destroy vital structures in the heart and vessels. PMID- 3157276 TI - [Local and systemic parameters in the synovial milieu]. AB - Our own results as well as recent data from the literature confirm the already long known fact, that synovial fluid analysis allows only in very few diseases as for example a crystal synovitis a definite diagnosis in the individual case. In the majority of the patients this technique permits only to differentiate between inflammatory and non-inflammatory joint disease as well as an estimation of the local inflammatory activity of joint. The simultaneous histologic examination of synovial membrane according to our experience seems to bring no major additional information which exceeds the information given by each technique alone. PMID- 3157278 TI - [Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis--pustular arthro-osteitis--pustulosis palmaris et plantaris: an extreme enthesiopathic form of psoriatic spondylarthritis]. PMID- 3157279 TI - [Dental flossing as a plaque-sampling technic in the rat]. PMID- 3157280 TI - [Effect of embryonic magnesium deficiency on odontogenesis in Wistar rats]. PMID- 3157281 TI - [Results of comparative physical tests on lead-containing, lead-free and dust free alginate impression materials]. PMID- 3157283 TI - [Histological research on the pathogenesis of fibrocartilaginous reactions of the temporomandibular joint and a discussion of the etiological factors in chronic osteoarthritis deformans]. PMID- 3157282 TI - [Effect of pre- and postnatal fluoride burdens on the fluoride content of the deciduous tooth enamel]. PMID- 3157284 TI - [Determination of the x-ray radiopacity of dental materials]. PMID- 3157285 TI - [Ovulation induction in sterile females with the polycystic ovary syndrome]. AB - The outcomes of ovulation induction in 34 infertile women with polycystic gonads were presented. The ovulation was inducted by the ovarian wedge resection or conservative treatment with either clomiphen alone or in association with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The procedure of choice of specific method of management was dependent on the results of laparoscopy, while an ovarian biopsy was performed and histopathological evaluation of segments. In patients with insignificantly enlarged ovarian tunica albuginea conservative treatment with hormones was carried out, in patients with either marked enlarged tunica albuginea or thecal cells in stroma ovarian wedge resection was performed. The presented method of management caused the ovulatory cycles in 85.2% of cases and pregnancies in 61.7% of cases. PMID- 3157287 TI - [Clinical picture and course of multiple sclerosis among inhabitants of the southwest regions of Uzbekistan]. AB - Eighty-two typical cases of disseminated sclerosis (DS) in the population of several regions of Uzbekistan were analyzed. Three groups of patients were identified: group I included indigenous population (21); group II non-indigenous population born in Uzbekistan (14); group III non-indigenous population born in the European part of the country. The clinical study allowed the authors to elucidate the presence of similar signs indicating the unity of etiopathogenetic factors of DS and differences occasioned by the populational characteristics of various ethnic groups of the total population as well as by the influence of the climatic and geographical conditions of the region. PMID- 3157286 TI - [Immunologic abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. AB - A comprehensive immunological examination of 20 patients with various clinical manifestations of lateral amyotrophic sclerosis (LAS) was carried out. The authors determined the total lymphocyte count, the percentage and absolute ratio of T- and B-lymphocytes of the blood, subpopulations of active, theophylline sensitive and theophylline resistant lymphocytes and also the content of serum immunoglobulins A, M and G as well as the circulating immune complexes (IC). Patients with LAS exhibited a decreased total count of blood lymphocytes and increased the percentage of B-cells and IgM. The ratio of the number of the theophylline resistant and theophylline sensitive cells was also found to change at the expense of a decrease in the latter (T-suppressors). Patients with different duration and severity of the disease were shown to have some differences in their immunological indices. The role of the immunopathological reactions in the pathogenesis of the disease is discussed. PMID- 3157288 TI - Focal myositis of the rectus abdominal muscles. AB - A case of focal myositis of the rectus abdominal muscles is described. The case was successfully treated by extirpation of the muscles. PMID- 3157289 TI - Evidence for metabolic regulation of pancreatic glucagon secretion by L glutamine. AB - To investigate effects by L-glutamine on pancreatic A-cell secretion and intermediary metabolism, isolated pancreatic islets from normal and streptozotocin treated guinea pigs (A-cell rich islets) were incubated in the presence of glucose (5.5 mM) +/- L-glutamine (10 mM). Glutamine significantly enhanced glucagon release from 297 +/- 54 to 528 +/- 53 pg/micrograms DNA/h in normal islets and from 553 +/- 31 to 806 +/- 50 pg/micrograms DNA/h in A-cell rich islets. All results were expressed on the basis of islet DNA concentration, being 66 +/- 4 ng DNA per normal islet and 32 +/- 2 ng DNA per A-cell rich islet. Simultaneously, glutamine suppressed glucose oxidation to 64 per cent in normal islets and to 47 per cent of basal oxidation in A-cell rich islets. Islet content of ATP was also reduced by glutamine to about 60 per cent in A-cell rich islets, but not significantly changed in normal islets. Glutamine oxidation, at 5.5 mM glucose, was considerably higher in A-cell rich islets (911 +/- 65 pmol/micrograms DNA/h) than in normal islets (313 +/- 52 pmol/micrograms DNA/h). Addition of porcine insulin (25 mU/ml) counteracted these effects by glutamine, i.e. suppressed glucagon release but increased glucose oxidation and ATP content of the A-cell rich islets. The present findings demonstrate that glutamine stimulates glucagon release and is readily metabolized by the A-cells. Furthermore, the regulation of glucagon secretion by glutamine appears to be reciprocally related to factors affecting glucose metabolism and ATP-levels in the A-cell. PMID- 3157290 TI - Effect of a rigid brace on back pain. AB - The effect of a rigid plastic delordosating brace - the Flexaform brace - was studied in 48 patients with low back pain. In spondylolisthesis the brace gave pain relief in 13 cases, and the remaining two cases reported improvement. In seven cases with spinal stenosis, only two cases were free from pain, four were improved, and in one case the pain was unchanged. In 26 patients with chronic low back pain of unknown etiology, 17 cases did not improve, five cases improved and complete loss of pain was seen in only four cases. When all three groups were combined, a correlation was seen between pain relief in the brace and pain relief in the supine position and in the forward bending position. PMID- 3157291 TI - Traumatic hip joint tamponade. Two cases with femoral head ischaemia. AB - Two elderly patients had pain after hip trauma with no radiographic evidence of fracture. Computed tomography demonstrated capsular haematoma. Scintimetry revealed femoral head ischaemia. Intracapsular hip joint pressure in extension was 240 and 176 mm Hg, respectively, in neutral position and 280 and 360 mm Hg in internal rotation. The hip joints were aspirated for 8 ml and 5 ml of blood, respectively, leading to pain relief and regained radiotracer uptake in the femoral head. It is concluded that traumatic hip joint tamponade may cause femoral head ischaemia which may be reversed by aspiration. PMID- 3157292 TI - Modulation of streptozotocin-induced insulitis and hyperglycaemia in the mouse. AB - Multiple low-dose injections of streptozotocin (SZ) induce a gradually developing hyperglycaemia and pancreatic insulitis in certain inbred mouse strains. In the present investigation nicotinamide, which is known to protect against SZ-induced diabetes, was given prior to a single diabetogenic dose of SZ to C57BL/KsJ mice. Nicotinamide protected against SZ-induced hyperglycaemia in the acute phase but 13 of the 18 animals in this group became diabetic during the second week of observation. Nine of these mice had insulitis, seven of which showed overt diabetes. Since nicotinamide increased the serum glucose concentration at the time of the SZ-administration ten minutes later, the possibility that glucose mediated the protective action was evaluated. Glucose-pretreatment, however, was found to potentiate the diabetogenic action of SZ. It is obvious from the present data that another type of diabetes than that induced by a single high dose of SZ can be evoked if the immediate B-cytotoxic effects of SZ are reduced. It may be speculated that islet B-cells of mice given nicotinamide before SZ, for a time retain SZ-induced DNA injuries, which may lead to the expression of neoantigens and an autoimmune reaction. PMID- 3157293 TI - Effect of redox agents on the non-electrolyte isotonic concentrations and on the equivalent pore radius of skeletal muscles of the frog. AB - Oxidizing and/or reducing agents inversely influence the alterations in the speed of mass changes (dw/dt) due to osmotic perturbations: an oxidizing agent increases while a reducing agent decreases it. The values for isotonic concentration (Ciso) increased for all of the tested non-electrolytes in the presence of an oxidizing agent, while decreased in the presence of a reducing one. The Staverman's reflection coefficient values (sigma) showed changes opposite in direction, so that the direct correlation between the size of test molecules and sigma values remained unchanged. An oxidizing agent increases and a reducing agent decreases the equivalent pore radius (EPR). PMID- 3157294 TI - beta-Endorphin and essential hypertension: importance of the clonidine-naloxone interaction. AB - Analysis of the effect of naloxone (0.4 mg iv.) on clonidine hypotension in 80 patients with essential hypertension revealed that two groups could be separated. In the responding group (43 pts) naloxone increased blood pressure and heart rate in clonidine-treated patients while in the non-responding group (37 pts) it has no such effect. Patients in the responding group had higher cardiac output, stroke volume, plasma renin activity, plasma adrenaline and beta-endorphin levels and lower total peripheral resistance, shorter history of hypertension and lesser body weight than those in the non-responding group. The pressor effect of naloxone in four responding patients treated with clonidine for 29 months tended to be smaller compared to the response obtained after a 3-day clonidine therapy. Results favour the hypothesis of the existence of two (responding, non responding) groups of patients with essential hypertension. Further work will clarify whether these groups represent different pathogenesis or they indicate only a different stage of hypertension. PMID- 3157296 TI - Paroxetine in the treatment of depression--a randomized comparison with amitriptyline. AB - Paroxetine is a new antidepressant drug with potent serotonin (5HT) uptake inhibitory properties. In this double-blind comparative study, the antidepressant effect of paroxetine and amitriptyline has been compared in 44 patients with depressive illnesses of an endogenous nature. Each drug was given for 6 weeks. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale was used to measure the antidepressant effect. Reported events were assessed applying a 22-item check list. Non parametric statistical analyses were applied in the evaluation of treatment outcome for the 30 patients who completed the study. The results showed no significant differences in overall antidepressant efficacy between paroxetine and amitriptyline and that paroxetine displayed significantly fewer instances of dry mouth and orthostatic dizziness than amitriptyline. No obvious relationship was demonstrated between the plasma levels of the drugs and their clinical effects. PMID- 3157295 TI - Distribution of fibre sizes in human skeletal muscle. An enzyme histochemical study in m tibialis anterior. AB - The aim of the study was to determine the fibre size distribution within the human m tibialis anterior. Ten-micron thick cross-sections of the whole muscle were enzyme histochemically stained for myofibrillar ATPase at pH 9.4. The cross sectional area of 100 fibres with low (type 1) ATPase and high (type 2) ATPase activity was measured in three different regions (superficial, central and deep). Both the type 1 and type 2 fibres were found to be larger in the deep region than in the central or superficial regions. The variation in fibre size could not be explained by the cryofixation or cryo-embedding techniques used. The data suggest that muscle adaptation to physical demands may not only occur by means of variation in types and number of muscle fibres, but also by variation in fibre size over the muscle cross-section. PMID- 3157297 TI - A new balloon catheter for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 3157299 TI - Tuberculous peritonitis: CT appearance. PMID- 3157298 TI - Vessel rupture by balloon catheters complicating chronic steroid therapy. PMID- 3157300 TI - Results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 3157301 TI - Polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - Polycystic ovary syndrome comprises a group of chronic, progressive diseases of the female reproductive system. Clinical characteristics include disorders of ovulation and menstruation, hirsutism, infertility and obesity. Recommended treatment of the unacceptable manifestations includes the use of oral contraceptives or progestins. Fertility can often be achieved with clomiphene citrate and/or other agents. Rarely is surgical therapy indicated. PMID- 3157302 TI - Unstable angina and evolving myocardial infarction following coronary bypass surgery: pathogenesis and treatment with interventional catheterization. AB - Effective therapy for patients with unstable angina or evolving myocardial infarction following coronary bypass surgery requires accurate delineation of the pathoanatomy and prompt intervention. We therefore performed cardiac catheterization in 10 consecutive patients: four with acute myocardial infarction and six with refractory unstable angina (NYHA class IV). All patients with acute myocardial infarction were found to have completely thrombosed vein grafts supplying totally occluded native coronary arteries. In three patients with evolving myocardial infarction occurring within 4 weeks of coronary bypass surgery, graft thrombosis was caused by venous valves in two patients and a suboptimal anastomosis in a third. The fourth patient sustained a myocardial infarction 7 years after coronary bypass surgery with atherosclerotic plaque rupture causing vein graft thrombosis. Therapy with intragraft streptokinase resulted in complete clearing of thrombus, pain relief, and control of injury current in all four patients. Rest angina with concomitant ST and T wave changes occurred in six patients. In two patients symptoms occurred early (within 6 months), whereas angina developed 4 to 10 years after coronary bypass graft surgery in four patients. In the two patients with early recurrence of symptoms suboptimal anastomosis was found in one, while the other patient had a venous valve in the vein graft in conjunction with a stenosis in the native coronary artery. In three of four patients with late recurrence of angina, symptoms developed as a result of atherosclerotic stenosis in their vein grafts; in the fourth patient an occluded graft was found to supply a stenosed native coronary artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3157303 TI - Effects of transluminal coronary angioplasty on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function at rest and during exercise. AB - The left ventricular global and regional systolic function, ventricular volumes, and peak diastolic filling rate (PDFR) were studied in 30 patients with coronary artery disease, before and 2 to 5 days after transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), utilizing equilibrium radionuclide angiography at rest and during exercise. At rest, the global ejection fraction (EF) was unchanged before (60 +/- 9%) and after PTCA (62 +/- 10%). During exercise, global EF increased from 59 +/- 11% pre PTCA to 67 +/- 10 post PTCA (p less than 0.001). Twenty-two patients had abnormal EF response to exercise pre PTCA, versus seven post PTCA (p less than 0.001). Improvements in exercise regional EF paralleled the changes in global EF. End-systolic volume was unchanged at rest but decreased significantly with exercise post PTCA (60 +/- 36 ml pre vs 49 +/- 32 ml post PTCA, p less than 0.01). At rest, the PDFR was unchanged post PTCA (2.4 +/- 0.9 end-diastolic volume (EDV)/sec pre vs 2.5 +/- 0.8 EDV/sec post). During exercise, PDFR increased from 2.1 +/- 0.7 EDV/sec pre PTCA to 2.5 +/- 0.7 EDV/sec post PTCA (p less than 0.02). In conclusion, in patients with coronary artery disease, successful PTCA improves global and regional systolic function during exercise. Diastolic function is improved during exercise, a fact not previously demonstrated. PMID- 3157304 TI - The value of echocardiographic regional wall motion abnormalities in detecting coronary artery disease in patients with or without a dilated left ventricle. AB - To evaluate the usefulness of echocardiographic regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) in detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and a normal-sized or dilated left ventricle, 103 patients were studied by two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and cardiac catheterization. In 60 patients (group I) who had LV dysfunction and a dilated left ventricle by echo (patients with dilated cardiomyopathy), RWMA were detected in 44 patients and 38 (86%) of them had significant CAD, usually two- or three vessel obstruction; of the 16 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and diffuse LV hypokinesis, eight (50%) had evidence of CAD. Thus the presence of RWMA by 2DE had an 83% sensitivity, a 57% specificity, and a 77% predictive accuracy in detecting CAD in patients with DCM and thus in distinguishing ischemic from idiopathic DCM. In 43 patients with LV dysfunction but normal LV size (group II), the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive accuracy of RWMA in detecting significant CAD was 95%, 100%, and 95%, respectively. We conclude that the detection of RWMA by 2DE is highly suggestive of significant CAD in patients with LV dysfunction and normal-sized or dilated left ventricle; the finding, however, of diffuse LV hypokinesis does not exclude CAD in these patients, especially when the left ventricle is dilated. PMID- 3157305 TI - Treatment of mild hypertension: different studies, different approaches. PMID- 3157306 TI - Occlusion of Bjork-Shiley aortic valve prosthesis by hypertrophied ventricular septum. PMID- 3157307 TI - Usefulness of transstenotic coronary pressure gradient measurements during diagnostic catheterization. AB - A difficult problem in coronary arteriography is the assessment of the hemodynamic significance of stenoses that appear angiographically to be of only moderate severity (25 to 75% diameter narrowing). This is particularly important in patients who may be candidates for invasive therapy, such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or coronary bypass surgery. To determine the significance of such lesions, we measured transstenotic coronary pressure gradients in 15 patients with angiographically moderate stenoses. For comparison, similar measurements were made in 17 patients with severe stenoses (more than 75% diameter narrowing) being considered for PTCA. The transstenotic pressure gradients were measured with a 2.0Fr polyvinyl chloride catheter cleared of microbubbles of air by flushing with carbon dioxide and degassed saline solution and attached to a low-volume displacement transducer for optimal frequency response. Mean transstenotic pressure gradients greater than 10 mm Hg at rest or more than 20 mm Hg under conditions of high coronary blood flow, as induced by Renografin 76, appeared to be associated with objective evidence of myocardial ischemia and symptomatic relief from PTCA. Smaller pressure gradients occurred in patients whose symptoms probably were not ischemic in nature. Transstenotic pressure gradient determination performed at the time of diagnostic catheterization may provide assistance in clinical decision-making in selected patients with angiographically moderate stenoses. PMID- 3157308 TI - Prognostic significance of progression of coronary artery disease. AB - Angiographically documented coronary artery disease (CAD) can progress. Although progression itself is frequently recognized in patients who have undergone repeat cardiac catheterization, its prognostic significance remains unclear. To evaluate the influence of progression on survival, 313 patients with CAD who underwent catheterization twice (39 +/- 25 months apart) were followed for 3 to 129 months (mean 41 +/- 30) after the second angiogram. At the time of the second angiogram, 21, 91, 113 and 88 patients had 0-, 1-, 2- and 3-vessel CAD, respectively. The mean ejection fraction (EF) of the group was 55 +/- 13%. Progression was noted in 139 patients (44%). Of the 313 patients, 33 died and 39 had acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during follow-up. Four-year survival was estimated at 94% and 83% in the nonprogression and progression groups, respectively. Progression was predictive of survival by (univariate) long-rank test (p less than 0.01), but only EF (p less than 0.001), number of diseased vessels (p less than 0.01) and percent stenosis in the left main coronary artery (p less than 0.05) were independently significant by (multivariate) Cox regression analysis. Four-year survival without AMI was 89% and 73% in the nonprogression and progression groups, respectively. Progression was related to survival without AMI (p less than 0.001) by log-rank test. Cox regression analysis provided 3 independent predictors of survival without AMI: number of diseased vessels (p less than 0.01), progression (p less than 0.01), relative risk = 2.28) and EF (p less than 0.01). Results were similar when analyzing only the 39 AMIs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3157309 TI - Electrocardiogram, clinical findings and chest x-ray in persons aged 85 years or older. AB - Persons aged 85 years or more (n = 674) living in Tampere, Finland, were surveyed in 1977 and 1978. Five hundred fifty-nine persons (83%) were examined. Electrocardiographic findings, classified according to the Minnesota code, were compared with reported cardiac symptoms, clinical congestive heart failure, clinical coronary heart disease and relative cardiac volume on chest radiograph. Electrocardiographic items had a poor association with cardiac symptoms. ST segment depression, T-wave inversion, ventricular premature complexes and atrial fibrillation were related statistically highly significantly to clinical congestive heart failure, as were ST-segment depression and T-wave inversion to clinical coronary heart disease. High left R waves, ventricular premature complexes and atrial fibrillation showed a significant association with cardiac enlargement (over 500 ml/m2) and pulmonary congestion in chest radiographs. PMID- 3157310 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of left internal mammary artery grafts. PMID- 3157311 TI - Coronary artery collateral visualization during acute coronary occlusion. PMID- 3157312 TI - Prevaccination screening of multitransfused patients--only anti-HBs. PMID- 3157313 TI - Precocious puberty following severe head trauma. AB - True precocious puberty is frequently secondary to intrinsic central nervous system pathology, but is rare following external head trauma. We describe two children who developed precocious puberty within three months of severe exogenous head trauma. Infusion of luteinizing hormone releasing factor induced a prompt rise in circulating gonadotropin concentrations and established that their sexual precocity was the result of premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. While the precise mechanism by which exogenous head trauma causes precocious puberty remains unknown, the clinical features of these children's disorders are consistent with the hypothesis that extra-hypothalamic areas restrain pituitary gonadotropin secretion before puberty and that damage to these areas can result in precocious puberty. PMID- 3157314 TI - A lymphoproliferative disorder of T gamma cells with the phenotype of cytotoxic/suppressor T-cell. AB - A 25-yr-old Japanese male showed unique T gamma cell proliferation different from cases reported previously. His clinical and hematological features were characterized by persistent high fever and the appearance of large lymphocytes with abundant cytoplasm and azurophilic granules in the peripheral blood (11% of the leukocyte differential count) and the ascitic fluid. These lymphocytes showed the ability to bind the Fc portion of IgG and they beared the antigen of cytotoxic/suppressor T-cell defined by monoclonal antibodies. T-cells from this patient suppressed the immunoglobulin production of normal B-cells by pokeweed mitogen, although a polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia was observed in the serum. Chromosomal abnormality indicated the malignant nature of the proliferating T gamma cells in this patient. The clinical, hematological, and immunological findings characterized the disease of this patient as a distinct entity among the lymphoproliferative disorders of T-cell origin. PMID- 3157315 TI - A genetic model for age at onset in Huntington disease. AB - Although numerous investigators have confirmed excess paternal transmission among juvenile-onset cases of Huntington disease (HD), there are conflicting reports that the late-onset form is inherited more often from the mother than from the father. Results from a survey of age at onset and age at death in 569 patients corroborate earlier findings of delayed onset of HD among offspring of affected mothers at both ends of the onset-age spectrum: 23 of 28 juvenile-onset offspring had affected fathers, and there were 1.6 times more late-onset offspring born to affected mothers than to affected fathers. These patterns, together with data that link age-at-onset variability to familial longevity trends, suggest a model where age at onset is governed, generally, by a set of independently inherited aging genes, but expression of the HD gene may be significantly delayed in individuals who possess a particular maternally transmitted factor. PMID- 3157316 TI - Analysis of nonprescription capsules purported to contain an adrenal androgen. AB - The content of nonprescription capsules purported to contain dehydroepiandrosterone was analyzed. Five capsules labeled "dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) 500 mg and natural precursors" were analyzed; all were from a single lot and container. Ether extracts were used to test for DHEA, cortisol, testosterone, and androstenedione using radioimmunoassay (RIA). The protein, starch, reducing-sugar, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium contents were also measured. The mean (+/- S.D.) DHEA content per capsule was 14.40 + 5.16 micrograms. A mean androstenedione concentration of 1.22 + 0.21 micrograms was measured. Cortisol and testosterone were not detectable by RIA. Concentrations of the other ingredients (mean +/- S.D. for five capsules) were as follows: protein 35.2 +/- 2.3 mg, starch 39.9 +/- 2.7 mg, reducing sugars 3.2 +/- 0.2 mg, sodium less than 1.5 mM, potassium less than 0.15 mM, magnesium 0.60 mg, and calcium 3.45 mg. The total amount of free DHEA contained in the capsules was only a small fraction of the labeled amount of that steroid and was probably inadequate for producing any measurable effects. PMID- 3157317 TI - Effect of imipenem-cilastatin and ciprofloxacin on tests for glycosuria. AB - The effect of the new antibiotics imipenem-cilastatin and ciprofloxacin on the accuracy of tests for glycosuria was studied. Samples of urine from two healthy volunteers were used to prepare solutions containing various concentrations of glucose and drug. Glucose concentrations were tested in triplicate by the Clinitest, Tes-Tape, and Diastix methods. As controls, samples of urine containing the antibiotics alone or various concentrations of glucose and cefazolin were tested by each of the three methods. Low concentrations of imipenem-cilastatin caused falsely low glucose results in urine samples containing 0.5% and 1% glucose analyzed by the Clinitest method. Ciprofloxacin did not interfere with determination of urine glucose concentration by the Clinitest method at any of the drug concentrations tested. Neither of the antibiotics interfered substantially with determination of urine glucose concentration by the Diastix or Tes-Tape methods regardless of the concentration of glucose or drug. At the concentrations tested, ciprofloxacin did not interfere with determination of urine glucose concentration by the Clinitest, Diastin, or Tes-Tape methods. Although imipenem-cilastatin may produce falsely low glucose measurements with the Clinitest method, this interaction is not of great clinical importance. PMID- 3157318 TI - Nifedipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon. Evidence for inhibition of platelet activation. AB - Platelet activation has been reported to occur in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon; however, the effect of calcium channel blockers and thromboxane synthetase inhibitors has not been previously studied. The effect of two drugs that potentially inhibit platelet activation were studied: nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, and dazoxiben, a specific thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. Two platelet-specific proteins released during platelet activation, beta thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4, were measured during a double-blind clinical trial of these two drugs in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. The plasma beta-thromboglobulin level was significantly elevated in the patient population (53.8 +/- 7.6 ng/ml) during the placebo period compared with that in a normal control population (27.0 +/- 3.1 ng/ml) (p less than 0.01). The plasma platelet factor 4 level was 8.7 +/- 2.2 ng/ml in the patients compared with 6.5 +/- 1.0 ng/ml in the normal subjects (p = NS). These findings indicate the presence of in vivo platelet activation in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Nifedipine lowered the levels of beta-thromboglobulin to near the normal range (33.4 +/- 4.6 ng/ml). The inhibition of platelet activation by nifedipine was associated with clinical improvement in Raynaud's phenomenon with fewer and less intense episodes. Beta-thromboglobulin was not lowered by dazoxiben (58.1 +/- 9.0 ng/ml) compared with the placebo. The reduction of beta-thromboglobulin levels by nifedipine indicates that in vivo platelet activation was inhibited by this agent. Since this was associated with a reduced frequency of attacks, it is not clear whether this was a direct effect of the drug on platelet activation, leading to decreased frequency of vasospasm, or an effect on vascular smooth muscle leading to decreased vasospasm and a secondary decrease in platelet activation. PMID- 3157319 TI - Predictive value of CA 125 antigen levels in second-look procedures for ovarian cancer. AB - Serum CA 125 levels were evaluated in 44 patients undergoing 56 second-look or subsequent laparoscopies (43) and laparotomies (13) for ovarian cancer. In each patient studied, a previous CA 125 level had been greater than or equal to 35 U/ml. Clinical or radiologic evidence of tumor was absent in all patients at the time of surgical evaluation. CA 125 levels were less than 35 U/ml in 36 cases (64%); 14 patients were free of tumor, while 22 were found to have tumor at surgery. CA 125 levels were greater than or equal to 35 U/ml in 20 cases; 18 had tumor at surgery, one has had recurrence of tumor, and the other remains clinically free of tumor at 3 months. A CA 125 level less than 35 U/ml was not predictive of the presence of intraperitoneal tumor; however, when tumor was present in this group of patients, the largest tumor mass did not exceed 1 cm. In contrast, a CA 125 level greater than or equal to 35 U/ml was a strong predictor of the presence of intraperitoneal tumor or future recurrence. These data suggest that second-look procedures may not be required in the select group of patients with CA 125 levels greater than or equal to 35 U/ml. PMID- 3157320 TI - HLA sharing and spontaneous abortion in humans. AB - Twenty-one Caucasian couples with two or more idiopathic fetal losses and with either no live-born children or with only one live-born child were typed for HLA A, B, and DR antigens, and mixed lymphocyte responses of the maternal lymphocytes to stimulation by paternal lymphocytes were studied. The mixed lymphocyte response results showed that women who experienced habitual fetal loss had normal immune responses, thereby lending less credence to the idea that a defective immunologic response is involved in problem pregnancies. The data were pooled and analyzed with those of similar reports, and there was a strong indication that aborting couples shared a greater portion of the chromosome that contains the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) than would be expected in random matings. PMID- 3157321 TI - A sonographic sign for the detection in the second trimester of the fetus with Down's syndrome. AB - Sonographic structural surveys were made at the time that 904 amniocenteses were performed for genetic evaluation in the second trimester. A sonographic sign was identified which places the fetus at high risk for having Down's syndrome. PMID- 3157322 TI - Erythema multiforme after use of topical sulfacetamide. AB - An 8-year-old boy developed erythema multiforme major after topical administration of sodium sulfacetamide for conjunctivitis. He had received systemic treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole four months previously without evidence of drug allergy. There was no history of recent exposure to other drugs or evidence of herpes simplex or Mycoplasma infection. After 12 days of treatment with erythromycin ointment, 1% prednisolone eyedrops, systemic prednisone, and intravenous nafcillin, the patient's condition improved dramatically. A slit-lamp examination showed only superficial punctate keratitis. Two months later his visual acuity had improved from 20/200 bilaterally to R.E.: 20/40 and L.E.: 20/30. PMID- 3157324 TI - A survey to evaluate the management of orthodontic patients with a history of rheumatic fever or congenital heart disease. AB - A survey concerning the orthodontic management of patients with a history of rheumatic fever or congenital heart disease was mailed to a random sample of 500 orthodontists throughout the United States. Two hundred thirty-two surveys were completed and returned. Analysis revealed that 88% of the respondents were aware that they should screen for patients with a history of rheumatic fever or congenital heart disease, only 11% used the antibiotic regimen recommended in 1977 by the American Heart Association (see Fig. 2), one half of the respondents thought it was necessary to provide antibiotic coverage during banding, and 38% deemed it necessary for debanding procedures which were likely to cause some degree of bleeding from the gingival sulcus. Only one half of the respondents would discontinue treatment if a condition of gingivitis developed which did not show signs of improvement, and only 70% provided medication for orthodontic procedures that could result in bacteremia. Furthermore, the results of this survey indicated that there was a great variation in the antibiotic regimen of orthodontic treatment for patients at risk of developing endocarditis and that there was a need to make the orthodontist more aware of the 1977 recommendations of the American Heart Association. Finally, a comparison between the year of graduation from an orthodontic program and the number of respondents who did not screen for or did not premedicate at-risk patients revealed a direct relationship. The earlier the education, the smaller the number of respondents who screened or premedicated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3157323 TI - The effect of topical fluoride treatment on enamel fluoride uptake and the tensile bond strength of an orthodontic bonding resin. AB - Enamel demineralization occurring adjacent to directly bonded orthodontic attachments is of great concern to orthodontists. The topical application of fluorides to enamel surfaces before acid etching and the bonding of the attachments is not recommended by many investigators. The objective of this study was to determine the enamel fluoride acquired from various topical fluoride agents and to determine the effect of the acquired fluoride on the tensile bond strength of an orthodontic bonding system. Fifty extracted maxillary central incisors were mounted in cups and the facial surfaces of the crowns were polished on 600-grit silicon carbide paper. Enamel microbiopsies were performed just off the midpoint of each tooth. Ten teeth served as controls and received no topical fluoride treatment, while a similar number were treated with either APF, SnF2, Duraphat, or Fluor Protector. The teeth were suspended in synthetic saliva 4 minutes after fluoride application. The topical fluoride agents were removed after 24 hours and the teeth were again suspended in synthetic saliva at 37 degrees C for 7 days. Enamel biopsies were again performed just off the midpoint of each tooth on the side not previously biopsied. The enamel surfaces were etched for 1 minute and the tensile bond strength of Concise orthodontic bonding system to the etched enamel surfaces was determined. The enamel surfaces acquired significantly different amounts of fluoride from the topical fluoride agents, but the bond strengths to these surfaces were not significantly different. The results of this in vitro study suggest that the application of topical fluoride agents to enamel surfaces 7 days before the bonding of orthodontic attachments will not have an adverse effect on bond strength. PMID- 3157325 TI - Does food restriction retard aging by reducing the metabolic rate? AB - Metabolic rate was determined by measuring O2 consumption in two groups of 6-mo old male rats fed ad libitum (group 1) or maintained on a life-prolonging food restriction regimen for 4.5 mo (group 2). These measurements were made continuously for 23.75 h under conditions nearly identical to those of the daily life of the rats. The metabolic rate per kilogram lean body mass was the same for both groups, a finding contrary to the hypothesis that food restriction retards the aging process and prolongs life by slowing the metabolic rate per unit of metabolic mass. This and our previous work strongly suggest that the classic views of the action of food restriction on aging must be re-evaluated because retardation of the aging process can occur without the restriction of calories or any other nutrient per unit of lean body mass. The long held belief that reducing food intake lowers the metabolic rate per unit of metabolic mass may be true in short-term dietary programs but appears not to be true when a significant portion of the life span is involved. PMID- 3157326 TI - Laser-Doppler blood flowmetry of intestinal mucosal hyperemia induced by glucose and bile. AB - To determine whether the functional hyperemia evoked by solute transport is confined to the intestinal mucosa or whether blood flow increases throughout the bowel wall, we measured blood flow in the mucosa and muscularis-serosa with laser Doppler velocimetry. Ileal loops were vascularly isolated in pentobarbital sodium anesthetized dogs. Total blood flow to the loop was measured electromagnetically, while blood flow in the superficial mucosa and muscularis-serosa was monitored by laser-Doppler velocimetry. Perfusion pressures and arteriovenous oxygen difference were also recorded continuously. When a mixture of 5% bile and glucose was placed in the lumen of the isolated loop, total blood flow and oxygen uptake increased 21 and 62%, respectively. During this hypermetabolic state, laser Doppler measurements indicated blood flow in the muscularis-serosa fell by 10%, but blood flow in the mucosa increased 42%. These findings with laser-Doppler velocimetry confirm earlier studies in which the radioactive microsphere technique indicated that low-fat, low-protein test meals induce a postprandial hyperemia confined to the mucosal circulation. These findings also demonstrate a metabolic flow-controlling mechanism closely linked to the absorptive process. PMID- 3157328 TI - Atriopeptins: renal-specific vasodilators in conscious dogs. AB - Conscious dogs were instrumented to study the effects of atriopeptins (I, II, III) on renal, iliac, mesenteric, and coronary blood flow. Intravenous injection of atriopeptins II and III caused a dose-related increase in renal blood flow, whereas atriopeptin I had no effect. Atriopeptins II and III at 5 micrograms/kg increased renal blood flow 27 +/- 5.0% from 252 +/- 29 ml/min and 18 +/- 2.9% from 238 +/- 32 ml/min and reduced renal vascular resistance 24 +/- 3.2% from 0.431 +/- 0.048 mmHg X ml-1 X min and 15.1 +/- 1.2% from 0.443 +/- 0.023 mmHg X ml-1 X min, respectively. Atriopeptin I, II, or III exerted no significant effect on systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, coronary, mesenteric, or iliac blood flows. Doses of nitroglycerin (25 micrograms/kg) that increased renal blood flow (28 +/- 5.0%) to a degree comparable to atriopeptins II and III also caused increases in coronary, iliac, and mesenteric blood flows and produced falls in systemic blood pressure and a reflex tachycardia. Thus in the conscious dog, atriopeptins II and III are potent selective renal vasodilators that do not exhibit systemic hemodynamic effects in contrast to nitroglycerin, a nonselective vasodilator. Cleavage at the carboxy terminal end of these peptides to yield atriopeptin I abolishes the renal vasodilator action entirely. PMID- 3157327 TI - Chronic norepinephrine infusion and adrenergic function of hypertrophied hearts. AB - The ability of chronic subpressor norepinephrine infusion to prevent depletion of myocardial norepinephrine stores and deterioration of myocardial adrenergic nerve function in congestive heart failure was examined. Four groups of adult male Wistar rats were subjected to aortic constriction or sham aortic constriction, along with either norepinephrine infusion or infusion of vehicle alone. After 7 days of treatment, these animals were evaluated for myocardial norepinephrine content, ventricular mass, and resting hemodynamics. Chronotropic and inotropic responses to electrical stimulation of the left and right cervical sympathetic trunks and to intravenous injections of tyramine and norepinephrine were measured. Chronic norepinephrine infusion normalized myocardial norepinephrine content in aortic-constricted rats but did not significantly affect heart size or mortality. Norepinephrine infusion diminished responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation, despite apparently normal myocardial norepinephrine sensitivity. The results suggest that chronic norepinephrine infusion suppresses neurotransmission in the heart by some means unrelated to its norepinephrine store. This suppression may be compensatory and reversible. PMID- 3157330 TI - Enzymatic synthesis of uniformly 32P-labeled polyribonucleotides and high specific-activity ribonucleoside 5'-[alpha-32P]diphosphates. AB - Uniformly 32P-labeled polyribonucleotides of high specific activity can be rapidly and easily synthesized from commercially available ribonucleoside 5' [alpha-32P]triphosphates by using two enzymes in sequence. Myosin ATPase completely and irreversibly converted any triphosphates to diphosphates in 10 min. The product diphosphates, without purification, can be polymerized by polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) in 1 h with an average yield of 60%. By choosing the desired molar ratio of radioactive and nonradioactive tri- or diphosphates, polymers of a wide range of specific activity can be obtained. Since myosin ATPase and PNPase both have little base specificity, the method can be used to synthesize a radiolabeled polymer of any desired base composition. PMID- 3157329 TI - Renal response to atrial natriuretic factor in conscious dogs with caval constriction. AB - Constriction of the thoracic inferior vena cava to decrease venous return and atrial filling markedly elevates plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and produces chronic sodium retention and ascites in the dog. Infusion of a synthetic atrial natriuretic factor into conscious dogs with caval constriction and ascites at doses of 175 and 350 ng X kg-1 X min-1 for 30 min each produced striking increases (P less than 0.05) in creatinine clearance, diuresis, and kaliuresis but failed to increase urinary sodium excretion. Infusions of atrial natriuretic factor at these doses into conscious normal dogs, however, produced a striking increase in sodium excretion from 41 +/ 14 and 55 +/- 19 mu eq/min to 150 +/- 58 and 181 +/- 49 mu eq/min (P less than 0.05 for both values). Creatinine clearance and urine flow also increased in these normal dogs, but potassium excretion remained unchanged during the infusion periods. Atrial natriuretic factor produced parallel suppression (P less than 0.05) of the elevated levels of PRA and PAC in the caval dogs but failed to significantly decrease either PRA or PAC in the normal animals. Arterial pressure, heart rate, and PAH clearance were unchanged in both groups of dogs during infusion of atrial natriuretic factor. These results suggest that the pattern of renal electrolyte excretion elicited in response to the acute infusion of atrial natriuretic factor is dependent, at least partially, on the preexisting status of the renal tubules to facilitate sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion. The results also are consistent with the concept that atrial natriuretic factor might function to tonically inhibit the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system. PMID- 3157331 TI - The priming principle. PMID- 3157332 TI - Facilitation of rapid endotracheal intubations with divided doses of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs. AB - The authors sought to determine whether prior administration of a small, subparalyzing dose of nondepolarizing muscle relaxant would shorten the onset time of an intubating dose of muscle relaxant. Initially, in 60 anesthetized patients, twitch response of adductor pollicis to ulnar nerve stimulation was studied after a small dose of pancuronium 0.015 mg . kg-1, metocurine 0.03 mg . kg-1, or d-tubocurarine 0.04 mg . kg-1, followed 3 min later by pancuronium 0.08 mg . kg-1 or atracurium 0.4 mg . kg-1 administered iv. After 60 s, the minimum neuromuscular block, in all patients was 79.0 +/- 5.0%. A 95% depression or twitch tension occurred between 59.1 +/- 5.3 and 86.1 +/- 5.9 s. In another 60 patients, intubating conditions under similar regimen were studied, except the small dose of muscle relaxant was given immediately prior to induction of anesthesia. At the end of 60 s, good to excellent intubating conditions were present in 100% of the patients following the second dose of pancuronium and in 83% of the patients following atracurium. In 17% of the patients, after atracurium intubating conditions were fair. When nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs are administered in divided doses, neuromuscular blockade adequate for endotracheal intubation is achieved in less than 90 s. This facilitates rapid endotracheal intubation in a time comparable to using succinylcholine, without undesirable effects of the depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs. PMID- 3157333 TI - Cardiovascular and blood gas responses to ketanserin in canine pulmonary edema induced by oleic acid. AB - This study was performed to determine the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of ketanserin, a specific 5-HT2 antagonist, following oleic acid lung injury in anesthetized dogs. Following intravenous administration of oleic acid (0.1 ml/kg) to a control group (N = 7), systemic blood pressure decreased significantly. This lowered level of systemic blood pressure was maintained throughout the experiment. Cardiac output gradually decreased following oleic acid administration, while total peripheral resistance, pulmonary vascular resistance, and pulmonary arterial pressure were increased significantly. In a group treated with intravenous ketanserin (0.16 mg/kg, N = 7) 60 min after the injection of oleic acid, no decrease in cardiac output was seen. The increased total peripheral resistance, pulmonary vascular resistance, and pulmonary arterial pressure following injection of oleic acid also were returned toward preoleic acid levels. However systemic blood pressure showed no significant improvement after treatment with ketanserin nor did ketanserin protect against progressive hypoxemia following pulmonary injury with oleic acid. A progressive increase in hemoglobin concentration was seen after oleic acid in the control group. This recovered toward the preoleic acid level following treatment with ketanserin. The postmortem lung wet-dry weight ratio was significantly lower in the treated group compared with the control group. In conclusion, these data suggest that serotonin may have a role in including cardiopulmonary hemodynamic disturbances and in producing increases in extravascular lung water when pulmonary edema is induced by oleic acid injection in anesthetized dogs. PMID- 3157334 TI - [Aplasia of the iliac vein. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 3157335 TI - The genetics of thyroiditis as a prototype of human autoimmune disease. AB - The predisposition to autoimmune disease has been termed an autoimmune diathesis. The genetic basis for this predisposition has been analyzed, using three different models: juvenile thyroiditis in humans, spontaneous thyroiditis in chickens, and experimental thyroiditis in mice. At least three different categories of genetic factors contribute to the development of autoimmunity. They include an increased immune response due to immunoregulatory genes associated with the major histocompatibility complex, the balance of thymus-derived lymphocyte population with helper/inducer vs suppressor properties, and intrinsic metabolic abnormalities of the target thyroid cells. PMID- 3157336 TI - Characterization of T cell subsets in patients with atopic dermatitis using OKT monoclonal antibodies. AB - The distribution of T cell subsets has been studied by means of OKT monoclonal antibodies in 19 children with atopic dermatitis. In these patients a decreased percentage of circulating OKT4+ cells has been observed, while no difference has been found between atopic and normal subjects, regarding the percentages of circulating OKT8+ and OKT11+ cells. An increased OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio has been detected only in three children with a particularly severe and extensive atopic eczema. PMID- 3157337 TI - [Intravenous anesthetics: what future?]. PMID- 3157338 TI - Modified Thiersch operation for rectal prolapse. Technique and results. AB - Rectal prolapse is best treated by intra-abdominal or perineal procedures that either resect the redundant rectosigmoid colon or fix the rectum within the pelvis. We have found the Thiersch procedure to be adequate treatment in patients who are high risk or who have only mild to moderate prolapse of the rectum. Over the past 20 years, we have treated 15 patients with a modified Thiersch procedure, using a knitted Dacron vascular graft to encircle the anus. One patient required a second Thiersch procedure after failure of a Ripstein procedure that followed failure of a Thiersch procedure done with wire. A second Thiersch procedure was required in two patients after suture breakage, and in one patient after removal of an infected graft. Two other patients had graft infections necessitating removal of the Dacron graft; one patient had a perianal infection that was treated without removing the graft. Continence was achieved in six of nine patients previously incontinent, and maintained in the six patients who had been continent before operation. Prolapse was corrected in 13 of the 15 patients. Although the Thiersch procedure is not applicable to all patients with rectal prolapse, it can be used successfully when performed properly. PMID- 3157340 TI - Laparoscopic sonography. PMID- 3157339 TI - Vancomycin and red necks. PMID- 3157341 TI - Endoscopic ultrasonography in liver disease. PMID- 3157342 TI - [Coronary occlusion immediately following a successful coronary angioplasty. Treatment by repeat angioplasty]. AB - The authors report the case of a 52 year old patient with a significant stenosis of the medial portion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) with excellent left ventricular function. Transluminal coronary angioplasty (TCA) was indicated following a positive exercise stress test. This was initially performed successfully. Fifteen minutes after the end of the procedure, a total obstruction occurred at the site of dilatation immediately eliciting significant precordial chest pain and massive elevation of the ST segment. Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) at a dose of 2 mg was injected into the artery 3 times without success as was an attempt to pass through the obstruction with a guide wire. Another TCA was then attempted without administration of the thrombolytic agent. The dilating catheter passed easily by the obstruction permitting several dilatations which restored rapid coronary artery flow, relieved completely the chest pain, and normalized electrocardiographic abnormalities. This procedure represents a new therapeutic approach to obstruction, an often unpredictable and serious complication of coronary angioplasty in the absence of collateral circulation, thereby preventing the development of a myocardial infarction and an emergency aortocoronary bypass operation. PMID- 3157343 TI - Acute exacerbation of Parkinson's disease with sulindac. PMID- 3157344 TI - Therapeutic efficacy of teicoplanin in experimental enterococcal endocarditis. AB - The antimicrobial activities of teicoplanin and ampicillin, alone and in combination with gentamicin, were compared in experimental Streptococcus faecalis endocarditis. Bacterial titers in vegetations of rabbits treated with teicoplanin were significantly lower than those of untreated controls (P less than 0.01) and were equivalent to titers in ampicillin-treated animals. Gentamicin increased the activities of both drugs to a comparable degree. PMID- 3157345 TI - Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of cephalosporins on surface properties and siderophore production in iron-depleted Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Subinhibitory MICs (sub-MICs) of several cephalosporins significantly reduced the enterochelin production of Klebsiella pneumoniae 327 grown under iron-depleted conditions and also reduced capsule formation regardless of iron availability. The surface hydrophobicity of K. pneumoniae 327 increased significantly when the bacteria were grown in either iron-sufficient or iron-depleted media in the presence of sub-MICs of all the cephalosporins used in this study. Antisera raised against a non-encapsulated K. pneumoniae strain caused rapid agglutination of K. pneumoniae 327 grown in the presence of sub-MICs of the cephalosporins but no agglutination of the same strain grown in drug-free media. The results indicated that the cephalosporins reduced enterochelin production and also capsule formation to the extent that noncapsular surface antigens were exposed, with possible significant consequences in vivo. PMID- 3157346 TI - Effectiveness of aztreonam for the treatment of gonorrhea. AB - Aztreonam, 1 g intramuscularly, was compared with spectinomycin, 2 g intramuscularly, for uncomplicated gonorrhea. There were no failures with either drug. For aztreonam, there were 26 urethral, 3 rectal, and 3 endocervical sites that were infected. Aztreonam in a single dose of 1 g intramuscularly is satisfactory therapy for uncomplicated urethral gonorrhea in men and may be effective for rectal and endocervical infection as well. PMID- 3157347 TI - Divalent cation-dependent ATPase activities in ciliary membranes and other surface structures in Paramecium tetraurelia: comparative in vitro studies. AB - Cilia membrane preparations from axenically grown Paramecium contain ATPase activities with distinct electrophoretic mobilities on Triton-polyacrylamide gels [M.J. Doughty and E.S. Kaneshiro (1983) J. Protozool. 30, 569-575]. Such gel analyses also show additional ATPase activity bands associated with ciliary axonemes (dyneins), cell pellicles, exocytotic trichocysts, and the external cell surface (ectoenzyme). In the present report, the in vitro properties of these activities in various cell fractions were compared. The activity in ciliary membranes was stimulated by Ca2+ greater than Mg2+, in pellicles by Ca2+ greater than Mg2+, and in trichocysts by Ca2+ = Mg2+. The ecto-ATPase was strictly Ca2+ dependent. Determination of the affinities for various phosphate-containing substrates showed that the activities in all fractions were nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolases. Unlike the axonemal dynein ATPases, all other fractions were vanadate- and p-chloromercuribenzoate-insensitive. Activities in all cell fractions were sensitive to ruthenium red, the ciliary membrane being the most sensitive (Ki = 4 microM). The ciliary membrane Ca2+ ATPase activity exhibited an apparent affinity for CaATP2- of 9 microM and was inhibited by other divalent cations, La3+, and phosphate, but not by ADP or AMP. The kinetic properties of the ciliary membrane Ca2+ ATPase activity in wild type and several behavioral mutants were similar except for those in the pawn mutant, d495, and the paranoiac mutant, d490, both of which had lower specific activities. These studies support the finding that the ciliary membrane ATPase activity of Paramecium is a specific Ca2+-dependent ATPase distinct from other divalent cation-dependent ATPase activities found in either the cilia or other cell surface structures. PMID- 3157348 TI - Studies of the coenzyme binding site of rat ovarian 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. AB - Rat ovarian 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was shown to be effectively inhibited by adenosine derivatives, nicotinamide derivatives, NADP analogs, N alkylammonium chlorides, and carboxylic acids through coenzyme-competitive inhibition studies. Multiple inhibition analysis was used to demonstrate either simultaneous binding of inhibitors that interact with different regions of the NADP-binding site or mutual exclusion of inhibitors that interact with the same region on the enzyme. The results of these studies demonstrated that the 2' phosphate, the pyrophosphate, and the positively charged ring nitrogen are important features of the coenzyme structure in binding to the coenzyme-binding site of the enzyme. In addition, the presence of a hydrophobic region near the NADP-binding site was indicated by positive chainlength effects observed in the binding of nicotinamide derivatives, alkylammonium chlorides, and carboxylic acids. PMID- 3157349 TI - [The augmentation of tumor-specific immunity by T-T cell interaction]. AB - The present study establishes a tumor-specific immunotherapy model based on the principle of T-T cell interaction mechanism responsible for augmenting the induction of anti-tumor-specific effector T cells. In this model, high incidence of tumor regression was observed in hosts bearing transplantable or autochthonous tumors when these hosts, in which hapten-reactive helper T cells had been generated, received an injection of haptenic solution into the growing tumor mass. This indicated a role of hapten-reactive helper T cells in regressing the tumor. In consideration clinical application of this tumor-specific immunotherapy model, we have also tried to investigate the use of more appropriate haptenic compounds and have succeeded in synthesizing a noble haptenic compound cross reactive with BCG, a haptenic muramyl dipeptide (MDP) derivative. The results demonstrated that prepriming of BCG and subsequent immunization with syngeneic tumor cells (mitomycin C-treated) modified with the haptenic MDP derivative resulted in the enhanced induction of tumor-specific immunity. Further investigation is in progress to establish a new tumor-specific immunotherapy model by utilizing this haptenic MDP derivative. PMID- 3157351 TI - [Effects of antiestrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate on the clonogenic growth of tamoxifen-sensitive and resistant human breast cancer cells]. AB - Effects of tamoxifen (TAM), nafoxidine (NFA), 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OH-TAM), 3 hydroxytamoxifen (3-OH-TAM), and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on the clonogenic growth of a hormone-responsive human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and its tamoxifen-resistant variant (R-27) were studied. TAM, (10(-6)M) showed an inhibitory effect on the colony formation in a plastic dish of MCF-7 cells only in medium containing DDC-treated FCS (E2(-) medium). With the presence of E2 (10( 8)M) in the medium (E2(+) medium), TAM did not show any effect on cell growth. Irrespective of the presence or absence of E2 in the medium, there was no inhibitory effect of TAM on the clonogenic growth of R-27 cells. The ID50 values, expressed as the suppression of plating efficiencies, obtained by adding NFA, 4 OH-TAM, 3-OH-TAM, and MPA to the MCF-7 cells were shown to be 2 X 10(-7)M, less than 10(-8)M, 1 X 10(-7)M, and 4 X 10(-7)M, respectively in the E2 (-) medium, and 2 X 10(-6)M, 2 X 10(-7)M, 2 X 10(-6)M, and 4 X 10(-8)M respectively in the E2 (+) medium. For the R-27 cells, ID50 values obtained by adding NAF, 4-OH-TAM, 3 OH-TAM, and MPA were 7 X 10(-7)M, 5 X 10(-8)M, 4 X 10(-7)M, and 6 X 10(-8)M, respectively in the E2(-) medium, and 2 X 10(-6)M, 2 X 10(-6)M, greater than 5 X 10(-6)M, and 1 X 10(-8)M, respectively in the E2(+) medium. These results suggest that the antiestrogens used produce their suppressive effects on cell growth depending on the E2 concentration in the medium in these estrogen-responsive cell lines, and that the monohydroxytamoxifens are more potent than TAM in suppressing cell growth. The effects of MPA are shown to be different from the antiestrogen used in that MPA inhibited the growth of both TAM-sensitive and-resistant cells, independent of the presence or absence of E2 in the medium. The R-27 cell line, a variant of the MCF-7 cell line, appears to be a good model for studying antiestrogen resistance and for evaluating the effectiveness of agents against endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells. PMID- 3157350 TI - [New developments in chemotherapy for experimental brain metastasis]. AB - Numerous animal models of brain tumor have been developed for screening new chemotherapeutic agents effective for brain tumors. However, most of these models have problem (s) of mechanical disruption of the blood-brain barrier by tumor inoculation and/or discrepancy in histologic nature and site of growth between inoculated tumors and human tumors. With the purpose of establishing a better model for the evaluation of antitumor activity, we have developed rat models of leptomeningeal tumors by intralateral-ventricle inoculation of myelogenous leukemia cells (DBLA-6) or AH130 ascites hepatoma cells. It was proved that in the two models there was no disruption of blood-brain barrier function by tumor inoculation and that the histologic pattern of DBLA-6 model tumor closely resembled the diffuse meningeal involvement of leukemic cells seen in the human disease. Using these models, several antitumor agents have been tested and ACNU, CCNU and procarbazine were found to be highly effective when given intravenously or intraperitoneally, and the intralateral-ventricle administration of methotrexate was also found to show a moderate antitumor activity. Furthermore it was found that intraperitoneal administration of spirohydantoin mustard, and intralateral-ventricle administration of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine were highly effective against the AH130 model. PMID- 3157352 TI - [Immunological study on localized intrahepatic injection of Adriamycin- experimental study in rats]. AB - Using Charles River-SD 7-week-old rats, a study was carried out on the immunological changes resulting from localized intrahepatic injection of Adriamycin (ADM). The subjects were categorized into groups injected with either saline solution, ADM-0.5mg/kg, ADM-1.0mg/kg or ADM-2.0mg/kg. Measurements were undertaken prior to injection, on the first day and on the fifth day after injection through cardiac blood sampling to determine the absolute counts of T cells, B-cells, helper T-cells, and suppressor T-cells. On comparing these values in the saline group to the ADM groups prior to the ADM groups prior to the first day. By the fifth day, however, significant differences were evident between changes which had occurred in the two groups. When changes in the saline group and the ADM-0.5 group were studied prior to localized intrahepatic injection on the fifth day, there no significant differences. The ADM-1.0 group and the ADM 2.0 group showed a decline in T-cells (P less than 0.05) with no changes in B cells, Th-cells or Ts-cells. As shown above, when the liver was injected with saline, no immunological changes were recognized. On the other hand, reduction in T-cells was ascertained when ADM was injected. PMID- 3157354 TI - Anterior thigh pain or tenderness. A diagnostically useful manifestation of bacteremia. AB - In four patients with putative infectious process, anterior, bilateral proximal thigh pain and tenderness unaccompanied by generalized myalgias developed. This unusual manifestation, observed in these and other patients, was associated with demonstrable bacteremia. Aside from tenderness, no local abnormalities were found and the pain and tenderness disappeared after appropriate therapy. Creatine kinase levels, measured in three of the four patients, were elevated in only one. This manifestation is useful clinically as it strongly suggests bacteremia; attention to this finding can be lifesaving. PMID- 3157353 TI - Correlation of disease activity and drug therapy with the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The response of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to autologous synovial fluid lymphocytes (SFL) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Reiter's syndrome was investigated in an autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). SFL were found to be poor responders but strong stimulators of autologous and allogeneic PBL compared with autologous PBL. The plastic-adherent (macrophage) cells from the SFL were found to be highly stimulatory to autologous PBL, particularly when the adherent cells were removed from the responding PBL. The stimulation of these PBL non-adherent cells by SFL adherent cells follows two main trends: either no stimulation, or higher stimulation than using unseparated SFL and PBL. Patients in the high stimulator group were taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs while those in the low responder group were taking, in addition, second-line drugs such as D-penicillamine or gold. Autologous serum was found to inhibit the AMLR and this is probably due to drug metabolites in patients' sera. Initial results show that the AMLR in individual patients is highly correlated, over time, with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). PMID- 3157355 TI - Phenylbutazone-induced systemic vasculitis with crescentic glomerulonephritis. AB - Two patients had phenylbutazone-induced systemic vasculitis syndrome. Both presented with acute oliguric renal failure, and renal biopsies showed severe crescentic glomerulonephritis with marked interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration. Withdrawal of phenylbutazone and treatment with immunosuppressives and plasma exchange led to recovery of renal function in one case. PMID- 3157357 TI - [Transluminal coronary angioplasty. Experience apropos of 155 procedures]. AB - The authors report their experience of transluminal coronary angioplasty (TCA) from February 1980 to November 1983. 140 patients underwent TCA and 155 procedures were performed. The mean age was 55 years (range 33 to 74 years). Clinically, the patients presented with Stage I angina in 26 cases (18 p. 100), Stage II in 18 cases (13 p. 100), Stage III in 24 cases (17 p. 100) and Stage IV in 72 cases (52 p. 100), according to the NYHA Classification. 23 patients (16.5 p. 100) underwent combined thrombolysis - TCA. The coronary artery disease was limited to a single vessel in 135 cases (96 p. 100) and involved 2 vessels in 5 cases (4 p. 100). The overall results showed a 71 p. 100 primary success rate. There were no fatalities. The incidence of myocardial infarction was 3 p. 100 (5 patients) and emergency coronary bypass surgery was necessary in 16 patients (10 p. 100). The results in two groups of patients were compared: Group A: 69 patients treated with a conventional balloon catheter. Group B: 86 patients treated with a balloon catheter with a guide wire. The coronary stenosis was catheterised in 73 p. 100 of patients in Group A, and 90 p. 100 of patients in Group B (p less than 0.01). The primary success rate was 56 p. 100 in Group A and 83 p. 100 in Group B. The use of this new material improves the primary success rate and also makes more distal, anatomically atypical lesions, accessible. PMID- 3157356 TI - [Long-term effects of transluminal coronary angioplasty. French multicenter study]. AB - Although transluminal coronary angioplasty is now acknowledged as an effective treatment for coronary artery disease, the long-term outcome of patients treated by this method is still under evaluation. A french multicenter trial was set up and the long-term efficacy of transluminal coronary angioplasty was assessed in 546 patients undergoing the procedure before the 31/3/83. 380 initial successes (69 p. 100) were followed up for a period ranging from 6 to 48 months (average 19.9 +/- 10.4 months). A control coronary angiography was carried out in 88 p. 100 of cases. Restenosis (loss of over 50 p. 100 of initial angiographic improvement) was observed in 27 p. 100 of cases. Including the repeat procedures, the patency rate of the dilated vessels was 82 p. 100. Progression of atherosclerosis on another coronary artery was observed in 1.3 p. 100 of cases. After transluminal coronary angioplasty, 72 p. 100 of patients remained improved, 11 p. 100 underwent repeat angioplasty, 8 p. 100 underwent coronary bypass surgery, 1.3 p. 100 suffered myocardial infarction and 1.3 p. 100 died. Restenosis was associated with recurrence of angina pectoris in 90 p. 100 of cases (within 3.3 +/- 1.6 months) and a positive exercise stress test in 87 p. 100 of cases. Recurrence of angina due to progression of disease on the dilated vessel was observed in 24.2 p. 100 of cases; repeat transluminal coronary angioplasty was carried out for this indication in 38 p. 100 of cases, coronary bypass in 34.8 p. 100 and medical treatment was continued in 27.2 p. 100 of cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3157358 TI - [Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection]. AB - On the occasion of a new case and review of 9 others in the literature, the authors seek to establish the hallmarks of the nephritis occurring after M. pneumoniae infection. It often consists of an acute nephritic syndrome, 10 to 40 days after a respiratory tract infection; hematological abnormalities are not constant. Histological examination of the kidney shows a type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in 2, dense deposit disease in 2 and tubulo-interstitial nephritis in one. Immunofluorescence studies have shown the microbial antigen 3 times out of 4. Specific antibiotherapy does not charge the prognosis of the extrarespiratory manifestations, for which an immunologic mechanism is likely. PMID- 3157359 TI - [The future of children cured of cancer. Insertion into adult life]. AB - The socio-professional future of adults cured from a malignant solid tumor of childhood has been evaluated in 356 out of 476 patients followed 5 to 36 years after diagnosis (median: 17 years). Their professions appear similar to those observed in people of the same age, except for 2/3 of brain tumor patients who are more or less severely handicapped. Couples have been formed by 165 patients, 20 of them severely handicapped. Most of these people take an ardent interest in life, and part of them harbor a more or less secrete anguish of relapse. The conditions of their familial and socio-economic life play an important role in their adaptation to the life of a "cured from cancer patient". PMID- 3157360 TI - Numerous mast cells in an 11-deoxycorticosterone-producing adrenocortical tumor. Histologic evaluation of benignancy and comparison with mast cell distribution in adrenal glands and neoplastic counterparts of 67 surgical specimens. AB - Pathologic study of a rare 11-deoxycorticosterone-producing adrenocortical tumor causing primary aldosteronismlike signs and symptoms, revealed several characteristic features as follows: (1) fairly large size with histologic features corresponding to those of benign zone glomerulosa-type aldosteronoma, (2) lack of spironolactone (S) bodies despite S administration, and (3) heavy mast cell infiltration. In order to explain this rare histology, the localization of mast cells in the adrenal glands and functioning adrenocortical tumors of 67 surgical specimens were investigated. The results of the study supported the view that detection of mast cells helps in the differentiation of mineralocorticoid producing tumors from cortisol-producing ones, and that the observed mast cell infiltration was due, in part, to its production of 11-deoxycorticosterone. PMID- 3157362 TI - Multiple sclerosis and depression. PMID- 3157361 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of stenotic deep vein arterial bypass grafts. AB - Successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed in six patients with lower-extremity vein-graft stenosis. In all patients we used autogenous, superficial femoral veins as the vein-graft material because the greater saphenous veins were too small or had been harvested for previous surgery. Angioplasty was performed on three men and three women (average age, 73 years). Stenosis of the vein graft was suspected in the presence of recurrent symptoms and physical signs of vascular insufficiency; additionally, Doppler pulse volume recordings of the ankle aided in the identification of patients with falling grafts. Angiography confirmed the presence of superficial femoral vein stenosis in all patients prior to balloon catheter dilation. On an average, angioplasty was performed approximately seven months following surgery; successful dilation was demonstrated by an increased luminal diameter seen arteriographically. Two of the six patients underwent a second angioplasty six months after the first procedure. Graft patency has been maintained in all six patients, as measured by clinical follow-up and Doppler pulse volume recordings. Arteriography was performed in the presence of recurrent symptoms or physical signs of diminished flow to the extremity. The oldest surviving grafts in this group of patients are 24 and 26 months, respectively. PMID- 3157363 TI - Urinary undiversion in children. PMID- 3157365 TI - Peyronie's disease. PMID- 3157366 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: implications and directions. PMID- 3157364 TI - Intermittent self-catheterization. PMID- 3157367 TI - Isometric abdominal muscle training and G tolerance. AB - Methods to increase G tolerance of pilots flying high-performance aircraft are of vital importance. Straining maneuvers to increase G tolerance involve abdominal muscles, and high intra-abdominal pressures (IAP) are recorded during G exposure. This study was carried out to examine the effects of an 11-week abdominal muscle training program on maximal IAP, G tolerance and muscle strength/endurance in 10 fighter pilots. G tolerance was measured in a human centrifuge using simulated aerial combat maneuvers (ACM). The pilots had a higher maximal IAP before training than a control group. G tolerance, maximal IAP, and maximal peak torque of knee extensors were not changed by the training. In contrast, leg muscle endurance increased (p less than 0.01) and ratings of local perceived exertion decreased (p less than 0.01). Static endurance of the knee extensors was positively correlated (p less than 0.05) with G tolerance. It is concluded that the present abdominal training program, employed in experienced fighter pilots, is not sufficient to increase IAP or G tolerance. PMID- 3157368 TI - Influence of the thyroid state on myocardial myosin in the adult pig heart. AB - The influence of hyper- and hypothyroidism on atrial and ventricular myosin structure and Ca2+-activated ATPase activity has been analyzed in adult mini pigs. Whereas no difference could be demonstrated between hypo- and euthyroid ventricular myocardium, Ca2+-activated ATPase activity was significantly higher in the hyperthyroid than in the hypo- or euthyroid state. Using pyrophosphate electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing of subfragment 1 this could be ascribed to an additional ventricular myosin in the hyperthyroid myocardium. Atrial myosin ATPase activity and structure were not influenced by the thyroid state of the animals. These results present evidence that thyreotoxicosis induces an additional isomyosin in the pig ventricular myocardium, albeit to a lesser degree than in the rodent heart. The lacking difference between the hypothyroid and the euthyroid states indicates that a myosin with a lower enzymatic activity than the normal ventricular myosin is not synthesized in the heart of higher mammals. PMID- 3157369 TI - Comparison between 1-deoxynojirimycin and N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin as inhibitors of oligosaccharide processing in intestinal epithelial cells. AB - The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin (MDJN) inhibits the synthesis of N-linked complex oligosaccharides in rat intestinal epithelial cells to the same extent as reported previously for 1-deoxynojirimycin (DJN) [Saunier, Kilker, Tkacz, Quaroni & Herscovics (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 14155-14161]. Analysis of each of the endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (endo H)-sensitive oligosaccharides separated by h.p.l.c. with yeast glucosidase I, which specifically removes the terminal glucose residue from oligosaccharides containing three glucose residues, and with jack-bean (Canavalia ensiformis) alpha-mannosidase, indicates that both inhibitors cause the accumulation of a mixture of glucosylated oligosaccharides containing one to three glucose residues and seven to nine, and even possibly six, mannose residues. About 70% of the endo H-sensitive oligosaccharides formed in the presence of MDJN contain three glucose residues, compared with only about 20% of the corresponding oligosaccharides of the DJN treated cells. It is concluded that both compounds inhibit the formation of N-linked complex oligosaccharides by interfering with the processing glucosidases. These compounds are valuable in the study of the role of oligosaccharides in glycoproteins. PMID- 3157370 TI - Ca2+ transport and Ca2+-dependent ATP hydrolysis by Golgi vesicles from lactating rat mammary glands. AB - Ca2+ transport across mammary-gland Golgi membranes was measured after centrifugation of the membrane vesicles through silicone oil. In the presence of 2.3 microM free Ca2+ the vesicles accumulated 5.8 nmol of Ca2+/mg of protein without added ATP, and this uptake was complete within 0.5 min. In the presence of 1 mM-ATP, Ca2+ was accumulated at a linear rate for 10 min after the precipitation of intravesicular Ca2+ with 10 mM-potassium oxalate. ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake exhibited a Km of 0.14 microM for Ca2+ and a Vmax. of 3.1 nmol of Ca2+/min per mg of protein. Ca2+-dependent ATP hydrolysis exhibited a Km of 0.16 microM for Ca2+ and a Vmax. of 10.1 nmol of Pi/min per mg of protein. The stoichiometry between ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+-stimulated ATPase varied between 0.3 and 0.7 over the range 0.03-8.6 microM-Ca2+. Both Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+-stimulated ATPase were strongly inhibited by orthovanadate, which suggests that the major mechanism by which Golgi vesicles accumulate Ca2+ is through the action of the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase. However, Ca2+ uptake was also decreased by the protonophore CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone), indicating that it may occur by other mechanisms too. The effect of CCCP may be related to the existence of transmembrane pH gradients (delta pH) in these vesicles: the addition of 30 microM-CCCP reduced delta pH from a control value of 1.06 to 0.73 pH unit. Golgi vesicles also possess a Ca2+-efflux pathway which operated at an initial rate of 0.5-0.57 nmol/min per mg of protein. PMID- 3157371 TI - Quantification of tissue fibronectin from terminal villi of placenta. AB - Tissue fibronectin (TFn) was solubilized from the terminal villi of perfused human placentas by sequential chemical extractions and plasmin digestion. Alternatively, plasmin digestion of intact tissue solubilized all the TFn, which amounted to 1.8-2.9% of the dry weight of the villi. Concomitantly, 69% of the tissue was solubilized. The non-equilibrium competitive e.l.i.s.a. (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay), in which the TFn was immunologically identical with plasma fibronectin (PFn), was used for the quantification of TFn. This study demonstrates that the bulk of TFn can be obtained in a form that can be quantified by e.l.i.s.a. and that TFn is immunologically identical with PFn. Thus the fibronectin molecule is not significantly altered as it is incorporated into the connective-tissue matrix and could exchange with PFn. PMID- 3157373 TI - Phosphorylated intermediates of two hepatic microsomal ATPases. AB - The hepatic microsomal Ca2+- and Mg2+-dependent ATPase phosphoenzyme intermediates were distinguished by using the chelators EGTA and CDTA (trans cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-NNN'N'-tetra-acetic acid). The Ca2+-ATPase intermediate is a hydroxylamine-labile base-labile 125 000-Mr phosphoprotein. The Mg2+-ATPase intermediate is a hydroxylamine-stable base-stable 30 000-Mr phosphoprotein. This enzyme intermediate probably reflects the large basal ATPase activity of hepatic microsomal fraction. It is dependent on Mg2+, since formation of the phosphoenzyme is abolished in the presence of CDTA. Under these conditions, the basal ATPase activity is dramatically decreased. These data demonstrate two separate and distinct enzymes which are responsible for the two ATPase activities of hepatic microsomal fraction. Furthermore, these data indicate that more meaningful data about the microsomal Ca2+-ATPase might be obtained if the free ion concentrations are controlled with CDTA. PMID- 3157372 TI - The 3-dehydroquinate synthase activity of the pentafunctional arom enzyme complex of Neurospora crassa is Zn2+-dependent. AB - We have demonstrated the co-purification in constant ratio of all five activities of the pentafunctional arom enzyme complex from Neurospora crassa. Progressive inactivation of the 3-dehydroquinate synthase component of the purified enzyme complex by chelating agents was blocked by the substrate, 3-deoxy-D-arabino heptulosonate 7-phosphate, but not by the cofactor NAD+. Full activity was restored at Zn2+ concentrations as low as 0.05 nM. Atomic absorption data indicated that the intact enzyme complex contained 1 atom per subunit of tightly bound zinc. The arom 3-dehydroquinate synthase had a calculated turnover number of 19s-1, this being within the narrow range of values obtained for the other four activities of the intact multifunctional enzyme. The Km for 3-deoxy-D arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate was 1.4 microM in a phosphate-free buffer; inorganic phosphate was a competitive inhibitor with respect to 3-deoxy-D-arabino heptulosonate 7-phosphate. PMID- 3157374 TI - Discontinuities in the topography of alcohol dehydrogenase-sodium dodecyl sulphate complexes revealed by mutagenesis and proteolysis. AB - Experiments utilizing proteolytic mapping of maize Alcohol dehydrogenase-1 protein (EC 1.1.1.1; ADH) showed that, in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), two discrete areas of the protein molecule were hypersensitive to digestion with Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase. These areas were mapped to points 11 and 27 kDa along the 41 kDa polypeptide. Furthermore, ADH1 proteins isolated from the ethyl methanesulphonate-induced mutants U725 and W586 showed both a change in electrophoretic mobility in SDS gels, and an altered V8 proteinase digestion pattern. Protein from U725 migrated in SDS gels as though it was 2 kDa smaller than wild-type ADH protein and lacked the 11 kDa cleavage site. Protein from W586 lacked the 30 kDa cleavage site and migrated as if it was 3 kDa smaller than wild type. The possible relationships between proteinase cleavage sites, mutations and SDS gel mobilities are discussed. PMID- 3157375 TI - Structural analogies between protein kinase C activators. AB - Phorbol esters and diacylglycerols activate protein kinase C but specific structural parameters appear to be required for the enzyme activation. We have analyzed the conformation of potent and not potent diacylglycerols and phorbol esters. The orientation of the CH20H group at C3 of 1,2 diolein is remarkably similar to that of the same group at C-20 of 4 beta phorbol didecanoate and crucial for potency in activating the enzyme. Our data suggest that the new conformational approach here described could be used to rationally design specific inhibitors preventing the effects of tumor promoters and to predict the structure of potential tumor promoters. PMID- 3157377 TI - Simultaneous preparation of membrane fractions from small amounts of skeletal muscle: a study on mitochondrial and microsomal fractions from MedJ mice. AB - This work is the first biochemical study of skeletal muscle membranes isolated from mice displaying an inherited neuromuscular disease: MedJ strains. It is focused on the research of a possible alteration of membrane biological activities related to this disease. We describe a procedure which allows the simultaneous preparation of mitochondrial and microsomal fractions from a small amount of skeletal muscle. When EGTA and BSA are present in the buffers, functional mitochondria can be prepared. Under these conditions we found that no major modification occurs for this disease at the mitochondrial inner membrane level. A dramatic impairment of a calcium active transport activity found in the microsomal fraction obtained from MedJ is noticed, suggesting that some modification may occur at this level. PMID- 3157376 TI - In vitro metabolism of [2-13C]-ethanol by 1H NMR spectroscopy using 13C decoupling with the reverse dept polarization-transfer pulse sequence. AB - The metabolism of [2-13C]-ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase purified from Drosophila melanogaster has been observed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The reverse-DEPT pulse sequence, with composite pulse 13C decoupling to simplify and increase the signal-to-noise of spectra, has been used to eliminate the strong water signal while still observing the proton signals of metabolites of interest. Using these techniques the rates of synthesis of acetaldehyde, its diol and acetate from [2-13C] ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase were measured simultaneously. PMID- 3157378 TI - Expression of alcohol dehydrogenase in primary monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes. AB - With the use of an extensively modified Leibovitz-15 medium, the alcohol dehydrogenase activity of hepatocytes prepared from male rats was successfully maintained in primary culture at the level observed in freshly isolated hepatocytes. Enzyme activity was higher in freshly isolated cells from female rats than from male rats, but it fell to the level characteristic of the male animals after four days in culture. The levels of activity of the cells in culture from both sexes were unaffected by treatment with estrogens or androgens. The results suggest that the sex-determined differences in alcohol dehydrogenase activity in rats do not arise from direct effects of gonadal steroids on the liver. PMID- 3157379 TI - Differential structure-activity relationships of atrial peptides as natriuretics and renal vasodilators in the dog. AB - Natriuretic-diuretic and vasodilator activities of synthetic atriopeptin (AP) related peptides were examined in the anesthetized dog. We have selected, the naturally occurring, APIII as the reference compound for comparison with various related peptides. APIII is a 24 amino acid peptide with the sequence ser-ser-cys phe-gly-gly-arg-ile-asp-arg-ile-gly-ala-gln-ser-gly-leu-gly- cys-asn-ser-phe-arg tyr-OH. APII, another peptide isolated from atrial extracts, lacks the C-terminal arg- of APIII. N-terminal amino acid extensions on APIII or APII, exhibited enhanced natriuretic-diuretic effectiveness. Furthermore, the maximum response obtained by ser-leu-arg-arg-APIII and arg-arg-APIII were significantly higher and the dose-response curve was not parallel to that obtained with APIII. In contrast, there were no significant qualitative or quantitative differences between the renal blood flow responses produced by the N-terminal extended peptides and APII or APIII. These results suggest a heterogeneity of AP receptors in vascular and renal tubular tissues. PMID- 3157380 TI - Cystathionine beta synthase: gene dosage effect in trisomy 21. AB - The enzymatic activity of cystathionine beta synthase has been studied in fibroblasts of nine patients with regular trisomy 21. An excess of CBS activity was found in trisomy 21 with a trisomy 21/normal ratio equal to 1.66. A 1.04 ratio was found in 21q21----21 p ter monosomy; a 1.04 and 0.99 ratio was found in two 21 qter----21q22.3 monosomies; a 1.14 ratio in 21 qter----21q22 monosomy; a 0.89 ratio in a 21q21----21 pter trisomy; an excess of CBS activity was found in a 21q22.1 ----21q21 trisomy with a 1.57 ratio. These results show a gene dosage effect in human fibroblasts trisomic for chromosome 21 and suggest the assignment of human CBS locus between 21q22.1 and 21q21. PMID- 3157381 TI - Enhancement of acyl coenzyme A:retinol acyltransferase in rat liver and mammary tumor tissue by retinyl acetate and its competitive inhibition by N-(4 hydroxyphenyl) retinamide. AB - Retinol esterification by microsomal acyl coenzyme A:retinol acyltransferase was quantified in rat mammary tumor and liver tissue. Acyltransferase activity in the livers of mammary tumor-bearing rats was 40% of that in normal animals. In response to daily oral doses of 2 mg retinyl acetate for 18-19 days, activity increased 2.8-fold in transplanted rat mammary tumors, 4.1-fold in the livers of tumor-bearing rats, and 1.5-fold in the livers of normal rats. The in vitro esterification of retinol was competitively inhibited by all-trans-N-(4 hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (Ki = 154 microM). PMID- 3157382 TI - Inhibition of the mitochondrial Mg2+-ATPase by propranolol. AB - The in vitro effects of propranolol, a commonly used beta-adrenergic blocker, on the membrane structure and function of rat heart mitochondria were investigated. It was found that the respiratory control and oxidative phosphorylation of the isolated mitochondria decreased concomitantly when the drug was added to the assay medium. At the concentration higher than 1.0 X 10(-4) M, propranolol significantly inhibited the State 3 respiration but had little effect on the State 4 respiration of the mitochondria. On the other hand, the drug exhibited noncompetitive inhibitions toward the Mg2+-ATPase activity of submitochondrial particles and purified enzyme preparations at the concentrations ranging from 3.0 X 10(-4) to 1.5 X 10(-3) M. The inhibitory constants of propranolol toward the enzyme activity in submitochondrial particles and in the purified preparation were estimated to be 6.7 X 10(-4) and 1.4 X 10(-3) M, respectively. However, the drug did not show significant effect on the activity of any of the enzyme complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is thus concluded that propranolol impairs the mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation mainly through its inhibition of the Mg2+-ATPase activity of the mitochondria. This effect of propranolol may explain, at least partly, its depression effects on the cardiac functions of the animal. PMID- 3157383 TI - Influence of molsidomine on thiol-groups of mitochondrial membranes. AB - The active metabolite of molsidomine (N-carboxy-3-morpholino-sydnonimine ethylester, Corvaton), SIN-1 (3-morpholinosydnone imine), from 5 nmolar concentration onward, unmasks SH-groups of rat heart mitochondrial membranes. By comparison, the organic nitrate isosorbide dinitrate was found to mask the SH groups of rat heart mitochondria. In beef heart mitochondria, both antianginal substances decrease SH-group reactivity but to a different extent. Unmasking of mitochondrial SH-groups also did no longer occur in aged rat heart mitochondria. These findings may explain previous observations that for the formation of the guanylcyclase activating metabolite no thiol is necessary in the case of molsidomine, whereas organic nitrates need extra thiol for activation of guanylcyclase. PMID- 3157385 TI - Failure of 6-aminonicotinamide in selectively damaging astrocytes in vitro. AB - The present study investigates cytotoxic effects of 6-amino-nicotinamide (6-AN), a nicotinamide antagonist, in primary cultures of the dissociated postnatal mouse cerebellum. Initial effects were seen with 1.5 microM 6-AN of this substance included in the culture medium at plating. Established cultures responded to concentrations higher than 3.1 microM. The relative number of astrocytes (identified immunohistochemically) was not reduced in cultures exposed to low, but effective concentrations of 6-AN. We therefore conclude that 6-AN is no suitable agent to regulate the number of astrocytes in cell cultures. Thus, at the present alpha-aminoadipic acid remains the only substance which can be considered a selective gliotoxin in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 3157384 TI - [Influence on immune function parameters in histiocytosis-X of thymostimulin]. AB - Immune function (mitogen and antigen stimulation, suppressor cell activity, T cell subpopulation distribution) and immunogenetics (HLA-gene determination) were studied in 13 patients with histiocytosis-X and in 88 healthy controls. We found three clusters with significantly different immune responses (F-values greater than 4-20, p less than 0.05-0.001) against mitogenic and antigenic stimulation among the controls which differed, too, in HLA-gene distribution. As suppressor cell activity and T-cell subpopulation distribution are the same in all three control clusters, these reactivity differences should be functional ones and may be genetically determined. Patients with histiocytosis-X show a significantly reduced suppressor cell activity and their helper cells are significantly reduced compared to the controls (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, their lymphocyte reactivity does not correspond with their immunogenetics, but is significantly reduced (p less than 0.05-0.001). Suppressor cell activity, helper cells and lymphocyte reactivity normalized in all eight patients treated systemically with thymostimulin (Tp-1 Serono). It seems to be possible therefore, to influence immunological aberrations in vivo by thymostimulin. In our opinion, the results of this study justify further investigations of the immunoregulatory mechanisms of histiocytosis-X and larger prospective clinical trials with thymic factors to find out, whether such a therapy may be a real alternative to the conventional therapeutic approach in this disease. PMID- 3157387 TI - Atrial thrombosis, abnormal electrocardiograms and sudden death in mice due to copper deficiency. AB - Approximately 20 years ago a diet high in lard and sucrose was described that produced extensive cardiovascular damage in adult mice. Atrial thrombosis, myocardial necrosis and sudden death were frequent. These experiments were repeated as closely as possible; the adverse effects were prevented by a drinking solution containing 10 micrograms copper/ml. Lack of copper also was associated with anemia, cardiac enlargement and abnormal electrocardiograms. Bradycardia, coupled beats, ectopic ventricular foci, premature atrial beats and prolonged PR interval were found. Lack of copper had no effect on cholesterol in plasma. The results may be germane to ischemic heart disease and the thrombotic susceptibility of women who use oral contraceptives or are pregnant frequently, because copper metabolism is altered in these conditions. PMID- 3157386 TI - Modulation of in vitro cellular immune response by histamine agonists or antagonists in murine species. AB - The generation of secondary cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in vitro toward allogeneic P815 mastocytoma cells were suppressed 60-80% when 10(-4) mol/l histamine, 10(-5) mol/l dimaprit (S-[3-(N,N-dimethylamino) propyl]isothiourea dihydrochloride) or 10(-5) mol/l impromidine were present in the culture. Three lines of evidence suggest this observation was a result of an active suppression mechanism and not a result of drug toxicity: Control level activity was obtained when Interleukin-2/T-cell growth factor (IL-2) containing supernatants were added to suppressed cultures. Removal of drug after incubation resulted in control level responses upon reculture. The addition of these H2 agonists to spleen cells from nonimmune animals did not affect the primary CTL response to P815. The effects of H1 and H2 antagonists were also tested in this model. The observed suppression was abrogated by the H2 antagonists cimetidine and mifentidine but not by the H2 antagonist ranitidine nor H1 antagonists, chlorpheniramine, pyrilamine or diphenhydramine. These results suggest regulation of CTL differentiation to alloantigens can be modulated by H2 reactive entities. PMID- 3157388 TI - [Sanitation of abattoirs of cattle, sheep and swine]. PMID- 3157389 TI - [Nutrition in the aged and dental prostheses]. PMID- 3157390 TI - [Demand for vaccines in an immunization program, Guatemala]. PMID- 3157391 TI - [Preparation of a food manual for community health workers]. PMID- 3157393 TI - [Hypereosinophilic syndrome]. PMID- 3157392 TI - [Rotavirus and other enteropathogens in the etiology of acute diarrhea in Medellin, Colombia, 1982]. PMID- 3157394 TI - 'Midazolam in dentistry'. PMID- 3157396 TI - Comparison between high-dose sufentanil-oxygen and high-dose fentanyl-oxygen for neuroanaesthesia. AB - The cardiovascular responses to anaesthesia, neurosurgery and the postoperative administration of naloxone were studied in 20 patients. Ten patients were anaesthetized with sufentanil 20 micrograms kg-1 and 10 with fentanyl 100 micrograms kg-1, and oxygen. At 30-min intervals, sufentanil 50 micrograms or fentanyl 250 micrograms was given to maintain anaesthesia. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate did not increase following intubation, incision of the scalp or infusion of naloxone. Because of inadequate anaesthesia, thiopentone was administered at the end of surgery to one patient who had received sufentanil and seven patients who received fentanyl. Apart from one patient in each group the tracheal tubes were removed within 1 h of the start of the administration of naloxone. Recall of tracheal intubation or surgery was not reported by any patient. High-dose sufentanil-oxygen anaesthesia, like high-dose fentanyl-oxygen anaesthesia, was satisfactory for use in neurosurgery. However, high-dose narcotic anaesthesia, followed by the postoperative administration of naloxone, requires that skilled nursing care be available for many hours after surgery. PMID- 3157395 TI - Cellular immunity in congestive cardiomyopathy. The normal cellular immune response. AB - In vivo and in vitro tests of cellular immunity were studied in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy to determine whether these patients have normal or depressed cell mediated immunity to common environmental antigens and mitogens. No abnormality was found, but this does not exclude the possibility that transient depression of cell mediated mechanisms occurs early in the illness before clinical presentation. PMID- 3157399 TI - The esterase reactivity of subpopulations of helper (Leu3a+) and suppressor (Leu2a+) T cells. PMID- 3157397 TI - Lack of effect of tenoxicam on glibornuride kinetics and response. AB - The pharmacokinetics of glibornuride (25 mg i.v.) and the accompanying insulin and glucose responses were characterized in eight human subjects in the presence and absence of steady-state tenoxicam (20 mg p.o./day for 2 weeks). Tenoxicam affected neither the pharmacokinetic parameters of glibornuride (systemic clearance, volume of distribution and biological half-life) nor the responses of plasma insulin and blood glucose to glibornuride. The single i.v. dose of glibornuride had no detectable effect on the kinetics of tenoxicam. PMID- 3157400 TI - Abnormal T lymphoproliferative disorder demonstrating in vitro suppressor and helper characteristics associated with Crohn's disease. PMID- 3157398 TI - Controlled comparison of Clinitar Shampoo and Selsun Shampoo in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp. PMID- 3157401 TI - Rate-limiting step in the actomyosin adenosinetriphosphatase cycle: studies with myosin subfragment 1 cross-linked to actin. AB - Although there is agreement that actomyosin can hydrolyze ATP without dissociation of the actin from myosin, there is still controversy about the nature of the rate-limiting step in the ATPase cycle. Two models, which differ in their rate-limiting step, can account for the kinetic data. In the four-state model, which has four states containing bound ATP or ADP . Pi, the rate-limiting step is ATP hydrolysis (A . M . ATP in equilibrium A . M . ADP . Pi). In the six state model, which we previously proposed, the rate-limiting step is a conformational change which occurs before Pi release but after ATP hydrolysis. A difference between these models is that only the four-state model predicts that almost no acto-subfragment 1 (S-1) . ADP . Pi complex will be formed when ATP is mixed with acto . S-1. In the present study, we determined the amount of acto . S 1 . ADP . Pi formed when ATP is mixed with S-1 cross-linked to actin [Mornet, D., Bertrand, R., Pantel, P., Audemard, E., & Kassab, R. (1981) Nature (London) 292, 301-306]. The amount of acto . S-1 . ADP . Pi was determined both from intrinsic fluorescence enhancement and from direct measurement of Pi. We found that at mu = 0.013 M, the fluorescence magnitude in the presence of ATP of the cross-linked actin . S-1 preparation was about 50% of the value obtained with S-1, while at mu = 0.053 M the fluorescence magnitude was about 70% of that obtained with S 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3157402 TI - Lambda phage cro repressor interaction with its operator DNA: 2'-deoxy-5 fluorouracil OR3 analogues. AB - The experiments here show that chemically synthesized DNA containing fluorine at selected sites can be used to test specific predictions of a model for cro repressor--operator interaction. This is done by observation of the perturbation to the fluorine-19 NMR spectra of analogues of OR3 synthesized with 2'-deoxy-5 fluorouracil at specific positions in the DNA helix. Although the three dimensional structure of the cro repressor from phage lambda has been determined by Matthews and co-workers [Anderson, W., Ohlendorf, D., Takeda, Y., & Matthews, B. (1981) Nature (London) 290, 754-758], direct structural observations on the complex of the protein with its specific DNA recognition sequence, OR3, are limited. From that structure of the protein, alone, a model of its complex to DNA was built by fitting B-form DNA, with some distortion [Ohlendorf, D., Anderson, W., Fisher, R., Takeda, Y., & Matthews, B. (1982) Nature (London) 298, 718-723]. That model proposes that the cro repressor contacts only one side of this DNA double helix and a number of specific protein--DNA contacts. To test the model, 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouracil was used to place the fluorine-19 nuclear spin-label on the side of the DNA contacting the cro repressor and on the opposite side facing away from the cro repressor. The results presented here are consistent with the prediction that lambda phage cro repressor contacts only one side of the DNA double helix. PMID- 3157403 TI - The role of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in the simultaneous binding of vanadate and ATP at the phosphorylation site of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. AB - The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase was reacted with vanadate in the presence of Mg2+ and EGTA, and the effect of Ca2+, Mg2+ and ATP on the kinetics of vanadate release from the enzyme vanadate complex was studied after dilution with vanadate-free media. Ca2+ increased, whereas ATP decreased the rate of vanadate release. In absence of free Mg2+ in the release media ATP was bound to the vanadate-reacted Ca2+-ATPase with high affinity (Kd 4-5 microM), and full saturation with ATP resulted in complete inhibition of vanadate release. In media containing free Mg2+, where ATP predominantly was present as MgATP, binding of the nucleotide to vanadate-reacted Ca2+-ATPase occurred with low apparent affinity. Mg2+ alone did not affect the rate of vanadate release. At saturating ATP concentrations the release rate in the presence of free Mg2+ was less inhibited than in its absence. These results indicate that uncomplexed ATP interacts with the same Mg2+ at the catalytic site, which is involved in formation of the enzyme-vanadate complex (EMgV), and thereby hinders dissociation of vanadate. Destabilization of the complex by free Mg2+ may be caused by the presence of an additional magnesium ion in the catalytic site together with ATP. PMID- 3157405 TI - Inhibition by gossypol of phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase from pig testis. AB - Gossypol, a polyphenolic binaphthalene-dialdehyde extracted from cotton plants which possesses male antifertility action in mammals, is a potent inhibitor of phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase from pig testis. Gossypol inhibited Ca2+-dependent activity of the enzyme without affecting its basal activity. The IC50 value (concentration causing 50% inhibition) was 31 microM when lysine-rich histone was used as substrate. Kinetic analysis indicated that the compound inhibited the enzyme non-competitively with respect to ATP (Ki = 31 microM) or lysine-rich histone (Ki = 30 microM), and competitively with respect to phosphatidylserine (Ki = 2.1 microM). With Ca2+, irrespective of the presence or absence of 1,3-diolein, the compound lowered Vmax and increased the apparent Ka for Ca2+. The compound also inhibited phosphorylation by the enzyme of high mobility-group 1 protein (one of the endogenous substrates in the testis for the enzyme located in nucleosome), with an IC50 value of 88 microM. These results suggested that a phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein phosphorylation system in the testis is involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis. PMID- 3157404 TI - Site-specific DNA damage caused by lipid peroxidation products. AB - DNA damage induced by autoxidized lipids was investigated using covalently closed circular (supercoiled) DNA and DNA fragments of defined sequence. DNA-strand breaking substances accumulated during autoxidation of methyl linolenate, and strand breakage was measured with samples taken at different times. The DNA strand-breaking activity reached its maximum a little after the peak value of peroxide and decreased upon further autoxidation. The peak of the DNA-strand breaking activity did not always coincide with the peak of thiobarbituric acid reactants or of conjugated diene, either. The DNA-strand-breaking reaction was dependent on metal ions and was inhibited by potassium iodide and tiron and partially by catalase, suggesting the involvement of radical species and/or oxygen radicals. No direct cleavage of singly end-labeled 100-200 basepair DNA fragments by autoxidized methyl linolenate and cupric ion was detected under the conditions used. Cleavage occurred during subsequent heating in piperidine after the reaction. The alkali-labile damage was preferentially induced at pyrimidine residues, especially in dinucleotide sequences of pyrimidine-guanine (5'----3'), which was determined by sequencing. PMID- 3157406 TI - [Effect of the enzyme preparation longolytin on fibrinolysis in animals]. AB - It has been established that fibrinolytically active enzyme longolytine isolated from the culture fluid of the saprophyte fungus Arthrobotrys longa at intravenous injection favours the prolonged increase of the plasma fibrinolytic properties as well as activation of endogenic plasminogen. Maximum values of fibrinolytic activity have been marked in 5 and 30 min after enzyme intravenous injection. The plasminogen activity is high in 120 min. The fibrinolysis indexes--fibrinolytic activity of the euglobulin fraction and amount of plasminogen activator--in 3,5 and 5 times higher than in vitro at intravenous injection. The activation of coagulation system does not occur. PMID- 3157407 TI - Calculation of stable isotope enrichment tracer kinetic procedures. AB - The choice of method of expressing isotopic enrichment in tracer kinetic experiments utilizing stable isotopes was found to affect the calculation of tracee pool size and half-life. The most commonly used definition, the difference between enriched and natural abundance, i.e. atom percent excess, was found to result in significant error in model systems when the dose of tracer was 10% of the pool size. Errors in determining first-order rate constants of efflux and in pool sizes decreased with decreasing ratio of tracer to tracee. Error in determining pool size increased with longer 'sampling' periods, while error in determining the rate constant increased with shorter sampling periods. Of three less frequently used expressions of isotopic enrichment two were found to yield the exact answers in model systems. The correct expressions of isotopic enrichment were linear functions of the quantity of tracer in the system. A practical example demonstrated the effect of choice of expression of enrichment on estimates of whole body copper pool size and turnover in dairy cattle. PMID- 3157408 TI - Dual metastable peak monitoring: application to the analysis of oestradiol-17 beta as the bis (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) ether. AB - A new approach to dual metastable peak monitoring has been developed, based on synchronous switching of the accelerating voltage and electric sector voltage of a double-focusing mass spectrometer. The technique has been applied to the determination of oestradiol-17beta as the bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl) ether, using the 2H3 analogue as internal standard. The detection limit was approximately 5 pg during monitoring of the [M]+ X----[M-C4H9]+ fragmentation. Analyses of plasma extracts indicated that greater selectivity of detection was achieved during metastable peak monitoring than during high resolution (8000) selected ion monitoring of the parent ion. PMID- 3157409 TI - The use and limitations of deuterated lorcainide in metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies. AB - Lorcainide, a new antiarrhythmic agent currently undergoing clinical trial, has been pentadeuterated and the usefulness of this labelled compound in pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies has been investigated in dogs. Specific analytical methods based on capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were developed for quantitative and qualitative analysis of plasma and urine samples. Following oral administration of an equimolar mixture of 5 : 5 mg of (2H0/2H5)lorcainide, eight major metabolites were rapidly identified in urine by the ion cluster technique. Quantitative analysis of (2H0/2H5)lorcainide in plasma and urine indicated an enhanced systematic availability of the deuterated compound, probably due to a secondary isotope effect. According to these findings in the dog, the use of deuterated lorcainide in human bioavailability and metabolism studies is probably of limited value. PMID- 3157410 TI - Oxytocin contracts the human uterus at term by inhibiting the myometrial Ca2+ extrusion pump. AB - The sarcolemma of smooth-muscle cells from human pregnant myometrium possesses a high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase, which has the characteristics of an active Ca2+ extrusion pump. This pump enzyme, either membrane-bound or solubilized, was strongly inhibited by oxytocin (half-maximal inhibition at about 4 microU/ml or 10 pM). However, under similar conditions, oxytocin did not inhibit Ca2+ extrusion ATPase of the erythrocyte membrane. The inhibitory concentrations of oxytocin correspond to hormone plasma levels which initiate spontaneous labor. PMID- 3157411 TI - Subcellular distribution of the enzymes of the malate-aspartate shuttle in rat heart and effect of experimental cardiac hypertrophy. AB - The effect of experimental cardiac hypertrophy on the enzymes of the malate aspartate shuttle aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) was studied. Aortic constriction in adult rats resulted in 25% cardiac hypertrophy in 21/2-3 weeks. Total DNA (mg per heart) did not change. The proportions of mitochondrial and cytosolic isozymes of AAT and MDH did not change as a result of cardiac hypertrophy. About two-thirds of each enzyme occurred in the mitochondrial form and one-third in the cytosolic form. Total AAT in hypertrophic hearts, in enzyme units per mg DNA, increased by 24% compared to AAT content in the hearts of sham-operated animals. Total MDH did not change. Solubilized protein increased by 20%. Normal hearts contained 10 times more enzyme units of MDH than of AAT. Cardiac growth stimulation induced in newborn rats did not result in specific changes of either enzyme. It is suggested that true cardiac hypertrophy acts as a specific stimulus for the possibly rate limiting enzyme AAT of the shuttle. PMID- 3157412 TI - [Role of lipid peroxidation in changes in the structure of Ca-ATPase in skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum during hypercholesterolemia]. AB - Using the method of spin labels it was shown that in hypercholesterolemia (HCh), the following parameters decreased: the velocity of maleimide spin label binding to sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca-ATPase of rabbit skeletal muscles, the accessibility of spin-labeled thiol groups of the enzyme to potassium ferricyanide and sodium ascorbate, and the mobility of the Ca-ATPase molecule fragment to which the spin label was attached. In addition, intensification of lipid peroxidation was demonstrated in SR membranes. Supplementation of the high cholesterol diet with alpha-tocopherol resulted in the decreased rates of lipid peroxidation in SR membranes and increased values of the above parameters relative to the values found under HCh. It is concluded that the effect of alpha tocopherol in vivo on the structure of the Ca-ATPase proteolipid complex in HCh is due mainly to antioxidant properties of the diet-supplementing substance. PMID- 3157413 TI - Adult T-cell leukemia with an unusual phenotype, Leu-2a positive and Leu-3a negative. AB - A case of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) with an unusual phenotype is presented. Leukemia cells of this patient reacted with anti-Leu-2a monoclonal antibody, although most of ATL cases are reported to show the phenotype of helper/inducer T cell. It is indicated that the surface phenotype of ATL is rather heterogeneous. PMID- 3157415 TI - Vertical abdominal fasciocutaneous flaps in the reconstruction of chest wall defects. AB - The use of a vertical abdominal fasciocutaneous flap in the reconstruction of chest wall defects is described. The technique has been successfully used in 8 patients and the advantages of such a fasciocutaneous flap in chest wall reconstructions are emphasised. PMID- 3157414 TI - Recognition of a positive MLR within 4 hours using a carrier free electrophoresis system. AB - Indicator cells--tanned, surface stabilized sheep erythrocytes--were incubated for 1 h in supernatants of 3 h MLCs. Their electrophoretic mobility was measured by an analytical, carrier free electrophoresis system. The change in their mobility compared with an appropriate control was calculated in per cent and correlated with the conventional measured MLR-cpm. The correlation of the two quantities is statistically highly significant (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, the difference of the electrophoretic mobility values of the group of HLA-D identical and the groups of HLA-D-haploidentical or -different donors is significant beyond the 1% level (p less than 0.0005). Our method enables, therefore recognition of a positive or negative MLC after only 4 h. Typing for HLA-D-determinants seems to be possible. This could be of great importance for histocompatibility testing and organ transplantation. PMID- 3157416 TI - Is mania incompatible with Down's syndrome? PMID- 3157417 TI - A physiological approach to the investigation of chronic urinary retention. AB - Twenty-six male patients with chronic urinary retention were investigated by self filling cystometry, followed by fast filling cystometry. Fast filling cystometry tended to increase the end filling pressure and to indicate a smaller bladder capacity than did self filling cystometry. Inadequate filling of the bladder may lead to an unrepresentative detrusor voiding contraction and an incorrect diagnosis of detrusor failure. Fast filling cystometry masks detrusor instability, which may be a factor producing upper tract dilatation and renal impairment. It is suggested that chronic retention of urine should be investigated by self filling cystometry. PMID- 3157418 TI - Aviation medicine in the '80s. PMID- 3157419 TI - Severe cutaneous reactions to captopril. PMID- 3157420 TI - An introduction to philosophical medical ethics: the Arthur case. PMID- 3157421 TI - Postpartum mental disturbances and hormone changes. PMID- 3157422 TI - Dopamine D2 receptor agents, but not dopamine D1, modify brain glucose metabolism. AB - The effects of recently described selective dopamine D1 and D2 agonists and antagonists on brain glucose metabolism were studied using the 2 [14C]deoxyglucose autoradiographic technique. The administration of LY-141865 or YM-09151-2, which behave as a specific D2 agonist and antagonist respectively, modified brain glucose metabolism in a manner similar to that previously described for more classical dopaminergic agents, such as apomorphine and haloperidol. In contrast, the administration of SKF 38393 or SCH 23390, a specific D1 agonist and antagonist respectively, was not followed by significant modifications of brain glucose metabolism in any of the brain regions studied. These results indicate that D2 but not D1 dopamine receptors are involved in the regulation of local brain glucose metabolism. PMID- 3157423 TI - Focal cerebral ischemia: reduction in size of infarcts by ventriculo-subarachnoid perfusion with fluorocarbon emulsion. AB - A new method for brain resuscitation following acute focal ischemic insult has been developed in this laboratory. The technique utilizes a surrogate route to supply cerebral metabolites and employs highly oxygenated fluorocarbons (OFNS), which are efficient gas transport and exchange agents, perfused through the ventriculo-subarachnoid spaces. We previously described a return of aerobic metabolism and EEG after severe global ischemia by oxygenated perfusions and now report treatment-induced reduction in the size of experienced cerebral infarction. Twenty-eight cats were anesthetized (choralose and urethane), tracheotomized and placed in a stereotactic frame. Physiologic adjustments assured arterial blood pCO2 28-35 Torr, pO2 100-150 Torr pH 7.4 and glucose less than 200 mg%. The left middle cerebral artery was exposed transorbitally and temporarily clipped along with both common carotids for 2 h. One hour later (3 h after ischemic onset) the treated group were perfused by the ventriculo-cisternal route either with OFNS [pO2 = 600 Torr; 3 ml/min 6 h, 2 ml/min 2 h, 1 ml/min 2 h, 0.5 ml/min 2 h at 10 mm Hg intracranial pressure (ICP)] or with the vehicle perfusate. Eighteen to twenty hours after the ischemic insult the animals were sacrificed. Sections of fresh brain of 0.5 mm thickness were incubated in 1% triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. The infarcted areas were confirmed with classic neuropathologic techniques. Areas of infarction (expressed in cm3 and as % of the brain) were measured using a planimeter. OFNS-treated brains contained 80% less infarcted tissue than the vehicle-perfused or untreated stroked animals. The infarcted areas were significantly treatment reduced (P less than 0.05 ANOVA and Bonferroni tests).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3157424 TI - Potential changes of frog afferent terminals in response to dopamine. AB - The actions of dopamine on the membrane potential of afferent fibers of the isolated hemisected frog spinal cord were studied by sucrose gap techniques. The most prominent effect seen after addition of dopamine to the superfusing Ringer's solution was a slow reversible hyperpolarization at concentrations as low as 0.01 microM; its amplitude and duration were dependent upon concentration and length of application. Biphasic responses with an initial dominant hyperpolarization and a much smaller, later depolarization were also noted and were particularly prominent when dopamine was applied at higher concentrations. Exposure of the cord to apomorphine, a non-selective agonist, to SKF 38393A, a D-1 selective agonist, or to LY-14186, a D-2 selective agonist, hyperpolarized the dorsal root in a manner similar to that of dopamine, but only when the former compounds were applied at higher concentrations (100 microM or greater). Apomorphine also elicited a late depolarization. The non-selective dopamine antagonists, fluphenazine and haloperidol, reversibly reduced dopamine's actions. Similar effects were produced by the selective D-2 antagonists, sulpiride and metoclopramide, which had no effect on hyperpolarizations evoked by norepinephrine. Dopamine did not appear to activate adrenergic or serotonergic receptors, for its effects were not affected by yohimbine, corynanthine, propranolol, or methysergide. The effect of dopamine appeared to result from an action of the amine on both afferent fibers and interneurons. This inference was drawn because the potential changes produced by dopamine were substantially reduced, but never eliminated, by superfusion of the cord with solutions containing Mn2+ ions, tetrodotoxin or mephenesin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3157425 TI - Denervation supersensitivity to 5-hydroxytryptamine in the rat spinal cord is not due to the absence of 5-hydroxytryptamine. AB - D,L-5-Hydroxytryptophan and 5-HT agonists administered systemically, stimulate motoneuronal discharges as measured by the spontaneous EMG activity of the hindlimbs in paraplegic rats. Denervation supersensitivity is observed after surgical section of the spinal cord or after treatment with 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). Such denervation supersensitivity, however, cannot be reproduced by equivalent depletion of 5-HT by synthesis inhibition or reversed by chronic intrathecal administration of 5-HT agonists. These results suggest that in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, the trigger of denervation supersensitivity to serotonin is not the absence of the neurotransmitter itself but the absence of the terminals or some other compound contained therein. PMID- 3157426 TI - Prediction of muscle stretch receptor behavior using Wiener kernels. AB - The input-output characteristics of muscle stretch receptors can be represented by a set of Wiener kernels estimated from responses to random length stimuli. We use these kernels to predict the responses of the receptor to deterministic length changes and show that significant non-linearities are present in receptor responses to length stimuli of only a fraction of a millimeter. PMID- 3157427 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of neurotensin and beta-endorphin in the rat anterior pituitary gland. AB - Nakane's enzyme-labeled antibody technique revealed that cells containing neurotensin-like immunoreactivity were widely distributed in the anterior lobe of the pituitary body. Immunohistochemical studies on serial sections showed that a part of neurotensin positive anterior lobe cells contained beta-endorphin-like peptide simultaneously. The results show that beta-endorphin and neurotensin occur together in certain pituitary cells and this is an evidence of coexistence of more than one peptide within one anterior pituitary cell. PMID- 3157428 TI - [Vectorcardiographic signs of dilatation of the heart ventricles in relation to the age of the patient]. PMID- 3157429 TI - [Regulation of sarcolemmal Ca2+-ATPase activity in the heart based on the differing effect of sodium and potassium ions]. PMID- 3157430 TI - The assay and partial characterization of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase of the hamster epididymis. AB - Using a partially purified enzyme preparation obtained from hamster epididymis, a simple assay has been developed to measure the sulfurylation of dehydroisoandrosterone (DHA) and desmosterol in the presence of 3' phosphoadenosine 5'-phospho[35S]sulfate [( 35S]PAPS). After stopping the enzymatic reaction with methanol and KCl, the 35S-labelled steroid sulfates are readily extracted into an organic phase. Optimal conditions for the sulfurylation of the two steroids were compared; optimum pH is 8.7 for DHA and 9.8 for desmosterol. Sulfoconjugation of desmosterol increases with magnesium concentrations up to 6 mM, while 40 mM concentrations of the divalent ion are required for the optimal sulfurylation of DHA. Maximum sulfurylation of these steroids requires the presence of 15 mM cysteine. Michaelis-Menten kinetics are observed with DHA which has an apparent Km of 32 microM, while desmosterol inhibits sulfotransferase activity at high concentrations. Saturation of the enzyme with PAPS results in an allosteric behaviour. Only the 3 beta-hydroxyl function of the steroid nucleus appears to be an appropriate sulfate acceptor for the epididymal hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase. PMID- 3157431 TI - Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate decline in human erythrocytes: possible involvement of phosphoglucomutase PGM2 isoenzymes. AB - Human erythrocytes incubated with various sugars lower their glucose 1,6 bisphosphate (Glc-1,6-P2) content, as do haemolysates containing exogenous Glc 1,6-P2 incubated with sugar monophosphates (sugar-P). Experiments performed with isolated erythrocyte phosphoglucomutase (PGM) isoenzymes indicate that only definite isoenzymatic forms, namely PGM2, are able to consume Glc-1,6-P2 during the mutation of sugar-P other than glucose-P. In this process a phosphate group is released from Glc-1,6-P2 and can be partially recovered in the biphosphate of the mutated sugar-P. The relevance of this mechanism of Glc-1,6-P2 degradation is discussed in regard to the physiological turnover of the biphosphate. PMID- 3157433 TI - Potentiation of beta-endorphin effects by cholecystokinin antiserum in rats. AB - Intracerebroventricular administration of a C-terminal cholecystokinin (CCK) antiserum potentiated the analgesic and cataleptic effects of beta-endorphin. The results are opposite to those observed after injection of CCK-8. It was suggested that CCK-8 may play a physiological role antagonizing the action of beta endorphin. PMID- 3157434 TI - Effects of minoxidil on blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy in two-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats. AB - Rats made severely hypertensive by renal arterial clipping were treated for 24 days with the arterial vasodilator minoxidil (40, 80, and 120 mg/L drinking water). In all three treated groups of animals, blood pressure initially decreased markedly and to a similar extent. Subsequently partial tolerance developed to the antihypertensive effects of minoxidil. All three doses induced hypertrophy of the right ventricle to a similar degree. In contrast, the hypertension-induced hypertrophy of the left ventricle was further increased in a dose-dependent fashion by minoxidil. PMID- 3157435 TI - Down's syndrome and the Canadian Special Olympics. PMID- 3157432 TI - The influence of chronic experimental diabetes on contractile responses of rat isolated blood vessels. AB - The influence of experimental diabetes induced by streptozotocin on responses of rat isolated aortae and portal veins to noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and KCl was examined 7, 100, 180, and 360 days after the onset of diabetes. No significant changes in reactivity were seen 7 days after the onset of diabetes. After 100 days aortae from diabetic rats were supersensitive (defined as a significant increase in the pD2 value) to noradrenaline. However, 180 days after the onset of diabetes, the sensitivity of diabetic aortae to noradrenaline was not significantly different from control, while the responsiveness (defined as the maximum developed tension divided by cross-sectional area of aorta) to 5 hydroxytryptamine was reduced. A generalized increase in both the sensitivity and responsiveness of diabetic aortae to all three agonists was observed after 360 days of diabetes. In contrast, no changes in either the sensitivity or the responsiveness of portal veins to noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine, or KCl could be detected at any time after the onset of diabetes. These results indicate that changes in vascular reactivity can be detected with increasing duration of experimental diabetes. However, these changes do not follow a consistent pattern and are not seen in all parts of the vasculature. PMID- 3157437 TI - Synergistic anti-suppressor effect of mini cells prepared from Salmonella typhimurium and mitomycin C in EL 4-bearing mice. AB - The subcutaneous growth of EL4 cells was significantly accelerated when they were injected together with spleen cells collected from mice which had received EL4 cells SC 14 days previously, and all mice died within 18 days after receiving this mixture; 80% of mice which received a mixture of EL4 and spleen cells collected immediately after EL4 graft survived over 40 days. Spleen cells collected 14 days after EL4 graft suppressed the blastogenic responses of normal spleen lymphocytes to concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, and lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli in a mixed culture system. Acceleration of tumor growth was retarded when EL4 cells were injected together with spleen cells from EL4-bearing mice treated with both Salmonella typhimurium mini-cells and mitomycin C, and 60% of mice survived over 40 days. Blastogenic responses of normal spleen lymphocytes mixed with spleen cells from EL4-bearing mice treated with both mini-cells and mitomycin C were restored almost to control levels. The results suggest that combination treatment with mini-cells and mitomycin C synergistically inhibits the induction of suppressor cells in EL4-bearing mice. PMID- 3157436 TI - The effect of indomethacin on the activation and effector function of suppressor cells from tumor-bearing mice. AB - The spleens of mice with large M-1 fibrosarcomas contain two populations of suppressor cells with the properties of macrophages and T cells. In this study, we tested the effect of indomethacin on suppressor cell activation and effector function. Neither the activation nor the effector function of the suppressor macrophages was inhibited by indomethacin, and the activity of suppressor macrophages correlated with the tumor size. In contrast, the treatment of tumor bearing mice with indomethacin from the day of injection of tumor cells completely blocked the in vivo activation of suppressor T cells. Indomethacin did not, however, depress suppressor T cell activity if mice were treated only during the third week of tumor growth. The effector function of the suppressor T cells, as assessed in mixing assays, was partially blocked by indomethacin, while selective suppression by low-molecular-weight factors was completely blocked if indomethacin was present in the cultures. Furthermore, the in vitro activation of suppressor cells by soluble factors secreted by tumor-bearer spleen cells was completely blocked by indomethacin, and this inhibition was reversed by prostaglandin E1. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that prostaglandins are involved in the activation, but not the effector function, of tumor-activated suppressor T cells. PMID- 3157439 TI - The effects of thymic epithelial monolayer-conditioned medium on suppressor cell function following chemotherapy in pediatric patients. AB - Human thymic epithelial monolayer-conditioned medium (TEM-CM) enhanced concanavalin A (ConA)-induced suppressor T-lymphocyte activity in 15 of 17 studies of fractionated light-density bone marrow mononuclear cells (LD-BMMC) obtained from pediatric cancer patients within 7 days of chemotherapy (P less than 0.001). However, TEM-CM depressed ConA-induced suppressor T-lymphocyte activity in 14 of 18 studies of LD-BMMC obtained from patients who had received their chemotherapy 14-21 days previously (P less than 0.05). In studies of LD BMMC from normal subjects, TEM-CM did not show any significant effect on suppressor cell activity, nor did TEM-CM significantly affect spontaneous suppressor cell activity in patients or normals. The effect of direct culture on thymic epithelial monolayers was equivalent to the effect of TEM-CM in both ConA induced and spontaneous suppressor cell assays. These data demonstrate thymic factor-mediated changes in suppressor T-cell activity of pediatric cancer patients and suggest a postchemotherapy alteration in the bone marrow population of inducible prethymic T cells. PMID- 3157440 TI - Identification and characterization of a tumor-derived immunosuppressive glycoprotein from murine melanoma K-1735. AB - A suppressive immunoregulatory factor (IRF) produced by murine melanoma K-1735 M3 has been identified. Extracts from tissue or cultured cells grown in serum-medium were prepared by 3 M KCl extraction and partially purified by low-salt precipitation. IRF extracted from fresh tumor, cultured cells, and spent medium from the K-1735 cell line suppressed 3H-thymidine incorporation by splenocytes during mitogen stimulation. Cell viability was not impaired by IRF. IRF suppressed splenocyte proliferation, protein synthesis, murine IL-2-mediated blastogenesis, and mixed splenocyte responses. However, in vitro generation of allogenic cytotoxic cells was not suppressed. Significant inhibitory activity could not be extracted from normal tissues. IRF activity was reduced by treatment with proteolytic enzymes and neuraminidase and was bound by lentil lectin, indicating that the factor is a glycoprotein. IRF was heat-stable, yet labile to treatment with acid, base, or 2-mercaptoethanol. Inhibitory activity was partially characterized by preparative isoelectric focusing (pI 3.5-5.8), and the active moiety had a molecular size of 10-12 K according to HPLC. The HPLC purified active fraction of IRF did not contain the immunosuppressive retroviral antigen p15(E). Splenocytes from animals treated with IRF in vivo demonstrated reduced responses to Con A and PHA in vitro. Suppressor cells were not identified. We have identified a low-molecular-weight glycoprotein from a murine melanoma, which suppresses a variety of immunologic responses in vitro and in vivo. IRF appears to be a potent mediator of tumor-induced immunosuppression in this model. PMID- 3157438 TI - Immune response of mice exposed to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum. AB - The effects of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) on lymphoid organs and the immune response of young and older adult mice were studied histologically and by functionally assessing the activity of various subpopulations of immune cells. Young adult mice (6-8 weeks old) treated with 2 mg/kg CDDP mounted an enhanced splenic plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to both sheep erythrocytes, a helper T cell-dependent antigen (HD), and pneumococcal polysaccharide type III a helper T cell-independent antigen (HI). Older adult mice (18-22 weeks old) treated in the same way exhibited an equally enhanced PFC response to HD antigen and even a more pronounced response to HI antigen. Treatment of mice with 12 mg/kg CDDP resulted in immunosuppression. Thymus, lymph nodes, and spleen of animals treated with the higher dose of CDDP showed a marked cell depletion from both T and B areas, confirming that the immunosuppression was due to an indiscriminate elimination of both T and B lymphocytes. The immunosuppression and the cell depletion from lymphoid organs were more pronounced in younger mice. Thus, the effects of CDDP on the lymphoid organs and the immune response depend both on the age of the animals and on the dose of the drug. CDDP given in small doses enhances the PFC response, whereas a reduced PFC response is obtained following high-dose treatment. PMID- 3157441 TI - Modulation of protein kinase C activity and [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding by various tumor promoters in mouse brain cytosol. AB - Using protein kinase C partially purified from mouse brain cytosol, we examined the effect of a number of phorbol ester and nonphorbol tumor promoters on protein kinase C enzymatic activity and [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding. Mezerein and phorbol 12-retinoate 13-acetate, second stage tumor promoters, as well as the weak tumor promoter 4-O-methylphorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulated kinase activity to the same extent as did the complete tumor promoter phorbol 12 myristate 13-acetate. In contrast, the nonphorbol ester tumor promoters anthralin, cantharidin, benzoyl peroxide, and 7-bromomethyl-benz(a)anthracene did not affect kinase activity. The unsaturated fatty acids palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids, some of which have been reported to be weak tumor promoters, stimulated protein kinase C activity in the presence of phospholipids, as well as causing some activation in the absence of phospholipids. The saturated fatty acids butyric, lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids had relatively little effect. The fatty acids showed generally similar structure-activity relationships for inhibition of [20-3H]phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate binding as for stimulation of kinase activity. The unsaturated fatty acids typically decreased binding levels for the reconstituted aporeceptor, while the saturated fatty acids did not. The nature of this inhibition was explored in the case of arachidonic acid. Scatchard analysis demonstrated decreases in both the maximum number of binding sites as well as the apparent binding affinity, indicative of a complex mechanism. As expected for a lipophilic ligand, the effect of the arachidonic acid was reduced in the presence of elevated levels of phospholipid. Our results suggest that fatty acids are capable of modulating the phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate receptor:protein kinase C. PMID- 3157442 TI - Oxygen dependence of hematoporphyrin derivative-induced photoinactivation of Chinese hamster cells. AB - The oxygen dependence of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD)-induced photoinactivation of Chinese hamster V79 cells was examined. Cells were treated with HPD (25 micrograms/ml) for 2 h and subsequently exposed to red light (greater than 590 nm) under either aerated or hypoxic (less than 10 ppm O2) conditions. Hypoxic cells were found to be extremely resistant to the lethal effects of HPD and light. The electron-affinic X-ray hypoxic cell sensitizer, SR 2508, did not sensitize hypoxic HPD-treated cells to light. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed, with consideration of the possibility that hypoxic areas in tumors may limit HPD phototherapy. PMID- 3157443 TI - Suppressor macrophages in tumor-bearing mice and their selective inhibition by 6 mercaptopurine. AB - Using the in vitro polyclonal blastogenesis test, we identified peritoneal suppressor cells from L1210 leukemia-bearing mice as Ia-negative macrophages. These cells manifested adherence to plastic tubes and sensitivity to silica but not to X-irradiation and treatment with alpha Thy 1.2 or alpha Ia 7 antibody plus complement. The suppressor activity of peritoneal macrophages was detected as early as 3 days after L1210 inoculation; however, the number of suppressor macrophages did not increase until Day 7. 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) inhibited their suppressor activity, whereas three other antineoplastic agents, including cyclophosphamide, did not. 6-MP-dependent suppressor inhibition was induced irrespective of whether treatment was combined with tumor vaccine. In vitro, the sensitivity of suppressor macrophages to 6-MP was not enhanced. This and the finding that 6-MP induced an increase rather than a decrease in the number of peritoneal macrophages indicated that, in vivo, 6-MP selectively inhibited suppressor macrophages. The inverse correlation of their suppressor activity and the therapeutic response in tumor-bearing mice administered with tumor vaccine and antineoplastic agents suggests that peritoneal suppressor macrophages were involved in modulating the efficacy of active immunotherapy. This was further substantiated by the finding that the strongly immunosuppressive macrophages of L1210-bearing and cyclophosphamide-treated mice inhibited the antitumor response of L1210 vaccine-primed mice. PMID- 3157444 TI - Tumorigenicity in nude mice of dexamethasone-sensitive and -resistant, differentiated and dedifferentiated hepatoma cells. AB - The tumorigenicity of cell clones of the same histogenetic origin but with different dexamethasone sensitivities and states of differentiation was examined. Neither the degree of differentiation nor the glucocorticoid resistance influenced the tumor-forming capacity of Reuber rat hepatoma clones in nude mice. However, the tumorigenicity of independently isolated resistant clones maintained in vitro continuously for more than 1 year in the presence of a high concentration of dexamethasone decreased considerably. The fact that not only the differentiated but also the partially dedifferentiated and the dedifferentiated hepatoma cells grew in the form of tumors in nude mice made it possible to examine whether reexpression of the extinguished liver-specific functions occurs in the tumors. Reexpression of different liver-specific functions of the tumor cell lines derived from a partially dedifferentiated, dexamethasone-resistant clone was found, showing that in vivo tumor formation may induce differentiation. PMID- 3157445 TI - Inhibition of protein kinase C by tamoxifen. AB - The antiestrogen drug tamoxifen inhibits rat brain protein kinase C in vitro, whether the enzyme is activated by Ca2+ and phospholipid (50% inhibitory dose, 100 microM), 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and phospholipid (50% inhibitory dose, 40 microM), or teleocidin and phospholipid. Tamoxifen does not inhibit the Ca2+- and phospholipid-independent phosphorylation of protamine sulfate by protein kinase C, indicating that the drug does not interact with the active site of the enzyme. The binding of [3H]phorbol dibutyrate to high-affinity membrane receptors of cultured mouse fibroblast cells is inhibited by tamoxifen (50% inhibitory dose, 5 microM). Our findings suggest that the growth-inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of tamoxifen, which have been observed at microM concentrations of the drug, may be in part due to its effects on protein kinase C. PMID- 3157446 TI - Hepatopoietin A: partial characterization and trypsin activation of a hepatocyte growth factor. AB - Rat hepatocytes in primary culture are stimulated to synthesize DNA by high molecular-weight fractions from rat serum. This activity has been previously given the name hepatopoietin A (HPTA). HPTA, with an apparent molecular weight of 150,000 to 250,000, stimulated the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA, quantitated by autoradiography as percentage of nuclear labeling. Properties of HPTA include: sensitivity to heat; stability in minimal essential media at 4 degrees C; in lyophilized form; or in 25% glycerol at -20 degrees C; and instability at 4 degrees C in isotonic buffer. Trypsin digestion of HPTA resulted in an increase in biological activity. Both the trypsinized and native forms of this activity were not inhibited by antiserum against mouse epidermal growth factor in this bioassay. Treatment of HPTA with trypsin resulted in a shift of its apparent molecular weight on a Sephadex G-50 column to less than 6000. This trypsinized HPTA activity did not comigrate with 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor on the same column. These results demonstrate that HPTA exists in normal serum as a large precursor to a more active moiety, generated by proteolytic cleavage, which is not identical to epidermal growth factor. Fractions from human serum and plasma of molecular weight similar to that of HPTA have also been shown to stimulate DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes. PMID- 3157447 TI - Expression of laminin receptor in normal and carcinomatous human tissues as defined by a monoclonal antibody. AB - It has been hypothesized that epithelial and endothelial cells interact with the laminin component of basement membranes via a cell surface laminin receptor molecule. It has also been proposed that the expression of this molecule may be involved in the invasion of carcinoma cells from their tissue of origin and their subsequent penetration through blood vessel basement membranes. We report here the use of a monoclonal antibody, LR-3, to define the expression of laminin receptor in normal, dysplastic, and carcinomatous human tissues. Monoclonal antibody LR-3 is shown by immunoblotting to recognize the Mr 67,000 laminin receptor protein, to bind to the carcinoma cells, and to constitute approximately 0.1% of total cellular protein. Numerous normal human epithelial and endothelial cell types, as well as pulmonary macrophages, are shown to express laminin receptor to varying degrees. Selected human mammary carcinomas and colon carcinomas are shown to bind more monoclonal antibody LR-3 than normal or dysplastic counterparts. A monoclonal antibody to laminin receptor now makes possible the study of the role of laminin receptor in tumor cell metastases and in the differentiation and function of various normal human epithelial and endothelial cell types. PMID- 3157448 TI - Phorbol ester-mediated protein phosphorylations in S49 mouse lymphoma cells. AB - Using high-resolution 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis to separate proteins from cells labeled in vivo with either [32P]phosphate or [35S]methionine, the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was shown to stimulate phosphorylation of at least 18 proteins in a subline of S49 mouse lymphoma cells deficient in cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Phosphorylation of these proteins was not altered by phorbol acetate, a phorbol ester inactive in tumor promotion, and stimulation by TPA was half-maximal at less than 16 nM; therefore, these responses appeared to reflect specific interactions of TPA with high affinity receptors. Treatment of cells with phospholipase C mimicked TPA in stimulating phosphorylation of some of these substrate proteins, thereby suggesting possible involvement of protein kinase C, the calcium-activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. Substrates differed in their relative responses to phospholipase C, the kinetics and concentration dependence of their phosphorylation in response to TPA, their extents of TPA-stimulated changes in phosphorylation, and their responses to tetracaine and retinal, two inhibitors of protein kinase C. Using these responses as criteria for classification, the TPA mediated phosphorylations could be shown to fall into at least three distinct groups. The significance of these results to regulation of intracellular protein phosphorylation, to the relationship of protein kinase C and phorbol ester receptors, and to possible heterogeneity in kinases stimulable by phorbol ester tumor promoters is discussed. PMID- 3157449 TI - Species-specific differences in the toxicity and mutagenicity of the anticancer drugs mithramycin, chromomycin A3, and olivomycin. AB - Three structurally related anticancer drugs, mithramycin, chromomycin A3, and olivomycin, exhibited large differences (greater than 100-fold) in their toxicity towards cultured cells from various species. These differences are species related, as all cell lines from any one species showed similar sensitivity to the three drugs. Of the three species examined, namely, human, mouse, and Chinese hamster, human cells were found to be most sensitive to these drugs. However, no significant difference in toxicity was observed between normal human diploid fibroblasts and heteroploid cell lines established from tumors. The above drugs were found to induce mutants at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus (i.e., resistance to 6-thioguanine) and produced DNA strand breaks, in a dose-dependent manner, in cells from all three species. However, the concentrations of these drugs which produced similar mutagenic or DNA strand break responses differed greatly for cells from the three species, and a good correlation was observed between the toxic and the mutagenic concentrations of these drugs for cells from the three species examined. These studies provide strong evidence that the toxic and mutagenic concentrations of different substances could differ greatly between cells from human and other species and indicate that the results of such studies cannot always be extrapolated from animal to human situations. It is suggested that a knowledge of the relative toxicity of any chemical towards cultured cells from human versus test animal should prove of value in extrapolating the results from animal systems to humans. PMID- 3157450 TI - Heterogeneous expression of melanoma-associated antigens and HLA antigens by primary and multiple metastatic lesions removed from patients with melanoma. AB - Indirect immunofluorescence staining with a large battery of monoclonal antibodies of primary and autologous metastatic lesions removed from seven patients with melanoma has detected heterogeneity in the expression of various types of melanoma-associated antigens (MAAs), of distinct determinants of the high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA), of the two subunits of Class I HLA antigens, and of the gene products of the HLA-D region. Among the 10 MAAs tested, the HMW-MAA had the highest frequency and the Mr 87,000 MAA the lowest. Furthermore, the HMW-MAA displayed the lowest heterogeneity. These findings, in conjunction with the restricted tissue distribution of the HMW-MAA, its lack of susceptibility to antibody-mediated modulation, and the high affinity of the available anti-HMW-MAA monoclonal antibodies, indicate that this antigen may be a useful marker for radioimaging and immunotherapy in patients with melanoma. The common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen was detected only in five lesions. Class I HLA antigens were detected in a larger number of lesions than HLA-DR antigens, which had a significantly higher frequency than HLA-DQ antigens. The degree of antigenic heterogeneity did not appear to correlate with the histopathological features of the lesions and/or with the clinical course of the disease. The results of the present study indicate that immunodiagnostic and immunotherapeutic approaches to melanoma should rely on the use of combinations of monoclonal antibodies to distinct MAAs. PMID- 3157452 TI - Genes and signal transduction in tumor promotion: conclusions from studies with promoter resistant variants of JB-6 mouse epidermal cells. PMID- 3157451 TI - Endogenous concentration and subcellular distribution of androgens in normal and malignant human breast tissue. AB - The endogenous concentrations and the subcellular distribution of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol (ADIOL) were measured in malignant and nonmalignant human breast tissue from both pre- and postmenopausal women. DHEA 3-sulfate was measured only in the cytosol. A greater tissue-plasma gradient of DHEA was present with large variations. The highest concentration of DHEA and ADIOL occurred in the nuclear fraction (average, 2.9 and 1.6 times the concentration in cytosol). With respect to DHEA, this finding is remarkable because no specific binding protein in human breast tissue has been reported. The concentration of DHEA 3-sulfate was significantly higher in the cytosol of nonmalignant than in malignant breast tissues. No significant differences in tissue concentrations of DHEA and ADIOL were found in malignant and nonmalignant breast tissue. The concentration of estrogens was measured in the cytosol and the nuclear fraction of the same tissues, as reported in a previous paper. We found a significantly higher estradiol concentration in malignant tissue as compared to nonmalignant tissue. When the ratio of ADIOL to estradiol was calculated from the combined data, a significant difference was found only in the cytosol of premenopausal cancer patients versus normal women. No difference was seen in the postmenopausal women. No difference in the ADIOL:estradiol ratio was found between normal and malignant breast tissue of patients of the same menopausal status. PMID- 3157453 TI - Mechanisms of multistage chemical carcinogenesis and their relevance to respiratory tract cancer. AB - The evolution of a fully malignant tumor is a multistep process resulting from the action of multiple factors, both environmental and endogenous, and involves alterations in the function of multiple cellular genes. Chemical carcinogens that initiate this process appear to do so by damaging cellular DNA. In addition to producing simple point mutations, this damage appears to induce the synthesis of a transacting factor that can induce asynchronous DNA replication. This response may result in gene amplification and/or gene rearrangement. This phenomenon may also play a role in synergistic interactions between chemicals and viruses in the causation of certain cancers. The primary target of the tumor promoters TPA, teleocidin, and aplysiatoxin appears to be cell membranes. All three of these agents act, at least in part by, enhancing the activity of the phospholipid dependent enzyme PKC. We have proposed a stereochemical model to explain the interaction of these amphiphilic compounds with the PKC system. We have found that TPA and teleocidin markedly enhance the transformation of C3H10T1/2 mouse fibroblasts when these cells are transfected with the cloned H-ras human bladder cancer oncogene. Thus, tumor promoters can act synergistically with an activated oncogene to enhance cell transformation. Furthermore, carcinogen-transformed rodent cells display aberrations in the expression of various endogenous retrovirus-related sequences. Activation of some of these sequences may lead to insertion mutations and further aberrations in gene expression. These findings are discussed in terms of a multistep model that involves progressive changes in cellular oncogenes and aberrations in the function of DNA transcription enhancer sequences. It will be of interest to determine to what extent these concepts apply to the etiology of cancers of the respiratory tract. PMID- 3157455 TI - Studies of the inhibition by malto-oligosaccharides of the cyclisation reaction catalysed by the cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Klebsiella pneumoniae M 5 al with glycogen. AB - The substrate qualities of malto-oligosaccharides for the disproportionation reaction catalysed by the cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase [(1----4)-alpha-D glucan:[(1----4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl]transferase (cyclising) EC 2.4.1.19] from Klebsiella pneumoniae M 5 al have been re-investigated. Maltose failed to be homologised with measurable velocity. The initial rates of disproportionation and the affinities of the enzyme increased with the chain lengths of the substrates. Maltopentaose was the smallest saccharide which, by disproportionation, yielded longer chains being cyclised initially. D-Glucose did not affect the initial cyclisation from glycogen, but served as acceptor for the "chain-shortening" reaction. Maltose inhibited the initial cyclisation reaction in a linearly competitive manner. Maltotriose and maltotetraose inhibited the cyclisation reaction competitively, the inhibition kinetics pointing to the binding of two effector-molecules to the enzyme. Competitive inhibition was also found with malto-pentaose, -hexaose, and -heptaose. The degrees of inhibition increased from maltose to maltotetraose, and decreased with the larger saccharides; maltotriose and maltotetraose were the most effective inhibitors of the initial cyclisation. Some possibilities for the subsite-mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 3157454 TI - Spinal osteoblastoma in children and adolescents. AB - Osteoblastoma as a cause of back pain, scoliosis, and reversible neurological deficit has received scant attention in the neurosurgical literature. The tumor has a predeliction for the spine, occurs in young people, and may undergo sarcomatous change. Total removal is necessary for cure. Eight cases of spinal osteoblastoma in children and adults are reported, demonstrating the spectrum of the disease, pitfalls of diagnosis and treatment, and prognosis. PMID- 3157456 TI - Redistribution of creatine kinase isoenzymes in chronically overloaded myocardium. AB - Chronic overload due to an experimental abdominal aortic stenosis in rats causes hypertrophy of ventricles and a parallel increase of the MB and BB isoforms of creatine kinase (CK) in cardiac tissue. The CK isoenzyme profile was determined using a new two-step method combining anion exchange chromatography and electrophoresis. In overloaded ventricles a shift was observed from the MM isoform which decreased (from 407 +/- 10 mumol X min-1 X g-1 ww in sham-operated to 370 +/- 0.13, in the overloaded group, p less than 0.05) towards the MB and BB forms whose activity was enhanced (from 56 +/- 4 and 6.5 +/- 0.7 to 77 +/- 6 and 10.1 +/- 1.2, respectively, p less than 0.02). These modifications were more pronounced (318 +/- 15, 83 +/- 15 and 15.1 +/- 2.5, for the MM, MB and BB forms respectively, p less than 0.01) in rats having a very marked hypertrophy and whose ventricular/body weight ratio (expressed in mg of ventricles per g) was above 3. Moreover this ratio correlates both with the amount of the MB form (r = 0.32, p less than 0.05) and with the percentage of the B monomer (r = 0.51, p less than 0.01). This shift, like that previously described for lactate dehydrogenase and myosin, favoured the fetal form and this supports the hypothesis that overloaded myocytes improve their efficiency by expressing some of the isoforms normally present in the fetus. PMID- 3157457 TI - Diaphragmatic coronary lesion mimics significant coronary stenosis: a report of four cases. AB - Diaphragmatic coronary stenosis is a rare coronary angiographic finding. It gives rise to an appearance of relatively severe obstruction and can lead to unnecessary surgical intervention or PTCA. We described four patients with this type of stenosis in whom the lesions proved to be hemodynamically insignificant as judged by the presence of only minor pressure gradients across them. PMID- 3157458 TI - The use of an exchange guide wire in coronary angioplasty. AB - Of 84 consecutive patients referred for coronary angioplasty, an exchange length (260 cm) guide wire was used in 17 (20%) to allow serial passage of different sized dilatation catheters. Exchanges were performed for the following reasons: 1) inability to cross the stenotic segment with a full-sized dilatation catheter, with exchange for a smaller catheter to permit initial dilatation followed by a second exchange to reintroduce the full-sized balloon catheter; 2) premeditated initial use of a low-profile balloon catheter in severe stenosis, with subsequent exchange to a full-sized balloon catheter; 3) inability to achieve a satisfactory reduction of the transstenotic gradient or angiographic stenosis with the initial dilation catheter, requiring subsequent passage of a larger balloon catheter into the partially dilated segment. Eighteen of 19 attempted exchanges and 18 of 19 angioplasty procedures were completed successfully. The use of exchange guide wires permits multiple recrossings of a dilated segment, allows safe serial passage of different sized balloon catheters, and obviates the need for renegotiating difficult proximal coronary anatomy. The exchange guide wire techique can be applied safely and effectively to coronary angioplasty and provides an additional option in the successful completion of movable guide wire angioplasty procedures. PMID- 3157459 TI - Outer and inner dynein arms of cilia and flagella. PMID- 3157460 TI - Binding of axonemal dynein to microtubules comprising the cytoplasmic transport system in insect ovarioles. AB - Dynein isolated from ciliary axonemes of Tetrahymena is shown to bind in a characteristic fashion as arms to microtubules dissected from the nutritive tubes of insect ovarioles. The microtubules in nutritive tubes are associated with the transport of cytoplasmic components along their length, and the significance of their ability to bind axonemal dynein, to the possibility that microtubule/dynein interactions are involved in microtubule-associated movements, generally, is discussed. PMID- 3157461 TI - [Effects on the lymphreticular system and inhibition of liver microsomaal cytochrome P-450 in mice administered Priopionibacterium acnes (Corynebacterium parvum) bacterin]. PMID- 3157462 TI - [Pathogenic factors in strains of enteropathogenic E.coli isolated during an epidemic of infantile diarrhea]. PMID- 3157463 TI - [Occurrence of Trichomonas tenax in certain population groups]. PMID- 3157464 TI - [The toxigenicity of strains of Citrobacter freundii]. PMID- 3157465 TI - [Polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration under agarose for use in pediatrics]. PMID- 3157466 TI - [Viral hepatitis in health care personnel in Slovakia]. PMID- 3157467 TI - [Ferripolyisomaltosate as a catalytic agent in media for the culture of anaerobic bacteria]. PMID- 3157468 TI - [Changes in the antigenic properties of strains of Neisseria meningitidis isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis]. PMID- 3157469 TI - [Changes in the botanical names in the Pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China (1977 revision) Part I]. PMID- 3157470 TI - [Regional substitutes of Chinese drugs in northwest China]. PMID- 3157471 TI - [Microscopic features for the identification of Chinese drugs in Ranunculaceus]. PMID- 3157472 TI - [On the duration and degree of processing of Chinese drugs by heat]. PMID- 3157473 TI - [The compatible precipitation of Chinese drugs]. PMID- 3157474 TI - [Application of the breeding of the medicinal ginger family to the systematization and study of Chinese materia medica]. PMID- 3157475 TI - [The chemical constituents of Artemisia species (III). Isolation and identification of the lipophilic constituents from Artemisia argyi]. PMID- 3157476 TI - [Separation and determination of alkaloids of Leonurus sibiricus]. PMID- 3157478 TI - [The pharmacological actions of Chelidonium majus]. PMID- 3157477 TI - [Use of the TLC scanning method in the study of the quality of Chinese patent medicines--the quantitative analysis of berberine in 5 Chinese patent medicines]. PMID- 3157479 TI - [Cultural comparison of 4 strains of Polyporus mylittae]. PMID- 3157480 TI - [Propagating technics for Gentiana scabra using seeds]. PMID- 3157481 TI - [32 cases of chronic bronchitis treated with a mixture of Codonopsis pilosula and the feces of Trogopteri]. PMID- 3157482 TI - [Experimental research on the yin-yang theory in traditional Chinese medicine (III). The effect of monkshood, bark of the Chinese cassia tree and liu wei di huang fang on the enkephalin of brain tissue in renovascular hypertensive rats]. PMID- 3157483 TI - [Experimental study of the anti-inflammatory effect of matrine]. PMID- 3157484 TI - [Studies on the antitumor role of fungal polysaccharides]. PMID- 3157485 TI - [Recent developments in the treatment of cysticercosis by traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine]. PMID- 3157486 TI - [Exploration of various problems concerning fu zheng therapy of cancer]. PMID- 3157487 TI - [Long-term treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia by Chinese medicines alternating cyclically with myleran]. PMID- 3157488 TI - [Long-term curative effect of 150 cases of nasopharyngeal cancer treated with fu zheng sheng jin decoction and radiotherapy]. PMID- 3157490 TI - [Hyperviscosity in cancer patients and huo xue hua yu therapy]. PMID- 3157489 TI - [Treatment of lung cancer with brain metastasis using an intravenous drip of a 10% emulsion of Brucea javanica seminal oil]. PMID- 3157491 TI - [Determination of serum fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products in patients with cancer and an exploration of huo xue hua yu therapy]. PMID- 3157492 TI - [The efficiency and mechanism of the huo xue hua yu method in treating retinal vein occlusion--observations on peripheral microcirculation]. PMID- 3157493 TI - [Clinical and experimental study of Typha angustata on hyperlipoidemia]. PMID- 3157494 TI - [The relationship between the typology of the yin-yang deficiency of traditional Chinese medicine and left ventricular functional performance in patients with cardiac disease]. PMID- 3157495 TI - [Treatment of pemphigus with western and traditional Chinese medicine combined--a clinical analysis of 30 cases]. PMID- 3157497 TI - [45 cases of latent glomerulonephritis treated with traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine]. PMID- 3157496 TI - [Clinical observations on the restoration of kidney function in patients with chronic nephritis treated with "warming kidney" therapy--an analysis of 68 cases]. PMID- 3157498 TI - [Effect of Tripterygium wilfordii on the remission of proteinuria in patients with nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 3157499 TI - [Experimental research on the yin-yang theory in traditional Chinese medicine (IV): The effect of monkshood, bark of the Chinese cassia tree and liu wei di huang fang on the myocardium of renovascular hypertensive rats]. PMID- 3157500 TI - [Effects of a compound prescription of blood activator and tetramethylpyrazine on the biosynthesis of thromboxane A2]. PMID- 3157501 TI - [Stimulant effect of Epimedium in an injection form on the growth of the chick embryo femur in vitro]. PMID- 3157502 TI - [Effect of yang tonics on the uterine estrogen receptors in the depressed hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex axis rats]. PMID- 3157503 TI - [Strategies and methodology of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine research in dermatology]. PMID- 3157504 TI - [Advances in the study of huo xue hua yu in Japan]. PMID- 3157505 TI - Liquid-chromatographic determination of ciprofloxacin in serum and urine. AB - We describe the liquid-chromatographic determination of ciprofloxacin in patients' serum and urine. Serum samples were prepared by precipitating protein with perchloric acid. Urine samples were diluted 100-fold with mobile phase. The mobile phase, consisting of pH 3 phosphate buffer/acetonitrile/methanol (81/5/14, by vol), was pumped through a mu Bondapak C18 reversed-phase column at 1.5 mL/min. Fluorescence of the effluent was monitored, at wavelengths for excitation and emission of 270 and 440 nm, respectively. Standard curves were linearly related to concentration from 0.08 to 10 mg/L for serum, 1 to 20 mg/L for urine. The procedure was evaluated in a clinical setting to determine its usefulness in studying the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in patients with concurrent diseases and receiving multiple drug therapies. PMID- 3157506 TI - The binding of dihematoporphyrin ether (photofrin II) to human serum albumin. AB - The variable aggregation of porphyrins such as Hp and Hpd introduces uncertainties and errors into attempts to measure their binding to proteins. Methods such as dialysis, ultrafiltration and gel chromatography, so frequently used, proved to be unreliable when applied to the binding of Hp to serum albumin. Quenching of tryptophan fluorescence will only occur at porphyrin binding sites which are closely situated to the tryptophan residue (1.7 nm). Porphyrin bound to more distant sites may not be included in this analytical procedure which must therefore be applied with reserve. In the present work, photofrin II (PII) was shown to consist of large aggregates greater than 20 000-30 000 Mr, solutions of which did not disaggregate on dilution down to 1 mumol/1. Addition of albumin resulted in a change in the absorption spectrum of PII. Thus, it was assumed that measurements of differential absorption gave the proportion of free-to-bound PII when serum albumin was added in graded amounts to its solution. By applying suitable calculations to the data, an association constant of 0.3 1/mumol +/- 30% was deducted. Hill plots of the binding data were linear with slopes close to unity. Experimentally determined uptake of PII by NHIK 3025 cells from solutions containing different amounts of HSA showed that the amount bound to the cells was proportional to the free PII. The kinetics of quenching of tryptophan fluorescence in HSA by PII indicates that there is one main porphyrin-binding site affecting this fluorescence. This binding site seems to have a slightly higher affinity for PII than the remaining sites. Up to 8 porphyrin rings of PII can be bound to an HSA molecule. PMID- 3157507 TI - Detection of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase deficiency by urinary steroid profiling: solvolysis of urinary samples should be a necessary prerequisite. AB - A urinary steroid profile from a patient with suspected 3 beta-HSD deficiency was prepared using capillary gas chromatography, employing only enzymatic deconjugation with Helix pomatia juice. In the chromatogram only very small peaks of dehydroepiandrosterone and 5-pregnenetriol were visible apart from other, for the diagnosis non-significant, peaks. However, after repeating the analysis including an additional solvolysis step, highly significant peaks of DHEA and 5 pregnenetriol became apparent, which suggests the necessity for a solvolysis step for a positive proof of 3 beta-HSD deficiency by urinary steroid profiling. PMID- 3157508 TI - Determination of beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin in human cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 3157509 TI - A time-dependent increase in galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase activity in human blood. PMID- 3157511 TI - Follow-up of prolactin levels in long-term oestrogen-treated male-to-female transsexuals with regard to prolactinoma induction. AB - As in laboratory animals, long-term oestrogen treatment in the human male might induce prolactinomas. We here report on PRL levels in 142 male-to-female transsexuals, treated with 100 mg cyproterone acetate and 100 micrograms ethinyloestradiol per day for 6-108 months (median 52). PRL levels varied markedly between individuals. No relation with age and length of treatment period was found. In 42 subjects in whom PRL levels were followed serially, a slight fall was measured after 12-15 months of treatment. Galactorrhoea, present in 10 of 142 subjects, was unrelated to PRL levels. In 34 subjects in whom PRL levels were measured during treatment and 3 weeks after withdrawal, PRL levels fell significantly. Dopamine in doses of 0.1 microgram/kg/min and 1.0 microgram/kg/min was administered to six subjects with PRL levels greater than 1000 mU/l and six subjects with PRL levels less than 500 mU/l. No difference in the percentage decrease of PRL levels was found between these two groups. However, administration of monoiodotyrosine, an inhibitor of central dopamine synthesis, to these two groups, induced a significantly smaller release of PRL (expressed as percentage change) in subjects with PRL greater than 1000 mU/l than in those with PRL less than 500 mU/1 possibly indicating a loss of control of central dopaminergic regulation. These findings suggest that the risk of inducing prolactinomas through cross-gender hormone treatment is likely to be small. PMID- 3157510 TI - T-cell sensitization to autologous thyroid cells and normal non-specific suppressor T-cell function in Graves' disease. AB - We have employed a syngeneic system utilizing thyroid cell monolayers initiated following thyroid surgery co-cultured with autologous T cells to demonstrate T cell autosensitization in patients with Graves' disease. Antigen-induced blastogenesis was monitored using 24 h [3H]thymidine uptake. Control experiments with 5 d cultured normal human thyroid cells from tissue around benign adenomata showed no evidence of syngeneic T cell autosensitization. Human thyroid cells alone were unable to incorporate [3H]thymidine in the presence of bTSH. In three of four experiments with Graves' thyroid cells there was significant induction of autologous T cell blastogenesis with a mean stimulation index of 220%. In parallel experiments we explored the non-specific helper and suppressor T cell function of these and similar patients with Graves' disease. In normal controls (n = 6) increasing numbers of T cells added to a constant number of B cells (consisting of a T cell depleted peripheral mononuclear cell preparation) showed a marked helper effect measured as increasing IgG secretion. As the ratio of T:B cells increased above 4:1 there was a suppression of IgG secretion. One of two hyperthyroid Graves' patients was observed to have deficient T cell function as demonstrated by lack of IgG suppression. The remaining five patients (all but one of whom were euthyroid at the time of testing) had results similar to the controls indicating normal suppressor T cell function in this disease. Such data showed that patients with Graves' disease possessed circulating T cells which exhibited autosensitization to syngeneic thyroid cell surface antigens, a phenomenon not demonstrable in control individuals. Furthermore, this specific T cell autosensitization did not interfere with non-specific T cell function as judged by its influence on IgG secretion. PMID- 3157512 TI - A radioimmunoassay for GnRH agonist analogue in serum of patients with prostate cancer treated with D-Ser (tBu)6 AZA Gly10 GnRH. AB - A radioimmunoassay is described for D-Ser (tBu)6 AZA Gly10 GnRH (ICI 118630) in serum of prostate cancer patients treated chronically with this peptide to produce a medical castration. With 125I-118630 as the label, and an anti-GnRH serum, the specificity of the assay is directed to the N-terminal end of the peptide, and putative degradation products have less than 6% cross-reactivity. The assay appears specific for intact 118630 which, after subcutaneous administration of 250 micrograms, has a half-time of disappearance from the serum of 4.9 +/- 0.4 h and a volume of distribution of 13.7 +/- 0.8 litres. Continuous subcutaneous infusion of 120 micrograms 118630/d gave stable serum concentrations of between 2-3 ng/ml for up to 63 d which were very similar to values predicted from pharmacokinetic analysis of the analogue clearance rate. This contrasts with the "peak and trough' pattern of serum 118630 levels measured in two subjects after 118630 administration from a subcutaneous implant containing 3.6 mg of peptide in a biodegradable formulation. Serum 118630 levels peaked at between 6-8 ng/ml 15 d after the implant and fell to less than 1 ng/ml at 29 d, immediately before the next implant. Serum 118630 levels following a second 3.6 mg implant were almost identical with respect to absolute concentration and time to peak value as after the first implant. This assay will be of value not only for evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of GnRH analogue release from new long-acting formulations, but also for correlation of serum peptide concentrations with pituitary gonadotroph desensitization. PMID- 3157513 TI - Cloacal exstrophy and related abdominal wall defects in Manitoba: incidence and demographic factors. AB - A retrospective descriptive study of omphalocele and exstrophic defects of the abdominal wall was carried out in Manitoba to determine the prevalence of these defects, changes in birth incidence with time and their etiologic heterogeneity. The incidence of isolated omphalocele was similar to that reported in other series but the overall incidence of other types of abdominal wall defects was high. Cloacal exstrophy, bladder exstrophy and amnion disruption defects contributed significantly to the number of cases ascertained and emphasized the heterogeneity of abdominal wall defects. There were fluctuations in birth incidence with time with cloacal exstrophy especially apparently being more common in 1980-81. No specific demographic or environmental factors were documented in the cases seen in 1980-81 which could explain the high incidence in these years. Cloacal exstrophy is, however, now appreciated to be much more common than first realized. Studied directed at elucidation of the causes of apparent changes in incidence of malformations such as omphalocele or exstrophic defects will have to take into account both the fluctuations in background incidence of these defects and the considerable diversity in their etiology. PMID- 3157514 TI - The incidence of Down syndrome in northern Finland with special reference to maternal age. AB - The incidence of live-born children with Down syndrome was found to be 1.73/1000 (1:578) in northern Finland over the years 1965 to 1979. Despite a marked reduction in the proportion of older mothers, no significant change in the incidence was observed. Instead, an age-specific rise in the incidence for mothers aged 25 to 29 years could be shown during the last five-year period in years 1975 to 1979. PMID- 3157515 TI - Cellular transfer of autoimmune aspermogenic orchiepididymitis (AIAO) by the i.v. route in the guinea pig. AB - In this study, AIAO was adoptively transferred with a high proportion of success to syngeneic recipient guinea pigs. Donors of strains 2 and 13 were sensitized with a series of spermatozoal autoantigens (whole spermatozoa and three autoantigens isolated therefrom: S, P and T). Syngeneic (experimental) and allogeneic (control) recipients were all transferred by strictly i.v. injections of lymphoid cells. The damage observed in testis and epididymis (mainly in the latter) was identical to, but milder than, that seen in active forms of AIAO. The incidence and severity of the disease were dependent on: the type of inducing antigen, S, T, P in order of decreasing efficiency; the length of immunization in donors, with increasingly serious lesions as periods ranged from 1 to 4 weeks; the presence or not of a complementary treatment of recipients with bacterial adjuvant enhancing the disease. Other parameters were less important, such as the strain 2 or 13 specificities, the amount of immunogen or the addition of peritoneal cells to lymph node cells. Skin hypersensitivity was concomitantly transferred to a large majority of isogenic recipients. But the incidence and severity of the disease showed only a partial correlation with Arthus type or delayed type responses to autoantigens. Thus guinea pig AIAO, already known to be transferable by immune sera (mainly anti-P and also anti-T) may also be transferred in physiological conditions by sensitized lymphoid cells (mainly anti S and also anti-T). PMID- 3157516 TI - The effect of 2'deoxyguanosine on human lymphocyte responses. II. 2'deoxyguanosine enhances PWM-induced B cell differentiation. AB - Addition of 40 microM 2'deoxyguanosine (2'd Guo) results in enhancement of human lymphocyte cultures stimulated with pokeweed mitogen, assessed by staining intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins. Furthermore, B cell responses were enhanced under experimental conditions favouring T cell suppression rather than help. Experiments with enriched B cell fractions indicate that 2'dGuo does not directly stimulate B cell responses. The enhancement by 2'dGuo was still observed in the presence of irradiated (non-proliferating) T cells. The mechanism of enhancement by 2'dGuo is discussed in terms of its effect on proliferation-independent suppressor T cells. PMID- 3157517 TI - Antibody to bacteriophage phi X 174 synthesized by cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Following immunization of human subjects with the antigen bacteriophage phi X 174, concomitant with the rise in serum antibody, cells appear in the circulation which in vitro, without antigen stimulation, synthesize antibody of the same class as serum antibody in most subjects studied. This function is inhibited by puromycin or irradiation, is independent of T cells and occurs within the first 36-72 h of culture. Such cells are found only in recently immunized subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from all immunized subjects synthesize more antibody to phi X 174 in vitro if antigen is present during cell culture; none was synthesized by antigen containing PBM cultures from unimmunized subjects. This antigen-induced antibody response is T cell and antigen dose dependent and inhibited by puromycin or irradiation. Following primary immunization the antibody synthesized in vivo and in vitro is IgM. Following secondary immunization IgG antibody is immediately detected in vivo but in vitro antigen-induced antibody continues to be IgM for at least 3 months. IgG antibody then appears: once this class switch occurs, in vitro antigen-induced IgG antibody can be demonstrated in cultured PBM of subjects for many years, without further booster immunization. PMID- 3157518 TI - Immunoregulation of immunoglobulin production in normal infants and children. AB - Proportion of T cell subsets, spontaneous and PWM stimulated immunoglobulin production by peripheral blood lymphocytes and concanavalin A- (Con A) stimulated suppressor cell activity on immunoglobulin production by B cells was studied in 37 infants and children, to investigate changes of these parameters with age. Proportion of suppressor/cytotoxic (T8+) T lymphocytes was significantly lower in children below the age of 5 years, while there was no difference in proportion of total T lymphocytes (T3+) and helper/inducer (T4+) T cells. Spontaneous production and secretion of IgG and IgM by lymphocytes from children of all age groups was similar to that found in adults, but lymphocytes of children below the age of 10 years showed a low response to PWM stimulation. The activity of Con A induced suppressor cells in inhibiting B cells producing immunoglobulins was almost absent in infancy, gradually increased during childhood and reached adult levels in teenagers. A significant association between the proportion of T8+ cells and Con A-induced suppression of B cell proliferation and a relationship between T4+ cells and spontaneous Ig production indicated the increasing maturity with respect to both number and function of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets with advancing age. PMID- 3157519 TI - T and B lymphocytes with immunoglobulin E Fc receptors (Fc epsilon R) in patients with nonallergic hyperimmunoglobulinemia E: demonstration using a monoclonal antibody against Fc epsilon R-associated antigen. AB - T and B cells bearing Fc receptors for IgE (Fc epsilon R) were studied in 7 patients with hyperimmunoglobulinemia E (2 with hyper IgE syndrome and 5 with Kimura's disease). Fc epsilon R was detected by both rosette formation with IgE coated red cells (Eo'-IgE) and immunofluorescence assay using H107 monoclonal antibody recognizing a determinant(s) associated with lymphocyte Fc epsilon R. A high correlation was observed between the proportions of Eo'-IgE rosette-forming cells (RFC) and H107+ cells. All patients had a large number of Fc epsilon R positive cells (mean +/- 1 SD; 9.7 +/- 3.7% Eo'-IgE-RFC, 8.4 +/- 3.4% H107+ cells) in contrast to those of 6 normal subjects (0.7 +/- 1.2% Eo'-IgE-RFC, 0.3 +/- 0.4% H107+ cells). In one patient with Kimura's disease, the presence of Fc epsilon R-bearing T cells was confirmed by two-dimensional flow cytometry, using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-H107 and phycoerythrin (PE)-Leu-1. H107 antigens seemed to be expressed on both helper/inducer and suppressor T-cell populations. The direct analysis of Fc epsilon R+ T cells by 2-D flow cytometry with H107 antibody may facilitate the study of hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. PMID- 3157522 TI - Normal ConA induced suppressor cell function in minimal change nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3157520 TI - Long-term cultivation of T-cell subsets from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and from healthy controls have been cultured in vitro in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and interleukin 2 (IL-2). The T-cell subsets that grew were of both helper and suppressor type within the first week, but after 1-3 months, T cells with a suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype predominated. The lymphocytes from AIDS patients responded less effectively to the culture conditions employed. These results indicate that IL-2 can be used to maintain both major subsets of T cells from AIDS patients as well as healthy controls for short periods. However, in both situations, the helper phenotype is selectively reduced after one month in culture. PMID- 3157521 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations and immunoglobulin production in IgA nephropathy. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations were identified and Ig production in vitro was studied in patients with IgA nephropathy and in age-matched controls. The investigations were performed in an infection-free interval. The proportions of T-lymphocytes with Fc receptors for IgG and IgM, respectively, did not differ between patients and controls. T-suppressor (Leu 2A) and T-helper (Leu 3A) cells, as defined by monoclonal antibodies, were within normal range. The PWM-stimulated in vitro synthesis of IgA, IgG and IgM was somewhat higher in the patients than in the controls. However, the differences were not statistically significant. Thus, in the infection-free interval no evidence for a uniform disturbance in the lymphocyte subsets could be found. PMID- 3157523 TI - Red cell membrane biology--introduction. PMID- 3157524 TI - Abnormal Tc-99m MDP skeletal muscle tomoscintigraphic images characterizing a case of severe rhabdomyolysis. PMID- 3157525 TI - Radioisotope bone scanning in a case of sarcoidosis. AB - The application of radioisotope scanning to osseous involvement from systemic sarcoidosis has been infrequently described in the scientific literature. Most commonly, the small bones of the hands and feet are affected if sarcoidosis involves the skeleton. Nonetheless, there are also occasional manifestations of sarcoid in the skull, long bones, and vertebral bodies. This paper describes a case of sarcoid involving the lung parenchyma with multiple lesions in the skull and ribs demonstrated by bone scanning with Tc-99m MDP. Following treatment with steroids, the bone scan showed complete resolution of the rib lesions and almost complete resolution of the lesions in the calvarium. PMID- 3157526 TI - Painful ankle. Os trigonum vs fracture. PMID- 3157527 TI - "Reactivation" of Tc-99m MDP uptake in heterotopic bone. AB - Heterotopic bone in the left femoral head area showed progressive decrease in Tc 99m MDP uptake, only to reveal increased uptake at a later date. PMID- 3157528 TI - Noninvasive monitoring of tissue viability. AB - Noninvasive monitoring techniques are procedures of little or no morbidity that may be repeated frequently to assess tissue viability. The ideal noninvasive technique would be safe, sensitive, reliable, reproducible, simple to use, and inexpensive. Although no such ideal technique yet exists, several currently available methods have clinical usefulness. Visual fluorescein, fluorescein photography, and surface fluorometry all work by the same principle. We prefer the surface fluorometer because of its greater sensitivity, the more objective nature of the data it provides, and the greater frequency with which it can be repeated. Ultrasound Doppler techniques are useful preoperatively in locating vessels and assessing their patency, and we have found the bidirectional Doppler quite helpful in the postoperative monitoring of replanted or revascularized digits. The laser Doppler, photoplethysmograph, and surface thermometer have not been as helpful in our experience. Transcutaneous oxygen measurement shows great promise for the postoperative monitoring of replants and free tissue transfers. PMID- 3157529 TI - HLA antigens and adverse drug reactions to sodium aurothiomalate and D penicillamine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The association between HLA antigens and adverse drug reactions (ADR), (e.g. proteinuria, haematological abnormalities, stomatitis, diarrhoea and dermatitis) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to sodium aurothiomalate (gold) and to D penicillamine (PA) were studied in 32 patients. Thirty-eight RA patients treated with gold and PA, and with no ADR to these drugs, were used as controls. The frequency of HLA B8 was significantly (p less than 0.05) increased among RA patients with ADR compared to plasma donors. DR3 was also significantly increased (p less than 0.05) in RA patients with haematological ADR compared to plasma donors. Haematological ADR occurred significantly (p less than 0.05) more often in DR3 positive patients (55%) than among DR3 negative RA patients (27%). PMID- 3157531 TI - Sacroiliitis and acne conglobata. AB - A 24-year old man developed a bilateral sacroiliitis in association with acne conglobata. The acne conglobata was followed after the use of prednisone during 9 months. The prednisone was taken for a severe form of sarcoidosis. This may be a new instance of a relatively uncommon and poorly understood relationship between a particular form of acne and associated arthritis. PMID- 3157530 TI - Clinical study of Thai patients with ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Sixty-one Thai patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), diagnosed in accordance with Rome and New York criteria for AS, were studied. The cases includes idiopathic AS (46 cases), Reiter's syndrome AS (8 cases) and psoriatic spondylitis (7 cases). The vast majority of patients were male (Male:Female = 11.2:1), and in over three-fourths the age of onset was between 10 and 39. Low back pain and peripheral arthritis as the initial manifestations were observed in 78.68 and 55.73% of patients respectively. Peripheral arthritis was evident during the course of illness in 72.13% of cases, oligoarticular arthritis being predominant (68.97%). Heel pain, tendonitis and plantar pain were noted in 19.67, 4.92 and 3.28% respectively. Most patients had lumbosacral and thoracic spine involvements, and only 49.18% showed involvement of the cervical spine. Bilateral sacroiliitis was noted in 98.36%. Uveitis was evident in 11.47% while evidence of aortic insufficiency was noted in 3.28%. An association with HLA-B27 was encountered in 91.07% of all cases. In general, the clinical features of AS in Thai patients are similar to those reported elsewhere, but an association with inflammatory bowel disease and Behcet's disease are notably absent. PMID- 3157532 TI - Occupational contact with coins in nickel-allergic patients. PMID- 3157533 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from rubber boots. PMID- 3157534 TI - Allergenicity of Toxicodendron sylvestre (Anacardiaceae). PMID- 3157536 TI - Occupational pitted keratolysis. PMID- 3157535 TI - Contact dermatitis from the irritancy (immediate and delayed) and allergenicity of hydroxypropyl acrylate. PMID- 3157537 TI - False-positive, follicular and irritant patch test reactions to metal salts. AB - 853 hard metal workers were patch tested with nickel sulphate 5%, potassium dichromate 0.5% and cobalt chloride 1%, each in petrolatum. Non-allergic reactions appeared in 6.5% of the nickel tests, 13% of the chromium tests and 18.3% of the cobalt tests. Most of the individuals with positive, poral or pustular reactions were retested with serial dilutions of metal salts in pet. and in water. The accuracy of a positive initial nickel reaction was 83%, a chromium reaction 40% and a cobalt reaction 62%. The nonallergic reactions were partly reproducible and correlated with both the type of patch test material and with individual factors. Weak and moderately strong positive patch test reactions to metal salts may be irritant and should be checked with serial dilution tests or at least be retested. A reduction of the cobalt chloride concentration from 1% to 0.5% in the standard test material is discussed. PMID- 3157538 TI - Biocide patch tests. AB - Routine patch testing with a series of 6 industrial biocides containing methylene bis-thiocyanate (Cytox 3522), benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT), chlorocresol (Preventol CMK), 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Kathon 893), polyhydroxymethylene monobenzylether (Preventol D2) or 1,3,5-tris (hydroxy-ethyl) hexahydrotriazine (Grotan BK) was carried out in 6 Danish out-patient clinics to evaluate guinea pig allergy test results with the same compounds. A total of 1652 consecutive patients with dermatitis were tested. The usefulness of this patch test battery was limited. There were a few positive reactions to Cytox 3522, BIT and the 2 formaldehyde releasers, Preventol D2 and Grotan BK. These reactions could not, however, be explained. The MOAHL-index (% of Male patients, Occupational cases, Atopic patients, Hand eczemas, and Leg ulcers/stasis dermatitis) for patients from the 6 clinics showed equal frequencies of male patients and atopics, but significant differences in the frequencies of occupational cases, hand eczemas, and leg ulcers/stasis dermatitis, indicating possible variations in referral patterns, use of patch tests, and/or environmental factors. PMID- 3157539 TI - Mechanism of crosslinking of proteins by glutaraldehyde III. Reaction with collagen in tissues. AB - Bovine pericardium, a dense collagenous connective tissue, was crosslinked with glutaraldehyde using different modalities of fixation. The degree of crosslinking was evaluated as a function of the ability of CNBr and pronase to solubilize collagen. Our results suggest that glutaraldehyde fixes primarily the surface of the fibers and creates a polymeric network which hinders the further crosslinking of the interstitium of the fiber. When a low concentration of glutaraldehyde was used, a slow time-dependent crosslinking process was observed. This slow process is maintained over a long period of time, greatly beyond that required for the actual penetration of glutaraldehyde to occur. PMID- 3157541 TI - Isolation and characterization of fibronectin from baboon plasma. AB - Fibronectin has been purified from baboon plasma by affinity chromatography on immobilized gelatin. Baboon fibronectin has subunit sizes, CNBr and thermolysin peptide patterns and an amino acid composition similar to human fibronectin. In Ouchterlony plates, baboon plasma fibronectin gives an immunological reaction of identity with human fibronectin, and a partial reaction with hamster fibronectin, using a goat antibody to human fibronectin. By radial immunodiffusion and rocket immunoelectrophoresis, using the same antibody, baboon fibronectin gives a dose response pattern similar to human fibronectin. Plasma concentrations of fibronectin in baboons are similar to those in humans. Fibronectin is thus another interesting protein that is closely related to its human counterpart and can be studied in subhuman primates using available antibodies to the human protein. PMID- 3157540 TI - Immunoelectron microscopy of proteodermatan sulfate in human mid-dermis. AB - Proteodermatan sulfate was isolated from the skin of human, female breast in 6-M urea and proteolytic inhibitors at 70 degrees C and purified on Sephacryl S-200. It was composed of 55% protein and 45% dermatan sulfate, displayed one protein and carbohydrate-stainable band on agarose-polyacrylamide gels, yielded dermatan sulfate after digestion by papain, and its calculated E0.1% 1 cm, 280 nm was 16.2. Its mucopolysaccharide portion was digested by chondroitinase ABC but not by chondroitinase AC. This proteoglycan was used to immunize rabbits. Double diffusion of antiserum against the antigen or its core protein resulted in one precipitation band. Antiserum did not cross-react with bovine collagen type I, human fibronectin, dermatan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, heparin, heparan sulfate or the chondroitin sulfates by double diffusion. The antiserum titer determined by radioimmunoassay was 1:16,000. This assay was not affected by a 40-fold excess of dermatan sulfate. Purified IgG molecules were apparently associated with collagen in human breast mid-dermis as demonstrated by indirect immunoelectron microscopy with ferritin-labeled goat antirabbit IgG. The results indicate that rabbit anti human, anti-proteodermatan sulfate IgG is highly specific for the core protein of dermatan sulfate and confirm the hypothesis that in vivo proteodermatan sulfate is closely associated with collagen. PMID- 3157542 TI - Age related evolution of stable collagen reticulation in human skin. AB - The relaxation time of hydrothermal isometric tensions (HIT) was measured in different tissues during collagen hydrolysis. This hydrolysis was shown to have the same activation energy in all skin samples studied, whatever the species and age. Therefore, variations in the HIT relaxation half-time at the boiling point, exclusively reflected variations in the reticulation degree of the stable infinite network of denatured collagen. Stable collagen reticulation was studied in human skin from birth to 70 yrs of age in 113 biopsies, by measuring the relaxation half-time of hydrothermal isometric tension (HIT) at boiling point. This time was observed to vary in three different ways as a function of age: 1) from birth to eight or 10 yrs and from 14-15 yrs until adulthood, it increased constantly, and at the same rate; 2) during early puberty, the striking observation was the dramatic decrease of relaxation time value which remained low for 4-5 yrs thereafter, and 3) from adulthood to 70 yrs of age, relaxation time values were scattered along several plateaux, apparently separated by similar incremental steps. A parallel study on rat and pig skin showed a similar age related evolution for collagen stable reticulation i.e., a sudden drop of reticulation at puberty, and low values for several months thereafter, followed by a linear increase, at the same rate as that observed for human skin. The study of collagen reticulation in various pathological situations may help to clarify and increase our understanding of the different mechanisms involved in collagen modifications during in vivo growth and aging. PMID- 3157543 TI - Identification and characterization of the immunoprecipitating medium- and low density tryptic fragments of bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan. AB - The fragments responsible for the immunodiffusion reactivity of middle- and low density fractions of trypsin-digested bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan have been identified and obtained in relatively homogeneous fractions. Glycosaminoglycan-bearing tryptic fragments were isolated from 4 M guanidinium chloride extracts of cartilage by ion-exchange chromatography and fractionated by dissociative equilibrium density gradient ultracentrifugation at a starting density of 1.50. Fragments in the middle fractions of the density gradient were digested with chondroitinase ABC and subfractionated by Sepharose 6B column chromatography. Middle-density subfractions contained fragments which were chemically and immunologically identical to those in high-density fragment subfractions of similar elution from Sepharose 6B. The middle-density subfractions contained two additional immunoprecipitating fragments. One, with alanine as N-terminal amino acid, was isolated by virtue of its retention by a column of concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B and its resistance to digestion with keratanase; the second was concentrated in a subfraction whose elution from concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B was retarded. The gradient fraction of lowest density contained fragments with the properties of the major tryptic fragments of the hyaluronic acid-binding segment of the proteoglycan monomer and the link proteins. These were recovered as a complex in the void volume upon Sepharose gel chromatography in saline-buffer and were resolved into relatively homogeneous fractions by column chromotography on CL-Sepharose 6B in 4 M guanidinium chloride. In all, tryptic digests of cartilage proteoglycan contain at least seven different immunoprecipitating fragments, some of which may not have been correctly identified previously. PMID- 3157544 TI - Biosynthesis of hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate and structural glycoproteins in hamster lung explants during elastase induced emphysema. AB - Hyaluronic acid (HA), heparan sulfate (HS) and structural glycoproteins (SGP) were investigated in explant cultures of hamster lungs by studying incorporation of 14C-glucosamine (14C GlcN) on the first and on the 24th day after intratracheal administration of pancreatic elastase. The different 14C radiolabeled macromolecules were extracted sequentially by 0.4 M guanidinium chloride (0.4 M GUA), 4 M GUA and collagenase digestion. At one day following elastase injury, a 4.2 fold increase of 14C GlcN incorporation into HA released in 0.4 M GUA extract and a 2.6 fold increase into HS released in the collagenase digests were observed compared to control tissues; at 24 days, the increased 14C GlcN incorporation into HA and HS persist but to a lesser extent. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing carried out on 4 M GUA extracts, demonstrated identical quantitative and qualitative distribution of 14C GlcN between the major SGP (140 and 110 K with pI 7.8 and 4.5 respectively) in the normal and the experimental groups. These results indicate that pulmonary SGP biosynthesis is not modified at one and 24 days after elastase injury, whereas HA and HS biosynthesis are consistently increased. These results suggest a specific role of these macromolecules in emphysematous injury of the lung. PMID- 3157545 TI - In vitro metabolic response of articular cartilage segments to low levels of hydrostatic pressure. AB - Bovine and human articular cartilage segments exhibit variable alterations in metabolism following in vitro exposure to hydrostatic pressure. A decrease in incorporation of the labeled substrates 35SO4, 3H-glycine and 3H-uridine to values less than 50% of non-pressurized tissue results from exposure to pressures between 75 and 300 psi. A pressure of 375 psi consistently results in a 10-15% increase in cartilage synthetic activity in the presence or absence of 10% fetal calf serum. Dialyzed fetal calf serum increases the metabolic response at 375 psi from 10% to 55%. The recovery phase following exposure to pressure includes a release (rebound) phenomenon whereby a burst of metabolic activity elevates the metabolic rate to normal levels when the tissues are inhibited (75-300 psi) and accelerates the metabolic rate by 60% in tissues whose metabolism was elevated (375 psi). These data suggest that articular cartilage chondrocytes have the capacity to rapidly and differentially transform mechanical signals derived from application of hydrostatic pressure into metabolic events. The direction of the response is apparently dictated by the magnitude of the applied force and presence of dialyzable components in serum. Although the force applied only partially mimics in vivo forces, the observed responses to pressure support the thesis that pressure modulation of metabolic activity in articular cartilage may be an important factor in its maintenance. PMID- 3157546 TI - Long-term effects of Depo-Provera on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. AB - Long-term effects of injection Depo-Provera (depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were studied in 157 women who were treated continuously for a mean duration of 43.3 months. The patients were matched with 162 controls for race, age, parity and height. Glucose tolerance was impaired with higher intolerance at longer duration. Glucose areas were significantly higher at 48 and 60 months of injection. Insulin levels were also significantly decreased at 30 minutes and increased at 150 minutes but the area was normal. Triglycerides were initially decreased, being significant at 36 months (p less than 0.001) and returned to normal at 60 months while cholesterols were significantly higher at 24 and 36 months (p less than 0.05) and 60 months (p less than 0.001). In view of these findings, Depo-Provera may have an advantage over oral pills on a short term basis as there are less alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. PMID- 3157547 TI - The effect of oral medroxyprogesterone acetate and methyltestosterone on sexual functioning in a male contraceptive trial. AB - Twenty-three men who participated in a 15-month clinical trial to assess the potential effectiveness of using a combination of varying doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and methyltestosterone (MT) as a male contraceptive agent, completed a "sexual problem checklist" every two weeks. The study was divided into three phases: pre-treatment (3 months), treatment (6 months), post-treatment (6 months). The questionnaire evaluated changes in various aspects of sexual behaviour and sexual perception and explored whether the treatment influenced any of the parameters considered. The results indicated a small, but significant, decrease in subjective assessment of sexual drive. This was not, however, accompanied by a change in sexual behaviour, in that subjects experienced the same number of erections, ejaculations and frequency of intercourse. It is concluded that the combination of MPA and MT in the doses used may produce a slight decrease in subjective assessment of sexual drive, but no change in actual sexual behaviour. PMID- 3157548 TI - Therapeutic plasma exchange: achievements versus expectations. PMID- 3157549 TI - Stereospecificity for nicotinamide nucleotides in enzymatic and chemical hydride transfer reactions. AB - The pyridine nucleotide (NAD and NADP)-linked enzymes are a large class of enzymes constituting approximately 17% of all classified enzymes. When these enzymes catalyze their reactions, the hydride transfer between the substrate and the reaction site (i.e., C-4 of the nicotinamide/dihydronicotinamide ring) of the coenzyme takes place in a stereospecific manner. Thus, in the reaction of oxidation of the reduced coenzyme, one group of enzymes catalyzes the extraction of only the hydrogen having the R configuration at the No. 4 carbon, while the other group catalyzes the removal of only that with the S configuration. Because this aspect of enzyme stereospecificity provides essential information for a given enzyme's reaction mechanism, active site structure, and evolutionary relationship with other enzymes, intensive effort has been made to establish the stereospecificities of as many enzymes as possible. This review presents the compilation of the stereospecificities of these enzymes. Some empirical rules, which are useful but not definitive, in predicting a given enzyme's stereospecificity are also described. In addition, the stereospecificity in enzymatic reactions is compared to the stereo-preference in chemical oxidoreduction of the coenzyme. In order to elucidate the mechanism for the enzyme stereospecificity, the conformations of the coenzyme in free-state and enzyme-bound state are extensively discussed here. PMID- 3157550 TI - Catamenial hemoptysis. New methods of diagnosis and therapy. AB - Bronchopulmonary endometriosis is a rare cause of hemoptysis. We describe a woman with catamenial hemoptysis which was localized with chest CAT scanning and treated successfully with danazol. The proposed pathogenesis and manifestations of thoracic endometriosis are reviewed, and the use of new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in its management are discussed. PMID- 3157551 TI - In vitro antibacterial activity of norfloxacin and other agents against ocular pathogens. AB - 302 clinical isolates representing 16 bacterial species most often implicated in ocular infections were tested in vitro against norfloxacin and a panel of antibacterial agents. On the basis of the 90% minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC90) data, norfloxacin was 4-32 times more active than the next best antimicrobial tested against Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus epidermidis, with overall MIC90 less than or equal to 1 mg/l. Norfloxacin was equal in activity to polymyxin B against Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC90 = 1 mg/l), and it ranked second to both polymyxin B against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and cotrimoxazole against Staphylococcus aureus, (MIC90 = 2 mg/l in each case). Along with neomycin and cotrimoxazole, norfloxacin (MIC90 = 1 mg/l) ranked second to gentamicin and tetracycline against Moraxella species. Compared to erythromycin (MIC90 less than or equal to 0.125 mg/l), norfloxacin (MIC90 less than or equal to 16 mg/l) was considerably less active against streptococci. Overall, norfloxacin was the most active agent in both potency and antibacterial spectrum against the test organisms. These results suggest the potential use of norfloxacin in the treatment of superficial bacterial infections of the eye. PMID- 3157552 TI - At-risk toddlers and their mothers: the special case of physical handicap. AB - Previous studies of school-aged children with physical handicaps indicate passivity, inhibition, and deficits in cognitive-linguistic functioning, sometimes interpreted as consequent to parent-child problems. The present study examined the functioning of toddlers with physical anomalies (but without CNS damage) in comparison to premature toddlers (who share deviant early experience but not deviant physical appearance) and to normal toddlers. 14 mother-child pairs in each group were videotaped at 9, 12, 18, and 24 months in a variety of semistructured situations. Both premature and handicapped toddlers performed more poorly in measures of social initiative, focused play, language production, and 2 year IQ. In addition, handicapped toddlers manifested increased distractibility, decreased compliance, and reluctance to separate from their mothers. Mothers of both prematures and handicapped toddlers were more initiating and less responsive than controls, while mothers of handicapped children were also more likely to both encourage and ignore their toddlers. Patterns previously reported for older children are therefore found here with toddlers. Maternal patterns are interpreted as supporting Bell's model of compensatory "lower-limit" effects. PMID- 3157553 TI - [Huntington's chorea--report of 29 cases]. PMID- 3157554 TI - [Intravenous dacron-cuffed catheter]. PMID- 3157555 TI - [Desmoid tumor of the abdominal wall: report of 25 cases]. PMID- 3157557 TI - Peritoneoscopy in the management of catheter malfunction during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is widely used in the maintenance of patients with chronic renal failure. Obstruction or displacement of the chronic dialysis catheter, which prevents dialysate drainage, can compromise ongoing dialysis. Conservative approaches (body position change, saline infusion, and enema) are often unsuccessful and more aggressive therapy may be required. We report the use of peritoneoscopy to reposition malfunctioning peritoneal dialysis catheters. The procedure proved to be safe and gave excellent long-term results. PMID- 3157556 TI - Scrotal and abdominal skin necrosis complicating intravenous vasopressin therapy for bleeding esophageal varices. AB - Two patients with severe liver disease developed scrotal necrosis after intravenous vasopressin infusion for bleeding esophageal varices. One of these patients also developed anterior abdominal wall skin necrosis. Although ischemic complications secondary to vasopressin are probably not totally avoidable, attention to hypovolemia, concomitantly administered pressor drugs, patient position, and points of local pressure may decrease the likelihood of these previously unreported complications. PMID- 3157558 TI - [Protective skin ointments. Their value in preventing occupational dermatoses]. AB - The application of topical skin protectant products is discussed. Their primary indication is prophylaxis of non-allergic contact dermatitis. In persons already sensitized a reliable prevention of allergic contact eczema is doubtful. The methods which have been used in the past to prove the efficacy of skin protective ointments are examined critically. Most of the model experiments are of an acute character. They do not adequately suit the practical work situation, where occupational dermatoses develop after frequent contact with relatively small doses of noxious substances. A repetitive patch-test method is presented and with the use of two skin protective agents it is demonstrated how the efficacy of such products can be proven. For effective preventive measures in industry, it is recommended that skin protection plans be set up. It has been proven that such measures reduce the morbidity rate of occupational dermatoses, which serves to show its economical importance. PMID- 3157559 TI - A study on the source of increased serum alkaline phosphatase in rats treated with ethinyl oestradiol or testosterone undecanoate. PMID- 3157561 TI - Electrodiagnostic examination, back pain and entrapment of posterior rami. PMID- 3157560 TI - [Laparoscopy, endometrial biopsy and microbiology in the diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease]. PMID- 3157562 TI - The levels of androgen in serum in female acne patients. AB - Twenty six female acne patients aged between 27 and 42 years were investigated. Blood samples were taken and radioimmunoassayble testosterone, androstenedione and DHEA-S were determined. Seven out of 26 patients (27%) had normal androgen serum levels. In 19 patients one or more androgen serum levels were elevated. DHEA-S (23%) alone and testosterone, androstenedione plus DHEA-S (15%) showed the greatest incidences of elevated levels. Testosterone and androstenedione, respectively, were elevated in 3 patients whereas DHEA-S alone was elevated in 6 patients. 71% with normal androgen serum levels and 72% of patients with elevated androgens presented with premenstrual or menstrual exacerbation of acne. In addition, patients with elevated testosterone, androstenedione or with all measured androgens elevated had menstrual disorders and premenstrual formation of therapy resistant big nodules in the chin area. Present data combine to suggest that the determination of androgens is of importance for the evaluation of acne patients. PMID- 3157563 TI - Changes in beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in pituitary portal blood during the estrous cycle and after ovariectomy in rats. AB - beta-Endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-EP-LI) was measured by RIA in plasma collected from pituitary portal vessels of rats at various times in the estrous cycle and after ovariectomy. There were no appreciable differences between the mean beta-EP-LI concentration either in the afternoon (1500-1700 h) of estrus (4.1 +/- 1.5 ng/ml) or on diestrous days 1 (4.1 +/- 1.3 ng/ml) or 2 (5.4 +/- 1.5 ng/ml). The concentration increased slightly (6.7 +/- 1.3 ng/ml) but not significantly in the early afternoon (1400-1500 h) of proestrus. The concentration of beta-EP-LI then fell to 0.5 +/- 0.1 ng/ml at 1700-1800 h on proestrus, a level significantly lower than at any other time of the cycle. Portal plasma beta-EP-LI was also low (1.9 +/- 0.5 ng/ml) in animals ovariectomized for 3 weeks. After gel filtration of the portal plasma extracts, most of the beta-EP-LI eluted in the same position as synthetic beta-EP. Dilution of portal plasma produced a displacement curve parallel to that of beta-EP and hypothalamic extract. These results indicate that the secretion of hypothalamic beta-EP into the blood of pituitary portal vessels changes during the estrous cycle, possibly due to cyclic changes in sex steroids. PMID- 3157564 TI - Hyperprolactinemia decreases the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone concentration in pituitary portal plasma: a possible role for beta-endorphin as a mediator. AB - Hyperprolactinemia can reduce the LH secretion in rats, but the mechanism of the effect of PRL is not clear. We have investigated the actions of PRL on the secretion of LHRH and LH and the interaction among PRL, beta-endorphin (beta-EP), and LHRH. The effects of PRL on LHRH and LH secretion were studied in ovariectomized female rats after transplanting four anterior pituitaries to the right kidney capsule of each ovariectomized rat for 2-3 weeks. The level of PRL in rats with pituitary transplants was approximately 5 times higher than that in control rats. The concentration of LHRH in pituitary portal plasma of hyperprolactinemic rats was approximately 4 times lower than that in control rats. Hyperprolactinemic animals also showed lower plasma LH levels than the controls. Since beta-EP inhibits the secretion of LHRH, we have tested whether the reduced secretion of LHRH in hyperprolactinemic ovariectomized rats is associated with an increase in beta-EP activity. This was studied by measuring the concentration of beta-EP in pituitary portal plasma and the response of LHRH and LH to the opiate antagonist naloxone. The level of beta-EP-like immunoreactivity in pituitary portal plasma was significantly higher in hyperprolactinemic rats than in control animals. Naloxone (10 mg/kg, sc) increased both LHRH and LH concentrations in hyperprolactinemic rats, but not in control rats. The present results demonstrate that hyperprolactinemia can reduce LHRH release and suggest a possible involvement of beta-EP in the PRL inhibitory action on LHRH. PMID- 3157565 TI - A case of malignant hemangioendothelioma of the stomach. AB - A case of malignant hemangioendothelioma of the stomach is reported. The patient was a 21-year-old female who developed bloody stool. Pathological studies on the stomach revealed a gastric submucosal tumor. This tumor was growing on the outside of the stomach wall and formed a large abdominal mass. Evidence of metastases was detected in the liver, omentum and parietovisceral peritoneum. Biopsies were taken of the gastric mucosa and the metastatic lesions of the liver and omentum, and histological studies on these specimens led to the diagnosis of malignant hemangioendothelioma. A laparoscopic examination yielded very interesting findings: the presence of small red tumors on the omentum and the parietovisceral peritoneum. The usefulness of laparoscopic examination in the diagnosis of malignant hemangioendothelioma of the stomach is stressed. PMID- 3157566 TI - Past and current dermatological status of yusho patients. AB - Skin symptoms of yusho and their subsequent change were described. In the early stage, skin eruptions were the most prominent features of yusho. Acneform eruptions and pigmentation were most conspicuous. With the passage of time, these symptoms have improved considerably and most patients have very slight eruptions now, except for the severely intoxicated group. In the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) in the blood, the severely intoxicated group with intense skin symptoms showed pattern A--a typical yusho-specific pattern. The blood PCB patterns of each patient were stable, with no alteration after many years; on the other hand, the blood PCB concentrations have diminished year by year. PMID- 3157568 TI - In vitro activity of enoxacin compared with norfloxacin and amikacin. AB - The in vitro activity of enoxacin was tested against 1000 clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms and compared with that of norfloxacin and amikacin. The MIC90 of enoxacin was 1 mg/l for Enterobacteriaceae, 2.6 mg/l for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 6.2 mg/l or Staphylococcus aureus. The inoculum effect was minimal. The MICs and MBCs for Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were significantly affected by the addition of calcium and magnesium ions. Synergy was occasionally observed between enoxacin and the antibiotics tested; antagonism was rare. PMID- 3157567 TI - In vitro activity of six antibiotics against multiresistant staphylococci and other gram-positive cocci. AB - Sixty-two strains of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, 21 Streptococcus faecalis and 17 other strains of streptococci isolated from cases of endocarditis were tested for sensitivity against rifampicin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, fusidic acid, erythromycin and novobiocin. Only rifampicin, novobiocin and teicoplanin were found to be active against the great majority of these strains. The microbial properties of these antibiotics suggest the necessity of combinations for effective therapy. The combinations rifampicin + novobiocin and rifampicin + teicoplanin were additive and suppressed the emergence of resistant mutants. Thus according to in vitro tests, either of these two combinations would be suitable for prophylactic use in high-risk patients, especially those scheduled to receive prosthetic implants. PMID- 3157569 TI - Tumor and liver uptake models of 67Ga-citrate. AB - After administration 67Ga concentrates with time in lysosomes from the cytoplasm of liver cells. The lysosomal role in the accumulation of 67Ga in the liver cell is weakened upon transformation of the liver cell into a malignant tumor cell. In malignant tumors (except for hepatoma) the lysosome does not play a major role in the tumor concentration of 67Ga. 67Ga is bound to acid mucopolysaccharides (keratan polysulfate, etc.) in both tumor and liver. In liver cells, large amounts of 67Ga are transported into lysosomes with these acid mucopolysaccharides, and in hepatoma cells, quite large amounts of 67Ga are transported into lysosomes with these acid mucopolysaccharides. In malignant tumor cells (except for hepatoma) the effect is much smaller, the acid mucopolysaccharides transporting very little 67Ga into lysosome. The 67Ga is concentrated in viable tumor tissue within malignant tissue but hardly at all in necrotic tumor tissue, and concentrates avidly in inflammatory infiltration around tumor cells. Plenty of 67Ga is found in liver but very little in connective tissue associated with the liver. PMID- 3157570 TI - Evolution of the proportion of patients with Down's syndrome karyotyped in Belgium since 1960. AB - Estimation of the total number of infants with DS born each year in Belgium allows evaluation of changes in the proportion of children with DS in whom a karyotype has been established. This proportion steadily increased to 95% of the children with DS born in 1978. PMID- 3157571 TI - High-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate versus prednisolone in hormone-resistant prostatic cancer. A pilot study. AB - Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) (1,000 mg daily per os) yielded (mainly subjective) remissions in 8 of 21 patients with hormone-resistant cancer of the prostate. In 24 comparable patients, treated with prednisolone (20 mg daily per os) 3 remissions were observed, indicating a slight superiority of high-dose MPA considering the response rate. The response duration for both drugs was relatively short (2-7 months). No survival benefit for either drug was observed. In patients with hormone-resistant cancer of the prostate, a significant improvement of the performance status should be registrated as subjective response. This is a major aim of any treatment in these patients. Normalization of serum acid phosphatase may also be considered as remission. The type of remission (greater than 50% reduction of measurable tumor lesions, reduction of serum acid phosphatase, subjective remission) should always be indicated in the individual report dealing with phase II/phase III studies in patients with hormone-resistant prostatic cancer. PMID- 3157572 TI - Renal artery stenosis in transplanted kidney: management and results in six patients. AB - Severe hypertension and a decrease of renal function, with or without oliguria, suggest renal artery stenosis in the transplanted kidney. 6 renal artery stenoses were observed in 100 transplanted kidneys followed up for more than 3 months. In 4 patients, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed. 1 patient required a new percutaneous transluminal angioplasty 3 months later and a 2nd patient was submitted to surgery after 14 months. Surgery was performed in 2 more cases, with failure in 1. It seems that the endoarteric lesion during cold perfusion could be the main etiopathological factor, when associated with rejection episodes. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is the treatment of choice in the management of renal artery stenosis in transplanted kidneys. Surgery must be reserved when it fails. PMID- 3157574 TI - Generation of T cell growth factor (TCGF)- dependent splenic lymphoid cell line with cell-mediated immunosuppressive reactivity against syngeneic murine tumor. AB - Splenic T cells obtained from tumor-bearing mice could be cultured with T cell growth factor (TCGF) for over 12 months. The TCGF-dependent lymphoid cell line strongly inhibited cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity directed against syngeneic tumor. However, the suppression was non-specific for the given tumor. The cell line expanded with TCGF expressed a phenotypic characterization of T cells defined by monoclonal anti-Thy-1.2 antibody. PMID- 3157573 TI - High-dose medroxyprogesterone in the treatment of advanced therapy-resistant prostatic carcinoma. AB - In a preliminary study we have administered medroxyprogesterone acetate to 20 patients with advanced metastatic prostatic cancer, who no longer responded to previous therapy. The dose used was 1,000 mg intramuscularly three times a week for 5 weeks, followed by 1,000 mg weekly until progression. All patients had undergone orchidectomy or had been treated with estrogens. 15 patients also had received estramustine, and another 3 patients, chemotherapy. A partial response occurred in 4 patients for periods of up to 18 months, and stable disease was seen in 2 patients. 7 more patients reported subjective response lasting less than 2 months. The disease progressed in the remaining 7 patients. Adverse reactions were tolerable. Our results are promising and indicate that medroxyprogesterone in high doses may have an effect in therapy-resistant cases of prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 3157575 TI - Special education and regular education: a merger made in heaven? PMID- 3157576 TI - High incidence of multisystemic reactions to zimeldine. AB - Forty-five patients suffering from a major depression were administered zimeldine, amitriptyline or placebo (15 patients in each group) in a double-blind controlled study. In the zimeldine group, seven of the 14 patients treated for more than one week presented a toxic syndrome consisting in a severe prostration, fever, myalgias and arthralgias. In all patients presenting this syndrome, laboratory analyses revealed an elevation of alkaline phosphatase and of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and a decrease in white blood cell and platelet counts. Three patients presented a mild proteinuria and hematuria. Although an immunological mechanism cannot be ruled out, several characteristics of this reaction suggest the formation of a metabolite of zimeldine with direct cellular toxicity. The relatively high starting dose of 200 mg/day of zimeldine administered in the present study and the increment to 300 mg/day after only seven days might have contributed to the high incidence of toxic reactions observed. PMID- 3157578 TI - Polyclonal activation of the murine immune system by an antibody to IgD. VI. Influence of doses of goat anti-mouse delta chain and normal goat IgG on B lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. AB - The injection of mice with 800 micrograms of an affinity-purified goat antibody to mouse IgD (GaM delta) induces early, T-independent polyclonal increases in the expression of B cell surface Ia, and B cell size and DNA synthesis, as well as later, T-dependent polyclonal increases in spleen cell number and Ig secretion. We have now studied the effects of varying the doses of injected GaM delta on all phases of B cell activation, as well as the effects of supplementing GaM delta with varying quantities of normal goat IgG (GIgG). We have found that while 12.5 micrograms of GaM delta modulates most of the IgD from the surface of splenic B lymphocytes, it fails to activate these cells. Increases in the expression of B cell surface Ia are first seen when 50 micrograms of GaM delta is injected, while increases in B cell DNA synthesis usually require the injection of 200 micrograms of GaM delta and peak with doses of approximately 800 micrograms. Increases in splenic B cell number and DNA synthesis during the T-dependent phase of GaM delta induced B cell activation are seen only in those mice that were injected with sufficient quantities of GaM delta to induce DNA synthesis during the T independent phase. Supplementing the dose of GaM delta injected with additional GIgG has no significant effect on B cell DNA synthesis or B cell number but dramatically increases polyclonal IgG1 secretion. Although mice which have been injected with 50 micrograms of GaM delta or with 800 micrograms of GIgG alone have few polyclonal IgG1-secreting cells, substantial increases in the number of IgG1-secreting cells are seen in mice injected with 50 micrograms of GaM delta plus 750 micrograms of GIgG. GIgG and larger doses of GaM delta similarly act synergistically to increase polyclonal IgG1 secretion. In contrast to the induction of polyclonal IgG1 secretion, the stimulation of polyclonal IgM secretion requires the injection of mitogenic doses of GaM delta and is not enhanced by the injection of additional GIgG. These observations suggest that, in this model system, stimulatory signals that activate B cells through their surface Ig are limiting for the induction of polyclonal proliferation and IgM secretion, while the generation of T helper lymphokines that do not directly interact with B cells through their surface Ig may be more limiting for the stimulation of polyclonal IgG1 secretion. PMID- 3157577 TI - Treatment of essential hypertension: changes in blood pressure, echocardiography and electrocardiography on three therapeutic regimes. AB - Forty-three patients with essential hypertension were randomly allocated to one of the following treatment regimes; - atenolol, atenolol and hydralazine or methyl dopa. Blood pressure fell into the normal range at 3 months and was similar in all 3 groups. Blood pressure remained controlled over the period of study. M-mode echocardiography was assessed initially, at 3, 6 and 12 months. All groups showed a fall in the measured indices towards the normal range with a significant reduction in left ventricular wall thickness at 3 months in the methyl dopa group and left ventricular mass in the atenolol group alone of 6 months. In conclusion, no one treatment regime appeared to have sustained advantages over another and none of the groups showed any deterioration on echocardiographic criteria during the study. PMID- 3157579 TI - Recombinant interleukin 2 differentiates alloantigen-primed Lyt-2+ T cells into the activated cytotoxic state. AB - The possibility of the generation of secondary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (2 degrees CTL) activity from alloantigen primed T cells by genetically homogeneous recombinant human interleukin 2(G-IL2) was analyzed. Not only purified IL2 by cell culture (C-IL2) but also G-IL2 induced 2 degrees CTL activity from primed T cells generated in mixed lymphocyte culture. This induction process required RNA and protein synthesis, while DNA synthesis was not relevant. In parallel to the induction of 2 degrees CTL activity, transition of the primed cells from the resting G1a to activated G1b has taken place. 2 degrees CTL activity was induced from nylon column-purified primed T cells in the absence of accessory cells and also in the absence of Lyt-1+ T cells. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induction was detected during the course of activation of alloantigen-primed T cells into the cytotoxic state. When IL2 was absorbed, IFN-gamma in the culture supernatant did not induce 2 degrees CTL activity. These results suggest that the IL2 molecule possessing T cell growth factor properties shares the nature of differentiation factor in terms of the activation of alloantigen-primed T cells into cytoxic state. The role of IFN-gamma produced in situ for this activation process awaits further investigation. PMID- 3157580 TI - Immunosuppression by cell-free translation products from monoclonal antigen specific suppressor T cell mRNA. AB - Polypeptides synthesized in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system directed by mRNA from the T cell line LH8-105, obtained by radiation leukemia virus-induced transformation of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL)-specific suppressor T lymphocytes, are able, when injected into mice, to specifically suppress the antibody response and delayed-type hypersensitivity to HEL. The suppressive activity exerted by in vitro translated proteins appears to be independent from post-translational modifications. These in vitro translated polypeptides display fine antigenic specificity in immunosuppression and bind to HEL but not to the closely related ring-necked pheasant egg-white lysozyme immunosorbents. Suppressive molecules obtained by cell-free translation of LH8-105 mRNA or by culture supernatant of LH8-105 cells display, by gel filtration, a similar molecular mass of about 82-90 kDa. PMID- 3157581 TI - HLA-DR-4-associated alloreactivity of an HLA-DR-3-restricted human tetanus toxoid specific T cell clone: inhibition of both reactivities by an alloantiserum. AB - We present here the first report of a human helper/inducer T cell clone (F6) that specifically recognizes tetanus toxoid (TT) in the context of self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinant(s) (HLA-DR3), and in addition recognizes a specific but unrelated MHC determinant(s) in the absence of conventional antigen. Extensive subcloning insured that the cells were progeny of a single cell. Furthermore, removal of the cells proliferating to the alloantigen with bromodeoxyuridine and light removed cells responding to both TT plus self MHC and to the stimulating alloantigen, again indicating that F6 was the progeny of a single cell. The alloantigen recognized by this TT-specific clone appears to be closely linked to HLA-DR4 since cells from 13 of 14 HLA-DR4+ donors stimulated F6. An antiserum which recognizes HLA-DR4, when added to cultures, blocked the alloreactivity of F6, and in addition blocked its proliferation to TT plus HLA DR3. Absorption of this antiserum with HLA-DR4+ cells or with TT-pulsed HLA-DR3+ cells removed its capacity to inhibit the proliferation of F6. These results suggest that the antigen recognition unit on F6 is stimulated both by allodeterminants expressed on HLA-DR4 cells and by TT plus HLA-DR3. These moieties cross-react at the T cell recognition level as well as at the antibody level. PMID- 3157582 TI - Antigen processing by macrophages: definition of the ligand recognized by T inducer cells. AB - An interaction between antigen and macrophage-like cells which display I region gene products [antigen-presenting cells (APC)] is necessary for activation of inducer T cell clones. The specificity of inducer cell activation has been found to be major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted and antigen specific. This is thought to reflect formation of a ligand consisting of MHC class II gene products associated in some way with foreign protein. A panel of inducer T cell clones with different activation specificities and homogeneous lines of APC expressing different MHC haplotypes was used to define this ligand. We isolated a product formed after interaction between antigen and APC expressing defined MHC products. This ligand binds only to the T cell clones that are specifically activated by the same antigen and APC as judged by tritiated thymidine incorporation. The ligand is composed of two moieties: I-A determinants and the foreign protein ("antigen"). Coelution and sequential precipitation studies of the two moieties indicate that the nominal antigen and MHC product are tightly linked. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3157583 TI - Syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions to murine Fc receptor-bearing, nonadherent low density lymph node cells and epidermal Langerhans cells. AB - Both Langerhans cells from BALB/c mouse epidermis and nonadherent, low density (LD) cells, obtained from collagenase-treated minced lymph node, are stimulatory for isolated T cells in syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (SMLR). The method of preparation of LD cells influences whether Fc receptor (FcR) can be detected on them. Fc receptors on nonadherent LD lymph node cells can be detected only if the same procedure is employed as that for Langerhans cell isolation, i.e., Ig-free bovine albumin must be used during gradient centrifugation and EA rosetting must be done overnight at 4 degrees C. Thus, both FcR+ and FcR- LD lymph node cells, as well as FcR+ Langerhans cells, stimulate SMLR. Although Ig+ cells in the LD fraction also stimulate the SMLR, their removal does not affect the stimulating capacity of the LD lymph node fraction. PMID- 3157584 TI - Suppression induction in vivo by a T helper clone? AB - We have previously described a helper T cell clone which augments in vivo cytotoxic T cell responses when injected at 10(4) cells per mouse, but not at 10(5) per mouse (Crispe, I. N. et al., Immunology 1984. 52:55). To test whether this dose-response relationship was due to the induction of suppression, naive syngeneic mice were injected with 10(5) cloned T helper cells, and their spleen cells were subsequently assayed for suppressive activity in adoptive transfer experiments. Lymphocytes from such mice indeed suppressed an antigen-specific cytotoxic response, but only in the presence of the same T helper cell clone freshly added at the time of adoptive transfer. On this basis we argue that the distinction between T helper cell activity and T suppressor-inducer activity corresponds to differences in cell numbers, rather than to two separate cell lineages. PMID- 3157585 TI - Estradiol-induced increase of specific [3H]ketanserin binding sites on rat uterine membranes. AB - [3H]Ketanserin, a specific serotonin (5-HT) antagonist, was used to investigate whether 5-HT receptors increased in the uterine membranes of ovariectomized rats on administration of 17 beta-estradiol-3-benzoate (estradiol) and also to investigate the characteristics of specific [3H]ketanserin binding to the uterine membranes from estradiol-treated ovariectomized rat. Administration of estradiol significantly increased the amount of [3H]ketanserin specifically bound at equilibrium but did not change the apparent affinity of specific [3H]ketanserin binding. The specific [3H]ketanserin binding to estradiol-treated ovariectomized preparations was rapid and reversible. The Scatchard plots of the saturation curves of specific [3H]ketanserin binding to untreated and estradiol-treated ovariectomized preparations were convex. The apparent Ki values of various serotonergic agents deduced from displacements by these compounds of specific [3H]ketanserin binding to estradiol-treated ovariectomized preparations were two to four orders of magnitude smaller than those of adrenergic, dopaminergic and histaminergic agents. These results suggest that [3H]ketanserin binds mainly to 5 HT receptors in the uterine membranes of estradiol-treated ovariectomized rats. PMID- 3157586 TI - Effect of the dopamine D-1 antagonist SCH 23390 on rotational behaviour induced by apomorphine and pergolide in 6-hydroxy-dopamine denervated rats. AB - The experiments concerned the effects of the D-1 dopamine antagonist SCH 23390 on the rotational behaviour induced by apomorphine and pergolide in 6-hydroxy dopamine denervated rats. SCH 23390 dose dependently inhibited the rotational behaviour induced by apomorphine. A significant inhibitory effect was obtained after 0.05 mg/kg s.c. of SCH 23390, which involved a change of the typical two peak pattern of rotation induced by apomorphine. While the first peak of rotation was not significantly modified, the last peak of rotation induced by apomorphine was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. No significant inhibition of the total rotation induced by pergolide was observed after SCH 23390 pretreatment. SCH 23390 seemed to enhance the duration of the rotation induced by pergolide, resulting in an increase in the total number of turns. However, the intensity of the maximal peak of rotation induced by pergolide was significantly inhibited after 5.0 mg/kg s.c. of SCH 23390. Comparison of the potency with which SCH 23390 inhibited the apomorphine- and pergolide-induced maximal peaks of rotation reveals that SCH 23390 was approximately 100 times more potent in inhibiting the apomorphine than the pergolide response. The results, compared with those in our previous report, show that the D-2 dopamine antagonist sulpiride was 1000 times more potent in inhibiting the pergolide than the apomorphine rotation. The present results support the hypothesis that apomorphine and pergolide induce rotation in 6-hydroxy-dopamine denervated rats by differential actions on D-1 and D-2 receptor sites. PMID- 3157588 TI - Hemodynamic effects of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) in rats. AB - alpha-Human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) was infused in anesthetized Wistar rats, and its hemodynamic effects were investigated by measuring mean blood pressure (MBP), heart rate, cardiac index (CI), stroke volume index (SVI) and total peripheral resistance index (TPRI). alpha-hANP caused a reduction in MBP (approximately 20%) associated with decreases in CI and SVI but caused no change in TPRI. These results suggested that alpha-hANP may lower blood pressure mainly by decreasing cardiac output. PMID- 3157587 TI - Chronic haloperidol does not alter agonist affinity for dopamine receptors in vitro. AB - Agonist competition for [3H]spiperone binding to striatal dopamine D2 receptors was studied in rats rendered supersensitive by chronic treatment with haloperidol. The classical dopamine agonist (-)-N-n-propylnorapomorphine displaced [3H]spiperone biphasically, with IC50 values of 0.5 and 140 nM for the high and low affinity components, respectively. Neither the relative density nor the affinity of either site for (-)-N-propylnorapomorphine was affected by chronic haloperidol treatment. On the other hand, the novel agonist EMD 23 448 displaced [3H]spiperone monophasically. Although this agent only displays potent dopaminergic agonism in supersensitive animals, chronic treatment with haloperidol likewise did not alter the affinity of this drug for [3H]spiperone binding sites. The results suggest that the enhanced in vivo potency of certain agonists in supersensitive animals is probably not mediated by changes in D2 receptor affinity. PMID- 3157589 TI - Magnesium ions reveal nanomolar potency of dopamine at [3H]spiperone labelled D-2 receptors in rat corpus striatum. AB - Preparation and assay of rat striatal membranes in the presence of 10 mM magnesium ions resulted in an IC50 value constant for dopamine of 13 nM at D-2 dopamine receptors labelled by [3H]spiperone. Inclusion of 100 microM GTP under these conditions resulted in a 13 fold decrease in dopamine displacing potency. Displacing potencies for dopamine in the nanomolar range are associated with agonist-specific D-3 receptor binding and it is predicted that the component of D 2 binding with high agonist affinity may play a confounding role in many D-3 receptor studies. PMID- 3157590 TI - Effects of atriopeptins I, II and III on atrial contractility, sinus nodal rate (guinea pig) and agonist-induced tension in rabbit aortic strips. AB - The cardiovascular effects of atriopeptins (AP) I, II and III were compared in spontaneously beating or electrically stimulated guinea pig atria and in rabbit aortic strips precontracted by various agonists. Atriopeptins did not significantly affect sinus nodal rate or atrial contractility. AP II and III, although more potent than nitroprusside, exhibited similar vasorelaxant profiles against vascular strips maximally stimulated by norepinephrine, high [K+]0 or Ca2+ ionophore A23187. The ability of atriopeptins and nitroprusside to relax ionophore-induced vascular tension implies an intracellular mechanism of action. PMID- 3157591 TI - [Serodiagnosis of Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in mice and rats by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay]. AB - Murine antibody against Mycoplasma pulmonis (Mp) was detected sensitively and specifically in experimentally and naturally infected animals by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using urease conjugated antimurine immunoglobulin. More than 98% of the experimentally infected mice and rats exhibited positive reaction in the ELISA two or more weeks after infection, and the titer remained for a prolonged period (up to one year) after infection. However, we failed to detect antibody in the sera of one-week-postinfected animals. Mice and rats from breeding colonies were tested with the ELISA and compared with isolation of Mp from the respiratory organs. Positive reactions were shown in the ELISA using the sera from 91% of the mice and 98% of the rats from which the organisms were isolated. Conversely, 97% of the mice and 78% of the rats among Mp-free animals showed negative results in the ELISA. The sensitivity and specificity of the complement fixation test, which has been used widely for serodiagnosis of Mp infection, were apparently lower compared to those of the ELISA. From these results, the ELISA was found to be available for the serodiagnosis of Mp infection in mice and rats. PMID- 3157592 TI - [Development of a photoperiod-controllable clean rack for rats: circadian rhythms of water intake and blood corticosterone levels]. AB - We have experimentally developed a photoperiod-controllable clean rack for SPF rats. The effectiveness of this clean rack in preventing the infection was attested to by the fact that the SPF rats and nude mice housed in this rack maintained SPF conditions after six months. And we investigated circadian rhythms of water intake and blood corticosterone levels in rats kept in the rack under various lighting conditions. Both rat groups under diurnal and reversed lighting conditions manifested significant increase in both water and blood corticosterone levels, showing a reversed phase relationship of the circadian rhythms between the two groups. These facts indicate the usefulness of the rack newly developed in the studies on circadian rhythms, reproductive physiology and behavior. PMID- 3157594 TI - Insulin recovery in pancreas and host organs of islet grafts. AB - The method of insulin determination is a useful tool for detecting surviving beta cells in the pancreas of diabetic animals and in organs used as sites of islet graft. Therefore, we have studied the insulin recovery in tissue homogenates. The data show that a high recovery rate of insulin (more than 95%) was reached, when the phosphoric acid-alcoholic tissue extract was stored at -20 degrees C and diluted with RIA buffer immediately before radioimmunoassay. When acid-ethanol supernatants were neutralized the recovery rate was diminished to 73.4 +/- 4.0% in pancreas and to 61.0 +/- 6.2% in liver homogenates, respectively. Glucagon was degraded when diluted extracts were stored at -20 degrees C for different periods of time. The diabetogenic action of streptozotocin (STZ) could be demonstrated for doses ranging between 30 and 55 mg/kg body weight. STZ caused a dose dependent decrease of pancreatic insulin whereas the glucagon content was significantly enhanced in diabetic animals. The glucagon content was not normalized when normoglycemia was achieved by syngeneic islet transplantation. Insulin extracted from spleen used as a site for transplantation of 900 neonatal rat islets showed a high biological variation ranging from 0.7 to 6.4 nmol insulin per spleen, 10-100% of the content of the equivalent number of freshly isolated islets these animals received. PMID- 3157595 TI - Low dose streptozotocin induced diabetes in mice. Metabolic, light microscopical, histochemical, immunofluorescence microscopical, electron microscopical and morphometrical findings. AB - The experimental animal model of human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, type I diabetes), which was for the first time described by Like and Rossini (1976) for Charles River CD-1 mice and produced by the application of multiple subdiabetogenic streptozotocin (SZ) doses, has been reproduced in the mouse strain C57 Bl/KsJ which has been bred over several generations at the Central Institute for Diabetes Karlsburg (since 1975). Male mice were given subdiabetogenic intraperitoneal injections of SZ (40 mg/kg b.w.) on five days running.--The simultaneously performed metabolic, light and electron microscopical, histochemical, fluorescence microscopical, and morphometric examinations show that the small doses of SZ lead to a metabolic disturbance in the islets of Langerhans already on the third day of the experiment (after the first two SZ injections) which is associated with a high-degree reduction or an interruption of the insulin production. Subsequently, on the 8th day (three days after the last SZ injection) up to the 20th day an insulitis occurs which is characterized by a target cell reaction of lymphocytes against the beta cells and leads to the lysis of the majority of the beta cells. In the course and after the insulitis, a persisting insulin deficiency diabetes develops with lacking signs of an attempt to replace the perished beta cells. For the time being, the nature of this target beta cell destruction by lymphocytes remains unclear. According to the enzyme-histochemical and electron microscopical results, the involved lymphocytes are natural killer cells (NK cells) rather than T cells. The release of the target cell reaction is obviously effected by the initial metabolic disturbances in the beta cells intervening in the insulin synthesis. Virus bodies do not play any role in this process. The importance of this animal model to human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is discussed. PMID- 3157596 TI - Action of single dynamic fusimotor neurones on cat soleus Ia afferents during muscle shortening. AB - The ability of single dynamic fusimotor (gamma d) fibres to sustain the firing of muscle spindle primary (Ia) afferents during shortening was investigated in soleus muscles of anaesthetised cats. Of 11 gamma d fibres, 10 could maintain Ia firing during 10 mm/s shortening. Of the 7 tested at greater velocities, 5 could maintain Ia firing during shortening at velocities greater than 50 mm/s. This ability was, however, critically dependent upon the timing of the stimulation. In particular, it rapidly reduced with increasing duration of stimulation before the onset of shortening. Furthermore, if appreciable stretch occurred between the onset of gamma d stimulation and the onset of shortening, this could greatly reduce the ability of gamma d fibres to sustain Ia discharge. If gamma d neurones are on occasion phasically activated during voluntary shortening movements, their action could be an important determinant of Ia firing, even in the presence of weak gamma s action. Therefore in chronic recordings, observation of Ia firing during muscle shortening is not an adequate criterion for inferring gamma d activity. PMID- 3157593 TI - Daily glucose and insulin rhythms in diabetic dogs on the artificial beta cell. AB - The circadian periods of plasma glucose, insulin and alpha-amino nitrogen (alpha AN) were studied in fed and fasting normal and diabetic dogs which were fed either beef or beef supplemented with carbohydrates (CH). The diabetics were either withdrawn from insulin supply or treated with an artificial beta cell (ABC) or infused a constant insulin dose (CI).--There was a significant daily glucose rhythm in normal fasting animals and in fasting diabetics on CI or on insulin withdrawal. In the fed controls, the phase of the rhythms depends on carbohydrate content of food. In CH-free fed controls the insulin maxima were related to alpha-AN but in CH-fed controls they were related to glycemia. Due to the mechanism of ABC-provided insulin dosage, the phases of glucose and of insulin oscillations were correlated in all diabetics on ABC. Thus even if the mean glucose level is normalized by ABC the intrinsic phase relations remain altered.--It is concluded that the daily glucose periodicity is based on endogenous rhythms in glucose production and utilization and is essentially independent of current insulin provision. But it is governed by the meals as main "Zeitgebers" and modified by the actual insulin supply. PMID- 3157597 TI - Chromatofocusing coupled with automated assay for beta-hexosaminidase isoenzymes in GM2 gangliosidosis. AB - Good separations of the two major beta-hexosaminidase forms from human leukocytes were achieved by chromatofocusing, a technique which separates proteins on the basis of their isoelectric points. The use of an automated and reliable method is described for the identification of homozygotes and carriers of the GM2 gangliosidosis. PMID- 3157599 TI - Distinct structural requirements of Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase as evidenced by synthetic peptide substrates. AB - Protein kinase C, purified to near homogeneity from the brain, has been tested toward a variety of synthetic peptide substrates including different phosphorylatable residues. While it proved totally inactive toward the tyrosyl peptide Asp-Ala-Glu-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Arg-Arg-Arg-Gly, as well as toward several more or less acidic seryl peptides, it phosphorylates with a Ca2+/phospholipid dependent mechanism, at seryl and/or threonyl residues, many basic peptides, some of which are also good substrates for cAMP-dependent protein kinase (A-kinase). Among the peptides tested, however, the best substrate for protein kinase C, with kinetic constants comparable to those of histones, is the nonapeptide Gly-Ser Arg6-Tyr, which is not a substrate for A-kinase. Moreover, although the peptide Pro-Arg5-Ser-Ser-Arg-Pro-Val-Arg is a good substrate for both kinases, its derivative with ornitines replacing arginines is phosphorylated only by protein kinase C. Some typical substrates of A-kinase on the other hand, like the peptides Phe-Arg2-Leu-Ser-Ile-Ser-Thr-Glu-Ser and Arg2-Ala-Ser-Val-Ala, are phosphorylated by protein kinase C rather slowly and with unfavourable kinetic constants. It is concluded that, while both protein kinase C and A-kinase need basic groups close to the phosphorylatable residues, their primary structure determinants are quite distinct. PMID- 3157598 TI - Quantification of picogram levels of specific DNA immobilized in microtiter wells. AB - A non-radioisotopic and sensitive method for quantification of specific DNA immobilized in microtiter wells has been developed. This method is based upon the immobilization of DNA in microtiter wells and hybridization with biotinylated DNA probe which is followed by complexing with avidin-beta-galactosidase. By measuring fluorescence emitted from the hydrolyzed product by beta-galactosidase of 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactoside, it has become possible to quantify a few picograms of specific DNA in DNA samples immobilized in plastic microtiter wells. PMID- 3157600 TI - The use of carotenoids and oxonol VI as probes for membrane potential in proteoliposomes. AB - Carotenoids present in lipids extracted from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6716 indicate trans-membrane potential in proteoliposomes reconstituted from these lipids and the ATPase complex isolated from the same organism. A carotenoid absorbance band shift to a longer wavelength is obtained with valinomycin-induced potassium ion diffusion potentials, irrespective of the polarity of the potassium gradient. In contrast to this, the (externally added) probe oxonol VI only shows an absorbance band shift when the external potassium ion concentration is higher than the internal one. In liposomes without ATPase complex, no carotenoid absorbance band shifts were observed. PMID- 3157601 TI - Preliminary report of a pilot study of photoradiation therapy for the treatment of superficial malignancies of the skin, head and neck. AB - Within the past few years photoradiation therapy has emerged as a promising new treatment for many forms of localized malignant disease and a number of clinical trials are now in progress. The pilot study described in this paper is the first clinical trial of photoradiation therapy to be carried out in Great Britain. Although it is not possible to draw significant conclusions from the results obtained, it has been shown that all the tumours responded to treatment and in four patients who had tumours which were suitable for photoradiation therapy, complete tumour regression was obtained. Further trials are in progress and others are planned in a number of centres. PMID- 3157602 TI - Idiotypic network regulations of immune responses to HLA. AB - The development of antiidiotypic autoimmunity with respect to HLA alloantigens provides an attractive explanation for the phenomenon of maternal tolerance to the fetus and for the tandem selection of two antagonistic traits, major histocompatibility complex polymorphism and alloreactivity. We have demonstrated that both T and B lymphocyte responses to allogeneic HLA antigens are subjected to feedback regulation by autologous antiidiotypic immunity. Idiotypic receptors for the alloantigen expressed by T lymphocytes induce antiidiotypic antibodies that are readily detectable in serum during pregnancy, and antiidiotypic T cells that can be revealed in the autologous mixed lymphocyte culture system. Such antiidiotypic T cells and antibodies inhibit specifically the alloimmune function of autologous T cell lines. Similarly, antiidiotypic antibodies (Ab2) to HLA antibody molecules (Ab1) block the binding of the latter to the immunizing HLA antigen. The prevalence of Ab2 over Ab1 during pregnancy may explain the maternal tolerance to the fetus. PMID- 3157603 TI - Reversibility of female sterilization. PMID- 3157604 TI - Ultrasonic preovulatory follicular appearances as an indicator of the outcome of an in vitro fertilization cycle. AB - Twenty-four consecutive patients in an in vitro fertilization program were scanned within 1 hour of laparoscopic follicular aspiration. Twelve patients had follicles with intrafollicular echoes (group 1), and 12 patients had follicles with no changes (group 2). All women in group 1, but only four in group 2, had mature oocytes that after fertilization had cleavage rates compatible with pregnancy. Six clinical pregnancies occurred in group 1, and none occurred in group 2. The presence of intrafollicular echoes may indicate follicular maturation and may be a useful predictor of a cycle likely to produce a pregnancy. PMID- 3157605 TI - Ultrasonographic assessment of Graafian follicle growth under monofollicular and multifollicular conditions in clomiphene citrate-stimulated cycles. AB - Growth of the dominant follicle was assessed by means of real-time sector scanning in 52 clomiphene citrate-stimulated cycles in 44 patients awaiting laparoscopic oocyte recovery for in vitro fertilization purposes. Follicular growth profiles under both monofollicular and multifollicular conditions were compared with each other and with a reference growth curve derived from 26 ovulatory cycles in 25 spontaneously cycling women. In the clomiphene-stimulated cycles, growth of the dominant follicle under both monofollicular and multifollicular conditions was significantly faster (P less than 0.01) than in the reference group. There was no significant difference in follicular growth between monofollicular and multifollicular clomiphene-stimulated cycles. PMID- 3157606 TI - Inhibition of fertilization in the rabbit long after injection of Depo-Provera. AB - Mature female rabbits were given subcutaneous injections of 20 or 50 mg Depo Provera (Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI) (medroxyprogesterone acetate). Ovulation by mating was inhibited for 40 to 65 days. Although ovulation could be induced by injection of human chorionic gonadotropin, fertilization of eggs failed in all females 15 to 83 days after treatment. When treated and untreated females were inseminated with a definite number of spermatozoa and given human chorionic gonadotropin, fertilized eggs and spermatozoa were found in the oviducts of untreated, but not in the treated, females. Although spermatozoa were found in the uterine horns of treated rabbits, the number was much lower than in the untreated females. It is concluded that long after injection of Depo-Provera, not only was ovulation inhibited, but also fertilization, due to the suppression of sperm transport in the female tracts. The effects of progestins on various aspects of animal reproduction are discussed, stressing the effectiveness and efficiency of their contraception. PMID- 3157607 TI - Development of multiple ovarian follicles for in vitro fertilization in a patient with an undiagnosed ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 3157608 TI - A simple technique of ovarian suspension in preparation for in vitro fertilization. AB - Because laparoscopic ovum harvest for IVF is becoming more common, efforts must be made at the time of prior infertility surgery to render the ovaries accessible for ovum recovery. In this report, a simple technique of ovarian suspension in preparation for eventual IVF is described. Seventeen infertile patients undergoing lysis of adhesions underwent ovarian suspension by plication of the suspensory ligament of the ovary with a running suture of 3-0 Prolene, thus apposing the proximal pole of the ovary to the anterior-lateral surface of the uterus. Because the fallopian tube is independent of the sutured structures, the tubal anatomy was undisturbed. Fourteen of these 17 patients have since undergone laparoscopy during IVF. In 12 cases, despite the recurrence of adhesions, the ovaries were accessible for ovum recovery from all aspects. Two patients conceived normally after the lysis of adhesions. This simplified ovarian suspension represents an effective technique for facilitating ovum recovery for IVF which may not disturb fallopian tube ovum pickup or transport mechanisms. PMID- 3157609 TI - Plasma immunoreactive beta-endorphin and cortisol in the newborn infant after elective caesarean section and after spontaneous labour. AB - The effect of the mode of delivery on the plasma concentration of immunoreactive beta-endorphin (irbeta-E) and cortisol was studied in 27 newborn infants, 10 delivered by caesarean section and 17 by spontaneous vaginal labour. After elective caesarean section, the mean plasma concentration of cortisol rose from 227 +/- 27 nmol/l (S.E.) at birth to 705 +/- 90 nmol/l at the age of 2 h, indicating a significant increase in cortisol secretion, and the mean irbeta-E remained high, being 111 +/- 24 ng/l at birth and 117 +/- 21 ng/l at the age of 2 h. After spontaneous labour, the plasma cortisol level was already high at birth, 735 +/- 78 nmol/l, and remained so to the age of 2 h, 659 +/- 43 nmol/l, whereas the plasma irbeta-E decreased from 181 +/- 29 at birth to 64 +/- 7 ng/l at the age of 2 h. All newborns were in a good condition except one in whom transitory tachypnea developed during the follow-up. In this newborn the plasma level of irbeta-E increased greatly: from 210 ng/l to 705 ng/l. These results show that, irrespective of the route, the delivery is stressfull to the newborn infant. In newborns delivered by caesarean section the stress response comes after birth. Additional stress such as respiratory difficulties seems to increase the secretion of beta-endorphin. PMID- 3157610 TI - Lack of genotoxicity of the cancer chemopreventive agent N-(4 hydroxyphenyl)retinamide. AB - As part of the preclinical drug safety evaluation of the cancer chemopreventive agent N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (HPR) in vitro and in vivo tests were conducted to assess its genotoxic activity. Negative findings from HPR testing were demonstrated in the Ames Salmonella/microsomal activation test, the L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay, and a rat bone marrow cytogenetics study. These data imply that HPR lacks the ability to induce point mutations or chromosomal aberrations, and is therefore not genotoxic. Limited testing of retinyl acetate in the Ames test, the L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay, and the primary rat hepatocyte/DNA repair assay yielded consistently negative results. These findings and previously published results concerning retinoid genotoxicity are discussed. PMID- 3157611 TI - [Ventral abdominal wall defects--antenatal diagnosis, course of pregnancy and post partum therapy]. AB - The article reports on antepartal sonographic diagnosis and the course and completion of 27 cases with ventral abdominal wall defects. There were 17 cases of omphalocele, 4 cases of gastroschisis and 6 cases of complex ventral abdominal wall defects with associated malformations. In 23 of the 26 women examined prenatally via sonography (89%), the diagnosis was ventral abdominal wall defect. In the 3 cases not diagnosed via sonography, there was one case of intrauterine foetal death. In another case, Potter's syndrome with anhydramnion was found besides a foetal abdominal wall defect, whereas the last unrecognised case had been subjected to sonographic examination outside the hospital only. In 13 out of 17 cases (77%) with omphalocele there were additional malformations. On the other hand, no further associated malformations were seen in the 4 patients with gastroschisis. Complex abdominal wall defects (in the sense of total abdominal wall aplasias or thoracoabdominal gastroschisis, etc.) with multiple associated malformations occurred in the remaining 6 cases. The most frequently seen associated malformations in children with omphalocele were neural tube defects and skeletal malformations (35% each), followed by cardiac and vascular malformations and malformations of the digestive tract. In those women examined in our clinic via sonography who had foetal abdominal wall defects, amniotic anomalies were seen (hydramnion 44%, oligohydramnion 13%). Chromosomal anomalies occurred in omphalocele with 35% incidence. The results obtained point to the necessity of conducting detailed and accurate sonographic examination if a foetal abdominal wall defect is discovered, in order to exclude or confirm further associated malformations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3157612 TI - [Patterns of Gd- allele distribution in ethnic groups of the Soviet Union]. AB - The rate and the spectrum of Gd- alleles have been determined in representative groups of schoolchildren and students from three populations (Russians, Ashkenazi Jews and Azerbaijhanians). The Gd- frequency is 0,36% in Russians (Kostroma region). 0.91% in Ashkenazi (Gomel region), these being 10.5% in Azerbaijhanians (Sheki region) and 3.6% for Kobi settlement of Apsheron region. G6PD-deficiency in Russians is represented by family forms, while in Ashkenazi it is II class alleles Kirovograd and Zhitomir and in Azerbaijhanians--a wide spectrum of II and III class alleles. Genetic factors involved in Gd- spectrum formation in these three populations are discussed. PMID- 3157613 TI - [Population and demographic study of the Turkmen Tekke]. AB - Genetical and demographic studies of typical rural population of Turkomen teke in Yangi-Kala village of the Ashkhabad region (about 5.000 inhabitants) were performed through the examination of a sample of 3528 persons. The population is characterised by intensive growth (mean number of children per one woman is 6.17), a high level of endogamy (the total coefficient of inbreeding being 0.010912), preserving the traditional marriage system (91.9 and 8.1% of intrageneric and intergeneric marriages, respectively). Migration does not significantly influence endogamy, because it takes place among kin families. PMID- 3157614 TI - [Nonrandom karyotype changes in human retinoblastomas]. AB - Cytogenetic analysis of 15 retinoblastomas developed in children having no constitutional chromosome 13 deletion has been carried out. In tumor cells, no deletion or loss of chromosome 13 was revealed. The specific marker chromosome i(6p) described in our previous publications has been found in 9 tumors. Besides, in two cases, trisomy of short arm of chromosome 6 was present. Other non-random changes (trisomy 1q, monosomy 16 and loss of one of the sex chromosomes) were not specific for retinoblastomas, because they were described in literature for some other tumors as well. The possible significance for genesis of retinoblastomas of dose multiplication of the genes located in the 6p is discussed. PMID- 3157615 TI - [Direct method of selecting LycA mutants of Escherichia coli K-12]. AB - Lambdoid phage form clear plaques and show reduced ability to establish immunity in LycA mutants of Escherichia coli. This study was undertaken to isolate new LycA mutants. For this purpose, a selective method for isolation of LycA mutants was developed. Two groups of LycA mutants have been isolated and analyzed. It was shown that lysogenization with lambdoid phages may depend on the different bacterial genes. PMID- 3157616 TI - [Haptoglobin types among the population of western Kazakhstan and their relation to humoral factors of body resistance]. AB - Among 803 healthy persons examined, 20.4% of Russians and 18.1% of Kazakhs had Hp 1-1 phenotype, 50.0 and 49.3%, respectively, had Hp 2-1 and 29.6 and 32.6% had Hp 2-2 phenotype. The frequency of Hp1 and Hp2 genes is 0.455 and 0.429, 0.545 and 0.571 (p less than 0.05) for Russians and Kazakhs, respectively. The correlation is established between the haptoglobin type and the level of haemolysins. For example, the latter is greater in number in the organisms of persons possessing the Hp2 gene, especially, when in homozygotic state. PMID- 3157617 TI - [Patterns of Gd- allele distribution in Azerbaijan. IV. The incidence and polymorphism of erythrocytic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the settlement of Kobi, Apsheron District]. AB - The frequency and polymorphism of erythrocyte G6Pd deficiency were studied in schoolchildren of Koby settlement, Apsheron district (n = 469). The total frequency of Gd- alleles was 3.6%. Out of 10 hemizygotes found 9 had Gd- alleles of the III class and 1 had Gd- allele of the II class. The mutant enzyme was isolated from 10 ml venous blood samples and studied according to WHO program. Three different mutant forms of G6PD were found, neither of them having been earlier described. One of these alleles was common for the population studied (n = 6). PMID- 3157619 TI - [Basic hygienic requirements for using purified sewage water in the cooling systems of industrial plants]. PMID- 3157620 TI - [Effect of various factors of communal living on the incidence of dysentery]. PMID- 3157618 TI - [Mathematical modeling of the dynamics of the intensity of the mutation process. II. Dynamic evaluation of the frequencies of hereditary pathology]. AB - Mathematical models were devised to evaluate the dynamics of hereditary pathology frequencies, based on registration of spontaneous abortions, congenital malformations and Down disease in the city of Angarsk during 12 years. The models provide an opportunity to detect the fact of the presence or absence of temporary tendencies. The average frequency of spontaneous abortions and units of hereditary pathology have not been changed for 12 years, the frequency of Down disease being decreased, while congenital malformations seem to change with certain periodicity. In cases of insufficient sample sizes, the prolongation of observation for a period of several years does not facilitate the task of construction of models which could adequately describe multifactor-conditioned processes. PMID- 3157621 TI - [Legal basis for using administrative sanctions by authorities of sanitary epidemiological institutions]. PMID- 3157622 TI - [Elaboration of a model of maximum permissible levels of emissions for chemical industrial plants]. PMID- 3157624 TI - [Substantiation of maximum permissible exposure level for active indigo carmine 5 CX in reservoir water]. PMID- 3157625 TI - [Working conditions and physical work capacity of adolescent machine operators during the corn harvest in hot climate]. PMID- 3157623 TI - [Toxicity of zinc sulfide and selenate and working conditions in their processing]. PMID- 3157626 TI - [Posture of preparatory-level preschool children and 6-year-old schoolchildren]. PMID- 3157627 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of dust factors during the handling of raw materials in the copper-processing industry]. PMID- 3157628 TI - [Morbidity with temporary disability in the production of bulk yarns of polyacrylonitrile fiber]. PMID- 3157629 TI - [Film-forming solution of polyvinyl alcohol for protection of the skin of workers in the fiber glass industry]. PMID- 3157631 TI - [Therapy of an acute spondylogenic pain syndrome in general practice. A double blind comparison with piroxicam]. PMID- 3157630 TI - [Experience with bacteriophage therapy in nonspecific suppurative lung diseases]. PMID- 3157632 TI - [Left ventricular ejection dynamics in apical hypertrophy, a form of hypertrophic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy]. AB - The left ventricular (LV) cineangiograms of ten patients with apical hypertrophy (AH, group I) as a form of hypertrophic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy (HNCM) were analyzed. The left ventricular ejection dynamics, the extent and pattern of left ventricular contraction were compared with eight patients with secondary myocardial hypertrophy due to arterial hypertension (group II) and eight normal subjects (group III). End-diastolic, end-systolic and stroke volumes were significantly lower in group I. The analysis of left ventricular ejection dynamics with frame-by-frame-analysis revealed the typical ejection pattern of hypertrophic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy: Left ventricular ejection was completed within two thirds of the systolic ejection period. This ejection pattern is of diagnostic value when compared with the dynamics in group II. Although the apical segment in group I shows a good fiber shortening, the overall contribution to systolic performance is low; systolic function in apical hypertrophy is maintained by a compensatory increase in regional wall motion of the basal and midzonal part of the left ventricular free wall. There is no striking difference between apical hypertrophy with and without giant negative T waves with respect to the ejection pattern. Within these subgroups, the only difference was the greater left ventricular mass in patients with giant T wave inversion. Thus, the ejection dynamics in apical hypertrophy is typical of hypertrophic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy. Global parameters of systolic left ventricular performance revealed supernormal values even though systolic function is impaired. Segmental analysis of ejection phase was most sensitive in establishing the diagnosis. PMID- 3157633 TI - Effect of pregnancy upon the activity of protein kinases A and C in rat pancreatic islets. PMID- 3157634 TI - On causative theories in Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3157635 TI - The immunoarchitecture of cutaneous pseudolymphoma. AB - The immunoarchitecture of five cutaneous pseudolymphomas was studied by staining serial sections for T- and B-cell and dendritic reticulum cell (DRC) antigens with monoclonal antibodies, and compared with that of reactive lymph nodes and cutaneous lymphoma. In four cases compartmentalization of B and T cells was observed, analogous to findings in reactive lymph nodes. In two of these cases the immunoarchitectural features were strikingly similar to those of reactive lymph nodes. Both had distinct follicles with germinal centers, and in one distinct mantle zone formation was seen. B cells in the follicles were polyclonal, with kappa chain predominance. The germinal centers showed the expected intercellular and/or dendritic pattern of immunoglobulin heavy chain, B2, and DRC-antigen expression. T cells admixed in the germinal centers were overwhelmingly of the T-helper type. The B-cell compartments in the other two cases showed some subtle immunologic evidence of aberrance, but the weight of evidence suggested reactive/aberrant rather than malignant processes. The T-cell compartments in all four cases showed a predominance of T-helper and a minority of T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells. All contrasted with the lymphomas, which showed B-cell monoclonality, markedly deranged T-subset proportions, or novel T-cell phenotypes. Although the main focus of this study was cases involving substantial populations of both B and T cells, preliminary observations were made in one case in which a predominance of T cells and prominent epidermotropism simulated mycosis fungoides. Quantitative ultrastructural analysis in this case suggested a reactive T-cell process. Leu-6-positive Langerhans cells were increased in the epidermis and dermis in all five cases, and in the dermis they were found almost exclusively in T-cell compartments. It is proposed that this distribution is the anatomic correlate to the known functional role of Langerhans cells in antigen processing/presentation and T-cell activation. In the cutaneous "lymph node equivalent," Langerhans cells are analogous to interdigitating reticulum cells of reactive lymph nodes in distribution and, probably, in function. The DRC found in the germinal centers in two cases were probably antigenically identical and functionally analogous to those in germinal centers of reactive lymph nodes. Immunologic phenotyping of serial cutaneous sections may aid in distinguishing reactive from neoplastic lymphoid lesions. Immunoarchitectural analysis promises to be a powerful tool for the study of lymphoproliferative disease. PMID- 3157636 TI - Red cell enzyme types in rheumatic diseases. AB - We studied the frequencies of red cell enzyme types, AcP, PGM1 and EsD in 213 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatic heart disease (RHD), scleroderma (Scl) and psoriatic arthropathy (PsA). The differences in frequency of AcP phenotypes between RA, Scl, and PsA and the Moscow population were significant. In PsA the PGM1 phenotype 1-1 frequency was significantly decreased, while the phenotype 2-1 frequency was significantly increased. PMID- 3157637 TI - Transferrin C subtypes and occupational photodermatosis of the face. AB - In a factory in northern Sweden where 120 workers were uniformly exposed to photoactive substances 73 developed occupational facial eczema while 47 showed no reaction. The workers were examined with respect to 16 genetic marker systems: HLA, blood groups (ABO, Rh, MNSs, P, K, Le and Fy) and serum groups (Hp, Tf, Gc, Pi, Bf, C3, C4 and C6). Between reactors and nonreactors the following differences were found: (1) a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) of HLA A11 among the reactors; (2) a significant increase (p less than 0.05) of the C3 FS type among the reactors; (3) a highly significant increase (p less than 0.001) of the transferrin C2 gene and of the C2 variant among the reactors. The association with Tf C2 remained significant also after correction for number of significance tests. Since transferrin (iron) is known to catalyze the formation of hydroxyl radicals we hypothesize that the Tf C2 variant is more efficient in promoting radical formation and thereby cell damage. Other results supporting the notion that transferrin C2 may be associated with an increased susceptibility to toxic damage are discussed. PMID- 3157638 TI - Phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) subtypes in a Finnish population determined by isoelectric focusing in agarose gel. AB - The red cell enzyme phosphoglucomutase first locus (PGM1) phenotypes of 639 adult Finns were determined by isoelectric focusing in agarose gel. All the ten commonly occurring phenotypes were detected and the frequencies of the four alleles at the PGM1 locus were as follows: PGMa11 = 0.5313, PGMa21 = 0.1800, PGMa31 = 0.2199 and PGMa41 = 0.0689. The PGM1 phenotypes of 221 mothers with 228 offspring were in accordance with autosomal codominant inheritance. PMID- 3157639 TI - Skin cancer: risk to individuals using the tumour promoter benzoyl peroxide for acne treatment. PMID- 3157640 TI - Analyses of H-2 restriction specificity of helper T cells in fully allogeneic bone marrow chimera in mice. AB - Using irradiation bone marrow chimeras to analyze restriction specificity of helper T cells, we found that recipient H-2 type dictated the H-2 type which the T cells recognize as self (adaptive differentiation). T cells from (H-2b----H-2k) chimeras cooperate with non-T cells bearing Iak to generate a vigorous PFC response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) in vitro, but not with genetically identical H-2b cells. However, when T cells from the chimeras and H-2b non-T cells were adoptively transferred into irradiated (donor X recipient) F1 mice with SRBC, marked responses were seen in recipient spleens where radio-resistant F1 macrophages might exist and act as antigen presenting cells (APC). From these in vitro and in vivo observations, we considered that in the primary antibody response to a T dependent antigen such as SRBC, only T cell-macrophage (APC) matching is required. In contrast, when T cells from H-2 incompatible chimeras which had been primed with SRBC in vivo were analyzed in vitro, these cells cooperated also with H-2b non-T cells. These findings indicate that there may be two separate stages of T cell differentiation during which the self restriction specificity is acquired: one appears to be responsive to intrathymic influences and is not associated with antigenic stimuli, and the other shows signs of being responsive to post-thymic stimuli and of involving antigenic presentation. Moreover, the latter appears to utilize the influence of donor type macrophages. PMID- 3157641 TI - Analyses of Ia restriction specificity of helper T cells in H-2 subregion compatible bone marrow chimera in mice. AB - Using irradiation bone marrow chimeras which had partial compatibility in H-2 subregions between donor and recipient mice, we found that H-2I matching was sufficient for the chimeras to generate anti-sheep erythrocyte plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses. In such chimeras, T cells appeared to encounter appropriate partner cells bearing the same Ia antigens as those which they had learned to recognize as self in the recipient micro-environment. Furthermore, the PFC number seen in I-A compatible chimeras was only about half of that seen in I-A, I-E compatible chimeras, suggesting the existence of two independent subpopulations of helper T cells. When incompatibility of donor and recipient mice existed on the left side of the H-2I region, the responses were very weak. However, even in such chimeras, marked responses were observed for both IgM and IgG type PFC following a sufficient period after immunization. This observation appears to indicate the existence of a minor subpopulation of helper T cells which can expand and interact effectively with antigen presenting cells of donor type. PMID- 3157642 TI - Plaque-forming cell capability in the senescent. AB - The number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) developed in pokeweed mitogen (PWM) activated unfractionated or T/B separated, 4:1 reconstituted cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with well-characterized subpopulations obtained from healthy, aged subjects was compared to that of young blood donors. The absolute number of PBL in the aged was reduced by 36%, and the percentage of sheep erythrocyte-rosette-forming cells (E-RFC) by 27%, compared to the percentage obtained in young donors. The IgM-, IgG- and IgA-immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion was monitored with a protein A PFC assay. The number of PFC in PBL cultures of the aged was 58% of the number found in cultures of the young controls. The number of PFC generated in cultures of autologous irradiated T and untreated B cells showed a 104% increase in the aged whereas a 63% increase was obtained using cells from young individuals. Co-cultures of young B cells with untreated or irradiated young or aged T cells showed a significant rise in the PFC response in cultures with irradiated aged T cells, while an equal number of PFC was generated in cultures of young B cells with young or aged untreated T cells. Our results demonstrate a decreased number of PBL, especially T cells, an impaired B cell function and a pronounced enhancement of the PFC response in cultures of irradiated aged T cells and young or aged B cells, whereas the T helper function of untreated cells was found to be normal. The influence of monocytes on the PFC response did not differ in the two groups. PMID- 3157644 TI - In vitro study of Fc-receptor function in autoimmune diseases. AB - A simple test for studying in vitro Fc-receptor function of mononuclear phagocytes is described. Immune phagocytosis is analyzed as a dynamic phenomenon by using nearly pure suspensions of monocytes incubated for diverse times with autologous erythrocytes sensitized with highly purified IgG. In a series of normal volunteers and patients with vasculitis a strict correlation has been found between this in vitro assay and the measure of splenic clearance of IgG coated red blood cells (RBC), the classical approach for studying in vivo macrophage Fc-receptor function by using sodium chromate 51Cr as tag. The use of this in vitro assay appears to be valuable mainly in cases requiring repeated measurements of Fc-receptor function for monitoring the course of disease or the effects of therapy. PMID- 3157643 TI - Monocyte suppressor function in burns: T cell-monocyte interaction in mediating suppression. AB - Reduced in vitro T cell mitogen-induced transformation, low proportion of T cells and increased proportion of non-T cells were found in blood mononuclear cells of patients with severe burns 3-12 days after the injury. High spontaneous proliferation of non-T cells was observed and could be related mainly to the B cell fraction. Monocytes mediated suppression of mitogen-stimulated T cell proliferation. We further studied the role of monocytes in the enhanced suppressor activity of Con A-activated T cells and found that in this assay system, the patient's T cells mediated suppression in collaboration with monocytes. In vitro, increased suppressor function was probably the result of in vivo stimulation of inhibitory activity ascribed to both monocytes and T cells of patients. Addition of indomethacin to cell cultures markedly reduced suppression of lymphocyte proliferation. Less significant reduction was noted when the patient's T cells were activated in vitro by Con A. Adjuvant treatment of burn patients with indomethacin may play a role in alleviating suppression of immune response in these patients. PMID- 3157645 TI - Individual evolution of digestive tract colonization of holoxenic mice by Candida albicans. AB - Oral administration of various concentrations of Candida albicans to 6-day-old mice established colonization of the digestive tract without mortality. After being weaned (day 21), the development of colonization was studied in a group of mice by daily counting of the number of CFU contained in the feces of each animal. Two features concerning the development of colonization were noted. The course of colonization in individual mice was highly erratic and lead to either transitory or sometimes long-lasting colonization. These results show the importance of a dynamic study of colonization, a condition necessary for any experimental study. PMID- 3157647 TI - Neutrophil chemotactic responses induced by fresh and swollen Rhizopus oryzae spores and Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. AB - With the induction of germination, Rhizopus oryzae spores and Aspergillus fumigatus conidia activate the complement system and induce neutrophil chemotaxis. In contrast, freshly isolated R. oryzae spores did not induce neutrophil migration into lung tissue of mice after intranasal inoculation. Moreover, in microchemotaxis assays neither fresh R. oryzae spores nor A. fumigatus conidia activated sera to stimulate human neutrophil chemotaxis above control migration until at least 10(7) or 10(8) spores or conidia per ml of sera were used. The increased generation of chemotactic factors by swollen spores and conidia was not due to an increased surface area, as there was decreased neutrophil chemotactic response to Rhizopus or Aspergillus hyphae when compared with swollen spores or conidia. PMID- 3157646 TI - Effects of first-order Cryptococcus-specific T-suppressor cells on induction of cells responsible for delayed-type hypersensitivity. AB - Cell-mediated immunity is an important aspect of host resistance against Cryptococcus neoformans. Using a CBA/J murine model, we demonstrated that injection of cryptococcal antigen (CneF) at dosages sufficient to stimulate the antigenemia observed in cryptococcosis patients induces specific T-cell-mediated suppression of the cryptococcal delayed-type hypersensitivity response. The purpose of this study was to establish whether Lyt 1+, first-order T-suppressor (Ts1) cells block the induction of T cells responsible for delayed-type hypersensitivity (TDH cells) or whether they function by inducing Lyt 2+, efferent suppressor (Ts2) cells. In one set of experiments, suppression was observed when Ts1 cells were adoptively transferred to recipient animals the day before, the day of, or the day after immunization; however, when Ts1 cells were transferred after TDH cells were present, no suppression occurred. In other experiments, putative TDH cells from lymph nodes (LN) or spleens were adoptively transferred from mice after immunization or after a suppressive dose of CneF or adoptive transfer of Ts1 cells and immunization. Delayed-type hypersensitivity could not be transferred with LN or spleen cells from mice receiving the suppressive dose of CneF or the Ts1 cells, even when the LN or spleen cells were treated with anti-Lyt 2.1 antibody and complement to remove any Ts2 cells. Delayed-type hypersensitivity was readily transferred with LN or spleen cells from immunized mice whether the cells were or were not treated with anti-Lyt 2 and complement. Furthermore, the cells in the tolerized LN cell pools responsible for suppression of TDH cell induction were Lyt 1+ 2-, I-J+ cells, which is the phenotype of the Ts1 cells. Taken together, these data indicate that Ts1 cells inhibit the induction of TDH cells. This finding, coupled with the previous demonstration that Ts1 cells or a Ts1 cell-derived soluble factor (TsF1) induces Ts2 cells, establishes that the cryptococcal Ts1 cells are bifunctional in the suppressive pathway. PMID- 3157648 TI - Diffusion of target cell membrane proteins allows recognition of cryptic binding sites by Mycoplasma pulmonis hemagglutinin. AB - Previously, we showed that Mycoplasma pulmonis can agglutinate trypsin-treated but not untreated erythrocytes (RBCs). This suggested that cryptic RBC binding sites were blocked by glycophorin, which is anchored to the RBC cytoskeletal network. In this report we show that RBCs from ankyrin-deficient mice in which the linkage between glycophorin and cytoskeleton is disrupted are agglutinated by M. pulmonis without trypsin treatment. This result demonstrates that diffusion of glycophorin is sufficient to allow recognition of cryptic binding sites by M. pulmonis. It also suggests that diffusion of surface proteins away from the area of close contact may play an important role in M. pulmonis-host cell interactions. PMID- 3157649 TI - Sequential degradation of heparan sulfate in the subendothelial extracellular matrix by highly metastatic lymphoma cells. AB - A highly metastatic variant (ESb) of a methylcholanthrene-induced T lymphoma elaborates a heparan sulfate (HS) degrading endoglycosidase (heparanase) to a much higher extent than its non-metastatic parental subline (Eb). Whereas a serum free medium conditioned by either subline contained a trypsin-like serine protease, heparanase activity was detected only in the ESb-conditioned medium (CM). ESb CM was incubated with a naturally produced, sulfate-labelled subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM) or with a soluble, high-MW labelled proteoglycan first released from the ECM by incubation with Eb CM or with the partially purified ESb protease. Sulfate labelled degradation products were analyzed by gel filtration on Sephrose 6B. The optimal pH for degradation of ECM bound HS was 6.2 as compared to pH 5.2 for degradation of the soluble proteoglycan. Heparanase-mediated degradation of both ECM-bound and soluble HS was inhibited by heparin. Addition of either trypsin, plasmin or to a lower extent, the purified ESb protease, stimulated between 5- and 20-fold the ESb CM mediated degradation of ECM-bound HS but had no effect on heparanase-mediated degradation of the soluble proteoglycan. This stimulation was inhibited in the presence of heparin or protease inhibitors. These results indicate that both a protease and heparanase are involved in the ESb-mediated degradation of ECM-bound HS and that one enzyme produces a more accessible substrate for the next enzyme. This sequential cleavage is characteristic of degradation of a multimolecular structure such as the subendothelial ECM and hence cannot be detected in studies with its isolated constituents. PMID- 3157650 TI - Basic neurophysiology of motor skills in sport: a review. AB - The broad spectrum of skills in sport, with their high demands on strength, speed, endurance, coordination, and flexibility, represents one of the greatest challenges to human motor performances. However, the basic neurophysiological mechanisms in sport are not principally different from those in everyday motor acts. This review describes some of the relevant neurophysiological facts in a comprehensive frame, with emphasis on new findings and changes of traditional concepts. Going from simple to increasingly complex processes, the following chapters, each with several subtopics, will be treated: peripheral and spinal building blocks of motoricity; elementary grammar of the spinal cord; some aspects of spinal/supraspinal coordination in the brainstem; achievements and problems of cerebral motor control; and principles of motor learning in sport. In conclusion, the recent progress in neurophysiological research on motor systems allows recognition of a substantially new trend, a change of "paradigms": old mechanistic concepts of reflex chains and motor functions, like a complicated automation, are increasingly replaced by the idea of a sensing, planning, and self-operating subject whose mental processes are decisive for motor behavior, particularly in sport. Further mutual stimulation and support can be expected from this development between the science of sport and that of neuro- and psychophysiology. PMID- 3157652 TI - Cytotoxic effects following micro-irradiation of cultured cells sensitized with haematoporphyrin derivative. AB - Haematoporphyrin derivative photosensitization has been studied in single heart cells in tissue culture by laser micro-irradiation (lambda = 632.8 nm). Changes of beating rate as well as cell death depend on the localization of the microbeam on the various parts of the cell. The results show that the targets for photodamage are the plasma membrane followed by the mitochondria. PMID- 3157651 TI - Optical techniques for monitoring cutaneous microcirculation. Recent applications. PMID- 3157654 TI - A developmental approach to physical disability in childhood. AB - The reasons for advocating a developmental approach to physical disability in childhood are stated. Relevant characteristics of the developmental periods- antenatal, neonatal, early infancy, late infancy, preschool and school age--are described. Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis are then discussed in this developmental context. PMID- 3157653 TI - The epidemiology of chronic disability in childhood. AB - The problems and limitations of epidemiological studies of chronic disability are discussed. Several specific disorders are reviewed with regard to the information available and the reflection of various factors upon epidemiological trends. PMID- 3157655 TI - The Education Act 1981--rethinking special educational needs in the United Kingdom. AB - The events leading to the 1981 Education Act which recommends major changes in the provision of special education resources in the United Kingdom are reviewed. The emerging important contribution of "educational medicine" is discussed and the main features of the Act are reported. PMID- 3157656 TI - The role of surgery in rehabilitation. PMID- 3157657 TI - Paediatric rehabilitation. PMID- 3157658 TI - The effects of intravenous insulin infusion on skin microcirculatory flow in Type 1 diabetes. AB - The effects of insulin infusion (1.5 u/h and 15 u/h) on finger nailfold capillary diameter, microcirculatory resting flow and microvascular reactivity were studied in eleven Type 1 diabetics. Blood glucose was maintained at pre-infusion values by intravenous glucose infusion as necessary. Venous limb capillary diameter was significantly wider on 15 u/h compared with pre-infusion values (14.3 +/- 4.5 micron pre, 16.9 +/- 5.1 micron 15 u/h, p less than 0.01. Resting blood flow measured by laser doppler flowmetry increased on the low dose infusion compared with pre-infusion values (2.6 +/- 1.7 V pre, 3.3 +/- 1.9 V 1.5 mu/h, p less than 0.05) but fell on high dose infusion (2.5 +/- 1.9 V, p less than 0.02). Dynamic measurement of capillary blood flow velocity in single capillaries suggested that insulin infusion increased the circulatory debt repayment following 60 s arterial occlusion. The high dose infusion caused a significant impairment of the reflex rise in precapillary resistance that normally accompanies venous congestion. It is concluded that insulin has effects on skin microvascular haemodynamics that are independent of the hormone's hypoglycaemic action. PMID- 3157659 TI - Acceptance of hepatitis B vaccine by hospital personnel. AB - Personnel at high risk of acquiring hepatitis B in two university-affiliated teaching hospitals were offered immunization against this disease. Of the 1,193 employees, 454 (38%) requested immunization. Individuals who declined or deferred immunization were sent questionnaires requesting the reasons for their decisions. Responses to the questionnaire were received from 487 of 674 personnel (72%). Most respondents (greater than 90%) indicated that they: 1) were aware of being at risk of acquiring hepatitis B, and 2) recognized the potential danger of the disease. A majority of respondents (56%) indicated that they had decided not to be immunized because they wanted to wait until more was known about the vaccine. Concern about specific side effects (eg, Guillain-Barre syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) was cited much less often as a reason for declining immunization. Nearly one-fifth of questionnaire respondents either did not know the date of their last tetanus-diphtheria immunization or had not received a booster within the past decade. PMID- 3157660 TI - [Stage diagnosis in heart failure]. PMID- 3157661 TI - Phase I evaluation of chlorozotocin (NSC-178248): weekly schedule. AB - A phase I trial of chlorozotocin was completed for a weekly times four dose schedule repeated every 8 weeks. Thrombocytopenia was the acute dose limiting toxicity. Nausea and vomiting were moderate to severe and dose related. Two cases of possible drug related irreversible nephrotoxicity were seen. Transient elevations of serum creatinine and mild proteinuria were noted. Also, transient elevations in SGOT were observed. One patient with a carcinoid tumor had a 60% reduction in his 5HIAA level after one course of therapy. The recommended dose for phase II clinical studies of chlorozotocin is 40 mg/m2 IV weekly for four weeks, repeated every 8 weeks. PMID- 3157663 TI - [Undesirable skin reactions to lithium]. AB - Lithium plays an important role in the treatment and prophylaxis of affective psychoses. Taking lithium-containing drugs by mouth can cause side effects on the skin, although severe side effects are rare. Acneiform dermatoses have been most frequently described. In addition, when taking lithium continuously, psoriasis can be triggered or worsened and the psoriasis tends to be resistant to treatment. Maculo papular eruptions, ulcers, keratosis pilaris like folliculitis, exfoliative dermatitis, dermatitis herpetiformis like eruption, and hair loss have been described. Possibly the blood level of lithium plays a decisive role in developing a dermatosis. If the skin side effect is mild, the dermatosis should be treated topically. If the dermatoses under lithium treatment are severe, a reduction in the lithium dosage should possibly be discussed with the psychiatrist. Only rarely does lithium have to be entirely discontinued. PMID- 3157662 TI - Trimetrexate: a new antifol entering clinical trials. AB - Trimetrexate, a 2,4-diaminoquinazoline derivative, is a new antifol recently introduced into clinical trials. It differs from methotrexate principally in its transport (not carrier-mediated), and its intracellular retention (not polyglutamylated). Trimetrexate is active against tumors which are methotrexate resistant on the basis of impaired transport, and has a broader range of antitumor activity in preclinical models. Animal studies predict toxicity principally to the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow. PMID- 3157664 TI - [Lymphadenopathy and a lower T-helper/suppressor cell (Th/Ts) ratio in homosexual men in West Germany. Studies of 147 patients to evaluate the individual risk of acquiring AIDS]. AB - Investigations on 147 homosexual men in Berlin-West (17-57 years old, kappa = 32 years) revealed the presence of lymphadenopathy in 90 cases (61.2%). In addition, the Th/Ts-ratio was significantly reduced in the entire homosexual group compared to a control group of heterosexual men (n = 13) of comparable age [2P(z) = 0.0001; Mann-Whitney-U-test]. In homosexual men with marked lymphadenopathy (n = 43) the ThlTs-ratio was found to be lower than in those without lymphadenopathy (n = 57); the difference was significant (P less than 0.01). The reduction of the Th/Ts-ratio in the entire group was mainly due to a significant increase of the number of Ts-lymphocytes (P less than 0.005); Th-lymphocytes showed a trend to decrease which only became significant values in the group of homosexual men with marked lymphadenopathy (P less than 0.05). Similarly, no statistical correlation was found between reduction of Th/Ts-ratio and the age of homosexual men in the entire group (n = 147) as compared to controls; whereas, in the group of homosexuals with marked lymphadenopathy (n = 43) the decrease of Th/Ts became significant with increasing age. No statistical correlation was found between lymphadenopathy, reduction of Th/Ts-ratio and promiscuity (lifetime number of partners, number of partners during the last 6 months). The high prevalence of lymphadenopathy and reduction of Th/Ts-ratio, regarded as parameters of the individual AIDS-risk, indicate that a considerable number of homosexual men in Germany may develop that syndrome. PMID- 3157665 TI - Relationship between myoglobin and succinate dehydrogenase in mouse soleus and plantaris muscle fibres. AB - This report describes a quantitative histochemical study of myoglobin in skeletal muscle fibres. The muscle fibres were classified as fast or slow on the basis of their quantitative myofibrillar ATPase histochemistry. A large range of myoglobin absorbance values was found among fast skeletal muscle fibres. This range was relatively small among slow fibres. The concentrations of myoglobin and the activities of succinate dehydrogenase in individual muscle fibres in serial sections are weakly correlated in both the mouse soleus and plantaris muscle. The myoglobin concentration is higher in fast and slow oxidative soleus muscle fibres and the succinate dehydrogenase activity in these fibres is lower than in oxidative plantaris muscle fibres in the same range of cross-sectional area. PMID- 3157666 TI - Long term effects on the immune system following local radiation therapy for breast cancer. I. Cellular composition of the peripheral blood lymphocyte population. AB - Local radiation therapy for breast cancer depletes the blood of various subsets of lymphocytes. Previous studies showed that the recovery is still incomplete at 30 months. To further elucidate the recovery we examined blood lymphocyte counts of 138 disease-free women and various lymphocyte subsets in 102 of these patients. These patients, 5-6 and 10-11 years earlier, had entered a clinical trial in which preoperative irradiation (45 Gy) was evaluated against postoperative irradiation (45 Gy) or surgery only. Patients who had undergone surgery only served as controls. Total lymphocyte counts of the irradiated patients were still significantly reduced 10-11 years after treatment. This reduction was mainly attributable to a subnormal level of T-cells as determined by the monoclonal antibody Leu-1 and the ability to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, whereas the number of non-T cells, expressing C'3 receptors, did not differ significantly from the controls. Within the T-cell population a subset with helper/inducer phenotypes, detected by Leu-3a antibodies, was significantly reduced even 10-11 years after irradiation. T-cells with suppressor/cytotoxic phenotypes, stainable with Leu-2a antibodies, however, had already recovered 5-6 years after irradiation. The duration of the radiation induced reductions of different lymphocyte subsets may be related to the physiological turn-over of the cells or a changed distribution of cells in the body. PMID- 3157669 TI - Familial cerebellar atrophy. PMID- 3157667 TI - Prolonged suppression of plasma LH levels in male rats after a single injection of an LH-RH agonist in poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microcapsules. AB - The authors have examined the effects of a subcutaneous injection of the LH-RH agonist D-Trp6-LH-RH formulated in biodegradable poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microcapsules on plasma levels of D-Trp6LH-RH, LH, and PRL in adult, gonadectomized male rats. Immunoreactive D-Trp6-LH-RH was detectable in the plasma of these animals at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after injection. LH concentrations were greatly reduced 1 week after administering the D-Trp6-LH-RH microcapsule, continued to decrease during the following week, and remained suppressed until the end of the study, 6 weeks after the injection. Plasma PRL levels appeared elevated 1 to 2 weeks after the injection and suppressed thereafter, but these effects were significant only in animals rendered hyperprolactinemic by transplantation of an isologous pituitary under the renal capsule. These results demonstrate that an LH-RH agonist formulated in biodegradable microcapsules and administered as a subcutaneous injection can exert marked biologic effects in rats for at least 6 weeks. These findings also suggest that prolonged exposure to an LH-RH agonist may first produce stimulation, followed by an inhibition of PRL release from both in situ and ectopic pituitaries. PMID- 3157668 TI - Bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled capsaicin in humans. AB - The effect of inhaled capsaicin, the irritant extract of pepper, on airway tone has been studied in humans. Inhaled capsaicin (2.4 X 10(-10) and 2.4 X 10(-9) mol) caused a dose-dependent fall in specific airways conductance (maximum fall 28 +/- 19 and 38 +/- 19%, respectively; means +/- SD, n = 17). This was maximal within 20 s of exposure and lasted for less than 60 s. There was no difference in the magnitude or duration of bronchoconstriction between normal, smoking, or asthmatic subjects. Capsaicin also caused coughing and retrosternal discomfort. On repeated exposure to capsaicin, there was no evidence for a reduced response (tachyphylaxis). Ipratropium bromide (0.25 mg by inhalation) significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the bronchoconstriction (maximum falls 34 +/- 14 and 15 +/- 9% after saline and ipratropium bromide, respectively; means +/- SD n = 6), indicating that it was dependent on a cholinergic vagal reflex rather than on local release of substance P from nerves in the airway. Inhaled sodium cromoglycate (10 mg by nebulizer or 40 mg as a dry powder), however, had no significant effect on the bronchoconstrictor response. Capsaicin may be a useful tool for investigating nonmyelinated nerve reflexes in human airways. PMID- 3157670 TI - Subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage in the preterm neonate. PMID- 3157671 TI - Disruption of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon from the distal phalanx "recognition and treatment". PMID- 3157672 TI - Calcium: current concerns about adequacy for long term health. PMID- 3157673 TI - Medicine era 1985. PMID- 3157674 TI - Profiles of Arkansas medical figures: Corydon McAlmont Wassell, M.D. 1884-1958. PMID- 3157676 TI - Food allergy--a new science. PMID- 3157675 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery, an Arkansas series. PMID- 3157677 TI - Office orthopaedics. Biologic fixation cementless total joint arthroplasty. PMID- 3157678 TI - Chitin synthase in Candida albicans: comparison of digitonin-permeabilized cells and spheroplast membranes. AB - The treatment of Candida albicans (yeast form) with digitonin or dimethyl sulfoxide permeabilized cells and caused the activation of chitin synthase in situ. Endogenous activation was completely prevented by the sulfhydryl reagents N ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzoate, and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid); partially prevented by the protease inhibitors antipain, leupeptin, and N alpha tosyl-L-lysyl chloromethyl ketone; and also partially prevented by EDTA. Thus, a clostripain-like protease may be involved in the endogenous activation phenomenon. The pH activity profile, cofactor requirements, and kinetic parameters of the endogenously activated chitin synthase were identical to those of the trypsin-activated enzyme in protoplast membranes. PMID- 3157680 TI - Purification from Dictyostelium discoideum of a low-molecular-weight myosin that resembles myosin I from Acanthamoeba castellanii. AB - A low-molecular-weight myosin has been purified 1500-fold from extracts of Dictyostelium discoideum, based on the increase in K+,EDTA-ATPase specific activity. The purified enzyme resembles the single-headed, low-molecular-weight myosins IA and IB from Acanthamoeba castellanii, and differs from the conventional two-headed, high-molecular-weight myosin previously isolated from Dictyostelium, in several ways. It has higher K+,EDTA-ATPase activity than Ca2+ ATPase activity; it has a native molecular mass of about 150,000 and a single heavy chain of about 117,000; the 117,000-dalton heavy chain is phosphorylated by Acanthamoeba myosin I heavy chain kinase; phosphorylation of its heavy chain enhances its actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase activity; and the 117,000-dalton heavy chain reacts with antibodies raised against the heavy chain of Acanthamoeba myosin IA. None of these properties is shared by the low-molecular-weight active fragment that can be produced by chymotryptic digestion of conventional Dictyostelium myosin. We conclude that Dictyostelium contains an enzyme of the myosin I type previously isolated only from Acanthamoeba. PMID- 3157679 TI - Isolation and characterization of delta ompB strains of Escherichia coli by a general method based on gene fusions. AB - We isolated a series of delta ompR delta envZ mutants by inducing a strain carrying a lambda prophage in the closely linked gene malP and screening the bacterial survivors for loss of the major outer membrane porins OmpF and OmpC. Characterization of these deletion strains showed that both OmpR and EnvZ were necessary for transcription of ompF and ompC and that neither gene was essential for cell viability. Moreover, the deletion strains did not exhibit the pleiotropic membrane protein deficiency observed with certain envZ mutants. The method described should allow the simple isolation of deletions in any region of the chromosome. PMID- 3157681 TI - Phosphorylation of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase by Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. AB - Protein kinase C incorporates phosphate into two sites of myosin light chain kinase (MLC-kinase) in the absence of calmodulin. Phosphorylation is all but abolished in the presence of Ca2+ and calmodulin, suggesting that both sites of phosphorylation are close to the calmodulin binding site. The phosphorylation of MLC-kinase results in an approximately 10-fold increase in the dissociation constant of MLC-kinase for calmodulin. Following phosphorylation (2 mol/mol of enzyme) of MLC-kinase by protein kinase C, an additional 2 mol of phosphate can be incorporated into the MLC-kinase apoenzyme by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Different maps of phosphopeptides were obtained by tryptic hydrolysis from MLC-kinase preparations phosphorylated by each kinase. The phosphorylation sites for the cAMP-dependent kinase were located in a fragment of approximately 25,000 daltons. In contrast the phosphorylation sites for protein kinase C are found in a much smaller tryptic peptide. These results suggest that the phosphorylation sites on MLC-kinase are different for protein kinase C and for cAMP-dependent protein kinase. However, phosphorylation in both regions results in a reduced affinity for calmodulin. PMID- 3157682 TI - AMP deaminase reaction as a control system of glycolysis in yeast. Role of ammonium ion in the interaction of phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase activity with the adenylate energy charge. AB - The role of ammonium ion and AMP deaminase (EC 3.5.4.6) reaction in the activation of phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) and pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) by the decrease in the adenylate energy charge was investigated using permeabilized yeast cells. Response of AMP deaminase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase to variation in the energy charge is typical of the ATP regenerating enzymes: an activation with the decrease in the energy charge under the in situ conditions. The addition of polyamine activated AMP deaminase in situ, resulting in the subsequent increase in ammonium production, which can stimulate the phosphofructokinase activity with the increase in the optimal energy charge value giving maximal activity of the enzyme. The optimal energy charge value of phosphofructokinase was 0.2-0.25 in the absence of ammonium ion and was shifted to the value above 0.5 by the addition of ammonium ion, whereas Pi, an activator of the enzyme showed little effect on the increase in the optimal energy charge value. The optimal energy charge value of AMP deaminase and pyruvate kinase was not affected by the addition of their effectors. Modulation of the response to the energy charge of phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase was analyzed in terms of the "activation coefficient," which was defined as the ratio of the activity at the energy charge of 0.6 to that at the value of 0.9. Activation of phosphofructokinase by the physiological decrease in the energy charge (0.9 to 0.6) can be enhanced by the increase in ammonium ion specifically, although the coefficient of pyruvate kinase remained unaffected by ammonium ion. These results suggest that the AMP deaminase reaction as an ammonium-forming reaction can participate in a key role in the stimulation of phosphofructokinase or glycolytic flux in cells. PMID- 3157683 TI - Monomer-dimer association constant of solubilized sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. AB - The monomer-dimer association constant of solubilized and delipidated sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase was measured by large zone elution gel chromatography in the presence of a high concentration (18.6 mM) of the nonionic detergent dodecyloctaethylene glycol monoether (C12E8) and of different ATPase protein concentrations in the range of 0.74 (6.4 nM monomers) to 30 (0.26 microM monomers) microgram/ml. The association equilibrium constant (Ka) obtained from the concentration-dependent dissociation curve was 9.37 X 10(7) M-1 at 24 degrees C. The derived free energy change (delta G0) for the monomer-dimer association was -10.8 kcal/mo, reflecting a high degree of tightness between inter-subunit domains in soluble dimeric ATPase. A steep dissociation curve within a short natural logarithmic span (2.5 units) was obtained when the degree of dissociation increased from 0.1 to 0.9, suggesting that a conformational drift accompanies the dissociation of soluble dimeric ATPase. A unique leading boundary was formed in the large zone chromatographies, indicating a reversible equilibrium which was rapid when compared to the time taken for the chromatographic run. Enzymatic activity was continuously monitored in the eluate, revealing that soluble ATPase at different degrees of dissociation was active. PMID- 3157685 TI - Correlation between lipid fluidity and tryptic susceptibility of Ca2+-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. AB - Lipid fluidity in native and denatured sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes and extracted lipids was monitored between -30 and 30 degrees C using trans-parinaric acid as a fluorescent probe. In addition to a large increase in fluidity between 30 and 0 degree C in each system, a phase change centered near 10 degrees C was observed in the extracted lipids but not in either the native or denatured membranes. A significant change in fluorescence intensity near 15 degrees C was observed in native sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes, however, when trans parinaric acid was excited by energy transfer from tryptophan residues of the membrane protein. When Ca2+-ATPase was subjected to proteolytic cleavage by trypsin as a function of temperature, a change in susceptibility was detected at about 15-20 degrees C in the native membranes but not in a solubilized preparation. It is proposed that one or more structural changes in the microenvironment of Ca2+-ATPase in the native membrane occur between 15 and 20 degrees C which may be related to the change in apparent activation energy which is observed for this enzyme. PMID- 3157684 TI - Heart 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase. Subcellular distribution and binding to myofibrils. AB - 6-Phosphofructo-1-kinase (phosphofructokinase) (ATP:D-fructose-6-P 1 phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.11) can be identified in sheep heart homogenates in two forms, a soluble form and a form bound to the particulate fraction. Homogenates from immediately-dissected hearts have the enzyme in the soluble form, while those collected after a delay have the enzyme bound to the particulate fraction. Aldolase appears to show the same change in its location. Homogenization in a solution with concentrated macromolecular species (20% albumin) results in a greater association of phosphofructokinase and of aldolase to the particulate fraction in homogenates from immediately dissected hearts. Phosphofructokinase activity can be solubilized by two specific means: by high ionic strength, which is dependent upon specific salts; or by low ionic strength, which is dependent upon the presence of phosphofructokinase substrates or modifier ligands. These two means of solubilization are affected differently upon decreasing the pH below 6.9: the solubilization at low ionic strength is prevented, whereas phosphofructokinase is still solubilized by high ionic strength. Under the latter condition, the enzyme is in the inactive dimeric state, which can be activated at an alkaline pH. Myofibrils present in the particulate fraction can account for the binding of phosphofructokinase in heart homogenates. Purified myofibrils, when added to heart supernatant fluids, can bind phosphofructokinase at a slightly acidic pH. Conditions for phosphofructokinase binding to myofibrils, as well as its dissociation, follow what was observed with the binding of phosphofructokinase to the particulate fraction. At an acidic pH, and in the presence of a high concentration of ATP, phosphofructokinase exhibits low activity. However, if phosphofructokinase is assayed under these conditions while bound to myofibrils, the enzyme is activated. PMID- 3157686 TI - Coincidence of H+ binding and Ca2+ dissociation in the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca ATPase during ATP hydrolysis. AB - H+ and Ca2+ concentration changes in the reaction medium following MgATP addition at pH 6.0 were determined with the partially purified Ca-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles in the presence of 25-50 microM CaCl2 and 5 mM MgCl2 at 4 degrees C. Previously, we showed a sequential occurrence of H+ binding and H+ dissociation in the Ca-ATPase during ATP hydrolysis and further suggested that the H+ binding takes place inside the vesicles (Yamaguchi, M., and Kanazawa, T. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 9526-9531). The present results demonstrate that the H+ binding occurred coincidently with Ca2+ dissociation from the enzyme upon conversion of the phosphoenzyme (EP) intermediate from the ADP-sensitive form to the ADP-insensitive form in the catalytic cycle of ATP hydrolysis. As KCl decreased in the medium, the extent of the H+ binding increased almost proportionately with the extent of either the Ca2+ dissociation or the accumulation of ADP-insensitive EP. Both the H+ binding and the Ca2+ dissociation were prevented by a modification of the specific SH group of the enzyme essential for the conversion of ADP-sensitive EP to ADP-insensitive EP. In the late stage of the reaction, H+ dissociation from the enzyme occurred coincidently with Ca2+ binding to the dephosphoenzyme which was formed by EP decomposition. These results are consistent with the possibility that the H+ ejection during the Ca2+ uptake with the intact vesicles previously shown by several investigators takes place through a Ca2+/H+ exchange directly mediated by the membrane-bound Ca ATPase. PMID- 3157687 TI - Specific binding of the calcium antagonist [3H]verapamil to membrane fractions from plants. AB - Specific binding of the Ca2+ channel blocker [3H] verapamil to a membrane fraction from plants has been characterized. Binding to zucchini membranes was saturable and reversible. The apparent equilibrium dissociation constant is KD = 102 nM and the maximum number of binding sites is Bmax = 60 pmol/mg of protein. The KD determined from the association and dissociation rate constants is 130 nM. [3H]Verapamil binding to zucchini membranes could not be inhibited by the Ca2+ antagonists nifedipine and diltiazem. However, [3H]verapamil could be displaced by diltiazem but not by nifedipine from corn membranes. Sucrose density fractionation of zucchini membrane preparations revealed that [3H]verapamil binding sites are located primarily at the plasma membrane. PMID- 3157688 TI - Steady state kinetics at high enzyme concentration. The myosin MgATPase. AB - The rate of ATP hydrolysis by myosin at high concentrations with an ATP regenerating system increases linearly with increasing added ATP up to a sharp break at the equivalence point of 1 ATP/myosin active site. Theoretical modeling indicates that the data require a KM on the order of the 30 nM value predicted by the rapid kinetic work (Lymn, R. W., and Taylor, E. W. (1970) Biochemistry 7, 2975-2983). Changes in the experimental conditions are found to change the slope of the initial increase in ATPase rate, but not to change the equivalence point. Proteolytic subfragments of myosin do not exhibit a linear initial increase in rate indicating that they are not homogeneous. Purified myosin is also found to show a small additional increase in ATPase rate at much higher ATP levels with a corresponding increase in flux through a pathway with a low extent of oxygen exchange. This high Km component with low oxygen exchange is distinct from the contaminating ATPase reported previously (Sleep, J. A., Hackney, D. D., and Boyer, P. D. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 4094-4099) which is shown here to be the CaATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3157689 TI - Comparison of the responses to drugs acting on adrenoreceptors and muscarinic receptors in human isolated corpus cavernosum and cavernous artery. AB - The contractile and relaxant effects of drugs which interact with adreno- and muscarinic receptors were investigated in isolated tissue from the human corpus cavernosum urethrae (CC) and the cavernous artery (Acc). Isolated CC preparations were contracted in a concentration-dependent fashion by noradrenaline (NA), phenylephrine and clonidine in the mentioned order of potency. Prazosin was 300 times more active than rauwolscine in inhibiting NA-induced contractions. In segments of the isolated Acc, clonidine was more potent than NA and phenylephrine, and prazosin and rauwolscine were about equieffective in inhibiting NA-induced contractions. Prazosin was more effective than rauwolscine in CC strips, and rauwolscine more effective than prazosin in Acc segments in inhibiting the noradrenergically mediated part of electrically induced contractions. Isoprenaline, prenalterol and procaterol each relaxed NA-contracted CC preparations in a concentration-dependent way; this effect was blocked by propranolol. Isoprenaline had no relaxant action in Acc segments. Neither acetylcholine (ACh) nor carbachol produced contraction in CC and Acc preparations. ACh, but particularly carbachol, had potent relaxant effects in NA contracted CC preparations. This effect of ACh and carbachol was blocked by scopolamine. Relaxant, but less potent effects of the muscarinic receptor agonists were found in the Acc segments. It is suggested that there are important differences between penile arteries and erectile tissue proper in the response to adrenoreceptor and muscarinic receptor active drugs. The contractile effect of NA seems to be mediated mainly by alpha 1-adrenoreceptors in the CC and by alpha 2 adrenoreceptors in the Acc. It cannot be excluded that muscarinic receptor mediated relaxation of NA-contracted CC preparations can be of importance for penile tumescence and erection. PMID- 3157690 TI - Microvillus 110K-calmodulin: effects of nucleotides on isolated cytoskeletons and the interaction of the purified complex with F-actin. AB - Microvilli isolated from intestinal epithelial cells contain a cytoskeletal Mr 110,000 polypeptide complexed with calmodulin (110K-CM) that is believed to link the microfilament core bundle laterally to the plasma membrane. Previous work has shown that physiological levels of ATP can partially solubilize the 110K-CM complex from isolated microvillus cytoskeletons or isolated microvilli. However, once extracted, the 110K-CM complex has been found to be difficult to maintain stably soluble in aqueous buffers. This is due to the presence of an endogenous ATPase (approximately 100 nmol Pi/min per mg at 37 degrees C) in microvillus cytoskeletal preparations that depletes the ATP with subsequent precipitation of 110K-CM. Addition of ATP to such precipitates resolubilizes 110K-CM. Inclusion of an ATP regenerating system in the solubilization of 110K-CM from cytoskeletons, or membrane-bound brush borders, increases the amount of 110K-CM solubilized. Solubilization of 110K-CM from microvillus cytoskeletons was found to require a divalent cation (Mg2+, Mn2+, or Co2+, but not Zn2+) and a nucleoside triphosphate (ATP, GTP, CTP, or ITP). ADP did not solubilize 110K-CM, but could partially inhibit ATP-dependent solubilization. Solubilized 110K was phosphorylated during extraction of microvillus cores with [gamma-32P]ATP, but this was unrelated to the solubilization of 110K-CM as the endogenous kinase was specific for ATP, whereas the solubilization was not. The 110K-CM was purified using ATP extraction of brush border cytoskeletons in the presence of an ATP regenerating system, gel filtration of the solubilized extract, an ATP depletion step to specifically precipitate 110K-CM with F-actin, and resolubilization followed by phosphocellulose chromatography. The purified complex was stably soluble in aqueous buffers both in the presence and absence of ATP. It bound almost quantitatively to F-actin in the absence of ATP, and showed nucleotide solubilization characteristics from F-actin similar to that found for solubilization of 110K-CM from microvillus cores. At low ATP levels, the binding to F-actin was increased in the presence of ADP. These results suggest that the purified complex has been isolated in a native form. The data confirm and extend the studies of Howe and Mooseker (1983, J. Cell Biol., 97:974-985) using a partially purified preparation of 110K-CM and further emphasize that 110K-CM is a stably water soluble complex and not an integral membrane protein. PMID- 3157692 TI - Single high affinity binding of interferon alpha 2 to receptors on human lymphoblastoid cells: internalization and inactivation of receptors. AB - The interaction of human recombinant interferon (rIFN) alpha 2 with its receptor on lymphoblastoid cells was studied using competitive displacement binding. The data were analysed with the LIGAND program, which tests their fit to one-site or multiple binding site models. The binding at 4 degrees and 37 degrees C fits a one-site model, with a similar KD for both IFN-sensitive and resistant cells. Binding at 37 degrees C to Daudi cells at high density fits artifactually a two site model only when the receptor concentration is close to that of the KD. The binding of IFN to its receptor, therefore, follows a simple bimolecular interaction. Furthermore, IFN-sensitive and resistant cells internalize IFN at similar rates. We have examined whether IFN receptors are also internalized and whether they subsequently recycle to the cell surface. By measuring cell surface and total receptors, we have observed that after 2 h treatment with IFN total receptors remain constant whereas cell surface receptors decrease. After prolonged treatment with IFN, however, there is a loss of total receptors. By inactivating cell surface receptors with proteinase K, we have shown that a fraction of cell surface receptors becomes resistant to inactivation and is apparently internalized. Moreover, experiments which measure IFN receptors either during incubation in the presence of IFN or after IFN has been removed from the medium, show that receptors do not recycle to the cell surface after internalization. The addition of monensin, a drug which has been shown to inhibit receptor recycling, has no effect on the loss of IFN receptors. PMID- 3157691 TI - Posttranslational control of membrane-skeleton (ankyrin and alpha beta-spectrin) assembly in early myogenesis. AB - Adult chicken skeletal muscle cells express polypeptides that are antigenically related to alpha-spectrin (Mr 240,000) and beta-spectrin (Mr 220,000-225,000), the major components of the erythrocyte membrane-skeleton, and to ankyrin (Mr 237,000; also termed goblin in chicken erythrocytes), which binds spectrin to the transmembrane anion transporter in erythrocytes. Comparative immunoblotting of SDS-solubilized extracts of presumptive myoblasts and fully differentiated myotubes cultured in vitro demonstrated that there is a dramatic accumulation of ankyrin and alpha- and beta-spectrin during myogenesis and a concomitant switch in the subunit composition of spectrin from alpha gamma to alpha beta. Analysis of early time points in myogenesis (12-96 h) revealed that these changes occur shortly after the main burst of cell fusion. To determine the temporal relationship between cell fusion and the accumulation of ankyrin and alpha- and beta-spectrin, we treated presumptive myoblasts with 2 mM EGTA, which resulted in the complete inhibition of cell fusion. The incorporation of [35S]methionine into total protein and, specifically, into alpha-, gamma-, and beta-spectrin remained the same in EGTA-treated and control cells. Analysis by immunoblotting of the amounts of ankyrin and alpha- and beta-spectrin in fusion-blocked cells revealed that there was no effect on accumulation for the first 19 h. However, there was then a dramatic cessation in their accumulation, and thereafter, the amount of each protein at steady state remained constant. Upon release from the EGTA block, the cells fused rapidly (less than 11 h), and the accumulation of ankyrin and alpha- and beta-spectrin was reinitiated after a lag period of 3-5 h at a rate similar to that in control cells. The inhibition in the accumulation of newly synthesized ankyrin, alpha-spectrin, and beta-spectrin in EGTA-treated myoblasts was not characteristic of all structural proteins, since the accumulation of the muscle-specific intermediate filament protein desmin was the same in control and fusion-blocked cells. These results show that in myogenesis, the synthesis of ankyrin and alpha- and beta-spectrin and their accumulation as a complex, although concurrent, are not coupled events. We hypothesize that the extent of assembly of these components of the membrane-skeleton in muscle cells is determined by a control mechanism(s) operative at the posttranslational level that is triggered near the time of cell fusion and the onset of terminal differentiation. PMID- 3157693 TI - Phospholipid and Ca++ dependency of phorbol ester receptors. AB - The phospholipid and Ca++ dependency of a partially purified phorbol ester apo receptor from the soluble fraction of mouse brain homogenates was studied. This apo-receptor is believed to be identical with the Ca++ and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C. Binding of phorbol esters to the receptor/kinase C was shown to be entirely dependent on phospholipids. The negatively charged phospholipids phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidic acid all fully reconstituted binding. The neutral phospholipids were inactive. Among active phospholipids and mixtures of phospholipids, substantial differences (greater than 100-fold) were observed in the amounts required to achieve reconstitution. Although Ca++ was not required for reconstitution of binding activity, it dramatically (up to 100-fold) increased the potency of phospholipids for reconstitution. The phospholipids not only permitted reconstitution of the apo receptor but also played a major role in determining the binding characteristics of the complex. The KD values of [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate were in the range of 0.8 nM for the complex with phosphatidylserine to 30 nM for the complex with dioleoyl-phosphatidic acid. Like the binding affinity, the stimulation of protein kinase C activity by phorbol esters was dependent on the phospholipid into which the receptor/kinase C was reconstituted. The importance of the lipid domain for controlling the receptor/kinase C activity and for modulation of cellular sensitivity to phorbol esters is discussed. PMID- 3157695 TI - Purification and partial characterization of a liver cell proliferation factor called hepatopoietin. AB - The purification and partial characterization of a liver cell proliferation factor called hepatopoietin are described. Hepatopoietin was isolated from remnant livers or blood plasma of partially hepatectomized rats and purified approximately 13,000-fold. The stokes radius was 2.65 +/- 0.2 nm and the apparent molecular weight was calculated to be 38,000 +/- 5,000 D. Hepatopoietin is a heat stable glycoprotein and is organ specific but species nonspecific. In vivo it stimulates about three to four times the DNA synthesis as well as the mitotic rate of the liver of normal rats after i.p. injection. Hepatopoietin is inactivated upon incubation with galactosidase or trypsin-chymotrypsin. PMID- 3157694 TI - Direct evidence for the interaction of platelet surface membrane proteins GPIIb and III with cytoskeletal components: protein crosslinking studies. AB - When intact platelets are incubated at 37 degrees C with Concanavalin A (ConA), the two major surface membrane proteins GPIIb and III become associated with the Triton-insoluble cytoskeleton. Preincubation of platelets with a variety of metabolic inhibitors, including cytochalasin B, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, and antimycin A or lidocaine, had no effect on the ability of ConA to produce this effect. These results suggested that the ConA-induced anchorage of GPIIb and III to the Triton-insoluble cytoskeleton is a passive process requiring clustering of GPIIb III molecules but not requiring the metabolic energy of an intact cell. This was supported by experiments that showed that ConA binding to plasma membrane-rich fractions at 37 degrees C could induce association of GPIIb and III with a sedimentable actin-rich, Triton-insoluble membrane matrix. Similar results were obtained when membranes were first isolated from ConA-treated cells. Adding DNAse I, an actin depolymerizing agent, into the Triton extraction buffer inhibited the ConA-induced sedimentation of GPIIb-III and actin by 50% in the presence of Mg2+ ATP. Treatment of ConA-treated membranes with dimethyl-3,3' dithiobispropiomidate, a bifunctional, reducible protein crosslinking agent, produced Triton-insoluble crosslinked species of discrete molecular weights. When these cross-linked species were analyzed by SDS-PAGE in the presence of beta mercaptoethanol, they were found to be composed of a 180-200 K dalton protein, GPIIb, GPIII, and actin. Crosslinking of these components was equally effective after Triton treatment and indicated as well that the species crosslinked in the intact membrane was stable after Triton extraction. Addition of crosslinker to membranes not treated with ConA produced similar crosslinked species. Analysis of their composition on reduced gels revealed that the amounts of GPIIb and III were reduced greatly (less than 10% of the total input GPIIb and III) but that the 180 200 k dalton protein and actin content were similar to that seen with ConA treated membranes. These results are consistent with the notion that ConA clusters mobile, unanchored molecules of GPIIb-III (approximately 90-95% of the total) around a small fraction of IIb-III that is associated with a submembranous cytoskeleton. PMID- 3157697 TI - Quantification of nitrendipine in plasma by a capillary column gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method. PMID- 3157696 TI - Correlations between proton nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and retrospective histochemical images in experimental cerebral infarction. AB - Evaluation of ischemic brain injury in experimental cerebral infarction in gerbils and rats was performed by means of both proton nuclear magnetic resonance imaging ([1H]NMR-CT) and various histochemical analyses. In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging was carried out employing saturation recovery, inversion recovery, and spin echo pulse sequences. Spatial resolution of the images was excellent. The ischemic lesions were detected with a remarkable contrast in inversion recovery and spin echo images within a few hours after insult. Those changes in NMR images consistently corresponded with the various retrospective histochemical observations, especially with methods related to brain edema (K+ staining) rather than structural (enzymatic) studies. Calculated T1 and T2 relaxation times indicated the evolution of the edema state in the brain in situ. They correlated excellently with the retrospective water content measurement. As a result, detailed characterization of the edema state induced by cerebral ischemia was possible in vivo using [1H]NMR imaging. PMID- 3157698 TI - Immune complexes in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): relationship to disease manifestation, risk group, and immunologic defect. AB - Immune complex assays (and other immunologic tests) were performed on sera from 162 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 275 AIDS related subjects. Immune complexes were detected in 89% of AIDS patients and 93% of homosexual men with lymphadenopathy. Immune complex levels in AIDS patients were not associated with a particular risk group or with types of opportunistic infection or malignancy; however, they correlated with other laboratory features of the immune defect (depression in T helper cells and T helper/suppressor-cell ratio, and IgG levels). Immune complexes were also detected in a lesser proportion of risk-group controls (homosexual men, hemophiliacs, Haitians). In risk-group controls, immune complex levels were associated with certain features reflecting sexual practice, blood product exposure, or infection, but these features did not account for the higher levels found in AIDS patients. In appropriate situations, immune complex assays may be of value as screening tests or, possibly, as prognostic indicators for AIDS or AIDS-related syndromes. PMID- 3157699 TI - Alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome: some unresolved issues concerning etiology, neuropathology, and cognitive deficits. AB - Recent neuropsychological and neuropathological investigations with long-term alcoholics suggest that the etiology and neuropathology of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome are more complex than previously believed. While problem solving and visuoperceptual deficits seem to develop slowly during decades of alcoholism, the amnesic symptoms associated with Korsakoff's syndrome may appear acutely when severe malnutrition and alcoholism are combined. Furthermore, the report that alcoholic Korsakoff patients, like patients with Alzheimer's Disease, have endured a substantial neuronal loss in the nucleus basalis of Meynert has questioned the role of the medial diencephalon in the alcoholic patients' amnesic syndrome. Some initial demonstrations of similarities in the memory disorders of alcoholic Korsakoff and Alzheimer patients indicate that Korsakoff's syndrome may be more accurately characterized as a "basal forebrain" than as a "diencephalic" amnesia. PMID- 3157700 TI - Infections acquired in clinical laboratories in Utah. AB - We reviewed laboratory-acquired infections occurring in Utah from 1978 through 1982. Written and telephone interviews of supervisors of 1,191 laboratorians revealed an estimated annual incidence of 3 laboratory-acquired infections per 1,000 employees. Infections, in order of frequency, included hepatitis B (clinical cases), shigellosis, pharyngitis, cellulitis, tuberculosis (skin test conversion), conjunctivitis, and non-A, non-B hepatitis. One-half of large laboratories (over 25 employees), but only 12% of smaller laboratories, reported infections. The annual incidence, however, at smaller laboratories was more than three times greater than at large laboratories (5.0 versus 1.5 per 1,000; P less than 0.05, chi-square test). Microbiologists were at greatest risk of infection, with an incidence of almost 1%, followed by generalists and phlebotomists. Shigellosis was acquired only by microbiologists and accounted for more than half of their infections. The most common laboratory-acquired infection, hepatitis B, affected a microbiologist, a hematologist, a phlebotomist, a pulmonary blood gas technician, and a blood bank technologist who died from her illness. Clinical cases of hepatitis B occurred at a rate 10 times higher than the rate in the general U.S. population. The incidence of tuberculosis skin test conversion was intermediate between rates reported for hospital employees and for the state of Utah. PMID- 3157701 TI - Controlled evaluation of Trypticase soy broth in agar slide and conventional blood culture systems. AB - A commercially available biphasic blood culture system that utilizes an attachable agar slide paddle and Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) was compared with a conventional Trypticase soy broth blood culture bottle in 6,867 paired blood cultures from adult patients. Both systems were inoculated with equal volumes of blood (5 ml) and incubated aerobically (vented) for 2 weeks. More clinically important bacteria and fungi, including Staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., other Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were recovered from the biphasic system (P less than 0.001). In contrast, more anaerobic bacteria of importance were recovered in the conventional bottle (P less than 0.01). Staphylococci (P less than 0.001), gram-negative facultative and aerobic bacteria (P less than 0.001), and fungi (P less than 0.001) were detected 1 or more days earlier in the biphasic system, whereas pneumococci (P less than 0.05) were detected earlier in the conventional bottle. Of 603 clinically important microorganisms that grew in the biphasic system, 601 (99.7%) were detected by day 7 of incubation, but only 403 of 490 microorganisms (82.2%) were detected by day 7 in the conventional bottle. Overall, the biphasic system was superior to the conventional bottle. For optimal detection of anaerobic bacteremia, however, the biphasic system should be used in conjunction with a complementary anaerobic conventional bottle. PMID- 3157704 TI - Uptake of ciprofloxacin by macrophages. AB - Ciprofloxacin was concentrated within mouse peritoneal macrophages to between two and three times extracellular values. Uptake was rapid, occurred equally well with dead cells, and was not affected by lowering the pH or by prior ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus. Intracellular staphylococci were killed by extracellular concentrations of ciprofloxacin as low as 0.5 mg/l. PMID- 3157703 TI - Evidence that cell surface heparan sulfate is involved in the high affinity thrombin binding to cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells. AB - It has been postulated that thrombin binds to endothelial cells through, at least in part, cell surface glycosaminoglycans such as heparan sulfate, which could serve as antithrombin cofactor on the endothelium. In the present study, we have directly evaluated the binding of 125I-labeled bovine thrombin to cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells. The thrombin binding to the cell surface was rapid, reversible, and displaced by enzymatically inactive diisopropylphosphoryl thrombin. The concentration of thrombin at half-maximal binding was approximately 20 nM. Both specific and nonspecific binding of 125I-thrombin to the endothelial cell surface was partially inhibited in the presence of protamine sulfate, after the removal of cell surface heparan sulfate by the treatment of cells with crude Flavobacterium heparinum enzyme or purified heparitinase. The binding as a function of the concentration of thrombin revealed that the maximal amount of specific binding was reduced by approximately 50% with little alteration in binding affinity by these enzymatic treatments. The reversibility and active-site independence as well as the rate of the binding did not change after heparitinase treatment. Whereas removal of chondroitin sulfates by chondroitin ABC lyase treatment of cells did not affect the binding, identical enzymatic treatments of [35S]sulfate-labeled cells showed that either heparan sulfate or chondroitin sulfate was selectively and completely removed from the cell surface by heparitinase or chondroitin ABC lyase treatment, respectively. Furthermore, proteolysis of cell surface proteins by the purified glycosaminoglycan lyases was excluded by the identical enzymatic treatments of [3H]leucine-labeled or cell surface radioiodinated cells. Our results provide the first direct evidence that heparan sulfate on the cell surface is involved in the high-affinity, active site independent thrombin binding by endothelial cells, and also suggest the presence of thrombin-binding sites that are not directly related to heparan sulfate. PMID- 3157702 TI - Interaction of asialo von Willebrand factor with glycoprotein Ib induces fibrinogen binding to the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex and mediates platelet aggregation. AB - von Willebrand factor (vWF) is necessary for the initial attachment of platelets to exposed subendothelium, particularly under flow conditions like those prevailing in the microcirculation. Little is known about its possible participation in subsequent events leading to formation of platelet thrombi at sites of vascular injury. We addressed this question by studying the mechanisms by which desialylated vWF induces platelet aggregation in the absence of any other stimulus. Asialo vWF, unlike the native molecule, does not require ristocetin to interact with platelets. Agglutination induced by ristocetin is largely independent of active platelet metabolism and only partially reflects physiological events. We have shown here that binding of asialo vWF to platelets was accompanied by release of dense granule content and subsequent ADP-dependent fibrinogen binding to receptors on the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex. The initial interaction of asialo vWF with platelets was mediated by GPIb, as shown by blocking obtained with monoclonal antibody. Inhibition of this initial interaction completely abolished platelet aggregation induced by asialo vWF. The same effect was obtained with a monoclonal anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibody. This, however, did not block asialo vWF binding to platelets, but rather inhibited subsequent fibrinogen binding induced by asialo vWF. Therefore, the latter process was also essential for platelet aggregation under the conditions described. At saturation, asialo vWF induced binding of between 3.2 and 27.7 X 10(3) fibrinogen molecules/platelet, with an apparent dissociation constant between 0.28 and 1.18 X 10(-6) M. This study shows that asialo, and possibly native, vWF acts as a platelet agonist after its binding to GPIb and induces aggregation through a pathway dependent on GPIIb/IIIa-related receptors. PMID- 3157705 TI - The pharmacokinetics and serum and urine bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin. AB - Ciprofloxacin is an investigational quinolone agent possessing an impressive antibacterial spectrum. Its pharmacokinetics were studied in six volunteers after 250-mg and 500-mg single oral doses, and its bactericidal activity compared to that of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole given to the same volunteers. Mean peak serum levels were 1.45 micrograms/mL and 2.46 micrograms/mL for 250-mg and 500-mg doses, and time to peak was 1 and 1.3 hours. The 12-hour levels were 0.12 micrograms and 0.22 microgram. Half-life (T1/2)alpha were 0.32 and 0.43 with T1/2 beta were 3.97 and 4.15 and volume of distribution (area) were 80L and 90L, respectively. Area under the concentration curve (AUC) was 5.65 h X micrograms/mL and 10.37h X micrograms/mL. Serum clearance was 23L for both doses. Approximately 49% of the 250-mg dose and 43% of the 500-mg dose was recovered in the urine. Bactericidal levels were determined against clinical isolates. Sera at 1.5 hours after the 500-mg dose averaged bactericidal levels of 1:20 or better for an Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and beta lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis. Urinary bactericidal levels at eight to 12 hours were greater than or equal to 1:157 for E coli, K pneumoniae, gentamicin-piperacillin resistant P aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and 1:20 for Streptococcus faecalis. Serum bactericidal levels were superior, and urine bactericidal levels were superior or equal to the bactericidal levels obtained with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3157706 TI - An accurate photographic method for grading acne: initial use in a double-blind clinical comparison of minocycline and tetracycline. AB - This investigation utilized an accurate photographic method and grading scale for evaluating acne in sixty-two patients. During a randomized double-blind clinical study in which half of the patients received minocycline and half, tetracycline, photographs of facial or body acne were taken at baseline and every 2 weeks over a 12-week period of therapy. In addition to on-site blinded gradings by both the investigator and the patients, separate assessments were made by two independent dermatologists utilizing the scale and the transparencies taken during the study. A reasonable agreement was found between the investigator, the patients, and the independent dermatologists, indicating the usefulness of this method. The investigator's rating of acne severity disclosed a significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) more rapid clinical response at weeks 2 and 8 in the patients who received minocycline than in those who received tetracycline. Also, the assessment of one of the independent dermatologists showed a significantly (p = 0.024) better response to minocycline than to tetracycline at week 8 of therapy. The incidence of adverse clinical experiences was lower in the minocycline treated group (10%) than in the tetracycline-treated group (22%). PMID- 3157708 TI - Cutaneous histologic findings in chemical workers with and without chloracne with past exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AB - Histopathologic examination of the skin in seventy-seven chemical workers with past exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was performed in 1981 to determine whether changes specific for chloracne were present. Prior to biopsy, subjects had been classified as having clinical evidence of residual chloracne (48%), having a past history of chloracne but no current dermatologic evidence of it (24%), or never having had chloracne (27%). Follicular infundibular dilatation and/or comedones and cysts were found in 76%, 39%, and 32% of the current, past, and never chloracne groups, respectively; the differences were significant between current and never groups (p less than 0.001) and between current and past groups (p less than 0.01). A combined mean score of follicular infundibular dilatation, comedones, and cysts was significantly different only between the current and never groups (p less than 0.005). Solar elastosis, histologically present in all subjects, was related to age but not chloracne. No relationship was found between smoking habit and any of the histologic findings. Changes specific for chloracne were not found. Four millimeter skin biopsy is unlikely to be either diagnostic or useful in persons with past exposure to TCDD that is ill defined or insufficient to produce chloracne. PMID- 3157707 TI - Tissue production of androgens in women with acne. AB - Precursor and target tissue-produced androgens were measured in the plasma of eighteen women with mild to moderate acne. Mean plasma levels of the precursor androgens (total testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) wer similar to levels in a group of carefully selected acne-free and hirsute-free, age-matched female controls. In contrast, plasma 3 alpha-androstanediol glucuronide (3 alpha-diol G) values were elevated in 13 of the patients, with a mean value for the entire group nearly threefold that of the normal controls (117 vs 43 ng/dl; p less than 0.001). These results support the concept that target tissue androgen production plays an important hormonal role in the pathogenesis of acne in women and that plasma 3 alpha-diol G may be the most sensitive marker of this process. PMID- 3157709 TI - An evaluation of a 2% erythromycin ointment in the topical therapy of acne vulgaris. AB - Two hundred eight patients completed a 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, controlled study comparing a 2% erythromycin ointment to its vehicle. Patients were evaluated by inflammatory lesion counts and Cook acne severity grade at the initial visit and at weeks 2, 4, 8, 10, and 12. The 2% erythromycin ointment proved to be statistically more effective than the vehicle in reducing lesion counts and acne severity grade at weeks 4, 8, 10, and 12. The ointment caused few side effects and was well tolerated by most patients. PMID- 3157710 TI - Papulosquamous diseases: a review. AB - Papulosquamous diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders whose etiology primarily is unknown. The nosology of these disorders is based on a descriptive morphology of clinical lesions characterized by scaly papules and plaques. The major entities in this group include psoriasis, parapsoriasis (including pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta), lichen planus, lichen nitidus, lichen striatus, pityriasis rosea, pityriasis rubra pilaris, seborrheic dermatitis, and the Gianotti-Crosti syndrome. Many other conditions may become papulosquamous and should be considered in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 3157711 TI - Pulling boat hands: a unique dermatosis from coastal New England. AB - We report a previously unrecognized hand dermatosis, pulling boat hands (PBH), occurring in thirteen participants at the Outward Bound School on Hurricane Island, Maine. Painful and pruritic macules, plaques, and vesicles developed exclusively while subjects lived aboard a pulling boat, the school's open rowing/sailing craft. Nine of those affected were women and eight had Raynaud's phenomenon or vasospasm. These subjects experienced thirty episodes of PBH during May through October, 1978 to 1982. Histopathology revealed a superficial and deep lymphohistiocytic perivascular infiltrate, subepidermal blister formation, red blood cell extravasation, and dermal capillary thrombosis compatible with cold injury to the skin. All patients experienced prolonged percussion to their hands while rowing as well as a continuous environmental exposure to cold air, wind, humidity, ocean spume, and precipitation. These clinical, histopathologic, and environmental findings suggest a unique syndrome that combines the vascular effects of mechanical trauma from rowing with those of nonfreezing cold injury. PMID- 3157712 TI - The role of the ambulatory psoriasis treatment center as a cost-effective program for severe psoriasis. PMID- 3157713 TI - Proteolysis in milk: the significance of proteinases originating from milk leucocytes and a comparison of the action of leucocyte, bacterial and natural milk proteinases on casein. AB - The caseinolytic activities at pH 6.8 of polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear leucocyte homogenates (equivalent to a level of 10(6) cells/ml milk) were less than the levels of natural milk proteinase activity found in milk from healthy cows. Bulk milks contained approximately 4 times more milk proteinase activity than the composite milks from individual healthy cows. Isolated blood leucocytes, when added to raw milk of good bacteriological quality and stored at 5 degrees C, did not readily degenerate and had no detectable effect on the milk proteins even when these cells were completely disrupted by homogenization of the milk. Pasteurization of milk which contained leucocytes caused loss of cell vitality. Extracellular proteinases of psychrotrophic bacteria growing in milk were not detected until the early stationary phase of growth. The total viable count at which this occurred varied greatly. Proteinase production by a pure culture of Pseudomonas fluorescens was not detected in milk stored at 5 degrees C until a viable count of approximately 10(9) colony forming units (c.f.u.)/ml was obtained, whilst normal bulk milks stored at 5 degrees C produced detectable levels of extracellular proteinase(s) when the psychrotrophic flora reached 10(7) 10(8) c.f.u./ml. Casein proteolysis by PMN and mononuclear leucocyte homogenates resulted in similar polypeptide maps, but plasmin and bacterial proteinase isolated from a strain of Serratia marcescens resulted in polypeptide maps different from each other and from that produced by the leucocyte proteinase(s). The rate of proteolysis of caseins by the different proteinase sources appeared to be in the order alpha s1- greater than beta- greater than greater than kappa casein for the leucocyte extracts, beta- greater than alpha s1- greater than greater than greater than kappa-casein for bovine plasmin and beta- approximately kappa- greater than alpha s1-casein for for S. marcescens proteinase. PMID- 3157715 TI - Functional evaluation of a CPAP circuit with a high compliance reservoir bag. AB - Continuous positive airway pressure is widely used in the treatment of ARF and an evaluation of the systems is important. The authors used an artificial model to test a continuous flow system with a high compliance reservoir bag. The results confirm that the system is effective in maintaining positive pressure stability within a wide range of inspiratory peak flow rates, even when a low fresh gas flow rate is employed. Nevertheless, rebreathing of expired gases is possible and may be noticeable at high expiratory flow rates, caused by the high compliance of the reservoir bag. PMID- 3157716 TI - Acquisition of a 250-word vocabulary through a tactile vocoder. AB - In a previous experiment [P. L. Scilley, "Evaluation of a vibrotactile auditory prosthetic device for the profoundly deaf," unpublished Masters thesis, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (1980)] two normal subjects learned to identify 70 and 150 words, respectively, using the Queen's Tactile Vocoder. In the present experiment, the most advanced subject continued word learning until a tactile vocabulary of 250 words was acquired. At this point randomized tests were given to obtain an indication of final performance level. From these data conditional probabilities of correct response for each stimulus word and significant confusions were obtained, which provides insight into the advantages and present limitations of the tactile vocoder. PMID- 3157717 TI - A wearable multiple-electrode electrotactile speech processor for the profoundly deaf. AB - A versatile, battery-powered device for the representation of speech information as patterns of tactile stimulation has been developed. The features of this device that are different from other electrotactile speech processors are the site of stimulation, the proposed strategy for the representation of speech information, and the small size of the device. PMID- 3157714 TI - [Role of the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate shunt in regulating energy metabolism in human erythrocytes]. PMID- 3157718 TI - The dexamethasone suppression test in schizo-affective depression. AB - The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was performed on 30 patients fulfilling RDC or Kendell criteria for schizo-affective depression. Symptoms characteristic of depression or schizophrenia were noted, and the severity of psychosis and the severity and endogenicity of depression were assessed. Ratings of severity were repeated at 2-month follow-up. Ten of the 30 subjects were DST non-suppressors, but no clear differences in symptoms, severity of illness or outcome between suppressors and non-suppressors emerged. Thus, although schizo-affective depression is associated with an increased frequency of HPA axis abnormality as assessed by the DST, this test does not clarify the status of schizo-affective depression in the classification of psychiatric illness. PMID- 3157720 TI - Plasma nortriptyline and clinical response in depression. AB - Plasma levels of nortriptyline below 50 ng/ml or above 150 ng/ml have been reported to yield results inferior to intermediate levels. In the present study, patients with uncomplicated primary, nonbipolar depression were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of treatment with NT alone or with cognitive therapy. Nine of 35 patients had mean NT plasma levels less than 50 ng/ml. Five of them improved clinically to the criterion level of less than or equal to 7 on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. This improvement rate was not at all different from that of patients with mean plasma levels within the presumed therapeutic window. The upper limit of 150 ng/ml was not tested. This study is presented in the hope of reviving the apparently dormant search for optimal therapeutic plasma levels of antidepressants. PMID- 3157719 TI - Mania. Diagnosis, state measurement and prediction of treatment response. AB - The phenomenology of the manic state and its response to lithium drug treatment were intensively studied as part of a larger NIMH Clinical Research Branch Collaborative Program on the Psychobiology of Depression. In view of the weaknesses in current methods for measuring the components of the manic state, a new instrument was developed, the Manic Diagnostic and Severity Scale (MADS). Its sensitivity in diagnosis and in measuring change was compared to other scales already in use. Finally baseline clinical data is presented that suggests that the presence of a "mixed" manic state is a predictor of lack of clinical response to lithium treatment. PMID- 3157721 TI - Trace elements in manic depressive psychosis. AB - The concentrations of 16 elements (Al, Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, I, Pb, Mg, Mn, Mo, Rb, Se, Na, S and Ti) were estimated by neutron activation analysis in samples of hair, whole blood, serum and urine from normal controls, from patients suffering from mania and depression and from patients who had recovered from mania and from depression. Significant differences between groups were shown but apart from molybdenum, no element showed a significant change in more than one tissue. The differences in molybdenum concentrations appear to be of potential interest but the results must be interpreted with caution. PMID- 3157722 TI - Persistent elevation of urinary free cortisol and loss of circannual periodicity in recovered depressive patients. A trait finding. AB - By comparing a group of 8 normal subjects with 7 recovered depressive patients who had been dexamethasone suppression test (DST) nonsuppressors while depressed, the following differences were identified: (1) mean urinary free cortisol (UFC) levels were significantly higher for recovered depressive patients than for controls in the summer and fall as well as for the year; (2) patients who had recovered from depression lost their circannual pattern of cortisol excretion; and (3) there was a positive correlation between depressive symptoms as reflected on the Beck Depression Inventory and UFC levels in recovered patients but not controls. The elevated UFC levels in depressed patients with DST nonsuppression represents the first trait marker which persists over time. The implications of the close association between UFC levels and depressive symptoms is discussed. PMID- 3157723 TI - The dexamethasone suppression test in delusional depression. Further findings. AB - The results of the overnight 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) administered to 26 unipolar delusional depressed patients and 47 unipolar non delusional depressed controls are reported. There were no significant differences between the rates of abnormal responses in the two groups. However, there was a higher percentage of normal responses in the delusional depressive sample with mood incongruency. While 55% of the mood-congruent depressive patients were non suppressors, only 12% of the depressed patients with mood-incongruent psychotic features had abnormal DST responses. PMID- 3157725 TI - The influence of mania and depression on the pharmacokinetics of lithium. A longitudinal single-case study. AB - A 28-year-old woman, had, every month, a premenstrual manic-depressive cycle beginning with a hypomanic episode followed by a depression which improved with menstruation. The lithium serum level oscillated in a regular and inverse relationship to the mood changes, although the patient received a constant dosage of lithium: 16.2 mmol/l per day. The lithium level reached its highest value at the time of the greatest intensity of depression (1.10 mmol/l), and its lowest value during the time of hypomania (0.30 mmol/l), whereas it showed only small oscillations around 0.5 mmol/l when the patient's mood was normal. RBC lithium concentration and lithium excretion in the urine followed the same pattern. The daily creatinine excretion was usually within normal limits. It must be hypothesized that there are compartments or stores, to and from which lithium is transported, by mechanisms related to the biological basis of mood changes. PMID- 3157724 TI - Double depression in adolescent substance users. AB - One hundred adolescent substance users were interviewed in a youth drop-in counseling center. The results indicated that 16% of the sample suffered from a nontransitory type of depression with a duration of at least one year with a superimposed major depressive disorder. The group with such double-depression was found to include significantly more alcohol dependent individuals as well as amphetamine abusers. The study gives further support to the DSM-III notion that depression is associated with substance use in adolescents. PMID- 3157726 TI - Assessment of depression by questionnaire compared to DSM-III diagnosis. AB - The LPD, a self-report questionnaire which provides a quantitative and qualitative measure of depression, was examined in relation to a criterion-based system of diagnosis, the DSM-III. Results from 190 psychiatric inpatients suggest that the LPD distinguishes depressive from non-depressive syndromes in terms of severity of depression and that patients with melancholic major depression are more severely depressed than those with non-melancholic major depression. Furthermore, major depression with melancholia and major depression without melancholia, both conform to the LPD profile of endogenous depression whereas other depressive syndromes do not. A comparison of the two systems of categorizing depression also suggests that the LPD is a relatively sensitive predictor of the diagnosis of major depressive disorder. PMID- 3157727 TI - Drug response as a predictor of transmission of non-bipolar major depression within families. AB - The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the approach of using the degree of familial aggregation to validate a subtype of affective illness. In order to determine whether clinical response to pharmacological therapy in the proband treated for non-bipolar major depression constitutes a distinct subtype of depression, rates of affective illness were examined among relatives of probands who were categorized according to the speed and magnitude of their response to somatic treatment in controlled clinical trials. First-degree relatives of probands who experienced rapid improvement during the first week and poor response on termination of treatment, were found to have the highest rates of major depression. These results require replication. PMID- 3157728 TI - Neuroticism and personality disorder in depression. AB - Neuroticism and DSM-III personality disorder were studied in 39 depressed inpatients. Interrelationships between these variables and their relationship to depressive typology were compared. The relationship of neuroticism, DSM-III personality type and adequacy of personality to MAOI treatment are also examined. Neuroticism scores were unaffected by short-term treatment, and no differences in neuroticism were observed between melancholics and nonmelancholics, or between endogenous and nonendogenous depressives. Higher neuroticism scores were associated with DSM-III personality disorder. Personality disorder occurred significantly more often in nonmelancholia; borderline, antisocial and histrionic personality disorders occurred exclusively in nonmelancholia, while passive aggressive, dependent and avoidant disorders occurred in both kinds of depression. Response to MAO inhibitor treatment was similar in patients with high and low neuroticism, adequate and inadequate personality, DSM-III personality disorder and no DSM-III personality disorder. Ambiguities of Eysenck's neuroticism scale are discussed in relationship to depression. PMID- 3157729 TI - Imipramine metabolism in recurrent depressive episodes. AB - The long-term maintenance of major affective disorders with tricyclic antidepressants is of obvious interest. However, discrete predictors identifying subgroups 'at-risk' for higher recurrence rates have infrequently been cited. The clinical course of 32 major recurrent depressive patients was monitored over 2 years. Analysis of the total tricyclic concentration and the parent: desmethylated ratio revealed that those subjects in a depressive recurrence previously had had a lower imipramine: desipramine ratio (despite matched dosing and nonsignificant total plasma concentrations) than nonrecurrents. Several hypotheses are discussed. PMID- 3157730 TI - Family history of suicide in manic-depressive patients. AB - Among 231 manic-depressive patients, 18 (7.8%) had a first- or second-degree relative who had committed suicide. There were no significant differences between the unipolar or bipolar patients for a family history of suicide. The literature is reviewed and the possible implications discussed. PMID- 3157731 TI - A relationship between prolactin levels and dexamethasone suppression test results in major depressive disorder. AB - Fifteen patients with a major depressive disorder and 20 control subjects have completed a 1 mg Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) and on a separate day have had their prolactin and cortisol levels measured at 16.00 h. Among the depressed patients there was a significant positive correlation between the DST cortisol and the prolactin level, with abnormally elevated prolactin levels occurring in those depressed patients with very high DST cortisol (greater than 400 nmol/l) levels. PMID- 3157732 TI - L-5-hydroxytryptophan in the treatment of anxiety disorders. AB - Ten outpatients suffering from anxiety states (Anxiety Disorders: DSM-III) were treated with L-5-hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa. A significant reduction in anxiety was observed on three different anxiety scales. It is suggested that 5-HT systems may be involved in the mediation of anxiety. PMID- 3157733 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for the treatment of variant angina. AB - Among 268 patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty between February 1980 and January 1983, a total of 21 patients had variant angina, documented before angioplasty in 14 and after angioplasty in 7. Before angioplasty, all 21 patients had rest angina and 17 also had effort angina; single vessel coronary artery disease with 60 to 95% stenosis was present in all patients and the left anterior descending coronary artery was involved in all but 3 patients. Coronary angioplasty was successful in 19 patients (90%). Eight of the 19 patients remained symptom-free without coronary restenosis after successful angioplasty; in the other 11 patients, angina reappeared within 4 months, usually in association with restenosis. Of the nine patients with coronary restenosis, six had repeat angioplasty (five successful procedures and one failure), two received medical therapy and one underwent coronary bypass surgery. Patients in whom calcium channel antagonists were discontinued immediately after angioplasty had an exceedingly high coronary restenosis rate (8 [80%] of 10 successful attempts), but when calcium antagonists were continued for an average of 6 +/- 4 months after angioplasty, the restenosis rate was low (3 [21%] of 14 successful attempts). After a mean (+/- SD) follow-up period of 33 +/ 13 months, 1 patient had died and the 20 others (95%) were symptom-free; among these 20, 15 patients (75%) had been taking no antianginal drugs for more than 1 year, 2 still received calcium channel antagonists and 3 had had coronary bypass surgery. Repeat coronary arteriography performed 14 +/- 7 months after angioplasty in the 17 patients without angioplasty-related infarction or surgery showed 50% or less coronary stenosis in 13 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3157734 TI - Effects of beta-adrenergic blockade on the natural progression of myocardial infarct size and compensatory hypertrophy. AB - Using contrast-enhanced computed tomography, the effects of beta-adrenergic blockade were assessed on experimentally produced myocardial infarcts in dogs evaluated serially over the course of approximately 1 month. Infarct size, initial perfusion defect (jeopardized segment) and noninfarcted muscle mass were studied in two groups of conditioned mongrel dogs. Group 1 (n = 11) served as the control group and Group 2 (n = 10) was pretreated with propranolol (2 mg/kg). Each animal in the propranolol-treated group was given identical amounts of the agent twice daily for 7 days after coronary occlusion. Both groups developed increases in the noninfarcted muscle mass of the left ventricle (compensatory hypertrophy). The mean increase averaged 19.8% over 30 days when the two groups were included together. Infarct size was smaller in the propranolol-treated group, and averaged 28% less (p less than 0.05) than that of the control group 30 days after initial myocardial infarction. Thus, pharmacologic interventions were shown by computed tomography to alter the size of an acute experimental myocardial infarct, particularly when examined over the time course of infarct healing. Moreover, compensatory hypertrophy occurred in both the control and propranolol-treated groups. PMID- 3157735 TI - Early diastolic left ventricular function in children and adults with aortic stenosis. AB - Pressure overload hypertrophy of the left ventricle is associated with abnormal left ventricular early diastolic filling. The roles of the extent of cardiac hypertrophy, depressed left ventricular systolic function and aging in the pathogenesis of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction have not, however, been fully defined. To determine the relative importance of these factors in the pathogenesis of diastolic dysfunction in pressure overload hypertrophy, 16 children and 25 adults with aortic stenosis were compared with 48 normal children and adults, using rates of left ventricular early diastolic filling and wall thinning derived from M-mode echocardiography. Left ventricular early diastolic filling and wall thinning rates were significantly depressed in both children and adults with aortic stenosis as compared with values in normal subjects. Filling and thinning rates correlated negatively with age, left ventricular peak systolic pressure and wall thickness in all subjects. Furthermore, the effect of age on diastolic function appeared to be mediated by age-related increases in systolic pressure and wall thickness. In adults with aortic stenosis, early diastolic filling and wall thinning rates were depressed to a similar extent in subjects with normal and abnormal systolic function; thus, diastolic dysfunction does not appear to be a manifestation of abnormal systolic loading and ejection performance. These results suggest that extent of hypertrophy itself plays a dominant role in the mechanism of impaired left ventricular early diastolic filling in pressure overload due to aortic stenosis. PMID- 3157736 TI - Left ventricular wall stress and function in childhood coarctation of the aorta. AB - Unlike most adults with compensated pressure overload of the left ventricle, children with moderate to severe aortic stenosis exhibit pronounced left ventricular muscle hypertrophy, enhanced ejection performance and diminished wall stress. To determine whether these findings are present in other forms of left ventricular pressure overload in children, left ventricular mechanics were studied by catheterization in 14 children with coarctation of the aorta (average peak gradient 39 +/- 17 mm Hg) and in 10 normal children. Ejection fraction and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening in the coarctation group (0.74 +/- 0.09 and 1.71 +/- 0.43 circumferences/s, respectively) were significantly higher than in normal subjects (0.65 +/- 0.05 and 1.27 +/- 0.26 circumferences/s, respectively) (p = 0.008), but the ranges for both groups overlapped. End systolic stress in children with coarctation (77 +/- 20 dynes X 10(3)/cm2) was less than in normal children (121 +/- 24 dynes X 10(3)/cm2) (p less than 0.001), again with overlap of the ranges for both groups. The ratio of end-systolic stress to end-systolic volume index, an estimate of contractile function, was similar in both groups. Relations between severity of obstruction (left ventricular peak systolic pressure, coarctation gradient) and end-systolic stress and between stress and ejection performance were present within the coarctation group. Comparison of these data with those found in children with moderate to severe aortic stenosis shows a similar but less pronounced response to pressure overload due to coarctation of the aorta. PMID- 3157737 TI - Exercise systolic blood pressure: a powerful determinant of increased left ventricular mass in patients with hypertension. AB - This study examines the relation between left ventricular mass determined by two dimensional echocardiography and exercise blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Sixty-seven patients with hypertension and 19 normal subjects underwent treadmill exercise testing and two-dimensional echocardiography. The left ventricular mass index in the normal subjects was 80 +/- 10 g/m2 (mean +/- SD). Patients with hypertension were classified into two groups according to left ventricular mass: Group I (n = 42) had normal mass and Group II (n = 25) had increased mass (greater than 2 SD above the mean value in 19 normal subjects). There was a poor correlation between left ventricular mass and blood pressure at rest. However, a better correlation was found between left ventricular mass and exercise systolic blood pressure (r = 0.58, p less than 0.001) or the change in systolic blood pressure from rest to exercise (r = 0.48, p less than 0.001). Twenty-two (76%) of 29 patients with an exercise systolic blood pressure of 190 mm Hg or greater had an increased left ventricular mass index, whereas only 3 (8%) of 38 patients with an exercise systolic blood pressure of less than 190 mm Hg had an increased left ventricular mass index (p less than 0.0001). Thus, in patients with hypertension, left ventricular mass index is poorly related to blood pressure at rest, but is related to exercise systolic blood pressure. Patients with an exercise systolic blood pressure of 190 mm Hg or greater usually have an increased left ventricular mass. These findings may have therapeutic implications. PMID- 3157738 TI - Renovascular disease in the elderly: an analysis of 50 patients. AB - Fifty patients, 65 years of age or older, with renovascular disease were evaluated and treated between 1979 and 1981. Twenty-one patients were treated medically, 21 surgically and 8 with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the renal arteries. The age, sex, target organ involvement, initial blood pressure and serum creatinine were similar among the three groups. Sixty-six percent of the medical group demonstrated lower blood pressure. Ninety percent of the surgical group demonstrated a cure or improved blood pressure, and 43% of the patients with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty had improved blood pressure. Renal function deteriorated in 50% of the medical group, 19% of the surgical group and 25% of patients in the percutaneous transluminal angioplasty group. There was one operative death in the surgical group and one death related to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. The data demonstrate that old age itself is not a contraindication to surgery. If hypertension is resistant to medical therapy, if the patient experiences undesirable side effects from the medications or if renal function is jeopardized, surgical therapy should be considered. More experience with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is necessary to determine its precise role in managing atherosclerotic renal vascular disease in the elderly. PMID- 3157739 TI - Grace A. Goldsmith Award lecture. Trace element regulation of immunity and infection. AB - Protein-calorie malnutrition is associated with impaired immunocompetence and increased susceptibility to infection. Clinically evident nutritional deficiency syndromes, however, are composite of deficits of many essential nutrients, each of which may exert an important regulating effect on immunity. Among other nutrients, several trace elements have been shown to regulate immune responses, particularly cell-mediated immunity. Zinc undernutrition results in lymphoid atrophy and reduced capacity to respond to many T-cell-dependent antigens. Plaque forming cell response to heterologous erythrocytes is decreased, as is the function of B cells. In zinc deficient rodents, the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes in the spleen is reduced. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity is largely unchanged. In acrodermatitis enteropathica, lymphocyte proliferation response to mitogens is decreased and there are significant changes in delayed hypersensitivity responses and in the proportion of various T cell subsets. Neutrophil function is not changed by zinc deficiency. Iron deficiency results in a slight decrease in the number of rosette-forming T cells and a significant impairment of lymphocyte response to mitogens and antigens. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are unable to kill ingested bacteria and fungi in an efficient manner. Copper deficiency impairs cell-mediated immunity, as does selenium deficiency when it is associated with vitamin E lack. Several pathogenetic mechanisms may underlie such alterations in immunity. Many heavy metals impair immune responses. These effects of trace elements on immunity may have important fundamental and practical implications. PMID- 3157740 TI - Plasma beta-endorphin levels after exercise. PMID- 3157741 TI - Effects of gamma-irradiation on the infective larvae of Bunostomum trigonocephalum (Rud., 1808) in lambs. AB - Infective larvae of Bunostomum trigonocephalum exposed to gamma-irradiation at 60 kr failed to develop in the lamb. At levels of 20 and 40 kr, the infectivity of the larvae was reduced and fewer worms developed with a predominating female population. The worms developing from the irradiated larvae were smaller and the sex organs were ill developed. The females developing from larvae irradiated at 40 kr were functionally sterile with atrophied uterus devoid of eggs. PMID- 3157742 TI - Hospital infection caused by non-typable Staphylococcus aureus: application of reverse typing. AB - Hospital infections caused by strains of Staphylococcus aureus non-typable (NT) by phages have occurred in three Spanish hospitals since 1981. Reverse typing allowed characterization of the strains in all three cases. PMID- 3157744 TI - Epidemiology of allergic diseases of the respiratory passages in the Kazakh SSR. AB - Over a period of 20 years, the authors have been studying the distribution, aetiology and causes of increasing incidence of allergic respiratory diseases in various climatogeographic zones of the Kazakh SSR. Large groups of people living in towns and in the country were examined by various methods. The number of patients seeking advice in health service establishments because of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma was found to increase every year. A number of factors influencing the incidence of disease were pointed out, such as the character of diet, duration of the person's stay, vaccination against brucellosis, pollution of the atmosphere, local flora, climate, and other factors. Morbidity also depended on the methods of studying the epidemiology of respiratory allergoses. The obtained results will help health service authorities in taking specific measures to reduce morbidity from the mentioned pathological condition. PMID- 3157743 TI - Chromium: a review of environmental and occupational toxicology. AB - The following topics are covered in this brief review on the environmental and occupational toxicology of chromium: occurrence, production and uses of chromium and chromium compounds; experimental toxicology; chromium toxicity for man; hygienic and ecologic aspects of chromium contamination of the environment. The review provides a conclusive evidence which suggests that chromium, especially its hexavalent form, is both toxic and carcinogenic, but its trivalent form is physiologically essential in the metabolism of insulin. It is also emphasized that among the major sources of environmental chromium today are the cement industry and the increasingly widespread use of chromium compounds added as an anticorrosion admixture to a variety of cooling systems, e.g. in large power plants, which may greatly contribute to the overall pollution of outdoor air at the sites. PMID- 3157745 TI - In vivo treatment of neonatal mice with anti-I-A antibodies interferes with the development of the class I, class II, and Mls-reactive proliferating T cell subset. AB - In this study we investigated the effect of monoclonal anti-I-A Ab treatment of neonatal mice on the development of alloreactive class I-specific, class II specific, and Mls-specific T cell proliferative responses. Responses to both class I and class II alloantigens, as well as to Mls antigens, were nearly abrogated at the end of the 2- to 3-wk in vivo treatment period in both the thymus and the spleen. Development of suppressor cells could be excluded as the cause of the observed defect. Diminished responsiveness could not be restored by the addition of IL 2-containing supernatant, suggesting that the reduced T cell proliferative response in anti-I-A-treated mice is due to defective or absent MHC specific T cell precursors. Furthermore, generation of alloreactive class I specific proliferative responses was dependent on self-class II recognition, thus providing an explanation for the absence of class I-specific proliferating T cells. Finally, a non-Ia-restricted T cell response, i.e., Con A-induced proliferation, was not affected by anti-I-A Ab treatment. It was previously reported that neonatal anti-Ia Ab treatment results in reduced Ia-antigen expression in the thymus, and that the development of the class I-specific CTL precursors proceeds undisturbed in these mice. The present results extend these findings and suggest that in vivo development of class II-restricted T cells is dependent on interaction with Ia-encoded products on cells either in the thymus or at other sites where T cells undergo development. Moreover, these results demonstrate that in vivo development of the alloreactive class II-specific T cell repertoire is dependent on development of self-class II recognition. PMID- 3157746 TI - Novel mechanisms of specific suppression of anti-hapten antibody response mediated by monoclonal anti-carrier antibody. AB - The cellular mechanisms of the antibody-induced suppression of immune responses were analyzed in the keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) system. Some of the monoclonal anti-KLH antibodies, like KLH-specific suppressor T cell factor (KLH TsF), were demonstrated to suppress the anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl IgG but not IgM plaque-forming cell responses in a KLH-specific and H-2-restricted manner. The anti-KLH antibodies with suppressive activity reacted with, and in turn, stimulated the suppressor hybridoma (34S-281) with the anti-idiotypic receptor complementary to the idiotypic KLH-TsF of the inducer type. Moreover, because the suppressive activity of the anti-KLH antibody was completely abolished by the treatment of responding spleen cells with anti-Lyt-2 and complement, it was apparent that the suppressive antibody activated suppressor T cell pathways. The isotype or affinity of antibodies is not related to the suppressive activity, because suppressive and nonsuppressive antibodies possess a similar affinity belonging to the same Ig isotypes. It also has been demonstrated that the Fc portion is not the functional site, because the F(ab')2 fragment still has the activity. The antibody specificity is found to be important for determining whether the antibody is suppressive or not. In fact, anti-KLH 26, but not other antibodies without activity, recognizes the particular KLH epitope seen by KLH TsF, and exclusively interacts with the anti-idiotypic suppressor T cells. Thus, the anti-idiotypic suppressor T cell receives signals both from the suppressive anti-KLH antibody and from KLH-TsF, and transmits the antibody-induced suppressor signals to the effector-suppressor pathway. The size of the repertoire of anti idiotypic suppressor T cells involved in the suppression seems to be very limited, because only four out of 120 monoclonal anti-KLH antibodies were found to have suppressor activity. The possible mechanisms of the cell interaction mediated by the suppressive antibody are discussed. PMID- 3157747 TI - Mouse peritoneal macrophages plated on mannan- and horseradish peroxidase-coated substrates lose the ability to phagocytose by their Fc receptors. AB - Ligand-conjugated substrates were used to study mouse macrophage receptor-ligand interactions. Both resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages plated on substrates conjugated with mannans and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), ligands for the Man/GlcNAc receptor, lost their ability to phagocytose zymosan. In addition, these macrophages also lost their ability to phagocytose IgG-coated erythrocytes (E(IgG] via their Fc receptors (FcR). The abrogation of Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis occurred as early as 4 hr after macrophage plating on HRP-coated substrates and was dependent on the amount of HRP conjugated to the substrate. Macrophages plated on those substrates showed a 70% reduction in E(IgG) binding and the same decrease (approximately 35%) in binding of 125I-labeled Fab fragment of monoclonal anti-IgG2b FcR antibody as macrophages plated on dinitrophenyl-anti dinitrophenyl IgG immune complexes. We interpret these results as showing that modulation of macrophage mannose/GlcNAc receptors induces modulation of FcR. PMID- 3157748 TI - Functional analysis of cloned macrophage hybridomas. IV. Induction and inhibition of mixed lymphocyte responses. AB - A series of macrophage (M phi) hybridomas were generated by fusion of drug-marked P388D1 (H-2d) tumor cells with CKB (H-2k) splenic adherent cells. The ability of this panel of cloned M phi hybridomas expressing various levels of surface Ia antigens to induce allogeneic mixed lymphocytes responses (MLR) was examined. All MLR stimulatory M phi hybridomas expressed surface Ia antigens. However, some Ia+ and all Ia- M phi hybridomas were unable to induce vigorous MLR responses. Furthermore, even after induction of surface Ia antigen expression with Con A supernatants (Con A Sn) or purified interferon-gamma, the nonstimulatory M phi hybridomas remained ineffective at inducing strong MLR proliferative responses. Furthermore, addition of the latter M phi hybridoma clones (both with and without Con A Sn treatment) to conventional MLR cultures resulted in inhibition of MLR responses. The series of inhibitory M phi hybridomas secreted normal levels of IL 1 upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. After surface Ia induction with Con A Sn, the inhibitory M phi hybridomas could stimulate secretion of IL 2 and expression of IL 2 receptors. Moreover, although they inhibited conventional MLR responses, IL 2 production and IL 2 receptor expression were not significantly inhibited. Addition of these M phi hybridomas 24 to 48 hr after initiation of MLR response also inhibited MLR proliferation. The results indicated that the group of inhibitory M phi hybridomas can inhibit MLR responses after IL 2 secretion and acquisition of IL 2 receptors. Finally, this inhibitory activity has been maintained during 1 yr of continuous in vitro culture, and the hybridomas represent a stable "homogeneous" subpopulation of inhibitory macrophages. Thus, the inhibitory phenotype appears to reflect arrest at a distinct differentiation stage. PMID- 3157749 TI - Stimulation and inhibition of human T cell subsets by wheat germ agglutinin. AB - Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), a tetravalent lectin, has both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on human T lymphocytes. It has been suggested that these actions are related and that WGA selectively stimulates a suppressive subset of T cells. We studied the ability of WGA to stimulate and inhibit subpopulations of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) known to have helper or suppressor activity. Fresh human PBMC were depleted of either T4+ or T8+ cells by using antibody-mediated complement lysis. The resultant cell populations were stimulated with WGA, and the proliferative response was assessed by [3H]thymidine incorporation, IL 2 receptor expression, the ability to elaborate IL 2 in culture supernatants, and the susceptibility to inhibition by the monoclonal antibody anti-Tac. Similar experiments with cells from a WGA-responsive continuous T cell culture were also performed. WGA inhibited phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced proliferation of PBMC depleted of either T4+ or T8+ cells. WGA also inhibited PBMC that had been depleted of adherent cells and Ia+ cells and then induced to proliferate with a combination of TPA and PHA. Our findings indicate that WGA induces IL 2-dependent proliferation in a small proportion of both T4+ and T8+ lymphocytes. We also provide evidence that the inhibitory activity of WGA is not mediated by a T4+, T8+, or Ia+ cell, suggesting that WGA acts directly on the proliferating cell rather than selectively stimulating a suppressive subpopulation. PMID- 3157750 TI - The isolation and characterization of the human helper inducer T cell subset. AB - Monoclonal antibody anti-4B4 was produced by fusing NS1 myeloma with spleen cells of a mouse immunized with Saguinus oedipus lymphocyte. This anti-4B4 antibody defines a 135-KD cell surface protein that is widely distributed throughout the hematopoietic system. More importantly, anti-4B4 is reactive with functionally unique human T cell subsets. Anti-4B4 antibody was reactive with approximately 41% of unfractionated T cells, 41% of T4+ inducer cells, and approximately 43% of T8+ cytotoxic/suppressor population. This antibody subdivided peripheral blood T4+ cells into two functionally distinct populations. The T4+4B4+ subset proliferates relatively poorly upon stimulation with Con A and autologous cell antigens (AMLR) but well on exposure to soluble antigens, and it provides a good helper signal for PWM-induced Ig synthesis. The T4+4B4- subset, in contrast, proliferates well to Con A stimulation and autologous cell antigen (AMLR) but relatively poorly to soluble antigen stimulation, and provides little help to B cells for PWM-induced Ig synthesis. The T4+4B4- subset is largely 2H4+ and functions as the inducer of the T8+ suppressor cells. Thus, the present results suggest that one can divide the human T4 population into two major subsets that are phenotypically and functionally distinct, the human helper inducer subset (T4+4B4+/H.I.) and its reciprocal population defined by anti-2H4, the suppressor inducer subset (T4+2H4+/S.I.). PMID- 3157751 TI - Immunological studies of aging. XI. Age-related changes in idiotype repertoire of suppressor T cells stimulated during tolerance induction. AB - Tolerance was induced in young and old mice by the i.v. injection of TNP-modified syngeneic spleen cells. The tolerant state was associated with the development of hapten-specific suppressor T cells. The specificity of suppressor T cells was studied by transferring T cells from tolerant donors to normal, nonirradiated, syngeneic recipients, which were then immunized with TNP-Ficoll or TNP-bovine gamma-globulin. Suppressor T cells induced in young mice depressed the plaque forming cell response of young but not old mice to both antigens. Similarly, suppressor T cells induced in old mice depressed the response in old but not young mice. These findings suggest that aging is associated with changes in idiotype repertoire which influence the specificity of the suppressor T cells present in tolerant mice. PMID- 3157752 TI - Induction of human T lymphocyte motility by interleukin 2. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL 2) is known to have multiple immunoenhancing activities that are related to its ability to promote the proliferation and the expression of effector functions of human T lymphocytes. We investigated the potential of IL 2 to induce human T lymphocyte migration. Unstimulated T cells did not respond to IL 2, but T cells exposed to dextran or phytohemagglutinin did respond to IL 2 concentrations from 0.01 to 10.0 U/ml, with significantly increased migration. This activity could be specifically blocked with anti-Tac antibody. Analysis of T lymphocyte subsets revealed that OKT4+ but not OKT8+ lymphocytes responded to IL 2 in the chemotaxis assay. Checkerboard analysis demonstrated that the IL 2 induced chemoattractant activity was predominantly chemotactic rather than chemokinetic in nature. The activity of IL 2 was compared with that of another chemoattractant lymphokine, lymphocyte chemoattractant factor, which was found to stimulate lymphocyte migration without prior exposure to mitogen, and which was not inhibited by anti-Tac. Our data suggest that the lymphocyte migratory response to IL 2 is under the control of the inducible receptor recognized by anti-Tac in a manner similar to the proliferative response to IL 2, but differs from proliferation in its OKT4+ cell specificity. PMID- 3157753 TI - Enhancing effect of IFN-gamma on helper T cell activity and IL 2 production. AB - A single injection of young murine immune interferon (IFN-gamma) in young (3 mo) or old (14 to 24 mo) mice 3 days before carrier-priming significantly enhances helper T cell activity of their spleen cells. Maximal enhancement is attained when IFN-gamma is injected once immediately before priming or for 4 consecutive days from the time of priming. Helper activity for anti-TNP antibody response was titrated in vitro by adding graded numbers of spleen cells from HRBC-primed mice of a given age to cultures containing a constant number of spleen cells from 3-mo old normal mice and TNP-HRBC. When T cell-enriched spleen cells from HRBC-primed young or old mice, uninjected or injected with IFN-gamma, were separated by nylon wool filtration into passed (Thi) and adherent (Th2) cells, the helper activity of both T cell subpopulations was found to be enhanced by IFN-gamma injection. Helper activity of purified Th1 and Th2 cells was also increased by their in vitro preincubation with IFN-gamma. Furthermore, interleukin 2 (IL 2) production by mitogen-activated spleen cells from young and old mice is enhanced by addition of IFN-gamma to cultures. These data altogether indicate that IFN-gamma plays an important role in immunoregulation of helper T cell activity. PMID- 3157754 TI - B lymphocyte regulation of the immune system. II. Inhibition of Fc receptor expression of lymphocytes by BEF, a lymphokine of B cell origin. AB - Recently, we described a new lymphokine of B cell origin, capable of selectively preventing the differentiation of T suppressor cells from the precursor into the effector stage. As a result, antibody production against various antigens is markedly increased. We termed this lymphokine B cell-derived enhancing factor (BEF). To discern the mechanism(s) by which BEF interferes with the activation of T suppressor cells, experiments were undertaken to explore the effect of BEF on the induction of Fc receptors (FcR). The induction of FcR on T cells has been implicated in the down-regulation of antibody synthesis, and it has been suggested that the expression of FcR for a given immunoglobulin precedes the release of factors with regulatory functions for the corresponding isotype. In the experiments reported here, murine spleen cells were incubated for 24 hr in the presence of IgG1 or IgA monoclonal antibodies, were washed, and the number of FcR gamma 1+ and FcR alpha+ cells were calculated by a rosette assay. The effect of BEF was studied either during the inductive phase or before, i.e., by pretreating the cells with BEF for 18 hr at 37 degrees C before the inductive phase. Our results show that BEF abolishes, in a dose-dependent manner, the expression of isotype-specific FcR in spleen cells when present during the inductive phase, as well as when cells are pretreated with it. In successive experiments, we tested the effect of BEF on the induction of FcR on T cell enriched or B cell-enriched spleen cells. The results show that BEF is effective in selectively inhibiting FcR expression on T lymphocytes, but not on B lymphocytes, once isolated from the total spleen cell population. These findings provide further insight into the mechanism by which BEF modulates the immune response, and suggest that different mechanisms may be involved in the induction of FcR on T and B lymphocytes, respectively. PMID- 3157755 TI - Osmotic stress and the freeze-thaw cycle cause shedding of Fc and C3b receptors by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - A major problem in the cryopreservation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) is the loss of phagocytic function in cryopreserved cells. This is not a problem with cryopreserved monocytes. To study the reasons for this difference in detail, PMN and monocytes were either osmotically stressed in hypertonic media or were frozen to various temperatures. Cells were then returned to conditions of physiologic osmolarity and temperature. All cells remained viable. However, the ability of PMN to phagocytize bacteria and to bind sheep erythrocytes (E) opsonized with IgG, C3b, or C3bi decreased sharply after exposure to media of 600 mOsM or greater and after freezing to -1.5 degrees C. In contrast, monocytes were unaffected until a concentration of 1500 mOsM or a freezing temperature of -5 degrees C was exceeded. To determine whether the functional losses of surface receptor activity in PMN resulted from a loss of receptors from the membranes or from inactivation or internalization of receptors, opsonized E were incubated in the supernatants from stressed PMN. On subsequent incubation with healthy PMN, these E made fewer rosettes than control opsonized E. The inhibitory effect of the supernatants on rosetting of IgG-sensitized E could be removed by preincubation with IgG bound to Sepharose 4B. Immunoprecipitation of C3b and C3bi receptors from surface-iodinated, osmotically stressed, and control PMN suggested that about 50% of cell surface complement receptors were lost from the cell surface during osmotic stress. These experiments suggest that receptors for IgG and C3 are extruded from PMN cell membranes as a result of hyperosmotic stress, which is associated with the freeze-thaw cycle. This may be an early event in the functional damage done to PMN during attempts at cryopreservation. PMID- 3157758 TI - [Changes in placental enzymatic activities in relation to estrogen production during pregnancy]. AB - To study the mechanism of production of estrogen during pregnancy, the following in vitro and in vivo studies were undertaken; 1) Weight of human placenta and total estradiol (E2) levels in the maternal peripheral vein were measured at different weeks of gestation. 2) Changes in E2 levels after DHA-S 100mg loading were calculated at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters. 3) Steroid enzyme activities including sulfatase, 3 beta-HSD and aromatase in placenta obtained in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters were measured. Results were as follows; 1) The weight of the human placenta increased gradually as gestation progressed. Twofold placental weight was noticed from the 2nd to the 3rd trimester. 2) Total E2 in the maternal peripheral vein increased steadily, being 4.07 +/- 1.74 ng/ml at the 1st trimester, 27.72 +/- 11.67 ng/ml and 104.12 +/- 57.89 ng/ml at the 2nd and 3rd trimesters respectively. The increase in E2 from the 2nd to the 3rd trimester was greater than that of the placental weight. 3) Increases in E2 following DHA-S loading were 1.01 ng/ml at the 1st, 29.2 ng/ml at the 2nd and 98.2 ng/ml at the 3rd trimester. 4) No significant differences were observed between placental 3 beta-HSD and sulfatase activities in the placenta obtained at the three different stages of pregnancy, while aromatase activity was found to be significantly higher in the placenta of the 3rd trimester than that of 2nd trimester. These results indicate that the remarkable increase in estrogen production in the 3rd trimester may be explained partially by increased aromatizing enzyme activity in the placenta. PMID- 3157757 TI - Anti-idiotypic antibodies: implications of internal image-based vaccines for infectious diseases. PMID- 3157756 TI - Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody that binds Reed Sternberg cells. AB - A murine monoclonal antibody, termed HeFi-1, was produced after immunization with the L428 Hodgkin's disease tissue culture cell line. HeFi-1 selectively stained only the Reed-Sternberg or Hodgkin's cells in 18 of 18 cases of Hodgkin's disease, including the nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, and lymphocyte depleted histologic subtypes. HeFi-1 did not stain any cells in normal lung, brain, salivary gland, thyroid, gall bladder, pancreas, liver, testis, breast, endometrium, or kidney. Rare large cells at the edge of the lymphoid follicles were stained in normal tonsil, colon, and hyperplastic thymus. There was no staining of any cells in 14 cases of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; however, the malignant cells in three of 11 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which appeared to express T cell markers were also stained with HeFi-1. Tissue culture cell lines including the T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia lines MOLT4 and CEM, the histiocytic cell line U-937, and the amniotic cell line WISH were not stained. Seven Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines were stained with HeFi-1, but there was no staining of three EBV+ African Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines or three EBV- American Burkitt's cell lines. HeFi-1 did not block the ability of the L428 cells to stimulate a mixed lymphocyte reaction or function as accessory cells for mitogen-induced human T cell proliferative responses. Modulation of the HeFi-1 cell surface antigen on the L428 cells was not observed. HeFi-1 specifically immunoprecipitated a cell surface protein of approximately 120,000 daltons from both the L428 and EBV+ lymphoblastoid cell lines. HeFi-1 monoclonal antibody should prove useful not only in the diagnosis, staging, and potential therapy of Hodgkin's disease, but also for determining the cell of origin of the Reed-Sternberg cell. PMID- 3157760 TI - Spinal joint blocking. AB - The paper describes the history, symptoms and clinical findings of a typical spinal segmental strain with joint blocking. Also provided are an overview and discussion of joint blocking theories. A mechanism is hypothesized whereby joint blocking may be viewed as an actively maintained, reversible, biomechanical phenomenon. The theory proposes that unisegmental multifid and rotator spasm physiologically locks the motion segment. The axes of motion shift towards one facet joint and mobility becomes blocked by the inability of the segment to articulate about its new axis. Manipulative cavitation initiates restoration of the axes of motion, collapse of muscle spasm and recovery of mobility with an immediate reduction of symptoms. PMID- 3157759 TI - Latex immunoassay of human serum Lp(a+) lipoprotein. AB - A sensitive latex immunoassay for human serum lipoprotein Lp(a+) is based on direct agglutination by Lp(a+) of latex particles coated with specific antibody. The agglutination is quantified by turbidimetry using a photometer at 360 nm. The stabilization of antibody-coated latex particles by bovine serum albumin occurs under well-defined conditions (pH, concentration of bovine serum albumin, and antibody loading of latex particles). The standard curve of serum lipoprotein Lp(a+) ranges from 0.05 to 1.15 mg/l. Inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation were less than 8% and 3%, respectively. Results were well correlated with those obtained by electroimmunodiffusion (r = 0.98, n = 108). PMID- 3157761 TI - Levels of dopamine and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in hypophysial stalk blood during an oestrogen-stimulated surge of prolactin in the ovariectomized rat. AB - The changes in hypothalamic release of dopamine and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) into the hypophysial portal vascular system during an oestrogen stimulated surge of prolactin in ovariectomized rats were investigated. A single injection of 5 micrograms oestradiol benzoate resulted in a reliable increase in the plasma levels of prolactin during the afternoon 3 days later. Anaesthesia did not block this afternoon surge of prolactin, although its magnitude was only half of that of unanaesthetized rats. Before and during this surge, hypophysial stalk blood was collected into methanol to analyse the hypothalamic release of dopamine and TRH. Immunoreactive TRH in these methanolic extracts eluted as a single peak with the same retention time as authentic TRH on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. In comparison to the morning values, levels of dopamine decreased and those of TRH increased in hypophysial stalk blood by 50 and 240% respectively. These data indicate that hypothalamic dopamine and TRH may be involved in the afternoon surge of prolactin. Daily treatment with parachlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis, reduced the hypothalamic release of TRH by 50%, but did not prevent the afternoon surge of prolactin and TRH induced by oestradiol benzoate. PMID- 3157762 TI - Opioid peptides of the pituitary and hypothalamus: changes in pregnant and lactating rats. AB - Immunoreactive (Ir) beta-endorphin concentrations were determined in plasma, anterior pituitary (AP), neurointermediate pituitary lobe (NIL) and mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) of pregnant (12-14 and 18-20 days) and fertile control rats, during labour and lactation. Immunoreactive Met-enkephalin concentrations were also evaluated in the MBH. Concentrations of Ir beta-endorphin in plasma, AP and NIL of rats during early and late pregnancy were significantly higher than in controls, the plasma and AP contents showing an increasing pattern in the second half of gestation. During labour, Ir beta-endorphin concentrations in plasma and AP reached the highest values, whereas those in NIl remained unchanged. Lactating rats showed Ir beta-endorphin concentrations in NIL and plasma in a range similar to that found in pregnant rats, resulting in concentrations in the AP not significantly different from those of nonpregnant controls. Immunoreactive beta endorphin and Ir Met-enkephalin concentrations in MBH of pregnant rats were almost twice as high as in controls, rising markedly during labour; during lactation levels were in the same range as in non-pregnant controls. These results indicate that pregnancy and labour are characterized by high plasma, pituitary and hypothalamic concentrations of Ir-beta-endorphin as well as by high hypothalamic Ir Met-enkephalin levels, and that Ir beta-endorphin concentrations vary differently during pregnancy, lactation and labour in the two pituitary lobes, supporting the existence of different control mechanisms in the AP and NIL. PMID- 3157764 TI - Connective tissue proteins and phagocytic cell function. Laminin enhances complement and Fc-mediated phagocytosis by cultured human macrophages. AB - Brief exposure of culture-derived human macrophages to laminin, a glycoprotein component of all mammalian basement membranes that has a molecular weight of 1,000,000, led to enhancement of subsequent macrophage phagocytosis of EAC4b, EAC3bi, and EAIgG (sheep erythrocytes sensitized with IgG anti-Forssman antibody). This effect on macrophage phagocytosis occurred with both substrate adherent and fluid phase laminin. Preincubation of macrophages, but not of EAC4b, with laminin led to augmentation of phagocytosis, suggesting that interaction with the phagocytic cell, but not with the opsonized particle, was required for laminin's effect. Laminin-stimulated phagocytosis of EAC4b was blocked entirely by a monoclonal antibody to CR1. Direct comparison of the phagocytic ability of macrophages adherent to laminin- and fibronectin-coated glass slides showed that fibronectin had a somewhat greater enhancing effect on phagocytosis. Nonetheless, the phagocytosis-enhancing effect of laminin was not due to contamination of the purified laminin preparation by fibronectin, since the laminin preparation was free of fibronectin, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; in addition, laminin enhanced phagocytosis was decreased in the presence of laminin-specific antibodies. Laminin inhibited macrophage adherence and spreading, but selection of a laminin-binding macrophage subpopulation could not account for the laminin induced increases in phagocytosis. We hypothesize that interaction with extracellular matrix proteins may represent an important activation stimulus both to the macrophages normally present in the extravascular compartment and to the phagocytic cells that have emigrated from the blood-stream into areas of inflammation. PMID- 3157763 TI - Human genes for three complement components that regulate the activation of C3 are tightly linked. AB - A new cluster of complement component genes, including C4BP, C3bR, and FH, is described. Family segregation data indicate that FH is linked to the genes for C4 bp and C4bR, previously reported to be linked and to maintain linkage disequilibrium. This cluster is not linked to the major histocompatibility complex, which contains the genes for the complement components, C4, C2, and factor B, or to the C3 locus. These data further suggest that the organization of genes for functionally related proteins in clusters may be a rule for the complement system. PMID- 3157766 TI - Effects of stimulus omission and stimulus change on dishabituation of the skin conductance response. AB - Three experiments examined the effects of stimulus omission and stimulus change on dishabituation of the skin conductance response. In all experiments, subjects received 17 tone-light or light-tone (S1-S2) pairings, and the primary manipulations were omission of and change in S2 on Trial 16. Responses to S1 and S2 on Trial 17 constituted the data of primary interest. Experiment 1 (N = 72) demonstrated that omission of an expected stimulus was more effective in producing dishabituation than was presentation of an unexpected but not experimentally novel stimulus. Experiment 2 (N = 60) indicated that both omission of an expected stimulus and presentation of an unexpected and experimentally novel stimulus produced dishabituation. Experiment 3 (N = 72) revealed that both the omission and the miscuing of 52 produced reliable dishabituation. The results are interpreted as indicating the importance of a comparison between current input and the stored representation of previous stimulation in the development of habituation. PMID- 3157767 TI - Reminding as a basis for temporal judgments. AB - In the normal course of events, some events bring to mind earlier events. This reminding or, in the context of list learning experiments, study-phase retrieval can serve as a basis for the accurate judgment of the relative recencies of the two events in question. In this article, evidence for this position is presented in three experiments. By manipulations of encoding using visual imagery instructions and word associations, appropriate conditions were arranged for reminding to occur. The results of all three studies support the position that reminding provides a direct basis for later judgments of the relative recency of events. PMID- 3157765 TI - Absence of platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb/IIIa from monocytes. AB - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunoprecipitation, and crossed immunoelectrophoresis were used in the investigation of glycoproteins IIb/IIIa in platelets, monocytes, and monocyte-derived macrophages from human blood. All techniques detected the glycoproteins in platelets but not in the mononuclear phagocytes. Similar results were obtained by immunochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against the platelet glycoproteins IIb/IIIa (revealed by a gold-labeled second antibody) which bound heavily to the platelet but not to the monocyte surface. The biochemical techniques used for the analysis of mononuclear phagocytes would have reliably detected the level of glycoproteins IIb/IIIa contributed by a 5% contamination with platelets, calculated on a per cell basis. We conclude that human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages lack glycoproteins IIb/IIIa. Our results further indicate that centrifugal elutriation yields monocyte preparations with minimal contamination by platelets. It seems likely that the positive results obtained by other authors were due to the presence of platelets or fragments on the monocytes. PMID- 3157769 TI - Levels of processing and picture memory: the physical superiority effect. AB - Six experiments studied the effect of physical orienting questions (e.g., "Is this angular?") and semantic orienting questions (e.g., "Is this edible?") on memory for unrelated pictures at stimulus durations ranging from 125-2,000 ms. Results ran contrary to the semantic superiority "rule of thumb," which is based primarily on verbal memory experiments. Physical questions were associated with better free recall and cued recall of a diverse set of visual scenes (Experiments 1, 2, and 4). This occurred both when general and highly specific semantic questions were used (Experiments 1 and 2). Similar results were obtained when more simplistic visual stimuli--photographs of single objects--were used (Experiments 5 and 6). As in the case of the semantic superiority effect with words, the physical superiority effect for pictures was eliminated or reversed when the same physical questions were repeated throughout the session (Experiments 4 and 6). Conflicts with results of previous levels of processing experiments with words and nonverbal stimuli (e.g., faces) are explained in terms of the sensory-semantic model (Nelson, Reed, & McEvoy, 1977). Implications for picture memory research and the levels of processing viewpoint are discussed. PMID- 3157768 TI - Effects of priming in word retrieval. AB - Three studies were carried out to investigate orthographic and semantic priming effects in word retrieval. In this paradigm a prime is presented prior to the definition of a target word. The task is to produce the target word. We view the process of word retrieval as requiring access from a conceptually organized semantic network to an orthographically and phonemically organized lexical network. Primes that were orthographically (and phonemically) related to the target words were found to facilitate word retrieval. Both semantically related and unrelated primes inhibited word retrieval. Inhibition from both of these sources is attributed in part to the orthographic unrelatedness of these primes. This explanation is shown to be consistent with data from several other word retrieval studies (Brown, 1979; Roediger, Neely, & Blaxton, 1983). The word retrieval task is contrasted with the lexical decision task. It is suggested that the differential effects of orthographic and semantic priming in word retrieval and lexical decision are due to differences in retrieval processing between the two tasks. PMID- 3157770 TI - Associative storage and retrieval processes in person memory. AB - In this article, a general associative storage and retrieval theory of person memory is proposed, and seven experiments that test various aspects of the theory are reported. Experiment 1 investigated memory for behavioral information that is congruent with, incongruent with, or irrelevant to a prior impression. The results indicated that incongruent events are best recalled and irrelevant events are most poorly recalled. Experiment 2 replicated this effect and demonstrated that there are systematic individual differences that are consistent with the general nomothetic model proposed. The results of Experiment 3 indicated that, relative to a baseline condition, adding incongruent items to the list increases the probability of recalling congruent items but has no effect on the recall of irrelevant items. Both effects are predicted by the model. Experiment 4 provided support for the retrieval assumptions of the theory by demonstrating that there is a systematic order in which various types of items are recalled, as well as consistent differences in interresponse times. Experiments 5 and 6 demonstrated that the model is relevant to situations in which data driven, as well as conceptually driven, processes are involved. Finally, Experiment 7 examined a special case in which the theory predicts greater recall of congruent than incongruent behavioral events. The results of all seven experiments provide converging evidence for a general theory of person memory, and they have implications for a number of issues related to the study of person memory and social judgment. PMID- 3157771 TI - Emotional mood states and retrieval in episodic memory. AB - The effect of an experimentally induced depressed mood state on recall of target words embedded in sentences was examined. The objective was to determine if the induction of a depressed mood can affect output or retrieval from episodic memory. The experimental sequence was as follows: All subjects studied a list of either elaborated or base sentences, rating them for complexity, in an incidental retention paradigm; this was followed by the induction of a depressed or neutral (control) mood, using a standard and a short form of the Velten mood induction procedure; finally, subjects were given an unanticipated cued recall test of the target adjectives. In all tests, subjects showed a reduction in recall owing to the depressed mood, which provided evidence for retrieval effects of the mood state. Elaboration led to superior recall of target items, and there was no effect of delayed recall. The results are briefly discussed within the framework of a resource allocation theory. PMID- 3157772 TI - Priming across modalities and priming across category levels: extending the domain of preserved function in amnesia. AB - Amnesia is considered to reflect the effects of damage to a specific brain system required for elaboration, consolidation, and conscious recollection. The study of amnesia is therefore a useful approach for establishing dissociations of function and for understanding the normal organization of memory functions. Amnesic patients and two control groups were tested in two studies of priming. In the first experiment, as measured by a word completion test, all groups exhibited significant priming effects that were greater within a modality than across modalities. The amnesic patients exhibited normal priming effects both within and across modalities, despite severe impairment in recall. In the second experiment, all groups exhibited significant and equivalent priming of category exemplars when category labels were presented and subjects were asked to produce the first exemplars that came to mind. The results extend the domain in which preserved priming effects can be observed in amnesia and they suggest that features of priming observed in normal subjects describe a capacity that is independent of the brain system damaged in amnesia. PMID- 3157773 TI - Heterogeneity of myofibrillar proteins in lobster fast and slow muscles: variants of troponin, paramyosin, and myosin light chains comprise four distinct protein assemblages. AB - Fast and slow muscles from the claws and abdomen of the American lobster Homarus americanus were examined for adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity and for differences in myofibrillar proteins. Both myosin and actomyosin ATPase were correlated with fiber composition and contractile speed. Four distinct patterns of myofibrillar proteins observed in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels were distinguished by different assemblages of regulatory and contractile protein variants. A total of three species of troponin-T, five species of troponin-I, and three species of troponin-C were observed. Lobster myosins contained two groups of light chains (LC), termed "alpha" and "beta." There were three alpha-LC variants and two beta-LC variants. There were no apparent differences in myosin heavy chain, actin, and tropomyosin. Only paramyosin showed a pattern completely consistent with muscle fiber type: slow fibers contained a species (105 kD) slightly smaller than the principle variant (110 kD) in fast fibers. It is proposed that the type of paramyosin present could provide a biochemical marker to identify the fiber composition of muscles that have not been fully characterized. The diversity of troponin and myosin LC variants suggests that subtle differences in physiological performance exist within the broader categories of fast- and slow-twitch muscles. PMID- 3157774 TI - Release of hyaluronidase and beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase during in vitro incubation of hamster sperm. AB - Previous studies have shown that hamster sperm release a significant amount of hyaluronidase before and independently of the normal acrosome reaction. In this study, we have used improved methods for in vitro incubation to investigate the time course of the release of hyaluronidase and hexosaminidase from hamster sperm. When hamster sperm are incubated in medium which allows capacitation, 34 to 47% of the total mechanically extractable hyaluronidase and 34 to 51% of beta N-acetylhexosaminidase are released into solution prior to and independently of the normal acrosome reaction (ARx). An additional 40 to 50% of the hyaluronidase and 34 to 51% of the hexosaminidase are released at the time of the normal ARx. Control experiments indicate that the early release is not due to the presence of dead sperm in culture and that the normal ARx is required for the second release. Increasing amounts of TCA-precipitated bovine serum albumin in the culture medium stimulated the early (1 hr) release of both enzymes. The data are consistent with the ideas that a significant amount of both enzymes is released from the sperm surface by 1 hr of incubation and that about the same amount of each enzyme is released during the normal ARx. Hyaluronidase and hexosaminidase release at the time of the acrosome reaction was measured for the first time using hamster sperm. The biphasic release of these enzymes may indicate that they have a dual function in fertilization and may help explain how sperm can penetrate the cumulus and corona radiata without undergoing an acrosome reaction. PMID- 3157775 TI - Does an increase in membrane unsaturated fatty acids account for Tween 80 stimulation of glucosyltransferase secretion by Streptococcus salivarius? AB - When Streptococcus salivarius was grown in batch culture in the presence of various Tween detergents, the fatty acid moiety of the detergent was incorporated into the lipids of its membrane. Tween 80 (containing primarily oleic acid) markedly stimulated the production of extracellular glucosyltransferase and also increased the degree of unsaturation of the membrane lipid fatty acids. The possibility that an increase in membrane unsaturated fatty acids promoted extracellular glucosyltransferase production was examined by growing cells at different temperatures in the presence or absence of Tween 80. The membrane lipids of cells grown at 30 degrees C, 37 degrees C and 40 degrees C without Tween 80 exhibited unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratios of 2.06, 1.01 and 0.87 respectively. A significant increase in the production of extracellular glucosyltransferase was observed at 30 degrees C compared to cells grown at 40 degrees C. However, cells produced much more exoenzyme at all temperatures when grown with Tween 80. The results indicated that an increase in the unsaturated fatty acid content of the membrane lipids was not by itself sufficient to account for the stimulation of extracellular glucosyltransferase production by Tween 80, but that the surfactant also had to be present. PMID- 3157777 TI - Decrease in hypothalamic epinephrine concentration and other neurochemical changes produced by quinpirole, a dopamine agonist, in rats. AB - Quinpirole, (4 aR-trans)-4, 4a, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8a, 9-octahydro-5-propyl-1 H-pyrazolo [3, 4-g]quinoline, is a dopamine agonist selective for the D2 subtype of dopamine receptors. In rats, quinpirole at doses of 0.3 mg/kg i.p. and higher decreased hypothalamic epinephrine concentrations. The doses required for this effect are only slightly higher than the minimum doses that decreased the concentration of dopamine metabolites in cerebral hemispheres. At higher doses of quinpirole (2-3 mg/kg i.p.), dopamine concentration was increased and norepinephrine concentration was decreased in hypothalamus, and MHPG sulfate (the norepinephrine metabolite) concentration was increased in brain stem and in hypothalamus. All of these neurochemical effects of quinpirole were blocked by pretreatment with spiperone, a dopamine antagonist. The effects were not produced by SKF 38393, a selective D1 agonist, or by the dextrorotatory enantiomer of quinpirole, which lacks D2 agonist activity. The data support the interpretation that quinpirole, by activating D2 receptors, results in a decrease in dopamine metabolites, a decrease in hypothalamic epinephrine concentration, and an increased conversion of norepinephrine to MHPG sulfate in rat brain probably through enhanced norepinephrine release. PMID- 3157776 TI - Properties of the germination inhibitor of Streptomyces viridochromogenes spores. AB - Germinating spores of Streptomyces viridochromogenes excreted a substance into the surrounding medium which inhibited germination of another sample of the spores. The germination inhibitor (GI) was produced during submerged culture after exponential growth had ceased. The GI was purified 51-fold following extraction from growth liquor with chloroform. It was soluble in alcohol and water and had a molecular weight of less than 1000. The GI blocked growth and respiration of some Gram-positive bacteria and was an inhibitor of the membrane bound, but not solubilized, calcium-dependent ATPase of germinated spores and mycelia of the producing organism. Several sodium-potassium activated ATPases were also inhibited. All four activities (respiration, growth, germination inhibition, ATPase) co-purified during column and thin-layer chromatography. The GI activities released during germination and produced during growth were identical. A role for the GI antibiotic in regulation of dormancy of spores of the producing organism is discussed. PMID- 3157778 TI - Characterization of 5-hydroxytryptamine binding sites in the plasma membrane of pig blood platelets. AB - Plasma membranes were isolated from pig platelets after glycerol facilitated lysis by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The purity of the membrane fraction was followed by electron microscopy, gel electrophoresis and analysis of acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) and phosphodiesterases (EC 3.1.4.1). (3H)5 Hydroxytryptamine ([3H]5-HT) was bound to two saturable binding sites of the membranes. The KD value for the high affinity sites was 0.85 nM and for the low affinity sites 0.48 microM. With the exception of tryptamines little or no (3H)5 HT was displaced by serotonin antagonists and uptake inhibitors suggesting another type of binding than that of 5-HT1. Apparently, enhancement of binding in the presence of Na+ was due to stimulation of an uptake process. Binding of (3H)ketanserin and (3H)LSD to pig platelet membranes showed the characteristics of 5-HT2 binding sites previously identified in rat brain. Since ketanserin inhibited 5-HT induced aggregation of pig platelets (IC50 = 14.2 nM), the ketanserin binding sites can be classified as 5-HT2 receptors. The functional properties of these binding sites and their density in pig platelets as compared with brain membranes may motivate studies on 5-HT2 receptors in pig platelets as models for those in nerve endings. PMID- 3157779 TI - Mg-ATPase and Torpedo cholinergic synaptic vesicles. AB - The reported presence of Mg-ATPase activity in cholinergic synaptic vesicles from the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata was reinvestigated in view of possible contamination of vesicles by other subcellular fractions. After dilution in concentrated sucrose, the vesicular fraction isolated on a sedimentation sucrose gradient was purified further on a flotation density gradient. It appears that this treatment allows separation of the vesicles according to their content. The two vesicular content markers, acetylcholine and ATP, are recovered as sharp coincident peaks at a density close to 0.48 M sucrose. Empty vesicles are identified in denser regions by the protein pattern on gel electrophoresis which is identical to the pattern obtained for filled vesicles. Refractionation of vesicles depleted of their acetylcholine content by valinomycin leads to an extreme picture, with a massive shift of the vesicles toward denser regions. We have then shown that a ouabain-insensitive Mg-ATPase is indeed associated with the vesicle membrane, but the activity is fully apparent only when vesicles are permeabilized either as the result of the fractionation procedure or after detergent treatment. The relative insensitivity of the Mg-ATPase associated with the synaptic vesicles to oligomycin, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and azide indicates that this enzyme differs from the classic F1F0 mitochondrial enzyme. The most striking finding is the sensitivity to vanadate of the vesicular Mg ATPase, which suggests the involvement of a phosphorylated intermediate. On the basis of both the difference in inhibitor sensitivity between untreated and detergent-treated vesicles and of the pronase experiments, the possibility that the enzyme has an inward orientation is discussed. PMID- 3157780 TI - [3H]8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin binding to pre- and postsynaptic 5 hydroxytryptamine sites in various regions of the rat brain. AB - The specific binding of [3H]8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin ([ 3H]8-OH DPAT) to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-related sites was investigated in several regions of the rat brain. Marked differences were observed in the characteristics of binding to membranes from hippocampus, striatum, and cerebral cortex. Hippocampal sites exhibited the highest affinity (KD approximately 2 nM) followed by the cerebral cortex (KD approximately 6 nM) and the striatum (KD approximately 10 nM). Ascorbic acid inhibited specific [3H]8-OH-DPAT binding in all three regions but millimolar concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+ enhanced specific binding to hippocampal membranes, whereas only Mn2+ increased it in the cerebral cortex and all three cations inhibited specific binding to striatal membranes. Guanine nucleotides (0.1 mM GDP, GTP) inhibited binding to hippocampal and cortical membranes only. As intracerebral 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine markedly decreased [3H]8-OH-DPAT binding sites in the striatum, but not in the hippocampus, the striatal sites appear to be on serotoninergic afferent fibers. In contrast, in the hippocampus the sites appear to be on postsynaptic 5-HT target cells, as local injection of kainic acid decreased their density. Both types of sites appear to be present in the cerebral cortex. The postsynaptic hippocampal [3H]8-OH-DPAT binding sites are probably identical to the 5-HT1A subsites, but the relationship between the presynaptic binding sites and the presynaptic autoreceptors controlling 5-HT release deserves further investigation. PMID- 3157781 TI - Characterization of [3H]ouabain binding sites in human brain, platelet, and erythrocyte. AB - [3H]Ouabain binding was investigated in membranes prepared from human brain, erythrocyte, and platelet. Scatchard analysis of [3H]ouabain binding to human hypothalamic membranes revealed a single class of noninteracting binding sites with an apparent affinity constant (KD) of 21 nM. Though the number of [3H]ouabain binding sites was lower in human platelets than in erythrocytes, both tissues exhibited a single class of high-affinity binding sites with an apparent KD similar to that found in human brain. Specific [3H]ouabain binding in basal ganglia tissue from patients with Huntington's disease was more than 50% lower than in tissue from age- and sex-matched controls. These results, along with previous findings in rat brain, suggest that high-affinity [3H]ouabain binding labels the neuronal form of Na, K-ATPase in human brain, and may prove useful in quantitating this enzyme in postmortem brain samples. PMID- 3157782 TI - Complete conversion of brain D2 dopamine receptors from the high- to the low affinity state for dopamine agonists, using sodium ions and guanine nucleotide. AB - Since previous work had shown that brain D2 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine) receptors were only partly converted from their high-affinity state to their low-affinity state, we here tested whether it was possible to obtain a complete 100% conversion of these receptors into their low-affinity state. It was first essential to resolve the components of [3H]spiperone binding to dopaminergic sites and nondopaminergic sites in rat striatal homogenates. In the presence of 50 microM S-sulpiride (to occlude the dopaminergic sites), therefore, we first determined that the residual binding of [3H]spiperone (approximately 20%) was inhibited by serotonergic agonists much more effectively than dopamine or noradrenaline, thus identifying the serotonergic component of [3H]spiperone binding. Thus, dopamine (or ADTN) inhibited the binding of [3H]spiperone at a high-affinity site (with dissociation constant of 10 nM dopamine), at a low affinity site (with dissociation constant of 2,000 nM dopamine), and at the serotonergic site (with dissociation constant of 50,000 nM dopamine). In the absence of sodium ions, the high-affinity site was about 50% occupied by [3H]spiperone, and guanine nucleotide had no effect on this proportion. In the presence of 120 mM NaCl, however, the high-affinity site was reduced to 15% and guanine nucleotide completely eliminated this high-affinity site, 100% of the sites having been completely converted to their low-affinity state. Using [3H]N propyl-norapomorphine to label the high-affinity state of the dopamine receptor, 50% conversion into the low-affinity state occurred at 45 mM LiCl, 69 mM NaCl, and 202 mM KCl. We conclude that it is possible to convert brain D2 dopamine receptors completely into their low-affinity state, in the presence of NaCl and a guanine nucleotide, providing that appropriate allowance is made for the serotonergic component of [3H]spiperone binding. PMID- 3157783 TI - Creatine kinase (CK)-linked IgA in Isaacs' syndrome. An immune complex disease? AB - Electrophoresis of serum from a patient with Isaacs' syndrome revealed an atypical creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme pattern which contained an extra band migrating between CK2(MB) and CK3(MM). Immunofixation demonstrated that the extra band was a complex of CK3(MM) and IgA. The presence of this complex seemed to correlate with increased serum CK levels which were associated with the aggravation of symptoms. Immunofluorescence studies on muscle biopsy samples revealed the presence of the complex in the muscle fiber membrane and motor endplate. The existence of CK-linked IgA in an Isaacs' syndrome suggests that an immunological abnormality may play a role in the pathological process of this rare syndrome. PMID- 3157784 TI - Neurotensin immunoreactivity in post-mortem brain is increased in Down's syndrome but not in Alzheimer-type dementia. AB - Neurotensin immunoreactivity and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity were measured in post-mortem brain from 10 cases of Down's syndrome (7 aged 53-63 years, one aged 27 years, one aged 16 months and one aged 10 months), 6 cases of Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD) and 19 control subjects (13 aged 40-88 years and 6 aged 9-18 months). Neurotensin concentrations in anterior and basal hypothalamus, amygdala, septal area, caudate nucleus and temporal cortex were unaltered in ATD. The concentrations of neurotensin were significantly increased in the caudate nucleus, temporal cortex and frontal cortex in the cases of Down's syndrome aged 53-63 years with the neuropathological features of ATD, and were also increased in the cerebral cortex of the 27-year-old, which did not have the neuropathological features of ATD, and in two infant Down's cases. ChAT activity was reduced in the ATD and the 53-63-year-old cases of Down's syndrome, but not in the 27-year or 10-month-old Down's cases. The increased neurotensin concentrations appear to be a feature of Down's syndrome not related to the presence of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles or to a deficit in ChAT activity. PMID- 3157785 TI - Is a circulating neurotoxin involved in the pathogenesis of Huntington's chorea? AB - We tested the hypothesis that the premature neuronal death which occurs in Huntington's chorea (HC) might be the result of a genetically-determined enzymatic failure in the degradation of a circulating neurotoxin of either endogenous of exogenous origin. Infant rats were given daily subcutaneous injections of large quantities of whole serum (for 24 days), or of a concentrated serum ultrafiltrate (for 37 days), obtained from HC patients or control subjects. Animals were killed 4 months after the end of injections, and their striata were examined neurochemically. There was a significant but small (16%) reduction in the mean striatal content of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in rats treated with whole serum from HC patients, but no striatal GABA deficiency was observed in rats treated with ultrafiltrates of serum from HC patients. Nor did these rats have any reduction in their striatal choline acetyltransferase activity. We conclude that if a circulating neurotoxin does contribute to the pathogenesis of HC, it must either be a small molecule which is tightly bound to serum proteins, or less likely a large compound with a molecular weight greater than 10 000. PMID- 3157786 TI - Hepatobiliary scintigraphy in patients receiving hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy. AB - Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy is used in the treatment of certain selected hepatic tumors, especially metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon. Chemical cholecystitis has been recognized recently as a complication of hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy. We performed hepatobiliary scans on ten patients receiving hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy. All ten patients had abnormal hepatobiliary scintigraphy. We present case reports of three patients with abnormal hepatobiliary scans who have required cholecystectomy for symptoms of chemical cholecystitis to illustrate the clinical, scintigraphic, and pathologic findings in these patients. PMID- 3157788 TI - The National Foundation of Dentistry for the Handicapped. A decade of service to disabled and elderly people, and the dental profession. PMID- 3157787 TI - Electrophoretic analysis of different technetium-99m (SnCl2) methylene diphosphonate complexes. AB - Technetium-99m MDP was prepared from MDP kits from several different sources. The resulting [99mTc]MDP preparations were analyzed by electrophoresis. The results demonstrated the presence of at least four different 99mTc complexes in these preparations. Modified kit preparations were analyzed to show the effects of concentration and pH on formation of the impurities. The electrophoresis results were correlated with scintillation camera imaging studies in rabbits and suggest that hydrolysis of MDP to phosphate and methylphosphate results in formation of 99mTc complexes with poor biological behavior as bone scanning agents. PMID- 3157789 TI - Multiple extractions in a patient with factor VII deficiency. AB - Multiple extractions were carried out in a patient with factor VII deficiency treated with prothrombin complex concentrate. Hemostasis and healing were completely satisfactory. The side effects of prothrombin complex concentrate are discussed. PMID- 3157790 TI - Effects of dietary zinc deficiency on hepatic ornithine carbamoyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities in rats. AB - Hepatic ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activities were measured in six groups of rats: (A) fed a severe zinc-(Zn-) deficient diet (1.98 ppm) for 5 weeks; (B) pair-fed control for group (A); (C) fed a less severe Zn-deficient diet (6.10 ppm) for 5 weeks; (D) pair-fed control for group (C); (E) fed a Zn-supplemented control diet (90.4 ppm) for 5 weeks; and (F) first fed the severe Zn-deficient diet for 5 weeks and then replaced on the Zn-supplemented control diet until a body weight corresponding to the final weight of group (E) was obtained. Hepatic OCT was similar in all these six groups. On the contrary, hepatic ADH was significantly reduced in groups (A) and (C) and in each of the corresponding pair-fed groups, (B) and (D). No differences were found between groups (A) and (B) or between groups (C) and (D). In group (F), ADH activity improved to a level equivalent to that in group (E). The changes in ADH activities were accompanied by changes in the hepatic Zn content. Thus, it is clear that: (1) the hepatic Zn content may not be affected by the amount of Zn intake alone, but by the combination of Zn and food intake; and (2) ADH, and not OCT, reflected the hepatic Zn content. PMID- 3157791 TI - INTRAV and ORAL: BASIC interactive computer programs for estimating pharmacokinetic parameters. AB - Two interactive computer programs, INTRAV and ORAL, were written to permit pharmacokinetic modeling of experimental data and to obtain pertinent values based on derived estimates. Both programs utilize BASIC language and were developed on a microcomputer with graphics capability. Drug concentration in blood, plasma, or serum with time following either nonabsorptive (intravenous) or absorptive (oral or intramuscular) administration is input, and a semilogarithmic display of data appears on a cathode-ray tube (CRT). The user selects limits for various linear segments using a movable cursor. On command, coefficients and exponents for the differential equation which describes those limits is computed and a nonlinear curve is fitted through the data set. Results from statistical tests are available in output formats permitting the user to determine the goodness of the selected limits. Commonly used pharmacokinetic parameters are also computed and appear on the output. Numerous graphic output options are also available to permit comparisons between data sets and/or estimates derived from other computer programs. INTRAV and ORAL were compared with the widely used programs CSTRIP, ESTRIP, and NONLIN. Both INTRAV and ORAL gave estimates which were almost identical with CSTRIP and ESTRIP, whereas those obtained with NONLIN were very similar, although not identical. PMID- 3157792 TI - Synthesis and bronchodilator activity of endo-2-(2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2 phenyl)acetoxy-7-methyl-7- azabicyclo-[2.2.1]heptane methobromide, a potent and long-acting anticholinergic agent. AB - The synthesis of the alpha-cyclopentylmandelate ester of quaternized endo-7 methyl-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol (4, RS-11635) is described. The key step of this synthesis consists of the intramolecular trans-diaxial epoxide opening of 4 (N-methylamino)-1,2-epoxycyclohexane (8) to form the endo-azabicyclic structure 9. Evaluation of anticholinergic bronchodilator activity by intravenous administration in methacholine-challenged guinea pigs indicated 4 to be approximately twice as potent as ipratropium bromide (ED50 of 1.1 versus 2 micrograms/kg) and to have a duration of action nearly five times as long (230 versus 50 min). Evaluation of anticholinergic bronchodilator activity by aerosol administration in methacholine-challenged dogs also indicated 4 to be approximately twice as potent as ipratropium bromide and to have a duration of action nearly three times as long. PMID- 3157793 TI - Fusimotor after-effects on responses of primary endings to test dynamic stimuli in cat muscle spindles. AB - Conditioning stimulation of individual dynamic fusimotor axons, either gamma or beta, leaves after-effects which enhance the responses of primary endings to test stimulation of the same axon applied during slow ramp stretch. These after effects have a long duration, persisting well over 5 min, but are abolished by stretch of large amplitude. The dynamic after-effects also enhance frequencygrams elicited by low-frequency repetitive stimulation during slow ramp stretch, causing single stimuli to become much more effective. When several dynamic axons to the same spindle are isolated, conditioning stimulation of one leaves an after effect to test stimulation of itself and of all other dynamic axons. When two dynamic axons are used for conditioning stimulation, facilitation or occlusion can be demonstrated in their interaction, indicating that they converge on the same intrafusal element. Dynamic after-effects persist during background static fusimotor activity of considerable amplitude, suggesting that static and dynamic actions are quite independent. Dynamic after-effects appear to result from residual changes in the bag fibre, probably from a persistent increase in the number of cross-bridges between thick and thin filaments. These after-effects produce a large increase in the response of primary endings to dynamic fusimotor activity and probably have an important functional role. PMID- 3157794 TI - Effects of stretch on dynamic fusimotor after-effects in cat muscle spindles. AB - Conditioning stimulation of dynamic fusimotor axons leaves persistent after effects which increase the responses of primary endings to test dynamic stimuli. Such after-effects are abolished by muscle stretch. Destruction of these after effects depends on the following. (a) Amplitude of stretch: with symmetrical triangular stretches of moderate velocity, an extension of soleus by 4-5 mm totally abolishes the after-effects. Lesser stretches cause a graded reduction. (b) Velocity of relaxation: for a given amplitude of stretch there is greater destruction of after-effects when it is followed by a slow rate of relaxation than after rapid relaxation. (c) After-effects tested late in ramp stretch are more resistant to destruction by stretch than those increasing test dynamic responses early in ramp stretch. Stretch itself produces after-effects which enhance test responses to dynamic but not to static fusimotor stimulation. Interactions between conditioning dynamic stimulation and stretch suggest that both these effects occur in the same intrafusal elements, the bag fibres. PMID- 3157795 TI - A calcium-dependent reversible permeability increase in microvessels in frog brain, induced by serotonin. AB - The effect of serotonin on brain microvascular permeability was studied by measurement of changes in the electrical resistance of the venular vascular wall, induced by this substance. Intravenous administration of serotonin decreased the electrical resistance in a dose-dependent manner with Kd congruent to 8.2 microM. The maximal decrease in electrical resistance was about 33%. The electrical resistance fell within seconds following the application and returned to the control value after 1-5 min. Serotonin applied to the outside of the brain vessels had no effect on electrical resistance. Pre-treatment with the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist Ketanserin blocked the serotonin response completely. The serotonin response was strongly inhibited by pre-treatment with the calcium-entry blocker verapamil (Isoptin). The findings demonstrate that serotonin reversibly increases blood-brain barrier permeability. The effect is mediated via 5-HT2 receptors located at the luminal surface of the cerebrovascular endothelium and is dependent on mobilization of extracellular Ca2+. PMID- 3157796 TI - Microleakage of composite resin restorations with cementum margins. PMID- 3157798 TI - Surgeon's workshop. Replacement of an abdominal wall defect using expanded PTFE sheet (Gore-tex). PMID- 3157797 TI - Nutritional requirements of Plasmodium falciparum in culture. II. Effects of antimetabolites in a semi-defined medium. AB - A semi-defined minimal medium, in which pantothenic acid is the only vitamin, was used to culture Plasmodium falciparum for the analysis of antimetabolite drugs. Analogs of riboflavin, nicotinamide, pyridoxine, and thiamin inhibited the growth of this parasite; for each drug, effects were much more pronounced after 96 h of exposure compared to 48 h. The most potent drug examined was 8-methylamino-8 desmethyl riboflavin (IC50 value approximately 1.0 X 10(-10) M at 96 h). Avidin, a protein which complexes and thus inactivates biotin, did not affect parasite viability. Other antimalarial drugs, including chloroquine and quinine derivatives and antibiotics, were equipotent in the minimal medium and in RPMI 1640. Four strains of P. falciparum showed only minor differences in sensitivity to these antimetabolites. The use of prolonged drug exposure times and a vitamin depleted medium allowed the preliminary characterization of antimalarial antimetabolites in vitro. PMID- 3157799 TI - The problem of loneliness in the elderly in the community: characteristics of those who are lonely and the factors related to loneliness. AB - Two samples of patients aged over 70 years were selected, one sample from a large urban general practice and one from a randomized rural general practice. Patients were interviewed in order to assess their mental, physical and social well-being. Included in the interview were questions on subjective feelings of loneliness.More patients in the urban practice than in the rural practice reported feeling lonely, the proportion increasing with age in both samples. More women than men experienced feelings of loneliness; widowhood was closely associated with loneliness, particularly recent widowhood. Feelings of loneliness were consistently associated with disability in both study areas. PMID- 3157800 TI - Appearance of beta-hexosaminidase and other lysosomal-like enzymes in the uterine lumen of gilts, ewes and mares in response to progesterone and oestrogens. AB - In one experiment, ovariectomized gilts were treated with corn oil (vehicle), progesterone, oestradiol-17 beta or both steroids. While oestradiol treatment did not stimulate enzyme activity in uterine flushings relative to vehicle-treated animals, gilts treated with progesterone had elevated amounts of all enzymes measured. Progesterone was less effective when co-administered with oestradiol-17 beta. Enzymes were not equally stimulated by progesterone. For example, there was a 909-fold increase in acid phosphatase activity in uterine flushings and a 304 fold increase in beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, but only a 10-fold increase in beta-glucosidase. Endometrial explants from gilts synthesized and secreted radiolabelled beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, suggesting that at least some lysosomal enzymes enter the uterus through secretory processes. In other experiments, changes in beta-N-acetyglucosaminidase in uterine fluids of mares and ewes treated with hormonal regimens similar to those given to the gilts were evaluated. Treatment with the combination of progesterone and oestrogen stimulated accumulation of the enzyme relative to that in vehicle-treated animals. The biochemical properties of porcine beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase were examined in detail. Properties of the uterine enzyme were similar to reported values for lysosomal hexosaminidase. These included molecular weight (82 000-89 000), pH optimum (pH 4.4), presence of two isomers (isoelectric points of 5.5 and 8.0) and ability to hydrolyse substrates for glucosaminidase and galactosaminidase. We conclude that steroids induce the accumulation of lysosomal enzymes in the uterine lumen. The degree of stimulation differed between enzymes, suggesting that those enzymes stimulated to the greatest extent may play an important role in pregnancy. PMID- 3157801 TI - Percutaneous renal angioplasty. PMID- 3157802 TI - Suppressor function of T lymphocytes in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome as assessed by allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture. AB - Nine patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were studied for suppressor cell activity utilizing an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture technique. The patients studied had opportunistic infections and a high incidence of intravenous drug abuse. T lymphocytes of the AIDS patients showed a consistently greater ability to suppress immunoglobulin M (IgM) synthesis by pokeweed mitogen stimulated allogeneic lymphocytes compared to controls (p less than 0.03). In 4 patients, T helper function was studied and compared to controls. Diminished helper cell function was consistently observed (p less than 0.01). All AIDS patients had leu 3a/leu 2a ratios of less than 0.9. However, a statistical correlation between the helper/suppressor cell ratio and suppressor activity was not demonstrated. Functional tests of T lymphocytes may be of value in assessing immunocompetence in patients with altered lymphocyte subset ratios. PMID- 3157803 TI - The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in cord blood lymphocytes: altered kinetics and magnitude of proliferative response compared to the adult autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - In the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) T lymphocytes proliferate in response to stimulation by autologous non-T mononuclear cells. The AMLR has characteristics of a cell mediated immune response, and is thus thought to play a role in immune regulation. Cord blood lymphocytes often function differently than do adult lymphocytes. To determine if the AMLR in cord blood differed from that of adults, the kinetics and magnitude of the proliferative response in the AMLR was studied in 20 cord bloods and 14 adults. The magnitude of the AMLR was significantly lower in the cord cells compared to the adult response on all days tested except days 1 and 2. On the first 2 days of culture the cord cells had a higher proliferative response than the adult cells, but this could be accounted for by the high spontaneous proliferation in the cord cells. PMID- 3157804 TI - The J gene of bacteriophage phi X174: in vitro analysis of J protein function. AB - The J protein of phi X174 is a small, highly basic protein and is a component of the phage capsid. We have investigated the role of J protein during single stranded viral DNA synthesis and phage morphogenesis by using an in vitro system composed of purified viral and host components (Aoyama et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80:4195-4199, 1983). The characterization of the products made in the presence and absence of J protein shows that J protein is not required for viral DNA synthesis, but is required for the packaging of DNA into infectious phage. The ability of J protein to bind to double-stranded DNA as well as single stranded DNA and other interactions with DNA suggest a model in which J protein binds to double-stranded, replicative form DNA and enters the phage prohead by remaining bound to viral DNA as it is encapsidated. PMID- 3157805 TI - Isolation and characterization of the bacteriophage T4 tail-associated lysozyme. AB - Direct evidence has been obtained that the tail-associated lysozyme of bacteriophage T4 (tail-lysozyme) is gp5, which is a protein component of the hub of the baseplate. Tails were treated with 3 M guanidine hydrochloride containing 1% Triton X-100, and the tail-lysozyme was separated from other tail components by preparative isoelectric focusing electrophoresis as a peak with a pI of 8.4. The molecular weight as determined from sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis was 42,000. The tail-lysozyme was unambiguously identified as gp5 when the position of the lysozyme was compared with that of gp5 of tube-baseplates from 5ts1/23amH11/eL1ainfected Escherichia coli cells by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The tail-lysozyme has N-acetylmuramidase activity and the same substrate specificity as gene e lysozyme; the optimum pH is around 5.8, about 1 pH unit lower than for the e lysozyme. We assume that the tail-lysozyme plays an essential role in locally digesting the peptidoglycan layer to let the tube penetrate into the periplasmic space. The tail-lysozyme is presumably also responsible for "lysis from without." PMID- 3157806 TI - Impotence due to the pelvic steal syndrome: treatment by iliac transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 3157807 TI - [Screening for the antagonizing agents against lethal toxicity of neocarzinostatin. I. Inhibitory effects of various drugs on the toxicity of neocarzinostatin in vitro and in vivo]. AB - Neocarzinostatin (NCS) used for the chemotherapy of leukemia and cancers such as stomach, pancreas and bladder, has been pointed out to have the side effects mainly causing leukopenia. In order to prevent these side effects of NCS by systemic administration, we have attempted to inject NCS directly into the tumor tissues and to inactivate NCS leaked from the tissues by the treatment of antidotes for NCS. The present report deals with the influence of some antidotes on the toxicity of NCS in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrated that; Four SH-compounds, such as thiopronin, glutathione (reduced form), sodium thioglycolate and L-cysteine monohydrochloride monohydrate were effective to inactivate antibacterial activity of NCS against M. luteus ATCC 9341 in vitro. It was recognized that acute toxicity of NCS was reduced by pretreatment of these SH compounds and its action was dose related. The LD50 values of NCS intravenous administration in mice increased 5.8- to 24-fold when 150, 300, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg of thiopronin were administered intravenously 2 minutes prior to NCS. And 2.3- to 4.2-fold by 500 and 1,000 mg/kg of glutathione (reduced form), 1.6- to 4.2-fold by 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of sodium thioglycolate, 1.9- to 4.2-fold by 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of L-cysteine monohydrochloride monohydrate respectively. On the other hand, pretreatment of NCS didn't affect the acute toxicity of thiopronin. PMID- 3157808 TI - [Preventive effect of fosfomycin on the renal toxicity of cisplatin]. AB - Cisplatin caused toxic effects in adult male rats, such as renal disturbance, decrease of platelet and WBC, increase of RBC, elevation of GPT and GOT activity, decrease of plasma protein and albumin, loss of body weight gain and lethal effect when treated intravenously with 1 mg/kg/day of cisplatin for 12 days. Fosfomycin (FOM) exerted preventive effects on the renal disturbance, the changes in blood cells and plasma protein and the lethal effect induced by cisplatin when treated with a combination of FOM and cisplatin. However, FOM did not prevent the cisplatin-induced effects on GPT and GOT activity and body weight gain. These results suggest that FOM prevents the cisplatin-induced disturbance of renal and hematopoietic function but does not the cisplatin-induced hepatic disturbance. PMID- 3157810 TI - [Ia positive cells in immunologic reaction in transplantation]. PMID- 3157809 TI - [Changes of peripheral lymphocyte subsets in patients with oral squamous carcinoma]. AB - The distribution of peripheral lymphocyte subsets of 32 patients, who had undergone surgical removal of squamous carcinoma and have evaded recurrence was studied using OK series monoclonal antibodies. The T-lymphocyte subpopulation was reduced in patients who were tumor free for more than 3 years. The helper/inducer T-cell subpopulation was reduced in most of the patients studied, whereas little change was observed in the subpopulation of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. Consequently the ratio of OKT 4+/OKT 8+ was reduced in accordance with the tumor free period. PMID- 3157811 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in a case of left subclavian and brachiocephalic artery stenosis due to aortitis syndrome]. PMID- 3157812 TI - [A case of myositis ossificans with abnormal uptake of 99mTc-MDP and 67Ga citrate]. PMID- 3157813 TI - [A case report of right thigh liposarcoma with concentration of 99mTc-MDP]. PMID- 3157814 TI - [Extraosseous tumor uptake of 99m-Tc-MDP]. PMID- 3157815 TI - Effect of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol on catecholamine secretion from perfused bovine adrenal glands. AB - 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol (PA) evoked a prolonged catecholamine (CA) secretion from perfused bovine adrenal glands. The PA-evoked CA secretion was concentration dependent, required the presence of extracellular calcium and resulted from a direct action of PA on the chromaffin cells. Furthermore, PA reduced Mg2+-ATPase activities in the plasma membrane-rich microsome and granule-rich fraction from the adrenal medulla. These results indicate that PA evokes CA secretion through the actions on both the chromaffin cell membranes and granule membranes. PMID- 3157817 TI - Pharmacological studies of N-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-L-cysteine (SA96) (3). Effects of SA96 on experimental allergic reactions. AB - The effects of an antirheumatic agent, N-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-L cysteine (SA96), were investigated on allergic reactions in rats and guinea pigs. The effects of SA96 were compared with those of D-penicillamine (D-Pc). SA96 given twice orally at the doses of 10 to 50 mg/kg significantly caused inhibitions of 28%, 29% and 44% against passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), reversed cutaneous anaphylaxis (RCA) and reversed passive Arthus (RPA) reactions, which are classified as Type I, Type II and Type III allergic reactions, respectively. D-Pc also showed inhibitions of 30%, 23% and 18% on Type I, Type II and Type III reactions, respectively, and inhibitions on Type II and Type III reactions were not significant. On the other hand, SA96 (10 to 50 mg/kg twice) had no influence on the Type IV allergic reaction, delayed hypersensitivity, while D-Pc (20 mg/kg twice) showed an enhancement of 27% on the Type IV reaction. In the in vitro study, SA96 inhibited the hemolytic complement activity at 10(-4) to 10(-2) M and the macrophage migration at 1 X 10(-4) to 5 X 10(-3) M in a dose dependent manner. These in vitro activities of SA96 were more potent than those of D-Pc. These results showed that SA96 had some different immunopharmacological properties on experimental allergic reactions as compared with those of D-Pc. PMID- 3157816 TI - Protective effects of the antianginal agent nicorandil on arachidonate-induced sudden death in rats: comparison with several antianginal agents and cyclooxygenase inhibitors. AB - In anesthetized rats, intra-carotid injections of arachidonate . Na (20 mg/kg) elicited a marked pressor response, producing death within 10 min in untreated rats. The antianginal agents (nicorandil, nitroglycerin and diltiazem) and cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin and aspirin), applied i.v. or p.o., effectively protected the rats from death. In the surviving rats, these drugs significantly prevented intravascular thrombosis in cerebral vessels and the marked pressor response to arachidonate . Na. The protective mechanism of the antianginal agents tested seems to be different from that of cyclooxygenase inhibitors. PMID- 3157818 TI - Enhanced cloning efficiency of murine rhabdomyosarcoma cells after chlorozotocin treatment: relationship with enhanced lung metastasis. AB - The effect of chlorozotocin [(CZT) CAS: 54749-90-5; 2-(3-(2-chloroethyl)-3 nitrosoureido)-D-gluco-pyranose] was studied on a series of tumor cells, cultured or extracted fresh primary or transplanted tumors, by means of clonogenic assay. The ability of most rat rhabdomyosarcoma cells to form colonies in soft agar was enhanced when exposed to the water-soluble nitrosourea chloride CZT. The tumor cells tested were derived from a) several primary tumors induced in WAG rats by colloidal nickel, then cultured and exposed to CZT early during in vitro passage; b) the 9-4 tumor, also Ni-induced but maintained in long-term culture; and c) the Ni-induced 9-4/0 tumor, maintained by transplantation in syngeneic rats. No inhibition of colony formation was observed in any of the cell lines even at high concentrations of CZT. Adriamycin, chosen as a control treatment, strongly inhibited the cloning efficiency (CE) of the tumor cells. In vivo, the weekly injection of 10 mg CZT/kg body weight into syngeneic rats bearing transplanted tumors led to an enhancement of lung metastasis formation. The CZT enhancement of CE of tumor cells and its relationship to increased in vivo tumor metastasis is discussed. PMID- 3157819 TI - Modification of in vitro and in vivo BCG cell wall-induced immunosuppression by treatment with chemotherapeutic agents or indomethacin. AB - The in vitro inhibition of spleen cell blastogenesis response and the in vivo enhancement of tumor growth are phenomena associated with BCG cell wall (BCGcw) immunization. What effect treatment with chemotherapeutic agents and the prostaglandin inhibitor indomethacin would have on the in vitro and in vivo responses to BCGcw immunization was evaluated. In vitro blastogenesis studies showed that chemotherapy pretreatment prior to immunization with BCGcw resulted in a restoration of the spleen cell blastogenesis response. In blastogenesis addback studies, where BCGcw-induced irradiated splenic suppressor cells were admixed with normal cells, less inhibition of blastogenesis occurred when spleen cells were obtained from rats that had received the combined treatment of chemotherapy and BCGcw immunization versus only BCGcw immunization. The cocultivation of spleen cells from BCGcw-immunized rats with indomethacin resulted in a 30-40% restoration of the blastogenesis response. In vivo studies showed that BCGcw-mediated enhancement of intramuscular tumor growth of the 3924a ACI rat tumor could be abrogated by either pretreatment with busulfan or mitomycin or by the feeding of indomethacin. PMID- 3157820 TI - [Regulation of the coronary blood flow in pathological changes in the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 3157821 TI - [Type of response reaction to the exercise test and mortality over a 6-year follow-up period in a male population over 40]. AB - Cardiologic investigation and the treadmill test were conducted in two population samples of men aged 40-59: a randomly selected group of 498 men and a "hyperlipidemic" group of 391. Four categories of subjects were identified: 1) subjects to whom physical stress is contraindicated; 2) subjects with ischemic response; 3) subjects with reduced stress tolerance in the absence of typical ischemia; and 4) those with an adequate response to treadmill exercise. Population mortality figures analysed by the groups over a 6-year follow-up period demonstrated the highest mortality in groups 1 and 2 (188.9 and 127 per 1000) and the lowest rate in group 4 (27.8 per 1000). PMID- 3157822 TI - [Clinico-instrumental evaluation of treatment results with postinfarct cardiosclerosis patients at a central highlands health resort]. PMID- 3157823 TI - Characterization of T cells cultured from fine needle aspirates of human renal allografts during rejection. PMID- 3157824 TI - [Surgical treatment of ventral hernias with plastic repair of the aponeurosis using split autotransplants]. PMID- 3157825 TI - [Tubular cecostomy and intubation of the ileum]. PMID- 3157826 TI - [Immuno- and regeneration therapy of recently diagnosed diabetes mellitus type I]. AB - In approximately 50% of cases of Type I diabetes mellitus in children over 8 years old autogenous insulin production is regenerated so well, either spontaneously or by the immunological form of therapy communicated, that the heterogeneous insulin originally administered to preserve life can be reduced and finally discontinued altogether in the course of the first 4 to 6 weeks. The complete remission renders further administration of heterogeneous insulation unnecessary. If this reduction in the quantity of insulin is not attempted, the residual autogenous insulin production will be slowly but surely suppressed by the heterogeneous insulin via its interference with the feedback mechanism. Restoration of the capacity to produce insulin, and thus a possible cure of Type I diabetes mellitus, only appear possible if an attempt is made during the first remission to stimulate regeneration of the beta-cells via nesidioblastosis. Regeneration is aided by the immunotherapy described: firstly, elimination of the obstructed antigen-antibody complexes causing and sustaining the immunological inflammation, and secondly the production of T-suppressor cells to eliminate immunological processes. Basically, in the light of observations of "long-term remissions" reported in the literature, a clinical and biochemical "cure" of Type I diabetes mellitus by immunological means appears possible. The present paper reports on a preliminary series of mainly clinical observations in 13 children with newly diagnosed Type I diabetes mellitus. In approximately 50% of the cases remissions lasting over 2 months were achieved, and some lasted for almost 18 months. PMID- 3157828 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3157827 TI - [Huntington chorea in childhood]. AB - By the case report of a 7 years old girl problems and difficulties in diagnosing early manifested Chorea Huntington are discussed. Dementia, rigor and akinesis are the presenting signs; choreatic movements are usually not present. Seizures occur frequently. Family history gives important informations; the autosomal dominant gene mostly is transmitted by the father. Although knowledges of biochemical changes in movement disorders are increasing, there are presently only a few possibilities to ameliorate signs and symptoms of chorea by pharmacological measures. PMID- 3157829 TI - [Treatment of schizophrenia by hemosorption]. PMID- 3157830 TI - [Medium-altitude health resorts in the primary and secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3157831 TI - [Hormone content of the blood plasma of rats after a flight on the Kosmos-1129 biosatellite]. AB - The concentration of ACTH, insulin, glucagon, glucose, epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyrotrophic hormone, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine was measured in plasma of the rats flown for 18.5 days on Cosmos-1129. As a result of the flight, the concentration of insulin, thyrotrophic hormone, and triiodothyronine increased and that of thyroxine decreased. It is suggested that the above changes have been induced by an acute stress associated with biosatellite reentry and touchdown. PMID- 3157832 TI - A Japanese case of pentosuria. PMID- 3157833 TI - Sandhoff disease: 36 cases from Cordoba, Argentina. PMID- 3157834 TI - Enhanced endothelialization of Dacron grafts by external vein wrapping. AB - The efficacy of external vein wrapping of vascular grafts in promoting the development of a luminal endothelial surface was assessed in 12 dogs who underwent thoracoabdominal bypasses with 26-29 cm X 6-mm i.d. double-velour knitted Dacron grafts. In group I (n = 6) 6-cm segments of the grafts were wrapped with autologous jugular vein with its endothelial surface applied against the outside of the graft. In group II (n = 6) the wrap procedure was performed using abdominal wall fascia. The degree and character of graft incorporation was quantitated in all prostheses at 28 days postimplantation. Group I vein wrap prostheses demonstrated uniform endothelial surface coverage in the vein wrap area (means = 88%) that was significantly greater (P less than 0.04) than coverage in adjacent unwrapped segments (means = 48%). Group II fascial wrap grafts demonstrated variable endothelial coverage in the wrapped area (means = 48%) that was consistently less than in adjacent unwrapped portions (means = 62%), and significantly less than vein wrap sections of group I animals (P less than 0.04). No significant differences existed in endothelial coverage of unwrapped regions of group I and II grafts. This investigation documented that wrapping knitted Dacron grafts with vein enhanced endothelialization of their luminal surface. PMID- 3157835 TI - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay of serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate using a monoclonal antibody. AB - A monoclonal antibody directed against dehydroepiandrosterone, but with high affinity for dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHA-S), has been used to develop a solid phase radioimmunoassay for measuring serum DHA-S. The antibody was covalently linked to polyacrylamide microbeads with no change in binding characteristics. The procedure requires only the chromatography of serum on anion exchange cellulose before assaying the equivalent of 0.25 microliter serum. The method is precise, accurate and specific and can detect 19.5 pg of DHA-S. Serum DHA-S levels measured by this method were in good agreement with those found in a validated radioimmunoassay method involving hydrolysis. The method is quick and one operator could assay 50 blood specimens per day. DHA-S levels in serum from 50 men and 86 women were in agreement with those in the literature. With the availability of theoretically limitless quantities of consistently high quality monoclonal antibodies the advantages of developing solid phase radioimmunoassays for steroids is discussed. PMID- 3157836 TI - Variations in antigen expression during the cell cycle of a human B lymphoblastoid cell line. AB - Expression of six surface markers during the cell cycle of a human B lymphoblastoid cell line has been examined. Cultures were synchronised by a double thymidine block, then monitored through a complete cell cycle following release. Surface marker expression was studied by manual immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Surface topography of the cells during the cycle was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Some variation in the expression of all markers was observed during the cell cycle. Four antigens (surface membrane immunoglobulin, common ALL antigen, an immature cell marker identified by monoclonal antibody 11D1, and an ubiquitous leucocyte antigen identified by monoclonal antibody 6B1) showed maximal expression in S and/or G2 phase and minimal expression during mitosis. These results could be due to changes in cell size. However, the individual patterns of expression of these four antigens during the phases of the cell cycle implied that changes in antigen density also occurred, at least in some cases. In contrast, expression of HLA-A, B, C and Ia antigens did not parallel cell size and was lowest during the S and G2 phases, increasing to a peak in early G1 phase. PMID- 3157838 TI - The clinical significance of blood-flow measurements. AB - The validity of different non-invasive methods of detecting extracranial arterial disease is assessed in a large series of more than 20 000 patients studied using CW-Doppler (indirect and direct techniques) and more than 2000 patients studied by a newly developed ultrasound Duplex system. While CW-Doppler analysis still represents the method of choice for the evaluation of various degrees of carotid obstructions causing more than 50 per cent lumen narrowing (overall accuracy 99 per cent), the technically far more complex and expensive Duplex systems should be used for the diagnosis of normal arterial vessels versus minor plaques, and in particular for the detection of ulcerative lesions representing possible sources of cerebral embolism. Furthermore, simultaneous flow-volume and velocity-pattern analysis across the arterial lumen provides new insight into the cerebral blood flow, thus promising acquisition, for the first time, of rapid changing parameters in the cerebral circulation. PMID- 3157839 TI - [Sciatica, computerized scanning and surgery]. PMID- 3157837 TI - Surface antigen expression by a human B-lymphoblastoid cell line treated with 'differentiation' inducers, dimethysulfoxide and tetradecanoylphorbol acetate. AB - Changes in expression of surface antigens and morphology induced in a human B lymphoblastoid cell line by 'differentiation' inducers DMSO and TPA have been examined. Both of these agents were shown to cause arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and morphological changes including a decrease in the nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio. In addition, TPA caused a marked increase in membrane area with extensive ruffling. Treatment of cells with 1.25% DMSO for 6 d brought about decreases in the expression of Ia antigens, CALLA, and an immature cell antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody 11D1, and an increase in the expression of surface membrane immunoglobulin. This pattern is consistent with the induction of differentiation towards a more mature B cell. In contrast, treatment of cells with 5 X 10(-8)M TPA for 2 d resulted in increased expression of both Ia and HLA A, B,C antigens, decreased expression of surface membrane immunoglobulin, and little or no change in the other markers. These changes do not indicate a maturation process and can be explained in part by accumulation of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. PMID- 3157841 TI - Pharmacokinetics of PFA (trisodium phosphonoformate) after i.v. and p.o. administration to beagle dogs and rabbits. AB - The antiviral substance PFA (trisodium phosphonoformate) was administered I.V. and P.O. to six young female Beagle dogs, and to white New Zealand rabbits using a randomized crossover design. The pharmacokinetics of PFA was determined from the I.V. concentration-time data by polyexponential curve fitting and by a compartment model independent analysis. In dogs the I.V. data were best fit to three exponential terms. The terminal half-life ranged from 2.6 to 7.9 hours (mean 4.03 h +/- 2.04 S.D.). The mean volumes of distribution for the central compartment, Vc, at steady state, Vss and during the terminal phase, Vz, were 0.15, 0.65 and 1.32 L/kg, respectively. The two methods for generation of pharmacokinetic parameters resulted in practically identical values. After extravascular administration, the concentration-time data were subjected to compartment model independent analysis. The mean absolute bioavailability was 10% after P.O. administration. In rabbits, 11 out of 12 I.V. data sets were best fit to two exponential terms; one set was best fit to 3 exponential terms. The terminal half-life ranged from 1.47 to 4.15 hours (mean 2.18 h +/- 0.87 S.D.). The mean volumes of distribution for Vc, Vss and Vz were 0.32, 0.45 and 0.96 L/kg, respectively. After P.O. dosing the t 1/2 was about 4.4 h and the apparent volume of distribution about 1.2 L/kg. The mean absolute bioavailability after P.O. administration was 95%. The difference in P.O. bioavailability between dog and rabbit may be due to intragastric pH differences between the two species. PMID- 3157840 TI - [Polyradiculoneuritis in a heroin addict]. PMID- 3157843 TI - [Skin irritations from chemicals--2 objective, predictive test methods]. PMID- 3157842 TI - Effect of diabetogenic action of streptozotocin on rat serum lipoproteins. AB - After studying the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin in rats on adipose tissue cellularity, the authors attempted to demonstrate the influence of streptozotocin on cholesterol and phospholipid composition of the different serum lipoproteins. Intravenous injection of that antibiotic induced in rats a diabetes which appears at the latest on about the third day and finally remains at a fixed value at about the second week. All very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) are increased, which is not surprising since diabetes induces a hypertriglyceridemia and VLDL are triglyceride carriers. On the other hand, high density lipoproteins (HDL) are decreased, so that we can ask the question: Is HDL decrease due to diabetes or as a result of hypertriglyceridemia? PMID- 3157844 TI - Dermabrasion in facial surgery. AB - Surgical planing or dermabrasion has many uses in facial aesthetic and reconstructive surgery but often is an underutilized technique. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize the head and neck and facial plastic surgeon with some of these uses extending from trauma to rejuvenation of the aging face. Detail will be presented regarding analysis for conditions where dermabrasion is indicated and in dealing with modifications of surgical technique. The author feels that dermabrasion is the treatment of choice for scars and acne and favors it over chemabrasion or chemical peel even for fine rhytids because the depth of dermabrasion can be precisely controlled and varied according to the location of and the degree of scarring or facial wrinkles. It offers early and predictable healing without concern for the penetration and absorption of chemical elements (especially phenol). Dermabrasion may be combined with other procedures such as scar revisions, dermal shaves, and de-epithelization of flaps. PMID- 3157845 TI - T-lymphocytes phenotype and functions in patients with head and neck cancer. AB - We studied the phenotype of T-lymphocytes isolated from 18 patients with head and neck cancer, their capacity to express Ia antigens upon activation by lectins in vitro, their capacity to function either as responder or stimulator cells in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction, and their capacity to cooperate with the normal adherent suppressor cells (NASC). The T-lymphocytes isolated from these patients have several functional defects including an impaired capacity to activate allogeneic lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs), a lack of a proliferative capacity in autologous MLRs, an impaired sensitivity to inhibition by NASC, and an impaired capacity to express Ia antigens upon activation by mitogens in vitro. These data indicate that, in patients with head and neck cancer, immune function is characterized by a defect in T-lymphocytes functions which concerns the process of cell to cell cooperation. PMID- 3157846 TI - The effect of surgery on natural killer cell activity in head and neck cancer patients: in vitro reversal of a postoperatively suppressed immunosurveillance system. AB - Curative surgery diminished natural killer (NK) cell activity in 17 patients with previously untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (37% +/- 17%, preoperatively vs. 21% +/- 11%, postoperatively; p less than 0.001). This operatively induced suppression was dependent on the presence of a nylon wool adherent cell population. With the removal of this surgically generated suppressor population from the in vitro assay, postoperative suppression of natural killer activity was significantly diminished (21% +/- 13%, vs. 30% +/- 23%, p less than 0.01). The capability of fully restoring postoperatively suppressed NK cell activity was subsequently demonstrated by the synergistic effect of removing a nylon wool adherent suppressor population and stimulating NK cells with a naturally occurring immunopotentiator, tuftsin (from 21% +/- 13% to 41% +/- 23%; p less than 0.0001). In utilizing biological response modifiers in the perioperative period in the cancer patient, the interaction of these agents and the surgically generated suppressor cell population needs to be considered. PMID- 3157847 TI - Potentiation of photodynamic therapy by heat: effect of sequence and time interval between treatments in vivo. AB - Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizing hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) as photosensitizer and an argon-dye laser as the light source was used alone and in combination with a localized microwave hyperthermia treatment to treat the SMT-F mammary carcinoma in mice. A 30-min heat treatment at 44.5 degrees C was applied 0-8 hr before or after a standard photodynamic treatment (67.5 or 135 J/cm2, given 24 hr post-7.5 mg/kg Hpd). Potentiation of PDT by heat was found to be related to the sequence of the treatments and the time interval between them. When 44.5 degrees C for 30 min was applied immediately after a 15-min PDT treatment, significant potentiation was seen (58% long-term tumor control vs 3 and 10%, respectively, for PDT and heat alone). This potentiation decreased with increasing time between PDT and heat, with tumor control values decreasing to 36, 20, and 14%, when 2, 4, and 8 hr, respectively, were allowed between treatments. Only additive effects of the independent therapies were found when this heat treatment was applied 0-8 hr before PDT. In other experiments, mice were treated with single or fractionated 30-min PDT treatments (two 15-min treatments separated by 0-, 2-, 4- or 8-hr intervals). Decreases in tumor control were seen with increasing time interval; only minor differences in tumor control were seen when 4-8 hr was allowed between treatments compared to a single 15-min treatment. PMID- 3157849 TI - Changes of regional blood flow induced by atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in conscious rats. AB - The effect of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor (ANF 101-126) has been studied on regional blood flow distribution. Microspheres (15 +/- 3 microns), labelled with either 113Sn or 57Co, were injected through an intraventricular cannula into conscious rats while a reference blood sample was withdrawn. Two minutes after the first microspheres injection either ANF or NaCl were injected. Five minutes later, the second microspheres injection was administered, and after two minutes the animals were sacrificed, and several tissues removed and counted. Percent of flow distribution, cardiac output and tissue blood flow were calculated by standard formulas. ANF produced a significant increase in absolute blood flow in lungs, heart, spleen, kidneys and testes. Total renal blood flow and total splanchnic blood flow were also increased in ANF-injected animals. No significant changes were observed in cardiac output. It is suggested that the natriuretic and hypotensive responses to ANF in vivo may be, at least partially, explained by its hemodynamic effects. PMID- 3157848 TI - Comparison of aldosterone binding in aortic cells from Dahl salt-susceptible and salt-resistant rats. AB - The Dahl salt-resistant substrain of Sprague-Dawley rats represents a uniform population of animals that are resistant to salt and mineralocorticoid induced hypertension. Aldosterone binding in the aortae of these rats is contrasted to that of age- and sex-matched rats of the Dahl salt-susceptible strain in an effort to identify a mechanism for resistance to salt induced hypertension. Cultured smooth muscle cells of both substrains contain two classes of aldosterone binding sites: corticoid receptor I with high affinity and low capacity, and corticoid receptor II with low affinity and high capacity. No differences were found between the two substrains in the affinities or binding capacities of these receptors. Both groups of Sprague-Dawley rats had a significantly higher corticoid receptor I affinity than the salt resistant Fischer 344 rats, a strain with a two-fold lower affinity than salt sensitive strains. These results indicate that an intrinsic defect in mineralocorticoid binding in aortic smooth muscle cells could not account for the resistance to salt and mineralocorticoid induced hypertension seen in Sprague-Dawley rats and that the biochemical abnormality underlying salt resistance is likely to be different from that of Fischer 344 rats. PMID- 3157850 TI - Effects of changes in water-sodium balance on levels of atrial natriuretic factor messenger RNA and peptide in rats. AB - Responses of atrial mRNA, atrial peptide and plasma peptide of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) to treatments to alter fluid volume were studied in rats using RNA dot hybridization assay and radioimmunoassay. Specific changes in the level of ANF mRNA relative to total atrial RNA were observed in atria from sodium restricted rats and water deprived then sodium loaded rats, demonstrating an association of change in water-sodium balance with the expression of ANF gene. The levels of mRNA and the immunoreactive ANF in plasma decreased to 30% and 15% of controls, respectively, on water-deprivation and then increased again to control levels after administering 1.8% NaCl solution, whereas atrial immunoreactive ANF increased to about twice the control on water-deprivation and decreased again after supplying NaCl solution, in parallel with the level of the hematocrit. These findings suggest that atrial ANF content is dependent more on ANF release than on biosynthesis. PMID- 3157852 TI - Inhibition of pituitary adenylate cyclase by atrial natriuretic factor. AB - The effect of synthetic rat atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) on adenylate cyclase activity was studied in rat anterior and posterior pituitary homogenates. ANF (Arg 101-Tyr 126) inhibited adenylate cyclase activity in anterior and posterior pituitary homogenates in a concentration dependent manner. The maximum inhibitions observed were 42% in anterior pituitary with an apparent Ki of 10( 10) M, and 25% with an apparent Ki of 10(-11) M in posterior pituitary. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and prostaglandins (PGE1) stimulated adenylate cyclase to various degrees in anterior pituitary homogenates and ANF inhibited the stimulatory effect of all these hormones. In addition ANF was also able to inhibit the stimulation exerted by NaF and forskolin which activate adenylate cyclase by receptor independent mechanism. Similarly, the stimulatory effects of N-Ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA), NaF and forskolin on adenylate cyclase in posterior pituitary homogenates were also inhibited by ANF. This is the first study demonstrating the inhibitory effect of ANF on pituitary adenylate cyclase. PMID- 3157851 TI - Selective D2 dopamine receptor agonists prevent catalepsy induced by SCH 23390, a selective D1 antagonist. AB - SCH 23390, an apparently selective antagonist of central D1 dopamine receptors, produced profound catalepsy at low doses (0.1 mg/kg, s.c.). Pretreatment with the selective D2 receptor agonists LY 141865, RU 24213 or LY 171555, the active (-) enantiomer of LY 141865, elicited a dose-dependent inhibition of the cataleptic response. Pergolide and apomorphine were also effective. This effect was not due to altered disposition or penetration of SCH 23390 into the brain since pretreatment with a dose of LY 171555 which completely blocked catalepsy had no effect on the ID50 of SCH 23390 to inhibit 3H-cis-piflutixol binding to D1 receptors measured ex vivo. Alternative mechanisms are considered to explain the results, which offer new insights into striatal dopaminergic regulation of motor activity. PMID- 3157853 TI - Effect of chronic streptozotocin-induced diabetes on [3H]ouabain binding in the rat left ventricle. AB - Earlier results from our laboratory have revealed that the inotropic response to ouabain was depressed in chronically diabetic rat heart (1). In this study we examined the effect of chronic streptozotocin induced diabetes (3 months) on [3H]ouabain binding in the rat heart. Scatchard analysis of [3H]ouabain binding to membrane preparations of rat left ventricle revealed two classes of binding sites; a high affinity/low capacity and a low affinity/high capacity binding site. The maximum number of binding sites of the high and low affinity binding sites in membrane preparations obtained from the chronically diabetic rats was significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced to 60.4 and 48.8% of controls, respectively. The dissociation constant of the high and the low affinity binding/sites in the chronically diabetic rat heart, compared to controls, was significantly (p less than 0.05) increased and decreased, respectively. These results suggest that the decreased inotropic response of ouabain in the intact tissue obtained from chronically diabetic rats (1) may be related to a decreased number of ouabain binding sites. PMID- 3157855 TI - [Treatment of seromas in alloplasty of anterior abdominal wall defects]. PMID- 3157854 TI - Play behaviors and toy preferences of preschoolers with Down syndrome. PMID- 3157856 TI - Is the mental deterioration in Down's syndrome linked to impaired terminal degradation of neurofilaments? AB - Early detection of foetuses carrying the chromosomal anomaly typical of Down's syndrome provides an efficient means to solve both the social and medical problems inherent in this common form of mental deficiency likely to occur in offsprings to aged mothers. The routine use of this screening procedure, however, is limited to the Western culture. We hope that the present hypothesis suggesting an important role of neurofilament dysfunction in Down's syndrome will stimulate therapeutic approaches aimed at preventing the expression of mental stigmata in children unhappily born with this chromosomal anomaly. PMID- 3157857 TI - Validation of the saline-dilution method for measuring cardiac output by simultaneous measurement with a perivascular electromagnetic flowprobe. AB - The validity of measurements of right heart output obtained by the saline indicator method with a catheter-mounted, tetrapolar resistivity sensor placed in the pulmonary artery was assessed. In ten anesthetized dogs, cardiac output was measured simultaneously by the saline-indicator method, using 5 ml of 3 per cent saline as the indicator, and by a perivascular electromagnetic flowprobe placed around the trunk of the pulmonary artery. Cardiac output was altered over a wide range by increasing the depth of halothane anesthesia and by bolus injections of isoproterenol. Linear regression analysis of cardiac output determined from 455 saline-indicator curves and from simultaneous recordings of the electromagnetic flow signal yielded a slope of 0.973, a Y intercept of -0.0047 1/minute, and a correlation coefficient of 0.965. Hence, this method provides accurate and precise measurement of cardiac output. The saline-indicator method with the catheter-mounted resistivity sensor is simple to use and eliminates or minimizes the disadvantages of other indicator-dilution techniques. PMID- 3157858 TI - [Infestation of humans by Ixodes ricinus L. in the larva, nymph and imago stages]. PMID- 3157859 TI - [Economic evaluation of various methods of sanitation of territories endemic for zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (based on the example of the Golodnaia and Dzhizak steppes of the Uzbek S.S.R.)]. PMID- 3157860 TI - [Results of a 3-year study of soil contamination with Toxocara eggs in Kishinev]. PMID- 3157861 TI - [Dioctophyma infection in humans]. PMID- 3157862 TI - Diacylglycerols and protein kinase C. Potential amplifying mechanism for Ca2+ mediated gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated luteinizing hormone release. AB - The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that there is a functional interaction between the calcium-calmodulin system, which appears to mediate the action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and activators of protein kinase C, which stimulate luteinizing hormone (LH) release by a mechanism which does not require extracellular calcium. We have examined a diacylglycerol and a phorbol ester, which both activate protein kinase C and stimulate LH release. These compounds show synergistic action with calcium ionophore A23187 as secretogogues. Pimozide (a calmodulin antagonist), methoxyverapamil (a calcium ion channel inhibitor), and Ac[D-pCl-Phe1,2-D-Trp3-D-Lys6-D-Ala10]GnRH (a potent gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist) were used to show that the diacylglycerol and phorbol ester can stimulate LH release in a manner that is independent of both Ca2+ and calmodulin and do not work by means of a direct action on the GnRH receptor. These observations, coupled with previously published reports that extracellular Ca2+ mobilization is both necessary and sufficient for initiation and perpetuation of GnRH-stimulated LH release, indicate that activation of protein kinase C by endogenous diacylglycerols may serve as an amplifier of the GnRH-stimulated signal which appears to be mediated independently by the Ca2+ calmodulin system. PMID- 3157863 TI - Protein changes during the asexual cycle of Neurospora crassa. AB - A method for synchronizing conidiation and isolating large numbers of cells at discrete stages of conidia development is described. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we analyzed the protein profiles of mycelia, aerial hyphae, and conidia and observed that the concentration of 14 polypeptides increase and 38 decrease during the asexual cycle. Twelve polypeptides were present in extracts of aerial hyphae or conidia, but not mycelia, suggesting that they may be conidiation specific. The protein profiles of mutants defective in conidiation were also analyzed. Differences were detected in the two-dimensional profiles of protein extracts from fluffy and wild-type aerial hyphae. Polyadenylated RNA isolated from wild-type mycelia and conidiating cultures was translated in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Differences were detected in the polypeptide products specified by the two RNA populations, suggesting that changes in steady state levels of polyadenylated RNAs also occur during conidiation. PMID- 3157865 TI - Treatment of hepatic metastases. PMID- 3157866 TI - Laparoscopy for gastrointestinal diseases. PMID- 3157864 TI - Isolation and characterization of genes differentially expressed during conidiation of Neurospora crassa. AB - A Neurospora crassa genomic DNA library was screened with a cDNA probe enriched in sequences expressed in conidiating cultures. Clones were isolated that preferentially hybridized to this probe versus a second cDNA probe complementary to polyadenylated RNA isolated from mycelia. Twelve clones contained unique sequences that hybridized to 22 transcripts, 19 of which accumulated preferentially in conidiating cultures. Eight transcripts were present in higher levels in conidiating cultures than in mycelia. Eleven transcripts were detected only in conidiating cultures and first appeared at different times during the asexual cycle. We mapped genomic sequences homologous to the 11 clones by conventional crosses using restriction fragment-length polymorphisms as genetic markers. The sequences homologous to genes expressed preferentially in conidiating cultures are distributed on six of the seven chromosomes. Clones that map to the same chromosome are linked. No recombination occurred between genomic sequences homologous to three clones, suggesting that the genes contained in these clones may constitute a gene cluster. PMID- 3157867 TI - Renal effects of human alpha-atrial natriuretic polypeptide. PMID- 3157868 TI - Immunological help at last. PMID- 3157871 TI - Familial thrombotic disorders. PMID- 3157869 TI - Antigen-specific interaction between T and B cells. AB - It is well known that B cells require T-cell help to produce specific antibody. Classic experiments suggested that antigen-specific helper T cells interact with antigen-specific B cells via an antigen 'bridge', the B cells binding to one determinant on an antigen molecule (the 'hapten'), while the T cells at the same time recognize another determinant (the 'carrier'). T-helper cells bind specifically to antigen-presenting cells (APC), which have picked up and processed the appropriate antigen, and this interaction, like the interaction of T-helper cells with specific B cells, is restricted by products encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Whereas conventional APC such as macrophages display no binding specificity for antigen, B cells have clonally distributed antigen-specific surface immunoglobulin receptors which would be expected to enhance their capacity to present antigen to T cells. These findings are difficult to reconcile with the simple 'antigen bridge' mechanism of interaction, because it is hard to visualize how the bimolecular complex (processed antigen plus MHC molecule) on the APC surface can resemble the trimolecular complex (antigen bound to surface immunoglobulin plus MHC molecule) on the B-cell surface. To address this problem, we have cloned and immortalized human antigen-specific B cells with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and analysed their interaction with T-cell clones specific for the same antigen. We report here that surface immunoglobulin is indeed involved in the uptake and concentration of antigen, allowing specific B cells to present antigen to T cells with very high efficiency. However, the antigen must first be internalized and processed by specific B cells and it is then presented to T cells in an MHC-restricted manner indistinguishable from that characteristic of conventional APC. PMID- 3157870 TI - The effect of various ions on uptake2 of catecholamines. AB - The effects of a decrease of the K+ gradient on the extraneuronal inward transport and outward movement of catecholamines were studied in rat heart, rabbit aortic rings and guinea-pig trachealis smooth muscle. Elevation of the extracellular K+ concentration caused a) inhibition of the corticosteroid sensitive extraneuronal uptake (uptake2) of 3H-isoprenaline in rat heart and of 3H-noradrenaline in rabbit aorta, and b) acceleration of efflux of 3H isoprenaline from rat heart, 3H-noradrenaline from rabbit aorta and adrenaline (measured by microphotometry) from guinea-pig trachealis muscle. In rat heart and rabbit aorta, the acute omission of one or the other of the ions Na+, Cl-, K+ or Ca2+ from the perfusion of incubation medium had no effect on initial rates of uptake2 of catecholamines, except that the absence of K+ had a small inhibitory effect in the rat heart. The prolonged absence of Na+, Ca2+ or K+ from the perfusion or incubation medium caused a marked inhibition of uptake2 of catecholamines. These inhibitory effects developed more quickly in rat heart than in rabbit aorta. These results are compatible with the possibility that either the K+ gradient across the cell membrane or the resting membrane potential is the force driving uptake2. PMID- 3157872 TI - Coccydynia: a tail of woe. PMID- 3157873 TI - [Insurance expert evaluation of patients with paralysis of the anterior serratus muscle]. PMID- 3157874 TI - The effects of lubrol WX on brain membrane Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase and ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake activity following acute and chronic ethanol. AB - Acute administration of ethanol (2.5 gm/kg, i.p.) to rats inhibits the cytosolic buffering of Ca2+ in nerve terminals. Ca2+ ATPase and ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake are both inhibited 30 min after a single dose of ethanol. Chronic ethanol administration (6%, 14 days) did not inhibit Ca2+ ATPase but significantly stimulated ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake. Lubrol WX treatment of acute ethanolic membranes reverses the inhibition of Ca2+ ATPase seen following ethanol. Lubrol WX treatment of chronic ethanolic membranes prevents the increase in ATP dependent Ca2+ uptake seen in ethanolic membranes. Both acute and chronic ethanol induced changes in Ca2+ transport within nerve terminals may involve lipid dependent parameters of the membrane which may underlie neuronal adaptation. PMID- 3157875 TI - Oxytocin attenuates TRH-induced TSH release from rat pituitary cells. AB - The observation that suckling evokes a modest rise in serum TSH when compared with that of prolactin is inconsistent with the hypothesis that TRH serves as a hypophysiotropic mediator of this response. In the present study we attempted to provide an explanation for this discrepancy by determining whether any of a growing number of putative prolactin releasing factors could alter pituitary responsiveness to TRH. Anterior pituitaries from lactating (day 14) rats were monodispersed with trypsin, cultured for 2 days, and then incubated in the presence of medium alone or medium containing TRH, dopamine, or a combination of these secretagogues. Companion sets of cultures were incubated concurrently with either beta-endorphin, neurotensin, oxytocin, serotonin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, or lysine vasopressin. As expected, TRH stimulated and dopamine suppressed prolactin release. None of the substances tested except oxytocin had a significant effect on pituitary cell responsiveness to TRH or dopamine. Oxytocin had no effect on prolactin secretion when tested alone or in combination with TRH and dopamine. TRH alone stimulated TSH release by these cultures, while oxytocin and dopamine were ineffective by themselves. However, TSH secretion by cultures treated simultaneously with TRH and oxytocin could be suppressed to approximately half of that released by cells incubated with TRH alone. These results demonstrate that oxytocin attenuates TRH-induced TSH release by a direct action on pituitary cells without affecting the prolactin response. This selectivity of responsiveness imparted by oxytocin might contribute to the blunted release of TSH after suckling. PMID- 3157876 TI - Atrial natriuretic factor inhibits dehydration and hemorrhage-induced vasopressin release. AB - Peptides of cardiac origin, termed atrial natriuretic factors, possess both natriuretic and diuretic properties, actions which physiologically contradict those of the antidiuretic peptide, arginine vasopressin (AVP). In addition to their opposing actions in the kidney, the present results indicate that one of these factors, Atriopeptin III, can inhibit dehydration and hemorrhage-induced AVP release in the rat. 3 days of water deprivation resulted in elevated plasma AVP levels (36.1 +/- 4.7 pg AVP/ml) which were significantly reduced following intravenous infusion of 0.02 (21.4 +/- 3.6), 0.2 (15.6 +/- 1.6), and 2.0 (13.9 +/ 3.8) nmol Atriopeptin III. Furthermore, 2.0 nmol Atriopeptin III significantly reduced post-hemorrhage levels (54.8 +/- 13.7) of AVP to values that approximated resting levels (10.2 +/- 3.7). The results suggest a role for cardiac peptides in the control of AVP release as well as the existence of a counterregulatory system, peptidergic in nature, for the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. PMID- 3157877 TI - The effect of prolonged treatment with tricyclic antidepressants on the actions of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the hippocampal slice of the rat. AB - The effect of long-term treatment with the tricyclic antidepressants imipramine (IMI) and desmethylimipramine (DMI) on neuronal responsiveness to 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was examined in the hippocampal slice preparation from the rat. Population spikes, evoked by electrical stimulation of the stratum radiatum, were recorded in the pyramidal cell layer of the CA1 region of the isolated hippocampus. When 5-HT (10(-7) to 2 X 10(-5) M) was applied there was an initial increase followed by a decrease in the amplitude of the population spike. On washout of 5-HT the amplitude increased transiently above control levels. Daily injection of 10 mg/kg of imipramine or desmethylimipramine, intraperitoneally, into rats for 4-5 weeks was found to produce a significant decrease in the inhibitory effect of 10(-5) M 5-HT, whereas there was no apparent change in the excitatory effects. The acute application of 10(-5) M imipramine or desmethylimipramine antagonized the inhibitory effect of 10(-5) M 5-HT without affecting the excitatory effects. Acute application of the 5-HT receptor antagonists cyproheptadine (10(-5) M) and ketanserin (7.5 X 10(-6) M) completely prevented the appearance of the inhibitory effect of 10(-5) M 5-HT without affecting the excitatory effects. It was concluded that the decreased inhibitory effect of 5-HT which was produced by chronic treatment with imipramine or desmethylimipramine was probably due to a reduction in the number of 5-HT receptors or a reduction in the post-receptor effector mechanisms for 5-HT. PMID- 3157878 TI - Protease inhibition increases the analgesic potency of peptide E. AB - Peptide E (PE), an opioid peptide from adrenal medulla, is known to possess very low analgesic potency when injected intracerebroventricularly in mice. The present study showed that PE analgesia was increased by co-injection with protease inhibitors (bacitracin and bestatin). PMID- 3157879 TI - Action of neutral metalloendopeptidase ("enkephalinase") on beta-endorphin. AB - Human beta-endorphin was digested by neutral metalloendopeptidase from rabbit kidney and the products were isolated and identified. Based on the structure and yield of the fragments, the major cleavage sites were identified with the Leu17 Phe18, Gly3-Phe4, Pro13-Leu14 and Ile22-Ile23 peptide bonds of the beta-endorphin structure. The cleavage of the Leu17-Phe18 bond appears to be the rate-limiting step of the enzymic conversion similarly to the previously proposed pathways of beta-endorphin degradation by brain homogenates and synaptic membranes. PMID- 3157880 TI - beta-Endorphin in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells. AB - Acid extracts from mouse Neuroblastoma x rat Glioma hybrid cells have been purified by means of Sep-Pak C-18 and fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography. Each fraction has been submitted to a sensitive beta-endorphin radioimmunoassay and an immunoreactivity peak at camel beta-endorphin retention time was found. PMID- 3157881 TI - Effect of naloxone on deficits after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - The opiate antagonist naloxone was suggested for the amelioration of cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) following the 1981 report of clinical improvement of ischemic deficits in 2 patients. The deficit in 1 patient was exacerbated by morphine, suggesting that analgesics acting on opiate receptors should be avoided after SAH, and this would include codeine phosphate and dihydrocodeine, both widely used for post-SAH headache. We studied 21 consecutive patients with aneurysmal SAH whose condition was worse than Grade 1 on the Hunt and Hess scale. A single observer graded them to avoid interobserver error, and they were also given a score on the Glasgow coma scale. Each patient was then given an intravenous injection of 0.9% saline as placebo or 0.4 mg (7 patients) or 2.0 mg (14 patients) of naloxone. Five minutes later, the same observer regraded the patient. After 30 minutes, a second injection of placebo or naloxone was given, and the patient was regraded a third time. Each patient received placebo in one injection and naloxone in the other, but the order was randomized and unknown to the observer. There was no beneficial effect of 0.4 mg of naloxone after aneurysmal SAH, and we did not find an elevated level of the endogenous opiate beta-endorphin in the cerebrospinal fluid in the majority (6 of 8 of the patients in whom it was assayed). Five of the patients given 2.0 mg of naloxone did improve transiently, and none deteriorated after the drug, suggesting that naloxone in a high dose may have a place in the management of some post-SAH deficits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3157882 TI - Is direct CT caudatometry superior to indirect parameters in confirming Huntington's disease? AB - The largest diameter and area of the head of the caudate nucleus in the CT slice closest to the foramina of Monro were compared to other conventional parameters used in confirming Huntington's disease and contrasted with two groups of non Huntington patients. A maximum diameter under 6.5 mm and an area under 92.5 mm2 were indicative of, but not specific for, Huntington's chorea. Without taking additional parameters into account, mainly occlusive hydrocephalus may be confused with genuine caudate atrophy. With advancing technology--especially Nuclear Magnetic Resonance imaging--it is to be hoped that direct measurement of the caudate nucleus may be easier and more reliable and emerge as a valuable adjunct to conventional measures. PMID- 3157883 TI - Intimal dissection following percutaneous transluminal carotid angioplasty for fibromuscular dysplasia. AB - Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an unusual form of segmental arteriopathy and may affect the internal carotid artery (ICA). We report a case of carotid FMD in which percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was complicated by an intimal tear and required surgical exploration. PTA is a useful form of treatment, but there is a risk of intimal dissection. If this occurs, it may be necessary to excise the intimal flap surgically. PMID- 3157884 TI - Congenital atlanto-axial subluxation in Down's syndrome. PMID- 3157885 TI - Vibration and muscle contraction affect somatosensory evoked potentials. AB - We recorded potentials evoked by specific somatosensory stimuli over peripheral nerve, spinal cord, and cerebral cortex. Vibration attenuated spinal and cerebral potentials evoked by mixed nerve and muscle spindle stimulation; in one subject that was tested, there was no effect on cutaneous input. Presynaptic inhibition of Ia input in the spinal cord and muscle spindle receptor occupancy are probably the responsible mechanisms. In contrast, muscle contraction attenuated cerebral potentials to both cutaneous and muscle spindle afferent volleys; central mechanisms modulating neurons in the dorsal columns nuclei, thalamus, or cerebral cortex are probably responsible. PMID- 3157886 TI - Brain amino compounds in a Huntington's disease patient on isoniazid therapy. AB - We describe biochemical abnormalities in autopsied brain of a patient with early Huntington's disease (HD) who died of pentobarbital overdosage while under treatment with isoniazid (INH). The brain contained hydrazine, a terminal metabolite of INH, which inhibits gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) aminotransferase. GABA content in the basal ganglia was higher than expected for HD, and GABA content was supranormal in some brain regions. Homocarnosine (GABA histidine) content was greatly elevated in all brain regions, suggesting chronic GABA elevation in life. Therefore, the increase in brain GABA content observed in experimental animals given INH or hydrazine also occurs in human patients. PMID- 3157887 TI - [Therapeutic action of oral mesoglycan in the pharmacologic treatment of the varicose syndrome and its complications]. AB - The comparative therapeutic efficacy of mesoglycan and a capillary protective drug derived from rutin was evaluated in a clinical study conducted on a group of patients with varicose syndrome and/or its complications. The clinical assessment of the results obtained was followed by a series of investigations aimed at identifying the action mechanism of the drugs under study. In the experimental model adopted, mesoglycan was found to be well tolerated and effective both in absolute terms and in comparison with the drug used for comparison. Apart from the clinical efficacy of mesoglycan, it was also shown to increase transcutaneous O2 perfusion and blood flow as evidenced by filtrability. On the basis of these results it is suggested that the clinical action and tolerability of mesoglycan make it a valuable aid in the arduous task of treating varicose syndrome and its complications. PMID- 3157888 TI - [A case of echinococcal cyst in the round ligament of the liver. Preliminary note]. AB - Hydatidosis is an endemic condition in many countries. The parasite may infect any tissues but the most commonly affected are the liver (70%), lungs (10%), muscles (4.7%), spleen (2.1%) and brain (1.4%) with bone, thyroid, breast and pancreas infections rarely encountered. An observed case of hydatid cyst of the round ligament of the liver is described. The aetiology, physiopathology and diagnosis of the case are briefly reviewed with emphasis on the fact that laparoscopy was better able to clarify the diagnosis than scintigraphy or echography. PMID- 3157890 TI - Shared motor innervation between dynamic and static intrafusal muscle fibers in the monkey. AB - Distributions of 25 motor axons to 60 intrafusal muscle fibers of 10 poles of monkey spindle were reconstructed from serial 1 micron thick transverse sections of lumbrical muscles. About 44% of motor axons co-innervated two or more types of intrafusal fiber. The (dynamic) bag1 fiber shared motor innervation with the (static) bag2 or chain fibers in about 50% of spindle poles. Activation of single intrafusal fibers independent of the other fibers of the same intrafusal bundle occurs to a lesser degree in spindles of monkeys than in spindles of cats. Functional implications of this pattern of motor innervation are discussed. PMID- 3157889 TI - Striatal topography of D-2 receptors correlates with indexes of cholinergic neuron localization. AB - The topography of dopamine D-2 receptor sites determined from autoradiographs of the rat striatum was compared with previously published values for choline acetyltransferase activity and high-affinity choline uptake within subregions of the striatum. The density of D-2 sites in the caudate-putamen correlates strikingly with these indexes of cholinergic neuron distribution. PMID- 3157893 TI - Asthma and peak flow meters. PMID- 3157892 TI - Tubal sterilization with the Falope ring in an ambulatory-care surgical facility. PMID- 3157891 TI - Gruntzig balloon dilation for fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid arteries. PMID- 3157895 TI - Chemical protective clothing: determining good performance. PMID- 3157894 TI - An open study of diflunisal, conservative and manipulative therapy in the management of acute mechanical low back pain. AB - One hundred and twelve patients with acute mechanical low back pain were randomly divided into three treatment groups. All patients received ergonomic advice and then either a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug or conservative or manipulative types of physiotherapy. Serial assessments of pain and spinal mobility showed similar response rates in all three treatment groups and no significant difference between therapies. The overall improvement ratings, time off work, and economic cost favoured the group treated with the nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug, but this group had a better range of spinal flexion at the onset so firm conclusions regarding the preferred management of these patients in general practice cannot be drawn. Treatment failures occurred in all groups highlighting the need for a variety of therapeutic approaches in managing the patient with low back pain. PMID- 3157897 TI - [Official medical monitoring of baths and saunas using specific regulations]. PMID- 3157898 TI - [The single mother raising children alone]. PMID- 3157896 TI - [Clinical study of the oral aspects of juvenile leukemia patients]. PMID- 3157899 TI - [What role do dogs and cats play in relation to Yersinia enterocolitica infections in humans?]. PMID- 3157900 TI - [Social medicine viewpoint on gliding hiatus hernia]. PMID- 3157901 TI - [Carpets in schools and room air quality]. PMID- 3157903 TI - [Development aid in public health--principles of an ethnospecific health system analysis]. PMID- 3157902 TI - [Efficiency indices for the hospital sector]. PMID- 3157904 TI - [Occupational rehabilitation of the adult--I]. PMID- 3157905 TI - [Health education a different way--with the clown August]. PMID- 3157906 TI - [Group illness caused by Salmonella typhimurium (Breslau)]. PMID- 3157907 TI - [Tasks of the public health office in tuberculosis control]. PMID- 3157908 TI - Counseling parents of handicapped children. PMID- 3157910 TI - [Performing various operations in an urban trauma center]. PMID- 3157909 TI - Comparison of the experimental antitumor activities of three nitrosourea derivatives chlorozotocin, RFCNU and CNCC encapsulated in liposomes with those in the free state. AB - L1210 leukemia was used to compare the antitumor activities of three nitrosoureas (chlorozotocin, RFCNU and CNCC) encapsulated in liposomes with those in the free state. The results obtained varied according to the chemical structure of the compound, its solubility in oil or water, the route of administration into the body, and the treatment dose. The application of liposomes in the chemotherapy of malignant disease deserves further investigations. PMID- 3157911 TI - [Oral isotretinoin therapy of acne conglobata]. PMID- 3157912 TI - Surgical aspects of intra-arterial chemotherapy of outpatients with head and neck cancer. AB - We have evaluated the use of the completely implantable infusaid pump in 22 patients with advanced cancer confined to the head and neck. Unilateral head lesions are treated with a single-catheter pump infusing the external carotid artery. A dual-catheter pump is used for midline or bilateral head lesions (both external carotid arteries infused) or unilateral head and neck disease (the second catheter positioned in the thyrocervical trunk). The infused volume of each catheter is determined by nuclear tomography after slow intra-arterial injection of 99mTc-labeled macroaggregated albumin through the pump's auxiliary port. The injection port/infusion chamber configuration of the pump permits long term, multiple-course, combination-drug intra-arterial therapy on an outpatient basis. To date, 15 patients have been treated longer than 6 months and five longer than 1 year with no bleeding or neurologic complications. Eight of 10 patients treated with cisplatin and fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) have responded. The Infusaid pump permits long-term, practical, cost-effective, intra-arterial therapy to the entire tumor volume of ambulatory head and neck cancer patients with a high rate of tumor response. PMID- 3157913 TI - Prediction of treatment response in pain patients: the illness self-concept repertory grid and EMG feedback. AB - Eighteen patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain completed a trial of EMG feedback where each subject was exposed to biofeedback, a control condition and a waiting list. Pain scores were determined pre- and posttrial, and the percentage change calculated for each subject. EMG activity and present pain measured during the trial gave an EMG/pain correlation for each patient. A repertory grid was completed by each patient at the pretrial evaluation. Repertory grid technique is a highly flexible way of measuring subjective data such as attitudes. The specific test used involved the patient in rating a series of 6 self-concepts across 8 'constructs' or concepts concerning illness and emotional distress. The resulting matrix of 48 ratings was analysed to produce a measurement of 'distance' between the self and ideal-self concepts. The major finding was that the self-ideal-self distance was significantly positively correlated with pain score changes by rank correlation. The self-ideal-self distance is essentially a measure of self-satisfaction or dissatisfaction and the results imply that patients who show a relatively greater degree of self-dissatisfaction are more likely to respond well to EMG feedback. In addition, patients with high EMG/pain correlations had a better outcome and this measure also correlated with pain scores. The relationship between self-concepts and EMG/pain correlations is discussed. The Illness Self-Concept Repertory Grid appears capable of predicting treatment outcome and shows promise as a prognostic tool. PMID- 3157914 TI - The relationship between activity and chronic back pain. AB - Thirty chronic back pain patients participated in a study of the relationship between activity level and pain intensity. Activity is presumed to cause increases in pain. If this is true, then chronic sufferers should regulate their activities so that when they have pain, they should avoid participating in activities. This assumption was examined by comparing pain intensity with several measures of activity. The activity measures ranged from global reports to observed behaviour. The results showed that patients do report a connection between activity and pain on a global interview question, and patients with much pain tend to make lower ratings of ability to participate in daily activities. However, no significant correlation was found between pain intensity and actual activity levels as measured by self-monitoring or observed behaviour in a test situation. These findings provide little support for the idea that activity level is directly related to chronic pain intensity and they underscore the importance of comprehensive behavioural assessment. PMID- 3157915 TI - Pediatric dentistry as it relates to the pediatrician. PMID- 3157916 TI - The modern pediatric dental office experience. PMID- 3157917 TI - Cerebral blood flow measurement techniques in infants and children. AB - The tremendous growth of interest in neurologic intensive care and in the pathophysiology of the cerebral circulation in the past few years has resulted in increasing numbers of studies that document alterations in cerebral flow during the course of various diseases or as a response to treatment of them. Before pediatricians come to conclusions based on these studies, it is important to have an understanding of the techniques involved. The techniques are complex and difficult but are based on understandable principles. They also have limitations and are subject to misinterpretations. Pediatricians should become knowledgeable about some of these techniques and their limitations because it is likely that they will be applied with increasing frequency in the next several years. We are on the threshold of exciting discoveries in abnormalities of cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolism not only in critically ill children but also in children with congenital and learning disorders. PMID- 3157918 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of intestinal toxicoses in young children living in a tropical climate]. PMID- 3157920 TI - [Main organizational trends in the field of health care of schoolchildren living in the Murmansk district]. PMID- 3157919 TI - [Scientific basis of the curator's activities in students' groups]. PMID- 3157921 TI - [Organization of therapeutic departments for mothers in pediatric hospitals]. PMID- 3157922 TI - Intravenous plasmin-treated gammaglobulin therapy in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Results in 40 patients. AB - A study of the effects of high-dose IV plasmin-treated IgG was undertaken in 40 patients (30 children and 10 adults) with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). After a first course of treatment, a success therapy (platelet counts greater than 100 X 10(9)/l) was observed in 21 patients. The results after additional courses of pH 4 treated IgG in 7 patients tended to indicate that the 2 kinds of concentrates might induce similar platelet responses. No significant side-effects were observed. Platelet associated (PA), IgG, IgM and C3 levels were determined before therapy and on the 7th day after the first infusion (day 8) in 27 patients (36 courses). In spite of great variability, overall results showed a significant decrease in PA IgG (P less than 0.05), PA IgM (P less than 0.01) and PA C3 (P less than 0.001) at day 8. A significant inverse relationship was found between either PA IgG, or PA IgM or PA C3 levels, and platelets counts (respectively, r = -0.57, -0.55, -0.66, P less than 0.001). Our results also showed that pretreatment platelet counts were higher in patients with success therapy (25.8 +/- 16.9 X 10(9)/l) than in others (11.3 +/- 12.1 X 10(9)/l, P less than 0.001). This suggested that pretreatment platelet counts could help predicting the platelet response. PMID- 3157923 TI - Occlusal wear of four pit and fissure sealants over two years. PMID- 3157924 TI - Dental treatment of a malignant hyperthermia-susceptible child. PMID- 3157925 TI - Pediatric dentistry and the marketplace. PMID- 3157926 TI - Effects of intracranial self-stimulation on brain opioid peptides. AB - The neurochemical system(s) underlying brain stimulation reward (ICSS) has been investigated for many years. The catecholamine hypothesis is currently most accepted with predominant emphasis on the role of dopamine. The present report examines the role of three opioid peptides--Methionine and Leucine Enkephalin (ME and LE) and beta-Endorphin (beta-E) in this behavior. Peptide levels from pituitary, hypothalamus and whole brain were determined by independent RIAs and analyzed according to treatment: low, moderate and high ICSS responders, sham controls, animals receiving nonspecific stimulation, and naloxone--with and without ICSS. Not only did naloxone reduce ICSS from high responders by 74%, it also was able to reduce peptide levels--most notably for ME and beta E in most regions. Additionally, the effects of ICSS on endorphin levels was found to be related to the rate category of responding. Since endorphins are known to interact with dopamine systems, it is therefore considered likely that the endogenous opioid peptides play an important role in ICSS either directly or indirectly via their influence on catecholamine systems. PMID- 3157927 TI - Investigation of the combination of the agonist D-Trp-6-LH-RH and the antiandrogen flutamide in the treatment of Dunning R-3327H prostate cancer model. AB - The therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer and other sex-steroid-dependent tumors based on agonists of LH-RH has been made more practical and efficacious by the development of a long-acting formulation of microcapsules of D-Trp-6-LH-RH for controlled release. Antiandrogens, which neutralize the effect of endogenous androgens, have been used also in the management of prostate cancer in man. The effects of a simultaneous administration of the antiandrogen flutamide and microcapsules of the agonist D-Trp-6-LH-RH were studied in the Dunning R-3327H rat prostate adenocarcinoma model to determine whether the combination of these two drugs might inhibit tumor growth more effectively than single agents. Microcapsules of D-Trp-6-LH-RH, calculated to release a controlled dose of 25 micrograms/day for a period of 30 days were injected intramuscularly once a month. Flutamide was administered SC at a daily dose of 25 mg/kg. The therapy was started 100 days after the tumor transplantation and continued for 60 days. Tumor weights and volumes were significantly reduced in rats treated with microcapsules or flutamide alone, but the former drug inhibited tumor growth more than the latter. The combined treatment of flutamide and microcapsules significantly decreased tumor weight and volume, but did not exert a synergistic effect on tumor growth, the reduction being smaller for the combination than for the microcapsules alone. There was a significant elevation of serum testosterone, LH, and prolactin in rats treated with flutamide. On the other hand, in rats given microcapsules of D-Trp-6-LH-RH, testosterone fell to castration levels within 7 days and remained at nondetectable values, serum LH and prolactin levels being also suppressed in this group. The combined administration of microcapsules and flutamide also significantly decreased serum testosterone to nondetectable levels by day 7 and suppressed serum LH and prolactin. Our findings raise doubts of whether the daily administration of the combination of LH-RH agonist with an antiandrogen offers an advantage over the use of microcapsules of an agonist like D-Trp-6-LH-RH alone in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 3157929 TI - Keratoderma hereditaria mutilans (Vohwinkel's syndrome): a trial of isotretinoin. AB - An 8-year-old girl with the classic findings of keratoderma hereditaria mutilans (Vohwinkel's syndrome) was seen. Treatment with isotretinoin was instituted to decrease the hyperkeratosis and to prevent further autoamputation. After a 12 week course at 2 mg per kg per day, the patient had only minimal decrease in the amount of hyperkeratosis. Because of the well-known long-term risks of systematic retinoids and her suboptimal improvement, therapy was discontinued. PMID- 3157928 TI - Benign idiopathic versus mycosis fungoides-associated follicular mucinosis. AB - A study was undertaken in an attempt to identify useful histologic criteria that may allow differentiation between benign idiopathic and mycosis-fungoides associated follicular mucinosis. We chose young patients because no person under 20 years of age with coexisting follicular mucinosis and mycosis fungoides disease has ever been reported. Our three most important observations in benign juvenile idiopathic follicular mucinosis were as follows: The lymphocytic infiltrate was generally confined to follicular, perifollicular, or perivascular zones with no extension of either normal or atypical mononuclear cells into the epidermis or into papillary/reticular dermis. Within follicular epithelium there were dense collections of lymphocytes with occasionally atypical-appearing nuclei in three of the eight patients, but never as Pautrier microabscesses. There was absence of a significant associated plasma cell or eosinophil-containing inflammatory dermal infiltrate. These findings are in contrast to those of older patients with follicular mucinosis and mycosis fungoides. PMID- 3157930 TI - Contemporary therapy for acne. What, when, and how to prescribe. AB - The use of topical tretinoin (Retin-A) for comedonal lesions, benzoyl peroxide for inflamed papules and pustules, and topical or oral antibiotics for more severe or widespread disease gives excellent results for the majority of patients with acne. At present, oral isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) (Accutane) should be reserved for patients with severe nodulocystic acne whose condition has not responded to an accepted therapeutic regimen. Good patient rapport and follow-up are essential in the management of this common disease. PMID- 3157931 TI - Selection of cardiovascular studies. Indications for invasive and noninvasive testing. PMID- 3157933 TI - Inadequate provision for the young chronic sick. PMID- 3157932 TI - Coronary angioplasty and bypass surgery. Rational approach. PMID- 3157934 TI - [Various problems in the dental treatment of cardiac patients]. PMID- 3157935 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 3157936 TI - [Unexplained prolonged fever and inflammatory syndromes. Diagnostic value of abdominal X-ray computed tomography. Randomized prospective study of 36 cases]. AB - A randomized study was carried out in 36 patients to determine the diagnostic value of abdominal computerized tomography (CT) in protracted fever of obscure origin and/or unexplained inflammatory syndromes. There were no clinical or biological signs pointing to a diagnosis, and 55% of the patients had already been unsuccessfully explored in other hospital departments. CT was performed initially in group I patients and after some of 56 predetermined conventional examinations (including 20 considered "invasive") carried out in a definite order in group II patients. An early diagnosis could be made within 2 months in 17 patients (47%): 7 in group E and 10 in group II. The underlying disease was diagnosed in 4 cases in group I and 1 case in group II (where 4 other cases could have been diagnosed, had CT been performed earlier); the difference was not significant. Nor was there any difference between the two groups in the number of examinations performed, the cost of investigation and the duration of stay in hospital. However, a number of reasons are in favour of early CT examination in protracted fever: the so-called "invasive" explorations were uncomplicated in group I and complicated in 2 patients of group II; following randomization, a diagnosis was made by CT within less than 3 days in the 4 patients of group I, and there were neither false-positive nor false-negative results of CT. If CT had been performed early in all patients, 9 diagnoses would have been made, representing 25% of the cases or 1/2 of early diagnoses. Abdominal CT proved unable to establish the 10 late diagnoses (i.e. after a mean delay of 18 months). PMID- 3157937 TI - [Common migraine. Changes in conjugated and unconjugated catecholamines]. AB - Plasma levels of conjugated and unconjugated catecholamines were measured in 27 migraineurs between attacks, in 9 migraineurs 1 to 2 hours after the onset of an attack, and in 30 controls. There were no significant changes in conjugated catecholamines; in contrast, a significant rise (p less than 0.01; KS test) in unconjugated dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline levels was observed during attacks. These results confirm that migrainous attacks are associated with platelet activation and with overactivity of the sympathetic system. PMID- 3157938 TI - [Familial paroxysmal polyserositis. Previously unpublished peritoneal complications. A case]. AB - A young unmarried Lebanese woman presenting with periodic disease (familial paroxysmal polyserositis) since she was 3 months old developed recurrent abundant ascites at the age of 21 years. Several hundred millilitres of strongly eosinophilic fluid were evacuated. Exploratory laparotomy unexpectedly disclosed an encapsulating peritonitis with adhesions involving the small bowel and the ascending colon; there were masses of lipid-laden cells, clusters of cholesterol/crystals and marked mesoepithelial reaction. In view of the patient's dramatic response to colchicine 2 mg/day, these findings were regarded as being related to the periodic disease. PMID- 3157940 TI - [Development outbreak of ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis induced by a retinoid]. PMID- 3157939 TI - [Improvement of the tolerance of prolonged catheterization of radial artery]. AB - The incidence of thrombosis of the radial artery after long-term cannulation was evaluated in 84 patients randomly divided into two matched groups: polyethylene catheters were used in group A for a mean period of 9 +/- 1 days, and teflon catheters were used in group B for a mean period of 11 +/- 1 days. Thrombosis was diagnosed by bedside arteriography. Its incidence was 79% in group A and 9% only in group B. (p less than 0.001). It is concluded that the safety of radial artery cannulation is increased by using short teflon catheters. PMID- 3157941 TI - [Association of Menetrier's disease and diffuse colonic polyposis]. PMID- 3157942 TI - [Localization of medullary cancer of the thyroid gland by scintigraphy using meta iodo-benzylguanidine]. PMID- 3157944 TI - [Basedow's disease, Marfan's disease and mitral valve prolapse]. PMID- 3157943 TI - [Hormonal receptors in metastatic adenocarcinoma of unlocalized primary cancer]. PMID- 3157945 TI - [Hypothalamic endocrine disorders disclosing Bourneville's tuberous sclerosis]. PMID- 3157946 TI - [Dural arteriovenous fistula; value of X-ray computed tomography]. PMID- 3157947 TI - [Association of idiopathic lymphedema and familial acute leukemia. Apropos of a new case]. PMID- 3157948 TI - [Are anti-DNA antibodies truly directed primarily against DNA?]. PMID- 3157949 TI - [Value of guided puncture and needle biopsy for the diagnosis of localized bone lesions]. AB - The results of 20 puncture-biopsies and 43 needle-biopsies performed under local anaesthesia and guided towards a localized bone lesion under a fluoroscopic TV screen are reported. Malignancy was confirmed in 31 out of 36 cancerous bone lesions (83%). Metastases were demonstrated in 24/25 cases (96%) and malignant lymphocytic or plasmocytic lesions in 6/6 cases. There were no false-positive results with benign lesions. However, an accurate aetiological diagnosis was supplied by puncture- or needle-biopsy in only 1/5 cases of primary malignant tumour and in 1/6 cases of benign tumour. Guided puncture- or needle-biopsy seems to be particularly useful to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions, notably when bone metastasis is suspected. The technique can then be applied to those cases where puncture-biopsy of the posterior iliac crest is negative or even as first choice procedure if the bone lesion is not readily accessible. PMID- 3157950 TI - [Anti-arrhythmia effects of magnesium salts. 4 cases]. AB - Known since 1935, the antiarrhythmic effects of magnesium salts are periodically forgotten. They are illustrated here by 4 cases with entirely different clinical and biological features. Of unquestionable therapeutic value was the use of magnesium for the treatment of 2 episodes of severe ventricular extrasystoles with "torsades de pointe". These antiarrhythmic properties are observed whether blood magnesium levels are normal or low and cannot therefore be ascribed to correction of magnesium deficiency. Experimental data are in favour of interferences with transcellular ion flows. Magnesium is thought to ensure normal potassium gradient and also to reactivate the fast sodium channel inhibited by hypokalaemia. Above all, the magnesium ion appears to act as a calcium inhibitor, which would explain its antiarrhythmic properties irrespective of the state of magnesium body stores. PMID- 3157951 TI - [Tomodensitometry and cerebral scintigraphy. Respective indications]. AB - The comparative values of computerized tomography and radionuclide scan for the diagnosis of brain lesions were assessed on a series of 550 patients. A number of indications for each of these two methods have emerged from our results and from those found in the literature. The biases encountered in this type of study are discussed, and a "decision-making flow-chart" is proposed. The procedure of choice is computerized tomography in patients with suspected tumour or intracerebral haematoma, and radionuclide scan in those with suspected subdural haematoma or superficial cerebrovascular disease. The usefulness of clinical examination to determine precisely which of these two methods should be used cannot be overstressed. PMID- 3157952 TI - [Role of mechanical suture instruments in surgery of the appendix]. AB - Mechanical sutures can be used in some appendicectomies for closure of the caecum or of the caeco-appendicular junction. This technique is indicated in cases of necrosis of the appendix extending to the lower end of the caecum and in patients with very wide caeco-appendicular junction. In such cases, it provides a simple and safe solution, with reduced risk of sepsis, to the problem of appendicular ligature. PMID- 3157953 TI - [Treatment of torsades de pointes with magnesium sulfate]. PMID- 3157954 TI - [Treatment of bladder epithelioma with conservative surgery and radium therapy with iridium 192: the experience at Creteil Hospital (1971-9)]. PMID- 3157955 TI - [Cutaneous xanthoma, xanthelasma, and hypobetalipoproteinemia. An uncommon association of undetermined pathogenesis]. PMID- 3157956 TI - [Left hemothorax after translumbar aortography]. PMID- 3157957 TI - [On the need for establishing one's own reference values of apolipoproteins A1 and B in the detection of dyslipoproteinemia]. PMID- 3157958 TI - [Apropos of computed echo-tomography in abdominal injuries]. PMID- 3157960 TI - [Clinical lymphocyte markers: interpretation and indications]. PMID- 3157959 TI - [Torsades de pointes in alcoholics]. PMID- 3157961 TI - [Enterobacter cloacae and E. aerogenes septicemia: emergence of resistant variants (derepressed cephalosporinase) during treatment with third-generation cephalosporins]. AB - From three patients hospitalised in intensive care units with Enterobacter septicaemia (two cases with E. cloacae, and one with E. aerogenes), cefotaxime therapy, alone or in combination with an aminoglycoside, selected variants (R) with increased resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. The cross-resistance extended to all the beta-lactam antibiotics tested, penicillins and cephalosporins, including third-generation cephalosporins. The crude extracts of uninduced cultures of R variants showed high beta-lactamase activity and of the cephalosporinase type. These variants were selected in vitro with a frequency of 10(-6) to 10(-7) and may result from a mutation involving the regulation of Enterobacter cephalosporinases, usually inducible. Data from the literature indicated that this new type of resistance is actually emerging and observed not only in Enterobacter sp. The problem of emergence of R variants exhibiting cross resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics should be considered when third-generation cephalosporins are used. PMID- 3157962 TI - [A simplified severity index in resuscitation. Validation by a prospective study (280 cases)]. AB - The index studied (simplified acute physiology score, or SAPS) is calculated from 14 measurable clinical and laboratory data obtained during the first 24 hours from admission. It was tested in a prospective study involving 280 consecutive patients treated in a 16-bed intensive care unit. Good correlations were found between SAPS and mortality rate and between SAPS and the two most widely used scoring systems: the Knaus index or APS (acute physiology score) and the Cullen index or TISS (therapeutic intervention scoring system), both evaluating therapeutic effectiveness. SAPS data being easy to collect, the simplified index could be used in many intensive care units or even applied to old case-records. Its main value lies in comparisons between two groups of patients with the same death probability and in evaluations of activities in intensive care units. PMID- 3157963 TI - [Alcoholic epilepsy. Decrease of tryptophan levels in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid]. AB - The initial, functional stage of alcoholic epilepsy has been attributed to disturbances in neuromediators, including serotonin. Tryptophan, a precursor of serotonin, was assayed in 10 alcoholic patients with epilepsy and in a group of subjects with normal tryptophan metabolism and undisrupted blood-brain barrier. Tryptophan levels were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid and free and total tryptophan levels in plasma, using an automatized continuous flow method. Compared with controls, the alcoholic patients showed a highly significant decrease of all tryptophan fractions. PMID- 3157964 TI - [New antiarrhythmia agents: propafenone and flecainide]. AB - The electrophysiological and antiarrhythmic properties of two new drugs, propafenone and flecainide, are distinctly different from those of known products of the same therapeutic category. Compared with other class I (membrane stabilising) antiarrhythmic agents, propafenone exerts a beta-adrenergic inhibitory effect which may be clinically useful, and flecainide has a stronger depressant effect on intraventricular conduction. There is no prolongation of Q-T nor any risk of wave burst arrhythmia with either of these drugs. Their antiarrhythmic activities are superior to those of class I compounds currently available and they can be combined with amiodarone, which considerably potentializes these activities. Their extracardiac side-effects are rarely limitating. However, their intracardiac side-effects on the sinus node an on distal conduction may result in disorders of conduction or severe drug induced arrhythmia in patients with fragile conduction system or cardiac failure. PMID- 3157965 TI - [Technic for the indirect revascularization of corpus cavernosum in sexual impotence from distal arterial origin by double epigastro-veno-cavernous fistula]. AB - A new technique of indirect revascularization of the corpora cavernosa in patients with sexual impotence of distal arterial origin is described. It consists of a termino-lateral anastomosis between the epigastric artery and the deep dorsal vein of the penis, followed by a latero-lateral anastomosis between that vein and one of the corpora cavernosa. This double epigastro-venous and veno cavernous fistula has proved effective and has given satisfactory functional results in 5 patients followed up for a mean period of 12 months. PMID- 3157966 TI - [Evaluation of subcutaneous tissue by measurement of skin fold thickness and by ultrasonics. Value of the tricipital fold]. PMID- 3157967 TI - [Serum glycosylprotein determination (fructosamine test) in normo- or hyperglycemic subjects]. PMID- 3157970 TI - [Association of renal microaneurysms and nephroangiosclerosis]. PMID- 3157969 TI - [Procedure to follow in the presence of a Meckel's diverticulum discovered by chance]. PMID- 3157968 TI - [Adrenal myelolipoma with clinical symptoms]. PMID- 3157971 TI - [Dissecting aneurysm of the celiac trunk and the hepatic artery]. PMID- 3157972 TI - [Desferrioxamine in hemodialysis as the cause of Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia]. PMID- 3157973 TI - [Familial association of multiple sclerosis and chronic thrombopenic purpura. An argument for the autoimmune origin of multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 3157974 TI - [Primary pseudo-ovarian peritoneal carcinosis. 4 cases]. AB - Primary papillary carcinosis of the peritoneum is a rare disease seen in elderly women in whom no digestive or ovarian carcinoma could be detected. Its histological structure is identical with that of papillary carcinoma of the ovary. The 4 cases reported here were treated as advanced ovarian carcinomas, with multiple chemotherapy including doxorubicin and cis-platinum. Three patients were re-operated upon after 6 courses. Complete remission was obtained in all 4 cases, but the patients relapsed under maintenance therapy. The diagnosis must be suspected in elderly women presenting with unexplained carcinosis. This is particularly important since effective treatments can now be proposed, as for advanced ovarian carcinomas. PMID- 3157975 TI - [Obstructive myocardiopathy in the elderly. A retrospective study of 18 cases]. AB - From a retrospective study of 18 cases of obstructive cardiomyopathy in elderly people collected over a 5-year period, it appears that the incidence of the disease is probably underestimated. It seems to vary in severity, but only one third of the patients present suggestive clinical symptoms associated with an obvious obstructive syndrome. The best diagnostic method is phonomechanography, which is easy to perform, systematically completed by a pharmaco-dynamic test. Hyperkinesia and disorders of cardiac compliance add useful specific data to the clinical picture. Echocardiography provides information on cardiac anatomy and on the obstructive mechanism. Left ventricular function tests are of particular interest in these old-age patients with cardiopathy. In our opinion, the two non invasive methods are sufficient for a firm diagnosis, even when some criteria, notably ultrasonic, are lacking. Once the condition is diagnosed, the patient should be put on beta-blockers or calcium inhibitors, such as verapamil, which constitute an effective treatment. PMID- 3157976 TI - [Specific meningeal involvement in multiple myeloma]. AB - Meningeal involvement is extremely rare in multiple myeloma. Its characteristic features can be derived from the 3 cases presented here and from the 11 cases previously published. Specific signs of meningeal myelomatosis include convulsions, confusion, cranial nerve palsies and plasma cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. Meningitis develops in patients with high tumoral mass myeloma, leukaemic in one-half of the cases. Treatment is ineffective, and death occurs within a few months. PMID- 3157977 TI - [Hemorrhoidectomy by surgical excision with anoplasty by mucocutaneous suture]. AB - The technique suggested here consists of radical excision of the haemorrhoids with preservation of skin flaps which are sutured to the healthy rectal mucosa inside the anus. There is no traction nor sphincteral damage. This simple procedure, derived from the Whitehead's technique, is suitable for large haemorrhoids, notably when they are prolapsed and associated with lesions of the mucosa Resections "as required", with preservation of healthy mucocutaneous bridges, avoids the development of stenosis. Rectal palpation by the patients themselves twice a day from the 8th to the 30th post-operative days is essential. In a series of 150 cases evaluated 5 to 15 years after surgery, 9 out of 10 patients showed evidence of persistent success without functional sequelae. PMID- 3157978 TI - [Value of cytopheresis in the treatment of loaiasis]. PMID- 3157980 TI - [Cerebral vascular accident caused by alcohol-free licorice]. PMID- 3157979 TI - [Frequency and severity of dog bites]. PMID- 3157981 TI - [Anesthesia of the celiac plexus associated with epidural anesthesia for supra and infra-mesocolic surgery in the high risk patient]. PMID- 3157982 TI - [Cefmenoxime concentrations in cerebral ventricles during systemic treatment of Pseudomonas stutzeri ventriculitis]. PMID- 3157983 TI - [Treatment of hemorrhagic rectocolitis with 5-aminosalicylic acid enema]. PMID- 3157984 TI - [Characteristics of the functional systems regulating the growth and differentiation of the bony skeleton of healthy children and adolescents]. AB - A study was made of the hypophysis, thyroid, adrenals and an x-ray appearance of hand bones in children of normal and accelerated physical development. Groups of children that were homogenous by chronological age, turned out heterogenous by morphofunctional parameters. Accelerated processes of morphological and age-sex differentiation of the body in children and adolescents with accelerated growth and development were indicative of the functional tension of the hypothalamo hypophyseal system and gonadal, thyroid and adrenal activation. PMID- 3157985 TI - Glomerular C3b receptor loss in renal allografts. AB - There is almost no data from the glomeruli of allografted kidneys with respect to changes in the CR-1 (C3b) receptor expressed on glomerular podocytes. We studied 22 renal graft biopsies from rejecting and stable allografts, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. We found that the CR-1 expression was decreased in a focal and segmental fashion in some biopsies, particularly in rejecting kidneys. These changes correlated with the intensity of glomerular mononuclear cell infiltration, but in contrast no correlation was seen with peripheral capillary wall deposition of complement (C3). Thus, some active process is occurring in the glomeruli of rejecting grafts which affects the expression of the CR-1 receptor. PMID- 3157986 TI - Changes in left ventricular anatomy during haemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and after renal transplantation. AB - The changes in left ventricular anatomy in 30 patients with end-stage renal disease and stable cardiac function, undergoing regular haemodialysis (10 patients), continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (10 patients) and after successful renal transplantation (10 patients) were evaluated by M-mode echocardiography. Initially all had evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation. Reevaluation after a mean follow-up of 22 months on each mode of treatment showed that in the haemodialysis group the left ventricular mass and volume were increased, while in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and, especially renal transplantation, the hypertrophy and dilatation were reversed. This improvement was probably due to a reduction of cardiac workload. PMID- 3157987 TI - Cloning and sequencing of cDNA encoding the complete mouse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - The main ethanol-active alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1) in mouse liver (ADH-AA) is similar in catalytic and molecular properties to horse liver ADH-EE and to the human class I ADHs. We have isolated cDNA clones encoding the entire mouse liver enzyme plus flanking regions. A mixture of 16 different oligonucleotides, each 14 bases long, was used to screen a liver cDNA library made from a DBA/2J mouse. A strongly hybridizing clone was found and identified as an ADH-encoding cDNA by partial DNA sequencing. This clone was used as a probe to identify others. Two overlapping cDNA clones together contained the entire protein-encoding region plus 100 nucleotides of the 5' noncoding region and 133 nucleotides of the 3' noncoding region culminating in a short poly(dA) tail. The amino acid sequence of the mouse liver enzyme deduced from this cDNA closely resembles that of horse liver ADH-E: 316 of 374 residues are identical, and 29 of the differences are conservative substitutions. The 5' region of this cDNA is interesting: the AUG that initiates the ADH polypeptide is preceded by an AUG that would encode the first amino acid of a tripeptide. Presumably termination of this tripeptide is followed by reinitiation at the AUG immediately preceding the sequence of the mature ADH polypeptide. PMID- 3157988 TI - NH2-terminal arm of phage lambda repressor contributes energy and specificity to repressor binding and determines the effects of operator mutations. AB - Several lines of evidence indicate that the phage lambda repressor recognizes its operator by using, in part, an alpha helix (the "recognition helix"), which it inserts into the major groove of DNA. In addition to its recognition helix, lambda repressor has an "arm," consisting of the first six amino acids, that wraps around the DNA helix. We constructed plasmids that, in Escherichia coli, direct the expression of derivatives of lambda repressor that lack the NH2 terminal one, three, six, or seven amino acids. We studied these modified proteins in vivo and in vitro, and from our results we argue that the arm: contributes a large portion of the binding energy; helps to determine sequence specificity of binding and, in particular, the relative affinities for two wild type binding sites; determines entirely repressor's response to one operator mutation (a "back-side" mutation); magnifies repressor's response to other operator mutations ("front-side" mutations); and increases the sensitivity of repressor binding to salt concentration and temperature. PMID- 3157990 TI - Combination of long-acting microcapsules of the D-tryptophan-6 analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone with chemotherapy: investigation in the rat prostate cancer model. AB - The effect of combining hormonal treatment consisting of long-acting microcapsules of the agonist [D-Trp6]LH-RH (the D-tryptophan-6 analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone) with the chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide was investigated in the Dunning R-3327H rat prostate cancer model. Microcapsules of [D-Trp6]LH-RH formulated from poly(DL-lactide-co glycolide) and calculated to release a controlled dose of 25 micrograms/day were injected intramuscularly once a month. Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) (5 mg/kg of body weight) was injected intraperitoneally twice a week. When the therapy was started 90 days after tumor transplantation--at the time that the cancers were well developed-and was continued for 2 months, tumor volume was significantly reduced by the microcapsules or Cytoxan given alone. The combination of these two agents similarly inhibited tumor growth but did not show a synergistic effect. In another study, the treatment was started 2 months after transplantation, when the developing tumors measured 60-70 mm3. Throughout the treatment period of 100 days, the microcapsules of [D-Trp6]LH-RH reduced tumor volume more than Cytoxan did, and the combination of the two drugs appeared to completely arrest tumor growth. Tumor weights also were diminished significantly in all experimental groups, the decrease in weight being smaller in the Cytoxan-treated group than in rats that received the microcapsules. The combination of Cytoxan plus the microcapsules was 10-100 times more effective than the single agents in reducing tumor weights. In both experiments, testes and ventral prostate weights were significantly diminished, serum testosterone was suppressed to undetectable levels, and prolactin values were reduced by administration of microcapsules of [D-Trp6]LH-RH alone or in combination with Cytoxan. These results in rats suggest that combined administration of long acting microcapsules of [D-Trp6]LH-RH with a chemotherapeutic agent, started soon after the diagnosis of prostate cancer is made, might inhibit the proliferation of androgen-dependent and -independent cells, improve further the therapeutic response, and increase the survival rate. PMID- 3157989 TI - Lysosomotropic agents selectively potentiate thrombin-induced acid hydrolase secretion from platelets. AB - Thrombin induces partial secretion (up to 60%) of beta-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52) from untreated platelets. Preincubation of platelets with 10 mM NH4Cl for up to 2 hr resulted in a time-dependent and marked stimulation of thrombin-induced secretion of both this enzyme and other acid glycosidases from platelets. The enhancement of the thrombin-induced secretion was not due to cell lysis, and NH4Cl alone did not cause leakage of lysosomal enzymes into the medium. The effect could be reversed by reincubating the platelets in NH4Cl-free medium. Stimulation of thrombin-induced secretion also was produced by a series of aliphatic primary amines from methylamine to butylamine, and by micromolar concentrations of chloroquine. The effect of weak bases on platelets appeared to be quite specific for enhancing lysosomal enzyme secretion. Thrombin-induced secretion of adenine nucleotides from dense granules and of beta-thromboglobulin from alpha granules was slightly enhanced by NH4Cl but was slightly inhibited by methylamine. The only direct effect of the weak bases on platelets was the displacement of serotonin from dense granules. Accumulation of weak bases in acidic pools in the platelets (e.g., lysosomes) might, therefore, be responsible for the enhanced secretion of lysosomal enzymes. By using controlled digitonin induced platelet lysis, it was found that preincubation of platelets with NH4Cl lowered the digitonin concentration required for enzyme solubilization. We suggest that loading of lysosomes with weak bases dissociates already bound enzyme inside the lysosomes, resulting in a more effective discharge upon stimulation by thrombin. PMID- 3157992 TI - Characterization of the spo0A locus and its deduced product. AB - The highly pleiotropic stage 0 sporulation locus of Bacillus subtilis, spo0A, has been cloned in bacteriophage lambda, subcloned in plasmids, and sequenced. The locus was found to code for a protein of 29,691 Da. Analysis of the in vivo transcripts from this region by nuclease S1 protection experiments located the start and stop of transcription of the locus. The transcription start site was preceded by a promoter resembling sigma 37-dependent promoters. Two mutations originally assigned to a second locus, spo0C, in this region because of their weakly pleiotropic phenotypes were cloned and sequenced. The mutations were found to be different missense alterations in the same base of the 10th codon preceding the carboxyl end of the Spo0A protein. These results, along with the finding that mutations in the spo0A gene product [Hoch, J. A., Trach, K., Kawamura, F. & Saito, H. (1985) J. Bacteriol. 161, 552-555] suppress the requirement for spo0B, spo0E, and spo0F gene products in transcription from sigma 28-dependent promoters, suggest that the Spo0A protein interacts directly with the transcription machinery to effect the initiation of sporulation. The deduced amino acid sequence of the Spo0A protein was highly related to that of the OmpR regulatory protein of Escherichia coli. PMID- 3157991 TI - Protein kinase C regulates ionic conductance in hippocampal pyramidal neurons: electrophysiological effects of phorbol esters. AB - The vertebrate central nervous system contains very high concentrations of protein kinase C, a calcium- and phospholipid-stimulated phosphorylating enzyme. Phorbol esters, compounds with inflammatory and tumor-promoting properties, bind to and activate this enzyme. To clarify the role of protein kinase C in neuronal function, we have localized phorbol ester receptors in the rat hippocampus by autoradiography and examined the electrophysiological effects of phorbol esters on hippocampal pyramidal neurons in vitro. Phorbol esters blocked a calcium dependent potassium conductance. In addition, phorbol esters blocked the late hyperpolarization elicited by synaptic stimulation even though other synaptic potentials were not affected. The potencies of several phorbol esters in exerting these actions paralleled their affinities for protein kinase C, suggesting that protein kinase C regulates membrane ionic conductance. PMID- 3157994 TI - Propagation of some human DNA sequences in bacteriophage lambda vectors requires mutant Escherichia coli hosts. AB - The growth of clones of human genomic DNA fragments in a bacteriophage lambda vector has been examined in a number of different Escherichia coli hosts. A large proportion (8.9%) of the phages carrying different fragments of the human genome fail to grow on standard rec+ hosts but will grow on hosts carrying mutations in the recB, recC, and sbcB genes. Heteroduplex analysis in the electron microscope of DNA from four of these phages revealed substantial secondary structure, including snap-back regions 200-500 base pairs in length. Such structures were not found in phages from the same DNA library that grow in rec+ hosts. These results are interpreted in the light of prior observations [Leach, D.R.F. & Stahl, F. (1983) Nature (London) 305, 448-451] showing that inverted repetitions cloned in phage lambda can be propagated in recB recC sbcB hosts but not in rec+ hosts. PMID- 3157993 TI - Pertussis toxin inhibits fMet-Leu-Phe- but not phorbol ester-stimulated changes in rabbit neutrophils: role of G proteins in excitation response coupling. AB - Addition of pertussis toxin to rabbit neutrophils inhibits the fMet-Leu-Phe- induced increases in Na+ influx and in intracellular pH. In addition, pretreatment of the cells with the toxin inhibits the decrease in the levels of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and the enhanced production of phosphatidic acid produced by the chemotactic factor fMet-Leu-Phe. Furthermore, the fMet-Leu-Phe-induced changes in the phosphorylation of a 46-kDa protein and of several other proteins are also inhibited by the toxin. On the other hand, the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced increases in the phosphorylation of several proteins are not inhibited by the toxin. PMA, but not its inactive analogue 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13 didecanoate, was also found to stimulate Na+ influx and to increase the intracellular pH in rabbit neutrophils. These ionic effects, like those produced by fMet-Leu-Phe, are inhibited by amiloride. The stimulated Na+ influx and H+ efflux produced by the phorbol ester, on the other hand, are not inhibited by pertussis toxin. The results reported here suggest that the activity of the Na+/H+ antiport in neutrophils is regulated by protein kinase C; that the G protein system, either directly or indirectly, is involved in the stimulus response coupling sequence in these cells; and that the toxin acts at, or prior to, the steps responsible for the activation of phospholipase C, and it does not affect the sequence of reactions initiated by the activation of the protein kinase C. PMID- 3157997 TI - Previous child with trisomy 21 and abortion rate. PMID- 3157995 TI - D-Tryptophan-6 analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone as a protective agent against testicular damage caused by cyclophosphamide in baboons. AB - Possible protective effects of the agonist [D-Trp6]LH-RH (the D-tryptophan-6 analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone) against testicular damage caused by cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) were investigated in subhuman primates. Three adult male baboons (Papio anubis) were first subjected to normal semen evaluation by using electroejaculation. The average baseline count for the animals ranged from 95.7 X 10(6) to 585.7 X 10(6) sperm per ml with 90% normal forms and 85% motility with excellent rapid forward progression. After baseline evaluations, two of the animals were treated with daily subcutaneous injections of 0.5 mg of the agonist [D-Trp6]LH-RH. There was an initial rise in serum testosterone after 1 week, but testosterone fell to castration values at 1 month and continued at these levels during treatment with the agonist. There was also an initial rise in sperm concentration 1 month after treatment was started, but after 2 months the animals were azoospermic. After 13 weeks of therapy with [D-Trp6]LH-RH, these two baboons and a third untreated control animal were given cyclophosphamide at a dose of about 3 mg/kg of body weight per day for 4 months. The two animals pretreated with [D-Trp6]LH-RH, continued to receive this agonist until 1 week after the last dose of Cytoxan. In one of the two baboons treated with Cytoxan and the LH-RH agonist, the white blood count fell below 4000 per microliter, and the dose of Cytoxan had to be reduced to 1.5 mg/kg per day for 12 days. The control animal developed azoospermia after 4 months of treatment with cyclophosphamide, and serum testosterone increased while sperm count decreased. Four weeks after the agonist was stopped, serum testosterone in both animals pretreated with [D Trp6]LH-RH returned to normal levels. The control animal showed a small amount of nonmotile sperm 2.5 months after cessation of treatment, but after 9 months remains oligospermic with poor sperm motility. In one of the animals treated with LH-RH agonist, semen analysis returned to normal pretreatment values 8 months after withdrawal of treatment. The other animal remains oligospermic 10 months after therapy, but the motility is improving. These preliminary results suggest that treatment with LH-RH agonist might decrease the gonadal damage caused by some chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 3157996 TI - Polyclonal antibodies to phospholipid/Ca2+-dependent protein kinase and immunocytochemical localization of the enzyme in rat brain. AB - Antisera against phospholipid/Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) were raised in rabbits. Immunospecificity of the polyclonal antibodies, as determined by immunoblot and ELISA, was shown by their reactivity to the enzyme but not to other protein kinases or any of many other proteins tested. Immunocytochemical localization of the kinase in rat brains revealed that although the enzyme was distributed broadly in different brain regions, it was highly restricted to the periphery of the nucleus of neurons in cerebral cortex and to axons and cells strongly resembling oligodendroglia in white-matter regions. Initial electron microscopy of cerebral cortex revealed that the enzyme was highly concentrated in the presynaptic terminals, and only rarely were labeled postsynaptic specialization elements seen. It is suggested that the discrete localization of the enzyme, which is distinct from that of the calmodulin/Ca2+-dependent system, may be related to certain biological and functional aspects of brain that are regulated by Ca2+ at the level of protein phosphorylation. PMID- 3157999 TI - Some uses of television with hospitalized and handicapped children. PMID- 3157998 TI - Down syndrome live births and prior spontaneous abortions of unknown karyotype. PMID- 3158000 TI - DNA tertiary structure of disk-shaped toruses: an in vitro viral DNA model system. PMID- 3158001 TI - Heterogeneity of proteoglycans from tissue cultured human neuroblastoma cells. PMID- 3158002 TI - Docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 omega 3) and linoleic acid are anti-aggregatory, and alter arachidonic acid metabolism in human platelets. AB - Effects of various concentrations (12.5-500 uM) of linoleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 omega 3)(sod. salt) were examined on the platelet metabolism of labelled arachidonate (AA) under two different incubation conditions. In the first platelets were pretreated with either fatty acid prior to incubation with labelled AA; and in the second incubation platelets were incubated with a mixture containing a fatty acid (linoleic acid or DHA) and labelled AA. At all concentrations the two fatty acids reduced the formation of TxB2. At lower concentrations (up to 200 uM) the fatty acids inhibited platelet cyclooxygenase as shown by a reduced formation of prostaglandins (PGs) and TxB2. At higher concentrations (400 and 500 uM), however, the fatty acids behaved differently. Although TxB2 formation was reduced, there was observed an increased formation of PGs. In DHA pretreated platelets only PGE2 increased (to double control values). Platelets pretreated with linoleic acid produced increased amounts of all PGs (PGF2 alpha, PGE2, PGD2), and this effect was greatest for PGE2 which increased by 5-6 fold of control values. DHA showed a dose-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by arachidonate, epinephrine and collagen. PMID- 3158003 TI - Decreased prostacyclin production in Down's syndrome. PMID- 3158004 TI - Altered responses to serotonergic agents in Fawn-Hooded rats. AB - The incidence of "wet dog" shakes elicited by quipazine, the hyperthermic response induced by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5MeODMT) and the hypothermic response to 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) were compared in rats of the Fawn-Hooded (FH) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) strains. The behavioral responses of FH rats to quipazine and 5MeODMT were significantly greater than those of SD rats. On the other hand, the hypothermic effect of 8-OH DPAT in FH rats was significantly less than that elicited in SD animals. The present results are supportive of the view that the responsiveness of serotonergic mechanisms in the CNS of FH rats differs markedly from those in SD animals. PMID- 3158005 TI - Serotonin antagonist pirenperone inhibits sexual behavior in the male rat: attenuation by quipazine. AB - Peripheral administration of the serotonin (5-HT) antagonist pirenperone produced a dose dependent inhibition of sexual behavior in sexually naive and experienced male rats. In Experiment 1, both 75 micrograms/kg and 150 micrograms/kg pirenperone significantly reduced the proportion of naive males mounting, while 150 micrograms/kg also reduced the proportion of naive males intromitting and ejaculating. In Experiment 2, both 75 micrograms/kg and 150 micrograms/kg pirenperone significantly increased mount and intromission latencies in sexually experienced males, as well as decreased intromission frequency, with 150 micrograms/kg more potent in each regard. The 150 micrograms/kg dose also increased the post-ejaculatory interval, and decreased both mount frequency and copulatory efficiency. In Experiment 3, both 150 micrograms/kg pirenperone and 3 mg/kg of the 5-HT agonist quipazine produced significant inhibition of male sexual behavior; however, when co-administered, inhibitory effects of each drug were significantly attenuated. The mutual attenuation of effects by a 5-HT agonist and a 5-HT antagonist suggests that the observed effects of both of these drugs were serotonergically mediated. In the final experiment, the 5-HT antagonist ketanserin was shown to inhibit sexual behavior in a manner similar to that of pirenperone. Results suggest a facilitatory, as well as an inhibitory role for 5-HT in male sexual behavior. PMID- 3158006 TI - Observations on the effects of some antiaggregating drugs on platelet specific protein discharge after a very weak stimulus. AB - Platelet adhesion, aggregation, secretion, and survival have been shown to be changed in atherosclerosis disease and thromboembolic phenomena thus further increasing interest on antiaggregating drugs. In this paper we present some evidence that 8-chlorocarbochromen and carbochromen are significantly effective in preventing the discharge of platelet specific proteins from platelets subjects to a very weak stimulus while acetylsalicylic acid and aminophylline are ineffective in this regard. PMID- 3158007 TI - The effect of low frequency peripheral stimulation on the tail-flick reflex and evoked cortical potentials in the rabbit. AB - The effects of low frequency peripheral electrical stimulation of innocuous intensity (LES) on the tail-flick latency and the amplitude of the late component of the cortical potentials evoked by single electrical stimuli (20-40 ms latency) were studied in 59 awake and restrained rabbits. Increase of the tail-flick latency and profound decrease of the amplitude of the late positive component of evoked cortical potentials was observed in 50 animals. Five animals of this group and five animals from a group of 9, resistant to electrostimulation, were tested to the analgesic effects of morphine using the same criteria. Positive effects were found in the former but not in the latter group. Naloxone (0.1 mg/kg) profoundly decreased the effects of LES which suggests that an opioid mechanism is involved in the action of conditioning electrostimulation. Pretreatment of the animals with serotonin depletor p-CPA resulted in partial blockade of the effects of LES. The blockade was removed by administration of serotonin precursor 5-HTP. This is in agreement with the hypothesis that the opioid effects are partially exerted through serotoninergic descending pathways. PMID- 3158008 TI - Free amino acids in the spinal cord and ganglia of dogs after ligation of the abdominal aorta. AB - The authors studied the effect of 40 min and 6 days occlusion of the abdominal aorta on the aspartate [Asp], glutamic acid [Glu], glutamine [Gln], glycine [Gly] and alanine [Ala] concentration in both parts of the grey matter of the lumbosacral cord, in the spinal ganglia and along the dorsal fasciculi. After 40 min ischaemia, an increase was found in the Glu, Gln, Gly and Ala concentration in the dorsal part of the grey matter and in the Glu, Gly and Ala concentration in the spinal ganglia. In the ventral part of the grey matter only the Ala concentration was increased. After 6-day ligation, the Asp and Gly concentration fell in the ventral horns, while the Gly concentration rose in the dorsal horns. The Ala and Asp concentration in the spinal ganglia rose. After this interval the Asp and Glu concentration also rose in the fasciculus gracilis. The Ala/Glu concentration ratio showed the most pronounced increase in the central horns of the grey matter. PMID- 3158009 TI - Number of synaptic vesicles in rat cortical synapses one hour after termination of a seizure during kindling. AB - Repeated electrical stimulation of the sensorimotor area in the rat cerebral cortex at 10-min intervals led to the formation and progressive lengthening of self-sustained after-discharges [SSAD]. One hour after the third SSAD ended, we evaluated the number of synaptic vesicles in type I synapses according to Gray in the second cortical layer of the homotopical part of the unstimulated hemisphere in the vicinity of the active synaptic zone and the total number of vesicles in sections of the presynaptic bag. We also made a semiquantitative evaluation of exocytotic and endocytotic activity on the presynaptic membrane. No statistically significant differences between the experimental and the control animals were demonstrated in any of the ultrastructural parameters studied. Persistent hyperexcitability of the tissues one hour after the SSAD ended was evidently due to other synaptic transmission mechanisms, which cannot be detected by morphological methods. PMID- 3158010 TI - The effect of short-term temperature changes on the adhesivity of nerve cells. Participation of DNA molecules on non-specific cellular adhesion. AB - Brain cells from 16 to 18-day-old mice embryos were dissociated by mild trypsinization and sieving. Immediately after dissociation the cells were preincubated in a PBS solution at -6 to +54 degrees C for 3 and 20 min. After this preincubation cells were rotated for 60 min at 37 degrees C in the PBS solution. Cellular adhesivity was estimated during this time period and EM pictures of organized in vitro aggregates after 24-28 h were taken. In a separate series of experiments, freshly dissociated were treated with DNAase before the rotation procedure. Preincubation in a cold or a warm medium did not alter the inhibition of cellular adhesivity significantly. Distinct inhibition of cellular adhesion was observed in cells preincubated above 53 degrees C. Adhesion was also inhibited below -5 degrees C, however, this effect was mainly dependent on the rate of freezing and thawing. Digestion of dissociated cells with DNAase (20 micrograms/ml) decreased cell adhesion. At 37 degrees C the adhesivity decreased by about 20%. Aggregates of cells preincubated at 0 degrees C for 20 min did not exhibit marked EM changes after 24-28 h in vitro. The present results have shown the rather high resistance of molecules responsible for cellular adhesion and its reversibility to temperature changes. Furthermore, non-specific cellular adhesion was shown on physically active DNA molecules. PMID- 3158011 TI - Bicuculline activation of embryonic spontaneous motility. AB - The activating effect of bicuculline on spontaneous central motor output activity was studied in chick embryos from the 11th to the 19th day of incubation by means of spontaneous motility. When applied onto the embryonic membranes, bicuculline [1 mg X kg-1 egg weight] significantly activated embryonic motility from the 15th day of incubation. In 15-day embryos it increased spontaneous motility 2.5-fold and in 17- and 19-day embryos 3.5-fold. The role of supraspinal factors in the activating effect of bicuculline increased with development. In 15-day embryos it accounted for 56.7% and in 17-day embryos for already 84.6% of the total effect of bicuculline. Antagonism was manifested between bicuculline and the inhibitory amino acids glycine and GABA; in the case of GABA it was quantitatively more pronounced. The results of this study of development of the activating effect of bicuculline and its antagonism with gamma-aminobutyric acid are evaluated from the aspect of the connecting-up and development of central GABA-ergic components in the regulation of embryonic motility. PMID- 3158012 TI - Effects of hypoxia on respiratory defence reflexes. Effects of thirty hours' oxygen deficiency on cough, the expiration reflex and sneezing in awake cats. AB - The authors studied, in 11 awake adult cats, the parameters of the expiration reflex (ER), tracheobronchial (TB) and laryngopharyngeal (LPh) cough, the respiratory rate (f), tidal volume (VT), the end tidal fractional CO2 concentration (FETCO2), the pH, the blood gases and the heart rate during 30 hours' isobaric hypoxic hypoxia (FO2 = 0.11). During the whole 30 hours the cats developed hypocapnic hypoxemia, f remained unchanged and VT was markedly elevated. In the acute phase (15 min) of hypoxic hypoxia of the same intensity, changes in respiratory parameters were the same and the intensity of respiratory reflexes increased significantly (Tatar et al. 1984). During prolonged hypoxic hypoxia there were no statistically significant changes in the intensity of the ER and of TB and LPh cough. The authors assume that some adaptation of the central mechanisms regulating the defence reflexes of the airways took place; this hypothesis is warranted, because an increase in the susceptibility of the cough centre during constant conditions of the stimulation of cough receptors would not be biologically expedient. The different changes in the intensity of respiratory defense reflexes in the acute and the prolonged phase of hypoxic hypoxia in the presence of identical changes in respiratory parameters are further indirect evidence pointing to the existence of functional differences between the respiratory centre and the cough centre. PMID- 3158013 TI - Long-term effect on the immune status of defined diets during the early postnatal period in the rat. AB - Germ-free and conventional infant rats delivered by hysterectomy were reared artificially, using one of two diets--diet LNa (with a high saturated fatty acid content) and diet K 50 (with a high unsaturated fatty acid content). Animals reared for a short time (up to 5 days) after birth on the LNa diet had a low antibody (PFC = plaque-forming lymphocyte) response and low resistance to Yoshida's sarcoma. Rats reared on the K 50 diet had the same response as the suckled controls. The first 5 days after birth were found to be the decisive period for long-term consequences of nutrition. PMID- 3158014 TI - Solubilization and immunochemical identification of mitochondrial glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - Lysophosphatidylcholine (contrary to Lubrol WX, Triton X-100, digitonine and deoxycholate) solubilizes hamster brown fat mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase without inactivation. Optimal ratio of lysophosphatidylcholine and membrane protein for solubilization of the enzyme was found to be 0.25 mg of lysophosphatidylcholine per mg protein. The activity of solubilized enzyme, however, was not affected by low concentrations of Lubrol WX, Triton X-100, digitonine, Zwittergent TM 314. Deoxycholate exhibited a pronounced inactivating effect. One-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis of the solubilized membrane proteins revealed 10 protein bands, 3-4 of which exhibited the enzyme activity. Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis revealed only a single main band of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. This technique thus appears to be the best means for the identification of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the mixture of solubilized membrane proteins and for concentration of the enzyme activity in one major precipitating band. PMID- 3158015 TI - Effect of a pause on action potentials of the working ventricular myocardium of human embryos. AB - The effect of a period of rest (Tp) lasting from 5 to 120 s on the action potentials (AP) of the ventricular myocardium of 9- to 11-week human embryos was studied. The result was shortening of the AP proportional to the duration of the pause and it was accompanied by a shift of the AP plateau phase to more negative membrane voltages. Shortening of the AP during the pause was more pronounced in solutions with a half extracellular calcium concentration. Recovery from the effect of the pause took place significantly more slowly in solutions with the lower extracellular calcium concentration than in the presence of a normal concentration. PMID- 3158016 TI - Effect of a low sodium medium, ouabain and noradrenaline on relaxation of the myocardium of the perfused rabbit heart. AB - Random stimulation of the perfused heart allows relationships between the rate of contractions (dP/dtmax), the size of contraction (Pmax) and the rate of relaxation (dP/dtmin) of contractions of varying intensity to be studied. The present study concerns these relationships during perfusion with ouabain, a low sodium medium and noradrenaline. Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused with Tyrode solution (O2 95%, CO2 5%, 36.4 degrees C), the isovolumic contractions of the left ventricle were recorded and the right ventricle was stimulated at random for 30 s (pulse width 10 ms, voltage double the threshold value). Perfusion was then switched over to perfusion with ouabain solution (10(-6) mol.l-1), with noradrenaline solution (10(-6) mol.l-1) or with low sodium solution (with 31% of the normal Na concentration). When spontaneous contraction size had attained a stable level, random stimulation was repeated. During random stimulation, dP/dtmin was directly proportional to Pmax (dP/dtmin = k1.P max) and to dP/dtmax (dP/dtmin = k2.dP/dtmax). Ouabain and low sodium did not change k1 or k2 and noradrenaline did not change k2. The increase in k1 during noradrenaline perfusion corresponds to shorter duration of contraction. It was found that dP/dtmax, which corresponds to the sarcoplasmic calcium concentration at the outset of activation, was the main factor determining the relaxation rate during ouabain, noradrenaline and low sodium perfusion. PMID- 3158017 TI - Physically corrected orthogonal electrocardiographic lead systems in macaques and baboons. AB - The adequacy of various physically corrected electrocardiographic lead systems for lower primates was compared with the aid of physical models of the cardiac electrical field. Electrolytic tanks fashioned from plaster casts of the thorax of young adult male and female macaques and baboons were used. A dipole source situated at different points in the heart region simulated the electrical activity of the heart. Statistical evaluation and reciprocal comparison of the resultant parameters showed that the proposed modification of the McFee-Parungao lead system for macaques and baboons was most satisfactory, followed by the human variant of the same lead system and then by the variant for dogs. The greatest variability was displayed by parameters determined from measurements made with Frank's lead system, which was ranked last in the evaluation. PMID- 3158018 TI - A cytophotometric and karyometric study of the cardiac muscle cells of young rats exposed to intermittent high altitude hypoxia. AB - Thirty-day-old rats were exposed to intermittent high altitude in barochamber (7000 m, 4 h per day, 4 exposures) and number of mono- and binucleated myocytes as well as DNA content per nucleus were determined in the right ventricular myocardium. The data indicate enhancement of mitotic division of mono- and binuclear diploid cells in hypoxic animals. Simultaneously, an increase in mononuclear and binuclear tetraploid cells occurred; the latter is probably due to DNA synthesis not followed by mitosis of some binuclear diploid cells. PMID- 3158019 TI - Management of angina pectoris. AB - Management of angina pectoris begins with recognition of the disorder and with an assessment of the extent and severity of the underlying disorder. Management includes adjunctive measures, antianginal drug therapy, and mechanical (surgery, angioplasty) options. PMID- 3158020 TI - [Psychotherapeutic possibilities in patients with definitive movement disorders]. AB - Since traumas leading to severe and permanent physical handicaps affect the whole personality, the psychological approach plays a major role in the rehabilitation of patients with locomotory handicaps owing to injury. The harmful effects become apparently more easily on account of the disturbed personality development of the cripple, and the consequent mental changes complicate his or her reintegration into society. Rehabilitation measures intended to restore, as far as possible, the physical functions can only yield satisfactory results if they prepare the whole personality of the cripple--as a combined psychological and somatic entity- for life of a different quality. PMID- 3158021 TI - Chronic low back pain and depression. PMID- 3158022 TI - Chronic granulomatous disease--a special problem in dentistry. PMID- 3158023 TI - Barriers to dental treatment experienced by a group of physically handicapped adults in Hertfordshire, England. PMID- 3158024 TI - [Preparation of the dental assistant for care of the handicapped]. PMID- 3158025 TI - Peripheral, abdominal, and interventional applications of DSA. AB - The role of intra-arterial and intravenous digital subtraction angiography in abdominal imaging is described. Means of optimizing digital imaging in abdominal and interventional applications are discussed. PMID- 3158026 TI - NY: home health nurses: independent contractors. AR: Red Cross R.N. traveling: Worker's Comp. PMID- 3158027 TI - [Postoperative peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3158028 TI - [Current problems in diagnosing and treating lymphedema of the limbs]. PMID- 3158030 TI - [Preoperative preparation of the colon]. PMID- 3158029 TI - [Surgical risk of patients with obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 3158031 TI - [Osteosynthesis with an external Burghele fixation device]. PMID- 3158032 TI - [Pancreatic hydatid cyst]. PMID- 3158033 TI - [A case of traumatic hemobilia in a child]. PMID- 3158034 TI - [Primary hydatid cyst of the great epiploon with spontaneous rupture. Hydatid peritonitis]. PMID- 3158035 TI - [Use of the carcinoembryonic antigen in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer]. PMID- 3158036 TI - [Effect of vagotomy on gastric electrical activity]. PMID- 3158037 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic aspects of pancreatic pseudocyst]. PMID- 3158038 TI - [Response of the body to aggression]. PMID- 3158039 TI - Metabolism of medroxyprogesterone acetate and hepatic drug metabolism activity. AB - The effect of microsomal enzyme activity on the hepatic metabolism of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), measured in vitro, and the MPA concentrations in liver and plasma were investigated in rats with intact and injured livers before and after MPA therapy. The amount of total MPA metabolites and the activity of drug-metabolizing enzyme system changed in a parallel manner in the livers. The ratio of liver/plasma concentration of MPA was decreased in the liver injury. The hepatic metabolism of MPA is accelerated during MPA treatment in rat. PMID- 3158040 TI - Biliary excretion of acetaminophen in diabetic and hyperthyroid rats. AB - In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats the biliary excretion of total acetaminophen (AA) was reduced to 14.1% of the dose (100 mg/kg i.v.) as compared to 24.6% in controls. This was due to a significant decrease in the amounts of AA sulfate and AA-glucuronide, whereas the AA-GSH excretion was not altered. These effects were paralleled by a marked decrease in the bile flow in diabetic rats. In hyperthyroid rats (pretreated with 0.1 mg/kg T3 for 4 days) no significant alterations in the total AA or AA-conjugate excretion into bile were observed; moreover bile flow in hyperthyroid rats was in the same range as for controls. In all, known changes in hepatic microsomal or cytosolic enzyme and cosubstrate concentrations during the diabetic or hyperthyroid state do not at all correlate with their influence on the biliary excretion of AA and its conjugates. PMID- 3158041 TI - Effect of metabolic acidosis on glycolysis in rat submandibular glands. AB - A decreased intracellular pH of exocrine glands could be an important factor in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis. Metabolic acidosis was induced in rats by adding ammonium chloride to the drinking water. An increased content of both total proteins and glycoproteins was found in the submandibular glands of the treated animals. The activities of the glycolytic enzymes - hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase - were also increased in these glands, whereas the activity of creatine phosphokinase was unchanged. The changes of protein concentration and enzyme activities in the submandibular gland of acidotic rats agree with findings in patients with cystic fibrosis and cultured fibroblasts from these patients. The acidotic rat might be a new promising animal model for cystic fibrosis research. The finding of increased enzyme activities in acidotic rats is, however, contrary to findings in other animal models of the disease. PMID- 3158042 TI - Plasma beta-endorphin-like-immunoreactivity levels and hemodynamics in patients with septic shock. AB - Plasma beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-ELIR) levels were measured during hyper and hypodynamic phases of septic shock in patients (n = 36) due to a variety of microorganisms. Plasma beta-ELIR levels were elevated in all groups, but were most marked in patients with hyperdynamic circulation due to gram positive and gram-negative organisms, followed by hypodynamic circulation due to gram-negative organisms and were least elevated in hypodynamic shock due to gram positive organisms. There was strong correlation between plasma beta-ELIR levels and cardiac index in patients with a hyperdynamic circulation (gram-negative organisms, rs = 0.79, p less than 0.01; gram-positive, rs = 0.85, p less than 0.01) but little to no correlation in patients with hypodynamic circulation (gram negative, rs = 0.32, p = NS; gram-positive organisms rs = 0.04, p = NS). These results imply that plasma beta-ELIR levels may be involved in the early phases of septic shock and may contribute to a hyperdynamic circulation, whereas plasma beta-ELIR levels may be normal or may not be related to hypodynamic circulation as seen in later phases of shock. PMID- 3158043 TI - Cardiac actomyosin ATPase activity after chronic doxorubicin treatment. AB - Doxorubicin (Adriamycin), a potent antineoplastic drug, produces progressive cardiotoxicity which may lead to ultimate cardiac failure. The effects of chronic doxorubicin treatment on cardiac actomyosin ATPase were the principal focus of the present studies. This approach was based on the established correlation between cardiac contractility and contractile protein ATPase activity. Rabbits were injected intravenously with doxorubicin (4 mg/kg) at weekly intervals for 1 7 weeks. Body weight increase was attenuated in the treated animals; heart weight/body weight ratio was unchanged. Actomyosin and water contents of ventricular muscle were not different in doxorubicin-treated as compared with vehicle control animals. Cellular damage was detected histologically after one dose of doxorubicin (equivalent to a single clinical dose), and was extensive after 4-5 weeks of treatment. Animals which received 1-2 injections of doxorubicin demonstrated a 29% average increase in actomyosin ATPase activity as compared to vehicle controls; this difference was highly significant (p less than 0.001). Further treatment with doxorubicin tended to progressively decrease ATPase activity. It is suggested that the increased actomyosin ATPase activity seen with low total doses of doxorubicin may represent a compensatory mechanism for maintenance of contractility; this interpretation is supported by the clinical observation that the morphologic evidence of progressive doxorubicin toxicity is not associated with a parallel decrease in contractility, until severe cumulative toxicity has been induced. PMID- 3158044 TI - Characterization of calmodulin-dependent and cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase stimulation of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport. AB - The mechanism by which calmodulin stimulates Ca2+ transport in cardiac microsomal preparations enriched in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was investigated. Under incubation conditions in which the majority of the phosphoprotein formed was Ca2+ dependent and no phospholamban phosphorylation was observed (10 degrees C, 15-sec incubations in the presence of 2 microM ATP), calmodulin was found to have no effect on the steady-state level of the acylphosphate phosphorylation site of Ca2+-ATPase. A significant stimulation of Mg2+, Ca2+-ATPase activity by calmodulin and a 3-fold increase in the turnover of the Ca2+ pump were, however, observed. As the ATP concentration in the incubation media was elevated (20 and 200 microM ATP), a significant degree of phosphoprotein formed was observed to be cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent. The degree of Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation remained constant. Under these conditions, calmodulin had no effect on the degree of phosphoprotein formed. However, when the experiments were conducted at 30 degrees C for 5 min in the presence of 500 microM ATP, a significant amount of the phosphoprotein formed was calcium-calmodulin-dependent and was additive to phosphoprotein formation observed in the presence of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The ratio of calcium-calmodulin-dependent to cAMP-dependent phosphorylation was 1:1. K+ (110 mM) decreased the levels of phosphorylation observed in the presence of calcium and calmodulin, but had less of an effect on the levels observed in the presence of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Autoradiographic analysis of SR membranes labeled with [32P]-ATP revealed two protein bands (24,500 and 40,000 daltons) phosphorylated in the presence of added calcium and calmodulin that were not observed in the absence of either of these additions to the reaction media. These results suggest that calmodulin stimulates Ca2+ transport by a direct effect on the Mg2+, Ca2+-ATPase. An indirect effect on Ca2+ transport via a calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, though, cannot be ruled out. PMID- 3158045 TI - Quantitation of cardiac messenger RNA in heart-muscle biopsies. AB - A method has been developed that allows the direct quantitation of cardiac messenger RNA in heart-muscle biopsies. This provides a new tool to directly assess changes in cardiac gene expression in cardiac biopsies. Using this method, we have analyzed changes in cardiac gene expression during induction and regression of triiodothyronine-induced heart hypertrophy, during development of heart atrophy secondary to starvation and protein depletion, in adriamycin cardiomyopathy, and in patients with mitral-valve diseases. PMID- 3158047 TI - Catecholamine-induced necrosis and hypertrophy. Hemodynamic factors. AB - Catecholamine-induced myocardial hypertrophy and necrosis in rats have been measured and compared following treatment with different catecholamines. Significant degrees of both hypertrophy (whether measured as biventricular weight or biventricular/body weight ratio) and necrosis (measured by enzyme histochemical techniques on a standardized series of cryostat sections through the apex of each heart) occurred following 10 days' treatment with daily isoproterenol (0.5 or 5 mg/kg s.c.) or dobutamine (5 mg/kg s.c.) (N = 6-12). These agents given to conscious restrained animals lowered blood pressure and increased heart rate for 3, 6, or 1 hr, respectively. Neither hypertrophy nor necrosis occurred after norepinephrine (1 mg/kg) or dopamine (5 mg/kg); both these agents acutely increased blood pressure for about 30 min. Hemodynamic factors may therefore contribute to catecholamine-induced necrosis, which may in turn contribute to the associated hypertrophy. PMID- 3158046 TI - Coronary hyperemia and cardiac hypertrophy following inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. Evidence of a regulatory role for cytosolic phosphorylation potential. AB - Oxfenicine (S-4-hydroxyphenylglycine) is a cardioselective inhibitor of long chain fatty acid oxidation. In anesthetized dogs, oxfenicine (3.3 mg/kg, i.v.) increased myocardial blood flow by 33% under normal conditions and by 71% during isoprenaline infusion, but produced no other hemodynamic changes. Similar results were obtained with two other inhibitors of fatty acid oxidation, 2-bromopalmitate and 2-tetradecylglycidate. Chronic administration of oxfenicine to dogs for 1 year produced dose-related, nonpathological increases in relative heart weight (up to 85% at 750 mg/kg per day). Smaller effects (up to 30% at 900 mg/kg per day) were observed in a similar study in rats. Cardiac hypertrophy has previously been reported in rodents treated with 2-tetradecylglycidate. Moreover, cardiomegaly is frequently observed in cases of carnitine deficiency. We therefore suggest that coronary hyperemia and cardiac hypertrophy following either inhibition of fatty acid oxidation or an increase in cardiac work load may be adaptive changes triggered by a common mechanism-namely, a fall in cytosolic phosphorylation potential. In support of this, oxfenicine decreased the phosphocreatine/creatine ratio in rat hearts perfused in the presence of oleate. These findings suggest the possibility that metabolic abnormalities may provide the key to many idiopathic cardiomyopathies of uncertain origin. PMID- 3158048 TI - Cellular hyperplasia and hypertrophy, capillary proliferation and myoglobin concentration in the heart of newborn and adult rats at high altitude. AB - Newborn rats and their mothers were subjected to a simulated altitude of 5000 m for 4-5 weeks. Weight, capillary density (CD), fiber cross-sectional area (AF) and capillary-to-fiber ratio (C/F) of right (RV) and left (LV) ventricles and myocardial myoglobin (Mb) concentration were measured weekly in the newborns and at the end of the high altitude sojourn in the adults. Results were compared to sea level controls. In the adults, adaptive changes were only observed in the right ventricle. In newborns both, RV and LV, exhibited significant alterations. After 2 weeks at 5000 m the ventricular weight increase was 223% (RV) and 40% (LV) in the newborns and 96% in the adults' RV. Whereas only fiber hypertrophy was detectable in the RV of the dams, cardiac weight increase of the acclimatized neonates resulted from both, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the myocytes. Appropriate capillary proliferation kept CD constant. Cardiac Mb concentration did not change. We conclude, that capillary neoformation primarily counteracts the increase of the O2 diffusion distance due to fiber hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia. PMID- 3158050 TI - [Lipoma of the corpus callosum. A case report]. PMID- 3158049 TI - [General and psychopathological aspects of cerebral arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 3158051 TI - [Clinical and physiopathological aspects of a case of recurrent polyradiculoneuritis zoster]. PMID- 3158052 TI - [Early mortality in cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 3158053 TI - [Prognosis in obsessive-phobic disorders in childhood and adolescence]. PMID- 3158054 TI - [Evolution within the 1st years of its onset: a prognostic criterion in schizophrenia?]. PMID- 3158055 TI - [Chronic alcoholic psycho-organic syndrome with an acute heterotoxic episode]. PMID- 3158056 TI - [Pierre Janet (1859-1947)]. PMID- 3158057 TI - [Sebum and seborrhea]. PMID- 3158058 TI - [Transdermal clonidine: a new therapeutic approach in essential hypertension?]. PMID- 3158059 TI - Photodynamic therapy with hematoporphyrin derivative in cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract. AB - An historical overview is given of the development of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with hematoporphyrin derivative for the treatment of malignant tumors. Results in patients with superficial, and non-superficial esophageal cancer and with early gastric cancer is described, with case illustrations and follow-up. Due to the difficulty in early stage diagnoses and in determining all cases of lymph node involvement, this form of treatment should be employed primarily in inoperable early-stage cancer, to reduce the extent of resection, or to render previously inoperable cases operable. Combination with other treatment modalities and the effects of PDT on histologically different tumor types, need to be further examined. PMID- 3158060 TI - [Insomnia caused by administration of para-chlorophenylalanine: reversibility by peripheral or central injection of 5-hydroxytryptophan and serotonin]. AB - Parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) produces a total insomnia with a permanent discharge of pontogeniculooccipital (PGO) activity. We studied the reversibility of this insomnia in physiological slow-wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical sleep (PS) after 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) and serotonin (5HT) administration. Whereas D-5HTP (5 mg/kg) had no effect, parenteral injection of L-5HTP (2.5 mg/kg) or DL 5HTP (5 mg/kg) immediately suppressed PGO activity, then gave rise to the return of SWS and PS with delays of 26 and 60 min, respectively. Intraventricular or intracisternal administration of 5HTP (250 to 1500 micrograms) or 5HT produced physiological sleep with variable delays. If chloramphenicol (which selectively suppresses PS in normal cat) is administered in a PCPA-pretreated cat, 5HTP still suppressed PGO activity and gave rise to a lower amount of SWS but did not restore PS. The results suggest that 5HTP is rapidly decarboxylated into 5HT in restoring the PGO gating effect. Thus, 5HT would seem to act as a classic neurotransmitter. The long latency for PS (and its suppression by chloramphenicol) suggests that 5HT would appear to be a neurohormone controlling another sleep-inducing factor. PMID- 3158061 TI - Idiotypic-antiidiotypic interactions in man. AB - Anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies are directed against antigenic determinants expressed by the antigen-binding region of the immunoglobulin molecules. Their interaction with antigen receptors on immune cells modulates the immune response. In man auto-anti-Id antibodies have been demonstrated. These antibodies not only participate in the regulation of the immune response, but can result in disease as in the case of acquired angioedema with B cell malignancy and possibly in autoimmune diseases. Anti-Id antibodies may be useful tools in cancer immunotherapy and in the production of vaccines. PMID- 3158062 TI - Back surgery: helping your patient get through it. PMID- 3158063 TI - An alternative to back surgery--for some patients. PMID- 3158065 TI - [Long-term results of the surgical treatment of lumbar stenosis]. AB - Among 163 patients who underwent surgery for a degenerative lumbar stenosis, 79% were re-examined and evaluated retrospectively (2 to 14 years following surgery), using a functional grading scale. The grading scale (up to 20) assessed limping, radicular pain at rest and with effort, back pain, motor deficits, sphincter dysfunction, medication required, and quality of life. Satisfactory results were obtained in 83% with 87% reporting substantial functional improvement. Limping and radicular pain at rest responded most rapidly to surgical intervention. Subsequent disappearance of residual radicular pain occurred in 13% whether present at rest or with effort. Episodic radicular pain with effort persisted however, in approximately one-quarter of all patients, generally in those with more pronounced pain before surgery. One out of four patients had complete relief of back pain and most often without performing an arthrodesis. Major neurological deficits resolved extremely slowly but completely in six out of ten patients. On the grading scale of 20, four recovery profiles could be identified: a perfectly stable result (60%), regular improvement (14%), improvement with episodic aggravation of symptoms (19%) and subsequent worsening (8%). Overall, a second surgical intervention had to be performed in 5% of patients with complete bony excision or arthrodesis (for vertebral slippage or for back pain). PMID- 3158064 TI - [An unrecognized cause of spinal pain : meningoradiculitis. Apropos of 3 cases with predominant spinal pain]. AB - Meningoradiculitis can present as a very short episode of radicular pain in addition to vertebral column pain without stiffness, as described in these three cases. The diagnosis requires examination of the cerebrospinal fluid, which should be a routine part of the diagnostic work up for back pain when an inflammatory etiology can not be identified. PMID- 3158066 TI - [Fasting and postprandial blood glucose in subjects with crural pain and sciatica]. AB - The search for diabetes in a patient with crural neuralgia is well established practice. The prevalence of diabetes in the general population is not known, and studies attempting to demonstrate a relationship between diabetes and radiculopathies have been inconclusive. In the present study, fasting and postprandial blood glucose determinations, as well as 14 other parameters, were analyzed in 88 patients with classical sciatica, 27 with crural neuralgia, and 42 with only back pain. Multidimensional statistical analysis revealed that patients with crural neuralgia were older than those with classical sciatica or only back pain, and that there were no differences in blood glucose regulation. The concept that diabetes is found more frequently in patients with crural neuralgia should be revised, since age appears to be the only factor responsible for changes in glucose regulation. PMID- 3158067 TI - Appearance of different lymphoid cells in synovial tissue and in peripheral blood during the course of collagen II-induced arthritis in rats. AB - The involvement of different sets of lymphoid cells in the development of collagen II-induced arthritis in rats was studied by means of immunohistochemical analyses on frozen sections of tissue from joint biopsy specimens taken at different phases of arthritis development. Particular attention was paid to cells involved in early pannus formation. Accumulation of anti-Ia-reactive cells close to the cartilage surface was seen early in the development of pannus, and the anti-Ia reactive cells could in later phases be seen infiltrating cartilage and crowding bone surfaces at sites of marginal erosion. With the help of monoclonal anti-T-cell subset antibodies and rabbit anti-rat immunoglobulin antiserum, it was demonstrated that synovial infiltration of T lymphocytes, particularly W3/25 reactive T "helper" cells, occurs very early in the development of arthritis, whereas a moderate increase of Ox 8-positive 'suppressor/cytotoxic' T cells and a small number of B cells and plasma cells are seen later in the course of the disease. Levels of Ia-expressing cells and of T cells belonging to different subsets were recorded in peripheral blood by means of immunocytochemical analyses on cell smears; no significant deviations from normal levels were seen during the development of arthritis. PMID- 3158068 TI - Immunological studies in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Functional studies of lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - The lymphocyte transformation response in vitro to mitogens (phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen) and antigens (purified protein derivative and tetanus) was studied in three patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), three patients with pre-AIDS, and six healthy controls before and after depletion of T4- or T8-positive cells. In controls, T8-depleted lymphocytes responded as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) when monocytes were added, whereas T4-depleted cells gave about 50% of this response to mitogens and no response at all to antigens. No evidence of suppression was seen when various mixtures of T4- and T8-depleted cells were made. In particular, there was a virtually linear relationship between the percentage of T8-depleted cells and the response to antigens. The PBMC of all AIDS and pre-AIDS patients had very low or absent responses to mitogens and antigens, and except in one case, this response did not increase after depletion of T8-positive cells (and addition of monocytes), indicating that these patient cells also lack suppressor activity in this assay. However, a significantly increased response to mitogens was seen when the T8-depleted suspensions were adjusted to contain 20,000 T4 positive cells per well, but the response was still significantly lower than that of similar suspensions from controls. Thus, not only are the poor responses of PBMC from AIDS and pre-AIDS patients due to a low concentration of T4-positive cells, but the responsiveness of these cells also seems deficient. Furthermore, T8-positive patient cells also have an impaired responsiveness. Our experiments do not exclude the possibility that the low response is due to a T8-negative suppressor cell, but it seems more likely that both the T4- and the T8-positive cells are deficient and/or that there is a deficiency in accessory cells. These possibilities are currently under study. PMID- 3158069 TI - The influence of haematoporphyrin derivative and visible light on murine skin graft survival, epidermal Langerhans cells and stimulation of the allogeneic mixed leucocyte reaction. AB - The influence of combined photochemical treatment with a haematoporphyrin derivative and visible light on antigen-presenting cells was evaluated. Treatment of murine skin grafts with this procedure prolonged their subsequent survival on allogeneic recipients. The haematoporphyrin derivative and light decreased the ATPase activity of epidermal Langerhans cells in murine skin. When stimulator cells in a human allogeneic mixed leucocyte reaction were treated with the haematoporphyrin derivative and light, they lost their stimulatory capacity. It is proposed that the haematoporphyrin derivative and visible light interfere, on analogy with ultraviolet radiation, with the function of antigen-presenting cells. PMID- 3158070 TI - Comparative in vitro activity of three new quinolone antibiotics against recent clinical isolates. AB - New orally absorbable quinolone derivatives, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin demonstrated excellent activity in vitro against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus sp. indole positive, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and enterococci. None of the 3 drugs was more than moderately effective against Bacteroides fragilis. Ciprofloxacin was 2-4 times more effective against most gram-negative strains than was either norfloxacin or ofloxacin, and was also the most effective against gram-positive strains, though the difference was less marked. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were almost equally effective against S. aureus. Results with agar and with broth were comparable. The activities of all 3 drugs were essentially independent of inoculum size, as the MIC values increased less than one dilution step when the inoculum was increased from 10(3) to 10(6). The new quinolone derivatives would appear to be promising alternatives to injectable drugs such as the aminoglycosides and cephalosporins. PMID- 3158071 TI - Comparative in vitro activity of norfloxacin and seven other antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates from urinary tract infections. AB - The in vitro activity of norfloxacin, a new quinolone derivative, was tested against 469 clinical isolates derived mainly from urinary samples from outpatients. It inhibited all Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca and Proteus strains at a concentration of 0.25 micrograms/ml, and all Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus and Enterococcus strains at a concentration of 8 micrograms/ml or less. Norfloxacin proved to be more effective than nalidixic acid, trimethoprim, mecillinam and nitrofurantoin against all gram negative rods tested. PMID- 3158072 TI - [Hepatitis B immunization--when is a booster injection necessary?]. AB - Over 10,000 high risk individuals in the Zurich area have been vaccinated against hepatitis B with 3 initial injections of 20 micrograms H-B-Vax. The question arises whether, and if so when, booster injections should be given. Concentrations and persistence of the protective anti-HBs antibodies of 158 successfully vaccinated individuals (medical staff, patients on hemodialysis or with renal transplants) were analyzed. The anti-HBs behaved typically in most individuals, reaching maximum levels in the 7th month (1 month after the third vaccine injection) and then falling gradually, more rapidly in the next following month than later. Persistence of antibodies depended on the maximum anti-HBs concentration reached initially. Three years after the first vaccine injection anti-HBs concentrations had fallen below 10 mIU/ml in all healthy individuals with initial concentrations between 10-99 mIU/ml, in 44% vaccinees with initial titers between 100 and 499 mIU/ml, in 17% individuals with initial anti-HBs between 500 and 1499 mIU/ml but in none of the vaccinees whose antibodies had originally been higher than 1500 microIU/ml. Anti-HBs were undetectable in 6% of all medical staff members, in 30% of hemodialysis patients and in 59% of patients with renal transplants. Several policies for booster injections are discussed. One possible approach is to measure anti-HBs in all vaccinees after completion of the initial immunization, a further booster injection being recommended individually on the basis of the calculated time when anti-HBs fall lower than, for example, 10 mIU/ml having regard to the initial anti-HBs concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3158073 TI - [Ciprofloxacine: evaluation of its biliary elimination in man]. AB - To investigate the possibility of therapeutic use of ciprofloxacin in infections of the biliary tract, the serum and bile kinetics, and the biliary, urinary and fecal elimination of this new broad-spectrum quinolone were studied in 12 recently cholecystectomized patients with T-tube drainage. Ciprofloxacin concentrations were determined by simultaneously performed HPLC and microbiological assay in serum, urine, and bile over a 24-hour period following oral administration of a single dose of 500 mg of the drug. The two methods yielded similar values both in the serum and in the urine. Average peak serum concentrations were 0.97 +/- SEM 0.17 microgram/ml (HPLC) and 1.08 +/- 0.19 microgram/ml (microbiological assay) (NS). The respective mean urinary concentrations in the first 6-hour sample were 267 +/- 74 micrograms/ml and 241 +/- 58 micrograms/ml (NS). In bile, however, the microbiological assay gave higher values than HPLC:average peak concentrations of 10.3 +/- 3.4 micrograms/ml and 7.5 +/- 2.8 micrograms/ml (p less than 0.02) respectively, reached during the 2nd hour after drug administration, and mean total 24-hour biliary ciprofloxacin output of 2167 +/- 288 micrograms and 1587 +/- 222 micrograms (p less than 0.01) respectively. This may point to hepatic transformation of ciprofloxacin to more active metabolite(s) than the parent compound. The significantly higher concentrations of ciprofloxacin in bile than in serum exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration for organisms usually responsible for biliary infections. These infections may, therefore, be favorably affected by ciprofloxacin. PMID- 3158075 TI - DNA elements are asymmetrically joined during the site-specific recombination of kappa immunoglobulin genes. AB - Immunoglobulin K genes are constructed during lymphocyte differentiation by the joining of two DNA elements, VK and JK, to form both a VKJK coding unit and a reciprocal recombination product. The two products formed in single VK-to-JK joining events can be directly isolated through the use of a retrovirally introduced recombination substrate. The structural analysis of a number of recombinants and the derivation of secondary recombination products define some of the basic features of the mechanism of immunoglobulin gene assembly. PMID- 3158076 TI - In vivo function and membrane binding properties are correlated for Escherichia coli lamB signal peptides. AB - Wild-type and pseudorevertant signal peptides of the lamB gene product of Escherichia coli interact with lipid systems whereas a nonfunctional deletion mutant signal peptide does not. This conclusion is based on interaction of synthetic signal peptides with a lipid monolayer-water surface, conformational changes induced by presence of lipid vesicles in an aqueous solution of signal peptide, and capacities of the peptides to promote vesicle aggregation. Analysis of the signal sequences and previous conformational studies suggest that these lipid interaction properties may be attributable to the tendency of the functional signal peptides to adopt alpha-helical conformations. Although the possibility of direct interaction between the signal peptide and membrane lipids during protein secretion is controversial, the results suggest that conformationally related amphiphilicity and consequent membrane affinity of signal sequences are important for function in vivo. PMID- 3158074 TI - [Quantitative determination of blood flow in the internal jugular vein using ultrasound]. AB - The cross-sectional area of the internal jugular vein was measured in 8 normal healthy subjects and in two patients having AV malformations in the internal carotid circulation using a linear-array scanner with facilities for computerised planimetry. Mean blood flow velocity was measured at the same site of the vessel by means of continuous-wave Doppler flowmeter. The product of the two values was considered to indicate volume flow. The mean value for bilateral flow was 656 +/- 113 ml/min in the normal series. In the two patients the values were 1 331 ml/min and 860 ml/min respectively. PMID- 3158077 TI - Sclerotic changes of the manubrium sterni. AB - Six females with nearly identical sclerotic and hyperostotic changes of the manubrium sterni are reported. Malignancies, bacterial inflammatory processes, and Paget disease, which were first suspected, could be excluded. The youngest patients also had sclerotic changes of other bones, including the lumbar spine, the pubic bone, and the clavicle, and may be classified as having "chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis" (CRMO). The two oldest patients had ossification of the costoclavicular ligament(s) and may be classified as having "inter-sterno-costo-clavicular ossification" (ISCCO). One had only hyperostotic and sclerotic changes as seen in "sterno-costo-clavicular hyperostosis" (SCCH). The pathogenesis of these uncommon diseases is unknown, but they are all frequently associated with pustulosis palmo-plantaris and have similar clinical courses and laboratory abnormalities. None of the present patients had HLA-B27. The similarity of the radiological abnormalities of the manubrium sterni suggests that the diseases themselves may be similar, but with different courses depending on age, CRMO being present in children and young adults and ISCCO or SCCH in older adults. PMID- 3158079 TI - Fixed atlantoaxial rotary deformity with bilateral facet dislocation. AB - A 21-year-old patient with Down syndrome who developed rotary atlantoaxial dislocation of C1 and C2 following an upper respiratory infection is presented. Techniques for detection and quantification of this potentially serious dislocation using multidirectional tomography and computerized tomography are described. PMID- 3158078 TI - Scintigraphic localization of bone lesions during surgery. AB - Nuclear medicine provides several methods for increasing the accuracy of surgical removal of bone lesions with focally increased uptake. In this paper, three intraoperative procedures are discussed: remote control by imaging, intraoperative control by imaging, and intraoperative control by scintillation probe. All techniques require preoperative injection of bone imaging tracer. Remote operative control calls for a gamma camera to mark the skin over the lesion prior to surgery, providing optimal preoperative localization and imaging of the excised lesion to ensure complete removal. Intraoperative control procedures require that a portable camera or a scintillation probe be used in the operating room; these permit direct monitoring of localization and resection. Our experience with 18 procedures performed on 15 patients suggests that these techniques are worthy of continued use. PMID- 3158081 TI - Importance of satisfactory reporting in the care of patients covered by workers' compensation. AB - The workers' compensation system has become an increasingly important part of our medical care system. That this system presents problems to attending physicians is apparent. Most of these problems result from ignorance on the part of physicians, born of the lack of effective training in this area and its dependence upon timely and complete reporting. This paper emphasizes the importance of communication and suggests simple procedures by which the attending physician can accomplish this. It is incumbent upon the medical profession to involve itself in controlling the cost of health care delivery. PMID- 3158080 TI - Skin disease and handicap: an analysis of the impact of skin conditions. AB - This research sought to quantify the handicapping effect of skin conditions in a far more rigorous way than had previously been attempted. One hundred people who had attended a hospital outpatient clinic during a specified period for treatment of their acne, psoriasis or eczema were interviewed in their homes. A comprehensive and structured interview schedule was used and interviewees were encouraged to talk at length about the impact that their skin conditions had had on their lives. Detailed data were collected that show the serious effect that these diseases can have in several domains. The findings record not only the physical discomfort and inconvenience sufferers may meet but also the consequences for their personal and social life and daily functioning. There is evidence from interviewees' employment experiences of limited opportunities, and functional and interpersonal difficulties in the workplace. 64% of people said that their skin disease affected their socio-economic activity. The extent to which sufferers experienced embarrassment, anxiety, a lack of confidence and depression is documented. 40% of people felt that their social life was affected and there was evidence of particular stresses and demands in personal relationships. The social impact of skin disease is discussed. PMID- 3158082 TI - [Early detection of rectal cancer in annual mass screening of the population]. PMID- 3158083 TI - [Prevalence of rheumatic diseases in a tropical climate]. PMID- 3158084 TI - [Prevention of large and giant postoperative hernias]. PMID- 3158085 TI - [Treatment of hernias of the anterior abdominal wall in middle-aged and old patients]. PMID- 3158086 TI - Results of phase I of the in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer programme at Tygerberg Hospital. AB - Phase I (3 June - 31 October 1983) of the in vitro fertilization (IVF) programme at Tygerberg Hospital is outlined in this article. This programme led to the birth of the first IVF baby in South Africa after fertilization and embryo transfer (ET) took place at this institution. The baby was born on 29 April 1984; a second baby was born on 20 June 1984. During phase I 24 laparoscopies were performed; 32 oocytes were obtained from 56 follicles, of which 62,5% were fertilized. Eleven ETs were performed, which led to 3 pregnancies. An ongoing pregnancy rate of 18% per ET and a pregnancy rate of 12,5% per laparoscopy were achieved. PMID- 3158087 TI - Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984: legislative history and summary of provisions. AB - This article describes the legislative history of the Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984 (Public Law 98-460), and contains a summary of the provisions in the new law. Major provisions include: standards for continuing disability reviews (CDR's) of disability insurance (DI) beneficiaries and supplemental security income (SSI) recipients who get payments based on disability or blindness; the right of a DI beneficiary or an SSI recipient to have payments continued during appeal of a CDR decision to an administrative law judge that disability or blindness has ceased; and suspension of CDR's of mentally impaired persons until the evaluation criteria for mental impairments are revised. The new law was enacted in response to problems that arose as a result of the implementation by the Social Security Administration (SSA) of a provision in the 1980 disability amendments that required periodic CDR's. In enacting the new law, Congress intended to assure more accurate, consistent, and uniform disability decisions at all levels and equitable and humane treatment not only to beneficiaries who must undergo CDR's but also to new applicants for DI benefits or SSI payments based on disability or blindness. PMID- 3158088 TI - The unmet needs of family caregivers for frail and disabled adults. AB - This study examines the efforts and needs associated with family care for disabled and frail adults. A survey of 117 primary caregivers focused on: the health problems associated with caregiving; the existence of informal, family support systems; the use of formal social services, and the need for additional social service programs. Most caregivers report physical and emotional problems due to caregiving ranging from hypertension and back problems to depression and mental exhaustion. The characteristics of caregivers at high risk for health problems are identified. Less than half of the caregivers have family or friends to assist them with caregiving. At least one type of social service was being used by over 80% of caregivers, with utilization patterns in male and female caregivers. Based on the study findings, several policy implications are reviewed. PMID- 3158089 TI - Primary repair of gastroschisis with umbilicoplasty. PMID- 3158090 TI - Hepatic artery infusion for metastatic neoplastic disease. AB - Specific conclusions can be drawn concerning HAI in the treatment of neoplastic hepatic disease. Over-all, a rate of response of 50 per cent is noted, with the results of more recent studies showing improved response rates as measured by a CEA marker. There are extremely few, if any, complete responders. Nonresponders have one-half the survival time of responders. The median time of survival in patients who have received HAI is about one year. There have been series in which the mean survival rate is greater than that in historical control patients, but no one has demonstrated this fact with a matched group of patients in a prospective controlled trial; many such controlled trials are now underway. The duration of survival in patients receiving treatment is strongly influenced by the development and progression of extrahepatic lesions. Placing HAI catheters by laparotomy is more dangerous to life, but the morbidity is higher with percutaneous HAI. On the other hand, patients treated percutaneously have a much higher incidence of thrombosis of the hepatic artery and of other problems related to the catheter, including migration and dislodgment, so that treatment is compromised. The high numbers of patients treated by percutaneous therapy in the past who had an increased incidence of thrombosis of the hepatic artery perhaps have had some influence on the response rate. The technology of HAI has improved rapidly and markedly during the last several years with the development of such pumps with advanced design as the totally implantable, refillable and rechargeable infusion pump. What is needed now are studies designed to determine the best agent or combination of agents that can be administered through these advanced systems. Long term, controlled clinical trials of HAI in the ambulatory patient are underway, but the results are not yet available. PMID- 3158091 TI - Comments on two recent papers dealing with the teratogenicity of medroxyprogesterone acetate. PMID- 3158092 TI - Enhanced platelet release reaction, shortened platelet survival time and increased platelet aggregation and plasma thromboxane B2 in chronic obstructive arterial disease. AB - Plasma beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) level, platelet aggregation (PA) in platelet rich plasma, platelet survival time using 111Indium radiolabelled platelets and platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin (PGI2) were measured in chronic obstructive arterial disease (COAD) patients. Severity of the disease was assessed by the ankle pressure index using Doppler auscultation. Platelet survival time was shorter, plasma beta TG and TXB2 and the rate and extent of PA induced by ADP or 1-epinephrine (but not collagen) were greater in the patients than in controls. Beta TG was inversly correlated with the pressure index and positively with TXB2 indicating increased platelet TXA2 synthesis. Platelet sensitivity to PGI2 was similar in the patients and controls. These results indicate increased platelet consumption and enhanced in vivo platelet activation and PA in COAD. The enhanced activation correlates with the severity of the disease and the activated platelets presumably synthesize increased amounts of TXA2. It is therefore concluded that platelets might be involved in the pathogenesis of COAD. The normal platelet sensitivity to PGI2 suggests that the administration of the compound may improve the abnormal platelet function in COAD patients and may attenuate the progression of the disease. PMID- 3158093 TI - Changes in plasminogen activator activity and plasmin inhibition in the pig during experimental hypovolaemia. AB - A markedly decreased plasminogen activator activity (PAA) was seen in lung, heart and kidney after experimental hypovolemia in the pig. In 2 of 12 cases, an increased PAA was found in liver and spleen. In skeletal muscle, skin, sciatic nerve and in 10 of 12 cases in liver and spleen PAA was unchanged. A slightly increased plasmin inhibition was noted only in the lung. These changes in tissue PAA were reflected by an increase in the PAA of euglobulin fractions concomitant with a decrease in antiplasmin activity in the blood samples obtained during the bleeding experiments. PMID- 3158094 TI - Effects of plasmin on rabbit platelets. AB - The effects of plasmin have been examined because platelets may be exposed to plasmin in vivo and treatment of platelets with plasmin shortens platelet survival. Rabbit plasmin was prepared by urokinase activation of plasminogen immobilized on lysine-Sepharose. Plasmin caused rabbit platelets to aggregate and release the contents of their amine storage granules, but aggregation was slower than in response to ADP or thrombin. EDTA, prostaglandin E1, or creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase were inhibitory, but indomethacin was not. Deaggregation did not occur when platelets had been aggregated by a concentration of plasmin that caused extensive release of granule contents. EDTA or prostaglandin E1 caused deaggregation. Low concentrations of ADP and plasmin acted synergistically in causing platelet aggregation. Plasmin decreased the amounts of platelet membrane glycoproteins that stained with periodic acid-Schiff reagent; glycoprotein I was more susceptible than glycoprotein II and III. Concentrations of plasmin that induced the release of amine storage granule contents also released PAS-staining granule glycoproteins. Platelets incubated with plasmin, washed and resuspended, were not aggregated by ADP, but were aggregated strongly by the combination of fibrinogen and ADP, and bound 125I fibrinogen to a greater extent than untreated platelets. Platelets preincubated with a high concentration of plasmin were unresponsive to thrombin, but were sometimes aggregated by fibrinogen. Plasmin decreased the buoyant density and increased the median size of platelets. Thus plasmin, as well as ADP and thrombin, may contribute to the density shift observed in platelets from rabbits in which thrombosis and continuous vessel injury have been induced. PMID- 3158096 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the lower limbs]. PMID- 3158095 TI - Neutralisation of heparan sulphate and low molecular weight heparin by protamine. AB - The neutralisation by protamine sulphate (PS) of heparan sulphate (HS), a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), and a reference preparation of unfractionated heparin (UH), was studied by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and anti-Xa clotting assays. UH was most easily neutralised in the APTT assay by PS (on a weight for weight basis), followed by LMWH and HS. The neutralisation of APTT activity by PS closely followed the loss of activity in the anti-Xa clotting assay, when plasma was used as the source of At III. When the anti-Xa clotting assay was carried out using purified At III in place of plasma, HS and LMWH were neutralised by much lower amounts of PS and resembled UH neutralisation more closely. Resistance of HS anti-Xa activity to PS neutralisation decreased with increasing plasma dilution. The presence of bovine albumin with purified At III concentrate increased the resistance of HS to PS neutralisation. It is concluded that PS binding to UH, HS and LMWH is probably related more to their degree of sulphation than molecular weight and that non-specific interactions between PS and plasma proteins inhibit the binding of PS to HS and LMWH. PMID- 3158097 TI - [Vascular laboratory. Instrumentation for non-invasive diagnostic methods]. PMID- 3158098 TI - HLA in families with Down's syndrome children. AB - Thirty couples having a DS child were typed for HLA-A and B antigens and compared to twenty control families and 176 blood donors. Although differences in frequency of B antigens exist between DS families and controls, they are not significant after correction for the number of antigens tested. No excessive HLA sharing was found in DS parents contrarily to two previous studies (Mattironi et al. 1981, Ayme et al. 1983). PMID- 3158099 TI - Recombination between HLA-A and C and between HLA-B and complement locus C4 in the same individual. AB - In a French family with 2 parents and 5 children a crossing over was found in the HLA region on both of the parental haplotypes of one of the children. The following markers were studied: HLA-A, B, C,DR, DQ(MB), DP(SB), complement allotypes C4 and Bf and glyoxalase I polymorphism. In the third child, the paternal haplotype had a recombination between HLA-A and HLA-C and the maternal haplotype a recombination between HLA-B and complement locus C4. Mixed lymphocyte cultures confirmed the serological findings and non-HLA markers (blood groups and immunoglobulin allotypes) showed no evidence of extrapaternity. The family also demonstrates a probable duplication of the C4B1 gene in one of the paternal haplotypes. PMID- 3158101 TI - [Experience with organizational and methodological work among dental technicians]. PMID- 3158100 TI - [Dental caries in the native and immigrant population of Arkhangelsk Province]. PMID- 3158102 TI - [Characteristics of the oral microflora in workers in the manufacture of tetracycline]. PMID- 3158103 TI - Epidemiological role of sandflies Phlebotomus smirnovi Perfiliev, 1941 and P. longiductus Parrot, 1928 in visceral leishmaniasis foci in the Kazakh SSR. PMID- 3158104 TI - Skin graft rejection caused by the maternally transmitted antigen Mta. AB - Mta is a medial histocompatibility antigen of the mouse. It does not stimulate a primary mixed lymphocyte response and stimulates only a very weak secondary response. Primary skin grafts are rejected with a mean survival time of 59 days by Mta- NZB recipients, and 39 days by recipients of the C57BL/6 background. Rejection is accelerated in recipients primed against Mta with a skin graft or cells, especially when these differ by multiple minor histocompatibility antigens. Mta is determined by a maternally transmitted, extrachromosomal genetic element, so backcross mice reject skin from their inbred, homozygous paternal strain. Mta, therefore, constitutes a new exception to the classic laws of transplantation. PMID- 3158105 TI - Chronic graft-versus-host disease in rats after syngeneic bone marrow transplantation. AB - A disease similar to the chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) seen following transplantation of human bone marrow was observed after syngeneic and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in rats. Bone marrow grafts were exchanged between donors and recipients that were syngeneic or genetically different for the RT2 erythrocyte antigen locus by the use of AUG/AUG.2B and PVG/PVG.2A congenic pair donor/recipient strain combinations. After an initial period of well-being (120 180 days posttransplantation), several AUG and AUG.2B recipients of syngeneic or RT2-mismatched bone marrow developed clinical signs compatible with cGVHD. The clinical signs of the disease included: erythema, diffuse alopecia, thickened skin folds, and conjunctivitis. Laboratory findings included peripheral blood eosinophilia and impaired in-vitro proliferative responses to third-party spleen cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. Histological examination of the tissues of a limited number of rats with cGVHD showed subepidermal mononuclear inflammation with atrophy of the epidermis and adnexa of the skin, as well as plasmacytic hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissues. None of the PVG or PVG.2A recipients of syngeneic or RT2-mismatched marrow developed cGVHD. The development of cGVHD in AUG.2B recipients of syngeneic marrow and the absence of the disease in reciprocal marrow grafts between the PVG/PVG.2A rat strains suggests that the development of the disease in the AUG and AUG.2B recipients of RT2-mismatched bone marrow is not due to the RT2 disparity, but may be due to an autologous immune reaction. Furthermore, the finding that the cGVHD is only observed when the AUG and AUG.2B strains are used as recipients--not when the PVG or PVG.2A strains are used as recipients--suggests that the development of the disease is associated with the genetic background of the host and is independent of the background of the donor. It is possible that the use of high-dose cyclophosphamide treatment is involved in the pathogenesis of cGVHD, because the disease is observed only when the recipients are conditioned for transplantation with this immunosuppressive agent. PMID- 3158106 TI - The use of partially matched, unrelated donors in clinical bone marrow transplantation. AB - It is estimated that 60-70% of patients who might benefit from a bone marrow transplant will not have a suitably matched, related donor. We have, therefore, designed a clinical experiment to test the safety and feasibility of using marrow from partially matched, unrelated donors. This paper details our transplant experience in the first eight patients with leukemia. The first four patients had advanced leukemia at the time of transplantation. Each showed hematopoietic recovery, but all died from septic complications largely related to extended neutropenia encompassing both the pre-marrow-grafting and the post-marrow grafting period. The next four patients were in remission at the time of transplantation. Each showed prompt and sustained hematopoiesis with variable graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). No acute or chronic GVHD was seen in two patients, grade II (skin only) was seen in one patient, and grade IV (skin, liver, and gut) was seen in one patient. One patient has died from sepsis five and-one-half months following transplantation, and three are alive and well six and-one-half to nine-and-one-half months postengraftment. This preliminary experience, together with several case reports in the literature, leads us to conclude that bone marrow transplantation with partially matched, unrelated marrow is a safe and feasible approach. If these results are confirmed by longer follow-up in a larger group of patients, the development of marrow donor pools would appear to be justified. PMID- 3158108 TI - Culture-generated suppressor cells: the same lineage as the source of suppressor cells derived from young mice and adult mice. PMID- 3158107 TI - The differential inhibitory effects exerted by cyclosporine and hydrocortisone on the activation of human cytotoxic lymphocytes by recombinant interleukin-2 versus allospecific CTL. AB - Two immunosuppressive drugs, cyclosporine (CsA) and Hydrocortisone (Hy) were examined in parallel for their effect on the generation of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were stimulated with allogeneic cells to produce allospecific CTL, or with purified recombinant Interleukin 2 to activate lymphokine activated killer cells (LAK). CTL and LAK activity were measured in a 4 hr chromium release assay after 7 days of activation. Lysis by CTL was tested against stimulator PBL (not blasts) and LAK against fresh sarcoma tumor cells. At pharmacologic doses, CsA inhibited only CTL generation, and Hy inhibited only LAK. This greater understanding of the selective role, or roles, in vitro of CsA and Hy provides a basis by which to consider selective immune suppression--and, alternatively, the possibility of combining modalities for a more thorough immune suppression. PMID- 3158109 TI - Immunological study of cyclosporine in heterotopic transplantation of canine hearts. PMID- 3158110 TI - [DNA replication in mammalian cells after exposure to factors of a physical, chemical or biological nature. III. 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine induces DNA synthesis in cells not suppressed by gamma irradiation]. AB - The influence of preincubation of HeLa and Chinese hamster V79 cells with fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR, 10(-6) M) on DNA replication and molecular weight of nascent DNA was studied after gamma-irradiation with a dose as much as 10 Gy. The 60Co-radiation inhibits DNA synthesis in both HeLa and V79 cells by 30-40 per cent. The incubation with FUdR before irradiation suppresses the inhibitory effect of irradiation on DNA synthesis. It is suggested that differences in gamma radiation inhibition of DNA synthesis may result from the FUdR-induced changes in chromatin structure, rather than from synchronization of cell growth. This suggestion is based on the observation that the radioresistant mode of DNA synthesis occurred 18 hours following the short-term (6 hours) incubation with FUdR in cell cultures differing from each other in almost 2-fold their cell longevity. PMID- 3158111 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of sterility]. PMID- 3158112 TI - Vaginal prolapse affecting bladder function. AB - When pelvic reconstructive surgery is being considered, it is important that the presence of cystocele be carefully and accurately assessed preoperatively and intraoperatively so that appropriate correction can be achieved. Continence is under the influence of urethral tone and the response of the proximal urethra to changes in intra-abdominal pressure. Cranial elevation of a rotated vesicourethral junction to a normal retropubic position should be provided. Any surgical technique that alters the normal axis of the vagina should be accompanied by simultaneous obliteration of the cul-de-sac of Douglas to lessen the chance of postoperative enterocele and subsequent eversion of the vault of the vagina. When massive vaginal eversion causes displacement of the vesicourethral junction, a restoration of vaginal depth and axis by posthysterectomy transvaginal sacrospinous colpopexy with appropriate colporrhaphy will relocate a defective urethrovesical site to a higher and retropubic level within the pelvis, where the proximal urethra may once again be responsive to changes in intra-abdominal pressure. PMID- 3158114 TI - [Experimental and clinical basis of pharmacotherapy in functional urodynamic disorders of the lower urinary tract in children]. PMID- 3158116 TI - [Organization of medical services for the armies of the 2nd and 3rd Byelorussian fronts in the East-Prussian operation]. PMID- 3158113 TI - [ABO blood group and the rhesus classification of urolithiasis patients]. PMID- 3158115 TI - Glomerular electron-dense deposits in childhood IgA nephropathy. AB - An electron-microscopic study of the glomeruli was made on 154 children with IgA nephropathy and no evidence of systemic disease, in whom immunofluorescence microscopy had shown diffuse mesangial deposition of IgA. Mesangial deposits were observed in all but eight children. Subepithelial deposits were observed in 40 children and were almost always accompanied by both mesangial and subendothelial deposits. Subepithelial deposits were significantly associated with more severe clinical presentations, a worse outcome and more severe light microscopic glomerular changes. These observations support the concept that IgA nephropathy is an immune complex disease. PMID- 3158118 TI - [Cell culture stock for the support of virological research]. PMID- 3158117 TI - [Organizational experience with polyclinic service for cancer patients]. AB - The three organizational patterns of cancer patients' follow-up available within the framework of the Oncological Dispensary of the Ivanovo Region--the polyclinic of the Dispensary, the amalgamated oncological polyclinic and the "specialized" oncological polyclinic--are discussed. The rationale for maintaining a "specialized" oncological polyclinical service is presented. PMID- 3158120 TI - [Sonographic studies of the aorta after prosthetic replacement (follow-up of 112 patients)]. AB - Sonography should be routinely used for clinical follow up of patients with prosthetic grafts replacing the abdominal aorta and iliac vessels. 112 patients were investigated and the normal findings as well as pathological changes following aortic graft implantation are described and the difference between Dacron and PTFE-Y graft material discussed. Adequate visualization of anatomic detail of the graft was found in 82.1%. In the remaining patients the site of implantation was partly or completely overshadowed by bowel gas. 67.4% showed normal graft findings, whilst the remaining 32.6% exhibited incipient or manifest minor or major pathological changes such as dilatation of graft material, kinking, pseudoaneurysm, intraluminal thrombotic material and occlusion of parts of the implanted grafts. Dilatation was seen only with Dacron grafts and kinking only with PTFE-Y graft material. In combination with the clinical findings sonography helps to reduce the necessity of invasive angiographic procedures and allows early recognition of abnormal anatomical situations. PMID- 3158119 TI - [Immunosuppressive properties of the influenza virus]. AB - In experimental influenza infection in mice, inhibition of generation of antibody and antibody-producing cells was observed against reduced activity of T suppressors and activation of T-helpers. These data indicate that the immunosuppressive effect of influenza virus is associated with inhibition of some other elements in the lymphocyte T-system rather than T-helpers. PMID- 3158121 TI - [Immune complexes: studies on animal models]. AB - A review is presented of some selected experiments conducted on animal models of immune complex-mediated diseases. The immune response and kinetics of antigen deposition are analysed in the model of systemic chronic serum sickness of rabbits and chickens. Experimental nephritis, induced by mercuric chloride, illustrates a pathogenesis in which autoantibodies to basement membranes become components of immune complexes. A recently developed Streptococcus mutans-induced nephritis in rabbits should make it possible to obtain some understanding of early pathogenetic mechanisms. These could very well be analogous to aspects of the pathogenesis of streptococcus-associated nephritides of man. PMID- 3158122 TI - [Basic studies on enzyme therapy of immune complex diseases]. AB - Several in vitro investigations and animal experiments are described which may be used as experimental basis for the enzymatic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and, possibly, also other immune complex diseases. Demonstration of absorption of unaltered orally-administered radiolabelled enzymes is shown in guinea pigs and rabbits. In vitro experiments with 4 types of soluble immune complexes which were incubated with gradually increasing amounts of enzymes showed dose-dependent cleavage of complexes. Antigen-induced experimental arthritis of rabbits, fed different amounts of a therapeutically used mixture of enzymes at different times, could be inhibited by this treatment, in dependence of dosage and time of feeding. With respect to the therapeutic applications of this study, the results favour the use of a high dosage repeated daily administration, since duration of effect seems limited. PMID- 3158123 TI - [Determination of performance ability of rehabilitation patients from the viewpoint of the district rehabilitation commission]. PMID- 3158124 TI - [Comparative testing of Kamillosan cream and steroidal (0.25% hydrocortisone, 0.75% fluocortin butyl ester) and non-steroidal (5% bufexamac) dermatologic agents in maintenance therapy of eczematous diseases]. AB - We report on 161 patients suffering from inflammatory dermatoses on hands, forearms, and lower legs who had been initially treated with 0.1% difluocortolone valerate. During the maintenance therapy carried out over a period of 3 to 4 weeks, we tested the efficacy of Kamillosan cream vs. 0.25% hydrocortisone, 0.75% fluocortin butyl ester, and 5% bufexamac in a bilateral comparative study. For the indications tested Kamillosan cream showed more or less equieffective therapeutic results as compared to 0.25% hydrocortisone. It is superior, however, to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent 5% bufexamac as well as to 0.75% fluocortin butyl ester, a further glucocorticoid. With regard to neurodermitis, Kamillosan cream not only shows the same therapeutic effect as 0.25% hydrocortisone but is even of marked superiority towards other reference products. PMID- 3158125 TI - [Antihypertensive effect of nitrendipine, nifedipine and acebutolol and their combination on resting and exercise blood pressure in hypertensive patients]. AB - The efficacy of nifedipine (40 mg, long-acting preparation), nitrendipine (20 mg) and acebutolol (400 mg) in reducing blood pressure at rest and during exercise was assessed in 35 hypertensive patients using a crossover study with 4-week treatment periods. In 20 patients the antihypertensive effect of the combination of nifedipine and acebutolol was also investigated. Both calcium antagonists nitrendipine and nifedipine and the beta-receptor blocker acebutolol resulted in a significant (p less than 0.001) and almost identical reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest. This was also true for diastolic blood pressure during and after work. Both calcium antagonists also revealed a significant (p less than 0.01-p less than 0.001) reduction in systolic exercise blood pressure, however, this effect was more pronounced with acebutolol. The additional application of nifedipine significantly enhanced the antihypertensive effect of acebutolol under resting conditions (p less than 0.05), and particularly during (p less than 0.01) and after (p less than 0.001) exercise. No adverse reactions to the monotherapy or to the nifedipine and acebutolol combination were found, in particular no effect on PQ interval or on serum lipids. It is concluded that nifedipine and nitrendipine and their combination with betablockers appear to offer an alternative therapeutic approach in the management of arterial hypertension. PMID- 3158126 TI - [Contribution of myocardial scintigraphy to control of therapy (current status and outlook)]. AB - Pattern recognition of myocardial ischemia is initially documented in perfusion areas of critical LAD, RCA and LCX stenoses. Prerequisites of the method are mentioned. Possibilities and results of 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy are presented after coronary angioplasty and aortocoronary bypass, further considering lysis therapy of acute infarction, developments to localise infected bypasses or valves, rejection after cardiac transplantation and long-term pharmaceutical exercise-training therapy as well as therapy control of cardiac metabolism. PMID- 3158127 TI - [Detection of regional hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with ECG triggered nuclear magnetic resonance tomography--comparison with hypertensive patients and persons with healthy hearts]. AB - Gated magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) was conducted in 40 patients (13 normal volunteers, 9 hypertensives and 18 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) using a 0.35 Tesla superconducting magnet. Multisectional spin echo imaging (35/400 msec) was obtained in coronal, transversal and sagittal planes. Myocardial wall thickness was measured in different segments and the three groups were compared to each other. 15/18 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) had asymmetrical regional thickening involving the septum and the anterior wall, in 8/15 the lateral wall was also hypertrophic. The distribution pattern in 3/15 patients with HCM was symmetric. Involvement of the right ventricle was found in 14/18 patients with HCM. There were significant differences (p less than 0.001) in wall thickness for the septal segment in all three groups and for the ratio septal to posterior wall between the HCM and the hypertensives and the normal volunteers. We conclude that MRT can differentiate HCM from hypertensives and normals, and is superior to echocardiographic imaging in the evaluation of the distribution of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 3158129 TI - [Abstracts of the 51st annual meeting of the German Society for Cardiovascular Research. 12-14 April 1985, Mannheim]. PMID- 3158128 TI - [Ineffective use of lidocaine in preventing reperfusion arrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial infarct]. AB - To study the efficacy of prophylactic lidocaine treatment on the genesis of ventricular tachyarrhythmias following recanalization of an occluded coronary artery, 49 patients with an acute myocardial infarction were studied. All patients underwent intracoronary thrombolysis. Patients were admitted within 3 hours of the onset of symptoms and were randomized into two groups: 23 patients received an intravenous infusion of lidocaine (2 mg/min), following an initial bolus of 200 mg, and the remaining 26 patients received no lidocaine. Reperfusion arrhythmias were documented in 16 of 20 successfully recanalized patients who received lidocaine and in 15 of 21 successfully recanalized patients without lidocaine treatment. There were no statistically significant differences between the two patient groups in the frequency of occurrence of ventricular tachycardias or ventricular fibrillation. Independent of lidocaine treatment, two types of ventricular tachycardia could be distinguished: the most frequent type 1 met the electrocardiographic criteria of tachycardia caused by enhanced automaticity, whereas the characteristics of the less frequent type 2 tachycardia suggested reentry or triggered activity as the underlying mechanism. Only type 2 ventricular tachycardias were accompanied by haemodynamic deterioration. Our results show that lidocaine, in the dosage given here, does not influence incidence or mechanisms of reperfusion tachyarrhythmias. PMID- 3158130 TI - [Clinical course of chronic dermatoses in the European North]. PMID- 3158131 TI - [Occupational allergic dermatitis in tannery workers]. PMID- 3158132 TI - [Occupational dermatitis caused by pyrocatechol]. PMID- 3158133 TI - [Experience in the treatment of rosacea and perioral dermatitis with trichopol]. PMID- 3158134 TI - [Role of disorders in the barrier-protective function of the skin, protein metabolism and enzyme activity in workers engaged in the manufacture of thermoelements during the development of occupational dermatoses]. PMID- 3158135 TI - [Emulsion ointment with soybean distillates in the prevention and treatment of premorbid changes in the skin of female workers in a furniture factory]. PMID- 3158136 TI - The effects of inhibitors of glucosidase I on the formation of Sindbis virus. AB - We have examined the effects of deoxynojirimycin and castanospermine, compounds known to inhibit the removal of glucose from high mannose asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, on the formation of Sindbis virus. These drugs inhibited virion formation in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, 15B - the CHO cell line that lacks GlcNAc transferase activity, and chicken embryo fibroblasts, although our results with the latter cells were variable. We analyzed the [3H]mannose-labeled oligosaccharides from Sindbis virus infected 15B cells. Those from control cells were predominantly GlcNAc2Man5. Oligosaccharides from the treated cells were larger than the Man5 species and as expected, were partially resistant to alpha mannosidase. The growth of Sindbis virus was inhibited to a much greater extent at 37 degrees C than at 30 degrees C in BHK cells treated with either deoxynojirimycin or castanospermine. Both of these compounds also inhibited the proteolytic cleavage of the viral glycoprotein precursor, PE2, to the virion glycoprotein, E2, but did not prevent the migration of the glycoprotein to the cell surface. These results, taken together with our earlier studies with vesicular stomatitis virus (Schlesinger et al., 1984) provide strong evidence that the removal of glucose residues during the processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides is critical for some proteins to achieve a functional conformation. PMID- 3158137 TI - [Comparison of the cholinoreceptor and cholinesterase properties of the frog Rana temporaria and the squid Todarodes pacificus]. AB - Studies have been made on the interaction of several groups of quartenary ammonium salts with cholinoreceptors of m. rectus abdominis of the frog Rana temporaria, and isolated m. retractor infundibuli of the octopus Todarodes pacificus, as well as with cholinesterases of the frog brain and visual ganglia of the octopus. The derivatives of polymethylene bis(trimethylammonium) compounds, being cholinomimetic drugs for frog muscle, do not exert cholinomimetic influence on octopus muscle. The same difference with respect to their effect on frog and octopus receptors was found in anabazin derivatives. Among amide derivatives of acetylcholine, the strongest mimetic effect on cholinoreceptors of both animals was exhibited by a piperazine isolog with gauche conformation, whereas N-methyl isolog with trans-conformation was found to be the strongest inhibitor of cholinesterases. Cholinoreceptors and cholinesterase of the octopus were less sensitive to the effect of the investigated quartenary ammonium salts than those of the frog. PMID- 3158138 TI - [Differences in the susceptibility of field mice from the Altai Territory and Moscow Province to Leptospira of serovar mozdok and serogroup Pomona]. AB - Adult striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius) caught in the Altai region proved to be insusceptible to experimental infection when inoculated with Leptospira of serovar mozdok, serogroup Pomona. In pregnant females, though infected with this organism, no leptospiruria was observed. At the same time nonpubescent animals became Leptospira carriers, females becoming carriers 4.5 times more frequently than males. The formation of antibodies to Leptospira in the test rodents was poorly pronounced and did not depend on their sex, age, physiological state and the presence of renal leptospirosis. But all adult striped field mice belonging to the population of the Moscow region became Leptospira carriers in such experiments. PMID- 3158139 TI - [Rise in the epizootic activity of a natural focus of steppe-type tularemia in Stavropol Territory and its epidemic consequences]. AB - One of recurrent autumn and winter rises in the epizootic activity of the steppe type focus of tularemia in the Stavropol Territory is described. During the tularemia epizooty of 1981-1982 the population of common voles (Microtus arvalis) was very numerous, while the population of house mice (Mus musculus) was comparatively scarce. Francisella tularensis strains were isolated from different species of rodents (Microtus arvalis, Mus musculus, Apodemus sylvanicus, Rattus norvegicus, Lepus, etc.), from fleas and ticks, as well as from environmental objects (well-water, hay). 38 cases of the disease among nonvaccinated persons, mainly in rural areas, were registered. Anginous-bubonic tularemia was the dominant form of the disease. A complex of measures aimed at the detection of tularemia and its liquidation among the population was carried out. PMID- 3158140 TI - [Infectious morbidity of children up to 7 years of age in relation to the season of their birth]. AB - The total morbidity in infectious diseases and morbidity in the main groups of infections and in individual nosological forms among 1174 children born in 1971 1972 during the first 7 years of their life were studied. The morbidity rates noted among the children during the first and second six-month periods of their life were found to be related to the season when they were born, and the morbidity level in the first year of their life greatly determined morbidity in all subsequent years. PMID- 3158141 TI - [Effect of trypsin on suppressor cell formation and function in localized staphylococcal infection]. AB - The present study has been made on (CBA X C57BL)F1 mice immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and inoculated with staphylococci (M-SRBC-S). The injection of splenic lymphocytes from syngeneic M-SRBC-S into intact mice has been found to suppress immune response to SRBC in these mice. The injection of trypsin into M SRBC-S decreases the suppressive action of their lymphocytes on SRBC-induced immune response in syngeneic recipients. The injection of trypsin into the recipients has been found to produce no effect on the immunosuppressive action of transplanted lymphocytes obtained from M-SRBC-S. The injection of trypsin into M SRBC-S induces the release of the factor, inhibiting the formation and function of suppressor cells, by their splenocytes. Previously formed suppressor cells block the release of the immunostimulating factor by the splenocytes of the animals receiving the injections of trypsin. PMID- 3158142 TI - [Psychological diagnosis in expert testimony]. PMID- 3158143 TI - Characterization of calcium and phospholipid dependent protein kinase in isolated rat adipocytes. AB - Calcium and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) from isolated rat adipocytes has been partially purified using DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and characterized. The enzyme was shown to have similar properties as the kinase isolated from brain or spleen. When histone was used as substrate, an equal amount of cAMP-dependent and calcium and phospholipid-dependent kinase activity was detected from the DEAE Sepharose CL-6B fractions. The major part of protein kinase C (72%) was isolated from the soluble adipocyte fraction. Of the membranous fractions, the plasma membrane exhibited the highest specific activity. The protein kinase preparations bound [3H]-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBU) with high affinity (Kd = 2 nM) and the number of PDBU binding sites per cell was calculated to 63 000. PMID- 3158144 TI - Alterations in isoproterenol-induced cardiac metabolic changes by a quaternary analog of propranolol, UM-272. AB - Effect of UM-272, a dimethyl propranolol has been studied in experimental myocardial necrosis induced by isoproterenol (ISP, 85 mg/kg, SC X 2 days) in rats. Administration of ISP caused increased serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and decreased myocardial glycogen, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) creatine phosphate (CP) and glycolysis through phosphofructokinase (PFK). Myocardial tissue lactate was markedly increased. All these changes resulted in development of myocardial necrosis as calculated from the CPK depletion from the injured myocardium. Rats given UM-272 (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg i.p.) 5 days before and 2 days during ISP administration showed significant improvement in all the parameters studied. Furthermore, UM-272 (20 mg/kg X 7 days) in control rats caused a significant (P less than .001) increase in ATP and CP content of the myocardium while other parameters remained unaltered. It would appear from the present study that the cardioprotective effect in ISP induced injury is not related to beta blockade as UM-272 is devoid of beta-blocking properties. PMID- 3158145 TI - Decreased responsiveness to chronic salmon calcitonin treatment in rat kidney and calvaria studied using quantitative enzyme cytochemistry. AB - Growing rats were treated with daily im doses of salmon calcitonin (sCT) (2, 15 and 100 IU/kg) for various times (1, 4 and 24 weeks). The effects on intracellular enzyme activities in bone and kidney were monitored using quantitative cytochemical methods previously developed for the identification of specific target tissue responses to calcitonins. The basal alkaline phosphatase activities in both kidney and bone were decreased by long-term treatment at all time periods and doses tested. No change was noted in basal Ca ATPase activities in kidney after treatment. The capacity of target tissues in chronically treated and control rats to respond to an acute iv dose of sCT was also compared. Acute provocation tests in treated and control rats showed that the renal alkaline phosphatase response was decreased in the rats receiving long-term treatment. Moreover, the direction of response was reversed in chronically treated rats when bone alkaline phosphatase and renal Ca-dependent ATPase activity was measured after acute provocation with sCT, i.e. bone alkaline phosphatase was stimulated instead of being inhibited and renal Ca ATPase was inhibited instead of being stimulated. The application of quantitative cytochemical techniques has demonstrated intracellular changes in enzyme activities in both kidney and bone. The impaired sCT responsiveness can be detected at shorter times of treatment (1 week) and lower doses (2 IU/kg) than has previously been possible by measurement of indices of mineral metabolism in plasma or urine. PMID- 3158146 TI - Isoflurane v fentanyl for outpatient laparoscopy. AB - Isoflurane and fentanyl have been compared as anaesthetic agents for outpatient laparoscopy. In 50 female patients anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone and maintained with nitrous oxide 66% in oxygen combined with either isoflurane 1-2% or fentanyl 0.3 mg according to a randomized list. Suxamethonium was used to facilitate intubation and for further muscle relaxation. Immediate recovery from anaesthesia was assessed by eye opening and time before giving the date of birth. Additional observations made hourly for 4 h were: nausea or vomiting; clinical assessment of wakefulness; psychic or motor agitation; antiemetic or analgesic drugs given; reaction time; respiratory depression. Immediate recovery was more rapid in the fentanyl group (P less than 0.05). Reaction times in the isoflurane patients returned to control by 3 h, whereas the fentanyl patients were 10% slower than control at 4 h (P less than 0.05 at 2 h, 3 h, 4 h). Nausea and vomiting were more frequent in the fentanyl group, and four of the fentanyl patients required naloxone. Both anaesthetic techniques provided satisfactory operating conditions, but isoflurane appeared to provide a better recovery with less side effects than fentanyl. PMID- 3158147 TI - The Venturi anaesthesia circuit II. Carbon dioxide production and gas flow requirements. AB - Carbon dioxide production was measured in 20 adult patients undergoing alloplastic operation of the hip. Body weight ranged from 40 to 81 kg. Anaesthesia consisted of lumbar plexus block, i.v. diazepam, pethidine, pavulon and N2O/O2 under controlled ventilation. CO2 production was 2.13 ml kg-1 min-1 (interquartile range 2.09-2.23). A fresh gas flow rate of about 30 ml kg-1 min-1 was required for the elimination of CO2 produced when using the Venturi system for inhalation anaesthesia. PMID- 3158149 TI - Trace element profiles in individual blood cells from patients with Down's syndrome. AB - The concentrations of trace elements in three different types of blood cells- erythrocytes, thrombocytes and neutrophils--were determined by nuclear microprobe analysis in 11 children with Down's syndrome (DS) and compared with those in 13 controls. The median concentration of copper in all three types of blood cells and that of calcium in erythrocytes were significantly higher in DS children than in controls. In contrast, the median levels of zinc in erythrocytes, of manganese and iron in erythrocytes and neutrophils, and of magnesium in erythrocytes and thrombocytes were significantly lower in DS than in control children. In 10 of the 11 DS children, detectable erythrocyte levels of titanium were found, which is remarkable, since this was not observed in any of the cells from the control children. PMID- 3158148 TI - Effects of denervation, immobilization and cachexia on fibre size in the anterior tibial muscle of the rat. AB - The effects of denervation, immobilization and cachexia on the size of the various histochemical fibre types were studied in the anterior tibial muscle of male Wistar rats aged 60-100 days. Denervation was induced by unilateral sectioning of the sciatic nerve, immobilization by a plaster cast on one hindlimb and cachexia by restriction of food intake. In the anterior tibial muscle of the normal rat, three fibre types can be identified by myofibrillar ATPase stain after alkaline preincubation. These fibres were called dark (D-fibres), intermediate (I-fibres) and light fibres (L-fibres), respectively. The I-fibres correspond to the fast-twitch type 2 fibres and the L-fibres to the slow-twitch type 1 fibres. The D-fibres have intermediate characteristics, but they probably belong to the type 2 group. The three fibre types reacted differently to denervation, immobilization and cachexia. Denervation caused progressive atrophy of the D- and I-fibres and almost no change of the L-fibres. Immobilization caused minor reduction in size of the D- and I-fibres during the first days and no change thereafter, whereas the L-fibres showed transitory hypertrophy. Cachexia, on the other hand, resulted in progressive atrophy of all three fibre types but a predominant affection of the D- and I-fibres. The different susceptibilities of the various fibre types suggest different mechanisms for atrophy of muscle in these three conditions. PMID- 3158150 TI - [Effects of glycolate esters on conditioned behavior]. PMID- 3158151 TI - [Antagonism of non-depolarization muscle relaxants and aminoglycoside antibiotics to the block of neuromuscular junction of the rat diaphragm caused by soman]. PMID- 3158152 TI - [Relationship between cholinesterase activity and acetylcholine of the brains of mice acutely intoxicated with soman]. PMID- 3158153 TI - [Effects of haloperidol, chlorpromazine, metoclopramide and ascorbic acid on adrenergic salivation and lacrimation in mice at an ambient temperature of 30 degrees C]. PMID- 3158154 TI - [Vasodilatory actions of four atropine-like drugs on the rat foot-pad]. PMID- 3158155 TI - [Effects of dauricine on electrical and mechanical activities in the isolated guinea pig myocardium]. PMID- 3158156 TI - [Effect of the central action of propranolol on coronary circulation in dogs]. PMID- 3158157 TI - [Hypotensive effect of delsoline]. PMID- 3158158 TI - [Induction of hepatic microsomal monooxygenases by schisanhenol in rats]. PMID- 3158159 TI - [Spasmolytic effects of isocorydine on the isolated gallbladder and Oddi's sphincter in vitro]. PMID- 3158160 TI - [Influence of bovine parathyroid hormone-(1-34) on the contraction of the rat vas deferens and the effect of calcium]. PMID- 3158161 TI - Gossypol is a potent inhibitor of the NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase responsible for the inactivation of prostaglandins. PMID- 3158162 TI - [Effect of calcium, magnesium and temperature on praziquantel-induced tegument damage of the male Schistosoma japonicum]. PMID- 3158163 TI - [Change in the ATP content of the earthworm dorsal muscle during soman poisoning]. PMID- 3158164 TI - [Effect of maytansine on the cell cycle of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in mice]. PMID- 3158165 TI - [Rat model of passive lung anaphylaxis induced by trichosanthin]. PMID- 3158166 TI - [Distribution of 147Pm in bones and central nervous system in rats]. PMID- 3158167 TI - [Detoxication of poisoning by 11 metals by quinamic acid]. PMID- 3158168 TI - Echocardiographic variables in progeny of hypertensive and normotensive parents. PMID- 3158169 TI - Some clinical findings in patients with aortic coarctation and in patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 3158170 TI - Percutaneous transluminal renal artery dilatation for fibromuscular dysplasia with special reference to the acute effects on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and blood pressure. PMID- 3158171 TI - Pulsed Doppler spectral analysis. Progress in non-invasive cerebrovascular evaluation. PMID- 3158172 TI - Fleur-de-lis abdominoplasty. AB - An abdominoplasty technique is described that combines vertical and horizontal resection to restore abdominal contour to upper and lower abdomen and mons pubis. The results of this technique in 16 patients (13 women and 3 men) are reviewed. The procedure is suggested for patients with massive weight loss, obesity with a panniculus, and supra-umbilical dermatochalasis with or without multiple abdominal scars. A polio patient with an unexpected improvement in pulmonary function following this procedure is included in this series. PMID- 3158174 TI - Abdominoplasty: agony and ecstasy. AB - A review of 102 consecutive patients was made. Stress is given to the standard of excellence, which should be an attempt to re-create an hour-glass contour (certainly in all thin patients and perhaps to a certain extent even in the obese patient). A row of sutures (approximately 3 mm apart) is placed in the rectus fascia tightening it as much as each suture will tolerate. With this row of numerous sutures, the intense pull that gives the superb contour is distributed more evenly than in a lesser number of sutures. In the obese patient the superior flap must be defatted for about a centimeter, just to the subdermal level, in order to correct the asymmetry of thickness of the superior flap as opposed to the thinness of the pubic skin. PMID- 3158173 TI - Abdominoplasty combined with correction of the flaccidity of the lateral lower abdomen and the flanks. AB - The author describes a surgical technique for correction of adiposity and flaccidity of both the abdominal wall and the flank region. The technique produces a better final outcome with regard to the resultant lateral "dog-ears" and flaccidity of the flanks that may result after routine abdominoplasty operation. PMID- 3158175 TI - [Urodynamic testing in children]. PMID- 3158176 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies against differentiation antigens of carp thymocytes (Cyprinus carpio L.)]. AB - Using the cell fusion technique we have produced monoclonal antibodies directed against carp thymocytes. The monoclonals revealed a different ability for binding to carp lymphocytes of various origin. The antibodies reacting only with lymphocytes seem to react with a membrane structure of a molecular weight of 200 000 to 250 000 daltons. PMID- 3158177 TI - [The physiological and diagnostic importance of lysozyme in cow's milk]. AB - The enzyme lysozyme (earlier muramidase) is one of the factors of the non specific defense mechanism of the mammary gland. It represents a regular constituent of milk, which despite its very low content in milk determines the health condition of the udder and its defending ability against infectious agents. Therefore, a review is given on the factors influencing the lysozyme content in bovine milk, its significance for the bactericidal effects of milk, its changes in mastitis and the resulting possibility of its introduction in diagnostic work, and the therapeutical use of milk rich in lysozyme. PMID- 3158178 TI - [Attempts at production of monoclonal antibodies against human breast tumor cells]. AB - Mouse monoclonal antibodies have been produced by fusion of x 63 Ag 8 . 653 myeloma cells with spleen cells of mice immunized with single cell suspensions of human mammary carcinoma tissue. These antibodies revealed strong differences in binding to cells from malignant and non malignant mammary tissues. The monoclonal antibodies do not react with usual determinants which are present on normal human blood lymphocytes or in human serum. PMID- 3158179 TI - [The quantitative determination of the IgM rheumatoid factor using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Comparison with the agglutination test and the radioimmuno polyethyleneglycol precipitation test]. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay capable of detecting nanogram quantities of human IgM rheumatoid factor using a monoclonal anti-mu-chain antibody is described. Human IgG did not interfere with the detection of IgM RF by this method. The small nonspecific binding of nonRF IgM to the human IgG coated tubes utilized in the assay must be corrected for by assaying samples in parallel bovine serum albumin coated control tubes only in cases of deviation of IgM from normal range. 69 coded and randomly arranged sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), nonrheumatic joint diseases and healthy adult control subjects were investigated by this method, agglutination techniques as well as RIPEGA. A good correlation between solid-phase radioimmunoassay and agglutination techniques was found. Patients with seropositive RA had significantly higher concentrations of IgM RF than seronegative RA patients or control subjects (mean +/- 1 SD = 133,3 +/- 187,2 micrograms/ml versus 4,7 +/- 6,5 micrograms/ml and 2,2 +/- 4,0 micrograms/ml; resp.). PMID- 3158180 TI - [An extended concept of tonsillar involution: changes in lymphocyte maturation. Its demonstration by surface marker determination with monoclonal antibodies and rosette technics]. AB - In tonsillar lymphocytes of adults the surface marker determination by applying monoclonal antibodies and rosette techniques yields identical values in both, the B- and T cell systems. However in children's tonsillar lymphocytes the outcome is to be considered different between the detection systems. Characteristic markers are not simultaneously expressed and the cells are assumed to be immature. The involution progress of the tonsil is a shift from immature B- and T cell forms to matured differentiation stages. PMID- 3158181 TI - Personnel preparation for multihandicapped hearing-impaired students: a review of the literature. PMID- 3158182 TI - Comparative acute hemodynamic effects of intravenous sodium nitroprusside and MDL 17,043, a new inotropic drug with vasodilator effects, in refractory congestive heart failure. AB - We compared the acute hemodynamic effects of intravenous nitroprusside (NTP), a pure vasodilator, to those of intravenous MDL-17,043 (MDL), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with inotropic and vasodilator effects, in 12 patients with chronic refractory congestive heart failure (CHF). Intravenous NTP was infused and titrated to achieve optimal hemodynamic effects, whereas MDL was given intravenously in 0.5 mg/kg increments every 10 to 15 minutes until no further increase occurred in cardiac output or until a maximum cumulative dose of 4.5 mg/kg had been given. Both NTP and MDL reduced pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (27 +/- 5 to 15 +/- 6 and 29 +/- 3 to 15 +/- 7 mm Hg, respectively; both p less than 0.0001), systemic vascular resistance (2173 +/- 1137 to 1118 +/- 306 and 1805 +/- 425 to 956 +/- 235 dynes-sec-cm-5, respectively; both p less than 0.0002), mean arterial pressure (85 +/- 18 to 69 +/- 14 and 83 +/- 15 to 75 +/- 16 mm Hg respectively; both p less than 0.05), and increased cardiac index (1.7 +/- 0.4 to 2.6 +/- 0.4 and 1.8 +/- 0.2 to 3.3 +/- 0.5 L/minute/m2, respectively; both p less than 0.05) without an overall significant change in heart rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3158183 TI - Lack of efficacy of nafazatrom, a novel anti-thrombotic compound, in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Nafazatrom (Bay G 6575) is a novel antithrombotic compound, which acts by stimulation of prostacyclin as well as by inhibition of lipoxygenase enzymes. To determine its effects on exercise performance in coronary artery disease patients, a double-blind study was conducted. Twenty patients with coronary artery disease underwent an exercise stress test before and 2 hours after administration of placebo or nafazatrom (1.2 gm). Before the drug administration, there was evidence of enhanced platelet activity, as reflected by elevated resting plasma beta thromboglobulin and thromboxane B2 concentrations. Plasma 6 keto-PGF1 alpha levels were undetectable in most patients. All coagulation tests were in the normal range. None of these parameters changed with exercise. Administration of placebo or nafazatrom before the exercise stress test did not significantly influence any of the coagulation or platelet function parameters or plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. This lack of effect was evident both at rest and upon exercise. Compared to placebo, nafazatrom did not significantly increase exercise tolerance time or exercise induced symptoms. In conclusion, nafazatrom did not influence exercise performance in patients with coronary disease. PMID- 3158184 TI - Symmetric cardiac enlargement in highly trained endurance athletes: a two dimensional echocardiographic study. AB - Twelve highly trained male endurance athletes and 12 normally active matched control subjects were studied by two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography to evaluate changes in the right and left heart chambers associated with intense aerobic training. Maximal oxygen uptake, a measure of cardiovascular fitness, ranged from 62.1 to 82.6 ml/kg/min in the athletes and from 33.0 to 49.3 ml/kg/min in the control subjects (p less than 0.001). The athletes had significantly greater left ventricular wall thickness (p less than 0.01), left ventricular chamber area (p less than 0.005), left atrial area (p less than 0.01), right ventricular chamber area (p less than 0.002), right ventricular wall thickness (p less than 0.05), and right atrial area (p less than 0.01). Proportionality of cardiac chamber enlargement in the athletes was shown by similar ratios of both right-to-left ventricular areas and right-to-left atrial areas in the two groups. Left ventricular contractility was not significantly different between groups. Cardiac enlargement in endurance athletes enables a greater stroke volume for the performance of sustained, intense exercise; hypertrophy of the chamber walls normalizes wall stress. These changes occur symmetrically in both right and left cardiac chambers in the endurance athlete, reflecting bilateral hemodynamic loading. The symmetry of the endurance athlete's cardiac enlargement differs from most pathologic conditions which have heterogeneous effects on specific cardiac chambers. PMID- 3158185 TI - Coronary vasospasm complicating PTCA. PMID- 3158186 TI - Effects of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty on lesion-associated branches. AB - To assess the effects of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) on lesion-associated branches, angiograms from 100 consecutive angioplasties involving 109 lesion dilatations were analyzed. Ninety-seven lesion-associated branches occurred in 76 (70%) of the dilated stenoses. Sixty-six (68%) branches were small (less than or equal to 1 mm) and 31 (32%) were moderate (greater than 1 mm) in size. Pre-PTCA branch ostial narrowing was present in 52 (54%), whereas there was no ostial disease in 45 (46%). Decreased ostial lumen occurred in 16 (16%) branches following angioplasty. Decreases in branch ostia were significantly more frequent in branches with preexisting branch disease (14 of 52, 27%) compared to branches with normal pre-PTCA ostia (2 of 45, 4%; p less than or equal to 0.01). However, vessel size, PTCA success, gender, and lesion dissection did not predict likelihood of branch ostial changes. Seven branches became totally or subtotally occluded following PTCA, one after unsuccessful and six following successful dilatation. Of the latter six, three experienced chest discomfort and one had an elevated creatine kinase with myocardial band, but no patient had immediate ECG changes. In summary, although moderate- or small-sized branches frequently accompany PTCA lesions, branch changes following angioplasty are infrequent and occur most often in branches with preexisting ostial disease. PMID- 3158187 TI - Failure of diltiazem to prevent restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - This prospective randomized trial was carried out in 92 patients who underwent a successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and had no evidence of coronary spasm before PTCA. All patients were premedicated with calcium antagonists and platelet inhibitors and received platelet inhibitors (aspirin and dipyridamole) for 6 months after PTCA. The diltiazem group (46 patients with 50 stenoses successfully dilated) received diltiazem, 90 mg three times a day by mouth for 3 months after PTCA; in the control group (46 patients, 53 stenoses), calcium antagonists were discontinued immediately after PTCA. All patients underwent a control angiogram 5 to 10 months after PTCA unless recurrence of angina dictated its need earlier. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups, except for the number of diseased vessels greater than or equal to 70%, which was higher in the control group (1.2 +/- 0.55 vs 0.9 +/- 0.39 for the diltiazem group, p less than 0.05). In the diltiazem group, the degree of stenosis increased from 38 +/- 15% immediately after PTCA to 42 +/- 23% at repeat angiography 8.24 +/- 4.79 months after PTCA and there were seven restenoses. In the control group, the degree of stenosis increased from 37 +/- 12% to 44 +/- 23% at repeat angiography 8.26 +/- 4.91 months after PTCA and there were 10 restenoses (NS vs the diltiazem group). In conclusion, in patients without variant angina before PTCA, adjunction of diltiazem to platelet inhibitors does not decrease the incidence of restenosis. These data suggest that coronary spasm is not the major mechanism of restenosis. PMID- 3158188 TI - Side effects and complications of amiodarone therapy. AB - To assess the incidence of adverse effects associated with long-term amiodarone therapy, we reviewed the records of 217 consecutive patients who were treated for refractory arrhythmia. After an average of 11.8 months of therapy, one or more side effects occurred in 113 patients (52%). These were considered clinically significant in 42 patients (19.3%), mandating discontinuation of amiodarone in 18 (8.3%). The untoward reactions requiring discontinuation of amiodarone included thyroid dysfunction, visual disturbances, pulmonary infiltrates, ataxia, cardiac conduction abnormalities, and drug interactions. The mild side effects included corneal microdeposits, skin rashes, and gastrointestinal symptoms. There was a weak correlation between blood levels of amiodarone, the daily dose, and the cumulative dose (r = 0.23, p = 0.015). Drug levels were higher in symptomatic patients (p less than 0.03), although they received lower doses of amiodarone. While amiodarone is associated with frequent side effects, they are generally mild and do not necessitate drug discontinuation. Careful monitoring of therapy is essential to detect the potentially serious adverse reactions which are encountered in nearly 20% of patients. PMID- 3158189 TI - Inhibition of demand pacemakers by myopotentials. AB - The inhibition of unipolar demand pacemakers by myopotentials was studied in 215 paced patients with or without symptoms and in steady pacing rhythm. ECG recordings were taken of all patients at rest and during effort in which maximal muscular strength from the pectoralis major (PM) and rectus abdominis (RA) muscles was required. In 75 patients (34.9%) transient pacing inhibition was observed. In these patients myopotentials from the PM and RA muscles were recorded simultaneously at rest and during special effort. The PM was the dominant source of inhibiting myopotentials in 50.7% of the total patients with oversensing and the RA was dominant in 28%. In the remaining 21.3%, neither of these muscle groups alone was able to cause inhibition and a clear synergy of both the PM and RA muscles was required. When oversensing occurred in a pacemaker implanted in the thoracic wall, the PM was the dominant cause in 54.4% of patients and the RA in 23.5%, while a synergy of both muscles was required in the remaining 22%. When the pacemaker was implanted in the abdominal wall, the RA was the dominant source of inhibiting myopotentials in all but two patients. PMID- 3158190 TI - Relation of coronary arterial occlusion pressure during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty to presence of collaterals. AB - To investigate the relation of the gradient across a coronary artery stenosis and the pressure distal to the stenosis after proximal occlusion during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty to the amount of angiographically estimated collateral circulation, 63 patients (55 men, 8 women) were studied. All patients had 1-vessel disease (54 left anterior descending, 8 right coronary artery and 1 circumflex coronary artery). All patients had documented ischemia, and angioplasty was carried out within 4 weeks after the initial angiogram. The patients were separated into 4 groups: 0 = no collaterals (35 patients), +1 = just visible collaterals (8 patients), +2 = collaterals without reaching the contralateral vessel (10 patients), and +3 = filling of the contralateral vessel (10 patients). There was no difference in age among the 4 groups. There was a significant negative relation of the gradient vs the extent of collateral circulation, although the degree of stenosis increased significantly from group 0 to group +3. There was a significant positive relation of the occlusion pressure (in absolute terms and in percent of the proximal systolic pressure) vs the extent of collateral circulation. There was a significantly smaller change of the occlusion pressure vs the distal pressure before occlusion if good collaterals were present. The occlusion pressure remained constant during 1 occlusion up to 40 seconds and was reproducible in 3 successive occlusions. In conclusion, the pressure distal to a coronary artery stenosis is mainly dependent on the severity of the stenosis and on the collateral flow. If anterograde flow is eliminated by proximal occlusion the distal pressure is only dependent on the extent of collateral circulation. PMID- 3158191 TI - Clinical-electrocardiographic correlates of newly acquired left bundle branch block: the Framingham Study. AB - To determine whether any associated electrocardiographic findings in persons with newly acquired complete left bundle branch block (LBBB) correlate with the prevalence of associated clinically apparent cardiovascular abnormalities, electrocardiograms (ECGs) from all 55 members of the Framingham Study cohort in whom LBBB developed during 18 years of routine prospective biennial examinations were reviewed. A QRS axis left of or equal to 0 degrees, left atrial conduction delay and an inverted T wave in lead V6 on the first ECG with LBBB, and an abnormal ECG in the Framingham examination preceding the appearance of LBBB each correlated with the prevalence of systemic hypertension, cardiomegaly, coronary heart disease and congestive heart failure. However, neither the PR interval nor the duration of the QRS complex on the first ECG with LBBB correlated with the prevalence of any of the associated cardiovascular abnormalities. The 8 patients with neither left atrial conduction delay nor a QRS axis left of or equal to 0 degrees on the first Framingham ECG with LBBB nor an abnormal ECG on the examination preceding the appearance of LBBB were 6 times more likely to remain free of all of the clinical cardiovascular abnormalities than the 47 patients with 1 or more of these 3 electrocardiographic findings (p less than 0.001). PMID- 3158192 TI - Streptozotocin for metastatic malignant melanoma. AB - Streptozotocin was administered at a dose of 500 mg/m2/day by continuous infusion for 120 hours to 14 patients with advanced malignant melanoma. No responses were observed in this group of patients and the median survival for the entire group was 2 months. At the dose and schedule delivered, streptozotocin is inactive against malignant melanoma. PMID- 3158193 TI - Unusual extraperitoneal presentations of diverticulitis. AB - Extraperitoneal presentations of complicated diverticular disease are unusual. The initial clinical presentations of these extraperitoneal manifestations have been described in the perineum, scrotum, buttock, hip, joints, thigh, lower extremities, mediastinum, and neck. These presentations render the diagnosis difficult and may lead to the delay of the proper therapy. The purpose of this report is to call attention to these unusual extraperitoneal presentations of complicated diverticular disease to describe the routes of spread and to present a case in point. Reviewing the literature, we have concluded that these unusual presentations occur more commonly in women and the elderly, that a delayed diagnosis significantly increases the mortality rate, and that the most common site of an extraperitoneal presentation is in the area of the hip. PMID- 3158194 TI - Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty for the treatment of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 3158195 TI - Indication for intervention in patients with renovascular hypertension. AB - It is now possible to accurately identify patients with renovascular hypertension who need renal angioplasty or revascularization. Evaluation does not require hospitalization and begins with the determination of an ambulatory plasma renin activity (PRA) indexed against sodium excretion and a captopril test. Subsequently differential renal vein renins with matching inferior vena caval (IVC) renins are measured often with converting enzyme inhibition. Identifying criteria are as follows: (1) high PRA indexed against sodium excretion, (2) hypersecretion of renin following captopril administration, (3) absence of renin secretion from the contralateral kidney, and (4) an ipsilateral renal vein renin increment at least 50% greater than the matching IVC renin. Patients who meet the criteria are admitted for percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty. PMID- 3158196 TI - Renovascular hypertension. Introduction: questions, current knowledge, and clinical implications. PMID- 3158197 TI - A Bayesian approach for predicting judged hearing disability. AB - A method of determining the cutoff point for an administrative decision to award compensation is proposed. To construct the predictive system a Bayesian approach and discriminant analysis were employed. Judged hearing disability was used as the criterion with audiometric scores as the determining variables. The common law doctrine of the balance of probability was used as the criterion, namely the 50th centile, on which to propose a cutoff point. The highest precision in predicting judged hearing disability was obtained with an average audiometric score at 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000 Hz in the worse ear. Assuming that judged hearing disability is a valid predictor of handicap, the cutoff point based on the balance of probability (50th centile) was obtained at 25 dB. The study also confirmed results from previous studies: hearing sensitivity in frequencies higher than 2,000 Hz is required to predict hearing disability and handicap, judged hearing disability is better correlated with hearing sensitivity in the worst ear, and the audiometric cutoff point for a medical legal definition of impairment should be lower than what certain technical groups have proposed in the past. PMID- 3158198 TI - Factors influencing maternal estimates of genetic risk. AB - The relationship between the objective and subjective estimates of genetic risk was studied in 202 women accepting and 50 women not accepting amniocentesis. All women were at risk of having a child with congenital anomalies either because of maternal age at pregnancy or family history of Down syndrome (DS) or other congenital anomalies. Only 28.6% of the women rejecting and 44.4% of the women accepting amniocentesis remembered correctly their objective odds. The correlations between the objective risk estimates and the subjective risk estimates were low overall (r = 0.089, p = 0.08); for women rejecting (r = 0.024, p = 0.44) or accepting (r = 0.082, p = 0.12) amniocentesis. The psychosocial and sociodemographic variables relating to either objective or subjective risk estimates were different for both groups of women. The study provides information on variables that should be taken into consideration in formulating a general theory to predict individual perceptions of genetic risk. PMID- 3158199 TI - Maternal speech to prelinguistic children with Down syndrome. AB - The linguistic environment of prelinguistic children with Down syndrome who were cognitively ready to talk was investigated. Maternal speech to these children was compared to maternal speech to three groups of nonhandicapped children: one matched for level of linguistic development; one matched for MA, and one matched for CA. Mother and child participated in a 45-minute free-play session, using a specially chosen set of toys. As predicted, the language of the mothers of the children with Down syndrome differed significantly from that of the mothers of each of the groups of nonhandicapped children with regard to the functional language features studied. PMID- 3158200 TI - Appearance and mental retardation: some first steps in the development and application of a measure. AB - A measure of atypical appearance derived from components developed during the course of a study of 22-year-old mentally retarded adults was described. Hypotheses about relationships between mental retardation, biological damage, and appearance were tested and confirmed. Atypical appearance increased with severity of retardation. Mildly retarded young adults who received no mental retardation services after age 16 were more atypical in appearance than were nonretarded peers. Issues relating to the appearance measure and the results were discussed. PMID- 3158201 TI - Psychometric characteristics of the aberrant behavior checklist. AB - Information was presented on the psychometric characteristics of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Checklist appeared to be very good. Interrater reliability tended to vary across raters and subscales and ranged from mediocre to good but was generally in the moderate range and acceptable for research purposes. Validity was assessed by comparing Checklist scores for residents presenting with attributes thought to reflect varying degrees of social adaptation. Validity was also evaluated by comparing Aberrant Behavior Checklist scores with ratings on adaptive behavior scales and with objective observations of behavior. In general, validity was established for most Aberrant Behavior Checklist subscales. Preliminary data from drug investigations suggested that the Checklist may provide a useful adjunct for the assessment of psychotropic drug effects. PMID- 3158202 TI - Variables discriminating residential placement of severely handicapped children. AB - The relationship of 11 social and status variables to two placement groups of severely handicapped children (home and community-based residential facility). Using a multiple discriminant analysis, we found that 6 of these variables (child's age, parental feelings about the suggestion to institutionalize, religiosity, mother's age, child's age at first words, and child's age at school entry) contributed significantly to the discrimination between the two groups. When the resulting coefficient of discrimination was applied to a subsample, statistical classification agreed with known placement in 75.68% of the cases, indicating a high degree of discrimination between children residing at home and in residential settings on the variables studied. PMID- 3158203 TI - Nutritional deficiencies in institutionalized mentally retarded and physically disabled individuals. AB - The folic acid, riboflavin, and vitamin A status of 150 individuals in a hospital for mentally retarded persons was examined. Because many of the subjects were incontinent, it was necessary to use blood samples. Folic acid deficiency was determined from plasma levels and from examination of stained peripheral blood smears for megaloblastic changes in the leucocytes. Riboflavin deficiency was determined from estimation of erythrocyte glutathione reductase and vitamin A in plasma by a colorimetric method. Twenty percent of the subjects had evidence of folic acid deficiency, 17% had evidence of riboflavin deficiency, and none had vitamin A deficiency. PMID- 3158204 TI - Adaptive behavior of institutionalized individuals with Down syndrome. AB - Institutional residents with Down syndrome (N = 413) were matched with an equal number of residents in other diagnostic categories with respect to sex, age, length of hospitalization, and IQ. The two groups were compared on 62 items of the Client Development Evaluation Report, and significant differences were found on 19 of these items. The subjects with Down syndrome tended to show greater social competence (except in the clarity of their speech) and less maladaptive behavior. To account for these differences, we offer the speculative hypothesis that the favorable expectations of service providers for their clients with Down syndrome may come to serve as self-fulfilling prophecies. PMID- 3158205 TI - High-risk population for Down syndrome: orthodox Jews in Jerusalem. AB - Data from 55 Jewish children with Down syndrome who were being followed at the Jerusalem Child and Family Rehabilitation Center were analyzed. The children were born between the years 1968 and 1982. Forty-one (75%) of them were from religiously observant families, whereas only 36% of school-age children in Jerusalem come from religious families. There was no difference between religious groups in mean age of parents, sex of the child, or ethnic origin (Ashkenazi or Sephardic), but a significant difference was found in the mean birth rank of religious and nonreligious children. PMID- 3158207 TI - Handicapping the "disabled": on our reactions to the disabled. PMID- 3158206 TI - Maternal and fetal beta-endorphin release in response to the stress of labor and delivery. AB - In order to clarify the stress effect of labor on maternal and neonatal plasma levels of beta-endorphin, we measured this peptide in samples taken from 40 pregnant patients and their neonates at the time of normal vaginal delivery (n = 15), and at cesarean section performed either in early labor (n = 13) or prior to labor (n = 12). The mean (+/- SE) maternal plasma concentration of beta-endorphin in the vaginal delivery group was 40.3 +/- 5.6 fmol/ml, which was significantly higher than that in their neonates (21.3 +/- 2.9 fmol/ml). In contrast, maternal levels of beta-endorphin in the cesarean section groups (8.2 +/- 1.2 and 8.5 +/- fmol/ml) were significantly lower than those in their neonates (23.3 +/- 5.6 and 15.6 +/- 2.8 fmol/ml). Concentrations of beta-endorphin in mothers delivered vaginally were also significantly higher than those in mothers delivered by cesarean section. However, there was no difference in mean cord levels of beta endorphin among the three groups. These findings indicate that neither the presence or absence of labor affects fetal plasma beta-endorphin secretion and the stress of labor and delivery produces a marked increase in maternal release of beta-endorphin. PMID- 3158208 TI - Morphologic studies of bladder tumors treated with hematoporphyrin derivative photochemotherapy. AB - The morphologic changes that occurred in transplanted rat bladder tumors after treatment with hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) and/or phototherapy were investigated. Transitional cell bladder tumors were initiated subcutaneously in male F344 rats by injection of AY27 cells. When tumors reached 1 cm in diameter, the rats received either HPD (10 mg/kg body weight) photochemotherapy, HPD only, phototherapy only, or no treatment. Tumors were sampled immediately (0 time), 1/2, 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours after phototreatment for light and electron microscopy. Tumors receiving HPD-photochemotherapy displayed progressive injury to both tumor cells and endothelial cells. Early changes (0-2 hours) included focal tumor and endothelial cell vacuolation and swelling as well as sloughing of tumor cells into papillary spaces. Tumor cells and endothelial cells displayed vacuolization and damage to cell mitochondria immediately after phototreatment. Intercellular spaces also increased in size. Lethally injured cells were apparent in papillary spaces. At 4 hours after phototherapy, tumor cells and endothelial cells exhibited extensive cell damage, including mitochondrial destruction, endoplasmic reticulum swelling, polyribosome disaggregation, and plasma membrane blebbing. By 24 hours after phototherapy, the majority of cells within the tumor were necrotic. Untreated tumors and those treated with phototherapy-only did not exhibit these changes. Tumors that received HPD only exhibited focal areas of cell swelling and focal mitochondrial vacuolization in both tumor and endothelial cells. These changes, unlike the HPD-light-treated group did not progress and were reversible. PMID- 3158209 TI - Lymphomatoid papulosis. A cutaneous proliferation of activated helper T cells expressing Hodgkin's disease-associated antigens. AB - A distinctive immunologic phenotype was demonstrated for the characteristic large atypical cells in skin lesions of 9 patients with lymphomatoid papulosis (LP). Coexpression of Hodgkin's disease (HD)-associated antigen(s) Ki-1, and often Leu M1, with helper T-cell antigens T11, T4, and T3 and cellular activation antigens Tac, Ia, and T9 was the most common phenotype, observed in 6 of 9 cases. In 2 cases T-cell-specific antigens were not detected, and the phenotype was indistinguishable from Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells of HD. Numerous Ki-1 positive cells and infrequent expression of Leu-1 antigen by large atypical cells in LP cases facilitated the differential diagnosis between LP and mycosis fungoides. A possible transition between small, medium, and large cells expressing only T-cell antigens and large transformed RS-like cells expressing both T-cell and HD associated antigens was shown by immunoelectron microscopy. These immunologic findings should prove useful for the diagnosis of LP and may help to explain the unexpectedly frequent clinical associations of LP, mycosis fungoides, and HD. PMID- 3158211 TI - Regulation of hormonal responsiveness in LLC-PK1L cells grown in defined medium. AB - LLC-PK1L cells, a kidney-derived cell line, were able to grow in a chemically defined medium. Growth of the cells in the presence of retinol, ergocalciferol, d alpha-tocopherol, 3,3',5-triiodothyronine, hydrocortisone, l-carnitine, d-l methionine-S-methylsulfonium chloride, insulin, transferrin, cholesterol, and sodium linoleate increased the number of vasopressin receptors by 20- to 40-fold. All the newly detectable vasopressin receptors were coupled to the adenylate cyclase activity with similar efficiency. The same growth conditions did not alter the basal adenylate cyclase activity or the responses to calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, prostaglandin, adenosine, and GTP. In contrast, the increased responsiveness of the adenylate cyclase to vasopressin was associated with a reduced response to isoproterenol. Such an inverse correlation was also found when the time course of vasopressin receptor induction was studied. The supplemented medium permitted the growth of cells for several weeks. The effects of the enriched medium were fully reversible when we returned to the original cell growth medium. Thus such a cellular system appears as a useful tool for further work in cellular and kidney endocrinology and for detailing the molecular mechanisms of receptor-adenylate cyclase regulations. PMID- 3158212 TI - Calcium pump, high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase, and other ATPases in dog antrum smooth muscle plasma membrane. AB - The plasma membrane-enriched fraction from dog antrum smooth muscle is enriched in ATP-dependent azide-insensitive Ca2+ uptake (0.3-0.4 microM Ca2+ required for half-maximal activity), a high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase (Km of 0.3-0.8 microM for Ca2+), a low-affinity Ca2+-ATPase (Km for 250-400 microM for Ca2+), and a Mg2+ ATPase. Studies using membranes washed with EDTA and assay media treated with Chelex 100 showed that the high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase did not depend on contaminating Mg2+. Thus, whereas the ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake had an absolute requirement for Mg2+, the Ca2+-ATPases did not. Studies using gamma-irradiation showed that the protein responsible for the ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake was inactivated at significantly lower doses of radiation than the three ATPases. The Ca2+ uptake and the high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase also differed in their inhibition by calmodulin antagonists and 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid. Thus it is unlikely that the high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase by itself is responsible for the ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake. PMID- 3158210 TI - Human endometrium transplanted into nude mice. Histologic effects of various steroid hormones. AB - In a histologic study of human endometrium transplanted into nude mice, eutopic endometrium from each of 8 women was transplanted subcutaneously to 4 nude mice, 1 of which was treated with polyestradiol phosphate, 1 with MPA, 1 with danazol, and 1 of which was left untreated as a control. Grafts were removed after varying intervals of up to 57 days. Residual histologically evaluable endometrial tissue was found in 32 of the 96 grafts (33%). None of the extirpated grafts had the same histologic pattern as the eutopic endometrium. Besides confirming that human endometrium can be transplanted into nude mice, our findings suggest that grafts react histologically in the same way as eutopic human endometrium to hormone treatment. The specific stroma seems to be crucial to a graft's capacity to respond to hormonal stimuli, and its replacement by fibrous tissue was accompanied by glandular epithelial changes very similar to those seen in human endometriotic lesions. PMID- 3158213 TI - Examination of irreversible platelet-fibrinogen interactions. AB - The progressive stabilization of fibrinogen binding to ADP-treated platelets has been well described, but the nature of this interaction remains obscure. In the present study, irreversibly bound fibrinogen was defined as that fraction of bound iodinated fibrinogen that failed to dissociate from stimulated human gel filtered platelets within 10 min of adding 10 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. It represented 16 +/- 11% (mean +/- SD, n = 10) of fibrinogen bound to ADP treated platelets after 1 min and 52 +/- 11% of fibrinogen bound to these platelets after 60 min. Similar results were obtained if platelets were stimulated with purified human thrombin (0.1 U/ml) or epinephrine (10 microM). Irreversible fibrinogen binding was significantly reduced at 4 degrees C (27 +/- 9%, mean +/- SD, n = 6) if platelets were preincubated (30 min, 25 degrees C) with 30 micrograms/ml cytochalasin B or D (18 +/- 8%) or stimulated with chymotrypsin (0.5 mg/2-3 X 10(8) platelets) (31 +/- 8%). Formation of irreversible platelet-fibrinogen interactions correlated with the incorporation of actin and actin-binding protein into the Triton X-100-insoluble platelet cytoskeleton and the ability of platelets to retract fibrin clots. Irreversibly bound fibrinogen was available on platelets for digestion by 0.2 U/ml plasmin. The enzyme removed 96 +/- 6% (mean +/- SD, n = 6) of all bound fibrinogen from platelets after 30 min at 25 degrees C. This was not accompanied by significant release of [14C]serotonin or lactate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, platelets incubated with plasmin could bind fibrinogen normally after the enzyme had been neutralized with aprotinin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3158215 TI - Methyl palmoxirate increases Ca2+-myosin ATPase activity and changes myosin isoenzyme distribution in the diabetic rat heart. AB - Previous studies have shown that in rats diabetes mellitus leads to a decrease in cardiac ventricle myosin V1 and an increase in myosin V3 levels. Insulin administration reverts myosin isoenzyme distribution to normal levels. It is currently unclear whether the effects of insulin on myosin isoenzyme distribution are a direct effect of the hormone or are mediated through insulin-induced alterations in cardiac metabolism. To gain further insight into this question diabetic rats received methyl palmoxirate, a potent inhibitor of long-chain fatty acid oxidation. Administration of 25 mg methyl palmoxirate X kg body wt-1 X day-1 to diabetic rats for 4 wk leads to a partial reversal of the effects of diabetes. Myosin V1 predominance is re-established and Ca2+-activated myosin ATPase activity increases by 60% (Ca2+-myosin ATPase normal rats 1.067 +/- 0.13 mumol Pi X mg protein-1 X min-1, diabetic rats 0.609 +/- 0.05 mumol Pi X mg protein-1 X min-1, diabetic + methyl palmoxirate rats 0.912 +/- 0.06 mumol Pi X mg protein-1 X min-1). The methyl palmoxirate-induced increase in myosin V1 levels and Ca2+ activated myosin ATPase activity occurred in the absence of changes in insulin and thyroid hormone levels. Methyl palmoxirate may have acted through its known inhibitory effect on cardiac beta-oxidation and/or the resultant stimulatory effect on glycolytic flux. Our findings may indicate that changes in cardiac substrate consumption can influence myosin isoenzyme predominance. PMID- 3158214 TI - Action of a phorbol ester on B-cells: potentiation of stimulant-induced electrical activity. AB - The possible role of protein kinase c in regulating the electrical events in the B-cell plasma membrane was examined by using the tumor promoter 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a known activator of this enzyme. TPA has been found to enhance glucose- and sulfonylurea-induced insulin secretion with little or no effect on the fluxes of 86Rb+ or 45Ca2+ across the plasma membrane. TPA, 0.2 microM, did not influence the membrane potential from 0 to 5.6 mM glucose but increased by two- to threefold the fraction of the plateau phase of the oscillatory electrical activity induced by 7.0-11.1 mM glucose. This effect of TPA was completely blocked by 0.5 mM spermidine, an inhibitor of protein kinase c. However, spermidine had no influence on the electrical activity elicited by glucose alone. Glyburide, 10 nM, initiated slow depolarization and constant spike activity after about 18 and 25 min, respectively. TPA or 2.8 mM glucose reduced the lag period for glyburide to elicit an electrical response by about 75%. The duration of the spikes was increased two- to threefold by the presence of glucose or TPA with glyburide. There were also characteristic differences in the shape of the spikes under each experimental condition. Spermidine inhibited the influence of glucose, but not TPA, on the glyburide induced electrical response. These results indicate that TPA may influence stimulant-induced electrical events via protein kinase c or by directly altering the ionic permeability of the plasma membrane. PMID- 3158216 TI - Selective localization of a bone marrow cell subpopulation at the implantation site in murine decidua. AB - Recent studies of the surface markers on cells in murine decidua have suggested that a proportion of the cells originate from the bone marrow. To examine directly the migration of bone marrow cells to decidua, we labeled whole bone marrow with TRITC and counted the number of cells appearing in decidua following adoptive transfer to virgin or allopregnant C3H mice. Labeled cells were readily identified in decidua by 3 hours after injection, and fewer cells were seen in the lining of the virgin uterus compared to allopregnant recipients. The presence of labeled cells could not be explained by blood contamination. The TRITC-labeled cells were found preferentially at the implantation sites, and while labeled bone marrow cells could be found in spleen as well as in decidua, adoptively transferred TRITC-labeled spleen cells localized preferentially in spleen and lymph nodes draining the uterus rather than in decidua. Velocity sedimentation analysis showed that the labeled bone marrow cells lodging in decidua were small lymphocytic cells (S = 2.5-4 mm/hr) and appeared to derive preferentially from small-sized bone marrow cells (S less than 4.3 mm/hr). These observations indicate that a subpopulation of bone marrow cells selectively homes to the implantation site in decidua during successful allopregnancy. The possible significance of this observation is discussed. PMID- 3158217 TI - The implanted pump in metastatic colorectal cancer of the liver. Risk versus benefit. AB - Forty patients with colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver were treated with an implanted pump for hepatic artery perfusion. Regional chemotherapy utilized floxuridine with half of patients also receiving monthly cisplatin. Follow-up was 13 to 29 months. Responses to treatment occurred in 19 patients (47 percent) and correlated with survival of more than 1 year. Several factors produced significant reductions in survival: presence of extrahepatic disease, large tumor volume, jaundice, ascites, or both, and elevated liver chemistry values. These prognostic factors should govern patient selection. Toxicity included gastritis, peptic ulcer, disruption of arterial integrity, and severe chemical effects on the hepatic cells, the bile ducts, and the gallbladder. Over half of the patients had serious toxicity. Two died from biliary strictures without autopsy evidence of tumor. Steps to avoid life-threatening toxicity include ligation of all hepatic artery branches to the stomach, prophylactic cholecystectomy, and reduction of chemotherapy at the first sign of toxicity. PMID- 3158219 TI - [Conservative treatment of patients in the initial stage of sclerocystic ovary syndrome]. PMID- 3158218 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of patients with typical forms of polycystic ovaries]. PMID- 3158220 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of patients with an atypical form of the polycystic ovary syndrome]. PMID- 3158221 TI - [Effectiveness of various methods of treatment of sclerocystic ovary syndrome depending on clinico-pathogenetic variants]. PMID- 3158222 TI - [Local uterine hormonemia and steroid hormone receptors]. PMID- 3158223 TI - [Endocrine changes in women with galactorrhea]. PMID- 3158224 TI - [Use of functional tests for defining the origin of menstruation disorders]. PMID- 3158225 TI - [Gonadotropic function of the hypophysis and the secretion of sex hormones in women with climacteric and post-castration syndromes]. PMID- 3158226 TI - [Prolactinoma: etiology, pathogenesis, clinical course and treatment]. PMID- 3158227 TI - [Structural characteristics of the pathologically changed uterus after treatment with sex hormones]. PMID- 3158228 TI - [Step-by-step physiotherapy of menstruation disorders of central origin in adolescents]. PMID- 3158229 TI - [Endocrine function of the reproductive system after early abortion by vacuum aspiration]. PMID- 3158230 TI - [Diagnostic value of laparoscopy and ultrasonic scanning in infertility and oligomenorrhea]. PMID- 3158231 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of various methods of treating endometrial hyperplasia]. PMID- 3158232 TI - [Artificial termination of pregnancy in patients with uterine myoma]. PMID- 3158234 TI - [Histoenzymological and hormonal parallels in the study of the ovaries and uterus in experimental salpingo-oophoritis]. PMID- 3158235 TI - [Blood groups and benign tumors of the uterus and ovaries in women]. PMID- 3158236 TI - [Risk indicators in oncogynecology]. PMID- 3158237 TI - [Irritable bowel syndrome in gynecological practice]. PMID- 3158233 TI - [Artificial heterologous insemination with cryopreserved sperm]. PMID- 3158238 TI - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of secondary amenorrhea in adolescents]. PMID- 3158239 TI - [Colpitis: pathogenesis, classification and diagnosis (I)]. PMID- 3158240 TI - [Dispensarization of patients with genital endometriosis]. PMID- 3158241 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of various bladder dysfunctions in women with stress induced urinary incontinence]. PMID- 3158242 TI - [Adrenal hyperandrogenism and its obstetrical aspects]. PMID- 3158243 TI - Failure of two benzodiazepines to prevent suxamethonium-induced muscle pain. AB - In a randomised double-blind trial carried out on fit, unpremedicated patients undergoing standard minor operations with early postoperative mobility, using a standard form of anaesthesia, pretreatment with diazepam 0.15 mg/kg or midazolam 0.1 mg/kg failed to reduce significantly the incidence of postoperative muscle pains following suxamethonium 1 mg/kg. By contrast, tubocurarine 0.05 mg/kg proved to be effective as a pretreatment. Neither benzodiazepine influenced the incidence or severity of fasciculations seen with suxamethonium or the duration of neuromuscular block. Tubocurarine virtually abolished visible fasciculation and, in the dose used, reduced the intensity and duration of the neuromuscular block. There were no clinically significant changes in serum potassium, creatinine phosphokinase or aldolase after suxamethonium, although 5 out of 47 showed an atypical rise in creatinine phosphokinase. PMID- 3158244 TI - Analysis of 3-indolylacetic acid and abscisic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. AB - A method of analysis of 3-indolylacetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA), allowing the simultaneous extraction of both regulators from plant material, has been developed. The method involves extraction with methanol, isolation of the acid fraction, diazomethane methylation, separation of the hormones through reverse-phase preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and quantification of both compounds by gas-liquid chromatography. The recovery percentage at each step was monitored with radioactive compounds added at the beginning of the process. The final recovery was 70% for IAA and 96% for ABA. The method was applied to the analysis of the IAA and ABA content of stems of hazel (Corylus avellana L.). PMID- 3158245 TI - Lithium-selective polymeric membrane electrodes based on dodecylmethyl-14-crown 4. PMID- 3158246 TI - Ultrastructural changes of neuromuscular receptor organs in the masseter muscles following unilateral transection of the rat infraorbital nerve. AB - Definite ultrastructural changes of the neuromuscular receptor organs were demonstrated in the young and adult rat masseter muscles either on the operated or unoperated side following the unilateral transection of the infraorbital nerve. The grade of the degeneration was intensive but quite similar in having no relation to the age of the rat when the operation was performed, while it increased drastically with time after the operation. On this base, it may be suggested that the sensory input coming from the various kinds of sensory receptors in the snout field do rather affect bilaterally the minor reflexive movements of the jaw. In other words, it can be said that the minor reflexive movements of the jaw might have been controlled by the sensory inputs coming from the snout sensory receptor organs. The definitely degenerated changes of the neuromuscular receptor organs in the masseter muscles should be regarded as disuse atrophy following the interception of the snout sensory input. PMID- 3158247 TI - Suspensory ligaments of nerves: an adaptation for protection of the avian spinal cord. PMID- 3158248 TI - [Comparison of liver lobule types, including Rappaport's acinus in swine]. PMID- 3158250 TI - Arteria linguofacialis of the donkey (Equus asinus). PMID- 3158249 TI - Ultrastructure and innervation of smooth muscle in the porcine oviduct. PMID- 3158251 TI - The cerebellum of the one-humped camel. PMID- 3158252 TI - The choledochoduodenal junction in sheep and goat. PMID- 3158253 TI - [Light and electron microscopic studies of the development and function of the albumin sac in incubated goose eggs]. PMID- 3158254 TI - Atracurium infusion requirements in children during halothane, isoflurane, and narcotic anesthesia. AB - We were interested in determining the dose-response relationship of atracurium in children (2-10 yr) during nitrous oxide-isoflurane anesthesia (1%) and the atracurium infusion rate required to maintain about 95% neuromuscular blockade during nitrous oxide-halothane (0.8%), nitrous oxide-isoflurane (1%), or nitrous oxide-narcotic anesthesia. Neuromuscular blockade was monitored by recording the electromyographic activity of the adductor pollicis muscle resulting from supramaximal stimulation at the ulnar nerve at 2 Hz for 2 sec at 10-sec intervals. To estimate dose-response relationships, three groups of five children received 80, 100, 150 micrograms/kg atracurium, respectively. During isoflurane anesthesia, the neuromuscular block produced by 80 micrograms/kg was 23.6% +/- 6.5 (mean +/- SEM), by 100 micrograms/kg was 45% +/- 7.2, and by 150 micrograms/kg was 64% +/- 8.7. The ED50 and ED95 (estimated from linear regression plots of log dose vs probit of effect) were 120 micrograms/kg and 280 micrograms/kg, respectively. At equipotent concentrations, halothane and isoflurane augment atracurium neuromuscular block to the same extent, compared to narcotic anesthesia. Atracurium steady-state infusion requirements averaged 6.3 +/- 0.6 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 during halothane or isoflurane anesthesia; the requirements during balanced anesthesia were 9.3 +/- 0.8 micrograms . kg-1 . min 1 (P less than 0.05). There was no evidence of cumulation during prolonged atracurium infusion. PMID- 3158256 TI - Anesthesia and intraocular pressure. PMID- 3158255 TI - Acid and alkaline solutions of local anesthetics: duration of nerve block and tissue pH. AB - The effect of solution pH on the duration of rat infraorbital nerve blocks produced by 1% lidocaine or 0.25% bupivacaine at pH 5.0 and 7.4, with and without epinephrine was investigated in a double-blind study. The time course of tissue pH changes subsequent to infections into the infraorbital area or abdominal musculature of rats was measured with a tissue pH microelectrode. Injectable pH had little or no effect upon the duration of block. Tissue pH was minimally changed by the injection of solutions at pH 7.4, but decreased appreciably with injections of solutions at pH 5.0, or if the injectate contained epinephrine. PMID- 3158257 TI - Atracurium in a patient with pheochromocytoma. PMID- 3158259 TI - Laparoscopic-assisted serial biopsy of the bovine kidney. AB - A serial renal biopsy with endoscopy was done, using 10 calves and a cow. In 8 of the calves, biopsy materials were collected 3 to 5 times over a period of 15 to 41 days. A laparoscope was inserted into the peritoneal cavity from the center of the right paralumbar fossa through the outer cannula of the trocar. Under laparoscopic observation, the renal parenchyma was collected with the cutting prong of a biopsy needle. Of 34 biopsy attempts, 32 were successful; in 2, there was incomplete penetration of the trocar assembly into the peritoneal cavity. In one instance, the trocar was misguided to the small intestine which was closely adherent to the peritoneum. The error may have been the result of the presence of a persistent blood clot resulting from the preceding biopsy. An immediate saline rinse of the blood clot attached to kidney and the surrounding tissues was effective in preventing such adhesions. The size of the average sample obtained was 1.5 mm in diameter and 16 mm (2 to 40 mm) long. The tissues were collected in 61 times from the 72 insertions of the biopsy needle to the renal tissue. The 11 unsuccessful attempts were caused by bluntness of the cutting parts of the needle. Adverse clinical signs were no observed after the serial biopsy of kidney, except for the presence of blood in he urine persisting for 1 to 5 days. Although a dehydrated blood clot was found in the renal pelvis of one animal at necropsy, any complication such as obstruction of urinary flow was not observed. PMID- 3158258 TI - The response of myasthenia gravis to atracurium. PMID- 3158260 TI - Endogenous opioids and ventilatory responses to hypoxia in normal humans. AB - We studied the putative role of endorphins in modulating hypoxic ventilatory responsiveness. In 12 healthy men, minute ventilation (VE)and mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) responses to progressive isocapnic hypoxia were determined before and after the intravenous administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone (10 mg) or placebo. Plasma levels of beta-endorphin were measured before and after hypoxia. Naloxone did not affect the slopes or x-intercepts of the relationships between either VE or P0.1 and arterial O2 saturation. There was no correlation between the baseline plasma level of beta-endorphin and any measure of responsiveness to hypoxia. Plasma beta-endorphin levels were not affected by either short-term hypoxia or naloxone alone; however, when hypoxia followed naloxone administration, mean +/- SD beta-endorphin increased from 8.0 +/- 8.9 pg/ml to 20.2 +/- 16.6 pg/ml (p less than 0.005). We concluded that endogenous opioids do not have an important modulating influence on hypoxic ventilatory responsiveness in adult human volunteers. PMID- 3158261 TI - Drug extravasation as a complication of venous access ports. PMID- 3158264 TI - The microcirculatory pattern of the transverse-abdominal flap: a cross-sectional xerographic and CAT scanning study. AB - Following unilateral iliac artery injection of radiopaque Microfil in cadavers, coronal sections of the anterior abdominal wall at 1-cm intervals were obtained employing computerized axial tomography of the intact specimen as well as xerography of frozen slices. Because they avoid the distortion and disruption of the vasculature induced by anatomical dissection, these studies clearly indicate that the arterial supply to zones 3 and 4 of the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap is derived through the following systems: the subdermal plexus, and the superficial subcutaneous tissue crossover system. This study substantiates previous anatomical assumptions. PMID- 3158263 TI - Airflow study of pathologic larynges using a hot wire flowmeter. AB - Two aspects of laryngeal airflow, constant flow rate (DC) and alternating flow rate (AC), were examined in patients with vocal cord paralysis, acute laryngitis, and vocal cord polyps using the hot wire flowmeter. Vocal cord paralysis was characterized by a large DC with a small AC/DC percentage, and acute laryngitis showed a normal DC in spite of a small AC/DC percentage. No consistent finding was observed for the laryngeal polyp. Simultaneous measurement of both parameters was thought to better define the physiologic correlates of hoarseness in various laryngeal disorders. PMID- 3158262 TI - The hypercoagulable states. AB - Patients are considered to have hypercoagulable states if they have laboratory abnormalities or clinical conditions that are associated with an increased risk of thrombosis (prethrombotic states) or if they have recurrent thrombosis without recognizable predisposing factors (thrombosis-prone). The number of specific primary hypercoagulable states that are recognized is growing. These disorders are generally inherited abnormalities of coagulation in which a physiologic anticoagulant mechanism is defective: for example, antithrombin III deficiency, protein C and protein S deficiency, abnormalities of the fibrinolytic system, and dysfibrinogenemias. Secondary hypercoagulable states are generally acquired disorders in patients with underlying systemic diseases or clinical conditions known to be associated with an increased risk of thrombosis: for example, malignancy, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, myeloproliferative disorders, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and abnormalities of blood vessels and rheology. The complex pathophysiologic features of these secondary hypercoagulable states are discussed, and a framework is provided for the laboratory investigation and systematic clinical approach to the patient. PMID- 3158266 TI - Occurrence of neuropathological changes and dementia of Alzheimer's disease in Down's syndrome. AB - One hundred brains of patients with Down's syndrome (DS) who died in institutions for chronic care were examined for clinicopathological correlation of Alzheimer's disease. Fifty-one were below and 49 were above age 30 years at death. Tissues from the right, prefrontal, and hippocampal cortices were processed for microscopy using H&E and Bodian-periodic acid-Schiff impregnation. Morphometric evaluations of plaques and tangles were carried out. Plaques or plaques and tangles were found in the brains of 56 patients with DS, 7 below age 30 and 49 above that age. A history of dementia was evident in the medical records of 15 of these patients; of these only 2 were below the age of 30. The brains of the patients with DS who also had clinical dementia had more than twenty plaques or plaques and tangles per 1.5 X 10(6) micron 2 of cortex. The numbers of plaques and tangles found in the brains of the patients with DS above the age of 30 greatly increased with age but varied from brain to brain. These observations suggest a correlation among dementia, the density of plaques and tangles, and age. All 100 brains studied showed early arrest of brain growth and brain atrophy, a condition that may have been due to prenatal arrest of neurogenesis mainly in the granular cell layers, prenatal and postnatal arrest of synaptogenesis, and early aging. Plaques and tangles developed twenty to thirty years earlier and dementia was clinically detected at least three times more frequently (20 to 30%) in DS than it is known to occur in the non-DS population. PMID- 3158265 TI - Antithrombin III, plasminogen, plasmin, and alpha-2-antiplasmin in donor blood and plasma components. AB - The functional levels of antithrombin III, plasminogen, plasmin, and alpha-2 antiplasmin were evaluated in sequentially derived fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and cryo-poor plasma aliquots from 20 registered blood donors. Antithrombin III is the major plasma inhibitor of the serine proteases of the procoagulant system. Plasminogen, the proenzymatic form of plasmin, is the primary endogenous profibrinolytic moiety; alpha-2-antiplasmin is the principal intermediate acting inhibitor of plasmin. As congenital or acquired deficiencies of antithrombin III and/or plasminogen predispose to thrombosis, and as these agents may be consumed in acute thrombosis, the goal of this investigation was to discern those plasma components which potentially might maximize both antithrombotic and fibrinolytic activities if used therapeutically. Using enzyme specific synthetic substrate methods, it was determined that no spontaneous plasmin activity was evident through phlebotomy or component processing and storage. Analysis of variance showed antithrombin III to be significantly decreased in cryoprecipitate as compared to the other components (p less than 0.0001). Furthermore, the level of antithrombin III or plasminogen in cryo-poor plasma and fresh frozen plasma was not statistically different. Also, the alpha-2 antiplasmin level was not statistically different among the specimen groups. Since fresh frozen plasma and cryo-poor plasma contain comparable total quantities of antithrombin III and plasminogen and as most of the activity of factors I, V, VIII, and XIII is diverted into cryoprecipitate, it is suggested that cryo-poor plasma may be preferable to fresh frozen plasma for the treatment of thrombosis associated with or complicated by antithrombin III and/or plasminogen deficiency. PMID- 3158267 TI - Coronary disease in women. AB - Myocardial infarction is uncommon in younger women in the absence of coronary risk factors; cigarette smoking and diabetes mellitus are major contributors to coronary risk. The presentation of coronary disease in women is more likely to be angina pectoris than myocardial infarction or sudden death. Myocardial infarction in women is characterized by increased morbidity and mortality, an excess of congestive heart failure, and a less favorable response to coronary bypass surgery. Psychosocial complications are greater and return to work is less likely. PMID- 3158268 TI - Staphylococcal toxin syndromes. AB - Staphylococcus aureus produces many extracellular products often referred to as toxins, some with definite disease-causing potential. The enterotoxins A through E are common causes of acute food poisoning characterized by a short incubation period after ingestion of performed toxin followed by nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The epidermolytic toxins (A, B) are absorbed from a local site of colonization or infection and affect the granular cell layer of skin to cause the painful erythroderma and desquamation of the scalded skin syndrome. Other unique S. aureus strains produce one or more products that appear to be formed at sites of focal infection (wound infection, vagina during menstruation and tampon use) with systemic absorption and generalized effects resulting in toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 3158269 TI - Reversal of cardiac hypertrophy by medical treatment. AB - Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients has been proven to follow effective blood pressure control by some antihypertensive drugs. This reversal does not depend solely on the degree of pressure reduction but is also modulated by other factors including, among others, stability of blood pressure control, degree of cardioadrenergic stimulation, and individual variations due to genetic background and possible age. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy is most likely to occur when the reduction in arterial pressure and peripheral resistance can be maintained without induced reflex cardiac stimulation. Left ventricular performance at rest was not depressed by the reduction in cardiac mass but remained normal both in absolute terms and in relation to changes in LV end-systolic stress. PMID- 3158270 TI - Treatment of arterial occlusive disease of the lower extremities. AB - The surgical management of arterial occlusive disease of the lower extremities is reviewed, with emphasis on extra-anatomic and reoperative methods. Consideration is given to alternative interventional radiologic techniques, both as definitive therapy as well as in conjunction with conventional surgical reconstruction. PMID- 3158271 TI - High-energy phosphate metabolism in vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 3158272 TI - Multiclinic comparative study of norfloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for treatment of urinary tract infections. AB - Three hundred seventy patients with upper or lower urinary tract infections were entered into a multicenter, open comparative study. A total of 190 patients were treated with norfloxacin, and 180 patients were treated with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. The percentage of strains susceptible to norfloxacin (99%) was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than the percentage of strains susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (90%). The percentages of patients with bacteriological outcomes of eradication were greater in the norfloxacin group (97%) than in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group (90%). The difference was significant (P less than 0.05). Seven patients (three treated with norfloxacin, four treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) experienced early reinfection. Of 370 patients entered into the study, 20 patients experienced clinical adverse effects that were probably or definitely related to the study drug; 6 patients were in the group that received norfloxacin, and 14 were in the group that received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Study antimicrobial agents were discontinued because of clinical adverse effects in eight patients (norfloxacin, one patient; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, seven patients). Three patients receiving norfloxacin and four patients receiving trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole had laboratory adverse effects which were classified as probably or definitely drug related. None of the clinical or laboratory adverse effects was serious. PMID- 3158273 TI - Effect of standard breakfast on drug absorption and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin. AB - Ciprofloxacin was administered to 10 volunteers, who received seven oral doses of 250 mg each at 12-h intervals. Volunteers alternately fasted (F) or received a standard breakfast (B) before the morning dose. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived from high-pressure liquid chromatography data from samples taken after the first and seventh doses and were analyzed in addition for differences caused by food intake. A significant (P less than 0.05) influence of the standard breakfast on the time to the peak was observed. Peak levels (+/- standard deviation) after the first and seventh doses averaged F (fasting): 1.35 +/- 0.17, B (breakfast): 1.02 +/- 0.28 micrograms/ml, and F: 1.41 +/- 0.32, B: 1.17 +/- 0.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. Mean trough concentrations after the first and seventh doses were F: 0.10 +/- 0.03, B: 0.14 +/- 0.03 micrograms/ml, and F: 0.16 +/- 0.05, B: 0.14 +/- 0.04 microgram/ml, respectively. As with the peak, trough concentrations were not affected significantly by food intake or by accumulation over the study period. Breakfast equally did not affect the terminal half-lives, which averaged F: 3.97 +/- 0.67, B: 4.35 +/- 0.88 h after the first dose and F: 4.64 +/- 0.91, B: 3.72 +/- 0.84 h after the seventh dose. Twelve-hour urinary recovery measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography averaged F: 31, B: 30% for the first dose and, in spite of a possible carry-over from the sixth dose, decreased to F: 25, B: 28% after the seventh dosing interval. When measured by bioassay, an increase of urinary recovery between the first dose (F: 38, B: 38%) and the seventh dose (F: 45, B: 45%) was observed. These differences suggest induction of drug metabolism with repeated doses. Ciprofloxacin was well tolerated by the volunteers. PMID- 3158274 TI - Comparison of high-pressure liquid chromatography and bioassay for determination of ciprofloxacin in serum and urine. AB - Ciprofloxacin was given orally to 10 healthy volunteers for seven consecutive doses of 250 mg every 12 h. Serum and urine samples were collected at distinct times between 0 and 96 h and analyzed both by high-pressure liquid chromatography and by a microbiological assay. The detection limits were 0.006 and 0.03 microgram/ml, respectively. For each method, imprecision coefficients of variation were less than 6.1% at various concentrations in serum and urine. The means +/- standard deviations of the absolute values of the relative differences between the two methods were 9.3 +/- 6.8% (n = 225) for serum samples and 58.5 +/ 50.4% (n = 70) for urine samples. Comparison of the concentrations in serum measured with high-pressure liquid chromatography and bioassay by regression analysis yielded a slope which was not significantly different from 1.0 (99.9% confidence limits: 0.984 less than slope less than 1.035). In urine, however, the bioassay results were markedly higher than the high-pressure liquid chromatography values (1.327 less than slope less than 1.698), which indicates the presence of antimicrobially active metabolites. The cumulative 12-h urinary recovery after the first and seventh doses averaged 30.2 +/- 8.5 and 26.4 +/- 4.6%, respectively, by high-pressure liquid chromatography, whereas with bioassay 38.2 +/- 5.9 and 45.5 +/- 5.9% activity was recovered. Protein binding appeared to be neither concentration nor pH dependent and averaged 21.9 +/- 4.1%. PMID- 3158275 TI - Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin after oral and parenteral administration. AB - In 12 fasting volunteers, the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin (Bay o 9867; 1 cyclopropyl-6-fluor-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinoline carbonic acid) were determined after the administration of 50, 100, and 750 mg orally as well as 50 and 100 mg intravenously over 15 min. Serum and urine concentrations were detected with a bioassay. In addition, urine concentrations after a 50-mg dosing were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The serum course of ciprofloxacin could best be described by an open three-compartment model. High volumes of distribution (exceeding 200 liters/100 kg) suggested effective diffusions in the extravascular space. The terminal half-life of ciprofloxacin ranged between 3 and 4 h. High total and renal clearances suggested additional elimination pathways, such as tubular secretion, metabolism, or biliary excretion. After oral administration, absorption was sufficient, and the absolute bioavailability varied between 0.77 and 0.63. Maximal serum concentrations were attained 0.5 to 1 h after dosing; the higher dosage tended towards a delay in absorption. The proportion of the relative amount of metabolites to the total amount of drug excreted in urine increased from 29.7% after intravenous administration to 42.7% after oral dosing, indicating a first-pass effect of the liver. Ciprofloxacin concentrations with a bioassay were 3 to 27% higher than with high-pressure liquid chromatography, which may indicate the presence of biologically active metabolites. No side effects were recorded. PMID- 3158276 TI - Comparative in vitro activities of aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, HR 810 (a new cephalosporin), RU28965 (a new macrolide), and other agents against enteropathogens. AB - The in vitro activity of drugs currently used in the treatment of diarrhea against 595 enteropathogens from worldwide sources was compared with that of six newly developed antibiotics, ciprofloxacin; norfloxacin; ofloxacin; aztreonam; HR810, an expanded-spectrum cephalosporin; and RU28965, a new macrolide. In contrast with ampicillin and chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole showed an excellent activity against all of the enteropathogens tested, except Campylobacter species. Ciprofloxacin had the highest activity, with an overall 90% MIC of less than or equal to 0.097 micrograms/ml, except for Campylobacter species (0.39 micrograms/ml). Unlike other cephalosporins, HR810 showed a satisfactory activity against Campylobacter species (90% MIC of 3.12 micrograms/ml). RU28965 was three times less active than erythromycin against Campylobacter species. PMID- 3158277 TI - Norfloxacin versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the therapy of uncomplicated, community-acquired urinary tract infections. AB - In a prospective, randomized trial, norfloxacin (400 mg perorally, twice a day) was compared with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (160-800 mg perorally, twice a day) in 45 patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Escherichia coli was the most common isolate. Infections due to Enterobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas spp., and Staphylococcus spp. were also treated. Norfloxacin was equivalent in effectiveness and safety to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, with a cure rate of 91% at the 5- to 9-day posttherapy visit and 88% at the 4- to 6-week posttherapy visit. It was well tolerated and had a low incidence of side effects. PMID- 3158279 TI - Changes of counseling practices at the birth of a child with Down syndrome. AB - In our investigations of counseling practices at the birth of a child with Down syndrome, we observed significant changes during the past decades. The term Down syndrome is now more often used than in previous years, when the term mongolism was commonly employed. Today both parents are often present during the initial counseling session, and pediatricians are frequently involved in communicating the diagnosis to parents. Presently, parents are told of the child's condition earlier than in past decades, and they find the physician's counseling to be more positive and supportive. Today many more physicians advise parents to raise their child in the home, whereas previously institutionalization was commonly recommended. In spite of these positive changes, several parents expressed their dissatisfaction with the physician's approach to counseling at the birth of their child with Down syndrome. Suggestions are provided for appropriate counseling. PMID- 3158278 TI - Comparative activity of ciprofloxacin against anaerobic bacteria. AB - The in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin was assessed against 362 strains of anaerobic bacteria and compared with that of cefoxitin, clindamycin, metronidazole, and mezlocillin. Only 31% of the strains tested were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. The other agents were active against most of the strains tested. PMID- 3158281 TI - Protective effect of divalent cations in the plasmin degradation of fibrinogen. AB - Calcium limits the plasmic proteolysis of fibrinogen fragment D by binding to a specific site on the carboxy-terminal segment of the D gamma chain. Employing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to visualize plasmic fragments, Sr2+, Ba2+, and Mn2+ were found to have an equivalent capacity to limit the degradation of fibrinogen fragment D (Mr 94,000). Mg2+, Fe2+, Co2+, and Zn2+ did not comparably limit the digestion of fragment D. Equilibrium dialysis demonstrated that Ba2+ competitively inhibited Ca2+ binding to fibrinogen, suggesting that the ions occupied the Ca2+ binding site of fibrinogen and thereby limited the plasmic digestion of fragment D. The results suggest that Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, and Mn2+ limit plasmin digestion of fragment D by interacting with a Ca2+ binding site in the D domain of the fibrinogen molecule. PMID- 3158280 TI - Mechanism of reactions catalyzed by selenocysteine beta-lyase. AB - The reaction mechanism of selenocystine beta-lyase has been studied and it was found that elemental selenium is released enzymatically from selenocysteine, and reduced to H2Se nonenzymatically with dithiothreitol or some other reductants that are added to prepare selenocysteine from selenocystine in the anaerobic reaction system. 1H and 13C NMR spectra of L-alanine formed in 2H2O have shown that an equimolar amount of [beta-2H1]- and [beta-2H2]alanines are produced. The deuterium isotope effect at the alpha position was observed; kH/kD = 2.4. These results indicated that the alpha hydrogen of selenocysteine was removed by a base at the active site, and was incorporated into the alpha position of alanine, a product, without exchange of a solvent deuterium. When the enzyme was incubated with L-selenocysteine in the absence of added pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the activity decreased with prolonged incubation time. However, the activity was recovered by addition of 5'-phosphate. The spectrophotometric study showed that the inactivated enzyme was the apo form. The apoenzyme was activated by a combination of pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate and various alpha-keto acids such as alpha-ketoglutarate and pyruvate. Thus, the enzyme is inactivated through transamination between selenocysteine and the bound pyridoxal 5'-phosphate to produce pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate and a keto acid derived from selenocysteine. The pyridoxal enzyme, an active form, is regenerated by addition of alpha-keto acids. This regulatory mechanism is analogous to those of aspartate beta decarboxylase [EC 4.1.1.12], arginine racemase [EC 5.1.1.9], and kynureninase [EC 3.7.1.3] [K. Soda and K. Tanizawa (1979) Adv. Enzymol. 49, 1]. PMID- 3158282 TI - [Clinical phase II study of TK-117 by Cooperative Study Group. Effects on gastric cancer]. AB - A clinical phase II study of TK-117, one of the derivatives of FUDR, was performed in 18 patients with gastric cancer by our Cooperative Study Group of Cancer Chemotherapy. Fourteen cases were evaluable and 3 of these showed partial response, giving a response rate of 21.4%. Toxic manifestations were experienced in fifteen of 18 cases (83.3%). Gastrointestinal toxicity was major and severe, especially diarrhea, which impeded the continuation of administration. This study revealed the usefulness of TK-117 for gastric cancer, but also the necessity of overcoming its toxicity, especially gastrointestinal complications. PMID- 3158283 TI - Acne secondary to white petrolatum use. PMID- 3158284 TI - Minocycline-related hyperpigmentation. PMID- 3158285 TI - Hyperpigmentation of the skin associated with minocycline therapy. AB - Skin biopsy specimens and discolored fingernails from minocycline-treated patients were examined by light and electron microscopy, histochemistry, and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis. Both hyperpigmented and adjacent normally pigmented skin samples contained pigment-laden macrophages in the dermis, although these cells were more numerous in the hyperpigmented skin samples. Elemental analysis showed that both pigment deposits and stratum corneum of hyperpigmented skin samples contained iron and calcium. Discolored areas of fingernails from a minocycline-treated patient also contained iron and calcium. Both skin and nail discoloration were possibly due to the presence of an iron chelate of minocycline and/or quinoid derivatives of minocycline. The presence of iron-containing pigment in normal as well as hyperpigmented skin may have predisposed to formation of minocycline-associated pigment in these patients. PMID- 3158286 TI - Titanium pigmentation. An electron probe microanalysis study. AB - A patient had an unusual pigmentary disease induced by titanium dioxide. The use of a topical cream containing titanium dioxide caused a xanthomalike appearance on the patient's penis. Electron probe microanalysis was valuable in establishing the cause of this balanitis. PMID- 3158287 TI - Acne fulminans with osteolytic lesions. AB - Multifocal lytic bone lesions were found in a patient with a severe form of acne. The clinical presentation was suggestive of "acne fulminans." Propionibacterium acnes was isolated from a subculture of bone tissue. The association of acne fulminans and osteolytic lesions is rare and the pathophysiology is unknown. However, the use of corticosteroids for systemic effect combined with local measures seems to give excellent treatment results. PMID- 3158288 TI - Penicillamine-induced pemphigus foliaceus-like dermatosis. A case with unusual features, successfully treated by plasmapheresis. AB - A case of a severe, widespread bullous dermatosis clinically resembling pemphigus foliaceus occurred during treatment with penicillamine hydrochloride in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Histologically, the disease showed changes compatible with pemphigus vulgaris as well as with a bullous drug eruption. Treatment by plasmapheresis proved to be effective in controlling the disease. PMID- 3158289 TI - Coexistence of pemphigus foliaceus and mycosis fungoides. AB - Mycosis fungoides was documented in a patient two years after pemphigus foliaceus had been diagnosed and treated with corticosteroids. Eight years later, the patient was found to have stage IV lymphomatous disease with generalized erythroderma and palpable, histologically positive lymph nodes. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of a specimen of erythroderma revealed mycosis fungoides, while direct immunofluorescence of this tissue revealed intercellular IgG deposits diagnostic of pemphigus foliaceus. PMID- 3158290 TI - Alcohol-related acute atrial fibrillation. A case-control study and review of 40 patients. AB - Heavy alcohol use has been suspected to cause acute atrial fibrillation, but an association between these two common problems has never been demonstrated. We retrospectively reviewed 64 cases with idiopathic acute atrial fibrillation and 64 age- and sex-matched controls, randomly selected from among general medical admissions. Sixty-two percent of cases and 33% of controls had documentation as heavy users of alcohol. Furthermore, patients with alcohol-related atrial fibrillation were significantly more likely to manifest alcohol withdrawal syndrome than were other inpatients with heavy alcohol use. Patients with alcohol related acute atrial fibrillation were not different from other patients with acute atrial fibrillation with respect to clinical evidence of congestive heart failure, electrocardiographic abnormalities, cardiomegaly, electrolyte disturbance, or response to therapy. Heavy alcohol use is an important potential etiology for acute atrial fibrillation; alcohol withdrawal may represent a particular risk for such alcohol-related atrial fibrillation. PMID- 3158292 TI - Thrombocytopenia of sepsis. The role of circulating IgG-containing immune complexes. AB - Platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG), circulating IgG-containing immune complexes (ICs), plasma beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG), and platelet factor 4 (PF-4) levels were assayed in 33 consecutive patients with culture-proved bacteremia. Thrombocytopenia occurred in 18%, and no correlation was seen between platelet count and PAIgG, beta-TG, or PF-4. In contrast, when patients were assigned to groups on the basis of rising or stable counts vs falling counts, a significant increase in the frequency of elevated PAIgG was seen in those with falling platelet counts. Elevated ICs did not correlate with PAIgG, platelet count, beta TG, or PF-4. The results of this study of patients with uncomplicated bacteremia, although clearly demonstrating intravascular platelet activation and suggesting a pathologic role for elevated PAIgG, do not support the hypothesis that platelet bound serum ICs are responsible for either phenomenon. PMID- 3158291 TI - Evolution of acute hepatitis B in homosexual men to chronic hepatitis B. Prospective study of placebo recipients in a hepatitis B vaccine trial. AB - To determine whether the frequency of chronic hepatitis B in homosexual men reflects the high rate of acute hepatitis B or an altered response to hepatitis B, 236 homosexual men were prospectively followed up after entry into the placebo group of a hepatitis B vaccine trial. Sixty-six participants (28.0%) developed hepatitis B ten to 18 months after entering the study. Only four (6.1%) of the 66 had persistence of hepatitis B beyond six months, similar to reports in nonhomosexual subjects. This study suggests that the high rate of acute hepatitis B is the major factor contributing to the high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B in homosexual men, rather than an altered host response. Clinical features of the acute illness could not be used to identify patients who developed chronic hepatitis B. PMID- 3158293 TI - Coronary artery spasm immediately after percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization. AB - A 55-year-old man developed acute inferior myocardial infarction. A coronary arteriogram performed within two hours later showed complete occlusion of the right coronary artery, which was not resolved by two doses of 300 micrograms of intracoronary nitroglycerin. It was recanalized with 50% luminal diameter narrowing after 600,000 units of urokinase. Immediately after this thrombolytic therapy, the patient experienced chest pain, and the coronary artery became completely obstructed again. The pain was promptly relieved by 300 micrograms of intracoronary nitroglycerin, with disappearance of the obstruction. The observations during the procedure indicate that coronary artery spasm can occur after successful thrombolytic therapy on an occluded artery, inducing postinfarction angina, and might culminate in a second complete occlusion after percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization. PMID- 3158294 TI - [Immune regulation by histamine receptor positive cells]. PMID- 3158295 TI - [Age and changes in human brain capillaries (histochemical study)]. AB - The vascular-capillary bed in the field 17 of the human brain cortex (from fetuses up to 86 years of age) has been studied by means of some histochemical methods to reveal alcaline phosphatase and Mg-ATPase. As demonstrate quantitative methods, active processes of the capillary bed formation in the cerebral cortex take place before 8-16 years of age. Towards the old age, the amount of the vessels with a high and moderate enzymatic activity decreases, but those with a low enzymatic activity increases. The average parameters of the optic density of the reaction product decreases respectively in the capillary wall, so does the intensity of metabolic processes, while the value of the working surface increases up to 75 years of age. PMID- 3158296 TI - Hypotensive effect of plasma exchange in immune complex nephritis. AB - The effect of plasma exchange (PE) on blood pressure (BP) in 20 hypertensive patients (9 with mixed cryoglobulinemia, 7 with systemic lupus erythematosus, and 4 with idiopathic glomerulonephritis) was evaluated retrospectively. In each PE 1.5-2.5 L of plasma was replaced with an equal volume of 4% albumin polysaline solution. The frequency of PE was three times per week for the first 2 weeks and twice per week subsequently. Sixteen patients were on hypotensive treatment at the onset of PE. Their systolic/diastolic BP was 171 +/- 4.7/102 +/- 3.0 mm Hg (mean +/- 1 SEM). After 4 weeks, BP decreased to 141 +/- 2.8/89 +/- 2.3 mm Hg (p less than 0.001), although in 10 patients antihypertensive drug therapy had been reduced or discontinued. The most marked decrease of BP occurred after the first week (152 +/- 5.3/92 +/- 2.9 mm Hg), and this decrement correlated remarkably well with pressure levels before PE despite the great heterogeneity of the individual patients (for diastolic BP, r = 0.87, p less than 0.001; for systolic BP, r = 0.60, p less than 0.01). A mild decrease of serum creatinine was observed during PE, but its time course was different from that of BP, and did not correlate with this parameter. PMID- 3158297 TI - Relationship of plasma lipoprotein Lp(a) levels to race and to apolipoprotein B. AB - Lipoprotein Lp(a) is an atherogenic subfraction of plasma lipoproteins which has been studied predominantly in white populations. We quantified Lp(a) by electroimmunoassay in plasma from 105 black and 134 white healthy men and women. Results were correlated with clinical variables and plasma levels of lipids, other lipoproteins, and apolipoprotein (apo) B determined by radioimmunoassay. Black subjects had levels of Lp(a) that averaged twice those of whites (p less than 0.001). Among blacks, Lp(a) levels showed a bell-shaped frequency distribution, while among whites the distribution was strongly skewed, with the highest frequencies at low levels. Contrary to previously published results, the apo B levels in our study correlated significantly, though weakly, with Lp(a) (r = 0.21, p = 0.001 among whites, and r = 0.15, p = 0.02 among blacks, Kendall rank correlation). The regression slopes and variances suggested that apo B in the Lp(a) lipoprotein could account for the correlation. Lp(a) levels did not correlate significantly with any other plasma lipoprotein or lipid levels. The implications of this study are as follows: Despite the high levels of Lp(a) among blacks in the Houston area, these blacks do not experience greatly increased atherosclerotic progression and mortality. Thus, the atherogenicity of Lp(a) in blacks must be decreased or counterbalanced by other factors. The correlation between Lp(a) and apo B should be taken into account when analyzing atherogenic risk, but this correlation is not strong enough to dispute the independence of Lp(a) and apo B as risk factors. PMID- 3158298 TI - Rejection by pigs of mouldy grain containing deoxynivalenol. AB - Weaner pigs on a farm near Beaudesert in south eastern Queensland refused to eat feed comprised largely of wheat and barley. Older pigs consumed small amounts and some prepubertal gilts subsequently displayed enlarged and reddened vulvas. Wheat, barley and triticale were grown on the farm during 1983, which was unusually and persistently wet. The wheat and triticale were harvested and stored for about 3 weeks with moisture contents above 14% before being fed. Samples of the wheat and triticale contained pale pink grains, which can indicate infection by the fungus Fusarium graminearum Schw. On analysis 2 mycotoxins known to be produced by F. graminearum were detected, deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) which causes feed refusal and vomiting, and zearalenone which causes oestrogenic effects. Concentrations of deoxynivalenol in the wheat, triticale and barley were 34, 10, and less than 0.1 mg/kg respectively. Concentrations of zearalenone were 6.2, 2.8 and 0.1 mg/kg respectively. Subsequently, F. graminearum was isolated from grains and crop residues. Although the wet weather contributed to F. graminearum infection of the crops before harvest, most of the toxins probably developed during storage. PMID- 3158300 TI - Response of the rat brain beta-endorphin system to novelty: importance of the fornix connection. AB - In control rats, a step-down inhibitory avoidance training trial using a 0.8 mA footshock, or simple exposure to the training apparatus without footshock, was followed by a decrease of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity measured in the hypothalamus and ventral thalamus. The effect of inhibitory avoidance training was also measured in rats submitted to a brain sham operation, to bilateral transection of the dorsal fornix, to anterior or to posterior hypothalamic deafferentation, to adrenal medullectomy, to an adrenal sham operation, to 16 daily ip injections of 0.2 mg/kg dexamethasone, or to 16 daily ip injections of 1 ml/kg saline. The diencephalic beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity response to training was abolished by fornix transection and was unaffected by all other treatments. This suggests that the response is not mediated by anterior or posterior neural afferents to the hypothalamus, or by a hypersecretion of epinephrine by the adrenal medullae, or of ACTH by the pituitary gland. The response, instead, appears to require the integrity of the pathway that sends projections from the septo-hippocampal system to the hypothalamus. Previous evidence had suggested that the diencephalic beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity response to training is a result of novelty, and the septo-hippocampal system has been postulated to play a role in the registration of novelty. PMID- 3158299 TI - Selective increase in phosphorylation of a 47-kDa protein (F1) directly related to long-term potentiation. AB - Five minutes after the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the intact hippocampal formation of chloralose/urethane-anesthetized rats there was a selective increase in the in vitro phosphorylation state of a 47-kDa band (designated Protein F1). When low frequency, nonpotentiating stimulation was used, no change in Protein F1 was observed. LTP had no significant effect on other phosphoproteins measured at the 5-min time point. In vitro phosphorylation of Protein F1 5 min after LTP was directly related to the change in synaptic efficiency (r = +0.86, p less than .01). The calcium-dependent, synaptically localized Protein F1 may be the same as the brain-specific Protein B-50. The regulation of the plastic LTP response may involve the novel multifunctional phospholipid-dependent enzyme, Protein Kinase C, which has been shown to phosphorylate B50. PMID- 3158303 TI - Viewing the complexities of mutagenesis from an evolutionary perspective. PMID- 3158301 TI - Effects of altered nucleotide concentrations on the fidelity of DNA replication. PMID- 3158302 TI - Deoxyribonucleoside-induced selective modulation of cytotoxicity and mutagenesis. AB - Treatment of Chinese hamster V79 cells with dThd, dCyd, or dThd plus dCyd increased MNNG-induced AGr-, TGr-, and Ouar-mutant frequencies but did not significantly increase background mutant frequencies. All the AGr colonies that were isolated possessed phenotypes characteristic of HGPRT-deficient mutants, and the deoxyribonucleosides did not selectively affect the growth of the mutants, nor the selecting efficiency of AG, and did not significantly enhance background mutagenesis. These data show that both dThd and dCyd facilitated MNNG-induced mutagenesis. This facilitation was maximal when cells were exposed to the deoxyribonucleosides throughout the first doubling time (24 h) after treatment with MNNG and for 4 more doubling times prior to mutant selection with AG. This indicates that one round of DNA replication was sufficient for mispairing of methylated bases in the DNA with the C and T provided by the deoxyribonucleosides, and that 4-6 doublings prior to mutant selection with AG were necessary to deplete pre-existing hypoxanthine: guanine phosphoribosyl transferase in newly mutated cells. The dCyd facilitated mutagenesis by FdUrd, which was not mutagenic without dCyd, indicating that increased dCTP:dTTP ratios were mutagenic. Treatment with FdUrd plus dCyd also induced FdUrdr cells, suggesting that inhibition of dCyd utilization may prevent the development of FdUrd-resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Although dCyd and dThd facilitated mutagenesis in cells treated with monofunctional alkylating agents that methylate DNA oxygens, facilitation of mutagenesis did not occur in cells treated with BCNU, which cross links DNA, nor with benzo(a)pyrene and aflatoxin B1, which are frame shift mutagens, nor with MMS, which produces barely detectable levels of O methylation in DNA. Virtually non toxic concentrations of dThd potentiated the cytotoxicity of MNNG more than 10-fold but that of MMS was potentiated only about 2-fold showing that O-alkylation of DNA was associated not only with the facilitation of mutagenesis but also with the potentiation of cytotoxicity. The potentiation of MNNG-induced cytotoxicity was maximal in V79 and L1210 cells after only 2 h treatment with dThd, showing that not even one round of DNA replication was necessary for this potentiation. Moreover, dCyd abolished the potentiation, and, at equitoxic concentrations, MNNG induced higher mutant frequencies than did MMS. These data show that the mechanisms by which methylating agents plus dThd induce mutagenesis are fundamentally different from their mechanisms of cytotoxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3158305 TI - Oncogenic transformation of C3H/10T1/2 Cl 8 mouse embryo fibroblasts by inhibitors of nucleotide metabolism. AB - Morphological or oncogenic transformation of mouse embryo, C3H/10T1/2 Cl 8 fibroblasts was induced by methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine. It is known that these compounds cause inhibition of thymidylate synthetase and, hence, depletion of deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) and an increased ratio of deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) to dTTP in the deoxyribonucleotide pools that are used for DNA synthesis in mammalian cells. This ratio is, in effect, increased by treating mammalian cells with arabinosyl cytosine and 5-azacytidine, which are converted into analogs of dCTP in mammalian cells and also induce oncogenic transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells. By contrast, trifluorothymidine, 5 bromodeoxyuridine and 5-iododeoxyuridine, which are analogs of thymidine that in effect reduce the dCTP:dTTP ratio, did not induce oncogenic transformation. Moreover, thymidine was selectively lethal to tumorigenic C3H/10T1/2 cells and inhibited oncogenic transformation in cells treated with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine. These observations suggest that treatments that effectively increase the dCTP:dTTP ratio in mammalian cells facilitate oncogenic transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells, whereas treatments that have the effect of decreasing this ratio inhibit transformation. However, dCyd did not induce oncogenic transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells, although it has been shown to increase the dCTP:dTTP ratio in mammalian cells. Thus, increasing this ratio may not be sufficient to cause the transformation. PMID- 3158306 TI - [New decisions in the distribution of motorized vehicles for the handicapped (supplement to announcement of October 1979)]. PMID- 3158304 TI - Mutagenicity of 2-aminopurine, 6-N-hydroxylaminopurine, and 2-amino-N6 hydroxyadenine in Neurospora crassa. AB - These data from our experiments with 3 purine analogs reveal striking differences in mutagenic potency. It seems highly likely that these analogs substitute readily for adenine and that they cause mutations in the main part, and in the case of AHA perhaps predominantly, by mispairing with cytosine. The most potent mutagens are those with the hydroxylamino group at the C6 position (AHA and HAP). Of these, the most potent is the analog with an amino group in the C2 position (AHA). The most interesting aspect of the present studies is their implications for other eukaryotic organisms. We have determined that AHA, which was shown to be a potent mutagen in bacteria [11], is an extremely potent mutagen in a eukaryotic organism. AHA is active at relatively low concentrations, and it gives rise to point mutations that appear to arise predominantly by AT----GC base-pair transitions. AHA should be an extremely useful genetic probe for studies on higher eukaryotic organisms. Its potency and specificity make it an unusual mutagen that can be expected to produce specific-locus mutants at high frequency with the genetic damage confined to the boundaries of the gene. These characteristics should make it useful not only for studies of specific-locus mutations and sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila but also for specific-locus studies in mammalian cells in culture and in the whole animal. In these latter systems, it is extremely time consuming and sometimes impossible to distinguish between point mutations and multilocus deletions. The use of AHA as a mutagen in these systems should provide a useful new approach to genetic fine structure analysis. PMID- 3158307 TI - Electrophoretic and heat-stability polymorphism at the phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) locus in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Genetic polymorphism for electrophoretic and heart-sensitive alleles is known at the phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Analysis of the distribution of electrophoretic and thermosensitive (ts) alleles was carried out in natural populations from Canada and West Africa and compared with already known data on Italian populations [Trippa, G., Loverre, A., and Catamo, A. (1976). Nature 260:42]. The data show the existence of five common alleles, Pgm1.00,tr, Pmg1.00,ts, Pgm0.70,ts, Pgm1.20,ts, and Pgm1.50,tr, and two rare alleles, Pgm0.55,ts and Pgm1.20,tr. The most frequent allele is always Pgm1.00,tr; the second most common allele is always of the ts type. The cumulated frequencies of ts alleles in the populations varies between 11 and 32%. The heat stability polymorphism is present in all populations examined and shows again the uniform geographic pattern that has been found for electrophoretic variation at this locus. PMID- 3158308 TI - Effects of environmental temperatures on alcohol dehydrogenase activity levels in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 3158309 TI - Purification and regulatory properties of phosphofructokinase from Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei brucei. AB - Phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) from Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei brucei was purified to homogeneity by using a three-step procedure that may be performed within 1 day. Proteolysis, which removes a fragment of Mr approx. 2000, may occur during the purification, but this can be prevented by including antipain, an inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, in the buffers during the purification. The subunits of the enzyme appear to be identical in size, with an Mr of 49 000. The Mr of the native enzyme was estimated to be approx. 220 000, suggesting a tetrameric structure. Kinetic studies showed the activity to depend hyperbolically on the concentration of ATP but sigmoidally on the concentration of fructose 6-phosphate. Although cyclic AMP, AMP and ADP stimulated the enzyme activity at low concentrations of fructose 6-phosphate, the last two nucleotides were inhibitory at high concentrations of this substrate. Phosphoenolpyruvate behaved as an allosteric inhibitor of the phosphofructokinase. Citrate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and Pi did not influence significantly the activity of the enzyme. PMID- 3158310 TI - Phosphorylation of high mobility group 1 protein by phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+ dependent protein kinase from pig testis. AB - Phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase was partially purified from total particulate fraction of pig testis. The enzyme phosphorylated high mobility group 1 protein (HMG 1), one of the major chromatin-associated non-histone proteins. Other HMG proteins (HMG 2, 14 and 17) were not phosphorylated by the enzyme. Exhaustive phosphorylation of HMG 1 revealed that 1 mol of phosphate was incorporated/mol of HMG 1. The apparent Km value for HMG 1 was 3.66 microM. 1,3 Diolein stimulated the phosphorylation at 10 microM-Ca2+ in the presence of phosphatidylserine. The phosphorylation of HMG 1 was inhibited by adriamycin, an inhibitor of spermatogenesis. PMID- 3158312 TI - Effects of islet transplantation on the recipient endocrine pancreas. AB - Streptozotocin diabetic rats were treated with a syngeneic splenic islet transplantation. 17 weeks later the insulin content and the beta-cell mass were investigated in the host pancreas and compared with untreated diabetic or normal rats. The diabetic animals retained 8% of beta-cells, and 2.5% of insulin content as compared with normal controls. Successfully grafted rats are characterized by an increase of beta-cell volume (420%) and insulin content (2350%) in comparison to untreated diabetic rats. However, a detailed individual analysis revealed a marked differentiation between the animals investigated, the cause of which remains to be clarified. PMID- 3158313 TI - Protein kinase C translocates from cytosol to membrane upon hormone activation: effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in GH3 cells. AB - The subcellular distribution of protein kinase C (PK C) was examined in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)--responsive GH3 pituitary cells. TRH treatment, which is known to stimulate polyphosphoinositide turnover and diacylglycerol generation, resulted in a rapid (less than or equal to 15 sec) and transient redistribution of the enzyme from cytosol to membrane fraction. Other agents which either stimulate PK C directly (1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol and 12 O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate) or elevate cellular diglyceride levels (phospholipase C) also promoted a redistribution of the enzyme from cytosol to membrane. These results provide evidence for the concept that cell-surface receptor-mediated phosphoinositide breakdown activates PK C. It appears that translocation of PK C to the membrane is an early step in the cellular activation of this enzyme. PMID- 3158311 TI - A distinct terminal structure in newly synthesized chondroitin sulphate chains. AB - A method was developed for the analysis of non-reducing terminal structure of radiolabelled chondroitin sulphate chains with the aid of N-acetylgalactosamine 4 sulphatase ('terminal 4-sulphatase'), N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphatase ('terminal 6-sulphatase'), beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase. Studies with this method on the non-reducing terminal structure of [35S]sulphate- and [3H]glucose-labelled chondroitin sulphate chains from rat and chick-embryo cartilages showed that the presence of a high proportion of 4-sulphated hexosamine residues is a common feature of the termini of newly synthesized chondroitin sulphate chains. Of the non-reducing terminal 4-sulphated hexosamine residues, about 14% (chick embryo) or 46% (rat) contained an additional sulphate group at position 6. The internal portion of the chondroitin sulphate chains, in contrast, contained little or no 4,6-bis-sulphated hexosamine residue, suggesting that 4,6-bis-sulphated structure may play a role in biosynthetic control at the level of chain termination. PMID- 3158314 TI - Phorbolesters enhance basal D-glucose transport but inhibit insulin stimulation of D-glucose transport and insulin binding in isolated rat adipocytes. AB - The C-kinase activating phorbolester TPA (12-O-Tetradecanoyl-beta-phorbol-13 acetate) and PdBu (4-beta-Phorbol-12,13,dibutyrate) stimulated D-glucose transport twofold in isolated rat adipocytes but inhibited high affinity insulin binding and the responsiveness of D-glucose transport to insulin stimulation by about 30%. Phorbolesters have therefore insulin-like effects but antagonize insulin on receptor and postreceptor level. PMID- 3158316 TI - Induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity by 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol in isolated mouse epidermal cells. AB - 1-Oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol induced a rise in ornithine decarboxylase activity in isolated epidermal cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The time course of the induction of ornithine decarboxylase by 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol was similar to that by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. A23187 did not enhance the enzyme induction caused by 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol. Palmitoyl-DL-carnitine prevented the induction of the enzyme either by 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol or 12 O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. These results suggest that the activation of protein kinase C is an initial and essential event in the process of ornithine decarboxylase induction caused by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. PMID- 3158315 TI - Forskolin and 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate mimic thyrotropin-stimulated protein iodination in mouse thyroid. AB - In the present study, the capacity of the diterpene, forskolin, and the phorbol ester, 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), to stimulate protein iodination in freshly dispersed mouse thyroid open follicles was assessed. Although both agents stimulated 125I incorporation into TCA precipitable material, dose response curves (0.1 - 25 microM) showed that maximal concentrations of either agonist alone failed to reproduce the stimulatory effect of a maximal concentration of thyrotropin (TSH; 50 mU/ml). When a maximal concentration of forskolin (20 microM) and TPA (10 microM) were added in combination, the stimulatory effect was additive and mimicked the effect of TSH. TPA had no significant effect on either basal or forskolin-stimulated cyclic-AMP production. We conclude that the regulation of protein iodination by TSH may involve both the adenylate cyclase-cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase system and the diacylglycerol-activated calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C pathway. PMID- 3158317 TI - Investigation of myosin substrate-binding site using phosphorylating analogs of the substrate. AB - Affinity modification of HMM has been performed, using mixed anhydrides of AMP, epsilon AMP, ADP or IMP and sterically hindered aromatic carbonic acids. The affinity labelling site of HMM was demonstrated to be highly specific towards the adenosine fragment of the affinity analog. The number of phosphate groups and the hydrophobicity of the aromatic acid substitutents did not influence the mode of the analogs interaction with HMM. The data obtained confirms our previous suggestion that the nucleotide analogs in question modify the substrate binding site which is other than the active site of the enzyme. PMID- 3158318 TI - Binding characteristics of the dopamine uptake inhibitor [3H]nomifensine to striatal membranes. AB - Binding of the radiolabeled antidepressant [3H]nomifensine to rat and rabbit striatal membranes has been characterized. The specific binding of [3H]nomifensine to striatal membranes was stable, reversible and saturable. Saturation experiments indicated that [3H]nomifensine labeled a single site with an affinity (Kd) of 80 nM and a total number of binding sites (Bmax) of 6.5 pmoles/mg protein both in rat and rabbit striatal membranes. The affinity constants obtained from kinetic analyses and competition experiments were in fairly good agreement with those obtained in saturation experiments. Compounds known to inhibit [3H]dopamine uptake in vitro, such as nomifensine, 4-hydroxy nomifensine, mazindol, amfonelic acid and benztropine, were the most potent competitors of nomifensine binding. Additionally, the absolute potencies of various drugs in competing for [3H]nomifensine binding to rat and rabbit striatal membranes correlated closely with their potencies in inhibiting [3H]dopamine uptake into striatal synaptosomes. Specific [3H]nomifensine binding was dependent on the presence of NaCl which is also consistent with its association with the dopamine uptake pump. The number, but not the affinity, of striatal [3H]nomifensine binding sites was reduced significantly following in vivo lesions with 6-hydroxydopamine. The number of [3H]nomifensine binding sites was found to be highest in areas rich in dopamine nerve terminals such as the striatum and olfactory tubercle. These results suggest that [3H]nomifensine binds to a site on dopaminergic nerve terminals associated with the dopamine uptake pump. PMID- 3158319 TI - Vasodilative effect of nicorandil on coronary artery. AB - Vasodilative effects of nicorandil (2-nicotinamidoethylnitrate) and verapamil were compared using isolated canine coronary arterial strips contracted with either high potassium or prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). When the vasodilative effects of these drugs were determined at 15 min after the application, nicorandil induced a dose-dependent relaxation of the strips contracted with high K. Vasodilative effect of nicorandil was inversely proportional to the concentration of K used to contract the arteries, showing 82 +/- 3.0% (mean +/- SE) and 21 +/- 3.6 of relaxation at the highest concentration of this drug (10(-5) mol/l) when the strips were contracted with 20 and 100 mmol/l K, respectively. Vasodilative effect of nicorandil on PGF2 alpha-induced contraction was found to be almost the same as that on 30 K-induced contraction. In contrast to nicorandil, verapamil induced a potent vasodilation of the coronary strips contracted with high K by a dose-dependent manner. Verapamil at the concentration of 10(-5) mol/l was found to induce a potent relaxation (87 +/- 0.8%) of the strips contracted with 100 K. However, verapamil showed a weak vasodilative effect on the strips contracted with PGF2 alpha (10(-5) mol/l), i.e., 10(-5) mol/l verapamil induced 22 +/- 1.1% relaxation of PGF2 alpha-induced coronary strips. These results suggest that nicorandil can exert its vasodilative effect against the coronary arterial contraction induced not only by high K, which is induced by a voltage dependent Ca influx, but also by PGF2 alpha, which is considered to be through the specific receptor of the membranes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3158322 TI - 'The use of midazolam for intravenous sedation in general dental practice'. PMID- 3158320 TI - Comparative metabolic effects of oral contraceptive preparations containing different progestagens. Effects of desogestrel + ethinylestradiol on the haemostatic balance. AB - In two open randomized studies carried out in female volunteers the effects of a new low dose oral contraceptive (O.C.) combination desogestrel + ethinylestradiol (150 micrograms/30 micrograms; Marvelon) on blood coagulation were compared with those of either the combination levonorgestrel + ethinylestradiol (150 micrograms/30 micrograms) or a triphasic preparation containing levonorgestrel + ethinylestradiol. A total of 78 women were involved in the studies which covered a period of 4 cycles; a pretreatment cycle followed by 3 treatment cycles, each consisting of 21 days of drug administration, followed by a 7-day tablet-free period. A blood sample was taken before treatment, after 2 weeks, 2 cycles and 3 cycles of treatment. The following parameters were measured: prothrombin; activated partial thromboplastin time; factors VII, VIII, X; fibrinogen; antithrombin III; euglobulin lysis time; platelet count and aggregation ratio; triglycerides and cholesterol and a glucose tolerance test was made. The effects of the different preparations on these parameters were compared statistically using either an analysis of covariance or the Wilcoxon test. No clinically significant differences were observed between the desogestrel containing preparation and the two other preparations. Any changes in treatment versus pretreatment values were slight and in agreement with the literature on other O.C.'s. PMID- 3158321 TI - Effects of two progestins with different androgenic properties on hepatic endothelial lipase and high density lipoprotein2. AB - Thirty postmenopausal women were randomly treated with desogestrel (DG) or levonorgestrel (LN) 125 micrograms/day for 3 weeks. Desogestrel reduced the serum total and free (non-protein bound) testosterone concentrations. It caused a small decrease in the sex hormone binding globulin capacity (SHBG) but did not influence the free testosterone index (testosterone/SHBG ratio). Levonorgestrel, on the other hand, did not influence the free testosterone concentration, but caused a significant increase in the free testosterone index. Levonorgestrel reduced the HDL and particularly the HDL2 cholesterol concentrations (mean change from 1.75 to 1.45 mmol/l for HDL and from 0.73 to 0.50 mmol/l for HDL2, P less than 0.001). It also caused a reduction in the VLDL triglyceride (P less than 0.05) but not the total serum triglyceride concentration. Desogestrel did not cause any significant changes in HDL or HDL2 cholesterol concentrations, but it reduced the VLDL triglyceride (P less than 0.01) and total serum (P less than 0.05) triglyceride concentrations. Neither of the two progestins influenced the postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity or the serum cholesterol esterification rate by lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). It is therefore possible that both steroids decreased the hepatic output of triglycerides, which may be clinically important since both progestins are used in combination with ethinylestradiol (EE) which increases the hepatic TG synthesis. The failure of desogestrel to change HDL levels is consistent with earlier data on the lack of effects on HDL by non-androgenic progestins. Levonorgestrel increased the mean activity of postheparin plasma hepatic lipase (HL) from 23.3 to 28.0 mumol X h-1 X ml-1 (P less than 0.05). In contrast, this activity was not influenced by desogestrel. The magnitude of the changes in postheparin plasma HL activity and the free testosterone index (testosterone/SHBG ratio) showed significant positive correlation (+ 0.41, P less than 0.05). On the other hand, the changes in the HDL2 cholesterol and the postheparin plasma HL activity were inversely interrelated (r = 0.52, P less than 0.01). These relationships are consistent with the idea that the effects of different progestins on the HDL cholesterol are mediated by the sex steroid sensitive hepatic endothelial lipase. PMID- 3158323 TI - Dental care for the handicapped--the development of a team project. PMID- 3158324 TI - Percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty. AB - Percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty was performed in 27 patients with congenital pulmonary valve stenosis. A fall in the transvalve gradient of at least 15 mm Hg occurred in 22 patients. In five there was little change in the severity of the stenosis; in three of these the pulmonary valve was dysplastic. None of the successfully treated patients had a dysplastic valve. The two other failures, early in the series, were probably due to inadequate balloon size. In one patient the procedure was performed twice, with a successful result from the second dilatation with a larger balloon. Follow up studies in a further six patients showed no evidence of restenosis in those who had been successfully treated and no late improvement in the remainder. There were no important complications. Percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty should be the initial treatment for congenital pulmonary valve stenosis, although when the valve is dysplastic the result is less likely to be satisfactory. PMID- 3158325 TI - The natriuresis following oral administration of the calcium antagonists- nifedipine and nitrendipine. AB - Ten healthy individuals received in random order placebo, nifedipine 10 mg, nifedipine 20 mg, nitrendipine 10 mg and nitrendipine 20 mg as single oral administrations at weekly intervals. On the day before each treatment placebo was administered. Urine was collected for 6 h and then for 18 h after each administration. There was a significant increase in urine volume and sodium excretion after the drugs, but no change in potassium excretion. The effect was most evident in the 6 h after drug administration. The effect was no greater at the higher doses of either drug. A natriuretic-diuretic action of nifedipine and nitrendipine has been confirmed in man. The mechanism of the effect remains unclear. PMID- 3158327 TI - The effects of a shampoo containing zinc pyrithione on the control of dandruff. AB - Thirty-two subjects who suffered from dandruff participated in a study in which one-half of the head was washed with a shampoo containing 1% zinc pyrithione (ZPT) and the other half was washed with the same shampoo without ZPT. Four groups, eight subjects per group, were shampooed one, three, six or nine times (shampoo frequency twice per week). Clinical dandruff gradings of each half of the head were made 4 days after the last shampoo in each group, when scalp biopsy samples were also taken from each half of the head. Measurements of labelling index (LI), mean epidermal thickness (MET), and assessment of the numbers of PAS- and Gram-positive micro-organisms were made on the biopsy samples. There was a progressive reduction in dandruff on the sides of the head treated with the ZPT shampoo, the differences relative to the placebo-treated areas being statistically significant after three, six and nine washes. There were no significant differences in LI between treatment groups and the MET was shown to vary according to the treatment and the number of washes. There was a significant reduction in the number of PAS-positive micro-organisms (but not Gram-positive micro-organisms) on the ZPT-treated areas. PMID- 3158328 TI - Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis with persistent amenorrhoea. AB - A case of autoimmune progesterone dermatitis is reported. The patient developed a recurrent eruption, primarily on the extremities, after receiving oral progesterone for the treatment of persistent amenorrhoea. Intradermal injection of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone produced a positive skin reaction after 30 min, but no delayed onset reaction was observed. A patch test with progesterone in petrolatum was negative. The lymphocyte transformation test was normal. Histamine release from passively sensitized peripheral blood leukocytes was increased by progesterone preincubated in normal serum as a stimulating antigen. Conjugated oestrogen therapy suppressed the rash. Cyclical eruptions with elevated basal body temperature persisted for more than 20 months without menstruation. PMID- 3158326 TI - Treatment of malignant hypercalcaemia with clodronate. AB - We have assessed the effects of clodronate (dichloromethylene diphosphonate; Cl2MDP 0.8-3.2g daily by mouth for up to 3 months) in 17 episodes of hypercalcaemia and osteolysis due to carcinoma. Clodronate reduced serum calcium in 14 episodes and bone resorption in all patients. These remained suppressed for the duration of treatment, but recurred promptly when treatment was stopped. Clodronate may be a useful measure for controlling hypercalcaemia and osteolysis in patients with carcinoma. PMID- 3158329 TI - Generalized pustular dermatosis caused by isoniazid. PMID- 3158330 TI - Photogrammetry used to assess post-operative facial swelling in a drug trial. AB - A trial was designed to test the efficacy of ibuprofen in controlling post operative pain and swelling following the surgical removal of lower third molar teeth. Because of the rigid criteria imposed on the trial it was not satisfactorily completed but the method of measuring the volume of the swelling by stereometric photogrammetry, which is reproducible, versatile and non invasive, was considered to be worth reporting in context. PMID- 3158331 TI - An unusual mandibular dislocation. PMID- 3158332 TI - Surgical correction of recurrent dislocation of a mandibular condyle in a patient with Huntington's chorea: a case report. AB - A case report is presented describing how eminectomy proved to be successful in treating recurrent mandibular dislocation for a patient suffering from Huntington's Chorea. PMID- 3158333 TI - Diagnosis and management of hereditary angio-oedema. PMID- 3158334 TI - Actinomycosis of the parotid gland. AB - Primary parotid actinomycosis is extremely rare. Two patients are discussed in whom this disease presented quite differently. The literature is reviewed and the management described, with particular reference to antibiotic therapy. PMID- 3158335 TI - Multifocal idiopathic fibrosis presenting as facial pain and trismus. AB - An unusual case of idiopathic sclerosing fibrosis is described in which there was involvement of the face, neck, mediastinum and lungs with sparing of the thyroid and retroperitoneal tissues. In contrast to previous cases, facial pain and limitation of jaw movements were the presenting complaints and major causes of disability. Prednisolone treatment failed to arrest the disease. PMID- 3158336 TI - Orbital cellulitis of dental origin: case report and review of the literature. AB - Orbital cellulitis is a rare condition, which usually develops as a complication of the infection of paranasal sinuses, namely ethmoidal, frontal and occasionally the maxillary sinuses. Maxillary sinusitis could result from dental infection. A case is presented illustrating how dental infection can proceed to maxillary sinusitis and orbital cellulitis. The clinical presentation and treatment are described. Possible complications are discussed. PMID- 3158337 TI - Periorbital soft tissue retractor. AB - A retractor which is useful for soft tissue manipulations in and around the orbit is described. PMID- 3158338 TI - Small plate osteosynthesis of mandibular fractures. AB - Small plate osteosynthesis has been evaluated by comparing 50 successive cases of mandibular fracture treated by this technique alone with 50 successive cases of mandibular fracture treated by intermaxillary fixation. The plates show considerable advantages over other forms of fixation in that they are small, malleable and easy to insert. Furthermore, they achieve a high degree of stability. The rate of recovery of normal jaw function and normal body weight is significantly greater than with intermaxillary fixation. PMID- 3158339 TI - A survey of tumours of the jawbones in Hong Kong Chinese: 1963-1982. AB - A total of 114 tumours of the jawbones was confirmed in a survey of 204,583 surgical specimens in Chinese in the University Department of Pathology, Hong Kong from 1963-1982. Odontogenic tumours totalled 82 of which 62 per cent were ameloblastomas. Thus, odontogenic tumours, in particular ameloblastomas, are relatively common in Chinese. In the 51 cases of ameloblastoma, the mean age at presentation in females was significantly younger than in males. Pathological analysis of the ameloblastomas showed the following: (1) connection of tumour epithelium with oral mucosal epithelium suggests a better prognosis; (2) basaloid pattern in the tumour may prognostically indicate a more aggressive biological behaviour; (3) neoplastic infiltration of the grossly normal bone surrounding the tumour mass was frequent; (4) ameloblastomas not uncommonly contained cysts lined by innocuous-looking epithelium; (5) a significant proportion of ameloblastomas appeared grossly as thin-walled unilocular cysts. The implications of these findings in the diagnosis and treatment of ameloblastoma are emphasized. PMID- 3158340 TI - Transient-state kinetics of the ADP-insensitive phosphoenzyme in sarcoplasmic reticulum: implications for transient-state calcium translocation. AB - The kinetics of formation of the ADP-sensitive (EP) and ADP-insensitive (E*P) phosphoenzyme intermediates of the CaATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) were investigated by means of the quenched-flow technique. At 21 degrees C, addition of saturating ADP to SR vesicles phosphorylated for 116 ms with 10 microM ATP gave a triphasic pattern of dephosphorylation in which EP and E*P accounted for 33% and 60% of the total phosphoenzyme, respectively. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) release was less than stoichiometric with respect to E*P decay and was not increased by preincubation with Ca2+ ionophore. The fraction of E*P present after only 6 ms of phosphoenzyme formation was similar to that at 116 ms, indicating that isomerization of EP to E*P occurs very rapidly. Comparison of the time course of E*P formation with intravesicular Ca2+ accumulation measured by quenching with ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid + ADP revealed that Ca2+ release on the inside of the vesicle was delayed with respect to E*P formation. Since Ca2+ should dissociate rapidly dissociation from the low-affinity transport sites, these results suggest that Ca2+ remains "occluded" after phosphoenzyme isomerization and that a subsequent slow transition controls the rate of Ca2+ release at the intravesicular membrane surface. Analysis of the forward and reverse rate constants for the EP to E*P transition gave an expected steady-state distribution of phosphoenzymes strongly favoring the ADP-insensitive form. In contrast, the observed ratio of EP to E*P was about 1:2. To account for this discrepancy, a mechanism is proposed in which stabilization of the ADP-sensitive phosphoenzyme is brought about by a conformational interaction between adjacent subunits in a dimer. PMID- 3158341 TI - Interaction of magnesium and inorganic phosphate with calcium-deprived sarcoplasmic reticulum adenosinetriphosphatase as reflected by organic solvent induced perturbation. AB - The mechanism of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ATPase Mg2+-dependent phosphorylation from Pi was investigated in the presence of 15% v/v dimethyl sulfoxide at pH 6, 20 degrees C, and in the absence of potassium. Measurements of intrinsic fluorescence changes and of 32P-labeled phosphoprotein (*E-P) were in agreement, both at equilibrium and in transient situations. We found that the amount of phosphoenzyme present and its rate of formation depended solely on the concentration of the (Mg X Pi) complex. Up to 6 nmol of phosphate/mg of protein was covalently bound to the enzyme, implying almost complete phosphorylation. Oxygen exchange experiments were also performed in order to allow calculation of the absolute rate constant of *E-P hydrolysis to the noncovalent complex (0.8-1.0 s-1), which differs from the observed rate of enzyme dephosphorylation (0.3-0.5 s 1); in addition, they allowed calculation of the bimolecular rate constant of substrate binding (2-2.4 M-1 s-1). The results demonstrate that in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide, phosphorylation occurs by the following simple mechanism: relatively slow binding of the neutral substrate (Mg X Pi), with poor affinity, followed by a thermodynamically favorable formation of the covalent bond between phosphate and the possibly hydrophobic active site. The interaction between magnesium and calcium-deprived SR vesicles was studied in the presence of 0-20% v/v dimethyl sulfoxide (or 0-30% v/v glycerol) at pH 7 and 20 degrees C. The presence of either solvent led to the disappearance of the two typical pH dependent effects we previously characterized for magnesium: loss of the Mg2+ induced spectral shift of tryptophan fluorescence emission and loss of the biphasic pattern displayed by the intrinsic fluorescence rise after addition of calcium to Ca2+-deprived Mg2+-preincubated vesicles. In the absence of solvent, the interaction of magnesium with the calcium-deprived ATPase was also characterized from the point of view of phosphoenzyme formation from ATP or Pi at pH 7 in the absence of potassium: we found that calcium-independent phosphorylation was slower when phosphate was added to SR vesicles preincubated with magnesium that when magnesium was added to vesicles preincubated with phosphate, suggesting that preincubation with magnesium had depleted the phosphate-reactive conformation of the ATPase. A simple reaction scheme for phosphoenzyme formation is described: it implies that the (Mg X Pi) complex is a substrate for this reaction, whereas the Mg2+ itself acts as a pH-dependent, dimethyl sulfoxide sensitive inhibitor of full enzyme phosphorylation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3158343 TI - Molecular basis for the transfer of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide among dehydrogenases. AB - NADH is transferred directly from one dehydrogenase enzyme site to another without intervention of the aqueous solvent whenever the two dehydrogenases are of opposite chiral specificity as regards the C4 H of NADH which is transferred in the catalyzed reduction reaction. When both enzymes catalyze the transfer of hydrogen from the same face of the nicotinamide ring, direct enzyme-enzyme transfer of NADH is not possible [Srivastava, D. K., & Bernhard, S. A. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 4538-4545; Srivastava, D. K., & Bernhard, S. A. (1985) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. Utilizing an advanced computer graphics facility, and the known three-dimensional coordinates for three dehydrogenases, we have investigated the feasibility of various aspects of the direct transfer of dinucleotide from the site of one enzyme to the site of the other. The facile passage of the coenzyme through the first enzyme site requires an open protein conformation, characteristic of the apoenzyme rather than the holoenzyme structure. Since two dehydrogenases of the same chirality bind coenzyme in the same conformation, the direct transfer of coenzyme from one site to the other is impossible due to the restriction in molecular rotation of the coenzyme in the path of transfer from one binding site to the other; therefore, coenzyme can only be transferred from one dehydrogenase site to another site via the intermediate dissociation of coenzyme into the aqueous milieu. In contrast, when an A dehydrogenase and a B dehydrogenase are juxtaposed, it is stereochemically feasible to transfer the nicotinamide ring from its specific binding site in one enzyme to the site in the other.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3158342 TI - Mechanism of transfer of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide among dehydrogenases. AB - The pathway for the transfer of NADH from one dehydrogenase (E1) to another dehydrogenase (E2) has been investigated by studying the E2-catalyzed reduction of S2 by NADH. The experimental conditions are that the concentration of E1 exceeds that of NADH, which in turn is very much greater than E2; hence, the concentration of free (aqueous) NADH is exceedingly low. The rate of reduction of S2 will hence be very slow if unliganded aqueous NADH is required for the E2 catalyzed reaction. Our results with eight dehydrogenases are entirely consistent with the direct transfer of NADH between E1 and E2 whenever the two enzymes transfer hydrogen via opposite faces (A and B) of the nicotinamide ring. Whenever the two enzymes are both A or both B, NADH transfer occurs only via the aqueous solvent. Some mechanistic inferences and their possible physiological significance are discussed. PMID- 3158344 TI - Specific dicyclohexylcarbodiimide inhibition of the E-P + H2O equilibrium E + Pi reaction and ATP equilibrium Pi exchange in sarcoplasmic reticulum adenosinetriphosphatase. AB - Treatment of sarcoplasmic reticulum adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) with N,N' dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is known to produce total inhibition of calcium binding and enzyme activity. However, we now find that treatment with lower reagent:protein ratios produces selective inhibition of hydrolytic Pi cleavage, enzyme phosphorylation with Pi, and ATP in equilibrium Pi exchange, while calcium binding and enzyme phosphorylation with ATP remain largely unaffected. This specific inhibition is attributed to derivatization of residues which are normally involved in acid-base-assisted catalysis of the hydrolytic reaction and its reversal, but are not involved in calcium binding or in the mechanism of phosphoryl transfer from ATP to the enzyme. This specific inhibition is prevented by the presence of micromolar calcium during the incubation with the inhibitor, evidently through an allosteric effect of calcium binding on the catalytic site. We also find that the initial adducts formed between ATPase residues and N,N' dicyclo[14C]carbodiimide undergo further degradation with release of radioactive product into the medium, while the protein residues remain inactivated probably by linkage with neighboring residues. Therefore, the stoichiometry of radioactive labeling underestimates the actual number of inactivated residues. PMID- 3158345 TI - Effect of tryptic cleavage on the stability of myosin subfragment 1. Isolation and properties of the severed heavy-chain subunit. AB - The procedure of thermal ion-exchange chromatography has been used to examine the effect of prior tryptic cleavage on the stability of myosin subfragment 1 (SF1). Although it is found that digestion does destabilize the subunit interactions at physiological temperatures, the heavy-chain subunit can be isolated either as an equimolar complex comprised of 50K, 27K, and 21K fragments or as one comprised of 50K, 27K, and 18K peptides. Thus, the interactions within the heavy chain are considerably more stable than those between the two subunits. Both forms of the free severed heavy chain exhibit ATPase properties similar to those of the parent tryptic SF1. The Vmax for the actin-activated MgATPase of the free severed heavy chain is the same as that for both undigested and tryptic SF1 (A2). Since its Km for actin is similar to that of tryptic SF1(A2), it may be concluded that changes in the affinity of SF1 for actin induced by trypsin [Botts, J., Muhlrad, A., Takashi, R., & Morales, M. F. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 6903-6905] are not dependent on the presence of the associated alkali light chain. Furthermore, the communication between the SH1 site and the ATPase site is also shown to be independent of the associated alkali light chain, and it persists despite the cleavages present in the free heavy chain. Studies on the ability of these severed heavy chains to reassociate with free A1 and A2 chains indicate that the binding site is retained in the 21K-severed heavy chain but is lost in the 18K form. PMID- 3158346 TI - Enzyme phosphorylation with inorganic phosphate causes Ca2+ dissociation from sarcoplasmic reticulum adenosinetriphosphatase. AB - Sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase is phosphorylated by ATP in the presence of calcium, with a consequent reduction of the affinity of the binding sites for calcium and dissociation of the divalent cation from the enzyme. ATPase phosphorylation with Pi, on the other hand, requires prior removal of calcium from the enzyme, indicating that the energy requirement for phosphorylation of the enzyme-calcium complex can be met by ATP but not by Pi. We find that when the energy yield of the Pi reaction with the enzyme is increased by the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide to the medium, ATPase phosphorylation with Pi occurs even in the presence of calcium, and the binding sites undergo a reduction in affinity with consequent dissociation of Ca2+ from the enzyme, in analogy to the effect of ATP. It is thereby demonstrated experimentally that an essential step in the coupling of catalytic and transport activities is an interdependence and mutual ligand exclusion of the phosphorylation and calcium sites, in which ATP does not play a direct role. An important difference between the effects of ATP and Pi is that the former produces dissociation of Ca2+ inside the vesicles as the result of advancement of the catalytic cycle in the forward direction, while Pi produces dissociation of calcium into the outer medium as a consequence of equilibration of enzyme states producing a shift in the reverse direction of the enzyme cycle. These observations demonstrate how equilibration of intermediate enzyme states determines extent and direction of overall reaction flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3158347 TI - Interactions between citrate and nucleoside triphosphates in binding to phosphofructokinase. AB - Interrelationships between the binding by rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase of citrate, ATP, GTP, and adenyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) were investigated. To allow measurements at 25 degrees C, pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate were included in the dialysis media to rephosphorylate ADP formed by the weak ATPase action of phosphofructokinase. Binding of citrate was enhanced by GTP nearly as much as by ATP, although GTP does not inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme. The results are consistent with the interpretation that binding of GTP, and, by analogy, ATP, at the catalytic site enhances the binding of citrate. AMP-PNP also enhanced citrate binding. Both ATP and GTP appear to bind at three sites per enzyme subunit, with the apparent third site binding relatively weakly. The estimated dissociation constants for the first two sites, about 33 microM for both for ATP compared with 3 and 280 microM for GTP, are consistent with kinetic results that imply lack of effective competition by GTP for the inhibitory site. When a compound binds at two or more sites on a macromolecule, the position and shape of the binding curve are sensitive to the geometric mean of the binding constants but quite insensitive to the magnitudes of the individual constants; thus, binding affinities cannot be estimated with confidence in such cases. PMID- 3158348 TI - Interactions of pyrene derivatives with lipid bilayers and with (Ca2+-Mg2+) ATPase. AB - The intensities of fluorescence emission for pyrene and a number of its derivatives increase on binding to lipid bilayers and to the (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase purified from rabbit muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. The effect is particularly marked for the less water-soluble derivatives. Changes in intensity for monomer and excimer emission as a function of lipid concentration can be fitted to a simple model to obtain binding parameters. The number of binding sites per lipid is 0.2-0.4. For the ATPase system, at least two classes of sites are necessary to fit the data, one corresponding to the lipid component and one to sites on the ATPase. Excimer emission from the postulated sites on the ATPase is less marked than that from lipid. Pyrene-dodecanoic acid and pyreneundecyltrimethylammonium bromide, which bind to a large number of sites on the ATPase, cause marked inhibition of ATPase activity at high concentration. Pyrene and a number of water soluble derivatives cause stimulation of the ATPase reconstituted with dimyristoleoylphosphatidylcholine and little inhibition and bind to a small number of sites on the ATPase. It is concluded that excimer emission from pyrene derivatives in systems containing proteins cannot be used to obtain reliable information about rates of diffusion in the lipid component of the membrane. PMID- 3158350 TI - Ca2+ transport studied with arsenazo III in Tetrahymena microsomes. Effects of calcium ionophore A23187 and trifluoperazine. AB - Transport of Ca2+ in microsomal membrane vesicles of the Tetrahymena has been investigated using arsenazo III as a Ca2+ indicator. The microsomes previously shown to carry a Mg2+-dependent, Ca2+-stimulated ATPase (Muto, Y. and Nozawa, Y. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 777, 67-74) accumulated calcium upon addition of ATP and Ca2+ sequestered into microsomal vesicles was rapidly discharged by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. Kinetic studies indicated that the apparent Km for free Ca2+ and ATP are 0.4 and 59 microM, respectively. The Vmax was about 40 nmol/mg protein per min at 37 degrees C. The calcium accumulated during ATP-dependent uptake was released after depletion of ATP in the incubation medium. Furthermore, addition of trifluoperazine which inhibited both (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase and ATP dependent Ca2+ uptake rapidly released the calcium accumulated in the microsomal vesicles. These observations suggest that Tetrahymena microsome contains both abilities to take up and to release calcium and may act as a Ca2+-regulating site in this organism. PMID- 3158351 TI - Subcellular fractionation of pig stomach smooth muscle. A study of the distribution of the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity in plasmalemma and endoplasmic reticulum. AB - Isolated membrane vesicles from pig stomach smooth muscle (antral part) were subfractionated by a density gradient procedure modified in order to obtain an efficient extraction of extrinsic proteins. By using this method in combination with digitonin-treatment, an endoplasmic reticulum fraction contaminated with maximally 10 to 20% of plasma membranes was isolated, together with a plasma membrane fraction containing at most 30% endoplasmic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane fractions differed in protein composition, reaction to digitonin, binding of wheat germ agglutinin, activities of marker enzymes and in the characteristics of the Ca2+ uptake. The Ca2+ uptake by the endoplasmic reticulum was much more stimulated by oxalate than the uptake by plasma membranes. Both fractions showed a (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity, but the largest amount of this enzyme was present in the plasma membranes. The study of the phosphorylated intermediates of the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed two phosphoproteins one of 130 kDa and one of 100 kDa (Wuytack, F., Raeymaekers, L., De Schutter, G. and Casteels, R. (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 693, 45-52). The 130 kDa enzyme was predominant in the fraction enriched in plasma membrane whereas the distribution of the 100 kDa polypeptide correlated with the endoplasmic reticulum markers. The 130 kDa ATPase was the main 125I-calmodulin binding protein detected on nitrocellulose blots of proteins separated by gel electrophoresis. The (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity of the plasma membranes was higher than the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity, suggesting that the Ca2+ extrusion from these cells depends much more on the activity of the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase than on Na+-Ca2+ exchange. PMID- 3158349 TI - Proteolysis of smooth muscle myosin by Staphylococcus aureus protease: preparation of heavy meromyosin and subfragment 1 with intact 20 000-dalton light chains. AB - The proteolysis of gizzard myosin by Staphylococcus aureus protease produces both heavy meromyosin and subfragment 1 in which the 20 000-dalton light chains are intact, and conditions are suggested for the preparation of each. Cleavage of the myosin heavy chain to produce subfragment 1 is dependent on the myosin conformation. Proteolysis of myosin in the 10S conformation yields predominantly heavy meromyosin, and myosin in the 6S conformation yields mostly subfragment 1 and some heavy meromyosin. Two sites are influenced by myosin conformation, and these are located at approximately 68 000 and 94 000 daltons from the N-terminus of the myosin heavy chain. The latter site is thought to be located at the subfragment 1-subfragment 2 junction, and cleavage at this site results in the production of subfragment 1. The time courses of phosphorylation of both heavy meromyosin and subfragment 1 can be fit by a single exponential. The actin activated Mg2+-ATPase activity of heavy meromyosin is markedly activated by phosphorylation of the 20 000-dalton light chains. From the actin dependence of Mg2+-ATPase activity the following values are obtained: for phosphorylated heavy meromyosin, Vmax approximately 5.6 s-1 and Ka (the apparent dissociation constant for actin) approximately 2 mg/mL; for dephosphorylated heavy meromyosin, Vmax approximately 0.2 s-1 and Ka approximately 7 mg/mL. The actin-activated ATPase activity of subfragment 1 is not influenced by phosphorylation, and Vmax and Ka for both the phosphorylated and dephosphorylated forms are 0.4 s-1 and 5 mg/mL, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3158352 TI - Target sizes of human erythrocyte membrane Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities in the presence and absence of calmodulin. AB - We have investigated the subunit structure of Ca2+-transport ATPase in human erythrocyte membranes using radiation inactivation analysis. All inactivation data were linear on a semilog plot down to at least 20% of the control activity. We found a target size for the calmodulin-dependent Ca2+-ATPase activity of 331 kDa, consistent with the presence of this enzyme as a dimer in calmodulin depleted ghosts. Membranes which had been saturated with calmodulin before irradiation yield a a similar size of 317 kDa, implying that activation of Ca2+ transport ATPase by calmodulin does not involve significant change in oligomeric structure. Basal (calmodulin-independent) Ca2+-ATPase activity corresponded to a size of 290 kDa, suggesting that this activity resides in the same, or similar sized, complex as the calmodulin-dependent activity. Mg2+-ATPase activity, however, was found to reside in a smaller complex of 224 kDa, which proved to be statistically distinct from the target size of Ca2+-ATPase activity. It would appear that Mg2+-ATPase is a distinct entity whose function is likely unrelated to the Ca2+-transport ATPase. PMID- 3158353 TI - Abscisic acid increases lipid bilayer permeability to cations as studied by phosphorus-31 NMR. AB - Using a 31P-NMR lanthanide shift technique, abscisic acid is shown to enhance the permeability to praeseodymium of lipid bilayers composed of 80 mol% phosphatidylcholine and 20 mol% phosphatidylethanolamine. Praeseodymium permeability is immeasurably slow in the absence of the hormone whether or not phosphatidylethanolamine is present in the bilayers. Only in the presence of abscisic acid is praeseodymium permeability observed, the effect being significantly greater when phosphatidylethanolamine is present. These results substantiate prior reports from nonelectrolyte permeability studies that abscisic acid interacts with phosphatidylethanolamine in lipid bilayers. PMID- 3158354 TI - Mood response to methylphenidate and the Dexamethasone Suppression Test as predictors of treatment response to zimelidine and lithium in major depression. AB - Sixteen patients with a major depressive disorder underwent a Dexamethasone Suppression Test, and 15 of these patients were given intravenous methylphenidate and their mood response recorded. There was no association between the Dexamethasone Suppression Test and mood response to methylphenidate. Neither of these markers predicted clinical antidepressant response with zimelidine, although among zimelidine nonresponders, a clinical improvement upon the addition of lithium was predicted by a positive mood response to methylphenidate. PMID- 3158355 TI - Unilateral ovariectomy restores ovulatory cyclicity in rats with a polycystic ovarian condition. AB - An acyclic polycystic ovarian condition can be induced in adult rats with a single injection of estradiol valerate (EV). The ovaries are small and contain multiple cystic follicles and no new corpora lutea. In the early stages of the condition, both basal plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and LH responses to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) are attenuated. Plasma androgens are indistinguishable from normal controls. The present study examines the effect of unilateral ovariectomy (ULO) on this condition. Removal of one cystic ovary results in almost immediate resumption of vaginal cyclicity that persists for at least 3 wk. At 1 or 3 wk after ULO the remaining ovary contains fresh corpora lutea, appears histologically normal, and is significantly heavier than the cystic ovary removed at ULO, indicative of compensatory hypertrophy. Despite the resumption of apparently normal cyclic function, basal plasma LH concentrations and LH responses to LHRH are not significantly better than those in intact animals with polycystic ovaries. Thus, the previously polycystic ovary is fully capable of normal ovulatory function despite obvious impairments in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. Since ovulatory function resumes on a background of continued poor pituitary responsiveness, the primary defect, which ULO corrects, is probably at the hypothalamic level. Finally, the cystic ovary clearly contributes to the hypothalamic aberration to which it subsequently responds. PMID- 3158356 TI - Development changes occurring in the lipids of ram epididymal spermatozoa plasma membrane. AB - Ram spermatozoa were obtained from different regions (caput, corpus, and cauda) of the epididymis and their plasma membrane was removed using a nitrogen cavitation treatment (750 psi, 10 min equilibration at 4 degrees C). Membrane was recovered after sucrose gradient centrifugation and identified using 125I succinylated concanavalin A (125I-succConA) as a surface marker. Based on fluorescein isothiocyanate-succConA (FITC-succConA) labeling and electron microscopy, cavitation removed plasma membrane from the anterior sperm head in the area overlying the acrosome. Cholesterol was the major sterol in plasma membrane, with desmosterol present in sperm entering the epididymis (caput sperm) but negligible in sperm after epididymal transit (cauda sperm). Ethanolamine and choline phosphoglycerides represented 70-80% of membrane phospholipids, with the ethanolamine fraction decreasing relative to choline phosphoglycerides during epididymal transit. The molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid increased in the plasma membrane during maturation. The bulk phospholipid-bound fatty acids consisted primarily of palmitoyl acyl groups (16:0) in caput sperm and docosahexaenoyl acyl groups (22:6) in cauda sperm. The choline phosphoglyceride fraction was purified and analyzed. It consisted of a mixture of ether acyl glycero-3-phosphocholine and diacyl phosphoglyceride, with the dominant acyl residue, at all stages of epididymal maturation, being 22:6 throughout epididymal transit. The significance of these findings relative to acquisition of fertilization capacity by sperm during epididymal maturation is discussed. PMID- 3158357 TI - Identification of aromatic dihydroxy acids in biological fluids. AB - 3,5-Dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid, 3,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid and 2,3 dihydroxycinnamic acid were detected for the first time to be components of human urine. In the course of this investigation all constitutional isomers of dihydroxy-benzoic, -phenylpropionic, -phenylacetic and -cinnamic acid were synthesized. Mass spectra and retention indices of methyl and trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives were determined. In contrast to many other substituted aromatic compounds the mass spectra of methyl and TMS derivatives of dihydroxy aromatic acids often allow a firm distinction to be made between constitutional isomers: TMS derivatives of aromatic acids containing two hydroxy groups located in the ortho position to each other can be recognized by ions resulting from a primary cleavage reaction mainly in the side chain or ester group, followed by loss of tetramethylsilane. In methyl derivatives of 1,2,3-trisubstituted isomers, methoxy groups are lost much more easily from the ions corresponding to the benzylic cleavage than in other isomers. Methyl derivatives of dihydroxycinnamic acids containing at least one methoxy group in the ortho position to the side chain are characterized by a fragmentation reaction, corresponding to the loss of dimethyl ether. TMS and methyl derivatives of 3,5-dihydroxy aromatic acids show unique structure-specific fragmentation reactions. PMID- 3158358 TI - A stable isotope assay for phenprocoumon and its metabolites. AB - A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric assay for quantifying phenprocoumon and its 4'-, 6-, 7- and 8-hydroxy metabolites in microsomal preparations is described. This assay which uses deuterium-labeled analogs of the phenprocoumon metabolites as internal standards has a lower limit of quantitation of 20 ng ml 1. Diazomethane is used to derivatize both metabolites and parent compound yielding along with the expected 4-methoxy derivative a minor amount of the 2 methoxychromone. Resolution of the methylated metabolites is accomplished by capillary gas chromatography. PMID- 3158359 TI - Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of bouvardin and selected analogs. AB - The fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectra of bouvardin (1) 6-O-methylbouvardin (2), deoxybouvardin (3) and a synthetic analog (4) have been examined. The spectra of the bicyclic compounds 1-3 display site-directed fragmentations resulting from the presence of a phenolic bridged tyrosine moiety unique to this class of compounds. Comparison of the spectrum of 4, which lacks the rigid 14 membered ring, with the spectra of 1-3 shows some similarities, but clearly does not cleave in a site-directed manner as the other bouvardin analogs. Fragmentation pathways are postulated which account for most of the major ions observed in the FAB mass spectra of these potentially useful antitumor agents. Metastable ion analysis confirms the operation of the proposed pathways. PMID- 3158360 TI - Prognostic importance of blast cell DNA content in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Using flow cytometric techniques, we determined the pretreatment distribution of DNA content in propidium iodide-stained leukemic blasts from 205 children with "standard-risk" acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Risk assignment was based on an initial WBC count less than 100 X 10(9)/L, no thymic mass, no meningeal leukemia, and lymphoblasts lacking sheep erythrocyte receptors or surface immunoglobulin. A single aneuploid leukemic line was detected in 74 cases (36.1%): 70 hyperdiploid and four hypodiploid. For hyperdiploid cases, the DNA index (DI, or ratio of the DNA content of leukemic v normal G0/G1 cells) ranged from 1.06 to 2.0 (median, 1.20). A secondary leukemic line with hyperdiploid cellular DNA content was identified in 21 cases with diploid primary lines. Children whose primary leukemic line showed a DI greater than or equal to 1.16 (n = 57) had significantly better responses to treatment than did those with either a diploid DI (n = 130; P = .002) or values in the range of 1.01 to 1.15 (n = 14; P = .001). The relative risk of failure for hyperdiploid cases with DI greater than or equal to 1.16, corresponding to greater than or equal to 53 chromosomes, was one-third that of the other two groups. Treatment responses of patients with both diploid and hyperdiploid lines were identical to those associated with single diploid lines, but significantly worse than those associated with single hyperdiploid lines with DI greater than or equal to 1.16 (P = .016). The most favorable prognostic variables selected by a Cox proportional hazards model were: DI greater than or equal to 1.16 (P = .001), white race (P = .022), WBC less than or equal to 25 X 10(9)/L (P = .032), age between 2 and 9 years (P = .075), and hemoglobin less than 7.0 g/dL (P = .094). DNA index greater than or equal to 1.16 retained its significant prognostic impact even after adjustment for other variables (P = .001). With the combination of DI greater than or equal to 1.16 and WBC less than or equal to 25 X 10(9)/L, one can identify a group of children with ALL who have a low probability of relapse when treated with current therapy. If they remain disease-free after longer follow-up, it may be advisable to treat them with less intensive, hence less toxic, chemotherapy than patients with higher WBC counts or lower DI values. PMID- 3158361 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to human platelet glycoprotein IIb beta that initiate distinct platelet responses. AB - Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to human platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb) were prepared by fusing cells of a mouse myeloma line to spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse immunized with purified GPIIb. Six of the hybridomas secreted MoAbs that recognized epitopes on the 23,000-dalton, disulfide-linked subunit of GPIIb, GPIIb beta. All six of these MoAbs agglutinated platelets in the absence of calcium. The agglutination titers of three of the MoAbs, however, were enhanced between 2 and 6 log2 dilutions when titrated in the presence of mmol/L of calcium. The enhancement in titer was the result of MoAb-induced platelet activation followed by platelet aggregation, a reaction that could also be initiated by the monovalent Fab fragments prepared from one of the MoAbs. The MoAbs did not significantly agglutinate platelets from patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, confirming biochemical evidence that there is a paucity of GPIIb beta in the membranes of these cells. Our results show that MoAbs to epitopes on GPIIb beta initiate distinct platelet responses; therefore, they should be useful for studying the ways in which regions of surface glycoproteins are involved in platelet-platelet interactions. In addition, these reagents may prove of value in diagnosing and typing patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. PMID- 3158362 TI - Psychiatric perspectives on civil liability for suicide. PMID- 3158363 TI - In situ hybridization: a routine method for parallel localization of DNA sequences and of their transcripts in consecutive paraffin sections with the use of 3H-labelled nick translated cloned DNA probes. AB - A routine in situ hybridization method is described and discussed, which allows parallel detection of repeated DNA sequences and of their abundant transcripts in consecutive tissue sections of a same biological sample with a unique probe. The protocol, based on the use of classical 3H-labelled nick translated cloned DNA probes and of conventional paraffin sections of ethanol-acetic acid-fixed tissues, consists of a simple combination of procedures in current use for separate detection of either RNA or DNA. Different treatments recommended in other methods are omitted or simplified, making the protocol suitable for routine use. The method is successfully applied here to a test-system where ribosomal sequences are sought in the ovarian follicles of the Lepidopteran Ephestia kuhniella, by using a recombinant plasmid containing a Drosophila melanogaster rDNA repeating unit as a probe. Specific and reproducible results are obtained. Sensitivity is sufficient though moderate specific activities are used. Background level is very low. The regionalized distribution of sequences of both types in the chosen model allows to demonstrate that specific detection of RNA requires the systematic removal of DNA from the tissue sections prior to hybridization. PMID- 3158365 TI - Effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine in lung metastases before and after surgery of primary adenocarcinoma tumors in mice. AB - The depletion of polyamines by alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) treatment of mice after subcutaneous inoculation of adenocarcinoma M3 cells caused a remarkable inhibition in the growth rate of primary tumors as well as in the occurrence and number of lung metastases with a concomitant increase in survival time. Tumor-bearing mice submitted to the surgical removal of primary tumors and then treated with alpha-difluoromethylornithine also showed a significant reduction of lung metastases. In addition, a lower number of lung metastatic nodules correlated with decreased levels of polyamines in the same tissue. The described approach provides a useful experimental model for studies in human cancer therapy. PMID- 3158366 TI - MP26 in the bovine lens: a post-embedding immunocytochemical study. AB - Gold immunolabeling of bovine lens tissue embedded in Lowicryl K4M, using a polyclonal antibody specific for a major component of lens fiber plasma membrane of 26 K molecular weight, shows that this constituent is absent from the epithelial cell plasma membrane and associated only with the junctional and non junctional domains of the lens fiber plasma membrane. PMID- 3158364 TI - Reutilization of insulin receptor and hormonal response in cultured foetal hepatocytes: the effects of chloroquine and vinblastine. AB - The effects of chloroquine and vinblastine (10-100 microM) on insulin degradation and biological action were studied in cultured foetal rat hepatocytes. Insulin degradation, as measured by the release of trichloroacetic acid-soluble radioactivity from 125I-insulin into the medium, was strictly cell-associated, saturable with respect to insulin concentrations and linearly related to the amount of cell-associated hormone. The maximal rate of insulin degradation was 4,700 molecules/min per cell, and its KM about 5 nM. Thus, insulin receptors (30,000 sites/cell; half-life close to 13 hr) must be reutilized 450-fold before being degraded with an average time of reutilization inferior to 10 min. In the presence of 70 microM chloroquine or 100 microM vinblastine, insulin degradation was inhibited by 80% and the amount of cell-associated hormone enhanced 2-3-fold. Nearly total inhibition of insulin-stimulated glycogenesis was obtained with 70 microM chloroquine and 45 microM vinblastine. When hepatocytes were preincubated with chloroquine or vinblastine, insulin binding remained high for up to 4 hr, then progressively decreased thereafter. The addition of 10 nM native insulin during preincubation with the drugs resulted in an earlier and more pronounced decrease in insulin binding, whereas native insulin alone did not induce any change. Both the inhibition of insulin degradation and onset of receptor down regulation suggest a drug-induced impairment in the receptor reutilization. This defect is correlated to a loss of the glycogenic effect of insulin in cultured foetal rat hepatocytes. PMID- 3158367 TI - [Chromosomal banding by the action of two compounds: sodium glycocholate and arginine]. AB - In human lymphocytic metaphasis chromosomes sodium glycocholate induces a banding of chromatids and an intense apparently perichromatic labelling, reproducible on the same points of various chromosomal pairs. Arginine makes centromeric heterochromatin visible. PMID- 3158368 TI - Transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound measurement of coeliac axis blood flow in man. AB - Transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound was used to measure coeliac axis blood flow in 42 normal subjects in the fasting state and in 10 subjects following a liquid meal. A Duplex scanner was used and coeliac axis blood flow was estimated by calculating the instantaneous average velocity of blood flow over the cardiac cycle. Both the diameter of the vessel and the angle between the vessel and the beam were measured from real time imaging. The mean (+/- s.e.m.) of coeliac axis blood flow was 703 +/- 24 ml/min. There was no difference in the results between the sexes nor any correlation between flow and age. The mean coefficient of variability was 7.8 per cent in a 1 day test and 9.2 per cent in a 2 day test. Coeliac axis blood flow increased by 38 per cent immediately after the end of ingestion of the meal and declined to 29 per cent 5 min and 24 per cent 10 min later. PMID- 3158369 TI - Death of a volunteer. PMID- 3158370 TI - Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Cosmetic surgery II. PMID- 3158371 TI - Endotoxin shock in the piglet: beneficial effects of serotonin antagonism. PMID- 3158372 TI - Sensory reinnervation of cat peroneus brevis muscle spindles after nerve crush. AB - Results are presented of examining the postcrush sensory reinnervation of cat peroneus brevis muscle spindles previously investigated physiologically by Hyde and Scott. It is shown that primary and secondary endings were successfully restored in their final form in the early stages of recovery. The primary endings were shorter than normal and had fewer transverse bands; 12% were judged to be hyperinnervated. Some secondary endings showed signs of growth through the primary region apparently designed to establish secondary terminals in the opposite pole. This is compared with the collateral regeneration of intact motor axons in partially denervated muscle. It is concluded that the defects observed in the regenerated sensory endings had no effect on their functional recovery. PMID- 3158373 TI - Blockade and reversal of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine-induced analgesia following noradrenaline depletion. AB - The acute effects of the 5-hydroxytryptamine agonist, 5-Methoxy-N,N dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), upon pain sensitivity, using shock titration, tail-flick and hot-plate methods, in noradrenaline- and 5-hydroxytryptamine depleted rats were examined. Noradrenaline depletion, following the systemic administration of N-2-chloroethyl-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine hydrochloride (DSP4, 2 X 50 mg/kg, i.p.), caused a reversal of the analgesic effect of 5-MeO-DMT on shock-titration from hypo- to hypersensitivity, and a total blockade of the antinociceptive effect of 5-MeO-DMT upon pain responses in the hot-plate and tail flick tests. Pretreatment with either p-chloroamphetamine (2 X 10 mg/kg) or p chlorophenylalanine (200, 100, 100 mg/kg), that depletes central 5 hydroxytryptamine stores, failed to alter the analgesia caused by acute 5-MeO DMT. Strong evidence is provided for the effect of central noradrenaline depletion upon the analgesic effect of the 5-HT agonist. These findings suggest an important tonic influence of the noradrenaline system upon the descending spinal 5-HT pathway in rats. PMID- 3158374 TI - Effects of pertussis toxin on D2-dopamine receptor in rat striatum: evidence for coupling of Ni regulatory protein with D2-receptor. AB - It is well established that a pertussis toxin, islet activating protein (IAP), interacts directly with the Ni regulatory protein involved in the receptor adenylate cyclase system. In this study we investigated the effect of the toxin on the dopaminergic function of the central nervous system in conjunction with the adenylate cyclase system. Direct bilateral microinjection of the toxin into rat striatum reduced the stereotyped behavior induced by apomorphine. This inhibitory effect was observed even 40 h after administration of the toxin, whereas the inhibition by haloperidol disappeared within 15 h. Toxin administration did not influence either the Bmax or affinity of specific binding of [3H]spiroperidol to the striatal membrane. However, it increased the IC50 value of apomorphine for the specific binding of [3H]spiroperidol. GTP (10(-4) M) had little effect on the apparent affinity of apomorphine to the [3H]spiroperidol binding sites in IAP-treated membrane, though an effect was clearly observed in untreated membrane. [3H]Spiroperidol binding sites were increased 34 +/- 8% (n = 4) on chronic treatment of haloperidol for 2 weeks. On the contrary, on long-term administration of IAP the ligand binding sites were decreased by 25 +/- 10% (n = 4). These results indicate that pertussis toxin can interact with the Ni protein coupled with striatal D2-dopamine receptor. Inhibition of the coupling between Ni protein and the D2-dopamine receptor attenuated the manifestation of rat stereotyped behavior. Furthermore, chronic administration of dopamine antagonist resulted in the up-regulation of the D2-dopamine receptor, while long-term inhibition of coupling between the D2-dopamine receptor and Ni regulatory protein reduced the amount of receptors. PMID- 3158375 TI - Topographic studies relating distribution of Ia- and gamma-fibres in spinal cord and position of muscle spindles in cat tibialis anterior muscle. AB - The segmental distribution of 115 Ia- and 115 paired gamma-fibres of the tibialis anterior muscle was studied in anaesthetized cats. All Ia-fibres recorded were found in the lumbar segments L6 and L7, from caudal L6 to middle L7. The paired gamma-axons were also mainly found in these parts of the spinal cord, only 7 gamma-fibres were localized in caudal L7. A total of 70% of all fibres was found in L7. Of the fibres constituting 'muscle spindle units' of the tibialis anterior 92.2% enter the same segment (a 'muscle spindle unit' is here defined as a muscle spindle with its Ia-fibres and one gamma-fibre innervating it). More than that, 88% of the afferent and efferent fibres of muscle spindle units were found in the same part of the segment. For the first time, the position of the muscle spindles was related to the location of their Ia- and gamma-fibres in the spinal cord. In general, the muscle spindles located in the proximal muscle region project to the more cranial part of the spinal cord and the muscle spindles localized distally in the muscle project to the more caudal part of the spinal cord. The topographic pattern of the muscle spindle units is discussed with respect to the topographically arranged monosynaptic reflex loop. PMID- 3158376 TI - Altered body temperature of rabbits after central injection of beta-endorphin and other peptides. AB - After injection of 5 micrograms into a lateral cerebral ventricle, 6 of 12 peptides induced mean changes of 0.3 degree C or more in rectal temperature of rabbits. When beta-endorphin was studied further with 1.25-5 micrograms in 10, 23 and 30 degrees C environments, it induced dose-related hypothermia in the cold, hyperthermia in the heat and progressively smaller increases in body temperature with increasing doses at 23 degrees C. PMID- 3158377 TI - Protein kinase C phosphorylates a 47 Mr protein (F1) directly related to synaptic plasticity. AB - Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C, and activators of protein kinase C (phosphatidylserine, phorbol esters) stimulate the in vitro phosphorylation of a 47 kdalton phosphoprotein (protein F1) previously shown (Routtenberg, Lovinger and Steward, Behav. neural Biol., 43 (1985) 3-11) to be directly related to the plasticity of long-term potentiation. These data indicate that protein F1 serves as a protein kinase C substrate, and suggest the hypothesis that protein kinase C is involved in processes of long-term potentiation. PMID- 3158378 TI - Ultrastructural evidence for beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of the rat duodenum. AB - Using a modified immunoelectron microscopic staining technique the opioid peptide beta-endorphin could be demonstrated within large dense-core vesicles (LDVs) which are localized in presumptive axons and dendrites of the duodenal myenteric plexus of the rat duodenum. Pre-absorption tests with synthetic beta-endorphin (10(-6)M, final concentration) abolished the beta-endorphin immunoreactivity, resulting in only beta-endorphin unstained vesicles. To demonstrate more clearly electron-dense beta-endorphin material within vesicles the ultrathin sections were not counterstained with heavy metal salts. These sections revealed that the beta-endorphin material is localized as 'cores' with a mean diameter of 35-50 nm within LDVs corresponding to cores of LDVs, which are 70-90 nm in mean diameter. PMID- 3158379 TI - Enteric gliopathy in niacin-deficiency induced by CNS glio-toxin. AB - 6-Aminonicotinamide (6-AN), an antagonist of niacin and a potent CNS glio-toxin, selectively caused degeneration of glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) of rodents. Suckling mice treated with 6-AN developed diarrhea clinically and displayed vacuolated degenerating glial cells in the myenteric plexus as well as in the CNS. Myenteric neurons were well preserved. These findings provide further evidence for possible functional similarities between the glial cells in the central and enteric nervous systems. PMID- 3158380 TI - Central neurotoxic effects of intraperitoneally administered 3-acetylpyridine, harmaline and niacinamide in Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats: a critical review of central 3-acetylpyridine neurotoxicity. AB - Previous studies indicate that 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) intoxication produces discrete lesions of the inferior olive (IO) and other central structures in rats and mice. As a result, it has been widely employed in investigations of the influences of climbing fibers on cerebellar function. This study examines the central toxicity of a protocol reported to produce lesions restricted to the inferior olive in rats. Adult male Long-Evans (n = 12) and Sprague-Dawley (n = 18) were given serial injections of 3-AP (75-80 mg/kg), harmaline (15 mg/kg) or saline, and niacinamide (300 mg/kg). Silver degeneration staining (cupric-silver method) after 6-48 h survival revealed consistent patterns of degenerating neurons in IO, nucleus ambiguus, hypoglossal nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus X, nucleus intercalatus, nucleus dorsalis raphe, medial terminal nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, entopeduncular nucleus, hippocampus (dentate gyrus and CA 3-4), horizontal limb of the nucleus of the diagonal band, and lateral entorhinal cortex, which were not produced by control experiments with 3 saline injections or with two saline injections followed by niacinamide. These data apparently resolve conflicts in the literature regarding central 3-AP toxicity and indicate that the 3-AP-harmaline niacinamide protocol produces degeneration that is similar to 3-AP alone. However, they also document the discrete, reproducible susceptibility of certain neuronal populations to 3-AP intoxication and suggest that the motor symptoms of intoxication are not solely due to IO destruction. Finally, they form a basis for biochemical investigations of 3-AP toxicity in susceptible central structures. PMID- 3158381 TI - Pathogenesis and immunobiology of herpes simplex virus in mouse and man. PMID- 3158382 TI - [Is the histamine-producing cell stimulating factor (HCSF) identical to interleukin 3 (IL-3)?]. AB - Since homogeneously purified Interleukin 3 can induce an increase in histamine synthesis by normal bone marrow cells (HCSF activity), it has been suggested that HCSF and IL3 could be identical. In this paper, we show evidence that HCSF activity can be obtained without any IL3 activity (determined by the proliferation of an IL3-dependent cell line). This distinction has been achieved in two different ways: (a) the physico-chemical separation of HCSF and IL3 from crude secondary MLC supernatants and (b) the spontaneous production by the P388D1 cell line of a factor possessing all the characteristics of HCSF without any IL3 activity. In addition, preliminary results show that anti-IL3 antibodies do not inhibit the increase in histamine synthesis induced by HCSF while it strongly diminishes that induced by IL3. PMID- 3158383 TI - [Absence, in the hypertrophied rat heart caused by aortocaval fistula, of several metabolic and electrophysiological changes seen in other models of hypertrophy]. AB - In this work, we compared the electrophysiological and metabolic parameters of a volume overload model of cardiac hypertrophy (aorto-caval fistula) with those of two other models of hypertrophy (aortic stenosis and isoproterenol pretreatment). In these last models, a prolongation of action potential and a decrease of myocardial ATP content are observed. However, these alterations are not shown in the aorto-caval fistulated animals while their heart are well hypertrophied. The amplitude increase of phase 3 AP seemed to be a common factor of these models of cardiac hypertrophy. PMID- 3158384 TI - Genetic considerations in the effects of ethanol in mice. I. Genotype-dependent alterations in alcohol dehydrogenase activity. AB - Most genetic studies on individual and racial differences in sensitivity to alcohol intoxication have concentrated on genetic variations associated with structural genes for the enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism, including alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; E.C. 1.1.1.1). We studied the ethanol-induced regulation of ADH following chronic administration of ethanol in mice. Newly weaned males from six inbred strains (BALB/c, C3H/HeSnJ, C3H/S, C57BL/6J, S.W., and 129/ReJ) were subjected to ethanol administration. Alterations in the level of liver ADH activity, relative to matched littermate controls, were evaluated. The change in ADH activity was found to be strain (genotype) specific, which may explain the contradictory results in the literature. Strains which showed induction of ADH activity, in general, reflected a strain-specific time-dependent profile. Strains which showed repression, however, were independent in the degree of repression to the duration of ethanol exposure. Such variable, ethanol-induced regulatory responses (induction/repression) in ADH activity of different genotypes may account for individual and population variations in response to alcohol. Additional work, however, is needed to establish the molecular bases of ADH inducibility and its specific role in relative susceptibility to alcohols. PMID- 3158385 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: under- or overused? PMID- 3158386 TI - Synthetic retinoids in dermatology. AB - The potential of vitamin A, or retinol, in the treatment of a variety of skin diseases has long been recognized, but because of serious toxic effects this substance generally could not be used. The recent development and marketing of two relatively non-toxic synthetic analogues, which are known as retinoids, has made it possible to treat some of the diseases that are resistant to standard forms of therapy. Isotretinoin is very effective in cystic and conglobate acne, while etretinate is especially useful in the more severe forms of psoriasis. Good results have also been obtained in other disorders of keratinization. Vitamin A and its derivatives apparently have an antineoplastic effect as well and may come to be used in both the prevention and the treatment of epithelial cancer. In many of these diseases the retinoids act by enhancing the normal differentiation and proliferation of epidermal tissues, but the exact mechanisms are not well understood. Their influence on the intracellular polyamines that control the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins may be an important factor. Although the retinoids have few serious systemic effects, they are teratogenic, and because they persist in the body their use in women of childbearing potential is limited. PMID- 3158388 TI - Torre-Muir syndrome. An association with isolated sebaceous carcinoma. AB - Three cases of Torre-Muir syndrome are described in which isolated sebaceous carcinomas were associated with internal malignancy. The first was a 66-year-old woman who had a sebaceous carcinoma in association with carcinoma of the uterus, two adenocarcinomas of colon, carcinoma of renal pelvis and bladder, and a squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. The second was a 78-year-old woman who had a sebaceous carcinoma associated with carcinomas of the colon, ovary, and pancreas. The third patient had a sebaceous carcinoma associated with breast cancer. The subject is discussed and the previously reported cases reviewed. PMID- 3158387 TI - Absence of correlation between liver metastases and unexplained fever episodes. AB - An accepted, although debatable explanation for fever of unexplained origin (FUO) in cancer patients is the presence of liver metastases. This controlled study was aimed to determine whether FUO is more common in patients with liver metastases (Group A) as compared to those without evidence of spread to the liver (Group B). One hundred forty-five patients were studied in each group. Fever of unknown origin was experienced by 45 patients of Group A (31%) and 39 of Group B (26.9%). The duration and the fever characteristics were comparable in both groups. There was no relationship between the extent of the liver metastases and the incidence of FUO. That FUO was not caused by the presence of liver metastases per se, is deduced also from the remission of fever in 18 preoperative episodes after the resection of the primary tumor only, in spite of the persistence of the liver metastases. The type of fever and its duration was similar in patients with or without liver metastases. Thirteen severe infectious conditions were missed by the premature adoption of the convenient diagnosis of "fever due to liver metastases." Indomethacin, administered to normalize the fever incorrectly attributed to the liver metastases, obscured four of the above infectious conditions, with a fatal outcome. The authors conclude that the existence of "fever due to liver metastases" as an entity is not supported by the current study, and that the premature adoption of this diagnosis further compromised the outcome of patients with liver metastases and unexplained fever. PMID- 3158389 TI - The influence of extracellular calcium on the distribution of protein kinase C in non-neoplastic and neoplastic rat liver cells. AB - Non-neoplastic T51B rat liver epithelial cells cannot proliferate in Ca2+ deficient medium. This proliferative inhibition in Ca2+-deficient medium is accompanied by a large reduction in the amount of cellular EDTA-extractable Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) activity. By contrast, tumorigenic epithelial cells from several Morris hepatomas proliferate in Ca2+-deficient medium and either maintain or greatly increase their content of EDTA-extractable protein kinase C. PMID- 3158390 TI - Cardiomegaly and haemodynamics in rats with a transplantable growth hormone secreting tumour. AB - To investigate cardiovascular changes in experimental acromegaly, a growth hormone-secreting tumour (MtT-W-15) was implanted in adult female rats. Somatic and tumour growth occurred steadily during the 8 week study period, as did an increase in serum growth hormone titre. Weight of left ventricle and right ventricle increased directly with tumour growth, both on an absolute basis and when compared with normal rats of equal body weight. Atrial weight also increased substantially. Haematocrit declined sharply at first, and more slowly later with increasing tumour weight. Haemodynamic measurements were made on these animals at two stages of tumour growth using an anaesthetised open-chest preparation. Cardiac index (per g body wt), stroke index, stroke work, left ventricle +dP/dtmax, and dF/dtmax of aortic flow were greatly elevated in rats with the largest tumours (longer duration), and to a lesser extent in those with smaller tumours (shorter duration). Systemic peripheral resistance and heart rate were depressed. Ventricular weight increased non-linearly with increases in cardiac index. Cardiac output, stroke volume, stroke work and dF/dtmax normalised per g left ventricle weight were also elevated. Splenomegaly accompanied tumour growth; however, splenectomy of tumour-bearing animals failed to prevent development of anaemia and cardiomegaly. While a direct effect of elevated growth hormone provides the best explanation for development of cardiomegaly in this model, volume work overloading due to anaemia and water retention may be a contributory cause. PMID- 3158391 TI - Effect of alpha-amylase inhibitors and other compounds on glucosyltransferase activity. PMID- 3158392 TI - Sensory cells of the "rod-" and "cone-type" in the pineal organ of Rana esculenta, as revealed by immunoreaction against opsin and by the presence of an oil (lipid) droplet. AB - The pineal organ of the frog, Rana esculenta, was studied by use of light- and electron-microscopic methods including immunoreaction against opsin. Most of the morphologically classified cone-type outer segments of the pineal photoreceptors reacted with antisera against opsin of the bovine retina that is dominated by rods. Some of the outer segments of pineal photoreceptor cells remained unstained in accord with the reference tissue, the frog retina, where generally the rods were opsin-positive and most of the cones opsin-negative. The opsin-negative outer segments of pineal photoreceptors were found in continuity with inner segments each containing a large oil (lipid) droplet. These oil droplets stained intensely with osmic acid, Sudan III, Sudan Black B or Scharlach R in cryostat sections, and were soluble in lipid solvents. In ultrathin sections of osmicated material, the oil droplets were homogeneous and of varying electron density. Approximately one tenth of the pineal photoreceptors contained oil droplets and at the same time possessed opsin-immunonegative outer segments. Since in the retina oil droplets and a negative immunoreaction against bovine opsin are characteristic of cones, we suggest that in the pineal organ they also mark "cone type" photoreceptors scattered among "rod-type" photoreceptors, the latter displaying a positive immunoreaction with the antisera used. PMID- 3158393 TI - Evidence from cDNA clones that the rat leukocyte-common antigen (T200) spans the lipid bilayer and contains a cytoplasmic domain of 80,000 Mr. AB - The leukocyte-common antigen (L-CA or T200) includes a family of lymphoid and myeloid cell surface glycoproteins with apparent molecular weights from 180,000 to 240,000. We report a partial protein sequence for thymocyte L-CA containing 1073 amino acids predicted from cDNA clones isolated using an oligonucleotide probe. Only one segment (residues 347-368) is likely to cross the membrane, and peptide data suggest that sequences N-terminal to this are outside the cell, with residues 369-1073 inside. The cytoplasmic domain includes possible phosphorylation sites and an internal homology between residues 385-671 and 676 986. Analysis of B lymphocyte cDNA clones suggests that B cell and thymocyte mRNAs are identical in 3' sequences, but size differences in Northern blots suggest 5' sequences may differ. PMID- 3158394 TI - Cellular cooperation in the expression of murine delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). 1. A normal accessory cell population enhances DTH produced by immune peritoneal exudate T lymphocytes. AB - A murine system for local passive transfer of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) has recently been described. It was determined that untreated and T-lymphocyte enriched (nylon-wool-nonadherent) fractions of peritoneal exudate (PE) cells from immunized donors could be transferred with soluble antigen to normal recipient footpads to efficiently produce a local DTH response. Untreated spleen or lymph node (LN) cell populations were strikingly less capable in this regard. It is now reported that addition of normal untreated PE cell populations to immune T enriched PE cells markedly enhanced the DTH response transferred by the latter. Specific swelling was dose dependent with respect to each cell type. Removal of T lymphocytes from the normal PE cell population did not affect its enhancement of DTH. By cotransfer of 1 X 10(7) normal PE cells, significant specific swelling was obtained using 1-3 X 10(5) T-enriched immune PE cells. This represented a three- to seven-fold reduction in the requirement for the latter cell type. This scheme of DTH enhancement was employed to evaluate the mechanisms for decreased capability of immune LN and spleen for DTH transfer when compared to PE. No evidence was found that either adherent or nonadherent suppressor cells are operative at the time of DTH expression. Cotransfer of a DTH-enhancing population failed to equalize DTH expression by LN and spleen with that of PE. It is concluded that DTH effector-T-cell activity is enriched in immune peritoneal exudate and that non-T-cell population(s) from that source actively enhance DTH expression. PMID- 3158395 TI - Immunobiological function of normal rabbit synovial cells. AB - The ability of enzyme-dissociated primary cultures of synovial cells (Sy) to present antigen was investigated. Adult rabbits were immunized in foot pads with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or with CFA alone. Four to six weeks later draining popliteal lymph node cells (LNC) and synovial cells were obtained. Synovial cells were cultured overnight with or without antigen. About 20% of these synovial cells had Fc receptors and 15% C3 receptors. As a positive control splenic adherent cells (SAC) were similarly treated. Next day, autologous lymph node cells were added to the extensively washed and irradiated synovial cells or splenic adherent cells. Lymphocyte proliferation was measured by [3H]thymidine uptake. Synovial cells as well as splenic adherent cells induced mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) and effectively presented antigen for specific immune response to the priming antigen. Thus, the synovium contains macrophage-like cells that can effectively interact with lymphocytes and participate in the immune phenomena in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3158396 TI - Cyclophosphamide-induced suppressor cells in mice: suppression of the antibody response in vitro and characterization of the effector cells. AB - It was found earlier that nonspecific suppressor cells obtained from the spleen of mice injected with cyclophosphamide (Cy) at a dose of 200 mg/kg body wt are nonadherent, surface Ig negative, and Thy-1 negative. It is now reported that Cy induced suppressor (Cy-S) cells suppress the in vitro primary and secondary humoral responses in a dose-dependent manner. Suppressor activity is a property of a low density cell that is found in the spleen from 5 to 11 days after Cy administration. Cy-S cells are negative for a number of T-cell markers and are nonadherent to plastic. They are not agglutinated by peanut agglutinin and do not acquire the Thy-1 antigen after treatment with thymosin, suggesting that they are not T-cell precursors. While NK activity was detected in the Cy-S cell preparations, this activity was removed by treatment with antibodies specific for the Qa-5 antigen and complement without affecting the suppressor activity. Cy-S cells are, therefore, distinct from B cells, T cells, NK cells, and macrophages. PMID- 3158397 TI - Regulation of IgG1 and IgG2 subclass expression by adjuvant-activated splenic suppressor T cells. AB - Spleen cells from mice immunized with different adjuvants are able to suppress secondary in vitro IgG plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses. The suppressive effect is mediated by Lyt-2-positive T cells. IgG subclasses are affected differentially depending on the number of T suppressor (Ts) cells added in the assays. At low Ts cell concentration IgG2a and IgG2b PFC responses are selectively inhibited. At higher Ts cell concentration IgG1 responses could also be completely inhibited, but IgA and IgM responses are not affected. Suppressor cells responsible for IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b suppression are never found in the draining lymph nodes of adjuvant-immunized animals. PMID- 3158398 TI - Analysis of the role of xenogeneic antigens in the proliferation of human T cells stimulated with autologous non-T cells and phytohemagglutinin-activated T cells. AB - Since conflicting results have been reported about the role of xenoantigens in the proliferation of T cells stimulated with autologous non-T cells, the effect of the exposure of cells to xenogeneic proteins during the isolation procedure and/or the culture period on autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions (AMLR) with non-T cells and phytohemagglutinin-activated T cells as stimulators was investigated. T and non-T cells were isolated by rosetting with 2 aminoethylisothiuronium bromide-treated sheep red blood cells (AET-SRBC), by nylon-wool filtration, and by positive or negative selection with anti-class II HLA antigens and anti-T-cell monoclonal antibodies. Isolation and cultures were performed in presence of fetal calf serum (FCS) or of autologous serum. In both types of AMLR, proliferation of responding cells did not require exposure to xenoantigens. However xenoantigens enhanced the proliferation of cells from some, although not all, the donors tested. There were differences in the degree of proliferation of the cells from the donors tested, but without correlation with the two types of AMLR. These results suggest that both types of AMLR reflect a self-recognition event and not a response to xenoantigens. However the potential interference of xenoantigens, as well as the individual variability, should be taken into account when interpreting the significance of abnormalities of AMLR in immunopathologic processes. PMID- 3158399 TI - The autoimmune response in active Heymann's nephritis in Lewis rats is regulated by T-lymphocyte subsets. AB - In this study the cellular events which are responsible for the induction and suppression of active Heymann's nephritis (HN) in Lewis rats were investigated. Using an enzyme-linked short-term culture assay specific autoantibody production in vitro by lymphoid cells directed against the nephritogenic renal tubular epithelial glycoprotein (RTE-Gp) was measured. By this method it was shown that only the lymph nodes that drain the site of immunization contained autoreactive B cells. Pretreatment with cyclosporine A (Cy-A) or with multiple injections of high doses of antigen in Freund's incomplete adjuvant markedly inhibited the development of disease to a subsequent nephritogenic challenge. In challenged high-dose-tolerant (HDT) rats the autoimmune response was only 5-10% of immunized nontolerant rats. This tolerance could not be transferred by lymphoid cells from Cy-A-treated rats, but could be transferred by lymphoid cells derived from the thymus or spleen of HDT rats. Thus a suppressor cell of thymic origin may be responsible for HDT. Transfer of affinity column-fractionated splenic T cells from HDT rats demonstrated that OX8- helper and OX8+ suppressor T cells are involved in the induction and suppression, respectively, of the autoimmune response in this experimental nephropathy. PMID- 3158400 TI - Rabbit bone marrow suppressor cells block the production or release of a soluble bone marrow growth factor. AB - Fc gamma-receptor (Fc gamma R)-bearing cells from normal rabbit bone marrow suppressed the constitutive proliferation rates of the remaining, Fc gamma R-, cells. In the absence of the suppressive influences of Fc gamma R+ cells, cells in the Fc gamma R- population spontaneously elaborated a soluble growth factor (GF) which induced the proliferation of unseparated bone marrow cells. To examine regulation by Fc gamma R+ bone marrow cells, graded numbers of the Fc gamma R+ cells were mixed with constant numbers of the FcR- cells. At 24 hr, supernates were collected and tested for GF activity. The Fc gamma R+ suppressor cells efficiently and in a dose-dependent fashion blocked GF production or release. The GF was nondialyzable and relatively heat stable. Supernates with GF activity also had colony-stimulating factor activity, but were negative in assays modified from murine interleukin 1 (IL-1) and IL-2 assays. Regulation of GF production or release represents a new function for bone marrow suppressor cells. PMID- 3158401 TI - In vitro generation of human activated lymphocyte killer cells. II. N-acetyl-D galactosamine inhibits a distinct subpopulation of human activated lymphocyte killer cells generated in mixed lymphocyte culture. AB - A range of monosaccharides was tested for its ability to inhibit the generation of cytotoxic cells during mixed lymphocyte culture. The most discriminatory effect was produced by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (NADG). The presence of this sugar at the initiation of the coculture significantly inhibited in a dose dependent manner the induction of a subset of nonspecific activated lymphocyte (ALK) cells preferentially able to lyse the K562 target cell (natural killer, NK like cells) but had no effect on the generation of either specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes or another separate subset of ALK cells mediating lysis of an NK insensitive melanoma cell line. The addition of conditioned medium containing interleukin 2 and interferon (IFN) at the start of culture reversed the inhibitory effect of the sugar. Under conditions of limiting dilution, the frequency of NK-like precursors ranged from 1/50 to 1/1200 with different mononuclear cells (MNC) and in all cases the presence of NADG from Day 0 of culture selectively decreased the frequency of these precursors. At the concentrations used NADG had no effect on NK-like cell cytolysis once generated. The addition of recombinant gamma-IFN did not abrogate the inhibitory effect of NADG and in MLC of some individuals decreased the frequencies of ALK cell precursors. These data provide further evidence for the heterogeneity of ALK cells and indicate that what is usually referred to as NK-like cell activity in in vitro culture is mediated by a subpopulation of MNC which are activated and induced to differentiate along a pathway independent of that of other ALK subsets. PMID- 3158402 TI - Effect of L-ornithine on proliferative and cytotoxic T-cell responses in allogeneic and syngeneic mixed leukocyte cultures. AB - The effect of L-ornithine on cytotoxic and proliferative responses in mixed leukocyte cultures has been analyzed. The activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was strongly inhibited when 9 X 10(-3) M L-ornithine was added at the initiation of the cultures. The CTL precursor cells were not completely and irreversibly inactivated, however, since the cells generated normal cytotoxic activity if resuspended after 6 days in fresh culture medium together with a fresh set of stimulator cells. Experiments in microcultures with nylon-wool nonadherent T-cell-enriched spleen cells as responder cells and "plastic adherent cells" as stimulator cells revealed that the cytotoxic responses were almost completely suppressed if ornithine was added within the first 20 hr but were only partially suppressed if ornithine was added after 48 hr. Also, ornithine had only a mild suppressive effect on proliferative responses in allogeneic and syngeneic mixed leukocyte cultures. The strong suppressive effect of the cytotoxic response was therefore not explained by a general toxic effect of L-ornithine on the responding cells in the culture. The addition of interleukin 2 (IL-2)-containing EL-4 supernatants did not prevent but rather enhanced the suppressive effect of L ornithine. This indicated that the inhibitory effect was not (exclusively) expressed at the level of the IL-2-producing helper T cells. Since activated macrophages have been reported to secrete arginase, it appears that L-ornithine may be part of a regulatory circuit that selectively regulates the development of cytotoxic effector T cells. PMID- 3158403 TI - Break of unresponsiveness of delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells by pertussis toxin. AB - Effects of pertussis toxin (PT) on the unresponsiveness of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were examined in mice. DTH cannot be detected in mice injected iv with 1 X 10(9) SRBC. This unresponsive state was broken by 1 microgram of PT given iv to mice 1 or more days, even 21 days, after SRBC-injection and replaced by the development of high and persistent DTH responses with several days' lag after PT treatment. The restored DTH response was accompanied by the appearance of circulating DTH-mediating cells. In the non-PT-treated mice, DTH-mediating cells, which conferred DTH in syngeneic naive recipient mice by systemic transfer, were found in the spleen but not in the blood, whereas in the PT-treated mice, they were found both in the spleen and in the blood. On the other hand, the induction or the function of splenic suppressor T cells (Ts) for DTH in mice injected iv with 10(9) SRBC was inhibited by PT treatment. DTH-Ts, which appeared in the spleen around 4 days after SRBC injection and inhibited the induction of DTH response to SRBC in the syngeneic cyclophosphamide-pretreated recipient mice, failed to be induced in mice given PT 1 day after SRBC injection, and their ability was reduced when they were treated in vitro with PT immediately before transfer. These results demonstrate the possibilities that the reinforced migration of DTH-mediating cells from spleen to blood by PT is involved in the mechanisms by which PT break the unresponsiveness of DTH and that the interference with the induction or the function of DTH-Ts by PT may also be partly involved in the mechanisms. PMID- 3158404 TI - The influence of autologous cell interactions on spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen induced immunoglobulin production. AB - Both helper- and suppressor-T-cell activities are generated in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction and in pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated cultures. The addition of low numbers of irradiated non-T cells enhance while high numbers suppress spontaneous and PWM-stimulated IgG synthesis by autologous cells. Monocytes are the principal inducers of suppression and exert their influence within the first 24 hr of culture. Suppression in association with PWM stimulation is nonspecific in nature, T-cell mediated, partially radiosensitive, and resistant to hydrocortisone. Neither indomethacin nor dibutyryl cyclic AMP reverses monocyte-related suppression. These findings suggest that the outcome of in vitro Ig synthesis assays is critically dependent upon monocyte-T-cell interaction. PMID- 3158405 TI - Regulation of hapten-specific T-cell response. II. Functional analysis of helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells in animals suppressed by azobenzenearsonate (ABA) specific suppressor T cells. AB - The administration of azobenzenearsonate-modified syngeneic spleen cells (ABA-SC) intravenously induces a population of first order hapten-specific inducer suppressor T cells (Ts1), which downregulate various aspects of T-cell-mediated immune responses via a well defined suppressor-T-cell pathway. In this study, we investigated the effects of these suppressor cells on the generation of ABA specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and helper T cells (Th) in vivo. We found evidence for functional impairment of ABA-activated Th and ABA-specific CTL precursors (CTLp) in the suppressed animals by a number of different in vitro criteria. Functional analysis of ABA-specific CTLp and ABA-activated Th in suppressed animals revealed that ABA-specific Ts inhibit the generation of CTL by impairing the antigen-specific activation of Th, which may in turn, prevent the clonal expansion of antigen-specific CTLp. The significance of these findings in relationship to our understanding of the cellular interactions necessary for the generation of CTL and the mode of action and mechanisms of suppressor T cells is discussed. PMID- 3158406 TI - Analysis of responder cell-cell interactions in the syngeneic mixed leukocyte response. AB - In a previous study we identified the target antigens on stimulator cells in the murine syngeneic mixed leukocyte response (MLR) as self Ia molecules. The experiments reported here utilized analysis of log-log cell number-response titration slopes to study the responder T-cell population in the syngeneic MLR. The data indicated that in the peripheral lymphoid population at least two cell populations interact to produce a murine syngeneic MLR. One of these cell types appeared to be a member of an Lyt 2- subset, another a member of an Lyt 2+ subset. A potential third cell type, which was detected in the presence of (PMA) induced EL4 supernatants, was found in the thymus, an organ that did not appear to contain either of the other two subsets. Experiments with adult thymectomized and neonatal mice suggested that the cell populations involved in the syngeneic MLR were mature T cells and were not an early differentiation state of T lymphocytes whose ability to be stimulated by Ia antigens alone was a transient event. PMID- 3158407 TI - Behavior of helper T lymphocytes in cyclosporine-mediated long-term graft acceptance in the rat. AB - (LEW X BN)F1 cardiac allografts are rejected acutely (7 days) in unmodified LEW rats, yet survive indefinitely following cyclosporine (CsA) treatment (15 mg/kg im for 7 days) or in T-cell-deprived (B) recipients. Using these models, the function of T helper cells (Th) in the maintenance phase of CsA-mediated long term graft survival was examined. With monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity fractionation techniques, Th (W3/25+OX8-) were separated from spleens of CsA treated hosts 3-4 weeks after grafting (CsA-Th), from specifically sensitized (s Th), or from normal ungrafted (n-Th) rats. Adoptive transfer of 60 X 10(6) CsA-Th into B recipients produced rejection of donor-specific, but not third-party grafts in 21 +/- 7 days, comparable to s-Th (17 +/- 4 days), but faster than n-Th (4-5 weeks, P less than 0.025). CsA-Th recombined with T cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype (CsA-Tc/s, OX8+W3/25-) in numbers contained in 100 X 10(6) CsA-T cells were ineffectual, even when supplemented with exogenous interleukin 2-rich conditioned medium (IL-2CM); in contrast 100 X 10(6) s-T cells + IL-2CM inevitably caused acute rejection in B hosts (11 +/- 3 days). Increasing numbers of Th incrementally to 100 X 10(6) augmented the effectiveness of s-Th (rejection in 13 +/- 2 days), but did not improve potency of CsA-Th (20 +/- 2 days). Suppressor activity produced by small numbers of contaminating CsA-Tc/s (c. 0.4%, 4-5 X 10(5) cells in 100 X 10(6) CsA-Th) accounted for extended graft survival in B recipients, as this small number of CsA-Tc/s transferred into untreated syngeneic rats increased test graft survival to c. 16 days (P less than 0.001). IL-2 production by spleen cells, depressed during CsA treatment, returned to normal levels 2-3 weeks following drug withdrawal, whereas transfer of CsA-Th into B recipients induced a shift of IL-2 levels from dramatically depressed to normal, findings suggesting normal IL-2 production by CsA-Th. This report demonstrates that an unresponsive state in CsA-treated animals is achieved despite the presence of fully potent donor-specific Th. Active suppressor activity plays a critical role in the maintenance phase of graft survival in rats treated transiently with CsA. PMID- 3158408 TI - Time course analysis of regulation of cytotoxic T cells. AB - The frequency of cytotoxic T-cell precursors (T(K] was determined in spleen cells (SC) of naive mice and after subcutaneous (sc) or intravenous (iv) priming with trinitrophenyl (TNP)-haptenized syngeneic thymocytes by limiting dilution (LD) analysis in cultures containing exogenous interleukin 2 (IL-2). The frequency of TNP-specific T(K) (T(K)TNP) was found to be 1/4500 +/- 1097 in SC of naive mice. After treatment, the frequency of T(K)TNP increased up to threefold. An evaluation of regulatory elements (helper and suppressor T cells) (TH, TS) was possible by comparing SC from naive and primed animals after prolonged in vitro culture periods in the absence of exogenous IL-2. The experiments indicated that after 7 days of culture, activation of T(K) was limited by the supply of help. After 2-3 weeks of culture, sufficient help was available, especially in SC populations of primed mice, i.e., priming resulted in activation of the helper compartment with gradual differences depending on the route of priming (sc priming was more efficient than iv priming). But, after prolonged culture periods, cytotoxic activity was counterregulated by TS in naive and primed animals. While sc priming was a minor influence on the suppressor compartment, iv priming led to activation and numerical increase of TS. Finally, the activation status of effector and regulatory cells was tested at various times after antigenic stimulation. Four to five weeks after in vivo priming the system was found to move back into a status similar to that of naive mice, except that a small population of "nonsuppressible" T(K) appeared. PMID- 3158409 TI - Phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation and cytolytic activity in T3+ but not in T3- cloned T lymphocytes requires the involvement of the T3 antigen for signal transmission. AB - Proliferation and the cloning efficiency of T3+ but not T3- T cells are increased by the addition of lectins (phytohemagglutinin; PHA) to the culture medium. In contrast to that of T3+ cloned cell lines, the cytolytic activity of T3- clones is not enhanced by PHA, as we report here. We have investigated the effects of anti-T3 monoclonal antibody (MAb) and PHA on the proliferative capacity and cytolytic activity of various T3+ and T3- clones and cells to determine the possible involvement of the T3 receptor in these processes. We found that, in addition to inhibition of allospecific cytotoxicity, anti-T3 MAb can induce and/or enhance nonspecific cytolytic activity against particular target cells in cloned allospecific cytotoxic T cells (CTL) following preincubation of the effector cells with PHA or anti-T3. This enhancement of cytolytic activity is seen in T3+ but not T3- activated killer (AK) clones or fresh T3- natural killer (NK) cells and depends on the concentrations of anti-T3 MAb or PHA used. We conclude that the T3-Ti antigen-receptor complex is involved in the transmission of the activation signals by anti-T3 and PHA. PMID- 3158410 TI - Induction of suppressor cells by a tumor-derived suppressor factor. AB - Murine fibrosarcomas produce a factor that activates suppressor cells to inhibit expression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). This tumor-derived suppressor factor (TDSF) was partially purified by preparative isoelectric focusing of spent medium and 3 M KCl extracts of cultured methylcholanthrene-induced and spontaneous fibrosarcomas of C3H/He mice. Incubation of 1 micrograms/ml of a fraction, isoelectric pH less than 2.9, with normal syngeneic spleen cells for 1-6 hr at 37 degrees C induced suppressor cells that inhibited the primary DTH response to DNCB upon intraperitoneal transfer to normal C3H/HeJ mice. TDSF was not present in extracts of either syngeneic embryonic fibroblasts or normal spleen cells or in medium conditioned by normal peritoneal exudate cells but was present in 3 M KCl extracts of and the spent medium from four different cultured murine fibrosarcomas. TDSF activity was not restricted at the major histocompatibility complex. The suppressor cells inhibited the efferent limb of the DTH response because (1) hyporesponsive recipients of TDSF-treated spleen cells had splenic effector T cells capable of transferring DTH to DNCB into naive secondary recipients and (2) the ability of Lyt 1+,2- effector Tdth cells to transfer a secondary DTH response to DNCB was inhibited by co-incubation with macrophages or Lyt 1-,2+ T cells treated with TDSF. Preliminary biochemical analysis suggested that TDSF was an RNA- protein complex. Thus, several murine fibrosarcomas produced a soluble factor that activated splenic suppressor cells to depress the immune response to nonneoplastic antigens. These suppressor factors represent a novel group of regulatory molecules which may be ribonucleoprotein complexes. PMID- 3158411 TI - Dental management of patients being treated for oral cancer. PMID- 3158412 TI - [Effects of total glycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii on animal reproductive organs I. Experiments of male rats]. PMID- 3158413 TI - [HLA and leprosy III. Segregation analysis of HLA haplotypes in multicase families of leprosy]. PMID- 3158414 TI - [Hemoglobin J Oxford (alpha 15A(13) Gly----Asp) identified by high performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 3158415 TI - [Submaxillo-cervical scar contracture reconstruction with scapular free skin flaps]. PMID- 3158416 TI - [Studies on the etiological relationship between NA in the CSF in cerebral vascular diseases]. PMID- 3158417 TI - [Ectopic ureteral oriffice (6 case reports)]. PMID- 3158419 TI - [The antiandrogen effect of gossypol and its influence on androgen receptor]. PMID- 3158418 TI - [Changes in the plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha level during canine endotoxic shock]. PMID- 3158420 TI - [Studies on synthesis and chemical structure-radioprotective activity correlation of thiazolidines]. PMID- 3158421 TI - [Goodpasture's syndrome]. PMID- 3158423 TI - [Comparison of the ELA-ABS test employing sera from venous blood and blood from the ear lobes of 79 cases of leprosy]. PMID- 3158424 TI - [Karyotype of Citellus dauricus Brandt]. PMID- 3158422 TI - [Comparison on antihypertensive and cardiac effects of guanadrel and propranolol]. PMID- 3158425 TI - [CT diagnosis of adrenal gland diseases]. PMID- 3158426 TI - [The medicinal herb of Gui-zhou--Blumla balsmifena]. PMID- 3158427 TI - [Regeneration of the natural resources of Chinese liquorice]. PMID- 3158428 TI - [Preliminary study of the fluoride content of some traditional Chinese drugs]. PMID- 3158429 TI - [Effects of Chinese rhubarb and processed rhubarb on experimental gastric ulcer in the rat]. PMID- 3158430 TI - [Experimental study of hibitane as an agent for the disinfection of Chinese drugs]. PMID- 3158431 TI - [The combination of tannins with vitamin B1]. PMID- 3158432 TI - [Preparation of a drug in capsule form for gastric diseases and its use in 204 cases]. PMID- 3158433 TI - [The chemical constituents of Citrus reticulata]. PMID- 3158434 TI - [The active principles of pollens]. PMID- 3158435 TI - [Application of statistical methods in qualitative and quantitative analyses of orange-peel oil]. PMID- 3158436 TI - [Theoretical study of anti-infective effects of antipyretic, blood-activating and circulation stimulating preparations]. PMID- 3158437 TI - [Comparison of the effects of a single dose with the continuous administration of some traditional Chinese drugs on the myocardial uptake of 86Rb in mice]. PMID- 3158438 TI - [Late effect of gossypol treatment in gynecological diseases--a clinical study of 72 cases]. PMID- 3158439 TI - [Clinical study of huang wu san on the treatment of cervical erosion]. PMID- 3158440 TI - [Laparoscopy in the non-operative treatment of ectopic pregnancy with traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine]. PMID- 3158441 TI - [Treatment of threatened abortion with traditional Chinese medicine--a clinical analysis of 62 cases]. PMID- 3158443 TI - [Preliminary study on the acute phase of cor pulmonale with main phlegm-resolving method with cold properties and determination of the treatment based on different symptom complexes--an analysis of 240 cases]. PMID- 3158442 TI - [Effects of shen mai san on the left ventricular performance in patients with deficiency of heart-vital energy in coronary heart disease]. PMID- 3158444 TI - [Relationship between asthenia-syndrome of rheumatism and levels of blood trace elements]. PMID- 3158445 TI - [Effect of ilexonin A on platelet function and ultrastructure]. PMID- 3158446 TI - [Experimental study of the effects of gubenpian I and II in the prevention and treatment of chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 3158447 TI - [Recent developments in pharmacological study and clinical application of Gastrodia elata in China]. PMID- 3158448 TI - Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) and tamoxifen (TMX) plasma levels after simultaneous treatment with 'low' TMX and 'high' MAP doses. AB - Plasma levels of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP), tamoxifen (TMX) and its major metabolites, 4-hydroxy TMX and desmethyl TMX, were determined in five patients with advanced breast cancer following simultaneous MAP (2,000 mg/day) and TMX (20 mg/day) oral therapy. The interindividual variance in MAP plasma levels was wide; the mean plasma levels of both drugs were nearly identical, despite the large difference in the administered doses. PMID- 3158449 TI - Medroxyprogesterone acetate bioavailability after high-dose intraperitoneal administration in advanced cancer. AB - Administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate IP in advanced cancer with peritoneal metastases and ascitic effusion generates considerably higher drug plasma levels than those observed after PO or IM treatment. Comparison of areas under the time-concentration curves (AUC) with reference to the three administration routes indicates that after oral administration only 0.2%-17.4% (mean 5.7%; SD 3.77; 40 patients) of the administered dose is absorbed; after IM treatment a daily absorption of 0.7%-7.7% (mean 2.5%; SD 1.66; 30 patients) of the administered dose per injection site was computed. PMID- 3158451 TI - The aggressive treatment of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3158450 TI - A comparative study of profoundly multiply handicapped children's scores on the Bayley and the Griffiths developmental scales. AB - Twenty-five profoundly multiply handicapped children were tested using both the Bayley and the Griffiths scales by the same psychologist, who did not have prior knowledge of their medical and social histories. Scores obtained from the Griffiths scales were consistently higher than those obtained from the Bayley scales. The intercorrelation between the two tests was high. These results suggest that although the two tests may be used interchangeably, their numerical scores are not equivalent when administered to this population. PMID- 3158452 TI - The effect of cardiac hypertrophy on the coronary collateral circulation. AB - We have previously shown that dogs with renal hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy have larger infarcts (per risk area size) than do control animals. A potential explanation for this is that collateral resistance is higher in these dogs. Paradoxically, previous postmortem studies in human hearts with left ventricular hypertrophy have suggested that coronary collaterals are actually increased in this condition. To test the hypothesis that left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with alterations in coronary collateral resistance, studies were performed in dogs with renal hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy and in patients with aortic valvular disease at the time of cardiac surgery. With an isolated, adenosine-vasodilated, blood-perfused cardiac preparation, collateral and normal zone pressure-flow relationships were established by means of radioactive microspheres in nine dogs with renal hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy and in 17 controls. Collateral resistance calculated from these pressure-flow relationships were similar in both groups (4.0 +/- 0.7 in dogs with renal hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy and 3.9 +/- 0.4 mm Hg/ml/min/100 g in controls). In addition, normal zone resistance was not different between groups (transmural resistances 0.17 +/- 0.01 in controls and 0.18 +/- 0.02 in dogs with renal hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. In five patients with aortic valve disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, and normal coronary arteries and in six patients without left ventricular hypertrophy who had normal left anterior descending coronary arteries, a 7 MHz suction-mounted echo transducer was used to monitor systolic wall thickening during transient occlusions of the left anterior descending artery at the time of cardiac surgery. Because noncollateralized myocardium ceases to contract promptly after coronary occlusion, this approach provides an indirect index of collateral perfusion. Twenty seconds after the onset of coronary occlusion, systolic thickening had markedly decreased in both groups (15 +/- 10% of control values in nonhypertrophied hearts and 10 +/- 10% in hearts with left ventricular hypertrophy; p = NS between groups). Thus the severity of contraction abnormality induced during transient coronary occlusion in these two groups of patients was similar, suggesting that the degree of severity of ischemia was comparable between the two groups. We conclude that collateral resistance is not altered by hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy and that left ventricular hypertrophy in patients is not associated with functional evidence of an enhanced collateral circulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3158454 TI - Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in a normal pediatric population. AB - Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) was measured in serum from 274 children and adolescents aged 1 month to 18.7 years, and in 38 healthy adults. In the pediatric group, which comprised 131 males and 143 females, serum DHAS was markedly age-dependent. Values declined between 1 and 5 months after birth, but were generally less than 4 mumol/L. Between 6 months and 7 years DHAS was less than 0.5 mumol/L in boys and less than 1.0 mumol/L in girls. Above 8 years DHAS progressively increased in both sexes to less than 13 mumol/L in mid-late teenage males and less than 12 mumol/L in females of the same age, similar to the values observed in the adults. In children and adolescents over 10 years, there was considerable overlap in DHAS values between groups of children classified by pubertal stage, resulting from the dissociation between adrenal and gonadal development during normal puberty. PMID- 3158453 TI - Atopic asthma: T lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Atopy is associated with diminished cell-mediated immunity and increased amounts of IgE, both of which may be caused by imbalances of T lymphocyte subsets. We compared the composition of highly purified peripheral-blood T cells of fifteen atopic asthmatics with ten non-atopic control subjects. Each subject was examined on five separate occasions. Indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies was used to define T cell subsets. We examined the proportion of T cells with T3 (most T cells), T4 (helper/inducer), T8 (suppressor/cytotoxic), M1 (natural killer), and Ia (activated T cells) surface antigens. Blood was obtained at the same time of day to eliminate the effects of circadian rhythm. Subjects were taking no medications. We found no difference between the groups of the percentage of T cells with T4, T8, M1, and Ia antigens, nor the ratio of T4+ (helper) to T8+ (suppressor) cells. T3 percent was slightly (94.3 vs 92.5%) higher in the atopic group. We conclude that atopic asthma is not associated with imbalances of peripheral-blood T cell subsets. PMID- 3158455 TI - Automatic enzymatic-fluorimetric determination of ethanol in blood by flow injection analysis. PMID- 3158456 TI - T-lymphocyte subsets in experimental autoimmune uveitis. AB - The dynamic changes of the lymphocyte subsets in the inflamed ocular tissue in Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) were studied by immunohistopathological evaluation at varying intervals after initiation of the disease. Monoclonal antibodies to specific markers of the rat T-helper/inducer lymphocyte (W3/25) and T-suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocyte (OX-8) were used in the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. During the early stages of the disease following the acute inflammatory reaction, the T-helper/inducer lymphocytes are found in larger numbers within the infiltrates, the relative number of the T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells is very low during the initial phases, with a ratio as low as 5 to 1. During the later stages, there is a continuous increase in the relative number of suppressor/cytotoxic cells that reaches the ratio of 1 to 1, or even 1 to 2. It is postulated that the observed changes in the ratios between T-helper/inducer and T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells during the different stages of EAU may reflect the kinetics and regulation of the inflammatory response in autoimmune diseases. PMID- 3158457 TI - Immunological function in osteoporosis. AB - An imbalance of osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption is thought to be responsible for the osteoporotic condition. The pathological events leading to this disorder are, in most instances, uncertain. A defect in the ability of osteoporotic patients to respond to foreign histocompatibility antigens in a mixed leukocyte reaction is reported here. The results further show that this defect is due both to a poorly responding lymphocyte population as well as to a suppressor factor in osteoporotic sera. In addition, there is a significant increase in the relative and absolute numbers of T cells in the patients' peripheral blood, while serum IgG, IgA, and IgM remain within the normal range. These findings are discussed in the light of a common immunopathological pathway regulating osteoclastic activity and leading to the osteoporotic condition. PMID- 3158458 TI - Comparison of the radiosensitivity of interleukin-2 production between species, between tissues, and between young and old individuals. AB - The radiosensitivity of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production was assessed of (a) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of young humans, dogs, and mice (C57BL/6); (b) PBMC and splenic cells of young mice; and (c) PBMC of young and old humans and the splenic cells of young and old mice. The results indicate that (a) large differences in radiosensitivity exist between the PBMC of humans, dogs, and mice (e.g., the radiation doses which resulted in 37% remaining IL-2 activity (D37) of human, dog, and mouse PBMC were 3771, greater than 10,000, and 1398 rads, respectively); (b) only a small difference exists between the PBMC and splenic cells of mice; and (c) no difference exists between the PBMC of young and old humans and between splenic cells of young and old mice. Topological abnormalities, as judged by scanning electron microscopic analysis, could not be detected in dog PBMC after their exposure to 1800 rads, but could be detected in mouse PBMC after their exposure to 400 rads. PMID- 3158459 TI - A high-strength Dacron augmentation for cruciate ligament reconstruction. A two year canine study. AB - Augmentation and substitution grafting was performed in 48 adult canine stifles after anterior cruciate ligament resection. Four surgical reconstructions were performed: substitution in over-the-top fashion intra-articularly with just the Dacron implant; intra-articular substitution with tibial and femoral drill holes; over-the-top substitution intra-articularly and extra-articularly with the Dacron graft augmenting the iliotibial band wraparound transfer; and two-band extra articular Dacron substitution with the Coker modification of the MacIntosh extra articular reconstruction without iliotibial band. Sacrifice was performed at six, 12, 24, and 36 weeks postoperation with each specimen submitted for histologic or tensile strength testing. Four canines incurred infection and were omitted from follow-up study. Examination at six and 12 weeks revealed no graft breakage, stable knees, and no evidence of degenerative change radiographically in stifles. Fibrous ingrowth was present in the intra-articular substitution and augmentation stifles. No loss of ultimate failure strength was noted during failure mode testing. The direct substitution procedure revealed some evidence of cutting-edge disruption in 24-week canines. Beveling the drill holes could eliminate this problem. Follow-up evaluation of the augmentation techniques at 24 weeks revealed increased preservation of the iliotibial band-wrapped graft by a higher degree of fibrous ingrowth. No further loss in tensile strength of the graft was noted; concurrently, no increase in tensile strength was appreciated. The use of high tensile-strength Dacron as an augmentation to biologic transfer appears to offer significant promise as a technique for human application. The study is continuing for long-term durability of the augmentation graft. PMID- 3158460 TI - Medullary thyroid carcinoma with radioiodide transport. Effects of iodine-131 therapy and lithium administration. AB - A 37-year-old woman presented with a neck mass that proved to be medullary thyroid carcinoma by histologic and immunoperoxidase examinations. Serum calcitonin values were greatly elevated (over 100,000 pg/ml). There were widespread metastases in bone and liver. As the peripheral lesions showed only slight response to chemotherapy and local radiation therapy, potential use of radioiodine was studied. The bone lesions showed uptake of both Tc-99m MDP and radioiodide (I-131). Metastatic lesions were similar to the primary tumor in terms of histology, presence of calcitonin, and absence of thyroglobulin. Hence, the patient had a medullary thyroid carcinoma that took up radioiodide in its metastases. Two large oral doses of radioiodide (over 100 mCi each) did not significantly alter the serum calcitonin values, although there was a slight response in the activity of bone lesions. The whole body turnover of radioiodide was rapid (T 1/2 = 0.7 days). Upon oral administration of lithium carbonate, whole-body radioiodide turnover slowed slightly (T 1/2 = 1 day). If this effect were reflected in greater tumor retention of radioiodide (slower release), then agents that block radioiodide egress might have a role to play in therapy. PMID- 3158461 TI - Multiple uptakes of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate in a patient with metastatic osteosarcoma. PMID- 3158462 TI - Persistent activity in the subclavian vein producing an area of abnormal uptake during brain scintigraphy. PMID- 3158463 TI - False-positive planar bone image due to horse shoe kidney. Evaluation with blood pool image and SPECT. PMID- 3158464 TI - Cytofluorographic analysis of lymph nodes from patients with the persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) syndrome. AB - Significant progress has been made in defining the clinical features, immunologic defects, and etiologic agent(s) of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and its related disorders, but much remains to be learned about the natural history and pathogenesis of these diseases. Most immunologic studies to date have used peripheral blood lymphocytes or sections of lymph nodes for analysis. In this study lymph node cell suspensions from 37 patients with the persistent generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome (PGL) were phenotyped with monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry and the results were compared with nodal suspensions from 49 patients with other types of reactive hyperplasia. Several significant differences were noted in the PGL nodes, including a decreased but not reversed T4/T8 ratio (1.44 vs 3.0, P less than 0.0001), a decreased percentage of T4+ lymphocytes, an elevation of T8+ lymphocytes, and increased numbers of activated lymphocytes. The shift in the T4/T8 ratio in PGL nodal suspensions was due primarily to a decrease in T4+ lymphocytes rather than in increase in T8+ cells. The possible specificity of these findings for infection by the AIDS agent and their potential prognostic utility are discussed. PMID- 3158465 TI - Influence of racial background on the distribution of T-cell subsets and Leu 11 positive lymphocytes in healthy blood donors. AB - As part of a study to define the factors affecting the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in healthy blood donors, we have measured lymphocyte surface markers in various racial groups. Markers tested were T3 (all T cells), T4A (T helper cells), T8 (T suppressor cells), and Leu 11 (natural killer cells). Racial groups included three Asian groups (Chinese, Japanese, Other Orientals) and three non-Asian groups (Caucasians, Hispanics, American Blacks). The mean percentage of T3 + cells and T4A + cells were significantly lower in Asians compared with non Asians, while T8 levels did not differ. These changes resulted in a significantly lower mean T4A:T8 ratio in Asians compared with non-Asians. The mean percentage of Leu 11 + cells was higher in Asians compared with non-Asians. Within the Asian group, Chinese had a higher mean Leu 11 + value than the other two Asian groups combined. Further, pairwise comparisons showed that Chinese had a significantly higher mean Leu 11 + value compared with each of the other five racial groups. This increased mean Leu 11 + level in the Chinese group reflected a distinct cluster of high values for about half the subjects. These findings show that racial background should be a major consideration when defining the normal range for lymphocyte subpopulations detected by surface markers. PMID- 3158466 TI - Fibre types, capillary supply and enzyme activities in human intercostal muscles. AB - The relative occurrence of slow twitch (ST) and fast twitch (FTa and FTb) fibres, fibre size, capillary supply, and glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activities in external (EXT) and internal (INT) intercostal muscles was determined on biopsies obtained during thoracotomy from the mid-axillary line in six patients with normal lung function. EXT and INT showed a similar occurrence of ST fibres. Both FTa and FTb fibres were seen in EXT while only FTa fibres were seen in INT. The size of the three fibre types in EXT was similar. In INT the fibre size was larger for FTa than for ST (P less than 0.05). INT appeared to have a larger number of capillaries per fibre than EXT (P less than 0.05). A positive correlation was demonstrated between variables measured during spirometry and fibre size in INT only. No difference in glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activities between EXT and INT was observed. The histochemical characteristics suggest that, in the mid-axillary line, INT are more used than EXT, though this conclusion did not appear to be confirmed by the enzyme activities determined. PMID- 3158468 TI - Clinical complications in the psychiatric dental patient. PMID- 3158467 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 3158469 TI - Scintigraphic detection of a spontaneous mandibular fracture with spontaneous healing: report of a case. PMID- 3158470 TI - Occupational dermatoses from cutting oils. AB - 230 patients with occupational dermatitis in the metallurgic industry were studied with standard patch test (GEIDC) and an oil series. An occupational and clinical questionnaire survey was carried out. Responses to paraphenylenediamine, chrome, cobalt in the standard series, and benzisothiazolone, triethanolamine, and Grotan BK were the main positive results. PMID- 3158472 TI - Irritant dermatitis from tri-N-butyl tin oxide in paint. AB - Organo-tin compounds are known irritants. Tributyl tin oxide is a common biocide in some marine and other paints. An outbreak of irritant contact dermatitis in painters exposed to paints containing tributyl tin oxide is reported. PMID- 3158471 TI - Dermatitis in small-scale metal industries. AB - A survey in 21 small metal factories in Singapore revealed that 6.6% of 751 workers (530 male, 221 female) had a skin disorder on their hands and arms. Dermatitis accounted for 4.5% (34 cases) and follicular rashes for 1% (8 cases). Positive patch tests were found in 23% (8 cases) of those with dermatitis and in 9.8% (21 workers) of a control group without any skin problem. Dermatitis was found to be associated with exposure to solvents. Simultaneous analysis of various exposure/risk factors by multiple logistic regression indicated a significant effect of combined exposure to oils and solvents (interaction). Being over 35 years of age was also a significant risk factor, whereas the role of contact allergy, detected by patch testing, was less pronounced. PMID- 3158474 TI - Occupational dermatitis from Gordolobo (Mullein). PMID- 3158473 TI - Work-related hand eczema in atopics. AB - 549 individuals with severe (group 1), 406 with moderate (group 2) atopic dermatitis in childhood, 222 with respiratory allergy but no atopic dermatitis in childhood (group 3), and 199 without personal or family atopy (group 4) were studied as to occupational health symptoms due to hand eczema. In groups 1, 2 and 4, there was a slightly significant difference (P less than 0.05) between the frequency of hand eczema in individuals with and without occupational exposure to chemicals, water, soil or wear (friction). Despite no such work, 55% in group 1 and 44% in group 2 had developed hand eczema. About 1/4 of the atopics in extreme risk occupations, such as ladies' hairdressers and nursing assistants, had not developed hand eczema. Altogether, 9% in groups 1 and 2 and 3% in group 4 had changed their jobs due to hand eczema, the majority from work with to work without exposure to chemicals, water, soil or wear. Social factors had usually contributed to the change. The healing rate after taking up a new occupation was 15% in group 1, 36% in group 2 and 67% (4 out of 6) in group 4. The majority of the patients whose eczema had not healed had improved in their new occupations. It is claimed that medical reasons for change of occupation should be carefully weighed against social reasons. PMID- 3158475 TI - Chin rest allergy in a violinist. PMID- 3158476 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). AMA Council on Scientific Affairs. PMID- 3158478 TI - Prevalence and clinical peculiarities of essential hypertension in a population living at high altitude. AB - Screening examinations were performed in ethnically related populations of men aged 30-59 years, living in high mountain regions of Tien-Shan and Pamir (2800 3600 m above sea level) and in the lowlands (800-900 m). The incidence of borderline hypertension (BH) and essential hypertension (EH) was statistically significantly higher among the inhabitants of lowland regions: EH was recorded among them in 15.4%, vs. 4.2% among men living at high altitude; BH was present among the male lowland population (LL) in 10.6% vs. 6.0% among highlanders (HL). The main characteristic clinico-functional feature of EH in HL was its frequent association with high-altitude pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. Aldosterone excretion was in HL with EH substantially lower, and sodium excretion higher, than in a comparable group of lowland inhabitants. PMID- 3158477 TI - Oral contraceptives and pituitary response to GnRH: comparative study of progestin-related effects. AB - GnRH double stimulation (2 X 25 micrograms i.v. at a two-hour interval) was used to assess the dynamics of LH and FSH release in 25 healthy women on oral contraceptives, all containing 50 micrograms of ethinylestradiol (EE). The study included two sequential regimens (50 micrograms EE X 7 days, 50 micrograms EE + 0.125 mg desogestrel X 15 days; 50 micrograms EE X 7 days, 50 micrograms EE + 2.5 mg lynestrenol X 15 days) and three combined preparations (biphasic: 50 micrograms EE + 1 mg norethisterone acetate (NETA) X 11 days, 50 micrograms EE + 2 mg NETA X 10 days; monophasic: 50 micrograms EE + 2 mg cyproterone acetate X 21 days; 50 micrograms EE + 2.5 mg lynestrenol X 21 days). The tests were always performed on days 19 to 21 of the first treatment cycle and compared to results obtained in normally cycling controls and in women receiving 50 micrograms EE daily alone. It was found that the EE-induced augmentation of pituitary responsiveness to GnRH is diminished by the addition of progestins. LH and FSH reactions to stimulation were both affected. The degree of inhibition depended not only on the chemical structure and daily dose of the progestin component, but also on the duration of its administration per treatment cycle. PMID- 3158479 TI - Noninvasive blood flow measurement. AB - The difficulties involved in measuring blood flow in vivo have meant that this important clinical measurement has not, as yet, played a major role in the clinical management of patients. Recent developments in the use of noninvasive techniques have now remedied this situation. These techniques are calorimetry, thermography, plethysmography, ultrasound, and nuclear magnetic resonance. They can be subdivided into those techniques which measure volume flow in a limb, organ, or tissue bed and those which are vessel specific. Because of these developments, information is now available on normal blood flow values in specific blood vessels and this can now be used to study blood flow changes in a variety of pathological conditions. PMID- 3158481 TI - Normal and abnormal heart sounds in cardiac diagnosis: Part II. Diastolic sounds. PMID- 3158480 TI - The toxicology of mycotoxins. AB - Mycotoxin problems are one of great concern to health scientists. Toxic fungal metabolites such as aflatoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone and others are contaminated in our environments and induce various diseases. In this manuscript, the author will summarize the recent advances on toxicology of mycotoxins in special references to toxicological characters, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity (mutagenicity and carcinogenicity), metabolism, and biochemical mode of action. Interaction of mycotoxins with cellular components will be reviewed in order to clarify the toxicological characteristics of mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, toxic peptides, and anthraquinoid mycotoxins. PMID- 3158482 TI - Abdominal incisions and their closure. PMID- 3158483 TI - Videomicroscopy: noninvasive assessment of the atherosclerotic microcirculation. PMID- 3158484 TI - Platinum allergy. PMID- 3158485 TI - Contact dermatitis caused by Brucella. AB - We report a case of a distinctive dermatitis in a dairy worker exposed to Brucella abortus while manually delivering an infected calf. The rapid onset of pruritus, the strict limitation of lesions to the upper extremities, and the negative results on growth of culture for microorganisms make direct bacterial infection an untenable cause in this case. Allergic hypersensitivity is the probable mechanism, manifesting itself initially as contact urticaria. Coincidentally our patient also had systemic brucellosis, the symptoms of which antedated and were unrelated to his cutaneous disease. PMID- 3158487 TI - Parent to parent goes national. PMID- 3158490 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis and differential diagnosis of tumors of the superior mediastinum]. PMID- 3158489 TI - [Roentgenologic and two-dimensional sector echocardiographic manifestations of ruptured congenital aortic sinus aneurysm]. PMID- 3158486 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). AB - We report a case of allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) in which immunologic parameters, including lymphocyte subpopulations, were determined in the acute phase of the disease and during remission. Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E and immune complexes were present. A low proportion of suppressor/cytotoxic (T8+) lymphocytes and a high helper/suppressor ratio were seen throughout the course of the disease, although immunoglobulin levels and circulating immune complex levels decreased with therapy. We hypothesize that the deficiency of suppressor cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. PMID- 3158488 TI - [Postural pain in dentists. Round table]. PMID- 3158491 TI - [Radiologic anatomy of the renal artery and its variations among the Chinese]. PMID- 3158492 TI - [Familial progressive diaphyseal dysplasia (Engelmann's disease)]. PMID- 3158493 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of stenosis of the vertebral canal due to fluorosis (a myelographic study in 6 cases)]. PMID- 3158494 TI - [Noise and its measurement in computed tomography]. PMID- 3158495 TI - [Computerized tomography (CT) of esophageal and cardiac carcinoma]. PMID- 3158496 TI - [Real-time ultrasonography and roentgenography in the diagnosis of extrahepatic biliary obstruction]. PMID- 3158497 TI - [Effect of high-dose vitamin C on the formation of experimental renal stones in the rat]. PMID- 3158498 TI - Ultrasound characteristics of myocardial hypertrophy in patients affected by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - A study of the extent and local distribution of the heart muscle hypertrophy affecting the left ventricle and the septum has been performed in 70 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients. According to these signs the patients have been distributed into 5 types. Type I, where the hypertrophy affected only the interventricular septum, appeared in 14.2% of the cases. In type IIa the anterior wall of the ventricle was simultaneously affected (37.1%), in type IIb it was also the lateral wall of the ventricle (30.0%). Type III manifested hypertrophy of the posterior wall (4.3%), type IV affected the apical portion of the left ventricle (8.5% of the patients). Under the heading of type V there figured patients who had a concentric hypertrophy of the whole left ventricle including the septum (5.7%). Among the obstructive forms we revealed especially the types Ia, IIa, IIb. Using the M-mode alone, detection of the hypertrophy was impossible in such patients who had isolated affection of the dorsal part of the septum, the anterolateral or the apical portion of the left ventricle (type Ib, IV and some of the type IIa and IIb patients--a total of 13%). Signs of asymmetrical septal hypertrophy were lacking in 23% of the patients. PMID- 3158499 TI - The relationship between fistulas in Crohn's disease and associated carcinoma. Report of four cases and review of the literature. AB - Patients with carcinoma involving chronic fistulizing Crohn's disease may have developed the malignancy due to chronic epithelial irritation at either end of the fistula tract. Alternatively, the carcinoma may be the cause of the fistula. Examples of each type of relationship are presented in the reports of four patients from our institution and supported by a review of the literature. The diagnoses of such carcinomas are often delayed due to lack of specificity of symptoms and signs. A high index of suspicion and regular surveillance of high risk patients are recommended. PMID- 3158501 TI - Jaundice and rash associated with chlorpropamide. PMID- 3158502 TI - Genomic clones of Aspergillus nidulans containing alcA, the structural gene for alcohol dehydrogenase and alcR, a regulatory gene for ethanol metabolism. AB - Our aim was to obtain from Aspergillus nidulans a genomic bank and then clone a region we expected from earlier genetic mapping to contain two closely linked genes, alcA, the structural gene for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and alcR, a positive trans-acting regulatory gene for ethanol metabolism. The expression of alcA is repressed by carbon catabolites. A genomic restriction fragment characteristic of the alcA-alcR region was identified, cloned in pBR322, and used to select from a genomic bank in lambda EMBL3A three overlapping clones covering 24 kb of DNA. Southern genomic analysis of wild-type, alcA and alcR mutants showed that the mutants contained extra DNA at sites near the center of the cloned DNA and are close together, as expected for alcA and alcR. Transcription from the cloned DNA and hybridization with a clone carrying the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene for ADHI (ADC1) are both confined to the alcA-alcR region. At least one of several species of mature mRNA is about 1 kb, the size required to code for ADH. For all species, carbon catabolite repression overrides control by induction. The overall characteristics of transcription, hybridization to ADC1 and earlier work suggest that alcA consists of a number of exons and/or that the alcA-alcR region represents a cluster of alcA-related genes or sequences. PMID- 3158500 TI - In vitro tests overestimate in vivo neutralizing capacity of antacids in presence of food. AB - The neutralizing capacity of two antacids (Alucol = A, Syntrogel = S), differing both in their composition and theoretical neutralizing capacity, was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro at pH 3.5, 1 ml of A or S neutralizes 3.9 and 1.6 meq of acid, respectively, in an aqueous solution. When tested in vivo in the absence of food during near maximal acid secretion, induced by impromidine, 60 ml of either A or S reduced the 4-hr mean H+ activity by 83% and 65%, respectively. In contrast, the reduction of the 12-hr H+ activity observed after repeated administration of 30-60 ml of A or S at the end of the postprandial hour failed to reach significance with both preparations. This suggests that interaction with food produces a considerable loss of in vivo antacid neutralizing capacity, not quantitatively predictable from in vitro tests. PMID- 3158504 TI - [Surgical treatment of the abnormal origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. The Bland-White-Garland syndrome]. AB - Seven children aged 6 weeks to 9 months with anomalous left coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery and a 46-year-old female patient with pronounced formation of collaterals in Bland-White-Garland syndrome and left right shunt were operated between July 1976 and February 1984. All children had already experienced left ventricular anterior wall infarction. Angiocardiography in 6 cases established the diagnosis, in one case echocardiography had proved sufficient. In the children, close-to-origin ligation of the left coronary artery was done after median sternotomy. One child succumbed postoperatively whereas in all others preoperative cardiac insufficiency regressed satisfactorily. In the adult female close-to-origin cutting of the left coronary artery was followed by aorto-coronary venous bypass. PMID- 3158503 TI - [Valvuloplasty and peripheral angioplasty with coronary dilatation catheters]. AB - The further development of coronary balloon catheters has encouraged their use for dilating small vessels of other organs and stenoses in larger vessels not passable by conventional catheters. The technique was used successfully as a primary intervention in two stenoses of the external carotid artery preparatory to extra-intracranial anastomosis, in four anastomotic stenoses in three patients with Blalock-Taussig anastomosis, and in a subtotal anastomosis of a Cimino shunt. After failed dilatation attempts with a standard dilatation catheter in three patients with four renal artery stenoses and two with subclavian artery stenosis, coronary angioplasty catheters successfully dilated the stenoses. In two infants with severe valval aortic stenosis and left-heart failure, retrograde transluminal balloon dilatation reduced the transvalval gradient from 70 to 30-40 mm Hg. PMID- 3158505 TI - [The mucosal barrier of the stomach. Anatomic structure and function]. PMID- 3158506 TI - [Hypertension after kidney transplantation: chronic rejection or arterial stenosis?]. AB - Chronic transplant rejection with diminished renal function and development of serious hypertension resistant to treatment occurred in a 36-year-old patient 3 years after kidney transplantation. Symptoms of vascular obstruction resulted in detection of advanced stenosis of the external iliac artery prior to branching of the transplant artery. Obstruction disappeared after percutaneous transluminal dilatation of the stenosis, renal function improved, and blood pressure returned to normal with reduced medication. PMID- 3158507 TI - [Thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3158508 TI - Ciclopirox olamine 1% cream. A preliminary review of its antimicrobial activity and therapeutic use. AB - Ciclopirox olamine is a substituted pyridone antimycotic, unrelated to the imidazole derivatives, with activity against a broad spectrum of dermatophytes, yeasts, actinomycetes, molds, other fungi, and a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The efficacy of ciclopirox olamine cream has been demonstrated in open and placebo-controlled studies in patients with superficial dermatophyte or yeast infections, and in double-blind comparative trials in patients with dermatomycoses, topical ciclopirox olamine was comparable to or better than clotrimazole in efficacy and caused a similar number of side effects. Ciclopirox olamine penetrates through fingernails and in preliminary studies has been successfully used in onychomycoses. However, further studies are needed to establish the role of ciclopirox in the treatment of onychomycoses and dermatomycoses relative to that of the more recently introduced antigungal agents. PMID- 3158509 TI - Myosin isoenzyme distribution and Ca+2-activated myosin ATPase activity in the rat heart is influenced by fructose feeding and triiodothyronine. AB - Studies were conducted to determine if the level of cardiac Ca+2-activated myosin ATPase activity and ventricular myosin isoenzyme distribution are influenced by both T3 administration and fructose feeding. Previous studies have shown that in the cardiac ventricle of hypothyroid rats, only myosin V3 is present, and the Ca+2-activated myosin ATPase activity is markedly decreased. Hypothyroid [thyroidectomized (Tx)] rats were fed a diet containing 60% fructose or a regular diet (47% complex carbohydrates) for 4 weeks. Fructose feeding of hypothyroid rats led to a significant increase in Ca+2-activated myosin ATPase activity (Tx regular diet, 0.33 +/- 0.02 mumol Pi/mg protein X min; Tx fructose diet, 0.54 +/- 0.04 mumol Pi/mg protein X min). In addition, myosin V1 was detectable in the heart of fructose-fed Tx rats, but was absent in Tx rats on the regular diet. To determine if fructose had an effect of similar magnitude in animals of different thyroid states, Tx rats were injected with 0.075, 0.150, 0.225, and 0.300 micrograms T3/100 g BW daily and placed on fructose or regular diets. The fructose-induced increase in Ca+2-myosin ATPase activity was between 24-27% in Tx rats receiving 0-0.15 micrograms T3/100 g BW daily. In animals receiving 0.225 and 0.300 micrograms T3/100 g BW daily, fructose feeding did not induce a significant increase in myosin ATPase activity. This is due to the fact that the Ca+2-activated myosin ATPase activities of euthyroid and hyperthyroid animals are not significantly different from each other. In hypothyroid rats receiving a 60% glucose diet, Ca+2-myosin ATPase activity showed a significant 20% increase above the value in regular diet-fed Tx rats. Fructose- and glucose-induced changes in Ca+2-myosin ATPase activity occurred in the absence of changes in thyroid hormone or insulin levels. Our findings may indicate that cardiac carbohydrate consumption influences the predominance of ventricular myosin isoenzymes in the rat heart. PMID- 3158510 TI - D-Trp-6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone inhibits hyperprolactinemia in female rats. AB - The effect of a potent agonistic LHRH analog D-Trp-6-LHRH on the hyperprolactinemia induced by haloperidol was tested in intact and ovariectomized female rats. The administration of D-Trp-6-LHRH at two dose levels (5 and 50 micrograms/day) for 20 days blocked the increase in serum PRL induced by haloperidol in intact as well as ovariectomized rats. The pituitary PRL concentration was also decreased by the administration of the analog in intact, but not ovariectomized, rats. Serum LH levels were significantly increased and the pituitary LH concentration was reduced by D-Trp-6-LHRH in intact rats. In ovariectomized rats, D-Trp-6-LHRH decreased serum as well as pituitary LH levels compared with levels in control rats. Another in vivo model to induce hyperprolactinemia consisted of grafting anterior pituitary glands under the kidney capsule in intact female rats. The administration of D-Trp-6-LHRH for 20 days (50 micrograms/day, sc) to rats bearing pituitary grafts blocked the hyperprolactinemia observed in similar animals injected with the vehicle only. Serum LH levels were increased after the administration of D-Trp-6-LHRH, whereas pituitary LH concentrations were significantly decreased in the rats treated with the analog. These results demonstrate that the LHRH agonist D-Trp-6-LHRH can counteract the hyperprolactinemic effect of haloperidol, and that this effect is not mediated by suppression of ovarian estrogens. The treatment with the analog blocked the hypersecretion of PRL by pituitary grafts, suggesting a direct effect of the analog on the pituitary gland to modulate PRL secretion. PMID- 3158513 TI - Industrial back pain in Europe. PMID- 3158512 TI - Epilepsy, sex hormones, and antiepileptic drugs. AB - Many factors associated with hormone function have an impact on the course of epilepsy. Patients with epilepsy may have disturbances in sexual function such as anovulatory cycles in women and decreased libido and potency in men. Data indicate seizures, especially those arising in the limbic system, may influence the hypothalamic pituitary axis. Antiepileptic drugs also influence sexual function through direct brain effects as well as through induced changes in pharmacokinetics of the sex steroid hormones. Pregnancy has been reported to be a time of increased seizures; however, this has often been associated with low drug levels, for reasons that include inadequate drug dose, possible changes in pharmacokinetics, and noncompliance. Some evidence suggests that hormones affect seizure frequency. Changes in seizures during the menstrual cycle (catamenial epilepsy) have been found in some women: seizures were fewer during the luteal phase but increased when progesterone levels declined. Some improvement in seizure frequency has been shown in pilot studies using medroxyprogesterone acetate, a synthetic progesterone. Current concepts of the interrelationship among epilepsy, sex hormones, and antiepileptic drugs are discussed. PMID- 3158511 TI - Phorbol ester provokes insulin-like effects on glucose transport, amino acid uptake, and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in BC3H-1 cultured myocytes. AB - We evaluated the possibility that diacylglycerol may function as a second messenger in insulin action. To this end, we employed 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) to mimic diacylglycerol in BC3H-1 myocytes. Like insulin, TPA provoked rapid increases in 2-deoxyglucose transport and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in mature insulin-responsive BC3H-1 cultured myocytes. TPA also stimulated amino acid uptake, as evidenced by uptake of alpha methylaminoisobutyric acid; the relatively slow time course of this effect paralleled that of insulin. In contrast, the effects of TPA were not apparent in undifferentiated BC3H-1 myoblasts, which were also unresponsive to insulin. The insulin-like effects in the myocytes appeared to be specific for TPA, the biologically active phorbol diester which activates protein kinase C, as other tested phorbol derivatives were without effect. Effects of maximally effective concentrations of TPA and insulin were nonadditive. Two synthetic diacylglycerols, 1,2-diolien and 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, also provoked insulin-like effects on 2-deoxyglucose transport. Since insulin rapidly increases diacylglycerol levels in these cells, and TPA mimics diacylglycerol biochemically, it is possible that insulin may control cellular processes through changes in diacylglycerol. PMID- 3158514 TI - National statistics in the Netherlands. PMID- 3158515 TI - Psychophysical considerations in permissible loads. PMID- 3158516 TI - Psychophysical acceptability as a constraint in manual working capacity. PMID- 3158517 TI - Teaching aspects. PMID- 3158519 TI - Partial purification and characterization of the calcium-dependent and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C from chick oviduct. AB - The calcium-dependent and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C is partially purified (2000-fold) from chick oviduct cytosol by chromatography on DEAE cellulose, Sephadex G150 and (after affinity binding of the enzyme to phosphatidylserine-diolein liposomes) on Bio-Gel A-0.5m. The enzyme is activated by phosphatidylserine and calcium ions. Diolein increases the affinity of the enzyme for both cofactors and can be replaced by the tumour-promoting phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate. Phosphatidylserine can be replaced by unsaturated long-chain fatty acids. Quercetin and phloretin inhibit the kinase reversibly competing with ATP. Several oviduct proteins are found to be phosphorylated by the partially purified enzyme. One of the substrates, a 78-kDa protein, appears to be ovotransferrin. PMID- 3158518 TI - Rapid effects of phorbol esters on isolated rat adipocytes. Relationship to the action of protein kinase C. AB - Treatment of isolated rat adipocytes with tumor-promoting phorbol esters, caused a fivefold stimulation of glucose oxidation, determined as 14CO2 production from [1-14C]glucose and a fivefold increase in the rate of lipid synthesis from [14C]glucose. Treatment of the cells with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate increased the rate of 86Rb+ uptake into the cells. Also phospholipase C was able to stimulate the rate of glucose oxidation; phospholipase C and 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate stimulated glucose oxidation in a non-synergistic fashion, indicating a common mechanism for their action. Active phorbol esters and, in part, also phospholipase C, caused a translocation of protein kinase C activity from the soluble to the particulate fraction of the adipocytes. This process was rapid, being complete 30 s after the addition of phorbol ester, and resulted in the appearance of the kinase mainly in the mitochondrial and plasma membrane fractions. A comparison between the binding characteristics of adipocyte protein kinase C and the metabolic effects of the phorbol esters on the adipocytes revealed that the dose-response relationship did not correlate with binding of the phorbol esters, but, rather, a correlation was observed between the dose of phorbol esters required for translocation of protein kinase C and the intracellular effects. The results indicate that the intracellular translocation of protein kinase C might be a trigger for the effects of phorbol esters on the adipocyte and that binding of the esters to protein kinase C is not a sufficient event to cause this effect. Furthermore, it is suggested that activation of protein kinase C might be partly the action of hormones, such as insulin, on the fat cells. PMID- 3158520 TI - Tyrosine-311 of a beta chain is the essential residue specifically modified by 4 chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan in bovine heart mitochondrial ATPase. AB - A peptide containing an essential tyrosine residue, modified with the nitrobenzofurazan group, has been purified from bovine heart mitochondrial ATPase. The composition of the peptide indicates that this tyrosine is residue 311 in the sequence of a beta chain. The problem of the instability of the tyrosyl-nitrobenzofurazan bond was overcome by working throughout at relatively acidic pH and using pepsin digestion of the enzyme. PMID- 3158521 TI - The phosphorylation of eukaryotic ribosomal protein S6 by protein kinase C. AB - Purified Ca2+-dependent and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) from bovine brain catalysed the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 when incubated with 40S ribosomal subunits from rat liver or from hamster fibroblasts. The phosphorylation was dependent on Ca2+ and phospholipid, and occurred under ionic conditions similar to those which support protein biosynthesis in vitro. Protein kinase C phosphorylated at least three sites on ribosomal protein S6 when incubated with unphosphorylated ribosomes, and increased the extent of phosphorylation of ribosomes previously phosphorylated predominantly on two sites by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase, converting some molecules to the tetraphosphorylated or pentaphosphorylated form. This indicates that protein kinase C can phosphorylate sites on ribosomal protein S6 other than those phosphorylated by the cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase, and this conclusion was confirmed by analysis of tryptic phosphopeptides. These results strengthen the possibility that protein kinase C might be involved in catalysing the multisite phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in certain circumstances in vivo. PMID- 3158522 TI - Fibrinolysis mediated by tissue plasminogen activator. Disclosure of a kinetic transition. AB - The rate of 'Glu'-plasminogen activation by tissue plasminogen activator was repeatedly determined during a fibrinolytic process. The process was found to proceed via two distinct phases. The kinetics of each phase obeyed Michaelis Menten equation: First phase; kcat about 0.17 s-1 and Km about 1 microM, second phase; kcat about 0.13 s-1 and Km about 0.06 microM. Practically identical results were obtained with one-chain as with two-chain tissue plasminogen activator. Transition from first to second phase occurred when the system had been exposed to a certain degree of plasmin digestion. Electrophoretic analysis demonstrated time correlation between the appearance of minimally degraded fibrin (X-fragments) and the transition. No such correlation was found between transition and conversion of 'Glu'-plasminogen to 'Lys'-plasminogen. The effect can result in an acceleration (up to 13-fold) of the fibrinolytic process once a slight degradation of the fibrin has taken place. In vivo, the effect described may constitute a mechanism that protects a fibrin clot from premature lysis. PMID- 3158523 TI - Stimulation of protein kinase C and insulin release by 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl glycerol. AB - The membrane-accessible diacylglycerol 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG, 5-500 microM) caused a dose-related activation of protein kinase C in rat islet homogenates. In islet cell membranes exposed to [gamma-32P]ATP, OAG (100 microM) stimulated the net production of labelled phosphatidate and inhibited that of labelled phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. In intact islets exposed to 5.6 mM D glucose, OAG (100 microM) decreased the outflow of 86Rb, increased that of 45Ca and caused a rapid stimulation of insulin release. The secretory response to OAG was dose-related in the 50-500 microM range, being most marked, in relative terms, at a glucose concentration close to the threshold value for stimulation of insulin release by this hexose. It was decreased but not abolished in the absence of CaCl2 and presence of EGTA. At variance with tumor-promoting phorbol esters, OAG failed to potentiate insulin release stimulated by a hypoglycaemic sulphonylurea. Although these findings support the view that activation of protein kinase C by diacylglycerol represents an efficient modality for stimulation of insulin release, they suggest that the effect of OAG upon islet function may not be solely attributable to such an activation. PMID- 3158524 TI - Nucleotide sequence and high-level expression of the major Escherichia coli phosphofructokinase. AB - The gene for the major phosphofructokinase enzyme in Escherichia coli, pfkA, has been sequenced. Comparison of the amino acid sequence with other phosphofructokinases showed that this enzyme is related to the Bacillus stearothermophilus and rabbit muscle enzymes, but is different from the second, minor phosphofructokinase found in E. coli. The region which has been sequenced comprises the complete pfkA--tpi interval on the E. coli genetic map. Two other genes have been identified from the nucleotide sequence: a gene for a periplasmic sulphate-binding protein, sbp, and for a membrane-bound enzyme, CDP-diglyceride hydrolase, cdh. This establishes the complete gene arrangement in this region as pfkA-sbp-cdh-tpi. The pfkA gene has been subcloned into a high-copy-number plasmid under the control of a strong, chimaeric promoter which arose as an artefact in the construction of the plasmid gene bank from which the original pfkA recombinant was isolated. A specialised recombinant has been constructed which carries a 1.4 X 10(3)-nucleotide insert containing just the pfkA gene flanked by two HindIII recognition sites providing a simple system for the recloning of this gene into different vectors. This recombinant expresses the enzyme at high levels (40-50% of total cell protein is active, soluble phosphofructokinase). This expression system is now being used to study the enzyme using 'reverse genetics'. PMID- 3158526 TI - Usefulness of radionuclide bone and joint imaging in vibration disease. AB - Bone and joint imaging with 99mTc-MDP was carried out in 17 patients with vibration disease. A comparison was made between bone scintigraphy and radiography in the regions frequently involved: cervical spine, elbow joint, wrist joint, and bone of hand. These results suggested that radiography was superior to scintigraphy in the detection of osseous changes of cervical spine, while scintigraphy was superior to radiography in the case of wrist joint and bone of hand. 99mTc-MDP joint imaging was found to be more sensitive in the detection of involvement in peripheral joints (especially metacarpal, proximal, and distal interphalangeal joints) than radiography, but it is nonspecific. Therefore, regions of increased uptake should be radiographed to determine whether other causative factors exist. PMID- 3158525 TI - Transvenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for diagnostic control following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in patients with renovascular hypertension. AB - Transvenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the kidneys has shown to be useful in detection of renovascular abnormalities in hypertensive patients. In this study DSA was performed in 27 patients (fibrom. dyspl. n = 12, arterioscl. n = 15) following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of renal artery stenosis. Concerning PTA-effect on blood pressure, patients were classified in 3 groups (normal n = 13, improved n = 10, failure n = 4). DSA images and simultaneously determined effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were correlated with response of blood pressure to PTA. The results demonstrate the usefulness and accuracy of transvenous renal DSA-imaging in follow-up studies. Normal ERPF correlated with a completely re-opened renal artery and normal renal parenchyma in DSA in normotensive patients. In patients with persistent or recurrent hypertension (n = 14) ERPF was reduced in 10 cases and DSA demonstrated disorders such as peripheral renal infarction or reduced renal size (n = 6) and re-stenosis (n = 2). PMID- 3158528 TI - Colonic ischaemia and anastomotic healing. AB - The leakage rate of colonic anastomoses may be as high as 13%. A good blood supply is of paramount importance. However tissue perfusion may be at risk in the elderly and in low colorectal anastomoses. We have tested the effect of isoxsuprine, an agent which reduces blood viscosity, and is an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and beta-adrenergic agonist, on the healing process in normal and ischaemic rat colon. Both bursting pressure and hydroxyproline concentration were significantly improved in compromised ischaemic colon in animals treated with isoxsuprine. Isoxsuprine may improve healing in poorly perfused colonic anastomoses. PMID- 3158527 TI - Studies of 99mTc-acylplasmins as agents for thrombus detection. AB - It has been proposed that acylation at the active site of plasmin is able to prevent its reaction with alpha 2-antiplasmin without affecting the fibrin affinity of the enzyme. To investigate the possibility that 99mTc-labelled acylplasmins are improved thrombus-detecting agents, six acylating agents were synthesised and their reaction with plasmin and the labelling of the products with 99mTc studies. Uptake of 99mTc-acylplasmins in an in vitro thrombus model was complicated by precipitation processes, which may in part account for the rapid blood clearance in rabbits and high liver uptake in mice injected with the compounds. Quantitative measurements using an in vivo rabbit thrombus model demonstrated that guanidinobenzoyl-plasmin exhibited nearly a threefold increase in thrombus uptake compared with non-acylated 99mTc-plasmin. The observed uptake is less than that obtained with 125I-fibrinogen at clinically useful time intervals post-injection but represents a significant advantage over the use of 99mTc-plasmin. PMID- 3158529 TI - The large sialoglycoprotein of human lymphocytes. I. Distribution on T and B lineage cells as revealed by a monospecific chicken antibody. AB - Chickens were immunized with highly purified large sialoglycoprotein of human lymphocytes (L-LSGP; gp 150) which was isolated from neuraminidase-treated normal peripheral blood lymphocytes by affinity chromatography to HP-Sepharose and further purified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Antibodies isolated from plasma and egg yolk were highly specific for desialylated L-LSGP (apparent molecular mass approximately 150 kDa). The antigenic sites recognized by the antibodies are probably located in the peptide moiety of the molecule since antibody binding to lymphocytes was not inhibited by a variety of different sugars or abrogated by absorption on various erythrocytes. In immunofluorescence experiments, greater than or equal to 75% of neuraminidase treated thymocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes, virtually all E+ cells and T4+ or T8+ T chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells were stained by anti-gp 150. A small fraction (approximately 10%) of thymocytes and a larger fraction (greater than or equal to 30%) of T CLL cells in some patients were stained before neuraminidase treatment. Thymocytes appear to contain considerably lower amounts of a less sialylated form of L-LSGP than peripheral blood lymphocytes. In contrast to blast cells of 5-day concanavalin A or leucoagglutinin cultures (greater than or equal to 90% anti-gp150+) only about 50% of the blast cells generated in 5-day mixed leukocyte cultures were anti-gp150+. The large majority (greater than or equal to 75%) of both the anti-gp150+ and anti-gp150- cells were T3+ and T11+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3158530 TI - Suppressor T cell induction by soluble OKT3 antibody does not require cross linking of the T3 molecule. AB - The monoclonal antibody OKT3 can induce T suppressor cells of the in vitro antibody response when used at concentrations as low as 10 ng/ml and in cultures containing as few as 4% OKT3-pretreated T cells. These suppressor cells are radioresistant, cyclosporin sensitive and belong to the T4 as well as the T8 subpopulations. In contrast with the mitogenic effect of OKT3 the suppressor activity can be induced and expressed in highly monocyte-depleted cultures. Moreover F(ab')2 fragments of OKT3, although not mitogenic, are able to induce suppressor cells. Thus cross-linking of the T3 molecule (such as that realized when intact OKT3 IgG and monocytes are present) is not required to induce suppressor cells among resting normal T cells. PMID- 3158532 TI - Signal requirements for the in vitro differentiation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL): distinct soluble mediators promote preactivation of CTL-precursors, clonal growth and differentiation into cytotoxic effector cells. AB - We describe here that the requirement of accessory cells for the polyclonal activation of high-density (resting) murine T lymphocytes can be bypassed by soluble mediators present in culture supernatants of concanavalin A (Con A) activated murine spleen cells. Induction of responsiveness is confined to Lyt-2+ T cells; GK 1.5+ T helper cells require signals provided by accessory cells. Using this system the lymphokine signal requirements for the polyclonal activation of Lyt-2+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors could be defined. We show that Con A fails to trigger in Lyt-2+ responder T cells the expression of interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptors and assume that this explains why recombinant (rec) DNA-derived IL 2 fails to induce proliferative responses. Complementation of rec IL 2 with an IL 2 receptor-inducing factor (RIF) induces proliferative responses. RIF alone triggers IL 2 receptor expression in 10-12% of Lyt-2+ T cells exposed to Con A. This lymphokine appears to be distinct from colony stimulating factor 1, IFN-gamma and IL 1. Resting Lyt-2+ T cells cultured in limiting numbers in the presence of Con A, RIF plus rec IL 2 do proliferate, yet exhibit no cytolytic activity. Differentiation into CTL can be brought about by addition of cytotoxic T cell differentiation factor (CTDF). We conclude that the polyclonal activation pathway of CTL from resting CTL precursors can be subdivided into three stages: preactivation, clonal growth and CTL differentiation. Each of these stages appears to be controlled by a distinct lymphokine, RIF, IL 2 and CTDF, respectively. PMID- 3158531 TI - T lymphocyte function during experimental Chagas' disease: production of and response to interleukin 2. AB - Infection of mice with Trypanosoma cruzi results in a severe immunosuppression, accompanied by the appearance of autoimmune symptoms. We have previously shown that proliferation and interleukin 2 production by concanavalin A-stimulated T cells from infected mice is severely depressed. In this study we show that at least two phenomena are responsible for this depression. First, mixing experiments showed the existence, in spleens of infected animals, of adherent, Thy-1-negative and radioresistant suppressor cells. Second, studies of enriched T cell populations and analysis of precursors by limiting dilution showed that the T cell compartment itself was impaired in infected animals: responses of enriched T cells, even when reconstituted with normal accessory cells, reached only 40% of those obtained with normal uninfected mice. PMID- 3158533 TI - Abrogation and reconstitution of nonresponsiveness: a correlation with high network connectivity. AB - A monoclonal antibody (Fd-B2) to ferredoxin, which bears an idiotype scarcely expressed in any of a wide variety of mouse strains, is able to markedly enhance the response to ferredoxin of both high-responder and intermediate-responder strains. A rabbit anti-idiotype serum to Fd-B2 also specifically enhances the response to ferredoxin in such mice. Most remarkably, the treatment of nonresponder T cells by either the idiotype (Fd-B2) plus complement or anti idiotype antiserum plus complement causes them to be responsive in adoptive transfer experiments. The two responding populations (idiotype-treated and anti idiotype-treated) can then be combined to reconstitute the nonresponsive state. When the nonresponders are treated with either Fd-B2 idiotype plus complement or anti-idiotype plus complement and subsequently respond, the idiotype of the anti ferredoxin antibody produced does not bear the Fd-B2 idiotype. We interpret the results as being consistent with a model in which the unresponsive state for ferredoxin is a state of high network connectivity of the ferredoxin-specific T cells. PMID- 3158534 TI - Effects of a synthetic human atrial natriuretic polypeptide on regional blood flow in rats. AB - The effects of alpha-hANP on systemic hemodynamics and regional blood flow were examined in conscious WKY and SHR. An intravenous infusion of alpha-hANP (3 micrograms/kg per min) resulted in a rapid and marked fall of blood pressure and of total peripheral resistance but with no change in cardiac output in both strains. alpha-hANP decreased vascular resistance in most organs and there was a redistribution of renal blood flow. Thus, the acute hypotensive effect of alpha hANP is probably related to a vasodilator action. PMID- 3158535 TI - Alteration of glycosyltransferase activities during proliferation of cultivated arterial endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. AB - The activities of glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of N-linked glycans of glycoproteins in cultivated endothelial and smooth muscle cells have been analysed. Both cell types contain galactosyl-, N-acetylglucosaminyl-, sialyl and fucosyltransferases in decreasing order of activity, but the specific enzyme activity of glycosyltransferases is higher in endothelial cells. These differences are due neither to elevated glycosidase activities nor to enhanced hydrolysis of nucleotide sugars. Cell growth and differentiation have substantial influence on glycosyltransferase expression. Within 5 days after plating of endothelial cells all glycosyltransferase activities increase 3-10-fold. The highest activities are found in confluent cultures. In smooth muscle cells, however, the activities of all transferases except N acetylglucosaminyltransferase, whose activity does not change during the logarithmic growth phase, increase by only 20-50%. Glycosidases are subject to variations but the specific activities are not strictly correlated to cell proliferation. Four days after the beginning of cultivation the activities of alpha-fucosidase and beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase are at a minimum in endothelial cells, whereas the activities of these enzymes attain their maxima in smooth muscle cells. The results suggest that the biosynthesis of glycoproteins in endothelial and smooth muscle cells is subject to growth-dependent regulation. Thus, substantial alterations of the cellular glycoprotein pattern are expected to occur during cell proliferation. PMID- 3158536 TI - Distribution of isomyosin in cultured cardiac myocytes as determined by monoclonal antibodies and adenosine triphosphatase activity. AB - The distribution of isomyosin in cardiac muscle cells in culture has been investigated with monoclonal antibodies and Ca2+-activated myosin ATPase cytochemical staining. With immunofluorescent studies using monoclonal antibodies to isomyosins V1 and V3, the cardiac myocytes grown in a serum-free and thyroxine (T4)-free medium for 7 days contained a predominant population of cells which were strongly reactive to anti-V3 antibody. A small population of myocytes in this culture exhibited weak or no reaction to anti-V3 antibody. When cultures were exposed to anti-V1 antibody, the predominant cardiac myocyte population showed little or no reactivity to this antibody, whereas a small population of the myocytes were strongly reactive. The myosin ATPase staining reaction of the positive myocyte population was significantly less pronounced than that of the V3 negative population which showed a strong reaction. The staining pattern changed dramatically after exposure of cultured myocytes to thyroid hormone for 7 days. Most of the cells were found to react strongly with anti-V1 antibody, while some cells showed little reactivity and some were not stained at all. A small number of cardiac myocytes in this culture showed little or no reactivity to anti-V1 antibody but were strongly reactive to anti-V3 antibody. The predominant anti-V1 positive myocyte population exhibited strong myosin ATPase staining as compared to a smaller V3-positive myocyte population which showed very weak staining. The cytochemical results of ATPase staining in cardiac myocytes agreed well with ATPase activity as determined on pyrophosphate gels containing isomyosin derived from cultured cardiac myocytes with or without T4. This study has demonstrated that cultured myocytes contain a small population of muscle cells which is not responsive to thyroid hormone or to the lack of it. PMID- 3158538 TI - Leishmania mexicana: subcellular distribution of enzymes in amastigotes and promastigotes. AB - Glycosomes and mitochondrial vesicles from cultured promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana mexicana have been separated using isopycnic centrifugation on linear sucrose gradients. Hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.2), glucose phosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9), phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.49) were recovered largely in association with glycosomes (density; 1.215 g/ml). Phosphoglycerate kinase (EC 2.7.2.3) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) had some small glycosomal activity, but were mostly recovered in the soluble fractions. Malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) showed a broad peak corresponding to that of the mitochondrial marker oligomycin-sensitive ATPase (EC 3.6.1.4) (density; 1.190 g/ml). Glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3) and alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) both showed small mitochondrial peaks, but most of the activities were recovered elsewhere on the gradient and in the soluble fractions. The subcellular location of enzymes in L.m. mexicana amastigotes was investigated by following the release of soluble enzymes from digitonin-treated amastigotes. This revealed distinct cytosolic, mitochondrial, and glycosomal compartments. The findings give an insight into the organization and control of L.m. mexicana promastigote and amastigote energy metabolism. PMID- 3158537 TI - Distribution of innervating neurons of masticatory muscle spindles in the rat: an HRP study. AB - Neurons innervating representatives of supramandibular and suprahyoidal muscles of the rat were identified in the mesencephalic and motor nuclei of the trigeminal nerve and in the accessory nuclei of the trigeminal and facial nerves after intramuscular injections of horseradish peroxidase. Labeling was always ipsilateral with respect to the injection site. The supramandibular motoneurons showed a bimodal size distribution, whereas suprahyoidal motoneurons were unimodally distributed. Mesencephalic neurons were labeled only after supramandibular injections. These results indicate a strict ipsilateral organization of muscle spindles supplying sensory and motoneurons. PMID- 3158539 TI - [Interaction of vasoactive substances with phospholipid and erythrocyte membranes]. AB - Experiments with phospholipid liposomes, red cells (or their shades) of man and pigeon, modulated with helium-neon laser, were made to study the effects of papaverine, verapamil, phosphadene, theophylline, nicotinic acid, acetylcholine, adenosine and hydralazine on the intensity of the own fluorescence of the membrane and of the membrane-bound probe, 1,8-AHC, segregation of methylene blue by the red cell mass, red cell resistance to osmotic or UV-induced hemolysis as well as on the activity of Na-, K-, Mg- and Ca-dependent ATPases of the red cell shades of the donor or pigeon. As regards the tests used, the most differentiated membranous effects were discovered for the drugs under study within the concentration range 10(-5)-10(-8) M. The vasoactive agents administered at equimolar end concentrations produced quantitatively and qualitatively inconsistent effects on the parameters tested. They increased (with the exception of acetylcholine) segregation of the cationic dye, reduced the fluorescence intensity of the probe, and elevated the resistance to osmotic and UV-induced hemolysis. The latter circumstance is likely to be determined by activation of membranous ATPases. Exposure to laser potentiated the membrane-stabilizing action of the substances under consideration. PMID- 3158540 TI - [Interaction in vitro of nicotinamide and diethylnicotinamid (cordiamine) with enzymes of the liver microsomal hydoxylating system in the rat]. AB - Addition of nicotinamide and diethylnicotinamide (cordiamine) to rat liver microsomes leads to the formation of an enzyme-substrate Type II complex with cytochrome P-450. Diethylnicotinamide exceeded nicotinamide approximately 2-fold as regards the degree of the affinity to the enzyme. The ability of nicotinamide and diethylnicotinamide to interact with cytochrome P-450 underlies their antagonism with respect to in-vitro metabolism of the substrates of both Type I (amidopyrine) and Type II (aniline) as well as with respect to the competition with CO for the common center of binding on the enzyme. PMID- 3158541 TI - Effects of manno-1-deoxynojirimycin and 2,5-dihydroxymethyl-3,4 dihydroxypyrrolidine on N-linked oligosaccharide processing in intestinal epithelial cells. AB - The effects of manno-1-deoxynojirimycin (ManDJN) and 2,5-dihydroxymethyl-3,4 dihydroxypyrrolidine (DMDP) were compared in IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cells in culture. ManDJN caused complete inhibition of N-linked complex oligosaccharide synthesis whereas a maximum of 80% inhibition was obtained with DMDP. HPLC showed similar endo H-sensitive oligosaccharides for control and treated cells. ManDJN caused a large increase in the levels of labeled Man7-9 GlcNAc and a decrease in Man5GlcNAc. DMDP produced similar changes except that the increase in Man7 9GlcNAc was less pronounced and some increase in glucosylated oligosaccharides was observed. Since the major oligosaccharides found in DMDP-treated cells were non-glucosylated, its primary effect on complex oligosaccharide synthesis is not due to inhibition of glucosidases, in contrast to what has been reported for influenza virus-infected MDCK cells [(1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 12409-12413]. PMID- 3158542 TI - The identification and characterization of alpha-N-acetylated beta-endorphin in the human pituitary gland. AB - By using a radioimmunoassay specific for alpha-N-acetyl beta-endorphin and its C terminally shortened forms, we have established the presence of immunoreactive alpha-N-acetyl endorphin (irNacEP) in extracts of five postmortem human pituitary glands (2.27 +/- 0.64 ng/gland). This immunoreactivity has been further characterized by subjecting these extracts to reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). In all cases the major peaks of irNacEP co migrated with synthetic human standard alpha-N-acetyl alpha-endorphin (Nac alpha EP), alpha-N-acetyl gamma-endorphin (Nac gamma EP) and Nac beta EP. These studies thus represent the initial demonstration that alpha-N-acetylation of beta endorphin and its shorter molecular forms occurs in the human pituitary gland. PMID- 3158543 TI - Intrinsic regulation of substrate fluxes and energy conservation in Ca2+-ATPase. AB - The Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum was utilized to demonstrate an intrinsic regulation of enzyme catalysis, whereby the ratio of forward and reverse flow is altered by the binding of Ca2+ and Pi to the enzyme. This is related to displacement of internal equilibria among intermediate enzyme ligand complexes, independent of the overall equilibrium of the ATP in equilibrium ADP + Pi transformation. A very high energy conservation with a velocity of reverse flow approaching that of forward flow, was obtained by increasing the enzyme affinity for Pi in the presence of Me2SO. PMID- 3158545 TI - [Organization of the work and worktime output of health officer assistants in communal hygiene at the epidemiological health stations in the rural districts of Moldavia]. PMID- 3158544 TI - Salmonella typhimurium rpoB and rpoC genes cloned on lambda phages. AB - Salmonella typhimurium rpoB and rpoC genes, coding for the RNA polymerase subunits beta and beta', respectively, were isolated on lambda phages. Like their E. coli counterparts the two genes are closely linked and probably share a common promoter. The distribution of the target sites for several restriction enzymes, however, shows considerable divergence from the E. coli pattern. PMID- 3158546 TI - [Organization of health inspection of the water supply]. PMID- 3158547 TI - Histoincompatibility in couples with unexplained infertility. AB - Class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DR) antigens were determined in 18 carefully selected couples suffering from unexplained infertility and subsequently compared with 30 normal fertile couples with no history of secondary sterility and with a control group consisting of randomly matched women and men from our laboratory cell panel. No significant differences in the frequencies of HLA antigens were detected between infertile and control groups. The frequency of shared HLA-A, -B, and -DR antigens among members of the couples was similar in all the groups. Finally, the one-way mixed lymphocyte culture showed normal reactivity of both infertile parental pairs in all combinations tested. PMID- 3158548 TI - Use of spinal anesthesia in laparoscopy for in vitro fertilization. AB - Regional anesthesia, in selected cases, is a useful alternative method of providing anesthesia for the retrieval of oocytes when general anesthesia is not indicated. We report our experience in managing anesthesia in four patients in whom we used a subarachnoid block. Ova were obtained in three patients, and two became pregnant and delivered healthy full-term infants. Although the high pregnancy rate was noted with delight, it is clearly a statistical happenstance. It would be interesting, however, to carry out prospective studies to determine whether a relationship between the incidence of pregnancy and anesthetic method might exist. PMID- 3158549 TI - Effect on corpus luteum function of luteal phase administration of a potent gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (nafarelin). AB - Fourteen women with ovulatory menstrual cycles were treated with a superactive agonistic analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (6-D-[2-naphthyl]-alanyl)-GnRH (nafarelin). Eight of the women received a single subcutaneous injection of nafarelin during the luteal phase at a dosage of 2, 5, or 100 micrograms for determination of the dose-response and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the drug. All doses stimulated the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Maximal release was obtained with the 5-micrograms dose (mean +/- standard deviation: delta LH = 297 +/- 75 mIU/ml; delta FSH = 29 +/- 7 mIU/ml), and there was no greater release of gonadotropin with the 100 micrograms dose. To investigate the contraceptive potential of nafarelin as a luteolytic agent, six of the women were treated with 100 micrograms of analog by daily injection for 10 days, beginning either 2 to 3 days or 5 to 7 days after ovulation. Gonadotroph desensitization or down-regulation developed within 24 hours, but serum concentrations of LH and FSH did not fall below normal values during treatment. There were no significant changes in mean estradiol or progesterone concentrations. There also was no change in mean length of the luteal phase (13.7 +/- 2.1 days [control] versus 13.6 +/- 1.4 days). Thus, nafarelin, like other superactive analogs of GnRH, does not appear to be clinically useful as a luteolytic agent in contraceptive development. PMID- 3158550 TI - Effects of progesterone, progestogens, and danazol on the specific cortisol binding in human plasma. AB - The interaction of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) with cortisol binding to corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) was studied with the use of an aqueous two phase system with polyethylene glycol and dextran for equilibrium partition. Competitive binding analyses were also performed for progesterone (P), levonorgestrel, norethisterone, danazol, and tamoxifen. P and danazol were found to exert cortisol displacing activity, whereas MPA and the other tested compounds had no such effect. The glucocorticoid effects reported for MPA could not be explained by displacement. In general, P serum concentrations are lower than those of cortisol, and most binding sites on CBG are occupied by the glucocorticoid. At high P levels displacement and an increase in free cortisol may occur. Danazol displacement of cortisol is hampered by its pronounced albumin binding. In conclusion, none of the tested compounds should increase free and biologically active cortisol during normal clinical treatment. PMID- 3158552 TI - Spironolactone in combination drug therapy for unresponsive hirsutism. AB - Clinical and laboratory evaluations of nine hirsute women were performed for determination the efficacy of combination drug therapy. Each patient had previously failed to respond to single drug therapy with oral contraceptives (OC), dexamethasone (DEX), or spironolactone (S) and received S (100 to 150 mg) and either an OC (mestranol, 0.05 to 0.08 mg, and norethindrone, 1 mg) or DEX (0.5 mg) daily. Total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, free testosterone, and sex-hormone-binding globulin were measured before therapy and 4 to 6 weeks after initiation of therapy and were compared with the responses to OC (n = 7), DEX (n = 8), and S (n = 6). A satisfactory clinical response in the rate of hair growth was defined as at least a doubling of the time interval between adjunctive therapies (electrolysis, shaving, or bleaching) and patient satisfaction with treatment. The responses of the androgenic parameters were not statistically different between combination and single drug therapy. Although all patients noted a subjective improvement in hair growth, eight of nine fulfilled the criteria for a clinical response (P less than 0.001). Transient diuresis was the only side effect noted. The study suggests that combination drug therapy is an efficacious and well-tolerated approach to the management of unresponsive hirsutism. PMID- 3158551 TI - Inhibition of ovulation during discontinuous intranasal luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist dosing in combination with gestagen-induced bleeding. AB - Four groups of eight or nine normal cycling volunteers with regular menstrual cycles had daily blood sampling during two pretreatment, two treatment, and two posttreatment cycles. Intranasal doses of 100, 200, and 300 micrograms of (D Ser[TBU]6-des-Gly-NH210) luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) ethylamide were administered every 12 hours and compared with a 400-micrograms dose given every 24 hours during two periods of 21 days followed by a drug-free interval of 7 days. Five milligrams of medroxyprogesterone acetate was taken orally on days 17 to 21. Serum luteinizing hormone was elevated during the first 2 weeks of treatment, and serum follicle-stimulating hormone was increased only during the first 2 days of treatment. At 100 to 300 micrograms/12 hours serum estradiol was stimulated up to preovulatory levels, whereas at 400 micrograms/24 hours most values were in the early follicular phase range. Ovarian ultrasonography revealed the transient development of preovulatory-like follicles in 8 of 12 studied cycles. Serum progesterone values were less than 2 ng/ml in 57.3%, between 2 and 5 ng/ml in 27.9%, and greater than 5 ng/ml in 14.7%. Withdrawal bleeding occurred during the pause in 97% of treatment cycles. Nine of 13 breakthrough bleedings happened in the groups given 100-micrograms and 300-micrograms/12 hours. Recovery cycles showed slightly prolonged follicular phases with normal luteal phases. No changes were observed in routine laboratory measurements. In conclusion, intermittent administration of appropriate LH-RH agonist dosing in combination with a progestogen would effectively block ovulation while preserving adequate cyclic estradiol secretion and could be an alternative contraceptive approach. PMID- 3158553 TI - Anthropomorphic, hormonal, and psychologic correlates of semen quality in endurance-trained male athletes. AB - Twenty male marathon athletes were evaluated by hormonal profiles, psychologic testing, anthropomorphic indices, and semen evaluations. Although total testosterone (T) was significantly decreased in 14 of 20 subjects, free testosterone (FT) was within the normal range in the majority. Ninety percent of subjects (18 of 20) had normal semen analyses. Running mileage, body fat, T, and FT values did not correlate with semen quality. Two athletes with severe oligospermia were found to have the lowest values of T and FT and significant differences in psychologic stress scores. From these data we conclude that (1) vigorous endurance training may be associated with significantly decreased T values but not sperm production; (2) a subgroup of severely oligospermic athletes may be characterized by an "anorectic" symptom complex including higher stress, increased body leanness, and significantly decreased T levels; (3) male endocrine evaluation should be interpreted within the context of physical activity; and (4) factors other than T levels need to be evaluated when one is formulating a therapy plan in oligospermic male athletes. PMID- 3158554 TI - [Role of hypothalamic adrenoreactive structures in regulating the protective reaction to plasmin]. AB - Electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic dorsomedial and wentromedial nuclei induced an activation of the coagulating system in rats. Plasmin in the vascular bed increased the electrical activity of medial and mamillary hypothalamic neurons, the activity coinciding in time with the maximal level of the blood hypercoagulating response. The activation does nor occur after plasminogen administration. The activation of the blood coagulating system is due to an excessive amount of plasmin in the blood and can be suppressed with sympatholytic agents. The plasmin-induced electrical activity is suppressed with aminasin whereas phentolamine administration does not affect the activity though no activation of coagulating system occurs. Absence of humoral hypercoagulating shift in the blood confirms participation of alpha-adrenoreception in peripheral efferents. The increased efferent sympathetic activity seems to be the cause of plasmin-induced hypercoagulation. PMID- 3158555 TI - Truths about AIDS--dispelling eight common myths. PMID- 3158556 TI - [Allergic contact eczema caused by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate in a chemistry laboratory assistant]. PMID- 3158557 TI - Sebum suppression by benzoylperoxide. AB - Sebum excretion rate (SER) was determined by thin-layer chromatography and based on densitometric data in 9 male and 5 female patients suffering from acne during treatment with 10% benzoylperoxide (BPO). BPO was applied to the forehead (treatment area), whereas gel only was applied to the chest (control area) for 6 weeks. SER decreased in 10/14 subjects, no change was found in 1 subject and 3 patients exhibited an increase in SER. Suppression varied between 12 and 86%. Concomitant SER reduction in control and treatment areas was noted in 6 patients. When treatment and control areas of individual patients were considered for data evaluation, SER decrease was noted in only 4 out of 14 subjects. Similar results were obtained when free fatty acids, triglycerides and squalene data were analyzed. Combined, these data suggest that BPO may affect SER in some patients. The present experiments indicate the importance of adequate controls in such studies. PMID- 3158558 TI - 13-cis-Retinoic acid and tetracycline versus 13-cis-retinoic acid alone in the treatment of nodulocystic acne. AB - A comparative clinical study on therapy of nodulocystic acne with 13-cis-retinoic acid was performed in 32 patients. 20 patients were treated with a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight daily, and 12 with a combined therapy: 0.25 mg/kg/day 13-cis retinoic acid and 0.5 g of tetracycline daily. In both groups the therapy was carried out for 16 weeks. The effect of the combined therapy within 4 months was favourable in 75% of the cases versus 100% in the group treated with larger doses of 13-cis-retinoic acid. Thus, the time needed for clearing was longer in some patients (up to 6 months). However, the incidence of side effects was considerably lower in the group of combined therapy. In acne fulminans 13-cis retinoic acid alone is not effective and should be combined with corticosteroids. PMID- 3158559 TI - Osteoma cutis: a case of probable exacerbation following treatment of severe acne with isotretinoin. AB - A florid case of osteoma cutis was observed following isotretinoin treatment of severe cystic acne in which a few scattered osteomata of the skin were observed prior to the treatment with isotretinoin. PMID- 3158560 TI - Comparison of suppressor cells obtained from tumor-allosensitized adult and untreated neonatal mice. AB - Splenic suppressor cells from neonatal ("intrinsic") and adult (tumor allosensitized) mice were compared. Both are non-antigen specific and non-H-2 restricted, and are Ly1+2+, I-J+, QA2+ T-cells. Injection of adult peritoneal exudate cells into neonates or adult tumor-allosensitized mice decreases suppressor cell activity, suggesting that macrophages may control the activity of both types of suppressor cells. Injection of neonatal or tumor-allosensitized adult spleen into neonatal mice prolongs suppressor cell activity in neonates. Skin allografts survive longer in tumor-allosensitized mice or recipients of tumor-allosensitized spleen cells. We have been unable to prolong skin allograft survival with neonatal spleen cells to survive and proliferate in an "adult" environment, and not to a basic difference between neonatal and adult suppressor cells. The results indicate that the phenotype and several functional properties are similar. This could suggest that the "intrinsic" neonatal and allogeneic tumor-induced adult suppressor cells are derived from the same cell lineage. PMID- 3158561 TI - Biosynthesis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides by microsomes from virus induced Hepatoma MC-29. Dependence of some glycosyl transferases on dolichyl phosphates of different chain length. AB - Dolichyl phosphates of various chain length ranging from 7 to 22 isoprene units were tested as lipid acceptors in transglycosylation reactions in chicken liver and Hepatoma MC-29. In the presence of exogenous dolichyl phosphate mixture (18 and 19 isoprene units) the synthesis of dolichyl pyrophosphate N acetylglucosamine and dolichyl phosphate mannose increased 3 times both in the liver and Hepatoma MC-29, while the formation of dolichyl phosphate glucose was 4 fold higher in the liver and 6-fold higher in Hepatoma MC-29. In liver microsomes the maximum rate of the stimulation of glycosylation was achieved by exogenous dolichyl phosphates, containing 18 and 19 isoprene units, while glycosyl transferases in microsomes from Hepatoma MC-29 did not show any structural requirements to the chain length of dolichyl phosphates. PMID- 3158562 TI - What monoclonal antibodies see at cell surfaces. PMID- 3158563 TI - Effects of the antitussive fominoben (PB89) on hypoxia in chronic obstructive lung disease: comparison with dextromethorphan using a double-blind method. AB - We studied the effects of a non-narcotic, centrally acting antitussive, fominoben (PB89), on hypoxia in sixty patients suffering from chronic obstructive lung diseases (COLD), utilizing a double-blind method and using the antitussive dextromethorphan as a reference drug. By the oral administration of a dose of 2 fominoben tablets (160 mg) three times a day for 2 weeks, a significant increase in arterial O2 pressure (PaO2), a decrease in arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2), and a rise in pH were observed. However, alveolar-arterial O2 difference (A-aDO2) was not improved. On the other hand, after administration of a dose of 2 dextromethorphan tablets (30 mg) three times a day for 2 weeks, no increase in PaO2, no decrease in PaCo2 and no improvement in A-aDO2 were observed, although a rise in pH was seen. The increase in PaO2 by fominoben was marked in COLD with dyspnoea. No improvement of A-aDO2 despite a decrease in PaCO2 suggests that fominoben might increase alveolar ventilation, in spite of its effect as an antitussive, exerting a favourable effect on hypoxia. It is, therefore, speculated that the cough centre and the respiratory centre are capable of functioning independently of each other. PMID- 3158565 TI - Complications in endodontic therapy for the geriatric patient. PMID- 3158566 TI - The Dallas report on laparoscopic complications. PMID- 3158567 TI - Laparoscopy and tuberculous peritonitis. PMID- 3158564 TI - Minilaparotomy and laparoscopy: safe, effective, and widely used. PMID- 3158568 TI - Histochemical and biochemical alterations in skeletal muscles of rats during combined chronic hypoxia and hypokinesia. AB - This investigation was designed to study the long term effect of combined hypokinesia and hypoxia on the skeletal muscle. In the muscles of the hypoxic and hypokinetic animals, serious degenerative changes were found and the fibre type ratio was alterated. The malate dehydrogenase activity was decreased, and both LDH and MDH isoenzymes pattern were alterated. PMID- 3158570 TI - [Mathematical description of the process of blood separation by filtration]. PMID- 3158569 TI - Histochemical and electronmicroscopical analysis of muscle fiber in myotomes of teleost fish (Noemacheilus barbatulus L.). AB - A quantitative histochemical study was carried out on axial musculature of Noemacheilus barbatulus L. On the basis of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and myofibrillar ATP-ase activity, 5 types of muscle fibers are described. When the SDH method was used, red, tonic, intermediate, and white muscle fibers were easily observed. However, histochemical reaction for myofibrillar ATP-ase activity, after alkaline preincubation (pH = 10.4), revealed another type of fiber zone laying between the intermediate and white muscle fiber regions and forming a transitional zone. Electron microscopic observation showed significant differences in sarcomere organization and thickness of myosin filaments of the various muscle fiber types. PMID- 3158571 TI - Huntington's chorea: review and case report. PMID- 3158572 TI - Rec-mediated recombinational activity of two adjacent Chi elements in bacteriophage lambda. PMID- 3158573 TI - Cloning and characterization of the ethanol utilization regulon in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - In Aspergillus nidulans alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) I and aldehyde dehydrogenase (AldDH) are co-inducible by acetaldehyde (Pateman et al., 1983; Sealy-Lewis and Lockington, 1984) and subject to carbon catabolite repression. The structural genes alcA and aldA are unlinked, but alcA is closely linked to the positive control gene alcR. We have obtained cDNA clones of alcA and aldA and genomic clones comprising alcA and alcR. The location of these genes in a genomic clone carrying a 13-kb insert was determined by subcloning and subsequent transformation of previously characterised point mutants. We have characterised at the physical level some large deletions encompassing both linked genes. We have shown that induction affects the level of RNA hybridisible with alcA and aldA probes. Mutations in the regulatory gene alcR, result in non-inducibility of RNA hybridisible with either probe. Thus the induction process is possibly at the level of transcription. Analogous experiments suggest that carbon catabolite repression of alcohol dehydrogenase I is equally at the level of transcription. PMID- 3158574 TI - Comparison of left-end DNA sequences of bacteriophages Mu and D108. AB - The nucleotide sequences of the left ends of bacteriophage Mu DNA and that of its close relative D108 have been determined. The first 100 bp of phages Mu and D108 are substantially the same except for an octanucleotide change from bp 53 to 61 and other small interspersed base-pair changes from bp 61 to 200. The first five host nucleotides preceding the host-phage junction are generally, but not always, G + C-rich and these five nucleotides display no obvious consensus sequence. Both phages Mu and D108 share striking similarity in their end DNA sequences to the end sequences of the newly described Escherichia coli movable genetic element IS30. PMID- 3158575 TI - Beta-endorphin and cold pressor test in the aged. AB - In 8 young and 8 elderly subjects mean values of plasma beta-endorphin were nearly equal under basal conditions. In all subjects the cold pressor test provoked a marked increase of beta-endorphin, which was more evident in young subjects. Mean values of the areas of endorphin modifications were the same in both young and elderly subjects. These results may suggest that after a short term stimulus, such as the cold pressor test, no marked differences in pituitary secretion between young and elderly subjects may be evidenced. PMID- 3158577 TI - [Siccacell therapy in Down's syndrome]. PMID- 3158578 TI - [Positive long-term results of transluminal coronary angioplasty. Individual and political economic cost benefit analysis]. PMID- 3158579 TI - [The family and chronic disease. A review of recent family and medical sociology research with special reference to Huntington chorea]. AB - This review discusses actual results of family-oriented medical sociology in the Federal Republic of Germany in relation to Anglo-American findings. Recently the paradigm of family theory has changed also in the Federal Republic of Germany from considering the family as a disturbing factor, to interpreting it as a system of support. In dealing with the contemporary research, now centered around social support by the family as well as by an extended social network, possible inconsistencies of terms like family dynamics, structure and system are discussed. A final methodological discussion shows that results depend on the methods. This leads to a possible concept of a pattern of research which is better adapted to the family as a whole. PMID- 3158576 TI - Regulation of aldosterone secretion in old rats. AB - The experiments on adult (4-6 months) and old (28-30 months) rats revealed changes that develop in old age in various links of the regulatory system of aldosterone secretion: the hypothalamic-hypophyseal control of mineralocorticoid secretion decreased, and the sensitivity of the glomerular zone to ACTH, vasopressin, and K+, as well as that of the myocardium, skeletal muscle and kidney to aldosterone increased. Changes in tissue sensitivity to aldosterone may be due to the increased affinity of mineralocorticoid receptors to aldosterone in old age. PMID- 3158580 TI - Temporal difference of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in prevention of testicular regression in golden hamsters exposed to short photoperiods: possible involvement of beta-endorphin. AB - Male golden hamsters were exposed to long photoperiod or short photoperiod (SP) and injected with 1 microgram TRH and/or 1 microgram LHRH at lights on (LO) or lights off (LX) for a total of 8 weeks. Both TRH and LHRH prevented testicular regression if they were injected at LO. Injected at LX, TRH did not prevent testicular regression, and LHRH was only partially effective. Plasma beta endorphin levels were significantly higher in groups with atrophic testes. These results indicate that TRH like LHRH can prevent SP-induced testicular regression in hamsters by some unknown mechanism and that beta-endorphin may be involved in the control of testicular function in hamsters. PMID- 3158581 TI - Suppression of T helper function: an immunoregulatory effect of rosette inhibitory factor in hepatitis B virus infection. AB - The potential immunoregulatory effects of rosette inhibitory factor (RIF) were evaluated using lymphocyte subpopulations defined by monoclonal antibodies (OKT4, OKT8). Initial experiments indicated that RIF inhibits E-rosette formation by T cells that provide helper/inducer function (OKT4+). Subsequently, experiments were done to assess if RIF had an inhibitory effect on in vitro immunoglobulin and anti-HBs production. These studies used peripheral blood mononuclear cells from convalescent and hepatitis B-vaccinated donors. The results indicated that RIF-positive low-density lipoprotein, but not RIF-negative low-density lipoprotein, inhibits in vitro production of IgG and IgM by 60 to 70% and totally ablates anti-HBs synthesis. In order to determine if RIF directly affected the proliferative response of T4 lymphocytes, these cells were cultured in the presence of optimal mitogen concentrations and either RIF-positive or RIF negative low-density lipoprotein. The experiments demonstrated that RIF-treated T4 cells are hyporesponsive to pokeweed mitogen and phytohemagglutinin when compared to T4 cells cultured in the absence of RIF. In contrast, B cell proliferation in response to soluble T helper factors was not affected by incubation with RIF. As the production of soluble helper factors by T4 cells was inhibited by exposure to RIF-positive but not RIF-negative low-density lipoprotein, we conclude that the suppressive effect of RIF on immunoglobulin and anti-HBs synthesis is due to inhibition of this specific helper T cell function. PMID- 3158582 TI - Immunologic analysis of mononuclear cells in liver tissues and blood of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. AB - Using monoclonal antibodies to surface antigens, we typed and quantitated the mononuclear cells (MNCs) infiltrating liver tissues from 23 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. The circulating T lymphocytes were also enumerated by flow cytometry in 12 of these patients. In blood, T lymphocytes and especially T8+ cells were decreased. T cells were the major components of MNCs (78%) in portal tracts. Few of these cells were Tac+ or HLA-DR+. Total MNCs (929 +/- 90 vs. 106 +/- 18 in controls) included 11% M1+ and 8% B1+ cells. Aggregates of T4+ and T8+ cells were common in portal areas. The portal T4/T8 ratio of 1.27 +/- 0.1 was significantly (p less than 0.01) different than that around proliferating bile ductules (0.8 +/- 0.1). The T8+ and M5+ cells localized in these areas of proliferation and infiltrated ductal epithelium. On the other hand, T4+ cells accumulated on the parenchymal side of fibrosed tissue and densely surrounded certain intralobular bile ducts. Even late in the disease, variability in the extent of MNCs infiltration, ductal proliferation and periductal fibrosis was seen in each biopsy. PMID- 3158583 TI - What is the role of myocardial mast cells? PMID- 3158584 TI - A week in 'Accollade'. PMID- 3158585 TI - Population genetics of polymorphisms in Cardiff newborn. Relationship between blood group and allozyme heterozygosity and birth weight. AB - A newborn population of Cardiff, Wales, was screened for variation at three blood group loci (ABO, Rhesus and MN) and four enzyme loci (ACP-1, PGM-1, ADA and EST D). Birth weights were measured. There were no significant differences between mean birth weights or birth weight variances for individuals homozygous or heterozygous at the MN and the four enzyme loci. (ABO and Rhesus loci cannot be used in these tests.) There was no significant heterogeneity in contingency tables relating phenotypes at the seven loci to birth weight. There were no significant differences in mean heterozygosity per locus between babies placed in different birth weight categories, ranging from 2.5 to 4.2 kg. The genetic variation screened appears therefore to be neutral with respect to this character. PMID- 3158587 TI - The application of classification techniques to biomedical data, with particular reference to ultrasonic Doppler blood velocity waveforms. PMID- 3158586 TI - PGM1 null allele detected in a Caucasian mother-son pair. AB - The presence of a PGM1 null allele in a mother and her son was deduced from their inconsistent phenotypes. Quantitation studies were done to confirm the half normal enzyme activity. Phenotype analysis of 29 additional genetic markers gave no indication of non-parentage, making non-maternity a very unlikely explanation for the discrepancy. PMID- 3158588 TI - Stimulation of the murine mixed leukocyte reaction: optimal proliferation of responders requires activation of stimulators. AB - In characterizing the functional properties of the stimulators in a mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) we have established that the optimally effective stimulators must themselves be capable of undergoing the early stages of proliferative activation. We treated the stimulators with sublytic doses of a variety of agents (ouabain, ultra-violet radiation, 5-fluorouracil and colchicine), which have been reported to inhibit their stimulating capacity, and then in parallel experiments, we examined the treated cells for their capacity to stimulate allogeneic cells and their ability to respond to Con A. A direct correlation was found between the capacity of mitomycin C-treated splenocytes to stimulate allogeneic cells in an MLR and their ability to undergo changes characteristic of pre-S phase activation, namely, increases in K+ influx and in cell size, in response to Con A. This correlation also existed in the case of metabolically active but immunosuppressed splenocytes from mice undergoing late graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction: these cells did not show increase in potassium influx in response to Con A and their stimulating ability was inhibited. Using fluorescein labelled anti-Thy 1.2 as a marker for T cells in the stimulating population, it was shown that a considerable fraction (up to one third) of the blasts in a mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) originated in the mitomycin C-treated stimulating population. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that induction of maximal proliferation, in MLR, requires that certain of the cells (mainly T cells) of the stimulating population undergo the early stages of activation. PMID- 3158590 TI - Characterization of suppressor T cells in graft-versus-host reactions. AB - Intravenous (i.v.) immunization of mice with irradiated (2000 rads) allogeneic lymphoid cells induces the generation of suppressor T cells. Such suppressor T cells can suppress the anti-host delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) by other T cells during acute Graft-versus-Host reactions in irradiated recipient mice. Suppression of anti-host DTH is detectable at least 50 days after i.v. induction of the state of suppression in the donors. The generation of suppressor T cells in the donors is associated with proliferation. Furthermore, the suppressor T cells need to proliferate further in the irradiated allogeneic hosts in order to display a maximal suppressive effect. Two types of suppressor T cells were found to be required for suppression of the anti-host DTH response: a Lyt-1+2- cell population and a Lyt-1-2+ cell population. PMID- 3158589 TI - Follow-up studies on proliferative T cell responses in cadaveric kidney graft recipients under combined immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporine and prednisone. AB - In 5 recipients of cadaveric renal allografts, we tested the influence of prophylactic immunosuppression with cyclosporine (Cy A) and low dose prednisone on in vitro proliferative T cell responses, T-helper/T-suppressor cell ratios and spontaneous- or lectin-induced unspecific suppressor cell activity and on serum mediated inhibition of proliferative T cell responses. Results revealed a reduction of the overall proliferative T cell responsiveness, which was particularly seen in cultures supplemented with autologous serum and was maximally expressed after approximately 30 days of treatment. This impaired proliferative capacity was neither accompanied by shifts of the T-helper/T suppressor ratios nor by alterations of spontaneous- or lectin-induced suppressor activity. The capacity of patients' plasma to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation was also tested. Results indicated that almost every plasma of Cy A patients was capable of inhibiting mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) responses. The inhibitory capacities of these plasma, however, were not directly correlated with their Cy A content. PMID- 3158591 TI - Abnormalities of B-cell activation and immunoregulation in splenectomized patients. AB - Using a reverse hemolytic plaque assay as the effector system, we studied B lymphocyte function in 12 patients after posttraumatic splenectomy, as well as in 25 normal individuals. The time interval between the splenectomy and the immunological studies varied between 2 days and 7 years. Compared to normal individuals, the splenectomized patients had markedly elevated numbers of spontaneous immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) and severely decreased responses to the polyclonal activator pokeweed mitogen. A tendency towards normalization of these abnormalities, especially the high spontaneous ISC levels, could be observed during the time interval extending up to 7 years after splenectomy. In order to characterize the mechanism responsible for the altered immune response in splenectomized patients, co-culture experiments with unseparated and separated lymphocytes were performed. These revealed an impaired T-helper cell capacity as well as an intrinsic B-cell defect. Marker analyses with monoclonal antibodies revealed normal proportions with the exception of OKT 4 positive and B 1 positive cells that identify T-helper/inducer and peripheral B-cells respectively. We conclude that immune dysfunction in peripheral blood lymphocytes of splenectomized patients involves mainly the B-cell as well as the T helper/inducer-cell population. PMID- 3158592 TI - Antibodies to the T3 antigen complex on human T cells render thymocytes unresponsive to mitogen. AB - Human thymocytes differed from peripheral blood T cells, in that they did not proliferate in response to mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for the T3 antigen complex (UCHT1 and OKT3), even in the presence of T-cell growth factor (IL-2) or with monocytes plus IL-2. The failure to respond was not the result of inhibition by cortical thymocytes, since OKT6-negative cells also did not respond when tested under conditions of limiting dilution. Of more importance, these antibodies rendered human thymocytes unresponsive to the lectin phytohaemagglutinin when added before, during, or immediately after addition of the lectin, an effect which was much more profound than the decrease in mitogenesis caused with blood mononuclear cells. These results illustrate a clear difference between medullary thymocytes and peripheral T cells in their ability to respond to signals transduced through the T3 antigen complex. PMID- 3158593 TI - Fc receptors on mouse neutrophils and eosinophils: antigenic characteristics, isotype specificity and relative cell membrane density measured by flow cytometry. AB - The antigenic characteristics, isotype specificity and density of Fc receptors (FcR) on mouse neutrophils and eosinophils were studied with the aid of the rat monoclonal antibody 2.4 G2 to the mouse macrophage FcR (Unkeless, 1979). This MAb was tested for its reactivity with mouse neutrophil and eosinophil FcR, and for its ability to block the binding of sheep erythrocytes (E) coated with mouse antibodies of different isotypes to granulocytes. The use of E conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) allowed an objective read-out by flow cytometry. The MAb 2.4.G2 reacted with both neutrophil and eosinophil FcR, blocking the binding of E coated with mouse IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b in a dose dependent manner. Blocking was specific, since it did not occur with any of several control MAb of the same rat isotype (IgG2b) as 2.4.G2. Furthermore, the binding to E through the granulocyte receptor for complement (C) was unaffected. IgG3 was unable to promote binding of E to either neutrophils or eosinophils, although it induced high levels of binding to macrophages. These results show that: (i) neutrophil, eosinophil and macrophage FcR have antigenic similarities; (ii) neutrophils and eosinophils, in contrast to macrophages, either have a common FcR for IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b, or have different FcR for these isotypes which share the antigenic determinant recognized by 2.4.G2; (iii) in contrast to macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils lack the FcR for IgG3. The MAb 2.4.G2 was used in an indirect immunofluorescence assay monitored by flow cytometry to measure the relative FcR density on neutrophils and eosinophils. This assay showed that neutrophils possess about 65% more FcR than eosinophils on a cell-for cell basis, providing an explanation for the higher binding of neutrophils to IgG coated particles at suboptimal antibody concentrations. PMID- 3158594 TI - Thymus-derived macrophages in long-term culture: release of IL-1, stimulation of MLR and expression of tumoricidal activity. AB - The present report examines the behaviour of a slowly proliferating pure population of thymus-derived macrophages in long-term culture, regarding their ability to secrete interleukin-1 (IL-1) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), to stimulate a mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR) and to lyse tumour cells in vitro. Following stimulation with LPS, high levels of IL-1 were released to the medium. IL-1 release was significantly augmented by the addition of indomethacin during stimulation. Thymus-derived macrophages constitutively secreted significant levels of PGE2. These cells served as excellent stimulators in a one-way MLR, substantiating the claim that pure populations of macrophages effectively stimulate an allogeneic response in vitro. Thymus-derived macrophages showed tumoricidal activity following activation with either high concentrations of LPS or suboptimal concentrations of LPS and T-cell lymphokine. These findings portray a close interrelationship and reciprocal regulation between thymus-derived macrophages and T lymphocytes. PMID- 3158596 TI - Isolation of labile Fcgamma-receptors from human peripheral blood lymphocytes and production of an antiserum. AB - In this study, we have isolated membranelabile Fcgamma-receptors (i.e. FcgammaR I) from normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes and have produced a rabbit antiserum to this protein. Using this antiserum, we have shown that membrane labile and membrane-stable (i.e. FcgammaR II) Fcgamma-receptors are antigenically distinct and that these two forms of the receptors probably coexist on the same lymphocyte subpopulation. Moreover, it was apparent that lymphocyte FcgammaR Is are distinct from FcgammaRs expressed on other cell types (e.g. monocytes, polymorphs and spermatozoa). Preliminary evidence does suggest, however, that human platelets express an FcgammaR which is antigenically similar to human lymphocyte FcgammaR I. PMID- 3158595 TI - Mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR) in the snake Psammophis sibilans. AB - In spring, spleen cells (SC) derived from outbred adult snakes, Psammophis sibilans, proliferated vigorously in mixed leucocyte cultures (MLC), thus indicating that reptiles are endowed with the subset(s) of lymphocytes capable of recognizing and responding to alloantigens. Sephadex G-10- or nylon wool-adherent latex-ingesting cells provided accessory, rather than stimulatory, function in MLC. The data, based on numerous one- and two-way MLR studies, showed that the snake P. sibilans possesses strong lymphocyte-activating determinants (LAD) which, however, appeared not to be extensively diverse, as mutually or unilaterally unresponsive SC combinations were quite often observed. Furthermore, seasonal investigations revealed that the lymphoproliferative response in MLR is considerable only in some months of spring and autumn, being abrogated during the rest of the year. These findings suggest that antigen sharing and environmental conditions greatly restrict the cell-mediated immune potential of snakes. PMID- 3158597 TI - Erythrocyte enhancement of C3b-mediated phagocytosis by human neutrophils in vitro: a combined effect of the erythrocyte complement receptors CR1 and erythrocyte scavengers to reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM). AB - Human erythrocyte CR1 receptors have been shown to bind complement-fixing immune complexes and, thus, facilitate their elimination from the circulation. The autotoxic effect of free radicals released from phagocytes during phagocytosis can be alleviated by scavengers like catalase and superoxide dismutase. Erythrocytes are known to contain these antioxidants. This study showed that 74% of opsonized yeast particles adhered to human erythrocytes. No difference was seen between yeast opsonized with C3b and yeast opsonized with both IgG and C3b. This adherence was due to the C3b receptor (CR1), as monoclonal antibodies against the CR1 receptor could abrogate the adherence. The yeast phagocytosis by neutrophils was increased by 15% when yeast-C3b was used, and by 34% when yeast IgG/C3b was used in the presence of human red blood cells. The increase of phagocytosis was not seen when rat erythrocytes (lacking CR1) were present. The cytochrome c reduction decreased with the presence of human erythrocytes during phagocytosis, indicating a scavenging effect on the superoxide anions. The addition of scavengers or erythrocyte lysate, instead of erythrocytes, enhanced phagocytosis of yeast-IgG/C3b to at least the same extent as the erythrocytes. These observations suggest that human erythrocytes primarily enhance phagocytosis through the scavenging effect of those erythrocytes which are concurrently attached with the prey through its CR1 receptor, and then attached to the PMN. PMID- 3158598 TI - Oral beta-carotene can increase the number of OKT4+ cells in human blood. AB - Oral doses of beta-carotene (180 mg/day) given for 2 wk to normal human volunteers significantly increased the frequency of OKT4+ (helper/inducer T cells) after 7 days and of OKT3+ (all T cells) after 14 days. The frequency of OKT8+ cells was unaffected, as compared to untreated controls. Plasma levels of beta-carotene were markedly elevated throughout the study. Plasma levels of vitamin A were slightly (but significantly) elevated on days 7 and 14. No toxicity was observed. Oral beta-carotene treatment may be a clinically effective means of enhancing T4+ lymphocytes. PMID- 3158599 TI - Materno-fetal relations. PMID- 3158600 TI - Expression and modulation of common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen by B prolymphocytic leukaemia cells. AB - Leukaemic blood lymphocytes from patients with B prolymphocytic leukaemia express the common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (CALLA). The in vitro incubation of prolymphocytes with leucocyte conditioned medium produced the acquisition of plasma cell morphology, of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins and the simultaneous reduction of CALLA expression. The presence of CALLA appears to be unrelated to different clinical courses. Our report demonstrates that the antigen is present also in relatively mature stages of B lymphocyte differentiation. The blastic appearance of prolymphocytes could suggest that CALLA may be related to active metabolism or function of these cells. PMID- 3158602 TI - Effects of a calcium entry blocker on blood pressure and renal function during angiotensin-induced hypertension. AB - The effects of the calcium entry blocker nitrendipine on blood pressure (BP) and renal hemodynamics were studied in rats with angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension. The ANG II was infused subcutaneously by implanted osmotic minipumps for 14 to 16 days. There was a progressive rise in BP in ANG II-infused rats to levels 58 mm Hg above basal by Day 10, whereas control rats with sham pumps remained normotensive. Nitrendipine or vehicle was administered by gavage to groups of control and hypertensive rats for 5 days, and clearance experiments were performed with the rats under anesthesia on the last day. The prolonged infusion of ANG II increased the renal vascular resistance and reduced the glomerular filtration rate and renal Na+ excretion. At a dose of 3 mg/100 g body weight, nitrendipine had no consistent effects on BP or renal function of control rats. By contrast, in rats with ANG II-induced hypertension, nitrendipine normalized both the BP and the changes in renal vascular resistance and glomerular filtration rate. Despite the fall in BP, nitrendipine caused a marked diuresis and natriuresis. Moreover, nitrendipine increased Na+ excretion of conscious, ANG II-hypertensive rats but not of controls. Thus, nitrendipine appears to be highly effective in reversing ANG II-induced hypertension and Na+ retention. These findings also indicate that the hypertension, renal vasoconstriction, and Na+ retention accompanying prolonged ANG II infusions may be mediated by calcium-dependent mechanisms. PMID- 3158601 TI - Induction of K562 lysis in autologous LGL and dense T cell cocultures. AB - Human large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were cultured with autologous dense T lymphocytes for 0-8 days. The mixed LGL dense T cell cultures had enhanced lytic activity against K562 on day 4, as compared to LGL cultured alone. Dense T cells cultured alone had no K562 lytic activity. The mixed LGL dense T cell cultures were reseparated on day 4 into low dense SRBC- and SRBC+ and into high dense subsets. Both low dense subsets did lyse K562 whereas the high dense subset did not lyse K562. Since the LGL population was the low dense SRBC- cells, the results suggested that the day 4 low dense SRBC+ cytotoxic population in the mixed LGL dense T cell culture originated from noncytotoxic dense T cells. Dense T cells were also separated into OKT8- and OKT8+ subsets and cultured together with LGL for 0-8 days. The LGL dense OKT8- T cell coculture had enhanced K562 lytic activity while the LGL dense OKT8+ T cell coculture had no enhanced lytic activity, as compared to LGL cultured alone. These results indicated that LGL interacted with the dense OKT8- T cells to produce the enhanced K562 lysis. PMID- 3158603 TI - Effects of a calcium channel blocker on cardiac output distribution in conscious hypertensive dogs. AB - The effects of nitrendipine, 8 micrograms/kg/minute, were evaluated in six conscious dogs through measurements of arterial pressure and blood flow in the ascending aorta (cardiac output), mesenteric, renal, and iliac arteries before and after induction of chronic perinephritic hypertension. Before hypertension was induced, nitrendipine reduced mean arterial pressure 19 +/- 2.3% (from 95 +/- 3.2 mm Hg), decreased total peripheral resistance (60 +/- 2.6%), and increased cardiac output (108 +/- 10.5%). These values returned to baseline within 15 to 30 minutes. Nitrendipine caused the greatest increase in blood flow in the iliac bed (98 +/- 9.9%), an intermediate increase in the mesenteric bed (37 +/- 3.7%), and the least increase in the renal bed (7 +/- 2.2%). Two to six weeks after induction of hypertension, administration of nitrendipine elicited significant (p less than 0.01) decreases in mean arterial pressure (32 +/- 2.5% from 151 +/- 4.8 mm Hg) and total peripheral resistance (67 +/- 1.3%) compared with its administration in normotensive dogs, while the increase in cardiac output was not significantly changed (111 +/- 10.9%). These changes in arterial pressure and vascular resistances also were prolonged (i.e., hemodynamics returned to baseline after 75-90 minutes). The increase in iliac (99 +/- 16.8%) and renal (9 +/- 6.1%) blood flows after nitrendipine administration in hypertensive dogs was similar to that found in the normotensive dogs, but mesenteric blood flow doubled (84 +/- 8.4%). Thus, in conscious, hypertensive dogs, nitrendipine administration appears to markedly decrease arterial pressure and total peripheral and regional resistances, which also require more time to return to baseline, but appears to increase blood flow by a greater amount only in the mesenteric bed. PMID- 3158604 TI - Role of hypertension in progressive glomerular immune injury. AB - The relationship between hypertension, ferritin-antiferritin mesangial immune injury (FIC), and progressive glomerular damage was studied in hypertensive (8% NaCl chow) Dahl salt-sensitive rats (DS) and in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The glomeruli of SHR are protected from the increased perfusion pressure that accompanies systemic hypertension by preglomerular vasoconstriction, while the glomeruli of hypertensive DS are not. Blood pressure, serum creatinine levels, urinary protein excretion, and glomerular injury (assessed by semiquantitative morphometric analysis) were determined in 20-week-old SHR and DS with FIC. In addition, half of a group of 20-week-old SHR with FIC were uninephrectomized and progression of glomerular injury was assessed 12 weeks later. Control rats for each of the groups did not receive FIC. Our studies showed that more extensive mesangial expansion and glomerulosclerosis developed in hypertensive DS with FIC than in rats without FIC. Glomerular injury in DS with FIC affected cortical and deep glomeruli. Similarly, hypertensive SHR with FIC had minimal damage in cortical glomeruli. In deep glomeruli of SHR, mesangial expansion was similar to that of DS, but glomerulosclerosis was absent. In SHR, a 50% reduction in renal mass, a maneuver known to decrease preglomerular vasoconstriction, resulted in mesangial expansion similar to that in DS in cortical glomeruli while deep glomeruli developed mesangial expansion as well as glomerulosclerosis. Our results suggest that when hypertension and mesangial immune injury coexist with renal vasodilatation (as occurs in DS with 2 kidneys and in SHR after uninephrectomy), they act synergistically to induce progressive glomerular damage. Similar mechanisms may be operative in hypertensive humans with glomerulonephritis and may condition the rate of progression to renal insufficiency. PMID- 3158607 TI - Effect of atrial natriuretic factor on blood pressure, renin, and aldosterone in Goldblatt hypertension. AB - We previously provided evidence that atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) antagonizes angiotensin II-induced vascular contractility and angiotensin II-stimulated aldosterone production by isolated adrenal cells. To examine the importance of these effects in vivo, synthetic ANF (auriculin A) was administered intravenously (2 micrograms/kg bolus followed by 0.3 microgram/kg/min constant infusion) to conscious, unrestrained two-kidney, one-clip and one-kidney, one-clip rats on normal sodium intake and their sham-operated controls. The one-kidney, one-clip rats also were studied on a sodium-deficient diet. Mean blood pressure, plasma renin activity, and plasma aldosterone levels were measured before and after 60 minute infusion. In saralasin-responsive two-kidney, one-clip rats (n = 10), ANF administration reduced blood pressure (from 187 +/- 11 [SE] to 153 +/- 11 mm Hg; p less than 0.001) and plasma aldosterone levels (from 182 +/- 61 to 125 +/- 60 ng/dl; p less than 0.05), while plasma renin activity increased (from 59 +/- 16 to 82 +/- 20 ng/ml/hr; p less than 0.05). Lesser changes in blood pressure occurred in saralasin-nonresponsive two-kidney, one-clip rats (149 +/- 10 to 143 +/- 8 mm Hg; n = 5), sodium-replete one-kidney, one-clip rats (183 +/- 9 to 170 +/- 11 mm Hg; n = 9), two-kidney sham-operated rats (122 +/- 3 to 115 +/- 4 mm Hg; n = 8), and one-kidney sham-operated rats (117 +/- 3 to 112 +/- 3 mm Hg; n = 7). Control plasma renin and aldosterone levels were not elevated in these latter groups and did not change significantly with ANF administration. In sodium depleted one-kidney, one-clip rats, which became saralasin responsive, ANF administration significantly reduced blood pressure (from 184 +/- 11 to 156 +/- 12 mm Hg; n = 8), plasma aldosterone levels (from 286 +/- 41 to 179 +/- 36 ng/dl), and plasma renin activity (from 69 +/- 19 to 44 +/- 13 ng/ml/hr).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3158608 TI - Management of dental problems in irradiated patients. Background, rationale and treatment. PMID- 3158606 TI - Molecular studies of the atrial natriuretic factor gene. AB - The molecular biology of human atrial natriuretic factor was studied. A cloned rat cDNA probe was used to analyze tissue for the synthesis of atrial natriuretic factor, and the human gene was identified and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence comparison of human and rodent atrial natriuretic factor genes suggests regions that are critical for regulated expression of this cardiac hormone. PMID- 3158609 TI - [Clinical experiments with Hiconcil in dentistry]. PMID- 3158605 TI - Calcium channel blockade with nitrendipine. Effects on sodium homeostasis, the renin-angiotensin system, and the sympathetic nervous system in humans. AB - To test the hypothesis that the antihypertensive effect of the calcium channel blocking drug nitrendipine is in part related to natriuresis, we gave 16 subjects (8 normal, 8 hypertensive) placebo for 8 days followed by nitrendipine titrated to 20 mg twice daily for 8 days. The same diet was prepared for each meal for the entire study. Sodium intake was fixed for each subject and averaged 150 mEq/day. All urine was collected every day. Blood was drawn at the end of the placebo and nitrendipine periods for renin, aldosterone, and norepinephrine values. Nitrendipine caused a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in cumulative sodium excretion of 161 mEq over 7 days in the normal subjects and 103 mEq in hypertensive subjects. Potassium excretion was unaffected. In both hypertensive and normal subjects, plasma renin and plasma norepinephrine activity increased significantly (p less than 0.05), while plasma aldosterone levels did not change. Upright systolic blood pressure decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) in both groups, whereas upright diastolic blood pressure decreased only in hypertensive subjects. We conclude that blood pressure lowering effects of this drug may be in part related to natriuresis and that calcium channel blockade may dissociate plasma renin activity from that of aldosterone. PMID- 3158610 TI - Suppressive effect of secondary Toxoplasma gondii infection on antibody responses in mice. AB - The effect of the secondary infection with Toxoplasma gondii on antibody responses to unrelated antigens was examined in mice. A reinfection with 5 X 10(3) organisms did not affect either primary anti-sheep erythrocyte antibody responses, or anti-dinitrophenol antibody responses to dinitrophenylated keyhole limpet hemocyanin. With an increase of the reinfection dose to 2.5 X 10(4) organisms, suppression of anti-sheep erythrocyte antibody responses was induced. By contrast, in the primary infection, the anti-sheep erythrocyte and anti dinitrophenol antibody responses were markedly suppressed by an injection with only 5 X 10(2) or 1 X 10(3) T. gondii organisms. Plastic-adherent cells of spleens from mice reinfected with 2.5 X 10(4) organisms showed a strong suppressor activity in an in vitro primary anti-sheep erythrocyte antibody response system. These results demonstrate that a nonspecific suppression of antibody responses is provoked by a secondary T. gondii infection, only when mice receive a large number of organisms in the reinfection, and the suppressed antibody responses seem to be caused by an activation of suppressor cells that adhere to plastic. PMID- 3158612 TI - New trends on sweeteners in Japan. AB - Among the sweeteners available, the significance of disaccharides, especially, palatinose is emphasized from the point of view of the essential requirements sugar substitutes have to meet. Palatinose, an enzymatic derivative of sucrose, does not support the growth of cariogenic streptococci. Acid production by oral micro-organisms is quite weak, if at all. Polyglucan is not synthetized by S. mutans from palatinose. Furthermore, palatinose inhibits polyglucan synthesis from sucrose when added to it. Experiments in animals and man also indicate that palatinose is of low or no cariogenicity. Side effects of palatinose have not been recognized. In conclusion, palatinose is currently considered to be a promising sugar substitute. PMID- 3158611 TI - Tissue distribution of ciprofloxacin following oral and intravenous administration. AB - Ciprofloxacin distribution in muscle, subcutaneous fat and perirenal and perivesical fat was studied following a single i.v. bolus injection of 100 mg or oral administration of 500 mg. Levels in muscle were on average 0.75 mg/kg; diffusion into muscle was rapid, whereas elimination from muscle was slow. Similar peak levels were recorded in fatty tissues. However, penetration into subcutaneous fat in particular may be delayed in individual cases. Following an initial lagphase of up to one hour after i.v. injection, ciprofloxacin distribution was as efficient in these patients as in the others. Tissue levels following oral administration were monitored 12 hours after intake. On average, ciprofloxacin concentrations in serum, muscle and perirenal fat were 0.17 mg/l, 0.20 mg/kg and 0.11 mg/kg, respectively. Thus, ciprofloxacin is distributed effectively throughout the extravascular space following i.v. as well as oral administration. PMID- 3158613 TI - N-ras gene activation in the RD human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. AB - A transforming N-ras allele was molecularly cloned from the RD human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, and the nature of its activation studied. Construction of chimeric recombinants between the RD-transforming allele and a normal human allele enabled us to localize the alteration responsible for the activation to the second exon of the N-ras gene. The nucleotide sequence of this exon, when compared to that of the normal allele, revealed a single difference at the 61st amino acid position of the encoded protein; the CAA codon for glutamine in the normal allele was mutated to a CAT codon for histidine in the RD transforming allele. This result is the first description of a histidine replacing glutamine in the 61st position and provides further evidence that the 61st amino acid is one of the preferential sites for N-ras activation. PMID- 3158614 TI - Clonal analysis of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response to autologous human metastatic melanoma. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from a melanoma (Me) patient, previously shown to be unable to react against the autologous tumor (Me 28) after mixed lymphocyte tumor culture (MLTC), were cultured in vitro with the autologous tumor in MLTC and/or with IL-2-containing supernatants. T-cell clones were then obtained by limiting dilution and by micromanipulation. Eleven clones, selected for autologous tumor (Auto-Tu) cytotoxicity, were tested for specificity on a panel of 17 cell cultures of normal and neoplastic origin, revealing a complex spectrum of lytic activities. Three groups of clones could be identified depending on the patterns of cytotoxicity. One clone (B11.12) lysed Me28 and expressed a borderline reactivity against one allogeneic Me. A second group of clones (A4, A4.18, H10, E12, C9) lysed the Auto-Tu and allogeneic Me. The last group of clones (A4.2, A4.3, A4.4, A7, B7) expressed a broader pattern of reactivity with significant cytotoxicity against targets of different histologic origin. Furthermore, the second and third groups of clones lysed K562 while B11.12 did not. The Auto-Tu-restricted reactivity of clone B11.12, confirmed by a further test on 13 allogeneic Me and on autologous IL-2 cultured lymphocytes, suggests the recognition of antigenic structures preferentially expressed on Me28. Blocking studies, performed with monoclonal antibodies (MAb), revealed that an anti-HLA class I MAb (w6/32), but not two anti-DR MAbs (L243, DI.12), could inhibit the cytotoxic activity of clones B11.12 on Me28. A significant blocking effect by w6/32 on Me28 was achieved also with clones A4.4 and H10 but not with clones A4.2, A4.3 and A7. The phenotype of all clones was T3+, T4-, T8+, HNK-I-, suggesting that the anti-tumor effectors were of the T-cell lineage. Taken together, these data indicate that it is possible to isolate anti-tumor CTL clones after MLTC from a PBL population of a metastatic melanoma patient. Furthermore, we present evidence suggesting a role of class-I antigens in the interaction of some cloned effectors with the autologous tumor target. PMID- 3158615 TI - The effects of dopamine agonists on human cardiovascular and sympathetic nervous systems. AB - We gave people four different dopamine agonists and monitored blood pressure, heart rate and circulating catecholamine levels. Bromocriptine decreased blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine levels. Dopamine increased pulse pressure, heart rate and circulating epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) levels. Dopamine agonists tend to diminish blood pressure by inhibiting sympathetic neuronal discharge of NE and, to a lesser extent, by stimulating dopamine vascular receptors. However, dopamine and L-dopa can be converted to NE and E, both of which have pressor effects. The complex cardiovascular effects of dopamine agonists are the result of stimulation of dopamine vascular and neuronal receptors and the production of NE and E. PMID- 3158616 TI - Induction of tumoricidal peritoneal exudate cells by administration of Lactobacillus casei. AB - The lifespan of mice into which Meth A fibrosarcoma was transplanted intraperitoneally (i.p.) was prolonged by i.p. treatment with Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 (LC 9018). Treatment with LC9018 before the tumor inoculation (pre treatment), was more effective than after the tumor inoculation (post-treatment). When tumor cells were inoculated subcutaneously along with peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) harvested from LC 9018-treated mice in the Winn type test, the tumor growth was significantly inhibited, but it was not inhibited by spleen cells. Adherent and nonadherent cells of LC 9018-induced PEC suppressed tumor growth in the Winn type test. PEC induced with LC 9018 showed significant cytolytic activity for 51Cr-labeled Meth A from 3 days to at least 2 weeks after a single injection of LC 9018. The adherent cells lysed tumor cells in the cytolytic test, though nonadherent cells did not show cytolytic activity. These results show that LC 9018 can induce two cell populations possessing the ability to kill tumor cells in vivo. One may be activated macrophages which directly kill tumor cells and the other may be T-lymphocytes which can induce cytotoxic cells. PMID- 3158617 TI - Regulatory role of a tripeptide (TKP) from the second constant domain of immunoglobulin G--I. Inhibition of rat and human macrophage activities. AB - We have previously shown that peptides released after the cleavage of IgG by parasite proteinases were strong inhibitors of the macrophage effector functions against schistosome larvae. The results presented here demonstrate that a single tripeptide set, Thr-Lys-Pro (TKP), inhibits various macrophage functions and can be considered as an immunologically active peptide. Indeed, not only IgE dependent cytotoxicity but also beta-glucuronidase release, chemiluminescence and ILI production were reduced when rat macrophages were previously incubated with TKP or some analogues. Moreover, chemotaxis and IgE-specific receptor expression were inhibited in both rat and human macrophages after treatment with TKP, without affecting the cell viability. The substitution or acetylation of Thr diminished or suppressed the inhibitory effect of TKP. PMID- 3158618 TI - Genetic screening of prospective parents and of workers: some scientific and social issues. AB - Genetic screening programs are based on assumptions and values that reflect the history of racial and social eugenics in the United States and Europe. They stigmatize individuals by shifting the focus from social, economic, and political decisions that affect the health of prospective parents, newborns, and workers to "bad genes," that is, intrapersonal factors that are given the status of "causes" of disease. Prenatal screening, at best, can help the relatively few individuals who know that their future children are at risk for a particular inherited disease or disability; it has little positive value for the average person. Workplace genetic screening has not been shown to reduce occupational disease, but it has led to employment discrimination and has drawn attention away from controlling exposures to toxic chemicals in the workplace. PMID- 3158620 TI - Topical zinc therapy for acne vulgaris. AB - A double-blind study of 30 patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a topically applied 2% zinc sulfate solution for acne therapy. Over a 12-week period, no difference was noted between placebo- and zinc-treated participants in regard to either the number or type of acne lesions. The irritancy due to topically applied zinc was significantly greater (p less than or equal to 0.05) than that due to the placebo. Zinc serum levels were not significantly elevated between the two regimens before, during, or after treatment. This study suggests that topical zinc therapy alone is not of significant benefit in the treatment of acne vulgaris. PMID- 3158622 TI - Influence of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis inhibitors on the repair of sublethal and potentially lethal damage in gamma-irradiated mammalian cells. AB - The influence of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis inhibitors on mammalian cell radiosensitivity was investigated. Four different inhibitors were studied: 3 methoxybenzamide, 3-aminobenzamide, 6-aminonicotinamide and nicotinamide. When exponentially growing or plateau phase cells are incubated before irradiation with non-toxic concentrations of these compounds, their radiosensitivity is enhanced except in the case of nicotinamide. The poly(ADP-ribose) inhibitors do not modify the repair of sublethal damage, but totally suppress the repair of potentially lethal damage, as shown by the survival of CHO cells and of a human osteosarcoma cell line. PMID- 3158621 TI - Beta-endorphin. Biological activity of synthetic analogs with analgesia inhibiting property in rat vas deferens and guinea pig ileum assays. AB - Three synthetic analogs of human beta-endorphin (beta h-EP) (I, [Gln8, Gly31] beta h-EP-Gly-Gly-NH2; II, [Arg9,12,24,28,29]-beta h-EP and III, [Cys11,26, Phe27, Gly31]-beta h-EP), which have been shown to possess potent inhibiting activity to beta h-EP-induced analgesia, were assayed in rat vas deferens and guinea pig ileum bioassay systems. In the rat vas deferens assay, relative potencies of these analogs were beta h-EP, 100; I, 30; II, 40; III, 1, whereas in the guinea pig ileum assay: beta h-EP, 100; I, 184; II, 81; III, 163. From previous studies on their analgesia potency in mice and opiate receptor-binding activity in rat brain membranes, their activity in rat vas deferens correlates well with the analgesic potency and the activity from guinea pig ileum assay shows good correlations with that from the opiate receptor-binding assay. PMID- 3158619 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis. PMID- 3158624 TI - Symptomatic renal artery stenosis superimposed on chronic glomerulonephritis. AB - We present two patients with proved chronic glomerulonephritis who had severe refractory hypertension and chronic renal failure. In both patients normal-sized kidneys were demonstrated in addition to vascular bruits and Grade III hypertensive retinopathy. These findings raised the suspicion of an etiological condition other than chronic glomerulonephritis underlying the hypertension and renal failure. Renal angiography revealed bilateral severe renal artery stenosis. In both cases renal revascularization was followed by a drop in blood pressure to normal or near normal levels. In selected cases with severe hypertension and chronic renal failure, renal artery stenosis should be considered, despite the coexistence of chronic glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3158623 TI - [Mast cells and arachidonic acid metabolism as central effectors of allergic bronchial obstruction]. PMID- 3158625 TI - Cellular immune functions in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: effects of histamine and cimetidine. AB - The possibility of a link between parathyroid hyperfunction and cellular immune functions was studied in primary hyperparathyroid (1 degree HP) patients. The effect of cimetidine on lymphocyte functions in 1 degree HP patients and control subjects was also investigated. Histamine-induced suppressor activity of lymphocytes from 1 degree HP patients was significantly greater than that of controls. Cimetidine addition to both normal and 1 degree HP lymphocyte cultures abolished histamine-induced suppression. In vivo administration of cimetidine, while ineffective towards normal lymphocytes, depressed phytohemagglutinin stimulation of 1 degree HP lymphocytes, indicating possible immunological damage caused by this drug, which is frequently used in the treatment of patients with 1 degree HP. PMID- 3158626 TI - [The Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (keratosis palmoplantaris with periodontopathy). Treatment with etretinate]. AB - The Papillon-Lefevre syndrome is an autosomal recessive gene defect characterized by transgredient palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and periodontopathia leading to loss of the teeth. The syndrome is described in a 28-year-old man who had lost all of his teeth at the age of 10 years. Treatment with etretinate resulted in a marked improvement of the palmar and plantar skin lesions. PMID- 3158627 TI - Energy intake and energy output of Burmese farmers at different seasons. AB - The food intake and energy expenditure of ten farmers aged 18-60 years were studied for 3 d in the monsoon season, and for 6 d in harvest and in summer. The mean daily energy intakes +/- s.e. in the three seasons were 3950 +/- 180 kcal (16.8 +/- 0.8 MJ), 3690 +/- 280 kcal (15.4 +/- 1.15 MJ), and 2900 +/- 180 kcal (12.5 +/- 0.8 MJ), respectively. Energy outputs were 3840 +/- 130 kcal (16.05 +/- 0.5 MJ) in the monsoon, and 2940 +/- 130 kcal (12.3 +/- 0.5 MJ) in harvest and 2230 +/- 80 kcal (9.3 +/- 0.35 MJ) in summer. According to the classification given by FAO/WHO (1973) our Burmese farmers expended energy corresponding to exceptionally active work during the monsoon and harvest, and to light activity during the summer. Nevertheless, their daily intakes at all seasons fulfilled the requirement for very active and exceptionally active work set by FAO/WHO (1973) and also covered their energy expenditure. In contrast to the published values for food consumption of farmers in developing countries, our study shows adequate energy and protein intakes. The study indicates that food intake is not the limiting factor in energy expenditure in this farming community. PMID- 3158629 TI - [Endogenous steroids and otosclerosis]. AB - The level of serum hydrocortisone dehydroepiandrosteron-sulphate and testosterone was measured in 11 men and 11 women suffering from otosclerosis, whose surgically removed stapes were histologically proven to be otosclerotic. In one third of the cases, the serum levels of steroid hormones were abnormal. Men had lower levels of dehydroepiandrosteron-sulphate, i.e. adrenocortical hypofunction, while women had higher levels of testosterone. Significant correlation was not shown with duration of symptoms, age, speech discrimination, pure tone audiogram, air-bone gap and/or any connection between otosclerosis and adrenocortical hypofunction. In patients with normal hormone serum levels the mean values of bone conduction did not exceed 15 dB on the speech frequencies, whereas in patients with otosclerosis, and altered levels of steroid hormone the threshold values on pure tone audiometry showed a hearing loss of 25 dB. PMID- 3158630 TI - Spectinomycin modification. II. Spectinomycin C-3'-modification via diazoketone intermediates. AB - The C-3'-carbonyl group of N-protected spectinomycin is efficiently converted into a diazo group via base treatment of the corresponding tosylhydrazone. The diazo group imparts a new synthetically useful reactivity pattern on the sugar ring of the molecule. The synthesis of C-3'-deoxo-, monohalo- and dihalospectinomycins via the intermediacy of these diazo compounds is described. The reduced bioactivity of these analogs as compared to the parent and the C-3' dihydro and aminospectinomycins established the need for hydrogen bonding groups in this region of the molecule for good activity, further refining the structure activity relationships in the spectinomycin series. PMID- 3158628 TI - Comparison of fiber types in skeletal muscles from ten animal species based on sensitivity of the myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase to acid or copper. AB - Comparisons were made of the histochemical characteristics of skeletal muscle from 10 animal species. The basic comparison was made from the staining patterns for the myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase produced by preincubation of fresh frozen cross-sections of muscle at alkaline pH (10.30) or acid pH (4.60) with those produced by preincubation in media containing Cu2+ at alkaline pH (10.30), near neutral pH (7.40), or acid pH (4.60). Muscle sections were also stained for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase and alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase to provide an indication of the relative oxidative and glycolytic capacity of the different fiber types. Type II fibers in mixed fibered muscles were either very sensitive, moderately sensitive, or relatively insensitive to inactivation of the myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase after acid preincubation. These fibers were identified as type IIA1, IIA2, and IIA3, respectively. The myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase of the type I fibers of these muscles, with the exception of those in mouse muscle, was activated by pretreatment with acid. A separation of animal species was possible based on the stability of the IIA1 fibers to inclusion of Cu2+ in the preincubation medium. For one group of animals (rat, mouse, monkey, man, dog, rabbit, and cow), a reciprocal relationship existed between lability to acid and stability to Cu2+ for type IIA1 and IIA3 fibers, respectively. For the second group of animals (horse, ass, and cat) there was a parallel relationship between lability or stability of the type IIA1 and IIA3 fibers to pretreatment with either acid or Cu2+. PMID- 3158631 TI - Spectinomycin modification. III. Spectinomycin analogs with C-3'-branched chain sugars. AB - A variety of C-3'-branched chain analogs of spectinomycin has been synthesized via the intermediacy of spectinomycin derived diazoketones. In vitro antibacterial assay of these compounds has underscored the importance of hydrogen bonding functional groups in this region of the molecule. The most potent of these analogs had activity greater than or equal to the parent. PMID- 3158632 TI - The in-vitro activity of some antimicrobial agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - A total of 185 strains of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was investigated for sensitivity to five other antimicrobial agents. The vast majority of these strains were also resistant to gentamicin and fusidic acid. Rifampicin was the most active drug tested (MIC90, 0.007 mg/l), while two newer compounds teichomycin and ciprofloxacin showed equal and appreciable activity (MIC90, 0.5 mg/l). PMID- 3158634 TI - Action of abdominal muscles on rib cage in humans. AB - To assess the actions of the rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles on the rib cage in humans, these two muscles were stimulated with surface electrodes in four normal supine subjects at functional residual capacity. Changes in anteroposterior and transverse rib cage diameters and changes in xiphipubic distance were measured with pairs of magnetometers. Stimulation of rectus abdominis produced a marked decrease in the xiphipubic distance and in the anteroposterior diameter, thus making the rib cage more elliptic. In contrast, stimulation of the external oblique caused a decrease in the transverse diameter, making the rib cage more cylindrical. When both muscles were stimulated simultaneously, the resultant rib cage distortion depended on the relative voltage at which each muscle was stimulated. Electromyogram recordings showed that there was no cross contamination or activity of the diaphragm during the muscle stimulations. Transdiaphragmatic pressure increased with the voltage of stimulation, suggesting passive lengthening of the diaphragm. X-ray studies were performed in two subjects and confirmed the main magnetometer findings. These studies thus confirm that the rib cage in humans is more easily distortable than conventionally thought. The abdominal muscles can distort it in either direction depending on which muscles are contracting. PMID- 3158633 TI - Endogenous opioids and ventilatory responses to hypercapnia in normal humans. AB - Though administration of opioid peptides depresses ventilation and ventilatory responsiveness, the role of endogenous opioid peptides in modulating ventilatory responsiveness is not clear. We studied the interaction of endogenous opioids and ventilatory responses in 12 adult male volunteers by relating hypercapnic responsiveness to plasma levels of immunoactive beta-endorphin and by administering the opiate antagonist naloxone. Ventilatory responsiveness to hypercapnia was not altered by pretreatment with naloxone, and this by itself suggests that endogenous opioids have no role in modulating this response. However, there was an inverse relationship between basal levels of immunoactive beta-endorphin in plasma and ventilatory responsiveness to CO2. Furthermore, plasma beta-endorphin levels rose after short-term hypercapnia but only when subjects had been pretreated with naloxone. We conclude that measurement of plasma endorphin levels suggests relationships between endogenous opioid peptides and ventilatory responses to CO2 that are not apparent in studies limited to assessing the effect of naloxone. PMID- 3158636 TI - Assessment of transdiaphragmatic pressure in humans. AB - Maximal force developed by the diaphragm at functional residual capacity is a useful index to establish muscle weakness; however, great disparity in its reproducibility can be observed among reports in the literature. We evaluated five maneuvers to measure maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdimax) in order to establish best reproducibility and value. Thirty-five naive subjects, including 10 normal subjects (group 1), 12 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (group 2), and 13 patients with restrictive pulmonary disease (group 3), were studied. Each subject performed five separate maneuvers in random order that were repeated until reproducible values were obtained. The maneuvers were Mueller with (A) and without mouthpiece (B), abdominal expulsive effort with open glottis (C), two-step (maneuver C combined with Mueller effort) (D), and feedback [two-step with visual feedback of pleural (Ppl) and abdominal (Pab) pressure] (E). The greatest reproducible Pdimax values were obtained with maneuver E (P less than 0.01) (group 1: 180 +/- 14 cmH2O). The second best maneuvers were A, B, and D (group 1: 154 +/- 25 cmH2O). Maneuver C produced the lowest values. For all maneuvers, group 1 produced higher values than groups 2 and 3 (P less than 0.001), which were similar. The Ppl to Pdi ratio was 0.6 in maneuvers A and B, 0.4 in D and E, and 0.2 in C. We conclude that visual feedback of Ppl and Pab helped the subjects to elicit maximal diaphragmatic effort in a reproducible fashion. It is likely that the great variability of values in Pdimax previously reported are the result of inadequate techniques. PMID- 3158635 TI - Failure of cholinergic blockade to prevent bronchodilatation following deep inspiration. AB - The role of the cholinergic system in the phenomenon of bronchodilatation following a deep inspiration (BDFI) in humans has not been well established, although animal studies have suggested the cholinergic system to be of prime importance. We therefore induced cholinergic blockade with inhaled ipratropium bromide (Sch-1000) in five asymptomatic subjects and then assessed whether BDFI had been abolished. Since BDFI is only evident where there is normal or increased bronchomotor tone, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), a noncholinergic bronchoconstrictor, was used to re-establish bronchomotor tone in the presence of cholinergic blockade. At each stage the presence or absence of BDFI was assessed by comparing flows from a partial forced expiratory maneuver started at approximately 60% of vital capacity (Vmaxp) with flows from a forced expiratory maneuver started at lung capacity (Vmaxc). Flows were measured at the last 40% of vital capacity. The percent ratio of Vmaxp/Vmaxc was used as an indicator of BDFI. In the presence of cholinergic blockade and with reestablishment of bronchomotor tone with PGF2 alpha, BDFI could still be demonstrated (Vmaxp/Vmaxc percent ratio: control 110.3 +/- 10.6, after Sch-1000 129.4 +/- 10.3, after Sch 1000 and PGF2 alpha 59.4 +/- 6.9; P = 0.001). We conclude that there is not an essential role for the cholinergic system in the phenomenon of BDFI in healthy individuals. PMID- 3158637 TI - Motor responses to positive-pressure breathing in the developing opossum. AB - The suckling opossum exhibits an expiration-phased discharge in abdominal muscles during positive-pressure breathing (PPB); the response becomes apparent, however, only after the 3rd-5th wk of postnatal life. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the early lack of activation represented a deficiency of segmental outflow to abdominal muscles or whether comparable effects were observed in cranial outflows to muscles of the upper airways due to immaturity of afferent and/or supraspinal pathways. Anesthetized suckling opossums between 15 and 50 days of age were exposed to PPB; electromyogram (EMG) responses in diaphragm and abdominal muscles were measured, along with EMG of larynx dilator muscles and/or upper airway resistance. In animals older than approximately 30 days of age, the onset of PPB was associated with a prolonged expiration-phased EMG activation of larynx dilator muscles and/or decreased upper airway resistance, along with expiratory recruitment of the abdominal muscle EMG. These effects persisted as long as the load was maintained. Younger animals showed only those responses related to the upper airway; in fact, activation of upper airway muscles during PPB could be associated with suppression of the abdominal motor outflow. After unilateral vagotomy, abdominal and upper airway motor responses to PPB were reduced. The balance between PPB-induced excitatory and inhibitory or disfacilitory influences from the supraspinal level on abdominal motoneurons and/or spinal processing of information from higher centers may shift toward net excitation as the opossum matures. PMID- 3158638 TI - Chest wall distortion during resistive inspiratory loading. AB - We studied six (1 naive and 5 experienced) subjects breathing with added inspiratory resistive loads while we recorded chest wall motion (anteroposterior rib cage, anteroposterior abdomen, and lateral rib cage) and tidal volumes. In the five experienced subjects, transdiaphragmatic and pleural pressures, and electromyographs of the sternocleidomastoid and abdominal muscles were also measured. Subjects inspired against the resistor spontaneously and then with specific instructions to reach a target pleural or transdiaphragmatic pressure or to maximize selected electromyographic activities. Depending on the instructions, a wide variety of patterns of inspiratory motion resulted. Although the forces leading to a more elliptical or circular configuration of the chest wall can be identified, it is difficult to analyze or predict the configurational results based on insertional and pressure-related contributions of a few individual respiratory muscles. Although overall chest wall respiratory motion cannot be readily inferred from the electromyographic and pressure data we recorded, it is clear that responses to loading can vary substantially within and between individuals. Undoubtedly, the underlying mechanism for the distortional changes with loading are complex and perhaps many are behavioral rather than automatic and/or compensatory. PMID- 3158639 TI - Bone and muscle atrophy with suspension of the rat. AB - A modification of the Morey tail suspension model was used to determine atrophic responses of rat bone and muscle with 14-90 days unloading of the hindlimbs. Bone uptake of methylene diphosphonate followed a phasic pattern similar to changes in bone formation rate in immobilized dogs and rats. Increased uptake at 60 days (P = 0.01, femur) indicated an increased bone metabolism. Regional densitometry demonstrated a preferential loss of bone mineral in the trabecular mass (P = 0.02) at 30 days and in the cortical shaft by 90 days (P = 0.03). Maximal muscle atrophy occurred within 14-30 days. The gastrocnemius was less severely affected by suspension than by immobilization techniques, whereas the soleus atrophied (by weight) similarly, suggesting that muscle atrophy in the suspension model is distinctly different from immobilization atrophy. One significant response of skeletal muscle to suspension was an altered blood distribution. Muscle blood distribution changes reflect the hypodynamic state of muscle that continues to contract but probably at an altered rate in response to altered functional demands. PMID- 3158640 TI - Rib cage distortion during voluntary and involuntary breathing acts. AB - We examined chest wall and rib cage configuration in seven normal subjects during a variety of breathing maneuvers. Magnetometers were used to measure lower rib cage anteroposterior, lower rib cage transverse, upper rib cage anteroposterior, and abdomen anteroposterior diameters. Changes of these diameters were recorded during voluntary maneuvers, rebreathing, reading, and "natural" breathing. Relative motion of the rib cage and abdomen was displayed with the rib cage represented by the product of its lower anteroposterior and transverse diameters. During spontaneous breathing the rib cage and chest wall are near their relaxation configuration. During chemically driven ventilation the chest wall and rib cage progressively depart from this configuration. Much greater distortions of the chest wall and rib cage occurred during some voluntary maneuvers. Additionally, esophageal pressure and gastric pressure were measured during voluntary distortion of the rib cage. Substantial changes in lower rib cage shape occurred during voluntary maneuvers when compared with spontaneous breaths at the same transmural pressure. We conclude that the unitary behavior of the rib cage in normal subjects requires muscle coordination. PMID- 3158641 TI - Heat shock response of Neurospora crassa: protein synthesis and induced thermotolerance. AB - At elevated temperatures, germinating conidiospores of Neurospora crassa discontinue synthesis of most proteins and initiate synthesis of three dominant heat shock proteins of 98,000, 83,000, and 67,000 Mr and one minor heat shock protein of 30,000 Mr. Postemergent spores produce, in addition to these, a fourth major heat shock protein of 38,000 Mr and a minor heat shock protein of 34,000 Mr. The three heat shock proteins of lower molecular weight are associated with mitochondria. This exclusive synthesis of heat shock proteins is transient, and after 60 min of exposure to high temperatures, restoration of the normal pattern of protein synthesis is initiated. Despite the transiency of the heat shock response, spores incubated continuously at 45 degrees C germinate very slowly and do not grow beyond the formation of a germ tube. The temperature optimum for heat shock protein synthesis is 45 degrees C, but spores incubated at other temperatures from 40 through 47 degrees C synthesize heat shock proteins at lower rates. Survival was high for germinating spores exposed to temperatures up to 47 degrees C, but viability declined markedly at higher temperatures. Germinating spores survived exposure to the lethal temperature of 50 degrees C when they had been preexposed to 45 degrees C; this thermal protection depends on the synthesis of heat shock proteins, since protection was abolished by cycloheximide. During the heat shock response mitochondria also discontinue normal protein synthesis; synthesis of the mitochondria-encoded subunits of cytochrome c oxidase was as depressed as that of the nucleus-encoded subunits. PMID- 3158643 TI - Biochemical correlates of hypnoanalgesia in arthritic pain patients. AB - Self-reported levels of pain, anxiety, and depression, and plasma levels of beta endorphin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin were measured in 19 arthritic pain patients before and after hypnosis designed to produce pain reduction. Correlations were found between levels of pain, anxiety, and depression. Anxiety and depression were negatively related to plasma norepinephrine levels. Dopamine levels were positively correlated with both depression and epinephrine levels and negatively correlated with levels of serotonin. Serotonin levels were positively correlated with levels of beta endorphin and negatively correlated to epinephrine. Following hypnotherapy, there were clinically and statistically significant decreases in pain, anxiety, and depression and increases in beta-endorphin-like immunoreactive material. PMID- 3158642 TI - Mutation-dependent suppression of recB21 recC22 by a region cloned from the Rac prophage of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Using pBR322 as a vector, we cloned a 5.95-kilobase fragment of the Rac prophage together with 1.70 kilobases of a flanking Escherichia coli chromosome sequence. The resulting plasmid (pRAC1) was unable to suppress the mitomycin and UV sensitivity and recombination deficiency of a recB21 recC22 strain. Five spontaneous mitomycin-resistant derivatives contained deletion mutant plasmids. These plasmids also suppressed the UV sensitivity and recombination deficiency of their recB21 recC22 hosts. All five deletions were contained within a 2.45 kilobase EcoRI-to-HindIII segment of the plasmid. By substituting the corresponding 2.45-kilobase EcoRI-toHindIII fragments of Rac prophage isolated from sbcA+, sbcA6, and sbcA23 strains for the shortened segment of one of the deletion mutant plasmids, we were able to show that sbcA mutations map in this region. Also in this region is the site (or closely linked sites) at which previous studies had shown that insertion of Tn5 and IS50 leads to suppression of recB21 recC22. The sequence in this region that must be altered or circumvented to allow suppression is discussed. Also presented are data correlating the expression of nuclease activity with the degree of suppression. PMID- 3158644 TI - Isolation of bovine platelet cationic proteins which inhibit the surface-mediated activation of factor XII and prekallikrein. AB - A possible role of bovine platelets in the surface-mediated activation of Factor XII and prekallikrein was studied, using the contact system reconstituted with the purified proteins from bovine plasma. The washed platelets before and after aggregation by ADP, thrombin or collagen did not show any ability to trigger or accelerate the activation of Factor XII and prekallikrein. On the contrary, these aggregates showed a potent inhibitory activity on the activation of those zymogens triggered by kaolin, amylose sulfate and sulfatide. The inhibitory substances from the supernatant of the thrombin-induced aggregates were separated into two major fractions, a low affinity fraction and a high affinity fraction, on a heparin-Sepharose column. The high affinity protein was identified as platelet factor 4, based on the amino acid composition. From the low affinity fraction, a beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG)-like substance and three kinds of unknown proteins, named LA1, LA2, and LA3, were isolated by gel-filtration on a column of Sephadex G-100 or Sephadex G-75 followed by chromatography on a column of Mono S. The molecular weights of LA1, LA2, and LA3 were estimated to be 35,000, 26,000, and 11,000, respectively, on SDS-PAGE. LA2 was identified as a carbohydrate-less LA1, as judged from the amino acid composition and carbohydrate content. The inhibitory activities of these five cationic proteins on the activation of Factor XII and prekallikrein mediated with amylose sulfate, sulfatide and kaolin were different from each other. In the case of kaolin mediated activation, LA3 was the most potent inhibitor, while platelet factor 4 and beta-TG-like substance did not show any significant inhibitory activity. Moreover, the inhibitory activities of all the cationic proteins were not correlated with their anti-heparin activities. Since these proteins were rapidly liberated from platelets by the action of the stimulants, the present results demonstrate a negative role of platelets in the surface-mediated activation of Factor XII and prekallikrein. PMID- 3158645 TI - Properties of porcine platelet myosin. I. Similarity between vertebrate smooth muscle and nonmuscle myosins in their binding properties with F-actin. AB - The mechanism of the ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] reaction of porcine platelet myosin and the binding properties of platelet myosin with rabbit skeletal muscle F-actin were investigated. The kinetic properties of the platelet myosin ATPase reaction, that is, the rate, the extent of fluorescence enhancement of myosin, the size of the initial P1 burst of myosin, and the amount of nucleotides bound to myosin during the ATPase reaction, were very similar to those found for other myosins. Strong binding of platelet myosin with rabbit skeletal muscle F-actin, as found for smooth muscle myosin, was suggested by the following results. The rate of the ATP-induced dissociation of hybrid actomyosin, reconstituted from platelet myosin and skeletal muscle F-actin, was very slow. The amount of ATP necessary for complete dissociation of hybrid actomyosin was 2 mol/mol of myosin, although skeletal muscle actomyosin is known to dissociate completely upon addition of 1 mol ATP per mol of myosin. Unlike skeletal muscle myosin, the EDTA(K+)-ATPase activity of platelet myosin was inhibited by skeletal muscle F-actin. These observations indicate that ATP hydrolysis by vertebrate nonmuscle myosin follows the same mechanism as with other myosins and that the binding properties of nonmuscle myosin with F-actin are similar to those of smooth muscle myosin but not to those of skeletal muscle myosin. PMID- 3158646 TI - Limited proteolysis of complement protein C3b by regulatory enzyme C3b inactivator: isolation and characterization of a biologically active fragment, C3d,g. AB - Limited proteolysis of C3b by C3b inactivator (factor I) consists of a two-step reaction; rapid cleavage of C3b to yield a nicked C3b derivative, iC3b, and followed by slow cleavage of iC3b to yield two antigenically distinct fragments, C3c and C3d,g. Using a fluorescence-labeled C3b as a substrate for I, we have investigated in detail the optimal conditions for the sequential cleavages of C3b by I. The pH optimum for the first cleavage was markedly affected by the ionic strength of buffers. The cleavage was maximum at pH 6.0 under physiological ionic strength but at pH 8.5 under low ionic strength (such as 1.7 mS). The second cleavage was a slow reaction and occurred only under low ionic strength and within a narrow pH range around pH 6.0. One of the products of the second cleavage, C3d,g, was isolated and shown to be a single polypeptide chain of 41,000 daltons with pI 5.0. C3d,g had leucocytosis-inducing activity, like C3d-k, which is a C3d fragment released by the action of plasma kallikrein. Trypsin digestion of C3d,g produced two fragments of 30,000 and 10,000 daltons and the 10,000-dalton fragment retained the leucocytosis inducing activity. PMID- 3158647 TI - Photosensitized direct cross-linking of fluorescent analogs of ATP to the adenine recognition domain in myosin ATPase. AB - To obtain information about the adenine recognition site in myosin ATPase, ribosemodified fluorescent analogs of ATP, 3'-O-anthraniloyl and 3'-O-(N methylanthraniloyl) derivatives, were directly cross-linked to myosin subfragment 1 (S-1) ATPase by irradiation with visible light in the presence of FMN as a photosensitizer. The cross-linking of the fluorescent nucleotides was inhibited by addition of ATP or ADP. Tryptic digestion of the cross-linked S-1 revealed that fluorescence of the analog was associated predominantly with the 50K fragment and its precursor, the 75K one, and slightly with the 20K fragment. However, fluorescence was scarcely associated with the 26K fragment. The results were confirmed by cross-linking experiments using trypsin-split S-1, which mainly consists of the 50K, 26K, and 20K fragments. These findings suggest that the adenine recognition site of the myosin ATPase is located predominantly on the 50K domain. PMID- 3158649 TI - Steady state kinetics of ATP synthesis and hydrolysis coupled calcium transport catalyzed by the reconstituted sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. AB - The steady state kinetics of calcium transport driven by ATP hydrolysis and ATP synthesis catalyzed by purified, reconstituted calcium ATPase has been investigated as a function of the transmembrane calcium gradient. Purified calcium ATPase was reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles enabling control of the transmembrane calcium gradient. Calcium transport was monitored spectrophotometrically by the calcium indicator, Arsenazo III. Thus, only the enzymatic activity of coupled transport was measured. It was shown under conditions of low external calcium that ATP hydrolysis and synthesis follow simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics and that Michaelis constants obtained for both processes appear independent of the calcium gradient. The maximum velocities for both hydrolysis and synthesis strongly depend on the transmembrane calcium gradient. Based on these results, a mechanism is proposed in which a random addition of substrates for ATP synthesis is followed by random release of ATP and calcium. By measuring the ATP hydrolysis and synthesis under identical conditions, determination of the equilibrium constant for ATP hydrolysis as a function of the transmembrane calcium gradient was possible. Our results indicate that the thermodynamics of the catalytic cycle can be totally accounted for by the energetics of transport of 2.2 +/- 0.3 calciums and the hydrolysis of 1 ATP. An equilibrium constant for ATP hydrolysis in the absence of a calcium gradient was determined to be 4.0 X 10(4). PMID- 3158648 TI - Regulated redox processes at the plasmalemma of plant root cells and their function in iron uptake. AB - Plants take up iron as ferric chelates or, after reduction, as ferrous ions. Ferric reduction takes place at the plasma membrane of the root epidermis cells by a transmembrane redox system, which can be activated when iron is getting short. It is proposed that this inducible system, with NADPH as electron donor, is separate from a system, presumably present in all plant cells, which transports electrons from NADH or NADPH to ferricyanide, or, in vivo, oxygen. PMID- 3158650 TI - Stability and partial reactions of soluble and membrane-bound sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. AB - The Ca-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum was solubilized at pH 6.5 and 30 degrees C using different nonionic detergents, Triton X-100, C12E8, Lubrol PX, or Tween 20. After full solubilization by any of these detergents, the enzyme was unstable (t1/2 = 2-3 min) in the absence of Ca2+. The soluble enzyme was stable in the presence of calcium, half-maximal protection being attained in the presence of 0.2 mM Ca2+. In the absence of Ca2+, stability was restored by addition of co solvents dimethyl sulfoxide or glycerol. In the presence of 4 mM Ca2+, the progressive addition of nonionic detergents to a medium containing leaky vesicles promoted an increase, up to 3-fold, in the rate of ATP hydrolysis. This was not observed when ITP was used as substrate. The small amount of ADP accumulated in the medium during ATP hydrolysis was sufficient to inhibit the ATPase activity of the membrane-bound enzyme but had no effect on the soluble enzyme. Increasing concentrations of detergent promoted a progressive inhibition of the ATP----Pi exchange reaction. The ATP hydrolysis/synthesis ratio of soluble enzyme was 10 times higher than that of membranous enzyme. Addition of co-solvent restored this ratio to values similar to those obtained with membrane-bound Ca-ATPase. Soluble enzyme prepared from native sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles was able to catalyze the net synthesis of ATP when phosphorylated by Pi in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide and then diluted in a medium containing 10 mM CaCl2 and 2 mM ADP. This was not observed when the soluble enzyme was prepared from purified Ca-ATPase. The results suggest that some of the partial reactions of the catalytic cycle of Ca-ATPase are dependent on the hydrophobic environment found in the native membrane. This environment can be mimicked by co-solvents. PMID- 3158651 TI - The kinetics and divalent cation inhibition of plasma membrane ATPase in the yeast Candida albicans. AB - The kinetics of ATP hydrolysis and cation effects on ATPase activity in plasma membrane from Candida albicans ATCC 10261 yeast cells were investigated. The ATPase showed classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics for the hydrolysis of Mg X ATP, with Km = 4.8 mM Mg X ATP. Na+ and K+ stimulated the ATPase slightly (9% at 20 mM). Divalent cations in combination with ATP gave lower ATPase activity than Mg X ATP (Mg greater than Mn greater than Co greater than Zn greater than Ni greater than Ca). Divalent cations inhibited the Mg X ATPase (Zn greater than Ni greater than Co greater than Ca greater than Mn). Free Mg2+ inhibited Mg X ATPase weakly (20% inhibition at 10 mM). Computed analyses of substrate concentrations showed that free Zn2+ inhibited Zn X ATPase, mixed (Zn2+ + Mg2+) X ATPase, and Mg X ATPase activities. Zn X ATP showed high affinity for ATPase (Km = 1.0 mM Zn X ATP) but lower turnover (52%) relative to Mg X ATP. Inhibition of Mg X ATPase by (free) Zn2+ was noncompetitive, Ki = 90 microM Zn2+. The existence of a divalent cation inhibitory site on the plasma membrane Mg X ATPase is proposed. PMID- 3158652 TI - Electron probe X-ray microanalysis of post-tetanic Ca2+ and Mg2+ movements across the sarcoplasmic reticulum in situ. AB - Ca2+ and Mg2+ movements across the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of frog skeletal muscle fibers were measured in situ by electron probe microanalysis of muscles rapidly frozen following a tetanus. At 400 ms following a 1.2-s tetanus at room temperature, the force had relaxed to base-line, and 0.3 mmol of Ca2+/liter of cytoplasmic H2O had been pumped by the SR, indicating that the in situ pumping of the SR Ca-ATPase is sufficiently high to account for the removal of Ca2+ from the Ca2+-specific sites of troponin (0.18 mmol of Ca2+-specific sites/liter of cytoplasmic H2O) and for the rate of relaxation from a tetanus at room temperature. The half-time of the return of the total 1.0 mmol of Ca2+/liter of cytoplasmic H2O released during a tetanus was 1.1 s, comparable to the slow Koff rate of Ca2+ from (carp) parvalbumin (1.0 s-1) and consistent with the hypothesis that the return of this Ca2+ to the terminal cisternae is rate-limited by the Ca2+ off-rate from parvalbumin. The return of the Mg2+ taken up by the terminal cisternae during a tetanus to resting levels was significantly slower than the time course of the Ca2+ movements, suggesting that the Mg2+ permeability of the SR in situ is low and may be transiently increased during tetanic stimulation. PMID- 3158653 TI - A fluorescence quenching study of tryptophanyl residues of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The tryptophan intrinsic fluorescence of the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum was quenched by acrylamide at different temperatures. Sharp increases in the quenching constants were found in samples of ATPase reconstituted with dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine at temperatures slightly below the Tc transition temperature of the pure phospholipid. It is suggested that acrylamide may diffuse more easily through proteins surrounded by a fluid phospholipid matrix than if they are in a rigid matrix, due to different states of protein fluidity. PMID- 3158655 TI - Two distinct classes of nucleotide binding sites in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca ATPase revealed by 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrocyclohexadienylidene)-ATP. AB - It was previously reported that 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrocyclohexadienylidene) (TNP)-nucleotides bind with high affinity to the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase (Dupont, Y., Chapron, Y., and Pougeois, R. (1982) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 106, 1272-1279 and Watanabe, T., and Inesi, G. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 11510 11516). Here we report a study of the Ca-ATPase nucleotide binding sites using TNP-nucleotides. Competition at equilibrium between TNP-nucleotides and ATP was measured in the absence of calcium; it was found that TNP-nucleotides and ATP competitively bind to two classes of sites of equal concentration (3.5 nmol/mg). The ATP dissociation constants for the two classes of sites were found to be sensitive to H+ and Mg2+ concentrations. In the absence of Mg2+ (independently of pH) or at acid pH (independently of Mg2+ concentration), the nucleotide sites behave like one single family of sites of intermediate affinity (Kd = 20 microM). They split into two classes of sites of high (Kd = 2-4 microM) and low (Kd greater than 1 mM) affinity at pH values higher than neutral and in the presence of Mg2+. The calcium-activated ATP hydrolysis is accelerated by TNP-ATP (or TNP AMP-PNP) binding on the phosphorylated enzyme. It is concluded 1) that the Ca ATPase enzyme possesses two classes of ATP binding sites, 2) that the affinity of these two sites and the nature of their interaction is modulated by the H+ and Mg2+ concentrations, and 3) that the hydrolytic activity of the high affinity ATP binding site is activated by ATP or TNP-AMP-PNP (or TNP-ATP) binding in a low affinity ATP binding site. PMID- 3158654 TI - Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C activity of chromaffin granule binding proteins. AB - Using [U-14C]phosphatidylinositol as substrate, Ca2+-dependent phospholipase C activity was detected in a group of bovine adrenal medullary proteins that bind to chromaffin granule membranes in the presence of Ca2+ ("chromobindins," Creutz, C. E., Dowling, L. G., Sando, J. J., Villar-Palasi, C., Whipple, J. H., and Zaks, W. J. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 14664-14674). The activity was maximal at neutral pH and represented an 80- to 240-fold enrichment of adrenal medullary cytosol phospholipase C activity measured at pH 7.3. The stimulation of activity by Ca2+ was complex; no activity was present in the absence of Ca2+, 25% activation occurred at 1 microM Ca2+, and full activation at 5 mM Ca2+. The enzyme bound to chromaffin granule membranes in the presence of 2 mM Ca2+ but was released at 40 microM Ca2+, suggesting that intrinsic enzyme activity may be regulated by [Ca2+] at 1 microM, but additional activation at higher concentrations of Ca2+ is seen in vitro as a result of Ca2+-dependent binding of the active enzyme to substrate-containing membranes. This enzyme may generate diacylglycerol and phosphorylated inositol to act as intracellular messengers in the vicinity of the chromaffin granule membrane during the process of exocytosis. PMID- 3158656 TI - Interaction of valinomycin and monovalent cations with the (Ca2+,Mg2+)-ATPase of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The interactions of monovalent cations and of the K+-specific ionophore, valinomycin, with the Ca2+-ATPase of skeletal muscle of sarcoplasmic reticulum have been studied in the absence of cation gradients by their effects on enzyme turnover and on the ATP plus Ca2+-dependent enhanced fluorescence of the ATP analogue, 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrocyclohexyldienylidine)-adenosine 5'-triphosphate (TNP-ATP) (Watanabe, T., and Inesi, G. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 11510-11516). Monovalent cations decreased turnover-dependent TNP-ATP fluorescence in the series K+ greater than Rb+ approximately equal to Cs+ greater than Na+ greater than Li+ (K0.5 = 49, 73, 75, 94, and 246 mM, respectively), consistent with the known specificity of the monovalent cation binding site that stimulates turnover and E-P hydrolysis. Valinomycin (200 nmol/mg), in the absence of monovalent cations, decreased ATPase activity by 30% and abolished the stimulatory effects of 150 mM KCl or NaCl on turnover. The ionophore alone enhanced TNP-ATP fluorescence by 20% and altered the specificity and affinity of the site that inhibited TNP-ATP fluorescence to Cs+ greater than Rb+ greater than K+ approximately equal to Na+ greater than Li+ (K0.5 = 79, 111, 134, 136, and 270 mM, respectively), which follows the Hofmeister series for effectiveness of monovalent lyotropic cations. TNP-ATP binding was not affected by either monovalent cations or valinomycin. Inhibition of turnover-dependent TNP-ATP fluorescence appears to be a useful parameter for monitoring monovalent cation binding to the Ca2+-ATPase. It is concluded that the ionophore interacts directly with the Ca2+-ATPase, independent of its K+ conductance effects on the lipid bilayer, and modifies the affinity and specificity of the monovalent cation site, either by direct interaction or by the formation of a valinomycin-monovalent cation-enzyme complex. PMID- 3158658 TI - Influence of neighboring bases on DNA polymerase insertion and proofreading fidelity. AB - We propose a model to describe the frequencies of site-specific base substitution errors by DNA polymerase. In the model, nucleotide misinsertion frequencies are determined by 5'-nearest-neighbor base stacking and 3'-exonucleolytic proofreading efficiencies are governed by the relative proportions of G . C base pairs in the region surrounding the misinserted nucleotide. The model is used to analyze the frequency of replacing dAMP by 2-aminopurine deoxyribonucleotide with purified bacteriophage T4 L141 antimutator DNA polymerase at 57 sites on phi X174 DNA (Pless, R. C., and Bessman, M.J. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 4905-4915). A linear least-squares fit yields a correlation coefficient of 0.83 and a standard deviation of 2.8% between predicted and observed results. Four to five base pairs on each side of the 2-aminopurine incorporation site, approximately one double helical turn, are found to exert a maximal influence on proofreading. Thermal melting data on native and synthetic DNA are used to deduce base-stacking energies for nearest-neighbor doublets including those involving 2-aminopurine. The inclusion of base-stacking energies in the model calculations leads to predictions similar to those based on the use of empirical parameters for individual base pairs. PMID- 3158657 TI - Mechanism of alloxan-induced calcium release from rat liver mitochondria. AB - The objective of the present work was to investigate the mechanism of alloxan induced Ca2+ release from rat liver mitochondria. Transport of Ca2+, oxidation and hydrolysis of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides, changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxygen consumption by mitochondria were investigated. Alloxan does not inhibit the uptake of Ca2+ but stimulates the release of Ca2+ from liver mitochondria, which is accompanied by oxidation and hydrolysis of pyridine nucleotides. Oxidation of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides by alloxan is not mediated by glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase and may occur largely nonenzymatically. Measurements of the mitochondrial membrane potential in combination with inhibitors of Ca2+ reuptake indicate that Ca2+ release takes place from intact liver mitochondria via a distinct pathway. Limited redox cycling of alloxan by mitochondria is indicated by measurements of the membrane potential and O2 consumption in the presence of cyanide. It is concluded that alloxan can cause Ca2+ release from intact rat liver mitochondria. Redox cycling of alloxan is not significantly involved in the Ca2+ release mechanism. Oxidation and hydrolysis of pyridine nucleotides, possibly in conjunction with oxidation of critical sulfhydryl groups, seem to be key events in the alloxan-induced Ca2+ release. Disturbance of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis may partly explain alloxan toxicity. PMID- 3158659 TI - Evidence for two different active sites on human beta-hexosaminidase A. Interaction of GM2 activator protein with beta-hexosaminidase A. AB - Competition experiments were carried out on the hydrolysis of different substrates by beta-hexosaminidase A isolated from human liver. The results show that ganglioside GM2 in the presence of the GM2 activator protein and a new synthetic substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-N-acetylglucosaminide 6-sulfate, are hydrolyzed at the same active site on the alpha subunit of beta hexosaminidase A, whereas 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-N-acetylglucosaminide is degraded predominantly by a different active site on the beta-subunit. This finding provides for the first time a possible molecular basis for the observation that, in variant B1 of the GM2 gangliosidoses, beta-hexosaminidase A has lost its activity toward GM2 ganglioside and the sulfated artificial substrate while being still able to hydrolyze the unsulfated artificial substrate at a normal rate. Furthermore, the finding that the GM2 activator protein inhibits the degradation of the sulfated substrate by beta-hexosaminidases A and S indicates that the alpha subunit common to both isoenzymes might provide a binding site for the activator protein. PMID- 3158660 TI - Purification and characterization of phospholamban from canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Phospholamban, the putative protein regulator of the Ca2+ pump of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum, was purified to apparent homogeneity from canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles by selective extraction with sodium cholate, followed by adsorption to calcium oxalate, solubilization in Zwittergent 3-14, and specific elution from p-hydroxymercuribenzoate-agarose. Phospholamban, isolated in the dephosphorylated state, was purified 80-fold in 15% yield (approximately 2 mg of phospholamban/g of sarcoplasmic reticulum protein). Nondissociated phospholamban exhibited an apparent Mr = 25,000 in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Partially dissociated phospholamban, induced by boiling in sodium dodecyl sulfate, exhibited five distinct mobility forms in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, of apparent molecular weights between 5,000-6,000 and 25,000. Phospholamban was phosphorylated to a level of 190 nmol of Pi/mg of protein by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, consistent by minimum stoichiometry with a subunit molecular weight of approximately 5,000. Phospholamban prepared by the present method was different in several respects from the proteins that have been isolated in other laboratories. Pure phospholamban was cysteine rich, containing 6 residues/100 amino acid residues. Dephosphorylated phospholamban was strongly basic with a pI = 10; phosphorylation decreased the pI to approximately 6.7. Pure phospholamban (and phospholamban present in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles) was not readily extracted into acidified chloroform/methanol, suggesting that the protein does not behave as an acidic proteolipid. The purified protein was highly antigenic. Phospholamban was localized by immunochemical methods to cardiac membranes enriched in sarcoplasmic reticulum, but was absent from sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes prepared from fast skeletal muscle. The method described for isolation of cardiac phospholamban is highly reproducible and relatively simple, and should be useful for further detailed studies designed to probe the molecular structure of the protein. PMID- 3158661 TI - Standardization of the antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen concentration. AB - We examine sources of potential bias in the estimation of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen concentrations by a calibration curve for conversion of RIA units to international units. We show by calculation and example that very large biases may exist, whereas accurate estimation is needed in screening programmes and in clinical trials for the evaluation of the immunogenicity of various types and schedules of hepatitis B vaccine. It is recommended that the danger of large biases be avoided by using the laboratory's own calibration curve, calibrated against dilutions of the WHO standard, using a standard as positive control in the radioimmunoassay. Furthermore, serum samples should be diluted to a concentration close to that of the positive control. PMID- 3158662 TI - Clinical and angiographic experience with intraoperative transluminal balloon catheter dilatation and coronary artery bypass graft surgery. AB - Between April, 1980 and October, 1983, 40 patients with chronic stable angina pectoris underwent intraoperative transluminal balloon-catheter dilatation and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The main indication for this combined procedure was diffuse symptomatic coronary artery disease with at least one coronary artery having two or more areas of narrowing. Intraoperative dilatation was performed upon 42 coronary arteries involving 57 narrowed arterial segments where dilatation was attempted. The balloon-tipped catheter could not be passed through two stenotic sites. There was no documented perforation but unrecognized intimal injury was observed in two patients at postoperative catheterization. There was one perioperative myocardial infarction, one operative death and 97% early relief of angina pectoris. In 25 distal arterial narrowings that were studied angiographically in the early postoperative period (mean 10 days), 15 (60%) were unchanged, 2 (8%) were worse and 8 (32%) were improved compared to the preoperative angiogram. Patients with discrete narrowings did better than those who had balloon dilatation for diffuse narrowings; 49% of the former as compared to 17% of the latter had angiographic evidence for improvement. During the follow-up period (mean 30 months), three patients developed recurrent angina pectoris and one died of congestive heart failure. Thirteen distal arterial narrowings were studied angiographically late postoperatively (mean 12 months). In these 13 areas, 6 (46%) were unchanged, 3 (23%) were worse and 4 (31%) were improved compared to preoperative angiograms. Additionally, 10 arterial narrowings were observed angiographically, both early and late postoperatively. Nine of these serially observed segments remained unchanged while one became worse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3158663 TI - The durability of bioprostheses in young people. Long-term results with intra- or extracardiac implanted porcine valves. AB - Forty two children and two young adults who were long term survivors of either intracardiac or extracardiac valve replacement with glutaraldehyde porcine valves form the basis of this report. The follow-up period varied from 6 months to 9 years. Ten of eleven intracardiac valves developed some dysfunction--the eleventh patient died from other causes. Of a total of 36 extracardiac valved conduits in the Rt side of the heart, four have needed replacement and an additional four will require replacement in due course. The probability of an event free performance of an intracardiac porcine valve is zero at 5 years. Four extracardiac valves there is in an 80% expectancy at 5 years and a 12% at 8 years of trouble free existence. PMID- 3158666 TI - A rare variant of truncus arteriosus. PMID- 3158665 TI - Site specificity in vimentin-membrane interactions: intermediate filament subunits associate with the plasma membrane via their head domains. AB - Fragments of vimentin, generated by chemical or enzymatic cleavages, were analyzed for their capacity to bind to human inverted erythrocyte membrane vesicles. Only peptides comprising the amino-terminal head domain of vimentin molecules were competent in associating with the membranes. In vitro studies also demonstrated that isolated ankyrin (the major vimentin acceptor site on the membrane) binds to an oligomeric species of vimentin and prevents the formation of characteristic 10-nm filaments. These data, taken together with the observation that the NH2-terminal end of vimentin is implicated in the polymerization process (Traub, P., and C. Vorgias, J. Cell Sci., 1983, 63:43-67), imply that intermediate filaments may contact the membrane in an end-on fashion, using the exposed head domains of their terminal subunits. PMID- 3158664 TI - The binding of vimentin to human erythrocyte membranes: a model system for the study of intermediate filament-membrane interactions. AB - We have characterized the association of the intermediate filament protein, vimentin, with the plasma membrane, using radioiodinated lens vimentin and various preparations of human erythrocyte membrane vesicles. Inside-out membrane vesicles (IOVs), depleted of spectrin and actin, bind I125-vimentin in a saturable manner unlike resealed, right-side-out membranes which bind negligible amounts of vimentin in an unsaturable fashion. The binding of vimentin to IOVs is abolished by trypsin or acid treatment of the vesicles. Extraction of protein 4.1 or reconstitution of the membranes with purified spectrin do not basically affect the association. However, removal of ankyrin (band 2.1) significantly lowers the binding. Upon reconstitution of depleted vesicles with purified ankyrin, the vimentin binding function is restored. If ankyrin is added in excess the binding of vimentin to IOVs is quantitatively inhibited, whereas protein 4.1, the cytoplasmic fragment of band 3, band 6, band 4.5 (catalase), or bovine serum albumin do not influence it. Preincubation of the IOVs with a polyclonal anti ankyrin antibody blocks 90% of the binding. Preimmune sera and antibodies against spectrin, protein 4.1, glycophorin A, and band 3 exhibit no effect. On the basis of these data, we propose that vimentin is able to associate specifically with the erythrocyte membrane skeleton and that ankyrin constitutes its major attachment site. PMID- 3158667 TI - Stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for fenretinide drug substance. PMID- 3158668 TI - Preparative isolation of the polypeptide chains of human liver beta-N acetylhexosaminidase A by fast protein liquid chromatography-ion-exchange chromatography. PMID- 3158669 TI - Puberty in the chimpanzee: somatomedin-C and its relationship to somatic growth and steroid hormone concentrations. AB - A relationship between sex steroids and the somatomedins (Sms) is well known, but poorly defined. In some primates, including man, there are pubertal increases in Sms, concurrent with increased growth and sex steroid production. In the current studies, indices of somatic growth [body weight, crown-rump length (CRL), and testis size (testicular volume index)] and circulating concentrations of testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), cortisol, and Sm-C were determined (n = 208) in 86 male and female chimpanzees during a 1-yr period. In addition, we have attempted to determine whether plasma Sm-C concentrations correlate with serum levels of estrogen and androgens. In male animals between 6 and 8 yr of age, there was a marked increase in testicular size, concurrent with an increase in serum T and preceding slightly an increase in the rate of body weight gain. There were no detectable increases in serum E2 or the CRL slope. In females between 6 and 8 yr of age, serum T increased, concurrent with an increase in the rate of body weight gain much smaller than that in male animals. Serum E2 increased only after 10 yr of age, and no increased linear growth (CRL) was found. In both sexes, increases in serum DHEA-S were found by 4-6 yr of age, in contrast to cortisol concentrations, which were high and remained unchanged from birth to 12 yr of age, except for lower values in the very youngest and very oldest female animals. An increase in Sm-C occurred in both sexes by 4-6 yr of age, with higher values in female than in male animals 0-2, 4-6, and 6-8 yr of age, and when all ages were considered together. In both sexes, plasma Sm-C concentrations correlated with serum T (r = 0.60 and P less than 0.001; r = 0.68 and P less than 0.001; females and males, respectively), although when both sexes were analyzed together, the correlation was not as good (r = 0.36; P less than 0.001). Sm-C concentrations correlated with serum DHEA-S when the two sexes were analyzed separately (r = 0.44 and P less than 0.001; r = 0.54 and P less than 0.001; females and males, respectively) or together (r = 0.49; P less than 0.001). Sm-C correlated poorly with serum E2 levels in females (r = 0.20; P less than 0.05) and did not correlate with E2 in males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3158670 TI - Circulating T-cell subsets in Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - We compared the distribution of circulating T-cell subsets within 2 weeks of onset of symptoms in 14 patients with acute Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and 37 normal controls. The levels of OKT4+ (putative helper-inducer) cells was definitely abnormal (decreased) in 3/13 tested. The levels of OKT8+ (putative suppressor-cytotoxic) cells were elevated in 3 and decreased in 2 of the 14 tested. Abnormal OKT4/OKT8 ratios were detected in 5 (2 elevated and 3 decreased) patients. Four of the 5 GBS patients with abnormal OKT4+/OKT8+ ratios were studied sequentially at least 4 times over 1-10 months; there was a return towards a normal ratio in all. Serial studies in 3 other GBS patients showed consistently normal values. In comparison, sequential studies over 5-24 months in 7 normals showed no abnormal OKT4+/OKT8+ ratios. Thus, abnormalities in OKT4+/OKT8+ ratios appear to be a marker of systemic events during symptomatic phases of GBS. It is not as yet known whether this is related to the cause or is secondary to the clinical manifestations of GBS. PMID- 3158673 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with hydroxocobalamin responsive megaloblastic anaemia. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations and intrinsic factor and gastric parietal cell antibodies have been measured in 23 patients with megaloblastic anaemia who responded to treatment with hydroxocobalamin. The ratio of helper (OKT4) to suppressor (OKT8) lymphocytes was significantly increased in patients with intrinsic factor antibody compared with those who lacked the antibody. No such correlation was found for gastric parietal cell antibody. Alterations in the lymphocyte helper to suppressor (OKT4:OKT8) ratio may be associated with pernicious anaemia. PMID- 3158671 TI - Nuclear imaging for musculoskeletal infections in children. AB - We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent bone scanning for possible osteomyelitis at the Naval Regional Medical Center (Portsmouth, VA, U.S.A.) between 1980 and 1983. Among 63 children, there were 20 sites of osteomyelitis. We were able to conclude that a high proportion of neonates with septic arthritis will have osteomyelitis and that bone scan is not helpful in this age group. Nuclear imaging of the foot was less reliable than imaging of the remainder of the extremities. The bone scan can be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in certain children, but is not a substitute for an accurate clinical examination and appropriate workup. PMID- 3158674 TI - Cardiovascular effects of ketanserin, a new antiserotonergic agent in the treatment of arterial hypertension. AB - Ketanserin, an investigational, antiserotonergic agent, at a dose of 40 mg bid was given to 18 patients with mild to moderate primary hypertension in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, with 100-mg metoprolol bid for four weeks each. The following parameters were evaluated: blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac workload (product of systolic blood pressure and heart rate during bicycle exercise), systolic time intervals, and peripheral blood flow (by strain gauge plethysmography). Significant reductions in diastolic and concomitant slight decreases in systolic blood pressure without changes in heart rate were observed during ketanserin treatment; cardiac oxygen demands during exercise test did not change, however. Pre-ejection period and left ventricular ejection time were unchanged, while significant increase in rest flow to the lower limbs and decrease in peripheral resistance were demonstrated by strain-gauge plethysmography. The results indicate that ketanserin has vasodilating properties and hypotensive activity that may be useful in the management of patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 3158672 TI - Hemodynamic versus adrenergic control of cat right ventricular hypertrophy. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether cardiac hypertrophy in response to hemodynamic overloading is a primary result of the increased load or is instead a secondary result of such other factors as concurrent sympathetic activation. To make this distinction, four experiments were done; the major experimental result, cardiac hypertrophy, was assessed in terms of ventricular mass and cardiocyte cross-sectional area. In the first experiment, the cat right ventricle was loaded differentially by pressure overloading the ventricle, while unloading a constituent papillary muscle; this model was used to ask whether any endogenous or exogenous substance caused uniform hypertrophy, or whether locally appropriate load responses caused ventricular hypertrophy with papillary muscle atrophy. The latter result obtained, both when each aspect of differential loading was simultaneous and when a previously hypertrophied papillary muscle was unloaded in a pressure overloaded right ventricle. In the second experiment, epicardial denervation and then pressure overloading was used to assess the role of local neurogenic catecholamines in the genesis of hypertrophy. The degree of hypertrophy caused by these procedures was the same as that caused by pressure overloading alone. In the third and fourth experiments, beta-adrenoceptor or alpha-adrenoceptor blockade was produced before and maintained during pressure overloading. The hypertrophic response did not differ in either case from that caused by pressure overloading without adrenoceptor blockade. These experiments demonstrate the following: first, cardiac hypertrophy is a local response to increased load, so that any factor serving as a mediator of this response must be either locally generated or selectively active only in those cardiocytes in which stress and/or strain are increased; second, catecholamines are not that mediator, in that adrenergic activation is neither necessary for nor importantly modifies the cardiac hypertrophic response to an increased hemodynamic load. PMID- 3158675 TI - Effects of chronic zimelidine and ethanol on psychomotor performance. AB - Twelve healthy men between 22 and 27 years of age participated in an experiment on interactions between zimelidine and ethanol. Zimelidine, 200 mg/24 hours, was administered for 10 days and ethanol, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg of body weight, or placebo drinks were administered either with placebo capsules or on the last 3 days of zimelidine treatment. A battery of tests measuring skilled performance was used. The higher dose of ethanol increased plasma zimelidine and norzimelidine concentrations. Ethanol impaired standing steadiness, tracking, and one aspect of verbal information processing. Zimelidine improved tracking. No significant pharmacodynamic ethanol-zimelidine interactions were observed. PMID- 3158676 TI - Enamel bonding: a conservative approach to dental aesthetics. PMID- 3158677 TI - Compartmentalization of the cat lateral gastrocnemius motor nucleus. AB - The spatial and size distributions of motoneurons which supply the cat lateral gastrocnemius (LG) neuromuscular compartments were examined to determine their anatomical organization. Individual primary muscle nerve branches (PMNB) to LG were isolated by microdissection, cut, and soaked in horseradish peroxidase (HRP). As a control in each case, the entire contralateral lateral gastrocnemius soleus (LG-S) nerve was similarly cut and soaked. Retrogradely labeled motoneurons were identified, their positions plotted, and their sizes measured on both sides of the cord. Results show that extensive overlap exists in the spatial distribution of motoneurons innervating different PMNBs. Labeled cells supplying each PMNB also vary considerably in their sizes. However, both a highly significant topography-like organization and a preferential size distribution are found between different groups of motoneurons. Neurons which supply proximal compartments occupy more rostral portions of the LG motor nucleus and are among the largest in the pool. Very few small motoneurons innervate proximal compartments. Neurons supplying more distal compartments are distributed in more caudal parts of the pool and contain both large and small cells in relatively equal numbers. If the large cells are alpha and the small cells gamma motoneurons, then proximal compartments are relatively poor in gamma innervation and presumably muscle spindles, and distal compartments are rich in fusimotor innervation. PMID- 3158679 TI - Remission in skin infiltrate of a patient with mycosis fungoides treated with cyclosporine. AB - A 57-year-old woman with mycosis fungoides that had failed to respond to cytotoxic chemotherapy was treated with cyclosporine. Mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome are disorders of helper T cells. Cyclosporine is a fungal endecapeptide of novel chemical structure that causes preferential inhibition of T helper cells. Because of this in vitro inhibition of T helper cells, we used cyclosporine to treat a patient who had mycosis fungoides that was refractory to cytotoxic combination chemotherapy. With cyclosporine administered initially as an intravenous infusion and orally after 10 days, there was immediate improvement in the patient's symptoms. This subjective improvement was accompanied by a decrease in her skin infiltration, noted on physical examination and microscopically. Despite continued administration of the cyclosporine, symptoms recurred after 3 1/2 months of therapy. PMID- 3158678 TI - Lymphedema of the lower abdominal wall in pregnancy. AB - Two patients with lymphedema of the lower abdominal wall in late pregnancy are presented. Prominent tortuous, dilated lymphatic channels were observed clinically. Mechanical obstruction of lymphatic drainage is thought to be the cause. Both patients improved after delivery. PMID- 3158680 TI - Cutaneous angiomas in POEMS syndrome. AB - POEMS syndrome is an unusual plasma cell dyscrasia with multisystemic manifestations featuring polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein and constant skin involvement. We have seen a 58-year-old white man presenting with generalized eruptive angiomas as a rare skin manifestation of this syndrome. We review the literature and discuss the pathogenesis of vascular proliferation in this unusual entity. PMID- 3158681 TI - The identification of the medically compromised patient in dental practice. PMID- 3158683 TI - Effect of general practice residency training on providing care for the developmentally disabled. PMID- 3158682 TI - Effects of the selective beta 2-adrenergic agonists, procaterole and terbutaline, on protein secretion by rat submandibular glands. AB - We examined the secretory effects of two beta 2-adrenergic agonists, procaterole and terbutaline, on the submandibular glands of anesthetized rats. After stimulation with these agents with and without a range of antagonists (non specific alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockers), submandibular saliva was collected. The flow rate, protein concentration, the electrophoretic patterns, and amino acid composition of saliva were examined. These parameters were compared with their counterparts in saliva stimulated with isoproterenol (IPR), with and without antagonists. Assessed by these criteria, secreted proteins were classified as the alpha- or beta-type. In addition, IPR-stimulated proteins were compared in submandibular saliva of rats chronically treated with IPR or procaterole. Both beta 2-agonists were potent secretagogues for the submandibular glands of rats. All beta-antagonists completely abolished the secretory effects elicited by both beta 2-agonists, with the exceptions of carteolol and propranolol. However, no blocking agent abolished the secretory effects of IPR (60 mg/kg). The types of proteins in all submandibular saliva samples elicited by both beta 2-agonists with and without antagonists were the beta-type. Enlargement of the submandibular glands was not observed in rats subjected to chronic administration of procaterole, nor were abnormal and additional proteins observed, as confirmed by electrophoresis and by the amino acid analyses. PMID- 3158684 TI - Occlusal composite restorations: 4-year results. AB - A study was performed to determine the success of a conservative cavity preparation using the principle of sealing for prevention rather than cavity extension for prevention. A total of 332 restorations were placed in 240 teeth of 110 subjects, aged 6 to 14, with a mean age of 8 years. After 4 years, 205 restorations were examined. Caries appeared in 13 teeth and sealant wear occurred in 14 restorations. Complete sealant loss was observed in eight restorations and partial loss in 38, leaving 156 restorations with complete retention of the sealant. These preliminary results show that conservative cavity preparation with sealing for prevention is a successful technique that conserves valuable tooth structure. PMID- 3158685 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine: a review of the clinical data to date. AB - The CDC estimates that about 200,000 Americans become infected with HBV each year. About 200 die of fulminant hepatitis. Most importantly, 12,000 to 20,000 persons become chronically infected, placing themselves at increased risk of developing chronic sequelae such as cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma and also putting their families and close personal contacts at risk of hepatitis B infection. An effective vaccine to protect against hepatitis B is currently available. The vaccine is produced according to a rigorous process known to kill HBV, the agent causing AIDS, and all other viruses known to be present in human plasma. Well-controlled clinical studies have shown the vaccine to be well tolerated, immunogenic, and highly effective in preventing hepatitis B. The benefits of vaccination are clear. PMID- 3158686 TI - Right ventricular myocardial infarction in patients with chronic lung disease: possible role of right ventricular hypertrophy. AB - To determine the relation between right ventricular hypertrophy and right ventricular myocardial infarction in patients with chronic lung disease, the records of 28 patients with chronic lung disease, inferior myocardial infarction and significant coronary artery disease (group I) and 20 patients with right ventricular hypertrophy, chronic lung disease without inferior myocardial infarction or significant coronary artery disease (group II) were reviewed. Chronic lung disease was diagnosed by clinical criteria, chest radiographs and pulmonary function tests. All patients had postmortem examinations. Patients in group I were classified into two subgroups: group Ia (without right ventricular hypertrophy) and group Ib (with right ventricular hypertrophy). Right ventricular wall thickness was 3.3 mm +/- 0.5 in group Ia, 6.0 mm +/- 1.1 in group Ib and 8.8 mm +/- 2.4 in group II (group Ia versus Ib, p less than 0.001; group Ia versus II, p less than 0.001; group Ib versus II, p less than 0.001). Eleven patients (78.6%) in group Ib (chronic lung disease with both right ventricular hypertrophy and inferior myocardial infarction) had right ventricular myocardial infarction compared with only 3 patients (21.9%) in group Ia (chronic lung disease without right ventricular hypertrophy and with inferior myocardial infarction) (p less than 0.008). Isolated right ventricular myocardial infarction occurred in four patients (20%) in group II (chronic lung disease with right ventricular hypertrophy, but without evidence of infarction of the left ventricle or significant coronary artery disease). There was no significant difference in the extent of anatomic coronary disease in groups Ia and Ib.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3158687 TI - Global cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction: a study in the rat model. AB - Infarct expansion, regional dilation and thinning of the infarct zone, occurs within 1 day after myocardial infarction. Whether the early change in regional shape of infarct expansion affects the architecture of remote normal regions is unknown. To study this question, 45 rats with a transmural infarct were killed at 1, 2 and 3 days after infarction and their hearts were examined for infarct size and extent of expansion. Wall thickness and radius of curvature were measured within, adjacent to and remote from the infarct zone. Equivalent regions were analyzed in eight control hearts. The extent of disproportionate wall thinning and increased radius of curvature within the infarct zone of hearts with expansion was not dependent on infarct size. Significant wall thinning and increased regional radius of curvature were also seen in adjacent and remote regions of the hearts with expansion (p less than 0.001). These structural changes outside of the infarct occurred independent of infarct age and size, and were not seen in hearts without infarct expansion. Thus, when disproportionate thinning and dilation occur in the infarct region, they are accompanied by a distortion in shape of the entire heart including remote normal myocardium. This remote remodeling of noninfarcted myocardium correlates with extent of expansion, but not with age or size of the infarct. PMID- 3158688 TI - Vaporization of atherosclerotic plaques by spark erosion. AB - An alternative to the laser irradiation of atherosclerotic lesions has been developed. A pulsed electrocardiogram R wave-triggered electrical spark erosion technique is described. Controlled vaporization of fibrous and lipid plaques with minimal thermal side effects was achieved and documented histologically in vitro from 30 atherosclerotic segments of six human aortic autopsy specimens. Craters with a constant area and a depth that varied according to the duration of application were produced. The method was confirmed to be electrically safe during preliminary in vivo trials in the coronary arteries of seven anesthetized pigs. The main advantages of this technique are that it is simpler to execute than laser irradiation and potentially more controllable. PMID- 3158689 TI - MDL 17,043 therapy in severe congestive heart failure: characterization of the early and late hemodynamic, pharmacokinetic, hormonal and clinical response. AB - MDL 17,043, an agent with both inotropic and vasodilator properties, was evaluated in the treatment of chronic severe heart failure. The early and late hemodynamic, hormonal, pharmacokinetic and clinical responses to oral MDL 17,043 were studied in 20 patients. MDL 17,043 acutely increased cardiac output from 3.6 +/- 0.9 to 4.6 +/- 1.0 liters/min (+28%, p less than 0.001) and decreased mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure from 24 +/- 8 to 13 +/- 8 mm Hg (-46%, p less than 0.001), mean right atrial pressure from 10 +/- 5 to 4 +/- 4 mm Hg (-60%, p less than 0.001) and mean arterial pressure from 78 +/- 9 to 70 +/- 11 mm Hg ( 10%, p less than 0.001). Hemodynamic improvement was sustained for 8 hours. Plasma renin activity tended to increase (0.10 less than p greater than 0.05), plasma norepinephrine tended to decrease (0.10 less than p greater than 0.05) and arginine vasopressin did not show any directional change. Elimination half-life for MDL 17,043 was approximately 20 hours. Hemodynamic responsiveness was maintained in six patients undergoing restudy at 4 weeks. Initial subjective improvement in the 20 patients occurred in 90%, was present at 4 weeks in 50% and continued longer than 3 months in 25%. Side effects occurred in 75% and required cessation of treatment in 10%. Thirteen (93%) of 14 patients on long-term therapy died (median time after start of MDL 17,043 therapy 39 days). Deaths were sudden in 69%. It is concluded that oral MDL 17,043 produces early and late hemodynamic improvement in patients with severe heart failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3158690 TI - MDL 17,043: short- and long-term cardiopulmonary and clinical effects in patients with heart failure. AB - MDL 17,043, an inotropic and vasodilator drug, is believed to have beneficial effects in patients with heart failure. Its short- and long-term hemodynamic and cardiopulmonary effects were studied in 10 patients with New York Heart Association functional class III heart failure who were maintained on digitalis and diuretic drugs. Hemodynamics at baseline study and after 24 hours of oral therapy (four doses of 6 mg/kg) showed increased cardiac output (3.9 +/- 0.7 to 6.1 +/- 1.1 liters/min, p less than 0.05), increased stroke volume (42 +/- 12 to 60 +/- 15 ml, p less than 0.05), decreased systemic vascular resistance (1,564 +/ 326 to 1,009 +/- 296 dynes X s X cm-5, p less than 0.05) but no change in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (31 +/- 6 to 25 +/- 13 mm Hg, p = NS). Only systemic vascular resistance and arteriovenous oxygen difference were significantly decreased during exercise. When restudied after 5 weeks of therapy, neither cardiac output nor stroke volume showed a sustained increase at rest or during exercise, and effects on systemic vascular resistance and arteriovenous oxygen difference were not sustained at exercise (p = NS). Peak oxygen uptake during exercise was 8.1 +/- 2.5 ml/kg per min at baseline and was not significantly increased either acutely (9.2 +/- 2.4 ml/kg per min, p = NS) or chronically (8.9 +/- 2.2 ml/kg per min, p = NS). Problems of increased ventricular arrhythmias and diarrhea were noted after therapy was begun.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3158691 TI - Unusual distribution of left ventricular hypertrophy in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: localized posterobasal free wall thickening in two patients. AB - Two patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a previously unreported distribution of left ventricular hypertrophy are described. Each patient showed substantial wall thickening that was confined to the posterobasal segment of the left ventricular free wall, as well as evidence of dynamic subaortic obstruction. This observation emphasizes the fact that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by a broad morphologic spectrum. Furthermore, it demonstrates a unique circumstance in which left ventricular outflow tract obstruction may occur in the absence of anterior and basal septal hypertrophy. PMID- 3158692 TI - Cardiomyopathies and their role in sudden death. AB - Frequent ventricular premature complexes, complex ventricular ectopic activity and asymptomatic ventricular tachycardia are common to both hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy; in both conditions, sudden death is a common occurrence. Asymptomatic young patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who have a family history and a high incidence of ventricular arrhythmias have a particularly high incidence of sudden death. In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, efforts to attribute sudden death to the cardiac index, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, left ventricular outflow obstruction, ejection fraction, age, symptomatic state and septal thickness have been unrewarding. Myocardial hypertrophy and disordered myocardial cell arrangement are the likely substrates for the development of ventricular arrhythmias in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Ventricular fibrillation preceded by ventricular tachycardia appears to be the terminal event in most patients who die suddenly. In some patients, cardiac asystole is the terminal event. Additional factors playing a role in the development of the substrate for sudden death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy vary in importance on an individual basis. These factors include narrowing of septal arteries and the artery to the atrioventricular node, preservation of fetal anatomy with dispersion in the atrioventricular node and His bundle, fibrosis of the sinus node, clefts in the septum, multiple atrioventricular pathways and massive myocardial infarction. Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy appear to have the highest incidence of ventricular arrhythmias of any disease yet studied. The substrate for the development of ventricular arrhythmias in these patients appears to be myocardial hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3158693 TI - Pathogenesis of ventricular hypertrophy. AB - Growth of the vertebrate heart during embryonic and fetal life is characterized by hyperplasia of myocardial cells. Shortly after birth, myocardial cells lose the capability of dividing, and further growth of the heart is due to myocardial cell hypertrophy and nonmuscle cell hyperplasia. This process results in a 30- to 40-fold increase in volume of individual myocardial cells during normal postnatal growth and maturation. The transition from hyperplastic to hypertrophic growth is related to formation of binucleated myocardial cells as a result of karyokinesis without cytokinesis. The molecular mechanism of this transition is uncertain. The response of the heart to increased metabolic demands or an increased work load depends on the age of the animal at the time when the stress is imposed. Increased myocardial work loads in fetal or early neonatal life lead to cardiac enlargement by causing an increased rate of hyperplasia of myocardial cells or continuation of hyperplasia beyond the normal period of hyperplastic growth. In contrast, imposition of increased loads on the hearts of older animals results in cardiac hypertrophy due to enlargement of myocardial cells and hyperplasia of nonmuscular components. In addition to cellular enlargement, structural remodeling of the myocardial cells and of the chambers of the heart occurs during the development of hypertrophy. Important stimuli of cardiac hypertrophy include increased systolic force or tension generated by the myocardial fibers (pressure overload), increased end-diastolic wall stress (volume overload) and neurohumoral factors such as increased circulating catecholamines or discharge of cardiac sympathetic nerves, or both, activation of the renin-angiotensin system and increased levels of thyroxine and growth hormone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3158695 TI - Kissing balloon therapy for Leriche syndrome. PMID- 3158696 TI - Skin diseases: current concepts, therapy. 1. Acne. PMID- 3158694 TI - [Phenotype of the mononuclear cells of the cornea in ocular herpes]. AB - There is now a great deal of evidence for cell-mediated immunopathogenesis of herpetic stromal keratitis. However, this has never been unequivocally demonstrated, so far. Accordingly, we established a new technical approach in which lymphocytes were cornea-eluted, further purified and characterized by means of monoclonal antibodies. Four corneal specimens were obtained after penetrating keratoplasty. The patients suffered from herpetic interstitial keratitis with perforation of the cornea. The most relevant point to emerge from this experiment is the marked infiltration of corneal buttons by suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. This finding strongly supports the recent suggestion, by Ahonen and coworkers that lymphocytes might be cytotoxic for keratocytes. PMID- 3158697 TI - Are angioplasters split? Commentary. PMID- 3158698 TI - Localization of immunoreactive synthetic atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in the heart of various animal species. AB - The localization of two synthetic fragments of the C-terminal portion of atrial natriuretic factor: Arg 101-Tyr 126 which displays full biological activity and Leu 94-Arg 109 which is completely devoid of biological activity, has been investigated by immunohisto- and immunocytochemical methods in the heart of mammals (rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, cat, dog, man) and nonmammalian vertebrates toad (Bufo marinus), frog (Rana catesbeiana), fish (Cyprinus carpio, Puntius schwanenfeldi, Cichlosoma biocellatum, Carrasius auratus), snake (Python reticulatus) and hen. Antibodies against the synthetic fragments of ANF were raised in rabbits and used either for immunofluorescence (Coons' technique), immunohistochemistry (unlabeled antibody technique) or immunocytochemistry (protein A-gold technique). Results obtained by immunofluorescence and by the unlabeled antibody technique were similar: antibodies against Arg 101-Tyr 126 ANF allowed visualization of granulated cardiocytes in the atria of all mammals. While the reaction was very strong in rat and mouse, it was less so in the rabbit and very weak in all other species studied including man. Antibodies against Leu 94-Arg 109 ANF produced a reaction only in the rat and mouse. In nonmammalian vertebrates, the reaction was always much stronger in atria than ventricles of all species with both antibodies. PMID- 3158699 TI - Localization and quantitation of anionic charge sites in fetal and neonatal alveolar basement membranes. AB - A method utilizing biopsy sized samples of lung for anionic charge site localization in alveolar and capillary basement membranes in human tissue is discussed. Tissue fixed in either paraformaldehyde-lysine-periodate or 1% paraformaldehyde with 0.05% glutaraldehyde, cut into 30 mu sections, and incubated with the cationic probe, polyethyleneimine, was processed for electron microscopic analysis using standard techniques. Anionic charge sites were identified and regularly distributed in increments of approximately 40-50 nm in the lamina rara externa of the alveolar basement membrane, with lesser amounts found in the lamina rara interna and lamina densa. Anionic charge sites were also demonstrated in the interstitial portion of the capillary basement membrane and on cell surfaces. These methods can be used to more broadly define the localization of anionic charge sites in human lung tissue in both normal and pathologic states. PMID- 3158700 TI - Alloantigen presentation by B cells: two types of alloreactive T cell hybridomas, B cell-reactive and B cell-nonreactive. AB - T cell-depleted, Sephadex G-10-passed unstimulated splenic B cells from C57BL/6 mice stimulated splenic T cells from CKB mice to produce IL 2 and to proliferate. The stimulatory ability of the unstimulated B cells was eliminated by 4000 rad irradiation of the unstimulated stimulator B cells. LPS-activated B cells could stimulate responder T cells more efficiently than unstimulated B cells. For further analysis of allostimulation by B cells, we established a series of alloreactive T cell hybridomas. Forty-five percent of these alloreactive T cell hybridomas could be stimulated to produce IL 2 by either macrophage-dendritic cells or unstimulated B cells. Fifty-five percent of these alloreactive T cell hybridomas could be stimulated by macrophage-dendritic cells but not by unstimulated B cells. T cell hybridomas that were not reactive with unstimulated B cells were also nonreactive to LPS-activated B cells. Analysis of two representative I-Ab-reactive T cell hybridoma clones, B cell-reactive clone CB 11.4 and B cell-nonreactive clone HTB-9.3, revealed again that the stimulatory ability of unstimulated B cells was sensitive to 4000 rad irradiation in the activation of CB-11.4 clone and that CB-11.4 could be stimulated more efficiently by LPS-activated B cells than by unstimulated B cells, but HTB-9.3 could not be stimulated by LPS-activated B cells. Thus, there may be two distinct types of T cells in the alloreaction: B-cell-reactive and B cell-nonreactive. PMID- 3158701 TI - Antigenic profile and functional characterization of human peritoneal macrophages. AB - The antigenic profile and the functional properties of human peritoneal macrophages have been analyzed by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) and functional assays. All peritoneal macrophages were stained by the anti-class I HLA MoAb Q6/64. Between 40 and 100% of the cells were stained by the anti-HLA DR + DP MoAb Q2/80, Q5/6, and Q5/13; approximately 80% of the cells were stained by the anti-HLA-DQ MoAb BT3.4, and about 95% were stained by the anti-macrophage MoAb OKM1. Peritoneal macrophages were not stained by the anti-dendritic cells MoAb Ki-M4 or by MoAb to T cell subsets, although all of the MoAb were reactive with the appropriate substrates. More than 60% of the cells expressed Fc receptors and C3 receptors, and displayed phagocytic activity. Peritoneal macrophages were effective in stimulating autologous and allogeneic lymphocytes and in presenting soluble antigens to T cells. These reactions were blocked by the anti-HLA-DR + DP MoAb Q5/13, but were not affected by the anti-dendritic cells MoAb Ki-M4 or by the anti-class I HLA MoAb Q6/64. These results suggest that human peritoneal macrophage preparations, without detectable contamination with dendritic cells, can induce proliferation of autologous and allogeneic T cells, and that class II HLA antigens play a significant role in these phenomena. PMID- 3158702 TI - Human neuroblastoma cell lines are susceptible to lysis by natural killer cells but not by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - The susceptibility of human neuroblastoma cells to direct cellular cytotoxicity has not been previously established. This is of particular interest because of their aggressive growth and low HLA expression. Neuroblastoma lines CHP 100 and CHP 126 were found to be excellent targets in 4-hr CML assays. Natural killer (NK) cells from fresh PBL and from an NK clone, 3.3, have high lytic activity against both cell lines. We also studied mixed lymphocyte culture-generated cytotoxic lines containing allo-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) directed against HLA antigens present on the neuroblastoma target cell lines. These lines did show excellent lytic activity, but cold target competition studies indicated that all of the lysis resulted from NK activity. This was verified by using inhibition studies with the use of monoclonal antibodies. OKT 3 and anti-HLA antibodies that block CTL function caused no reduction in kill. In contrast, anti lymphocyte function antigen-1 (anti-LFA-1), which blocks both NK and CTL function, significantly inhibited lysis. These results serve as a functional confirmation of earlier findings of a very weak expression of HLA-A,B,C and beta 2-microglobulin on neuroblastoma cells. PMID- 3158703 TI - The characteristics of binding of human recombinant interferon-gamma to its receptor on human monocytes and human monocyte-like cell lines. AB - Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induces many effector functions in macrophages, presumably through binding to cell surface receptors. Such receptors have been documented in murine macrophages. This report demonstrates that IFN-gamma interacts with a specific receptor on human monocytes and monocyte-like cell lines, U937 and HL60. Recombinant IFN-gamma (rIFN-gamma) was radioiodinated by using Bolton-Hunter reagent to high specific activity. 125I-rIFN-gamma bound in a specific and saturable manner. Saturation of binding sites occurred at 10(-9) M (300 U/ml); there were 4000 specific binding sites per cell for both monocytes and the cell lines. Purified lymphocyte-derived IFN-gamma as well as rIFN-gamma competed for binding sites with 125I-rIFN-gamma. There was no inhibition of binding of the 125I-rIFN-gamma by rIFN-alpha or rIFN-beta. The forward rate constant, k1, at 4 degrees C was about 8 X 10(5) M-1 sec-1 for each cell type studied. In the presence of excess ligand, the dissociation rate constant, k-1, was about 2 X 10(-4) sec-1. The Ka calculated from these constants (4 X 10(9) M 1) agreed closely with that calculated from experiments performed at equilibrium (8 X 10(9) M-1). Because the dissociation of rIFN-gamma from cells was enhanced in the presence of ligand, interactions between binding sites of a negative cooperative type could be operative. These studies demonstrate that rIFN-gamma binds in a specific and saturable manner and with high affinity to a receptor on human monocytes as well as monocyte-like cell lines. PMID- 3158704 TI - A role for helper cell subpopulations in a genetically controlled cytolytic T lymphocyte response to the H-2Db antigen. AB - The primary cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to the H-2Db antigen in several strain combinations appears to be under genetic control. Our studies were undertaken to determine the mechanisms involved in responders that were absent from the nonresponders and that led to CTL generation. In these studies, H-2Dk anti-H-2Db combinations served as CTL responders, and H-2Dd-anti-H-2Db combinations served as CTL nonresponders. The nonresponsiveness of the H-2Dd-anti H-2Db strain combinations appeared to be due to the inability of the Db antigen to activate a helper cell subpopulation. The activation of this helper cell subpopulation, as demonstrated in the H-2Dk-anti-H-2Db response, resulted in the production of factors that led to the induction of CTL differentiation. Antigen specific pre-CTL for Db were present in the nonresponders as well as in the responders. Interleukin 2 (IL 2)-producing cells were also present in both nonresponders and responders, because all strain combinations tested in this system produced detectable levels of IL 2. Additional analysis of these data suggested that different determinants on the H-2Db antigen were recognized by distinct populations of cells. The activation of pre-CTL and IL 2-producing cells by the recognition of determinants on the H-2Db antigen was not sufficient for the generation of effector CTL, as demonstrated in the H-2Dd-anti-H-2Db response. We suggest that determinants on the H-2Db antigen that are distinct from those recognized by pre-CTL and IL 2-producing cells are recognized by a helper cell subpopulation in the H-2Dk strains, and that activation of this subpopulation is required for the production of factors that mediate CTL differentiation. This is the first description of the role that CTL differentiation factors play in a genetically controlled response. PMID- 3158706 TI - Human C5a modulates monocyte Fc and C3 receptor expression. AB - FcIgG and C3 (CR1 and CR3) receptors are responsible for binding opsonized particles, phagocytosis, and immune adherence reactions by circulating and tissue fixed mononuclear phagocytes. Alterations in the expression of these receptors may thus significantly influence the function of these cells. Because chemoattractants have been shown to both recruit and modulate the function of monocytes, this study specifically examines the effects of human C5a and N-formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenyl-alanine (FMLP) on human peripheral blood monocyte FcIgG and C3 receptor expression in vitro. Adherent, elutriator-purified monocytes were incubated with C5a (10(-7) to 10(-10) M) or FMLP (10(-5) to 10(-10) M) for 30 min at 37 degrees C, and FcIgG receptor expression was assessed by rosetting with sheep erythrocytes sensitized with limiting dilutions of IgG. Human C5a caused dose-related increases in Fc rosettes of 28% at 10(-9) M, 63% at 10(-8) M, and 167% at 10(-7) M (p less than 0.01). In contrast, no significant increases in monocyte Fc receptor expression were induced by FMLP. Similar rosetting experiments were performed with sheep erythrocytes opsonized with limiting amounts of human C3b to assess C3b receptor expression on adherent human monocytes stimulated with C5a (10(-7) to 10(-10) M) or FMLP (10(-6) to 10(-9) M) for 30 min at 37 degrees C. Again, human C5a caused dose-related increases in monocyte C3b rosette formation; at 10(-8) M and 10(-7) M concentrations of C5a, these increases equaled 119% and 196%, respectively (p less than 0.05). In these experiments, 10(-6) M FMLP also caused a significant increase of 110% in monocyte C3b rosette formation (p less than 0.05). Modulation of monocyte cell surface receptors by human C5a or FMLP was also examined by measuring cell fluorescence and side scatter by dual channel flow cytometry after staining normal leukocytes in citrated venous blood with receptor-specific monoclonal antibodies. These flow cytometric studies demonstrated that both C5a and FMLP induce dose-related increases in CR1 (C3b receptor) and CR3 (iC3b receptor) expression in both monocytes and neutrophils.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3158705 TI - Regulation and deregulation of the fluid-phase classical pathway C3 convertase. AB - Three mechanisms that regulate the formation and function of the fluid-phase classical pathway C3 convertase (C4b2a) have been elucidated: a) a temperature mediated intrinsic decay of the enzyme; b) an extrinsic accelerated decay mediated by the effect of the serum protein C4b-binding protein (C4-bp); and c) the inactivation of C4b in the C4b-C4b-p complex by the proteolytic action of C3b/C4b inactivator (I), which cleaves the alpha 1-chain of C4b yielding C4d (alpha 2-chain), and C4c (alpha 3-, alpha 4-, beta-, gamma-chains). A fourth mechanism is described based on the observation that the IgG fraction of the serum of certain patients with glomerulonephritis contains a protein that prevents the intrinsic and C4-bp-mediated decay of surface-bound C4b2a. This protein prolongs the half-life of fluid-phase C4b2a from 10 min to more than 5 hr, increasing the utilization of C3. It also inhibits the decay mediated by C4 bp by preventing the dissociation of C2a from the C4b, 2a complex. In addition, I alone or in the presence of C4-bp fails to cleave the alpha 1-chain of C4b in the stabilized C4b, 2a complex. This protective property of the stabilizing factor (NFc) requires the presence of C2a because C4b was not protected unless it was bound to C2a. Therefore, NFc provides a mechanism by which the serum regulatory proteins are bypassed. PMID- 3158707 TI - Studies on the cytolytic attack mechanism of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL): preparation of antisera against cellfree cytosolic extracts of a CTL clone capable of blocking the lethal hit stage of CTL cytolysis and analysis of the cytolytic structure. AB - Rat antiserum (as well as purified IgG and F(ab')2 fragments) raised against cellfree cytosolic extracts (CFE) of an alloimmune cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone (B6.1.SF.1) is a potent inhibitor of CTL-mediated cytotoxicity. Inhibition by this antiserum (termed alpha CTLL) occurred during the postbinding lethal hit stages of cytolysis, because it did not inhibit target cell binding, nor did it prematurely dissociate CTL-target cell conjugates; inhibition was observed regardless of the H-2 haplotype of the target cell or CTL employed; inhibition was reversible when pretreated, and washed CTL were used as effectors; and in Ca++ pulse experiments alpha CTLL inhibited cytolysis beyond the Ca++-dependent (lethal hit) stage of cytolysis. This antiserum did not inhibit lysis of P815 cells by activated murine macrophages or by human cytotoxic cells, and extensive absorption of the antiserum on viable thymocytes, normal spleen cells, or CTL did not reduce its blocking activity. CFE prepared from several sources of CTL, including in vivo elicited peritoneal exudate lymphocytes (PEL), secondary MLC generated CTL, alloimmune splenic T cells, and CTL clones, contained material(s) that inhibited the ability of alpha CTLL to block CTL-mediated cytolysis. The inhibitory activity was not detected in CFE from a variety of noncytotoxic cell sources, including thymocytes, normal C57BL/6 spleen cells, EL4 or P815 tumor cells, macrophages, and helper T cell clones. It was also absent in CFE prepared from human CTL cells. Furthermore, although alpha CTLL neutralizing activity was not detectable in CFE prepared from memory CTL, it rapidly appeared in CTL parallel to the development of cytolytic activity during secondary MLC cultures. The inhibitory material in CTL-CFE appeared to be specific for alpha CTLL antibody, as it did not affect the CTL blocking activity of anti-Lyt-2 or anti target cell antisera. Finally, CTL-CFE did not contain proteases that degraded the alpha CTLL antibody. By the use of a soluble-phase immunoabsorbent assay, the biochemical properties of materials present CFE derived from CTL and reactive with alpha CTLL antibody were examined. CTL cytosolic material(s) reactive with alpha CTLL IgG was unstable to brief heating (50 degrees C) or acidic pH, but not to high ionic strength buffers. The material was inactivated by treatment with pronase but not by DNase, collagenase, or trypsin. Gel filtration chromatography of CTL-CFE revealed multiple peaks of alpha CTLL neutralizing activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3158708 TI - The antibody molecule to common acute lymphocytic leukemia (cALL) antigen used the identical or closely related VH gene segment as that of MOPC-21 immunoglobulin heavy chain. AB - We have cloned a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (VH) region gene (NL-1-H-5) from the cells of a mouse hybridoma, NL-1, which produce a monoclonal antibody against the common acute lymphocytic leukemia (cALL) antigen. The DNA base sequence of NL-1-H-5 clone revealed that the VH region gene of NL-1 cells used the identical or closely related leader (L) and VH gene to those of the myeloma cell line MOPC-21. There were seven base differences, and six of them were found in the second complementary-determining hypervariable region (CDR-2). The five nucleotide differences in CDR-2 resulted in the variation of amino acid residues of positions 54, 56, 58, and 59. In particular, nucleotide changes at position 56 and 59 yielded tyrosine residues which might be involved in a part of the antibody-combining site structure for cALL antigen. PMID- 3158709 TI - Influence of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides on tumor cell recognition in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - The ability of an Ia+ B cell lymphoma, AKTB-1b, to stimulate thymocytes in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction is dependent on its prior treatment with either swainsonine or deoxynojirimycin, two inhibitors of the processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. In the absence of drug treatment, the tumor cells fail to stimulate thymocytes, whereas pretreatment of the tumor cells with either drug results in a five- to 10-fold increase in their ability to induce thymocyte proliferation. Drug-treated AKTB-1b stimulates thymocytes at levels comparable to those obtained with allogeneic splenocytes. In contrast, the untreated lymphoma does stimulate splenic lymphocytes, and pretreatment with either inhibitor only marginally increases the response. Genetic studies demonstrate that the thymocyte response is still H-2 locus restricted and can be blocked by monoclonal antibodies against two tumor cell major histocompatibility antigens, H-2K and I-A. Drug treatment does not change cell surface I-A expression, and H-2K levels are apparently decreased one-third by deoxynojirimycin but are not affected by swainsonine. To verify that the drug protocol used was capable of altering the glycoconjugates of membrane-associated proteins, the endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (endo H)-sensitivity of immunopurified H-2K and I-A was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. These studies demonstrated that swainsonine treatment does result in cell surface expression of glycoconjugates with altered oligosaccharide moieties. Likewise, deoxynojirimycin treatment results in the cell surface expression of an I-A alpha polypeptide with altered oligosaccharide chains while only marginally affecting H-2K and not affecting the I-A beta chain. An intracellular form of the I-A beta chain sensitive to endo H digestion in the presence of deoxynojirimycin is not detectable at the cell surface. Neuraminidase-digested AKTB-1b are also capable of stimulating allogeneic thymocytes. These studies demonstrate that changes in the glycosylation state of the tumor cell can markedly influence its recognition by allogeneic lymphocytes, and further, that different T cell populations differ in their response to such changes. PMID- 3158710 TI - Solid-phase radioassay for the determination of binding activity of solubilized tritiated Fc gamma receptor of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. AB - The reductive methylation procedure for proteins in solution has been adapted for tritium radiolabelling of surface components of macrophages, including the Fc gamma receptor. High specific radioactivity of the receptor was obtained with no loss of IgG binding activity, tested by the solid-phase radioassay. To prepare the support for the assay, cellulose filter paper was CNBr-activated and a diamine hydrocarbon reagent was attached as the spacer chain. Next, TNP-hapten residues were covalently coupled to free amine groups. Antibody-coated TNP-paper discs were used as the solid phase for the competitive binding radioassay for the determination of IgG-binding activity of purified Fc gamma receptor. The developed radioassay permits the detection of low affinity interactions and/or low quantities of Fc receptors. PMID- 3158711 TI - Recalcified plasma as nutrient additive in mixed lymphocyte culture. AB - Animal or human blood protein is a costly but necessary additive to tissue culture. This supplemental protein is provided by the addition of pooled serum or heparinized plasma to standard tissue culture media. Many blood centers store CPDA-1 anticoagulated plasma, a form that does not provide optimal support of mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). The optimal amount of CaCl2 (1 ml of 1 M CaCl2/100 g) added to citrate plasma and the use of glass vessels result in a completely clotted product that is comparable in MLC support to commercially available pooled human serum. Laboratories that have access to CPDA-1 plasma can replace the growing demand for serum with recalcified plasma without sacrificing quality. PMID- 3158712 TI - The composition of the ceramides from human stratum corneum and from comedones. AB - Human epidermal surface lipids were collected by an ethanol wash and the ceramides were quantified by thin-layer chromatography-photodensitometry. Six ceramide fractions were isolated and the structural components of each were analyzed in detail. The most unusual of the epidermal ceramides contained a sphingosine base with amide-linked 30- and 32-carbon omega-hydroxyacids and an ester-linked nonhydroxyacid, 41% of which was linoleic acid. The proportion of linoleic acid in the analogous ceramide from comedones was 6%. This supports the hypothesis that a localized insufficiency of linoleic acid in the follicular epithelium is an etiologic factor in comedogenesis. PMID- 3158713 TI - Tumor promoter-stimulated protein phosphorylation in mouse epidermis is inhibited by bromophenacyl bromide. AB - Phosphorylation of mouse epidermal proteins by endogenous protein kinases and production of arachidonic acid are processes stimulated by the tumor promoter 12 O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. In mouse epidermal homogenates, each process, as well as production of diacylglycerol (the physiologic activator of protein kinase C), was inhibited by bromophenacyl bromide at concentrations equivalent to those that inhibit tumor promotion. These results lend support to the hypothesis that tumor promotion in mouse skin may be mediated by activation of protein kinase C. PMID- 3158714 TI - Antibody titers to Propionibacterium acnes cell wall carbohydrate in nodulocystic acne patients. AB - In order to determine which structures in Propionibacterium acnes are most antigenic to severe acne patients, we studied the specificity of anti-P. acnes antibodies in serum from 15 nodulocystic acne patients and 5 normals. Complement fixation titers to P. acnes cell wall fractions were determined using guinea pig serum as a complement source. The mean titers of patients and normals to whole cells were 39.6 and 3 (p less than 0.1); to crude cell wall, 138 and 8 (p less than 0.01); and to protein and nucleic acid-free cell wall, 225 and 9.33 (p less than 0.001), respectively. The mean precipitin titer to P. acnes cytosol was 12.7 for patients and 0 for normals. Immunoelectrophoresis of cytosol from 8 P. acnes strains were developed with each of the 15 patient sera. A single broadly migrating anionic antigen was detected. The antigen was also present in P. acnes culture supernatants. Sephadex G-100 chromatography of cytosol revealed a single peak of antigenic reactivity at Mr = 100,000. Three patients' sera revealed a second weakly reacting antigen in the cytosol preparation. Twentyfold concentration of immunoglobulin from patient sera failed to reveal any other antigenic reactivities. The antigen was found to be resistant to nuclease, pronase, and lysozyme treatment; was precipitable with 70% ethanol; and was destroyed by sodium m-periodate--findings that are consistent with a carbohydrate structure. PMID- 3158715 TI - [Relationship between cardioplegic dosage and effects of myocardial protection in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy]. PMID- 3158716 TI - [Flow-cytometric analysis of changes of lymphocyte subsets in the blood of cancer patients during radiotherapy. 7. Special reference to OKT4/OKT8 ratios]. PMID- 3158717 TI - Fibronectin mediates chemotactic factor-stimulated neutrophil substrate adhesion. AB - Plasma fibronectin has been implicated as an important determinant of neutrophil adhesion to plastic surfaces. Using a monoclonal antifibronectin antibody, we examined the role of fibronectin (Fn) in chemotactic factor-mediated neutrophil attachment to various substrates. The chemotactic factor N-formyl-methionyl leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) significantly enhanced neutrophil adherence to multiple substrates including gelatin, gelatin coated with Fc fragments of human IgG or Fn, plastic alone, plastic coated with Fc fragments, or purified plasma Fn. An IgM monoclonal antibody to plasma Fn significantly inhibited FMLP stimulated neutrophil attachment to gelatin, gelatin-Fc, gelatin-Fn, plastic, plastic-Fc, and plastic-Fn substrates when compared with the parent line myeloma supernatant or an irrelevant IgM monoclonal antibody. No reduction in FMLP stimulated adherence to the gelatin-plasma or plastic-plasma substrates occurred in the presence of antibody. Anti-Fn antibody reduced FMLP-stimulated adhesion only when present during the entire assay; incubation of cells or substrates alone with antibody, followed by removal of excess antibody before addition of stimulus incubation, failed to alter adherence. These data suggest that neutrophil-derived Fn may play a role in chemotactic factor-induced neutrophil adherence to both collagenous and noncollagenous substrates. Further support for the hypothesis was suggested by the demonstration of release of immunoreactive Fn into incubation media from FMLP-stimulated neutrophils. PMID- 3158718 TI - 125I-labelled human interferons alpha, beta and gamma: comparative receptor binding data. AB - Binding of 125I-labelled human recombinant DNA interferons (IFNs) alpha-2, beta and gamma was compared on various human lymphoid cells and embryonic fibroblasts. While binding constants were within an order of magnitude for all three interferons (10(-10) to 10(-9) M), no competition was observed between IFN-gamma on the one hand and IFN-alpha 2 and IFN-beta on the other. However, consistent with previous reports, IFN-alpha 2 and IFN-beta competed for presumably common receptors. Depending on the cell type, binding sites for IFN-gamma were expressed in different numbers compared to those for IFN-alpha 2 and IFN-beta. These direct comparative binding studies support the hypothesis that the receptor system for IFN-gamma is unrelated to the IFN-alpha/beta system. PMID- 3158719 TI - A comparison of the evolutionary distribution of the two neuroendocrine markers, neurone-specific enolase and protein gene product 9.5. AB - One- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting has been used to examine the phylogenetic distribution of the two neuronal and neuroendocrine proteins, neurone-specific enolase and protein gene product 9.5, in animal brains. A new immunoblotting procedure was used in which complex two-dimensional patterns of brain proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose paper simultaneously with the Coomassie Blue stain. This produced a copy of the blue spot pattern against which brown protein spots reacting in a specific antibody-immunoperoxidase procedure could be identified unequivocally. Extracts of human, bovine, sheep, rabbit, rat, guinea-pig, chicken, trout, and frog brains were examined. Proteins cross-reacting with antisera to the human forms of both proteins could be demonstrated in all species examined. This suggests that proteins corresponding to neurone-specific enolase and protein gene product 9.5 could have evolved at least 400 million years ago and have been highly conserved throughout evolution. PMID- 3158720 TI - Gastrocnemius muscle lipids in relation to diet in two mouse mutants, 129Re-dy and A2G-adr, with abnormal muscle function. AB - The lipids of gastrocnemius muscle from normal and dystrophic (dy) mice of the Bar Harbor, 129Re strain were studied. Animals were fed diets containing either 3.1% or 1.1% of total calories as linoleic acid. Lipid analyses were also done on muscle from a new mouse mutant, A2G-adr, which has abnormal muscle function, characterised by an arrested development of the righting response. These animals were fed the "high" linoleic acid diet only. Total lipid, triacylglycerol, and cholesterol were elevated in the 129Re-dy irrespective of the diet, whereas A2G adr possessed significantly higher levels of cholesterol. Total phosphorus (micrograms P/g muscle) and cholesterol/phospholipid ratios were elevated in the dy strains only. Cardiolipin was raised in the dy ("low" linoleic diet) and adr muscle, whereas phosphatidylcholine was lower in the adr strain only. Linoleic acid esterified to phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine was elevated whereas arachidonic acid in phosphatidylserine was decreased in both mutants. Docosahexanoic acid (22:6) in all three dy phospholipids was decreased, independent of dietary treatment. The adr strain possessed normal levels of this fatty acid. The results specifically point to an abnormality in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in gastrocnemius muscle in the 129Re-dy mutant; in the adr mutant they could reflect an abnormal increase in the number of muscle mitochondria. PMID- 3158721 TI - Atypical distribution of asymmetric acetylcholinesterase in mutant PC12 pheochromocytoma cells lacking a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan. AB - We studied the distribution of the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in a stable variant (F3) of the rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC12, that lacks a heparan sulfate proteoglycan on the cell surface. After treatment with nerve growth factor F3 cells synthesize less 4S enzyme, and more 10S and 16S enzyme than normal PC12 cells. This distribution is similar to that seen in normal cells after incubation with beta-D-xylosides, molecules that interfere with proteoglycan assembly. Using collagenase treatment and membrane-permeable and impermeable inhibitors of AChE, we determined the cellular location of the AChE forms. Although in normal cells greater than 90% of the 16S AChE is on the cell surface, approximately 60% is present in an internal pool in the variant. Following irreversible inhibition of all forms of AChE in the variant, the newly synthesized 16S AChE appears in the internal pool after a 1-h lag, but is not detected on the cell surface until after 2.5 h. Our results thus show that 16S AChE is assembled internally within neuronal cells and that alterations in the synthesis and distribution of proteoglycans affect the total amount and cellular localization of the 16S AChE form. PMID- 3158722 TI - Neuronal distribution in the putamen in Huntington's disease. AB - The numbers of neurons were counted in the ventral and dorsal anterior and ventral and dorsal posterior part of the putamen of 11 Huntington's disease and nine control patients. The process of neuronal cell loss in Huntington's disease proved to be unevenly spread throughout the putamen; the ventral anterior part was relatively spared as compared with the other parts of the putamen. A significantly higher number of neurons was found in the ventral part of the putamen in the controls. PMID- 3158724 TI - Coincidental fluctuations of humoral immunity and clinical progression in a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. AB - Serum and cerebrospinal fluid were obtained from a 6-year-old male with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Specimens were collected over a 9-month period beginning in the unusually acute phase and ending in a more quiescent phase of the disease. Immune complexes, auto-antibodies and viral antibodies were measured by radio-immunoassays. Fluctuations in these humoral immune parameters coincided with cessation of the acute phase of this disease. The results show that neurological changes in SSPE patients can be reflected in immune responses within both the peripheral circulation and the central nervous system. PMID- 3158723 TI - Huntington's disease: visuomotor disturbance in patients and offspring. AB - In 15 patients with Huntington's disease, 17 offspring at risk and 63 healthy controls, visuomotor performances were assessed by quantitative (statistical) and qualitative analysis. The much enlarged error score of the nondominant left hand in patients with Huntington's disease was explained as callosal dyspraxia. Five of the 17 offspring revealed results similar to that of the patients. PMID- 3158725 TI - Immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in oncology patients receiving chemotherapy. AB - We evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of three 40 micrograms doses of hepatitis B vaccine in oncology patients receiving chemotherapy. Of 76 patients screened for entry into the study, 13 (17%) already had been exposed to hepatitis B and were ineligible; 26 chose to join the study. The cumulative life-table response rate during the 12-month observation period was 70.8%; adequate immune response was linked to survival, 73% in survivors completing the study and 9% in nonsurvivors. Adverse effects were minor. We conclude that hepatitis B vaccine is safe and usually effective in inducing immunity in oncology patients younger than 60 years of age who are receiving chemotherapy. PMID- 3158726 TI - Metastatic medullary thyroid cancer: localization with iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine. AB - A patient in whom metastatic medullary thyroid cancer was diagnosed underwent a scintigraphic examination using [131I]MIBG. Multiple hot lesions and diffuse hepatic uptake were noted corresponding to bone and liver metastases. Iodine-131 MIBG may prove to be useful for scintigraphic localization and for the treatment of medullary thyroid cancer as in pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma. PMID- 3158727 TI - Effect of unlabeled indium oxine and indium tropolone on the function of isolated human lymphocytes. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of indium oxine and indium tropolone complexes (nonradiolabeled) on the function of isolated human lymphocytes. peripheral lymphocytes were obtained from 15 normal volunteers and incubated with indium oxine or indium tropolone according to the standard techniques currently used when cells are radiolabeled for subsequent in vivo studies. The phytohemagglutinin-induced (PHA) lymphocyte transformation and a more specific lymphocyte functional test (the mixed lymphocyte reaction) were performed following incubation with the indium complexes. The results indicate that PHA transformation is not affected by either indium oxine or indium tropolone, whereas both chelates reduced the mixed lymphocyte reaction. This suggests that these substances have a selective toxic effect only on a functionally distinct lymphocyte subset (i.e., the cytotoxic T cells) and indicates that there is no significant difference between the two indium chelates in terms of their effect on lymphocyte function. PMID- 3158728 TI - The effect of electrical current on the healing of mandibular freeze-dried bone allografts in dogs. AB - Low levels of electrical current have been shown to affect the process of osseous repair. This study experimentally evaluated the effect of electrical stimulation on the healing of freeze-dried mandibular allogeneic bone grafts in dogs. Healing of the grafts was monitored by sequential submento-occlusal radiographs and radionuclide bone imaging at two, four, six, and eight weeks after grafting. Results indicated no significant difference in the osseous repair of stimulated and nonstimulated freeze-dried allogeneic bone grafts. PMID- 3158729 TI - Sequential technetium-99m/gallium-67 scintigraphic evaluation of subclinical osteomyelitis complicating fracture nonunion. AB - Twenty-four patients with a history of post-traumatic fracture nonunion underwent sequential 99mTc and 67Ga citrate scintigraphy in an attempt to differentiate between posttraumatic fracture nonunion and nonunion complicated by subclinical osteomyelitis. Neither technetium nor gallium studies alone nor in combination, with or without clinical correlation, could help delineate between fracture nonunion and nonunion complicated by subclinical osteomyelitis because of the increased technetium and gallium radioisotope uptake associated with the nonunion site. PMID- 3158730 TI - Long-term adjustment to physical disability: the role of social support, perceived control, and self-blame. AB - One hundred middle-aged and elderly spinal-cord-injured persons were interviewed an average of 20 years after the disability occurred. Respondents answered questions concerning perceived control, attributions of blame, and the nature of the social comparisons they made. Three existing standardized instruments were used to measure adjustment: Index of Psychological Well-Being, Life Satisfaction Index, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. For all three outcome measures, respondents reported levels of well-being only slightly lower than population means of nondisabled persons of similar age. Controlling for health status and current income, we found that persons who have high levels of social support, who are satisfied with their social contacts, and who feel they have high levels of perceived control report high levels of well-being. Self blame and the perceived avoidability of the cause of the disability correlated only moderately with the three measures of adjustment, suggesting that there are important differences between coping successfully immediately after a traumatic event has occurred and coping successfully many years later. PMID- 3158731 TI - D-2 dopamine receptors in aging mouse striatum: determination of high- and low affinity agonist binding sites. AB - Striatal D-2 dopamine receptors in homogenates from aged male C57BL/6J mice were examined for high and low-affinity agonist binding. High-affinity dopamine binding requires the ternary complex of the D-2 receptor and a guanine nucleotide binding regulatory protein (N). Thus, changes in the interaction of D-2 and N could contribute to previously reported changes in agonist binding in aged rodents and humans. Qualitative experiments indicated no age-change in the ability of guanine nucleotides to reduce the apparent potency of dopamine at D-2 receptors. Also, no age differences were observed in the ability of guanine nucleotides to decrease N-[3H]propylnorapomorphine binding, suggesting that the ability of guanine nucleotides to dissociate D-2 and N was similar with age. Quantitative determination of the high- (RH) and low-affinity (RL) agonist binding components of striatal D-2 dopamine receptors in the absence of guanine nucleotides indicated differences in the density of RH, and the percentage of D-2 receptors measured as RH, between the ages of 3 and 12 months. No changes in RH or percentage of RH occurred after midlife. In contrast, the total D-2 receptor population, [3H]spiperone maximum binding, declined progressively from 3 to 24 months. Age-changes were restricted to D-2 receptor density; the dissociation constants for agonist and antagonist binding were similar across age. The data suggest that age-changes in striatal D-2 dopamine receptors can occur in the density of the D-2 receptor and in the mechanism that confers the property of high-affinity agonist binding upon the D-2 receptor. PMID- 3158732 TI - Action of bepridil, a new calcium channel blocker on oxidative phosphorylation, oligomycin-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase activity, swelling, Ca++ uptake and Na+-induced Ca++ release processes of rabbit heart mitochondria in vitro. AB - Effects of bepridil [1-[3-isobutoxy-2]benzylphenyl-amino)propyl pyrrolidine) on oxidative phosphorylation, oligomycin-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase, swelling, Ca++ uptake and Na+-induced Ca++ release processes of mitochondria isolated from rabbit heart were investigated. Bepridil, in concentrations greater than 5 microM, produced uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and stimulated oligomycin-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase activity. At low concentrations it prevented inorganic phosphate-induced swelling and associated depression of oxidative phosphorylation. Its effectiveness in preventing swelling and depression of oxidative phosphorylation was found to be dependent on inorganic phosphate concentration. A concentration of 1 microM of bepridil was effective in producing 50% less depression of phosphorylating respiration in the presence of 10 mM inorganic phosphate. Concentrations of bepridil above 25 microM inhibited the rate of Ca++ uptake. A 50% inhibition of Ca++ uptake was observed at 93 microM bepridil. The rate of Na+-induced Ca++ release was also inhibited by bepridil. A 50% inhibition of the rate of Na+-induced Ca++ release occurred at 11 microM of bepridil. When the Na+-dependent Ca++ release process was about 80% inhibited by 25 microM bepridil, the uptake process still remained at the same level as the untreated control. Results suggest that in addition to reported effects on sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria are also affected by bepridil. PMID- 3158734 TI - A shear test evaluation of a new, modified, unfilled resin. AB - A shear test was conducted under simulated oral environmental conditions to examine the retention of a new, commercially available modified unfilled resin in comparison with a conventional unfilled resin provided by the same manufacturer. Within the experimental limits of this study no difference was observed between the retention of the conventional and the modified unfilled resins to enamel specimens. However, for dentin specimens the modified resin was clearly superior to the conventional resin, which gave essentially zero retention. With the recommended procedure, the retention of the modified resin to dentin was 13% of that for the retention of either resin to enamel. It was also observed microscopically that the new resin demonstrated good wetting ability of the dentinal surface. The retention of the two resins to dentin with various surface treatments was determined. The recommended surface preparation procedures of cleaning the dentin surface with hydrogen peroxide followed by a water rinse gave equivalent, if not superior, results to a 1-minute etch with phosphoric acid or citric acid followed by a water rinse. PMID- 3158733 TI - Pharmacological study on angusticeps-type toxins from mamba snake venoms. AB - Five angusticeps-type toxins, F7, F8 and C10S2C2 from Dendroaspis angusticeps and C and FS2 from D. polylepis polylepis, were tested for action on the chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle, the frog rectus abdominis muscle and the mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations. In the chick muscle, none of these toxins exhibited any stimulatory effect up to 100 micrograms/ml. In the frog muscle, the response to acetylcholine, but not to carbachol, was enhanced dose dependently by F7 and C. No appreciable effect was observed with the other three toxins. In the mouse diaphragm, also only F7 and C augmented responses to indirect stimulation and produced spontaneous fasciculations. On tetanic stimulation, a marked Wedensky inhibition was observed. Their stimulatory effect was abolished by d tubocurarine. In the presence of d-tubocurarine as well as in the denervated mouse diaphragm, neither toxin increased responses to direct stimulation. In low calcium (0.6 mM) or high magnesium (4.2 mM) medium, the stimulatory effect of both toxins was markedly attenuated. The resting membrane potential of the mouse diaphragm was not changed. The amplitude and frequency of MEPPs and the quantal content and the half-decay time of EPPs was increased. Both toxins also produced a stimulatory effect on the isolated guinea-pig ileum, which was abolished by atropine. In the rat atrial preparation, both toxins caused negative inotropic and chronotropic effects, which were reversed by atropine. If pretreated with atropine, these effects were completely prevented. Both F7 and C markedly inhibited the cholinesterase activity of the homogenized mouse diaphragm and frog rectus abdominis muscle but not that of the chick biventer cervicis muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3158735 TI - [X-ray computed tomography and recent injuries of the abdomen]. AB - Computed tomography was performed in 38 patients with a recent abdominal trauma. Results of this procedure are presented in lesions of the spleen (4 cases), liver (15 cases), pancreas (6 cases), gastrointestinal tract (2 cases), kidney (15 cases). Indications of computed tomography in emergency are only limited by the small number of units. Computed tomography should play an important role in the management of patients with a severe abdominal trauma. PMID- 3158736 TI - [Production of nonsurgical intrahepatic portacaval shunt in portal hypertension using a Gruntzig balloon dilatation catheter]. AB - Nonsurgical intrahepatic shunts between the left portal and left hepatic vein were successfully produced in 14 dogs with portal hypertension. Dilatation of the intrahepatic tract was achieved by means of a Gruntzig angioplasty catheter with an inflated balloon diameter of 12 mm. This catheter was coaxially introduced into the portal vein, through the 18 French catheter of a Dotter's coaxial catheter system placed initially into the portal system via transjugular approach. The intrahepatic portocaval shunts created in this fashion, proved to be effective in immediate reduction of increased portal pressure and no significant complications were encountered. PMID- 3158737 TI - Dysmenorrhea. AB - Dysmenorrhea affects over 50% of menstruating women and causes extensive personal and public health problems, a high degree of absenteeism and severe economic loss. In primary dysmenorrhea there is no macroscopically identifiable pelvic pathology, while in secondary dysmenorrhea gross pathology is present in the pelvic structures. With primary dysmenorrhea the pain is suprapubic and spasmodic, and associated symptoms may be present. Characteristically dysmenorrhea starts at or shortly after menarche. The pain lasts for 48-72 hours during the menstrual flow and is most severe during the first or second day of menstruation. It is now clear that in many women with primary dysmenorrhea the pathophysiology is due to increased and/or abnormal uterine activity because of the excessive production and release of uterine prostaglandins. Treatment with many of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs) will produce significant relief from dysmenorrhea and a concomitant decrease in menstrual fluid prostaglandins. For dysmenorrheic women who desire oral contraception, this agent will relieve the dysmenorrhea by suppressing endometrial growth, thus resulting in a decrease in the menstrual flow as well as in menstrual fluid prostaglandins. For those not requiring oral contraception the drug of choice for primary dysmenorrhea remains a prostaglandin inhibitor. Laparoscopy need be resorted to only if a pelvic abnormality is detected on examination or if treatment with prostaglandin inhibitors for up to six months is not significantly effective. In secondary dysmenorrhea, relief is obtained when the pelvic pathology--such as ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids, adhesions, cervical stenosis, congenital malformation of the uterus and endometriosis--is treated. In women using IUDs the dysmenorrhea is readily controlled with prostaglandin inhibitors since the underlying pathophysiology is excessive prostaglandin production and release. PMID- 3158738 TI - Bowel injuries during laparoscopy. Gross anatomy and histology. AB - Bowel injuries during laparoscopy can result from either electrical damage or direct trauma. When electrocoagulation is used with laparoscopy, it is frequently assumed that any bowel injury is from that source. That assumption might not be accurate. In animal studies we evaluated the histologic characteristics of both electrical and traumatic bowel injuries. A consistent difference in injury pattern, both gross and microscopic, was noted. With a high degree of accuracy, those histologic and gross characteristics can be used to distinguish traumatic from electrical injuries following operative laparoscopy. PMID- 3158739 TI - Coexistence of gonadal dysgenesis and uterine aplasia. A case report. AB - A 16-year-old woman who presented with amenorrhea had absence of the uterus, a normal vagina and gonadal dysgenesis. PMID- 3158740 TI - Role of radionuclide studies in paediatric orthopaedic practice: a review. PMID- 3158741 TI - The role of balloon angioplasty in the management of coronary artery disease. AB - PTCA is a new technique for the treatment of certain patients with coronary artery disease. It involves dilatation of stenotic segments of artery using a balloon catheter, and is carried out in cardiac catheterization laboratories. If successful, the need for coronary bypass surgery may be removed, although some patients with initially successful PTCA will come to surgery eventually. Successful PTCA is associated with relief of angina, improved angiographic appearances and coronary perfusion. The primary success rate is between 65% and 80%, and the restenosis rate approximately 25%. 80% of patients will be angina free one year after PTCA. In this paper the indications, contraindications, technology, results and complications are discussed. PMID- 3158742 TI - Attenuation control of the Escherichia coli phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase operon. AB - The pheST operon codes for the two subunits of the essential enzyme phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase. The nucleotide sequence of the regulatory regions of the operon, in vitro transcription data and in vivo experiments indicate that the operon is controlled by attenuation in a way similar to many amino acid biosynthetic operons. In this work the control of the pheST operon was studied in vivo by measuring the effect of deletions in the regulatory regions on downstream expression. The presence of a strong promoter followed by an approximately 90% efficient terminator in front of the structural parts of the operon is demonstrated. An open reading frame coding for a 14 amino acid long leader peptide containing five phenylalanine residues is located between the promoter and the terminator. The presence of the transcription terminator is shown to be essential to the operon's regulation. The localization of the promoter and the terminator agrees with the results of previous in vitro experiments. It is also shown that about 30% of the transcripts covering the pheST operon come from the upstream gene, rplT, which codes for the ribosomal protein L20. Although cotranscription exists between rplT and pheST, these genes are not systematically coregulated since reducing the translation of rplT about tenfold, does not change pheST expression. The pheST operon is also shown to be derepressed by a cellular excess of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. This derepression is shown to be due to the pheST attenuator. PMID- 3158743 TI - Eclipse kinetics as a probe of quaternary structure in bacteriophage phi X174. AB - The extracellular form of bacteriophage phi X174 consists of single-stranded DNA within an icosahedral capsid, which has short spikes at each of its vertices. Each spike is composed of gene G and H proteins, while the capsid itself consists of gene F protein. Since several molecules of gene H protein are injected into the cell along with the DNA, specific protein--protein and DNA--protein interactions must be broken when the genome exits and leaves an intact capsid structure at the receptor site. To demonstrate this we examined the eclipse (DNA ejection) reaction with two types of phi X174 mutants. The first contains missense mutations in a capsid or spike protein gene, and the second involves insertions or deletions in non-coding regions of the DNA. Using an improved procedure, the eclipse rate in vivo of the eclipse mutants Fcs70 has been redetermined over a larger temperature range than in previous studies. The three- to fivefold decrease in rate between 37 degrees C and 25 degrees C is due to an increase in both the enthalpy and entropy of activation when compared to the wild type values of these kinetic parameters. This missence mutation also confers an increase in virus stability in 2 to 3 M-urea. In contrast to this, inserting 163 bases into the length of DNA packaged within the phi X174 capsid does not lead to a detectable change in eclipse rate over the same temperature range. yet this insertion into the J--F intercistronic region imparts a significant decrease in virus stability in urea. These results suggest that a specific set of non covalent interactions is involved in phi X174 DNA ejection. This is supported by the small (50%), but significant, increase in eclipse rate that occurs when 27 bases are deleted from the J--F intercistronic region. The latter effect must be base-sequence-specific since no change in rate is observed when only seven of the 27 bases are deleted. Thus, the kinetics of the phi X174 eclipse reaction can be used as a sensitive probe of quaternary structure by correlating the change in reaction rate with alterations in amino acid and base sequences in the structural components of the virus. PMID- 3158744 TI - Regulatory light chains and scallop myosin. Form of light chain removal or reuptake is dependent on the presence of divalent cations. AB - Readdition of regulatory light chains to regulatory light chain denuded scallop myofibrils, in the presence of magnesium, results in a negatively co-operative restoration of calcium sensitivity as a function of regulatory light chain content. The form of the stoichiometry curves obtained in the presence of 10 mM EDTA, by light chain removal from scallop myofibrils at various temperatures, are parabolic in shape, consistent with a random removal process. However, in the presence of EDTA at low temperatures, regulatory light chains are removed in a biphasic manner, indicating that the binding constants of the light chains for each myosin head are not equivalent under these conditions. It is shown here that as the temperature is raised, light chain removal by EDTA approaches that of a random process. The stoichiometry curves obtained in the presence of 10 mM-EDTA may therefore be seen as a composite of both a biphasic removal process (temperatures below 20 degrees C) and a random removal process (temperatures above 20 degrees C), there being a temperature-dependent switch in the myosin molecule between 17 and 23 degrees C that governs the mode of light chain removal. These results indicate that both myosin heads must contain light chains for calcium sensitivity and are consistent with our earlier proposals for head head co-operativity within the scallop myosin molecule. PMID- 3158746 TI - Multiple cardiac contractile protein abnormalities in myopathic Syrian hamsters (BIO 53 : 58). AB - Hearts of genetically myopathic male hamsters (BIO 53 : 58) were studied at 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 to 5 months and 7 months of age. The time course of alterations in the cardiac myofibrillar ATPase activity, the relationship of myofibrillar ATPase activity to free [Ca2+], myosin ATPase activity and the distribution of heavy chain myosin isoenzymes were evaluated. Mg2+-Ca2+ ATPase activity of cardiac myofibrils in myopathics was increased in 4 month and 7 month old hamsters. Elevated Mg2+ ATPase activity was found as early as in 2-month-old hamster. However, there was no loss in the regulation of the myopathic myofibrillar assembly as measured by the PCa response (10(-7) M to 10(-4) M Ca2+). Scans of SDS electrophoresis slab gels of cardiac myofibrillar proteins from control (C) and myopathic animals (M) did not show any differences at any age group (1, 4 and 7 months). There was a significant decrease in myosin Ca2+ ATPase activity and actin activated Mg2+-ATPase activity at 4 to 5 months and 7 months of age in the myopathic hearts. At all ages in normal and myopathic animals cardiac myosin consisted of three isoenzymes, V1, V2 and V3. At all ages in controls and at 1 to 3 months in myopathics, V1 predominated and the isoenzyme distribution was V1 greater than V2 greater than V3. However, in myopathics at 4 to 5 months, the distribution was V1 = V3 greater than V2 and at 7 months was V3 greater than V2 greater than V1. Our experiments suggest alterations in different components of the contractile protein system that occur at different stages of myopathy. PMID- 3158745 TI - Removal of tropomyosin overlap and the co-operative response to increasing calcium concentrations of the acto-subfragment-1 ATPase. AB - The co-operative response of regulated actomyosin ATPase to increasing concentrations of calcium has been attributed to nearest-neighbor interactions, presumably between troponin-tropomyosin complexes. The degree of co-operativity was not decreased after the carboxy-terminal 11 amino acid residues had been removed from tropomyosin by carboxypeptidase A. This indicates that the interactions between neighboring troponin-tropomyosin complexes do not occur through the overlapping tropomyosin ends. PMID- 3158747 TI - Intraluminal balloon catheter occlusion for major vena cava injuries. AB - Obtaining control of bleeding inferior vena caval (IVC) lacerations poses problems such as iatrogenic tears with vascular clamps and/or increased blood loss due to dissection and mobilization. We present three cases where balloon catheters were introduced through the laceration proximally and distally to obtain control of bleeding followed by repair with very minimal further dissection. All patients survived. This technique is recommended for rapid, effective control of such injuries. PMID- 3158748 TI - In vivo study of Dacron aortic grafts through B-mode ultrasonography. AB - Real-time B-mode ultrasonography was used to study in vivo the behavior of bifurcated aortic grafts (Dacron knitted) implanted over a period of 1 to 88 months previously in 67 patients, 28 of whom (42 per cent) were hypertensive. Most grafts showed an increase in size, when compared with the original one, which appeared to be closely related to arterial pressure (P less than 0.05). This increase was not dependent on the time elapsed from implant. PMID- 3158749 TI - Balanitis as a fixed drug eruption to tetracycline. AB - Fixed drug eruptions are a rarely reported complication of tetracycline therapy. For poorly understood reasons, the epithelium of the glans penis seems unusually susceptible to this type of reaction. We report 3 additional cases of balanitis secondary to orally administered tetracycline and suggest that there may not be cross sensitivity to doxycycline. PMID- 3158750 TI - Localization of hematoporphyrin derivative in injured bladder mucosa. An experimental study. AB - Hematoporphyrin derivative, a fluorescent mixture of porphyrins, has the putative property of being retained in neoplastic tissue after systemic administration. This preferential retention is the basis for the use of this agent as a tumor localizer and tumor photosensitizer. The retention of hematoporphyrin derivative in non-neoplastic but regenerating urothelium has not been reported. In this study, thermal urothelial injury was induced in Fischer 344 rats. Animals were then injected intravenously with hematoporphyrin derivative at 3 days, 1, 2, 3 and 6 weeks after injury. Photography under ultraviolet illumination was used to detect porphyrin fluorescence in the bladder mucosa. Up to 3 weeks after injury porphyrin fluorescence was detectable in areas of inflammation and hyperplasia around the area of injury. This study suggests that in this experimental model HpD fluorescence is not specific for neoplasia. PMID- 3158751 TI - Adventitial cystic disease of the popliteal artery: failure of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty as a therapeutic modality. AB - Adventitial cystic disease of the popliteal artery is an important cause of peripheral vascular insufficiency in the young and middle-aged man. The pathologic feature is a mucinous cyst located within the adventitia of the artery that expands and secondarily compromises the vessel lumen. Although physiologically quite different, this process is easily mistaken for arteriosclerosis. The clinical history of sudden claudication in a young nonsmoking man, combined with characteristic angiographic features, are important clues to the correct underlying pathology. Treatment generally consists of cyst evacuation or local bypass. This article was prompted by the failure of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty to achieve durable success in controlling this unique type of arterial disease. Subsequent surgical intervention proved satisfactory, lending support to this modality as the treatment of choice. PMID- 3158753 TI - Intramural dissection of superior mesenteric artery. A complication of attempted renal artery balloon dilation. AB - A patient with a right renal artery stenosis and renovascular hypertension was admitted for balloon dilation of the stenotic artery. During the procedure the catheter entered the superior mesenteric artery and caused a mural dissection and occlusion, which was successfully treated by endarterectomy and vein patch angioplasty. Delayed ischemia of the transverse colon required resection and colostomy, but the patient recovered fully after colostomy closure and cholecystectomy were performed. PMID- 3158752 TI - Small-bowel obstruction caused by intraluminal migration of prosthetic grafts. AB - Two patients who had undergone prosthetic grafting in the venous system presented with small-bowel obstruction. The first had undergone mesocaval shunting with a Dacron graft and the second, replacement of the inferior vena cava with a polytetrafluoroethylene graft after an extensive resection of retroperitoneal tumor. In both instances the grafts were within the lumen of the small bowel, causing a mechanical obstruction. No evidence of retroperitoneal bleeding subsequent to detachment of the grafts was noted. PMID- 3158754 TI - The risk of AIDS after hepatitis vaccination. PMID- 3158755 TI - Polypodium fern wreaths (Hagnaya). A new source of occupational mite dermatitis. PMID- 3158756 TI - Presymptomatic testing for Huntington's disease. AB - Recombinant DNA technology has made possible the identification of a DNA marker for Huntington's disease (HD). In spite of limitations to a presymptomatic test based on this work, and a variety of ethical and policy concerns associated with presymptomatic testing in general, it is likely that such a testing program can and will soon be developed. Its impact needs to be carefully considered by the health care community and policymakers. A presymptomatic test for HD is sought by those at risk and should be made available with proper safeguards to protect confidentiality. Given its potential impact, testing should be offered in a setting that provides diverse and continuing support. Research institutions with a variety of counseling programs, health care professionals, HD lay organizations, and society at large can work together to develop programs that provide the support necessary for responsible, autonomous decision making. PMID- 3158757 TI - Cellular immunity to sperm in infertile women. AB - To investigate further whether immunity to sperm contributes to some cases of infertility in women, the production of leukocyte inhibitory factor by blood mononuclear cells challenged with human sperm in vitro was measured in women with infertility associated with poor results of postcoital tests or long-term unexplained infertility. Five (36%) of 14 infertile patients but none of nine fertile volunteers responded significantly to sperm in this assay. No study subject had serum IgG or IgM antibodies to sperm detected. These data provide additional evidence consistent with the possibility that cellular immunity to sperm-specific antigen(s) functions in the primary pathogenesis of infertility in some women. PMID- 3158758 TI - Hepatitis B vaccination and AIDS. PMID- 3158759 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Recommendations for protection against viral hepatitis. PMID- 3158760 TI - [Adult T-cell leukemia with OKT4 and OKT8 subsets]. PMID- 3158761 TI - [Cell surface markers of childhood leukemias and lymphomas]. PMID- 3158762 TI - [Determination of cerebral blood flow using an electromagnetic flowmeter]. PMID- 3158763 TI - [Determination of cerebral blood flow by ultrasound Doppler flowmetry]. PMID- 3158764 TI - [Determination of cerebral blood flow by laser Doppler velocimeter]. PMID- 3158765 TI - [Effect of trapidil on cerebral circulatory dynamics in cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 3158766 TI - [Extraction and purification of a cystine-rich polypeptide of normal subjects and a patient with palmo-plantar keratoderma]. PMID- 3158767 TI - [Assistance extended to handicapped hemodialysis patients--practice of social service]. PMID- 3158768 TI - Characterization of the effect of pH on the excitation-contraction coupling system of canine masseter muscle. AB - The effect of pH on the excitation-contraction coupling system of canine masseter muscle was studied by evaluating the functional integrity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and myofibrils. Increasing proton concentration (pH 7.0-5.8) significantly reduced oxalate supported SR calcium uptake velocity, while Ca2+ stimulated, Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity was unaffected by pH. The efficiency ratio of calcium transport, or the coupling ratio (mumoles Ca2+ transported/mumoles ATP hydrolyzed), decreased from 1.094 +/- 0.042 at pH 7.0 to 0.946 +/- 0.036 at pH 6.0 (P less than 0.05) and to 0.780 +/- 0.024 at pH 5.8 (P less than 0.01). Myofibrillar pCa (-log [free Ca2+] )-ATPase activity was unaffected between pH 7.0 and pH 6.5. At pH 6.0, increasing Ca2+ concentration inhibited myofibrillar ATPase activity, and this inhibitory phenomenon was accentuated at pH 5.8. Kinetic analysis of the myofibrillar pCa-ATPase data, utilizing double-reciprocal plots, demonstrated an increase in Km at low pH. It is concluded that acidosis significantly uncouples calcium transport from ATP hydrolysis in the SR of masseter muscle and significantly alters myofibrillar ATPase activity. It is hypothesized that these defects may explain an observed depression in skeletal muscle cell function during ischemia. PMID- 3158769 TI - Interaction of 5-hydroxytryptamine and ketanserin in rat vas deferens subjected to low frequency field stimulation. AB - The interaction of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and ketanserin was investigated in isolated rat vas deferens. Ketanserin (10(-7) M) almost completely abolished the phasic and the following rhythmic contractions induced by 5HT, whereas the inhibition by prazosin (10(-6) M) or methysergide (10(-6) M) of 5HT-induced contractions were incomplete. The amplitude of twitch contractions of vas deferens subjected to low frequency (0.1 Hz) field stimulation were substantially unchanged by 5HT (10(-7)-10(-5) M) per se. After pretreatment of the tissue with ketanserin (10(-8)-10(-6) M), 5HT, in a concentration-dependent manner, attenuated the amplitude of twitch contractions. Such attenuation of the amplitude was not observed after pretreatments with methysergide (10(-8)-10(-6) M) or prazosin (10(-7)-10(-5) M). The 5HT-induced inhibition of twitch contractions in the presence of ketanserin was not antagonized by phentolamine, propranolol, methysergide, morphine, promethazine, cimetidine, atropine or indomethacin. It is suggested that 5HT has dual (excitatory and inhibitory) effects upon nerve transmission of rat vas deferens, and only the excitatory effect is suppressed by ketanserin. PMID- 3158770 TI - Anergy for delayed-type hypersensitivity in preleukemic AKR mice. AB - A singular anergy for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in preleukemic AKR mice was discovered. This total anergy for DTH against allogeneic cells, which developed in the AKR mice by 4 to 5 months of age, was not due to an artifact of route of sensitization or of other assay parameters and was not found in other strains sharing H-2 or other genetic background. The mice had an intact capacity to be stimulated in mixed lymphocyte culture to produce cytotoxic effector cells. Although the relationship to lymphoma was not directly addressed in these experiments, the genetic and temporal characteristics of this anergy suggest a biologically important relationship to the preleukemic state. PMID- 3158771 TI - Expression of histocompatibility antigens and characterization of mononuclear cell infiltrates in normal and neoplastic colorectal tissues of humans. AB - Serial frozen sections were prepared from 22 colorectal carcinomas. Additional samples were obtained from the adjacent normal bowel in 10 patients, from 6 concomitant adenomas in 5 patients, and from another 4 isolated adenomas. Mononuclear cell infiltrates were stained by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique with the use of a panel of 6 mouse monoclonal antibodies to human leukocyte antigens. The degree of infiltration was graded from 4 (heavy) to 0 (nil). The colorectal carcinomas and adjacent normal bowel showed an equal degree of leukocyte infiltration (HLe-1), graded 3-4 in 8 cases and 2-3 in the other 2 cases. In 7 carcinomas cytotoxic-suppressor T-lymphocytes (UCHT-4) graded 2-3 predominated over helper T-cells (OKT-4) graded 0-1. By contrast, in the adjacent normal bowel cytotoxic and helper cells were present in equal numbers. Among the adenomas leukocyte infiltration was grade 4 in 9 and grade 3 in 1. In 9 of the 10 adenomas cytotoxic cells graded 2 predominated over helper cells graded 0-1. The number of helper cells was equivalent among 6 concomitant adenomas and carcinomas from 5 patients. Adenomatous epithelial cells expressed class II major histocompatibility complex antigens (OKIa-1). However, carcinomatous or normal epithelium showed only faint staining with OKIa-1. The similarity in cell infiltration is consistent with an adenoma-carcinoma sequence. The predominance of cytotoxic cells in carcinomas that expressed class I major histocompatibility complex supports the association between lymphocyte infiltration and a favorable prognosis. PMID- 3158773 TI - [Suppressor T cells in the tuberculin reaction]. PMID- 3158772 TI - Genetic control of hapten-reactive helper T-cell responses and its implications for the generation of augmented antitumor cytotoxic responses. AB - The genetic control of hapten-reactive helper T-cell activity involved in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses and its implications for augmenting tumor specific immunity were studied. C57BL/6N mice were immunized to trinitrophenyl (TNP) or N-iodoacetyl-N'-(5-sulfonic l-naphthyl)ethylenediamine (AED) hapten by inoculation of hapten-modified syngeneic spleen cells. Spleen cells from these hapten-immunized mice were tested for hapten-reactive helper T-cell activity for generation of CTL. TNP-primed spleen cells resulted in only marginal help for the generation of anti-TNP-modified syngeneic spleen cell (TNP-self) CTL response when cocultured with normal C57BL/6N spleen cells (responding cells) in the presence of TNP-self. In contrast, AED-primed spleen cells exhibited appreciable help for AED-induced CTL responses. Furthermore, AED-helper, but not TNP-helper, T-cell activity was demonstrated to augment the generation of antitumor (RBL-5 leukemia) CTL responses from normal syngeneic spleen cells when stimulated with the corresponding hapten-self plus RBL-5 tumor cells. These results indicate that the successful augmentation of syngeneic tumor immunity through T-T-cell interaction with the use of hapten-reactive helper T-cells can depend on selection of the appropriate haptenic reagent in an individual expressing a given major histocompatibility haplotype. PMID- 3158774 TI - [Characteristics of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with different forms of arterial hypertension based on echocardiographic data]. AB - Echocardiographic investigation of 110 patients with different forms of stable arterial hypertension demonstrated a moderately close correlation between left ventricular myocardial weight, and systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension and chronic diffuse glomerulonephritis, and a weak correlation between left-ventricular myocardial weight and systolic pressure in patients with renovascular hypertension and chronic unilateral or predominantly unilateral pyelonephritis. Inadequate left-ventricular hypertrophy has similar incidence (15-20%) in patients with different forms of arterial hypertension, whereas excessive hypertrophy only occurs in patients with essential hypertension. The frequency of asymmetrical hypertrophy differs in the two groups. PMID- 3158775 TI - [Dynamics of myocardial function of the left and right ventricles based on electrocardiographic data after the surgical closure of interventricular septal defects]. AB - A retrospective study of postoperative electrocardiographic and pulmonary hemodynamic changes in 145 patients operated on for isolated interventricular heart defects demonstrated that the ECG-documented reverse development of the hypertrophic process in the right and left ventricles was not always in evidence. Positive ECG developments were mostly observed within the first 2 years. Residual signs of the hypertrophic process persisted at further follow-up. Pathologic changes in the right ventricle are more flexible and regress rapidly following the operation. Indications for surgery should be established at least from the time of the onset of the first electrocardiographic signs of developing cardiac compensation. PMID- 3158777 TI - [I. P. Pavlov and M. V. Nesterov]. PMID- 3158776 TI - Morphologic contribution on gross hematuria in mild mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis without crescents. AB - In order to clarify the pathogenesis of gross hematuria in mild forms of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis without crescents, systematic light microscopic, immunohistologic, electron microscopic, and some scanning electron microscopic investigations were carried out on 17 cases of this disease, in part on serial sections. The investigations produced the following results: In gross hematuria, erythrocytes pass into Bowman's space in the area of basement membrane ruptures. The basement membrane ruptures occur at sites where the basement membrane is infiltrated in its entire width by aggregated immune complexes. This occurs when these immune complexes are detached from the basement membrane by lysosomal digestion. As a working hypothesis, it is furthermore considered possible that in diseases accompanied by increased IgA production, circulating IgA is deposited at a higher rate in the glomerular filtration barrier and it is there degraded by an excessive reaction of local cells before morphologically identifiable immune complexes appear. In this process the basement membrane undergoes local destruction. It is also assumed that in gross hematuria, immune complexes other than IgA or hitherto unknown substances enter the basement membrane during the filtration process and trigger frustrane phagocytosis at the basement membrane by their presence, with consecutive basement membrane destruction. It is pointed out that gross hematuria occurs most often in mild forms of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with IgA and C3 deposits in the mesangium and sometimes also in the capillary periphery. It could be shown that in mild forms of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, hematuria occurs more often in the male sex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3158778 TI - [Growth of the Department of Internal Diseases at the S. M. Kirov Leningrad Institute for the Advanced Training of Physicians (on the 100th anniversary of the institute)]. PMID- 3158779 TI - [Laparoscopic cholecystostomy as the 1st stage in the surgical treatment of patients with mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 3158780 TI - [Lumbalgia among adolescents]. PMID- 3158781 TI - Effect of progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate on pregnancy length and litter size in mink. AB - The objective of these studies was to determine the effect of progesterone and medroxyprogesterone injected at varying times post coitum on gestation length and litter size. During a 3-year period mink females of "Standard" strain were given progesterone at a dose 5 mg at 15 and 20 days in the first year and at 17-20 days in the second year, after the last mating. The respective control groups were given the vehicle. Medroxyprogesterone acetate was given in the second year at a dose of 4 mg at 14-19 days following the last mating and in the third year at a dose of 2 mg at 8 days after the last mating. The results on pregnancy length and litter size after progesterone injections in the experimental and respective control groups were as follows: 52.7 days and 4.3 kits, 51.3 days and 4.3 kits, 52.2 days and 5.8 kits, 50.2 days and 4.8 kits, 44.7 days and 5.6 kits, 46.0 days and 6.1 kits. A dose of 4 mg MPA resulted in the blockage of parturition in pregnant females. After administration of MPA at doses of 2 mg at 8 days following the last mating, the pregnancy length and litter size in the experimental group were: 48.0 days and 6.1 kits and in the control: 52.2 days and 4.8 kits. PMID- 3158782 TI - Cyclosporine abrogation of second-set rejection: dependence upon major histocompatibility complex disparity. AB - The purpose of these experiments was to evaluate the use of cyclosporine (CyS) in preventing accelerated rejection in donor-specific presensitized hosts by comparing its efficacy in donor-recipient strain combinations that were either haploidentical or completely mismatched at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Lewis X Brown Norway F1 (LBN) (Rt1(1)n) secondary heart allograft survival was prolonged indefinitely in CyS-treated Lewis (Rt1(1] recipients while ACI (Rt1a) grafts were ultimately rejected despite maintenance use of CyS. However, graft survival was significantly prolonged in these latter experiments with mean survival times (MSTs) of 29.4 +/- 32.1 days (CyS 10 mg/kg/day) and 19.4 +/- 21.1 days (CyS 15 mg/kg/day) compared to both untreated second-set controls (MST of 3.9 +/- 0.8 days, P less than 0.05), and untreated primary graft recipients (MST of 6.9 +/- 0.4 days, P less than 0.05). An attempt to identify suppressor cells in the long-term Lewis recipients of LBN hearts using an adoptive transfer experiment was unsuccessful when the spleen donors were still receiving CyS. Conversely, in a control experiment using spleens from CyS prolonged primary graft recipients in which splenectomy was performed after cessation of CyS, subsequent adoptive transfer did significantly prolong test heart graft survival in three of seven rats suggesting that suppressor cells may have been present. These data suggest that CyS is an effective immunosuppressant in presensitized hosts when MHC disparity is incomplete but that it cannot indefinitely prevent rejection in donor-recipient combinations that are completely mismatched at the MHC. Moreover, they suggest that splenic suppressor cells may not be present in animals concurrently receiving CyS. PMID- 3158783 TI - Deleterious effects of cardiopulmonary bypass. A prospective study of bubble versus membrane oxygenation. AB - A number of hematologic and immunologic parameters that reflect erythrocyte and platelet damage and host defense mechanisms against infection were studied in 20 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass during coronary operations. The patients were randomly assigned to a group in which a bubble oxygenator or a hollow-fiber membrane oxygenator was used. Hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and significant release of beta thromboglobulin occurred in patients from the bubble oxygenator group and, to much lesser extent, in patients from the membrane oxygenator group. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes from bubble oxygenator patients demonstrated increased generation of reactive oxygen species in the resting state and in the presence of the stimulating agents N-formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, concanavalin A, and opsonized zymosan, as compared with cells from membrane oxygenator patients. No difference was found between bubble and membrane oxygenator patients in the time of occurrence or intensity of leukopenia during bypass, of leukocytosis at the end of bypass, nor in the rate of complement activation, as assessed by quantitation of plasma C3a antigen. Complement activation was dependent on the alternative pathway. Immunoglobulin M concentration significantly decreased during bypass in both groups of patients. The serum opsonizing capacity for endotoxin and serum bactericidal activity for Serratia marcescens were decreased in both groups, mainly because of hemodilution, although they were additionally affected by bubble oxygenation. Several deleterious hematologic consequences of cardiopulmonary bypass can be minimized by the use of a membrane oxygenator. However, complement activation remains a potential risk factor even in membrane oxygenator patients and requires further investigation to obtain better hemocompatible materials for cardiopulmonary bypass circuits. PMID- 3158784 TI - Reduced platelet activation and improved hemostasis after controlled cardiotomy suction during clinical membrane oxygenator perfusions. AB - Platelet damage and postoperative blood loss are less severe after cardiopulmonary bypass performed with a membrane oxygenator than with a bubble oxygenator. However, this advantage of the membrane oxygenator can be partly negated by the platelet damage caused by cardiotomy suction, which implies the aspiration of air along with suction of blood. In order to reduce platelet damage by cardiotomy suction, we developed an automatic controlled cardiotomy suction system by which the aspiration of air was prevented. We evaluated platelet damage in a group of 28 patients (uncontrolled suction, n = 13; controlled suction, n = 15), and we studied the relationship between increasing volumes of cardiotomy suction and postoperative blood loss in a second group of 80 patients (uncontrolled suction, n = 47; controlled suction, n = 33). All patients underwent a coronary artery bypass operation with a membrane oxygenator. We measured significantly lower beta thromboglobulin concentrations during perfusions of approximately 2 hours and we observed a tendency toward shorter postoperative bleeding times if controlled cardiotomy suction was used. There were no significant differences between uncontrolled and controlled cardiotomy suction in platelet number and adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation. However, blood loss 18 hours postoperatively was significantly less in the controlled than in the uncontrolled suction group when the total volume of cardiotomy suction exceeded 65 L., which corresponded to perfusion times of over 3 hours. In conclusion, prevention of the aspiration of air along with suction of blood significantly reduced platelet activation and postoperative blood loss, particularly when large volumes of blood were aspirated. PMID- 3158786 TI - Acquired immunological tolerance in aged mice. II. The cellular basis of the loss of tolerance sensitivity. AB - Aged C57Bl/6 mice (12 and 24 month) become resistant to tolerance induction with deaggregated human IgG (DHGG). The cellular basis for this tolerance resistance was investigated using adoptive transfer systems and challenged with endotoxin and antigen in the form of heat aggregated HGG. DHGG induced antigen specific suppressor cells in the spleens of aged mice although not in young mice and aged normal splenocytes were more sensitive to suppression. Low dose cyclophosphamide treatment to ablate suppressor cells did not curtail tolerance induction in aged animals. These observations coupled with the transient nature of B cell tolerance in aged mice suggest that the tolerance defect of senescence lies in the B cell compartment. PMID- 3158785 TI - Stimulated lymphoid cells of B lineage, but not plasma or myeloid cells, can express E receptor. AB - After culture with 20-30% autologous or allogeneic T cells and PHA, at least a proportion of the pathological cells from a variety of B-cell proliferations (common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, prolymphocytic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with blood involvement by mature lymphoid (cleaved and non-cleaved) cells) expressed true endogenous sheep erythrocyte (E) receptors. In contrast, plasma cells and a variety of myeloid cells failed to express E receptors after similar in vitro stimulation. These data, taken in conjunction with previous findings with B cells from normals and patients with hairy-cell and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, suggest that B cells earlier than plasma cells can express E receptors after appropriate stimulation. The findings provide an in vitro counterpart of the leukaemic proliferations expressing both E receptor and surface immunoglobulin described from various laboratories, and further question the lineage specificity of the E receptor. PMID- 3158787 TI - [Biologic material for closure of abdominal wall defects]. AB - A new preparation process was studied which should allow the implantation of collagen type I in its native structure in reconstructive surgery, in this special case for closure of incisional hernias. As experimental animals we used 30 female Lewis rats. A defect of the anterior abdominal wall - measuring 3 X 4 cm - was closed with our collagen substitute. Biopsies were taken after 4, 6 and 8 weeks and examined morphologically. As criteria for revitalization and revascularisation we used type of immigrated cells, depth and density of immigration and formation of new blood vessels. After 4 weeks the implants were immigrated by fibroblasts, density diminishing towards the centre. On the muscle implant-interface good revascularisation could be seen. After 6 weeks density of immigrated cells has distinctly increased even in the centre of the collagen implant. Sporadically small vessels could be seen. Eight weeks after implantation density of immigrated cells was at the same high level, and capillary bundles could be seen within the whole implant. We think that the studied collagen implant is suitable for the closure of hernias as shown by its physical and morphological properties. Especially it seems to guarantee an earlier and tighter closure of hernias in comparison to other materials. PMID- 3158789 TI - Dopamine receptor antagonists inhibit the natriuretic response to atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). AB - The diuretic and natriuretic response of anesthetized rats to low doses of semi purified atrial extracts or synthetic alpha-hANP was completely blocked by intravenous injection of 50 micrograms of haloperidol or chlorpromazine. Sulpiride or metoclopramide at the same doses did not show this effect. We conclude from these results that dopamine receptors, probably of the D1-type, are involved in the natriuretic effect of the atrial peptides. PMID- 3158788 TI - Effect of 5-thio-D-glucose on testosterone biosynthesis in vivo in mice testes. AB - Testicular synthesis of (14C)cholesterol and (14C)testosterone from (14C)acetate were investigated in mice treated with 5-thio-D-glucose at a dose of 33 mg/kg body weight/day for 21 days. The testicular synthesis of free cholesterol as well as steroids were significantly decreased. The steroid synthesizing enzymes, cholesterol esterase, cholesterol side-chain cleaving enzyme, total alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and total beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, were also analysed. Cholesterol esterase and total beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were significantly reduced whereas total alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was unaffected. Hence, a decrease in free cholesterol for steroid synthesis and a decreased activity of the steroidogenic enzyme, beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, were responsible for the diminished synthesis of testosterone. PMID- 3158790 TI - [Leningrad roentgenologists in World War II]. PMID- 3158791 TI - [Contribution of the Naval Medical Academy roentgenologists to victory over fascist Germany]. PMID- 3158792 TI - [Work of the Department of Roentgenology at the State Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education during World War II and the blockade of Leningrad]. PMID- 3158793 TI - [Workers of the Central Scientific Research Roentgenoradiological Institute of the USSR Ministry of Health in World War II]. PMID- 3158794 TI - [Roentgenological service of the Kuibyshev Medical Institute in World War II]. PMID- 3158795 TI - [The "Red Guard" factory in World War II]. PMID- 3158796 TI - Primary structure of the trpC gene from Aspergillus nidulans. AB - We have determined the structure and complete nucleotide sequence of the trifunctional trpC gene from the Ascomycetous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Results from RNA gel blot analyses showed that this gene encodes two size classes of polyribosomal, poly (A)+RNAs with approximate lengths of 2,400 and 2,600 nucleotides. S1 nuclease protection studies demonstrated that the distribution into the two size classes is due to selection of alternative sites for polyadenylation. The transcription units contain a single open translation reading frame of 2,304 nucleotides. The sequence of this reading frame is approximately 40% divergent from the sequence of the functionally analogous trp-1 gene from Neurospora crassa (Schechtman, M.G. and Yanofsky, C., J. Mol. Appl. Gen. 2:83-99). The predicted amino acid sequence of the A. nidulans trpC polypeptide is also 40% divergent from the predicted amino acid sequence of the N. crassa trp-1 polypeptide. The A. nidulans gene has considerably less bias in codon selection than observed for the N. crassa gene. Discrete regions of DNA homology were also found in similar positions in the 5' and 3' flanking sequences of the Aspergillus and Neurospora genes. Similar regions of homology were not observed in other Aspergillus or Neurospora genes that have been sequenced. Thus, if these evolutionarily conserved sequences act as signals for transcription initiation or polyadenylation, or are involved in gene regulation, their functions are restricted to a subset of protein coding genes in these two closely related fungi. PMID- 3158797 TI - Inhibitors of thymidylate synthesis increase whereas thymidine decreases meiotic recombination in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - We have demonstrated the effect of different media on meiotic recombination in Drosophila melanogaster. Recombination is more frequent when the medium is deprived of bases, nucleosides and nucleotides. We have shown that two inhibitors of thymidylate (dTMP) synthesis - aminopterin inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) inhibiting thymidylate synthetase - result in a significant increase in meiotic recombination in the yellow/white region on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Moreover the addition of thymidine to the richest medium significantly lowers normal recombination. Such studies represent a powerful tool for future studies on the mechanism of meiotic recombination. PMID- 3158798 TI - Involvement of DNA polymerase III in UV-induced mutagenesis of bacteriophage lambda. AB - It has been proposed that the mutation fixation processes stimulated by SOS induction result from an induced infidelity of DNA replication (Radman 1974). The aim of this study was to determine if mutator mutations in the E. coli DNA polymerase III might affect UV-induced mutagenesis. Using a phage lambda mutation assay which can discriminate between targeted and untargeted mutations, we show that the polC74 mutator mutation (Sevastopoulos and Glaser 1977) primarily affects untargeted mutagenesis, which occurs in a recA1 genetic background and is amplified in the recA+ genetic background. The polC74 mutation also increases the UV-induced mutagenesis of the bacterial chromosome. These results suggest that DNA polymerase III is involved in the process of UV-induced mutagenesis in E. coli. PMID- 3158800 TI - Muscle tissue oxygen pressure in patients with arterial occlusive disease. AB - Oxygen pressure histograms were determined with the multiwire surface electrode from the gastrocnemius muscle in patients with arterial occlusive disease and compared with those of healthy volunteers. Seven out of 22 patients had normally distributed histograms like volunteers, but the mean PO2 values were lower than the total mean value of the volunteers. Fifteen patients showed scattered histograms with dominating low PO2 values. Ten out of 11 patients suffering from diabetes mellitus had scattered histograms. When perfusion pressure was impaired by elevating the leg or the musculature was stressed in 7 patients the histograms' form of all these patients changed significantly. Median PO2 fell in all cases with clinically decompensated occlusive disease. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of an occlusion of the superficial femoral artery led to a significant shift of the histogram to higher PO2 values. The scattered histograms of patients suffering from arterial occlusive disease are thought to be caused by an inhomogeneous blood flow probably induced by the closure of arterioles. PMID- 3158799 TI - Dual function of the alcohol dehydrogenase of Drosophila melanogaster: ethanol and acetaldehyde oxidation by two allozymes ADH-71k and ADH-F. AB - Until recently the alcohol dehydrogenase of Drosophila melanogaster was thought to act only in the first step of primary alcohol oxidation, producing an aldehyde. Instead, acetic acid is the main product of a two-step process. A rapid procedure was developed for the isolation and purification of two allozymes. The thermostability of the purified enzymes was found to be very different, t 1/2 at 35 degrees C, being 45 min and 130 min for ADH-F and ADH-71k respectively. The kinetic parameters of ethanol oxidation by the two purified allozymes were determined within physiological substrate and coenzyme ranges. The use of artificial electron acceptors has a notable influence on the ethanol oxidation: the apparent Michaelis constants increase; the oxidation rate with ADH-71k increases, whereas it decreases with ADH-F. Purified ADH is shown to be able to catalyze the oxidation of acetaldehyde solely in the presence of NAD+, and PMS and MTT as artificial electron acceptors. From the kinetic data the relative in vivo oxidation rates of ethanol by both ADH allozymes were calculated. ADH-F turned out to be somewhat less effective (30%-40%) than ADH-71k. The physiological consequences of these differences are discussed. PMID- 3158801 TI - A general strategy for the use of allogeneic lymphocyte infusions in the treatment of disorders characterized by impaired helper or suppressor T cell function: autoimmune diseases and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AB - Allogeneic lymphocytes can exert very potent non-specific immunomodulatory effects both in vitro and in vivo. Repeated infusions of allogeneic suppressor or helper populations may find use in the treatment of diseases characterized by impaired suppressor function (such as many autoimmune diseases) or impaired helper function (such as AIDS), respectively. Nutritional adjuvants for use with allogeneic suppressor therapy may include essential fatty acids, zinc, selenium, and vitamin E; the latter two nutrients as well as vitamin C and beta carotene may have value as adjuvants for allogeneic helper therapy. In a small preliminary trial, long-lasting normalization of rheumatoid factor titers and clinical symptoms has been achieved in 5 of 7 cases of chronic rheumatoid arthritis treated with allogeneic lymphocyte infusions, selenium, and vitamin E. These results indicate that allogeneic lymphocyte infusions accompanied by antioxidant support can promote the induction of new appropriate suppressor activity in the host. This phenomenon of allogeneic suppressor induction may be more clinically important than direct allosuppression of host B cells under the conditions of this study, and may find application in the treatment of a number of autoimmune disorders. PMID- 3158802 TI - [Regions of human genome-containing analogs of oncogenes and retroviral genes. II. A new class of retrovirus-like elements]. AB - Earlier we have found that recombinant phage lambda gp5 contains the sequences homologous to v-mos oncogene and retroviruses. After the nucleotide sequence determination we have found the region with homology to U5 part of retroviral LTR. Adjacent to this region are sequences complementary to 3'-end of tRNAMet. Numerous transcripts reacting with subcloned U5 probe from gp5 are present in polyadenylated RNA fraction from human cells. The humane genome contains several copies of these region, with two of them residing in gp5 locus. On the basis of these data we deduced the presence in the human genome of a new class of retroviral-like elements, existing probably as part of new human endogeneous retrovirus (HuEV). PMID- 3158803 TI - [R-factors of mercury resistance in bacteria isolated in the mercury-antimony deposit region]. AB - Most of bacterial cells in soil samples taken from a mine at the Khaidarkan mercury-antimony deposit (Kirghiz SSR) proved to contain R-plasmids with determinants of mercury resistance (HgCl2). Plasmids had a high molecular mass (approximately 10(8], though some deviated substantially from this size; at least part of them were transmissible. Many Hgr bacteria also showed an increased resistance to antimony (SbCl3), but no relation could be found between this character and the plasmids. Bacteria from soil samples taken at different distances from the mine were virtually devoid of Hgr plasmids: saturation of bacteria with Hgr factors is maintained by selective pressure action only within regions with high concentration of poison. Hgr plasmids at the Khaidarkan deposit were also found in enteric bacteria isolates from the gut of Mus musculus mice and Bufo viridis toads. Some bacterial plasmids from animals carried, apart from Hgr, antibiotic resistance determinants (Tcr, Cmr, Smr), i.e. were multiple resistance factors. These plasmids often displayed intrinsic instability and lost resistance determinants when conjugationally transferred to some E. coli strains. PMID- 3158804 TI - Bacteriophage lambda vector for transducing a cDNA clone library into mammalian cells. AB - We have developed a bacteriophage lambda vector (lambda NMT) that permits efficient transduction of mammalian cells with a cDNA clone library constructed with the pcD expression vector (H. Okayama and P. Berg, Mol. Cell. Biol. 3:280 289, 1983). The phage vector contains a bacterial gene (neo) fused to the simian virus 40 early-region promoter and RNA processing signals, providing a dominant acting selectable marker for mammalian transformation. The phage DNA can accommodate pcD-cDNA recombinants with cDNA of up to about 9 kilobases without impairing the ability of the phage DNA to be packaged in vitro and propagated in vivo. Transfecting cells with the lambda NMT-pcD-cDNA recombinant phage yielded G418-resistant clones at high frequency (approximately 10(-2]. Cells that also acquired a particular cDNA segment could be detected among the G418-resistant transformants by a second selection or by a variety of screening protocols. Reconstitution experiments indicated that the vector could transduce 1 in 10(6) cells for a particular phenotype if the corresponding cDNA was present as 1 functional cDNA clone per 10(5) clones in the cDNA library. This expectation was confirmed by obtaining two hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) positive transductants after transfecting 10(7) HPRT-deficient mouse L cells with a simian virus 40-transformed human fibroblast cDNA library incorporated into the lambda NMT phage vector. These transductants contained the human HPRT cDNA sequences and expressed active human HPRT. PMID- 3158805 TI - [Biologic individuality between genetics and environment. On the formation of the biologic ego]. AB - Histocompatibility antigens represent the biological basis of individuality. They make men different from one another and represent the essence of "self" which is continuously protected from "non self" by the immune system. Both fecundation and the evolution of pregnancy are favoured by a marked difference in histocompatibility antigens of the mother and father as well as of the mother and the fetus. The biology of pregnancy also find expression in the neonate: different percentages of the subclasses of T lymphocytes and low levels of NK cells and function. On the whole these data and the correlation between histocompatibility antigens and diseases allow life to be interpreted as an immune phenomenon and human individuality as an essentially immunological "biological Ego". Analogies may be found between the "biological" and the "psychological Ego". Many alterations may affect the protective immune network giving rise to primary or acquired immunodeficiencies. They may be expressed slowly and progressively or suddenly. The immune alterations of Down's syndrome and those of infantile AIDS may be taken as heuristic examples in this sense. PMID- 3158806 TI - [Hexosaminidase activity in cell lines, serum and urine of leukemia patients in childhood]. AB - N-Acetyl-beta-D-Hexosaminidase (E.C. 3.2.1.30) activity was investigated in cell lines, urine and serum of leukemic children by various biochemical methods for its usefulness in classifying different types of leukemia. We demonstrated in our small series that the activity of the I-isoenzyme of hexosaminidase in serum was dependent on the amount of tumour burden at the beginning of induction therapy. However it was not specific for a certain type of leukemia. In contrast to other reports an increased hexosaminidase-I-activity was found not only in C-ALL-cell lines but also in a T-ALL. Furthermore our results exclude any diagnostic value of urine hexosaminidase for the classification of leukemias. PMID- 3158807 TI - [The role of aminopeptidase in neocarzinostatin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus]. PMID- 3158808 TI - Fluorodeoxyuridine-induced sex differences in baseline sister-chromatid exchanges in C57BL/6 mice and Chinese hamsters. AB - The baseline sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and the percentage of first (M1), second (M2) and third or higher metaphase (M3+) chromosomes were analysed in bone marrow cells of male and female C57BL/6 mice and Chinese hamsters following serial intraperitoneal injections of 40 micrograms/g body weight (b.w.) of 5 bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) and 2 micrograms/g b.w. of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd) or 40 micrograms/g b.w. of BrdUrd and 10 micrograms/g b.w. of deoxycytidine (dC). Female animals receiving BrdUrd/FdUrd showed significantly higher (P less than 0.01) baseline SCEs compared to the other groups. No sex difference in the baseline SCEs was found in animals treated with BrdUrd/dC. The distribution patterns of M1, M2 and M3+ metaphases in BrdUrd/FdUrd-treated animals differ significantly from those in BrdUrd/dC-treated animals. PMID- 3158809 TI - Further characterization of SOS system induction in recBC mutants of Escherichia coli. AB - Expression of several SOS functions such as induction of lambda prophage, inhibition of cell division and induction of both umuC and recA genes after UV irradiation, nalidixic acid or mitomycin C addition was studied in an RecBC- mutant. UV-irradiation and mitomycin C induced all SOS functions studied in the RecBC- cells but at a lower level and delayed with respect to the wild-type strain. On the contrary, nalidixic acid was unable to trigger any of these SOS functions. In the RecBC- mutant, adenine only had a stimulating effect on the amplification of RecA protein synthesis following UV-irradiation. Nevertheless, in the wild-type strain the stimulating effect occurred in all SOS functions studied following UV-irradiation as well as in the amplification of RecA protein synthesis by nalidixic acid but not in the other SOS functions triggered by this compound. Furthermore, adenine produced a decrease in the mitomycin C-mediated induction of all SOS functions studied in both RecBC- and wild-type strains. PMID- 3158810 TI - Hypersensitivity and reduced inhibition of DNA synthesis in ataxia telangiectasia lymphoblasts treated with low levels of neocarzinostatin. AB - The effects of neocarzinostatin (NCS) on lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) established from ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) were determined. A-T lymphoblasts were found to be hypersensitive to low levels of NCS as measured by cell growth and cell survival. On the other hand, A-T lymphoblasts failed to postpone DNA synthesis to the same degree as normal lymphoblasts following treatment with NCS. LCLs established from Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) could be distinguished from ataxia and normal cell lines by their intermediate level of survival following exposure to NCS. PMID- 3158812 TI - Induction of lambda prophage by furazolidone. AB - A dose-dependent prophage induction by furazolidone exhibited a gradual rise to a maximum, corresponding to an exposure dose of 1.2 microgram/ml X h and a gradual fall thereafter. A 2-3-fold higher level of induction was achieved when the lysogens were treated with furazolidone in the presence of a metabolizing mixture. A maximum of about 70% efficiency of induction was achieved. Kinetics of prophage induction by any concentration of furazolidone exhibited a common pattern, viz., an initial rise for 15-20 min, then a plateau extending up to about 60 min and a faster rise thereafter. Higher concentrations of the drug (10 micrograms/ml) exhibited a toxic effect. Chloramphenicol at a concentration of 20 micrograms/ml inhibited the furazolidone-induced prophage induction, the plaque forming units gradually decreasing from several minutes after the chloramphenicol treatment. The burst size of the lysogens was not significantly affected by treatment with 2 micrograms/ml of furazolidone up to a period of about 10 min, but thereafter, decreased faster with the duration of furazolidone treatment. The "latent period' of induction decreased linearly with the duration of furazolidone treatment. PMID- 3158811 TI - Effect of the homokaryotic or heterokaryotic state of the uvs-2 allele in Neurospora crassa on mitomycin C-induced killing and ad-3 mutation. AB - Mitomycin C (MC) was tested for its killing and mutagenic activities in the ad-3 forward-mutation test in Neurospora crassa. The test was conducted in 4 dikaryons of N. crassa in order to determine the effect of the uvs-2 allele, which causes a defect in nucleotide excision repair, on MC-induced killing and ad-3 mutation. These dikaryons were homokaryotic for uvs-2+ (H-12), homokaryotic for uvs-2 (H 59), and heterokaryotic for uvs-2/uvs-2+ (H-70 and H-71). MC induced killing and ad-3 mutation in H-12, but the presence of uvs-2 in the homokaryotic state (H-59) resulted in a great increase in the killing and mutagenic activities of MC. This increased sensitivity to MC-induced killing and mutation conferred by uvs-2 in the homokaryotic state (H-59 vs. H-12) is a different effect than that noted by others for a defect in nucleotide excision-repair in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium or in human cells. The dikaryons heterokaryotic for uvs 2/uvs-2+ had the same sensitivity to MC as H-12, indicating that for MC-induced killing and ad-3 mutation uvs-2 is recessive to uvs-2+. PMID- 3158813 TI - Mutagenicity and chemical reactivity of epoxidic intermediates of the isoprene metabolism and other structurally related compounds. AB - The mutagenic activities of the epoxidic intermediates of the isoprene biotransformation were investigated using Salmonella typhimurium and compared with those of other structurally related epoxides. The compound 2-methyl-1,2,3,4 diepoxybutane, chemically analogous to the well known carcinogenic 1,2,3,4 diepoxybutane, was found to be as mutagenic as the latter. Moreover, the mutagenic activities of oxiranes were correlated to their alkylating powers towards nicotinamide and to their half-lives for spontaneous hydrolysis. The relationship between alkylating power and mutagenicity was found to hold for the stable epoxides that react mainly by an SN2 substitution mechanism. PMID- 3158814 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 24-1985. A 49-year-old man with a headache followed by collapse and rapid neurologic deterioration. PMID- 3158815 TI - Abnormal helper:suppressor T-cell ratio in the staff of a pediatric hospital. PMID- 3158816 TI - Specific binding sites for atrial natriuretic factor in the human kidney. PMID- 3158817 TI - The athletic heart syndrome. PMID- 3158818 TI - The T4 lymphocyte in AIDS. PMID- 3158819 TI - Mycotoxins in cereal grain. Part XI. Simple multidetection procedure for determination of 11 mycotoxins in cereals. AB - A simple method for the simultaneous detection of the 11 mycotoxins aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2), ochratoxin A, zearalenone, sterigmatocystin, citrinin, penicillic acid, T-2 toxin and rubratoxin B is reported. The elaborated method was tested for all cited mycotoxins extracted from 5 cereal species (rye, barley, wheat, oats and corn) spiked with mycotoxins standards. Different chromatoplates, developing solvents and spraying reagents were tested. New tests and modification of known confirmatory tests, recovery and detection limits are reported. PMID- 3158820 TI - Interleukin-2 stimulates association of protein kinase C with plasma membrane. AB - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a regulatory peptide important for the growth and differentiation of antigen-specific T lymphocytes and large granular lymphocytes. Interaction of IL-2 with its specific receptor results in the promotion of S phase progression as well as, in certain circumstances, the production and release of gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma). Although the binding of IL-2 with high affinity specific receptors has been well characterized, the intracellular mechanisms by which this ligand-receptor interaction promotes growth and differentiation are unknown. Here, we present evidence that IL-2/receptor interaction produces a rapid and transient redistribution of protein kinase C (PK C) from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) also induces PK-C transposition in an analogous manner, except that PMA-induced PK-C transposition to the plasma membrane is apparently protracted. As phorbol esters have been shown to mimic IL-2 in the regulation of cellular proliferation as well as IFN-gamma production, the activation of PK-C by either phorbol esters or IL 2/receptor interaction seems to have a crucial role in signal transduction elicited by these extracellular messengers. PMID- 3158821 TI - Altered cytosol/membrane enzyme redistribution on interleukin-3 activation of protein kinase C. AB - Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is a member of a family of growth and differentiation peptides, collectively referred to as colony-stimulating factors, which regulate haematopoiesis. IL-3 has been highly purified from medium conditioned by WEHI-3B cells, and recently the molecular cloning of complementary DNA for murine IL-3 has been reported. IL-3 seems to stimulate a wide range of colony-forming cells derived from murine bone marrow and has consequently been studied under a variety of names, including burst-promoting activity, mast cell growth factor, P-cell stimulating factor and multi-colony-stimulating factor. Here we present evidence that IL-3-receptor interaction stimulates the rapid and transient redistribution of protein kinase C (PK-C) from cytosol to plasma membrane in FDC-P1 cells. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) is shown to have a similar effect in these IL-3 dependent FDC-P1 cells. Our data suggest that IL-3 and phorbol esters share a common feature of transmembrane signalling crucial for growth and differentiation. PMID- 3158822 TI - Anti-idiotypic T cells suppress rejection of renal allografts in rats. AB - Kidney allografts between inbred rats differing at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are normally rejected, usually within 10 to 12 days. In many strain combinations, however, permanent graft acceptance can be induced by either immunological enhancement or a short course of immunosuppressive chemotherapy. In both cases, prolonged graft survival is accompanied by the appearance in the spleen of a population of suppressor cells. When transferred to a syngeneic host, these cells abrogate or strikingly diminish the rejection response elicited by a renal allograft of the same genotype as the original kidney donor. We have now examined the properties of these suppressor cells and have detected a subpopulation that proliferates in vitro when stimulated by irradiated syngeneic T blasts reactive to MHC alloantigens of the kidney donor strain. Comparable proliferation, however, is not induced either by syngeneic blasts reactive to a third strain or by polyclonal syngeneic blasts. These results support the hypothesis that this subpopulation is anti-idiotypic, with specificity for the idiotypes carried by syngeneic T cells stimulated by the kidney allograft. Such anti-idiotypic cells could function as suppressors. PMID- 3158823 TI - Prospects for an ageing population. PMID- 3158824 TI - Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent phagocytosis in human neutrophils. AB - The phagocytic function of neutrophils is a crucial element in host defence against invading microorganisms. Two main specific receptor-mediated mechanisms operate in the phagocyte plasma membrane, one recognizing the C3b/bi fragment of complement and the other the Fc domain of immunoglobulin G (ref. 1). There is evidence that phagocytosis mediated by these receptors differs in the number and nature of the intracellular signals generated. However, the mechanisms by which receptor binding is transduced into a signal that generates the formation of the phagocyte pseudopod is not known, although extensive biochemical evidence has allowed the postulate that calcium ion gradients in the peripheral cytoplasm, by interacting with calcium-sensitive contractile proteins, initiate the process of engulfment. Using the high-affinity fluorescent calcium indicator quin2 both to measure and to buffer intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), we show here that in human neutrophils two mechanisms of phagocytosis coexist: a [Ca2+]i-dependent and modulated phagocytosis, triggered by activation of the Fc receptor, and a [Ca2+]i independent mechanism triggered by the activation of the C3b/bl receptors. PMID- 3158825 TI - Vasopressin-induced activation of human blood platelets: prominent role of Mg2+. AB - Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) caused a marked shape change reaction and rise in [Ca2+]i in human blood platelets only when the extracellular buffer contained Mg2+ or Ca2+. At physiological concentrations of the cations the potency of AVP was higher in the presence of Mg2+ than of Ca2+. The amplitude of the shape change reaction was also greater with Mg2+ than with Ca2+, although the [Ca2+]i rise was slightly more marked with extracellular Ca2+. The concentration of Mg2+ at which AVP showed half of its maximal effects was below the physiological plasma level of the cation, whereas the corresponding value for Ca2+ was higher. Addition of Ca2+ to the Mg2+ containing medium did not further enhance the action of AVP on platelet shape. In platelet-rich plasma the potency and efficacy of AVP in causing a shape change were similar in the presence and absence of EGTA, whereas with EDTA in the medium AVP had no effect. In conclusion, Mg2+ has an essential physiological role in AVP-induced platelet activation, which is brought about partly by release of intracellular calcium and partly by some other intracellular mechanism. PMID- 3158826 TI - [Side effects and contraindications of manual therapy in the area of the cervical spine]. PMID- 3158827 TI - [Space occupying lesions in the conus-cauda area--other than intervertebral disks]. PMID- 3158828 TI - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of graft renal artery as treatment for posttransplantation hypertension. PMID- 3158829 TI - A case of one-kidney hypertension: contrasting effects of angioplasty and treatment with captopril. AB - A patient with hypertension is shown to have both a renal artery stenosis due to fibromuscular dysplasia and a hypoplastic contralateral kidney, a condition comparable to that of the one-kidney Goldblatt hypertension. Both blood volume and plasma renin activity were increased. Blood pressure was lowered either by an angiotensin II analog or by captopril. Secretion of excess renin was observed only from the stenotic kidney. A 4-week period of captopril treatment was accompanied by an acute, reversible deterioration of renal function. Transluminal angioplasty corrected the abnormalities in renin and in blood volume and has kept blood pressure and renal function normal for over 2 years. PMID- 3158830 TI - [Instantaneous measurement of blood flow velocity in internal carotid arteries by pulsed Doppler in cerebral arteriovenous malformations]. AB - Hemodynamics (systolic rate: VS and diastolic rate: VD) of internal carotid artery blood flow was determined by pulsed Doppler combined with ultrasound scans to measure instantaneous flow rate in 8 patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Values obtained were compared with those in 10 healthy volunteers. Measurement of the diastolic fraction a = (formula: see text) appears to be a valid method for assessing severity of this malformation and the importance of its output. Repeated tests in one patients operated upon by several stages demonstrated the importance of a blood shunt after ablation of lesions. PMID- 3158831 TI - [Noninvasive measurement of cerebral blood flow in the hydrocephalic newborn infant]. AB - The present study was undertaken to verify the effect of ventricular dilatation on cerebral blood flow by a non invasive Doppler technique in infants with hydrocephalus. The measurement of pulsatile flow in cerebral arteries is also a valuable parameter for determination of optimal timing of corrective intervention. PMID- 3158832 TI - The use of reverse-phase chromatographic procedures coupled with radioimmunoassay in studying regional distribution of beta h-endorphin in the human brain. AB - Fast reverse-phase chromatographic procedures (Sep-Pak C18 cartridges and high pressure liquid chromatography) combined with radioimmunoassay is presented. It provides accurate assessment of brain tissue concentrations of beta h-endorphin (beta h-E). The method was used to study the distribution of the endogenous opioid in nine distinct human brain regions. The beta h-E was found mainly localized in the hypothalamus anterior, hypothalamus posterior followed by a lower concentration in the Corpora mamillaria and the Substantia grisea centralis. Concentrations below 1.0 fmol/mg fresh brain tissue were determined in the Pons dorsalis, Substantia nigra, Colliculi inferiores, Glandula pinealis and in Nucleus ruber. PMID- 3158833 TI - Senescent change in tissue weight and immunoreactive beta-endorphin, enkephalin, and vasopressin in eight regions of C57BL/6J mouse brain and pituitary. AB - Tissue weights and immunoreactive (IR) content and concentration of beta endorphin, enkephalin, and vasopressin were assayed for senescent change in anterior pituitary, neurointermediate pituitary, hypothalamus, hippocampus, striatum, dorsolateral cortex, and pons-medulla, as well as residual brain samples remaining after the other dissections. Groups of naive male C57BL/6J mice, 8-12 months old and 28-32 months old, served as subjects. Old mice exhibited significant decline in anterior pituitary and hippocampus weight. Significant increases with age were found in pons-medulla weight. IR beta endorphin content decreased in hypothalamus and neurointermediate pituitary. IR enkephalin decreased in striatum and dorsolateral cortex. IR vasopressin content increased in hypothalamus and residual brain. Assays were replicated in later experiments using additional subjects, for total Ns of up to 54 mice. Although significant overall results were always consistent in direction from replication to replication, the magnitude of age change exhibited considerable variability. Such results suggest that single experiments on age changes in neuropeptides, particularly those giving negative results, should be carefully scrutinized and replicated before their acceptance as evidence for a transmitter's stability or instability throughout the lifespan. PMID- 3158834 TI - Substrate requirements and subcellular distribution of calcium transport activities in brain membranes. AB - Ca2+ transport activity in synaptosomal membranes has been identified as having two major components: Ca2+-stimulated ATP hydrolysis and ATP-dependent CA2+ uptake. Both processes exhibit similar affinities for Ca2+ and operate maximally under identical buffer conditions. Subcellular fractionation studies revealed the Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase and ATP-dependent CA2+ uptake activities to be highest in synaptic plasma membrane fractions 1 and 2, with lesser activity in synaptic vesicles and mitochondria. Progressive treatment with Triton X-100 activated, then decreased Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase, Mg2+ ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase. ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake was progressively decreased by similar treatment with Triton X-100. These studies illustrate that Ca2+ ATPase and ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake may provide two important mechanisms for buffering of cytosolic Ca2+ at the nerve terminal. These systems may function to rapidly sequester cytosolic Ca2+ following a rise during depolarization and then extrude Ca2+ from the terminal against a concentration gradient. This regulation of cytosolic Ca2+, represented by two processes of the type seen in other plasma membranes, may play critical roles in calcium homeostasis in nerve cells. PMID- 3158836 TI - Postnatal development of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in the medulla oblongata of rat. AB - Beta-endorphin (B-END) like immunoreactivity (i.r.) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in the medulla oblongata of developing rats on postnatal ages P1 P42 at 7 day intervals, and in adult rats. From P1 to P42, B-END i.r. increased from 77.0 +/- 1.3 fm to 900.0 +/- 21.6 fm per medulla region (Mean +/- S.E.M.). Adult levels of B-END i.r. were 852.0 +/- 17.0 fm per medulla region. When B-END i.r. was determined per unit protein during this developmental period, a statistically significant change in levels was noted. B-END i.r. dropped from P1 to P7, and then increased from P7 to P14 (P less than 0.01). From P14 through adult, levels did not change significantly. Despite a "drop-out" in the observed immunostaining of B-END neurons in caudal medulla (perikarya in the nucleus tractus solitarius) at P21, radioimmunoassayable levels of this peptide remained constant from P21 through adult per unit protein. PMID- 3158835 TI - Effects of ketanserin on neuronal responses to serotonin in the prefrontal cortex, lateral geniculate and dorsal raphe nucleus. AB - The ability of the putative serotonin2 (5-HT2) antagonist ketanserin, to alter serotonin (5-HT)-induced responses in cell firing was examined in the prefrontal cortex, the lateral geniculate nucleus and the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat by microiontophoretic extracellular single unit recording techniques. In the prefrontal cortex, ketanserin failed to antagonize the inhibitory effects of 5-HT recorded in cerveau isole or preparations anesthetized with chloral hydrate (pure excitatory responses to 5-HT were not observed in either of these preparations). Paradoxically, the inhibitory response produced by 5-HT (but not gamma aminobutyric acid, tryptamine or norepinephrine) was potentiated, even in cells where ketanserin alone did not alter spontaneous firing rates. The systemic administration of ketanserin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) had effects similar to those observed in the microiontophoretic experiments in the prefrontal cortex. In the dorsal raphe nucleus of animals anesthetized with chloral hydrate, ketanserin neither attenuated nor potentiated the inhibition of serotonergic neurons by 5 HT. In the lateral geniculate nucleus, as in the prefrontal cortex, ketanserin potentiated rather than attenuated, the inhibitory effect of 5-HT. Ketanserin was found to attenuate the excitatory responses produced by norepinephrine, an alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated response, in the lateral geniculate nucleus. The observed potentiation by ketanserin of inhibitory responses to 5-HT but not those of gamma aminobutyric acid, tryptamine or norepinephrine, recorded in the prefrontal cortex, may be consistent with the proposed interaction between ketanserin and a specific 5-HT2 binding site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3158838 TI - Changes in plasma opioid concentrations after physiotherapeutic exercises for arthritic patients. AB - Plasma concentrations of [met]enkephalin (ME) and beta-endorphin (beta E) were measured in samples obtained immediately before and after physiotherapeutic exercises for patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), osteoarthritis (OA), or knee injuries. Correlations were sought between opioid peptide concentrations or changes therein, and nature, severity and duration of disease, age, severity of pain reported and pain threshold. No correlation was found with any of the pain parameters. However, there was a possible relationship between age or duration of disease and changes in ME concentrations. PMID- 3158837 TI - Beta-endorphin processing in pituitary and brain is sensitive to haloperidol stimulation. AB - Chronic administration of haloperidol (1 mg/Kg) into rats led to a marked increase in the level of beta-endorphin related peptides in the pars intermedia and brain stem. Using a combination of ion-exchange chromatography and radioimmunoassay, the increase in beta-endorphin under haloperidol treatment was confined to the acetylated derivatives: alpha,N-acetyl beta-endorphin 1-26, alpha,N-acetyl beta-endorphin 1-27 and alpha,N-acetyl beta-endorphin 1-31; there was no change in the level of the NH2-peptides. Haloperidol had no effect on the beta-endorphin related peptides in the anterior pituitary or hypothalamus. These findings suggest that haloperidol can influence not only the level of beta endorphin related peptides in pituitary and brain, but also their posttranslational processing, possibly serving to regulate the level of biologically active beta-endorphin 1-31. PMID- 3158839 TI - Endorphins in inbred mice with variable sensitivity to ethanol: effect of acute ethanol treatment. AB - Resting levels of beta-endorphin like immunoreactivity were determined in the hypothalamus, neurointermediate lobe and anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and the serum of inbred mice strains (C57BL/6, BALB/C and DBA/2). C57BL/6 mice showed the highest content of beta-endorphin like immunoreactivity in the neurointermediate lobe, anterior lobe and serum. Animals were injected i.p. with either an ethanol solution (3g ethanol/Kg b. wt.) or saline. 45 minutes post ethanol treatment the beta-endorphin like immunoreactivity content was increased in the serum of all three strains of mice studied and was decreased in the hypothalamus of the C57BL/6 mice. Studies with reverse phace HPLC indicated some differences in the relative proportions of the various forms of beta-endorphin in some tissues among the three strains of mice. These results suggest that genetically determined differences in endorphin levels may be involved in some of the genetically determined differences in responses to ethanol. PMID- 3158840 TI - Withholding treatment from Baby Doe: from discrimination to child abuse. AB - Questions surrounding withholding treatment from severely impaired newborns have elicited three significantly different substantive and procedural responses: from the Reagan administration's Department of Health and Human Services through the Carter President's Commission on Ethical Problems, and subsequent congressional legislation on child abuse. Movement from a rigid and simplistic application of medical imperatives to ambiguous and abstract criteria of the child's "best interest" represented limited progress. A new legislative compromise principle is an imperfect but practical accommodation to moral and medical realities. PMID- 3158842 TI - [Buflomedil in the treatment of chronic peripheral arterial diseases. Case contribution]. AB - A group of 29 patients with arteriopathy, many inoperable or unsuccessfully operated, were treated intravenously and/or orally with Loftyl. 14 2nd stage patients benefited from the treatment, as shown by the prolongation of the interval between attacks in 3 cases and by the disappearance of a limp in one case. 3rd and 4th stage patients also showed good results, especially considering the severity of some cases. Loftyl was also well-tolerated, even at higher doses than those recommended. PMID- 3158841 TI - Epidemiology of disability in the oldest old: methodologic issues and preliminary findings. AB - Little is known about the health problems of the fastest-growing segment of the population. Three major community-based studies present prevalence information on physical and mental disabilities among the oldest old. These data also illustrate the limitations of interpretations in cross-sectional studies, and emphasize the value of prospective investigations of populations aged 85 and older. Although more costly and time-consuming, such prospective longitudinal studies are indispensable to sound policy planning. PMID- 3158843 TI - Hepatitis B vaccination. PMID- 3158844 TI - Should you take the Heptavax-B (hepatitis-B) vaccine? PMID- 3158845 TI - The Dental Ambulatory Care Program at Mt. Sinai Hospital. PMID- 3158846 TI - Quantitative radionuclide scanning in metabolic bone disease. AB - A simple method of quantifying skeletal uptake of 99Tcm-methylene diphosphonate, using a rectilinear scanner and a simultaneously image standard, is described. The pattern of quantified uptake in ten regions of the skeleton, the sacro-iliac joints and kidneys in 57 controls and 54 patients with various metabolic bone disease is presented. This method distinguishes patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and osteomalacia from controls with a sensitivity adequate for clinical purposes. In primary hyperparathyroidism the increased skull uptake of tracer correlated well with levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, plasma parathyroid hormone, urinary hydroxyproline excretion and the degree of intracortical resorption in the metacarpal bones. The skull uptake in oestoporosis was normal or moderately elevated and correlated well with bone mass density measurements of the radius. Patients with osteomalacia also showed the greatest increase in tracer uptake in the skull. Patients with thyrotoxicosis differed from most other patients by showing moderately increased uptake in shafts of long bones. We propose our method of quantitative bone uptake as a useful noninvasive test to detect metabolic bone disease and to monitor responses to therapy of bone disease. PMID- 3158847 TI - Current perspective on ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 3158848 TI - Teratogenicity of progestogens given during the first trimester of pregnancy. AB - Possible teratogenic effects of exogenous progestational agents given during early pregnancy were investigated by a controlled historic prospective study of 2754 infants born to mothers who had bled during the first trimester of pregnancy. The study group consisted of 1608 newborns whose mothers had been treated with progestogens (mostly medroxyprogesterone acetate) beginning in the first trimester. The control group comprised 1146 infants of untreated mothers. All newborns were subjected to thorough examination during the first days of life, with special attention to detection of various malformations classified according to the different anatomic systems. No significant difference was found between the treated and the control groups with respect to malformations in any of the systems examined. The overall rate of malformations was 120 per 1000 in the study group and 123.9 per 1000 in the control group. Major malformations occurred at rates of 63.4 and 71.5 per 1000, respectively. The study thus fails to demonstrate an increase in teratogenicity after administration of gestagens during the first trimester of pregnancy. PMID- 3158850 TI - The wages of illness: workers' compensation in America. PMID- 3158849 TI - Genetic amniocentesis in twin pregnancy. AB - Fifty-three patients with twin gestation were seen at the University of California, Los Angeles, between January 1, 1977 and June 30, 1983 for antenatal genetic studies. The diagnosis of twins was successfully made in 52 patients using ultrasound. Forty-eight patients with viable fetuses requested sampling of both sacs. Amniotic fluid was successfully obtained from both sacs in 47 patients. There was only one spontaneous abortion six weeks after the amniocentesis. In five patients, one of the fetuses was delivered alive, whereas another was delivered as a stillborn without any apparent reason. Eleven sets were delivered prematurely at less than 36 weeks. There were two neonatal deaths, one from prematurity and one with multiple congenital anomalies. This study showed that differential amniocentesis can be used safely to obtain reliable information about each fetus in twin gestation. PMID- 3158851 TI - [Difficulties in the daily work of the Medical Examiner Service]. PMID- 3158852 TI - [Contribution of social medicine to cost benefit analysis in coronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 3158853 TI - [Legal medicine and forensic aspects of the cremation law]. PMID- 3158854 TI - [Health education and monitoring using check lists]. PMID- 3158855 TI - [Algorithms for qualitative-quantitative characterization of patient careers]. PMID- 3158856 TI - [Effect of social factors on dietary compliance in phenylketonuria]. PMID- 3158857 TI - [Ornithosis as a nosocomial infection]. PMID- 3158858 TI - [Salmonellas in Vorarlberg--from the clinical and epidemiologic viewpoint]. PMID- 3158859 TI - [Evaluation of the emergency medical service--significance, prerequisites, problems]. PMID- 3158860 TI - [Small active charcoal filter as an emergency measure in drinking water purification in chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution]. PMID- 3158861 TI - [Changes in serum lipoproteins under hormonal therapy of breast carcinoma and other endocrine-dependent tumors]. AB - The higher the low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (beta lipoprotein) level, the greater the risk that coronary heart disease will develop, alpha-lipoprotein fractions (high-density-lipoproteins) are considered to be protective factors. Medroxyprogesterone acetate is responsible for characteristic changes of the lipoprotein patterns indicating enhanced coronary risks. Medroxyprogesterone acetate is applied in the therapy of breast, uterus and ovarian cancer. A statistically significant decrease was observed in alpha-lipoproteins whereas beta-lipoproteins increased without statistical significance. A similar reaction can be observed under the combination therapy of aminoglutethimide and medroxyprogesterone acetate, whereas the combination of cortisone and aminoglutethimide has a distinct influence on beta-lipoproteins but the alpha lipoprotein level remains uninfluenced. According to these data the effect of an adjuvant application of these drugs must be carefully evaluated due to an increase of coronary risks. PMID- 3158862 TI - Clinical management of dental patients with mitral valve prolapse syndrome. PMID- 3158864 TI - [Doppler study of circulatory changes in the early postoperative period after vascular surgery]. PMID- 3158863 TI - Midazolam and diazepam compared as sedatives for outpatient surgery under local analgesia. AB - Patients who had given their informed consent took part in a study to compare the sedative properties of the new benzodiazepine, midazolam, with diazepam. The drugs were administered intravenously and the quality of sedation, profoundness of amnesia, and rate of recovery were examined. Both drugs provided good-quality sedation, with midazolam producing a significantly greater degree of amnesia. Psychomotor tests used to assess recovery showed that patient performance following exposure to either drug had returned to normal 2 hours postsedation. However, patients who had received diazepam were drowsier later in the day and during the night following sedation than those who received midazolam. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3158865 TI - Involvement of suppressor cells induced with membrane fractions of trypanosomes in immunosuppression of trypanosomiasis. AB - We showed that infection with Trypanosoma congolense in mice led to suppression of listeria-induced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). Mice were pre-treated with irradiated T. evansi, which caused rapid and effective suppression of DTH. A membrane fraction obtained by homogenizing T. evansi variant in a hypotonic buffer solution and centrifuging it at 150,000g produced suppression of listeria induced DTH when injected i.p. into mice as early as 1 day before listeria immunization. Furthermore, we demonstrated by an adoptive transfer system that the suppressor cells involved in this suppression had developed in the spleen and that the activity of the splenic suppressor cells was due to the presence of a macrophage population. PMID- 3158867 TI - A graphical presentation of counts of T lymphocyte subpopulations and Th-Ts ratios. AB - A method is described for the graphical display of the absolute number of two major subpopulations of blood T lymphocytes, the helper (Th) and the suppressor/cytotoxic (Ts) cells, and their ratio, the Th/Ts ratio. Such a display permits distinction between patients with a low Th/Ts ratio due to decreased numbers of Th cells, which correlates with in vivo tests for immunodeficiency and is seen in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and patients with a low Th/Ts ratio due to increased numbers of Ts cells but no immunodeficiency by in vivo tests, as seen in some homosexual men who have had recurrent infections. PMID- 3158866 TI - Acute leukemia characterized by trisomy 8 in Down's syndrome. AB - Of the myeloproliferative disorders which develop in Down's syndrome, acute leukemia associated with trisomy 8 has distinct characteristics. It is non lymphoblastic in type and has a preleukemia phase in which thrombocytopenia is a prominent feature. One case occurring in a 20 mth-old girl is reported and 3 other similar cases reviewed. Acquired trisomy 8 in Down's syndrome is linked to leukemogenesis and confers non-lymphoblastic differentiation. PMID- 3158868 TI - Osteoid osteoma of the femoral head. PMID- 3158870 TI - [Medical problems involving the health of children and adolescents in connection with the reform of unspecialized and vocational schools]. PMID- 3158869 TI - Effect of acidosis on contractile function in the newborn rabbit heart. AB - Effects of respiratory and metabolic acidosis (pH approximately 6.8) on myocardial function were studied in the newborn and adult rabbits. Mechanical function was studied in the isolated arterially perfused heart preparation. Acidosis was induced either by increase of the perfusate PCO2 or by decrease of the bicarbonate content. During respiratory acidosis, developed tension (DT) decreased to 43 +/- 3% of control (n = 18) in the adult and this depression was significantly greater than in the newborn (DT = 92 +/- 4%, n = 6). Depression of DT by respiratory acidosis was observed even at high extracellular Ca. During metabolic acidosis, mechanical function decreased gradually and DT at 30 min into acidosis in the adult was 78 +/- 3% of control (n = 6). This depression of DT in the adult was significantly greater than in the newborn (DT at 30 min = 96 +/- 1% of control, n = 6). Statistical analysis using paired t test showed that respiratory acidosis, but not metabolic acidosis, caused significant negative inotropism in the newborn. Myofibrils were isolated and the ATPase was measured at 10(-8) to 10(-4) M Ca and at pH of 7.1 (control), 6.5, and 6.0. Reducing pH depressed the ATPase activity similarly in the newborn and adult. Intracellular buffer capacity was determined by titrating muscle homogenate with HCI. Although the initial pH was not different, addition of HCl to the homogenate caused less decrease in pH in the newborn. These data indicate that contractile function in the newborn heart is more resistant to acidosis and this may be due partly to the greater intracellular buffer capacity. PMID- 3158871 TI - [Variants of myocardial hypertrophy of the left ventricle in arterial hypertension in children]. PMID- 3158873 TI - [Effect of participation in associations of institutions outside the school on the health status of students]. PMID- 3158872 TI - [Peripheral blood of healthy 1 to 3-year-old children living in Northern Osetia]. PMID- 3158875 TI - [Prevalence of obesity among Novgorod schoolchildren in 1981-1982]. PMID- 3158874 TI - [Health protection for children in Leningrad during World War II]. PMID- 3158876 TI - [Day hospital for children]. PMID- 3158878 TI - [Unusual karyotype in a child with Down's disease]. PMID- 3158877 TI - [Experience with health promotion among children at sanatoria and preventoria]. PMID- 3158879 TI - The extent of DNA sequence required for a functional bacterial attachment site of phage lambda. AB - We have investigated the extent of DNA sequence required to form a bacterial attachment site (attB) that functions in bacteriophage lambda integration. A DNA fragment carrying attB of Escherichia coli was trimmed, recloned and tested for recombination proficiency. We found that the common core sequence plus the adjoining 4-bp sequences of both the B and B' arms are required for full activity, while plasmids with an even shorter attB sequence retain some capacity to function as attB in vivo. We also found that the nonspecific DNA that is joined to the required attachment site sequence does not significantly influence the rate of the recombination reaction. PMID- 3158880 TI - Activation of neocarzinostatin chromophore and formation of nascent DNA damage do not require molecular oxygen. AB - Thiol-activated neocarzinostatin chromophore abstracts tritium from the 5', but not from the 1' or 2' positions of deoxyribose in DNA and incorporates it into a stable, non-exchangeable form. The abstracted tritium remains covalently associated with the chromophore or its degradation product after treatment with acid or alkali, respectively. Drug activation and the consequent hydrogen abstraction reaction, presumably generating a carbon-centered radical at C-5', do not require molecular oxygen but have a dose-dependent relation with thiol. Under aerobic conditions, where base release and DNA strand breaks with nucleoside 5' aldehyde at the 5'-ends are produced, hydrogen abstraction from C-5' parallels these parameters of DNA damage. It is possible to formulate a reaction scheme in which the carbon- centered radical at C-5' is an intermediate in the formation of the various DNA damage products found under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. PMID- 3158882 TI - Macromolecular crowding accelerates the cohesion of DNA fragments with complementary termini. AB - Macromolecular crowding increases the rate of nonenzymatic cohesion of the complementary ends of lambda DNA. Both lambda DNA and DNA fragments bearing the cohesive ends of lambda DNA are similarly affected. High concentrations of plasma albumin or Ficoll 70 increase the rate of cohesion by ca. 100-fold whereas high concentrations of polyethylene glycol 8000 cause greater than 2000-fold stimulation in this rate. These results have implications for the mechanism of polymer-stimulated enzymatic ligation of DNA or RNA. In addition, these crowding effects may help to explain the rapid cohesion of lambda DNA observed in vivo. An improved procedure for the recovery of DNA fragments separated by agarose gel electrophoresis is also described. PMID- 3158883 TI - Efficient modification of E. coli RNA polymerase in vitro by the N gene transcription antitermination protein of bacteriophage lambda. AB - The N gene protein of bacteriophage lambda prevents termination of transcription by E. coli RNA polymerase. We describe here the conditions of a cell-free reaction system in which pure N stimulates net transcription up to tenfold and therefore nearly stoichiometrically modifies transcribing RNA polymerase molecules. The reaction contains micrococcal nuclease-treated S100 extract derived from E. coli and a plasmid template DNA containing the lambda early promoter PL, the N utilization site nutL, and the Rho-dependent terminator tL1. Stimulation by N in this system is specific and biologically relevant since it is absent with vector pBR322 DNA and with extracts derived from E. coli strains bearing the nusA1 and nusE71 mutations known to block N function in vivo. We use the system to provide further evidence that ribosomes are not necessary for N function and to demonstrate the direct involvement in N function of the NusA protein of E. coli. PMID- 3158881 TI - Structure of the galactokinase gene of Escherichia coli, the last (?) gene of the gal operon. AB - We present the nucleotide sequence of the galactokinase gene (galK) of Escherichia coli including its 5' and 3' flanking regions. This DNA sequence derives from the lambda gal8 transducing phage and is identical to the sequence present in the galK gene fusion vectors, pKO and pKG, commonly used to study transcriptional regulatory elements. We define the precise 3' junction between the bacterial and phage sequences in lambda gal8 and demonstrate that this junction probably results from a homologous recombination event between identical 9 bp sequences common to the gal operon and phage lambda. Moreover, we examine the 300 bp region located immediately beyond galK for transcription termination function and find no gal operon terminator. Lastly, we compare the galK genes of E. coli and the yeast S. cerevisiae and find several regions of strong homology among which is a potential ATP-binding site homology shared by a variety of ATP binding proteins including protein kinases encoded by mammalian oncogenes. PMID- 3158886 TI - Power to the people. PMID- 3158884 TI - Overproduction and purification of protein P6 of Bacillus subtilis phage phi 29: role in the initiation of DNA replication. AB - A phi 29 DNA fragment containing gene 6, required for DNA replication, has been cloned in plasmid pPLc28 under the control of the PL promoter of phage lambda. A polypeptide with an electrophoretic mobility close to that of p6 was labelled with 35S-methionine after heat induction. This protein, representing about 4% of the total E. coli protein after 1 h of induction, was obtained in a highly purified form. The protein was characterized as p6 by amino acid analysis and NH2 and COOH-terminal sequence determination. Protein p6 has an apparent molecular weight of 23,600, suggesting that the native form of the protein is a dimer. The purified protein p6 stimulated the protein-primed initiation of phi 29 DNA replication when added to purified proteins p2 (phi 29-coded DNA polymerase) and p3 (terminal protein). PMID- 3158885 TI - [Quantitative whole-body skeletal scintigraphy with a gamma camera and pinhole collimator]. AB - Quantitative evaluation of whole-body bone scans is valuable for the description of metabolic activity in systemic bone disease and provides parameters of whole body activity retention up to 24 h after injection of the radiopharmacon, of bone to soft tissue relation and of the activity in the epiphysis and diaphysis. A combination of whole-body imaging by a gamma-camera with pinhole collimator and a series of single pictures evaluated by the ROI technique is able to record these parameters with sufficient precision. This is demonstrated by measuring phantoms, and patients with and without bone disease. In 34 patients with systemic bone disease the quantitative parameters are altered partially, the changes however are insufficient for their differential diagnosis. PMID- 3158888 TI - Rehabilitation medicine. Its time has come. PMID- 3158887 TI - [The role of peptides of atrial origin in the regulation of water-electrolyte metabolism]. PMID- 3158890 TI - [Portal hypertension in children]. PMID- 3158889 TI - Cyproheptadine stimulated prolactin release in the young turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). AB - Cyproheptadine (CHD) at doses of .1 to 10.0 mg/kg body weight produced a dose related elevation in prolactin (PRL) and no change in luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. Cyproheptadine pretreatment failed to depress the quipazine (serotonin agonist)-induced PRL rise. Rather than inhibiting the serotonergic induction of PRL release in the young turkey, CHD exerted a stimulatory influence on PRL release through another mechanism. PMID- 3158891 TI - [Right intraventricular biopsy. Indications and results. 116 cases]. AB - The indications for endomyocardial biopsy were evaluated from 116 consecutive cases. The diagnostic value of this invasive but well tolerated procedure was in agreement with data from the literature. An accurate diagnosis, unforseeable in 8% of the patients, was established in 12%. The diagnosis of apparently primary myocardiopathy with ventricular dilatation was confirmed in 45 out of 59 cases; there were 3 cases of myocarditis, 3 cases of restrictive cardiopathy (haemochromatosis, fibroplastic endocarditis) and 1 case of hypertrophic cardiopathy. No tissue abnormality was noted in 6 cases. An accurate diagnosis was obtained by biopsy in 1 case of "eosinophilic lung" without overt cardiac involvement. In malignant diseases treated with anthracyclines in doses reaching maximal theoretical total dosage (30 patients), severe tissue lesions were present in 10% of the cases, incipient haemochromatosis in 16.6% and subendocardial fibrosis in 3.3%. However, total doses of up to 600 mg/m2 could be administered to 90% of the patients. Myocardial lesions could be demonstrated in 1 of 2 patients with collagen disease. Endomyocardial biopsy therefore seems to be justified in myocardiopathies with ventricular dilatation, in some collagen diseases with a tendency to cardiac involvement and to monitor treatment with anthracyclines in total doses higher than the theoretical maximum dosage. PMID- 3158892 TI - [Gram-negative bacteria in a medical resuscitation unit. Distribution of species and antibiotic sensitivity]. AB - The distribution of Gram-negative bacilli species and their susceptibility to various antibiotics were surveyed over a 18-month period in an intensive care unit. Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from blood cultures (65), urine cultures (191), respiratory tract samples (176) or miscellaneous samples (69). The bacilli most frequently isolated from blood cultures were enterobacteriaceae (95%), including Escherichia coli (46%), Proteus (22%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (12%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was predominant in respiratory tract samples, and Serratia marcescens was more frequently isolated from urine cultures than from other samples. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using a standard disc diffusion method. In view of the susceptibility of blood isolates to the second-generation cephalosporins we consider that these are preferable to third generation cephalosporins for first-line antibiotic therapy of septicaemia due to Gram-negative bacilli, except for hospital-acquired infections. More than 50% of the bacilli were resistant to ampicillin; ticarcillin and mezlocillin were not very active against Klebsiella. Nalidixic acid was very active on urine isolates and therefore seems to be a good first-line antibacterial for lower urinary tract infections. PMID- 3158893 TI - [Agenesis of the corpus callosum in a man with complete mosaic trisomy 8]. AB - The coexistence in an epileptic patient of a radiologically confirmed agenesis of the corpus callosum and other somatic abnormalities, notably skeletal, prompted us to perform a karyotype which showed an extra chromosome 8. The trisomy 8 callosal agenesis association is not exceptional, but it may easily be missed owing to the absence or scarcity of clinical signs of the cerebral malformation. We would suggest that patients with confirmed agenesis of the corpus callosum should be investigated for trisomy 8 and conversely, that patients with trisomy 8 detected during examination for a characteristic malformative syndrome should be systematically investigated for abnormality of the neocortical commissure. PMID- 3158895 TI - [Effects of the familial consumption of tobacco on colic in infants]. PMID- 3158894 TI - [Lasers in dermatology]. AB - Lasers are mainly used in therapeutics for their thermic effects. In dermatology, the most appropriate is the argon laser and its only uncontroverted indication is part-wine stain. The blue-green radiations of the argon laser are selectively absorbed by the haemoglobin pigment, so that coagulation necrosis is maximum in the dysplastic vessels. Since the non-pigmented surrounding tissues and, more precisely, skin appendages are relatively respected, healing is rapid and of good quality. Following the often protracted treatment, a satisfactory downgrading of colour is obtained, without scar in 60-80% of cases. The best results are observed in dark portwine stains located on the face or trunk in adults. All other indications are open to discussion since the superiority of laser over other treatments remains to be demonstrated or confirmed. Interesting indications are spider angioma and telangiectasis of the face (argon laser), extensive ano genital verrucosis (CO2 laser or argon laser), mucosal leukoplasia and some cases of Bowen's disease affecting the genitalia. PMID- 3158896 TI - [Isoxicam reaction of the ectodermosis erosiva pluri-orificialis type]. PMID- 3158898 TI - [Can small intestine biopsy be used to diagnose visceral leishmaniasis]. PMID- 3158897 TI - [Restless leg syndrome due to moderate hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3158899 TI - [Treatment of eschars with commercial granulated sugar]. PMID- 3158900 TI - [Responsibility of meprobamate in bone marrow aplasia]. PMID- 3158901 TI - [Dystrophic aortic valve insufficiency]. PMID- 3158902 TI - [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis before renal transplantation]. AB - In order to evaluate precisely the place of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of chronic renal failure, it is important to find out whether this method may produce complications, mostly infectious, after renal transplantation. From April, 1979 to December, 1983, 419 renal transplantations were performed in our centre; 17 of these patients had previously been treated with peritoneal dialysis over a mean 13.5 months period, with 3.2 peritonitis/patient. The peritoneal catheter was left in situ for 4 to 16 weeks post-graft, so that the patients could easily be dialysed if needed; it was removed during transplantation in the only 3 cases of recent peritonitis. The only complications noted after transplantation were an episode of spontaneously reversible ascites and a peritoneal breach following reintervention on the renal region. This homogeneous series confirms that continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis does not constitute a contra-indication, let alone an obstacle, to subsequent renal transplantation. Indeed, it may be regarded as the first-choice method for patients in whom early grafting is envisaged on account of their immune status. PMID- 3158903 TI - [Prevention of postoperative anaerobic bacterial infections in abdominal surgery with metronidazole suppositories]. AB - Metronidazole is widely used for the prevention and treatment of post-operative anaerobic infections. In this study, the prophylactic effectiveness of metronidazole suppositories was tested in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The suppositories had previously been tested in healthy subjects for drug absorption and tolerance. Patients were divided into three treatment groups: one group received the drug intravenously, another as suppositories and the third one by both routes. Clinical effectiveness was evaluated and plasma metronidazole levels were measured. On the basis of the results obtained, we suggest that a 1 g suppository should be administered 8-hourly over the 20 hours preceding surgery, then 12-hourly if preparation of the digestive tract can be inserted between two administrations. In emergency surgery, 1 suppository must be given at least 1 hour before induction, the 12-hourly, and a 500 mg intravenous infusion at the time of induction. PMID- 3158904 TI - [Treatment of acute myeloblastic leukemia in elderly patients with low-dose cytosine arabinoside]. AB - Forty-eight patients, aged from 65 to 88 years, presenting with de novo acute myelogenous leukemia were treated with a low-dose cytarabine regimen (10 mg/sq.m subcutaneously 12-hourly for 15 to 28 days). Twenty-four complete remissions and 7 partial remissions were obtained. The complete remission rate correlated with low initial bone marrow cellularity (p less than 0.05). Bleeding occurred in 28 patients and fever was noted, also in 28 patients. Four patients died of infection during induction treatment. Fourteen patients were treated as out patients, but regular medical supervision was necessary. The median duration of complete remission was 8 months. The median survival for all patients was 15 months. It is concluded that low-dose cytarabine is an alternative to intensive chemotherapy in elderly patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 3158906 TI - [Dual-chamber cardiac pacemakers. Hemodynamic value]. AB - Dual chamber pacemakers have been designed to restore normal atrio-ventricular synchronism and maintain it during exercise. Progressive acceleration of the electrically stimulated heart rate provides "physiological" adaptation of cardiac output. In subjects with a normal heart, the atrial systole plays a relatively minor role (about 20% of the cardiac output at rest), and it is only in rare cases (e.g. pacemaker syndrome) that implanting a dual-chamber pacemaker becomes necessary. However, the atrial systole plays a much greater role in acute or chronic heart diseases, notably in patients with cardiac failure, mitral or tricuspid valve regurgitation or reduced cardiac compliance. Dual chamber pacemakers are more frequently required in such cases to correct or prevent the detrimental effects of normal atrio-ventricular synchronism, among which atrioventricular conduction is the worst tolerated. PMID- 3158905 TI - [Fatal massive intravascular coagulation during phlebography. Responsibility of epsilon-aminocaproic acid?]. AB - The occurrence during phlebography of massive intravascular coagulation involving the inferior vena cava, the right cardiac cavities and the entire pulmonary arterial network suggested that epsilon-aminocaproic acid administered before phlebography was responsible for this complication. The mechanisms of reactions to contrast media are still poorly understood, but these reactions are known to include, in some cases, disseminated intravascular coagulation. This phenomenon was histologically demonstrated in our patient, and it may be suggested that its strong enhancement by the antifibrinolytic agent had resulted in the fatal accident. In view of the possibility of such lethal reactions, the advisability of administering epsilon-aminocaproic acid--a drug widely used in France for the prevention and treatment of contrast media reactions--should be reconsidered. PMID- 3158908 TI - [Drug flush. Possible role of indalpine overdosage]. PMID- 3158907 TI - [Composite arterial prosthesis for aortofemoral reconstruction with preservation of hypogastric flow]. AB - The technique described uses a composite prosthesis to combine infrarenal aortic resection with aorto-bifemoral bypass while preserving pelvic circulation. Its short-term objective is to prevent colic ischemia and its long-term objective to avoid impotence and gluteal claudication. This technique has the advantages of being simple, rapid and less aggressive than other procedures. It was applied in 6 cases over the last 2 years and was successful in all of them. PMID- 3158909 TI - [Severe polymorphic erythema during treatment with isoxicam]. PMID- 3158910 TI - [Pneumo-renal syndrome with thrombotic microangiopathy after treatment with mitomycin]. PMID- 3158911 TI - [Anatomo-clinical aspects of hepatic amebiasis]. PMID- 3158912 TI - [Appendicular parasitoses in northern France]. PMID- 3158914 TI - [Hepatitis due to etretinate]. PMID- 3158913 TI - [Association of Waldenstrom's disease and Guillain Barre syndrome]. PMID- 3158915 TI - [Classical Kaposi's disease: immunological study]. PMID- 3158916 TI - [Pulsatile administration of gonadoliberin by subcutaneous route in the induction of ovulation]. PMID- 3158917 TI - [Recurrent calcium oxalate calculi in patients treated with piridoxylate]. PMID- 3158919 TI - [Puncture of bone marrow with a hypodermic needle]. PMID- 3158918 TI - [Pseudometastatic image in the ultrasonic and x-ray computed tomographic examination of the liver in larva migrans syndrome]. PMID- 3158920 TI - [Should publications be subject to arbitration? Is arbitration scientific?]. PMID- 3158921 TI - [Binding of complement by anti-native desoxyribonucleic acid antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus]. AB - Antibodies directed against double-stranded (native) desoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) were detected by the immunofluorescence technique on Crithidia luciliae in 38 out of 58 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in 22 out of 296 controls with autoimmune diseases. The SLE patients had high titers of anti dsDNA antibodies which belonged at least to the IgG class and fixed the complement in 20 out of 38 cases. These complement-fixing antibodies differed from the others in their greater activity, as evaluated by C3 levels, and in their association with a high incidence of renal lesions. PMID- 3158922 TI - [Choledochoduodenal fistula of ulcerous origin. 2 cases]. AB - Two cases of choledochoduodenal fistula due to a duodenal ulcer located below the bulb are reported. Both patients were operated upon. Truncular vagotomy and antrectomy were performed, followed by gastro-duodenal anastomosis; the fistula itself was left untouched. Subject to some technical precautions, this operation, feared by most authors, is perfectly adequate, as it provides optimal conditions for healing of the ulcer, which is the main purpose of any surgical intervention in such cases. PMID- 3158923 TI - [Langerhans' cell]. AB - Our knowledge of the Langerhans cell has benefited much from improvements in identification techniques (notably dopa reaction and detection of ATPase), from the demonstration of Birbeck's granules at electron microscopy and from the finding of various membrane antigens, including the T6 antigen revealed by a monoclonal antibody. This antibody facilitates immunolabelling of skin sections and isolation of Langerhans cells from suspensions of epidermal cells. The Langerhans cell belongs to the histiomonocytic line; it originates in the bone marrow whence it migrates to colonize the granular layer of the epidermis. The stress is now placed on the immunological functions of these cells. They may bear haptens with DR restriction, i.e. in syngeneic situation. Treatment of the skin with ultraviolet rays, which destroy or inhibit the Langerhans cells, induces experimental tolerance to haptens. In the mixed lymphocytes-epidermal cells model, the treatment of suspensions with ultraviolet rays and/or monoclonal anti Langerhans cell antibodies suppresses allergenic stimulation. These results offer hopes of practical applications in different fields. PMID- 3158924 TI - [Removal of ureteral calculi by uteroscopy]. AB - Ureteral stones can now be removed endoscopically, using a ureteroscope. This instrument, provided with a direct optic system and an operating tube, is introduced under general anaesthesia after the ureteral opening has been dilated and is pushed up until it reaches the stone which is then removed by means of a basket catheter or a forceps. Voluminous stones can be shattered in situ by ultrasounds or hydroelectric shock waves. Forty-three stones, representing 72% of all attempts, were removed by this method from 30 patients. There were 6 failures due to impassable vesico-ureteral opening, ureteral flexure and wedged in or ascended stone, and 4 complications including 2 cases where the basket catheter went under the mucosa and 1 case each of secondary urinoma and ureteral clotting. There was no perforation nor overt septic complication. Most stones were larger than 10 X 4.5 mm and were located in the pelvic or iliac part of the ureter. Infected stones can be removed endoscopically under antibiotic treatment and provided a draining catheter is left in place. Ureteroscopy notably reduces the need for ureteral lithotomy. PMID- 3158925 TI - [Salmonella septicemia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3158927 TI - [Neonatal gonococcus conjunctivitis (prevention-epidemiology)]. PMID- 3158926 TI - [Use of ticlopidine in chronic hemodialyzed patients. Counter-indication in future renal transplant receivers]. PMID- 3158928 TI - [Torsade de pointes induced by the combination lidocaine-erythromycin and hepatic insufficiency]. PMID- 3158929 TI - [Are measurements of the urinary excretion of fasting calcium, phosphorus and hydroxyproline usefull in myeloma?]. PMID- 3158930 TI - [What is endo-urology?]. PMID- 3158931 TI - [Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B markers in dentists in Ille-et-Vilaine]. AB - In June, 1982 a questionnaire concerning a serological and epidemiological study of hepatitis B markers was mailed to the 421 private dentists in the Ille-et Vilaine department, France. One hundred and eighty-nine dentists (49%) filled the questionnaire, and 163 (38.2%) were investigated for HBs antigen and anti-HBs and/or anti-HBc antibodies. No subject with HBs antigen was found, but 17/163 dentists (10.43%) had virus B markers. Among dentists with positive serology, 3 reported hepatitis developed during their practice. These results are compared with data from the literature concerning dentists, dental health personnel and a population unexposed to the risk associated with dental surgery. Non-specific prevention can reduce the risk of contamination, but only immunization against hepatitis B can provide effective and long-lasting protection. PMID- 3158932 TI - [Induction of ovulation by a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone pump. Principles, indications and results]. AB - A new treatment of hypothalamic amenorrhea is based mainly on Knobil's data demonstrating the physiological pulsatile secretion of GnRH. This hormone can be administered intravenously in a chronic intermittent (pulsatile) fashion. Nine women suffering from hypothalamic amenorrhea received 1 pulse of GnRH 5 to 20 micrograms every 90 minutes via a portable infusion pump. Nine pregnancies were induced after a mean 1.5 cycle. Three precocious miscarriages occurred. At this moment two children are born and four other pregnancies are undelivered. Venous tolerance was excellent, except in one patient who developed repeated venitis. Pulsatile administration of GnRH is very effective in inducing ovulation without risk of hyperstimulation frequently observed with HMG-hCG. PMID- 3158933 TI - [Immediate hypersensitivity to quinine]. AB - Systemic anaphylactic reaction with shock was observed after ingestion of an antipyretic combination product containing quinine. That quinine was responsible for the reaction was proven by immediate skin tests and by oral challenge tests. The demonstration of specific IgE's by a radioallergosorbent test (RAST) provided evidence for an immediate hypersensitivity mechanism. PMID- 3158934 TI - [Viral hepatitis B in health personnel]. AB - Currently published studies indicate that the prevalence of serological evidence of hepatitis B viral infection is two to five times higher among health workers than in the general population. Repeated contact with blood specimens is essential for the transmission of hepatitis B to health workers. In particular, accidental wounds produced by used needles, especially needles contaminated with blood from Ag H be positive individuals, are frequently followed by clinical or serological evidence of viral hepatitis. The prevalence of serological evidence of hepatitis B infection increases in proportion to the duration of occupational exposure, the age of the health worker and the size of the city in which he is employed. In contrast, frequent patient contacts not involving exposure to blood products are not a major risk factor. Although unusual, the transmission of hepatitis B virus from chronically infected health workers to their patients has been described. PMID- 3158935 TI - [Initial results of x-ray computed tomography in emphysema]. PMID- 3158936 TI - [Whole body irradiation. Importance of mediastinal movements according to the patient's posture]. PMID- 3158937 TI - [Mediastinal choriocarcinoma in acute myeloblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3158938 TI - [Disorders of the erythrocyte oxidation state in Plasmodium falciparum malaria treated with chloroquine]. PMID- 3158939 TI - [Candida albicans meningoencephalitis in an apparently non-immunosuppressed patient]. PMID- 3158940 TI - [Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome]. PMID- 3158941 TI - [Fetal sex determination by molecular DNA probes specific for chromosome Y. Caution]. PMID- 3158942 TI - [Severe hypertensive crisis related to the use of POR 8(ornithine vasopressin) in gynecologic surgery. 2 cases]. PMID- 3158943 TI - [Is it necessary to publish the adverse effects of drugs?]. PMID- 3158945 TI - [Treatment of severe staphylococcal infections. Failure of rifampicin in combination therapy. 4 cases]. AB - Seven patients with severe methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections (5 with bacterial endocarditis, 1 with mediastinitis and 1 with meningitis and septicaemia) were treated with rifampicin combined with vancomycin in 6 cases and with gentamicin in 1 case. The 7 strains initially isolated from haemocultures were resistant to methicillin and sensitive to rifampicin. In 4 of these patients (3 of whom received vancomycin and 1 gentamicin) clinical and bacteriological failure was observed, with selection of rifampicin-resistant mutants. Bactericidal activity was always mediocre in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid, with insufficient vancomycin and gentamicin concentrations in 3 patients. An in vitro study of the combined antibiotics by the chequer-board method suggested antagonism in 3 of these 4 cases. Thus, in spite of its excellent activity and unquestionable effectiveness, rifampicin should be used with caution in severe staphylococcal infections. PMID- 3158944 TI - [Antispermatozoa autoantibodies in male sterility. Value of the detection of surface immunoglobulins G by the MAR test]. AB - The mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) test for immunoglobulins G was performed on 574 spermograms, resulting in the detection of surface auto-antibodies directed against spermatozoa in 4.18% of the cases. Concomitant investigations of spermograms for spontaneous agglutination and cross-penetration in a control cervical mucus, together with assays of antispermatozoa antibodies in serum and seminal fluid, have led to the diagnosis of asthenospermia in 87.5% of the cases. Spontaneous sperm agglutination was present in all cases; the cross-penetration test was negative or doubtful in 92.3%. Auto-antibodies against spermatozoa were found in 76.2% of serum and/or seminal fluid samples. PMID- 3158946 TI - [Role of acute alcoholism in violent death. Statistics of the Lyon Medico-Legal Institute (1981-2)]. AB - Over a 2-year period (1981-1982), blood alcohol levels were measured in 1371 post mortem examinations performed at the medico-legal Institute of Lyon. These levels were higher in men, in subjects who died between 9 p.m. and 3 a.m., in corpses found in water and in subjects killed by a fall or in a fire. Among the 4 main types of death (homicide, suicide, accident and natural death), those by homicide had the highest, and those by suicide the lowest blood alcohol concentrations. PMID- 3158947 TI - [A case of pheochromocytoma with cardiac localization. Review of the literature]. AB - In a 26-year old man who died post-operatively, post-mortem examination revealed the presence of a phaeochromocytoma located in the atrio-ventricular sulcus and involving the trunk and bifurcation branches of the left coronary artery. Pre operative investigations, including whole-body computerized tomography, and exploratory laparotomy had failed to detect the tumour. In contrast with the case reported here, the 4 other cases previously published concerned intrapericardial phaeochromocytomas in contact with the posterior wall of the left atrium. PMID- 3158949 TI - [Anterior approach in total hip arthroplasty]. AB - The anterior approach to the hip is first between the tensor muscle of fascia lata and the sartorius muscle, then laterally to the vastus externus. Desinsertion of the fascia lata from the ilium is necessary in only slightly more than one half of the cases, and it is always limited. Access to the capsule is wide and, provided one works on an orthopaedic operating table, the manoeuvres required to dislocate the joint and expose the femoral head and neck, then the cotyloid cavity, are simple. Closure is easy, and because the trochanter has not been sectioned, early rehabilitation is possible. PMID- 3158948 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of celiac disease: the attraction and flimsiness of hypotheses]. AB - The pathogenetic mechanisms which induce the intestinal lesions observed in coeliac disease are still unknown. The hypothesis of a primary intestinal peptidase deficiency has not been confirmed. The immunological theory is supported by a large number of findings, but it cannot explain all of the facts. The concept of a surface cell membrane abnormality aims at making up for the previous shortcomings, but it is based on very few unconfirmed data. Although the new pathogenetic theories for auto-immune diseases, and especially coeliac disease, are of considerable interest, experimental confirmation is eagerly awaited. Recently isolated pure toxic gliadin peptides may be of great value to test these new concepts in future research work. PMID- 3158951 TI - [Isolated primary inguinal lymph node plasmocytoma]. PMID- 3158950 TI - [Dysphagia in Parkinson's disease]. PMID- 3158952 TI - [Bezold-Jarish reflex, a reflection of coronary patency?]. PMID- 3158953 TI - [Inappropriate antidiuresis in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 3158954 TI - [Value of real-time ultrasonic diagnosis in closed injuries of the abdomen]. PMID- 3158955 TI - [Bilateral spontaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon due to corticotherapy]. PMID- 3158956 TI - [Delayed encephalitic complication of measles with maculopathy in an adult]. PMID- 3158958 TI - [Legionella infections in the Paris area. Predominance of serogroup 1 Legionella pneumophila infections]. PMID- 3158957 TI - [Multiple pulmonary artery aneurysms in Behcet's disease. Value of intravascular embolization]. PMID- 3158959 TI - [Changes in lateral reflex movements of the eyes after caloric stimulation in toxic coma]. PMID- 3158960 TI - [Who should be immunized against hepatitis B virus in France?]. PMID- 3158963 TI - [In utero death of one twin and cerebral complications in the surviving twin]. AB - When one of two twin foetuses dies in utero, the survivor may present with a number of abnormalities, including severe lesions of the nervous system. These lesions are of vascular origin and seem to be due to tissue emboli from the dead foetus. Monochorionic pregnancies are those at the highest risk of this pathology. The surviving twin must be examined both clinically and by ultrasonography. PMID- 3158961 TI - [Conservative loco-regional treatment of soft tissue sarcoma in adults after induction chemotherapy]. AB - Between June, 1979 and December, 1983, 23 adult patients with non-metastatic soft tissue sarcoma were treated with induction chemotherapy since local spread precluded primary conservative surgery. Eighteen patients received a combined cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin and dacarbazine treatment and 5, a combined adriamycin, cis-platinum and vindesine treatment. Both drug combinations exhibited toxic effects, notably on blood and digestive tract. However, tumoral volume was reduced by 50 p. cent or more in 14/23 patients, including 2 complete remissions; the course of the disease remained unchanged under treatment in only 3 cases. Chemotherapy facilitated surgical excision in 14 patients, and subsequent radiotherapy resulted in complete remission in 13 of these. None of the 13 patients relapsed during a mean follow-up period of 12 months (range: 3 to 48 months). Among the 9 patients who could not be operated upon, 5 benefited from radiotherapy with satisfactory local control, but only one still remains in complete remission. Thus, induction chemotherapy made it possible to achieve local control in two-thirds of patients with locally advanced sarcoma. However, a more prolonged follow-up is necessary to confirm that these results are long lasting and to determine the effects of chemotherapy, if any, on the metastatic potential of these tumours. PMID- 3158962 TI - [Articular and muscular hemorrhages in hemophilia A with anti-factor VIII antibodies. Treatment with selected batches of PPSB (factor IX concentrate)]. AB - Over a 10-month period, 65 bleeding episodes in 14 hemophilia A patients with anti-Factor VIII antibodies were treated with a non-activated Factor IX concentrate (PPSB). A single dose of 58-102 U/kg of Factor IX (average 80 U/kg) was used in 51 hemarthroses, 13 muscle hematomas and one dental bleed. Overall clinical results were satisfactory in 51% of cases. Forty nine per cent of acute hemarthroses were clinically improved. Safety tests were unchanged and no significant elevation of anti-VIII: C titers was recorded. These preliminary results ae similar to those obtained with single doses of activated prothrombin complex concentrates given to the same patients (Autoplex and FEIBA). PMID- 3158964 TI - [Recurrent herpes with neuralgia and zones of cutaneous hypoesthesia]. AB - A 52-year old man presented with recurrent Herpes simplex of the thigh and buttock of 30 years duration. The skin eruption was preceded by pain and sciatica. Surgical excision of the skin area involved modified the site of recurrence. During an attack, the patient developed severe pain and hypoaesthesia in the left half of his chest. The skin lesions were unmodified, and a type 2 Herpes simplex virus was isolated from a vesicle. A clinical examination performed 5 weeks later showed reduced sensitivity to pin prick in the previously painful D5 to D12 territory. Three points are of interest in this case: the site of recurrence moved after surgical excision, pain extended over a wide area and, most of all, persistent hypoaesthesia occurred during a recurrence. PMID- 3158965 TI - [The anterior choroidal artery syndrome]. AB - The anterior choroidal artery syndrome is extremely rare. When complete, it includes hemiplegia, hemianaesthesia and homonymous lateral hemianopsia. The diagnosis is provided by computerized tomography which shows a low-density area located in the posterior part of the posterior limb of the internal capsule, sparing the thalamus medially but involving the tip of the pallidum externally and corresponding to the territory of the anterior choroidal artery. Incomplete forms of the syndrome have been described. The syndrome may also be associated with neuropsychological disorders, including left neglect syndrome in right-sided lesions and disorders of speech in left-sided lesions. The anatomico-clinical correlations are discussed. PMID- 3158966 TI - [New cardiac pacemakers]. AB - The new pacemakers are operated by lithium batteries, which gives them 5 to 10 years of life. They often contain a microcomputer controlling all their functions. The pacing rate, the energy of each impulse and the sensitivity to spontaneous cardiac potentials can be modified from outside by means of a programmer: the pacemaker can therefore be adapted to each patient, and some abnormalities in its functioning can be corrected without reoperating. It is often possible to interrogate these pacemakers on their setting and on the state of their battery, and they sometimes store in memory the patient's cardiac rhythm, thus acting as "implantable Holters". The so-called "physiological" pacemakers improve haemodynamics by increasing stimulation frequency during exercise, usually through detection of the atrial potential. Finally, the latest pacemakers are capable of controlling some atrial, junctional or ventricular tachycardias. It is for the latter that implantable defibrillators are intended. PMID- 3158967 TI - [Seroprevalence of visceral larva migrans in the Midi-Pyrenees region]. PMID- 3158968 TI - [Regressive paraplegia in tuberculous meningitis]. PMID- 3158969 TI - [Mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema in diabetic acidoketosis]. PMID- 3158970 TI - [Morvan's fibrillary chorea after gold therapy]. PMID- 3158971 TI - [Bladder wall hematoma from anticoagulants. A rare complication]. PMID- 3158972 TI - [Role of complement C5 fraction in the adult respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 3158973 TI - [Sodium chlorate poisoning]. PMID- 3158974 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in carbon monoxide poisoning. A justified and hardly questionable therapy]. PMID- 3158975 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus, Basedow's disease, monoclonal gammapathy and amyloidosis in the same patient]. PMID- 3158976 TI - [Haemophilus influenzae and genital infections: which role for biotype IV?]. PMID- 3158977 TI - [Bacterial colonization of the digestive tract in newborn infants]. PMID- 3158978 TI - [Severe quantitative bone marrow insufficiency: results of treatment with high dose antilymphocyte serum]. AB - Nineteen patients with severe aplastic anaemia were treated with 21 courses of horse antithymocyte globulins (ATG). Changes in haematological parameters were correlated with ATG dosage. One of the 11 patients who received less than 100 mg/kg is still alive after more than 12 months. One of the 10 patients who received more than 100 mg/kg died of infection; in the remaining 9 patients, treatment resulted in increase or even return to normal of haemoglobin, polymorphonuclear and platelet levels. None of these 9 patients relapsed during a median follow-up of 16 months (range: 7 to 35 months). Immediate drug tolerance and serum sickness were unrelated to ATG dosage. These results confirm the therapeutic effectiveness of antithymocytic globulins in severe aplastic anaemia; they also suggest that 150 mg/kg doses are required to obtain satisfactory and long-lasting results. PMID- 3158979 TI - [A case of scleroderma with sclerodermic renal crisis and association with the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]. AB - We report a case of scleroderma with "scleroderma renal crisis", (arterial hypertension, high plasma renin levels and impaired renal function) associated with a Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome which includes neurological, ophthalmic and cutaneous symptoms. This case is interesting not only because both syndromes are rare and have not previously been reported in association, but because it suggests a pathogenetic relationship between two autoimmune diseases. PMID- 3158980 TI - [Treatment of bullous pemphigoid by plasma exchange and prednisolone]. AB - Between March, 1983 and March 1984, 12 previously untreated patients (7 men, 5 women) with biopsy proven active bullous pemphigoid entered this open study. Their initial therapy associated oral prednisolone 0.5 mg/kg in divided daily doses with 4 large volume plasma exchanges (one and half the theoretical plasma volume) over 2 weeks. The disease was considered under control when new blisters and pruritus were absent for 2 consecutive weeks. This initial treatment was well tolerated by these elderly patients (mean age 80 +/- 9 years), with no death and no major complication. Eight patients were controlled within 29 +/- 4 days. During progressive decrease of steroid dosage 5 of these 8 patients remained well (mean follow-up 7 months), 2 relapsed and one died of marasmus. Among the 4 patients who were not controlled, 3 needed only a slight increase in prednisolone doses (0.75 mg/kg/d) and 1 required up to 1 mg/kg/d and 4 additional plasma exchanges. This study suggests that a combined treatment with moderate doses of prednisolone and 4 large volume plasma exchanges is well tolerated and highly effective in bullous pemphigoid. PMID- 3158981 TI - [Anuria caused by tight stenosis of the renal arteries. 2 cases]. AB - Two patients developed anuria associated with tight stenosis, though not complete obstruction, of the renal arteries. This rare and little known accident is found in atheromatous patients with severe arterial hypertension of renovascular origin. It usually occurs when blood pressure falls under the influence of a precipitating factor. Diagnosis rests on angiography. Diuresis is resumed immediately after surgical revascularization. The operation must be performed in every case, even after a long delay, since the kidneys remain viable for a long time due to the development of an extensive collateral circulation. Such anurias are particularly severe in patients with poor underlying condition and when vascular lesions are diffuse. PMID- 3158982 TI - [Non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis]. AB - Non-alcoholic steatosis of the liver is a common condition. It usually consists of triglyceride drop deposits in macro- or microvacuoles of the hepatocytes and may result from various disturbances of lipid metabolism, notably accumulation of fatty acids in the liver and decrease in the secretion or synthesis of lipoproteins. The causes of steatosis are numerous. It is important to distinguish between severe steatosis (acute steatosis of pregnancy, toxic steatosis, Reye's syndrome), where most of the deposits are in microvacuoles, and incidental or moderate steatosis of nutritional or hormonal origin, or developed during idiopathic enterocolitis or various liver diseases. Treatment, sometimes intensive, essentially depends upon the cause of steatosis. PMID- 3158983 TI - [Effect of insulin pump therapy on clinical and electrical signs of diabetic neuropathy]. PMID- 3158984 TI - [Horton's disease disclosed by trismus]. PMID- 3158985 TI - [An unusual cause of spinal nerve injury. A love bite]. PMID- 3158986 TI - [Approach to spinal vascularization by bifemoral arteriography]. PMID- 3158987 TI - [Concentration and pharmacokinetics of daunorubicin in leukemic cells in vivo]. PMID- 3158988 TI - [Unusual complication of costal fracture. Stercoraceous pyopneumothorax]. PMID- 3158989 TI - [Food allergy and pollen allergy: a curious association]. PMID- 3158990 TI - [Hepatic involvement in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Study of 20 cases]. AB - Liver biopsies were systematically performed in 20 patients with evidence of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (18 with opportunistic infections, 9 with Kaposi's sarcoma). Hepatitis, related to hepatitis-B virus in 3 cases and to cytomegalovirus in 3 cases, was present in 6 of them. All patients had at least one of the three following lesions: non-specific portal inflammatory infiltration (6 cases), granulomatous lesions (12 cases), vascular abnormalities (12 cases). Among hepatic granulomatous lesions: 3 were due to acid-fast bacilli and 1 to Cryptococcus. Sinusoidal abnormality included proliferation of Kupffer cells (9 cases), sinusoidal dilatation (2 cases), peliosis (4 cases) and Kaposi's sarcoma (1 case). A relationship between these abnormalities cannot be excluded. PMID- 3158991 TI - [Tangier disease. A rare thesaurismosis]. AB - The authors report the case of a 15-year old boy with Tangier disease characterized clinically by grossly enlarged tonsils, liver and spleen. Blood counts showed signs of hypersplenism, and blood lipid assays disclosed hypercholesterolaemia with moderate hypertriglyceridaemia and very low levels of high density lipoproteins. The diagnosis was confirmed by biopsies of the liver, spleen, rectal mucosa, tonsils and bone marrow, all tissues which contained foamy histiocytic cells staining like adipose cells. Following splenectomy, the child developed an unexplained, persistent (6 months) fever, then died suddenly of digestive haemorrhage. A genetic study showed a high degree of inbreeding, with 2 deaths probably due to Tangier disease. The authors contrast the surprising severity of this case with the apparent benignity of the disease as described in other publications. PMID- 3158992 TI - [Which hiatal hernias require surgery?]. AB - Several clinical situations may justify surgery for hiatal hernia. The approach varies depending on whether the problem is a mechanical complication or a gastro oesophageal reflux responsible for oesophagitis, peptic stenosis, chest pain, respiratory disorders or Barrett's oesophagus. Recurrence of reflux after surgery raises even more complex problems. Evaluation by modern exploratory techniques helps in establishing precise indications for the operation which must, be reserved to selected cases. PMID- 3158994 TI - [Severe drop in plasma fibronectin in severe forms of Plasmodium falciparum malaria]. PMID- 3158993 TI - [Pseudomembranous colitis complicating treatment with injectable erythromycin]. PMID- 3158995 TI - [Severe diarrhea disclosing toxic adenoma of the thyroid]. PMID- 3158996 TI - [Dramatic aggravation of prostatic cancer at the onset of treatment with an LHRH agonist]. PMID- 3158997 TI - [A rare cause of severe aortic insufficiency: rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3158998 TI - [Accidental familial poisoning by organophosphate insecticides]. PMID- 3158999 TI - [Simultaneous infectious endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis and deficient Streptococcus]. PMID- 3159000 TI - [Organization of the preventive examination of the population]. PMID- 3159001 TI - [Improved methods of preventing tuberculosis and nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 3159002 TI - [Use of fluorescence microscopy in a district tuberculosis dispensary]. PMID- 3159003 TI - [Work experience of the surgical office of a tuberculosis dispensary]. PMID- 3159004 TI - [Dispensary observation of patients with nonspecific respiratory diseases--rural inhabitants]. PMID- 3159005 TI - [Effectiveness of tuberculosis control work in the Uzbek SSR]. PMID- 3159007 TI - [Organization of the detection and treatment of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the Kazakh SSR]. PMID- 3159006 TI - [Characteristics of the health resort and climate treatment of elderly patients at tuberculosis sanatoria on the southern coast of the Crimea]. PMID- 3159008 TI - Brain dopamine receptors in schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia. AB - Brain dopamine receptors (type D2) mediate the psychomotor effects of dopamine. The D2 dopamine receptor can exist in either a high-affinity state for dopamine (nanomolar dissociation constant) or in a low-affinity state (micromolar dissociation constant). Both states of the receptor, however, have high affinity for neuroleptics (60 pM for spiperone). The postsynaptic receptor probably operates mainly in the D2 slow state. The presynaptic dopamine receptor, and also the dopamine receptors in the pituitary gland and the area postrema, probably function in the D2 high state. The density of brain D2 dopamine receptors is elevated in schizophrenia. The control densities were 10.5 pmol per g tissue. Half of the schizophrenic tissues (putamen, caudate nucleus, and nucleus accumbens) revealed densities of about 11.9 pmol per g, while the other half of the tissues revealed a density mode of 23.8 pmol per g. The bimodal distribution may support the concept of two types of schizophrenia. Future work must decide which group has more tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 3159009 TI - Differential alteration of striatal D-1 and D-2 receptors induced by the long term administration of haloperidol, sulpiride or clozapine to rats. AB - Rats received haloperidol, sulpiride, or clozapine in their daily drinking water for up to 1 year in clinically equivalent doses. After 12 months' drug intake, and while drug administration continued, striatal dopamine function was assessed. Haloperidol induced D-2 receptor hypersensitivity as shown by enhanced apomorphine-induced stereotypy, elevated Bmax for specific 3H-spiperone and 3H NPA binding, and an increase in striatal acetylcholine content. D-1 receptor sites appeared unaffected, since dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase and specific 3H-piflutixol binding were not altered. In contrast, neither sulpiride nor clozapine enhanced apomorphine-induced stereotypy or increased Bmax for 3H spiperone binding. Sulpiride, but not clozapine, increased Bmax for 3H-NPA binding; clozapine, but not sulpiride, elevated striatal acetyl choline concentrations. In general, both sulpiride and clozapine enhanced D-1 function as assessed by dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase or 3H-piflutixol binding. On acute administration sulpiride and clozapine appear to act at D-2 sites, but continuous chronic administration of these compounds does not result in the development of striatal D-2 receptor hypersensitivity. The absence of change in D 2 function during chronic treatment, coupled with an ability to enhance D-1 function, may contribute to the low incidence of tardive dyskinesia produced by these drugs in man. PMID- 3159010 TI - Functional classification of different dopamine receptors. AB - A series of experiments is described in which behavioral models and intracerebral dialysis were used to study neurotransmitter release and which illustrate the functional properties of different dopamine receptors. Evidence is presented for the existence of postsynaptic D-1 dopamine receptors, which are preferentially stimulated by apomorphine and inhibited by SCH 23390, and postsynaptic D-2 receptors, which are preferentially stimulated by pergolide and inhibited by sulpiride. On the basis of results obtained following systemic and local treatment with picrotoxin it seems probable that D-2 receptors are located on GABA interneurons in the striatum. Furthermore, lesion studies indicate that the D-1 and D-2 receptors are related to different neuronal pathways. In contrast to postsynaptic dopamine receptors, presynaptic autoreceptors, as studied by recording the decrease in exploratory behavior and dopamine release, seem not to differ in their response to apomorphine and pergolide. Sulpiride selectively inhibits dopamine autoreceptors and is equally potent in inhibiting apomorphine and pergolide autoreceptor-dependent responses. In summary, the data strongly support the existence of functionally important D-1 and D-2 receptors. PMID- 3159011 TI - Differential effects of dopamine D-1 and D-2 agonists and antagonists in 6 hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. PMID- 3159012 TI - Mechanism of activation of the heme-stabilized translational inhibitor of reticulocyte lysates by calcium ions and phospholipid. AB - We have reported previously that calcium ions and phospholipid activate the heme stabilized proinhibitor form (pro-HCI) of the heme-controlled translational inhibitor (HCI) in reticulocyte lysates and promote the first step of the reaction pro-HCI in equilibrium reversible HCI----irreversible HCI. This suggested the possible involvement of a Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) in the activation. However, further investigation revealed, among other things, that polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., arachidonic acid) were as effective as Ca2+/phospholipid in promoting translational inhibition and phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of the chain-initiation factor eIF-2 and, moreover, HCI activation could be prevented or reversed in either case by NADPH-generating systems or by dithiols. Our results suggest that pro-HCI is activated by lipoperoxides produced in reticulocyte lysates from either phospholipid or polyunsaturated fatty acids; the presence of Ca2+ is required in the former but not in the latter case. The reversible activation of HCI by Ca2+ and phospholipid might suggest a possible modulatory role of Ca2+ in translational control. PMID- 3159013 TI - Genetic rearrangement of DNA induces knots with a unique topology: implications for the mechanism of synapsis and crossing-over. AB - We have determined the topological sign of the knots produced by a cycle of phage lambda integrative recombination. To insure that these knots reflect intrinsic features of the reaction mechanism, the substrate was constructed so that random interwrapping of segments of DNA played a minimal role in the topological outcome. The knotted DNA was coated with the bacteriophage T4 uvsX gene product and examined in the electron microscope to determine the nature of each crossing point or node. All of the knots were identical; they were trefoils with three nodes of positive sign. We interpret this result to mean that one recombination site, which previous work had indicated is organized into a nucleosome-like structure, is wrapped with a handedness identical to that found in nucleosomes. Therefore, this wrapping may explain the dependence of recombination on supercoiling of the substrate DNA. Moreover, we show that the topological result sharply limits acceptable mechanisms for the details of strand exchange. PMID- 3159014 TI - A cII-dependent promoter is located within the Q gene of bacteriophage lambda. AB - We have found a cII-dependent promoter, PaQ, within the Q gene of bacteriophage lambda. Transcription experiments and abortive initiation assays performed in vitro showed that the promoter strength and the cII affinity of PaQ were comparable to the other cII-dependent lambda promoters, PE and PI. The location and leftward direction of PaQ suggests a possible role in the delay of lambda late-gene expression by cII protein, a phenomenon that has been called cII dependent inhibition. We have constructed a promoter down mutation, paq-1, by changing a single base pair in the putative cII binding site of the promoter by oligonucleotide site-directed mutagenesis. The paq-1 mutant promoter required about 4-fold higher cII concentrations for maximal activation compared to the wild-type PaQ. We tested the hypothesis that PaQ is responsible in part for the delay of lambda late-gene expression by recombining the paq-1 mutation into a phage showing severe cII-dependent inhibition. We found that the paq-1 mutation relieved the cII-dependent growth defect of this phage. The paq-1 mutation (in combination with lambda cI857) resulted in a clear-plaque phenotype at the permissive temperature of 32 degrees C. The role of the PaQ-initiated antisense transcript in the control of lambda development is discussed. PMID- 3159015 TI - Murine interferon-beta receptor-mediated endocytosis and nuclear membrane binding. AB - Radioiodinated mouse interferon-beta (125I-MuIFN-beta) bound with high affinity (Kd = 9.8 X 10(-10) M) to plasma membrane of L929 murine fibroblasts (4-6 X 10(3) receptor sites per cell). The binding was saturable and inhibited by a 100-fold excess of unlabeled MuIFN-beta but not by excess mouse IFN-gamma (MuIFN-gamma). MuIFN-beta bound at 4 degrees C was very rapidly internalized upon warming of the cells to 37 degrees C (t 1/2 = 1.5 min). Indirect immunoferritin labeling indicated that MuIFN-beta was initially located in coated pits and subsequently internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Isolated L929 cell nuclei bound 125I-MuIFN-beta with a 7-fold higher affinity (Kd = 1.4 X 10(-10) M) and higher receptor density (about 10(4) per nucleus) than that for the plasma membrane. Binding to the nuclear membrane was inhibited by a 100-fold excess of unlabeled MuIFN-beta but not by excess MuIFN-gamma. Trypsin treatment of nuclei decreased IFN binding by 80%, suggesting that the putative nuclear receptors are protein. Specific binding of MuIFN-beta to nuclei was also shown by fluorescence and electron microscopy. We propose that the very rapid internalization of MuIFN-beta by receptor-mediated endocytosis is important in the cellular processing of IFN and that its high-affinity binding to the nuclear membrane suggests the nucleus as an intracellular site of IFN action. PMID- 3159016 TI - Basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans are concentrated in the laminae rarae and in podocytes of the rat renal glomerulus. AB - A polyclonal antibody was raised against a proteoglycan fraction purified from extracts of isolated rat renal glomeruli. The antibody was characterized by column chromatography and by NaDodSO4/PAGE analysis of immunoprecipitates and was shown to recognize specifically the core protein of a population of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (Mr 130,000) found in the glomerular basement membrane and in other renal basement membranes. The antibody was used to localize the core proteins of this population of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) in the glomerulus by immunoelectron microscopic techniques. These HSPG were found to be concentrated in the lamina rarae interna and externa of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and precursor forms were detected in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi cisternae of glomerular visceral epithelial cells (podocytes). PMID- 3159017 TI - Dual role for Escherichia coli RecA protein in SOS mutagenesis. AB - Induction of the Escherichia coli SOS system increases the ability of the cells to perform DNA repair and mutagenesis. Previous work has shown that this increased mutagenesis is the result of derepression of specific genes through a complex regulatory mechanism controlled by LexA and RecA proteins. One role of RecA protein in this process is to facilitate proteolytic cleavage of LexA protein (the repressor) in response to an inducing signal that reversibly activates RecA protein to perform this function. We show that activated RecA protein plays a second role in SOS mutagenesis, as revealed by analyzing repair of UV-damaged phage lambda in host mutants with alterations in the SOS regulatory system. First, phage mutagenesis was not expressed constitutively in a mutant that is derepressed through lack of functional LexA protein; activated RecA protein was still required. Second, phage mutagenesis was constitutively expressed in the presence of recA mutations that alter RecA protein so that it is activated in normally growing cells. There was also RecA-dependent constitutive expression of SOS mutagenesis in host mutants that lack functional LexA protein and carry plasmids. We discuss several possible biochemical mechanisms for this second role of activated RecA protein in SOS mutagenesis. PMID- 3159018 TI - Biological activity of liposome-encapsulated murine interferon gamma is mediated by a cell membrane receptor. AB - Recombinant murine gamma interferon (rMuIFN-gamma) was found to bind reversibly to a specific high-affinity surface receptor on L929 cells; neither murine alpha or beta nor human gamma IFN competed for receptor binding. Encapsulation of the rMuIFN-gamma in either negatively or positively charged liposomes reduced its immediate ability to bind to this surface receptor. Disruption of liposome integrity with detergent resulted in full ability of the rMuIFN-gamma to bind to the membrane receptor. Incubation of the liposomal IFN in serum-containing medium resulted in significant leakage so that the IFN was able to bind to its surface receptor. Assessment of the biological activity of the rMuIFN-gamma preparations revealed that full antiviral activity was observed in vitro with the liposomal IFN preparations without their prior disruption by detergent. The antiviral activity observed with either free or liposomal IFN was neutralized completely by antibodies against rMuIFN-gamma. Both free and liposomal rMuIFN-gamma, in conjunction with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, were also able to activate murine peritoneal macrophages to the tumoricidal state. Again, this activity of both free and liposomal IFN could be neutralized completely by antibody. These results indicate that although rMuIFN-gamma can be effectively incorporated into liposomes, it must ultimately leak out of the liposome in order to mediate its biological effects; these effects are triggered after the IFN binds to its cell surface receptors. PMID- 3159019 TI - Distinct roles of putrescine and spermidine in the regulation of ornithine decarboxylase in Neurospora crassa. AB - We wished to identify metabolic signals governing changes in ornithine decarboxylase (L-ornithine carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.17) activity in Neurospora crassa. By manipulations of the ornithine supply and by the use of inhibitors of the polyamine pathway, we found that spermidine negatively governs formation of active ornithine decarboxylase and that putrescine promotes inactivation of the enzyme. Direct addition of putrescine or spermidine to cycloheximide-treated cells confirmed the role of putrescine in enzyme inactivation and showed that spermidine had no effect on this process. Increases in ornithine decarboxylase activity caused by blocking spermidine synthesis occurred prior to a significant decrease in the spermidine pool. This is consistent with our previous finding that only 10-20% of the spermidine pool is freely diffusible within N. crassa cells. We presume that only this small fraction of the pool is active in regulation. PMID- 3159020 TI - Antigen induces chronic idiotype suppression. AB - Hapten coupled to isologous gamma globulin can substitute for anti-idiotypic antibody in the induction of neonatal chronic idiotype suppression. The immunologically suppressed animals fail to express an idiotypically defined subset of anti-hapten antibodies in later life and harbor regulatory T cells that prevent the expression of this same antibody subset by B cells. Suppression ceases after several months, but memory of suppression persists and can be recalled by small doses of hapten-carrier conjugate. These data show that an antigen present in a mouse at birth is able to generate a T-cell-dependent suppressive mechanism that controls expression of antigen-specific antibodies through the recognition of antibody idiotypes. The idiotypic network is thus involved in the control of tolerance and the available antibody repertoire. PMID- 3159021 TI - Amyloid plaque core protein in Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome. AB - We have purified and characterized the cerebral amyloid protein that forms the plaque core in Alzheimer disease and in aged individuals with Down syndrome. The protein consists of multimeric aggregates of a polypeptide of about 40 residues (4 kDa). The amino acid composition, molecular mass, and NH2-terminal sequence of this amyloid protein are almost identical to those described for the amyloid deposited in the congophilic angiopathy of Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome, but the plaque core proteins have ragged NH2 termini. The shared 4-kDa subunit indicates a common origin for the amyloids of the plaque core and of the congophilic angiopathy. There are superficial resemblances between the solubility characteristics of the plaque core and some of the properties of scrapie infectivity, but there are no similarities in amino acid sequences between the plaque core and scrapie polypeptides. PMID- 3159022 TI - Aberrant neurofilament phosphorylation in Alzheimer disease. AB - Alzheimer tangles, despite their location in neuronal perikarya, react immunocytochemically with monoclonal antibodies to phosphorylated epitopes of neurofilaments. Normal perikarya do not contain phosphorylated neurofilaments. The aberrant phosphorylation in both plaques and tangles seems to be largely restricted to individual phosphorylation sites among the many sites available in neurofilaments. It is suggested that the Alzheimer lesion involves an imbalance within specific kinases responsible for phosphorylation of different sites in neurofilaments. PMID- 3159023 TI - Glucocorticoid inhibition of immunoreactive beta-endorphin release from the anterior lobe of the rat pituitary: in vitro and in vivo studies. AB - Glucocorticoid control of pituitary beta-endorphin (beta-END) release was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Cultured cells of both rat anterior (AL) and neurointermediate (NIL) lobe released beta-END-like immunoreactivity (beta-END LI) in response to epinephrine (10(-7) M); however, only the response of AL cells was prevented by corticosterone (10(-8)-10(-6) M) or dexamethasone (10(-9)-10(-7) M). Gel chromatographic analysis (Sephadex G-50) revealed that the major forms of beta-END-LI released by AL cells corresponded to beta-END and beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH) in molecular size, whereas virtually all of the immunoreactivity released by NIL cells resembled beta-END. In vivo administration of dexamethasone attenuated the stress-induced release of beta-END-LI in a dose- and time-related fashion, having a more pronounced effect on plasma levels of beta-END-LI corresponding to beta-LPH in molecular size. Metyrapone (100 mg/kg), an inhibitor of glucocorticoid synthesis, evoked a rapid (20-40 min) four- to sixfold increase in total plasma beta-END-LI and 75% of this rise was due to immunoreactivity resembling beta-LPH in size. This response was diminished by coadministration of either dexamethasone (0.05-1.25 mg/kg) or corticosterone (0.05-1.25 mg/kg) and completely prevented by 4-hr pretreatment with dexamethasone (50 micrograms/kg). The briskness of the plasma beta-END-LI response to acute changes in glucocorticoid status suggests that a "rapid" feedback mechanism operates in the physiologic control of pituitary beta-END-LI secretion. Moreover, the ability of glucocorticoids to selectively inhibit AL release of beta-END-LI in vitro and their pronounced effect on plasma levels of beta-END-LI resembling beta-LPH, a marker of AL secretion, together indicate that glucocorticoids exert a selective influence over the secretion of AL corticotrophs in vivo. This demonstration of differential regulation of the AL versus IL secretion of beta-END-LI in vivo most likely reflects a phenomena having biologic importance related to the different physiologic actions of the several molecular forms of beta-END-LI secreted by the two tissues. PMID- 3159024 TI - The effect of chronic estrogen treatment on immunoreactive beta-endorphin levels in intact female rats. AB - Intact female rats were treated chronically with estradiol benzoate (EB) until a state of constant estrus (CE) was achieved and maintained. When compared to female rats on the day of estrus, estrogen-treated rats in constant estrus demonstrated a 33% decrease in the concentration of immunoreactive beta-endorphin (IR-BE) in the plasma, and a 45-50% decrease in the content and concentration of IR-BE in the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus. The content and concentration of IR-BE in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary were similar in each group. Column chromatography revealed that the reduction in IR-BE in the plasma and anterior pituitary of EB-treated CE female rats appeared to be due to a reduction in peptides coeluting with beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin, whereas the reduction in IR-BE in the hypothalamus represented a decrease in a peptide which coeluted with beta-endorphin. These data suggest that constant estrus, induced by prolonged treatment of intact female rats with estrogen, resulted in a reduction in central and peripheral levels of IR-BE in these animals as compared to female rats on the day of estrus. PMID- 3159025 TI - Comparative pharmacology of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on platelet function. AB - Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated a critical role for ferrous heme in prostaglandin synthesis. Based upon these studies, we proposed a model for heme-arachidonic acid interaction and demonstrated that compounds which interfere with this interaction inhibit arachidonic oxidation by ferrous heme. In this study, we have examined the effect of four different inhibitors for their effect on platelet arachidonic acid metabolism and function. The compounds studied were an iron chelator, 2,2'-dipyridyl, the cyclooxygenase inhibitors, Ibuprofen and aspirin, and a polyenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid. All four compounds at approximately 100 microM concentration blocked the second wave of platelet aggregation in response to epinephrine or adenosine diphosphate. They were equally potent in inhibiting 14C-arachidonic conversion by platelets to thromboxane. However, inhibition of platelet thromboxane production and function by dipyridyl and DHA was reversible. Removal of these compounds from the medium restored platelets ability to respond to agonists and generate products through the cyclooxygenase pathway. The inhibitory effect of Ibuprofen and aspirin on cyclooxygenase activity could not be reversed by washing the platelets. However, Ibuprofen treated platelets aggregated when stirred with arachidonate in a normal way. No such response could be elicited from aspirin treated platelets. All compounds (except DHA) interfered with heme-arachidonic acid interaction in a cell-free system and prevented arachidonic acid oxidation. Results of our studies suggest a common mechanism of action for these different classes of compounds. In spite of the common mechanism, each class of drug seems to have a relatively different effect upon platelet cyclooxygenase and function. PMID- 3159027 TI - Isomers of 3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4,6,8,10-pentaenal (a linear analogue of retinal) and lower homologues in their interaction with bovine opsin and bacterioopsin. PMID- 3159026 TI - Inhibition of metabolism of the 'nonclassical' antifolate, trimetrexate (2,4 diamino-5-methyl-6-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyanilino)methyl]quinazoline) by drugs containing an imidazole moiety. AB - 2,4-Diamino-5-methyl-6-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyanilino)methyl]quinazoline (TMQ; NSC No. 249008) is a 'nonclassical' antifolate which is advocated as an alternative to methotrexate. TMQ is rapidly and extensively demethylated by a cytochrome P-450 mediated oxidation to a weakly cytotoxic compound of increased polarity. In this study, the effects of clinically used imidazole drugs ketoconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, cimetidine, etintidine, clonidine and cibenzoline on the rat hepatic microsomal demethylation of TMQ in vitro was investigated. The nitrogen substituted imidazole drugs (ketoconazole, miconazole, and clotrimazole) were potent non-competitive inhibitors of TMQ metabolism with IC50 values obtainable at therapeutic doses (less than 2 microM). Cimetidine and etintidine were comparatively weak, competitive inhibitors of TMQ metabolism (IC50 greater than 300 microM) and clonidine and cibenzoline were even less inhibitory (IC50 greater than 1 mM). The nitrogen-substituted imidazole drugs have the potential to dramatically alter the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of TMQ as well as other drugs in vivo. PMID- 3159028 TI - Preferential binding of bacteriophage Mu repressor to supercoiled Mu DNA. AB - It was shown, using a relatively simple assay, that Mu repressor, cI, binds specifically to a region which spans the leftmost HindIII cleavage site on the phage genome. This extends the observations of Kwoh and Zipser [Nature (London) 277, 489-491 (1979)], who were able to define a binding region to the left of this site. These results provide support for the idea that the eight blocks of repeated DNA sequences, which also span the HindIII cleavage site, are involved in repressor binding. These results also indicate that cI repressor has a marked preference for supercoiled DNA. PMID- 3159029 TI - Neuromuscular activity and electromyography in painful backs: psychological and biomechanical models in assessment and treatment. PMID- 3159030 TI - Modeling labor arbitration decisions: factors used in medically-based grievances. PMID- 3159031 TI - Children's illnesses as risk factors for child abuse. PMID- 3159033 TI - Morphological parameters in lupus nephritis: their relevance for classification and relationship with clinical and histological findings and outcome. AB - One hundred and sixty-seven renal biopsies from 147 patients with lupus nephritis were studied retrospectively to assess the contribution to morphological classification by features assessed with immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, together with pathological indices obtained by scoring specific histologic changes. The prognostic relevance of the histologic scoring was also evaluated. The biopsies were assigned to the following classes: I, absence of glomerular lesions; II, mesangial proliferation; III, focal segmental proliferation; IVa, diffuse (more than 50 per cent of the glomeruli) but segmentally distributed proliferation; IVb, diffuse and generalised proliferation; IVc, extracapillary proliferation; Va, pure membranous changes; Vb, membranous changes with slight mesangial proliferation; VI, association of class V and class III or IV. The incidence and degree of some glomerular and non glomerular 'active' and 'sclerotic' changes as assessed by light microscopy were evaluated in the different classes. Both the activity and sclerosis indices obtained by scoring these lesions were found to be significantly higher in classes with glomerular proliferative changes. Eighteen patients had a second biopsy and two of these had a third; more severe changes were observed in nine and improvement in four. In 146 biopsies light microscopy findings were compared with immunofluorescence patterns (negative, mesangial, mesangial and peripheral, peripheral, membranous). The mesangial pattern was mainly present in class II with a few examples in classes I and III; in the last two the mesangial peripheral pattern was most common; the peripheral pattern was by far the most common in class IV (a, b and c) and frequent in class VI; a membranous pattern was the rule in class V and occasionally found in class VI. Immunoglobulins (Igs) and complement (C) fractions were simultaneously present in most cases, IgG, C3 and C1q being the commonest in all classes. Except for IgM and fibrinogen, the differences in distribution of Igs and C fractions among the various classes were statistically significant. The deposits most commonly found by electron microscopy in all biopsies were mesangial; subendothelial deposits were mainly found in classes with active glomerular changes, frequently associated with deposits at the other sites in the most severe cases. A highly significant correlation was found between the activity index and the sclerosis index and severity of the clinical picture at biopsy. An unfavourable progress was confined mainly to classes with extensive intracapillary proliferation and correlated significantly with the highest activity and sclerosis indices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3159035 TI - [A method of estimating the effectiveness of ionizing radiation and magnetic fields for phage induction in lysogenic bacterial culture]. AB - Either the difference delta N of the content of free phage particles in the experiment and the control or K ratio of these values can be used to estimate the effectiveness of ionizing radiation or other agents inducing phage formation in a lysogenic bacterium culture. The estimation technique the results of which are nearly independent of the fluctuations in the number of phage particles in the control, the inductor dose being invariable, is the most adequate one. The induction of phage in E. coli K12 (lambda) culture by X-rays and magnetic field is an example illustrating that the K ratio, which can be called "the induction coefficient", is in a good agreement with the requirement mentioned above. A possible nature of the phenomenon observed is discussed. PMID- 3159032 TI - Anti-aversive role of serotonin in the dorsal periaqueductal grey matter. AB - Microinjection of 5, 10, and 20 nmol serotonin (5-HT) and of 0.5, 1, and 2 nmol 5 methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) into the dorsal midbrain of rats bearing chronically implanted chemitrodes raised the electrical threshold for inducing escape behaviour following stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal grey matter (DPAG). Linear regressions of log dose against drug-induced increase in aversive threshold were obtained for 5-HT and 5-MeODMT. The 5-MeODMT dose-effect curve was steeper and lay to the left of the 5-HT dose-effect curve. Local pre treatment with 10 nmol metergoline or ketanserin blocked the anti-aversive effect of 10 nmol 5-HT, whereas pre-treatment with 100 nmol zimelidine potentiated this effect of 5-HT. The same dose of zimelidine raised the aversive threshold when given alone. These results suggest that 5-HT plays an inhibitory role in the DPAG controlling aversion, probably mediated by 5-HT2 receptors. PMID- 3159034 TI - [The role of ADP-ribosylation processes in the repair of cytogenetic damage in mammalian cells]. AB - Nicotinamide (NA) was shown to increase the yield of chromosome aberrations in irradiated Chinese hamster cells. The effect was observed with all doses used (1 4 Gy) and in all phases of the cell cycle; it was maximum as cells transferred from S to G1 phase. The modification of radiation-induced aberrations was more pronounced in the chromatid deletions and in exchanges. The combined action of NA and caffeine showed a synergism. It is assumed that NA inhibits reparation in a different way than caffeine does. PMID- 3159036 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for treatment of subclavian steal. AB - Twenty-two patients with subclavian steal were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Fifteen had unilateral stenosis of the subclavian artery, one had severe stenosis on the left and total occlusion on the right, five had total subclavian occlusion on the left, and one had total occlusion of the innominate artery. All subclavian stenoses as well as the occluded innominate artery were successfully dilated, resulting in correction of subclavian steal; however, attempts to recanalize the totally occluded subclavian arteries failed. No restenosis of successfully treated arteries was observed during 5 years of follow-up. The authors recommend PTA as the treatment of choice for subclavian steal due to severe stenosis; however, total occlusion requires bypass surgery. PMID- 3159037 TI - Percutaneous angioplasty in clinical management of renovascular hypertension: initial and long-term results. AB - Between January 1980 and July 1983, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was attempted on 137 stenotic renal arteries in 100 patients. At termination of follow-up studies (3-39 months, mean of 16 months), 70% of those treated for hypertension had benefited from the procedure. Stenosis secondary to fibromuscular dysplasia responded better than stenosis from arteriosclerosis (85% and 65% of the patients, respectively). Benefit was minimal for those with stenosis of the renal artery ostium or renal insufficiency. Determining levels of renal vein renin before angioplasty is helpful in selecting patients; following angioplasty, this has considerable significance in predicting the success of the procedure. PMID- 3159038 TI - Fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid artery treated by operative transluminal balloon angioplasty. AB - Operative treatment of critical stenoses of the internal carotid artery secondary to fibromuscular dysplasia has been performed for nearly 2 decades using graduated metal dilators. While percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty of the internal carotid via the femoral artery has several advantages over the operative metal dilator method, cerebral embolization is a matter for concern. The authors have performed operative transluminal balloon angioplasty in such cases, permitting backbleeding with removal of any thrombi or debris. This technique combines the advantages of dilatation by a Gruntzig balloon with post dilatation carotid backbleeding. Five patients have been successfully treated thus far using this technique. PMID- 3159039 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart: a review of the experience in 172 subjects. AB - Gated magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used to evaluate central cardiovascular anatomy in 172 subjects, 31 of whom were healthy volunteers. Using the spin-echo technique, images of diagnostic quality were obtained in 93% of cases with TE = 28 msec and in 65% of cases with TE = 56 msec. Transverse multisection sequences encompassing most of the left ventricle required approximately 6-8 minutes. Corroborative studies were available in 134 of 141 patients who had cardiovascular disease; two dimensional echocardiograms and angiography in 133 and 100 patients, respectively. Gated MR demonstrated the wall thinning and complications caused by prior myocardial infarctions and high signal intensity of the myocardium at the site of acute myocardial infarctions. MR accurately demonstrated anatomic abnormalities owing to hypertrophic and congestive cardiomyopathies, congenital abnormalities of the heart and great vessels, rheumatic heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac and paracardiac masses. Depiction of cardiovascular anatomy and pathoanatomy was attained without the use of any contrast media. Consequently, gated MR is an effective technique for cardiac diagnosis. The short time required for tomographic examination of the entire heart using the multisection technique renders this a practical cardiac imaging modality. PMID- 3159041 TI - Stenotic lesions in dialysis-access fistulas: treatment by transluminal angioplasty using high-pressure balloons. AB - Eighty-four balloon dilatations of dialysis-access fistulas have been performed over a five year period. Fifty-two were done with polyethylene balloons and the last 32 with high-pressure Olbert balloons. Initial success was significantly greater with the high-pressure balloons, but long-term patency rates were similar. Use of high-pressure balloons and long inflation times is the method of choice for dilating venostenotic lesions in access fistulas. PMID- 3159040 TI - Percutaneous catheter balloons: failure to deflate. AB - Three examples of permanently inflated transluminal catheter balloons are presented. Two of these occurred during attempted percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Nonsurgical solutions, which were successful in each case, are described. Percutaneous puncture with a needle or a larger diameter coaxial catheter under fluoroscopic guidance may be useful when this complication occurs during attempted balloon angioplasty or embolization with proximal balloon occlusion in large vessels. PMID- 3159042 TI - Percutaneous aspiration thromboembolectomy. AB - Percutaneous aspiration thromboembolectomy (PAT) was used as an angioplastic tool to remove from arteries of the lower limbs thromboembolitic material originating from any source. PAT was performed with a custom-designed catheter/sheath system, alone or in combination with balloon dilatation and/or local lytic infusion therapy with streptokinase or urokinase. PAT completed the restoration of blood flow, thus improving the results of the preceding angioplastic interventions. Clinical improvement was high, with 93% success (42 of 45 procedures). Only one below-the-knee amputation occurred, and could not be prevented. No patient became worse because of PAT intervention. The Fogarty catheter technique remains the method of choice for removing emboli within the aorto-iliac region, but in the smaller vessels below the inguinal ligament-especially in the distal superficial femoral, popliteal, and tibial regions--in our experience PAT is superior. This has been substantiated also in studies of laboratory animals, using barium impregnated emboli. PMID- 3159043 TI - Expandable intraluminal graft: a preliminary study. Work in progress. AB - To overcome the problem of recurrence of stenosis after vascular balloon dilatations, we developed an expandable, intraluminal graft that allows dilatation of the lesion and simultaneous placement of a supportive endoprosthesis to prevent recoil of the arterial wall. The graft is made of continuous, woven, stainless steel wire. The resulting tubular mesh has a wall thickness of 200-450 micron and 80% open surface. The grafts, mounted on angioplasty catheters, are introduced through 8-12-F Teflon sheaths. Eleven grafts of 6, 8, and 10 mm in diameter by 20 mm long were placed in the aorta, common carotid, superior mesenteric, iliac, and renal arteries of dogs. Six grafts showed no stenosis in follow-up studies of up to 8 weeks. Two grafts had moderate stenosis as a result of neointimal hyperplasia. Two partial and one complete graft thrombosis occurred in nonheparinized animals in which the graft outflow was restricted. Anticoagulant was not used on a long-term basis. Light and electron microscopy studies showed complete covering of the graft's inner surface by endothelium at 3 weeks. PMID- 3159044 TI - Acute epiphyseal osteomyelitis in children. AB - Nine children over 20 months of age had acute osteomyelitis of the epiphysis of a long bone. The clinical features varied, but all of the patients had pain at the infected site and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The distal femur was involved in seven cases, the proximal tibia in two, and the proximal humerus in one. In two patients there was a contiguous metaphyseal lesion, while the other seven patients (eight sites) had lesions limited to the epiphysis. Bone scintigraphy clearly identified the infected sites in all seven patients in whom it was performed, and allowed an early diagnosis in four cases. Radiographs showed a lytic lesion of the epiphysis that corresponded to the scintigraphic findings in all cases. The vascular supply to the epiphysis and the microscopic structure of the epiphyseal venous sinusoids provide locations that favor lodgement of blood-borne organisms. The epiphysis of the child should be recognized as another site of hematogenous osteomyelitis. PMID- 3159045 TI - [Therapeutic management problems in unilateral cataract]. PMID- 3159046 TI - [Pseudovitelliform degeneration]. PMID- 3159048 TI - [Ocular dominance in strabismus]. PMID- 3159047 TI - [Protein indices of the subretinal fluid level in retinal detachment studied to determine the etiology and to establish the diagnostic parameters]. PMID- 3159049 TI - [Problems in the differential diagnosis between idiopathic and symptomatic retinal detachment]. PMID- 3159050 TI - [Efficacy of some new Romanian drugs in treating herpetic keratitis]. PMID- 3159051 TI - [Therapeutic problems in zona ophthalmica]. PMID- 3159052 TI - [Measurement of the ocular hypotonic effect of basal iridencleisis]. PMID- 3159053 TI - [Efficacy of combined biological therapy with bee products in localized palpebral and conjunctival eye lesions with reference to the clinico-functional changes]. PMID- 3159054 TI - [Traumatic retinal detachment]. PMID- 3159055 TI - [Ossification of the vitreous body (2 cases)]. PMID- 3159056 TI - [Chronic T lymphocytosis and neutropenia]. PMID- 3159058 TI - [Laparoscopic manifestations of the gallbladder in hepatobiliary diseases]. PMID- 3159057 TI - [Ventricular depolarization and repolarization in diastolic and mixed overloads of the right ventricle]. PMID- 3159059 TI - Facial surgery and an active modification approach for children with Down syndrome: some psychological and ethical issues. PMID- 3159060 TI - Effect of medroxyprogesterone on ventilatory control and pulmonary gas exchange in chronic obstructive patients. AB - Chronic obstructive hypercapnic patients were monitored for blood gases and breathing pattern, before, during and after a 7-day treatment with 75 mg/day of medroxyprogesterone (MPA). In 9 out of the 15 patients the PaCO2 level decreased (+/- 8 mm Hg) significantly with return to nearly control values at stop. 4 subjects still continued to improve after cessation of therapy and were considered as not being stable. In 2 patients PaCO2 did not change. We were unable to find any significant difference between the control values of these three categories. The study of the breathing pattern in responsive subjects showed an increase in minute ventilation and tidal volume, with a small increase in mean inspiratory flow and no change in inspiratory time as a function of total respiratory cycle time. We conclude that MPA lowers the PaCO2 of hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients through an increased tidal volume, which could result from an increased central nervous inspiratory output, or from better mechanical performance of the respiratory muscles due to the same central stimulation. PMID- 3159061 TI - Effects of position on respiratory muscle function during CO2 rebreathing. AB - The effects of changing from the sitting to supine position on respiratory muscle function was assessed during CO2 rebreathing. Gastric (Pg), pleural (Ppl) and transdiaphragmatic (Pdi) pressures and thoracoabdominal motion were monitored. Diaphragmatic EMG was measured by a bipolar esophageal electrode and quantitated as a moving time average (EMGdi). From sitting to supine, in only 2 of 7 subjects (group A) the diaphragm gained a mechanical advantage as evident by an increased slope of the Pdi versus EMGdi relationship not present in the other 5 subjects (group B). At high levels of ventilation while sitting, only group B increased expiratory abdominal muscle activity leading to a more favorable diaphragm length and a passive descent of the abdomen-diaphragm on inspiration. In the supine position functional residual capacity progressively increased in all subjects and the above abdominal pattern was not seen. We conclude that during upright CO2 rebreathing the recruitment of the expiratory abdominal muscles assists diaphragmatic function by placing the diaphragm in an advantageous pressure generating configuration. PMID- 3159062 TI - Laser treatment of bladder cancer. PMID- 3159063 TI - The postnatal functional development of muscle stretch receptors in the rat. AB - The response to a 5-sec stretch of the triceps muscle was studied in dorsal root filaments L5 of 72 infant rats (1-19 days old) under urethane anesthesia. More than 50% of all units in 1-day-old rats responded by repetitive firing until the end of the 5-sec stretch (slowly adapting or SA receptors), while the rest ceased to fire earlier (relatively rapidly adapting or 1/2 SA receptors), or gave an "on" response only. The number of units exhibiting an SA response increased with age and attained 80% in 5-day-old rats. By the 10th day of life, almost 90% of endings behaved as SA receptors. During development, the maximal discharge frequencies at the peak of stretch increased markedly, and their values in 18-day old rats were comparable to those in adult rats. The phasic component of the response to stretch, although less well defined in the younger animals, was already present even in 1-day-old rats. Adaptation of the static response during maintained stretch was relatively steep in all the age groups studied. The results indicate that, in the rat, large numbers of muscle stretch receptors are capable of responding to sustained stretch as SA receptors, even at an age when their morphological and ultrastructural maturation is not yet fully accomplished. PMID- 3159064 TI - [Norfloxacin sensitivity of bacterial pathogens of urinary tract infections]. PMID- 3159065 TI - [Antisuppressor activity of the synovial fluid and serum of rheumatoid arthritis patients]. PMID- 3159066 TI - [Incidence of rheumatic diseases among adolescents--students of secondary and technical-vocational schools]. PMID- 3159068 TI - When your patient can't talk. PMID- 3159069 TI - [Ischemic cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 3159067 TI - [Antigenic signal to immunocompetent cells]. PMID- 3159070 TI - [Treatment of urinary tract infections]. PMID- 3159071 TI - [Feasibility study of x-ray computed tomography in 100 patients with a sciatica caused by a disk hernia detectable by radiography]. PMID- 3159072 TI - [Functional, social and professional outcome of patients with juvenile chronic arthritis seen again 12 years after a 1st evaluation]. AB - The authors assessed the outcome of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis following an average of 18 years since the onset of the illness. Two-thirds of the patients with the systemic form were asymptomatic. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis which began with pauciarticular involvement and progressed to polyarticular involvement had the most severe disability, affecting 25% of these patients. Social and professional pursuits were most often satisfactory in spite of numerous problems encountered during the school years. PMID- 3159073 TI - Role of sucrose in plaque formation. AB - Results are presented which support the concept that the bacterial enzyme glucosyltransferase (GTF) plays a crucial role in sucrose induced plaque formation. GTF was shown to adhere strongly to anionic, hydrophobic and polysaccharide solid materials, and to be able to produce glucans in the adsorbed state. It appears conceivable that GTF adsorb to teeth and produce glucans. Glucan chains on the surface of the bacteria and glucans on the tooth surfaces interact (pack) and form a strong binding mechanism. The rigid alpha 1,3 linked glucans produced by Streptococcus mutans are particularly suited for interaction of this kind. This mechanism could account for sucrose-induced binding of bacteria to enamel, pellicle covered enamel and preformed plaque. S. mutans would adhere particularly strongly to tooth surfaces in the presence of sucrose, according to this model. PMID- 3159074 TI - Immune phenotype heterogeneity in AML. AB - Blood cells from 46 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia were studied for expression of various surface markers, defined by a panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies and the expression of Fc gamma receptors. Corresponding studies were done on normal bone marrow cells. Antibodies which bound to leukaemic cells in high frequencies were those which most frequently also bound to normal bone marrow cells. Immunophenotypic analysis revealed a marked antigenic heterogeneity in AML, also evident within single FAB subclasses. However, leukaemic cells of FAB subclass M1 significantly more often expressed HLA class I antigen than those of FAB subclass M5a, whereas Fc gamma receptors which were expressed only on a few cells in M5a, were increasingly frequent on leukaemic cells of M1-M2, M4, and M5b leukaemias. The frequency of cells reacting with the monoclonal antibody T50/12,11,2 was related to the complete remission rate of the patients. Patients with high frequencies of cells reacting with this antibody had a better complete remission rate than patients with fewer cells binding to this antibody. The immunophenotypic heterogeneity an AML may reflect a great biological variability of this disease. This variability may be of importance for the classification and treatment of AML. PMID- 3159076 TI - The possible role of class II major histocompatibility complex antigens in self tolerance. PMID- 3159075 TI - Characterization of activities inducing polyclonal maturation of activated B lymphocytes to immunoglobulin secretion. AB - Supernatants from long-term in vitro-propagated helper T-cell clones were analysed for their ability to induce polyclonal maturation of B lymphocytes under conditions that ensured activation and proliferation of the target cells. In gel filtration analysis, three peaks of activity appeared corresponding to molecular weights of about 100 kD, 60 kD, and 30 kD. When the same supernatants were run on sodium dodecyl sulphate gels under reducing conditions, only the last two peaks of activity could be detected. Flat-bed isoelectric focusing gave two peaks of activity corresponding to isoelectric points of pH 5-6 and pH 8-9. These peaks of activity were devoid of any activity supporting proliferation of either T or B cells, and they induced the expression of several heavy-chain isotypes. Furthermore, when the same analysis was performed on the B-cell line WEHI 279.1, only one peak was obtained (molecular weight of about 60 kD; isoelectric point, approximately pH 5-6), a result suggesting alternate pathways of induction of B cells to high-rate secretion cells. PMID- 3159077 TI - Interferon regulation of DR antigen expression and alloantigen-presenting capabilities of the promyelocytic cell line HL60. AB - Our research suggests that interferon may have an immunoregulatory role in the initiation phase of immune responses. Recent evidence has demonstrated that lymphokines regulate monocyte cell surface expression of DR antigens and, consequently, the ability of monocytes to activate T lymphocytes in an antigen specific manner. In this report cloned interferons and a homogeneous cell line were used to demonstrate that interferon possesses these immunoregulatory functions. Cells of the promyelocytic cell line HL60, when incubated in vitro with recombinant gamma (IFN-gamma) and with alpha interferons (IFN-alpha), expressed enhanced levels of DR antigen as determined by both cytotoxicity and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analyses. Lower concentrations of IFN-gamma than IFN-alpha were needed to induce DR expression, and a higher percentage of monocytes were induced to express DR antigen by IFN-gamma than IFN-alpha. HL60 cells preincubated with lymphocyte-derived lymphokines or IFN-alpha also stimulated a significantly better in vitro allogeneic response in the mixed leukocyte reaction than untreated HL60 cells. Thus, interferon both the phenotypic expression of DR antigens of HL60 cells and their functional ability to initiate T-lymphocyte responses to an alloantigen. PMID- 3159079 TI - Wasting of the human quadriceps muscle after knee ligament injuries. PMID- 3159080 TI - The natural history of idiopathic low back pain. A three-year follow-up study of spinal motion, pain and functional capacity. AB - During a three-year follow-up study of 31 chronic idiopathic low back pain patients significant spontaneous improvements of pain and disability scores were found, while range of motion of the lumbar spine decreased. It is argued that increasing stiffness of the low back may be the clinical manifestation of the process of stabilization, that takes place in previously painful instable motion segments. The present findings have also implications for the interpretation of changes of spinal motion. Restriction of range of motion seems to be a normal long-term development in low back pain patients and is accompanied by a diminution of pain and disability. PMID- 3159078 TI - Human epidermal cell-induced generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses against epidermal cells. Requirement for DR-positive Langerhans cells. AB - Human epidermal cells act as stimulators in the mixed-skin cell lymphocyte culture reaction (MSLR). To analyse the generation in MSLR of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in cell-mediated cytolysis of human epidermal cells. a phenomenon suggested by various observations of skin inflammatory processes in vivo, 18-h 51Cr-release assays against epidermal cells cultivated on collagen-coated plates (epidermal cells autologous to the stimulator cells in MSLR) were conducted after allogenic human MSLR. To analyse the role of human Langerhans cells and related epidermal dendritic cells, which are the only cells expressing the DR-Ia-like (class II) antigens in normal epidermis and in suspensions of normal epidermal cells, MSLR and CTL assays were conducted with, as stimulator cells, suspensions of normal human epidermal cells as controls, and, in parallel, suspensions of epidermal cells after preincubation with anti class II monoclonal antibody and complement. The generation of alloreactive CTL to epidermal cells occurred only after allogenic MSLR and when targets and stimulator cells were from the same donor; it was abolished when epidermal cell suspensions used in MSLR were depleted in HLA-DR-expressing cells. These findings demonstrate that an epidermal cell-induced generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity to human epidermal cells may occur in vitro. Langerhans cells and other class II antigen-expressing epidermal cells (dendritic indeterminate cells) are necessary for an optimal in vitro sensitization in MSLR and the subsequent generation of alloreactive CTL towards epidermal cells in man. PMID- 3159081 TI - Intra-abdominal pressure and trunk muscle activity during lifting. III. Effect of abdominal muscle training in chronic low-back patients. AB - Isometric training of the abdominal muscles is often recommended in programs of primary or secondary prevention for low-back pain. In this study 20 male workers with 2-18 years' history (average 5 1/2 years) of low-back pain without sciatica went through intense isometric abdominal muscle training for 5 weeks. Before and after training the subjects had trunk flexion and extension strength tests and a series of standardized lifts. The intraabdominal pressure (IAP) and the EMG activity of the oblique abdominal muscles, and of the erector spinae muscle were recorded. It was found that: the strength of the abdominal muscles increased; the increased strength was correlated to an improved recruitment of motor units in the oblique abdominal muscles; the EMG activity of the oblique abdominal muscles when lifting decreased after training, i.e. the acquired ability to recruit more motor units was not made use of; the IAP at lifting was generally not affected. A better knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for the IAP in different situations is needed to support advice on training or other prevention. PMID- 3159082 TI - Intra-abdominal pressure and trunk muscle activity during lifting. IV. The causal factors of the intra-abdominal pressure rise. AB - The intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) has been regarded as important for stabilization and relief of the lumbar spine when exposed to heavy loads, such as when lifting. Previous trials, however, have failed to increase the IAP by abdominal muscle training. Twenty healthy subjects, 20 low-back patients and 10 weight-lifters, were tested with various breathing techniques in order to elucidate the causal factors of the IAP rise during lifting and the effects respiration. Those with high IAP and low IAP as well as those with great variations in IAP underwent an extended program. The intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressures and the EMG of the oblique abdominal, the erector spinae and--in some cases--the puborectalis muscles, were recorded. The transdiaphragmatic pressure was calculated both during lifting and during the Mueller manoeuvre. The IAP rise during lifting seems to be correlated to a good coordination between the muscles surrounding the abdominal cavity. Of these, the diaphragm seems to be the most important for the IAP level. Closure of the glottis seems to help the diaphragm to maintain the IAP rise, otherwise the respiration type seems to be less important for the IAP during lifting. PMID- 3159083 TI - Intra-abdominal pressure and trunk muscle activity during lifting. II. Chronic low-back patients. AB - The aim of this study was to compare trunk muscle strength and intra-abdominal pressure during lifting in low-back patients and in healthy controls. Twenty male workers with 2-18 year history (median 5.5 years) of low-back pain went through strength tests of trunk flexion and extension and a series of standardized lifts. The intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and the EMG activity of the oblique abdominal muscles and of the erector spinae muscles were recorded. The results were compared with those in 20 healthy men exposed to similar loads at work and at leisure. The low-back patients had reduced abdominal muscle strength (-25%) compared with the healthy controls. The IAP during lifting was the same in the two groups despite the difference in abdominal muscle strength. The trunk extension strength was the same in the two groups. The oblique abdominal muscles were only moderately activated during lifting (5-15% of maximum activity with 25 kg) both in low-back patients and in healthy controls. The erector spinae muscle was strongly activated during lifting (40-60% of maximum activity with 25 kg) both in low-back patients and in healthy controls. During backlifting the duration of erector spinae activity varied. Back patients had extended activity compared with the healthy controls. Stiffness seemed to affect the duration of activity in both groups. The oblique abdominal muscles seem to be of no decisive importance to the IAP. PMID- 3159084 TI - [Analysis of T-cell subpopulations. Pathophysiological concept and significance for clinical medicine]. AB - Two T-lymphocyte subsets develop in the thymus which differ in the expression of glycoproteins on their cell surface. About 60% of the circulating T cells express the glycoprotein T4, while about 30% have the glycoprotein T8. T4 and T8 cells can be determined in the peripheral blood or various organs with monoclonal antibodies. T4 and T8 cells differ in their antigen recognition, have different functions, and can cause various pathohistological changes. T4 cells recognize the antigen in association with the HLA-D/DR/DP determinants. Upon antigenic stimulation they liberate various factors and initiate and amplify an immune response (T4 = helper/inducer T-cells). They can also be cytotoxic and are mediating effector functions via macrophage activation. T8 cells recognize the antigen in association with HLA-A/B/C determinants. They exert their cytotoxic or suppressive effector functions mainly in viral infections. The T4 or T8 cell mediated pathohistological changes are discussed in the light of the well studied T-cell infiltrations in lepra lepromatosa or lepra tuberculosa. The T4/T8 cell dyscrasia in the peripheral blood, described in a variety of infectious, autoimmune or immunodeficiency diseases, may be due to enhanced proliferation, selective sequestration, reduced production or the elimination of a subset. T cell subset analysis in joints, bronchial lavages and tissues has clarified the pathomechanism in a variety of autoimmune diseases, although the etiology remains obscure. For example, in rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and sarcoidosis, a T4 cell-mediated reaction with macrophage activation can be found. T4/T8 cell analysis may also be of value in dissecting heterogenous diseases, e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus. Of value is also the additional demonstration of membrane components reflecting T-cell activation (IL-2 receptor or DR-antigen expression) which serves to identify the activated T-cell subset in peripheral blood. Finally, T4/T8 cell analysis can be helpful in deciding treatment, as the T-cell subsets have a different sensitivity to immunosuppressive drugs. PMID- 3159085 TI - Molecular polarity in DNA-protein recognition--the case of lambda-repressor operator system. AB - The charge distribution of lambda-repressor suggests that the molecular electrostatic polarity may accelerate the non-specific binding of the protein to the DNA molecule. The repressor molecule has a patch of positive charge within the first 26 residues which may contribute a non-specific binding surface. In addition, electrostatics may play an important role and account for why proteins form and use dimers in many specific DNA-protein recognition processes. PMID- 3159086 TI - Establishment and characterization of human malignant pleural mesothelioma cell line SMC-1. AB - A cell line (SMC-1) has been established from the resected tissue of a patient with malignant pleural mesothelioma which has been pathologically confirmed to be the mixed type. The cell line is characterized by the pleomorphy and multilayered growth of the cells with the population-doubling time of approximately 32 h, the highest mitotic index of 46--50% and the modal chromosome number of 69-70. Transplantation of the cells into the animals can produce tumors bearing histological resemblance to the original material. The cultured cells, xenografted tumor cells and the cells from the host specimen show similar histochemical expressions. These data meet the requirements of a human malignant pleural mesothelioma cell line. The establishment of this cell line will serve as a useful tool in clinical research of diagnosis and treatment of this devastating disease. PMID- 3159087 TI - A case of deep venous thrombosis. PMID- 3159088 TI - More progress in messenger RNA splicing. PMID- 3159089 TI - Isolation of T-cell tropic HTLV-III-like retrovirus from macaques. AB - The isolation of a T-cell tropic retrovirus from three immunodeficient macaques and one macaque with lymphoma is described. The morphology, growth characteristics, and antigenic properties of this virus indicate that it is related to the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome in humans (HTLV-III or LAV). This virus is referred to as simian T-lymphotropic virus type III (STLV-III) of macaques. The existence of a cytopathic, T-cell tropic virus resembling HTLV-III in monkeys may facilitate study of disease induction and vaccine development in an animal model. PMID- 3159091 TI - Biochemistry of alpha granule proteins. PMID- 3159092 TI - [Dental treatment for the children in Nagasaki]. PMID- 3159093 TI - Perceptions of disability of persons with cerebral palsy, their close relatives and able bodied persons. AB - The insider-outsider view of disability is applied to the perception of problems associated with cerebral palsy. Twenty-five persons with cerebral palsy, 22 close relatives and 70 able bodied members of the public were asked to rate the severity of 48 problems likely to confront a cerebral palsied adult between the ages of 18 and 35 years. Results, analysed using the Kruskall-Wallis analysis of variance, provided support for predictions that persons with cerebral palsy would perceive problems as being less severe than would their relatives or able bodied persons. Two explanations are preferred for emerging differences: the greater optimism of the disabled sample can be interpreted as support for the 'insider' concept but could also reflect expectations and standards at variance with those of other groups sampled in the study. Qualified support was received for the third prediction that relatives would perceive problems as less severe than would able bodied persons. Relatives tended to emphasize problems associated with everyday management of the disability, restrictions in functioning and concern about the future, whilst 'outsiders' emphasized psychological problems and areas of personal interaction. The latter also seemed aware of their attitudes as a source of handicap for the disabled. It was concluded that greater interaction between disabled and able bodied people could bring into closer harmony their views of life with a disability. However evidence suggests that levels of contact between the two are still relatively low. PMID- 3159090 TI - Phosphate release and force generation in skeletal muscle fibers. AB - Rapid laser pulse-induced photolysis of an adenosine triphosphate precursor in muscle fibers abruptly initiated cycling of the cross-bridges. The accompanying changes in tension and stiffness were related to elementary mechanochemical events of the energy-transducing mechanism. When inorganic phosphate was present at millimolar concentrations during liberation of adenosine triphosphate in the absence of calcium, relaxation was accelerated. Steady active tension in the presence of calcium was decreased but the approach to final tension was more rapid. These results suggest that, during energy transduction, formation of the dominant force-generating cross-bridge state is coupled to release of inorganic phosphate in a reaction that is readily reversible. PMID- 3159094 TI - Mexican-American, black-American and white-American differences in reporting illnesses, disability and physician visits for illnesses. AB - This paper presents data on the reporting of illnesses, disability due to illnesses and the decision to seek medical attention for illnesses among a representative sample of Mexican-Americans, Black-Americans and White-Americans in Los Angeles. Few differences were observed among these groups with respect to the reporting of illnesses, disability due to illnesses or in the frequency with which illnesses were brought to medical attention. Hierarchical stepwise multiple regressions were run for each of these variables within each of these subgroups. Some differences were found among these groups in the variables that predicted illness reporting, disability and the use of physician services for illnesses. These differences indicate that ethnicity affects health behavior through its interaction with other variables. Speculations are offered regarding the meaning and historical sources of the differences observed. PMID- 3159096 TI - Handicapped individuals in Kuwait. AB - A large-scale community screening study is proposed for Kuwait, using a schedule based on the 1980 WHO Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps. The needs for accurate prevalence data are reviewed from the standpoints of establishing aetiological patterns, pinpointing opportunities for prevention and furnishing a sound basis for planning in a country with a rapidly growing population and still-developing network of care services. A permanent mechanism for monitoring prevalence trends and service needs is proposed in the form of a Multidisciplinary Handicap Register. Details of these proposals and their feasibility are discussed in the light of previous work. PMID- 3159095 TI - A point prevalence study of alcoholism and mental illness among downtown migrants. AB - Since the 1960s the bulk of America's mentally ill have been deinstitutionalized to the community. A number of these people now live in the downtown areas of large cities in close association with the established vagrant culture which includes a significant portion of alcohol abusers. The bizarre and impoverished nature of the lives of these formerly institutionalized mentally ill citizens, coupled with their propinquity to government and business establishments, creates a social policy dilemma. A point prevalence study design was used to ascertain the demographic, physical, mental illness and alcohol abuse characteristics of a sample of a vagrant population which inhabits the downtown area of an American Northwest urban community. Analysis of the data of a sample of vagrants who frequent an emergency shelter and a single residence occupancy hotel demonstrated that the two groups were similar. Participants were predominantly male, white and in their mid thirties. Forty percent had never married and over 50% were high school educated and possess labor skills. Grouped data indicates that, in view of the dearth of literature describing the relationship of mentally illness and alcohol abuse, the psychiatric and alcohol use behavior of deinstitutionalized populations requires further study. PMID- 3159097 TI - [Mycoses of the nails (onychomycoses)]. PMID- 3159098 TI - Spinal tuberculosis revisited. AB - Although the incidence of tuberculosis is decreasing, spinal tuberculosis is still an important disease. Delay in diagnosis and treatment results in long-term disability. We reviewed our cases of spinal tuberculosis diagnosed between 1975 and 1982, with special reference to those features that permit early diagnosis. Among the nine cases diagnosed, roentgenographic evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (7/9) and positive PPD test (8/8) were found to be highly suggestive diagnostic clues. Computerized tomography (CT) of the spine was a useful way of determining the extent of the disease and following response to therapy. Various modes of therapy were used, and the outcome was related to the extent of the disease and duration of symptoms before initiation of therapy. In early stages, medical therapy alone is adequate; surgical intervention is necessary in cases with neurologic features. PMID- 3159099 TI - [Main results of the activities of the Kirov Leningrad Institute for Advanced Training of Physicians (on the centenary of its founding)]. PMID- 3159100 TI - [Development of preventive services in Soviet obstetrics]. PMID- 3159101 TI - Long-term anatomic and functional changes in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated with the Milwaukee brace. AB - Ninety-five patients from the Gothenburg Scoliosis Data Base were studied. They met the following criteria: adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, completion of Milwaukee brace treatment before age 20, a minimum follow-up period of 5 years thereafter, minimum age of 22 years at final follow-up examination. Of these, 85 (90%) were examined personally by an independent investigator, including anteroposterior and lateral full-length spinal roentgenograms. The average length of follow-up was 7.5 years (range, 5-12 yrs). These patients who successfully completed the brace treatment program, in their mid-twenties ended up with curves that were of equal size (33 degrees +/- 3 degrees) as when the treatment started (30 degrees +/- 3 degrees). In the sagittal plane, the spines were normal; none exhibited hypokyphosis (less than 20 degrees). Compared with the straight control group and to a previously reported group of operated patients, the brace group functioned at the same level in regard to marriage, child bearing, sports activities, and job performance. Overall back pain was also reported at a normal rate, with low-back pain significantly less frequent than the control group. Ten patients showed an increase of their curves exceeding 5 degrees; eight of these had been pregnant multiple times before age 25. None of the patients pregnant after that age increased their curve size. This study demonstrates that those patients who complete a Milwaukee brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis from a functional and social point of view do very well. Early pregnancy is a significant risk factor for progression after maturity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159102 TI - Acute traumatic intraosseous disc herniation. AB - The clinical, radiologic, and discographic findings are reviewed in eight patients with acute traumatic intraosseous disc herniation. The syndrome should be considered in adolescent patients having severe back pain with limited radiation to the upper thigh, following significant compression/flexion stress to the spine. The intraosseous disc herniation can be confirmed by discography and reproduction of symptoms during the procedure is a helpful confirmatory feature. The radiologic natural history of the lesion is presented, and the role of bone scintigraphy is discussed. This type of injury may be responsible for considerable pain and disability in the adolescent age group and has proved extremely difficult to manage except by conservative treatment and analgesics. PMID- 3159103 TI - The effect of low-back pain on lumbar spinal movements measured by three dimensional X-ray analysis. AB - Back pain patients have restricted spinal movements, and the pattern of disturbance from normal movements may indicate the pathology and the functioning of the lumbar spine. Biplanar radiography was used to measure the three dimensional intervertebral movements of patients with back pain alone and with back pain plus nerve tension signs demonstrated by restricted straight leg raise. Statistically significant decreases in flexion/extension compared with a normal control group were demonstrated for both groups. Accompanying coupled movements were increased only in those patients without nerve tension signs indicating asymmetrical muscle action, while those with tension signs had symmetric splinting particularly of the lower levels. Conservative treatments had no effect either clinically or on the movements. Caudal epidural injections produced clinical improvement and increased movements demonstrating relaxation of muscle splinting. Biplanar radiography, although capable of differentiating between the groups was not able to provide clinically useful information concerning individual patients with this type of back pain. PMID- 3159104 TI - The lumbar lordosis in acute and chronic low-back pain. AB - To evaluate a possible relationship between the amount of lumbar lordosis in asymptomatic as well as subjects with acute and chronic low-back pain, the amount of lordosis was determined from spinal roentgenograms of 600 men between 20 and 63 years of age. The angle between a line parallel to the cranial end-plate of L1 and S1 was defined as the lordosis angle. The amount of lordosis was distributed similarly according to age within each of the three groups and was also similar in comparisons between the groups. The men were randomly selected to represent three different groups. Each group included 200 age-matched subjects with similar occupation. The first group consisted of men claiming no previous back-pain history who underwent spinal x-ray as a part of a preemployment examination. The second group consisted of men who had a spinal x-ray examination after claiming their first low-back injury, but not preemployment screening. The third group consisted of x-ray examination of men evaluated for chronic low back disability. The findings thus indicated that the distribution and range of lordosis as viewed by clinicians and radiologists does not vary in the acute or with chronic low back pain, more than in men without back pain of the same age. PMID- 3159106 TI - Allopurinol hypersensitivity. A case report. AB - The allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome is a rare adverse drug reaction. It usually occurs in patients with impaired renal function or when allopurinol is prescribed with a thiazide diuretic. The recognition of the characteristic features of the syndrome is vital since early aggressive therapy is indicated. A case of allopurinol hypersensitivity, possibly the first in a black African, is reported. PMID- 3159105 TI - The bone mineral content of the lumbar spine in patients with chronic low-back pain. AB - The bone mineral content (BMC) of the third lumbar vertebra was determined in 43 patients with chronic low-back pain. No correlation was found to sex, height, pain experience, functional disability, or alcohol consumption. A positive correlation was found between the BMC and body weight and between the BMC and smoking in men (but not in women). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the BMC and the overall duration of the back problem, ie, the longer duration the lower the BMC. PMID- 3159107 TI - Clinical experience with a new formulation of Midazolam--10mgs in 5ml solution. PMID- 3159108 TI - Postmeningococcal urethritis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis: a case report. AB - The authors describe a case of meningococcal urethritis that was followed, after treatment with spectinomycin, by development of urethritis due to Chlamydia trachomatis. This case report emphasizes the need for thorough differentiation of species of Neisseria and of direct microbiologic diagnosis of chlamydial infection in laboratories. PMID- 3159109 TI - [Monocyte function in patients with lymphomas]. PMID- 3159110 TI - Dentists reported willingness to treat disabled patients. PMID- 3159111 TI - Dental treatment for developmentally disabled patients. PMID- 3159112 TI - Prevalent medical and dental conditions among the handicapped. PMID- 3159113 TI - Pretreatment for the cardiovascularly compromised geriatric dental patient. PMID- 3159114 TI - A dental care system for patients with developmental disabilities. PMID- 3159115 TI - Improved access to nonambulatory dental patients using extension tubing. PMID- 3159116 TI - Thrombolytic therapy for delayed occlusion of knitted Dacron bypass grafts in the axillofemoral, femoropopliteal and femorotibial positions. AB - Selective intra-arterial streptokinase therapy successfully reopened ten axillofemoral and lower extremity Dacron bypass grafts that had undergone delayed closure from two to 47 months after implantation. In four, completion arteriograms revealed no runoff obstruction acquired since implantation; additional runoff obstruction had developed in the remaining six. All of the grafts without obstruction have remained open from two to 11 months. Three of the six grafts with obstruction have remained open from two and one-half to four months after specific surgical correction of the obstructive lesion. We conclude that intra-arterial streptokinase therapy is an effective means to reopen knitted Dacron grafts that have undergone delayed closure in the axillofemoral and above knee femoropopliteal positions. PMID- 3159117 TI - Postburn immunosuppression in an animal model. III. Maintenance of normal splenic helper and suppressor lymphocyte subpopulations by immunomodulating drugs. AB - Delineation of lymphocyte subpopulations by labeling cells with specific monoclonal antibody now appears to be a reliable means of measuring cellular immunity in various disease states. We determined splenic helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocyte populations in mice given a 20% to 25% body surface area steam burn injury. The lymphocyte helper: suppressor ratio fell from 3.13 +/- 0.06 in control mice to 1.77 +/- 0.04 in burned animals (p less than 0.0005) 14 days after burn. Immediate postburn eschar removal resulted in improvement in the ratio 14 days later (2.66 +/- 0.14) although not in restoration to normal levels. Postburn treatment of burned mice with intraperitoneal cimetidine, ibuprofen, indomethacin, cyclophosphamide, and topically applied cerium nitrate resulted in substantial restoration of the lymphocyte ratio toward normal values; in animals treated with cimetidine and ibuprofen the resultant lymphocyte ratio was not statistically different from that in control (unburned) mice. These drugs probably inhibit suppressor cell populations or suppress the immunosuppressive effect of toxic materials in the burn wound. Specific pharmacologic therapy improves immune function in burned mice and may result in increased resistance to infection. PMID- 3159119 TI - [Anaphylactic shock]. PMID- 3159118 TI - Dental health and dental care in severely mentally retarded children. AB - Dental health of 103 children with severe mental retardation living in the north of Sweden, has been surveyed and compared with that of a control group of healthy children of normal intelligence. Data has been related to medical diagnosis, medication, type of residence and previous dental care. The children with severe mental retardation had been offered dental care to the same extent as the control children. Lack of cooperation in treatment and treatment under general anaesthesia was common among the SMR-children. The SMR-children who lived in institutions had a lower prevalence of caries than either those SMR-children not living in institutions or the control group. The SMR-children had a considerably higher frequency of inflamed gingival surfaces and pathological gingival pockets than the control children. The highest frequency was found among children with Down's syndrome. Gingival hyperplasias were recorded in 21% of the SMR-children. The study showed that the children with SMR had shared the generally improved dental care resources and that regular dental care had ensured that there was no neglected need for caries treatment. Periodontal health was poor and the need for stronger and appropriate preventive measures against gingivitis and periodontitis was considerable. PMID- 3159120 TI - [Molecular and cellular mechanisms of compensation for respiratory failure in nonspecific lung diseases]. AB - Some molecular and cellular mechanisms of compensation for respiratory failure (RF) were examined in 90 patients with nonspecific pulmonary diseases. In acute RF, the content of 2,3-DPH in red blood cells was increased. As RF progressed, the compensatory-adaptation reaction became less marked. In chronic RF, the 2,3 DPH content in red blood cells did not differ from the control values. The disease was characterized by cholesterol a and sphingomyelin accumulation, a reduction in red blood cell ATPase activity, and an increase in microviscosity of red blood cell membranes. Decelerated utilization of ATPases in red blood cells is of a role in the genesis of a rise of the 2,3-DPH content in acute RF. PMID- 3159122 TI - [Rehabilitation goals in chronic bronchopulmonary diseases]. PMID- 3159121 TI - [Immunological deficiency in respiratory diseases (diagnostic, pathogenetic and treatment problems)]. PMID- 3159123 TI - [Clinical use of Berodual for treating the bronchospastic syndrome]. PMID- 3159125 TI - Workers' compensation--payment for fees under the law. PMID- 3159124 TI - [Health resort therapy of chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 3159126 TI - A method of testing platelet aggregation in native whole blood. AB - A method of testing collagen induced platelet aggregation and ATP release in native (= non anticoagulated) whole blood by monitoring the electrical impedance in the Chrono Log Whole Blood Aggregometer is reported. It is the first simple method by which aggregation of human platelets can be measured in their natural environment. In normal individuals lower threshold collagen concentrations could induce platelet aggregation as determined with this method than in the other tested methods (impedance method with citrated blood, optical method in platelet rich plasma). The aggregation response was not inhibited by hirudin or heparin in therapeutic dose. The luminescence channel of the Whole Blood Aggregometer permits measurements of ATP release in native whole blood. PMID- 3159127 TI - Serotonin-induced platelet aggregation in whole blood and the effects of ketanserin and mepyramine. PMID- 3159128 TI - The effect of prenatal chlordane exposure on the delayed hypersensitivity response of BALB/c mice. AB - Previous studies in our laboratory have indicated that in utero chlordane exposure caused a significant enhancement in the survival of the offspring to influenza virus infection. Further studies, reported here, show that the non specific delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to oxazolone at 100 days of age, but not at 30 days of age, was significantly depressed. In contrast, the Con A-induced blastogenic response of spleen cells from chlordane-treated offspring was not depressed and was, in fact, significantly enhanced. However, neither the response to PHA nor to LPS mitogens was significantly altered. In utero exposure to chlordane significantly depressed the mixed lymphocyte reactivity (MLR) of spleen cells from male offspring, whereas females showed no significant alteration of MLR. The significant depression of the DTH and MLR responses supports our previous reports of enhanced survival of influenza virus infection following in utero exposure to chlordane, since active DTH contributes to the pathology of influenza virus infection in mice. The normal or enhanced T-cell mitogen response suggested that the chlordane-induced depression of DTH and MLR was not due to overt toxicity to T-cells. PMID- 3159129 TI - Inhibition of mouse liver alcohol dehydrogenase by methyl N-butyl ketone. AB - Methyl N-butyl ketone (MNBK) inhibited the activity of mouse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH) in vitro. Ethanol elimination was reduced in MNBK-treated mice as compared to controls. Ethanol-induced induced loss of righting reflex was significantly prolonged in mice pretreated with MNBK. PMID- 3159131 TI - The role of venous digital subtraction angiography of the carotid bifurcation in the evaluation of patients with reversible ischemic attacks or stroke. AB - The diagnostic value of venous digital subtraction angiography (VDSA) was evaluated in 168 consecutive patients with suspected or known atherosclerotic lesions of the internal carotid artery. The VDSA findings were correlated with that of arterial angiography (AA) in 50 patients, yielding a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 93% and an accuracy of 89%. Correlation of the results of Doppler with that of AA and VDSA provided support for the reliability of VDSA. Clinical data relevant to the selection of angiographic technique was collected, comparing patients who underwent only VDSA, only AA and VDSA followed by AA. The conclusions of our study are: If the image quality is good a normal VDSA practically excludes the presence of surgical lesions in the internal carotid artery and obviates the need for AA. The presence of therapeutically relevant obstructive disease is reliably detected by VDSA, but the degree of obstruction cannot be determined accurately enough to proceed with cerebrovascular surgery without AA. Patients with ischemic events in the carotid territory who are potential candidates for surgery should undergo VDSA when the non-invasive tests are normal and AA when these tests indicate the presence of a stenosis or occlusion. PMID- 3159130 TI - Delayed cerebral ischemia following arteriography. AB - Cerebral ischemic events associated with arteriography are usually attributed to catheter-induced emboli. We present three patients with cerebral ischemia occurring 6 to 48 hours post-arteriography. We suspected that alternate pathogenic mechanisms were in effect. To evaluate the possibility that sustained platelet activation occurs in association with arteriography, we measured the platelet-specific protein beta thromboglobulin (BTG) prior to and 24 hours following arteriography in two groups of patients. Group I had arteriography performed shortly after venipuncture, while Group II patients did not have arteriography between samples. Seven of eight Group I patients had an increase of BTG on day two, compared with two of eight group II patients (p less than 05). When compared to Group II changes, Group I had a significant increase of BTG on day two (p less than .05). We conclude that cerebral ischemic events associated with arteriography may occur on a delayed basis, and that platelet activation, manifested by increased BTG levels, may be one mechanism contributing to this phenomenon. PMID- 3159132 TI - Specific IgE response in dracunculiasis. PMID- 3159133 TI - Extended storage of platelets in a new plastic container. II. In vivo response to infusion of platelets stored for 5 days. AB - A new blood container material (PL 1240 plastic) made of polyvinyl chloride containing a tri(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate plasticizer was evaluated in three laboratories. When platelet concentrates (50-60 ml) were stored on a variety of agitators for 7 days at 22 +/- 2 degrees C, poststorage pH (mean +/- SD) ranged from 7.29 +/- 0.05 (6 rpm elliptical rotator) to 6.87 +/- 0.8 (70 cycles per minute flatbed agitator). The platelet counts ranged from 1.51 +/- 0.12 to 0.95 +/- 0.36 X 10(6) per microliter. Morphology scores and hypotonic shock response values of platelets stored 7 days in PL 1240 plastic containers were better than those noted following 3-day storage of control platelets in PL 146 plastic containers. The percent discharge of lactic dehydrogenase from platelets stored 7 days in PL 1240 plastic containers for 3 days (p less than 0.05). Mean platelet recoveries of 44 +/- 15 percent (n = 11; 111Indium) and 39 +/- 8 percent (n = 29; 51Chromium) were seen when autologous platelets were infused following 5-day storage in PL 1240 plastic bags. Platelet half-lives of 3.6 +/- 0.4 (n = 9) 4.1 +/- 0.4 (n = 20) days were reported in the two laboratories which used 51Cr labeling, while survival values of 7.0 +/- 1.0, 2.8 +/- 0.8, and 5.4 +/- 1.9 days were seen when data from the 111Indium studies (n = 11) were analyzed using linear, exponential, and multiple hit programs, respectively. Platelets stored for 5 days also were administered to 13 thrombocytopenic oncology patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159134 TI - Posttransfusion purpura. Report of a case with anti-P1A1 masked by HLA antibodies. AB - A case of posttransfusion purpura is reported in which the laboratory determination of the specificity of the causative antibody was initially confused by the presence in the patient's serum of HLA-directed antibodies. The patient was a multiparous 65-year-old woman with a previous history of blood transfusion. She developed the typical clinical features of posttransfusion purpura 8 days following the transfusion of 6 units of packed red cells. The patient was P1A1 negative, and her serum reacted strongly in a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody assay with both P1A1-positive and -negative platelets. Radioimmunoprecipitation demonstrated that the patient's serum contained antibodies both of anti-P1A1 and anti-HLA specificity. Western blotting of normal platelets incubated with the patient's serum verified that the anti-P1A1 antibody was directed against platelet membrane glycoprotein III. PMID- 3159136 TI - A novel cell type carrying both Th and Tc/s markers in the blood of cyclosporine treated, allografted rats. AB - During treatment of heart-grafted rats with cyclosporine, an unusual large lymphocyte appears in the blood. These cells constitute up to 40% of the peripheral blood leukocyte population and carry both the T helper/DTH and T cytotoxic/suppressor differentiation antigens. They require both the allograft and CsA for their generation and are not recently thymus-derived. They gradually disappear after stopping CsA treatment, although the treated rats remain tolerant of the graft. PMID- 3159135 TI - Molecular aspects of human T lymphocyte antigen recognition. PMID- 3159138 TI - [Effect of metabolic inhibitors on formed novocaine and neutral red segregation zones in frog erythrocytes]. AB - Effects of some metabolic inhibitors, as well as of biologically active compounds (diakarb, ethidium bromide and a phenanthridine alkaloid sanguinarine) on the formed novocaine and neutral red segregation zones were studied. The volume of granules diminished under the influence of a glycolytic inhibitor iodoacetate, uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation (2,4-dinitrophenol and carbonyl cyanide trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrozone), and respiratory inhibitors (antimycin A and rotenone), as well as under the influence of cycloheximide - an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Diakarb, ethidium bromide or sanguinarine also provoked a regression of the segregation zones. It has been found that all these compounds are inhibitors of ATPase activity of the isolated segregation zones. A possible mechanism of volume decreasing in segregation zones under the influence of both the metabolic inhibitors and diakarb, ethidium bromide and sanguinarine is discussed. PMID- 3159140 TI - [Systemic contact eczema--the baboon syndrome--in ampicillin allergy]. PMID- 3159137 TI - [Statistics on familial longevity in different regions of the USSR]. AB - The genealogical method was used to study family longevity among 416 individuals at the age of 80-121 and older in the Ukrainian SSR, Abkhazian ASSR and Azerbaijan SSR. The rate of family longevity and total index of family longevity increase with the age of individuals examined. These indices are higher in most cases in men than in women. PMID- 3159141 TI - [Fetal ascites]. PMID- 3159139 TI - [Current views on structure and function of alpha2-antiplasmin]. AB - Data available in literature on basic, primary, rapidly acting alpha 2 antiplasmin (a plasmin inhibitor) are generalized. Methods of its isolation from human blood plasma, properties, structure, kinetics of interaction with plasmin as well as the key role in the fibrinolysis regulation are considered. PMID- 3159142 TI - [A method of reconstructing the Filatov pedicle]. AB - The author proposes an original method for reconstruction of the Filatov pedicle after its partial necrosis at the expense of cutting an additional flap and suturing it with the greater remnant of the healthy primary Filatov pedicle. PMID- 3159143 TI - [A new method of laparoscopic cholecystostomy]. AB - A new technique of laparoscopic cholecystostomy is based on a puncture of a polychlorvinyl catheter with trocar and a pneumatic cuff on the catheter end into the gall bladder under laparoscopic control. The technique was used in 13 patients. This technique of laparoscopic cholecystostomy is simple and safe, gives a reliable decompression of bile ducts and has no anesthesiological and surgical risk. PMID- 3159144 TI - [Surgical treatment of large and giant postoperative ventral hernias]. AB - On the basis of the experience with the treatment of 121 patients the author describes the method of preoperative preparation of patients with postoperative hernias of the abdomen, specific features of the operative treatment which allowed to reduce postoperative lethality. PMID- 3159146 TI - Identification and characteristics of staphylococci isolated from lesions and normal skin of horses. AB - One hundred and twenty eight strains of Staphylococcus from lesions, mostly of the skin, in horses were identified and compared with 29 strains isolated from the healthy skin. The pathogenic species Staphylococcus aureus, S. intermedius and S. hyicus were found almost exclusively in lesions. Other species such as S. xylosus and S. sciuri were more frequently found on the healthy skin than in lesions. The S. aureus strains formed a very heterogeneous collection. Many of these strains were staphylokinase positive and rapidly coagulated bovine plasma. Such strains are rarely found in other animals and man. PMID- 3159145 TI - Efficacy of ivermectin against Dictyocaulus arnfieldi in ponies. AB - The efficacy of orally administered ivermectin against induced Dictyocaulus arnfieldi infection was evaluated in a controlled study comprising 12 yearling ponies. Treatment with ivermectin paste, at a dose rate of 200 micrograms/kg bodyweight orally once, was 100 per cent effective against both adult and immature or inhibited stages of the horse lungworm. Similar control of second and third instars of Gastrophilus intestinalis was observed and no nematode eggs were present in faeces from seven to 15 days after treatment when the study was terminated. PMID- 3159147 TI - Canine dendritic cells from peripheral blood and lymph nodes. AB - Canine dendritic cells were prepared from peripheral blood or lymph nodes using a series of steps including fractionation on bovine plasma albumin (BPA), irradiation with 4000 R, incubation for 16-18 hours, and refractionation on BPA. Dendritic cells were recovered in the low density (LD) fraction containing approximately 0.6% of the unfractionated cells. Measured by the incorporation of 3H-thymidine, the response of the high density (HD) cells to neuraminidase galactose oxidase (NGO) was lower than that of the unfractionated lymph node cells (LNC) but increased in a concentration dependent manner after the addition of a population of cells enriched for dendritic cells (30-70% by morphologic criteria). Cooperation between HD- and LD- cells was not restricted to identity of the major histocompatibility complex. Canine dendritic cells also displayed stimulatory activity higher than unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in a one way mixed leukocyte culture (MLC). Canine dendritic cells were nonadherent to plastic, were of low density, and remained viable and functional after irradiation. For the first time, canine dendritic cells have been identified in peripheral blood and lymph nodes and have been shown to act as accessory cells in the response of lymphocytes to NGO and as stimulator cells in a MLC. PMID- 3159149 TI - [Toxicological characteristics of dioxin in brief]. PMID- 3159148 TI - Organisation of experimental thrombosis by blood cells. Evidence of the transformation of mononuclear cells into myofibroblasts and endothelial cells. AB - To clarify whether thrombus organisation was carried out by local cell activity or by elements of the circulating blood we developed an artificial prosthesis, made of an impermeable polyurethane material with an athrombogenic surface but with a central part consisting of a DACRON velour ring which was thrombogenic. We implanted these devices into the aorta of 10 sheep. In these animals, organisation of the central thrombus by local aortic cells could be excluded. After varying periods of time (2-84 days), the device was removed and the organized thrombus investigated by light and electron microscopy. From our investigations the organisation process with the development of mesenchymal cellular elements proceeded in 3 steps: The activation of the mononuclear macrophage system, the appearance of myofibroblastic cells and endothelial formation. The activation of the mononuclear macrophage system is probably induced by chemospecific products of metabolism arising from aging thrombotic material. Apart from mononuclear elements such as monocytes, macrophages, and giant cells we observed fibroblast-like and myofibroblast-like cells. The matrix contained collagen. Endothelium developed on the surface of the organizing thrombus. The final stage was characterized by the formation of a pseudovessel wall, which followed the pattern of the vascular model. Our findings support the hypothesis that a thrombus may be organized by cells derived from the circulating blood. PMID- 3159150 TI - [Micromodification of the determination of the ATPase activity of tissues and their biostructures by using malachite green]. AB - A modified procedure for microestimation of the ATPase activity in tissues and their biostructures is described. Inorganic phosphate liberated during hydrolysis of ATP was determined using a set of reagents involving ammonium molybdate and malachite green. Biological samples containing small amount of material (by weight and volume) were analyzed by means of the procedure, which proved to be economical, reproducible and rapid. Results of the ATPase activity estimation in heart muscle homogenate and in other tissues and soluble structures carried out by means of the procedure were similar to the data on the enzymatic activity determined by other methods. PMID- 3159151 TI - [Nicotinamide coenzyme regulation of the sorbitol pathway of glucose metabolism in the aorta of rats with streptozotocin diabetes]. AB - Increase in content of glucose in aorta as well as in reducing properties of NAD and NADP coenzymes and alteration in content of cofactor of the sorbitol pathway led to accumulation of sorbitol in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Administration of nicotinamide into diabetic animals induced an increase in the ratios of NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH, accompanied by a decrease in sorbitol formation occurring in the reaction catalyzed by aldose reductase and stimulation of the sugar oxidation in the reaction catalyzed by sorbitol dehydrogenase. Possible use of nicotinamide for prevention and treatment of vascular lesions in diabetes is discussed. PMID- 3159152 TI - [Effect of divalent metal ions--stimulants of uterine contractile activity--on the Mg2+, ATP-dependent transport of Ca2+ in the myometrial sarcolemma fraction]. AB - Mn2+, Co2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ were shown to inhibit the Mg2+-ATP-dependent accumulation of 45Ca2+ in the fraction of cytoplasmic membranes. Mechanism of inhibitory effect of the Me2+ is considered. It is assumed that the cations, exhibiting higher affinity to ATP as compared with Mg2+, contributed to dissociation of the actual substrate of the enzymatic reaction Mg2+-ATP as well as to formation of the chelate complexes of the Me2+-ATP type; these complexes participated in the transport of Ca2+ less effectively as compared with the true substrate Mg2+-ATP. Among the essential factors responsible for an increase in the contractile activity of uterus in response to divalent ions of metals, accumulated into cells, elevation of Ca2+ concentration appears to occur in myocytes due to inhibition of the Mg2+-ATP-dependent output of Ca2+ from myoplasm into interstitial space. PMID- 3159153 TI - [Experience in the use of gastrofluorography in the Byelorussian SSR]. AB - The paper discusses the major stages of long-term studies of the effectiveness of application of gastrofluorography for detection of cancer and precancerous lesions in the stomach conducted during mass screenings in the Byelorussian SSR. The test results for the first Soviet-made on-site gastrofluorographic installation are presented. Successful applications of the installation for both screening and primary detection of the lesions are discussed. PMID- 3159154 TI - [Organization of diet therapy and vitamin therapy in evacuation hospitals in the Chuvash ASSR]. PMID- 3159155 TI - [Carcinogenic nitrosamine content of food products of the Moldavian SSR]. AB - The authors provide data concerning the content of carcinogenous N nitrosocompounds in foods manufactured in the Moldavian SSR. Over 100 samples of foods of both vegetable and animal origin have been analyzed. It has been found that foods manufactured in the Moldavian SSR are contaminated with carcinogenous N-nitrosamines but to an insignificant degree. It is concluded that the degree of a relative risk may be regarded as negligible. PMID- 3159156 TI - [Relieving food hygiene specialists of irrelevant duties in a district sanitary epidemiological station]. PMID- 3159158 TI - [Side effects in the clinical use of levamisole]. PMID- 3159157 TI - [Immunological structure of the population following the extermination of ticks in a natural focus of tick-borne encephalitis]. AB - Ten years after the break of the chain of transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus the level of the immune stratum of the local population declined from 59% to 39%. A decrease in the number of seroconversions was found in all the age groups but was particularly noticeable in the rural residents aged 10-30 years (39% and 13%), the mean titres declining from 1.8 log2 to 0.6 log2. In the rural residents over 30 years of age the immune stratum declined from 71% to 54%, the mean antibody titres from 3.4 to 2.5 log2. In subjects repeatedly infected in the natural focus, antihemagglutinins persisted for 10 years (the observation period). PMID- 3159159 TI - [Occupational health status, development of occupational diseases and qualifications of occupational medical care in health and social services]. PMID- 3159160 TI - [Fibrofolliculoma]. AB - We report on a 85-year-old woman suffering from a fibrofolliculoma at the root of her nose. This benign tumor is very uncommon, and its histological findings are little known. Pathogenetically we suspect a self-contained interaction between the epithelial and mesodermal component of the pilary complex. PMID- 3159161 TI - [Sulfides in acne]. AB - Fifty-three patients suffering from acne vulgaris or acne conglobata have been treated with natural sulphides over a period of 4 weeks. All cases showed improvement; normalization of the skin could be achieved in 36 patients (67.9%). PMID- 3159162 TI - [A new drug combination for the topical treatment of acne. Miconazole 2% + benzoyl peroxide 5% versus benzoyl peroxide 5%--a double-blind study]. AB - A double-blind, controlled clinical trial with 60 patients was employed in order to study the relative merits of two treatment schedules in acne vulgaris. One therapy comprised the topical application of a cream containing a combination of miconazole 2% and benzoylperoxide 5% (Acnidazil, Janssen) twice a day. In the other therapy, we applied a cream containing only benzoylperoxide 5%. Both groups of patients showed large and statistically significant reduction in the number of comedones, papules, and pustules during 12 weeks of therapy. Acnidazil, however, was found to have definitely better therapeutical results than benzoylperoxide alone: The lesions improved significantly faster, tolerance was better, and the patients overall evaluation clearly favored Acnidazil. 86,2% of the patients treated with Acnidazil rated the results good to very good, in contrast to 63% of the patients treated with benzoylperoxide only (p = 0.037). PMID- 3159163 TI - Muzolimine and nitrendipine in the treatment of arterial hypertension. AB - Thirty patients with moderate to severe hypertension (diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 115 mmHg), after a run-in wash out period of 15 days, were treated with muzolimine at a dosage of 20 mg once daily, given at 1 p.m., for three weeks. At the end of this period of treatment the patients with diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 100 mmHg started a double blind randomized study of comparison of nitrendipine, a vasodilator calcium antagonist agent, and captopril, an inhibitor of converting enzyme. The dosage was 10 mg twice daily for nitrendipine and 25 mg twice daily for captopril, the duration of each treatment being four weeks. At the end of 28 days of double blind treatment, the patients with diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 100 mmHg were treated with a triple combination: muzolimine plus nitrendipine plus captopril at the same dosage for a further four weeks. At the end of run-in and of each period of treatment blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in supine and erect positions and after a treadmill exercise test. At these times laboratory tests, including PRA and aldosterone, were performed. After the run-in period supine blood pressure was 189.6 +/- 13.9/123.1 +/- 7.7 mmHg. At the end of muzolimine treatment, supine blood pressure was 176.5 +/- 10.8/117.8 +/- 5.6 mmHg (p less than 0.001); at this time 4 patients had their diastolic blood pressure normalized and left the study. Thus 26 patients were randomized for comparative study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159164 TI - Immunization against dental caries. AB - Prevention of dental caries has been investigated by immunization with Streptococcus mutans in rodents and subhuman primates. In addition to cells and cell walls of S. mutans, the enzyme glucosyl transferase and purified protein antigens prepared from S. mutans were successfully used in immunization against dental caries. Subcutaneous immunization of rhesus monkeys elicits significant levels of serum IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies, lymphorproliferative response and T cell helper activity to S. mutans cells and to streptococcal antigen (SA) I/II. These immune responses are associated with significant reduction of caries and colonization by S. mutans. However, oral immunization induced only a modest increase in salivary IgA antibodies to S. mutans and a small reduction in caries. Successful immunization in sub-human primates requires optimal T cell helper and minimal suppressor activities in order to elicit high titre and avidity of IgG antibodies. The SA dose required to elicit an optimal T cell helper function in man is HLA-DR dependent. Serum IgG antibodies pass through the gingival crevicular epithelium onto the tooth surface, where they may opsonize S. mutans for phagocytosis by the local neutrophils and prevent adherence of S. mutans, thereby preventing the development of caries. PMID- 3159165 TI - [Lipid fatty acids of the blood serum and surface of the skin in seborrhea patients]. PMID- 3159166 TI - [Contact microscopy of the skin in dermatological practice]. PMID- 3159167 TI - [Foot mycoses complicated by secondary infection]. PMID- 3159168 TI - [Multiple injuries involving the retroperitoneal space]. AB - From 1971-1982, 598 polytraumatized patients had concomitant injuries of the retroperitoneal space. The mortality rate came up to 33.4%. Diagnostically abdominal lavage, laparoscopy, selective angiography and CT were carried out. Often life saving laparotomy had to be practised without further delay. PMID- 3159169 TI - [Pulmonary gas embolism in laparoscopy--a rare complication]. AB - Report on one case of pulmonary gas embolism during gynaecological laparoscopy using nitrous oxide (N2O) as filling gas. There was only a slight symptomatology. An acute pulmonary infarction could be demonstrated by X-ray examination. A critical assessment of hemodynamic depression during laparoscopy is a demand. In this connection the advantage of carbon dioxide opposite to nitrous oxide should be emphasized. PMID- 3159170 TI - [Fulminant and gradual evolution of the clinical manifestations of lumbar osteochondrosis]. AB - A vertebroneurological examination of 187 patients with lumbar osteochondritis revealed the presence of two variants of its exacerbation: fulminant (occurring within 1-3 days) and gradual (with a longer period of progress). The fulminant variant was associated with tension of the cellular immunity expressed in a decreased index of leukocyte migration inhibition and the corresponding therapeutic effect of epsilon-aminocaproic acid. PMID- 3159171 TI - [Features of the clinical picture and socio-demographic characteristics of patients with late schizophrenia (according to the results of an epidemiologic survey]. AB - A clinico-epidemiological examination of patients with late schizophrenia conducted in some districts of the city of Volgograd made it possible to identify two variants of the process: truly late and lately aggravated schizophrenia. These variants differ not only by clinico-dynamic characteristics but also by a number of socio-demographic characteristics as well. The author believes that truly late schizophrenia may be considered as a separate variant of schizophrenia. PMID- 3159172 TI - [50th anniversary of the Department of Neuropathology and Neurosurgery of Vitebsk Medical School]. PMID- 3159173 TI - Chemical heterogeneity of heparan sulfate from a human neuroblastoma cell line. AB - The chemical heterogeneity of radiolabelled neuroblastoma heparan sulfate has been studied by ion exchange chromatography and by affinity chromatography on heparan sulfate-agarose. Although the entire population of chains shows considerable homogeneity in charge density, the deaminative cleavage products ranged in size from disaccharides to eicosasaccharides. Under appropriate conditions neuroblastoma heparan sulfate could be separated into two pools of low or high affinity for lung heparan sulfate-agarose. Analyses of periodate oxidation-alkaline elimination indicated that the high affinity chains contained larger proportions of heparin-like segments, i.e. iduronate-rich and N-sulfated ones. PMID- 3159174 TI - Patch test reactions in atopic patients. PMID- 3159175 TI - Erythrocyte membrane associated enzymes of hemolytic anemias: ATPases, AMP deaminase and GAPD. PMID- 3159177 TI - The influence of labor and delivery on preterm fetal adrenal function. AB - The influence of labor and route of delivery upon umbilical cord serum levels of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in one hundred sixty-nine preterm infants not exposed prenatally to corticosteroids was studied. Vaginally born infants (group A, n = 89) presented a higher mean cord cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations than those delivered by cesarean section (group B, n = 80). Although there were no differences in cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels between infants delivered by cesarean section after spontaneous onset of labor (group B-I, n = 42) and those without labor (group B-II, n = 38), the mean cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations were higher in group A than in group B-I. There was a correlation between umbilical cord cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels. It is concluded that there is no association between the presence of labor and high cord serum levels of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and there is an association between vaginal delivery and high cord cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in preterm infants. It is suggested that the stress of vaginal delivery stimulates the secretion of fetal cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in preterm infants. PMID- 3159178 TI - Macrophages in glomerular injury. I. The kinetics of macrophages in accelerated Masugi nephritis in the rat. AB - To evaluate the role of macrophages in glomerulonephritis, the relationship between the existence of macrophages and proteinuria in the long course of glomerulonephritis was studied in accelerated Masugi nephritis in the rat. Non specific esterase staining was used as a marker of macrophages and the kinetics of glomerular macrophages was analysed by an image processor. Macrophages became detectable 48 hours after nephrotoxic serum injection and their accumulation reached a maximum level at 5 days. At 1 month, they had clearly decreased. At 3 months, however, many macrophages were found within the capsular drop-like lesions and crescents. Urinary protein excretion took roughly the same time course as the number of macrophages for 2 weeks. However, at 1 month, whereas macrophages had decreased, the proteinuria kept a persistently high level. At 3 months it showed a tendency to decrease. The correlation between the rate of appearance of macrophages and the urinary protein excretion assessed in 20 cases exhibited no significance. In addition, discrepancy in their time course was evident at 1 month. Although macrophages may happen to contribute to the tissue injury resulting in proteinuria in the early phase of nephrotoxic serum nephritis, factors other than macrophages should be considered in the subsequent duration of proteinuria in this model. PMID- 3159176 TI - T cell-mediated suppression of late erythroid and granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). PMID- 3159180 TI - Left ventricular function during transluminal angioplasty: a haemodynamic and angiographic study. AB - The response of left ventricular function, was studied in a series of patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). From 4 to 6 balloon inflations procedures per patient were performed with an average duration per occlusion of 51 +/- 12 sec (mean +/- SD), total occlusion time 252 +/- 140 sec. Analysis of left ventricular (LV) haemodynamics showed that the relaxation parameters peak negative rate of change in pressure and the early time constant of relaxation responded earliest to acute coronary occlusion while other parameters such as peak pressure, LV end-diastolic pressure, and peak positive rate of change of pressure responded more gradually and suggested a progressive depression in myocardial mechanics during the entire procedure. LV angiogram available in 14 patients indicate an early onset of asynchronous relaxation concurrent with the early response in peak -dP/dt and the time constant of early relaxation. All haemodynamic parameters fully recovered within minutes after the end of PTCA. The results of this study indicate no permanent dysfunction to global or regional myocardial mechanics, after PTCA with 4 to 6 coronary occlusions each lasting 40 to 60 seconds. PMID- 3159179 TI - Peritoneoscopy of alcoholic liver cirrhosis in comparison with non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis. AB - Peritoneoscopic findings of 39 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) were compared with those of 95 patients with non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis (NALC). They were selected from 245 patients with liver cirrhosis subjected to peritoneoscopy in the 7 year period from 1975 to 1981. Out of the 95 NALC patients, 24 had hepatitis B surface antigen. The ALC patients had nodules which varied in size (61%), large depressions (69%), and a markedly rounded edge of the liver (33%) more often than NALC patients (18, 43 and 3%, respectively). Nodularity differed between the right and left lobes in ALC (41%) more often than in NALC (16%). Interstitial reddish markings and patchy nodules were, however, more frequent in NALC (51 and 28%, respectively) than in ALC (8 and 5%, respectively). Lymphatic vesicles were observed both in ALC (85%) and NALC (78%). In conclusion, the peritoneoscopic features which suggested ALC were the coexistence of nodules of various sizes, large depressions and a markedly dull edge of the liver. Interstitial reddish markings and patchy nodules were more indicative of NALC than ALC. PMID- 3159182 TI - Satellite cells in normal, regenerating and dystrophic muscle. PMID- 3159181 TI - Hereditary metabolic myopathies. PMID- 3159183 TI - Dual regulation of adenylate cyclase. PMID- 3159184 TI - Control of adenylate cyclase activity by G proteins. PMID- 3159185 TI - High-affinity binding of forskolin to rat brain membranes. AB - High-affinity forskolin binding sites in brain membranes have been identified that have structure-activity characteristics compatible with forskolin's site of action at the adenylate cyclase enzyme. It is proposed that these high-affinity binding sites are associated with an activated complex of the catalytic protein and the alpha s subunit. Quantitation of high-affinity forskolin binding sites may provide a direct measure of the amount of adenylate cyclase that has the potential to be regulated by stimulatory hormones and the Ns subunit. PMID- 3159187 TI - Properties of human erythrocyte Ns and Ni, the regulatory components of adenylate cyclase, as purified without regulatory ligands. PMID- 3159188 TI - Membrane complement receptors specific for bound fragments of C3. PMID- 3159186 TI - Inhibition of Xenopus oocyte adenylate cyclase by progesterone: a novel mechanism of action. AB - Progesterone inhibits oocyte plasma membrane adenylate cyclase measured in the presence of GTP or Gpp(NH)p by a novel mechanism that involves a guanine nucleotide regulatory protein. A hormone receptor has been identified in the oocyte plasma membranes using the technique of photoaffinity labeling, and the amount of steroid covalently bound to the steroid receptor after photolysis correlates with the level of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity and the EC50 for germinal vesicle breakdown. Inhibition of oocyte adenylate cyclase by both progesterone and 2', 5'-dideoxyadenosine, a potent P-site agonist, correlates with slowing of guanine nucleotide exchange. The steroid inhibition shares certain other common characteristics with P-site action, including inhibition of Gpp(NH)p-stimulated enzyme activity and a slowing of the rate of Gpp(NH)p activation of the enzyme that is inversely proportional to the concentration of guanine nucleotide. The steady-state velocity of the activated enzyme is also reduced by both hormones. However, a major difference between the actions of progesterone and the P-site agonist is in the effects of the divalent cation Mn2+. Whereas Mn2+ potentiates the inhibitory action of 2', 5'-DDA, the divalent cation abolishes the inhibitory action of progesterone, as would be predicted for receptor-mediated action. The lack of effect of IAP on progesterone inhibition of oocyte adenylate cyclase suggests that progesterone inhibition of oocyte adenylate cyclase is not mediated by the IAP substrate. Possible alternative models for the IAP-insensitive steroid inhibition of oocyte adenylate cyclase include a unique interaction with Ni that is not abolished by IAP or an action that involves Ns. PMID- 3159189 TI - Physiological and pathological involvements of platelets. PMID- 3159190 TI - Platelets, prostaglandins, and the cardiovascular system. PMID- 3159192 TI - Paf-acether (platelet-activating factor). PMID- 3159191 TI - Mechanisms of stroke and site of arterial lesion. PMID- 3159193 TI - Pathophysiology and clinical aspects of acute cerebral ischemia. PMID- 3159194 TI - Evidence that hypercapnia-induced cerebral vasodilation in the conscious rat is not mediated by prostaglandins. PMID- 3159196 TI - Effects of indomethacin and polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine on short-term control of renal water excretion. PMID- 3159195 TI - Arachidonate metabolism in renal injury. AB - In conclusion, the evidence to date demonstrates that the enhanced arachidonate metabolism seen in hydronephrosis is responsible for the pathophysiological alterations observed in this model of renal injury. The balance between vasodilating prostaglandins and the vasoconstrictor thromboxane A2 may be critical in determining blood flow to the obstructed kidney. The alterations in arachidonate metabolism in this pathophysiologic state appear to result from the invasion of macrophages and the proliferation of fibroblasts in the cortical interstitium. Additionally, the macrophage appears to be necessary for the expression of the enhanced hormone-stimulated arachidonate metabolism. We envision the temporal sequence of events in this model to be as follows: ureter obstruction causes a mechanical disruption and/or immunologic stimulus in the cortex, which triggers a regional inflammatory response resulting in the proliferation of interstitial cells and the invasion of mononuclear cells. The macrophages, which are in direct contact with fibroblasts, are capable of releasing a factor that stimulates fibroblast proliferation, cortical microsomal cyclooxygenase activity, and prostaglandin E2 release (i.e., intrinsic arachidonate metabolism). The enhanced thromboxane synthetase levels and thromboxane A2 appear to come from the macrophage. The prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane A2 released modulate vascular tone. Prostaglandin E2 may also serve as an inhibitor of macrophage function. Two other models of renal damage also exhibit marked enhancement of renal prostaglandin synthesis and induction of thromboxane production: renal venous occlusion (32) and glycerol-induced acute renal failure (3). The finding that several models of renal damage have definite quantitative and qualitative alterations in the prostaglandin cascade reflects the importance of this pathway in renal pathophysiology. PMID- 3159198 TI - Mechanisms of arterial hypertension: role of neural control of renal functions. PMID- 3159197 TI - The influence of selective and nonselective prostaglandin inhibition on renin. AB - The finding that sulindac, in contrast to indomethacin, does not inhibit renal prostaglandins (PGs) can offer the means to study the role of systemic and/or renal PGs in the control of renin. Therefore we studied, using a randomized cross over design, the influence of treatment with sulindac and indomethacin on plasma renin activity (PRA) of essential hypertensive patients, which was measured either after standing or after chronic captopril and chlorthalidone administration. In the captopril-treated group, serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and urinary 6-keto-PGF1alpha were significantly reduced by indomethacin, while sulindac reduced only serum TXB2. PRA was significantly reduced by indomethacin in the three groups and by sulindac only in standing and captopril-treated patients. These findings suggest that systemic PGs are mainly involved in the control of renin during standing and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, while mainly renal PGs play a role in the control of renin during chronic thiazide-like diuretic administration. PMID- 3159199 TI - Prostaglandins, renin-angiotensin system, and hypertension. PMID- 3159200 TI - The relevance of prostaglandins in human hypertension. AB - In normotensive and hypertensive humans, prostaglandins, particularly PGE2 and PGI2, affect blood pressure through control of vascular resistance, salt excretion, cardiac output, and renin secretion. The majority of studies of human essential hypertension have documented diminished renal synthesis and, hence, urinary excretion of PGE2. The acute administration of indomethacin inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and increases total peripheral resistance as well as mean blood pressure, with a countervailing decrease of cardiac index. The important vasodilatory and natriuretic roles of PGE2 and PGI2 are most apparent in hypertensive patients receiving antihypertensive therapy. The concomitant use of NSAID attenuates blood-pressure control in all reported studies using indomethacin. Consequently, potent NSAID should be avoided during treatment of hypertensive patients, and aspirin may be the safest NSAID in these circumstances. Interesting data are accumulating on the beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, as dietary means to reduce blood pressure. All reported studies have documented small 5 to 10 mm Hg decrements of blood pressure with dietary supplementation with these fatty acids and conversion of the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids toward unity. PMID- 3159201 TI - Effects of acute hydration on urinary kallikrein production in hypertensive patients. PMID- 3159202 TI - Effects of platelet-activating factor on coronary hemodynamics and coronary venous plasma levels of TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and leukotriene C4 immunoreactivity in the intact domestic pig heart. PMID- 3159203 TI - Urinary kallikrein in mild to moderate essential hypertension. PMID- 3159204 TI - Altered renal prostaglandin production after sodium loading in hypertensive patients. PMID- 3159205 TI - Drugs affecting the prostaglandin synthetic pathway and rat heart allograft survival. PMID- 3159206 TI - Redox metabolism regulation in normal and metabolically altered human platelets. PMID- 3159208 TI - Medical prevention of ischemic stroke. PMID- 3159207 TI - Platelets, endothelium, and vessel injury. AB - Injury to the endothelial lining of arteries is an important mechanism in both the early and late stages of the development of atherosclerosis. Platelets can contribute to the early lesions by releasing factors that cause smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. In the later stages, the formation of large platelet-fibrin thrombi that become organized into the vessel wall contributes to the development of focal atherosclerotic narrowing of arteries. Injury to the vessel wall can also be a factor in causing spasm of coronary arteries, particularly at sites of stenosis. The spasm may cause ischemia, anginal pain, and, in some individuals, ventricular fibrillation and death. In other individuals, the spasm may not cause death but may persist long enough for an occlusive thrombus to form and cause myocardial infarction. The events leading to thrombosis involve not only the release of arachidonic acid and the formation of TXA2, but other pathways that are independent of the arachidonate pathway. In some circumstances thrombin (which causes platelet aggregation and release that are largely independent of the arachidonate pathway and TXA2 formation) is the primary stimulus causing the initiation and growth of the thrombus. The role of products of the arachidonate pathway in causing spasm is not understood. PGI2 produced by the vessel wall could be important in preventing or minimizing coronary artery spasm. The best way to prevent the development of atherosclerosis and its clinical complications is to prevent or minimize injury of the endothelium. PMID- 3159209 TI - Effects of dipyridamole infusion on local platelet aggregation and local formation of thromboxane A2 in patients with pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 3159210 TI - Aspirin after acute myocardial infarction: a systematic approach to compare the hemostatic effects of three different doses. PMID- 3159211 TI - Role of prostaglandins in microcirculatory function. PMID- 3159212 TI - Dipyridamole and aspirin in arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs. PMID- 3159213 TI - Effects of ticlopidine on platelet function and on coronary insufficiency in patients with angina pectoris. PMID- 3159214 TI - Metabolic side effects of the platelet-inhibitory drug ticlopidine. PMID- 3159215 TI - Coronary artery bypass grafting. A model for the understanding of the progression of atherosclerotic disease and the role of pharmacological intervention. PMID- 3159216 TI - Platelet-inhibitory therapy in reconstructive arterial surgery. PMID- 3159217 TI - Patency of saphenous veins used for aortocoronary bypass grafting: effects of platelet-derived mediators. PMID- 3159218 TI - Aspirin and dipyridamole reduce lipid accumulation in vein bypass grafts: combination versus single drug therapy. PMID- 3159219 TI - Coronary vasodilation by nitrates: any role for prostaglandins? PMID- 3159220 TI - Indomethacin blunts the late phase of nitroglycerin-induced coronary vasodilatation in dogs. PMID- 3159221 TI - Dilation of large coronary arteries in conscious dogs by prostacyclin. PMID- 3159222 TI - Prostaglandins in therapy of cardiovascular disease. PMID- 3159223 TI - Hemodynamic changes during intraarterial administration of prostaglandin E1 in healthy subjects. PMID- 3159224 TI - The phospholipase C diglyceride lipase pathway contributes to arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin E2 formation in platelet-derived growth factor stimulated Swiss 3T3 cells. PMID- 3159225 TI - Effects of the prostaglandin H2/thromboxane A2 antagonist BM 13.177 on human platelets. PMID- 3159227 TI - Development of a radioimmunoassay for the measurement of prostacyclin metabolites in unextracted plasma. PMID- 3159226 TI - Effects of selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor OKY-046 on plasma prostaglandins in patients with coronary artery disease during exercise. PMID- 3159228 TI - Pharmacological modification of leukotriene release and coronary constrictor effect in cardiac anaphylaxis. AB - The modification of anaphylactic release of leukotriene (LT) C4-like immunoreactivity from isolated guinea pig hearts and of LT-induced coronary constriction by the muscarinic receptor against methacholine and by various exogenous prostaglandins (PG) was investigated. The vasodilators PGI2 and PGE2 as well as the vasoconstrictors PGD2, PGF2alpha, and 11,9-epoxymethano-PGH2, a PG endoperoxide analogue with biological properties similar to thromboxane (TX) A2, inhibited the anaphylactic coronary constriction without affecting release of LTC4-like immunoreactivity. On the other hand, the increased anaphylactic LT release in the presence of methacholine was not paralleled by more pronounced coronary constriction after challenge. The results suggest that the coronary constrictor effect of endogenous LT is modified by the drugs used by direct vascular effects and/or effects on other anaphylactic mediators. PMID- 3159229 TI - Leukotriene D4 reduces pressor responses to sympathetic stimulation, angiotensin, and vasopressin. PMID- 3159230 TI - Lipoxygenase-derived products in cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells. PMID- 3159231 TI - Cardiac prostaglandin synthesis in spontaneous and in effort angina. PMID- 3159232 TI - Contributory role of platelets in various manifestations of ischemic heart disease. PMID- 3159233 TI - Thromboxane in sudden death. AB - Thromboxane has characteristics that signify potential importance in cardiovascular disease states. In models developed for studying thrombotic sudden death, thromboxane appears to be an important mediator. Thus, in arachidonic acid induced sudden death, agents that either inhibit thromboxane generation or block thromboxane receptor activation prevent the occurrence of thrombotic death. Thromboxane mimetics are also useful in modeling sudden death; when injected i.v., these compounds elicit effects similar to those obtained with arachidonic acid. In this case, however, pretreatment with cyclooxygenase or thromboxane synthetase inhibitors confers no protection, whereas the thromboxane receptor antagonist retains its efficacy. Other factors that affect susceptibility to experimental sudden death include gender, species, and endocrine status. Thrombotic sudden death models have now been used to test, in vivo, the in vitro antiplatelet aggregatory effect of calcium-channel blockers. The data suggest that dihydropyridine agents such as nifedipine and nisoldipine are protective against thrombosis, whereas verapamil may have little such activity. Furthermore, sudden death induced by a variety of thrombotic challenges is prevented by pretreatment with nifedipine. The thrombotic sudden death models currently employed are useful for the in vivo study of the thrombotic process and for the evaluation of agents with potentially thrombotic or antithrombotic properties. PMID- 3159235 TI - Prostacyclin and thromboxane levels during cardiac ischemia in dogs. PMID- 3159234 TI - Changes in PGE2 urinary excretion and renal function in coronary heart disease. PMID- 3159236 TI - Does prostacyclin synthesis inhibition significantly contribute to nicotine effects on coronary blood flow? PMID- 3159238 TI - Generation of C5a and prostacyclin (PGI2) in an inflammatory response to zymosan and a reversed passive Arthus-type reaction in the peritoneal cavity of the rabbit. AB - Exudate fluids were removed from the rabbit peritoneal cavity 2 h after the injection of zymosan or the initiation of a reversed passive Arthus-type reaction. Inflammatory oedema was measured using Evans blue dye extravasation and the concentrations of C5a and the PGI2 metabolite, 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, were measured by radioimmunoassay. High levels of C5a were found in these inflammatory exudates and we suggest that the extravascular generation of C5a is important in the induction of increased microvascular permeability. The presence of PGI2 may have an enhancing effect on plasma protein leakage. PMID- 3159240 TI - Leriche syndrome: treatment with streptokinase and angioplasty. PMID- 3159239 TI - The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticosteroids. PMID- 3159241 TI - Coning of spinal CT images in low back pain. PMID- 3159237 TI - IgE receptors on macrophages: biological significance. PMID- 3159242 TI - Recognition and management of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 3159243 TI - Pulmonary mechanics in methacholine induced asthma. AB - We submitted eight asthmatics (age range 24-51 years) to progressively increasing doses of inhaled methacholine. Mechanical studies were done before and after each dose of methacholine and also after an inhalation of 240 micrograms of Ipratropium Bromide (IB). Recordings included: Thoracic gas volume at FRC (TGV), airways resistance (Raw), flow volume loops and static pressure/volume relationship (Pst/V). Exponential fitting of Pst/V curve was done according to previous studies, and maximal flow/static recoil curves were drawn with the data previously obtained. Considering the variation of SGaw as an index of airway reaction we found a good correlation between this parameter and MEF. Cdyn and the slope between MEF. The increase of TGV was in good correlation with SGaw as a percentage of control value. We could not find any significant variation in Specific Distensibility (Dsp) or Pst max. Our results support previous studies that have shown a insignificant modification of the elastic properties of the lung. The volume increases observed by plethysmography must be cautiously interpreted. We suggest that this modification may be the result of various factors, i.e. technical, mechanical (airways collapse, air trapping) and biological factors (surface forces, alveolar relaxation). Our data confirms the predominant central action of Ipratropium Bromide. PMID- 3159245 TI - Creatine kinase release after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - After successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), 25 (20%) of 128 patients had elevation of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB). The increase was mild (mean 9% MB with total creatine kinase of 179 U/L). Three variables were significantly related to the enzyme elevation: chest pain, small branch vessel occlusion, and recent myocardial infarction. Of the patients with CK-MB elevation, 60% experienced chest pain and 32% sustained a small branch vessel occlusion during PTCA, compared with 11% and 8%, respectively, of the 103 patients without enzyme elevation (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01). Of 16 patients with recent myocardial infarction, seven (44%) had release of CK-MB. Although mild enzyme elevation after successful PTCA is likely due to a small amount of myocardial necrosis, this phenomenon was not associated with increased cardiac morbidity or mortality. Therefore, release of CK-MB without other clinical evidence for myocardial infarction after successful PTCA does not in itself warrant longer hospitalization, and routine serial enzyme determinations are probably unnecessary. By reducing the number of laboratory tests and the duration of hospitalization, the cost effectiveness of PTCA may be increased. PMID- 3159244 TI - Fixed drug eruption. AB - We presented 21 patients with fixed drug eruptions. All of them had positive provocation tests, showing the usefulness of this test for diagnosis. The lesions appeared on the skin or mucous membranes within 20 min. to 10 hours, after an oral provocation test with a sub-therapeutic dose. In those cases where we performed the basophil degranulation test, they were all negative. The drug more frequently implicated was cotrimoxazole (71%). In one patient the eruption was produced by oral neomycin. PMID- 3159246 TI - Propranolol-induced changes in ventricular isomyosin composition in the rat. AB - The ventricular isomyosin composition in the rat is characterized by three isoenzymes, V1, V2, and V3, with high, intermediate, and low Ca++-activated ATPase activity, speed of muscle shortening, and contractile economy. In this study, we examined the effects of propranolol on ventricular isomyosin composition in the rat. Eight 4-week-old male Wistar rats were treated from 4 to 12 weeks of age with daily 10 mg/kg subcutaneous doses of propranolol; four control rats were given subcutaneous distilled water. At the end of the treatment period, the efficacy of beta blockade was confirmed by isoproterenol test in some rats from each group. After the rats were killed left ventricular myosin from both control and propranolol-treated animals was purified and tested for Ca++ activated ATPase activity. Ventricular isomyosin composition was studied by gel electrophoresis in non-denaturing conditions. Heart rate was significantly lower in the propranolol group, while no differences in blood pressure, body weight, or ventricular weight were found between the two groups. Lower Ca++-activated ATPase activity values and a higher expression of myosin isoenzymes V2 and V3 were found in propranolol-treated rats. Possible links between the observed shift in ventricular isomyosin composition and the well-known modifications in myocardial contractility and oxygen consumption occurring after chronic propranolol administration remain to be established. PMID- 3159247 TI - The therapeutic implications of diastolic time changes in systemic hypertension. AB - Twenty-five patients with chronic systemic hypertension were studied. Systolic time intervals and diastolic time were determined at baseline and after 12 weeks of therapy with nadolol, with or without bendroflumethiazide (treatment phase I), then after 12 weeks of therapy with hydralazine, bendroflumethiazide, or both (treatment phase II). Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures were equally controlled after either treatment regimen. Heart rate was significantly slower after treatment phase I compared to baseline or after treatment phase II (p less than 0.001). Systolic time per minute was significantly shorter and diastolic time per beat and per minute were significantly longer after treatment phase I compared to baseline or after treatment phase II (p less than 0.001). Double and triple products decreased after either mode of therapy; however, these parameters were significantly lower after treatment phase I compared to treatment phase II (p less than 0.01). These changes in systolic and diastolic time and double and triple products may be of clinical significance during therapy of chronic systemic hypertension and may help explain the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension treated with sympathetic blocking agents. PMID- 3159249 TI - Acute occlusion syndrome post PTCA. PMID- 3159248 TI - Cardiac hypertrophy and arterial distensibility in essential hypertension. AB - Echocardiographic determinations, left ventricular mass-volume ratio (M/V), left ventricular end-systolic stress (ESS), carotidofemoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), and brachial artery compliance (BAC), deduced from pulsed Doppler measurements and from the Bramwell-Hill equation, were evaluated in 20 patients with sustained essential hypertension in comparison with 20 control subjects of the same age and sex. In hypertensive patients, M/V ratio, ESS, and PWV were significantly increased while BAC was reduced. In the overall population, ESS was directly correlated with PWV (r = 0.73), and M/V ratio was significantly correlated with PWV (r = 0.60), BAC (r = -0.70), and systolic arterial pressure (r = 0.71). No comparable results were observed with diastolic arterial pressure. PWV was unchanged after cadralazine, a dihydralazine-like substance, and was decreased with the same blood pressure reduction following nitrendipine, a new calcium blocking agent. These results suggest that: (1) the distensibility of large arteries plays an important role in the maintenance of cardiac hypertrophy in hypertension, and (2) antihypertensive drugs may act differently on arterial distensibility with possible consequences on ESS and reversion of left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 3159250 TI - Increased thallium lung uptake after exercise in isolated left anterior descending coronary artery disease. AB - Increased thallium lung uptake during exercise correlates with an exercise induced elevation in left ventricular filling pressure. This finding was analyzed in 48 patients with 1-vessel left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery disease (CAD) before and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Patients were separated into 2 groups: 13 (27%) patients with increased (group 1) and 35 patients with normal thallium lung uptake (group 2). Compared with group 2, group 1 patients had more severe LAD luminal diameter narrowing (90 +/- 6% vs 81 +/- 11% [mean +/- standard deviation], p less than 0.003); slower clearance of thallium from the LAD territory segments (half-life 13.5 +/- 8.0 vs 6.5 +/- 5.0 hours, p less than 0.007); and more abnormal thallium segments per patient by quantitative criteria (p less than 0.02). After angioplasty, thallium lung uptake became normal in 12 of 13 patients in whom it was previously elevated. Increased thallium lung uptake after exercise occurs in 1-vessel LAD disease, and is related to the severity of ischemia by thallium scan and the severity of stenosis by angiography. Therefore, increased thallium lung uptake identifies a subset of patients with 1-vessel CAD with a greater amount of myocardium at risk. PMID- 3159251 TI - Quantitation of lymphocyte subsets by immunofluorescence flow cytometry in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. AB - Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) is a disease in which immune aberration has been postulated but not confirmed. The frequency of lymphocyte subsets was evaluated in 22 patients with IDC and in 22 blood bank control subjects, using monoclonal antibodies to cell surface markers to allow cell sorting by immunofluorescence flow cytometry. Eighteen patients with heart failure from other causes were also studied. Functional correlations were also made for the natural killer cell subset. Total T-cell frequency, determined with antihuman T (Hybritech), was similar in IDC and control groups: mean 73 +/- 12% in IDC patients and 70 +/- 9% in control subjects. B-cell frequency, determined with antihuman Ia (Hybritech), was also similar: 36 +/- 11% in IDC patients and 31 +/- 10% in control subjects. Helper T-cell frequency, identified by OKT4 (Ortho), averaged 47 +/- 11% in IDC and 44 +/- 8% in control subjects (difference not significant). Suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell frequency, established by OKT8, was the same: 28 +/- 8% in IDC and 30 +/- 7% in control subjects, although relative deficiency in suppressor functional activity has been reported in IDC. Helper to suppressor (OKT4/8) ratios, aberrant in many autoimmune diseases, did not differ significantly (IDC 1.9 +/- 0.8, control 1.5 +/- 0.6). Lymphocyte subsets and OKT4/8 ratio were also similar between IDC and heart failure patients. Natural killer cell frequencies, estimated using 2 antibodies (antihuman Leu-7 and Leu 11, Becton-Dickinson) were the same (9.3 +/- 4.9% in IDC patients, 9.0 +/- 4.5% in control subjects, Leu-7).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159253 TI - Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty for aortic valve stenosis in infancy. PMID- 3159252 TI - Angioplasty for dilatation of complex coronary artery bifurcation stenoses. PMID- 3159254 TI - Motor innervation of intrafusal fibers in rat muscle spindles: incomplete separation of dynamic and static systems. AB - Distributions of 53 motor axons to different types of intrafusal fibers were reconstructed from serial 1-micron-thick transverse sections of 13 poles of spindles in the rat soleus muscle. The mean number of motor axons that innervated a spindle pole was 4.1. Approximately 60% of motor axons lost their myelination prior to or shortly after entry into the periaxial fluid space of spindles. Motor innervation to the juxtaequatorial portion of nuclear bag fibers (particularly the bag1) consisted of groups of short, synaptic contacts that were terminations of thin, unmyelinated axons. In contrast, motor endings on both the bag1 and bag2 fibers were platelike in the polar intracapsular region. Chain fibers had a single midpolar platelike ending. The ratio of motor axons that innervated the bag1 fiber exclusively to axons that innervated bag2 and/or chain fibers was 1:1. However, one-fourth of motor axons coinnervated the dynamic bag1 fiber in conjunction with static bag2 and/or chain fibers. Thus the complete separation of motor control of the dynamic bag1 and static bag2 intrafusal systems observed in cat tenuissimus spindles is neither representative of the pattern of motor innervation in all other species of mammals nor essential to normal spindle function. PMID- 3159255 TI - Thyroid dysfunction in Down syndrome. AB - We investigated the thyroid function of 151 patients with Down syndrome. Compared with a control group of 89 siblings nearest in age to their brother or sister with Down syndrome, the mean thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) value was significantly higher in patients with Down syndrome than in subjects without Down syndrome. However, the mean thyroxine (T4) levels in both groups were nearly the same. In the Down syndrome group there was a trend for TSH values to increase and for T4 values to decrease with advancing age. Of the 151 patients with Down syndrome, ten had both significantly elevated TSH levels (greater than or equal to 9.5 microU/mL) and significantly decreased T4 levels (less than or equal to 5.5 micrograms/dL), 21 had only abnormally high TSH values, seven had only markedly increased T4 levels (greater than or equal to 12.0 micrograms/dL), and three had only significantly decreased T4 levels. The intellectual function of patients with both abnormal TSH and T4 levels was significantly lower (mean IQ, 41.7) than that of Down syndrome patients with only increased TSH values (mean IQ, 53.8) and that of Down syndrome patients with normal thyroid function (mean IQ, 55.3). This study provides further evidence that there is an increased prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with Down syndrome. PMID- 3159256 TI - Gastroduodenal ulcerations in patients receiving selective hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy. AB - Ninety-three patients with liver metastases underwent selective hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapeutic agents through a surgically implanted hepatic artery catheter and pump. Fourteen patients who developed upper gastrointestinal symptoms at some time during the course of treatment were found to have gastroduodenal disease endoscopically. The severity of symptoms did not necessarily correlate with severity of endoscopic findings. There was no temporal relation between 5-fluoro-2'-deoxuridine infusion and symptoms; however, with mitomycin C, symptoms worsened in five of eight patients within 2 wk of the initial injection. Patients who received mitomycin C had more severe endoscopic findings and two of the 14 patients required partial or total gastrectomy. When biodegradable starch microspheres were coadministered with mitomycin C this was not associated with a higher incidence of gastroduodenal disease. The early experience with therapy using this system has been associated with a significant incidence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms. The presence of gastrointestinal symptoms in such patients should alert one to potentially serious disease. PMID- 3159257 TI - Erythrocyte (Ca+2 + Mg+2)-ATPase activity: increased sensitivity to oxidative stress in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. AB - The effect of the thiol-oxidizing agent diamide on erythrocyte (Ca+2 + Mg+2) ATPase activity was measured in normal and glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficient (G6PD-) cells. Although the enzyme activity before the oxidative stress was similar in both groups, diamide induced a markedly greater inhibition in the enzyme activity in the G6PD- cells than in the normal controls. These data indicate dependence of erythrocyte (Ca+2 + Mg+2)-ATPase, in part, on the redox status of the cell. The increased vulnerability of (Ca+2 + Mg+2)-ATPase to oxidative stress in G6PD- may be of pathophysiological relevance to their premature destruction in oxidant-induced hemolysis. PMID- 3159258 TI - Maternal factors in onset of Huntington disease. AB - Analyses of father-offspring and mother-offspring similarity in onset age suggest that nuclear genes account for a significant portion of the modification of onset age in Huntington disease. The effects of non-nuclear modifiers are supported by the finding that the offspring of affected women have significantly older mean ages of onset than offspring of affected men irrespective of the onset age in the parent. The absence of increased father-daughter similarity indicates that modification is not X-linked. The absence of reproductive advantage for late onset individuals and the absence of a multigenerational maternal-lineage effect suggest that the modifying effect of the sex of the affected parent occurs in a single parental generation. Offspring of affected women with onset between ages 35 and 49 had a significantly older mean onset age than their mothers. This suggests that a protective effect may be conferred upon the offspring of affected women. PMID- 3159260 TI - Stereotyped behavior of severely disabled children in classroom and free-play settings. AB - The relationships between stereotyped behavior, object manipulation, self manipulation, teacher attention, and various developmental measures were examined in 101 severely developmentally disabled children in their classrooms and a free play setting. Stereotyped behavior without objects was positively correlated with self-manipulation and CA and was negatively correlated with complex object manipulation, developmental age, developmental quotient, and teacher attention. Stereotyped behavior with objects was negatively correlated with complex object manipulation. Partial correlations showed that age, self-manipulation, and developmental age shared unique variance with stereotyped behavior without objects. PMID- 3159259 TI - HLA and trisomy 21. PMID- 3159261 TI - Internal consistency of the short-form of the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress. AB - The internal consistency of the short-form of the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress (Holroyd, 1982) was examined using a sample of 189 parents of handicapped and nonhandicapped children. Reliability and factor analysis procedures revealed psychometric weaknesses across scales and a factor structure discrepant with that originally postulated by Holroyd. Eight factors were identified and described. Results were compared with the scale configurations proposed by Holroyd. Positive outcomes were discussed regarding the clinical value of the instrument for assessing stress and resources in families and the 8-factor retention of many, if not all, of the items from the scales of the short form. Suggestions for needed research were presented. PMID- 3159262 TI - Cognitive adaptations to high-risk infants: the search for mastery, meaning, and protection from future harm. AB - Cognitive adaptations suggesting orientations to primary or secondary control over stress were explored in a sample of 42 mothers who were interviewed shortly after discharge of their infant from a newborn intensive care unit. Mothers reported how much the infant's current recovery and future developmental status was or is dependent on personal actions and the degree to which they thought they could prevent perinatal complications in future deliveries (primary control). Also, they were asked whether there were gains or advantages from the crises of newborn intensive care and whether they had answered the question: "Why me?" (secondary control). Standard measures of mood state and stress reactions to aversive events were also administered. Results showed that each of the control cognitions was related to one or more measures of adaptational outcome. Findings were discussed in the context of theory and research on cognitive adaptations to threatening occurrences. PMID- 3159263 TI - Tear studies in ocular rosacea. AB - To determine whether tear pH in ocular rosacea was alkaline or acidic compared to normal, I studied tear pH measured by pH electrode or paper in 12 patients with rosacea without ocular manifestations, 23 patients with mild ocular manifestations, and nine patients with severe ocular manifestations. There was no diagnostically useful difference in tear pH between any of these groups and normal controls. Possible pitfalls include the effect of anesthetic eyedrops on tear pH, the effect of basal tear secretion, and discrepancies between electrode and paper measurements. Measurements by pH paper cannot be adjusted by an error constant to yield an equivalent electrode value. Treatment of active ocular rosacea with tetracycline for one month had no effect on tear pH in six patients. PMID- 3159265 TI - Vagotonic effect of inversion therapy upon resting neuromuscular tension. AB - Inversion therapy has become a popular treatment for low back pain but little experimental evidence is available to suggest a physiological basis for such use. On the basis of earlier work showing a vagotonic influence of inversion upon the cardiovascular system, it was our purpose to test the hypothesis that such vagotonic effects are also operative in the nervous system and thus cause decreased electrical activation of the resting musculature. To test this hypothesis 12 healthy subjects, seven female, five male (age 19-37, M = 28.9 +/- 5.8 years) were selected from among 45 who were screened on the basis of having resting IEMG scores at least one S.E. above electrical silence. Each subject acted as his own control and visited the laboratory on four occasions of which two involved EMG testing pre and post inversion for two minutes and the other two were control before and after an equivalent period of rest. The mean reduction in neuromuscular tension after inversion was 28.3 percent compared with 7.1 percent after control. This difference was significant at P less than 0.04. A two minute period appears to be sufficient and the effect may persist for as much as two hours. Heart rate and blood pressures taken before and after inversion were not significantly different from controls. PMID- 3159264 TI - Factors affecting in vitro bond strength of no-mix orthodontic cements. AB - The effects of cement thickness and time of exposure of primer to a stimulated oral environment on tensile bond strength were determined in vitro for three no mix cements and a two-paste cement. Five shims produced increasing cement thicknesses, and a humidor at 37 degrees C simulated an oral environment. SY had the greatest tensile bond strength (0.92 kg/mm2), whereas UN and ML had similar strengths (0.60 kg/mm2 and 0.66 kg/mm2, respectively), when no shims were used. Generally, there was a decrease in tensile bond strength as thickness increased for all no-mix cements. The failure site was essentially at the cement-base interface. Failures within the cement were characterized by incomplete polymerization of the resin. There was a decrease in tensile bond strength which ranged from 11% to 24% after primed teeth were stored in a simulated oral environment for 1.0 minute for ML and 2.5 minutes for UN and SY. This decrease in strength was accompanied by an increase in percentage failure at the paste-primer interface. PMID- 3159266 TI - Sequential disaccharidase loss in rat intestinal blind loops: impact of malnutrition. AB - We studied lactase, maltase, and sucrase activities in the mucosa of self-filling blind loops (SFBL) in adult rats at weekly intervals after SFBL formation in order to determine the sequence in which disaccharidase activities fall. The studies were carried out on nourished and malnourished rats and extended to a recovery period induced by antibiotics to determine the effects of malnutrition on the establishment and repair of disaccharidase deficiencies caused by bacterial overgrowth. Malnutrition was produced by feeding 50% of the intake of paired rats fed ad libitum. Disaccharidase activities were determined in SFBL from nourished and malnourished rats at 7-day intervals until pandisaccharidase deficiency was established and during a 2-wk recovery period induced by antibiotics. Maximal SFBL bacterial counts in both nourished and malnourished groups of rats and brush-border glycoprotein degradation ratios were established at 7 days. In nourished rats only lactase was deficient at 7 days; maltase and sucrase fell later and sequentially. In malnourished rats all three disaccharidases were reduced at 7 days. Disaccharidase activities in self emptying blind loops (SEBL), used as operated controls, were not decreased 28 days after surgery. Malnutrition had no effect on disaccharidase activities in the SEBL, and malnutrition did not affect recovery rates with antibiotic therapy. We conclude that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth causes a staggered loss of disaccharidase activities beginning with the loss of lactase activity. In the presence of bacterial overgrowth, malnutrition accelerates the conversion of a mono- to a pan-disaccharidase deficiency. PMID- 3159267 TI - Calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in pancreatic acinar cells. AB - In the present study we partially purified calcium-activated, phospholipid dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) from pancreatic acinar cells of the guinea pig using diethylaminoethylcellulose and Sephadex G-150 chromatography and characterized the dependence of the enzyme on calcium, phospholipids, diacylglycerol (diolein), and the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13 acetate (TPA). The enriched preparation of protein kinase C contained no cyclic nucleotide-dependent or calcium-dependent, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity. The values of Km for H1-histone and ATP were 0.74 +/- 0.22 and 13.1 +/- 3.2 microM, respectively. Pancreatic protein kinase C demonstrated an absolute requirement for calcium and phospholipid for its activation, and diolein or TPA increased the affinity of the enzyme for calcium by 10-fold. With phosphatidylserine the calcium concentration that caused a half-maximal activation (Ka) was 74 +/- 17 microM, whereas with phosphatidylserine and diolein or TPA the Ka for calcium was 7.9 +/- 1.6 or 6.8 +/- 1.3 microM, respectively. Adding phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine decreased the Ka for calcium to 2.0 +/- 0.9 microM with diolein and to 0.7 +/- 0.4 microM with TPA. Activation of protein kinase C by TPA and diolein was identical with calcium concentrations greater than 1 microM, but at low calcium concentrations (less than 1 microM) in the presence of phospholipids, maximally effective concentrations of diolein caused only 55% of the activation seen with TPA. In addition to TPA, other phorbol esters such as phorbol dibutyrate and phorbol diacetate, but not phorbol itself, activated protein kinase C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159268 TI - Left ventricular failure induced by myocardial infarction. I. Myocyte hypertrophy. AB - To determine whether left ventricular failure after acute myocardial infarction is associated with a growth response of the myocytes that tends to compensate for the loss of muscle mass and function, the left coronary artery in rats was ligated near its origin, and the animals were killed 3 days later. Elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and decreased first derivative of left ventricular pressure and systolic arterial pressure indicated significant impairment of ventricular function. Absolute infarct size, determined morphometrically by measurement of the fraction of myocyte nuclei lost, averaged 57%. Hypertrophy of surviving left ventricular myocytes was 28%, involving a 14% increase in cell length and a 6% increase in diameter. Right ventricular myocyte volume per nucleus increased 21% by a 10% enlargement of cellular diameter with no change in length. These results show on a cellular basis that myocardial hypertrophy in the left ventricle is accomplished by cellular shape changes characteristic of a combination of pressure and volume overload hypertrophy, whereas cellular growth in the right ventricle is consistent with pressure overload hypertrophy. PMID- 3159269 TI - Left ventricular failure induced by myocardial infarction. II. Tissue morphometry. AB - Three days after myocardial infarction involving 57% of the left ventricle in rats, the viable tissue of the left ventricle expanded 29%, whereas myocardial hypertrophy in the right ventricle was 19%. To determine whether tissue oxygenation in the hypertrophied ventricles was supported by a proportional growth of the capillary network, morphometric analysis was used to measure capillary luminal volume and surface densities and the diffusion distance for O2. The volume fraction of capillary lumen and the luminal surface of capillaries, related to O2 availability and diffusion, were altered by -21 and -19%, respectively, in the left ventricle and by -23 and -20%, respectively, in the right ventricle. The path length for O2 transport was found to be increased by 12 and 15% in the left and right ventricle, respectively. In contrast, myocyte mass expanded in proportion to tissue growth in the left ventricle and exceeded tissue growth by 5% in the right ventricle. Myocyte mitochondria and myofibrils both grew in proportion to the cells, so that their volume ratio was not changed in either ventricle. The relatively inadequate adaptation of the capillary vasculature suggests that hypertrophy after severe myocardial infarction may initially leave the heart more vulnerable to additional ischemic episodes. PMID- 3159270 TI - Inhibition of rat ventricular automaticity by adenosine. AB - This study was designed to characterize adenosine's negative chronotropic effect on ventricular pacemakers. The spontaneous beating rate of isolated, isovolumic rat ventricular preparations perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution decreased as the adenosine concentration was increased [log M effective concentration 50% (EC50) = -5.22 +/- 0.17]. The lack of effect of propranolol or atropine on this adenosine response eliminates the involvement of endogenous neurotransmitters. Support for the involvement of an external cell surface receptor was provided by findings that theophylline and 8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline, an analogue thought to act solely at the cell surface, significantly increased the adenosine log M EC50 to -3.94 +/- 0.22 and -3.61 +/- 0.22, respectively. An increase in spontaneous beating rate induced by theophylline, but not by its analogue, was blocked by the addition of propranolol. The relative chronotropic potency of the adenosine analogues R-PIA, S-PIA, and NECA suggests that the cell surface receptors may be of the Ri type. The negative chronotropic effects of adenosine and its analogues occurred at concentrations that had no effect on the developed pressure of the paced preparation. Electrocardiographic evaluations indicate that at high agonist concentrations, there was an abrupt alteration in electrical properties of the preparation, which could be blocked by theophylline and its analogue. PMID- 3159271 TI - The origin and development of maternal and child health programs in the United States. PMID- 3159272 TI - Disabled adults in sheltered employment: an assessment of dental needs and costs. AB - In this dental survey of a multi-disability sheltered industry, 233 adults were examined. When compared to adjusted North Carolina values, the workers exhibited poorer oral hygiene with higher rates and severity of periodontal disease. DMF-T totals were equal to those statewide; however, workers had more decayed and fewer missing teeth. Significant unmet restorative and prosthodontic needs were found. Treatment cost estimates at 1983 fees were $421 per capita, with a median fee of $240. PMID- 3159273 TI - [Stalingrad is a reminder!]. PMID- 3159274 TI - [Medical and health support for women at the fronts in World War II]. PMID- 3159275 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of hereditary diseases]. PMID- 3159276 TI - [Characteristics of the development of cardiac rhythm in the fetus and neonate]. PMID- 3159279 TI - [Activity of the blood coagulation factor in neonates with a history of acute hypoxia at birth]. PMID- 3159278 TI - [Circadian rhythm of fetal heart activity]. PMID- 3159277 TI - [Echocardiographic study of the fetal heart in the 3d trimester]. PMID- 3159280 TI - [On the 40th anniversary of the victory over fascist Germany]. PMID- 3159281 TI - [Importance of a statistical probability analysis of amplitude fluctuations in fetal PCG tones for detecting umbilical cord pathology during pregnancy]. PMID- 3159282 TI - [Diagnostic value of a response EEG in severe neonatal asphyxia]. PMID- 3159283 TI - [Prognosis of fetal status in a complicated course of pregnancy: the possibilities of cardiotocography and of assessing fetal respiratory activity]. PMID- 3159284 TI - [Prevention of chronic fetal hypoxia in pregnant women with acquired heart defects]. PMID- 3159286 TI - [Current problems in perinatology]. PMID- 3159287 TI - [Immunochemical study of the system of soluble leukocyte antigens in normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by late toxicosis]. PMID- 3159285 TI - [Treatment of acute fetal hypoxia at birth]. PMID- 3159289 TI - [Effect of keeping mother and child together on the lactation function]. PMID- 3159288 TI - [Complex evaluation of the function of the fetoplacental system]. PMID- 3159290 TI - [Work of the Leningrad Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists in World War II, 1941-1945 and during the blockade of Leningrad]. PMID- 3159291 TI - [Water-electrolyte metabolism disorder in pneumonia in premature infants in the hot climate of Turkmenia]. PMID- 3159293 TI - [Enzymatic activity of carbohydrate metabolism in the placenta in neonatal hypotrophy]. PMID- 3159292 TI - [Disturbance of oogonia proliferation when oxytetracycline and 17beta-estradiol are introduced into a culture of human fetal ovary]. PMID- 3159294 TI - [Intestinal anaerobic nonsporulating microorganisms in healthy newborn infants fed sterile donor milk]. PMID- 3159295 TI - [Congenital listeriosis]. PMID- 3159296 TI - [Antenatal action of alcohol on the morphofunctional development of the central nervous system]. PMID- 3159298 TI - [Effect of acute acoustic stress on pregnant rats and the indices of the postnatal development of their progeny]. PMID- 3159297 TI - [Characteristics of kidney development in the progeny of mothers with hypocorticism (an experimental study)]. PMID- 3159299 TI - [Effect of trental on placental transport function and fetal development in hypotrophy]. PMID- 3159300 TI - [Morphological correlates between injuries to the skull and the tentorium cerebelli in infants dying in labor with head presentation]. PMID- 3159301 TI - [Colleagues of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Minsk Order of the Red Banner Medical Institute--participants in World War II]. PMID- 3159302 TI - [Pneumocystosis in a pregnant patient complicated by transplacental infection and intrauterine fetal death]. PMID- 3159303 TI - [Prevention, diagnosis and therapy of uterine inertia]. PMID- 3159304 TI - [Management of labor in women with twins]. PMID- 3159305 TI - [Hero of the Soviet Union prof. P. M. Buiko and the institute named after him]. PMID- 3159306 TI - T-cell imbalances in blood and lymph nodes from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome or AIDS-related complex. PMID- 3159307 TI - Benign (nonparoxysmal) familial chorea of early onset: an electroneurophysiological examination of two families. AB - A nonparoxysmal nonprogressive autosomal dominant choreatic disorder of early onset is described in two families. Laboratory investigations of blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid were normal. Extensive electroneurophysiological examinations did not reveal evident abnormalities. The contingent negative variation was also normal, except for a P500. These electroneurophysiological data are the opposite of what can be found in cases of Huntington's chorea. PMID- 3159308 TI - Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzymes in North American Indians. AB - Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isoenzyme phenotypes were determined in autopsy liver samples from 50 North American Indians from New Mexico. Forty-six of the 50 livers had sufficient ADH activity to allow phenotyping at the ADH2 and ADH3 loci. All 46 livers possessed the "typical" ADH2 1-1 phenotype. The frequency of the ADH3(2) allele was 0.59 and is the highest thus far reported in any racial population. All 50 livers possessed the ALDH I isoenzyme which exhibits the greatest anodic mobility on starch gel electrophoresis at pH 7.6. The results show that ADH and ALDH phenotypes among American Indians living in New Mexico are very similar to those of Caucasian populations and quite different from those of Orientals. PMID- 3159309 TI - Quantification of weal reactions with laser Doppler flowmetry. Comparative blood flow measurements of the oedematous centre and the perilesional flare of skin prick histamine weals. AB - Skin-prick experiments with different concentrations of histamine (0.1 mg/ml, 1.0 mg/ml, 10.0 mg/ml) and isotonic NaCl solution for control were performed on the forearms of 10 healthy volunteers. Regular recordings of the cutaneous blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry were performed in the centre of the weals and 5, 10, 15 and 20 mm from the centre representing the zone of perilesional flare. In the weal centre the blood flow was increased but neither different concentrations of histamine nor the control reaction could be differentiated. Recordings performed 5 and 10 mm from the centre showed, however, significant differences between the different solutions of histamine tested as well as the control reaction. The better differentiation was obtained 5 and 10 min after skin-prick. In conclusion, laser Doppler flowmetry with recordings of the perilesional flare is found useful for quantification of weal reactions. PMID- 3159310 TI - Immune stimulated regional inflammatory responses mediating lung reactivity in rats. AB - Daily sensitization of SPF BNxWi/Fu rats with ovalbumin (OA) in aerosol during 2 week periods with a 4-week interval resulted after 7 weeks in IgE, IgA and IgG antibodies in serum and bronchial fluid. After cultivation of the regional, axillary, brachial and mediastinal (ABM) lymph node cells, IgE antibodies were found in the culture supernatant. Such antibodies were not found in culture supernatants of spleen and inguinal lymph nodes. Regional formation of IgE antibodies was also noted in the ABM lymph node cell culture supernatants after subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of 100 ng OA in the neck region. When the injections were given in the tail-root region, the inguinal but not the ABM lymph nodes produced the IgE antibodies. The s.c. sensitization induced inconsistent and rather low IgG and no IgA antibody responses. The aerosol but not the s.c. sensitization induced accumulations of mononuclear cells and mucous cells in the lungs. Clinically, the rats sensitized s.c. in the neck region reacted to aerosol and intravenous (i.v.) challenge as early as 1 week after sensitization had started, whereas the animals sensitized in the tail-root regions reacted 7 and 8 weeks after repeated sensitization. The animals sensitized by aerosol showed only weak clinical reactivity after i.v. challenge. PMID- 3159311 TI - Hemodynamic and anesthetic effects of sufentanil as the sole anesthetic for pediatric cardiovascular surgery. AB - The efficacy, safety, and hemodynamic response to 5 micrograms/kg, 10 micrograms/kg, or 20 micrograms/kg of sufentanil and 0.1 mg/kg pancuronium was evaluated in children between 4 and 12 years of age scheduled for open heart surgery. Systolic time intervals, 2-D echocardiograms, systolic blood pressures (SBP), diastolic blood pressures (DBP), and heart rates (HR) were recorded before and after induction of anesthesia. Significant changes 10 min following induction of anesthesia but before intubation included increases in SBP in the 5 micrograms/kg group (P less than 0.01) and in the ratio of preejection period to left ventricular ejection time in the 20 micrograms/kg group (P less than 0.05). Instances of myoclonic jerking and coughing episodes were observed in all three study groups. Following intubation there were significant (P less than 0.05) increases in SBP in all groups, in DBP in the 5 micrograms/kg group, and in HR in the 5 micrograms/kg and 10 micrograms/kg groups. Smaller increases in SBP, DBP, and HR were seen in all groups after skin incision and sternotomy. Mean plasma catecholamine levels showed nonsignificant increases following periods of intraoperative stimulation with wide patient variations. Recovery of responsiveness to command occurred in all groups within one hour from the end of surgery but extubation was impeded by shallow periodic breathing and hypercapnea. The authors conclude that for children undergoing open heart surgery use of sufentanil as a sole anesthetic in bolus form did not provide a reliable depth of anesthesia with any of the induction doses studied. PMID- 3159312 TI - [Role of digital photoplethysmography and Doppler study in the diagnosis of functional disorders of the microcirculation]. PMID- 3159313 TI - [Penile erection dysfunction: a new field for angiology. Doppler study]. PMID- 3159314 TI - Gene markers for alcohol-metabolizing enzymes among recombinant inbred strains of mice with differential behavioural responses towards alcohol. AB - The genetic variability of alcohol dehydrogenase (C2 isozyme), aldehyde dehydrogenase (A2 isozyme) and aldehyde oxidase (A2 isozyme) has been examined among recombinant inbred strains of mice which have been previously studied concerning their differential behavioural responses towards alcohol. The results showed no correlation between biochemical phenotype for these loci and behavioural response. PMID- 3159315 TI - In vitro diagnosis and studies on the mechanism(s) of anaphylactoid reactions to muscle relaxant drugs. AB - By covalently coupling alcuronium, d-tubocurarine and the pancuronium analogue, vecuronium, and using the resultant complexes in radioimmunoassays with patients' sera, we have found high levels of drug-reactive IgE antibodies in some subjects who reacted to these muscle relaxants. This is the first demonstration of IgE antibodies to such compounds. Assays were also developed for the detection of drug-reactive IgE antibodies to the muscle relaxant drugs succinylcholine, decamethonium and gallamine. They involved the coupling of choline and its ethyl analogue, triethylcholine to activated Sepharose. Results of direct binding and inhibition experiments and correlations with clinical findings demonstrated that the assays are relevant to the detection of succinylcholine-, decamethonium- and gallamine-reactive IgE antibodies in patients who experienced adverse reactions to these drugs. Quantitative inhibition studies revealed that IgE antibodies from most patients cross-reacted with all muscle relaxants tested, other quaternary ammonium compounds and some pharmacologically unrelated drugs including promethazine, morphine, neostigmine and pentolinium. Results showed that the specificities of the IgE antibodies are directed towards quaternary or tertiary ammonium ions on the drugs that bind the antibodies. As these ions occur widely in man's environment in drugs, cosmetics, disinfectants, foods and industrial materials, it seems possible that sensitization of patients may occur without previous exposure to muscle relaxant drugs. Thus, we now have assays that will detect antibodies to all six muscle relaxant drugs --alcuronium, d-tubocurarine, pancuronium, succinylcholine, decamethonium and gallamine-- and, for the first time since the work on penicillins, drug-specific IgE antibodies have been found in large numbers of patients and the allergenic determinants have been identified. PMID- 3159316 TI - [Epidemiologic characteristics of 21 peranesthetic anaphylactoid accidents observed in a population of 12,855 surgically treated patients]. AB - A study of anaphylactoid reactions (AR) observed between September 1982 and September 1983 was carried out in the surgical departments of a French regional hospital. The patients who had presented clinical symptoms suggesting an AR (bronchospasm, collapse, tachycardia, with or without skin rash) during a general anaesthesia were included in this study. A precise history of previous anaesthesias and allergy was taken; allergological testing was carried out six to eight weeks after the AR. It included intradermal skin tests (ST) and a human basophil degranulation test (HBDT) with the suspected drugs. Out of 12,855 patients operated on under general anaesthesia in the hospital, 21 AR were seen during the year under study, in 18 women and 3 men, of median age 27 years (extreme values: 11 and 62). The median number of previous anaesthesias was 2 (extreme values: 0--in 4 cases- and 22). Cardiocirculatory abnormalities were the most frequent clinical symptoms of the AR: they consisted of decreased arterial pressure in 13 cases, with 8 cases of vascular collapse. Respiratory symptoms were less frequent but severe bronchospasm was observed in 5 cases. Skin rashes were seen simultaneously in 13 out of the 21 observations. A history of allergy was found in 11 patients. Total IgE serum concentration averaged 134 kU X 1(-1) (extreme values: 32-378). Results of histamine-sensitivity skin tests were not significantly different from those observed in a control group. Calcemia and magnesemia were in the normal range. One to four drugs were tested in each patient: 41 tests combining ST and HBDT were carried out.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159317 TI - The skin as an indicator of potential anaphylactoid reactions. PMID- 3159318 TI - Skin testing in the investigation of reactions to intravenous anaesthetic drugs. A prospective trial of atracurium and tubocurarine. AB - Intradermal skin testing is widely used to determine the causative drugs of presumed anaphylactic anaesthetic reactions. This paper sets out to evaluate the usefulness of skin tests, both intradermal and prick testing, in the prediction of anaesthetic reactions. The muscle relaxant drugs tubocurarine and atracurium were chosen for study since they are known to produce a high incidence of minor histaminoid reactions. A trial was conducted in 22 female patients about to undergo elective gynaecological surgery for non-malignant conditions. In intradermal tests, positive wheal and flare reactions to one or other relaxant (diluted 1 in 1,000) occurred in 17 patients and reactions to both drugs in 11 patients. Despite this high incidence of positive reactions, none of the patients had received either drug previously, a view confirmed by the negative results of prick testing. Likewise, when anaesthetized for surgery using atracurium or tubocurarine allocated randomly, the minor histaminoid manifestations observed showed no correlation whatsoever with the intradermal tests results. The results of the trial, combined with external reports to this centre, indicate that intradermal testing of anaesthetic drugs, particularly muscle relaxants, produces a high incidence of false positive results. This probably reflects their pharmacological activity rather than antigenicity. It is recommended, therefore, that skin testing should be reserved for situations in which there are strong indications from laboratory tests, backed by case history, of immune sensitization. PMID- 3159319 TI - [Reproducibility of skin tests to muscle relaxants]. PMID- 3159320 TI - [Anaphylaxis to muscle relaxants. Predictive value of intradermal tests and study of crossed anaphylaxis]. AB - 37 patients were studied, all of whom presented with anaphylaxis to a muscle relaxant. The diagnosis was made after simultaneous intradermal testing (IDT), human basophil degranulation tests (HBDT) and Prausnitz-Kustner tests (PK) of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Three tests were positive in 6 patients, both IDT and PK in 9, and both IDT and HBDT in 8. In 14 patients, the IDT, repeated twice, were positive both times. A search for crossed anaphylaxis to the other muscle relaxants was carried out in all the patients during a second series of tests, a few months to years after the first one. The drugs tested, at dilutions of the pharmaceutical preparation of 10(-3) or more, were: suxamethonium, gallamine, alcuronium, pancuronium, vecuronium, d-tubocurarine. The reliability of IDT in the diagnosis of anaphylaxis is discussed in terms of the small reactive concentration, the producibility of the tests, the one HBDT that did become positive later, and in one case the occurrence of shock by crossed anaphylaxis. Skin reactivity seemed to remain constant with time, so allowing the use of IDT as a diagnostic tool, in cases of old anaphylactoid shocks, occurring during general anaesthetics. The frequency of crossed anaphylaxis was assessed to be about 84%. The sensitivity to one or other drugs varied with each patient. Pancuronium and vecuronium appeared to be the least likely drugs to cause crossed anaphylaxis. The predictive use of these tests is discussed. It is also suggested that muscle relaxants with only one quaternary ammonium group should be used, this chemical characteristic probably reducing the risks of sensitization. PMID- 3159321 TI - Skin testing in the preoperative diagnosis of anaesthetic allergy. AB - Intradermal testing is a valid manoeuvre for the determination of the drug responsible for an anaphylactoid reaction during anaesthesia. It does not fill criteria for a screening test and will have limited use in the preoperative diagnosis of anaesthetic allergy unless a high risk group is selected. PMID- 3159322 TI - Comparison of minimal inhibitory concentration and disk-diffusion antimicrobic sensitivity testing of bacterial pathogens isolated from food animals. AB - Disk-diffusion sensitivity tests were conducted with the antimicrobics sulfathiazole, gentamicin, erythromycin, kanamycin, penicillin, ampicillin, and spectinomycin on 300 to 350 bacterial isolates of food animal origin. The minimal inhibitory concentration of each antimicrobic was also determined for each bacterial isolate, using a microdilution technique. Results indicated that inhibitory zone sizes should be larger for some antimicrobics when testing animal pathogens than those zone sizes recommended for testing human pathogens. In addition, zone interpretive data are reported for spectinomycin, a drug for which such data were previously lacking. PMID- 3159323 TI - [Treatment of acne]. PMID- 3159324 TI - Does mass closure of midline laparotomies stand the test of time? A random control clinical trial. AB - We compared the incidence of wound failure (burst abdomen and incisional herniation up to 4 years after operation) in a consecutive series of 282 major laparotomies closed with continuous monofilament nylon, and randomly allocated to mass (all layers except skin) or layered (anterior and posterior aponeuroses separately sutured) techniques. Surgeons were free to choose the site and direction of incision which resulted in a preponderance of midline incisions in the mass, and of paramedian incisions in the layered, group. One patient in the former, and two in the latter, burst their abdomens during early convalescence, and 17 incisional hernias were discovered within four years in the mass group compared with four in the layered group (log rank X2 7.16, P less than 0.01). Seven hernias in the former, and one in the latter, group were not detected within eight months of operation. We conclude that layered closure of a paramedian incision results in a lower incidence of incisional hernias than mass closure of a midline incision and that many hernias are not discovered until years after operation. PMID- 3159325 TI - Experience with surgical implantation of catheters for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - In 68 patients undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) a total of 77 CAPD catheters were surgically implanted providing a total CAPD experience of 980 patient months. The early postoperative complications of catheter displacement and blockage have not occurred since the routine employment of flanged Oreopoulos catheters and omentectomy. Peritonitis remains the major cause of later morbidity although 72 per cent of the patients in this series remain on CAPD between one and 31 months after catheter placement. We contend that open surgical implantation of Oreopoulos catheters together with omentectomy contributes to reducing the incidence of mechanical complications in patients undergoing CAPD. PMID- 3159326 TI - [Lumbosciatic pain caused by metal wire: a late complication of posterior cervical cerclage]. PMID- 3159327 TI - [Sudden death in athletes]. AB - In order to study the etiologies and mechanisms in sports-related sudden death, the author selected 198 cases from the world literature which met the following criteria: subjects were less than 40 years of age and in good physical condition, death occurred at the latest 1 hour after the physical activity, there was no known heart disease, and an autopsy had been performed. In spite of the heterogeneous character of those subjects included in this study and numerous biases, the following results were obtained: in some cases, the mechanism underlying the sudden death could be confirmed by autopsy (massive myocardial infarction, rupture of the aorta, cerebral hemorrhage), and in others it appeared highly probable (atheromatous or congenital coronary artery lesions, hypertrophic cardiomyopathies). Finally, in a certain number of cases, the observed abnormalities could only be seen as presumptive evidence (mitral prolapse, sequelae of myocarditis, or the presence of toxic agents). Failure to establish a precise diagnosis at autopsy occurred in only 22 cases (11%), however, amphetamine drug presence was discovered in 7 of these cases. Approximately one half of the group studied revealed atheromatous coronary artery lesions (29% of cases) or congenital lesions (17.5%) especially involving the origin of the left coronary artery. These were followed in frequency by the hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. Mitral valve prolapse and WPW syndrome were rarely encountered. Extracardiac causes included rupture of the aorta (4.5%) and cerebral vascular accidents (5%). PMID- 3159328 TI - [Developmental atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries treated by successive transluminal angioplasties]. AB - The authors present the case of a 62 year old patient with advanced coronary artery disease who underwent three successive percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties for five stenoses over a period of 30 months. Three of these stenoses appeared after the first operation. This case illustrates the advantage of this new technique of revascularisation which has an encouraging future in the field of "operative cardiology". The coronary angioplasty can be repeated several times in the same patient, not only in the case of recurrent stenoses, but also when new stenoses appear, provided the technical expertise of the operator can guarantee a minimal risk for the patient. PMID- 3159329 TI - The effects of glucose and insulin on beta-hexosaminidase in cultured fibroblasts from diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. AB - The effects of glucose and insulin in culture medium on the release and cellular content of beta-hexosaminidase were studied in fibroblast cultures obtained from patients with type II diabetes and from control subjects. The release of beta hexosaminidase was (positively) correlated to extracellular glucose concentration. The cellular activity was not influenced by glucose. Insulin had no effect on the cellular activity or the release of beta-hexosaminidase. The results were similar for both cell types. It is proposed that increased plasma levels of lysosomal hydrolases (e.g. beta-hexosaminidase) from human diabetics might be due to increased release from cells exposed to elevated glucose concentrations. PMID- 3159330 TI - The value of perinatal post-mortem radiography. Experience of 514 cases. AB - A post-mortem radiological study of 514 perinatally dead infants was carried out in order to evaluate the role of the radiological findings in the diagnosis of abnormal conditions and the cause of death. The study was performed in the Department of Radiology of Oulu University Central Hospital, where the records and radiograms of the cases were sent from 22 Finnish central hospitals and a maternity hospital. The radiograms were taken according to a standardized technique. The cases were collected in a period of 20 months from July 1980 to February 1982, and the number corresponds roughly to the number of perinatal deaths during one year in Finland. In the analysis of the radiograms, special attention was paid to skeletal changes and soft tissue abnormalities. For the measurement of skull, femur and pelvic angles, reference values were calculated from 167 cases of various gestational ages, in which no abnormalities had been detected. Pathological radiological findings were seen in 156 cases, which is 30% of the whole material. 99 of these were congenital defects, while the rest showed other skeletal or soft tissue abnormalities. Of the 99 congenital defects with radiological findings there were six cases of osteochondrodysplasias, 16 cases of chromosomal malformation syndromes, 13 cases of autosomally recessively inherited malformation syndromes and 18 cases of multiple malformation syndromes of unknown aetiology. There were 18 malformation cases with radiological findings, which were considered to represent malformation sequences. Single malformations with radiological findings were found in 10 cases. Congenital defects due to disruptions were detected in 12 cases and defects due to deformations in seven cases. In addition there were 55 cases of different types of congenital disorders, in which no radiological abnormalities could be seen. The rest of the radiological findings were not related to congenital defects, but represented other skeletal changes (22 cases) or soft tissue changes (35 cases), such as teratoma, calcifications, pneumothorax and pneumopericardium. The proportion of congenital defects among the perinatal deaths is remarkable. In the present material they were the primary cause of death in 123 cases (24%). Despite their heterogeneous nature, an increasing number of aetiologically specific entities are being delineated. This is partly due to the increasing use of radiology in the study of perinatal deaths, as was the case in the delineation of the hydrolethalus syndromes in the present study. This is often important to the parents who need information on the recurrence risks of the defects for future pregnancies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3159331 TI - Suppressor cell function in renal failure and transplant patients. AB - Suppressor cell function was assessed in 13 patients with chronic renal failure not on dialysis, 10 patients on regular hemodialysis and 11 renal transplant patients by means of the Concanavalin A inducible Suppressor Cell Assay. The mean Suppression Index (S.I.) in the undialysed patients (0.76 +/- 0.39) and those of the dialysed patients (0.72 +/- 0.18) were not significantly different from the 25 healthy controls (0.68 +/- 0.22). However the S.I. in the renal transplant patients (1.11 +/- 0.41) was significantly different from the normal controls as well as the undialysed and dialysed patients. Although there was no correlation between S.I. and age, post transplant follow up period, serum creatinine concentration, prednisolone or azathioprine dosage it is likely that the cause of the impaired suppressor cell function was due to the immunosuppressive agents used. PMID- 3159332 TI - Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection can induce IgE production in rnu/rnu rats. AB - Although rnu/rnu homozygous athymic rats are generally considered to be entirely deficient in mature T cells and unable to produce any T-cell-dependent immune response, we were able to induce slight IgE production in some Nude rats after Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. This report stresses the importance of taking the greatest care in the use of congenitally athymic rnu/rnu rats, as strong stimulation can, in some individuals, induce reactions which are generally considered to be T-cell-dependent. Hypotheses explaining this phenomenon are suggested. PMID- 3159333 TI - Human cells allosensitized in vitro release soluble suppressor factors: presence of at least two distinct factors. AB - Human cells allosensitized in vitro release suppressor "factors" (SF) capable of inhibiting a primary mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Preincubation experiments with SF of either responders or stimulators in MLR suggested the presence of at least two distinct suppressor activities: one called SFR, acting on certain responders including the SF producer; the other called SFNR, acting on stimulators in all MLR. These activities can be separated using sorbents composed of monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibodies on the one hand and mouse or rabbit IgG on the other hand. SFR is found in the effluent and SFNR in the eluate of these sorbents. The SFNR-binding properties are shared by a murine suppressor factor called immunoglobulin-binding factor or IBF. Moreover SFNR, like IBF, is capable of suppressing a secondary in vitro IgG response through the species barrier. PMID- 3159334 TI - Motor neuron disease and adult hexosaminidase A deficiency in two families: evidence for multisystem degeneration. AB - We studied three patients from two unrelated families with adult hexosaminidase A deficiency. A 30-year-old, non-Jewish proband in the first family had juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that evolved to mild dementia, ataxia, and axonal (neuronal) motor-sensory peripheral neuropathy. A 36-year-old Jewish proband in the second family had "pure" spinal muscular atrophy. One supposedly healthy brother of the first proband was found to have borderline IQ, mild spasticity, and ataxia but no evidence of motor neuron disease. Marked cerebellar atrophy was detected by head scans in all three patients. In both probands electromyograms were characterized by prominent, complex repetitive discharges in many muscles. Hexosaminidase A activities against the artificial substrate were similar to those reported in infantile Tay-Sachs disease; however, the hexosaminidase A level against GM2 substrates was higher than that found in infantile Tay-Sachs disease. The hexosaminidase A levels of the parents were in the heterozygous range. Motor neuron disease in our patients and in those previously described appears to be part of a multisystem degeneration of the nervous system. PMID- 3159335 TI - Iron transport and serum resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 3159337 TI - Quantitation of ciprofloxacin in body fluids by high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - We describe a reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography method for the quantitation of a new quinoline carboxylic acid antimicrobial agent, ciprofloxacin (Bay o 9867). This assay utilizes the intrinsic fluorescence of ciprofloxacin for primary detection but employs UV absorption as a secondary detection system. Mobile phases contained methanol and phosphate buffer and used a common C18 mu Bondapak column. A single precipitation step of a 50-microliter specimen was the only sample preparation necessary. The assay is linear from 2,000 to 10 ng/ml and sensitive to 5 ng/ml. The mean recovery of ciprofloxacin from serum was 105.7%. The coefficient of variation was less than or equal to 3.1% for same-day precision and less than or equal to 6.3% for assay-to-assay precision. Because the assay requires only small specimen volumes and minimal sample preparation and because of its defined characteristics, this assay would be ideal for clinical trials and pharmacokinetics studies of ciprofloxacin. PMID- 3159338 TI - Investigation by pyrolysis mass spectrometry, phage pattern and plasmid analysis of staphylococci that have reverted from 'L'-phase to bacterial phase. AB - No major differences have been found in series of Staphylococcus aureus strains which reverted from 'L'-phase, either by pyrolysis mass spectrometry or by phage typing or sensitivity testing. In 'L'-phase they have been subcultured for a long time or transformed/reverted many times into/from 'L'-phase. Plasmids were lost during transformations/reversions, but there was some difference between the tetracycline-connected plasmids on the one hand and the erythromycin-connected ones on the other. PMID- 3159336 TI - Activities of pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin in experimentally induced Pseudomonas pneumonia in neutropenic guinea pigs. AB - Pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin are two new quinoline carboxylic acid derivatives that have activity in vitro against a wide range of gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using a well-standardized model of Pseudomonas pneumonia in neutropenic guinea pigs, we tested the efficacy in vivo of these new agents. Both were highly effective in increasing survival and decreasing bacterial counts in the lungs of surviving animals. Pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin were significantly better (P less than 0.05) than aminoglycosides or beta-lactams tested in prior studies with this model, and they were as effective as combination therapy with aminoglycosides and beta-lactams. Resistance to either ciprofloxacin or pefloxacin did not emerge during the study period. Further studies with these drugs in the therapy of Pseudomonas sp. infections are warranted. PMID- 3159339 TI - Effects of humic materials on virus recovery from water. AB - Humic and fulvic acids were tested for their ability to interfere with virus recovery by microporous filters. Two electropositively charged types of filter (Seitz S and Zeta Plus 60S) were used to concentrate poliovirus in the presence of humic materials. Humic acid inhibited virus adsorption, but even at the highest humic acid concentrations tested (200 mg/liter), 30 to 40% of the virus was recovered by the filters. Fulvic acid, tested with Zeta Plus filters, did not affect virus recovery. For comparison, two electronegatively charged filter types were tested (Cox and Balston). These two types of filter were more sensitive to interference at lower concentrations of humic acid than the more positively charged filters. With Balston filters, at humic acid concentrations above 10 mg/liter, most of the virus was recovered in the filtrate. Fulvic acid, tested with Balston filters, did not interfere with virus recovery. With the electropositively charged filters, the humic materials adsorbed efficiently, even at high input concentrations. Interference with virus adsorption occurred at humic acid concentrations which were below the level of saturation of the filters. In addition, in high-volume experiments, humic acid led to premature blockage of the filters. The efficiency of virus recovery by a second concentration step, organic flocculation of the filter eluate, was tested. For all the filter types tested, this procedure was not affected by the presence of humic or fulvic acid in the input water. PMID- 3159340 TI - Subcellular distribution of protein kinase C of GH3 cells: quantitation and characterization by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - Quantitative estimation of cytosolic Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (PKC) activity was performed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturating conditions (PAGE). With this method less than 50 micrograms of cytosol protein can be accurately quantitated for PKC activity. The amount of cytosolic PKC activity recovered after PAGE was comparable to the amount obtained by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Homogenization of GH3 cells in the presence of 2 mM EGTA/EDTA revealed that 80% of the total cellular PKC activity resided in the cytosol. However, omission of the ion chelator during cell disruption followed by subcellular fractionation and extraction of subcellular fractions by EDTA/EGTA showed that 80% of the total PKC was found in the lysosomal mitochondrial and microsomal extracts. Detailed analysis of PKC activities demonstrated that cytosolic PKC was identical with the PKC solubilized by EDTA/EGTA from subcellular fractions. In conclusion, GH3 cells appear to contain one species of PKC with an apparent molecular weight of 90,000 which seems to be associated with membranes via a calcium-dependent mechanism (or mechanisms). PMID- 3159341 TI - Ornithine transcarbamylase from Neurospora crassa: purification and properties. AB - Ornithine transcarbamylase catalyzes the synthesis of citrulline from carbamyl phosphate and ornithine. This enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of arginine in many organisms and participates in the urea cycle of mammals. The biosynthetic ornithine transcarbamylase has been purified from the filamentous fungus, Neurospora crassa. It was found to be a homotrimer with an apparent subunit molecular weight of 37,000 and a native molecular weight of about 110,000. Its catalytic activity has a pH optimum of 9.5 and Km's of about 5 and 2.5 mM for the substrates, ornithine and carbamyl phosphate, respectively, at pH 9.5. The Km's and pH optimum are much higher than those of previously characterized enzymes from bacteria, other fungi, and mammals. These unusual kinetic properties may be of significance with regard to the regulation of ornithine transcarbamylase in this organism, especially in the avoidance of a futile ornithine cycle. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against the purified enzyme. These antibodies and antibody raised against purified rat liver ornithine transcarbamylase were used to examine the structural similarities of the enzyme from a number of organisms. Cross-reactivity was observed only for mitochondrial ornithine transcarbamylases of related organisms. PMID- 3159342 TI - Subunit distribution of the sulfhydryl groups of the F1 adenosine triphosphatase of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The number of sulfhydryl groups in each subunit of the F1 adenosine triphosphatase of Salmonella typhimurium was measured by the method of T. E. Creighton [1980, Nature (London) 284, 487-489]. The alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon subunits of this enzyme contained 4, 1, 2, 2, and 0 sulfhydryl groups per molecule of subunit, respectively. PMID- 3159343 TI - Impairment of the calcium pump of human erythrocytes by divicine. AB - Divicine (2,6-diamino-4,5-dihydroxypyrimidine), an aglycone implicated in the pathogenesis of favism, produces a remarkable and consistent inactivation of the Ca2+-ATPase activity of the erythrocyte calcium pump. The patterns of inactivation are similar in normal and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient erythrocytes. Inactivation of Ca2+-ATPase is apparently unrelated to the cellular GSH system, to the proteolytic machinery of mature erythrocytes, and to calmodulin, and also occurs in hemoglobin-free, unsealed erythrocytes membranes at 50-100 microM concentrations of divicine. Analysis of erythrocytes that have escaped destruction during the acute hemolytic crisis of a number of favic patients revealed a dramatic elevation of erythrocyte calcium and a significant decrease of Ca2+-ATPase activity. These results support the view that divicine plays a toxic role in the pathogenesis of favism and suggest that acute electrolyte imbalances, mostly affecting calcium homeostasis, are involved in the mechanisms of erythrocyte damage and destruction in this hemolytic disease. PMID- 3159345 TI - [Therapeutic effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate in recurrent or advanced breast cancer]. AB - Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) was given to 25 cases of recurrent or advanced breast cancer in consecutive oral doses of 1,200 mg/day to evaluate its efficacy. Results in 22 evaluable cases were: CR in 5, PR in 6, NC in 3 and PD in 8 cases, response rate being 50% (11/22). Pretreatment of 11 cases with pharmacological endocrine therapy was effective in 7 cases, 4 of which were led to remission by MPA treatment. In 4 cases which did not respond to the pretreatment, 2 showed response to MPA. This suggests the appearance of a new method of treatment in addition to conventional endocrine therapy. Response rate of MPA in ER-positive cases was 60% (6/10); for ER-negative cases, MPA had no effect in the 3 cases studied. Response rate in postmenopausal patients was 39% (7/18). It is noticeable that MPA was effective in all of 4 premenopausal patients (CR1, PR3). A striking increase in weight was controlled after a full explanation before the study by a diet consisting mainly of staple food. PMID- 3159344 TI - Enhancement in the activities of mouse epidermal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase by 12-O tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. AB - The active ingredient in the tumor-promoting croton oil, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), was shown to increase the activity of mouse skin epidermal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (+84%), hexokinase (+100%), phosphofructokinase (+158%), and pyruvate kinase (+101%). This increase in activity of these key enzymes of glucose metabolism occurred 2-8 h after TPA application and was due to a net increase in the enzyme content. This increase in the activity of the glycolytic enzymes, as well as the reported TPA-induced increase in the synthesis of RNA and DNA and cell proliferation, suggest that activation of the glycolytic pathway may be involved in the carcinogenic effects of tumor promoters. PMID- 3159347 TI - [Experimental results of survivals with different dose schedule of 5-FU and 5' DFUR]. PMID- 3159346 TI - [Clinical evaluation of schizophyllan (SPG) in advanced gastric cancer (the second report)--a randomized controlled study]. AB - We reported previously that Schizophyllan (SPG) combined with MMC + 5-FU (MF regimen) or Tegafur (F regimen) had a significant life-prolonging effect over chemotherapeutic regimens in patients with inoperable and recurrent gastric cancer in a randomized controlled study. In the present paper, we have further investigated the effect of SPG on life-span followed-up for more than 2 years. A significant life-prolonging effect of SPG was reconfirmed in patients given either the MF regimen (154 patients) or the F regimen (213 patients). Thus, SPG combined with chemotherapeutics has proved to be useful for treating patients with inoperable and recurrent gastric cancer, resulting in a significant prolongation of life-span without serious side effects despite having no influence on tumor size. PMID- 3159348 TI - Is benzyl alcohol an allergen? PMID- 3159349 TI - Lymphocyte subsets in patients with compositae oleoresin dermatitis and increased UVA sensitivity during treatment with azathioprine. AB - Four patients with severe contact dermatitis resulting from compositae oleoresin were found to have increased sensitivity to ultraviolet light. All showed a clear reduction of Leu-3a-positive lymphocytes (T helper/inducer cells) and cells expressing the Ia phenotype in their blood. The numbers of T suppressor/cytotoxic (Leu 2a) lymphocytes, monocytes and B lymphocytes were within the normal range. Treatment with azathioprine (150 mg daily) improved the eczema. The number of Leu 3a-positive lymphocytes normalized during therapy, but the number of Ia-positive cells did not. PMID- 3159351 TI - Impaired histamine metabolism in the Arthus reaction induced in guinea-pig skin. AB - The activities of two histamine-metabolizing enzymes, histamine-N methyltransferase (HMT) and diamine oxidase (DAO), were examined in various types of experimentally induced cutaneous inflammations in guinea pigs. In intact guinea-pig skin, the specific activities of HMT and DAO were 24.8 +/- 1.7 pmol/min per milligram of protein or 0.930 +/- 0.097 pmol/min per milligram of the wet weight of skin specimen, and 6.0 +/- 0.7 pmol/min per milligram of protein or 0.189 +/- 0.011 pmol/min per milligram of the wet weight, respectively. Both enzyme activities were markedly reduced in skin lesions of the Arthus reaction (P less than 0.005), while those in dinitrochlorobenzene allergic dermatitis, croton-oil dermatitis, and the intact areas in Arthus-reaction induced animals were almost within the normal limits. The activity of HMT decreased linearly with time from the onset of the Arthus reaction, reaching about 20% of the control activity at 48 h; the activity of DAO decreased even from the early stages of the reaction, and this decrease continued throughout first 48 h of the reaction. These results suggest that impaired histamine metabolism in the skin lesions of the reaction plays a distinct role in the formation and development of the Arthus reaction. PMID- 3159350 TI - Suppressor-cell functions in bullous pemphigoid. AB - T Cells from 14 patients in the active stage of bullous pemphigoid and 10 patients in the inactive stage of the disease were studied with Leu-1, Leu-2, and Leu-3 monoclonal antibodies. The proportions of total T cells and T cells expressing either helper or suppressor phenotype in the peripheral blood of patients were not significantly different to those observed in normal subjects. In 15 patients with active disease, immunoregulatory mechanisms were functionally studied using an assay measuring the amount of total IgG synthesized in vitro. Peripheral-blood leukocytes were separated into T- and B-cell fractions, and cultured in various combinations. In ten experiments, prior to culturing with B cells, the T cells were irradiated to remove their suppressor function. No statistically significant differences were observed in the amount of total IgG synthesized by B cells obtained from patients and normal subjects when they were cultured with untreated T cells or irradiated T cells obtained from patients or normal controls. These results indicate that, in patients with bullous pemphigoid, there is no loss of suppressor-cell function or increased helper-cell function as assessed by measuring the total IgG synthesized. Therefore, the immunoregulatory defect, if present, is a highly specific one and can only be studied using antigen-specific assays. PMID- 3159352 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis and trauma: the medicolegal implications. A comparative study of patients with non-specific back pain. AB - Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) arising as a result of injury was reported by five of 113 hospital patients who completed questionnaires on the historical and symptomatic features of their disease. Identical questionnaires were given to a group of 51 patients with non-specific back pain (NSBP) attending an orthopaedic clinic. Five of these patients developed their first symptoms after trauma. A further four patients with ankylosing spondylitis believed that their disease was initiated by injury, however, x-ray photographs showed that they had already developed AS at the time of their injuries. It is suggested that injury does not cause AS but brings it to the patient's attention, possibly through immobilisation, in 7% of hospital cases. PMID- 3159353 TI - Comparison of prosthetic materials for abdominal wall reconstruction in the presence of contamination and infection. AB - Abdominal wall defects resulting from trauma, invasive infection, or hernia present a difficult problem for the surgeon. In order to study the problems associated with the prosthetic materials used for abdominal wall reconstruction, an animal model was used to simulate abdominal wall defects in the presence of peritonitis and invasive infection. One hundred guinea pigs were repaired with either polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) or polypropylene mesh (PPM). Our experiments included intra-operative contamination with Staphylococcus aureus. We found significantly fewer organisms (p less than 0.05) adherent to the PTFE than to the PPM when antibiotics were administered after surgery, as well as when no antibiotics were given. In the presence of peritonitis, we found no real difference in numbers of intraperitoneal bacteria present whether PTFE or PPM was used. In all instances, the PTFE patches produced fewer adhesions and were more easily removed. From these experiments, it appears that PTFE may be associated with fewer problems than PPM in the presence of contamination and infection. PMID- 3159355 TI - [Socio-medical problems of senescence]. AB - Epidemiological studies by international groups have shown a demographic structure which in Latin America, by the year 2000, will cause especially complex problems demanding important social, political and economic changes. Between them, they emphasize the overall increase of population size (more than doubling, from 280 to 600 million people), the large urban concentration (64% of the total population), with rural depopulation, on 18% decrease in fertility, and an increased life expectancy. With regard to this point, 36 Latin American and Caribean countries will have an average life expectancy of 65 years, and 19 of 70 years. Increased longevity, causing a large elderly population, is an achievment of civilisation, but is also an overwhelming problem. Biophysiological and psychological considerations of the ageing process are raised, as are the inherent problems of forced retirement, which have influence in working, emotional and family sheres, in a poorly-understanding society, too disorganized to provide help. This, by feedback, creates a special emotional deterioration in the elderly individual (considered for this purpose as being an age of more than 60 years for men, and 55 years for women), which is made considerably worse by increased incidence of illness. The need for, and importance of, social care for this group, which concalves health as part of the greater concept of wellbeing and quality of life, is emphasized. It shows how the modern concept of social welfare as part of the state, with reference to securing the wellbeing of the elderly, should not be a charity which is offered but an obligation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159354 TI - Postburn impaired cell-mediated immunity may not be due to lazy lymphocytes but to overwork. AB - After major trauma, including burns, patients develop a multitude of immunologic alterations, including impaired cellular immunity (CMI). Because of conflicting reports on the relationship of in vitro lymphocyte activity to the clinical course of burn patients, we studied CMI in 29 patients with a mean burn size of 41% and a mean age of 32 years. The patients' cellular response to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin and the ability of the patients' serum to suppress a normal lymphocyte mitogenic response were measured. The endogenous level of lymphocyte activity spontaneous blastogenic transformation (SBT) was measured immediately after the cells were harvested from the blood. During the first 72 hours postburn, the ability of the patients' cells to respond to mitogens in vitro decreased, while the endogenous activity (SBT) increased. Subsequent changes in the SBT, but not the mitogen-stimulated response, predicted sepsis. Although the patients' serum was mildly suppressive, these changes were not of statistical or clinical significance. It is postulated that the in vivo and in vitro CMI defects are not primarily due to a defect in the ability of the cell to be activated, but instead are due to exhaustion, desensitization, or down-regulation of these in vivo-activated cells. PMID- 3159356 TI - [Suppression, capture and modulation of ventricular parasystole]. AB - Few clinical studies have dealth with annihilation, entrainment and modulation of ventricular parasystolic rhythm. Parasystolic modulation was diagnosed in 9 nonmedicated patients because single, nonparasystolic beats falling during the initial 59% of the cycle prolonged the parasystolic cycle length (by 12 to 37.5%), whereas those that fell later in the cycle shortened it (by 9 to 25%). Plotting this prolongation or shortening as a function of the temporal position of the nonparasystolic beats in the cycle, yielded biphasic response curves. In two patients, episodes of concealed one-to-one entrainment were initiated by late nonparasystolic (sinus) beats and, later on, terminated by early ventricular extrasystoles. In 2 other patients, (and in 2 separate occasions) nonparasystolic beats, falling in part of the cycle located in between those of maximal delay and acceleration, produced pacemaker annihilation (cessation of automatic activity for the remaining monitoring time). Parasystolic annihilation and concealed entrainment may be one of the causes that can explain the large, spontaneous, day to-day variability in the incidence of ectopic ventricular beats reported in Holter recordings. PMID- 3159357 TI - [Echocardiographic study of valvular prosthesis]. AB - Eighty-six patients with valvular prosthesis (PV) were included in this study, 52 females and 34 males, from 9 to 55 years of age. The functional state of the PV was corroborated with catheterization, surgery or necropsy. The results of 92 PV were analyzed, of which 72 were in mitral position, including 49 dura mater valves (DMPV). In aortic position were 18, including 12 mechanical Bjork-Shilley (BS) and 2 in tricuspid position. The prostheses were classified in three groups: I. with regurgitation, II. with obstruction and III. without dysfunction. Of the 49 DMPV in mitral position 11 were in group I and 7 in group II. The echocardiogram revealed a diminished opening velocity in group II (255 +/- 41.2 mm/sec., P less than 0.001) as well as a diminished opening excursion (10.9 +/- 3.4 mm, P less than 0.02) and increased thickness of the leaflets (4.7 +/- 3.6 mm, P less than 0.05). Paradoxical interventricular septal movement was less frequent in group I (27.2%, P less than 0.05). Seventeen BS valves were in mitral position; of these 2 were classified in group I and the rest in group III, the opening velocity was increased (1200 mm/sec) in those of group I. None of the BS valves in aortic position were dysfunctional. No patients from group III died; mortality in groups I and II was 35%. In 5.1% of group III and 20% of groups I and II either no improvement or greater clinical deterioration was observed. PMID- 3159358 TI - [Analysis of the segmentary motility of the left ventricle by dimensional echocardiography in ischemic cardiopathy]. AB - In 30 patients with clinical diagnosis of ischemic heart disease, we correlated the segmental mobility of left ventricular walls as estimated by two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D Echo), and coronary arteriography findings. In consideration to the distribution of the coronary arteries, the left ventricular circle was divided in 5 sections: anterior interventricular septum, anterior wall, lateral wall, posterior wall and posterior interventricular septum. Each one of these walls were divided in three levels: basal, mid and apical, integrating 15 segments. Potentially we could study 450 segments, but it was only possible to examine 444 (98.6%) by 2-D Echo. In 26 patients in whom the coronary arteriography demonstrated ischemic heart disease, the 2-D Echo showed 100% sensitivity and specificity in recognizing the disease. In respect to the number of obstructed vessels, the sensitivity was the same and the specificity 66.6%. Regarding the location of the obstruction; the results of sensitivity and specificity were: for the left anterior descending 96% and 80% respectively, for the left circumflex 87% and 92% and for the right coronary artery 95% and 90%. In regard to the level of obstruction (proximal, mid or distal) the values were 88.6% and 81.8%. Finally, to recognize the presence of significant obstruction (75% or more) the sensitivity of 2-D Echo was 95% and the specificity 76.1%. It is concluded that the 2-D Echo is useful for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, the number of obstructed vessels, the location, the level and the degree of obstruction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159359 TI - [Evaluation and identification of the extension of acute myocardial infarct and its complications by bidimensional echocardiography]. AB - Fifty three consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction underwent two dimensional echocardiography 1-3 days after admission. In order to (1) determine if this procedure can detect regional ventricular asynergy in an unselected series of patients. (2) to determine whether the procedure can identify patients at high risk for cardiogenic shock, before the onset of hemodynamic deterioration and (3) to identify the inmmediate complications of acute myocardial infarction. For purposes of analysis of the present protocol, the ventricles were divided in a system of walls, segments and levels resulting in 22 potential regions. Technically satisfactory two-dimensional echocardiographic studies were obtained in 48 patients (90.56%). Of 1056 possible segments in the 48 patients all were deemed adequate for analysis. Akinesis was detected in 2 segments (0.18%), dyskinesis in 45 segments (4.26%), hypokinesis in 170 (16.09%), hyperkinesis 15 (1.42%) and normal 824 (78.03%). The more segments damaged were observed by two dimensional echo, the more clinical and hemodinamically compromised status of the patients was assessed. The immediate complications were as follows: Pericardial effusion 20 cases (45.45%), ventricular dyskinesis 14 (31.81%), mural thrombosis (13.63%) papillary muscle dysfunction 3 (16.81%) ruptured septum in 1 (2.27%). Thus two-dimensional echocardiography performed soon after admission to the coronary care unit is technically feasible, provides useful information concerning regional and global left ventricular function and offers important predictive information about patients early in acute myocardial infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159360 TI - [Subaortic stenosis in ankylosing spondylitis: a new hypothesis of cardiac involvement]. AB - Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory rheumatism with associated heart involvement, fundamentally circumscribed to the aortic root area. Of these anomalies, the fibrous proliferation of the supra and sub-valvular tissue appears to be pathognomonic. We present two cases of ankylosing spondylitis studied by means of bidimensional echocardiography. The study showed a fixed sub-aortic stenosis, without alterations of the mitral or aortic valves. In our opinion, the aortic subvalvular membrane, could constitute the initial alteration of the valvular affection of ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 3159361 TI - [Cardiac involvement in ankylosing spondylitis]. AB - Ankylosing spondylitis is a rheumatic disease that affects the axial skeleton and has predilection for young men. Of its extraarticular manifestations, the cardiac involvement, reported up to 48%, has been pointed out in recent years. It seems to exist a racial variation in the features of the spondylitis and since most of the studies have been performed in northern countries therefore it appears inadequate to extrapolate the conclusions of such studies to our society. We studied 23 patients with definitive diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis. All of them had a complete physical examination, electrocardiography and X-ray of the chest; eight patients underwent a Holter study of 24 hours and seven patients were examined by echocardiography. The mean age of the group was 36 years; there were 21 men and two women. The mean duration of the rheumatic disease was 11.5 years. In only 4 (17.4%) of the patients we found cardiac involvement that would not be related to another etiology. By the clinic examination we found two patients with isolated aortic insufficiency; one case had a right bundle branch block. The Holter study did not show modifications, except in the one with isolated aortic insufficiency and right bundle branch block, in whom this block became of variable degree. The echocardiographic study showed the mentioned aortic valvular lesions and did reveal the same lesion in another patient in which the other studies were normal. It is emphasized that it is adequate to search for signs of ankylosing spondylitis in every patient with isolated aortic insufficiency or/and conduction disturbances of unknown etiology and also to performe cardiac careful in each patient with ankylosing spondylitis examination. PMID- 3159362 TI - [The heart and ankylosing spondylitis]. AB - We studied 40 consecutive patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis from the cardiological point of view through non-invasive methods. Fourteen (35%) patients had some kind of cardiovascular complication as shown by any of the used methods. a) SYMPTOMS: fifteen (37.5%) refered nonspecific chest pain, five (12.5%) dyspnea on exertion and four (10%) frecuent palpitations. b) PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: two patients (5%) had aortic regurgitation and two (5%) mitral valve disease. c) Electrocardiogram: in seven (17.5%), left ventricular hypertrophy was detected, in two (5%) left atrial hypertrophy and in seven (17.5%) some type of conduction disturbance. d) Chest X Ray: six (15%) had left ventricular hypertrophy, one (2.5%) left atrial hypertrophy and two (5%) dilated ascending aorta. e) Echocardiogram: two cases (5%) had aortic dilatation and other two (5%), mitral valve disease. In three patients (7.5%) pericardial effusion was found, which in our series, it is more frecuent than has been reported up until now in the literature. PMID- 3159364 TI - [Is preoperative cardiac catheterization indispensable in all patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis?]. PMID- 3159363 TI - [Electric signs of experimental pericarditis]. AB - Utilizing 25 mongrel dogs, we studied the electrocardiographic (direct and surface records) and lesional changes induced by the instillation of 7.5% Methyl salicilate solution and by the acute pericardial effusion produced by the injection of 50 ml of mixed blood-saline solution. Ten unipolar records on the parietal pericardium, right atrium, right and left intraventricular unipolar leads and cavitary tensional curves were obtained. Light and electronic microscopy changes were analized in 11 cases. The anatomical data showed pericardial hemorrhage and injury of 3 to 6 lines of superficial myocytes. On ECG (direct and surface leads) an elevation of RST-T was observed from chest and pericardial unipolar leads and depressed ST in the chambers of the heart, and from a VR and a VL. RST-T displacement as well as developing negative T waves were outstanding on the rigth chest leads (V5R to V3R), on the left (V4-to V6), in DII, DIII, aVF and abdominal leads. A straight RST-T elevation with notch at the juntional point was observed, suggesting atrial injury. No alteration of intrinsic or intrinsicoid velocity were apparent. All of these signs, together with depressed ST in leads aVR and unipolar right chamber leads are signs which suggest pericardial involvement. The P wave became bimodal on the middle chest leads and +/- on right chest leads indicating atrial damage (68%). Thus, an RST-T upward displacement in V3R-V4R, can be a sign of pericarditis as well as right ventricular infarction. The pressure curves were altered only by artificial acute effusion: RA = 20.6, pericardial sac 20.6 and late diastolic of RV = 13.2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159365 TI - Cardiotoxicity of high doses of isoproterenol on cardiac haemodynamics and metabolism in SHR and WKY rats. AB - The haemodynamic and metabolic effects on the heart due to high doses of isoproterenol were compared in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. In baseline conditions, the hypertrophied SHR heart displayed perfectly constant haemodynamics but had fewer energy reserves than the WKY heart. Isoproterenol (2 X 25 mg/kg, s.c.) caused high mortality, myocardial ischaemia, and heart failure in the SHR. These effects were accompanied by anaerobic metabolism. In the WKY rats, on the other hand, isoproterenol caused no changes in ST-segment elevation and no cardiac insufficiency; in addition, aerobic metabolism was maintained. A marked drop in coronary perfusion pressure and excessive accumulation of calcium in the myocardium account, in part, for the effects seen in the SHR. The results indicate that isoproterenol-induced heart failure in the SHR might be a useful model for selecting compounds designed to treat this disease. PMID- 3159366 TI - Hypotensive action of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), a reported serotonin receptor agonist, was found to produce drops both in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate in unanesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats. The hypotensive episodes were elicited whether the compound was given intraperitoneally (minimum hypotensive dose = 0.02 mg/kg), orally (7.5 mg/kg or intracerebroventricularly (0.014 mg/kg). No bradycardia, however, was elicited following intracerebral infusions of 8-OH-DPAT. The bradycardia and hypotension were moderate in duration (1-4 hr). The serotonin receptor blocking agents cyproheptadine (5 mg/kg i.p.) and methergoline (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) failed to reduce either of the cardiovascular actions of 8-OH-DPAT. Methiothepin (0.5 mg/kg), another serotonin receptor blocker which produces falls in MAP itself, failed to attenuate 8-OH-DPAT-induced hypotension, but did block 8-OH-DPAT-induced bradycardia. 8-OH-DPAT exerts potent hypotensive and bradycardic effects in the unanesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rat. Whether this effect is the result of serotonin receptor activation is not yet clear. PMID- 3159367 TI - [Complications of transluminal coronary angioplasty. A multicenter French study (1983)]. AB - The authors report the complications observed during 1 247 transluminal coronary angioplasties (TCA) performed in 1 187 patients in 17 french centers between 1979 and October 1983. There were 855 primary successes (68.9 p. 100). There were 41 cases of symptomatic dissection (3.3 p. 100) of which 32 underwent aortocoronary bypass surgery with a residual myocardial infarction (MI) in 13 cases (40.6 p. 100). Medical treatment of symptomatic dissection gave very poor results (7 out of 9 MI) and is formally contra-indicated. 67 per- or postoperative occlusions were observed (5.3 p. 100). This is the most serious complication which necessitates an emergency revascularisation procedure (TCA or coronary bypass surgery--CBS--) because MI rapidly follows in patients without a well-developed collateral circulation. In this series MI occurred in 28 out of 45 patients--62 p. 100--despite CBS. This underlines the value of an immediate repeat TCA which, when successful, results in a much faster revascularisation. Seventy-three MI (5.8 p. 100) were observed in the first 24 hours: 50 p. 100 were secondary to an angiographically documented coronary occlusion. The other two causes were coronary dissection and spasm. Emergency CBS was carried out in 107 cases (8.9 p. 100) mainly for coronary occlusion or symptomatic dissection. The mortality was 11 out of 1 187 patients (0.93 p. 100). Death occurred in the catheter laboratory in 3 cases, during the first 24 hours in the operating theatre in 1 case, and after the first 24 hours but before hospital discharge in 7 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159368 TI - [Changes in left ventricular dP/dt during transluminal coronary angioplasty]. AB - The authors studied changes of LV dP/dt during transcutaneous coronary angioplasty (TCA). The aim of the study was to detect the alterations of LV function during coronary occlusion and to evaluate the immediate effects of PCA on myocardial function. Six patients with incapacitating angina and isolated left anterior descending disease were successfully treated by TCA using Gruntzig's technique. The study protocol included several recording sequences per patient during the phases of balloon inflation at progressively increasing pressures from 2 to 10 hours. Each sequence comprised a recording under basal conditions and every 5 seconds during inflation (20 seconds) and deflation (45 seconds) of the following parameters: heart rate, aortic and LV pressures, positive and negative peaks of LV dP/dt, and the intracoronary pressure gradient at the beginning and the end of each sequence. The first part of the results based on 27 recorded sequences analysed the bad effects of myocardial ischaemia; coronary occlusion induced a significant fall (p less than 0.01) in the positive and negative peak dP/dt values and on elevation (p less than 0.01) in LV end diastolic pressure, without affecting LV systolic pressure or heart rate. These changes have the following characteristics: they are early, occurring within seconds of coronary occlusion; they affect LV contraction and relaxation simultaneously, but the effects are more marked on LV relaxation; the severity is proportional to the duration of occlusion; they are totally reversible; the disturbances of relaxation return to normal more quickly than those of contraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159369 TI - [Prevalence, signification and prognosis of auricular arrhythmia in dilated myocardiopathies. Apropos of 236 cases]. AB - A population of 236 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) was studied and followed up for an average of 38.8 +/- 27 months. The most common atrial arrhythmia was atrial fibrillation (AF) which was observed in 27 p. 100 of cases. Patients with AF (n = 43) and without it (n = 193) at the time of diagnosis were compared: the subjects with AF were older (p = 0.036), had a higher left ventricular ejection fraction and lower end diastolic pressures (p = 0.022). AF was associated with mitral valve prolapse (p = 0.007) and with signs of adiastole (p = 0.0015); the most significantly correlated variable was echocardiographic dilatation of the left atrium (p = 0.0012). AF was the presenting symptom of DCM in 13 cases (5.5 p. 100); in 10 cases (4 p. 100) it was the main clinical and therapeutic problem, realizing an arrhythmic form of DCM. Electrical conversion was successful in 7 out of 11 patients with a 2 year follow-up: 3 patients remained in sinus rhythm for over 6 years and have no clinical symptoms, posing the problem of the dominant if not exclusive underlying role of AF in these cases of DCM. An example illustrated by several echocardiographic examinations is presented. Embolic complications were observed in a quarter of the cases with AF and this arrhythmia was present in half the patients with embolic phenomena. However, the prognosis in the groups with and without AF was not significantly different. PMID- 3159370 TI - [Value and limitations of pulsed Doppler echocardiography in the determination of pressure gradients in children]. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of pulsed Doppler echocardiography in assessing pressure gradients in children despite the theoretical limitations of this technique in the measurement of high velocity blood flow (due mainly to the phenomenon of "aliasing"). 20 patients with an average age of 6.7 years (range 3 months to 19 years) were studied by 2D echocardiography and pulsed Doppler within 48 hours of cardiac catheterisation. Valvular stenosis was present in 14 cases (aortic, 7, pulmonary, 7). There were 3 cases of infundibular obstruction and 2 vascular stenosis (coarctation of the aorta and stenosis of a branch of the pulmonary artery). One patient had stenosis at the origin of a prosthetic tube graft. The gradient was estimated from the Doppler flow curves using simplified Bernoulli formula (P = 4 X maximal jet velocity). In 17 patients (gradients of 20 to 90 mmHg) an excellent correlation was observed between the pulsed Doppler and haemodynamic results (r = 0.90). In 3 cases with gradients over 80 mmHg it was not possible to quantify the gradient but pulsed Doppler fixed an inferior limit of 80 mmHg. Therefore, using a 3 or 2.25 MHz probe at the low depths of investigation encountered in childhood, pulsed Doppler gave a reliable indication of pressure gradients less than or equal to 80 mmHg. These results and the non-invasive nature of the method make pulsed Doppler a particularly interesting complementary examination in children or babies with stenotic cardiac lesions. PMID- 3159372 TI - [Non invasive measurement of the cerebral blood flow in infants with hydrocephalus]. AB - The present study was undertaken to verify by a non invasive Doppler technique the effect of ventricular dilatation on cerebral blood flow in infants with hydrocephalus. The measurement of pulsatile flow in cerebral arteries is also a valuable parameter for determination of optimal timing of corrective intervention. PMID- 3159373 TI - Aerobic energy expenditure of handicapped children after training. AB - The effect is reported of a 10-week physical training program, consisting of three sessions with a total duration of two hours weekly, on the physical work capacity and efficiency of physically handicapped children aged 8 to 14 years. The program for the experimental group (n = 6) was an intensification of the usual school physical education activities. The control group (n = 5) received the usual physical education. The intensity of training was measured by heart rate recording. In the experimental group attempts were made to achieve heart rate values higher than 160 beats/min as long as possible. The relationship of oxygen uptake (VO2) to heart rate and to workload was determined before and after the end of the training program by submaximal bicycle ergometer tests. After the training program a significant decrease in VO2 at different workloads was found (delta oxygen uptake/delta workload remained unchanged). No effect of the training program on the relationship of oxygen uptake and heart rate was found. The implication of this study is that the children can perform the same amount of external work after training as before training but with a lower expenditure of aerobic energy. The decrease of the oxygen uptakes for the workloads used could be induced by enhanced coordination of movement. PMID- 3159371 TI - [Large aneurysm of the left heart, an unusual cause of cardiomegaly in children]. AB - Idiopathic left ventricular aneurysms are rare in childhood as are the congenital epigastric muscular diverticula which form part of a complex congenital malformation. The aneurysms are usually symptomatic and present either with cardiac failure or another complication. The authors report a very rare case in which the aneurysm effectively realised a double chamber left ventricle. The aneurysm was larger than the true ventricle, muscular, lined by normal endocardium and covered by coronary vessels. Surgical ablation was indicated for cardiac failure. Two similar cases have been previously reported. PMID- 3159374 TI - Grant application and review procedures of the National Institute of Handicapped Research: survey of applicant and peer reviewer opinions. AB - A mail survey was conducted to document the experience, critical comments, and recommendations of a sample of applicants and peer reviewers who participated in the 1983 grantee selection process conducted by the National Institute of Handicapped Research. Questionnaires were sent to 46 applicants and 36 peer reviewers who participated in seven priority areas involving competition for either a research and training center or a rehabilitation engineering center. Questionnaires were returned by 37 (80%) of the applicants and 27 (75%) of the reviewers. The peer reviewers were generally more satisfied with their experience. Their negative criticism was concerned largely with the excessiveness of the work load. The reviewers were unanimous in stating that federal personnel made no effort to influence their judgments. The majority of applicants agreed that the criteria for evaluating proposals were stated clearly, but they disagreed with how some of the criteria were weighted. The applicants' strongest dissatisfaction was with the time allowed to prepare applications and with the selection of peer reviewers. Analysis of the collective publication record of successful applicants and of the peer reviewers indicated that the reviewers had contributed significantly less to the literature of the relevant priority area. PMID- 3159375 TI - Skill evaluator and trainer for electrically operated devices: an evaluation of the SET. AB - Our hypothesis was that the abilities of disabled people to control electrically powered assistive devices could be reliably and objectively assessed by means of a portable, lightweight and inexpensive device, the Skill Evaluator and Trainer (SET), and that training on the SET would improve skill. Our approach was to use SET with a variety of interfaces and subject groups. SET produced a valid assessment of the skills of disabled people with particular interfaces, it improved skills when used as a training aid, and it was well accepted by clients and therapists. PMID- 3159376 TI - [Mobile laboratory for research on rush biopsies]. AB - The description of a histological laboratory based on the sanitary car "RAF 22031" is presented. Such a laboratory is created for the first time and ensures an urgent histological diagnostics during surgical operations in the hospital in which the department of pathology with a histological laboratory is lacking. PMID- 3159377 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of the parenchymatous and stromal components and their interrelationship in breast cancer]. AB - Ultrastructure of the epithelial components of mammary carcinoma is well studied; detection of the organ and tissue specific features enables the differential diagnostics with tumours of different histogenesis both in the metastatic nodes and in the mammary tumour tissue. Moreover, establishing a certain complex of the electron microscopic features for separate histological variants of mammary carcinoma favours the differential diagnostics between them. Including the ultracytochemical methods into the investigation complex will give an opportunity to clarify the role of some enzymes in he tumour growth. A detailed study of the mammary carcinoma stromal component will help in determining the function of tumour tissue. PMID- 3159378 TI - Treatment of renal artery stenosis with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 3159379 TI - Monitoring the collateral effects of leisure skill instruction: a case study in multiple-baseline methodology. PMID- 3159380 TI - Enhancing acne medication compliance: a comparison of strategies. PMID- 3159381 TI - Biochemical and morphological study of cardiac hypertrophy. Effects of thyroxine on enzyme activities in the rat myocardium. AB - Experimental hyperthyroidism induced in rats by daily injections of 3,3',5,5' tetraiode-L-thyroxine (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) for 14 days resulted in a significant increase in heart weight and heart weight/body weight ratio. Hemodynamic and morphological studies were performed in one group. Thyroxine-treated rats showed a characteristic cardiovascular hyperdynamic state, such as tachycardia and augmented rate of contraction, but no evidence of heart failure such as elevated end-diastolic pressures. The cardiac cells in hyperthyroid rats had a significantly larger diameter and more mitochondria than did those of the control rats. In another group the activities of cardiac enzymes involved in energy utilization and liberation were measured biochemically and compared with those of normal controls. Hyperthyroidism resulted in increased specific activity of cytochrome C oxidase and actomyosin ATPase in the myocardium. The specific activity of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase, carnitine palmityl-transferase, carnitine acetyltransferase, malate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase showed a moderate to marked increment, whereas the specific activity of lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase remained at the control values. These results suggest that in hyperthyroid rat hearts the functions of both energy liberation and utilization systems are enhanced to meet the added workload. Moreover, the increased activity of the enzymes participating in fatty acid metabolism suggest that in thyroxine-induced hypertrophic and hyperdynamic rat hearts, fatty acids contribute more to the energy supply than do carbohydrates. PMID- 3159383 TI - Characterization of protein kinase C and its role in catecholamine secretion from bovine adrenal-medullary cells. AB - Protein kinase C activity towards exogenous histone was detected in a cytosolic fraction of bovine adrenal medulla. The enzyme was dependent on Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine for its activity, with half-maximal activation being achieved at approx. 18 microM free Ca2+ and 8 micrograms of phosphatidylserine/ml. Both diolein and 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) decreased the Ca2+ requirement of the enzyme, half-maximal activation being obtained at approx. 12 microM and 9 microM free Ca2+ respectively in the presence of these agents. Many endogenous proteins in the adrenal-medullary cytosolic fraction were detected whose phosphorylation was dependent on the presence of both Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine. TPA stimulated catecholamine release from cultured bovine adrenal-chromaffin cells in a Ca2+-dependent manner. A23187 also stimulated catecholamine secretion, and at sub-optimal concentrations of TPA and A23187 a synergistic secretory response was obtained. These results are consistent with protein kinase C having a regulatory role in exocytosis in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. PMID- 3159382 TI - Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric study of metabolites of C21 and C19 steroids in neonatal porcine testicular microsomes. AB - Microsomal fractions obtained from testes of 3-week-old piglets have been incubated, separately, with progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 5-pregnene-3 beta,20 beta-diol, 16 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, 5-androstene-3 beta,17 alpha diol and dehydro-epiandrosterone. The metabolites, after derivatization, have been separated by capillary gas chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry. Quantification was by selected ion monitoring. Progesterone was shown to be 17-hydroxylated and also converted into 4,16-androstadien-3-one (androstadienone). The major metabolite of 17-hydroxyprogesterone was 4 androstene-3,17-dione (4-androstenedione), but little, if any, androstadienone was formed, indicating that this particular biosynthesis did not require 17 hydroxylation. The metabolites of 5-pregnene-3 beta, 20 beta-diol were found to be 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 3 beta-hydroxy-5,16-pregnadien-20-one (16 dehydropregnenolone) and 5,16-androstadien-3 beta-ol. Dehydroepiandrosterone and 5-androstene-3 beta,17 alpha-diol were interconvertible but neither steroid acted as a substrate for 16-androstene formation. However, dehydroepiandrosterone was metabolized to a small quantity of 4-androstenedione. Under the conditions used, no metabolites of 16 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone could be detected. The present results, together with those obtained earlier, indicate that the neonatal porcine testis has the capacity to synthesize weak androgens, mainly by the 4-en-3-oxo steroid pathway. Although 16-androstenes cannot be formed from C19 steroids, progesterone served as a substrate and may be converted directly to androstadienone, without being 17-hydroxylated first. The pathway to 5,16 androstadien-3 beta-ol, however, involves 17-hydroxypregnenolone and 16 dehydropregnenolone as intermediates. PMID- 3159384 TI - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is not effective in releasing calcium from skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum microsomes. AB - Regulation of many cell systems has been shown to be mediated by Inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate which causes a release of calcium from intracellular sites. We have shown that release of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum microsomes was not stimulated by IP3. The phorbol ester, TPA, also had no effect on Ca2+ release or Ca2+ ATPase activity. Thus, it is unlikely that the breakdown of polyphosphatidylinositides serves as a second messenger to mediate release of Ca2+ in skeletal muscle. PMID- 3159385 TI - Inositol triphosphate-induced Ca2+ release from human platelet membranes. AB - Inositol (1,4,5) triphosphate (IP3) was observed to induce release of sequestered Ca2+ from crude human platelet membranes. This activity was also shown to be present in purified membranes enriched in Ca2+-ATPase activity. Maximal Ca2+ release occurred at 8 microM IP3 and half maximal activity was at 0.4 microM. Release was quite rapid and was complete by 40 s. Released Ca2+ was pumped back into the membrane vesicles and the rate of this reuptake was increased by the presence of phosphate. These results demonstrate that internal platelet membranes that possess an active Ca2+-pump will release sequestered Ca2+ in the presence of the second messenger IP3. IP3 did not induce release of Ca2+ from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum when ATP was present. PMID- 3159386 TI - Existence of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in kidney. AB - Using a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for alpha-atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-ANP), we have demonstrated the presence of alpha-rat ANP-like immunoreactivity (alpha-rANP-LI) in the rat kidney which is considered to be a target organ for atrial natriuretic polypeptides released from the heart. Most of alpha-rANP-LI was localized in the cortex. High performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with the RIA revealed that renal alpha-rANP-LI was eluted at the position of a low molecular weight form corresponding to alpha-rANP without detectable amounts of high molecular weight forms. This is in contrast to the observation that gamma-rANP, a high molecular weight form of 13k daltons, is the dominant form of alpha-rANP-LI in the rat atrium. In water-deprived rats, the concentration and content of alpha-rANP-LI in the kidney showed a significant decrease compared with control rats. In addition, the alpha-rANP-LI concentration and content in this organ revealed a substantial decrease after perfusion with physiological saline. These results indicate the existence of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) in the kidney and suggest that part of renal ANP may originate from the heart. PMID- 3159387 TI - Immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor (IR-ANF) in human plasma. AB - A direct radioimmunoassay for ANF in human plasma was developed. A synthetic alpha-human atrial peptide (Ser 99-Tyr 126) was used for preparation of the iodinated tracer and the standards. The sensitivity of the method is 1.9 pg/ml. Concentration of immunoreactive ANF (IR-ANF) in plasma of 59 clinically normal subjects was 65.3 +/- 2.5 pg/ml (mean +/- SE). In two patients who underwent atrial pacing an increase of about 100 percent in circulating IR-ANF was observed. IR-ANF was extracted from human plasma by Vycor glass and purified by HPLC. The main immunoreactive isolated peak contained a low molecular weight peptide. PMID- 3159388 TI - Nitroglycerin stimulates the sarcolemmal Ca++-extrusion ATPase of coronary smooth muscle cells. PMID- 3159389 TI - Effects of diazinon on nucleotide and amino acid contents of chick embryos. Teratogenic considerations. AB - The effects of diazinon (DZN), an organophosphorus (OP) insecticide, and nicotinamide (Nam) on the pyridine nucleotide, purine and pyrimidine ribonucleotides, and free alpha amino acid contents of chick embryos were determined. The teratogen (DZN) and/or the anti-teratogen (Nam) were administered by the intravitelline route to chicken eggs at day 3 of incubation, and nucleotide and amino acid analyses were made on acid-soluble extracts of homogenates of the embryos at day 10. The results show that the amounts of both the oxidized and reduced forms of NAD and NADP were decreased by the insecticide and restored by Nam. The amounts of the purine and pyrimidine ribonucleotides in the embryos were also decreased by DZN but their changes were proportionately not as great as those of the pyridine nucleotides. The levels of the purine and pyrimidine ribonucleotides were also wholly or partially restored by Nam. Neither DZN nor Nam had any effect on the "energy charge" of the embryos. The levels of free tryptophan (TRP) and histidine (HIS) were decreased by DZN while the levels of threonine (THR) and aspartic acid (ASP) were increased. All other amino acid levels remained virtually unchanged in response to DZN or Nam. Based upon these findings, a possible involvement of TRP in OP insecticide-induced micromelia, parrot beak, and abnormal feathering in chick embryos is considered. PMID- 3159390 TI - Effects of dihydropyridine derivatives and anticonvulsant drugs on [3H]nitrendipine binding and calcium and sodium fluxes in brain. AB - The binding of [3H]nitrendipine to rat cortical membranes was reduced by phenytoin, phenobarbital, and pentobarbital. The IC50 values were 0.09, 0.40, and 0.76 mM respectively. The drugs reduced the apparent binding affinity of [3H]nitrendipine with little effect on the maximum number of binding sites. The inhibitory effects of the drugs were similar in the absence and presence of calcium (4.5 mM). Neither nimodipine (10(-8) to 10(-5) M) nor nifedipine (10(-8) to 10(-7) M) altered the voltage-dependent uptake of 45Ca2+ by synaptosomes from rat cortex. Phenytoin inhibited 45Ca2+ influx, and this inhibition was not altered by nifedipine. Nimodipine and nifedipine (10(-6) M) produced a small inhibition of the voltage-dependent uptake of 24Na+ by synaptosomes. Ethanol, phenytoin or pentobarbital reduced 24Na+ influx, and this action was not altered by nimodipine. Thus, sedative-anticonvulsant drugs reduced the binding of dihydropyridines to brain membranes, but these interactions did not appear to involve either calcium or sodium channels. PMID- 3159391 TI - The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction is decreased in Freund's adjuvant injected rats of arthritis-susceptible and -insusceptible strains. AB - We examined the T-non-T cell autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) of spleen cells from rats with arthritis induced by Freund's complete adjuvant in an effort to establish an animal model for the study of the relationship between the AMLR and autoimmune disease. We found that the splenic T-non-T AMLR was markedly decreased in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis and that this decrease was mediated by suppressor cells within the nylon-wool-adherent stimulator cell population. However, we also found a similar decrease in the AMLR of arthritis resistant Fisher 344 rats that received Freund's complete adjuvant but did not develop arthritis. Control animals with local inflammation induced by turpentine, a non-arthritogenic inflammatory substance, had normal AMLR, whereas other controls given Freund's incomplete adjuvant, also a non-arthritogenic substance, had a modest responder cell-mediated decrease in AMLR. These studies help to clarify the relationship between the decreased AMLR and the pathogenesis of adjuvant-induced arthritis by demonstrating that: 1) the acute-phase inflammatory response does not reduce the AMLR; and 2) the decreased AMLR can occur in the absence of overt autoimmune disease. This latter observation calls into question the proposed pathogenetic relationship between the AMLR and autoimmune disease states. PMID- 3159392 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus and Down's syndrome. PMID- 3159393 TI - Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Effects of an atherogenic diet during the neonatal and juvenile period. AB - The effect on the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum of an atherogenic (1% cholesterol) diet fed during the neonatal vs the juvenile period of life was studied in Yorkshire swine. Male piglets were randomly assigned at birth to 1 of 4 groups: group I (control), group II (lactation feeding), group III (juvenile period feeding) and group IV (lactation and juvenile feeding). All animals were killed at 55 weeks of age and cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) isolated for assay of calcium uptake, Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPase activity, and lipid analysis by thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography. The amount of cholesterol/mg SR protein and the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio were higher in the animals fed during lactation (groups II and IV) and lower in those fed only during the juvenile period (group III). Phospholipid fatty acid patterns as measured by gas chromatography were unaltered in any group. Calcium uptake was markedly diminished in all experimental conditions: group II 47%, group III 65% and group IV 96%. Compared to the observed changes in calcium transport, the ATP hydrolytic activity was relatively less affected. Only in group IV a significant decrease (41%) was seen. Groups II and III show no change in ATP hydrolytic activity. The decrease in calcium uptake and altered cholesterol/phospholipid ratio without effect on ATP hydrolytic activity is consistent with an uncoupling of calcium transport related to the atherogenic diet in early life. PMID- 3159395 TI - [The pediatric chart]. PMID- 3159396 TI - [Domiciliary surveys of the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis. Relative costs of successive visits]. PMID- 3159394 TI - Pathway of the microtubule-dynein ATPase and the structure of dynein: a comparison with actomyosin. AB - Dynein and myosin show several important similarities in design as well as some interesting differences in detail. Both ATPases function as crossbridges that undergo microscopic movements to drive the sliding of filaments, which results in macroscopic movements. They share a common design employing globular heads attached to flexible strands. Each head contains one ATP-binding site and one filament-binding site, and the binding of ATP induces an extremely rapid dissociation of the crossbridge-filament "rigor" complex. Following ATP hydrolysis, which is readily reversible, the crossbridge reassociates with the filament and returns to its original state with the release of products. Thus, the nucleotide-induced changes in conformation are effectively used to couple the hydrolysis of ATP to the dissociation and reassociation of the crossbridge in order to produce a force for net movement according to the Lymn-Taylor-Eisenberg model. The utilization of nucleotide-binding energy to induce a change in conformation can be rationalized in terms of our understanding of enzyme catalysis in general, whereby substrate binding energy is used to induce a change in conformation that stabilizes the transition state for catalysis. In these crossbridge ATPases, the substrate-induced change in conformation also serves to weaken the crossbridge-filament interaction. The pathway is symmetrical, with a return to the tight (filament) binding state coupled to product release. The ball on a string design may provide a reasonable basis to explain how a unidirectional force is obtained from a symmetrical cycle; opposite changes in conformation with the binding and release of the nucleotide produce a significant force only when pulling on the flexible strand. Moreover, the very rapid dissociation of the crossbridge following ATP binding limits the time that a negative force is in effect and also prevents a rigor crossbridge from retarding the sliding movements generated by other crossbridges. Myosin and dynein exhibit nearly identical kinetic constants governing ATP binding and the ATP-induced dissociation of the crossbridge. These appear as invariant steps that may reflect the basic principles of enzyme catalysis as applied to the mechanochemical cycle. The rates of ATP hydrolysis and synthesis by myosin and dynein differ slightly, but in each case the reactions are readily reversible with an equilibrium constant less than one. Steps involving the loss and rebinding of products occur at rates two to three orders of magnitude faster for dynein than for myosin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3159397 TI - [Perception of mental illness through short stories]. PMID- 3159398 TI - Identification of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in mixed lymphocyte cultures. AB - 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid was identified in lymphocyte cultures during allogeneic stimulation. The metabolite and the synthetic product have identical HPLC retention times, fluorescence spectra, fluorescence intensities as a function of pH value and electrochemical behaviour. PMID- 3159399 TI - [Stress-limiting systems of the body and their role in preventing ischemic cardiac lesions]. PMID- 3159400 TI - [The heart in malignant arterial hypertension: comparison of the results of morphological and electrocardiographic studies]. AB - The electrocardiographic changes in patients with malignant arterial hypertension verified by the results of the pathoanatomic heart study have been analysed. The authors suggest a new classification of coronary arteries involvement in malignant hypertension. The informative value of Sokolov-Layon's criteria in malignant arterial hypertension is discussed. PMID- 3159401 TI - [Immunohepatologic and clinical monitoring of neuramide therapy in acute viral hepatitis B]. AB - The authors carried out a double blind therapeutic trial with neuramide in 20 drug addicts affected by acute type B anti-delta negative viral hepatitis. The H/S ratio together with the most important clinical and hepatological parameters seem to improve following treatment. PMID- 3159403 TI - 'The use of midazolam for intravenous sedation in general dental practice'. PMID- 3159404 TI - Notes on AIDS. PMID- 3159402 TI - Treatment with sulfinpyrazone of essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. AB - Platelet production time (PPT), circulating platelet aggregates (CPA ratio) and plasma beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG) were determined in patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC) before and after two months' treatment with sulfinpyrazone. Sulfinpyrazone determined a clinical improvement in 8 of the 16 patients. Basal PPT and CPA ratio were reduced compared with normal values but not significantly; after sulfinpyrazone treatment both PPT and CPA ratio increased to normal levels. High plasma beta TG levels were found before and after treatment. These data suggest that in some cases of EMC there is a picture of in vivo platelet activation, but with the small number of patients it was not possible to evaluate a possible correlation between platelet hyperactivity and the clinical picture. PMID- 3159405 TI - 'The use of midazolam for intravenous sedation in general dental practice'. PMID- 3159406 TI - Midazolam in dentistry. PMID- 3159407 TI - Comparison of diazepam and midazolam for sedation during local anaesthesia for bronchoscopy. AB - Bronchoscopy was performed in 76 outpatients using local anaesthesia plus diazepam 0.2 mg kg-1 i.v. or midazolam 0.05 or 0.1 mg kg-1 i.v. Patient co operation and ease of bronchoscopy were good in all patients. Two hours after injection, 67% (diazepam 0.2 mg kg-1), 36% (midazolam 0.05 mg kg-1) and 75% (midazolam 0.1 mg kg-1) of the patients failed to recall the insertion of the bronchoscope. Similarly, when asked on the following day, only 22%, 52% and 8%, respectively, of the patients remembered bronchoscopy. Two hours after sedation, the patients' performances in three psychomotor tests were similar to those measured before sedation in each group, but the patients' ability to stand steadily and walk along a straight line reverted to normal significantly (P less than 0.05) more slowly in patients receiving midazolam 0.1 mg kg-1 than in the patients given diazepam. The results suggest that midazolam offers no advantage over diazepam in terms of speed of recovery of psychomotor function, when doses of similar potency are given for bronchoscopy. PMID- 3159408 TI - A comparison of the effect of paroxetine and amitriptyline on the tyramine pressor response test. AB - The effect of single and repeated dosing of paroxetine on the in vivo noradrenaline uptake process, as determined by tyramine pressor response tests, was evaluated in normal healthy subjects. No statistically significant inhibition of the uptake process was observed for paroxetine, nor did it produce sedation or dryness of the mouth, though effects were observed for amitriptyline. PMID- 3159409 TI - Passive Heymann-like nephritis in the rabbit. AB - Rabbits injected with a guinea-pig anti-rabbit kidney fraction 3 antiserum developed immune complex deposition in the glomerulus which disappeared by the sixth day. The distribution of the glomerular deposits was similar to those of passive Heymann nephritis in the rat. A glomerular fixed antigen was not demonstrated in normal rabbit kidneys after perfusion with the guinea-pig anti tubular antiserum. When tubular antigen was injected intraperitoneally in saline it could be detected in the glomeruli and after injection of the anti-tubular antiserum the deposits stained with increased intensity. Addition of a small amount of anti-GBM antiserum to the anti-tubular antiserum enhanced the size and number of glomerular deposits and increased their survival time. It is concluded that there is no pre-existing tubular antigen in the rabbit glomerulus and that the injected heterologous anti-tubular antiserum releases antigen from an extraglomerular source, probably the proximal tubules, and this released antigen becomes trapped in the glomerulus. PMID- 3159410 TI - Duration of adoptively transferred dengue virus-induced suppressor activity. AB - Dengue virus-induced suppressor pathway involves three sequential generations of suppressor T cells and their products. The present study was undertaken to determine the duration of suppressor activity of the different components of the suppressor pathway on adoptive transfer in recipient mice. It was observed that the suppressor activity of TS1 cells lasts for 21 days, of TS2 for 15 days, of SF for 7 to 10 days and of SF2 for 7 days. The duration of suppression appears to depend upon the length of suppressor pathway to be followed by each component. PMID- 3159411 TI - Measurement of sebum excretion rate and skin temperature above and below the neurological lesion in paraplegic patients. AB - The sebum excretion rate (SER) was measured above and below the neurological lesion in seventeen male and four female paraplegic patients and at comparable sites in a similar number of age-matched controls. There was no significant difference between paraplegics and controls for forehead SER. For the thigh SER there was a highly significant difference between paraplegics and controls (t = 6.27:P less than 0.001), the level for paraplegics being twice that for controls. Simultaneous thigh skin temperature measurements showed no significant difference between paraplegics and controls. PMID- 3159412 TI - Fixed eruptions: causative drugs and challenge tests. AB - The drugs responsible for eighty-six cases of fixed drug eruption have been identified, and in all but two were confirmed by challenge. The series included sixteen cases of generalized bullous fixed eruption, which resembles Lyell's syndrome. The main causative drugs were phenazones and barbiturates, both in the series as a whole and in the group of the most severe cases. The same drugs were the most frequent causative agents in a report from Finland 10 years ago. PMID- 3159413 TI - Chronic helper T cell lymphoproliferative disease. PMID- 3159414 TI - Oral pemphigoid. AB - Forty-six patients were seen over a four-year period because of oral blistering. Of these 26 were thought to have pemphigoid affecting the oral mucosa. The clinical features in these patients are compared with the commonly accepted descriptions and some differences noted. The nomenclature is reviewed and the term 'intermittent mucosal pemphigoid' is suggested to describe a clinical variant in which lesions are few and widely separated in time and which heal without scar formation. The relationship between oral pemphigoid and oral 'blood blisters' is discussed. PMID- 3159416 TI - Fibrosarcoma of the mandible. AB - Fibrosarcoma is a rare malignancy in the oral cavity. Tumours of fibrous connective tissue are sometimes difficult to classify as benign or malignant. The literature is reviewed and three cases of oral fibrosarcoma are presented. PMID- 3159415 TI - Bullous pemphigoid: a case report. AB - A case of bullous pemphigoid which presented initially in the mouth is described in an 82 year old male. Differential diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 3159417 TI - Osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Osteochondroma (osteocartilaginous exostosis) is a rare tumour in the region of the mandibular condyle. Much confusion seems to exist in the literature in differentiating these tumours from condylar chondromas as well as from condylar hyperplasias. A case of condylar osteochondroma with a review of the literature is presented. PMID- 3159418 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis in dental cysts. AB - The synthesis of prostaglandins by dental squamous cell cysts was studied. Radiothinlayer-chromatography (RTLC) showed C14-labelled arachidonic acid to be converted into the prostaglandins PGE2, 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha and PDG2. In addition, hydroxyfatty acid synthesis in excess of total prostaglandin production was observed. The substances mentioned are thought to be causally involved in the osteolytic activity of dental cysts. PMID- 3159419 TI - The conservative management of large odontogenic keratocysts. AB - Odontogenic keratocysts, although well recognised to have a high recurrence rate are not invasive tumours and should not be treated by radical surgery with its attendant morbidity. Four cases of successful management by marsupialisation, and three examples of successful enucleation and packing are described, suggesting that conservative methods can be used in the treatment of large odontogenic keratocysts. PMID- 3159420 TI - Mandibular keratocysts: surgical management. AB - A series of 15 mandibular keratocysts is presented. Criteria and methods of treatment are outlined, in particular radical enucleation and bone packing. PMID- 3159421 TI - Aneurysmal bone cyst: a hybrid lesion? AB - A case of aneurysmal bone cyst in the maxilla is reported which developed following the excision of a cementifying fibroma from the same site. Aneurysmal bone cyst has been seen previously in association with other osseous lesions in the jaws and in other bones. A review of the literature revealed 58 cases of aneurysmal bone cyst in the jaws, of which 13 were associated with other bone disease. One theory of pathogenesis of aneurysmal bone cyst is supported by the finding of such hybrid lesions. PMID- 3159422 TI - The role of removable orthodontic appliances in the investigation and management of patients with hypernasal speech. AB - The hospital-based orthodontist is involved with the management of cleft palate patients. Removable orthodontic appliance therapy as an adjunct to speech problems is described and discussed. The literature is reviewed and the investigation and management of speech problems related to palate-pharyngeal incompetence and hypernasal speech is outlined. PMID- 3159423 TI - Identification of plasmalogen as the major phospholipid constituent of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The phospholipid molecular species of canine myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum were identified by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and other conventional techniques. Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum contains 1.4 mumol of lipid Pi/mg of protein which is comprised of 53% plasmalogen. Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum ethanolamine glycerophospholipid contains 73% plasmalogen that is predominantly comprised of moieties with 18-carbon vinyl ethers at the sn-1 position and arachidonic acid at the sn-2 position. In contrast, canine skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum contains only 19% plasmalogen that is predominantly comprised of ethanolamine plasmalogen (78% of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum ethanolamine glycerophospholipid) with arachidonic and docosatetraenoic acids at the sn-2 position. The possibility that tetraenoic ethanolamine plasmalogens in both cardiac and skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum facilitate calcium translocation by their propensity for adopting a hexagonal II conformation at physiologic temperatures is discussed. PMID- 3159424 TI - Relaxation of vertebrate skeletal muscle. A synthesis of the biochemical and physiological approaches. PMID- 3159425 TI - Characterization of a calcium-dependent ATPase in Entamoeba invadens. AB - A high-affinity calcium-dependent ATPase (Ca2+-ATPase) was identified in a crude plasma membrane fraction from Entamoeba invadens (IP-1 strain). The Ca2+-ATPase activity was solubilized from the membrane by utilizing the non-ionic detergent octylglucoside. The activity had an apparent half maximal saturation constant of 0.4 +/- 0.05 microM for free calcium. The calcium activation of ATPase activity followed a cooperative mechanism (Hill number of 2.3 +/- 0.13) which suggests that two interacting sites were involved. The high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase appeared to be magnesium-independent, since by lowering contaminant free magnesium with trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid did not modify the activity observed with Ca2+. The apparent Km of the enzyme for ATP was 31 microM. The observed activity had an optimum pH of 8.8. The enzyme was insensitive to various agents such as Na+, K+, ouabain, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, KCN, NaN3, mersalyl, quercetin, ruthenium red and vanadate. Only lanthanum (0.5 mM) inhibited 100% the enzymatic activity. Calmodulin and trifluoperazine at the concentrations tested did not modify the Ca2+-ATPase activity. PMID- 3159426 TI - Two modes of inhibition of the Ca2+ pump in red cells by Ca2+. AB - Two different and independent modes of inhibition of the Ca2+ pump by Ca2+ can be detected measuring active Ca2+ extrusion from resealed ghosts of human red cells: one requires extracellular and the other requires intracellular Ca2+. Ki for inhibition by extracellular Ca2+ is about 10 mM. Extracellular Mg2+ replaces Ca2+ in inhibiting Ca2+ transport but with an apparent affinity for inhibition about 3 times less than that for Ca2+. Inhibition by external Ca2+ is not affected by Na+ or K+ at both surfaces of the cell membrane, external EGTA, internal Ca2+ or ATP. The apparent affinity for external Ca2+ progressively raises as pH increases. The effects of extracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+ are consistent with the idea that for Ca2+ pumping to proceed, external sites in the pump must be protonated and not occupied by extracellular Ca2+ or Mg2+. Inhibition by intracellular Ca2+ takes place with a Ki of about 1 mM and is independent of external Ca2+. The inhibitory effects of intracellular Ca2+ can be accounted for if Ca2+ and CaATP were competitive inhibitors of the activation of the pump by Mg2+ and MgATP, respectively. PMID- 3159427 TI - Compound 48/80 and calmodulin modify the interaction of ATP with the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase of red cell membranes. AB - Compound 48/80, an anti-calmodulin agent, reduces the maximum effect of ATP and does not affect the apparent affinity for ATP of the high-affinity site of the Ca2+-ATPase from calmodulin-bound membranes of human red cells. In the same preparation, 48/80 reduces more than 50-times the apparent affinity for ATP of the low-affinity site with little change in the maximum effect of the nucleotide at this site of the Ca2+-ATPase. The effects of compound 48/80 are independent of the concentration of Ca2+ between 30 and 200 microM. The apparent affinity of the low-affinity site of the Ca2+-ATPase for ATP is almost 100-fold less in calmodulin-stripped membranes than in calmodulin-bound membranes. In calmodulin stripped membranes, exogenous calmodulin increases the apparent affinity for ATP up to the control values. These results indicate that apart from increasing the apparent affinity of the transport site for Ca2+, calmodulin also increases the apparent affinity of the regulatory site of the Ca2+-ATPase for ATP. Since this effect is exerted within the physiological ranges of ATP concentrations, it may participate in the physiological regulation of Ca2+ pumping by calmodulin. PMID- 3159428 TI - The effect of di- and trivalent cations on the phosphorylation of the Ca2+-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. AB - The steady-state level of phosphorylated intermediate (EP) of (Mg2+ + Ca2+) ATPase is influenced by magnesium and calcium concentration in the Ca2+ transporting system of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. At micromolar [Ca2+], the level of EP is increased by Mg2+, depending on its concentration. The effect of Mg2+ is less pronounced at lower Ca2+ concentration. At low [Mg2+], the EP formation increases at millimolar concentrations of Ca2+, suggesting, in accordance with earlier results, that the substrate may also be CaATP instead of MgATP. LaCl3 (1 mM) enhanced the EP formation at low Mg2+ concentration. Surprisingly, 10 microM LaCl3 caused a marked decrease in EP formation at high [Mg2+] and had little or no effect on the level of EP at low Mg2+ concentration. The inducing effect of 1 mM LaCl3 on the EP formation at low [Mg2+] and the inhibitory effect of 10 microM LaCl3 at high Mg2+ concentration draw attention to the involvement of divalent cation-binding sites with different affinity in phosphorylation and to the particular role of Mg2+ in the EP formation and EP decomposition. PMID- 3159429 TI - The separate profile structures of the functional calcium pump protein and the phospholipid bilayer within isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes determined by X-ray and neutron diffraction. AB - The detailed profile structure of the isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane was studied utilizing a combination of X-ray and neutron diffraction. The water and lipid profile structures within the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane were determined at 28 A resolution directly by neutron diffraction and selective deuteration of the water and lipid components. The previously determined electron density profile structure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane at 12 A resolution was subjected to model refinement analysis constrained by the neutron diffraction results, thereby providing unique higher resolution calculated lipid and protein profile structures. It was found that the lipid bilayer profile structure of the isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane is asymmetric, primarily the result of more lipid residing in the inner versus the outer monolayer of the sarcoplasmic reticulum lipid bilayer. The asymmetry in the lipid composition was necessarily coincident with a complimentary asymmetry in the protein mass distribution between the two monolayers in order to preserve the overall cross-sectional area of lipid and protein throughout the lipid bilayer region of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane profile structure. Approximately 50% of the mass of the total protein was found to be localized externally to the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane lipid bilayer protruding from the outer lipid monolayer into the extravesicular medium. The structural features of the protein protrusion appear to be rather variable depending upon the environment of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. This highly asymmetric structural organization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane profile is consistent with its primary function of unidirectional calcium transport. PMID- 3159430 TI - High-affinity and low-affinity vanadate binding to sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. AB - Conditions were found that allowed both the fluorescence detection of vanadate binding to the Ca2+-ATPase of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum and the vanadate-induced formation of two-dimensional arrays of the enzyme. The fluorescence intensity of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled Ca2+-ATPase increased with high-affinity vanadate binding (Ka = 10(6) M-1) as reported by Pick and Karlish (Pick, U. and Karlish, S.D. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 6120 6126). The Ca2+ and Mg2+ dependencies for high-affinity vanadate binding were similar but not identical to those for orthophosphate. In addition, it was found that there is low-affinity (Ka = 380 M-1) vanadate binding, which causes a 25% decrease in fluorescence. The Ca2+ and Mg2+ dependencies of the low-affinity vanadate binding were different from those of orthophosphate or high-affinity vanadate binding. The covalent attachment of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) in the ATP site of the Ca2+-ATPase did not affect the formation of two-dimensional arrays, as detected by negatively stained electron micrographs. Vanadate concentrations high enough to saturate the low-affinity binding caused two dimensional arrays as reported by Dux and Martonosi (Dux, L. and Martonosi, A. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 2599-2603). In addition, freeze-fracture replicas of quick-frozen specimens showed rows of indentations in the inner leaflet of the bilayer that corresponds to the arrays seen on the outer leaflet. This appearance of indentations suggests that low-affinity vanadate binding causes a transmembrane movement of the Ca2+-ATPase. By contrast, high-affinity vanadate binding was shown to cause neither array formation nor the appearance of indentations. PMID- 3159431 TI - Membrane-bound ATPase of a thermoacidophilic archaebacterium, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. AB - The membranes of Sulfolobus, a thermoacidophilic archaebacterium showed two types of ATP hydrolyzing activity. One was that of a neutral ATPase at an optimum pH around 6.5. This enzyme was activated by 10 mM sulfate with a shift of optimum pH to 5. In these respects, the enzyme was similar to membrane-bound ATPase of Thermoplasma, another thermoacidophilic archaebacterium, reported by Searcy and Whatley [1982) Zbl. Bakt. Hyg., I. Abt. Orig. C3, 245-257). The enzyme hydrolyzed ATP and other NTPs, but not ADP or AMP. It was highly thermostable, but irreversibly inactivated in 0.1 M HCl. The other activity was that of an acidic apyrase at an optimum pH around 2.5. This enzyme was extremely stable toward high temperature and acid and inhibited by sulfate. Both of these ATP hydrolyzing enzymes were resistant to N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), azide, oligomycin, N'-ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzoate, orthovanadate, or ouabain. Sulfolobus ATPases differ from F1 and other transport ATPases so far described. PMID- 3159432 TI - Inhibitors of oligosaccharide processing. PMID- 3159433 TI - Properties of carboxypeptidase A-treated chicken gizzard tropomyosin. AB - Chicken gizzard tropomyosin was digested with carboxypeptidase A at the weight ratios of enzyme to substrate 1:200 and 1:50. Removal of about 16 C-terminal amino acid residues per tropomyosin molecule, at lower enzyme concentration, caused reversion of the effect on skeletal actomyosin ATPase activity from activating to inhibiting without an influence on polymerizability and actin binding ability. Removal of about 26 C-terminal amino acid residues per molecule, at higher enzyme concentration, resulted in loss of polymerizability and actin binding ability. Digestion of gizzard tropomyosin with carboxypeptidase A has no dramatic effect on its binding to troponin T. The results show that not only the existence of head-to-tail overlapping regions but also their length is important for the functional properties of chicken gizzard tropomyosin. PMID- 3159435 TI - Heparinizable materials (IV). Surface-grafting on poly(ethylene terephthalate) of heparin-complexing poly(amido-amine) chains. AB - By a chemical process poly(amido-amine) chains have been grafted on the surface of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (Dacron) devices. After treatment, it was shown that the devices could adsorb significant amounts of heparin. Most of the adsorbed heparin can be recovered only by eluting at pH greater than 10 with NaOH solution. PMID- 3159434 TI - The kinetics of changes in the fatty acid composition of Neurospora crassa lipids after a temperature increase. AB - The fatty acid composition of the total lipids, phospholipids and neutral lipids of log-phase shaker cultures of the bd (band) strain of Neurospora crassa, were measured every 2 h for an 8-h period following a temperature increase from 22 to 40 degrees C. For purposes of comparison, the fatty acid composition was also measured when cultures were grown from inoculation at temperatures between 22 and 40 degrees C. In the phospholipids, the temperature jump produced, over a 4-6 hour span, a linear decrease in the linolenic acid (18:3) content from 31 to 10 mol% and an increase in the linoleic acid (18:2) content from 41 to 45 mol% for a few hours, followed by a decrease to 38 mol%. The oleic acid (18:1) content increased, after a 2 h lag, from 5 to 26 mol%. The temperature increase caused a decrease in the double bond index from 180 to 135 but produced no changes in the mol% of the saturated fatty acids, the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids, the total amount of fatty acids per gram dry weight, or the growth rate of the cultures. After the switch to 40 degrees C the total amount of 18:3 per flask increased only slightly over the 8 h period, indicating that there was little loss of 18:3 from the mycelia by beta-oxidation, or by conversion to other fatty acids. Since the mass of the culture increased some 4-fold in this time, it suggests that the decrease in the mole percent of 18:3 is probably due to a decrease in the rate of synthesis of 18:3. PMID- 3159436 TI - The use of short carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic plates for fracture fixation. AB - Thermoplastic plates of Nylon 6-10 and Polybutylene terephthalate reinforced with 30% short randomly oriented carbon fibres were tested for internal fixation of canine femoral transverse midshaft fractures. The elastic modulus of the plates was one-half that of bone: however, ultimate strength and strain in bending were comparable to bone. The fractures healed with moderate callus formation which was completely remodelled by 8 to 12 wk post surgery. Although a moderate inflammatory reaction to occasional particulate debris was noted, the materials appeared to possess the proper elastic moduli to allow sufficient support for the healing fracture without protecting the remodelling process. PMID- 3159437 TI - A compound arterial prosthesis: the importance of the sterilization procedure on the healing and stability of albuminated polyester grafts. AB - In response to the demand for a vascular prosthesis which achieves reliable haemostasis without preclotting, a new compound albumin/polyester prosthesis has been developed. In order to optimize the sterilization procedures for this device, two series of implantations in the thoracic aorta of dogs were undertaken to compare the effects of ethylene oxide (EtO) and gamma-radiation. Preclotted polyester prostheses were implanted in two additional control series. Pathological analysis of the explanted grafts indicated that gamma-radiation is to be preferred over EtO because it results in faster rates of healing. While the albumin coating delayed the thrombotic response and fibrinolytic activity, the extent of healing of the radiation sterilized graft was equivalent to that achieved by preclotted polyester prostheses in the medium and long term. Measurements of the strength and dimensional changes of the graft demonstrated that, in addition to reducing the risks of acute thrombosis and postoperative haemorrhage, the albumin coating improves the dimensional stability of the knitted structure. PMID- 3159438 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the physical methods for studying the pulmonary surfactant system during exposure to acute hypoxia]. AB - Physical methods were used in rat experiments to study the effect of acute pressure chamber hypoxia on the pulmonary surfactant in pulmonary extracts of different concentrations, bronchoalveolar washing and extract after washing. The surfactant activity in health and disease depended on the substrate and its concentration. The corrective coefficients for comparison of the surface activity of different substrates were calculated. Acute hypoxia induced a decrease in pulmonary surfactant activity. During deadaptation, the cellular surfactant first returns to normal followed by normalization of the extracellular surfactant. PMID- 3159439 TI - [Ultrastructural stereological analysis of the absolute parameters of the cardiomyocytes in myocardial hypertrophy]. AB - Arterial hypertension was produced in male Wistar rats by abdominal aorta ligation. By the 35th day of experiment the animals had developed myocardial hypertrophy. The subcellular organization of cardiomyocytes was studied by electron microscopy and stereology (computation of relative and absolute parameters). In myocardial hypertrophy, the absolute volume of myofibrils, sarcoplasmic reticulum and T system in the left ventricle of the heart was increased, whereas the absolute volume of the mitochondria remained unchanged. The general surface area of all organelles was noticeably increased. The myofibrils and sarcoplasmic reticulum experienced greater changes, which may reflect the features of compensatory processes under the experimental conditions described. PMID- 3159440 TI - [Electron microscopic detection of calcium ions at different stages of normal surfactant formation and during body cooling]. AB - Histochemical demonstration of calcium ions in the respiratory part of the rabbit lungs has revealed that the greatest amount of the reaction granules is localized in type II alveolocytes. "Calcium packs" have been discovered, on the basis of which osmiophilic laminar bodies are formed. Cooling of the body entails an increase in the number of osmiophilic laminar bodies with calcium oxalate granules in type II alveolocytes. PMID- 3159441 TI - Induction of immunoglobulin secretion in follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: role of immunoregulatory T cells. AB - B cell neoplasms are clonal expansions of B lymphocytes thought to be frozen at various points along the normal B cell differentiation pathway. We studied cell suspensions from lymph nodes involved by follicular (nodular) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to determine the capacity of the malignant B cells to secrete immunoglobulin (Ig). Neoplastic B cells from all 14 follicular lymphomas secreted monoclonal immunoglobulin in culture when appropriate signals were provided. In most cases, maximal Ig secretion occurred when autologous T cells were removed by E rosette depletion, replaced with allogeneic normal T cells, and the cultures were exposed to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Autologous T cells exerted a suppressor effect on Ig secretion in 8/8 cases studied, diminishing the response of the malignant B cells to allogeneic T cells. This suppressor effect did not correlate with the percentage of cells staining with anti-Leu-2a or with "helper-suppressor" (Leu-3a-Leu-2a) ratios of the lymph node T cells. Our findings demonstrate that the arrested differentiation of most follicular lymphomas is reversible and implicate a T cell-mediated host immunoregulatory mechanism affecting Ig secretion in vivo. An additional contribution of our results is the demonstration of a cell culture system for synthesis of sufficient monoclonal Ig for use as an immunogen in production of anti-idiotype antibodies. PMID- 3159442 TI - Acceleration of fibrinolysis by the N-terminal peptide of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor. AB - When blood plasma containing the NH2-terminal 12-residue peptide (N-peptide) of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2PI; alpha 2-antiplasmin) was clotted in the presence of calcium ions, the N-peptide and alpha 2PI were cross-linked to fibrin by activated coagulation factor XIII. The amount of N-peptide cross-linked to fibrin was proportional to the concentration of N-peptide present in plasma. On the other hand, the amount of alpha 2PI cross-linked to fibrin was decreased by the presence of N-peptide, and the decrease was in reverse relationship to the increase of cross-linking of N-peptide. Spontaneous fibrinolysis or fibrinolysis induced by tissue plasminogen activator was accelerated by the presence of N peptide, and the acceleration was dependent on the concentrations of N-peptide and directly proportional to inhibition of alpha 2PI cross-linking exerted by N peptide. The acceleration was more pronounced when the clot was compacted by platelet-mediated clot retraction or by a squeeze. Fibrinolysis of an alpha 2PI deficient or a factor XIII-deficient plasma clot was not accelerated by N peptide. These findings were substantiated in a purified system and support the previous proposal that alpha 2PI is cross-linked to fibrin at the glutamine residue that is next to the NH2-terminus of alpha 2PI, and this factor XIII mediated cross-linking of alpha 2PI is significant in inhibition of physiologically occurring endogenous fibrinolysis. PMID- 3159444 TI - Common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen-positive cells in normal bone marrow. PMID- 3159443 TI - CALLA-positive myeloma: an aggressive subtype with poor survival. AB - Detailed immunotyping was carried out on 21 direct myeloma bone marrow aspirates and eight human myeloma cell lines. Four previously untreated common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA)-positive myeloma patients were identified and six of eight cell lines (75%) were also positive. CALLA positivity, as part of an immature B phenotype, was found to correlate with very aggressive clinical disease: median survival six months v 56 months for the CALLA-negative group. PMID- 3159445 TI - Acute leukemias associated with the 4;11 chromosome translocation have rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain genes. AB - Studies of acute leukemia with the 4;11 translocation have yielded conflicting results regarding the lineage of the cell of origin in this disease. To investigate this issue further, we have examined the state of immunoglobulin genes in tumor cells from two affected patients, immunophenotyped their leukemic cells using a number of monoclonal antibody reagents with specificities for lymphoid or myelomonocytic antigens, and examined the malignant cells by electron microscopy. DNA was extracted from leukemic bone marrow cells and hybridized with radiolabeled DNA fragment probes specific for the constant region of immunoglobulin heavy chain and kappa and lambda light chain genes. Autoradiographs revealed rearrangement of both allelic heavy chain genes, but a germline configuration of light chain genes in both cases. Surface marker analysis showed that blasts from both patients expressed HLA-DR and the myeloid antigens Leu-M1, 1C2, 2D1, and 4B3, but lacked common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen or T antigens. Furthermore, they did not have sheep erythrocyte receptors nor did they express surface or cytoplasmic immunoglobulin or B cell precursor determinants. Electron microscopy analysis showed that blast cells from patient 1 exhibited numerous monoribosomes, polyribosomes, and isolated strands of rough endoplasmic reticulum in their cytoplasm. These ultrastructural features are characteristic for both common acute lymphocytic leukemia and pre-B-ALL cells, but not for T-ALL or acute myelogenous leukemia cells. Peroxidase was undetectable in cells from both patients. Our study suggests that this disorder represents a unique subtype of leukemia. The cell of origin may be an early B cell progenitor that shares certain surface antigens with myeloid cells or a stem cell with the potential for both lymphoid and myelomonocytic differentiation. PMID- 3159446 TI - Phenotypic analysis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells which are classified as non-T non-B and negative for common ALL antigen. AB - When phenotypic marker analysis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells (102 cases) was performed, a group of ALL cells (15 cases) classified as non-T non-B, and negative for common-ALL antigen (CALLA) was characterized in a focused manner. "Non-T non-B" was defined as negative for T cell properties such as E rosetting or reactivity with anti-human T-cell monoclonal antibodies (T101, WT1), and absence of any B-cell characteristics (cell surface and/or cytoplasmic immunoglobulin and reactivity with B1 monoclonal antibody). Despite their marked heterogeneity, CALLA(-) non-T non-B ALL cells revealed three different phenotypic patterns in terms of presence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and of reactivity with antimyeloid (MCS1) or myelomonocyte (MCS2 and OKM1) monoclonal antibodies. Four of 15 cases reacted with some myeloid-specific antibodies, but were negative for TdT. Six cases had both MCS2 antigen and TdT. The remaining five cases expressed no myeloid antigens, but were positive for TdT with some exceptions. These findings showed that acute leukemias with myeloid antigens might be involved in CALLA(-) non-T non-B ALL having no relationship to the presence of TdT, and, furthermore, that the blasts with simultaneous expression of TdT and myeloid-specific antigen (MCS2) might represent an immature stage in hematopoietic differentiation closely corresponding with the bifurcation of the lymphocyte/myeloid pathway. Alternatively, only five cases remained "unclassified leukemia." We therefore think that the detailed examination of CALLA(-) non-T non B ALL cells using myeloid specific antibodies is helpful in clarifying the characteristics of myeloid precursors and the common bipotential stem cell of lymphoid and myeloid progenitors. PMID- 3159447 TI - Biochemical and functional consequences of dissociation of the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex. AB - The platelet membrane glycoproteins, IIb and IIIa, form a Ca2+-dependent heterodimer complex that functions as the fibrinogen receptor in activated platelets to mediate platelet aggregation. Little is known about factors that affect the IIb-IIIa complex within the platelet membrane. It has been observed that platelets incubated with ethylene glycol tetra-acetic acid (EGTA) at 37 degrees C are unable to aggregate or to bind monoclonal antibodies specific for the IIb-IIIa complex. To determine whether this is due to a dissociation of IIb from IIIa, we developed a method for quantitating the complex on nondenaturing, polyacrylamide gradient gels. Platelets were surface-labeled with 125I and then solubilized and electrophoresed in 0.2% Triton and 10 mmol/L CHAPS. Under these conditions and in the presence of 1 mmol/L Ca2+, glycoproteins IIb and IIIa migrated on the gels as a discrete band at Rf = 0.33. Protein that was eluted from this band bound to an immunoaffinity column specific for the IIb-IIIa complex. In contrast, when the IIb-IIIa complex was solubilized and then dissociated with EGTA, the discrete band at Rf = 0.33 was no longer present, and IIb and IIIa were now found in a broad band at Rf = 0.45 to 0.50. To study IIb and IIIa within the surface membrane, the 125I-labeled platelets were first incubated with 0.5 mmol/L EGTA (1 nmol/L free Ca2+) at 22 degrees C and then solubilized in the absence of EGTA. The IIb and IIIa from these platelets migrated at Rf = 0.33, indicating the presence of the intact IIb-IIIa complex. In contrast, when the platelets were incubated at 37 degrees C for one hour with the EGTA, the discrete band at Rf = 0.33 representing the IIb-IIIa complex gradually disappeared. This phenomenon could not be reversed by adding Ca2+ back to the platelets before solubilization and electrophoresis. This loss of the IIb-IIIa complex from intact platelets was accompanied by (a) a progressive and irreversible decrease in adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation and (b) decreased binding of a complex-dependent monoclonal antibody to the platelets. These studies demonstrate that when platelets are exposed to low Ca2+ at 37 degrees C, the IIb-IIIa heterodimer complexes in their surface membranes are irreversibly disrupted. Because intact IIb-IIIa complexes are required for platelet aggregation, the loss of these complexes may account for the failure of these platelets to aggregate in response to ADP. PMID- 3159449 TI - Effects of 2-mercapto-1-(beta-4-pyridethyl)-benzimidazole (MPB) on Ehrlich cell nucleoli: stereological analysis. AB - The effects of MPB, a strong inhibitor of RNA synthesis, have been analysed at the ultrastructural level by means of stereological methods. After treatment, an increase in the nucleolar volume is observed. This enlargement is due to vacuolization of the nucleoli. However, the relative volumes of the nucleolar components are modified in various directions: the volume of the granular component decreases whereas the fibrillar centres increase in size. These results are discussed in terms of relations between morphology and function of the nucleolus. PMID- 3159448 TI - Gray platelet syndrome: selective alpha-granule deficiency and thrombocytopenia due to increased platelet turnover. AB - Clinical and laboratory studies of two siblings, both suffering from gray platelet syndrome (GPS) are described. The patients had a mild bleeding disorder, their platelets were blue-gray in panoptic stains, and alpha-granules were markedly reduced, as shown by electron microscopy. The platelet content of platelet factor 4 and that of beta-thromboglobulin were significantly reduced (3% 7% of normal). Platelet count was decreased (33-150 X 10(9)/1) and small platelets were increased in platelet volume distribution. Bleeding time was prolonged on most occasions. Bone marrow aspiration was performed in one patient and revealed increased reticulin fibers, however, megakaryocyte count was normal. The mean platelet survival was 4.8 days using 111indium-labelled platelets. In this patient, platelet-associated IgG was within the normal range. Prednisone therapy failed to increase platelet count. Dental surgery was performed under cover of desmopressin and no bleeding complication occurred; however, no improvement of bleeding time was observed. The patient delivered a healthy male infant without hemorrhaging while under concurrent platelet transfusion therapy. PMID- 3159450 TI - High molecular weight microtubule-associated proteins from pig brain are immunologically related to human erythrocyte membrane proteins spectrin, ankyrin, proteins 4.1 and 4.2. AB - The microtubule-associated proteins MAPs 1 and 2 from pig brain have been found to react with antibodies directed against human ankyrin and spectrin, respectively (Bennett and Davis, 1981; Davis and Bennett, 1982). In a complementary approach we have prepared antibodies against MAP1 alpha. MAP1 gamma and MAP2 purified from pig brain and tested their reactivity with human erythrocyte membrane proteins. Anti-MAP1 alpha was shown to react with alpha and beta-spectrin and with protein 4.1; anti-MAP1 gamma reacted with alpha-spectrin and ankyrin and with a 60 K peptide which copurified with human spectrin. Finally anti-MAP2 was specific for beta-spectrin and protein 4.2. The biological function of protein 4.2 is still unknown but details on the interactions between ankyrin, spectrin and protein 4.1 and their role in mediating the linkage of oligomeric actin on the erythrocyte membrane are well documented. The present results, which demonstrate extended immunological analogies between pig brain high molecular weight MAPs and human erythrocyte membrane proteins, may reflect the presence, in the two families of proteins, of similar functionally important epitopes. PMID- 3159451 TI - Fluid phase and mannose receptor-mediated uptake of horseradish peroxidase in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Biochemical and ultrastructural study. AB - A detailed study of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) uptake by in vitro cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages was undertaken. Biochemical quantitations performed over a wide range of HRP concentrations, in the absence or presence of yeast mannan, showed that these macrophages pinocytose HRP by both fluid phase and mannose receptor-mediated uptake. The relative contribution of these two types of endocytosis varied with the concentration of enzyme in the extracellular medium. A morphological study at the light and electron microscope levels conducted in parallel confirmed the biochemical data. PMID- 3159453 TI - Secretory cell activity in the hamster seminal vesicle following castration. A morphometric ultrastructural study. AB - The ultrastructure of hamster seminal vesicle epithelium was studied 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after castration using a stereological approach. The results show that castration promotes epithelial reorganization, mainly characterized by reduced epithelial cell size and number, decreased rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, increased lysosomes and lipid droplets, increased apical secretory granule size and number, and increased intracellular secretory products per average epithelial cell. It is concluded that after testosterone withdrawal the secretory activity of hamster seminal vesicle epithelial cells, although reduced, is not abolished, and that exocytosis is relatively more reduced than secretory protein production. We suggest that an extracellular androgen source is responsible for secretory activity not being lost in the epithelial cells of castrated hamster seminal vesicle. PMID- 3159452 TI - Cellular compartments in mitotic cells: ultrahistochemical identification of Golgi elements in PtK-1 cells. AB - This investigation focuses on the identification, distribution, and transport of intracellular membrane systems during mitosis. The membranes of the Golgi apparatus can be identified cytochemically by staining for acid phosphatase (acPase) and thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) activity. Using this approach we are able to study the disintegration of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis and to follow the dislocation as well as the organized reappearance of Golgi elements after the completion of mitosis. We are able to demonstrate that during mitosis the activity of both enzymes is strong enough to react with the substrate applied during the staining procedure. Furthermore, we observe a characteristic pattern of membrane distribution in mitotic cells. During interphase the TPPase reaction is characteristically limited to one or two cisternae of a dictyosomal stack. The acPase reaction stains the membranes of the total stack, of the GERL, of some vesicles and cisternae near the dictyosomes and lysosomes. After the mitotic breakdown of the dictyosomal stacks the forming vesicles still stain positively and are distributed over the entire cytoplasm. At late anaphase and early telophase the enzyme activity occurs not only in the reconstituting dictyosomes but also in the nuclear envelope and in some ER cisternae. The extended spectrum of membrane structures indicating Golgi enzyme activity becomes obvious. This phenomenon favors the idea that at least some functions of the Golgi apparatus persist during mitosis. PMID- 3159455 TI - Immunolocalization of the 100 K nucleolar protein in CHO cells. AB - The localization of a major nucleolar protein with a molecular weight of 100,000 has been followed in Chinese hamster ovary cells using specific antibodies to this protein and immunocytochemical techniques. By immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry at ultrastructural level in situ, the 100 K protein was detected abundantly in the nucleolus of interphase cells. In exponentially growing cells, the dense fibrillar component was shown to contain more 100 K protein than the granular RNP component but both the nucleolar components were positively immunostained. Fibrillar centers consistently showed weaker or no staining. The 100 K association with the preribosomal RNP components of the interphase nucleolus supports evidence for a role of this protein in pre-rRNA transcription and preribosomal processing. PMID- 3159454 TI - Cytochalasin D suppresses beta-adrenergic induced protein discharge without inhibiting membrane fusion. AB - Biochemical studies have shown that low doses of Cytochalasin D (CD) inhibit protein discharge evoked by isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic inducer, in isolated lobules of Rat parotid gland. Ultrastructural and radioautographic studies reported here indicate that, when lobules are treated by CD before isoproterenol stimulation, the connection of secretory granules with the acinar lumen is indeed prevented, but fusion of membrane granules evoked by isoproterenol still occurs. This fusion takes place with vacuoles induced by CD and possibly with other granules. PMID- 3159457 TI - Backache. PMID- 3159456 TI - Audiological rehabilitation of patients with brainstem disorders. AB - A brief account is given of the course of rehabilitation of three patients with severe brainstem injuries. Particular use has been made of synthetic speech pattern assessment procedures which have been integrated into the management model of Goldstein and Stephens (1981). The use of speech stimuli of controllable simplicity has two main clinical benefits: the early course of re-acquisition can be examined analytically, second, aspects of speech receptive and productive rehabilitation can be facilitated. Re-acquisition of perceptive ability in some of these patients may follow a progression from simple to complex acoustic pattern contrasts and this may provide an effective basis for future techniques of rehabilitation. PMID- 3159459 TI - Fixed drug eruptions. PMID- 3159458 TI - Tryptamine-induced vasoconstrictor responses in rat caudal arteries are mediated predominantly via 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. AB - It has been suggested that tryptamine can stimulate specific receptors distinct from those for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). We have examined this possibility in the rat isolated caudal artery, paying particular attention to the involvement of monoamine oxidase metabolism and alpha-adrenoceptors, two factors that can complicate the quantification of antagonist potencies at 5-HT receptors. 5-HT and tryptamine were agonists over the concentration-ranges 3.0 X 10(-8) - 3.0 X 10( 5) mol l-1 and 1.0 X 10(-6) - 3.0 X 10(-4) mol l-1 respectively. The sensitivity of the caudal artery to tryptamine was increased by about 44 fold in the presence of iproniazid (5.0 X 10(-5) mol l-1) and about 17 fold in the presence of pargyline (1.0 X 10(-5) mol l-1), while responses to 5-HT and methoxamine were unaffected. In the absence of iproniazid, ketanserin and methysergide were potent antagonists of responses to 5-HT with pA2 values of 9.08 and 9.11 and slopes of the Schild regressions of 1.15 and 1.00 respectively. However, against tryptamine the antagonists were weaker such that pA2 values were similar to those against 5 HT but the slopes of the Schild regressions were 0.47 and 0.47. In the presence of iproniazid (or pargyline), the 5-HT antagonists were more potent against tryptamine such that the pA2 values and the slopes of the Schild regressions were not significantly different from those against 5-HT. Phentolamine was a weak antagonist of responses to both 5-HT and tryptamine in the presence of iproniazid. 5 The findings in this study suggest that the contractile action of tryptamine in rat caudal artery is mediated predominantly by the same receptor as 5-HT and that the differential inactivation of tryptamine by monoamine oxidase enzymes largely accounts for the different susceptibilities of 5-HT and tryptamine to the antagonists examined. PMID- 3159460 TI - Death of a volunteer. PMID- 3159461 TI - Genetic prediction and family structure in Huntington's chorea. AB - A deoxyribonucleic acid marker linked to the locus for Huntington's chorea exists, but its possible use in the prediction of this disorder depends on the pedigree structure of individual families. Analysis of data from a population register for Huntington's chorea in south Wales showed that only a minority of subjects at risk had the appropriate members of their family living to allow the presence or absence of the gene to be definitively predicted. However, the structure of the family allowed a degree of prediction (in particular, exclusion of the disorder) to be made for the fetus during pregnancies of these subjects in almost 90% of cases. Such a prediction need not alter the risk state for the parent at risk. The structure of the family will remain crucial for prediction even when current limitations of the linked marker have been overcome. PMID- 3159462 TI - Quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase in human and rat brain: activity in Huntington's disease and in quinolinate-lesioned rat striatum. AB - Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is an excitotoxic compound which is present in rat and human brain and has been hypothetically linked to neurodegenerative disorders including Huntington's disease (HD). We have examined the biochemistry of QUIN by measuring the activity of its degradative enzyme QUIN phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) in post-mortem samples of human brain from normal and HD subjects, and in the striata of rats injected intrastriatally with QUIN. In normal human brain, QPRT activity was highest in the caudate nucleus and substantia nigra, less in the thalamus, hypothalamus, frontal cortex and hippocampus and lowest in the spinal cord and cerebellum. QPRT activity in HD caudate tended to be higher than control, the respective values (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 9 for each group) being 365.7 +/- 52.5 and 242.0 +/- 50.8 fmol/h/mg protein (0.1 greater than P greater than 0.05, t-test); values of enzyme activity in the putamen were similar between normal and HD groups. Kinetic analyses indicated that the Km values for QUIN and its co-substrate phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) were similar in normal and HD caudate, but Vmax values were elevated in HD caudate. Rat striatal QPRT activity was increased in QUIN-injected striata, and when expressed as a percentage of the contralateral side it was 163.6% at 2 days, 344.4% at 14 days and 198.8% at 7 months post-injection. Kinetic analyses in the 7-month QUIN-injected group showed an increase of Vmax but no change of Km values for QUIN or PRPP. The results indicate that QPRT activity increases in response to specific neurodegenerative events.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159463 TI - Decreased serotonin content of embryonic raphe neurons following maternal administration of p-chlorophenylalanine: a quantitative immunocytochemical study. AB - Previous studies from this laboratory have suggested that serotonergic (5-HT) neurons may influence the differentiation of their embryonic target cells in the developing rat brain. The present study was designed to determine whether or not maternal p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) administration could deplete serotonin (5 HT) in developing 5-HT neurons during embryonic days 13-15, when the effects of pCPA on neuronal genesis have been observed previously. For this study, pCPA was administered to timed-pregnant rats and embryos were sacrificed at two different gestational ages, embryonic days 13-14 (E13-14) and 14-15 (E14-15). Immunotitration experiments were carried out on tissue sections, using an antiserum to 5-HT-hemocyanin conjugates to obtain a relative estimate of the amount of 5-HT contained within individual 5-HT neurons of embryos from pCPA treated and control mothers. Diminished immunoreactivity as a consequence of addition of increasing amounts of antigen was then quantitated on a relative scale by comparison with the amount of immunoreactivity present when no antigen was added to the primary antiserum. Two major findings resulted from this study: maternal pCPA treatment depleted 5-HT by approximately 50% in developing 5-HT neurons at embryonic ages E13-14 and E14-15, but depletion appeared to be greatest in the youngest embryos; developing 5-HT neurons increased their content of neurotransmitter by approximately 10-fold during this one day of embryonic development, an effect which could be observed in both pCPA-treated and control animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159464 TI - Actin in the nervous system. AB - Since synaptic plasticity is an important property of the brain, it is timely to try to understand the possible mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. The role of the cytoplasm for neuronal functions has until now been largely overlooked, the main emphases being on the plasma membrane for fast electrical events and on cytoplasmic organelles for the slower metabolic processes. However, recent studies on the cytoplasm of non-muscle cells have stressed the importance of contractile proteins, like actin, on maintaining the cell shape and a number of vital cellular functions, which may be related to the phase transitions in the cytoplasm. The necessary versatility is conferred on the actin networks by actin associated proteins and by the free cytosolic calcium. In the nervous system, in addition to actin and myosin, a number of actin regulatory proteins was recently isolated, and they were shown to have properties similar to those of other non muscle cells. Consequently, actin networks in neurons like those in non-muscle cells may be capable of contraction and phase transitions. The phase transitions have a rapid onset, and they may be quickly terminated or they may last over extended periods of time. In this way actin networks may gain control over the state of the cytoplasm and hence over the function of the neuron. Actin may be, therefore, uniquely suited to regulate various plastic reactions. The cytoplasm of growth cones and dendritic spines contains solely actin networks and is devoid of microtubules and neurofilaments. Since both these structures contain myosin and since growth cones are endowed with a considerable motility, dendritic spines also may have a likewise property. The necessary regulation of the levels of free cytosolic calcium may be provided by the spine apparatus in addition to calcium pumps in the plasma membrane and calcium regulatory proteins in the spine cytoplasm. Various types of stimulation which change the level of free cytosolic calcium may induce contraction of the spine actin network which may be responsible for the morphometric changes observed following different experimental interventions and pathological conditions. Although most of the conclusions in this review are rather speculative, they may provide directions for future research in the spine and synaptic plasticity. PMID- 3159465 TI - [Changes in the activity of Ca2+ stimulated membrane ATPase and calcium binding in the myocardium in cardiac hypertrophy in rats induced by catecholamines]. PMID- 3159467 TI - Anaesthesia for caesarean section in a pre-eclamptic patient with Ebstein's anomaly. AB - Anaesthetic management for Caesarean section in a pre-eclamptic patient with Ebstein's anomaly and a right to left intracardiac shunt was accomplished under general anaesthesia. Air bubbles in the venous line were meticulously eliminated to prevent paradoxical air emboli. A rapid sequence induction using standard doses of thiopentone and succinylcholine did not result in loss of consciousness and muscle relaxation was inadequate for endotracheal intubation. This problem must be anticipated in patients with extremely enlarged right atria and the dose of induction agents should be increased. Carefully controlled epidural anaesthesia may be used if the cardiac reserve is adequate. PMID- 3159466 TI - Hepatitis-B vaccine for anaesthesia personnel. PMID- 3159468 TI - A novel therapeutic approach for reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy and blood pressure control in hypertensive patients treated with alpha-methyldopa or propranolol. AB - A recently added goal in the control of primary hypertension is the reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy which may occur early in the disease and which can have serious consequences. We have attempted to define the hemodynamic parameters which distinguish most sensitively between the long-term effects of two antihypertensive drugs, alpha-methyldopa and propranolol, with a view to determining the optimal conditions under which each of the drugs may be used therapeutically. Twenty matched hypertensive patients, all with established left ventricular hypertrophy, were divided at random into two groups who received either alpha-methyldopa or propranolol as monotherapy. Dosage was titrated until blood pressures were normalized (diastolic blood pressure (DBP) less than or equal to 95 mmHg) (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa); then therapy was maintained for 48-52 weeks. Supine and erect blood pressures, heart rates, and eight echocardiographic indices were recorded before commencement of therapy and at the 48- to 52-week period. Stepwise discriminant analysis identified erect DBP, erect heart rate, and posterior wall thickness of the left ventricle as being the parameters which distinguished most clearly the therapeutic effects of the chosen drugs. Using these three parameters, all 20 patients were correctly classified into their respective drug groups. We propose that these results may form the basis of a more rational choice of antihypertensive therapy with alpha-methyldopa or propranolol for hypertensive patients based on the initial determination of these three parameters. PMID- 3159470 TI - Differences in hospital usage patterns of handicapped children and matched controls. PMID- 3159469 TI - Dysfunction of calcium handling by smooth muscle in hypertension. AB - Dysfunction of ion handling, including binding and fluxes (passive and active transport) of physiologically important ions such as potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium, by vascular smooth muscle cell membranes has repeatedly been reported to be associated with the pathophysiology of hypertension. The specific purpose of this review is to summarize and evaluate the evidence for alterations of calcium ion (Ca2+) handling by vascular smooth muscle in various forms of hypertension in the animal model on the basis that regulation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration is a complex and yet vitally important process for a normal function of vascular smooth muscle and that derangement of such a regulation may result in excessive retention of cytoplasmic Ca2+, contribute toward increase of total peripheral resistance, and ultimately lead to elevation of blood pressure. Emphasis is placed upon the consideration of the usefulness of the subcellular membrane fractionation technique in studies of binding and transport of Ca2+ by vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle membranes from genetic as well as experimental hypertensive rats. The limitations of the interpretation of data using such an approach are also considered. Decreased active transport of Ca2+ across isolated plasma membrane vesicles from large and small arteries occurs in several but not all forms of hypertension. This membrane abnormality also occurs in nonvascular smooth muscles and other tissues or cells not confined to the cardiovascular system in genetic hypertension, but not in experimental hypertension. A hypothesis of general membrane defects in spontaneous hypertension is proposed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159471 TI - Immunoregulatory functions of neoplastic lymphoid cells and their humoral products. AB - The immunologic functions of neoplastic lymphoid cells from 57 cases of lymphocytic leukemia or malignant lymphoma were examined in vitro where cells from 16 cases demonstrated regulatory functions in immunoglobulin production: 4 with helper activity, 8 with suppressor activity, 1 with presuppressor activity, and 3 with helper-inducer activity. The neoplastic lymphoid cells with such functions did not necessarily form E-rosettes, but because of the presence of human T-cell antigens, most of them appeared to be of the T-cell lineage. These regulatory functions were proven to be mediated by the humoral factor, at least in some of the cases tested. Neoplastic lymphoid cells from all 6 cases with Fc receptors showed antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, but lacked natural killer activity. These studies should provide further insight into the origin of the neoplastic cells. PMID- 3159473 TI - Alterations in the activity and isozymic profile of human phosphofructokinase during malignant transformation in vivo and in vitro: transformation- and progression-linked discriminants of malignancy. AB - 6-Phosphofructokinase (PFK) plays a central role in the regulation of glycolysis in both normal and neoplastic cells. Since PFK also mediates the Pasteur effect, it coordinates the two modes of energy production in most cell systems, i.e., glycolysis and respiration. The energy production in the cancer cell is characterized by a predominance of aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect) and a diminution or lack of the Pasteur effect. Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that PFK in humans and in the rat exists in multiple tetrameric isozymic forms consisting of three unique subunits under separate genetic controls, M, L, and P types. These isozymes are distinguishable from one another by ion-exchange chromatography and subunit-specific antibodies. Various organs exhibit unique isozyme distribution patterns which essentially reflect the preferred mode of carbohydrate metabolism utilized, i.e., glycolysis or gluconeogenesis or both. In order to investigate whether the high aerobic glycolysis of the cancer cell can be explained on the basis of a lack of the regulatory function of PFK due to an altered isozyme distribution pattern, we compared the activity and isozymic profile of the enzyme from malignant cells of human leukemias, lymphomas, virus-transformed cell lines, and established malignant cell lines of lymphoid, myeloid, erythroid, and fibroblastic origin and their normal counterparts. The myeloid and erythroid cell lines were also investigated after in vitro differentiation induced by dimethyl sulfoxide, sodium butyrate, hemin, etc. Our results show that, as is the case with hexokinase and pyruvate kinase, the other two rate-limiting enzymes of glycolysis, PFK shows both quantitative increases and isozymic alterations secondary to altered gene expression during neoplastic transformation, both in vivo and in vitro. In contradistinction to the isozymic alteration in hexokinase and pyruvate kinase, where highly regulated liver-type isozymes decrease or disappear and are replaced by the nonregulated ones, in the case of PFK, the highly regulated liver-type isozyme not only persists but actually increases, followed by an increase in the platelet-type isozyme. These isozymic alterations closely parallel the quantitative increases in total PFK activity, which in turn is closely related to the rate of replication of cancer cells and hence an increase in metabolism. Thus, human PFK is both a transformation- and a progression-linked discriminant of malignancy (For definitions of these terms, see Weber et al., N. Engl. J. Med., 296: 486-493, 1977.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3159472 TI - Suppression of generation of concomitant antitumor immunity by passively transferred suppressor T cells from tumor-bearing donors. AB - Infusion of normal recipient mice with suppressor T cells from donors bearing a progressive Meth A fibrosarcoma results in a diminished capacity of the recipients to generate concomitant and postexcision antitumor immunity. The passive transfer of suppressor cells which prevented the generation of immunity to the Meth A fibrosarcoma did not affect the capacity of the recipients to reject an allogeneic tumor. The data provides direct evidence in support of the hypothesis that suppressor T cells, generated at later stages of growth of Meth A fibrosarcoma, function to down-regulate an already acquired mechanism of concomitant immunity. PMID- 3159474 TI - Defective facilitated diffusion of nucleosides, a primary mechanism of resistance to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine in the HCT-8 human carcinoma line. AB - In vitro resistance of HCT-8 cells to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) has been obtained after a stepwise increase (up to 1 microM) in the concentration of the nucleoside in the culture medium over a period of 6 months. With a clonogenic assay, the toxicities of 17 antineoplastic agents on HCT-8-sensitive and resistant cells were compared. Resistant cells were 700-fold resistant to FdUrd and showed different degrees of cross-resistance to several purine and pyrimidine nucleoside analogues; no cross-resistance was noted to base analogues and other cytotoxic drugs. The activities of FdUrd phosphorylase, 5'-fluorouridine kinase, 5-fluorouridine phosphorylase, 5-fluorouracil phosphoribosyltransferase, and thymidylate synthase were not significantly different in the sensitive and resistant cell lines. Mixing experiments indirectly excluded the possible elevation of the level of cytoplasmic phosphatases. The activity of FdUrd kinase in sensitive cell extracts was no more than twice that of resistant cells, and the affinities of this enzyme for FdUrd and thymidine at 0.1 to 50 microM were similar in both cell lines. However, cultures of this line failed to accumulate 5 fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate at concentrations of FdUrd that resulted in substantial accumulation of the nucleotide in the sensitive line. These contrasting data suggested a defect in the facilitated diffusion of the analogue. The entrance of free nucleoside and its subsequent phosphorylation were compared in the two lines over short (2 to 40 s) and longer time periods at 25 degrees C and at 4 degrees C over a range of extracellular FdUrd concentrations (0.1 to 10 microM). Rapid entrance of the nucleoside into sensitive cells was observed, but entry was not detectable in resistant cells. Dipyridamole and nitrobenzylthioinosine inhibition as well as high-performance liquid chromatography analysis confirmed that data obtained from the sensitive cell line during the first 40 s primarily reflected facilitated diffusion of free nucleoside. PMID- 3159475 TI - Highly selective drug combinations for human colon cancer cells resistant in vitro to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine. AB - In the preceding companion paper, we describe a human colon carcinoma cell line that is resistant in vitro to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine by virtue of impaired nucleoside transport. Two drug combinations, methotrexate: hypoxanthine: thymidine (dThd) and 5,8-dideazaisofolic acid: dThd, selectively kill these resistant cells with no effect on the sensitive cell population. As little as 0.3 microM dThd was sufficient to completely protect sensitive cells from 5-fluoro-2' deoxyuridine, and 5,8-dideazaisofolic acid at concentrations that produced over 80% lethality in unprotected cells and the same concentration of dThd in combination with 100 microM hypoxanthine fully protected sensitive cells from greater than 99% methotrexate-induced cell lethality. In contrast, when resistant cells were exposed to these drugs, they were not protected by dThd, or by the combination dThd: hypoxanthine, in concentrations up to 300 times higher than those necessary to prevent sensitive cell kill. Thus, it may be possible to protect normal renewal tissues while obtaining selective tumor cell kill with these two drug combinations in patients whose colon carcinoma cells are resistant to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine by virtue of defective transport. PMID- 3159476 TI - Cell-free system studies on the phosphorylation of the 17,000-20,000 dalton protein induced by phorbol ester in human leukemic cells and evidence for a similar event in virally transformed murine fibroblasts. AB - We have shown previously that a prominent early signal in the phorbol-12 myristate-13-acetate (PMA) effect on leukemic cells as well as on other malignant cells is a rapid and dramatic increase in the turnover of phosphate in a Mr 17,000 to 20,000 cytosolic protein and a moderate increase in turnover of phosphate in a Mr 27,000 protein, as detected in the intact cells by 2 dimensional gel electrophoresis. To further elucidate the mechanism of this phosphorylation event, we have examined the protein kinases which can reconstitute this event in a cell-free system. Activation of the endogenous Ca2+ activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (Ca-PL-PK) as well as addition of purified Ca-PL-PK to the cytosol of HL-60 leukemic cells resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of phosphoprotein Mr 27,000 (PP27) but did not affect the phosphorylation of phosphoprotein Mr 17,000 to 20,000 (PP17-20). In contrast, PP17-20 was heavily phosphorylated under cell-free conditions by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP-PK). Exposure of intact cells to dibutyryl-cAMP resulted in increased phosphorylation of PP17-20. These conditions also enhanced the phosphorylation of PP27, showing that PP27 can act as a substrate for both Ca-PL-PK and cAMP-PK under cell-free conditions. Tryptic digest analysis of PP17-20 showed that one of four phosphopeptides is preferentially phosphorylated in PMA-induced PP17-20. An additional phosphopeptide was phosphorylated in cAMP-PK-catalyzed PP17-20. Thus, cAMP-PK alone mimics the effect of PMA on phosphorylation of PP17-20, but it introduces additional modifications. The precise role of this kinase in PMA-induced phosphorylation of PP17-20 remains to be clarified. We found further that enhanced phosphorylation of PP17-20 is also associated with malignant transformation of NIH/3T3 cells transformed by V-rasKi oncogene of Kirsten sarcoma virus. The tryptic phosphopeptide map of PP17-20 (phosphorylated in vivo) in the transformed cells was similar to that of PP17-20 in PMA-treated HL-60 cells but not to that induced by cAMP-PK, suggesting that the process activated by PMA which leads to phosphorylation of PP17-20 resembles an intrinsic cellular process which is enhanced in certain malignant cells. PMID- 3159477 TI - Experimental models of heart failure. AB - Experimental models of heart failure can be used to address specific questions not easily answered in patients, but no single model can reproduce exactly any of the clinical syndromes of heart failure since these are dominated by fatigue and breathlessness. Heart failure may be induced experimentally by pressure loading, volume loading, myocardial infarction, or by the creation of other disease states within the myocardium. Pressure loading may be especially useful in the study of ventricular hypertrophy, cellular derangements and vascular changes. Volume loading may be useful when examining the pathogenesis of hormone and electrolyte disturbances. Models of myocardial infarction or destruction are likely to be the most suitable for assessing novel therapy provided that peripheral reflexes are maintained. Experimental cardiomyopathy can provide an important means of identifying pathological subcellular mechanisms. They may be of use in the evaluation of vasodilator drugs but caution should be exercised in the study of inotropic agents. Any one model may be useful if it permits study of a single factor or variable in isolation or at a time when information is not obtainable from patients. For greatest clinical relevance, studies should be made in conscious animals with intact reflexes. PMID- 3159478 TI - G inversion in bacteriophage Mu DNA is stimulated by a site within the invertase gene and a host factor. AB - The Gin function of bacteriophage Mu catalyzes inversion of the G DNA segment, thus switching the host range of Mu phage particles. This site-specific recombination event takes place between inverted repeat sequences (IR) that border the G segment. Sequences in the Mu beta region extending approximately from position 118 to 178 are essential for efficient inversion. In cis this region, termed sis, stimulates inversion about 15-fold. Neither the relative orientation of sis with respect to the IR sequences nor the distance to IR substantially influences the stimulatory effect. For full activity purified Gin protein must be supplemented with crude host factor from E. coli K12. We suggest that, in addition to Gin, a DNA-binding host protein is required for efficient G inversion. PMID- 3159479 TI - Characterization of Drosophila transcription factors that activate the tandem promoters of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene. AB - Fractionation of a nuclear extract derived from Drosophila tissue culture cells reveals the presence of multiple components involved in accurate transcription of both distal and proximal promoters of the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene. Transcription of deletion mutants indicates that a region between -24 and -85 upstream of the distal start site contains sequences required for RNA synthesis in vitro. Moreover, sequences that overlap this same upstream control region are specifically bound and protected from DNAase digestion by a promoter-specific transcription factor, Adf-1. Analysis of proximal promoter mutants identified multiple upstream elements that influence transcription, and DNAase footprint analysis detected three specific binding regions. Adf-1 binds at least one of these proximal promoter regions but interaction at this site is not specifically required for transcription. Our results suggest that multiple sequence-specific DNA binding proteins interact differentially with the proximal and distal promoters of Adh to activate transcription. PMID- 3159480 TI - Changes in the host natural killer cell population in mice during tumor development. 2. The mechanism of suppression of NK activity. AB - Our earlier studies revealed that a rapid and progressive loss of splenic NK activity in mice during the development of a number of transplanted tumors as well as of spontaneous tumors was due to an inactivation of natural killer (NK) lineage cells rather than to their disappearance. The mechanism of this inactivation have now been explored in CBA/J mice receiving transplanted Ehrlich ascites tumors and in C3H/HeJ mice bearing spontaneous mammary tumors or receiving transplants of syngeneic mammary tumor lines of recent origin. A poor activation state or maturation arrest of NK lineage cells due to a low interferon level in vivo was ruled out, since the host NK activity could not be restored after administration of either an interferon inducer poly(I:C) or interferon alpha, although such treatments enhanced the activity in tumor-free mice by four- to eightfold. Possible presence of host suppressor cells acting on the effector or preeffector stage of NK cells was explored by mixing spleen cells from tumor bearers with normal spleen cells either during the NK assay, or for a 20-hr period of in vitro short-term culture prior to the NK assay. Mixing during the NK assay led to a reduction of NK activity explicable by a simple dilution of active NK cell concentration rather a suppression of active NK cells. On the other hand, a 20-hr coculture of the mixed population at various ratios led to a complete abrogation of the NK activity, indicating that the suppressor cells acted on the preeffector stage of the NK Lineage. A further characterization of suppressor cells revealed that they were (1) contained in the adherent fraction of the spleen of tumor bearers, (2) of monocyte/macrophage morphology, (3) capable of phagocytosing latex particles, and (4) positive for surface Mac-1 antigen, as noted from a radioautographic binding of 125I-labeled monoclonal anti-Mac-1 antibody. The mechanism of the suppression was identified, at least in part, as being mediated by prostaglandin-like molecules, since the presence of indomethacin, a prostaglandin-inhibitor, during the 20-hr coculture period completely abrogated the suppression. Indomethacin exerted no direct effect on the recruitment or killer activity of NK lineage cells in vitro. NK cell suppression may be another normal immunoregulatory mechanism which alters the host-tumor balance in favor of the tumor rather than the host. PMID- 3159481 TI - Effects of suramin on the immune responses to sheep red blood cells in mice. I. In vivo studies. AB - The effect of Suramin on the cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and the humoral immune responses elicited in mice by sheep erythrocytes was studied. The results show that administration of Suramin, at various times before or after antigenic sensitization, results in a profound inhibition of cell mediated responses but has no adverse effect on antibody production. Suramin was particularly effective when given during the effector phase of DTH: mice which were treated with this drug, 4 days after immunization, at the time of skin testing, exhibit negative or low DTH responses compared to control mice. Evidence is presented that this short-term Suramin-induced suppressive effect on the expression of DTH is related to a defective recruitment, by sensitized T lymphocytes, of phagocytic cells at the site of the inflammatory reaction. In addition, when treatment with Suramin precedes by 8 days (Day -8) or by 1 hr sensitization with sheep erythrocytes for DTH, decreased DTH reactions over controls were observed. The inhibitory effect exerted by Suramin administered on Day -8 can be reversed by increasing the dose, from 10(6) to 10(8) sheep erythrocytes, of the sensitizing antigen. The possibility is discussed that, in this case, Suramin may interfere with the generation of DTH-mediating cells through a rapid degradation of antigen related to the Suramin-induced hyperplasia of the mononuclear phagocyte system. In contrast, DTH anergy in mice treated with Suramin 1 hr before sensitization is maintained regardless of the sensitizing antigen dose. Analysis of the sensitized lymphocyte population in these mice indicates that Suramin does not prevent the induction of DTH-mediating cells and suggests that the expression of these latter is inhibited by suppressive cells which are generated as a result of drug treatment. PMID- 3159482 TI - Effects of suramin on the immune responses to sheep red blood cells in mice. II. In vitro studies. AB - The effect of Suramin on the secondary in vitro response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) was studied. Spleen cells from mice which were treated with Suramin immediately prior to sensitization with SRBC failed to respond to an in vitro SRBC challenge. This Suramin-induced immunosuppression is not related to a defect in macrophage or B-cell function(s). Suramin does not interfere with the induction by SRBC of radioresistant and radiosensitive helper-T-cell subpopulations. Cell separation studies, using wheat germ agglutinin, showed radiosensitive helper-T-cell function in the nonagglutinated fraction while the radioresistant helper activities are carried out by the agglutinated subpopulation. Evidence is presented that Suramin administration results in a suppressive T-cell activity which can be demonstrated in the subpopulation agglutinated by wheat germ agglutinin. The role of such suppressive T cells in the inhibitory effect exerted by Suramin on the cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity response to SRBC is discussed. PMID- 3159483 TI - Characterization of immune effector cells present in early murine decidua. AB - It has been suggested that murine decidual cells act as an important immunoregulatory population localized to the pregnant uterus. We have examined early murine decidua to determine if immune effector cells occur in the decidual environment in proximity to the conceptus. High levels of natural killer (NK) cell activity were found consistently in decidual cell suspensions with peak activity occurring on Day 6.5 of gestation. NK activity declined as pregnancy proceeded and was not significant by Day 12.5 of gestation. Decidual cell suspensions did not appear to contain significant numbers of functional B or T effector cells. No antipaternal T-cell response could be demonstrated even in the decidua of immune mice. Lack of T-cell responses was attributed to the absence of T cells from decidua rather than to their inactivation because precursors of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (pCTL) could not be detected in decidual cell suspensions. Furthermore, the levels of pCTL detectable in spleen cell suspensions could not be reduced by mixing spleen cells with 7.5-day decidual cells. These results suggest that B cells and T cells may not occur in early decidua while NK cells are present and regulated independently. PMID- 3159484 TI - Staphylococcus aureus-induced suppression of contact sensitivity in mice: suppressor cells elicited by polyclonal B-cell activation are regulated by idiotype--anti-idiotype interactions. AB - Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I, a strong polyclonal B-cell activator (PBA), inhibited contact sensitivity to oxazolone in mice when administered 24 hr before sensitization. This suppression was mediated by idiotype-positive (Id+) B lymphocytes, which arose very early during the sensitization process and induced anti-Id B cells. These cells were found at Day 3 of the sensitization process and exerted their effect by activating antigen-specific suppressor T lymphocytes, which affected the efferent phase of the immune response. S. aureus strain Wood 46, which lacks of the ability to act as a PBA, was unable to inhibit contact sensitivity. These results indicate that PBA may play an important role in the regulation of cell-mediated immune reactions. PMID- 3159485 TI - OKB7, a monoclonal antibody that reacts at or near the C3d binding site of human CR2. AB - OKB7, an IgG2 mouse monoclonal antibody, binds to the C3d receptor (CR2) of human B lymphocytes in or near the active site of the receptor. OKB7 precipitates the same molecule as monoclonal antibodies B2 and HB-5 which have previously been reported to react with the C3d receptor at epitopes distant from the active site. The epitope recognized by OKB7 is distinct from those bound by B2 and HB-5 as shown in competitive binding experiments and is near the complement binding site since OKB7 blocks EAC3d rosetting at concentrations as low as 1 microgram/ml in the absence of cross-linking antibodies. PMID- 3159486 TI - [Secondary prevention of Down's syndrome in Czechoslovakia 1975-1975]. PMID- 3159487 TI - Prolactin levels and hormonal profile in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer during endocrine treatments. AB - Seventy postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer, the majority not having been pretreated, underwent a hormonal profile study (LH, FSH, PRL, E2, testosterone, TSH, T3, T4, FT3, FT4 serum levels) by RIA standard methods. The result was that these patients had the same mean hormonal profile of normal controls. The hormonal profile was studied in 66 patients before and after one month of treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate at high doses (MAP h.d.) (45 patients), tamoxifen (TAM) (10 pts.) and MAP h.d. + TAM + bromocriptine (MTB) (11 pts.). No significant difference in the pre-treatment hormonal profile was observed in either patients who responded to the subsequent treatment or in those who did not. MAP h.d. induced a marked inhibition of gonadotropins, E2, testosterone, T3, T4 while PRL, TSH and FT3 remained unchanged and FT4 increased. TAM induced a decrease of gonadotropins and T4 while all the other hormones remained unchanged. MTB induced the same effects of MAP h.d. as well as a decrease of PRL serum levels. All hormonal variations except PRL occurred independently of the clinical response. A particular behaviour of PRL was evident after one month of treatment with MAP h.d. and TAM: patients who did not respond had a statistically significant increase of PRL serum levels while in responders the PRL serum levels decreased or remained unchanged. Specifically 24 out of 28 (86%) patients with an increase greater than 20% of the PRL levels were non responders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159488 TI - Cross resistance of quinolone derivatives in gram-negative bacteria. AB - A total of 127 Gram-negative bacteria resistant to nalidixic acid were isolated from as many patients affected by urinary tract infections and hospitalized in the first Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples. Enterobacteria were identified by Enterotube system (Roche) and API 20 system (Ayerst). Non fermentative bacteria were identified by OXI/FERM system (Roche). The following bacteria were collected: Escherichia coli 50, Proteus spp. 35, Enterobacter agglomerans 12, Serratia sp. 5, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 25. The in vitro antibacterial activity of nalidixic acid and three other quinoline derivatives (pipemidic acid, oxolinic acid and ciprofloxacin) were studied by determining the MICs by a miniaturized dilution broth method. The MICs were compared to evaluate the eventual cross resistance to the drugs under examination within each bacterial species. The results showed that 23% of bacteria were resistant to nalidixic acid, pipemidic acid and oxolinic acid; 49.6% to nalidixic and pipemidic acid and 0.7% to nalidixic acid and oxolinic acid. On the other hand none of the bacteria were resistant to ciprofloxacin. The last showed very low MICs against all the bacteria under examination, including Pseudomonas and Serratia. The high antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin even against bacteria highly resistant to the other quinolines could be due to a greater affinity of the target sites or to the better permeability of resistant strains to the newer drug or because it is unaffected until now by mutations of genes responsible for cross resistance. PMID- 3159489 TI - Filamentation of Escherichia coli K12 elicited by some monomeric, dimeric and trimeric complexes of ruthenium in various oxidation states. AB - A number of ruthenium complexes were tested for their ability to induce filamentation in Escherichia coli. These included monomeric and dimeric complexes with ruthenium in the II or III oxidation states, as well as mixed-valence complexes with ruthenium in the (II,III) oxidation states. In general, dimeric mixed-valence Ru(II,III) complexes were the most active class of compound, although some complexes of this type were relatively inactive. These were pyrazine- or bipyridyl-bridged complexes which are known to involve strong metal ligand interaction, which stabilizes the Ru(II) oxidation state. Some Ru(III) complexes were also significantly active in induction of filamentous growth in E. coli. One of these was [Ru(NH3)5Cl]Cl2, which did not inhibit electron transport, Mg2+-ATPase activity or DNA synthesis in E. coli, but like [Ru2(NH3)6Br3]Br2 X H2O was a potent inhibitor of respiration-driven calcium transport in the organism. Filament-inducing activity of the complex was reduced in the presence of NaCl, but not in the presence of added Ca2+, ethanol, calcium pantothenate, or E. coli 'division promoting extract'. This behaviour is also similar to that of [Ru2(NH3)6Br3]Br2 X H2O. It is suggested that both complexes may induce filamentation in E. coli by a common mechanism, which may involve interference with calcium metabolism, or a wall or membrane target, rather than interaction with DNA. PMID- 3159490 TI - Activity of esterase in the hydrolysis of 3',5'-diesters of 5-fluoro-2' deoxyuridine in relation to the structure of the diester prodrugs. PMID- 3159491 TI - [Schoenlein-Henoch nephritis in children treated with by removing heat and activating blood--report of 14 cases]. PMID- 3159492 TI - [Changes in serum lipid levels in coronary heart disease with energy stagnancy and blood stasis]. PMID- 3159493 TI - [106 cases of chronic gastritis treated mainly by replenishing qi (vital energy) and reducing blood stasis]. PMID- 3159494 TI - [34 cases of peripheral vascular disease treated with activating blood circulation and correcting stasis]. PMID- 3159495 TI - [42 cases of aplastic anemia treated by traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine]. PMID- 3159496 TI - [Effects of Tripterygium wilfordii on rheumatoid arthritis--analysis of 165 cases]. PMID- 3159497 TI - [310 cases of articular rheumatism treated with feng shi han tong tablets]. PMID- 3159499 TI - [Effect of Ligustrazini (a new calcium antagonist?) on cardiovascular tissue: pharmacodynamic and electrophysiological studies]. PMID- 3159498 TI - [157 cases of chronic colonitis treated with traditional Chinese massage in the management of a thoracic intervertebral joint disorder]. PMID- 3159501 TI - [Effect of Typha angustata on acute experimental myocardial infarction in rabbits]. PMID- 3159500 TI - [Effects of qi jia dan in injectable form on improving microcirculatory disorders in rabbits irradiated with gamma-rays. Determination of blood circulation time and capillary permeability by fluorescence angiography]. PMID- 3159502 TI - [Labor-inducing effect of Typha angustata in injectable form and its pharmacological properties]. PMID- 3159503 TI - Pharmacokinetics of nitrate in humans: role of gastrointestinal absorption and metabolism. AB - A model to describe the response of the blood pool to an oral dose of nitrate in humans has been developed. The permeability-area product of the small intestine to nitrate was estimated by comparing simulations from a three-compartment model with published data for blood nitrate concentration following nitrate ingestion. The transport of nitrate from the bloodstream to the lumen of the large intestine and the metabolism of nitrate by enteric bacteria were examined by including an additional compartment representing the large bowel. The simulations indicate that the bacteria of the large intestine may be responsible for about half of the extrarenal removal of nitrate from the body. This prediction was tested experimentally by comparing the urinary recoveries of 15NO3- in conventional and germfree rats following an i.p. dose of Na15NO3. The mean urinary recovery in germfree rats (71% of dose) substantially exceeded that in rats with conventional bacterial flora (54%). This suggests that of the 40-45% of a nitrate dose that is metabolized in the body rather than excreted in urine as nitrate, approximately half is metabolized by mammalian processes and approximately half by enteric bacteria. This conclusion is consistent with that obtained from our pharmacokinetic model of nitrate in humans. PMID- 3159504 TI - Balloon angioplasty. Natural history of the pathophysiological response to injury in a pig model. AB - The restenosis or occlusion that frequently follows balloon angioplasty is poorly understood. Thus, the pathophysiological response to angioplasty of the common carotid artery in 38 heparinized normal pigs was investigated by quantification of the 111In-labeled platelet deposition and histological and electron microscopic examination from 1 hour to 60 days after angioplasty. At 1 hour, the following findings were noted: complete endothelial denudation in all arteries, marked platelet deposition (44.7 +/- 20.7 X 10(6)/cm2), mural thrombus in seven of 10 pigs, and a medial tear extending through the internal elastic lamina in nine of 18 arteries. All nine arteries with tears had associated mural thrombus and severe platelet deposition (76 X 10(6)/cm2); in contrast, the nine arteries without a tear had no mural thrombus and much lower platelet deposition (6 X 10(6)/cm2). Necrosis of medial smooth muscle cells was evident at 24 hours. Platelet deposition remained high at 24 hours (40.5 +/- 20.6 X 10(6)/cm2), but was markedly reduced at 4 days (4.4 +/- 1.5 X 10(6)/cm2), coincident with partial regrowth of endothelium or periluminal lining cells. No significant platelet deposition was noted at 7 days, when the endothelial cell type of regrowth was largely complete. Intimal proliferation of smooth muscle cells was mild and patchy at 7 days, significantly greater and more uniform at 14 days, and unchanged at 30 and 60 days after angioplasty. Complete thrombotic occlusion occurred in four (11%) of the 38 pigs. A significant stenosis present at 30 days after angioplasty was shown by histological examination to be due to organization of mural thrombus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159505 TI - Participation of endogenous catecholamines in the regulation of left ventricular mass in progeny of hypertensive parents. AB - To investigate whether adrenergic activity is a determinant of left ventricular hypertrophy in human hypertension, in each of 10 normotensive subjects with two hypertensive parents we have examined the relationship between changes in echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular anatomy and those in circulating catecholamine levels induced by three, 3 week periods of different sodium and potassium intakes. A high sodium-normal potassium regimen induced a significant reduction in upright plasma norepinephrine (from 599 +/- 89 to 379 +/- 45 pg/ml, p less than .01) and in posterior wall (PWT) and interventricular septal (IVST) thickness, as well as in the left ventricular mass index (LVMi). Changes in upright plasma norepinephrine concentrations correlated with those in IVST (r = .822, p less than .01) and in LVMi (r = .833, p less than .01). A low sodium normal potassium diet resulted in increases in supine and upright plasma norepinephrine levels (from 356 +/- 44 to 488 +/- 89 pg/ml, p less than .001; and from 565 +/- 42 to 744 +/- 33 pg/ml, p less than .01) as well as increases in IVST and LVMi (from 97 +/- 7 to 107 +/- 7 g/m2, p less than .001). The changes in norepinephrine levels in supine and upright subjects correlated with changes in IVST (r = .836, p less than .01 and r = .796, p less than .01) and in LVMi (r = .931, p less than .001 and r = .947, p less than .001). No significant change in plasma catecholamine concentrations or in PWT, IVST, or LVMi was detected after a low sodium-high potassium regimen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159506 TI - Transluminal, subselective measurement of coronary artery blood flow velocity and vasodilator reserve in man. AB - Assessment of coronary blood flow and the vasodilator reserve capacity of individual coronary arteries in the catheterization laboratory has been hampered by methodologic limitations. We have developed and validated a small Doppler catheter that can subselectively measure phasic coronary blood flow velocity (CBFV). In seven anesthetized calves, CBFV was varied from 0.1 to 5.7 times control CBFV. Changes in mean CBFV measured intraluminally by catheter in the left anterior descending and left circumflex arteries were similar to those measured simultaneously with an epicardial Doppler probe on the surface of the same vessel (n = 85, r = .95, slope = 1.04) and to changes in coronary sinus flow (n = 69, r = .97, slope = 1.06) measured with timed venous collections. Identical maximal coronary reactive hyperemic responses with the catheter present and absent in the artery being studied demonstrated that coronary obstruction by the catheter was minimal. Safety studies in six additional calves demonstrated that the catheter caused small changes in coronary endothelial permeability. Histologic studies revealed no endothelial denudation or thrombus formation. Stable phasic recordings of coronary blood flow velocity have been obtained in 58 of 70 patients studied. One of the 70 patients studied had abrupt coronary occlusion probably related to catheter-induced vasospasm. In 10 normal patients, intracoronary meglumine diatrizoate increased CBFV to 3.5 times that at rest (range 2.8 to 5.0). CBFV rose 5.0-fold after an intravenous infusion of dipyridamole (range 3.8 to 7.0). In each patient, dipyridamole produced greater vasodilation than meglumine diatrizoate. The time- and dose-response characteristics to dipyridamole infusion were heterogeneous, underscoring the advantage of continuous on-line measurement of CBFV in the measurement of vasodilator reserve. This method of measuring CBFV and assessing vasodilator reserve in the catheterization laboratory should facilitate studies of the coronary circulation in man. PMID- 3159507 TI - Left ventricular aneurysm and the prediction of left ventricular enlargement studied by two-dimensional echocardiography: quantitative assessment of aneurysm size in relation to clinical course. AB - A retrospective study was performed to elucidate the process of left ventricular aneurysm formation and its influence on left ventricular enlargement based on serial two-dimensional echocardiographic observations from 150 consecutive patients with first acute anterior myocardial infarction. Echocardiograms were available and interpretable through the entire period of observation in 68 patients. Because of early death in 13 patients, echocardiograms of 55 patients, 22 with and 33 without aneurysm, were analyzed from 1 to 28 days after infarction. Patients with aneurysms were separated into two groups with large (group 1, 11 patients) and small aneurysms (group 2, 11 patients) on the basis of ratios of aneurysm to overall left ventricular circumferential length [Lcf LV(RAO)] and area [Area-LV(RAO)], i.e., Lcf(An/LV)-RAO and Area(An/LV)-RAO, respectively, in the right anterior oblique equivalent view at the time of aneurysm formation, with reference to Forrester's subset. Group 1 consisted of patients with Lcf(An/LV)-RAO of 0.4 or greater or Area(An/LV)RAO of 0.3 or greater while group 2 included patients with Lcf(An/LV)-RAO less than 0.4 or Area(An/LV)-RAO less than 0.3. In the test for time trend in these groups with a one-way analysis of variance, Lcf-LV in RAO equivalent and apical four-chamber views and Area-LV in apical four-chamber view effectively separated group 1 from groups 2 and 3 (without aneurysm) with significance (p less than .005, p less than .01, and p less than .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159508 TI - Mildly dilated congestive cardiomyopathy. AB - Five patients with only mildly dilated ventricles but other features typical of congestive cardiomyopathy underwent cardiac transplantation for class IV NYHA heart failure. The findings of clinical studies, cardiac catheterization, endomyocardial biopsy, and pathologic examination of the removed hearts in this group with mildly dilated congestive cardiomyopathy (MDCM) were compared with similar data in four patients with idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy (IRCM) and in 10 patients with typical dilated congestive cardiomyopathy (DCM). In comparison with the other groups, patients with MDCM had a higher incidence of familial cardiomyopathy (p = .02) and a shorter symptomatic period than patients with IRCM (p less than .02). Patients with both MDCM and DCM had globular hearts (with predominant left ventricular dilatation), congestive hemodynamics and poor left ventricular contractility (ejection fraction 12% to 19%), and high incidence of ventricular thrombi. Patients with IRCM showed normal ventricular size, marked atrial dilatation, restrictive hemodynamics, mild-to-moderate decrease in left ventricular contractility (ejection fraction 29% to 55%), and absence of ventricular thrombi. Cardiac index, ventricular wall thickness, and light microscopic findings were similar in the three groups of patients. Electron microscopy showed no myofibrillar loss in patients with IRCM but mild (partial) or moderate-to-severe (almost total) myofibrillar loss in those with MDCM and DCM, respectively. We conclude that end-stage congestive cardiomyopathy may occur without significant ventricular dilatation and patients with MDCM have heart sizes intermediate between those found in IRCM and DCM but their clinical, hemodynamic, and pathologic findings are virtually identical to those of patients with typical DCM. PMID- 3159509 TI - Diastolic abnormalities in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: relation to magnitude of left ventricular hypertrophy. AB - To investigate the relationship between diastolic abnormalities and left ventricular hypertrophy, 52 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and 22 normal subjects were studied with digitized M mode echocardiography and two dimensional echocardiography. Echocardiographic indexes of diastolic function were compared in patients with different extent of left ventricular hypertrophy. Time interval from minimum left ventricular internal dimension to mitral valve opening and time to peak rate of increase in left ventricular internal dimension were significantly prolonged (80 +/- 31 and 100 +/- 37 msec, respectively) in patients with HCM and the most extensive left ventricular hypertrophy compared with those in patients with mild left ventricular hypertrophy (59 +/- 25 and 74 +/- 34 msec, respectively; p less than .01). Furthermore, peak rate of posterior wall diastolic excursion was significantly reduced in those patients with HCM and posterior wall hypertrophy (8.3 +/- 4.0 cm/sec) compared with that in patients with HCM but normal posterior wall thickness (11.2 +/- 3.4 cm/sec; p less than .002). However, abnormal M mode echocardiographic indexes of diastolic function were also identified in a substantial proportion of patients (i.e., 73%) with HCM and only mild left ventricular hypertrophy. In these patients, time interval from minimum left ventricular internal dimension to mitral valve opening (59 +/- 25 msec), peak rate (12 +/- 4 cm/sec), and time to peak rate of increase in left ventricular internal dimension (74 +/- 34 msec) were significantly different from normal (25 +/- 12 msec, 21 +/- 3 cm/sec, and 49 +/- 12 msec, respectively; p less than .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159510 TI - The effects of coronary angioplasty and reperfusion on distribution of myocardial flow. AB - To assess the effects of angioplasty (PTCA) and intracoronary streptokinase (ICSK) on relative myocardial perfusion, we administered 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) to the uninvolved coronary artery before successful PTCA in 33 patients and before successful infusion of ICSK in eight patients and of 111In MAA into the same vessel after the intervention. In 10 patients who underwent PTCA, MAA was injected into the involved, instrumented coronary artery. Computer processed images were acquired in registry and compared. Similar scintigraphic studies were performed in six control patients and in 11 in whom planned interventions were not performed or were unsuccessful. Distribution of MAA was also compared with angiographic results and with the distribution of 201Tl on images obtained in patients at rest or on redistribution images obtained before and soon after intervention in 22 patients. In control patients and those studied after aborted or unsuccessful intervention, scintigraphic results showed excellent correlation with the angiographic anatomy and were without serial change. When MAA was injected into the uninvolved vessel, the scintigram revealed evidence of collateral perfusion with retraction of the perfusion zone from that of the involved coronary in 19 of 33 patients undergoing PTCA and in three of eight of those receiving ICSK. When MAA was injected into the involved artery, a relative increase in perfusion was seen in eight of 10 patients after PTCA. Although 30 patients demonstrated scintigraphic evidence of collateral vessels, only 10 patients had angiographic evidence of collateral circulation before intervention. The distribution of 201Tl demonstrated little change in its global pattern and regions previously supplied by collaterals were generally well perfused after intervention. Coronary collateral perfusion may be inapparent angiographically and regress rapidly after angioplasty or reperfusion. Native perfusion is generally and quickly restored after successful PTCA or ICSK infusion, which obviates the need for collaterals. After intervention, the distribution of total perfusion may not change, but its regional source may demonstrate beneficial alterations, shifting from collateral to native circulation. PMID- 3159511 TI - The effect of cyclooxygenase inhibition on vasomotion of proximal coronary arteries with endothelial damage. AB - Vasomotion of the proximal branches of the left coronary artery was studied in an intact anesthetized canine preparation after injury to the endothelium of the left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery (LAD) with a balloon angioplasty catheter. The dimensions of the left coronary artery were examined by quantitative angiography and LAD flow was measured by determining intracoronary 133Xe washout. Thirty minutes after endothelial damage alone dimensions of the LAD remained unchanged. In five dogs continued observation for a total of 120 min revealed no significant change in dimensions of the LAD. In another group of five dogs, after the administration of 5 mg/kg indomethacin there was a progressive reduction in cross-sectional area of the LAD by 60, 90, and 105 min (37%, 42%, and 50%, respectively, p less than .05). No significant change in the dimensions of the undamaged left circumflex artery was noted after the administration of indomethacin. The effect of another cyclooxygenase inhibitor (4 mg/kg meclofenamate) on endothelial damage to the LAD in an additional four dogs was also examined. Again significant reduction of the cross-sectional area of the LAD was seen at 60 and 120 min (40% and 44%, respectively, p less than .05). Heart rate and blood pressure were unchanged throughout the experiment in control and indomethacin-treated dogs. Mean blood pressure rose slightly after administration of meclofenamate (from 80 +/- 5 to 98 +/- 7 at 120 min, p less than .05). These data indicate that the combination of endothelial injury and cyclooxygenase inhibition with indomethacin or meclofenamate results in proximal coronary artery vasoconstriction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159513 TI - Direct solid-phase radioimmunoassay for screening 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in whole-blood samples from newborns. AB - We describe a direct, solid-phase RIA for 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OH-P) that we are using to screen neonates for congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Phosphate buffer containing danazol and anti-17-OH-P is placed in tubes coated with antibody to IgG. The tubes also contain standards, controls, or blood samples on filter paper discs 3 mm in diameter. 125I-labeled 17-OH-P is added to each tube. The mixture is vortex-mixed and incubated overnight. The fluid and disc are removed, the radioactivity remaining in the tubes is counted, and the amount of 17-OH-P per disc is calculated by using a log-logit transformation of the standard curve. Results compare favorably with those by two extraction assays. Inter- and intra-assay CVs were less than 11% and less than 9%, respectively. Sensitivity was 2 pg per assay tube. There is no significant cross reactivity with structurally related steroids at their physiological concentrations. Analytical recovery of added 17-OH-P averaged 104%. 17-OH-P in whole blood spotted on filter paper is stable for at least six months. PMID- 3159512 TI - Immediate functional recovery and avoidance of reperfusion injury with surgical revascularization of short-term coronary occlusion. AB - Functional recovery with surgical revascularization of acutely ischemic myocardium has not been compared with its nonsurgical counterpart in experimental preparations of coronary occlusion. This study compares the functional and metabolic recovery of ischemic (1 hr coronary occlusion) segments revascularized either by restoration of coronary patency (simulating nonsurgical recanalization, e.g., angioplasty) or by surgical revascularization with multidose hypothermic potassium blood cardioplegic solution. Twenty-two anesthetized open-chest dogs were instrumented with Millar micromanometer-tip catheters to measure left ventricular and aortic pressures. Piezoelectric ultrasonic dimension gauges were implanted in the subendocardium supplied by the left anterior descending coronary artery to measure segmental contractile function. In five dogs, only biopsy samples were obtained for control measurements of ATP, creatine phosphate, and tissue water content. In the remaining 17 dogs, the left anterior descending artery and collaterals were ligated for 1 hr. The ligatures were removed in eight dogs and coronary perfusion continued for 2 hr, simulating nonsurgical reperfusion. The remaining nine dogs were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass and the hearts were arrested for 1 hr with multidose (every 20 min) blood cardioplegic solution enhanced with glutamate and aspartate, simulating surgical revascularization (coronary artery bypass grafting). The coronary ligatures were not released until the second cardioplegic infusion, simulating graft placement. One hour of coronary occlusion placed 39.4 +/- 2.5% of the left ventricle at risk, and converted active systolic shortening to persistent paradoxical bulging (25.2 +/- 2.2% to -5.8 +/- 1.2% systolic shortening).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159514 TI - Elevated serum galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase, a collagen synthesis marker, in fibrosing lung diseases. AB - The activity of galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase, an enzyme catalyzing collagen biosynthesis, was measured in the sera of 101 patients with various pulmonary diseases to study whether detectable enzyme amounts are liberated into the serum from the lung tissue, and whether this is associated with the development of lung fibrosis. Increased serum galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase activity was found in all the patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis and in about half of the patients with acute stages of farmer's lung and infectious pneumonia. In one third of the patients with stage I sarcoidosis the serum enzyme activity was slightly increased, whereas in bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis the values were mostly within the normal range. In conclusion, elevated serum enzyme activity was demonstrated in connection with those respiratory diseases in which pulmonary fibrosis was already verifiable or relatively often develops later. Measurements of serum galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase may, thus, be useful in evaluating actual lung collagen synthesis in human pulmonary diseases. PMID- 3159515 TI - Increase of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity in mononuclear blood cells by stimulation: detection of heterozygotes of GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency. AB - An assay is described for GTP cyclohydrolase I activity in human mononuclear cells isolated from 20 ml of heparinized blood. The activity of this enzyme was low in unstimulated cells and increased 5-10 times after stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (formation of 0.8-1.3 pmol dihydroneopterin triphosphate/min per mg protein at 37 degrees C, n = 15) or mixed lymphocyte culture. No activity was detected in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mononuclear cells of a patient with proven GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency in liver; the samples from the father and mother of the patient showed 30 and 46%, respectively, of the mean of 15 healthy controls. In unstimulated cells, neopterin was the main component of the total intracellular pterins (after oxidation). After stimulation, dihydroneopterin triphosphate, measured as neopterin triphosphate by high performance liquid chromatography, was increased 10-30 times; neopterin and pterin were increased only 2- to 6-fold. Since the immunoreactive cells from this patient were unable to produce pterins and all immunological tests on the patient were normal, it is concluded that neither dihydroneopterin triphosphate, nor one of its metabolites are of primary importance for an immune reaction. The assay described can be used for the detection of heterozygotes of GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency. PMID- 3159516 TI - Evaluation of hypertension and related target organ damage by average day-time blood pressure. AB - Aim of the present study was to verify whether average blood pressure continuously recorded throughout the day correlates with the degree of target organ damage more closely than casual pressure in hypertensive patients. The study was conducted in 102 subjects with borderline, moderate and severe hypertension. Our results confirm a closer relationship between cardiovascular complications and recorder blood pressure than casual pressure possibly because the latter less perfectly reflects the patients usual pressures which are generally lower. However our results further demonstrate that blood pressure variability also contributes to the degree of target organ damage since for equal average day-time pressures a greater severity of cardiovascular complications was observed in patients with the highest blood pressure variability and the highest peaks of pressure. These findings should be carefully considered when evaluating the effect of antihypertensive drugs. PMID- 3159517 TI - The influence of monotherapy with oxprenolol and nitrendipine on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensives. AB - We investigated whether beta-blockers or calcium-antagonists might be preferred in baseline antihypertensive therapy. In middle-aged male patients with essential BP readings did not differ between patients on Oxprenolol or on Nitrendipine (average BP: 123 +/- 12/81 +/- 14 vs. 129 +/- 17/80 +/- 10 mmHg), when clinical casual BP was within the normotensive range. Average BP at work was lower than clinical casual BP taken at the same day (125 +/- 14/80 +/- 12 vs. 133 +/- 12/87 +/-13 mmHg). A linear dependency between SBP at work and level of self reported physical activity (F(3,413) = 7.6; p less than or equal to 0.001) and arousal was found (F(3,374) = 5.2; p less than or equal to 0.02). Patients on Oxprenolol consistently had lower SBP at a particular level of physical activity and at lower levels of arousal than patients on Nitrendipine. We conclude that both regimen were equally effective as baseline antihypertensive monotherapy. PMID- 3159518 TI - Accelerated natriuresis induced by synthetic atrial natriuretic polypeptide in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Effects of synthetic alpha human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) on diuresis, natriuresis and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were compared between 4-5 month-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) under ether anesthesia. In both groups, the peptide injected (0.5 micrograms/100g body weight, i.v.) caused potent (about ten fold), rapid and short-acting (for 15 min) increases in sodium (Na+) and chloride excretions and also an increase in urine flow and potassium excretion with lesser magnitude. Although ratios of the maximum response to basal value were much the same, net increases in urine flow and Na+ output were significantly greater in SHR than in WKY. As to the effect on MAP, a rapid (within 2 min) fall observed in the two groups. These results suggest that the atrial natriuretic peptide may be involved in the altered regulatory mechanism of fluid and electrolyte balance in SHR models with genetic hypertension. PMID- 3159519 TI - A folate sensitive heritable fragile site at 19p13. AB - A fragile site at 19p13 was found in the mother of a newborn girl with Downs syndrome. The fragile site was expressed in medium containing low folate and by addition of FdU, whereas high folate, thymidine and thymidine-analogues inhibited the expression. This fragile site may prove valuable for linkage studies on chromosome 19. PMID- 3159520 TI - Immunology of abortion. PMID- 3159521 TI - Inhibition of the receptor for interleukin-2 induced by carbimazole: relevance for the therapy of autoimmune thyroid disease. AB - Evidence has been accumulated that the anti-thyroid drugs used in the treatment of Graves' disease may have immunosuppressive properties but the exact mechanism of action is still unclear. In the present study, we have investigated the in vitro effect of carbimazole (CBZ) on the expression of lymphocyte differentiation antigens and on suppressor cell activity. The incorporation of radiolabelled methimazole (35S-MMI, the active metabolite of CBZ) by resting and mitogen stimulated lymphocytes was also investigated. CBZ at concentrations of 60 microM significantly inhibited the expression of the receptor for interleukin-2 (as defined by the anti-TAC monoclonal antibody [MoAb]) by lymphocytes stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin. The expression of an early activation antigen (as characterized by the 4F2 MoAb) was not affected. Twenty-four hour pre-incubation of cells with different concentrations of CBZ or medium alone did not change the lymphocyte response to mitogenic stimulation, thus suggesting no effect of the compound on suppressor cell function. Finally, there were no significant differences in the uptake of 35S-MMI between resting and stimulated lymphocytes. These data suggest that the immunosuppressive effect of CBZ may be due to its effect of reducing the expression of the receptor for interleukin-2 on lymphocytes undergoing full activation. This property of CBZ could be of relevance in the therapy of autoimmune thyroid diseases (not only Graves' disease) which are characterised by the presence of activated T cells in the thyroid and in circulation. PMID- 3159522 TI - Prevention of immune precipitation by purified components of the alternative pathway. AB - The role of the alternative pathway in complement-mediated prevention of immune precipitation has been investigated by the use of BSA-anti-BSA immune complex (IC) purified components. For immune precipitation to be prevented all six alternative pathway components (C3, factors B D, P, H and I) were required. In the absence of one or both of the control proteins H and I, excessive fluid phase turnover of C3 occurred with precipitation of IC. Kinetic studies showed that in the presence of the control proteins, an initial phase of precipitation occurred, and was followed by a phase of resolubilization of IC. When the efficiency of classical and alternative pathways in the prevention of immune precipitation was compared it was found that the classical pathway proteins were more effective than the alternative pathway components. A reaction mixture containing the components of both pathways was no better than the classical pathway protein alone. 125I-C3 was bound to IC which had been rendered soluble in the presence of classical or alternative pathway components. A molar ratio of two molecules C3b:five molecules IgG was calculated. Other complement components which were bound to IC which had been formed in the presence of serum were C1q, C4, C2, C3, C5, P and H. Factors B and I were not detected. Our findings suggest that the alternative pathway is of secondary importance to the classical pathway in the prevention of immune precipitation. PMID- 3159523 TI - Neutrophil phagocytosis in sarcoidosis. Reduced C3b receptor-mediated phagocytosis in active and silent sarcoidosis. AB - The phagocytic and complement receptor function of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) from patients with sarcoidosis was studied using a kinetic assay which allows the distinction to be made between Fc receptor-mediated and C3b receptor mediated particle uptake. The study included one group (A) of patients with active disease (n = 20), and one group (B) with silent or inactive disease who since 10 years had no symptoms or radiological signs of sarcoidosis (n = 11). Abnormal C3b receptor function was observed in both groups but the impairment was most pronounced in the A group. The presence of C3b receptor dysfunction in both groups with a quantitative difference between the groups, is compatible with C3b receptor dysfunction being a primary causal factor of sarcoidosis. PMID- 3159524 TI - Immunoregulatory circuits in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome and related complex. Production of and response to interleukins 1 and 2, NK function and its enhancement by interleukin-2 and kinetics of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - The production of the T cell lymphokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) was found to impaired in all of seven male patients with AIDS or homosexuals with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (AIDS related complex, AIDS-RC) whom we studied. Conversely the T cell response to IL-2 was found unimpaired as was the production of the monocyte factor interleukin-1 (IL-1). The response of T cells to IL-1 was found markedly decreased in two of the four patients with AIDS and in two of the three patients with AIDS-RC. Five of six patients had flat curves in autologous mixed lymphocyte cultures with no significant proliferative response throughout 7 days. The exception was a Haitian heterosexual patient with AIDS. Natural killer cell function was decreased in three of four patients with AIDS and two of three patients with AIDS-RC but it augmented normally in the presence of IL-2 in four, including the two who had it normal basally. Responses to pokeweed mitogen were within normal limits in all seven patients despite decreased responses to concanavalin A and phytohaemagglutinin. These findings help pinpoint the defect in AIDS to the T4+ cell, and perhaps even to one of its subpopulations, and suggest a role for IL-2 in the treatment of AIDS. PMID- 3159525 TI - Helper and suppressor T lymphocyte function in severe alcoholic liver disease. AB - The immune regulatory T cell status of patients with severe alcoholic liver disease (ALD) was investigated. Using monoclonal antibodies to identify lymphocyte subsets in 22 patients, a significant decrease in the percentage of T suppressor/cytotoxic cells (P less than 0.01) and increase in the percentage T helper/inducer population (P less than 0.05) was observed when the results were compared with 20 normal controls. However, when absolute numbers of these lymphocyte subsets were calculated the patient group did not differ significantly from the controls. Further studies revealed T immunoregulatory cell function to be normal. Concanavalin A induced suppressor cells resulted in equivalent inhibition of autologous cell mitogen responsiveness in the patient and control groups. In addition, purified patient T lymphocytes were demonstrated to provide normal help to and manifest normal suppression of IgG, IgA and IgM synthesis by allogeneic B cells. When spontaneous immunoglobulin synthesis by circulating mononuclear cells was investigated, a significant increase in IgA synthesis was found in the ALD patients (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that T cell immunoregulation is normal in patients with ALD and a defect in this system is not responsible for the increased synthesis of immunoglobulin observed in ALD. PMID- 3159526 TI - Relationship between intensity of infection and immunomodulation in human schistosomiasis. I. Lymphocyte subpopulations and specific antibody responses. AB - Cellular and humoral immune responsiveness in 44 Sudanese children with schistosomiasis was studied and related to the intensity of infection. The parasite load was quantitated by accurate assessment of the excretion of ova of S. mansoni and S. haematobium in stool and urine, respectively. Lymphocyte subpopulations (T3+, T4+, T8+, TAC+, HNK1+, Ia+, SIg+, LGL+, ANAE+) as well as specific IgE and IgG antibodies to adult schistosome antigens were determined. The relationships existing between intensity of infection and cellular and humoral immune responsiveness revealed a distinct pattern of anti-parasite immunity: The percentage of pan-T cells (T3+) and the T helper (T4+):T suppressor (T8+) ratio were inversely correlated to the intensity of infection. In contrast, the percentage of T suppressor cells positively correlated to the parasite load. Ia+, TAC+, HNK1+ and T4+ cell counts did not show a significant relationship to worm burden. Specific IgE and IgG antibodies to S. mansoni and S. haematobium adult worm antigen clearly increased with the parasite load. The dichotomy of decreased T cell parameters and increased antibody response in heavily infected individuals represents a unique feature in helminthic infections. PMID- 3159527 TI - In situ characterization of the cellular immune response in American cutaneous leishmaniasis. AB - American cutaneous leishmaniasis is a spectrum of granulomatous disease caused by related species of an intracellular parasite. The host response in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) is effective in that few organisms can be found in tissue lesions. In contrast, diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) patients mount a poor response with numerous parasites present in multiple skin lesions. Immunopathological correlates were sought in LCL and DCL with immunoperoxidase techniques using monoclonal antibodies directed against T lymphocyte subpopulations and interleukin-2 in tissue lesions. Both LCL and DCL granulomas showed a mixture of T lymphocyte subpopulations with the ratio of helper:suppressor phenotypes less than one. This ratio and localization of cells is more similar to the ineffective lepromatous leprosy granuloma than the effective tuberculoid leprosy granuloma. In contrast, interleukin-2 was identified in equivalent numbers of cells in LCL and tuberculoid leprosy, an order of magnitude greater than DCL and lepromatous leprosy lesions. Cells expressing Tac, the receptor for interleukin-2, were present in approximately equal numbers in all disorders. The immunological effectiveness of granulomas appear to related less to the numbers and location of T cell phenotypes than to the functional aspects of these cells, particularly the ability to generate lymphokines. PMID- 3159528 TI - Genetic factors influence level of proteinuria in cationic antigen-induced immune complex glomerulonephritis in the rat. AB - The influence of genetic factors on the susceptibility of the rat to cationic antigen-induced in situ immune complex glomerulonephritis was investigated. The levels of proteinuria developing in 11 inbred strains of rats differing in MHC and in genetic background varied markedly. Susceptibility was not MHC associated but resided in the genetic background. PMID- 3159529 TI - The microenvironment of coeliac disease: T cell phenotypes and expression of the T2 'T blast' antigen by small bowel lymphocytes. AB - Peroral jejunal biopsies were studied by double-label immunofluorescence on cryostat tissue sections from control patients of normal histology and patients with coeliac disease. A panel of monoclonal antibodies was used to identify T cells and T cell subsets, together with antibody markers of cell stimulation (the T2 40 kdalton T blast specificity), proliferation (T9 and Ki67) and activation (HLA-DR and Ig receptors). In normal mucosa, expression of T2 was predominantly found in the T8+ intraepithelial cytotoxic/suppressor population. In coeliac disease there was little alteration of T4:T8 ratios per se, but a much higher percentage of T8-T4+ helper/inducer cells expressed the T2 antigen (approx. 30% compared to approx. 10%), manifest as an accretion of T2+T8- cells in the epithelium and subjacent stroma. Additionally, T cell lymphoid aggregates were observed in the lamina propria, consisting of greater than 90% T4+ cells, of which the majority (60-80%) were also T2+. The increase of stimulated helper cells correlated well with the pathology of coeliac disease, being most marked in untreated cases of maximal tissue damage, and least in well treated cases with restoration of normal morphology. By contrast, an increased tendency for the T8+ cells to co-express T1 in untreated coeliac disease was not observed in treated disease, even in cases where failure to adhere to a strict gluten free diet had resulted in little histological improvement. There was little evidence of T cell activation or proliferation. The observation that T helper cells undergo migration and stimulation suggests an imbalance in immunoregulation which causes a breakdown of normal immune tolerance to dietary gluten, and therefore may be a crucial mechanism of tissue damage in coeliac disease. PMID- 3159530 TI - Multiple-dose ciprofloxacin dose ranging and kinetics. AB - We injected multiple doses of intravenous ciprofloxacin over 10 minutes every 12 hours for 1 week to nine healthy subjects, while three other subjects received placebo. Ciprofloxacin doses of 25, 50, and 75 mg were evaluated with a 1-week washout between each dose level. Mean (+/- SD) terminal excretion t1/2S were 3.56 +/- 0.66, 4.15 +/- 0.68, and 3.46 +/- 0.42 hours for the 25, 50, and 75 mg doses. Serum clearances were 35.4 +/- 6.8, 31.8 +/- 3.0, and 31.3 +/- 5.4 L/hr/1.73 m2 for these doses. Urine concentrations remained above the minimal inhibitory concentration of most urinary tract pathogens for the full 12-hour dosing interval at each dose. Renal clearance accounted for 65% to 70% of the serum clearance, but because biologically active renally excreted metabolites have been identified, our values exceed the true values. The doses of ciprofloxacin we intravenously injected were well tolerated and appeared adequate for treatment of urinary tract infections. For serious hospital-acquired sepsis, however, larger doses should be evaluated. PMID- 3159531 TI - Effects of chronic nitrendipine on casual (office) and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. AB - To assess the clinical efficacy of chronic nitrendipine therapy in mild to moderate essential hypertension, we studied blood pressure (BP) and heart rate responses in 22 subjects receiving maintenance nitrendipine therapy. Ten subjects (45%) whose hypertension was controlled with chronic monotherapy had an 11/12 mm Hg decrease in supine BP (P less than 0.05) with a mean (+/- SD) dose of 71 +/- 15 mg/day. The 12 (55%) subjects whose hypertension was not controlled with monotherapy had a comparatively higher baseline BP than the other 10 (156/105 +/- 10/6 compared with 150/98 +/- 15/4 mm Hg; P less than 0.05). Eight of the 10 subjects demonstrating office BP control with chronic nitrendipine monotherapy who also had full-time employment underwent continuous ambulatory BP monitoring before and after maintenance monotherapy. Nitrendipine induced a reduction in the mean 24-hour BP and mean BP at home, but did not reduce the BP during work or while asleep. These data suggest that nitrendipine lowers BP when assessed by casual office methods. The ambulatory BP monitor data demonstrate that the hypotensive response to chronic nitrendipine is modified during work periods, which are generally associated with increased adrenergic activity. Ambulatory BP monitoring may be superior to office (casual) monitoring in the assessment of the overall efficacy of antihypertensive drugs. PMID- 3159532 TI - Dopamine: receptors and clinical applications. AB - Dopamine (DA) receptors have been divided into two subtypes: DA1 receptors which subserve vasodilation in renal, mesenteric, coronary, and cerebral vascular beds, and DA2 receptors which when activated cause inhibition of release of norepinephrine in sympathetic nerve endings. The subdivisions were made on the basis of differences in chemical structure and potency series of agonists and antagonists for the two receptor subtypes. Agonists and antagonists are now available which selectively act on DA1 or DA2 receptors. The clinical use of DA, DA pro-drugs, and selective DA agonists is discussed with particular emphasis on the treatment of congestive heart failure and hypertension. Finally, data are presented concerning possible relationships between peripheral DA1 and DA2 receptors and DA receptors classified in the central nervous system. PMID- 3159533 TI - An epidemiological survey of the signs and symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis. AB - An epidemiological survey of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) was performed in Tromso, Northern Norway. Altogether 27 cases of AS were found, and the symptoms and signs of these subjects were compared to those of persons with back pain but not suffering from AS (NON-AS). The symptoms which differentiated best between AS and NON-AS were: back pain which awakened the subject at night and made him leave the bed, back pain not relieved by lying down but improved by exercise, back pain of 3 months duration or more and morning stiffness lasting 0.5 hours or more. Reduced lateral mobility of the lumbar spine, a total spinal extension of 20 degrees or less and a total spinal flexion of 40 degrees or less were signs of acceptable value for the diagnosis of AS. Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of AS, to be used both in the clinical management of patients with back complaints and in population surveys of AS are suggested. PMID- 3159534 TI - Dermatologic reaction to a sustained-release theophylline product. PMID- 3159535 TI - Correlation between fluorescein flowmetry, 133Xenon clearance and electromagnetic flow measurement: a study in the intestine of the pig. AB - The purpose of the present study was to compare fluorescein flowmetry as a technique for measuring changes in intestine blood flow with electromagnetic blood flowmetry and the 133Xenon clearance technique. In eight anaesthetized pigs the blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery was reduced to 20-75% of basal flow as defined by electromagnetic flowmetry. The change in blood flow as calculated by fluorescein flowmetry correlated well with that obtained by electromagnetic blood flowmetry (correlation coefficient 0.86) and 133Xenon clearance technique (correlation coefficient 0.94). These findings indicate that fluorescein flowmetry can be considered a quantitative method for measurements of a relative blood flow. PMID- 3159536 TI - Clinical syndromes caused by staphylococcal epidermolytic toxin. AB - Coagulase-positive staphylococci of phage group II produce an epidermolytic toxin that results in a spectrum of diseases that include localized bullous impetigo, generalized scarlatiniform syndrome without exfoliation, and staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome (SSSS). The mechanism of action of the toxin occurs at the level of the lower stratum granulosum, resulting in intraepidermal cleavage. Generalized exfoliative dermatitis, or SSSS, is one of the most severe infections characterized by generalized epidermolysis with desquamation. Generalized scarlatiniform syndrome is an erythematous rash without exfoliation. A localized infection that results in a bulla larger than 5 mm in diameter is bullous impetigo. PMID- 3159537 TI - A biochemical study of the carrageenan-induced granuloma in the rat lung. AB - Intralobular injection of carrageenan in the rat lung induced a chronic granulomatous response, characterized by a prolonged accumulation of macrophages within the affected lobe. This was accompanied by moderate but significant increases in lysosomal beta-acetyl glucosaminidase, cathepsin B1, and neutral protease activity. Beta-acetyl glucosaminidase and cathepsin B1 activities peaked on day 16 post carrageenan injection and cathepsin B1 activity peaked again on day 112. These enzyme peaks correlated with previous morphological findings that numerous PMNs and carrageenan-containing macrophages were present in the alveoli on day 16 and on day 112. Lymphocytes and plasma cells were present in the alveoli on day 112 in addition to the numerous carrageenan-filled large macrophages. The caseinolytic enzyme activity was significantly elevated over controls throughout the duration of the experiment but no distinct peaks of activity were observed. Based on determinations of total collagen, insoluble collagen, salt-soluble collagen, acid-soluble collagen, protein, total proline, and specific activity of proline and hydroxyproline, there was biochemical evidence of increased collagen synthesis or collagen accumulation in the inflamed lobes on days 4 to 32 as compared to the control lobes. No evidence was found to indicate an increase of collagen or collagen synthesis after day 32 in the experimental lobes. These results differ from our earlier histological and ultrastructural findings which reported that no increased collagen deposition was observed on any day in this system, even 500 days post carrageenan injection. Lung to body weight ratios of experimental animals were significantly elevated over controls on all days studied. PMID- 3159538 TI - Elastin turnover in the rat uterus. AB - During pregnancy the rat uterus shows a steady increase in total elastin content, reaching levels of 300% above non-pregnant controls. Elevated levels of urinary desmosine are also seen during this period. After parturition there is a slight lag period and then rapid removal of elastin from the uterus, reaching baseline after five days. Urinary desmosine levels were elevated for about seven days post partum before returning toward control levels. Analysis of pre- and post-partum serum showed no significant differences. The involuting rat uterus appears to be an excellent model for the study of processes involved in elastin catabolism. PMID- 3159539 TI - Activation of nuclear chromatin in stretch-dependent growth of tissues. AB - The growth of connective tissue cells can be controlled both by mechanical extension and by diffusion gradients. We have used nuclear fluorescence with acridine orange (AO) as a measure of nuclear activation, to study growth control in vivo in rat mesometrium and mouse spine. Frozen sections of spinal muscle taken from animals after two h exercise, revealed nuclear activation in peripheral cells. The number of active muscle nuclei decreased drastically with age. During mesometrial growth in pregnancy, AO fluorescence showed that activated cell nuclei occurred mainly near the capillaries. The width of the zone of activated nuclei was within 20 microns from the capillary walls. AO appears to be a sensitive stain for tracing gradients of growth in intact connective tissue. PMID- 3159540 TI - Glycosaminoglycans in localized scleroderma (morphoea). AB - The composition of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was analyzed in skin samples of eight patients suffering from localized scleroderma, i.e., three having generalized morphoea and five localized morphoea plaques. From each patients, biopsies were obtained from sclerotic and perilesional areas, and from clinically uninvolved skin of the same region. In the perilesional areas hyaluronic acid concentration was increased (p less than 0.05), while it was decreased (p less than 0.01) in sclerotic areas. Dermatan sulfate concentration was increased in the perilesional (p less than 0.05) as well as in the sclerotic (p less than 0.01) areas. Chondroitin 4/6 sulfate was increased in the sclerotic areas (p less than 0.05). Heparan sulfate showed no changes. No major differences were found in the total concentrations of uronic acid and hexosamine. This study demonstrates that changes in GAG composition in localized scleroderma follow previously described sequences of events of inflammation and fibrosis of connective tissue. PMID- 3159541 TI - Elastin-proteoglycans association revealed by cytochemical methods. AB - By using various cytochemical stains, proteoglycans are shown to be present inside elastic fibers in aortas of beta-aminopropionitrile-induced lathyritic chicks. Depending on the characteristics of the dyes, the shape, size and distribution of the proteoglycan-revealing precipitates are described. The monocationic dye toluidine blue O and the tetracationic dye Alcian blue in the presence of 0.3 M MgCl2 give the most detailed results. With these stains the proteoglycans inside lathyritic elastin appear to be lateral branches of matrix proteoglycans, lying on the external surface of the elastic fibers. A possible general biological significance of elastin-proteoglycan association is briefly discussed. PMID- 3159542 TI - Photolysis and partial ozonolysis of kappa-elastin from ligamentum nuchae. AB - Photolysis and partial ozonolysis of guanidinated kappa-elastin led to the destruction of isodesmosine and desmosine up to 96.0 and 91.5% respectively. Simultaneously there was a 3.89-fold enrichment of the lysine content. Two lysine containing tripeptides and one dipeptide were isolated and characterized. Their amino acid sequences were Gly-Ala-Lys, Gly-Lys-Ala and Lys-Ala, respectively. PMID- 3159543 TI - Tendon adaptation to different long term stresses and collagen reticulation in soleus muscle. AB - Leg immobilization with or without soleus muscle denervation was studied in young rabbits. Muscle and tendon were maintained in extension, i.e., in the most lengthened position. Length measurements performed on sarcomeres, muscle fibers and tendon-plus-muscle complexes suggest the following progression in tendon growth rates: normal less than denervated-extended less than innervated-extended. Collagen reticulation was studied as a function of fiber location along these tendons by measuring hydrothermal isometric tension (HIT). Large variations were observed depending on fiber location, and significant modifications were induced by immobilization in extension. The results are discussed in relation to stress as a possible factor controlling collagen maturation in connective tissues. PMID- 3159544 TI - Return to ovulation following the use of long-acting injectable contraceptives: a comparative study. AB - A comparative study was undertaken in twenty-four Mexican women who discontinued the use of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) or norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) to assess the time required for the return to menses and ovulation. All subjects were exposed to long-acting injectable contraceptives for at least one year, and were followed prospectively. Serum progesterone levels were determined weekly in all subjects beginning 3 months after the last progestogen injection. Mean time to return to ovulation occurred significantly earlier (p less than 0.001) after NET-EN (2.6 months) as compared with DMPA (5.5 months). No correlation between the return to ovarian function and the duration of steroid exposure was found. The overall data was interpreted as demonstrating a clear-cut difference between the two long-acting progestogens in terms of ovulation suppression. PMID- 3159545 TI - Oral contraceptives, lipids and cardiovascular disease. AB - Evidence for the involvement of changes in lipid metabolism and oral contraceptive use in the development of cardiovascular disease is briefly reviewed with particular reference to the main object of the article, to assess the effect of different oral contraceptive formulations on serum lipid levels. The preferred formulations should contain a low dose of ethynyloestradiol and should not increase serum levels of cholesterol and LDL-C or reduce those of HDL C. Such formulations appear to be the triphasic one containing ethynyloestradiol and levonorgestrel and the ethynyloestradiol-desogestrel combination, which appears to be unique in that it may actually increase HDL-C. However other determinants in addition to effects on lipid metabolism will be important in deciding the choice of an oral contraceptive. Any changes which do occur in serum lipid concentrations with OC use appear within the first three months and do not appear to be progressive with continued use after this time. PMID- 3159546 TI - Serum lipid and lipoprotein changes induced by new oral contraceptives containing ethinylestradiol plus levonorgestrel or desogestrel. AB - Changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were evaluated in a randomized prospective study conducted in matched healthy young women before and after 6 months' use of three oral contraceptives (OCs): Trigynon (preparation A, n = 13), a triphasic OC containing low doses of ethinylestradiol (EE) and levonorgestrel (LNG); Marvelon (preparation B, n = 14), a monophasic OC containing low doses of EE + Desogestrel (DOG, a new progestogen derived from LNG); and Ovidol (preparation C, n = 11), a sequential OC containing higher doses (50 micrograms) of EE + DOG. After 6 months of use, total triglyceride levels were non significantly increased by preparations A (+ 29% from basal values) and B (+21%), and very significantly increased by preparation C (+90%). Total cholesterol and phospholipids were unchanged by preparations A and B, whereas phospholipids were significantly increased by preparation C. However, HDL-cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and their epidemiologically important ratios (HDL-chol:total-chol; LDL-chol:HDL-chol) were kept unchanged by all preparations tested. Apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1) was slightly but significantly increased by all three preparations whereas apolipoprotein B (Apo B) was significantly decreased by preparation B. All ratios Apo A-1:Apo B were accordingly ("favorably") increased, especially during treatment with preparation B. In conclusion, the triphasic OC containing low doses of LNG does not induce obvious, clinically significant, alterations of lipid metabolism, and it is also the case for the low-dose monophasic combination of EE + DOG. The higher-dose sequential preparation of EE + DOG behaves as a more estrogenic compound, increasing total triglyceride concentrations above the normal range. PMID- 3159547 TI - Transient reduction in serum HDL-cholesterol following medroxyprogesterone acetate and testosterone cypionate administration to healthy men. AB - Serum lipids were examined in thirty normal male volunteers who had received depo medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and testosterone cypionate (TC) in a male contraceptive trial. Progestagens have been implicated in the changes in serum lipids observed in women using oral contraceptives and this has led to concern about cardiovascular health risks associated with the long-term use of some of these preparations. The following study was done to determine if similar effects occur in men. The men in this study were divided into three DMPA dose groups (50, 100, 200 mg/month) and received intramuscular injections for six months; all men received 250 mg/month TC. There was no significant change in serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels during the six months of drug administration when compared to levels in the control period. However, there was a marked decrease in HDL-C during the first three months after discontinuation of the drugs (p less than 0.02). This observed change was consistent in each of the three DMPA dose groups but no dose relationship was observed. There was no statistically significant change in serum concentrations of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides or insulin in any period of the experiment. Serum testosterone (T), estradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations were all significantly depressed during the drug administration period. A progestagen dose relationship was observed only for the decrease in serum testosterone and LH concentrations. Serum T and SHBG levels were still significantly reduced at 4-6 months after cessation of the drug administration. These findings demonstrate that DMPA can cause a reduction in serum HDL-C levels. It is suggested that HDL-C concentrations fell only following DMPA withdrawal as a consequence of steroid hormone changes specific to this period. PMID- 3159549 TI - Doppler echocardiographic diagnosis and quantification of valvular heart disease. AB - Doppler echocardiography is a logical companion to ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis and quantification of valvular heart disease. Accurate noninvasive identification and quantification of valvular heart disease is now possible if both techniques are utilized together. The continued application of our knowledge of hemodynamics should extend our current uses of Doppler echocardiography to allow more intelligent management of patients with known or suspected valvular heart disease. PMID- 3159550 TI - Heart of the athlete. PMID- 3159548 TI - Graft-vs.-host reactions: mechanisms and contemporary theories. AB - A graft-vs.-host (GvH) reaction can be initiated by injection of immunocompetent lymphocytes into a histoincompatible host that is unable to reject these cells. The reaction is characterized by splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, lymph node atrophy, body weight loss, dermatitis, and diarrhea, often leading to mortality. The onset and severity of the GvH reaction are determined by differences in histocompatibility antigens between the donor and the acceptor, and by the number and nature of the transplanted allogeneic cells. Many different in vivo and in vitro systems have been devised for experimental studies of the GvH reaction. In several of these models, however, different parameters are measured. Furthermore, the conclusions drawn from these investigations sometimes contradict each other. This paper reviews the experimental data, and discusses the mechanisms underlying the GvH reaction. PMID- 3159551 TI - Nickel dermatitis in men. PMID- 3159553 TI - The organization of exploratory behavior in Down syndrome and nondelayed infants. AB - The exploratory behaviors of a sample of 11 infants with Down syndrome and 11 nondelayed infants, matched on Bayley mental raw scores and gender, were analyzed. Transitional probabilities and z scores were computed for each possible behavior change as well as frequencies of each behavior. The analyses revealed significant differences in how the 2 samples distribute their exploratory activities. The significant transitional probabilities among the 6 behavioral states revealed a pattern of similarities and differences. In general, both groups of infants organized their exploratory activities in a similar manner. However, there were differences that appeared to depend on the level of exploratory sophistication. The results are discussed in the context of the similarities and differences between the samples. PMID- 3159554 TI - [Statistical analysis of 1951 cases of occupational dermatosis in Shanghai chemical plants]. PMID- 3159555 TI - Treatment of colorectal cancer hepatic metastases by hepatic artery chemotherapy. AB - Our clinical experience with 69 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer to the liver treated with hepatic artery chemotherapy is reviewed. All patients have had a minimum of six months follow-up. The Infusaid implantable drug delivery system was used by direct laparotomy in one third, and via the transaxillary approach in the remaining two thirds. Two thirds of the patients had at least 25 percent of the liver replaced with tumor. Chemotherapeutic agents included FUdR, mitomycin C, and BCNU. The overall response rate was 51 percent and 69 percent for the three-drug combination. Efficacy was not different in patients who had received prior systemic fluorouracil. Median survival from start of hepatic artery chemotherapy was one year. PMID- 3159552 TI - Topical anhydrous aluminum chloride formulation in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a double-blind study. AB - A randomized double-blind bilateral study of twenty-five patients with acne vulgaris showed that eight weeks' treatment with 6.25 percent aluminum chloride in anhydrous alcohol gave better results than alcohol alone (p = 0.1). Improvements were recorded with both 6.25 percent aluminum chloride in anhydrous alcohol and with placebo, but 6.25 percent aluminum chloride in anhydrous alcohol proved better after four weeks' treatment. The effect on acne of 6.25 percent aluminum chloride in anhydrous alcohol is probably due to the disinfectant and antiperspirant action of aluminum chloride whereas the effect of placebo can be assigned to the sebostatic action of alcohol. The result of this study confirms previous results of open uncontrolled studies. PMID- 3159556 TI - Biofeedback training to obtain continence in permanent colostomy. Experience of two centers. AB - Biofeedback training is proposed as rehabilitative training for patients with permanent colostomies to help them achieve fecal continence. The results of a preliminary study of 18 patients are reported. PMID- 3159557 TI - Expression of rat liver cytochrome P-450MC cDNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Rat liver cytochrome P-450MC cDNA was inserted between the ADH1 promoter and terminator regions of the yeast expression vector pAAH5. On introduction of the resulting recombinant plasmid pAMC1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells synthesized up to 8 X 10(5) molecules per cell of the cytochrome P-450MC protein, most of which was localized in yeast microsomes. Approximately half of the synthesized cytochrome contained heme in the enzyme molecule. These formed a functional electron-transport chain in the microsomes which exhibited aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity toward benzo[a]pyrene. PMID- 3159558 TI - [Application of T-cell subset monoclonal antibody in the immunologic assay of cancer patients]. PMID- 3159559 TI - [Prospective study of the importance of constitutional parameters in the development of eczema in hairdressers and construction workers]. AB - The considerable rate of professional hand eczema in hairdressers, especially in young ones, emphasizes the necessity of practicable methods for early diagnosis of risk and manifestation of eczema. Therefore, we investigated different constitutional parameters of the skin (hyperhidrosis, dyshidrosis and acrocyanosis of the hands, seborrhea, sebostasis, white dermographism) in a prospective study of 210 hairdressers' and 95 bricklayers' apprentices over 3 years. In addition, the alkali resistance and the permeability of the horny layers (by nitrazine yellow) were examined every year in each of the probands. Among other results dyshidrosis and sebostasis proved to be statistically relevant in the development of hand eczema, whereas no statistic causality was seen for acrocyanosis and hyperhidrosis. Risk of eczema could not be diagnosed early by alcali resistance tests. Frequent wet-work and insufficient skin protection were further factors causing eczema, especially in atopic subjects. There was also a statistically relevant correlation between a periumbilical eczema (caused by metallic buttons on jeans), indicating allergy against nickel, and pierced earlobes. The results of this prospective study show that by simple clinical methods serious risks of eczema in hairdressers and bricklayers can be detected already in the first years of work. Several practical recommendations for prevention of occupational eczema in hairdressers are given. PMID- 3159560 TI - [Reversible Fanconi syndrome induced by inadequately stored oxytetracycline]. PMID- 3159561 TI - The effects of some divalent metals on cardiac and branchial Ca2+-ATPase in a freshwater fish Saccobranchus fossilis. AB - The heart and gill of a freshwater fish Saccobranchus fossilis have been shown to contain a Ca2+-activated ATPase involved in Ca2+ transport. Enzyme showed optimal activity at 3 mM Ca2+ and 3 mM ATP for gills and at 3 mM Ca2+ and 1 mM ATP for heart. Mg2+ was equally effective in stimulating enzyme activity but was not essential for hydrolysis. Maximum activity was found in heart ventricular muscles as compared to gills. Among all the metals tested Hg2+ was the most toxic (IC50, 0.75 and 0.85 microM for heart and gill, respectively) followed by Pb2+, Mn2+, and Cd2+. The inhibition was concentration dependent and reached almost 100% with each metal at the highest concentration. Stimulation of enzyme activity was observed at lower concentrations of Mn2+ and Cd2+ but not with Pb2+ and Hg2+. Stimulation was more pronounced with Mn2+ than with Cd2+ in both heart and gills. The results indicated that the inhibitory effect of these metals might be through the Ca2+-ATPase which is a manifestation of the calcium pump in various tissues. PMID- 3159562 TI - [Expression of surface markers of lymphocytes and their relation to suppressor function in lymphogranulomatosis]. AB - The patients with Hodgkins disease possessed an increased number of the T gamma cells, a decreased number of T mu cells and higher endogenic suppressor activity as compared with healthy donors. Subpopulation of ferritin-carrying lymphocytes was found only in patients, whereas in donors these cells were not revealed at all. It was shown that ferritin receptors expressed only on T gamma-cells. For determination of the functional role of T-cell subpopulation before and after Con A stimulation were studied. The suppression activity correlated with the T gamma cell levels. PMID- 3159564 TI - Ovarian immunoreactive beta-endorphin and estrous cycle in the rat. AB - Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were killed at different stages of a 4-day estrous cycle, and ovaries and anterior pituitaries examined for content of immunoreactive beta-endorphin by RIA and for localization by indirect immunofluorescence. Two anti-beta-endorphin antisera, both recognizing different antigenic determinants of human-beta-endorphin, showed intense immunofluorescence staining of cells localized predominantly in ovarian corpora lutea. At proestrus, both large and small luteal cells stained positively but only the large luteal cells were immunofluorescence positive at other stages of the estrous cycle. In addition, less intense staining of granulosa cells was occasionally observed in secondary and antral follicles; scattered cells in the interstitium were also weakly positive. In contrast, cells of primordial and primary follicles, and those of theca tissue were consistently negative. Ovarian levels of immunoreactive beta-endorphin were found to be lowest at estrus (2.1 +/- 0.18 ng/g; n = 8, mean +/- SE) and significantly raised in stepwise manner over metestrus and diestrus to a peak (approximately 4 X estrous levels) at proestrus; in contrast, immunoreactive beta-endorphin content of anterior pituitaries remained unaltered during the same period. Sephadex G-50 gel chromatography of ovarian extracts revealed three distinct peaks of immunoreactive beta-endorphin, a minor peak in the void volume, and two major peaks of unequal size eluting at mol wt approximately 11.5K and approximately 3.5K. The major species of low molecular weight immunoreactive beta-endorphin on reverse phase HPLC was beta endorphin1-31. We conclude from the findings that, in adult rat ovaries, luteal, granulosa, and interstitial cells are responsible for the production of immunoreactive beta-endorphin and that this production, being related to the estrous cycle, is presumably under the direct or indirect influence of gonadotropins. PMID- 3159563 TI - Changes in photoperiod alter the daily rhythms of pineal melatonin content and hypothalamic beta-endorphin content and the luteinizing hormone response to naloxone in the male Syrian hamster. AB - This study examines the possible involvement of beta-endorphin in the photoperiodic control of reproduction in the Syrian hamster. beta-Endorphin and LHRH concentrations in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), anterior hypothalamus (AHA), and the preoptic area (POA) as well as pineal melatonin content were determined by RIA in male Syrian hamsters exposed to either a long day [(LD) 16-h light; 8-h dark; lights on 0700-2300] or short day [(SD) 8-h light, 16-h dark; lights on 0700-1500] for 8 weeks. Groups of eight animals from each photoperiod were killed by decapitation at 4-h intervals over 24 h. Twenty minutes before death half the animals from each photoperiod were given naloxone (5 mg/kg, sc), the other half saline. Exposure to a long photoperiod maintained testicular activity while a short photoperiod induced testicular regression. Pineal melatonin content in both photoperiods was maximal at 0500 h, i.e. 2 h before the onset of light (SD, 435.58 +/- 82.7 pg/pineal; LD, 276.78 +/- 56.8 pg/pineal). However, the duration of the nighttime rise in pineal melatonin content was increased in SD animals with elevated melatonin levels at 2100 h (157.10 +/- 41.8 pg/pineal) and 0100 h (199.11 +/- 58.9 pg/pineal). In contrast pineal melatonin content in LD animals was only higher than daytime values at 0500 h. A daily rhythm of beta-endorphin content within both the AHA and MBH of animals exposed to a short photoperiod coincided with this prolonged nighttime rise in pineal melatonin content, although a causal relationship between the two was not established. Peak levels of beta-endorphin occurred at 2100 h (AHA, 6.569 +/- 1.2 pmol/mg protein; MBH, 4.877 +/- 0.45 pmol/mg protein) and at 0100 h (AHA, 6.107 +/- 0.66 pmol/mg protein; MBH, 4.49 +/- 00.79 pmol/mg protein) which was 6 h and 10 h into the dark phase, respectively, with lowest levels in the middle of the light phase (AHA, 3.561 +/- 0.56 pmol/mg protein; MBH, 2.688 +/- 0.3 pmol/mg protein). This rhythm was absent in animals exposed to a long photoperiod. There was no effect of photoperiod or time of day on the content of beta-endorphin in the POA. LHRH levels were not altered by changes in photoperiod in all three brain regions studied. In the AHA and MBH, concentrations of LHRH were similar at all times of day whereas, in the POA, LHRH levels varied with time in both photoperiods. Peak levels occurred in the middle of the dark phase at 0100 h (LD, 2.774 +/- 0.24 pmol LHRH/mg protein; SD, 3.206 +/- 0.48 pmol LHRH/mg protein) with lowest levels during the light phase (LD, 1.664 pmol LHRH/mg protein; SD, 1.775 pmol LHRH/mg protein).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3159566 TI - Laparoscopic and histological problems in the diagnosis of nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver. AB - We describe the laparoscopic findings in 5 patients with nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver (NRH). A nodular liver surface and signs of portal hypertension were observed, which in all cases gave rise to the laparoscopic diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Multiple and single liver biopsies in 3 and 2 cases respectively, permitted the definitive diagnosis of the NRH lesion. The laparoscopic picture of NRH is indistinguishable from that of cirrhosis, and for this reason it is advisable to carry out liver biopsy even in cases where cirrhosis seems unquestionable. PMID- 3159565 TI - Foot shock stress-induced release of vasopressin in adenohypophysectomized and hypophysectomized rats. AB - The effect of inescapable electric foot shock stress on vasopressin (VP) release was studied in conscious rats. In sham-operated animals, foot shock stress markedly increased plasma beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity whereas plasma VP levels (RIA) remained unchanged. However, after selective ablation of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis, foot shock stress produced an 8-fold increase in plasma VP concentrations. Injection of hypertonic saline did not change plasma VP levels in adenohypophysectomized (Ahx) rats, while in sham-operated rats VP levels increased in response to this osmotic challenge. Neurointermediate lobes or medial basal hypothalami (MBH; containing the median eminence region) were superfused in vitro and stimulated electrically; as compared to sham operations, the evoked release of VP from the neurointermediate lobes was abolished, whereas that from the MBH was markedly (13-fold) enhanced when the tissues were taken from Ahx rats. The VP-like immunoreactivity released from the MBH of Ahx rats comigrated with synthetic arginine-VP on Sephadex G-15 column chromatography. Similarly, as found in Ahx rats, foot shock stress markedly raised plasma VP levels in totally hypophysectomized rats, whereas after selective ablation of the neurointermediate lobe of the hypophysis VP levels increased only slightly after stress. In conclusion, our data indicate that 1) foot shock stress induces the release of VP from some site other than the neurohypophysis, probably from the median eminence region, in Ahx rats; and 2) an increase in plasma osmolality is a powerful stimulus for the release of VP from the neurohypophysis but cannot release VP from the median eminence region. Thus, our results support the concept of a morphological and functional differentiation of the vasopressinergic neurosecretory system. PMID- 3159567 TI - Comparative effects of estradiol benzoate, the antiestrogen clomiphene citrate, and the progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate on kainic acid-induced seizures in male and female rats. AB - We have investigated the comparative effects of estradiol benzoate (EB), the antiestrogen clomiphene citrate (CC), and the progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on seizures induced by systemic injection of kainic acid (15 mg/kg i.p.) in male and female rats. Subcutaneous administration for 10 days of EB (10 micrograms/kg) or high doses of CC (50 mg/kg) significantly potentiated kainate induced seizures, with this effect being more pronounced in male animals. Doses of 2.5 mg/kg of CC potentiated kainate-induced seizures in male rats but were ineffective in female rats. Low doses of CC (0.5 mg/kg) exhibited a mild anticonvulsant effect in both sexes. Repeated administration of MPA (2.5 mg/kg) partially protected female animals against kainate-induced seizures; in male animals, MPA induced a 30% increase in the seizure severity score, although the difference from the score of control male rats was not significant. These data suggest that sex steroids influence kainate-induced seizures in a sex-dependent manner and that the effects of the antiestrogen CC are dose dependent. This should be taken into account in view of a possible use of CC and MPA in hormonal therapy for seizure disorders. PMID- 3159568 TI - Lysosomal enzymes in plasma, liver and spleen from rats with carbon tetrachloride induced liver cirrhosis. AB - Plasma levels of the lysosomal enzymes, beta-hexosaminidase and beta glucuronidase, were analyzed in rats with carbon tetrachloride induced liver cirrhosis. Out of 22 animals, 15 showed cirrhotic and 4 pre-cirrhotic livers. 4 cirrhotic animals exhibited cholestatic features with increased bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) in plasma. The remaining 15 pre-cirrhotic and cirrhotic rats showed clear significant changes only in ASAT levels. These 15 rats showed no consistent increase in plasma, spleen or liver lysosomal enzyme activities, whereas the 4 rats with cholestatic features exhibited considerable increases of lysosomal enzymes. The increased activities might be attributed to decreased biliary excretion and/or increased production of lysosomal enzymes by activated macrophages. PMID- 3159570 TI - Sensitivity of urinary staphylococci to ciprofloxacin and acrosoxacin. PMID- 3159569 TI - Stimulation and inhibition of growth by EGF in different A431 cell clones is accompanied by the rapid induction of c-fos and c-myc proto-oncogenes. AB - Stimulation of quiescent fibroblasts to growth by polypeptide growth factors is accompanied by the rapid induction of c-fos and c-myc proto-oncogenes. In contrast to fibroblasts, A431 cells respond to epidermal growth factor (EGF) with a decreased growth rate. Here we report that, in spite of its growth inhibitory effect, EGF rapidly induces transient expression of c-fos mRNA, followed by the synthesis of nuclear c-fos protein. In addition, EGF treatment resulted in elevated levels of c-myc expression. Practically identical results were obtained with variant A431 clones that are resistant to the inhibitory effect of EGF on cell proliferation. These observations suggest that in A431 cells c-fos and c-myc induction is a primary consequence of growth factor-receptor interaction. Indeed, efficient induction of both genes was also observed with cyanide bromide-cleaved EGF, which has previously been shown to be non-mitogenic but able to trigger early events induced by EGF. We observed strong induction of c-fos and to a lesser extent of c-myc also by TPA, and by the calcium ionophore A23187, indicating an important role for kinase C in proto-oncogene activation by growth factors. PMID- 3159571 TI - Interaction between ciprofloxacin and tobramycin or azlocillin against multiresistant strains of Acinetobacter anitratum in vitro. PMID- 3159572 TI - Elective PTCA of totally occluded coronary arteries not associated with acute myocardial infarction; short-term and long-term results. AB - Of 652 consecutive patients referred for coronary angioplasty between September 1980 and March 1984, 49 patients presented with total or functional 'occlusion' of the involved vessel. Total vessel occlusion was defined as absent anterograde filling beyond the lesion. Functional occlusion was defined as faint, late anterograde opacification of the distal segment in the absence of a discernible luminal continuity. In 39 patients, the total or functional occlusion represented a progression, without acute myocardial infarction, of a previously diagnosed stenotic lesion. The maximal potential duration of occlusion was estimated to be 4 weeks or less in 21 patients, more than 4 to 8 weeks in 12, and more than 8 weeks in 16. Dilation of the occluded artery was attempted in the left anterior descending coronary artery in 30 patients, in the right coronary artery in 8, in the circumflex coronary in 7 and in 4 jumpgrafts. For the whole group, angioplasty was successful in 28 patients (57%). The primary success rate with the functionally occluded vessel (81%) was significantly higher than with the total occlusion (45%). In 33 patients with an occlusion estimated to be of 8 weeks or less, angioplasty was successful in 65%. In the 16 patients with an occlusion estimated to be of 8 weeks or less, angioplasty was successful in 65%. In the 16 patients with an occlusion estimated to be of more than 8 weeks duration, dilation was successful in 44%. Of the 21 patients in whom angioplasty was unsuccessful, 11 required surgery (1 urgent with persistent pain and ST elevation and 10 elective). Ten patients were maintained on medical treatment. Of the 28 patients in whom angioplasty was successful, 10 patients had recurrence of symptoms during follow-up (1-42 months). Four were kept on medical therapy, three required bypass surgery and three underwent repeat percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). After primary success, late angiographic studies obtained in 20 out of 28 patients showed reocclusion in 8. In conclusion, elective PTCA of totally occluded coronary arteries is feasible but the primary success rate is lower (57%) than that associated with conventional lesions. The long-term clinical results following successful angioplasty are satisfactory (64%), but the incidence of reocclusion is higher (40%). PMID- 3159573 TI - Mitral valve prolapse secondary to right ventricular enlargement in patients with pulmonary hypertension after toxic rapeseed oil ingestion. AB - A high incidence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) has been reported in various entities which produce important right ventricular (RV) enlargement with normal or decreased left ventricular (LV) volume. To evaluate the importance of RV enlargement in the genesis of MVP in these cases, we analyzed the echocardiographic studies from 176 patients with 'Sindrome Toxico'. These patients underwent M-mode, cross-sectional and pulsed Doppler examination because of the suspicion of having dietary pulmonary hypertension, a complication which occurred in almost 20% of patients with this epidemic poisoning and which showed a course of gradual resolution in most of them. RV size was classified according to the RV/LV maximal short-axis dimension ratio as normal, border-line, moderately enlarged and severely enlarged. MPV was diagnosed according to standard M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiographic criteria. A second echocardiographic examination was obtained in 38 patients 12.5 +/- 5.3 months after the first one. The incidence of MVP was 9.3% in patients with normal RV size (N = 107), 9.5% in patients with border-line RV size (N = 23), 30% in patients with moderate RV enlargement (N = 30) and 56% in patients with severe RV enlargement (N = 16) (P less than 0.001). Fourteen (77%) of the 18 patients with MVP and moderate or severe RV enlargement (N = 16) (P less than 0.001). Fourteen (77%) of the 18 patients with MVP and moderate or severe RV enlargement had holosystolic MVP. At pulsed Doppler examination, no patient showed signs of mitral regurgitation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159574 TI - Gated blood-pool emission tomography: a new technique for the investigation of cardiac structure and function. AB - ECG-gated single-photon emission-computed tomography of the intracardiac blood pool is a new technique that has not previously been widely applied. It involves the acquisition of ECG-gated images of the intracardiac blood pools labelled with sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m in 32 projections around the left-anterior hemithorax using a rotating gamma camera. From these images, tomographic sections are reconstructed orthogonal to the long axis of the left ventricle. The heart is therefore imaged three dimensionally, and more extensive information is obtained than in planar radionuclide ventriculography where imaging is usually restricted to only a single projection. Both structure and function can be studied, and the left-ventricular volume and ejection fraction, and wall motion are obtained. Of 50 patients studied, 7 cases are illustrated in order to show normal findings, examples of wall motion that were not shown by planar-contrast and radionuclide ventriculography, examples of the localisation of ventricular hypertrophy, and a comparison between blood-pool and 201TI myocardial tomography. PMID- 3159575 TI - Unusual extraosseous tumoral accumulation of 99mTc-MDP. AB - Three cases (rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphoma, and metastatic malignant melanoma) of unexpected increased uptake of methylenediphosphonate labelled by technetium 99m sodium pertechnetate (99mTc-MDP) are described. The possible mechanisms of the extraosseous tumoral accumulation of 99mTc-MDP in these malignancies are discussed. The usefulness of this method for the diagnosis, localization, and follow-up of some extraosseous tumors is evaluated. PMID- 3159576 TI - Localization of 11C-radiopharmaceuticals in the Greene melanoma of hamsters. AB - Seventy Syrian golden hamsters bearing SC transplants of Greene melanoma were used to evaluate the degree of tumour uptake of several 11C-radiopharmaceuticals selected for their potential specificity for melanoma. Tissue distribution studies were performed at 30 and 60 min after IV injection of 11C-compounds and compared with the 24-h uptake of 67Ga-citrate. Gamma camera images were also compared. The highest tumour uptake at 1 h was observed with 11C-methionine (2.42% +/- 0.72%) and although activity in liver, spleen and kidney exceeded that in melanoma the tumour was demonstrated on gamma camera imaging. Melanoma localisation of 11C-chlorpromazine, 11C-flunitrazepam and 11C-ketanserine was comparable at 1% of the dose injected per gram of tumour. High activity in other organs, particularly liver, exceeded uptake in melanoma and attempts at tumour imaging were unsuccessful. Tumour accumulation of 11C-methiodide quinuclidinyl benzylate (MQNB), an 11C-imidazobenzodiazepine (Ro-15-1788) and 14C-pimozide was low and imaging studies were not attempted. None of the 11C-radiopharmaceuticals evaluated for melanoma affinity matched that of 67Ga-citrate. The 24-h tumour uptake of 67Ga-citrate was 4.07% +/- 1.37% dose injected per gram which allowed delineation of the melanoma by gamma camera imaging. PMID- 3159577 TI - Improvement of data acquisition and analysis to evaluate regional ventilation. AB - To evaluate the regional ventilation using 133Xe under different conditions, the respiratory flow and the phase with image were measured simultaneously, and sequential frames were made breath by breath. The flow signal and phase signal were converted to pulse signals by a microcomputer and stored with image data in the same file. Thus, the tidal volume and duration of each breath were measured. From sequential frames compiled breath by breath, an activity breath-number curve was made in each pixel, and the half-clearance breath number (B1/2) was calculated. The changes in conventional half-clearance time (T1/2) and B1/2 were compared under different ventilatory conditions in normal subjects and in patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema. Values of B1/2 indicated the change of turnover rate more accurately than T1/2. It is considered that B1/2 is a better parameter than T1/2 for evaluating the change in regional ventilatory function under different conditions. PMID- 3159578 TI - Bone-scan "cold" lesion caused by an osteolytic metastasis from an adenocarcinoma of the thyroid. AB - A case of a "cold" lesion on sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m (99mTc) bone scan of the pelvis of a patient with an adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland is reported. X ray demonstrated an osteolytic metastasis, and biopsy revealed its origin to be a thyroid adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3159579 TI - Contribution of immunological markers to the diagnosis and prognosis of human leukemia. AB - Surface markers have been of proven diagnostic and prognostic use in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). T cell ALL (T-ALL), where blasts possess receptors for sheep red blood cells (R-SRC+), is associated with an adverse prognosis in children and adults. The presence of common ALL antigen (CALLA)-positive blasts (i.e. common-ALL) in children is indicative of a good response to treatment, in contrast to the poor response shown by pre-B-ALL cases, where the blasts are also CALLA-positive but additionally contain cytoplasmic mu chains. Recently a subgroup of T-ALL, immature T-ALL, was identified, where the blasts lack R-SRC and T cell markers (such as T1, T3, T4, T8, T6) but carry a pan T cell antigen (p40) recognized by the monoclonal antibody LAU-A1(12/103 ALL cases in our series). This new subgroup, immature T-ALL (R-SRC-/p40+), also seems to be associated with a poor prognosis, like T-ALL. PMID- 3159580 TI - Leukemia X fibroblast hybrid cells prolong the lives of leukemic mice. AB - ASL-1 leukemia X LM(TK-) fibroblast hybrid cells prolong the livers of leukemic (A/JXC3H/HeJ)F1 mice. The hybrid cells, like the fibroblast cells used in forming the hybrid, have lost malignant growth properties in immunocompetent recipients and are rejected. Mice receiving hybrid cells along with ASL-1 cells exhibit immunity toward the leukemia cells; approximately 50% of the animals injected with 10(6) or more hybrid cells along with ASL-1 cells survive more than 60 days; animals in the control group injected with leukemia cells alone invariably die in shorter intervals. The immunity generated is persistent for at least 6 months. Some leukemic mice receiving doses of combination chemotherapy which are insufficient to cure them of the disease survive for prolonged and at times indefinite periods if they are injected with hybrid cells. The immunity generated in mice receiving hybrid cells is directed toward a leukemia-associated antigen of leukemia cells expressed by hybrid cells as well. In mixed lymphocyte culture a heightened stimulation of spleen cells from hybrid cell-injected mice toward ASL-1 cells is observed. PMID- 3159581 TI - The interface between biomechanics and neurophysiology in the study of movement: some recent approaches. PMID- 3159582 TI - Energetic aspects of skeletal muscle contraction: implications of fiber types. AB - In this chapter fundamental energetic properties of skeletal muscles as elucidated from isolated muscle preparations are described. Implications of these intrinsic properties for the energetic characterization of different fiber types and for the understanding of locomotion have been considered. Emphasis was placed on the myriad of physical and chemical techniques that can be employed to understand muscle energetics and on the interrelationship of results from different techniques. The anaerobic initial processes which liberate energy during contraction and relaxation are discussed in detail. The high-energy phosphate (approximately P) utilized during contraction and relaxation can be distributed between actomyosin ATPase or cross-bridge cycling (70%) and the Ca2+ ATPase of the sacroplasmic reticulum (30%). Muscle shortening increases the rate of approximately P hydrolysis, and stretching a muscle during contraction suppresses the rate of approximately P hydrolysis. The economy of an isometric contraction is defined as the ratio of isometric mechanical response to energetic cost and is shown to be a fundamental intrinsic parameter describing muscle energetics. Economy of contraction varies across the animal kingdom by over three orders of magnitude and is different in different mammalian fiber types. In mammalian skeletal muscles differences in economy of contraction can be attributed mainly to differences in the specific actomyosin and Ca2+ ATPase of muscles. Furthermore, there is an inverse relationship between economy of contraction and maximum velocity of muscle shortening (Vmax) and maximum power output. This is a fundamental relationship. Muscles cannot be economical at developing and maintaining force and also exhibit rapid shortening. Interestingly, there appears to be a subtle system of unknown nature that modulates the Vmax and economy of contraction. Efficiency of a work-producing contraction is defined and contrasted to the economy of contraction. Unlike economy, maximum efficiency of work production varies little across the animal kingdom. There are difficulties associated with the measurement of maximum efficiency of contraction, and it has yet to be determined unequivocally if the maximum efficiency of contraction varies in different fiber types. The intrinsic properties of force per cross-sectional area, economy, and Vmax determine the basic energetic properties of skeletal muscles. Nonetheless, the mechanics and energetics of skeletal muscles in the body are profoundly influenced by muscle architecture, attachment of muscles to the skeleton, and motor unit organization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3159585 TI - HLA class II restriction governing cell cooperation between antigen-specific helper T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and monocytes for in vitro antibody production to influenza virus. AB - To study HLA class II compatibility requirement for in vitro antibody production to influenza virus, semipurified T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and monocytes from HLA-typed responder donors were used. The presence of the three subpopulations was required for antibody production while a mixture of only two of those was ineffective. When using fresh T lymphocytes which exert an allogeneic suppressive effect and may also exhibit allogeneic helper activity, it was not possible to conclude an HLA class II-linked restriction of T-B cell cooperation although there was a suggestion of it. However, a grown H3 hemagglutinin-specific T cell line (L2), previously shown to be restricted by HLA-DR molecule (DR1) for interaction with antigen-presenting cells and devoid of allogeneic reactivity, exerts an HLA class II-restricted helper activity. This was demonstrated by various combinations of HLA-DR semi-compatible or incompatible B lymphocytes and/or monocytes with L2 T cells. The restriction element was identified as an HLA-DR determined since HLA-DC-compatible, HLA-DR-incompatible B lymphocytes were not helped by L2 T cells. In addition, monoclonal anti-HLA-DR but not anti-HLA-DC antibodies directed to the relevant specificity did inhibit the antigen-specific helper activity. We present evidence that not only T monocyte but also T-B and/or T-B-monocyte interactions are HLA class II restricted. PMID- 3159583 TI - Effect of intravenous ketanserin on plasma catecholamines and renin activity in normal volunteers. AB - In a placebo controlled, single blind, randomized cross over study catecholamines (CA) and renin activity (PRA) in plasma were measured in 2 female and 4 male healthy volunteers, at rest in the supine position, following a single intravenous injection of 0.15 mg/kg ketanserin (K) and placebo (P, 10 ml saline). K caused a significant increase in the area under the plasma norepinephrine (NE) time curve (AUCNE) from 13,200 to 18,100 ng X 1(-1) X min for 1 hour after the injection. The area under the plasma epinephrine (E) time curve (AUCE) was also increased but to a lesser extent; it was significantly elevated from 54 to 68 ng X 1(-1) X min for 1 minute after the injection. Dopamine (DA) and PRA did not show any significant response to ketanserin. Following the P injection, none of the four parameters showed any significant change. PMID- 3159584 TI - Helper T cell requirements for T15 idiotype expression on phosphorylcholine specific antibodies. AB - The requirement for idiotype-specific T cells was investigated in the T15 idiotype-dominant T cell-dependent response of unprimed BALB/c and (BALB/c X C57BL/6)F1 B cells to phosphorylcholine (PC). It was first demonstrated that cloned keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-specific, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted T helper (Th) cells as well as heterogeneous KLH-primed Th populations were capable of generating PC-specific antibody responses in T depleted unprimed B cell populations cultured in the presence of PC-KLH. The PC binding antibody responses generated under these conditions were indistinguishable when assayed for carrier-hapten linkage requirements, immunoglobulin isotype (predominantly IgM) or PC affinity. Further, it was observed that the PC-binding antibodies which were generated in the presence of these two T cell populations expressed equivalently high levels of T15 idiotype. Assaying antibody and idiotype by either enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or plaque-forming cell assay yielded similar results. Since monoclonal MHC restricted, KLH-specific Th cells presumably lack any additional T cell populations, these results argue against an absolute requirement for anti idiotypic Th cells in the generation of T15-dominant antibody responses. PMID- 3159586 TI - Receptors for immunoglobulin isotypes (FcR) on murine T cells. II. Multiple FcR induction on hybridoma T cell clones. AB - In the preceding report (Eur. J. Immunol. 1985. 15: 662), we described a variety of receptors for the Fc portion of the different isotypes of mouse immunoglobulins (FcR), that were found to be expressed on hybridoma T cell clones. In the present work, we wondered whether the expression of these T cell FcR would be regulated by environmental influences such as the presence of corresponding ligands. We found that exposing the cells to the bulk of serum immunoglobulins in vivo, or to purified monoclonal immunoglobulins in vitro both resulted in FcR induction. The expression of all constitutive receptors, i.e. Fcgamma 1/2bR, Fcgamma3R, FcalphaR and FcepsilonR, could be increased upon incubation with IgG1, IgG2b, IgG3, IgA and IgE, respectively. After induction, the specificity of FcR was not modified. Two FcR were detectable only upon induction. These were Fcgamma2a/2b/1R, induced by IgG2a and FcmuR, induced by IgM. Interestingly, FcR detectable after induction only were short-lived at the membrane. Ten to 15 h after induction they were not detected any more, whereas the expression of constitutive FcR remained elevated for at least 24 h following induction. Therefore, depending on the concentration of immunoglobulins in the environment, and depending on whether they are short lived or long lived, FcR can modulate their expression on the membrane of T cells. Such a versatility might be an efficient means to contribute to isotypic regulation through the release of regulatory immunoglobulin-binding factors. factors. PMID- 3159587 TI - Early B cell precursors in long-term bone marrow culture: selective development in the bone marrow of irradiated recipients. AB - The primary site for the growth and differentiation of B cell precursors in irradiated recipient mice was investigated. Bone marrow (BM) cells from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responder C57BL/6 mice were transferred into irradiated LPS-nonresponder C57BL/10ScCr mice, and the generation of donor-derived B cells in the recipient was monitored by determining the immunoglobulin-producing cells developed in the LPS-stimulated cultures of recipient's spleen cells as well as BM cells. As previously stated, the transfer of fresh BM cells resulted in the development of LPS-reactive cells both in spleen and BM simultaneously. On the other hand, when long-term cultured BM cells which were shown to be devoid of B cells and pre-B cells were used as the donor cells, the development of LPS reactive cells was first observed only in BM, and subsequently in both BM and spleen. The failure to detect LPS-reactive cells in the spleen in the early phase, or day 11 after irradiation and reconstitution, was not attributed to the culture condition or the existence of suppressive activity in day 11 spleen cells. These results indicate that B cell precursors lodge only in the BM of irradiated recipients, grow and differentiate in the same place, and then the differentiated progeny migrate to peripheral lymphoid organs. PMID- 3159588 TI - Separation of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors. PMID- 3159589 TI - Antagonism by lisuride and 8-OH-DPAT of 5-HTP-induced prolongation of the performance of male rat sexual behavior. AB - Both lisuride and 8-OH-DPAT dose dependently antagonized the 5-HTP-induced inhibition of male rat sexual behavior. The increase in the number of intromissions and/or the ejaculation latency produced by 5-HTP, 25 mg/kg i.p. ( 60 min) in combination with the peripheral 5-HTP decarboxylase inhibitor benserazide, 25 mg/kg i.p. (-90 min), were antagonized by lisuride, 0.05-0.1 mg/kg i.p. (-15 min) and by 8-OH-DPAT, 0.025-0.05 mg/kg i.p. (-15 min). Thus, in this model lisuride and 8-OH-DPAT behave as 5-HT antagonists. PMID- 3159590 TI - Neurite extension by neuroblastoma cells on substratum-bound fibronectin's cell binding fragment but not on the heparan sulfate-binding protein, platelet factor 4. AB - Human and rat neuroblastoma cells extend neurites over plasma fibronectin (pFN) coated substrata. For resolution of which fibronectin binding activities (the cell-binding domain (CBD), the heparan sulfate-binding domains, or a combination of the two) are responsible for neurite outgrowth, CBD was prepared free of heparan sulfate-binding activity as described by Pierschbacher et al. (Cell 26 (1981) 259-267). Neuroblastoma cells attached and extended neurites as stably and as effectively on CBD-coated substrata as on intact pFN, while cytoplasmic spreading was more extensive on pFN-coated substrata. The structures of growth cones on CBD or pFN were virtually identical. On substrata coated with the model heparan sulfate-binding protein, platelet factor 4 (PF4), cells attached and spread somewhat but never extended neurites. When cells were challenged with substrata coated with various ratios of CBD and PF4, PF4 was found to be an effective inhibitor of CBD-mediated neurite extension. Similarly, cells grown on substrata coated at different locations with CBD or PF4 in order to evaluate topographical dependence of growth cone formation extended neurites only onto the CBD-coated region or along the interface between these two proteins, but never onto the PF4 side of cells that bridged the interface. These studies indicate that (a) the CBD activity of pFN, and not its heparan sulfate-binding activity, is the critical determinant in neurite extension of these neural tumor cells from the central nervous system; (b) under some circumstances, heparan sulfate-binding activity can be antagonistic to neurite extension; (c) the chemical nature of the substratum controls the direction of neurite extension; (d) these neuroblastoma cells respond to these binding proteins very differently than fibroblasts or neurons from the peripheral nervous system. PMID- 3159591 TI - Characterization of protein F1 (47 kDa, 4.5 pI): a kinase C substrate directly related to neural plasticity. AB - We recently demonstrated that long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal formation leads to a selective increase in the phosphorylation of a 47-kDa protein band (F1). The present report provided evidence, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, that only one major phosphoprotein in rat is found at 47 kDa under conditions identical to those used in that earlier study. This protein, which we also term F1, has an isoelectric point of 4.5 and is increased in phosphorylation after long-term potentiation. In addition to this identification, we demonstrated in two-dimensional gels that protein F1 is a membrane-enriched kinase C substrate whose phosphorylation is stimulated by Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine. Protein F1 may be equivalent to several reported proteins: a brain-specific, synaptically enriched protein (B-50), a major membrane-bound growth cone protein (pp46), and a fast axonally transported "growth-associated protein" (GAP43; 44- to 49-kDa goldfish optic nerve protein). Protein F1 participation in neural plasticity may thus involve growth occurring at synaptic loci. PMID- 3159592 TI - The Ca2+-transport ATPases in smooth muscle. AB - A calmodulin stimulated Ca2+-transport ATPase which has many of the characteristics of the erythrocyte type Ca2+-transport ATPase has been purified from smooth muscle. In particular, the effect of calmodulin on these transport enzymes is mimicked by partial proteolysis and antibodies against erythrocyte Ca2+-transport ATPase also bind to the smooth muscle (Ca2+ + Mg2+)ATPase. A correlation between the distribution of the calmodulin stimulated (Ca2+ + Mg2+)ATPase and (Na+ + K+)ATPase activities in smooth muscle membranes separated by density gradient centrifugation suggests a plasmalemmal distribution of this (Ca2+ + Mg2+)ATPase. A phosphoprotein intermediate in smooth muscle which strongly resembles the corresponding phosphoprotein in sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle may indicate the presence in smooth muscle of a similar type of Ca2+-transport ATPase. PMID- 3159593 TI - The protective effect of nitrendipine on gentamicin acute renal failure in rats. AB - Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity was produced in two groups of Fischer rats by intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin, 40 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. Beginning 3 days prior to, and continuing throughout the 2-week treatment period, one of the groups (control) received the inert vehicle, polyethylene glycol, while the experimental group was given nitrendipine, a calcium channel blocker, in a dose of 25 mg/kg/day by gavage. Both groups received food and water ad libitum. Gentamicin with vehicle caused a marked decrease in inulin clearance (4.9 ml/min/kg) and paraaminohippurate (PAH) extraction (26%), and extensive renal tubular necrosis. In comparison, the nitrendipine-treated rats had a significantly increased clearance (9.8 ml/min/kg) and PAH extraction (48%), and less histopathologic damage. Renal tissue content of gentamicin was not influenced by nitrendipine after 4 days of dosing. Nitrendipine, a diisopyridine derived calcium channel blocker, offers significant functional and histologic protection against aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in Fischer rats. Its mode of action in this regard is unknown. PMID- 3159595 TI - Muscle atrophy and histopathology of the soleus in 6-mercaptopurine-treated rats. AB - This study was conducted to examine the histochemical changes occurring due to neonatal 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) treatment (2 mg/kg, sc, between 2 and 22 days after birth) in the slow-twitch muscle (soleus) of adult male and female rats. At 6 months of age, the control and the 6-MP-treated rats were evaluated for the sciatic nerve conduction to the soleus and for the soleus atrophy and histopathology of the type I (slow-twitch) and type II (fast-twitch) muscle fibers. Compared to the normal controls, the 6-MP-treated male and female rats showed similar sciatic nerve conduction to the soleus. However, there was a significant muscle atrophy (57-60%, P less than 0.01) and a decrease in fiber areas of the type I (42-54%, P less than 0.05) and type II (41-71%, P less than 0.01) fibers. The number of type II fibers declined significantly (7.4-14.8%, P less than 0.05). It is proposed that the soleus muscle atrophy and histopathology in 6-MP-treated rats is unrelated to nerve conduction defects and may be related to growth inhibition caused by an interference of the drug during normal differentiation of muscle fibers. PMID- 3159594 TI - Incorporation of [3H]thymidine into myocardial capillary cells in streptozotocin diabetic rats. AB - It was the aim of this study to test the hypothesis that abnormal thickening of capillary basal laminae in the diabetic organism may be due to postulated cycles of capillary cell turnover of increasing frequency. The accelerated cell turnover, it was theorized, may lead to laminar thickening through adhesion of basal laminae synthesized by regenerating cells with residual laminae of previously degenerated capillaries. Nine streptozotocin-diabetic rats and six nondiabetic controls were injected ip with tritiated thymidine, 1.0 microCi/g body weight. Three additional controls, for the purpose of identifying a potentially toxic action of streptozotocin which may affect the incorporation of thymidine into DNA, were treated in an identical manner. One hour postinjection, the animals were sacrificed, the heart was excised and sliced transversely. The tissue slices were fixed in 10% neutral buffered Formalin, dehydrated, and embedded in paraffin. Sections 6 microns thick were dipped in Kodak emulsion and were developed following an exposure of 4 weeks. Examination of the autoradiographs revealed distinctly labeled capillary endothelial cells in the myocardium of nondiabetic controls; labeling of these cells was strikingly reduced in the diabetic rats. These results indicate that proliferative activity of capillary endothelial cells is markedly retarded in the diabetic myocardium and that the reduced labeling can be ascribed genuinely to the diabetic environment. This finding does not provide support for the hypothesis that an accelerated cell turnover may be responsible for basal laminar thickening in the diabetic. PMID- 3159596 TI - Changes in plasma histamine concentration in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. AB - Plasma histamine concentrations were measured in rats made diabetic via jugular vein injection of streptozotocin and held 4 weeks following diabetes diagnosis. At least 15 diabetic animals received insulin (6-8 U/day) or alpha hydrazinohistidine (alpha-HH) for the last week of the holding period. alpha-HH is a specific inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase (HD), the principle histamine forming enzyme in mammals. Plasma histamine concentrations, expressed as means and mean standard errors (ng/ml) were as follows: control, 25.5 +/- 2.4; diabetic, 47.1 +/- 5.2; diabetic-insulin, 34.6 +/- 2.9; diabetic-alpha-HH, 28.1 +/- 2.1. These data indicate that in experimental diabetes there is an expansion of the nascent, or inducible histamine pool, an increase which is reflected by increased circulating plasma histamine. This may be one component mediating altered microvessel as well as large vessel permeability characteristics, an underlying component of both diabetic microangiopathy and macroangiopathy. PMID- 3159597 TI - An analysis of the content and morphology of human breast microcysts. AB - The composition of 40 human breast microcysts, dissected from eight biopsy and 14 mastectomy specimens has been analysed. All contained high concentrations of the androgen conjugate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, the median value being more than 1000 times that of plasma. In ten cysts sufficient fluid was available for cationic analysis and in all the potassium concentration exceeded that of sodium. This composition suggests an apocrine derivation of the constituents of breast microcysts. This is substantiated by the finding of PAS diastase positive granules in the epithelium lining all 40 microcysts. These findings indicate that there is a single population of breast microcysts which are lined by epithelium with apocrine secretory activity. PMID- 3159598 TI - An LH-RH analogue (Zoladex) in the management of carcinoma of the prostate: a preliminary report comparing daily subcutaneous injections with monthly depot injections. AB - The luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, Zoladex, has been used in three centres, Pontefract, Antwerp and Mistelbach, to treat carcinoma of the prostate. An initial protocol using a soluble daily injection has been followed by a second study employing a monthly administered depot preparation. After an initial stimulation it has been shown that both daily and monthly injections reduce plasma testosterone to castrate levels. Circulating luteinizing hormone levels are also initially stimulated and then suppressed. Treatment toxicity has been minimal and in these short term studies reduction of acid phosphatase and subjective and objective tumour responses have been similar to those expected from effective hormonal therapy of prostatic cancer. PMID- 3159599 TI - Expectant management and hydrotubations in the treatment of endometriosis associated infertility. AB - One hundred twenty-three infertility patients with laparoscopically documented endometriosis were managed expectantly for an interval of 1 to 25 months. Analysis revealed an overall pregnancy rate of 24.4% and a monthly fecundity rate (MFR) of 3.1%. Patients with mild disease had an overall pregnancy rate of 52.9% and an MFR of 5.7%. Women with moderate endometriosis did less well, but still demonstrated a pregnancy rate of 25% and an MFR of 3.2%. No pregnancies occurred with severe disease and expectant management. Postlaparoscopic hydrotubation was evaluated for its therapeutic effect with the use of multivariate analysis and maximum likelihood analysis. The results indicate that there is no decrease in the laparoscopy to conception interval, whereas a potential increase in cure rate cannot be adequately evaluated at this time. PMID- 3159602 TI - Early recognition of transplantation antigens by T lymphocytes. I. Test system and cellular parameters. AB - Within 2-4 h of interaction of parental spleen cells from naive mice or of their supernates with alloantigen-bearing F1 hybrid spleen cells, a factor called soluble early product of immune recognition (SEPIR) is secreted. SEPIR could be revealed by its ability to enhance mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC) set up in suboptimal conditions. The factor appears to be generated by parental strain T but not B lymphocytes, is active at low concentration and acts in a pulse-like fashion. Its formation is triggered by unstimulated T cells reacting with H-2 antigens; no cytokine activity of IL 1, IL 2 or interferon character could be detected. It is suggested that the formation of SEPIR within the first few hours of MLC interaction is critically related to the further development of alloantigen-driven T cell proliferation. SEPIR might thus be the earliest discernible product of alloimmune recognition. PMID- 3159601 TI - [HLA typing and chloramphenicol allergy]. PMID- 3159600 TI - [Occupational contact dermatitis caused by dichlorvos pesticide]. PMID- 3159603 TI - Early recognition of transplantation antigens by T lymphocytes. II. Specificity and characterization of the recognition process. AB - In crude supernates of interactions of parental strain T spleen cells with H-2 antigen-bearing F1 hybrid spleen cells, a product (soluble early product of immune recognition, SEPIR) can be found which enhances mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) reactions set up with suboptimal cell concentrations (SMLC). Supernates of parental T cells reacting with F1 spleen cell also produce this factor. The product ameliorates SMLC proliferative responses specifically since identical antigenic specificities have to be recognized in both SEPIR formation and in test SMLC. Further evidence for SEPIR being an immunologically specific product is documented by the finding that spleen cells from mice made specifically tolerant at birth cannot respond to the tolerogen with SEPIR formation, but are fully reactive towards unrelated H-2 antigens. No responses to syngeneic or autologous antigens could be discerned. Characterization of allorecognition resulting in SEPIR formation has revealed that spleen cells of Lyt 23 phenotype recognize H 2K/D-encoded antigens. Lyt 1 cells appear to be incapable of forming the early product and H-2I-determined antigens fail to incite a response. Reactivity to class I antigens was amenable to specific inhibition by monoclonal alloantibodies. PMID- 3159604 TI - Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase from human placenta--effects of adenylyl and guanylyl imidodiphosphate. AB - The effects of adenylylimidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) and guanylylimidodiphosphate (GMP-PNP) on the kinetics of MgATP, MgITP and MgGTP hydrolysis by mitochondrial ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) from human placenta were studied. AMP-PNP is a noncompetitive inhibitor of hydrolysis of all substrates used, both in the presence and in the absence of the activating HCO3- anion. At least two binding sites for AMP-PNP are present in the F1. Unlike AMP-PNP, GMP-PNP was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of hydrolysis of all substrates used. The results of the kinetic experiments presented support the alternating three-site mechanism of ATP hydrolysis by mitochondrial ATPase. PMID- 3159605 TI - Application of the reverse dept polarization-transfer pulse sequence to monitor in vitro and in vivo metabolism of 13C-ethanol by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. AB - Using the reverse 13C----1H DEPT polarization-transfer pulse sequence the metabolism of 13C ethanol in vitro and in vivo has been monitored by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Using yeast alcohol dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde, the hydrated form of acetaldehyde and acetate were identified as metabolites of [2-13C]-ethanol. The ratio of hydrated to free acetaldehyde was dependent upon the protein concentration of the reaction mixture. Binding of acetaldehyde in an irreversible Schiffs base resulted in optimal enzyme activity. Hepatocytes from rats fasted for 20 h, metabolised [1-13C] and [2-13C]ethanol in a linear fashion, but no [13C]acetaldehyde was detected. Metabolic integrity of the hepatocytes was confirmed with [2-13C]acetate. The addition of disulfiram (50 micron) to hepatocyte suspensions which had been incubated with [1-13C]ethanol, resulted in the resynthesis of [13C]ethanol. The amount of [13C]ethanol resynthesized under these conditions represents intracellular acetaldehyde whose concentration was in the range of 400-800 mumol/g wet weight of hepatocytes when 50 mM ethanol had been originally incubated with the hepatocyte suspension. These studies show how NMR-polarization transfer pulse sequences can be used to monitor the metabolism of 13C-ethanol in vivo, and provide a unique tool to measure in vivo concentrations of acetaldehyde. The studies also suggest that cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase may play a major role in hepatic ethanol metabolism. PMID- 3159606 TI - Calcium mobilization potentiates prolactin release induced by protein kinase C activators. AB - The in vitro effect of synthetic diacylglycerol (DG) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), potent stimulators of protein kinase C, was studied on prolactin release. These substances increased, in a concentration-dependent manner, prolactin release from primary cultures of anterior pituitary cells. Similarly, exposure of pituitary cells to phospholipase C, which liberates endogenous DG from various substrates, also enhanced prolactin release. The effect of Ca2+ mobilization on PMA-, synthetic DG- or phospholipase C-induced prolactin release was examined. A23187 at 400 nM or 2 ng/ml maitotoxin, a Ca2+ channel activator, did not affect prolactin release by themselves, but enhanced the release of prolactin induced by DG, PMA or phospholipase C. The stimulatory effects of DG, PMA and phospholipase C on prolactin release were reduced by co-incubation with dopamine. These results suggest that the presumed activation of protein kinase C by DG and mobilization of Ca2+ may be synergistically involved in the regulation of prolactin release. Dopamine appears to inhibit prolactin release at a point distal to the DG-enhanced stimulation of the process. PMID- 3159607 TI - Protein kinase C activity in experimentally developed and regressed rat thyroid goitres. AB - The presence of protein kinase C activity in rat thyroid glands was demonstrated by kinetic studies, using lysine-rich histone as substrate. DE 52 cellulose chromatography resolved thyroidal protein kinase C activity into two peaks, the first eluting at 50 mM and the second at 150 mM salt solution. They contained respectively 40% and 60% of the total activity. In cytosols from experimentally induced goitres, which are hyperplastic tissues, protein kinase C activity rose 3 4-fold compared to control glands. In this tissue, protein kinase C seems to be present in reversibly activated form, since its activity was completely inhibited in the absence of calcium and phospholipids. After removal of growth stimulus, rapid involution of goitres occurred, producing a spectacular decrease in protein kinase C activity. In goitres regressed for 5 days, the level of protein kinase C was lower than in untreated control tissue. The protein kinase C activities in control glands and developed and regressed goitres were 1.88, 5.85 and 0.74 pmoles 32P/mg tissue, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate, for the first time, a direct correlation between the protein kinase C level and the thyroid gland growth activity induced by endogenous stimuli. PMID- 3159608 TI - Properties and relative immunogenicity of various preparations of recombinant DNA derived hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - The gene for hepatitis B surface antigen was cloned into vectors for expression in yeast and mammalian cells. These hosts assemble the surface antigen protein into spherical structures containing cell-derived lipids. Particles were isolated from these cell cultures and purified by standard biochemical and biophysical means. Protein micells were formed from such particles by removal of lipid with nonionic detergent. Both particle and protein micellar preparations were formulated with alum adjuvant and tested for their immunopotency in mice. All the materials so analysed proved to be highly immunogenic. Safety and regulatory aspects of these materials and other potential and current hepatitis B vaccines are discussed. It is concluded that the yeast-derived materials and certain mammalian cell production systems present the most suitable opportunities for new hepatitis B vaccines. PMID- 3159609 TI - Chlorozocin. A diabetogenic analogue of streptozocin with dissimilar mechanisms of action on pancreatic beta cells. AB - Chlorozotocin (chlorozocin, CLZ), the 2-chloroethyl analogue of streptozocin (STZ), was evaluated in three species of rodents. The drug is currently being used in phase II chemotherapeutic trials in man, and appears to be effective in the treatment of certain tumors. In our studies, hyperglycemia was induced in hamsters as early as 2 days after a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 30 60 mg/kg and was most striking at 4 days. Greater concentrations of CLZ (greater than or equal to 50 mg/kg) were required to produce hyperglycemia in CD-1 mice. Degranulation and necrosis of beta cells developed in hamsters and mice, whereas alpha and acinar cells of the pancreas revealed no morphologic changes. Hyperglycemia was not induced in rats at any concentration tested; however, animals showed abnormal carbohydrate tolerance after administration of 100 mg/kg CLZ (LD50 dosage). The nature of damage by CLZ to beta cells was investigated both in vivo and in vitro. Pretreatment of hamsters with nicotinamide (500 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to alter the extent of CLZ-induced beta cell injury and associated hyperglycemia, but decreased the amount of beta cell necrosis and hyperglycemia in animals receiving STZ. The nonmetabolizable sugar, 3-O-methylglucose (3-O-MG), and 3-aminobenzamide, an inhibitor of the nuclear enzyme, polyADPribose synthetase, prevented STZ-associated damage to beta cells in islet cell cultures, but only 3-O-MG reduced CLZ-induced toxicity. Thus, in comparison to STZ, CLZ appears to be a diabetogenic agent with different species specificity and alternative mechanisms of cytotoxicity. The glucose moiety of both drugs appears critical in the induction of beta cell damage. PMID- 3159610 TI - Deformation and fracture of dentinal adhesive resins. PMID- 3159611 TI - Intraligamentary anesthesia (transligamentary anesthesia) for health compromized patients. PMID- 3159612 TI - [Seasonal asymmetry of the average skin temperature of the right and left hand]. PMID- 3159613 TI - [Clinical and instrumental study of dilated cardiomyopathy (analysis of 30 cases)]. PMID- 3159614 TI - Augmentation of the cell-mediated cytotoxic response induced in mixed cell culture by adriamycin. AB - The effects of adriamycin (AM) on the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in primary stimulation cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) with B-lymphoblastoid cell line Raji were assessed. When AM was added to the culture on day 1 for 24 hr at a concentration of 10(-8)M, the cell-mediated cytotoxic response was significantly augmented as compared to that in untreated culture. The augmented cytotoxic response was significantly depressed when unfractionated cells harvested from untreated culture were added to the effector cells from AM-treated culture. The response was slightly more reduced by addition of cells from untreated culture after treatment with OKT3. However, the addition of cells from untreated culture after removal of adherent cells resulted rather in an increase of the cytotoxic response. When adherent cell fraction was removed from the effector cells, the cytotoxic response in nonadherent fraction from AM treated culture was similar to that observed in unfractionated cells from the same culture. On the other hand, nonadherent fraction from untreated culture gave an increased cytotoxic response, which was of almost the same magnitude as that of cells from the augmented, AM-treated culture. These results suggested that the augmentation of cytotoxic response observed in AM-treated culture might be due to inhibition by AM of the generation of suppressive activity in the adherent cell population during PBM-Raji cell culture. PMID- 3159615 TI - Direction of splenic venous flow assessed by pulsed Doppler flowmetry in patients with a large splenorenal shunt. Relation to spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy. AB - We studied the direction of blood flow in the splenic vein, using a combined ultrasonic system consisting of an electronic sector scanner and a pulsed Doppler flowmeter, in 21 patients with a large spontaneous splenorenal shunt demonstrated by angiography. Pulsed Doppler flowmetry revealed hepatofugal flow in the splenic vein in all 11 patients with chronic spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatopetal flow in 10 patients without encephalopathy. In the former, hepatofugal flow of part of the superior mesenteric venous blood into the splenorenal shunt was corroborated by the venogram obtained after superior mesenteric arteriography. In 5 patients without a history of hepatic encephalopathy, superior mesenteric arteriography demonstrated hepatofugal flow of part of the superior mesenteric venous blood into the splenorenal shunt. Pulsed Doppler flowmetry, however, revealed hepatopetal flow in all of these patients, suggesting that the angiographic finding of hepatofugal flow may have represented an artifact. PMID- 3159617 TI - Splenic cyst--definitive treatment by laparoscopy. PMID- 3159616 TI - Effect of ionizing radiation on gastric secretion and gastric motility in monkeys. AB - The prodromal syndrome of radiation sickness is characterized by nausea and vomiting but the pathophysiology and the treatment of this entity is largely unknown. We investigated this problem by determining the effects of ionizing radiation on gastric function with and without administration of the dopamine antagonist domperidone. We measured gastric electrical control activity (waves per minute), fractional emptying rate (percent per minute), acid output (microequivalents per minute), and plasma levels of immunoreactive beta endorphin. Twelve conscious, chair-adapted rhesus monkeys were studied twice before, once immediately after, and once 2 days after a single 800-cGy (800 rads) 60Co total body irradiation. In addition to causing vomiting, total body irradiation transiently suppressed gastric electrical control activity, gastric emptying and gastric secretion, while increasing plasma levels of immunoreactive beta-endorphin. Domperidone had no effect on vomiting or gastric function either before or after irradiation, but it significantly increased plasma immunoreactive beta-endorphin. PMID- 3159619 TI - Neurospora trehalase and its structural gene. AB - We have isolated Neurospora trehalaseless mutants and mapped the trehalase structural gene to linkage group I. The structural gene mutations not only affect thermostability and other characteristics of the enzyme but also affect the production of an inhibitor of the wild-type trehalase. The inhibitor appears to be the mutant trehalase. We suggest that the mutant subunits act as inhibitors by entering into the multimeric forms of the enzyme and altering the ability of the normal wild-type subunits to catalyze the cleavage of trehalose.--Wild type trehalase has been purified to near homogeneity, and its characteristics have been studied. It was purified as a tetramer, with each subunit having a molecular weight of 88,000.--We have studied the regulation of trehalase and found the production of trehalase to be glucose repressible. Cells begin to produce trehalase 60 min after being transferred to glucose-free medium. PMID- 3159618 TI - [Dependence of morphologic changes in portio, cervix and endometrium on dosage or potency of synthetic gestagens]. AB - Four different gestagens were compared with each other in respect of their morphological effects on portio, cervical mucosa and endometrium, using 632 surgical preparations. The four groups of woman patients formed in this manner had the same structure and were examined under the same observation conditions in respect of all important parameters. Small alveolar glandular structures and precanceroses of the cervical mucosa originating from reserve cell hyperplasia were seen significantly more often at the portio under high dosages of norgestrel than under high lynestrenol dosages. Hence, norgestrel exercises a proliferative and metaplastic stimulus on the cylindrical epithelium of the cervical glandular field, in contrast to lynestrenol. High norgestrel dosages caused atrophies of the corpus endometrium significantly more often than low norgestrel dosages, desogestrel or lynestrenol at low dosage levels. On the other hand, low norgestrel dosages were more often responsible for low-level and delayed secretions, whereas pronounced oestrogen-involving proliferations were more frequent under lynestrenol, and rigid secretions occurred with above-average frequency under desogestrel. The results allow us to conclude that morphological effects of synthetic gestagens partly occur in strict correlation to the dosage. There are, however, also dose-independent type-specific changes. In the determination of the gestagenic potency of apreparation, its morphological effects on portio, cervix and endometrium are a reliable additional parameter. PMID- 3159620 TI - [Formation and genetic structure of polylysogens for lambda and phi 80 and their lambda att80 hybrid infecting wild-type Escherichia coli]. AB - The frequency of polylysogeny and the genetic structure of polylysogens were studied for phages lambda, phi 80 and lambda att80. For none of these phages does frequency of polylysogeny vary by more than a factor of 2 within a wide range of multiplicities of infection (from 10(-3) up to 10) but the relative location of the prophages on the host chromosome is different. In the case of lambda, polylysogens are formed with a high frequency (0.20-0.41) and the prophages are inserted in tandem into the primary (normal) att site. In the case of phi 80 and lambda att80, polylysogens occur about 10 times less frequently and usually have one prophage inserted into the primary attachment site and another (sometimes, also a third) in one of the secondary ones. Wild-type Escherichia coli was shown to possess at least four secondary att80 sites, two of which (close to the his and tolC loci) are preferred. The frequency of secondary integration of phi 80 and lambda att80 does not differ significantly in the wild-type host and in cells deleted for the primary att site (0.041 and 0.045, respectively, among surviving cells at MOI 10). Certain properties of the phi 80 lysogens make it more difficult to decode their genetic structure. PMID- 3159621 TI - [Isolation of Escherichia coli K-12 mutants that affect the development of phage phi m173 (imm phi 80)]. AB - Escherichia coli mutants which block the development of a number of lambdoid phages, particularly, phi m173 and phi 80 were selected. These mutants have different phenotypes, being resistant to different groups of lambdoid phages. There are also differences between new mutants and gro mutants of E. coli studied earlier. The results obtained support the suggestion that no replication of different lambdoid phages takes place in these mutants. PMID- 3159622 TI - Physical and genetic characterization of cloned enterobactin genomic sequences from Escherichia coli K-12. AB - We have cloned genes responsible for enterobactin synthesis (entD) and transport (fepA,fes) from Escherichia coli K-12. Relevant recombinant plasmids enabled EntD and transport-defective mutants to grow on iron-limiting medium. Subcloning and deletion analysis demonstrated that the gene order is entD-fepA-fes. Protein synthesis studies in minicells suggest that FepA is first translated as an Mr 84 000 precursor, which is subsequently cleaved to the active Mr 81 000 receptor; the fes gene product is an Mr 44 000 protein; no polypeptide has been identified as the entD gene product. PMID- 3159624 TI - [Physiological and hygienic evaluation of the training system for adolescents in an educational and industrial combine]. PMID- 3159623 TI - The nucleotide sequence of the early region of the Tupaia adenovirus DNA corresponding to the oncogenic region E1b of human adenovirus 7. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the early region E1b of the tree shrew (Tupaia) adenovirus (TAV) DNA has been determined. The sequenced region includes the genes for polypeptides of Mr 15 000, 44 000 and 13 400, which are analogous to the small and large E1b proteins and protein IX, respectively, of the three human adenovirus serotypes 5, 7, and 12. The hexanucleotide consensus signal AATAAA occurs only at the 3' terminus of the gene for protein IX suggesting that the E1 region of TAV encompasses one transcription unit. The amino acid sequences of the TAV polypeptides have a higher degree of homology to those of Ad7 and Ad5 than to those of Ad12. PMID- 3159626 TI - [Contamination and self-purification processes in the littoral zone of a seaside health resort]. PMID- 3159625 TI - [Experience in hygienic education and care of preschool children]. PMID- 3159627 TI - [Laparoscopic salpingoclasia. Comparative study of 3 methods]. PMID- 3159628 TI - [Toxicodermia of occupational etiology resulting from contact with rubber cement]. PMID- 3159629 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty]. PMID- 3159630 TI - Endometrial carcinoma: steroid receptors and response to medroxyprogesterone acetate. AB - The steroid receptor content of the primary endometrial cancer of 22 patients who were treated for recurrent or advanced disease has been measured and correlated with response to medroxyprogesterone acetate. No patient with a progesterone receptor (PR)-negative tumor responded and only 2 patients with PR-positive tumors responded, perhaps related to the low levels of PR in the tumors. It waits to be assessed whether receptor status is as good a guide to response to hormone therapy as tumor differentiation, site of recurrence, or disease-free interval. PMID- 3159631 TI - Effect of hypophysectomy on the tissue and blood plasminogen activator activity in the rat. AB - The response of the fibrinolytic system to hypophysectomy in the rat was studied. 4 and 6 weeks after hypophysectomy the tissue plasminogen activator activity (PAA) was significantly increased in the intima of the aorta, slightly but significantly increased in the renal medulla, and significantly decreased in the vessels of the testis. No change in the PAA of the caudal vena cava, heart, lung and renal cortex was noted. Also, the tissue plasmin inhibition remained unchanged. No effect on the PAA in plasma euglobulin fractions was observed, whereas F VIII was slightly but not significantly decreased 6 weeks after hypophysectomy. PMID- 3159633 TI - [Multiple seborrheic keratoses in a child aged 10 years]. PMID- 3159634 TI - Respite care and family functioning in families with retarded children. AB - In an effort to explore the relationship between the use of home-based respite care and family functioning, this study found evidence of the usefulness of respite care in maintaining family stability in certain areas. After reviewing the differences between families that used such care and those that did not, the author discusses implications for social work practice and future research. PMID- 3159632 TI - An overview of antiplatelet and antithrombotic drugs. PMID- 3159635 TI - Chalone-like inhibition of DNA synthesis in helminths. AB - Chalone-like inhibitory activity was found in extracts from tissues of Taenia crassiceps cysticercus and tissues of adult Ascaris suum. The inhibitory effects were partially species nonspecific: The extracts from T. crassiceps larvae inhibit both T. crassiceps and Mesocestoides corti larvae DNA synthesis. Extracts from A. suum, however, inhibit only T. crassiceps. Besides them, the inhibitory factor from mouse brain inhibits both T. crassiceps and M. corti DNA synthesis. When the inhibitory factor from A. suum was applied 4 times during 24-hr culture (at 6-hr intervals), the inhibitory effect was decreased. PMID- 3159636 TI - Chalone-like inhibition of DNA synthesis in Crithidia sp. (Protozoa). PMID- 3159637 TI - Effects of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) on ATPase-linked functions in isolated rat-liver mitochondria. AB - The effects of DDT on the energy-related functions of rat-liver mitochondria were examined. ADP-stimulated respiration was much more sensitive to inhibition by DDT than was uncoupler-stimulated respiration when succinate or ascorbate/TMPD was used as the substrate. Ca2+ uptake driven by ATP hydrolysis was inhibited by DDT. These results indicate that DDT inhibits ATPase itself. In addition, DDT blocked succinate dehydrogenase and the cytochrome b-c span of the electron transport chain, which also secondarily reduced ATP synthesis. The uncoupling action due to DDT was only seen at high concentrations with ascorbate/TMPD as the substrate. However, this action was masked because of the increased inhibition of the electron transport chain when the substrate was changed to succinate. PMID- 3159638 TI - [Prognosis of chronic polyarthritis. Significance of immune complex deposits in skin blood vessels]. PMID- 3159640 TI - Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy: a syndrome of severe cardiac dysfunction with remarkably few morphological features of myocardial damage. AB - A review of 76 endomyocardial biopsies and 54 autopsies of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) revealed features of hypertrophy and degenerative changes associated with long-standing hypertrophy. Long-term survivors had significantly heavier heart weights. Short-term survivors had heavier than normal right ventricular weights. No pathological findings supportive of a previous viral myocarditis, persistent slow virus infection or autoimmune process were observed. Hearts of autopsied DCM patients showed no significant difference from controls with regard to interstitial mononuclear cells. Morphometry failed to detect any difference in the fibrous tissue component between the DCM and control patients. Microscopic findings suggest that the cardiac failure of DCM is due to a potentially reversible functional abnormality. The cause of this is unknown, but the morphology suggests that future research should be directed by the premise that DCM represents a toxic-metabolic defect-deficiency state. PMID- 3159639 TI - Combined passive and active immunization for interruption of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus in Taiwan. AB - We attempted a clinical trial to interrupt transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and hepatitis Be antigen (HBsAg) positive mothers to their infants in Taiwan. Screening of 5,595 pregnant women revealed that 856 (15.3%) were HBsAg positive. Three hundred and sixty-one (42.2%) of the HBsAg positive pregnant women were HBeAg positive. Infants born to HBsAg and HBeAg positive mothers were randomized into 3 groups to receive the HBV vaccine alone or combined with hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG). HGV vaccine was given at 2, 6, and 10 weeks after birth. Group I received HBV vaccine alone while Group II received HBV vaccine in combination with HBIG at birth and group III received HBV vaccine plus HBIG at birth and again at one month old. Group IV constituted the control group when their parents refused vaccination. At 6 months of age, the HBV carrier rate was 23.7% (9/38) in Group I, 11.1% (4/36) in Group II, and 5.3% (2/38) in Group III infants. Compared with 90% of infants who became HBV carriers in the control group (Group IV), the efficacy of HBV vaccination in preventing HBV infection among these high risk infants at the 6th month was 73.7% in Group I, 87.7% in Group II, and 94.1% in Group III. The antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) positivity rate in sera of Group I, II, III infants at 6 months of age was 79.0%, 88.9% and 94.7%, respectively. These initial results indicate that combined passive and active immunization is efficacious in interrupting perinatal transmission of HBV infection. PMID- 3159641 TI - An evaluation of enzyme histochemistry in the diagnosis of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. AB - Six rhabdomyosarcomas were assessed by means of a battery of enzyme histochemical methods. The reactions were compared with those of a small number of other tumours belonging to the small-cell tumour category. Four of the rhabdomyosarcomas were positive for myophosphorylase and acetylcholinesterase. Myoblasts were strongly reactive for adenosine triphosphatase at alkaline pH and after acid pre-incubation, whereas the small undifferentiated neoplastic cell of the four alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas showed also discernible cytoplasmic reaction, but only after acid pre-incubation. Other tumour categories revealed positive staining for adenosine triphosphatase with acid pre-incubation but the degree of reaction was minimal by comparison. Other enzyme reactions were variable and, generally, did not distinguish between different tumour categories. It is concluded that enzyme histochemistry has a potential role in the diagnostic evaluation of the small cell tumour and should be included in the growing list of special techniques that may assist the pathologist confronted with this problem. PMID- 3159642 TI - Gene localisation of the PGM1 enzyme system and the Duffy blood groups on chromosome No. 1 by means of a new fragile site at 1p31. AB - During routine paternity testing an apparent maternal exclusion was suggested by the PGM1 enzyme system (mother PGM1 1, child PGM1 2) and by the Duffy system (mother Fy(a-b+), child Fy(a+b-]. To clarify these findings chromosomal analyses and anthropological investigations were carried out. The possibility that the child had been mistakenly identified after birth could be eliminated. Chromosome analysis of the child showed a fragile site on one chromosome No. 1 at 1p31, a position supposed to carry the PGM1 and the Duffy loci. Although the father of the child is unknown, paternal origin of the fragile site is unlikely on account of the coincidence of the structural aberration with the missing expression of the maternal PGM1 and Duffy alleles thought to be located at the chromosome region involved. Thus localisation of the PGM1 and Duffy loci on 1p31 seems to have been achieved in an unusual way. The two loci appear to be closely linked. PMID- 3159643 TI - Folic acid sensitive fragile sites are not limited to the human karyotype. Demonstration of nonrandom gaps and breaks in the Persian vole Ellobius lutescens Th. inducible by methotrexate, fluorodeoxyuridine, and aphidicolin. AB - At least four folic acid sensitive fragile sites have been detected in the karyotype of the Persian vole Ellobius lutescens Th. (Rodentia, Microtinae). Two such "hot spots" are located on chromosome 1 flanking the pericentric segment which is inverted in many individuals. The fragile site on 1p was observed on both homologues in one cell. Our findings suggest that fragile sites are common properties of mammalian chromatin and might have played a role in karyotype evolution. PMID- 3159645 TI - A week in 'Accollade'. PMID- 3159644 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases, T cell subsets, and sexual practices in homosexual men attending an STD clinic. AB - Sixty three homosexually active men and 42 heterosexual men answered questionnaires regarding aspects of their social life and sexual practices. Assessment of past sexually transmitted disease showed the homosexual group to have had a significantly greater incidence of syphilis, gonorrhoea, perianal warts, and cytomegalovirus infections. T cell subset counts were carried out, and results for 60 of the homosexual men and 39 of the heterosexual men showed that the homosexuals had a significantly greater mean T cell suppressor cell count (p = 0.0019). The mean T helper cell count was not significantly different between the two groups, but it was significantly more (p = 0.033) in the more promiscuous homosexuals (who had more than 20 sexual partners a year) than in the heterosexuals. No relation was found between T cell subset counts and evidence of past cytomegalovirus infection. The practice of passive anal intercourse, oroanal sex, and swallowing semen during oral sex did not appear to influence T cell subset counts in the homosexuals. PMID- 3159646 TI - Antipyrine clearance and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein levels after isotretinoin. AB - Eight male subjects aged 18-24 years were treated with 0.5 mg of isotretinoin day 1 kg-1. After 4 weeks levels of cholesterol (P less than 0.05) and triglyceride (P less than 0.05) were increased and levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were decreased (P less than 0.05). Concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (P less than 0.01) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (P less than 0.01) were higher after treatment; increased alkaline phosphatase and a reduction in bilirubin levels did not reach statistical significance. Values for thyroxine were reduced after isotretinoin and free thyroxine index was lower (P less than 0.01). Measurements of salivary clearance of antipyrine and levels of alpha 1 acid glycoprotein were lower after treatment but these differences did not reach statistical significance. The findings suggest that there is a small decrease in hepatic microsomal-enzyme activity after isotretinoin and that the unwanted effects on lipids, liver and thyroid function are unlikely to be due to hepatic microsomal-enzyme induction. PMID- 3159647 TI - A double wavelength laser Doppler system to investigate skin microcirculation. PMID- 3159648 TI - Evaluation of accessory cell heterogeneity. III. Role of dendritic cells in the in vitro activation of the antibody response to soluble antigens. AB - Dendritic cells and macrophages obtained from spleen and peritoneal exudate were tested as accessory cells for the activation of lymphokine production by T cells, for supporting T-B cooperation and for the induction of antigen-specific T helper cells. Dendritic cells as well as macrophages were able to activate T cells for interleukin-2 secretion and functioned as accessory cells in T-B cooperation, but only macrophages induced T helper cells, which cooperate with B cells by a linked recognition interaction, to soluble antigens. Dendritic cell- and antigen activated T cells also did not help B cells in the presence of Con A supernatants which contained various T cell- and B cell-stimulatory factors. The failure of dendritic cells to differentiate memory into functional T helper cells, but their efficient accessory cell function in T-B cooperation, where functional T helper cells are already present, can be best explained by a differential accessory cell requirement for T helper cell activation dependent on the differentiation stage of the T helper cell. PMID- 3159651 TI - The in vitro immunoregulatory properties of cultured murine trophoblast are not unique to this tissue. AB - Primary cultures of murine trophoblast (ectoplacental cone and mid-term placenta) and their supernatants were found to inhibit in vitro lymphocyte proliferative responses to concanavalin A (77-87%) and allo-antigen (52-84%). However, cultures and cell-conditioned media from non-trophoblastic tissues (embryonic sac, adult lung and liver, and B16 melanoma line) produced similar results. In all cases, the inhibitory effects were not due to reduced cell viability. Addition of anti progesterone serum to the ectoplacental cone-lymphocyte co-cultures, at a concentration known to bind the available trophoblast-derived progesterone, did not overcome the observed suppression. The results clearly demonstrate that a range of cultured cell types, and their conditioned media, will suppress immune responses in vitro. We conclude that cultured trophoblast is not an appropriate model for studies of placental immunoregulation. PMID- 3159650 TI - Inhibition of the anti-receptor antibody response of contact sensitivity by interferon. AB - Mice sensitized with optimal doses of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) develop maximum delayed hypersensitivity in 4-5 days; the intensity of this reaction declines rapidly 14 days after sensitization. In the serum of mice 14 days after sensitization, an anti-receptor antibody has been described. It has been suggested that this antibody might be responsible for this rapid decline of contact sensitivity. We studied the effect of interferon alpha, beta (IFN alpha, beta) and cyclophosphamide (Cy) in this model. IFN alpha, beta (2 X 10(4) units/ mouse) or Cy (200 mg/kg) injected at Days 0 and 1 during sensitization, or at Day -2 before sensitization, respectively, partially prevented the decline of contact sensitivity as compared to the controls. In the serum of mice treated with IFN or Cy, no anti-receptor antibody could be detected 14 days after sensitization. These results suggest that anti-receptor antibody may be partially responsible for the waning of contact sensitivity. It is further suggested that IFN inhibited the anti-receptor antibody response by preventing the generation of the anti receptor-antibody-inducing auxiliar T-suppressor cell. It is concluded that IFN alpha, beta enhances the delayed hypersensitivity response in contact allergy by inhibition of the T-suppressor circuit, as previously reported, and by suppression of the anti-receptor antibody response. PMID- 3159649 TI - Application of molecular cloning to studies on the complement system. AB - The isolation of cDNA and, in certain cases, genomic clones has been reported for the following complement proteins: C1q, C2, C3, C4, C5, C9, and factor B, C4b binding protein and C1-inhibitor. The availability of cloned DNA has allowed rapid advances to be made in the understanding of the structure (from the derived amino acid sequences), function, biosynthesis and genetics of these proteins. This is most strongly illustrated from recent studies on the C2, factor B and C4 genes, which code for the class III molecules of the major histocompatibility complex, especially as certain allelic forms of these genes may be associated with disease susceptibility. PMID- 3159652 TI - The sheep analogue of leucocyte common antigen (LCA). AB - The tissue distribution and immunochemical properties of antigens recognized by two monoclonal antibodies 1.11.32 and 1.28.124 define the sheep analogue of the leucocyte common antigen found in rat, man and mouse. Histological and immunofluorescent studies show that this antigen is found on all lymphocytes, as well as other leucocytes but is absent from non-leucocytic cells. Immunochemical data show that a series of proteins of high molecular weight (190,000-225,000) are recognized, and histological studies show the presence of this antigen on a subpopulation of fetal liver cells as early as Day 27-30 of gestation, and on all fetal thymocytes from Day 40 of gestation. PMID- 3159654 TI - [Androgens and SHBG in women with late-appearing or persistent acne]. PMID- 3159653 TI - Number and affinity of receptors for IgE on enriched populations of isolated rat intestinal mast cells. AB - Recently, particular attention has been paid to a unique subpopulation of mast cells located in the intestinal mucosa of rodents and man (Befus et al., 1982a, b; Strobel, Busuttil & Ferguson, 1983; Ruitenberg et al., 1982). These cells, presently referred to as mucosal mast cells (MMC), are morphologically, histochemically and functionally distinct from the more extensively studied connective tissue mast cells (Befus et al. 1982b; Pearce et al., 1982). Our ability to characterize the MMC more fully has been markedly enhanced by the development of techniques to enrich populations of this cell to purities of over 60% (mean 65.6 +/- 5.2%) using density centrifugation over discontinuous Percoll gradients. In this communication, we report the results of our studies to determine the number and affinity characteristics of IgG Fc (Fc epsilon) receptors on enriched MMC isolated from the intestine of rats with parasite induced mast cell hyperplasia. PMID- 3159656 TI - Cyclosporin enhances diabetes induced by low-dose streptozotocin treatment in mice. AB - This study concerns the effect of a 12-day cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment (50 mg per kg per day) on "autoimmune" diabetes induced by 5 low doses (40 mg per kg per day) of streptozotocin (SZ). The SZ-treatment period was initiated 4 days after initial administration of CsA. In young (45-day) CD-1 male mice, CsA enhanced hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia and beta-cell destruction following a multiple low dosage SZ. Moreover, CsA did not prevent development of insulitis induced concomitantly by SZ. Similarly, CsA enhanced the "toxic" diabetes produced by a single high dose (160 mg/kg) of SZ. Furthermore, in the absence of SZ, CsA alone induced glucose intolerance, associated with beta-cell degranulation and high pancreatic CsA content. The enhancement of SZ-induced diabetes by CsA may thus be due to toxicity of the immunosuppressive agent for pancreatic beta cells. This side effect is noteworthy because CsA is currently being used in the therapy of human insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 3159655 TI - The activation of T cells with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (SAC). AB - We reported our findings on the activation and functional capacity of human T cells stimulated by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (SAC). Serial determinations of surface markers on T cells stimulated by SAC showed that OKT4+ T cells remained relatively constant with the decrease of OKT8+ T cells and that Tac antigen was predominantly expressed on OKT4+ T cells. When the mixture of OKT4+-depleted T cells and OKT8+-depleted PBL was stimulated with SAC or PWM, PWM-stimulated OKT4+ depleted T cells suppressed immunoglobulin production by OKT8+-depleted PBL in a dose-dependent fashion, but SAC-stimulated OKT4+-depleted T cells did not show suppressive activity. PMID- 3159657 TI - Autorosette formation in humans: study of the specificity of the T cell receptors for autologous erythrocytes. AB - Spontaneous autorosette formation has been described as being restricted to a subpopulation of the circulating helper/inducer T cell subset. In order to study the specificity of the binding between human lymphocytes and autologous red blood cells (auto-RBC), we have investigated the relationship between autorosette forming cells (auto-RFC) and rosettes formed with allogeneic (allo-) or xenogeneic (xeno-) RBC. Using a mixed rosette assay in which the origin of the erythrocytes was assessed by the FITC labeling of one type of erythrocyte, we have shown that auto-RFC and allo-RFC belong to the same T cell subset, and that the T cells which rosette with auto-RBC can also bind xenogeneic (pig, sheep, rabbit) RBC, although a disparate incidence of rosettes is found depending upon the origin of the erythrocytes. Whether T lymphocytes co-expressed distinct receptors for RBC of different species was then investigated. Preincubation of lymphocytes with monoclonal antibody OKT11A (directed against the T cell receptors for sheep RBC) completely abrogated rosette formation with auto- or allo-RBC, indicating that auto- and allo-RBC interact with the lymphocytes by their receptors for sheep RBC. Therefore, the auto-RFC may represent T lymphocytes having high affinity receptors for sheep RBC. PMID- 3159658 TI - Study on the effect of calf thymic peptides preparation (TP) on human B lymphocytes. AB - Extensive experimental evidence has shown that thymic hormones (or factors) affect and regulate the differentiation and function of T lymphocytes. However, little is known about the action, if any, of thymic hormones on B lymphocytes. This paper reports the results of an investigation of the effect of a calf thymic peptide preparation (TP) prepared in our laboratory, on the proliferation and differentiation of human B lymphocytes. TP at concentrations higher than 1 micrograms (protein)/ml inhibited the proliferative responses of human B lymphocytes to the stimulation by Staphylococcus aureus Cowen strain I (SAC) and F(ab')2 fragments of goat anti-human IgM, mu chain specific antibody (anti-mu). TP itself had neither toxic nor mitogenic effect on B cells. TP at concentrations of 60 and 100 micrograms/ml did not affect the differentiation of B cells driven by SAC and PWM in a reverse PFC assay, but appeared to suppress the production in some individuals of total IgG and IgM in culture supernatants in a PWM system. Preculture of B cells with 60 micrograms/ml of TP for 40 hrs showed a suppression of the proliferative response to SAC and anti-mu stimulation, suggesting that TP might act on cells directly and persistently for some time. When TP was added to the culture on day 0 or on day 1, a similar decrease of inhibition of B cell proliferation was observed. A decrease in monocytes from 15-17% to 5% did not appreciably influence the suppression of SAC- or anti-mu-induced proliferation of B cells by TP. These preliminary results suggest that a calf thymic peptides preparation might have some direct effect on B lymphocytes. PMID- 3159659 TI - A disquisition on the energetics of immunoglobulin binding to receptors in vivo and in vitro. AB - The binding constant of Fc-moieties of IgG and their receptors (R), derived via the law of mass action, yields values that are of the order of 10(6) to 10(8) L/M. In circulating blood, phagocytic R must be bound rather strongly to IgG, which is normally present in high concentrations, so that it is unlikely that Fc R mediated interactions between rather sparse sensitized particles and phagocytes take place to any significant degree in the blood stream. However, in the spleen, where Fc-R mediated interactions do play a more important role, the situation is different, due to: a) an increased cell concentration; b) a decreased relative IgG concentration; c) a locally very high macrophage concentration, with large numbers of R per cell. It can be shown that these changed conditions in the spleen cause a shift in the equilibrium of the Fc-R interaction in favor of sensitized particle Fc-R binding, with diminished involvement of freely circulating IgG. The law of mass action can also be used to predict the degree of washing of phagocytic cells needed to remove bound immunoglobulin. Conversely, measurement of the concentrations of free and bound immunoglobulin at different dilutions allows the determination of Ka as well as of the number of R per cell. PMID- 3159660 TI - Short term effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on the rat intestinal digestive & absorptive functions. PMID- 3159661 TI - Lysosomal enzymes in experimental focal ischaemia in primates. PMID- 3159662 TI - Modification of certain inflammation-induced biochemical changes by curcumin. PMID- 3159663 TI - Rat atrial natriuretic peptides inhibit oxygen consumption by rat kidney. AB - The inhibitory effect of high and low molecular weight native and synthetic rat atrial peptides on oxygen consumption in isolated rat kidney mitochondria and slices was measured. Oxygen consumption by mitochondria was measured in the presence of succinate and/or adenosine diphosphate, furosemide, and low and high molecular weight native and synthetic rat atrial peptides. After the addition of succinate, adenosine diphosphate limiting respiration (State 4) increased in the presence of low, but not high, molecular weight native rat atrial peptides. Furosemide caused a significant decrease in State 4 respiration (p less than 0.001). Angiotensin II and arginine vasopressin did not alter State 4 respiration. The rate of oxygen consumption after the addition of saturating adenosine diphosphate in the presence of saturating succinate (State 3 respiration) was reduced by low and high molecular weight native rat atrial peptides. Furosemide completely blocked oxygen consumption after the addition of adenosine diphosphate. Oxygen consumption was unchanged by trypsin treated (natriuretically inactive) low molecular weight rat atrial peptides and ventricular protein extracts of high and low molecular weight native rat atrial peptides. Synthetic and low molecular weight native rat atrial peptides had similar effects on mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Low molecular weight native and synthetic rat atrial peptides decreased the adenosine diphosphate to oxygen ratio, and these peptides, as well as furosemide, also induced mitochondrial swelling; none of the other rat atrial peptide combinations nor angiotensin II produced this effect. In kidney slices, basal oxygen consumption (without substrates) was stimulated by succinate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159664 TI - Prevention of coronary vasodilator reserve decrement in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) demonstrate an elevated minimal coronary vascular resistance by the seventh month of age. In an attempt to determine the role of long-standing hypertension in the etiological process of the elevated minimal coronary vascular resistance, we treated SHR and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) with the vasodilator hydralazine from the time of weaning (1 month) until they were 7 to 8 months of age. The animals were instrumented 24 hours after their last drug dose and then studied on the following day. Using microspheres we measured myocardial perfusion in conscious rats at rest and during maximal coronary dilation induced with dipyridamole infusion. Hydralazine maintained arterial blood pressures in the normotensive range throughout the experimental period, but had little effect on left ventricular weight/body weight ratios (control SHR = 2.95 +/- 0.07, treated SHR = 2.73 +/- 0.08, control WKY = 2.39 +/- 0.09, mean +/- SEM). In treated SHR, left ventricular minimal coronary vascular resistance (per 100 g of tissue) was markedly lower (0.10 +/- 0.01) than in the controls (0.16 +/- 0.01) and not significantly different from that of WKY (0.11 +/- 0.01). Similar differences were noted in the nonhypertrophic right ventricle (treated SHR = 0.08 +/- 0.01, control SHR = 0.16 +/- 0.01, control WKY = 0.10 +/- 0.01). Total minimal coronary vascular resistance was also lower in both ventricles of the treated SHR compared with their nontreated controls. In WKY, hydralazine treatment significantly reduced blood pressure and total minimal coronary vascular resistance (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159666 TI - Health care is "corporatized"--but it still exists for society. PMID- 3159665 TI - Cardiac contractile and coronary flow reserves in deoxycorticosterone acetate salt hypertensive rats. AB - Cardiac contractility and coronary flow were compared in conscious rats with established deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension and in those with sham treatment. The hypertensive rats showed a 32% increase in left ventricular/body weight ratio at 9 weeks of treatment and 42% at 18 weeks of treatment. Resting peak rate of change of pressure (dp/dt) was unchanged at 9 weeks and increased at 18 weeks in hypertensive rats, while isoproterenol-stimulated maximal, propranolol-induced minimal, and Ca2+-stimulated maximal peak dp/dt were greater at 18 weeks. These data indicate the preservation of contractile function. At 18 weeks, the beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated contractile reserve, estimated from isoproterenol-stimulated maximal and resting peak dp/dt, was reduced but the propranolol-induced decrease in peak dp/dt was increased in hypertensive rats compared with sham-treated rats. Thus, at this stage, a greater portion of the total contractile capacity appeared to be mobilized with prolongation of hypertension and progression of left ventricular hypertrophy. No differences were observed in left ventricular and right ventricular coronary flow (microspheres) and left ventricular inner/outer flow ratio at rest and with dipyridamole-induced maximal coronary dilatation, at 9 and 18 weeks. There were no alterations in left or right ventricular coronary flow reserves, as estimated from resting and dipyridamole-induced values. The minimal coronary vascular resistance (normalized for gram of tissue) of both the left and right ventricles was increased at either stage, which suggests the occurrence of structural coronary vascular changes. Thus, basal coronary flow and a coronary flow reserve were uncompromised despite evidence of structural coronary vascular alterations in these hypertensive rats. PMID- 3159667 TI - The dilemma between competition and community service. AB - In this updated speech originally presented before the California Hospital Association, the author suggests that hospitals exist under an evolving social contract, originally between a hospital and its community but more recently between hospitals and the federal government, to ensure that health care services are provided to those who need them, regardless of ability to pay. Although the current competitive climate may not favor patients who cannot pay, he points out that the pendulum is likely to swing back to support the original terms of the social contract between providers and patients. He concludes that the most competitive stance that hospitals can now adopt is to provide services to those who need them. Full hospitals, he notes, rarely close. PMID- 3159668 TI - Health capital policy in the United States: a strategic perspective. AB - Health capital policy is strategically important not only because of the long term nature of capital commitments but also because capital requirements often drive institutional behavior far out of proportion to dollars expended. The authors offer a framework for analyzing U.S. health capital policy, much of which is indirect and not always understood to be health capital policy. They emphasize the complex interaction between capital policy and health system configuration and performance, and highlight the long-term effects of current capital policy. They conclude with a likely configuration of the future U.S. health care system and with a discussion of the strategic role of capital policy in creating that future. PMID- 3159669 TI - Questioning assumptions about preferred provider arrangements. AB - The parties in any negotiation to contract for health care services delivered by a preferred provider organization (PPO) represent often divergent views and priorities. The assumptions of each participant in a PPO contracting process need to be thoroughly understood because of their impact on the subsequent business of providing, consuming, and paying for medical services. This article discusses 11 of the most common assumptions about PPOs made by providers, insurers, and purchasers. These assumptions have not been borne out to date by the experience of current PPOs and other alternative health care delivery systems. PMID- 3159670 TI - Is compression occurring in DRG prices? AB - Many analysts believe that the prices of truly high cost DRGs are set low relative to their actual costs whereas the prices of truly low cost DRGs are set high relative to their costs. To test whether such "compression" is occurring, I examined the algorithm that the Health Care Financing Administration used to create its DRG pricing structure. I then compared the HCFA algorithm with the more refined weighting systems used by Maryland and New Jersey to create their DRG payment systems. I found that compression is indeed occurring in the Medicare system relative to both the New Jersey and the Maryland systems. This compression will assume special urgency for some hospitals when the standardized national DRG payment system is phased in or if stringent limits are placed on the overall rate of increase in DRGs. PMID- 3159671 TI - The competitive effects of HMOs: a review of the evidence. AB - Despite the major methodological strides that have been made in the study of the competitive impact of HMOs and the considerable information gained from case studies, the formulation of substantive conclusions relating to HMO market penetration is in its infancy. In this review of recent studies of the competitive impact of HMOs, which concentrates on the econometric evidence, the authors found several anomalies concerning HMO impact in the market for hospital services, and make suggestions for methodological improvements. They introduce the notion of the role of employers in the insurance purchase decision as a key element in developing a complete model of health plan choice. They conclude with a proposal for a research agenda for studying the growing impact of HMOs on traditional health care coverage. PMID- 3159672 TI - Nursing home case-mix differences between Medicare and non-Medicare and between hospital-based and freestanding patients. AB - Case-mix differences between Medicare and non-Medicare nursing home patients and between hospital-based and freestanding nursing home patients were assessed for a sample of 756 patients from 26 nursing homes in six states in 1983. Significant differences were found between Medicare and non-Medicare patients and between hospital-based and freestanding nursing home patients. Thus, two attributes, the percentage of Medicare patient days and whether a nursing home is hospital-based or freestanding, probably should be taken into consideration as facility-level case-mix indicators in determining Medicare reimbursement until a more refined approach to case-mix reimbursement can be developed. Hospital-based/freestanding case-mix differences also suggest that Medicaid reimbursement should recognize potential differences in cost structure between these two types of facilities. PMID- 3159673 TI - A multidimensional analysis of the impact of high-cost hospitalization. AB - In this update of a study of high-cost illness, we analyzed data on 1,455,766 discharges from 167 short-term general hospitals that participated in the Professional Activity Study of the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities. Our results suggest that high-cost hospitalization can be characterized broadly by two groups: the single costly hospital episode and the multiple-admission pattern. We propose a theoretical framework to analyze high cost hospitalization in terms of three dimensions: the magnitude of expenditures, the scope of high-cost illness within the cohort, and the scale of high-cost hospitalization within the population at large. PMID- 3159674 TI - The extent of ownership and the characteristics of Medicare supplemental policies. AB - Whether Medicare beneficiaries own private health insurance to supplement Medicare, and the characteristics of the policies they do own, are of interest both to public policy makers and to insurers. In this analysis of responses to a random survey of Medicare beneficiaries and of copies of the private insurance policies owned by these beneficiaries, the following variables were found to be important determinants of policy ownership: income, education, race, and self perceived health status. It was also found that although most policies provide comprehensive coverage for Medicare copayments, few provide coverage for the many services and products needed by the elderly that are not covered by Medicare. PMID- 3159675 TI - The costs of membership aging in a Blue Cross and Blue Shield plan. AB - One explanation for the tremendous increases in health care costs over the last several years is that an increasingly older population is using a more intense and complex mix of health care services with increased frequency. In this study of Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Michigan membership during the period 1977-1982, age adjustment cost indices were used to quantify the benefit payments attributable to the changes in the average age of the membership during that period. The more thorough understanding of the components of health care cost increases made possible through this method of analysis should promote improved premium arrangements and health care delivery configurations. PMID- 3159676 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to outer membrane antigens of Vibrio cholerae. AB - Hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibodies were prepared against outer membrane antigens of four strains of Vibrio cholerae that were cultivated under iron limited conditions, and these antibodies were partially characterized. We established a library of 66 hybridomas which produced monoclonal antibodies defining 16 different V. cholerae antigens. Two antigens (molecular weights, 18,000 and 112,000) were heat modifiable, whereas the reacting epitope of a third antigen (40,000-dalton-18,000-dalton doublet) was completely destroyed when it was heated at 100 degrees C. The 112,000-dalton heat-modifiable protein was an iron-regulated outer membrane protein. This protein bound 59Fe in vitro when it was combined with the V. cholerae siderophore-iron complex 59Fe-vibriobactin; it was also found in in vivo grown V. cholerae, as were three other antigens. A total of 26 hybridomas produced antibody to V. cholerae lipopolysaccharide. Of these, 12 were cross-reactive with lipopolysaccharides of other gram-negative bacteria, including 2 which recognized lipid A. Several of these anti lipopolysaccharide monoclonal antibodies appeared to be lipopolysaccharide region specific. Some membrane antigens were strain specific, whereas others were common to both O group 1 and non-O group 1 vibrios. PMID- 3159677 TI - Effects of siderophores on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in human serum and transferrin. AB - A combination of the siderophores produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pyochelin and pyoverdin, dramatically stimulates the growth of this bacterium in medium containing human transferrin. The amount of growth stimulation observed when each siderophore was added alone was only slightly less than the amount observed with the combination. Siderophore-defective mutants of strain PAO1 were isolated to test the effects of siderophore production on growth in transferrin and human serum. The pyoverdin-proficient (Pvd+), pyochelin-deficient (Pch-) strain (IA5) grows just as well as the parent (PAO1), which produces both siderophores. On the other hand, the Pvd- Pch+ strain (211-5) has severely retarded growth, similar to that demonstrated by a mutant lacking production of both siderophores (IA1), but has an accelerated log phase compared with strain IA1 at the later stages of the growth curve. However, the Pvd- Pch+ strain (211-5) had no observable advantage over the Pvd- Pch- strain, IA1, during incubation in human serum. The inability of P. aeruginosa strains to produce pyochelin in glucose-minimal medium may explain the poor growth of 211-5 in this medium and in human serum. The 211-5 strain grows much better than the IA1 strain in the medium that allows pyochelin synthesis, but it still does not grow as well as the Pvd+ Pch- strain (IA5). Therefore, pyoverdin appears to be the most important siderophore for growth in human serum. PMID- 3159678 TI - Nonspecific lymphocyte responses in F344 and LEW rats: susceptibility to murine respiratory mycoplasmosis and examination of cellular basis for strain differences. AB - Mycoplasma pulmonis produces a mitogen which may play a role in the pathogenesis of murine respiratory mycoplasmosis in rats. Since LEW rats are more susceptible to this disease than F344 rats are, these two strains were used to examine a possible association between disease severity and the level of nonspecific lymphocyte stimulation by mitogens, including M. pulmonis membrane preparations. F344 and LEW spleen, lung, blood, and lymph node lymphocytes were exposed to various mitogens. LEW lymphocytes gave a significantly higher response to mitogenic stimulation, regardless of their anatomical source. These differences in lymphocyte responsiveness were primarily due to differences within the nonadherent cell population. Significantly higher numbers of W3/25+ (T helper) cells were found in LEW lymphoid populations, whereas no difference was found in MRC OX-8+ (T suppressor/cytotoxic) cells. These data suggest an association between disease severity and host responsiveness to nonspecific stimuli. PMID- 3159680 TI - Synthesis of aerobactin and a 76,000-dalton iron-regulated outer membrane protein by Escherichia coli K-12-Shigella flexneri hybrids and by enteroinvasive strains of Escherichia coli. AB - One of the chromosomal segments associated with the virulence of Shigella flexneri and transferred to Escherichia coli K-12 by conjugation has been shown to code for the production of aerobactin and for the synthesis of an iron regulated 76,000-dalton (76K) outer membrane protein. Analysis of various E. coli K-12-S. flexneri transconjugants showed that the genes involved with the synthesis of aerobactin and with the production of the 76K protein were linked to the mtl region of the S. flexneri chromosome. S. flexneri itself synthesized a 76K protein in its outer membrane under iron restriction as well as traces of 81K and 74K proteins. An examination of four enteroinvasive strains of E. coli showed that each produced aerobactin and a 76K outer membrane protein during iron restricted growth. The profile of the iron-regulated proteins expressed by the enteroinvasive strains of E. coli was virtually identical to that expressed by the laboratory-constructed E. coli K-12-S. flexneri hybrids under the same growth conditions. PMID- 3159681 TI - Comparative aspects of mast cell heterogeneity in different species and sites. PMID- 3159679 TI - Antimicrobial activities of dialysate-elicited and resident human peritoneal macrophages. AB - Recent studies of the antimicrobial capacity of peritoneal macrophages (PM phi) isolated from patients undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis have raised the question of whether these cells might be analogous to stimulated or activated murine PM phi. To explore this possibility, we compared PM phi from these patients (dialysate-elicited PM phi) with PM phi obtained from women undergoing laparoscopy (resident PM phi) in several in vitro assays of phagocyte function. Although bacterial phagocytosis by cells from both groups of donors was similar, significant differences were found in their chemiluminescence responses to opsonized zymosan. Although the mean peak luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence response of dialysate-elicited PM phi was 4.7 X 10(5) cpm, that of resident PM phi was only 1.3 X 10(5) cpm (P less than 0.05). In a lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence assay, dialysate-elicited PM phi again generated significantly greater chemiluminescence than did resident PM phi, suggesting that dialysate elicited PM phi have a relatively increased capacity for O2- production. Using a fluorochrome microassay to assess the intracellular candidicidal activities of these cells, we found that dialysate-elicited PM phi killed 17% of cell associated blastospores compared with only 1.5% killing by resident PM phi (P less than 0.05). These investigations led us to conclude that results of studies of the functional activity of dialysate-elicited PM phi cannot necessarily be extrapolated to resident PM phi and that dialysate-elicited PM phi do in some respects behave as stimulated or activated cells. PMID- 3159682 TI - Characterization of the low-affinity receptor for IgE on murine B cells by using membrane impermeant cross-linking reagents. AB - The murine B lymphocyte receptor for the Fc portion of IgE (Fc epsilon R) was further characterized by using the membrane impermeable cross-linking reagents 3,3'-dithiobis-(sulfosuccinimidyl) proprionate (DTSSP) and bis (sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate (BS3). IgE could be cross-linked to the Fc epsilon R on the intact cells with either reagent and, in addition, up to 10% of the B cell surface immunoglobulin (sIg; both IgM and IgD) was also found to cross-link to the IgE/Fc epsilon R complex. Analysis of isolated sIg/IgE/Fc epsilon R complexes indicated that about 60% of the Fc epsilon molecules were becoming cross-linked to sIg. Thus, the data suggest that on the intact murine B cell the Fc epsilon R is frequently in close association with sIg. The murine B cell Fc epsilon R was also examined for the presence of receptor-associated proteins that are buried in the membrane. Advantage was taken of the membrane-impermeant nature of DTSSP and BS3. IgE was cross-linked to the Fc epsilon R on intact cells by using the disulfide-cleavable DTSSP and following solubilization with nonionic detergent; BS3 was used to cross-link possible internal membrane components to the Fc epsilon R. In these experiments, the high-affinity Fc epsilon R on rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells could be cross-linked to a nonreducible high molecular weight complex of 100 kilodaltons. However, when intact murine B cells were treated with DTSSP, solubilized and treated with BS3 in the same manner as indicated above, no evidence was found for the presence of membrane-buried receptor-associated proteins with the B cell Fc epsilon R. Thus, these data further support the concept that there may be little relationship between the high-affinity mast cell/basophil Fc epsilon R and the low-affinity lymphocyte Fc epsilon R. PMID- 3159683 TI - Secretion of IgE-specific potentiating factors by human Fc epsilon R+ T cell lines. AB - In the present study, Fc epsilon R+ and Fc epsilon R- T cells were isolated from patients with the hyper-IgE syndrome and maintained in long-term cultures with interleukin 2. Supernatants from the Fc epsilon R+ but not from the Fc epsilon R- T cell lines enhanced IgE but not IgG synthesis in B cells derived from patients with allergic rhinitis. There was, however, no induction of IgE synthesis in B cells from nonatopic donors. The IgE-potentiating factors bound to IgE-Sepharose but not to IgG-Sepharose. The target B cells for these IgE binding factors appear to be preactivated IgE-bearing B cells. PMID- 3159684 TI - Cyclosporin A induced suppression of ongoing IgE antibody formation in the mouse. PMID- 3159685 TI - Cytophilic IgE on human blood and tissue eosinophils. AB - Flow microfluorometry (FMF) was used to investigate the presence of cytophilic Ig (IgE or IgG) and the proportion of Fc receptor (Fc epsilon R or Fc gamma R) bearing eosinophils among eosinophils from 21 hypereosinophilic patients. In 75% of the cases, it was possible to detect cytophilic IgE, significantly associated with serum IgE levels. Moreover, when lung and blood eosinophils were compared, the proportion of occupied Fc epsilon R was significantly increased on lung eosinophils, whereas very few cells had cytophilic IgG. This work provides further evidence that cytophilic IgE is not restricted to cells with high affinity Fc epsilon R but can also be detected on the cell populations with low affinity IgE receptors. These findings support the view that eosinophils can act as effector cells in immediate hypersensitivity reactions and in diseases associated with increased IgE production and hypereosinophilia. PMID- 3159686 TI - IgE Fc receptor positive T, B and NK cells in patients with the hyper-IgE syndrome. AB - Patients with the hyper-IgE syndrome have greatly elevated percentages of IgE Fc receptor (Fc epsilon R)-positive B cells, but they have less than 0.1% Fc epsilon R+ T cells (T epsilon cells) and few, if any, Fc epsilon R+ natural killer cells. They also have markedly decreased numbers of IgG receptor positive (Fc gamma R+) T cells (T gamma cells). Patients with the hyper-IgE syndrome resemble in this respect patients with severe atopic dermatitis. Since a portion of T epsilon and T gamma cells of mildly atopic patients react with monoclonal antibody OKT8, they may have a suppressor function. However, whether the low number of T epsilon cells is responsible for the high IgE serum level in hyper-IgE syndrome and atopic dermatitis patients remains to be demonstrated. Attempts to obtain a reliable assay for human IgE synthesis in vitro to investigate the function of Fc epsilon R-positive lymphocytes proved to be difficult. Even isolated B cells from atopic donors seldom produced more than twice the quantity of IgE released from cells incubated in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. PMID- 3159687 TI - Persistent IgE-secreting cells which are refractory to T-cell control. AB - High IgE-responder rats and mice manifesting 'persistent' IgE responses following parenteral immunization, were shown to contain x-irradiation resistant and T suppressor cell resistant IgE-secreting cells. Employing the ELISA-plaque technique, these cells were shown to be localized in the bone marrow and the lymph nodes draining the original site of antigenic challenge. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the results of recent studies on in vitro regulation of IgE synthesis by human cells. PMID- 3159688 TI - New developments in immunopathology with special reference to complement and immune complexes. AB - The last few years have seen rapid advances in our understanding of immune phenomena, and these are now being translated into a new understanding of immunopathology. This paper reviews a number of areas where important new knowledge has been gained in the area of complement and immune complexes as a cause of disease. An understanding of the role of the metabolism of complement proteins has led to an understanding of how these proteins interact with receptors to cause phagocytosis. New understanding of the lysis-producing steps has led to new diagnostic tests for complement-induced damage as well as new knowledge of how complement functions to kill microorganisms. New methods for purifying anaphylatoxins have made these proteins available for study in man. A model of serum sickness in man has allowed for the more detailed understanding of how immune complexes cause disease and has led to the appreciation of new clinical signs of immune-complex-mediated disease in man. PMID- 3159689 TI - The usefulness of radioreceptor assay and gas liquid chromatography in pharmacokinetic studies on midazolam. AB - The usefulness of radioreceptor assay (RRA) in the pharmacokinetic studies on midazolam - the first benzodiazepine with water-soluble salts - was compared with that of gas liquid chromatography (GLC) in 18 patients operated on under local anesthesia in supine position. There were no significant differences observed in the serum levels determined with these two methods after a single i.v. injection of midazolam 0.075 mg/kg although considerable variability was manifest. Similarly, the pharmacokinetic parameters did not differ from each other in view of the concentrations determined by RRA or GLC. The pharmacokinetics of midazolam were compared in three patient groups on the basis of the GLC determined concentrations: a) in pregnant patients operated on at term under epidural analgesia (group 1, n = 6), b) in nonpregnant women operated on under epidural analgesia (group 2, n = 6), and c) in 3 male and female subjects operated on under brachial plexus blockade (group 3). The total serum clearance, the most important pharmacokinetic parameter, was highest in group 1 patients and lowest in group 3. However, these significant differences were not reflected so clearly in the elimination half-life of midazolam. There were no differences in tissue distribution (Vd alpha, Vd beta) between the three patient groups. A highly significant correlation was observed between the serum concentrations and sedative effects of midazolam. Midazolam is a short-acting sedative-anxiolytic agent with a rapid onset of action especially useful for patients operated on under local anesthesia. Apparently, the pharmacokinetic differences observed in this study are of no great clinical significance in single dose administration. PMID- 3159690 TI - Cyclosporin A inhibits helper/inducer surface antigen expression on activated human lymphocytes. AB - Helper/inducer (H/I) and cytotoxic/suppressor (C/S) subpopulations of human peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (PBL) were cultured with Concanavalin A (Con A) and Cyclosporin A (CsA) to determine effects on proliferation and surface marker expression. After 72 h in culture, CsA strongly inhibited Con A induced proliferation of H/I and C/S subpopulations in a manner similar to that observed for whole PBL. By flow cytometric analysis, enhanced expression of both the Leu 2a (C/S) and Leu-3a (H/I) surface markers was observed on PBL from con A treated cultures. Addition of CsA to these cultures inhibited the enhanced expression of Leu-3a more than that of Leu-2a. Studies showed that this CsA inhibition of enhanced Leu-3 antigen expression occurred in a concentration dependent manner, was statistically significant throughout a 4 day culture period and did not require addition of C/S cells to mediate the effect. The data suggest that CsA blocks Con A induced blastogenesis at an early stage of activation. PMID- 3159693 TI - Selective inhibition of the in vitro murine B lymphocyte response by pentamidine. AB - A study was undertaken on the immunomodulating properties of pentamidine, a diamidine used in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis, pneumocystosis and leishmaniasis. Pentamidine inhibited the ability of mouse splenic lymphocytes to respond to mitogens. In particular inhibition of the B lymphocyte response was observed. At concentrations of 1 microgram/ml (1.7 x 10(-6) M), pentamidine markedly inhibited the response to the B cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while concentrations of 10 micrograms/ml had to be attained to produce a similar effect on the response to the T cell mitogens phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (ConA). Further studies showed that pentamidine was not toxic to either resting or proliferating cells and probably acts by interacting directly with B cells rather than modifying the regulatory cell populations. PMID- 3159694 TI - The Canterbury studies of disablement in the community: prevalence, needs and attitudes. AB - The Health Services Research Unit at the University of Kent at Canterbury was set up in 1971, with financial support from the Central Government's Department of Health and Social Security. One area of major concern has been the study of the number and needs of disabled people living at home and of services provided to meet those needs. In a City-wide survey of the whole population, it was found that about 5 per cent of the people living at home had significant impairments, about half of whom had or required some support. Registers of disabled people and records of services helping them were found to be an inadequate source of data for estimating total numbers and needs. A separate study validated the broad clinical information given by the respondents. The original population of impaired people were revisited years after the first survey. 13 per cent had died, mortality being highest among those with the severer degrees of dependency; 25 per cent had had at least one episode of serious illness; and 61 per cent reported more difficulties overall than they had in the initial survey. Although 75 per cent of the needs expressed in the initial survey had been met or ameliorated. Other studies have examined means of detecting visual disability, the value of domiciliary physiotherapy, and occupational therapy and the need for special dental services for some disabled people. Inevitably some biases are introduced into the design of population-wide surveys of disabled people. Important among these are the definitions used of 'impairment', 'disability' and 'handicap'; the orientation of the questions asked (which tend define 'need' in terms of the perceptions of the provider of services rather than of the disabled person); and, in the measures used to quantify the data collected. Further areas of research needed are discussed at the end of the paper. PMID- 3159696 TI - A study of group-self identification among the disabled in Nigeria: a case for support groups. AB - A study was conducted to examine the nature of the relationship between the self and attitude toward disability groups and normal subjects. The collection of data was from persons of various disability groups including emotionally disturbed, multiply-handicapped, stroke patients, paraplegics, amputees and old polio patients and normal individuals. Attitude was measured by the semantic differential scale and the social distance scale. The results showed that each disabled group with the exception of the emotionally disturbed rated its own group more favourably than any other group. Attitudes of the various disability groups were compared to those of the normal subjects making use of a series of analyses of variance. On both measuring scales there were significant differences (P less than or equal to 0.05) for all the disability groups except the emotionally disturbed group. Correlation between self-evaluation of persons with similar disability were statistically significant. Again the exception was the emotionally disturbed. Support groups are being advocated. They may be an effective strategy in dealing with stigma, prejudice, social rejection and social network problems among subjects with visible disability. PMID- 3159695 TI - Research on a psychomotor program for children with severe motor or multiple disabilities. AB - This report deals with help for brain-injured children with severe motor or multiple disabilities. It is argued that these children lack experiences due to their motor-disabilities. On the basis of an analysis of psychomotor programs the program by Le Gay Brereton was chosen for further research. This program was judged to be suitable because it is designed for teaching disabled children in the preschool age and because it emphasizes interaction between teacher and child. The authors, however, did not follow all her recommendations. Three experimental studies on the effects of this program are reported here. A special topic is the construction and use of the evaluation instruments. These instruments were designed for evaluating individual changes. One instrument serves to evaluate the training process. The other one tests for changes in specific cognitive skills. A statistically significant improvement was reported in all three experiments. Finally the authors present a plan for further research which concentrates on formulating individual goals for the children and on an instruction method for teachers. PMID- 3159691 TI - Effect of 1-thiocarbamoyl-2-imidazolidinone on the generation of plaque forming cell responses. AB - Although 1-thiocarbamoyl-2-imidazolidinone (TCI) is a highly potent modulator of cellular immunity, its effects on humoral immunity have not been investigated. Given orally to mice prior to immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), low TCI doses (10(-14) to 10(-10) g/kg) suppressed primary plaque forming cell (PFC) responses of spleen cells by 50-75%. TCI effects in vivo were dependent on drug dose, antigen dose and time of drug administration relative to immunization. The kinetics of this response were not appreciably altered by TCI. Higher TCI doses, immunization with higher levels of SRBC than required to produce a maximal response or administration of TCI later than 48 hours after immunization resulted in drug effects ranging from slight suppression to mild enhancement of the primary PFC response. TCI given in vivo enhanced primary PFC responses to the T independent antigen DNP-Ficoll by greater than 700%+. TCI given before a primary immunization suppressed a secondary PFC response to SRBC elicited 28 days later. However, when TCI was given 24 h prior to a secondary immunization, doses greater than 10(-5) g/kg were necessary to suppress the PFC response. The effect of TCI on in vitro immunized spleen cell cultures was similar to that found for in vivo immunized mice. TCI at concentrations up to 10(-1) g/l did not cause a loss of lymphocyte viability or inhibit plaque production by antibody producing cells. Effects of TCI on PFC responses in vitro were reversible if cells briefly exposed to an optimal concentration of drug were washed extensively prior to immunization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159692 TI - Effects of dietary technical pentachlorophenol exposure on T cell, macrophage and natural killer cell activity in C57Bl/6 mice. AB - The effects of technical grade pentachlorophenol (T-PCP) exposure on several immunological parameters were examined in adult C57Bl/6 mice following eight weeks of dietary exposure. Immune function tests included mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis, mixed lymphocyte reactivity (proliferation and cytotoxicity), spontaneous and boosted levels of natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity, and phagocytic activity of resident, thioglycollate-induced, and P815-tumor activated peritoneal macrophages. Thymic and splenic weights, spleen cellularity, percentages of splenic T and B cells, and bone marrow cellularity were also determined. The only statistically significant functional alteration observed in T-PCP exposed mice in these studies was a reduction in the lymphoproliferative response in mixed lymphocyte culture which occurred in the absence of any apparent effect on the generation of cytotoxic cells. Mitogen responses, NK cytotoxicity and macrophage phagocytosis were unaltered by exposure to T-PCP. No changes were observed in spleen or thymus weights or in spleen or bone marrow cellularity. A dose-responsive trend toward reduced T cell and increased B cell percentages in the spleen of T-PCP exposed mice was noted. The apparent functional resistance of T cells, macrophages, and NK cells to T-PCP is in contrast to the marked sensitivity of the humoral immune response to T-PCP induced suppression. The results are discussed in relation to the dioxin contaminants present in T-PCP. PMID- 3159697 TI - Long-term ketoconazole treatment of chronic acral dermatophyte infections. AB - Ketoconazole 200-400 mg was given once daily for a maximum period of 12 months to 31 patients with chronic (mean duration, 12 years) dermatophyte infections of the hands and/or feet. Griseofulvin had previously been withdrawn due to intolerance or lack of effect. All skin and nail infections improved clinically. Fifty percent of the patients with skin infections and 26% of those with nail infections became clinically clear and culture-negative. Six months later, relapses had occurred in 8 of 12 patients (67%) with cleared skin lesions, and in 2 of 5 (40%) with cleared nail infections. Ketoconazole was discontinued in one patient due to headache and in another due to asymptomatic transient elevation of hepatic laboratory tests. Ketoconazole is an alternative when a replacement for griseofulvin is required, provided the degree of disability justifies the risk of drug toxicity. PMID- 3159699 TI - The in vitro sensitivity of chronically hypoxic EMT6/SF cells to X-radiation and hypoxic cell radiosensitizers. AB - We have investigated the effect of extreme, prolonged hypoxia on the radiosensitivity of EMT6/SF cells in vitro. As cells were kept hypoxic for 1-24 h, their radiosensitivity increased, but no further change was noted for hypoxic incubation beyond 24 h. Chronically hypoxic (45 h) cells were more radiosensitive than acutely hypoxic (1 h) cells by a factor of 1.43. When chronically hypoxic cells were re-aerated, the increased radiosensitivity persisted, although it was reduced. Misonidazole (MISO) radiosensitization was equally effective under conditions of acute and chronic hypoxia. In contrast, MISO, SR2555 and SR2508 were more cytotoxic in chronically hypoxic cultures than in acutely hypoxic cells. Measurements suggested that intracellular thiols may play an important role in the effects observed. PMID- 3159700 TI - Sites of gamma radiation-induced DNA strand breaks after alkali treatment. AB - When DNA is gamma-irradiated in aerated aqueous solution, strand breaks are produced during irradiation or the next few hours. Subsequent piperidine treatment gives rise to further DNA strand ruptures at alkali-labile sites. These different types of DNA chain breaks provoked by gamma-irradiation have been studied with oligonucleotides having defined sequences. The breaks selectively developed inside the DNA chain at alkali-labile sites by piperidine treatment appeared at lower doses preferentially at guanine positions and the order G greater than A greater than T greater than or equal to C was observed. The total contribution of the direct DNA chain ruptures, formed during irradiation and the next few hours, and those obtained by piperidine treatment was studied at doses ranging from 10 to 120 Gy. The chain breaks appeared preferentially at thymine positions and the order T greater than G greater than A greater than or equal to C was shown for the higher doses. PMID- 3159698 TI - Isotretinoin and tetracycline in the management of severe nodulocystic acne. AB - Thirty patients with treatment-resistant cystic and conglobulate acne entered a randomized double-blind protocol, testing the efficacy of isotretinoin versus tetracycline. After 16 weeks of isotretinoin treatment, the mean number of cysts decreased by 64% and the mean sum of the longest diameters was reduced by 68%. After 16 weeks of tetracycline therapy, the total number of cysts showed a mean decrease of 52%, and the mean sum of the longest diameters decreased by 60%. The reduction in the number of cysts and the sum of their longest diameters that occurred after 16 weeks of treatment was statistically significant for each of the treatment groups, but there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups at the end of therapy. Eight weeks after the discontinuation of treatment in the isotretinoin group, there was an overall reduction from baseline of 82% in the cyst count and 88% in the sum of the longest diameters. In the tetracycline treatment group, the overall reduction from baseline in the cyst count was 54% and in the sum of the longest diameters, 60%. This led to a statistically significant difference in the two treatment groups at 24 weeks. All patients on isotretinoin experienced side effects that were primarily related to the integumentary system but necessitated discontinuation of the drug for a short period of time in only one patient. Long term follow-up, 8 months after discontinuation of the study, showed a prolonged significant remission of acne in the isotretinoin group but not in the tetracycline group. PMID- 3159702 TI - Placental transfer of positron-emitting radionuclides in metabolic substrates. AB - Experimental studies on the biodistribution and placental transfer of in vivo metabolic constituents in pregnant rats were investigated with positron-emitting compounds such as 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose, a mixture of 11C-glucose and 11C fructose, 11C-L-methionine, 11C-D,L-leucine, 11C-adenine, 18F-5-fluoro-2' deoxyuridine, 11C-S-adenosyl-L-methionine and 11C-coenzyme Q10. Sugars and amino acids transferred easily through the placenta and distributed into the fetal tissues to a similar extent as into the maternal tissues. The fetus-to-placenta ratios for the amino acids were always over 1.0, which indicated active transport of the amino acids in the placenta. On the contrary, other compounds have some limitation to transfer through the placenta in comparison with the sugars and amino acids. The fetus-to-placenta ratios of 11C-adenine, 11C-S-adenosyl-L methionine and 11C-coenzyme Q10 were much less than the placenta-to-blood ratios, which indicated the presence of a certain placental barrier against these compounds. 11C-S-adenosyl-L-methionine and 11C-coenzyme Q10 were incorporated more into the fetal brain than into the maternal brain which is probably due to the nutritional requirement of the fetal brain and/or an immature blood-brain barrier. PMID- 3159703 TI - Use of Heptavax in Salt Lake County hospitals. PMID- 3159701 TI - Sex-dependent organ distribution of radiopharmaceuticals: effect of hormones on localization of acetyl-103Ru-ruthenocene. AB - This paper demonstrates modification of organ distribution of a radiopharmaceutical, acetyl-103Ru-ruthenocene, by competing drugs. This radiopharmaceutical concentrates in kidneys of male Wistar rats 15-fold higher than in females of the same strain and age. This concentration in the male is age dependent. Moreover, the retention of that radiopharmaceutical in male rats' kidneys is markedly reduced by pre-treatment of the rats with estradiol, and this effect is dose-dependent. Estradiol is competetively inhibiting the retention of acetyl-ruthenocene by the kidneys, the same effect also being obtained by tamoxifen, an anti-estrogen used clinically for regression of mammary carcinoma. Blocking the retention of acetyl-ruthenocene was also obtained by testosterone and cyproterone-acetate, as well as by ovariectomy, but the block after castration was partially compensated with time. Blood clearance of acetyl ruthenocene is biphasic, with a first t 1/2 of about 12 h, and a second t 1/2 of about 48 h. The retention of the label is sex-specific also in mice, but only the female mice show a high adrenal affinity and significant changes in its organ distribution. These effects may be due to competition of acetyl-ruthenocene for steroid receptors, or due to its activation of enzymes that are responsible for its transformation into a bindable moiety. PMID- 3159704 TI - Immune complexes in ocular disease. PMID- 3159705 TI - Human T-cell subpopulations distinguished by monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3159706 TI - Proposed immune mechanisms in uveitis and their modulation. PMID- 3159707 TI - Postnatal retinal vascular development of the puppy. AB - Retinal vascular development during the first three postnatal weeks was studied in 63 purebred beagle puppies. Use of a positive enzyme histochemical reaction for adenosine triphosphatase in the nuclei and nucleoli of vascular cells made visualization of the retinal vasculature possible. Animals were killed by decapitation. Thus, artifacts resulting from use of anesthetics or tracer substances were avoided. In general, this study demonstrates important similarities between canine and human retinal vascular development, and this gives further reason to use of the puppy retina as a superior model for studying retrolental fibroplasia pathogenesis. This staining technique demonstrates undifferentiated cells in the avascular retina that appear to be vascular precursors or angioblasts. Primordial vessels form by organization of differentiating angioblasts that exist in peripheral retinal cystic spaces at birth, or by addition of fully differentiated endothelium; they form unlike neovascularization. Muller cell processes appear to provide a structural matrix throughout the avascular puppy retina on which differentiated angioblasts organize into a vascular network. Arteries develop in beds of primordial capillaries lying near the leading edge of the developing vasculature. This precedes vein formation which occurs through a process involving coalescence of embryonic capillaries which themselves were derived from primordial capillaries. Preliminary examination of eight mongrel kitten retinas prepared by this method clearly indicates that the puppy retina is much more completely vascularized at birth than that of the newborn kitten. Moreover, the rate of postnatal retinal vascularization is significantly faster in the kitten. The kitten vasculature does appear to form by the organization of angioblasts as in the puppy, but kitten angioblasts have a different appearance from those in the puppy. PMID- 3159708 TI - [13-cis-Retinoic acid and spermatogenesis. Spermatological and impulse cytophotometric studies]. AB - Twenty male volunteers with severe acne conglobata were treated orally over a period of 12 weeks with 1 mg isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) per kilogram body weight. Before and after therapy, as well as 12 weeks after the end of therapy, the semen was examined spermatologically and the spermatozoa DNS determined by impulse cytophotometry. The sperm density remained unchanged in the otherwise healthy patients, whereas patients with previous gonadal defects (unilateral cryptorchism, hypogonadism, varicocele) the sperm count rose significantly (P less than 0.05) at the end of therapy; 3 months later a reverse trend in the sperm density was noted. The percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa was slightly reduced at the end of therapy; 12 weeks after completion of therapy it was significantly reduced (P less than 0.05). This could, however, be due to the short elimination half-life of 13-cis retinoic acid and have nothing to do with the drug. On impulse cytophotometry the spermatozoa DNS showed no significant changes. According to the results of the cytophotometric examination, contraceptive measures for men during treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid need not be made obligatory. PMID- 3159709 TI - An application of statistical matching with the survey of income and education and the 1976 Health Interview Survey. AB - This article outlines an alternative procedure to household surveys for obtaining individual observation-level data. The procedure, called statistical matching, integrates data on an individual observation from one source with data on a different observation identified as the "best matching" or "most similar" record from a second source. The best match is determined by objective statistical criteria. Also reported is a significant application of the procedure between the Survey of Income and Education and the 1976 National Health Interview Survey. The success of merging these two large, nationally representative data files shows statistical matching as a viable method of creating databases for health services research. PMID- 3159710 TI - Comparative in-vitro activity of ciprofloxacin against non-fermenters. AB - The in-vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, a quinolone-carboxylic acid derivative, was compared with those of carbenicillin, azlocillin, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, tobramycin and amikacin against 187 non-fermenters. Only one of the 131 strains of Pseudomonas spp. was not inhibited by 1 mg/l of ciprofloxacin, while these isolates appeared highly resistant to carbenicillin, azlocillin and cefsulodin. Ciprofloxacin was also the best agent against Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes faecalis and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus with MIC90's respectively of 0.5, 4 and 8 mg/l. This new compound appeared bactericidal, and we found a small or no inoculum effect with ciprofloxacin. PMID- 3159711 TI - A controlled trial of norfloxacin and amoxycillin in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in the elderly. PMID- 3159712 TI - The in-vitro activities of enoxacin and ofloxacin compared with that of ciprofloxacin. AB - The in-vitro activities of enoxacin and ofloxacin were compared with that of the other new 4-quinolone, ciprofloxacin. All three compounds were highly active against Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (MICs mostly less than 1 mg/l). The other Gram-negative aerobes tested were in general less susceptible, though for Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species (including aeruginosa) MICs seldom exceeded 8 mg/l. Ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were more active against Gardnerella vaginalis (MICs 0.5-2 mg/l) than was enoxacin (MICs 8-32 mg/l). Staphylococci were susceptible to ofloxacin (MICs 0.12 1 mg/l) and enoxacin (MICs 0.5-2 mg/l) as well as to ciprofloxacin. Streptococci also were mostly sensitive to the compounds though the MICs of enoxacin (4-64 mg/l) were noticeably higher than those of ofloxacin (1-4 mg/l). Anaerobes were in general susceptible though, as with streptococci, ofloxacin, with activity similar to that of ciprofloxacin, was more active than enoxacin. Variants of Enterobacteriaceae with reduced susceptibility were readily selected in the laboratory with either enoxacin or ofloxacin as the selective agent. The MICs of all the 4-quinolones were usually increased four- to 16-fold for these strains; they could therefore be regarded as remaining susceptible to the newer compounds. PMID- 3159713 TI - Antichlamydial activity of quinolone carboxylic acids. PMID- 3159714 TI - Susceptibility of Clostridium difficile strains to new antibiotics: quinolones, efrotomycin, teicoplanin and imipenem. PMID- 3159715 TI - Respiratory mechanical effects of abdominal distension. AB - We develop a theory to predict the partitioning of a change in volume of the abdominal contents into the end-expiratory volume changes of the lung, rib cage, and anterior abdominal wall. First, we calculate the distribution of such a volume change using the relative compliances of the three compartments. We then consider the inspiratory influence of abdominal pressure on the rib cage and its effect on the distribution of this volume. We test our theory by inducing gastric distension in three experienced laboratory personnel. We instilled and subsequently withdrew 1 liter of water from a gastric balloon and examined the effects of this change in gastric volume on the relaxation characteristics of the respiratory system. The distribution of the volume change that would be expected from the observed relative compliances of the three compartments would be approximately 66% into change in lung volume, 25% into change in rib cage volume, and 9% into change in abdominal volume. Instead, in line with our predictions for acute gastric distension, approximately 33% went into decrease in lung volume, 40% into increase in rib cage volume, and 26% into increase in abdominal volume. These results suggest that the interactions among the rib cage, abdomen, and diaphragm are such as to defend against large changes in end-expiratory lung volume in the face of abdominal distension. PMID- 3159716 TI - Effects of separate rib cage and abdominal restriction on exercise performance in normal humans. AB - We assessed the effects of selective restriction of movements of the rib cage (Res,rc) and abdomen (Res,ab) on ventilatory pattern, transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi), and electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi) in five normal subjects exercising at a constant work rate (80% of maximum power output) on a cycle ergometer till exhaustion. Restriction of movements was achieved by an inelastic corset applied tightly around the rib cage or abdomen. Edi was recorded by an esophageal electrode, rectified, and then integrated, and peak values during inspiration were measured. Each subject exercised at the same work rate on 3 days: with Res,rc, with Res,ab, and without restriction (control). Res,rc but not Res,ab reduced exercise time (tlim). Up to tlim, minute ventilation (VE) was similar in all three conditions. At any level of VE, however, Res,rc decreased tidal volume and inspiratory and expiratory time, whereas Res,ab had no effect on the pattern of breathing. Res,ab was associated with higher inspiratory Pdi swings at any level of VE, whereas peak Edi was similar to control. Inspiratory Pdi swings were the same with Res,rc as control, but the peak Edi for a given Pdi was greater with Res,rc (P less than 0.05). During Res,rc the abdominal pressure swings in expiration were greater than with Res,ab and control. We conclude that Res,rc altered the pattern of breathing in normal subjects in high-intensity exercise, decreased diaphragmatic contractility, increased abdominal muscle recruitment in expiration, and reduced tlim. On the other hand, Res,ab had no effect on breathing pattern or tlim but was associated with increased diaphragmatic contractility. PMID- 3159717 TI - Inspiratory muscle function with restrictive chest wall loading during exercise in normal humans. AB - The effects of selective restriction of rib cage (Res,rc) and abdominal wall (Res,ab) movements on endurance of short-term constant-load heavy exercise and on diaphragmatic function during such exercise were examined in five normal young men. An inelastic surgical corset was used to achieve Res,rc and Res,ab. Subjects exercised on a cycle ergometer at 80% of their maximum power output to exhaustion on three occasions: with Res,rc, with Res,ab, and without restriction of chest wall movements (control). Transdiaphragmatic (Pdi), esophageal, and gastric pressures were measured. Electromyogram of the diaphragm was recorded by an esophageal electrode, and the ratio of the power content of a high-frequency to low-frequency band (H/L ratio) was measured. In addition, maximum Pdi (Pdimax) pre- and immediately postexercise was recorded. Res,rc was associated with a shorter endurance time, a progressive decline of the H/L ratio, and a significant reduction of Pdimax postexercise, whereas no such changes were found with Res,ab. We conclude that diaphragmatic function was well defended with abdominal wall loading, whereas limitation of rib cage expansion reduced diaphragmatic endurance during exercise. The diaphragmatic tension-time index (TTdi) in exercise was always less than the critical value of 0.15 found by Bellemare and Grassino (J. Appl. Physiol. 53: 1190-1195, 1982) when subjects inspired against large resistive loads at normal minute ventilations. We suggest that the higher inspiratory flow rate (P less than 0.05) and breathing frequency (P less than 0.05) account for the occurrence of diaphragmatic fatigue in exercise with Res,rc when the TTdi was 0.06 +/- 0.02. PMID- 3159719 TI - Biochemical characteristics of cardiac myosin: the pH dependence of Ca-ATPase activity, and that of the absorption spectrum of 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl groups attached to myosin. AB - For both cardiac and skeletal myosin, the Ca-ATPase activity of myosin at acidic pH was shown to be different from that at alkaline pH, in the susceptibility to heat-inactivation, the effects of organic solvents, and the effect of trinitrophenylation of the myosin. It is therefore suggested that there are two different types of Ca-ATPase of both cardiac and skeletal myosin. Differences in the Ca-ATPase activity were also found between cardiac and skeletal myosins. (a) The Ca-ATPase activity of cardiac myosin was more susceptible to heat inactivation at alkaline pH than at acidic pH. In contrast, the activity of skeletal myosin was more susceptible to heat-inactivation at acidic pH than at alkaline pH. (b) Dioxane weakly stimulated the activity of cardiac myosin at acidic pH, but strongly activated that of skeletal myosin at acidic pH. Acetone very strongly inhibited the activity of cardiac myosin at alkaline pH, but not so strongly that of skeletal myosin at alkaline pH. (c) Trinitrophenylation of the myosin resulted in loss of the activity optimum at acidic pH with skeletal myosin but not with cardiac myosin. As reported by Srivastava et al. (J. Biochem. 86, 725-731, 1979), 1 mol of lysine residue per mol of cardiac myosin quickly reacted with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS) either in the absence or presence of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). However, trinitrophenyl (TNP) groups bound to cardiac myosin in the presence of PPi were significantly different, in the pH dependence of the absorption spectrum, from those bound (to cardiac myosin) in the absence of PPi.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159718 TI - Host DNA replication forks are not preferred targets for bacteriophage Mu transposition. AB - Bacteriophage Mu DNA integration in Escherichia coli strains infected after alignment of chromosomal replication was analyzed by a sandwich hybridization assay. The results indicated that Mu integrated into chromosomal segments at various distances from oriC with similar kinetics. In an extension of these studies, various Hfr strains were infected after alignment of chromosomal replication, and Mu transposition was shut down early after infection. The positions of integrated Mu copies were inferred from the transfer kinetics of Mu to an F- strain. Our analysis indicated that the location of Mu DNA in the host chromosome was not dependent on the positions of host replication forks at the time of infection. However, the procedure for aligning chromosomal replication affected DNA transfer by various Hfr strains differently, and this effect could account for prior results suggesting preferential integration of Mu at host replication forks. PMID- 3159720 TI - Inhibition of hydrolysis of phosphorylated Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum by Ca2+ inside and outside the vesicles. AB - The effects of intra- and extravesicular calcium and magnesium ions on the hydrolysis of the phosphoenzyme (EP) intermediate formed in the reaction of Ca2+,Mg2+-dependent ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum were investigated. The rate constants of EP hydrolysis were measured under conditions that allowed a single turnover of ATP hydrolysis to minimize the increase in calcium concentration inside the vesicles. The EP formed during a single turnover was hydrolyzed biphasically and could be resolved into fast- and slow-decomposing components. When free Mg2+ outside the vesicles was chelated by adding excess EDTA, EP could also be kinetically resolved into two components; EDTA-sensitive EP, which could be quickly decomposed by adding EDTA, and EDTA-insensitive EP, which could be prevented from decomposing by adding EDTA. The amount of EDTA sensitive EP decreased rapidly during the initial phase of the reaction, while that of EDTA-insensitive EP decreased slowly with the same rate constant as that of the slow-decomposing EP. These results showed that the biphasic time course of EP hydrolysis was caused by the formation of EDTA-sensitive and -insensitive EP during the reaction. The time course of EP hydrolysis could be quantitatively analyzed in terms of the following reaction mechanism. (formula; see text) The decomposition of EDTA-insensitive EP required Mg2+ outside the vesicles and was competitively inhibited by extravesicular Ca2+. The decomposition of EDTA sensitive EP was inhibited by Ca2+ inside the vesicles but not by external Ca2+. The linear relationships between the inverse of the rate constants of EP decomposition during the initial phase and the intravesicular CaCl2 concentrations suggested that decomposition of EDTA-sensitive EP was inhibited by the binding of 1 mol of intravesicular Ca2+ to 1 mol of EP. Furthermore, Mg2+ inside the vesicles scarcely affected the inhibition of EP hydrolysis by intravesicular Ca2+. These results suggested that magnesium ions are not counter transported during the active transport of calcium by SR vesicles. PMID- 3159721 TI - Activation of muscle phosphofructokinase by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is differently affected by other regulatory metabolites. AB - Fructose-2,6-P2 and fructose-1,6-P2 are strong activators of muscle phosphofructokinase. They have been shown to be competitive in binding studies, and it is generally thought that they affect the physical and catalytic properties of the enzyme in the same manner. However, there are indications in published data that the effects of the two fructose bisphosphates on phosphofructokinase are not identical. To examine this possibility, the kinetics of activation of rat skeletal muscle phosphofructokinase by the two fructose bisphosphates were compared in the presence of other regulatory metabolites. Citrate greatly increased the K0.5 of the enzyme for fructose-2,6-P2, with little effect on the maximum activation. In contrast, citrate greatly decreased the maximum activation by fructose-1,6-P2, with only a small effect on the K0.5. Changes in the concentrations of the inhibitor ATP or the activator AMP similarly altered the K0.5 for fructose-2,6-P2, but altered the maximum activation by fructose-1,6-P2. Finally, when fructose-1,6-P2 was added in the presence of a given concentration of fructose-2,6-P2, phosphofructokinase activity was decreased if the activation by fructose-2,6-P2 alone was greater than the maximum activation by fructose-1,6-P2 alone. These results are consistent with competition of the two fructose bisphosphates for the same binding site, but indicate that the conformational changes produced by their binding are different. PMID- 3159722 TI - Purification and properties of a secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from the parasitic protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus. AB - A novel secondary alcohol dehydrogenase has been isolated from Tritrichomonas foetus, the protozoan parasite which is responsible for bovine trichomonal abortion. The enzyme has been obtained in apparently homogeneous form after a 120 fold purification from cell homogenates, thus indicating that this activity constitutes an unusually high 1% of the total cytosolic protein. The native Mr = 115,000, determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels suggests that the enzyme is composed of 6-8 subunits, identical as to molecular size (Mr = 17,000). The enzyme catalyzes the reversible oxidation of 2-propanol to acetone, using NADP+ (and not NAD+) as the redox active co-substrate. Other small secondary alcohols, such as 2-butanol, 2- and 3 pentanol, cyclobutanol, and cyclopentanol are substrates, as are the corresponding ketones of these alcohols. Primary alcohols, such as ethanol and 1 propanol, are oxidized at rates less than 5% of that observed for 2-propanol. Product inhibition studies demonstrate an ordered kinetic mechanism, wherein the co-substrate (NADP+/NADPH) binds to the enzyme prior to binding of the substrate (alcohol/ketone). PMID- 3159723 TI - Random phosphorylation of the two heads of thymus myosin and the independent stimulation of their actin-activated ATPases. AB - Like other vertebrate nonmuscle myosins, thymus myosin contains two phosphorylatable light chains. Phosphorylation of these light chains regulates the actin-activated ATPase of this myosin. The time courses for the phosphorylation of both monomeric and filamentous thymus myosin by gizzard myosin light chain kinase fitted single exponentials to greater than 85% phosphorylation. This indicates that the two heads of thymus myosin are phosphorylated at the same rate and suggests that these phosphorylations are random processes. The actin-activated ATPases of thymus myosins with different levels of light chain phosphorylation were also determined. A linear relationship was obtained between the extent of light chain phosphorylation and stimulation of the actin-activated ATPase. Since thymus myosin appears to be phosphorylated randomly, this linear relationship indicates that phosphorylation of one head of thymus myosin stimulates the actin-activated ATPase of that head independently of the phosphorylation of the second head. The apparent random phosphorylation of thymus myosin light chains contrasts with the reported ordered phosphorylation of the light chains of filamentous smooth (gizzard) muscle myosin. Also, while the actin-activated ATPases of the two heads of thymus myosin are regulated independently, both heads of gizzard myosin must be phosphorylated before the ATPase of either head is activated by actin. PMID- 3159725 TI - Identification of the precursor protein to basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans. AB - The precursor protein of a basement membrane specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan has been identified as a 400,000 Mr polypeptide. Antibodies against large and small forms of this proteoglycan, isolated from a basement membrane (Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm, EHS) tumor, immunoprecipitated the same 400,000 protein from pulse-labeled EHS cells. The proteoglycan precursor protein was not recognized by antibodies against other basement membrane components or by antibodies to the cartilage proteoglycan. Furthermore, heparan sulfate proteoglycan purified from the EHS tumor blocked the immunoprecipitation of the precursor protein. Pulse-chase studies with [35S]methionine showed the precursor protein was converted to a proteoglycan. Pulse-chase studies with 35SO4 showed the large, low density proteoglycan appeared first and was degraded to a smaller, high density proteoglycan. We propose that the precursor protein is used after very little or no modification in the assembly of a large, low density heparan sulfate proteoglycan and that a portion of the population of these macromolecules are subsequently degraded to a smaller form. PMID- 3159724 TI - Isolation of two forms of basement membrane proteoglycans. AB - Sequential extractions of the basement membrane producing Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm tumor yielded heparan sulfate proteoglycans with different size core proteins, but the same size heparan sulfate side chains. Saline, a nondenaturing solvent, extracted a small high density proteoglycan with a heterodisperse core protein of Mr = 95,000-130,000 whereas subsequent extraction with 7 M urea, a denaturing solvent, removed a large, low density proteoglycan with a Mr = 350,000-400,000 protein core. The denaturing conditions required for extraction of the large proteoglycan suggest that it interacts strongly with other basement membrane components. Antibodies to these proteoglycans cross-react with both proteoglycans, but the large proteoglycan has additional antigenic sites not present on the small proteoglycan. These proteoglycans may be derived from the same or similar gene products. PMID- 3159726 TI - Heparan sulfate proteoglycans from mouse mammary epithelial cells. Cell surface proteoglycan as a receptor for interstitial collagens. AB - A heparan sulfate-rich proteoglycan is on the surface of NMuMG mouse mammary epithelial cells apparently intercalated into their plasma membranes. Mild treatment of the cells with trypsin releases the GAG-bearing region (ectodomain) of this molecule as a discrete proteoglycan which is readily purified. At physiological pH and ionic strength, the ectodomain binds collagen types I, III, and V but not types II, IV, or denatured type I. The proteoglycan binds to a single class of high affinity saturable sites on type I collagen fibrils, sites which are selective for heparin-like glycosaminoglycans. The binding of NMuMG cells to type I collagen duplicates that of their cell surface proteoglycan; cells bind to native but not denatured collagen, and binding is inhibited by heparin but not by other glycosaminoglycans. These binding properties suggest that cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans could act as receptors for interstitial collagens and mediate changes in cell behavior induced by collagenous matrices. PMID- 3159727 TI - Purification of a DNA primase activity from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Primase can be separated from DNA polymerase I. AB - A primase activity which permits DNA synthesis by yeast DNA polymerase I on a single-stranded circular phi X174 or M13 DNA or on poly(dT)n has been extensively purified by fractionation of a yeast enzyme extract which supports in vitro replication of the yeast 2-microns plasmid DNA (Kojo, H., Greenberg, B. D., and Sugino, A. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 7261-7265). Most of this DNA primase activity was separated from DNA polymerase activity, although a small amount remained associated with DNA polymerase I. The primase, active as a monomer, has a molecular weight of about 60,000. The primase synthesizes oligoribonucleotides of discrete size, mainly eight or nine nucleotides, in the presence of single-stranded template DNA and ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates; it utilizes deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates as substrate with 10-fold lower efficiency. Product size, chromatographic properties, alpha-amanitin resistance, and molecular weight of the primase activity distinguish it from RNA polymerases I, II, and III. The DNA products synthesized by both primase and DNA polymerase I on a single-stranded DNA template were 200-500 nucleotides long and covalently linked to oligoribonucleotides at their 5'-ends. Addition of yeast single stranded DNA-binding protein (Arendes, J., Kim, K. C., and Sugino, A. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. A. 80, 673-677) stimulated the DNA synthesis 2-3 fold. PMID- 3159728 TI - Glutathione depletion greatly reduces neocarzinostatin cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster V79 cells. AB - The role of the intracellular thiol glutathione in the reductive activation of neocarzinostatin was investigated in Chinese hamster V79 cells. The cells were pretreated with agents that either lower (buthionine sulfoximine or diethyl maleate) or elevate (oxothiazolidine carboxylate) intracellular glutathione levels. These cells were then exposed to 1-5 micrograms/ml neocarzinostatin for 1 h and assayed for survival. Depletion of glutathione to levels at or below the limit of detection resulted in a marked reduction in neocarzinostatin cytotoxicity, while increasing glutathione levels to 250% of control values had little or no effect on neocarzinostatin toxicity. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of cysteine in untreated and glutathione-depleted cells showed cysteine levels lower than 0.2 microM, indicating that cysteine does not play a major role in the reductive activation of neocarzinostatin in untreated or glutathione-depleted cells. When intracellular cysteine levels were artificially elevated by oxothiazolidine carboxylate treatment of glutathione-depleted cells, neocarzinostatin toxicity was about two-thirds that seen in cells with normal glutathione levels. In cell-free systems, others have shown that reducing agents such as 2-mercaptoethanol are necessary for the activation of neocarzinostatin to a species that will cleave DNA. In this study, we have identified glutathione as the major cellular reducing agent for the activation of neocarzinostatin in a mammalian cell line. PMID- 3159729 TI - Cell damage unmasks 15-lipoxygenase activity in human neutrophils. AB - Metabolism of arachidonic acid (10 microM) into 15(S)-hydroxyl-5,8,11-cis-13 trans-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) was proportional to lactate dehydrogenase release from human neutrophils incubated with supratherapeutic concentrations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. In contrast to others (Vanderhoek, J., and Bailey, J. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 6752-6756), we report that increased 15 HETE formation was not uniquely attributable to 5 mM ibuprofen, and it did not originate from enzymatic activation. For instance, ibuprofen (1-5 mM) did not affect the isolated 15-lipoxygenase enzyme in the 100,000 X g supernatant from neutrophil lysates, and dose-dependent increases in 15-HETE biosynthesis, proportional to lactate dehydrogenase release, were evident with benoxaprofen, naproxen, flurbiprofen, or etodolac. At similar supratherapeutic concentrations (1-5 mM), aspirin and phenylbutazone did not influence lactate dehydrogenase release or 15-HETE production. In further contrast, neutrophils did not tolerate 1-5 mM ibuprofen. Biochemical, morphological, flow cytometric, and fluorochromatic analyses each indicated cytological damage. A correlation between lactate dehydrogenase release and increased 15-HETE formation was a dose dependent property also exhibited by arachidonic acid alone (10-100 microM). We conclude that cytological damage, facilitating access of arachidonic acid to 15 lipoxygenase in a cytosolic compartment, accounts for this phenomenon. PMID- 3159730 TI - Defects in synthesis, phosphorylation, and maturation of acid alpha-glucosidase in glycogenosis type II. AB - Glycogenosis type II is an inherited lysosomal storage disease with acid alpha glucosidase deficiency as the primary defect. Using cultured skin fibroblasts, we have studied the biosynthesis of acid alpha-glucosidase in clinically different forms of this disease. Three unrelated patients were identified (one with an infantile, one with a juvenile, and one with an adult form of the disease) producing normal quantities of the 110-kDa precursor form of acid alpha glucosidase. However, post-translational modification to mature 76-kDa enzyme protein was either completely deficient or extremely inefficient. No abnormalities were observed in glycosylation of the mutant precursors, as measured by the incorporation of [3H]mannose, but phosphorylation was only detectable for the precursor synthesized by fibroblasts from the juvenile patient. In three other patients (one with a juvenile and two with adult forms of glycogenosis type II) apparently reduced synthesis of precursor protein was observed, but the processing to mature enzyme seemed to be undisturbed. Finally, neither precursor nor mature forms of acid alpha-glucosidase were detectable in one particular case of infantile glycogenosis type II. The studies reveal an unexpected degree of genetic heterogeneity in this disease and identify various mutants which could be of importance to further elucidate the biosynthetic events during lysosomal enzyme formation. PMID- 3159731 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone induces redistribution of protein kinase C in GH4C1 rat pituitary cells. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) affects hormone secretion and synthesis in GH4C1 cells, a clonal strain of rat pituitary cells. Recent evidence suggests that the intracellular mediators, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and 1,2 diacylglycerol, which are generated as a result of TRH-induced hydrolysis of the polyphosphatidylinositols, may be responsible for some of the physiological events regulated by TRH. Because diacylglycerol is an activator of protein kinase C, we have examined a role for this enzyme in TRH action. The subcellular distribution of protein kinase C in control and TRH-treated cells was determined by measuring both enzyme activity and 12,13-[3H]phorbol dibutyrate binding in the cytosol and by measuring enzyme activity in the particulate fraction. Acute exposure of GH4C1 cells to TRH resulted in a decrease of cytosolic protein kinase C, and an increase in the level of the enzyme associated with the particulate fraction. The redistribution of protein kinase C induced by TRH was dose- and time-dependent, with maximal effects occurring within the first minute of TRH treatment. Analogs of TRH which do not bind to the TRH receptor did not induce redistribution of protein kinase C, while the active analog, methyl-TRH, did promote redistribution. Treatment of GH4C1 cells with phorbol myristate acetate also resulted in a shift in protein kinase C distribution, although the response was slower than that produced by TRH. TRH-induced redistribution of protein kinase C implies translocation of the enzyme from a soluble to a membrane associated form. Because protein kinase C requires a lipid environment for activity, association with the membrane fraction of the cell suggests activation of the enzyme; thus, protein kinase C may play a role in some of the actions of TRH on GH4C1 cells. PMID- 3159732 TI - Oligosaccharides generated by an endoglucuronidase are intermediates in the intracellular degradation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. AB - An intracellular heparan sulfate oligosaccharide has been identified in rat hepatocytes cultured in the presence of [35S]sulfate. Pulse-chase experiments suggest that [35S]sulfate is first incorporated into heparan sulfate proteoglycans which are subsequently converted to the low molecular weight component. The oligosaccharide (Mr 7000) contains little or no protein and is also present in rat liver homogenates. Subcellular fractionation and density gradient centrifugation in Percoll of liver homogenates demonstrated that the oligosaccharide was present in lysosomes or in particles of similar distribution and buoyant density. Structural analysis of oligosaccharides isolated from a rat liver lysosomal fraction indicate that glucuronic acid is present in the reducing end of the oligosaccharide and that this residue is preferentially linked to an N acetylated glucosamine unit. These data suggest that the heparan sulfate oligosaccharide is generated through the action of a heparan sulfate-degrading endoglucuronidase previously found in human platelets and rat liver (Oldberg, A., Heldin, C.-H., Wasteson, A., Busch, C., and Hook, M. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 5755 5762). PMID- 3159734 TI - Functional and physical characterization of transcription initiation complexes in the bacteriophage lambda OR region. AB - We have used transcriptional activity assays and DNase I footprinting techniques to examine in vitro the binding of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and lambda repressor protein to the bacteriophage lambda rightward promoter-operator region. For the lambda PR promoter, the activity and physical binding results determined at several repressor concentrations correlated very well. Good agreement was also found for repression of PRM, which occurred at higher repressor concentrations; however, our results indicate that at low repressor concentrations, RNA polymerase can physically occupy PRM in a transcriptionally inactive form. These inactive complexes formed with a binding constant similar to that previously measured for "closed complexes" at PRM. A kinetic study of PR open complex formation on an OR2-template in the presence of lambda repressor showed that decreased initiation frequency from this promoter was due largely to a decrease in KB. The kinetically determined inhibition constant for repressor (Ki = 4 nM) was similar to the dissociation constant (Kd approximately 2 nM) determined from the footprinting studies. PMID- 3159733 TI - The mechanism of binding of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers to rat brain membranes. AB - Detailed kinetic and equilibrium studies of the binding of two radiolabeled 1,4 dihydropyridine calcium antagonists to putative calcium channels in rat brain membranes were performed. (+/-)-[3H]Nitrendipine, a racemic ligand, and (+) [3H]isopropyl 4-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)-1, 4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5 methoxycarbonylpyridine-3-carboxylate (PN200-110), a pure isomer, were used and their binding properties were quantitated and compared. Analysis of equilibrium binding revealed a single high affinity component for each radioligand with the same density of binding sites for both ligands. Association rates were determined over a 60-fold range of concentration of each radioligand. For both radioligands, the pseudo-first order association time courses were biphasic with the rate of the faster component dependent on radioligand concentration and the rate of the slower component independent of both the structure of the radioligand and the concentration of the radioligand. Dissociation rates were determined after various times of association. The dissociation of the optically pure radioligand, (+)-[3H]PN200-110, was monophasic at all association times, consistent with a single bound species being present throughout association. However, (+/-) [3H]nitrendipine dissociation was biphasic after short association times (1-10 min). The biphasic dissociation observed with (+/-)-[3H]nitrendipine is consistent with the two optical isomers binding with approximately the same association rate but having different dissociation rates. These results appear to reflect the existence of two interconvertible binding states of the putative calcium channel in the membrane, one which binds the radioligands with high affinity in a simple bimolecular reaction and one which has no detectable affinity for the ligands. This mechanism of isomerization before ligand binding has been modeled by numerical solution of the differential equations of the scheme providing estimates of the rate constants for each reaction in the scheme. PMID- 3159735 TI - Effect of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton and/or cyclophosphamide on leukemogenesis induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in Donryu rats. AB - The effect of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS) and/or cyclophosphamide (CP) on chemical carcinogenesis was examined in female Donryu rats exposed to N ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) in the drinking water for 6 weeks. Five administrations of N-CWS following ENU treatment caused a slight prolongation of the average survival of rats but did not reduce the incidence of leukemia. CP given on two occasions after ENU treatment caused a moderate prolongation of average survival period and a moderate reduction of the incidence of leukemia, but significant differences from ENU-treated control group values were not observed after statistical analysis. Combined treatment with N-CWS and CP after ENU treatment caused prolongation of the average survival period of rats and a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of leukemia. The present experiment indicates that combined treatment with N-CWS and CP effectively reduces induction of leukemia by ENU in rats, although other types of tumors were not affected. PMID- 3159737 TI - Numerical classification of syndromes. PMID- 3159738 TI - Sciatica and backache: when to operate? PMID- 3159736 TI - Two subpopulations of differentiated chondrocytes identified with a monoclonal antibody to keratan sulfate. AB - We have prepared a monoclonal antibody, named MZ15, that specifically binds keratan sulfate. Immunofluorescence studies showed that the distribution of keratan sulfate in articular cartilage was not uniform: the amount of keratan sulfate increased with distance from the articular surface. Two subpopulations of chondrocytes could be distinguished after isolation from cartilage by the presence or absence of cell surface keratan sulfate. Keratan sulfate-negative chondrocytes were shown to come from the upper cartilage layers. There was therefore a direct correlation between biochemical heterogeneity of cartilage matrix and heterogeneity within the chondrocyte population. During growth in monolayer culture, superficial chondrocytes began to synthesize keratan sulfate, but the cells could still be distinguished from cultures of deep or unfractionated chondrocytes by their reduced substrate adhesiveness and tendency to remain rounded. PMID- 3159739 TI - An unusual murmur in an adolescent. PMID- 3159740 TI - A medical student who treated himself. PMID- 3159741 TI - The HLA system and its relation to disease. PMID- 3159742 TI - Maternal withdrawal from handicapped toddlers. AB - Videotaped observations of the free-play interaction of mothers and (a) 12 physically handicapped, (b) 14 premature and (c) nine healthy 2-year-olds were evaluated. Mothers of handicapped toddlers were significantly more likely to ignore their children at 24 months than were mothers in other groups. Further, although children's Bayley scores had not differed when seen previously at 1 year, children of mothers who ignored at 2 years had lower concurrent 2-year IQ scores and experienced an average 30-point drop between the two evaluations. These results support clinical reports of maternal withdrawal from handicapped young children and suggest that the mother-child dyad in such cases may be at continuing risk throughout the early years. PMID- 3159744 TI - Improved gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay for haloperidol utilizing ammonia chemical ionization and selected-ion monitoring. AB - An improved method for the analysis of haloperidol in human serum, utilizing gas chromatography-ammonia chemical ionization mass spectrometry is described. A tetradeutero analogue of haloperidol is utilized as the internal standard, while a second drug, thioridazine, is added as a priming compound. The characteristic high sensitivity and selectivity of selected-ion monitoring combined with the added accuracy provided by incorporation of a labeled internal standard provide a reliable method for the quantitation of low levels of haloperidol. PMID- 3159743 TI - Determination of plasma testosterone by mass fragmentography using [3,4 13C]testosterone as an internal standard. AB - The combination of glass capillary gas chromatography--mass spectrometry is especially suitable for the recognition of compounds. The use of [3,4 13C]testosterone as internal standard, mass fragmentography and isotope ratio measurement have been applied to the quantitative determination of testosterone in plasma. This paper describes the method, using tert. butyldimethylsilylmethoxime and di-heptafluorobutyrate derivatives. The calibration graph in isotopic dilution is examined. The results obtained are compared with the results obtained by radioimmunoassay. The sensitivity of the method is judged from the lower limit of detection: 4.5 pg. The precision, and inter- and intra-assay are calculated. PMID- 3159745 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of ciprofloxacin in biological fluids. AB - A simple and precise high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure has been developed for the determination in biological fluids of ciprofloxacin, a new, with extended antibacterial spectrum, quinoline carboxylic acid. The work-up procedure involves a chemical extraction step followed by isocratic chromatography on a reversed-phase analytical column, with ultraviolet detection. The detection limit for blood levels is 10 ng/ml. The calibration curve is linear from this detection limit to 10 microgram/ml. The statistical analysis of the correlation made between this assay and an agar diffusion procedure during a pharmacokinetic study suggests the existence of one or more active metabolites which could be mainly excreted in the bile. PMID- 3159747 TI - Suppression of in vitro lymphocyte and neutrophil responses by a low molecular weight suppressor active peptide from burn-patient sera. AB - Thermal injury produces profound pathophysiological changes in the severely burned patient. Primary among these is the modulation of immunity, leading to episodes of immunosuppression and thus increasing the risk of sepsis and possible death. We herein report the isolation of a low molecular weight suppressor active peptide (SAP) which appears to be responsible for many of the observed immunologic changes in burned patients. SAP suppressed T-lymphocyte blastogenesis in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis (CTX) in vitro. Characterization of SAP revealed a complex structure comprised of (1) a peptide component rich in glycine, serine, and alanine; (2) a carbohydrate component containing sialic acid; and (3) a fatty acid component, tentatively identified as prostaglandin E. The immunosuppressive activity of SAP is dependent upon the presence of all three structural components. The molecular weight of SAP was estimated to be 3654 as determined by Amicon cell ultrafiltration and amino acid analysis. The isoelectric point of SAP was estimated by chromatofocusing and ion-exchange chromatography to be between 3.2 and 3.6. We hypothesize that the suppressor active peptide may be comprised of cellular or tissue components released into the circulation at the time of injury. PMID- 3159746 TI - Spermatic and peripheral venous plasma concentrations of testosterone, 17 hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, delta 5-androstene 3 beta,17 beta-diol, dihydrotestosterone, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta diol, 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol, and estradiol in boys with idiopathic varicocele in different stages of puberty. AB - Serum testosterone (T), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17P), androstenedione (delta 4 dione), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), delta 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol (delta 5-diol), estradiol (E2), dihydrotestosterone (DHT),5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (3 alpha diol), and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol (3 beta diol) were measured in the peripheral and spermatic venous blood of 21 boys undergoing surgery for idiopathic left varicocele. The boys were divided into 3 groups according to their pubertal development: prepubertal (group 1 or P1; n = 8), pubertal stage 2 (group II or P2; n = 6), and pubertal stages 3-4 (group III or P3-4; n = 7). The testes of the prepubertal boys secreted T, 17P, DHA, delta 5 diol, DHT, and 3 alpha diol, but not delta 4-dione, E2, and 3 beta diol. In pubertal stage P2, the mean spermatic-peripheral secretory gradients of T, 17P, DHA, delta 5-diol, DHT, and 3 alpha diol were significantly higher than those in the prepubertal stage, and there was testicular secretion of delta 4-dione, E2, and 3 beta diol. In pubertal stage P3-4, the mean spermatic-peripheral secretory gradients of most of these steroids, even if increased, were not significantly different from those in stage P2 (with the exception of 17P, delta 5-diol, and DHA). We suggest that after the important modifications of testicular secretion occurring in pubertal stage P2, the testicular secretory pattern of the pubertal testis is similar to the pattern of the adult testis. We suggest also that these results, obtained in boys with idiopathic varicocele, can probably be extended to the secretory activity of the testes of normal pubertal boys. PMID- 3159748 TI - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in man. XIII. Characterization of the T-T autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - In this study we have demonstrated that in the T-TA autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), OKT4+ T cells are the major responders; however, in the presence of additional interleukin-2 (IL-2), OKT8+ T cells also respond by proliferation. Both OKT4+ and OKT8+ T cells, activated in the T-non-T AMLR, act as stimulators in the T-TA AMLR. OKT4+ T cells activated in the T-TA AMLR suppress the proliferative response of the fresh T-non-T AMLR; control OKT4+ cells show no immunoregulatory activity in this system. In contrast, control OKT8+ T cells spontaneously suppress the proliferation of the T-non-T AMLR, but activation of OKT8+ T cells in the T-TA AMLR does not result in a further increase in the suppressor activity of OKT8+ T cells. In summary, in the T-non-T and T-TA AMLR phenotypically similar T-cell subpopulations proliferate but express distinct immunoregulatory functions and perhaps regulate the tempo of the AMLR. PMID- 3159749 TI - Ciprofloxacin disk susceptibility tests: interpretive zone size standards for 5 microgram disks. AB - Evaluations of 5-microgram ciprofloxacin disk diffusion susceptibility tests were performed independently by seven different investigators. The results of the separate tests were combined to increase the number of resistant strains in the challenge set of microorganisms. Based on data with 2,652 isolates, the following interpretive breakpoints are tentatively proposed for use in ongoing clinical trials of ciprofloxacin: less than or equal to 15 mm, resistant (MIC greater than 2.0 micrograms/ml); 16 to 20 mm, intermediate (1.0 less than MIC less than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml); and greater than or equal to 21 mm, susceptible (MIC less than or equal to 1.0 micrograms/ml). Disk tests with Streptococcus spp. and with Pseudomonas maltophilia were not reliable; other microorganisms were accurately categorized by the disk diffusion test. PMID- 3159750 TI - Dual effect of filamin on actomyosin ATPase activity. AB - Filamin binds to F-actin and influences the myosin-actin interaction. At relatively low concentrations, filamin activates actomyosin Mg2+-ATPase, whereas higher concentrations of filamin exert an inhibitory effect. Activation of ATPase activity occurs under conditions where a loose meshwork of actin filaments is present and inhibition is associated with the appearance of closely apposed bundles of actin filaments. Maximum activation (about fourfold) of actomyosin ATPase activity by filamin occurs between 30 and 65 mM KCl, at pH 6.5, and at temperatures not less than 30 degrees C. ATPase activation requires higher concentrations of filamin in the presence than in the absence of tropomyosin. Filamin does not activate Mg2+-ATPase activity of acto-subfragment-1 and has only a slight effect on the Mg2+-ATPase of acto-heavy meromyosin, but it inhibits the activity of both these systems under conditions similar to those that inhibit actomyosin ATPase activity. PMID- 3159751 TI - The effect of MgATP on forming and breaking actin-myosin linkages in contracted skinned insect flight muscle fibres. AB - At neutral pH, fully Ca2+ -activated glycerinated dorsal longitudinal fibre bundles from Lethocerus indicus contract under isometric conditions and respond to release by deactivation, i.e. quick release causes a delayed tension fall. At slightly alkaline pH, the release-induced deactivation becomes a transient phenomenon, i.e. a delayed tension fall is followed by a slow tension recovery. This enabled us to study the effect of MgATP concentration on the phases of deactivation and slow recovery. Reduction of the MgATP concentration slows down the tension response to a quick length change and increases the time constants of the delayed deactivation phase and of the slow recovery phase. The rate constants depend on the ATP concentration according to the Michaelis-Menten law yielding apparent dissociation constants (Km) of 2 mM and 0.09 mM and maximal rate constants of 700 s-1 and 20 s-1 for the deactivation phase (crossbridge detachment) and slow recovery phase (crossbridge reattachment) respectively. The rate of MgATP hydrolysis is also hyperbolically related to the MgATP concentration (Km = 0.14 mM, maximal MgATP turnover rate 1.2 s-1. It is concluded that the effect of MgATP on the deactivation phase, in which crossbridges dissociate strain dependent from the actin, is controlled by at least two mechanisms: (1) fast equilibrium transitions within attached crossbridge states which augment MgATP dissociation from crossbridges with discharged elastic elements; and (2) a crossbridge strain-dependent isomerization of the ternary actin-myosin-MgATP complex which determines crossbridge detachment from the actin. PMID- 3159752 TI - A circulating inhibitor of fluid-phase amplification. C3 convertase formation in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF) was used to assess the formation of the fluid-phase amplification convertase, C3b,Bb, in 37 serum specimens from 24 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). C3b,Bb formation was measured by the concentration of Ba, released when C3b,B is activated. Incubation of normal human serum (NHS) with C3NeF accelerates C3b amplification loop turnover with the formation of large quantities of C3b,Bb. In contrast, sera from 22 of 24 patients with SLE formed little or no convertase when incubated with C3NeF. C3 conversion to C3b was commensurately reduced. The inhibition could not be attributed to depressed serum concentrations of C3, factor B, or classical pathway components. Inhibitor present in excess could be demonstrated in 23 of 34 specimens of SLE serum by mixing experiments. The spontaneous convertase formation that occurs when a portion of the serum H is inactivated with F(ab')2 anti-H was also shown to be inhibited in SLE serum. The inhibition was found, however, to be H dependent in that convertase formation was normal in SLE serum depleted of H. It is concluded that the C3b in most SLE sera is unusually susceptible to inactivation by H, but a functional abnormality was not demonstrable in either C3 or H isolated from SLE serum. The inhibition could be simulated in NHS by addition of heparin, 100 micrograms/ml. In vivo, inhibition of convertase formation could interfere with the solubilization and disposal of immune complexes by reducing the deposition of C3b on the immune complex lattice. PMID- 3159753 TI - Antibody-mediated killing of suppressor T lymphocytes as a possible cause of macroglobulinemia in the tropical splenomegaly syndrome. AB - To investigate the pathogenesis of macroglobulinemia in the tropical splenomegaly syndrome (TSS), we assessed the functional activity of B lymphocytes and T cell subsets in a pokeweed mitogen-driven assay of immunoglobulin synthesis. Mononuclear cells from patients with TSS produced more IgM than cells from village or from distant controls. This appeared to result from a decrease in the number and/or activity of suppressor T cells of the T8+ phenotype. The lack of functional suppressor T lymphocytes was associated with the presence in sera from patients with TSS of IgM antibodies that specifically killed T8+, 9.3-, 60.1+ T cells from normal donors. These results support the hypothesis that macroglobulinemia in TSS results from defective immunoregulatory control of B cell function, and that this may be caused by lysis of suppressor T cells by specific lymphocytotoxic antibodies produced by patients with this syndrome. PMID- 3159754 TI - A human T cell lymphoma secreting an immunoglobulin E specific helper factor. AB - An 8-yr-old nonallergic girl with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma had markedly elevated serum IgE at presentation (greater than 10,000 IU/ml), negative skin tests to a battery of 24 common allergens, and no evidence of parasitic infestation. Serum levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM were normal. Remission after cytotoxic chemotherapy was accompanied by a marked reduction in serum IgE levels (to less than 200 IU/ml) with no change in the level of serum IgG, IgM, or IgA. Recurrence of the lymphoma 7 mo after remission was accompanied by an isotype specific rise in serum IgE (to 3,850 IU/ml). Isoelectric focusing revealed that the IgE was polyclonal. Phenotypic analysis of the lymphoma obtained during relapse revealed all (greater than 98%) cells to be T3+, T4+, and T8+. Incubation of lymphoma cells with human myeloma IgE followed by immunosorbent purified fluorescein tagged goat anti-human IgE (anti-IgE PS-adsorbed over IgE ADZ) stained 25% of the cells. In contrast, less than 1% of the cells were stained after incubation with human IgG followed by fluorescein conjugated goat anti-human IgE. Supernatants from lymphoma cells (5 X 10(6)/ml, 48 h) enhanced IgE production in B cells derived from four patients with allergic rhinitis (mean +/- SD picograms per milliliter of net IgE 930 +/- 320 in unstimulated cultures versus 2,450 +/- 650 in cultures stimulated with lymphoma supernatants; P less than 0.01) but did not induce IgE synthesis in B cells from two normal subjects that synthesized no IgE spontaneously. Lymphoma supernatants failed to enhance IgG synthesis by B cells of both allergic and nonallergic subjects. These results indicate that a T cell lymphoma comprised of cells bearing Fc receptors for IgE with a phenotype characteristic of immature T cells (i.e., T3+, T4+, T8+) exhibited IgE specific helper function. This lymphoma may represent the monoclonal expansion of a subpopulation of IgE specific helper T cells. PMID- 3159755 TI - Adoptive transfer of suppression of arthritis in the mouse model of collagen induced arthritis. Evidence for a type II collagen-specific suppressor T cell. AB - This study details the suppressive mechanism involved in the antigen-specific suppression of collagen-induced arthritis. Intravenous injection of 500 micrograms of soluble native type II collagen 3 d before immunization with native type II collagen emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant resulted in animals with decreased in vitro cellular and humoral immune response to native and denatured type II collagen compared with control groups. Control groups were composed of animals preinoculated with saline and type I collagen and established the antigen-specific nature of the observed suppression. Mice with reduced immune responses to type II collagen also were observed to portray little or no erythema and edema associated with collagen-induced arthritis. Adoptive transfer experiments established the requirement of T cells for the suppression of collagen-induced arthritis. Analysis of the phenotype of responding splenic cells in chronic immunotherapeutically suppressed mice in vitro revealed that responding cells were Ly1-2+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) T cells. On the other hand, the cellular phenotype of T cells responding to type II collagen in nonsuppressed collagen-induced arthritic mice was Ly1+2- (helper/inducer T cells). The data indicate that type II collagen-specific T cells are generated on intravenous inoculation of soluble native type II collagen. These cells are observed in type II collagen-immune animals, which are nonarthritic and portray reduced humoral and in vitro cellular immune response to type II collagen. This study suggests that specific suppression of immune responses to type II collagen by T-suppressor cells can be immunotherapeutic in certain forms of arthritis. PMID- 3159758 TI - Matching prosodic and sound features: performance of Down's syndrome preschoolers. AB - Eight Down's Syndrome children between the ages of 2.2 and 3.75 yr (X = 2.73) participated in a study designed to determine if children with intellectual and language delay would show any consistent patterns in their imitations of adult vocalizations that were systematically varied in pitch, duration, and loudness. This performance was compared with the learner's proficiency in imitating speech sounds. Results yielded no overall relationship between learners' performance in the prosodic task and performance in the task using speech sounds as stimuli. All children matched at least some of the prosodic features examined. However, no particular prosodic features appeared more likely than others to be imitated. Results are discussed in terms of intersubject variability and the possible use of prosodic features as imitative stimuli in the early components of a communication interaction strategy. PMID- 3159756 TI - Prevention of autoantibody formation and prolonged survival in New Zealand black/New Zealand white F1 mice fed dehydroisoandrosterone. AB - Dehydroisoandrosterone, administered orally to New Zealand Black/New Zealand White F1 hybrid mice, prevented the formation of antibodies to double-stranded DNA and prolonged survival in this murine model of lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3159757 TI - Light chains in Mediterranean lymphoma. AB - Four cases of Mediterranean lymphoma, in two of which serum alpha chains had been identified, were investigated with immunohistochemical techniques. In addition to alpha chains of alpha 1, subclass, monotypic light chains were identified in infiltrating tumour cells in all four patients and in plasma cells in two. The pattern of staining was in keeping with loss of light chain occurring with plasma cell differentiation and strongly suggested that the plasma cells and tumour cells shared a common clonal origin. In two patients concentrations of dendritic reticulum cells were identified in the tumour. These results support the suggestion that Mediterranean lymphoma is a tumour of follicle centre cells which undergoes plasma cell differentiation as a result of exposure to lumenal antigen. PMID- 3159759 TI - Double-blind treatment of seborrheic dermatitis with 2% ketoconazole cream. AB - Thirty-seven patients with seborrheic dermatitis were treated topically with a 2% ketoconazole cream or its vehicle control in a double-blind study. The subjects were studied for numbers of Malassezia ovalis (Pityrosporum ovale) cells in their scalp scale; changes in numbers of yeast cells and morphology of M. ovalis were tabulated along with clinical assessment of improvement. The 2% ketoconazole cream, but not the placebo cream, reduced the numbers of viable yeast cells on the scalp. The clinical effect of 2% ketoconazole cream was good (75%-95% improvement) or better in eighteen of twenty subjects; the placebo cream produced good results in only three of seventeen subjects treated. Results of this study are consistent with the view that M. ovalis plays a central role in the pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis. PMID- 3159760 TI - Plaquenil-induced erythroderma. AB - A patient who developed exfoliative erythroderma 11 days after the initiation of hydroxychloroquine treatment for psoriatic arthritis is presented. Our experience with her and the continued controversy regarding the incidence of adverse reactions in psoriatic patients to antimalarials prompted a detailed review of the literature. We conclude that the use of antimalarials in patients with psoriasis is associated with a high incidence of severe cutaneous adverse reactions. These medications should not be used in psoriatic patients if other less toxic, effective therapies are available. PMID- 3159761 TI - Cutaneous reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A review. AB - The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are one of the most commonly prescribed classes of drugs used in medical practice. This review discusses the diverse cutaneous reactions associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Adverse cutaneous reactions occur most frequently with benoxaprofen, piroxicam, sulindac, meclofenamate sodium, zomepirac sodium, and phenylbutazone. The most serious adverse cutaneous reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, appear to be most often associated with sulindac and phenylbutazone. Tolmetin and zomepirac sodium, two structurally similar pyrrole derivatives, have been associated with a disproportionate number of cases of anaphylactoid reactions. Among the currently marketed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, piroxicam appears to have the highest rate of phototoxic reactions. This phototoxic eruption is most often vesiculobullous. PMID- 3159762 TI - Multiple granulation tissue lesions occurring in isotretinoin treatment of acne vulgaris--successful response to topical corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 3159763 TI - Are there age and racial differences to methyl nicotinate-induced vasodilatation in human skin? AB - Preliminary experiments have been performed to determine whether there are age and racial differences in the response of human skin to the topically applied vasodilator methyl nicotinate. With the use of a constant stimulus (a 15-second exposure to a 100 mM aqueous solution of drug), the subsequent time-course of the vasodilatation response was followed noninvasively and objectively with the optical technics of laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and photoplethysmography (PPG). Three groups of subjects were considered: young white subjects (20 to 30 years of age), elderly white subjects (63 to 80 years old), and young black subjects (20 to 30 years old). Analysis of the results shows that the time to peak response, the area under the response-time curve, and the time for the response to decay to 75% of its maximum value are statistically indistinguishable for all three groups at the p = 0.05 level of significance. Only the magnitude of the peak response revealed some significant differences between the cohorts (young greater than black, determined by PPG; young greater than old, determined by LDV). The data suggest, therefore, a remarkable similarity in response across a wide range of skin types. The origin of this consistency may, however, be complex and is not revealed by these experiments. PMID- 3159764 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with keratoderma of the palms and soles. AB - A family is described who had epidermolysis bullosa (EB) simplex (Koebner) associated with keratoderma of the palms and soles. This association has been infrequently reported in the literature. The keratoderma appears to have a protective effect as these patients developed few palmar and plantar blisters in the area of the keratoderma. EB simplex (Koebner) with keratoderma appears to be a distinct syndrome, but the simultaneous occurrence of two dominantly inherited traits cannot be excluded. PMID- 3159765 TI - Dermatologic therapy: December 1983 through November 1984. PMID- 3159766 TI - Quantification of beta-casein in human milk. AB - A method is described for preparing immunologically homogeneous human milk beta casein, against which monospecific rabbit antiserum was prepared. The antiserum was used to quantify beta-casein, the major human casein, by rocket immunoelectrophoresis in individual milk samples. However, it was found that in most samples beta-casein occurred together with degradation products originating from its proteolysis by plasmin. Immunological quantification of human beta casein, treated with plasmin for various time periods, showed that rocket height was not affected by proteolysis up to degradation states clearly more advanced than those observed in all samples of fresh human milk tested. Assays of 150 individual milk samples from 80 women, covering a lactation period of up to 730 d, gave an average concentration of beta-casein (native + degraded) of 4.67 +/- 0.89 standard deviation (g/l); extremes at 2.1 and 7.3 g/l did not vary significantly during the period under study. Comparison of this average value with an accepted casein content of 4.4 g/l (Macy & Kelly, 1961) showed that the casein content of human milk is underestimated when obtained by N determinations on milk and on its supernatants at pH 4.6 (whey). Caseins other than beta-casein occurred only in minute amounts, if at all. PMID- 3159767 TI - Assessment of stress-related psychophysiological reactions in chronic back pain patients. PMID- 3159768 TI - Semi-fixed appliance to treat injurious lip habit: report of case. AB - This semi-fixed appliance permits proper oral hygiene and intermittent use of the appliance. Lip-biting is often a cyclic problem, thus a semi-fixed appliance may be reinserted by the dentist as needed. PMID- 3159769 TI - Oral health status in the United States: problems of special patients. PMID- 3159770 TI - Oral health status in the United States: implications for dental education. PMID- 3159771 TI - Management of dermatitis due to surgical gloves. AB - Chronic hand dermatitis in surgeons may be produced or made worse by the use of certain rubber gloves. The allergens in rubber gloves are usually mercaptobenzothiazole or tetramethylthiuram. The Elastyren Glove, which is free of such rubber chemicals, is usually well tolerated by surgeons with hand dermatitis due to rubber. PMID- 3159772 TI - Dermabrasion for the treatment of a giant seborrheic keratosis. AB - A man presented for removal of a giant seborrheic keratosis. Dermabrasion removal of this lesion provided technical ease with good cosmetic results. PMID- 3159773 TI - Psychological disturbance in children with physical disabilities: continuity and change in a 5-year follow-up. AB - This study measures continuity in behavioral disturbance over a 5-year period among 255 children with physical disabilities who were 6 to 18 years old at first assessment. The pattern of the results differed from that reported previously for a sample of the general population of children. Disabled children showed little stability in aggression, an area in which stability over time had been consistently reported for the general child population. Furthermore, important differences were observed between children with cystic fibrosis and children with cerebral palsy, myelodysplasia, or multiple physical handicaps, all conditions involving brain abnormality. Children with cystic fibrosis followed the trend toward better adjustment seen among the general population of children. In contrast, among children with conditions involving the brain, the majority of those who had been classified as psychologically severely impaired remained at this level of impairment 5 years later. In two behavioral domains, Mentation Problems and Isolation, children with conditions involving the brain maintained, on the average, the same markedly high score they had initially. Among children with physical conditions involving the brain, Mentation Problems and Isolation signify persistent problems that do not subside as the children mature. PMID- 3159776 TI - Correct posture works wonders. PMID- 3159775 TI - Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3159774 TI - Classification of children's behavior problems: clinical and quantitative approaches. AB - Children diagnosed Conduct Disorder, Attention Deficit Disorder, or Anxiety Disorder by DSM-III criteria were compared to contrast groups of Physically Disabled and Normal children using the Conners Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS). Discriminant function analyses of the CTRS ratings yielded accurate classification (67% correct) only when Conduct was combined with Attention Deficit and Normals were combined with Physically Disabled. The teacher raters seemed to be describing the children as behaviorally disordered with and without hyperactivity. The data also suggest that Attention Deficit Disorder is part of a broader Conduct Problems dimension. PMID- 3159777 TI - Three-year evaluation of sealant: effect of isolation on efficacy. AB - This study analyzes the clinical effectiveness of a sealant (Delton) and its requirements for retreatment to maintain the optimum protection from pit and fissure caries. One hundred paired occlusal surfaces were treated in 29 patients. Two contralateral, partially erupted, noncarious molars with deep occlusal fissures were randomly selected to receive a sealant; one had a rubber dam and the other, cotton rolls for isolation. Each tooth received a prophylaxis with a rubber cup and a pumice slurry. The dryness of the field was evaluated. Each tooth was etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 60 seconds, rinsed for 15 seconds, and dried for 30 seconds. Sealant (Delton Tinted) was applied with a syringe according to manufacturer's instructions. Sealants were evaluated and reapplied where indicated at 6-month intervals. The average 6-month retention rate over 36 months was 95%, regardless of the method of isolation used when the sealant was applied initially. No tooth under treatment with a sealant became carious. The retreatment rate was highest at baseline (8%) and at 6 months (11.3%). Of the total number of retreated sealants, 61% were from the mandibular arch. During the 36 months of this study, 31% of the treated teeth required at least one retreatment. PMID- 3159778 TI - Dental management of a patient with glycogen storage disease type I. AB - Patients with glycogen storage disease type I (GSD I) have varied medical problems, including a bleeding diathesis characterized by a prolonged bleeding time. A case of a patient with GSD I having a history of medical problems, some of which were related to oral and dental bleeding, was presented. The patient was cariesfree and had generalized moderate to severe periodontal breakdown. A treatment regimen in a hospital setting, using cryoprecipitate and aminocaproic acid, permitted dental care and control of oral bleeding and associated complications. PMID- 3159779 TI - Prognostic significance of normal quantitative planar thallium-201 stress scintigraphy in patients with chest pain. AB - The prognostic significance of normal quantitative planar thallium-201 stress scintigraphy was evaluated in patients with a chest pain syndrome. The prevalence of cardiac events during follow-up was related to the pretest (that is, before stress scintigraphy) likelihood of coronary artery disease determined on the basis of symptoms, age, sex and stress electrocardiography. In a consecutive series of 344 patients who had adequate thallium-201 stress scintigrams, 95 had unequivocally normal studies by quantitative analysis. The pretest likelihood of coronary artery disease in the 95 patients had a bimodal distribution. During a mean follow-up period of 22 +/- 3 months, no patient died. Three patients (3%) had a cardiac event: two of these patients (pretest likelihood of coronary artery disease 54 and 94%) had a nonfatal myocardial infarction 8 and 22 months, respectively, after stress scintigraphy, and one patient (pretest likelihood 98%) underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty 16 months after stress scintigraphy for persisting anginal complaints. Three patients were lost to follow-up; all three had a low pretest likelihood of coronary artery disease. It is concluded that patients with chest pain and normal findings on quantitative thallium-201 scintigraphy have an excellent prognosis. Cardiac events are rare (infarction rate 1% per year) and occur in patients with a moderate to high pretest likelihood of coronary artery disease. PMID- 3159780 TI - "Ischemia at a distance" during intermittent coronary artery occlusion: a coronary anatomic explanation. AB - The mechanism of electrocardiographic ST segment changes during acute coronary occlusion was evaluated in 28 consecutive patients with single vessel coronary artery disease undergoing coronary angioplasty. Patients were continuously monitored with a six lead electrocardiogram. Twenty-three patients showed ST changes in the primary zone of occlusion, and 13 of these had additional ST changes in a remote zone. Ten of these 13 had unusually extensive arteries supplying the remote zone. The balloon occluded two adjacent normal arteries in two patients, and no coronary anatomic explanation was evident in one patient. Ten patients with striking primary zone ST changes showed no remote change. Seven had nonextensive primary zone arteries, and three others had abundant collateral vessels. Five patients showed no electrocardiographic changes in primary or remote zones. Four had collateral vessels, and one had left ventricular hypertrophy on the baseline electrocardiogram. It was concluded that remote electrocardiographic changes are probably due to occlusion of unusually extensive coronary arteries and are not simply reciprocal. PMID- 3159781 TI - Dopamine: its potential for inducing ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. AB - As an agent potentially capable of inducing ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease, dopamine administered intravenously was evaluated as a pharmacologic stress agent by supine radionuclide angiography, and the results were compared with ergometer exercise. In a preliminary group of 11 subjects (4 normal subjects and 7 patients with coronary disease), dopamine alone was administered in increments of 2.5 micrograms/kg per min to a maximum of 15 micrograms/kg per min. There were significant differences between exercise and dopamine in maximal stress heart rates, 129.3 +/- 30.0 versus 88.0 +/- 35.8 beats/min (p less than 0.05) in normal subjects and 118.9 +/- 21.1 versus 87.6 +/ 22.6 beats/min (p less than 0.05) in patients with coronary disease, as well as in maximal stress rate-pressure products, 213.3 +/- 51.4 versus 155.0 +/- 52.5 mm Hg/min X 10(2) (p less than 0.02) in normal subjects and 216.0 +/- 45.6 versus 161.0 +/- 48.6 mm Hg/min X 10(2) (p less than 0.003) in patients with coronary disease. As a result, in these patients the ejection fraction response was significantly different: -3.3 +/- 4.5% with exercise versus + 6.3 +/- 4.6% with dopamine (p less than 0.05). In a second group of 41 subjects (9 normal subjects and 32 patients with coronary disease), atropine (0.6 mg) was administered intravenously before and after every second dopamine dose increment. This produced statistically similar maximal stress heart rates as compared with exercise in all subjects, rate-pressure products in normal subjects and slightly higher values with dopamine in patients with coronary disease: 200.3 +/- 47.2 versus 183.1 +/- 43.0 (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3159782 TI - Atopy in infancy and early childhood: natural history and role of skin testing. PMID- 3159783 TI - The effect of histamine receptor antagonists on specific and nonspecific suppression of experimental contact sensitivity. AB - We studied the effects of H1 and H2 histamine receptor antagonists on down regulation of contact sensitivity (CS) to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). Two H2 receptor antagonists, cimetidine and ranitidine, reversed the nonspecific immunosuppression of CS induced by burns. On the other hand, these two drugs did not affect the antigen-specific suppressor T cell-mediated tolerance to DNFB induced by dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Two H1 antagonists did not affect the down regulation of CS induced by either tolerance or burning. The differential sensitivities to histamine 2-receptor antagonists indicate that the mechanisms for nonspecific burn-induced immunosuppression are different from those for hapten-specific tolerance to DNFB. PMID- 3159784 TI - Longitudinal analysis of functional disabilities in older men. AB - This study examined the prevalence of functional disabilities in a representative sample of older American men. Longitudinal changes in various disabilities and the effects of such changes on self-appraised health, normal role function, mobility and self-sufficiency in personal care were analyzed. The relationship between disabilities and survivorship was also investigated. The analysis showed that sizable percentages of men report motor-sensory dysfunctions, with blacks experiencing higher prevalence rates than whites. The risk of functional disablement rises with age and increases the likelihood of reporting unfavorable health outcomes or handicaps. There is also some evidence that functional capacities are restored and that these changes lead to more favorable health outcomes. The analysis showed finally that functional disabilities are strong predictors of mortality. PMID- 3159785 TI - [Celioscopic salpingectomy. Apropos of 31 cases]. AB - In this article we describe our experience with the first cases on which we have carried out laparoscopic salpingectomy. We have done this in 31 cases for, in 25 cases, tubal pregnancy and, in 6 cases hydrosalpinx. We describe the technique and results. The laparoscopic technique seemed to us to be especially indicated in cases of ectopic pregnancy when the decision to carry out salpingectomy was taken particularly when it was a second pregnancy in the same tube, or when the pregnancy occurred in a pathological tube or had already been operated on or where the tubal pregnancy had burst. It is also, whatever the reason for the salpingectomy, an alternative treatment of choice in the sterile woman who wants later to have IVF because it is less likely to cause parietal and pelvic adhesions. PMID- 3159786 TI - [Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate: clinical and metabolic effects (lipids, glucose, hemostasis)]. AB - Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), a potent progestagen, is used as a very efficient contraceptive agent. The method of administration is by a threemonthly or sixmonthly intramuscular injection. The method is particularly convenient when the desired number of children has been reached. Fertility is sometimes reestablished only slowly after stopping the injections. The main side effects are linked to endometrial atrophy (blood loss, amenorrhoea). Other side effects are infrequent and subjective. A controversy has risen over the product, by reference to its effects on beagle dogs. We have reviewed the literature. We also present the characteristics of 313 patients treated during (all together) 8,000 months. These patients belong to a rather poor sample of the population (amongst them many immigrant women), aged about 30, with above average pregnancy and parity rates. We also studied, in 31 patients, serum levels of glucose and lipids, and haemostasis. Side effects and reasons for discontinuing the drug are reported. The Pearl index was 0,75% women-years. There was no average effect on weight, blood tension, glycemia. Triglycerides increased slightly, and there was a discreet activation of coagulation with inhibition of the fibrinolytic activity, but without clinical consequences. We conclude that we can go on prescribing the drug, in view of our study and after reviewing the literature. PMID- 3159788 TI - Preliminary characterization of human T cell suppressor factor (HTsF) isolated from tonsil cells by monoclonal antibody immunoadsorbence. AB - We have shown that a murine monoclonal antibody, B16G, recognizes a constant region determinant of a T cell suppressor factor (TsF) in DBA/2 mice. The molecule recognized by B16G was shown to be a heterodimer with a native m.w. in the region of 80,000. We now show that B16G also reacts with a similar molecule derived from human lymphoid tissue. Yields of about 100 micrograms could be obtained from the solubilized membranes and cytosol from about 10(10) tonsillar cells by elution of adsorbed materials from B16G immunoadsorbent columns. As with the murine system, the human TsF (HTsF) thus derived was capable of suppressing the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) of homologous effector T lymphocytes. However, this same material was not suppressive across the HL-A barrier, that is, when allogeneic effector cells were used in the MLR. Preliminary characterization of the HTsF showed it to have a native m.w. of 80,000 to 90,000 to be composed of a heterodimer with subunit m.w. in the region of 45,000 to 50,000, and to have an associated peptide of approximately 25,000. These observations provide evidence for the conserved nature of genes encoding TsF and correlate with observations of other investigators on the considerable homology between genes encoding the murine and human T cell receptor. PMID- 3159787 TI - Localization of laminin, type IV collagen, fibronectin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan in chick retinal pigment epithelium basement membrane during embryonic development. AB - Type IV collagen, laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and fibronectin were localized in the basement membrane (BM) of chick retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) during various stages of eye development. At different times over a 4-17 day period after fertilization, chick embryo eyes were dissected, fixed in periodate lysine-paraformaldehyde, and 6 micron frozen sections through the central regions of the eye were prepared. Sections were postfixed in -20 degrees C methanol and stained immediately by indirect immunofluorescence using sheep anti-mouse laminin, sheep antimouse type IV collagen, rabbit anti-mouse heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and mouse monoclonal anti-porcine plasma fibronectin. Fluorescein labeled F(ab')2 fragments of the appropriate immunoglobulins (IgGs) were used as secondary antibodies. Laminin could be readily demonstrated in the BM of the RPE during all stages of development. The staining for type IV collagen, fibronectin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan HSPG) was less intense than that for laminin, but was also localized in the BM along the basal side of the RPE. In addition to staining the BM, antiserum to HSPG, gave a diffuse labeling from day 9 onward, above the RPE extending into the region of the photoreceptors. Whereas the intensity of staining generally increased between day 4 and day 17 of development, the distribution of the different BM components did not change. Hence the presence of type IV collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and HSPG in the BM of RPE in vivo during all the stages of development investigated supports the concept that these macromolecules are important basic components of this, and other, BMs. Furthermore, these results indicate that the composition of the BM of RPE cells in vivo is similar to the BM material deposited by RPE cells in vitro (Turksen K, Aubin JE, Sodek JE, Kalnins VI: Collagen Rel Res, 4:413-426, 1984) and that the in vitro cultures can therefore serve as a useful model for studying BM formation. PMID- 3159789 TI - Two distinct class II molecules encoded by the genes within HLA-DR subregion of HLA-Dw2 and Dw12 can act as stimulating and restriction molecules. AB - By using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), we investigated the difference in the HLA class II molecule between HLA-Dw2 and Dw12, both of which are typed as HLA-DR2 serologically. The anti-HLA-DR framework monoclonal antibody (MoAb) HU-4 precipitated an alpha-chain and two beta-chains of human class II molecules from both Dw2 and Dw12 homozygous B lymphoblastoid cell lines. It was demonstrated clearly that an alpha-chain (alpha 1) and one of the beta-chains (beta 1) showed no difference in mobility in the 2D-PAGE between Dw2 and Dw12, but that another beta chain (beta 2) of Dw2 was distinct from that of Dw12 in the 2D-PAGE profile. Thus, MoAb HU-4 precipitated alpha 1 beta 1 and alpha 1 beta 2 molecules from Dw2 and Dw12, and the alpha 1 beta 1 molecule appears to be an HLA-DR2 molecule. The alpha 1 beta 2 molecule, on the other hand, is a class II molecule distinct from those precipitated with anti-DR2, anti DQw1 (DC1, MB1, MT1), or anti-FA MoAbs. MoAb HU-4 completely inhibited the mixed lymphocyte culture reaction (MLR) between Dw2 and Dw12, but anti-DR2 MoAb HU-30, which reacts only with the alpha 1 beta 1 molecule, did not show an inhibitory effect on the MLR between Dw2 and Dw12. The alpha 1 beta 2 molecule is therefore the molecule which elicits MLR between Dw2 and Dw12. An IL 2-dependent T cell line established from an HLA-Dw12/D blank heterozygous high responder to the streptococcal cell wall antigen (SCW) clearly distinguished the Dw2 specificity from Dw12 specificity expressed on the antigen-presenting cell (APC). Moreover, MoAb HU-4 markedly inhibited the cooperation between the T cell line and APC to respond to SCW. These observations indicate that the alpha 1 beta 2 molecule is recognized as a restriction molecule by the T cell line at the antigen presentation of SCW through APC MoAb HU-30 on the other hand partially inhibited the MLR between Dw2 or Dw12 homozygous cell as a stimulator cell and non DR2 cell as a responder cell. It markedly inhibited the proliferative response of the Dw12/D- heterozygous T cell line to SCW, presented by Dw2+ but Dw12- allogeneic APC, and the peripheral response of Dw2 or Dw12 homozygous peripheral blood lymphocytes to SCW. Thus, two distinct class II molecules encoded by the genes within the HLA-DR subregion of HLA-Dw2 and Dw12 can act as stimulating molecules in the MLR and as restriction molecules in the antigen presentation by APC. PMID- 3159790 TI - The interaction of murine IgG subclass proteins with human monocyte Fc receptors. AB - The use of murine monoclonal antibodies in the immunotherapy of human disease has prompted interest in the interactions of murine IgG with Fc receptors (FcR) expressed on human effector cells. We examined the heterocytophilic interactions between monomeric murine IgG subclass proteins and the FcR expressed on human monocytic cells (peripheral blood monocytes and interferon (IFN)-gamma-induced U937 cells). All four murine IgG2a antibodies and both murine IgG3 antibodies that were tested bound to human monocyte FcR with high affinity (10(8) to 10(9) M 1). By contrast, the affinities of four murine IgG1 and four IgG2b monomers were 100-fold to 1000-fold lower than the affinity of the human IgG1-FcR interaction. A 68,000 to 72,000 dalton protein was isolated by affinity chromatography from blood monocytes and from IFN-gamma-induced U937 cells on murine IgG2a, IgG3, and human IgG immunoadsorbents. In binding assays with IFN-stimulated U937 cells, murine IgG2a and IgG3 antibodies showed complete cross-blocking with a human IgG1 myeloma protein, indicating that murine and human IgG interact with the same population of Fc-binding proteins. No evidence for heterogeneity of cross reactive FcR was observed. The ability of murine IgG2a and IgG3 monomers to compete with human IgG1 monomers for binding to human monocyte FcR suggests the potential usefulness of antibodies of these isotypes in the immunotherapy of diseases in which monocyte- or macrophage-mediated, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity may play a role in the modification or remission of disease. PMID- 3159791 TI - Tumor-promoting phorbol esters induce rapid internalization of the C3b receptor via a cytoskeleton-dependent mechanism. AB - Plasma membrane expression as well as phagocytic capability of the C3b receptor (CR1) are under regulatory control. Phorbol esters are one class of agents which have been shown to influence both of these events. In this study, by using radiolabeled Fab fragments of a monoclonal anti-CR1 antibody to tag the receptor and acid elution of surface-bound Fab, we showed that both phorbol myristate acetate and phorbol dibutyrate induced internalization of the C3b receptor; this occurred in a dose- and time-dependent manner in the absence of occupancy of the receptor by ligand. This was shown to occur in neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. We also showed that phorbol esters enhanced CR1-dependent phagocytosis despite the presence of two-thirds fewer receptors present on the plasma membrane. However, fibronectin, another agent that influences phagocytosis, had no effect on receptor internalization. Phorbol ester internalization was temperature-dependent and was inhibitable by cytochalasins B and D. Inhibition of internalization was reversible when cytochalasin B was removed. Phorbol esters also induced increased detergent insolubility of CR1 with kinetics similar to those of receptor internalization. It is possible that association of CR1 with the cytoskeleton is important to the process of "activation" of CR1 in phagocytosis. PMID- 3159793 TI - The helper and suppressor functions of primate T cells elicited by a 185K streptococcal antigen, as compared with the helper function elicited by a 4K streptococcal antigen. AB - Helper and suppressor functions of human T lymphocytes that act on antibody forming B cells were elicited by a large 185K streptococcal cell wall antigen. However, a small 4K streptococcal peptide elicited helper but no suppressor function. These differences in the functional activities of the large and small m.w. streptococcal antigens (SA) were confirmed by direct immunisation of rhesus monkeys with the 185K-SA and 4K-SA. Sequential studies have shown that whereas the 185K-SA elicits dose-dependent helper and suppressor activities, the 4K-SA elicits only helper function. Cell-depletion studies with human cells suggest that removal of T8+ cells by killing with OK.T8 and complement leads to a loss of suppressor and a broadening in the concentration of 185K-SA, which elicits helper activity. Because the 4K-SA does not elicit suppression, removal of T8+ cells does not affect this function. However, similar depletion of T4+ cells results in loss of the helper activities, both with the 185K-SA and 4K-SA, and again a broadening in the concentration of the 185K-SA, which elicits suppression. Direct comparison by autoradiography between 125I-labeled 185K-SA and 4K-SA suggests that both antigens can bind directly to monocytes or T8+ VV+ cells. Furthermore, both antigens can induce helper function if T4+ cells are reconstituted with either monocytes or T8+ VV+ cells. Attempts will now be made to sequence the amino acid determinants of the 185K-SA, so as to define the epitopes responsible for the two major regulating functions elicited by this antigen. PMID- 3159792 TI - Calcium requirements for increased complement receptor expression during neutrophil activation. AB - It has recently been shown that human neutrophils rapidly increase surface expression of membrane receptors for C3b (CR1) and C3bi (CR3) in response to chemoattractants and other stimuli. In the present studies, we used monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry to assess the role of Ca2+ in this process. Stimulation with ionophore A23187 in the presence of 1.2 mM Ca2+ increased CR1 330% and CR3 650% compared with unstimulated cells at 37 degrees C. Because this indicated that increasing the cytosolic free Ca2+ caused increased receptor expression, we examined the role of Ca2+ in the response to other stimuli as well. Adding 1.2 mM Ca2+ or 5 mM EDTA to the media in which the polymorphonuclear leukocytes were suspended had no effect on the CR1 response to f-MLP or LTB4, whereas Ca2+ slightly enhanced and EDTA markedly inhibited the CR3 response to these stimuli. The effects of Mg2+-EGTA and EDTA were identical. TMB-8 (200 microM), which inhibits the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores, completely blocked the increased expression of both receptors induced by fMLP or LTB4. Increased expression of both receptors was also prevented by the calmodulin antagonists chlorpromazine (50 microM) and trifluoperazine (10 microM), but not by chlorpromazine sulfoxide. Phorbol myristate acetate (0.1 ng/ml) increased CR1 230% and CR3 265%. Again Ca2+ and EDTA did not alter the CR1 response, whereas Ca2+ increased CR3 to 287% and EDTA reduced CR3 to 187% of control. TMB-8 (250 microM) completely blocked both CR1 and CR3 responses to this stimulus as well. Thus, release of intracellular Ca2+ is necessary and sufficient for increased CR1 expression in response to diverse stimuli, but maximal increases in CR3 expression require an additional influx of extracellular Ca2+. These results indicate that the mechanisms by which the surface expression of the two different complement receptors increase are different in their requirements for extracellular Ca2+. In comparison with the work of others, we suggest that the processes of increased complement receptor expression and secretion of granular enzymes may also differ. PMID- 3159794 TI - The role of suppressor T cells in BCNU-mediated rejection of a syngeneic tumor. AB - The present investigation was initiated to determine the mechanism by which 1,3 bis(2-chloro-ethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) treatment of tumor-bearing mice results in a high percentage of surviving mice which are resistant to subsequent homologous tumor challenge. Spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice bearing the syngeneic LSA ascites tumor failed to demonstrate significant tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity when stimulated in vitro with irradiated tumor cells. This lack of CTL activity correlated with the presence and high activity of two types of CTL-regulatory suppressor T cells (Ts), tumor-specific Thy-1+, Lyt-1-2+ and tumor-nonspecific Thy-1+, Lyt-1+2+ cells, as demonstrated by a double positive selection technique. In contrast, spleen cells from BCNU-treated tumor bearing mice generated high tumor-specific CTL activity when stimulated in vitro with irradiated tumor cells. This CTL activity correlated with the lack of demonstrable tumor-specific Ts and greatly diminished tumor-nonspecific Ts activity. The tumor-specific helper activity of Thy-1+, Lyt-1+,2- cells was found to be similar in both BCNU-treated and untreated tumor-bearing mice. BCNU-treated mice that survived a primary LSA tumor challenge (referred to as BCNU-cured mice) resisted subsequent challenge with the homologous (LSA) but not with a heterologous syngeneic tumor (EL-4). However, rejection of a secondary challenge with LSA tumor by BCNU-cured mice was inhibited by adoptive transfer of spleen cells from either normal mice or mice bearing LSA tumors. Furthermore, LSA tumor cells that failed to evoke tumor-specific CTL activity in normal mice could induce high CTL activity in BCNU-cured mice. The present study suggests that, in addition to its direct tumoricidal activity, BCNU inhibits the induction of tumor specific Ts, thereby explaining why a high percentage of mice survive a primary syngeneic tumor challenge after treatment with BCNU, and also resist subsequent rechallenge with the homologous tumor. PMID- 3159796 TI - Undiminished immunologic tolerance to contact sensitivity in mast cell-deficient W/Wv and Sl/Sld mice. AB - Several mast cell-derived mediators, when tested individually, have actions that may be considered immunosuppressive or anti-inflammatory. Yet evidence concerning the importance of mast cells to the down regulation of T cell-dependent immune responses in vivo is scanty and contradictory. To test directly the net contribution of intact mast cells to the suppression of delayed hypersensitivity reactions in vivo, we attempted to elicit tolerance to contact sensitivity in W/Wv or Sl/Sld mast cell-deficient mice, and compared their responses with those of littermate control mice with normal numbers of mast cells. By using three different measures of delayed hypersensitivity (ear swelling, weight ratios of challenged and control ears, and 125I-IUDR-labeled leukocyte infiltration into challenged and control ears), we detected no deficiency in the 24 hr contact sensitivity reactions to DNFB in control (nontolerized) W/Wv or Sl/Sld mice. We thus confirmed previous work indicating that mast cells are not essential for the induction and elicitation of delayed hypersensitivity. Furthermore, mast cell deficient and control mice developed equivalent levels of tolerance to contact sensitivity. This was true for tolerance induced by DNBS administered i.v. 7 days before epicutaneous sensitization with DNFB, and for tolerance induced by supraoptimal sensitization with DNFB. W/Wv and Sl/Sld mice also served as suitable donors and recipients for putative suppressor T cells (Ts) induced by i.v. DNBS. We conclude that mast cells make little or no contribution to the modulation of Ts activity in two different models of Ts-dependent tolerance to contact sensitivity. PMID- 3159795 TI - sIgD- and sIgD+ B cells responding to thymus-independent antigens have a different lymphokine requirement. PMID- 3159797 TI - Tolerance to azobenzenearsonate: idiotype-specific suppression, B cell dominance, and clonal elimination. AB - Twenty to 70% of the antibody molecules produced by individual A/J mice in response to azobenzenearsonate (ABA) bear a particular idiotype termed the major cross-reactive idiotype (CRI). Mice that were made tolerant to ABA by injection of ABA coupled to human gamma-globulin show a decrease in production of ABA specific antibody and a preferential loss of the major CRI. In the experiments reported here, we have used adoptive cell transfers and splenic fragment culture assays to study the mechanism(s) involved in the tolerance to ABA, with emphasis on the preferential loss of the CRI. These studies show that the decrease in total anti-ABA after the induction of tolerance is the result of a decrease in the number of ABA-responsive B cells independent of CRI expression. The preferential loss of the CRI is due to idiotype-specific T cell suppression and/or B cell dominance. In addition, it is demonstrated that immunization in the presence of idiotype-specific suppression converts a normally immunogenic stimulus into a tolerogenic signal, resulting in a decrease in the absolute number of CRI+ B cell precursors. PMID- 3159798 TI - Modes of cell:cell communication in the immune system. AB - Different cell types in the immune system appear to mediate their effects by markedly different means. B lymphocytes couple information for specificity with information for function in a single long-range molecule, antibody. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted T cells, which we have analyzed in detail, appear to recognize antigen only on the surface of cells bearing the appropriate MHC gene product. This interaction provokes the T cell to release short-range, non-antigen-specific mediators (lymphokines) that preferentially act on the target cell bearing the antigen and stimulating the T cell. Regulatory T cells appear to make antigen-specific long-range molecules that, like antibody, combine specificity with information for function. However, unlike antibody molecules, these regulatory T cell products display recognition for particular target cells in the form of genetic restrictions. These behaviors are compared to strategies of cell:cell communication in the nervous system. PMID- 3159799 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations do not alter during blood storage at 4 degrees C. AB - Recent articles have suggested that lymphocyte subpopulations, as determined by monoclonal antibodies, alter during overnight storage of whole blood at 4 degrees C. In contrast, we report here that the expression of lymphocyte subpopulation markers does not alter, but that aberrant results may be obtained due to a large amount of contaminating granulocytes in the lymphocyte preparation, thus indicating that the 'apparent loss' of lymphocyte markers is a technical rather than a biological problem. PMID- 3159800 TI - Human epidermal cells synthesize HLA-DR alloantigens in vitro upon stimulation with gamma-interferon. AB - Under certain pathologic conditions, human keratinocytes synthesize and express HLA-DR antigens. Assuming that soluble mediators might be responsible for this phenomenon, differentiating, primarily DR-keratinocytes were grown in the presence or absence of mixed leukocyte culture supernatants and tested for Ia antigen expression. After 6 days of culture, keratinocytes displayed surface bound HLA-DR alpha/beta complexes when exposed to mixed leukocyte culture supernatants but not when cultured in media alone. These HLA-DR moieties on keratinocytes result from active biosynthesis as evidenced by the demonstration of the intracytoplasmic HLA-DR gamma (invariant) chain within these cells. In view of reports that interferon-gamma promotes Ia-production in a variety of cell types, we reasoned that this lymphokine might be responsible for the Ia-inducing property of mixed lymphocyte culture supernatants. Indeed, recombinant interferon gamma, but not interferon-alpha or interleukin-2, proved to be a potent stimulator of Ia expression by keratinocytes. The further finding that this event can be prevented by the addition of a monoclonal anti-interferon-gamma antibody strongly suggests that this cytokine is directly responsible for HLA-DR production by keratinocytes. The interferon-gamma-induced acquisition of HLA-DR antigens by primarily DR-keratinocytes may provide a useful tool to study the role of these alloantigens in T-cell activation and may also add to our understanding of mechanisms operative in epidermal cell-T-cell interactions. PMID- 3159801 TI - Analysis of major histocompatibility antigens and the mononuclear cell infiltrate in halo nevi. AB - A series of monoclonal antibodies was used to characterize the nevomelanocytes and the inflammatory infiltrate of 11 halo nevi in different stages of resolution, employing an immunoperoxidase technique. Three of the 11 halo nevi histologically showed signs of mild or moderate nevomelanocytic atypia. It was found that the vast majority of the nevomelanocytes in halo nevi with a dense inflammatory infiltrate markedly expressed HLA-A,B,C antigens, while expression was not demonstrable in nevocellular nests not adjacent to the mononuclear infiltrate. No difference in expression of HLA-A,B,C antigens was found between the 3 cases with mild or moderate nevomelanocytic atypia and the other cases lacking atypia. Expression of HLA-DR (Ia-like) antigens was found on few nevomelanocytes in only 2 of 11 lesions. The cellular composition of the mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate showed a predominance of T cells (80% or more) with a relatively high proportion of cytotoxic/suppressor T cells. Most of the T cells showed signs of activation as judged by staining for HLA-DR antigens. These results demonstrate that the expression of HLA-A,B,C antigens on the nevomelanocytes and the cellular composition of the mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in halo nevi are very similar to that in malignant melanomas and dysplastic neiv. These findings also indicate the expression of HLA-A,B,C antigens on nevomelanocytes is primarily dependent on the presence of T-cell immune response and not necessarily related to the presence of nevomelanocytic atypia. PMID- 3159802 TI - Long-term antibiotic therapy for acne vulgaris: effects on the bowel flora of patients and their relatives. AB - We have studied the effects of long-term tetracycline and erythromycin administration on the fecal flora of patients and their relatives. Tetracycline administration selects for multiply antibiotic-resistant organisms in both patients and relatives. Erythromycin exerts no such selection pressure. The mechanisms by which this may occur are discussed. PMID- 3159803 TI - Induction of tolerance to urushiol by epicutaneous application of this hapten on dinitrofluorobenzene-treated skin. AB - The application of a sensitizing dose of urushiol on a dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-treated skin area significantly diminished the intensity of the urushiol challenge test in guinea pigs. Furthermore, the animals which had been first exposed to urushiol through DNFB-treated skin failed to become sensitized in a second sensitization attempt even when painted on a previously untreated area. This tolerance is hapten-specific and may be reversed by treatment with cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) shortly before another contact sensitization attempt to urushiol. In a previous work, we have shown that most of the Langerhans cells present in the DNFB-treated skin area are ATPase-negative and that there exists a link between the membranous ATPase system and the formation of Langerhans cell granules. The latter seem to develop in the course of a mechanism of adsorptive pinocytosis during which ATPase activity "disappears." Thus we suggest that the "unavailability" of ATPase-negative Langerhans cells for adequate processing a second hapten may result from the incapacity of cells lacking their ATPase system to activate the intracellular events that depend on this system and that normally lead to sensitization. PMID- 3159804 TI - Pathogenesis of graft-versus-host reactions (GVHR) and GVH-like diseases. AB - The graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) in both mice and humans can lead to the development of a broad spectrum of clinical and pathological symptoms. These symptoms are strikingly similar to those of a number of diseases of proven or presumed immunological origin, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), other collagen vascular diseases, lymphoproliferative disease, and aplastic anemia. The purpose of our investigation was to describe the immunological and pathological events that take place in the course of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and to gain insight into the cellular mechanisms underlying these events. To this end, a model was employed in which nonirradiated F1 mice were used as recipients of parental lymphoid cells. By pathological manifestations, 2 basic forms of GVHD can be distinguished in such non-irradiated F1 recipients: One is acute GVHD which is often lethal. It is characterized by a variety of suppressive (hypoplastic) pathological symptoms, including a severe hypoplasia of the lymphohemopoietic system accompanied by aplastic anemia and hypogammaglobulinemia. The other basic form is characterized by stimulatory symptoms, such as persistent lymphoid hyperplasia, formation of autoantibodies, and development of pathological symptoms reminiscent of SLE and other collagen vascular diseases. The suppressive pathological graft-versus-host (GVH) symptoms are caused by T suppressor/killer (TS/K) cells of the donor which react towards allogeneic class-I-structures of the F1 recipient's major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The stimulatory pathological GVH symptoms, by contrast, are caused by donor T helper (TH) cells which react toward the recipient's allogeneic class II-MHC structures. The possible implications of these observations for the pathogenesis of a number of GVH-like diseases in humans are discussed. The hypothesis is advanced that some of these GVH-like conditions, which arise either e causa ignota or after exposure to certain viruses or drugs, are caused by T lymphocytes reacting against self-MHC structures on lymphohemopoietic cells that were rendered "foreign". By analogy to GVHD, it is conceivable that the development of either stimulatory or suppressive GVH-like symptoms in individuals exposed to a given virus or sensitizing drug depends not on the etiologic agent per se, but on whether the predominant response is made by the individual's TH or TS@K cells. This, in turn, might depend on whether the agent becomes immunogenic in combination with class-II or class-I alloantigens. PMID- 3159805 TI - Human hypersensitivity angiitis, an immune complex disease. AB - Human hypersensitivity angiitis is an immune complex disease in which patients present with palpable purpuric lesions of the skin and may often have multiple organ involvement. The antigen may be derived from an infectious organism such as the hepatitis virus, streptococcus, or a drug, and complexes with antibody. Under circumstances of vascular turbulence or vessel wall dilatation this complex may become fixed, activating the complement sequence with elaboration of chemotactic factors for neutrophils. These cells release lysosomal enzymes resulting in vessel wall destruction. Red blood cells leak into the tissue producing purpura and the inflammatory infiltrate accounts for the palpability. Although many patients have skin lesions only, others may have involvement of joints, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and even the lungs. The central question in the pathogenesis of this disease is why the immune complex is so selective in its site of deposition. Part of the reason must be related to the lattice formation of a particular complex, while other reasons are related to host factors of altered vascular permeability, integrity of clearance mechanisms or even a genetically determined defect of the phagocytic system. PMID- 3159806 TI - The mixed epidermal cell-lymphocyte reaction. II. Epidermal Langerhans cells are responsible for the enhanced allogeneic lymphocyte-stimulating capacity of normal human epidermal cell suspensions. AB - Earlier studies carried out in our laboratory which demonstrated that disaggregated human epidermal cells isolated from normal flexor forearm skin produced a greater degree of primary allogeneic lymphocyte blastogenic response than did autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells have since been confirmed by others. We have now completed a series of additional studies designed to determine the basis for this difference. Blocking studies with anti-HLA-DR antibodies revealed that the allogeneic response triggered by epidermal cells was completely dependent on the presence of unbound HLA-DR molecules eliminating the possibility that nonspecific mitogenic effects produced by the epidermal cell suspension might be responsible for the difference. In addition we were unable to demonstrate that epidermal keratinocytes were supplying a nonspecific helper or growth-promoting effect to the interaction between stimulating HLA-DR bearing Langerhans cells and responding T lymphocytes. Since it has recently been suggested that the entire alloantigen-presenting capacity of unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells can be attributed to a small population of HLA DR antigen-bearing dendritic cells, we have considered the possibility that the greater degree of allogeneic lymphocyte response produced by epidermal cells could be due to the presence of a greater percentage of HLA-DR positive dendritic cells present in epidermal cell suspensions (i.e., Langerhans cells). Peripheral blood dendritic cell-enriched fractions and epidermal cell suspensions that contained similar percentages of dendritic cells produced equivalent amounts of allogeneic lymphocyte stimulation, whereas peripheral blood dendritic cell enriched fractions that contained greater percentages of dendritic cells than were present in epidermal cell suspensions produced greater amounts of allogeneic stimulation. We therefore conclude that the enhanced mixed lymphocyte reaction stimulating capacity of human epidermal cell suspensions could be explained by the fact that epidermal cell suspensions contain a greater percentage of HLA-DR bearing alloantigen-presenting dendritic cells than do unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cell suspensions. PMID- 3159807 TI - Leprosy: altered complement receptors in disseminated disease. AB - We have studied the expression of the C3b receptor (CR1) on erythrocytes of 55 patients with Hansen's disease. We developed a radioimmunoassay utilizing a monoclonal antibody that recognized an epitope different from the C3b binding site, which therefore enabled us to measure total number of CR1 regardless of receptor occupancy. We observed that patients in the lepromatous pole of the disease had a mean of 310 CR1/erythrocyte, whereas the ones in the tuberculoid pole showed a mean of 577 CR1/erythrocyte; 77 normal controls had a mean of 512 CR1/erythrocyte. The number of C3b receptors on the cells of lepromatous patients was significantly decreased (p less than .001) when compared to the normal population or tuberculoid patients. The presence of receptors for the C3b fragment of complement (CR1) on the surface of human erythrocytes enables these cells to participate in a number of immune functions including the clearance of circulating immune complexes. These findings could bear importance in the ability of the host to clear immune complexes from the circulation in patients with lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 3159808 TI - Modulation of immune function by UV radiation. AB - In addition to its carcinogenic activity, ultraviolet (UV) radiation is capable of modifying certain immunologic reactions. Immunologic alterations induced in mice by UV radiation include both local and distant effects. Local alterations result from a direct effect of UV radiation on an immune reaction that takes place at the site of irradiation. Distant alterations are those in which exposure of skin to UV radiation at one site modifies an immune reaction occurring at a distant, unexposed site. Based on recent studies, we propose that there may be two types of distant alterations. One is nonspecific, may be due to accumulation of leukocytes at the site of UV-induced inflammation, and is exemplified by the suppression of delayed hypersensitivity and local graft-versus-host (GVH) reactions. The second may result from DNA damage, may involve a soluble mediator, and is manifested by the systemic suppression of contact hypersensitivity and the formation of antigen-specific suppressor T lymphocytes. These immunologic effects of exposure to UV radiation may be important in the pathogenesis of skin cancer and other cutaneous diseases. PMID- 3159810 TI - Immunization--an adult thing to do. PMID- 3159809 TI - A comparison of murine epidermal Langerhans cells with spleen dendritic cells. AB - To establish if epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) are related to spleen dendritic cells, we have considered the morphology, phenotype, and function of the 2 cell types in culture. Cultured LC could be partially enriched (up to 50%) on the basis of 2 simple physical properties: nonadherence to plastic, and low buoyant density in dense albumin columns. The morphology of cultured LC and spleen dendritic cells were similar. In particular both cell types had many cell processes and/or veils, and cultured LC lost their distinguishing Birbeck granules. Freshly isolated LC exhibited nonspecific esterase and ATPase, as well as the F4/80 (alpha-macrophage) and 2.4G2 (alpha-Fc receptor) antigens. However all these traits were lost in culture, while Ia and Mac-1 antigens persisted. As a result, the cytochemical and antigenic phenotype of LC became similar to spleen dendritic cells. The one exception was that LC lacked the 33D1 dendritic cell antigen. The function of LC at first differed from spleen dendritic cells in that fresh LC were weak stimulators of T cell proliferation in the mixed leukocyte reaction and in sodium periodate-induced mitogenesis. However, stimulatory activity per cell increased at least 30 fold in culture so that by 2-3 days, LC were 3-10 times more potent than dendritic cells. Maturation of LC function was radioresistant and was accompanied by a small increase in cell surface Ia antigens. Although LC have been likened both to lymphoid dendritic cells and to macrophages, our data suggest a different conclusion. LC seem to be dendritic cell precursors and are immunologically immature. Possibly, lymphoid dendritic cells are in general derived from substantial pools of precursors in nonlymphoid tissues, such as epidermal LC. PMID- 3159811 TI - Ciprofloxacin for selective decontamination of the alimentary tract in patients with acute leukemia during remission induction treatment: the effect on fecal flora. AB - Ciprofloxacin, a new quinolone derivative, was given prophylactically (500 mg twice a day) to 15 patients with acute leukemia during remission induction treatment for a mean duration of 42 days. The effect on the microbial flora of the alimentary tract was evaluated. A rapid elimination of Enterobacteriaceae within three to five days was observed. Bacteroides and Clostridium species were not affected, but the number of anerobic nonsporeforming gram-positive bacilli and anaerobic cocci was decreased. Nine ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative rods (Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species) were isolated but without colonization or subsequent infection. Four of the five bacteriologically documented infections in these patients were caused by gram-positive cocci. Ciprofloxacin was well tolerated, and no side effects were noticed. PMID- 3159813 TI - [Immunogenicity and safety of hepatitis B virus vaccine (HEPTAVAX-B)]. PMID- 3159812 TI - Immunoregulatory adherent cells in human tuberculosis: radiation-sensitive antigen-specific suppression by monocytes. AB - In human tuberculosis, adherent mononuclear cells (AMC) selectively depress in vitro responses to the mycobacterial antigen tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD). The phenotype of this antigen-specific adherent suppressor cell was characterized by examining the functional activity of adherent cells after selective depletion of sheep erythrocyte-rosetting T cells or OKM1-reactive monocytes. Adherent cell suppression was studied in the [3H]thymidine incorporation microculture assay by using T cells rigorously depleted of T cells with surface receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (T gamma cells) as antigen responsive cells. PPD-induced [3H]thymidine incorporation by these non gamma T cells was uniformly reduced (mean, 42% +/- 10% [SD]) when autologous AMC were added to non gamma T cells at a ratio of 1:2. Antigen-specific suppression by AMC was not altered by depletion of sheep erythrocyte-rosetting T cells or treatment with indomethacin. However, AMC treated with OKM1 and complement or gamma irradiation (1,500 rads) no longer suppressed tuberculin responses in vitro. These studies identify the antigen-specific adherent suppressor cell in tuberculosis as an OKM1-reactive, non-erythrocyte-rosetting monocyte. The radiosensitivity of this monocyte immunoregulatory function may facilitate its further definition. PMID- 3159814 TI - [An experimental study on the retentive strength of various filling materials to dentin]. PMID- 3159815 TI - Purification of hybrid beta-galactosidase proteins encoded by phi X174 E phi lacZ and Escherichia coli prlA phi lacZ: a general method for the isolation of lacZ fusion polypeptides produced in low amounts. AB - A facile immunoaffinity chromatography method is described for the purification of lacZ fusion gene products. The method is general for any molecule antigenically related to beta-galactosidase and involves only a single step. We report its use to purify the products of lacZ fusions with a bacteriophage gene, phi X174E, and an Escherichia coli chromosomal gene, prlA. The hybrid protein products of both of these genes are membrane bound and present in very low molar amounts with respect to total cellular protein. Evidence is presented that substrate-affinity chromatography is not applicable to the isolation of low-level fusion proteins such as these. PMID- 3159816 TI - Regulation of IgG memory responses by helper and suppressor T cells activated by the type 2 antigen, polyvinylpyrrolidone. AB - T cells from CAF1 mice immunized with various amounts of the type 2 antigen polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were assessed for their ability to provide help to PVP specific memory B cells for the production of IgG. Low doses (0.0025 micrograms) of PVP consistently activated helper T cells (Th), which were required for the production of IgG by primed B cells. In contrast, T cells from mice primed with higher amounts (0.25 or 25 micrograms) of PVP did not provide significant help to the same B cells for IgG production. Moreover, when mixed with B cells and low dose PVP-primed Th, T cells from mice primed with 0.25 or 25 micrograms PVP suppressed PVP-specific IgG, but not IgM antibody responses. The suppressor cells induced by higher amounts of PVP were eliminated either by injecting cyclophosphamide (CY) before priming with PVP, or by treating the primed T cells with anti-Lyt-2.2 and C before transfer. Pretreatment of suppressor T cell (Ts) donors with CY or removal of Lyt-2+ T cells not only eliminated Ts activity, but also unmasked significant Th activity in the T cells from high-dose PVP-primed mice. Thus, both low and high amounts of PVP can activate Th, although high amounts of PVP also induce Ts, the activity of which predominates in a normal unfractionated T cell population. The amount of PVP (0.0025 micrograms) that induces dominant help for IgG memory responses was only marginally immunogenic for induction of primary PVP-specific IgM responses, while 0.25 and 25 micrograms PVP, which induce dominant suppression for IgG memory responses, are optimally immunogenic for primary IgM responses. These results are discussed in the context of the inability of most type 2 antigens to elicit primary IgG responses or to prime memory B cells for production of IgG, responses which are dependent on the function of antigen-specific Th. PMID- 3159817 TI - T cell development in B cell-deficient mice. II. Serological characterization of suppressor T cell factors (TsF1) produced in normal mice and in mice treated chronically with rabbit anti-mouse IgM antibodies. AB - Serological analysis of idiotypic specificities present in azobenzenearsonate (ABA)-specific first-order suppressor T cell factors (TsF1) from C.AL-20 and BALB/c mice revealed a significant difference between TsF from these two strains of mice. The idiotypic composition of TsF1 from BALB/c mice appears to be more heterogeneous, and at least two different fractions can be readily identified. One bears the characteristic BALB/c-associated CRI(C) (crossreactive idiotype) determinants, and the other is non-CRI(C)-bearing. Analysis of ABA-specific TsF1 from animals lacking B cells uncovered a fundamental change in the expression of their idiotypic specificities. TsF from rabbit anti-mouse IgM (anti-mu)-treated C.AL-20 mice failed to express the characteristic CRI(A) determinants. Instead, they express CRI(C) specificities. Similarly, TsF1 from anti-mu-treated BALB/c mice did not express their characteristic CRI(C) specificities, but rather express CRI(A) determinants. These experiments provide strong evidence that the Igh restriction specificity of TsF is dictated by the particular idiotypic specificities expressed. They also clearly demonstrate that B cells and their products play an important role in establishing the idiotypic composition and repertoire of suppressor T cells. PMID- 3159818 TI - A model for the differentiation of human natural killer cells. Studies on the in vitro activation of Leu-11+ granular lymphocytes with a natural killer-sensitive tumor cell, K562. AB - A subpopulation of low density granular lymphocytes that express the natural killer (NK) cell-associated Leu-11 antigen (IgG Fc receptor) were stimulated directly by coculture with an NK-sensitive tumor cell, K562. T lymphocytes (Leu 11-) responded only weakly when cocultured with K562. The response of Leu-11+ cells apparently did not require exogeneous factors or accessory cells. The K562 activated cells retained expression of Leu-11 antigen, acquired activation antigens, and were highly cytotoxic against NK-sensitive and -insensitive tumor cells. Anti-IL-2 receptor monoclonal antibody minimally inhibited the activation of Leu-11+ cells by K562, but completely inhibited the phytohemagglutinin-induced activation of the Leu-11- cells from the same individual. Leu-11+ cells can be divided into Leu-7-11+ and Leu-7+11+ subpopulations using anti-Leu-7 antibody. These subsets were separated by two-color fluorescence-activated cell sorting and cocultured with K562. Proliferation by Leu-7-11+ cells was significantly greater than by Leu-11+7+ cells. Leu-7+11- granular lymphocytes and T lymphocytes (Leu-7 11-) typically proliferated only weakly when cocultured with K562. A proportion of the Leu-7-11+ cells acquired Leu-7 antigen after stimulation with K562, whereas the phenotype of Leu-7+11+, Leu-7+11-, and Leu-7-11- subsets was unaffected. These results demonstrate a developmental relationship between the Leu-7-11+ and Leu-7+11+ lymphocytes and suggest that Leu-7 antigen may be expressed late in the differentiation pathway of NK cells. The direct activation of highly purified Leu-11+ cells by coculture with K562 provides an in vitro model with which to study the activation and maturation of human NK cells. PMID- 3159819 TI - Phenotype of recovering lymphoid cell populations after marrow transplantation. AB - Four patients who received bone marrow transplants were studied sequentially during the posttransplant period to define the pattern of recovering lymphoid cell types. Three patients received T cell-depleted, HLA-matched marrow, and one received untreated marrow from an identical twin. Blood lymphoid cells were labeled with 25 different pairs of monoclonal antibodies. In each sample, one antibody was conjugated to fluorescein and one to phycoerythrin, thus allowing simultaneous assessment of the expression of the two markers using the fluorescence activated cell sorter. A total of 14 antibodies were used, routinely including HLE, Leu-M3, Leu-4, Leu-1, Leu-5, Leu-9, Leu-6, Leu-2, Leu-3, HLA-DR, Leu-7, Leu-11, Leu-15, and Leu-12. Other antibodies were used to further define some populations. This study has allowed us to define six distinct cell types that have appeared in all four patients by day 90 posttransplantation, and which account for 90-100% of all circulating lymphoid cells. These cell types are (a) T helper cells expressing Leu-1, Leu-4, Leu-9, Leu-5, Leu-3, and variable amounts of HLA-DR; (b) T suppressor cells expressing Leu-1, Leu-4, Leu-9, Leu-5, Leu-2, and variable amounts of HLA-DR; (c) B cells expressing Leu-12, B1, HLA-DR, IgD, and IgM, but none of the T cell antigens; (d) an unusual B cell phenotype (Leu-1 B) expressing all of the B cell markers, and also having low amounts of Leu-1, but none of the other T cell antigens; (e) natural killer (NK) cells expressing Leu-11, Leu-15, Leu-5 but none of the other T cell or B cell markers; (f) NK cells expressing Leu-11, Leu-15, Leu-5, and low levels of Leu-2. Both NK types also express Leu-7 on some, but not all cells. The relative frequencies of these cell types varied among the patients and with time, but the striking findings were the presence of relatively few mature T cells, large numbers of NK cells, and the preponderance of the unusual Leu-1 B cell over conventional B cells in all three patients who developed B cells. Sorting experiments confirmed the NK activity of the major NK cell phenotypes, and DNA analysis confirmed that all of the cells studied were of donor origin. In addition, analysis of Ig genes in one patient showed that the Leu-1 B cells were not clonally rearranged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3159820 TI - Human T cell activation. II. A new activation pathway used by a major T cell population via a disulfide-bonded dimer of a 44 kilodalton polypeptide (9.3 antigen). AB - In previous studies (17-21), monoclonal antibody (mAb) 9.3 has been shown to react with a major population of human T cells, which include T4+ helper/inducer T cells and T8+ cytotoxic T cells. In this investigation, mAb 9.3 was shown to precipitate a disulfide-bonded dimer of a 44 kD polypeptide. Comodulation experiments showed that this molecule is not linked to T3/Ti or T11 antigens. mAb 9.3 was capable of inducing T cell proliferation in the presence of 12-o tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). This effect was monocyte-independent. T cell activation with mAb 9.3 and TPA was associated with increases in interleukin 2(IL-2) receptor expression and IL-2 secretion. mAb 9.3 did not activate T cells, even with the addition of IL-1 or IL-2. Modulation of the T3 complex did not abolish mAb 9.3-induced T cell proliferation in the presence of TPA. These results suggest that the 9.3 antigen may serve as a receptor for an activation pathway restricted to a T cell subset. PMID- 3159821 TI - Authentic T helper CD4 (W3/25) antigen on rat peritoneal macrophages. AB - The rat W3/25 antigen that appears to be equivalent to human CD4 (T4) antigen is expressed on thymocytes and T helper cells and plays a role in the response of T helper cells to antigen. The W3/25 and anti-T4 antibodies also label macrophages. In this paper we examine whether the macrophage antigen is the same as that on T cells. New monoclonal antibodies against the rat CD4 antigen, MRC OX-35 through OX-38, are described, all of which label peritoneal macrophages from normal and athymic rats. The molecular weight of W3/25 antigen on macrophages is indistinguishable from that on T cells. We conclude that macrophages express authentic CD4 (W3/25) antigen. Another new monoclonal antibody, MRC OX-34, labels an antigen of 50-54,000 mol wt that is expressed on rat T but not B cells or peritoneal macrophages. It was used to control for the presence of any T cell products in immunoprecipitation from rat macrophage extracts. PMID- 3159822 TI - Monocyte receptors for fibronectin characterized by a monoclonal antibody that interferes with receptor activity. AB - We describe a molecule on the surface of human peripheral blood monocytes that appears to be a plasma membrane receptor for fibronectin. We have identified this protein using a monoclonal antibody, A6F10, which prevents the interaction between monocytes and substrate-bound fibronectin. Thus, at least functionally, the antibody appears to recognize the plasma membrane receptor for fibronectin. The antibody and its Fab fragments bound to the cell surfaces of human monocytes, tissue macrophages, and, to a lesser extent, neutrophils. It did not react with fibroblasts, lymphocytes, platelets, or erythrocytes. It bound human and guinea pig cells but did not react with rat, mouse, or hamster cells. In Western blots, this monoclonal antibody bound specifically to a polypeptide with apparent molecular weight of 110,000 and made of a single chain. The antigen recognized by A6F10 was susceptible to trypsin digestion. These observations suggest that the monoclonal antibody A6F10 is directed to the fibronectin receptor of human monocytes. PMID- 3159823 TI - Distinct functional phenotypes of cloned Ia-restricted helper T cells. AB - Analysis of activation of phosphorylcholine (PC)-specific B cells by a large number of different cloned, self Ia-specific helper T cell (Th) clones has permitted the classification of such T cells into four distinct functional types. Types 1 and 2 induce B cells to secrete anti-PC antibody in an antigen-specific, Ia-restricted fashion. Type 3 cells induce antigen-specific, Ia-restricted B cell proliferation, but do not lead to specific antibody formation, and have been shown previously to have suppressor functions. Type 4 cells are autoreactive, and induce antigen-independent B cell activation and antibody secretion. The distinction between type 1 and type 2 Th clones was analyzed in detail. In bulk cultures, type 1 cloned lines generate an idiotypically heterogeneous anti-PC antibody response, whereas type 2 cloned lines induce a larger response that is dominated by the T15 idiotype. In limiting-dilution analyses, type 2 cells induce fourfold more T15+, PC-specific precursor B cells than do type 1 cells, and in addition, induce larger burst sizes for T15+, PC-specific B cells. Type 4 clones can also be subdivided into cells that are type 1-like, and cells that are type 2 like. These differences in functional phenotype are seen over a broad range of antigen and cell doses. Detailed analysis of the behavior of these distinct functional types of Th should allow a better understanding of the functional properties of mixed populations of antigen-primed, Ia-restricted Th cells. PMID- 3159824 TI - Tubular antigen-derivatized cells induce a disease-protective, antigen-specific, and idiotype-specific suppressor T cell network restricted by I-J and Igh-V in mice with experimental interstitial nephritis. AB - The nephritogenic effector T cell response producing interstitial nephritis in mice can be largely inhibited by the adoptive transfer of suppressor T cells before or after the induction of disease. These suppressor T cells are harvested from donor mice primed with tubular antigen-derivatized syngeneic lymphocytes, and two subsets of suppressor cells can be characterized within this donor cell population. The first suppressor cell in this network is an L3T4+, I-J+, RE-Id+ cell (Ts-1). Ts-1 cells are antigen-binding suppressor cells that inhibit afferent phase immune responses and, in the presence of tubular antigen, specifically induce Lyt-2+, I-J+ cells (Ts-2) that are antiidiotypic (RE-Id binding) suppressors. The Ts-2 cell is functionally restricted in its suppressive effect by I-J and Igh-V gene products, and acts on the effector limb of the cell mediated anti-tubular basement membrane immune response. These studies provide an experimental basis for further efforts to use immunoregulatory modulation in the control of autoimmune renal disease. PMID- 3159825 TI - Characterization of mixed allogeneic chimeras. Immunocompetence, in vitro reactivity, and genetic specificity of tolerance. AB - Mixed allogeneically reconstituted mice (B10 + B10.D2----B10) that specifically accept B10.D2 tail skin allografts were examined for in vivo and in vitro immunocompetence, patterns of hematopoietic repopulation, and in vitro reactivity. In vitro, mixed allogeneic chimeras (B10 + B10.D2----B10) manifested specific tolerance in mixed lymphocyte reactions and cell-mediated lympholysis to B10 and B10.D2 splenocytes, with normal responses to third-party (B10.BR) cells. Such chimeras were immunocompetent in B cell and helper T cell responses, as assessed by their primary plaque forming cell responses to in vivo sheep red blood cell immunization. This is in contrast to fully allogeneic chimeras, which responded less well. In addition, survival of the mixed allogeneic chimeras in a conventional animal facility was superior to that of fully allogeneic chimeras, and similar to syngeneically reconstituted (B10----B10) mice. Specific tolerance to skin grafts, degree of allogeneic engraftment, and persistence of chimerism was also assessed in a noncongenic mixed allogeneic combination (B10 + C3H--- B10). Such animals manifested specific hyporeactivity to C3H skin allografts, but eventual chronic rejection of the grafts occurred in spite of stable and persistent mixed chimerism. MHC-congenic (B10.BR) skin grafts were accepted indefinitely in the same animals, suggesting that skin-specific non-major histocompatibility complex antigens were responsible for rejection of the C3H skin allografts. PMID- 3159829 TI - Object perception and object-directed reaching in infancy. AB - Five-month-old infants were presented with a small object, a larger object, and a background surface arranged in depth so that all were within reaching distance. Patterns of reaching for this display were observed, while spatial and kinetic properties of the display were varied. When the infants reached for the display, they did not reach primarily for the surfaces that were nearer, smaller, or presented in motion. The infants reached, instead, for groups of surfaces that formed a unit that was spatially connected and/or that moved as a whole relative to its surroundings. Infants reached for the nearer of two objects as a distinct unit when the objects were separated in depth or when one object moved relative to the other. They reached for the two objects as a single unit when the objects were adjacent or when they moved together. The reaching patterns provided evidence that the infants organized each display into the kind of units that adults call objects: manipulable units with internal coherence and external boundaries. Infants, like adults, perceived objects by detecting both the spatial arrangements and the relative movements of surfaces in the three-dimensional layout. PMID- 3159828 TI - Distributed memory and the representation of general and specific information. AB - We describe a distributed model of information processing and memory and apply it to the representation of general and specific information. The model consists of a large number of simple processing elements which send excitatory and inhibitory signals to each other via modifiable connections. Information processing is thought of as the process whereby patterns of activation are formed over the units in the model through their excitatory and inhibitory interactions. The memory trace of a processing event is the change or increment to the strengths of the interconnections that results from the processing event. The traces of separate events are superimposed on each other in the values of the connection strengths that result from the entire set of traces stored in the memory. The model is applied to a number of findings related to the question of whether we store abstract representations or an enumeration of specific experiences in memory. The model simulates the results of a number of important experiments which have been taken as evidence for the enumeration of specific experiences. At the same time, it shows how the functional equivalent of abstract representations -prototypes, logogens, and even rules--can emerge from the superposition of traces of specific experiences, when the conditions are right for this to happen. In essence, the model captures the structure present in a set of input patterns; thus, it behaves as though it had learned prototypes or rules, to the extent that the structure of the environment it has learned about can be captured by describing it in terms of these abstractions. PMID- 3159826 TI - Polymorphism of Fc receptor on murine B cells is Igh-linked. AB - Analysis of mouse IgG binding to Fc receptors on mouse B cells indicates that the IgG1, IgG2a, and IgGb subclasses bind to the same receptor. No differences in affinity were detected among subclass or between mouse strains. This same receptor bound rat IgG with an affinity that differed between mouse strains. This polymorphism in affinity for rat IgG maps to chromosome 12 distal to the Igh locus. PMID- 3159827 TI - Cloned natural suppressor cell lines derived from the spleens of neonatal mice. AB - The establishment and characterization of cloned natural suppressor (NS) cell lines derived from the spleen of neonatal BALB/c mice are described. Cloned NS cells suppress the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) between normal adult responder and stimulator spleen cells with a 50-fold greater efficiency than fresh neonatal cells. Suppressive activity of both cells did not depend on the haplotype of the responder or stimulator cells, and was radioresistant. Cloned NS cells did not inhibit the uptake of [3H]thymidine by HT-2 cells proliferating in response to interleukin 2 (IL-2), nor the in vitro secretion of IL-1 by macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide. Several experiments indicated that absorption of IL-2 could not explain the suppression of the MLR by the NS cells in the range of cell numbers tested. The results suggest that NS cells may suppress the MLR by interfering with early stages of T cell activation. The cell surface of a cloned NS cell line was examined using immunofluorescence staining, and was strongly positive for the Thy-1.2, Ly-5, and asialo-GM1 antigens. However, Lyt-1, Lyt-2, surface Ig, IE, MAC-1, and Fc and C3 receptor markers were not detected. In addition, NS cells showed no cytolytic activity against the YAC-1 target cell line. On the basis of these findings, cloned NS cells do not appear to be mature T cells, B cells, macrophages, or NK cells. The development of cloned NS cells may be useful in determining the identity and mechanism of action of nonspecific suppressor cells in the neonatal spleen, and their role in neonatal tolerance and maternal-fetal relationships. PMID- 3159830 TI - Memorability as a measure of processing: a unit analysis of prose and list learning. AB - The percentage of subjects recalling each unit in a list or prose passage is considered as a dependent measure. When the same units are recalled in different tasks, processing is assumed to be the same; when different units are recalled, processing is assumed to be different. Two collections of memory tasks are presented, one for lists and one for prose. The relations found in these two collections are supported by an extensive reanalysis of the existing prose memory literature. The same set of words were learned by 13 different groups of subjects under 13 different conditions. Included were intentional free-recall tasks, incidental free recall following lexical decision, and incidental free recall following ratings of orthographic distinctiveness and emotionality. Although the nine free-recall tasks varied widely with regard to the amount of recall, the relative probability of recall for the words was very similar among the tasks. Imagery encoding and recognition produced relative probabilities of recall that were different from each other and from the free-recall tasks. Similar results were obtained with a prose passage. A story was learned by 13 different groups of subjects under 13 different conditions. Eight free-recall tasks, which varied with respect to incidental or intentional learning, retention interval, and the age of the subjects, produced similar relative probabilities of recall, whereas recognition and prompted recall produced relative probabilities of recall that were different from each other and from the free-recall tasks. A review of the prose literature was undertaken to test the generality of these results. Analysis of variance is the most common statistical procedure in this literature. If the relative probability of recall of units varied across conditions, a units by condition interaction would be expected. For the 12 studies that manipulated retention interval, an average of 21% of the variance was accounted for by the main effect of retention interval, 17% by the main effect of units, and only 2% by the retention interval by units interaction. Similarly, for the 12 studies that varied the age of the subjects, 6% of the variance was accounted for by the main effect of age, 32% by the main effect of units, and only 1% by the interaction of age by units.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3159831 TI - Visual attention and stimulus identification. AB - Previous research has provided evidence for parallel stimulus processing in visual search tasks; however, it has frequently been noted that detecting prespecified targets might be accomplished without actually identifying targets and/or distractors. A novel task was employed to require exhaustive identification: Subjects named the highest digit in an array. Reaction times and display size effects in this task were strikingly similar to the conventional search tasks reported here. Manipulation of display size and visual quality was used to test predictions of serial versus parallel encoding models. Display size was additive with two different visual quality factors in the highest digit task, a finding that argues against serial execution of the corresponding stages. Interactions with decision-related factors suggest that visual quality may have affected the rate of character recognition, not just feature extraction. Thus, various aspects of the results seem to strengthen the case for parallel (though perhaps capacity-limited) identification of multiple familiar stimuli. In the General Discussion, it is pointed out that parallel identification need not entail late selection, and some alternative possibilities are suggested. PMID- 3159832 TI - Induced self-motion in central vision. AB - Previous research on visually induced self-motion found that stimulation of the central visual field (up to 30 degrees in diameter) results in perceived object motion while self-motion requires peripheral stimulation. In the present study, perceived self-motion was induced with a radially expanding pattern simulating observer motion through a space filled with dots, with visual angles of 7.5 degrees, 10.6 degrees, 15 degrees, and 21.2 degrees. Speed and texture density were also varied. The duration of reported self-motion (a) decreased with increased speed, (b) failed to increase with increased visual angle, and (c) decreased with visual angle at the highest speed level. In a second experiment, subjects rated the perceived depth of the displays. The speed and speed/area interaction effects on judged depth matched those found for induced self-motion. These results suggest an extension of the focal/ambient theory: In addition to a more primitive ambient processing mode that requires peripheral vision, there is a higher level system concerned with ambient processing that functions in the central visual field and uses more complex stimulus information, such as internal depth represented in a radially expanding pattern. PMID- 3159833 TI - Binocular distance perception: egocentric distance tasks. AB - This study extends and tests a theory of binocular distance perception that has been shown to give a good account of performance in relative distance tasks. Here the theory is tested in two experiments in which the observer directly indicates perceived egocentric distance of targets (perceived distance from himself or herself) by means of a verbal report or manual pointing response. In the first, the distance to two targets is varied while maintaining a constant disparity between them. In the second, one target is held fixed while the distance to a second target is varied. In each case, the observer indicates the perceived distance of each target. Manual and verbal responses are found to agree with each other to within a linear transform. Both sets of data are shown to be consistent with the theory and are used to estimate the parameters of the theory. There is no other theory that predicts these results. PMID- 3159834 TI - Rhythms and responses. AB - Rhythms are fundamental to behavior, but the control mechanism for timed responses is not known. Many theorists have assumed that there is a central clock coordinating behavior in all sensory modalities and response modes. We tested this hypothesis using a rhythmic tapping task in which university undergraduates first attempted to synchronize responses with brief auditory, tactile, or visual stimuli and then continued to tap at the same rate on their own. Performance was most variable with visual stimuli and least variable with auditory stimuli. The detailed results suggest that performances are not based on a common clock, but, rather, different strategies are employed when the task is presented in different modalities. We reject the hypothesis of a single timing mechanism as controlling behavior and, in doing so, question the validity of information processing models that are formulated without regard to temporal relations among their conjectured processes. PMID- 3159836 TI - Are selective adaptation and contrast effects really distinct? AB - Although there is evidence that selective adaptation and contrast effects in speech perception are produced by the same mechanisms, Sawusch and Jusczyk (1981) reported a dissociation between the effects and concluded that adaptation and contrast occur at separate processing levels. They found that an ambiguous test stimulus was more likely to be labeled b following adaptation with [pha] and more likely to be labeled p following adaptation with [ba] or [spa] (the latter consisting of [ba] preceded by [s] noise). In the contrast session, where a single context stimulus occurred with a single test item, the [ba] and [pha] contexts had contrastive effects similar to those of the [ba] and [pha] adaptors, but the [spa] context produced an increase in b responses to the test stimulus, an effect opposite to that of the [spa] adaptor. One interpretation of this difference is that the rapid presentation of the [spa] adaptor gave rise to "streaming," whereby the [s] was perceptually segregated from the [ba]. In our experiment, we essentially replicated the results of Sawusch and Jusczyk (1981), using procedures similar to theirs. Next, we increased the interadaptor interval to remove the likelihood of stream segregation and found that the adaptation and contrast effects converged. PMID- 3159835 TI - Some temporal characteristics of processing during reading. AB - College students read passages displayed on a cathode-ray tube as their eye movements were being monitored. During occasional fixations, all letters to the left of the directly fixated letter or all letters more than four to the right of the fixated letter were replaced by other letters. This replacement occurred either for only the first 100 ms of the fixation or only after the first 100 ms of the fixation. The eye movement data indicated that the eyes can respond to change in the visual stimulus within less than 100 ms and to orthographic irregularity in the text within less than 160 ms. No evidence was found for a left-to-right attentional scan during a fixation. The results were interpreted within the framework of a chronology of processing events occurring during a fixation in reading. PMID- 3159837 TI - When selective adaptation and contrast effects are distinct: a reply to Diehl, Kluender, and Parker. AB - Two alternative conceptualizations of selective adaptation with speech have recently received attention. The adaptation level theory (AL) outlined by Diehl (1981) and a two-stage model outlined by Sawusch and Jusczyk (1981) can both account for much of the adaptation and paired-comparison data. Recently, Diehl, Kluender, and Parker (1985) proposed that all adaptation and contrast data can be accounted for by AL theory. They reported the results of a study that showed evidence of streaming in selective adaptation and claimed that their results provide a counterdemonstration to recent studies that have argued against the AL approach. In the present article, an outline of how the Diehl et al. results can be accounted for by both the two-stage model and AL theory is presented. In addition, a new set of results comparing adaptation and paired-comparison procedures is presented. These results are precisely as predicted by the two stage model, but they can not be handled by AL theory. PMID- 3159838 TI - Lexical access during eye fixations in reading: effects of word-initial letter sequence. AB - Two experiments tested the hypothesis that lexical access in reading is initiated on the basis of word-initial letter information obtainable in the parafoveal region. Eye movements were monitored while college students read sentences containing target words whose initial trigram (Experiment 1) or bigram (Experiment 2) imposed either a high or a low degree of constraint in the lexicon. In contradiction to our hypothesis, high-constraint words (e.g., DWARF) received longer fixations than did low-constraint words (e.g., CLOWN), despite the fact that high-constraint words have an initial letter sequence shared by few other words in the lexicon. Moreover, a comparison of fixation times in viewing conditions with and without parafoveal letter information showed that the amount of decrease in target fixation time due to prior parafoveal availability was the same for high-constraint and low-constraint targets. We concluded that increased familiarity of word-initial letter sequence is beneficial to lexical access and that familiarity affects the efficiency of foveal but not parafoveal processing. PMID- 3159839 TI - A secondary-task analysis of a word familiarity effect. AB - In three experiments we examined aspects of the word inferiority effect and word frequency disadvantage for letter detection. In Experiment 1 we tested a prediction derived from a hypothesis based solely on attentional factors. Adult subjects performed one of two secondary detection tasks while reading for comprehension. The inferiority effects were obtained only when the secondary task was letter detection, not when nonletter targets were used in the secondary task. This finding is inconsistent with the attentional hypothesis, but is consistent with the unitization hypothesis of Healy and Drewnowski (1983). In Experiments 2 and 3 we found that manipulation of the need to read for comprehension had little influence on the letter-detection inferiority effects, but a strong influence on the effects involving the detection of nonletter targets. These results are discussed in terms of their implications concerning processing system flexibility. PMID- 3159840 TI - Suppression of visible persistence. AB - Five experiments were conducted to examine duration of visible persistence in sequences of stimuli. The basic display consisted of a point that stepped around a circular path on the face of an oscilloscope. Observers estimated the number of points seen simultaneously. Results were compared with a control condition in which the points were plotted in random order rather than sequentially. It was found that visible persistence of a point is suppressed if other points are shown nearby and after an appropriate delay. The degree of suppression depended on the spatial proximity of successive points. It was also found that both duration of visible persistence and degree of suppression increase with eccentricity in the visual field. The results are discussed in terms of two independent processes, persistence and suppression, that operate in a hierarchically antithetical relation. PMID- 3159841 TI - Induced motion and oculomotor capture. AB - Three experiments investigating the basis of induced motion are reported. The proposition that induced motion is based on the visual capture of eye-position information and is therefore a subject-relative, rather than object-relative, motion was explored in the first experiment. Observers made saccades to an invisible auditory stimulus following fixation on a stationary stimulus in which motion was induced. In the remaining two experiments, the question of whether perceived induced motion produces a straight ahead shift was explored. The critical eye movement was directed to apparent straight ahead. Because these saccades partially compensated for the apparent displacement of the induction stimulus, and saccades to the auditory stimulus did not, we conclude that induced motion is not based on oculomotor visual capture. Rather, it is accompanied by a shift in the judged direction of straight ahead, an instance of the straight ahead shift. The results support an object-relative theory of induced motion. PMID- 3159843 TI - Automatic and attentional components in perception of shape-at-a-slant. AB - In perceiving shape-at-a-slant it is assumed that a sequence of operations is executed. The aim of these experiments was to determine the extent to which execution of these operations requires allocation of attention. Three hypotheses were considered: zero automaticity--that all of the operations require attention; partial automaticity--that the operations culminating in a representation of projective shape and slant-in-depth are automatic while the combinatorial operations culminating in a distally correlated shape require attention; full automaticity--that the entire sequence of operations is automatic, proceeding without allocation of attention. To decide among these hypotheses, subjects performed forced-choice shape recognition tests under two conditions: In the shape-directed condition subjects were motivated to process shape. In the numerosity-directed condition subjects were motivated to direct attention to discrimination of numerosity, thereby causing attention to be diverted from processing of shape. Examination of the pattern of choices on the recognition test showed results that conformed best to the hypothesis of partial automaticity. PMID- 3159842 TI - Handedness and sex differences in selective interference of verbal and spatial information. AB - The purpose of this experiment was to investigate handedness and sex differences with regard to the way verbal and spatial information is coded in selective interference tasks. Left- and right-handed males and females were required to recall both letters and their positions in a matrix under three different kinds of interpolated conditions: visual, auditory, and noninterpolated activities. The results indicated that the selective-interference effect differed in right- and left-handers, whereas there were no differences by sex. Identity information had a dual encoding for both handedness groups, but it was relatively more biased toward visual encoding in left-handers than in right-handers; position information, however, was predominantly visually encoded--and to the same extent- in both handedness groups. These findings were interpreted as supporting the view that the differences in coding manner of right- and left-handers are related to differences in their hemispheric specialization. PMID- 3159844 TI - Consequences for the family in chronic illness. PMID- 3159845 TI - Problems associated with the typing of semen on anal swabs. PMID- 3159847 TI - Protection from herpes simplex virus-induced neuropathology in mice showing delayed hypersensitivity tolerance. AB - Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-susceptible mice inoculated under conditions favouring the preferential activation of T suppressor (Ts) cells acting on the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to the virus were protected from lethal herpes encephalitis and from central nervous system (CNS) demyelination (as reflected by ear paralysis), compared to controls given normal priming. Thus, suppressed DTH was not incompatible with recovery from acute infection and may indeed have been beneficial. Protection could be transferred by T cells from donors given a 'DTH tolerogenic' priming regime. It was unlikely that protection resulted from enhancement of other mechanisms such as cytotoxic T cell activation, antibody or interferon production, since no reduction of virus spread was observed in protected mice. In addition, several aspects of Ts cell activation by intravenous inoculation of avirulent HSV type 1 have been characterized. Suppression was virus dose-dependent and could be transferred to the efferent limb of a DTH response. Activation of Ts cells for DTH coincided with an enhanced antibody response. It is suggested that protection in this model may be mediated by Ts cells which act to limit DTH-mediated immunopathology in the CNS. PMID- 3159846 TI - Influence of C-terminal modifications of phi X174 lysis gene E on its lysis inducing properties. AB - The phi X174 gene E product (gpE) causes lysis of Escherichia coli by inducing the host autolytic system. Experiments were carried out to ascertain which part of the 91 amino acid polypeptide carries the functional site for this process. For this purpose fusion genes were created comprising the first 51 codons of gene E and unrelated sequences coding for 102 or 33 amino acids respectively. The chimeric protein of 153 amino acids consisting of the N-terminal part of gpE and a fragment of beta-galactosidase, was neither able to lyse E. coli nor to restore beta-galactosidase activity by alpha-complementation. Expression of the 84 amino acid polypeptide, however, was able to induce lysis of E. coli. It is therefore concluded that the functional lysis-inducing site of gpE is located within the cloned N-terminal part of gene E. In the shorter chimeric protein the sequence following the functional site was tolerated or necessary for stabilization, but in the longer chimeric protein, the C-terminal sequence disturbed the lysis inducing conformation. PMID- 3159848 TI - In vivo brain dialysis of amino acids and simultaneous EEG measurements following intrahippocampal quinolinic acid injection: evidence for a dissociation between neurochemical changes and seizures. AB - The extracellular content of taurine, glutamate, glutamine, and glycine was measured by the novel method of brain dialysis in the acute phases following an intrahippocampal injection of the excitotoxic convulsant brain metabolite quinolinic acid (QUIN). Using bilaterally implanted depth electrodes physically combined with hollow fibers for dialysis, it was possible to collect continuously brain perfusates while simultaneously monitoring brain activity in the unanesthetized rat. In separate animals, hippocampal amino acid tissue levels were measured 2 h after an intracerebral injection of a convulsant dose (156 nmol) of QUIN. When compared with those in animals receiving the nonconvulsant decarboxylation product of QUIN, nicotinic acid, no differences in tissue levels were detected. In contrast, the same dose of QUIN caused a selective increase (2.24-fold) in taurine levels in perfusates from the injected hippocampus. These changes were apparent prior to the onset of electrographic seizures and did not occur in the contralateral hippocampus where seizure activity was equally severe. Thus, increases in extracellular taurine, triggered by the presence of QUIN in the hippocampus, may reflect a selective tissue response to the neurotoxic (rather than the convulsant) effects of this excitotoxin. PMID- 3159849 TI - Late onset of Huntington's disease. AB - Twenty-five patients with late-onset Huntington's disease were studied; motor impairment appeared at age 50 years or later. The average age at onset of chorea was 57.5 years, with an average age at diagnosis of 63.1 years. Approximately 25% of persons affected by Huntington's disease exhibit late onset. A preponderance of maternal transmission was noted in late-onset Huntington's disease. The clinical features resembled those of mid-life onset Huntington's disease but progressed more slowly. Neuropathological evaluation of two cases reveal less severe neuronal atrophy than for mid-life onset disease. PMID- 3159852 TI - Reductions in soluble brain proteins in older subjects with Down's syndrome. AB - Soluble proteins from temporal cortex and caudate nucleus from 6 cases of Down's syndrome (5 aged over 50 and 1 aged 27 years) and 7 controls were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In older Down's syndrome cases, reductions in tubulin and 5 other proteins were observed in cortex which had the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease but not in caudate nucleus. No protein changes or neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease were found in the youngest Down's syndrome case. The protein changes appear to be associated with the neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease and not with Down's syndrome itself. PMID- 3159850 TI - Erythrocyte membrane abnormalities in patients with amyotrophic chorea with acanthocytosis. Part 1. Spin labeling studies and lipid analyses. AB - Low fluidity was observed in the erythrocyte membranes of familial chorea acanthocytosis by spin labeling with 12NS. The high content of the saturated fatty acids support the finding of low fluidity. Other lipid contents (cholesterol and phospholipids) and the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio were within normal ranges. The sharp decrease in the parameter, (h0/h-1)1/2, suggests phase separation deep inside the patients' erythrocyte membrane matrix. This distortion of the membrane matrix may be caused by membrane components other than the lipid components. PMID- 3159851 TI - Erythrocyte membrane abnormalities in patients with amyotrophic chorea with acanthocythosis. Part 2. Abnormal degradation of membrane proteins. AB - Bands 2.1, 3 and 4.2 of the erythrocyte membrane proteins in chorea acanthocytosis are self-digested faster than those in normal controls. The junction between spectrin and band 3 protein at the cytoplasmic side of the patients' erythrocyte membranes may have some conformational defects. The conformational defects of the proteins may be responsible for the low fluidity in the interior of the patients' erythrocyte membranes. These basic molecular defects may be widespread in other extraneural cell membranes as well as in neuronal cell membranes. PMID- 3159853 TI - Effects of training on skeletal muscle in protein-deprived rats. AB - The effects of exercise on atrophy of muscle fibres and loss of mitochondria in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles were studied in protein deprived rats. They had smaller muscle fibres than aged-matched control rats, the difference being more evident in type 2 than type 1 fibres both in the fast EDL and slow soleus muscles. The loss of weight was more pronounced in the EDL muscle which is composed mainly of type 2 fibres than in the soleus muscle which is composed mainly of type 1 fibres. Protein deprived rats subjected to a programme of periodic running on a treadmill for 12 weeks showed less muscle atrophy than sedentary, protein deprived rats. This effect of exercise in diminishing the degree of atrophy was more pronounced in the type 2 than type 1 fibres. The protein deprived rats which had been sedentary showed a marked loss of subsarcolemmal mitochondria, which was not seen in protein deprived rats undergoing exercise. PMID- 3159854 TI - Hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation in cultured cells from Down syndrome patients. AB - Down syndrome is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 and is comprised of a constellation of abnormalities including neuropathological features that closely resemble those characterizing the neurodegeneration of Alzheimer disease. Because cultured cell lines from patients with Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerations have a hypersensitivity to the lethal effects of DNA-damaging agents, we studied the response of Down syndrome lymphoblastoid lines to the lethal effects of ionizing and ultraviolet radiation. Lines from the four Down syndrome patients were more sensitive to X-rays than lines from 28 normal donors (P = 10(-4)), while survival of the Down syndrome lines after ultraviolet irradiation was not significantly different from normal. This hypersensitivity to X-rays, which may reflect defective repair of X-ray-induced DNA damage, represents the first abnormality common to cultured cells from both Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease patients. PMID- 3159855 TI - Comparison of electrophysiological and histochemical methods for assessing the spatial distribution of muscle fibres of a motor unit within muscle. AB - The spatial distribution of muscle fibres of a motor unit has been examined in patients with a variety of neuromuscular disorders using the fibre density (FD) technique of single fibre EMG and the enclosed fibre count (EFC) method, and the results of the two approaches compared. Agreement between the findings occurred in 64% of cases; an increase in both parameters was seen only in neurogenic conditions. FD was found to be more sensitive to minor disturbances of motor unit architecture as seen in myopathies and mild neurogenic states, and this factor together with sampling differences accounted for most of the discrepancies between the two methods. The finding of normal FD and EFC values in the presence of fibre type disproportion helped to exclude reinnervation as the cause by confirming the predominantly diffuse distribution of muscle fibres. PMID- 3159856 TI - Ultrastructural changes of the sensory nerve terminals in frog muscle spindle during dynamic stretch. AB - The sensory ending of the frog muscle spindle consists of bulbous swellings interconnected by thin, tube-like axonal branches. This study was made to determine if the bulb or thin tube regions are deformed to the same degree during dynamic stretch, by comparing spindles prepared in the relaxed and stretched states. Isolated muscle spindles were rapidly frozen, either in a completely relaxed state or at the end of dynamic stretch to 130% of the in situ length. Longitudinal sections for ultra-high-voltage electron microscopy revealed that dynamic stretch caused a decrease of 61.7% in bulb diameter, an increase of 88% in bulb length and an increase of 34.6% in bulb volume. The cross-sectional areas of the nonmyelinated terminals in the reticular and compact zones measured in electron micrographs decreased by 79.2% in the bulb region and 66.7% in the tube region during dynamic stretch. PMID- 3159857 TI - Biliary sclerosis and the implanted pump. PMID- 3159858 TI - Value of a 24-hour image (four-phase bone scan) in assessing osteomyelitis in patients with peripheral vascular disease. AB - The delayed images of the four-phase 99mTc phosphonate bone scan are compared with the delayed images of the three-phase study in patients with diabetes mellitus and/or peripheral vascular disease and suspected osteomyelitis. Three phase bone imaging includes an immediate postinjection radionuclide angiogram, a blood-pool image, and delayed static images to 7 hr. The four-phase study adds a 24-hr static image. The scan is positive for osteomyelitis if images show progressively increasing lesion to background activity ratios over time. The results of analyzing 21 three- and four-phase bone scans in 17 patients were correlated with clinical course, cultures, and/or x-rays, gallium scans, and CT scans. The accuracy of four-phase bone imaging for diagnosing osteomyelitis was 85%; for three phase, 80%. Sensitivity for four phase was 80%; specificity was 87%. Sensitivity for three phase was 100%; specificity was 73%. Since overall accuracy of the four-phase study is slightly better than three phase, in these patients with diabetes mellitus and/or peripheral vascular disease, the addition of a 24-hr image, creating a four-phase bone scan, is recommended. PMID- 3159859 TI - Simultaneous dual isotope studies in the diagnosis of infection. AB - A simultaneous dual isotope technique incorporating computer subtraction for the diagnosis of bone, joint, or soft-tissue infection using [67Ga]citrate and [99mTc]MDP or sulfur colloid is described. Comparison of this technique with visual congruence or noncongruence of the two radionuclide images in 41 patients shows that the two techniques have identical sensitivity (93%) and specificity (92%) but the computer technique gave additional information in 17% of all cases (44% of abnormals) concerning the anatomic location of the infective focus which aided in the subsequent surgical management of the patient. PMID- 3159861 TI - Exodontia in combined factor V and factor VIII deficiency. PMID- 3159862 TI - Langerhans cell surface densities in rat oral mucosa and human buccal mucosa. AB - We determined surface densities of Langerhans cells (LCs) in rat oral mucosa and human buccal mucosa by enumerating ATPase-positive dendritic cells in epithelial whole mounts. For the rat, mean surface densities per mm2 were 160 in anterior buccal mucosa, 640 in posterior buccal mucosa, 430 in the palate and 340 in the tongue. Human buccal mucosa showed a density of 890 cells per mm2. We conclude that LC densities in oral mucosa approximate those of external body sites, making them available in numbers sufficient to accomplish their postulated antigen presenting functions. PMID- 3159863 TI - Quantified marginal leakage of composites in vitro. AB - In this in vitro study the marginal leakage of three composite systems--Sevriton, Consize and Isocap--has been quantified as a function of time. The method used (v.d. Veen et al., 1984) consists of the determination of the amount of nitrogen gas passing through restoration margins at 2 atm. The results show that the marginal leakage of all composites decreased strongly with time and became negligible after about 1 month. If we rank the three systems investigated according to their marginal leakage we have Consize greater than Isocap greater than Sevriton. The data suggest that water uptake and subsequent expansion of the polymers account for the leakage decrease. PMID- 3159860 TI - Health implication of occupational exposures to hydrogen sulfide. AB - A five-year retrospective study of workers exposed to hydrogen sulfide in Alberta, Canada, was conducted, using the records of 250 workers who submitted claims to the provincial compensation board from 1979 through 1983. Fifty-four percent of the exposed workers became unconscious after exposure. Signs and symptoms with a neurological component accounted for the largest group of clinical findings. Respiratory and ophthalmologic effects were the other major groups of signs and symptoms. The overall fatality rate was 2.8%, significantly lower than that reported (6.0%) in a similar study a decade earlier. This is attributed to improved first-aid training and increased awareness of the dangers of hydrogen sulfide. Traumatic injury as a result of a fall after exposure was noted in 31 cases. PMID- 3159864 TI - Transplantation of a segment of ileum to the external abdominal wall: an animal model of intestinal mucosal hyperplasia. AB - When a segment of small intestine is transplanted to the external abdominal wall in rats adaptive changes occur in the exposed mucosa. These probably represent an extreme example of a physiological response to one type of trophic influence--the effect of mechanical trauma. The nature of the changes has been studied at 7 weeks after externalization using simple morphometry and a number of cytokinetic techniques (thymidine labelling, vincristine-induced metaphase arrest and the fraction-of-labelled-mitoses method), and comparisons drawn with the normal ileum. The exteriorized mucosa showed marked villus atrophy and hyperplasia of the crypts to three times normal size as a result of increases both in crypt length and crypt circumference. Neither metaplastic nor dysplastic epithelial abnormalities were observed. Crypt-cell production rate doubled in the hyperplastic crypts due to an increase in the size of the proliferation zone within the crypt, and the distribution of proliferating cells within the crypt changed. But cell cycle times were prolonged and more maturing cells were retained in the hyperplastic crypts. The potential usefulness of this model, particularly in carcinogenicity studies is considered. PMID- 3159865 TI - High incidence of aortic regurgitation following Kawasaki disease. AB - Among 131 patients with Kawasaki disease who underwent cardiac examinations from December 1979 to July 1984, six (4.6%) had aortic regurgitation documented on aortography. A protodiastolic murmur typical of aortic regurgitation was heard in four patients. Both cardiac enlargement on chest roentgenogram and ECG signs of left ventricular hypertrophy were demonstrated in only half of the patients. Of five patients who underwent a second angiographic study 1 year later, two no longer had aortic regurgitation; pulsed Doppled echocardiography at this point revealed aortic regurgitant flow in the remaining three patients. All patients had associated coronary artery aneurysms, and two patients developed subsequent myocardial infarction. The development of aortic regurgitation following Kawasaki disease has been considered to be causally related to the carditis that most frequently occurs during the acute stage of the illness. Our data indicate that aortic regurgitation is not rare but is an important additional cardiovascular complication of Kawasaki disease. PMID- 3159867 TI - The concomitant presence of gastroschisis and prune belly syndrome in a twin. AB - This is a report of a case of gastroschisis and prune belly syndrome in a black male infant, the second born of dizygotic twins. This infant died of sepsis secondary to peritonitis that developed from a leaking gastrostomy site. PMID- 3159866 TI - Isozyme study of Onchocerca volvulus and Onchocerca gutturosa in Guatemala. PMID- 3159868 TI - Evaluation of a one-year Swedish neonatal care population. AB - A one-year population of 527 newborn infants treated in a Swedish neonatal unit was studied with regard to the effectiveness of the neonatal care in rate of normal survival and rate of handicaps at 3 years of age. The effectiveness could be accurately calculated in terms of survival rate being 84% and 98% of outborns and inborns respectively, and in terms of survivors without neurodevelopmental handicaps at 3 years of age being 90% and 97%, respectively. From available data on the cost of the neonatal care it could be estimated that the average annual costs for rehabilitation care for a light or moderately to a severely handicapped child were 5.8 to 11.2 times higher than in average per patient in-hospital costs during neonatal treatment. It is evident that skills in specialized neonatal care are indispensable for optimal outcome for very small low birthweight infants below 1500 g or born before 30(-32) weeks of gestation. However, in order to evaluate the return on expenditure for prevention of handicaps from the viewpoint of society adequate data on effectiveness of treatment as well as economic cost efficiency are necessary for local and regional organization of neonatal care units. PMID- 3159869 TI - Activity of serum immunoglobulins G, A, and M to six anaerobic, oral bacteria in diagnosis of periodontitis. PMID- 3159870 TI - Human antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and natural killer cytotoxicity in periodontal disease. A preliminary report. PMID- 3159871 TI - Distribution and ultrastructure of subgingival plaque in beagle dogs with gingival inflammation. PMID- 3159872 TI - Morphological studies on periodontal disease in the cynomolgus monkey. I. Light microscopic observations on gingivitis. PMID- 3159873 TI - Morphological studies on periodontal disease in the cynomolgus monkey. II. Light microscopic observations on ligature-induced periodontitis. PMID- 3159874 TI - Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical similarities in the attachment of human oral epithelium to the tooth in vivo and to an inert substrate in an explant culture. PMID- 3159875 TI - Mirror symmetry of newly divided rat periodontal ligament fibroblasts in situ and its relationship to cell migration. PMID- 3159876 TI - Connective tissue attachment formation following exclusion of gingival connective tissue and epithelium during healing. PMID- 3159877 TI - Marginal soft tissue recessions with and without attached gingiva. A five year longitudinal study. PMID- 3159878 TI - The effectiveness of a fluoride varnish and a desensitizing toothpaste in treating dentinal hypersensitivity. PMID- 3159879 TI - The periodontal status of prospective and renal transplant patients. Comparison with systemically healthy subjects. PMID- 3159880 TI - Periodontal status in patients before and after renal allotransplantation. PMID- 3159882 TI - The death of Baby Doe. PMID- 3159881 TI - Estimation of renal blood flow by use of endogenous N1-methylnicotinamide in rats. AB - The usefulness of the renal clearance of endogenous N1-methylnicotinamide (NMN) as a probe for estimating the renal blood flow (RBF) was examined in rats. And the effect of experimental acute renal failure (ERF) on RBF was also examined in rats treated with glycerol, folate, salicylate, uranium and gentamicin by using this method. No significant difference was shown between the values of RBF determined by the NMN method and conventional p-aminohippurate (PAH) method in both the intact (control) and glycerol-ERF rats, suggesting the usefulness of the NMN method in determining RBF. No significant difference was also shown in RBF between the control and all ERF-rats studied, through significant decreases in the renal clearance of NMN and renal extraction ratio (ER) were observed in the ERF-rats except the gentamicin-treated rats. It was suggested that the endogenous NMN would be a useful probe to estimate RBF without constant infusion of exogenous substances. PMID- 3159883 TI - Inhibition of mucopolysaccharide sulfation using rabbit liver sulfotransferases. AB - A method of measuring the inhibition of sulfation of mucopolysaccharides employed the coupled-enzyme system of Wortman. The procedure utilized the phenol and mucopolysaccharide sulfotransferases of rabbit liver extract. Compounds tested as inhibitors included substituted salicylic acids and related compounds, some hydroxamic acids, other agents capable of metal-ion complexation, and miscellaneous compounds, mostly containing sulfur. The most effective inhibitors were vanillin oxime, salicylhydroxamic acid, and other substituted salicylic acid derivatives of weaker acid strength than salicylic acid. PMID- 3159885 TI - Electroneutral transport of organic cations in canine renal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV). AB - The effect of potential difference on the organic cation/H+ antiport system located in brush border membrane vesicles was examined. Potential difference was generated using K+ gradients and a K+-specific ionophore, valinomycin. Transport of a prototypic organic cation, 1N-[3H]methylnicotinamide (NMN), was assessed under conditions where K+ diffusion potentials generated transient intravesicular negative and positive states. The results demonstrate that NMN transport is independent of potential difference. The organic cation/H+ coupling ratio was studied by imposing transmembrane H+ and NMN gradients of varying magnitudes and measuring net flux of NMN for a 5-sec period. Consistent with an equilibrium thermodynamics model, no net NMN flux is observed when the NMN gradient from out to in is equal to the H+ gradient from out to in ([NMN]o/[NMN]i equals [H+]o/[H+]i). This suggests that the carrier is at equilibrium and that the stoichiometry for the organic cation/H+ antiport is 1:1. PMID- 3159884 TI - Potent enhancement of [3H]nitrendipine binding in rat cerebral cortical and cardiac homogenates: a putative mechanism for the action of MDL 12,330A. AB - [3H]Nitrendipine [( 3H]NTD), a specific high-affinity calcium channel antagonist, was used to label dihydropyridine binding sites associated with calcium channels in rat cerebral cortical and cardiac homogenates. A novel lactamimide compound, MDL 12,330A, has been shown previously to have negative inotropic and chronotropic effects in isolated working guinea-pig hearts and these effects are reversed by the administration of calcium. MDL 12,330A is potent in enhancing [3H]NTD binding in membranes prepared from the cerebral cortex and the heart, with EC50 values of 6.1 X 10(-8) and 3.4 X 10(-8) M, respectively, at 37 degrees C. This allosteric effect by MDL 12,330A is similar to that produced by a known calcium channel antagonist, d-cis diltiazem, which has been shown previously to enhance [3H]NTD binding at 37 degrees C. The extent of enhancement by MDL 12,330A depends on incubation temperature (37 degrees C greater than 25 degrees C greater than 0 degrees C). The mechanism of this enhancement by MDL 12,330A is due to a decrease in the dissociation rate constant of the dihydropyridine-calcium channel supramolecular complex. MDL 12,330A is the most potent drug thus far examined which demonstrates the enhancement of [3H]NTD binding. PMID- 3159886 TI - Current topical acne therapy (continuing education). PMID- 3159887 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: histochemical characterization of parasitized skeletal muscle fibers. AB - C57B1/6 mice were infected with Brasil strain Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes. The leg muscles of the mice were serial-sectioned with a cryostat, and individual fibers were classified histochemically as type I or type II on the basis of succinic dehydrogenase or adenosine triphosphatase activity. Although markedly more type II fibers were present in the leg muscles, the percentage of infected type I fibers was nearly five-fold higher than type II. This is the first demonstration of a preferential in vivo distribution of T. cruzi in muscle fibers based upon muscle type. PMID- 3159888 TI - The value of the MMPI conversion 'V' in the assessment of psychogenic pain. AB - The conversion 'V' is a familiar MMPI pattern which is traditionally used as a clinical marker of psychogenic pain. The 'V' form is assumed to arise because conversion suppresses depression thereby lowering scores on scale D, and exacerbates physical sensations thereby increasing scores on Hs and Hy. An inverse relationship between scales Hs and Hy, and D is therefore expected. These assumptions were tested in 102 patients with low back pain and organic findings, and 93 patients with non-organic findings. The pattern of correlation among the three scales did not distinguish organic patients from non-organic patients in which conversion is assumed to account for pain. Scale D was not inversely related to scales Hs and Hy in the non-organic group as expected from theory. The findings do not support the use of the conversion 'V' as a clinical marker. PMID- 3159889 TI - Cognitive factors in the performance level of chronic low back pain patients. AB - An experimental group of 39 chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients and an equal number of controls, matched for age and sex, completed questionnaires of self concept and performance motivation. SS were also tested on a standardized back stress physical test carried out with low external information and feedback. The results revealed a strong tendency for CLBP patients to have a negative self concept, confirming the findings of previous research. Poorer performance of the CLBP patients on the physical test measure of behavioural persistence and on physiological measures were unrelated to reported pain level or to poor physical condition. Compared to the controls, the chronic low back pain group was less able to estimate their physiological level of exertion, being inclined to overrate their actual individual effort. The interaction of a negative self concept and negative expectations is discussed. PMID- 3159890 TI - Can dental hygienists affect the periodontal health of the nation? Trends and potentials for dental hygiene. PMID- 3159891 TI - Fatal disseminated strongyloidiasis in an immunocompromised former war prisoner of the Japanese. AB - An ex-Far East prisoner of war (FEPOW) treated with corticosteroids for severe polymyositis died from multisystem strongyloidiasis and pyogenic meningitis. At necropsy larvae were widely disseminated in the lungs, liver, heart and brain. PMID- 3159892 TI - CO2 laser laparoscopy for the treatment of endometriosis associated with infertility. AB - Both medical and surgical therapy have been used in the treatment of infertility associated with endometriosis. Danazol has been used following screening laparoscopy to avoid the discomfort, expense and risk of laparotomy. The CO2 laser offers the advantage of precise excisional surgery at the initial laparoscopy and thus potentially avoids further surgery and the use of danazol. In 50 infertile women in whom initial or second-look laparoscopy revealed the presence of endometriosis, CO2 laser laparoscopy was used to excise (vaporize) the endometriotic lesions. At 7-19 months of follow-up, 11 patients had become pregnant. One pregnancy was ectopic, and one aborted. The estimated long-term pregnancy rate was 60% or greater. Of those who were not yet pregnant at this writing, 59% had either a cervical factor, male factor or both. There was a 70% decrease in the use of danazol for stage I endometriosis and a 78% decrease for stage II endometriosis without a decrease in the overall pregnancy rates when compared to those for previous therapy with laparoscopic coagulation. However, the highest pregnancy rates resulted from a combination of laparoscopic laser excision and danazol. PMID- 3159893 TI - Laser laparoscopy. A new modality. AB - Assuming that a surgeon could have a laser available during every laparoscopic procedure, two pertinent questions would need to be addressed. First, how often can, or should, one use the laser laparoscope? Second, what are its advantages over the conventional techniques of operative laparoscopy? These and several other, related questions were answered partially by a study of pregnancy rates after vaporization and adhesiolysis with laser laparoscopy in cases of stage I and II endometriosis. PMID- 3159894 TI - Application of simplified laser laparoscopy to preparation of the pelvis for in vitro fertilization. PMID- 3159895 TI - Modified method of open laparoscopy. AB - A modified method of open laparoscopy was performed on 175 patients. The operations were done from July 1978 through March 1983 at Orange Memorial Hospital, Orange, Texas. All the surgical laparoscopies were performed under general anesthesia with intubation. A double incision was used in all cases. There were no complications during surgery and no major postoperative problems. Cellulitis of the umbilicus was noted in three cases and stitch abscess of the second incision in one case. The majority of the patients were discharged from the hospital within 24 hours of surgery. This modified open method seems to be simple, safe and uncomplicated. PMID- 3159896 TI - Illness and the family. PMID- 3159898 TI - Neurochemical approaches to the pathogenesis of Down's syndrome. PMID- 3159897 TI - Hormone responses to clomiphene citrate in young chimpanzees. AB - The responses of gonadotropin and gonadal steroids to the administration of clomiphene citrate were studied in male and female chimpanzees, aged 3.6 to 9.9 years. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was significantly reduced after treatment in the prepubertal females (n = 4) and in early pubertal males (n = 2) but not in prepubertal males (n = 5). FSH was unchanged or increased in early pubertal females (n = 2) and late pubertal males (n = 2). There was no consistent response to treatment with clomiphene citrate by luteinizing hormone (LH) in either males or females, nor by 17 beta-estradiol in the females. Testosterone levels were reduced in the early pubertal males only. These results support the hypothesis that negative feedback by gonadal steroids is operative in prepubertal chimpanzees and that puberty is accompanied by a reduction in the sensitivity to such feedback. PMID- 3159899 TI - The relationship of congenital heart disease and respiratory infection mortality in patients with Down's syndrome. AB - Is respiratory infection mortality in Down's syndrome (DS) individuals due mainly to their congenital heart disease (CHD) or to other factors which subject most mentally retarded persons to risk? Detailed clinical and autopsy records of 137 institutionalized DS patients and 480 non-DS controls over 31 years yielded 42 DS subjects and 13 non-DS controls with congenital heart disease. These were compared to 20 DS patients and 20 controls without CHD. The DS and non-DS patients were matched for age, sex and IQ. DS patients had more CHD; controls had more pulmonary oedema. In neither group was there association between heart disease and death from respiratory infection. Nor did pulmonary oedema contribute importantly to such deaths. Such mortality, however, was associated with young age, short institutionalization and bedridden status. We conclude that respiratory infection death in DS individuals is due not primarily to heart disease but to factors which lead to mortality in the general population of retarded people. PMID- 3159900 TI - A multidisciplinary diagnostic/genetic study on the 105 patients with mental retardation of the E.S. Le Grange School. AB - A comprehensive genetic/diagnostic survey was undertaken at a special school for the mentally retarded involving 105 patients. Cytogenetic, biochemical and clinical investigations were undertaken to establish the contribution of the genetic factors to the problem of mental retardation. Apart from obtaining information about specific children, identifying families at risk, and providing genetic counselling in nearly 50% of cases, data was obtained which could be compared with other similar surveys. According to the aetiological groupings of the patients, 6.7% could be attributed to perinatal damage, 17.1% to chromosomal defects, 4.8% to biochemical disorders, 5.7% to other genetic causes, 12.4% to other prenatal damage, 1.9% to infections, and 51.4% to unknown causes. No individual with the marker X syndrome was found in this group. PMID- 3159901 TI - Incidence and prevalence of Down's syndrome--a discussion and report. AB - This paper seeks to demonstrate that a slow but steady rise in the Down's syndrome population can be expected. Studies concerned with Down's populations have been critically examined along with factors effecting such populations; i.e. better health care, changes in maternal child-bearing age, under-diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis. It is suggested that better health care and a reduction in under-diagnosis could create a recognized increase in the Down's syndrome population, but that the effect of changes in child-bearing age is questionable. The effect of prenatal diagnosis is less than might be anticipated and changes in public attitudes could reduce this effect even further. In view of conflicting data from many of the studies examined, a small investigation was carried out in the Sheffield and Buckinghamshire areas. Results from these surveys indicate a current overall incidence rate of 4.63 per 10 000 though there are differences between the two areas. PMID- 3159902 TI - Arthrin: a new actin-like protein in insect flight muscle. AB - There are one or more proteins of 50,000 to 60,000 Mr in the thin filaments of insect flight muscle. A protein of 55,000 Mr has been isolated from insect fibrillar flight muscle and called arthrin. Despite its higher molecular weight, arthrin is in many ways like actin. The amino acid composition of arthrin was similar to that of actin. There were similarities in the peptides produced by digesting the denatured proteins and mild digestion of polymerized proteins cleaved similar-sized fragments from arthrin and actin. Polymerized arthrin activated the Mg2+ ATPase of myosin to the same extent as actin and the ATPase was regulated by rabbit or Lethocerus troponin and tropomyosin. Arthrin did not itself act as troponin-T. Electron microscopy of negatively stained specimens showed that arthrin and actin filaments were similar in structure and that arthrin could be decorated by rabbit subfragment-1 to form normal-looking arrowheads. Arthrin formed paracrystals at an optimum concentration of MgCl2 (25 mM) that was somewhat lower than the optimum for actin paracrystals. Optical diffraction showed that the structure of the paracrystals was similar to those formed from actin. The mass of arthrin and actin filaments relative to phage fd was measured by scanning transmission electron microscopy; the relative mass of arthrin and actin was 1.33, in agreement with molecular weight estimations. Therefore arthrin has the properties of a heavy form of actin. The proportion of actin, arthrin and troponin-T in Lethocerus myofibrils was six moles of actin to one mole of arthrin and one mole of troponin-T. The function of arthrin is not known. PMID- 3159903 TI - Primary structure of the hip gene of Escherichia coli and of its product, the beta subunit of integration host factor. AB - We describe the isolation and sequencing of the hip gene of Escherichia coli and show that it encodes the beta subunit of integration host factor (IHF beta). In order to locate the coding region, we constructed a set of deletion mutants by exonucleolytic digestion of a fragment containing hip, determined which mutants were hip+ and which hip- by complementation, and then sequenced the ends of the critical deletions. The 5' end of the coding region was located precisely by comparing the deduced amino acid sequence to the actual N-terminal amino acid sequence of IHF. Our assignment of the coding region was further substantiated by the nucleotide sequences of a hip point mutant and of internal replacement mutations. We found a probable promoter for hip located about 85 base-pairs upstream from the initial AUG codon and about 75 base-pairs downstream from the 3' end of the neighboring gene, rpsA, and we constructed an IHF beta overproducer by fusing the coding sequences to the lambda pL promoter. A survey of known protein sequences revealed a close relationship between IHF beta and the type II prokaryotic DNA binding proteins (the "histone-like" proteins). This relationship is shared to a considerable extent by the other subunit of IHF, IHF alpha. A hip missense mutation that replaces a completely conserved glycine with aspartate has a null phenotype, suggesting that the conserved regions are functionally important. PMID- 3159905 TI - Proximity of regulatory light chains in scallop myosin. AB - The distance between the regulatory light chains of the two heads of the scallop myosin molecule was estimated with the aid of two photolabile cross-linkers, benzophenone maleimide and p-azidophenacylbromide. These cross-linkers selectively alkylate thiol groups and have a maximum length of about 9 A. One of the two regulatory light chains of scallop myosin was removed by treatment of myofibrils at 10 degrees C with EDTA and replaced with a foreign regulatory light chain carrying a cross-linker. Cross-linking between the scallop and foreign regulatory light chains was effected by photolysis. This was demonstrated by incubating nitrocellulose transfers of sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels of the photolyzed hybrid myofibrils with specific antibodies against the different light chains, followed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-125I-labeled secondary antibody. Scallop regulatory light chains cross-linked extensively (20 to 50%) with Mercenaria regulatory light chains (cysteine in position approximately 50) in solutions that induce rigor in skinned fibers (no ATP) and in relaxing solutions (ATP but no Ca2+). Neither the regulatory light chains of chicken skeletal myosin (cysteines 129 and 157) nor those of gizzard myosin (cysteine 108) were cross-linked to scallop regulatory light chains in either medium. These results indicate that the N-terminal portions of the myosin regulatory light chains can approach each other within 9 A or less, while the distance between the C-terminal halves exceeds 9 A, and support the view that the N termini of the regulatory light chains point toward the myosin rod. Since the relative distance between the regulatory light chains of the two myosin heads is not altered between rigor and rest, we suggest that motion of the essential light chains is mainly responsible for the observed difference in the relative positions of the regulatory and essential light chains between conditions of rigor and rest. PMID- 3159906 TI - Sequence of the left end of phage 21 DNA. PMID- 3159904 TI - An Escherichia coli mutant unable to support site-specific recombination of bacteriophage lambda. AB - We report the isolation of mutations in, and the characterization of, an Escherichia coli gene, hip, that is required for site-specific recombination of phage lambda. hip mutants are recessive and are located near minute 20 on the linkage map. The gene product is not vital to bacterial growth, since deletion mutants are viable. The absence of hip product reduces lambda integration to barely detectable levels and also reduces prophage excision, but less drastically. Certain mutations in the lambda int gene partially restore integration and excision in hip- hosts. Homologous recombination promoted by recA does not require hip function. In addition to their defect in site-specific recombination, hip mutants are unable to support lytic growth of phage Mu or of certain lambda mutants. Their pleiotropic phenotype closely resembles that of himA mutants, but complementation, mapping and DNA sequencing show that hip and himA are different genes. PMID- 3159907 TI - Antiandrogenic treatment of a gender-dysphoric transvestite. AB - A synthetic ovarian hormone, diethylstilbestrol, was used to reduce the desire to cross-dress in a 65-year-old, gender-dysphoric transvestite. Antiandrogens may be of use in treating patients refractory or inaccessible to other clinical approaches. PMID- 3159908 TI - Subchronic toxicology of humic acid following chlorination in the rat. AB - A subchronic 90-d study was conducted with chlorinated and nonchlorinated humic acids using male Sprague-Dawley rats. Body weight gain, terminal organ and body weights, food and fluid consumption, clinical chemistries, hematological parameters, and urinalyses were determined for all animals. Selected organs were examined microscopically. Significant findings were confined to those rats given the high dose of chlorinated humic acid (1.0 g/l total organic carbon). The terminal body weight and average weekly body weight gain were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in the high-dose group as compared to the distilled-water control group. This difference can be partially explained by a 16% lower daily fluid consumption. The average weight of the kidneys was significantly higher in the 1.0-g/l chlorinated humic group as compared to distilled-water controls. Hematological parameters and clinical chemistry values were normal in all treatment groups. The most significant finding was the increased incidence and severity of hematuria in the 1.0-g/l chlorinated humic acid group. A thorough histopathological examination of the entire urinary tract indicated that the most likely cause of the more severe incidences of hematuria in the rats was caused by crystalline deposits in the renal pelvis. PMID- 3159909 TI - An increase in the activities of glycolytic enzymes in rat lungs produced by nitrogen dioxide. AB - Male Jcl: Wistar rats were exposed to 2, 4, and 10 ppm NO2 for 14, 10, and 7 d, respectively, to examine the effect of NO2 on the lung glycolytic pathway, a major energy-generating system in the lung. A highly significant increase in the activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, pyruvate kinase (PK), and lactate dehydrogenase was observed after 5 d exposure to 10 ppm NO2, and a significantly higher value was maintained until d 7. Similarly, the activities of all enzymes examined increased significantly by exposure to 4 ppm NO2, reaching the maximum between 4 and 7 d of exposure, and then approached to near the control levels. The most remarkable increase was found in the PK activity, which reached 1.82- (p less than 0.001) and 1.53-fold (p less than 0.001) that of the control at d 5 (10 ppm) and d 7 (4 ppm) of exposure, respectively. Upon exposure to 2 ppm NO2, the PK activity of exposed animals was also increased to 1.23-fold (p less than 0.05) that of the control at d 7, and a higher activity was maintained until d 14. The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity of exposed animals increased significantly at d 3, 4, and 14 of exposures to 10, 4, and 2 ppm NO2, respectively, and a significantly higher value was maintained in the following period of exposure. These results show that short-term exposure of rats to 2-10 ppm NO2 induces the pulmonary systems concerning glycolysis and NADPH-generation. The generation of energy and NADPH in the lung may be enhanced by NO2 inhalation. PMID- 3159910 TI - Response of abdominal muscle to graded mechanical loads. AB - Abdominal muscle electromyograms were monitored in response to graded mechanical loads added to either inspiration or expiration in anesthetized cats. The surgical preparation, the apparatus, and the levels of loads applied (resistive, tracheal occlusion, and continuous positive pressure) were matched with those employed in our previous study on medullary expiratory neurons [Baker et al, 1979]. Although expiratory neuron firing was significantly increased by each of three graded levels of expiratory resistive loads, abdominal muscles were activated in only about 50% of the animals exposed to the highest-level resistive load. The smaller resistive loads failed to elicit any discernible abdominal muscle activity. These findings suggest that the lower motor neurons have a higher threshold for activation than the medullary neurons. Recruitment of medullary expiratory neurons and integration of synaptic input at the spinal level must play important roles in the response to expiratory loading. Abdominal muscles did not respond to mechanical loading during inspiration. Bilateral cervical vagotomy eliminated the abdominal muscle responses to expiratory loads. PMID- 3159911 TI - Divergence in adrenal steroid secretory pattern after thermal injury in adult patients. AB - The influence of thermal injury on adrenal secretion of dehydroepiandrosteron sulfate (DS) and cortisol was investigated in 19 adult patients. We found that within the first 5 days after burn trauma serum levels of DS were reduced to about one third the concentration in 21 similarly aged, nonstressed adults; serum cortisol levels in burned subjects were increased twofold over control levels. Serum DS levels were progressively lower, whereas serum cortisol concentrations remained relatively constant in burned patients between 6 and 55 days postburn. These data demonstrate prolonged alterations in adrenal steroid production after thermal injury and are suggestive that adrenal androgen production is, at least in traumatized subjects, regulated by factors other than ACTH. PMID- 3159912 TI - Cyproterone acetate for treatment of hot flashes after orchiectomy. PMID- 3159913 TI - Persistent photoaggravated cutaneous eruption induced by imipramine. PMID- 3159914 TI - Enteral feeding in burn hypermetabolism: nutritional and metabolic effects of different levels of calorie and protein intake. AB - Enteral nutrition was provided by continuous pump-controlled gastrostomy tube feeding for 14 days in 97 guinea pigs bearing a 30% full thickness burn. Seven defined combinations of caloric and protein intake were studied. With a caloric intake of 175 kcal/kg/day, equaling the measured energy expenditure, the animals receiving 10% of calories as protein had a significantly greater postburn weight loss (p less than 0.05) and muscle mass depletion (p less than 0.05), and a significantly lower muscle nitrogen concentration (p less than 0.05), serum albumin level (p less than 0.01) and liver nitrogen content (p less than 0.01). With the same caloric intake but with more than 20% of calories as protein, the weight loss and the muscle wasting were reduced, but not abolished, and the serum albumin level and liver nitrogen content were normalized. Also with the diets containing 200 kcal/kg/day the muscle tissue depletion could not be abolished. However, with this caloric intake, the animals given 20% of calories as protein had a lower weight loss and a higher serum albumin level (p less than 0.01), but also a greater fat infiltration of the liver (p less than 0.01). At both levels of caloric intake, the nitrogen balance correlated significantly with the level of nitrogen intake but did not correlate with the changes of body weight. The incidence of diarrhea was lowest in animals fed 20% protein calories at a caloric intake of 175 kcal/kg/day. All things considered, the best metabolic and nutritional results were obtained with diets containing 20 to 30% of calories as protein and providing a caloric intake that paralleled the measured energy expenditure. PMID- 3159915 TI - Studies on deflection area vectors of QRS and T and ventricular gradient in right ventricular hypertrophy. AB - QRS deflection area vector (Aqrs), T deflection area vector (At) and ventricular gradient (G) in right ventricular hypertrophy were studied in 53 subjects divided on the basis of cardiac catheterization data into four subgroups; normal controls, mild MS group, right ventricular pressure overload group and right ventricular volume overload group. Aqrs, At and G of the four subgroups were calculated using a microcomputer and compared. Aqrs in right ventricular pressure overload group and volume overload group was shifted to the right and slightly anteriorly from that in normal control group. At in right ventricular pressure overload group and volume overload group was shifted slightly upwards and significantly posteriorly from that in the normal control and mild MS groups. G in right ventricular pressure overload group and volume overload group was shifted to the right and significantly posteriorly from that in normal control and mild MS groups. Using multivariative analysis, we developed criteria for diagnosing right ventricular hypertrophy with At: 0.059At(Z) - 0.0145 [At] - 0.2608 less than or equal to 0. Application of this criteria achieved 82.4% (28 of 34) sensitivity in the patients with right ventricular hypertrophy and 90.9% (10 of 11) specificity in the normal control subjects. PMID- 3159916 TI - Histochemical, ultrastructural and cytochemical study of reperfusion effect on ischemic myocardial injury. AB - We assessed the histochemical, ultrastructural and cytochemical effects of reperfusion on ischemic myocardial cells during the early and late reperfusion phases in two groups of dogs. Group A were 8 dogs undergoing 1 hour occlusion of LAD, and Group B were 14 dogs undergoing 1 hour occlusion of LAD followed by 2 hour reperfusion period. The results of the histochemical study (PAS stain) demonstrated that in Group A, a patchy distribution of glycogen occurred primarily in the subepicardial region. Three-dimensional analysis of this distribution revealed peninsulas of glycogen running parallel with a vessel. The cells in Group B, mainly subepicardium, showed a moderate glycogen content which was more extensive than those in Group A. The ultrastructural changes were assessed after a 60-minute ischemia and subsequent recovery (after 5 minutes and 120 minutes of reflow) using transmural biopsy specimens. Each myocardial cell was graded from 0-4 according to the degree of ischemic injury and recovery. The degree of ischemic damage varied in intensity from slight to severe, in both the subepicardium and the subendocardium. Ca++-ATPase activity was examined cytochemically in myocardial cells of Group B. After 60-minute occlusion, the moderately ischemic cells (especially in the subepicardium) that were without amorphous dense bodies or marked sarcolemmal lifting-off made significantly greater ultrastructural recovery (p less than 0.05) with restoration of Ca++ ATPase activity on sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria after 120 minutes of reflow. This occurred even though after 5 minutes of reflow the cell showed temporary deterioration such as contraction bands, vacuoles and severe destruction of some mitochondria. PMID- 3159917 TI - Chronic instrumentation and its lack of effect on the hemodynamics and regional myocardial blood flow of conscious dogs. AB - The effects of chronic instrumentation on regional myocardial performance and regional myocardial blood flow were studied in 8 mongrel dogs. Regional segment lengths were measured by an ultrasonic dimension gauge technique at two areas of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and left circumflex coronary artery (LCX). Regional myocardial blood flow was measured by a tracer microsphere technique. These measurements were repeated while the animals were conscious on the 4th, 11th, 21st and 28th days after instrumentation. On the 4th day, the heart rate was rather high and regional shortening at both the LAD and LCX areas remained suppressed. After the 11th day, hemodynamic variables such as heart rate, left ventricular pressure and regional wall motion were fairly constant. Regional myocardial blood flow and its distribution were also constant throughout the experimental period. Fibrosis of the epicardium invariably induced by surgical procedures did not affect the distribution of regional blood flow as compared with that of the interventricular septum. Thus, a stable hemodynamic state was recorded after the 11th day following surgical manipulation and the implantation of sensors and catheters did not affect the level of regional myocardial blood flow or its distribution at rest. Such long term reproducible measurements of regional wall motion and regional myocardial blood flow may facilitate chronic studies of cardiovascular physiology. PMID- 3159918 TI - [Studies on the regulatory function of T cells in patients with multiple myeloma]. AB - Cases of increased OKT 8-positive T cells were found among patients with multiple myeloma, and the suppressor function of these fractions was studied. The suppressor activity of OKT 8 cells with myeloma was not increased in the Igs synthesis system. Therefore it was suggested that the increase of OKT 8 cells was not correlated to the activity of suppressor T cell function. PMID- 3159919 TI - [Platelet aggregation, thrombosis formation and prostaglandins]. PMID- 3159920 TI - [Prototype of a respiratory monitor using inductive transducers]. PMID- 3159921 TI - The distribution of GC, TF, PI and PGM1 subtypes in Yamagata Prefecture. PMID- 3159922 TI - [The usefulness of bone marrow scintigraphy in the detection of bone metastasis from prostatic cancer]. PMID- 3159923 TI - [A comparative study of bone scintigraphy and NMR for vertebral diseases]. PMID- 3159924 TI - [Myocardial uptake of thallium-201 in rat with cardiac hypertrophy]. PMID- 3159926 TI - [Ovum collecting surgery aided by peritoneoscopy and an ultrasonic guide]. PMID- 3159925 TI - [Nursing of a patient with chronic lumbar pain--success with autogenic training combined with biofeedback]. PMID- 3159928 TI - [Immunological studies on renal transplantation. V. Evaluation of mixed lymphocyte culture reaction based on protein synthesis]. PMID- 3159927 TI - Effects of aldose reductase inhibitor on retinal microangiopathy in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. AB - Wistar strain rats were made diabetic by injection of streptozotocin and divided into three groups fed on different diets: conventional solid foods, a fructose rich diet and a fructose-rich diet mixed with ONO 2235, an aldose reductase inhibitor. The retinas of these rats were examined in flat mount preparations after trypsinization. Microvascular changes such as capillary tortuosity, microaneurysms, pericyte loss, that are typical of diabetic retinal microangiopathy, were seen most frequently in the rats fed on the fructose-rich diet. The rats fed on the fructose-rich diet with ONO 2235 showed much less vascular change than the diabetic rats fed on the conventional food. Electron microscopy of the retina revealed localized thickening of the basement membrane of the retinal capillaries, and this was most frequent in the fructose-fed rats. However, in rats fed on fructose with ONO 2235 the changes of the basement membrane were slight. It was concluded that the aldose reductase inhibitor, ONO 2235, prevented development of diabetic microangiopathy, probably by suppressing the enzymatic activation of aldose reductase in the retina. PMID- 3159930 TI - [Diagnostic value of the analysis of immune complexes in acute appendicitis]. PMID- 3159929 TI - Activation of human and rabbit prokallikrein by serine and metalloproteases. AB - Human and rabbit kidney and urine contain an inactive form of kallikrein. Studies on the mRNA sequence suggested that the active form of the enzyme and the propeptide are linked by a peptide bond between a basic and hydrophobic amino acid. We studied the activation of prokallikrein by serine proteases and a neutral metalloproteinase, thermolysin, because serine proteases cleave the peptide chain after a basic amino acid and thermolysin before a hydrophobic amino acid. The activity of kallikrein was measured by RIA and with a fluorogenic peptide substrate. Trypsin was used as a standard reference activator. We found that human plasmin and plasminogen, activated by urokinase, activate prokallikrein. Pronase coupled to Sepharose also enhanced the activity of the renal kallikrein zymogen. On a molar basis, thermolysin was a more effective activator of prokallikrein than trypsin. The activation by thermolysin was blocked by the inhibitor phosphoramidon, but not by DFP or SBTI. These experiments indicate that, in addition to serine proteases, neutral metalloproteases of tissues may activate prokallikrein. PMID- 3159931 TI - [Results of emergency laparoscopy in middle-aged and aged patients with acute diseases of the abdominal organs]. PMID- 3159932 TI - Sudden onset irritant dermatitis in a car component factory. PMID- 3159933 TI - Comparative evaluation of the auditory responsiveness of normal infants and profoundly multihandicapped children. AB - Responses to sound were observed in two groups of children. One was developmentally normal; the other was older but profoundly multihandicapped. The groups had developmental ages from 2 to 4 months, as assessed by the Kent Infant Developmental Scale (Katoff, Reuter, & Dunn, 1978). Stimuli were speech and random noise, both unfiltered and band-pass filtered at 2000 Hz, presented at 40, 60, and 80 dB HL. Responsiveness was determined from the confidence levels of observers' judgments of videotapes. Results showed that there were no significant differences between the subject groups. In both groups, however, responsiveness was dependent on hearing level and bandwidth but not on meaningfulness. The results support the practice of evaluating auditory responsiveness of multihandicapped children in relation to developmental age. PMID- 3159934 TI - A burn induced Ly-2 suppressor T cell lowers resistance to bacterial infection. AB - Suppressor T cell activity after major burn injury in a murine model has been well characterized. Suppressor cells have also been demonstrated in patients after major burn, and suppressor cell activity has been temporally correlated with septic episodes. A splenic Ly-2 T suppressor effector (Tse) cell appearing 7 days after a 30% full thickness burn has been identified in a murine model. A rat monoclonal antibody (14-8c3-12) directed against a factor produced by the Tse cell (Tsef) can enhance depressed in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) responses of Day 7 burn spleen cells without enhancing control spleen cell activity. Additionally, 14-8c3-12 can block the suppressive effect of these burn T cells on normal T cells. A cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model using a 25 gauge needle (LD15) was used to assess the contribution of burn T cells to post CLP mortality. Normal spleen cells injected into syngeneic recipients followed by CLP did not affect mortality (13%). Burn spleen cells injected into normal recipients enhanced mortality sixfold (90%) after CLP. The effect could be reversed by removing Ly-2 T cells (30% mortality) but not Ly-1 T cells (100% mortality) prior to cell transfer. Simultaneous injection of 14-8c3-12 antibody with burn T cells reduced mortality after CLP significantly (20%). Injection of 14-8c3-12 did not improve survival after CLP in control animals not injected with burn T cells (20%). Ly-2 T suppressor effector cells found in the spleens of mice 7 days postburn enhance the lethality of a purely bacterial septic challenge. A monoclonal antibody to the Tsef can reverse this effect in vivo. PMID- 3159936 TI - Bacterial adherence to vascular grafts after in vitro bacteremia. AB - All currently used arterial prosthetics have a greater susceptibility to infection following bacteremia than does autogenous tissue. This experiment compares quantitative bacterial adherence to various prosthetic materials after bacteremia carried out in a tightly controlled and quantitative fashion. Ten centimeters long, 4 mm i.d. Dacron, umbilical vein (HUV), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts, as well as PTFE grafts with a running suture line at the midportion were tested. Each graft was interposed into a pulsatile perfusion system modified from a Waters MOX 100 TM renal transplant pump. Indium-111-labeled Staphylococcus aureus were added to heparinized canine blood to give a mean concentration of 4.7 X 10(6) bacteria/cc. This infected blood was recirculated through each graft for 30 min at a rate of 125 cc/m, 100 Torr (sys), 60 beats/min. The gamma counts/graft were used to calculate the number of bacteria/cm2 of graft surface. After nine experiments, a mean of 9.63 X 10(5) bacteria/cm2 were adherent to the Dacron, 1.04 X 10(5) bacteria/cm2 to the HUV, and 2.15 X 10(4) bacteria/cm2 to the PTFE. These differences were all significant at the 0.05 level. The addition of a suture line increased bacterial adherence to the PTFE graft by 50%. These results suggest that PTFE is the vascular graft material of choice when a prosthetic graft must be implanted despite a high risk of subsequent clinical bacteremia. Our in vitro, pulsatile perfusion model gave accurate and reproducible results, and appears well suited for further studies of bacterial, or platelet adherence to grafts, as well as the biomechanics of vascular conduits. PMID- 3159935 TI - Adult human endothelial cell compatibility with prosthetic graft material. AB - We have developed a system for the in vitro evaluation of the interaction of human adult endothelial cells (HAEC) with prosthetic vascular graft material. HAEC, isolated from adult human iliac veins, proliferated vigorously in culture for approximately 70 population doublings. The large number of HAECs produced permitted high-density seeding of prosthetic grafts. Samples of prosthetic material were immobilized on a plastic ring and were used either untreated or coated with extracellular matrix, fibronectin, or plasma. HAEC were seeded at high density and adherence was evaluated by light and electron microscopy after a 2-hr incubation. While essentially no HAEC adhered to untreated grafts, treatment of grafts with either extracellular matrix, plasma, or fibronectin resulted in dramatic adherence of HAEC. The highest density of HAEC adherence was observed on collagen-coated Dacron grafts, and was equal to the cell density observed in confluent monolayers of HAEC grown on gelatin-coated tissue culture plastic. This study demonstrates a method capable of determining HAEC-graft biocompatibility prior to the use of an in vivo system. PMID- 3159937 TI - Verapamil inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation and function in vitro. AB - Calcium is a divalent cation which acts both as a cofactor for critical protein function and as a "second signal" to trigger cytosol events after membrane depolarization. The presence of calcium is critical to T-lymphocyte function. Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker at the membrane level and may affect cytosol calcium-calmodulin as well. Verapamil effect was measured on two assays of lymphocyte proliferation (concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin lectin and alloantigen stimulated) and on cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Verapamil inhibited proliferation at 10(-5) M doses and abrogated it at 10(-4) M. Verapamil interferes with critical calcium-mediated events in T lymphocyte proliferation and function. T-lymphocyte calcium channel blockade may be an effective immunosuppressive strategy. PMID- 3159939 TI - Management of congenital stenosis of a branch pulmonary artery with balloon dilation angioplasty. Report of 52 procedures. AB - Twenty-four children, aged 4 months to 16 years (nine patients 2 years old or younger), underwent balloon dilation angioplasty of hypoplastic or stenotic branch pulmonary arteries between July, 1981, and April, 1984. Most children had tetralogy of Fallot, with or without pulmonary atresia, or isolated peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis. Fifty-two dilations were attempted, 44 in the catheterization laboratory and eight in the operating room. Of these, 26 (50%) were judged successful; the average vessel diameter on angiogram increased from 4.1 +/- 0.3 to 7.2 +/- 0.3 mm (76%), the gradient across the narrowed segment fell from 60 +/- 10 to 36 +/- 5 mm (40%), pressure in the main pulmonary artery or right ventricle proximal to the obstruction decreased from 83 +/- 10 to 66 +/- 6 mm Hg (20%), and the radionuclide-determined fraction of cardiac output directed to the lung ipsilateral to the dilated pulmonary artery increased from 40 +/- 4 to 51 +/- 4 (28%). All changes were significant at the p less than 0.005 level. Reasons for failure included inadequate technique (balloon too small, inability to position balloon or wire) in 14 and the refractory nature of the lesion itself in 11. Technical failures were age independent. Nondilatable lesions were more common in children more than 2 years old (10/25 versus 1/10) or with isolated peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis (5/7). Five of seven stenoses near previous shunts were nondilatable. One child exsanguinated when the pulmonary artery ruptured during dilation, but other complications were few. Eight dilations, followed up for an average of 6 months after dilation, showed angiographic persistence of improvement; two of four lesions were successfully redilated to a larger size. Balloon dilation angioplasty appears beneficial, both short and long term, for some patients with hypoplastic or stenotic branch pulmonary arteries, especially if performed early in life. PMID- 3159938 TI - Plasma androgens during the luteal phase in a case of true hermaphroditism with bilateral ovotestis. AB - A true hermaphrodite with a bilateral ovotestis and a 46 XX karyotype was studied. This 14-year old subject developed ambiguous puberty with bilateral gynecomastia and stage IV public hair. Relatively high level of testosterone (T) (2.80 ng/ml), was found. The 5 alpha-reductase activity for T in the pubic skin was similar to that observed in normal adult males. A hemorrhagic corpus luteum in the left ovotestis was observed at laparotomy. The luteal phase immediately after dexamethasone administration (1 mg/day for 7 days) was characterized by a significant decrease of plasma androgens, T and androstenedione (A). The constantly low level of T (0.30 ng/ml) during the luteal phase in this subject did not appear to be due to the previously administered dexamethasone. This decrease of T production in the luteal phase might be secondary either to the increase of the estradiol-17 beta (E2) secreted by the corpus luteum or to the decrease of LH levels. Both mechanisms might act concomitantly. PMID- 3159940 TI - Cardiac operations in patients over 80 years of age. AB - Twenty-five patients between 80 and 89 years of age underwent a variety of cardiac surgical procedures. Operative mortality was 4%. Perioperative complications were frequent and resulted in an increased hospital stay postoperatively (mean 19.5 days). At a mean follow-up of 29.1 months, 21 patients (84%) are alive, with improvement in functional class from 3.4 to 2.0 (p less than 0.005). Cardiac operations can be performed in patients over 80 years of age with low mortality and significant symptomatic benefit. A high incidence of complications necessitates careful monitoring but should not represent a contraindication to the surgical management of advanced heart disease in this group. PMID- 3159941 TI - Isoenzyme studies in human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines--III. beta-Hexosaminidase (E.C. 3.2.1.30). AB - The hexosaminidase (beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase) isoenzyme profiles of 86 human hematopoietic cell lines grown actively in suspension culture were analysed by isoelectric focusing and by conventional disc electrophoresis on horizontal thin layer polyacrylamide gels. A maximum of three hexosaminidase (Hex) isoenzymes (A = anodic, I = intermediate, B = basic) could be demonstrated. The immunological phenotyping of 74 leukemia-lymphoma derived cell lines had led to a categorization into four groups with a subclassification of the T- and B-cell lines into several stages of differentiation: 26 T-cell, 34 B-cell, 6 myelomonocytic and 8 Non-T, Non-B cell leukemia-lymphoma cell lines. Twelve so called 'normal' B-lymphoblastoid cell lines were also available. Distinct isoenzyme profiles were seen in the different stages of differentiation in the T- and B-leukemia-lymphoma cell lines. Among the 12 normal B-lymphoblastoid cell lines heterogeneity in the isoenzymatic phenotypes was detected. Hex isoenzyme expression in normal and neoplastic lymphoid cell lines represents hypothetically sequential stages of T- and B-cell differentiation. Myelomonocytic cell lines displayed strongly stained bands of all three isoenzymes. Heterogeneity was seen in the group of Non-T, Non-B cell lines. Four out of 5 pre B-cell lines and 4 out of 4 Non-T, Non-B cell lines which are comparable to cases of pre B- and common ALL revealed a high Hex I/Hex A ratio in terms of intensity of the isoenzyme bands. The analysis of Hex isoenzymes is useful for characterizing lymphoid and myeloid populations (both normal and malignant, cultured or fresh), particularly with regard to their stage of differentiation. But this enzyme should be part of a multiple enzyme study where the information obtained is complementary. In turn, enzyme marker analysis should be included in the multiple marker analysis for an optimized characterization of leukemic cells. PMID- 3159942 TI - Functional and phenotypic analysis of a T cell prolymphocytic leukemia. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from a patient with prolymphocytic leukemia expressed the surface membrane markers characteristic of resting mature T helper lymphocytes. These cells responded to the T cell mitogens PHA and Con A in a blast transformation assay but not the anti-T cell monoclonal antibody Leu 4 and the B cell mitogen, PWM. The concentration of PHA or Con A eliciting maximum blast transformation was less than that required by normal mononuclear cells. The leukemic cells recognised and responded to allogeneic pooled mononuclear cells in a mixed lymphocyte culture. In addition, although they did not express Ia antigens, they served as effective stimulators in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. Consistent with the helper phenotype, the leukemic cells did not produce suppressor factors, but provided help for normal B-enriched lymphocytes to respond to PWM as assessed by both blast transformation and IgG production. T lymphocyte colonies developed when the leukemic cells were treated with PHA during a 20 h liquid culture prior to being seeded into semisolid agar medium containing either PHA or an IL2-containing lymphokine. There was no growth when untreated cells were seeded directly into IL2-containing agar. Analysis of colony formation indicated that, as with normal resting T lymphocytes, proliferation occurred in two distinct steps; activation in response to PHA and replication in response to IL2-like growth factors. These findings demonstrate that in this case the helper T prolymphocytes have the functional capabilities of normal mature T lymphocytes as predicted from their helper phenotype. PMID- 3159943 TI - Variation by race in presenting clinical and biologic features of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: implications for treatment outcome. PMID- 3159944 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, alone or in combination with streptokinase therapy, during acute myocardial infarction. AB - The treatment strategy in 66 consecutive patients who underwent invasive therapy for acute myocardial infarction was analyzed, and specific attention was focused on the role of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. The following four treatment regimens were used: angioplasty alone (11 patients), angioplasty followed immediately by administration of streptokinase (15), streptokinase therapy alone (11), and streptokinase therapy followed by angioplasty (29). Reperfusion was achieved in 91%, 80%, 82%, and 72% of these subgroups, respectively. Angioplasty was particularly helpful in patients with severe residual stenoses after intracoronary administration of streptokinase and in patients in whom streptokinase therapy failed to reopen the occluded artery. Angioplasty further reduced the residual stenosis in 11 of 15 patients (73%) with successful thrombolysis, and it restored blood flow in 10 of 14 patients (71%) in whom thrombolysis had failed to do so. The incidence of reinfarction after therapy was similar in all four treatment groups. Patients in whom angioplasty was used either alone or in combination with streptokinase therapy had a significantly decreased incidence of subsequent revascularization (less than 30% compared with 82%). Angioplasty is of considerable value in patients undergoing invasive therapy for acute infarction. In some patients, it may be used as the only treatment; in others, it may be used to treat severe residual stenosis after initial streptokinase therapy. Finally, angioplasty achieves reperfusion in most patients in whom streptokinase therapy has failed. PMID- 3159945 TI - Immunosenescence. Clinical and pharmacologic considerations. AB - The effect of aging on the immune response is highly variable. Many individuals appear to maintain adequate immunologic function throughout life, whereas others have severely depressed immunologic responses accounting for disease activity. Both cellular- and humoral-mediated responses may be abnormal in the elderly. Aberrant function of immunoregulatory cells, effector T cells, and antibody producing B cells contribute to poor immunity in the aged. Immunoenhancement in the elderly by pharmacologic agents appears promising. Several agents have been demonstrated to improve immune responses when administered to aging animals and humans. Although these studies are encouraging, it is not known if enhancement of immune responses in the elderly will be associated with clinical benefits. This issue must still be examined. PMID- 3159947 TI - Catecholamine-induced cardiac hypertrophy in a denervated, hemodynamically non stressed heart transplant. AB - Studies of stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy suggest that myocardial mass is regulated by the circulating level of epinephrine. The trophic effect is mediated by cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors, and in the murine, rat, and dog heart, specifically by beta 2-adrenergic receptors. The well-characterized functional effects of catecholamines on heart have obscured their role as myocardial trophic hormones. Therefore, we compared the effect of beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation on the myocardial mass of both a working innervated heart and an essentially nonworking denervated heterotopically transplanted heart in the same rat; in this model, the neural and stretch parameters are nonoperational in the transplanted heart. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), an enzyme elevated in a dose dependent manner in heart by isoproterenol, was assayed in both hearts to determine the relationship between ODC activity and myocardial mass in response to isoproterenol administration in working, innervated heart compared to denervated, nonworking heart. In both recipient and donor heart, the myocardial mass paralleled the ability of an isoproterenol bolus to stimulate ODC in the respective heart. However, beta-adrenergic receptor activity in the donor heart was decreased 5 days after transplantation as assessed by the differential ability of a single dose of isoproterenol to stimulate ODC activity. Beta receptor coupling to ODC activity in the donor heart exceeded that of the recipient heart at 10 days posttransplantation suggesting a time-dependent elevation of beta-adrenergic receptor activity in donor heart. At all times, alterations in myocardial mass paralleled beta-adrenoceptor activity as assessed by the ability of isoproterenol administration to elevate ODC activity. The results support the concept that myocardial mass is regulated by the level of circulating hormones, particularly epinephrine. PMID- 3159946 TI - Identification of aldosterone secretion inhibitory factor in bovine adrenal medulla. AB - We report the first demonstration of an Aldosterone Secretion Inhibitory Factor (ASIF) in acid extracts of bovine adrenal medulla. Following separation from catecholamines and enkephalins, this factor leads to an 80% inhibition of PGE1 stimulated secretion of aldosterone from bovine adrenal zona glomerulosa. ASIF is retained on cation exchange gels and behaves as a small 5K-dalton peptide on Sephadex G-50. This factor cross-reacts in a radio-receptor assay for [125I] atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). ASIF is distinct from all neuropeptides formerly detected in the adrenal medulla, e.g. somatostatin, enkephalin, neuropeptide Y, dynorphin, neurotensin. In the adrenal gland, this ANF-like factor is predominantly found in the medulla (4 pmol/mg protein), with only trace amounts in the cortex (0.1 pmol/mg protein). ASIF might perhaps correspond to the endogenous ligand for the receptor sites that we have previously identified with [125I]ANF in bovine adrenal cortex and could contribute to the formerly reported attenuating influence of the adrenal medulla on mineralocorticoid production. PMID- 3159948 TI - Beta-endorphin-(10-16) antagonizes behavioral responses elicited by melatonin following injection into the nucleus accumbens of rats. AB - The behavioral changes induced by low doses of melatonin bilaterally injected into the nucleus accumbens of rats (decrease of locomotor activity and rearing and increase of grooming and sniffing behavior) were not affected by local pretreatment with beta-endorphin, but could be completely antagonized by alpha type and gamma-type endorphins. Structure activity relationship studies revealed that the peptide beta-endorphin-(10-16) contains the essential information in this respect. The lowest effective dose of this peptide was 10 pg. The peptide, in contrast to gamma-type endorphins, did not interfere with the decrease of locomotor activity and rearing induced by injection of low doses of apomorphine into the nucleus accumbens. It is concluded that the described action of beta endorphin-(10-16) resembles that of serotonin and various antidepressant drugs. PMID- 3159949 TI - [Dispensary care for children with urinary tract diseases--the basis for preventing the development of chronicity in nephro- and uropathies]. PMID- 3159951 TI - Integration of bacteriophages lambda and phi 80 in wild-type Escherichia coli at secondary attachment sites. II. Genetic structure and mechanism of polylysogen formation for lambda, phi 80 and the lambda att80 hybrid. AB - The frequency of occurrence and the genetic structure of polylysogens were studied for phages lambda, phi 80 and lambda att80. In the case of lambda, frequency of polylysogenization is high (0.20 to 0.41) with a tandem integration of prophages at the primary att site (att lambda). With phi 80 and lambda att80, this frequency is about 10 times lower, and usually one prophage becomes integrated at the primary att site (att80-I) while another (sometimes two others) integrates at one of the secondary sites. At least four secondary att80 sites have been found in wild-type Escherichia coli, two of which (near the his and tolC loci) are preferred. The frequency of secondary integration of phi 80 and lambda att80 does not differ significantly in the wild-type host and in that deleted for the primary att site (0.041 and 0.045, respectively, among surviving cells at an MOI of 10). Homoimmune superinfection has revealed a constitutive cI independent expression of the phi 80 int gene in the prophage state. The only phi 80 tandem detected proved to be unstable. With the phi 80int- mutant, we observed stabilization of phi 80 tandems; as a consequence, their frequency of occurrence during coinfection with phi 80int+ was up to the lambda level and no nontandem insertions were found. A model is proposed for the phi 80 and lambda att80 nontandem integration. PMID- 3159952 TI - [Use of a gelatin-resorcinol-formol glue in tooth extractions without replacement therapy in patients with hemophilia or severe thrombopathies]. PMID- 3159950 TI - SOS induction by thermosensitive replication mutants of miniF plasmid. AB - MiniF, a 9.3 kb fragment of the dispensable F plasmid, carries genes necessary for its replication and partition as well as for the expression of an SOS signal. The arrest of replication of a thermo-sensitive miniFts at 42 degrees C induced SOS functions such as prophage lambda, sfiA expression, W-reactivation of UV irradiated phage lambda. Two miniF ts9 and ts17 mutations were located within the KpnI fragment (43.6-46.9) in the minimal oriS replicon. Blocking miniF replication by incBC+ incompatibility genes situated in trans on a second plasmid also induced SOS functions. In contrast, if miniFts17 plasmid escaped the replication block at 42 degrees C by being inserted into pR325, there was no SOS induction. SOS induction by the arrest of miniF replication required the miniF lynA+ locus in cis, the host recA+ and lexA+ genes. We found that SOS induction was increased greatly near the stationary phase and that cell viability declined. During host cell exponential growth, miniFts9 and miniFts17 plasmids were lost rapidly, although SOS induction persisted for several cell generations. We postulate that lynA expresses a persistent product that may lead to the unwinding of chromosomal DNA. PMID- 3159953 TI - Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in Down's syndrome: report of a case and review of cytogenetic findings. AB - A case of a child with trisomy 21 and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMBL) is reported. Histological examination of the bone marrow showed progressive fibrosis and replacement with megakaryoblasts. The diagnosis was confirmed by platelet peroxidase reaction and immunofluorescent staining with anti-factor VIII. Serial cytogenetic studies using banding techniques at various stages during the course of the disease (preleukemia, leukemia, remission, and relapse) showed several chromosomal abnormalities (unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 1 and 4 leading to trisomy 1q, trisomy 7q, monosomy 7p, and a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 10 and 16). AMBL in childhood is probably more common than previously reported. Any association between AMBL and a particular cytogenetic abnormality must await further cytogenetic studies, specifically those employing banding techniques. PMID- 3159954 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of opisthorchiasis in the Dzhezkazgan district of the Kazakh S.S.R]. PMID- 3159955 TI - [The status of diphyllobothriasis in various northern regions of the European area of the RSFSR in relation to the planned redistribution of water reservoirs]. PMID- 3159957 TI - [Study of the focus of visceral leishmaniasis in southeastern Turkmenistan during its activation]. PMID- 3159956 TI - [Effect of climatic factors on the prevalence of strongyloidiasis]. PMID- 3159958 TI - [Possibility of long flights of mosquitoes to the settlements under protective control of gerbil colonies]. PMID- 3159959 TI - [Epizootologic and epidemiological characteristics of opisthorchiasis in the Aktiubinsk district]. PMID- 3159960 TI - [Approaches to the standardization of farms infested with Ornithodoros ticks]. PMID- 3159961 TI - Lack of genetic and in vitro metabolic activity of potently carcinogenic azoxyalkanes. AB - 4 carcinogenic azoxyalkanes (azoxymethane, azoxymethane and the 2 mixed methyl ethyl compounds) were examined for activity in the Salmonella histidine reversion assay and in a lambda-lacZ prophage induction assay. Because azoxyalkanes are isomeric with nitrosodialkylamines, and might be expected to generate the same active intermediates, their biological activity was investigated under conditions which would allow direct comparison with these well-studied carcinogens. However, none of the azoxyalkanes, which are liver carcinogens, showed significant activity in either microbial assay in the presence of liver S9. In addition, metabolism studies with liver microsomes or hepatocytes indicated that the compounds were metabolized only to a small extent, if at all, under the conditions examined. This inactivity of the azoxyalkanes contrasts with the considerable activity in these assays - and the substantial metabolism - of the isomeric nitrosodialkylamines, also liver carcinogens. These results suggest that the carcinogenic action of azoxyalkanes proceeds through alternative metabolic pathways that are not adequately modeled by the assays and in vitro conditions used here. PMID- 3159962 TI - A high affinity Ca2+-dependent ATPase in the surface membrane of the bloodstream stage of Trypanosoma rhodesiense. AB - Addition of Ca2+ (0.01-1 mM) to a standard Trypanosoma rhodesiense Mg2+-ATPase assay failed to elicit any increase in activity. However, in the absence of externally added Mg2+ and using calcium-EGTA or calcium-CDTA to precisely maintain free metal ion concentration, it was possible to measure a specific Ca2+ ATPase. Cell fractionation studies revealed this ATPase to be predominantly associated with subcellular particles having an equilibrium density of 1.22 g cm 3 and identified as surface membrane. Using a discontinuous sucrose gradient, a surface membrane enriched (SME) fraction, only slightly contaminated with mitochondria as judged by dichlorophenolindophenol-linked alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity, was prepared. The SME fraction exhibited Ca2+-ATPase activity, using 200 nM free Ca2+, of 90 and 21 mU mg-1 protein, respectively, using CDTA and EGTA as buffering ligands. This latter result was most unexpected and indicated that the Ca2+-ATPase, in addition to having no Mg2+ requirement, was inhibited by submicromolar levels of Mg2+. The Ca2+-ATPase was found to have a K0.5 = 128 +/- 22 nM free Ca2+, the response to increasing Ca2+ concentration displaying an extremely high degree of co-operativity (Hill number (nH) = 4.9). The enzyme was found to be highly substrate-specific for ATP with K0.5 = 6.2 +/- 0.61 microM ATP. A Hill plot of the reaction velocity as a function of ATP concentration indicated two substrate binding sites (nH = 1.55). A range of potential modulators of ATPase activity were investigated, with only vanadate (V2O3-8) having any effect: 47% inhibition at 5.0 microM. The Ca2+-ATPase was unaffected by the calmodulin antagonists chlorpromazine (50 microM) and trifluoperazine (50 microM), whilst addition of calmodulin failed to produce any stimulation of activity. It is concluded that the kinetic properties of this ATPase are compatible with a potential role in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ in bloodstream T. rhodesiense. PMID- 3159963 TI - Cimetidine and common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. PMID- 3159964 TI - Emergency coronary angioplasty in refractory unstable angina. AB - We performed percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty as an emergency procedure in 60 patients with unstable angina pectoris that was refractory to treatment with maximally tolerated doses of beta-blockers, calcium antagonists, and intravenous nitroglycerin. The initial success rate for angioplasty was 93 per cent (56 patients). There were no deaths related to the procedure, although total occlusion occurred in four patients. Despite emergency bypass grafting, all four sustained a myocardial infarction. All the patients were followed for at least six months. Late cardiac death occurred in one patient, whereas eight had recurrent angina pectoris. There was no progression to myocardial infarction. The restenosis rate was 28 per cent (13 of 46) in the patients with initially successful coronary angioplasty who had repeat angiography. Improved cardiac functional status after sustained successful coronary angioplasty was demonstrated by an almost normal capacity on bicycle exercise testing and the absence of ischemia during thallium isotope studies in 80 per cent. We conclude that emergency percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty may be useful for the treatment of selected patients with unstable angina pectoris who are unresponsive to intensive pharmacologic treatment. PMID- 3159966 TI - Chitin synthetase from the yeast and mycelial phases of Blastomyces dermatitidis. AB - Chitin synthetase (E.C.2.4.1.16) from mixed membrane fractions of the yeast and mycelial phases of Blastomyces dermatitidis were compared. The behavior of the enzyme from both phases was very similar: N-acetylglucosamine was stimulatory (Km 8.5 mM for yeast and 3.9 mM for mycelium); substrate Michaelis-Menten kinetics were sigmoidal; substrate Km of enzyme from yeast decreased from 3.0 mM at low N acetylglucosamine (5 mM) levels to 1.4 mM at high (100 mM) levels; substrate Km of enzyme from mycelium was essentially unchanged at 1.4 mM; temperature optimum was 28 degrees C; pH optimum was 7-7.5; Mg+2 optimum was 5-10 mM. The greatest difference was that enzyme from yeast was extracted in a mostly latent form that required trypsin treatment for maximal in vitro activity while enzyme from mycelium was extracted in an active form which was rapidly deactivated by trypsin treatment. PMID- 3159965 TI - In situ characterization of autoimmune phenomena and expression of HLA molecules in the pancreas in diabetic insulitis. AB - After the death of a 12-year old girl with newly discovered insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, we used monoclonal antibodies in an effort to identify the cells invading the pancreas. The majority of infiltrating lymphocytes were of the T cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype, but other T-cell subpopulations were present. Some of the T cells were "activated" (positive for HLA-DR antigen, and the interleukin-2 receptor). Immunocytes bearing IgG were scattered in the gland, and complement-fixing IgG antibodies were deposited in some islets. Increased expression of Class I (HLA-A, B, and C) molecules was observed in the affected islet cells, and in damaged islets showing scant lymphocytic infiltration, some beta cells (still producing insulin), but not glucagon or somatostatin cells, were HLA-DR positive. The capillary endothelium was markedly dilated and strongly HLA-DR positive. These findings may contribute to an understanding of the sequence of events leading to the destruction of beta cells in classic Type I diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3159967 TI - Phosphorylation of the glucose transporter in vitro and in vivo by protein kinase C. AB - The Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) is present in many mammalian tissues, and its important physiological protein substrates are only now beginning to be identified. A useful advance in identifying these intracellular substrates has been the recognition that the kinase is the receptor for phorbol esters, which stimulate phosphotransferase activity. Phorbol ester induced changes in protein phosphorylation in intact cells may thus be taken, in part, as a probable indication of protein kinase C activation. The many cellular effects of phorbol esters include the stimulation of glucose uptake, although the response of glucose uptake to phorbol esters appears to be complex, apparently varying in response time and requirement for protein synthesis. Such observations prompted us to explore one possible explanation for the alteration of glucose uptake, namely, phosphorylation of the glucose transporter by protein kinase C. We report here that incubation of purified human erythrocyte glucose transporter with rat brain protein kinase C results in the phosphorylation of a protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 50,000-60,000 which has subsequently been identified as the glucose transporter by specific immunoprecipitation with a monoclonal antibody. Immunoprecipitation of membrane proteins from 32P-labelled human erythrocytes revealed a phorbol ester-stimulated phosphorylation of the transporter. This covalent modification of the glucose transporter may thus, in part, underlie the ability of phorbol esters and certain hormones to stimulate glucose uptake. PMID- 3159968 TI - Controlling roles for snurps. PMID- 3159969 TI - [Revascularization of extensively stenosed or nearly occluded carotid arteries]. AB - Various therapeutical procedures in patients with extensive and/or distal stenoses of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are discussed. Possible complications are pointed out, such as cerebral embolism during percutaneous intraluminal angioplasty or symptomatic occlusion of the stenotic segment after extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass operation involving haemodynamic changes. In suitable cases, a combined method of endarterectomy and angioplasty is recommended, and the results of 8 cases treated by this method are reported with a distinct post-operative increase of the ICA blood flow. Follow-up remained without recurrent ischaemic attacks. PMID- 3159971 TI - "Pre" subclavian steal syndromes and their treatment by angioplasty. Hemodynamic classification of subclavian artery stenoses. AB - Early modifications of the flow in the vertebral artery due to subclavian artery stenosis are presented. They have been successfully treated by angioplasty of the subclavian artery. A hemodynamic classification into four types of subclavian artery stenosis is also presented. PMID- 3159970 TI - Transcutaneous angioplasty of vertebral artery atheromatous ostial stricture. AB - The authors report experience of intravascular angioplasty of atheromatous ostial strictures of the vertebral artery in 24 patients. After reviewing the technique, they outline the indications provided through Doppler velocimetric data. The results seem to be encouraging as symptoms disappeared completely in 21 patients. PMID- 3159972 TI - CSF beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia. AB - We measured CSF levels of the opioid peptides beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin in patients with Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia and controls. In both dementia groups, the mean concentration of beta-endorphin was significantly lower than in controls. The mean beta-lipotropin levels did not differ significantly in the two groups. The low CSF beta-endorphin level may relate generally to dementia. PMID- 3159973 TI - 3H-spiroperidol binding sites in lymphocytes of patients and individuals at risk of Huntington's disease. PMID- 3159974 TI - Alzheimer's disease in Down's syndrome: clinicopathologic studies. AB - Clinical and neuropathologic evidence points to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in seven Down's syndrome patients above age 40. Dementia was observed in these patients over periods of 2.5 to 9.2 years. The first clinical sign of AD, visual memory loss, was succeeded by impaired learning capacity and decreased occupational and social functioning, and culminated in seizures and urinary incontinence. The morphometric observations of the brains of these seven patients with AD showed that the numbers of plaques and tangles exceeded 20 per 1.5 X 10(6) microns2 area, in both the prefrontal and hippocampal cortices. Plaques and tangles were also evident in the basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, and midbrain. In addition, we found that four of the seven brains showed small strokes, and five of the seven amyloid angiopathy. This study also indicates that by longitudinal neuropsychological evaluations and lab tests, which exclude other causes of dementia, the diagnosis of AD can be made even in severely and profoundly retarded patients. PMID- 3159975 TI - [rS complex in V1 in chronic complete left branch block: a possible electrocardiographic criterion for left ventricular dilatation]. PMID- 3159977 TI - Is waning of a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-mediated syndrome due to 5-HT2 receptor down-regulation? AB - The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake inhibitor, paroxetine (11.6 mg/kg i.p.), given to rats pretreated with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, phenelzine, 18 h (46.8 mg/kg i.p.) and 90 min (11.7 mg/kg i.p.) before, evoked a 5-HT-dependent syndrome which included wet-dog shakes (WDS). The frequency of WDS declined over the ensuing 3 h, at which time cortical 5-HT2 receptors showed a significant (30%) decrease in number. A second injection of paroxetine given at this time did not evoke a significant increase in the number of WDS, suggesting that spinal 5HT2 receptors might also have been down-regulated at the same time. PMID- 3159976 TI - Dopamine D2 receptors photolabeled by iodo-azido-clebopride. AB - Iodo-azido-clebopride, a photoaffinity compound for dopamine D2 receptors, had high affinity for canine brain striatal dopamine D2 receptors with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 14 nM. Irradiation of striatal homogenate with iodo-azido clebopride irreversibly inactivated 50% of dopamine D2 receptors at 20 nM (as indicated by subsequent [3H]spiperone binding). Dopamine agonists and antagonists prevented this photo-inactivation with the appropriate rank-order of potency. Striatal dopamine D1, serotonin (S2), alpha 1- and beta-adrenoceptors were not significantly inactivated following irradiation with iodo-azido-clebopride. Thus, iodo-azido-clebopride is a selective photoaffinity probe for dopamine D2 receptors, the radiolabelled form of which may aid in the molecular characterization of these proteins. PMID- 3159978 TI - Dissolving a lifetime of lower back pain with chemonucleolysis. PMID- 3159979 TI - Experience with full-dose hepatitis B vaccine in Wellington Hospital staff. AB - Full-dose intramuscular hepatitis B vaccine was given to 42 staff in the dental and renal departments at Wellington Hospital. Immune levels of anti-HBs were obtained in 41 of 42 (98%) staff six months after the first dose of vaccine. In 3 of 38 (8%) staff given three doses of vaccine, anti-HBs levels fell to below the immune range 18 months after the first dose, and a fourth booster dose was given, with subsequent restoration of immune levels of anti-HBs. The commonest side effect noticed was temporary soreness at the injection site, which occurred in 33% of doses. Two staff experienced positional vertigo after the first and second doses of vaccine, and the third dose was therefore omitted. PMID- 3159980 TI - Abdominal wall repair with polypropylene mesh in pregnancy. AB - A woman in her 34th week of gestation required emergency appendectomy for perforation, with postoperative wound dehiscence secondary to fasciitis and tension on the suture line. Polypropylene mesh was used to repair the abdominal wall. Fetal distress necessitated a cesarean section. The mother and child both survived without functional impairment. The indications, the disadvantages, and the unresolved issues concerning the use of polypropylene mesh during pregnancy are presented. PMID- 3159981 TI - [Tuberculin testing--significance and sources of error]. PMID- 3159982 TI - [Whooping cough vaccination in the public health service--evaluation of vaccination practice at the Flensburg public health center]. PMID- 3159983 TI - [Prediction of the incidence of suicide in West Germany]. PMID- 3159984 TI - [10 years of day care centers in West Germany]. PMID- 3159985 TI - [Sudden infant death--results of a Berlin study]. PMID- 3159986 TI - [Ornithosis immunodiagnosis--immunodiagnostic study of an ornithosis epidemic]. PMID- 3159987 TI - [Occupational medicine problems in females in social medicine evaluations--I]. PMID- 3159988 TI - Characterization of laminin-stimulated adherence and motility in tumor cells. AB - Laminin was shown to stimulate attachment, spreading and motility in a line of murine tumor cells. The stimulated cells began to attach and spread within 1 h and remained attached and spread throughout a 48-hour observation period. Pretreatment of the cells with laminin for 24 h beforehand did not interfere with their ability to bind laminin in a second treatment. Laminin-stimulated attachment and spreading occurred in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ or Mg2+, but not in the absence of both divalent cations. A number of cell function inhibitors blocked the adherence response, but were only partially effective even at high concentrations. These characteristics of laminin-stimulated adherence are different from those of the adherence response stimulated by peptide chemotactic factors and phorbol esters. PMID- 3159989 TI - The patient with ichthyosis. Report of a case. AB - The ichthyoses are a group of hereditary disorders that share in common the accumulation and shedding of large amounts of hyperkeratotic epidermis. Little is known about the oral manifestations of these disorders. Following a review of the literature, a case study is presented and the dental management of the patient with ichthyosis is discussed. PMID- 3159990 TI - CT in low back pain syndrome. AB - CT has become the imaging modality of choice for diagnosing the specific cause of low back pain syndrome. This article describes and illustrates those abnormalities commonly associated with low back pain: disk herniation, spinal stenoses, facet joint abnormalities, spondylosis, inflammatory conditions of the lumbar spine, and sacroiliitis. PMID- 3159992 TI - [The care of invalids and war veterans]. PMID- 3159991 TI - CT evaluation of the failed back surgery syndrome. AB - Inadequate low back care has now been clearly identified as perhaps the greatest single waste of health care resources in the United States. Low back care failure represents a particularly frustrating and challenging entity. Statistics suggest that 25,000 to 50,000 FBSS cases occur each year. This is a public health problem that should be of the highest level of concern. Modern understanding and technical prowess allow us to study past therapeutic failures and thus gain the knowledge necessary to do better in the future. We sincerely hope that our colleagues will give careful consideration to the material presented here. PMID- 3159993 TI - [Organization of the dispensarization and treatment of invalids and participants in World War II]. PMID- 3159994 TI - [Use of a new type of balloon catheter in intraoperative angioplasty]. PMID- 3159996 TI - [Indications, results and problems in coronary angioplasty]. PMID- 3159995 TI - [Hyperpigmentation caused by amiodaron]. PMID- 3159997 TI - [Staphylococcal infections in premature and newborn infants]. PMID- 3159998 TI - Treatment of backache with spinal injections of local anesthetics, spinal and systemic steroids. A review. AB - Low back pain and sciatica have been treated with peridural local anesthetics for over 80 years and with epidural and subarachnoid steroid injections for a quarter of a century. This review surveyed the literature concerning the evolution, pathophysiology, complications and results of this type of therapy. The volume injected and the method used vary with different physicians and no standard has been established. Good results from this treatment which vary from 20 to 95% decrease on long-term follow up. Statistical significance is absent if compared with other forms of therapy. It is the authors' opinion that the rationale for the use of spinal local analgesics or steroids or intramuscular steroids has not been scientifically proven. Complications with the use of subarachnoid steroids are sufficiently serious that this form of therapy should be condemned. In this age of accountability it is imperative that therapies with questionable benefits should be critically evaluated. PMID- 3159999 TI - Self-concept: an outcome of a program for spinal pain. AB - Changes in self-concept were studied in 50 patients with chronic spinal pain who underwent a 4 week inpatient program. Treatment included increasing quotas for activity and walking, patient education, reduction in pain medications, and reinforcement of non-pain behaviors. The instrument used to measure change was the counseling form of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS). The test was administered upon admission to the program, at discharge, and at 1, 3, and 6 months following discharge. TSCS scores were also compared with those of patients who failed to complete the program and of a quasi-control group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The spinal pain group improved significantly on 8 scales of the TSCS, while scores for the arthritis patients were constant over the 6 month period. The program had a positive effect on self-concept and thus should be considered for patients with chronic spinal pain. PMID- 3160000 TI - [Midges of the genus Culicoides (Ceratopogonidae) and an evaluation of the critical level of their population that bothers humans]. AB - The fauna of some species of the genus Culicoides in the forests of the Novgorod region was studied. The method of calculatin "on person" has shown that C. riethi and C. punctatus are dominant species. The critical level of abundance of midges disturbing people in recreation areas was determined (6 to 10 bites of C. riethi midges for 15 minutes). It was noted that people avoided recreation areas if the number of bites was over 40 for 15 minutes of calculation "on person". PMID- 3160001 TI - [Seasonal dynamics of the extent of the infestation of the vendace by the cestode Proteocephalus exiguus (Cestoda, Proteocephalidae) in Karelia]. AB - In two lakes of Karelia the infection dynamics of vendace (Coregonus albula L.) with the cestode Proteocephalus exiguus (La Rue) was studied in the summer-autumn period. 2006 specimens of vendace were dissected. Regularities of variations in the infection extensiveness depend on ecological characters of a water body and are modelled by various polynomes. PMID- 3160002 TI - [Geographical variability of the causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis]. AB - A study of the phenetics of the zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis agent in Uzbekistan and subzone of southern and northern deserts has made it possible to separate a northern population (or a group of populations) of the agent. It differs from the southern population (or southern ones) in having smaller sizes of the amastigote stage, greater abundance of parasites in cutaneous affections of gerbils, milder progress of leishmaniasis in white mice and great gerbils. This population can be called priaral, i.e. belonging to the subzone of northern deserts of the Turan lowland. PMID- 3160003 TI - Exercise and the heart. A review of cardiac pathology associated with physical activity. PMID- 3160004 TI - Jean seam coccygodynia. PMID- 3160005 TI - Electrical stimulation of arterial and central chemosensory afferents at different times in the respiratory cycle of the cat: II. Responses of respiratory muscles and their motor nerves. AB - The response patterns of the electrical activity of the respiratory motor nerves and muscles to brief electrical stimulation of the arterial and the intracranial chemosensory afferents were studied in anesthetized cats. Stimulation during inspiration increased the activity of phrenic nerve and the inspiratory muscles (intercostal, diaphragm) with a latency of 15-25 ms, whereas expiratory muscle activity in the following expiration remained almost unaltered. Stimulation during expiration increased the activity of expiratory nerves and muscles (intercostal, abdominal) after a delay of 80-120 ms. The later the stimulation occurred in the ins or expiratory period the larger the increase in amplitude and in steepness of rise of the respective integrated activity in respiratory nerves and muscles. Stimulation in early inspiration shortened the discharge period of inspiratory muscles, whereas excitation in early expiration caused an earlier onset and prolonged the activity in the expiratory muscles. Stimulation in the late phase of ins- or expiration prolonged the discharge of the respective nerves and muscles. Both the arterial (carotid sinus nerve, CSN, and aortic nerve, AN) and intracranial chemosensory (VM) afferents stimuli were able to affect both the inspiratory and the expiratory mechanisms. The restriction of the effects to the phase of the stimulus suggests a mechanism by which these afferents, when activated during inspiration, effectively project only to inspiratory neurones, and vice versa for expiration. PMID- 3160006 TI - Changes in tension generation and ATPase activity in skinned muscle fibres of the carp following temperature acclimation. AB - Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were acclimated to either 7 degrees C or 23 degrees C for 1-2 months. Skinned fibre preparations were isolated from the white myotomal muscle, and ATPase activity measured during maximal isometric contractions. At 7 degrees C, fibres from the cold acclimated fish were found to generate more force than those from warm acclimated fish (123.1 and 97.2kN m-2 respectively), and more "work" (force X time integral) was obtained for each ATP hydrolysed. ATP turnover per myosin head in fibres from cold-acclimated fish was lower than in fibres from warn-acclimated fish (1.85 and 2.84 ATP S1(-1) s-1). PMID- 3160008 TI - The strange case of the disappearing reports. PMID- 3160009 TI - Bathrooms designed for the disabled. PMID- 3160007 TI - Atrial and ventricular myosin ATPase--divergence with increasing animal species size. AB - Myosin was isolated from mouse, rat, rabbit, pig and bovine atrial and ventricular myocardium and Ca2+-ATPase activity was examined. In the mouse the ATPase activity of myosin was the same in atrial and ventricular myocardium. In larger animal species, the activity of atrial myosin ATPase was higher than that of ventricular myocardium and the larger the animal species the greater the divergence between the activities of atrial and ventricular myosin ATPase. The relevance of these observations to regulation of heart contractility is discussed. PMID- 3160010 TI - [The role of anticholinergic drugs in the treatment of bronchospastic conditions]. PMID- 3160011 TI - [Role of serotonin in the regulation of the circulatory system]. PMID- 3160012 TI - Epidural steroid therapy for low back pain. PMID- 3160014 TI - Carcinoma of the prostate: remission of paraparesis with inhibitors of bone resorption. AB - We describe a patient with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate associated with paraplegia. The patient also had Paget's disease of bone elsewhere. Because the neurological lesion was thought to be due to Paget's disease, the patient was treated with inhibitors of bone resorption. Treatment rapidly induced clinical remission and inhibition of bone resorption, and withdrawal was associated with relapse. This suggests that such agents may be of value in the treatment of bone disease of prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 3160013 TI - Platelet-inhibitor therapy in cardiovascular disease. Effective defense against thromboembolism. AB - Platelet deposition can occur in areas of vascular damage and on prosthetic materials such as heart valves or grafts; mural thrombus formation, with eventual organization, progression to fatal occlusion, thrombolysis, or arterial embolization can follow. Use of antiplatelet drugs in patients undergoing certain cardiovascular surgical procedures or having rapid progression of atherosclerosis may reduce the thromboembolic risk. PMID- 3160015 TI - Leg length inequality and low back pain. PMID- 3160016 TI - [Forms of integrative work in the elementary area--initial impressions of the status in Bavaria]. PMID- 3160017 TI - [Glycoregulation disorders in giant-cell arteritis]. AB - Eight patients with giant cell arteritis (6 with Horton's disease and 2 with polymyalgia rheumatica) were investigated for abnormalities in glycoregulation, previously reported in Horton's disease, using oral glucose tolerance tests with measurement of insulinaemia and C-peptide response to glucagon to evaluate pancreatic function. The results were compared with those obtained in an age and weight matched population of patients with inflammatory syndromes of other origins. All patients with giant cell arteritis had abnormal glucose tolerance tests, with diabetes mellitus in 6 and impaired glucose tolerance in 2. Insulinaemias at all stages of the test, insulin response areas and basal C peptide values were elevated; C-peptide response to glucagon was normal. Similar results were observed in patients with other inflammatory syndromes. It is concluded that glycoregulation disorders are not incidental in giant cell arteritis, that the normal pancreatic function seems to exclude immune pancreatic vasculitis, and that the abnormal glycoregulation is probably due to insulin resistance. Since these abnormalities cannot be explained by the patients' advanced age alone, the part played by the inflammatory syndrome, which was common to both groups, is discussed. Its responsibility for inducing insulin resistance may account for the fact that corticosteroids, which are rapidly effective against giant cell arteritis, normalise oral glucose tolerance tests. PMID- 3160018 TI - [Hypophosphoremia during mechanical ventilation for chronic obstructive bronchopathies]. AB - Hypophosphoremia may interfere with respiratory function in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) through different mechanisms: muscular exhaustion and weakness. Accordingly, the frequency and magnitude of hypophosphoremia was studied in 36 consecutive patients with acute respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation. Initial phosphoremia was normal (1,32 +/- 0,12 mmol/l) but often and rapidly decreased in all patients after mechanical ventilation had been started (0,54 +/- 0,14 mmol/l after 24 h). After this, phosphoremia remained low, slowly increasing with continued enteral nutrition (2000 Kcal, 276 g of glucides, 33 mmol/l of phosphorus). Four patients had severe hypophosphoremia after 24 h of mechanical ventilation (less than 0,30 mmol/l). Phosphoremia returned to a normal level 36 h after extubation. Hypophosphoremia was closely linked to pH improvement (r = + 0,67, P less than 0,001) and was paralleled by a drop in phosphaturia, suggesting intra-cellular penetration of phosphorus. PMID- 3160019 TI - [Histological transformation of low malignancy lymphoproliferative syndromes. Clinical and developmental study of 32 cases]. AB - Fourteen out of 283 patients with chronic lymphoid leukaemia, 2 out of 47 with Waldenstrom's disease and 16 out of 136 with low malignancy lymphoma (follicular with predominant small cleaved cells, mixed follicular with small and large cells, or diffuse lymphocytic) underwent histological transformation of their disease into a highly malignant lymphoma (immunoblastic in 14 of the 32 cases). There are no clinical or biological signs that predict these changes which seem to occur haphazardly in time. Seven patients died within one month of the diagnosis. The classical treatments failed. Complete remission was obtained in 5 cases with the intensive and sequential chemotherapy used for initially aggressive lymphomas. PMID- 3160020 TI - [Relations between physical exertion and protein-energy metabolism. Application to nutritional support of hospitalized patients]. AB - The relationship between physical activity, nutritional requirements and protein energy metabolism is well-established. However, and contrary to bedside practice at home, non-ambulatory techniques of enteral or parenteral nutrition are often used in hospitalized patients, even those who are able to move about. The purpose of the present study is: (a) to review the relationship, as we know it at present, between physical activity and protein metabolism in both normal subjects and patients with denutrition, and (b) to demonstrate that using from the start, or as early as possible, ambulatory techniques of enteral or parenteral nutrition does represent, both physiologically and psychologically, a decisive step forward in the care of hospital patients. PMID- 3160021 TI - [Prevention of radiolesions of the small intestine by intrapelvic silicone breast prosthesis]. AB - In a patient with non resectable pelvi-perineal recurrence of epidermoid carcinoma of the anus, a silicone breast prosthesis inserted into the lower pelvis made it possible to irradiate the malignant lesion without risk of radiation-induced damage to the small intestine displaced upward by the prosthesis. This unusual technique, indicated when epiplooplasty cannot be performed, has several advantages over other techniques of radioprotection of the small intestine. PMID- 3160022 TI - [Preoperative denutrition: is the assay of fibronectin a good marker in cancer patients?]. PMID- 3160023 TI - [Rhabdomyolysis in a severe form of Parkinson's disease]. PMID- 3160024 TI - [Immediate allergy to ethylene oxide in a hemodialyzed patient]. PMID- 3160025 TI - [Obliteration of a bronchopleural fistula by the YAG laser under thoracoscopy]. PMID- 3160026 TI - [An unusual cause of segmental edema: anisakiasis]. PMID- 3160027 TI - [Cost of iatrogenic hypercalciuria]. PMID- 3160028 TI - [Diplopia and hypersomnia caused by flunitrazepam]. PMID- 3160029 TI - [Cutaneous vasculitis in Mediterranean boutonneuse fever]. PMID- 3160030 TI - [Talc pleurodesis. Treatment without danger?]. PMID- 3160031 TI - [Methods of cell sorting during autologous or allogeneic bone marrow grafts. Hopes and uncertainties]. PMID- 3160032 TI - [Treatment of severe hyperthyroidism by plasma exchange. Clinical and biological efficacy. 8 cases]. AB - The effectiveness of plasmapheresis was evaluated in 8 patients with severe thyrotoxicosis of diverse origin and clinical manifestations, who underwent a total of 22 plasma exchanges. The method proved rapidly effective in controlling the symptoms in 6 cases. No adverse reaction was noted. In all patients plasma exchanges significantly reduced plasma concentrations of total thyroxine and triiodothyronine and of thyroxine-binding globulin, without effect on free thyroxine and triiodothyronine fractions. The satisfactory clinical results obtained can only be explained by displacement of thyroid hormones from the intracellular compartment. The hormonal variations observed were proportional to the initial hormone concentrations, to the amount of thyroxine-binding globulin removed and to the plasma volume purified. It is concluded that plasmapheresis rapidly extracts thyroid hormones and is therefore useful in the treatment of acute severe thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 3160033 TI - [Incidence of acquired infection in the surgical departments of 5 hospitals]. AB - A program for monitoring nosocomial infections was implemented in the surgical units of five hospitals. The overall incidence of infections after clean surgery varied from 6.6% to 15% depending on the units. Surgical wound infections were in the 2.8 to 5% range, which corresponded to 30-66% of nosocomial infections. The main septic complication of surgery in 2 of the 5 units was urinary tract infection, with an incidence of 1.6 to 7.8%. Bacteriaemia complicating urinary tract infections and intravenous catheter infections accounted for 4% to 16% of all infections. Staphylococcus aureus was responsible for 40 to 77% of surgical wound infections and Escherichia coli for 30 to 50% of urinary tract infections. After a 4-5 months period of monitoring, the incidence of nosocomial infections was reduced by 32 to 68% depending on individual units. PMID- 3160035 TI - [Digestive localizations of sexually transmitted diseases in male homosexuals]. AB - The common practice of sexual relations with many different and anonymous partners and the great variety of responsible micro-organisms account for the high incidence, growing complexity and uneasy prevention of sexually transmitted diseases of the digestive tract in male homosexuals. Syphilis, gonorrhoea, papillomas, chancroid, donovanosis, herpes virus or Chlamydia infections are known to be transmitted by anal coitus; amebiasis, giardiasis and shigellosis by oro-anal contact (faecal contamination). Still under discussion, however, are the predominant mode of transmission of Campylobacter jejuni, the true frequency in homosexuals of intestinal anguilluliasis, oxyuriasis and salmonellosis and the anorectal pathogenicity of Neisseria meningitidis, intestinal spirochetes, Mycoplasma homini, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Campylobacter-like organisms. Diagnosis is difficult since these infections are polymicrobial as a rule and often clinically asymptomatic or atypical and may be further modified by features of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, traumatic lesions or anorectal tumours. Microbiological examination is an essential prerequisite to rational treatment. PMID- 3160036 TI - [Knotting of Swan-Ganz catheter. How to unknot without surgery?]. AB - While it is introduced, a Swan-Ganz catheter may occasionally become knotted at its tip. To unknot and remove it, a non-surgical technique based on the injection of warm (37 degrees C) saline under pressure is suggested. Knotting can be prevented by inflating the balloon at the tip of the catheter with 1.5 ml of air when it enters the vena cava. PMID- 3160037 TI - [Central cord lesions in cervical spondylitic myelopathy]. PMID- 3160038 TI - [Immunoallergic febrile reaction with hypereosinophilia after ingestion of metapramine]. PMID- 3160034 TI - [What should be done in the presence of isolated microscopic hematuria in man in the work environment?]. AB - Microscopic haematuria was detected by the strip technique in 3.5% (normal: 1.8%) of 2100 men over 40 years of age, systematically examined at their place of work. Thirty-two agreed to undergo further investigations. Eight (25%) were found to have a urinary tract disease: kidney stones (2), prostatic adenoma (2), vesical diverticulum (1) and, notably, vesical tumour (2). Intravenous urography detected these abnormalities in 75% of the cases but missed the vesical tumours which were detected only at cystoscopy, urine cytology being also negative. The data obtained by cystoscopy were confirmed by vesical echography in 1 case. Thus, we believe that in the presence of even a single episode of microscopic haematuria in a man over 40, an intravenous urography should be performed. If the results are normal, and if the subject is a smoker or presents with an occupational or familial risk of cancer, this examination should be followed by cytology and vesical echography. If both are negative, then cystoscopy is necessary. PMID- 3160039 TI - [Chylous ascites complicating ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 3160040 TI - [Pancreatic and bronchial anaplastic cancer]. PMID- 3160041 TI - [Aquatic contamination of wounds by Aeromonas sobria after bathing in the river]. PMID- 3160042 TI - [Use of cyclosporin A for the treatment of Behcet's disease]. PMID- 3160043 TI - [Activities of specialized mobile health units of the district tuberculosis dispensary]. PMID- 3160045 TI - Down anomaly: new research aspects of an old and well known syndrome. PMID- 3160044 TI - Lysosomal enzyme binding to mouse P388D1 macrophage membranes lacking the 215-kDa mannose 6-phosphate receptor: evidence for the existence of a second mannose 6 phosphate receptor. AB - Mouse P388D1 macrophages target newly synthesized acid hydrolases to lysosomes in spite of their lack of the 215-kDa mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) receptor. We now report that these cells contain a membrane-associated Man-6-P receptor that is distinct from the previously described receptor. The new receptor binds lysosomal enzymes containing phosphomannosyl residues. This binding is inhibited by Man-6-P or by pretreatment of the lysosomal enzymes with alkaline phosphatase. Lysosomal enzyme binding occurs at neutral pH and dissociation of the bound ligand occurs at low pH values comparable to those found within endosomes or lysosomes. The new receptor differs from the 215-kDa Man-6-P receptor in two ways. It has an absolute requirement for divalent cations and is unable to bind Dictyostelium discoideum lysosomal enzymes, which contain methylphosphomannosyl residues rather than the usual phosphomannosyl monoesters. Based on the difference in cation requirement, we suggest that the 215-kDa receptor be referred to as Man-6-P receptor CI (cation independent) and the new receptor as Man-6-P receptor CD (cation dependent). We conclude that the Man-6-P receptor CD functions in the targeting of newly synthesized acid hydrolases to lysosomes in P388D1 macrophages. PMID- 3160046 TI - Genetics of coronary heart disease and its risk factors. PMID- 3160047 TI - Huntingtons disease: linkage with G8 on chromosome 4 and its consequences. PMID- 3160049 TI - Seating device for multiply handicapped infants. Suggestion from the field. PMID- 3160048 TI - Effect of various central nervous system-acting drugs on ethanol and acetaldehyde metabolism in rats. AB - Blood ethanol levels following intravenous ethanol administration were much higher during anesthesia with diethyl ether (ether), phenobarbital and pentobarbital than in unanesthetized control rats. Blood acetaldehyde levels were significantly lower during anesthesia with ether. Ether inhibited alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activities in vitro in an uncompetitive fashion; Ki, ether concentration which produced 50% inhibition of NADH formation, was 9.7 mM. Pentobarbital produced slight elevations of ADH activities in vitro and phenobarbital had no effects. Acetaldehyde levels during anesthesia with phenobarbital and pentobarbital were slightly higher than in unanesthetized animals. Phenobarbital and pentobarbital inhibited aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities in vitro in a noncompetitive fashion; Ki were 29 and 37 mM, respectively. Ether did not influence ALDH activities in vitro. Thus, pentobarbital was suggested as the most appropriate anesthetic agent in such animal experiments. PMID- 3160050 TI - Further debate on sacroiliac dysfunction. PMID- 3160051 TI - On the preparation and properties of dihematoporphyrin ether, the tumor localizing component of HPD. PMID- 3160052 TI - The gecko opsin: responses to geometric isomers of retinal and 3-dehydroretinal. PMID- 3160053 TI - An in vitro test for photoinduced toxicity of benzothiadiazine diuretics using bacteriophage lambda. PMID- 3160055 TI - Separation and phototoxicity in vitro of some of the components of haematoporphyrin derivative. PMID- 3160054 TI - Fluorescence spectral changes of hematoporphyrin derivative upon binding to lipid vesicles, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli cells. PMID- 3160056 TI - Environment modulates naloxone's suppressive effect on feeding in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. AB - We evaluated the effect of environment on naloxone-induced suppression of feeding in streptozotocin rats and sham injected controls. Naloxone was administered to animals fasted for 24 hours and food intake was measured at 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Diabetic rats, in their home cages, were insensitive to naloxone's suppressive effect for the first 30 minutes and the 5 mg/kg dose suppressed feeding only at 120 minutes. In control rats, feeding was suppressed at 1 and 5 mg/kg naloxone during the first 30 minutes. In contrast, when animals were placed in novel plastic cages, control animals were insensitive to naloxone at all time points at doses as high as 5 mg/kg. In novel cages, diabetic rats responded to doses of 1 and 5 mg/kg during the first 30 minute period by lowering food intake. It should also be noted that basal food intake was suppressed (40-53%) when animals were placed in novel cages. These data suggest that stress of a novel environment alters the neuroregulatory system involved in inducing feeding. Lack of response of normal rats to naloxone's suppressive effect in a novel environment suggests that (1) a non-opioid feeding system operates under these conditions, or (2) opioid receptors are occupied as a result of the release of endogenous opioids due to stress. The opposite result observed in the diabetics indicates that glucose has a modulating effect on opioid effects. PMID- 3160057 TI - Voluntary exercise, food intake, and plasma metabolites in streptozotocin diabetic Syrian hamsters. AB - Diabetes mellitus was induced in Syrian hamsters by treatment with streptozotocin. The efficacy of and survival from this treatment are compared across several drug regimens, and in exercising versus sedentary hamsters. Stable diabetes, with plasma glucose levels typically below 400 mg/dl, is accompanied by a decrease of approximately 50% in voluntary wheel running in a 14L:10D cycle. Wheel running in diabetics is, however, almost completely abolished in continuous light. The diabetic hamsters are hyperphagic on chow, eating about 60% more than controls, exclusively by increasing the size of individual meals. Their intake is normalized on a high fat diet. The high fat diet greatly exacerbates the extant ketonemia in diabetics, and produces hypertriglyceridemia. Exercise has no apparent effect on plasma metabolic fuels of diabetic hamsters. PMID- 3160058 TI - Collagen injection: technique and patient selection. PMID- 3160059 TI - [Psychophysiology of mental deficiency: evaluation of studies involving the recording of autonomic indices]. PMID- 3160060 TI - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of the iliac artery: long-term results. AB - One hundred fifty-four patients with stenosis of the iliac artery underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). These patients were followed for 1-7 years. The long-term results of the PTAs were analyzed by computer, and life tables were generated for dilatations of the iliac arteries with unimpaired flow and for those with an obstruction in the outflow tract. The accumulative 7-year patency rate was 90%, which agrees with other reports. This study demonstrates that the long-term results of PTA of iliac arterial stenoses are competitive with reconstructive vascular surgery. PTA should be the treatment of choice in patients with iliac arterial stenoses. PMID- 3160061 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the femoropopliteal artery: initial and long-term results. AB - Patients with dilated stenoses and recanalized occlusions were evaluated to assess the initial and long-term results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in the femoropopliteal artery. The follow-up period was at least 1 year. The initial success rate was 84% (128/164). The initial results were influenced by the radiologist's experience, catheter selection, and type of lesion. The 5- and 7-year cumulative patency rates were 70% and 60%. There was no difference in long-term patency between initially successful stenoses and short (less than 3 cm) occlusions. Both the morphology and location of the stenotic lesion influenced the long-term results. Although many factors influence the initial and long-term success rate, results of this study justify PTA in the femoropopliteal artery. Patients with localized stenoses and short occlusions are best suited for this treatment. PMID- 3160062 TI - Iatrogenic sclerosing cholangitis following hepatic arterial chemotherapy infusion. AB - A case of common hepatic duct stricture secondary to hepatic artery chemotherapy infusion is described. CT and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may be used in concert to differentiate this entity from other causes of jaundice--namely, hepatic replacement by tumor, porta hepatis adenopathy, and chemotherapy hepatotoxicity. PMID- 3160063 TI - Cholangitis complicating intraarterial chemotherapy in liver metastasis. AB - In the past 2 years at our institution, 87 patients with hepatic metastasis from colorectal carcinoma have undergone surgical implantation of an arterial pump for the direct infusion of chemotherapeutic agents into the liver. We report six cases of cholangitis complicating the course of these patients. PMID- 3160065 TI - Workers' comp.: is "emotional stress" compensable? Case in point: Elwood v. SAIF (693 P. 2d 641--OR). PMID- 3160064 TI - Hepatic falciform artery: anatomy, angiographic appearance, and clinical significance. AB - Three patients developed supraumbilical skin rashes during hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy by a surgically placed perfusion catheter and drug-infusion pump. In one patient, hepatic arterial scintigraphy with technetium-99m macroaggregated serum albumin showed increased uptake corresponding to the rash, and a hepatic arteriogram showed a dilated falciform branch of the left hepatic artery. Surgical ligation of the falciform artery permitted further treatment without recurrent rash. Based on a review of 100 celiac arteriograms, the incidence of the falciform artery on angiographic studies is approximately 2%. The angiographic appearance of this artery is presented, and its potential clinical significance in hepatic artery perfusion chemotherapy is discussed. PMID- 3160066 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. PA: home health care; "portal to portal"; PA: Board delays action: prejudicial. PMID- 3160067 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The importance of the site and the extent of hypertrophy. A review. AB - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a diverse clinical and pathophysiologic entity that involves principally the left ventricle and is caused by asymmetric or concentric hypertrophy of unknown cause. If asymmetric, the hypertrophy is usually greatest in the ventricular septum, but variations occur in which the hypertrophy may be maximal at the apex, at the midventricular level, or, rarely, in the free wall of the left ventricle. Right ventricular involvement is usually less evident. The principal abnormality in systole is the obstruction to left ventricular outflow caused by upper septal hypertrophy narrowing the outflow tract and setting the stage for Venturi forces to cause systolic anterior motion of the anterior or posterior mitral leaflets. The time of onset and duration of mitral leaflet-septal contact determine the magnitude of the pressure gradient. Mitral regurgitation invariably accompanies the obstruction to outflow. Ventriculomyotomy-myectomy surgery, by thinning the septum and widening the outflow tract, abolishes the abnormal mitral leaflet motion and, consequently, the obstruction to outflow and the mitral regurgitation. This form of surgery more dramatically relieves the systolic abnormalities and the accompanying symptoms than any form of medical therapy available today. The extent of hypertrophy is believed to be the principal determinant of the impaired left ventricular relaxation and increased chambers stiffness (decreased compliance) that characterize diastole in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Relaxation is impaired by the contraction load (the obstruction), by a decrease in the principal relaxation loads, by a pathologic degree of nonuniformity of contraction and relaxation, and in all likelihood, by impaired inactivation of the biochemical processes responsible for contraction (? due to primary or ischemia-induced calcium overload). Calcium channel-blocking agents may dramatically improve left ventricular relaxation by speeding up the inactivation process, by decreasing the degree of nonuniformity, or by altering the contraction and relaxation loads in a favorable manner. Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias are responsible for a significant proportion of the morbidity and mortality, and their occurrence also appears to depend on the extent of hypertrophy. Thus, the major manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in systole and diastole as well as the disturbances of rhythm appear to be related to the site and/or extent of the hypertrophic process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3160068 TI - [Allergens causing skin changes in dogs and humans. III. Drug allergens]. PMID- 3160070 TI - [Insufficiency of the external saphenous vein in varicose veins]. PMID- 3160069 TI - [Diagnosis and prognosis of severe closed abdominal injuries]. PMID- 3160071 TI - [Analysis of our experience in assessing intermittent postoperative drainage lavage in treating acute generalized peritonitis]. PMID- 3160073 TI - [An original method for correcting reflux gastritis]. PMID- 3160072 TI - [Biliary and biliopancreatic lesions in the course of gastroduodenectomies for duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 3160074 TI - [Saint's triad--an anatomoclinical entity or a coincidence of association?]. PMID- 3160075 TI - [Gastroplasty procedure using a pedicled jejunal mucosal patch]. PMID- 3160076 TI - [Risk to cirrhosis patients in general surgery]. PMID- 3160078 TI - [Postoperative peptic ulcers. Prognostic and surgical management characteristics]. PMID- 3160077 TI - [Difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of nonsecreting carcinoma of the adrenal cortex]. PMID- 3160079 TI - [Potentials and limits in laryngeal cancer surgery]. PMID- 3160080 TI - [Total "true" pharyngoplasty using the colon in caustic pharyngolaryngeal stenosis]. PMID- 3160081 TI - [Clinico-immunological aspects of focal infection--therapeutic implications]. PMID- 3160082 TI - [Superinfected branchial cystic tumors with a chronic evolution]. PMID- 3160083 TI - [Case of posttraumatic cholesteatoma]. PMID- 3160085 TI - [Our observations of 2 cases of cervicofacial actinomycosis]. PMID- 3160084 TI - [Rare case of chondroma of the ala nasi]. PMID- 3160086 TI - [Unusual case of hydatid cyst, right anterosuperior laterocervical location, spontaneously expelled through the mouth]. PMID- 3160087 TI - [Peroperative isotope labeling in surgery for osteoid osteoma. Apropos of 2 case reports]. AB - The precise localisation of an osteoid osteoma was revealed during operation after an injection of technetium 99m in children. The technique, using a Pitman 235N counter is described. PMID- 3160089 TI - [Sciatica and other low-back disorders in private practice: extent of the problem and therapeutic approaches]. AB - Using data collected by INSERM in a 1975 survey among French general practitioners and specialists in private practice, the reporting of sciatica and low back pain (LBP) was studied, as well as doctors' diagnoses and therapeutic approaches. Only 0.7% of patients were reported as having sciatica, while 2.8% were reported with LBP. These percentages suggest, respectively, 1.5 and 6.5 million consultations with private practitioners. The prevalence of sciatica was estimated at 8%. There was no urban-rural difference in the consultation rate; three-quarters of the patients were seen by GPs. The frequency of LBP was higher among the employed, particularly among manual workers. Referrals for additional examinations were nearly twice as high for sciatica as for LBP. GPs prescribed more medicines, and more sick leave, than specialists, but made fewer referrals for additional examination, probably because the patients seen were different, or were at a different stage of disease. It is concluded that the formulation of standards of care specific to each level of care might be useful. PMID- 3160088 TI - [Functions and pathological aspects of lysosomes]. PMID- 3160091 TI - [Students with handicaps at universities in West Germany]. AB - Students with disabilities continue to form but a small group among the university students in the Federal Republic of Germany. Few people are aware of the everyday problems they face, or of the often great efforts needed to overcome them. Initial action has in recent years been taken towards assessing the campus situation and needs of disabled students, and for pointing out potential areas for improvement. The present contribution sums up a research project that has resulted in publication of a handbook for disabled students and those involved in their counselling. Funded by the Federal ministry of education and research, the project had been carried out jointly by Bayerisches Staatsinstitut fur Hochschulforschung und Hochschulplanung, Munich, and Deutsches Studentenwerk e.V., Bonn. The social situation of disabled students is presented as a major focus of research. The problems of disabled students as well as improvements already achieved are set out, and steps yet to be taken toward eliminating existing barriers are urged. A comparative glance at the action taken at various universities in the U.S.A. is intended to enhance critical self-assessment, and to provide the impetus for stepping up our own efforts. PMID- 3160090 TI - [Transluminal valvuloplasty in pulmonary stenosis]. PMID- 3160092 TI - [The handicapped and public transportation]. AB - The article gives an overview of efforts made in various countries (the U.S.A., Canada, Sweden, and the Federal Republic of Germany) toward achieving greater accessibility of their public transportation systems. Various initiatives are shown to have been created in the 70ies on the part of public authorities and public transport providers, that have entailed the development of special vehicles, special information systems and architectural solutions. On analyzing the policies of both the transport providers and the competent public authorities it is, however, found that, although creation of an essentially barrier-free transportation network would be possible from the technical point of view, they refrain from subscribing to this objective. This has resulted in transportation of the disabled being oriented toward special services because these are far less costly than fundementally re-designing existing public transportation systems. PMID- 3160093 TI - [Integration of vocational rehabilitation into a comprehensive psychologic concept]. AB - In the present contribution, Witte's concept of a holistic disability and rehabilitation psychology is applied to the sector of vocational rehabilitation. The author starts out, on the one hand, from the approach to rehabilitation psychology as a sub-speciality of Applied Psychology, and, on the other, from the fundamental interlacement and complementing nature of basic research and application. Considerations concerning assimilation of disabled persons in working life are outlined before this background. PMID- 3160094 TI - Suppressor activity of bovine Fc gamma positive cells during a persistent infection with Mycobacterium avium. AB - The cell mediated immune response (CMI) was measured in calves after experimental infection with Mycobacterium avium. Using the tuberculin skin test a CMI response could be measured from four to 14 weeks after infection, and with a lymphocyte stimulation (LS) test from six to 40 weeks. One year after infection no CMI response was detected by either of the tests, in spite of the fact that in such calves M avium bacteria could be found in the intestinal lymph nodes at autopsy. After removal of mononuclear cells bearing receptors for the Fc part of IgG, the peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from a calf infected one year earlier responded to M avium pure protein derivative in the LS test in contrast to lymphocytes obtained from uninfected calves. PMID- 3160095 TI - [Effectiveness and limitations of PTCA]. PMID- 3160096 TI - [A fluid dynamic analysis of the development of anacrotic notch in the pressure wave in patients with semilunar valve stenosis--use of a catheter tip velocity pressure transducer]. PMID- 3160097 TI - [Nitrendipine, a new calcium antagonist, as basis therapy in essential hypertension]. PMID- 3160098 TI - [Verapamil and nitrendipine in beta blocker-resistant hypertensive patients]. PMID- 3160100 TI - Pyruvate and acetate oxidation by leukocytes in vitro. Activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. AB - Pyruvate oxidation by normal intact leukocytes has been systematically studied to define optimal conditions for detection of enzymatic defects in this process. Leukocytes were isolated by dextran sedimentation and lymphocytes by Ficoll centrifugation. Cells were incubated for 2 h with [1-14C]-pyruvate, [2-14C] pyruvate or [1-14C]-acetate as substrate. The specific oxidative capacity of lymphocytes was almost three times higher than that of granulocytes from the same blood. Oxidation of both pyruvate and acetate was highly dependent on the substrate concentration in the medium reaching a plateau between 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/l. Addition of succinate (1 mmol/l) stimulated oxidation of [1-14C]-pyruvate by 30%. Uncoupling of phosphorylation by addition of carbonyl cyanide chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) (0.1 mumol/l) increased oxidation of [1-14C] pyruvate by 200% and of [1-14C]-acetate by 70%. Addition of CCCP plus succinate caused further stimulation of pyruvate oxidation (+40%), but not of acetate oxidation. It is therefore concluded that: (1) Lymphocytes are better than mixed leukocytes for oxidative studies. (2) Unlabelled substrate should be added at optimal concentrations. (3) The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is normally only partially active in lymphocytes. (4) Stimulation of oxidation by CCCP greatly enhances the flux through the PDH step thus facilitating the detection of defects in pyruvate oxidation. PMID- 3160099 TI - Alteration of Fc-receptor phenotype and proliferative capacity of Fc-IgG-receptor positive lymphocytes through interaction with soluble immune complexes of patients with SLE or RA. AB - Soluble circulating immune complexes (CIC) are a common finding in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or other autoimmune diseases. The predominant immunoglobulin class of most CIC is IgG, which enables these CIC to bind to Fc-IgG-receptor expressing cells. In this study the interaction between soluble CIC from patients with SLE or RA and Fc-IgG-receptor positive lymphoid cells from healthy individuals was investigated. Similar to the effect observed with insoluble immune complexes, soluble CIC interact with Fc-IgG receptor positive lymphoid cells and can induce a modulation of Fc-receptor expression. Fc-IgG-receptors are lost and Fc-IgM-receptors are expressed on the same cells after IC interaction and culturing the cells for 24 h. Simultaneously with this change of Fc-receptor phenotype the originally Fc-IgG-receptor positive cells demonstrate a decreased ability to proliferate upon mitogen stimulation. This change of phenotype and proliferative capacity correlates with the content of CIC in the sera of patients with SLE or RA. PMID- 3160101 TI - Platelets and antithrombin III in uraemia: the acute effect of haemodialysis. AB - In 14 haemodialysis patients, platelet count, secondary platelet aggregation rate, immunological antithrombin III and antithrombin III activity were lower and plasma beta-thromboglobulin higher than in 14 age- and sex-matched controls. In contrast, primary platelet aggregation, the degree of secondary aggregation and circulating platelet aggregates did not differ. Haemodialysis was associated with signs of platelet damage reflected by increase in plasma beta-thromboglobulin, extraction of platelets in the dialyser and decline in platelet count. Platelets in the dialyser effluent line were less aggregable than platelets in arterial blood. Circulating platelet aggregates and immunological antithrombin III were unchanged during dialysis whereas antithrombin III activity showed a minor rise. In conclusion, uraemics show a decreased rate of secondary platelet aggregation, and haemodialysis confers further platelet injury due to blood/surface interactions during extracorporeal circulation. The defective platelet function and low antithrombin III activity may help to explain the paradoxical occurrence of both haemorrhagic and thrombotic complications in uraemia. PMID- 3160102 TI - Calcium-ATPase activity in erythrocyte ghosts from patients with familial benign hypercalcaemia. AB - It has been suggested that the parathyroid glands and the kidneys are insensitive to the high extracellular calcium levels found in familial benign hypercalcaemia (FBH) (familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia) and that there may be a general disorder of the plasma membrane 'calcium pump'. We have found that the activity of the calcium-stimulated, magnesium-dependent ATPase of erythrocyte ghost membranes from patients with FBH was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than that from normal subjects. Values in FBH, as a group, were higher than those in primary hyperparathyroidism, but the difference was not significant. We suggest that the membrane abnormality in FBH could be a disorder of the regulation of the calcium pump. PMID- 3160103 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: results after a 5-year follow-up period]. AB - In the first series of 50 patients in whom percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was attempted, the procedure was successful in 32. 23/32 patients were followed up clinically over 62.2 +/- 5.6 (SD) months. Repeated non invasive laboratory tests were carried out in 15/23 patients. Moreover, 11/15 patients were restudied by arteriography at the end of the follow-up period. Early recurrence of the stenosis occurred in 5/32 patients (16%) and was again successfully treated by a second PTCA in 2. 3 patients underwent surgery as requested. 22/23 (95%) remained symptom-free during the follow-up period. The results of the non-invasive laboratory tests were in close agreement with the clinical findings. Coronary arteriography performed at the end of the follow-up period revealed an excellent lasting effect of PTCA in 8/11 patients. 2 showed a slight progression of the three stenoses treated by PTCA, and in 1 patient late recurrence of the stenosis was suspected since he had been symptom-free up to 2 weeks prior to restudy. Thus, in patients who are suitable for PTCA, this treatment is of long-lasting effect and represents an excellent alternative to coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 3160105 TI - [The interparietal hepatic fat pad--a source of error in the diagnosis of a hematoma of the musculus rectus abdominis]. AB - Some patients, even subjects with normal weight, have a fatty tissue pad located behind the xyphoid appendix between the peritoneum, the liver and the abdominal wall muscles. The wall fatty pad is encapsulated. It is sonographically transsonic, but with high-level internal echoes, and may deform the anterior face of the liver. It can be from 8 to 13 cm wide, 5 to 10 cm high and 3 to 5 cm thick. This fatty structure may be mistaken for a parietal abscess or haematoma. The sonographical exploration of the abdominal wall with short-focussed high frequency transducers and the knowledge of this normal variance of human anatomy should avoid such pitfalls. PMID- 3160104 TI - [Renovascular hypertension: surgery, dilatation or drugs?]. AB - The effect of various therapeutic procedures (surgery, percutaneous transluminal dilatation and antihypertensive drugs) was analyzed in 161 patients with renovascular hypertension. The results show that each of the three methods effectively lowers blood pressure. However, marked differences in pretreatment clinical and laboratory data among the three groups were observed, which were most probably caused by different selection criteria before submitting the patient to a given therapeutic regime. The findings also demonstrate that, on the basis of the present analysis, a direct comparison between surgery, dilatation and medical therapy is not possible. PMID- 3160106 TI - [Ultrasonic blood flow measurement in stenoses and occlusions of the internal carotid artery]. AB - Blood flow in the common carotid artery as measured by means of the QFM system of Furuhata in 100 patients with angiographically proven obstructive or occlusive lesions of the internal carotid or middle cerebral artery, was compared with the normal blood flow range in healthy persons of 41 to 70 years of age. Findings were considered to be pathological in 72% of the patient pool. This figure was based on one or more of the standard-value criteria, namely, unilateral flow, bilateral flow, and percentage of the difference between both sides. Pathological findings were thus obtained in 100 per cent of the bilateral and in 90 per cent of the unilateral occlusions, in 53 per cent of the bilateral and in 52 per cent of the unilateral stenoses of the internal carotid artery. In occlusions of the internal carotid artery, no significant correlation between blood flow in the common carotid artery and the presence of an ophthalmic collateral extending beyond the carotid siphon could be established. However, there was a correlation with the diameter of the external carotid artery as well as to the sum total of the cross-sectional areas of its main branches. There was no significant correlation between common carotid blood flow and linear luminar narrowing in stenoses of the internal carotid artery if contralateral pathology was disregarded. Compared with normal flow (7,6 +/- 1,4 ml/sec), the mean flow was reduced in all unilateral stenoses of more than 30 per cent, whereas it was increased in stenoses of less than 30 per cent associated with a contralateral stenosis, and in stenoses of less than 70 per cent associated with a contralateral occlusion of the internal carotid artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3160107 TI - [Quantitative measurement of blood flow with an 128-channel Doppler device. Present status of research and future outlook]. AB - The recent development of a new multigate pulsed Doppler system used in conjunction with an A-mode scan allows real time display of the velocity profiles across the vessel and quantitative flow measurement. Experimental in-vitro and in vivo studies showed an excellent correlation between flow measurements obtained by this noninvasive method and by direct timed collection. Preliminary results of the post-occlusive hyperaemic response in normals and in patients with iliac stenosis are presented. Although no statistical comparison is allowed, it appears that the hyperaemic response is diminished when an iliac stenosis is present. A non-invasive method of quantifying the haemodynamic significance of profunda femoris artery stenosis is described. Finally, the velocity profiles and the flow curves in PTFE grafts were studied and compared to the flow patterns of the normal superficial femoral artery. The differences observed between the two conditions might explain the low patency rate of the synthetic grafts. Other fields of application of the method are suggested. The future development of a Duplex scanner combining B-mode imaging and the multigate Doppler system will allow the exploration of vessels within the abdomen and thorax: portal vein, in situ or transplanted renal arteries, ascending and abdominal aorta. PMID- 3160108 TI - [Ultrasonic Doppler method for noninvasive determination of fetal blood flow volumes]. AB - Fetal blood flow volume and unteroplacental flow profiles can be measured with a linear real time scanner in conjunction with a pulsed Doppler system. It was the aim of this study to simulate the blood flow volume under varying experimental conditions by using an in-vitro model, and to examine and compare pulsed Doppler equipments. Defined flow rates between 200 and 1200 ml/min were pumped via a tygon tube placed in a liquid bath. The sample volume was kept constant, the depths of the tube were varied. Processing of the Doppler signals was done by spectrum analysis. There was a good correlation between true and ultrasonically measured flow rates (r = 0.96-1). However, particularly low flow rates resulted in an overestimation of blood flow when using high-pass filtering for avoiding Doppler signals arising from the vessel wall. These errors probably not only depend on the flow profiles, but also on the measuring techniques involved with the individual instruments. The effect of high-pass filtering must be taken into account when interpreting the results, particularly in the case of low-flow rates. PMID- 3160109 TI - A preliminary study on the mechanism of neonatal allotransplantation tolerance. Participation of suppressor cells in the mediation of neonatal allotransplantation tolerance. AB - Using a method from Billingham, an animal model of the neonatal allotransplantation tolerance of SWI to C57BL inbred mice was established and the mechanism of neonatal tolerance established by us was preliminarily studied. Our experiment indicates that the clonal deletion theory is not the unique explanation for the neonatal tolerance and a peripheral active inhibitory mechanism including suppressor cells may participate in mediating and maintaining the neonatal tolerance. The suppressor cells in the neonatal tolerance are radioresistant, but rather sensitive to mitomycin C treatment. These results suggest that suppressor cell population may be nonhomogenous. Further studies about this problem are needed. PMID- 3160110 TI - Inhibition of interferon-gamma may suppress allograft reactivity by T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. AB - The addition to mixed-leukocyte reactions of monoclonal antibodies to interferon gamma abrogated alloantigen recognition and induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by inducing early and highly effective suppressor T lymphocytes. This inhibitory activity was not confined to in vitro models, since daily injection of the antibodies into CBA/J mice blocked the usual rejection of allogenic tumor cells. PMID- 3160111 TI - Atrotoxin: a specific agonist for calcium currents in heart. AB - A specific label for voltage-dependent calcium channels is essential for the isolation and purification of the membrane protein that constitutes the calcium channel and for a better understanding of its function. A fraction of Crotalus atrox that increases voltage-dependent calcium currents in single, dispersed guinea pig ventricular cells was isolated. In the doses used, neither sodium nor potassium currents were changed. The fraction was active in the absence of detectable phospholipase or protease activity, and the active component, designated atrotoxin, produced its effect rapidly and reversibly. The effect was produced by extracellular but not intracellular application of the agent. The increase in Ca2+ current was blocked by the Ca2+ channel blockers cobalt and nitrendipine. The active fraction completely blocked specific [3H]nitrendipine binding to guinea pig ventricular membrane preparations. The inhibition of nitrendipine binding by atrotoxin was apparently via an allosteric mechanism. Thus atrotoxin was shown to bind to the Ca2+ channel and to act as a specific Ca2+ channel agonist. PMID- 3160112 TI - Staphylococcal enterotoxin A is encoded by phage. AB - The gene for staphylococcal enterotoxin A (entA), in two wild-type strains, is carried by related temperate bacteriophages. Hybridization analysis of DNA from entA-converting phage PS42-D and its bacterial host suggests that this phage integrates into the bacterial chromosome by circularization and reciprocal crossover (the Campbell model) and that the entA gene is located near the phage attachment site. DNA from three of eight staphylococcal strains that did not produce enterotoxin A and seven wild-type enterotoxin A-producing (EntA+) strains had extensive homology to the entA-converting phage PS42-D DNA, although there was a high degree of restriction-fragment length polymorphisms. At least one EntA+ strain did not produce detectable viable phage after induction. These data indicate that a polymorphic family of Staphylococcus aureus phages (some of which may be defective) can carry the entA gene. PMID- 3160113 TI - Presence of laminin receptors in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - A characteristic feature of infection by Staphylococcus aureus is bloodstream invasion and widespread metastatic abscess formation. The ability to extravasate, which entails crossing the vascular basement membrane, appears to be critical for the organism's pathogenicity. Extravasation by normal and neoplastic mammalian cells has been correlated with the presence of specific cell surface receptors for the basement membrane glycoprotein laminin. Similar laminin receptors were found in Staphylococcus aureus but not in Staphylococcus epidermidis, a noninvasive pathogen. There were about 100 binding sites per cell, with an apparent binding affinity of 2.9 nanomolar. The molecular weight of the receptor was 50,000 and pI was 4.2. Eukaryotic laminin receptors were visualized by means of the binding of S. aureus in the presence of laminin. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic invasive cells might utilize similar, if not identical, mechanisms for invasion. PMID- 3160114 TI - Ser-Leu-Arg-Arg-atriopeptin III: the major circulating form of atrial peptide. AB - Vasopressin induces a concentration-dependent increase in atriopeptin immunoreactivity in plasma. Rat plasma, rat atrial extract, and synthetic atriopeptin III (APIII) produced parallel displacement curves of iodine-125 labeled APIII binding to specific antiserum. Fractionation of plasma atriopeptin immunoreactivity by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography showed that the major portion consists of two species of low molecular weight peptides in a ratio of 10 to 1. Both peaks exhibited potent vasorelaxant activity, suggesting the presence of the carboxyl terminal Phe-Arg sequence of atriopeptin in each species. Sequence determination of the purified peptides indicated that the major peptide is Ser-Leu-Arg-Arg-APIII and the minor peptide APIII. It appears that the former is the major species of atrial peptide in the rat circulation and that it is the product of selective cleavage of the high molecular weight precursor. PMID- 3160115 TI - Protein-specific helper T-lymphocyte formation initiated by dendritic cells. AB - Antibody responses to hapten-polypeptide conjugates require peptide-specific helper T cells. The latter can be primed in tissue culture by providing small numbers of dendritic cells. Primed, irradiated helper T cells then induce B-cell growth and differentiation in the apparent absence of dendritic cells. Both stages of the antibody response--the induction of helper T lymphoblasts by dendritic cells and the delivery of help from T to B cell--occur in discrete cell aggregates that can be isolated by velocity sedimentation. If helper T blasts revert to smaller "memory" lymphocytes, dendritic cells again are needed to initiate the antibody response. PMID- 3160116 TI - Uncertainty and its relation to the psychological and social correlates of chronic illness in children. PMID- 3160117 TI - [Are you up-to-date on acne?]. PMID- 3160118 TI - [Handicapped athletes]. PMID- 3160120 TI - [Participation of the population in carrying out annual preventive examinations]. PMID- 3160119 TI - Large opaque hemithorax due to cardiomegaly and atelectasis. AB - We studied the clinical and radiologic features of five infants with a large opaque left hemithorax due to the combination of cardiomegaly and atelectasis. The causes of cardiomegaly were cardiomyopathy (two patients), congestive heart failure due to fluid overload, congenital mitral insufficiency, and idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. In all five patients, there was initial total opacity of the left hemithorax with shift of the heart and mediastinum to the right due to the combination of cardiac enlargement and total lung collapse. The correct diagnosis may be suggested from conventional chest roentgenograms. Noninvasive supplementary studies, such as high-kilovolt roentgenography, fluoroscopy, esophagography, echocardiography, and radionuclide angiography, should be done for clarification. PMID- 3160121 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of using the hospital bed fund (on the article by Shcherbakov, "Methodological approaches to the planning and evaluation of the effectiveness of using the hospital bed fund")]. PMID- 3160122 TI - [Contribution of Kazakhstan scientists toward improving the effectiveness of public health services]. PMID- 3160123 TI - [Up-to-date information services to support scientific research]. PMID- 3160124 TI - [The medical institute's mobile health units in rendering rural health services]. PMID- 3160125 TI - [Medical workers on the battlefield on the Volkhov front]. PMID- 3160127 TI - Rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap used to close a median sternotomy chest defect. A case report. AB - A 55-year-old white man presented with an infected median sternotomy wound after coronary artery bypass grafting, with subsequent dehiscence and exposure of the heart and great vessels. A left-sided rectus abdominis myocutaneous transposition flap was used for closure. PMID- 3160126 TI - [Infection of artificial vascular prostheses. Case reports]. AB - Four patients with prosthetic graft infection are presented. In 3 patients infection occurred in a Dacron aortobifemoral graft. In all 4 patients the infection originated at the femoral anastomoses. In 2 patients the entire aortofemoral graft was removed; one patient died of septicaemia and the other required an above-knee amputation. In 1 patient partial removal of the graft limb proved successful after a femorofemoral bypass using an autogenous venous graft. Above-knee amputation was performed in a further patient after removal of an infected axillofemoral graft. Staphylococcus was consistently isolated from the infected grafts in all the patients. PMID- 3160128 TI - Use of directional Doppler flow meter in noninvasive evaluation of aortoiliac segment. AB - Noninvasive peripheral arterial studies that include analysis of the Doppler velocity waveform from the common femoral artery can be helpful to the clinician in treatment of patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease of the lower extremities. A normal waveform, one that demonstrates a reverse flow component in early diastole, is a highly accurate indication of a normal lumen of the aortoiliac artery. An abnormal waveform, one that lacks reverse flow, indicates a severe stenosis or occlusion in the more proximal arterial segment, a totally occluded superficial femoral artery with a severe stenosis of the deep femoral artery, or a technical error. When the clinical findings are correlated with noninvasive laboratory data, it is possible to distinguish which of these three abnormal situations exist in a given patient. PMID- 3160129 TI - Outcome of a failed percutaneous transluminal dilation. AB - One hundred and ninety-eight TLD failures have been analyzed from a total experience of 631 balloon dilations over the past five years. The clinical status of patients after a failure was generally the same as before the treatment. The morbidity was low and in no situation was limb loss directly attributable to the procedure. The early results of operation after a failure are similar to those found in patients who have not had a prior dilation. We conclude that TLD is a relatively safe procedure and may be considered as an alternative to surgical treatment in selected instances. PMID- 3160130 TI - The use of dura mater allograft in the surgical repair of large defects of the abdominal wall. AB - The dura mater allograft is being used as an abdominal fascia substitute and major advantages are documented. It was used successfully in four patients at this institution, with a ten month follow-up period. Its strength, durability, tissue tolerance, flexibility, ease of handling, nonallergenic property, availability and stability in the presence of infection make it a good graft to be used in the repair of large abdominal hernias. We are quite convinced that long term follow-up results will verify the results of the animal experiments done by others and affirm the durability of the graft. In one patient, this graft has been shown to be adequate for placement in an infected bed and to have a definite resistance to infection. The results of incidental operative biopsy in another patient, have shown an excellent incorporation of the dura graft into the surrounding tissues. In our hands, the experience with the dura graft using monofilament sutures has been quite positive. PMID- 3160131 TI - Platelet-mediated vascular permeability in the rat: a predominant role for 5 hydroxytryptamine. AB - The intradermal injection in rat skin of washed, thrombin-activated platelets produces an increase in vascular permeability, the intensity of which increments with the platelet concentration. Pretreatment of the recipient animals with serotonergic antagonists, including the specific 5-HT2 receptor blocker ketanserin, potently inhibits the platelet-mediated and the 5-HT-induced vascular defect. Amine depletion of platelets or skin tissues with reserpine reduces the response to platelets. Platelet prostanoid and lipoxygenase derivatives play no major role in the vascular response to platelet. The permeability increase induced by exogenous 5-HT and by activated platelets is reduced by alpha 1 adrenergic stimulation with noradrenaline or phenylephrine and by beta 2 stimulation with terbutaline or isoprenaline, and is potentiated by adenosine; this points to a modulation of permeability by blood flow changes and to a direct beta-adrenergic effect at the endothelial cell membrane. This study demonstrates a predominant role for 5-HT in the platelet-mediated vascular permeability increase in a sensitive species like the rat. PMID- 3160132 TI - Effect of heparin and low molecular weight heparins on thrombin-induced blood platelet activation in the absence of antithrombin III. AB - We have investigated the antithrombin III independent effect of crude heparin, two heparin fractions and a heparinoid on in vitro thrombin-induced platelet activation. Thrombin-induced platelet factor Va generation and thrombin plus collagen-induced platelet prothrombin converting activity were tested. Crude heparin was a more potent inhibitor of these reactions than the fractions or the heparinoid. The inhibitory action of the heparins was found to be the result of a direct effect on thrombin and not of an effect either on platelet activation functions or on the assembly or functioning of the prothrombinase complex. Probably this heparin inhibition is due to the masking of secondary macromolecular substrate binding sites on the thrombin molecule. We found no correlation between IC50 values and the antithrombin III-dependent antithrombin specific activities of the heparins. This supports the notion that heparin properties other than their affinity for antithrombin III may contribute to the action of this drug in blood coagulation. PMID- 3160134 TI - [Laparoscopic findings in pelvic pain. A comparison with clinical gynecological findings]. PMID- 3160133 TI - The effect of antibodies to human platelet membrane and cytoplasmic myosins on myosin ATPase activity and platelet aggregation. AB - Myosins were purified from the membrane fraction and the cytoplasm of human platelets. Polyclonal antibodies to the purified myosins were induced in rabbits. Their effects on the ATPase activity of the purified myosins as well as on the process of platelet aggregation were studied. A strong cross reactivity was found between the two myosins and their respective antibodies by the ELISA technique. It was found that the antibodies preferentially bind to the "head" segment of the myosins, since purified myosin "rod" reacted only weakly with the two kinds of antibodies. The two antimyosin antibodies strongly inhibited the K+(EDTA) ATPase activity of both myosins, as well as the activity of the isolated myosin "heads". The amount of antimembrane myosin antibody required to inhibit the above enzymatic activity was smaller than that of the anticytoplasmatic myosin antibody. Similar results were observed with F(ab)2 fragments of the two kinds of antibodies. No effect of these antibodies or their F(ab)2 fragments was observed on platelet aggregation induced by various agonists, although their inhibitory effect on the platelet myosin ATPase activity was strong. PMID- 3160136 TI - [Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow]. PMID- 3160135 TI - [Laparoscopic uterine suspension. A case of injury to the femoral nerve]. PMID- 3160137 TI - [Percutaneous dilatation of stenoses of the coronary arteries with balloon catheters]. PMID- 3160138 TI - Sensitivity of oligomycin-inhibited respiration of isolated rat liver mitochondria to perfluidone, a fluorinated arylalkylsulfonamide. AB - Oxygen electrode polarographic measurements of the rate of oxygen consumption by isolated rat liver mitochondria revealed that oligomycin inhibition of respiration was offset to different degrees by varying concentrations of perfluidone (1,1,1-trifluoro-N-(2 methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl) methanesulfonamide). Using any of pyruvate-malate, succinate or ascorbate-TMPD (N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl p-phenylenediamine) as substrate, this herbicidal and anti-inflammatory agent at 100 microM concentration caused a 5-fold stimulation of oligomycin-inhibited respiration. Higher concentrations of the herbicide (greater than or equal to 120 microM) gave lower stimulatory effects. Similar stimulatory effects were obtained with 1 microM FCCP (carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethyoxyphenyl-hydrazone), a classical protonophore. Our results also show an enhanced oligomycin-sensitive ATPase action in intact mitochondria incubated with ATP and varying concentrations of perfluidone. Maximum enhancement effect (111.3%) was obtained at 120 microM perfluidone. FCCP (1 microM) stimulated this ATPase action by 130%. An initial inhibition of respiration by oligomycin is due to an interaction with the proton well of FOF1-ATP synthetase (Lardy, H.A. et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 78 (1953) 587). Perfluidone probably increases the proton conductance of mitochondrial inner membrane in the same manner as FCCP and thus causes an increase in mitochondrial respiratory rate. As protons move into the matrix, delta mu H+, the proton electrochemical potential gradient becomes very small and the F0F1-ATP synthetase functions in the direction of hydrolysis of ATP rather than its shnthesis (Mitchell, P., Eur. J. Biochem., 95 (1979) 1). These findings therefore indicate that perfluidone acts in a way similar to FCCP, a classical uncoupler and protonophore. PMID- 3160139 TI - Systematically applied chemicals that damage lung tissue. AB - A large, and increasing number of drugs and chemicals have been found which are toxic to lung following systemic administration. These agents damage lung tissue specifically, or in addition to damage to other tissues. Mechanisms explaining the pulmonary damage produced by some lung toxins have been uncovered. These include concentration of the agent within lung, the absence of adequate pulmonary detoxication systems, and bioactivation to a toxic species within specific lung cells or at distant sites followed by transport to the lung. The basic biochemical lesions underlying lung damage, responses of individual lung cells and pulmonary repair processes to the toxic agent, and species and age differences in susceptibility to lung damage have not, however, been well defined for most lung toxins. This review describes the information available on pulmonary biochemical and pathological changes associated with some of these lung toxic agents. In addition, mechanisms proposed to explain the lung damage are discussed. The agents covered include: paraquat, the thioureas, butylated hydroxytoluene, the trialkylphosphorothioates, various lung-toxic furans and antineoplastic agents, the pyrrolizidine alkaloids, metals and organometallic compounds, amphiphilic agents, hydrocarbons, oleic acid, 3-methylindole, and diabetogenic agents. Detailed reviews on the overall toxicity of many of these agents have been published elsewhere. This review concentrates on their pulmonary toxicity. Information is presented as an overview to illustrate both the extensive literature that is available and the important questions that remain to be answered about systemic chemicals that damage lung tissue. PMID- 3160140 TI - Effects of neonatal ovariectomy on antibody production. AB - T lymphocyte activity and thymic secretion were studied in bilaterally ovariectomized and sham-operated rats. Our data suggest that ovaries could not act on estradiol receptors located on thymic epithelial cells, the source of thymic factors, but on other hypothetic receptors affected by puberty. PMID- 3160141 TI - Hassall's corpuscles in the thymus of fetuses, infants and children: immunological and histochemical aspects. AB - Hassall's corpuscles (HC) were examined for immunological and histochemical markers in cryostat sections of thymus from fetuses, infants and children. HC could not be detected before 14 weeks of gestation. Receptors for the Fc part of IgG (Fc gamma R) were demonstrated by adherence of ox erythrocytes sensitized with anti-ox IgG using a closed chamber technique. Fc gamma R were also detected by immune complexes of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and rabbit antibodies to HRP, and with an anti-Fc gamma R serum, using indirect immunofluorescence technique and indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The staining was seen along the outer cell membranes of the HC. The Fc gamma R activity was highest in early fetal life, and decreased with increasing age. Indicator cells which detect receptors for the Fc part of IgM and for the activated third component of complement did not adhere to HC. At 14 weeks of gestation, HC showed a weak alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity, while from 16 weeks the staining intensity and pattern was unchanged. In some HC, separate cells with strong ANAE activity were seen. These cells also showed endogenous peroxidase activity, and were stained by an antibody to HLA-DR antigens. Such cells were not seen until 16 weeks of gestation. HC were stained by antibodies to IgG in fetuses older than 16 weeks, and the intensity increased gradually up to 24 weeks. Antibodies to IgM weakly stained some HC in fetuses between 16 and 36 weeks of gestation, whereas antibodies to IgA stained a minority of HC in fetuses older than 24 weeks. PMID- 3160142 TI - Effect of cyclosporine on MHC class II antigen expression on arterial and venous endothelium in vitro. AB - MHC class II antigens play a crucial role in immunological responses. The expression of MHC class II antigens on monocytes and endothelial cells is reported to be variable and able to be induced by gamma-interferon. In this study we report on MHC class II antigen expression in vitro by arterial and venous canine endothelial cells, as detected with FACS analysis and indirect immunofluorescence with a monoclonal antibody against canine MHC class II antigens. It appears that cultured endothelial cells do not express MHC class II antigens. Their expression could be induced during a three-day incubation period in lymphokine-containing supernatant produced in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC). Cyclosporine (CsA) added to allogeneically stimulated or unstimulated canine lymphocytes in MLC inhibited the induction of expression by the MLC supernatant. The addition of CsA to MLC supernatant did not have an inhibitory effect. It is concluded that CsA inhibits the production of an MHC class-II-antigen-inducing lymphokine produced by lymphocytes in mixed cultures; allogeneic stimulation is not necessary for production of the lymphokine. It is postulated that a possible mode of action of CsA in prolongation of allograft survival is based on prevention of the induction of MHC class II antigen expression by endothelial cells. PMID- 3160143 TI - The impaired ability of human monocytes to stimulate autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions after exposure to cyclosporine. Associated alterations of HLA-DR expression and physical characteristics of monocytes. AB - Human monocytes (M phi) preexposed to cyclosporine (CsA) concentrations ranging between 1.0 and 10.0 micrograms/ml were impaired in their ability to stimulate autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) when they were compared with control M phi unexposed to CsA. M phi preexposed to CsA and M phi preexposed to PGE2 displayed reduced expression of HLA-DR. Indomethacin protected M phi from decreased HLA-DR expression at lower CsA concentrations, but was unable to prevent the decrease of HLA-DR with higher concentrations of CsA. CsA appeared capable of perturbing M phi membranes because decreases in the indirect light scattering properties of M phi were detected with the various CsA concentrations tested. Higher CsA concentrations significantly reduced the cellular volumes of M phi. The reductions of cellular volume were considerably less than the decreases in indirect light scatter. These data show that CsA interacts directly with M phi, reducing their functional ability to trigger MLR responses and their phenotypic expression of HLA-DR. The decreased HLA-DR expression is mediated via prostaglandins at low CsA concentrations and the decreased HLA-DR expression is mediated via membrane perturbations unrelated to prostaglandins at high CsA concentrations. PMID- 3160145 TI - Epidemiological assessment of the distribution and endemicity of guinea worm infection in Asa, Kwara State, Nigeria. AB - An investigation was made in 1983 to determine the distribution and endemicity of dracunculiasis in Asa, Kwara State, Nigeria. The findings revealed that the disease was widespread and highly prevalent. The house to house survey conducted in 11 of the 20 villages where recent cases had been identified gave an overall prevalence of 53% during the peak period of infection. At least two out of every five residents in each village had an active infection. More adults had clinical dracunculiasis than children (P less than 0.001) but the disease showed no preference for sex (P greater than 0.05). Factors responsible for the high endemicity and the increasing spread of the infection, for the disparity in the distribution pattern of the infection in different villages, and the impact and future of the disease in the area are highlighted. PMID- 3160144 TI - The effectiveness of anti-Ia-immunotoxins in the suppression of MLR. AB - The potential use of a mouse anti-Ia monoclonal antibody conjugated with a plant toxin as an immunosuppressive agent for organ transplantation was examined by studying the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). In initial observations in a murine system utilizing strains A/J and C57B1/6 (B6), it was shown that a rich-toxin conjugated anti-I-Ek monoclonal antibody (13.4-immunotoxin) would kill Ia-bearing cells of strain A/J (I-Ek)--but not of strain B6, the cells of which lack I-E determinants. Studies reported here demonstrated that 13.4-immunotoxin effectively removed stimulatory cells from the I-E-bearing spleen cells but had no effect on spleen cells lacking I-E determinants or responder lymph node cells (I-E+ or I-E-) similarly treated (i.e., 1 micrograms/10(6) cells). Taking advantage of the finding that such anti-I-E antibodies react with rat spleen cells bearing class II major histocompatibility complex molecules, we utilized these toxin-conjugated antibodies to inhibit MLR in rats. Assuming that the MLR is an in vitro representative of graft rejection, we suggest that such immunotoxins might be useful for pretreatment of organ allografts for transplantation across major histocompatibility barriers. PMID- 3160146 TI - [Radioresistant DNA synthesis in the fibroblasts of a Down's syndrome patient]. AB - DNA synthesis after gamma-irradiation was analysed either by direct assay of the amount of 3H-Td incorporated into DNA of fibroblasts derived from normal donor and from a patient with Down's syndrome, or by analysis of the steady-state distribution of 3H-DNA in alkaline sucrose gradients. Doses of gamma-radiation that markedly inhibited the rate of DNA synthesis in normal human cells caused almost no inhibition in fibroblasts of the patient with Down's syndrome. The radioresistant DNA synthesis in cells of this patient was mainly due to a much less inhibition of replicon initiation than that in normal cells. Thus, in the case of Down's syndrome, the cells fail to go through the delays during which DNA lesions can be repaired, unlike the situation being the case in normal cells. PMID- 3160147 TI - [Acute lumbago-sciatica caused by lumbar disk prolapse an 84-year-old patient. "No, lady--you are too old for that"]. PMID- 3160148 TI - [Low backache in fork-lift drivers]. PMID- 3160149 TI - [Spectinomycin treatment of gonorrhea caused by penicillin-resistant gonococci]. PMID- 3160150 TI - [Treatment of acute and chronic back pain with muscular exercises]. PMID- 3160151 TI - [Chiropractic treatment of low backache. A prospective study]. PMID- 3160152 TI - Hemodynamics of the normal human carotid bifurcation: in vitro and in vivo studies. AB - The spatial and temporal characteristics of blood flow in the normal adult human carotid bifurcation are investigated by two different methods: in vitro pulsatile flow model experiments using laser Doppler anemometry and in vivo studies employing pulsed Doppler velocity measurements obtained with an ultrasound duplex scanner. Glass and Plexiglas models based upon arteriographic measurements were evaluated with laser Doppler anemometer methods for pulsatile flow. A similarity approach permits the model study to be geometrically and hydrodynamically accurate with respect to the human carotid bifurcation. These parallel but separate approaches were originally performed by the principal authors without knowledge of each others' work. Normal flow patterns in the proximal internal carotid artery are demonstrated to include: unidirectional, helical, transient reversal, and low velocity regions of flows. The characterization of these complex temporal and spatially variant flow fields required the high sample volume resolution afforded by the model study. Pulsed Doppler ultrasound and a novel method of positioning the sample volume permitted a qualitative description of the complex flow velocity fields in the normal human bifurcation. Results of the two methods are compared and a striking similarity between the two methods is observed for the primary and secondary flow features. The problem of associating blood flow velocity disturbances with the presence of intralumenal disease is addressed in the discussion. It is suggested that the flow disturbances associated with the normal carotid bifurcation are different from those associated with intraluminal disease and further, that the secondary flow structures can be usefully employed to establish normalcy. PMID- 3160153 TI - A combined ultrasonic linear array scanner and pulsed Doppler velocimeter for the estimation of blood flow in the foetus and adult abdomen--I: Technical aspects. AB - A method is proposed for estimating the volume blood flow of deep lying vessels in the foetus and in adult portal vein and renal vessels. The equipment combines a 3.5 MHz linear array scanner with a 2 or 4 MHz pulsed Doppler. The pulsed Doppler tranducer is connected to the linear array by two movable arms. A real time spectrum analyser is used to process the Doppler signals. A water bath was used to perform an in vitro calibration of the complete system and to adjust the registration of the Doppler sample volume with the echo picture. Several possible inaccuracies in vessel diameter measurement are discussed and the mean of several caliper measurements described by Eik-Ness (1982) is used. Time Motion is thought to be the better method but is more complicated in practice. PMID- 3160154 TI - A combined ultrasonic linear array scanner and pulsed Doppler velocimeter for the estimation of blood flow in the foetus and adult abdomen--II: Clinical evaluation. AB - A combined pulsed Doppler and linear array scanner is used to measure volume blood flow in 75 aortas and 45 umbilical veins of foetuses in the 3rd trimester. The mean aortic flow was 277 ml/min/kg and the mean umbilical venous flow was 122 ml/min/kg. Mean flow in the portal veins of normal subjects was found to be between 0.6 and 2.0 l/min. Clear signals were obtained from the adult kidney but no volume flow calculation has yet been attempted. The use of a spectrum analyser is considered fundamental to the accurate interpretation and processing of the Doppler signals. Medical and electronic artefacts are described which would not be detected without the use of an analyser. PMID- 3160155 TI - [Urological services during World War II 1941-1945]. PMID- 3160156 TI - Field evaluation of a method for the chemoprophylaxis of parasitic bronchitis in calves. AB - Studies on the epidemiology of Dictyocaulus viviparus infections in Denmark have suggested that the adult lungworms present in calves around the sixth week after turnout play an important role in determining the subsequent pattern of disease. This trial was designed to test whether prophylactic treatment at this time would control disease in calves kept under British conditions. Thirty autumn-born Friesian or Friesian-cross bull calves were allowed to graze the whole of a 5 hectare field for six weeks after turnout. The field was then divided into two and the calves split into matching groups, one group being put into each of the paddocks. One group was treated with levamisole at this time and again two weeks later while the other was kept as an untreated control. Anthelmintic treatment resulted in a marked reduction in larval excretion and considerably delayed the build-up of infection on pasture. This in turn delayed the onset and reduced the severity of clinical signs in the treated group. However, as disease was not eliminated completely this prophylactic programme cannot be recommended to the British farmer in its present form. These findings are discussed in the context of the yet incomplete knowledge of the epidemiology of parasitic bronchitis. PMID- 3160157 TI - Swine dysentery in a sow herd. I. Clinical manifestation and elimination of the disease with a combination of lincomycin and spectinomycin. AB - An acute outbreak of swine dysentery (Doyle) on a farrowing farm is described. Besides clinical signs of enteritis a general loss of condition was seen throughout the herd. This resulted in a decreased fertility and breeding performance among sows and an increase in piglet mortality. Several dehydrated sows aborted. The outbreak was stopped by oral treatment with lincomycin/spectinomycin 1:1. In the course of the treatment all animals and buildings were washed and disinfected. The use of pharmacotherapeutics in treating swine dysentery is discussed with emphasis on the involuntary induction of carriers. PMID- 3160158 TI - [Local societies of roentgenologists and radiologists and their value in improving roentgenological service to the population of the RFSFR]. PMID- 3160159 TI - In situ identification of immune competent cells in gastrointestinal mucosa: an evaluation by immunoelectronmicroscopy. AB - The in situ identification of lymphocyte subpopulations by means of immunopathological techniques using specific monoclonal antibodies provides a tool for the study of the gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in health and disease. In this field, monoclonal antibodies have been applied previously using light microscopy and either immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase; however, these techniques are not sensitive enough to allow precise evaluation of localization of labelling. We describe an immunoelectronmicroscopic method, which defines labelling specificity, since it allows the identification of cells by immunophenotype labelling and ultrastructural markers simultaneously. This in turn allows a better evaluation of the labelled cells and of the relationship between labelled and unlabelled cells. The main features of the method are the use of fresh tissue samples, fixing in paraformaldehyde CaCl2, and the coupling of the immune reaction to an amplification system (avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex). The technique yields a good preservation of cellular ultrastructure, together with a strong and specific immunolabelling. Our results confirm the high specificity of monoclonal antibodies when applied to immunopathology techniques. We confirm the pattern of distribution of various lymphocyte subsets in the jejunal mucosa described by other authors by light microscopy. PMID- 3160160 TI - Cardiomyopathy associated with Leigh's disease. AB - Clinical and postmortem findings in a female infant, suffering from Leigh's disease and cardiomegaly are described. The cardiac enlargement was due to symmetrical thickening of both ventricular walls and the septum. On light microscopy a widespread fibre disarray with a slight predilection for the ventricular septum was observed. Ultrastructural changes included an extreme reduction in the number of myofibrils and an excess of mitochondria. Abnormalities of the mitochondrial structure with tubular and myelinic transformation of the cristae suggested that a mitochondriopathy is responsible for the cardiomegaly in Leigh's disease. PMID- 3160161 TI - Competition between retinal and 3-dehydroretinal for opsin in the regeneration of visual pigment. AB - Rhodopsin regenerated faster than porphyropsin in all preparations of bullfrog opsin, bullfrog rod outer segment membrane and cattle opsin. When opsin was incubated with excess amount of an equimolar mixture of 11-cis-retinal and 11-cis 3-dehydroretinal, the composition of the regenerated pigment was simply dependent on the ratio of regeneration rates of rhodopsin and porphyropsin. This result can provide a mechanism to account for the discrepancy in vitamin A1/A2 composition between the retina and the pigment epithelium. The property of opsin preferring retinal to 3-dehydroretinal may be one of the basic factors affecting vitamin A1/A2 visual pigment systems. PMID- 3160162 TI - [Medical services in the rifle regiment during battles on the Kalinin front]. PMID- 3160163 TI - [An army hospital for infectious diseases]. PMID- 3160164 TI - [Advanced training in military medicine]. PMID- 3160165 TI - [The role of health resort and climatic factors of the Khudat-Ialaminsk Caspian Sea shore in the treatment of patients with the initial symptoms of cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 3160166 TI - [Changes in the neuromuscular system of children with dysplastic scoliosis during health resort treatment including mud therapy]. PMID- 3160168 TI - Lasers in cardiovascular surgery--current status. AB - The argon, carbon dioxide and neodymium-YAG lasers have been proposed as effective instruments for surgical procedures of the intact cardiovascular system. While argon and CO(2) lasers cause superficial (0 to 1 mm) thermal injury, the Nd:YAG laser is better suited for effecting deep thermal necrosis (3 to 4 mm). Microsurgical vessel anastomoses can be done by "tissue welding" with any of the three clinical lasers. Myocardial revascularization may be accomplished by drilling "neocapillaries" in ischemic myocardium. Endocardial resection for destroying arrhythmic pathways and removing hypertrophied septal muscle has also been successfully accomplished with laser phototherapy. Last, laser-mediated vaporization of atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries and peripheral circulation may offer a percutaneous approach to the treatment of arterial occlusive disease. Cardiovascular uses of lasers are purely investigational at the current time. Much more needs to be known before widespread clinical use of lasers in the cardiovascular system can occur. PMID- 3160167 TI - [Graded aerohyperthermia in the complex health resort treatment of patients with a nephrotic variant of chronic glomerulonephritis on the southern coast of Crimea]. PMID- 3160169 TI - Neonatal seborrheic dermatitis. PMID- 3160170 TI - [A case of actinomycosis of the abdominal wall]. PMID- 3160171 TI - [A case of Morquio disease in a 5-year-old boy]. PMID- 3160172 TI - [Phenomenology of Huntington chorea, analysis of a large family]. AB - The marked variability of psychiatric and neurological features of Huntington's chorea is described in a large family consisting of 31 members of two filial generations and the parenteral generation, of which 13 members showed manifest signs of the disease, while two further members died probably in a preliminary stage of the disease. It is of interest that a few members of the family had a large number of children, while the majority remained without offspring. Analysis of the psychiatric symptoms and signs shows that the course of the disease may take either a quiet demential, or a turbulent form. In the latter the features of manic-depressive psychosis or of schizophrenia occur, as well as a syndrome resembling psychopathic states with explosive-violent features comparable to the pseudo-psychopathia syndrome of U. H. Peters. The quiet demential course is correlated to progressive cerebral atrophy. The different forms of the turbulent course may be due to additional, genetically determined radicals of both groups of psychoses, to localized differences in the progression of the cerebral atrophy or to unspecific noxious influences from the external or internal milieu. With regard to neurological features, apart from the signs of chorea, akinesic rigidity and tic-like hyperkinesias with transition into stereotypes and primitive motor patterns were observed, as well as an apallic syndrome in the terminal phase. As a rare psychiatric variant, a syndrome characterized by compulsive pedantry combined with tic-like hyperkinesias was observed. The possibility of a striatal lesion causing motor and psychiatric impulsive features is pointed out. PMID- 3160173 TI - Conservative microsurgical management of ectopic gestation. AB - The current management of ectopic gestation has been greatly affected by two apparent trends: a world-wide dramatic increase in its incidence; and a tendency for women to delay childbearing into later life. In the past, the objective of surgery for ectopic pregnancy was saving lives, and salpingectomy was the procedure of choice. At present, with improved methods of an early diagnosis, namely quantitative beta-HCG, ultrasonography, and laparoscopy, preservation of maximal reproductive potential of the affected women becomes a primary surgical goal. Conservative microsurgical approach with the reconstruction of the affected oviduct may be the procedure of choice. Following standard salpingectomy for ectopic gestation, two-thirds of such patients will not subsequently reproduce successfully. On the other hand, statistics indicate that microsurgical repair of the affected oviduct at the time of operation for an ectopic pregnancy will be followed by term pregnancy in 50 to 72% of patients. In this presentation, a variety of conservative surgical approaches are described and discussed. They represent a spectrum from operative laparoscopy to laparotomy with linear salpingotomy, segmental excision with or without an immediate anastomosis, to the management of tubal abortion. General principles of microsurgical techniques applicable to the management of unruptured ectopic gestation are outlined. The analysis of available data indicate that conservative approach is advantageous for preservation and enhancement of future reproductive potential of the affected patient. Since ectopic tubal gestation is an unqualified human reproductive disaster, preservation and restoration of normal pelvic architecture appears logical and applicable, especially in cases of chronologically older women whose first pregnancy is an ectopic location. PMID- 3160174 TI - [Endorphins and the maternofetal entity]. PMID- 3160175 TI - [Plasma androgen levels in female acne patients]. AB - In 30 female patients suffering from acne vulgaris and 32 female controls, we determined the plasma levels of androstenedione, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. The average rates of all three androgens were significantly increased in acne. But only the dihydrotestosterone rate showed a clear separation from the individual values of the two collectives. These findings suggest increased synthesis of dihydrotestosterone within the skin of patients with acne vulgaris. PMID- 3160176 TI - [Quantitative analysis of skin surface lipids using a sebumeter method. Random lipid levels on the skin surface during therapy with 13-cis-retinoic acid, minocycline hydrochloride and UVA rays]. AB - The Sebumeter method used in this study for quantitative analysis of skin surface lipids differs from previous techniques in simple handling and quick practicability and is therefore helpful in the clinical routine. Sebumetrical measurements carried out on healthy persons revealed symmetrical distribution of skin surface lipids. The highest levels were found on the forehead; young people generally showed higher values than older persons. During therapy with 13-cis retinoic acid on acne patients for 6 months (0.5 mg/kg daily), we found reduction of the random level in the first month, particularly in the forehead region. During therapy with minocycline on 3 acne patients for 3 months (2 X 50 mg daily), there was no variation of the random level observed. UVA irradiation on the face for 10 minutes daily (0.55 J/cm2/min) over a period of 3 weeks resulted in continuous reduction of the random level in most of the tested persons; a small part of them reacted by fluctuating values. PMID- 3160177 TI - [Effect of coal tar on cignolin erythema--1 hour treatment of psoriasis with high dose cignolin with and without tar]. AB - Coal tar applied simultaneously showed a suppressive effect on anthralin erythema. This effect was demonstrated by an epicutaneous test 24 hours (27 patients) and 1 hour (46 patients) after application of various concentrations of anthralin combined with tar 3%. In a clinical study on 9 patients, anthralin 3% alone or combined with tar 10% were administered in a right and left comparison on symmetrical chronic psoriatic lesions for 1 hour daily. Anthralin plus tar exhibited a stronger anti-psoriatic effect than anthralin alone did. Tar reduced the anthralin erythema in the perilesional skin. These findings favor the combination of coal tar and anthralin in the 1-hour treatment schedule of psoriasis. PMID- 3160178 TI - [Academician I.S. Beritashvili (Beritov). On the centenary of his birth]. PMID- 3160179 TI - [Spectral analysis of continuous Doppler signals of the extracranial carotid artery. A comparison of several measurement procedures for the detection of nonstenosing wall changes]. PMID- 3160180 TI - [Therapy of virginal prostatic cancer with cyproterone acetate]. AB - 52 patients with virginal carcinoma of the prostate were treated with 100 mg cyproterone acetate during an observation period of 12 to 68 months (average 38.2 months). In 7 patients (13.5%) the therapy had to be stopped because of gastrointestinal intolerability. Of 45 patients in whom a relevant clinical statement was possible 44.4% showed a progression of the disease after a period of 3 to 30 months (on average 10.8 months). 95% of these patients had carcinomas with a higher degree of malignity (GII or GIII). From this is concluded that the monotherapy of the medium- to undifferentiated carcinoma of the prostate with cyproterone acetate is to be refused in this dosage. PMID- 3160181 TI - [Cytological changes in the pulp-dentin system following injury due to cavity preparation and the application of phosphate cement]. PMID- 3160182 TI - [Determination of age by dental hemisections]. PMID- 3160183 TI - [Results of physical studies of Isosite filling materials]. PMID- 3160184 TI - [Comparative studies on 1- and 2-stage procedures for facio-facial anastomosis in an animal experiment]. PMID- 3160185 TI - [Mohr syndrome--symptoms and differential diagnosis]. PMID- 3160186 TI - [Nondestructive multielement analysis of skull biopsies by neutron activation]. PMID- 3160187 TI - [Initial experiences with the operative treatment of tubal pregnancy by laparoscopy]. AB - First experiences and results in 14 tubal pregnancies are reported operated on by laparoscopy. In 11 cases the tubes were removed. In 3 patients there was a conservative operation with preservation of the tubes. A laparotomy had to be done in one patient for a hemorrhage from the mesosalpinx. Duration of stay in the hospital lasts from 4 to 5 days. Second-look-laparoscopies of 9 patients whose fallopian tubes had been removed resulted in 7 normal findings. In two cases there were adhesions between omentum majus and uterus on that side operated on. Following expressions of the gestational sac in two patients there was one normal tube and in the other one slight peritubal adhesions. Two patients who were operated on conservatively had been delivered afterwards. PMID- 3160188 TI - [Open laparoscopy. Contribution to safe gynecologic laparoscopy]. AB - A modified form of "open" laparoscopy is proposed starting from the different estimation of the risk of "closed" laparoscopy, the differently manipulated technical procedure, the considerable possibilities of complications and their control especially at smaller gynaecologic departments. Safety and easy manipulation are underlined, first of all in extremely obese patients. Usage of this method is recommended even at smaller departments. PMID- 3160189 TI - [Treatment of ovarian cancer with combined operative, radiologic and cytostatic therapy]. AB - It is reported about significant superior results of two years of the combined ovarian cancer treatment in contrast to operation and chemotherapy. Our therapy is the combination of operation, great field radiation technique, chemotherapy and second-look-operation. The remission of two years: Stage I: 64%, stage II: 50%, stage III: 45% and stage IV: -Only in stage IV no improvement can be achieved by addition of the radiation therapy. PMID- 3160190 TI - [Pre-, peri- and postnatal factors in 419 handicapped children of a specific region]. AB - A retrospective analysis was done in 419 children with handicaps, born 1966-1980 in a territory. In comparison with 419 children with normal development the following factors were found more often in the group with handicaps: Mother older than 30 years, brothers and sisters with handicaps, low birth weight, low placental weight, obstetric operations, vaginal labour in breech presentation, low Apgar score, neonatal reanimation, transfer in a children hospital, pathological reflexes in newborn, retardation of early development, bad social environment. PMID- 3160191 TI - [Epidemiology, clinical aspects and diagnosis of trichinelliasis in the Karelian ASSR]. PMID- 3160192 TI - [Effectiveness of measures to prevent acute gastrointestinal diseases in the preschool institutions of Murom District in 1978-1982]. PMID- 3160193 TI - [Stimulation-detection electromyography in kinetic and postural abnormalities of the diaphragm]. PMID- 3160194 TI - [Electromyographic evaluation of the tarsal tunnel syndrome]. PMID- 3160195 TI - [Single-fiber EMG in muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 3160196 TI - [The macro-EMG: technic and introductory concepts]. PMID- 3160197 TI - [Past and current possibilities with UV light in physiotherapy]. PMID- 3160198 TI - [The tonic vibration reflex]. PMID- 3160199 TI - [The effect of skin temperature on the conductivity of the sural nerve ]. PMID- 3160200 TI - [The bulbocavernous latency period]. PMID- 3160201 TI - [Ionization with local anesthetics and with vasoactive substances]. PMID- 3160202 TI - [Open clinical study with Rofenid in the treatment of minor sports injuries]. PMID- 3160203 TI - [Blink reflex in facial paralysis]. PMID- 3160204 TI - [Decubitus ulcer and rehabilitation]. PMID- 3160205 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of the various electrodes in electromyographic studies]. PMID- 3160206 TI - [Exteroceptive facilitation technics in the rehabilitation of very weak paretic muscles]. PMID- 3160208 TI - Spontaneous massive abdominal wall hematoma in polycythemia vera. PMID- 3160207 TI - The relationship between prolactin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and testosterone in normally menstruating females. AB - Circulating levels of prolactin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and testosterone (T) were measured in single blood samples from 115 normal women throughout the menstrual cycle. There was an inverse relationship between prolactin and both DHEAS and T. Subjects with high serum prolactin levels had significantly lower levels of DHEAS and T. PMID- 3160209 TI - Midazolam versus fentanyl/droperidol and placebo as intramuscular premedicant. AB - Midazolam, a new short-acting benzodiazepine with promising premedicant effects, was investigated in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial in 203 patients versus fentanyl/droperidol and placebo. Subjective effects, side-effects, amnesia and overall satisfaction were recorded. Midazolam caused the greatest decrease in anxiety level, and while causing more confusion and somnolence than placebo, caused less confusion and somnolence than fentanyl/droperidol. Half the patients who received midazolam reported anterograde amnesia. No serious side-effects were reported. Patient satisfaction was greater in the midazolam group than in the other groups. PMID- 3160210 TI - Some anthropological aspects of the climacteric syndrome. PMID- 3160211 TI - Effects of a low-dose desogestrel-ethinylestradiol combination on hirsutism, androgens and sex hormone binding globulin in women with a polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - Twenty women suffering from a polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) accompanied by hirsutism were given a low-dose oral contraceptive combination containing 0.150 mg desogestrel plus 0.030 mg ethinylestradiol for 8 months. The pretreatment situation regarding hair and hormone profiles in the PCO group was compared with that in 22 regularly menstruating women. Serum levels of free and total testosterone and androstenedione were significantly elevated in PCO women, as were body weight, blood pressure, hair diameter and depilation frequency. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) binding capacity was lower. Following treatment of the PCO group for 8 months, total and free testosterone levels were depressed, but androstenedione had not changed significantly. SHBG binding capacity was increased five-fold. Body weight decreased in the obese women. Hair growth was significantly suppressed and the hair itself was less coarse. Depilation intervals were longer. Acne, present before the treatment had now disappeared. Blood pressure did not change. Few and mild side effects were recorded. After treatment, 3 women succeeded in becoming pregnant and in 8 others spontaneous menstruations had recurred. PMID- 3160213 TI - Serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and total estrone in postmenopausal women with special regard to 'non-endocrine' ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 3160212 TI - Lipid metabolic studies in women with a polycystic ovary syndrome during treatment with a low-dose desogestrel-ethinylestradiol combination. AB - Twenty women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) were treated with a combination of desogestrel and ethinylestradiol (EE) and the effects on lipids and lipoproteins were compared with those induced in a group of 13 regularly menstruating, healthy women. All women were examined before and after 3 months of treatment. Compared with the regularly menstruating women, the PCO women had significantly higher body weights and blood pressure as well as elevated levels of triglycerides in serum and VLDL. During treatment, 14 out of 20 women affected by PCO lost weight. No significant change in blood pressure was observed. In the PCO group, moderate increments were encountered in serum cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides. No significant changes were seen in LDL cholesterol or HDL-cholesterol. The ratio LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol did not alter. The level of total cholesterol in VLDL rose during treatment. These changes in serum and lipoprotein lipids in PCO patients were of the same type and magnitude as those found in the control group, apart from an increase in HDL cholesterol in the latter. The only remaining difference after treatment was a slightly higher level of VLDL triglycerides in the PCO women. Thus only moderate changes were induced in lipid and lipoprotein patterns by the combination of desogestrel and EE. A "positive" influence on lipids and lipoproteins cannot be considered as a further advantage, added to the list of indications when hormonal treatment is used in PCO-affected women. The clinical implications of elevated triglycerides remain to be clarified. PMID- 3160214 TI - Scintigraphy in early detection of mandibular disorders. AB - Technetium methylenediphosphonate scintigraphy was used to study the effect of irradiation on mandibular uptake. Determination of relative mandibular uptake allows comparison of results in different subjects, while determination of individual normalized mandibular uptake increases the significance of differences found in the same subject at different times. A very uniform increase of about 25% was recorded after radiotherapy of about 50 Gy; the uptake returned to pretherapeutic levels in 9 months. Osteoradionecrosis--and especially osteomyelitis--clearly increases the uptakes above the values of the irradiation effect. To increase the usefulness of scintigraphy in the early detection of an imminent complication, we recommend pretherapeutic control scintigraphy in all cases liable to such complications. PMID- 3160215 TI - Immunization of mice with the fibronectin-binding protein and clumping factor from Staphylococcus aureus: antibody response and resistance against intraperitoneal infection. AB - The antibody response against Staphylococcus aureus antigens was quantitated in mice immunized with live staphylococci, the fibronectin-binding protein, clumping factor, or saline by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunization with purified clumping factor induced a significant increase in antibody levels, while the fibronectin-binding protein gave a poor response. All mice immunized with live S. aureus developed a high antibody level. The immunization of mice with live S. aureus or clumping factor resulted in an increased resistance towards staphylococcal intraperitoneal infection. PMID- 3160216 TI - Plasma and urinary levels of zearalenone and alpha-zearalenol in a prepubertal gilt fed zearalenone. AB - One prepubertal gilt, fed 192 micrograms zearalenone/kg body weight/day for 4 days, showed plasma concentrations of alpha-zearalenol 3-4 times higher than of the parent compound during the treatment. Zearalenone and alpha-zearalenol could be traced in plasma until the 5th day and in urine until the 4th day of the posttreatment period. A maximum circulating amount of zearalenone plus alpha zearalenol, 10.4 ng/ml plasma, was found on the 4th day of treatment followed by an urinary excretion of 305 ng/ml urine. All zearalenone and alpha-zearalenol in plasma and urine were bound to glucuronic acid. On the second day of treatment the animal showed oedema and reddening of the vulva which became more pronounced during the treatment. Hormone analysis, however, showed that the animal had no oestrus cycle during the 3 week experimental period. PMID- 3160217 TI - Acute interaction of halothane and enflurane with the metabolism of ethanol in isolated hepatocytes and liver cytosol preparations from the rat. AB - The effects of halothane and enflurane on ethanol (40 mM) oxidation were studied in isolated rat hepatocytes. Anaesthetic (halothane, enflurane and diethyl ether) effect on the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was studied in incubations of cytosol preparations from rat liver. Mean rates of ethanol metabolism ranged from 0.44 to 0.49 mumol ethanol metabolized/mg cell protein/hour in control hepatocytes from fasted and fed animals. These rates were enhanced by 2- and 3 fold in hepatocytes from fed and fasted animals, respectively, when pyruvate (5 mM) was added. Halothane and enflurane both caused dose dependent inhibition of ethanol metabolism (15-40%) in all hepatocytes without exogenous addition of pyruvate. The inhibitory effect was present also after pyruvate stimulation in hepatocytes from fasted animals, but disappeared in hepatocytes from fed animals when pyruvate was added. The rate of ethanol oxidation by cells from fed rats was enhanced by approximately 40% when the concentration of ethanol was increased from 20 mM to 80 mM. The anaesthetic inhibition of ethanol metabolism was about 20% more pronounced at the higher ethanol concentration compared to the lower concentration when no pyruvate was added. In the presence of pyruvate the effect of anaesthetics was again reversed regardless of ethanol concentration. Halothane (2 mM) and enflurane (2 mM) both caused about 25% inhibition of the ADH-activity in cytosol preparations while ether (30 mM) caused more than 50% inhibition. No inhibition of hepatocyte uptake of ethanol was caused by any of the three anaesthetics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3160218 TI - Effect of DTNB-treatment on Ca++-sensitivity of superprecipitation and ATPase activity of actomyosin. AB - A light chain of 18 000 daltons of native actomyosin isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle was removed by DTNB-treatment. Investigated were the differences in superprecipitation and ATPase activity of LC2-deficient and control actomyosin. The superprecipitation of control actomyosin develops in two phases, with high amplitude and kinetics dependent on the Ca++ concentration. On the other hand, superprecipitation of treated actomyosin develops in a single phase, with low amplitude and a kinetics independent of the Ca++ concentration. The partial lack of LC2 leads to the loss of Ca++-sensitivity of ATPase activity. On the basis of the results, LC2 has been assumed to fix that conformation state of myosin heads which is required for the functioning of the troponin system on the one hand, and a cooperation between myosin heads on the other. The regulatory function of LC2 is manifest in controlling the actin-myosin-ATP interaction, at the activated state of the troponin system, in an extent depending on the actual Ca++ concentration. PMID- 3160219 TI - Importance of the DHEA-sulphate-test in pregnancy. AB - The DHEA-sulphate was applied in the 34th-41st weeks of pregnancy for the estimation of placental function (foetoplacental unit) in normal and pathological pregnancies. It has been established that: the peak of oestrogen excretion is in the dawn hours; the diurnal rhythm of E1 + E2 + E3 excretion is identical; the DHEA-SO4----oestrogen conversion takes place immediately, and within the subsequent 8-10 hours the urinary oestrogen values return to the original level; in physiological pregnancies between the 34th-36th weeks the DHEA-sulphate test indicated normal function in 91% of the cases; in the 37th-41st weeks of apparently normal pregnancies the test showed pathological placental function in 50% of the cases; in pathological pregnancies between the 37th-41st weeks the test in 77% of the cases predicted placental dysfunction. PMID- 3160220 TI - Blood velocities in the uterine artery in humans during labour. AB - Blood velocities in the uterine arteries were measured during labour in humans, by means of the pulsed ultrasound Doppler velocity meter (UNIDOP). The uterine arteries were approached through the abdominal wall at the lateral border of the uterus and through the lateral vaginal fornix. At a depth of 0.5-1.5 cm from the lateral vaginal fornix there were three different arteries in each woman. One of these arteries had similar velocity spectra to the uterine artery as measured through the abdominal wall higher up along the uterus, and the velocities were in the same range. The mean velocities were high and the velocities in diastole were high compared to those in systole. During uterine contractions the velocities were reduced during diastole, reducing mean velocities by 20-40% as measured through the vagina and by 50-60% when measured higher up through the abdominal wall. A second artery, which we believe is a branch of the uterine artery traversing the myometrium, had lower mean velocities and a greater difference between systole and diastole. During contractions the velocities were reduced by 100%. A third artery, which we believe is the descending branch of the uterine artery, supplying the cervix and vagina, had the lowest mean velocities, with backflow during diastole. During contractions the velocities increased 100-140%. PMID- 3160221 TI - Effect of blood volume expansion and sympathetic denervation on plasma levels of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in the rat. PMID- 3160222 TI - Echocardiographic left atrial dimension as a predictor of maintaining sinus rhythm after conversion of atrial fibrillation. AB - Twenty-six patients with lone atrial fibrillation were studied prospectively by M mode echocardiography less than two months before and one month after cardioversion (CV). Seven patients had reverted to atrial fibrillation (AF) one month after CV. These patients (AF group) differed significantly with regard to mean left atrial dimension (LA) from the 19 patients (73%) who maintained sinus rhythm (S group) (p less than 0.001). Initial LA was 38.6 +/- 4.9 mm in the S group and 47.6 +/- 2.3 mm in the AF group. These values had not changed significantly in either group when measured one month after CV. The radiological heart size index showed a closely corresponding pattern. On the other hand, the mean heart size in both groups (441 +/- 100 and 544 +/- 98 ml/m2 BSA, respectively) was well below the upper normal limit (700 ml/m2) that is conventionally used as exclusion criterion from CV. In conclusion, in patients with AF and only moderate cardiac enlargement on chest X-ray, the echocardiographic LA can be used as predictor of maintaining sinus rhythm for at least one month following CV. PMID- 3160223 TI - Effects of three histaminergic compounds on function and oxygen consumption of isolated guinea-pig hearts. AB - First experiences in man indicate, that even in catecholamine-insensitive congestive cardiomyopathy a considerable improvement of myocardial function can be attained by the H2-receptor agonist impromidine. In an isolated, pressure volume work performing guinea-pig heart preparation cardiac effects of three histaminergic compounds (Na,5-dimethylhistamine (HC1)2, 5-ethyl-Na-methyl histamine (HC1)2, Na,Na-dimethyl-histamine (HC1)2) were examined. Influences on function and myocardial oxygen consumption were compared to those obtained by impromidine. Dose-response curves for the histamine derivatives were 1.7-2.5 orders of magnitude right of the impromidine curves. Maximal inotropic stimulation was greater for Na,5-dimethyl-histamine (HC1)2 than for impromidine. All compounds exhibited a high chronotropic effect and, at high concentrations, a net coronary dilating effect. PMID- 3160225 TI - In vivo and in vitro anti-tumour activity of dimaprit. AB - Dimaprit, a histamine H2-receptor agonist, injected daily i.p. to fibrosarcoma bearing mice, induced a decrease in tumour growth and an increase in survival. Dimaprit, added to tumour cell cultures (10(-4) M), inhibited the incorporation of 3H-thymidine while embryonic cell cultures were unaffected. This particular anti-tumour activity is probably H2-independent as histamine and impromidine have no effect on tumour cell cultures. PMID- 3160226 TI - Changes in left ventricular hypertrophy and function in hypertensive patients started on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) often leads to better control of hypertension. In order to evaluate the effects of such improved blood pressure control on left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and LV function, a group of 18 patients with a history of hypertension were followed for changes in LV anatomy and function (with M-mode echocardiography) over a 6 to 12 month period after initiation of CAPD. All patients had echocardiographic evidence of increased LV mass related to concentric and eccentric hypertrophy. On CAPD, blood pressure decreased (greater than 5 mm Hg) in 12 patients. LV mass decreased in 15 patients and increased in one. A decrease in both wall thickness and LV dimension contributed to the fall in LV mass on CAPD. Initially, LV dimension exceeded normal in 9 out of 18 patients. On CAPD, LV dimension decreased to near normal in size in six, and no patient developed LV dilation on CAPD. Four patients initially had a decreased fractional shortening and ejection fraction; three of these normalized while on CAPD and no patient deteriorated. These results indicate that CAPD improves LV hypertrophy by normalizing both volume and pressure overload. These effects may prevent deterioration in LV function in patients with still normal LV function, and may improve LV function in patients who already exhibit decreased LV performance. PMID- 3160224 TI - Quantification of H2-agonism by clonidine and dimaprit in an adenylate cyclase assay. AB - In homogenates of guinea-pig ventricle clonidine and dimaprit both stimulate adenylate cyclase and exhibit "bell-shaped' E/[A] curves. The two properties (stimulatory and inhibitory) could be resolved using a theoretical model assuming a "down line' auto-inhibitory mechanism. In the case of clonidine a further depressive property could be seen in the presence of high concentrations of the selective H2-receptor antagonist tiotidine which is not explicable in terms of this model. The results suggest that clonidine has a direct agonistic effect on H2-receptors in guinea-pig heart. However, like dimaprit, clonidine appears to be a partial agonist because its expression is confounded by a secondary inhibitory property(ies). PMID- 3160227 TI - Estimation of regional stress in the left ventricular septum and free wall: an echocardiographic study suggesting a mechanism for asymmetric septal hypertrophy. AB - Although asymmetric septal hypertrophy is noted in a wide variety of cardiac disorders, its cause remains unclear. One possible mechanism is that the septum is subjected to greater systolic stress because of its flatter (more eccentric) contour. This was investigated noninvasively in nine subjects by estimation of regional myocardial stress from measurements of blood pressure by cuff sphygmomanometry and by echocardiographic examinations of left ventricular shape and dimensions. Analysis of left ventricular cavity shape showed that both the free and septal walls were elliptical, but the septum was more eccentric than the free wall. Using a conceptual model to determine changes in regional systolic stress, the theoretical rate of increase in regional stress relative to pressure (delta S/delta P) was significantly greater in the septum compared to the free wall. Increased hypertrophy of the septum to normalize this increased delta S/delta P may be the cause of asymmetric septal hypertrophy in many disorders associated with elevated left ventricular pressure. PMID- 3160228 TI - Effects of a new cardiotonic agent, MDL-17,043, on myocardial contractility and left ventricular performance in congestive heart failure. AB - MDL-17,043, a newly synthesized imidazole derivative, has been shown to manifest both inotropic and peripheral vasodilating properties in experimental animals and to be effective when administered orally. Although MDL-17,043 has been demonstrated to inhibit cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) phosphodiesterase activity in vitro, whether its inotropic activity derives from increased myocellular levels of cyclic AMP is not yet known. After intravenous administration of MDL-17,043 to seven patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF) at the time of cardiac catheterization, the rate of left ventricular (LV) pressure rise increased almost immediately from a control of 878 +/- 161 to a peak of 1010 +/- 217 mm Hg/sec (p less than 0.01), while cardiac index tended to increase but not significantly. Subsequently, as mean aortic pressure decreased from 86.4 +/- 15.9 at control to 75.6 +/- 16.4 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), cardiac index rose from 1.87 +/- 0.35 at control to 2.30 +/- 0.27 L/min/m2 at peak effect (p less than 0.01), while pulmonary capillary wedge pressure fell from 23.7 +/- 5.1 to 13.1 +/- 4.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). Concomitantly, the rate of LV pressure rise returned to control value. Thus, intravenous administration of MDL-17,043 improves myocardial contractility and LV performance in patients with severe CHF. This manifest improvement in LV performance most probably results from both the positive inotropic and direct vasodilating effects of MDL-17,043. PMID- 3160229 TI - Ventricular fibrillation during coronary angiography: association with potassium containing glyceryl trinitrate. PMID- 3160230 TI - Left ventricular stress-dimension-shortening relations before and after correction of chronic aortic and mitral regurgitation. AB - Mechanical characteristics of the left ventricle in chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) differ from those in chronic mitral regurgitation (MR). The differences are thought to be responsible, in part, for the changes in left ventricular (LV) function observed after surgical correction of AR or MR. To test this hypothesis, LV stress-dimension-shortening relations were determined before and after valve replacement in patients with compensated and decompensated chronic AR and MR. Echocardiographic data from 32 patients with AR and 20 patients with MR were used; preoperatively, all 52 patients had LV enlargement. Based on postoperative data, 2 subgroups were defined for each lesion: Patients in group A achieved a normal end-diastolic dimension (less than 3.3 cm/m2) and patients in group B had persistent LV enlargement. Preoperatively, the patients in group A with AR had increased peak systolic stress, but end-systolic stress and fractional shortening were normal; the patients in group B with AR had increased peak systolic stress, increased end-systolic stress and depressed shortening. One year after aortic valve replacement the patients in group A had normal systolic wall stresses and normal shortening, whereas those in group B had persistently abnormal wall stresses and a decrease in shortening. Preoperatively, patients in group A with MR had only modest elevations of peak stress, while end-systolic stress and fractional shortening were normal; in patients in group B with MR the peak stress was similar to that seen in group A, but end-systolic stress was increased and shortening was depressed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3160231 TI - Decreased helper T lymphocytes in homosexual men. I. Sexual contact in high incidence areas for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - In June 1982, sexual and other behavioral patterns were examined in 245 homosexual men in relationship to T-lymphocyte phenotypes that are characteristic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Mean helper T-cell counts in New York City (579 +/- 32 cells/mm3) and Washington, DC, homosexual men with sexual contacts in areas at high risk (endemic) for AIDS (567 +/- 24 cells/mm3) were significantly lower than in Washington, DC, residents without such contacts (672 +/- 36 cells/mm3, p = 0.04 by analysis of variance). Helper T-cell counts in the Washington men were inversely correlated with a greater number of endemic area homosexual contacts (p = 0.005), even after adjustment for multiple confounding variables (p = 0.02). The 31 Washington men with more than 15 endemic area partners had a mean helper T-cell count of 517 +/- 44 cells/mm3, and 12 of those 31 men had helper T-cell counts less than 400 cells/mm3. AIDS patients are known to have a marked reduction in the number and function of helper T lymphocytes. The data suggest that deficits of helper T lymphocytes can be acquired by homosexual contact with men in cities where AIDS is common. This supports the hypotheses that low helper T-cell counts may be caused by a sexually transmissible agent and that frequent homosexual exposure to residents of high risk areas for AIDS may be an important means of spread of this agent. PMID- 3160232 TI - Decreased helper T lymphocytes in homosexual men. II. Sexual practices. AB - In June 1982, the sexual practices of 245 homosexual male outpatients of private physicians were evaluated in relationship to decreased numbers of helper T lymphocytes, an abnormality that is characteristic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Three risk groups were defined a priori--85 high-risk men from central Manhattan ("New York"), 96 intermediate-risk men from Washington, DC, with AIDS-area homosexual contacts ("Washington-exposed"), and 64 low-risk Washington, DC, men without such contacts ("Washington-unexposed"). An increasing number of homosexual partners was correlated with decreasing helper T cell counts (R = -0.29, p = 0.009) and decreasing helper:suppressor T-cell ratios (R = -0.32, p = 0.005) in the entire study group combined and in New York subjects separately. Suppressor T-cell counts were unrelated to the number of partners in all three groups. Increasingly frequent receptive anal intercourse correlated with decreasing helper T-cell counts most clearly in the New York City group (R = -0.23, p = 0.04), somewhat less so in the Washington-exposed group (R = -0.18, p = 0.07), and not at all in the Washington-unexposed group (R = -0.09, p = 0.48). This association persisted in the New York and Washington-exposed groups after adjusting for seven other sexual practices, the number of homosexual partners, and five other potentially confounding variables. A transmissible agent associated with receptive anal intercourse best explains these data. The cause of these low helper T-cell counts may also be the cause of AIDS. PMID- 3160233 TI - The control of hepatitis B virus infection with vaccine in Yupik Eskimos. Demonstration of safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy under field conditions. AB - In 1981, a hepatitis B vaccine demonstration project was initiated among Yupik Eskimos of southwest Alaska to demonstrate that, under field conditions, the vaccine was safe, immunogenic, and efficacious. Laboratory tests for serologic markers of hepatitis B virus infection (HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc) performed on sera collected in May 1981 from 3,988 residents of 17 remote Eskimo villages revealed that 2,645 (66.3%) had no evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. Because of a limited supply of vaccine, specific criteria for selection were used so that those at highest risk of infection would be immunized first. In November 1981, the first dose of vaccine was administered to 1,693 carefully selected individuals. The second dose was administered to 1,678 (99.1%) of those who received the first dose, and the final dose was administered to 1,630 persons (96.3%). Serologic follow-up showed the vaccine to be safe (0.4% experienced minor adverse reactions) and immunogenic (97.4% developed antibody). Vaccine induced antibody levels were significantly higher for persons less than 30 years of age (p less than 0.001) and for females (p less than 0.001). Vaccine recipients were also protected from hepatitis B virus infection (p = 0.002). This public health measure proved to be feasible and effective in this remote arctic population despite difficult conditions for delivery and administration of this temperature-sensitive vaccine. This strategy for immunization is now being applied on a larger scale in Alaska as part of a program for the primary prevention of this infection and its sequelae. PMID- 3160234 TI - Disability pensions due to peptic ulcer in Germany between 1953 and 1983. AB - In the present study, the number of disability pensions provided in West Germany between 1953 and 1983 because of peptic ulcer served as a marker of peptic ulcer morbidity. A total of 46,426 cases of disability resulting from peptic ulcer occurred, representing 0.6% of all cases of disability in West Germany during this period. Blue collar workers were affected more often than white collar workers, and men more often than women. The proportion of disability pensions due to peptic ulcer markedly declined between 1953 and 1973. This decline affected both sexes and both blue and white collar workers and was accompanied by a shift of the highest age-specific proportions from the middle to the older age groups. These findings show that the previously observed temporal variations of peptic ulcer disease do not apply only to the mortality but also to the prevalence of peptic ulcer. PMID- 3160235 TI - Abnormal coagulation results in patients with Hodgkin's disease. AB - Case records of 177 patients admitted with Hodgkin's disease were reviewed to assess the frequency and significance of coagulation abnormalities. Prolongation of the prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, or thrombin time occurred in 56 patients, 32 percent of all evaluable cases. The most frequent clotting abnormalities involved the prothrombin time, which was increased in 43 patients (24 percent). Prothrombin time prolongation correlated with bulky or advanced disease as defined by stage (p = 0.001), constitutional symptoms (p less than 0.0001), massive mediastinal involvement (p = 0.02), and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels (p less than 0.0001). Abnormal coagulation test results followed the course of disease, normalizing with tumor regression and reappearing during relapse. Despite the surprising incidence of abnormal coagulation results, bleeding complications were reported in only two cases. Patients undergoing invasive procedures in the presence of clotting abnormalities fared no worse than those in whom procedures were cancelled. There is no evidence that complete staging evaluation should be comprised because of these abnormal test values. Extensive hematologic testing revealed no single mechanism to explain the coagulation factor disorders found in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3160236 TI - The next 10 years in the treatment of pelvic infections. AB - The future developments in the treatment of pelvic infections in women are based on recent changes. There is an expanded knowledge of the complex multibacterial nature of pelvic infections, the clinical view of salpingitis has radically changed, and there have been great modifications in antibiotic treatment strategies with particular emphasis on anaerobes and Chlamydia. In the next 10 years, the following new developments may be expected. In the diagnosis of pelvic infection, there will be new efforts to have better clinical tests and the use of nonspecific and specific laboratory tests. The rapid identification of Neisseria gonorrhea, group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, Chlamydia, and Bacteroides fragilis would be an important laboratory aid. The treatment of pelvic infection will not be significantly altered by the introduction of new antibiotics. There will be an emphasis on new combinations of currently available antibiotics and studies that focus on the long-term follow-up of treated patients. In the understanding of the pathophysiology of pelvic infections, the importance of the spermatozoa as a carrier of bacteria and the potent immunosuppression due to seminal fluid will be investigated in detail, along with a greater emphasis on treatment of the male. PMID- 3160237 TI - Anthropometric discrimination among affected, at-risk, and not-at-risk individuals in families with Huntington disease. AB - An earlier report showed significant differences among Huntington disease (HD) patients, controls, and particular age cohorts of at-risk persons for several dimensions of body mass and for several linear and craniofacial components of the body. In this investigation a function was derived from a stepwise discriminant analysis of the affected and unaffected groups, and used to classify the at-risk individuals according to HD gene carrier status. The function, comprised of body mass index, subscapular skinfold, head length, and sitting height, classified 95% of the controls and 87% of the affected individuals correctly. Approximately 80% of the individuals at-risk were classified with 80% or greater certainty. We propose that anthropometric variables may prove to be a powerful tool for basic research in HD and the derived discriminant function has potential clinical value as a diagnostic and preclinical diagnostic aid. We emphasize that corroborative testing on other sample populations of HD families is required before these techniques are utilized. Also, it is imperative that the anthropometric protocol include appropriate standardization of the raw measurement data. PMID- 3160238 TI - Erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase activity: genetic analysis in nuclear families with one child affected by Down syndrome. AB - Erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity was measured in 142 members of 32 nuclear families in which one child had Down syndrome (DS). The mean activity in subjects with trisomy 21 appears higher than in parents and sibs, though not significantly so. However, this fact does not seem to modify the properties expected for a trait genetically controlled in a diploid population. The commingling analysis of the COMT activity in the whole group, and in each subgroup of relatives, suggests a mixture of two or, more likely, three components, the latter being in agreement with a transmission model of genes without dominance. The most parsimonious hypothesis supported by the mixed model segregation analysis is that of an additive major locus (d = 0.5) with an estimated frequency of 0.40 +/- 0.03 for the COMTH gene, to which a small polygenic effect (H = 0.067) can be added. This hypothesis is supported further by the analysis of family resemblance, r = 0.45 +/- 0.12 being the maximum likelihood estimator of the intraclass correlation among sibs. The higher COMT activity in DS subjects may reflect a situation of general enzyme disorder only indirectly connected with trisomy of chromosome 21. PMID- 3160239 TI - Gastroschisis in two sibs with abdominal hernia in maternal grandfather and greatgrandfather. PMID- 3160240 TI - Marked proteinuria in hypertensive nephrosclerosis. AB - Heavy proteinuria in patients with essential hypertension raises the question of underlying primary renal disease. While malignant hypertension may be associated with proteinuria in the nephrotic range, it is generally held that protein excretion in benign nephrosclerosis is almost invariably less than 0.5-1.0 g/24 h. We report 18 patients with biopsy-proven hypertensive nephropathy and heavy proteinuria, of which only 6 had malignant hypertension. In the remaining 12 patients with benign nephrosclerosis, protein excretion reached up to 6.5 g/24 h, and nephrotic range proteinuria was present in 3 patients. All patients with heavy proteinuria suffered from long-standing moderate or severe, poorly controlled hypertension and were azotemic. We suggest that hypertensive nephrosclerosis be included in the differential diagnosis of massive proteinuria accompanying azotemia in poorly controlled hypertensives. PMID- 3160241 TI - Newer uses of NSAIDs. PMID- 3160242 TI - The ocular features of Down's syndrome. AB - A combined prospective and retrospective study of patients with Down's syndrome showed that these patients have narrowed and slanted palpebral fissures but that the fissures are of normal height. Patients with Down's syndrome also had increased prevalences (compared with control subjects) of blepharitis (23 of 53 patients or 46%), strabismus (23 of 53 patients or 43%), nystagmus (five of 53 patients or 9%), light-colored and spotted irides (46 of 53 patients or 87% and 43 of 53 patients or 81%, respectively), keratoconus (eight of 53 patients or 15%), cataracts (seven of 53 patients or 13%), severe myopia (13 of 48 patients or 27%), and astigmatism of more than 3 diopters (12 of 48 patients or 25%). PMID- 3160243 TI - Adult norms for the Box and Block Test of manual dexterity. AB - The Box and Block Test, a test of manual dexterity, has been used by occupational therapists and others to evaluate physically handicapped individuals. Because the test lacked normative data for adults, the results of the test have been interpreted subjectively. The purpose of this study was to develop normative data for adults. Test subjects were 628 Normal adults (310 males and 318 females) from the seven-county Milwaukee area. Data on males and females 20 to 94 years old were divided into 12 age groups. Means, standard deviations, standard error, and low and high scores are reported for each five-year age group. These data will enable clinicians to objectively compare a patient's score to a normal population parameter. PMID- 3160244 TI - Bovine serum albumin nephritis in rats. V. Kinetic studies of antigen localization in various organs and the phagocytic role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Kinetic studies of antigen distribution to various organs were performed throughout the course of experimental immune complex (IC) glomerulonephritis induced in rats. By using a paired radiolabel technique and histologic observations, the authors found massive amounts of antigen within both the lungs and the livers of these rats before the development of glomerulonephritis. However, the rate of antigen disappearance from the lung exceeded that from the liver. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) handled almost all the antigen administered, presumably in the form of ICs. Electron microscopy yielded little evidence that Kupffer cells or monocytes phagocytosed these ICs. After glomerulonephritis developed, only minimal amounts of antigen were evident in the lungs and livers. These observations indicate that the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) does not participate in the processing of ICs as previously believed, but that PMNs dispose of nearly all the ICs formed in vivo in this model of glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3160246 TI - Persistent stimulation of adenylate cyclase and urea transport by an AVP photolabel. AB - The effects of a photoaffinity label for arginine vasopressin receptors, [Phe2, Phe(p-N3)3]AVP (N3-AVP), on urea permeability and adenylate cyclase activity have been investigated in the toad urinary bladder. This compound, when activated by ultraviolet light, induced a maximal and persistent increase in the urea permeability of the intact bladder and a persistent increase in the adenylate cyclase activity of toad bladder epithelial cell homogenates. Covalent attachment of the analogue to target tissue during photolysis was equivalent at 4 and 20 degrees C. Bladders exposed to N3-AVP in the presence of AVP during photolysis were substantially less permeable to urea than controls that had been exposed to N3-AVP alone. These findings constitute further evidence in support of our previous suggestion that N3-AVP binds covalently to AVP receptors and, in addition, demonstrates that N3-AVP evokes a persistent increase in adenylate cyclase activity which, in turn, triggers a persistent increase in bladder permeability to urea. PMID- 3160245 TI - Membrane attack complex deposition in experimental glomerular injury. AB - The complement (C) system is an important mediator of glomerular injury both through its attraction of inflammatory cells and by a cell-independent effect on glomerular capillary wall permeability. We have postulated that the latter effect may be mediated by the terminal components of the C system, the membrane attack complex (MAC). We examined several models of immunologic renal injury in the rat by immunofluorescence for the presence of neoantigens of the MAC. Rats with experimental membranous nephropathy induced by antibody binding to a fixed glomerular antigen (passive Heymann nephritis, PHN) or a planted antigen (autologous phase of PHN) had moderate proteinuria and 1-2+ capillary wall deposits of IgG, rat C3, and MAC. C depletion with cobra venom factor (CVF) significantly decreased proteinuria and prevented deposition of C3 and MAC. Rats with active Heymann nephritis had similar capillary wall deposits of MAC. Rats with anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis developed severe proteinuria which was not affected by CVF treatment and had no glomerular deposits of MAC. Rats with nonimmunologic proteinuria induced by aminonucleoside of puromycin also had no glomerular deposits of MAC. In rats unilaterally nephrectomized before the induction of PHN segmental glomerular sclerosis developed after 6 months with deposits of MAC in the sclerotic areas. The presence or absence of glomerular deposits of MAC in experimental renal disease correlates well with the pathogenetic role of C in the production of injury. These results support a role for the MAC in the mediation of several types of glomerular injury. PMID- 3160247 TI - Renal apical membrane cholesterol and fluidity in regulation of phosphate transport. AB - Renal proximal tubule cells adapt to dietary phosphate (Pi) restriction by increasing Pi transport independent of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D metabolites, or serum Ca2+. To determine the underlying cellular mechanism(s), brush border (BBM) and basolateral membranes (BLM) were isolated from growing male rats fed a synthetic diet containing variable levels of Pi (0.1-1.4%). Dietary Pi restriction was without effect on either BBM or BLM total lipid phosphorus, individual phospholipid species, or BLM Na+-K+-ATPase specific activity. However, dietary Pi restriction (0.1 vs. 1.0%) did cause a significant reduction in BBM but not BLM cholesterol (0.45 vs. 0.41 mumol/mg protein). Brush border membrane cholesterol was inversely correlated with the tubular reabsorption of Pi (r = 0.77, P less than 0.01) over a broad range (99.9-46.2%). Arrhenius analysis of two intrinsic BBM enzymes revealed a significant reduction in the breakpoint temperature for alkaline phosphatase but no change for Mg2+ ATPase. Fluorescence polarization studies showed increased BBM inner core fluidity due to an alteration in neutral lipids but not phospholipid, fatty acid, or protein membrane components. These data demonstrate that the BBM can regulate its cholesterol content independent of the BLM. Furthermore, they suggest that adaptation to dietary Pi restriction involves a reduction in BBM cholesterol, which may be mediated by an increase in membrane fluidity. PMID- 3160250 TI - Osseous and chondral fixation of polypropylene mesh. AB - Fixation of polypropylene (Marlex) mesh in the epigastrium and at the iliac crest can be ineffective because of insufficient local fascia; however, two techniques have been described to obtain firm and durable attachment of polypropylene grafts at these sites. Perichondral slips at the costal margin permit very satisfactory attachment with excellent long-term results. Stainless steel wire fixation of the mesh to the iliac crest has satisfied the need for osseous fixation in that area. Long-term repair of difficult and recurrent hernias has been described in three patients for whom other tactics for abdominal wall repairs were not available. PMID- 3160248 TI - Atriopeptins: correlation between renal vasodilation and natriuresis. AB - The effect of atrial peptides on renal function was studied in intact anesthetized dogs. A quantitative comparison of bolus intra-arterial injections demonstrated a rank order potency as renal vasodilators and natriuretic/diuretic agents as follows: ser-leu-arg-arg-atriopeptiin III (SLRR-APIII) greater than high molecular weight artrial peptide greater than or equal to atriopeptin (AP)III = APII much greater than API (essentially inactive). A sustained infusion of APIII was employed in order to study the temporal and quantitative correlation of the renal functional changes induced by the atrial peptide. Both intra arterial and intravenous administration of the peptide produced concentration dependent increases in renal blood flow, urine volume, sodium excretion, and osmotic clearance. Infusion of APIII into the renal artery did not alter systemic blood pressure or heart rate. Intravenous infusions of APIII required 10 times higher doses to induce the changes in renal vascular resistance and electrolyte excretion, and a fall in blood pressure and tachycardia resulted. The natriuretic diuretic effect of the atriopeptins appears to be closely associated with renal vasodilation, exhibiting a positive linear correlation between the peptide induced changes in sodium excretion and changes in renal blood flow. PMID- 3160249 TI - Effect of human syncytiotrophoblast extract on in vitro proliferative responses. AB - The authors studied the effects of soluble syncytiotrophoblast extract (STE) on the proliferative responses of lymphocytes to different lectins (PHA and Con A) and to allogeneic cells in one-way mixed lymphocyte cultures. STE suppressed lymphocyte reactivity to lectins and to allogeneic cell cultures. The inhibitory effect was dose dependent. Increased concentrations of lectins failed to overcome the inhibitory effect of STE. Lymphocytes preincubated with STE for 18 hr, then washed and exposed to lectins still exhibited an inhibition of cellular proliferation. STE added to lymphocyte cultures at various times in the presence of both mitogens or of allogeneic cells continued to inhibit lymphoproliferative responses even when it was added after 43 hr of cell culture. Furthermore, STE was able to reduce the spontaneous proliferation of tumor cell lines K562 and LHN13 maintained in vitro culture prior to testing. In all cases, the inhibition observed was not due to lymphocytotoxicity or to tumor cell mortality. The inhibitory effect of STE on the proliferative responses of lymphocytes to stimulants may be due to a cytostatic effect that may represent a contributing factor in the nonrejection of the fetus by a competent immune system. PMID- 3160251 TI - Exigent ileostomy hemorrhage. A complication of proctocolectomy in patients with chronic ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. AB - The Portland experience with patients requiring proctocolectomy for chronic ulcerative colitis in association with primary sclerosing cholangitis has been reported. Nineteen patients had conventional ileostomy reconstruction, 5 of whom had development of stomal varices with recurrent hemorrhage due to cirrhosis and portal hypertension. When this combination of conditions exists, the therapeutic options must be carefully weighed. Perhaps ileal pouch to anal anastomosis should be considered when proctocolectomy becomes mandatory. Ileostomy is presently a contraindication to liver transplantation. In patients with ileostomies, control of hemorrhage by local measures, including ileostomy revisions, proved to be of only temporary value, yet it should be the preferred management of patients with a severely limited life expectancy. Successful shunts directed at portal decompression have always prevented further ileostomy hemorrhage, however, they have commonly accelerated liver failure and thus death. Furthermore, such shunts seriously complicate liver transplantation if it is considered. PMID- 3160252 TI - Differential diagnosis of appendicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease. A prospective analysis. AB - Diagnosis of the cause of lower abdominal pain in women may be difficult because appendicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease often present similarly. In a prospective study of 118 women, we found that several criteria are useful in establishing this differential. These include (1) duration of symptoms, (2) the presence of nausea, vomiting or both, (3) a history of venereal disease, (4) cervical motion tenderness, (5) adnexal tenderness, and (6) isolated peritoneal signs in the right lower quadrant. Although no single finding can define the diagnosis, the history and physical findings reported herein provide a number of criteria which, when taken together, will usually allow a confident diagnosis of either appendicitis or pelvic inflammatory disease to be made. Attention to these items can improve precision in diagnosis and lessen the incidence of unnecessary laparotomy, which carries a well-documented complication rate of 10 to 20 percent. PMID- 3160253 TI - [Surgical treatment of male sterility in patients with agenesis of the ductus deferens]. PMID- 3160255 TI - The influence of age on the onset of anaesthesia with midazolam. AB - There was a considerable individual variation in response to a standard induction dose of 0.3 mg/kg midazolam in unpremedicated patients. This is shown by variations in time to onset of sleep and the fact that about one quarter of subjects did not lose consciousness in 3 minutes. In 166 fit patients a good negative correlation was demonstrated between the age of the patients and time to loss of consciousness. Patients over 50 years differed from younger patients in a greater reliability of effect and significantly shorter induction time. In elderly patients midazolam is a more reliable induction agent than in the young. PMID- 3160254 TI - Cellular immune functions, endorphins, and alcohol consumption in males. AB - The effects of alcohol abuse on cellular immune functions were measured by various levels of alcohol use in adult men. Total lifelong abstainers were used as controls. Previous abusers, current abusers, and patients with alcoholic cirrhosis or pancreatitis were age-matched to controls. T-lymphocyte mitogenesis stimulated by phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A was generally reduced in peripheral blood lymphocytes of current and previous alcohol consumers, although the decrease was not statistically significant. B-cell mitogenesis stimulated by pokeweed mitogen was not changed by previous alcohol consumption. The number of T cells was not changed by either previous or current alcohol abuse. T-helper cells were significantly increased and T-suppressor cells increased only in the patients with alcoholic cirrhosis or pancreatitis. The percentage of T lymphocytes with T-suppressor characteristics in controls was 27% while in alcoholic cirrhosis or pancreatitis subjects it was 16%. Plasma corticosteroid levels were significantly increased in people currently consuming alcohol (12.1 +/- 1.1 mg/dl) compared to controls (7.7 +/- 1.1). The corticosteroid levels were also higher in previous alcohol abusers although not statistically significant. Plasma endorphin levels were increased by severe alcohol abuse in the patients with cirrhosis or pancreatitis to 25.03 +/- 6.74 from 11.85 +/- 2.48 pg/ml in controls. PMID- 3160256 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of fluoropyrimidine nucleosides and fluorouracil in plasma and urine. AB - A gas-liquid chromatographic method employing on-column alkylation and a nitrogen sensitive detector was developed for the analysis of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, 5 fluorouridine, and 5-fluorouracil in plasma and urine. Samples (0.72 ml) containing the fluoropyrimidine and internal standard (5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine for nucleoside analyses and 6-methyluracil for 5-fluorouracil analyses) were prepared for gas-liquid chromatography by sequential cation-exchange and anion exchange column chromatography. Recoveries of fluoropyrimidines were 71-95% over the concentration ranges studied. The dried eluate from the anion-exchange column was dissolved in p-tolyltrimethylammonium hydroxide in methanol before gas-liquid chromatographic analysis. Columns packed with either 3% SP-2100 on Supelcoport or 3% OV-1 on Gas-Chrom Q were suitable for nucleoside analyses; a column packed with 0.75% Carbowax 20M-5% KOH on Chromsorb G was used for 5-fluorouracil analyses. The fluoropyrimidine nucleosides were well separated from each other and from the potentially interfering endogenous compounds 2'-deoxyuridine and uridine; 5-fluorouracil was well separated from uracil. Linear standard curves (peak area ratio method) were obtained for plasma containing 0.025 to 20 micrograms FdUrd (0.1 to 81 microM) or 0.05 to 1.0 microgram FUrd (0.2 to 3.8 microM), and for urine containing 0.2 to 1.0 microgram (0.8 to about 4 microM) of the nucleosides. Standard curves for 5-fluorouracil (1.5 to 7.9 microM) and 2' deoxyuridine (0.9 to 4.4 microM) were also linear. A measurable amount of 5 fluorouracil, equivalent to 4 to 7% of the 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine injected, was formed from the nucleoside on the gas-liquid chromatographic column, requiring correction of 5-fluorouracil concentrations measured in the presence of 5-fluoro 2'-deoxyuridine. PMID- 3160257 TI - Branching enzyme assay: selective quantitation of the alpha 1,6-linked glucosyl residues involved in the branching points. AB - Methods previously described for glycogen or amylopectin branching enzymatic activity are insufficiently sensitive and not quantitative. A new, more sensitive, specific, and quantitative one was developed. It is based upon the quantitation of the glucose residues joined by alpha 1,6 bonds introduced by varying amounts of branching enzyme. The procedure involved the synthesis of a polysaccharide from Glc-1-P and phosphorylase in the presence of the sample to be tested. The branched polysaccharide was then purified and the glucoses involved in the branching points were quantitated after degradation with phosphorylase and debranching enzymes. This method appeared to be useful, not only in enzymatic activity determinations but also in the study of the structure of alpha-D-glucans when combined with those of total polysaccharide quantitation, such as iodine and phenol-sulfuric acid. PMID- 3160258 TI - The human musculus obliquus externus abdominis innervated by ramus muscularis externus of intercostal nerves. AB - Each of the uppermost slips of the bilateral M. obliquus externus abdominis originated from the fifth rib and was innervated from its inner surface by the Ramus muscularis externus of the fifth intercostal nerve, in one corpse. Furthermore, the slip originating from the sixth rib of the right M. obliquus externus abdominis was innervated not only by the lateral cutaneous branches of the sixth and seventh intercostal nerves from its outer surface, but also by the Ramus muscularis externus of the sixth intercostal nerve from its inner surface. The slip originating from the fifth rib was given us an aspect in appearance as if it were the uppermost slip of origin of this muscle, but its true nature is considered to be the M. obliquus abdominis externus profundus from the viewpoint of its innervating nerve and pattern. In addition, the slip originating from the sixth rib is considered to be a substance formed by the dorsal adhesion of the M. obliquus abdominis externus profundus originating from the sixth rib to the slip of the M. obliquus externus abdominis originating from the same rib. PMID- 3160259 TI - The effects of naloxone associated with the intrathecal use of morphine in labor. AB - The efficacy of naloxone in reducing the incidence of side effects after intrathecal injection of morphine and the effects of maternal naloxone administration on the condition of the newborn were evaluated in 40 patients. Patients in labor were given a 1-mg intrathecal injection of morphine and, 1 hr later, either a 0.4-mg bolus of naloxone, followed by a 0.4-0.6 mg/hr intravenous infusion of naloxone, or an intravenous bolus of saline, followed by an intravenous infusion of saline. Intrathecal morphine provided at least 50% pain relief in 78% of patients given naloxone, and in 82% given saline. Intravenous naloxone significantly decreased the incidence of pruritus during labor and delivery. There was no significant decrease in the incidence of nausea, vomiting, somnolence, dizziness, or urinary retention in patients given naloxone. Despite placental transfer of naloxone, neonatal outcome was not adversely affected. For both groups, maternal beta-endorphin levels decreased significantly with the onset of analgesia and returned to control levels at delivery. We conclude that intravenous infusion of naloxone reduced pruritus after intrathecal injection of 1 mg of morphine for labor pain without lessening analgesia or adversely affecting maternal or neonatal status. PMID- 3160261 TI - Effects of halothane and fentanyl anesthesia on plasma beta-endorphin immunoreactivity during cardiac surgery. AB - We studied the effects of halothane anesthesia (n = 6) and fentanyl anesthesia (n = 9; 50-100 micrograms/kg) on plasma beta-endorphin immunoreactivity as a measure of stress response during coronary artery bypass grafting, including cardiopulmonary bypass. Plasma levels of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity measured prior to induction, after induction, after intubation, after skin incision, during cardiopulmonary bypass, and on leaving the operating room were significantly higher in patients given halothane during cardiopulmonary bypass and on leaving the operating room than they were in patients given fentanyl. PMID- 3160260 TI - A multicenter study of the epidemiology of hepatitis B in anesthesia residents. AB - Practicing anesthesiologists are at high risk of hepatitis B infection, but the risk for anesthesia residents has not been assessed. Anesthesia residents at seven universities were surveyed to study the epidemiology of hepatitis B in these trainees. Hepatitis B virus markers in serum were measured and data from questionnaires were used to determine characteristics of anesthetic practice, effectiveness of strategies for hepatitis B virus infection control, and nonvocational hepatitis B risk factors. Of 267 participants, 12.7% (range of the seven centers, 8.7%-22.7%) had serum markers for hepatitis B virus. The seropositivity (17.8%) in anesthesia residents who had completed more than 12 months of nonanesthesia postgraduate clinical training, or who had practiced medicine in another specialty prior to anesthesia, was greater than in the other trainees (9.4%). Based on their risk and the ineffectiveness of current control measures, anesthesia residents who lack hepatitis B virus immunity should be vaccinated prior to or as early as possible in their training. PMID- 3160262 TI - Decreased sensitivity to metocurine in patients with upper motoneuron disease. AB - Responses to the nondepolarizing muscle relaxant, metocurine, were studied in eight hemiplegic and eight unmatched patients with normal motor strength during the general anesthetic given for various neurosurgical operations. Metocurine, 0.3 mg/kg, was administered intravenously, and indirectly evoked thumb twitch tensions were measured on both sides in the hemiplegic patients, and on one side in the normal patients. Arterial blood samples were obtained as twitch tension was recovering, and serum metocurine concentrations were determined using a specific radioimmunoassay. Percentage of paralysis was plotted as a function of log [metocurine] and the data were compared by analysis of covariance. For the normal motor strength patients, r = 0.84; for the unaffected arm of the hemiplegic patients, r = 0.69; and for the affected arm of the hemiplegic patients, r = 0.86, all significant at P less than 0.001. The mean plasma metocurine concentrations at 20, 25, 50, 75, and 80% paralysis were significantly different for all groups (P less than 0.001). The regression lines, in turn, did not overlap and were significantly different, each from the other (P less than 0.005). We were, however, unable to detect any significant deviation from parallelism among the three regression lines. We also measured time to 50% return of single twitch height for each data group as follows (mean +/- SEM: for NMS patients, 242 +/- 73 min; for the unaffected arm of hemiplegic patients, 116 +/- 60 min; and for the affected arm of hemiplegic patients, 59 +/- 36 min. By ANOVA and the Bonferroni test, each value was different from the other at P less than or equal to 0.01.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3160263 TI - Anesthesia for termination of pregnancy: midazolam compared with methohexital. AB - Clinical effects of intermittent intravenous administration of midazolam were compared with those of methohexital in two groups of ten premedicated patients each undergoing suction termination of pregnancy under general anesthesia. Both groups received intravenous fentanyl (1 microgram/kg) 5 min prior to administration of the induction agent. No significant difference was found between the two groups in induction time and quality of anesthesia. The recovery time was significantly (17 min) longer in patients who received midazolam (P less than 0.0001). PMID- 3160264 TI - Induction dose-response curves for midazolam and ketamine in premedicated ASA class III and IV patients. AB - Using probit analysis, dose-response curves for induction of anesthesia with midazolam or ketamine were constructed in ASA class III and IV patients premedicated with morphine, 0.1 mg/kg, and glycopyrrolate, 4 micrograms/kg. For ketamine, ED50 values for abolition of the response to verbal commands, eyelash stimulation, and painful stimulation were 0.9, 1.3, and 1.3 mg/kg, respectively; corresponding ED95 values were 1.6, 2.3, and 4.3 mg/kg, which are within the range of clinically recommended doses. For midazolam, ED50 values for verbal commands, eyelash stimulation, and painful stimulation were 0.19, 0.24, and 0.36 mg/kg, significantly greater than those previously reported for unpremedicated ASA class I and II patients. The corresponding ED95 values, 0.35, 0.43, and 1.04 mg/kg exceed previously reported values and are appreciably greater than the doses used in most previous studies of midazolam induction. Midazolam decreased systolic blood pressure slightly but significantly (from 138 +/- 4 to 128 +/- 4 mm Hg, mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.005), while diastolic blood pressure and heart rate remained unchanged. In contrast, ketamine increased systolic blood pressure (from 141 +/- 4 to 164 +/- 5 mm Hg, P less than 0.005), diastolic blood pressure (from 71 +/- 3 to 88 +/- 4 mm Hg, P less than 0.005), and heart rate (from 84 +/- 2 to 102 +/- 4 beats/min, P less than 0.005). On the basis of these data, we conclude that in ASA class III and IV patients, midazolam induction allows for hemodynamic stability and avoids the significant tachycardia and hypertension associated with equipotent doses of ketamine. PMID- 3160266 TI - Evaluation of HealthScan Assess peak flow meters. AB - Comparison between peak expiratory flow rates obtained using a standard Wright Peak Flow Meter and a HealthScan Assess peak flow meter disclosed a highly significant correlation. Comparison of six Assess peak flow meters showed highly significant correlations despite some lack of consistency with some units. PMID- 3160265 TI - Neuromuscular effects of atracurium during halothane-nitrous oxide and enflurane nitrous oxide anesthesia in humans. AB - To compare the effect of halothane and enflurane on an atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade, the authors studied 40 patients during elective surgery. During 1.25 MAC enflurane-nitrous oxide (n = 20) or halothane-nitrous oxide (n = 20) (MAC value includes contribution from 60% nitrous oxide), the doses depressing twitch tension 50% (ED50S) for atracurium were 70 and 77 micrograms/kg, respectively. The difference was not significant. Time from injection to peak effect did not differ between groups. However, the duration of action of atracurium (expressed as duration 50 or the duration of a 50% blockade) was longer during enflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia (34.2 min) than during halothane-nitrous oxide anesthesia (25.5 min) (P less than 0.05). The authors conclude that the potency of atracurium does not differ during halothane-nitrous oxide and enflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia. Combining the results of this study with a previous study (atracurium ED50 = 68 micrograms/kg and 83 micrograms/kg during isoflurane-nitrous oxide and fentanyl-nitrous oxide anesthesia respectively), the potency of atracurium does not differ by more than 20% among the four anesthetic techniques studied. The background anesthetic appears to have less effect on an atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade than on one produced by other longer-acting nondepolarizing muscle relaxants (e.g., pancuronium and d tubocurarine). PMID- 3160267 TI - Modulation of T-cell subsets in asthmatic children by THF, a thymic hormone. AB - Induction of theophylline-sensitive T-suppressor cells with THF, a thymic hormone, resulted in elevation of the low levels of these lymphocytes in non treated asthmatic children. Evaluation, however, by monoclonal OKT8 antibodies did not show changes in the levels of the OKT8+ cells after THF incubation. In the treated asthmatic children, normal levels of theophylline-sensitive T suppressor cells as well as OKT8+ cells were found. These normal levels were not changed with THF after in vitro incubation. PMID- 3160268 TI - [Acute fatal hepatorenal failure during treatment with mithramycin]. AB - A case of fatal hepato-renal failure occurring during mithramycin treatment is reported. A 64 year-old female patient was admitted to hospital in a state of acute renal failure. She also presented with hypercalcaemia and bilateral pulmonary metastases. She had been operated on 10 years previously of a parathyroid cancer. Despite treatment with mithramycin (total dose 8.25 mg) and haemodialysis, the hypercalcaemia returned; it was then decided to remove the secretory lung metastases (parathormone 420 micrograms X ml-1). 48 hours before surgery, the patient was again given 1.25 mg mithramycin. Immediately after surgery, she developed hepatic failure with massive cell destruction and anuria. The patient died 48 h after the operation. The hepatic and renal complications of mithramycin are discussed. PMID- 3160269 TI - Syndrome of the rectus abdominis muscle mimicking the acute abdomen. AB - The syndrome of the rectus abdominis muscle is a disorder of unknown etiology that produces rupture or tear of the epigastric artery, and stretches the rectus cutaneous medialis nerve, producing excruciating pain. The disorder is misdiagnosed in 60% to 93% of cases. We report two cases that presented as acute abdomen. One helpful diagnostic test was the lidocaine test, accomplished by subcutaneous injection of lidocaine into the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle near the rectus cutaneous medialis nerve; the procedure provided immediate pain relief and the patients remained asymptomatic. In addition to helping establish a diagnosis quickly the lidocaine test may spare the patient the unnecessary morbidity or mortality of more invasive procedures. PMID- 3160270 TI - Laparoscopic sterilization of the bitch and queen by uterine horn occlusion. AB - Laparoscopic sterilization techniques, originally developed for use in women, were evaluated in the bitch and queen. In the first study (study I), the uterine horns of 6 bitches and 3 queens were occluded by electrocoagulation or plastic clips. The sites of occlusion were midway along the length of 1 cornus and at the uterotubal junction on the contralateral side. Both procedures effectively occluded the uterine horns, as evidenced by a distinctly visible separation of the reproductive tract. Laparoscopic examination 1 year after surgery revealed an enlarged, thin-walled, and fluid-filled uterine segment cranial to the midcornus occlusion sites in all animals. The contralateral horn was normal in appearance, except for the separation from the ovarian bursa. Three of the bitches developed pyometra (confined to the distended uterine segment) at 24 months, at 53 months, and at 72 months after sterilization, respectively. In a subsequent study (study II), 1 adult and 5 prepubertal bitches were sterilized by laparoscopic electrocoagulation of both uterine horns at the uterotubal junction adjacent to the ovarian bursa. Upon reexamination 1, 2, and 4 years later, the uterine horns of these females were normal in appearance, but were separated from the adjacent ovarian bursae. These females continued to be clinically healthy. Laparoscopic sterilization offers a rapid and safe alternative to ovariohysterectomy and, because of its minor invasive nature, can be performed on young, prepubertal animals. Such a procedure may have particular value as a simple, practical means of sterilizing dogs and cats on a mass basis. PMID- 3160271 TI - Lungworms (Dictyocaulus arnfieldi): prevalence in live equids in Kentucky. AB - Prevalence of natural infections of the lungworm, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi, was investigated in Kentucky in 5,437 live equids (horses, ponies, and asses) on 91 farms by examination of fecal samples over a 15-month-period from January 28, 1983 to April 19, 1984. For the 91 farms investigated, asses only were examined on 1 farm; for the other 90 farms, examinations were made of horses on all of them, of ponies on 4 farms, and of asses on 9 farms. Larvae of D arnfieldi were found in fecal samples of 112 (2%) of 5,379 horses on the 90 farms of which 38% had greater than or equal to 1 infected animal; none of 19 ponies examined was infected. For 39 asses (donkeys and mules) examined, 21 (54%) were infected; infected asses were present on 80% of the 10 farms on which they were examined. The equids, excluding asses, that were examined and the percentage (in parentheses) infected with D arnfieldi included 4,329 (2%) Thoroughbreds, 684 (2%) Standardbreds, 78 (0%) American Saddle Horses, and 307 (3%) miscellaneous (other breeds or mixed breeds of horses and ponies). Equids were separated into 3 categories relative to previous treatment with ivermectin: A (no treatment), B (treatment), and C (treatment unknown).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3160272 TI - Rebound hyperresponsiveness to muscarinic stimulation after chronic therapy with an inhaled muscarinic antagonist. AB - In 9 young subjects with mild asthma, we investigated the possibility that chronic daily administration of an inhaled muscarinic antagonist (ipratropium bromide) might increase the response of muscarinic receptors in airway smooth muscle to agonist stimulation caused by receptor upregulation. Subjects inhaled 60 micrograms of ipratropium 4 times daily for 3 wk. Methacholine bronchoprovocation (with or without acute pretreatment with ipratropium) was performed before (control period) and during 3 wk of daily ipratropium therapy (medication period). At the end of the medication period, subjects returned at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after the last dose of ipratropium (withdrawal period) to determine the provocative concentration of methacholine producing a 20% decrease in FEV1 (PC20). During the medication period, there was no significant diminution of the acute bronchodilator response to ipratropium or of the protective effect of ipratropium against methacholine-induced bronchospasm when compared with the control period. During the withdrawal period, mean in PC20 was significantly less (increased airway responsiveness) at 24 h than during the control period (p less than 0.01) and returned to the control period value within 48 to 72 h. We conclude that daily administration of ipratropium to mildly asthmatic subjects for 3 wk does not produce tolerance to either the bronchodilator effect of ipratropium or to its inhibition of methacholine-induced bronchospasm but does induce transient supersensitivity of airway cholinergic receptors to muscarinic stimulation. PMID- 3160273 TI - The effect of anticholinergic treatment on postexertional wheezing in asthma studied by phonopneumography and spirometry. AB - Postexertional wheezing is an important clinical sign of nonspecific airway hyperreactivity. We have studied wheezing after exercise in 6 asthmatic subjects, 13 to 20 yr of age, using spectral analysis of recorded tracheal sounds. Automated spectral characterization was used to measure wheezing as a proportion of respiratory time. Anticholinergic treatment with ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) was compared with placebo to investigate effects on postexertional wheezing, and pulmonary function was compared with the result of respiratory sound analysis. Atrovent did not abolish exercise-induced bronchospasm but improved preexercise lung function and thereby caused a parallel upward shift in the response curves. Wheezing after Atrovent was significantly less, later in onset, and mainly expiratory at 20 min after exercise. Wheezing as a percentage of total respiratory time correlated well with FEV1, Vmax50, and SGaw. Analysis of respiratory sounds and automated quantification of wheezing may be a useful complementary test of bronchial obstruction in asthma. PMID- 3160274 TI - Isolated antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen and response to hepatitis B vaccination. AB - To determine the need for immunization of health workers with antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) as their only serologic marker of previous hepatitis B exposure, we studied the level, persistence, and immunologic specificity of isolated anti-HBs in 46 persons identified during screening for hepatitis B vaccine. We rescreened these persons 1 year later, administered a single dose of hepatitis B vaccine, and determined the anti-HBs level at 1, 2, and 8 weeks after vaccination. Isolated anti-HBs levels were low and antibody did not persist; 22 subjects tested had lost detectable anti-HBs within 19 months even though immunologic specificity was shown in vitro in 34. Anamnestic responses suggesting previous exposure and immunity were seen in only 10 subjects; 5 of these subjects had moderate-level, persistent anti-HBs. Although some persons with naturally acquired, isolated anti-HBs may be protected from hepatitis B, the immunologic specificity and protective value of anti-HBs, especially when levels are low, remain questionable. PMID- 3160276 TI - Cancer chemotherapy and skin changes. PMID- 3160275 TI - Lumbar spinal stenosis. Clinical features, diagnostic procedures, and results of surgical treatment in 68 patients. AB - Our experience with 68 patients with strictly defined, myelographically proven, surgically confirmed lumbar spinal stenosis seen over a 30-month period was reviewed. Pseudoclaudication was the commonest symptom (94%) and was described by patients as pain (93%), numbness (63%), or weakness (43%). Symptoms were frequently bilateral (68%) and generally relieved by flexing the lumbosacral spine. Neurologic abnormalities were found in a minority of patients and were usually mild. Electromyography showed one or more lumbosacral radiculopathies in 34 of 37 patients examined. Radiographic evidence of degenerative disk or joint disease was found in 63 patients. All patients had stenosis on myelography, with narrowing at L2, L3, and L4 being the commonest; 30% had multi-level stenosis. Two of ten computed tomograms were normal. Surgery was extensive; 72% of patients had three or more laminae removed. At a mean of 4 years after surgery, 84% of patients reported that surgery had yielded good to excellent results. PMID- 3160277 TI - Laparoscopy for oocyte recovery. PMID- 3160279 TI - The luteal phase after hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization. AB - Of 500 cycles in which in vitro fertilization (IVF) was undertaken, laparoscopy was performed 372 times, 272 embryo transfers were carried out, and 55 pregnancies resulted, 30 of which resulted in delivery. Of those patients who underwent laparoscopy, 156 received clomiphene citrate alone, 203 clomiphene citrate and hMG, and 13 hMG alone. All patients were found to have a luteal-phase length of 10 days or greater (measured from the time of ovulation). The midluteal urinary total estrogen (UTE) value and pregnanediol excretion (Pd2) far exceeded the levels seen in normal cycles. There were no significant differences between conceptual and nonconceptual cycles and the high levels encountered would be expected after deliberate hyperstimulation. Fifty-five patients (in whom 11 pregnancies resulted) were monitored every other day throughout the luteal phase after embryo transfer. Both conceptual and nonceptual cycles showed a peak in pregnanediol glucuronide level around luteal day 6, which then fell. The level rose again if the corpus luteum was "rescued" by the implanting embryo. While the difference was not statistically significant, the estradiol levels appeared to decrease earlier in the nonconceptual cycles than in the continuing pregnancy cycles. It is important to note that the pattern of steroid production in the follicular phase was similar in both conceptual and nonconceptual cycles. While these data are not conclusive, they suggest that some nonconceptual cycles may have suffered early corpus luteal regression. Whether luteal-phase support is indicated in patients treated with clomiphene or clomiphene/hMG therapy cannot be determined from this study. However, it is thought that a controlled study of luteal-phase support in patients so stimulated is warranted. It appears that patients treated with hMG alone tend to undergo a compressed cycle and should be given luteal-phase support since other studies have reported shortened luteal phases following such hMG therapy. PMID- 3160280 TI - Chromosome analysis of human oocytes and embryos fertilized in vitro. PMID- 3160278 TI - The management of oligospermic infertility by in vitro fertilization. AB - The fertilization rates of mature preovulatory oocytes aspirated from 156 women treated by in vitro fertilization were analyzed as a function of spermatozoal density and motility and the findings were correlated with the category of infertility (chronic oligospermia, tubal disease, endometriosis, serum antibodies to spermatozoa in the female, and unexplained infertility). Overall reduced fertilization rates were found in all cases if the semen sample presented on the day of fertilization demonstrated less than or equal to 5 million motile spermatozoa per milliliter, less than 40% motile forms, or the combined findings of less than 20 million per ml and less than or equal to 60% motile forms. Where the husband was known to have chronic oligospermia, reduced fertilization was found if the semen on the day of fertilization contained less than 20 million spermatozoa per ml and less than 12 million motile spermatozoa per milliliter. For cases of unexplained infertility, a poor fertilization rate was noted if the semen demonstrated less than 60% progressively motile forms regardless of the overall spermatozoal density, implying that a proportion of unexplained infertility is due to a disorder of spermatozoa reflected by reduced motility. Pregnancies were achieved in 5 of 26 cases with chronic oligospermia, including 2 where oligospermia was very pronounced (less than or equal to 5 million motile spermatozoa per milliliter). PMID- 3160281 TI - Patient selection for in vitro fertilization: physical and psychological aspects. AB - The impact of maternal age, previous childbearing, and the type of underlying pathology on the success rate of an IVF program is explored. There is no difference in the pregnancy rate or in the abortion rate with increasing maternal age, and a similar result is seen in relation to previous childbearing. A reduced fertilization rate is seen in couples classified as having unexplained infertility, dyspermia, and male immobilizing sperm antibodies. The pregnancy rates in the first two groups are satisfactory once fertilization has occurred, but there have been no ongoing pregnancies if there are circulating sperm immobilizing antibodies present in either the male or the female. The psychological problems facing the infertile patient are discussed with special reference to in vitro fertilization. PMID- 3160282 TI - Human cerebral metabolism: studies in normal subjects and patients with dementia and amnesia. PMID- 3160284 TI - Molecular structure of the number 21 chromosome and Down syndrome. PMID- 3160283 TI - The functional organization of the basal forebrain cholinergic system in primates and the role of this system in Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3160285 TI - Nucleolus organizing genes on chromosome 21: recombination and nondisjunction. PMID- 3160286 TI - Molecular structure and expression of the gene locus on chromosome 21 encoding the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and its relevance to Down syndrome. PMID- 3160287 TI - Mouse trisomy 16: an animal model of human trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). PMID- 3160288 TI - Comparative gene mapping of human chromosome 21 and mouse chromosome 16. PMID- 3160289 TI - Genetics of congenital heart malformations: a stochastic model. AB - A stochastic model is proposed to explain how alterations in the properties of developing endocardial cells could control the outgrowth of endocardial cushions in normal persons, in subjects from families with a predisposition to congenital heart defects, and in subjects with trisomy 21. Normal and abnormal outgrowth of the endocardial cushions of the atrioventricular (AV) canal were modeled by computer simulations. Computer simulations depicted not only the sequence of normal AV valve development, but also illustrated how increased cellular adhesiveness of fibroblasts from the endocardial cushions of the AV canal--which we have observed in vitro among cultured cells from Down syndrome abortuses--may result in AV canal defects. The stochastic model so elaborated demonstrates how single gene changes may result in abnormalities in only a proportion of subjects carrying mutant alleles, yielding inheritance patterns characterized previously as being "multifactorial" in origin. PMID- 3160290 TI - A possible unitary genetic hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. PMID- 3160291 TI - Relating molecular specificity to normal and abnormal brain development. PMID- 3160292 TI - Ring chromosome 21: characterization of DNA sequences at sites of breakage and reunion. AB - We have presented studies of an unusual child with an r21 chromosome who lacks the phenotype of Down syndrome. We have sequenced the region of the breakpoint in the normal DNA fragment and have isolated the abnormal breakpoint fragment as a 7.5-kb EcoRI fragment. We have preliminary evidence localizing the breakpoint to a few hundred base pairs of 21q DNA. Since the child lacks the classical phenotype of Down syndrome, further studies of the DNA distal to the breakpoint on the long arm of chromosome 21 may help us to elucidate "genes" important to the phenotype of Down syndrome. PMID- 3160293 TI - Localization of chromosome 21 probes by in situ hybridization. PMID- 3160294 TI - Molecular quantitation of aneuploid conditions using chromosome 21 as a model. PMID- 3160295 TI - Results of a preliminary clinical trial on a multiple channel cochlear prosthesis. AB - Speech discrimination testing was carried out under clinical trial conditions for eight profoundly postlingually deaf adults to assess the efficacy of a newly developed 22-channel cochlear prosthesis and speech processor. Three months postoperatively, these patients showed significantly better results with the cochlear prosthesis than for preoperative testing with a conventional hearing aid or vibrotactile aid (following a 6-month trial with the aid) on each of a series of tests from the Minimal Auditory Capabilities battery. Assessment of lipreading enhancement using standard speech tests, consonant recognition studies, and speech tracking showed significant improvements for each patient when using the cochlear prosthesis. Six patients showed a significant amount of open set speech discrimination without lipreading at levels which have not been reported for single electrode cochlear prostheses. The two patients who performed poorly on these tests both had restricted multiple channel systems due to their disease, one patient being restricted to virtually a single channel system and the other to only ten of the 22 electrodes. These results indicate that this multiple channel cochlear prosthesis has potential as a treatment for profound postlingual deafness over a wide range of etiologies and ages. PMID- 3160296 TI - [Cardiomyopathy in children of diabetic mothers. Fetal hyperinsulinism and cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3160297 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of iliac arteries. PMID- 3160298 TI - Acquired arterio-venous fistulas. Report of 223 operated cases. AB - More than 200 years ago William Hunter described the first arteriovenous fistula (a.v.). Fragments of low velocity are the most frequent cause for a combined vascular trauma. However, a.v. fistulas may also develop after a skull fracture, after surgical interventions (lumbar disc operation, suture ligation for the removal of an organ like the kidney, the spleen and others). Three circulatory disorders may follow an a.v. fistula. Local signs at the location of trauma (machinery murmur, varicose veins). Cardiac dilatation due to the increase of heart volume. Degenerative changes and aneurysm formation in the artery above the fistula. Late complications may arise in the dilated central segment of the artery (aneurysm or thrombosis). The etiology of 223 traumatic a.v. fistulas (1939-1973) were in the majority (82%) of patients caused by war time injuries. Fractures and stab wounds were also common causes of a.v. fistulas. The location of a.v. fistulas was in about 50% in the lower extremities and only in 3% in the trunk. As to therapy - in contrast to the older quadruple ligature - the separation method should be the method of choice. The repair in arterio-venous fistulas should be done as early as possible. The operative cure rate in our series was 96%. PMID- 3160299 TI - Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on the growth of mouse transplanted tumors: relation with hormone sensitivity. AB - The effect of high and low doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) was investigated on three transplanted murine tumors (MXT mammary carcinoma, colon 38, and colon 26) in relation to receptor status and sensitivity of the tumors to ovariectomy and treatment with dexamethasone. MPA had no inhibitory activity on the growth of these tumors. It had no effect on the ovarian-sensitive MXT tumor; it significantly enhanced the growth of an MXT tumor line, selected through serial transplantations, which was stimulated also in ovariectomized animals. MPA, as well as ovariectomy, stimulated the growth of the colon 38 tumor, but this hormone sensitivity was lost during serial transplantations. No correlation was found between the effects of MPA and ovariectomy and the steroid receptor status of these tumors. MPA effects on these tumors do not seem contingent upon a glucocorticoid-like action since dexamethasone was highly effective on all the tested tumors. The combined treatment of the colon 26 tumor with a cytotoxic drug, 4'-deoxydoxorubicin, and MPA, which administered alone stimulated tumor growth and increased life span, caused a slight increase in the life span compared to single agents alone. PMID- 3160300 TI - [Tetracycline sorption by alveolar macrophages of rabbits at early stages of interaction]. AB - Interaction of rabbit alveolar macrophages with morphocycline, tetracycline and methacycline was studied. The use of the membrane microfiltration technique in investigation of the antibiotic absorption by the macrophages provided description of the time course of the drug interaction with the cells at its early stages. It was shown that the macrophages mainly absorbed the tetracyclines within the first 20 seconds (1 minute incubation). Later, within the period of 1 5 minutes no significant time course was observed. The medium temperature within 4-37 degrees C and the number of the cells in the system (0.1-5 minutes no significant time course was observed. The medium temperature within 4-37 degrees C and the number of the cells in the system (0.5-1 million/ml) had no effect on the parameters of the tetracyclines sorption by the macrophages. The percentage of the decrease of the morphocycline level in the extracellular medium was stable at the drug concentration in the cells ranging within 10-50 micrograms/ml. The respective figures for tetracycline and methacycline were 10-100 and 10-5000 micrograms/ml. Further increasing of the concentration of the antibiotics in the incubation medium resulted in a significant lowering of the percentage of their binding. It was suggested that absorption of the tetracyclines by the cells was associated with their intracellular binding. PMID- 3160301 TI - Activity of ciprofloxacin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Ciprofloxacin, a carboxy quinolone antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity, was tested against 54 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The ciprofloxacin MICs for 50 and 90% of the isolates were 0.25 and 0.5 micrograms/ml, respectively, and its MBC for 90% of the isolates was 1.0 microgram/ml. Killing kinetic studies were conducted in vitro with ciprofloxacin and vancomycin individually and in combination. The results of these studies showed that ciprofloxacin at 2 micrograms/ml and vancomycin at 10 micrograms/ml decreased the number of organisms by approximately 1.5 log10 after 6 h. The combination of ciprofloxacin plus vancomycin did not alter the rate of killing over that achieved by ciprofloxacin alone. The in vitro killing of resistant staphylococci was rapid, and the potential use of ciprofloxacin for infections caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus should be further explored. PMID- 3160303 TI - Increasing independent mobility skills for a woman who was severely handicapped and nonambulatory. AB - In this study, a woman who was nonambulatory and severely handicapped was taught to get out of her wheelchair and cruise around a table. She was provided with instructional feedback, repeated practice, and appropriate social reinforcement to acquire the cruising skill. Repeated practice was provided when she was unable to perform the behavior independently. Data were collected on the following behavior clusters: Look (look forward, hold on to the chair, and slide forward); Put (put your feet down, stand up, and put your hands down); and Move (move your feet, move your hands, repeat, and sit down). The results of the multiple baseline/withdrawal design indicated that instructional feedback, repeated practice, and appropriate social reinforcement were sufficient to teach the cruising skill. Future research was suggested in instructional feedback, repeated practice, and appropriate social reinforcement. PMID- 3160302 TI - Nucleoside pools of acyclovir-treated herpes simplex type 1 infected cells. AB - Nucleoside pools of herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1)-infected and uninfected African green monkey kidney (GMK) cells and human fetal lung fibroblasts (HL) have been analysed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The only nucleosides found in measurable amounts were deoxythymidine (dThd) and adenosine (Ado). The dThd pool seemed to be greater in GMK cells than in HL cells. dThd was also the only nucleoside excreted into the medium. HSV-1 infection reduced the dThd concentration of GMK cells. Addition of acyclovir (ACV) to HSV-1-infected GMK cells inhibited virus replication. This resulted in a dThd concentration similar to that of uninfected GMK cells. dThd added to HSV-1-infected GMK and HL cells reduced the antiviral action of ACV but not that of phosphonoformic acid (PFA). ACV is known to be activated mainly by HSV-induced deoxythymidine kinase (dTK), an enzyme which utilizes dThd as a substrate, while the action of PFA is independent of dTK. The low antiviral activity of ACV in GMK cells as compared to HL cells may be explained by the presence of high amounts of dThd in GMK cells. PMID- 3160304 TI - Barbadian children's understanding of mental retardation. AB - Barbadian children's understanding of the nature and causes of mental retardation, and of the characteristics of mentally retarded children, was investigated using a questionnaire previously employed in the United States by Siperstein and Bak (1980). Subjects were 199 10 to 11-year-olds from four elementary schools in Barbados. Results indicated that many Barbadian children, like their American counterparts, confused retardation with orthopedic disabilities and, to a lesser extent, mental illness. A higher proportion of Barbadian children than of American children thought mental retardation was caused by post-natal factors such as childhood accidents, illnesses, parental maltreatment, and drug-taking. Equal proportions of boys and girls mentioned causes associated with the pregnant mother, although girls identified a greater variety of such factors. Pupils generally demonstrated a fairly high degree of empathy with the needs and feelings of mentally retarded peers, and recent public awareness campaigns appear to have had a definite impact upon results. PMID- 3160305 TI - Biosocial theory of psychopathology: a three by three factor model. AB - An effort has been made in this paper to describe a broad based theoretical scheme for understanding emotional disorders in mentally retarded individuals. Incorporating research from a broad group of professionals and researchers is stressed, and some efforts to point out where additional research can further clarify the postulates noted here were made. Although the emphasis has been on the mentally retarded, it is likely that the implications of this view of psychopathology have credence for other populations as well. It cannot be stressed enough that those who propose theoretical models should also be willing to conduct many experimental studies as a means of supporting or refuting claims, and as a means of further clarifying theories that have been proposed. Efforts of this sort have rarely been the case and may be due to the long term dedication and hard work required. The work of Ellis, and Zeamon and House, who have conducted research on memory and learning strategies, are two of the welcome but rare exceptions to this criticism in the general literature. Similarly, Zigler and Menolasceno's efforts provide fine examples of how theoretical models might be empirically validated. The hypotheses in this theory have been made in a loosely constructed descriptive fashion to take into account a broad array of research, and to allow for later modifications based on the findings that emerge from studies on the topic. It is stressed that a link must be drawn between etiology, assessment, and treatment, if a model with maximum practical benefit is to emerge. This situation can only happen when information and developments from various disciplines and empirically supported theoretical views are synthesized. PMID- 3160306 TI - Measurement of myosin adenosinetriphosphatase and myosin content in cultured heart cells. AB - An assay specific for myosin ATPase in whole-cell extracts of cultured heart cells has been developed. Myosin ATPase is measured by the production of Pi from ATP in the presence of high ionic strength (0.5 M KCl) at pH 9.1. Enzyme activity is maximal with 10 mM CaCl2 and completely inhibited with 5 mM MgCl2. Spontaneously beating myocytes grown in the presence of 10% newborn calf serum and 0.1 mM 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine show a significant rise in myosin ATPase between Days 1 and 4 in culture. The measurement of myosin ATPase allows for the quantitation of cellular myosin content, and can be used to assess changes in myosin content that occur during growth, development, and cellular repair. PMID- 3160307 TI - Effects of solute multivalency in quantitative affinity chromatography: evidence for cooperative binding of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase to blue Sepharose. AB - In an affinity chromatographic study designed to examine the validity of considering successive interactions between an affinity matrix and a multivalent partitioning solute to be governed by a single intrinsic binding constant, a recycling partition equilibrium procedure has been used to investigate the interaction of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase with Blue Sepharose in imidazole chloride buffer, pH 7.5, I = 0.154. A value of 6000 M-1 has been obtained for the initial binding of this bivalent enzyme to matrix, an interaction which leads to a three- to fourfold enhancement of the subsequent interaction of that molecule with Blue Sepharose. Although this evidence of positive cooperativity in the enzyme-matrix interaction points to a deficiency in quantitative affinity chromatography theory based on equivalence and independence of these interactions [L. W. Nichol, L. D. Ward, and D. J. Winzor (1981) Biochemistry 20, 4856-4860], it is shown that such treatment leads to a much better description of the experimental situation than that provided by an alternative analysis based on cooperativity of enzyme-matrix interactions to the extent that only a single enzyme-matrix complex exists [P. Kyprianou and R. J. Yon (1982) Biochem. J. 207, 549-556]. Moreover, since the characterization of solute-ligand interactions by affinity chromatography is shown to be not unduly dependent upon mechanistic correctness of the thermodynamic model used for the solute-matrix interaction, the technique continues to have great potential for quantitative studies of ligand binding. PMID- 3160309 TI - Actinic reticuloid simulating Sezary syndrome. Report of two cases. AB - A report is given on two male patients who showed all the main characteristics of Sezary syndrome (SS). When phototested, however, they proved to be extremely photosensitive, which suggested a diagnosis of actinic reticuloid (AR). This was supported by the predominance in blood and skin specimens of lymphoid cells with a suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype, the absence of clonal cell proliferation and a benign clinical course. Differential diagnostic problems of SS and erythrodermic AR are discussed. PMID- 3160308 TI - Raynaud's disease. AB - We report five children who presented with Raynaud's disease in whom we could find no clinical, haematological, or immunological evidence of a collagen disorder. Oral phenoxybenzamine proved useful for maintenance treatment in most, with infusions of prostacyclin, nitroprusside, and ketanserin during acute attacks. PMID- 3160310 TI - Estrone- and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfatase activities in human female epidermis. AB - Estrone (E1)-sulfatase and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-sulfatase activities were studied in human female epidermis. Skin specimens were obtained by abdominal or plantar biopsies. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constants for E1 and DHEA sulfatases were 35.2 microM and 8.7 microM, respectively. A substrate inhibition was only observed for DHEA sulfatase. Both sulfatases had an elevated temperature optimum (65 degrees C). The effect of inorganic salts was also tested. In normal epidermis, E1-sulfatase activity was constantly higher than DHEA-sulfatase activity, but no correlation between these activities was observed. On the other hand, E1- and DHEA-sulfatase activities were lower in plantar than in abdominal epidermis. In plantar epidermis of palmoplantar keratoderma, large variations in E1-sulfatase activity, but no significant variation in DHEA-sulfatase activity, were observed. In human epidermis, the findings were consistent with the existence of two different sulfatases: E1 sulfatase and DHEA sulfatase. It would also appear that sulfatase activities are not linked to the abnormal shedding of plantar stratum corneum in palmoplantar keratoderma. PMID- 3160311 TI - Isolation of an acidic polysaccharide antigen from Propionibacterium acnes. AB - An acidic polysaccharide antigen is released from Propionibacterium acnes I and II during growth. The molecular weight of the antigen was heterogeneous and when fractionated on a Sepharose CL-6B column, the antigen was detected at Kav values of between 0.1 and 1.0. The pI of the antigen was below 3.5. Rabbit antiserum raised against purified acidic-polysaccharide agglutinated P. acnes showing that the polysaccharide was a surface antigen. Human antibodies towards whole P. acnes II organisms were quantitated by an agglutination technique, and antibodies towards purified acidic polysaccharide were quantitated by single radial immunodiffusion. A high prevalence of antibodies against whole bacteria and the acidic polysaccharide was found in sera from healthy individuals. The antibody titre in sera from acne patients was significantly higher than that in sera from blood donors. PMID- 3160313 TI - Sclerosing cholangitis after continuous hepatic artery infusion of FUDR. AB - Eight of 46 (17.4%) patients treated in our trial of continuous hepatic artery infusion (CHAI) of fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR) by Infusaid pump developed biliary strictures. The lesions were clinically, radiographically, and pathologically identical to the idiopathic sclerosing cholangitis frequently seen in association with inflammatory bowel disease. Treatment included immediate cessation of intraarterial FUDR, and surgical or percutaneous drainage of the biliary tree if it was dilated. Two of the eight patients died of the complication. Three patients stabilized after biliary system drainage, and two patients improved on observation only. The pathogenesis of this complication is not understood. This report details the clinical and pathological features of this entity. PMID- 3160314 TI - Emergency surgery after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: he who calls the tune may have to pay the piper. PMID- 3160315 TI - PTFE grafts and Doppler signals. PMID- 3160312 TI - Prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis in males and females in a young middle-aged population of Tromso, northern Norway. AB - In an epidemiological survey in Tromso, northern Norway a prevalence of definite ankylosing spondylitis (AS) of between 1.1% and 1.4% was found (males: 1.9-2.2% and females: 0.3-0.6%). The ratio of male to female was between 3.9 and 6.1 in favour of the male sex. It was calculated that 6.7% of the B27 positive individuals had AS, and that 22.5% of the B27 positive subjects with back pain or stiffness suffered from AS. PMID- 3160316 TI - Clinical experience with atrial inversion using a Gore-Tex baffle in 52 cases of transposition of the great arteries. AB - Atrial inversion was achieved by a modified Mustard operation in 334 patients with various types of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) between January, 1974, and January, 1983, in Hannover, West Germany. The overall mortality was 4.2% (N = 14). Between March, 1978, and January, 1983, 197 of the patients were operated on using a new design of a Gore-Tex prosthetic baffle. In February, 1982, a new step was integrated into our modification of the Mustard operation. It consisted of creating a pericardial flap that serves to enlarge the pulmonary venous atrium. This article describes the modified Mustard operations with Gore Tex baffle used in 52 children with TGA between October, 1981, and January, 1983. Special attention is focused on operative techniques and on postoperative dysrhythmias and hemodynamics. PMID- 3160317 TI - Aortocoronary bypass following unsuccessful PTCA: experience in 100 consecutive patients. AB - This study reviews the experience in a community hospital with aortocoronary bypass in 100 consecutive patients following failed percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in terms of timing of intervention, morbidity, and mortality. Patients undergoing operation within 24 hours of PTCA are defined as the urgent group (68%) and those with intervention at greater than 24 hours, the elective group (32%). Mean interval from PTCA to operation was 43.5 days; among patients with apparently initially successful PTCA and hospital discharge, mean interval to operation was 138 days. Complete revascularization was carried out in all patients using standard techniques. Although the difference was not statistically significant, patients in the urgent group required intraaortic balloon pump support and inotropic infusions more often and experienced greater postoperative blood loss. Significant increases in the use of lidocaine and blood products were noted in the urgent group. The rates of major complications were 54.4% in the urgent group and 18.8% in the elective group. Mortality was 4.4% in the urgent group and 3.1% in the elective group (not significant); all deaths were cardiac related. There were no late deaths among survivors followed for 3 months to 4 years; 86% were in Functional Class I. We conclude that PTCA is a reasonable approach for some patients with ischemic heart disease. However, mandatory urgent aortocoronary bypass in these patients carries an increased morbidity and mortality, and patients should be selected with care. PMID- 3160318 TI - Diuretics, hypokalemia, and ventricular ectopy. The controversy continues. PMID- 3160319 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty in pulmonary stenosis. Apropos of 24 cases]. AB - Twenty-four patients with moderate or severe valvular pulmonary stenosis were treated by percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty (PTV). The age of the patients ranged from 24 hours to 27 years. Eighteen patients (group I) had a right ventricle-pulmonary artery (RV-PA) pressure gradient greater than 50 mmHg (measured simultaneously or during catheter withdrawal). Six patients (group II) had RV-PA pre-sure gradients of less than 50 mmHg. Twenty-seven PTV procedures were performed. Six of the 24 patients were under 2 months of age, including 4 who were less than 1 week old. The youngest patient (under 24 hours old) had valvular pulmonary stenosis, very nearly atresia. PTV was carried out using Rashkind's technique on 2 occasions and with a dilatation catheter with a balloon of 6 to 20 mm of diameter on the other 25 occasions. In 6 cases, 2 dilatation catheters were introduced and inflated simultaneously in the pulmonary valve. The overall results were satisfactory: RV pressure fell from 87.6 to 54.4 mmHg, the RV-PA gradient from 72.3 to 31.9 mmHg and the ratio of RV/systemic pressure from 104.4 to 51.1. The improvement was more marked in group I than in group II. The causes of failure are discussed: valvular dysplasia, severe infundibular hypertrophy, inadequate diameter of the balloon. Tolerance of PTV was very good. The value of this procedure is emphasised. It may save surgical valvotomy in high risk groups of patients, such as the newborn and infants. The haemodynamic results of PTV are maintained at long-term, but the number of cases is still too small. PMID- 3160321 TI - Chordoma in a chronic pain patient. AB - A 60-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a recurrence of low back pain. She was begun on a behavior modification pain control program. Follow-up x rays, including CT scan of the lumbosacral spine, showed a large tumor of the L3 vertebra. She subsequently underwent surgical resection of a large chordoma of the L3 vertebra and had good resolution of her back pain. PMID- 3160320 TI - The seleno-polypeptide of formic dehydrogenase (formate hydrogen-lyase linked) from Escherichia coli: genetic analysis. AB - The site of integration of phage M mu d (Ap lac) in mutant M9s which leads to deficiency of formic dehydrogenase (benzylviologen-linked) activity was determined. It was shown that the phage had inserted into the gene for the seleno polypeptide of the enzyme (80 kd) leading to the formation of a truncated peptide (60 kd) still able to incorporate Se. Synthesis of the truncated polypeptide is subject to the same regulatory signals as that of the wild-type enzyme. The formation of the 110 kd seleno-polypeptide, which is a constituent component of the formic dehydrogenase from the formate-nitrate respiratory pathway, is unimpaired in mutant M9s. The location of the gene for the 80 kd seleno polypeptide was mapped at 92.4 min of the Escherichia coli chromosome. PMID- 3160323 TI - Clinical significance of antithrombin III, plasminogen and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor in perinatal period. PMID- 3160322 TI - Intraoperative serum and tissue activity of cefazolin and cefoxitin. AB - We determined the intraoperative serum and wound-muscle concentrations of cefazolin and cefoxitin in 40 patients who were undergoing cholecystectomies. The study employed an open-label design in which all of the patients randomly received cefazolin sodium (20 mg/kg) or cefoxitin sodium (30 mg/kg) intravenously while the patient was in the ward ("on call") or with the induction of anesthesia. Multiple blood and wound-muscle samples were collected intraoperatively and assayed for their cephalosporin concentrations. Considerable differences in intraoperative serum and tissue concentrations between antibiotics were apparent; there were usually higher levels of cefazolin. In all of the patients who received cefazolin sodium, the antimicrobial was detectable in wound tissue at wound closure, while it was detectable in 86% and 38% of patients who received cefoxitin sodium with anesthesia and on call, respectively. Because cefoxitin has a much shorter elimination half-life than cefazolin it seems prudent to administer the agent as close to the start of the operation as possible, and readminister the agent every two to three hours until the wound is closed. For cefazolin, on-call administration appears to be acceptable, with readministration not required for at least four hours. PMID- 3160324 TI - Complications of laparoscopy. PMID- 3160325 TI - Down syndrome and maternal age in Hong Kong Chinese. PMID- 3160327 TI - Laparoscopic technique for the transfer of embryos in sheep. PMID- 3160326 TI - Topical corticosteroids for skin disorders in infants and children. PMID- 3160328 TI - Use and misuse in evolutionary perspective. PMID- 3160329 TI - Restoring health. PMID- 3160330 TI - Behavioral kinesiology. PMID- 3160331 TI - The palatal arch. PMID- 3160332 TI - Arthritic symptoms related to position and function of mandible. PMID- 3160333 TI - Psychological screening prior to T.E.N.S. for pain control. PMID- 3160334 TI - Holistic electrosleep. An electrophysiologic equivalent of meditation or deep muscular relaxation. PMID- 3160335 TI - Retrospective analysis of acute and chronic pain control in physical therapy and rehabilitation with T.E.N.S. PMID- 3160336 TI - Healing from within. PMID- 3160337 TI - The chewing mechanism--the body computer. PMID- 3160338 TI - The alcohol dehydrogenase alleloenzymes AdhS and AdhF from the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster: an enzymatic rate assay to determine the active-site concentration. AB - A rapid and reproducible enzymatic rate assay for the quantitative determination of the concentration of active sites is presented for the alleloenzymes AdhS and AdhF from Drosophila melanogaster. Using this procedure the turnover numbers as catalytic-center activities were found to be 12.2 sec-1 for AdhF and 3.4 sec-1 for AdhS with secondary alcohols. This showed a slower dissociation of the coenzyme from the binary enzyme-NADH complex with AdhS and hence a stronger binding of NADH to this alleloenzyme. With ethanol, the catalytic-center activity was 1.4 sec-1 for AdhS and 2.8 sec-1 for AdhF, and hence the single amino acid mutation distinguishing the two alleloenzymes also affected hydride transfer. PMID- 3160339 TI - Enzyme polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster populations in Iraq. AB - Electrophoretic studies of the degree and pattern of polymorphism at two third chromosome loci, esterase-6 (Est-6) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM), were carried out in three Drosophila melanogaster populations collected from different localities in Iraq: Mosul, Tuwaitha, and Basrah. The results show that only the Tuwaitha population was polymorphic for both loci; the other two populations were polymorphic for Est-6 and monomorphic for PGM. The allele frequency changes at both loci were followed for 20 generations in an experimental cage derived from the Tuwaitha population; it was found that there is a deviation from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium at both loci toward the homozygote. PMID- 3160340 TI - Metabolism of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal by isolated hepatocytes and by liver cytosolic fractions. AB - The metabolism of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal and of several other related aldehydes by isolated hepatocytes and rat liver subcellular fractions has been investigated. Hepatocytes rapidly metabolize 4-hydroxynonenal in an oxygen-independent process with a maximum rate (depending on cell preparation) ranging from 130 to 230 nmol/min per 10(6) cells (average 193 +/- 50). The aldehyde is also rapidly utilized by whole rat liver homogenate and the cytosolic fraction (140 000 g supernatant) supplemented with NADH, whereas purified nuclei, mitochondria and microsomes supplemented with NADH show no noteworthy consumption of the aldehyde. In cytosol, the NADH-mediated metabolism of the aldehyde exhibits a 1:1 stoichiometry, i.e. 1 mol of NADH oxidized/mol of hydroxynonenal consumed, and the apparent Km value for the aldehyde is 0.1 mM. Addition of pyrazole (10 mM) or heat inactivation of the cytosol completely abolishes aldehyde metabolism. The various findings strongly suggest that hepatocytes and rat liver cytosol respectively convert 4-hydroxynonenal enzymically is the corresponding alcohol, non-2-ene-1,4-diol, according to the equation: CH3-[CH2]4-CH(OH)-CH = CH-CHO + NADH + H+----CH3-[CH2]4-CH(OH)-CH = CH CH2OH + NAD+. The alcohol non-2-ene-1,4-diol has not yet been isolated from incubations with hepatocytes and liver cytosolic fractions, but was isolated in pure form from an incubation mixture containing 4-hydroxynonenal, isolated liver alcohol dehydrogenase and NADH and its chemical structure was confirmed by mass spectroscopy. Compared with liver, all other tissues possess only little ability to metabolize 4-hydroxynonenal, ranging from 0% (fat pads) to a maximal 10% (kidney) of the activity present in liver. The structure of the aldehyde has a strong influence on the rate and extent of its enzymic NADH-dependent reduction to the alcohol. The saturated analogue nonanal is a poor substrate and only a small proportion of it is converted to the alcohol. Similarly, nonenal is much less readily utilized as compared with 4-hydroxynonenal. The effective conversion of the cytotoxic 4-hydroxynonenal and other reactive aldehydes to alcohols, which are probably less toxic, could play a role in the general defence system of the liver against toxic products arising from radical-induced lipid peroxidation. PMID- 3160341 TI - Preparation and characterization of bovine aortic actin. AB - A functional vascular smooth-muscle actin from bovine aorta was purified to homogeneity by an original method and was able to polymerize. Aortic actin is composed of two major isoforms and at least two minor ones. This actin was not phosphorylated by either cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase or C kinase. The physical properties of aortic actin were found to be very similar to those of skeletal-muscle actin, except for amino acid composition (three tryptophan residues instead of four). The aortic actin and skeletal-muscle actin differ in the extent of activation of the Mg-dependent ATPase of skeletal-muscle myosin. PMID- 3160343 TI - Plasma plasmin inhibitors in Duchenne-type progressive muscular dystrophy. AB - In our previous research, we found that the level of the plasminogen activity in the plasma from Duchenne-type patients with progressive muscular dystrophy was higher than of the normal boys, though the level of the plasmin inhibitors was lower. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the differences in the fractions of plasmin inhibitors. The subjects were nine patients (the average age being 17.1 years) who had been diagnosed, by clinical and biochemical tests, as having PMD; serving as controls were normal boys (the average age being 15 years), the patients' mothers, and the mothers of the normal boys. The plasmin inhibitors were separated from plasma using lysine-Sepharose columns according to the method of Urita et al. The determination was performed based on the method of Aoyagi et al. and an immunoreactive assay. The results were as follows: (1) No significant differences were seen between patients with PMD and control subjects with respect to either alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, antithrombin III, and alpha 1 antitrypsin or alpha 2-macroglobulin and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitors. These results suggested that the low level of plasmin inhibitors in patients was due to the low activity of the C1 inactivator. (2) The patients with PMD showed lower values than the normal boys in the levels of C1 inactivator in plasma; similarly, the mothers of these patients showed lower values than the normal mothers. PMID- 3160344 TI - Activation of pancreatic islet myosin ATPase by ATP and actin. AB - Previous work from our laboratory indicated that pancreatic islets contain myosin light chain kinase, a calcium- and calmodulin-activated enzyme. This enzyme catalyzes phosphorylation of myosin which, in tissues containing smooth muscle, is believed to permit the ATPase of myosin to be activated by actin. The current report shows that incubating islet cytosol with ATP under conditions that should permit phosphorylation of myosin markedly enhances islet myosin ATPase activity in the presence of actin. It has been suggested that contractile proteins power insulin granule movements in the beta cell. Phosphorylation of myosin may be one of the means of coupling stimuli to insulin secretion. PMID- 3160342 TI - Absence of keratan sulphate from skeletal tissues of mouse and rat. AB - The absence of keratan sulphate synthesis from skeletal tissues of young and mature mice and rats has been confirmed by (1) analysis of specific enzyme degradation products of newly synthesized glycosaminoglycans, and (2) immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay using a monoclonal antibody directed against keratan sulphate. Approx. 98% of the [35S]glycosaminoglycans synthesized in vivo by mouse and rat costal cartilage, and all of those of lumbar disc, are chondroitin sulphate. The remainder in costal cartilage were identified as heparan sulphate in mature rats. In contrast, [35S]glycosaminoglycans synthesized by cornea of both species comprised both chondroitin sulphate and keratan sulphate. In mice keratan sulphate accounted for 12-25% and in rats 40-50% of the total [35S]glycosaminoglycans, depending on the age of the animal. Experiments in vitro with organ culture of cartilage and cornea confirm these results. Absence of keratan sulphate from mouse costal cartilage and lumbar disc D1-proteoglycans was corroborated by inhibition radioimmunoassay with the monoclonal antibody MZ15 and by lack of staining for keratan sulphate in indirect immunofluorescence studies using the same antibody. PMID- 3160345 TI - Alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide is released from the heart and circulates in the body. AB - In order to clarify whether or not atrial natriuretic polypeptides are hormones in man, we have measured plasma alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha hANP)-like immunoreactivity (alpha-hANP-LI) with or without extraction procedure. alpha-hANP-LI was detected in plasma extracts from all 5 normal subjects and 7 patients with heart diseases. The alpha-hANP-LI concentration in normal peripheral plasma was 37.7 +/- 7.0 pg/ml (mean +/- SE). Plasma concentrations of alpha-hANP-LI in the coronary sinus obtained by cardiac catheterization were 3 to 10 times higher than those in the peripheral vein, inferior vena cava, right atrium, pulmonary artery and aorta. High performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for alpha-hANP revealed that alpha-hANP-LI in normal peripheral plasma eluted at the position corresponding to that of authentic alpha-hANP without detectable amounts of high molecular weight forms. alpha-hANP-LI extracted from plasma taken from the coronary sinus of two patients also showed a single peak of alpha-hANP-LI co-eluting with alpha-hANP. In contrast, not only alpha-hANP but gamma-hANP and beta-hANP, high molecular weight forms, were present in the human atrial tissue. These results indicate that alpha-hANP is the predominant form of alpha-hANP-LI in human plasma and that this form generated in the atrial cardiocytes is preferentially released from these cells and circulates in the body. PMID- 3160346 TI - The phorbol ester TPA enhances A23187--but not carbachol- and high K+-induced catecholamine secretion from cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. AB - The effect of the phorbol ester TPA on catecholamine secretion was studied in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. The pretreatment of chromaffin cells with TPA caused the enhancement of catecholamine secretion induced by the calcium ionophore, A23187. By contrast, neither carbachol- nor high K+-induced secretion was changed by TPA pretreatment. These results support the concept that protein kinase C plays an important role as a factor transducing the Ca2+ signal to the exocytotic process of catecholamine secretion in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. PMID- 3160347 TI - Inhibition of the Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase by a novel Mr 17,000 Ca2+-binding protein. AB - A novel Mr 17,000 Ca2+-binding protein isolated from bovine brain was found to be a potent inhibitor of the Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C), also isolated from bovine brain. Half-maximal inhibition by this calciprotein of the initial rate of phosphorylation of histone III-S by protein kinase C occurred at a calciprotein concentration of 2.2 microM under standard conditions. Comparison of the effects of a number of Ca2+-binding proteins on protein kinase C activity indicated that the Mr 17,000 Ca2+-binding protein was the most potent inhibitor, followed by the intestinal Ca2+-binding protein and calcineurin. Calmodulin, troponin C, S-100 protein and a Mr 21,000 Ca2+-binding protein of bovine brain were relatively weak inhibitors of protein kinase C. The inhibitory effect of the Mr 17,000 Ca2+-binding protein was apparently not due to its interaction with phospholipid or the basic protein substrate and therefore appears to be due to a direct effect on the protein kinase C. These observations suggest that the novel Mr 17,000 Ca2+-binding protein, and possibly other Ca2+-binding proteins, may play a physiological role in regulating the activity of protein kinase C. PMID- 3160348 TI - Effect of different anesthetics on immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor concentrations in rat plasma. AB - The effect of different conditions of blood withdrawal and use of different anesthetics on immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor (IR-ANF) concentrations in plasma was studied in rats. The concentration of IR-ANF in plasma from jugular vein of non-anesthetized conscious rats, cannulated either 24 hr before blood withdrawal was 93.9 +/- 17.1 pg/ml (n = 30); and 48 hr: 81.9 +/- 11.5 pg/ml (n = 29). Immobilization stress (4 hr) increased IR-ANF concentration: 248.0 +/- 80.2 pg/ml (n = 5). Anesthesia by morphine, diethyl-ether, chloral hydrate and ketamine chlorhydrate increased IR-ANF concentrations to 2,443.0 +/- 281.2 pg/ml (n = 24), 806.1 +/- 74.6 pg/ml (n = 64), 224.0 +/- 81.4 pg/ml (n = 20), and 195.0 +/- 20.3 pg/ml (n = 51), respectively. IR-ANF in plasma of sodium-pentobarbital and urethane anesthetized rats was 59.2 +/- 6.7 pg/ml (n = 10) and 42.6 +/- 8.1 pg/ml (n = 8), respectively. These changes in IR-ANF evoked by different types of anesthetics and different conditions of blood withdrawal have to be taken into consideration during studies on the physiopathological role of atrial natriuretic factor. PMID- 3160349 TI - Molecular forms of immunoactive atrial natriuretic peptide in the rat hypothalamus and atrium. AB - Acid extracts of rat hypothalamus and atrium were prepared by a procedure previously shown to minimize proteolytic degradation of peptides. The majority of the immunoactive material in the atrial extracts had a molecular weight of approximately 9,000 to 15,000 daltons, while that in the hypothalamic extracts had a molecular weight of about 1,500 to 1,800 daltons. The major molecular weight forms of atrial natriuretic peptide from each extract were further distinguishable when analyzed by RP-HPLC. These results suggest that small peptides such as atriopeptins I, II, and III, may not be authentic post translational processing products in the atrium, and that the hypothalamus and atrium may differentially cleave pro-atrial natriuretic peptide to form tissue specific products. PMID- 3160350 TI - Phosphorylation of phosphofructokinase by protein kinase C changes the allosteric properties of the enzyme. AB - The Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C from rat brain phosphorylates rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase at the same trypsin-labile site as cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. However, protein kinase C also effectively phosphorylates one or more separate sites. Incubation of phosphofructokinase in the presence of protein kinase C, phospholipids, Ca2+, and ATP appears to affect the allosteric properties of phosphofructokinase by shifting the fructose 6-phosphate saturation curve to lower substrate concentrations in a time-dependent manner and decreasing cooperativity of the enzyme. PMID- 3160351 TI - Effect of triiodothyronine on alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in rat liver. Implications for the control of ethanol metabolism. AB - Treatment of rats with 20 micrograms of 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) per 100 g body wt for a period of 6 days led to a 45% decrease in total liver alcohol dehydrogenase and a 36% decrease in total liver aldehyde dehydrogenase. Most of the latter decrease was directly attributable to a 57% fall in the level of the physiologically-important low Km mitochondrial isoenzyme. The high Km isoenzyme of the postmitochondrial and soluble fractions was much less affected by T3 treatment. T3, at concentrations up to 0.1 mM, did not inhibit the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase in vitro. Despite these large losses of the two enzymes most intimately involved in ethanol metabolism, the rate of ethanol elimination in vivo was the same in T3-treated and control animals. Moreover, there was no difference between the two groups in the susceptibility of ethanol elimination to inhibition by 4-methylpyrazole, making it unlikely that an alternative route of ethanol metabolism had been significantly induced by treatment with T3. As it had been suggested that T3 might create a "hypermetabolic state" in which constraints normally imposed on alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase are removed thereby compensating for any loss in total enzymic activity, 2,4-dinitrophenol (0.1 mmoles/kg body wt) was administered to rats in order to raise the general metabolic rate. However, the uncoupler proved to be lethal to T3-treated animals and did not stimulate ethanol elimination in controls. The results do not support the notion that ethanol elimination in vivo is normally governed either by the level of alcohol dehydrogenase or by that of hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase. However, the mode of control remains unclear. PMID- 3160352 TI - Rapid determination of thymidylate synthase activity and its inhibition in intact L1210 leukemia cells in vitro. AB - A rapid and convenient tritium release assay for measuring thymidylate (dTMP) synthase activity and its inhibition within intact mammalian cells is described in detail. Short-term incubation of murine leukemia L1210 cells with an appropriately labeled substrate precursor, either deoxyuridine ([5-3H]dUrd) or deoxycytidine ([5-3H]dCyd), allowed for: (1) uptake and intracellular conversion to the substrate deoxyuridylate ([5-3H]dUMP); and (2) the obligatory displacement of tritium from [5-3H]-dUMP during the dTMP synthase catalyzed reaction. Tritium released into the aqueous environment was quantitated after a quick one-step separation of tritiated H2O from other radiolabeled materials and cell debris. The amount of tritium released was evaluated as a function of a number of variables, including the concentration of labeled substrate precursors, cell number, and incubation time. Tritium from [5-3H]dCyd was released significantly faster than from [5-3H]dUrd under a variety of conditions. Both 5 fluorodeoxyuridine (1 microM) and methotrexate (10 microM), which effectively block intracellular dTMP synthesis, completely inhibited the release of tritium from either [5-3H]dCyd or [5-3H]dUrd demonstrating that the release of tritium is mediated exclusively by the dTMP synthase catalyzed reaction. In addition, there was a good correlation between tritium release, cellular uptake, and incorporation of [2-14C]dUrd into DNA. The inhibitory effects of antifolates such as methotrexate were independent of the type of labeled precursor used. In contrast, preferential interference with the release of tritium from [5-3H]-dCyd by dCyd derivatives and from [5-3H]dUrd by dUrd derivatives was observed, suggesting that competition for uptake and/or phosphorylation may contribute to the overall effects of certain nucleoside analogues on cellular dTMP synthase activity measured using the tritium release assay. PMID- 3160354 TI - Sex differences in hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity in animal species. PMID- 3160355 TI - Impaired killer cell generation in the autologous mixed leukocyte reaction by rheumatoid arthritis lymphocytes. AB - Natural killer-like cells are generated along with interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the autologous mixed leukocyte reaction (AMLR). Patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but not those whose disease is in remission, are poor producers of AMLR killer cells. This defect cannot be explained by age, medications, or serum factors. The impaired generation of natural killer-like cells was not influenced by gamma-interferon but could be partially restored by addition of indomethacin to the AMLR culture, or by culturing RA T cells with exogenous IL-2. However, the response of RA T cells to IL-2 was significantly less than that of controls. These results suggest that the defect in the generation of AMLR killer cells in patients with active RA may be due in part to defective production of IL 2 and a lesser sensitivity of RA T cells to IL-2. PMID- 3160353 TI - Inhibitory effect of propylthiouracil on the development of metabolic tolerance to ethanol. AB - Chronic ethanol administration (4-5 weeks) to female spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats led to a marked increase in the rate of ethanol metabolism. This was accompanied by an increase in hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and by an increase in the rate of oxygen consumption in perfused livers of these animals. Treatment with the antithyroid drug 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) during the last 9 days (40 mg/kg/day) of the chronic administration of ethanol reduced hepatic oxygen consumption, resulting in a net diminution of the metabolic tolerance to ethanol, despite a further elevation in ADH activity. In these animals, microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS) activity was not affected by chronic ethanol administration or by treatment with PTU. Data strongly suggest that in the female SH rat all the metabolic tolerance to ethanol proceeds via the ADH pathway, and that the increase in hepatic oxygen consumption is more important in the development of metabolic tolerance to ethanol than the increased ADH levels. PMID- 3160356 TI - Nitrendipine and atenolol: comparison and combination in the treatment of arterial hypertension. AB - The effectiveness and tolerability of nitrendipine (Bay e 5009) and atenolol in the treatment of mild or moderate arterial hypertension in monotherapy and in association were evaluated in a randomized double-blind study. The drugs were administered once daily at the dose of 20 mg for nitrendipine and 100 mg for atenolol. The trial consisted in two phases of monotherapy and of a combined regimen phase, whose sequence was randomly established; tablets were administered according to a double-dummy design. The results were evaluated according to the criteria of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group. 5/20 patients were considered "responders" after atenolol treatment, 4/20 after nitrendipine alone, and 14/20 after combined therapy. Side effects resulted mild in severity, and their incidence was lower during the association phase. The combination of atenolol and nitrendipine appears to improve the effectiveness and acceptability of both drugs. PMID- 3160358 TI - Immunomodulation of antitumour response by drugs: is this related to their selective effect on suppressor T cells? PMID- 3160357 TI - Enhancement of allergen-specific suppressor cell activity by T-cell growth factor in house-dust sensitive asthmatic children. PMID- 3160359 TI - In vitro cell-mediated immunity assay for helper or suppressor activities of human T lymphocytes. PMID- 3160360 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: its radiographic manifestations. Presented at the International Congress of Radiology, Brussels 1981. PMID- 3160361 TI - [Health education. Basis for the integral development of the child]. PMID- 3160362 TI - [Epidemiology of leprosy in Guadalupe between 1970 and 1983]. PMID- 3160363 TI - [Natural breast feeding and the level of health]. PMID- 3160364 TI - [Maternal and infant nutrition in developing countries]. PMID- 3160365 TI - [Genetic counseling in clinical practice]. PMID- 3160366 TI - Effects of acute ethanol administration and chronic ethanol feeding on mixed function oxidation in deermice lacking ADH. AB - Hepatic microsomes catalyze the oxidation of ethanol and other drugs. The mechanisms through which ethanol alters mixed function oxidation are still debated. There is evidence that ethanol and drugs interact at a microsomal level, but there are also claims that ethanol may interfere with drug metabolism indirectly by affecting the supply of NADPH through NADH production in the ADH pathway. To investigate the role of chronic ethanol consumption, deermice with normal liver ADH (ADH+) or genetically lacking ADH (ADH-) were pair-fed liquid diets containing ethanol or isocaloric carbohydrate for 23 days. The acute effects of ethanol were studied in deermice fed standard laboratory chow and tap water ad lib. In vivo and in vitro, the effects of an acute dose of ethanol and chronic ethanol feeding on mixed function oxidation as measured by the demethylation of aminopyrine were similar in both animal strains. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between ADH+ and ADH- animals under all experimental conditions studied. We conclude that induction and inhibition of mixed function oxidation by ethanol may be related to the interaction of ethanol with hepatic microsomes rather than to redox changes produced by ADH mediated ethanol metabolism. PMID- 3160367 TI - Liver alcohol dehydrogenase: substrate inhibition and competition between substrates. AB - Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase is an NAD dependent enzyme which oxidizes a wide variety of alcohols. At high concentrations many of these alcohols are inhibitors of the enzymatic reaction. An initial velocity expression, which encompasses both substrate inhibition and the generally accepted ordered bimolecular mechanism of horse LADH, was derived and tested. In all cases, the experimental velocities obtained for ethanol, 1-butanol, and 1-hexanol agreed well with those calculated using the initial velocity equation. A second velocity expression, for situations where two alcohols are simultaneously present, was also derived. Calculated velocities displayed an excellent fit with data from experiments where ethanol competed for horse LADH with either 1-butanol or 1 hexanol. The mechanism of oxidation by horse LADH appears unperturbed when more than one substrate is present. The velocity equations presented in this study allow the effects of an alcohol on the interaction of LADH with other substrates to be predicted. PMID- 3160368 TI - Alcohol dehydrogenase: a new sensitive marker of hepatic centrilobular damage. AB - To determine whether serum alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity reflects hepatic damage of centrilobular region (zone 3), the rats were given either bromobenzene (BB) or allyl alcohol (AA) IP to produce the pericen tral or periportal necrosis respectively. After AA or BB serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity showed no significant difference between the two groups. By contrast, serum ADH and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) activities were elevated preferentially in the BB treated rats. However, AA administration to rats also resulted in a significant increase in GLDH activity, whereas ADH activity was only slightly elevated when compared to controls. Moreover, acute ethanol administration to rats resulted in a significant elevation of the serum ADH activity, whereas serum GLDH and ALT activities remained normal. These data suggest that serum ADH activity appears to be a sensitive and specific marker of hepatic centrilobular damage. PMID- 3160370 TI - Properties of rat retina alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - The rat eye fraction, including retina, pigment epithelium and choroid, contains an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzyme that is not present in rat liver. Starch gel electrophoresis of retina ADH shows an anodic band that can be visualized by activity staining, using either ethanol or pentanol as substrates. Ethanol is a poor substrate (Km: 336 mM, at pH 10.0) for the purified retina ADH which prefers long chain, 2-unsaturated and aromatic alcohols. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 10.0 for ethanol oxidation and it is inhibited by 4-methylpyrazole (KI: 10 microM). Electrophoretic and kinetic properties clearly differentiate the retina ADH from the hepatic cathodic ADH isoenzymes and from an anodic chi-ADH-like form that we have also detected in rat liver. At the pH and ethanol concentrations found "in vivo," retina ADH can oxidize ethanol to an appreciable extent. The subsequent production of acetaldehyde and redox change may be responsible for visual disorders during alcohol intoxication. PMID- 3160369 TI - Effects of ethanol treatment and castration on liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity. AB - Induction of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity by chronic ethanol treatment and castration has previously been reported to occur in Sprague-Dawley rats. In the present study, no induction was found following chronic ethanol treatment and only a low level of induction was found with castration. However the activity of ADH was high in control animals compared with those used in other studies. The activity of ADH in control animals was not decreased by testosterone administration, which has been shown to reverse induction of the enzyme produced by chronic ethanol treatment or castration in other studies. It is concluded that the male Sprague-Dawley rat is not necessarily a suitable animal for the study of ADH induction by chronic ethanol treatment and that further unknown factors must be identified before the regulation of ADH activity in vivo is fully understood. PMID- 3160371 TI - Aldehyde dehydrogenase in Drosophila: developmental and functional aspects. AB - Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities were determined in adult flies from several Drosophila species endowed with widely different tolerance to ethanol (ETOH). Plotting ALDH against ADH activities resulted in a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.966). This finding was confirmed in developmental studies. From early larval stage up to late adult life, ADH and ALDH activities demonstrated almost parallel profiles. In the highly ETOH tolerant species D. melanogaster (D.m.), ADH and ALDH profiles were U shaped: high activities in larvae, low activities in pupae and high activities in adults. In D. simulans (D.s.), a species less tolerant to ETOH, the profiles were L-shaped: high activities in larvae but low activities in both pupae and adults. Interestingly, similar activities (ADH and ALDH) were observed in the larvae of both species. Subcellular distribution studies of larval ALDH in both species revealed that the total ALDH activity is largely contributed by a mitochondrial high affinity enzyme. ALDH activity, clearly distinguishable from aldehyde oxidase (ALDOX), was visualized through analytical isoelectric focusing of the subcellular fractions. The estimated pIs for D.m. and D.s. were 4.9 and 5.2 respectively, thus different from those of ADH. The key biological role initially attributed to Drosophila ALDH is further supported by the present data. In addition the Drosophila developmental model opens new avenues for research on the study of genetic regulation of ADH and ALDH expression. PMID- 3160372 TI - In vivo roles of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), catalase and the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) in deermice. AB - The relative importance of ADH and MEOS for ethanol oxidation in the liver has yet to be elucidated. The discovery of a strain of deermice genetically lacking ADH (ADH-) which can consume ethanol at greater than 50% of the rates seen in deermice having ADH (ADH+) suggested a significant role for non-ADH pathways in vivo. To quantitate contributions of the various pathways, we examined first the ethanol oxidation rates with or without 4-methylpyrazole in isolated deermice hepatocytes. 4-Methylpyrazole significantly reduced the ethanol oxidation in both ADH+ and ADH- hepatocytes. The reduction seen in ADH- cells can be applied to correct for the effect of 4-methylpyrazole on non-ADH pathways of ADH+ deermouse hepatocytes. After correction, non-ADH pathways were found to contribute 28% of ethanol metabolism at 10 mM and 52% at 50 mM. When using a different approach namely measurement of the isotope effect, MEOS was calculated to account for 35% at low and about 70% at high blood ethanol concentrations. Thus, we found that two different complementary approaches yielded similar results, namely that non ADH pathways play a significant role in ethanol oxidation even in the presence of ADH. PMID- 3160373 TI - The effects of zimeldine on voluntary ethanol consumption: studies on the mechanism of action. AB - Research from our laboratory has shown that several specific serotonin uptake blockers (zimeldine, fluoxetine, sertraline) are effective in reducing voluntary ethanol consumption in rats. However, the mechanism of action of these drugs is not well understood. The series of experiments presented here examined whether zimeldine produces its effects on ethanol consumption via a serotonin mediated anorexic action. In addition the effects of chronic administration of zimeldine were examined in rats drinking a dextrose solution, as well as in ethanol consuming animals following 5-HT depletion with p-chloroamphetamine. The results indicate that zimeldine reduces the consumption of ethanol, dextrose and saccharin solutions. However, these effects on fluid consumption are not blocked by prior serotonin depletion. The results are discussed in terms of serotonin's role in this process in general and the possibility that zimeldine's effects are not directly related to its capacity to block the reuptake of serotonin. PMID- 3160374 TI - Benign coronary perforation during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - In two patients percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was complicated by coronary perforation. In both cases the complication was managed conservatively. PMID- 3160375 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - The large differences in the spin lattice relaxation times (T1) of blood and myocardium (measured by nuclear magnetic resonance) allow the heart to be visualised without the use of contrast media. The findings using nuclear magnetic resonance in 11 unselected patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were compared with those in equal numbers of normal subjects and patients with electrocardiographic features of left ventricular hypertrophy. In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy characteristic septal hypertrophy was noted together with variable and sometimes pronounced hypertrophy of the left ventricular free wall, which is consistent with the heterogeneous nature of this disease. The mean (SD) ratio of septal to free wall thickness was 1.5(0.8) for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 0.8(0.2) for those with left ventricular hypertrophy, and 0.9(0.2) for normal subjects. Although septal measurements by nuclear magnetic resonance were greater than those obtained by echocardiography there was a significant correlation between the two. Septal and free wall area were significantly smaller in normal subjects. There were no differences in septal or free wall T1 values between the three groups. Non-gated nuclear magnetic resonance can detect septal and free wall hypertrophy. With the addition of multiple slice acquisition, rapid estimation of myocardial mass will be possible allowing the potentially important assessment of progression or regression of myocardial hypertrophy. PMID- 3160376 TI - Acute coronary occlusion during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Two hundred and forty percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty procedures were performed in three centres over a two year period. Acute occlusion of the vessel undergoing angioplasty was seen on 20 (8%) occasions. The cause of occlusion was determined angiographically and in some cases confirmed at the time of emergency open heart surgery. The mechanism of coronary occlusion was arterial dissection in six cases, persisting coronary arterial spasm in seven, and coronary thrombosis in four. In three patients the mechanism could not be determined. Immediate reintroduction of a balloon dilatation catheter was attempted in 10 patients and resulted in restoration of adequate coronary flow in six. The remaining 14 patients underwent open heart surgery as an emergency procedure. PMID- 3160378 TI - Gynaecological laparoscopy. PMID- 3160377 TI - Spontaneous recanalisation of side branches occluded during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was performed in a 56 year old man with postinfarction angina. During an otherwise uncomplicated dilatation of a left anterior descending artery with a 70% stenosis two diagonal branches, each measuring 1.5 mm in diameter, were occluded. The occlusions were not associated with any adverse clinical effects, though there was a small rise in plasma creatine kinase concentration. The patient became free of angina two weeks after angioplasty, and follow up angiography showed spontaneous reappearance of the occluded side branches. Redistribution of atheromatous material and its later reabsorption may have been the mechanism for the initial occlusion and later reappearance of the vessels. PMID- 3160379 TI - Wavelength and light-dose dependence in tumour phototherapy with haematoporphyrin derivative. AB - Red light (c. 630 nm) is almost universally used in tumour phototherapy as it is the most penetrating of the porphyrin excitation wavebands. However, measurements of tumour attenuation of light of different wavelengths and of the excitation spectrum of haematoporphyrin derivative in vitro suggested that green light might be more efficient than red in destroying thin tumours. Experimentally, we confirmed this for tumours up to approximately 1.2 mm thick, a depth exceeding that of most carcinomas-in-situ. The superiority of green light over red in terms of the illumination time required to produce equivalent depths of necrosis may extend to greater depths (3-4 mm) if the former is produced by an argon laser and the latter by an argon-pumped dye laser. The relation between depth of necrosis Zn and light dose D is shown to be Zn = sigma gamma-1 1n(D/theta gamma) where sigma gamma is the attenuation coefficient for light at wavelength gamma and theta gamma the threshold light dose for producing necrosis at that wavelength. This logarithmic relationship suggests that it may be difficult to eradicate large tumours merely by increasing the light dose, and indicates the need for other approaches. PMID- 3160382 TI - Mixed skin cell-lymphocyte culture reaction (MSLR) as a model for the study of lympho-epidermal interactions. PMID- 3160381 TI - Langerhans cell induced cytotoxic T-cell responses against normal human epidermal cell targets: in vitro studies. AB - We investigated the role of class II MHC (HLA-DR Ia-like) antigen-bearing Langerhans cells in the in vitro generation of human alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) directed against epidermal cells (EC). Normal EC in suspensions (from reconstructive surgery specimens) and anti-DR monoclonal antibody plus complement (C')-treated EC were used to stimulate peripheral blood (PB) T cells (T cells allogeneic or autologous to EC) in a classical 6-day human mixed skin cell-lymphocyte culture reaction (MSLR). CTL responses were then tested in 51Cr release assays against cultured EC (EC grown on collagen-coated plates in parallel to MSLR). CTL responses to EC were observed only after allogeneic MSLR and when targets and EC used in MSLR were from the same donor. They were comparable in magnitude to those seen in parallel studies using PBL from the same donor as the stimulating EC as target cells. They were abolished when EC used in MSLR were depleted in class II MHC Langerhans cells (preincubation of EC suspensions with anti-DR + C'). These data show: (a) alloreactive CTL to human normal EC may be generated in MSLR, as previously shown in animals; (b) the MSLR is an in vitro model of primary immunization against EC; (c) Langerhans cells are necessary for the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity reactions occurring against epidermal cells. PMID- 3160380 TI - Allostimulation of patients' lymphocytes generates both T and NK-like cells cytotoxic for autologous melanoma. AB - Killing of autologous melanoma (auto-Me) was obtained with pooled allostimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in 34/42 cases and found not to be due to a cross-reactivity between melanoma and allogeneic normal antigens. To see whether generation of tumour cytotoxic PBL by allostimulation was due to release of IL-2, PBL from 34 patients were divided into two aliquots and stimulated either by alloantigens or IL-2. Allostimulated PBL were cytotoxic for auto-Me in 30/34 cases (85%) whereas IL-2 generated tumour cytotoxic cells in 22/34 cases (64%). Lysis of K562, a target for monitoring NK-like activity, was obtained in 95-100% of cases with both stimuli. A similar frequency of OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8+ and HNK1+ cells was found in PBL activated by allostimulation and IL-2, whereas a higher frequency of OKM1+ cells was evident in IL-2-stimulated PBL. Cold-target competition studies indicated that allostimulation generated at least two different types of effectors, one lytic to auto-Me but not to K562, and the other which lysed both targets. Allostimulated, FACS-separated T3- cells killed both auto-Me and K562 cells whereas T3+ cells lysed only auto-Me. It is concluded that allostimulation generated two subpopulations of auto-Me killer cells, one of the T lineage and the other NK-like, which both can destroy auto-Me targets. PMID- 3160383 TI - Cyclical neutropenia and T8 lymphocyte mediated stimulation of granulopoiesis. AB - A 33-year-old female with cyclical neutropenia and a reciprocally cycling T8 (suppressor/cytotoxic) lymphocytosis was investigated. T8 lymphocytes ranged between 1.4 and 5.6 X 10(9)/l and a significant proportion (50-75%) were preactivated (1a+). Fc gamma receptors were detected in only a minority (7-10%). Functional studies on the lymphocytes indicated that despite their phenotype, little natural killer and reduced suppressor activities were present. Anti granulocyte antibodies were not detectable in the serum. Production of colony stimulating activity (CSA) was assessed in the patient and control subjects' lymphocytes. Using a methylcellulose marrow culture system, the CSA production by the patient's lymphocytes was markedly increased compared with the control. Monoclonal antibody cytotoxic experiments confirmed that the T8 lymphocytes were responsible. As peaks of circulating T8 lymphocytes were synchronous with granulopoietic activity in the marrow, the above findings may represent a homeostatic mechanism which is attempting to compensate for an underlying stem cell defect. PMID- 3160384 TI - Antenatal PLA1 typing and detection of GP IIb-IIIa complex. PMID- 3160385 TI - Subunit interaction of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase: effects of purification procedures. AB - Structural, physical, and kinetic properties of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase (PFK) purified by three different procedures were monitored in order to determine the effect of various purification procedures on the dynamics of subunit interaction. PFK was purified by three commonly used procedures: (1) differential heat precipitation [Kemp, R. G. (1972) Methods Enzymol. 42, 71-77], (2) differential heat and alcohol precipitation [Ling, R. H., Marcus, F., & Lardy, H. A. (1965) J. Biol. Chem. 240, 1893-1899], and (3) differential salt fractionation [Hesterberg, L. K., & Lee, J. C. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 2030-2039]. The physical, kinetic, and structural properties of these three preparations show that these proteins are not identical. Sedimentation velocity studies show that PFK purified by method 3 self-associates rapidly and that the system is thermodynamically homogeneous. The presence of an inactive or noninteracting component is not observed within an 8-h time limit. In contrast, PFK purified by method 1 or 2 is heterogeneous. In these preparations, a slowly sedimenting, noninteracting, inactive form of PFK is present. The remaining active protein is not stable but continuously converts to an inactive form. Active PFK can be fractionated from this inactive form by sedimentation. This active fraction behaves as a thermodynamically homogeneous system, and the subunits undergo rapid association-dissociation in a manner similar to PFK purified by method 3. Kinetic studies on these three preparations show that the inclusion of a heat and/or alcohol step in the purification procedure yields an enzyme that is less stable, has a lower specific activity, requires DTT for full activation, and is more susceptible to inhibition by ATP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3160386 TI - Interaction of the heavy chain of gizzard myosin heads with skeletal F-actin. AB - To probe the molecular properties of the actin recognition site on the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, the rigor complexes between skeletal F-actin and chicken gizzard myosin subfragments 1 (S1) were investigated by limited proteolysis and by chemical cross-linking with 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethyl amino)propyl]carbodiimide. Earlier, these approaches were used to analyze the actin site on the skeletal muscle myosin heads [Mornet, D., Bertrand, R., Pantel, P., Audemard, E., & Kassab, R. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 2110-2120; Labbe, J.P., Mornet, D., Roseau, G., & Kassab, R. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 6897-6902]. In contrast to the case of the skeletal S1, the cleavage with trypsin or papain of the sensitive COOH-terminal 50K-26K junction of the head heavy chain had no effect on the actin-stimulated Mg2+-ATPase activity of the smooth S1. Moreover, actin binding had no significant influence on the proteolysis at this site whereas it abolished the scission of the skeletal S1 heavy chain. The COOH terminal 26K segment of the smooth papain S1 heavy chain was converted by trypsin into a 25K peptide derivative, but it remained intact in the actin-S1 complex. A single actin monomer was cross-linked with the carbodiimide reagent to the intact 97K heavy chain of the smooth papain S1. Experiments performed on the complexes between F-actin and the fragmented S1 indicated that the site of cross-linking resides within the COOH-terminal 25K fragment of the S1 heavy chain. Thus, for both the striated and smooth muscle myosins, this region appears to be in contact with F-actin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3160387 TI - Biochemical properties of 9-cis- and all-trans-retinoylopsins. AB - The stoichiometry of the reaction between [14C]-9-cis-retinoyl fluoride, a close isostere of 9-cis-retinal, and bovine opsin and the biochemical and spectral properties of this new pigment were investigated. The stoichiometry of retinoid incorporation is approximately one in dodecyl maltoside, a detergent in which opsin is capable of regeneration with 11-cis-retinal. Interestingly, in Ammonyx LO, a detergent that does not permit rhodopsin regeneration, the stoichiometry of binding is still approximately one. By contrast, heat-denatured opsin does not irreversibly bind substantial [14C]retinoyl fluoride. This result strongly suggests that the nucleophilicity of the active site lysine is retained in Ammonyx LO but that further conformational changes in the protein, required to form rhodopsin, are not possible. These results are all consistent with an active site directed mechanism for the irreversible reaction of 9-cis-retinoyl fluoride with opsin probably at the active site lysine residue. The ultraviolet spectra of 9-cis-retinoylopsin and its all-trans congener show gamma max's at 373 and 380 nm, respectively, somewhat bathochromically shifted from their respective model N butylretinamides which absorb at 347 and 351 nm. Photolysis of both 9-cis- and all-trans-retinoylopsins leads to the same photostationary state. This shows that, as expected, photoisomerization without bleaching occurs. The photolysis of either 9-cis- or all-trans-retinoylopsin in the presence of the G protein (transducin) does not lead to the activation of the latter. This is consistent with the notion that a protonated Schiff base is critical for the function of rhodopsin. PMID- 3160388 TI - Mucin synthesis. UDP-GlcNAc:GalNAc-R beta 3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and UDP-GlcNAc:GlcNAc beta 1-3GalNAc-R (GlcNAc to GalNAc) beta 6-N acetylglucosaminyltransferase from pig and rat colon mucosa. AB - Pig and rat colon mucosal membrane preparations catalyze the in vitro transfer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) from UDP-GlcNAc to GalNAc-ovine submaxillary mucin to form GlcNAc beta 1-3GalNAc-mucin. Rat colon also catalyzes the in vitro transfer of GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to GlcNAc beta 1-3GalNAc-mucin to form GlcNAc beta 1-3(GlcNAc beta 1-6) GalNAc-mucin. This is the first demonstration of in vitro synthesis of the GlcNAc beta 1-3GalNAc disaccharide and of the GlcNAc beta 1-3-(GlcNAc beta 1-6)GalNAc trisaccharide, two of the four major core types found in mammalian glycoproteins of the mucin type, i.e., those containing oligosaccharides with GalNAc-alpha-serine (threonine) linkages. The activity catalyzing synthesis of the disaccharide has been named UDP-GlcNAc:GalNAc-R beta 3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (mucin core 3 beta 3-GlcNAc-transferase), while the activity responsible for synthesizing the trisaccharide has been named UDP GlcNAc:GlcNAc beta 1-3GalNAc-R (GlcNAc to GalNAc) beta 6-N acetylglucosaminyltransferase (mucin core 4 beta 6-GlcNAc-transferase). The beta 3-GlcNAc-transferase from pig colon is activated by Triton X-100, has an absolute requirement for Mn2+, and transfers GlcNAc to GalNAc-alpha-phenyl, GalNAc-alpha benzyl, and GalNAc-ovine submaxillary mucin with apparent Km values of 5, 2, and 3 mM and Vmax values of 59, 62, and 37 nmol h-1 (mg of protein)-1, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3160390 TI - Cartilage keratan sulphate: changes in chain length with ageing. AB - Keratan sulphate from sheep nasal cartilage of five different ages was isolated by a combination of methods. The mean length of the chains progressively increased with ageing, as assessed by the molar ratio of glucosamine to galactosamine or galactosaminitol. The mean length ranges from eight monosaccharides for the younger to seventeen monosaccharides for the older animals. The results suggest that the increase in keratan sulphate content of cartilage may be due to the increase in the length and not in the number of chains. PMID- 3160389 TI - Photoaffinity labeling of functionally different lysine-binding sites in human plasminogen and plasmin. AB - Photoaffinity labeling of human plasmin using 4-azidobenzoylglycyl-L-lysine inhibits clot lysis activity, while the activity toward the active-site titrant, p-nitrophenyl-p'-guanidinobenzoate, or alpha-casein are maintained. Photoaffinity labeling of native Glu-plasminogen with the same reagent causes incorporation of approximately 1.5 mol label per mol plasminogen. This labeled plasminogen can be activated to plasmin by either urokinase or streptokinase. The resulting plasmin has full clot lysis activity and can be subsequently photoaffinity labeled with a loss of clot lysis activity. The rate of activation of labeled plasminogen by urokinase is increased relative to that of native plasminogen. epsilon Aminocaproic acid blocks incorporation of photoaffinity label into both plasminogen and plasmin, indicating that the labeling is specific to the lysine binding sites. The labels are located in the kringle 1+2+3 fragment in either photoaffinity-labeled plasminogen or plasmin. These results indicate that the specific lysine-binding site blocked in plasmin acts in concert with the active site in binding and using fibrin as a substrate. This clot lysis regulating site is not available for labeling in plasminogen, but is exposed or changed upon activation to plasmin. The different lysine-binding sites labeled in plasminogen may regulate the conformation of the molecule as evidence by an enhanced rate of activation to plasmin. PMID- 3160391 TI - Thymic regulation of primate fetal ovarian-adrenal differentiation. AB - We report that fetal thymectomy inhibits oogenesis and induces abnormal ovarian differentiation in rhesus monkeys. In utero thymectomy (n = 5) elevated plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (7.8 +/- 1.1 microgram/ml vs. 4.2 +/- 0.5 microgram/ml; P less than 0.05) and decreased plasma prolactin (24.5 +/- 3.3 ng/ml vs. 76.3 +/- 11.2 ng/ml; P less than 0.05) concentrations compared with intact controls (n = 12), but did not change plasma luteinizing hormone, estradiol, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, or thymosin-alpha 1 concentrations. In utero thymectomy reduced the weight of neonatal ovaries and adrenal glands, but not hepatic, renal, splenic, or total body weights. After fetal thymectomy, newborn ovaries (n = 8) contained a reduced total number of germ cells (123,926 +/- 11,651 vs. 432,034 +/- 40,311; P less than 0.001). The percentages of individual germ cell types were similar between thymectomized and intact groups (n = 11) except for an increased percentage of preantral-antral follicles in the thymectomy group (P less than 0.01). Our results indicate that the primate fetal thymus regulates antenatal ovarian follicular development, perhaps by interactions between the nascent immunologic and pituitary-ovarian systems. PMID- 3160392 TI - On the contribution of dynein-like activity to twisting in a three-dimensional sliding filament model. AB - It has been shown (Hines, M., and J. J. Blum, Biophys.J., 1984, 46:559-565) that passive moment-bearing links do not contribute appreciable twist resistance to an axoneme nor do they cause appreciable twisting in response to internal shear forces. We now examine the contribution of active moment-bearing links such as dynein arms to the generation of twist within an axoneme. The dynein model used causes distal sliding of the adjacent doublet by a force dependent on the angle of attachment of the arms. Attachment of the arms occurs at a specified angle relative to the angle of minimum potential energy. The steady state shape consistent with the forces applied by the attached dyneins is computed. It is shown that the twist generated in an active region is counterclockwise as viewed from tip to base and therefore accumulates at the end of the axoneme. For realistic forces and twist resistances, cumulative twist should not exceed a few degrees. PMID- 3160394 TI - Time-resolved x-ray diffraction studies of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane during active transport. AB - X-ray and neutron diffraction studies of oriented multilayers of a highly purified fraction of isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) have previously provided the separate profile structures of the lipid bilayer and the Ca2+-ATPase molecule within the membrane profile to approximately 10-A resolution. These studies used biosynthetically deuterated SR phospholipids incorporated isomorphously into the isolated SR membranes via phospholipid transfer proteins. Time-resolved x-ray diffraction studies of these oriented SR membrane multilayers have detected significant changes in the membrane profile structure associated with phosphorylation of the Ca2+-ATPase within a single turnover of the Ca2+ transport cycle. These studies used the flash photolysis of caged ATP to effectively synchronize the ensemble of Ca2+-ATPase molecules in the multilayer, synchrotron x-radiation to provide 100-500-ms data collection times, and double beam spectrophotometry to monitor the Ca2+-transport process directly in the oriented SR membrane multilayer. PMID- 3160393 TI - The active cross-bridge motions of isolated thick filaments from myosin-regulated muscles detected by quasi-elastic light scattering. AB - Intensity fluctuation spectroscopy has been used successfully as a probe that can detect an increase in high-frequency internal motions of isolated thick filaments of Limulus muscle upon the addition of calcium ions. We have attributed such motions to cross-bridge motion instead of to an increase in the flexibility of the filament backbone. Here we show that after cleavage of the S-1 and then the S 2 moieties with papain, cross-linking the myosin heads to the filament backbone, or heat denaturation (42 degrees C, 10 min), the increase in the high frequency internal motions in the thick filaments no longer occurs. Congo Red, which has been shown to induce shortening of isolated myofibrils, also increases the high frequency motions of the isolated filaments. Furthermore, the increase is suppressed by treating the filaments with a myosin ATPase inhibitor such as vanadate ions (10 mM) or by replacing ATP with either an equimolar CrADP or the nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue beta, gamma-imido-adenine-5'-triphosphate (AMP-PNP). Calcium ions have a similar effect on isolated thick filaments from scallop muscle, where the myosin is known to be regulatory. Calcium ions have no such effect on thick filaments isolated from frog muscle, which is believed not to be regulated by calcium binding to myosin. These results confirm our earlier supposition that the additional high frequency internal motions of the thick filaments isolated from striated muscle of Limulus are related to the energy dependent, active cross-bridge motions. PMID- 3160396 TI - Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of 19-nortestosterone urinary metabolites in man. AB - A sensitive and highly specific method based on capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry has been developed for the detection of 19 nortestosterone (17 beta-hydroxy-4-estren-3-one) metabolites in urine. After intramuscular administration of 19-nortestosterone decanoate to man, urine samples were collected during several days and treated with Helix pomatia digestive juice. The free steroids were extracted and converted into O-methyl oxime-trimethylsilyl or the trimethylsilyl ether derivatives and analysed by capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Three isomeric metabolites were detected and identified as 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-extran-17-one (19-norandrosterone), 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-estran-17-one (19 noretiocholanolone) and 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-estran-17-one (19 norepiandrosterone). Packed column GC/MS was also employed in the selected ion monitoring mode for the specific detection of 19-norandrosterone, the most abundant urinary metabolite of 19-nortestosterone. These gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric methods are highly specific tests which can be used on a routine basis for the confirmation of 19-nortestosterone administration to athletes as well as for therapeutic monitoring following administration of the drug. PMID- 3160397 TI - Positive and negative liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry of chloro- and nitrophenylglucuronides. AB - Mass spectra of a series of chloro- and nitrophenylglucuronides by liquid secondary ion (LSI) mass spectrometry were obtained. In the positive ion mode class characteristic fragmentations and adduct ions are observed only in the presence of alkali salt additives. No additives were necessary in the negative ion mode to see abundant class characteristic [M-H]- and aglycone fragment ions. Cluster ion formation was found to be prominent but only in the negative ion mode. PMID- 3160398 TI - Trace analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using a tandem double-focusing/quadrupole instrument. AB - Analysis for oestradiol bis-tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with selected reaction monitoring ([M]+. ---[M-C4H9]+) using a tandem double-focusing/quadrupole instrument gave a detection limit below 10 pg. During analyses of a plasma extract, the selectivity of detection was superior to conventional selected ion monitoring. A parent ion resolution of 5000 was used to eliminate detection of all components but the chosen analyte. PMID- 3160395 TI - Use of chemical ionization in gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric screening of human urine for disaccharides containing inositol. AB - Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in the positive chemical ionization (CI) mode was used to screen normal urine for inositol-containing disaccharides in the form of permethylated derivatives, after borodeuteride reduction of the reducing saccharides. Ammonia was the reactant gas. The results revealed the existence of deoxyhexosyl-inositol and hexosyl-inositol disaccharides, and of a new compound, N-acetylhexosaminyl-inositol disaccharide. Up to four isomers of deoxyhexosyl-inositol could be present in the same sample even though only one of them has so far been fully characterized in man. As regards the hexosyl inositols, one to three isomers were present in the same sample and probably corresponded to the three isomers of galactosyl-inositol recently described in man. N-Acetylhexosaminyl-inositol (identified elsewhere by us as N acetylgalactosaminyl-alpha (1-1)-myo-inositol) was seen in only a few samples. No relationship can be found between the excretion of all these inositol-containing disaccharides on the one hand, ABO(H) blood group and 'Secretor' status (Se or sese) of the donors on the other. The gas chromatographic CI mass spectrometric technique used here with various ammonia pressures can be applied to the screening of other biological fluids or tissues for inositol glycosides. PMID- 3160399 TI - Collision-induced dissociation-mass-analysed ion kinetic energy (CID-MIKE) analysis of ions generated by fast atom bombardment of isomeric bile salts. AB - Molecular protonated ions and alkali attachment ions, generated by fast atom bombardment of isomeric bile salts, were analysed by collision-induced dissociation-mass-analysed ion kinetic energy (CID-MIKE) spectroscopy. Within each series of isomers, CID-MIKE spectra were similar, but showed subtle differences in the middle mass region. The most abundant ions were formed by fragmentation of the side chain. The positive charge was found to reside on the sulfonate or carboxylate moiety of the ionized salts and did not seem to migrate to other functional groups. Ions in the middle mass region were probably formed by fragmentation in the steroid ring system and therefore reflected structural differences of the bile conjugates. The usefulness of CID-MIKE spectroscopy in the structural analysis of isomeric materials was demonstrated. PMID- 3160400 TI - Identification of polycyclic aromatic compounds in mutagenic emissions from steel casting. AB - Workers in ferrous foundries show increased risk of lung cancer. In the steel casting process hot metal is poured into sand moulds solidified with organic binders, producing a plume of smoke containing a variety of organic compounds and showing strong mutagenicity in the Salmonella/S9 assay. We have collected the emissions produced when steel is poured into an experimental sand mould solidified with oil, clay and cereal, a widely used binder system. The organic constituents of these emissions have been fractionated by preparative reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mutagenic fractions have been analysed by capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Of the 65 compounds for which mass spectra are reported, 54 have been tentatively identified as alkyl derivatives of polycyclic aromatic compounds. Many compounds of this class are known to be carcinogenic and mutagenic. In addition, several unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including the carcinogenic benz[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene, were found to be present. PMID- 3160402 TI - Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of specific isomers of polychlorodibenzofurans. AB - The gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric characteristics of 26 congeners of polychlorinated dibenzofurans, previously characterized by specific synthetic routes and by standard spectroscopic techniques, have been evaluated. The electron impact mass spectra are not particularly isomer-specific, though 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzofuran is distinguishable on this basis from the three other tetrachloro isomers investigated in this work. Positive ion methane chemical ionization mass spectra do show a greater degree of isomer distinction, and are reasonably reproducible. Electron attachment negative ion spectral characteristics are also presented. Preliminary results on negative ion chemical ionization mass spectra, obtained using methane plus small amounts of oxygen as reagent gas, are reported. PMID- 3160401 TI - Identification of urinary 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic and 3-ethoxy-4 hydroxymandelic acids after dietary intake of ethyl vanillin. AB - It has been discovered recently that several patients undergoing urinary organic acid profiling excrete high concentrations of 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid and traces of 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid. These are believed to be the consequences of feeding the patients with synthetic diets flavoured with 3-ethoxy 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, a vanilla-like artificial flavouring added to improve patient acceptance and taste. The syntheses, mass spectra and gas chromatographic behaviour of these and related compounds are presented. PMID- 3160403 TI - Enhanced detection of drugs in complex mixtures by derivatization/secondary ion mass spectrometry. AB - Derivatization/secondary ion (SI) mass spectrometry is a sensitive surface analysis technique. It can detect ppm levels of selected compounds in complex mixtures, as can tandem mass spectrometry. However, unlike tandem mass spectrometry it uses simpler instrumentation, since chemistry is used to select the compound of interest instead of a mass spectrometer. The application of derivatization/SI mass spectrometry is discussed regarding the analysis of drugs in aqueous media, tablets or human urine. PMID- 3160404 TI - Simultaneous determination of oxprenolol and 2H6-labelled oxprenolol in human plasma by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. AB - A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method for the specific determination of oxprenolol and 2H6-labelled oxprenolol when both are present in the same sample is described. After addition of 13C3-labelled oxprenolol as internal standard, plasma is alkalized and extracted by a mixture of dichloromethane and diethyl ether. The residue following evaporation of the organic phase is derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride. Negative ion detection with N2O as reagent gas is used for the measurements at m/z 488, 491 and 494 for oxprenolol, the 13C3 labelled internal standard and 2H6-labelled oxprenolol, respectively. The precision and accuracy of the analytical method were investigated using samples containing both unlabelled and 2H6-labelled oxprenolol. The overall mean recovery (% +/- SD, n = 70) in the concentration range 20-1500 nmol l-1 (around 6-450 ng ml-1 of the hydrochloride salts) was 100.6 +/- 3.3 and 101.0 +/- 3.5 for oxprenolol and 2H6-labelled oxprenolol, respectively. The limit of quantification was around 20 nmol l-1 for both compounds. PMID- 3160405 TI - Quantitative secondary ion monitoring gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of diethylstilbestrol in bovine liver. AB - A procedure is described for the extraction of diethylstilbestrol (DES) from animal tissue for quantitative capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The procedure is based upon use of a strong anion exchange polystyrene divinylbenzene resin for sample purification. The recovery of DES from the resin clean up was 88% in the high parts per trillion (ppt) range. Criteria for identification of DES using selected ion monitoring (SIM) GC/MS are presented. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was used to investigate altered DES cis/trans ratios observed in biological extracts. PMID- 3160406 TI - Enhancement of structural information in FAB ionized carbohydrate samples by neutral gas collision. AB - Fast atom bombardment (FAB) ionization and two coupled analyzers (BE-EB) have been combined with neutral gas collision (C) to enhance structural information in the mass spectra of oligosaccharides. (B and E are abbreviations for magnetic and electric sectors respectively.) FAB ionization and the first analysers (BE) have provided parent ions free from biological and liquid matrix contaminants. Structural detail of these products were observed after collision and daughter ion analysis in a second coupled analyser (EB). Starting from complex mixtures, this instrumental approach, BE-C-EB, has provided specific oligomeric sequence information which was not observed in the normal FAB mass spectra. Collision spectra obtained from isomeric linear and branched oligosaccharides show unique fragments that can be directly related to structure. PMID- 3160407 TI - Identification of 17 alpha,20 alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone in testicular extracts after incubation with ketoconazole. AB - The antifungal ketoconazole affects testosterone synthesis in dispersed rat testicular cells. In the presence of ketoconazole an accumulation of 17 alpha,20 alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone has been observed. This steroid was isolated from the testis of Wistar rats after a [4-14C]progesterone incorporation in the presence of ketoconazole. Its identification was achieved from the gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of the isolated radioactive fraction. A chemical derivatization of the fraction with butylboronic acid followed by mass spectrometric analysis confirmed the presence of 17 alpha,20 alpha dihydroxyprogesterone. PMID- 3160408 TI - [Relative hypertrophy of the right ventricle in silver foxes selected for domestication behavior]. AB - Silver foxes selected for domestication behavior were found to have relative hypertrophy of the right heart ventricle, which was 21% as enlarged in males and 18% as enlarged in females as compared with non-domesticated animals. It was established by stereological methods that hypertrophy occurs mainly at the expense of an increase in the absolute and relative content of myofibrils in cardiomyocytes, with the absolute total volume of the mitochondria being equal both in domesticated and non-domesticated animals. It was shown by means of dissociated cell counts that in both animal groups, the absolute number of cardiomyocytes and their nuclei in the right ventricles is approximately similar. It is suggested that there is a relationship between right heart ventricle hypertrophy in domesticated foxes and variation in the balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic effects. PMID- 3160409 TI - [Effect of calmodulin inhibitors on the contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle]. AB - The calmodulin inhibitor trifluoroperazine (5 microM) diminished the velocity of contraction and relaxation of the guinea-pig papillary muscle by 31 and 53%, respectively. Methophenazine showed approximately the same affinity to both calmodulin and trifluoroperazine and nearly 40-fold less affinity to troponin. Methophenazine (5 microM) did not change the contraction velocity and diminished the relaxation velocity ty 21%. It is suggested that calmodulin participates mainly in the control of myocardial relaxation. PMID- 3160410 TI - [Comparison of the oxygen absorption processes during phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes from conventional and specific-pathogen-free C57BL/6 strain mice]. AB - Oxygen consumption was compared during phagocytosis of killed S. aureus by peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PNL) from conventional mice and C57BL/6 mice free of pathogenic agents. The rate of oxygen consumption by PNL during phagocytosis was 3 times higher in conventional mice than in C57BL/6 mice free of pathogenic agents. The latter mice can be used as a suitable model for studying diverse effects on the most important component of the bactericidal mechanism of PNL. PMID- 3160411 TI - [Function of the membrane lipids of the heart sarcoplasmic network in izadrin myocarditis studied by using a pyrene probe]. AB - The fluorescent hydrophobic pyrene probe was employed to study the viscosity of membrane lipids of rat heart sarcoplasmic reticulum in isoproterenol myocarditis. During pyrene incorporation into the reticulum obtained from the affected myocardium, the increase in the microviscosity occurred at lower temperatures and more rapidly both in "bound" and "free" membrane lipids as compared with normal. The increase of the viscosity of the reticulum membranes in isoproterenol myocarditis was accompanied by a lowering of the activity of Ca, Mg-ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum coupled with an elevation of the content of lipid peroxidation products. PMID- 3160412 TI - Increased red cell calcium, decreased calcium adenosine triphosphatase, and altered membrane proteins during fava bean hemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient (Mediterranean variant) individuals. AB - RBCs from four glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient (Mediterranean variant) subjects were studied during fava bean hemolysis. In the density fractionated RBC calcium level, Ca2+-ATPase activity, reduced glutathione level, and ghost protein pattern were studied. In the bottom fraction, containing most heavily damaged RBCs, calcium level ranged from 143 to 244 mumol/L RBCs (healthy G6PD-deficient controls: 17 +/- 5 mumol/L RBCs). The Ca2+-ATPase activity ranged from 0.87 to 1.84 mumol ATP consumed/g Hb/min (healthy G6PD-deficient controls: 2.27 +/- 0.4). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) of ghosts showed: (1) the presence of high mol wt aggregates (in three cases they were reduced by dithioerythritol; in one case, only partial reduction was possible); (2) the presence of multiple, scattered new bands; and (3) the reduction of band 3. Oxidant-mediated damage to active calcium extrusion, hypothetically associated with increased calcium permeability, may explain the large increase in calcium levels. They, in turn, could activate calcium-dependent protease activity, giving rise to the profound changes in the ghost protein pattern. PMID- 3160413 TI - Impaired responsiveness to B cell growth factor in a patient with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. AB - Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia (CVH) is a clinical syndrome that includes a diverse group of patients with heterogeneous defects resulting in impaired B cell proliferation and terminal differentiation into mature plasma cells capable of normal immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion. In this study, we report our identification of a previously undescribed intrinsic B cell defect in a patient with CVH. This patient's B cells showed a marked impairment in hemolytic plaque forming cell (HePFC) formation compared with control B cells (15 v 80 HePFCs per culture, respectively). In addition, this patient's B cells displayed decreased B cell colony formation compared with control B cells (5 +/- 2 v 93 +/- 8, respectively). When examined for their responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin-T cell conditioned media (PHA-TCM), the patient's B cells displayed impaired B cell proliferation compared with control B cells (stimulation index [SI] 1.3 +/- 0.20 v 26 +/- 1.4 with 20% control PHA-TCM [vol/vol]). Impaired proliferation by the patient's B cells persisted with increasing concentrations of B cell growth factor (BCGF). Additionally, PHA-TCM prepared from the patient's T cells when compared with control PHA-TCM consistently showed less support for control B cell proliferation (SI 1.27 +/- 0.21 v 26 +/- 1.4, respectively). In coculture studies of B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin synthesis, patient's T cells showed no evidence of an enhanced suppressive effect or decreased helper effect. This patient's immune defects involve, first, an intrinsic B cell defect characterized by an impaired responsiveness to BCGF's proliferation signal and, second, impaired production of BCGF by the patient's T cells. PMID- 3160415 TI - The compaction pattern of the chromatin of trypanosomes. AB - Protozoa of the family Trypanosomatidae are pathogenic agents of human and animal diseases. Fine structure, compaction pattern, and histone content of the soluble chromatin were investigated in procyclic forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease, S. America) and T. brucei brucei (Nagana disease, Africa) in comparison with rat liver chromatin. At low ionic strength chromatin was present as nucleosome filaments. Condensation into compact fibers (solenoid) was complete for rat chromatin at 100 mM salt concentration while chromatin of T. cruzi showed less condensation (tangle formation), and that of T.b. brucei did barely condense under identical experimental conditions. In general, the nucleosomes of trypanosomes, especially T.b. brucei, seemed to be less regularly arranged than those of the higher eukaryote. Addition of histone H1-containing fractions of rat liver chromatin increased the compaction of T. cruzi chromatin but had no influence on T.b. brucei chromatin. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed histone H1 and the 4 core histones in rat liver chromatin. Neither in T. cruzi nor T.b. brucei were proteins identical to rat histone H1 present. Differences existed also in molecular weight of core histones between rat and trypanosomes, as well as between T. cruzi and T.b. brucei. These differences might explain species-specific differences in the fine structural organization and compaction pattern of the chromatin of the rat, T. cruzi, and T.b. brucei. PMID- 3160416 TI - In vitro multiplication and apparently indefinite subcultures of normal mouse resident peritoneal macrophages. AB - Multiplication of Balb/C mouse resident peritoneal macrophages was observed, when all the cells collected in the washing fluid of the peritoneal cavity were seeded in appropriate culture medium. This multiplication began only after the appearance of a confluent monolayer of flat cells, referred to as "mesothelial" cells. The macrophages produced passed from the "mesothelial" cell layer to the suspension and could be passaged indefinitely. Each culture underwent an identical cycle of events which always included the appearance of a confluent monolayer of "mesothelial" cells. The cells transferred were characterized by their ability to phagocytose yeasts, and by the presence of Fc receptors and cytoplasmic non-specific esterases. PMID- 3160414 TI - Evaluation of platelet glycoprotein Ib by fluorescence flow cytometry. AB - Platelet glycoprotein Ib (GpIb), a receptor for von Willebrand's factor (vWF), was studied by way of fluorescence flow cytometry. Using a sandwich staining technique, GpIb was identified by a monoclonal antibody (6D1) directed against an epitope close to the vWF binding site. Platelets from normal individuals were symmetrically distributed with respect to GpIb content. Treatment of washed platelets with plasmin resulted in progressive loss of GpIb as measured by fluorescence flow cytometry and by loss of agglutination response when combined with ristocetin in the presence of vWF. In mixing experiments with GpIb-deficient and normal platelets, it was possible to detect a subpopulation of deficient cells comprising 2% of the total population. Streptokinase treatment of platelet rich plasma caused loss of the agglutination response to ristocetin and the emergence of a population of GpIb-deficient platelets. Fluorescence flow cytometry appears to be an important new technique by which to study platelet surface receptors. PMID- 3160418 TI - Aberrant distribution of the peri-axonemal structures in the human spermatozoon: possible role of the axoneme in the spatial organization of the flagellar components. AB - A quantitative ultrastructural study combined with stereology was performed on semen samples from four men selected for apparently isolated anomalies of the peri-axonemal structures. Comparison of the results with those of a control group revealed a decrease: in the mean length of the principal piece; in the mean length of the 9 dense fibres and in the difference in length between the 9 dense fibres, all the fibres being approximately as long as the medium length fibres of the normal spermatozoon. In addition, longitudinal columns were single and/or in abnormal position. However, the extent of the dense fibres (along 60% of the principal piece) and their proportion within the flagellum (35.1% of the principal piece per fibre on average) were normal. Analysis of the results suggests that: A-tubules of the axonemal doublets are involved in the spatial arrangement of the peri-axonemal structures; axonemal microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) may be responsible for this structural function; and three different types of longitudinal doublet differentiations may exist along the flagellar axoneme. PMID- 3160417 TI - Liver connective tissue cells isolated from human schistosomal fibrosis or alcoholic cirrhosis represent a modified phenotype of smooth muscle cells. AB - Hepatic connective tissue cells associated with schistosomal fibrosis and alcoholic cirrhosis were studied in vitro. Primary cell lines were isolated from all biopsies: they were identified as specific homogeneous cell populations, named liver connective tissue cells (LCTC). They were recognized as analogous to smooth muscle cells, different from true fibroblasts by morphological and physiological criteria. The proliferative capacity of LCTC is directly proportional to the degree of fibrosis in hepatic tissues. LCTC are able to secrete type I, III and IV collagen, fibronectin, laminin and amyloid P component. Their relationship with specific pathology of intrahepatic vascular tree in schistosomiasis is hypothesized. PMID- 3160419 TI - Rapid changes in levels of individual molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase after denervation of mouse sternocleidomastoid muscle. AB - Experimental denervation of adult mouse sternocleidomastoid muscle results in a decrease in total AChE. The most rapid change essentially affects the tailed, asymmetric 16 S AChE, since one day after nerve section, "16S" AChE is already significantly decreased to about 70% of its control value. We found that both background and junctional "16S" AChE are affected by this rapid decrease. Later, a sharp fall in "10S" and "4S" AChE occurs about seven days after denervation when muscle atrophy develops with loss of weight and proteins. A gaussian analysis of the sedimentation profiles of AChE extracted from denervated muscle shows that there is not only an early rapid decrease in 16 S AChE but also a decrease in the monomeric 3.3S AChE. This result suggests that there is a very rapid turn-over of two molecular forms of AChE, the supposedly monomeric precursor and the complex asymmetric 16S AChE. PMID- 3160420 TI - Histochemical and biochemical studies of cholinesterases in the carotid labyrinth of amphibians. AB - Acetylcholinesterase activity was detected in the carotid labyrinth of amphibians by both biochemical and histochemical methods. The histochemical tests showed enzyme activity in surfaces of afferent and efferent nerve terminals in contact with type I cells, but none within the type I cells. Acetylcholinesterase activity occurred on some, though not all, nerve fibers in the extra-cellular spaces. These fibers might be parasympathetic cholinergic fibers innervating blood vessels. PMID- 3160421 TI - Laparotomy closure. AB - Successful closure and healing of the musculo-aponeurotic layers of the abdominal wall after laparotomy should now be expected as the norm. Attention to technique and materials for closure is associated with low rates of wound failure (burst abdomen and incisional hernia). PMID- 3160422 TI - Huntington's chorea without dementia. A problem case. AB - An unusual case of Huntington's Chorea, without dementia, is described. The diagnostic issues are discussed with particular reference to the problems of psychiatric assessment and management of the disease. PMID- 3160424 TI - Laparoscopy or scanning in oesophageal and gastric carcinoma? AB - A prospective study was undertaken of the accuracy in diagnosing intra-abdominal metastatic disease of the liver by scintigraphy, ultrasound scanning and laparoscopy. The effect of laparoscopy on management was also studied. Fifty patients were studied: 23 oesophageal carcinoma, 14 gastric carcinoma and 13 with suspected intra-abdominal metastatic spread. Accuracy was determined by laparoscopic biopsy, laparotomy and autopsy. The accuracy was 72 per cent for scintigraphy, 75 per cent for ultrasound and 96 per cent for laparoscopy (with 10 per cent failed ultrasound due to intra-abdominal gas). There was no morbidity or mortality associated with laparoscopy, with one failure due to adhesions. Thirteen patients without hepatic metastases had nodal and/or peritoneal spread diagnosed only by laparoscopy. Laparotomy was avoided in 58 per cent, and 74 per cent died in the 18 month follow-up period. Laparoscopy can obviate the need for laparotomy in inoperable cases of oesophageal carcinoma and allow better planning for potentially curable surgery. In gastric carcinoma the value of laparoscopy is doubtful as a high percentage require at least palliative surgery. PMID- 3160423 TI - Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis: a comparison of the Rome, New York and modified New York criteria in patients with a positive clinical history screening test for ankylosing spondylitis. AB - The modified New York criteria for the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis were evaluated and compared to the older criteria in 151 patients, referred to hospital because of low back pain and who had a positive clinical history screening test for ankylosing spondylitis and in 31 controls with non inflammatory back pain. Radiological examination of the sacro-iliac joints showed sacro-iliitis in 124 (82%) from the 151 with inflammatory back pain. In 110 (72%) of those patients a diagnosis of definite ankylosing spondylitis according to the classical New York criteria could be made and they had a prevalence of HLA-B27 of 84%. Application of the modified New York scheme increased the number of patients meeting the criteria for definite ankylosing spondylitis to all 124 patients with sacro-iliitis, and 82% of this group carried HLA-B27. The classical New York criteria of 'limitation of the lumbar spine in three directions' and of 'limitation of chest expansion' appeared to reflect disease duration rather than help in the initial diagnosis. PMID- 3160425 TI - First experimental results with the oxygen electrode as a local blood flow sensor in canine colon. AB - A modified oxygen electrode was tested against the electromagnetic flowmeter to see if its reading indicated blood flow to the canine colon. Although gross inflow was compared with local flow, the correlation was good in each of seven individuals (r ranged from 0.86 to 0.97). The closeness of the relative values gives the instrument potential for cheap, fast, repeatable and non-invasive estimation of regional blood flow, in colon and other exposed tissues. PMID- 3160427 TI - The da Silva method of incisional hernia repair. AB - A technique of incisional hernia repair originally devised by da Silva is described. The operation was performed on 30 patients and no recurrence was found in the 27 cases examined 1 to 4.5 (mean 2.5) years later. PMID- 3160426 TI - The value of perioperative Doppler ankle systolic pressure measurements in reconstructive arterial surgery. AB - This study evaluates the use of ankle systolic Doppler indices for the detection of technical errors during reconstructive surgery. Measurements taken peroperatively, following declamping, are expressed as a ratio of brachial systolic pressure and compared with preoperative and postoperative readings. A study has been made of 377 limbs in 272 patients, including patients undergoing surgery for aneurysm, claudication and limb salvage. In the majority of patients the peroperative ratios were similar to, or improved on, pre-operative levels. No technical errors or primary failures were apparent in those patients in which this was the case. In contrast, in the 27 limbs in which a pre-operative ratio had been measurable, but no peroperative signal obtained, 21 technical errors were identified and corrected immediately. There were 16 limbs with severe ischaemia, and neither pre-operative nor peroperative signals, in which the outcome was less certain. In ten, major amputation subsequently became necessary because of inadequate run-off which was demonstrated radiologically. Finally, there were four limbs in which failure occurred postoperatively in spite of a restored peroperative signal. It is concluded that this simple technique is useful and sensitive. PMID- 3160428 TI - Acute respiratory insufficiency from psittacosis. PMID- 3160429 TI - Paediatric trained district nurse in the community: expensive luxury or economic necessity? PMID- 3160430 TI - Economics of coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - To decide whether the number of operations for coronary artery bypass grafting should be increased, maintained at the present levels, or decreased we need to know how cost effective they are relative to other claimants on the resources of the National Health Service. For this purpose effectiveness is taken to be the effect on life expectancy adjusted for the quality of life. In an assessment of the cost per quality adjusted life year gained coronary artery bypass grafting rates well for cases of severe angina and extensive coronary artery disease. The cost, however, rises sharply for less severe cases. Bypass grafting seems to compare favourably with valve replacement for aortic stenosis and implantation of pacemakers for heart block; it is distinctly better than heart transplantation and the treatment of end stage renal failure but is probably less cost effective than hip replacement. If the number of operations for coronary artery bypass grafting were to increase it would be a fairly strong claimant only if restricted to the most severe cases. The data on which these judgments are based are crude and in need of refinement. The methodology is powerful, far reaching, and open to comment. PMID- 3160431 TI - ABC of nutrition. Children and adolescents. PMID- 3160433 TI - Asymptomatic hyperuricemia and allopurinol induced toxic epidermal necrolysis. PMID- 3160432 TI - Laparoscopic diagnosis of ascites in Lesotho. AB - In a prospective study of 98 consecutive patients with undiagnosed ascites examined by laparoscopy a correct immediate diagnosis was made in 76 (78%) and a final diagnosis in 92 (94%) of those who underwent laparoscopy. Visual diagnosis was highly accurate in patients with tuberculous peritonitis but only moderately accurate in those with carcinomatosis and liver disease. When the laparoscopic findings were compared with histological and microbiological results visual diagnosis was found to be the most accurate diagnostic method. Laparoscopy may readily be used in rural hospitals for diagnosing ascites. PMID- 3160435 TI - [Thyroglobulin and the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones]. AB - Thyroglobulin (mol. wt. 660 kDa) is the specific protein of the thyroid gland in which are synthesized and stored the thyroid hormones (thyroxine and 3,5,3' triiodothyronine). It is formed of equal-sized subunits (330 kDa) containing each identical polypeptide chains to which are associated two types of oligosaccharide units representing 8 to 10% by weight of the protein. The studies reported in this paper describe the presence in thyroglobulin of discrete hormonogenic sites. After chemical (CNBr) and enzymatic (trypsin and protease V8 of S. aureus) treatments of the protein, four different hormone-containing peptide segments have been isolated, purified and sequenced. They correspond to the hormonogenic tyrosine-containing sites of the protein. One tyrosine is located at 4 amino acid residues from the N-terminal asparagine of the chain and is a major site for thyroxine synthesis. Another one which represents the triiodothyronine site is situated 2 amino acids before the C-terminal lysine. Finally, two other sites, one of low affinity and the other of high affinity for iodine and thyroxine formation, are equally located in the C-terminal part of the chain. The hormone forming regions localized at the opposite far ends of the thyroglobulin chain(s) likely represent zones more accessible to iodination and with a conformation suited for the coupling of iodotyrosine into iodothyronine residues and ultimately protease attack to release the free hormones into the circulation. The presence of hormonogenic sites of different affinities for iodine allows thyroglobulin to modulate adaptively its hormonogenic capacity to external iodine supply. The molecular mechanism of this process is still unknown. PMID- 3160436 TI - [Computerized comparison of imaging in scintigraphy; physiopathological applications]. AB - The authors describe a method of treating scintigraphic data with which they can correctly compare images of a structure that were obtained in different conditions. This method comprises two steps which are fully computerized. During the first one known as the "registration" step and intended to make a comparison possible they maximise a new similarity criterion by a series of random trials in a five parameter space. During the second, which is the actual comparison, they use an appropriate statistical test to recognise those homologous pixels with a significantly different contents which will be the only ones retained to build up the final image. They give then two examples of what the method brings in the medical field which are the detection of adenomatous parathyroid glands and the follow-up of lung perfusion in case of embolism. PMID- 3160434 TI - [Humoral and cellular immunity in simple trisomy 21--Down's syndrome]. PMID- 3160437 TI - [Vascular reactivity to carbon dioxide in the acute stage of cerebral infarction in rats]. AB - The effect of CO2 on the cerebral circulation was assessed 24 hours after induction of unilateral brain infarction performed in the rat by injecting radioactive calibrated 50 microns microspheres into the internal carotid artery. The intracerebral distribution of microspheres and regional cerebral blood flow were measured bilaterally in 8 brain regions. In control rats, increase in arterial pCO2 to about 80 mm Hg resulted in 30 to 100% increase in flow according to the area. Cerebral blood flow was also enhanced in the embolized rats, the basal values being multiplied by a factor 1.7 in the embolized hemisphere and by a factor 1.8 in the contralateral hemisphere. These results do not provide evidence for the existence of a "steal" phenomenon between the non infarcted and infarcted hemispheres. PMID- 3160438 TI - [Oral glucose tolerance tests in man during a 150-day space flight (Salyut 7 Soyuz T9)]. AB - This study was conducted on the pilot specialist of the Salyut 7-Soyuz T9 complex during a 150 days space flight. Glucose tolerance tests were made 3 days before flight, on days 60 and 88 during flight and on days 25 and 55 after flight. The study confirms the decrease of fasting plasma glucose observed during the 3 Skylab missions and demonstrates blunted glucose tolerance curves. The changes were not found during ground based studies using bed rest to simulate weightlessness state. The origin of this abnormality is discussed. PMID- 3160439 TI - [In vitro activity of an extract of Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 biotype 4 on lymphoblastic transformation]. AB - Effects of an extract from Y. enterocolitica 0:3 biotype 4 on mouse splenocytes and human lymphocytes cultures were examined. Low doses had a mitogenic action on splenocytes, while high doses inhibited tritiated thymidine incorporation into the cells. With human lymphocytes only inhibitory effect was observed. PMID- 3160440 TI - [Effect of physical training by swimming on the arterial pressure, plasma and hypothalamo-post-hypophyseal vasopressin in genetically hypertensive rats of the Lyon strain]. AB - The effect of a 5-week swimming training on systolic blood pressure (PAS) and vasopressin (AVP) and Neurophysins (NpT) concentration in the blood and content in the pituitary and the hypothalamus was studied in Lyon genetically hypertensive rats [LH] and in their controls: the normotensive [LN] and low blood pressure [LL] rats belonging to the 28th generation. Nine female rats of each group were trained 5 days a week for 5 weeks, starting with 2 h a day, with a 15 min increase every day, up to 6 h a day. The PAS was measured using an indirect plethysmographic technique one time a week during the whole training session. At the end of the training, the rats were decapitated. AVP and NpT were measured in blood, pituitary and hypothalamus, by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Hematocrit as well as plasma Na+, K+, protein and osmotic content were also measured. Results show that the training did not affect any of the studied parameters: mainly, there was no decrease in PAS or plasma AVP level in the hypertensive rats compared to the normotensive ones. The only difference was a lower AVP content in the pituitary of LH rats compared to LN (p less than 0.01), which is difficult to interpret. Our results shed doubt on the efficiency of a swimming training on the evolution of hypertension in the Lyon rat model. PMID- 3160441 TI - [Role of calcium in the preparation and secretory activity of cells isolated from the gastric mucosa of rabbits]. AB - The role of calcium in the preparation and the acid secretory activity of parietal cells was studied using cells isolated from rabbit gastric mucosa. The preparation of isolated cells was performed by enzymatic dissociation (collagenase) in the presence of EDTA; without EDTA, only isolated gastric glands were obtained. The acid secretory activity of parietal cells was determined by the 14C-aminopyrine accumulation method; the stimulation induced by histamine or isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) was not significantly affected by a reduction of extracellular Ca2+ level (20% diminution in a Ca2+-free medium). The carbachol induced stimulation was highly dependent upon the concentration of extracellular Ca2+: incubation of parietal cells in a Ca2+-free medium reduced the response to 100 microM carbachol by about 60%. PMID- 3160442 TI - [Chromosome aberrations produced in human lymphocytes by in vivo and in vitro irradiation]. AB - The production of chromosome aberrations in vivo has been studied in lymphocytes from a patient undergoing a wholebody treatment with gamma-radiation up to a cumulative dose of 1.4 Gy. These results were compared with the observations performed on whole blood samples irradiated in vitro with doses from 0.05 up to 2 Gy of gamma-rays. The frequency of chromosome aberrations, particularly the dicentrics, was found to be similar in vivo and in vitro. The yield of dicentrics could be best related to the dose by using a linear-quadratic model in both cases, the ratio of the coefficients a/b being of 0.56 and 0.69 Gy, respectively in vivo and in vitro. These observations confirm that in vitro dose response curves may be used to evaluate accurately an in vivo absorbed dose. PMID- 3160443 TI - [Effect of cytosine arabinoside on the cell cycle and level of radiation-induced chromosome anomalies in lymphocytes of mammals]. AB - A treatment by cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), an inhibitor of repair, and by deoxycytidine, which reverse the inhibition activity of ara-C, has been used to study the duration of repair in X-irradiated mammalian lymphocytes. In human the repair requires at least three hours but is already completed within two hours for rabbit lymphocytes. The results appear rather surprising for pig lymphocytes because addition of ara-C to culture medium does not modify apparently the yield of aberrations. PMID- 3160444 TI - [Comparative kinetics of the early repair of intestines and lung in mice after fast neutron and gamma-ray irradiation]. AB - Early repair (Elkind) after d(50) + Be neutron and gamma irradiation is assessed by determining the additional dose Dr necessary to reach a given biological effect when a single fraction Ds is split into 2 equal fractions 2Di separated by a time interval "i". LD50 at 180 days after thoracic irradiation is used as an evaluation of late pulmonary tolerance; LD50 at 5 days after abdominal irradiation is used as an evaluation of early intestinal tolerance. Dr is reduced but still important after neutron irradiation as compared to gamma irradiation. For LD50/180, after fast neutron irradiation Dr reaches 66, 90, 64, 162, 195, 150 cGy for "i" = 1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 12, and 24 hours respectively; after gamma irradiation, Field and Hornsey reported Dr = 390, 530, and 376 cGy for "i" = 2, 6, and 24 hours respectively; after neutron irradiation, they reported Dr = 190 cGy for "i" = 24 hours. For LD50/5, after fast neutron irradiation, Dr = 14, 45, 43, and 133 cGy for "i" = 1,5, 3,5, 5,5 and 24 hours respectively. Early repair is faster after gamma irradiation: Dr reaches a maximum for "i" = 3-4 hours. For neutrons, Dr reaches its maximum at 24 hours for both criteria. PMID- 3160445 TI - [Microcinematographic study of the lengthening of the cell cycle after x-ray and fast neutron irradiation]. AB - The median cycle duration of unirradiated EMT6 cells is equal to 9.68 +/- 0.20 h. It reaches 10.77 +/- 0.42 h, 12.95 +/- 0.62 h, 14.95 +/- 1.10 h, 16.15 +/- 1.87 h and 20.25 +/- 2.25 h after 250 kV X-rays doses of 1 Gy, 2 Gy, 4 Gy, 6 Gy and 8 Gy respectively and 11.23 +/- 1.03 h, 13.40 +/- 0.53 h and 15.13 +/- 1.15 h after p(65) + Be neutron doses of 0.75 Gy, 1.5 Gy and 2.5 Gy respectively. The corresponding mitotic delay (Tc irradiated - Tc controls) may be evaluated equal to congruent to 1.15 h per Gy for X-rays and to congruent to 2.30 h per Gy for neutrons. PMID- 3160446 TI - [Long-term course of the cerebral circulatory function after brain irradiation in rats]. AB - Long-term evolution of radioisotope indices, evaluating respectively the cerebral blood flow (CBF), the cerebral blood volume (CBV) and the cephalic specific distribution space of iodoantipyrine (delta IAP) of rat, was studied after brain irradiation at 20 Gy. Radioinduced hemodynamic alterations evidenced by this approach are biphasic and support the prominent role of circulation impairment in the genesis of delayed brain radionecrosis. PMID- 3160448 TI - [NK activity in C57BL/Ka mice during the development of radiation-induced lymphomas]. AB - Treatment of C57BL/Ka mice with a split dose wholebody irradiation (four weekly irradiations of 1,75 Gy) induces the development of thymic lymphomas. NK activity of spleen cells has been determined at several intervals after leukemogenic treatment. Two days after irradiations. NK activity is normal and decreases strongly after one week. This period of decline persists during about one month. Then, NK activity restores and reaches control values. Lymphomas appear in spite of NK activity restoration. The diminution of NK activity during the preleukemic period could favour preleukemic cells apparition. PMID- 3160449 TI - The effects of continuous progestogen treatment on cortical bone remodeling activity in beagles. AB - Cortical bone remodeling measurements were carried out on the ribs of 6 spayed and 5 progestogen-treated spayed Beagle dams which had been subjected to a period of observation equal to more than 1 sigma of intact canine bone remodeling activity. Analyses of static and dynamic features indicated that continuous medroxyprogesterone acetate replacement therapy altered the rates of cortical bone remodeling activity. In the progestogen-treated dams, more Basic Multicellular Units (BMUs) were activated, exhibiting shortened resorption and formation times. Thus, this progestogen appears to play a significant role in regulating cortical bone cell activity and, as such, suggests that progesterone may play a part in the prevention or slowing down of cortical bone loss in females following menopause or oophorectomy. PMID- 3160447 TI - [Phenotype of thymocyte populations in C57BL/Ka mice during the development of radiation-induced lymphomas]. AB - In C57BL/Ka mice, irradiated with 4 weekly X-ray doses of 1,75 Gy, the phenotype of thymocyte populations was analyzed with monoclonal antibodies, lectins and flow cytometry. Four successive phases were defined: a) early after irradiation, a depletion of radiosensitive cortical thymocytes with a relative enrichment for radioresistant medullary type cells; b) a regeneration phase, during which thymocytes express the cortical immature phenotype; c) a third period, with a relative increase of a population with medullary phenotype; d) a late phase, during which thymocytes with the same phenotype as lymphoma cells accumulate. PMID- 3160450 TI - The current status of pit and fissure sealants. A review. PMID- 3160451 TI - Physiological effects of experimental verminous bronchitis in Friesian calves. AB - Pulmonary function values were measured in five Friesian calves of five months of age during the patent phase of an experimental moderate lungworm infection and were compared with the pulmonary function values recorded in four control animals. All the nine calves were free of any previous challenge with Dictyocaulus viviparus and were submitted to the same standardized conditions of body conformation, housing, feeding and procedures for pulmonary function testing. A significant increase of respiratory rate, minute ventilation, total pulmonary resistance and power of breathing and a significant decrease of tidal volume, dynamic lung compliance and PaO2 were observed in the infested animals. The absolute intrapleural pressure values were also significantly more negative. The conclusions of the statistical analysis were almost identical when predicted instead of measured pulmonary function values were used in the control group. The clinical, functional and pathological findings in the infested animals were all consistent with the picture of a lower airway obstructive disease. PMID- 3160452 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of coronary saphenous vein bypass grafts. AB - Between December 1981 and August 1983, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of saphenous vein grafts was performed in 14 men and 4 women, selected because of recurrent anginal symptoms and graft stenosis. The interval from bypass to angioplasty was 41 +/- 36 months. Of 24 lesions, 9 were at the proximal anastomosis, 13 in the distal segment and 2 in the middle segment of the vein graft. The primary success rate was 79%. Failure to cross the stenosis occurred in three patients and failure to dilate in one. The stenosis was reduced from a mean of 82% +/- 13% to 26% +/- 15%. No patient required emergency coronary artery bypass grafting but two underwent elective grafting after the angioplasty had failed. No patient sustained a Q-wave myocardial infarction and all who had a successful angioplasty were asymptomatic or much improved after the procedure. Angiographic follow-up was available in 12 of 14 patients (86%). Six patients had significant symptoms (Canadian Cardiovascular Society class II to III) and five of these had evidence of restenosis. Among the six patients who were asymptomatic, two had angiographic evidence of restenosis. The overall rate of restenosis was 58% (7 of 12). Repeat angioplasty was successful in three of the five patients in whom it was attempted. The authors conclude that percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of a saphenous vein graft for a localized area of stenosis is effective and safe, but there is a high rate of restenosis that possibly is due to intimal fibrous proliferation in saphenous vein grafts. PMID- 3160453 TI - Image enhancement in computerized tomography for sensitive diagnosis of liver cancer and semiquantitation of tumor selective drug targeting with oily contrast medium. AB - A new type of anticancer agent with an amphiphilic nature, poly(styrene-co-maleic acid)-conjugated neocarzinostatin (Smancs), was dissolved in lipid contrast medium Lipiodol (Smancs/Lpd, Gelbet Co., Paris, France). This medium was injected arterially and found to be an invaluable tool for highly sensitive computerized tomography (CT) image analysis of tumors. After the administration, CT images revealed high-density areas which corresponded to the location and size of liver cancer, the smallest being 4 mm in diameter. The deposition pattern of Smancs/Lpd in liver cancers by CT was classified into three types. In type A, Lipiodol was distributed relatively even in the tumor lesion, whereas in type B it was accumulated predominantly around the tumor's periphery although the central portion remaining low in density. A few cases exhibited type C pattern, which was a mixture of types A and B. Type A was found essentially in primary liver cancer, and types B and C in secondary liver cancer. Thus, the CT pattern was found to be useful for differential diagnosis. For a sufficient therapeutic effect, 0.08 ml of Smancs/Lpd per cm2 of the maximal CT cross-section of the tumor area was found to be necessary. As a routine protocol after Smancs/Lpd administration, CT scanning was recommended for primary liver cancer initially at 1 week and then once every month. Secondary liver cancer required more frequent CT follow-ups after the administration (on the third day, after 1 and 2 weeks, and every month) due to relatively rapid disappearance of the stain than in the primary liver cancer. PMID- 3160454 TI - Cutaneous postirradiation sarcoma. Ultrastructural evidence of pluripotential mesenchymal cell derivation. AB - A 75-year-old man developed synchronous multicentric cutaneous sarcomas and basal cell carcinoma of the face 57 years after receiving irradiation for acne. During the previous 30 years he had been treated many times for actinic keratoses and basal cell carcinomas. Surgical treatment had included total nasectomy, excision, and replacement of the skin of the upper and lower lips and the chin. Due to the multiplicity of morphologic patterns, it was difficult to subtype the sarcomas. Ultrastructural studies showed histiocyte-like, fibroblast-like and vasoformative cells suggesting an origin from a pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells. PMID- 3160455 TI - Nuclear DNA in intestinal carcinoid tumors. A study before and after cytotoxin (streptozotocin and 5-fluorouracil) treatment. AB - Imprint cytology specimens of metastases of intestinal carcinoids obtained by percutaneous biopsy were analysed cytofluorometrically with regard to nuclear DNA records. All untreated tumors (nine cases) exhibited diploid DNA values with a relatively low proliferative activity (less than 2% nuclei in S-phase region). The mean number of tetraploid cells was 5%. Cytofluorometry also was performed on five tumor metastases treated with the cytotoxin streptozotocin and 5 fluorouracil. After treatment, an increase in the number of tetraploid cells (mean value, 30%) was noted, indicating that the cytotoxin treatment (possibly streptozotocin) on the tumor cells in vivo blocked progression from G2 to M phase. The current cytofluorometric analyses show that diploid nuclear DNA records and a low proliferative activity is a characteristic of malignant carcinoid tumors of the intestine. Due to regular DNA histograms in the carcinoid tumors, it is suggested that reliable studies are permitted of the effect of cytotoxins on the different phases of the cell cycle in vivo. PMID- 3160456 TI - Differential gamma-interferon response of human colon carcinoma cells: inhibition of proliferation and modulation of immunogenicity as independent effects of gamma interferon on tumor cell growth. AB - The effect of recombinant gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) on established human colon carcinoma cell lines as well as fresh tumor cells from colon carcinoma patients has been investigated with respect to growth inhibition, enhancement of HLA expression, and modulation of immunogenicity. A direct antiproliferative activity of IFN-gamma was observed in five of seven cell lines tested, with a reduction of [3H]thymidine incorporation between 30 and 90%. Depending on the cell line, the IFN-gamma doses required for maximal inhibition varied between 20 and 2 X 10(4) units/ml. Independent of this effect, IFN-gamma enhanced the expression of HLA A,B,C antigens in all cells investigated and induced expression of HLA-DR in three of seven carcinoma cell lines. Antigenic modulation of Class I and II major histocompatibility complex antigens was paralleled by an enhancement of the in vitro immunogenicity in three of four established carcinoma lines and in three of three cases, using cells derived from primary tumor cultures. Induction or enhancement of both proliferative and cytolytic T-cell responses was obtained in allogeneic and in autologous mixed-lymphocyte tumor cell cultures. PMID- 3160457 TI - Rapid inhibition of intercellular communication between BALB/c 3T3 cells by diacylglycerol, a possible endogenous functional analogue of phorbol esters. AB - Intercellular communication between cultured cells is reversibly inhibited by phorbol ester tumor promoters, which have been shown to activate protein kinase C directly, replacing the role of diacylglycerol. In order to see whether a presumed endogenous functional analogue, a diacylglycerol, could inhibit intercellular communication in the same way as phorbol esters, we compared the effects of 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol (OAG) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA) on intercellular communication between BALB/c 3T3 cells, using a fluorescent dye transfer method. When cells were treated with OAG, dose-dependent inhibition of dye transfer between cells was observed, which was almost complete with OAG at 50 micrograms/ml. The effect was rapid, a maximal effect occurring within 30 min after addition. The inhibitory effect of both compounds was maintained for at least for 4 h when the cells were in the growing phase; thereafter, the capacity to transfer dye recovered gradually and then returned to the control level after 8 or 12 h of treatment with OAG or TPA, respectively. Further additions of OAG or TPA had no effect. When OAG was added to cultures during a refractory period produced by TPA, the culture was also refractory to OAG; however, TPA could induce at least 60% inhibition of dye transfer in cultures that had been made refractory to OAG. However, when cultures that had been made refractory to TPA were washed and then OAG was added, it induced extensive inhibition of dye transfer at any time after removal of TPA, whereas addition of TPA to the culture caused no significant reinhibition by 6 h and was detectable only 9 h after removal of TPA. These results indicate that OAG can inhibit dye transfer in a similar manner to TPA, suggesting that activation of protein kinase C may be a mechanism by which phorbol esters inhibit intercellular communication. Our results also suggest that there is some difference between the mechanisms by which OAG and TPA inhibit intercellular communication. PMID- 3160459 TI - Competitive protein-binding assay for trimetrexate. AB - A competitive protein-binding assay has been developed for trimetrexate (TMTX) based on the tight binding of this drug to human dihydrofolate reductase (tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase). In this assay, TMTX competes with 3H methotrexate for binding to the enzyme. Free drug is separated from that bound to reductase by adsorption with dextran-albumin-coated charcoal. TMTX is measurable over a range from 2 X 10(-9) to 5 X 10(-8) M in plasma, with a coefficient of variation of less than 10%. Measurements of TMTX in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine agreed closely with parallel determinations in aqueous solutions. PMID- 3160458 TI - Immunosuppression in homosexual men seronegative for HTLV-III. AB - Clinical, microbiological, and lifestyle patterns in homosexual men showing in vitro immunological abnormalities were studied and related to the susceptibility to human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection. In a cohort of male homosexual volunteers in Finland, 90% were HTLV-III antibody negative. Ten % of the HTLV-III negative cases showed decreased T-helper/suppressor cell ratios, mostly due to elevated numbers of T-suppressor cells. In this immunosuppressed group, more signs of diarrhea, intestinal giardiasis, genital warts, and hepatitis B were observed than in the other HTLV-III antibody-negative study subjects. The type of sexual practice was not associated with the in vitro immune abnormalities. During a follow-up of up to 16 months, 4 initially HTLV-III antibody negative cases showed seroconversion. Three of these had inverted T helper/suppressor cell ratios prior to the seroconversion. It is concluded that persons showing in vitro immunosuppression are more susceptible to HTLV-III infection when being exposed to the virus or else alteration in T-cell subsets signals a pre-antibody-positive or early phase of HTLV-III infection. PMID- 3160460 TI - Hemolytic anemia associated with antineoplastic agents. AB - Hemolytic anemia is an uncommon, but important, complication following the administration of antineoplastic agents. Three types of hemolytic anemia have been reported: microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, immune hemolytic anemia, and oxidative hemolysis. Physicians should be alert to the possibility of this adverse effect in any patient who has a sudden or unexplained drop in hemoglobin concentration while undergoing cancer chemotherapy. If the hemolytic anemia is not recognized and allowed to continue, the consequences may prove to be fatal. PMID- 3160461 TI - Selective cytotoxicity of 5-hydroxyuridine for human colon adenocarcinoma cells. AB - The cytotoxicity of 5-hydroxyuridine (OHUrd), 5-FU, and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine was determined by colony assays for three human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines and for a cell line derived from normal fetal intestinal cells. All three tumor cell lines were more sensitive to OHUrd than were the FeInt cells, whereas 5-FU was more toxic to the latter. 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine was substantially more cytotoxic to only one of the tumor cell lines compared to the normal cells. In HT-29 tumor cells, OHUrd cytotoxicity could be prevented by coincubation with uridine or cytidine but not by pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides or by purine nucleosides. Compared to OHUrd, 5-hydroxyuracil was much less cytotoxic for HT-29 cells. The increased cytotoxicity of OHUrd for these tumor cells compared to fetal intestinal cells may implicate biochemical differences that might be exploitable for improved chemotherapy. Direct comparison of drug sensitivity of colon tumor cells compared to normal counterpart cells may provide a method of screening agents selective for these tumor cells. PMID- 3160462 TI - Effect of cisplatin on organic ion transport in membrane vesicles from rat kidney cortex. AB - Purified renal membrane vesicles were utilized to gain indirect information regarding the renal handling of cisplatin. The effects of cisplatin on prototypical organic anion (p-amino-hippurate, PAH) and cation (N1 methylnicotinamide; tetraethylammonium, TEA) transport in brush border and basolateral membrane vesicles prepared from rat kidney cortex were observed. While cisplatin inhibited organic cation transport (N1-methylnicotinamide; TEA) in brush border and basolateral membranes, no interaction with the organic anion (p-amino-hippurate) system was observed. Kinetic analyses revealed that cisplatin is a competitive inhibitor of TEA transport in brush border membranes with a ki of 0.12 mM. While the relationship between organic cation transport inhibition and cisplatin nephrotoxicity is unknown, it may suggest that the cisplatin complex itself is transported into the kidney by the organic cation system. The reported effect of the organic anion, probenecid, on the renal handling of cisplatin is discussed in light of these results. PMID- 3160465 TI - Isolation of beta-hexosaminidase isoenzymes from annelids by phenyl boronate agarose chromatography. PMID- 3160463 TI - Transluminal dilatation of the subclavian artery. AB - Transluminal dilatation of seven left subclavian arteries and one right subclavian artery was attempted in seven patients. Dilatation was successful in four left subclavian arteries and the single right subclavian artery treated. Five of the patients suffered from cerebral symptoms as well as ischemia of the upper limb, one had only cerebral symptoms and another had only arm claudication. All patients also had significantly reduced systolic blood pressures in the brachial artery. Standard techniques for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) were employed, using the femoral route six times and the axillary route four times. No complications occurred. All patients were permanently given a maintenance dose of antiplatelet treatment with dipyridamole 75 mg tds after PTA. Follow-up of up to 36 months, indicates that angioplasty can be accomplished in the stenosed subclavian artery with relatively little hazard. Patients with hemodynamically significant stenoses should be considered for PTA if their symptoms and signs warrant such therapy. PMID- 3160466 TI - Effect of isoproterenol on the kinetic properties of (Ca2+, Mg2+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) from rat cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3160464 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid artery: one year clinical and morphological follow-up. AB - A case of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) of the internal carotid artery was treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) using a Gruntzig balloon. A control angiographic study performed with intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV DSA) showed a completely patent dilated vessel. This result, together with the total relief of clinical signs and symptoms, is evidence of the value of PTA in the treatment of FMD of the internal carotid artery. PMID- 3160467 TI - [Natriuretic factor from the heart atria]. PMID- 3160468 TI - Morphological studies of polycystic mouse ovaries induced by dehydroepiandrosterone. AB - Morphological alterations induced by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) were studied in polycystic mouse ovaries (PCO). Treated mice showed ovulatory failure and cystic changes; cysts and follicles in various stages of growth and atresia were present although corpora lutea were absent. The levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, 3 alpha- and 3 beta-androstanediol, estrone and androstenedione increased, whereas estradiol was not detectable. The ultrastructure of granulosa cells in healthy and atretic follicles was similar to that of control animals, although the membrana granulosa in cysts was reduced to a monolayer of flattened cells. The theca interna of healthy and atretic follicles and ovarian cysts showed ultrastructural signs of abnormal steroidogenic stimulation. No significant differences (0.7 less than P less than 0.8) were found between the extensive surface area of gap junctions of healthy follicles of control and DHA-treated animals. On the P-face of granulosa cells of large healthy follicles, meandering strands of tight junctional particles were observed; their average length was significantly longer than those in healthy follicles of control animals (P less than 0.001). This increase was probably related to the large amounts of androgens present in the treated animals. Theca interna cells possessed small gap junctions; no significant differences (P greater than 0.9) in gap-junction surface area were observed between DHA-treated and control animals. These results suggest that the size of gap junctions is probably unrelated to the steroidogenic activities of theca cells. PMID- 3160469 TI - Sickle-cell membrane-bound (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase: activation by 3,4-dihydro-2,2 dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-6-butyric acid, a novel antisickling agent. AB - The effects of 3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-6-butyric acid (DBA), an antisickling agent, on the rates of Ca2+-dependent ATP hydrolysis by the human red cell (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase, have been studied in membranes (normal and sickle cell) stripped of endogenous calmodulin. The activity of the enzyme is increased by DBA in a manner which is dependent on both the concentrations of DBA and Ca2+. At 37 degrees C, the normal red cell (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity is stimulated maximally by 133% in the presence of 1 mM DBA and 0.2 mM CaCl2, while the sickle cell enzyme is stimulated maximally by 81% in the presence of 0.5 mM DBA and 0.2 mM CaCl2. The stimulation of the enzyme in both systems is antagonized by increasing the CaCl2 concentration in the medium to 0.5 mM, in contrast to the well established mode of activation by the modulator protein, calmodulin. This suggests that the two effectors, DBA and calmodulin, probably act by different mechanisms. From our present observations, we suggest that the antisickling effect of DBA may be connected with the mobilization of calcium within red cells. PMID- 3160470 TI - Erythrocyte cytosolic free Ca2+ and plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase activity in cystic fibrosis. AB - The properties of the Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase of erythrocyte membranes from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) were extensively compared to that of healthy controls. Following removal of an endogenous membrane inhibitor of the ATPase, activation of the enzyme by Ca2+, calmodulin, limited tryptic digestion or oleic acid, as well as inhibition by trifluoperazine, were studied. The only properties found to be significantly different (CF cells vs controls) were calmodulin-stimulated peak activity (90 vs 101, P less than 0.02) and trypsin-activated peak activity (92 vs 102, P less than 0.02). No significant difference could be measured in the steady state Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of CF and control erythrocyte membranes indicating similar numbers of enzyme molecules per cell. The functional state of Ca2+ homeostasis in intact erythrocytes was investigated by measuring the resting cytosolic free Ca2+ levels using quin-2. Both CF and control erythrocytes maintained cytosolic free Ca2+ between 20 to 30 nM. Addition of 50 uM trifluoperazine resulted in an increase in erythrocyte cytosolic free Ca2+ to about 50 nM in both CF and control cells. Estimates of erythrocyte membrane permeability using the steady-state uptake of 45Ca into intact erythrocytes revealed no differences between CF and control cells. These results confirm that there is a small decrease in the calmodulin-stimulated activity of the erythrocyte Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase in CF. However, this deficit is apparently not large enough to impair the ability of the CF erythrocyte to maintain normal resting levels of cytosolic free Ca2+. PMID- 3160471 TI - CSF beta-EP in headache and depression. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of beta-endorphin (beta-EP) were measured in 9 migraineurs with interparoxysmal headache (MIH), in 13 patients with major depression in an active phase (5 suffered from MIH), and in 16 age-matched controls. beta-EP was measured by specific RIA after gel-chromatography. While beta-EP levels of depressed patients (58.5 +/- 21.0 fmol/ml, M +/- SD) were similar to those of controls (65.8 +/- 26.6), those of migraineurs (15.0 +/- 11.1) were significantly reduced (p less than 0.01). In depressed patients also suffering from MIH, beta-EP concentrations (22.8 +/- 7.2, p less than 0.05) were half those reported in depressed patients without pain problems. The reduced CSF beta-EP levels in patients whose headache and depression coexist support the notion that this neuropeptide is concerned with chronic pain, independently of the affective state. PMID- 3160472 TI - Drugs and platelet activation in migraine and transient ischemic attacks. AB - In order to study the role of platelets in migraine and cerebrovascular disease, beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) plasma levels, indices of in vivo platelet activation, were assayed in two groups of patients suffering from migraine (common/classic and classic/complicated migraine, respectively) and in one group suffering from transitory ischemic attacks (TIAs). Plasma determinations were carried out in the absence of treatment and during the administration of aspirin (50 mg/daily) and flunarizine (10 mg/daily). Platelet activation was found in patients suffering from TIA; patients affected by classic and complicated migraine showed a high incidence of activation, in comparison with common migraine sufferers, also in headache-free periods. Administration of aspirin (ASA) was more effective than flunarizine in inducing a decrease in beta TG and PF4 plasma levels in migraineurs. Aspirin, however, did not affect platelet activation in subjects suffering from ischemic attack even though we did not observe any relapse after one year of treatment. The different effect of ASA in TIAs and migraine indicates that the platelet activation in TIA patients is due not only to cyclo-oxygenase pathway but also to other in vivo pathways. PMID- 3160474 TI - Hemorheological factors in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic cerebrovascular disease. AB - The hemorheologic changes in three groups of patients suffering from acute and chronic cerebrovascular diseases were studied. Firstly, a horizontal study on 57 patients with definite stroke and on 49 patients with TIA was made. Plasma viscosity, whole blood filtration rate, fibrinogen concentration and hematocrit were evaluated as markers of the rheological property of blood. Blood samples were drawn within 6 h from the onset of vascular syndrome. The findings were compared with values obtained in 112 as controls. At the same time, washed red cell filtration rate, together with lactoferrin, betaglucuronidase and beta thromboglobulin plasma level were assayed. In both groups the onset of the vascular storm was associated with a marked increase of plasma fibrinogen and of blood and plasma viscosity and a significant decrease of whole blood filterability. Lactoferrin, betaglucuronidase and beta-thromboglobulin levels were also significantly increased. Following this, a longitudinal study was performed on 27 patients with definite stroke and 32 patients with TIA. The clinical regression of acute stroke was associated with the progressive reduction of rheological abnormalities. Finally, 81 patients with clinical diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease due to previous stroke or repeated TIA were studied together. An increase of blood viscosity, of fibrinogen concentration and of hematocrit and a decrease of blood filtration rate together with higher levels of beta-thromboglobulin were registered. These results confirm the existence of an association between CVD and hemorheological alterations and suggest more in depth research directed towards identifying the significance of these alterations in the pathogenesis of tissue ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3160473 TI - Neuroendocrine effects of flunarizine treatment in postmenopausal women. AB - Flunarizine (10 mg/day for 60 days) was given to eight postmenopausal women with common migraine. Plasma LH pulsatility fluctuation, peripheral concentrations of prolactin (PRL), cortisol, beta-endorphin (beta-EP), beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH) and Pain Total Index (PTI) were evaluated before and after treatment. PTI was significantly reduced by flunarizine, which did not affect beta-LPH, beta-EP and cortisol plasma levels. On the contrary, both PRL values and amplitude, and length of LH pulses had increased at the end of treatment. Flunarizine reduced head pain in postmenopausal women. However, the enhancement of both PRL and LH release indicates that this calcium antagonist might interfere with the dopaminergic tonus. PMID- 3160475 TI - Evidence of enhanced platelet aggregation and platelet sensitivity in migraine patients. AB - In fourteen untreated migraine patients with a mean age of 40 years platelet sensitivity to 5HT, EN and ADP was investigated during the prodromal phase (three patients), 12-48 h after headache (three patients) and during the headache-free period (eight patients). Platelet sensitivity was tested using an optical density method and was calculated by the percentage of disaggregation (%DA) occurring 3 min after the peak aggregation. Platelet release reaction was assessed using beta thromboglobulin (beta-TG) as an indicator. Platelet sensitivity to low concentrations of 5HT, EN and ADP (0.3 X 10(-9) M/ml) was most marked during the headache and prodromal phases. The least platelet sensitivity in migraineurs was detected during the headache-free interval, but was still higher than in the control group. beta-TG levels were increased during the headache phase indicating platelet release reaction. A general hyperaggregability of platelets in migraineurs has been demonstrated and in addition a varying sensibility of platelets to low concentrations of 5HT, EN and ADP has been established. PMID- 3160476 TI - Platelet function in childhood migraine. AB - Platelet function in vitro and in vivo (ADP-induced platelet aggregation, circulating platelet aggregates, beta-thromboglobulin plasma levels) has been studied in children with common migraine, in headache-free intervals. Migraine patients demonstrated increased circulating platelet aggregates when compared with controls. Moreover, two of ten patients had pathological beta thromboglobulin levels. These data indicate that in some children with migraine there is an abnormality of platelet function during headache-free periods. PMID- 3160477 TI - Failure of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty to stimulate platelet and prostaglandin activity. AB - Platelet function and prostaglandin activity were evaluated in nine patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous left anterior descending coronary artery angioplasty (PTCA) and compared to nine normal controls. Transcoronary measurements (arterial-coronary sinus) of platelet counts, mean platelet volume, platelet factor 4 (PF4), beta thromboglobulin, thromboxane (B2), and 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha were made. When compared to normal controls, the patients with coronary artery disease had higher circulating baseline levels of PF4 in the coronary sinus. There was no transcardiac production of any factor at baseline or immediately after infusion of nitroglycerin or performance of PTCA. These results suggest that PTCA does not grossly alter arachidonic acid metabolism or platelet activity. PMID- 3160478 TI - Resolution of congestive failure, mitral regurgitation, and angina after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of triple vessel disease. AB - Congestive heart failure, unstable angina, and moderate mitral regurgitation improved after double-vessel angioplasty in a 41-year-old woman who was considered inoperable because of high risk of bypass surgery. With the concomitant use of balloon counterpulsation, angioplasty reduced the cross sectional stenosis in the left anterior descending coronary artery from 98 to 20% and in the left circumflex coronary artery from 90 to 0%. The right coronary artery was completely occluded and angioplasty was not attempted. The ejection fraction was 17% prior to angioplasty and 50% 2 months later at follow-up. PMID- 3160480 TI - Relief of pressure damping during coronary angioplasty: a device for creating side holes in PTCA guiding catheters. AB - Percutaneous coronary angioplasty guiding catheters occasionally wedge in the coronary orifice and obstruct blood flow, making completion of the balloon dilatation difficult. Side holes may be made in the catheter, but when created free-hand may not be ideal. This report describes a device for creating side holes of small size, with uniform shape, and without rough edges. The disadvantages of dye extravasation and loss of strength in the catheter are minimized. PMID- 3160479 TI - The radiographic appearance of arterial sheath kinking. AB - A case of arterial sheath kinking is reported. Radiographically, sheath kinking has some features which mimic sheath fracture. The radiographic appearance of sheath kinking is, however, distinctive and clearly separable from sheath fracture, the hallmark of which is extravasation of contrast at the fracture site. PMID- 3160481 TI - The stereostructure of knots and catenanes produced by phage lambda integrative recombination: implications for mechanism and DNA structure. AB - We studied the mechanism of recombination by determining the structure of the products of the phage lambda Int system. Electron microscopy of RecA-coated products revealed only knots and catenanes containing a regular right-handed spiral structure. The structure and distribution of products establish that the recombination sites pair by essentially random collision, rather than by tracking. However, the distribution also indicates that the binding of the enzyme must introduce nonrandom components into the reaction and stabilize at least two additional supercoils that become links in the product. Moreover, the regularity of the structures indicates that the strand exchange is accomplished in a very simple way, introducing only a single link into the product. All other links result from the direct conversion of substrate supercoils into knot and catenane links. These supercoils must be in a right-handed, braided form, rather than solenoidally wound as in nucleosomes. PMID- 3160482 TI - A multicomponent complex is involved in the splicing of messenger RNA precursors. AB - A multicomponent complex termed spliceosome (splicing body) is unique to the splicing of messenger RNA precursors in vitro. This 60S RNA-protein complex contains RNAs from the previously characterized bipartite splicing intermediate, the 5' exon RNA, and the lariat intervening sequence-3' exon RNA, as well as some intact 455 nucleotide precursor RNA. This complex contains snRNPs, particularly U1 RNP, as shown by immunoprecipitation with specific antisera. Formation of the 60S complex appears to be an early and essential step in splicing, because the 60S complex forms during the early stage, or lag time, of the reaction before the first covalent modification, cleavage at the 5' splice site of precursor RNA. The 60S complex forms only under conditions that permit splicing; both ATP and a precursor RNA containing authentic 5' and 3' splice sites are required for formation, while antiserum specific for U1 RNP inhibits its formation. RNA within the 60S complex, predominantly precursor RNA, was chased into products with accelerated kinetics and more complete conversion than purified precursor RNA. PMID- 3160484 TI - The medically compromised patient in the dental office. PMID- 3160483 TI - Stepwise assembly of a pre-mRNA splicing complex requires U-snRNPs and specific intron sequences. AB - We have investigated the early events of pre-mRNA splicing in vitro by sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis. Time course experiments revealed the assembly, in two steps, of a large (50S) pre-mRNA splicing complex, preceded by formation of two other complexes that sediment at approximately 22S and 35S. Pre-mRNA and the intermediates and products of the in vitro splicing reaction cosediment with the 50S complex, while only pre-mRNA is associated with the 22S and 35S complexes. No splicing is observed in the absence of a 50S complex. Formation of the 50S complex requires ATP, whereas formation of the 22S and 35S complexes does not. U-snRNPs are necessary for assembly of the 35S and the 50S complexes but not for assembly of the 22S complex. Analysis with mutant substrate RNAs demonstrated that a polypyrimidine stretch near the 3' splice site and an intact 5' splice site are absolutely required for splicing complex formation. PMID- 3160485 TI - Immunization of susceptible BALB/c mice against Leishmania braziliensis. I. Resistance induced using as immunogen adherent or nonadherent cells from infected mice. AB - Strategies to produce resistance to infection with Leishmania braziliensis in BALB/c mice are described. Mice infected with virulent parasites were used as spleen cell donors (adherent/nonadherent cells) with which to immunize naive recipients which were themselves later challenged with the organism. Immunization with both adherent and nonadherent spleen cells (but not serum) in the presence of adjuvant led to protection. In the former case it seems that an immunogenic form of parasite antigen presented in the context of MAC-1+ adherent cells was responsible. In contrast immunization with nonadherent spleen cells depended upon the presence of Thy-1.2+ Lyt-1+ cells in the spleen cell preparation from infected animals. Immunization with adherent cells, but not with nonadherent cells, led to the development of a population of Thy-1.2+ spleen cells capable of adoptively transferring resistance to naive mice. PMID- 3160486 TI - T-cell function in B-lymphocyte-deprived mice. AB - Previous work has identified selective defect(s) in T cells in mice deprived of B lymphocytes by the chronic administration of anti-IgM antibody. Experiments described in the present communication revealed that anti-IgM-treated mice do not possess T cells with surface Ia and FcR, and, unlike T cells from normal animals, they also fail to bind these molecules in vitro. Functional assays disclosed that an anti-suppressor pathway which relies on Ia+ donor and acceptor T cells is interrupted in these mice at both levels. These observations may provide an insight to explain the selective failure of some T cells when B lymphocytes have been deleted. PMID- 3160487 TI - Induction of IgE-secreting cells and IgE isotype-specific suppressor T cells in the respiratory lymph nodes of rats in response to antigen inhalation. AB - Repeated exposure of high-IgE-responder Brown Norway (BN) rats to an aerosol of ovalbumin (OVA) once weekly triggered progressively increasing levels of OVA specific IgG in serum. In contrast, responses in the IgE class were transient, declining from peak titers during the third week to background levels by Week 5, despite continuing aerosol exposure. Subsequent parenteral challenge of these animals revealed a state of antigen- and IgE isotype-specific tolerance. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes or pooled respiratory tract lymph node (RTLN) cells from aerosol-exposed animals to naive rats abrogated subsequent OVA-specific primary IgE responses in the recipients, but did not affect specific IgG responses, and kinetic studies indicated that these suppressor cells arose first in the RTLN. Transfer studies employing individual lymph node groups which constituted the RTLN pool pinpointed the superficial cervical nodes, which drain the uppermost portion of the respiratory tract, as the major source of suppressor cells. Fractionation of cell populations before adoptive transfer employing monoclonal antibodies directed against T-cell markers, defined a population of suppressor cells generated by aerosol exposure which expressed both the W3/13 (pan T-cell) and OX8 (cytotoxic/suppressor T-cell) antigens, but which was negative for the W3/25 (helper T-cell) marker. Analysis of the IgE and IgG responses induced by OVA inhalation was performed employing the ELISA plaque technique, recently developed in this laboratory. These studies revealed the parathymic and posterior mediastinal nodes draining the lower lung, as the major sites of specific IgE and IgG production; smaller numbers of OVA-specific IgG-secreting cells (but none secreting specific IgE) were detected in the nodes draining the upper respiratory tract, while antibody secretion outside the respiratory tract was restricted to comparatively few cells in the spleen. The ELISA plaque assay was also employed to enumerate total numbers of cells secreting the IgE isotype in aerosol-exposed and control rats, employing samples from 10 different lymphoid organs. Approximately 50% of the IgE-secreting cells in these animals were localized in RTLN, as opposed to 25% in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. These data are discussed in relation to the pivotal role of respiratory-tract associated lymphoid tissues in regulation of IgE responses to aeroallergens. PMID- 3160488 TI - Ongoing hapten-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity prevents generation of cytolytic T lymphocytes to the same hapten. AB - Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for trinitrophenyl (TNP)-altered self antigens can be generated in vivo through the simultaneous injection of TNP modified syngeneic spleen cells and H-2-compatible, minor histocompatibility locus (Mls)-disparate auxiliary spleen cells into the footpads of mice. The latter stimulates host helper cells to produce differentiative and proliferative signals required for the generation of CTL. Advent of this protocol allowed investigation of the initiation of two different cell-mediated immune responses, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and the generation of CTL, in the same experimental animal. Mice presensitized for CTL were able to develop DTH as well as normal controls. However, when mice were first sensitized for DTH, they were thereafter incapable of generating CTL. This effect was hapten specific, relatively long lasting, and preventable by treating mice with cyclophosphamide before sensitizing for DTH. Adoptive transfer of lymphoid cells from DTH-immune mice conferred DTH reactivity upon naive recipients but not a suppressed CTL response. Therefore, cells mediating DTH were not responsible for suppression of CTL. The mechanism for suppression has been discussed from the viewpoint of the suppressor-T-cell circuits that are known to be generated when animals are sensitized for DTH and which are susceptible to treatment with cyclophosphamide. PMID- 3160489 TI - Allocation of the suppressive activity of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by diffusion chamber culture and Con A stimulation to the G2 phase of the cell cycle. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated either by diffusion chamber culture or by a high Con A concentration exhibit suppressive activity under conditions where no increase in cell number takes place. Instead an accumulation of large cells is observed which, according to their DNA contents, are classified as cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. By elutriation separation the suppressive activity is shown to be confined to this cell cycle phase. PMID- 3160490 TI - Infection of mice with Newcastle disease virus inhibits the T suppressor afferent cell circuit which regulates contact sensitivity to picryl chloride. AB - The interaction between Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and the suppressor cell circuit which regulates the induction phase of contact sensitivity reaction to picryl chloride (Pcl) was investigated. NDV infection impairs the activity of the T suppressor afferent cells (Ts-aff) which inhibit DNA synthesis in the draining lymph nodes of mice specifically sensitized with Pcl and the development of contact sensitivity. The inhibitory effect of NDV was evident when the virus was administered up to 2 days before or at the same time as the injection of picrylsulfonic acid; this effect required infectious virus, as NDV inactivated by ultraviolet irradiation failed to inhibit Ts-aff activity. Taken together with the previous finding that the T suppressor efferent cell is unaffected by NDV, the present results support the view that contact sensitivity reaction to picryl chloride is regulated by two distinct T-suppressor-cell circuits. PMID- 3160491 TI - [The development of epidemiology and microbiology in the past 40 years (1945 1985)]. PMID- 3160492 TI - [Comparison of immunogenic and reactogenic properties of various types of vaccinating substances against rubella]. PMID- 3160493 TI - [Dissemination of trombiculiasis in Prague and the surrounding recreational areas]. PMID- 3160494 TI - [Enteroinvasive serotypes of Escherichia coli]. PMID- 3160495 TI - [Differences in the production of temperate bacteriophages in lysogenic strains of Salmonella enteritidis and Citrobacter]. PMID- 3160496 TI - [Evaluation of the atmosphere in clean areas in health facilities]. PMID- 3160497 TI - [Salmonellae detected in autopsied pigs in Slovakia 1971-1980]. PMID- 3160498 TI - [Detection of Iodonal B in surface disinfection]. PMID- 3160499 TI - [The significance of sheep in the epidemiology of Q fever in Slovakia]. PMID- 3160501 TI - [Growth and sporulation of dermatophytes in an unusual environment]. PMID- 3160500 TI - [Antibacterial activity and clinical use of Noxyflex-S]. PMID- 3160502 TI - [Bipolar coagulation in surgical laparoscopy]. PMID- 3160503 TI - [The HLA system and psychiatry (analysis of results)]. PMID- 3160505 TI - Housing circumstances and standards of families with disabled children. AB - Research on the impact of a disabled child on family resources suggests that housing standards are likely to be lower for these families than for other families. This article attempts to assess the extent to which this is actually the case. The article employs data from a nationally representative sample of disabled children and compares their housing standards according to five criteria with those of a control sample. Families with disabled children were found to be significantly more likely than control families to be living in local authority housing, more likely to be living in overcrowded accommodation and less likely to have central heating and certain consumer durables in the household. PMID- 3160504 TI - Mechanism of adrenal suppression by high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate in breast cancer patients. AB - To investigate the mechanism of adrenal suppression by high-dose MPA, we performed direct and indirect stimulation tests in postmenopausal women with disseminated breast cancer who were receiving MPA and in a postmenopausal breast cancer control group. A partial adrenal insufficiency was found during Synacthen stimulation, confirmed by a slight increase of 11-desoxycortisol after metyrapone, despite a sufficient rise in ACTH levels. Peak levels of androstenedione and 17-OH progesterone after Synacthen correlated with those after metyrapone. Peak cortisol levels after Synacthen also correlated with the sum of cortisol and 11-desoxycortisol values after metyrapone, indicating the presence of a maximum adrenal response and a sufficient rise of endogenous ACTH after metyrapone. As the peak levels of cortisol and androstenedione were highly correlated with baseline values, a short Synacthen stimulation test may give a good indication as to whether adrenal suppression by MPA is adequate. The adrenal androgen androstenedione is the precursor of the main postmenopausal oestrogen, oestrone. In this way, adrenal suppression may constitute an important therapeutic effect of high-dose MPA. PMID- 3160506 TI - The radiographic assessment of coronary blood flow parameters. PMID- 3160507 TI - Influence of intimal dissection on restenosis after successful coronary angioplasty. AB - We studied 986 patients who underwent follow-up angiography after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) to determine the influence of uncomplicated intimal dissection on restenosis rate. Angiographic evidence of intimal dissection after PTCA was present in 248 patients or 25%. After a mean follow-up time of 7 +/- 5 months (SD) the restenosis rate in patients without intimal dissection was 30% compared with 24% in patients with intimal dissection (p = .08). Patients with available transstenotic pressure gradients were divided according to the hemodynamic result into two subgroups: those with final gradients at the conclusion of PTCA of 15 mm Hg or less (n = 638) and those with gradients greater than 15 mm Hg (n = 244). Patients with intimal dissection had a significantly lower restenosis rate than patients without intimal dissection if the final gradient was 15 mm Hg or less (19% vs 28%; p less than .05). If the final gradient was greater than 15 mm Hg, the presence or absence of intimal dissection had no significant influence on restenosis rate, which was 35% and 39%, respectively (p = NS). We conclude that an uncomplicated intimal dissection after a successful coronary angioplasty has no adverse influence on angiographic restenosis. An excellent angiographic long-term outcome can be expected if the intimal dissection is associated with a favorable hemodynamic result. PMID- 3160508 TI - Premenarcheal endocrine changes in relation to age at menarche. AB - Pubertal development preceding menarche in normal girls having menarche at a relatively early age (11.3-12.9 years) was compared with the development of girls having menarche later (13.0-14.9 years of age). Eighty-four premenarcheal girls, 7.3-14.3 years old, were examined and their age at menarche was recorded during this longitudinal study. Girls with early menarche had a larger increase in serum oestradiol at about 10 years of chronological age, and after that age the concentrations remained higher than in girls having later menarche. Serum FSH concentrations tended to be slightly higher at the onset of puberty in the former group, even before differences in serum oestradiol concentrations were observed. Pubertal development was faster in girls having early menarche, as indicated by the significantly shorter time from both breast and public hair stage 2 to menarche. This rapid sequence can be related to the higher oestradiol levels. A dissociation between gonadarche and adrenarche was evident. The oestradiol/dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) ratio was higher in girls developing early menarche. Around the onset of puberty (9.0-11.5 years of age) there was a complete lack of correlation between serum DHEA concentrations and age at menarche, whereas serum FSH and oestradiol concentrations displayed strong correlations with age at menarche. The present data support the view that girls with early menarche have a more profound decrease in the sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary unit to the negative feed-back of circulating steroids. PMID- 3160509 TI - Secretory patterns of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) by cultured cardiocytes of right and left atrium from newborn and adult rats. AB - Atrial cardiocytes from newborn (2-5 day old) and adult rats were cultured and the secretory patterns of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) from isolated right and left atrial cells were investigated by radioimmunoassay. Newborn atrial cardiocytes from the left atrium consistently secreted larger amounts of ANF than those from the right with a peak on the 6th day and a decrease up to the 12th day. In contrast, adult atrial cardiocytes secreted much less ANF and this decreased to very low levels from the 3rd day up to the 12th day in culture although ANF was present in measurable amounts in these cells. PMID- 3160510 TI - Symposium on atrial natriuretic factor: emergence of a new cardiovascular regulatory system. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November 19, 1984. PMID- 3160511 TI - Emergence of a new cardiovascular control system: atrial natriuretic factor. An introduction. PMID- 3160512 TI - Coincident change of cellular function and phenotype in the course of a suppressor T cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - The phenotypic and functional characteristics of the leukaemic cells from one patient with T suppressor ALL were studied at the time of diagnosis and in relapse. At the time of diagnosis, the phenotype corresponded to the intermediate stage between the cortical and medullary phases of normal thymocyte differentiation with a high proportion of T8+ cells (E-R+, TdT+, C3bR-, T3-, T4-, T6+, T8++, T10+). Functionally, the cells did not respond to mitogens but mediated strong suppressor activity to allogeneic B-cells, as measured in a reversely haemolytic plaque test. Clinically, the patient exhibited the uncommon feature of hypogammaglobulinaemia. Induction therapy led to complete remission, which continued for 12 months. In the relapse, the phenotype remained essentially stable except for a dramatic decrease of the T8+ cell fraction and an increase of the T10+ cell fraction. Functionally, the suppressor activity was completely lost, indicating a close correlation between phenotype and functional activity in this leukaemic cell population. PMID- 3160513 TI - Deficient immune function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with Gardner syndrome. AB - Genetic susceptibility to certain cancers is recognized as a contributor to malignancy in man and experimental animals. Colorectal adenocarcinoma associated with Gardner syndrome is considered to be a hereditary form of cancer in which family members are at increased risk because they inherit an autosomal dominant gene for adenomas of the colorectum. The adenomas, if untreated, transform into adenocarcinoma. The purpose of the current study was to characterize immune function in patients with Gardner syndrome since reports exist of immune defects in patients with other forms of hereditary cancer. An analysis of the ability of lymphocytes from the patients to be stimulated by the T cell mitogens, phytohaemmaglutinin and concanavalin A, revealed severely depressed responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from all of the patients studied. A depressed response by patient PBMC to the B cell mitogen, pokeweed mitogen, also was observed but the extent of depression was not statistically significant. Natural killer (NK) cell activity of the patients was studied to determine if a possible genetic defect in this function is associated with Gardner syndrome. PBMC from half of the patients had marginally depressed NK cell function. An enumeration of patient cells revealed a significantly lower ratio of T4 (helper) to T8 (suppressor) T cells, but normal percentages of rosette forming, 7.2 (Ia) positive and Leu 11 positive (NK) cells. PMID- 3160514 TI - The change in C3b receptors on erythrocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A deficiency of C3b receptors (CR1) on erythrocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has already been reported and assumed to be one of the causes of the impaired immune complex clearing function found in these patients. In the present study, we developed a functional assay to quantify the amount of CR1 on human erythrocytes. Sample erythrocytes were reacted with tetanus toxoid anti-tetanus toxoid immune complexes (IC) in the presence of complement. The amount of CR1 was expressed as the amount of IC bound to sample erythrocytes. Determination of CR1 showed a decrease in erythrocytes from patients with SLE, rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue diseases. The activity of CR1 in erythrocytes from patients with SLE changed in parallel with complement activity and also reflected the clinical status of two of three patients. These results imply that the reduction of CR1 found in SLE patients might be cause not only by hereditary factors but by unknown factors that influence the amount or function of CR1. PMID- 3160515 TI - Predominance of T lymphocytes in pancreatic islets and spleen of pre-diabetic non obese diabetic (NOD) mice: a longitudinal study. AB - We examined sequential changes in the subsets of mononuclear cells infiltrating the pancreatic islets and splenic lymphocytes in pre-diabetic non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, an animal model for type I diabetes, using immunofluorescent techniques. In the pancreas, a predominant infiltration by activated T lymphocytes, including helper inducer and cytotoxic suppressor T cells, was observed in the early stage of insulitis. Natural killer cells were also detected in the lesions. Immunoglobulin bearing cells tended to increase in number with the progression of insulitis. T lymphocytes were localized close to islet cells, while immunoglobulin bearing cells appeared adjacent to blood vessels and around T cell clusters. Immunoglobulin deposition or Ia expression on islet cells was not observed. The percentage of splenic T lymphocytes was markedly increased in the initial stage of insulitis as compared with control ICR mice and this elevated proportion of T cells continued throughout the observation period. As for splenic T cell subsets, cytotoxic suppressor T cells were increased in NOD mice. These results suggest that T lymphocytes play an important role in the initiation of insulitis long before the onset of overt diabetes. Moreover, NOD mice seem to have characteristic immunological features different from the BB rat or a reported case with human type I diabetes. PMID- 3160516 TI - Anesthetic emergencies. PMID- 3160518 TI - Antigen presenting cells and bone allotransplantation. AB - Antigen presenting cells may have a direct bearing on the results of allotransplantation of bone. There is no doubt that these cells are neither T nor B lymphocytes and that they do reside in the bone marrow. Evidence suggests that these bone marrow cells are of the granulocyte lineage and that they initiate immunologic reactions in vitro. The removal of bone marrow that contains these cells from bone allografts would decrease the immunologic response to the implantation of such transplants. PMID- 3160517 TI - Changes in Alzheimer's disease in the magnocellular neurones of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus and their relationship to the noradrenergic deficit. AB - When compared with those of age-matched control patients the number of nerve cells in the locus caeruleus in 30 patients with Alzheimer's disease is reduced by 65% while nucleolar volume in surviving cells of the locus caeruleus and in those of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus is reduced by 25%, 48% and 26% respectively. Furthermore the reduction in cell number and nucleolar volume in these 3 cell types are all interrelated, emphasizing the close functional linkage of these cell groups. Similar changes (for age) were seen in a group of 10 patients with a mixed Alzheimer/vascular type dementia and in 6 patients over 50 years of age with Down's syndrome whose brains also showed extensive senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation. This damage to the locus caeruleus and hypothalamic systems is probably responsible for losses of noradrenaline and vasopressin reported in cerebral cortex and hypothalamus; the importance of these changes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is emphasized. PMID- 3160519 TI - [Reflex spinal myoclonus. Report of a case and its physiological mechanism]. PMID- 3160520 TI - Scintigraphic appearance of the piriformis muscle syndrome. AB - This is the first report in the nuclear medicine literature of the scintigraphic appearance of the piriformis muscle syndrome. This syndrome previously has been thought to be a purely clinical diagnosis and imaging modalities have been ignored. However, its confusing clinical presentation can lead to unnecessary surgical exploration. This case is presented to illustrate the characteristic scintigraphic pattern and suggest the role of nuclear medicine scanning in establishing the diagnosis. PMID- 3160521 TI - Uptake of technetium-99m MDP in synovial osteochondromatosis. Another cause of nonosseous activity on bone scan. PMID- 3160522 TI - Radiogallium accumulation in heterotopic bone. PMID- 3160523 TI - Evaluation of renal angioplasty by quantitative renal scanning. PMID- 3160524 TI - Pubic osteomyelitis. AB - A case of pubic osteomyelitis in a child is presented. A well localized hyperactive area on a Tc-99m MDP bone scan provided the correct diagnosis. This scintigraphic localization of osteomyelitis seldom has been reported. PMID- 3160525 TI - Thallium-201 scintigraphic visualization at rest of a dilated and hypertrophied right ventricle in a patient with sarcoidosis complicated by cor pulmonale. AB - Visualization, by resting TI-201 scintigraphy, of a markedly enlarged right ventricle (RV) in a 48-year-old black man with a 20-year history of pulmonary sarcoidosis is presented. The RV was three to four times larger than the left ventricle. Sarcoidosis resulted in marked distortion of the thoracic contents, as shown by the radiograph. This distortion possibly accounts for optimal scintigraphic visualization of the enlarged RV in the left lateral projection rather than in the left anterior projection. Because of the distortion, the chest radiograph could not be used to evaluate the cardiac contour; TI-201 scintigraphy demonstrated the RV enlargement. PMID- 3160526 TI - Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the hip. PMID- 3160528 TI - Periodontal conditions in mentally retarded children. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the standard of oral hygiene and periodontal health among institutionalized and non-institutionalized mentally retarded children with and without Down's syndrome in relation to dental care and socioeconomic status. A total of 329 persons, 6-19 yr old, were examined. In general, oral hygiene and periodontal health were poor and most of the children had gingival bleeding. The best, as well as the poorest, oral hygiene and periodontal health was found among subjects living at home. Children with Down's syndrome had less plaque and calculus but, in spite of this, a tendency to more gingivitis than others. Individuals who had their teeth brushed every day under teacher supervision had better periodontal health than others. Furthermore this study indicates a relationship between socioeconomic status and periodontal conditions. PMID- 3160527 TI - Nitrendipine kinetics in normal and impaired renal function. AB - To test the hypothesis that renal failure alters the absorption and metabolism of nitrendipine and the renal elimination of its metabolites, we gave six normal men and 16 men with various degrees of renal dysfunction a single 20 mg oral dose of nitrendipine. Plasma nitrendipine and nitrendipine pyridine analog metabolite concentrations were measured by HPLC 14 times during 48 hours after dosing. The urinary excretion of four additional metabolites was measured. Standing and supine arterial blood pressure was measured 14 times during the 48 hours after dosing. The mean nitrendipine t1/2 was 2.8 +/- 2.1 hours and that of the metabolite was 3.4 +/- 3.9 hours. No significant effect of decreased renal function on any kinetic parameter was demonstrated. Plasma nitrendipine concentrations correlated with decreased blood pressure, but metabolite concentrations did not. We conclude that renal insufficiency does not alter nitrendipine kinetics in man. PMID- 3160529 TI - Prevalence of malocclusion in mentally retarded young adults. AB - Occlusal anomalies were recorded in 218 mentally retarded young adults, aged 13 19 yr. Down's syndrome was diagnosed in 37 cases. Among the Down's syndrome individuals 41% had mandibular overjet, 54% mesial molar occlusion, 38% frontal open bite and 65% crossbite. Also, the mentally retarded subjects without Down's syndrome had markedly increased frequencies of some of the anomalies when compared to normal individuals. Thus, 27% had extreme maxillary overjet, 6% mandibular overjet, 17% mesial molar occlusion, 23% frontal open bite and 29% crossbite. Orthodontic dental service for the mentally retarded has been neglected for a long time. Though many factors may contraindicate treatment, it should in many cases be possible to improve the dental situation for this group, thereby helping these patients to a better oral function. PMID- 3160530 TI - Disability: home comforts. PMID- 3160531 TI - Dermatitis from aziridine hardener in printing ink. AB - 13 of 51 workers developed dermatitis of the hands and face after handling a water-based ink containing a polyfunctional aziridine hardening agent. Improper work practices resulted in skin contamination with the ink and its ingredients. The aziridine hardener contained trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). The incidence of dermatitis was highest among the ink mixers who handled the undiluted aziridine (6 of 8 workers affected), was lower among printers who handled ink containing 2 to 4% aziridine (7 of 22 workers affected), and was absent in workers who did not handle ink. The mean latency from first contact with the ink to the development of the rash was 3.2 months among the ink mixers, and 6.2 months among the printers. The present findings demonstrate the risk of handling aziridine hardeners when protective clothing is not properly used and when work practices result in direct skin contact. Further research should be performed to discern whether aziridine compounds themselves, free of TMPTA, can cause dermatitis. PMID- 3160532 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from amcinonide. AB - Allergic contact dermatitis from topical corticosteroids has been regarded as rare. However, it should be considered in long-standing, resistant or worsening eczema in spite of topical steroid therapy. Cases of allergic dermatitis from amcinonide have been reported previously. We report an additional case. PMID- 3160533 TI - Contact dermatitis to Alstroemeria. AB - A study was carried out on 50 workers in a floriculture centre to evaluate the incidence of contact dermatitis to Alstroemeria. 3 subjects gave positive reactions to aqueous and ethanolic extracts of cut flowers, stems and leaves. By column chromatography, the allergen was isolated and its chemical structure identified as 6-tuliposide A by proton magnetic resonance and carbon-13 magnetic resonance. Only 6-tuliposide A was isolated from cut flowers, and this gave positive reactions when patch tested at 0.01%; a-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone at 10(-5) (v/v) was positive in the same 3 subjects. Other lactones (gamma-methylene gamma-butyrolactone, alantolactone, isoalantolactone) were negative at all concentrations used. PMID- 3160534 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to transdermal clonidine. PMID- 3160535 TI - Contact dermatitis from grape bud. PMID- 3160536 TI - Allergy to cutting oil. PMID- 3160537 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from oxyphenbutazone. PMID- 3160538 TI - Phosphorus-31 NMR as a probe for phosphoproteins. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance methodology continues to advance such that phosphorus 31 NMR experiments can be profitably applied to elucidate some aspects of proteins which are covalently phosphorylated. This review introduces NMR spectral parameters pertinent to using phosphorus-31 NMR for investigation of structure and dynamics. The techniques of two-dimensional NMR, solid state NMR, and isotopic substitution are also introduced. Characteristics of phosphorylated amino acids and peptides, as revealed by phosphorus-31 NMR, are described. Studies of phosphorylated containing phosphomonoesters, phosphoramidates, acyl phosphates, and disubstituted phosphorus bridges are discussed. Among these phosphoproteins are several examples where phosphorus residues evidently play a role as polyelectrolytes, in enzyme catalysis, and in regulation of protein function. PMID- 3160539 TI - Recurrent and metastatic retroperitoneal hemangiopericytoma. AB - The computed tomography findings in a case of recurrent retroperitoneal hemangiopericytoma with an abdominal wall metastasis are reported. The lesions were well-circumscribed solid masses with varying computed tomography densities. The computed tomography findings in hemangiopericytoma are not pathognomonic; however, a patient with a history of this tumor, computed tomography can suggest recurrence or metastasis and define the location and extent of disease prior to surgical intervention. PMID- 3160540 TI - Animal studies of toxic shock syndrome. AB - Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) was first described in 1978 and since that year over 2990 cases have been reported to the Communicable Disease Center. The estimated case-fatality rate is 5.6%. The disease is characterized by fever, hypotension, rash, desquamation, and involvement of at least three other organ systems. Approximately 85% of the cases are menstrually related and tampon use has been identified as a risk factor. The remaining 15% of the cases occur in both sexes and are not specifically related to age or geographic location. In all cases where sought there is evidence for infection by Staphylococcus aureus. Nearly all S. aureus isolates are phage type 52/29 and elaborate a unique exotoxin (toxic shock toxin). This review explores both the successful and unsuccessful attempts to induce toxic shock or a TSS-like syndrome in animals other than man. The review identifies the baboon as an animal model of TSS and discusses the clinical and pathologic sequellae, in this species, after exposure to purified toxic shock toxin. PMID- 3160541 TI - Lanthanum and freeze-fracture studies of retinal pigment epithelial cell junctions in the streptozotocin diabetic rat. AB - The blood-retinal barrier breaks down early in diabetes and previous morphological studies suggest that the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the site of this defect. In the present study the electron microscope lanthanum nitrate tracer technique has been used to study RPE cell permeability in the streptozotocin diabetic rat retina. The freeze-fracture technique has been used to study RPE cell tight junction structure as permeability increases. In the lanthanum experiments, RPE cell permeability is normal in control rats and in diabetic rats 3 weeks after the injections. After 8 or 16 weeks of diabetes, however, the RPE cell layer no longer forms a barrier to the tracer and electron dense material is present in the subretinal space, in the apical and basal regions of the RPE cell junctions and intracellularly within the RPE. Freeze fracture studies of tight junctions during this period show (1) an increase in the complexity of the tight junction network due to an increase in anastomoses between the tight junctions; (2) a change in membrane fracturing properties such that the tight junctional intra-membrane particles adhering to the E-face grooves are more numerous than in the control junctions; (3) no change in the number or size of the tight and gap junctional elements. These results suggest that the blood-retinal barrier breakdown in the diabetic RPE is due to alteration of plasma membrane permeability rather than to a loss of tight junctions. PMID- 3160542 TI - Opsin for immunological studies. AB - Opsin for immunological studies can be prepared free from S-antigen by affinity chromatography on Con A-Sepharose. This preparation, however, contains 2-6% Con A originating from the affinity medium. Con A as impurity disturbs lymphocyte transformation tests carried out with opsin as test antigen. We describe a method for the removal of Con A by immuno-adsorption to Protein A/anti-Con A/IgG in detergent. In addition, we have selected some detergents and detergent concentrations in which opsin can be purified and added to the lymphocyte culture medium. PMID- 3160543 TI - Pump and leak in regulation of fluid transport in rabbit cornea. AB - Rabbit corneas were isolated, denuded of epithelium, and perfused on the anterior and posterior surfaces with Krebs Ringer-bicarbonate with additions of 50 microM H2O2, 125 microM BCNU, or 100 microM ouabain. The permeability of the corneal endothelium to labelled mannitol and inulin was determined by adding these compounds to the endothelial perfusate and measuring the rate of appearance of radioactivity in the anterior perfusate. Both H2O2 and BCNU increased the flux of mannitol and inulin across the endothelium in a time dependent manner, but ouabain had no effect. Additions of glucose with H2O2 or of GSH with BCNU prevented the observed changes in permeability. ATPase activities in the endothelia of intact, isolated corneas were also determined following incubation in the same media. The only observable effects of H2O2 and BCNU were slight reductions in the activity of Na+ + K+ ATPase. It is concluded that permeability changes, the leak, are more critical than active transport processes, the pump, in determining the rate and extent of swelling that results from exposure of the cornea to these agents. PMID- 3160544 TI - Marihuana-derived material: biochemical studies of the ocular responses. AB - Some biochemical factors of the iris-ciliary body of the rabbit have been examined for effects induced by water-soluble marihuana-derived material (MDM). Adenylate cyclase activity and sensitivity to beta-adrenergic agonists were unchanged, as measured 4 hours after MDM administration in vivo. Magnesium dependent and anion-sensitive, but not sodium-potassium, ATPase activities were inhibited 6 hours after MDM administration in vivo, although they were unaffected by in vitro incubation. Topical administration of a potent substance P antagonist had no effect on the time course or magnitude of intravenous MDM-induced ocular effects in rabbit. Intravenously administered sugars antagonized the effects of MDM on intraocular pressure. A variety of drugs which display a range of biochemical effects varying from beta-adrenergic receptor agonism, to alteration of glycoprotein residues were employed. None of the agents employed, ranging from cAMP modifiers to protein synthesis blockers, had any effect on the MDM-induced response. It is apparent that the mechanism underlying the ocular hypotensive effect of MDM does not reside in mediation through adenylate cyclase, ATPase or substance P, but rather through a mechanism mediated by terminal sugar moieties on the molecule. The data suggest that modification of the surface membrane glycoprotein residues on the ciliary epithelium can induce marked alterations in aqueous humor flow rate. PMID- 3160545 TI - Hematoporphyrin derivative photoradiation treatment of experimental malignant melanoma in the anterior chamber of the rabbit. AB - The effects of Hematoporphyrin Derivative Photoradiation Therapy (HpD-PRT) on Greene's amelanotic melanoma implanted into the anterior chamber of rabbits have been examined by biomicroscopy, fluorescein angiography and histopathology. The tumors were irradiated 24 hours after injection of HpD when both the porphyrin concentration and the porphyrin ratio tumor/iris were highest. Blanching and shrinkage of tumors were the first signs of tumor destruction. Fluorescein angiography as soon as 20 minutes after irradiation found non-perfusion of blood vessels at the tumor surface. Histopathological observation of vessel wall destruction is in agreement with this finding. Subtotal tumor necrosis was demonstrated in 12 out of 13 experiments. Necrosis was complete in only one experiment. Clusters of viable tumor cells were found when shielded behind pigment, at the tumor periphery and around some blood vessels. Lens damage was observed after irradiation when the iris pigment epithelium was disorganized by the tumor. The iris contained high concentrations of porphyrin and PRT resulted in depigmentation, non-perfusion of the capillary bed, damage to larger iris vessels and finally atrophy. Light intensity measurements were performed in vivo during PRT. The average effective attenuation coefficient at 630 nm was 0.56 mm-1 at the beginning of irradiation and 0.87 nm-1 at the end. Results indicate that as a treatment HpD-PRT in itself might be insufficient but may prove to be an effective modality in combination with other tumor destructive therapies. PMID- 3160546 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 3160548 TI - Disuse contractures in a patient with tinea manuum and irritant contact dermatitis. AB - Disuse contractures are reported in a patient with tinea manuum and irritant contact dermatitis. The case is presented to alert the physician to the potential for this problem in any patient with a chronic fissured dermatosis of the hands. PMID- 3160549 TI - The psychological impact of severe acne. AB - The extent to which severe acne affects patients' personality and emotional life is still undetermined. The personality factors of neuroticism, psychosomatic condition, social extraversion, and self-defensive attitude were tested, as well as the social anxiety, in a group of forty patients with severe acne. They were more neurotic, more concerned about their bodily functions, and had a lower self defensive attitude than a normal population. Their anxiety level was also significantly elevated. A subgroup of twelve patients with conglobate acne were treated with isotretinoin. After one year, when the disease had been brought under control effectively, they were retested. The personality factors had not changed consistently. A decrease of anxiety, which did not reach a level of significance, was found. We conclude that the personality and emotional life of patients with severe acne are affected. This aspect of their condition should receive proper attention as part of their treatment. PMID- 3160547 TI - When does psoriasis become pustular? PMID- 3160550 TI - The thymus-dependent immune system in the pathogenesis of type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. Animal model and human studies. AB - The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible role of the thymus dependent immune system in the disease mechanisms underlying type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. Both animal experiments and human studies were carried out. Firstly, a brief historical review is given of the scientific progress within the aetiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus during the last few decades. Mention is made summarily of some elements of the thymus dependent immune system, and the athymic nude mouse is presented. Three diabetic animal models are reported, viz. two exogenously provoked diabetes models in mice, virus-induced diabetes and diabetes induced by streptozotocin, besides the spontaneously diabetic BB rat. Insofar as the mouse models are concerned, experiments were carried out on both nude mice and normal thymus-intact mice. Encephalomyocarditis virus was used in the virus model and could after inoculation be isolated in large quantities from nude mice as well as normal thymus-intact mice. Only the latter developed diabetes; the C57 mice in the form of glucose intolerance and the BALB/c/BOM mice in the form of elevation of the mean blood glucose values to about threefold normal level. The nude mice exhibited only a very short-lasting virus antibody formation, while in the thymus intact mice it was possible, as might be expected, to demonstrate high titres of neutralizing virus antibodies for months after the virus inoculation. In the streptozotocin model, where the streptozotocin was administered by repeated small injections, the nude mice developed considerably milder diabetes than the thymus intact mice. This survey includes other experiments using various forms of immunosuppression (thymectomy, irradiation, treatment with antilymphocyte serum), which together supply evidence that the thymus-dependent immune system is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes in the two mouse models mentioned as well as in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat, regardless of the different aetiologies in the models. On this background, clinical immunological studies in patients with type 1 diabetes were carried out. Firstly, studies are reported of subpopulations of the peripheral lymphocytes which, after labelling with monoclonal antibodies, were investigated by means of flow-cytometry. The number of cytotoxic/suppressor T-lymphocytes was found to be reduced at the time of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, but increasing towards normal levels five months later. The helper T-cells were found to be slightly increased at diagnosis as compared with the values in controls, whereas there were no differences in the total T-lymphocyte counts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3160551 TI - Punch biopsy of the skin by electric power drill: effect of speed. A post-mortem study. AB - The effect of drill speed on biopsy size and quality for microscopy was studied postmortem. Four millimeter punch biopsies were taken from the abdominal skin by different techniques: Manual punch and drill (250, 600, 1,200, 4,000, 18,000, 36,000 rpm). Biopsies taken with 250, 600 and 1,200 rpm were not different in quality from biopsies taken with manual punch. Biopsies taken at 4,000 rpm exhibited microscopic signs of trauma and those taken at 18,000 and 36,000 rpm were much poorer in quality and severely damaged. In conclusion, a high speed drill cannot be recommended for biopsy of the skin. PMID- 3160553 TI - [The lignoicaine test in the diagnosis of pain in the lumbosacral spine]. PMID- 3160552 TI - Function and fatigue of respiratory muscles. AB - The functional anatomy of the respiratory muscles and their actions and interactions are presented, particularly of the diaphragm. The large amount of blood flow to respiratory muscles and the determination of blood flow are reviewed, while the role these muscles play in the overall economy of the body in health and disease are discussed. Finally the failure of the respiratory muscles in the context of the development of hypercapnic respiratory failure is examined. It is argued that as the respiratory muscles become fatigued, afferent information from the respiratory muscles modifies the breathing pattern, which might be beneficial to respiratory muscle function, but it might compromise alveolar ventilation. PMID- 3160554 TI - [Congenital separation of the pubic bones and anomaly of the lower G. U. tract]. PMID- 3160555 TI - [CT in the evaluation of Wilson's disease]. PMID- 3160556 TI - [A comparative study between radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations in the diagnosis of gallbladder disease]. PMID- 3160558 TI - [Multicentric giant-cell tumor of bone (a report of 5 cases)]. PMID- 3160557 TI - [An appraisal of the X-ray manifestation as a diagnostic criterion of renal osteodystrophy]. PMID- 3160559 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of ischemic vertebral collapse (with a report of 3 cases)]. PMID- 3160560 TI - [Roentgen changes of the bone in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 3160561 TI - [Pathologic interpretation of basic X-ray signs in Kaschin-Beck's disease]. PMID- 3160562 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in the diagnosis of congenital choledochal cyst in infants and children]. PMID- 3160563 TI - [Radiological examination and diagnosis of pituitary adenoma (an analysis of 50 proved cases)]. PMID- 3160564 TI - Enzymic synthesis of labelled chiral substances. AB - The enzymic synthesis of chiral substances in which one hydrogen atom of a methylene group has been replaced by deuterium or tritium is illustrated. Such labelled products can be used to determine the stereochemistry of other enzyme catalysed reactions. PMID- 3160565 TI - An illustrative example of a synthetically useful enzyme: horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - The enzymes of most general and continuing value in organic synthesis are those that can operate stereospecifically on a wide range of structurally varied substrates. Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH, EC 1.1.1.1), a commercially available NAD(H)-dependent oxidoreductase that catalyses C = O in equilibrium CH(OH) interconversions, is such an enzyme. The scope of applications of enzymes endowed with this degree of versatility is illustrated by the preparative-scale use of HLADH to catalyse specific oxidoreductions of a broad spectrum of alcohol and ketone substrates. Examples are given of enantiomeric distinctions, of discrimination between enantiotopic groups in substrates possessing prochiral centres or in meso compounds, of regiospecific transformations and of combinations of various specificities. The value of the enzyme-derived products as chiral synthetic precursors of molecules of current interest is demonstrated. PMID- 3160566 TI - [Chromosomal aberrations and ocular diseases: 54 cases comprising 8 types of anomaly diagnosed by chromosomal analysis]. PMID- 3160568 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 3160567 TI - Midazolam oral self-administration. AB - The technique of chronic schedule-induced drug solution intake was used to determine the possible addiction liability of the short-acting benzodiazepine midazolam. Schedule-induction produces polydipsia over a wide range of fluids as a function of the imposed schedule of food availability. The inducing schedule used presented food pellets automatically once per minute, fixed time (FT) 1-min, for 3 h daily. Two groups of rats, drinking either water or 0.05 mg/ml midazolam solution, were exposed to schedule-induction sessions for approx. 2 months. Then, other FT-values (0, 0.5, 3 and 5 min) were instituted on occasion for single sessions. Each of these 'probe' session determinations was done twice. Although midazolam concentration had been adjusted so that the mean group intakes were equal at FT 1-min, probe values greater than 1 min revealed a greater acceptance of midazolam compared to water. This technique produced session midazolam intakes as great as 25 mg/kg. In the next phase, the entire experiment was repeated except both groups were offered a choice between water and midazolam solution during sessions. Only at FT 0 and FT 5-min was there an indication that midazolam was preferred over water. Two additional groups of animals were exposed to the same schedule-induced polydipsia regimen, drinking water and midazolam solution, respectively. Pre-session administration of doses of Ro 15-1788, CGS 8216 (benzodiazepine antagonists) or midazolam had no effects on either water or midazolam intakes, although the higher dose of midazolam (2 mg/kg, s.c) had a moderately suppressive effect on the non-tolerant water-polydipsic group. All groups were tested on occasion for physical dependence on midazolam with an auditory stimulus as the precipitator and midazolam polydipsic groups were found to have a mild to moderate dependence (clonic seizures, running fits). PMID- 3160570 TI - [Bullous diseases of the skin: basal membrane disorders?]. PMID- 3160569 TI - [Iodine and skin diseases]. PMID- 3160571 TI - [Granulocyte functional characteristics of mice with transplanted tumors]. AB - The Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma (EAC) growing subcutaneously in (CBA X C57B1)F1 mice was found to induce leukocytosis with the elevated number of mature granulocytes in the peripheral blood. At the same time depletion of the cell amount in the thymus and an increase of cells, especially granulocytic ones, in the spleen was observed. Granulocyte contamination of the ficoll-verografin gradient interphase was detected in mononuclear cells separated from tumour host blood. Simultaneously, expression of Fc G-receptors of granulocytes decreased in tumour-bearing mice. These data are discussed in terms of inhibitory effect of the EAC on granulocyte functions in the presence of paraneoplastic leukocytosis. PMID- 3160572 TI - [Effect high-altitude conditions on the antitumor activity of cyclophosphane and its action on lymphoid tissue cells]. AB - High-altitude hypoxia inhibits the Walker carcinosarcoma growth in rats and enhances the efficacy of antitumour treatment with cyclophosphane. Under mountain conditions the cyclophosphane toxicity effect on the lymphoid tissue decreased. As a response to cyclophosphane administration the depletion of the lymphocyte amount in the peripheral blood and cell populations in the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes of animals was less expressed at high altitude (3200 m) than at low one (760 m). In clinical research it was shown that high-altitude hypoxia may be used as a therapeutic factor in the management of cytostatic lymphocytopenias in cancer patients. PMID- 3160573 TI - Reversal of beta-endorphin-induced blockade of ovulation and luteinizing hormone surge with prostaglandin E2. AB - We examined the effects of intraventricular (Ivt) administration of beta endorphin (beta E) on preovulatory LH release, ovulation, and the mechanism that may be involved in opioid action. Female rats were implanted with permanent cannulae in the third ventricle of the brain and were allowed to recover 4-day estrous cyclicity. Intrajugular cannulae were placed on the morning of proestrus. Thereafter, they received Ivt either saline (2 microliter) or beta E (10 micrograms/2 microliter) at 1300, 1430, and 1600 h. In addition, at 1600, 1700, and 1800 h, they were injected Ivt with either vehicle (cerebrospinal fluid or saline) or one of the following compounds: epinephrine (15.3 micrograms), norepinephrine (15.3 micrograms), or prostaglandin E2 (6 micrograms). Blood samples for LH measurements were taken 0, 10, 30, and 60 min after the additional injections at 1600 and 1700 h. beta E blocked the preovulatory LH surge and ovulation. Administration of the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone (2 mg/kg) reversed these effects. Epinephrine stimulated a small discharge of LH only after a second E injection in the beta E-treated rats, but this was insufficient to restore ovulation. On the other hand, prostaglandin E2 reversed the beta E blockade of the LH surge and ovulation. These studies suggest that beta E blocks ovulation and the LH surge primarily by suppressing either the influx or adrenergic expression of the spontaneous neurogenic stimuli responsible for the preovulatory LH discharge and not by evoking a general decrease in the secretory response of the LHRH neurons. PMID- 3160574 TI - Dehydration-induced alterations in rat brain vasopressin and atrial natriuretic factor immunoreactivity. AB - Potent natriuretic and spasmolytic peptides present in cardiac extracts recently have been identified. These atrial natriuretic factors (ANF) exert vascular and renal actions quite contrary to those of vasopressin (AVP). The ability of ANF to inhibit AVP secretion suggested a role for the peptides in the control of AVP release. The present studies report the measurement of ANF-like immunoreactivity within brain regions associated with the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal tract and demonstrate significant water deprivation-induced reductions in ANF content of several structures (neural lobe, organum vasculosum lamina terminalis, suprachiasmatic and supraoptic nuclei) but not in others (median eminence, paraventricular nucleus, cortex and pituitary). The data suggest the production of ANF-like peptides within the brain and, further, the involvement of central ANF in extracellular fluid volume regulation. PMID- 3160575 TI - Relationships between bovine follicular fluid glycosaminoglycans and steroids. AB - The glycosaminoglycans chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparan sulfate (HS) are present in follicular fluid. The present study evaluated estradiol (E), progesterone (P), CS, and HS concentrations from pools of 2633 small (less than 6 mm), 1702 medium (6-10 mm), and 491 large (greater than 10 mm) bovine follicles subdivided by relative E concentrations. E and P concentrations increased with follicle enlargement (P less than 0.05), but were inversely related within a follicle size. CS levels were reduced (P less than 0.05) in large (0.84 mg/ml) compared to small (1.18 mg/ml) and medium (1.36 mg/ml) follicles, while HS levels were decreased (P less than 0.05) in medium (0.34 mg/ml) and large (0.19 mg/ml) compared to small (1.10 mg/ml) follicles. Within a follicle size, CS and HS levels decreased significantly with increasing E. CS to HS ratios increased with follicle size and E concentration. The ratio of CS to HS was 4.4- and 1.6-fold higher, respectively, in medium and large follicular fluid samples classified healthy compared to atretic by their E content. These results support the idea that concentrations of glycosaminoglycans decrease with follicular maturation, and atretic follicles contain elevated levels of CS and HS. PMID- 3160576 TI - Laparoscopic findings in eight cases of liver fascioliasis. AB - Laparoscopic findings observed in eight patients with fascioliasis are described, five cases in the invasive or acute phase of liver distomatosis, and three cases in the chronic phase. In all cases yellowish-white nodules of 1 to 4 mm in diameter were seen on the liver surface, and in four patients they also appeared on the parietal peritoneum. Close to these nodules, ribbed or vermiform formations of a color and consistency similar to that of the nodules were observed in five patients. It is thought that these findings correspond to parasitic microabscesses in contact with intrahepatic bile ducts. Other findings were areas of capsular thickening, adhesions, dilation of subcapsular lymph vessels and flattened zones of a cicatricial aspect. This last feature appeared only in the chronic form of the disease. PMID- 3160578 TI - The effect of sugar mill effluent on enzyme activities of rice seedlings. AB - The effect of sugar mill effluent on the activities of peroxidase, amylase, and nitrate reductase of rice (Oryza Sativa L. C.V. Mushoori) seedlings have been investigated. In addition, an attempt was also made to investigate effluent induced changes in the activities of mitochondrial enzymes, such as succinate dehydrogenase, during germination of rice seedlings. The effects were studied in relation to both concentration of effluent and time of exposure. The activity of all enzymes tested, except succinate dehydrogenase, decreased during effluent treatment. A marked increase in succinate dehydrogenase activity was noticed at various concentrations of effluent treatment. When time-dependent changes in succinate dehydrogenase activity were followed a nearly threefold increase was found with 12 hr of treatment after which a rapid loss was noticed. A correlation was established between the retardation of growth and development of effluent treated rice seedlings with the activities of some key enzymes regulating growth and development. PMID- 3160577 TI - 1H NMR study of the interaction of bacteriophage lambda Cro protein with the OR3 operator. II. Assignment of the non-exchangeable proton resonances of the OR3 operator. AB - The 17 base pair operator OR3 oligonucleotide, which is the preferential binding site for the Cro repressor of phage lambda, was studied by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. A sequential assignment procedure based on two-dimensional Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOESY) and scalar coupling correlated (COSY) NMR spectroscopy, together with the knowledge of the oligodesoxynucleotide sequence, made it possible to assign the non-exchangeable base protons and the H1' and the H2'-H2" sugar protons of the OR3 operator DNA. The pattern of the observed NOE connectivities is consistent with a right-handed helical DNA structure. The base and sugar proton assignments provide the necessary information for further studies of the OR3 operator - Cro repressor interaction. PMID- 3160579 TI - RNA processing in Neurospora crassa mitochondria: transfer RNAs punctuate a large precursor transcript. AB - The pattern of transcripts arising from a large contiguous portion of the Neurospora crassa mitochondrial genome and the processing of these transcripts have been investigated. Evidence is presented for the transcription of a single, at least 12.5 kb, precursor RNA that contains sequences corresponding to the apocytochrome b (cob), tRNACys, cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO I), tRNAArg and unidentified reading frame (URF) 1 genes. The two tRNA sequences serve as punctuation signals for the cleavage of this large transcript. Processing at the tRNACys and tRNAArg sequences directly generates the proposed CO I mRNA, as well as the mature 3' end of the cob transcripts. Moreover, three other sites have been identified that are specifically involved in further 5' end processing events. One of the two 5' end processing sites of the cob transcript shares homology with the 5' end processing sites of the mitochondrial 19S and 25S rRNA precursors. PstI palindromes do not act as processing signals because six of these palindromic sequences are present in the cob and CO I mRNAs. PMID- 3160580 TI - Receptor dynamics of closely related ligands: "fast' and "slow' interferons. AB - Two related human alpha interferons with 83% homology in their primary sequences show a similar specific activity on nonhuman cells, but a striking difference on human cells, on which alpha-1 shows 1-5% of the specific molar activity displayed by alpha-2. Both interferons were labelled with 125I, and their binding kinetics followed on growing cultures of the human Burkitt line Daudi. Binding of alpha-1 showed slower rates of association and faster rates of dissociation implying that differences in apparent binding affinity were responsible for the differences in specific molar activity. However, binding was shown to reach steady-state rather than an equilibrium, so differences in the dynamics of the ligand-receptor complexes may represent amplification of differences in the initial binding constant. alpha-2, but not alpha-1, induces a marked loss of binding sites leading to a high affinity steady-state binding. Inhibition of cell multiplication by both interferons depends on a continued stimulation by free ligands at steady-state. It is proposed that the differences in specific molar activity are, in the main, kinetic and cause alpha-1 and alpha-2 to behave respectively as "slow' and "fast' interferons. PMID- 3160581 TI - Serum, like phorbol esters, rapidly activates protein kinase C in intact quiescent fibroblasts. AB - Addition of serum to quiescent cultures of Swiss 3T3 cells and mouse embryo fibroblasts causes a rapid increase in the phosphorylation of an 80 000 mol. wt. cellular protein (termed 80 K). The effect is dose- and time-dependent; enhancement in 80 K phosphorylation can be detected as early as 10-15 s after adding serum. In contrast, platelet-derived growth factor elicits the response after a lag of 1.5 min suggesting that this growth factor does not mediate the response to serum. Recently a rapid increase in the phosphorylation of an 80 K cellular protein following treatment with phorbol esters or diacylglycerol has been shown to reflect the activation of protein kinase C in intact fibroblasts. The 80 K phosphoproteins generated in response to serum and to phorbol dibutyrate (PBt2) co-migrated in one- and two-dimensional PAGE and produced identical phosphopeptide fragments when subjected to partial digestion with Staphyloccocus aureus V8 protease. These observations suggest that the same 80 K protein is generated in response to serum and PBt2. We conclude that activation of protein kinase C in intact cells is one of the earliest effects elicited by serum in quiescent fibroblasts. PMID- 3160584 TI - Reduced enteral absorption of ciprofloxacin in the presence of antacids. PMID- 3160585 TI - In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin against mycobacteria. PMID- 3160582 TI - Architecture and anatomy of the chromosomal locus in human chromosome 21 encoding the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. AB - The SOD-1 gene on chromosome 21 and approximately 100 kb of chromosomal DNA from the 21q22 region have been isolated and characterized. The gene which is present as a single copy per haploid genome spans 11 kb of chromosomal DNA. Heteroduplex analysis and DNA sequencing reveals five rather small exons and four introns that interrupt the coding region. The donor sequence at the first intron contains an unusual variant dinucleotide 5'-G-C, rather than the highly conserved 5'-GT. The unusual splice junction is functional in vivo since it was detected in both alleles of the SOD-1 gene, which were defined by differences in the length of restriction endonuclease fragments (RFLPs) that hybridize to the cDNA probe. Genomic blots of human DNA isolated from cells trisomic for chromosome 21 (Down's syndrome patients) show the normal pattern of bands. At the 5' end of gene there are the 'TATA' and 'CAT' promoter sequences as well as four copies of the -GGCGGG hexanucleotide. Two of these -GC- elements are contained within a 13 nucleotide inverted repeat that could form a stem-loop structure with stability of -33 kcal. The 3'-non coding region of the gene contains five short open reading-frames starting with ATG and terminating with stop codons. PMID- 3160583 TI - Immunological characterization of basement membrane types of heparan sulfate proteoglycan. AB - Antibodies were raised against a small high-density and a large low-density form of heparan sulfate proteoglycan from a basement membrane-producing mouse tumor and were characterized by radioimmunoassays, immunoprecipitation and immunohistological methods. Antigenicity was due to the protein cores and included epitopes unique to the low density form as well as some shared by both proteoglycans. The antibodies did not cross-react with other basement membrane proteins or with chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans from interstitial connective tissues. The heparan sulfate proteoglycans occurred ubiquitously in embryonic and adult basement membranes and could be initially detected at the 2-4 cell stage of mouse embryonic development. Low levels were also found in serum. Biosynthetic studies demonstrated identical or similar proteoglycans in cultures of normal and carcinoembryonic cells and in organ cultures of fetal tissues. They could be distinguished from liver cell membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, indicating that the basement membrane types of proteoglycans represent a unique class of extracellular matrix proteins. PMID- 3160586 TI - The formaldehyde dehydrogenase of Rhodococcus erythropolis, a trimeric enzyme requiring a cofactor and active with alcohols. AB - During growth on compounds containing methyl groups a formaldehyde dehydrogenase is induced in the gram-positive bacteria Rhodococcus erythropolis. This formaldehyde dehydrogenase has been purified to homogeneity using affinity chromatography and permeation chromatography. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 4.7. The molar mass of the native enzyme was determined as 130 000 g/mol. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis yielded a single subunit with a molar mass of 44000 g/mol. These results, together with cross-linking experiments which yielded monomer, dimer, and trimer bands, are consistent with a trimeric subunit structure of the formaldehyde dehydrogenase. A heat-stable cofactor of low molar mass was required for activity with formaldehyde as substrate. This cofactor was found to be oxidizable, but active only in its reduced form. Preparative electrofocusing revealed that the cofactor is a weak acid with a pK of about 6.5. The enzyme was active with the homologous series of the primary alcohols, ethanol up to octanol, without requiring the presence of the cofactor. A mutant without formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity was not impaired in its growth with ethanol as substrate. It is suggested that the alcohols mimic the true substrate of the formaldehyde dehydrogenase, which could be a hydroxymethyl derivative of the cofactor, resulting from the addition of formaldehyde. PMID- 3160587 TI - Comments on "Luminescence studies on the conformational behavior of horse-liver alcohol dehydrogenase", by N.L. Vekshin. PMID- 3160588 TI - Secretion of high-mannose-type alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein by primary cultures of rat hepatocytes in the presence of the mannosidase I inhibitor 1-deoxymannojirimycin. AB - Two different forms of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein were found in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. After a 2.5-h labeling period with [35S]methionine the high-mannose-type precursor of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (Mr 49000) and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (Mr 39 000) and the mature complex-type alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (Mr 54 000) and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (Mr 43 000-60 000) could be immunoprecipitated from the cells, but only the complex-type forms of the two glycoproteins were secreted into the hepatocyte media. When hepatocytes were incubated with the mannosidase I inhibitor 1-deoxymannojirimycin at a concentration of 4 mM, the 49 000-Mr form of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and the 39 000-Mr form of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein could be detected in the cells as well as in their media. Neither the secretion of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor nor that of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was impaired by 1-deoxymannojirimycin. While alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, secreted by control cells, were resistant to endoglucosaminidase H, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, secreted by hepatocytes treated with 4 mM 1-deoxymannojirimycin, could be deglycosylated by endoglucosaminidase H. When the [3H]mannose-labeled oligosaccharides of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, secreted by 1 deoxymannojirimycin-treated hepatocytes, were cleaved off by endoglucosaminidase H and analyzed by Bio-Gel P-4 chromatography, they eluted at the position of Man9GlcNAc, indicating that mannosidase I had been efficiently inhibited. 1 Deoxymannojirimycin did not inhibit the synthesis or the cotranslational N glycosylation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor or alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. PMID- 3160589 TI - The pho1 mutation. A frameshift, and its compensation, producing altered forms of physiologically efficient ATPase in yeast mitochondria. AB - The pho1 mutation belongs to the OL12 gene on mitochondrial DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which codes for a membrane factor subunit of the mitochondrial ATPase (apparent molecular mass 20 kDa). We analysed the ATPase complex from the pho1 mutant and from three revertants, after immunoprecipitation from mitochondrial extracts, by dodecyl sulphate/acrylamide gel electrophoresis. In two revertants the OL12 gene product appeared as an abundant slower migrating peptide, while in the pho mutant, two bands appeared in very low amounts. For the third revertant, a strong band appeared at the normal level. Sequencing of the OL12 gene from these strains gave the following results: the pho1 mutation is a frameshift, arising by insertion of an extra thymidine into a group of three. Two of the revertants contain the same group of four thymidines, but genetic compensation of the frameshift occurs 24 base pairs downstream by the loss of four bases, implying a deficit of one codon. The third revertant has recovered the normal three-thymidine sequence. There is excellent correlation between the modified sequences and electrophoretic migration of the peptide product. Owing to the leakiness of the pho1 phenotype (reduced but not nil growth rate on oxidizable carbon sources, 5-10% highly oligomycin-sensitive ATPase complex, low amounts of OL12 gene product peptides), some translational correction of the frameshift is bound to occur. Based on these results, the compatibility of abnormal ATPase architecture with modified energetic efficiency is discussed. PMID- 3160590 TI - Identification of the polypeptide encoded by the URF-1 gene of Neurospora crassa mtDNA. AB - Two peptides, potentially representing antigenic determinants of a proposed gene product, were synthesized. The peptide sequences were deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the unidentified reading frame (URF)1 of the Neurospora crassa mitochondrial genome. Specific antisera to the synthetic peptides were produced. The antibodies recognized a single polypeptide species with an apparent relative molecular mass of about 30 000. The mitochondrial origin of this polypeptide was verified by in vivo labelling experiments in the presence of cycloheximide, as well as by in vitro translation using isolated mitochondria. The chemical identification of the protein was performed by partial radiosequencing of the N terminal portion of the immunoprecipitated URF-1 product. The amount of URF-1 polypeptide present in N. crassa mitochondria is in the range of 1-2%. The protein is a constituent of the inner envelope of the organelle and probably part of a more complex membrane unit. PMID- 3160591 TI - Competition between decavanadate and fluorescein isothiocyanate on the Ca2+ ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The binding of vanadate and fluorescein isothiocyanate to the Ca2+-transport ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum (EC 3.6.1.3) was analyzed. Monovanadate binds to the Ca2+-transport ATPase at a single high affinity site (site 1), that is presumably related to the binding site for inorganic orthophosphate, and to one of the two sites for decavanadate. Binding of vanadate to this site stabilizes the enzyme in the E2 conformation, with inhibition of ATPase activity and the formation of crystalline arrays of Ca2+-ATPase. Decavanadate also binds with high affinity to a second site on the Ca2+-ATPase (site 2), that is blocked by fluorescein isothiocyanate and may be part of the binding site for ATP. Crystallization of Ca2+-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum, labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate, by either monovanadate or decavanadate implies that occupation of site 1, but not of site 2, by vanadate is required for the conformational change of Ca2+-ATPase leading to the formation of crystalline arrays. PMID- 3160593 TI - Coexistent coeliac disease, Graves' disease and diabetes mellitus type 1 in a patient with Down syndrome. AB - A 17-year-old girl with Down syndrome is presented who developed coeliac disease, Graves' disease and diabetes type 1. Her HLA type was A3, A9, B8, B15, DR3, DR5. PMID- 3160592 TI - Increased urinary excretion of acid mucopolysaccharides and glycopeptides in hypothyroidism following thyroid hormone therapy. AB - Urinary excretion of acid mucopolysaccharides and glycopeptides in the urine of an untreated patient with cretinism were measured before and after thyroid hormone replacement. Urinary uronic acid and hexose excretion in the CPC precipitated fraction increased four to ten times after thyroid hormone administration. The maximum excretion was observed after 2 months of thyroid replacement. The excreted acid mucopolysaccharides consisted of chondroitin sulphate A/C and minor quantities of heparan sulphate. Urinary excretion of glycopeptides, particularly small molecular glycopeptides rose also four to five fold with thyroid hormone administration. These data suggest that thyroid hormone markedly influences the metabolism of acid mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins. Possibly, the lack of thyroid hormone caused a decreased activity of various lysosomal glycosidases and sulphatases. PMID- 3160594 TI - Maternal aggression in mice: effects of treatments with PCPA, 5-HTP and 5-HT receptor antagonists. AB - Drug treatments which influence brain serotonergic systems were administered to lactating female mice during the early postpartum period, and their effects on aggressive behavior, locomotor activity and brain monoamines were examined. P chlorophenylalanine (200 and 400 mg/kg) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (100 mg/kg) inhibited fighting behavior of postpartum mice toward unfamiliar male intruder mice. These drug-treated postpartum females showed increased latencies to attack male intruders and also reduced frequencies of attack. In addition, postpartum mice treated with the serotonin receptor antagonists, mianserin (2 and 4 mg/kg), methysergide (4 mg/kg) and methiothepin (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg), displayed significantly less aggressive behavior than control mice, as measured by reduced number of attacks. Whole brain monoamine and monoamine metabolite levels were measured after drug treatments. The behavioral results are discussed in terms of drug-induced changes in brain chemistry and indicate a possible role for serotonin in the mediation of maternal aggressive behavior of mice. PMID- 3160595 TI - Autoradiographic localization of atriopeptin III receptors in rat kidney. PMID- 3160596 TI - Differential selectivities of RU 24969 and 8-OH-DPAT for the purported 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B binding sites. Correlation between 5-HT1A affinity and hypotensive activity. AB - RU 24969 and 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) inhibited the specific binding of [3H]5-HT (2 nM) to rat brain membranes with shallow displacement curves. The displacement data were best fitted with a model of two independent, high and low affinity binding sites. Following addition of spiperone (1 microM) as a selective ligand for the putative 5-HT1A recognition site of [3H]5-HT, the displacement curve of RU 24969 underwent a leftward shift, whereas spiperone induced a shift to the right for the displacement curve of 8-OH-DPAT. In contrast to spiperone, pindolol (1 microM) shifted the displacement curve of RU 24969 to the right. These results suggest that RU 24969 possesses preference for the purported 5-HT1B subtype of central 5-HT1 recognition site. The reported significant linear correlation between hypotensive activity following intravenous (i.v.) administration to anesthetized rats and affinity for the central 5-HT1 binding site could only be maintained by incorporation of the affinity of RU 24969 for its low and 8-OH-DPAT for its high affinity binding site. Based on the proposal that the 5-HT1A site corresponds to the high affinity site of 8-OH-DPAT and the low affinity site of RU 24969, it is hypothesized that the late depressor phase of 5-HT agonists in rats is mediated by activation of peripheral (vascular) 5-HT receptors which have similarities with the 5-HT1A subtype of central 5-HT1 recognition site. PMID- 3160597 TI - [Biological properties, phage typing and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dermatitis in laboratory mice]. AB - The characteristics of 167 isolates of S. aureus from 106 mice suffering dermatitis were examined. All 167 isolates coagulated both rabbit and human plasmas and 161 of them also coagulated bovine plasma. All the isolates produced heat-stable and heat-labile DNase, phosphatase and yellow pigment, reduced nitrate, hydrolysed egg yolk, Tween 80, and hippurate, and grew on crystal violet agar in colonies of the negative type C and on medium with 10% NaCl. The majority of them produced fibrinolysin, protease and acetoin. Fifty-three percent were gelatinase positive. In hemolysis tests, 25, 57 and 45 isolates showed alpha-, beta-, alpha beta-hemolysis, respectively. Forty isolates did not produce hemolysins in the rabbit and sheep blood agar. All of 75 isolates tested produced acid from fructose, galactose, glucose, glycerol and mannose, but did not from arabinose, dextrin, inulin, raffinose, salicin, sorbitol and xylose. Most of these isolates produced acid from lactose, mannitol, sucrose and trehalose. All of the 75 isolates were highly sensitive to penicillin, methylphenylisoxazolyl penicillin, erythromycin, spiramycin, lincomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, kanamycin, gentamicin and cephaloridine, but were resistant to sulfisoxazole. With phages of human set, all 167 isolates were typable at 100 X RTD. All but one of the typable isolates belonged to mixed lytic groups. These were I + III (35 isolates), I + M (1), I + III + M (124) and I + II + III + M (6), with long phage patterns. When the 167 isolates were biotyped as described by Hajek and Marsalek [7, 8], 5 belonged to biotype A, 1 to biotype B and 60 to biotype C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3160598 TI - Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate loading test and determination of plasma oestetrol concentration in late pregnancy. AB - Intravenous application of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) was performed in 6 women with normal progress of pregnancy, 3 pregnant women with multiple pregnancy and 4 pregnants with intrauterine death of the foetus (32nd to 38th week). The oestetrol concentrations in blood serum were estimated during 5 h after the injection. In most cases an increase could be observed, but this was inhomogenous. The oestetrol concentration even rises in cases of intrauterine death of the foetus. In 7 cases of uncomplicated pregnancies the DHEA-S loading test was done within 2 to 6 h before delivery. The oestetrol concentration in the cord serum of the newborns was not higher than in controls without DHEA-S application, whereas oestradiol in maternal serum showed the expected rise. We conclude that the determination of oestetrol after DHEA-S loading can not be used for the judgement of the foetal situation. PMID- 3160599 TI - Relationship between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and urinary 17 ketosteroid values. AB - To assess the validity of serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DS) radioimmunoassay instead of urinary total 17-ketosteroid (17-KS) or individual metabolite (dehydroepiandrosterone + etiocholanolone + androsterone; D + E + A) determination to control adrenal androgen function, a comparative study has been performed. Mathematical analysis of simultaneous estimates revealed significant correlation when normal or above normal 17-KS or D + E + A excretion relative to serum DS were considered. Poor correlation was observed when below normal metabolite excretion and serum DS were related. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between estimates of 17-KS (or D + E + A) and those of serum unconjugated D also determined by radioimmunoassay. The serum DS radioimmunoassay appeared to be a reliable tool to assess adrenal androgen function, at least in patients exhibiting normal or high 17-ketosteroid values. PMID- 3160600 TI - After-effects of stretch on the responses of cat soleus muscle spindles to static fusimotor stimulation. AB - Mammalian muscle spindles show persistent after-effects following conditioning stretch or fusimotor stimulation. Most previous observations have been carried out on primary endings of spindles and using dynamic fusimotor stimulation. We report here observations on after-effects produced either by conditioning stretch or by static fusimotor stimulation on the responses of primary and secondary endings to a slow test stretch during which a brief burst of static fusimotor stimulation is applied. We find that the response to the test burst is large if the muscle is kept short after conditioning but it becomes depressed if the muscle is held stretched for 3 s following conditioning. We attribute these effects to the presence of stable cross-bridges between actin and myosin filaments in intrafusal fibres. We conclude that, qualitatively, after-effects using static fusimotor testing are the same as with dynamic fusimotor testing and this must be taken into account when providing an explanation for the phenomenon. PMID- 3160601 TI - Motor nerve conduction velocity and nerve polyols in mice with short-term genetic or streptozotocin-induced diabetes. AB - This study examined the relation between sciatic motor nerve conduction velocity and sciatic nerve contents of sorbitol, fructose, and myo-inositol in diabetic mice. Two groups of spontaneously diabetic animals (age 12 to 14 weeks and age 20 weeks) were compared with age-matched controls. In another experiment 17-week-old nondiabetic mice (of the same strain) were administered streptozotocin to induce diabetes and were subject to similar measurements 3 weeks later; age-matched controls were studied concomitantly. The diabetic mice in all groups were hyperglycemic with elevated nerve glucose. Those made diabetic with streptozotocin also showed a weight loss during the 3 weeks of diabetes. However, none of the diabetic groups showed significant deficits of motor nerve conduction velocity or nerve myo-inositol content. No accumulations of sorbitol or fructose were found in the sciatic nerves of the mice with diabetes of either origin. The study concluded that these animals do not have sciatic nerve aldose reductase activity and are not subject to myo-inositol depletion or to motor nerve conduction velocity deficits in short-term diabetes. PMID- 3160603 TI - The role of myosin phosphorylation in the contraction-relaxation cycle of smooth muscle. AB - Considerable evidence from a variety of experimental procedures indicates that the phosphorylation of myosin is involved in the regulation of contractile activity in smooth muscle. Phosphorylation of the 20,000-dalton myosin light chains is required to initiate crossbridge cycling and this is consistent with the observation that the actin-activated Mg2+ -ATPase activity of myosin is phosphorylation-dependent. In the simplest interpretation of this process it may be proposed that phosphorylation acts as an 'on-off' switch. Clearly this cannot explain the observed complexity of smooth muscle contractile behavior and such may imply either that additional mechanisms are involved or that the role of myosin phosphorylation is not fully appreciated. Recently it has been shown that monomeric smooth muscle myosin can exist in a 'folded' and an 'extended' conformation and that each form is characterized by distinct enzymatic properties. Under appropriate solvent conditions phosphorylation of myosin favors the extended conformation. It is tentatively suggest that this, or an analogous, transition might be involved in the regulation of the smooth muscle contractile apparatus, and this possibility is discussed. PMID- 3160602 TI - Mechanical and biochemical characterization of the contraction elicited by a calcium-independent myosin light chain kinase in chemically skinned smooth muscle. AB - The contraction induced by a Ca2+-independent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK-) was characterized in terms of isometric force (Fo), immediate elastic recoil (SE), unloaded shortening velocity (Vus), shortening under a constant load and ATPase activity of chemically skinned smooth muscle preparations. These parameters were compared to those measured in a Ca2+ -induced contraction to assess the nature of cross bridge interaction in the MLCK-induced contraction. Fo developed in chicken gizzard fibers as well as SE were similar in contractions elicited by either agent. Vus in the contraction induced by MLCK-(0.36 mg/ml) was similar though averaged 39.3 +/- 8.9% less than Vus induced by Ca2+ (1.6 X 10(-6) M) in the control fibers. Addition of Ca2+ (1.6 X 10(-6) M) to a contraction induced by MLCK-resulted in small increases in both Fo and Vus. Shortening under a constant load was similar for both types of contractions. The contraction induced by MLCK-was accompanied by an increased rate of ATP hydrolysis. The MLCK induced contraction is thus kinetically similar though not identical to a contraction induced by Ca2+. We conclude that with respect to actin-myosin interaction, MLCK-and Ca2+ -induced contractions are similar. PMID- 3160604 TI - Energetics and regulation of crossbridge states in mammalian smooth muscle. PMID- 3160605 TI - Extensions of the signal hypothesis--sequential insertion model versus amphipathic tunnel hypothesis. PMID- 3160606 TI - Glutathione S-conjugates stimulate ATP hydrolysis in the plasma membrane fraction of rat hepatocytes. AB - Incubation of a rat hepatocyte plasma membrane fraction with micromolar concentrations of either glutathione disulfide or various glutathione S conjugates resulted in a several-fold increase in the rate of ATP hydrolysis. This stimulation was further enhanced when the plasma membrane fraction had been pretreated with agents that arylate or oxidize sulfhydryl groups, suggesting that this ATPase activity is modulated by the protein thiol status of the plasma membrane. It is proposed that this newly discovered ATPase may function in the cellular extrusion of both glutathione disulfide and glutathione S-conjugates. PMID- 3160607 TI - Sarcoplasmic reticulum CaATPase: product inhibition suggests an allosteric site for ATP activation. AB - Sarcoplasmic reticulum CaATPase hydrolysis of high concentrations of ATP was studied in the presence of ADP. The results obtained were best described as noncompetitive inhibition; added product lowered the Vmax but did not affect the slopes of Eadie-Hofstee plots. At these concentrations (0.5-5 mM), ATP is known to act as both a substrate and as an activator of turnover. The inability of ATP to overcome ADP inhibition suggests that activating ATP binds to an allosteric regulatory site rather than to the phosphorylated active site. PMID- 3160608 TI - Plasma beta-endorphin and the menstrual cycle. AB - beta-Endorphin (beta-E) takes part in the regulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin secretion, but little is known about its role in the menstrual cycle. Using a specific assay, plasma concentration of beta-E was followed in healthy women in the periovulatory period and before and during menstruation. The mean concentration of beta-E in the eight women studied showed an increase at the midcycle, being 3.2 +/- 0.5 (standard error) pmol/l on day LH -1 and rising to 4.6 +/- 0.7 pmol/l on day LH 0 and further to 7.5 +/- 1.2 pmol/l on day LH +1. Thereafter, the mean beta-E level remained at 5.3 +/- 0.8 pmol/l and 5.2 +/- 0.4 pmol/l on days LH +2 and LH +3, respectively. Ten additional women were studied before and during menstruation. The highest mean plasma concentration of beta-E, 5.1 +/- 0.9 pmol/l, was found at the onset of menstruation, declining to 3.3 +/- 0.6 pmol/l and 2.9 +/- 0.6 pmol/l on the second and fifth days of menstruation, respectively. These findings suggest that beta-E secretion increases at the time of ovulation. At the onset of menstruation, pain may increase endorphin secretion. PMID- 3160609 TI - Suppressor factor from a permanent T cell line inhibits allotransplantation reactions in vivo. AB - A permanent T cell line producing an antigen-non-specific suppressor factor was established. This factor inhibits the proliferation of lymphoid cells in vitro and, when injected in vivo, it suppresses the allotransplantation reaction. The line established may represent one of the cell populations playing an active role in the induction and maintenance of immunological tolerance. PMID- 3160611 TI - [A new cosmetic topical drug--clinico-pharmacological properties and potential use]. PMID- 3160610 TI - Immunomodulatory action of ampicillin. AB - Ampicillin was found to have an immunoenhancing effect on the expression of FcM human lymphocyte receptors, on the angiogenic potential of human lymphocytes and on the production of anti-SRBC antibody after in vivo administration to low responder strains of mice. The effect of ampicillin on the graft-versus-host disease in irradiated F1 recipients of spleen cells from presensitized donors was found to be stimulatory when the drug was given to the recipients and suppressive when the drug was administered to the donors which had been preimmunized with a lower dose of antigen. PMID- 3160612 TI - [Occupational yeast infection of the skin--an expert opinion]. PMID- 3160613 TI - [Dimethoate and dithiocarbamate as occupational contact allergens in a female agrotechnician]. PMID- 3160614 TI - Functional capacities of chick embryo thymocytes in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - Thymocytes from chick embryos homozygous for the B19 haplotype of the major histocompatibility locus were tested in a one way MLR either as responder or stimulator cells, against adult peripheral blood lymphocytes from B14/14 or B19/19 strains. 13-day embryonic thymocytes were strongly stimulated by adult allogeneic PBL. By contrast 16-day thymocytes were unresponsive. This difference might be related to the rhythmic waves of stem cell entry and multiplication which characterize the ontogeny of the avian thymus. Mitomycin-treated thymocytes from 13-day or 16-day embryos were both efficient in stimulating thymidine uptake by adult allogeneic PBL. PMID- 3160615 TI - Torsion of the fallopian tube following tubal sterilization by electrocoagulation via a laparoscope. AB - Sterilization of the fallopian tube via a laparoscope is being performed with increasing frequency. A rare but serious late complication of this procedure is tubal torsion, which occurs especially after monopolar electrocoagulation where the mesosalpinx is extensively damaged. We present a case in which this complication occurred after bipolar electrocoagulation. PMID- 3160616 TI - The effects of two gonane progestins alone and in combination with ethinyl estradiol on serum lipoproteins. AB - Twenty women, oophorectomized as part of the treatment for cervical carcinoma in an early stage but otherwise healthy, participated in the study. Ten of them were given desogestrel (DG) 150 micrograms/day for 3 wk followed by DG + 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol (EE) for 6 wk, and finally EE alone for 3 wk. The other ten women were given 150 micrograms levonorgestrel (NORG) and EE in a similar way. Before treatment and after each period, total and free cholesterol (TC, FC) triglycerides (TG) and phospholipids (PL) were assayed in serum and in the ultracentrifugally isolated lipoprotein fractions very low, low and high density lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL and HDL). The results indicate that both progestins induced the same 'androgenic' pattern when given alone, i.e. a decrease in serum- and HDL-TC and a decrease in VLDL-lipids. In combination with EE, however, DG seems to counteract the effects of EE to a lesser extent than NORG, as judged particularly from the effects on TG and PL in serum and VLDL. PMID- 3160617 TI - Functional domains involved in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. PMID- 3160618 TI - Chemistry and biology of the molybdenum cofactor. PMID- 3160619 TI - Biodegradable polymers for the sustained release of peptides. PMID- 3160620 TI - Intratesticular regulation of testosterone secretion: comparison of the effects and interactions of hCG, an LHRH agonist and testicular interstitial fluid on Leydig cell testosterone secretion in vitro. AB - The stimulatory effects on Leydig cell testosterone secretion of a polypeptide(s) factor present in testicular interstitial fluid (IF) were compared with those of hCG and an LHRH agonist (LHRH-A). The actions of IF and LHRH-A were similar in showing (1) a delayed onset of action, (2) enhancement of testosterone production in response to a maximally stimulating concentration (5 nM) of hCG, and (3) near cessation of stimulation following their removal from the incubation medium. However, addition of an LHRH antagonist blocked only the actions of LHRH-A. Moreover, IF continued to stimulate testosterone production up to at least 20 h either on its own or in the presence of 5 nM hCG, whereas the stimulatory effects of LHRH-A disappeared beyond 6 h. IF was also able to enhance testosterone production in response to LHRH-A or in response to hCG + LHRH-A. IF enhanced testosterone production over 4-20 h in response to all doses of hCG and increasing concentrations of IF caused dose-dependent increments in the rate of hCG (5 nM) stimulated testosterone production. With submaximally stimulating doses of hCG or with LHRH-A alone, the stimulatory effect of IF was more or less additive, whereas with maximally stimulating doses of hCG the effect of IF was clearly synergistic. Thus, whereas the rate of testosterone production by Leydig cells in response to 5 nM hCG declined progressively from 4 to 20 h, addition of IF attenuated or prevented this decline. These findings have implications with respect to the physiological control of intratesticular testosterone levels and with respect to the regulation of steroidogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3160621 TI - Chromosome abnormalities in infantile autism and other childhood psychoses: a population study of 66 cases. AB - Sixty-six psychotic children aged between two and 20 years, examined by the same child psychiatrist and diagnosed according to strict criteria as suffering from infantile autism, other psychoses and Asperger's syndrome, were examined with chromosomal cultures in folic-acid deficient medium. 47 per cent of the children showed major or minor chromosomal aberrations. The infantile autistic group comprised a total population of autistic children. The fra(X)(q27) marker was seen in 25 per cent of autistic boys. A subgroup of children with the fra(X)(q27) abnormality, infantile autism, psychomotor epilepsy and brainstem dysfunction was identified. Other chromosome markers and abnormalities occurring in several cases included long Y chromosomes, fra(X)(p22), fra(16)(q23) and fra(6)(q26). The results are discussed and correlated with certain clinical characteristics. PMID- 3160623 TI - Handling stress in the handicapped adolescent. PMID- 3160622 TI - The satellite clinic: a model for the treatment of handicapped children in towns and rural areas. AB - A satellite clinic provided treatment for children living in a community 50 miles from an established Crippled Children's Treatment Centre. An evaluation of the service indicated that children attending the Satellite received more frequent treatment, at reduced costs to parents and social agencies. These children showed greater improvement in motor function than a control group, although no corresponding improvement in self-help skills was detected. Parents expressed a high level of satisfaction with the new service. The Satellite Clinic is recommended as a model for children unable to obtain regular treatment at an established centre. PMID- 3160624 TI - Parental reactions to loss and disappointment: the diagnosis of Down's syndrome. PMID- 3160625 TI - Correlation between hardness and degree of conversion during the setting reaction of unfilled dental restorative resins. PMID- 3160626 TI - Influence of abrasive particle size and contact stress on the wear rate of dental restorative materials. PMID- 3160628 TI - [Endomyocardial biopsy: experience with 156 patients]. AB - Transcatheter endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is a well known technique but its clinical value is still controversial. Our experience in the first 156 patients studied, in whom 182 EMB were performed, is reported and particular attention is given to the clinical value of the biopsy. Complications were observed in 7 patients and left ventricular EMB appeared to be more complicated (2/23) than right ventricular EMB (5/159). The clinical value of EMB was well documented (63.5%) in patients with congestive heart failure and a dilated heart (group 1) in whom a fairly high presence of myocarditis (17.5%), in different stages, was observed (13/74 patients). In patients with congestive failure and a restrictive/constrictive physiology (group 2), with angina and normal coronary arteries (group 3) and with acute advanced atrio-ventricular block and young age (group 5) the clinical value of EMB was good (85.7%, 58.3% and 60.6% respectively). The clinical value of EMB was on the contrary poor in patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (group 4) and in an heterogeneous group of patients (group 7), where EMB was mainly performed to exclude myocarditis. EMB had no clinical value in patients with aortic or mitral incompetence (group 6) studied according to a research protocol. EMB is a safe procedure which provides useful clinical informations in more than 50% of patients studied. The fairly high incidence of myocarditis (25 out of 156 patients studied) and the protean clinical presentations of the disease are stressed. PMID- 3160629 TI - Specificities of acylglycerols and phospholipids for interaction with phorbol ester receptor on Friend leukemia cells. AB - For the purpose of characterizing the nature of the phorbol ester receptor on intact cells, the effects of acylglycerols and phospholipids, which are known as activators of protein kinase C, on the binding of 3H-phorbol dibutyrate to Friend erythroid leukemia cells (FLC) were examined. Even when intact cells were used, diolein inhibited the binding of phorbol ester, and the degrees of inhibition by several kinds of acylglycerols paralleled their abilities to activate protein kinase C. On the other hand, phosphatidylserine enhanced the binding. Among phospholipids tested, the order of activities for increasing the binding was almost the same as that for activating protein kinase C. These results provide support for the hypothesis that the phorbol ester receptor in intact cells is protein kinase C, and that the ability of intact cells to bind phorbol ester is affected by endogenous lipids. PMID- 3160627 TI - Molecular biology of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3160630 TI - [Blood banks in Leningrad during World War II]. PMID- 3160631 TI - [Morphofunctional characteristics of erythrocyte masses resuspended in a new preserving solution]. PMID- 3160632 TI - Studies of [3H]nitrendipine binding and KCl-induced calcium uptake in rat cortical synaptosomes. AB - Rat cortical synaptosomal fraction was used to study whether there is a direct link between [3H]nitrendipine binding and KCl-induced calcium uptake. [3H]Nitrendipine exhibited reversible and saturable binding to this preparation. The equilibrium dissociation constant Kd was 0.6 nM and the maximal binding capacity, Bmax, was 120 fmol/mg of protein. The binding could be displaced by certain calcium channel antagonists, the potency of which was in the order: nitrendipine greater than nifedipine greater than D600 greater than verapamil greater than flunarizine. Voltage-dependent 45Ca2+-uptake into this fraction was measured after 20 sec KCl-induced depolarization. Nitrendipine at high concentration (10 microM) had little effect on 45Ca2+-uptake into brain synaptosomes. The order of the above-mentioned calcium antagonists affecting 45Ca2+-uptake was flunarizine greater than D600 greater than verapamil greater than nifedipine greater than nitrendipine. Our results suggest that high-affinity binding of [3H]nitrendipine is not directly linked to voltage-dependent calcium uptake in brain. PMID- 3160634 TI - [Mechanism of non-tandem integration of prophage phi 80 into the chromosome of the wild-type Escherichia coli]. AB - We studied the ability of lambda, phi 80 and their hybrid lambda att80 to lysogenize homoimmune monolysogens and examined the prophage locations on the chromosome of the resulting polylysogens. We observed an effective integration of phi 80 and lambda att80, in contrast to lambda, into the host chromosome, exclusively, at the attachment sites that were not occupied by the resident prophage (nontandem). Besides, the lambda att80 (int+) prophage was observed to ensure effective nontandem integration of a homoimmune int mutant DNA. Hence, we inferred that the expression of the int gene in the phi 80 prophage is constitutive, cI-independent and results in nontandem integration of the homoimmune prophage. The validity of this inference has been supported experimentally: (i) the only lysogen that was found to contain a phi 80 tandem was highly unstable (spontaneous segregation of monolysogens occurred 6-7 times more frequently than with the lambda tandem); (ii) an int inactivating mutation stabilized the phi 80 tandem; as a result, the int mutant has the frequency of tandem integration as high as that of lambda, while no nontandem integration was observed. A hypothesis is proposed which accounts for the instability of the phi 80 tandems and explains the relation between this phenomenon and the prophage ability to integrate into secondary attachment sites in the presence of the primary (normal) one. PMID- 3160633 TI - Beta-endorphin: a common factor in the antihypertensive action of clonidine-type imidazolines in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The hypotensive action of two novel imidazolinic alpha-adrenergic agonists (ICI 106270 and UK-14304) with similar pharmacological properties to clonidine was shown in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats. The antihypertensive effect of the clonidine-type agents was prevented by either peripheral administration of the opiate antagonist naloxone or by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection with a specific antibody against human beta-endorphin (BEN). A dose-response relationship was found for the hypotensive effect of i.c.v. given BEN in SH rats, the low blood pressure being significantly reversed by further treatment with either naloxone or anti-beta h-endorphin. These data confirm and extend the notion of a BEN mediation in the antihypertensive action of clonidine-type alpha adrenergic agonists in SH rats. PMID- 3160635 TI - [Bacterial contamination of the air in deep potassium mines]. PMID- 3160636 TI - [Nonspecific immunological factors of the body in workers manufacturing polyethylene terephthalate]. PMID- 3160637 TI - [Studies of bacterial flora of the vagina and surgical wounds after cesarean section]. PMID- 3160638 TI - Plasminogen activator activity in human endometrial carcinoma. AB - Plasminogen activator activity (PAA) has been proposed as an indicator of aggressiveness of tumors and has been shown to be hormonally modulated. To test this hypotheses in human endometrial carcinoma, tumor explants were assayed for PAA secretion and the results correlated with histopathologic criteria of aggressiveness. The effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on PAA secretion was also investigated. Lower levels of PAA were found to be associated with tumors displaying aggressive tendencies. MPA generally decreased PAA secretion. No apparent correlation was found between estrogen or progesterone receptor concentrations and PAA levels. PMID- 3160639 TI - Lack of beta-endorphin plasma level rise in oxytocin-induced labor. AB - beta-Endorphin (beta-EP), beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH) and cortisol plasma levels were measured during labor in 18 pregnant women. In 7 cases labor progressed spontaneously and in 11 cases oxytocin (5 mIU/min) was administered to stimulate uterine contractions. In control and oxytocin-treated subjects hourly blood samples were taken until delivery. In spontaneous labor all three hormones showed a progressive and significant increase until parturition. In oxytocin-treated patients, however, both beta-EP and beta-LPH remained constant until parturition. Cortisol levels in oxytocin-treated patients presented a significant increase but reached values significantly lower than in control patients. These results indicate that women with uterine hypocontractility during labor requiring oxytocin showed no rise in their plasma beta-EP and beta-LPH and a blunted cortisol rise during oxytocin administration. PMID- 3160640 TI - Proteoglycans from cultures of fibroblast from the human uterine cervix. AB - A small dermatan sulphate proteoglycan has been isolated from the human uterine cervix. The concentration of this proteoglycan has been shown to decrease during pregnancy. To study the mechanism behind this change fibroblasts from the human uterine cervix were established in culture. Their synthesis and secretion of proteoglycans were investigated by incubating the monolayer with 35SO4 and (3H) leucine for 48 h. Two dermatan sulphate proteoglycans and one heparan sulphate proteoglycan were isolated from the medium. The cell layer contained the same proteoglycans although in different proportions. The major dermatan sulphate proteoglycan accounting for 55% of the total macromolecular 35S was small with a molecular weight (MW) of 100,000 daltons. The side chains were calculated to be approximately 1-3 per protein core and included more than 50% iduronic acid containing disaccharides. This small dermatan sulphate proteoglycan is very similar to that isolated from the intact human uterine cervix. However, when cells were established in culture an additional larger dermatan sulphate proteoglycan with an MW of 400,000 daltons was synthesized. This proteoglycan was substituted for 4-8 polysaccharide side chains rich in glucuronic acid. 24% of the total macromolecular 35S were found in this proteoglycan. PMID- 3160641 TI - [The inhibitory effects of anti class II monoclonal antibodies against the proliferative response of autoreactive T-cell clone]. AB - The role of human class II antigens in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) was investigated. The AMLR between PBL as a responder and autologous EBV transformed cells as a stimulator was inhibited by anti class II framework (7B6) and anti DR (DI-4) monoclonal antibodies. Among monoclonal antibodies specific to DQ antigens, only HKD12 showed an inhibitory effect on AMLR. Of the autoreactive T-cell clones generated by AMLR, I-3 was peculiar; its proliferative response to autologous cells was inhibited only by HKD12. The inhibitory effect of HKD12 against AMLR or I-3 clone appeared to be epitope-specific. First, the result of sequential coprecipitation assay revealed that HKD12 reacted only a part of DQ antigen. Second, HKD12 did not inhibit allogeneic MLR. Third, the proliferative response of the I-3 clone was not inhibited by 7B6 which exerted a strong inhibitory effect on the proliferative response of autoreactive T-cell clones other than I-3 as well as allogeneic MLR. PMID- 3160643 TI - Streptozotocin diabetes in juvenile pigs. Evaluation of an experimental model. AB - Spontaneous diabetes in the domestic pig, an animal suitable for metabolic and endocrine studies and for experimental surgery, is extremely rare. In this study we have compared the diabetogenic response of various doses of streptozotocin in comparison to surgically induced diabetes. Streptozotocin in a low dose, 35 mg/kg body weight did not influence glucose metabolism while an intermediate dose, 85 mg/kg, resulted in a transient diabetic reaction. Streptozotocin, 100-150 mg/kg body weight, caused a complete and permanent diabetes. Animals made diabetic by means of pancreatectomy did not survive more than 10 days due to their poor general condition and diabetes. Streptozotocin induced diabetic animals survived with insulin treatment up to seven months. The results show that juvenile pigs made diabetic with 100-150 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin may be useful in experimental work on glucose-, insulin- and C-peptide-metabolism in a large animal. Therefore it is potentially useful in pancreatic transplantation research. PMID- 3160642 TI - Effects of insulin treatment on ketone body production and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase (CPT) activity in the isolated perfused liver from streptozotocin diabetic rats. AB - The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the effects of in vivo insulin treatment of streptozotocin (SZ) diabetic rats on the metabolism of the isolated, perfused liver. Perfused livers from SZ-diabetic rats showed a higher ketone body production and a higher mitochondrial carnitine-palmitoyl-transferase (CPT) activity than controls, while triglyceride (TG) output and free-fatty-acid (FFA) uptake were significantly reduced. In vivo insulin treatment normalized both the ketogenic capacity of the liver and CPT activity, while FFA uptake and TG production were still lower than in controls. A significant correlation was found between total ketone body output and CPT activity. We suggest that In vivo insulin treatment of SZ-diabetic rats can modulate the ketogenic capacity of the isolated, perfused liver. PMID- 3160644 TI - Changes of plasma levels of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity after acute clonidine administration in patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 3160646 TI - Frequency of consanguineous marriages among parents and grandparents of Down patients. AB - The existence of a rare autosomal gene which in the homozygous state would cause mitotic nondisjunction in the Down zygote has been hypothesized in the past by Alfi et al. (1980). This hypothesis can be supported or contradicted by the study of the frequency of consanguineous marriages among parents of affected children. Our study on 242 children affected with Down syndrome does not show any increase in the frequency of consanguineous marriages among their parents with respect to the general population, and therefore does not support the hypothesis of an autosomal gene controlling mitotic nondisjunction. Our data do not show any increase in the frequency of consanguineous marriages even among paternal and maternal grandparents of the affected children, thus not supporting the other possible explanation of an autosomal recessive condition in one of the patient's parents which would cause meiotic nondisjunction. PMID- 3160647 TI - Testing sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to spectinomycin. AB - A concentration of 16 mg/l spectinomycin incorporated in agar gave the best discrimination between Neisseria gonorrhoeae sensitive and resistant to spectinomycin. This method was compared with spectinomycin sensitivity testing with 25 micrograms or 100 micrograms discs. Both methods agreed fully for 197 spectinomycin sensitive and three spectinomycin resistant gonococci. The agar incorporation "breakpoint" concentration technique failed to detect a small spectinomycin resistant population in a fourth isolate, which was detected by disc testing. It may be possible to predict the emergence of spectinomycin resistance among strains of N gonorrhoeae. PMID- 3160648 TI - System design for speech recognition and generation. PMID- 3160645 TI - Trisomy 21 Down syndrome. Parental mosaicism. AB - The lymphocyte chromosomes of trisomy 21 Down syndrome patients and their parents in a random series of 374 families were analyzed, the objective being the identification of parental mosaicism. The numbers of parents in whom at least two trisomy 21 cells were detected were seven mothers and three fathers, a frequency of 2.7% of families. Confirmation of mosaicism was by identification of parental transmission of the extra chromosome to the progeny, by repeat chromosome analysis, and/or by the presence of more than one affected child. If to these are added six others in whom only one trisomic cell was detected, but with no other supporting evidence, the frequency could be as high as 4.3%. Differences in parental age at the birth of Down syndrome progeny may be accounted for by differences in frequencies of mosaicism in germ cells and somatic tissue. Mosaicism was found more frequently in the mothers than in the fathers, but more data are required for confirmation of a real difference. PMID- 3160649 TI - A speech prosthesis employing a speech synthesizer--vowel discrimination from perioral muscle activities and vowel production. PMID- 3160650 TI - Fast response ultrasonic flowmeter measures breathing dynamics. PMID- 3160651 TI - The I-J glycoprotein: genetic control, biochemistry, and function. AB - The I-J molecule is a mannosylated protein expressed early in T cell ontogeny in partially shielded form, later fully exposed on an activated T cell subset. Others determined a 25-30,000 molecular weight for cellular (Kumagai et al. 1984) and secreted forms (Taniguchi et al. 1984). Both the cell membrane and secreted types seem to govern genetically-restricted interactions completing suppressor cell circuits. The soluble I-J polypeptide has no antigen-binding site, but associates with an antigen-binding chain via disulfide bonding (Taniguchi et al. 1984, Lei et al. 1983). Similarly, evidence suggests that cellular I-J molecules are part of or proximal to T cell antigen receptor complexes (Fig. 4). At least two genes control T cell I-Jk expression, one apparently in I-E, another on chromosome 4. Undiscovered loci may also participate. Since I-J+ T cells do not transcribe I-region DNA, the I-E gene must be an untranscribed regulatory element in T cells or a protein translated in the host environment. If in the host environment, it probably does not function enzymatically to form T cell I-J epitopes; removed from the host, T cells biosynthesize complete I-J determinants. Host I-E gene products may regulate I-J expression in an early T cell maturation step. For example, the E alpha E beta proteins of thymic macrophages and epithelial cells may drive the expansion of T cells with E alpha E beta complementary receptors encoded by I-J genes outside H-2. Genetic control of this self receptor would then apparently map to the selective ligand gene, I-E, as well as the I-J structural gene elsewhere (Klyczek et al. 1984b). This attractive theory, proposed in its original form by Jerne (1971) and later by Schrader (1979), has received significant support. Definitive proof must await further experimentation. PMID- 3160652 TI - From LDH-B to J: an involuntary trip. PMID- 3160654 TI - A novel lymphokine derived from human IgG Fc receptor-bearing B cells: its suppressive effect on activated T and B lymphocytes including tumour cells in vitro. AB - Peripheral blood FcR gamma-bearing human B cells, but neither T cells nor adherent cells, produce an immunoregulatory lymphokine after receiving the stimulation of FcR gamma by immune complexes--antibody-sensitized erythrocytes (EA). This factor suppresses polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) production of B cells to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and Nocardia opaca delipidated cell mitogen (NDCM), indicating that not only B cells, but also T cells are targets for this factor. It also inhibits the proliferation of mitogen-activated mononuclear and T and B tumour cells in vitro. The inhibitory effect on tumour cell growth is cytostatic, but not cytotoxic as in the case of lymphotoxin (LT). All these suppressive effects are observed in a HLA-non-restricted manner. Irradiation (2000 rads) of FcR gamma + B cells does not inhibit the production of this suppressive factor, implying that DNA synthesis is unnecessary. Nonstimulated FcR gamma + B cells retain the precursor activity for Ig-forming cells, since mononuclear cells untreated with EA respond to the mitogens, resulting in Ig production. However, it is worthy to note that they lose the activity when stimulated with immune complexes. Thus, the property obtained from human FcR gamma + B cells is similar to, but distinct from, a murine suppressive B-cell factor (SBF) prepared by the same procedure as for the human factor. Nevertheless, the observation in the present studies on the human analogue to murine SBF suggests that this factor, tentatively termed human SBF, appears to be a novel lymphokine which is different from any other factors, including LT, and that FcR-bearing B cells play an important role in the immunoregulatory mechanism in humans, as in the case of mice. PMID- 3160655 TI - Detection and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific to IgE receptors on human lymphocytes by flow cytometry. AB - BALB/c mice were immunized with human lymphoblastoid cells (RPMI 8866 cells) expressing surface receptors for IgE (Fc epsilon R). Spleen cells from animals displaying high titres of anti-Fc epsilon R antibodies were fused with HGPRT deficient NSI myeloma cells. Anti-Fc epsilon R antibodies were identified by a flow cytometric assay based on their ability to block the binding of IgE-coated fluorescent latex particles to Fc epsilon R-positive cells. Fourteen monoclonal hybridoma cell lines secreting antibody of the required specificity were amplified in tissue culture and then grown in the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice in order to obtain ascitic fluids with high antibody titres. The specificity of each monoclonal antibody (Mab) to lymphocyte Fc epsilon R was shown by the following observations: (i) the intact monoclonal antibody molecule or, in some cases, its F(ab')2 fragments blocked the binding of IgE to several Fc epsilon R(+) cell lines different from that employed for the initial immunization; (ii) the Mab bound directly to all the Fc epsilon R(+) cell lines tested, but not to several Fc epsilon R(-) cells as determined by indirect immunofluorescence; (iii) the binding of Mab to Fc epsilon R(+) cells was selectively blocked by IgE, but not by the other classes of Ig; and (iv) Mab had no effect on the binding of IgG to Fc gamma R on normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PMID- 3160653 TI - Genetic, serological and functional analysis of I-J molecules. PMID- 3160656 TI - Limiting dilution analysis of the frequencies of helper and suppressor T cells in untreated and TNP-treated BALB/c mice: response as a consequence of perturbation of a stable steady state. AB - B-cell response and suppression of response were analysed with respect to changes in frequency or composition of regulatory elements in comparison to untreated BALB/c mice. As antigenic stimulus the hapten TNP was used. Suppression was induced by intravenous (i.v.) injection of TNP-haptenized syngeneic lymphocytes; for inducing response, mice received TNP-horse red blood cells (HRBC). As the read-out system, plaque-forming cells (PFC) were determined after either the addition of naive B cells only [determination of the frequency of helper T-cells (TH)], or the addition of naive B cells plus saturating doses of TNP-specific TH [determination of the frequency of suppressor T-cells (Ts)]. The data indicate that, in untreated animals, a network of help and suppression is pre-existing, wherein TH are more frequent (1/1471) than TS (1/4413), but TS are dominant, i.e. when the fraction of non-responding cultures (F0) (determination of help) was plotted, an inversion of the curve was seen at high numbers of cells per well; however, the fractions of responding cultures (F+) (determination of suppression) could be plotted on a straight line. Application of antigen in suppressogenic or immunogenic form resulted in a two- to four-fold increase in the corresponding regulatory population but, concomitantly, a minor increase in the frequency of the mutual counteracting population was observed. Irrespective of any immunization schedule, TH were more frequent than TS. The overall shape of the 'helper' and 'suppressor' curves with spleen cells (SC) from suppressed mice resembled--besides changes in the frequencies--those obtained with SC of untreated animals. This corresponds to the maintenance of a state of unresponsiveness as in untreated animals. However, when SC from primed or suppressed plus primed mice were analysed, a different type of curve was obtained. Suppressor curves no longer followed a ratio dominance model; instead, at high numbers of cells per well, the frequency of wells with suppressive activity decreased. Correspondingly, in helper curves, a second slope of increasing numbers of wells with helper activity was seen at a high input of cells. Hence, response cannot be explained solely by expansion/activation of TH, but obviously a third regulatory population is involved which could not be detected in untreated animals. This third regulatory population could either be non-suppressible TH or--more likely, as will be discussed--contrasuppressor cells. PMID- 3160657 TI - Metabolic and histopathological effects of streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats: effect of propranolol and insulin. PMID- 3160658 TI - Allostimulating cells in man. Quantitative variation in the expression of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ molecules influences T-cell activation. PMID- 3160659 TI - Assessment of neurotoxicity of clioquinol (Enterovioform) by visual evoked potentials. A preliminary communication. PMID- 3160660 TI - Opsonophagocytic killing activity of rabbit antibody to Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid exopolysaccharide. AB - We used an in vitro opsonophagocytic killing assay to measure the functional activity of antibody directed at the mucoid exopolysaccharide (MEP) antigen expressed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. Rabbit antibodies raised to purified MEP were able to mediate phagocytic killing in the presence of human peripheral blood leukocytes and a low level (final concentration, 0.3%) of fresh normal human serum as a complement source. No bacterial killing was observed when peripheral blood leukocytes, antiserum, or complement was omitted. Specificity of the antibody for the MEP antigen was shown by adsorption and inhibition assays. Affinity-purified antibody to MEP also mediate phagocytic killing. These data indicate that antiphagocytic properties attributable to MEP can be overcome by specific antibody. PMID- 3160662 TI - Cloning and expression of two Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferases in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Chromosomal DNA from Streptococcus mutans strain MFe28 (serotype h) was cloned in the bacteriophage vector lambda L47.1. Two classes of recombinants were found which expressed glucosyltransferase activity in phage plaques: (i) gtfS, which expressed a glucosyltransferase synthesizing a water-soluble, dextranase sensitive glucan, and (ii) gtfI, which expressed a primer-dependent glucosyltransferase synthesizing an insoluble glucan. PMID- 3160661 TI - In vitro parasite-monocyte interactions in human leishmaniasis: possible role of fibronectin in parasite attachment. AB - Leishmania spp. must attach to mononuclear phagocyte surfaces before entering this host cell. We investigated the potential role of fibronectin in facilitating parasite attachment. Human plasma fibronectin bound to axenically cultured promastigotes, and promastigotes and amastigotes preferentially bound to fibronectin-coated cover slips. Promastigotes grown in the absence of fibronectin were strikingly deficient in their ability to attach to human monocytes compared with promastigotes grown in the presence of fibronectin. Rabbit anti-human plasma fibronectin antiserum decreased promastigote and amastigote attachment to monocytes. Immunoglobulin G F(ab')2 and Fab fragments also reduced the ability of amastigotes to bind to monocytes. Antiserum pretreatment of amastigotes followed by washing resulted in reduced parasite binding, whereas antibody pretreatment of monocytes did not. Addition of exogenous fibronectin did not enhance parasite attachment to monocytes. These findings suggest that Leishmania spp. can bind fibronectin and may utilize this glycoprotein to facilitate attachment to the mononuclear phagocytes that they infect. PMID- 3160663 TI - Specific suppressor T cells for delayed-type hypersensitivity in susceptible mice immunized against cutaneous leishmaniasis. AB - BALB/c mice injected intravenously with 10(6) or higher doses of formaldehyde fixed promastigotes (ffp) of Leishmania major developed significantly lower levels of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) compared with uninjected control mice when they were subsequently immunized intradermally with ffp. The suppression of DTH was antigen specific and was also inducible with lethally irradiated promastigotes or soluble parasite antigens. The suppressive effect was adoptively transferable with splenic T cells which express the Lyt-1+2+ and L3T4+ phenotypes. These specific suppressor T cells were active against both the inductive and expressive phases of DTH. They were sensitive to 200 rads of gamma irradiation in vitro and appeared to manifest the suppressive activity via soluble factors. In spite of this profound suppression of DTH, BALB/c mice injected intravenously with 4 X 10(7) ffp were substantially protected against a challenge infection with L. major promastigotes. The possible relationship between the suppressor T cells for DTH and prophylactic immunization against fatal cutaneous leishmanial infection in susceptible BALB/c mice is discussed. PMID- 3160665 TI - Bonding of restorative materials to dentine. AB - The potential advantages of bonding a filling material to dentine have long been recognized by the dental profession. Such bonding would prevent recurrent decay and would provide a long-lasting restoration. Bonding of suitable filling materials to enamel can be easily accomplished by first etching the enamel with acid. This opens up areas in the enamel and permits filling materials to flow into the openings and form mechanical locks. It is not possible to do this with dentine since the acid used to etch enamel would harm the pulp when applied to dentine. The present status of dentine bonding is that a small number of products are now being marketed with claims of bonding to dentine. In addition, research is being conducted on some experimental products. Results in the laboratory show that the bond strengths achieved by composite resins, using the commercially available materials on dentine, do not reach those obtained with acid etched enamel. The correlation of these results with clinical performance is unknown. Therefore, the amount of available information is at present insufficient to make recommendations on the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of commercially available dentine bonding systems. However, it appears that caution should be employed when using any product requiring an etchant or acidic cleansing agent. There is a need for further research to gain better understanding of the biological safety and effectiveness of both the present commercial and experimental dentine bonding systems. PMID- 3160664 TI - Trypsin-sensitive, bovine serum albumin-dependent hemolysis activity in Mycoplasma pulmonis. AB - Although Mycoplasma pulmonis did not lyse normal erythrocytes, it rapidly lysed erythrocytes that had cytoskeletal deficiencies which allow increased diffusion of membrane glycophorin or that had been treated with trypsin to remove surface proteins. This hemolysis occurred only in the presence of bovine serum albumin and was eliminated by trypsin treatment of the mycoplasma. Hemolytic activity was restored after such trypsin treatment when mycoplasma protein synthesis was allowed. M. pulmonis hemolytic activity was not diffusible and thus differed from the activities reported for other mycoplasmas, which involve small diffusible intermediates such as hydrogen peroxide. With the exception of the requirement for bovine serum albumin, the factors which affected hemolysis were similar to those which we have previously reported to affect M. pulmonis hemagglutination, suggesting that these two activities are functionally related. PMID- 3160666 TI - Effects of a single oral dose of dinitrochlorobenzene on T lymphocyte distribution and migration in the gut. AB - In the present study the effects of a large oral dose of the contact allergen dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) on the distribution of T-cell subsets in the small intestines and the emigration pattern of lymphocytes from Peyer's patches were investigated. Apart from the inflammatory effects, DNCB administration resulted in an influx on the T-helper cells in the villi. Precise quantification of T lymphocytes showed a decrease in Peyer's patches and an increase in mesenteric lymph node cell suspensions. However, no differences could be found in the emigration rate of T-cell subsets from Peyer's patches into mesenteric lymph nodes, suggesting that the increase of T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes results from T-helper cells directly immigrating from the villi. PMID- 3160667 TI - T cell dependence of human IgE response: quantitative and functional studies. AB - In 108 allergic and nonallergic patients T3, T4 and T8 cells were quantified. No significant differences were found when comparing healthy and allergic individuals. Functionally, the role of T8 suppressor and cytotoxic population was studied by removing this subset, comparing the IgE produced in vitro by peripheral blood lymphocytes of unfractionated and T8-depleted cultures. Results indicate a statistically significant increase of the in vitro IgE production when cultures from healthy people and 'normoproducer' allergics (in vitro spontaneous IgE production no more than 900 pg/ml/10(7) cells) were depleted of T8 cells. The same experiments in 'hyperproducer' allergics (in vitro spontaneous IgE production more than 900 pg/ml/10(7) cells) show no significant difference in the IgE production when T8 cells were depleted. PMID- 3160668 TI - Biological effects of gamma-interferon on human tumor cells: quantity and affinity of cell membrane receptors for gamma-IFN in relation to growth inhibition and induction of HLA-DR expression. AB - A large difference in the number of gamma-IFN receptors was found on a variety of human tumor cell lines with a range of 0.4 to 15 X 10(3) binding sites/cell. The receptor number did not correlate with the potential responsiveness of the cells to gamma-IFN, in regard to either growth inhibition or induction of HLA-DR expression, two independently regulated gamma-IFN effects. However, with respect to HLA-DR expression it was found that the gamma-IFN sensitivity of inducible cell lines depended on the number of receptors, so that with increasing number of receptors present on these cells lower doses of gamma-IFN were required for induction of the gamma-IFN effect. PMID- 3160669 TI - Down-regulation of peripheral blood cell interferon receptors in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients undergoing human interferon (HuIFN alpha) therapy. AB - Our interest in studying interferon (IFN) receptor activity in peripheral blood cells (PBCs) from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) receiving therapeutic doses of partially purified leukocyte IFN (IFN alpha) stems from a need for more adequate monitoring of IFN therapy. The binding of 35S-labelled recombinant DNA-derived leukocyte clone A IFN (35S-rIFN alpha A) to PBCs from 8 patients with CML was determined before and during IFN alpha treatment. The patients' mean pretherapy binding level (0.049 femtomoles of bound 35S-rIFN alpha A) was in the range of values obtained from 4 normal donors (mean of 0.054 femtomoles bound). Within 24 hr of the first IFN alpha dose, the mean femtomoles bound decreased 10-fold and remained low during the course of IFN alpha treatment. In I/I patient, we demonstrated that this decreased binding was due to a loss in number of IFN receptors. The apparent number of receptors after 5 doses of IFN alpha decreased from approximately 600 receptors per cell at pretherapy to approximately 75 receptors per cell, with no difference in the dissociation constants (1.13 X 10(-10)M, 0.968 X 10(-10)M, before and during treatment, respectively). In 4/4 patients, we demonstrated indirectly that the decreased binding was not due to receptor saturation as a result of residual circulating IFN alpha. In 3/3 patients, we demonstrated a gradual recovery of binding capacity after incubating the patients' PBCs at 37 degrees C. Within 2-7 days in vivo recovery of binding, comparable to pretherapy levels, was observed in 3/3 patients whose IFN alpha therapy was discontinued. Combining all these data, we conclude that in both responding and nonresponding patients with CML, IFN alpha exposure induces decreased binding of labelled IFN when a single recombinant DNA derived IFN species is used. We feel the supporting data indicate that the decreased binding capacity may be due to receptor down-regulation. In the limited number of patients studied thus far, there was no correlation between clinical hematologic response and occurrence of down-regulation, however, down-regulation of cell surface receptors may be required to sustain a biological effect. Further studies of both the kinetics of down-regulation and activation of key enzyme systems are required to fully evaluate the relevance of these findings. PMID- 3160670 TI - Survey of a population with a high incidence of oral and oesophageal cancer. AB - The results of a survey of a population with a high incidence of oral and oesophageal cancer are presented. The population under study appears to have several epidemiologic characteristics, some of which may be associated with a high incidence of oral and oesophageal cancer. A remarkably high proportion (41%) of the men surveyed were nass users and this habit, like the use of other types of tobacco mixtures, has been related to oral cancer. Oral leukoplakia and chronic oesophagitis (conditions thought to be precursors of oral and oesophageal cancer) have been diagnosed in 11% and 60%, respectively, of the persons examined. Analysis of the relationship between nass use, cigarette smoking, oral leukoplakia and oesophagitis revealed that the prevalence of oral leukoplakia is highest among cigarette smokers who use nass. It appears that nass use does not affect the frequency of occurrence of chronic oesophagitis. However, a slight elevation of the prevalence odds ratio was observed for current smokers and drinkers. Biochemical analysis of the blood of a random sample of the surveyed population revealed low levels of riboflavin, vitamin A and carotenoids--vitamins that most probably have a protective effect against the development of cancer. The mutagenicity test has shown that nass contains a chemical or chemicals that exert a genotoxic effect. Chemical analysis revealed the presence in nass of tobacco-specific N-nitroso compounds. PMID- 3160671 TI - Differential responsiveness of cloned mammary carcinoma cell populations to the human recombinant leukocyte interferon enhancement of tumor antigen expression. AB - We have previously shown that a recombinant human leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha A)5 can mediate an increase in cell surface tumor antigen expression in human carcinoma cells but not normal cells (Greiner et al., 1984). Such a biological response modifier may prove useful in circumventing the problem of antigenic heterogeneity and could increase the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for detection and/or therapy of human carcinoma lesions. These studies also revealed that, within populations of human carcinoma cells, there exist subpopulations which are unresponsive to the antigen-enhancing properties of IFN alpha A. Utilizing cloned cell populations from the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line, we now report the differential responsiveness to the tumor antigen enhancing and antiproliferative actions of IFN-alpha A. Binding of MAb B72.3 to the 220-400 kd tumor antigen, TAG-72, is increased by IFN-alpha A treatment on the surface of the parental MCF-7 cell line and 2 cloned cell populations. A third MCF-7 clone does not express this antigen either before or after IFN-alpha A treatment, but does express a 90 kd tumor antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen which bind MAbs B6.2 and B1.1, respectively. The level of expression of these 2 surface tumor antigens remained unchanged upon interferon treatment. The growth of the parental MCF-7 cells and the 3 cloned cell lines was, however, inhibited by IFN-alpha A. These cell lines also exhibited approximately the same number of interferon receptors with similar binding affinities for IFN-alpha A. The results demonstrate a dissociation of two biological actions of IFN-alpha A antiproliferative activity and enhancement of tumor antigen expression within a cloned human carcinoma cell line. Our studies also indicate that the differential response of cloned MCF-7 cells to tumor antigen modulation by interferon involves alterations in the transduction of signals occurring distal to receptor occupancy within the biochemical pathways responsible for the actions of this biological response modifier. In addition, the clonal cell lines we have isolated which differ in their responsiveness to interferon should prove valuable in analyzing the molecular basis of interferon actions and may provide insights into the mechanism by which this compound confers its antitumor activity. PMID- 3160673 TI - Midazolam kinetics before, during and after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. AB - Gas-chromatographically determined serum concentrations of midazolam were recorded before, during and after cardiopulmonary bypass in patients scheduled for a coronary artery bypass grafting operation. Following single 0.075 mg/kg (n = 6) and 0.15 mg/kg (n = 6) intravenous injections of midazolam, a mean distribution phase half-life of 3.4 and 4.4 min respectively was calculated. At the establishment of the bypass, a rapid drop in the concentration of midazolam was observed followed by a significant increase in concentration during the postperfusion period. The apparent mean elimination phase half-life (281 min) of midazolam was longer than that (about 120 min) measured in earlier works in young, healthy subjects. Thus the metabolism of midazolam during the postperfusion period appears to be slower. PMID- 3160672 TI - Systemic adoptive transfer of immunity and low-dose irradiation eradicate metastases of 13762A rat mammary adenocarcinoma. AB - Rats cured of poorly immunogenic 13762A tumor by a combination of surgery and cyclophosphamide (CY) treatments produced peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) that prevented tumor growth when transferred to naive recipients, but they were ineffective against established tumor. A highly immunogenic 13762A clone (18A) induced PEC lymphocytes that completely reversed the growth of established primary tumor and of lymph-node metastases. 18A-immune PEC alone strongly inhibited tumors of 7 days' duration, but only moderately suppressed 14-day tumors, and had no effect on 21-day tumors. Irradiation (450 R) of rats prior to tumor transplantation improved the effectiveness of the PEC given at 7 days, but the benefit had gone by 14 days. Long-term T-cell depletion prior to tumor challenge allowed PEC inhibition of 7- and 14-day tumors, but not 21-day tumors. The most potent strategy was the administration of 450 R followed immediately by immune PEC. When rats with 21-day tumors were so treated, the metastases grew temporarily to a maximum diameter of 2-5 cm and then completely regressed. We concluded that a combination of immune T cells and 450 R can cure established, massive metastases, probably through a combination of an increase in the numbers of T-cell effectors and elimination of suppressor cells. PMID- 3160674 TI - Non-contact tonometry and pupillary responses to topical phenylephrine and thymoxamine. PMID- 3160676 TI - Disorders of transepidermal elimination. Part 1. PMID- 3160677 TI - Alcoholism and skin disease. AB - One hundred and one patients who met criteria for alcoholism were evaluated for dermatologic signs. There were 98 men and 3 women, with an average age of 40.85 years; 40 were white and 61 black. Significant findings were no skin disease in 19, acne in 27, folliculitis in 8, seborrheic dermatitis in 12, tinea pedis in 32, and xerosis in 7. Only two patients had rosacea, which is contrary to previously held beliefs about the drinker's nose. PMID- 3160678 TI - Combination psychopharmacological and behavioral therapy in Huntington's chorea: a case study. PMID- 3160679 TI - Effect of lidocaine on the function of immunocompetent cells. II. Chronic in vivo exposure and its effects on mouse lymphocyte activation and expression of immunity. AB - In vivo exposure of mice to lidocaine (0.25 mg/10 g body weight 4 times a day for 7 days) resulted in impairment of immunocompetent cell function. Spleen lymphocytes removed from animals immediately and 3 days after lidocaine exposure showed changes in their surface charge properties, inhibition of blastogenesis in response to concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide, and inhibition of antigen stimulated activation as measured by the mixed lymphocyte reaction. Lymphocytes from animals sensitized to keyhole limpet hemocyanin showed a significantly lower capacity to produce macrophage migration inhibitory factor 8 days after termination of exposure to lidocaine. Animals exposed to the drug were unable to accumulate an adequate number of immunocompetent cells at the site of challenge with a foreign substance (i.e. dextran), and the ability of the animals to destroy tumor cells nonspecifically and specifically was also impaired. The results indicated that chronic exposure to lidocaine resulted in impairment of lymphocyte function, even in the subsequent absence of the drug, and in significant changes in the expression of the immune response. PMID- 3160675 TI - Recent advances in the treatment of low back pain. AB - There is at the present time an epidemic of low back pain in the industrialized countries. Although the exact origin of such pain is still unknown, there is increasing awareness that the outcome is usually favourable. Only some 10% of those suffering an acute episode of back pain are incapacitated for more than 6 weeks. The causes of long standing back pain are being identified in an increasing number of patients. They include anatomical and pathological disturbances in the motion segment as well as psychological, social and political causes. There are numerous factors which influence the pathophysiology of the motion segment. The degree of loading has been successfully measured and delineated for various postures and exercises, including those at work. The nutritional pathways to the disc have been established and the effect of various external factors measured. Movement is good for the disc and the importance of continuous passive motion for the healing of diseased or injured connective tissues is not established. Activation of large muscle groups increases the production of the body's pain reducing encephalins. Early diagnosis and early mobilisation of the patient should be of benefit, and long term bed rest and inactivity must be prevented. Fewer cases will need operation in the future. Improved imaging techniques and better methods of operation and fixation will help those few who have a definite pathological lesion amenable to surgery. PMID- 3160680 TI - Effect of H1 and H2 agonists on the chemiluminescence of human blood mononuclear cells induced by phytohaemagglutinin. AB - Previous results have shown a dose-dependent inhibition of the phytohaemagglutinin-elicited chemiluminescent response by histamine on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMs). The aim of the present experiments was to investigate the receptor specificity of this histamine action. The order of effectiveness of different histaminergic agonists was 4-methylhistamine greater than histamine = impromidine greater than dimaprit much greater than 2 methylhistamine greater than 2-pyridylethylamine. Cimetidine inhibited and mepyramine enhanced this effect of histaminergic agonists. The results are consistent with the view that histamine inhibits the chemiluminescent reaction of PBMs via H2 receptors. Histamine in low doses (10(-8) to 10(-10) M) stimulated the chemiluminescent reaction. Cimetidine enhanced the chemiluminescence facilitatory action of histamine and unmasked that of 2-pyridylethylamine. It is concluded that histamine is a possible humoral modulator of PBM activity: it is inhibitory via H2 receptors. PMID- 3160681 TI - The diagnosis of lumbar stenosis. Analysis of clinical and radiographic findings in 43 cases. AB - This study is based on 43 cases of lumbar spinal stenosis-37 involving the spinal canal and 6 involving isolated radicular canals. The clinical features are analysed, also the radiographic investigations currently used in the investigation of this pathological condition. Three distinct clinical syndromes are differentiated; continuous (acute or chronic), intermittent, combined. The last is the most frequent type. All the patients with stenosis of the canal showed significant radiographic changes, the most frequent being total or subtotal block on myelography with posterior impingement on the dural sac. In stenosis of the radicular canal the affected root was either displaced medially or cut off (amputated). Computerised tomography gives less precise results than radiculography. PMID- 3160682 TI - Impaired newborns and the hardship on parents. PMID- 3160683 TI - [Therapy of alopecia areata with diphenylcyclopropenone]. AB - Induction and maintenance of contact dermatitis of the scalp has proved effective in producing regrowth of hair in patients with alopecia areata. We observed regrowth of hair in 17 out of 20 patients after local application of the contact allergen, diphenylcyclopropenone. Only 3 patients were treated without success. In 3 patients regrowth of hair was also seen in areas that were not treated with diphenylcyclopropenone, suggesting that this treatment has an additional systemic effect. Patient acceptance of the induced dermatitis was excellent. PMID- 3160684 TI - Thin layer chromatographic identification and quantitation of niacin and niacinamide in pharmaceutical preparations. AB - A safe and simple thin layer chromatographic method has been developed for the estimation of niacin and niacinamide in pharmaceutical preparations containing other vitamins, enzymes, herbs, antiamoebic drugs, etc. The method involves removal of excipients from the preparation by ethanol precipitation and isolation of niacin or niacinamide from other ingredients by TLC on silica gel with water as developing solvent, followed by extraction in 0.1N HCl, and spectrophotometric estimation of the vitamin at 262 nm. The percent recoveries for niacin and niacinamide were 100.1 +/- 1.9 and 100.2 +/- 1.5, respectively. PMID- 3160685 TI - Use of ipratropium aerosol in the long-term management of asthma. AB - In order to assess the efficacy and safety of ipratropium in the long-term management of chronic asthma, 20 stable and ambulatory asthmatics were followed for 1 year. Clinical and spirometric examinations were performed on all 20 patients at the start of the study and on six other occasions. FEV1, FVC, MMFR, heart rate, and blood pressure were recorded immediately before and 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after the administration of 40 micrograms of ipratropium. During these visits, patients were asked to rate their breathing during the preceding period, describe (any) side effects, and assess the impact of ipratropium in their inhalation. During their visits, significant improvements in FEV1 and FVC (p less than 0.05) were noted for a majority of the patients. As the study progressed, more and more patients were observed to experience significant improvements in their FEV1, FVC, and MMFR. All ECG measurements and biochemical tests were normal. Side effects of minimal severity were reported on two occasions during the 100 patient-visits. Our study indicates that an ipratropium based regimen is efficacious, safe, and well received by chronic asthmatics. PMID- 3160686 TI - Plaque color method for rapid isolation of novel recA mutants of Escherichia coli K-12: new classes of protease-constitutive recA mutants. AB - As a prerequisite to mutational analysis of functional sites on the RecA protein of Escherichia coli, a method was developed for rapid isolation of recA mutants with altered RecA protease function. The method involves plating mutagenized lambda recA+ cI ind on strains deleted for recA and containing, as indicators of RecA protease activity, Mu d(Ap lac) fusions in RecA-inducible genes. The lambda recA phages were recognized by their altered plaque colors, and the RecA protease activity of the lambda recA mutant lysogens was measured by expression of beta galactosidase from dinD::lac. One class of recA mutants had constitutive protease activity and was designated Prtc; in these cells the RecA protein was always in the protease form without the usual need for DNA damage to activate it. Some Prtc mutants were recombinase negative and were designated Prtc Rec-. Another class of 65 recA mutants isolated as being protease defective were all also recombinase defective. Unlike the original temperature-dependent Prtc Rec+ mutant (recA441), the new Prtc Rec+ mutants showed constitutive protease activity at any growth temperature, with some having considerably greater activity than the recA441 strain. Study of these strong Prtc Rec+ mutants revealed a new SOS phenomenon, increased permeability to drugs. Use of this new SOS phenomenon as an index of protease strength clearly distinguished 5 Prtc mutants as the strongest among 150. These five strongest Prtc mutants showed the greatest increase in spontaneous mutation frequency and were not inhibited by cytidine plus guanosine, which inhibited the constitutive protease activity of the recA441 strain and of all the other new Prtc mutants. Strong Prtc Rec+ mutants were more UV resistant than recA+ strains and showed indications of having RecA proteins whose specific activity of recombinase function was higher than that of wild-type RecA. A Prt+ Rec- mutant with an anomalous response to effectors is described. PMID- 3160687 TI - Isolation of protease-proficient, recombinase-deficient recA mutants of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - We isolated recA mutants with altered protease activity and then examined recombinase activity to determine whether the protease and recombinase functions of the RecA protein of Escherichia coli are separable. We found five mutants that had moderately strong constitutive RecA protease activity but no recombinase activity above the delta recA strain background, the first clear-cut examples of mutants of this class, designated Prtc Rec-. We also isolated 65 mutants that were protease-defective toward the LexA repressor and found that all of them were also recombinase deficient. Four of these mutants retained both partial recombinase activity and partial inducible protease activity. The recombinase defective mutants were much more sensitive than the recA+ strain to crystal violet, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol, indicating altered membrane permeability. The recA (Prtc Rec-) mutants had a subtle alteration in protease specificity, all being defective in spontaneous induction of phages lambda imm434 and 21. They differed from Prtc Rec+ mutants of comparable or even weaker constitutive protease strength, all of which showed dramatic spontaneous induction of these prophages. However, treating a Prtc Rec- mutant with mitomycin C resulted in significant prophage induction. Thus, the RecA proteins of the Prtc Rec- mutants have constitutive protease activity toward the LexA repressor, but have only DNA damage-activable protease activity toward phage repressors. UV-induced mutagenesis from his to his+ was studied for one Prtc Rec- mutant, and induced mutation frequencies as high as those for the recA+ strain were found despite the absence of recombinase activity. PMID- 3160690 TI - Restoration of Ca2+-transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase solubilized with octaethyleneglycol mono n-dodecyl ether. AB - One mg protein/ml of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle were solubilized with 50 mg/ml of octaethyleneglycol mono n dodecyl ether (C12E8) in a solution containing 5 mM CaCl2, 0.1 M KCl, and 20% glycerol at pH 7.5. When 30 mg/ml of soybean lecithin was added to this mixture and then incubated with Bio-beads SM-2 at 20 degrees C for 1.5 h to remove the detergent from the mixture, proteoliposomes were formed. This process restored Ca2+-uptake activity to approximately 50% of that of control sR. However, Ca2+ transport was not observed when SR membranes were formed without the addition of soybean lecithin. The reconstituted vesicles also catalyze Ca2+-release, which is coupled to the backward reaction which forms ATP from ADP and P1 in the presence of a Ca2+-gradient across the membrane. When the reconstituted vesicles were subjected to equilibrium centrifugation in a 5 to 25% glycerol density gradient, all of the Ca2+-transport activity was closely associated with the fraction containing soybean liposome. PMID- 3160688 TI - Inhibitory effect of high-level transcription of the bacteriophage lambda nutL region on transcription of rRNA in Escherichia coli. AB - Transcription of the bacteriophage lambda nutL region from the PL promoter on a multicopy plasmid in Escherichia coli causes a reduction in growth rate and in transcription of rRNA relative both to total transcription and to transcription of tRNAs that are not encoded in rRNA operons. These observations support the hypothesis, previously based on nut site DNA sequence homology, that the phage lambda and rRNA antitermination systems are related. PMID- 3160691 TI - Phosphorylation of myosin light chain and the actin-activated ATPase activity of adrenal medullary myosin. AB - Myosin light chain kinase was partially purified from bovine adrenal medulla. A polypeptide of Mr 165,000 dalton was identified as kinase by using anti-gizzard myosin light chain kinase IgG on immunoreplica. Phosphorylation of medullary myosin was Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent. The phosphorylated myosin was showed to enhance the actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase activity. In contrast, the myosin ATPase activity was dramatically decreased by dephosphorylation of myosin. PMID- 3160692 TI - Monomeric Acanthamoeba myosins I support movement in vitro. AB - Acanthamoeba myosins IA and IB were found to have molecular weights of 159,000 and 150,000 and Stokes radii of 6.2 and 5.9 nm, respectively. Both enzymes have frictional ratios of 1.7. Myosin IA consists of 22% alpha-helix, 32% beta structure, and 46% unordered structure, while myosin IB is 16% alpha-helix, 46% beta-structure, and 38% unordered. Both myosins remain monomolecular under conditions in which other myosins form filaments. Beads coated with myosin IA or IB move unidirectionally on actin cables of Nitella. Movement requires ATP and phosphorylation of the myosin I heavy chain which is also required for actin activated Mg2+-ATPase activity. Movement is inhibited by myosin I antiserum that inhibits actin-activated ATPase activity. These studies establish that these nonfilamentous, monomolecular myosins with single heavy chains of 130,000 and 125,000 daltons (IA and IB, respectively) can support actin-dependent movement analogous to that supported by filamentous myosins. PMID- 3160689 TI - Direct selection of mutations reducing transcription or translation of the recA gene of Escherichia coli with a recA-lacZ protein fusion. AB - When a recA-lacZ protein fusion was cloned into phage lambda, the resulting transducing phage grew normally on wild-type Escherichia coli, but its growth was severely inhibited in lexA(Def) mutant strains that express recA constitutively at high levels. Mutants of the transducing phage that grew on the lexA(Def) strains were isolated and were found to affect production of the RecA-beta galactosidase hybrid protein. Most mutants, including a number of nonsense mutants, were phenotypically LacZ-. LacZ+ mutants were also isolated; most of these expressed lower basal and induced levels of beta-galactosidase activity. DNA sequence analysis revealed that some of the LacZ+ mutations were in the recA promoter. One of these was found to prevent induction. Unexpectedly, three of the mutations that reduced expression were located in the recA structural gene, at codons 10, 11, and 12. Further analysis of the codon 10 mutant showed that it most likely affected translation since it had little effect on transcription as measured by beta-galactosidase synthesis from a recA-lacZ operon fusion. This expression defect was not limited to the protein fusion, since the codon 10 mutation also reduced synthesis of RecA protein when present in a complete recA gene. Analysis of the recA DNA sequence in the fusion revealed that each of the mutations at codons 10, 11, and 12 increases the homology between this region of the mRNA and a sequence found at codons 1 to 4. Thus, the secondary structure of the mutant recA mRNAs may be affecting translation. PMID- 3160693 TI - Dual actions of phorbol esters on cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations and reconstitution with ionomycin of acute thyrotropin-releasing hormone responses. AB - We have used phorbol esters, such as 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), to study the actions of protein kinase C (a TPA receptor) on cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations [( Ca2+]i) and hormone secretion in rat pituitary cells (GH cells), and to elucidate the role of diacylglycerol (a protein kinase C activator) in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) action. TPA had a dual action on [Ca2+]i, inducing a stimulatory phase from 300 (basal) to 420 nM, which was interrupted in 30-60 s by an inhibitory phase which transiently lowered [Ca2+]i to 240 nM and rose in 3-10 min to yield the stimulatory phase. TPA-mediated changes in [Ca2+]i were induced by other phorbol esters and mezerein but not by phorbol or activators of kinases different from protein kinase C. Both phases of TPA action on [Ca2+]i were abolished by 5-min pretreatment with ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) (1.33 mM) or Ca2+ channel antagonists (verapamil or nifedipine). TPA also enhanced the rate of sustained hormone secretion without inducing a burst of hormone release (unlike TRH). Also, stimulation of secretion by TPA was not inhibited by Ca2+ channel antagonists and was resistant (10%) to EGTA. Simultaneous addition of TPA with the ionophore ionomycin (100 nM) reconstituted a TRH-like spike, nadir and plateau of [Ca2+]i. Ionomycin generated the spike in [Ca2+]i by releasing TRH sensitive Ca2+ stores, while TPA induced the nadir (inhibitory phase), and a nifedipine/verapamil-sensitive plateau of [Ca2+]i (stimulatory phase). Concurrent (but not separate) addition of ionomycin and TPA also reconstituted a TRH-like burst of hormone secretion. These and previous results indicate that activation of protein kinase C by TPA or diacylglycerol (which is elevated by TRH) and a simultaneous spike in [Ca2+]i are required for burst secretion. Diacylglycerol may also mediate the TRH-induced nadir and plateau of [Ca2+]i; the latter process contributes to Ca2+-dependent stimulation of steady secretion by TRH. PMID- 3160694 TI - Phosphorylation of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase by protein kinase C. Comparative study of the phosphorylated sites. AB - Smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase is phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase C purified from human platelets. When myosin light chain kinase which has calmodulin bound is phosphorylated by protein kinase C, 0.8-1.1 mol of phosphate is incorporated per mol of myosin light chain kinase with no effect on its enzyme activity. Phosphorylation of myosin light chain kinase with no calmodulin bound results in the incorporation of 2-2.4 mol of phosphate and significantly decreases the rate of myosin light chain kinase activity. The decrease in myosin light chain kinase activity is due to a 3.3-fold increase in the concentration of calmodulin necessary for the half-maximal activation of myosin light chain kinase. The sites phosphorylated by protein kinase C and the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase were compared by two-dimensional peptide mapping following extensive tryptic digestion of phosphorylated myosin light chain kinase. The single site phosphorylated by protein kinase C when calmodulin is bound to myosin light chain kinase (site 3) is different from that phosphorylated by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (site 1). The additional site that is phosphorylated by protein kinase C when calmodulin is not bound appears to be the same site phosphorylated by the catalytic subunit of cAMP dependent protein kinase (site 2). These studies confirm the important role of site 2 in binding calmodulin to myosin light chain kinase. Sequential studies using both protein kinase C and the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase suggest that the phosphorylation of site 1 also plays a part in decreasing the affinity of myosin light chain kinase for calmodulin. PMID- 3160695 TI - Evidence that platelet and skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase are structurally distinct. AB - Proteolytic digestion and indirect immunostaining were used to compare the platelet and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase proteins. When the platelet and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase proteins were digested in the native state with trypsin, the platelet Ca2+-ATPase, which had an apparent undigested molecular mass of 103 kDa, yielded 78-kDa and 25-kDa fragments. Calcium transport activity depended on the integrity of the 103-kDa protein, while the digested protein had residual ATPase activity. Tryptic digestion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum pump protein, which also had an undigested molecular mass of 103 kDa, yielded products with apparent molecular masses of 55 kDa, 36 kDa, and 26 kDa. Distinct patterns were also observed when the platelet and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump proteins were digested with chymotrypsin and Staphylococcus aureus protease in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Chymotrypsin digestion of the platelet protein resulted in the appearance of products with apparent molecular masses of 70 kDa, 39 kDa, and 31 kDa, while a similar digestion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump protein yielded 54-kDa, 52.5-kDa, 46-kDa, 41 kDa, and 36-kDa fragments. Exposure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and platelet Ca2+-ATPase proteins to S. aureus protease also yielded dissimilar fragmentation patterns. These results indicate that the Ca2+-ATPases from platelets and sarcoplasmic reticulum are distinct proteins. PMID- 3160696 TI - Synthesis and transport of lysosomal acid phosphatase in normal and I-cell fibroblasts. AB - The biosynthesis, proteolytic processing, and transport of lysosomal acid phosphatase in normal and I-cell human skin fibroblasts was studied by metabolic labeling of the cells and isolation of acid phosphatase by immunoprecipitation. Several forms of the enzyme were identified in pulse-chase experiments. The largest precursor form had a Mr of 110,000. It was accompanied by several smaller polypeptides (Mr = 84,000-62,000), which were localized to light membranes containing the markers of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. These polypeptides were further processed to mature forms with apparent Mr of 57,000, 48,000, and 43,000 that accumulated in the cells and were associated with dense lysosomes. Less than 10% of newly synthesized acid phosphatase was secreted mainly as Mr = 112,000 and 74,000 forms. The processing of acid phosphatase was inhibited by NH4Cl and by a peptidyldiazomethyl ketone inhibitor of cysteine proteinases. The intracellular Mr = 110,000, 57,000, and 48,000 and the secreted Mr = 112,000 and 64,000 forms contained phosphorylated oligosaccharides cleavable by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. Transport of acid phosphatase into lysosomes was sensitive to NH4Cl and dependent on mannose 6-phosphate specific receptors by the following criteria: (i) inhibition of endocytosis of acid phosphatase by mannose 6-phosphate, (ii) enhancement of the secretion of acid phosphatase in the presence of antibodies to the mannose 6-phosphatase specific receptor, and (iii) secretion of about two-thirds of newly synthesized acid phosphatase in I-cell fibroblasts. Obviously, the mechanism of transport of acid phosphatase into lysosomes is indistinguishable from that operating for other lysosomal enzymes in fibroblasts. In contrast to other lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase appears to be subjected to an early proteolytic processing, presumably within the endoplasmic reticulum, which results in secretion of several processed forms of the enzyme. PMID- 3160697 TI - An intracellular (ATP + Mg2+)-dependent calcium pump within the N1E-115 neuronal cell line. AB - An intracellular (ATP + Mg2+)-dependent Ca2+ pumping mechanism has been identified and characterized within the cultured clonal neuroblastoma cell line N1E-115. Using cell suspensions treated with 0.005% saponin which selectively permeabilizes the plasma membrane in 95-98% of the cells, it was possible to show clearly that the intracellular Ca2+ pump mechanism is of non-plasma membrane origin and therefore can be compared directly with the Ca2+ pump characterized in detail in synaptosomal membrane vesicles (Gill, D. L., Grollman, E. F., and Kohn, L. D. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 184-192; Gill, D. L., Chueh, S. H., and Whitlow, C. L. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 10807-10813) which was proven by flux reversal studies to be derived from the neural plasma membrane (Gill, D. L. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 10986-10990). The intracellular Ca2+ pump in N1E-115 cells is distinct from mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation and is increased up to 8-fold higher as cells reach confluency. In similarity to the neural plasma membrane pump, the intracellular Ca2+ pump within N1E-115 cells has high affinity for Ca2+ (Km = 0.28 microM), is dependent on both ATP (Km = 26 microM) and either Mg2+ or Mn2+ which half-maximally activate Ca2+ pumping at 0.35 mM and 0.32 mM, respectively, and shows similar specificity for Sr2+ and Ba2+ which half maximally inhibit Ca2+ transport at 50 microM and 1.5 mM, respectively. In contrast to the neural plasma membrane pump, the intracellular Ca2+ pump displays approximately 40-fold higher sensitivity to La3+ (IC50 = 5 microM) and an apparent 400-fold lower sensitivity to VO4(3-) (IC50 = 185 microM), although the inhibitory effectiveness of VO4(3-) is increased 37-fold by a 15-min preincubation of the permeabilized cells with VO4(3-) in the absence of ATP (apparent IC50 = 5 microM). In further contrast to the neural plasma membrane Ca2+ pump, the intracellular pump within N1E-115 cells is stimulated more than 20 fold by oxalate (giving prolonged linear Ca2+ accumulation), is resistant to low saponin concentrations, and is not modified by calmodulin even after extensive treatment with ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid and/or calmodulin antagonist drugs. However, calmidazolium is effective in inhibiting the intracellular Ca2+ pump with an IC50 of approximately 2 microM. PMID- 3160698 TI - Interaction of rho factor with bacteriophage lambda cro gene transcripts. AB - Rho protein is responsible for termination of transcription of the cro gene of bacteriophage lambda. Since rho is known to interact with the RNA whose synthesis is being terminated, we measured the specificity and strength of binding of rho to isolated cro transcripts, using a nitrocellulose filter retention assay. The association constant (K alpha) for the binding of rho to a 372-nucleotide cro transcript was determined to be 7 +/- 2 X 10(8) M-1 at 37 degrees C and about 20 fold less at 4 degrees C. Although NTP cleavage is required for rho activity, the presence of ATP did not alter the K alpha. Rho bound less tightly (K alpha less than 10(8) M-1) to partial cro transcripts smaller than 290 nucleotides and had very little affinity (K alpha less than 10(6) M-1) for lambda 4 S RNA, lambda 6 S RNA, and partial cro transcripts smaller than 160 nucleotides. In contrast, cro transcripts as short as 100 nucleotides bound if guanosine residues were replaced with inosine. In addition, rho bound readily to 3' fragments of cro RNA that had 85 or more residues. A common feature of the RNA molecules that bind tightly to rho protein is that they have a stretch of at least 85 nucleotides with relatively few (less than 14%) guanosine residues. Such a segment is thus likely to be largely single-stranded. These results suggest that the binding of rho to lambda cro mRNA is dependent on a 3' terminal segment that has those properties. PMID- 3160699 TI - Primary structure of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase from Neurospora crassa. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase from Neurospora crassa is reported. The subunit consists of 153 amino acids and has a Mr of 15,850. The primary structure was determined by automated and manual sequence analysis of peptides obtained by digestions of the carboxymethylated and aminoethylated enzyme with trypsin and thermolysin. The protein is devoid of tryptophan and methionine and displays a free amino terminus. Comparison of the amino acid sequence with those from human erythrocyte, bovine erythrocyte, horse liver, swordfish liver, and yeast copper-zinc superoxide dismutases reveals a high degree of sequence homology among the six enzymes. Most prominently, the regions containing the amino acid residues participating in the metal-binding and the half-cystine residues forming the intramolecular disulfide bridge are highly conserved. The invariant amino acids Pro 74 and Asp 76 of the four vertebrate and yeast superoxide dismutases were found to be substituted by arginine and alanine, respectively, in the Neurospora enzyme. These radical substitutions occurring in the zinc ligand region, known to form a characteristic loop structure in bovine erythrocyte copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Tainer, J. A., Getzoff, E. D., Beem, K. M., Richardson, J. S., and Richardson, D. C. (1982) J. Mol. Biol. 160, 181-217), however, do not affect the catalytic properties of the Neurospora enzyme. PMID- 3160700 TI - Labeling of a thiol residue in sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase by pyrene maleimide. Solvent accessibility studied by fluorescence quenching. AB - Sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase was specifically labeled by the fluorescent probe N (1-pyrene)maleimide which modified 1 mol of a highly reactive thiol residue per mol of ATPase under appropriate conditions, when the probe concentration was varied in the range 0.1-1.5 microM. Addition of inorganic phosphate to the labeling medium increased both the rate of labeling and the number of modified thiol residues. Addition of ATP gave a marked kinetic protection from labeling, suggesting that the label was attached to a protein domain which is sensitive to changes at the catalytic site. Quenching of pyrene fluorescence emission of labeled ATPase by acrylamide and cesium chloride gave linear Stern-Volmer plots. The Stern-Volmer quenching constants of pyrene-ATPase fluorescence were 10 times lower than the constant obtained for acrylamide quenching of the fluorescent adduct of pyrene-maleimide-cystein used as a control, indicating that the pyrene moiety of the probe was considerably shielded from the medium solvent when covalently attached to the ATPase. The efficiency of quenching of pyrene-ATPase fluorescence increased by a significant amount upon addition of 100 microM Ca2+, when compared to the quenching in the presence of a Ca2+ chelator. It suggests that occupancy of the high affinity Ca2+ sites of the ATPase increases the accessibility of medium solvent into hydrophobic domains of the enzyme. The fluorescence lifetime of the solubilized pyrene-ATPase emission was 144-149 ns. The fluorescence polarization of pyrene-ATPase solubilized by nonionic detergent C12E8 was rho = 0.10 and it increased with an increase in the viscosity of the medium yielding a linear Perrin plot. The rotational correlation time for the soluble ATPase was 532 ns, corresponding to the overall rotation of a detergent pyrene-ATPase particle with radius of 87A. PMID- 3160701 TI - The inhibitor of liver plasma membrane (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase. Purification and identification as a mediator of glucagon action. AB - Rat liver plasma membranes contain (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase sensitive to inhibition by both glucagon and Mg2+. We have previously shown that Mg2+ inhibition is mediated by a 30,000-dalton inhibitor, originally identified as a membrane-bound protein. In fact, this inhibitor is also present in the 100,000 X g supernatant of the total liver homogenate. Its purification was achieved from this fraction by a combination of ammonium sulfate washing, gel filtration, and cationic exchange chromatography. N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM) treatment caused the inactivation of the purified inhibitor, which suggested that this protein possesses at least one NEM sensitive sulfhydryl group essential for its activity. Treatment of the liver plasma membranes with NEM resulted in a 2- and 5-fold decrease in the affinity of the (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase for glucagon and Mg2+, respectively, while the basal enzyme activity remained unchanged. This effect of NEM was concentration-, pH-, and time-dependent, optimal conditions being obtained by a 60-min treatment of plasma membranes with 50 mM NEM, at pH 7 and at 4 degrees C. The presence of 0.5 mM Mg2+ during NEM treatment of the plasma membranes prevented NEM inactivation. Reconstitution experiments showed that addition of the purified inhibitor to NEM treated plasma membranes restored the inhibitions of the (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase by both magnesium and glucagon. It is proposed that the (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase inhibitor not only confers its sensitivity of the liver (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase to Mg2+, but also mediates the inhibition of this system by glucagon. PMID- 3160702 TI - Localization of a fibrinogen calcium binding site between gamma-subunit positions 311 and 336 by terbium fluorescence. AB - Calcium is required for effective fibrin polymerization. The high affinity Ca2+ binding capacity of fibrinogen was directly localized to the gamma-chain by autoradiography of nitrocellulose membrane blots of fibrinogen subunits incubated with 45Ca2+. Terbium (Tb3+) competitively inhibited 45Ca2+ binding to fibrinogen during equilibrium dialysis, accelerated fibrin polymerization, and limited fibrinogen fragment D digestion by plasmin. The intrinsic fluorescence of Ca2+ depleted fibrinogen was maximally enhanced by Ca2+ and Tb3+, but not by Mg2+, at about 3 mol of cation/mol of fibrinogen. Protein-bound Tb3+ fluorescence at 545 nm was maximally enhanced by resonance energy transfer from tryptophan (excitation at 290 nm) at about 2 mol of Tb3+mol of fibrinogen and about 1 mol of Tb3+/mol of plasmic fragment D94 (Mr 94,000). Fibrinogen fragments D78 (Mr 78,000) and E did not show effective enhancement of Tb3+ fluorescence, suggesting that the Ca2+ site is located within gamma 303 to gamma 411, the peptide which is absent in fragment D78 but present in D94. When CNBr fragments of the carboxyamidated gamma-subunit were assayed for enhancement of Tb3+ fluorescence, peptide CBi (gamma 311-336) bound 1 mol of Tb3+/mol of CBi. Thus, the Ca2+ site is located within this peptide. The sequence between gamma 315 and gamma 329 is homologous to the calmodulin and parvalbumin Ca2+ binding sites. PMID- 3160703 TI - Regulation of phosphofructokinase in perfused rat heart. Requirement for fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and a covalent modification. AB - Phosphofructokinase from rat heart perfused with epinephrine was purified to homogeneity and various allosteric properties were determined under conditions which approximate physiological concentrations of the substrates, effectors, and pH. The molecular weights of the protomer of the enzyme isolated from the hormone stimulated and the control hearts are both approximately 83,000. The epinephrine stimulated and the control enzymes contain 1.1 and 0.66 mol of phosphate/mol of protomer, respectively. Both enzymes can be fully phosphorylated by cAMP dependent protein kinase indicating that the phosphorylation site is new and distinct from the known phosphorylation site of skeletal muscle phosphofructokinase. Pure phosphofructokinase isolated from the epinephrine stimulated heart is significantly less sensitive to inhibition by ATP and citrate, and the K0.5 values for Fru-6-P (0.18 mM) and Fru-2,6-P2 (3 microM) are one-half those for the enzyme from control hearts. In the presence of in vivo concentrations of ATP, citrate, and Fru-6-P at pH 7.1, both enzymes are inactive in the absence of Fru-2,6-P2. Moreover, the K0.5 values for Fru-2,6-P2 of the hormone-stimulated and untreated enzymes are 3 and 6 microM, respectively. These differences in the allosteric properties of phosphofructokinases from the hormone treated and the control hearts disappear when the enzymes are dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase. Determination of the glycolytic intermediates showed a 2 fold increase in Fru-6-P, Fru-2,6-P2, and AMP and 13-fold increase in Fru-1,6-P2. Partially purified Fru-6-P,2-kinase from epinephrine-stimulated and control hearts show KFru-6-P0.5 = 4 and 15 microM, respectively. These results indicate that rat heart phosphofructokinase in vivo requires Fru-2,6-P2 for its activity. Epinephrine stimulates phosphorylation of phosphofructokinase which results in a more active form. The hormone also increases Fru-2,6-P2 which appears to be the result of an activation of Fru-6-P,2-kinase by a covalent modification. PMID- 3160704 TI - Conformational studies of myosin phosphorylated by protein kinase C. AB - Smooth muscle myosin from chicken gizzard is phosphorylated by Ca2+-activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, as well as by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase, myosin light chain kinase (Endo, T., Naka, M., and Hidaka, H. (1982) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 105, 942-948). We have now demonstrated the effect of phosphorylation by protein kinase C on the smooth muscle myosin molecule. In glycerol/urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the 20,000-dalton light chain phosphorylated by protein kinase C co-migrated with that phosphorylated by myosin light chain kinase. Moreover, the light chain phosphorylated by both kinases migrated more rapidly than did the light chain phosphorylated by either myosin light chain kinase or protein kinase C alone. Myosin phosphorylated by protein kinase C formed a bent 10 S monomer while that phosphorylated by myosin light chain kinase was an unfolded and extended 6 S monomer in the presence of 0.2 M KCl. In addition, myosin phosphorylated by kinases had a sedimentation velocity of 7.3 S, thereby suggesting that the myosin was partially unfolded. The unfolded myosin was visualized electron microscopically. The fraction in the looped form was higher when for myosin phosphorylated by both kinases higher than for that phosphorylated by light chain kinase alone. Therefore, phosphorylation by protein kinase C does not lead to the change in myosin conformation seen with myosin light chain kinase. PMID- 3160705 TI - Activation of protein kinase C by Triton X-100 mixed micelles containing diacylglycerol and phosphatidylserine. AB - A mixed micellar assay for protein kinase C was developed to investigate the specificity and stoichiometry of activation by phospholipids and diacylglycerols. Triton X-100 mixed micelles containing 8 mol % phosphatidylserine (PS) and 2.5 mol % sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol (diC18:1) activated rat brain protein kinase C in the presence of Ca2+ to the same degree as sonicated PS/diC18:1 did in the standard assay. However, protein kinase C activity was more responsive to diC18:1 in the mixed micellar assay than the standard assay. At 8 mol % PS and 100 microM Ca2+, diC18:1 stimulated maximally at 1 mol %. At 2.5 mol % diC18:1 and 100 microM Ca2+, PS did not activate until 3 mol % and then did so cooperatively with maximal stimulation occurring at 6-8 mol %. Direct evidence for a Ca2+-, PS-, and diC18:1-dependent interaction of protein kinase C with mixed micelles was obtained by molecular sieve chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. These data permit inferences pertaining to the number of diC18:1 and PS molecules/micelle which are required for activation. For diC18:1, a single molecule may be sufficient but no more than 2 molecules are required. For PS, greater than 4 but less than 10 molecules are required. These data establish that a phospholipid bilayer is not required for protein kinase C activation and that activation of monomeric protein kinase C occurs. PMID- 3160706 TI - Phosphorylation of the Ca2+-pumping ATPase of heart sarcolemma and erythrocyte plasma membrane by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. AB - The Ca2+ ATPase of heart sarcolemma was stimulated by the exposure of sarcolemma vesicles to ATP and the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The effect of the phosphorylation system was primarily on the Km(Ca2+) of the pumping ATPase. The ATPase purified from heart sarcolemma or erythrocytes became phosphorylated under the conditions mentioned above. Hydroxylamine treatment of the labeled ATPase has shown that the phosphorylation was additive to be acylphosphate formed on the ATPase during the reaction cycle. The stoichiometry of the kinase-promoted phosphorylation (i.e. the fraction of the ATPase molecules that became labeled) approached 30% with both the heart and the erythrocyte enzyme. PMID- 3160707 TI - Activation of immobilized plasminogen by tissue activator. Multimolecular complex formation. AB - Ternary complex formation of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) and plasminogen (Plg) with thrombospondin (TSP) or histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) has been demonstrated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, an affinity bead assay, and a rocket immunoelectrophoresis assay. The formation of these complexes was specific, concentration dependent, saturable, lysine binding site-dependent, and inhibitable by fluid phase plasminogen. Apparent Kd values were approximately 12 36 nM for the interaction of TPA with TSP-Plg complexes and 15-31 nM with HRGP Plg complexes. At saturation the relative molar stoichiometry of Plg:TPA was 3:1 within the TSP-containing complexes and 1:1 within HRGP-containing complexes. The activation of Plg to plasmin by TPA on TSP- and HRGP-coated surfaces was studied using a synthetic fluorometric plasmin substrate (D-Val-Leu-Lys-7-amino-4 trifluoromethyl coumarin). Kinetic analysis demonstrated a marked increase in the affinity of TPA for plasminogen in the presence of surface-associated TSP or HRGP. Compared to fluid phase activation or activation on fibronectin- or Factor VIII-related antigen-coated surfaces there was a 35-fold increase in efficiency of plasmin generation. A substantial amount (up to 71%) of the plasmin formed remained surface-associated and was found to be protected from inhibition by alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor. Greater than 200-fold increase in inhibitor concentration was required to effect 50% inhibition. Complex formation of locally released tissue plasminogen activator with Plg immobilized on TSP or HRGP surfaces may thus play an important role in effecting proteolytic events in nonfibrin-containing microenvironments. PMID- 3160709 TI - In vivo demonstration of flow recirculation and turbulence downstream of graded stenoses in canine arteries. AB - The velocity field around arterial stenoses was investigated using a pulsed doppler velocimeter in vivo. Asymmetric zones of recirculation were identified by systolic flow reversal in the post-stenotic field in carotid and iliac arteries of anesthetised dogs. There was a close correlation between shear intensity and turbulence as estimated by the velocity difference between the jet and the recirculation zone and by maximum spectral width respectively. Under the conditions of these experiments, stenosis grade (% diameter reduction) dominated hemodynamic variables such as Reynolds number, oscillation and pulsatility in determining the intensity of turbulence. The method used does not appear to have sufficient resolution to distinguish between turbulence and discrete oscillating velocities (vorticity) nor to allow determination of wall shear stress though the pattern of change of the latter is similar to that found downstream of axisymmetric stenosis in models using steady flow. PMID- 3160708 TI - Myosin heavy chain in avian muscular dystrophy corresponds to the neonatal isozyme. AB - We have previously demonstrated, based on comparison of homologous amino acid sequences and of two-dimensional CNBr peptide gel patterns, that the myosin heavy chain in pectoralis muscles of Storrs, Connecticut dystrophic chickens is different from that of their normal controls (Huszar, G., Vigue, L., De-Lucia, J. Elzinga, M., and Haines, J. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 7429-7434). Others have shown, however, that genomic banks and mRNA complements of the control and dystrophic birds are not different. In the present studies, we have examined the hypothesis that the "dystrophic" myosin heavy chain is not a novel gene product, but is a developmental isozyme which is expressed in pectoralis muscles of adult chickens due to the dystrophic process. Two-dimensional maps of myosin heavy chain CNBr peptides were prepared from breast muscles of 17-day in ovo (embryonic), 25-day posthatch (neonatal), and adult birds of the Storrs dystrophic and of two control strains. Also, myosin and actomyosin ATPase enzymatic activities of the various preparations were determined in the pH range of 5.5 to 9.0. Analysis of the peptide maps demonstrates that the embyronic, neonatal, and control adult myosin heavy chain isozymes are distinctly different gene products with only minute variations between the respective developmental isozymes in dystrophic and control muscles. However, the pectoralis myosin heavy chain of adult dystrophic birds, which is a homogeneous isozyme population by amino acid sequences and gel patterns, corresponds to that of the neonatal-type myosin heavy chain. The ATPase properties of the embryonic, neonatal, or adult pectoralis myosins and actomyosins were not different, whether the level of specific activity or the pattern of pH activation is considered. Since the mobility of neonatal chicks (primarily neonatal-type isozymes) is not restricted, the differences in myosin heavy chain structures are part of the syndrome, but not the cause of avian muscular dystrophy. PMID- 3160710 TI - Excitatory 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors in the cat urinary bladder are of the M- and 5-HT2-type. AB - In anaesthetized cats, a biphasic contraction of the urinary bladder, consisting of an initial spike followed by a longer-lasting contracture, was elicited by 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in doses of 3-30 micrograms/kg, i.a. Administration of MDL 72222 (30, 100 and 300 micrograms/kg, i.v.), which specifically antagonizes the M-type 5-HT receptors, selectively blocked the spike phase of the 5-HT response. Ketanserin (30, 100 and 300 micrograms/kg, i.v.), on the other hand, eliminated only the second phase of the 5-HT-induced bladder contraction. Injection of MDL 72222 (300 micrograms/kg) after ketanserin (300 micrograms/kg), or of 100 micrograms/kg of methysergide or cyproheptadine, or 300 micrograms/kg of ketanserin after MDL 72222 (300 micrograms/kg), led to blockade of both phases of the response to 5-HT. The contractile response to dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP) remained unaffected. These results clearly show that the early and late phases of the cat urinary bladder contraction elicited by 5-HT are mediated by M and 5-HT2 receptors, respectively. PMID- 3160711 TI - The use of epidural steroids in the treatment of lumbar radicular pain. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study. PMID- 3160712 TI - Peripheral arterial trauma in children. A fifteen year review. AB - A 15 year retrospective evaluation of peripheral vascular trauma in infants and children was undertaken. Forty-eight affected limbs in 47 patients (mean age 5.1 years) were explored for peripheral arterial injury. There were 40 iatrogenic, five penetrating and three blunt injuries. Thrombectomy alone, thrombectomy with autogenous saphenous vein patch angioplasty, direct angioplasty, segmental resection with end-to-end anastomosis and interposition-bypass grafting were the most common reparative procedures used. Circulation was normal within 24 hours of surgery in 35 of the 45 limbs (77.8%) whose patency was restored. In patients less than three years or 12.5 kg with iatrogenic injuries, patency rate was significantly lower (p 0.05). Four children died of congenital heart disease. All six children with failed vascular reconstruction suffered late sequelae. PMID- 3160715 TI - Binding of Tetrahymena dynein to axonemes of Marsilea vestita lacking the outer dynein arm. AB - Axonemes from the heterosporous water fern Marsilea vestita were fixed in the presence of tannic acid and examined by thin-section electron microscopy. Transverse sections revealed the normal 9+2 configuration except for the absence of the outer of the two dynein arms. Both arms were normally preserved in parallel preparations of Chlamydomonas axonemes. Isolated dynein from the ciliated protozoon Tetrahymena bound to Marsilea axonemes at the site normally occupied by the outer arm. Dynein binding was partially reversed by ATP as judged by both electron microscopy and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This system should provide a valuable insight into the biochemistry and function of the inner dynein arm and the relationship of the two arms to motility in more conventionally equipped axonemes. PMID- 3160713 TI - Collagen can modulate cell interactions with fibronectin. AB - We have examined the effects of soluble collagen on the function of fibronectin in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. Collagen and its purified alpha1(l) chain noncompetitively inhibited cell spreading on substrates precoated with fibronectin or a 75,000-D cell-binding fragment of fibronectin. Neither preincubation of cells with collagen followed by washing nor the addition of collagen to previously spread cells had any inhibitory effect on cell spreading, which indicates a requirement for the concurrent presence of collagen during the process of spreading. Treatment of collagen or alpha1(l) chain with collagenase abolished the inhibitory effect on fibronectin-mediated cell spreading. However, direct attachment of BHK cells to fibronectin-coated or 75,000-D fragment-coated substrates was not inhibited by collagen or by the alpha1(l) chain. Moreover, the binding of [3H]fibronectin or the 3'-75,000-D fragment to cell surfaces was not inhibited by the presence of soluble collagen, whereas soluble fibronectin inhibited binding. Although the binding of [3H]fibronectin-coated beads to BHK cell surfaces was also not inhibited by collagen, the phagocytosis of such beads was inhibited by the presence of collagen. On the other hand, soluble fibronectin partially inhibited the binding of fibronectin-coated beads but did not inhibit phagocytosis of the beads that did bind. The mechanism of the inhibition of fibronectin function by collagen and the possible interactions of two different kinds of receptors on the cell surface are discussed. PMID- 3160716 TI - 15-Hydroxycyproterone acetate and cyproterone acetate levels in plasma and urine. AB - 15 beta-Hydroxycyproterone acetate (15HOCPA) and cyproterone acetate (CPA) have been quantitated in human plasma and urine by a selective high-performance liquid chromatographic assay. The levels of 15HOCPA in plasma are generally twice those of its precursor CPA, although both compounds appear to have similar clearance rates. Approximately 6% of the dose is excreted into the urine, predominantly (greater than 90%) as the free form of 15HOCPA and CPA. PMID- 3160714 TI - Synthesis by Schwann cells of basal lamina and membrane-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans. AB - Primary cultures that contain only Schwann cells and sensory nerve cells synthesize basal lamina. The assembly of this basal lamina appears to be essential for normal Schwann cell development. In this study, we demonstrate that Schwann cells synthesize two major heparan sulfate-containing proteoglycans. Both proteoglycans band in dissociative CsCl gradients at densities less than 1.4 g/ml, and therefore, presumably, have relatively low carbohydrate-to-protein ratios. The larger of these proteoglycans elutes from Sepharose CL-4B in 4 M guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) at a Kav of 0.21 and contains heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate chains of Mr 21,000 in a ratio of approximately 3:1. This proteoglycan is extracted from cultures by 4 M GuHCl but not Triton X-100 and accumulates only when Schwann cells are actively synthesizing basal lamina. The smaller proteoglycan elutes from Sepharose CL-4B at a Kav of 0.44 and contains heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate chains of Mr 18,000 in a ratio of approximately 4:1. This proteoglycan is extracted by 4 M GuHCl or by Triton X 100. The accumulation of this proteoglycan is independent of basal lamina production. PMID- 3160717 TI - Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of pefloxacin and its metabolite norfloxacin in human plasma and tissue. PMID- 3160718 TI - Simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation of retinoids including N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-all-trans-retinamide. PMID- 3160719 TI - Simultaneous determination of ketanserin and ketanserinol in biological fluids using ion-pair liquid chromatography and fluorometric detection. PMID- 3160720 TI - Factors associated with self-reported back-pain prevalence: a population-based study. AB - We present a study of demographic factors associated with self-reported back pain prevalence in a population-based study. Study variables were age, gender, occupation, physical demand of occupation, income, education and marital status. Crude associations of the independent variables and reported back pain were in general agreement with other cross-sectional studies. Multiway contingency tables and multivariate models were employed for further analyses. When we controlled each of the other variables, only gender, education and marital status remained strongly associated with reported back pain. Using these three variables plus age, we developed regression models for the prediction of back pain and identified a steep gradient of prevalence: the highest prevalence (44-46%) was in no-longer-married women aged 50-64, regardless of education, while the lowest prevalence (9-11%) was in men who were married and had greater than a high school education. Because the models employ only census-type variables, they should be easy to validate or use to predict back pain prevalence in other populations. PMID- 3160721 TI - Helper and suppressor activities of lymphocyte subsets on antithyroglobulin production in vitro. AB - We studied the regulatory activities of T cells on specific antithyroglobulin (anti-Tg) and nonspecific immunoglobulin secretion in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of five patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases and high levels of serum anti-Tg. PBL were separated into a non-T population, including B-cells and monocytes, and a T-cell population by rosetting with sheep red cells. T-Cells were further separated into T helper (Th) and T suppressor (Ts) subsets by a panning technique using the monoclonal antibodies anti-Leu 3a and anti-Leu 2a, respectively. The three sets of cells, i.e. B, Th, and Ts, from patients and from normal individuals were cocultured in various combinations and stimulated with the polyclonal stimulant pokeweed mitogen. A sensitive plaque assay was used to enumerate cells producing anti-Tg and protein A-binding immunoglobulins. The PBL of both patients and normal individuals had Tg-specific suppressor cells. Ts-cells from patients in syngeneic or allogeneic combinations with B- and Th-cells at a ratio of 1:1:1 suppressed the pokeweed mitogen-induced anti-Tg response to 41 +/- 8% (+/-SE) and 50 +/- 20% of the control value, respectively, while Ts from normal individuals suppressed the response to 7 +/- 3% of the control value. The suppressive effect of the Ts-cells from patients and normal individuals on nonspecific immunoglobulin secretion was similar (reduced to 10-15% of control). Thus, there appeared to be a deficiency in Tg-specific suppressor activity in PBL of patients. On the other hand, Th-cells from patients (syngeneic or allogeneic) cocultured with patient B-cells produced a greater anti Tg response than Th-cells from normal individuals. The helper activities of Th cells of patients and normal individuals on nonspecific immunoglobulin secretion were similar. Thus, there appeared to be an increase in Tg-specific helper activity in PBL of patients. PMID- 3160722 TI - Fat tissue: a steroid reservoir and site of steroid metabolism. AB - Sex steroid concentrations and 17 beta-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase and aromatase activities were determined in fat tissue removed at surgery or, in order to allow comparisons in different sites, postmortem. Except for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate (DHEAS), there existed a positive tissue/plasma gradient for all steroids studied (testosterone, androstenedione, DHEA, androstenediol, estrone, and estradiol), suggesting androgen uptake and estrogen synthesis in situ. Androgen concentrations did not vary according to site of origin of fat tissue, except that the DHEAS concentration was significantly lower in abdominal sc and omental fat than in breast, pericardial, or sc pubic fat. Tissue androgen concentrations were positively correlated with their plasma concentrations, but tissue and plasma estrogen concentrations were not correlated. All tissue steroid concentrations, with the exception of estradiol in men, decreased with age. Aromatase activity [androstenedione--- estrone; mean maximum velocity, 7.4 +/- 3.7 (+/- SD) fmol estrone/mg protein . h] did not vary between sexes or with site of origin of fat tissue. 17 beta Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity (estradiol----estrone, mean maximum velocity 9.8 +/- 5.4 pmol/mg protein . h) was higher in fat from women than in that from men, higher in premenopausal than in postmenopausal women, and higher in omental than in sc fat. Its activity was noncompetitively inhibited in vitro by DHEA and DHEAS in near-physiological concentrations, and the enzyme activity was inversely correlated (P less than 0.001) with the tissue DHEA and DHEAS concentrations. We conclude that fat tissue is an important steroid hormone reservoir, that it is the site of active aromatase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and that tissue DHEA(S) may have a modulating effect on tissue estrogen production. PMID- 3160723 TI - Acetylcholine receptor antibodies in the elderly and in Down's syndrome. AB - Serum antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor (anti-AChR) have been reported in Japanese individuals who were elderly or had Down's syndrome at frequencies of 18% and 24%, respectively. We have measured serum anti-AChR in 3 Caucasoid groups: 53 elderly patients (aged 65-92 years) with miscellaneous (non myasthenic) disorders, 30 individuals with Down's syndrome, and 40 elderly patients (aged 71-93 years) known to have strongly positive thyroid autoantibodies. A raised titre (greater than 0.2 nmol/l) was confined to 3 patients in the third group (7.5%). We conclude that an increased frequency of anti-AChR antibodies is not a feature of Caucasians who are elderly or have Down's syndrome, and that, even in an elderly group with a high titre of another autoantibody, the frequency of anti-AChR is lower than in elderly Japanese individuals. PMID- 3160724 TI - Management of dislocation of the hip in Down syndrome. AB - Six patients with Down syndrome were treated for dislocation of the hip (10 hips). Follow-up averaged 49 months. Group I consisted of three patients (six hips) with dislocatable hips and normal acetabula treated with capsular plication and/or proximal femoral osteotomy. Group II consisted of three patients (four hips) with dislocatable hips and dysplastic and insufficient acetabula treated with capsular plication, Salter osteotomy, and proximal femoral osteotomy. Results were rated as satisfactory in four patients (seven hips) and unsatisfactory in two patients (three hips). PMID- 3160725 TI - Immune complex hyperlipidemia induced by an apolipoprotein-reactive immunoglobulin A paraprotein from a patient with multiple myeloma. Characterization of this immunoglobulin. AB - An antibodylike paraprotein has been isolated from a patient with multiple myeloma and autoimmune hyperlipoproteinemia. The paraprotein bound to apolipoprotein B (apo B)-containing lipoproteins that formed macromolecular aggregates, and globules thought to be aggregated complexes of lipoproteins and reactive immunoglobulins were observed circulating within the retinal blood vessels of this patient. This binding specificity permitted purification of the paraprotein from both the agglutinated immune complexes and from the plasma. The protein is an IgA, kappa-immunoglobulin which exists primarily in a polymeric state. Capillary immunoprecipitation demonstrated reactivity with very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low density proteins (LDL), but not with high density lipoproteins (HDL). Delipidated apo B and apo E, but not apo A or apo C, formed precipitates with this immunoglobulin. In using a radioimmunoassay format, the affinity of the immunoglobulin was greatest for VLDL and decreases sequentially for intermediate density lipoproteins and LDL. No binding occurred with a dispersion of LDL lipids or with HDL. Deglycosylation did not change the binding to LDL. The apolipoproteins B and E bound with similar affinity, but no binding occurred with apo A-I or apo A-II. Weak binding appeared to occur with apo C. This paraprotein immunoprecipitated apo B-containing lipoproteins from all classes of vertebrates tested. Displacement of the lipids of LDL by Triton X-100 resulted in the formation of an apo B-Triton complex which, however, did not bind to the immunoglobulin; apparently the binding site on apo B was lost. Upon enzymatic digestion with the IgA-specific protease from Streptococcus sanguis the immunoglobulin was cleaved into Fc and Fab fragments, and the binding of LDL occurred only with the latter, consistent with the behavior of an immunoglobulin. The immunoreactivity of this paraprotein with apo B and apo E raises the interesting possibility that it may be binding to a site on these apolipoproteins which is reactive with the apo B, E receptor of the plasma membrane, a site which is conserved throughout the vertebrate phylum. PMID- 3160726 TI - Human dermal fibroblasts present tetanus toxoid antigen to antigen-specific T cell clones. AB - Cultured human dermal fibroblasts treated with immune interferon express HLA-DR antigens. We report here that DR-positive fibroblasts present tetanus toxoid (TT) to autologous TT-specific monoclonal helper T cells vigorously depleted of monocytes by passage over Sephadex G10 columns followed by treatment with the monoclonal antibodies (mAb) OKM1 and Leu M1 plus complement. The extent of T cell proliferation in response to TT presented by DR-positive fibroblasts was similar to that elicited using monocytes as antigen-presenting cells. The proliferative response was TT dependent, antigen specific, depended upon DR expression by fibroblasts, appeared MHC restricted, and was completely blocked by mouse mAb to HLA-DR but not by mAb to HLA-A,B, or DQ. DR-positive fibroblasts pulsed with TT were similarly effective in antigen presentation. In summary, immune interferon stimulated human dermal fibroblasts can substitute for classical antigen presenting cells in antigen-specific proliferative responses. Since fibroblasts are a ubiquitous cell type in the body, they may play a significant role in the immunobiology of the host. PMID- 3160728 TI - Studies of the pathogenesis of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. AB - We studied the immune functions of two patients with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD) in an attempt to determine whether the B cells were primarily hyperactive or, rather, if T cell abnormalities might underlie the B cell hyperactivity observed in these patients. We found that the B cells of the AILD patients did not proliferate spontaneously, nor were they induced to proliferate excessively by fresh normal T cells. In contrast, AILD T cells induced both autologous and allogeneic B cells to proliferate and to differentiate into Ig secreting cells. Spontaneous culture supernates of T cells obtained from each patient induced substantial proliferation of B cells (B cell activating activity) as well as proliferation in a standard costimulatory assay (B cell growth factor activity). The culture supernate of a T cell line, which was established from one patient, showed both activities. The T cell line supernate also induced Ig production by staphylococcal A Cowan-activated B cells. None of these properties of AILD T cells was found among 10 normal controls. The addition of AILD T cells to autologous or allogeneic B cells in the presence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) led to marked suppression of both proliferation and Ig production. This was true even in the presence of fresh normal T cells. Pretreatment studies showed that suppressor cells were induced by the interaction of AILD T cells with PWM-activated B cells. The present study suggests that the B cell hyperactivity observed in AILD patients might in part be due to excessive T cell effects on B cells. In addition, our results may help clarify the paradoxical impaired responsiveness to in vitro stimulation with PWM by active B cells from patients with autoimmune diseases. PMID- 3160727 TI - Effects of plasmin on von Willebrand factor multimers. Degradation in vitro and stimulation of release in vivo. AB - von Willebrand factor (vWF), a multimeric protein that mediates platelet adhesion, circulates in association with the procoagulant Factor VIII (FVIII). In previous reports, plasmin was shown in vitro to inactivate FVIII and cleave the vWF subunit extensively, but to cause only a modest decrease in vWF platelet agglutinating activity. In the present study, the digestion of vWF multimers by plasmin was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis and radioimmunoblotting. In vitro, plasmin degraded the large vWF multimers to smaller forms that could be distinguished from the small multimers present before digestion only by a slightly increased electrophoretic mobility. These plasmin cleaved "multimers" were composed of disulfide-linked fragments with no intact vWF subunits. Thus, many plasmin cleavages occur within disulfide loops. The slight increase in mobility of plasmin-digested vWF is in part explained by the early cleavage from the multimers of a 34,000-mol wt peptide, which was purified and partially sequenced. The amino-terminal sequence (33 residues) agrees with the previously reported sequence (15 residues) for the amino terminus of the intact vWF subunit. Analysis of plasmin-digested vWF allowed deduction of a model for the native vWF structure, including the approximate location of the interprotomer disulfide bond(s). To determine whether plasmin would digest vWF in vivo, plasmas from 12 patients and 2 normal volunteers who received intravenous streptokinase (SK) were analyzed. Rather than vWF digestion, a two- to threefold rise in vWF antigen and platelet-agglutinating activity occurred within 2 h after a single SK dose, and the increase was greatest among the largest multimers. In contrast, FVIII clotting activity dropped to 10-20% of pre-SK levels. Thus, although plasmin destroys FVIII, a pharmacologically induced fibrinolytic state is associated with significant release of vWF from endothelial cells, platelets, or some other storage pool. PMID- 3160730 TI - Computed tomography of posterior lumbar apophyseal ring fractures. AB - Lumbar apophyseal fracture is an uncommon injury that occurs during adolescence. We described two cases in young adults with back pain. The radiographic findings were distinctive. In both cases CT demonstrated characteristic bony fragments displaced posteriorly into the spinal canal and a corresponding defect in the posteroinferior aspect of the vertebral body rim. Recognition of this entity is important in evaluating back pain in both adolescents and adults. PMID- 3160729 TI - In vivo differentiation of blast-phase chronic granulocytic leukemia. Expression of c-myc and c-abl protooncogenes. AB - A patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia in acute blastic transformation was treated with mithramycin, an RNA synthesis inhibitor, after in vitro exposure of her leukemic cells to mithramycin showed differentiation to normal appearing granulocytes. Mithramycin therapy in vivo resulted in a prompt and dramatic hematologic response. Before therapy, the patient's leukemic cells had high levels of transcription of the cellular myc and abl protooncogenes. After initiation of therapy, protooncogene mRNA decreased rapidly. These observations indicate that mithramycin can induce differentiation both in vitro and in vivo and suggest that such changes may be associated with altered oncogene expression. PMID- 3160732 TI - Hand-over-mouth behavior management technique in a solo pedodontic practice: a study. AB - The hand-over-the-mouth technique (HOM) was studied in a single-dentist pedodontic practice. The study included the frequency of its use relative to the patient's age, sex, previous dental experience and history of a significant medical experience. Observations were also made of the nature of subsequent appointments. HOM was used for almost 10 percent of the patients studied in less than 2 percent of the total number of dental appointments. It was used most often for three-year-old patients, especially female. In the majority of cases (89 percent), it was used on a single occasion and that incident was followed by appointments of a positive nature. PMID- 3160733 TI - Management of Ludwig's angina in a patient with severe hemophilia A with factor VIII inhibitors: report of case. AB - Dental treatment of a patient with classical hemophilia with inhibitors to factor VIII poses a serious management challenge. Ludwig's angina in this patient is truly a dramatic life-threatening complication of infection. Successful treatment requires the cooperation of several hospital services. This report describes the management of Ludwig's angina in a patient with severe classical hemophilia with a high titer of inhibitors to factor VIII. PMID- 3160734 TI - The diagnosis of mania. AB - Manic illnesses are often misdiagnosed, particularly in adolescence when they are commonly and wrongly regarded as schizophrenic. Recent American studies suggest that the presence of Schneiderian and other schizophrenic symptoms has no influence on the duration or the response to treatment of manic illnesses, or on the morbidity of first-degree relatives, and that the concept of schizoaffective disorder, manic type is therefore redundant. Other evidence suggests that, although delusions of reference or persecution have no effect on outcome, the presence of auditory hallucinations or passivity phenomena is associated with a considerably worse outcome over the next few years. PMID- 3160731 TI - The benign acanthomas. AB - An important, yet neglected, problem in dermatopathology, is the evaluation of the benign acanthomas, the benign tumors of epidermal keratinocytes. The benign acanthomas may be simulated by lesions which are not benign (e.g. actinic keratosis), not tumors (e.g. normal plantar skin), or are not epidermal (e.g. dermatofibroma). In addition to normal (epidermoid) keratinization (e.g., seborrheic keratosis and related conditions), the variants of the benign acanthomas show a wide range of aberrant keratinization, including epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (epidermolytic acanthoma), dyskeratosis (warty dyskeratoma), acantholysis (acantholytic acanthoma), cornoid lamellation (porokeratosis), lichenoid hyperplasia (lichen planus-like keratosis), and absence of keratinization (clear cell acanthoma). PMID- 3160735 TI - The neuroendocrinology of mania. AB - The paper reviews the endocrine findings in manic patients and the effects of treatment, as well as the association between endocrine conditions or hormonal treatments and abnormal states of elation resembling mania. The findings are discussed in relation to hypotheses about the neurochemical basis of mania, particularly the mesolimbic dopamine hypothesis. PMID- 3160736 TI - The use of sodium valproate, carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine in patients with affective disorders. AB - During recent years alternatives to lithium prophylaxis have been developed using primary dipropylacetamide and, later on, sodium valproate, as a mono-therapy as well as in combination with low-dosage lithium treatment. It has been shown in a placebo-controlled ABA design that sodium valproate exerts an acute antimanic effect and a prophylactic action of sodium valproate has also been established. Carbamazepine represents another important contribution to the arsenal of drugs to be used as alternatives for the prophylactic treatment in patients not responding to lithium and/or experiencing too many side effects. The keto derivative of carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, has been shown to exert acute antimanic effects in a similar way to carbamazepine itself. PMID- 3160737 TI - The TRH stimulation test and reverse T3 in depression. AB - Blunted TSH response to TRH and elevation of reverse T3 (rT3) have been reported in depression, though the relationship between these two abnormalities has not been clear. The authors measured basal levels of T4, T3, rT3 and the TSH response to TRH in a group of 28 depressed men and women, unipolar and bipolar subtypes. No significant difference was found between these two subtypes of depression with respect to mean basal hormonal levels or magnitude of the TSH response to TRH. Two males had slight, but significant elevations of rT3 though only one of them had a blunted TSH response to TRH levels and the TSH response to TRH. Finally no significant correlation was found between rT3 levels and the TSH response to TRH. PMID- 3160738 TI - Spontaneous afternoon plasma cortisol in depression. AB - Spontaneous plasma cortisol was measured in the interval from 15.00-18.00 h 74 hospitalized depressed patients (56 endogenously and 18 non-endogenously depressed according to the Newcastle index). The cortisol value at the individual time points correlated well with the mean cortisol concentration with the best correlation in the interval between 16.00 and 17.00 h (RHO = 0.89-0.92). For most patients maximum cortisol concentration was found early in the sampling period. Plasma cortisol was high during depression and was reduced after recovery in both diagnostic groups. Correlation between plasma cortisol during depression and type of depression or degree of depression was poor indicating that spontaneous plasma cortisol might have only a limited diagnostic value. However, among the endogenously depressed patients those not responding to treatment with cyclic antidepressants alone had significantly higher cortisol levels prior to treatment than responders. Afternoon plasma cortisol thus may be used as a predictor of the outcome of treatment with cyclic antidepressants. PMID- 3160740 TI - Diagnoses in school-age children of bipolar affective disorder patients and normal controls. AB - A family study of psychiatric diagnoses was performed in 29 children of bipolar patients and 37 children of normal controls, ages 6-17. There were no differences in major or minor affective diagnoses between the patient and control groups, but there was an increase of non-specific diagnoses in the patient group. Using DSM III criteria, 10% of patients' children and 14% of controls' children had had at least one episode of major depression. This suggests that major depression in children is not familially related to adult bipolar major affective disorder. The observed prevalence of depression in childhood is increased when both direct interview of children and interview of parents are performed. PMID- 3160739 TI - Inter-rater reliability of the Italian version of the Paykel Scale of stressful life events. AB - The inter-rater reliability of the Italian version of the Scale for evaluating stressful life events, developed by Paykel, was studied in 15 psychiatric patients and in 15 normal subjects. Agreement between the two raters was satisfactory for total number of events, impact and independence of event areas and categories. These preliminary findings suggest that the Scale is a reliable instrument for the assessment of life events in Italian samples. PMID- 3160741 TI - Lithium dosage in the elderly. A study with matched age groups. AB - Lithium dosage was examined in 3 age groups (less than or equal to 45 years, 46 64 years, greater than or equal to 65 years) of 78 inpatients, matched on relevant variables. Although mean steady-state lithium plasma levels showed no essential differences, mean daily lithium doses were significantly lower in the elderly. The ratio of weight-related lithium dose to plasma level showed a 36% decline with age (0.58, 0.46 and 0.37 1/kg, P less than 0.0001, analysis of variance). Comparing different decades this ratio, indicating the dose required for a certain plasma level, displayed a clear-cut decrease at 50 years. This may be caused by age-related changes in apparent volume of distribution and/or in elimination half-life of lithium, the latter being the consequence of age-related decrease of glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 3160742 TI - Life events preceding the onset of panic disorder. AB - The life events experienced in the 12 months prior to the first panic attack were studied in 23 patients with a DSM-III diagnosis of panic disorder as well as in 23 healthy subjects matched for age, sex, social and educational level. Patients showed significant excess of life events compared to controls, however life events were assessed. Panic patients in fact scored higher on the number of events, the weighted scores (according to Paykel's scale) and the number of subjects who underwent a major life event (death or severe illness, either personal or of a cohabiting relative) in the two months preceding the onset of symptoms. PMID- 3160743 TI - Phenomenology and family history in DSM-III psychotic depression. AB - Depressed inpatients with psychotic features were compared to those without them in terms of demographic features, depressive symptoms at intake and family history. These variables were then used to compare patients with mood-congruent psychotic features to those with mood-incongruent psychotic features. Patterns of familial psychopathology were similar for psychotic and non-psychotic patients. In accord with other studies, the families of mood-incongruent patients had slightly more schizophrenia and significantly less depression than did the families of mood-congruent patients. Depressive symptoms, particularly those used to define major depression and melancholia, were more severe in psychotic patients. Moreover, these particular depressive symptoms were more likely to distinguish mood-congruent from mood-incongruent patients than were other depressive symptoms. Thus mood-congruent psychotic features accompanied a more typical depressive syndrome than did mood-incongruent psychotic features. PMID- 3160744 TI - Factors associated with suicide attempts in alcohol abusers. AB - Alcoholics with and without previous suicide attempts were compared on a variety of clinical variables. Drug abuse and major depression especially if accompanied by crying spells, hopelessness, or seeking psychiatric help were found more frequently in the suicide attempter group. Additionally, total psychiatric symptoms were found to be higher in the suicide attempters in various categories including somatic, obsessive-compulsive, and total number of psychiatric symptoms reported on the structured interview. These results indicate that certain psychopathological symptoms are associated with suicide attempts in alcoholics and may be predictive of completed suicide. PMID- 3160745 TI - Duration criteria and long-term outcome in affective disorder and schizophrenia. AB - This paper attempts to see whether the shorter duration criteria for affective disorders may naturally result in selecting patients who would show a better long term outcome than that of schizophrenic patients. Follow-up of 298 patients with mania or depression revealed that those with 6 months or more of symptoms still had a better outcome than the outcome of schizophrenics. Furthermore, their outcome was similar to that of manics and depressives with less than 6 months of symptoms. Therefore, factors other than the shorter duration criterion for affective disorders should be sought to explain their better outcome than that of schizophrenics. PMID- 3160746 TI - Ruminative thinking. A distinctive sign of melancholia. AB - We propose that ruminative thinking, the tendency to dwell on the same thought or theme, is useful for distinguishing melancholic from nonmelancholic major depression. We demonstrate that the symptom can be rated reliably and that interview ratings are concordant with ward observation of the symptom. The frequency of ruminative thinking, rated retrospectively in a prior study, was 60% in 75 patients having autonomous depression while only 18% of 48 nonautonomous patients were so affected. In this study, we found that ruminative thinking, prospectively rated in 71 patients with unipolar major depression, was present in 53% of patients with DSM-III melancholia but only 11% of the nonmelancholic patients. The presence of ruminative thinking appears to be useful for making the diagnosis of melancholia and its definition may facilitate study of the psychobiology of this disorder. PMID- 3160747 TI - Sleep EEG recordings in depressive disorders. AB - Sleep polygraphic recordings were performed during 3 consecutive nights in a sample of 43 affectively ill inpatients. The patients were classified as major (n = 36) or minor depressive disorder (n = 7), according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria. Among the 36 patients with a major depressive disorder, 14 were in remission at the time of the sleep investigation. A two-way analysis of variance was performed to assess night and diagnostic effect on sleep variables. Shortening of REM latency was observed in depressed patients with major depressive disorder when compared to major depressive disorder patients in remission. Depressed patients with major depressive disorder also showed higher REM activity and REM density values than patients with minor depressive disorder. According to the linear discriminant analysis, sleep variables were able to correctly classify 68% of the patients. PMID- 3160748 TI - Marital adjustment in major depression. AB - The association between depression and marital adjustment is examined in 45 married inpatients with major depression as compared to 45 normal controls from the same community. The marriages of the depressed couples were significantly worse in all areas of functioning than were those of the normals. Two risk factors which distinguished the families of origin of the depressed and normal couples were history of divorce and/or separation in parents and death in the family. In addition, twice as many of the children of the depressives had serious medical or psychiatric illness compared to those of the normals. PMID- 3160749 TI - A video analysis of the non-verbal behaviour of depressed patients before and after treatment. AB - Using videotaped interviews of depressive in-patients, which were recorded on day 0 and day 21 of antidepressive pharmacotherapy, the behavioural structure of the syndromal main aspects, retardation and agitation, was analysed. This analysis was done on the basis of non-verbal behaviour only. A factor analysis was carried out on the observational data. Three independent factors, constituting together the clinical picture of endogenous depression, could be defined: one factor of retardation and two different factors of agitation. The importance of such non verbal analyses for a more differentiated diagnostic evaluation, on the one hand, and to provide more insight into the diagnostic process as such, on the other, is pointed out. Additionally it was found that syndromal complexity decreases in a characteristic manner along with clinical improvement. PMID- 3160750 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid levels of amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine and desmethylimipramine. Relationship to plasma levels and treatment outcome. AB - Fifty-five (55) depressed patients were treated with amitriptyline (AMI) or imipramine (IMI). Concentrations of AMI, IMI, and their metabolites, nortriptyline (NT) and desmethylimipramine (DMI), were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma at steady state by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Highly significant correlations between CSF and plasma levels of AMI, NT, IMI, and DMI were found (r greater than 0.75; P less than 0.0001 in all cases). There were no significant sex, diagnostic subgroup, or geographic difference in any of the drug parameters measured. An evaluation of the relationship between CSF levels of drug variables and clinical response showed essentially no significant correlations between these various parameters. The results obtained do not support the concept of a 'therapeutic window' for levels of plasma NT in AMI-treated patients. Furthermore, the highly significant correlations between CSF and plasma compartments in terms of drug and metabolite levels would argue against the need to measure CSF levels of these parameters in clinical practice. Plasma level measurements should be equally informative, and simpler to obtain. PMID- 3160751 TI - Delusional depression. A one year follow-up. AB - Fifty-two unipolar delusional depressives were matched to 52 unipolar nondelusional depressives on the basis of sex, age at index episode of depression and age at first episode of depression. In a one year follow-up after discharge from inpatient treatment, the delusional depressives had a poorer clinical course than the nondelusional depressives as manifested by significantly higher rates both of major depression or delusions lasting longer than 9 months and of being in a major depressive episode at the end of the follow-up period. PMID- 3160752 TI - The clinical interview for depression. Development, reliability and validity. AB - This paper describes and summarises data on a symptom rating scale for assessment of depression and mixed neurotic disorders by a rater at interview. Items are rated on seven-point scales with defined anchor points. The scale has been found reliable in use by psychiatrists and non-medical raters. Validity has been shown in respect of correlations with other scales, sensitivity to change, utility to discriminate treatment effects, internal consistency of scoring systems and factorial structure. The scale is suitable for descriptive and classification studies, outcome studies and treatment trials. PMID- 3160753 TI - MMPI, personality dysfunction and the dexamethasone suppression test in major depression. AB - In this study we examined the relationship of psychopathology and personality dysfunction to neuroendocrine functioning. MMPI profiles were examined for 30 psychiatric inpatients with major depression who were suppressors (60%) and nonsuppressors (40%) on the dexamethasone suppression test. There were no differences between suppressors and nonsuppressors on any of the MMPI scales or on DSM-III Axis-II diagnosis. When subdivided according to T-score elevations above 70 on MMPI scales 4 and 6, or 4 and 9, 30% of the sample, however, met criteria for personality dysfunction. Furthermore, a significantly higher proportion of suppressors (50%) evidenced personality dysfunction than did the nonsuppressors (8%). This suggests that certain MMPI scales are able to identify a subgroup of depressed patients with personality disturbances who also have a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysfunction. PMID- 3160754 TI - Interface strength of incremental placement of visible light-cured composites. AB - The strength of bond at the interface was determined when a visible light-cured composite resin is immediately added to a previously cured surface. In general, small particle composites (Aurafill excepted) tend to lose a small amount of strength at the interface, whereas the microfilled and hybrid composites do not. PMID- 3160755 TI - Amelioration by nitroglycerin of left ventricular ischemia induced by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: assessment by hemodynamic variables and left ventriculography. AB - Increasingly longer balloon inflation times during coronary angioplasty can create significant left ventricular ischemia, amelioration of which was attempted in this study using nitroglycerin. Hemodynamic variables were assessed during inflation of an angioplasty balloon in the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery of 10 patients. Regional wall motion was assessed by left ventriculography during a separate balloon inflation. Nitroglycerin (200 micrograms) was then administered intravenously, and hemodynamic and ventriculographic assessments during balloon inflations were repeated. Balloon inflation resulted in a marked increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (from 9.2 +/- 2.1 to 19.4 +/- 2.9 mm Hg) and time constant of left ventricular relaxation (from 44.2 +/- 6.2 to 62.3 +/- 11.3 ms) and a decrease in distal coronary artery perfusion pressure (from 54 +/- 9 to 33.1 +/- 4 mm Hg). Time to onset of angina was 29 +/- 3 seconds and time to ST segment depression of 1 mm or greater was 30 +/- 3 seconds. Regional wall motion analysis 30 seconds after onset of balloon inflation revealed marked hypokinesia and akinesia in the anteroapical segments with graduated depression of inferior wall motion, greatest at the apex. After the administration of nitroglycerin, balloon inflation resulted in a smaller increase in end-diastolic pressure (from 5.0 +/- 2.7 to 8.3 +/- 2.6 mm Hg) and time constant (from 47.9 +/- 4.7 to 54.4 +/- 9.2 ms; both p less than 0.01 versus standard balloon inflation). Distal coronary artery pressure remained similar to standard balloon inflation (32 +/- 3 mm Hg) despite lower mean arterial pressure (89 +/- 5 mm Hg, p less than or equal to 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3160756 TI - Intimal proliferation of smooth muscle cells as an explanation for recurrent coronary artery stenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - The pathologic changes in the coronary arteries of three patients who died 5, 17 and 62 days, respectively, after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty were studied. Changes in the vessel wall seen early after angioplasty included focal denudation of the endothelium, splits in the intima extending to and along the inner aspect of the media, focal intimal necrosis and adventitial hemorrhage. Extensive medial dissections were seen in the coronary arteries of the two patients who died 5 and 17 days after coronary angioplasty. Fibrin was deposited on the surface of the intima, within intimal cracks and in areas of intimal and medial necrosis. Focal proliferation of smooth muscle cells was prominent on neointimal surfaces of the coronary artery from the patient who died 17 days after angioplasty. The previously dilated coronary segment from the patient who died 62 days after angioplasty was stenosed by an extensive recent proliferation of smooth muscle cells that were distributed over the entire circumference of the intimal surface as well as within gaps in the old atherosclerotic plaques. This type of intimal proliferation would appear to be responsible for the recurrent coronary artery stenosis that develops in some patients after coronary angioplasty. PMID- 3160757 TI - Regional wall motion improvement after coronary thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator: importance of coronary angioplasty. AB - To evaluate functional recovery in 20 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction who received recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, serial two dimensional echocardiograms were performed before and immediately after tissue plasminogen activator administration and at 1 and 10 days postinfarction. Tissue plasminogen activator was administered intravenously (17 patients) or by intracoronary infusion (3 patients) after angiographic confirmation of total occlusion. Reperfusion, documented by angiography, occurred in 13 of the 20 patients. The mean time from onset of chest pain to thrombolysis was 5.1 +/- 1.1 hours. Echocardiograms were evaluated for regional function with a visual semiquantitative scoring system by two independent observers who had no knowledge of patient identity, temporal sequence, therapy or effect of therapy. There was no immediate or 24 hour improvement in wall motion. At day 10 compared with pretreatment, 28 of 33 reperfused infarct zone segments versus 6 of 20 nonreperfused infarct segments demonstrated improved wall motion (p = 0.01). This improvement did not relate to time from onset of chest pain to successful thrombolysis. Of reperfused infarct zone segments in the distribution of coronary artery balloon dilation, 19 of 23 segments exhibited improvement versus 7 of 17 (reperfused, no angioplasty) and 6 of 20 (nonreperfused, no angioplasty) segments (p = 0.001). Infarct zone segments reperfused at the time of ongoing chest pain demonstrated functional recovery compared with segments reperfused in the absence of chest pain (18 of 23 versus 10 of 20, respectively; p = 0.05). Thus, in this uncontrolled series, there was echocardiographically detectable improvement in function of reperfused infarct segments 10 days after coronary thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. PMID- 3160758 TI - Changes in plasma IgE levels during complicated and uncomplicated measles virus infections. AB - Plasma IgE levels were measured in 214 samples from 182 Peruvian patients with acute measles virus infections. Plasma IgE levels were significantly elevated early in infection compared to later time points. Plasma levels of IgG from the same patients rose during the same time period, whereas levels of IgA and IgM did not change. In patients with postmeasles encephalomyelitis, IgE remained elevated longer than it did in patients either with uncomplicated measles or measles complicated by pneumonia. It is proposed that the elevation of IgE is another manifestation of the altered immunoregulatory function in patients with measles. PMID- 3160759 TI - [2 trials of measuring the flow of the intraorbital ophthalmic artery using pulsed Doppler]. AB - We studied the flow pattern of the ophthalmic artery by pulsed doppler. The technique of visualization of the artery using bidimensional echography and the method of flow calculation by pulsed doppler are described in this preliminary report. This direct, non-invasive and readily feasible technique may play a prominent role in the clinical diagnosis of ophthalmic artery diseases. PMID- 3160760 TI - Illness in the workplace: the challenge of musculoskeletal symptoms. PMID- 3160761 TI - Legal and scientific probability of causation of cancer and other environmental disease in individuals. AB - How to evaluate and apply probabilistic scientific evidence that cancer (or other diseases) have been caused by chemical substances (or other environmental agents) constitutes a critical problem which must be addressed by legal institutions. This article analyzes the basis of the current scientific concepts of causation and the means of incorporating epidemiological and statistical evidence of causation into the legal process, primarily with respect to cases of harm to individuals. Experiments with and adjustments of the legal system to effect an adequate accommodation of such probabilistic evidence are suggested. PMID- 3160762 TI - Patient selection for heart transplantation: when is a discriminating choice discrimination? AB - Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits discrimination against the handicapped in any program receiving federal funds. With its implementing regulations, Section 504 may well apply to the selection of patients for medical treatments. This article examines patient selection for heart transplantation, in light of the Rehabilitation Act and its previous application in similar (but non medical) contexts. With the growing need to allocate scarce medical resources comes a need to examine carefully the legal bounds for patient-selection procedures. PMID- 3160763 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of atrial natriuretic factor in the kidney, adrenal medulla, pituitary, and atrium of rat. AB - Mammalian atria have previously been shown to produce a variety of peptides with natriuretic and vasorelaxant activities. Certain of these atrial natriuretic factors (ANF) have been localized immunocytochemically in secretory granules of atrial myocytes. However, the precise sites of action and extra-atrial synthesis or accumulation of ANF have not been identified immunocytochemically. In the present study, immunoreactive ANF was detected in rat atrial myocytes, intercalated cells of the renal collecting ducts, adrenal medullary chromaffin cells, and gonadotrophs of the anterior pituitary using an antibody against synthetic rat ANF-IV (H2N-Arg-Ser-Ser-Cys-Phe-Gly- Gly-Arg-Ile-Asp-Arg-Ile-Gly Ala-Gln-Ser-Gly-Leu-Gly-Cys-Asn-Ser-Phe- Arg-Try-COOH). The localization of ANF in specialized cells of the renal collecting tubules and ducts supports suggestions that these structures may be a site of natriuretic action of ANF. In addition, immunocytochemical localization of ANF in the rat adrenal medulla and anterior pituitary suggests the existence of alternate sites of action and/or synthesis. We believe these findings are important for a more complete understanding of the role of ANF in fluid and sodium regulation and of the participation of ANF in the development of sodium-dependent hypertension. PMID- 3160764 TI - Ultrastructural localization of calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+ ATPase) in growth-plate cartilage. AB - The electron-microscopic cytochemical localization of calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+-ATPase) was determined in chick epiphyseal growth-plate cartilage. In the reserve zone, mitochondria and lysosomes contained substantial amounts of reaction product, while the plasma membrane and the Golgi complex showed very weak enzymatic activity, and matrix vesicle membranes did not exhibit the cytochemical reaction. As maturation proceeded, the plasma membrane, Golgi complex, and matrix vesicle membranes also stained and were most intense in the proliferative and early hypertrophic zones. From the hypertrophic to the calcifying zone, cytochemical staining decreased progressively in the plasma membrane, the Golgi complex, and lysosomes, while in some cases mitochondrial reaction product remained intense. Matrix vesicles lost their enzymatic activity at the same time that matrix vesicle calcification commenced. It is proposed that this event allows matrix vesicles to calcify, since efflux of calcium would no longer occur. PMID- 3160765 TI - Combined effect of some physical and chemical factors. AB - The effect of simultaneous exposure to noise and dimethylformamide (DMF), noise and xylol and also vibration and lead on the metabolism of the myocardium of albino rats was studied. Combined effect of the factors was examined by the method of bifactorial design of the experiment. The animals were exposed to noise, intensity 46, 85 and 95 dB (2 and 4 hours), DMF in doses of 0.25, 1.00 and 5.00 ml . kg-1 (5 days in a week), and xylol in a concentration of 300 mg . m-3 (4 hours, 5 days in a week) for a period of 1.5 months, as also to vibration, intensity 100 Hz, 4 m . sec-2 (2 hours) and lead acetate in a dose of 20 mg . kg 1 (daily for a period of 10 days). The activity of GlDG, SucDG, LDG, G6PDG, G6P ase, PGM and CytO in the myocardium of experimental and control animals was examined. Disturbances in metabolic and energy processes in the heart muscle were established after both isolated and combined exposure to the effect of the factors. Results of bifactorial variance analysis demonstrate that combined effect of noise and DMF results in not only independent effect of the two factors, but also in their interaction. Isolated effect of two factors (vibration and lead) can be assessed according to the relationship of some enzymes; their interaction can be noticed in GlDG, ATP-ase and G6P-ase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3160766 TI - Renal vein renin studies in renovascular hypertension--do they really help? AB - Measurement of the renal vein renin ratio (RVRR) is commonly used to predict the response of blood pressure to surgery in hypertensive patients with unilateral renovascular disease. We have reviewed our experience in 37 such patients in whom renal vein renin levels were measured basally and after stimulation of renin secretion with intravenous diazoxide or tilting. Twenty-four patients were cured or improved. When a basal ratio of greater than or equal to 1.5 (diseased: normal kidney) was taken as a positive test the false positive rate was 39% and the false negative rate 71%, there being little difference in outcome between those with ratios above or below 1.5. No other threshold value of RVRR identified those responding to surgery, and acute stimulation of renin secretion did not increase the value of the test. We conclude that the RVRR is of no prognostic value in the surgical treatment of hypertension due to unilateral renovascular disease. PMID- 3160768 TI - Commentary on the genetic basis for control of I-J determinants. PMID- 3160767 TI - Immune system dysfunction contributes to the aetiology of spontaneous hypertension. AB - Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) have a depressed T lymphocyte system, especially a reduced activity of the suppressor T cells, and it has been postulated that an auto-immune defect may be important in the aetiology of hypertension in these rats. In an earlier study we demonstrated that chronic immunosuppressive therapy prevents approximately 50% of the hypertension in the SHR. In the present study, an attempt was made to correct the immune imbalance by implanting thymic tissue from normotensive rats into SHRs. Weekly thymic implants from Wistar donor rats into 16-week-old SHRs produced a maximal reduction (P less than 0.05) in the tail-cuff pressure, after 4 weeks, to a level of 156 +/- 2.3 mmHg (n = 8) in thymus-implanted SHRs versus 189 +/- 2.5 mmHg (n = 6) in sham implanted SHRs. Also, neonatal thymic implants delayed development of spontaneous hypertension and attenuated the final hypertensive state. Mean arterial pressure averaged 186 +/- 2.8 mmHg in 22-week-old, neonatally sham-implanted SHRs, while it was reduced (P less than 0.05) to 164 +/- 4.2 mmHg in the neonatally thymus implanted SHRs at this time. The thymic implants had little effect on total T cell, helper T cell or suppressor T cell counts. However, the antihypertensive effect of the thymic implants was associated with a substantial increase in the blastogenic responsiveness of suppressor T cells from the SHRs. These results support the hypothesis that immunological dysfunction plays an important role in the aetiology of spontaneous hypertension. PMID- 3160769 TI - Variable requirement for murine lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) in T cell-mediated lysis depending upon the tissue origin of the target cells. PMID- 3160770 TI - Genetic and biological characterization of a T suppressor cell induced by anti idiotypic antibody. AB - The cellular and molecular characteristics of anti-idiotype-induced suppression have been investigated. We have shown that i.v. immunization of A/J or C.AL-20 mice with rabbit antibodies against the major cross-reactive idiotype on A/J anti ABA antibodies induces splenic suppressor T cells (Ts) able to suppress T cell mediated cytolytic and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to ABA. In these studies, we compare the T suppressor activity manifested by anti-Id-induced suppressor cells with that described previously after conventional antigen priming. Results indicate that i.v. injection of anti-idiotypic antibodies primes for efferent level Ts; in contrast, i.v. administration of ABA-coupled cells induces afferent level suppressor cells. Soluble cell lysates, containing suppressor factor(s) derived from these anti-idiotype-induced Ts, can also mediate suppression of T cell immune responses in an efferent manner. Factor mediated suppression is MHC-unrestricted and is also observed in mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide, suggesting that this activity is analogous to third-order suppression. Furthermore, this factor suppresses the T cell-mediated DTH and CTL responses in an antigen-nonspecific but Igh-restricted manner. These latter results suggest that the cellular elements conferring antigen specificity and Igh restriction are separate. The implications of these findings to the relationship between idiotypic elements, antigen-binding structures, and Igh restriction elements on immunoregulatory T cells are discussed. PMID- 3160771 TI - In vivo helper activity of autoreactive T cell clones. PMID- 3160772 TI - Analysis of a TH1----TH2 helper cell circuit. AB - In the present study, the T15 idiotype-recognizing T helper cell circuit was dissected with respect to its homeostasis, interactive specificity, stability over time, and effects on B cell expression. Analysis of the TH1 cells by adoptive transfer experiments indicates their short-lived state of activity, during which TH2 cells are stimulated. TH1 cell activity was also directly monitored by the use of TNP-anti-T15 hybridoma antigens. It was found that TH1 cells are detected 1 wk after priming with PC-Hy, whereas TH2 cells become activated after 4 wk of priming. Comparative analysis of TH1 cells by using two different TNP-anti-T15 hybridoma antigens indicates a TH1 specificity for a shared idiotope. The stability over time of the TH1----TH2 circuit was demonstrated by comparing TH2 frequencies in young and old mice. Finally, we addressed the question of the function of the idiotype-recognizing T helper cells and showed that stimulation of T15-idiotype-specific TH2 cells can be correlated with a significant increase in the percentage of T15 idiotype in an anti-PC response. Collectively, these data describe an idiotype-specific T helper circuit as part of the network homeostasis of the immune system. PMID- 3160773 TI - The distribution of the Qa-2 alloantigen on functional T lymphocytes. AB - The expression of Qa-2 on functional lymphocytes was investigated in vitro and in vivo by using a monoclonal anti-Qa-2 antibody. In vitro treatment of T cells with antibody and complement demonstrated that T cells mediating help or delayed-type hypersensitivity for anti-SRBC responses were Qa-2+. In addition, cytotoxic T cells and either their precursors or cells involved in their generation were Qa 2+, as were anti-HGG suppressor T cells. Panning techniques were also used to show that secondary suppressor T cells were Qa-2+ and that there may be heterogeneity in suppressor T cells defined by Qa-2 expression. In vivo treatment of mice with anti-Qa-2 resulted in decrease in immune responsiveness seen by i) prolongation of skin grafts with either H-2D or I-A differences, ii) suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity, and iii) inhibition of T cell-mediated suppression. Finally, IgG, but not IgM, anti-body-forming cells were Qa-2+. PMID- 3160774 TI - Graft-vs-host reactions (GVHR) across minor murine histocompatibility barriers. II. Development of natural suppressor cell activity. AB - We explored the immunoincompetence of mice undergoing a chronic graft-vs-host reaction (GVHR) across minor histocompatibility barriers. BALB/c and B10.D2 mice are H-2d and mls b, and differ only with regard to minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHA). A large number of BALB/c mice were unirradiated or were irradiated with 300, 600, or 900 R. They then were injected with 5 X 10(7) spleen cells from either allogeneic B10.D2 or syngeneic BALB/c mice. The spleen cells from these recipient mice were assayed at various times post irradiation/injection for their proliferative response to Con A and LPS, their ability to suppress the mitogen responses of normal spleen cells, and for the genetic specificity of this suppression. Spleen cells from BALB/c mice that had received 600 or 900 R (but not 0 or 300 R), and allogeneic B10.D2 lymphocytes, became very hyporesponsive to mitogens and became suppressive in vitro by days 7 to 10 post-irradiation/injection. These phenomena persisted for the entire 49 days of the experiment. After an initial period of splenomegaly, the spleens of these mice gradually became depleted of viable lymphocytes. Initial characterization of suppressor cells found in the spleens of GVH mice showed that they were not removed by treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 plus complement. GVH suppressors also were not adherent to plates coated with antiserum directed towards murine Ig. In addition, these cells did not adhere to plastic plates. Thus, we believe that the suppressor cells found in mice undergoing GVHD across MiHA are not mature T cells, B cells, or macrophages, but belong to a class of suppressor cells termed natural suppressor (NS). Genetic analysis of NS cell activity showed that as early as 10 days post-irradiation/injection, NS cells inhibited mitogen responses of all mouse strains tested, the exception being the relative difficulty in suppressing the LPS response of B10.D2 (syngeneic with donor cells). By day 42, this had developed into an almost complete inability to suppress a B10.D2 LPS response, although at this time NS cells were still capable of inhibiting all the other mitogen responses of all strains tested, including the Con A response of B10.D2 spleen cells. Moderate amounts of mitogen unresponsiveness and suppressor activity were seen in the syngeneic groups (BALB/c----BALB/c) but only if recipients received 600 or 900 R. This was a transient phenomenon that was maximal at day 14, and which we believe to be a similar but less severe degree of immunoincompetence when compared with that seen with allogeneic stimulation in the B10.D2----BALB/c GVH model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3160775 TI - Strong suppression by monocytes of T cell mitogenesis in chicken peripheral blood leukocytes. AB - Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) isolated from chicken blood by flotation on Ficoll-Hypaque (FH) have much lower proliferative responses to Con A and PHA than PBL isolated by slow-speed (SS) centrifuging at 60 X G. FH preparations contain all categories of blood cells except erythrocytes, whereas SS are almost devoid of nonlymphoid cells. FH responses approach SS levels after filtration through Sephadex G-10, which removes almost all monocytes detectable by neutral red and nonspecific esterase methods, while only partially depleting granulocytes and thrombocytes. Thus, the low responses of FH are probably associated with suppressor activity of monocytes in these preparations, numbering 6 to 8% of mononuclear cells. G-10 filtration decreases responses of SS preparations, indicating that the few (less than 0.1%) monocytes in SS function mainly as helper cells. In co-cultures, irradiated FH cells (FHX) but not SSX produce as much as 90% suppression of SS or FH responses. Suppression by FHX is totally inhibited by heat killing (56 degrees C for 45 min) or monocyte inactivation by preincubation with Trypan blue, and is removed by G-10 filtration, although not completely. Adherent cells isolated from unirradiated FH on Cytodex beads (ADC CY) produce up to 99% suppression in co-culture with SS or nonadherent cells derived from FH. Soluble suppressor factors can be detected in conditioned media from supernatants of Con A-stimulated cocultures containing suppressor monocytes, but their suppressor activity is partially opposed by stimulatory factors, possibly interleukin 2, also present in supernatants. It is concluded that in FH preparations and therefore in blood, but not in SS, monocytes that have not been activated exert strong suppressor activity on mitogen-induced T cell proliferation. Occasional chickens of one inbred line, RPRL 72, had exceptionally high suppressor activity of monocytes, as shown by very low FH responses and very high suppressor effects of FHX well outside the normal range of variation found in this line or in line RPRL 63. This abnormal suppressor activity may have resulted from activation of suppressor monocytes as a response to subclinical infection. PMID- 3160776 TI - Inhibition of humoral immunity in vivo by monoclonal antibody to L3T4: studies with soluble antigens in intact mice. AB - Monoclonal antibody (MAb) to the mouse "helper" T cell antigen L3T4 inhibits the T cell response to class II major histocompatibility antigens on antigen presenting cells in vitro and in thymectomized mice. To examine the effect of MAb to L3T4 on humoral immunity in euthymic mice, we treated BALB/c mice with 1 mg of anti-L3T4 i.p. at the time of immunization with either bovine serum albumin (BSA) or chicken egg ovalbumin (OA) in complete Freund's adjuvant. Administration of MAb to L3T4 selectively depleted greater than 90% of L3T4+ cells from the blood, spleen, and lymph nodes, but it had little effect on thymocytes. Mice treated with anti-L3T4 were unable to generate an IgG response to either BSA or OA. Treatment with anti-L3T4 also prevented the antigen-specific IgM response to these antigens, although it did not prevent nonspecific stimulation of IgM anti BSA and anti-OA antibodies induced by adjuvant in the absence of antigen. Humoral immunity was inhibited even when treatment was delayed until 48 hr after immunization. These findings indicate that T cell help for humoral immunity can be abrogated in intact mice by MAb to L3T4. PMID- 3160777 TI - Antigen-specific suppressor T lymphocytes in man make use of the same set of surface molecules as do cytolytic T lymphocytes: roles of Leu-2/T8, Leu-4/T3, Leu 5/T11, LFA-1 molecules. AB - When cultured with autologous antigen-primed Leu-3+ lymphoblasts, Leu-2+ cells differentiate into suppressor T cells (Ts) that specifically inhibit the responses of fresh autologous Leu-3+ cells to the priming antigen. We have shown previously that the Leu-4/T3 (CD-3) molecular complex and HLA-A,B molecules on the surface of Leu-3+ inducer blasts are recognized by Leu-2+ Ts during their differentiation. This study examines the role of various cell surface molecules expressed by Leu-2+ Ts during the inductive and effector phases of suppression. Leu-2+ cells were treated in the absence of complement with a variety of monoclonal antibodies recognizing distinct human lymphoid antigens either before or after their activation with alloantigen-primed Leu-3+ blasts. Antibodies to Leu-2/T8 (CD-8) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) (CDw-18) molecules inhibited not only the generation but also the effector function of Leu 2+ Ts. Although antibodies to Leu-4/T3 (CD-3) and Leu-5/T11 (CD-2) molecules caused profound inhibition of the activation of Ts, these antibodies failed to inhibit the effector function of Ts. On the contrary, anti-Leu-4 antibody consistently augmented the suppressor effect of Ts. Antibodies directed against Leu-1/T1 (CD-5), Leu-3/T4 (CD-4), LFA-3, and class I (HLA-A,B,C) and class II (HLA-DR,DQ) major histocompatibility complex molecules had no effect on either the generation or the effector function of Ts. These results suggest the involvement of Leu-2/T8 (CD-8), Leu-4/T3 (CD-3), Leu-5/T11 (CD-2), and LFA-1 (CDw 18) molecules on the surfaces of Leu-2+ cells in the activation and effector functions of Ts. PMID- 3160778 TI - Orderly expression of B cell antigens during the in vitro differentiation of nonmalignant human pre-B cells. AB - Early human pre-B cells were isolated from fetal bone marrow and induced to differentiate in vitro under the stimulus of phorbol myristic acid or leukocyte conditioned medium during a 48-hr culture period. Tritiated thymidine culture experiments substantiated that changes in surface marker phenotypes were not the results of outgrowth of subsets responsive to these stimuli. Interestingly, the addition of monoclonal antibodies directed against CALLA resulted in neither proliferation nor differentiation of the fetal lymphoid progenitor cells. Distinct changes in cell surface phenotypes were observed without evidence of cellular enrichment or depletion. The number of CALLA- and TdT-positive cells decreased, whereas the number of B1- and sIgM-positive cells increased. Moreover, a small number of pre-B cells could be driven to a more mature phenotype with the appearance of B2 and sIgG. In contrast, the pan-B B4 antigen did not alter significantly. These changes were even more pronounced when both induction stimuli were present. These studies, and previous studies on the subsets and differentiation of non-T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias, suggest an orderly acquisition of B cell antigens during the stages of pre-B cell differentiation in man. PMID- 3160779 TI - Evaluation of lymphocyte differentiation in primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases. AB - The differentiation status of T and B cells was evaluated in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI), selective IgA deficiency (IgA), X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with the use of conventional lymphocyte markers and four new monoclonal antibodies that identify lymphocyte subpopulations. These antibodies are HB 4, which identifies a subpopulation of resting B cells; HB 5, which identifies the C3d/EBV receptor on mature B cells; HB 7, which identifies immature B lymphocytes; and HB 10, which reacts with virgin but not activated or memory T cells. T and B cells from the IgA patients typically had normal phenotypic profiles, whereas diverse patterns of lymphocyte maturation were observed in CVI. In 11 of 16 CVI patients, B cells had normal antigenic phenotypes. Although B cells from four other CVI patients had normal frequencies of HB 5 and HB 7 antigen expression, few expressed the HB 4 antigen, suggesting that they were activated. In contrast, a large percentage of B cells from one CVI patient were of an immature phenotype. The expression of the HB 10 antigen by T cells in CVI patients was also variable, being normal in 10 of 16 patients, yet significantly decreased in six others. The vast majority of the limited numbers of IgM B cells from five XLA patients (greater than 100-fold reduction) has an immature phenotype (HB 4-5-7+). Interestingly, the circulating T cells in XLA patients were phenotypically similar to those in normal newborns, suggesting that T cell immaturity or defective T cell activation may occur in these B cell-deficient individuals. Circulating B cells from AIDS patients were mostly HB 7-, with variable expression of the HB 4 antigen and significantly decreased expression of the HB 5 antigen. Most of the T cells from AIDS patients were HB 10-, and thus appeared to be activated. PMID- 3160780 TI - Cyclosporine-induced transplantation unresponsiveness in rat cardiac allograft recipients: in vitro determination of helper and suppressor activity. AB - Lymphocytes from spleen, peripheral blood, thymus, and lymph node of naive rats, nonimmunosuppressed recipients of MHC-incompatible heart grafts, and cyclosporine treated recipients of MHC-incompatible heart grafts were tested for their ability to augment or suppress proliferation of naive cells in an in vitro MLR co-culture assay. Rats treated with cyclosporine for only 7 days maintained their grafts indefinitely. Potent suppressor activity was found in the peripheral blood and spleen of adult naive rats. In untreated engrafted rats, increased suppressor activity was found 1 wk after transplantation and increased helper activity 2 wk after transplantation. In contrast, subnormal helper and suppressor activity was found in cyclosporine-treated rats 1 wk after transplantation. Subsequently, suppressor activity peaked at 2 to 3 wk and helper activity at 4 wk after transplantation. Beyond 5 wk, the cyclosporine-treated rat was indistinguishable from naive ungrafted rats. Two types of suppressor activity were identified that differed in buoyant density and cyclophosphamide sensitivity. Neither suppressor activity demonstrated antigen specificity. These data suggest that one role of cyclosporine in this rat model is to delay the initial helper mechanisms until generalized suppressor activity is operable. The increased antigen-nonspecific activity is only transient, presumably until the final antigen-specific mechanisms become operative. PMID- 3160782 TI - Differential requirements for the production by a T helper clone of the lymphokines involved in the induction of polyclonal proliferation and differentiation of unstimulated B lymphocytes. AB - Antigen-activated T helper (TH) cells secrete into their supernatant various lymphokines that are able to drive B cells to proliferate and to differentiate into Ig-secreting cells. In this report, we compared the production of these two types of activities by a TH clone. We found that B cell proliferating activity was released by TH cells under conditions in which T cell proliferation and the release of the B cell differentiating activity were totally blocked by anti-L3T4 monoclonal antibody GK1.5. The release of these two activities also dissociated during the reversion of T cells to the resting state after activation with antigen. Two weeks after activation, the T cell clone still secreted B cell proliferating activity, but did not secrete B cell differentiating activity. Three to four weeks after activation, neither activity was produced. The data suggest that the genes coding for these two activities are independently regulated in activated T cells. The implications of these observations concerning B lymphocyte development are discussed. PMID- 3160781 TI - Antibodies to common leukocyte antigen p220 influence human T cell proliferation by modifying IL 2 receptor expression. AB - The p220 antigen is found on the high m.w. form of the T200 common leukocyte antigen family. Although T200 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) react with all hematopoietic cells, p220 MAb react only with B cells, NK cells, about 50% of CD4+ T helper cells, and about 90% of CD8+ T suppressor cells. The p220 antigen appears to play an important role in T cell activation, because anti-p220 MAb at doses as low as 5 ng/ml accelerate the proliferation kinetics of PHA-stimulated T cells and augment anti-CD3-driven proliferation when IL 2 is in excess. Fab fragments have no effect on PHA-stimulated cells but partially block proliferation in response to anti-CD3. Our data suggest that p220 is functionally related to expression of the IL 2 receptor. Anti-p220 MAb cause an increase in the number of T cells that express the IL 2 receptor early after activation. In addition, T cells begin to turn off expression of p220 after activation, and two color immunofluorescence shows that by day 3 after activation the cells expressing the most IL 2 receptor have the least p220. The loss of p220 on T cells may reflect a post-thymic differentiation process related to cell activation. Our data are consistent with a model where the p220- T cells in peripheral blood are a more activated population of T cells that have lost p220 and its ability to regulate their IL 2 receptor expression. PMID- 3160783 TI - Clonal analysis of B cell growth and differentiation activities induced from T lymphocytes upon triggering of T3-Ti and T11 pathways. AB - The cellular origin of B cell growth factors (BCGF) and differentiation factors (BCDF) was investigated in the present study. For this purpose, T4+ and T8+ T cell clones were obtained from human peripheral blood, activated via stimulation of either the antigen/MHC receptor (T3-Ti molecular complex) or the antigen independent alternative pathway (T11 molecule), and subsequently examined for their capacity to induce B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin production. The results showed that 1) BCGF is produced by both T4+ and T8+ T cells at the population level as well as at the clonal level; 2) BCDF activity, in contrast, is largely but not exclusively restricted to the T4+ subset; and 3) both the T3 Ti and T11 pathways activate individual clonal T cell populations to promote B cell growth and differentiation. PMID- 3160784 TI - Decreased sensitivity of atopic mononuclear cells to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). AB - The effect of PGE2 and PGD2 on several lymphocyte functions in vitro was evaluated in nonatopic and atopic subjects. Both PGE2 and PGD2 inhibited phytohemagglutinin-induced protein synthesis ([3H] leucine uptake) by nonatopic mononuclear cells and T cells in a dose-dependent manner (10(-6) to 10(-12) M). Protein synthesis by atopic mononuclear cells was not significantly suppressed by the above concentration of PGE2. Although PGD2 effectively suppressed protein synthesis by atopic mononuclear cells and T cells at 10(-6) M, lower concentrations were ineffective. Kinetic studies revealed significant differences in the suppressive effects of PGE2 and PGD2 on atopic and nonatopic mononuclear cells at 24 and 48 h, but not at 72 or 96 hr. Protein synthesis by T helper enriched populations (suppressor cell depletion by anti-Leu-2b + complement) obtained from nonatopics was significantly reduced by PGE2 and PGD2, suggesting that these mediators may be directly inhibiting the responding population. By contrast, protein synthesis by T suppressor-enriched populations (helper cell depletion by OKT4 + complement) obtained from nonatopics was enhanced by PGE2 and PGD2, suggesting that the PG were activating these cells. Atopic T helper and T suppressor cells exhibited decreased responsiveness to PGE2 and PGD2 compared with nonatopic cells. PGE2 and PGD2 inhibited the phytohemagglutinin-stimulated proliferative response ([3H]thymidine uptake) by both atopic and nonatopic mononuclear cells in a dose-dependent manner and to the same extent. However, although PGE2 and PGD2 generated functional suppressor activity (when using a coculture technique) in nonatopic mononuclear cells, these mediators failed to activate atopic suppressor cells. These results suggest that reduced responses by atopic T cells to signals provided by PGE2 and PGD2 are not solely restricted to suppressor cell function, and could indicate an impaired ability to regulate immune and/or inflammatory reactions. PMID- 3160785 TI - Phorbol myristate acetate mediates redistribution of protein kinase C in human neutrophils: potential role in the activation of the respiratory burst enzyme. AB - Protein kinase C may be important in leukocyte function, because it is activated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a potent stimulus of the respiratory burst in neutrophils. The localization of protein kinase C was compared in unstimulated and PMA-stimulated human neutrophils. Protein kinase C was primarily cytosolic in unstimulated cells but became associated with the particulate fraction after treatment of cells with PMA. The particulate-associated kinase activity did not require added calcium and lipids, but when extracted by Triton X-100 (greater than or equal to 0.2%), calcium and phospholipid dependence could be demonstrated. The EC50 of PMA for stimulating kinase redistribution and activation of NADPH oxidase, the respiratory burst enzyme, were similar (30 to 40 nM). Redistribution of protein kinase C occurred rapidly (no lag) and preceded NADPH oxidase activation (30 sec lag). These results suggest that redistribution of protein kinase C is linked to activation of the respiratory burst in human neutrophils. PMID- 3160786 TI - Prophylactic immunization against experimental leishmaniasis. V. Mechanism of the anti-protective blocking effect induced by subcutaneous immunization against Leishmania major infection. AB - The responsiveness of BALB/c mice to protective i.v. immunization with 150,000 rad irradiated or heat-killed Leishmania major promastigotes can be totally suppressed by prior subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of the same "vaccine." Induction of this effect is leishmania specific for although prevention of protection against L. major infection can be obtained with either homologous or Leishmania donovani promastigotes, it does not follow s.c. administration of an immunogenic Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote preparation. Multiple s.c. injections of irradiated L. major promastigotes do not inhibit the subsequent antibody response of any major isotype to i.v. immunization, but rather induce some priming. The same s.c. injections induced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactivity that could be transferred locally or systemically, although it was weaker than in mice with cured infections. Parallel cell-mediated immunity (CMI) responses were also reflected in vitro in specific lymphocyte transformation assays. Despite this evidence of a DTH/helper type of T cell response, transfer of 5 X 10(7) viable T cell-enriched spleen cells from 4 X s.c. immunized donors to normal recipients completely abrogated the protective response to i.v. immunization. Conversely, T cell-depleted (anti-Thy-1.2 + C treated) cells were without effect. The inhibitory T cells were defined by monoclonal antibody pretreatment as possessing an Lyt-1+2-,L3T4+ phenotype. T cells from s.c. immunized donors were also shown, by mixed transfer experiments, to counteract completely the protective effect of T cells from i.v. immunized donors in 550-rad irradiated recipients. They were as potent as suppressor T cells from donors with progressive disease both in this capacity and in abrogating the prophylactic effect of sublethal irradiation itself. The similarities and differences between suppressor and immune effector T cells induced by s.c. or i.v. immunization and those arising in response to leishmanial infection itself are discussed. PMID- 3160787 TI - Influenza-specific suppression: contribution of major viral proteins to the generation and function of T suppressor cells. AB - Suppressor cells were generated in BALB/c mice by two sequential injections of PR8 influenza virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34[H1N1]) and were tested for their ability to inhibit proliferative cellular responses towards multiple viral and nonviral antigens. In this way, suppression specific to PR8 as compared with purified protein derivative (PPD) and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) antigenic responses was illustrated. Experiments involving adoptive transfer of suppression to naive hosts with subfractionated lymphocyte populations demonstrated that the suppressors were Lyt-2+ T cells. Two major questions were addressed with this system. First, a determination was made of which anti-viral protein proliferative responses were affected by the PR8-induced T suppressor (Ts) cells. Ts cells were found to inhibit proliferating cells with specificities for isolated hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), nucleoprotein (NP), and matrix (M) antigens. Second, experiments were conducted to analyze the viral proteins contributing to the induction of PR8-specific Ts cells. Inoculations with either isolated HA or a combination of M + NP proteins induced T suppression specific to proliferative responses towards PR8. These experiments illustrate the contribution of external (HA and NA) as well as internal (M + NP) viral proteins to Ts cell generation and function. PMID- 3160789 TI - Isolation of human complement factors C3, C5 and H. AB - An improved method for simultaneous purification of complement factors C3, C5 and H from human plasma has been developed. Using an initial batch separation technique with QAE-Sephadex, followed by chromatography on SP-Sephadex and gel filtration in Sephadex G-200, 600 mg of highly pure C3 can be prepared from 1600 ml of plasma. Simultaneously about 70 mg of highly pure factor H and 30 mg of C5 are obtained by chromatography of post SP-Sephadex material on DEAE-Sephacel. A small amount of C3 in the C5 pool is removed by anti-C3-Sepharose. By maleylation or citraconylation of reduced and alkylated C3, the constitutive polypeptide chains are modified in a way that made them separable by ion exchange chromatography. PMID- 3160790 TI - A microtiter plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring C3b receptors on human erythrocytes. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for quantitation of complement C3b receptors (C3bR) on human erythrocytes fixed in monolayer to microtiter plates. The disadvantages of macro test tube systems (large consumption of sample material and reagents, tedious washing procedures, cell loss and hemolysis) were avoided, and the fixed cells could be stored. In return a modest reduction in antigenicity induced by glutaraldehyde was inevitable. The calibration curve expressed a detection limit of about 10% and discrimination between levels of C3bR in the interval of about 10-120% of a standard erythrocyte with a high uptake of anti-C3b-receptor antibodies. The determinations of C3bR in normals as well as in patients varied within these limits, and showed a preponderance of low levels in the patients. The between-day coefficient of variation was 10.3%; the within-assay interplate and intraplate determinations respectively gave coefficients of variation of 9.7% and 6.2%. The method is suitable for further development and use for investigation of erythrocyte-bound immune complexes. PMID- 3160788 TI - Comparison of a medium supplement--'Nu-Serum'--and foetal calf serum in RPMI 1640 used for the murine allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - A commercially available medium supplement, Nu-Serum, was compared with foetal calf serum for its ability to support the murine allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. Nu-Serum supported proliferation whilst at the same time producing significantly lower counts in unstimulated cultures. There was considerably less batch-to-batch variation with Nu-Serum than with foetal calf serum, which obviated the need for pretesting in order to find a suitable batch. PMID- 3160791 TI - ATPase and morphologic changes induced by UVB on Langerhans cells in guinea pigs. AB - We have devised, in guinea pigs, an improved ATPase technique which enables one to proceed from light to electron microscope study while preserving, on the ultrastructural level, the various membranous structures, in particular the Langerhans cell (LC) granules. Using this method, we have been able to confirm the action of acute, low-dose UVB on the surface enzymatic marker, ATPase. Moreover, this study has shown that the ATPase-negative LC contain abnormal LC granules or, more often, are deficient in LC granules. In a previous work, we have shown that, after epicutaneous application of a hapten, one successively observes an extensive adsorptive pinocytosis process, the disappearance of the membranous ATPase system, and the appearance of LC granules in the cytoplasm. Therefore we may suppose that, after UVB irradiation, the disappearance of the ATPase system and/or the possible alteration of the adsorptive pinocytosis process interrupts or alters the formation of LC granules. These successive events might play a vital role in the formation of the hapten--carrier protein-Ia antigen complex. In their absence in a large number of LC, following UV irradiation, epicutaneous application of a hapten would lead to the development of a state of immune tolerance. PMID- 3160792 TI - Induction and suppression of contact sensitivity to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). AB - Although both fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and trinitrophenyl (TNP) covalently couple primarily to the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues of surface glycoprotein, FITC is structurally different from TNP. In this paper, we investigated the immune regulatory mechanisms in contact sensitivity (CS) to FITC by the administration of FITC and FITC-conjugated epidermal cells (FITC-EC) via various routes. Mice injected with FITC via i.p. or i.v. route did not induce CS but induced hyporesponsiveness to the following sensitization with FITC painting. Mice injected with FITC via s.c. route induced neither CS nor hyporesponsiveness to the following FITC painting. Administration of FITC via i.v. route was demonstrated to induce hapten-specific suppressor T cells. Inoculation of FITC-EC via s.c. or i.p. route induced CS, whereas injection of FITC-EC via i.v. route did not induce CS but induced hyporesponsiveness to the following FITC painting. The results are compared with the previous data obtained by trinitrobenzene sulfonate and trinitrophenyl-conjugated epidermal cells. PMID- 3160793 TI - [Clinical results of a hepatitis B vaccine (H-B-VAX, Merck) in healthy adults in Japan]. PMID- 3160794 TI - [Results of coronary bypass surgery and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for single vessel disease]. PMID- 3160795 TI - [Effect of steroids on the formation of progesterone in the fetal membrane]. AB - Recently, there have been some reports on the capacity of steroid metabolism of the fetal membrane. However, the mechanism of its regulation and its physiological meaning are not known. The authors therefore studied the progesterone (P4) producing capacity of the membrane and the effects of various types of sex steroids on it, using membrane cells. The membranes collected at the times of normal transvaginal deliveries (labor pains (+) group) and elective cesarean sections (labor pains (-) group) were separated into the decidua (D), chorion (C) and amnion (A), and were treated with collagenase to form free membrane cells. They were then incubated and studied for the conversion of pregnanolone (P5) which was added into P4 as a substrate. The effects of estradiol (E2), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and testosterone (T) on the conversion were also studied. The following results were obtained: 1) In the labor pain (+) group, C, D and A demonstrated the capacity to convert P5. The conversions in C and D were linearly dose-responsive in the P5 dose ranges of 0 1,000 ng/ml and 100-1,000 ng/ml, respectively. By contrast, there was no linear dose-response relationship in the conversion in A. 2) The production of P4 in C was significantly inhibited by the addition of E2, DHA and T. 3) The production of P4 in A and D was not affected by other steroids. 4) In the labor pain (-) group, the production of P4 in C was not inhibited by E2 and DHA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3160796 TI - [Comparative studies on the characteristic structure of sensory and motor mechanisms in the stomatognathic system of the pangolin, Manis aurita (Mammalia). Part 2. Electron microscopic observations on the masticatory muscle spindles in the pangolin]. PMID- 3160798 TI - Instrument failure in in vitro fertilization: a case report. PMID- 3160797 TI - Fetal abnormality (Goldenhar syndrome) occurring in one of triplet infants derived from in vitro fertilization with possible monozygotic twinning. AB - Of 36 infants delivered following conception by in vitro fertilization (IVF), 1 case of significant fetal abnormality has been detected. The infant is one of male triplets exposed to medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in utero and demonstrates abnormalities of the ear, vertebral column, and ribs which fit clearly into the oculoauriculovertebral syndrome described by Goldenhar and which have been reported in monozygotic twins with discordance. Marker studies including eight blood groups, HLA haplotype assignments, and banding studies of the chromosomes indicate that the infant and one of his brothers may well be identical (P less than 0.001 for dizygosity) except for the Fy(a) antigen. It is deduced that the fetal abnormality is not causally related either to MPA exposure or to the techniques applied during fertilization and early embryo culture, and furthermore, if the infant is the monozygotic twin of one of his brothers, the two phenomena are unrelated, as each was likely to have occurred at different stages of embryonic development. PMID- 3160799 TI - Various techniques for oocyte recovery in an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program. AB - Oocyte recovery in an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program can be performed by laparoscopy or by sonography. Most IVF teams use either one or the other of these methods. In Clamart, we undertook 407 IVF attempts from September 1983 to March 1984, 225 by laparoscopy under general anesthesia, 97 by laparoscopy under local anesthesia, and 85 by sonography. Excluding the recovery techniques, all aspects of the program (ovulation monitoring, culture, and transfer) were identical in order to study the effects of the anesthesia and the ultrasound. We did not find any significant difference in pregnancy rates, inclusive of biochemical pregnancies, among these three recovery methods, although ultrasonically guided puncture gave fewer follicles, oocytes, and embryos than laparoscopy. PMID- 3160800 TI - Plasma concentrations of the natural anticoagulants protein C and protein S in patients with proteinuria. AB - We measured the plasma concentrations of the natural anticoagulant protein C and its cofactor protein S in 17 patients with severe proteinuria. In addition, prothrombin and antithrombin III levels were measured in the same group of patients. These results were compared with results obtained in 26 healthy controls and a group of 14 patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) but minimal proteinuria. Protein C, protein S, and prothrombin levels were not significantly different between healthy controls and patients with CRI. However, protein C, protein S, and prothrombin levels were significantly elevated in 71%, 82%, and 76%, respectively, of patients with proteinuria. Antithrombin III levels were decreased in three of these 17 patients with proteinuria. Plasma concentrations of protein C, protein S, and prothrombin correlated significantly with each other and were inversely correlated with serum albumin concentrations. In three patients, high protein C, protein S, and prothrombin levels returned to normal during remission of the proteinuric state. Proteins C and S were not detectable in the urine of two patients with high-grade proteinuria. Thus, the plasma levels of the vitamin K-dependent, natural anticoagulant protein C and its cofactor protein S are increased in patients with proteinuria. The elevated plasma levels of other vitamin K-dependent proteins, such as prothrombin, suggest a generalized elevation in vitamin K-dependent protein synthesis in patients with proteinuria. PMID- 3160801 TI - Identification of a mouse monoclonal antibody, LHLP-1, specific for human Lp(a). AB - Heretofore, immunologic reagents used to define and quantify human Lp(a) have been polyclonal in origin and therefore heterogeneous in antigenic specificity. We report here the isolation of a mouse monoclonal antibody, LHLP-1, monospecific for Lp(a). The antigen reactive with LHLP-1 was expressed in both lipoprotein Lp(a) as well as apolipoprotein Lp(a) delipidated by SDS treatment; however, disulfide reduction of apolipoprotein Lp(a) inhibited LHLP-1 reactivity. The antigen reactive with LHLP-1 on Lp(a), therefore, appears not to require lipid for expression of its conformationally dependent (disulfide-inhibitable) epitope. Antigen reactivity was virtually absent in the apoB and other proteins contained in very low density, low density, and high density lipoprotein particles. Immunologic quantification of Lp(a) in individual serum samples with a rabbit reference antiserum or LHLP-1 showed good correlation. We conclude that the monoclonal antibody LHLP-1 identifies an antigen unique to Lp(a) and that this antibody may therefore be useful in the further characterization and measurement of human Lp(a). PMID- 3160803 TI - Central opioids: a possible role in parturition? AB - Pregnant rats were implanted with subcutaneous minipumps to deliver either naloxone or saline. The time-course of subsequent parturition was different between the two groups: the interval between successive births was significantly shorter for the naloxone-treated rats. This supports the hypothesis that the opioid innervation of the neurohypophysis, which is known to influence oxytocin release profoundly, has a physiological role in parturition. To test the further hypothesis that this role is particularly important in a stressful environment, pregnant rats, again implanted with minipumps, were regularly transferred, at 15 min intervals beginning with the birth of the first pup, between their normal cage and the unfamiliar environment of a glass observation chamber. No difference was noted between the time-courses of parturition for the naloxone- and saline treated groups, although the time-courses were markedly altered from those observed in rats not subjected to an unfamiliar environment. We conclude that opioid modulation of oxytocin release may play a role in 'spacing' the delivery of successive births during normal parturition. PMID- 3160802 TI - Inhibition by prostaglandin E2 of the release of vasopressin and beta-endorphin from rat pituitary neurointermediate lobe or medial basal hypothalamus in vitro. AB - The present study was performed to examine the effect of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, and that of various prostaglandins on the release of vasopressin and beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-EI) from the rat neurointermediate lobe of the hypophysis, which was superfused in vitro. Indomethacin (2.8 and 28 mumol/l) changed neither basal secretion of vasopressin nor that evoked by electrical stimulation, whereas the resting release of beta-EI was enhanced by indomethacin (28 mumol/l). Prostaglandin (PG) E2 did not influence resting release of vasopressin but markedly inhibited (by about 50%) electrically induced release of vasopressin (least effective concentration: 300 nmol/l) as well as spontaneous secretion of beta-EI (least effective concentration: 100 nmol/l) in the presence of indomethacin (28 mumol/l). Prostaglandin F2 alpha (5 mumol/l) also inhibited the evoked release of vasopressin, whereas PGD2 (5 mumol/l) did not. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (5 mumol/l), D2 and I2 (1.5 mumol/l each) produced no effects on beta-EI release. As observed in the neurohypophysis, PGE2 inhibited the electrically induced release of vasopressin from the medial basal hypothalamus in vitro. We conclude that prostaglandins (especially PGE2) can inhibit (1) the stimulated release of vasopressin when acting on vasopressin-containing nerve terminals of either neurosecretory system (neurohypophysis, median eminence region), and (2) the secretion of beta-EI and, as can be inferred, alpha-MSH, by a direct action on intermediate lobe cells. PMID- 3160804 TI - Both L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ helper T cells initiate cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against allogenic major histocompatibility antigens but not against trinitrophenyl-modified self. AB - This study characterizes the T helper (Th) cells that initiate primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against allogeneic and trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified self class I major histocompatibility (MHC) determinants. We show that two distinct Th cell subsets participate in allospecific CTL responses: (a) an L3T4+,Lyt-2- class II-restricted Th cell population, and (b) an L3T4-,Lyt-2+ class I-restricted Th cell population. Both of these T cell subpopulations were shown to function in allospecific CTL responses as helper cells by their ability to show synergy with allospecific CTL precursors. Thus, primary class I allospecific CTL responses represent an immune response involving not only L3T4+ Th cells, but Lyt-2+ Th cells as well. One of the necessary functions performed by both L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ Th cell populations in allospecific CTL responses was found to be the secretion of interleukin 2. Finally, despite the many similarities between anti-allo- and anti-TNP-CTL responses, anti-TNP-CTL responses were found to be mediated by only L3T4+ Th cells, not by Lyt-2+ Th cells. Consequently, Lyt-2+ Th cells appear to be a helper cell population that is primarily involved in MHC-specific immune responses. PMID- 3160805 TI - Detection and characterization of high affinity plasma membrane receptors for human interleukin 1. AB - Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a polypeptide hormone that acts as a central mediator of inflammation. Since IL-1 action is presumably mediated by specific cell surface receptor(s), we have characterized the binding of this hormone to cells. Purified human IL-1 was labeled to high specific activity with 125I, using Bolton-Hunter reagent. The labeled protein binds specifically to LBRM-33-1A5 (a murine T lymphoma line previously shown to produce IL-2 in response to phytohemagglutinin and IL-1) with an affinity of approximately 0.2-2 X 10(10)/M and, at saturation, to approximately 500 receptors per cell, on intact cells at 8 degrees C in the presence of sodium azide. The affinity of unmodified IL-1 for the murine plasma membrane receptor is 0.9-2 X 10(10)/M, as measured by the inhibition of 125I-IL-1 binding. The murine receptor specificity has been confirmed by demonstrating that, among a series of 12 polypeptide hormones, only IL-1 inhibits 125I-IL-1 binding to LBRM-33-1A5 cells. Treatment of surface-bound 125I-IL-1 with bivalent water-soluble crosslinkers identified a membrane polypeptide of Mr 79,500 to which IL-1 is crosslinked. A variety of cell types have been surveyed for the capacity to bind 125I-IL-1 specifically. The presence of specific binding correlates with the capacity of the cells tested to respond to IL-1. Our results indicate that the biological effects of the polypeptide hormone IL-1 are mediated by high affinity plasma membrane receptors. The identification of these receptors should provide valuable insight into the apparently diverse biological activities of IL-1. PMID- 3160806 TI - Dendritic cells that have interacted with antigen are targets for natural killer cells. AB - Natural killer (NK) cells (poly I:C induced, x-ray resistant, nonadherent, Thy-1 , Ly-1.1-, Ly-2.1-, anti-asialo GM1-positive, and cytotoxic for YAC-1) suppressed T lymphocyte proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and autologous MLR cultures. Dendritic cells (DC) were required for proliferation of lymphocytes in both responses. The question whether lymphocytes or DC were the targets for NK cells was resolved by taking advantage of the fact that NK cells, but not DC, lose activity after 24 h in culture. Three findings indicate that DC, not lymphocytes, are targets for NK cells. First, responses suppressed by NK cells were fully restored by adding small numbers of DC to cultures 24 h after NK cells had been added. Second, DC incubated alone with NK cells and antigen for 24 h did not stimulate proliferation of lymphocytes. Third, lymphocytes incubated alone with NK cells for 24 h proliferated normally when DC were added. Additional experiments showed that DC became targets only after interaction with antigen. Thus, we suggest that NK cells may regulate lymphocyte proliferation by monitoring antigen presentation by DC. PMID- 3160807 TI - Influenza virus hemagglutinin-specific cytotoxic T cell response induced by polypeptide produced in Escherichia coli. AB - We have tested the abilities of various polypeptides of A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus, constructed by recombinant DNA techniques, to induce influenza virus-specific secondary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. A hybrid protein (c13 protein), consisting of the first 81 amino acids of viral nonstructural protein (NS1) and the HA2 subunit of viral hemagglutinin (HA), induced H-2-restricted, influenza virus subtype-specific secondary CTL in vitro, although other peptides did not. Using a recombinant virus, the viral determinant responsible for recognition was mapped to the HA2 portion of c13 protein. Immunization of mice with c13 protein induced the generation of memory CTL in vivo. The CTL precursor frequencies of A/PR/8/34 virus- and c13 protein-immune mice were estimated as one in 8,047 and 50,312, respectively. These results indicate that c13 protein primed recipient mice, even though the level of precursor frequency was below that observed in virus-immune mice. PMID- 3160808 TI - Stem cell deficiencies and thymic abnormalities in fetal mouse trisomy 16. AB - Mouse fetuses with trisomy 16 have severe abnormalities of several hematopoietic stem cell and precursor populations. The thymus is extremely hypoplastic, with a greater than or equal to 80% reduction in the number of thymocytes. This cellular deficiency appears to be the result of a deficiency in the number of precursor cells in the early thymus, since the rate of proliferation of thymocytes in explanted day-14 thymuses was normal. However, the functional maturation of thymocytes was delayed in vitro in day-17 organ explants, although the maximal response to the mitogenic and interleukin 2-stimulating effects of concanavalin A are quantitatively normal. B cells and pre-B cells in the fetal liver were moderately decreased, but the ability of fetal liver cells to be transformed by Abelson murine leukemia virus was nearly totally lost. There were also significant relative and absolute decreases in the number of spleen, culture, and erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-S, CFU-C, CFU-E) and of erythroid burst forming units (BFU-E) in the trisomic liver, and the trisomic animals were anemic with small spleens and livers. However, unlike other genetically caused anemias, there was no reduction in the number of germ cells. The hematopoietic abnormalities in the trisomy 16 mouse, involving the lymphoid, myeloid, and erythroid cell lineages, are much more generalized than the abnormalities in any of the other described genetically caused immunodeficiencies or anemias in the mouse. They are also more severe than those in human trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), for which mouse trisomy 16 is a genetic model, but there does exist an interesting parallel between the thymic abnormalities in the two species. PMID- 3160810 TI - Levels of association theory. AB - Three levels of association theory are distinguished: (a) empirical laws relating operationally definable units; (b) theoretical concepts of association, supported by converging lines of evidence; and (c) theories assimilating concepts of association into more elaborate structures. These levels correspond roughly to stages in the evolution of association theory from the mid-19th century to the present. Ebbinghaus's major contribution as a theorist was to accomplish the transition from the first level to the second. The analysis of serial learning in terms of his conception of multiple types of associations may prove to have greater generality than has yet been realized. However, to account for many phenomena of practical and theoretical interest, this model requires augmentation by a control concept that provides a basis for organization beyond serial linkages of units. PMID- 3160811 TI - Nonsense syllables: comprehending the "almost incomprehensible variation". AB - Ebbinghaus noted that there were great differences in nonsense syllables in ease of learning. Later investigators attempted to control for this variability but made little effort to account for the differences. An approach from the point of view of systematic linguistics suggests that a major source of variability can be found in the phonetic and orthographic "distance from English." A scale of phonetic distance and a scale of orthographic distance combined in multiple regression to predict association value and meaningfulness with R above +.80. Experimental tests suggest that subjects are highly sensitive to violations of the rules of syllable structure even when the syllables are very unlike English. It is suggested that nonsense syllables do equate for prior knowledge across subjects because all subjects are highly familiar with the phonetic and orthographic rules that contribute heavily to the meaningfulness of nonsense syllables. PMID- 3160809 TI - Fibronectin receptor of human macrophages recognizes the sequence Arg-Gly-Asp Ser. AB - When cultured human monocytes (MO) were spread on fibronectin (Fn)-coated surfaces, C3 receptors on the MO exhibited markedly enhanced capacity to promote phagocytosis. The activation of C3 receptors by Fn was mediated by a receptor that recognizes a sequence, Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS), present in the cell-binding domain of Fn. Soluble, RGDS-containing peptides inhibited the activation of C3 receptors caused by surface-bound Fn, and surface-bound, RGDS-containing peptides themselves caused activation of the C3 receptors of attached MO. Although soluble, RGDS-containing peptides bound to Fn receptors, such monovalent ligation was insufficient to activate C3 receptors. PMID- 3160812 TI - Ebbinghaus's contribution to the measurement of retention: savings during relearning. AB - The focus here is on Ebbinghaus's sole measure of retention: savings during relearning. The article is divided into four sections: (a) the historical perspective surrounding Ebbinghaus's use of savings and relearning (including a fundamental difference between Ebbinghaus's conception of memory and that of his contemporaries such as William James), (b) potential problems with savings as a measure of retention, (c) recent findings based on savings and relearning, and (d) applications of savings and relearning. PMID- 3160813 TI - Implicit and explicit memory for new associations in normal and amnesic subjects. AB - Two experiments examined whether repetition priming effects on a word completion task are influenced by new associations between unrelated word pairs that were established during a single study trial. On the word completion task, subjects were presented with the initial three letters of the response words from the study list pairs and they completed these fragments with the first words that came to mind. The fragments were shown either with the paired words from the study list (same context) or with other words (different context). Both experiments showed a larger priming effect in the same-context condition than in the different-context condition, but only with a study task that required elaborative processing of the word pairs. This effect was observed with college students and amnesic patients, suggesting that word completion performance is mediated by implicit memory for new associations that is independent of explicit recollection. PMID- 3160814 TI - Order-relevant and order-irrelevant decision rules in multiletter matching. AB - Two experiments examined order effects in multiletter matching. In each experiment, subjects used one of two decision rules that differed in whether pairs of letter strings that contained the same letters, but in different orders (rearranged pairs), were classified as same or different. Method of presentation also was varied, with the two strings in each pair being presented either simultaneously or successively in one experiment, and with the exposure duration of the second of two successively presented strings being either short or long in the other. Latency and accuracy of responding to the rearranged pairs varied as a function of the amount of positional displacement, with the two tasks showing similar, but mirror image, patterns. This outcome suggests that most of the order effects are attributable to processes common to both tasks, although there was some evidence for a contribution from task-specific processes as well. Both method-of-presentation manipulations had little influence on the order effects, suggesting that the effects are attributable to perceptual and decision processes, rather than to memory processes. The results are most consistent with a model that assumes position-sensitive comparisons, with the same-different decision based on pooled information. PMID- 3160815 TI - Decision making under uncertainty: a comparison of simple scalability, fixed sample, and sequential-sampling models. AB - The purpose of this article is to investigate the learning and memory processes involved in decision making under uncertainty. In two different experiments, subjects were given a choice between a certain alternative that produced a single known payoff and an uncertain alternative that produced a normal distribution of payoffs. Initially this distribution was unknown, and in the first experiment it was learned through feedback from past decisions, whereas in the second experiment it was learned by observing sample outcomes. In the first experiment, a response deadline was used to limit the amount of time available for making a decision. In the second experiment, an observation cost was used to limit the number of samples that could be purchased. The mean and variance of the uncertain alternative and the value of the certain alternative were factorially manipulated to study their joint effects on choice probability, choice response time (Experiment 1), and number of observations purchased (Experiment 2). Algebraic deterministic theories developed for decision making with simple gambles fail to explain the present results. Two new models are developed and tested--fixed- and sequential-sampling models--that attempt to describe the learning and memory processes involved in decision making under uncertainty. PMID- 3160816 TI - Encoding and retrieval processes in the memory for conceptually distinctive events. AB - Memory for conceptually isolated (distinctive) words was investigated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, recognition of distinctive targets was compared with recognition of targets from homogeneous lists and with recognition of background information. Distinctive targets were better recognized than the same words presented in homogeneous lists. No effects of distinctiveness on the recognition accuracy of background items were observed. These results fail to support the hypothesis that distinctive information receives extra resources during encoding at the expense of surrounding background information. In Experiment 2 the effects of distinctiveness on recall were evaluated. Distinctive targets were more likely to be recalled than targets from homogeneous lists. However, unlike the effects found in recognition, background items were more poorly recalled from lists containing distinctive targets than from homogeneous lists. Organizational processes in recall were also evaluated. There was greater subjective organization for target and background items from lists containing distinctive targets than from lists containing nondistinctive targets. These results were discussed in terms of encoding and retrieval explanations of the effects of distinctiveness. PMID- 3160817 TI - Some effects of color on naming and recognition of objects. AB - In this article, we investigated the role of color in the recognition and naming of everyday objects. In the first experiment we found that color pictures were named faster than black-and-white and that shape information did not facilitate color naming. Experiment 2 was carried out to determine at which stage of object processing the color facilitation occurred. We found that color had no effect on object recognition but did facilitate object naming, even when color was redundant for discrimination. This did not apply to naming abstract shapes. Experiment 3 replicated the findings of Experiment 2 using different objects and colors. The results showed that color could facilitate but not inhibit object naming and did not affect object recognition. PMID- 3160818 TI - Picture recognition improves with subsequent verbal information. AB - In three experiments, subjects studied photographs presented alone or followed by a descriptive sentence. The sentence provided additional information not available in the picture. Subsequent yes-no recognition tests for the pictures demonstrated better memory for those pictures that had been followed by descriptive sentences. Experiment 1 showed that described pictures were remembered better regardless of whether comparison was to undescribed pictures presented in immediate succession or to undescribed pictures followed by a blank period equal in duration to the descriptive sentence. Experiment 2 demonstrated that although both unrelated and related sentences aided picture recognition, related sentences were significantly more helpful. Experiment 3 revealed that increasing the amount of related information (low, medium, and high) had no differential effect on picture recognition. Three explanations of these results are considered: integration of the sentence with the picture, formation of a semantic representation in addition to the pictorial one, and elaboration of the pictorial representation initiated by the sentence. Taken together, the findings seem most consistent with the elaboration account--A post-picture sentence improves attention to and perhaps rehearsal of the representation of the picture following its display. PMID- 3160819 TI - Studies of platelet hyperactivity in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. III. Platelet hyperactivation in the chronic phase of cerebral thromboembolism. PMID- 3160820 TI - Purification and properties of extracellular glucosyltransferase synthesizing 1,3 alpha-D-glucan from Streptococcus mutans serotype a. AB - Extracellular 1,3-alpha-D-glucan synthase (sucrose: 1,3-alpha-D-glucan 3-alpha-D glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.-) of Streptococcus mutans HS6 (serotype a) was purified from culture supernatant by ultrafiltration, DEAE-Sepharose chromatography and preparative isoelectric focusing. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 158 000 by SDS-PAGE and an isoelectric point of pH 5.2. The specific activity of the enzyme was 48.3 i.u. (mg protein)-1. The Km for sucrose was 1.2 mM and the activity was optimal at pH 6.0. The enzyme activity was stimulated about 20-fold in the presence of dextran T10. Glucan was synthesized de novo from sucrose by the enzyme and characterized as a linear 1,3-alpha-D-glucan by GC-MS. PMID- 3160821 TI - Lysis of Escherichia coli by cloned phi X174 gene E depends on its expression. AB - The lysis gene E of bacteriophage phi X174 was cloned under transcriptional control of the lefthanded lambda promoter, giving rise to plasmid pSB12. Plasmid pSB22, identical to pSB12 except for an amber mutation in gene E, was constructed in the same way. Induction of the cloned wild-type gene by heat inactivation of the thermosensitive lambda cI857 repressor resulted in lysis of the host bacteria. With plasmid pSB22 only amber suppressor strains of Escherichia coli lysed after heat inactivation of lambda cI857. Lysis of E. coli was shown to depend on the rate of gene E translation and on the growth phase of the bacteria. Stationary cells could not be lysed by the gene E product (gpE), even if present in sufficient amounts to lyse growing cells. By isotopic labelling gpE could be detected among the proteins synthesized in normal E. coli as well as in minicells. Determination of gene E expression suggested that gpE synthesis is translationally regulated. PMID- 3160822 TI - [Apropos of the molecular biology of Huntington's chorea]. AB - The authors analyze some aspects of the two families published by Gusella and al. (linkage between H.D. gene and a RLPF) and underline the cases unable to be diagnosed because non-informative sibships. They emphasize the new ethics problems risen by the discovery of this linkage. PMID- 3160824 TI - [Apropos of a family with Huntington's chorea]. AB - The observed cases deal with six generations. The penetrance is there complete and the male diseases more frequent. The fifth generation shows infantile and youth disease that proceed from fatherly transmission during several generations. The anticipation is discussed, as well as possible genetic counselling and the psychological effects upon mothers. PMID- 3160823 TI - [Huntington's chorea. The Liege experience]. AB - The hereditary choreas are studied in Liege since twenty-five years. The records of psychiatric hospitals (ruled by the belgian law on confinement, 1850-1873), the archives of the "Etat-Civil" (since 1806) and the parochial registers (XVIIIth century) were tapped. From hundreds of choreic records, unquestionable or dubious, genealogical trees, sometimes stretching along nine generations were built up. About fifty pedigrees gather the patients of four Belgian provinces (out of nine). The oldest and undeniable document was written in 1793. With this wealth in hand, we are able to corroborate or invalidate diagnosis of Huntington's chorea put forward by today psychiatrists and neurologists. The diagnostic blunders were not uncommon and, sometimes, funny. The geneticist comes often too late, post mortem, through archives. When he intervenes in due time, his advice is usually not successful with young adults, uninstructed and in love. The frequency of the disease is estimated around 1 in 10.000 births. The disappearance of old pedigrees and the dawn of new ones can be predicted. Our followers will observe it and, perhaps, be able to measure the frequency of mutation. PMID- 3160825 TI - [What should we say to the child of a parent with Huntington's chorea?]. PMID- 3160826 TI - [Effect of metoclopramide in a subject at risk for Huntington's chorea]. AB - Because of vomiting, a 15 years old girl inserted one metoclopramide suppository. Her mother has Huntington's chorea. She had a transient choreiform syndrome. Could latent Huntington's chorea be revealed by this drug? PMID- 3160827 TI - [11th seminar of the European Club of Genetic Counseling. Lyon-Chambery, 13-15 September 1984. Huntington chorea and genetic counseling]. PMID- 3160828 TI - [Huntington's chorea and genetic counseling. Natural history of the disease]. AB - Editor introduction for the meeting theme. The lecturer briefly describes how the HD genes were brought from the Old World to the New World and resumes the data of the current research in histopathology and physiology. PMID- 3160829 TI - [Huntington's disease. Contribution of clinical and epidemiological data to genetic counseling]. AB - From a regional survey (northwestern part of France 3,9 millions population) and from recent publications, the authors described clinical and epidemiologic aspects useful for genetic counselling. Besides the chronic chorea, the other clinical features justified the denomination "Huntington's disease". Misdiagnosis is frequent especially if the familial disorder is unknown. A prevalence of 50 X 10(-6) corresponds to 2750 choreics and 14.000 at risk descendants in France. Interfamilial heterogeneity is described from mean age of death which is 54.2 for the whole study: one third of families of late onset, around fifty (mean age of death: 64.6), one third of early onset, around thirty (mean age of death: 44.6). The 17 juvenile and infantile cases of the survey belong to this last group. The influence of gene-transmitters sex is more obvious if two generations are taken in account with a preponderance of fathers and grand-fathers in the early onset group and, to a lesser degree, of mothers and grand-mothers in the late onset group. The authors criticize the preclinical detection tests and, from attitudes of families, underline the ethical problems for the future predictive tests by genetic markers. The role of lay organisations is all the more important. PMID- 3160830 TI - Immunological aspects of retinoids in humans. III. Effects of retinoic acid on the natural killing of tumor cells. AB - We investigated the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on natural killer (NK) cell activity and on the susceptibility of various tumor target cells to NK cell lysis. These studies were undertaken to assess the overall effects of RA treatment on the natural killing of tumor cells in humans. We also evaluated how RA affects the generation of NK-like activity in mixed leucocyte culture, to determine whether or not this compound can influence the regulation of natural cytotoxicity during the induction phase of NK cell development. Our results indicate that pharmacological levels of RA have little, if any, influence on the development, cytotoxic potential, or activity of NK cells in humans. In contrast, RA can significantly reduce the sensitivity of some tumor target cells to natural killing. This effect appears to be directly related to the differentiation promoting properties of RA, since reduced NK susceptibility was observed with target cells that were "differentiated" by RA treatment, but not with cells that were either unaffected by RA or were only growth inhibited without concomitant differentiation. These findings indicate that the immunomodulating properties of RA do not extend to human NK cell activity. However, a possible decreased susceptibility of tumor cells to natural killing should be a consideration when planning therapeutic applications of RA in certain cancers. PMID- 3160831 TI - Effects of interferon and radiation dose on the suppressive activity of human lymphocytes primed with allogeneic cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) primed in vitro with irradiated allogeneic PBL can suppress alloactivated proliferation of fresh autologous PBL in a primary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). Proliferation of fresh PBL was measured by tritiated thymidine uptake after 6 days of coculture with irradiated fresh allogeneic stimulator PBL; irradiated autologous primed PBL were added to assess suppression. These primed cells had been cultured for 6 to 10 days prior to their irradiation and addition to a primary MLC. Suppression in this assay by PBL primed for 6 days was inversely correlated with radiation dose. The addition of highly purified recombinant interferon-alpha (IFN) during the 6-day priming of these lymphocytes did not alter their suppressive ability, nor did it alter the radiation sensitivity of their suppression. In contrast, PBL primed for 10 days were highly suppressive even if irradiated before their addition to the assay. However, when PBL were primed for 10 days in the presence of IFN, their ability to suppress was again radiation sensitive. These data suggest that between days 6 and 10 of primary MLC, IFN inhibits either proliferation or differentiation of a lymphocyte population involved in the generation of radioresistant suppressive activity. PMID- 3160832 TI - Recombinant DNA-derived interferons-alpha and -beta modulate the alloactivated proliferative response of bulk and cloned human lymphocytes. AB - We studied the effect of cloned human interferons-alpha and -beta (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) upon human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated in primary mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). We herein demonstrate that three of these IFN preparations (IFN-alpha 76, -alpha 54, -beta ser), as well as naturally produced IFN-beta, can each affect MLC in opposing ways. When stimulator cells are limited, IFN-alpha and -beta are inhibitory. At higher stimulating cell concentrations, IFN augments the MLC response. This potentiation of the proliferative response is IFN dose-dependent and is not due to a shift in the kinetics of the proliferative response. When T cell clones were tested in the proliferative assay, IFN-alpha 76 was shown to have a direct antiproliferative effect. Both the potentiation and inhibition of primary bulk MLC responses could result from the direct antiproliferative effect of exogenous IFN. The potentiation of some proliferative responses by IFN in bulk culture may reflect a preferential inhibition of immunoregulatory (suppressor) cells. Moreover, these dichotomous effects of IFN on primary alloactivated cultures suggest that caution should be used when extrapolating from these in vitro results to potential in vivo effects. PMID- 3160833 TI - Direct evidence of hypertension and the possible role of post-menopause oestrogen deficiency in the pathogenesis of berry aneurysms. AB - To determine the significance of hypertension in the pathogenesis of berry aneurysms, 113 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and verified aneurysm and 63 patients with SAH without aneurysm were compared. Of those patients with angiographically verified aneurysms, 61.9% were found to have elevated blood pressure (greater than 160/95 mmHg) and 19.5% showed electrocardiographic signs of left ventricular hypertrophy (SV1 + RV5 (6) greater than 3.5 mV). The percentages for patients without aneurysm were 36.5% and 6.4% respectively. A significant correlation was found between anterior aneurysms and left ventricular hypertrophy (P less than 0.01). The mean Sokolow index values were also significantly elevated in cases of aneurysm (P less than 0.01). There was a complementary relationship between the extent of left ventricular hypertrophy and the percentage of females with regard to localization of an aneurysm and age group. The predominance of females in the total aneurysm population, in the 50- to 59-year-old age group, and among patients with internal carotid aneurysms indicates that a sex-specific hormonal factor may also play a role in the pathogenesis of aneurysms in addition to hypertension. The collagen wasting commonly observed in bone and skin in the post-menopausal period due to decreased oestrogen levels could possibly be responsible for the formation of aneurysms in the proximal segments of the cerebral arteries, as occurs in various connective tissue diseases. PMID- 3160834 TI - Immunopurification and characterization of a neuronal heparan sulfate proteoglycan. AB - We have identified a unique heparan sulfate (HeS) proteoglycan synthesized by the neuronal-like cell line PC12. The proteoglycan, purified with monoclonal antibodies from medium conditioned by PC12 cells, has an apparent molecular weight of 350,000, and it contains a Mr 80,000 core protein and HeS side chains of Mr 15,000 each. The purified molecule has the same apparent size and density as it has in conditioned medium. HeS proteoglycans that are indistinguishable antigenically but very difficult to solubilize are found on the external surface and in the interior of PC12 cells and neurons. Mild proteolysis converts the surface proteoglycan into a molecule closely resembling that found in the medium. The same surface antigens are also present on a subpopulation of T-cells and on a non-neuronal accessory cell found in dorsal root ganglion cultures. The PC12 cell line and the non-neuronal dorsal root ganglion cells secrete a factor into medium that, after adsorption to polylysine-coated surfaces, induces rapid neurite out growth by primary sympathetic neurons. The monoclonal antibodies used to purify the neuronal HeS proteoglycan from PC12 cells are capable of depleting this conditioned medium of its neurite-promoting activity. These studies suggest that a HeS proteoglycan synthesized and secreted by neurons and certain accessory cells plays a role in regulating neurite outgrowth. PMID- 3160835 TI - Effect of intrafusal muscle mechanics on mammalian muscle spindle sensitivity. AB - Sensitivity differences between primary and secondary endings of mammalian muscle spindles under various conditions of stretch and fusimotor activation may be due to differences in their respective mechanoelectric transducers or to mechanical properties of the intrafusal muscle supporting those endings. This study of isolated cat muscle spindles examines the strain in individual intrafusal muscle fibers resulting from stretch and fusimotor stimulation. The degree of local stretch occurring at the sensory endings under these conditions was measured. The results support the hypothesis that the sensitivities of primary and secondary endings are quite similar. They are directly related to the local stretch of the underlying muscle which may be altered by changes in muscle stress and stiffness. PMID- 3160836 TI - Effects of elimination of activity on contractile and histochemical properties of rat soleus muscle. AB - Morphological, contractile, and histochemical properties of rat soleus muscle were studied after 2 or 4 weeks of complete elimination of neuromuscular activity. Inactivity was induced by chronic perfusion of tetrodotoxin (TTX) to the sciatic nerve. Significant reductions in muscle mass and fiber size were found after 2 or 4 weeks of disuse. Correspondingly, the percentage of dark staining alkaline myosin ATPase fibers was increased from about 20% to 40% after 4 weeks of treatment. The capacity of soleus to generate tension when stimulated through the nerve was significantly impaired at frequencies greater than 20 Hz. Nevertheless, when the curarized muscle was stimulated directly, tension developed at frequencies above 20 Hz relative to peak tension was similar to control values. Absolute tetanic tension was significantly reduced after 2 or 4 weeks of treatment. These reductions could be only partly explained by muscle atrophy, resulting in specific tensions or approximately 55% of control after 2 or 4 weeks of treatment. Measures of the time course of the isometric twitch were found not to be reliable indicators of the contractile speed in TTX-treated soleus. Significant increases in the rate of tetanic tension development, expressed relative to peak tension, and the velocity of unloaded shortening, were seen after 4 weeks of disuse. These results reveal the extent to which virtually complete neuromuscular inactivity leads to chronic deficits in neuromuscular transmission and changes in both the net amount and quality of contractile proteins of rat soleus muscle. PMID- 3160837 TI - Trophic effects on the contractile and histochemical properties of rat soleus muscle. AB - Contractile and histochemical properties of rat soleus muscle were studied bilaterally after 2 or 4 weeks of denervation (DEN), which eliminates activity and non-activity-related influences, and chronic application of tetrodotoxin (TTX) to the motor nerve, which produces a completely inactive innervated muscle. After 2 or 4 weeks of disuse, the percentages of slow twitch oxidative fibers in both DEN- and TTX-treated soleus were reduced significantly and to similar extents. The dynamic contractile properties of TTX-treated and denervated muscles were similar to those of control muscle after 2 weeks, but by 4 weeks, parallel increases were seen in normalized rate of tension development and maximal shortening speed of these muscles. After either period of disuse, the atrophy of TTX-treated soleus was significantly less than that of denervated muscle. Atrophy was associated with correspondingly diminished capacity of denervated or TTX disused muscles to generate tension after 2 weeks. By 4 weeks of treatment, the reduction in tension of denervated soleus was greater than its diminished size. These results imply the existence of a non-activity-related stimulus in TTX inactivated muscles which slows the reductions in muscle mass and specific tension observed in denervated soleus muscle. In contrast, the similarities in dynamic speed-related properties and fiber type profiles between DEN- and TTX treated rat soleus may be explained simply by the absence of neuromuscular activity. PMID- 3160838 TI - Immunogenicity of subcutaneous hepatitis B vaccine in hemophiliacs. PMID- 3160839 TI - The distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human plaque. PMID- 3160840 TI - In vitro immunosuppression mediated by an extracellular polysaccharide from Capnocytophaga ochracea. Influence of macrophages. PMID- 3160841 TI - Simultaneous assessment of complement components C3, C4, and B and their cleavage products in human gingival fluid. I. Reliability of the method. PMID- 3160842 TI - Simultaneous assessment of complement components C3, C4, and B and their cleavage products in human gingival fluid. II. Longitudinal changes during periodontal therapy. PMID- 3160843 TI - Ultrastructural observation on Langerhans cells in the rat gingival epithelium. PMID- 3160844 TI - Isolation, identification, and quantitation of glycosaminoglycans synthesized by human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. PMID- 3160845 TI - Epithelial attachment at diseased human tooth-apex. PMID- 3160846 TI - Bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical uptake as an indicator of active alveolar bone loss in untreated and surgically treated teeth in beagle dogs. PMID- 3160847 TI - Effects of experimental diabetes mellitus on alveolar bone loss in periodontal disease-susceptible mice. PMID- 3160848 TI - Studies on saliva in ODU plaque-susceptible rats having experimental gingivitis. II. IgA in the saliva. PMID- 3160849 TI - The possibility of measuring plaque growth in vivo within 24 hours. PMID- 3160850 TI - On the physicochemistry of plaque calcification and the phase composition of dental calculus. PMID- 3160851 TI - Decreasing prejudice by increasing discrimination. AB - We conducted an experiment to assess the effects of mindfulness (active distinction making) training on the perception of and reaction to handicapped children. In a 2 X 2 factorial design, sixth graders received either a high- or low-mindfulness treatment and viewed slides that were either all of "normal" people or consisted primarily of "handicapped" individuals. The high-mindfulness treatment, especially when bolstered by explicit reference to the handicapped, revealed that teaching children to be more differentiated (i.e., more mindful) resulted in the view that handicaps are function specific and not people specific. Children in this group were less likely to inappropriately discriminate for or against the handicapped target. Most important, however, was the finding that subjects in this group were less likely to avoid a handicapped other. PMID- 3160853 TI - Composite resin porosity with hand and syringe insertion. PMID- 3160852 TI - Discharge in muscle spindle afferents related to direction of slow precision movements in man. AB - Single-unit activity was recorded with needle electrodes in eighteen muscle spindle afferents (eleven primaries, seven secondaries) from finger extensor muscles in the radial nerve of awake human subjects. The discharge rate of the afferents was determined during precisely controlled voluntary movements. The subjects performed a standardized visual ramp-and-hold tracking task, which included very slow finger extension and flexion movements (2.5 deg/s) with an amplitude of 20 deg. Throughout the tracking task a constant torque load of small or intermediate size, i.e. less than 30% of maximum voluntary contraction force, opposed finger extension. Altogether, 131 trials were studied. For most units the discharge rate was lower during shortening compared with active position holding, and it was higher during lengthening contractions. Thus, the majority of units responded to phasic stretch during the active movements, although the size of the movement response varied considerably between units and was never large. A few units even exhibited a reversed stretch response pattern. Hence, when estimated from pooled data, movement responses of the unit sample as a whole were small, around 1 impulse/s. The over-all response pattern of an individual afferent during the tracking task was very similar between successive tests. Although the discharge rate of most units increased with the load during movements as well as during position holding, the presence as well as the magnitude of movement responses depended only little on the size of the load. However, a few afferents exhibited a stretch response pattern with small loads and a reversed stretch response pattern with larger loads. In spite of the predominant increase of afferent firing during muscle lengthening there was no systematic modulation of the discharge rate in relation to the joint angle during the active movements, either in the primary or in the secondary afferents. The present findings suggest that human muscle spindles provide information about the occurrence as well as the direction of slow isotonic movements at low velocities in a precision motor task. This is in contrast to the lack of accurate position response which has previously been demonstrated. PMID- 3160854 TI - [Developmental spondylolysis]. AB - Spondylolysis is generally regarded as a stress-fracture acquired early in life by predisposed persons. However, the early stages of spondylolysis are seldom recorded in clinical practice. This can be explained by the fact that the delayed roentgenological detection of early stress lesions of bone in general, is aggravated by technical difficulties encountered at the level of the low lumbar spine. Consequently, healing of spondylolysis is extremely scarce in the experience of most clinicians who essentially observe old and usually inactive pars separations. Therefore, two radiological patterns of developing spondylolysis are stressed: 1: an isolated stress sclerosis of both pedicle and pars, reflecting the overload of the corresponding posterior elements and 2: partial cracks of the isthmus starting at its antero-inferior cortex, near the pedicle. Such developing defects were observed in 20 patients: in 5 cases of primary spondylolysis, as an isolated finding, and in 15 other cases during formation of a pars defect at the opposite side of a primary unilateral spondylolysis. Bilateralization of primary unilateral defects is indeed a common sequence of events. In addition, healing of bilateral defects of L4 or L5 was observed in 7 adolescent patients: 5 boys and 2 girls aged 8 to 16 (mean 12.5). The corresponding defects were invariably of recent origin. Therefore, in case of low back pain in adolescent patients engaged in athletic activities, it should be remembered that routine roentgenograms showing an apparently normal pars do not completely rule out a developing defect. In such cases, a repeated X-ray study with close scrutiny of the pars could then reveal an early spondylolysis which is still apt to heal. PMID- 3160855 TI - Prevalence of disability observed in an Oxfordshire practice. AB - A register was compiled of disabled patients in an Oxfordshire practice; patients were considered to be disabled when an impairment appreciably affected their day to-day life. The rates of disability rose with age. Three-quarters of the disabled patients had one disability, 21% two and 5% three or more disabilities. The most common source of disability was disorders of the nervous system followed by circulatory and musculoskeletal conditions. More than two-thirds of the disabilities were capable of amelioration and 4% could be completely resolved. Most patients had come to terms with their disability, only 8% finding adjustment difficult. PMID- 3160857 TI - Rhinophyma. PMID- 3160856 TI - Lupus nephritis: more answers needed. PMID- 3160858 TI - Hydrallantois in a bovine leading to rupture of the prepubic tendon and abdominal musculature. PMID- 3160859 TI - Bacteriophage typing of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from Bloemfontein dairy herds. AB - Bacteriophage typing was performed on 88 coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated during a survey of subclinical mastitis in Bloemfontein dairy herds. Phage typing was performed using two basic international phage typing sets, i.e. the human isolate phage set (HPS) and the bovine isolate phage set (BPS). The results clearly indicated that the BPS could be successfully applied for the phage typing of bovine mastitis S. aureus strains. The majority of the strains was typed as BPS phage group IV (78,4%) and HPS group III (47,7%). The high prevalence of BPS group IV strains is in agreement with other studies. The prevalence of non-typable strains was 3,4% for BPS and 28,4% for HPS. Phages 102, 117, 107, 81, 47, and 6 had high lytic activity. BPS group IV patterns (102/107/117 and 102/117) dominated. The incidence of unique phage patterns was 12,5% for BPS and 26,0% for HPS. A relatively high proportion (71,3%) of the strains was typable with the HPS. As these strains were of possible human origin it indicated the possibility of mutual human-animal transfer of the pathogens. No relationship could be found between phage groups on the one hand and multiple antibiotic resistance on the other, and no phage groups dominated within herds. PMID- 3160860 TI - The legal aspects of medical school admissions and dismissals. AB - Implementation of the recommendations made in 1982 by the Council on Medical Education of the American Medical Association which emphasize the importance of evaluating noncognitive abilities in both admission to and dismissal from medical school will become a source of litigation unless adequate guarantees of due process are afforded the medical school applicant and student. In this article, the authors review the law as it applies to medical school admissions and dismissals and offer recommendations intended to reduce the potential liability of medical schools using noncognitive evaluations. PMID- 3160861 TI - The pathological and ecological significance of microorganisms colonizing acne vulgaris comedones. AB - A microbiological survey has been undertaken of comedones isolated by micro dissection from skin biopsies. Of closed comedones 10.7% and of open comedones 7.1% did not contain Pityrosporum spp., Propionibacterium spp. or Staphylococcus spp., the organisms most frequently associated with the pathogenesis of acne. Mature comedones were more frequently colonised than were young comedones. These results support the argument that the presence of microorganisms is not a prerequisite for comedo formation. Other pathological and ecological implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 3160862 TI - The role of peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes in mitogen responses during human pregnancy. AB - Studies on the role of T and B lymphocytes of pregnant and post-partum women were performed in a pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated culture system. The responses were assessed by immunofluorescent staining for intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins and solid-phase radioimmunoassay for Ig secretion into culture supernatants. As compared with non-pregnant control subjects, a slight decrease of helper T cell function and accelerated suppressor activity of T cells in pregnant and post partum women in B cell differentiation promoted by PWM were demonstrated. Conversely, B lymphocytes in pregnant and post-partum women were hyperreactive in the presence of T lymphocytes from non-pregnant control subjects in the mitogen stimulated culture system. PMID- 3160863 TI - Decreased suppressor cell activity after surgery. AB - The effect of surgery on suppressor cell (SC) activity assessed in a ConA assay and concentration of OKT8+ cells in peripheral blood were studied in 16 patients with stage 0 cancer of uterus. An evident decrease in the number of freshly obtained OKT8+ and cultured for 20 hr with ConA OKT8+ cells and subsequently a drop in whole blood suppressor activity were found in the immediate postoperative period. The recovery of SC activity but not of OKT8+ cell level was observed on day 5. A nonsignificant decrease in E-RFC suppressor activity compared with that of whole blood SC suggests that function of T-suppressors has not been affected. The non-T cells did not produce any suppressive effect. These results indicate that the postoperative drop in the blood SC activity is due to the temporary depletion and not to the depressed function of SC. PMID- 3160864 TI - Adenylate cyclase activity during development and reversal of cardiac hypertrophy. AB - Inotropic responses to isoproterenol of hypertrophied hearts have been shown to be decreased. We have previously reported that in 13-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) this decrease is probably due to decreased beta adrenergic receptor number, while in hearts from two kidney-one clip renal hypertensive rats (2K-1C RHR), this is due to a decreased nucleotide regulatory protein activity. We now show that changes in 2K-1C RHR are time dependent. One week after instituting development of hypertension the heart is already hypertrophied. Biochemical changes consistent with decreased glucagon receptors are seen, as well as beginning changes consistent with decreases in the nucleotide regulatory protein activity. By two weeks this is more evident. Hypertrophy and biochemical changes can be reversed up to six weeks, but by ten weeks the activity of the catalytic subunit of the adenylate cyclase system is decreased. In 1K-1C RHR, biochemical changes in the cyclase system are accelerated as compared with the 2K-1C model. In SHR, changes in 24-week-old rats are the same as in the 13-week-old rats. It is concluded that in cardiac hypertrophy associated with different models of hypertension the decreased inotropic responsiveness to isoproterenol is associated with different biochemical defects in the beta-adrenergic receptor response coupling pathway, and that reversal in function occurs only when there is no apparent change in the catalytic subunit of the adenylate cyclase complex. PMID- 3160865 TI - Effects of strenuous exercise on the quantitative morphology of left ventricular myocardium in the rat. AB - The adaptation of the structural components in the myocardium of the left ventricle to strenuous exercise was studied morphometrically in rats following a treadmill running program. The response of the left ventricle was evaluated separately in the interventricular septum and in the left ventricular free wall. Exercise produced a 24% growth of the septum without altering free wall volume. The hypertrophic expansion of the septum was characterized by a decrease in the volume fraction of capillary lumen in the myocardium (-20%), a reduction in the capillary luminal surface per unit volume of myocytes (-17%) and by an increase in the maximum distance from the capillary wall to the mitochondria of myocytes (9%). Although none of these changes were demonstrable on a statistical basis in the left ventricular free wall, similar results were obtained in the whole left ventricle by combining the data from the septum and free wall. Since the septum constitutes a functional unit with the free wall, it was concluded that the effect of excessive physical activity on the capillary parameters responsible for oxygen availability and diffusion could lead to a local reduction in the oxygenation potential of ventricular myocardium. PMID- 3160867 TI - Relationship between low back pain and life-stressing events among Nigerian patients. AB - A total of 142 patients suffering from back pain were tested with four instrument questionnaires to determine relationships between pain, life-stressing events, anxiety, depression and hostility. Life-stressing events were found to be correlated with pain factors with sensory attributes, with emphasis on pressure and heat. Anxiety was also correlated with life-stressing events. Pain intensity was not correlated to life-stressing events. PMID- 3160866 TI - Binding and internalization of lysosomal enzymes by primary cultures of rat glia. AB - Highly purified cultures of rat astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were examined for their ability to bind and internalize lysosomal enzymes. Astrocytes displayed a saturable uptake of beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase. The uptake was specifically inhibited by mannose-6-phosphate but not by several other sugars or sugar phosphates, indicating that the process was mediated by mannose-6-phosphate receptors. When cells were allowed to take up 125I-beta-glucosidase for 1 hr at 37 degrees C and subcellular organelles were isolated, the enzyme was shown to comigrate with a lysosomal organelle marker enzyme, suggesting that the enzyme was targeted to lysosomes. Astrocyte receptors were probed directly by binding of 125I labeled beta-glucosidase to astrocyte membranes at 4 degrees C. Binding was saturable and competitively inhibited by mannose-6-phosphate. In contrast to the astrocytes, cultured oligodendrocytes showed no specific binding or uptake of the lysosomal enzymes. Immunocytochemical staining of mixed glial cultures supported the biochemical data; only the astrocytes stained positive with anti-mannose-6 phosphate receptor antibodies. PMID- 3160868 TI - Treatment of rosacea with tetracycline and metronidazole--a comparative study. PMID- 3160870 TI - [Case of adrenal metastases from suspected lung cancer revealed by 99mTc-MDP]. PMID- 3160869 TI - [Clinical investigation of oral high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in advanced breast cancer--double-blind controlled study: Japanese Group for MPA Treatment of Breast Cancer]. AB - A randomized controlled trial was made to compare the therapeutic result of oral high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (HD-MPA) versus mepitiostane (MS) in the treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer. MPA (1200 mg) was given p.o., b.i.d. to 47 patients and produced objective response in 19 of them (40.4%). Objective response was seen in 14 of the 40 control patients given MS p.o., b.i.d. (35.0%). Among patients with bone metastases, 6/19 (31.6%) for HD-MPA and 2/23 (15.4%) for MS showed objective response. The other merits of HD-MPA suggested in the study were improvement in performance status, anabolic effect and myeloprotective effect. PMID- 3160871 TI - [Ossified metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 3160873 TI - [An ultrastructural study of tetradecane-induced comedones in rabbit ear skin]. PMID- 3160872 TI - [Studies on a staphylococcal phage type and coagulase type isolated from infectious skin lesions]. PMID- 3160874 TI - The presence of N-acetyllactosamine and lactose: beta (1-3)N acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity in human urine. AB - Normal human urine was found to contain beta (1-3)N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase catalyzing the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-GlcNAc to N acetyllactosamine and lactose. Lacto-N-tetraose which carries the terminal Gal beta (1-3)GlcNAc structure was a poor acceptor. The product of the transferase reaction with N-acetyllactosamine as acceptor was identified by methylation analysis as GlcNAc beta (1-3)Gal beta (1-4)GlcNAc. The beta-linkage of the GlcNAc in the synthesized trisaccharide was confirmed by the action of the specific beta N-acetylhexosaminidase. The enzyme requires Mn2+ ions for its activity, shows a broad pH optimum from 7 to 9, and appears to have a molecular weight of about 200,000 as estimated by Sephadex gel filtration. PMID- 3160875 TI - [Classification of bone scintigrams in hemodialysis patients]. PMID- 3160876 TI - Significance of autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction-activated immune circuits for maintaining normal immune system homeostasis in humans. PMID- 3160877 TI - Genetic control of immune response in humans and it's clinical significance. PMID- 3160878 TI - Host defense mechanisms against cancer. PMID- 3160879 TI - [A case of obstruction of the hepatic inferior vena cava treated by angioplasty under ultrasonography]. PMID- 3160880 TI - [Use of a cardiologic consultation and diagnostic service in medical first aid and at a therapy center]. AB - The effectiveness of remote-control cardiologic consultative-diagnostic service assisting an ambulance team and a local physician has been reviewed. This service is shown to contribute to a considerable improvement in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular patients. PMID- 3160881 TI - [Sudden prehospital death from acute coronary insufficiency and myocardial infarct (based on data from the Acute Myocardial Infarct Registry in Vologda)]. PMID- 3160882 TI - Effect of parathyroid hormone on myocardial energy metabolism in the rat. AB - This study examined the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on myocardial energy production, transfer, and utilization. Rats (150 to 200 g) were injected with 1 84 PTH, 200 U/day i.p., or 1-34 PTH, 200 or 300 U/day i.p., for 4 days. Control animals received the vehicle only. The effect of the simultaneous administration of calcium channel blocker, verapamil, was also examined. Myocardial contents of Pi, ATP, and CP were significantly (P less than 0.01) lower in the 1-84 PTH treated rats than in control animals. Both 1-84 PTH and 1-34 significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption without altering ADP:O ratio indicating reduced phosphorylation. 1-84 and 1-34 PTH significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced the activities of mitochondrial and myofibrillar creatine phosphokinase and 1-84 PTH inhibited (P less than 0.01) the activities of mitochondrial Mg ATPase and those of myofibrillar Ca ATPase. There were significant (P less than 0.01) increments in myocardial 45Ca and in total calcium content in 1-84 PTH-treated rats. Verapamil abolished all the effects of 1-84 PTH. Similarly, inactivation of 1-84 PTH abolished its effects. Treatment with 1 84 PTH for 10 days was associated with a significant decrease in cardiac index and mean arterial pressure. Our data demonstrate that both 1-84 and 1-34 PTH impair energy production, transfer, and utilization. These biochemical derangements, if maintained, produce a decrease in cardiac index. It appears that the enhanced entry and the accumulation of calcium in the myocardium, either directly and/or indirectly, are responsible for the action of PTH on energy metabolism of the heart. PMID- 3160883 TI - Renovascular hypertension. PMID- 3160884 TI - [Giant desmoid of the anterior abdominal wall]. PMID- 3160885 TI - [Nonpenetrating gunshot wound of the abdominal wall with multiple injuries to the intestines and mesentery]. PMID- 3160886 TI - [Prevention and surgical treatment of septic complications of surgical wounds of the abdominal wall]. PMID- 3160887 TI - [Guinea worm and the decade]. PMID- 3160888 TI - The electrocardiogram of normal ferrets and ferrets with right ventricular hypertrophy. AB - Sixty-eight electrocardiograms were recorded on ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). These represent 29 normal weanling males, 19 normal adult males and 20 adult males with right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). Analyses of rate, rhythm, axis and total voltage were used to define the normal electrocardiogram (ECG) and to identify changes seen in RVH. The normal ferret has a heart rate of about 300 beats per minute and a mean electrical axis of + 86 degrees +/- 6.6 (SD). A 56% increase in right ventricular weight to body weight ratio was not associated with right axis deviation. The overall voltage produced on the ECG was increased in the group with RVH as compared to the normal group (p less than 0.030). PMID- 3160889 TI - Motor impairment differences in orofacial and respiratory speech control with cerebellar disorders. PMID- 3160890 TI - Enzymatic androgen assay: some properties of human placental microsomal aromatase. AB - The androgen content of biological fluids can be determined after their conversion into estrogens using human placental microsomal aromatase (HPMA). The purpose of this paper is to report some physico-chemical properties of HPMA. Using an accurate, specific and sensitive assay for HPMA, Km values for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione and testosterone were found to increase with increasing amount of the detergent (Triton X-100) added. Analysis at substrate concentrations 5-10 times above and below the Km values did not indicate any anomalous kinetic behaviour. Triton X-100, used for enzyme solubilization, significantly decreased the rate of aromatization of the three substrates by increasing their Km values. This effect was more important for testosterone than for androstenedione or DHEA. Using a new protocol for the determination of aromatase activity, kinetic properties of aromatase before and after solubilization are described. PMID- 3160891 TI - Androgen interactions with intact nuclear envelopes from the rat ventral prostate. AB - Intact nuclear envelopes containing nuclear pore complexes have been prepared from the rat ventral prostate. The polypeptide profile of the nuclear envelopes from the rat prostate resembled that of nuclear envelopes prepared from the male rat liver. Isolation of the nuclear envelopes after incubation of purified nuclei with radioactive dihydrotestosterone results in labelling of the membrane. More dihydrotestosterone is bound after incubations at 22 degrees C for 18 h than at 2 degrees C for 18 h or 22 degrees C for 2 h. Scatchard analysis revealed a class of binding sites with an apparent Kd of 46 nM. Dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, cyproterone acetate and methyltrienolone were effective as competitors of labelled dihydrotestosterone binding to the nuclear envelopes, while estradiol did not compete. Castration of the rats 24, 48 and 96 h prior to preparation of nuclei resulted in loss of androgen binding to the membranes. Extraction with 0.6 M NaCl resulted in the loss of 72% of the androgen binding. PMID- 3160892 TI - Response of serum testosterone and its precursor steroids, SHBG and CBG to anabolic steroid and testosterone self-administration in man. AB - The influence of high doses of testosterone and anabolic steroids on testicular endocrine function and on circulating steroid binding proteins, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and cortisol binding globulin (CBG), were investigated in power athletes for 26 weeks of steroid self-administration and for the following 16 weeks after drug withdrawal. Serum testosterone and androstenedione concentrations increased (P less than 0.05) but pregnenolone, 17 hydroxypregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations strongly decreased (P less than 0.001) during steroid administration. Serum pregnenolone, 17 hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate concentrations followed the changes of the corresponding unconjugated steroids but 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol and testosterone sulphate concentrations remained unchanged during the follow-up time. During drug administration SHBG concentrations decreased by about 80 to 90% and remained low even for the 16 weeks following steroid withdrawal. Steroid administration had no influence on serum CBG concentrations. In conclusion, self-administration of testosterone and anabolic steroids soon led to impairment of testicular endocrine function which was characterized by low concentrations of testosterone precursors, high ratios of testosterone to its precursor steroids and low SHBG concentrations. Decreased concentrations of SHBG and testicular steroids were still partly evident during the 16 weeks after drug withdrawal. The depressed circulating levels of dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulphate may indicate that the androgenic-anabolic steroids also suppress adrenal androgen production. PMID- 3160893 TI - Effect of aldosterone antagonists on aldosterone-induced activation of Mg2+ -HCO3 -ATPase and carbonic anhydrase in rat intestinal mucosa. AB - In previous studies, Mg2+ -dependent, HCO3- -activated ATPase in the brush border and carbonic anhydrase in the cytoplasm of rat duodenal and jejunal mucosa decreased after adrenalectomy. Both enzyme activities increased to near normal levels 4 h after i.p. injection of aldosterone (40 micrograms/kg). These results suggest the possibility that both enzymes in the small intestinal mucosa may be mediators of the action of aldosterone. In the present studies, therefore, the effects of actinomycin D (500 micrograms/kg, i.p.), spironolactone (50 mg/kg, s.c.) and potassium canrenoate (50 mg/kg, s.c.) on aldosterone-induced activation of both enzymes in the upper small intestinal mucosa from adrenalectomized rats were examined to clarify the mechanism of action of aldosterone in enzyme levels. Actinomycin D inhibited carbonic anhydrase activity in small intestinal mucosa from normal rats 4 h after i.p. injection but had no effect on ATPase activity, while two other drugs had no effect on either enzyme activity in normal rats up to 4 h later. Pretreatment with these 3 drugs 1 h before aldosterone administration (40 micrograms/kg, i.p.) to adrenalectomized rats blocked the aldosterone-induced activation of ATPase and carbonic anhydrase in the upper small intestine. On the other hand, adrenalectomy and administration of aldosterone and its antagonists, alone or in combination, had no effect on kidney enzyme activities. These results confirm that Mg2+ -HCO3- -ATPase and carbonic anhydrase are mediators of the action of aldosterone in the upper small intestinal mucosa. PMID- 3160895 TI - Myocardial revascularization after failure of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - From 1980 to 1983, 299 procedures for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty were performed in 265 patients. The procedure failed in 88 patients, 72 of whom underwent myocardial revascularization within 1 week following the angioplasty attempt. Operation on an emergency basis was required in 35 patients because of a major complication during or after coronary artery dilatation, whereas the remaining 37 patients underwent elective operation following failure without complication. Coronary occlusion occurred in 23 patients, coronary dissection without occlusion in four, perforation of the coronary artery in one patient, and no visible angiographic changes accounted for the severe myocardial ischemia in the remaining 7 patients. Signs of acute myocardial infarction were present preoperatively in 13 of the 35 patients (37.1%) who underwent emergent operation. Among the factors analyzed, only the absence of collateral circulation and the extent of coronary disease were directly related to the development of complications with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. There were no early or late deaths in this series. Postoperative complications occurred in seven patients (20%) of the group undergoing emergency operation and in none of the group having elective operation. New postoperative myocardial infarction developed in three patients (8.6%). In six of the 13 patients with preoperative evidence of necrosis, the electrocardiogram returned to normal without other signs of acute infarction after the operation, whereas myocardial infarction was complete in the remaining seven patients. Thus, patients who have complications from percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty should undergo immediate operation; for those in whom the procedure fails without complication, surgical treatment can be postponed and performed electively later on if indicated by the clinical incapacity of the patient. PMID- 3160894 TI - Right ventricular isolation procedures for nonischemic ventricular tachycardia. AB - Nonischemic ventricular tachycardia most commonly arises in the right ventricular free wall and is frequently refractory to medical therapy. Many different types of surgical procedures have been employed to treat medically refractory nonischemic ventricular tachycardia arising in the right ventricle, but the results of these procedures have been less than optimal. The majority of these surgical procedures have been directed toward ablation of the site (or sites) of origin of the tachyarrhythmia and have failed because of the frequent occurrence of multifocal or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in these patients. We first employed localized surgical isolation procedures to control nonischemic ventricular tachycardia arising in the right ventricular free wall in 1979. These localized procedures evolved into the development of a technique for isolating the entire right ventricular free wall from the remainder of the heart to control ventricular tachyarrhythmias arising from multiple sites in the right ventricle. Case histories are reported of two patients who underwent localized isolation procedures in 1979 as well as two patients who underwent total disconnection of the right ventricle in 1982. The follow-up period in these four patients ranges from 2 to 5 years and the control of their tachyarrhythmias has been uniformly successful. However, surgical isolation of the entire right ventricular free wall has resulted in progressive dilatation of the right ventricle as documented by serial echocardiography. The pathophysiology of the progressive right ventricular dilatation postoperatively is discussed in terms of etiology and prevention, and the indications for application of localized and total isolation procedures for nonischemic right ventricular tachycardia are outlined. PMID- 3160896 TI - [Nursing study in Denmark (5). Visits to 2 facilities for the aged and a home for handicapped children]. PMID- 3160897 TI - Impairment of T immunoregulatory activities in the induction of antibody specific response in aged humans. AB - T helper (Th) and T suppressor (Ts) functions on the induction of specific antibody response have been studied in 80 aged individuals by means of a plaque forming cell assay. Of the subjects 45.2% exhibited a reduction of Ts activity on Ig production by adding Concanavalin A (Con A) to cultures on day 0, while 35.7% of aged donors showed a decrease of Th functions by supplementation of Con A on day 2. A small number of individuals displayed a combined deficit (Th + Ts). Furthermore, these defects seem to be related to soluble suppressive factors which might adhere to cell surface. In fact, preincubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before their addition to cultures and resuspension in fresh medium normalized the immunoregulatory defects. On the other hand, overnight supernatants from old PBMC transferred to young PBMC cultures induced the same deficit observed in the aged cell suspensions. Finally, Zinc chloride supplementation to cultures was able to correct the deficient Th activity only. These data suggest an additional defect of immunoregulation in the elderly. PMID- 3160898 TI - [Common-variable hypogammaglobulinemia with reactive amyloidosis. A case with a deficiency of T4+ cells]. PMID- 3160899 TI - [Auranofin and aurothiomalate sodium: a comparative review (and II) Efficacy, tolerance and safety]. PMID- 3160900 TI - [Nifedipine, captopril and labetalol--overviews on the pattern of adverse effects]. PMID- 3160901 TI - [Problems in closing the abdominal wall--which is the most effective procedure?]. PMID- 3160903 TI - Serotonin in body fluids: characterization of human plasmatic and cerebrospinal fluid pools by means of a new HPLC method. AB - A new HPLC technique for the analysis of picomolar amounts of serotonin (5HT) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is described. Bufotenin is used as internal standard. Detection is achieved electrochemically or fluorimetrically. The detection limit can be estimated as 50 pg 5HT/mL of either fluid (0.3 picomolar). The method is used to characterize a non-particulate pool of 5HT which is clearly distinct of the platelet pool. Administration of parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) 300 mg/kg to rats leads to a 90% reduction in the plasmatic pool whereas platelet 5HT is only slightly decreased (3rd day after PCPA) or even increased (7th day after PCPA). Human concentration (n = 15) of 5HT in plasma is 2.6 +/- 0.9 ng/mL (X +/- S.D.). The application of the method to CSF of neurological patients reveals 5HT concentrations ranging from 93 to 962 pg/mL. PMID- 3160902 TI - [Heterogeneity of surface characteristics of lymphoid cells altered by malignancy]. PMID- 3160904 TI - Decreased sodium-potassium pump activity in isolated hypertrophied feline ventricular myocytes. AB - The activity of the Na-K pump was assessed in normal and hypertrophied isolated feline myocytes by measuring ouabain-sensitive 42-K uptake. Right ventricular hypertrophy was produced in feline myocardium by placing a constricting band around the pulmonary artery of adult cats. High yields of calcium tolerant myocytes were isolated from the right and left ventricle of banded and sham operated animals. Intracellular sodium (Na) and potassium (K) concentrations (mM) were not significantly different (P greater than 0.5) in normal (Na: 13.2; K: 133.4) and hypertrophied (Na: 12.3; K: 127.5) myocytes. Morphometric analysis demonstrated a 26% increase in width and a 42% increase in volume of hypertrophied myocytes, however, the sarcomere length (1.9 mu) was not different in both cell types. The rate constant (k, min-1) describing 42-K uptake and the calculated total K influx (I, pmol/cm2/sec) were not significantly different (P greater than 0.5) in normal (k = 0.059; I = 15.9) and hypertrophied (k = 0.062; I = 15.3) cells. Ouabain-sensitive (active) K influx, a measure of Na-K pump activity, was maximally inhibited at 10(-4)M ouabain in both cell types. At this concentration, ouabain-sensitive K uptake was decreased 23.5% in hypertrophied myocytes compared to control. The decrease in active K influx may be due to a decrease in the activity of the Na-K ATPase and/or to a reduction in the passive movement of sodium and potassium down their electrochemical gradients. PMID- 3160906 TI - [Card file for the registration of tetanus inoculations]. PMID- 3160905 TI - In vivo binding of 125I-LSD to serotonin 5-HT2 receptors in mouse brain. AB - The binding of 125I-LSD (2-[125I]-lysergic acid diethylamide) was studied in various mouse brain regions following intravenous injection of the radioligand. The high specific activity of 125I-LSD enabled the injection of low mass doses (14 ng/kg), which are well below the threshold for induction of any known physiological effect of the probe. The highest levels of 125I-LSD binding were found in the frontal cortex, olfactory tubercles, extra-frontal cortex and striatum while the lowest level was found in the cerebellum. Binding was saturable in the frontal cortex but increased linearly in the cerebellum with increasing doses of 125I-LSD. Serotonergic compounds potently inhibited 125I-LSD binding in cortical regions, olfactory tubercles, and hypothalamus but had no effect in the cerebellum. Dopaminergic compounds caused partial inhibition of binding in the striatum while adrenergic compounds were inactive. From these studies we conclude that 125I-LSD labels serotonin 5-HT2 receptor sites in cortical regions with no indication that other receptor sites are labeled. In the olfactory tubercles and hypothalamus, 125I-LSD labeling occurs predominantly or entirely at serotonin 5-HT2 sites. In the striatum, 125I-LSD labels approximately equal proportions of serotonergic and dopaminergic sites. This data indicates that 125I-LSD labels serotonin receptors in vivo and suggests that appropriate derivatives of 2I-LSD may prove useful for tomographic imaging of serotonin 5-HT2 receptors in the mammalian cortex. PMID- 3160907 TI - [Psychological problems in Huntington chorea]. PMID- 3160908 TI - Metabolic characteristics of skeletal muscle during detraining from competitive swimming. AB - After 5 months of intense training, eight male swimmers were studied during 4 wk of inactivity. Biopsy specimens from the deltoid muscle revealed that its respiratory capacity (QO2) decreased by 50% (5174 to 2559 microliter X h-1 X g-1) after 1 wk of inactivity. Subsequent weeks of detraining did not change the QO2. Although the trained swimmers' muscle phosphofructokinase and phosphorylase activities were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than those from a group (N = 8) of untrained men, 4 wk of detraining had no effect on these enzyme activities. Mean (+/-SE) resting muscle glycogen concentrations were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) for the trained swimmers (153 +/- 3 mmol X kg-1) than for the untrained men (85 +/- 7.5 mmol X kg-1). Over the 4 wk of inactivity, the swimmers' muscle glycogen progressively decreased from 153 (+/- 3) to 93 (+/-7) mmol X kg-1. After a standard 183-m swim at 90% of the swimmer's best time for that distance, blood lactate rose from a mean of 4.2 (+/-0.8) at week 0 to 9.7 (+/-0.8) mmol X 1(-1) at week 4. These observations demonstrate dramatic changes in the metabolic characteristics of the swimmer's muscle with a 1-4-wk interruption in training. PMID- 3160909 TI - A hemodynamic evaluation of cuffed microarteriorrhaphy. AB - A cuffing technique and a standard interrupted suturing technique of microarteriorrhaphy were compared in the rat femoral artery. The comparison was based on hemodynamic variables, which were measured by 20-MHz pulsed ultrasound Doppler velocity meter (PUDVM) method. The hemodynamic variables included measured blood velocity and vessel lumen diameters, and calculated volumetric flows. Measurements were completed at 5-, 10-, and 20-minute intervals after vessel repair. Data from 26 experimental animals were suitable for analysis, with 15 animals in the standard repair group and 11 animals in the cuffed group. All variables were statistically similar prior to the surgical procedure, indicating that the study groups were appropriate for comparison. The measured lumen diameters were not statistically different at any time interval (P = .06). However, the velocities and the volumetric flow were statistically different (P less than .05) between groups at all time intervals. These values returned toward normal preoperative values over time. The cuffing technique used in this study was not as efficacious as the standard technique of microarteriorrhaphy, when evaluated by 20-MHz PUDVM-derived hemodynamic criteria. PMID- 3160910 TI - Microarteriorrhaphy: blood flow after wound healing. AB - The present study tests the hypothesis that early wound healing effects blood flow after experimental microarteriorrhaphy. Hemodynamic variables were measured in the rat femoral artery prior to and 3 weeks after both interrupted and continuous microarteriorrhaphy techniques. The hemodynamic variables (blood velocities, lumen geometry, and calculated blood flow) were measured by 20-MHz pulsed ultrasonic Doppler velocity meter (PUDVM) methods. The control values (N = 22) and the 3 weeks postoperative values, for both the interrupted (N = 11) and continuous groups (N = 11), were not statistically different (P greater than .01). The average calculated blood flows were as follows: control group 10.85 +/- 1.45 cc/min, interrupted group 12.01 +/- .92 cc/min, and continuous group 8.50 +/ 1.45 cc/min. Three weeks of wound healing after microarteriorrhaphy did not significantly change blood flow variables compared to preoperative values. PMID- 3160911 TI - A genetic component to the variation of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. AB - Previous studies have shown wide variation in the normal range of serum concentrations of adrenal androgens, including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), and DHA sulfate (DHAS). Much of this variability has been shown to be due to the marked variation of the concentrations of these hormones with age. In a search for other sources of this variation, we examined the distribution of DHAS levels in 178 individuals drawn from 26 families. DHAS was chosen because of its relatively high serum concentration, long half-life, and lack of pulsatile variation. As expected, we observed a large age effect, such that it accounted for 68% of the overall variability. In addition, however, when age was factored out by appropriate polynomial regression, there was a significant genetic component to the residual variation, with a heritability of 65%. Thus there appeared to be a significant genetic determination to DHAS serum levels. The results are in accord with previous studies suggesting a genetic component to the variation in testosterone and sex hormone globulin concentrations, and the known correlation of DHAS and testosterone levels. Thus there appears to be significant genetic control of androgen concentrations in humans. PMID- 3160913 TI - Carotenoid synthesis in Neurospora crassa. PMID- 3160912 TI - Nutrition and somatomedin. XIV. Altered levels of somatomedins and somatomedin inhibitors in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. AB - Diabetes is associated with poor growth despite elevated levels of growth hormone (GH). Skeletal GH effects are mediated by somatomedins; in diabetes, somatomedins measured by radioassay are normal, yet somatomedin activity measured by bioassay is low. Since bioassay measurements reflect the presence of both somatomedins and somatomedin inhibitors, we asked if diabetes might be associated with discordant regulation of these circulating factors. Graded severity of diabetes was induced in rats by injection of streptozotocin at 37, 73, 146, and 293 mg/kg. After two days, metabolic derangement varied from normal serum beta-hydroxybutyrate with slight increase in glucose and minimal weight loss at 37 mg/kg streptozotocin to beta-hydroxybutyrate 10.6 mmol/L, glucose 447 mg/dL, and 33 g weight loss at 293 mg/kg streptozotocin. After fractionation of serum on Sephacryl S-300 pH 7.0, somatomedins and somatomedin inhibitors were measured by rat cartilage bioassay. Somatomedins (Kav 0.25 to 0.50) were comparable to control levels despite beta hydroxybutyrate 2 mmol/L, glucose 534 mg/dL, and weight loss 11 g at 73 mg/kg streptozotocin and fell only at higher streptozotocin dosage. In contrast, somatomedin inhibitors (Kav 0.62 to 0.88) began to rise at 37 mg/kg streptozotocin and increased with higher dosage. Levels of somatomedins were correlated weakly only with beta-hydroxybutyrate (r = 0.48, P less than 0.05), while somatomedin inhibitors were correlated significantly with all indices, particularly beta-hydroxybutyrate (r = 0.78, P less than 0.0001). The early rise in somatomedin inhibitors but late fall in somatomedins could explain low somatomedin activity (and poor growth) despite normal levels of somatomedins measured by radioassay; measurement of somatomedin inhibitors may provide an index of growth potential in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3160914 TI - The rapid-flow-quench method in the study of fast reactions in biochemistry: extension to subzero conditions. PMID- 3160915 TI - Inhibition of cold-induced vasoconstriction with ketanserin. AB - The role of serotonin, thromboxane A2, and prostacyclin in cold-stimulated vasoconstriction was studied in 11 volunteers randomly pretreated with placebo, antagonists to serotonin (ketanserin, 40 mg), cyclooxygenase (ibuprofen, 800 mg), or thromboxane synthetase (ketoconazole, 400 mg). With an ambient temperature of 27 degrees, the hand and distal arm of one side were immersed in iced slush for 2 min. At the end of this time there was a fall in skin temperature from 31.2 to 12.2 degrees. Six minutes later with ketanserin treatment, temperature rose 4.5 degrees above placebo (P less than 0.05). In the noncooled side, ketanserin led to a rise in baseline temperature of 2.3 degrees (P less than 0.05), and increased plethysmographic finger flow to 2.08% delta vol/sec contrasted with 1.00% delta vol/sec in the placebo group (P less than 0.05). During cold immersion, temperature of this side fell 0.5 degrees, and flow decreased to 0.17% delta vol/sec. With ketanserin, temperature did not fall and flow was 0.85% delta vol/sec (P less than 0.05). Ketanserin accelerated recovery of temperature and flow (P less than 0.05). Plasma serotonin levels were constant. Ibuprofen and ketoconazole reduced baseline thromboxane B2 levels from 30 pg to 18 and 20 pg/ml (P less than 0.05), respectively, but did not influence temperature or flow. Results show that serotonin and perhaps alpha-adrenoreceptors, but not prostanoids, modulate resting skin flow and cold-induced vasoconstriction. PMID- 3160916 TI - Dual effects of OK-432 on mitogenic response of splenocytes to concanavalin A. AB - OK-432, a streptococcal preparation, was studied for its effect on the concanavalin A (Con A)-induced mitogenesis of the host spleen cells. When mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection of OK-432, there was a substantial increase in the mitogenic response of splenocytes, whereas multiple injections conversely resulted in a marked reduction of the mitogenic response, when the spleen cells were cultured at high cell densities of over than 5 X 10(5) cells/well. The reduced Con A-responsiveness in the latter was not restored by mixing spleen cells from mice given multiple OK-432 injections with those from normal mice. Moreover, splenic macrophages from OK-432-injected mice exhibited marked inhibitory activity against Con A-mitogenesis of normal splenocytes, while normal splenic macrophages failed to show such an effect. Splenic T cells from OK 432-injected mice also showed an inhibitory activity against Con A-mitogenesis of normal splenocytes and similar activity was also noted in normal splenic T cells. Therefore, the OK-432-spleen cells contain two types of suppressor cells; one is a newly elicited suppressor macrophage and the other is a suppressor T cell supposedly resident also in normal spleen cells. In the OK-432-injected spleen cells, accessory cell function for T cell Con A-mitogenesis was markedly reduced. On the other hand, it was noted that the interleukin 2-producing ability of the OK-432-splenocytes was augmented more than that of normal splenocytes, indicating that multiple OK-432 injections also cause an increase in the helper T cell activity of the host spleen cells. PMID- 3160917 TI - Social implications of prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis. PMID- 3160918 TI - Prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis: medical and social implications. Indications, acceptance by doctors and patients, impact and cost: a 10-year review. AB - Prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis has been in widespread use for a decade, and access to it has been determined by medical attitudes towards what constitutes "high risk", and by pragmatic questions about the logistics of delivering a new diagnostic test to as many couples as costs will allow. The most common indication - advanced maternal age - has led to different access criteria in various parts of Australia. Factors such as socioeconomic status, education, and religion affect the acceptance of prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis from the point of view both of patients and of the doctors who care for them. Cost-benefit analyses conducted elsewhere indicate that, in purely monetary terms, it is probable that prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis is cost-effective if offered to all couples in which the woman is over the age of 32 years. An assessment of the impact of prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis on the birth incidence of major chromosomal abnormalities, particularly Down's syndrome, indicates that the maximum reduction which might be achieved in current practice is 30%. PMID- 3160919 TI - Prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis: some potential legal implications. PMID- 3160920 TI - [Normogram for the evaluation of risk of couples for Down's syndrome]. PMID- 3160921 TI - [T-lymphocyte populations defined by monoclonal antibodies in children with atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 3160922 TI - [Clinico-statistical considerations on congenital malformations observed among 5000 patients at the Children's Hospital of the University of Turin]. PMID- 3160923 TI - [Long-term follow-up in a case of precocious puberty caused by hamartoma of the hypothalamus treated with cyproterone acetate]. PMID- 3160925 TI - Non-surgical balloon dilation procedure for coarctation of the aorta. PMID- 3160926 TI - [Clinical study of immunosuppressives in cancer patients]. AB - Induction of suppressor cell activities in normal lymphocytes by the sera from cancer patients was investigates. The sera were collected and assayed from the patient with colo-rectal, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, esophageal, breast and gastric cancer. They induced suppressor cell activities and depressed significantly the proliferative response of autologous responder lymphocytes, while the sera from the patients with benign + diseases did not. Sera induced suppressor cells were found to reside in T cells. Monocytes increased the induction of suppressor cell activities but complement did not. Sera induced suppressor cell activities apparently correlated with spontaneous suppressor cell activities in cancer donors, and these activities declined after the treatment of plasma exchange. In patients with gastric cancer, clinical prognostic factors such as staging of the disease, tumor size, liver metastasis, histological pattern of tumor and invasion of vein, affected on the suppressor cell activities, which significantly decreased after curative resection. From these results it might be postulated that the sera from cancer patients contain factors which induced suppressor cell activities and that serum factor activates the suppressor precursors to be matured suppressor cells in-vivo in a manner similar to that seen in-vitro. PMID- 3160924 TI - Medical ethics in neurology and neurosurgery. AB - The author presents several basic concepts in contemporary medical ethics. Much of the discussion centers on self-determination and beneficence, two basic but sometimes opposed ethical principles in neurology and neurosurgery. These are applied to decision-making in competent and incompetent patients, using living will legislation and recent legal decisions about withholding treatment as examples. The Baby Doe case is discussed in detail to demonstrate the importance of medical ethics in contemporary medical practice. PMID- 3160927 TI - [Circulating negative inotropic substance produced by the lung, affected by prostaglandin and thromboxane]. AB - The Lung is capable of the synthesis and the release of prostaglandins responded to a number of pathophysiological stimuli, which may impair myocardial performance. Present study was undertaken to determine the release of circulating negative inotropic substance(s) from the lung and whether or not blockage of prostanoid synthesis, or infusion of prostaglandin are related to the production of this substance(s). Sixteen isolated left lower lobes were divided into 3 groups: (1) untreated, isolated blood-perfused lungs (n = 5), (2) prostaglandin I2, 1 microgram/min, continuously added to the perfusate (n = 6), and (3) five lobes pretreated with ibuprofen (12.5 mg/kg) in addition to 1 microgram/min prostaglandin I2. Perfusion of an isolated lobe with heparinized whole blood caused thrombocytopenia. The plasma 4 hours after perfusion led to the generation of a humoral agent(s) that reduced developed tension (Tpd) of a papillary muscle (p less than 0.05), and Ca++ -and Mg++-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) (p less than 0.01). With prostaglandin I2, thromboxane B2 rose from 0.076 to 0.362 ng/ml at a level higher than control (p less than 0.05). The plasma significantly lowered SR-ATPase and myofibril-Mg++-ATPase activities and further reduced papillary muscle Tpd. By pretreatment with ibuprofen, adverse prostaglandin I2 effects were eliminated. The observation suggests that the lung produces prostaglandin related negative inotropic substance(s) that may reduced contractility, affected by energy availability. PMID- 3160928 TI - Heterogeneity of lysosomal enzymes in cultured normal and sialidosis type II human fibroblasts and the effect of ammonium chloride on this heterogeneity. AB - Lysosomal enzymes of human skin fibroblasts sediment in a Percoll gradient with major peaks at 1.05 and 1.10 g cm-3. The distribution of enzyme activity between the two peaks is dependent on growth state of the cells. Sialidosis Type II fibroblasts show a normal distribution pattern. NH4Cl stimulates enzyme secretion and de novo enzyme synthesis. PMID- 3160929 TI - Gene disruption by transformation in Neurospora crassa. AB - To establish conditions which might permit deliberate gene disruptions in Neurospora crassa, we studied transformation with linear DNA fragments. The transformation frequency observed was increased about twofold in comparison with that obtained with circular plasmid DNA. However, only a low proportion, approximately 10%, of the integration events occurred at the homologous site, whereas most integrations of transforming DNA took place in nonhomologous regions. It was also found that multiple integration events frequently occurred in individual transformants. A plasmid, designated pJP12, was constructed that contains the N. crassa am+ gene interrupted by insertion into its coding region of a DNA segment carrying a functional Neurospora qa-2+ gene. A fragment of Neurospora DNA that contains this am qa-2+ construction was obtained from plasmid pJP12 and used to transform an am+ qa-2 strain in an attempt to disrupt the resident am+ gene. After the initial qa-2+ transformants were converted to homokaryons by appropriate crosses, 10 independent transformants with an am mutant phenotype were found among 117 examined. Each of these qa-2+ am transformants showed the loss of a hybridization band in Southern blots of genomic DNA that corresponded to the normal am+ gene and the presence of a new hybridization band, consistent with an alteration in the am+ region. PMID- 3160931 TI - Mouse monoclonal antibodies to the human C3b receptor. AB - Mouse monoclonal antibodies were raised against the human C3b receptor (CR1) molecule that had been purified from solubilized erythrocytes membranes. Four hybridomas were selected, cloned and expanded because their supernatants reacted strongly with insolubilized CR1 by ELISA and intensely stained B-dependent areas of the spleen and glomerular podocytes by indirect immunofluorescence. The four monoclonal antibodies, named J3D3, J8B10, J3B11 and J7C2, were IgG1 immunoglobulins. J3D3 immunoprecipitated two protein bands of apparent mol. wts 200,000 and 220,000 from 125I-surface-labeled human erythrocytes, which correspond to the two major allotypic forms of CR1. By indirect immunofluorescence, monoclonal antibodies stained polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN), most peripheral blood B-cells and a small subset of peripheral blood T cells. J3D3 bound to CR1 on erythrocytes, PMN and lymphocytes with an affinity of 1-3 X 10(9) M-1 and recognized 170-1330 antigenic CR1 sites with an average of 740 sites/erythrocyte in 100 healthy individuals, approx. 50,000 sites/PMN and 15,000 sites/lymphocyte. There was a bimodal distribution of CR1 numbers on erythrocyte in the normal population. The four monoclonal antibodies similarly inhibited CR1-mediated decay of preformed cell-bound alternative- and classical pathway C3 convertase sites. Two antibodies, J3D3 and J3B11, inhibited C3b dependent rosette formation with lymphocytes, although much less efficiently than F(ab')2 polyclonal anti-CR1 antibody. Differences that were observed in the relative capacity of the antibodies to inhibit some of the functions of CR1 and in their ability to compete for binding of 125I-J3D3 to CR1 on erythrocytes, suggested that they are directed against different epitopes on CR1. Monoclonal antibodies provide useful means to assess and analyze the biological and immunoregulatory functions of the C3b receptor. PMID- 3160930 TI - Deletion analysis identifies a region, upstream of the ADH2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is required for ADR1-mediated derepression. AB - Deletion analysis was used to identify sequences upstream of the ADH2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are required for its regulation. 5' and 3' internal deletions of the ADH2 control region were created in vitro, and the fragments were ligated adjacent to the ADH1 promoter and structural gene. Hybrid genes with 3' deletions extending from -119 to -216 (the start site of ADH2 transcription is designated +1) were fully repressed and derepressed to high levels. Hybrid genes with 3' deletions extending from -119 to -257 were repressed but failed to significantly derepress. Hybrid genes lacking the -216 to -257 region also failed to respond to ADR1-5c, a mutant allele of the unlinked regulatory gene ADR1, which confers constitutive expression on ADH2. This implies that the region between these deletion endpoints, which includes a 22-base-pair sequence of dyad symmetry, is required for efficient derepression of an adjacent promoter. Internal deletions extending in the 3' direction from position -1141 confirmed these results. Deletion mutants lacking the region -1141 to -259 were normally regulated, whereas deletions extending from -1141 to -115 were not derepressible. These results support the hypotheses that the ADH2 promoter may normally be in an inactive conformation in the yeast chromosome and that derepression of ADH2 requires positive activation mediated through an upstream activation sequence located between 216 and 257 base pairs 5' to the start site of ADH2 transcription. No evidence for a DNA sequence mediating repression was obtained. PMID- 3160932 TI - Immunosuppressive effects of cationic vesicles. AB - Double chained cationic amphiphiles closely related to those in widespread household and commercial use have been shown to inhibit the generation of cytoxic T lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte reactions in vitro, and to inhibit inflammatory responses caused by the injection of alloreactive cytotoxic lymphocytes into the footpads of mice. The immunosuppressive effects are not due to non-specific toxicity, but are probably due to inactivation or deletion of cytotoxic T cell precursors in the in vitro experiments, and modification of the inflammation induced by activated T cells in vivo. Apart from the cautionary aspects in relation to public health, the results offer a new approach to immunology and cell biology in terms of modification of cell membranes, and a rationale for the systematic design of a class of immunosuppressive drugs. PMID- 3160933 TI - Generation of natural killer-like activity in mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell cultures. II. Correlation between expression of HLA-DR antigens on the activated T cells and their cytotoxic capability. AB - In this study, we investigated the role of DR antigens in human mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) at the responder cell level. Upon stimulation by allogeneic lymphocytes or leukemic cell lines, a large proportion of T cells underwent blastogenesis and began expressing DR antigens. Analysis by a fluorescence activated cell sorter revealed that both subpopulations of large activated T cell blasts and of small T lymphocytes became DR+ by synthesis and/or uptake. Depletion of DR+ responder cells from 6-day-old MLRs by treatment with anti-DR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) plus complement (C) reduced but did not completely abrogate the natural killer (NK)-like activity of the responder lymphocytes, suggesting that the MLR-induced cytotoxic cells include both DR+ and Dr- populations. The expression of NK-like activity by the responder cells was also greatly reduced upon addition of anti-DR mAbs (without C) at the start of the mixed cultures. This effect was observed regardless of the presence of DR antigens on the stimulator cells, indicating that the anti-DR mAbs can interact with the antigens present on both the stimulator and responder populations. These data show that during an MLR, the continued presence of DR antigens on the responding population is essential for the expression and maintenance of the proliferative and cytotoxic capabilities of these cells. PMID- 3160934 TI - Generation of natural killer-like activity in mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell cultures. I. Role of HLA-DR antigens as stimulatory molecules. AB - A number of human lymphoid and non-lymphoid leukemic cell lines differing for expression of HLA-DR antigens were analyzed for the ability to induce natural killer(NK)-like activity and proliferation in lymphocytes from healthy donors. The ability to elicit the generation of NK-like activity in the responder lymphocytes varied greatly depending upon the type of antimitotic treatment (gamma-irradiation versus mitomycin C) received by the tumor cells prior to the start of the mixed cultures. By contrast, the induction of T-cell proliferation was positively correlated with the presence of DR molecules on the tumor cell lines. Nevertheless, DR- leukemic cells pretreated with the appropriate antimitotic agent did induce a proliferative response in the mixed cultures. T lymphocytes cultured without stimulator cells in spent medium containing high levels of cell-free DR antigens failed to undergo blastogenesis and proliferation, indicating that DR antigens can function as stimulatory molecules only when they are cell-associated. PMID- 3160935 TI - Titu Vasiliu's conception on cancer disease and the present trends. PMID- 3160936 TI - The continuity of Titu Vasiliu's School of Pathology in Cluj-Napoca. PMID- 3160937 TI - [Space maintaining functions in the human embryo]. PMID- 3160938 TI - Intestinal lymphoid tissue changes in the cortisone-treated Wistar rat. AB - This paper continues the previous investigation of the Department on the lymphoid tissue of central and peripheral lymphoid organs under different experimental conditions. The morphological reactional modalities of the intestinal lymphoid tissue in the male Wistar rat were followed up under endocrine imbalance conditions following cortisone administration. Seven days after administration cortisone induced a hyperplasia of the intestinal lymphoid tissue in parallel with a depletion of the lymph node parenchyma and a hypercellularity of bone marrow. After a 6-week postcortisone interval, the lymphoid tissue showed changes corresponding to a cellular depletion in parallel with the restoration of the lymph node parenchyma and a normocellular bone marrow. PMID- 3160939 TI - The lymphoblastic lymphoma: a clinical and morphological entity, two new cases. AB - There are reported two new cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma in an 8 and a 12 year old child respectively. The diagnosis is based on cytological features, similar or identical to those of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the presence of a mediastinal growth and a rapid evolution, and with an early involvement of the bone marrow. The cytohistological pattern was dominated in one case by the proliferation of immature lymphocytes with convoluted nuclei, and in the second one by immature lymphocytes with round nuclei. The T cell origin of these lymphomas and the practical value of their recognition for an early treatment are discussed. PMID- 3160940 TI - A benign chondroblastoma with a rare location. AB - The benign chondroblastoma is rarely located at the leg and hand bones. The reported case had a deformation of the first phalanx of the left leg second finger, clinico-radiologically diagnosed as a chondroma, and only the histopathological examination sets the diagnosis of benign chondroblastoma. PMID- 3160942 TI - Medical consequences of nuclear war. PMID- 3160941 TI - The regeneration and maturation of mast cells following peritoneal lavage in the rat. AB - Adult rats subjected to repeated peritoneal saline lavage show a rapid depletion of mast cells in the peritoneal fluid, but the mast cells in mesentery and omentum are not significantly reduced. The residual mast cells are predominantly young elements, histochemically belonging to stages 1 and 2 of maturation. Regeneration of mast cells is rapid with return to the normal density and distribution accomplished within 3 -- 4 weeks after cessation of lavage. The origin, nature and factors influencing the regeneration of mast cells is to be further investigated. PMID- 3160943 TI - On the one hundredth birth anniversary of professor Dr. Titu Vasiliu. PMID- 3160944 TI - Titu Vasiliu and his anatomoclinical method and conception. PMID- 3160945 TI - Titu Vasiliu--hematologist. PMID- 3160946 TI - Professor Titu Vasiliu, the reticulohistiocytic system and malignant lymphomas. PMID- 3160947 TI - Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine. The role of 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporated into parental DNA. AB - The effect of thymidine (dT) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FdU) on the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) was examined in root-tip cells of Allium cepa. dT was unable to induce SCEs at all the concentrations tested. In contrast, FdU was efficient in the induction of SCEs. A nearly 3-fold increase in the frequency of SCEs was obtained with 5 X 10(-7) M FdU when it was given simultaneously with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for 2 consecutive cell cycles. Also, when FdU was present only for the first round of replication, the rate of SCEs in M2 chromosomes was notably higher than when it was given only during the second replication round. By analyzing M3 chromosomes treated during the second replication round with FdU the results also supported the hypothesis that the majority of the FdU-induced SCEs arise as a consequence of a higher rate of BrdU incorporation, and that most of them are formed when BrdU-containing strands are used as template for DNA synthesis. PMID- 3160948 TI - Identification of mutagenic compounds formed during chlorination of humic acid. AB - Humic acid chlorination products are being studied in an effort to identify the chemicals responsible for the mutagenicity formed during water chlorination. In the present report, 19 chlorinated organic compounds have been identified and quantified in ether extracts of chlorinated humic acid solutions. 10 of these compounds, including a number of chlorinated propanones and chlorinated propenals, are direct-acting mutagens in the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay. The position of the chlorine substituent has been found to be an important factor in the mutagenic activity of these two classes of compounds. The total mutagenicity of the compounds identified thus far, when tested either individually or as a composite, accounts for only 7-8% of the total TA100 mutagenicity, and less than 2% of the TA98 mutagenicity formed during humic acid chlorination. The addition of bromide to the humic acid chlorination reaction results in up to a 2-fold increase in the level of mutagenicity formed. PMID- 3160949 TI - A community-based outbreak of infection with penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae not producing penicillinase (chromosomally mediated resistance). AB - From February through November of 1983, 199 cases of penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection were identified in a localized epidemic in Durham, North Carolina. The isolates did not produce beta-lactamase but were unusually resistant to penicillin (minimum inhibitory concentration, 2.0 to 4.0 micrograms per milliliter), and 15 of 16 patients treated with 4.8 million units of penicillin G procaine plus 1.0 g of probenecid did not respond to therapy. Recognition of the outbreak was impeded by a lack of routine surveillance for resistance other than that mediated by beta-lactamase. All epidemic isolates had a single serotype, auxotype, and antibiotic-susceptibility profile. The outbreak was halted by changing the treatment for all patients and their contacts to spectinomycin, and by intensive epidemiologic case-finding efforts. The emergence of such resistant strains poses potential major public health problems and indicates a need for reassessment of current surveillance procedures. PMID- 3160950 TI - Elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone in a newborn with 3-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. PMID- 3160951 TI - A calcium-channel blocker as antidote to the cardiac effects of cocaine intoxication. PMID- 3160952 TI - Site of injection and response to hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 3160953 TI - Specific targeting of cytotoxic T cells by anti-T3 linked to anti-target cell antibody. AB - The specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc) cells is conferred by an antigen specific receptor, Ti, which in humans is physically associated with an invariant cell-surface glycoprotein, T3. Monoclonal antibodies specific for either T3 and Ti are able to elicit a variety of T-cell responses such as lymphokine production, mitogenesis and cytotoxicity. For example, human Tc cells lyse anti T3-expressing hybridoma cells, but not cells of other specificity, presumably because anti-T3 on the hybridoma cells binds to T3 on the Tc cells and triggers lysis. Here, we have adapted approaches used in a different cytotoxic effector system, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), to alter the specificity of Tc cell. Studies of ADCC showed that heteroaggregates containing anti-Fc receptor (Fc gamma R) antibody cross-linked to a second antibody bind to Fc gamma R on ADCC effectors and cause them to kill target cells bearing antigen recognized by the second antibody. The present studies use anti-T3-containing heteroaggregates to re-target human Tc cells to cells for which we have appropriate antibodies, including xenogeneic tumour cells and chicken erythrocytes. These results extend previous observations on the role of T3 in triggering cytotoxicity and suggest that effector cell re-targeting could be used for in vivo treatment of neoplasms and other pathogens that express distinctive surface antigens. PMID- 3160954 TI - Binding of the putative anxiolytic TVX Q 7821 to hippocampal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) recognition sites. AB - The abilities of the putative non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic compound TVX Q 7821 in comparison to 5-HT and the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin to displace 3H 5-HT from its binding sites in various regions of calf brain were studied. Binding affinities and capacities for 3H-5-HT were determined using membranes from different calf brain regions. Competition experiments with radiolabelled 3H ketanserin using rat prefrontal cortex membranes were also performed. High affinity 3H-5-HT binding was found in all calf brain areas examined, with the hippocampus having the highest density of binding sites. TVX Q 7821 was a potent displacer (Ki-value 10 nmol/l) of 3H-5-HT binding in hippocampal membranes but not in membranes from other brain regions. No high affinity binding of TVX Q 7821 was found to the 5-HT receptors labelled with 3H-ketanserin. It is concluded, that TVX Q 7821 may bind preferentially to a special subtype of the 5-HT1 recognition site. Furthermore the results suggest that these sites may be involved in the mechanism of the anxiolytic action of TVX Q 7821. PMID- 3160955 TI - [Difficulties and possibilities in the detection and removal of osteoid osteoma]. PMID- 3160956 TI - [New risk factors in the development of venous thrombosis]. PMID- 3160958 TI - Ensure patients' needs are met. PMID- 3160957 TI - [The history of quinolines]. PMID- 3160959 TI - [Mortality in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Effect of hemodynamic factors]. PMID- 3160960 TI - [Glomerulopathies associated with parasitoses]. AB - Glomerular diseases linked to parasitic infections are frequent in tropical areas: the nephrotic syndrome of African children is often related to malarial infections and hepato-splenic schistosomiasis may be associated with glomerulonephritis. Histological studies indicate that the same parasite can induce a spectrum of glomerular lesions. Immune complexes play a major role in the pathogenesis of these nephropathies but their precise composition is largely unknown. Experimental studies suggest that some of these complexes could be formed by immunoglobulin interactions related to the perturbations induced by the parasite within the immune system. PMID- 3160961 TI - Release of immunoreactive beta-endorphin in vitro from pituitaries of young and old male rats. AB - The release of immunoreactive beta-endorphin (IR-BE) in vitro from the anterior pituitary (AP) and the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary (NIL) from old male rats was significantly greater than from the AP and NIL from young male rats. In addition, the content and concentration of IR-BE in the AP and NIL was significantly greater in old than in young male rats, as was the concentration of IR-BE in the plasma. Chromatographic analysis revealed that in old male rats, the increase in IR-BE contained in and released by the AP and NIL, and found in the plasma, represented an increase in a peptide which coeluted with beta-endorphin rather than beta-lipotropin. These data suggest that both the AP and the NIL contribute to the elevation in plasma levels of IR-BE observed in old male rats, and that the increase in pituitary and plasma IR-BE in old male rats represents an increase in beta-endorphin. PMID- 3160962 TI - Pituitary secretion of growth hormone in response to opioid peptides and opiates is mediated through growth hormone-releasing factor. AB - Passive immunization of rats with an antiserum raised against rat growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) completely inhibited the growth hormone (GH) response to morphine and beta-endorphin but did not alter the prolactin (PRL) response to those two stimuli. These results demonstrate that opiate and opioid peptide stimulation of pituitary GH secretion is mediated through hypothalamic GRF and presents an animal model in which the stimulated secretion of GH and PRL can be specifically dissociated. PMID- 3160963 TI - Serotonin and norepinephrine-dependent effects of fenfluramine on plasma renin activity in conscious male rats. AB - Administration of DL-fenfluramine to male rats caused an initial rise, followed by a sustained decrease in plasma renin activity. Both the increase, which reached a maximum at 30 min and the decrease, which was maximal at 4 hr after administration of fenfluramine, were dose-dependent. Pretreatment with either of the blockers of serotonin uptake, fluoxetine or indalpine blocked the increase in plasma renin activity induced by fenfluramine at 30 min, but did not affect the decrease at 4 hr after injection. Similarly, pretreatment with the inhibitor of the synthesis of serotonin, p-chlorophenylalanine methylester (PCPA) blocked the initial (30 min) but not the delayed (4 hr) effect of fenfluramine on plasma renin activity. The initial stimulation of secretion of renin by a submaximal dose (2 mg/kg, i.p.) of fenfluramine was potentiated by pretreatment with the precursor of serotonin L-tryptophan (100 mg/kg, i.p.). Pretreatment with the blocker of the uptake of norepinephrine, desipramine did not prevent the initial (30 min) effect but completely prevented the delayed (4 hr) effect of fenfluramine on plasma renin activity. These results suggest that the initial effect of fenfluramine is mediated via a serotonergic mechanism while the delayed, but long-lasting suppression of plasma renin activity, is mediated via a noradrenergic mechanism. PMID- 3160964 TI - Analysis of the cardiovascular responses to central injection of tryptamine in rats. AB - Tryptamine (2-20 micrograms), administered into the lateral cerebral ventricle of the rat, evoked a pressor response which was sometimes followed by a prolonged depressor response. The intracisternal administration of tryptamine (7-20 micrograms) caused a slow progressive and long-lasting depressor effect without or with an initial pressor effect. The pressor response was accompanied by variable changes in heart rate, whilst the pure depressor response was accompanied by a decrease in heart rate. After transection of the spinal cord between C1 and C2 the pressor response was substantially reduced or abolished. Methysergide, injected centrally, antagonized in a dose-dependent manner the pressor effect, whilst p-chlorophenylalanine, atropine and hexamethonium, administered by the same route, did not diminish this effect. It is concluded that tryptamine, injected centrally, causes both increases and decreases in arterial blood pressure and heart rate. The pressor response to tryptamine results from the activation of central noncholinergic, methysergide-sensitive, receptor sites and the depressor response to tryptamine may be due to a centrally induced reduction in sympathetic nervous activity. It is tentatively suggested that tryptamine, like 5-hydroxytryptamine, participates in the physiological regulation of the cardiovascular system of the rat, as both a central excitatory and inhibitory regulator. PMID- 3160965 TI - The effects of opioid and FMRF-amide peptides on thermal behavior in the snail. AB - Administration of methionine-enkephalin, beta-endorphin or, as previously shown, the opiate agonist, morphine sulfate (0.10-10.0 micrograms per snail), resulted in significant dose-dependent increases in the latency of thermal (40 degrees C hot plate) avoidance behavior of the terrestrial snail, Cepaea nemoralis. The analgesic effects could be blocked by the opiate antagonist, naloxone, as well as by the non-opioid peptides, FMRF-amide and YGG-FMRF-amide. When administered by themselves the FMRF-amide peptides had significant bimodal effects either decreasing (0.10 and 10.0 micrograms) or increasing (1.0 micrograms) the latency of the response to the thermal stimulus. These results indicate that opioid and FMRE-amide peptides may be involved in the determination of thermal behavior in the snail. They also suggest that FMRF-amide peptides may function as endogenous modulators of opioid activity. PMID- 3160966 TI - Drug-induced activation of the inferior olivary nucleus in young rabbits. Differential effects of harmaline and quipazine. AB - Ontogenic evolution of behavioural and electrophysiological responses to the serotonergic agents, quipazine and harmaline, was studied in the maturing rabbit in normal and pretreated conditions. As regards behavioural effects, tremor induced by quipazine was present from the first postnatal day and was antagonized by methysergide, but not by p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) or pretreatment with 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). In contrast, tremor induced by harmaline could not be elicited before the second postnatal week and was partially antagonized by methysergide and 5,7-DHT, but not by PCPA. Electrophysiological studies of cell activity in the inferior olivary nucleus revealed a similar dependency on age since rhythmic activation of the inferior olivary nucleus could be registered from the first postnatal day with quipazine and only from the 8th postnatal day with harmaline; drug interactions with methysergide, PCPA and 5,7-DHT were the same as for the behavioural observations. It is suggested that quipazine directly activates serotonin receptors which are already present at birth, whereas harmaline requires the presence of serotonergic fibres for such activation. PMID- 3160967 TI - Potentiation of motoneurone excitability by combined administration of 5-HT agonist and TRH analogue. AB - Motoneurone field potentials have been recorded from the lumbar region of the spinal cord, to antidromic stimulation of a ventral root, in rats anaesthetised with urethane. Injection of the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) analogue RX77368 (1mg/kg) plus the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor agonist 5-methoxy N, N-dimethyl-tryptamine (5MeODMT 0.4mg/kg) resulted in a potentiation of the increase in amplitude and duration of response, compared to when the drugs were given singly. These results are discussed in the context of possible interactions between 5-HT and TRH systems. PMID- 3160968 TI - Attenuation of dichotic-listening ear advantages by stimulus bias. AB - Analysis of data from a dichotic-listening experiment showed that biases of normal and retarded children towards reporting specific stimuli (stimulus bias) were inversely related to ear advantages and were reduced by auditory discrimination training. PMID- 3160970 TI - [Laparoscopic extirpation of ovarian cysts]. PMID- 3160969 TI - Approaches to the study of cerebral dopamine metabolism in certain extrapyramidal diseases. PMID- 3160971 TI - [Sexual ambiguity at birth: causes and proposal for a diagnostic scheme]. PMID- 3160972 TI - A multidisciplinary care study. PMID- 3160973 TI - Atrial natriuretic peptides: endogenous diuretics? PMID- 3160974 TI - How small is too small--a reappraisal. PMID- 3160975 TI - Repetitive strain injury. PMID- 3160976 TI - Teaching the handicapped to fish. PMID- 3160977 TI - The role of government in dental services to the developmentally disabled. PMID- 3160978 TI - Serving the dental needs of the handicapped with compassion and concern. PMID- 3160979 TI - Administrative considerations for a hospital-based dental clinic for the handicapped. PMID- 3160980 TI - Dental treatment of the handicapped patient. PMID- 3160981 TI - Dentistry for the mentally retarded and physically handicapped in Florida. PMID- 3160982 TI - Gynecologic laparoscopy. A review article. PMID- 3160983 TI - Cesarean section or vaginal delivery at 24 to 28 weeks' gestation: comparison of survival and neonatal and two-year morbidity. AB - A large cohort of consecutive live births with gestational ages assessed antenatally from 24 to 28 weeks from one tertiary center was studied to determine the association between mode of delivery and in-hospital mortality and morbidity and morbidity at two years of age. Between 1 January 1977 and 31 March 1982, 52.8% (172 of 326) of such infants survived their primary hospitalization. Obstetric factors independently associated with improved survival were increasing gestational age (P less than .0001), the absence of maternal hypertension (P = .007), singleton pregnancy (P = .007), and antenatal steroid therapy (P = .018). Although 62.7% (32 of 51) of infants delivered by cesarean section survived compared with 50.9% (140 of 275) of infants delivered vaginally, the increased survival was not statistically significant (X 2 = 1.97). Moreover, the trend favoring cesarean section disappeared after adjustment for confounding obstetric factors. In univariate analyses cesarean births more frequently required ventilatory support and there was a trend toward a lower incidence of cerebroventricular hemorrhage; again, however, when adjusted for extraneous factors these associations disappeared. Of the 172 in-hospital survivors, five died at home unexpectedly; 162 of the remaining 167 were traced; 18 (11.1%) had cerebral palsy and two (1.2%) were deaf. Of the 111 children who were fully assessed, 13.5% had major handicaps, 23.4% were suspect, and 63.1% were free of handicap at two years' corrected age. There was no association between mode of delivery and frequency of handicap. Little evidence was found from mortality or morbidity data to support routine delivery of infants of borderline viability by cesarean section. PMID- 3160984 TI - Functional aspects of T-lymphocyte subsets in pregnancy. AB - Several recent reports have suggested that a decrease in circulating T helper cells may contribute to the relative immunodeficiency of pregnancy. To investigate the significance of these findings, 90 pregnant women were evaluated. The results of this study indicate that although pregnant women have a decreased proportion of T helper cells, they do have adequate T helper cell function as determined by an in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis assay and a T-lymphocyte colony-forming assay. Based on these studies it is unlikely that decreased numbers of T helper cells are primarily responsible for the immunodeficiency of pregnancy. PMID- 3160986 TI - Conversion of estrone to estradiol and estradiol to estrone in postmenopausal women. AB - The conversion of estrone to estradiol and metabolism of estradiol to estrone have been measured in postmenopausal women to examine factors that influence these conversions. Transfer constants for the conversion of estrone to estradiol and estradiol to estrone were not significantly correlated with age (r = -.01 and r = .1, respectively) or subjects' percentage of ideal body weight (r = -.25 and r = -.22, respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between the transfer constants for the conversion of estradiol to estrone and plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (r = -.45, P less than .05) but not plasma levels of progesterone. Transfer constants for the conversion of estrone to estradiol and metabolism of estradiol to estrone in women with breast or endometrial disease were similar to values in normal women, but metabolism of estradiol to estrone was elevated in two women with primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 3160985 TI - Laparoscopic findings and contraceptive use in women with signs and symptoms suggestive of acute salpingitis. AB - Laparoscopic findings in women with clinical signs and symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease were correlated with contraceptive use in a case-control study. Of the 738 women, 544 (73.7%) had laparoscopic signs of acute salpingitis, whereas 194 (26.3%) had visually normal fallopian tubes (nonsalpingitis). Acute salpingitis was seen in 59.8% of the 286 patients using oral contraceptives, in 80.6% of the 227 patients using an intrauterine device (IUD), and in 84.4% of the 225 patients using barrier methods or not using contraceptives (reference group). To estimate the relative risk of acute salpingitis, logistic regression analysis adjusting for age and duration of pain before laparoscopy was used. For oral contraceptive users versus the reference group the adjusted relative risk was estimated at 0.24 (95% confidence interval 0.15 to 0.38, P less than .0001), and for IUD users versus the reference group a relative risk was estimated at 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.49 to 1.38, P = .46). The relative risk of salpingitis among oral contraceptive users versus the reference group was 0.22 (P = .005), and 0.06 (P = .001) for women infected with Chlamydia trachomatis and/or Neisseria gonorrhoeae, respectively. In patients with pelvic inflammatory disease, spread of the inflammation to the fallopian tubes seems to be inhibited in oral contraceptive users. PMID- 3160987 TI - Anatomic sites of upper genital tract infection. AB - The microbiologic correlates of upper genital tract infection were studied among 36 women with suspected upper genital tract infection and 11 control women undergoing tubal ligation. Laparoscopic evidence of confirmed salpingitis was seen in 25 (69%) of the 36 women. Pathologic evidence of endometritis was present in 26 women (72%), and 22 (85%) of them had salpingitis as well. Thus, four women had endometritis but no salpingitis, three women had salpingitis but no endometritis, and seven women had neither. Among the 25 women with salpingitis, one or more organisms were isolated from the fallopian tubes of nine women (36%) and from the cul-de-sac of six women (24%), versus none and one (9%), respectively, among the 11 cases without salpingitis, and one (9%) and none among the 11 control women. Among the 26 cases with endometritis, one or more organisms were isolated from the endometrium of 19 women (73%) versus 12 (67%) among the 18 women without endometritis. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the uterine cavity of nine women and from the fallopian tubes of three women with upper genital tract infection. The corresponding figures for Neisseria gonorrhoeae were three and two. Other nongonococcal nonchlamydial organisms were commonly isolated from the fallopian tubes and/or culde-sac of women with salpingitis. Bacteria frequently were isolated from the endometrium of both study cases and control subjects, but the latter were more likely to have nonpathogens of low virulence. PMID- 3160988 TI - Comparison of the safety of open and conventional laparoscopic sterilization. AB - Presented is a comparison of the safety of open and conventional laparoscopy. The 1400 cases make up a data set consisting of 1112 cases of open and 288 cases of conventional laparoscopy. The two techniques were compared with respect to three parameters commonly used to evaluate safety. For the open versus the conventional technique, the rates of surgical difficulties were 2.9 and 2.1%, respectively, rates of surgical complications were 1.4% for both techniques, and rates of technical failures were 0.2 and 2.0%, respectively. All the problems that led to technical failure were however, due to preexisting conditions. These data indicate that with respect to safety, the open technique is comparable with the conventional technique. However, the present data set cannot address the comparative risks of the infrequent but potentially life-threatening risks of major blood vessel laceration and viscus injury. PMID- 3160990 TI - Cytotoxic action of low dose Ara-C. Investigations in a marrow grafted patient with relapse. AB - A 35-year-old woman relapsing from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after a bone marrow transplantation (BMT) achieved complete remission by low dose Ara-C treatment. Phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM 1) isoenzyme analysis gave evidence for complete chimerism before relapse, whereas relapsing leukemia was autochtonous. Low dose Ara-C treatment cleared the marrow of leukemic blasts and reestablished normal in vitro growth patterns of myelopoiesis. Disappearance of autochthonous cells and regrowth of transplanted hematopoiesis was shown by PGM 1 isoenzyme analysis. Thus, low dose Ara-C exerted its action--at least in this patient--by cytotoxic mechanisms. PMID- 3160989 TI - Health and fitness boom moves into corporate America. PMID- 3160992 TI - [Immune complexes in various orthopedic diseases]. PMID- 3160991 TI - [40 years' medical services for World War II invalids with an orthopedic traumatologic profile]. PMID- 3160993 TI - [Use of distraction-compression osteosynthesis in the rehabilitation of invalids with sequelae of crural bone fractures]. PMID- 3160994 TI - [Organization of early detection and treatment of pathology of the locomotor system in children in Leningrad]. PMID- 3160995 TI - [R.R. Vreden (on a history of Russian orthopedics)]. PMID- 3160996 TI - [Analysis and prognosis of traffic injuries in Leningrad]. PMID- 3160997 TI - [Prevention of occupational trauma and organization of traumatological services in the carpet industry]. PMID- 3160998 TI - [A new cause of susceptibility to thrombosis: protein S deficiency]. PMID- 3160999 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, using the "kissing" technic, in infrarenal aortic stenosis]. PMID- 3161000 TI - Pulmonary toxicity of monocrotaline differs at critical periods of lung development. AB - We injected 3-day-old (neonatal), 8-day-old (infant), and 8-wk-old (adult) Sprague-Dawley rats with monocrotaline to examine the effect of a toxic agent at various stages of lung development. Two and four weeks after injection the rats were killed and the heart and lungs removed: the right and left ventricles were separated and weighed, the pulmonary artery was injected with barium-gelatin, and the lung was fixed in the inflated state. Morphometric techniques were applied to assess lung volume, alveolar size and number, and arterial size, muscularity, and concentration relative to alveolar. Rats injected with monocrotaline in the neonatal period did not survive to 3 wk. After 2 wk, there was no significant right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular changes were no worse than in the other rat groups injected with monocrotaline, but alveolar development was severely impaired; less than one-third the normal number was present. Rats injected with monocrotaline in infancy had normal alveolar development. After 2 wk, the arterial changes, i.e. extension of muscle into peripheral arteries, medial hypertrophy of muscular arteries, and decreased arterial concentration relative to alveolar were similar to those observed in adult rats. After 4 wk, there was a decrease in medial hypertrophy associated with growth in artery size and only a lack of regression of right ventricular weight. In adult rats, after 4 wk medial hypertrophy became progressively more severe, the arterial concentration relative to alveolar decreased further, and right ventricular hypertrophy developed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3161001 TI - [Interaction between radiopharmaceutical and therapeutic agents. The modification of the distribution of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate by D-penicillamine]. AB - The effect of D-penicillamine on the distribution of 99mTc-MDP was studied in male Wistar rats. There were significant activity decreases after medication in blood, kidney, lung and skeletal muscle. The activity in the skeleton was not influenced by D-penicillamine. After treatment, the liver showed a significant increase of activity. The clearance of activity not bound to the skeleton altogether accelerates after D-penicillamine medication. It is assumed that the change of kinetics is caused by a complex formation of the radiopharmaceutical and D-penicillamine. D-penicillamine possibly displaces methylene diphosphonate from the 99mTc-complex. PMID- 3161003 TI - The other side of the tracks. PMID- 3161002 TI - Faculty practice in primary care. PMID- 3161004 TI - Midwifery. Osteopathy during pregnancy. PMID- 3161005 TI - Midazolam: the first water-soluble benzodiazepine. Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and efficacy in insomnia and anesthesia. AB - Midazolam is a 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative with a unique chemical structure: depending on environmental pH, the drug can produce highly water-soluble salts (pH less than 4) or exist in lipophilic diazepine ring-closed form (pH greater than 4). This characteristic contributes to rapid onset of action and to good local tolerance after parenteral administration. After both oral and parenteral administration, midazolam has a fast absorption rate and is rapidly excreted, with a half-life of only about 2 hours. A reasonably good correlation has been found between plasma levels and clinical effects, indicating a fast but brief response. As a hypnotic, midazolam is mainly indicated in insomniac patients with difficulties in falling asleep or having a pathologic sleep pattern during the first half of the night. No marked hangover effects are present the next morning. In anesthesiology, midazolam appears to be a useful, short-acting, sedative anxiolytic and amnesic premedicant after both oral and parenteral administration. In minor surgery, however, the slow, unpredictable onset and variable duration of action, as compared with thiopental, may inhibit its routine use as an induction agent, especially in young patients, without heavy premedication. In major surgery, midazolam is an alternative to thiopental for induction of anesthesia in spite of its slow, variable induction time. Its advantages include good cardiovascular stability, transient and mild respiratory depression, low frequency of venous irritation, production of anterograde amnesia and short duration of action in comparison with other benzodiazepines. PMID- 3161006 TI - [T lymphocytes of peripheral blood-forming EA IgM and EA IgG rosettes in infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 3161007 TI - Quantitative comparison of adverse reactions to cefaclor vs. amoxicillin in a surveillance study. AB - During an 18-month adverse events surveillance period, children with a history of recurrent suspected or proved bacterial infections were treated with either cefaclor (1017 patients, 2513 courses) or amoxicillin (1009 patients, 2358 courses) and followed prospectively to determine the relative incidence and character of adverse events. Patients were from 1 month to 16 years old. Otitis media, the principal diagnosis, occurred in 883 patients (2014 episodes) receiving cefaclor and in 856 (1888 episodes) receiving amoxicillin. Others were diagnosed as having pharyngitis (482 episodes), bronchitis (267 episodes), sinusitis (130 episodes), pneumonia (63 episodes) and urinary tract infection (27 episodes). Adverse events were elicited by telephone during therapy and by follow up for 2 weeks after therapy and were reported in 5.7% of the cefaclor courses and 5.2% of courses of amoxicillin. Serum sickness-like reactions and erythema multiforme occurred in 5 and 6 children, respectively, given cefaclor (1.1%) and in no children given amoxicillin. Children in the cefaclor group had a greater incidence of urticaria. Other adverse experiences, including gastrointestinal events, were approximately equally distributed for the two groups. PMID- 3161009 TI - Effect of ultraviolet radiation on guinea pig epidermal Langerhans cell cytomembrane: light and electron microscopic studies. AB - The epidermal Langerhans cells (ELC) are thought to be the outermost station of the immune system. Their location in the suprabasal layer of the epidermis makes them susceptible to a continuous exposure to ultraviolet irradiation (UVR) and if UVR alters the ELC, this may in turn induce both local and systemic effects. In this paper we have shown that UVA and UVB exposure produced dose-dependent changes of ELC, characterized by disturbance of spatial distribution and aggregation of the ATPase loci located in the ELC cytomembrane after low-dose exposure (1-3 MED), and actual cytomembrane damage after high doses (4-6 MED). UVC exposure, on the other hand, produced effects that were different from those of both UVA and UVB: high UVC doses, in fact, even though able to induce ELC morphological changes, failed to significantly reduce their number. These findings provide ultrastructural evidence of the deleterious effects produced by UVR on ELC. PMID- 3161008 TI - Necrotizing fasciitis of the abdominal wall as a complication of chickenpox. PMID- 3161010 TI - [Electrocardiographic features of right-ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 3161011 TI - [Nocturnal bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3161012 TI - Adverse drug reactions. Scope of the problem. PMID- 3161013 TI - Ketanserin in essential hypertension: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. AB - The antihypertensive effect of the selective serotonin antagonist ketanserin was examined in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study in 20 patients with essential hypertension. After 7 weeks treatment with ketanserin (mean dose 71 mg/d) there was a significant fall of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as compared to placebo, with a peak effect of 19.1/9.1 mmHg lying (P less than 0.01/P less than 0.01), and 16.5/11.3 mmHg standing (P less than 0.01/P less than 0.01); twice daily dosage appeared satisfactory. Subjective side effects were similar in the ketanserin and placebo groups. Ketanserin is an effective antihypertensive drug of moderate potency when given twice daily, with no orthostatic effect. PMID- 3161014 TI - Primary allergy to monocomponent porcine insulin. AB - An allergic reaction, occurring in a patient who has been put on monocomponent insulin for the first time, is extremely rare. A case of primary allergy to monocomponent porcine insulin, and its subsequent management, is described here. PMID- 3161015 TI - The influence of pharmacological manipulation of serotonin on serum growth hormone and luteinizing hormone levels in young turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). AB - Serum growth hormone (GH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were determined by homologous radioimmunoassay in 8 to 10-week-old domestic white turkeys treated by intraperitoneal injection of agents that alter serotonergic activity. The serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), at doses of 80 and 150 mg/kg, produced a dose-related elevation in serum GH (P = .09) and no change in serum LH (P = .30). Administration of fluoxetine (10 mg/kg), a 5-HT reuptake blocker, produced no change in serum GH or LH. When fluoxetine injection preceded the administration of a nonstimulatory dose of 5 HTP, an elevation in GH was observed, but again no change in LH level was evident. Stimulation of postsynaptic 5-HT receptors with quipazine (.5 to 10.0 mg/kg) resulted in a similar elevation in GH; persistence of the effect was dose dependent. Quipazine administration had no influence on serum LH levels. Administration of methysergide (10 or 25 mg/kg), a 5-HT antagonist, induced no change in either serum GH or LH levels. Serotonergic input appears to stimulate GH release and has no apparent influence on LH release in young turkeys. PMID- 3161016 TI - Occupational skin disease. PMID- 3161017 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of tetrasomy 21. AB - Amniocentesis and prenatal diagnosis were done for late maternal age and an abnormality consistent with Tetrasomy 21 (47,XX, + t(21;21] was found in every cell examined of the initial amniotic fluid. Clinical examination revealed a fetus with many of the signs of Down Syndrome and pathological examination revealed gross abnormalities of the internal structures. Follow-up tissues showed mosaic Tetrasomy 21. PMID- 3161018 TI - Secretion and biosynthesis of N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidases by human placental tissues in vitro. AB - Chorionic villi selectively secrete the B isoenzyme and, to a lesser extent, the A isoenzyme of lysosomal beta-hexosaminidase when incubated in vitro, suggesting that this tissue could contribute to maternal serum beta-hexosaminidase B and A activities in vivo. The results make it unlikely, however, that the placenta is the source of the I2 isoenzyme found in maternal serum. Samples of amnion and term chorion laeve secreted predominantly the B isoenzyme whereas first-trimester chorion laeve secreted the A, B and I2 isoenzymes. Amnion and chorion laeve may, therefore, be a source of the A, B and I2 activities found in amniotic fluid. Chorionic villi supported the cycloheximide-sensitive incorporation of [3H]leucine into immunoreactive beta-hexosaminidase thereby providing direct evidence for enzyme biosynthesis. Newly synthesized beta-hexosaminidase was detectable in the medium only after extended incubation and the secretion of beta hexosaminidase activity continued at normal rates for several hours in the absence of protein synthesis. These results indicate that enzyme synthesis is not a primary factor in the regulation of enzyme secretion. PMID- 3161019 TI - [Induction chemotherapy of cancers of the upper respiratory and digestive tract. Analysis of tumor response in 176 patients]. AB - Tumoral responses to 3 courses of induction chemotherapy were investigated in 176 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck previously untreated. The number of responses increased with the number of courses. Thus, out of 79 patients with a more than 50% response after the 3 courses, almost one third had no response after the first course, and 98.8% had a less than 50% response after the second course. In consequence, it may be stated that a 3rd and perhaps a 4th course is justified in patients who responded after 2 courses. There seems to be a poor correlation in responders between clinical and histological results: 68.5% of patients with complete response still had a tumour on the excised tissue. No correlation was found between the influence of T in the TNM clinical classification and that of squamous cell differentiation on the one hand and the macroscopic character of the tumour during response on the other hand. PMID- 3161020 TI - [Effect of alpha-leukocyte interferon on laryngeal papillomatosis in children]. AB - In 16 cases of severe juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis, alpha-leucocyte interferon was injected intramuscularly in doses of 150 000 units/kg three times a week for 6 months. Follow-up endoscopy was performed monthly to evaluate the course of the disease and to destroy all accessible papillomas by electrocoagulation, laser or forceps. Plasma interferon levels were measured monthly by the biological method in 9 of the 16 children. Recurrence of the papillomas was prevented in 11/16 cases during treatment with interferon. The effectiveness of this treatment seemed to be associated with high plasma interferon levels. The drug was perfectly tolerated in 15/16 patients. These results suggest that children with laryngeal papillomatosis would benefit from a further trial with modified and reinforced dosage. PMID- 3161021 TI - [Cancer of the gastric antrum. What can be expected from the systematic enlargement of the excision? Retrospective study of 73 cases]. AB - The results of 73 consecutive curative resections for adenocarcinoma of the gastric antrum (37 distal subtotal gastrectomies and 36 electively extended total gastrectomies) are presented. The location and size of the tumour and the degree of lymph node involvement were similar in both groups (excluding superficial carcinomas), but the patients with subtotal gastrectomy were significantly older than the others (mean age : 70.5 and 59 years respectively). The operative mortality rate was 13.6% in each group, but the post-operative hospital stay was longer for total gastrectomy patients. The five-year survival rate overall (including operative deaths) was 44.3%. There was no difference in survival rate between the two types of operation (49.7% for subtotal, and 45.6% for total gastrectomy, operative deaths excluded). Survival was related to the degree of parietal spread and nodal involvement. These results are in favour of subtotal gastrectomy for antral adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3161022 TI - [Benign paralysis of the last 4 cranial nerves. Arguments in favor of an ischemic mechanism]. AB - The last four cranial nerves are fed by the ascending pharyngeal artery, a branch of the external carotid artery. The fact that paralysis of these nerves may occur immediately after arteriography of the external carotid artery demonstrates that ischaemic truncular neuropathies do exist. The deficit is sudden and usually regressive. Ischaemia may account for regressive paralysis of these nerves reported in diabetes, herpes zoster and after some traumas. Apparently idiopathic and benign paralysis might be due to the same mechanism. All 4 nerves may be affected, or only the IXth, Xth and XIth nerves, or the XIth nerve may be spared, being fed by two arteries. Apart from the obvious case of arteriographic accident, the diagnosis of paralysis of ischaemic origin can only be made after other causes, notably compression, have been excluded, since direct evidence of arterial obstruction is exceptionally obtainable; regression at follow-up is a major argument in favour of ischaemia. PMID- 3161024 TI - [His' bundle tachycardia in a 7-year-old child]. PMID- 3161023 TI - [Silicone biliary prosthesis. 150 cases]. AB - The silicone biliary prosthetic devices presented here are useful not only for biliary bypass but also for transtumoral intubations and to re-establish biliary tract continuity after certain types of excision. They are perfectly well tolerated. In this series of 150 cases, post-operative morbidity and mortality were low and the long-term results excellent. Good results were observed in 95% of patients with cancer of the hilum. Unlike percutaneous or endoscopic prosthetic devices these do not migrate or become obstructed. Survival exceeded 2 years in 60 patients with limited lesions. PMID- 3161025 TI - [Placement of a Greenfield filter in the superior vena cava]. PMID- 3161026 TI - [Fast desensitization to pneumallergens]. PMID- 3161027 TI - [Theophylline-caffeine interaction in bronchial disease patients with cardiac and hepatic failure]. PMID- 3161029 TI - [Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. What clinical importance?]. PMID- 3161028 TI - [Quantitative test for measuring vascular reactivity to cold by the digital plethysmography technic]. PMID- 3161032 TI - [Extensive liver cancer of undetermined origin. Diagnostic procedure]. AB - In patients with isolated malignant tumoral hepatomegaly, the investigations performed should aim at excluding a primary carcinoma of the liver and concentrate on the search for primary tumours belonging to 2 main groups: tumours responsive to hormonal treatment or chemotherapy, and obstructive tumours amenable to local palliative measures. In all cases where simple, essentially clinical examinations fail to indicate the cause of the tumoral liver enlargement, further investigations should be based on the histopathological features of the metastases. PMID- 3161031 TI - [Detection of intra-abdominal suppuration. Value of scintigraphy with indium-111 labeled autologous polynuclears]. AB - Between February, 1982 and August, 1983, 53 patients with symptoms suggestive of post-operative intra-abdominal abscess were explored by scintigraphy with indium 111 labeled autologous polymorphonuclears. The sensitivity and specificity of this method were both 96%. Scintigraphy of course must be preceded by ultrasonic exploration which is of more delicate interpretation as well as less sensitive (60%) and less specific (84%). The results of scintigraphy avoided an unnecessary laparotomy in more than one-half of the patients. PMID- 3161030 TI - [Study of the metabolism of cerebral noradrenaline in depressed patients by the assay of plasma dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol]. AB - Dihydroxy-phenyl-ethylene-glycol (DOPEG or DHPG), a deaminated catabolite of noradrenaline formed after presynaptic re-uptake, is a good marker of metabolic activity in noradrenergic pathways. Plasma levels of free, conjugated and total DOPEG were measured by a radioenzymatic method in 45 patients with major depression selected according to the DSM 3 criteria and in 45 matched controls. A significant decrease in man DOPEG levels was observed in all depressive patients. A dexamethasone suppression test performed in these patients showed no difference in DOPEG levels between responders and non-responders, thus failing to support the hypothesis that subjects with low noradrenergic drive escape suppression. There was no correlation between plasma DOPEG levels and urinary excretion of methoxy-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MOPEG), another marker of noradrenaline metabolic activity. Thirty-one patients were treated with a specific monoaminergic antidepressant: maprotiline or indalpine; contrary to urinary MOPEG levels, plasma DOPEG levels had no predictive value concerning the response to this category of antidepressants. The various possible reasons for the fall in DOPEG observed in depressive patients are discussed. PMID- 3161033 TI - [Intrapleural injection of hyaluronidase in mesothelioma]. PMID- 3161034 TI - [Hereditary coproporphyria with hyponatremia complicated by centropontine myelinolysis]. PMID- 3161035 TI - [An improved treatment of allograft rejection. Rabbit antilymphocyte serum]. PMID- 3161036 TI - [Aseptic sterno-costo-clavicular osteonecrosis after coronary revascularization by the internal mammary artery]. PMID- 3161037 TI - [Ultrasensitive radioimmunoassay of thyrotropin. A revolution in the study of the thyroid?]. PMID- 3161038 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux: is surgery justified in the absence of esophagitis?]. PMID- 3161039 TI - [Pneumococcal cellulitis in an immunosuppressed patient]. PMID- 3161040 TI - [Role of Staphylococcus in septicemia]. PMID- 3161041 TI - [Efficacy of chemotherapy in cerebral metastases of bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 3161042 TI - [Cardiac hemangioma and nonobstructive cardiomyopathy disclosed by myocardial infarction of adiastolic type]. PMID- 3161045 TI - [Clinical study of pergolide in Parkinson's disease]. AB - Pergolide is thought to stimulate both D1 and D2 dopaminergic receptors. Its effects on Parkinson's disease were evaluated in an open trial, using clinical assessment scales and objective tests. Nine patients had previously been treated with L-dopa, but the drug had either gradually lost its effectiveness or produced invalidating side-effects. Pergolide in doses of 2 mg per day considerably and durably improved the parkinsonian symptoms and enabled the patients to reduce L dopa dosage by about 50%. Dyskinesia and "on-off" phenomena partially regressed. Significant improvement was also observed in 3 of 4 patients with Parkinson's disease who had not previously received L-dopa. The side-effects of pergolide were fairly frequent in both groups, but they were relatively mild and reversible. PMID- 3161043 TI - [Cervical tumor with hypercalcemia]. PMID- 3161044 TI - [Acute hepatic steatosis in pregnancy]. PMID- 3161046 TI - [Peritonitis in renal failure patients treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Treatment by intraperitoneal administration of a group M penicillin]. AB - From February 1980 to February 1983, 55 patients with chronic renal failure were put on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Eighty-four episodes of peritonitis occurred., i.e one episode every 9.9 months of treatment. Since staphylococci accounted for 58% of the germs identified, intraperitoneal therapy with a penicillin M was instituted while dialysis was continued through chambers. Cure was obtained in 85.7% of all episodes, either with the penicillin M alone (57% of the cases) or after adjustment of the antibiotic therapy to bacteriological results (28.6% of the cases). Dialysis was discontinued in 10 patients (18%) on account of the peritonitis. The duration of hospital stay for peritonitis was 3.6 days per patient per year. These results were compared with those obtained by other groups. The advantages of penicillin M are its ease of administration, its narrow spectrum and high activity against the pathogens most commonly encountered, and its very low toxicity. PMID- 3161047 TI - [Combination of AMSA-high dose cytosine arabinoside in acute leukemia]. AB - Forty patients with refractory and/or relapsing acute leukaemia were treated with AMSA (90-120 mg/sq m/day) for 5 days combined with high dose cytosine-arabinoside (HDARAC) (3 g/sq m/12 hours) during the first 2 days. Complete remission was obtained in 46% of the 26 cases of acute myelogenous leukaemia, and the complete remission rate was fair (44%) in the 20 patients refractory to conventional induction treatments. The results were less satisfactory in the few patients with other cytological types: there were 2 complete remissions in 10 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and none in 4 patients with blast crisis of chronic myelocytic leukaemia. Haematological toxicity was severe, and 6 patients died during the aplastic phase. No cardiac toxicity associated with AMSA was observed, nor did the ocular, cutaneous or cerebellar side-effects described after longer courses of HDARAC develop. Complete remissions were relatively short, and 11 of 14 remitters relapsed after 2 to 11 months (median 4 months). However, 3 remitters underwent allogenic bone marrow transplantation with 2 surviving. Another patient has a prolonged fourth complete remission with AMSA + HDARAC maintenance treatment. It is concluded that the AMSA-HDARAC combination seems to be one of the best salvage induction regimens in acute myelogenous leukaemia. PMID- 3161048 TI - [Twin pregnancy with acute hepatic steatosis followed by antehypophyseal insufficiency and diabetes insipidus]. AB - A 22-year old woman in the 37th week of her third pregnancy (twins) developed acute fatty liver complicated with a haemorrhagic syndrome from disseminated intravascular coagulation. Two normal girls were delivered by caesarean section. Persistent surgical bleeding required hysterectomy and a short stay in an intensive care unit. The disseminated intravascular coagulation subsided within 8 days. Three weeks after delivery a pituitary insufficiency (Sheehan's syndrome) was diagnosed. A second liver biopsy showed that the lesions had regressed. One week after delivery, the patient developed polyuria and polydipsia. The diagnosis of diabetes insipidus was confirmed by the lack of increase of plasma antidiuretic hormone level during an 8-hour water deprivation test. The pathophysiology of these different syndromes is discussed. Disseminated intravascular coagulation might be the link between hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus. PMID- 3161049 TI - [New biomaterials in orthopedics]. AB - To develop new materials for articular prostheses seems particularly desirable since at present these do not appear to last for more than 1 or 2 decades. Improvements in our knowledge of prosthesis degradation has resulted in new, so called "biomaterials" being proposed to cope with the various factors involved in disinsertion of artificial joints, viz, body tolerance to debris from wear or corrosion (biocompatibility), mechanical properties of the material, such as resistance to fatigue and wear and elasticity (biocompetence) and mechanical principles underlying arthroplasties (biomechanics). Current trends therefore are towards titanium alloys which are both resistant and similar to bone in elasticity, towards friction torques producing fewer or better tolerated debris (aluminium-coated polyethylene) and towards better means of fixation. Owing to the great complexity of tolerance mechanisms and to the functional character of orthopaedic surgery, very stringent testing is required before new products are in clinical use. While these products are slowly made available to surgeons, many significant improvements in existing materials (polyethylene and cements) are being achieved. PMID- 3161050 TI - [Floating venous thrombus, wedged in the tricuspid valve. Ultrasonic diagnosis and surgical treatment]. PMID- 3161051 TI - [Post-traumatic extradural cervical hematoma in a patient with ankylosing spondylarthritis]. PMID- 3161052 TI - [Treatment of Paget's disease by anti-measles vaccination and high dose etidronate]. PMID- 3161053 TI - [A rare cause of digestive hemorrhage in chronic hemodialysis patients. Splenic aneurysm with arteriovenous communication]. PMID- 3161054 TI - [Initial urinary repercussion of cancers of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 3161056 TI - [Myocardial infarction and meteorology]. PMID- 3161057 TI - [Shock after periarticular injection of cortivazol]. PMID- 3161055 TI - [Therapeutic prospects in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3161058 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in carbon monoxide poisoning]. PMID- 3161059 TI - [Intrafamilial renal transplantation in children after donor blood transfusions]. AB - This article represents an update of our experience with deliberate donor specific blood transfusions (D.S.T.) prior to living-related renal transplantation in children. Eighteen recipients with a negative cross- match to donor T and B cells entered the D.S.T. protocol without regard to the results of the mixed lymphocyte cultures and third party transfusion. The D.S.T. procedure involves the administration of fresh packed cells on 2 or 3 separate occasions at 4 weeks intervals. The potential recipient's sensitization is closely monitored against donor's isolated T and B lymphocytes and against a random panel. This immunological monitoring is done 10 to 20 days after each D.S.T. and just prior to grafting. A negative T and B cross-match at 37 degrees C is a pre-requisite for transplantation. Sixteen patients have been transplanted. All kidneys are functioning with follow-ups ranging from 6 to 48 months; 10 patients have normal renal function, 2 of them experienced reversible acute rejection and 6 have chronic rejection. The benefits derived from pretransplant D.S.T. in parental renal transplantation appear to be substantial, although the nature of the various immunological mechanisms remains unclear. PMID- 3161060 TI - [Separation of manic-depressive psychoses and neuroses by a cognitive index]. AB - A free word association quantitative test gave significantly different results in two groups of manic depressive patients (n = 18, n = 33) compared to two groups of neurotics (n = 25, n = 30) and two groups of controls (n = 29, n = 57). The biggest difference was between manic depressed and neurotics. Such measurements are considered to provide an approach to the reality system that differs in manic depressed and neurotics or controls. PMID- 3161062 TI - [Recent data on cerebral circulation and metabolism of the brain in newborn infants]. AB - Recent advances in technology have made it possible to determine cerebral blood flow and metabolism in newborn infants. The mean cerebral blood flow rate falls from 60 to 30 ml/min/100 g during the first 3 hours of life and returns to the initial value after the first week. It increases by about 30% during rapid sleep and feeding. Cerebral blood flow is independent of gestational age and represents 20-25% of cardiac output as against 16% in adults. It is influenced by blood gases and its autoregulation is impaired by asphyxia. Infants with a cerebral blood flow rate below 20 ml/min/100 g are at high risk of leucomalacia. The high metabolic activity of the neonatal brain is reflected in its considerable consumption of oxygen (54% vs 30% in adults) and ketonic bodies which participate for 10% in cerebral energy metabolism. More than 80% of the endogenous glucose is utilized by the brain of neonates despite a transport capacity lower than in adults. In neonatal pathology, it is now possible to investigate cerebral metabolism using positron emission tomography or phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy which provide for better diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of cerebral functions. PMID- 3161061 TI - [Pleural involvement and functional effect of asbestosis in 380 exposed patients]. AB - A large number of pleural abnormalities was detected by radiological and functional monitoring of 380 persons (mean age: 47 years) working in an asbestos processing factory. There were 127 cases of parietal pleura thickening (after 22 1/2 years' exposure), 11 cases of pleural calcifications (after 26 years' exposure) and 29 cases of obliteration of the costophrenic angle. Fourteen images of pulmonary asbestosis were encountered, 7 of which were associated with pleural effusion; they occurred at a mean age of 50 years, after 22 years' exposure. Pleural lesions had a restrictive influence on respiratory function in 24% of the cases and were sometimes painful. Small airway obstruction was detected by flow volume loops in 9% non-smokers with pleural thickening, which suggests that intra radiological lung lesions exist in asbestosis. PMID- 3161064 TI - [The dawn phenomenon in non-insulin-dependent diabetes]. PMID- 3161063 TI - [Endotracheal tube for laryngeal CO2 laser microsurgery. 208 cases]. AB - To suppress the risk inherent in laryngeal microsurgery performed with a CO2 laser beam, the authors suggest to use a reinforced silicone endotracheal tube, the cuff of which is protected by a silicone plus aluminium powder shield. The resistance of silicone to fire is augmented during laser shots by a nitrogen flow on the upper side of the shield at the rates of 2 l/min in patients breathing air and 30 l/min in patients give oxygen. PMID- 3161065 TI - [Acute cardiac liver]. PMID- 3161066 TI - [Ketoacidosis without hyperglycemia in a diabetic patient treated with the portable insulin infusion pump]. PMID- 3161067 TI - [Changes in triiodothyronine and its reverse form in elderly patients with or without malnutrition]. PMID- 3161068 TI - [Myoglobinemia in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3161070 TI - [Tolerance to catheterization of the radial artery]. PMID- 3161069 TI - [Open intraperitoneal perforation of the colon in Crohn's disease]. PMID- 3161071 TI - [Localized eosinophilic myositis]. PMID- 3161072 TI - [Treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning with normo- and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Value of a controlled study]. PMID- 3161074 TI - Thermodynamic and kinetic cooperativity in ligand binding to multiple sites on a protein: Ca2+ activation of an ATP-driven Ca pump. AB - Contrary to common belief, theoretical analysis does not predict any necessary relationship between cooperativity in the equilibrium binding of an ion to multiple binding sites on a protein and cooperativity in the kinetic activation of a reaction for which such binding is prerequisite. The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca pump protein, for example, has two high-affinity binding sites for Ca2+, here considered to be nearly identical and independent. Equilibrium binding to these sites can be highly cooperative in spite of site-independence, as demonstrated by the well-known allosteric mechanism based on Wyman's principle of linked functions. We show in this paper that kinetic activation of the pump reaction cycle by binding of Ca2+ to these same sites can likewise be a cooperative function of Ca2+ concentration but that the criteria that determine cooperativity in the two situations are different. It is possible to observe kinetic cooperativity without concomitant cooperativity in equilibrium binding and vice versa. Application of these theoretical considerations to experimental data for the pump protein raises questions about the Ca2+ binding mechanism. PMID- 3161073 TI - Direct demonstration of structural changes in soluble, monomeric Ca2+-ATPase associated with Ca2+ release during the transport cycle. AB - The time courses of changes in protein conformation and Ca2+ binding in the phosphorylated state of membrane-bound and soluble monomeric Ca2+-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum have been examined at pH 8.0, 2 degrees C. The transition from ADP-sensitive to ADP-insensitive phosphoenzyme occurs in the soluble monomer as well as in membranous Ca2+-ATPase and is accompanied by an increase in fluorescence from 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrocyclohexyldienylidine)-adenosine diphosphate bound to the catalytic site and change in tryptic cleavage pattern. A decrease of Ca2+ affinity occurs simultaneously with the fluorescence rise, suggesting a single-step mechanism for energy transfer between the catalytic site and the Ca2+ transport sites. This is in accordance with the tryptic degradation pattern that suggests proximity between the phosphorylation site and Ca2+ transport sites on the peptide. The structural changes occurring in the soluble monomeric Ca2+-ATPase show that a single polypeptide chain is the functional unit in energy transduction. PMID- 3161075 TI - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against Chlamydomonas flagellar dyneins by high-resolution protein blotting. AB - Monoclonal antibodies that recognize individual polypeptides of the outer arm dyneins of Chlamydomonas flagella were obtained and used to study the structural relationships between the various polypeptides. Immunoblot analysis showed that the gamma heavy chain of 12S dynein and the alpha and beta heavy chains and Mr 69,000 intermediate chain of 18S dynein each contain immunoreactive sites not found in the other dynein chains or in any other axonemal protein. We also used these antibodies to investigate possible structural similarities between dynein polypeptides from Chlamydomonas and phylogenetically distant species. No crossreactivity was observed with antibodies against either the alpha, beta, or gamma heavy chains, demonstrating that each Chlamydomonas heavy chain has structural features distinct from those present in dyneins from the other species tested. However, one antibody against the Mr 69,000 polypeptide recognized an intermediate chain (Mr 76,000) of latent-activity dynein-1 from the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla. This result provides further evidence that 18S dynein and latent-activity dynein-1 are related. In the course of the above studies, we modified existing procedures to achieve efficient transfer of high molecular weight proteins from NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets, and to detect small quantities of protein on nitrocellulose. Our modified procedure for staining total protein on nitrocellulose is rapid, inexpensive, and as sensitive as silver-staining of polyacrylamide gels. These methods should be useful to investigators working with small amounts of protein or requiring resolution of closely migrating polypeptides after transfer to nitrocellulose. PMID- 3161076 TI - Homology requirements for recombination in Escherichia coli. AB - The DNA sequence homology required for recombination in Escherichia coli has been determined by measuring the recombination frequency between insulin DNA in a miniplasmid pi VX and a homologous sequence in a bacteriophage lambda vector. A minimum of approximately equal to 20 base pairs in a completely homologous segment is required for significant recombination. There is an exponential increase in the frequency of recombination when the length of homologous DNA is increased from 20 base pairs to 74 base pairs and an apparently linear increase with longer DNA segments. Mismatches within a homologous segment can dramatically decrease the frequency of recombination. Thus, the process of recombination is sensitive to the length of precisely base-paired segments between recombining homologues. PMID- 3161077 TI - Involvement of helicase II (uvrD gene product) and DNA polymerase I in excision mediated by the uvrABC protein complex. AB - The bimodal-incision nature of the reaction of UV-irradiated DNA catalyzed by the Escherichia coli uvrABC protein complex potentially leads to excision of a 12- to 13-nucleotide-long damaged fragment. However, the oligonucleotide fragment containing the UV-induced pyrimidine dimer is not released under nondenaturing in vitro reaction conditions. Also, the uvrABC proteins are stably bound to the incised DNA and do not turn over after the incision event. In this communication it is shown that release of the damaged fragment from the parental uvrABC-incised DNA is dependent upon either chelating conditions or the simultaneous addition of the uvrD gene product (helicase II) and the polA gene product (DNA polymerase I) when polymerization of deoxynucleoside triphosphate substrates is concomitantly catalyzed. The product of this multiprotein-catalyzed series of reactions serves as a substrate for polynucleotide ligase, resulting in the restoration of the integrity of the strands of DNA. The addition of the uvrD protein to the incised DNA-uvrABC complex also results in turnover of the uvrC protein. It is suggested that the repair processes of incision, excision, resynthesis, and ligation are coordinately catalyzed by a complex of proteins in a "repairosome" configuration. PMID- 3161078 TI - Human class I alcohol dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidation of glycols in the metabolism of norepinephrine. AB - Investigations of the function of human liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in norepinephrine metabolism have revealed that class I ADH catalyzes the oxidation of the intermediary alcohols 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl glycol (HMPG) and 3,4 dihydroxyphenyl glycol (DHPG) in vitro. The kcat/Km values for the individual homogeneous class I isozymes are generally in the range from 2.0 to 10 mM-1 X min 1, slightly lower than those obtained for ethanol oxidation, 16-66 mM-1 X min-1, but considerably higher than those obtained for ethylene glycol oxidation, 0.23 1.5 mM-1 X min-1. Importantly, HMPG and DHPG are not substrates for the class II or class III ADHs. 4-Methylpyrazole and 1,10-phenanthroline inhibit the class I ADH-catalyzed oxidation of HMPG, DHPG, and ethanol with inhibition constants of 75-90 nM and 19-22 microM, respectively, indicating that these substrates interact at the same catalytic site of ADH. Moreover, ethanol inhibits the oxidation of HMPG. The competition of ethanol with HMPG for ADH provides a basis for the in vivo changes observed in norepinephrine metabolism after acute ethanol intake. Any assessment of norepinephrine function through the study of metabolites in peripheral body fluid must include monitoring the oxidation of HMPG by ADH. PMID- 3161079 TI - A role for suppressor T cells in induction of self-tolerance. AB - The potential role of suppressor T cells (Ts) in the induction of self-tolerance was investigated by eliminating I-J+ cells during ontogeny (I-J antigens are encoded by the I-J subregion of the murine major histocompatibility complex). To achieve this, F1 mice were exposed to anti-I-J antibodies via the transplacental route by mating B10.A(3R) females, preimmunized with B10.A(5R) cells, with CBA males. At 6 weeks of age, the offspring were injected with rat erythrocytes (RRBC) to induce erythrocyte autoantibodies. By comparison with age-matched controls, Ts-depleted mice produced significantly higher titers of autoantibody, whereas there was no difference in the antibody response of the two groups to the foreign determinants on the RRBC. The selective increase in autoantibody production was mirrored at the clonal level by the appearance of self-reactive B cell hybridomas after fusion of RRBC-immune spleen cells with the NS-1 cell line. On the other hand, when helper cell function of RRBC-primed cells was measured in a T-cell proliferative assay, Ts depletion in utero resulted in enhanced T-cell activity to nonself (RRBC) but not to self (mouse erythrocyte) determinants. Thus, helper T cells recognizing nonself determinants on RRBC appeared to be responsible for activating self-specific B cells, presumably through linked recognition of different epitopes on mouse erythrocytes. Taken together, these findings indicate that elimination of I-J+ cells during ontogeny can lead to the appearance and activation of "forbidden" B-cell clones and points to a central role for Ts in induction as well as maintenance of self-tolerance. PMID- 3161083 TI - Reduction of blood pressure and increased diuresis and natriuresis during chronic infusion of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF Arg 101-Tyr 126) in conscious one kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats. AB - Conscious one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats and their normotensive controls were infused during 7 days with synthetic ANF (Arg 101-Tyr 126) at 100 ng/hr/rat (35 pmol/hr/rat) by means of osmotic minipumps. The basal blood pressure of 193 +/- 6 mmHg gradually declined to 145 +/- 6 mmHg at day 4 after the infusion was started. No changes in blood pressure were observed in ANF-infused normotensive rats. A significantly higher diuresis and natriuresis was observed in ANF-infused hypertensive rats when compared to the non-treated hypertensive group. No such changes were observed in ANF-treated normotensive animals. No differences in PRA were seen in any group. Atrial immunoreactive ANF was significantly lower in one kidney, one-clip rats than in the normotensive animals, but whether this is the reflection of an increased release in the circulation remains to be elucidated. It is suggested that the hypotensive response of one-kidney, one-clip animals to ANF may be secondary to a dual mechanism, vasodilatation and volume depletion. PMID- 3161084 TI - Experimental intestinal microflora in mice with a changeable population size of E. coli. PMID- 3161081 TI - Mass distribution of a probable tail-length-determining protein in bacteriophage T4. AB - Analysis of dark-field scanning transmission electron micrographs of unstained freeze-dried specimens established that the interior of the intact bacteriophage T4 tail tube contains extra density that is missing in tubes artificially emptied by treatment with 3 M guanidine hydrochloride. The mass of the tail tube is 3.1 X 10(6) daltons, and the central channel is 3.2 nm in diameter. Quantitative analysis of the density data is consistent with the presence of up to six strands of a protein molecule in the central channel that could serve as the template or ruler structure that determines the length of the bacteriophage tail and that could be injected into the cell with the phage DNA. PMID- 3161082 TI - Demonstration of T-cell-dependent and T-cell-independent components of 8 mercaptoguanosine-mediated adjuvanticity. AB - The contribution of T cells to potentiation of humoral immunity by the C8 substituted guanine ribonucleosides and the origin of the increased numbers of antigen-responsive B cells generated consequent to their action have been investigated. Augmentation of the antigen-specific antibody response by these nucleosides, exemplified by 8-mercaptoguanosine (8MGuo), can be separated into T cell-dependent and T-cell-independent components, both by use of the T-cell tropic immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A, and by experiments using separated populations of T and B cells. Augmentation of adjuvanticity by T cells is hypothesized to involve a B-cell subpopulation not otherwise subject to the action of 8MGuo. This subpopulation could potentially arise by either of two mechanisms, one whereby preexisting antigen-specific B cells undergo clonal expansion, and one in which cells not normally participating in the response are recruited in the absence of clonal expansion. Although the former mechanism makes a minor contribution to adjuvanticity, the latter mechanism appears to be the dominant one, insofar as models in which 8MGuo-induced proliferation fails to occur (such as after irradiation, or in the SJL mouse) nonetheless exhibit strong adjuvant effects. Analysis of precursor frequency of antigen-specific B cells indicates that for each mature, antigen-responsive B cell present in adult murine spleen, an average of four additional cells can be recruited by the conjoint actions of antigen and 8MGuo. One group subject to such recruitment is the immature antigen-specific B cell, whose degree of functional maturity is accelerated in the presence of antigen and 8MGuo. PMID- 3161080 TI - Defective antitermination of rRNA transcription and derepression of rRNA and tRNA synthesis in the nusB5 mutant of Escherichia coli. AB - The nusB5 mutant of Escherichia coli was originally selected for reduced ability to support the antitermination of transcription that is mediated by the gene N product of bacteriophage lambda. By analyzing pulse-labeled RNA with an RNA.DNA filter hybridization technique, we have shown that, in the nusB5 mutant, the ratio of promoter-proximal rRNA transcripts to promoter-distal transcripts is increased at least by a factor of 1.6; that is, in the absence of the functional nusB gene product, premature transcription termination takes place within rRNA operons. These results demonstrate that rRNA transcription in E. coli utilizes an antitermination mechanism that has at least one factor in common with the phage lambda system, the nusB gene product. We have also observed that the transcription initiation frequency at rRNA promoters is increased in the nusB5 strain and that this strain accumulates 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits at approximately the same rate as the parent. Thus, it appears that E. coli compensates for premature termination of rRNA transcription by derepressing rRNA operon expression. The increase in rRNA promoter activity in the nusB5 mutant is accompanied by a parallel derepression of synthesis of tRNAs that are not encoded by rRNA operons. These results are consistent with a model for negative feedback regulation of rRNA and tRNA synthesis by products of rRNA operons. PMID- 3161085 TI - Inhibition of bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract by nonspecific immunostimulation. PMID- 3161087 TI - Norfloxacin for selective decontamination: a study in human volunteers. AB - During five consecutive days three different dosages of 200, 400 and 800 mg norfloxacin were administered to ten healthy males. Cultures of feces and oral washings revealed that even the lowest dose was effective in eliminating gram negative bacilli from the gi-tract within a reasonable period of time. At this dose signs of a decreased CR due to norfloxacin and measured by both overgrowth by resistant ppmo or the appearance of beta-asp-gly in feces were not seen. Treatment with 100 mg norfloxacin twice daily seems therefore suitable for SDD, at least in volunteers. However, further studies in patients should be performed. PMID- 3161086 TI - Selective decontamination of the digestive tract by norfloxacin. A preliminary report. PMID- 3161089 TI - Inhibition of human colon tumor growth in nude mice by indomethacin. PMID- 3161088 TI - The effect of selective decontamination of the gi-tract of mice on the survival of intestinal mucosa during X-irradiation. PMID- 3161090 TI - Immune responses to mono-associated Bifidobacterium longum in mice. PMID- 3161091 TI - Isolation of suppressor-like T cells from bacteria-free allogeneic bone marrow chimeras. PMID- 3161092 TI - Progress of gnotobiology in Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. PMID- 3161093 TI - A seven years breeding of S.P.F. nude mice in isolators experience: effects of vitamin K deficiency in diet. PMID- 3161094 TI - A facilitatory role for serotonin in the sexual behavior of the female rat. AB - The peripheral administration of the serotonin type 2 receptor (5-HT2) antagonist pirenperone inhibited sexual receptivity in ovariectomized female rats primed either chronically with estradiol benzoate (EB), or acutely with EB plus varying doses of progesterone. An inhibition occurred at 50, 100 and 150 but not 25 micrograms/kg pirenperone. Increasing the dose of progesterone did not attenuate the inhibitory effect of pirenperone. Two other 5-HT2 antagonists, ketanserin (2.5 mg/kg) and spiperone (250 micrograms/kg), also inhibited receptivity in females primed with EB and progesterone. The inhibitory effect of pirenperone on receptivity was attenuated by the 5-HT agonist quipazine (3 mg/kg), though quipazine alone had no effect on receptivity. Whereas the 5-HT antagonist methysergide (3 mg/kg) failed to have an effect on receptivity in EB-primed females, methysergide co-administered with quipazine facilitated receptivity. Pirenperone also inhibited proceptivity in females primed with EB and progesterone. Although quipazine did not attenuate the pirenperone-induced inhibition of proceptivity, quipazine alone increased proceptivity. Moreover, quipazine facilitated proceptivity in EB-primed rats whether progesterone was present or absent. The results suggest that 5-HT may serve both a facilitatory and inhibitory role in female sexual behavior, perhaps reflecting 5-HT2 and 5-HT1 receptor activity, respectively. PMID- 3161095 TI - Impairment of motor coordination induced by doxorubicin in mice. AB - The neurotoxic effects of a single intraperitoneal or intravenous injection of doxorubicin were evaluated in CD1 mice by means of the rotarod test. The test was performed daily for nine weeks after treatment. For both routes of administration, animals were treated with various doxorubicin dosages ranging from 18 to 5.9 mg/kg. The three higher i.v. doses (18, 14.4 and 12.5 mg/kg) of doxorubicin induced a severe motor coordination impairment. The histopathological analysis of these animals showed severe damage of sensory nerves. On the contrary, all the i.p. treated animals did not show any sign of motor impairment and of appreciable neurohistological lesion. PMID- 3161097 TI - Porous detachable whirlpool seat for improving patient comfort. Suggestion from the field. PMID- 3161096 TI - Comparison of some new positive inotropic agents in guinea pigs. AB - The pithed guinea pig is introduced as a model for evaluating positive inotropic and vasodilator effects of substances. The model was characterized by means of ouabain, isoprenaline and hydralazine. In this model, the effects of some new noncatecholamine, nonglycoside positive inotropic agents were compared with respect to an increase in LV-dp/dtmax, effects on heart rate and vasodilator effects. Comparing equieffective doses (inducing an increase in LV-dp/dtmax by 1,000 mm Hg/s), the rank order of potency was AR-L 100 greater than AR-L 57 greater than MDL-17043 greater than AR-L 115 greater than amrinone. The investigated substances also exhibited vasodilating effects. Comparing the doses which decreased diastolic blood pressure by 25 mm Hg, the order of potency was AR L 57 greater than AR-L 115 greater than MDL-17043 greater than amrinone greater than AR-L 100. PMID- 3161098 TI - Measurement system for low back contour. Suggestion from the field. PMID- 3161100 TI - The relations between erythrocytic and CNS parameters following postnatal hypobaric hypoxia of the rat. AB - In the present paper the relations between selected erythrocytic criteria and alterations of biochemical brain parameters following hypoxia were investigated in order to find out the relevance of erythrocytic criteria for the diagnosis of hypoxia-induced alterations of the CNS during development. Newborn Wistar rats (n = 80) with their mother were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia, pO2 = 11.3 kPa, from day 2-10 of life, daily for 11 h. On the 11th day of life the animals had a lower body (38%), liver (33%) and brain (17%) weight, an increased number of reticulocytes, a lower median density of peripheral red blood cells (rbc) and an increased packed cell volume (PCV) indicating stimulation of erythropoiesis. Hypoxia caused a decrease of protein concentration, of AChE activity and of the amount of DNA in the brain tissue. In addition to these parameters the cholesterol level and the protein/DNA ratio are diminished and the carboanhydrase activity is increased in the cortex. In order to quantify the changes of various brain parameters in each animal in the sense of altered development a score of these results was calculated. It can be concluded that the hypoxia-induced changes of erythrocytic parameters correlate with those of the neurochemical indices. PMID- 3161099 TI - Response of the rat cardiovascular system to a moderate altitude in connection with endurance training. AB - The authors investigated whether an altitude of 1,350 m would affect the rat cardiovascular system in the same way as genuine altitude hypoxia and the way it would take effect when combined with endurance training in the form of swimming It was found that 8 weeks spent at this altitude led to an increase in absolute and relative heart weight, to right ventricular hypertrophy, and to increased resistance of the myocardium to acute anoxia. Physical training at a moderate altitude resulted in an increase in the relative weight of the musculature of both the right and the left ventricle and of the septum. Unlike low altitude training, however, growth of the two compartments of the heart was proportional. The resistance of the myocardium of trained animals against anoxia was the same, irrespective of whether they trained at a low or a high altitude. The results show that even a moderate altitude is not a matter of indifference for the rat organism, but that it leads to characteristic manifestations of altitude hypoxia in the cardiovascular system. PMID- 3161101 TI - Oxidation of acetoacetate and palmitylcarnitine by brain and liver mitochondria from suckling and adult rats. AB - Experiments in which we investigated the possible oxidative utilization of lipoid substrates by brain and liver mitochondria were carried out with rats aged 5 and 90 days, kept under completely standardized conditions. Brain mitochondria were isolated on a Ficoll gradient after Clark and Nicklas (1970). Respiratory activity (or the respiratory control index-R.C.) was determined in the manner described in an earlier paper (Dobesova and Mourek 1980). Na succinate or Na malate was used as the testing substrate; palmityl carnitine, acetyl carnitine and acetoacetate were used as lipoid substrates. Oxygen consumption was measured with a Clark's oxygen electrode and respiration was expressed in nAt oxygen per min per mg protein, which was measured by the method of Lowry et al. (1951). When using succinate or malate, in agreement with our previous results we did not find any development changes in the respiratory activity of the brain mitochondria. The oxidation of acetoacetate by the brain mitochondria of 5-day-old rats was about five times greater, and of acetyl carnitine over two times greater, compared with the CNS mitochondria of adult rats. The oxidative utilization of lipoid substrates by the liver mitochondria of 5-day-old rats was significantly greater than their utilization by CNS mitochondria (in the case of palmityl carnitine three times greater, for example) and was always significantly greater than in the liver mitochondria of adult rats. We demonstrated that mitochondria isolated from the brain of 5-day-old rats are equipped with an enzymatic apparatus which allows them to utilize lipoid substrates on a significantly greater scale than in adulthood. PMID- 3161102 TI - Activity of bulbar respiratory neurones during cough and other respiratory tract reflexes in cats. AB - Changes evoked by mechanical stimulation of the relevant parts of the respiratory tract in the activity of inspiratory and expiratory neurones in the ventral respiratory group of the medulla oblongata, and in pleural pressure and the diaphragmatic electromyogram, were determined during cough, sneeze and the aspiration and expiration reflexes in 17 anaesthetized (but not paralysed) cats. The results of 72 tests of elicitation of the given reflexes showed that: Compared with the control inspiration, both the mean and the maximum discharge frequency of spontaneously active inspiratory neurones rose during the inspiratory phase of cough, sneeze and the aspiration reflex. Regular recruitment of new inspiratory units was also observed in the inspiratory phase of cough and the aspiration reflex. Compared with the control expiration, both the mean and the maximum discharge frequency of spontaneously active expiratory neurones rose during the cough, sneeze and expiration reflex effort. Recruitment of latent expiratory neurones was always observed in the expulsive phase of the given respiratory processes. The recruitment of latent expiratory neurones was accompanied by reciprocal inhibition of the activity of inspiratory units and recruitment of latent inspiratory neurones by inhibition of the activity of expiratory units and recruitment of latent inspiratory neurones by inhibition of the activity of expiratory units. Regular recruitment of the same expiratory neurones in all expulsive respiratory processes, together with the similar incidence of inspiratory neurones in the inspiratory phase of sneeze and the aspiration reflex, indicates that they are "nonspecific" in character. PMID- 3161103 TI - Renal excretory function after renal denervation and administration of diuretics to unanaesthetized dogs evaluated by a mathematical model for describing the dynamics of the excretory process. AB - A mathematical model has been employed for describing the cumulative curve of excretion after diuretic administration. The program, developed in accordance with the model and the criteria of evaluation, allows an easy and rapid comparison of the effects of different kinds of diuretics in different doses. The experiments were carried out prior to and after left kidney denervation in unanaesthetized dogs with exteriorized ureters. Acetazolamide 3.0 mg/kg b.w., Furosemide 0.2 mg/kg b.w. or Amiloride 1.0 mg/kg b.w. were injected intravenously. The amount of excreted urine as well as of sodium, chloride and potassium was studied. No statistically significant differences in the dynamics of renal excretory function between the denervated and innervated kidneys were observed after the administration of Acetazolamide and Amichloride. After Furosemide, the flow-rate during maximum diuresis and the maximum chloride excretion rate were greater in the denervated kidney. No statistically significant differences were noted in sodium excretion. It appears that the greater part of compensatory reabsorption in the distal tubules of the denervated kidney takes place in the zone up to macula densa. PMID- 3161104 TI - The renal response of sheep to a low dietary nitrogen intake. AB - Renal functions were tested in sheep fed on a low nitrogen diet (LN sheep), with a daily N intake of 4.7 g (gross energy 17.76 . 10(6) J). Sheep given a high nitrogen diet (HN sheep) with 21.2 g N (24.12 . 10(6) J) acted as the control. The functions of the left kidney were measured in anaesthetized animals by the standard clearance technique. A comparison of HN and LN sheep showed that a low nitrogen intake led to a drop in the plasma urea level (from 5.91 +/- 0.35 to 2.87 +/- 0.36 mmol.1-1, (P less than 0.001), the glomerular filtration rate (GFR, from 36.6 +/- 3.6 to 20.7 +/- 2.4 ml.min-1, P less than 0.005), amount of urea excreted (from 106.7 +/- 18.1 to 15.7 +/- 3.3 mumol.min-1, P less than 0.001), fractional urea excretion (from 51.0 +/- 3.0 to 24.6 +/- 3.1 %, P less than 0.001) and the absolute tubular reabsorption of urea (Reaburea/GFR (from 3.06 +/- 0.27 to 2.12 +/- 0.28 mumol.ml-1, P less than 0.05), without a significant change in the effective renal plasma flow (182.6 +/- 20.0 and 138.5 +/- 21.0 ml.min-1, non-significant - N.S.) and in sodium and potassium excretory function. Free water clearance rose in LN sheep (from -0.53 +/- 0.11 to -0.19 +/- 0.06 ml.min-1, P less than 0.05) owing to inhibited urea excretion. A regression analysis of the relationship of the tubular reabsorption of urea to the amount of filtered urea (both normalized to the GFR) showed that the urea transport capacity of the tubules of LN sheep was significantly higher.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3161105 TI - Effect of prednisolone on the rat bone calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentration. AB - Adult male rats were given prednisolone (Urbason solubile = 6-methyl prednisolone) in doses of 4 mg/100 g body weight for 10, 20 or 30 days and its effect on the calcium, phosphorus and magnesium content of their femurs was studied. At all the given intervals a statistically significant decrease in the magnesium content of the bone was found; the calcium content was significantly reduced only in the first phase of the experiment (at 10 days). PMID- 3161107 TI - The hypoxanthine level in cord blood--a potential indicator of foetal hypoxia. AB - Hypoxia is one of the commonest causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The worst affected are tissues with high oxygen consumption, in particular nervous tissue (Trojan 1978). Criteria enabling prompt and reliable evaluation of the length and intensity of hypoxia are therefore being sought (Saugstad 1975a,b, Tuchschmidt et al .1981, O'Connor et al. 1981a,b). In recent years, conflicting information has appeared in the literature on the possibilities of utilizing the hypoxanthine and xanthine level in body fluids as an indicator of oxygen deficiency (Saugstad 1975a, Tuchschmidt et al. 1981). We therefore tested this criterion in newborn infants at risk from intrauterine hypoxia. PMID- 3161106 TI - Determination of physiological casein and wheat gluten protein requirements of adult rats aged 75-89 days. AB - Mounting doses of casein and wheat gluten protein (from 0% to 40% in the diet) were given to adult male rats aged 75-89 days for 14 days. The optimum physiological daily dose, determined from changes in body nitrogen, body water and body weight, was 2.76 g/d for casein protein (corresponding to a 10% casein protein diet) and 3.67 g/d for wheat gluten protein (corresponding to a 15% gluten protein diet). Determined from body weight changes, the daily maintaining dose of casein or wheat gluten protein was 1.054 and 1.511 mg/d respectively, from body nitrogen changes 970 and 1.514 mg/d and from body water changes 1.124 and 1.637 mg/d. Compared with newly weaned animals aged 35-49 days, the optimum physiological daily dietary protein doses for adult animals fall, while the maintaining doses rise. PMID- 3161108 TI - Circadian rhythm of ketone bodies in the blood of fasting rats. AB - SPF male Wistar rats were kept under standard conditions with a light: dark schedule of 12:12 h. The total ketone body concentration was determined in the blood, and the non-esterified fatty acid level in the serum, of fed rats and of animals which had fasted 24 and 48 h. The amount of ketone bodies in fed rats rose in the second half of the light period and fell with the onset of the dark period. After a 24 h fast, the amount of ketone bodies in the blood rose, but the basic characteristics of the curve and the rhythm remained the same as in fed animals. After a 48 h fast, the mean ketone body concentration was decoupled, a significant phase shift occurred and the rhythm was lost. No relationship between the oscillations of the total ketone body concentration in the blood and the oscillations of the serum non-esterified fatty acid level was found. PMID- 3161109 TI - Study of the effect of Edikron on the immune system. AB - Using the nucleolar test, the authors investigated the effects of the new Czechoslovak cytostatic agent Edikron (gamma, gamma-bis[4-ethylphenyl]-alpha, beta-dibromisocrotonic acid] on Wistar rats. The test showed that Edikron, administered perorally in the dose of 100 mg/kg BW per day for 5 days, affects neither the number of leukocytes nor the proteosynthetic activity of peripheral lymphocytes. The serum levels of Edikron, assessed with the aid of HPLC method 90 min after its last administration, averaged 14.03 +/- 1.63 micrograms/ml serum. Histological examination of the spleen, lymph nodes and thymus of the experimental and control groups also failed to detect any changes. However, the administration of Edikron elicited a statistically significant rise of erythrocytes in the experimental group, but the reason for that has not so far been ascertained. PMID- 3161110 TI - Serum lysozyme (muramidase) levels in healthy subjects aged 10-90 years. AB - Lysozyme (LYS) levels were tested in the serum of 1,399 subjects (670 males, 729 females). A curve was plotted from the mean values. In our series, both sexes attained their highest peak at about 10 years. Between 21 and 30 years the curves of the two sexes began to diverge and in the 31- to 40-year decade the male curve attained a second maximum. This inter-sex difference was highly significant (P less than 0.01). Between 41 and 50 years the LYS values of the two sexes began to come closer again and from the 51- to 60-year decade they ran parallel with each other without deviating. The significance of the two courses is discussed. PMID- 3161111 TI - Thyroxine cardiomegaly in rats is not hypertension-bound. AB - For 13-27 days, male rats were given dried thyroid (Thyreoidin SPOFA) in their food, 0.9% NaCl to drink instead of water, or both. In all the experiments, Thyreoidin induced pronounced cardiomegaly. The blood pressure rose only after 0.9% NaCl combined with Thyreoidin and only in experiments lasting 13 or 16 days (not 25 and 27 days). After three weeks of the experiment, therefore, hypertension disappeared, but cardiomegaly persisted. In all the experimental groups, including the controls, a significant positive correlation was found between heart weight and adrenal weight, but not between heart weight and blood pressure or between adrenal weight and blood pressure. The adrenals may thus participate in some way in the development of thyroxine cardiomegaly. PMID- 3161112 TI - Photoradiation therapy of cutaneous angiosarcomas in mice. AB - Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a relatively rare but devastating malignant vascular tumor. It has a high incidence of recurrence following conventional therapeutic modalities applied either singly or in combination. The increased vascularity of cutaneous angiosarcomas, facilitating selective uptake and retention of a photosensitizing agent, such as hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD), suggests that these tumors would respond well to photoradiation therapy. To study the feasibility of this treatment modality, transplantable hemangiosarcomas were implanted in B6C3F1 female mice. Within 2.5 to 3.5 hours after intraperitoneal administration of HPD, fluorescence was recorded in the tumor as compared with surrounding normal skin. When these photosensitized tumors were exposed to 70 J/cm2 of laser energy from an argon-pumped dye laser at 630 nm, the tumors showed marked necrosis within 24 hours. In another series, the tumors were initially photosensitized with HPD for 3 hours and then treated with laser energy ranging from 0 to 96 J/cm2. A dual labeling procedure demonstrated a dose-related decrease in DNA synthesis rate in tumors that were exposed to 0 to 30 J/cm2 at 24 hours after treatment. Furthermore, tumor tissue exposed to laser energy in excess of 30 J/cm2 showed no significant cellular DNA synthesis. These data, supported by histologic evidence of tissue destruction, suggest that photoradiation therapy has a great potential as a therapeutic modality for cutaneous angiosarcomas. PMID- 3161113 TI - Newer uses of NSAIDS. PMID- 3161114 TI - Effects of 8-OH-DPAT, lisuride and some ergot-related compounds on the acoustic startle response in the rat. AB - Five ergot-related compounds were examined for their effects on the acoustic startle response in the rat. The startle amplitude and the startle latency were registered. 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT; 0.5-8 mg/kg) and lisuride (0.05-0.8 mg/kg) were found to enhance the startle amplitude, while the mainly DA receptor active ergot derivatives pergolide (0.2-0.8 mg/kg), bromocriptine (5-20 mg/kg) and LY 141865 (5-20 mg/kg) had no, or even the reverse, effect. All five compounds caused a prolongation of the startle latency. The increased startle amplitude caused by 8-OH-DPAT (2 mg/kg) and lisuride (0.2 mg/kg) was successfully antagonized by the 5-HT receptor antagonist methiothepin (0.1 mg/kg) but not by metergoline (1 mg/kg). 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan (L-5-HTP; 12.5-50 mg/kg), administered to pargyline- and benserazide-pretreated animals, was included for comparison. The serotonin precursor caused a marked increase in the startle amplitude and a shortening of the startle latency. PMID- 3161115 TI - Low doses of the putative serotonin agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) elicit feeding in the rat. AB - The effects of the putative serotonin agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) on food intake in non-deprived male rats were investigated. Low doses of 8-OH-DPAT (15-60 micrograms/kg) significantly increased food intake, without affecting drinking, grooming, rearing or locomotion. Microstructural analysis of the elicited feeding behaviour revealed that the rate of eating after 8-OH-DPAT treatment was very similar to that previously reported following 16 h food deprivation. Higher drug doses (250-4,000 micrograms/kg) also elicited feeding and caused locomotor stimulation and serotonin-related stereotyped behaviour (i.e. forepaw padding, headweaving, wet dog shakes, flat body posture). When feeding and stereotypy were observed concurrently, response competition was evident and feeding behaviour was fragmented into numerous short eating bouts. As drug-induced stereotypy declined with time, this fragmented pattern of eating was succeeded by long bouts of eating which were similar to those observed at doses of 15-60 micrograms/kg 8-OH-DPAT. The induction of feeding by a serotonin agonist appears paradoxical, since drugs which enhance brain serotonergic activity usually inhibit feeding. PMID- 3161117 TI - [Lethal and mutagenic action of incorporated 5-3H-cytosine on extracellular phage lambda]. AB - A study was made of the lethal and mutagenic effects on extracellular phage gamma of 5-3H-cytosine incorporated into DNA. The efficiencies of inactivation by incorporated 3H were equal for 5-3H-cytosine and [3H-methyl]-thymidine, but the yield of c-mutations for the former was 14 times higher. The lethal and mutagenic effects of incorporated 5-3H-cytosine did not depend on ung mutation of host cells which caused a deficiency in uracil-DNA-glycosylase. The mutagenic effect was not enhanced when SOS-repair system was induced by UV-radiation. The mutagenic effect of 5-3H-cytosine was associated with the modified mispairing bases but not with uracil residues. PMID- 3161118 TI - Percutaneous transluminal laser angioplasty for treatment of peripheral vascular disease. Clinical experience with 16 patients. AB - Percutaneous transluminal laser angioplasty of the peripheral arteries was performed in 16 patients with pain at rest, objective evidence of severe peripheral ischemia, conditions requiring amputation, and/or medical contraindications to surgery. In 14 patients the ipsilateral femoral artery was entered in an antegrade direction using the Seldinger technique, base-line angiograms taken, and laser angioplasty performed using argon ions transported to the target site by a 400-mu quartz fiber. Patency was established in 50% of cases and correlated directly with both total energy delivered and time and power per exposure: the lower the energy, the higher the patency rate. Complications included spasm, pain, and mechanical or laser perforation. The authors conclude that while percutaneous transluminal laser angioplasty of peripheral arteries using argon radiation is possible in man, its clinical value has not been established. PMID- 3161116 TI - Behavioral screen for antidepressants: the effects of drugs and electroconvulsive shock on performance under a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate schedule. AB - Those antidepressant drugs that are in wide clinical use decrease response rate and increase reinforcement rate when administered to rats performing on a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate 72-s (DRL 72-s) schedule. Drugs that are not antidepressants do not have this effect. In this experiment, the following were examined for their effects on a DRL 72-s schedule: trazodone, zimelidine, fluoxetine, and bupropion (atypical antidepressants); electroconvulsive shock (ECS, which is an effective treatment for depression); and haloperidol and clozapine (antipsychotic drugs). Trazodone (3.12-25.00 mg/kg), fluoxetine (10-20 mg/kg), and ECS decreased response rate and increased reinforcement rate. Zimelidine (20 mg/kg) increased reinforcement rate and nonsignificantly decreased response rate. At doses between 2.5 and 40 mg/kg, bupropion had no effect on reinforcement rate or response rate, but at 60 mg/kg response rate was increased and reinforcement rate was nonsignificantly decreased. At the higher dose, the effects of bupropion resemble those of a psychomotor stimulant. Haloperidol (0.04 mg/kg) and clozapine (2.5-10.0 mg/kg) decreased response rate and reinforcement rate. These results suggest that the DRL 72-s schedule may be useful for testing the antidepressant potential of new drugs. PMID- 3161119 TI - Enzymhistochemical studies on the disturbances of human spermatogenesis. PMID- 3161121 TI - Cytochemical demonstration of ATPase activity in the rat kidney basement membrane using the cerium-based method. PMID- 3161122 TI - Interspecies differences in aerobic-oxidative capacities of muscle fibre populations in various mammals. PMID- 3161120 TI - Metallothionein synthesis in liver and kidney and enzymhistochemical changes in the testis induced by cadmium treatment. PMID- 3161123 TI - Immunological consequences of splenectomy. AB - A series of reports have dealt with the occurrence of overwhelming infections in splenectomized patients. Being the largest individual organ of the phagocytic apparatus, the spleen is responsible for the phagocytosis of insufficiently opsonized particles. These are taken up by macrophages, processed, and expressed, together with determinants of the HLA system, on the membrane of the macrophage. T cells recognize these structures and proliferate in response, thus inducing a series of immunoregulatory mechanisms. The anatomic design of the spleen allows for close contact between macrophages and T cells. Thus, splenectomy represents a major intervention into the immunologic system. Splenectomized patients have been shown to have low concentrations of IgM, decreased production of antibodies directed against pneumococci and Escherichia coli, and several defects in cellular immune function, including decreased numbers of T cells and a reduction in lymphocyte proliferative responses. Thus, the removal of the spleen affects certain immunological reactions, which are reflected by a number of clinical findings. PMID- 3161124 TI - [Clinical and immunological aspects in Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome]. PMID- 3161125 TI - [Policy of the Clinica de Oftalmologie in Cluj-Napoca on the surgical indications in concomitant strabismus]. PMID- 3161126 TI - [Results of a lens implant in unilateral cataract extracted intra- or extracapsularly]. PMID- 3161127 TI - [Is enucleation of the eyeball useful or dangerous in choroidal melanomas?]. PMID- 3161128 TI - [Pharmaco-toxicological aspects of ophthalmological medication]. PMID- 3161129 TI - [Spontaneous reattachment in a case of traumatic retinal detachment]. PMID- 3161130 TI - [Traumatic glaucoma]. PMID- 3161132 TI - [Sturge-Weber-Krabbe syndrome]. PMID- 3161131 TI - [Iridoschisis and glaucoma (a case presentation)]. PMID- 3161133 TI - [Obstructive retinal lesions]. PMID- 3161134 TI - [Provocation tests in closed-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 3161135 TI - [Physiopathological data on the color sense]. PMID- 3161136 TI - [Case of giant phlebectasia of the left internal jugular vein]. PMID- 3161137 TI - [Dermatomyositis as a paraneoplastic manifestation in cancer of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. Problems of its evolution and treatment]. PMID- 3161138 TI - [Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease with laterocervical lymph node onset. Comments on a case]. PMID- 3161139 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic comments on 2 cases of toxoplasmosis with cervical lymph node localization]. PMID- 3161140 TI - [Diagnostic and treatment problems in necrotizing aphthae]. PMID- 3161142 TI - [Diagnostic and treatment considerations in sialosis]. PMID- 3161143 TI - [Emergency tracheotomy performed in a case of hemophilia]. PMID- 3161141 TI - [Optimal functional result in a case of giant double-sac laryngeal chondroma developing in the thyroid cartilage]. PMID- 3161144 TI - [Dynamics of the treatment of acute obstructive laryngitis in children and its results]. PMID- 3161145 TI - [Effectiveness and potentials of specific hyposensitizing treatment for allergic rhinitis in children]. PMID- 3161146 TI - [Rare endocranial complications of otomastoiditis in infants: cerebellar abscess and purulent meningitis]. PMID- 3161147 TI - [Flumidine in the treatment of laryngeal papillomatosis in children]. PMID- 3161148 TI - [Cervical desmoid fibroma in a child]. PMID- 3161149 TI - [Various hygienic-sanitary indicators in the environment of dental offices]. PMID- 3161150 TI - [Instrument mobilometry--a method for clinical and therapeutic studies in chronic marginal periodontopathies]. PMID- 3161151 TI - [Cytologic changes in the oral mucosa and in salivary components in workers exposed to chromium and cadmium in a metal processing plant]. PMID- 3161152 TI - [The neuromuscular occlusion concept. III. Myofunctional impressions in completely edentulous denture arches]. PMID- 3161153 TI - [Experimental studies on the tissue-compatible properties of Romacryl with added styrene]. PMID- 3161154 TI - [The clinico-statistical study of emergency personnel in the emergency room at the Clinic for Oro-maxillofacial Surgery in Bucharest]. PMID- 3161155 TI - [Periodontic aspects in dento-maxillary anomalies]. PMID- 3161156 TI - [Orthodontic-periodontic correlation]. PMID- 3161158 TI - [The radiologic examination in dental practice]. PMID- 3161157 TI - [Various decarboxylases and pyruvic acid in the saliva of patients with periodontopathies and gingivitis]. PMID- 3161159 TI - [Acne with constitutional manifestations. Acne fulminans]. PMID- 3161160 TI - [Analgesic action of midazolam administered intrathecally in the dog]. PMID- 3161161 TI - [Status epilepticus in the infant. Semeiologic, etiologic and prognostic aspects]. AB - During a 4 year period, 79 infants aged from 1 month to 2 years suffered a status epilepticus (SE). The seizures were most often either generalized of tonic-clonic or clonic type, or unilateral clonic; they lasted or were repeated with persistent unconsciousness between the seizures for periods ranging from 30 min to several days. All the cases of SE lasting over 6 h resulted from a recognizable acute brain injury, whereas 11 of 14 cases lasting 1 h or less were cryptogenic. In 2 cases only, the neurological status was worse after the status, apparently as a result of the seizures themselves. The authors discuss the hypothesis of purely febrile HH syndrome and point out the importance of detailed clinical ictal and interictal characteristics for the etiological approach. PMID- 3161162 TI - [Advantages of studying patients with neoplasms of the digestive tract by whole body bone gammagraphy with 99mTc-MDP for the diagnosis of skeletal metastasis. Correlation with radiology and laboratory tests]. PMID- 3161163 TI - [Comparison of steroid metabolism in the testes and ovaries of 19-day-old rat embryos in culture in vitro]. AB - Oestrone was the main oestrogen formed by the ovaries from both dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone; oestradiol was only formed minimally. Much less oestrogen was formed in the testes, oestradiol being predominant. Androstenedione was the prevailing androgen in the ovaries and testosterone in the testes. These results obtained in vitro are probably also true in vivo. They show high aromatase activity in the ovaries. 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase favored androstenedione formation, and hence oestrone formation, in the ovaries and testosterone formation, and hence oestradiol formation, in the testes. Different results might be obtained at different embryonic stages. PMID- 3161164 TI - [Influence of the concentration of precursors on the biosynthesis of testosterone by the chick embryo testis]. AB - The aim of this study was to determine whether substrate concentration was of crucial importance in the formation of testosterone by the chick embryo testis. Testes from 15 to 18-day old chick embryos were cultured in medium 199 with dehydroepiandrosterone 1, 2, 6, 7-3H or androstenedione-4-14C added at different concentrations. Testosterone was identified and measured by crystallization to constant specific activity or by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The formation of testosterone could not be demonstrated at a substrate concentration of 76 nM. Concentrations in the micromolar range yielded measurable quantities of testosterone which increased to about 10% of the added substrate when the concentration was 70 microM. However, the capacity to form testosterone was shared by other organs such as the ovary or the mesonephros. These results should settle definitively the question concerning the formation of testosterone by the chick embryo testis. When exposed to high substrate concentrations, the testis can form testosterone, but under physiological conditions there is no such testosterone formation. This conclusion is in agreement with the absence of any physiological role of testosterone in the chick embryo. PMID- 3161166 TI - [Backache in the population]. PMID- 3161165 TI - Local cerebral glucose utilization in symptomatic and presymptomatic Huntington's disease. AB - Patterns of local cerebral glucose utilization were measured with positron emission CT using the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose method in 13 patients with HD, 15 subjects at risk for HD, and control subjects. These data were compared with CT measures of cerebral atrophy, age, and duration and severity of symptoms. The results indicate that in HD there is a characteristic decrease in glucose utilization in the caudate and putamen and that this local hypometabolism appears early and precedes bulk tissue loss. In contrast to demented patients with Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, in these HD patients glucose utilization typically was normal throughout the rest of the brain, regardless of the severity of symptoms and despite apparent shrinkage of brain tissue. Our results indicate that the caudate is hypometabolic in some asymptomatic persons who are carriers of the autosomal-dominant gene for HD. PMID- 3161169 TI - [Current therapeutic approach to acne]. PMID- 3161168 TI - [Our experience in the serodetection of Chlamydia infections in tubal pathology]. AB - Chlamydia appears to be an increasingly frequent cause of salpingitis and its complications (sterility, extra-uterine pregnancy). The difficulty of isolating Chlamydia in cell cultures has led us to study the value of serology in the form of immunofluorescence and ELISA. This study is based on 475 cases (206 controls and 269 women with tubal disease). Although it is difficult to interpret an isolated IgG level, the results nevertheless confirmed the value of serodetection: especially the comparison between the control group (18.44% positive) and the pathological group (62.08% positive) and the effectiveness obtained when cases of tubal sterility were treated with appropriate antibiotics, alone or in combination with surgery. PMID- 3161170 TI - Current concepts in premenstrual syndrome. PMID- 3161171 TI - Further isoenzymatic studies on Trypanosoma cruzi stocks from Brazil, Colombia and Chile. AB - Eighteen stocks of T. cruzi from Brazil, Colombia and Chile were compared by five isoenzyme patterns of isoelectrofocusing with the three principal Brazilian zymodemes (Z1, Z2, Z3). The two main Groups I and II found confirmed the zymodemes 1 and 2. However, in some cases new isoenzyme types of the enzymes GPI and PGM in the Groups I and II have been seen. Stocks typed as Z3 did not show homogeneous enzyme patterns. A clear differentiation from the Z1 and Z2 or an association with a third group was not possible. The results of Chilean stocks showed the predominance of the Group II in the domestic cycle of T. cruzi, whereas the results of the Colombian stocks typed as Group I pointed out that in countries north of the Amazon basin only Group I of T. cruzi exists. PMID- 3161167 TI - Exercise and the asthmatic. AB - Physical exercise is not hazardous to asthmatics. Some asthmatics may benefit from physical training, and almost all asthmatics can perform any kind of physical exercise. Free running was earlier thought to induce more asthma than swimming, for example; however, when ventilation is identical during running and swimming, the exercise-induced asthma will also be the same. Hyperventilation alone is as good as physical exercise to induce exercise-induced asthma. If the physical exercise provokes an asthmatic attack, this is most often easily reversed by inhaled beta 2-agonists. Pretreatment of exercise-induced asthma is most efficient by inhaled beta 2-agonist; orally dosed beta 2-agonist is not as efficient as inhaled beta 2-agonist in the pretreatment of exercise-induced asthma. Inhaled sodium cromoglycate diminishes exercise-induced asthma, and the effect seems to be better in children than in adults. Inhaled steroids have no immediate effect on exercise-induced asthma, but long term treatment with steroids diminishes exercise-induced asthma. The pathogenesis of exercise-induced asthma remains obscure. If the water content is low in the inhaled air, e.g. in cold air, the changes in ventilatory capacity following exercise. will be greater than when the exercise is performed while inhaling hot air with high humidity. Almost all asthmatics present changes in the ventilatory capacity following exercise. Seasonal changes in exercise-induced asthma are only present in asthmatics with seasonal allergies, e.g. pollen allergy. No diurnal variation is found in exercise-induced asthma. Asthmatics can do any form of physical exercise. Almost all asthmatics can prevent major changes in ventilatory capacity by pretreatment of exercise-induced asthma or be treated for exercise-induced asthma during the physical activity so that they will not suffer from asthma while performing physical exercise. Asthmatics who have been successfully treated for exercise-induced asthma can do physical exercise at the same level as non asthmatics. Asthmatic children in particular should be encouraged to perform any sport they like, as the physiological and psychological effects may be beneficial to them. It is concluded that almost all asthmatics have exercise-induced asthma, and that physical training may be beneficial. Exercise-induced asthma is best treated and pretreated by inhalation of beta 2-agonists. PMID- 3161173 TI - Studies of monoclonal antibodies specific for major histocompatibility complex products of the rat. I. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies. AB - Sixteen monoclonal antibodies against antigens coded for by the RT1 complex of the rat have been produced. Fourteen are specific for the a haplotype: six recognize class II and eight class I antigens. Two are specific for the 1 haplotype, one reacting with class I and the other with class II antigens. By means of these monoclonal antibodies four independent clusters of antigens for class I antigens of the a haplotype and three for class II antigens could be defined. The three antigenic sites of class II antigens reside on the same heterodimer. The monoclonals described here are characterized with regard to Ig class and subclass, pI, and complement-activating capacity. PMID- 3161174 TI - Induction of immunoglobulin secretion by protein A from Staphylococcus aureus in human blood and bone marrow B cells. AB - Antibody secretion was measured in vitro as plaque-forming cells (PFC), using an indirect haemolysis-in-gel assay. Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus (SPA) induced 4900 +/- 1800 (mean +/- SE from 12 individuals) IgG+A+M PFC/10(6) blood lymphocytes. This was comparable to responses induced by Staph. aureus Cowan 1, lipopolysaccharide, pokeweed mitogen, and purified protein derivative of tuberculin. In bone marrow, SPA induced the highest number of PFC (36,500 +/- 100/10(6) of all the B-cell activators. SPA mainly induced IgG PFC and only a few IgA and IgM PFC. In blood, B cells enriched by sheep erythrocyte sedimentation gave a higher PFC response to SPA than unseparated blood lymphocytes, whereas almost no stimulation was seen in enriched T cells. In bone marrow, the highest number of PFC stimulated by SPA was often seen among the enriched T cells. After the removal of adherent and phagocytic cells, the number of PFC induced by SPA was reduced in blood and bone marrow cells. In enriched B cells from blood, the number of PFC stimulated by SPA increased in the presence of enriched T cells depleted of OKT8-positive cells and decreased when cultured with T cells depleted of OKT4-positive cells. It is concluded that macrophages/monocytes and T helper and suppressor cells play a role in the regulation of human B-cell antibody secretion induced by SPA. PMID- 3161172 TI - Composite wall-to-wall polymerization contraction in dentin cavities treated with various bonding agents. AB - Extracted human teeth are frequently used in studies on bonding of composites to dentin. However, little is known about the effect of storing conditions on the results recorded. The purpose of the present work was to measure the wall-to-wall polymerization contraction of a light-cured composite material with and without the use of five different dentin bonding agents in cylindrical dentin cavities prepared in extracted human teeth, either fresh or after storing for up to 4 wk in four different media. No effect of the storing conditions on the width of contraction gaps could be demonstrated when the teeth were stored in tap water or in a 1.0% aqueous chloramine solution. Aqueous solutions of either 0.1% benzalkonium chloride or 0.9% sodium chloride did occasionally affect the size of the contraction gap. PMID- 3161177 TI - Acute, subacute and chronic low back pain: clinical symptoms, absenteeism and working environment. AB - In this study the relationship between low back pain and the following factors was studied: Clinical findings, frequency and duration of absenteeism, social situation, psychosomatic and psychological factors and the working environment. The sample studied included 220 persons (participation frequency 86%) between the ages of 16-65 who had either acutely declared themselves unable to work because of low back pain (acute patients, n = 50) or who had been ill because of low back pain for one month (subacute patients, n = 50) or for three months (chronic patients, n = 70). A control group (n = 50) consisting of persons who had not been absent at all from work the last year was also included. Information regarding the participants' socio-economic situation, previous and present illnesses, further sick-listing during the one year follow-up period and the duration of absenteeism was obtained from the records of the Department of Health Insurance. The median age for men (68%) in the four different groups was 46, 46, 46 and 48.5, respectively. The corresponding figures for women were 50, 33, 33 and 49 years. Twenty percent were of foreign extraction. The proportion of foreigners in the group of non-participants (n=33) was higher (39%) and in this group there was a significantly greater frequency of previous episodes of ill health of short duration (less than or equal to 7 days + no certificate of ill health). Despite a careful clinical examination it was not possible to find any objective signs amongst 51% (86) of the patients. These patients exhibited normal motion of the back, normal musculature, no signs of neurologic involvement, negative straight-leg-raising test, no fixed painful position and no pain during percussion or palpation despite the fact they had subjective symptoms. The proportion of patients without objective findings increased with increased duration of absenteeism. Forty percent of the acute back patients displayed no objective findings. The corresponding figures for the subacute and chronic back patient groups were 34% and 70%, respectively. In the group without objective findings but with chronic pain (greater than 3 months) there was an increased frequency of Waddell's non-organic signs compared with the group with objective findings. Psychological and social problems increased with increasing duration of absenteeism. There were significantly more patients with psychiatric illness, signs of alcoholism and early retirement in the three months group compared to the remaining groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3161175 TI - Functional characterization of hapten-specific suppressor cells. AB - T cells from animals suppressed against a given hapten, trinitrophenyl (TNP), were analysed for their capacity to inhibit the humoral B-cell response against the hapten and/or a complex antigen, horse erythrocytes (HRBC), coupled or not to the hapten. As expected, suppression of the response to HRBC in all experiments required coupling to TNP. However, the suppressing capacity of the T cells varied with the stage of the B cells, with no detectable suppression occurring if already primed carrier-specific B cells were used. Hapten-specific T helper cells could, however, be induced in hapten-suppressed mice, when hapten-carrier conjugates were used as immunogen. Under these conditions normal efficiency of induction of carrier-specific T helper cells was observed, and this probably also applied to hapten-specific T helper cells to the same extent. This assumption was strengthened by using the hapten-binding capacity of the suppressor T cells and Lyt-1/2-specific sera to subdivide physically helper and suppressor function. PMID- 3161176 TI - Topical treatment of recurrent genital herpes infections with foscarnet. AB - In a double-blind study 86 patients with a total of 129 episodes of recurrent genital herpes were treated topically with 0.3% foscarnet or placebo cream. All patients considered, healing time was significantly shortened in the foscarnet group as compared to the placebo group (p less than 0.01). Subgrouped by sex, the healing time among men treated with foscarnet was significantly shortened as compared to those treated with placebo (p less than 0.002), whereas no statistical significant difference was observed among women. Foscarnet treated men with subpreputial lesions had a shorter period of ulcers (1.7 days) than placebo (3.4 days) treated men (p less than 0.02). Overall, foscarnet treatment reduced the period of redness, swelling, blisters and ulcers. Foscarnet was well tolerated, only in 1/57 patients treated was a moderate local adverse reaction recorded. PMID- 3161178 TI - Severely mobility-disabled people assess the quality of their lives. AB - Thirty-six severely mobility-disabled subjects aged 24-52 years using a wheelchair and in need of daily assistance and 36 non-handicapped, matched control-subjects were interviewed. They were asked to rank 30 different abilities involving physical and mental functions, interpersonal and social relationships, and to rate their overall quality of life (QOL) on a 0-10 point scale. Among the severely mobility-disabled subjects the mean value of self-reported QOL was 8.0, which differs only slightly from 8.3 among the controls. The mean QOL among the disabled showed no significant difference regarding congenital/acquired and progressive/permanent disability. The 'abilities' ranked 1-9 were not directly related to mobility and corresponded among the disabled and non-handicapped. The functions lacked by the severely mobility-disabled persons were rated as less important by the disabled. The undiminished QOL is probably a result of personal adjustment, compensation by medical rehabilitation and society, as well as positive features of the disability. PMID- 3161179 TI - [The bovine pericardium. A bioprosthesis for the closure of abdominal wall defects in the calf]. PMID- 3161180 TI - The adrenal chromaffin cell. PMID- 3161181 TI - Mechanisms of electrolyte transport in the liver and their functional significance. AB - Although our understanding of the mechanisms of electrolyte transport across the hepatic plasma membrane is still incomplete, considerable progress is being made. We have attempted in this review to organize what is now known into a descriptive framework, and also to speculate, with an aim toward focusing attention on the potential impact of ion transport in the liver on the regulation of critical hepatic functions, such as cell growth, cell volume maintenance, and bile formation. It is hoped that future investigations will serve to validate or refute these speculations. PMID- 3161183 TI - Selective nontreatment of handicapped newborns. PMID- 3161182 TI - Functional aspects of hepatic sinusoidal cells. PMID- 3161184 TI - Selecting neonatal ethics. AB - Nontreatment of handicapped newborns has disturbed American society, prompting heated debate and new attempts by government at regulation. Robert Weir's new book reviews the elements of this controversy as argued by concerned doctors, lawyers and ethicists. Unfortunately, we do not know the magnitude or scope of the problem. We know little about how often or under what circumstances physicians practice nontreatment. In discussing the issues, Weir and others have paid inadequate attention to medical uncertainty. The inability to accurately predict outcome makes clinical judgment harder than most philosophers and others acknowledge. Many legal arguments are outdated. The concept of personhood Weir and ethicists invoke confounds decision making. Complex or uncertain medicomoral dilemmas will not be resolved more easily by ethics committees. This procedural solution to a substantive quandry creates new problems. More attention must be paid to patients' current and future suffering when deciding whether to treat severely handicapped infants. PMID- 3161185 TI - Selective nontreatment of handicapped newborns: a critical essay. AB - The neonatal intensive care unit is the site of some of the most dramatic technology, complex decision-making and costly activity in the current range of medical institutions. Thus, the decisions made there are particularly visible, and of concern to a society which has increasingly scrutinized and challenged medical practices. Questions of marginal utility and cost-benefit relationships are becoming increasingly prominent. These concerns are heightened by the social and political tensions over issues of the time of initiation of life, quality of life, and assurances of equity for those less well off or handicapped from birth. Robert Weir's book, Selective Nontreatment of Handicapped Newborns, successfully summarizes the current dilemmas and identifies areas of uncertainty and lack of knowledge which cloud the decision-making processes. The book reviews the positions of the major protagonists of the last several years; inevitably, their positions will undergo continuous evolution in response to new data and vigorous political and public policy activity. Weir appropriately identifies the difficulty in arriving at an accurate prognosis as an important and prominent problem in decision-making about defective newborns. The population of surviving, compromised newborns is relatively unfamiliar and their problems remain largely unstudied. Weir's discussion of the desirability of the establishment of Infant Care Review Committees in those institutions which care for defective and handicapped newborns thoughtfully concludes that such committees are, on the balance, desirable. As experience accumulates with Infant Care Review Committees, they should serve the positive purpose of generating open discussion of legitimate disagreements. These committees will provide a forum in which decision makers can disclose uncertainty, consider alternatives, and receive counsel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3161186 TI - Which infants should live? On the usefulness and limitations of Robert Weir's Selective Nontreatment of Handicapped Newborns. AB - The moral dilemmas of selective nontreatment of handicapped newborns have been widely discussed in the United States since the early 1970s. Weir's book is the first systematic ethical analysis of the pertinent legal and medical factors. His book is reviewed in light of the current government regulations and the formation of Infant Care Review Committees in U.S. hospitals. Weir develops ethical criteria for decision-making about malformed infants and suggests decisions about treatment be made on the basis of disease categories. The implications of Weir's recommendations for a number of critical cases are discussed. PMID- 3161187 TI - Why solutions continue to elude us. AB - Three issues addressed in Robert Weir's book Selective Nontreatment of Handicapped Newborns raise important questions about the social and political context of moral judgment, and the relation of moral judgment to moral theory. Arguments to the effect that infants are not moral "persons" as we normally understand the concept of personhood, illuminate the dialectical relationship between sound, confident moral judgments and moral theories. The way we describe and label decisions to offer or not to offer particular treatments to specific individuals has political and moral consequences. In general, we should opt for descriptions that display, rather than conceal, the problematic and controversial aspects of our decisions. The active killing of patients can only be defended from the narrowest viewpoint of minimizing that individual's suffering. It ignores the requirements made of other moral actors, and it fails to acknowledge a number of important facts about social institutions. Workable solutions must be attentive to the political and social context of moral dilemmas. PMID- 3161188 TI - Selective nontreatment--one year later: reflections and a response. AB - The author describes the personal and social context in which Selective Nontreatment of Handicapped Newborns was written. He gives an account of events pertaining to the selective nontreatment of handicapped newborns that have taken place in the United States since the writing of the book. Finally, he responds to the major criticisms of the book put forth by the four reviewers. PMID- 3161190 TI - Disability dilemmas and rehabilitation tensions: a twentieth century inheritance. AB - Although disability has gradually become part of the social justice concept in Western nations since the seventeenth century, and is a current world-wide social concern, it is no way as readily definable or determinable as race, gender, age or even poverty, other issues of social justice. It remains a relative term despite efforts to contain it. The World Health Organization's definition for disability is a restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being, arising as a consequence of physiological, psychological or anatomical impairment. Under the impairment/disability paradigm, rehabilitation interventions aim for the restoration of maximum functional activity or independence. The consequences of impairment and disability can, but do not necessarily, lead to handicaps or conditions of disadvantage, the composite result of individual functional limitations and faults in physical, cultural, social, economic and political environments. Rehabilitation for handicapping conditions then implies not necessarily the restoration of maximum functional activity or independence, but the restoration of maximum social function, including work and family roles. Recent literature on disability and rehabilitation research and policy reflects the complex and expanding context, but the relativity of the concepts involved, particularly the slippage between disability and handicap, create problems of consistently determining and communicating need. For the literature, certain dilemmas are evident in determining and providing for the needs of disabled persons: self-perceived and self-defined need vs bureaucratic standards and statistical definition; resource compensation vs resource enhancement; urban vs rural needs. Closely related to these perplexing problems are tensions in rehabilitation approaches: institutional and community approaches; individual functional improvement and environmental improvement. This paper considers the dilemmas and tensions as reported, and on that basis certain policy issues are tabulated and presented. PMID- 3161191 TI - Intra-operative transluminal angioplasty in the management of symptomatic aortic arch vessel stenosis. PMID- 3161189 TI - Measuring the health of populations, indicators and interpretations. PMID- 3161192 TI - Morbilliform erythrodermic fever with purpura. A benign eruptive fever occurring in 6 elderly women. AB - A febrile exanthem, hitherto unfamiliar, is reported in 6 elderly women. The rash itself is rather characteristic, and remarkable for its striking extent. It is a purpuric, morbilliform eruption dependent upon arteriocapillary damage in the skin, followed by the development of vast sheets of cyanotic erythema and an ultimate scarlatiniform desquamation. Cerebral and renal changes accompany the exanthem. At present the cause is not established. Drugs and viruses are to be considered. The disease is readily halted in the latter stages by systemic corticosteroids. PMID- 3161193 TI - Small artery syndrome in women. AB - During the past four years, 106 women underwent aortography and peripheral runoff studies for peripheral vascular disease. Eleven patients presented with "small vessels" and were selected for this study. They were significantly younger than the rest of the group (a mean age of 52 versus 66 years). A clear history of claudication was elicited in all patients. Rest pain was present in four patients. Most patients were small in stature but not obese. Weak or absent femoral and distal pulses and abdominal or femoral bruits were common. Angiography demonstrated a narrow infrarenal aorta, narrow iliac and common femoral arteries and a straight course of iliac arteries. Atherosclerotic lesions involved mainly the aortoiliac segment, but were confined to the superficial femoral artery in two patients. Reconstruction was achieved by endarterectomy or transluminal angioplasty in segmental aortoiliac disease and aortobifemoral or aortobi-iliac graft in diffuse disease. Femorpopliteal or iliopopliteal graft or lumbar sympathectomy was performed in patients with significant femoral disease. In one patient, an acutely occluded femoral segment was replaced by a venous interposition graft. Two patients were treated conservatively. There were no operative deaths. Nine patients were markedly improved at follow-up examination. Graft thrombosis occurred in one patient with combined aortobi-iliac and iliopopliteal graft. The high incidence of single bifurcating lumbar arteries at the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae supports the hypothesis that aortic hypoplasia may result from embryonic overfusion of the dorsal aortas. Lipid abnormalities existed in 54 per cent of the patients. All women were heavy smokers and 73 per cent had a positive family history of cardiovascular disease. PMID- 3161194 TI - Recurrent midline hernial repair. PMID- 3161195 TI - Defective antigen presentation to a cloned T helper cell by macrophages from burned mice can be restored with interleukin-1. AB - T helper (Th) cell dysfunction occurring very early (i.e., 24 to 72 hours) after a 30% full-thickness burn in a murine model cannot be attributed to suppressor T cell activity. Th cell activity is influenced by the activity of antigen presenting cells (APCs). These cells process antigen and present a complex of antigen and cell surface Ia to the T cell. Additionally, they elaborate interleukin-1 (Il-1), and these events lead to Th cell release of Il-2, expression of Il-2 receptors, and proliferation of Th cells. We examined the contribution of APCs to postburn Th cell dysfunction by using mitomycin C-treated spleen cells from normal and burned mice as an APC population. The Th cell population consisted of a cloned Th cell line (D10.G4.1) that recognizes conalbumin in the context of I-Ak and proliferates when approximately stimulated. We found that APCs from burned mice induced significantly less Th cell proliferation (p less than 0.05). This was true of unfractionated spleen cells (50.4% of control) as well as positively selected (44.2% of control) or negatively selected (51.9% of control) splenic APCs. When cocultured with APCs from control mice, APCs from burned mice did not suppress control values of Th cell proliferation. Finally, the addition of murine Il-1 in vitro to cultures of burn-derived APCs, antigen, and T cell clone restored Th cell proliferation to control levels (from 38.3% to 92.8%) without nonspecifically enhancing similar cultures employing normal APCs. Il-1 in vitro did not improve Th cell function in the absence of antigen. Thus splenic APCs from mice exhibit defective antigen presentation early after burn injury. This defect is not a result of suppressor factor production by burn APCs and can be restored by Il-1 in vitro. Th cell dysfunction early after burn injury is thus due, in part, to APC dysfunction. PMID- 3161196 TI - Pulmonary platelet trapping induced by beta-endorphin injection in the cerebrospinal fluid in dogs. AB - The effect of beta-endorphin injected into either the lateral ventricle or the cisterna magna on blood pressure, heart rate, peripheral platelet and leukocyte counts, hematocrit levels, catecholamines, and pulmonary platelet trapping was studied. The effect of endotoxin on the endogenous opiocortin system was also investigated. Injection of beta-endorphin caused a significant decrease in blood pressure, bradycardia, and pulmonary platelet trapping. beta-Endorphin had no effect on peripheral platelet and leukocyte counts, catecholamines, or hematocrit levels. Endotoxin shock caused a marked rise in circulating beta-endorphin and a decrease in cerebrospinal fluid beta-endorphin. Our results confirm that endotoxin shock activates the opiocortin system, and we suggest that the endorphins may participate in the evolution of the lung injury seen in septic shock. PMID- 3161197 TI - Septic endarteritis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - A case of septic endarteritis leading to septic arthritis and septic emboli occurred after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. To our knowledge, this is the first reported instance of arterial wall infection potentially caused by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Treatment consisted of long-term intravenous antibiotics and drainage of the septic joint. PMID- 3161198 TI - [Rupture of the rectus muscle of the abdomen as a complication of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3161199 TI - [Effect of changes in solar activity on the dynamics of morbidity and mortality among the population]. PMID- 3161201 TI - [Bacteriology of pyogenic infections of the hand]. PMID- 3161200 TI - [Clinico-immunological characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus with Raynaud and Sjogren's syndromes (report I)]. AB - Forty-one patients suffering from chronic systemic lupus erythematosus with Raynaud and Sjogren's syndromes and 18 patients with an acute and subacute disease course were examined. It was established that chronic SLE was marked by a high frequency of antibodies to ribonucleoprotein, an increase in the concentration of IgA, the presence of rheumatoid factor. Although the decrease in the concentration of C3c and C4 components of complement was more demonstrable in patients with an acute or subacute course of SLE, the rate of demonstration of circulating immune complexes in the patients' groups under comparison was approximately the same. Involvement of immune complexes in the development of the pathological process in different versions of SLE is discussed. PMID- 3161202 TI - [Biphosphonate as a therapeutic drug--experimental studies and clinical application]. PMID- 3161203 TI - Prognosis in occupational asthma. PMID- 3161205 TI - Platelet activation in psoriasis. AB - Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that psoriasis represents a risk factor for thrombotic vascular diseases. In order to evaluate the possible role of hemostatic changes in the development of thrombotic episodes in psoriasis, some parameters of the hemostatic "balance" were investigated in 22 male psoriatic patients and compared to those of 22 male control subjects. Incidence of known risk factors for vascular diseases (diabetes, hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia) was comparable in the two study groups. There were no statistically significant differences in platelet count, circulating platelet aggregates, platelet production of malondialdehyde (MDA), total plasma antithrombin and fibrinolytic activities. In patients with psoriasis the incidence of spontaneous platelet hyperaggregability and plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin were significantly higher than in control subjects. Platelet regeneration time, measured as MDA recovery after aspirin ingestion, was significantly shorter in psoriatic patients. These data suggest that an in vivo platelet activation occurs in patients with psoriasis and could contribute to the development of thrombotic complications. The release of mitogenic and inflammatory substances by activated platelets may play a role in the histogenesis of psoriatic lesions. PMID- 3161204 TI - Pulmonary changes in congenital heart disease with Down's syndrome: their significance as a cause of postoperative respiratory failure. AB - Biopsy or necropsy specimens of lung from 28 patients with congenital heart disease and Down's syndrome were studied to establish the cause of the postoperative respiratory failure often seen in such cases. Changes in lungs seen after operation included interstitial emphysema and overdistension of peripheral air spaces, associated with hypoplastic alveoli and deficient elastic fibres in the alveolar wall. In specimens taken before operation alveolar hypoplasia was common but interstitial emphysema or overdistension of lower airways was found only rarely. Findings suggest that alveolar hypoplasia is characteristic of Down's syndrome and that distension of peripheral air spaces or interstitial emphysema was due to artificial inflation of the lung during surgery. The severity of the lesions correlated significantly with the duration of artificial respiration and with the severity of the respiratory failure. Hypoplastic lung tissue in patients with Down's syndrome appears to be more susceptible to mechanical stress, and this is likely to be the cause of postoperative respiratory failure. PMID- 3161207 TI - Hereditary protein S deficiency and venous thrombo-embolism. A study in three Dutch families. AB - Protein S, a vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor, is involved in the regulation of the anticoagulant activity of activated protein C. Using an immunoradiometric assay for total protein S in plasma we identified 14 patients (7 male and 7 female) in three unrelated Dutch families as fulfilling the criteria for an isolated protein S deficiency. In 9 patients who were not receiving oral anticoagulant treatment the mean total protein S antigen concentration was 0.50 +/- 0.08 U/ml (+/- S.D.) and the calculated free protein S concentration was 0.15 +/- 0.01 U/ml (+/- S.D.). In the five patients who were on oral anticoagulant treatment the mean total protein S antigen was 0.23 +/- 0.05 U/ml (+/- S.D.). Seven of the 14 patients had a history of venous thromboembolism occurring at a mean age of 25 years and often without an apparent cause. Protein S deficiency is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. PMID- 3161206 TI - Determination of plasma protein S--the protein cofactor of activated protein C. AB - Protein S, an important cofactor of activated protein C, and C4b-binding protein were purified from human plasma. Specific antibodies against the purified proteins were raised in rabbits and used for the development of immunologic assays for these proteins in plasma: an immunoradiometric assay for protein S (which measures both free protein S and protein S complexed with C4b-binding protein) and an electroimmunoassay for C4b-binding protein. Ranges for the concentrations of these proteins were established in healthy volunteers and patients using oral anticoagulant therapy. A slight decrease in protein S antigen was observed in patients with liver disease (0.78 +/- 0.25 U/ml); no significant decrease in protein S was observed in patients with DIC (0.95 +/- 0.25 U/ml). Criteria were developed for the laboratory diagnosis of an isolated protein S deficiency. PMID- 3161208 TI - Nomenclature of secreted platelet proteins--report of the Working Party on Secreted Platelet Proteins of the Subcommittee on Platelets. AB - Standard nomenclature for a number of secreted platelet proteins was agreed upon by The Working Party on Secreted Platelet Proteins of the Subcommittee on Platelets. Platelet factor 4 will continue to be used for the molecule with high heparin affinity, subunit molecular weight of 7780, and the described amino acid sequence. beta-Thromboglobulin will be used to designate beta-Thromboglobulin (81 amino acids/subunit, beta-mobility on cellulose-acetate electrophoresis, pI 7), low-affinity platelet factor 4 (85 amino acids/subunit, gamma-mobility on cellulose-acetate electrophoresis, pI 8), and platelet basic protein (94 amino acids/subunit, pI 10) when these are measured immunologically in plasma, but that thromboglobulin with a superscript designation of the pI should be used when assays are conducted on samples after isoelectric focusing, and a subscript amino terminal amino acid can be added when a purified protein is described. Thrombospondin will continue to be the designation for the high molecular weight trimer that has previously been called thrombospondin or glycoprotein G. Platelet derived growth factor will be used for the group of closely related proteins of molecular weight about 30,000 and isoelectric point about 10. PMID- 3161209 TI - The plasma inhibitors of plasminogen activator, studied by a zymographic technique. AB - A zymographic technique for the detection of inhibitors of plasminogen activators has been applied to the analysis of plasma. Two inhibitors have been demonstrated; one inhibited plasmin with consequent apparent inhibition of urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activator activity; it was identified as alpha 2-antiplasmin. The second inhibitor, as yet unidentified, had a molecular weight of about 40K. It inhibited urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activator but had no effect on plasmin. PMID- 3161210 TI - Glycoprotein V hydrolysis by thrombin. Lack of correlation with secretion. AB - Platelet membrane glycoprotein V (GPV) was hydrolyzed during thrombin-induced platelet aggregation releasing a fragment GPVfl into the supernatant. Hydrolysis of GPV required catalytically active thrombin and was diminished by chemical modification of the fibrinogen binding site of thrombin. Half-maximal liberation of GPVfl occurred at a 10-fold higher concentration of thrombin than was required for half-maximal release. Time course studies at several thrombin concentrations showed disparate release of GPVfl and thrombospondin. These results emphasize the complexity of the initial events in thrombin-induced platelet activation. PMID- 3161211 TI - Effects of trifluoperazine on platelet activation. AB - Previous reports of the inhibitory effects of trifluoperazine on platelet responses to different aggregating agents have been conflicting, and the mechanism of action remains unclear. We have found that aggregation by minimum concentrations of collagen and arachidonic acid, and second phase aggregation by minimum concentrations of ADP, thrombin, epinephrine and the calcium ionophore A23187 were inhibited by 40-60 microM trifluoperazine. The first phase of aggregation by a minimum concentration of epinephrine was completely inhibited by 100 microM trifluoperazine, and the first phase of aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin or A23187 was decreased by 300 microM trifluoperazine. The platelet shape change caused by collagen, but by no other aggregating agent examined, was inhibited by 300 microM trifluoperazine. Secretion of 3H-5 hydroxytryptamine by minimum concentrations of ADP, collagen, epinephrine and arachidonic acid was completely suppressed by 50 microM trifluoperazine. Secretion by thrombin and A23187 was incompletely inhibited by 300 microM trifluoperazine. Thromboxane B2 formation caused by all aggregating agents, except epinephrine, was incompletely suppressed by 50 microM trifluoperazine, and 300 microM trifluoperazine only caused complete inhibition of thromboxane B2 formation by ADP, collagen and epinephrine. The phorbol ester, TPA, which mimics diacylglycerol by activating protein kinase C, caused aggregation and secretion. Aggregation, but not secretion, by low concentrations of TPA was inhibited by concentrations of trifluoperazine as low as 50 microM. However, aggregation by a combination of TPA and A23187 was only inhibited by concentrations of trifluoperazine in excess of 100 microM. Secretion by TPA was inhibited by concentrations of trifluoperazine in excess of 200 microM. Our findings suggest that low concentrations of trifluoperazine inhibit platelet activation by inhibiting phospholipase A2, and that higher concentrations inhibit platelet responses by interfering with protein kinase C. PMID- 3161212 TI - Fibrinogenolysis and fibrinolysis in normal volunteers and patients with thrombosis after infusion of urokinase. AB - We have studied the effects of urokinase (UK) on concentration changes of alpha 2 antiplasmin (alpha 2 AP) and on fibrino(geno)lysis. Medium dose (480,000 u) or large dose (960,000 u) of UK was given to each of seven normal volunteers by intravenous drip infusion within six hours, and then blood and urine analyses were carried out. Total alpha 2 AP, which includes free alpha 2 AP and alpha 2 AP plasmin complex, decreased to about 50% of the original value with large dose of UK. alpha 2 AP-plasmin complex appeared in the plasma one hr after UK infusion and increased up to 50% of total alpha 2 AP at the end of UK infusion. B beta peptides, which are liberated from fibrin(ogen) at the very early stage of fibrino(geno)lysis, increased significantly with UK infusion, and was 65 times as much as the normal range at the end of UK infusion. Urinary B beta peptides increased as well as plasma B beta peptides. On the other hand, fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDP) measured with enzyme immunoassay (EIA) increased only slightly, and moreover, urinary FDP was not detectable at any time. Plasma fibrinogen levels did not decrease and changed within the normal range in both groups. We then gave 960,000 u of UK to four patients with deep vein thrombosis and blood analyses were carried out as with normal volunteers. The most significant observation different from that of normal volunteers was shown in FDP levels. Serum FDP levels of four patients increased significantly in comparison with normal volunteers. Urinary FDP increased as significantly as plasma FDP. In conclusion, the infusion of 960,000 u of UK caused only very early stage of fibrinogenolysis without advanced fibrinogenolysis in normal volunteers, but in thrombotic patients, advanced fibrinolysis was observed. PMID- 3161214 TI - Heterogeneity of HLA-DR2: definition of two subtypes by serological and cellular techniques. AB - We have used the serological and cellular (PLT) techniques to investigate the heterogeneity of HLA-DR2. The serologic studies demonstrate that DR2 can be subdivided into two specificities based on the patterns of reactivity with the Ninth Workshop serum, 9w555. These two DR2 subtypes were also recognized by cellular assay utilizing PLTs generated between HLA-DR2, DQ-identical, DP identical or incompatible individuals. The data, therefore, suggest the existence of two alleles of DR2, DR2.1 (long) and DR2.2 (short). PMID- 3161213 TI - Anticoagulant effects of a low molecular weight heparinoid (Org 10172) in human volunteers and haemodialysis patients. AB - Org 10172, a low MW heparinoid derived from animal intestinal mucosal tissue, has a mean molecular weight of 6500 D and a specific activity of 8.0 anti-Xa U/mg. Its elimination half-life after i.v. administration is 18 hours. Six human volunteers received repeated single i.v. injections of 800 and 3200 anti-Xa units of Org 10172, 5000 IU heparin or placebo. Bleeding time, platelet count and plasma beta thromboglobulin were not affected by Org 10172 or heparin. Heparin stimulated ADP-induced platelet aggregation (0.2 uM; p less than 0.05) and inhibited thrombin induced aggregation (0.3 U/ml; p less than 0.05), while the heparinoid lacked these effects. Heparin increased plasma platelet factor 4, whereas Org 10172 had no effect. In contrast to heparin Org 10172 had only a minor effect on the activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time, while both compounds induced anti-Xa activity in plasma. In a crossover study in six haemodialysis patients, both heparin and Org 10172 (34.4 and 22.4 anti-Xa units/kg/body weight) successfully prevented clotting of the extracorporeal circuit. Microscopical analysis of the artificial kidney membranes showed that the 34.4 unit Org 10172 dosage was as effective as heparin in preventing fibrin deposition. The haemostatic and coagulation effects were as expected from those observed in the volunteers except that there was a slower elimination of the plasma anti-Xa response. In addition heparin and Org 10172 (34.4 anti-Xa units/kg) inhibited the Xa-induced platelet aggregation (0.5 U/ml; p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001 respectively). PMID- 3161216 TI - Polymorphism of placental phosphoglucomutase in Japanese. AB - Polymorphism of PGM1 and PGM3 types was investigated in placental extracts from 127 unrelated Japanese parturients living in Yamanashi Prefecture. The gene frequencies were 0.787 for PGM1(1), 0.213 for PGM1(2); 0.760 for PGM13, 0.240 for PGM3(2), respectively. There was no significant association between the PGM1 and PGM3 systems. The PGM3(2) frequency in the present sample population was higher than those in Kanto District, but lower than those in Kinki District. PMID- 3161215 TI - Comparative enzymology of eleven acid hydrolases in cultured amniotic fluid cells, skin fibroblasts and embryonic lung fibroblasts, and the respective changes with the increasing age of the cell cultures. AB - Assay conditions were studied for eleven lysosomal enzymes (beta-D-galactosidase, alpha-D-mannosidase, beta-hexosaminidase, beta-D-glucuronidase, alpha-D galactosidase, alpha-D-glucosidase, arylsulfatase, beta-D-glucosidase, alpha-L fucosidase, alpha-D-neuraminidase and alpha-L-iduronidase) in cultured amniotic fluid cells (CAFC), cultured skin fibroblasts (CSF) and cultured embryonic lung fibroblasts (CELF), and the properties of the enzymes were compared among these cultured cells. In addition, changes in these enzymes from the three cell types were investigated between 4-6 earlier passages and 24-26 later passages. With the exception of alpha-D-glucosidase, alpha-D-neuraminidase and alpha-L-fucosidase, all enzymes assayed for the 4-6 earlier passages and the 24-26 later passages had the same Km values and the same pH optima, and were also unchanged with the increasing age of cell cultures, with regard to their points. The specific activities of beta-D-glucuronidase, arylsulfatase, alpha-D-glucosidase and beta-D glucosidase for the 4-6 earlier passages increased significantly with development, though no change was observed with development in the specific activities of other enzymes. Variations were observed between the levels of these enzymes in the three cell types with the increasing age of cell cultures, such as increases in some, decreases in others and no change in still others. PMID- 3161218 TI - Effect of plictran on beef heart mitochondrial ATPases. AB - The in vitro effects of plictran on oligomycin-sensitive Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase activities in beef heart mitochondria were studied. Beef heart mitochondrial fractions were prepared by the conventional centrifugation method. ATPase activities were measured by determining the inorganic phosphate released by the hydrolysis of ATP. Plictran inhibited both oligomycin-sensitive (o.s.) Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase activities at nanomolar concentrations. However, plictran did not affect the oligomycin-insensitive (o.i.) Mg2+-ATPase activity at any concentration studied. Substrate activation kinetics revealed that plictran inhibited o.s. Mg2+-ATPase uncompetitively and Ca2+-ATPase non-competitively. These results clearly indicate that plictran affects ATP synthesis and calcium ion transport in beef heart mitochondria. PMID- 3161219 TI - Effect of acrylamide and related compounds on glycolytic enzymes of rat brain. AB - The in vitro effect of acrylamide and its analogues on rat brain glycolytic enzymes was examined to elucidate the biochemical lesions responsible for the pathogenesis of acrylamide-induced neuropathy. All test compounds inhibited glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, irrespective of their neurotoxicity, and their inhibitory potency was a linear function of the rate constant with reduced glutathione. Phosphofructokinase was also inhibited by some of the test compounds, independently of their neurotoxicity. The rate-limiting enzymes in glycolysis, hexokinase and pyruvate kinase, were not inhibited by acrylamide. PMID- 3161217 TI - Alteration of behavioral sex differentiation by exposure to estrogenic compounds during a critical neonatal period: effects of zearalenone, methoxychlor, and estradiol in hamsters. AB - The present study was designed to determine if neonatal exposure to the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone or the weakly estrogenic pesticide methoxychlor could masculinize and/or defeminize the behavior of female hamsters. Neonatal hamsters were given a single sc injection of either zearalenone (1 mg/pup), methoxychlor (1 mg/pup), 17 beta-estradiol (E2) (40 micrograms/pup), or the vehicle 2 days after birth. After puberty, behavioral estrous cyclicity was measured. The females were then ovariectomized, treated with the male hormone testosterone, and tested for their ability to mount a receptive female (a behavior not normally displayed by female hamsters). Females treated neonatally with estradiol or zearalenone were masculinized but not defeminized, an effect consistent with perinatal exposure to low doses of sex hormones. Females in these two treatment groups displayed normal 4-day behavioral estrous cycles, but following ovariectomy and testosterone treatment they mounted a sexually receptive female at a frequency comparable to the males. Methoxychlor-treated females did not differ from controls. The mounting behavior of similarly treated males was unaffected by any of the chemicals. However, males receiving estradiol treatment had smaller testes, seminal vesicles, and cauda epididymides and 57% had epididymal cysts. These results demonstrate that a single exposure to a weakly estrogenic chemical like zearalenone during a critical developmental period can cause the brain to differentiate in a manner inconsistent with the female's genetic sex. This enables the female to respond to the activational influence of testosterone as an adult and readily mount a sexually receptive female. The failure of methoxychlor to alter reproductive development in the current study may be due to an inability of the neonatal hamster to convert methoxychlor to estrogenic metabolites. PMID- 3161220 TI - Enhanced in vivo platelet activation in subtypes of ischemic stroke. AB - It remains uncertain whether platelet activation in ischemic stroke is contributory or secondary to brain ischemia. The efficacy of aspirin (ASA) in stroke prevention suggests that platelet activation contributes to the occurrence of stroke. On the other hand, platelet activation may be simply a generalized consequence of cerebral ischemic damage. To examine this issue, plasma levels of the platelet specific proteins beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) were measured in fifty-eight patients with various defined types of acute ischemic strokes. beta-TG was a broader indicator of platelet activation than PF4. Compared with an age-matched control group, thromboembolic and cardioembolic stroke patients had significantly elevated beta-TG levels (p less than 0.001). Also, beta-TG levels in these stroke categories were significantly higher in samples drawn within the first week after the event than in those drawn later (p less than 0.001). In contrast, beta-TG levels in lacunar stroke patients and in most TIA patients were normal. beta-TG levels did not correlate with the volume of cerebral infarction as measured by planimetry from CT scans. Moreover, beta-TG levels in patients on chronic ASA therapy at the time of stroke did not differ from those in patients of the same diagnostic categories not taking aspirin. These data indicate that platelet activation may be important in some, but not all, subtypes of ischemic stroke and that platelet activation can occur in stroke even though the platelet cyclooxygenase pathway is suppressed. PMID- 3161221 TI - [The forensic physicians of blockaded Leningrad]. PMID- 3161223 TI - Preparing for diagnostic and operative laparoscopy. PMID- 3161222 TI - [Interaction of forensic medical and therapeutic services in preventing sudden death]. PMID- 3161224 TI - Prolongation of experimental cardiac allograft survival with thromboxane-related drugs. AB - A novel receptor antagonist, 3-hydroxymethyl-dibenzo (b,f) thiepin 5,5-dioxide (L 640,035) and the thromboxane synthase inhibitor, sodium (E) -3-(4-[3 pyridylmethyl phenyl]) -2-methyl-acrylate (OKY 1581) were evaluated for their effect in promoting the survival of cardiac allografts in Lewis rats that received cardiac allografts from Lewis x Brown-Norway F1 rats. Neither of these drugs or azathioprine alone significantly prolonged graft survival. However a combination of azathioprine with either of the two drugs significantly increased graft survival. Because L-640,035 inhibits platelet and smooth muscle responses to thromboxane-mimics, and because OKY 1581 is a specific thromboxane synthase inhibitor, we conclude that thromboxane may have a causal role in experimental cardiac allograft rejection in rats. PMID- 3161225 TI - Functional clonal deletion versus active suppression in transplantation tolerance induced by total-lymphoid irradiation. AB - Transplantation tolerance and stable chimerism were established in adult mice conditioned with a short course of total-lymphoid irradiation (TLI) followed by infusion of 30 X 10(6) allogeneic bone marrow cells. Spleen cells of tolerant mice could not exert a proliferative or cytotoxic response against host-type cells in vitro and were unable to induce graft-versus-host reaction in secondary host-type recipients. The degree of suppression assessed by coculturing tolerant splenocytes in vitro in the one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction was quite variable- and, in some cases, was not at all demonstrable, although tolerance was clearly maintained. Suppression, when apparent, could not be ascribed to T lymphocytes. Suppressor cells were found to bind soybean agglutinin and could be separated from the nonsuppressive cells by means of this lectin. Dissociation of the suppressive population (SBA+ cells) from that which is normally alloreactive (SBA cells) resulted in a suppressor cell-depleted fraction that was still unable to respond to host-type cells but regained reactivity to unrelated cells. Limiting dilution analysis of chimeric splenocytes revealed markedly reduced frequencies of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P) directed against host-type cells, as compared with normal splenocytes reacting against the same target cells. This difference was accentuated when these cells were sensitized to host-type target cells prior to plating in limiting dilution cultures. In 1:1 mixing experiments of normal and chimeric splenocytes, there was no evidence of any in vitro suppressive activity to account for hyporeactivity of chimeric cells against host type cells. Thus, maintenance of TLI-induced tolerance seemed not to be mediated primarily through an active suppressor cell mechanism. PMID- 3161226 TI - Immune mechanisms in organ allograft rejection: IV. An overview of adoptive transfer studies on the pathogenesis of homograft rejection in the inbred rat. PMID- 3161227 TI - Evidence for two populations of T suppressor cells in spleen allograft tolerant rats. PMID- 3161228 TI - Suppression of cytotoxic T cell activity in the Syrian hamster. PMID- 3161229 TI - Erythema multiforme-like skin eruptions localized to marrow aspiration sites after autologous marrow transplantation. PMID- 3161230 TI - Cyclosporine: the agent and its actions. AB - The serendipitous discovery of a new species of fungi T inflatum Gams coupled with the diligent investigations of Borel to dissect the immunosuppressive action of CsA have yielded a new reagent of compelling therapeutic moment. Due to its relatively specific inhibition of lymphokine generation by T helper cells, the drug displays relatively high therapeutic efficacy for the immune system. The major obstacle to almost uniform success is drug-induced nephrotoxicity, which not only occurs frequently but also is discerned with difficulty from allograft rejection. Nephrotoxicity may occur in the absence of toxic CsA drug levels, and therefore cannot be totally excluded by presently available tools, probably due to synergistic injuries to the allograft by drugs, donor ischemia, procurement injury, rejection, and so forth. Although present data and likely hypotheses suggest that immunosuppressive and nephrotoxic effects are closely correlated, careful chemical dissection of the differential immunosuppressive and toxic activities of CsA metabolites and/or structural variants may afford new approaches to improve the therapeutic window for effective CsA use. PMID- 3161231 TI - [Thymus-dependent suppression of erythroid colony formation induced by concanavalin A in the cloning of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells of the spleen]. AB - The injection of the polyclonal activator of T-cells--concanavalin A--to normal mice is followed by a considerable decrease both in the erythroid colony formation at the cloning of spleen CFUs, and in the number of T-cells and their helper activity in the same spleen suspensions. The suppression of erythroid colony-formation may be passively transferred by using spleen cells from mice treated with concanavalin A and irradiated lethally. Thymectomy of adult mice prevents from suppression of erythroid colony-formation induced by concanavalin A. These results suggest that the T-cells may suppress erythroid differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells. PMID- 3161232 TI - [The motor handicapped]. PMID- 3161233 TI - [Socioprofessional integration of the handicapped in Tunisia]. PMID- 3161234 TI - [Saccular aneurysm of the abdominal aorta with erosion of the lumbar spine]. PMID- 3161235 TI - [Fixed drug erythema with mucosal involvement. An overlooked diagnosis?]. PMID- 3161236 TI - [Popular concepts about acne]. PMID- 3161237 TI - Plastic surgical considerations for urologic surgeons. AB - Some of the catastrophic problems involving the abdominal wall that occur after surgery are avoidable. Careful planning of the incision with vascular territories in mind can avoid devascularizing areas of skin. The use of intravenous fluorescein can help the surgeon to predict necrosis and take steps to circumvent the problem. These considerations and timely plastic surgical consultations can aid the urologic surgeon in providing patients with the optimal care. PMID- 3161238 TI - Reinitiation during lambda DNA replication resulting from either cis-Pt treatment or infection of a P2 lysogenic strain. AB - Nested areas of replication are observed in phage lambda replicative intermediates and arise from reinitiation from the lambda origin. Reinitiation occurs when the first round of lambda replication takes place in the presence of the drug cis-Pt or when lambda infects a host which has been preincubated with the drug. In the latter case it is shown that the infection proceeds during the expression of SOS functions induced in the host as a result of the drug treatment. When lambda infects a host lysogenic for phage P2, an interference process occurs which prevents formation of lambda phage. The lambda DNA does, however, undergo at least one round of replication but is abnormal in that lambda origins reinitiate to form nested areas of replication similar to those resulting from exposure to the drug cis-Pt. PMID- 3161239 TI - [Electrophoretic evaluation of multiple molecular forms of enzymes and their ratios using alcohol dehydrogenase from mammalian liver cytosol as an example]. AB - Zymograms of alcohol dehydrogenase from liver cytosol of horse, rat, pig, bull and calf were studied in order to evaluate the advantages and limitations of polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis in estimation of multiple molecular forms of the enzyme and their ratios. The zymograms of these animal species differed in amount of zones of the enzymatic activity, in their relative electrophoretic mobility (Rf) and in intensity of staining. The amount of zones and intensity of staining depended on the time of incubation and pH value. No direct correlation could be found between the period of incubation and intensity of the zones colouring, which was due to a non-linear type of dynamics of the reaction products accumulation. As a precondition for correct evaluation of the zymograms results of enzymological estimations (involving pH optima, temperature, saturating concentrations for substrates and coenzymes) were essential. PMID- 3161240 TI - [Cancer morbidity of the population of Leningrad for the last 20 years]. PMID- 3161241 TI - [Invasiveness and metastases of bladder cancer]. AB - An analysis of post-mortem data on 918 cases of bladder cancer established tumor invasion into adjacent tissues in 50.2 +/- 1.61 and metastases--in 36.9 +/- 1.59% of cases. Paravesical fat tissue, the prostate and ureter were the most frequent sites of invasion: 34.7 +/- 1.57, 15.6 +/- 1.20 and 7.5 +/- 0,87%, respectively. Invasion proved to be among the basic risk factors of recurrence development and vesical fistula formation. Tumors were mostly disseminated into lymph nodes (21.6 +/- 1.36), liver (14.9 +/- 1.17) and lung (10.7 +/- 1.02%). A relationship between histologic pattern of tumor and frequency of metastatic spread was found. Bladder cancer extension into the small pelvis and dissemination were frequently the source of diagnostic errors. PMID- 3161242 TI - [Cancer morbidity of the large intestine and its prognosis in the Moldavian SSR]. AB - Colorectal cancer ranks fifth in general cancer morbidity in the Moldavian SSR and second among digestive tumors. Within 1970-1979, the morbidity rate for rectal cancer increased 2.2-fold (from 3.0 to 6.70/0000), cancer of the colon- 1.4-fold (from 4.4 to 6.00/0000). Rectal cancer morbidity showed a 4.30/0000 rise in male patients, matched by a 3.20/0000 rise in females. The colonic cancer morbidity rates increased by 1.5 and 1.80/0000, respectively. The results of the analysis of the said indexes suggest that by 1990 the rectal cancer morbidity rate will have reached 8.9 +/- 1.1 and colonic cancer--7.3 +/- 2.40/0000. By 1990, the rate of morbidity for cancer of the large bowel will have surpassed that for stomach cancer and it will rank first among tumors of the digestive tract should the present-day trends of morbidity remain unchanged. PMID- 3161243 TI - [Laparoscopy in oncological practice]. AB - The results of an analysis of laparoscopy performed in 204 patients for neoplasms of the peritoneal cavity, retroperitoneal space and lung carcinoma are presented. Laparoscopic findings were confirmed by subsequent surgery in 166 cases. These findings in lung cancer patients were compared with the results of a previous radionuclide examination of the liver, laparoscopic diagnosis being confirmed in 66.6%. PMID- 3161244 TI - [Significance of circulating immune complexes in patients with erysipelas]. PMID- 3161245 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of thermographic examination in liver diseases]. PMID- 3161246 TI - [Long-term results of transluminal coronary angioplasty of chronic coronary artery occlusions]. AB - In 43 patients an occlusion of the coronary artery, which had occurred a few weeks or months previously, was diagnosed between 1977 and 1983. Angiograms were available prior to the occlusion in 35 patients but not in 8 patients. In 31 patients mechanical revascularization was attempted with acute success in 42 percent of the patients. The primary success rate in a control population without occlusion but high-grade stenoses at similar sites was 83 percent. Reocclusions or high-grade restenoses occurred in 54 percent of the revascularized vessels. Taking into account successful repeated dilatations, 62 percent of the successfully treated patients showed long-term success a year after intervention. With reference to all patients in whom revascularization had been attempted, the long-term success rate was 26 percent. Hence, mechanical revascularization of subacute and chronic artery occlusions by angioplasty shows much less chance of acute success together with a markedly increased restenosis rate compared to angioplasty of chronic stenoses. Regarding the good long-term results in a quarter of patients, the technically unproblematic approach as well as minimal dangers for the patients, a revascularization attempt seems to be justified in corresponding clinical presentations. PMID- 3161247 TI - [Methodological problems of studying the prevalence of diseases in childhood]. PMID- 3161248 TI - [Analytic data of the new benzodiazepine derivative midazolam (Dormicum) and its metabolites]. AB - The article describes analytical data for the detection of midazolam, alpha hydroxymidazolam, 4-hydroxymidazolam and alpha, 4-dihydroxymidazolam, as well as important pharmacokinetic properties. Extraction from biological specimens is also reported. PMID- 3161249 TI - [Width of the attached gingiva in relation to age and tooth groups]. PMID- 3161250 TI - [2-year clinically controlled study of plaque prevention with chlorhexidine digluconate and hydrogen peroxide in marginal periodontitis]. PMID- 3161251 TI - [Finishing studies of cast fillings in relation to the material, the instrument, the clearance width and the lining of the cavity margin]. PMID- 3161252 TI - [Pulp reaction of human deciduous teeth to different materials after vital and mortal amputation]. PMID- 3161253 TI - [Height and shape of the palate in infants with trisomy 21]. PMID- 3161254 TI - [Bone transplantation in surgery and maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3161255 TI - [Immunohistological determination of beta-endorphin in chromophobe, clinically hormone-nonproducing hypophyseal adenomas]. AB - Pituitary adenomas are usually classified according to the nature of their proper hormonal production. Silent adenomas of the pituitary are tumors without clinical and biochemical evidence of overproduction of any known adenohypophyseal hormones. The proportion of such seemingly nonfunctioning tumors is 20 to 30%. Silent corticotropic adenomas are able to synthesize some normal or abnormal sequences of proopiomelanocortin precursor without any signs of hypercorticism. These tumors were divided into basophilic adenomas with strong periodic acid Schiff (PAS) positivity and chromophobic adenomas with moderate or no PAS positivity. All of our cases were chromophobic adenomas. Two of the cases were positive for beta-endorphin by immunofluorescence. ACTH immunoreactivity was not present in the cells. Electron microscopic study of the adenoma cells showed small secretory granules with a halo. The diameter of these granules varied from 50 to 250 nm. Automated morphometric and densitometric investigations of silent corticotropic adenomas and adenomas from patients with Cushing's disease gave different karyometric results. The most important practical problem arising from the present investigation was the high frequency of recurrence of silent corticotropic tumors. PMID- 3161256 TI - [What therapeutic method is to be recommended today for acute salpingitis in young girls and women?]. PMID- 3161257 TI - [The biochemistry of corpora lutea periodica, follicular lutein cysts, adrenal cortex and hypophyses in cattle]. PMID- 3161258 TI - [60th anniversary of the Byelorussian Scientific-Research Institute of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Physiotherapy]. PMID- 3161259 TI - [Vertebral lumbalgias in data from the Outpatient Orthopedic Clinic in Martin 1980-1982]. PMID- 3161260 TI - Cells isolated from endoscopical biopsy specimens. AB - For a better understanding of local immunological factors in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), we isolated colonic mucosal lymphocytes (CML) from endoscopical biopsy specimens and studied their immunological characteristics. CML were isolated by a DTT-collagenase-cotton column method. Viability of isolated cells exceeded 90%, and the average yield per biopsy specimen was 1.2 +/ 0.6 X 10(4) (mean +/- SD). A large proportion of the CML isolated in this way were small lymphocytes and the numbers were higher in UC patients than in the controls. The percentage of T cells among the CML was higher in UC than in the controls, but the percentages of B cells did not differ. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy controls showed very low levels of spontaneous synthesis of IgG, IgA, and IgM, but when cultured with PWM, these cells showed a high level of IgG and IgM synthesis but only a moderately elevated IgA production. In contrast, CML from healthy controls had a high level of spontaneous synthesis of IgG, IgA, and IgM; after culture with PWM, IgG synthesis roughly doubled and IgA synthesis increased tenfold compared with that of PBL. IgM synthesis was on the same level as in PBL. Although both PBL and CML cultured with PWM showed similar synthesis of IgG, IgA, and IgM in UC and healthy controls, the spontaneous synthesis of IgA and IgM in CML from patients with UC was approximately double that in the controls. Furthermore, in UC both PBL and CML had decreased Con A induced suppressor-cell activity compared with controls. A defect of suppressor cell activity and an increased number of T cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of UC. PMID- 3161261 TI - The local immune response to large bowel tumors. AB - Methods are described for the purification on isokinetic gradients of isolated large bowel lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) and large bowel adenocarcinoma infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). The in vitro cytotoxic and proliferative responses of these lymphocytes and of peripheral blood lymphocytes from tumor patients were assayed. Neither K cell nor NK cell cytotoxic activity was detected in LPL and TIL, although both types of lytic response were present in PBL. Lectin induced cytotoxicity was mediated by LPL and TIL populations, but their responses in this assay were reduced comparable to that of PBL. Although TIL comprised equivalent T cell proportions to PBL, the proliferative response of TIL T cells was comparatively lower. LPL and TIL populations, but their responses in this assay were reduced comparable to that of PBL. Although TIL comprised equivalent T cell proportions to PBL, the proliferative response of TIL T cells was comparatively lower. Co-culture experiments and attempts to induce suppressor cells with concanavalin A suggested that the reduced proliferative response of T cells infiltrating these tumors was not due to the action of suppressor lymphocytes. PMID- 3161262 TI - Belgian multicenter in vitro study of norfloxacin. PMID- 3161263 TI - Sexual differences in the effect of serotonin on LH secretion in rats. AB - The effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), a serotonin (5-HT) precursor, on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion was studied in prepubertal male and female rats of different ages. In females 5-HTP stimulated LH release on days 16, 18 and 20 but not in older rats (26, 30, 35 days of age). No effects of 5-HTP on LH levels were observed in males. The positive feed-back mechanism of oestrogen progesterone (E-P), that normally matures in the female between 20 and 26 days, was inhibited by 5-HTP in all the ages studied during prepuberty (26, 30 and 35 days old). On the other hand, in adult ovariectomized rats, 5-HTP administration not only decreased the high LH levels induced by ovariectomy, but the LH release response to E-P as well. These results indicate that there are sexual differences in the effect of 5-HT on LH in prepubertal rats younger than 26 days old. Administration of p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) a serotonin neurotoxin selective for serotoninergic neurons that depletes 5-HT levels in the brain, induced a significant increase in the LH release response to LRH in females, but had no effect in males. These results, besides suggesting a probable pituitary participation in the 5-HT action on LH secretion in the female, appear to indicate the existence of sexual differences in the effect of 5-HT in adult rats. PMID- 3161264 TI - Vasomotor symptoms and estrogen-progestogen therapy. PMID- 3161266 TI - Osteoarthrosis. Changes of bone, cartilage and synovial membrane in relation to bone scintigraphy. AB - The present study was undertaken to investigate the sites at which the 99mTc phosphorous compounds bind to skeletal tissue in general, and their localization at different stages of osteoarthritis in particular, in order thereby to arrive at a better morphological basis for interpreting the scintigrams. It was endeavoured also to relate the uptake of bone-seeking agents to abnormal changes in cartilage, synovium, and subchondral bone to obtain better insight into the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. The bone remodelling activities in subchondral bone in osteoarthritic human femoral heads were elucidated by the alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts and the acid phosphatase activity of osteoclasts. The enzyme activity was measured semiquantitatively by the initial time for the histochemical reaction. The distribution of the activity of the two enzymes in different areas proved parallel, and considerable variation in enzyme activity was seen between different areas within the same femoral head. Increased osteoarthritic cartilaginous changes were associated with increased subchondral enzyme activity, highest in denuded weightbearing areas and in the osteophytes and lowest in non-weightbearing subchondral bone and centrally in the femoral head. Studies on different histochemical staining of glycosaminoglycans in the matrix of human osteoarthritic cartilage and of normal cartilage revealed a heterogeneous distribution of the different glycosaminoglycans through the cartilage. Except for superficial loss of glycosaminoglycans, no difference was found in the distribution of keratan sulphate between osteoarthritic cartilage and control cartilage. In osteoarthritis, however, a relative increase in stainability for chondroitin sulphate was found in the territorial area, especially around the cell clusters, and only chondroitin sulphate was present in the cartilage of osteophytes. These findings were interpreted as an increased GAG metabolism, its mode of production being like that of very young cartilage. In the experimental rabbit model used in studying the uptake of bone-seeking agents this GAG regeneration was able to refill demasked collagen network with glycosaminoglycans in certain areas of the joint. The height of the depleted superficial area was estimated on patellar cartilage stained for sulphated GAG with toluidine blue-0 at pH 3, visually and by optical densitometry using the wavelength corresponding to the gamma-band of toluidine blue. The time relation of the surface depletion was elucidated. A marked depletion of GAG, seen one week postoperatively, reached a maximum at 4 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3161267 TI - Selenium in plasma and erythrocytes in patients with Down's syndrome and healthy controls. Variation in relation to age, sex and glutathione peroxidase activity in erythrocytes. AB - The mean plasma selenium concentration (P-Se) in 65 patients with Down's syndrome (DS) did not differ from that in 90 healthy controls. The concentration of selenium in the erythrocytes (E-Se) was higher in DS patients than in controls (p less than 0.001). P-Se and E-Se increased progressively with age through childhood in both DS children and controls. The former children, however, started out with higher levels of E-Se and reached adult concentrations earlier (at 7-17 years) than controls (greater than or equal to 18 years). Adult DS patients and controls did not differ in their mean P-Se or E-Se concentration. There was a significant correlation between P-Se and E-Se both in DS patients and in controls. In DS patients each of these two variables was significantly correlated to glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in erythrocytes. A sex difference in the DS children, but not in the controls, was observed with regard to P-Se and E Se levels, these being higher in DS girls during childhood (0-17 years). This was in accordance with an earlier finding of higher GSH-Px activity in DS girls than in DS boys. PMID- 3161265 TI - Pharmacodynamic studies on desogestrel administered alone and in combination with ethinylestradiol. AB - Most progestogens in oral contraceptives are testosterone derivatives and have androgenic side effects such as weight increase, acne and hirsutism. They pose a problem to many women just like the clinical picture of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) with obesity, hirsutism, acne and amenorrhea. The aim of this study was to evaluate androgenicity of the most used progestogens with special reference to desogestrel which is a new progestogen. Radioimmunoassay was used for hormone determination while serum proteins were determined with electroimmunoassay or in some studies for sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) with capacity assays. Serum lipids and lipoproteins were determined in serum and after ultracentrifugation in HDL, LDL and VLDL fractions. In a comparative study on levonorgestrel/ethinylestradiol (EE) (n = 10) versus desogestrel/ethinylestradiol (n = 10) the latter combination gave increases in SHBG capacity while the former did not. Similar increases in estrogen-sensitive proteins cortisol binding globulin (CBG) and ceruloplasmin indicated that the estrogenicity and "antiestrogenicity" was the same for the two combinations whereas the androgenicity of levonorgestrel was greater giving a reduction in the EE-induced increase in SHBG (SHBG is increased by estrogens and suppressed by androgens). When giving desogestrel 0.125-0.500 mg and lynestrenol 5 mg alone in daily doses to a group of regularly menstruating women (n = 8) strong suppression of SHBG was achieved while ceruloplasmin, CBG and thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) did not change. TBG is decreased and prealbumin increased by androgenic/anabolic activity but only a moderate increase in prealbumin was found during lynestrenol treatment. The changes in SHBG are probably the result of a dose-dependent receptor interaction related to 17 alpha-alkylation in 19 norsteroids. Twenty women with PCO were treated for 8 months with 0.150 mg desogestrel/0.030 mg EE. Evaluation was done before treatment and after 3 and 8 "pill" cycles regarding androgens, estradiol, SHBG, hirsutism and body weight. Spontaneous menstrual cycles were assessed after treatment. Serum lipids and lipoproteins were studied before treatment and at the end of the third "cycle". In PCO the suppression of increased total and free testosterone levels (in comparison to 22 healthy women) was evident during treatment, concordant with increases in SHBG capacity. Hirsutism was suppressed and body weight was reduced in obese women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3161268 TI - Acute infectious lymphocytosis: phenotype of the proliferating cell. AB - A case of acute infectious lymphocytosis in an otherwise healthy 2-year-old child is reported. Marker analysis of the expanded blood lymphocytes showed that they were predominantly T cells and that there was a considerable increase in the helper/inducer phenotype (OKT4+) population. However, the lymphocyte response to polyclonal T-cell activators was low. This is the first report on T-cell subset distribution in acute infectious lymphocytosis. PMID- 3161270 TI - A contribution to the development of intraparotidean lymphatic tissue in man. PMID- 3161269 TI - Structural and functional adaptation in the rat myocardium and coronary vascular bed caused by changes in pressure and volume load. AB - The structural and functional characteristics of the myocardium and coronary vessels are major determinants of cardiac function. Both can be influenced by long-term hemodynamic changes, such as sustained alterations of pressure and/or volume load on the heart. The diastolic pressure-volume relationship of the left ventricle (LV) was evaluated in arrested isolated hearts from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), Wistar Kyoto normotensive rats (WKY), pregnant and hyperthyroid SHR and WKY. Such measurements of the LV dimensions were also performed after antihypertensive therapy by hydralazine, felodipine, metoprolol and alpha-methyldopa. Cardiac function was studied in a perfusion system in which external work could be measured at various pre- and afterloads. Coronary flow and O2-extraction could also be determined. LV function was examined in young and aged SHR and WKY, in metoprolol-felodipine treated SHR and in two-kidney, one clip hypertension before and after its reversal by renal artery unclipping. The SHR LV in early established primary hypertension mainly showed eccentric hypertrophy, with increased LV enddiastolic volume for a given filling pressure and a marginal reduction of wall to lumen ratio (w/ri). Hence, a higher stroke volume could be delivered for a given myocardial fibre shortening. Nevertheless, when challenged by high afterloads, LV function in SHR was considerably augmented compared with WKY. The antihypertensive drugs used reduce arterial pressure in different ways, which may differently affect cardiac design. Generally, the results suggest that wall thickness was structurally adapted to keep w/ri balanced to the prevailing blood pressure, while internal radius was adapted to long-term changes in diastolic filling. Thus sympatholytic drugs which lowered arterial pressure by reducing cardiac output, induced a reduction of wall thickness at a minor change of internal radius, while drugs which reduced pressure by systemic vasodilation increased internal radius, thus reducing w/ri. Further, the results stress the importance also to consider the type of load which causes LV hypertrophy, and how rapidly it is imposed. Thus, renal hypertension was associated with reduced LV performance, despite considerable hypertrophy. However, on reversal of renal hypertension by unclipping, cardiac function was soon enhanced to match the degree of LV hypertrophy as in SHR. This suggests that the renal hypertensive state per se adds some cardio-depressive influence, possibly by inducing reversible changes of cardiac myosin isoenzymes, which tends to offset the improved ventricular performance inherent in LV hypertrophy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3161271 TI - [Direct connections from the cat tegmentum mesencephali and corpus geniculatum mediale to cerebral cortical area 5]. PMID- 3161272 TI - [Adaptation of the rotary microtome for semiautomatic use]. PMID- 3161274 TI - Some methodical and morphological aspects of the bentonite-induced inflammatory reaction in rat. PMID- 3161273 TI - The effect of "spreading depression" on nonesterified fatty acids in the brain structures. PMID- 3161275 TI - The effect of chalone-like factors from the rat brain extract in vitro. PMID- 3161276 TI - Application of Con A-FITC and Con A-HRP conjugates in histological diagnostics of digestive tract tumours. PMID- 3161277 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)]. PMID- 3161278 TI - Our experience with diagnosing leukemic immunocytoma. PMID- 3161279 TI - [Surgical treatment and correction with soft contact lenses of cataracts in children]. PMID- 3161280 TI - [Malignant diseases of the extrahepatic bile ducts and the pancreas]. PMID- 3161282 TI - Type III hyperlipoproteinaemia: clinicopathological observation of five cases. PMID- 3161281 TI - Could beta-2-microglobulin be a useful diagnostic tool in malignant lymphoma and other haematological malignancy? PMID- 3161283 TI - Seasons of year and tetanic syndrome. PMID- 3161284 TI - Tetanic syndrome during year seasons. III. Behaviour of wave M in ischemic and postischemic phase of ischemic test. PMID- 3161285 TI - [EEG activation methods in psychiatry (with consideration of emotional states)]. PMID- 3161286 TI - Electroencephalographic studies of psychopharmaca in Czechoslovakia. An overview. PMID- 3161287 TI - Capillary gas chromatography of natural substances from Cannabis sativa L. I. Cannabinol and cannabinolic acid--artefacts. PMID- 3161288 TI - [Pharmacotherapy of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 3161289 TI - School-achievement test: reliability of the item difficulty measurement. PMID- 3161290 TI - Probability distribution of the school-achievement test ranked score. PMID- 3161291 TI - Discrimination indices of the school-achievement test upper-lower index. PMID- 3161292 TI - Cystine metabolism in the dermatophyte Microsporum gypseum. I. Utilization of cystine in media containing glucose. PMID- 3161293 TI - Quantitative assessment of morphological changes in the capillaries of the rat myocardium following local irradiation of the head. PMID- 3161295 TI - The main and the accessory olfactory bulb in the hedgehog (a light microscopic study). PMID- 3161294 TI - Angioarchitectonics of hedgehog diencephalon. PMID- 3161296 TI - [Pedodontics, a new discipline? "From children's operative dentistry pediatric dentistry"]. PMID- 3161297 TI - Functional and orientational features of protein molecules in reconstituted lipid membranes. PMID- 3161299 TI - Synthesis of thromboxanes, prostacyclin, and the endoperoxides. PMID- 3161298 TI - Chemistry and structure of cyclooxygenase-derived eicosanoids: a historical perspective. PMID- 3161300 TI - Prostaglandin analogs. PMID- 3161301 TI - Synthesis of prostacyclin analogs. PMID- 3161302 TI - Synthesis of classical prostaglandins. PMID- 3161304 TI - Long-term efficacy of collagen. AB - The criteria for assessing efficacy and the factors that affect the long-term persistence of collagen injection are discussed. The response obtained will depend on the type of lesion that is treated. It is important to provide full information for the patient before treatment to ensure optimal patient satisfaction whatever the objective response may be. PMID- 3161303 TI - Injectable collagen: a six-year clinical investigation. AB - An injectable form of bovine dermal collagen has been developed for use in correcting cutaneous contour deficiencies. This material is a sterile device composed predominantly of highly purified type I collagen dispersed in phosphate buffered physiological saline containing 0.3% lidocaine. The safety and efficacy of injectable collagen, which is now in widespread clinical use in the United States, Canada, England, Germany, France, Switzerland, Brazil, and 11 other countries, were evaluated in a 6 1/2-year investigation in which 5,109 patients were evaluated by 728 dermatologists and plastic surgeons. The incidence of adverse treatment reactions was 1.3%, most of which manifested with localized swelling and erythema. Current data covering an estimated 100,000 patients indicate that the incidence of treatment reactions has not increased during the 3 1/2 years since the material was cleared for marketing by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Subjective assessment of efficacy indicated that the material may be employed successfully to elevate dermal contour defects associated with various etiological factors. PMID- 3161305 TI - Correction of age- and disease-related contour deficiencies of the face. AB - The main indications for Zyderm Collagen Implant in the face are for the correction of acne scars and facial wrinkles, such as the lines of the forehead, crow's feet, naso-labial crease lines, and creases of the lips. Few complications have been found, but it is vitally important that patients are carefully assessed and well informed before treatment is commenced. PMID- 3161307 TI - Iliac artery rupture during transluminal angioplasty: treatment by embolization and surgical bypass. PMID- 3161306 TI - [Variation of lysosomal enzymes activity in Arthus type experimental uveitis]. PMID- 3161309 TI - Study of eosinophilia in relation to serum IgE level and cell mediated immunity (CMI) to soluble egg antigen (SEA) in human schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - Eosinophil count, delayed intradermal test and lymphoblast transformation test (LTT) using SEA, have been used to study the correlation of eosinophilia with CMI in patients with schistosomiasis mansoni. Only a weak positive correlation was found between the eosinophil count and both in vivo and in vitro manifestations of CMI. When IgE serum level was correlated with eosinophil count, a positive correlation was only found in cases with hepato-splenic disease (those with increased CMI). PMID- 3161308 TI - Dissection complicating angioplasty. AB - Extensive arterial dissection producing significant arterial obstruction or occlusion after technically uncomplicated percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in three patients is described. Despite the initially ominous arteriographic appearance, short-term (4-8 months) follow-up demonstrated complete resolution without surgical intervention. A trial of conservative management is recommended for this complication. PMID- 3161310 TI - Adoptive transfer of transplantation tolerance in the H-2 compatible mouse system CBA/C3H. Transfer of lymphocyte subpopulations into irradiated and non-irradiated mice. AB - Transfer of neonatally induced tolerance in the H-2 compatible CBA/C3H strain combination is possible with different efficiency by injection of adherent and non-adherent spleen cells, unseparated spleen cells and lymph node cells from C3H tolerant CBA mice into sublethal irradiated CBA mice. The most efficient cell populations are adherent spleen cells and lymph node cells. Successful transfer of transplantation tolerance is not possible to non-irradiated mice. The adherent fraction of spleen cells and lymph node cells contains a suppressor cell population responsible for transplantation tolerance against non-H-2 antigens. The induced transplantation tolerance is not due to a chimaeric state of C3H tolerant CBA mice. PMID- 3161311 TI - The effect of the glucocorticoid Prednisolut on the phenoloxidase containing cells (POC) of the blood and connective tissue. AB - By means of the histochemical technique for the enzyme phenoloxidase (PO; EC 1.14.18.1) it was demonstrated a direct effect of the glucocorticoid on the PO cell system. The hormone influenced the morphology and enzyme activity of the cells. PMID- 3161312 TI - "Natural antibodies" against yeast--a flow-microfluorometric approach. AB - Fluorescent labeling of antibodies in connection with flow-microfluorometry was applied to "natural antibodies" against yeast strains Candida maltosa and Yarrowia lipolytica, obtained by cell column chromatography. It is shown that "natural antibodies" against these yeast strains react in a specific manner with the surface of the cells. PMID- 3161313 TI - [Effect of drugs on granulocyte motility]. AB - The in-vitro influence of drugs on the chemokinesis and chemotaxis of neutrophils was investigated in order to prevent additional drug-induced motility impairment of cells in cases of already existing host defense disorders and for an eventual specific treatment of motility defects. Granulocyte motility is unimpaired by penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, streptomycin, nystatin, and cyclophosphamide. The chemokinesis and chemotaxis of neutrophils are inhibited by erythromycin, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, hydrocortisone, g strophanthin, digoxin, and digitoxin and in higher concentrations also by sulfonamides, gentamycin, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, and phenylbutazone. Chemotaxis is selectively or rather more inhibited than chemokinesis by amphotericin B, griseofulvin, vinblastine++, trifluoperazine, and promethazine. Granulocyte motility is, however, stimulated by ascorbic acid, potassium thiocyanate, levamisole, lithium, and metofenazate. PMID- 3161314 TI - Study of platelet-associated-immunoglobulins in lymphoproliferative disorders. AB - In the development of thrombocytopenia in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders immunological factors may play the decisive role. Platelet-associated immunoglobulins were investigated by anti-human IgG and anti-human IgM-coated polyacrylamide beads ("Immunobeads") with light microscopy. Among the 65 patients studied 19 had thrombocytopenia and four of them had an increased number of platelet-immunobead rosettes. In four cases from the group of patients with normal platelet count this phenomenon was also demonstrated. The platelet associated immunoglobulin was IgG except of one case in which it was IgM. Studying of platelet-associated immunoglobulins might have significance first of all in the choice of the most adequate therapy. PMID- 3161315 TI - [The role of the cytoskeleton in lymphocyte stimulation]. AB - The influence of the cytoskeleton active drugs Cytochalasin B and Colchicine on the 3H-thymidine and 14C-uridine incorporation of Con A stimulated lymphocytes of mice was studied. Both drugs had no influence on the entry of the Con A incubated lymphocytes into the G1-phase but inhibited significantly the entry into the S phase of the cell cycle. Cytochalasin B and Colchicine differ in their effect on the release of charge changing lymphokines. Colchicine did not influence this release in contrast to Cytochalasin B. The results show that both Cytochalasin B and Colchicine suppress cellular processes which are necessary for going beyond the commitment point. A possible importance of the microfilaments for the release of lymphokines and of the microtubuli for the expression of lymphokine receptors is discussed. PMID- 3161316 TI - [Comparative studies of the determination of T lymphocytes in human peripheral blood]. AB - Different methods for determination of T-lymphocytes in human peripheral blood were compared: rosetting with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), AET-treated SRBC, immunofluorescence using a monoclonal antibody against T cells (BL-T2), complement dependent cytolysis with polyclonal antisera against thymocytes, cytochemical demonstration of unspecific acid alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase (ANAE), and electrophoretic mobility using a cell electrophoresis system (PARMOQUANT 2). Depending on the method, mean values between 70 and 79% T cells among separated mononuclear cells (MNC) were found. All paired observations were subjected to statistical analysis using rank correlation and U-test. From this analysis it is concluded that rosetting with SRBC, immunofluorescence using the monoclonal T-cell antibody and cytochemical reactivity for ANAE are favored methods for determining the T cell content of human MNC. However, the monoclonal antibody BL-T2 and the ANAE are not generally applicable because both markers were also found on malignant B-lymphocytes (B-CLL). PMID- 3161317 TI - Coronary angioplasty: current concepts. AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is a nonsurgical method of dilating stenotic coronary arteries and relieving angina. Successful outcome is directly related to operator experience. Although the complication rate is low, restenosis remains a significant problem. The role of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is still evolving, but it has already become a reasonable treatment option for many patients with symptomatic ischemic heart disease. PMID- 3161318 TI - Effects of amrinone on myocardial energetics in severe congestive heart failure. AB - Animal and human studies suggest that amrinone can cause significant improvement in the systemic hemodynamics of patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF), and do so without increasing myocardial oxygen consumption. Because patients with CHF appear to be vulnerable to any further worsening of the myocardial oxygen supply-and-demand balance, amrinone may have a distinct advantage over catecholamine agents that tend to increase myocardial oxygen demand. PMID- 3161319 TI - Digital coronary roadmapping as an aid for performing coronary angioplasty. AB - In an attempt to improve visualization of the position of the guidewire and dilatation balloon during coronary angioplasty, a method was developed called digital coronary roadmapping. With this method a digitally acquired coronary angiogram is interlaced with the live fluoroscopic image of the guidewire and balloon catheter. The digital coronary angiogram is superimposed at the same magnification and radiologic projection as the live fluoroscopic image onto the video monitor above the catheterization table. The digital roadmap image thus provides immediate feedback to the angiographer to assist in directing the guidewire into the appropriate coronary artery branch and to help in placement of the balloon so that it straddles the site of stenosis. PMID- 3161321 TI - Picture of the month. Varicella. PMID- 3161320 TI - Prosthetic repair of coarctation of the aorta with particular reference to Dacron onlay patch grafts and late aneurysm formation. AB - Prosthetic material was used in the repair of coarctation of the aorta in 72 patients followed for 8 months to 24 years after operation. False aneurysms occurred late postoperatively in 1 of 17 instances when a tube graft was used to replace the resected aorta and in 1 of 2 patients when the graft bypassed the obstructed area. A Dacron onlay patch graft (DOPG) was used in 52 patients as the primary method of repair, to revise a previous repair or as an adjunct to another procedure at the time of initial operation. True or false late aneurysm occurred between 6 and 18 years postoperatively in 5 of the 38 patients in whom a DOPG was used for primary repair of the coarctation or to revise an earlier repair, an actuarial incidence of 38% at 14 years. Diagnosis of aneurysm formation late postoperatively depends on awareness of this complication and careful assessment of lateral as well as posteroanterior chest radiographs. DOPG should be avoided whenever possible. PMID- 3161322 TI - Asymmetric septal hypertrophy of the heart. New findings concerning the possible etiology of sudden deaths in five males. AB - This report describes certain interesting postmortem findings in the hearts of five subjects who died suddenly, silently, and unexpectedly, and in whom the only significant abnormality at autopsy was asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) of the heart. Deep clefts, cystic faults, and dilated vascular channels were not only seen within the septal myocardium in all the hearts, but also within the left ventricular free walls of two hearts. The septal myocardium and the left ventricular free walls of two hearts and the A-V node and His bundle of one heart demonstrated mural and luminal thrombi of several dilated vascular channels. In another heart, foci of cardiocytic myofibrillar degeneration were seen, especially close to narrowed small coronary vessels. Fetal dispersion and fibrosis of the A-V node and His bundle were evident in one heart. These abnormalities in the conducting system and the ventricular myocardium suggest that the hearts of subjects with ASH are not only excellent anatomic substrates for lethal arrhythmias, but also are bound to be hemodynamically impaired. We believe that conditions such as hypoxia, increased oxygen demand by the heart or abnormal sympathetic stimulus may easily trigger fatal arrhythmias in such individuals, thereby causing sudden death. PMID- 3161323 TI - Framingham Disability Study: relationship of disability to cardiovascular risk factors among persons free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease. AB - The relationship between physical disability and cardiovascular risk factors among persons free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease was examined. Between 1948 and 1951, a cohort of adult, Framingham, Massachusetts, residents was assembled for a longitudinal examination of cardiovascular disease. Twenty-seven years after the participants' initial examination (between 1976 and 1978), members of the cohort who were still participating in the Framingham Heart Study were interviewed to ascertain their self-assessed ability to perform various physical activities. A score on the cumulative disability index was assigned to 2,021 persons free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease. Analyses controlled for noncardiovascular health conditions which were identified as related to disability. Among women, both long-term and current hypertension and body mass index, as well as diabetes, were associated with disability. Among men, long-term hypertension was related to disability. Age-specific analyses indicated that, for women, current hypertension was statistically significantly related to disability in the middle and oldest age groups; long-term hypertension was related to disability in the middle age group. Both long-term and current measures of diabetes in the oldest age group and long-term measure of cigarette use in the middle age group of women were also related to disability. Age-specific analyses among men indicated that the only statistically significant risk factor was long term hypertension in the youngest age group. Cholesterol was not related to disability. Results suggest that certain cardiovascular risk factors should be considered in efforts to understand further the development of disability. PMID- 3161324 TI - Role of arachidonic acid metabolism in human platelet activation and irreversible aggregation. AB - Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that the aggregation response of platelets inhibited by agents blocking cyclooxygenase activity could be restored to a normal state of sensitivity by prior stimulation of alpha adrenergic receptors. Since cyclooxygenase activity and thromboxane synthesis are not absolutely required for irreversible platelet aggregation, it is important to define precisely what role this pathway serves in platelet physiology. The present study has evaluated the influence of agents that selectively block arachidonic acid conversion at different steps of synthesis. Inhibition of peroxidase, cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and thromboxane synthetase blocked the second wave response of platelets to several agonists, but did not cause dissociation of aggregates preformed by prior exposure to arachidonate (AA) or adenosine diphosphate. Phospholipase (A2/C) inhibitors, similar to prostaglandin inhibitors, blocked the second wave response of platelets to the action of agonists and, in addition, caused dissociation of aggregates induced by aggregating agents. Results of our study demonstrate that when single agonists are tested at threshold concentrations, products of arachidonate metabolism may play a role in the activation process. However, continued generation of these metabolites does not appear to be essential for the maintenance of irreversible aggregation. When a combination of agents or high concentration of physiological agonists are used, both activation and irreversible aggregation can be secured independent of prostaglandin synthesis or the release reaction. PMID- 3161325 TI - The adolescent with essential hypertension. AB - Clinical features in a comparably studied group of hypertensive and normotensive adolescents are described. Hypertensive hyperreninemia occurred in four of 28 hypertensive adolescents; suppressed plasma renin activity was found in five of 27 hypertensive adolescents. Only one of five adolescents identified as having suppressed plasma renin activity after ingesting a low-salt diet for three days had a hyporesponsive response to acute extracellular volume contraction. Pressure natriuresis was documented in six of 32 adolescents. Compared to normotensive, the hypertensive group was found to have elevated levels of serum uric acid. Plasma renin activity was higher in hypertensive children with hyperuricemia than in those with normouricemia. The hypertensive adolescents also had higher levels of serum calcium and phosphorus. Two-thirds of the hypertensive adolescents had echocardiographic changes of myocardial hypertrophy. No ophthalmologic nor renal abnormalities were documented in the hypertensive group. A review of factors influencing blood pressure changes during childhood and current considerations for therapy are included. PMID- 3161326 TI - The electrocardiogram in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Study of 102 consecutive cases with functional correlations and review of the literature. AB - The electrocardiographic findings in 102 consecutive patients with scleroderma were reviewed to determine the frequency and nature of the electrocardiographic abnormalities associated with this disease. Septal infarction pattern unassociated with QRS prolongation was present in 10 percent, compared with none of 96 control subjects (p less than 0.001). Ventricular conduction abnormalities were present in 17 percent. A normal electrocardiogram was obtained in 49 percent. A subset of 48 patients underwent detailed cardiopulmonary evaluation including exercise thallium scintigraphy, rest and exercise radionuclide ventriculography, pulmonary function tests, and chest roentgenography. Functional correlations of the electrocardiographic findings were examined in this subset. Septal infarction pattern (five of 48) and ventricular conduction abnormalities (10 of 48) were both associated with septal or anteroseptal thallium perfusion abnormalities (10 of 15 versus six of 33 of the remainder, p less than 0.005), which were present despite normal coronary angiographic results. Thallium defect scores were greater in patients with septal infarction pattern or ventricular conduction abnormalities compared with the remainder (defect scores 3.0 +/- 2.6 versus 1.4 +/- 2.2, respectively, p less than 0.025). In patients with ventricular conduction abnormalities, both left bundle branch block and right bundle branch block with left anterior fascicular block were associated with abnormal left ventricular function, whereas isolated right bundle branch block or left anterior fascicular block was associated with normal left ventricular function. A normal electrocardiographic finding (19 of 48) was associated with normal left ventricular function at rest (19 of 19). However, 11 of 19 (58 percent) had thallium perfusion defects and four of 19 (21 percent) had an abnormal response to exercise, although in none was the peak ejection fraction less than 50 percent. It is concluded that both septal infarction pattern and ventricular conduction abnormalities are electrocardiographic abnormalities associated with scleroderma heart disease; they appear to be a result of myocardial fibrosis. Some degree of myocardial fibrosis may be present with a normal electrocardiographic result, but significant left ventricular dysfunction is unlikely. Septal infarction pattern and ventricular conduction abnormalities, when present, are indicators of more advanced fibrosis. PMID- 3161327 TI - Nuchal cysts syndromes: etiology, pathogenesis, and prenatal diagnosis. AB - We examined 10 fetuses with nuchal cysts and compared the findings with 32 cases from the literature. Based on their characteristics, we propose that nuchal cysts are signs of four causally and pathogenetically different entities: cystic nuchal blebs present in otherwise normal fetuses as a postmortem change; 45,X fetuses who have a particular appearance and multiple congenital malformations; an apparently autosomal recessive syndrome of multiple cysts (that extend into deep muscular planes), generalized edema, cleft palate, peculiar skeletal characteristics, acutely angulated ribs (producing a bell-shaped rib cage), and shortened long bones; and in fetuses with syndromes that are inherited (multiple pterygium, Roberts) and chromosomal (trisomy 13, trisomy 21) as an unspecific sign representing both primary and secondary lesions. PMID- 3161328 TI - Anthropometric observation of adults with Down syndrome. AB - Estimates of body composition were made for a group of male and female adults with Down syndrome. Somatotype assessments revealed that all subjects had high endomorphic components (62% were classified as mesomorphic-endomorphs). Values for percentage body fat were compared with those reported for a nonhandicapped population. Results showed abnormally high percentage body fat for subjects with Down syndrome when compared by age and sex with nonretarded groups. Body fat did not increase with age but was consistently high at all age levels within the group, suggesting that elevation of body fat levels occurred prior to adulthood. PMID- 3161329 TI - Manual asymmetries in the performance of sequential movement by adolescents and adults with Down syndrome. AB - Movement-sequencing deficits and possible manual-performance asymmetries in right handed adolescents and adults with Down syndrome were examined. In Experiment 1, subjects with Down syndrome and retarded and nonretarded control subjects finger tapped with both hands. Although both retarded groups finger-tapped more slowly than did nonretarded subjects, the two retarded groups did not differ. Subjects with Down syndrome, however, failed to show a manual performance asymmetry in favor of the right hand. In Experiment 2, a finger-tapping task and a cross-hand transfer of training paradigm were used to examine hemispheric dominance for movement sequencing. Although subjects with Down syndrome again showed no hand differences in tapping performance, they evidenced the same transfer of training asymmetries as did subjects without Down syndrome, suggesting that both the subjects with Down syndrome and the control subjects had a left-hemisphere dominance for movement sequencing. PMID- 3161330 TI - Black lung and silicosis. PMID- 3161331 TI - Isolated endometriosis in an inguinal hernia. AB - Presented is the case of a patient with inguinal endometriosis adjacent to a hernia sac in whom laparoscopy revealed no evidence of pelvic endometriosis. PMID- 3161332 TI - Origin of immature teratoma of the ovary. AB - Six cases of immature teratoma of the ovary were karyotyped and analyzed for chromosomal heteromorphisms, enzyme polymorphisms, and HLA specificities to determine their mechanism of origin. Three cases were chromosomally abnormal, with karyotypes of 48,XX, +14, +21; 47,XX, +20; and 47,XXX, respectively. The tumors with 48,XX, +14, +21 and 47,XX, +20 karyotypes were heterozygous for chromosomal heteromorphisms which were identical to those of their host and therefore originated from a premeiotic cell or failure of meiosis I. Both had a poor prognosis. The 47,XXX tumor and the three cases with normal karyotypes were homozygous for chromosome heteromorphisms and either homozygous or heterozygous for enzyme and HLA markers and therefore originated from a failure of meiosis II or duplication of a mature haploid ovum. All four had an uneventful postoperative course. These observations show that immature teratomas are like cystic teratomas in having at least three separate mechanisms of origin. However, they are unlike cystic teratomas in having a high proportion with chromosome abnormalities and a high rate of malignant transformation. PMID- 3161333 TI - Peritoneal fluid 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha levels in women with endometriosis. AB - Peritoneal fluid was collected from women undergoing investigations for infertility at laparoscopy performed during the luteal phase. The volume of fluid was recorded and concentrations of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha were determined by radioimmunoassay. No difference was found in either the total amount or the concentration of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha in the women with or without endometriosis. Furthermore, there was no difference in the volume of peritoneal fluid between these two groups of women. We conclude that 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha in peritoneal fluid is not associated with macroscopically visible endometriosis. PMID- 3161334 TI - Immunophenotypic differences between dermatopathic lymphadenopathy and lymph node involvement in mycosis fungoides. AB - The authors applied a battery of monoclonal antibodies to T cells and other hematolymphoid cells on frozen tissue sections of lymph nodes with involvement by MF and DL, both with and without a history of MF. All 13 lymph nodes showing histologic involvement with MF showed immunophenotypic abnormalities. All of these cases showed significant loss of Leu-9 expression, and 10 cases showed significant loss of Leu-8 expression. In addition, occasional cases showed loss of the pan-T-cell markers Leu-1, 4, and 5. All cases of DL of histologic grade LN 0 or 1, with or without a history of MF, showed a predominance of T helper cells in paracortical regions without evidence of immunophenotypic abnormalities. Three of the 4 cases of DL of histologic grade LN-2 or 3 showed significant loss of Leu 8 and/or Leu-9 expression identified by a decrease in the ratio of paracortical Leu-8/Leu-4 or Leu-9/Leu-4-expressing cells, all cases with a history of possible or definite MF. These results raise the possibility that the immunologic methods employed may be able to identify cases of DL with early involvement by MF. PMID- 3161337 TI - Altered carnitine metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Carnitine metabolism was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Carnitine levels were elevated by 25% in hypertrophied hearts of 10- and 15-wk old SHR when compared with Wistar-Kyoto (WKy) controls. This elevation was associated with a greater than 25% increase in total serum carnitine. The elevated serum carnitine does not appear to be due to increased mobilization from skeletal muscle because carnitine levels were elevated by 25% in gastrocnemius and diaphragm of SHR. Elevated serum carnitine is also not a result of reduced urinary excretion because daily urinary carnitine output was increased by 150% in SHR. These findings suggest that the most likely mechanism for increased serum carnitine is increased carnitine synthesis by the liver. The changes in carnitine metabolism in SHR appear to occur between 5 and 10 wk of age, because the carnitine levels in serum and organs were comparable in 5-wk-old WKy and SHR. The observed alterations in tissue and serum carnitine levels may result in altered fatty acid utilization in SHR. PMID- 3161335 TI - Ultrastructural morphometric analysis of normal human lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with mitogens and antigens. AB - In the present study the authors attempt to experimentally produce the characteristic cerebriform appearance of Sezary cells from normal cells by stimulation in vitro with a variety of mitogens and antigens. Lymphocytes were stimulated with the mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen and the antigens spherulin, Candida, and herpes simplex virus Type I. In vitro blast transformation was measured in tritiated thymidine uptake microculture systems. Nuclear contours were morphometrically analyzed with the use of a computerized planimeter. An exhaustive search for Sezary-type cells did not reveal any nuclear profiles that were highly convoluted. The lowest form factor value obtained from the stimulated cultures was 0.14. This value represents 14% of a circle. All stimulated cultures analyzed morphometrically showed significant blast transformation. There was no correlation between the degree of stimulation and the nuclear contour values. An analysis of mean form factor values from ten separate lymphoid populations revealed that neither mitogens nor antigens had any effect on increasing the nuclear irregularity of lymphoid cells. One PHA-stimulated culture, in fact, had less irregular nuclear contours than the 3-day unstimulated control cells. The difference in these means was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). In addition, morphometric analysis of 73 published electron micrographs of human lymphoid cells from a variety of clinical and experimental conditions showing irregular nuclear contours revealed that only 5% had nuclei that were more irregular than the most convoluted nuclei analyzed from lymphocytes stimulated in vitro in the present study. The authors have shown that mitogen- and antigen-stimulated cells do not display the highly irregular nuclear outlines commonly seen in the Sezary syndrome and mycosis fungoides and emphasize the need for more objective analysis of Sezary-like nuclear profiles to determine their specificity. PMID- 3161338 TI - Laser-Doppler, H2 clearance, and microsphere estimates of mucosal blood flow. AB - In autoperfused preparations of feline jejunum, blood flow was measured from the mucosal surface with laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and hydrogen gas (H2) clearance techniques while blood flow was altered by intra-arterial infusions of isoproterenol. LDV and H2 clearance estimates of blood flow were compared with total-wall and mucosal-submucosal blood flows measured with the radiolabeled microsphere technique. Over the range (26.3-73.6 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1) of blood flows attained, a series of direct linear relationships were obtained among LDV, H2 clearance, and microsphere estimates of jejunal blood flow. The slopes of these relationships indicated that the H2 clearance technique over-estimates total intestinal blood flow but reflects mucosal-submucosal flow as measured with microspheres. LDV measurements of blood flow from the mucosal surface were equally well correlated with total and mucosal-submucosal blood flow measured by microspheres, thereby not allowing for a definitive conclusion on the measurement depth of the LDV method. However, the ability of the LDV method to detect changes in blood flow in the perfused gut, even through 3 mm of unperfused tissue, casts a doubt on the assumption that the LDV method has a spatial resolution of less than 0.5-1.0 mm. The results of this study indicate that the H2 clearance technique can be used to measure mucosal blood flow in the small intestine. By contrast, the precise measurement depth of the LDV method is still uncertain and requires further evaluation. PMID- 3161336 TI - Relationships between strength of low back muscle contraction and reported intensity of chronic low back pain. AB - The electromyographic patterns produced by recording the left and right paraspinal muscles of subjects while in motion (bending and rising) and still (standing upright, sitting supported and unsupported, and prone) were contrasted for people with: 1) no history of back pain; 2) past episodes of low back pain but currently pain free; and 3) chronic low back pain with various diagnosed etiologies. Each of the 83 individuals recorded during episodes of low back pain produced a unique pattern of muscle contraction which was relatively stable between weekly recording sessions. In every case, at least one of the six positions showed elevated contraction levels significantly above that of the 15 subjects with no history of back pain and the 28 with no current back pain. For nine of the eleven subjects who reported changes in pain intensity between recording sessions, a clearly positive correlation occurred between the reported intensity of pain and the level of contraction in the one position most different from the reference group. No diagnostic subgroup of low back pain subjects produced a single unique pattern. Furthermore, no single aspect of the EMG signal, such as bilateral asymmetry, had predictive value for any individual subject. Our recordings did not differ with respect to diagnostic category so further research will have to be done to determine whether the diagnostic categories currently in use do not fit the physiological bases for the problems and/or whether prolonged abnormal levels of muscle contraction eventually produce problems such as disc displacement. PMID- 3161339 TI - Effect of 6-aminonicotinamide on renin release in isolated rat kidney: possible role for the pentose pathway. AB - To study the association between renal renin release and the pentose pathway, we perfused nonfiltering kidneys from Sprague-Dawley rats with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 5 mM glucose and 14 g/100 ml bovine serum albumin in the presence or in the absence of 0.25 mM 6-aminonicotinamide (6AN), an inhibitor of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting step of the pentose pathway. Eleven kidneys perfused in the absence of 6AN had a renin secretion rate of 7.4 +/- 2.2 ng ANG I X min-1 X ml-1. In six kidneys perfused in the presence of 6AN, renin release was depressed to 0.56 +/- 0.24 ng ANG I X min 1 X ml-1. The renal renin content for four control kidneys was 56 +/- 3.3 ng ANG I X mg-1 X h-1 while in four kidneys perfused with 6AN renal renin content was lower, 35 +/- 2.9 ng ANG I X mg-1 X h-1. In the presence of 5 mM lactate, the renin release of eight nonfiltering kidneys was 0.31 +/- 0.06 ng ANG I X min-1 X ml-1. The addition of 6AN did not further depress renin secretion in the presence of lactate. 6-Aminonicotinamide also completely blocked furosemide-stimulated renin release without having any effect on glomerular filtration rate or furosemide-induced natriuresis. However, 6AN did not inhibit stimulation of renin secretion by isoproterenol. We conclude that 6-aminonicotinamide interferes with renin release by nonfiltering kidneys and also inhibits furosemide-stimulated renin release but does not affect beta-adrenergic-stimulated renin secretion. Glucose but not lactate is important for maintaining augmented rates of renin secretion in nonfiltering kidneys. 6-Aminonicotinamide significantly reduced renal renin content in the presence of glucose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3161340 TI - Blockade of renal effects of dopamine in the dog by the DA1 antagonist SCH 23390. AB - Dopamine (DA) acts on two receptor subtypes, DA1 and DA2. The purpose of this study was to determine which subtype is involved in the increments in renal blood flow (RBF) and electrolyte excretion produced by DA. Mongrel dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. Phenoxybenzamine (10 mg X kg-1 ia) and propranolol (5 mg X kg-1 iv) were administered to exclude effects mediated by alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors. DA was infused into the renal artery before and after administration of either the selective DA1 antagonist SCH 23390 or the selective DA2 antagonist domperidone. With DA alone, RBF increased by 52 +/- 7%, Na+ excretion increased by 35 +/- 8%, and K+ excretion increased by 35 +/- 5%. Infusion of SCH 23390 (0.5 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) completely blocked DA induced increase in RBF and electrolyte excretion. Intravenous infusion of domperidone (1 microgram X kg-1 X min-1) did not attenuate the responses to DA. Neither SCH 23390 nor domperidone affected base-line RBF or electrolyte excretion, suggesting that in these experiments endogenous DA was not active. In conclusion, these data indicate that the effects of DA to increase RBF and electrolyte excretion are the result of action on DA1 receptors. PMID- 3161341 TI - Anti-GBM antibody-induced proteinuria in isolated perfused rat kidney. AB - The effect of anti-GBM antibody on protein excretion was studied in isolated rat kidneys perfused with 20 mg of sheep anti-rat GBM (experimental) or nonantibody sheep IgG (control). Six control kidneys excreted 176 +/- 31 micrograms/min of BSA initially, rising to 296 +/- 111 micrograms/min at 2 h. Fractional clearance of BSA rose from 0.51 to 1.70%. Eight experimental kidneys excreted 211 +/- 56 micrograms/min of BSA, increasing to 1,924 +/- 804 micrograms/min at 2 h. Fractional BSA clearance increased from 0.56 to 11.49%. After 60 min, BSA excretion in anti-GBM-perfused kidneys exceeded controls by a factor of 6.5-7.9 (P less than 0.05) and fractional BSA clearance exceeded controls by a factor of 5.8-7.1 (P less than 0.05). Studies with fluorescent markers indicated proteinuria to be of glomerular origin in antibody-perfused kidneys. There were no significant differences between anti-GBM-perfused and control kidneys in perfusion pressures, perfusate flow rates, urine flow rates, inulin clearance, or sodium reabsorption. Antibody to GBM can induce a marked increase in glomerular permeability to BSA and IgG without participation of other systemic humoral or cellular mediation systems. PMID- 3161342 TI - Role of the pituitary in reflex natriuresis following acute unilateral nephrectomy. AB - We studied the role of altered pituitary function in the reflex natriuresis that occurs after acute unilateral nephrectomy (AUN). In normal rats, AUN increased both sodium (UNaV) and potassium excretion within 90 min. In hypophysectomized rats, no increase in cation excretion after AUN occurred, results which were duplicated in rats in which pituitary function was altered by prior treatment with dexamethasone (2 mg/kg ip for 3 days). In adrenalectomized rats, AUN led to increases in cation excretion similar to those seen in normal rats, indicating that intact adrenal function was not necessary for this excretory response following AUN. These changes in cation excretion were correlated with measurements in peripheral plasma of two peptides derived from the pituitary precursor molecule pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). Radioimmunoassayable plasma beta endorphin failed to change after AUN in any of the conditions studied. However, a sensitive radioimmunoassay for the N-terminal fragment (NTF) of POMC indicated that plasma NTF rose significantly after AUN in normal and adrenalectomized rats but did not change in hypophysectomized, steroid-pretreated, or shamoperated rats. The increase in NTF concentration correlated with the increase in UNaV after AUN. These results demonstrate that the reflex increase in cation excretion after AUN is dependent on an intact pituitary gland and is associated with an increase in peripheral plasma concentration of NTF. NTF, or some other peptide residing in the N-terminal portion of POMC, could promote the natriuresis after AUN; the importance of the pituitary gland in this response could be the secretion of this peptide. PMID- 3161343 TI - Synthetic atrial natriuretic factor decreases renal tubular phosphate reabsorption in rats. AB - Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), a family of peptides isolated from cardiac atria, has marked effects on sodium excretion. A synthetic 26 amino acid sequence of ANF peptide has also been shown to be phosphaturic. However, it is difficult to assess whether the phosphaturia is due to changes in tubular reabsorption of phosphate without control of filtered load of phosphate. In the present study, the hypothesis that ANF peptide decreases tubular phosphate reabsorption was tested by using graded phosphate infusions of 0, 1, 2, and 3 mumol/min in thyroparathyroidectomized rats. Further, reabsorbed phosphate was similarly assessed in rats infused with parathyroid hormone (PTH) to allow comparison with a known phosphaturic hormone. ANF peptide decreased reabsorbed phosphate compared with saline controls (2.72 +/- 0.28 mumol/ml GFR compared with 3.35 +/- 0.35, P less than 0.05) but not as much as a maximally phosphaturic dose of PTH (2.04 +/- 0.13 mumol/ml GFR). We conclude that synthetic ANF peptide decreases tubular phosphate reabsorption in vivo. PMID- 3161344 TI - Biaxial mechanical properties of the pericardium in normal and volume overload dogs. AB - The two-dimensional mechanical properties of the pericardium from dogs with a normal or chronically enlarged heart were studied in vitro. A 3.0-cm-square piece of the pericardium overlying the right and/or left ventricle was excised. An approximately 1.0-cm-square target was marked at the center, and its dimension was measured electrooptically. When immersed in physiological saline at 37 degrees C, the specimen was stretched and unloaded sinusoidally in one direction while force in the transverse direction was held constant. The tension-stretch relationship was highly reproducible and was insensitive to strain rate in the range of 0.002-0.1 Hz. Hysteresis was present. The pericardium was mostly anisotropic; however, the direction of maximal compliance varied among dogs. The elastic properties of the pericardium overlying the left and right ventricles were the same in most cases. Substantial stress relaxation was observed; in contrast, insignificant creep developed over 30 min. In five dogs with chronic cardiac dilatation due to an infrarenal aortocaval shunt, the tension-stretch curves were shifted significantly to the right (i.e., greater deformation at the same tension level). However, the pericardial viscoelastic properties and thickness were unchanged. In other words, chronic cardiac dilatation resulted in a more compliant pericardium. PMID- 3161345 TI - Atrial extract: hemodynamics in Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Partially purified low (LMW) and high-(HMW) molecular-weight atrial natriuretic extracts were administered intravenously (540 micrograms protein/kg) to conscious Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Both LMW and HMW atrial natriuretic extracts produced an immediate decrease in mean arterial pressure that reached maximum within 5 min and returned to control levels within 30 min. In both strains, cardiac output decreased approximately 14% following administration of LMW. Total peripheral resistance increased only in SHR. Organ blood flow was significantly decreased to skin, brain, heart, kidneys, and splanchnic organs of WKY and to skin, muscle, heart, and splanchnic organs of SHR following administration of LMW. Corresponding increases in organ vascular resistance index were observed in brain, heart, and splanchnic organs of WKY and in skin, heart, and splanchnic organs of SHR. To some extent, the changes in organ blood flow may be a reflection of the decrease in cardiac output induced by LMW. After administration of HMW, no significant changes were observed in cardiac output or total peripheral resistance, although they tended to decrease. Organ vascular resistance was decreased to skin, muscle, brain, and splanchnic organs of SHR. Little difference was observed between WKY and SHR responses to atrial natriuretic extracts. These data indicate that atrial natriuretic extracts have an effect on systemic and regional hemodynamics in conscious rats that differs markedly from those of vasodilators such as nitroglycerin or hydralazine. PMID- 3161346 TI - Structural analysis of pressure versus volume overload hypertrophy of cat right ventricle. AB - Pressure overload of cat right ventricle causes progressive abnormalities of in vitro contractile function at a time when in vivo contractile function is normal. In marked contrast, the same degree and duration of volume overload of cat right ventricle results in neither in vitro nor in vivo contractile dysfunction. The purpose of the present quantitative structural study was to determine whether there were any histological alterations in pressure-overloaded myocardium that might be causally related to the contractile dysfunction found only in this model. Four experimental groups of eight cats each were studied: a group with pulmonary arterial banding to create a pressure overload, sham-operated controls for this group, a group with atrial septal defects to create a volume overload, and sham-operated controls for this group. Seven to ten weeks after each operative procedure, right ventricular pressure was elevated only in the pressure overloaded group, pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratio was increased only in the volume-overloaded group, and right ventricle-to-body weight ratio was significantly and comparably increased in both the pressure- and the volume overloaded groups. There was a single striking histological distinction between myocardium hypertrophying in response to pressure as opposed to volume overload: the volume density of cardiocytes in papillary muscles from pressure-overloaded right ventricles was decreased significantly with a proportional increase in connective tissue. Given the critical importance of these two myocardial components to both systolic and diastolic cardiac function, these data provide a potential structural basis for at least some of the functional abnormalities observed in pressure but not in volume overload hypertrophy of the cat right ventricle. PMID- 3161347 TI - Three cases of carbamazepine toxicity. AB - The growing number of psychiatrists who prescribe carbamazepine therapy should be alert to the drug's potential complications. The authors report three such cases: one of hepatitis, one of a fatality due to aplastic anemia, and one of a severe dermatological reaction. PMID- 3161348 TI - The effects of indomethacin administration during pregnancy on women's and newborns' T-suppressor lymphocyte activity and on HLA class II expression by newborns' leukocytes. AB - It has been previously shown that T lymphocytes from human newborns and pregnant women exert a suppressive activity when assayed on the PWM-induced B cell maturation. The mechanisms of the suppression have remained entirely unknown. Prostaglandin E2, known to trigger T-cell mediated suppressive activity, may be involved. We took advantage of the treatment of pregnant women with indomethacin, because of premature labor or hydramnios, to investigate the role of prostaglandins in the activation of T suppressor (TS) activity. Administration of indomethacin (250 mg/day for 1-7 weeks, then 150 mg/day for 3-12 weeks) during the third trimester of pregnancy, abrogated the TS activity in the nine women and the three newborns tested. Abrogation of TS activity by indomethacin therapy led to normal PWM-induced B cell maturation in pregnant women but not in newborns. Moreover, the low expression of HLA class II antigens observed on normal newborn B lymphocytes and monocytes was corrected in newborns from indomethacin-treated mothers. Our results strongly suggest that prostaglandins may play a role in induction of TS activity observed in normal pregnant women and newborns and in the decreased expression of HLA class II antigens on newborns' leucocytes. Both phenomena could play a role in immunological interactions between mother and fetus. PMID- 3161349 TI - Evaluation of arterial prostheses in a baboon ex vivo shunt: the effect of graft material and flow on platelet deposition. AB - Surface thrombogenicity is recognized as an important factor in the failure of small caliber vascular prostheses. The baboon ex vivo shunt was developed to study small caliber grafts under controlled conditions at different flow rates. The shunt was created by percutaneous insertion of catheters into the baboon femoral artery and vein. Platelet-graft interactions were studied using autogenous indium 111 labeled platelets. Two graft materials were placed in series and exposed to blood flow for 2 1/2 hours at flow rates of 25 and 200 ml/min. At the end of this period, the grafts were removed for morphologic examination. Platelet adhesion to the grafts, especially with the less thrombogenic materials (PTFE and HUV), was found to be independent of flow rate. PTFE was found to be the least platelet-reactive material, HUV was intermediate, and knitted Dacron was the most thrombogenic surface. Platelet deposition on the flow surface was confirmed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 3161350 TI - Computerized tomographic assessment of graft incorporation after aortic reconstruction. AB - Computerized tomographic scanning is being used with increasing frequency for the detection of abdominal aortic prosthetic complications. Although computerized tomography remains a very precise method for direct imaging of the retroperitoneal space, the interpretation of a postoperative computerized tomographic scan is limited by the absence of any information on the normal appearance of the routine uncomplicated aortic graft. To study the normal tissue incorporation of aortic grafts, 29 patients were evaluated with periodic postoperative computerized tomographic scans. Seventeen patients had aortoiliac occlusive disease and 12 had aneurysmal disease. No patients who had reoperation were included and all patients had a normal postoperative course. Computerized tomographic scans were obtained in the early (mean 7 days), intermediate (mean 48 days), and late (mean 102 days) postoperative periods. A variable amount of perigraft hematoma was always present on the initial computerized tomographic scan. Perigraft air was seen in only four patients in the early study. Graft incorporation appeared complete in these patients by 48 days, although minimal hematoma persisted in one patient. This study provides baseline data on the appearance and timing of aortic graft incorporation which should facilitate subsequent computerized tomographic detection of aortic graft complications. PMID- 3161351 TI - [Conservative plastic operations in tubal pregnancy]. PMID- 3161352 TI - [Problems of conservative plastic operations in tubal pregnancy]. PMID- 3161353 TI - [Current requirements for performing conservative plastic operations in treating extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 3161354 TI - [Improved reconstructive-restorative operations on the uterine tubes using the operating microscope and transillumination]. PMID- 3161355 TI - [Experience in using conservative plastic operations in tubal pregnancy]. PMID- 3161356 TI - [Clinico-morphological basis for conservative plastic operations in treating tubal pregnancy]. PMID- 3161358 TI - [Rehabilitation of the menstrual and child-bearing functions of young women having undergone an operation for tubal pregnancy]. PMID- 3161357 TI - [Importance of organ-conserving operations in tubal pregnancy in rehabilitating the female reproductive function]. PMID- 3161359 TI - [Ways of improving the teaching of obstetrics and gynecology in medical schools]. PMID- 3161360 TI - [Prevention and treatment of adhesive processes of the lesser pelvis organs during the surgical rehabilitation of women with sterility]. PMID- 3161361 TI - [Disorders of the adrenergic mechanisms regulating tubal contractility and their recovery during the treatment of sterile women with hydrogen sulfide waters]. PMID- 3161362 TI - [Comparison of the methods for terminating pregnancy]. PMID- 3161363 TI - [Use of prostaglandin F2 alpha for dilating the cervical canal in performing an abortion]. PMID- 3161365 TI - [T- and B-lymphocyte dynamics in patients following septic abortion]. PMID- 3161364 TI - [Comparative analysis of methods of the immunotherapy of spontaneous abortions]. PMID- 3161366 TI - [Hyperplastic endometrial processes in patients with postpartum obesity and disordered menstrual function]. PMID- 3161367 TI - [Characteristics of the craniographic picture in women with sterility and menstrual cycle disorders of the oligomenorrhea type]. PMID- 3161368 TI - [Microsurgical treatment of tubal sterility]. PMID- 3161369 TI - [Computer-assisted prognosis of the reproductive function of patients following conservative myomectomy]. PMID- 3161371 TI - [Use of cyanoacrylate glue in operations on the ovaries]. PMID- 3161370 TI - [Blood serum sialic acids in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors]. PMID- 3161372 TI - [Ventral hernias following obstetrical and gynecologicaL operations]. PMID- 3161374 TI - [Effect of synthetic progestins on the endocervix of patients with internal uterine endometriosis]. PMID- 3161373 TI - [Experience in using iodobromine water and therapeutic mud in the therapy of menstrual cycle disorders of inflammatory origin]. PMID- 3161375 TI - [Possibilities of a combined cryogenic and ultrasonic treatment method for benign diseases of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 3161376 TI - [Pregnancy and labor in women following surgical diathermy treatment of the vaginal portion of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 3161377 TI - [Morphofunctional changes in the mucosa of the cervical canal in patients with disordered ovarian function]. PMID- 3161378 TI - [Conservative myomectomy]. PMID- 3161379 TI - [Prospects for epidemiological research in clinical medicine]. PMID- 3161380 TI - [A system of advanced training in obstetrics and gynecology: history of its development, current state and perspectives (on the 100th anniversary of the Leningrad Institute for the Advanced Training of Physicians]. PMID- 3161381 TI - [Current concepts of the pathogenetic mechanisms of late pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 3161382 TI - [Morphological and functional characteristics of erythrocytes of mothers with late pregnancy toxemias and their newborn infants]. PMID- 3161383 TI - [Serum alpha-tocopherol levels in women with physiological pregnancy and pregnancy complications]. PMID- 3161384 TI - [Monoamine oxidase activity of the human placenta in nephropathy in pregnancy]. PMID- 3161385 TI - [Thyroid function in pregnant women with late toxicosis and extragenital pathology]. PMID- 3161386 TI - [Cytochemical study of leukocyte enzyme activity in late toxicosis of pregnancy]. PMID- 3161387 TI - [Physicians' movement against nuclear war]. PMID- 3161388 TI - [Course of late toxicosis of pregnancy in relation to the degree of immunity to diphtheria and tetanus]. PMID- 3161389 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the indicators of lipid metabolism in pregnant women with late toxicosis]. PMID- 3161390 TI - [Oxidation-reduction potential of soft tissues of the fetal head in labor complicated by intrauterine hypoxia and late toxicosis of pregnancy]. PMID- 3161391 TI - [Excretion of sex hormones in relation to serum levels of cholesterol and cholesterol esters in physiological pregnancy]. PMID- 3161392 TI - [Structuro-functional activity of lymphocyte chromatin in abortion]. PMID- 3161393 TI - [Characteristics of catecholamine metabolism in threatened premature labor]. PMID- 3161394 TI - [Characteristics of the feto-placental complex in pregnant women with various forms of chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3161395 TI - [Characteristics of the treatment of pregnant women with septic abortion and pyelonephritis complicated by acute renal failure]. PMID- 3161396 TI - [Morphometric study of the myometrium in multiparae]. PMID- 3161397 TI - [Dispensarization of multiparae in women's consultation centers]. PMID- 3161398 TI - [Our experience with a 5-group registration system in providing outpatient services for women]. PMID- 3161399 TI - [Organization of multi-level medical services for women with abortions and for premature infants]. PMID- 3161400 TI - [Activities of the consultation department for prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 3161401 TI - [Activities of a mobile polyclinic for providing outpatient services for women in remote regions of the Tomsk district]. PMID- 3161402 TI - [Pathogenesis of obesity in pregnancy]. PMID- 3161403 TI - [Functional morphology of chorionic villi and decidual tissue in hyperemesis gravidarum]. PMID- 3161405 TI - [Cardiovascular function in patients with eclampsia]. PMID- 3161404 TI - [Suppurative pyelonephritis in pregnancy]. PMID- 3161406 TI - [Pyelonephritis in parturients]. PMID- 3161407 TI - [Methods of recording and mathematical processing of hysterograms]. PMID- 3161408 TI - Epidural sufentanil for postoperative pain relief. AB - An open pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the analgesic properties of epidurally administered sufentanil in the early postoperative period. After orthopaedic surgery of the lower extremity, four different groups of five adult patients each received either 15 micrograms (group 1), 30 micrograms (group 2), 50 micrograms (group 3) or 75 micrograms (group 4) sufentanil via an epidural catheter previously used for the surgical procedure. Results were satisfactory in groups 3 and 4 with very good relief of pain and a mean duration of action of 372 and 307 minutes respectively. Dosage above 50 micrograms did not seem to improve the quality or duration of pain relief, although the onset of action was faster with 75 micrograms. Sedation was always present in patients with effective analgesia. In the present study respiratory depression was not evident, but three patients complained of itching and two of urinary retention. PMID- 3161409 TI - The estimation of midazolam, a water-soluble benzodiazepine by gas liquid chromatography. AB - A simple, reliable and reproducible method for the estimation of midazolam in plasma samples is described. This involves extraction with benzene and estimation by gas-liquid chromatography using diazepam as the internal standard. Reproducibility was good and the extraction from plasma was 94% efficient. PMID- 3161410 TI - Oxygen flowmeters. PMID- 3161411 TI - Isolation of lambda phage DNA by hydroxylapatite chromatography. AB - A simple and rapid (1 day) method for preparation of lambda phage DNA was proposed. The method included two main steps: (a) growth and lysis of bacteria containing lambda phage and (b) purification of lambda phage DNA by hydroxylapatite chromatography. The phage DNA prepared by this method was intact and free of RNA, proteins, and bacterial DNA. PMID- 3161412 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of N1-alkylnicotinamide in urine. AB - A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for determining N1-alkylnicotinamides, including C1-C5 alkyl derivatives, in urine. N1-Alkylnicotinamides were reacted with acetophenone in strong alkali medium at 0 degrees C and then formic acid was added. The reaction mixture was heated in acidic medium at above 93 degrees C, and the fluorescent product, 1-alkyl-7 phenyl-1,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1,6-naphthyridine, was chromatographed by HPLC, using a Zorbax SCX-300 column with a mixed mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.04 M ammonium phosphate, monobasic. N1-Alkylnicotinamides can be determined as 1,6 naphthyridine derivatives by a fluorometric detector at a level of 100 pg (signal/noise = 2). Recoveries of N1-alkylnicotinamides in urine were satisfactory. Interfering reaction products from NAD+ and NADP+ were clearly eliminated for determination of N1-alkylnicotinamides without pentyl derivatives. PMID- 3161413 TI - Isofocusing of antigenic small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. I. Compositional analysis. AB - This report describes the behavior of antigenic small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) in native isofocusing gels. These RNA-protein complexes exhibited true isofocusing characteristics only when in the complexed form. Deproteinized snRNAs migrated to pH ranges which varied according to the pH of the application site. Immunological assays using lupus sera which recognized the La, Sm, and RNP determinants on these snRNPs established that the La and the Sm/RNP antigens segregated to pH 4.7-4.9 and 5.5-7.5, respectively. RNase digestion of these snRNPs did not alter the isofocusing migration of either the Sm or the La determinants. These antigenically active fractions contained the appropriate protein and RNA species shown by immunoprecipitation studies to associate with these antigenic determinants. The isofocusing fractions containing the uridylic acid-snRNPs were fully immunoprecipitable by anti-Sm sera, confirming their particulate integrity after isofocusing. PMID- 3161414 TI - Isofocusing of antigenic small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. II. Preparative isolation. AB - In a companion report (T.B. Okarma, W.S. Schrier, and R. Feinbaum, 1985, Anal. Biochem. 147, 27-37) the behavior of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) in native isofocusing gels was characterized. This communication extends those findings and describes a gentle procedure for the preparative isolation of snRNPs in native form from cultured murine L-5178y leukemia cells using sucrose density gradient centrifugation, preparative isofocusing, and gel filtration chromatography. Isofocusing in granulated gels separated intact uridylic acid (U) snRNPs from tRNA and La RNPs. The U-snRNPs remained immunoprecipitable by lupus antisera throughout fractionation. The final product obtained in 2% yield contained primarily U1 and U2 snRNAs and lesser amounts of U3, U4, U5, and U6, along with the core U-snRNP polypeptides A-G. The core polypeptides displayed apparent pI's which ranged from 4.5 to 9.5 when analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteins B (28,000), D (16,000), and E (13,000) exhibited isoelectric variants. The Sm determinant proteins B' (28,000) and E (13,000) isofocused as basic peptides with apparent pI's of 9.5 and 8.5, respectively. The purity of the final fractions compared well with that of immunoprecipitates and the procedure reproducibly generated yields of native snRNPs sufficient for in vitro studies of their biological function. PMID- 3161415 TI - Ultrastructural features of the bovine cecal mucosa. PMID- 3161416 TI - Variations of the dorsal intercostal arteries in the ox (Bos taurus). PMID- 3161417 TI - Veins of the head and neck of the donkey (Equus asinus). PMID- 3161418 TI - [Teleonomy and teleology in phylogenesis]. PMID- 3161419 TI - Ultrastructure of the integument of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa) from one through fourteen weeks of age. PMID- 3161420 TI - Analgetic contribution of sufentanil during halothane anesthesia: a mechanism involving serotonin. AB - Catecholamine and serotonin concentrations in the cord, medulla, and hypothalamus were measured in rats after saline, after sufentanil sufficient to reduce the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of halothane by 30% or less, or after sufentanil sufficient to reduce the MAC of halothane by 80% or more. In the cord, high doses of sufentanil resulted in a 13.4% reduction (P less than 0.05) in serotonin concentration compared to saline control and a 17.4% reduction (P less than 0.05) in serotonin concentration compared to low dosages of sufentanil. A 12.8% reduction (P less than 0.05) in medullary serotonin also was observed with high sufentanil compared to low sufentanil. Epinephrine decreased significantly in the hypothalamus at the high sufentanil dose. No other significant differences were found in catecholamine content. The experimental results support the hypothesis that sufentanil may contribute to an analgetic component of general anesthesia by modulating nociception via the release of 5-HT. PMID- 3161421 TI - A comparison of edrophonium and neostigmine for the antagonism of atracurium induced neuromuscular block. AB - Edrophonium, 0.5 mg/kg, or neostigmine, 0.05 mg/kg, was administered to groups of 20 patients each, for antagonism of atracurium-induced block at varying degrees of spontaneous recovery. Neuromuscular block was studied using train-of-four (TOF) stimulation. Adequate reversal of neuromuscular block (TOF ratio of 0.7) was achieved in all patients given neostigmine but only in 13 of the 20 given edrophonium. The onset of action of edrophonium (23 sec) was significantly more rapid than that of neostigmine (40 sec), as was the time taken to attain a TOF ratio of 0.7 in those in whom adequate antagonism was achieved (68 sec for edrophonium and 246 sec for neostigmine). Five of the seven patients in the edrophonium group who failed to be reversed adequately had shown three or fewer twitches to a TOF stimulation. It is concluded that edrophonium in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg does not consistently antagonize neuromuscular blockade induced by atracurium, particularly if all four responses to a TOF stimulation are not elicited prior to antagonism of the block. PMID- 3161422 TI - A comparison of fentanyl-O2 and sufentanil-O2 for cardiac anesthesia. AB - In a prospective randomized study of 48 patients scheduled to undergo elective coronary artery surgery, sufentanil (20 micrograms/kg) was compared with fentanyl (100 micrograms/kg) anesthesia by assessing hemodynamic and plasma catecholamine level responses to surgery. At 15 points during the study, cardiovascular dynamics were recorded. At six points in the study, arterial blood was obtained for simultaneous assays of plasma concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Neither mean cardiovascular dynamics nor catecholamine concentrations were statistically significantly different between the groups preoperatively. Both agents provided generally stable hemodynamics during surgery. Sufentanil was associated with decreased systemic vascular resistance at several time points with concurrent increased cardiac index and heart rate. Although catecholamine levels increased somewhat during cardiopulmonary bypass in both groups, there were no significant differences between the groups at any point except that at chest closure patients given sufentanil had significantly lower dopamine concentrations than those given fentanyl. Times for recovery from surgery failed to show any difference between the two groups of patients. Blood pressure increases with patients given sufentanil compared favorably with those given fentanyl. We conclude that at these doses, with this surgery, there were no major clinical differences, though sufentanil produced significantly lower systemic vascular resistance at several events and had a lower plasma dopamine concentration after cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 3161423 TI - Cost of muscle relaxant drugs. PMID- 3161424 TI - Midazolam pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics during acute hypovolemia. AB - This study was designed to test the hypothesis that acute hypovolemia would compromise the compensatory hemodynamic mechanisms to midazolam and decrease its metabolic clearance. Experiments were performed on seven chronically instrumented female beagle dogs. Animals received a single intravenous dose of midazolam, 10 mg/kg, 4 days apart during normovolemic (N) and hypovolemic (H) states in a random sequence. Hypovolemia was achieved by the withdrawal of 26 ml/kg of blood, equivalent to one-third of the calculated blood volume. Midazolam plasma concentrations were determined at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h after midazolam injection. Elimination half-life (t 1/2 beta) was significantly longer and total clearance was significantly lower during H than during N. Initial distribution half-life, central compartment volume, total volume of distribution, and plasma protein binding were similar in both N and H states. Midazolam caused a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and an increase in heart rate (HR) during N, and produced significant decreases in SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during H. Midazolam led to similar per cent decreases in blood pressure and cardiac output in states N and H; however, the absolute values of blood pressure and cardiac output were significantly (P less than 0.001) lower in the hypovolemic state than in the normovolemic state. These data suggest that the hypotensive effects of midazolam, like those of other intravenous induction agents, could be potentiated by volume depletion. PMID- 3161426 TI - Postoperative rigidity following sufentanil administration. PMID- 3161427 TI - Reduction of postlumbar puncture backache by the use of field block anesthesia prior to lumbar puncture. PMID- 3161425 TI - Inducing anesthesia with a GABA analog, THIP. AB - The authors have postulated previously that general anesthetic agents act via a potentiation of the inhibitory action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at central synapses. If the hypothesis is true, GABA should induce anesthesia, however, GABA itself does not pass through the blood-brain barrier. A GABA analog was sought as a substitute to test the authors' hypothesis. A new bicyclic GABA analog, THIP (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol) was selected because its properties are similar to GABA in vitro. THIP was found to induce anesthesia in rodents, and its behavior was compared with that of thiopental, ketamine, midazolam, and gamma-hydroxybutyrate. Complete loss of righting reflex occurred with doses of THIP and thiopental just under 100 mumol/kg, with ketamine and midazolam less than 50 mumol/kg and with gamma-hydroxybutyrate of more than 6,000 mumol/kg. Complete recovery from thiopental and ketamine occurred in less than 5 min, with midazolam recovery required about half an hour and with gamma hydroxybutyrate and THIP it took about 1 1/2 h. THIP induced analgesia as well as sedation and loss of righting reflex. Recovery was complete, and no adverse effects were noted in these rodents. PMID- 3161428 TI - Action of verapamil at the neuromuscular junction: prejunctional or postjunctional? PMID- 3161429 TI - Influence of sufentanil on cerebral metabolism and circulation in the rat. AB - The authors examined the effects of large intravenous doses of sufentanil (5-160 micrograms/kg) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) in rats. CBF and CMRO2 were measured by a modified Kety-Schmidt technique using 133Xenon washout. Progressive decreases in CBF and CMRO2 occurred in animals receiving sufentanil. The maximum decrease was 53% and 40% for CBF and CMRO2 respectively, at a dose of 80 micrograms/kg. The values for CBF and CMRO2 in this group were 105 +/- 10 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1 (mean +/- SEM) and 6.5 +/- 0.5 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1, respectively, compared with 226 +/- 28 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1 and 10.9 +/- 1 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1 in the control group, which received N2O 70% in oxygen. Larger doses of sufentanil did not cause further significant changes in CBF and CMRO2. Sharp waves appeared on the electroencephalogram (EEG) of all the animals following sufentanil injection, and some animals had EEG changes develop consistent with seizure activity. This seizure-like activity appeared to consist of a single episode of short duration in the groups receiving 5, 10, and 20 micrograms/kg sufentanil. The incidence and frequency of seizure activity increased in the groups receiving higher doses of sufentanil, although the duration of seizures was still short. The results of this study indicate that sufentanil causes a significant decrease in CBF and CMRO2 similar to that previously reported for fentanyl, and high doses of sufentanil may cause frequent seizure-like patterns appearing on EEG. PMID- 3161431 TI - Myocarditis and hepatitis B virus. AB - Two patients with hepatitis B virus infection and myocarditis are reported. The implicated pathogenesis was an immune complex mechanism in one patient. Both patients presented with heart failure and arrhythmia which were controlled with conventional medical therapy. Echocardiography played an important role for early detection of left ventricular dysfunction. The efficacy and safety of corticosteroid therapy is still conjectural. Acute hepatitis B infection should be a differential diagnostic consideration in the etiology of acute myocarditis. PMID- 3161430 TI - Resistance to metocurine-induced neuromuscular blockade in patients receiving phenytoin. AB - Recent reports have described resistance to pancuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in patients chronically receiving anticonvulsants. This study examines the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metocurine (MTC) in 12 patients undergoing craniotomy--six on chronic phenytoin therapy and six comparable controls. Each patient received MTC 0.2 mg/kg during the induction of general anesthesia. Quantification of plasma MTC concentration was performed by radioimmunoassay, while the response to MTC was evaluated by evoked compound electromyography (ECEMG). Patients in the phenytoin group were resistant to this dosage of MTC, as demonstrated by their response (83 +/- 16% compared with 98 +/- 2% depression of ECEMG in control patients, P less than 0.05) and by recovery index, defined as the time required for recovery from 25 to 75% of the control ECEMG (53 +/- 22 min compared with 125 +/- 54 min in control patients, P less than 0.01). Similarly, the total duration of neuromuscular blockade, measured to recovery to 90% of control ECEMG, was significantly shorter in the phenytoin group (122 +/- 25 min compared with 269 +/- 64 min in the control group, P less than 0.01). Plasma concentration-time curves were fit to biexponential equations for both groups. These were used to generate two-compartment models. Neither the model parameters nor the plasma concentrations of MTC at any time in the study were significantly different for the two groups. The pharmacodynamic analysis, however, showed that patients on phenytoin require a higher plasma concentration of MTC (0.415 +/- 0.095 microgram/ml compared with 0.249 +/- 0.066 microgram/ml in control patients at 50% ECEMG, P less than 0.01) to effect a given level of neuromuscular blockade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3161432 TI - Subacute left main coronary stenosis: an unusual but serious complication of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a proven nonoperative method of direct myocardial revascularization. Acute complications occurring during PTCA center primarily around acute disruption at the site of dilatation, arrhythmias, or vascular problems at the site of guide catheter access. Late complications include restenosis or aneurysm formation at the site of dilatation. Subacute stenosis of the left main coronary artery occurred in three of 440 patients who had PTCA performed between September 1980 and December 1983 and may be an infrequent but potentially critical complication of PTCA. The serious clinical course of patients with left main coronary stenosis requires prompt recognition and intervention. PMID- 3161434 TI - Red cell aggregation in cardiovascular diseases and crucial role of inversion phenomenon. AB - Perfusion of the heart muscle remains an important area of studies fraught with great difficulties. An analogue of capillary system has been organized by using in vitro flow of blood from the heart patients in a slit-capillary photo viscometer. The rate of aggregation of red cells and the morphology of aggregates have been observed and quantitated in representative cases. A possible role of the sludge-like aggregates is discussed from the viewpoint of the "inversion phenomenon" which amplifies resistance to flow as a function of rheology (rigidity or deformability) of cell aggregates and single cells. This pattern might be alike that of arterial spasm or can serve as a model for capillary occlusions. A description is given of the new instrument, the slit-capillary photo-viscometer, and stereological parameters obtained in macro- and micro photography are included. Linear regressions of such parameters against stasis time are highly significant, showing correlation coefficient up to 0.99. These regressions can be compared for slopes and elevations observed in different blood samples, with significance up to 0.001. PMID- 3161433 TI - Pseudo-coarctation of the abdominal aorta associated with renovascular hypertension. AB - A case of pseudo-coarctation of the abdominal aorta associated with renovascular hypertension has been reported. The abdominal aorta of the patient was kinked at the level of L1-L2 without a pressure gradient, which was consistent with pseudo coarctation of aorta. Both renal arteries arose from the aorta at the level of lower T12 and had severe multiple stenoses. We have discussed the possible etiology of the developmental abnormalities of the arterial system in this patient. PMID- 3161436 TI - Angiographic changes thirty minutes following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - In order to ascertain whether coronary angiography performed immediately after the completion of successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) can be used as an index of the final outcome of the procedure, angiography was repeated thirty minutes post PTCA in twenty consecutive patients undergoing elective PTCA. Comparison of the pre PTCA, immediate post PTCA and thirty minutes post PTCA angiograms showed that the initial angiographic success of 77.8% improvement in lumen diameter from pre PTCA to immediate post PTCA was reduced by 16.2% to 61.6% thirty minutes later. We conclude that angiographic changes continue to occur in the immediate post PTCA period and that the immediate post PTCA angiogram may not represent the true outcome of the procedure. PMID- 3161435 TI - Spectrum of renovascular hypertension in the young in north India: a hospital based study on occurrence and clinical features. AB - Occurrence of renovascular hypertension and its etiology is described in this work as seen in north India. Out of 2395 young hypertensives admitted for evaluation during the years 1978-1983, 91 patients (3.8%) were found to be having renovascular hypertension. In all patients suspected diagnosis of RVH was confirmed by the angiography of aorta and main vessels. Idiopathic aortoarteritis, diagnosed in 54 patients (59.4%) was the commonest cause of renovascular hypertension. In this group renal arterial involvement was found to be bilateral in 26 patients. Twenty-eight patients had isolated renal artery stenosis of unknown etiology. Six had fibromuscular dysplasia, 2 had polyarteritis and one had renal artery aneurysm. Twenty-three patients underwent surgery which included autotransplantation, arterial by-pass and nephrectomy with improved blood pressure control in 15. It is concluded that aortoarteritis seems to be the major cause of renovascular hypertension in the young in this part of the world. PMID- 3161438 TI - Longitudinal study of the effects of lungworm infection on bovine pulmonary function. AB - Clinical and physiologic investigations were done weekly in 5 nonsedated Friesian calves before, during, and after an induced infection with Dictyocaulus viviparus infective larvae. Clinical, hematologic, serologic, and parasitologic findings were all compatible with the classic picture of moderate subacute verminous bronchitis. Most pulmonary function values revealed significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) changes in the 2nd or 3rd week after inoculation and maximal changes at 5 weeks after inoculation. Most marked changes included a decrease in tidal volume, dynamic lung compliance, and arterial oxygen tension, and an increase in minute ventilation, minute viscous work of breathing, and alveolar arterial oxygen difference. Minute ventilation, dynamic lung compliance, minute viscous work of breathing, and PaO2 revealed the most homogeneous change. Conversely, maximal change of intrapleural pressure, total pulmonary resistance, and viscous work of breathing had higher variability from week to week. PMID- 3161437 TI - Measurements of cell-mediated cytotoxicity on target cells labelled with the indium-111-oxine complex. AB - The preparation is given of an 111indium-oxine complex that is non toxic and can label reproductively various types of cells. They retain the label for long periods (24 hours and more). This method gives parallel results for cell-mediated cytotoxicity measurements to Chromium-51 labelling and is found to have wider uses. It can label cells that release 51Cr too fast, makes possible long term measurements of cytotoxicity and accurate counts on small numbers of target cells. PMID- 3161439 TI - ANA testifies on NLRB backlog, rights of handicapped infants. PMID- 3161440 TI - Recommendations for protection against viral hepatitis. Recommendation of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee. Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health and Human Services. AB - This following statement updates all previous recommendations on use of immune globulins for protection against viral hepatitis and use of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin for prophylaxis of hepatitis B. Recommendations cover hepatitis A; hepatitis B; non-A, non-B hepatitis; and delta hepatitis. Specific indications are included for use of immune globulin, hepatitis B immune globulin, and hepatitis B vaccine for high-risk groups, including medical and dental personnel, hemodialysis patients, workers at daycare centers, workers at institutions for the mentally retarded, prison inmates, homosexual men, intravenous drug abusers, international travelers, household and sexual contacts of persons at risk, and heterosexually active persons. Recommendations are given for maternal and fetal screening for serologic markers of hepatitis B virus, and guidelines for treatment are provided. PMID- 3161441 TI - Thrombolysis for evolving myocardial infarction. Health and Public Policy Committee, American College of Physicians. PMID- 3161442 TI - Esophageal carcinoma with membranous nephropathy. PMID- 3161443 TI - Cutaneous reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in Haitians. PMID- 3161444 TI - [The complement system in hepatopathies]. AB - Low serum complement is often observed in cirrhosis of the liver. This is the result of two mechanisms: a failure to synthesise a certain number of components and regulatory proteins of complement, and an increased consumption due to activation of the complement system. This acquired deficit in complement contributes to the increased risk of infection in patients with cirrhosis. PMID- 3161445 TI - [Peripheral T-lymphocyte subpopulations in primary and alcoholic dilated cardiomyopathy]. AB - In order to test the hypothesis of the role of a suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocyte deficit in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM), 20 patients (11 alcoholic-A; 9 primary-P) were compared with 24 normal controls (N) and 10 patients with chronic cardiac failure (CCF). The percentage of OKT 3, a global assessment of the T lymphocytes, did not differ significantly between the groups. The percentage of OKT 4 (helper T lymphocytes) was significantly lower in DCM (43 +/- 8.1 p. 100) compared to N (51.92 +/- 8.1 p. 100), p less than 0.001. The percentage of OKT 4 was also lower in CCF (45.3 +/- 3.91 p. 100) compared to N (p less than 0.05). There was a very significant decrease in the percentage of OKT 8 (suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes) in DCM (17.23 +/- 4.78 p. 100) compared to N (26.42 +/- 5.72 p. 100) (p less than 10(-8)). A reduction of OKT 8 was also observed in CCF compared to N (p less than 0.05). The ratio of OKT 4/OKT 8 was significantly higher in DCM (2.7 +/- 0.97) compared to N (2.08 +/- 0.6) (p less than 0.05). This difference was not observed in CCF (2.19 +/- 0.48). There were no differences between DCM A and P. These results indicate that chronic cardiac failure is associated with an equal reduction in the percentage of OKT 4 and OKT 8 lymphocytes. Dilated cardiomyopathy is associated with a large reduction in the OKT 4 and especially in the of OKT 8 with a statistically significant increase in the OKT 4/OKT 8 ratio. Although chronic cardiac failure seems to affect lymphocytes, these results are compatible with a deficit of suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes in dilated cardiomyopathies. PMID- 3161446 TI - Cholecystokinin content in the basal ganglia in Huntington's disease. The expression of cholecystokinin immunoreactivity in striatal grafts to ibotenic acid-lesioned rat striatum. PMID- 3161447 TI - [Chloracne caused by manipulation of herbicides]. PMID- 3161448 TI - [Megakaryoblastic leukemia with hypodiploidy in a girl with trisomy 21]. PMID- 3161449 TI - [Primary non-obstructive myocardiopathy in a 38-month-old child, with transient inverted QS waves, recorded on precordial lead (V3-V4-V5) tracings: the electric expression of a sub-endocardial disorder?]. PMID- 3161451 TI - Study of human pyramidalis muscle in Indian subjects. AB - The pyramidalis muscle has been studied in 31 human male cadavers of subjects from Uttar Pradesh (India). The measurements of the length and the breadth have been recorded. The asymmetry in size of the muscles, in the same individual, was found to be significant (p less than 0.05). In view of the available literature of this muscle a speculation could be ascertained regarding its regressive nature in the evolutionary history. Therefore electromyographic studies of this muscle are required to establish its present status in reference to functional utility of this muscle with the anatomy of the linea alba. PMID- 3161450 TI - The membrane skeleton of human erythrocytes and its implications for more complex cells. PMID- 3161452 TI - [Characteristics of R plasmids expressed by dysenteric bacteria]. AB - One hundred and eighty-six clinical strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated in the Krasnodar region and Krasnodar in 1982 from patients with acute intestinal diseases were studied. 137 strains of Shigella were investigated in detail. It was shown that S. flexneri, S. sonnei, S. boydii and S. dysenteriae accounted for 77, 15, 5 and 2 per cent, respectively. 78.1 per cent of the wild Shigella strains were resistant to antibiotics and in 43.9 per cent of the strains this property was controlled by conjugative R plasmids. 11 variants of the antibiotic resistance spectra were revealed. However, strains of SmTcApCm, SmTc and SmTcAp phenotypes were the most frequent. Among the resistant strains 80.3 per cent were resistant to tetracycline, 75.7 per cent to streptomycin, 50.4 per cent to ampicillin, 31.7 per cent to chloramphenicol, 1.8 per cent to trimethoprim, and 0.9 per cent to kanamycin. The investigation showed that the strains isolated in one region usually had similar phenotypes of antibiotic resistance. The frequency of the plasmid transfer varied from 10(-1) to 10(-7). However, the majority of the plasmids were transferred at a frequency of 10(-4)-10(-5). Only one of the investigated plasmids had a capacity for transmitting fd phage sensitivity to the host cells. 33 plasmids belong to the fi+ type and the others belong to the fi- type. The majority of the plasmids have molecular weights of 46 to 50 mD. PMID- 3161453 TI - Phosphorylation in vitro of fibrinogen from three mammalian species with four different protein kinases. AB - Human, dog, and rabbit fibrinogen served as substrates for calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, casein kinase TS, and casein kinase S. The chains of phosphorylated fibrinogen were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the phosphorylation patterns, obtained on autoradiography of the gels, were found to be characteristic for each of the four protein kinases. Dog, and even more so rabbit, fibrinogen was phosphorylated more rapidly than human fibrinogen by calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase and by casein kinase TS. Dog fibrinogen was not a good substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The rate of phosphorylation with casein kinase S did not differ very much between the fibrinogens of the three species. In most cases the A alpha-chain was most rapidly phosphorylated. However, in dog fibrinogen incubated with casein kinase TS the B beta-chain was most rapidly phosphorylated. A substantial part of this phosphate seemed to be incorporated as phosphorylthreonine into fibrinopeptide B. In human fibrinogen incubated with the casein kinase TS preparation the gamma chain as well as the A alpha-chain appeared to be phosphorylated. PMID- 3161454 TI - Anion effects on the liver alcohol dehydrogenase reaction. AB - The effects of various anions on the rate constant for dissociation of NADH from a binary complex with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase were evaluated. Phosphate, sulfate, and fluoride had no effect, while nitrate and the other halide ions caused a three- to fourfold increase in the rate constant for NADH dissociation. These results indicate that a ternary enzyme-NADH-anion complex is formed, and from the anion concentration dependence the relative affinities are iodide greater than nitrate and bromide greater than chloride. At high salt concentrations, above 0.2 M, the rate constants for NADH dissociation decreased, which was attributed to a decrease in the activity coefficient of the reactants or "salting in." The rate constant for NADH dissociation from ternary complex with imidazole, which crystallizes in an orthorhombic form rather than triclinic, was also substantially enhanced by anions. This provides an indication that the enhancement is independent of the conformational state of the enzyme complex. Thus, the most likely explanation for the observed enhancement of NADH dissociation is anion interference with binding of the coenzyme pyrophosphate group, which does not occur with larger anions such as phosphate or sulfate. Since NADH dissociation partially limits the turnover of the enzyme, the effect of nitrate on steady-state turnover was determined. A twofold increase was observed at optimal levels of nitrate, at both substrate inhibitory and noninhibitory concentrations of ethanol. PMID- 3161456 TI - Zinc and cutaneous inflammation. PMID- 3161455 TI - [Clinico-immunological evaluation of T cells bearing IgG Fc receptors in brain tumor patients]. AB - T cells bearing IgG Fc receptors (Tr cells) were determined in 40 cases of brain tumor using the double rosette method, and compared with the changes of PHA reaction, immunoglobulin (IgG A M), performance status, and mass effect on CT in 20 pre-and post-operative and/or radio-clinico-immunotherapeutic patients. The proportion of control Tr cells was 8-19% in 20 healthy adults. Values of Tr cells over 20% were correlated with a poor grade of performance status, and large mass effects on CT. Post-therapeutic change in the value was well correlated with change in performance status, mass effects, and IgG. Our results suggest a correlation between the value of Tr cells and clinico-radiological findings. Immunological analysis of Tr cells serves as a parameter of tumor expansion or prognosis, and could be of significant importance clinically. PMID- 3161457 TI - Characterization of the humoral immune response to bovine collagen implants. AB - The use of bovine collagen implants (BCIs) for the correction of dermal contour deformities is becoming widespread. A small percentage of patients receiving treatment with BCIs suffer adverse reactions that appear to be of an immune nature. Circulating antibodies to BCIs are found in all patients suffering adverse treatment reactions and in small numbers of normal individuals and BCI treated patients not suffering adverse reactions. These antibodies are always IgG, although quite often IgA is also present. The anti-BCI antibodies are quite stable, suffering virtually no loss of activity after storage at room temperature for 54 days. Immunoblotting studies indicate that no singular component of the BCI collagen is the prime antigenic component; multiple regions of the collagen molecule are recognized by patients' antibodies. PMID- 3161458 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for renovascular hypertension. AB - Five children with renovascular hypertension were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, and followed for 12 to 32 months. Blood pressure fell to normal in four patients and improved in one. Angiographic and endocrinological improvements were associated with a fall in blood pressure and no complications were observed. Angioplasty is considered a safe, effective treatment for children with renovascular hypertension. PMID- 3161459 TI - Effect of topical application of 13-cis retinoic acid on skin of hairless rats and hairless mice. AB - The potential effectiveness of topical 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA) as a sebosuppressive agent was evaluated in hairless ("fuzzy") rats and hairless mice. At nontoxic dosages (i.e., concentrations which induced no weight loss), topical 13-cis RA had no detectable sebosuppressive effects in either of these species. In hairless rats, the topical application of 0.2% 13-cis RA induced more severe symptoms of toxicity than was induced by the administration of equivalent amounts of the drug by either oral or subcutaneous routes. Due to variability in species sensitivity to 13-cis RA, the potential effectiveness of the topical use of this retinoid can probably only be evaluated in human volunteers. PMID- 3161460 TI - Epidemiological studies on disturbances of human fetal development in areas with various doses of natural background radiation. I. Relationship between incidences of Down's syndrome or visible malformation and gonad dose equivalent rate of natural background radiation. AB - The relationship between environmental radiation (mSv X a-1) to the gonads and incidences of Down's syndrome and visible malformation was analyzed using Kendall's rank correlation method. The subjects, studied during a 3-yr period (1979-1981), were inhabitants of 46 prefectures in Japan that had various dose rates (mu R/h) of natural background ionizing radiation. Results showed that the natural background very low-dose radiation rate was not a predominant factor responsible for inducing Down's syndrome or other visible malformations. PMID- 3161463 TI - Coronary artery bypass following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - During a 4-year period, 286 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Seventy three patients had single-vessel and 213 (74.5%) had multivessel coronary artery disease. Twenty-nine patients underwent PTCA because of an evolving acute myocardial infarction (MI). Forty-two patients had previously undergone 47 CABG procedures. One hundred fifteen patients underwent CABG on an emergency basis. Indications for emergency CABG after PTCA were prolonged chest pain (79.1%), worsening of coronary artery obstruction (59.1%), "current of injury" by electrocardiogram (31.3%), cardiogenic shock (27.8%), and, in a lesser incidence, ventricular fibrillation, coronary artery dissection (without obstruction), heart block, and intractable cardiac arrest. The 286 patients underwent 2.1 CABG procedures per patient with a thirty-day mortality of 6.3% (18 patients). The incidence of acute MI was 43.5 versus 4.1%; low cardiac output syndrome, 34.8 versus 7.0%; and operative death, 11.3 versus 2.9% in the emergency and nonemergency groups, respectively. Other significant predictors of operative death were previous CABG (16.7 versus 4.5%), multivessel coronary artery disease (8.0 versus 1.4%). Late follow-up reveals a mortality of 1.4% per year in those patients who were early survivors of CABG. PMID- 3161461 TI - Epidemiological studies on disturbances of human fetal development in areas with various doses of natural background radiation. II. Relationship between incidences of hydatidiform mole, malignant hydatidiform mole, and chorionepithelioma and gonad dose equivalent rate of natural background radiation. AB - The relationships between gonad dose equivalent rates and incidences of chorionic disease (i.e., hydatidiform mole, malignant hydatidiform mole, and chorionepithelioma) were analyzed with Kendall's rank correlation and regression methods. Data used were from 11 prefectures of Japan with various dose rates of natural background ionizing radiation between the years 1974 to 1976. The results suggested an association of the incidence of chorionic disease with the radiation dose rate in the very low dose-rate range. PMID- 3161464 TI - Cerebral perfusion during nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The recording of middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow velocity by the transcranial Doppler method offers a new, noninvasive, continuous technique for studies of cerebral circulation. Comparative studies of electromagnetic internal carotid artery (ICA) flowmetry and MCA flow velocity by the transcranial Doppler technique have demonstrated that observed changes in MCA flow velocities reflect concomitant changes in cerebral circulation. Eleven high-risk patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) procedures were included in a pilot study. Arterial blood pressure (BP), central venous pressure, and epidural intracranial pressure (EDP) were recorded during CPB. Cerebral electrical activity was recorded by a cerebral function monitor. Flow velocity in the MCA was increased during nonpulsatile CPB in 10 of the 11 patients. This increase was related to the degree of hemodilution, and the flow velocity during steady-state CPB was 80 to 300% of the prebypass value. The MCA flow velocity changed, however, in a pressure-passive manner with the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP = BP - EDP) in the individual patient, which indicates that cerebral autoregulation was not operative. During the first 15 minutes after termination of bypass, the MCA flow velocity was reduced, but remained higher than the prebypass level, 110 to 210% of the level during the last 5 minutes preceding CPB. PMID- 3161462 TI - Activities in the placenta and fetal membranes of enzymes involved in energy metabolism. AB - The placenta and the fetal membranes differ in their energy dependent functions and in their blood supply. In a search for quantitative differences in the expression of enzymes involved in energy metabolism in these tissues we measured in the placenta and in amnion and chorion the activities of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glycogen phosphorylase), a tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme (succinate dehydrogenase) and an enzyme involved in fatty acid oxidation (hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase). The activities of succinate dehydrogenase and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase in the placenta were higher than those in the membranes, whereas the activities of the other enzymes assayed were lower. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was higher in the amnion than in the chorion (p less than 0.01). These results could indicate that the fetal membranes depend mainly on glycolysis for an energy supply. PMID- 3161465 TI - Surgery for discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis: actuarial survival, hemodynamic results, and acquired aortic regurgitation. AB - Discrete membranous subaortic stenosis (DMSS) accounts for 8 to 30% of congenital left ventricular outflow obstruction. The immediate effectiveness of surgical resection of this discrete obstructing membrane has been well documented, but little has appeared regarding late clinical and hemodynamic follow-up. Fifty three patients with DMSS underwent operation at our institution from 1957 to 1983. Most (78%) were symptomatic, 79% had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by electrocardiogram, and 92% had roentgenographic evidence of cardiomegaly preoperatively. Catheterization revealed a mean preoperative left ventricular aortic gradient of 89 mm Hg. Twenty-eight patients had associated aortic insufficiency (AI) on the initial aortogram. Seven patients acquired AI in the interim between the first and second preoperative catheterization. Our patients have been followed for up to 12 years postoperatively. There have been 2 early and 3 late deaths. (Actuarial analysis revealed 5- and 10-year survival of 95% and 83%, respectively.) Seventy-one percent of the previously symptomatic patients noted relief of their preoperative complaints, and 45% of those with LVH had a regression in voltage. Cardiomegaly as determined by chest roentgenogram decreased in 45%. The left ventricular-aortic gradient fell to an average of 35 mm Hg a year postoperatively. Surgical treatment of congenital subvalvular aortic stenosis is effective in reducing the preoperative symptoms and the left ventricular-aortic gradient. It appears that DMSS causes AI. PMID- 3161466 TI - [Quantification of pulmonary arterial hypertension by phonocardiography and M mode echocardiography in children with congenital cardiopathies]. AB - We studied 20 children with congenital heart disease using Echo Phonocardiographic techniques to determine the presence and magnitude of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The results were compared with those obtained by catheterization. There was a significant correlation between the pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PSP) estimated from the right ventricular isovolumetric relaxation period and the PSP from the catheterization (r = 0.92). The ratio preejection period /right ventricular ejection time (PEP/RVET) identified the patients (PEP/RVET greater than or equal to 0.30) with a PSP mean value = 64.5 mmHg (p less than 0.01). The presence of a systolic notch on the pulmonary valve echogram distinguished the group with a PSP mean value = 60 mmHg (p less than 0.005). There was a poor correlation between the depth of the "a" wave and the E-F slope of the pulmonary valve echogram and the catheterization PSP (r = -0.50 and r = -0.40, respectively). The interval PR from the electrocardiogram minus the distance AC from the tricuspid valve echogram had a poor correlation with the right ventricular end diastolic pressure (r = 0.57). We conclude that there are some Echo-Phonocardiographic signs which are very useful in the diagnosis and measurement of pulmonary arterial hypertension in children with congenital heart disease. PMID- 3161467 TI - [Atrio-septostomy using a Rashkind catheter in complete transposition of the great arteries. Immediate and late results]. AB - Seventy one patients with complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA) who underwent balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) were studied, with the purpose to evaluate its early and late results within the first year of life. Fifty four patients were male (76,1%) and 17 female (23,9%), aged 2 days to 11 months (mean = 2,3 +/- 0,3%), being 46,5% less than 1 month old. Increase in mean aortic oxygen saturation (Ox. Sat.) after BAS was highly significant (p less than 0,001), irrespective of age and morphological features of TGA. Analysis of the group of 55 patients who underwent only BAS during the first year of life showed: mean age in the 13 non-survivors was 3,3 +/- 0,2 months; increase in Ox.Sat. was highly significant in the 42 survivors and not significant in the 13 patients who died; mortality in children with and without patent ductus arteriosus was 23,1% and 23,8%, respectively. Death directly related do BAS occurred in 2 patients (2,8%), without other complications being observed. We conclude that BAS is an effective and low-risk procedure, even in neonates with poor clinical condition. Early response to BAS is predictive of survival in the first year of life. PMID- 3161468 TI - [Study, using non-invasive methods, of prostheses manufactured at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez]. AB - We study the phonocardiogram, M mode, two-dimensional and Doppler pulsed echocardiogram of 30 patients, who underwent implantation of a bovine pericardial bioprosthesis manufactured at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez. We describe 26 patients with prosthesis in mitral position, 22 females and 4 males, with age between 19 to 60 years. After surgery, 22 were in functional I and 2 in class II of the New York Heart Association Criteria. Two patients (6.6%) died of extracardiac complications. Phonocardiogram: Mitral prosthesis closing click (MPCC) were recorded at all, the interval Q wave-MPCC was of 0.09 +/- 0.02 sec. The interval second sound-mitral prosthesis opening click (S2-MPOC) measured 0.10 +/- 0.01 sec. Mid-diastolic murmur were recorded in 8 patients (30.7%). The O-F slope of the apexcardiogram was of 82 +/- 40 mm/sec. Ten patients had tricuspid insufficiency. Echocardiogram: The D-E velocity of mitral prosthesis opening was of 318 +/- 99 mm/sec and the E-F slope velocity of 15 +/- 6.2 mm/sec. All patients except one showed paradoxical motion of the intraventricular septum. The prosthesis stents distance was of 14.1 +/- 2 mm, the internal diameter of 17.8 +/- 2.9 mm and the valvular area was calculated in 2.5 +/- 0.08 cm2. The flow velocity/diameter was 62.6 +/- 26.8 cm/sec/mm and the flow velocity/opening area of 52.5 +/- 26.1 cm/sec/cm2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3161469 TI - [Anti-rubella IgM and IgG antibodies in congenital cardiopathy]. AB - In utero infection by rubella virus is a well known cause of congenital heart disease. We look for prevalence of anti-rubella antibodies of IgM (primary response) or IgG (anamnestic response) classes in sera of 32 children with congenital heart disease and in 12 normal children of the same socioeconomic background. Only in a patient with a full congenital rubella syndrome we found high titers of IgG anti-rubella antibodies, there was no difference in prevalence of IgM nor IgG anti-rubella antibodies between normals and cardiac patients. There is no reason to look for anti-rubella antibodies in the isolated congenital heart disease. PMID- 3161470 TI - [Changes in ventricular function in diabetes mellitus. Relation to the duration of the diabetes and its complications]. AB - To find out if ventricular dysfunction is related with diabetes duration or diabetic chronic complications, resting and exercise electrocardiograms, chest X ray, echocardiograms and dynamic scintigraphy with left ventricular ejection fraction measurement (LVEF) were performed to three groups of diabetic subjects without known cardiopathy or hypertension: (I) twelve subjects with less than five-years diabetes, (II) eleven with five to ten years, (III) nineteen with diabetes lasting more than ten years. Results were compared with ten healthy volunteers. 90.4% of diabetics had at least one abnormality. LVEF was significantly lower in diabetics (P less than 0.001) than in control group. No important differences were found according to diabetes duration. Lower fractional shortening and lower cardiac output were found in group III than in control group (P less than 0.05). Impaired ventricular function in group III was related (P less than 0.05) with the evidence of diabetic late complications. Relationship between ventricular dysfunction and other microvascular abnormalities might suggest that microangiopathy participates in some extent to the pathogenesis of ventricular disorder. PMID- 3161471 TI - [Chemical and hematological changes in pheochromocytoma]. AB - We report the laboratory findings from studies carried out on 37 pheochromocytoma patients; (20 males and 17 females whose age ranged from 11 to 55 years). Among the parameters measured, fasting hyperglycemia was one of the alterations most frequently encountered (59%), the difference with the normal values was highly significant (p less than 0.001). The levels found for the other parameters measured were also elevated in some cases and the difference between them and the normal values was statistically significant, the assays included were serum cholesterol and creatinine, haemoglobin, hematocrit and white blood cell and platelet counts. The response to the oral glucose load was normal in 9 patients, 6 showed a diabetic curve and 2 had a glucose intolerance response. Data from our observations and from the literature shows that these alterations may be a source of erroneous diagnosis, mainly in cases where symptoms are atypical or infrequent such as fever of unknown etiology, shock and others. Therefore recognizing these abnormalities as a sign of pheochromocytoma is very important both from the diagnostic and therapeutic points of view. PMID- 3161472 TI - [Leopard syndrome with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and cerebral arteriovenous malformation. Report of a case]. AB - We report a case of a 27-year-old woman with Leopard syndrome in which we observed the association of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with arteriovenous cerebral shunt. This association has not been reported previously in the literature. PMID- 3161474 TI - [Alcohol and the cardiovascular system. (1) Alcoholic intoxication]. PMID- 3161473 TI - [Coronary arteriovenous fistula. Study of 14 cases]. AB - Fourteen cases of coronary arteriovenous fistulae observed at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez were analyzed. The fistula originated from the right coronary artery in 57.1% of the cases, from the left coronary artery in 35.7% and from both coronary arteries in 7.2%. Drainage occurred into the right ventricle in 71.4% of the cases, into the right atrium in 7.2% and into the main pulmonary artery in 21.4%. The physical, roentgenological and electrocardiographic findings are undistinguishable from those usually obtained in malformations with a shunt between the aorta and the right heart or the pulmonary artery. Definite diagnosis is made at angiography. 2D and Doppler echocardiography may also be very useful. Natural history depends on the age of the patient, the size of the arteriovenous shunt, the presence of pulmonary hypertension and the development of complications. Even though malformations with small shunts may be well tolerated, serious complications are frequent and, thus, 14.3% of the patients developed infective endocarditis, 42.9% were in heart failure, 14.3% complained of angina pectoris and 54.5% had pulmonary hypertension. Mortality in this series was 28.6%. Early elective ligation seems to be the optimal treatment of coronary arteriovenous fistulae. The surgical procedure, however, is not devoid of risk. Thus, two of the three patients in this series who were operated upon after 1967 developed perioperative myocardial infarctions. Improvement in surgical technique should prevent this complication. PMID- 3161475 TI - [Alcoholism and cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 3161476 TI - [Electro-vectorcardiographic aspects of diastolic and mixed overloads of the right ventricle]. AB - We studied 400 cases of isolated atrial septal defect without severe pulmonary hypertension, in which the diagnosis was established by the hemodynamic data and it was proven by surgical findings in 257 instances. High fidelity unipolar thoracic and intracardiac records, as well as vectorcardiographic curves in three planes, were obtained. Different types of right ventricular conduction disturbances, which were present in all cases, as well as certain electro vectorcardiographic aspects related to ventricular depolarization and repolarization, were analyzed. Mean angles of the resulting vectors at 60 msc of the ventricular activation, were determined relating to the types of block. The following points should be emphasized: Besides the right proximal blocks, which are more frequent, right distal ones can also be diagnosed by the presence of slurred R wave and delayed onset of the intrinsicoid deflection in only some right leads. The monofascicular and parietal right blocks are observed when the diastolic overload of the ipsilateral ventricle is low. The activation time of the anterior inferior right septal mass generally permits an objective classification of the degree of a right proximal block. The prolonged Q-Tc interval only in right leads, seems to be a function of the magnitude of the right ventricular diastolic overload. PMID- 3161477 TI - Effects of indomethacin and etodolac on coronary blood flow and other cardiovascular variables in propranolol-treated dogs. AB - Indomethacin has been reported to induce coronary vasoconstriction in patients treated with beta-adrenoceptor blockers and nitrates. In the present investigation, the possibility that coronary blood flow was affected by a direct or indirect interaction between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and propranolol was studied in the anesthetized dog. During beta-adrenoceptor blockade by propranolol, both indomethacin and etodolac failed to decrease coronary blood flow. When administered alone at doses sufficient to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, indomethacin and etodolac did not reduce the coronary blood flow. It was concluded that there was no interaction between propranolol and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used. The results also suggested that the role of prostaglandins in the regulation of the coronary circulation remains an open question. PMID- 3161478 TI - Serotonin-induced contraction of canine saphenous vein: mediation by 5-HT1 receptors. AB - The action of serotonin (5-HT) on alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors was investigated on the isolated dog saphenous vein strip. Prazosin (1 X 10(-6) and 1 X 10(-5) M), an alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocker, did not alter 5-HT-induced contractions. However, yohimbine (1 X 10(-6) and 1 X 10(-5) M), an alpha 2 adrenoceptor blocker, shifted the concentration-response curve of 5-HT to the right without any reduction in the maximum response. The pA2 value for yohimbine against 5-HT (7.61 +/- 0.28, mean +/- S.E.M.) is different from the value for yohimbine against clonidine (8.35 +/- 0.08) or M-7 (8.58 +/- 0.07), a substance which stimulates postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Mianserin (1 X 10(-8)-1 X 10(-6) M) and ketanserin (1 X 10(-7)-1 X 10(-5) M) antagonized 5-HT-induced contractions noncompetitively. The results suggest that yohimbine competitively antagonizes 5-HT action by blocking probably 5-HT1 receptors, independently from its alpha 2-adrenoceptor blocking effect. PMID- 3161479 TI - Influence of "selective" antimuscarinic agents on gastric acid secretion and motility. AB - The effects of antimuscarinic agents, claimed as acting selectively on gastric acid secretion (pirenzepine) or gut motility (secoverine) or lacking selectivity (atropine and ipratropium bromide), were assayed on both functions by means of two simple experimental models: the gastric acid secretion induced by pylorus ligation and the gastric emptying of a high viscosity meal in the conscious rat. When the same experimental conditions were used in the two tests (i.v. route; duration of the test: 1 hr) we found that pirenzepine was not more selective than atropine on either function while ipratropium bromide was 16 times more selective for gastric secretion and secoverine 2.6 times more selective for gastric motility. Even if routes of administration and times of duration were different between the two tests, similar results were obtained. It was concluded that, when compared to atropine, in our in vivo experimental conditions pirenzepine and secoverine show a scant if any selectivity for either function, while, paradoxically, a sharp selectivity for gastric secretion is shown by the bronchodilator ipratropium bromide. PMID- 3161480 TI - Effect of nifedipine treatment on cardiac myosin ATPase activity and responsiveness of cardiovascular system in the dog. AB - Effects of nifedipine treatment on cardiac myosin ATPase activity and responsiveness of cardiovascular system to catecholamine have been studied. Eight mongrel dogs weighing 7.5 to 13.5 kg were given nifedipine orally twice daily (60 mg/day) for 2 weeks. Ten minutes after the first administration of nifedipine (30 mg p.o.) the heart rate increased significantly and it lasted for, at least, 4 hours. Two-week treatment of nifedipine caused a decrease of the resting heart rate, but the maximal heart rate increase by nifedipine administration was almost the same as the one on the first day. The effects of norepinephrine on heart rate and blood pressure, responsiveness of isolated coronary arteries to some agents inducing a contraction and, Ca2+-activated and K+-activated cardiac myosin ATPase activities were not significantly different between control and nifedipine treatment groups. PMID- 3161482 TI - Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage during oral anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 3161483 TI - Does left ventricular mass decrease during antihypertensive therapy? PMID- 3161481 TI - Cardiovascular effects of ketanserin in closed-chest anesthetized dogs. AB - The cardiovascular effects of the selective 5 HT2-serotonergic antagonist Ketanserin (cumulative doses of 0.01, 0.04, 0.16, 0.64 and 2.5 mg.kg-1 i.v. at 30 min intervals) were investigated in closed-chest, anesthetized dogs with spontaneously beating hearts (n = 7) and in dogs with a fixed heart rate (n = 7). Besides, the effects of Ketanserin (0.04 mg.kg-1 i.v.) during serotonin infusion (median: 20 micrograms kg-1.min-1 i.v.) were studied (n = 7). Ketanserin, starting at 0.04 mg.kg-1, lowers arterial blood pressure through a decrease in systemic vascular resistance. The increase in heart rate after the injection of 0.16 mg.kg-1 and higher doses is likely reflexogenic in nature and secondary to the decrease in systemic vascular resistance. Ketanserin also induces a positive inotropic effect, starting at a dose of 0.16 mg.kg-1 as indicated by the increase in LV dP/dt max, LV dP/dt max/P and maximum aortic blood flow velocity at constant heart rate and in the presence of no change or a slight decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Whether this is an intrinsic property of the compound remains subject to further investigation. Except for the increase in the variables related to left ventricular function, Ketanserin (0.04 mg.kg-1) blocks the serotonin induced circulatory and respiratory changes. The inhibition of serotonin induced pulmonary hypertension and bronchoconstriction was especially marked. The positive inotropic properties of serotonin were not blocked by Ketanserin, suggesting that this property of the amine is not 5 HT2-receptor mediated. PMID- 3161484 TI - Computer vocations for severely physically disabled persons: survey results. AB - Clients with physical disabilities were assessed for their computer skills and other characteristics related to computer vocations. Then a series of surveys were undertaken to determine availability of computer programming jobs for properly trained students, the best training program to suit these jobs, the equipment to train persons with disabilities, and the numbers of qualified applicants to warrant establishment of such a program. Results indicated that while programming is not a good job prospect, terminal operations appear promising, and occupations related to microcomputers warranted further study. The IBM Personal Computer was recommended, and a sufficient interest was demonstrated to establish the program for one year. Training programs in the United States provided a basis for establishment of the training course for trainees with disabilities. PMID- 3161485 TI - [The effects of Atrovent on bronchial responsiveness in asthmatic children]. PMID- 3161486 TI - Accutane (isotretinoin) revisited: severe birth defects from acne therapy. PMID- 3161488 TI - Discharge instructions for the patient going home with a nephrostomy tube. PMID- 3161487 TI - The value of tocainide in the treatment of tinnitus. A double-blind controlled study. AB - We assessed the value of tocainide in the treatment of tinnitus by performing a double-blind controlled trial in which each of 48 patients with annoying tinnitus received either tocainide HC1 900 mg/day or a placebo. Before the trial, the effect of intravenous lidocaine was evaluated in each patient so that both lidocaine and tocainide could be compared in altering tinnitus. We found that tocainide appeared to have no better effect than the placebo, whereas lidocaine suppressed tinnitus in 81% of the patients treated. The mechanisms of action of both drugs as well as their influence on tinnitus are discussed, as are the side effects of tocainide. PMID- 3161489 TI - Draping for nephrostolithotomy procedures. PMID- 3161490 TI - An alternative modality for renal calculi. PMID- 3161491 TI - New management techniques for renal calculi. PMID- 3161492 TI - An endourology overview. PMID- 3161493 TI - National Health and Medical Research Council 98th session Canberra, 25-26 October 1984. Hepatitis B. PMID- 3161494 TI - Immunization against hepatitis B. PMID- 3161495 TI - Eye controlled and other fast communicators for speech impaired and physically handicapped persons. PMID- 3161496 TI - Cutaneous vasculitis from maprotiline. AB - An 83 year old woman with depression, while receiving maprotiline, developed a vasculitic skin eruption which resolved on discontinuing the drug. Vasculitis has not previously been reported with this drug. PMID- 3161497 TI - Will they fly again? The probability of wounded military aviators returning to flying duty: a study of 70 cases. AB - In this study, 70 Israeli Air Force aviators, most of them suffering from severe or moderately-severe injuries, were evaluated as to their potential to return to active flying duty. Of these, 59 (84%) were able to return to flying and 11 (16%) were permanently grounded. While 44 of 51 fighter aviators (86%) returned to flying, only 30 of them (59%) returned to fly fighters, and the rest were transferred to another type of aircraft. The roles of age and severity of injury were studied in detail and it was concluded that higher age and severe injuries prolong the convalescence period but do not prevent the aviator from returning to flying. Nine aviators were permanently grounded because of medical reasons. In each case a single injury could be demonstrated as the direct cause of their permanent grounding. All aviators were followed-up for 3 years after having returned to flying. It was concluded that an evaluation period of 2 years is sufficient to determine the long-term success of military aviators returning to flying. PMID- 3161498 TI - The effect of leiotonin fraction on stably phosphorylated smooth muscle myosin. AB - This study was designed to determine the effect of leiotonin on the actin activation once the myosin is stably phosphorylated. Gizzard myosin was stably phosphorylated by ATP-gamma-S using the gizzard light chain kinase. Addition of leiotonin preparation to phosphorylated myosin reconstituted with actin and tropomyosin did not alter the ATPase activity. Furthermore, leiotonin did not confer the calcium sensitivity of the ATPase activity. These experiments show that the actin-activated ATPase activity of stably phosphorylated gizzard myosin is not altered by leiotonin. PMID- 3161499 TI - Studies of monokines as mediators of the acute phase response: effects on sialyltransferase, albumin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and beta-N acetylhexosaminidase. AB - Rat peritoneal leukocytes (PEC) were fractionated on Percoll gradients to prepare populations of monocytes/lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes; adherent (monocyte enriched) and non-adherent (lymphocytes/polymorphonuclear leukocytes) cells were also isolated from PEC. Cytokines were prepared from PEC and subfractions and injected into rats to induce the acute phase reactants serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and sialyltransferase; negative acute phase parameters serum albumin and liver hexosaminidase were also assayed. Monocyte derived cytokines (monokines) mimicked the acute phase response of all four parameters in vivo. The sialyltransferase isoenzyme that responded to monokine was identified as the Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc alpha 2----6 isoenzyme. PMID- 3161500 TI - Activation of Ca2+-stimulated ATPase by phospholipid N-methylation in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Incubation of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the presence of S-adenosyl-L methionine, a methyl donor for the enzymatic N-methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine, increased Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activity. The increase in Ca2+-ATPase activity was not due to changes in the affinity for Ca2+ and was prevented by methyl acetimidate, an inhibitor of phospholipid N-methylation. The results suggest a possible regulatory role of phospholipid N-methylation in SR Ca2+-pump mechanism. PMID- 3161501 TI - Plasminogen activator-anti-human fibrinogen conjugate. AB - A covalent conjugate between the plasminogen activator urokinase and polyclonal rabbit anti-human fibrinogen has been formed using the heterobifunctional coupling reagent N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate. The resultant urokinase-anti-human fibrinogen conjugate was separated from unreacted material by gel filtration. The conjugate exhibited amidase activity against the small chromogenic substrate pyroglutamyl-glycyl-arginine-p-nitroanilide as well as plasminogen activator activity in an assay employing plasminogen and the plasmin substrate D-valyl-leucyl-lysine-p-nitroanilide. Retention of antibody specificity for fibrinogen was demonstrated using an enzyme linked immunoassay procedure. The conjugate was found to have greater stability in human plasma than unconjugated urokinase. PMID- 3161502 TI - Prolactin secretion in permeable GH3 pituitary cells is stimulated by Ca2+ and protein kinase C activators. AB - We have used GH3 cells permeabilized by electric field discharge to examine the effects of Ca2+ and protein kinase C activators (phorbol ester and diacylglycerol) on prolactin (PRL) release. Ca2+ was found to stimulate PRL release approximately 4 fold at 3 microM Ca2+ with a half-maximal response at approximately .5 microM estimated free Ca2+. 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13 acetate and 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol stimulated PRL release throughout a range of Ca2+ concentrations (1 nM -3 microM), but stimulation was greater at higher Ca2+ concentrations (.1 microM to 1 microM). Both agents decreased by 1.8 fold the apparent [Ca2+] at which half-maximal stimulation of secretion occurred. Quin 2 was used to measure the free [Ca2+] of intact and permeable cells; PRL secretion at a free [Ca2+] corresponding to resting cytoplasmic [Ca2+] was 10% of maximal, while secretion at the [Ca2+] corresponding to the Ca2+ spike induced by thyrotropin-releasing hormone was approximately 25% of maximal. PMID- 3161503 TI - Radioimmunoassay of atrial natriuretic factor: human plasma levels. AB - A simple and sensitive radioimmunoassay procedure has been developed for the determination of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in human plasma. The rabbit antiserum was obtained from a commercial source. ANF was extracted from plasma using an octadecasilyl silica cartridge with a recovery of 78.7%. HPLC of the plasma extract showed the presence of one immunoreactive peak of ANF corresponding to its low molecular weight form. Plasma ANF in humans increased from 8.0 +/- 2.2 in upright position to 20.0 +/- 5.9 fmol/ml (n = 6) in downward position (p less than 0.005). PMID- 3161504 TI - Activation of cellular protein kinase C and mode of inhibitory action of phospholipid-interacting compounds. AB - 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), that is intercalated into the cell membrane, binds a roughly stoichiometric amount of protein kinase C to produce a catalytically active complex with phospholipid. Local anesthetics and other phospholipid-interacting compounds such as chlorpromazine inhibit profoundly this complex formation in a manner competitive with phospholipid but not with TPA. A tiny change of the membrane phospholipid bilayer structure that is caused by TPA appears to facilitate this unique phospholipid-protein kinase C interaction. PMID- 3161506 TI - Siderophore production by the pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans. AB - Biochemical assays were used to determine that some strains of Candida albicans were capable of simultaneous secretion of both the hydroxamate and phenolate-type siderophores when grown in a deferrated medium at 37 degrees C. All isolants of C. albicans released hydroxamate-type siderophores into the culture medium; whereas, approximately 40% of the strains simultaneously secreted phenolate-type siderophores. The presence of phenolate and hydroxamate-type siderophores in the culture medium was further confirmed by assaying the culture media with type specific siderophore-dependent bacterial auxotrophs. This is the first report showing production of both classes of siderophores by a pathogenic yeast. PMID- 3161505 TI - Synergistic stimulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) release by protein kinase C activators and Ca2+-ionophore. AB - When cultured pituitary cells were stimulated with synthetic diacylglycerol such as 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG), or with a potent tumor promoter 12-O tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which are known stimulators of Ca2+ activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C), enhanced release of luteinizing hormone (LH) was observed. Similarly, LH release was also stimulated by the Ca2+-ionophore, A23187. Simultaneous presence of A23187 and OAG or TPA resulted in a synergistic response that mimicked the full physiological response to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). Removal of extracellular Ca2+ only slightly affected the stimulatory action of TPA and OAG on LH release, but completely blocked the effect of GnRH. The results suggest that the stimulatory effect of GnRH on LH release may be mediated by two intracellular pathways involving Ca2+ and diacylglycerol as second messengers. PMID- 3161507 TI - Lack of evidence for liver lectins functioning as IgM or IgG-Fc-receptors. AB - We have tested whether mannose- and galactose-specific lectins on liver cells are able to bind antibody-antigen complexes and thus function as Fc-receptors. Rat hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal cells were isolated by collagenase perfusion and differential centrifugation. Rat erythrocytes were coated with purified IgM or IgG from rabbits immunized with rat erythrocytes. Both IgM and IgG coated erythrocytes bound to liver macrophages but not to hepatocytes. The binding of IgM and IgG coated red blood cells to liver macrophages could not be blocked by potent inhibitors for mannose- and galactose-specific macrophage lectins such as mannan, D-mannose-bovine serum albumin, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, D-galactose bovine serum albumin, or asialofetuin. Although lectin activity is calcium dependent and trypsin sensitive neither condition blocked rosette formation between liver macrophages and opsonized erythrocytes. Thus mannose- and galactose specific lectins are not involved in the sequestration of IgM- or IgG-antibody erythrocyte complexes in the liver. PMID- 3161508 TI - Photoaffinity labeling of D-2 dopamine binding subunits from rat striatum, anterior pituitary and olfactory bulb with a new probe, [3H]azidosulpride. AB - A novel photoaffinity probe [3H] azidosulpride has been developed for biochemical studies of D-2 dopamine receptors. This ligand binds to the receptors with high affinity (Kd = 3.1 +/- 0.2 nM) and, upon photoactivation, about 20% of the radioactivity bound to membranes becomes covalently incorporated. More than 90% of this irreversible binding is protectable by dopaminergic agents including D-2 selective compounds, whereas D-1 selective and non-dopaminergic compounds are ineffective. Analysis by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals a single band at Mr = 85 kDa for labeled receptors in striatum, anterior pituitary or olfactory bulb, where pharmacologically distinct binding sites have been previously detected. PMID- 3161510 TI - ANF (Arg 101--Tyr 126) is the peptide secreted by rat atrial cardiocytes in culture. AB - The atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) secreted from rat cardiocytes in culture was purified and characterized. The purification procedure involves extraction of ANF by activated Vycor glass, followed by HPLC on C18 mu Bondapak and Vydac columns. The detection of ANF in column eluates was performed by a simple and sensitive radioimmunoassay. The amino acid composition and N-terminal amino acid sequencing appeared to be identical to the Arg 101 - Tyr 126 peptide. The isolated ANF showed biological activity, inhibiting basal and ACTH-stimulating aldosterone secretion from rat zona glomerulosa cells with the same potency as the synthetic peptide. PMID- 3161509 TI - N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase B deficiency in cultured fibroblasts from a patient with progressive motor neuron disease. AB - A patient with a 20-year history of progressive motor neuron disease was previously found to have profoundly low levels of N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase (Hex) in serum and leukocytes; Hex activity in cultured skin fibroblasts was in the low normal range. By thermal inactivation and cellulose acetate electrophoresis, the residual activity appeared to be Hex A. In the present study, the residual activity in cultured skin fibroblasts was further characterized as Hex A by thermal inactivation at reduced temperatures and ion exchange chromatography; no evidence was obtained for a diffusible inhibitor of Hex activity. After labeling with [3H]leucine, immunoprecipitation with polyclonal antibody to Hex B, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, both alpha and beta polypeptide chains were visualized, confirming the presence of Hex A. The results suggest that, in the patient's fibroblasts, a defect in beta-chain synthesis or processing precludes the self-association of beta-chains to form Hex B, but does not prevent the association of alpha- and beta-chains to form Hex A. PMID- 3161511 TI - Diacylglycerol-activated, calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) activity in bovine thyroid. AB - Bovine thyroid 100,000 X g supernatant contained diacylglycerol-activated, calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). The protein kinase C was partially purified using ion-exchange chromatography and characterized. Substrate specificity studies revealed that the enzyme was most active when histone F1 was used as substrate. The thyroid protein kinase C was not stimulated by Ca2+ or phosphatidylserine (PS), but was stimulated by the combination of the two by 570%. Diolein stimulated the kinase by increasing its sensitivity to Ca2+. Other phospholipids could not substitute for PS and were ineffective in stimulating the protein kinase C in the absence of diolein. However, in the presence of diolein some of the other phospholipids were stimulatory albeit not to the extent of PS. Quercitin, a protein kinase C inhibitor in other systems, inhibited the thyroid enzyme in a dose-related manner. Protein kinase C could also be demonstrated using endogenous thyroid proteins as substrate. Separation of these 32P-labelled proteins by electrophoresis and subsequent autoradiography revealed that three proteins were phosphorylated by the protein kinase C of approximate molecular weights 60,000, 45,000, and less than 29,000. These results offer a possible mechanism by which Ca2+ and/or diacylglycerol effects may be mediated in thyroid. PMID- 3161512 TI - Identification of a biologically active circulating form of rat atrial natriuretic factor. AB - An atrial natriuretic peptide has been isolated from plasma of morphine treated rats by means of glass beads extraction, immunoaffinity chromatography, and reverse phase HPLC. 1.3 micrograms of immunoreactive material was obtained. The biological activity of this material was found comparable to that of ANF (Arg 101 - Tyr 126) on the inhibition of basal aldosterone secretion by rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells and the displacement curve of iodinated ANF from ANF receptors in a mesenteric artery preparation. Gas phase amino acid sequencing indicated that it is related to ANF (Ser 99 - Tyr 126). These results suggest that the maturation of ANF may require a tryptic-like cleavage after a single Arg residue. PMID- 3161513 TI - Protein kinase C activity in pancreatic islets: effects of Ca2+, calmodulin and retinoic acid. AB - Pancreatic islet homogenates display protein kinase C activity. Although the rate of histone phosphorylation by islet homogenates is not enhanced by Ca2+ alone, the Ca2+ ion markedly augments reaction velocity in the presence of phosphatidylserine and at low concentrations (20 nM--0.2 microM) of the tumor promoting agent 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). At a higher concentration (2.0 microM), TPA stimulates histone phosphorylation even in the absence of Ca2+. Ca-calmodulin also stimulates protein phosphorylation but the latter effect is apparently mediated by a Ca-calmodulin-responsive protein kinase distinct from the protein kinase C. In the presence of phosphatidylserine, retinoic acid (0.1 microM) fails to cause any obvious change in protein kinase C activity. However, in the 0.1-100.0 microM range, retinoic acid confers a limited responsiveness to TPA in the absence of phosphatidylserine. These findings support the view that Ca2+ may regulate protein phosphorylation in the pancreatic B-cell through several distinct pathways. PMID- 3161514 TI - Induction of creatine kinase in immature rat uteri by zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin. AB - Intraperitoneal administration of alpha-zearalenone (ZEN) to female immature rats induced synthesis of a uterine protein which has been identified as creatine kinase. The induced enzyme was purified to homogeneity by chromatography on DEAE Sephacel and Hydroxyapatite Ultrogel. Guinea pig antiserum against estrogen induced uterine, rat uterine creatine kinase crossreacted with the ZEN-induced enzyme, indicating that ZEN exhibits an early estrogenic response in a manner analogous to natural estrogens. PMID- 3161515 TI - [Health for all in the year 2000, and the university]. PMID- 3161516 TI - [Traditional and modern medicine in Haiti]. PMID- 3161517 TI - [Function of health promoters in the Valle del Cauca Department, Colombia]. PMID- 3161518 TI - [Values of hemoglobin and serum iron in women of low socioeconomic class, Yucatan, Mexico]. PMID- 3161519 TI - [Primary health care in urban zones]. PMID- 3161520 TI - [Health services research. Current situation and perspectives]. PMID- 3161521 TI - Chronic alcoholic skeletal myopathy--common and reversible. AB - Although musculoskeletal symptoms are common in alcoholics, little is known of the prevalence of muscle pathology in this group. Quadriceps muscle biopsies were performed in 151 alcoholics (105 men). Ninety patients showed type 2 fibre atrophy predominantly affecting the type 2b anaerobic glycolytic fibres. In contrast, 7 biopsies revealed some muscle necrosis and only 1 patient had acute rhabdomyolysis. Amongst those alcoholics with muscle atrophy the quantity of alcohol consumed in the year prior to biopsy correlated significantly with the severity of the atrophy. Atrophy was not associated with vitamin B12, folate, pyridoxine, riboflavin or thiamine deficiencies. Although patients with severe liver disease, peripheral neuropathy or malnutrition were more likely to have muscle atrophy, nerve conduction studies showed that atrophy and neuropathy each occurred independently. Sequential studies in abstaining alcoholics showed a significant improvement within 3 months and often complete recovery within a year. Continued consumption of alcohol was associated with persistence or progression of the atrophy. This study shows that reversible type 2b muscle fibre atrophy is a frequent finding in alcoholics and suggests that it is directly related to alcohol consumption and is not a consequence of malnutrition, vitamin deficiency or peripheral neuropathy. PMID- 3161522 TI - Ethanol and intestinal carcinogenesis in the rat. AB - The effect of chronic ethanol administration on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced rectal carcinogenesis was investigated in 32 paired male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a nutritionally adequate liquid diet containing 36% of total calories either as ethanol or isocaloric carbohydrates. Chronic ethanol ingestion increased the total number of rectal tumors significantly (17 vs. 6, p less than 0.02), whereas no cocarcinogenic effect of ethanol was observed in other parts of the intestine. Alcohol did not influence tumor size or histopathology. A 47% increase in the activity of mucosal alcohol dehydrogenase in the distal colorectum was found between chronically ethanol fed and pair fed controls (0.241 +/- 0.019 vs. 0.164 +/- 0.020 mumol mg protein-1 hr-1, p less than 0.01). This could in part explain the cocarcinogenic effect of alcohol in this tissue. The data give experimental support to the epidemiologic findings of an increased incidence of rectal cancer in the alcoholic. PMID- 3161523 TI - Voluntary consumption of ethanol and its consequences in C57 mice treated with 4 methylpyrazole. AB - Daily injections of the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor 4-methylpyrazole (4MP) were administered to C57BL/6J mice offered continuous free access to food, water and 10% v/v ethanol. There was a significant correlation (r = -0.82) between the rate of ethanol consumption during pretreatment and the effect of 4MP on subsequent intake. Mice drinking more than 2.5 g/kg per day decreased their intake, while subjects drinking less than this amount increased the quantity of ethanol self-administered. The elevated concentrations of plasma ethanol which resulted from voluntary consumption were sufficient to produce intoxication but did not induce physical dependence. Presenting mice with 10% ethanol as their only fluid or offering them a choice of water and saccharin-sweetened ethanol increased intake but failed to raise plasma ethanol to the concentrations observed in mice offered unflavored ethanol and water, and treated with 4MP. The evidence suggests that plasma ethanol does not limit voluntary drinking in untreated mice and that concentrations of 135 to 250 mg/dl are not avoided by C57 mice in a free-choice situation. PMID- 3161524 TI - [Enzyme microdetermination of blood alcohol following separation in the gas phase]. PMID- 3161525 TI - Suppressor T cells role in the unresponsiveness to Candida albicans in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. AB - We investigated the immune function of two members of the same family, mother and son, affected by chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). In these cases CMC was not associated with hypofunction of endocrine organs, while the son showed histological feature of chronic active hepatitis. We observed a decrease in OKT4/OKT8 ratio and an increased suppressor cell function in both patients. Elimination of cytotoxic/suppressor T cells by lysis of these cells with OKT8 plus complement markedly improved lymphocyte proliferative responses to Candida antigens but not to unrelated antigens. These data suggest that specific suppression is probably responsible for failure of Candida albicans clearance in CMC patients. PMID- 3161527 TI - Corticosteroid therapy and the dental patient. PMID- 3161526 TI - [Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and beta-endorphin]. PMID- 3161528 TI - Age and nature of operation influence the pharmacokinetics of midazolam. AB - The pharmacokinetics of midazolam were studied in surgical patients given 0.3 mg kg-1 i.v. for either the induction of anaesthesia, or postoperative sedation following cardiopulmonary bypass. The short elimination half-life of midazolam (2.4 h in patients less than 50 yr undergoing minor surgery) was significantly, although not markedly, prolonged with age (4.1 h in patients greater than 50 yr undergoing minor procedures) and by the nature of the operation (3.8 h after major operative procedures). These changes were the result of alterations in clearance and volume of distribution with age, and in volume of distribution with nature of operation. PMID- 3161529 TI - Pharmacokinetics of diazepam and midazolam when used for sedation following cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The water-soluble benzodiazepine, midazolam, was compared with diazepam for postoperative sedation in patients following cardiopulmonary bypass. Midazolam in repeated doses produced a stable plasma concentration within 4 h, showed no tendency to cumulation and was cleared rapidly following discontinuation. Similar doses of diazepam given with the same frequency produced plasma concentrations which were still increasing at the time of discontinuation and which were still greater than their baseline values 24 h later. PMID- 3161530 TI - Allergic reaction after atracurium. PMID- 3161531 TI - Controlled trial of ketanserin in hypertension. AB - We have completed a double-blind parallel group comparison of the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin with placebo in 22 hypertensive patients. Ketanserin (20-40 mg twice daily) lowered sitting blood pressure more than placebo by 6.9 mm Hg systolic (NS), 13.1 mm Hg diastolic (P less than 0.05) and by 11.4 mm Hg mean arterial pressure (P less than 0.02). The fall in standing blood pressure was similar and we observed no first dose hypotensive effect. Ketanserin lowered the sitting heart rate by 11.1 beats/min (P less than 0.01). The drug was well tolerated. PMID- 3161532 TI - Does treatment timing matter?--A double blind crossover study of ibuprofen 2400 mg per day in different dosage schedules in treatment of chronic low back pain. PMID- 3161533 TI - The effects of the administration of tamoxifen, ethynyloestradiol, and prednisolone on the activities of certain enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in primary human breast carcinomas in vivo. AB - Postmenopausal patients with primary breast cancer were treated with tamoxifen, ethynyloestradiol or prednisolone for up to 12 days before mastectomy and the effects of pretreatments with these drugs on the activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) and alpha glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH) in the carcinomas were compared with age, stage and menopausal status matched untreated controls. The administration of tamoxifen or prednisolone resulted in a significant increase in the activity of alpha-GPDH and the alpha-GPDH/6PGDH ratio, whereas ethynyl-oestradiol treatment produced a significant decrease in the activity of the enzyme and the ratio. When tamoxifen and ethynyl-oestradiol were administered together, it was found that tamoxifen failed to reverse the oestrogen-induced reduction in the activity of alpha-GPDH. Since increased activity of the enzyme or a higher alpha GPDH/6PGDH ratio are associated with a lower risk of recurrence (Deshpande et al., 1981), it is postulated that the beneficial effects of tamoxifen or prednisolone in terms of prolongation of the relapse free interval might be mediated via alterations in the activity of alpha-GPDH in micrometastases. The activities of PFK and 6PGDH remained unaffected by these treatments. PMID- 3161534 TI - Medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy in hirsutism. AB - In a pilot study, 26 hirsute females were treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). We used an ointment containing 0.2% MPA in 13 patients, subcutaneous injection of MPA into the hairy areas of the face in five patients and intramuscular injection of low doses of MPA in 13 patients, each for an average duration of 16 weeks. The best clinical result was achieved by subcutaneous injection, the next most successful was the intramuscular injection, and the least successful was the topical application. Hair diameter measurements, carried out in 12 patients, were found to be reduced by 33% on average. Serum androgen levels, measured monthly, remained unaffected by topical treatment, but were decreased by intralesional and intramuscular injection. The clinical improvement with topical therapy despite the lack of effect on serum androgen levels supports the idea that MPA works partly at the cellular level. The intralesional and systemic injection of MPA may exert an effect both by systemic androgen suppression and a local action. PMID- 3161535 TI - Cytotoxic activity of Propionibacterium acnes and other skin organisms. AB - Culture supernatants from four species of skin micro-organisms were tested against VERO (monkey kidney cells) and skin fibroblasts for cytotoxic activity. Cytotoxic activity was produced by the three species of Propionibacterium tested (P. acnes, P. avidum and P. granulosum), and this activity was highest when cultures were grown in the presence of glucose. In contrast, Staphylococcus epidermidis was devoid of cytotoxic activity whether grown in the presence of glucose or not. The agent responsible for the cytotoxic activity was heat stable, of low molecular weight and removable from supernatants by ether extraction. These properties, coupled with the finding that the levels of cytotoxicity are directly proportional to the concentrations of propionate measured in samples, suggests that propionate is the agent responsible for the cytotoxicity of the culture supernatants. Pure propionate and the salts of other carboxylic acids (CI to C5) were tested at the same concentrations and showed different degrees of cytotoxicity depending on their chain length. Propionate may have an important role in the aetiology of the disease acne vulgaris. PMID- 3161536 TI - The influence of the polyphenols of cider on plasmin and plasminogen activators. AB - Preliminary findings suggested that the inhibitory activity on fibrinolysis produced by most varieties of cider is due to their content of polyphenols. In particular, the inhibitory activity co-eluted with the brown coloration on gel filtration, was removed by adsorption with polyvinylpyrrolidine, and was greatly reduced in a type of cider with a low concentration of phenolic compounds. The individual polyphenols of apple juice and ciders were examined for their ability to inhibit tissue activator, urokinase and plasmin. Neither phloridzin nor chlorogenic acid had any inhibitory activity at concentrations of 500 micrograms/ml while epicatechin had only a slight inhibitory effect at this concentration. The procyanidin fractions were markedly inhibitory on urokinase induced clot lysis, the amidolytic activity of plasmin and on the fibrinolytic activities of plasmin, urokinase and tissue activator on fibrin plates: inhibition was noted at concentrations as low as 0.25 micrograms/ml. The order of inhibition was polymer greater than oligomer greater than trimer greater than dimer. PMID- 3161537 TI - Secondary structure of human plasma fibronectin: conformational change induced by calf alveolar heparan sulfates. AB - The quantitative analysis of circular dichroic spectra of native human plasma fibronectin according to the method of Provencher and Glockner [Provencher, S. W., & Glockner, J. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 33-37] indicated the presence of beta sheet (79%), beta-turn (21%), but no alpha-helix or random coil in the secondary structure. The calf alveolar heparan sulfates induced a change in the conformation of fibronectin: the magnitude of the change depended on the molecular properties of the particular heparan sulfate preparations. PMID- 3161538 TI - Effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on the actomyosin adenosine-5'-triphosphatase of stably phosphorylated gizzard myosin. AB - There are conflicting reports on the effect of Ca2+ on actin activation of myosin adenosine-triphosphatase (ATPase) once the light chain is fully phosphorylated by a calcium calmodulin dependent kinase. Using thiophosphorylated gizzard myosin, Sherry et al. [Sherry, J. M. F., Gorecka, A., Aksoy, M. O., Dabrowska, R., & Hartshorne, D. J. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 4417-4418] observed that the actin activation of ATPase was not inhibited by the removal of Ca2+. Hence, it was suggested that the regulation of actomyosin ATPase activity of gizzard myosin by calcium occurs only via phosphorylation. In the present study, phosphorylated and thiophosphorylated myosins were prepared free of kinase and phosphatase activity; hence, the ATPase activity could be measured at various concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ without affecting the level of phosphorylation. The ATPase activity of myosin was activated either by skeletal muscle or by gizzard actin at various concentrations of Mg2+ and either at pCa 5 or at pCa 8. The activation was sensitive to Ca2+ at low Mg2+ concentrations with both actins. Tropomyosin potentiated the actin-activated ATPase activity at all Mg2+ and Ca2+ concentrations. The calcium sensitivity of phosphorylated and thiophosphorylated myosin reconstituted with actin and tropomyosin was most pronounced at a free Mg2+ concentration of about 3 mM. The binding of 125I-tropomyosin to actin showed that the calcium sensitivity of ATPase observed at low Mg2+ concentration is not due to a calcium-mediated binding of tropomyosin to F-actin. The actin activation of both myosins was insensitive to Ca2+ when the Mg2+ concentration was increased above 5 mM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3161539 TI - Networks of DNA and RecA protein are intermediates in homologous pairing. AB - Partial coating of single-stranded DNA by recA protein causes its aggregation, but conditions that promote complete coating inhibit independent aggregation of single strands and, instead, cause the mutually dependent conjunction of single- and double-stranded DNA in complexes that sediment at more than 10 000 S. This coaggregation is independent of homology but otherwise shares key properties of homologous pairing of single strands with duplex DNA: both processes require ATP, MgCl2, and stoichiometric amounts of recA protein; both are very sensitive to inhibition by salt and ADP. Coaggregates are closed domains that are intermediates in homologous pairing: they form faster than joint molecules, they include virtually all of the DNA in the reaction mixture, and they yield joint molecules nearly an order of magnitude faster than they exchange DNA molecules with the surrounding solution. The independent aggregation of single-stranded DNA differs in all respects except the requirement for Mg2+, and its properties correlate instead with those associated with the renaturation of complementary single strands by recA protein. PMID- 3161540 TI - Quantitative characterization of the binding of plasminogen to intact fibrin clots, lysine-sepharose, and fibrin cleaved by plasmin. AB - The binding of human Glu- and Lys-plasminogens to intact fibrin clots, to lysine Sepharose, and to fibrin cleaved by plasmin was quantitatively characterized. On intact fibrin clots, there was one strong binding site for Glu-plasminogen with a dissociation constant, Kd, of 25 microM and one strong binding site for Lys plasminogen with a Kd of 7.9 microM. In both cases, the number of plasminogen binding sites per fibrin monomer was 1. Also, a much weaker binding site for Glu plasminogen was observed with a Kd of about 350 microM. Limited digestion of fibrin by plasmin created additional binding sites for plasminogen with Kd values similar to the binding of plasminogen to lysine-Sepharose. This was predictable given the observations that plasminogen binds to lysine-Sepharose and can be eluted with epsilon-aminocaproic acid [Deutsch, D.G., & Mertz, E.T. (1970) Science (Washington, D.C.) 170, 1095-1096] and that plasmin preferentially cleaves fibrin at the carboxy side of lysyl residues [Weinstein, M.J., & Doolittle, R.F. (1972) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 258, 577-590], because the structures of the lysyl moiety in lysine-Sepharose and of epsilon-aminocaproic acid are identical with the structure of a COOH-terminal lysyl residue created by plasmin cleavage of fibrin. The Kd for the binding of Glu-plasminogen to lysine Sepharose was 43 microM and for fibrin partially cleaved by plasmin 48 microM. The Kd for the binding of Lys-plasminogen to lysine-Sepharose was 30 microM. With fibrin partially cleaved by plasmin, there were two types of binding sites for Lys-plasminogen, one with a Kd of 7.6 microM and the other with a Kd of 44 microM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3161541 TI - Kinetics of Na+-ATPase: influence of Na+ and K+ on substrate binding and hydrolysis. AB - An analysis of the influence of Na+ and K+ on the kinetics of Na+-ATPase in broken membrane preparations from bovine brain is presented with particular emphasis on the effect of the cations on the binding and splitting of the substrate MgATP and on the derivation of a detailed kinetic model for that interaction. It was found that the enzyme in the absence of Na+ and K+, but in the presence of 7 mM free Mg2+, at pH 7.4 (37 degrees C) exhibits an ouabain sensitive ATPase activity. The simplest model quantitatively compatible with all the data involves two different, interconvertible (conformational) forms of the enzyme, E1 and E'1, with the following properties: The E1 form does not bind K+ but has three independent and equivalent high-affinity sites (Kd = 5.6 mM) for Na+. It binds and hydrolyzes substrate only when two or three sodium ions are bound to it. The E'1 form binds and hydrolyzes the substrate only in the absence of monovalent cations. It is competitively inhibited by K+ (Kd = 0.23 mM), and this inhibition is further enhanced by binding of Na+ to the K+-bound form at two equivalent, independent sites (Kd = 12 mM). It is suggested that the E'1 form is the Mg2+-induced conformational state of the enzyme observed by others, which differs from the usually encountered E1 and E2 forms. The model allows the calculation of ATP-binding and ADP-releasing rate constants for the E1-form for later comparison with corresponding rate constants for the (na+ + K+)-ATPase (following paper). PMID- 3161544 TI - Bile acids in deermice lacking liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - Liver alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) is believed to catalyze the oxidation of 26-hydroxylated intermediates in the biosynthesis of bile acids from cholesterol. We have therefore analyzed the composition and size of the bile acid pool in deer mice genetically lacking alcohol dehydrogenase. Cholic acid was found to be the major primary bile acid accompanied by small amounts of chenodeoxycholic acid. Variable amounts of secondary bile acids were also present, mainly deoxycholic acid and 3 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5 beta-cholanoic acid. The same bile acids were found in animals with normal levels of alcohol dehydrogenase. The pool of bile acids in the gallbladder, small intestine and large intestine varied between 4.2 and 8.4 mumol in four animals lacking alcohol dehydrogenase and between 6.0 and 8.4 mumol in four control animals. Ethanol did not influence pool size or composition of bile acids in the animal studied. It is concluded that alcohol dehydrogenase is not obligatory for normal bile acid biosynthesis. PMID- 3161543 TI - Decoration of actin filaments with skeletal muscle heavy meromyosin containing either phosphorylated or dephosphorylated regulatory light chains. AB - Heavy meromyosin containing almost intact regulatory light chains (LC2) was obtained from monomeric phosphorylated and dephosphorylated rabbit fast skeletal muscle myosin by brief chymotryptic digestion in the presence of CaCl2. Actin filaments, complexed with heavy meromyosin, display two different forms of arrowhead, depending on the form of LC2. PMID- 3161542 TI - The phorbol ester receptor: a phospholipid-regulated protein kinase. PMID- 3161545 TI - Lignoceroyl-coenzyme A synthetase from developing rat brain: partial purification, characterization and comparison with palmitoyl-coenzyme A synthetase activity and liver enzyme. AB - As part of a long-term study of sphingolipid metabolism in brain, we have purified and partially characterized a long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase from microsomes of developing rat brain and compared it with the hepatic microsomal enzyme from the same animals. Both enzymes were solubilized from microsomes by treatment with Triton X-100 and then chromatographed successively on Blue Sepharose and DEAE-Sepharose. Blue-Sepharose chromatography yielded a single peak with acyl-CoA synthetase activity, whereas DEAE-Sepharose chromatography of both brain and liver preparations yielded two peaks. Elution patterns of lignoceroyl CoA synthetase and palmitoyl-CoA synthetase activities were identical throughout these steps and were similar in brain and liver. Gel filtration of each DEAE Sepharose fraction on Sephadex G-200 also yielded two peaks of activity. The more rapidly eluted material contained much more lignoceroyl-CoA synthetase activity, while the activity for palmitoyl-CoA synthetase was higher in slower eluting peaks. In all preparations the ratio of lignoceroyl-CoA synthetase activity to palmitoyl-CoA synthetase activity was much higher in brain than in liver. These results suggest that although the brain acyl-CoA synthetase is chromatographically similar to the liver enzyme, there are differences in substrate specificity. PMID- 3161547 TI - [The 2,3-diphosphoglycerate shunt and stabilization of the ATP level in mammalian erythrocytes]. AB - The mechanisms of regulation of energy metabolism in erythrocytes of various mammalian species were investigated. In native erythrocytes of man, sheep, cow, dog and mouse the dependencies of the rates of glucose uptake on ATP concentration (i.e., regulatory parameters of glycolysis) were measured. These parameters plotted in normalized coordinates are not species-specific (invariant). The dependence of the rate of ATP-consuming processes on ATP concentration has been studied for the first time in intact mammalian erythrocytes. This dependence was found to be linear only in the species, in whose erythrocytes the activity of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate shunt is practically zero. In all species under study, the stabilization of ATP level is provided for mainly by the hexokinase-phosphofructokinase system. A comparison of regulatory mechanisms of energy metabolism in mammalian (sheep, cow) erythrocytes, in which the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate shunt is absent, with human and animal erythrocytes, in which this pathway is active, points to the important role of the 2,3 diphosphoglycerate shunt in regulation of energy conversion in erythrocytes. This shunt operates as an additional stabilizer protecting the cell from extremal influences. PMID- 3161546 TI - Synthesis of basement membrane components by differentiated thyroid cells. AB - Morphological studies indicate that basement membrane formation or maintenance can be achieved in cultures of thyroid cells. In the present investigation we have studied the biosynthesis of this extracellular matrix by differentiated porcine thyroid cells in culture. They were prepared by two procedures: (1) thyroid cells isolated by dispase digestion of the thyroid gland were maintained in serum-free medium on poly(L-lysine) coated dishes; (2) thyroid follicles released by collagenase treatment of the gland were isolated by differential filtration and cultured in suspension on agarose-coated dishes. In both cases, functional follicular-like structures were obtained as shown by their ability to organify Na125I and to respond to thyrotropin stimulation (250 microU/ml). After incubating the cells with radiolabeled proline or methionine, collagen synthesis was observed with the two types of culture, as shown by the formation of radioactive hydroxyproline and by the synthesis of peptides with electrophoretic properties identical to those of authentic collagen molecules and susceptible to collagenase. Besides variable amounts of type I and type III collagen-like peptides, significant proportions of labeled peptides migrated with type IV collagen chains and were precipitated by anti-type IV collagen antibody; thyrotropin had no significant effect either on the total collagen synthesis or on the relative amounts of the different collagen peptides. When thyroid cells were incubated with [35S]sulfate, a labeled glycosaminoglycan with chromatographic properties analogous to that of heparan sulfate could be obtained in both culture conditions; here again, no effect of thyrotropin was observed. The ability of differentiated porcine thyroid cells to synthesize basement membrane was suggested by their production of type IV collagen and heparan sulfate, two of its potential components. Thyrotropin, which drastically enhanced the functional property of the cells, did not seem to regulate this synthesis. PMID- 3161548 TI - [A model of the allosteric behavior of phosphofructokinase from rabbit muscles determined by the action of adenine nucleotides]. AB - A complex of programs in BASIC has been elaborated, the first part of which is intended for the calculation of concentrations of different ionic forms of the metabolites that are engaged in a complex equilibrium system of the metal-ligand mixture-H+ type. The second part of the complex is employed in the simulation of allosteric kinetics on the basis of the Monod-Wyman-Changeux model. The calculation of ratios of different components in the Mg2+-AMP, ADP and ATP system is used for the semi-quantitative description of regulation of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase by adenyl nucleotides at pH 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0. The use of computer optimization by the net method over the four experimental curves jointly makes it possible to determine self-concerted parameters of the model, which, in its turn, permits to give a "unified" description of the whole body of experimental evidence (48 curves). Fourteen variants of the model differing in the number of pH-dependent parameters and ATP ionic forms have been compared. The statistical significance of the differences between the variants has been analyzed. The "optimal" and "minimal" models have been elicited providing the most exact and most "unified" description of the experimental data, respectively. The allosteric effect of free ATP and its Mg2+-complex has been demonstrated. It follows from the computations that free ATP should activate phosphofructokinase with a very high affinity for the enzyme, while Mg-ATP2- should inhibit the enzyme (at the regulatory site). PMID- 3161549 TI - Measurement of ergotamine in human plasma by triple sector quadrupole mass spectrometry with negative ion chemical ionization. AB - By use of negative ion chemical ionization and collision-activated decomposition in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer a method has been developed for the quantification of ergotamine in human plasma at levels down to 2 pg ml-1. PMID- 3161550 TI - Identification of the major metabolite of 4,4'-thio-bis-(6-t-butyl-m-cresol). AB - Metabolism of 4,4'-thio-bis-(2-t-butyl-5-methylphenol)(TBBC) in rats resulted in the formation of a glucuronide conjugate of TBBC. This conjugate was identified by a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry and a tandem mass spectrometric method employing a fast particle ionization technique. A comparison of mass spectral data from the in-vivo metabolite of TBBC and an enzymically synthesized glucuronide conjugate of TBBC showed the metabolite to be the monoglucuronide. PMID- 3161551 TI - Investigations on antipyrine metabolism V. Differentiation of two isomeric hydroxyantipyrine glucuronides by field desorption and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. AB - The glucuronide conjugates of the two isomeric antipyrine phase I metabolites of antipyrine in man, 4-hydroxyantipyrine and 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine have been analysed by field desorption and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. These isomers could be clearly distinguished on the basis of their fragmentation behaviour which was found to correlate with that observed under pyrolysis electron impact conditions. PMID- 3161552 TI - Fast atom bombardment and collisional activation mass spectrometry of retinyl phosphate mannose synthesized by liver membranes. AB - Fast atom bombardment (FAB) and collisional activation dissociation (CAD) mass analysed ion kinetic energy (MIKE) spectra have confirmed the structures of retinyl phosphate (Ret-P), retinyl phosphate mannose (Ret-P-Man) and guanosine 5' diphospho-D-mannose (GDP-Man). Ret-P-Man was made in vitro while Ret-P and GDP Man were chemically synthesized. Positive ion FAB mass spectrometry of Ret-P showed an observable short-lived spectrum with a mass ion at m/z 367 [M + H]+, and a major fragment ion at m/z 269 [M + H - H3PO4]+. Negative ion FAB mass spectrometry of Ret-P showed a strong stable spectrum with a parent ion at m/z 365 [M - H]-, a glycerol (G) adduct ion at m/z 457 [M - H + G]- and a dimer ion at m/z 731 [2M - H]-. GDP-Man showed an intense spectrum with parent ion at m/z 604 [M - H]- and cationized species at m/z 626 [M + Na - 2H]- and 648 [M + 2Na - 3H]-. Negative ion FAB mass spectrometry of Ret-P-Man showed a parent ion at m/z 527 [M - H]- and a fragment ion at m/z 259 [C6H12PO9]-. The CAD-MIKE spectra showed structurally significant fragment ions at m/z 442 and 361 for the [M - H]- ion of GDP-Man, and at m/z 509, 406, 364 and 241 for the [M - H]- ion of Ret-P Man. FAB and CAD-MIKE spectra have been applied successfully to confirm the structure of Ret-P-Man made in vitro from Ret-P and GDP-Man. PMID- 3161553 TI - Metabolite identification of missile fuel JP-10 by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. AB - The identification of the metabolites of the Air Force missile fuel JP-10 was accomplished. 5-Hydroxy-JP-10 was identified as the urinary metabolite of rats, mice and hamsters exposed to JP-10. 5-Keto-JP-10 was a major metabolite found in kidney extracts of male rats exposed to JP-10 but not found in kidney extracts from female rats or from other species. Sex-related differences in the formation of 5-keto-JP-10 in rats were studied. PMID- 3161554 TI - Comparison of gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric and microbiological assays for 5-fluorouracil in plasma. AB - The concentrations of 5-fluorouracil in 99 plasma samples were determined by both microbiological and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric assays. The values determined by the two methods were similar (correlation coefficient = 0.90). A regression of the natural logarithms of the concentrations (0.01-94 micrograms ml 1) determined by the two methods gave a line whose slope and intercept were not statistically different (p greater than 0.05) from 1 and 0 respectively. Thus, the microbiological assay has specificity over a sufficient concentration range to serve as a practical routine laboratory method for the determination of 5 fluorouracil. PMID- 3161555 TI - Direct liquid introduction LC/MS microbore experiments for the analysis of nucleoside material present in human urine. AB - In order to obtain detection limits low enough for the analysis of nucleoside material in biological samples, a direct liquid introduction (liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric DLI) system was upgraded by inserting a self built desolvation chamber between the DLI probe and the ion source and by switching to microbore high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a C-18 column. The system was evaluated for the analysis of pure nucleoside and 2' deoxynucleoside compounds in CH3OH + H2O (80/20) and for the analysis of nucleoside mixtures which were separated using 0.01 M ammonium formate + methanol (97:3) as eluant. The detection of structurally important fragment ions in the lower mass region which could not be observed before and an enhanced sensitivity are considered to be the main improvements. In combination with an appropriate clean-up procedure the system was evaluated for the DLI liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of some nucleosides present in a human urine sample. Pseudouridine and 5,6-dihydrouridine were detected and identified. PMID- 3161556 TI - Partial purification of dopamine D2 receptors using lectin affinity columns. AB - Dopamine D2 receptors, detected by [3H]spiperone binding, were solubilized from bovine caudate nucleus by cholate/sodium chloride and were found to bind to wheat germ agglutinin immobilized on agarose. Specific elution could be achieved with N acetylglucosamine whereas other sugars tested were inactive in this regard. The eluted preparation was enriched in solubilized receptors about sevenfold. The pharmacological properties of the preparation were essentially unchanged by the lectin affinity purification procedure. The D2 dopamine receptor is therefore a glycoprotein. PMID- 3161557 TI - [Participation of endogenous opioid peptides in the pathogenesis of motion sickness]. AB - Investigations were performed with 19 healthy male volunteers to specify a possible role of endogenous opioid peptides in the pathogenesis of motion sickness. For this purpose the test subjects were administered naloxone, a specific antagonist of opiates and opioids, before rotation and during rotation in a BU-4 armchair at a rate of 30 rpm. In addition, the content of beta endorphin in blood plasma was measured. It was discovered that naloxone exerts both prophylactic and therapeutic effects as regards the simulated motion sickness. In this respect it was more efficacious than the reference drug scopolamine. After rotation there was a significant increase in the beta endorphin content in the blood plasma of the test subjects. It is assumed that endogenous opioid peptides (in particular beta-endorphin) may be directly involved in the genesis of vestibulo-vegetative disorders in motion sickness. PMID- 3161558 TI - [Electrophoretic detection of protein p53 in human leukocytes]. AB - Protein (m.v. 53 kilodalton) with electrophoretic mobility identical to that of protein detected in leukocytes of patients with Down's syndrome and of protein p53 obtained from mouse ascites carcinoma was demonstrated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in healthy donors' leukocytes cultured with PHA and in peripheral blood of patients with chronic myeloleukemia. Appearance of the class p53 proteins in leukocytes of patients may be connected with the presence in their blood of the population of immature or transformed, proliferating or merely DNA synthesizing leukocytes, particularly those amplifying the gene that codes protein p53. PMID- 3161560 TI - [Effect of adaptation to high-altitude conditions on the circadian rhythm of the epithelial mitotic activity in the convoluted kidney tubules in white rats]. AB - It has been established in experiments on 280 white randombred male rats weighing 100-120 g that the lifting of the animals from the valley (820 m above the sea level) to the mountains (3379 m above the sea level) brings about within the first day marked suppression of the mitotic activity of the epithelium of involuted renal tubules. This activity increases beginning from the end of the first week, approaches the control value by the 30th day of adaptation and almost completely returns to normal by the 60th day of the animals' stay in the mountains. The circadian rhythms of the mitotic activity appeared undisturbed and was monophasic in nature. PMID- 3161559 TI - [Separation of rat serum antisuppressor antibodies eliminating T-suppressors and stimulating their generation in mice in vivo]. AB - Immunization of rats with enriched murine specific T-suppressors (STS) permitted obtaining the antisuppressor serum (ASS) which selectively inactivated in vitro the capacity of the STS to inhibit the proliferation of T-lymphocytes in a mixed lymphocyte culture in response to allo-antigens. Two opposite effects of the ASS in vivo were demonstrated: elimination of T-suppressors (on ASS administration 4 days after immunization) and stimulation of their formation (on ASS administration before immunization or to non-immunized mice). It is assumed that the two opposite effects of the ASS in vivo are caused by two different types of antibodies to unidentified markers of STS to an antigen of differentiated STS and to an antigen expressed on their precursors. PMID- 3161561 TI - Hypoplastic anemia in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: evolution of T cell mediated suppression of erythropoiesis in early-stage and late-stage disease. AB - To define further the role of marrow T suppressor lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of the hypoproliferative anemia in all Rai clinical stages of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), marrow erythroid progenitor cell (CFU-E and BFU-E) frequency, marrow T gamma lymphocyte frequency per 1,000 nucleated marrow cells, and T cell-erythroid progenitor cell interactions were examined in 30 CLL patients and normal control subjects. As compared with control subjects, decreased numbers of CFU-E and BFU-E were found in patient marrow depleted of neoplastic B cells in all Rai stages of the disease. As a group, Rai stage III through IV patients with or without aplasia (CLL-aplasia) had significantly fewer CFU-E and BFU-E than did Rai O through II stage patients. The numbers of T gamma cells infiltrating CLL marrows were increased 3, 9, and 20 times normal in Rai O through II, Rai III through IV, and CLL-aplasia groups, respectively. Removal of T cells from marrow increased growth of CFU-E and BFU-E in all Rai O through IV patients, but the increase was significant in the CLL-aplasia group only (P less than .05). However, autologous coculture of marrow T cells or T gamma cells but not B cells with marrow B + T-depleted null cells at ratios of 0.2:1 to 1:1 suppressed CFU-E and BFU-E growth in all three patient groups. We conclude that the hypoproliferative anemia occurring in the course of B cell CLL is due to gradual accumulation in the marrow of T gamma lymphocytes which suppress erythroid progenitor cell growth. T gamma cell suppression of erythropoiesis and marrow T gamma cell expansion is detectable in the earliest Rai stages of the disease. PMID- 3161563 TI - Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex and Ca2+ influx into stimulated platelets. AB - Changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations [( Ca2+]i) in platelets stimulated with aggregating agents were measured with the fluorescent indicator dye quin 2. Ca2+ influx, but not intracellular mobilization, in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), platelet aggregating factor (PAF-acether), and sodium arachidonate was significantly inhibited by monoclonal antibodies against the glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa complex; inhibition of thrombin-stimulated influx was inhibited to a lesser extent and reached statistical significance only at thrombin concentrations of 0.1 U/mL and below. Anti-GP Ib and HLA-ABC monoclonal antibodies had no effect on Ca2+ influx in response to any agonist. Thrombasthenic platelets gave normal [Ca2+]i responses to ADP and thrombin, which were not inhibited by an anti-GP IIb-IIIa antibody. It is suggested that Ca2+ influx in response to weak agonists occurs predominantly via a channel closely adjacent to the GP IIb-IIIa complex, but that higher concentrations of thrombin and A23187 also stimulate influx via another pathway. PMID- 3161562 TI - Common and pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells express interleukin 2 receptors, and interleukin 2 stimulates in vitro colony formation. AB - The role of interleukin 2 (IL 2) as a possible regulator of in vitro proliferation and differentiation of non-T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells was investigated. For this purpose, leukemic cells from the blood or bone marrow of eight untreated patients with common or pre-B ALL were analyzed using the anti-Tac monoclonal antibody (reactive with the IL 2 receptor) in indirect immunofluorescence. The receptors for IL 2, which were initially absent from the cell surface, were induced on high percentages of the ALL cells after the in vitro exposure to the lectin phytohemagglutinin or the phorbol ester 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in six patients, suggesting that the cells had become sensitive to IL 2. In colony cultures to which feeder leukocytes and IL 2 had been added, colony growth was obtained in five of eight cases. Whereas the cells from one patient formed colonies in the absence of exogenous stimuli, the cells from others were dependent on the addition of feeder leukocytes plus IL 2. In the latter cases, feeder leukocytes alone, releasing some IL 2, stimulated growth suboptimally at different cell concentrations. Their stimulative effect was significantly enhanced when leukocyte-derived IL 2 or pure recombinant IL 2 was supplemented. Alone, IL 2 (up to 500 U/mL) did not support colony formation. Apparently, IL 2 and feeder leukocytes are both required for the induction of colonies in these cases of ALL. From cell sorting of fluorescent anti-common ALL antigen (CALLA) stained cells it appeared that colonies descended from cells with high as well as low or negative CALLA expression. Immunophenotyping demonstrated the presence of the original leukemia markers on colony cells, but was not indicative of maturation of ALL toward more differentiated B cells. We suggest that IL 2 can stimulate the in vitro proliferation of certain neoplastic B lymphocyte progenitors. PMID- 3161565 TI - Oral medroxyprogesterone acetate in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. AB - Thirty-nine evaluable, postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast carcinoma were treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate administered orally at daily doses of 800 mg/day in 29 patients and 400 mg/day in 10 patients. One patient experienced a complete remission and 16 had partial remissions for an objective remission rate of 44%. There was no apparent difference in response between the two dose levels. Median remission duration was 8 months, and median survival for the whole group is expected to exceed 18 months. Increased appetite (66%) and weight gain (97%) were the most common side effects, followed by fluid retention, muscle cramps, and increased blood pressure. Performance status improved and white blood cell and platelet counts increased in the majority of patients. Medroxyprogesterone acetate is an effective hormonal agent in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 3161567 TI - Increase of globin RNA synthesis induced by phosphatidylserine liposomes in isolated erythroleukemic cell nuclei. Morphological and functional features. AB - The effect of phospholipid vesicles on chromatin structure, protein composition and globin RNA synthesis has been analysed in nuclei isolated from murine erythroleukemia cells. In terms of chromatin organisation, PC vesicles with neutral surface charge do not affect the structure of chromatin fibres, whereas negatively charged PS vesicles induce chromatin decondensation to a great extent. Indeed the fibres appear uniformly dispersed lacking also the perinucleolar heterochromatin. These morphological features are accompanied by depletion of lysine-rich histones H1 and H1(0) and of histone-like protein A5, due to PS liposomes. Functionally, PS vesicles induce enhancement both of total RNA and specific mRNA synthesis, as analysed by in vitro transcription of beta globin gene. On the contrary, PC vesicles do not seem to affect significantly total RNA and globin mRNA synthesis. These observations fit well with previous data obtained in other experimental systems, and support both the use of these molecules as probes for chromatin structure and function and their possible involvement in transcriptional events. PMID- 3161566 TI - The mitoribosomes. AB - So great an interest in numerous laboratories toward the understanding of the mitoribosome structures and functions comes from at least the two following considerations: a) in the field of the biogenesis of mitochondria, the mitoribosome is a biological key structure, on which synthesis of fundamental mitochondrial elements depends; b) from a phylogenetic point of view questions about the ancestral origin of mitochondrial genomes remain open. Mitoribosomes resemble other ribosomes in their fundamental properties. They are constituted of two subunits containing RNA and proteins. They function according to the same overall mechanism, using initiator tRNA, aminoacyl-tRNA and factors for initiation and elongation to translate mRNA. Mitoribosomes have been observed in situ and their composition has been established by ultrastructural cytochemistry. They are preferentially associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane and are occasionally aligned in "mitopolysomes". Mitoribosomes have been isolated, obtained whole or dissociated into subunits. Frequently, fine morphological details permit to distinguish the mitoribosomes from their cytoplasmic counterparts. The diversity found in various physico-chemical properties (S coefficient, molecular weight, buoyant density, RNA/protein ratio, RNA and protein characteristics) of mitoribosomes indicates that this class of ribosomes is the more heterogeneous. Small and large mrRNA from various organisms showed frequent homologies and conserved basic secondary structures (these similarities depending on the organism) in defined RNA regions, when compared with their counterpart molecules in other ribosomes from various origins. These regions are probably involved in the maintenance of fundamental active conformation. Post transcriptional oligoadenylation of 3'-termini of the small and large mrRNA in mammals appears to be a general phenomenon. Methylated nucleotides in large and small mrRNA are rare, but their presence seems to constitute an important feature, for they have been phylogenetically conserved and are located in regions of the mrRNA molecules which show a high degree of primary sequence conservation. One unique feature of the mitoribosomes of animal and fungal cells is the absence of 5 S and 5.8 S rRNA molecules. But a well-established exception to the general absence of 5 S RNA is the presence of this RNA molecule in mitoribosomes extracted from higher plants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3161568 TI - In vivo interaction between mouse liver lysosomes and chloroquine. AB - Particles sedimenting at 27,000 g X 10 min (MLCQ) were separated from liver homogenates of mice injected with chloroquine (CQ). The MLCQ contained most of the drug recovered in the organ as well as 50% of the liver aryl sulphatase activity. The release of CQ from MLCQ was studied in some physicochemical conditions, and in the presence of various agents known to modify membrane composition and stability. At pH 7.4, the equilibrium between free and bound CQ depended on the dilution of the MLCQ, and the time to reach equilibrium was strongly influenced by the temperature of incubation. Several agents causing membrane disruption and lysosomal enzyme leakage, such as osmotic shock, sonication and digitonin, had little effect on the CQ release. Acid and alkaline buffers, 0.55 M KCl and 0.1% Triton X-100 caused, instead, the immediate release of most of the bound CQ. Concentrations of digitonin causing the release of aryl sulphatase activity had little effect on bound CQ, suggesting that the drug is retained in lysosomes by forces and/or structures different in nature from those retaining most of the lysosomal enzyme activity. We think that the CQ trapped in lysosomes is bound to high affinity sites in membranous structures which are particularly altered by agents known to extract peripheral proteins from biological membranes or to change the conformation of molecular structures. PMID- 3161564 TI - T cells in patients with chronic T gamma lymphocytosis: morphology, cytochemistry, ultrastructure and immunological characteristics. AB - We have studied the morphology and cytochemistry in relation to the immunological phenotyping and functional properties of T cells from eight patients with chronic T gamma lymphocytosis. At the light microscopic level the morphology of the patients' lymphocytes was similar to that described for large granular lymphocytes. Ultrastructurally, a division into two groups could be made on differences in the amount of cytoplasm and the location and the more irregular form of the nuclei. The lymphocytes of one group (five patients) had in common the phenotype Fc gamma +, T3 +, T4 -, T8 +, Ia -, M1 - and demonstrated (with the exception of one patient) the same functions: presence of K-cell activity, absence of NK, helper and suppressor cell activities. In the other group (three patients), the lymphocytes of one patient showed the same phenotype and functions as those indicated above. The other two patients both lacked the T8 antigen on their lymphocytes but were different with regard to other surface markers. In addition, their cells were functionally identical: both demonstrated NK- and K cell activity. Thus in this group of eight patients with chronic T gamma lymphocytosis, the immunological and functional subdivision paralleled in part a morphological division at the ultrastructural level. PMID- 3161569 TI - Two mucous cell types revisited after quick-freezing and cryosubstitution. AB - The ultrastructures of mucous cell from mouse colon and quail oviduct were revisited after quick-freezing followed by cryosubstitution and compared with results from standard fixation. After quick-freezing, the mucous cells of both models do not show the classical aspect of the goblet cell. The secretory granules which contain a dense product do not swell and coalesce as observed after standard fixation. The large condensing vacuoles which are formed in the Golgi region can be discriminated from mature granules only after quick-freezing. Cytoplasmic organelles and cytoskeletal elements are observed between the secretory granules. The nucleus is ovoid and contains dispersed chromatin, whereas it has a reduced volume and contains condensed chromatin after standard fixation. It is assumed that during standard fixation, the membrane of mucous granules becomes permeable to water inducing hydration of mucous and swelling of granules. The term "goblet cell" could be descriptive of a fixation artefact. PMID- 3161570 TI - Dome formation in the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2 in culture. Influence of ouabain and permeable supports. AB - We studied formation of domes in cell monolayers of the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2 which has been shown to exhibit signs of enterocytic differentiation and transport properties. After a 24 hr incubation with 4 X 10( 8) M ouabain, the number of domes seen on Caco-2 cell monolayers grown on plastic dishes was not significantly altered. After a 90 min preincubation with ouabain, 86rubidium uptake by Caco-2 cells was inhibited by ouabain, indicating that the cells have an ouabain-sensitive Na+, K+-ATPase, while dome formation was unaffected by ouabain. Domes were observed in Caco-2 cell monolayers grown on Nuclepore filters when the pore size was 0.015 micron but not when it was 0.030 micron. Our results suggest that dome formation in the Caco-2 cell line could be independent of Na+, K+-ATPase activity and might be due to accumulation of molecules having an effective hydrodynamic radius comprised between 0.015 and 0.030 micron. PMID- 3161571 TI - Sialyl glycoprotein distribution on the plasma membrane of ejaculated ram spermatozoa. AB - Localization of sialyl residues on unfixed ejaculated ram sperm membrane using the direct covalent probes of either ferritin hydrazide or latex hydrazide revealed a unique regional distribution on the plasmalemma covering the sperm head only. Three different labelling zones were identified based on the intensity and the nature of the sialyl glycoconjugates: a patchy-like zone which included the plasma membrane overlaying the post-nuclear cap and the convex side of the apical body of the acrosome; highly ordered heavily labelled zones including the plasmalemma adjacent to the concave apical body of the acrosome and to the posterior part of the equatorial acrosomal segment; a paucity-labelling zone which included the plasma membrane underlying the principal acrosomal region and the anterior part of the equatorial acrosomal segment. The possible physiological role of the highly ordered labelled zones is discussed. PMID- 3161572 TI - The ergonomics/human factors approach to health sciences libraries. AB - A review of the literature reveals scant information on the application of ergonomics to health sciences libraries. Ergonomics research has identified and validated many genuine health hazards in business offices and industrial settings. While appearing innocuous, the library environment is affected by these hazards. As sophisticated technology and machinery are introduced into libraries, the human factors must be considered. This paper examines the hazards of the library environment as identified through ergonomics research and makes recommendations for alleviating or eliminating these dangers. PMID- 3161573 TI - Two types of receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine on the cholinergic nerves of the guinea-pig myenteric plexus. AB - The effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on spontaneous and electrically-evoked release of [3H]-acetylcholine (ACh) from guinea-pig myenteric plexus preparations preincubated with [3H]-choline have been investigated in the absence of cholinesterase inhibitors. 5-HT caused a transient increase in spontaneous release and an inhibition of the electrically-evoked release of [3H]-ACh. The 5 HT-induced contractions of the longitudinal muscle were clearly related to the increase in spontaneous release. The inhibitory effect was not due to activation of alpha-adrenoceptors since it was also observed in the presence of tolazoline and on strips from reserpine-pretreated guinea-pigs. After desensitization of the excitatory 5-HT receptors with 5-HT or metoclopramide the effects of 5-HT on spontaneous [3H]-ACh release were largely reduced. A variety of established antagonists at neuronal 5-HT receptors (i.e. metitepine 0.1-1 microM; methysergide 1 microM; ketanserin 0.1-1 microM; MDL 72222 0.1 microM; tropacocaine 1 microM) failed to block the excitation. The inhibition by 5-HT of the electrically evoked [3H]-ACh release was competitively antagonized by metitepine (pA2 7.6) and methysergide (pA2 7.0) but not by ketanserin. Tachyphylaxis to the inhibitory action of 5-HT did not occur. The results suggest that the excitatory 5-HT receptor ('M'-receptor) differs in its pharmacological properties from other neuronal 5-HT receptors. The presynaptically located inhibitory receptor may roughly correspond to the 5-HT1 receptor subtype but probably differs from the 5-HT autoreceptor. PMID- 3161574 TI - Reactivity to bradykinin and potassium of the isolated duodenum from rats with genetic and renal hypertension. AB - The biphasic (relaxation-contraction) response of the isolated duodenum was used to study the reactivity of non-vascular smooth muscles in genetic (SHR) and renal hypertensive rats compared to their respective controls (WKY and Wistar). For the contractile component of the response to bradykinin, the duodenum from WKY rats was more sensitive, whereas the duodenum from SHR was both more sensitive and hyperreactive, compared to that from Wistar rats. The relaxant component of the response to bradykinin was present in the duodenum of both WKY rats and SHR, but was concentration-dependent only in the WKY group. The relaxant response to K+ was very small in SHR, and was not concentration-dependent. The concentration response curves for relaxant responses to adrenaline and for contractile responses to acetylcholine did not differ in the SHR and WKY groups. Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase activity was found to be markedly reduced in the SHR group. No qualitative or quantitative differences were observed between the responses of the duodenum of renal hypertensive rats and those of their normotensive controls. It is proposed that the altered reactivity of the SHR duodenum is due to changes in ion handling by the smooth muscle cell membrane. PMID- 3161575 TI - Relationship of ergometer-specific VO2 max and muscle enzymes to blood lactate during submaximal exercise. AB - This study compared the relationship of maximum oxygen uptake and skeletal muscle enzyme activities to the submaximal exercise intensity eliciting 4 mM blood lactate (OBLA). Twelve subjects performed both cycle (Cy) and treadmill (Tr) submaximal exercise with step-wise increments each fourth minute. Blood lactate concentration and oxygen uptake (VO2) were determined during the final minute of each step. Peak VO2 during exhaustive exercise was also measured on each ergometer. Biopsies were taken from the gastrocnemius (gast) and vastus lateralis (vl) muscles as representatives of muscles recruited during Tr and Cy exercise, respectively. Citrate synthase (CS), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were assayed. Peak VO2 was 10% greater and the VO2 at OBLA was 16% greater during Tr compared to Cy exercise. The percent of peak VO2 at OBLA was 85% and 79% for Tr and Cy exercise, respectively. The absolute enzyme activities were not different in the two muscles, however the ratio LDH/CS was greater in the vl than in the gast. The results indicate that the absolute differences between Cy and Tr exercise in peak VO2 are not commensurate with the differences in the relative exercise intensity at which OBLA occurs. PMID- 3161576 TI - Carbon-fibre versus Marlex mesh in the repair of experimental abdominal wall defects in rats. AB - Large abdominal wall defects were created in Porton-Wistar rats and either left unrepaired (9 rats), or repaired with polypropylene (Marlex) mesh (11 rats), or with an open darn of filamentous carbon (11 rats). A further ten animals had a simple midline skin incision. At 5 months there were gross hernias in the unrepaired animals. Neither repair had resulted in gross recurrence although four of the carbon-repaired animals had bulges through the open weave. Tensiometry of the excised abdominal wall showed no difference in the strength of the two repairs. However, microscopy showed a striking difference-the Marlex had induced a chronic inflammatory response with disorganized collagen, whereas the carbon was not only well-tolerated but acted as a scaffold for well-organized and orientated collagen. PMID- 3161577 TI - Existing chemotherapy and its limitations. PMID- 3161579 TI - Formal and informal support received by carers of elderly dependents. AB - This study describes the activity of informal carers who look after elderly dependents and particularly investigates the role of formal services in supporting these carers in maintaining dependent, elderly people in the community. The results lend no support to the view that families neglect their elderly relatives or that community services displace the role of informal carers, but rather suggest that carers support elderly dependents at great cost to themselves and with inadequate support from community services. PMID- 3161578 TI - Rehabilitation of the disabled adolescent: experience with a local authority assessment centre. AB - School leavers and young adults who are severely physically disabled pose particular problems for habilitation and rehabilitation. A local authority unit, the Fourways Assessment Centre, has been providing a comprehensive service to this group of people for the past 10 years. Rather than operating as an independent self contained unit it has been closely integrated with the local authority social services and educational services. PMID- 3161580 TI - Verbal perseveration of dementia patients. AB - Patterns of perseveration and frequency of carrier phrases were studied in the verbal descriptive discourse of dementia patients controlled for etiology and severity. Dementia patients were found to perseverate significantly more frequently than normals and severity of dementia was more strongly associated than etiology with increased perseveration. Frequency of carrier phrases did not distinguish the descriptive discourse of dementia patients from normals. Discontinuous perseveration was more common than continuous perseveration, and perseveration of ideas after an intervening response was the perseverate most typical of the dementia patient. Findings of the study are related to prominent theories of the cause of perseveration. PMID- 3161581 TI - Motor unit recruitment and firing rates interaction in the control of human muscles. AB - Muscle contractions are modulated by the number of motor units recruited and their respective firing rates. The work described in this report documents an interplay between recruitment and firing rates of motor units. The recruitment of a new motor unit appears to have a disfacilitatory influence on the firing rates of previously activated motor units. It is speculated that this effect is likely to be mediated, at least partially, via the stretch reflex loop and possibly by the recurrent inhibition of the Renshaw circuit. Such a mechanism would be functionally useful in providing smooth control of muscle output via peripheral circuitry (consisting of proprioceptive reflexes and recurrent inhibition), thus lessening the amount of detailed supervision of the alpha-motoneuron pool required by the central nervous system. PMID- 3161582 TI - Lack of summation of dynamic and static components in the responses of cat tendon organs. AB - Discharges of single tendon organs of cat peroneus tertius muscle were recorded during tetanic contractions of motor units. On combined stimulation of several motor units activating the same tendon organ, the static components of responses sum, although not linearly, whereas the dynamic component of a response superimposed on a pre-existing discharge does not sum at all with this discharge. PMID- 3161583 TI - Dopamine D-2 receptors in rat caudate-putamen: the lateral to medial gradient does not correspond to dopaminergic innervation. AB - The topography of dopamine D-2 receptors within the rat caudate-putamen (CPU) was characterized by measuring [3H]spiroperidol binding to membranes from dissected regions of the CPU and to thin sections of rat forebrain using quantitative autoradiography. Specific binding, defined using 1 microM (+)-butaclamol, was considerably higher in the lateral CPU than the medial CPU, without any obvious gradient in the dorsoventral axis. The difference in Bmax between the lateral and medial CPU was similar whether determined by digital subtraction autoradiography of coronal forebrain sections or by [3H]spiroperidol binding to membrane homogenates derived from CPU subregions. No regional differences were observed in the affinity of [3H]spiroperidol for D-2 sites. There were no lateral-to-medial differences in the dopaminergic innervation of the CPU, as determined by the measurement of the levels of dopamine, homovanillic acid and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in subregions of the CPU using high pressure liquid chromatography. Thus, regional variations in the density of D-2 receptors within the CPU do not correspond to the degree of dopaminergic innervation. The functional importance of the organization of this dopamine receptor system is discussed in relation to the lateral-to-medial organization of the CPU. PMID- 3161584 TI - Epileptiform effects of met-enkephalin, beta-endorphin and morphine: kindling of generalized seizures and potentiation of epileptiform effects by handling. AB - Repeated spaced injection of small amounts of beta-endorphin or Met-enkephalin into the hippocampus or posterior amygdala of the rat led to the development of kindled generalized convulsions. Similar injection of morphine into the hippocampus or anterior amygdala resulted in epileptiform spiking followed by tolerance. The epileptiform spiking and convulsive behavior varied in a dose related manner. Naloxone blocked or greatly attenuated the electrographic seizure and convulsive behavior. Prior kindling with beta-endorphin or Met-enkephalin significantly facilitated electrical kindling of the amygdala. Handling or conspecific threat potentiated the epileptiform spiking and convulsive behavior in some cases. The results indicate that the epileptogenic response to intracerebrally applied opioid peptides is site-specific within the rat brain, and they support the idea that endogenous opioid mechanisms may play a role in convulsive seizures. They also suggest a possible opiate-based mechanism for the stress-induced exacerbation of seizures. PMID- 3161585 TI - 'Fusimotor set': new evidence for alpha-independent control of gamma-motoneurones during movement in the awake cat. AB - The discharge activity of single muscle spindle receptors was recorded in freely moving cats. Large changes in responsiveness to length variations was observed in different types of movement. In separate stimulations on anaesthetised cats, the activity of the gamma-fusimotor neurones responsible for these changes was reconstructed. The results suggested that fusimotor action on a given spindle afferent during the movements studied was not rigidly alpha-linked, but 'set' by the CNS to steady levels, and that it could switch from largely static (gamma s) to largely dynamic (gamma d) according to the motor tasks performed. PMID- 3161586 TI - Protection from guanethidine-induced neuronal destruction by nerve growth factor: effect of NGF on immune function. AB - The chronic administration of guanethidine causes an immune-mediated destruction of sympathetic neurons in rats. Destruction can be prevented by various immunosuppressive agents, including gamma-irradiation and cyclophosphamide, as well as by administration with nerve growth factor (NGF). Experiments were conducted to determine whether: (1) NGF prevented accumulation of guanethidine within sympathetic neurons; and (2) NGF caused an inhibition of immune function by either blocking proliferation of immune-competent cells or by blocking effector function even in the presence of antigen and activated immune cells. NGF did not prevent accumulation of guanethidine within sympathetic ganglia in vivo, a necessary prerequisite for neuronal destruction, nor was it inhibitory on immune function using several assay systems. NGF, purified by either conventional methods or additionally by HPLC ("ultrapure'), did not inhibit either proliferation of cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to antigen (class I major histocompatibility antigens) or lysis of target cells bearing the appropriate antigens. In addition, NGF did not exhibit growth stimulating effects in this assay system (i.e. it could not substitute for T cell growth factor). NGF also did not cause an inhibition of either murine or rat allogeneic mixed lymphocyte responses measured by lysis of appropriate target cells or proliferation, respectively. Finally, NGF did not inhibit, but rather appeared to stimulate the antibody response to sheep red blood cells generated in vivo in young rats. Thus NGF does not appear to prevent the immune-mediated neural destruction induced by guanethidine by acting as an immunosuppressive agent, but rather acts by some other mechanism such as preventing expression or recognition of antigen(s) on the sympathetic neuron. PMID- 3161587 TI - The involvement of serotonin neurones in the inhibition of renal nerve activity during desynchronized sleep. AB - Numerous 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-containing cell bodies were visualized by fluorescence microscopy in the caudal brainstem rostral to the decussation of the pyramids in a region from which a desynchronized sleep-like pattern of sympathetic activity was obtained in a previous study. In unanaesthetized mid collicular decerebrated cats recordings were made of sympathetic activity in a renal nerve. The inhibition of renal nerve activity occurring during desynchronized sleep-like state induced by physostigmine was attenuated significantly by procedures which interfered with the pathways from the 5-HT containing neurones. Small cuts in the dorsolateral funiculus of the cervical spinal cord reduced the inhibition from 43 +/- 6% to 14.0 +/- 3%. Microinjection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into cervical spinal cord reduced the serotonin content of the thoracic cord by 22.4% and attenuated the desynchronized sleep like state inhibition of renal nerve activity by a similar amount. Depletion of serotonin with p-chlorophenylalanine significantly reduced the inhibition of renal nerve activity during the desynchronized sleep-like state, from 42.5 +/- 5% to 10.0 +/- 2.0%. It was suggested that serotonin-containing neurones are likely to be involved in the inhibition of renal nerve activity occurring during desynchronized sleep. PMID- 3161588 TI - Sugar, opioids and binge eating. AB - There is evidence that endogenous opiates are involved in the control of feeding in experimental animals. Several types of experimental obesity are associated with increased opiate production and/or increased numbers and sensitivity of opiate receptors. Research with experimental animals suggests that nutrients, particularly sugar, have an effect on feeding behavior that is mediated by opiates. For instance, the obesity-producing effect of a palatable diet in rodents is blocked by opiate antagonists. Stress induced feeding in rodents leads to preferential sucrose ingestion and is blocked by opiate antagonists and beta endorphin. The effect of nutrients on the endogenous opiate system of humans is less clear. Clinical experience suggest that carbohydrates (sugar in particular) play a role in binge eating and obesity. Many binge eaters preferentially eat sweets during a binge. Many obese individuals consume more than half of their total daily calories as carbohydrates. Sweet snacking is a frequent behavior at times of stress. Recent evidence suggests that sugar can lead to increased beta endorphin production in obese subjects. PMID- 3161589 TI - [Effect of physical therapy procedures on vertebral pain]. PMID- 3161590 TI - [An unusual case of familial incidence of keratosis palmaris et plantaris in association with other manifestations]. PMID- 3161591 TI - [Relation between the phlebostatic plane, the carotid sinus plane and height in adults]. AB - A direct positive relation has been established between the height (x) and the distance (y) between the phlebostatic plane and the sino-carotid plane in adults. This distance is equal in women to 0.134x + 8.86 and in men to 0.228x-8.90, expressed in cm. PMID- 3161592 TI - [Kinetics of oxygen consumption during running of supramaximal intensity in differently trained subjects]. AB - The rate of increase of the oxygen consumption (VO2) at the onset of supramaximal exercise has been compared in trained and untrained subjects. The velocity constant of the VO2 increase up to its maximum (VO2 max) is proportional to the energy requirements of the exercise (WO2). For a given (WO2-VO2 max) value, the kinetics of VO2 is roughly the same in both types of subjects. In both cases, VO2 reaches on an average WO2 divided by 2 after 29 seconds whatever the WO2 level. The corresponding velocity constant is 1.4 min-1. PMID- 3161593 TI - [Calculation of record-time in the 800-meter run: predictive value of Margaria's equation]. AB - Margaria's equation (1976)--describing the relationship between the minimum time necessary to cover a distance equal or longer than 1,000 m (record-time TR) and the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max)--has been modified in order to be applied to the calculation of TR in the 800 m foot race. Fifteen subjects participated in this study (VO2 max = 63 +/- 3.5 ml O2 X kg-1 X min-1, measured TR = 131 +/- 10 seconds). It has been found the TR calculated from Margaria's equation (TRc) are underestimated (TRc = 104 +/- 10 seconds). By taking into account the actual energy cost of running (0.19 ml O2 X kg-1 X m-1) and the kinetics of VO2 at the onset of exercise, TRc averaged 133 +/- 8.5 seconds. Moreover, the relationship between TRc and measured TR (TRm) is highly significant (TRc = 50.4 + 0.65 TRm; r = 0.75; P less than 0.01). These results validate Margaria's equation modifications. PMID- 3161594 TI - [Method of efficacious immunization against syngeneic murine sarcoma]. AB - C57BL mice are immunized by subcutaneous injection of the T2 syngeneic tumour (MCA fibrosarcoma), followed a week later by surgical removal of the tumour. Such mice can be made hyper-immune by challenging them with mitomycin C-treated T2 cells and they do not develop a tumour after a subsequent inoculum of live T2 cells. Lymph nodes near the site of tumour inoculation are removed after 2 weeks and histological studies show an increase in the number of macrophages and mast cells but not of Lyt-2+ lymphocytes. PMID- 3161595 TI - [In situ characterization of immunologically competent cells during the growth of a transplanted murine sarcoma]. AB - To characterize the immunocompetent cell populations which infiltrate a transplantable MCA-induced sarcoma and to study their modifications during tumoral growth, we used fluorescent antibodies to the cell membrane antigens Lyt 1, Lyt-2 and Asialo GM1. Early after tumor graft, an accumulation of cells bearing the Asialo-GM1 antigen was observed; this population corresponds mostly to NK cells. Simultaneously, a macrophage infiltration, identified by a cytochemical method, was seen. After this period, an accumulation of cells bearing the Lyt-1 antigen was observed; Lyt-2 positive cells were detected continuously during experimental period. PMID- 3161596 TI - [Hemodynamic and respiratory effects of the perfusion of low-dose endotoxin in intact heparinized dogs]. AB - In the anesthetized dog, a low dose perfusion of endotoxin (50 ng X kg-1 X min-1) produces hemodynamic and metabolic perturbations generally similar to those clinically found in man during the hemodynamic phase of septic shock. These modifications are observed after about 30 minutes following the beginning of the perfusion. They constitute: 1) an arterial vasodilatation responsible for a hypotension without a significant modification of the cardiac output; 2) a drop in the left ventricular filling pressure; 3) a progressive metabolic acidosis; 4) a moderate arterial hypoxia that is independent of an alveolar hypoventilation. To these perturbations is added the contemporary development of a leucopenia associated with a thrombopenia. This mode of endotoxin administration seems to us to constitute a satisfactory experimental model for studying the circulatory injuries due to hyperdynamic septic shock. PMID- 3161597 TI - [Functional study of rat islands of Langerhans cultured in agarose gel]. AB - We have studied the viability of rat's pancreatic islets included in agarose and cultured in RPMI 1640 Medium in basal conditions (glucose: 11 mM) and during periods of stimulation (glucose: 22 mM + theophylline 5 mM). In our experiments, the capacity of the islets to release insulin in response to glucose variation has been conserved during ten days. In view of these encouraging results, we hope to use islets-agarose systems in bio-artificial pancreas. PMID- 3161599 TI - [Immunoperoxidase labelling of blood vessels by 3 lectins: Ulex europaeus I, Lotus tetragonolobus, Dolichos biflorus]. AB - Ulex europaeus agglutinin I, revealed by an immunoperoxidase (PAP) reaction, marks strongly and uniformly, on usual preparations human endothelial cells and makes up one of the best methods to observe vascular network distribution. It defines a general type (UEA I positive, LTA and DBA negative) including most of normal and pathologic endothelial cells. Only three varieties of cells, usually named endothelial ones do not stain: they are liver and marrow sinusoidal cells and lymphatic endothelial cell. PMID- 3161598 TI - [Neuroendocrine tumors. Biochemical and physiopathological aspects]. AB - Neuroendocrine tumors (secreting bioamines, peptides, hormones, prostaglandins...) represent rather homogeneous group since they correspond to a benign or malignant proliferation of cells belonging to the diffuse neuroendocrine system. This system might be considered as an extension of the concept (APUD System) proposed by Pearse to account for the common properties of these largely distributed cells. Among neuroendocrine tumors we focused since some years on apudomas and particularly carcinoid tumors. The determination of their various secretion products in biological fluids allows the early and efficient detection of such tumors exhibiting a very slow growth. Finally the in vitro culture of carcinoid cells appears to be of great interest in various research fields such as oncology, biochemistry and pharmacology. PMID- 3161600 TI - [Synergistic action, on the masculinization of female chick embryo gonads, of a graft of embryonic testis and administration of an anti-estrogenic substance (tamoxifen)]. AB - The capability of an embryonic testis graft to induce a male gonadal sex differentiation in genetically female chick embryos was significantly enhanced by the administration of a antiestrogenic drug (tamoxifen). This observation reinforces the view that the experimentally-induced testis differentiation depends chiefly on a inhibition of estrogen influence. PMID- 3161601 TI - [A model of Parkinson's disease: effect of L-dopa therapy on movement parameters and electromyographic activity in monkeys treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)]. AB - A primate model of Parkinson's disease was obtained by i. v. administration of 1 methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). A behavioural, a mechanographic and an electromyographic (EMG) study were carried out during the execution of a rapid elbow movement, in two normal monkeys and, after the MPTP administration, before and after a L-DOPA therapy. Disturbances in behavior, movement parameters and EMG activity observed in MPTP-treated monkeys mimic those reported in Parkinsonian patients. Treatment with L-DOPA was effective in greatly correcting these disturbances. These results lend weight to the assumption that use of MPTP in primate provides a good model to study Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3161602 TI - Haemophilia and dentistry. PMID- 3161603 TI - A 1985 update on AIDS. PMID- 3161604 TI - Cloning within the unc-43 to unc-31 interval (linkage group IV) of the Caenorhabditis elegans genome using Tc1 linkage selection. AB - The region around the twitcher gene, unc-22, flanked by unc-43 on the left and by unc-31 on the right, has been intensively studied in our laboratory over the period of the last 8 years. In this paper we describe the identification and isolation of probes specific for several restriction fragment length differences (RFLDs) which lie within this region. Many RFLDs in Caenorhabditis elegans are caused by the insertion of a transposable element, Tc1. The method we used involved the isolation of Tc1-containing genomic fragments. These were recovered from a lambda gt 10 library of DNA from a specially constructed genetic strain containing the unc-43 to unc-31 interval from the BO strain and the rest of the genome from N2. Because the BO strain is rich in Tc1 insertion sites and the N2 strain has few, the majority of Tc1-bearing genomic fragments in the constructed strain were derived from the unc-22 region. Of nine such Tc1-bearing genomic fragments isolated, six were found which mapped within the region of interest. The 350 kilobases of genomic sequences isolated as a result of these studies are being used to study the molecular organization of this region. The method described here for Tc1 linkage selection is one that is rapid, general, and may be targeted to any genetically characterized region of the C. elegans genome. PMID- 3161605 TI - Transluminal angioplasty in peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 3161606 TI - Endometriosis: an unusual cause of ureteral obstruction. AB - Endometriosis is a common disorder, affecting women in the child-bearing years. While urologic involvement is rare, the bladder is more often affected than the ureter. The authors describe the case of a 30-year-old woman who had unilateral ureteral obstruction secondary to an isolated periureteral retroperitoneal area of endometriosis. The theories of histogenesis are discussed. Current treatment consists of surgery or hormonal manipulation or a combination of the two. PMID- 3161607 TI - Statement on immunizing agents for the prevention of hepatitis. PMID- 3161608 TI - Acne urticata associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - A 56-year-old woman presented with a 6-month history of acne urticata, an intensely pruritic papulopustular eruption. Skin biopsy was nondiagnostic. Touch preparations of individual lesions were remarkable for numerous eosinophils. Peripheral blood count, bone marrow examination, and Philadelphia chromosome positivity confirmed a diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. A serum histamine level was markedly elevated. Treatment with hydroxyurea and antihistamines led to resolution of the skin eruption and improvement of the pruritus. PMID- 3161609 TI - East Cottage: a study in deinstitutionalization. PMID- 3161610 TI - Glutathione dependence of neocarzinostatin cytotoxicity and mutagenicity in Chinese hamster V-79 cells. AB - Neocarzinostatin (NCS) is mutagenic in bacteria, yeast, fungi, and mammalian cells. In cell-free systems, DNA strand breakage induced by NCS requires a reducing agent like 2-mercaptoethanol, unless very high (greater than 100 micrograms/ml) concentrations of NCS are used. In this study, we have investigated the role of the sulfhydryl compound glutathione (GSH), which is usually the most common intracellular thiol, in the bioactivation of NCS to a toxic and mutagenic species. Chinese hamster V79 cells were pretreated with one of two GSH depleting agents, buthionine sulfoximine or diethyl maleate. These agents deplete GSH via different mechanisms, but both will lower GSH levels within the cell to less than 5% of control (untreated) values. GSH-depleted cells and control cells were then exposed to NCS concentrations of 0.5-2.5 micrograms/ml for 1 h, assayed for survival, and plated for expression of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-negative (HGPRT-) mutants. After an expression period of 7 days, during which the cultures were subcultured twice, HGPRT- mutants were selected by plating in hypoxanthine-free medium containing 5 micrograms of 6-thioguanine per ml, at a density of 2 X 10(5) cells per 100 mm dish. NCS alone decreased the surviving fraction to about 1% at 2.5 micrograms/ml and produced dose-related increases in HGPRT-mutants that reached greater than 10 times the spontaneous mutation frequency at 2.5 micrograms NCS per ml. In GSH depleted cells, however, NCS was only mildly cytotoxic (60-80% surviving fraction) and did not produce dose-related increases in HGPRT- mutants over cells treated only with diethyl maleate or buthionine sulfoximine. Thus, GSH appears to be the main reducing agent for the bioactivation of NCS to a toxic and mutagenic species in Chinese hamster V79 cells. PMID- 3161611 TI - Phospholipid- and Ca2+-dependent protein kinase activity and protein phosphorylation patterns in the differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60. AB - The effects of differentiating agents on the activity and phosphorylation pattern produced by phospholipid- and Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (PL-Ca-PK) were examined in human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), retinoic acid (RA), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] increased the appearance of mature myelocytic (DMSO and RA) or monocytic [1,25(OH)2D3] cells. The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) increased the appearance of adherent macrophage-like cells. Coincident with the appearance of differentiated cells induced by DMSO, RA, and 1,25(OH)2D3 was an increase in PL-Ca-PK activity. In contrast, TPA treatment resulted in the rapid disappearance of PL-Ca-PK and the induction of phospholipid- and Ca2+- (PL-Ca-) independent protein kinase activity. The phosphorylation pattern resulting from endogenous PL Ca-PK in extracts from cells treated with DMSO, RA, or 1,25(OH)2D3 showed a prominent phosphorylated protein of molecular weight 37,000 (pp37) and 38,000 (pp38) which was related to the appearance of the myelocyte/monocyte phenotype. pp37 and pp38 were also present in TPA-treated cells, but their phosphorylation was no longer dependent on the presence of phospholipid and calcium. Cells treated with DMSO and RA also exhibited a PL-Ca-dependent pp21 which was barely evident in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated cells and thus represented a myeloid cell marker. Also present was a prominent PL-Ca-dependent pp19 which remained unchanged following treatment with DMSO, RA, and 1,25(OH)2D3, but which diminished markedly in TPA-treated cells. On the other hand, TPA-treated cells exhibited a characteristic pp130 which was antigenically related to the actin binding protein, vinculin. These results indicate that there are characteristic PL-Ca dependent phosphorylated proteins indicative of mature myelocytic and monocytic cells, as well as PL-Ca-independent phosphorylated proteins characteristic of the macrophage-like phenotype. PMID- 3161612 TI - Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and the control of glycolysis by glucocorticoids and by other agents in rat hepatoma cells. AB - The rate, key enzymes, and several metabolites of glycolysis in rat hepatoma (HTC) cells have been compared to those in rat hepatocytes. At 5 to 10 mM glucose, lactate release was greater in HTC cells. This could be explained in part by the absence of key gluconeogenic enzymes, by the substitution of glucokinase by hexokinase, and by an increase in phosphofructokinase 1 and pyruvate kinase activity. In addition, fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, the most potent stimulator of phosphofructokinase 1, was identified in HTC cells and shown to stimulate phosphofructokinase 1 partially purified from these cells. Dexamethasone increased the release of lactate in HTC cells. This glucocorticoid increased the concentration of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and the Vmax of the enzyme that catalyzes its synthesis, phosphofructokinase 2. The data were consistent with an indirect effect at the gene level, mediated by glucocorticoid receptors. Dexamethasone had no effect on the other rate-limiting glycolytic enzymes. Several agents (adenosine, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5' monophosphate, ethanol, antimycin) known to decrease fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in hepatocytes were without effect on this stimulator in HTC cells. DL Glyceraldehyde inhibited glycolysis in HTC cells and eventually killed them. Although this substance decreased fructose 2,6-bisphosphate inhibition of glycolysis through an action at another level could not be ruled out. PMID- 3161613 TI - Endocrine effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate: relation between plasma levels and suppression of adrenal steroids in patients with breast cancer. AB - The elimination of adrenal steroids by adrenalectomy or medical treatment has been one of the mainstays in the palliative treatment of patients with disseminated breast cancer. Recently, the effects of progestins on adrenal function has become the subject of renewed interest. To find a relation between plasma levels of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and adrenal suppression in breast cancer patients, we compared a group of 41 postmenopausal patients with disseminated or inoperable breast cancer, treated with oral MPA, with a control group of 28 postmenopausal breast cancer patients without treatment. To obtain MPA plasma levels in the lower range, 13 patients initially received 300 mg of MPA daily (Group 1), six of whom were subsequently treated with 600 mg (Group 2). Group 3 comprised 37 patients treated with 900 mg of MPA. All of the parameters studied varied widely. Only in Group 3 patients were the MPA levels higher and the levels of cortisol, androstenedione, DHAS, and estrone lower than those in Group 1 patients. All steroid levels in Group 3 were significantly below control values. Considering all data, a negative but weak correlation was found between MPA levels and cortisol (R = -0.55), androstenedione (R = -0.58), and dehydro-epi androsterone sulfate (R = -0.40), but not for MPA and estrone, indicating better adrenal suppression by higher MPA dosage and plasma levels. However, suppressed cortisol concentrations did not predict sufficient MPA dosage in all patients because low cortisol was not always associated with high MPA levels. A positive relation existed between the levels of androstenedione and estrone, which shows that suppression of these adrenal androgens may result in suppression of plasma estrone. This may be of additional therapeutic benefit in breast cancer patients. PMID- 3161614 TI - Classification of skeletal muscle fibers by comparison of enzyme histochemistry with lectin binding. PMID- 3161615 TI - Changes in enzyme activities recognized in lymphocytes from patients with carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3161617 TI - [Ketanserin in the treatment of ischemic disease of the lower extremities]. PMID- 3161618 TI - [Quantitative segmental analysis of the motion of the left heart ventricle]. PMID- 3161616 TI - Adaptive plasticity in the spinal stretch reflex: an accessible substrate of memory? AB - The study of the substrates of memory in higher vertebrates is one of the major problems of neurobiology. A simple and technically accessible experimental model is needed. Recent studies have demonstrated long-term adaptive plasticity, a form of memory, in the spinal stretch reflex (SSR). The SSR is due largely to a two neuron monosynaptic arc, the simplest, best-defined, and most accessible pathway in the primate central nervous system (CNS). Monkeys can slowly change SSR amplitude without a change in initial muscle length or alpha motoneuron tone, when reward is made contingent on amplitude. Change occurs over weeks and months and persists for long periods. It is relatively specific to the agonist muscle and affects movement. The salient features of SSR adaptive plasticity, combined with clinical and laboratory evidence indicating spinal cord capacity for intrinsic change, suggest that SSR change eventually involves persistent segmental alteration. If this is the case, SSR plasticity should be a powerful model for studying the neuronal and synaptic substrates of memory in a primate. PMID- 3161619 TI - The effect of reserpine on the pars intermedia of the rat pituitary. An electron microscopic, fluorescence-histochemical and immunohistochemical study. AB - Reserpine has a stimulatory effect on the pars intermedia of the rat pituitary, probably mediated by its action on regulatory catecholaminergic nerves. The effect of single intraperitoneal injections of 0.1-20 mg/kg b.w. of reserpine was studied in adult male rats. Reserpine at a dose of 2 mg/kg b.w. induced degranulation, orientation of the secretory granules along the cell membrane and loss of formaldehyde-chloral-induced fluorescence, accompanied by an activation of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. With higher doses progressive degranulation and loss of fluorescence were observed. The effect was, however, heterogeneous, and with all doses cells displaying normal ultrastructure and normal fluorescence were regularly present. To study the release of granular products (containing a different components of the pro-opiomelanocortin chain) from individual cells, formaldehyde-chloral induced fluorescence and alpha-MSH- and beta-endorphin immunoreactivies were demonstrated in consecutive sections from pituitaries of rats given 8 mg/kg body weight of reserpine 24 h before sacrifice. The results indicate coordinated release of these granular products at the cellular level after reserpine treatment. PMID- 3161620 TI - Fibronectin and its relation to the basal lamina and to the cell surface in the chicken blastoderm. AB - The ultrastructural distribution of fibronectin immunoreactivity was investigated in the chicken embryo during late gastrulation. Sites of binding of anti fibronectin antibodies were ascribed to the basal lamina and associated structures, and to the cell surface. The fibronectin-rich basal lamina was resolved into a lamina densa, which appears as a continuous, dense sheet, a lamina lucida, consisting of anchoring cords between lamina densa and epithelial cells, and a lamina intima, closely juxtaposed to the cell surface. Cell-surface labelling was also observed in mesoblast cells, and along the dorsal side of the deep-layer cells. The ventral side of the latter cells was poorly stained in the endophyllic crescent, except in coated pits, and more regularly stained at the level of definitive endoblast. Some structures associated with the basal lamina reacted intensely with anti-fibronectin antibodies. These are the interstitial bodies, which are aggregates of extracellular material, and a kind of fibril or tubule, embedded in a fibronectin matrix and mainly found in the endophyllic crescent. Some intracellular labelling was found in most deep-layer cells, in few epiblast cells, never in mesoblast cells. These results extend previous studies on the localization of fibronectin, and correlate its presence and surface topology with its postulated role in migration of mesoblast cells on the basal lamina which, chemically, constitutes an appropriate substrate. PMID- 3161621 TI - Lambda repressor mutations that increase the affinity and specificity of operator binding. AB - Intragenic, second-site reversion has been used to identify amino acid substitutions that increase the affinity and specificity of the binding of lambda repressor to its operator sites. Purified repressors bearing the second-site substitutions bind operator DNA from 3 to 600 fold more strongly than wild type; these affinity changes result from both increased rates of operator association and decreased rates of operator dissociation. Three of the revertant substitutions occur in the alpha 2 and alpha 3 DNA binding helices of repressor and seem to increase affinity by introducing new salt-bridges or hydrogen bonds with the sugar-phosphate backbone of the operator site. The fourth substitution alters the alpha 5 dimerization helix of repressor and appears to increase operator affinity indirectly. PMID- 3161623 TI - Regulation of IgM expression by adjuvant activated splenic suppressor T cells. AB - Adjuvant-activated Lyt-2 positive suppressor T cells (Ts) are able to inhibit the expression of IgM plaque-forming cells (PFC) during a primary in vitro response to sheep red blood cells. Under the same experimental conditions these suppressor T cells do not affect a secondary IgM PFC response against SRBC. Activated Ts cells were also found to suppress the spontaneous IgM secretion of cultured B cells as well as the IgM production of B cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide or by supernatant from a T-helper-cell clone. PMID- 3161624 TI - Cells and mediators which participate in immunoglobulin synthesis by human mononuclear cells. I. The obligatory requirement of null lymphocytes in the synthesis of immunoglobulins in vitro. AB - The circulating mononuclear cells of normal adult human volunteers were fractionated into T and non-T lymphocytes. The T cells were then fractionated into TM and non-TM cells and the non-T cells were further fractionated, by both positive and negative isolation, into B cells and null cells. Culture of non-T cells, TM cells, and PWM for 7 to 8 days resulted in cytoplasmic Ig (cIg) synthesis by all B cells, as detected by immunofluorescence. However, culture of either purified B or null cells with TM cells and PWM resulted in a marked reduction (75%) of cIg-synthesizing cells. The addition of monocytes did not enhance cIg synthesis. Culture of reconstituted B and null cells with TM cells and PWM restored the capacity to synthesize cIg to the cells. It is concluded that null cells are required, as well as TM cells and PWM, for cIg synthesis by B cells. PMID- 3161622 TI - Definition of the T-lymphocyte inducer of suppression in primates using a monoclonal antibody. AB - Since some of the conserved antigens between man and phylogenetically lower primate species may be more immunodominant on lymphocytes of the lower primate species, we reasoned that immunization of mice with lymphocytes from lower primates might prove a useful strategy for developing monoclonal antibodies which recognize functionally important structures on both human and nonhuman primate lymphocytes. In employing this approach for the development of monoclonal antibodies, we have developed the antibody anti-2H4 which recognizes a structure on both T on non-T mononuclear cells of a wide array of primate species. 2H4+ rhesus monkey T lymphocytes exhibited a greater proliferative response to lectin and alloantigenic stimulation than 2H4- cells, suggesting that anti-2H4 might separate primate T lymphocytes into functionally distinct cell populations. In fact, helper activity for antibody production by rhesus monkey B lymphocytes in response to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) resided in the 2H4- T-cell population. Furthermore, the 2H4+ T-lymphocyte population activated the suppressor function of T8+ rhesus monkey cells. The fact that the surface antigen which defines this T-cell subset is widely conserved in nonhuman primates suggests that anti-2H4 recognizes a functionally important structure. PMID- 3161625 TI - Chemoattractant lymphokines specific for the helper/inducer T-lymphocyte subset. AB - The cellular content of T-lymphocyte-rich inflammatory sites is dependent in part on the in situ elaboration of chemoattractant factors. We have previously described three T-lymphocyte-specific chemoattractant lymphokines; a chemokinetic factor, lymphocyte chemoattractant factor (LCF, MW 56,000), and two distinct lymphocyte migration inhibitory factors (LyMIF75K, MW 75,000; and LyMIF35K, MW 35,000). These factors are produced by human T cells in response to antigen, concanavalin A, or histamine stimulation. In this communication, we report that LCF and LyMIF35K are produced by OKT8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) and OKT4+ (helper/inducer) lymphocytes, respectively, and are selectively chemoattractant for the OKT4+ lymphocyte subset. LyMIF75K is produced by OKT4+ cells and inhibits both OKT4+ and OKT8+ lymphocyte migration. Production of LCF and LyMIF35K by infiltrating lymphocyte subsets may be one mechanism whereby unactivated helper/inducer T lymphocytes are selectively recruited to sites of inflammation. PMID- 3161626 TI - Ia-positive macrophages bind and internalize viable lymphocytes in murine thymus. AB - Macrophages have been shown to be present in thymus throughout its development. In the present study monoclonal and polyclonal antimacrophage reagents were used to identify, quantitate, and determine the distribution of thymic macrophages. Those studies demonstrated that significant numbers of macrophages were evenly distributed throughout the cortex and medulla, and that macrophages account for most, if not all, Ia positivity in murine thymus. Suspensions of thymic cells prepared by enzyme digestion contained 2-4% macrophage antigen-positive cells, over 95% of which were I-Ak positive in double-labeling studies. Removal of lymphocytes and macrophages left only epithelial cells and those failed to label for Ia. Subsequent to mild enzymatic digestion, up to 80% of the thymic macrophages were in the form of lymphocyte/macrophage rosettes. Morphologic evaluation of the thymocyte rosettes revealed that some of the macrophages contained internalized lymphocytes. The proportion of macrophages with internalized lymphocytes generally was less than 10%, but during the first 4 weeks of life values often approached 30%. Nurse cells, which were shown through double labeling to express both Ia and macrophage-associated antigen, were included in the population of rosetted cells which had internalized lymphocytes. The results demonstrated that there is a high level of interaction between lymphocytes and Ia-positive macrophages in the thymus which is greatest during the immediate postnatal period. PMID- 3161627 TI - Differential effects of monoclonal antibodies anti-L3T4 and anti-LFA1 on the antigen-induced proliferation of T-helper-cell clones: correlation between their susceptibility to inhibition and their affinity for antigen. AB - Recognition by specific T helper (TH) cells of antigen presented by antigen presenting cells (APC) involves, in addition to the antigen-specific receptor, non-antigen-specific molecules such as L3T4 and LFA1. In the present study, we analyzed the relationship between the avidity for antigen presented by APC of three TH cell lines and the participation of L3T4 and LFA1 cell surface antigens. We found a correlation between the avidity of TH cells for the complex GAT/Ia on APC measured by two independent assays and the participation of the cell-adhesion molecules L3T4 as measured by the ability of corresponding monoclonal antibody (MAb) to block the antigen-induced proliferation of TH cells. In contrast to the situation found with cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) clones, we also found a differential inhibiting effect of anti-LFA1 MAb on the GAT-specific proliferation of the three TH clones. The results indicate a direct correlation between the inhibitory effects of anti-LFA1 and anti-L3T4 MAb and the affinity of TH cells for the complex formed by antigen and Ia. PMID- 3161628 TI - Fish lymphokines: the production of growth factors in supernatants of mitogen stimulated pronephros cells of carp (Cyprinus carpio). PMID- 3161629 TI - Growth-coupled changes in glucosaminoglycans (heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid) in normal and transformed human fibroblasts. AB - Changes in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were investigated in relation to cell density, growth and transformation of human fibroblasts. Relative amounts (percentages of the total GAGs) of heparan sulfate (HS) increased and those of hyaluronic acid (HA) decreased in growth-reduced (serum-starved, exogenous HS treated and dense) cultures of normal (WI-38) cells. In contrast, transformed (WI 38 CT-1) cells exerted such GAG changes only in serum-starved cultures, but not in HS-treated or dense cultures. These results indicate that the changes in glucosaminoglycans (G1cAGs) (HS and HA) is coupled exclusively with cell growth. PMID- 3161630 TI - [New findings in the classification of Staphylococci]. PMID- 3161631 TI - [Prevalence of nosocomial infections in a type II hospital]. PMID- 3161632 TI - [Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin in sheep cheese]. PMID- 3161634 TI - [Present status and trends in the performance of sensitivity tests and in the interpretation of their results]. PMID- 3161633 TI - [Prevention of defects caused by rubella virus]. PMID- 3161636 TI - [Economic effect of vaccination against measles in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 3161635 TI - [Experience with the use of radial hemolysis in the determination of immunity to rubella]. PMID- 3161637 TI - [A new method for studying phagocytosis in peripheral blood leukocytes]. PMID- 3161638 TI - [The incidence of ticks in large cities and their epidemiologic significance]. PMID- 3161639 TI - [Diagnosis, epidemiology and prevention of arbovirus infections in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 3161640 TI - [Comprehensive diagnostic laparoscopy--a rational examination of infertile married couples]. PMID- 3161641 TI - Inhibition of conjugal transfer by new quinolinic compounds. AB - We found that nalidixic acid is a good inhibitor of conjugal transfer of R plasmids and that related compounds show the same properties. We investigated recently synthetized quinolinic molecules. The inhibition was not due to bacterial activity of the compounds against donors, recipients or R transconjugants; in fact, the drug concentrations were twice or four times lower than the M.I.C. values. The new molecules showed a marked inhibitory effect in various R-mating experiments. PMID- 3161642 TI - Effects of tamoxifen, estradiol benzoate and medroxyprogesterone acetate on the growth of DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma. AB - The potential synergism of sequential combinations of tamoxifen (TMX) or estradiol benzoate (E2B) with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in inhibiting the growth of 7.12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene(DMBA) - induced rat mammary tumors has been investigated. In addition, the effect of TMX and E2B on estrogen and progesterone receptors' (ERs and PgRs) synthesis has been evaluated in the attempt to elucidate possible mechanisms involved. Previous treatment both with TMX and E2B has been shown to strongly enhance the antitumor activity of MPA. A priming on PgR synthesis has been observed only after E2B administration, TMX producing a sharp decrease in PgR levels. It is concluded that, while the priming action exerted by E2B on PgRs might explain the potentiating effect shown by E2B on MPA activity, the synergism observed between TMX and MPA should be explained on an extrareceptorial basis, an induction on PgR synthesis by TMX not being evident at the dosage and priming time employed in this study. PMID- 3161643 TI - Influence of LH-RH agonists on the growth and hormonal environment of breast and prostate cancer. AB - Patients with advanced breast cancer or advanced prostate cancer have been treated with an LH-RH-agonist ICI 118630. A chemical castration-like response has been achieved in all patients and is associated with clinical remission of the disease. PMID- 3161644 TI - MPA plasma levels after oral administration in gastrectomized cancer patients during chemotherapy. AB - Five patients (3 females; 2 males) who underwent gastrectomy for carcinoma were administered adjuvant chemotherapy and high dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (HD MPA) as supportive therapy. MPA administered p.o. was regularly absorbed; the drug was well tolerated and was almost lacking in toxicity. MPA, thanks to its myeloprotective activity and its anabolic effects, can be used as supportive therapy in the treatment of a wide range of malignancies. PMID- 3161645 TI - [Plasma thromboxane B2 changes in severe icteric hepatitis treated by traditional Chinese medicine--dispelling the pathogenic heat from blood, promoting blood circulation and administrating large doses of radix Paeoniae--a report of 6 cases]. PMID- 3161646 TI - [Chronic hepatitis with positive circulating immune complexes treated by traditional Chinese medicine: analysis of 115 cases]. PMID- 3161647 TI - [Typing of bile duct infection based on traditional Chinese medicine and the observations on the mucous membrane of the bile duct using scanning electron microscope]. PMID- 3161648 TI - [Video-cholangiographic study of the effect of the Chinese medicinal herb prescription--Li dan pai shi decoction--on biliary dynamics]. PMID- 3161649 TI - [Postoperative residual stones in bile ducts treated by traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine: analysis of 89 cases]. PMID- 3161650 TI - [Clinicopathological study of 62 elderly patients]. PMID- 3161651 TI - [Treatment of chronic virus hepatitis with Chinese medicinal herbs--man gan ning]. PMID- 3161652 TI - [40 cases of gan xu pi yu type chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 3161653 TI - [Active principle in a capillaris compound in the treatment of experimental acute jaundice in rats]. PMID- 3161654 TI - [Experimental study on the enhancement of the immunosuppressive effect of cortisone by wurenchun, an extract of Schizandra chinensis Baill]. PMID- 3161655 TI - [Preliminary experimental study of radix Notoginseng in an injectable form on its disicterogenic and cholagogue action]. PMID- 3161656 TI - [Rhubarb in the treatment of viral hepatitis and its mechanism of action]. PMID- 3161657 TI - The nature of interactions between nursing staff and profoundly multiply handicapped children. AB - The rate and content of naturally-occurring interaction patterns between nursing staff and profoundly multiply handicapped children were observed within a long stay ward in a large mental handicap hospital. Child behaviours were recorded as appropriate, inappropriate or neutral and responses to the target child's behaviour were coded as positive attention, negative attention and no attention. It was found that for more than half of the time (54%) that the children were observed, they were doing nothing. Staff interacted with them for 16.2% of the total observation period. Most of the attention given by staff was positive, regardless of the appropriateness of the child's behaviour. A social learning framework suggests that given the low rate of interaction, potential therapeutic opportunities are being missed and the style of those interactions which occur may be anti-therapeutic. The implications of these findings for nurse training and hospital management are discussed. PMID- 3161658 TI - Heterogeneity of myosin isozyme content of rabbit heart. AB - A detailed study was carried out to measure the relative contents of V1 and V3 myosin isozymes in different regions of rabbit ventricle as a function of age, to assess animal-to-animal variability, and to compare different experimental approaches aimed at minimizing the effects of such variability. In addition, comparisons were made in normal developing hearts between ventricular isozyme composition and myofibrillar myosin calcium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase. V1 isozyme predominated relative to V3 isozyme in the hearts of 2-week-old rabbits, decreasing to become a minor component in 10-week-old animals. Despite this trend, there was considerable variability in relative isozyme content of whole ventricular tissue among different rabbits of the same age. This variability was reduced in comparisons of littermates and by use of cardiac biopsies to measure changes in isozyme content in the same animal over time. Within different regions of a given heart, there also were small but significant differences in the percent V1 isozyme. The percent V1 was greatest for right ventricular papillary, followed by right ventricular free wall and then the left ventricle (free wall plus septum). There also were differences in the percent V1 within those regions, as exemplified by the significantly higher values for ventricular epicardium vs. endocardium. There was a linear correlation between the myofibrillar myosin calcium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase and percent V1 of total isozyme for both right and left ventricles in normal and developing hearts. The regression lines for calcium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase vs. percent V1 had a steeper slope in the left than in the right ventricle. PMID- 3161659 TI - Atrial natriuretic factor inhibits the hypertension induced by chronic infusion of norepinephrine in conscious rats. AB - To assess the physiological role of atrial natriuretic factors in the regulation of blood pressure and sodium-water excretion, we studied the chronic effects of continuous infusion of a synthetic atrial natriuretic factor of 25 amino acids for up to 3 days on systolic blood pressure, urine volume, and urinary excretion of sodium, prostaglandin E2 and kallikrein in conscious rats, and also evaluated the antihypertensive effect of this substance in rats with hypertension caused by chronic infusion of norepinephrine. Continuous infusion of atrial natriuretic factor (150 micrograms/kg per day) into the jugular vein via osmotic minipumps did not induce any changes in systolic blood pressure, urine volume, and urinary excretion of sodium, prostaglandin E2, and kallikrein for up to 3 days, compared with those in vehicle-infused rats. When the same dose of atrial natriuretic factor was administered simultaneously with 1.8 mg/kg per day of norepinephrine infused intraperitoneally by osmotic minipumps, the systolic blood pressure of conscious rats rose on day 1 to only 127.3 +/- 6.3 mm Hg compared with the rise to 146.3 +/- 1.6 mm Hg when norepinephrine alone was infused (P less than 0.05). The antihypertensive effect of atrial natriuretic factor was sustained for 3 days in rats infused with norepinephrine. The administration of atrial natriuretic factor to rats made hypertensive by 3 days of infusion with norepinephrine alone returned the blood pressure to control levels, and the antihypertensive effect was sustained throughout the experimental period lasting for 3 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3161660 TI - Factors contributing to perforations resulting from laser coronary angioplasty: observations in an intact human postmortem preparation of intraoperative laser coronary angioplasty. AB - This investigation was designed to assess the potential use of laser coronary angioplasty as an intraoperative adjunct in the surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease. Among 17 postmortem hearts, simulated laser coronary angioplasty was performed at 53 sites with a No. 4F guiding catheter and 240 micron (200 micron core) quartz optical fiber. Perforation complicated laser coronary angioplasty in 33 (62%) of the 53 attempts. Most (n = 29) perforations were thermal; four were purely mechanical. Perforation sites were characterized by extensive calcific deposits (21 of 33 cases [64%] ) and the origin of a side branch (13 of 33 [39%] ). Excessive tortuosity of the extramural coronary artery contributed to arterial perforation in four cases, and precluded attempts to perform laser coronary angioplasty in two other cases. In 19 of the 53 attempts to perform laser coronary angioplasty, a high-frequency two-dimensional echocardiographic probe was used to image the coronary artery during antegrade manipulation of the optical fiber/guiding catheter and laser irradiation of the target arterial stenosis. Although perforation nevertheless occurred in 11 (58%) of 19 sites, only one mechanical perforation resulted; the remaining 10 were thermal. Characteristics of the perforation sites in this group were similar to those noted for the group as a whole. Experience with this model of laser coronary angioplasty indicates that even when access problems associated with percutaneous laser coronary angioplasty are obviated by a simulated intraoperative approach, perforation of the underlying coronary arterial wall continues to represent the "rate-limiting" complication of laser coronary angioplasty. Most perforations occurred in relation to calcific deposits, branch points, and tortuous coronary segments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3161661 TI - Long-term follow-up of patients with synthetic right heart conduits. AB - Between 1971 and 1983, 201 patients received synthetic right heart conduits, predominantly porcine-valved Dacron conduits, at The Children's Hospital, Boston. There were 45 hospital deaths (22%). Follow-up has been achieved in 148 of 156 survivors (95%). Thirty-four conduits have been replaced, all because of conduit obstruction. The actuarial freedom from conduit replacement was 81% at 5 years, 61% at 7 years, and 0% at 10 years for valved conduits. There was no significant difference to 5 years in reoperation rate between patients with Carpentier Edwards and those with Hancock conduits. Patients older than 18 years at the time of conduit insertion were 92% free of conduit replacement at 5 years. Those with nonvalved conduits were 100% reoperation free at 4 years. The actuarial survival of patients with valved conduits was 91% at 5 years and 83% at 10 years. The poor performance of porcine-valved tightly woven Dacron conduits warrants a change to use of an alternative conduit, particularly in smaller children. Possible alternatives include antibiotic-sterilized homografts and valved or nonvalved high-porosity knitted Dacron conduits appropriately pretreated with collagen impregnation or fibrin glue. PMID- 3161662 TI - Comparative long-term effects of coronary artery bypass graft surgery and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty on regional coronary flow reserve. AB - To evaluate the relative long-term improvement in coronary artery hemodynamics after revascularization by coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), regional coronary flow reserve (CFR) was measured, by digital computer analysis of 35 mm cine film, in 50 men undergoing cardiac catheterization. CFR (mean +/- SEM) in 12 atherosclerotic arteries before revascularization was 1.02 +/- 0.05. Mean CFR in 29 normal arteries of men with normal coronary arteriograms was significantly higher (2.59 +/- 0.11) than that in 16 atherosclerotic arteries of patients revascularized by CABG (2.02 +/- 0.17, p less than .01) or in 14 atherosclerotic arteries of those revascularized by PTCA (1.97 +/- 0.12, p less than .01). No difference in CFR between the CABG and PTCA groups was found and variables known to influence CFR were similar between groups. Equivalent and significant long term improvement in coronary artery hemodynamics is provided by CABG or PTCA. We postulate that the difference in CFR in the men with normal arteries and those who underwent revascularization was related to the effects of the general atherosclerotic process, which remain despite successful treatment by these techniques. PMID- 3161663 TI - Effects of synthetic atrial natriuretic peptide on renal function and renin release in acute experimental heart failure. AB - Studies were performed in anesthetized control dogs (n = 6) and in dogs (n = 6) with acute low-output heart failure produced by inflation of a balloon in the thoracic inferior vena cava. Studies were designed to determine the effects of synthetic atrial natriuretic peptide on renal function and renin release in this acute high-renin, sodium-retaining preparation. Intrarenal infusion of synthetic atrial natriuretic peptide (0.3 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) resulted in decreases in arterial pressure and renal blood flow in both groups. Glomerular filtration rate increased in both low-output (delta + 10.7 +/- 3.1 ml/min) and control (delta + 8.7 +/- 2.9 ml/min) groups. Fractional lithium excretion, a marker of proximal tubule reabsorption, also increased in both low-output (delta + 12.0 +/- 4.6%) and control (delta + 14.3 +/- 5.0%) groups. Renin secretory rate decreased in the low-output group from 852.8 +/- 183.0 to 149.5 +/- 73.7 ng/min and in the control group from 308.5 +/- 84.5 to 44.5 +/- 27.5 ng/ml. Intrarenal infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide resulted in an attenuated increase in both urinary sodium excretion (delta + 42.3 +/- 10.7 vs delta + 201.2 +/- 37.9 mueq/min) and fractional excretion of sodium (delta + 0.48 +/- 0.13% vs delta + 2.85 +/- 0.45%) in the low-output as compared with the control group. Our studies demonstrate that administration of synthetic atrial natriuretic peptide results in an increase in glomerular filtration rate and a decrease in proximal tubule reabsorption, as estimated by lithium excretion, in both control dogs and those with acute low-output heart failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3161664 TI - Selective 5-HT2 receptor blockade in exercise-induced asthma. AB - Seven young extrinsic asthmatics participated in an open, pilot study to determine the protective effect of a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) blocking agent, ketanserin, on exercise induced asthma. Ketanserin in a dose of 10 mg given intravenously 20 min before exercise altered the basal bronchomotor tone in only 1 of 6 subjects and offered partial protection against exercise induced bronchoconstriction in 1 of 5 asthmatics with no overall effect in the group. All patients experienced sleepiness after administration of ketanserin and one had bradycardia with hypotension. The ineffectiveness of ketanserin suggests indirectly that serotonin has a limited role in the pathogenesis of exercise induced asthma. PMID- 3161665 TI - Fulminating vasculitis in a homozygous C2-deficient patient. PMID- 3161666 TI - Cyclosporine and organ transplantation. PMID- 3161667 TI - Debranching enzyme in fibroblasts, amniotic fluid cells and chorionic villi: pre- and postnatal diagnosis of glycogenosis type III. AB - Glycogenosis type III is characterized by a deficiency of debranching enzyme in most tissues, and it can be detected by the inability to liberate glucose from limit dextrin. However, using this assay, the deficiency is not expressed in cultured fibroblasts from patients with glycogenosis type III. We have demonstrated that the failure to detect debranching enzyme deficiency in fibroblasts is entirely due to interference of acid alpha-glucosidase, which can also hydrolyse limit dextrin. A method is described to remove specifically acid alpha-glucosidase allowing clear discrimination between fibroblasts from patients and controls, whereas heterozygotes showed intermediate values. The results with amniotic fluid cells and chorionic villi suggest the feasibility of first- and second-trimester prenatal diagnosis of glycogenosis III. PMID- 3161668 TI - The degradation of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine by pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase in normal and cancer tissues. AB - We describe an assay procedure for the quantification of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase, the enzyme thought to degrade the pro-drug 5'-deoxy-5 fluorouridine to 5-fluorouracil. The method is based on the known differences in the ultraviolet absorption spectra in alkaline medium between pyrimidines and their nucleosides. Analogous to the cleavage of uridine by uridine phosphorylase, the enzymatic degradation of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine in the presence of inorganic phosphate yields 5-fluorouracil and ribose-1-phosphate. We have shown that the rate of phosphorolysis of this pyrimidine nucleoside could be readily measured by spectrophotometry. The method described is simple, specific for the 'pro-drug' as well as reproducible. We have also applied this method to define tissue enzyme activities in extracts of human tumours, normal tissues of the same organ and tissues of mice. PMID- 3161669 TI - The effect of ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) on the air conditioning capacity of the nose. AB - The air conditioning capacity of the nose was assessed by a method which permits measurements in both nasal cavities without blockage of the passage between the nasopharynx and oropharynx. By this method the degree of warming of the air and its humidification during the passage through the nasal cavity can be calculated. The effect of intranasal application of ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) on the air conditioning capacity of the nasal mucosa was evaluated in a group of normal subjects and a group of patients with vasomotor rhinitis. In this short term trial Atrovent was found not to have any effect on this capacity. PMID- 3161670 TI - Restoration of toe function with minimal traumatic procedures including advanced diaphysectomy. AB - Minimal traumatic surgery is considered the preferred treatment for painful digital deformities including hammertoes, overlapping toes, mallet toes, underlapping toes, and painful corns. With the introduction of technology such as intraoperative x-ray monitoring, these procedures can be performed more efficiently, safely, and without unnecessary hospitalization in most cases. Mobility is kept to a minimum, yet the patients can be comfortably mobile while they are recovering. PMID- 3161671 TI - Tenotomy, tenectomy, and capsulotomy for the lesser toes. AB - Indications and contraindications for tenotomy, tenectomy, and capsulotomy have been cited and surgical procedures outlined. The importance of possible supplemental surgery and biomechanical follow-up have also been stressed. PMID- 3161672 TI - Role of cardiac and vascular amplifiers in the maintenance of hypertension and the effect of reversal of cardiovascular hypertrophy. AB - Changes in amplifying capacities of the hypertrophied heart and resistance vessels account for the characteristic evolution of haemodynamic patterns in the course of essential hypertension. Reversal of hypertrophy in established essential hypertension requires prolonged control of blood pressure. Redevelopment of hypertension on stopping drug therapy is slowest if there has been reversal of both vascular and cardiac hypertrophy. It may be possible to subsequently maintain normal blood pressure in a proportion of patients by non pharmacological means following the initial period of drug therapy. Preliminary findings suggest that in a majority of patients the sympathetic nervous system may be overactive, whilst a smaller subset may have dysfunction of volume regulation. PMID- 3161673 TI - Effects of drug therapy on hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy. AB - To determine the rate and extent of reversal of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, eight patients with moderate to severe essential hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 116 mmHg, s.d. = 8) underwent serial echocardiography during 12 months of closely supervised antihypertensive therapy with multiple drugs. LV cavity size and average wall thickness were measured by sector-directed M-mode echocardiography. LV mass was estimated from a formula which had previously been validated. All subjects had increased LV mass (greater than 125 g/m2). From 6-12 months, 84% of standing diastolic blood pressures, measured monthly, were 90 mmHg or less. During therapy LV mass decreased from 206 g/m2 (s.d. = 98) initially to 168 g/m2 (s.d. = 82) after 6 months (P less than 0.001) with no further significant change by 12 months. In four patients with less severe hypertrophy, LV mass was within the normal range after 6 months of therapy. In four patients with more severe hypertrophy, LV mass remained significantly elevated at 6 and 12 months. Severe hypertensive LV hypertrophy may be only partially reversible, despite good blood pressure control. PMID- 3161674 TI - Ontogenesis of the glomerular C3b receptor (CR1) in fetal human kidney. AB - Ontogenesis of the glomerular C3b receptor (CR1) was studied in kidneys from 16 fetuses aged from 9 to 32 weeks, using immunohistochemical techniques and the F(ab')2 fragment of a monospecific rabbit antibody to CR1, and adherence of C3b coated sheep erythrocytes. By indirect immunofluoresence, anti-CR1 stained presumptive glomerular epithelium from the end of the S-body stage of nephron differentiation. Staining increased with visceral epithelial cell proliferation and with differentiation of the nephron from the subcortical to the juxtamedullary part of the fetal kidney. Using electron microscopy and an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, CR1 antigen was detected on the plasma membrane in the basolateral part of primitive podocytes from the late S-body stage, following the acquisition by podocytes of the capacity to synthetize a basal lamina. Endothelial cells and mesangial cells did not stain for CR1 antigen. CR1 antigen was expressed by podocytes from the same stage of glomerular differentiation as was the CALLA antigen. Glomerular expression of CR1 on podocytes preceded that of Ia on glomerular endothelial cells. C3b-bearing sheep erythrocytes only adhered to clover-like lobulated glomeruli at a late stage of glomerular differentiation. Glomerular CR1, a specific marker of glomerular capillary epithelial cells is one of the earliest markers expressed by resident glomerular cells during renal ontogenesis. PMID- 3161675 TI - Human C3a-mediated suppression of the immune response. II. Suppression of human in vitro polyclonal antibody responses occurs through the generation of nonspecific OKT8+ suppressor T cells. AB - C3a-mediated suppression of Ig secretion in human PBL cultures occurs through the activation of suppressor T cells. Incubation of T cell-enriched populations derived from peripheral blood or tonsil results in the activation of nonspecific OKT3+8+ suppressor T cells capable of inhibiting Fc fragment-induced Ig secretion in fresh autologous PBL cultures. Generation of OKT8+ suppressor T cells by C3a requires the interaction of T cells, adherent cells, and C3a. Activation of the suppressor-T-cell pathway is initiated early in culture. Incubation of the T-cell enriched populations with C3a for 0.5 hr results in functional, transferable suppressor cells. Maximum suppression was achieved when C3a was allowed to interact with the cell population for 1-2 hr. PMID- 3161676 TI - Deoxycytidine therapy in two patients with adenosine deaminase deficiency and severe immunodeficiency disease. AB - Two children with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency and combined immunodeficiency disease were given parenteral deoxycytidine in order to reverse the severe T-cell immunodeficiency associated with this disease. One patient received a total of three courses of parenteral deoxycytidine. On two occasions deoxycytidine (50 mg/kg/day) was infused intravenously continuously for 2 weeks. During one of the infusions she received the deoxycytidine deaminase inhibitor tetrahydrouridine (THU). Steady-state levels of plasma deoxycytidine increased 4 fold with THU. RBC dCTP/dATP increased more than 10-fold after 48 hr of deoxycytidine infusion. Immunologic studies following the intravenous infusion of deoxycytidine showed transient improvement in T-cell immunity. The third course of deoxycytidine (50 mg/kg/day) was administered subcutaneously during a 10-hr night-time infusion. After 6 and 12 weeks of nightly subcutaneous infusions, there was minimal improvement in the in vitro immunologic studies and no clinical improvement. The second patient received a single 2-week course of continuous intravenous deoxycytidine (50 mg/kg/day) following which there was no significant change in T-cell immunity. This study defines some of the pharmacologic parameters of human deoxycytidine metabolism and suggests that some patients with ADA deficiency may respond to deoxycytidine therapy with improvement in T-cell mediated immunity, although the changes are small and the effect on clinical status appears to be limited. PMID- 3161677 TI - [Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and hydrocephalus in a patient with Huntington's chorea, accompanied by nemaline rods in biopsied muscle]. PMID- 3161678 TI - Serendipity and bone scintigraphy. PMID- 3161679 TI - Extensive soft tissue uptake of technetium-99m MDP in a patient with breast cancer. PMID- 3161680 TI - Functional asplenia and uptake of bone imaging agent in angiosarcoma of spleen. PMID- 3161681 TI - Simultaneous demonstration of photopenic ("cold") and osteoblastic ("hot") skull metastases in a patient with neuroblastoma. PMID- 3161682 TI - Photodynamic therapy. AB - Photodynamic therapy for treatment of malignant tumors uses certain porphyrins as relatively tumor-selective photosensitizers. A wide variety of tumors take up and retain these materials, which can result in complete eradication of the local tumor provided that light of the proper wavelength and sufficient dose is used. This therapy appears to be particularly applicable to treatment of early-stage lung and bladder cancer and can be palliative for several other more advanced cancers. PMID- 3161683 TI - Early detection of lung cancer by means of hematoporphyrin derivative fluorescence and laser photoradiation. AB - In recent years hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), a mixture of porphyrin compounds that have an increased affinity for malignant tissue, has been used as an endobronchial tumor indicator to facilitate the bronchoscopic localization of early squamous cell carcinoma of the central tracheobronchial tree. In this article the authors describe four different bronchoscopic fluorescence detection systems that have facilitated the bronchoscopic localization of HpD-labeled early squamous cell carcinoma of the trachea and central bronchi. PMID- 3161684 TI - Photoradiation therapy of endobronchial lung cancer. Large obstructing tumors, nonobstructing tumors, and early-stage bronchial cancer lesions. AB - Photoradiation (photodynamic) therapy of endobronchial primary and metastatic lung cancers uniformly results in a complete response--that is, the opening up of totally or partially obstructed bronchi to their walls. The method, employing hematoporphyrin derivative and red laser light from an argon-pumped dye laser, is safe, efficient, and effective. The safety and lack on any complications rest upon the use of light-diffusing cylinder tips, and upon clean-up bronchoscopy to remove tumor debris promptly. The trachea and main and lobar bronchi, as well as segmental and subsegmental bronchi, can be entirely freed of tumor and completely opened up. PMID- 3161685 TI - Asynchronous expression of the alcohol and supernatant malate dehydrogenase loci during Barbus hybrid development (Cypriniformes, Teleostei). AB - The tissue specificity and ontogeny of supernatant malate dehydrogenase (s-MDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) are reported for the tiger barb (Barbus tetrazona), the rosy barb (Barbus conchonius) and their reciprocal hybrids. The tissue distribution of s-MDH and ADH isozymes in both species is consistent with spatial profiles reported for other teleosts. The expression of alleles of paternal origin at the s-Mdh-B and Adh loci are delayed in reciprocal hybrids as compared to their expression intraspecifically; suggestive of a low degree of affinity between maternally derived regulatory factors and paternal regulative elements controlling structural gene activation. PMID- 3161686 TI - Atopic background in patients with occupational hand eczema. AB - Of 368 patients with hand eczema examined during the years 1978-79, at a Department of Occupational Dermatology, 39% had a history of atopic disease (dermatitis, asthma, or rhinitis). 28% of the patients had or had had atopic dermatitis. The % of atopics in the patient material was highest in the age range 20-24 years, in which 57% of the patients had a history of atopic dermatitis, compared with only 11% in the age range above 35 years. Of all patients with a history of atopy, 22% had developed allergic contact dermatitis, while the corresponding figure for non-atopics was 45% (p less than = 0.001). Positive patch test reactions occurred in a significantly smaller number of individuals with past or present atopic disease than in non-atopics. Atopics had not changed jobs because of hand eczema to a greater extent, but had healed to a lesser extent after change of occupation than non-atopics (p less than 0.01). PMID- 3161687 TI - Skin and respiratory tract symptoms in veterinary surgeons. AB - Chronic or relapsing irritant eczema of the hands was the main complaint in 34 veterinary surgeons. 9 had contact allergic eczema of occupational character. In 8 cases, the allergies were probably due to antibiotics contaminating the skin during the administration of treatment. Contact allergy to penicillin was observed in 5 cases, to neomycin in 2 and to streptomycin in 1 case. Sensitivities to other work-related substances such as rubber chemicals, antiseptics and local anaesthetics were found in 6 cases. Multiple contact allergies, in particular to different penicillins, were seen frequently. Obvious work-related immediate reactions of probable allergic type were present in 10 cases, but were confirmed with positive RAST or prick test in only 2 cases. PMID- 3161688 TI - Contact dermatitis to Rhus succedanea. PMID- 3161689 TI - Contact dermatitis in children. PMID- 3161690 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to Bayo-N-OX-I. PMID- 3161691 TI - Contact dermatitis from Euphorbia pulcherrima. PMID- 3161692 TI - Fibronectin, laminin, type I, III and IV collagens in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, congenital muscular dystrophies and congenital myopathies: an immunocytochemical study. AB - The distribution pattern of fibronectin, laminin, type I, III and IV collagens in human skeletal muscle was studied by immunofluorescence. In normal muscle, as well as in congenital myopathies (CM), type I and III collagens were localized in the endomysium and the perimysium. Laminin and type IV collagen delineated precisely each muscle fiber but did not stain the perimysium. In Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) as well as in congenital muscular dystrophies (CMD) the extensive proliferation of connective tissue consisted mainly of fibronectin and type I and III collagens. Laminin and type IV collagen delineated principally the basal lamina but suprisingly were found to be distributed to some extent all over the extracellular matrix. No disease--specific accumulation of components of the extracellular matrix was found which would enable us to differentiate these last two diseases, though the immunofluorescence reactions for all components were stronger in DMD than in CMD. PMID- 3161693 TI - Differentiation of the glomerular filtration barrier in the rat fetus: possible role of collagen. AB - Successive steps leading to the development of glomerular ultrafiltration properties were explored in rat fetuses. The appearance of the lamina densa of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) concurrently with a sharp rise in collagen biosynthesis suggest a prominent role for these events in restricting permeability to plasma proteins. Sieving functions of the glomerular barrier are shown to depend on macromolecular architecture of the GBM, negative-fixed charges of the laminae rarae representing only one factor in maintaining the structure required for selective permeability. PMID- 3161694 TI - Studies on the elastolytic activity of chymotrypsin. AB - Chymotrypsin can completely solubilize insoluble [3H]-labeled ligamentum nuchae elastin. At similar enzyme levels, trypsin solubilizes only 5% of the elastin substrate whereas pancreatic elastase completely solubilizes the elastin at one tenth the concentration required for chymotrypsin solubilization. The elastolytic activity of chymotrypsin is dependent on Ca+2, is enhanced by SDS, and is inhibited by NaCl at concentrations above 10 mM. The elastolytic activity of chymotrypsin is also inhibited by TPCK, a chymotrypsin specific inhibitor, but not by TLCK, a trypsin specific inhibitor. Neither TPCK nor TLCK abolish the elastolytic activity of pancreatic elastase. The sizes of [3H]elastin fragments produced by the elastolytic activity of chymotrypsin are similar to those produced by pancreatic elastase, and larger than those produced by trypsin. PMID- 3161695 TI - Monomeric and polymeric collagen-induced platelet aggregation in citrated and heparinized platelet-rich plasma. AB - The physical and chemical properties of Type I bovine collagens were studied in relation to their platelet aggregating activity in citrated and heparinized human platelet-rich plasmas (PRP). Despite close similarities in physical and chemical properties, significant differences were found in platelet aggregating potency between two monomeric atelocollagens. Skin atelocollagen was a potent and corneal atelocollagen was a very weak inducer of platelet aggregation in citrated and heparinized PRP. In a polymeric form, however, corneal atelocollagen was a stronger platelet aggregating agent than monomeric skin acid-soluble or atelocollagen. Removal of the telopeptides altered some of the characteristics of the platelet aggregation induced by monomeric skin collagen. The rate and maximum extent of aggregation were the same with skin acid-soluble (intact) and atelocollagens in either type of PRP, but the lag periods and aggregation times were longer in citrated and somewhat shorter in heparinized PRP with skin atelocollagen than with acid-soluble collagens. The possible mechanisms leading to the differences observed in platelet aggregating activity of collagens in different physical states and from different tissues, and their distinct platelet aggregation patterns in differently anticoagulated PRP, are discussed. PMID- 3161696 TI - Salt soluble cross-linked elastin: formation and composition of fibers. AB - Cross-linked elastin has been isolated from the salt extract of sheep vascular tissue by means of hydrophobic interaction chromatography on a column of decyl agarose. Dialysis of the dimethylformamide and sodium dodecyl sulphate column eluates against distilled water produced a precipitate that was fibrous and that resembled insoluble elastin fibers. As judged by amino acid analyses and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, this precipitation resulted in further purification of the soluble cross-linked elastin. Similar chromatography and precipitation of oxalic acid solubilized cross-linked elastin (alpha-elastin) produced identical results. PMID- 3161699 TI - Immunosuppressor control as a modality of cancer treatment: effect of plasma adsorption with Staphylococcus aureus protein A. AB - In tumor-bearing hosts both cellular and humoral tumor-growth-enhancing factors are present. They cause immunosuppression and facilitate the growth of tumors. Very early during tumor growth these factors are either elicited by the tumor cells or induced by the host immunocytes. Among these immunosuppressive agents, circulating immune complexes appear to play a predominant role. They also activate suppressor cell activity. Plasma adsorption of CIC and IgG by protein A of Staphylococcus aureus has been reported to cause tumor regression. Plasma adsorption with protein A-collodion charcoal, protein A-silica, or protein A Sepharose also induced tumorilytic reactions. Even direct infusion of protein A induced tumor regressions in rat mammary tumors. Recent studies showing tumor regressions following S. aureus Wood 46 plasma adsorption or infusion of normal plasma adsorbed over S. aureus indicate that specific blocking factor removal by plasma adsorption may not be the mechanism for causing tumor destruction. Results indicate that S. aureus plasma adsorption leaches a number of staphylococcal agents. Thus, it appears that staphylococcal agents, protein A, enterotoxin, and other factors are responsible for the induction of reactions leading to tumor destruction. A unified mechanism explaining the results obtained with plasma adsorption using protein A of S. aureus, or S. aureus Wood, or direct protein A infusion, was presented. PMID- 3161698 TI - The pathophysiology of circulating immune complexes: their role in host-tumor interactions and removal by immunoadsorption therapy. PMID- 3161697 TI - Interferometric evaluation of collagen concentration in tendon fibers. AB - The dry mass concentration of collagen in native rat tail tendon fibers was studied by interferometric techniques. It could be shown that the collagen concentration of rat tail tendon fibers is not constant nor does it vary uniformly with the fiber diameter. Evidence is presented that the collagen concentration shows significant oscillations as a function of diameter. In order to explain the experimental findings, a layered model is proposed for the fiber structure; age dependent changes were also studied. It seems that the fiber structure is unaltered by ageing at the supramolecular level but its functional capacities are affected and swelling is inhibited. PMID- 3161701 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in renovascular hypertension. AB - The results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of renal arteries (PTA) were evaluated in 43 patients followed up for 2-39 months (mean: 14 months). The benefit of PTA was higher (82%) in hypertensives with arterial fibrodysplasia (n = 11) than in atherosclerotic vascular lesions (53%, n = 19). Of 15 patients with reduced renal function before PTA, the glomerular filtration rate rose in seven. A major complication was in one patient arterial dissection and in another one loss of function of the transplanted kidney due to acute tubular necrosis. The results confirm that PTA is an important contribution to the treatment of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 3161700 TI - Late results of reperfusion with intracoronary streptokinase. AB - Intracoronary streptokinase was infused to 152 randomly selected patients after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Control group consisted of 150 randomly selected patients after MI who were treated by conventional methods. Preliminary results indicate several beneficial effects of early reperfusion with intracoronary streptokinase. PMID- 3161702 TI - Intraportal autotransplantation of cryopreserved porcine islets of Langerhans. AB - Mechanically prepared isolated islets of Langerhans were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for a period of 4 days. Intraportal autotransplantation studies were performed on two groups of six pigs rendered diabetic by total pancreatectomy (group 2) or by partial pancreatectomy combined with streptozotocin (group 4) and compared with two control groups (groups 1 and 3, respectively). The pigs were assessed for survival, weight gain, glycosuria, polyuria, systemic blood sugar and insulin, and, in selected pigs, intravenous glucose tolerance tests. Results showed that partial pancreatectomy with streptozotocin was the better tolerated experimental diabetes. Variable control of hyperglycemia was obtained over an experimental period of 3 months. Random blood glucose returned to normal in one of six pigs in the totally pancreatectomized group and three of six pigs in the partial pancreatectomy and streptozotocin group. Despite these normal circulating glucose levels, imperfect glucose homeostasis was achieved as shown by the response to glucose tolerance testing. These results report blood glucose control after cryopreserved islet autotransplants in diabetic pigs but further study is still necessary to achieve consistency. PMID- 3161703 TI - Diflunisal ('Dolobid') once-a-day in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A 4-week, double-blind, controlled multi-centre study was carried out in 235 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis to compare the efficacy and tolerance of 500 mg or 1000 mg diflunisal per day administered once daily, in the evening, or in divided, twice daily dosage. The results showed that diflunisal given once daily was at least as effective as diflunisal given twice daily. Day pain, morning stiffness, average grip strength and erythrocyte sedimentation rate improved similarly in both groups. Significant differences favouring the once daily regimen were observed for improvement in night pain, Ritchie index and overall assessments by patient and investigator. Adverse experiences were slightly more common in patients taking diflunisal once daily (24% vs 19%) but this difference was not significant. It is concluded, therefore, that diflunisal once-a-day is an alternative regimen for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is at least as effective as the twice-daily regimen and may provide additional convenience to the patient and potential enhancement of compliance. PMID- 3161704 TI - Nail micronizer. PMID- 3161705 TI - Erythema annulare centrifugum: an unusual case due to hydroxychloroquine sulfate. AB - Erythema annulare centrifugum presents as a cutaneous hypersensitivity to diverse causes including fungal and yeast infections, parasitic infestations, drugs, and, rarely, occult malignancies. A prolonged case of erythema annulare centrifugum secondary to the use of hydroxychloroquine sulfate is presented. The prolonged time needed for clearing after discontinuation of the medication is thought to result from the melanocyte-binding characteristics of the drug. PMID- 3161706 TI - Urticarial vasculitis, immune complex disease, and an infected ventriculoatrial shunt. AB - Shunt nephritis syndrome consists of glomerulonephritis, mixed cryoglobulinemia, and persistent bacteremia. A 37-year-old woman with a prior history of a ventriculoatrial shunt presented complaining of urticaria. A skin biopsy specimen from one lesion showed findings consistent with vasculitis. Because microscopic hematuria was seen on urinalysis, systemic disease was suspected. The ensuing diagnostic workup revealed the syndrome of "shunt nephritis." To our knowledge, cutaneous findings of urticaria and vasculitis have not been previously reported in this interesting syndrome. PMID- 3161707 TI - Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy by drug treatment of hypertension. AB - Both essential hypertension and the development of left ventricular hypertrophy are multifactorial. Several types of hypertrophy may develop. There is evidence that different agents used to treat hypertension may cause varying degrees of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. In many instances in which regression of left ventricular hypertrophy has occurred in human subjects, there has been an associated improvement in echocardiographic evidence of ventricular function. Although most current evidence suggests that therapy should aim at both the control of blood pressure and the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, one should be aware that an individual who is successfully treated for hypertension with a regimen that also produces regression of the compensatory left ventricular hypertrophy may be more susceptible to left ventricular failure if the severe hypertension should ever recur from whatever cause. PMID- 3161708 TI - [Survey of postural pain in dentists]. PMID- 3161710 TI - [Absorbable synthetic mesh in abdominal surgery. Indications, operative procedures and results]. AB - Compared to non absorbable mesh, the use of absorbable mesh offers a wider range of surgical indications. Otherwise the complications of implanted non absorbable mesh can be almost avoided. Reporting the experience of 41 own cases in abdominal surgery, indications, surgical technique and complications of absorbable mesh are demonstrated. PMID- 3161709 TI - Lymphocyte aberrations in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Because the etiology of IgA and IgG hyperimmunoglobulinemia in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) remains unknown, the cellular immune system has been further studied by measuring the lymphocyte and its subpopulations in peripheral bloods of 50 definite AS patients and 40 normal controls. The system's functions have also been assessed in terms of proliferative responses to phytomitogens (Con A, PHA and PWM) and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). The following results were obtained: The number of lymphocytes, total T, active T, OKIa1, OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8 cells in peripheral bloods of AS patients decreased more significantly when compared to the normal controls. The ratio of OKT4/OKT8 also decreased. However, the number of OKT8 cells was normal in inactive stage. While the lymphocytes of AS responded hyperreactively to PWM (B-cell mitogen), the response to Con A (T-cell mitogen) was depressed significantly. AMLR was impaired in AS patients no matter whether monocytes or B cells were used as stimulators. The aforementioned changes were especially evident in the active stage and most of them returned to normal after the disease became quiescent. It is therefore concluded that the etiology of hyperreactivity of B-cells in AS may be caused by T-cell immune aberration as evidenced by depressed lymphoproliferative response to T-cell mitogen (Con A) and impaired AMLR and/or the hyperfunction of B-cells themselves. PMID- 3161711 TI - Chronobiologic pattern discrimination of plasma hormones, notably DHEA-S and TSH, classifies an expansive personality. AB - Methods of chronobiologic pattern discrimination, a "monotest' involving the leave-one-out technique and a "maximin distance' algorithm for cluster analysis, along with stepwise discriminant analysis procedures and correlation techniques are used in the search for classifiers of personality. By these methods, chronoendocrine relations of an expansive personality are explored in data sampled around the clock in 4 seasons on 10 North American and 3 Japanese women. Of 12 plasma hormones determined in each season, DHEA-S shows a time-dependent relation to an expansive, egocentric personality assessed by an abbreviated version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; time-dependent co classifiers are TSH, LH, prolactin and cortisol. Cost-effective recommendations for sampling are thus proposed for further tests of endocrine factors classifying for an expansive personality and, perhaps, classifying also for any associated vulnerability or risk state. PMID- 3161712 TI - [The in vivo formation of covalent compounds of bacteriophage phi X 174 protein A with nucleotides depends on phage DNA replication]. PMID- 3161713 TI - Contact dermatitis in workers processing polyvinyl chloride plastics. AB - Out of 401 workers employed in a factory producing shoes from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) granulate, 388 were investigated. By patch testing with the standard tests and 4 phthalate compounds, a diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis was confirmed in 11 of these. Six of them were sensitized to phthalates and 5 to coal tar. PMID- 3161714 TI - [Irritant effect of tensides on occupational dermatitis patients in hairdressing and nursing occupations. Comparative studies of healthy persons and neurodermatitis patients]. AB - The irritational disposition of the skin was studied in a control group of 12 healthy persons, 8 patients with neurodermitis, 11 hairdressers with occupational dermatitis and 11 nurses with occupational dermatitis by using the Duhring chamber-scarification test. For comparison, the alkali resistance test was also carried out. The results show that with the alkali resistance test the irritational disposition towards tensides may not be judged. The present findings show that the increased irritational disposition toward detergent substances seems to be a constitutional factor which favors the development of occupational dermatitis in hairdressing and nursing jobs; with the patient suffering from atopic dermatitis, one must presume an increased irritational disposition towards tensides in most cases. PMID- 3161715 TI - [Occurrence of nickel contact allergy in randomly selected patients in the Munich area]. AB - A group of 503 persons having no current dermatitis was examined by questionnaire and a patch test with 2.5% and 5% NiSO4 in petrolatum. Among these, 4.77% (62.5% aged up to 39 years) showed a positive reaction, affecting 1.64% of the tested males and 7.72% of the tested females. Grouped by profession, medical personnel yielded the highest percentage of positive reactions (12%), and workers who had frequent occupational contact to nickel showed more positive reactions than workers who had no occupational contact to nickel. Among persons having a history of allergy to nickel, 51.7% yielded positive reactions; and 62.5% of those yielding positive reactions had a corresponding case history. The two test concentrations (2.5% and 5%) caused essentially the same reactions. PMID- 3161716 TI - [Allergic contact dermatitis due to Asteraceae (Compositae). Cross reaction with Liatris spicata]. AB - Case reports of 2 florists suffering from contact dermatitis to Asteraceae, especially to Chrysanthema are described. In addition, in both patients allergic patch-test reactions to another Asteraceae species (Liatris spicata) could be demonstrated. This Asteraceae species is a native flower (Blazing Star) in the USA, but in Germany we find the flower in shops, and sometimes in parks and gardens. Genus Liatris contains about 30 species. Numerous sesquiterpene lactons are isolated from Liatris species which are probably cross reactive with sesquiterpene lactons from Asteraceae native to Europe. PMID- 3161717 TI - [Endoscopic and percutaneous therapy of cholelithiasis: utopia?]. PMID- 3161718 TI - [Recurrences of extracapillary glomerulonephritis in 2 kidney grafts in the same patient]. AB - An IgA-IgM positive, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis developed in two successive transplants in a 28-year-old patient. Both transplants failed. In the prevention and treatment of rejection corticoids and cortisone, antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporin A were administered but could not prevent the development of this form of glomerulonephritis. It remains to be shown whether it presents a contraindication to transplantation. PMID- 3161719 TI - [Ileus and peritonitis]. PMID- 3161720 TI - [Toxins, especially mycotoxins, in feed]. PMID- 3161721 TI - In vitro activity of temocillin against Neisseria gonorrhoeae including penicillinase-producing strains. AB - 169 penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) isolated in the United Kingdom were examined for susceptibility to temocillin and spectinomycin. A further 25 PPNG strains and 214 non-penicillinase-producing strains were examined against temocillin, spectinomycin, amoxycillin, cefuroxime and penicillin. Minimum inhibitory temocillin concentrations ranged from 0.36 to 5.0 mg/L with a mode at 1.25 mg/L. The distributions of sensitivities to other agents were in keeping with those previously described. PMID- 3161722 TI - Pituitary binding of vasopressin is altered by experimental manipulations of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in normal as well as homozygous (di/di) Brattleboro rats. AB - In the present study we report the properties of vasopressin (VP) receptors in the anterior pituitary gland and show that the number of these receptors is markedly affected by adrenalectomy and hypothalamic lesions. VP-binding activity was assayed in particulate fractions of rat anterior pituitary glands using tritium-labeled arginine VP ([3H] AVP) as tracer. In the presence of Mg2+ the radioligand interacted with a single class of high affinity, low capacity binding sites. Magnesium ions modulated the affinity of the receptors but had no effect on binding capacity. Guanine nucleotides decreased the amount of tracer bound in a dose-dependent manner by increasing the dissociation constant (Kd) of the binding reaction by approximately 2-fold. Increasing the concentration of Mg2+ did not prevent this effect. Bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX) decreased pituitary AVP-binding activity: binding fell by 30% 4 h after surgery and declined further to 10% or less of control at 4 days. The decrease in binding was primarily due to a reduction in the number of receptors. Daily administration of corticosterone inhibited the reduction of binding activity at 4 days in a dose-dependent manner. Destruction of hypophyseotropic VP neurons by means of surgical lesioning of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus or the medial basal hypothalamus abolished the effect of ADX on pituitary AVP binding at 24 h but only attenuated the degree of receptor loss at 4 days. Furthermore, the lesions themselves caused a significant (approximately 30%) reduction in receptor number 4-7 days after hypothalamic surgery. Adrenalectomy reduced pituitary AVP-binding activity in homozygous (di/di) Brattleboro rats. The extent as well as the time course of the loss of receptor activity resembled that in normal rats. Rat anterior pituitary segments were exposed to synthetic CRF, AVP, or oxytocin (all 10(-7) M) for 4 h in vitro, and [3H] AVP-binding activity was subsequently determined. Both AVP and oxytocin reduced the amount of radioligand bound, while CRF had no effect. These observations allow the following conclusions: Magnesium ions and guanine nucleotides modulate the affinity of pituitary AVP receptors by different mechanisms and have no effect on binding capacity; Pituitary receptors for AVP are regulated by the amount of AVP released by paraventricular nucleus neurons as well as through a mechanism that requires the presence of corticosterone; Homozygous Brattleboro rats may respond to ADX by increased hypothalamic release of an endogenous ligand for pituitary AVP receptors. PMID- 3161723 TI - Toxicity and fetotoxicity of TCDD, TCDF and PCB isomers in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). AB - In rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), consumption of food containing commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures, some pure polychlorobiphenyl congeners, 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) caused the same clinical toxic manifestations and histopathologic lesions, although the potencies of the toxicants covered a range of five orders of magnitude. Recovery from poisoning by 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (34TCB) or TCDF was rapid, whereas recovery from poisoning by Aroclor 1242, 3,4,5,3', 4', 5' hexachlorobiphenyl (345HCB) or TCDD was protracted, if it occurred at all. 34TCB did not appreciably accumulate in body fat, but the level of 345HCB in fat rose steadily during ingestion. In one monkey, 25% of TCDD stored in fat after a single dose was still present after 2 years. Among the symmetrical tetra-and hexachlorobiphenyl isomers tested, subacute oral toxicity could be demonstrated only for those without ortho chlorine substitutions. 34TCB and 345HCB were toxic at dietary levels of less than 1 ppm, but ingestion of food containing 2,5,2',5'- tetrachlorobiphenyl at 5 ppm, or 2,4,5,2',4',5'-, 2,4,6,2',4',6'-, or 2,3,6,2',3',6'-hexachlorobiphenyl at 15 or 65 ppm, caused no discernible deleterious effects. The principal demonstrable histopathological lesions, bone marrow excepted, were metaplasias in some specialized epithelial structures, such as sebaceous glands, nail beds, gastric mucosa, ameloblast, and thymic corpuscles. These changes were interpreted as toxicant-induced, reversible redirection of differentiation. This aberration was wholly reversible. TCDD and 34TCB caused abortions when given in one or a few oral doses early in pregnancy. At the total doses used (1 or 5 micrograms/kg of body weight for TCDD, 3 or 0.6 mg/kg of body weight for 34TCB), maternal toxicity was frequently apparent subsequent to the abortion. PMID- 3161724 TI - A study by EMG stick diagrams of the muscular activities in the trunk flexion and extension movement. PMID- 3161726 TI - An azide-insensitive low-affinity ATPase stimulated by Ca2+ or Mg2+ in basal lateral and brush border membranes of kidney cortex. AB - Basal-lateral and brush border membranes from pig kidney cortex were prepared by differential centrifugation followed by free-flow electrophoresis. In each type of membrane, azide-insensitive, low-affinity Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities are demonstrated. A comparative study for both membranes further reveals the following analogies between these ATPases: (a) they show maximal activity between pH 8 and 8.5; (b) they exhibit Km values for Ca-ATP or Mg-ATP in the millimolar range and have a comparable low substrate specificity; (c) they are insensitive to 10 microM of vanadate, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, e diethylstilbestrol, quercetin, harmaline and amiloride. The partial inhibition by 1 mM of the various compounds is rather aspecific. In view of these similarities it is concluded that only one enzyme entity is responsible for the activity which is measured in both membrane types. The HCO3-stimulated Mg2+-ATPase activity in pig kidney cortex was also studied. This enzyme, however, is clearly of mitochondrial origin since the HCO3-stimulation coincides with the distribution profile of succinate dehydrogenase, a mitochondrial marker; and since it is inhibited by azide. PMID- 3161727 TI - Solubilization and purification of the ATPase from the tonoplast of Hevea. AB - The tonoplast-bound ATPase of Hevea brasiliensis (caoutchouc tree) was solubilized with dichloromethan and purified 100-fold with two ammonium sulfate precipitation steps and a G-200 gel filtration step. The resulting ATPase activity eluted according to a molecular mass of approximately 200 kDa and chromatographed at an isoelectric pH of 5.3. Subunits of molecular mass 110 kDa, 68 kDa, 24 kDa and 12 kDa appeared after treatment with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate or spontaneously during storage of the solubilized ATPase. Dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis yielded four polypeptides of molecular mass 54 kDa, 66 kDa, 23 kDa and 13 kDa. From protein determination by ultraviolet absorption and Coomassie stain it appears that the 54-kDa and the 66-kDa polypeptides exist in multiple copies. No close resemblance to the membrane-bound ATPase of mitochondria, plastids, plasmalemma, chromaffin granules and synaptic vesicles is seen. No antibody cross-reaction to F1 of bacteria is observed. Therefore it is concluded that the vacuolar ATPase represents a novel type of ATPase. Many properties of the tonoplast-bound ATPase such as pH-dependence, substrate specificity, ion-dependence and inhibitor sensitivity did not change when the enzyme had been solubilized and purified. The phosphatase activity was lost during the purification procedure. The stimulation of ATP-hydrolysis in tonoplast vesicles by uncouplers and ionophores was absent in the solubilized ATPase, and also the stimulation by chloride was significantly reduced. Anion channel blockers, such as triphenyltin and 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene, which are strong inhibitors of membrane-bound ATPase, fully or partly lost their inhibiting effect after solubilization of the ATPase. These results are interpreted to indicate that ionophores do not directly affect the ATPase molecule, whereas chloride might have a small direct effect on the ATPase besides its effect as a permeating anion. PMID- 3161725 TI - Internalization of blocking antibodies against mannose-6-phosphate specific receptors. AB - Antibodies against mannose-6-phosphate specific receptors inhibit the receptor dependent endocytosis of exogenous lysosomal enzymes as well as the sorting of endogenous lysosomal enzymes. This inhibition was correlated with an apparent loss of the receptors. We report here that treatment of cells with the antibody results in the formation of receptor-antibody complexes that are not extracted by the procedure used for the solubilization of receptors prior to immunoprecipitation and detection of the receptor. The apparent loss of receptors is observed with both native antibody and the F(ab)2 fragments, but not with Fab fragments. In contrast the transport of lysosomal enzymes is inhibited by all three forms of the antibody. The inhibition is ascribed to masking by the antibody of the enzyme-binding site in the receptor. The inhibition of the sorting of endogenous lysosomal enzymes by antibodies added to the medium indicates that the mannose-6-phosphate specific receptors at the sorting site are in dynamic equilibrium with those at the cell surface. The receptor-antibody complexes formed at the cell surface appear to cycle between the cell surface and intracellular membranes. A fraction of the internalized antibodies dissociates from the receptors and is degraded after transfer into lysosomes. Complexing with Fab increases the concentration of the receptor in the lysosomes and decreases 2- to 3-fold the half-life of the receptor. PMID- 3161728 TI - Evidence that treatment of platelets with phorbol ester causes proteolytic activation of Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. AB - Incubation of human platelets with the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) caused the accumulation of a protein kinase in the particulate fraction which was not dependent on Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine (Ptd-Ser). The Ca2+/Ptd-Ser-independent kinase eluted from DEAE-cellulose at a NaCl concentration of 0.18-0.22 M compared with 0.08 - 0.16 M for Ca2+/Ptd-Ser dependent protein kinase (C-kinase). Formation of the Ca2+/Ptd-Ser-independent kinase in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-treated platelets was blocked by leupeptin, an inhibitor of Ca2+-dependent neutral proteases. The Ca2+/Ptd-Ser independent kinase and C-kinase both catalysed the same pattern of phosphorylation of smooth muscle myosin light chains and histone H1 as detected by one-dimensional or two-dimensional peptide mapping after tryptic digestion. The phosphorylation sites were different from those obtained with myosin light chain kinase or cAMP-dependent kinase. The Ca2+/Ptd-Ser-independent kinase and C kinase had Mr values of about 50 000 and 77 000 respectively as determined by sucrose-gradient centrifugation. It was concluded that 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate induces the proteolytic cleavage of C-kinase to a Ca2+/Ptd-Ser independent form. PMID- 3161729 TI - Protein kinase C phosphorylates the inhibitory guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory component and apparently suppresses its function in hormonal inhibition of adenylate cyclase. AB - Human platelet membrane proteins were phosphorylated by exogenous, partially purified Ca2+-activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). The phosphorylation of one of the major substrates for protein kinase C (Mr = 41 000) was specifically suppressed by the beta subunit of the inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component (Gi, Ni) of adenylate cyclase. The free alpha subunit of Gi (Mr = 41 000) also served as an excellent substrate for the kinase (greater than 0.5 mol phosphate incorporated per mol of subunit), but the Gi oligomer (alpha X beta X gamma) did not. Treatment of cyc- S49 lymphoma cells, which are deficient in Gs/Ns (the stimulatory component) but contain functional Gi/Ni, with the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, a potent activator of protein kinase C, did not alter stimulation of adenylate cyclase catalytic activity by forskolin, whereas the Gi/Ni-mediated inhibition of the cyclase by the hormone, somatostatin, was impaired in these membranes. The results suggest that the alpha subunit of the inhibitory guanine-nucleotide binding regulatory component of adenylate cyclase may be a physiological substrate for protein kinase C and that the function of the component in transducing inhibitory hormonal signals to adenylate cyclase is altered by its phosphorylation. PMID- 3161730 TI - Intralysosomal formation and metabolic fate of N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulfate from keratan sulfate. AB - The physiological relevance of the ability of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A to liberate N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulfate from polymeric keratan sulfate was investigated. Upon intravenous injection into rats of [35S]sulfate-labeled proteokeratan sulfate up to 25% of the radioactivity excreted with the urine were identified as N-acetyl-glucosamine 6-sulfate. Within 24 h, however, excretion of inorganic sulfate rose at the expense of the sulfated monosaccharide. Upon incubation in vitro of liver lysosomes from rats treated with proteokeratan sulfate, inorganic sulfate and minor amounts of sulfated monosaccharide were found in the incubation fluid. Cultured rat peritoneal macrophages ingested proteokeratan sulfate with a clearance rate of 6-9 micrograms X h-1 X mg cell protein-1 and degraded it rapidly. Inorganic sulfate but not N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulfate was delivered to the culture medium. During a chase period the amount of intracellular N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulfate fell, and a corresponding amount of sulfate could be found extracellularly. Significant amount of N acetylglucosamine 6-sulfate were only found in the culture medium when the cells were challenged with zymosan. These results suggest that N-acetylglucosamine 6 sulfate is a physiological intermediate during the degradation of keratan sulfate, but is usually hydrolyzed intralysosomally by N-acetylglucosamine-6 sulfate sulfatase. Genetic deficiency of the sulfatase in humans therefore results in excessive excretion of the sulfated amino sugar but not of keratan sulfate. PMID- 3161731 TI - Purification and preliminary characterization of the glycoprotein Ib complex in the human platelet membrane. AB - Human platelet glycoprotein Ib (GP Ib) is a major integral membrane protein that has been identified as the platelet-binding site mediating the factor VIII/von Willebrand-factor-dependent adhesion of platelets to vascular subendothelium. Recent evidence suggests that GP Ib is normally complexed with another platelet membrane protein, GP IX. In this study, human platelet plasma membranes were selectively solubilized with a buffer containing 0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100. The GP Ib complex (GP Ib plus GP IX) was purified to homogeneity in approximately 30% yield by immunoaffinity chromatography of the membrane extract using the anti (glycoprotein Ib complex) murine monoclonal antibody, WM 23, coupled to agarose. GP Ib and GP IX were subsequently isolated as purified components by immunoaffinity chromatography of the GP Ib complex using a second anti (glycoprotein Ib complex) monoclonal antibody, FMC 25, coupled to agarose. As assessed by dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, purified GP Ib was identical to the molecule on intact platelets and had an apparent relative molecular mass of 170 000 under nonreducing conditions and 135 000 (alpha subunit) and 25 000 (beta subunit) under reducing conditions. GP IX had an apparent Mr of 22 000 under both nonreducing and reducing conditions. Purified Gb Ib complex and GP Ib inhibited the ristocetin-mediated, human factor VIII/von Willebrand-factor-dependent and bovine factor VIII/von Willebrand-factor dependent agglutination of washed human platelets suggesting the proteins had been isolated in functionally active form. GP Ib alpha had a similar amino acid composition to that previously reported for its proteolytic degradation product, glycocalicin. The amino acid compositions of GP Ib beta and GP IX were similar but showed marked differences in the levels of glutamic acid, alanine, histidine and arginine. The N-termini of GP Ib alpha and GP IX were blocked; GP Ib beta had the N-terminal sequence, Ile-Pro-Ala-Pro-. On crossed immunoelectrophoresis, both GP Ib and GP IX were found to occur in the same immunoprecipitin arc(s) whether the platelets had been solubilized in the absence or presence of the calcium dependent protease inhibitor, leupeptin. Binding studies in platelet-rich plasma indicated a similar number of binding sites (means +/- SD) for three anti (glycoprotein Ib complex) monoclonal antibodies: AN 51, epitope on GP Ib alpha (22 000 +/- 2700, n = 3), WM 23, epitope on GP Ib alpha (21 000 +/- 3400, n = 3), FMC 25, epitope on GP IX (20 100 +/- 2700, n = 3), and FMC 25 (Fab')2 (27 100 +/- 800, n = 2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3161732 TI - Sensitivity to alpha/beta-interferon is independent of N-linked complex-type oligosaccharides on cell-surface-membrane glycoproteins. AB - The extent of involvement of carbohydrate structures in the mechanism of action of alpha and beta-interferon (IFN-alpha, IFN-beta) is undefined. In this report we examine the role of complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides in the response to these interferons. The response of mouse leukemia L 1210S cells, grown in the presence of swainsonine, an inhibitor of Golgi mannosidase II [Tulsiani, D. R. P., Harris, T. M. and Touster, O. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 7936-7939; Elbein A. D., Solf, R., Dorling, P. R. and Vosbeck, K. (1981) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 78, 7393-7397], to mouse IFN-alpha/beta, both with respect to antiviral and antigrowth effects, remains intact in spite of the total absence of complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides. Also, there is no difference in the response to human IFN-beta of a parental Chinese hamster ovary cell line and a mutant lacking beta N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I and therefore unable to synthesize complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides [Stanley, P., Callibot, V. and Siminovitch, L. (1975) Cell 6, 121-128]. These results are significant in permitting the conclusion that the carbohydrate-specific binding of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta to gangliosides cannot be due to a similarity of the ganglioside carbohydrate to that of a glycoprotein containing a complex-type N-liked oligosaccharide. PMID- 3161733 TI - Electron microscopic localization of calelectrin, a Mr 36 000 calcium-regulated protein, at the cholinergic electromotor synapse of Torpedo. AB - Calelectrin is a calcium-binding protein of Mr 36 000 which has previously been shown to be associated with membranes of the cholinergic synapse in a calcium dependent manner. We report here that calelectrin was solubilized from the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata in the absence of calcium together with proteins of Mr 54 000 and Mr 15 000. In cholinergic nerve endings isolated from the electric organ only calelectrin was solubilized in a calcium-dependent manner. A specific antiserum to calelectrin was used to localize the antigen by immunofluorescence microscopy on sections of electric organ and showed that calelectrin is distributed throughout the postsynaptic cell. Calelectrin was also detected in axons and in the cell bodies of the cholinergic neurones where it was concentrated in discrete patches throughout the cells. Electric organ tissue was processed to localize calelectrin with the electron microscope using an immunoperoxidase method. The most intense staining was observed on the cytoplasmic face of the acetylcholine receptor-containing postsynaptic membrane and also associated with the intracellular filaments of the electrocyte. The intensity of staining associated with these structures could be greatly reduced by preincubating the tissue with calcium chelators. In nerve terminals calelectrin was associated with synaptic vesicles in a polarized fashion. Calelectrin was also found on the cytoplasmic face of the synaptosomal plasma membrane and associated with neurofilaments. No extracellular staining was ever observed. Our results strongly support our original hypothesis that calelectrin is a calcium-regulated component of intracellular structure associated both with membranes and filaments. PMID- 3161734 TI - Recurrence rate after successful coronary angioplasty. AB - Among 356 consecutive patients with successful TCA performed between October 1977 and June 1983 follow-up angiograms were performed in 333 patients (94%). A total of 439 follow-up angiograms at 1-48 (average 5.6) months after successful angioplasty were analysed. Restenosis rate was 12% if defined as remaining widening of less than 20% compared with the situation before angioplasty. It was 16% if defined as loss of at least half of the initial gain in luminal diameter, and 17% if defined as increase from immediate post-TCA-stenosis of much greater than 30% or the loss of at least half of the initial gain in luminal diameter. This value dropped to 15% if the subgroup of 30 patients with second TCA and of 14 patients with dilatation of an aortocoronary bypass stenosis were excluded; in both subgroups recurrence rate was higher (33% and 45%, respectively). The observed restenosis rate is less than 50% of that reported by the PTCA registry of the NHLBI. Several factors can possibly be responsible for the reduction in restenosis rate: selection of patients; technique of TCA; medical treatment during and after TCA; modification of risk factors, compliance of patients; unknown factors. Long-term medical treatment with acetyl salicylic acid, nitrates and calcium blockers in high doses is considered to be most probably responsible for the favourable results. PMID- 3161735 TI - CT analysis of ovarian tumors: correlations with laparoscopical and surgical findings. AB - This study concerns a selected group of 21 patients with ovarian carcinoma in whom CT, laparotomy, and laparoscopy findings could be compared. Considering the loco-regional and distant abdominal sites of involvement, the limits and possibilities of CT in diagnosis and follow-up are outlined. PMID- 3161737 TI - Extraosseous accumulation of 99mTc-MDP in a benign intrapulmonary calcified focus. AB - A patient with a benign calcified pulmonary focus concentrating 99mTc methylenediphosphonate is described. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of the accumulation of 99mTc-phosphate compounds in a benign calcified focus of the lung. The value of a routine correlation with X-ray study in every case of focal chest concentration of 99mTc-MDP is emphasized. PMID- 3161736 TI - Involvement of heparan sulfate in 67Ga binding to rat-liver plasma membrane. AB - The role of heparan sulfate (HS) in gallium citrate Ga 67 binding to rat-liver plasma membrane was investigated. HS was found to be the only acid mucopolysaccharide present on the plasma-membrane surface. The extent of 67Ga binding to the plasma membrane reached a plateau 1-2 h after the start of incubation, and binding was higher under alkaline conditions than under acidic conditions. The amount of binding increased in parallel with the protein concentration of the plasma membrane (up to 2 mg per incubation mixture). Solubilizing agents, such as bromelin and 1% Triton X-100 as well as 2 M NaCl and heparin, markedly decreased 67Ga binding, and the decrease in 67Ga binding to the plasma membrane was closely associated with the amount of HS released from the plasma-membrane surface by each solubilizing agent. On the other hand, treatment with HS markedly increased 67Ga binding to about three times the control level. These data provide further support for our previous proposal that HS plays an important role as a receptor for gallium in various tissues, including tumor cells and inflammatory tissues. PMID- 3161738 TI - Metabolism of thymoxamine. I. Studies with 14C-thymoxamine in rats. AB - Thymoxamine is rapidly and completely absorbed in rats. It is a prodrug which does not enter the systemic circulation in its unchanged form. After either oral or intravenous administration it undergoes rapid and intense metabolism involving four biotransformation reactions: Enzymatic hydrolysis to the corresponding phenol (metabolite I), Monodemethylation to metabolite II, Sulfate conjugation of I and II (metabolites III and IV) and Conjugation of I and II with glucuronic acid (metabolites V and VI). With these 6 metabolites identified approximately 95% of the radioactivity can be accounted for in plasma, urine and bile. Whereas the systemic availability of I and II is low, III and IV show high bioavailability. Metabolites I to IV are pharmacologically active, while III and IV are less potent than I and II. The radioactivity distribution in tissues is different after oral and intravenous administration consistent with the higher portion of unconjugated metabolites in the body after administration by parenteral route. Although 60% of the labelled compounds is eliminated via bile, the radioactive compounds are almost completely excreted in the urine after both routes of administration. This demonstrates complete reabsorption of the biliary metabolites. Secondary peaks of radioactivity in plasma and organs at 4 hours are explained by the participation of the metabolites in the enterohepatic circulation. PMID- 3161739 TI - Metabolism of thymoxamine. II. Studies with 14C-thymoxamine in man. AB - Thymoxamine is rapidly and completely absorbed in man. Rapid biotransformation is observed after intravenous and oral administration of 40 mg 14C-thymoxamine HCl. No unchanged compound is found in the body. More than 90% of plasma and urine radioactivity could be ascribed to six metabolites: the desacetyl compound (metabolite I), the monodemethylated metabolite I (metabolite II), the sulfate conjugates of I and II (metabolites III and IV) and the glucuronides of I and II (metabolites V and VI). The unconjugated metabolites are observed in plasma only after intravenous administration. Similar patterns for polar metabolites are found in plasma and urine for both routes of administration. The sulfate fraction amounts to about 50-60% and the glucuronide fraction to about 30-40% of the radioactivity, the conjugates of metabolite I being more abundant than those of metabolite II. The elimination of the metabolites is rapid, the half-life of radioactivity elimination being 1.5 h during the first 12 hours and 12 h thereafter. 80% of the radioactivity dose is recovered in the urine within 4 hours. Recovery after four days amounts to 99.8% (i.v.) and 97.7% (oral). The results are discussed with regard to the application of the drug in man, taking into account that not only the unconjugated metabolites but also the sulfate conjugates are pharmacologically active. PMID- 3161741 TI - Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of ketanserin in elderly subjects. AB - The bioavailability of ketanserin has been examined in a cross-over experiment in 21 elderly subjects (aged 59-72 years) by administration of tablets (40 mg), solution (40 mg) and injectable solution (10 mg). After two weeks of treatment with 40 mg ketanserin tablets further 18 blood samples for analysis were collected under steady-state conditions. Plasma levels were measured by HPLC. The absolute bioavailability of ketanserin tablets was 52.7%; their relative bioavailability compared to a solution containing an equal quantity of active compound was 85.5%. Therefore, the low absolute bioavailability of ketanserin cannot be attributed to the formulation. The active compound was rapidly liberated from the tablet, reaching a peak of 103.8 ng/ml after 0.97 h. Individual plasma level-time curves fitted to an open three compartment model and a half-life of 17.7 +/- 7.26 h was calculated for the terminal elimination phase. An average terminal elimination half-life of 15.4 +/- 4.2 ng/ml was found after administration of the ketanserin solution. Multiple dosing with 40 mg tablets b.d.s. resulted in an AUC over one dosing interval at steady-state of 666 +/- 201 ng X h/ml. The AUC extrapolated to infinity was 1200 +/- 405 ng X h/ml for the last tablet. This is 1.8-times the AUC in one dosing interval, and 2.3-times the AUC of a single dose. Under steady-state conditions, the mean peak plasma level was 155.1 ng/ml (1.08 h after dosing) and the terminal half-life was 19.1 +/- 5.1 h. For the metabolite ketanserinol terminal half-lives of 21.4 h after a single tablet and 31.0 h after discontinuation of multiple dosing were calculated. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3161740 TI - [Doppler sonography in intracranial circulation disorders of the internal carotid artery. A comparative Doppler sonography-angiography study]. AB - During the past 33 months we have investigated 6,587 patients using directional continuous-wave Doppler sonography of the carotid arteries. On the basis of 1,671 retrograde brachial and direct carotid angiograms we have developed criteria for demonstrating a significant increase in the peripheral resistance of the internal carotid artery. We distinguished stenoses proximal (15 cases) and distal (4) to the origin of the ophthalmic artery, supraclinoid internal carotid artery occlusions (8), stenoses (2) and obliterations (10) of the middle cerebral artery that developed suddenly. Stenoses in the carotid siphon (proximal or distal to the origin of the ophthalmic artery) showed a reduction of more than 40% in the relative end-diastolic flow velocity (modified Pourcelot's index); in addition, stenoses proximal to the origin of the ophthalmic artery exhibited an alternating flow, or flow reversal, in the supratrochlear artery to a variable extent. Stenoses distal to the origin of the ophthalmic artery only rarely revealed the increase in orthograde flow velocity that had been theoretically expected in the supratrochlear artery. Stenoses of the middle cerebral artery exceeding the extent of atherosclerotic irregularities proved to be an exception. Supraclinoid obliterations of the internal carotid artery were reliably demonstrated by Doppler sonography. However, the reliably demonstrated by Doppler sonography. However, the majority of the occlusions of the middle cerebral artery that developed suddenly could not be detected by this means, probably due to anastomoses between the anterior and middle cerebral arteries, which were detected by means of angiography. Thus, we believe that continuous-wave Doppler sonography is a reliable tool for detecting stenoses of the carotid siphon of more than 60% reduction in lumen diameter as well as supraclinoid carotid artery occlusions. Resistance to the cerebral blood flow that is located more peripherally cannot be diagnosed reliably by this method. PMID- 3161742 TI - Influence of renal failure on the kinetics of zimeldine and norzimelidine. AB - The kinetics of zimeldine (Z) and its demethylated metabolite, norzimelidine (NZ), were determined after administration of a single 200 mg oral dose of Z to 6 healthy volunteers (Group I), and to patients with mild (Group II) and severe renal failure (Group III). Z and NZ concentrations were assayed by HPLC in serial plasma and urine samples over 6 days following the dose. In Group I Z was rapidly absorbed and metabolized into NZ, and then the plasma concentrations declined with apparent elimination half-lives of 8.4 h and 24.9 h for Z and NZ respectively, whilst the renal clearance of both compounds was low, Z 15.7 ml/min and NZ 33.0 ml/min. The plasma level of Z differed little between Groups I and III, but the area under the curve was significantly higher in Group III than in Group I subjects (AUC0-144 = 17.3 and 6.8 mumol X l-1 X h, respectively). Severe renal failure did not affect the peak plasma concentration of NZ but it did significantly increase peak time, apparent elimination half-life, and the area under the plasma concentration curve. A significant inverse relationship was found between renal clearance of NZ and plasma creatinine. Since NZ is as pharmacologically potent as Z, the results suggest that the dose of Z should be reduced in patients with severe renal insufficiency. PMID- 3161743 TI - Age related antihypertensive effect of nitrendipine, a new calcium entry blocking agent. AB - The effect of nitrendipine 20 mg o.d., a new calcium entry blocker similar in structure to nifedipine, on blood pressure has been evaluated in 14 patients (aged 24-62 years) with uncomplicated mild or moderate arterial hypertension. A significant decrease both in systolic (160 +/- 12 at baseline vs 141 +/- 8 mm Hg, p less than 0.001) and diastolic (106 +/- 8 vs 93 +/- 3 mm Hg, p less than 0.001) blood pressure was observed at the end of 8 weeks of nitrendipine treatment. An inverse correlation was found between age and the reduction in diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.772, p less than 0.001 as absolute reduction; r = 0.791, p less than 0.001 as percentage reduction versus baseline). This peculiar characteristic differentiates the effect of nitrendipine from that of other calcium entry blockers, which appear to be more effective in older patients. PMID- 3161745 TI - A rapid isolation technique of unmodified human T cells on a polystyrene resin column. AB - An easy and rapid isolation technique of human T cells on a polystyrene resin particle column has been developed. The cells of the effluent fraction contained more than 90% sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) rosette-forming cells and less than 1% of cells bearing surface immunoglobulin (Ig) or peroxidase. The T cell (SRBC rosette forming cells) recovery rate was 80%. The distribution of OKT antigen T cell subsets was essentially the same as that of T cells separated by rosette sedimentation. Cell functions such as tritiated thymidine uptake by T cells and helper activity in Ig production were also the same as that of T cells separated by SRBC rosette sedimentation. Natural killer-like activity of the T cells isolated by the present method increased more than that of T cells obtained by the conventional method. Moreover, it was free from functional modification which tends to result from stimulation such as by the SRBC antigen in the SRBC centrifugation method. The combination of a T cell population offered by the present method and B cells depleted of SRBC-binding B cells minimized background plaque formation and enabled us to quantify the plaque-forming cell number in an antigen-specific plaque-forming assay. Furthermore, these populations produced relatively pure interleukin 2 (IL 2) by stimulation of an autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction without any absorption of IL 2 produced in the same culture. It seemed to be useful to evaluate the ability of lymphocytes from normal individuals and patients to produce IL 2. PMID- 3161744 TI - Involvement of T3 and T8 molecules in human T cell receptor function. Anti-T3 or anti-T8 antibodies do not block the antigen-dependent activation of a subset of alloreactive cytolytic T cell precursors. AB - In the present study, we have analyzed the effects of anti-T8 and anti-T3 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) on the generation of human allospecific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). A sensitive limiting dilution microculture system, in which graded numbers of responder T cells were added to 10(5) irradiated allogeneic spleen cells and saturating amounts of exogeneous interleukin 2, has been employed to provide minimal estimates of the frequencies of alloreactive CTL precursors (CTL-P) present in T lymphocyte populations freshly isolated from peripheral blood. Addition of anti-T8 or anti-T3 mAb at the onset of micro mixed lymphocyte culture containing peripheral blood T lymphocytes as responding cells caused a 65-80% reduction in the frequency of specific CTL-P which proliferate under these conditions. Moreover, in most instances (greater than 80%) the cytolytic activity of those CTL-P which underwent clonal expansion in the presence of either anti-T8 or anti-T3 mAb was found to be resistant to inhibition by the corresponding mAb added during the cytolytic assay. In addition, a great degree of overlap existed between microcultures resistant to anti-T3 and those resistant to anti-T8 mAb. In contrast, neither antibody had any inhibitory effect when added later to the cultures, presumably because at this stage CTL-P had been already triggered by alloantigens. Taken together our data indicate that the heterogeneity in the susceptibility to inhibition by anti-T3 or anti-T8 mAb, previously observed at the level of CTL clones, is predetermined already at the level of peripheral blood CTL-P. PMID- 3161746 TI - Involvement of T11 molecules in antigen receptor-mediated T lymphocyte functions: effect of anti-T11 monoclonal antibody on functional capabilities of alloreactive T cell clones. AB - As shown by previous studies, the sheep erythrocyte-binding T11 molecule is involved in T cell activation, as well as in mechanisms of specific allogeneic target cell lysis. In this study, we utilized two anti-T11 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that inhibited the specific cytolytic activity of mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)-activated T cells to analyze, at the clonal level, the involvement of T11 molecules in (a) antigen-specific vs. nonspecific mechanisms of target cell lysis, and (b) antigen-driven T cell proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL 2) production vs. IL 2-induced cell proliferation. In contrast to anti-T3 or anti-T8 mAb, antibodies to T11 molecules inhibited the cytolytic activity of MLC-derived allospecific clones in a uniform manner. In addition, anti-T11 antibodies inhibited the specific activity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones resistant to anti-T3 antibodies, even after antibody-induced modulation of T3 molecules (while anti-T3 mAb had no effect). Similarly, anti-T11 antibodies inhibited the alloantigen-induced proliferation and IL 2 release of alloreactive clones independent of their T4+ or T8+ phenotype. The inhibitory activity of anti-T11 antibodies appears to be confined to antigen-specific T cell functions since neither natural killer-like activity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones nor the IL 2-induced clonal proliferation was affected. Thus, our results indicate that T11 molecules are functionally involved in antigen recognition by T cell regardless of their function and T4/T8 phenotype. The possible mechanisms of anti-T11 antibody-mediated inhibition are discussed. PMID- 3161747 TI - Phytohemagglutinin binds to the 20-kDa molecule of the T3 complex. AB - Current findings have suggested that the T3 molecular complex is an essential antigenic signal transducer during T cell activation. Lectins, such as phytohemagglutinin (PHA), activate T cells nonspecifically. Conceivably, lectins may mediate their stimulatory action by affecting the T3 complex. In the present investigation we have studied the involvement of the T3 molecular complex in the PHA-mediated activation of T cells. We selectively modulated the surface expression of T3 molecules by anti-T3 antibody and subsequently tested the ability of the modulated cells to respond to PHA. Reduction of T3 expression by 70% resulted in 80% inhibition of the PHA response. This effect was specific for T3 since modulation of other T cell surface molecules (T4, T8) did not affect the PHA-induced mitogenesis. To determine if PHA could interact directly with the T3 complex, immunoblotting (Western blot) analyses of anti-T3 immunoprecipitates were performed. A 20-kDa member of the T3 complex reacted not only with the anti T3 antibody, but also with PHA itself. These results provide the first evidence for direct binding of PHA to one of the molecules of the T3 complex. The combined data suggest that a major pathway of PHA-induced T cell activation involves the T3 complex. Possible activation mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 3161748 TI - Disulfide-linked surface molecules of monoclonal antigen-specific suppressor T cells: evidence for T cell receptor structures. AB - By two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis under nonreducing/reducing conditions, five proteins with interchain disulfide bridges are revealed on the surface of the suppressor T cell lymphoma line LH8-105 obtained by radiation leukemia virus-induced transformation of hen egg-white lysozyme-specific suppressor T lymphocytes. Two disulfide-linked surface proteins expressed by LH8-105 cells have been positively identified by immunoprecipitation with specific antisera. The major labeled membrane protein of LH8-105 cells is the murine leukemia virus env glycoprotein gp70. The second disulfide-linked molecule identified on LH8-105 cells has a molecular mass of 84 kDa under nonreducing conditions and 42 kDa after reduction, and is immunoprecipitated by an antiserum which recognizes the T cell receptor for antigen. A disulfide-linked molecule of a similar molecular mass is also immunoprecipitated from surface labeled LH8-105 cells by a rabbit antiserum directed against a synthetic peptide predicted from the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding the beta chain constant region of a helper T cell hybridoma. Therefore, a dimeric structure comparable to the T cell receptor expressed by cytotoxic and helper T cells is present on the cell surface of these monoclonal antigen-specific suppressor T cells. PMID- 3161750 TI - Large macromolecules can be introduced into cultured mammalian cells using erythrocyte membrane vesicles. AB - Plasmid 6.4 kbp DNA, 14 kbp DNA, lambda phage particles, all of which contained herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) thymidine kinase (TK) gene, or IgM molecules, were mixed with erythrocyte membranes and treated with neutral detergent. The transparent mixture was diluted with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), followed by centrifugation to collect membrane vesicles containing the large macromolecules. 10-15% of 6.4 kbp, 3% of 14 kbp, 4-7% of the lambda phage particles and 14.5% of IgM were trapped within erythrocyte membrane vesicles. The membrane vesicles containing these molecules were fused with L cells, or rat F2408#20 cells, both of which are deficient in thymidine kinase activity. In each case, transformants were obtained. 2 X 10(5) - 7 X 10(5) phage PFU or 1.5 X 10(6) - 8 X 10(7) DNA molecules were required to obtain one transformant from L cells, but 2-3 X 10(7) phage PFU or 2 X 10(9) - 1 X 10(10) DNA molecules were required for one transformant from rat cells. Number of colonies which transiently expressed TK genes in L cells was also determined by autoradiography. The ratio of stable transformants to colonies positive for transient expression in cells treated with low doses of DNA or lambda phage was 46-68%. The transformation efficiency of human fibroblast cells by pSV2-gpt DNA trapped in erythrocyte membrane vesicles was less than that of L cells by HSV-TK DNA, but almost the same as that of rat cells by HSV-TK DNA. PMID- 3161749 TI - Localization and structure of snRNPs during mitosis. Immunofluorescent and biochemical studies. AB - The distribution of U snRNAs during mitosis was studied by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with snRNA cap-specific anti-m3G antibodies. Whereas the snRNAs are strictly nuclear at late prophase, they become distributed in the cell plasm at metaphase and anaphase. They re-enter the newly formed nuclei of the two daughter cells at early telophase, producing speckled nuclear fluorescent patterns typical of interphase cells. While the snRNAs become concentrated at the rim of the condensing chromosomes and at interchromosomal regions at late prophase, essentially no association of the snRNAs was observed with the condensed chromosomes during metaphase and anaphase. Independent immunofluorescent studies with anti-(U1)RNP autoantibodies, which react specifically with proteins unique to the U1 snRNP species, showed the same distribution of snRNP antigens during mitosis as was observed with the snRNA specific anti-m3G antibody. Immunoprecipitation studies with anti-(U1)RNP and anti-Sm autoantibodies, as well as protein analysis of snRNPs isolated from extracts of mitotic cells, demonstrate that the snRNAs remain associated in a specific manner with the same set of proteins during interphase and mitosis. The concept that the overall structure of the snRNPs is maintained during mitosis also applies to the coexistence of the snRNAs U4 and U6 in a single ribonucleoprotein complex. Particle sedimentation studies in sucrose gradients reveal that most of the snRNPs present in sonicates of mitotic cells do not sediment as free RNP particles, but remain associated with high molecular weight (HMW) structures other than chromatin, most probably with hnRNA/RNP. PMID- 3161751 TI - Magnesium-dependent conformational changes of membrane proteins are related to the Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity in cardiac sarcolemma. AB - Magnesium-induced enzymatic and structural changes of membrane-bound proteins in rat heart sarcolemma have been investigated. In the absence of ATP, increasing concentrations of magnesium within the range 0.1-10.0 mM gradually lowered the alpha-helix content of sarcolemmal proteins. The same magnesium concentrations stepwise activated the Mg2+-dependent ATPase in the presence of ATP. Mathematical and graphical analysis of the data yielded a quantitative relationship between magnesium-induced stimulation of the Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity and diminution of the alpha-helix content of membrane proteins in cardiac sarcolemma. PMID- 3161753 TI - Cooperative calcium binding and calmodulin regulation in the calcium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase purified from the erythrocyte membrane. AB - Calcium binding to calcium-dependent ATPase purified from erythrocyte membrane was assessed by measurements of the ATPase intrinsic fluorescence. Calcium binding isotherms obtained by fluorescence titration are identical to curves representing the Ca2+-concentration dependence of ATPase activity, and demonstrate that cooperativity is in fact a feature of the binding mechanism rather than an apparent effect of enzyme kinetics. Loss of cooperativity and a reduction of the ATPase affinity for calcium is observed at very low enzyme concentrations. This effect of enzyme dilution is prevented by calmodulin at 37 degrees C but not at 25 degrees C. It is suggested that calcium binding by erythrocyte-membrane ATPase is influenced by hydrophobic interactions of binding domains, exhibiting a dissociation constant between 10(-7) and 10(-8) M in the absence of calmodulin, at 37 degrees C and in a specific set of experimental conditions. The dissociation constant is decreased by calmodulin. PMID- 3161752 TI - Equilibrium between monomers and oligomers of soluble Ca2+-ATPase during the functional cycle. AB - Molecular sieve HPLC shows that soluble sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase at low concentrations of the non-ionic detergent octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether exists as monomers in equilibrium with dimers and higher oligomers. Binding of vanadate or ATP as well as phosphoenzyme turnover shifts the equilibrium towards the monomer. This suggests that the Ca2+-pump cycle can occur without transient self-association of Ca2+-ATPase peptides. PMID- 3161754 TI - [Paramedical workers of the Byelorussian SSR and their training during World War II]. PMID- 3161755 TI - [Organization of the planned immunoprophylaxis of college students and of pupils in special secondary educational institutions]. PMID- 3161756 TI - [Electrocardiographic tests]. PMID- 3161757 TI - "The leader of the band is tired ... PMID- 3161759 TI - Report of a family with mal de Meleda in Taiwan: a clinical, histopathological and immunological study. AB - A family in Taiwan is reported to have Mal de Meleda with possibly autosomal recessive inheritance among 5 of its members. The glove- and sock-like erythrokeratosis and the hyperkeratotic plaques of the knees and elbows are the common features. Erythema of the nose, cheeks, and the perioral area in 4 affected members, actinic elastosis in 2 severely affected members, and partially impaired cell-mediated immunity in vitro in both affected and unaffected members are notable findings. Tigason (etretinate) treatment was beneficial in regard to hyperkeratinization, but not to erythema. PMID- 3161758 TI - Acute effects of bromocriptine on gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - Thirty-two women presenting with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) were studied on 3 consecutive days. On day 1, plasma androstenedione, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17 OHP), estrone (E1), estradiol, serum prolactin (PRL), and PRL response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone were determined. On day 2 the patients were given two placebos at 1-hour intervals; then serum PRL, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the LH and FSH responses to LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) were determined. On day 3 the patients were given two 2.5-mg tablets of bromocriptine (BRCR) at 12-hour intervals; then serum PRL, LH, and FSH and the LH and FSH responses to LH-RH were again determined. After BRCR, mean values of basal serum PRL (P less than 0.001), LH (P less than 0.05), and FSH (P less than 0.001) and the FSH response to LH-RH (P less than 0.01) fell with respect to the values determined on day 2. Our group of patients was heterogeneous regarding the effects of BRCR upon the LH response to LH-RH. Of 32 women undergoing the trial, 17 did not respond to BRCR (change of the LH response to LH-RH less than 33% with respect to day 2). They were called "nonresponders." Among the 15 who responded to BRCR, 10 decreased their LH response greater than or equal to 33% ("decreasers") and 5 increased their LH response greater than or equal to 33% ("increasers"). Decreasers had mean values of serum PRL, plasma E1, DHEA-S, and 17-OHP higher than nonresponders (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3161760 TI - Fixed drug eruption due to a drug combination but not to its constituents. AB - A fixed drug eruption due to a paracetamol-chlormezanone combination but not to either drug separately is described. PMID- 3161761 TI - Acrokeratoelastoidosis: a spectrum of diseases. AB - Two familial cases of acrokeratoelastoidosis (AKE) are reported. As a quite uncommon feature, both showed a distinct violaceous hue in addition to the characteristic clinicopathological changes. Furthermore a case of keratoelastoidosis marginalis of the hands, also showing involvement of the feet, is described. This latter syndrome may cause confusion with AKE, but appears to be a separate entity. The classification of AKE is discussed. It is suggested that AKE is a syndrome with a broad spectrum of clinical and histological abnormalities. PMID- 3161763 TI - Purification and properties of beta-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase from boar seminal plasma. AB - beta-N-Acetyl-D-hexosaminidase has been purified ca. 190-fold to homogeneity from boar seminal plasma. It catalyzed the hydrolysis of the p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl derivatives of both beta-D-glucosaminide and beta-D-galactosaminide but was inactive with the o- or p-nitrophenyl glycosides of other monosaccharides. Its pH optimum was 4.5 and its KM was 1.5 mM with p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D glucosamide as substrate. The enzyme was inhibited by mercuribenzoate compounds but not by iodoacetamide, 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide, methylmethane thiosulfonate, nor N-ethylmaleimide. The active enzyme had mol. wt ca. 250,000 by Sephacryl S 300 chromatography. SDS electrophoresis showed single bands corresponding to subunit mol. wts ca. 62,000 and 107,000 depending on whether the enzyme had been denatured in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol or not. These data suggest that the enzyme is a tetramer of identical subunits, pairs of which are held together by disulfide bonds. PMID- 3161764 TI - Correlation between Ca2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activity and Ca2+ uptake in microsomal fraction of rat submandibular gland. AB - Both the Ca2+-ATPase activity and the Ca2+ uptake in a microsomal fraction of rat submandibular gland were inhibited by the addition of indomethacin in vitro. The decrease of both the Ca2+-ATPase activity and the Ca2+ uptake caused by the drug closely paralleled each other (r = 0.97). The inhibitory manner of indomethacin on Ca2+-ATPase and Ca2+ uptake was noncompetitive for Ca2+. These results suggest that the Ca2+-ATPase in the microsomal fraction of rat submandibular gland is a Ca2+ pump in this tissue. PMID- 3161765 TI - Mitochondrial myopathies: defects in beta-oxidation. PMID- 3161762 TI - Effects of desogestrel, levonorgestrel and lynestrenol on serum sex hormone binding globulin, cortisol binding globulin, ceruloplasmin and HDL-cholesterol. AB - The effects of 0.125 mg daily doses of the new progestagen, desogestrel, 0.125 mg of levonorgestrel or 5 mg of lynestrenol on serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), cortisol binding globulin (CBG), ceruloplasmin and HDL-cholesterol were studied in 30 healthy female volunteers to compare the possible androgenic and oestrogenic effects of these contraceptive steroids in vivo. All the progestagens in the applied dosages decreased SHBG and HDL-cholesterol concentrations, suggesting some androgenicity. Lynestrenol increased ceruloplasmin and CBG concentrations, indicating weak oestrogenic effects of the steroid. During desogestrel treatments, CBG and ceruloplasmin concentrations remained unchanged. After 30 days treatment with levonorgestrel there was a slight decrease (P less than 0.05) in ceruloplasmin concentrations. Thirty days after finishing the progestagen treatments serum protein concentrations were normal. In conclusion, at the doses used and under the present test conditions the progestagens studied had a weak androgen-like effect and lynestrenol also showed weak oestrogenic activity, as determined by their effects on serum proteins. PMID- 3161766 TI - On the question of stable activation by glucagon of mitochondrial functions. PMID- 3161768 TI - Specific innervation of muscle fiber types in a developmentally polyinnervated muscle. AB - In neonatal rabbit soleus muscle, different motor units were found to contract with widely varying time courses. Analysis of these data suggest that individual motor units are largely homogeneous for muscle fiber type despite the presence of extensive polyinnervation at birth. We suggest that (1) neonatal motor neurons are effectively differentiated into specific types insofar as they preferentially innervate muscle fibers which give rise to different contraction times, and (2) muscle fibers begin their physiological differentiation into twitch types while still polyinnervated. Possible mechanisms underlying the development of a specific pattern of neuromuscular innervation are discussed. PMID- 3161767 TI - The relationship of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to the chondrogenic differentiation of limb mesenchymal cells. AB - The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) content of mesenchymal cells from the embryonic chick limb has been hypothesized to control the differentiation of these cells by modulation of ADP-ribosylations. To test this hypothesis, [35S]sulfate incorporation into proteoglycans was monitored as an estimate of the chondrogenic expression of cultured limb mesenchymal cells treated with nicotinamide and nicotinic acid to elevate cellular NAD levels or with nicotinamide and benzamide compounds to inhibit ADP-ribosylations. The results of this study indicated that serum component(s) modulate the interactions between these chemical agents and limb mesenchymal cells and, thus, complicate the interpretations of experiments performed in the presence of serum. With a chemically defined medium that promotes limb mesenchymal cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro, it was demonstrated that: (1) no clear correlation exists between cellular NAD content and the chondrogenic expression of cultured limb mesenchymal cells, (2) nicotinamide and benzamide compounds reduce cell proliferation and, at the higher doses tested, considerably reduce chondrogenesis in limb mesenchymal cell cultures, and (3) limb mesenchymal cells exhibit an enhanced susceptibility to benzamide compounds at a time very early in the culture period which temporally coincides with a transient increase in cellular ADP-ribosylation activity and initial chondrogenic differentiation. These results suggest that NAD does not control the differentiation of limb mesenchymal cells and that ADP-ribosylations are an integral, though not controlling, component of limb mesenchyme cytodifferentiation. A model is presented which proposes a role for ADP-ribosylations during the differentiation of limb mesenchymal cells. PMID- 3161770 TI - Contractures and their therapy. PMID- 3161769 TI - Structure, function, and immune properties of reassociated islet cells. AB - Rat islets were mechanically dissociated to single cells and allowed to form aggregates by rotation-mediated cell-cell interaction. The aggregates, or neoislets, demonstrated insulin release in response to 20 mM glucose and 10 mM theophylline that was comparable to that of intact islets cultured for a similar time. However, basal insulin release was considerably greater than that from freshly isolated islets. The microscopic structure of the neoislets revealed sorting into a B-cell domain at the surface with A-cells interior to the aggregate. The neoislets generated no mitogenic response in allogeneic lymph node lymphocytes. Reassociation of single islet cells provides stable, functional endocrine units with substantial reduction of immunogenicity. PMID- 3161771 TI - The health and social needs of physically handicapped young adults: are they being met by the statutory services? PMID- 3161772 TI - Induction of rat liver bilirubin-conjugating enzymes and glutathione S transferase by rifampicin. AB - After oral administration of rifampicin and 25-desacetylrifampicin, which is a major metabolite of rifampicin in man but not in rat, to male Wister rats for 7 days, hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5, and activities of aniline hydroxylase, aminopyrine demethylase, bilirubin-conjugating enzymes and supernatant glutathione S-transferase were measured. Rifampicin induced bilirubin UDP-glucuronyltransferase, bilirubin UDP-glucosyltransferase, bilirubin UDP xylosyltransferase and glutathione S-transferase activities, but did not induce mixed function oxidase activities. No inductive effect of desacetylrifampicin on any enzymes was observed. Serum bilirubin increased till the third day, and decreased after 7 days of rifampicin treatment. Plasma clearances of indocyanine green and sulfobromophthalein showed a marked delay after 1 day and 7 days of rifampicin treatment. Induction of bilirubin-conjugating enzymes and glutathione S-transferase by rifampicin in rats was different from that in humans, in which selective induction of mixed function oxidase is reported to occur. This species difference does not seem to be derived from the species difference of rifampicin metabolism, because no effect of desacetylrifampicin was observed. These results suggested that in rats rifampicin directly inhibits the hepatic excretion of bilirubin, whereas it enhances bilirubin conjugation due to enzyme induction. PMID- 3161774 TI - Bond and rebond strengths of Silux and acid-etched enamel. PMID- 3161773 TI - Microleakage with a dentin-bonding agent. PMID- 3161775 TI - The dental patient on anticoagulant therapy: precautions and guidelines. PMID- 3161776 TI - Behaviour of cardiac microsomal Ca2+ pump under conditions that may simulate pathological situations. AB - The behaviour of Ca2+ ATPase activity in relation to Ca2+ transport process was studied under different experimental conditions in canine cardiac microsomal fraction predominantly containing sarcoplasmic reticulum. The total Ca2+ concentration required for half maximal activation (Ka) of microsomal Ca2+ ATPase and Ca2+ uptake did not differ significantly, unless 0.1 mmol/l EGTA was present in the incubation media. Pretreatment of cardiac microsomes with membrane disruptive agents like phospholipase A, trypsin as well as deoxycholate strongly increased (2-3 fold) Ca2+ ATPase activity but uptake rate of Ca2+ declined. Only in phospholipase C and beta-glucuronidase pretreatment, a parallel decrease of Ca2+ ATPase and uptake was observed. In presence of excess (free)Ca2+ (greater than 10 mumol/l) both Ca2+ ATPase as well as Ca2+ uptake were inhibited, however, Ca2+ binding process remained unaltered. Likewise, low pH completely altered the relation between Ca2+ binding and ATPase activity; whereas Ca2+ ATPase was inhibited, Ca2+ binding did not change. Our present data provide evidence for some cellular factors that may be involved in producing uncoupling of microsomal Ca2+ ATPase from Ca2+ accumulation process that was previously observed in various pathological situations. PMID- 3161777 TI - Alterations of contractility and sarcoplasmic reticulum function of rat heart in experimental hypo- and hyperthyroidism. AB - Myocardial contractility and Ca2+-pump function of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) were studied on hearts of untreated, thyroidectomized and thyroxine-treated rats. In hypothyroid rats the contractile force, the maximum velocity of tension development and relaxation significantly decreased (by 73.2%, 68.2%; and 67.8%, respectively), while the time to peak tension was prolonged (by 25.9%) as compared with the control group. In hyperthyroidism opposite changes were found. Since the transport of calcium opposite changes were found. Since the transport of calcium by SR plays an important role in controlling contraction and, first of all, relaxation of muscle, function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum was also investigated under the above experimental conditions. In thyroidectomized rats the rate of Ca2+-uptake and Ca2+-activated ATPase activity of SR significantly decreased (by 31.7% and 61.0%, respectively), while Ca2+-binding remained unchanged. After thyroxine treatment both the Ca2+-uptake and binding capacity of SR were even decreased (by 25.6% and 12.9%, respectively), in spite of an increase in Ca2+-activated ATPase activity (by 67.3%). These changes in Ca2+ transport function of cardiac SR may only partially be responsible for the abnormalities in contraction and relaxation observed in hearts from hypo- and hyperthyroid rats. PMID- 3161779 TI - [Medical genetic study of the population of Turkmenia. VI. Intrapopulation variability from an analysis of marriage migrations and ABO and Hp marker systems]. AB - By the sampling procedure, the distribution of phenotypic and genotypic frequencies of ABO and Hp systems and the structure of intermarriage migration in Turkmen population was studied. The geographical subdivision of the Turkmen population coincided with its ethnic divergency. The main Turkmen tribes are highly isolated (the gametic index is 0.965 to 1.0) and the differences in gene frequencies between tribes are significant. The mean gene frequencies for the ABO system in the Turkmen population are: I0-0.5373, IA-0.2601, IB-0.2025, these being Hp1-0.284, Hp2-0.716 for the Hp system. PMID- 3161780 TI - [Genetic demographic study of an urban sample of Turkmen-teke with behavioral abnormalities]. AB - Genetic and demographic studies of urban sample of Turkmen-teke (Ashkhabad city) were performed among probands-36 patients with diagnosis of "schizophrenia" and their 840 relatives. Clinical analysis revealed 27.8% of phenocopies. In other 26 families the genealogical analysis showed autosomal-dominant (12 families), probably, autosomal-dominant (9 families) as well as autosomal-recessive (3 families) types of inheritance of pathology, in two families the type being not established. The empiric risk of affection was determined to be 24.2% for parents, 75.5% for sibs and 33.3% for children. Mean number of children per one woman is 3.53, which is significantly lower than mean populational number (6.17). High level of endogamy of the urban sample tested is established, the total coefficient of inbreeding being 0.009856; grandparents of the probands appeared to be exclusively of rural origin. The negative action of selection (decreased fitness), preferentially monogenic type of heredity and high level of endogamy are discussed as factors providing broad hereditary heterogeneity of schizophrenia. PMID- 3161778 TI - Quantitative relationship between the protein secondary structure in cardiac sarcolemma and the activity of the membrane-bound Ca2+-ATPase. AB - In the absence of ATP, increasing concentrations of calcium within a range between 0.1--8.0 mmol . 1(-1) gradually lowered the alpha-helix content of proteins in rat heart sarcolemma requiring no energy supply. In the presence of ATP, similar concentrations of calcium stepwise activated the sarcolemmal low affinity Ca2+-ATPase. A mathematical analysis of the data obtained revealed a quantitative relationship between calcium-induced stimulation of the Ca2+-ATPase activity and a diminution of the alpha-helix contents of membrane proteins in cardiac sarcolemma. The cooperation between changes in protein conformation and energy consumption in relation to the supposed role of low-affinity Ca2+-ATPase in gating the calcium channel are discussed. PMID- 3161781 TI - Effect of phosphate levels on the synthesis of acid phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.2) in Neurospora crassa. PMID- 3161782 TI - Tests of hypotheses on recombination frequencies. PMID- 3161783 TI - Cloning of the newt Pleurodeles waltlii chromosomal DNA. AB - Pleurodeles waltlii genomic DNA has been cloned using several phage lambda vectors. We have isolated approx. 600 000 clones, which correspond to about 20% of the total DNA sequences of this organism. This constitutes the first large gene library of a Urodele. The low yield of cloning was attributable to the abundance of highly repetitive sequences, since recombinations in the bacterial host could lead to the loss of clones. Indeed, the existence of highly repetitive sequences was directly demonstrated by hybridization between recombinants and the total genome, and some of the cloned DNA was found to be unstable. We suggest new methods for cloning the highly repetitive sequences. PMID- 3161784 TI - Isolation and characterization of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - To investigate the molecular basis of dosage compensation in Drosophila, a recombinant lambda phage containing the Drosophila melanogaster glucose-6 phosphatase dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene was isolated by differential screening of a Drosophila genomic lambda library with poly(A)+RNA obtained from polyribosomes enriched for or depleted of G6PD mRNA sequences. Of 44 000 plaques screened, a single phage, lambda DmG21, showed hybridization with the enriched poly(A)+RNA but not the depleted one. Confirmation that the Drosophila DNA fragment cloned in lambda DmG21 contains the G6PD gene sequence is based on the following observations. lambda DmG21 DNA shows hybridization only to the 18D region of the salivary gland X-chromosome, which is the known cytological locus for the G6PD gene. In vitro translation of the poly(A)+mRNA selected by hybridization to lambda DmG21 DNA sequences shows a polypeptide product of apparent Mr 55 000, identical to that of the monomeric unit of G6PD. When the putative coding sequence of G6PD is cloned into the expression vector lambda gt11, recombinant plaques are recognized by anti-G6PD immunoglobulin. A transcriptional map of the G6PD gene shows that it is divided into two exons, 0.9 kb (exon I) and 1.8 kb (exon II) long, which are separated by a 2.4-kb intron. The G6PD mRNA is 2.0 kb in length and the steady-state level of the mRNA is similar in both sexes. Measurement of the copy number of the G6PD gene in males and females shows the gene to be present once per X-chromosome in both sexes. No amplification of the gene sequence was observed in males. These results are, therefore, in agreement with the previous suggestion that dosage compensation is the result of enhanced transcription of X-linked genes in males. PMID- 3161785 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of noise levels in residential areas]. PMID- 3161787 TI - [Effect of various factors of communal hygiene on the incidence of abdominal typhus among the population]. PMID- 3161786 TI - [Hygienic aspects of using cottonseed protein in diets]. PMID- 3161788 TI - [Sanitary and hygienic control of nutrition in the armies of the Western and 3d Byelorussian fronts during World War II]. PMID- 3161789 TI - [A method of determining the degree of physical development of population groups]. PMID- 3161790 TI - [Sanitary conditions of the water supply during the siege of Leningrad]. PMID- 3161791 TI - [Socio-hygienic study of the health status of frequently ill preschool children]. PMID- 3161792 TI - [Replacing the carcinogenic agent benzidine with a safe reagent for sanitary control]. PMID- 3161793 TI - [Dynamics of physical development of girls in Penza]. PMID- 3161794 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the daily curriculum of preparatory school pupils]. PMID- 3161795 TI - [Life style of preschool children and their families]. PMID- 3161796 TI - [Experience in using physicochemical research methods in practical health inspections]. PMID- 3161798 TI - Toward a definition of alternatives to institutionalization for the frail elderly. PMID- 3161797 TI - [Physical development of newborn infants in a number of cities in Kazakhstan]. PMID- 3161799 TI - Attitudes toward old age: a hierarchical study. PMID- 3161801 TI - [Removal of the dust from the air of the work area in the dressing plant of the Iultinskii Ore Enrichment Combine]. PMID- 3161800 TI - [Acid and alkaline phosphatase activity of blood neutrophils in the workers in a synthetic rubber plant]. PMID- 3161802 TI - [Hygienists in the days of the Leningrad blockade]. PMID- 3161803 TI - [State of the nervous system in subjects with allergic symptoms and in occupational contact with synthetic fibers]. PMID- 3161804 TI - [State of the nervous system in subjects with allergic manifestations having occupational contact with synthetic fibers]. PMID- 3161805 TI - Beta-hexosaminidase isoenzyme I: an early marker of hematopoietic malignancy. PMID- 3161806 TI - Differentiation capacity of null-AL(L) cells in culture. PMID- 3161807 TI - Validity and limitations of ultrasonography in monitoring therapeutic response in ovarian carcinoma. AB - The effectiveness of ultrasound in the follow-up of tumor masses during chemotherapy was investigated over a period of 3 years in 74 patients with proven ovarian cancer. 47 had stage 3 disease, and 22 showed recurrence. Two or more examinations were performed in 65% of the patient. A correlation with surgical second look showed a correct diagnosis in 67.6%. The results of ultrasonographic follow-up when compared with clinical monitoring showed 75% concordant judgments on the therapeutical tumor response. The validity and limitations of this technique are discussed. PMID- 3161809 TI - Appropriate milieu for the assay of alpha-2-antiplasmin activity with chromogenic substrates. AB - Inhibition reference curves for alpha 2-antiplasmin showed a deviation from linearity at low inhibitor concentrations using the chromogenic substrate S-2251. Extrapolation of these curves to zero inhibition gave higher amidolytic activities than actually recorded with the free enzyme plasmin. It was further found that comparison of purified alpha 2-antiplasmin and that in plasma was prevented by the deviation. The difference between calculated and measured plasmin activity could not be attributed to instability of plasmin. It was established that the observations (1) were specific for high concentrations of S 2251, (2) were not the same with another plasmin substrate, chromozym PL, and (3) were related to the addition of plasma proteins. Apparently, the problem was related to the solubility state of S-2251. A solution to this problem is the addition of nonionic detergents, notably Tween 80 (0.01%) or Triton X-100 (0.03%), which prevent all deviations. PMID- 3161808 TI - Inhibitory effect of a new synthetic protease inhibitor (FUT-175) on the coagulation system. AB - The inhibitory effects of 6-amidino-2-naphthyl-4-guanidinobenzoate X dimethanesulfonate (FUT-175) on the human Hageman factor fragment (HFf), factor Xa, thrombin, plasma kallikrein, and plasmin were studied. FUT-175 inhibited plasma kallikrein most (IC50 = 3.0 X 10(-9) M), followed by HFf (IC50 = 3.3 X 10( 7) M). FUT-175 was found to have an anticoagulant effect in the APTT and PT assay systems of human plasma. The concentration of FUT-175 for twofold increase in the clotting time in the APTT assay system was 5 X 10(-7) M. PMID- 3161810 TI - Effect of dialysable leukocyte extract on the mononuclear leukocytes in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Therapy with dialysable leukocyte extract repeated 6 times, had a beneficial effect on the impaired functions of mononuclear leukocytes in Hodgkin's disease. The decreased phagocytosis and chemotaxis of monocytes increased almost to the values of healthy controls. There was no significant change in the C3b receptor activity of the patients' monocytes but their pathologically increased EA rosette formation showed some correction during dialysable leukocyte extract therapy. The number of T cells bearing histamine and IgG Fc receptors was reduced initially and increased during therapy but this effect was only temporary. The results suggest that the stimulating effect of dialysable leukocyte extract on cellular immunity was due partly to the correction of mononuclear phagocyte functions rather than an effect on lymphocyte subpopulations in Hodgkin's disease. The beneficial effect of transfer factor on mononuclear phagocyte function may affect the rate of tumour progression and reduce the number of severe infections in patients with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3161811 TI - [Studies on the biotransformation and anti-ulcer effects of 2 (nicotinoylaminoethanesulfonylamino)pyridine]. AB - Investigations were made of 2-(nicotinoylaminoethanesulfonylamino)pyridine (NTP), a new compound with anti-ulcer effects, to clarify the relationship between its biotransformation and pharmacological effects. The effect of NTP was investigated by using two types of experimental gastric ulcer models in rats. The anti-ulcer effect was revealed to be an action of NTP itself. In order to study the biotransformation of NTP, a quantitative analysis method by HPLC was established. When NTP was orally administered to rabbits, 2-(aminoethanesulfonylamino)pyridine (TP), which is a metabolite of NTP, appeared in plasma and lymph. When NTP was orally administered to rabbits to investigate its distribution in organs, a massive amount of NTP and TP appeared in various organs within 7 hr after administration. We conclude that the pharmacological effect of NTP appears to be associated mainly with the unchanged substance. PMID- 3161812 TI - Effects of various drugs on thyrotropin secretion in rats. AB - The effects of alpha-neoendorphin, kyotorphin, melatonin or diphenylhydantoin (DPH) on thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyrotropin (TSH) release in rats were studied. alpha-neoendorphin (1.0 mg/kg), kyotorphin (1.0 mg/kg), melatonin (2.5 mg/kg) or DPH (75 mg/kg) was injected iv or ip, and the rats were serially decapitated. TRH, TSH and thyroid hormone were determined by radioimmunoassay. The hypothalamic immunoreactive (ir-TRH) contents decreased significantly after melatonin injection, but not after alpha-neoendorphin, kyotorphin or DPH. The plasma ir-TRH concentrations decreased significantly after DPH injection, but not after alpha-neoendorphin, kyotorphin or melatonin. The plasma TSH levels decreased significantly in a dose-related manner with a nadir at 10 min. after melatonin, at 30 min. after DPH and at 40 min. after alpha neoendorphin or kyotorphin injection. The plasma thyroid hormone levels did not change significantly after these drugs injection. The plasma ir-TRH and TSH responses to cold were inhibited by these drugs, but the plasma TSH response to TRH was not influenced. In the L-DOPA- or 5-hydroxy-tryptophan (5-HTP)-pretreated group, the inhibitory effect of alpha-neoendorphin or kyotorphin on TSH levels was prevented, but not in the haloperidol- or para-chloprophenylalanine (PCPA)- pretreated group. In the haloperidol- or PCPA-pretreated group, the inhibitory effect of melatonin on TSH levels was prevented, but not in the L-DOPA- or 5-HTP pretreated group. These drugs alone did not affect plasma TSH levels in terms of the dose used. The inactivation of TRH immunoreactivity by hypothalamus or plasma in vitro after these drugs injection did not differ from that of the control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3161813 TI - Estrogen and progestin effects on urinary calcium and calciotropic hormones in surgically-induced postmenopausal women. AB - Seventeen surgically-induced postmenopausal (PM) women were randomized to receive either 0.625 mg of conjugated estrogens (CE) daily or 150 mg of intramuscular depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) every 3 months. Urinary calcium/creatinine ratios were significantly higher than ratios of premenopausal controls before treatment, but were lower in all patients 2 months after both types of treatment. Compared to controls, all PM patients had similar levels of serum PTH and 25 hydroxy vitamin D before and after treatment. As a group, PM patients had lower levels of 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D. In 5 patients who had levels which were below the normal range, 3 were treated with CE and 2 received DMPA. These patients all had significant increases in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D after treatment. Serum calcitonin did not change with either CE or DMPA treatment. These data suggest that, while both CE and DMPA lower calcium excretion in PM women, the mechanism(s) for the effects of hormonal treatment on bone resorption remain unsettled. PMID- 3161814 TI - Evidence for serotoninergic control of exercise-induced prolactin secretion. PMID- 3161815 TI - Regulation of the human immune response to HBsAg: effects of antibodies and antigen conformation in the stimulation of helper T cells by HBsAg. AB - The role of accessory cells (antigen-presenting cells) in binding HBsAg in the response of human T cells to this antigen was studied. Antibodies to HBsAg of IgG class increased significantly the amount of HBsAg that was captured and internalized by accessory cells in vitro. On the other hand, antibodies to HBsAg of IgM class or the F(ab')2 and Fab fragments of antibodies to HBsAg of IgG class did not modify the amount of HBsAg associated to these cells. HBsAg that was subjected to various denaturing treatments (acid, organic solvents, urea and heat) was compared for its capacity to react with antibody to HBsAg and stimulate the response of helper T lymphocytes. Results presented here indicate that HBsAg denatured by treatment with formic acid was captured by accessory cells and presented to the T cells much more efficiently than the native HBsAg. These results suggest that the response of helper T lymphocytes to some antigens such as HBsAg can be affected greatly by the presence of antibodies or the antigens' conformation. PMID- 3161817 TI - Characterization of adenosine triphosphatase from Rhizobium japonicum. PMID- 3161816 TI - Histologic response of normal human endometrium to steroid hormones in athymic mice. AB - Despite the widespread use of hormonal therapy for menopausal symptoms, oral contraception, and treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma, information concerning the histologic and biologic effects of individual sex steroids on the human endometrium remains incomplete. Repetitive endometrial biopsy is impractical, and ethical constraints limit the dosage and duration of administration for some steroids. The ovariectomized athymic mouse was investigated as a host for human endometrium in which the hormonal milieu may be manipulated and the histologic response determined. Minced proliferative-phase endometrium from hysterectomy specimens of normally cycling women was inserted into the subcutis of 4- to 6-week-old mice. Proliferation of endometrial gland cells occurred in the transplanted endometrium of estradiol-treated mice, while the complete sequence of secretory-phase events, including subnuclear vacuolization, luminal secretion, and decidualization of stroma, was observed during a 14-day period of treatment with estradiol and progestin (medroxyprogesterone acetate). Progestin treatment alone also caused secretory phase changes, but the response was delayed and appeared weaker. The transplanted endometrium in control mice appeared to be inactive. These observations provide support for the use of this model to study the histologic response of human endometrium to sex steroids. PMID- 3161818 TI - [Richner-Hanhart syndrome (tyrosinemia II)]. PMID- 3161819 TI - [Dermatitis caused by glues. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 3161821 TI - Spleen cell populations in normal and tumor-bearing hamsters. AB - Spleen cell subpopulations from normal and tumor-bearing hamsters (TBH) were quantified using Petri dishes coated with specific antibodies, and by flow cytometric immunofluorescence analysis. The relative numbers of T cells (Thy + cells) decreased, by both methods, as a function of tumor growth, while the number of B cells (bearing surface Ig) increased. Cells without T or B markers (null cells) were more numerous in the spleen of TBH and a large number of them expressed the receptor for the Fc fragment of IgG. Splenic cells were also sorted according to their light-scattering properties, and electron microscopic analysis was performed on the sorted fractions. It showed the presence of secreting plasmocytes and activated macrophages in the spleen of TBH. PMID- 3161820 TI - [Effect of oral administration of haptens in sensitized subjects with contact allergic eczema. I). Up-date]. PMID- 3161822 TI - T helper and T suppressor cells are restricted by the A and E molecules, respectively, in the F antigen system. AB - The role of the A and E molecules as restriction elements was examined in the F antigen system. In the mouse the only responder haplotype known to date is k, and blocking studies with a monoclonal antibody show that in vitro T-cell proliferation is restricted by the Ak molecule. The (CBA X DBA/2)F1 hybrid, which is a responder X nonresponder cross, is itself a nonresponder in terms of F specific antibody production. Up to 10 days after priming, (CBA X DBA/2)F1 T cells exhibited an F-specific proliferative response, but this diminished rapidly at later times. This diminution could be blocked with an E-specific monoclonal antibody, suggesting that suppression is restricted by the E molecule. PMID- 3161824 TI - Atrial natriuretic factor in Dahl rats. Atrial content and renal and aortic responses. AB - Inbred Dahl salt-sensitive rats had a higher content of atrial natriuretic factor by bioassay in their atria than did inbred Dahl salt-resistant rats. This finding was true both in young 1- to 2-month-old rats, when blood pressure differences between strains were small, and in 7-month-old rats, when blood pressure differences were marked. Atria from salt-sensitive rats had more atrial natriuretic factor than did atria from salt-resistant rats when the rats were fed either low (0.3% NaCl) or high (8% NaCl) salt diet, but a high salt diet suppressed the atrial content of atrial natriuretic factor equally in both strains. In young, prehypertensive salt-sensitive rats, intravenous injections of atrial natriuretic factor caused significantly less natriuresis and diuresis than in salt-resistant rats (p less than 0.05). As the rats aged and salt-sensitive rats became markedly hypertensive, the strain responses to atrial natriuretic factor were reversed, that is, the salt-sensitive rats became more sensitive to atrial natriuretic factor than did the salt-resistant rats. Aortic vascular smooth muscle response to contraction with KCl was equally inhibited in both strains by atrial extracts or atriopeptin II. Thus, the salt-sensitive rat renal hyporesponsiveness to atrial natriuretic factor was not associated with a generalized hyporesponsiveness of vascular tissue to atrial natriuretic factor. It is argued that salt-sensitive rats could have two defects relating to atrial natriuretic factor, one involving hyporesponsive kidneys and another involving decreased release of atrial natriuretic factor from the atria. PMID- 3161823 TI - Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty in nonatherosclerotic renovascular hypertension. Long-term results. AB - Nineteen stenotic arteries in 16 patients with severe renovascular hypertension of nonatherosclerotic nature (fibromuscular dysplasia in 13, neurofibromatosis in 3) were treated with percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty. The procedure was technically successful in 12 of 14 (86%) stenoses in the fibromuscular dysplasia subgroup but in only one of five (20%) lesions in the neurofibromatosis subgroup. Hypertension was abated (3 patients) or disappeared (8 patients) in 11 of the 12 (92%) patients with fibromuscular dysplasia who had a technically successful angioplasty, an effect that was sustained at latest follow-up (avg, 37 mo; range, 10-73 mo). The only complication encountered was a retroperitoneal hematoma that resolved uneventfully. Coupled with those from other centers, the results of the present study indicate that angioplasty offers a strong potential for curability in patients with renovascular hypertension caused by fibromuscular dysplasia and that percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty should be considered the treatment of choice for the initial management of all patients with fibromuscular renovascular hypertension. PMID- 3161826 TI - Mental health status of parents of physically handicapped children. PMID- 3161825 TI - Effects of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide in essential hypertension. AB - Because there is little published information on the effects of atrial peptides in hypertensive humans, 100 micrograms of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide was injected intravenously into six patients with essential hypertension in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study under standardized conditions of body posture and dietary sodium and potassium intake. The peptide increased urine sodium excretion sixfold in the first 30 minutes. Smaller increments occurred in urine volume and in calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus excretion; the rise in urine potassium concentration was not statistically significant. Most of these indices returned to time-matched placebo values within 1 hour, but urine sodium excretion remained high for 2 1/2 hours. Arterial pressure fell within 2 minutes of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide injection, then returned to matching placebo levels by 10 minutes. Conversely, heart rate increased rapidly and remained elevated for 3 hours. The peptide induced a prompt, brief rise in plasma norepinephrine concentration and a more sustained fall in epinephrine and aldosterone levels, but it did not affect plasma renin activity or cortisol concentration. Compared with normotensive volunteers studied previously under the same conditions, the hypertensive subjects had a greater response in urine volume and sodium, calcium, and magnesium excretion but a less sustained fall in arterial pressure. PMID- 3161827 TI - Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. PMID- 3161828 TI - [Paraclinical exploration of abdominal contents]. PMID- 3161829 TI - [The Doppler vascular test]. PMID- 3161831 TI - Regulation of egg antigen-induced in vitro proliferative response by splenic suppressor T cells in murine Schistosoma japonicum infection. AB - Beginning about 5 weeks after infection, C57BL/6J mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum developed granulomas around parasite eggs trapped in the liver. These granulomas attained peak size about 9 weeks after infection and then spontaneously regressed. This regression was also induced by the injection of serum immunoglobulin G1 but not lymphoid cells from chronically infected mice, but it was conceivable that lymphoid cells from mice infected for 10 weeks could also induce regression. We investigated the possibility of cellular suppression of egg antigen-induced immune responses by coculturing spleen cells from 5- to 6 week-infected mice with spleen cells from mice infected for 10 weeks or longer. Mitomycin C-resistant Thy 1.2+, Lyt 2.2+ splenic T cells from mice infected for 10 to 25 weeks consistently suppressed the egg antigen-stimulated proliferation of spleen cells from 5- to 6-week-infected mice. Suppression was dependent upon specific antigen and optimal concentrations of egg antigen and T suppressor cells. Once induced, the suppressor cells were nonspecific. Cultured T cells from uninfected mice also occasionally suppressed the acute spleen cell proliferative response, but these cells were mitomycin C sensitive. These in vitro observations suggest that granulomatous inflammation in vivo may also be down regulated by suppressor T cells and that these cells may also be implicated in the nonspecific depression of cellular and humoral responses to antigens observed during the course of this infection. PMID- 3161830 TI - Stimulation of immunoglobulin-containing cells and isotype-specific antibody response in experimental Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in specific-pathogen free pigs. AB - The development of immunoglobulin-containing cells and antigen-specific plasma cells in retropharyngeal and bronchial lymph nodes, in lung tissue, and in nasal mucous membrane was followed during an experimental infection of pigs with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to follow stimulation of the immunoglobulin isotypes (classes) M, G, and A directed against the infectious agent in tracheobronchial secretions and systemically. A significant increase of antigen-specific plasma cells in lymph nodes and lung tissue as well as antibodies in tracheobronchial secretions was demonstrated 2 weeks after infection. This specific reaction was followed by a marked increase of immunoglobulin-containing cells in lymph nodes and lung tissue. The data are discussed in terms of autoimmune reactions in the pathogenesis of enzootic pneumonia. PMID- 3161833 TI - In vivo effects of cyclosporin A: abrogation of the induction of experimental allergic orchitis and sparing of the generation of suppressor cells. AB - Cyclosporin A (CyA; 10 mg/kg/day) administration for 14 days, starting on the day of immunization with testicular antigen (TA) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), almost completely abrogated the induction of experimental allergic orchitis (EAO), delayed skin reactivities to both TA and purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD), and antisperm antibody response in strain 13 guinea pigs when examined 2 weeks after immunization. The unresponsive state induced was of a transitory nature. After cessation of CyA treatment, EAO-eliciting capability and cellular immune responsiveness recovered in relatively short time, while restoration of humoral immune responsiveness was delayed. Transfer of lymph node cells taken from CyA-treated, EAO-suppressed animals at 2 weeks postimmunization into normal syngeneic recipients inhibited the induction of EAO and delayed skin response. The suppressor cell activity appeared to be at least in part antigen specific. It seems likely, therefore, that the profound suppression of EAO by CyA could be explained as due to the additive effect of the inhibition of helper/inducer T cell generation and the sparing or activation of suppressor cell populations. PMID- 3161832 TI - Isolation and characterization of an extracellular glucosyltransferase synthesizing insoluble glucan from Streptococcus mutans serotype c. AB - A glucosyltransferase which synthesized insoluble glucan in polyacrylamide gel was isolated from the culture supernatant of Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt (serotype c) by ultrafiltration, ethanol fractionation, isoelectric focusing, and preparative gel electrophoresis. The enzyme preparation was electrophoretically homogeneous and immunologically distinct from the highly branched 1,6-alpha-D glucan synthase and fructosyltransferase from the same strain and glucosyltransferases from serotypes a and g. The molecular weight was 99,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the isoelectric point was 8.5. The enzyme had the optimum pH of 6.0 and Km value for sucrose of 9.4 mM. Besides the insoluble glucan with 96% 1,3-alpha linkage, this enzyme synthesized a considerable amount of diffusible glucan with 84% 1,6-alpha linkage, separately. This enzyme may be the one released from the enzyme aggregates by extracellular proteases, because the addition of extraneous trypsin to the crude enzyme preparation increased the amount of the enzyme species. PMID- 3161835 TI - Outcome of comprehensive medical rehabilitation: an analysis based upon the impairment, disability, and handicap model. AB - The World Health Organization model of disablement was applied to patients 2 years after admission to rehabilitation centres. Various established measures were also applied. This study confirmed the usefulness of the concept of impairment, disability and handicap, as well as the applicability of the scoring methods in predicting rehabilitation outcome. PMID- 3161834 TI - Drug and alcohol use by disabled and nondisabled persons: a comparative study. AB - The study is an initial attempt to provide comparative alcohol and drug use data on disabled and nondisabled persons. The lack of useful information on disabled persons is described in the literature review. Sixty-six disabled students and 115 nondisabled students returned questionnaires which examined their alcohol and drug use. The two groups were compared using tests of significance. The data provided in this report tend to confirm the notion that the disabled and nondisabled students use alcohol and drugs in similar ways. Caution is urged against generalization, and the need for additional studies is emphasized. PMID- 3161836 TI - Physical ability in relation to anthropometric measurements in persons with complete spinal cord lesion below the sixth cervical segment. AB - A study was undertaken to determine the ability of patients with complete tetraplegia below cervical sixth segment to transfer in relation to their anthropometric characteristics. Thirty-six chronic patients were assessed and spasticity was measured. A discriminant function analysis was carried out to assess the extent to which a number of anthropometric and anatomical variables could predict the patients' final ability to effect a transfer. Using nine of the original 23 predictor variables it is possible to correctly classify a patient's eventual ability to transfer in 92% of cases. PMID- 3161838 TI - Need for a data base on consequences of diseases. PMID- 3161837 TI - The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps. PMID- 3161839 TI - First experiences with ICIDH in Australia's largest nursing home. AB - In Australia's largest home of 625 available beds, coding has been undertaken for 102 residents, using the International Classification of Impairments. Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH). This has proved simple and effective as a means of categorising impairments and disabilities, with a few modifications to meet local needs. A computer program allows storage and retrieval of up to 8 ICD diagnoses, 6 impairments, 30 disabilities, and 6 handicaps. Experienced nurses can code a dependent person in 30 minutes or less, and periodic review every 6 months is now planned. This system will allow efficient surveillance of progress of individual residents, will highlight those calling for clinical review, and will identify those who may be suitable for specific management and research programmes. PMID- 3161840 TI - Trial use of ICIDH, October 1983. AB - The ICIDH contains three classifications, each relating to a different plane of experience, consequent upon disease. It is proposed that information collected in this manner provides a more effective data base for the planning of resources. To test the use of this system an evaluation was made in a residential unit for disabled adults. The assessment protocol was a checklist into which the appropriate codes were listed. This study confirmed that the ICIDH does fulfill its purpose. However, if depth of survey required is greater than that provided by two digits, it requires either a multidisciplinary assessment team or the necessary patient data from specialist sources. PMID- 3161841 TI - Preliminary experiences with WHO's ICIDH; a user's report. AB - A simple feasibility study of the ICIDH was conducted: 1148 patients were classified by their physician, the opinion of the physicians about the feasibility of the ICIDH was recorded, and finally 21 patients were classified twice to assess reliability. The results suggest that the I code is feasible for patients with locomotor disorders. The use of the D code presented several problems. It is very time-consuming and reliability of D code assignments seems to be low. The feasibility of the D code can probably be improved if the numerical framework is reshaped. The H code seems to allow for simple meaningful scorings, although we tended to use it as a substitute for the impractical D code, rather than as an indicator of handicap. PMID- 3161842 TI - Disabilities and handicaps in Aquitaine. AB - An extension of the national survey on health and medical consumption in Aquitaine used a questionnaire on presence of disability and handicap. Communication, personal cares, mobility and occupations were restricted in respectively 1.5, 3.3, 3.2, and 10.6%. People aged 60 and over were mainly concerned. Personal and domestic care disabilities were noted for 1 out of 8, communication disabilities were present among 1 out of 20. One out of 7 was restricted for mobility and physical independence; 1 out of 4 was restricted for customary occupations and 1 out of 10 for social relationships. Those physically dependent living alone were 5%. PMID- 3161843 TI - Abilities and requirements profiles: a tool to facilitate reintegration of people with disabilities into employment. AB - An attempt has been made to construct tools that can be applied for assessment of a disabled individual's residual abilities, and of the requirements of a job for which that person might be considered. The system is based on 63 attributes, which are graded on a 4-point scale. Initial tests revealed 90-95% correspondence between independent assessments. Although more detailed assessment tests are under way, the approach does offer a means for rough preselection of disabled candidates for jobs appropriate to their residual abilities. PMID- 3161844 TI - Effects of PGF2 alpha on the active Arthus reaction in rat and rabbit tongues. AB - The effect of the prostaglandin PGF2 alpha on the active Arthus reaction was examined in 20 young male rats and 12 young male rabbits because this local inflammatory reaction caused by immunocomplexes is very similar to a recurrent oral disease on humans called Sutton aphthosis, and because the amount of PGF2 alpha is higher than that of other PGs in the oral mucosa. In our experiments, the PGF2 alpha caused a very rapid and quickly-disappearing Arthus reaction when the sensitisation was pretreated by PGF2 alpha. Moreover the PGF2 alpha caused a very intensive and long-persisting Arthus reaction when the local evocation was prepared by PGF2 alpha pretreatment. The cardinal clinical symptom of the reaction was the marked oedema caused by PGF2 alpha. In the histological picture, the Arthus reaction was more intense after PGF2 alpha pretreatment. The PGF2 alpha is capable of influencing both the intensity and the duration of the Arthus reaction. PMID- 3161845 TI - Antigenic heterogeneity of metastasizing and nonmetastasizing forms of hamster lymphosarcoma: comparison of primary tumor and spontaneous liver metastases. AB - Antisera were raised in rabbits against nonmetastasizing (NML) and metastasizing (ML) forms of hamster lymphosarcoma and were purified against normal hamster tissues. Immunoglobulins from the purified antisera were precipitated with 1.6 M ammonium sulfate, radioiodinated and IgG separated by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. 125I-IgG preparations were analyzed by a direct cell binding assay and by a complement-dependent cytotoxicity test, employing single cell suspensions from primary lymphosarcoma. In some experiments, 125I-IgG was also tested against ML cells obtained from primary tumor (1 degree) and its liver metastasis (2 degrees). NML induced greater anti-tumor antibody production than ML, suggesting greater antigenicity of the non-metastasizing tumor. The two lymphosarcomas appeared to share some common tumor-associated antigens since antibody to one tumor type was either completely or partially absorbed by tumor cells of the other type. Anti-ML 125I-IgG proved up to 2-5 times more cytotoxic for ML 1 degree than 2 degrees cells. Although both tumors were highly tumorigenic in hamsters, only ML gave rise to distant metastases, predominantly in the liver. PMID- 3161846 TI - In vivo imaging and evaluation of platelet accumulation vs. time at arterial injury site. AB - The feasibility of quantitatively imaging platelet deposition over time following angioplasty of the abdominal aorta in a rabbit model, with and without antiplatelet treatment, was investigated. Ten male 3-4 kg rabbits were balloon de endothelialized and placed on 2% cholesterol diet for eight weeks. Group A was untreated. In Group B, donors and recipients were treated with aspirin (5 mgm/kg) prior to and after angioplasty. Platelets were labelled with indium-111. Labelled platelets were injected just prior to PTA and images of 100,000 counts were obtained immediately and at 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours. In Group A, increased activity of angioplasty site vs. nonangioplastied aorta was seen immediately. This focal increase became more marked in hypercholesterolemic animals over the 24-hour period. In Group B, both hypercholesterolemic and normocholesterolemic, no focal uptake could be documented on sequential scans. This method and model are promising for in vivo evaluation of platelet-vessel wall interactions, in the setting of angioplasty and antiplatelet therapy. PMID- 3161848 TI - A case of 48, XYY, +21. PMID- 3161847 TI - Role of beta-endorphins in analgesia associated with reactive hyperemia. AB - The role of plasma rhythm of beta-endorphin (beta-E) levels during reactive hyperemia was investigated in patients undergoing aortofemoral arteriography (n = 24). Two groups of patients were studied; one undergoing morning (AM; n = 15) and the other, afternoon (PM; n = 9) procedures. Arterial blood samples for assay of plasma beta-E were obtained during the following time intervals: baseline or prior to vascular occlusion (T1); after 2 1/2 minutes of vascular occlusion (T2), and 1 (T3) and 2 minutes (T4) after release of the pressure cuffs. Baseline beta E levels of each group were elevated over nonstressed individuals and no significant difference occurred over the course of the procedure with either the AM or PM groups. Examination of changes in beta-E levels in individual patients yielded a different pattern. In the AM group, nine patients doubled their plasma beta-E levels from T1 to T2 (P less than .05) and remained elevated during T3 and T4 (P less than .05). Other members of the group n = 6 also had high baseline levels of beta-E and these levels declined from T2 to T4 (P less than .05). In the PM group, baseline beta-E levels were elevated in comparison with normals in five patients who exhibited similar increment in beta-E levels from T1 to T2 as the AM group, but the results were not significant. Other members of the group (n = 4) also had high baseline beta-E levels and the levels declined from T2 to T4 as in the AM group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3161849 TI - Fibre-optic spectrophotometry of immature bovine skeletal muscles and the cellular distribution of myoglobin and succinate dehydrogenase. AB - Samples of diaphragm and pectoralis profundus were taken from nine calves with a range of blood haemoglobin levels of 4 to 8.5 g/100 ml. In both muscles, fibres with strong succinate dehydrogenase activity contained myoglobin, but in the pectoralis there were many fibres with strong alkaline ATPase activity and weak succinate dehydrogenase activity that had low or undetected levels of myoglobin. The whole cross-sectional area of individual fibres was scanned to map the distribution of succinate dehydrogenase activity. Among fibres with similar levels of ATPase activity, those from the diaphragm had greater succinate dehydrogenase activity than those from the pectoralis. Subsarcolemmal succinate dehydrogenase activity was greater than the axial succinate dehydrogenase activity, and radial gradients of succinate dehydrogenase activity were steepest in the diaphragm. For pectoralis fibres with weak ATPase, the mean and the axial succinate dehydrogenase activities were correlated with blood haemoglobin levels (r = 0.62 and r = 0.61, respectively; P less than 0.05 with a Student's t-test). Muscle colour was measured directly by fibre-optic spectrophotometry and correlations of absorbance with succinate dehydrogenase activity were obtained. Absorbance at 620 nm 24 h post-mortem was correlated with succinate dehydrogenase activity in pectoralis fibres with weak ATPase (r = 0.81; P less than 0.005). PMID- 3161850 TI - Histochemistry of hydrolytic enzymes in resting submandibular glands of rabbits. AB - The distribution of several hydrolytic enzymes was investigated in rabbit submandibular glands at both the light and electron microscopical levels. Glands were fixed by either immersion or perfusion fixation with a variety of fixatives containing 1-2% glutaraldehyde and 2-4% formaldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer at pH 7.2. Light microscopically, the acinar cells showed some staining for ATPase, acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterases but showed weak staining for thiamine pyrophosphatase. Acid phosphatase staining occurred most strongly in granular tubule cells. Staining for esteroproteases was confined to the periluminal rims of intercalary and striated ducts. Alkaline phosphatase was very sensitive to glutaraldehyde and was confined to myoepithelial cells. Electron microscopical observations revealed the presence of acid phosphatase reaction product in lysosomes, immature granules and in GERL-like structures, the last being much more conspicuous in the granular tubule cells. ATPase reaction product was localized to the basal and luminal plasma membranes and lumina of both acinar and granular tubule cells. The Golgi complex of these two types of cells exhibited only moderate amounts of reaction product for thiamine pyrophosphatase. Alkaline phosphatase activity, on the other hand, was exclusively localized to myoepithelial cells in their plasma membranes and sometimes in the nuclear envelope. PMID- 3161852 TI - [Human genetic aspects of inborn ear, nose, and throat diseases]. AB - The genetic analysis of malformations enables us to distinguish four groups of different anomalies: 1. Chromosomal disorders (gene and chromosome mutations). 2. Single (monogenic) hereditary anomalies and malformations (gene mutations: point mutations). 3. Malformations with polygenic multifactorial basis (combination of genetic and exogenous factors). 4. Exogenous non-hereditary malformations. We were able to classify malformations in one of the four groups using the three most important methods of human genetic investigations: (a) chromosomal analysis, (b) family investigations, (c) twin method. These methods can complement each other, but each has its own individual place. This review quotes examples of the four different etiological groups in otology, especially those affecting parts of the ear as well as those affecting whole ear. PMID- 3161853 TI - Polymorphic radiation sensitivity of human natural killer activity: possible role of DNA strand breakage. AB - Natural killer (NK) activity of human mononuclear cells is sensitive to inhibition by radiation, under the control of polymorphic X linked genes. In order to define the mechanism of this inhibition, we have evaluated the ability of treatments known to damage DNA to inhibit NK activity. The alkylating agents streptozotocin (SZ) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) were potent inhibitors of NK activity. Further, a specific competitive inhibitor of adenosine diphosphoribosyl polymerase (ADPRP), 3-aminobenzamide, was able to prevent inhibition by gamma-radiation, UV radiation, and the two alkylating drugs, SZ and MNNG, suggesting the ADPRP, known to be activated by DNA strand breakage, mediates the inhibition by these treatments. NK activity of radioresistant subjects was somewhat more resistant to inhibition by SZ or UVR when compared to radiosensitive NK activity but neither of these treatments gave the clear phenotypic distinction of gamma-radiation, suggesting that chemical strand breakage does not precisely model gamma-radiation and also that the mechanism of UVR inhibition may differ from that of gamma-radiation. These results indicate a role for activation of ADPRP in the inhibitory effect of UV and gamma-radiation on human NK activity and suggest that the biochemical basis for polymorphism in the sensitivity of NK activity to gamma-radiation will be found in the sensitivity to ADPRP activation or the level of activation of this enzyme, known to be the key to DNA repair. PMID- 3161851 TI - Radioautographic localization of 125I-atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in rat tissues. AB - Rats were injected either with synthetic 125I-Arg 101-Tyr 126 atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) or with 125I-ANF together with an excess of cold Arg 101-Tyr 126 ANF. Binding sites in various tissues were accepted depending on two criteria: displacement of radioactivity by cold ANF and absence of localization of silver grains on putative target cells in the presence of cold ANF. Binding sites were localized on zona glomerulosa cells and on adrenergic and noradrenergic cells of adrenal medulla, on hepatocytes, on the base of mature epithelial cells of villi in the small intestine, on smooth muscle cells of the muscularis layer of the colon and on the base of epithelial cells of the ciliary bodies. In addition, binding sites were localized in the vasculature of kidney, adrenal cortex, lung and liver. Binding sites were particularly numerous on renal glomerular endothelial cells. These results indicate that ANF may have important hemodynamic effects in kidney, lung, liver and adrenal cortex, may regulate water and ion transport in small intestine and ciliary bodies and may have metabolic effects in the liver. The presence of binding sites on the zona glomerulosa is in agreement with the important inhibitory effect of the peptide on aldosterone secretion. PMID- 3161854 TI - Antitumor activity of a new fluoropyrimidine derivative, 5'-deoxy-5 fluorouridine, against murine and human experimental tumors. AB - 5'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) was evaluated for antitumor activity against four murine tumors (L1210 leukemia, P388 leukemia, Lewis lung carcinoma, and B16 melanoma) and a human mammary carcinoma (MX-1) xenografted in athymic mice. Intraperitoneal administration of 5'-DFUR was ineffective against B16 melanoma implanted intraperitoneally and showed less marked antitumor activity against P388 and L1210 leukemias implanted intraperitoneally or intravenously as compared with that of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT 207), while oral administration of 5'-DFUR showed a similar or superior antitumor activity to that of 5-FU or FT-207 against L1210 leukemia implanted subcutaneously. 5'-DFUR showed a marked antitumor activity against MX-1 implanted subcutaneously and also showed slight antitumor activity against Lewis lung carcinoma implanted subcutaneously, while 5-FU and FT-207 did not show any significant antitumor activity against these tumors. These results suggest that 5'-DFUR may be worthy of clinical trial against solid tumors, especially cancers of the breast. PMID- 3161855 TI - Studies of an immunomodulator, swainsonine. I. Enhancement of immune response by swainsonine in vitro. AB - Swainsonine isolated from Metarhizium sp., was found to enhance the activities of the mouse immune system in vitro. Concanavalin A stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and proliferative response in mixed lymphocytes culture, which were suppressed by immunosuppressive factor obtained from serum of sarcoma 180 tumor bearing mouse, were restored to normal levels by the addition of swainsonine. Furthermore, the concanavalin A induced incorporation of [3H]thymidine into mouse spleen cells was remarkably increased by treatment with swainsonine over a wide dose range, From studies using fluorescence activated cell sorting, swainsonine was shown to enhance the expression of concanavalin A receptors of spleen cells. PMID- 3161856 TI - In-vitro activity of ciprofloxacin and other antibacterial agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas cepacia from cystic fibrosis patients. AB - The in-vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, a new oxyquinoline derivative, norfloxacin and six anti-pseudomal beta-lactam antibiotics were tested against pulmonary isolates of smooth and mucoid colony forms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Ps. cepacia from children with cystic fibrosis. Ciprofloxacin was the most effective of the agents tested against either species. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin were 0.5, and 16 mg/l, for 90% of the Ps. aeruginosa and Ps. cepacia strains tested, respectively. No effect of inoculum size or discordance between inhibitory or bactericidal concentrations was observed. Ciprofloxacin is a potentially useful agent for the treatment of acute pseudomonal pulmonary exacerbations in children with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3161857 TI - In-vitro sensitivity of legionellas, meningococci and mycoplasmas to ciprofloxacin and enoxacin. PMID- 3161860 TI - Inaugural address. PMID- 3161858 TI - Dynamic exercise training in foxhounds. II. Analysis of skeletal muscle. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether 8-12 wk of endurance training produces biochemical and histochemical adaptations in skeletal muscle in foxhounds. Analyses were performed on samples removed from gastrocnemius, triceps, and semitendinosus muscles of foxhounds before and after a treadmill running program. Biochemical analysis showed that training did not alter the activities of phosphofructokinase, beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, or total phosphorylase. Histochemical analysis of myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase demonstrated three distinct classes of type II fibers and one type I fiber in the semitendinosus and triceps muscles and two type II and two type I fibers in the gastrocnemius muscle. Fiber type distribution and oxidative and glycolytic potentials, as indicated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase or alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase staining intensity, were unaltered by training. Similarly, capillary density, capillary-to-fiber ratios, and capillary area-to-fiber area ratios did not change with training. Thus, unlike humans and other mammals (i.e., rat), these foxhounds did not manifest biochemical or histochemical adaptations in skeletal muscle as the result of endurance training. This is consistent with the results of the study in which endurance training produced a 27% increase in maximal cardiac output and a 4% increase in maximal arteriovenous O2 extraction in foxhounds. PMID- 3161859 TI - Biochemical and physiological changes in overloaded rat fast- and slow-twitch ankle extensors. AB - The rat soleus (SOL) or medial gastrocnemius (MG) were chronically overloaded by removing their major synergists bilaterally. After 12-14 wks the overloaded SOL (OS) and overloaded MG (OMG) muscles had approximately 50% greater cross sectional areas (CSA) than the controls. Maximum twitch (Pt) and tetanic (Po) tensions were approximately 46% larger in the OS compared with the normal SOL. The OMG produced 10 and 37% higher Pt and Po, respectively. Specific tension (Po/CSA) was not altered in either group (P greater than 0.05). Contraction times and half-relaxation times were unchanged. Myofibrillar and myosin ATPase specific activities indicated a shift toward that resembling a slower muscle in both the OS and the red portion but not the white portion of the OMG. Generally, markers of glycogen metabolism were reduced (P less than 0.05) in the same muscle areas that showed reduced ATPase activity. These biochemical results were consistent with the apparent histochemical conversion of fibers from fast-twitch, glycolytic ---fast-twitch, oxidative-glycolytic----slow-twitch, oxidative types in these muscle areas. These results suggest that overloading either a fast- or slow twitch plantarflexor results in an increase in muscle mass and maximum tension and in metabolic shifts that generally resemble those observed in a slower muscle. Further, the degree of adaptation appears to be related to the initial fiber type composition of the muscle and/or of the muscle region. PMID- 3161861 TI - An Arkansas experience with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 3161862 TI - The impaired physician. PMID- 3161863 TI - Seat belt usage--preventive orthopedics. PMID- 3161864 TI - The spectrum of esophageal carcinoma. PMID- 3161865 TI - Primary malignant bone tumors--a management approach. PMID- 3161866 TI - Corporate practice of medicine through licensed employees. PMID- 3161867 TI - Silk purses and sows' ears. PMID- 3161868 TI - Bicycle accidents. PMID- 3161869 TI - Quantitative liquid chromatographic method using fluorescence detection for determining zearalenone and its metabolites in blood plasma and urine. AB - The liquid chromatographic (LC) method described, suitable for use with both blood plasma and urine, is applicable for determination of zearalenone and alpha zearalenol at levels as low as 0.5 ng/mL plasma and 5 ng/mL urine. The sample is incubated overnight with beta-glucuronidase to analyze for both conjugated and unconjugated forms of zearalenone. The next day, the sample is acidified with H3PO4, extracted with chloroform, and evaporated to dryness. The residue is dissolved in toluene and loaded onto a silica gel cartridge which is washed with toluene and eluted with toluene-acetone (88 + 12). The eluate is evaporated, and the residue is dissolved in chloroform, extracted with 0.18M NaOH, neutralized with H3PO4, and re-extracted with chloroform. The chloroform extract is evaporated, dissolved in mobile phase for LC, and injected onto a normal phase column under the following chromatographic conditions: mobile phase of water saturated dichloromethane containing 2% 1-propanol, and fluorescence detector, excitation wave-length 236 nm, and 418 nm cut-off emission filter. Recoveries of zearalenone and its metabolites from blood plasma and urine are 80-89% in the range 2.0-10 ng standard/mL plasma, and 81-90% in the range 10-30 ng standard/mL urine. This method was used to analyze blood and urine samples from a pig fed zearalenone-contaminated feed (5 mg/kg), corresponding to 80 micrograms/kg body weight. Zearalenone was rapidly metabolized to alpha-zearalenol, which appeared in the blood only 30 min after feeding. Almost all zearalenone and alpha zearalenol was found conjugated with glucuronic acid in both blood plasma and urine. PMID- 3161870 TI - Brief report: preschool siblings of handicapped children--impact of peer support and training. PMID- 3161872 TI - Productive phage infection in Escherichia coli with reduced internal levels of the major cations. AB - Bacteriophage-induced changes in the intracellular levels of the major cations of Escherichia coli were studied to investigate the role of ion concentrations for bacteriophage assembly in vivo. Infection of E. coli by phage T4, P1, or lambda caused a transient reduction of intracellular levels of potassium, magnesium, and polyamines. Phages T3 and T7, however, had no detectable effect on the cation concentrations within the cell. In all cases, any reduction in the ion concentrations was restored later in infection. When the intracellular potassium concentration was lowered from 325 to 150 mM with a different osmotic growth medium, the number of phage progeny was only slightly reduced (by a factor of two). On additional reduction of the intracellular magnesium concentration from 100 to 50 mM by adding the antibiotic polymyxin B to the infected cells, T4 infections, but not T3 or T7, were markedly affected. These studies show that T3, T4, and T7 phage assembly can efficiently occur in vivo over a broad spectrum of ion concentrations. PMID- 3161871 TI - Characterization and solubilization of the membrane-bound ATPase of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. AB - The membrane-bound ATPase of Mycoplasma gallisepticum selectively hydrolyzed purine nucleoside triphosphates and dATP. ADP, although not a substrate, inhibited ATP hydrolysis. The enzyme exhibited a pH optimum of 7.0 to 7.5 and an obligatory requirement for divalent cations. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide at a concentration of 1 mM inhibited 95% of the ATPase activity at 37 degrees C, with 50% inhibition occurring at 22 microM dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Sodium or potassium (or both) failed to stimulate activity by greater than 37%. Azide (2.6 mM), diethylstilbestrol (100 micrograms/ml), p-chloromercuribenzoate (1 mM), and vanadate (50 microM) inhibited 50, 91, 89, and 60%, respectively. The ATPase activity could not be removed from the membrane without detergent solubilization. Although most detergents inactivated the enzyme, the dipolar ionic detergent N dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (0.1%) solubilized approximately 70% of the enzyme with only a minor loss in activity. The extraction led to a twofold increase in specific activity and retention of inhibition by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and ADP. Glycerol greatly increased the stability of the solubilized enzyme. The properties of the membrane-bound ATPase are not consistent with any known ATPase. We postulate that the ATPase functions as an electrogenic proton pump. PMID- 3161873 TI - Rabbit liver alcohol dehydrogenase: purification and properties. AB - Alcohol dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.1] was purified to homogeneity from rabbit liver by water extraction, DEAE-cellulose treatment, affinity chromatography on 5'-AMP Sepharose and gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 using dithiothreitol as a stabilizer. The purified enzyme has an estimated molecular weight of 72,000 and consists of two subunits with a molecular weight of about 36,000 each. The enzyme contains 4 g-atoms of zinc and 18 sulfhydryl groups per mol of protein and exhibits maximal activity at pH 10.8, with a second maximum at pH 7.5. The apparent Km values for ethanol and NAD+ are 0.45 mM and 53.19 microM, respectively, at pH 10.8 and 3.33 mM and 6.94 microM, respectively, at pH 7.5. The enzyme oxidizes ethanol most readily among the aliphatic alcohols studied and has very low substrate specificity for methanol. Among steroid alcohols, 5 beta androstan-3 beta-ol-17-one serves as a substrate for the enzyme. Pyrazole and 4 methylpyrazole (which are well known alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors), sulfhydryl reagents, heavy metal ions and metal-chelating agents inactivate the enzyme. PMID- 3161874 TI - Preparation of non-reducing-end substituted p-nitrophenyl alpha-maltopentaoside (FG5P) as a substrate for a coupled enzymatic assay for alpha-amylases. AB - p-Nitrophenyl O-6-deoxy-6-[(2-pyridyl)amino]-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O alpha-D - glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D- glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, FG5P, was prepared, taking advantage of the action of Bacillus macerans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase on a mixture of O-6-deoxy-6-[(2-pyridyl)-amino]-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O alpha- D- glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D- glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-D-glucose and p nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside. The maltopentaose derivative is resistant to alpha glucosidase and is suitable as a substrate for the alpha-amylase assay coupled with alpha-glucosidase in which the activity of alpha-amylase is determined by measuring the amount of p-nitrophenol liberated by alpha-glucosidase from p nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside and p-nitrophenyl alpha-maltoside produced by the action of alpha-amylase. This alpha-amylase assay method was applied for determination of alpha-amylases in human serum. PMID- 3161875 TI - A method for systematic purification from bovine plasma of six vitamin K dependent coagulation factors: prothrombin, factor X, factor IX, protein S, protein C, and protein Z. AB - A systematic purification scheme is presented for the isolation of six vitamin K dependent coagulation factors from bovine plasma in a functionally and biochemically pure state. The vitamin K-dependent proteins concentrated by the ordinary barium citrate adsorption were first separated into four fractions, fractions A, B, C, and D, by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography. From the pooled fraction A, protein S, factor IX, and prothrombin were purified by column chromatography on Blue-Sepharose CL-6B. Heparin-Sepharose chromatography of the pooled fraction B provided mainly pure factor IX, in addition to homogeneous prothrombin. A high degree of resolution of protein C and prothrombin from the pooled fraction C was obtained with a Blue-Sepharose column. This dye-ligand chromatographic procedure was also very effective for the separation of protein Z and factor X contained in the pooled fraction D. Thus, these preparative procedures allowed high recovery of milligram and gram quantities of six vitamin K-dependent proteins from 15 liters of plasma in only two chromatographic steps, except for protein S, which required three (the third step was rechromatography on Blue-Sepharose CL-6B). PMID- 3161876 TI - Relationship between the ATPase activity and the ATP-induced fluorescence enhancement of SH-modified heavy meromyosin during its fractional inactivation by vanadate plus ADP: evidence for heterogeneity in the active sites. AB - We have examined whether heavy meromyosin (HMM) consists of a single kind of active site by analyzing the changes in the relative MgATPase activity and the relative amplitude of the ATP-induced fluorescence enhancement of the protein when the fraction of HMM "affinity"-labeled by vanadate plus ADP was varied. The analysis is based on a prediction that these two changes should be proportional to each other if myosin consists of a single kind of active site and generates the rate-limiting myosin**product complex emitting enhanced fluorescence. Although the difference between these two changes was very small with native HMM, it was large with HMM in which 5 fast-reactive sulfhydryl-groups per head were pre-modified with thimerosal. The difference indicated the existence of heterogeneous active sites in the SH-modified HMM. The results were best explained in terms of the hypothesis that fifty percent of the active site splits MgATP by a mechanism giving a fluorescence enhancement whereas the other fifty percent splits MgATP by another mechanism giving no fluorescence enhancement. Two possible explanations for the existence of heterogeneous active sites in the SH modified HMM are discussed. One assumes the pre-existence of some sort of 1:1 heterogeneity in the micro-environment of the active sites and the other, which is considered less likely, assumes the introduction of the heterogeneity as a result of the SH-modification. PMID- 3161877 TI - Correlation between multiple phosphorylation of gizzard myosin light chains and actin-activated myosin ATPase activity. AB - With large amounts of gizzard Mr 135,000 calmodulin-binding protein (myosin light chain kinase), the phosphate incorporation into myosin light chains was determined to be 2 mol/mol of myosin light chain. The actin-activated ATPase activity was dramatically enhanced when myosin light chains were phosphorylated by more than 1 mol of phosphate incorporated/mol of myosin light chain. PMID- 3161878 TI - Synthetic peptides competitively inhibit both direct binding to fibroblasts and functional biological assays for the purified cell-binding domain of fibronectin. AB - The 75,000-dalton cell-binding domain of fibronectin (f75k) and synthetic peptides derived from its sequence have been used to examine the cell-surface fibronectin receptor. The spreading of baby hamster kidney fibrolasts on f75k coated substrates and the direct binding of [3H]f75k to these cells were both competitively inhibited by a synthetic peptide of fibronectin with the sequence Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser, indicating that the peptide and f75k interact with the same cell-surface sites. Related peptides, including the inverted sequence Ser-Asp-Gly Arg, also competed for f75k binding. Our results provide the first evidence that fibroblastic baby hamster kidney cells recognize the same fibronectin amino acid sequence in direct binding of soluble ligand and in indirect inhibitory biological assays, thus correlating our direct fibronectin-receptor binding assay with biological functional assays for the fibronectin receptor in fibroblasts. PMID- 3161879 TI - Mode of interaction of phosphofructokinase with the erythrocyte membrane. AB - Phosphofructokinase is known to associate with the human erythrocyte membrane both in vitro and in vivo. Such association activates the enzyme in vitro by relieving the allosteric inhibition imposed by ATP (Karadsheh, N.S., and Uyeda, K. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 7418-7420). We now demonstrate that ADP, ATP, and NADH, all of which are known to bind to the enzyme's adenine nucleotide activation site, are particularly potent in eluting the enzyme from the membrane. In addition, both inside-out red cell membrane vesicles and a 23-kDa fragment containing the amino terminus of the membrane protein, band 3, cause a slow, partial, and reversible inactivation of phosphofructokinase. The dependence of the residual phosphofructokinase activity on phosphofructokinase concentration demonstrates that inactivation occurs through the dissociation of active tetramers to inactive dimers. Dimers of phosphofructokinase associate with the membrane more avidly than tetramers. The kinetics of phosphofructokinase inactivation are consistent with the dissociation of tetramers in solution followed by the binding of dimers to the membrane. There is no indication of an association equilibrium between tetramers and dimers of phosphofructokinase bound to the membrane. Taken together, these results suggest that the amino-terminal segment of band 3 binds to the adenine nucleotide activation site, which is thought to be located in a cleft between the dimeric subunits of phosphofructokinase. As a result, band 3 not only rapidly activates the phosphofructokinase tetramer but also slowly inactivates the enzyme by preferentially binding its dissociated subunits. PMID- 3161880 TI - Specific induction of Ca2+ transport activity in MATa cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a mating pheromone, alpha factor. AB - Incubation with a high concentration of a mating pheromone, alpha factor, of Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced the accumulation of Ca2+ ion in MATa cells, but not in MAT alpha or MATa/alpha cells, after a lag of 30-40 min. The alpha factor did not cause a nonspecific lesion of the membrane barrier, but induced Ca2+ transport activity specifically. This induction of Ca2+ transport activity correlated with formation of a projection on the cells, or with localized cell elongation, but not with G1 arrest or agglutinin induction. The increased Ca2+ transport activity was maintained only in the continuous presence of a high concentration of alpha factor and de novo protein synthesis. Kinetic studies of induction of Ca2+ transport by alpha factor and effects of ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid and Ca2+ ionophore, A23187, on mating suggested an essential role of this physiological reaction in the initiation of sexual conjugation. PMID- 3161881 TI - Binding of a curarimimetic toxin from cobra venom to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Interactions of six biotinyltoxin derivatives with receptor and avidin. AB - We have reacted N-hydroxysuccinimidyl biotin with the principal curarimimetic toxin in Naja naja siamensis venom, biotinylating each of the five lysine residues and the N-terminal isoleucine. The six monobiotinyl-toxins were isolated by ion-exchange chromatography, and the residue modified in each was identified by peptide mapping and amino acid analysis. We evaluated the role of each lysine in the binding of toxin to the acetylcholine receptor by measuring the affinity of each biotinyltoxin for receptor and by determining which biotinyltoxins could bind receptor and avidin simultaneously. The effect of biotinylation of each residue decreased the affinity of toxin for receptor in the order Lys 23 greater than Lys 49 greater than Lys 35 greater than Lys 69 congruent to Lys 12 greater than Ile 1. Biotinyltoxin modified either at Lys 12 or at Lys 69 is effective in cross-linking avidin to receptor, while biotinyltoxin modified at Lys 49 can form a low-affinity avidin-biotinyltoxin-receptor complex. Taken together, these results help define the surface of toxin that binds to receptor. PMID- 3161882 TI - The nature of protein kinase C activation by physically defined phospholipid vesicles and diacylglycerols. AB - Protein kinase C is activated by a 1,2-sn-diacylglycerol and phospholipid at low calcium concentrations. Of the various phospholipids studied, phosphatidylserine has been shown to be the most effective one and is usually used in assaying the enzyme (Kaibuchi, K., Takai, Y., and Nishizuka, Y. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 7146-7149). It is shown here that under the conditions of the enzymatic assay, phosphatidylserine does not form typical fluid bilayer structures as seen by electron microscopy and fluorescence polarization. On the other hand, 1:4 phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine bilayer vesicles can be formed which support protein kinase C activation. They have the advantage in that they are characterizable, form physiologically relevant bilayer structures, and are readily and reproducibly formed. In addition, they do not support protein kinase C activation in the absence of added diacylglycerol, a property that makes them invaluable in studying the role of diacylglycerol structure in protein kinase C activation. It is further demonstrated that the rat brain enzyme is activated by 1,2-sn-diolein but not by 2,3-sn-diolein nor 1,3-diolein, demonstrating the high specificity of the kinase toward the glycerol backbone. 1,2-rac-Dielaidin, 1,2 rac-distearin, and 1,2-sn-dipalmitin are all active, which is consistent with the idea that the specificity of protein kinase C is not directed toward the fatty acid side chain of the diacylglycerols. PMID- 3161883 TI - Initiation of DNA synthesis by the calf thymus DNA polymerase-primase complex. AB - The calf thymus DNA polymerase-alpha-primase complex purified by immunoaffinity chromatography catalyzes the synthesis of RNA initiators on phi X174 single stranded viral DNA that are efficiently elongated by the DNA polymerase. Trace amounts of ATP and GTP are incorporated into products that are full length double stranded circular DNAs. When synthetic polydeoxynucleotides are used as templates, initiation and DNA synthesis occurs with both poly(dT) and poly(dC), but neither initiation nor DNA synthesis was observed with poly(dA) and poly(dI) templates. Nitrocellulose filter binding and sucrose gradient centrifugation studies show that the DNA polymerase-primase complex binds to deoxypyrimidine polymers, but not to deoxypurine polymers. Using d(pA)-50 with 3'-oligo(dC) tails and d(pI)-50 with 3'-oligo(dT) tails, initiator synthesis and incorporation of deoxynucleotide can be demonstrated when the average pyrimidine sequence lengths are 8 and 4, respectively. These results suggest that purine polydeoxynucleotides are used as templates by the DNA polymerase only after initiation has occurred on the oligodeoxypyrimidine sequence and that the pyrimidine stretch required by the primase activity is relatively short. Analysis of initiator chain length with poly(dC) as template showed a series of oligo(G) initiators of 19-27 nucleotides in the absence of dGTP, and 5-13 nucleotides in the presence of dGTP. The chain length of initiators synthesized by the complex when poly(dT) or oligodeoxythymidylate-tailed poly(dI) was used can be as short as a dinucleotide. Analysis of the products of replication of oligo(dC)-tailed poly(dA) shows that initiator with chain length as low as 4 can be used for initiation by the polymerase-primase complex. PMID- 3161884 TI - Heparan sulfate proteoglycans of rat embryo fibroblasts. A hydrophobic form may link cytoskeleton and matrix components. AB - Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) synthesized in cultures of rat embryo fibroblasts have been isolated and characterized. Cells grown in the presence of [35S]sulfate secreted a large amount of radiolabeled macromolecules into the culture medium of which only a small proportion was identified as HSPG. However, the majority of radiolabeled proteoglycans isolated from the cell layer were HSPGs. Here, two types of HSPG were detected. One type had an Mr of 5-8 X 10(5) as estimated by gel chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B in the presence of 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and lacked hydrophobic properties in that it showed no affinity for octyl-Sepharose and could not be inserted into liposomes. The other HSPG type had an estimated Mr of 3-5 X 10(5), was retained on octyl-Sepharose, and could be inserted into liposomes. In addition, the cells contained low molecular weight heparan sulfate oligosaccharides. Treatment of living cells with 0.2% Triton X-100, which retained stress fibers and extracellular matrix but solubilized cell membranes, released a proportion of the smaller HSPG together with the heparan sulfate oligosaccharides. The cytoskeleton-matrix residue remaining after detergent extraction of the cell contained the larger species of HSPG in addition to the smaller HSPG. The presence of the smaller hydrophobic HSPG in the detergent-treated cytoskeleton-matrix preparations suggests that it may form part of a transmembrane cytoskeleton-matrix linkage. PMID- 3161885 TI - Human and bovine endothelial cells synthesize membrane proteins similar to human platelet glycoproteins IIb and IIIa. AB - Human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) and bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) cells in culture were examined to determine whether membrane proteins similar to human platelet glycoproteins (GP) IIb and IIIa were present. The HUVE and BAE cells were either 125I-surface labeled or metabolically labeled. Triton X-100 lysates of labeled cells were immunoprecipitated with polyclonal antibodies prepared against purified human platelet GP IIb-IIIa complex. Two membrane proteins were detected on both HUVE (Mr = 130,000 and 110,000) and BAE (Mr = 135,000 and 105,000) cells, which were similar to human platelet GP IIb (Mr = 125,000) and GP IIIa (Mr = 108,000). The two membrane proteins from HUVE cells and the two from BAE cells cosedimented in sucrose gradients, indicating that they exist as a complex. Unlike the human platelet GP IIb-IIIa complex, the HUVE and BAE membrane protein complexes were not dissociated by chelation of Ca2+. Platelet GP IIb and GP IIIa and the related membrane proteins on both HUVE and BAE cells showed similar changes in electrophoretic mobility upon disulfide reduction. These data demonstrate that human and bovine endothelial cells synthesize membrane proteins that have properties similar to the platelet membrane GP IIb-IIIa complex. PMID- 3161886 TI - The rat liver plasma membrane high affinity (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase is not a calcium pump. Comparison with ATP-dependent calcium transporter. AB - The high affinity (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase purified from rat liver plasma membrane (Lin, S.-H., and Fain, J. N. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 3016-3020) has been further characterized. This enzyme also possesses Mg2+-stimulated ATPase activity with K0.5 of 0.16 microM free Mg2+. However, the Vm of the Mg2+-stimulated activity is only half that of the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activity. The effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on this enzyme are not additive. Both the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase and Mg2+-stimulated ATPase activities have similar affinities for ATP (0.21 mM and 0.13 mM, respectively) and similar substrate specificities (they are able to utilize ATP, GTP, UTP, CTP, ADP, and GDP as substrates); both activities are not inhibited by vanadate, p-chloromercuribenzoate, ouabain, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, oligomycin, F , N-ethylmaleimide, La3+, and oxidized glutathione. These properties of the Mg2+- and Ca2+-ATPases indicate that both activities reside on the same protein. A comparison of the properties of this high affinity (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase with those of the liver plasma membrane ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport activity reconstituted into artificial liposomes (Lin, S.-H. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 7850-7856) suggests that this high affinity (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase is not the biochemical expression of the liver plasma membrane Ca2+ pump. The function of this high affinity (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase remains unknown. PMID- 3161887 TI - Effect of ATP on phosphofructokinase-2 from Escherichia coli. A mutant enzyme altered in the allosteric site for MgATP. AB - The activity of Escherichia coli phosphofructokinase-2 (Pfk-2) and of the mutant enzyme Pfk-2* was measured over a wide range of Mg2+ and ATP concentrations. MgATP2- inhibited only the Pfk-2 enzyme, with a degree of cooperativity of 1.5. This inhibition was relieved upon increasing the fructose-6-P concentration or by lowering the pH of the reaction mixture. Other nucleotides used as phosphate donors instead of ATP did not inhibit. MgATP2- was the true substrate for both enzymes and their Km values for this compound were not affected by an increase of the free Mg2+ concentration. However, free Mg2+ partially relieved the MgATP2- inhibition of Pfk-2 under conditions where the ATP4- concentration was negligible, without changes in the degree of cooperativity. ATP4- acted as a strong competitive inhibitor of both Pfk-2 and Pfk-2* with respect to MgATP2- with Ki values of 10 and 8 microM, respectively. ADP, AMP, and cAMP did not prevent the MgATP2- inhibition of Pfk-2. These results suggest the presence of an allosteric site for MgATP2- in Pfk-2 responsible for the MgATP2- inhibition, which is altered in Pfk-2* as a consequence of the structural mutation. PMID- 3161888 TI - Effects of genome size on bacteriophage phi X174 DNA packaging in vitro. AB - Effects of the size of template DNA on the DNA packaging reaction of bacteriophage phi X174 were studied using plasmids of various sizes which contain the phi X174 origin of DNA replication and the in vitro phage synthesizing system (Aoyama, A., Hamatake, R. K., and Hayashi, M. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 4195-4199). DNA between 78.5% and 101% of the length of phi X174 DNA produced infectious particles efficiently. Packaging of DNA smaller or larger than this range produced uninfectious defective particles. Although these particles contained circular single-stranded DNA, they suffered structural changes which altered the sedimentation properties or the ability to adsorb to the cells. Mutant phage were found from the packaging reaction of DNA larger than 101% of phi X174 DNA. These mutants deleted the termination region of DNA, suggesting that they were produced by early termination of the phage synthesizing reaction. PMID- 3161890 TI - Heparan sulfate-chondroitin sulfate hybrid proteoglycan of the cell surface and basement membrane of mouse mammary epithelial cells. AB - Chondroitin sulfate represents approximately 15% of the 35SO4-labeled glycosaminoglycans carried by the proteoglycans of the cell surface and of the basolateral secretions of normal mouse mammary epithelial cells in culture. Evidence is provided that these chondroitin sulfate-carrying proteoglycans are hybrid proteoglycans, carrying both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate chains. Complete N-desulfation but limited O-desulfation, by treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide, of the proteoglycans decreased the anionic charge of the chondroitin sulfate-carrying proteoglycans to a greater extent than it decreased the charge of their constituent chondroitin sulfate chains. Partial depolymerization of the heparan sulfate residues of the proteoglycans with nitrous acid or with heparin lyase also reduced the effective molecular radius of the chondroitin sulfate-carrying proteoglycans. The effect of heparin lyase on the chondroitin sulfate-carrying proteoglycans was prevented by treating the proteoglycan fractions with dimethyl sulfoxide, while the effect of nitrous acid on the dimethyl sulfoxide-treated proteoglycans was prevented by acetylation. This occurrence of heparan sulfate-chondroitin sulfate hybrid proteoglycans suggests that the substitution of core proteins by heparan sulfate or chondroitin sulfate chains may not solely be determined by the specific routing of these proteins through distinct chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate synthesizing mechanisms. Moreover, regional and temporal changes in pericellular glycosaminoglycan compositions might be due to variable postsynthetic modification of a single gene product. PMID- 3161891 TI - A kinetic model for the molecular basis of the contractile activity of Acanthamoeba myosins IA and IB. AB - Acanthamoeba myosins IA and IB are single-headed, monomeric molecules consisting of one heavy chain and one light chain. Both have high actin-activated Mg2+ ATPase activity, when the heavy chain is phosphorylated, but neither seems to be able to form the bipolar filaments that are generally thought to be required for actomyosin-dependent contractility. In this paper, we show that, at fixed F-actin concentration, the actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase activities of myosins IA and IB increase about 5-fold in specific activity in a cooperative manner as the myosin concentration is increased. The myosin concentration range over which this cooperative change occurs depends on the actin concentration. More myosin I is required for the cooperative increase in activity at high concentrations of F actin. The cooperative increase in specific activity at limiting actin concentrations is caused by a decrease in the KATPase for F-actin. The high and low KATPase states of the myosin have about the same Vmax at infinite actin concentration. Both myosins are completely bound to the F-actin long before the Vmax values are reached. Therefore, much of the actin activation must be the result of interactions between F-actin and actomyosin. These kinetic data can be explained by a model in which the cooperative shift of myosin I from the high KATPase to the low KATPase state results from the cross-linking of actin filaments by myosin I. Cross-linking might occur either through two actin-binding sites on a single molecule or by dimers or oligomers of myosin I induced to form by the interaction of myosin I monomers with the actin filaments. The ability of Acanthamoeba myosins IA and IB to cross-link actin filaments is demonstrated in the accompanying paper (Fujisaki, H., Albanesi, J.P., and Korn, E.D. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 11183-11189). PMID- 3161889 TI - The cell surface proteoglycan from mouse mammary epithelial cells bears chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. AB - The cell surface proteoglycan fraction isolated by mild trypsin treatment of NMuMG mouse mammary epithelial cells contains largely heparan sulfate, but also 15-24% chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans. We conclude that this fraction contains a unique hybrid proteoglycan bearing both heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans because (i) the proteoglycan behaves as a single species by sizing, ion exchange and collagen affinity chromatography, and by isopycnic centrifugation, even in the presence of 8 M urea or 4 M guanidine hydrochloride, (ii) the behavior of the chondroitin sulfate in these separation techniques is affected by heparan sulfate-specific probes and vice versa, and (iii) proteoglycan core protein bearing both heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate is recognized by a single monoclonal antibody. Removal of both types of glycosaminoglycan reduces the proteoglycan to a core protein of approximately 53 kDa. The proteoglycan fraction is heterogeneous in size, largely due to a variable number and/or length of the glycosaminoglycan chains. We estimate that one or two chondroitin sulfate chains (modal Mr of 17,000) exist on the proteoglycan for every four heparan sulfate chains (modal Mr of 36,000). Synthesis of these chains is reportedly initiated on an identical trisaccharide that links the chains to the same amino acid residues on the core protein. Therefore, some regulatory information, perhaps residing in the amino acid sequence of the core protein, must determine the type of chain synthesized at any given linkage site. Post-translational addition of these glycosaminoglycans to the protein may provide information affecting its ultimate localization. It is likely that the protein is directed to specific sites on the cell surface because of the ability of the glycosaminoglycans to recognize and bind extracellular components. PMID- 3161892 TI - Thermodynamic model of the kinetics of the actin-activated ATPase activity of Acanthamoeba myosin I. PMID- 3161893 TI - Isolation and characterization of the human tissue-type plasminogen activator structural gene including its 5' flanking region. AB - mRNA specific for tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is induced in HeLa cells by the tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate (Waller, E.K., and Schleuning, W.D. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 6354-6360). To study the underlying mechanism, a cDNA library was constructed from phorbol myristate acetate stimulated HeLa cell mRNA and screened with two t-PA mRNA specific oligonucleotides (Edlund, T., Ny, T., Ranby, M., Heden, L.-O., Palm, G., Holmgren, E., and Josephson, S. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 349 352). Two nearly full length double-stranded cDNA clones were obtained. Suitable restriction fragments from the cDNA were employed as probes for the isolation of three recombinant bacteriophages, containing overlapping fragments of the t-PA gene. By restriction analysis, heteroduplex mapping, and DNA sequencing it was determined that the three overlapping fragments contain the complete t-PA structural gene and that the 2658 bases long t-PA mRNA is encoded by a gene of approximately 29 kilobases overall length, which is interrupted by 13 introns. To characterize the presumptive control region, a subcloned gene fragment, containing the 5' sequence of the cDNA, was sequenced, and the transcription initiation site was identified by nuclease S1 protection experiments. The putative transcription start site is located 24 base pairs (bp) downstream of a typical TATA consensus sequence. Two additional TATA motifs with hitherto unknown functions are found 93 and 226 bp upstream of the putative cap site. A recombinant plasmid was constructed, which accommodates the cap site including 475 bp of upstream sequences, fused to a double-stranded cDNA of t-PA mRNA which contains the complete translated and parts of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. This plasmid directs t-PA biosynthesis in Xenopus laevis oocytes after microinjection into the germinal vesicle. PMID- 3161894 TI - Vascular endothelial cells synthesize a plasma membrane protein indistinguishable from the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIa. AB - To define the role of membrane components that function in endothelial cell physiology and to characterize them biochemically, we have attempted to prepare monoclonal antibodies specific for endothelial cells. Several clones were obtained producing antibodies which bound to endothelial cells and also to platelets. The antibody of one of these clones, CLB-HEC 75, was studied in more detail. This antibody is directed against a single protein which is synthesized constitutively by endothelial cells and is expressed on the surface of both endothelial cells and platelets. The CLB-HEC 75 antigen was isolated from Nonidet P-40-solubilized endothelial cells and platelets by immunoprecipitation and exhibited an apparent molecular weight by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of approximately 145,000 in the presence of 2 mercaptoethanol. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis revealed that the mobility of the CLB-HEC 75 antigen relative to platelet glycoproteins Ib, IIa, IIb, and IIIa fits previously defined criteria for platelet membrane glycoprotein IIa. The CLB-HEC 75 antigen isolated from endothelial cells co-migrated under all conditions tested with the antigen from platelets. These results indicate that endothelial cells share a plasma membrane protein indistinguishable from platelet membrane glycoprotein IIa. This protein may be a component involved in the interaction of endothelial cells with their environment including coagulation factors, platelets, and the subendothelial matrix. CLB-HEC 75 may serve as a useful tool for studying these processes. PMID- 3161895 TI - Phosphorylated intermediate of (Ca2+ + K+)-stimulated Mg2+-dependent transport ATPase in endoplasmic reticulum from rat pancreatic acinar cells. AB - Formation and decomposition of the phosphorylated intermediate of endoplasmic reticulum (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase from pancreatic acinar cells have been studied using lithium dodecyl sulfate- and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Incorporation of 32P from [gamma-32P]ATP is Ca2+-dependent (approximate Km for free [Ca2+] = 2-3 X 10(-8) mol/liter). Formation of the 100-kDa phosphoprotein is rapid, reaching maximal 32Pi incorporation within 1 s at room temperature. At 4 degrees C, phosphorylation is slower and dephosphorylation is drastically decreased. For dephosphorylation, Mg2+ and monovalent cations such as K+ or Na+ are necessary. Vanadate inhibits both 32P incorporation and 32P liberation dose dependently (Km = 3 X 10(-6) mol/liter), whereas mitochondrial inhibitors and ouabain have no effect. The phosphoprotein is stable at pH 2 and destabilizes with increasing pH being completely decomposed at pH 9. Reduction of 32P incorporation in the presence of high concentrations of cold ATP and hydroxylamine suggests formation of acylphosphate present in the ATPase intermediate. The characteristics of Ca2+, cation, and pH dependencies of the ATPase activity are similar to those previously described for MgATP-dependent Ca2+ transport into rough endoplasmic reticulum from pancreatic acinar cells (Bayerdorffer, E., Streb, H., Eckhardt, L., Haase, W., and Schulz, I. (1984) J. Membr. Biol. 81, 69-82). The data suggest that the 100-kDa phosphoprotein as described in this study is the intermediate of this Ca2+ transport ATPase. PMID- 3161896 TI - Calcium regulation of the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex. AB - Platelet membrane glycoproteins (GP) IIb and IIIa form a Ca2+-dependent, heterodimer complex (GP IIb-IIIa) in detergent solution. To determine whether these glycoproteins were complexed or dissociated in intact human platelets, 125I labeled whole platelets were lysed with an EDTA/Triton X-100 buffer, which stabilized both the complexed and dissociated forms of GP IIb and GP IIIa. The percentage of the heterodimer complex present after lysis was determined by quantitating the sedimentation of GP IIIa in sucrose gradients. The distribution of GP IIIa in sucrose gradient fractions from unlabeled platelets was detected by incubation of 125I-concanavalin A with Western blots. It was determined that GP IIb and GP IIIa existed predominantly as the GP IIb-IIIa complex in either unstimulated (92% complexed) or thrombin-stimulated (90% complexed) platelets. The GP IIb-IIIa complex in unstimulated platelets could be reversibly dissociated by brief (up to 10-min) incubations at 37 degrees C with EDTA, while longer (30 min) incubations with EDTA resulted in irreversible polymerization of GP IIb and GP IIIa. The dissociation of the GP IIb-IIIa complex by EDTA in intact cells was temperature-dependent, and the critical extracellular Ca2+ concentration for dissociation was 10(-5) to 10(-6) M. These results demonstrate that GP IIb and GP IIIa exist as a Ca2+-dependent, heterodimer complex in intact platelets and that treatment of platelets with EDTA can have multiple effects on this complex. PMID- 3161897 TI - Reinforced graft-to-artery anastomosis: an experimental study. AB - This experiment was designed to study the effects of reinforcing graft-to-artery anastomoses. A section of infrarenal aorta was replaced with a Dacron graft in 24 dogs. In eighteen animals one anastomosis was reinforced with a cuff of Dacron graft material, while the remaining six dogs both anastomoses were reinforced, one with graft material and the other with Dacron mesh. The animals were sacrificed at three week to six month intervals. The grafts were examined grossly and microscopically, and the tensile strength of the anastomosis determined. There was no difference in tensile strength or in the luminal healing. There was only limited fibrous healing under the graft material cuff whereas there was full incorporation of the mesh cuff. CONCLUSIONS: Reinforcement is not required routinely. When used, the cuff should be made with mesh rather than graft material. PMID- 3161898 TI - A neuronal cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan is required for dorsal root ganglion neuron stimulation of Schwann cell proliferation. AB - Axons of dorsal root ganglion neurons express on their surfaces one or more proteins which are mitogenic for Schwann cells (Salzer, J., R. P. Bunge, and L. Glaser, 1980, J. Cell Biol., 84:767-778). Incubation of co-cultures of dorsal root ganglion neurons and Schwann cells with 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D xyloside, an inhibitor of proteoglycan biosynthesis, decreases the mitogenic response of the Schwann cell by over 95%. The effect of the beta-D-xyloside has been localized to the neurons; pretreatment of neurons but not of Schwann cells with the inhibitor causes a marked reduction of the mitogenic response. In addition, Schwann cells treated with beta-D-xyloside are still mitogenically responsive to soluble Schwann cell mitogens (cholera toxin and glial growth factor). Neurons treated with heparitinase and membrane vesicles prepared from heparitinase-treated neurons show diminished mitogenicity for Schwann cells, while other proteoglycan lyases have no effect. We conclude that a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan is a component of the Schwann cell mitogen present on the surface of dorsal root ganglion neurons. PMID- 3161901 TI - Behaviour of neutrophil leucocytes in uniform concentrations of chemotactic factors: contraction waves, cell polarity and persistence. AB - The essential component of any hypothesis of random or directed cell movement is the mechanism of cell polarity. In this paper we describe the polar behaviour of human neutrophil leucocytes in uniform concentrations of chemotactic factors both in suspension and while moving across surfaces. Neutrophils exposed to uniform concentrations of chemotactic factors in suspension around the dissociation constant (Kd) for the receptor rapidly become distinctly bipolar; neutrophils exposed to supraoptimal uniform concentrations (100-fold greater than Kd) of chemotactic factors in suspension, although morphologically active, never reached the same degree of polarity as cells in optimal concentrations. These differences in polarity were shown to be the direct result of equatorial contraction waves stimulated on the cell surface by interaction with chemotactic factors. In optimal concentrations of chemotactic factors, contraction waves were initiated from one region of the cell, whereas in supraoptimal concentrations of chemotactic factors contraction waves emanated from all areas of the cell surface. Asymmetry in the distribution of surface receptors for Fc and C3b were observed in neutrophils polarized in uniform concentrations of chemotactic factor. In neutrophils, motile but not well polarized (in 10(-6) M-N formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), receptors were uniformly distributed. In neutrophils polarized in concentrations of fMLP near the Kd for the receptor (10(-8) M) receptors for C3b and Fc were localized in the anterior region of the moving cell. The link between contraction waves, cell polarity and receptor redistribution and their initiation by chemotactic peptides is discussed in the context of neutrophil locomotion and response to chemical signals. PMID- 3161900 TI - Anchorage of collagen-tailed acetylcholinesterase to the extracellular matrix is mediated by heparan sulfate proteoglycans. AB - Heparan sulfate and heparin, two sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), extracted collagen-tailed acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the electric organ of Discopyge tschudii. The effect of heparan sulfate and heparin was abolished by protamine; other GAGs could not extract the esterase. The solubilization of the asymmetric AChE apparently occurs through the formation of a soluble AChE-GAG complex of 30S. Heparitinase treatment but not chondroitinase ABC treatment of the ECM released asymmetric AChE forms. This provides direct evidence for the vivo interaction between asymmetric AChE and heparan sulfate residues of the ECM. Biochemical analysis of the electric organ ECM showed that sulfated GAGs bound to proteoglycans account for 5% of the total basal lamina. Approximately 20% of the total GAGs were susceptible to heparitinase or nitrous acid oxidation which degrades specifically heparan sulfates, and approximately 80% were susceptible to digestion with chondroitinase ABC, which degrades chondroitin-4 and -6 sulfates and dermatan sulfate. Our experiments provide evidence that asymmetric AChE and carbohydrate components of proteoglycans are associated in the ECM; they also indicate that a heparan sulfate proteoglycan is involved in the anchorage of the collagen-tailed AChE to the synaptic basal lamina. PMID- 3161902 TI - GI symptoms in woman with pulmonary sarcoid. PMID- 3161899 TI - Heparan sulfate proteoglycans from mouse mammary epithelial cells: localization on the cell surface with a monoclonal antibody. AB - Mouse mammary epithelial cells, of the normal murine mammary gland (NMuMG) cell line, bear a heparan sulfate-rich proteoglycan (HSPG) on their surfaces. A hybridoma (281-2) secreting a monoclonal antibody that recognizes this HSPG was produced by fusion of SP-2/0 myeloma cells with spleen cells from rats immunized with NMuMG cells. The 281-2 monoclonal antibody is directed against the core protein of the cell surface HSPG, as demonstrated by (a) recognition of the isolated proteoglycan but not its glycosaminoglycan chains, (b) co-localization of 281-2-specific antigen and radioactive cell surface HSPG on gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and on isopycnic centrifugation, and (c) abolition of immunofluorescent staining of the NMuMG cell surface by the intact, but not the protease-digested ectodomain of the cell surface HSPG. The antibody is specific for cell surface HSPG and does not recognize the HSPG that accumulates extracellularly beneath the basal cell surface. Therefore, the 281-2 antibody may be used to isolate the cell surface HSPG and to explore its distribution in tissues. PMID- 3161903 TI - Tandem separation of labelled human blood platelet membrane glycoproteins by anion-exchange and gel fast protein liquid chromatography. AB - Studies were made of the separation of surface-labelled platelet glycoproteins, solubilized in a non-ionic detergent (Berol 185), on a Mono Q anion-exchange column, coupled to a Superose 12 gel fast protein liquid chromatographic column. Peaks eluted from the anion-exchange and gel columns were subjected to electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels in the presence (non-reducing conditions) or absence (reducing conditions) of disulphide bridges. Labelled electrophoresed glycoprotein bands were rendered visible by fluorography or indirect autoradiography. Platelet membrane glycoproteins Ib, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, V and IX were identified by their apparent molecular weights and their surface labelling characteristics. It was concluded that tandem chromatography can be used to separate platelet membrane proteins and glycoproteins rapidly and with good resolution. PMID- 3161904 TI - Rapid and sensitive determination of zearalenone in cereals by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AB - Zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin of Fusarium species, in cereals can be extracted with acetonitrile-water (3:1), purified on a Florisil column, resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a Nucleosil 50-10 column using 90% water-saturated chloroform-cyclohexane-acetonitrile-ethanol (50:15:2:1) and quantitated by fluorescence measurement. This method is rapid, simple and reproducible, and detects zearalenone in wheat, barley, corn and other cereals with picogram sensitivity. A combination of this HPLC method with a gas-liquid chromatographic method for trichothecenes may be applied to the simultaneous detection of Fusarium mycotoxins (zearalenone, nivalenol and deoxynivalenol) in cereals. PMID- 3161905 TI - 3-Chloroformyl-7-methoxycoumarin as a fluorescent derivatization reagent for alcoholic compounds in liquid chromatography and its use for the assay of 17 oxosteroids in urine. PMID- 3161906 TI - Simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of medroxyprogesterone acetate in human plasma. PMID- 3161907 TI - Social/health maintenance organizations: new policy options for the aged, blind, and disabled. PMID- 3161908 TI - Regulatory roles of T mu and T gamma cells in the collaborative cellular initiation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. AB - The Shwartzman reaction is a classic biologic response in which the coagulation system is activated in vivo. Cellular initiation of the extrinsic coagulation protease cascade can be mediated by one or more limbs of the lymphoid response to diverse biological stimuli. The T cell-instructed monocyte and macrophage responses that have been implicated are mediated by a number of different cellular pathways and are elicited not only by antigens and allogeneic cells but also by other stimuli such as immune complexes and the lipid A moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The latter response has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with bacterial infection. In the rapid collaborative cellular pathway response to LPS, we have described a relatively rigorous requirement for T helper cells in induction of the biosynthesis of tissue factor and Factor VII by monocytes. To elucidate potential regulatory aspects of this cellular procoagulant response, we provide the first evidence for the existence of T suppressor cells for the cellular procoagulant response to LPS by the rapid T cell-instructed pathway. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were separated by cytoaffinity into Fc gamma positive and Fc mu-positive cells and were characterized for their functional properties in the procoagulant response. T mu cells mediated the monocyte response, consistent with their identity with instructor cells. T gamma cells suppressed the response of monocytes to LPS in the presence of T mu cells, suggesting that they possess suppressor function for this response. The T gamma suppressor cells required stimulation by LPS to express their suppressor function and they exerted their suppressive effect directly on the monocyte. The existence and participation of LPS-responsive T suppressor cells on the cellular procoagulant response in vitro add a new dimension to the complexity of the rapid pathway of the collaborative cellular procoagulant response and may be important in the pathogenesis of disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 3161909 TI - Clonal analysis of T lymphocytes in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Evidence for an abnormality affecting individual helper and suppressor T cells. AB - Purified helper-inducer (T4+) and suppressor-cytotoxic (T8+) lymphocytes from eight patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and eight healthy heterosexual donors were examined by limiting dilution analysis for their ability to be clonally expanded. It was demonstrated that viable T4+ and T8+ lymphocytes from patients with AIDS had markedly reduced proportions of clonable cells compared to the healthy donors (T4 = 1:255 vs. 1:34, P = 0.06; T8 = 1:355 vs. 1:55, P = 0.01). However, the cloned T cells that were obtained from the patients with AIDS demonstrated normal proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin and alloantigen, and normal ability to help or suppress pokeweed mitogen-driven IgG synthesis. These results strongly suggest that, in addition to a quantitative diminution of T4+ lymphocytes in AIDS, there is an intrinsic functional defect in the surviving T4+ and T8+ lymphocytes, which is reflected by a severe decrease in their potential for clonal expansion. PMID- 3161911 TI - Secondary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin. An immunohistochemical comparison with primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin ("Merkel cell" carcinoma). AB - Since the initial clinical presentation of visceral neuroendocrine carcinoma is occasionally a cutaneous metastasis, diagnostic confusion with primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin (Merkel cell carcinoma) may ensue. In this study, seven cases of secondary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma were immunohistochemically compared with twenty-one Merkel cell carcinomas for ten antigenic moieties that have been associated with endocrine tumors. Six of seven secondary tumors stained for bombesin, leucine enkephalin, methionine enkephalin, or beta-endorphin, none of which was detected in the primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinomas. These data suggest that immunohistochemical study may be useful in separating primary from secondary neuroendocrine tumors of the skin and may assist in directing clinical attention to the most probable site of visceral neoplasia. PMID- 3161912 TI - Etretinate: management of keratoma hereditaria mutilans in four family members. AB - We are reporting four family members, spanning three generations, who were treated with etretinate for keratoma hereditaria mutilans. All four patients presented with mutilating keratoderma of the palms and soles, and all demonstrated remarkable benefit from the medication. In addition, in the most severely affected individual, several fingers had well-established pseudoainhums that resolved during therapy. PMID- 3161910 TI - Enhancement of the impaired autologous mixed leukocyte reaction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The cellular basis of the impaired autologous mixed leukocyte reaction (AMLR) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was investigated. Non-T cells from normal subjects and from SLE patients were fractionated into low and high density subpopulations. SLE patients were found to have an increased proportion of low density to high density non-T cells when compared to normal subjects. Although normal low-density non-T cells were highly enriched in AMLR stimulatory capacity, SLE low-density non-T cells induced minimal proliferation by autologous T cells. Brief incubation of SLE non-T cells with phorbol myristate acetate or formalin-treated Staphylococcus aureus resulted in marked augmentation of the capacity of those non-T cells to stimulate an AMLR, although the magnitude of the activated non-T cell-induced AMLR did not achieve that observed in normal subjects. No significant alterations in the expression of Ia molecules on the surface of the non-T cells were detected after in vitro activation. These experiments support the hypothesis that the impaired capacity of SLE T lymphocytes to proliferate in response to autologous non-T cells may in part represent a failure of SLE non-T cells to present an appropriate stimulus for the generation of a T cell response. PMID- 3161914 TI - Evaluation and management of the diabetic dental patient. PMID- 3161913 TI - Keratosis punctata of the palmar creases. AB - A 44-year-old man with no family history of keratosis punctata showed, at the age of 19 years, punctiform hyperkeratotic elements confined exclusively to the flexion creases of the palms and digits. We review the literature and comment on the clinical, histologic, and therapeutic aspects of this exceptional dermatosis. PMID- 3161915 TI - Effect of serotonin on the motility of smooth muscles in teats of lactating cows. AB - The effects of serotonin, injected into one udder artery, on teat smooth muscle function were investigated in four lactating cows. Motility of longitudinal smooth muscles was recorded by a plethysmographic technique, and sphincter function by measuring milk leakage from the full udder. Serotonin (40, 120 and 360 micrograms) activated teat muscle tonicity and reduced the volume of milk leakage. The effects on longitudinal smooth muscles were reduced by mianserin and ketanserin (0.375, 1.5 and 6 mg) and by methysergide (1.5 mg). These blocking substances were also effective (0.2, 0.6 and 1.8 mg respectively) in antagonizing the inhibiting action of serotonin on milk leakage. It is suggested that serotonin effects are mediated by receptors of the S2-type. PMID- 3161916 TI - Empirically derived MMPI profile clusters and characteristics of low back pain patients. PMID- 3161917 TI - Retinoic acid stimulates degradation of interstitial collagen fibrils by rat mucosal keratinocytes in vitro. AB - A large body of evidence suggests that retinoids modulate the phenotypic expression of epithelial cells of skin and mucous membranes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of retinoic acid on keratinocyte-mediated collagen breakdown. Keratinocytes derived from the ventral surfaces of the tongues of 4-6 week-old male Wistar rats were established in culture under conditions which are restrictive to growth of fibroblasts, and they were eventually cloned by limiting dilution. The cells were seeded (100,000 cells/cm2) in dishes coated with 3H-labeled, reconstituted type I collagen fibrils and incubated in serum-free medium over a 3-5 day period. Dissolution of the collagen fibrils was monitored by the release of radioactivity to the culture medium. Unstimulated cells metabolized the collagen rather slowly, but addition of retinoic acid in concentrations from 10(-6)M to 10(-8)M resulted in marked acceleration of the degradative process, with complete solubilization of the collagen fibrils in four or five days. The effect of 10(-6)M retinoic acid was of the same order of magnitude as that obtained by addition of a proteolytic activating system either in the form of plasmin or of plasminogen, which is converted to catalytic plasmin by endogenous activators. The effects of retinoic acid and plasminogen/plasmin, however, were not additive. Keratinocytes rendered vitamin A-deficient by cultivation in sera from deficient rats were clearly less effective in degrading the collagen substrate than were "sufficient" cells. Addition of retinoic acid (10(-7)M) enhanced collagen breakdown in both sets of cultures and partially restored the collagenolytic activity of the deficient cells. PMID- 3161918 TI - Educational preparation of hygienists working with special populations in nontraditional settings. PMID- 3161920 TI - Curriculum guidelines for predoctoral pediatric dentistry. PMID- 3161919 TI - A protocol for the treatment of hepatitis patients. PMID- 3161921 TI - Trichilemmal neoplasm developing in seborrheic keratosis--report of two cases. PMID- 3161922 TI - Acceptance of hepatitis B vaccine by Rhode Island dental practitioners. AB - A questionnaire survey of 575 dentists practicing in Rhode Island in March 1983 disclosed minimal acceptance of the hepatitis B vaccine. A total of 162 practicing dentists returned the questionnaire; only 23 general practitioners and nine specialists had received the first of the three required doses of the vaccine. The most frequently stated reasons for not receiving the vaccine were that the dentists were concerned about potential long-term side effects, including AIDS and Guillain-Barre syndrome, and wanted further information about the vaccine. It appears that a more intensive professional education program is needed if dental practitioners are to accept hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 3161923 TI - Angioplasty in total coronary artery occlusion: experience in 76 consecutive patients. AB - The influence of multiple clinical, angiographic and technical variables on the outcome of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was evaluated in a group of 76 consecutive patients with total coronary artery occlusion. Angioplasty was performed successfully in 53% of these patients. The likelihood of successful angioplasty was favorably influenced by: 1) a history of prior myocardial infarction in the distribution of the occluded arterial segment (p = 0.03); 2) an estimated maximal duration of arterial occlusion of less than 20 weeks (p less than 0.001); and 3) a length of nonvisualized arterial segment distal to the point of occlusion of less than 1.5 cm (p = 0.03). The outcome of coronary angioplasty was not significantly influenced by the vessel involved, the location of the occlusion within an involved vessel, the morphology of the occlusion (tapered versus abrupt) or the age and sex of the patient. There were no deaths and no vascular perforations. Four patients had recurrent coronary occlusion within 24 hours of the procedure; in three of these, recurrent occlusion was successfully treated with reangioplasty and in one, emergent surgical revascularization was performed. Embolic occlusion of an arterial branch distal to the point of total coronary occlusion occurred in 4 of the 40 successfully recanalized arteries. Seventy-five percent of patients having successful recanalization of an occluded coronary artery were free of the anginal symptoms that had prompted performance of the procedure at a mean follow-up period of 7.3 months. Thus, angioplasty of a total coronary artery occlusion can be performed safely and effectively, particularly in patients with a history of prior myocardial infarction, a brief estimated duration of coronary occlusion and a short nonvisualized occluded arterial segment. PMID- 3161924 TI - Left ventricular diastolic function in elite athletes with physiologic cardiac hypertrophy. AB - Left ventricular hypertrophy due to aortic stenosis, hypertension and other forms of heart disease is associated with abnormalities of diastolic function. It is uncertain whether these changes are an inherent consequence of the hypertrophic process or represent additional pathologic factors. To investigate this issue, echocardiographic indexes of left ventricular early diastolic function in highly trained athletes were compared with those in age-matched normal control subjects. Athletes were equally classified into two groups: 11 swimmers who had a pattern of myocardial hypertrophy with normal wall thickness to dimension ratio and 11 power lifters whose wall thickness to dimension ratio was increased. The peak rates of left ventricular dimension increase and wall thinning in swimmers and power lifters were greater than in control subjects despite significantly higher left ventricular wall thickness and left ventricular mass index in the athletes. This increase in diastolic function indexes was associated with greater ventricular size and systolic performance. Normalization of the peak rate of dimension increase for end-diastolic dimension and adjustment of the peak rate of wall thinning for the fractional systolic thickening resolved any differences between groups. Thus, after the effects of ventricular size and systolic function were taken into consideration, diastolic function was normal in these subjects with considerable physiologic hypertrophy. This is in contrast to the findings in patients with hypertrophy associated with left ventricular pressure or volume overload, and suggests that abnormalities of diastolic function seen in pathologic hypertrophy are due to factors other than cardiac hypertrophy itself. PMID- 3161925 TI - Increased right ventricular wall thickness in left ventricular pressure overload: echocardiographic determination of hypertrophic response of the "nonstressed" ventricle. AB - Left ventricular hypertrophy in left ventricular pressure overload occurs in response to excessive work load imposed on the left ventricle by increased impedance to ejection. Right ventricular hypertrophy may occur in patients with these findings, but has been considered to be secondary to pulmonary hypertension. To determine the frequency of right ventricular hypertrophy and its relation to increased left ventricular wall thickness in patients with left ventricular pressure overload, right ventricular wall thickness was measured using M-mode echocardiography with two-dimensional echocardiographic guidance in 65 patients with left ventricular pressure overload; 49 patients had essential hypertension and 16 had aortic valve stenosis. These measurements were compared with data from 13 patients with "thin-walled" dilated cardiomyopathy and 20 normal subjects. Average right ventricular wall thickness in hypertensive patients (7 +/- 2 mm) and patients with aortic stenosis (6 +/- 2 mm) was significantly greater than that in normal subjects (4 +/- 1 mm) and patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (4 +/- 1 mm) who had normal left ventricular wall thickness, even though left ventricular mass was increased in all patient groups. Increased right ventricular wall thickness was present in 40 (80%) of 49 patients with hypertension and 10 (63%) of 16 patients with aortic stenosis. The magnitude of increase in right ventricular wall thickness was linearly correlated (r = 0.76, p less than 0.005) with left ventricular wall thickness, but was not associated with pulmonary hypertension. It is concluded that increased right ventricular wall thickness is common in patients with left ventricular pressure overload, is directly related to increases in left ventricular wall thickness, and is independent of right ventricular hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3161926 TI - Electrocardiographic detection of left ventricular hypertrophy: development and prospective validation of improved criteria. AB - To develop improved electrocardiographic criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy, individual electrocardiographic voltage measurements were compared with echocardiographic left ventricular mass in a "learning series" of 414 subjects. The strongest independent relations with left ventricular mass were exhibited by the S wave in lead V3, the R wave in lead a VL and the T wave in lead V1 (each p less than 0.001), and by age and sex. Better electrocardiographic detection of left ventricular hypertrophy was achieved by new criteria that stratified QRS voltage and repolarization findings in sex and age subsets. For men, at all ages, left ventricular hypertrophy is suggested by QRS voltage alone when the R wave in lead aVL and the S wave in lead V3 total more than 35 mm. When this voltage exceeds 22 mm, left ventricular hypertrophy is suggested in men under age 40 years when the T wave in lead V1 is positive (greater than or equal to 0 mm), and in men 40 years or older when the T wave in lead V1 is at least 2 mm. For women, at all ages, left ventricular hypertrophy is suggested when the R wave in lead a VL and the S wave in lead V3 total more than 25 mm. When this voltage exceeds 12 mm, left ventricular hypertrophy is suggested in women under 40 when the T wave in lead V1 is positive (greater than or equal to 0 mm), and in women over 40 when the T wave in lead V1 is 2 mm or greater.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3161927 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic monitoring during percutaneous endomyocardial biopsy. AB - The use of two-dimensional echocardiography in four successive views was assessed to determine the optimal view for localizing a transvenous percutaneous bioptome in 23 consecutive patients undergoing right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy. The biopsy catheter tip was viewed in 21 (91%) of the 23 patients. The apical four chamber view allowed visualization of the bioptome head in 19 patients (83%), the subcostal view in 8 (34%) and the long-axis view in 4 (17%). The parasternal short-axis view was not helpful in any patient. Biplane fluoroscopy was not reliable in localizing the bioptome head against the interventricular septum and did not identify inadvertent septal perforation in one patient. Echocardiography also can be used to immediately identify possible complications. PMID- 3161928 TI - Epicardial wall motion and left ventricular function during coronary graft angioplasty in humans. AB - Epicardial wall motion and left ventricular function changes during temporary coronary artery occlusion were assessed in a patient at the time of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty performed on a previously placed stenotic coronary artery bypass graft. Epicardial wall motion was analyzed using biplane cineradiography with frame to frame measurements of distances between pairs of radiopaque epicardial markers placed at the time of previous cardiac surgery. Bypass graft occlusion after initial dilation led to the early onset of a biphasic epicardial late systolic lengthening and early diastolic shortening similar to the regional wall motion abnormality preceding the procedure. PMID- 3161929 TI - A long look at surgery for coarctation of aorta. PMID- 3161930 TI - Percutaneous balloon angioplasty in an infant with obstructed total anomalous pulmonary vein return. AB - This is a report of successful dilation of stenosis of the common trunk in a case of total anomalous pulmonary vein return into the left superior vena cava in a 3 month old infant. Percutaneous angioplasty was performed with a 6 mm diameter balloon catheter. Right ventricular systolic pressure decreased from 96 to 60 mm Hg, mean pulmonary vein pressure decreased from 26 to 14 mm Hg and left ventricular systolic pressure increased from 70 to 90 mm Hg. PMID- 3161932 TI - 3H-cyproterone acetate: binding characteristics to human uterine progestagen receptors. AB - The availability of tritium labeled cyproterone acetate (CPA) facilitated the systematic investigation of the binding characteristics of this compound for human uterine progesterone receptors (PgR). The binding parameters of 3H-CPA are compared to those of 3H-R5020 and 3H-progesterone. The rate constants of association (k1M-1sec-1) to PgR were 7.8 X 10(3) for 3H-R5020, 4.5 X 10(4) for 3H progesterone and 4.0 X 10(4) for 3H-CPA. The rate constants of dissociation (k-1, sec-1) were 3.6 X 10(-5) for 3H-R5020, 21.3 X 10(-5) for 3H-progesterone and 17.8 X 10(-5) for 3H-CPA. The Kd-values (M), as obtained by titration analysis and subsequent Scatchard plot analysis were 1.2 X 10(-9) for 3H-R5020, 6.0 X 10(-9) for 3H-progesterone and 5.2 X 10(-9) for 3H-CPA. On sucrose density gradient analysis binding in the 3.5, 5 and 8 S area could be observed using 3H-R5020. For 3H-progesterone and 3H-CPA binding was exclusively found in the 5 S area. The specificity of the steroid binding site of PgR is identical for 3H-R5020 and 3H CPA. The order of potency of binding for various competitors decreases identically for both radioactive ligands: R5020 less than progesterone less than R1881 less than CPA less than dihydrotestosterone less than dexamethasone less than cyproterone less than 15 beta-OH-cyproterone. CPA resembles progesterone very closely in its binding characteristics to human uterine PgR. PMID- 3161931 TI - Effects of diabetes, beta-hydroxybutyric acid and metabolic acidosis on the pituitary-thyroid axis in the rat. AB - Previous studies demonstrated alterations of thyroidal economy in untreated diabetes mellitus both in man and experimental animals. To test the role of beta hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) and acidosis in generating such changes, we studied the pituitary-thyroid axis of streptozotocin-diabetic rats, BHB or ammonium chloride (NH4Cl)-treated normal rats. Serum TSH, pituitary content and pituitary concentration of TSH, serum T4, T3 and free T4 (FT4), were all measured by RIA. In short term (2 days) diabetic rats the pituitary content of TSH was normal whereas the concentration (per mg of protein) was elevated (p less than 0.05 versus control group). Serum TSH (p less than 0.05), serum T4 (p less than 0.05), serum T3 (p less than 0.01) and serum FT4 (p less than 0.05) were all significantly decreased. In long term (30 days) untreated diabetic rats serum changes were similar to the short term diabetic group, though the pituitary content of TSH was significantly decreased (p less than 0.05). Animals treated with NH4Cl had no variations from controls. However, rats treated with BHB displayed a significant decrease in pituitary content of TSH (p less than 0.05), pituitary concentration of TSH (p less than 0.05) and in plasma TSH (p less than 0.01), and normal thyroid hormones in serum. No significant changes were seen in the TSH response to TRH in 2 or 30 days untreated diabetic and in BHB - treated animals. The data suggest that BHB, although not NH4Cl acidosis, may be capable of inducing a moderate depression of pituitary and plasma TSH of a lesser magnitude of that accompanying the full, long term diabetic state in the rat. PMID- 3161933 TI - Adrenocortical carcinoma with Cushing's syndrome presenting unusual urinary 17 ketosteroid fractionation. AB - A case of adrenal carcinoma with Cushing's syndrome was presented. Endocrinological and morphological investigations disclosed the presence of a functional adrenal carcinoma. This case was characterized by its unusual urinary 17-ketosteroid (17-KS) fractionation, i.e. a marked elevation of 17-KS was accompanied by the increments of etiocholanolone, but not of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) or androsterone. Measurements of the plasma adrenocorticosteroids revealed normal DHEA and DHEA-S (sulfate) levels, moderately increased 17-OH-pregnenolone, and markedly increased (less than 100 times the normal) 11-deoxycortisol (cpd S). Therefore, it seems plausible that the normal urinary DHEA level in this patient would have occurred as a result of remarkably low C17-20 lyase activity sufficient to hamper DHEA production, and that markedly increased etiocholanolone might possibly have been converted from cpd S as well as from DHEA and androstenedione through 5 beta-reduction. PMID- 3161935 TI - Characteristics of older nonrespondents over five waves of a panel study. AB - This study examines attrition from a large probability sample of older adults over five waves of data collection, each 6 months apart. Respondents to all five waves and groups differing in the wave or reason they dropped out were compared on initial psychological, health, social, demographic and life event measures. For men, in general, the better their initial conditions, the greater the number of interviews. For women, however, differences among groups participating for different lengths of time were nonlinear. For both men and women, these differences were accounted for by changing sources (types) of attrition across waves, plus strong differences among attrition types. In general, respondents to all five waves initially had better conditions than persons who died, became ill, or were not found at a later wave, but had equal or worse conditions than persons who lost interest in the study. PMID- 3161936 TI - [Cystic dystrophy of the urinary excretory mucosa. An unusual cause of recurring urinary tract infection in pregnancy]. AB - Cystic pyeloureteritis is an uncommon anatomo-radiological phenomenon which occurs following injuries to the mucosa often accompanied by inflammatory changes. Treatment is not well defined and the prognosis for renal function is problematic. The authors report one case that occurred after delivery. The literature has been reviewed and the case described has been discussed. Attention has been focused on infections of the urinary tract in pregnancy and the long term prognosis. This appears to be worse when it is associated with the not uncommon abnormalities of the urinary tract. These should be looked for systematically using ultrasound and intravenous pyelogram techniques. PMID- 3161937 TI - [Luteal insufficiency and endometriosis. Comparative study of plasma progesterone and of the evolutionary stage]. AB - 24 patients who had more than two years of infertility were checked by laparoscopic and hormone (plasma progesterone) tests at the 21st-23rd day of the cycle. Two comparable groups were found: Group A with no visible endometriosis, and Group B with obvious endometriosis (stage I, IIa, IIb according to Kistner's classification). There is a significant difference between the two groups as far as the levels of progesterone in the plasma are concerned, because they are lower in Group B than in Group A. On the other hand, there is no correlation to be demonstrated between the severity of the endometriosis and the low level of progesterone. PMID- 3161934 TI - Activation of PRL secretion by combined treatment with cyproterone acetate and ethinylestradiol. AB - Two groups of patients affected by idiopathic androgenization have been treated with ethinylestradiol (EE) associated with two different (high and low) dosages of cyproterone acetate (CA); the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible endocrine side effects at the pituitary level. After three and six months of treatment gonadotropins secretion appeared significantly inhibited with higher evidence for LH than for FSH and especially in the patients on high dose of CA. Nevertheless the most impressive finding was represented by the increase in PRL responses to TRH documented when higher doses of CA were employed without significant change in TSH secretion. The Authors suggest that such PRL hyperresponsiveness cannot be completely disregarded in the management of idiopathic androgenization. PMID- 3161938 TI - [Per-celioscopic ampullosalpingoscopy]. AB - If a soft malleable thin calibre fibroscope is used it is possible to look into the ampulla endoscopically while carrying out laparoscopy. The technique of the operation will be described. An analysis of the results of the investigation carried out on 96 patients (179 tubes) shows that this procedure is possible to be done harmlessly as a routine measure. This investigation has shown some particular aspects of the intra-ampullary landscape. A change in the folds of the ampulla was seen in women exposed to DES in utero. After the folds had been operated on in cases of hydrosalpinx scars persisted in the ampulla. Early diagnostic of possible ectopic pregnancies was possible. Laparoscopic ampulla salpingoscopy shows changes in the pattern of the intra-ampullary folds that could not be foreseen in about 40% of cases that had simple hysterosalpingography. This is a particularly important finding in women who have unexplained sterility. Furthermore, tubal endoscopy can often make it possible to break down and to cut pathological interfimbrial adhesions. Using this technique in 17 patients who had been sterile for more than 40 months, it was possible to achieve 11 intra-uterine pregnancies after less than 4 months interval. PMID- 3161939 TI - [Acute gonococcal salpingitis]. AB - The authors describe their experience in handling cases of acute salpingitis in a retrospective study that lasted six years. The protocol of investigation in particular consisted in routine laparoscopy and a complete bacteriological investigation. 266 patients had laparoscopy on suspicion of salpingitis and the diagnosis was confirmed in 199 cases (64.8%). Out of the 134 patients who were fully explored bacteriologically and kept in the study the principal group consisted of cases of gonococcal salpingitis (41.8%), whereas 29.8% of the cases had infection with opportunistic pathogens and 28.3% were of doubtful aetiology or where no bacteria were discovered. The figures for recovery of gonococcal bacteria were constant throughout the six years of the study. Gonococcal salpingitis occurred more often in younger women (the mean age was 24.4 years). The signs that were statistically most frequent were: discharge, metrorrhagia and a raised sedimentation rate. The differences that concerned the epidemiology of the cases as well as the clinical and bacteriological data as given in our series and in the literature are presented and discussed. PMID- 3161940 TI - Suppression and contrasuppression in the induction of contact sensitivity by the administration of cellbound antigen-antibody complexes. AB - The tolerogenic signal produced by the i.v. injection of haptenated peritoneal exudate cells can be converted to an immunogenic signal by treating the cells with antibody to the hapten before administration. We examined this phenomenon and found that immunity induced by antigen-antibody complexes, as opposed to skin sensitization, is resistant to suppressor T cell influences. This resistance to suppression is due to the activation of an I-J+, Ly-1 T cell population which adheres to the Vicia villosa lectin, all characteristics of contrasuppressor T cells. Because haptenated cells can induce immunity if injected subcutaneously or into cyclophosphamide-pretreated recipients (thereby avoiding the induction of suppressor cells), we suggest that the activation of contrasuppressor cells by antigen-antibody complexes overrides suppressive influences in the host, allowing immunity to become dominant. The possible roles of suppression and contrasuppression in channeling the effector arm of the immune response (e.g., contact sensitivity vs humoral immunity) are discussed. PMID- 3161941 TI - Allogeneic leukocyte and germ cell-induced murine immunodeficiency. AB - Immune deficiency, as defined by significant decreases in lymphocyte Con A and allo-reactivity and in natural killer (NK) function, was induced in normal adult mice by i.p. injections of combinations of allogeneic testicular germ cells and splenic leukocytes over 3 wk. This immune deficiency was evident at 8 wk after initial injection, and profound by 12 wk. Neither leukocytes nor testicular cells, given alone, were able to induce similar immune deficiency. These findings suggest the possibility that allogeneic germ cells and leukocytes of semen, on repeated administration, may induce immune deficiency and may act as co-factors to viral agents in the development of clinical AIDS in humans. PMID- 3161942 TI - Functional recognition of bacterial mitogens by B lymphoma cells: reactivity of WEHI 279.1 to lipopolysaccharide and selection of nonreactive variants. AB - To analyze functional mitogen recognition by reactive B lymphocytes, we studied the effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the growth of the WEHI 279.1 B lymphoma line (W279). We found that LPS inhibits, in a dose-dependent manner, the growth of W279 cells in culture and that it reduces the frequency of cells growing as clones under limiting dilution conditions. Furthermore, we show that differential reactivity of "wild-type" cells to increasing LPS concentrations reflects the heterogeneity in the lymphoma cell population and the frequencies of "resistant" variants to each mitogenic concentration. This allowed us to derive variant tumor cell lines and clones, no longer LPS sensitive, either from mass cultures or, in a single-step selection, under limiting dilution conditions in the presence of low and high concentrations of LPS. Although mitogen reactivity is progressively lost upon prolonged culture, resistance to LPS was found to be a stable trait in selected variants, suggesting that it results from loss of functional mitogen recognition by the reactive cells. The specificity of mitogen reactivity or resistance was shown by the fact that some of the variant clones are still reactive to T helper cell-derived factors and others are not. Thus reactivity to LPS and to T cell factors can be separated, suggesting that the cell lines described here provide new tools for the biochemical analysis of B cell activation. PMID- 3161944 TI - Purification and functional analysis of the polymorphic variants of the C3b/C4b receptor (CR1) and comparison with H, C4b-binding protein (C4bp), and decay accelerating factor (DAF). AB - Four CR1 variants have been found in the normal population and are designated CR1 A (190,000 daltons), CR1-B (220,000 daltons), CR1-C (160,000 daltons), and CR1-D (250,000 daltons). In the present study, we first developed an improved chromatographic purification scheme for CR1 that does not employ a C3b affinity step. CR1 variants (A, B, and C) were then isolated, and their individual functional activity was assessed. Each possessed similar co-factor activity for I mediated cleavage of C3(H2O), as well as for the inhibitory activity for fluid phase C3 convertases. These results indicate that, despite relatively large Mr differences, in the purified state these three CR1 variants have similar functional activities. The functional activity of CR1 was also compared with C4bp, H, and decay accelerating factor (DAF) in fluid phase assays designed to assess the inhibition of the C3 convertases and co-factor activity. On a molar basis, CR1 had approximately the same inhibitory activity as C4bp for the classical pathway convertase, and had the same as H for the alternative pathway convertase. These results indicate that CR1 encompasses the functional capabilities of both proteins. They also raise a number of interesting genetic and structural questions in regard to these complement regulatory proteins, because C4bp is thought to have multiple C4b binding domains, whereas H is reported to bind one C3b. DAF was an approximately fourfold better inhibitor of the alternative pathway convertase than CR1 or H, but was a fourfold less efficient inhibitor of the classical pathway convertase than CR1 or C4bp. The effective inhibitory capacity of DAF in these fluid phase assay systems suggests that the DAF substrate specificity is for the convertases. Fluid phase CR1 was twofold less efficient than H in serving as a co-factor for the first cleavage of fluid phase C3b, and hardly mediated the second cleavage. These data are in contrast to the co-factor activity of CR1 on a cell membrane, and provide additional evidence for the local environment being a critical modulator of the function of proteins that regulate the activation of C3. PMID- 3161943 TI - Biochemical characterization of murine lymphoid alloantigen Ly-m20.2, a cell surface marker controlled by a gene linked to the Mls locus. AB - The lymphoid alloantigen Ly-m20.2 is expressed on the majority of B cells and a wide variety of hemopoietic cells including stem cells. However, it is not detectable on T lymphocytes. Genetic studies indicate that expression of Ly-m20.2 is controlled by a gene(s) closely linked to the M1s locus. Our present biochemical analysis shows that Ly-m20.2 is a monomeric glycoprotein of 55,000 to 60,000 daltons, with no detectable intramolecular disulfide bonds. The Ly-m20.2 molecules of tissues and clonal cell lines exhibit size and charge heterogeneity that can be eliminated by the complete removal of N-linked sugars with the enzyme endo-F or by inhibiting glycosylation with tunicamycin. The resulting unglycosylated Ly-m20.2 molecule migrates as a single band of 40,000 daltons in SDS-gels and behaves as a single charge species in IEF. The Ly-m20.2 antigen was compared biochemically with two other alloantigens: LyM-1, an alloantigen whose expression is also controlled by gene(s) tightly linked to the M1s locus, and Ly 17.1, an alloantigen serologically allelic to the Ly-m20.2 antigen. Immunoprecipitates obtained with the respective LyM-1 and Ly-17.1 antisera yielded similar 55,000 to 60,000 dalton molecules from cells of the appropriate mouse strains. In the case of LyM-1, sequential immunoprecipitation provided evidence that Ly-m20.2 and LyM-1 are identical. PMID- 3161946 TI - Fibronectin-enhanced phagocytosis of an alternative pathway activator by human culture-derived macrophages is mediated by the C4b/C3b complement receptor (CR1). AB - We examined the ability of human monocytes and culture-derived macrophages under serum-free conditions to phagocytose desialated sheep erythrocytes (E), an activator of the alternative pathway of human complement. Freshly derived monocytes ingested desialated erythrocytes, but the degree of phagocytosis varied among individual donors. However, exposing the phagocyte to intact plasma fibronectin (Fn) had no effect on monocyte phagocytosis. Macrophages derived from monocytes in culture were far more efficient at ingesting desialated E, and the extent of phagocytosis was proportional to the degree of desialation. Although exposure of macrophages to substrate-bound Fn or fluid-phase Fn enhanced the phagocytosis of desialated E, pretreatment of desialated E with Fn did not enhance phagocytosis, demonstrating that Fn acted through an interaction with the macrophages. Fn-enhanced phagocytosis of desialated E was inhibited by treating macrophages with a monoclonal antibody to the C4b/C3b receptor (CR1), but not with a monoclonal antibody to the receptor for C3bi (CR3). Addition of cobra venom factor (CVF) to the macrophages also inhibited Fn-enhanced phagocytosis of desialated E. Phagocytosis of IgG-sensitized E, either in the absence or in the presence of Fn, was not significantly affected by anti-CR1 or CVF, demonstrating that these reagents did not lead to a general inhibition of phagocytosis. These experiments suggest that macrophages may deposit enough C3b onto desialated E to cause CR1-mediated phagocytosis in the presence of Fn. The ability of macrophages to opsonize and ingest foreign particles that activate complement may be critically important in areas of inflammation where concentrations of serum derived specific opsonins may be inadequate. PMID- 3161945 TI - Factor I co-factor activity of CR1 overcomes the protective effect of IgG on covalently bound C3b residues. AB - We have shown previously that C3b resides in a protected site when it is covalently bound to IgG (C3b-IgG). Such C3b displays a reduced affinity for factor H, with consequent enhanced survival in the presence of factors H and I and increased capacity for promoting alternative pathway consumption of C3. Because erythrocyte CR1 may be a major co-factor for factor I-mediated inactivation of immune complex-borne C3b in blood, we have examined the effect of covalently bound IgG on the C3b-CR1 interaction. Binding of monomeric C3b and C3b IgG to human erythrocyte CR1 demonstrates identical ionic strength dependence for both species. Identical numbers of binding sites with indistinguishable affinities are detected by both ligands. Cleavage of the alpha'-chain of C3b and the alpha'-heavy chain of C3b-IgG proceeds at the same rate when erythrocyte CR1 serves as co-factor for factor I. Unlike factor H, CR1 supports a second cleavage of fluid-phase iC3b alpha'1 chain (free or bound to IgG) that generates C3c and a 33,000 m.w. fragment, which bears antigenic markers characteristic of C3g. Inactivation of C3b and C3b-IgG by CR1 and factor I also occurs at physiologic ionic strength, but proceeds very slowly relative to rates attainable with sub physiologic inputs of factor H. CR1 does not recognize IgG-bound C3b as being in a protected site but, because of low binding affinity at physiologic ionic strength, is probably highly dependent on multivalent ligand-receptor interactions to efficiently exert its co-factor functions. Thus, inactivation of C3b-IgG heterodimers or small immune complexes bearing limited numbers of C3b residues may remain largely factor H-dependent in vivo, with resultant enhanced C3b survival. PMID- 3161948 TI - The fibrinogenolytic activity of purified tryptase from human lung mast cells. AB - The capacity of purified tryptase from human lung mast cells to metabolize human fibrinogen, fibrin, and plasminogen was evaluated. Tryptase (5 micrograms/ml) inactivated the thrombin-induced clotting activity of fibrinogen (100 micrograms/ml) with essentially similar t 1/2 values of 4.6 min in the absence of heparin and 5.8 min in the presence of heparin (20 micrograms/ml) that were not appreciably different than with lysine-Sepharose-purified plasmin (5 micrograms/ml). Fibrinogen treated with tryptase together with heparin lost all detectable clotting activity by 4 hr at 37 degrees C, whereas fibrinogen treated with tryptase alone resulted in destruction of only 80% of fibrinogen clotting equivalents after 16 hr. Tryptase alone was observed to cleave only the alpha chains of fibrinogen by electrophoresis of tryptase-treated, denatured, and reduced fibrinogen in polyacrylamide gradient gels. Tryptase together with heparin cleaved first the alpha-chain and then the beta-chain, the latter cleavage corresponding to complete loss of fibrinogen clotting activity by 4 hr. No fibrinogen fragments with anticoagulant activity were generated by tryptase. In contrast, plasmin left no residual clotting activity after 4 hr of incubation and generated fibrinogen fragments with anticoagulant activity. Plasmin sequentially cleaved the alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of fibrinogen. Tryptase alone (6 micrograms/ml) or together with heparin (20 micrograms/ml) failed to activate plasminogen (0.6 mg/ml) after a 60-min incubation at 37 degrees C. Addition of urokinase to tryptase-treated or untreated plasminogen resulted in essentially identical plasmin activities (0.32 and 0.34 U/ml, respectively), indicating that tryptase neither activates nor destroys plasminogen. Tryptase (700 ng) also failed to substantially solubilize cross-linked fibrin (2.6 micrograms) or the corresponding amount of fibrinogen bound to plastic microtiter plates with or without heparin. The failure to solubilize fibrinogen and, possibly, fibrin is consistent with the observation that the apparent m.w. by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of unreduced fibrinogen is not appreciably altered by prior treatment with tryptase, even though cleavage of alpha-and beta chains is revealed after reduction. Fibrinogenolysis by tryptase complements other mast cell mediators with anticoagulant properties such as heparin and suggests a significant prevention of coagulation by activated mast cells. PMID- 3161947 TI - Regulation of mediator release from mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells by glucocorticoids. AB - Mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC), which were differentiated from their bone marrow precursors during 14 days of culture in the presence of a T cell lymphokine, were cultured in the absence or in the presence of 0.01 to 5 microM dexamethasone (DEX) for periods of 6 to 96 hr to assess the effects of steroid treatment on stimulus-dependent mediator release. Preincubation of the BMMC for 24 hr with DEX inhibited the subsequent immunoglobulin (Ig) E-dependent release of beta-hexosaminidase in a dose-dependent manner by up to 38% (mean, n = 7) at 1 microM DEX, and the decrease was statistically significant at DEX concentrations greater than or equal to 0.5 microM. DEX (1 microM) inhibited granule secretion from BMMC in a time-dependent manner; the decrease was statistically significant after a preincubation period of 6 hr, was maximal after preincubation times greater than or equal to 24 hr, and was reversible by 24 hr of incubation in medium lacking the steroid. Preincubation for 24 hr with DEX also inhibited the IgE-dependent biosynthesis and release of the immunoreactive leukotrienes (LT)C4 and LTB4 in a dose-dependent manner by up to 56% (n = 7) and 54% (n = 7), respectively, at 1 microM DEX, and the decrease was statistically significant for each product at DEX concentrations greater than or equal to 0.1 microM. In contrast, BMMC preincubated with DEX for 24 hr before sensitization and antigen challenge demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the release of immunoreactive prostaglandin (PG) D2 at DEX concentrations greater than or equal to 0.1 microM and a maximal enhancement of 188% (n = 3) at 1 microM DEX. The effect of 1 microM DEX on the enhancement of IgE-dependent PGD2 generation was significant after 6 hr, and was maximal by 72 hr. The inhibitory effects of DEX on the antigen-induced release of 5-lipoxygenase pathway products were confirmed by the physical measurements of 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) and LTC4, and by isotopic measurement of [3H]LTC4 after reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). As assessed by fluorescence cytofluorography of IgE-sensitized BMMC that were interacted with F(ab')2 rabbit anti-mouse epsilon and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled F(ab')2 goat anti rabbit IgG-F(ab')2, the number of IgE-Fc receptors on the cell surface decreased by more than 55% after treatment for 24 hr with 1 microM DEX.+ PMID- 3161950 TI - The mouse macrophage receptor for C3bi (CR3) is a major mechanism in the phagocytosis of Leishmania promastigotes. AB - We examined the role of the macrophage receptor for C3bi, the CR3, in the phagocytosis of Leishmania major promastigotes and report that M1/70, a monoclonal antibody to the CR3, inhibited the binding of leishmania to macrophages both when the assays were performed in the presence of normal serum and in its absence. In serum, leishmania activate complement and fix C3. Fixation and subsequent cleavage to C3bi occurs rapidly, and by as early as 5 min both forms of the molecule can be identified on the parasites' surface. Complement fixation results in an enhanced phagocytosis of leishmania promastigotes by mouse macrophages. In the case of L. major, 63% of this serum-enhanced binding is inhibitable by M1/70. Binding assays were also performed in the absence of serum with the use of thoroughly washed promastigotes. The addition of M1/70 inhibited binding under these conditions by 54%. Two other rat monoclonal antibodies directed against different antigens on the macrophage plasma membrane did not inhibit binding. M1/70 did not inhibit the binding of promastigotes to rat bone marrow cells, nor did it inhibit IgG-SRBC binding to mouse peritoneal macrophages. These data indicate that the inhibition observed in the presence of M1/70 was specific for the CR3 and that the macrophage receptor for C3bi plays a major role in the phagocytosis of Leishmania major promastigotes, even in the absence of serum. PMID- 3161949 TI - Fc gamma receptors on rat eosinophils: isotype-dependent cell activation. AB - Fc receptors for rat IgG subclasses (IgG2a, IgG2c, and IgG1) were studied on rat eosinophils by rosette formation with erythrocytes coated with monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) or anti-Ig antisera in a reverse assay. Inhibition experiments revealed that IgG2a and IgG2c bind to the same receptor (IgG2a/IgG2c Fc receptor), distinct from the receptor for IgG1. In addition to the recent demonstration of the blocking effect of IgG2c antibodies in immunity to schistosomes, the present results show that the existence of this common receptor led to the specific inhibition by IgG2c of IgG2a-mediated eosinophil peroxidase release. Kinetic experiments on Schistosoma mansoni-infected rat eosinophils indicate that the IgG2a/IgG2c Fc receptors were occupied by cytophilic antibodies of the IgG2a isotype during the early phase of infection and by IgG2c thereafter. By rosette experiments it was possible to displace both in vivo and in vitro cytophilically bound IgG2a from its receptor. These results confirm, therefore, the major role played by antibodies in the modulation of eosinophil effector function during schistosomiasis. They underline, moreover, the possible isotypic regulation of cell activation. PMID- 3161952 TI - Oral health status of certified school children of Mysore state--a report. PMID- 3161951 TI - Circadian variations of autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions and endogenous cortisol. AB - The degree of proliferation of human T cells stimulated with autologous PHA-T cells and with autologous non-T cells displays circadian variations. The highest proliferation occurs with cells isolated from blood drawn at 8 a.m. in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) with autologous PHA-T cells and from blood drawn at 8 p.m. in MLR with autologous non-T cells. The circadian variations of autologous MLRs appear to reflect changes in the proliferative response of T cells. In autologous MLRs with non-T cells as stimulators the extent of proliferation was inversely correlated with the level of endogenous cortisol. The circadian variations of autologous MLRs do not reflect non-specific changes in the proliferative and stimulatory properties of T and non-T cells, since circadian variations were not observed in the proliferative response of T cells to mitogens and in allogeneic MLRs. Circadian variations of autologous MLRs must be taken into account when analyzing abnormalities of these reactions in pathological conditions. PMID- 3161953 TI - The effect of antibiotics on the growth of Legionella pneumophila in guinea-pig alveolar phagocytes infected in vivo by an aerosol. AB - The likely efficacy of four antibiotics of possible use in the treatment of Legionnaires' disease was assessed in terms of their capacity to inhibit the replication of Legionella pneumophila within guinea-pig alveolar macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) compared with their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in vitro. All the antibiotics used had similar MIC values with regard to L. pneumophila (0.032-0.062 mg/l), but differences of up to 100 fold in the concentration required to eliminate viable intracellular organisms were observed. The most effective antibiotics were found to be rifampicin and ciprofloxacin. These eliminated viable L. pneumophila from alveolar macrophages and PMN at concentrations of 0.005 and 0.01 mg/l respectively, whereas erythromycin and gentamicin required higher concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/l respectively. It is suggested that assays performed in cultures of relevant cells may provide useful additional means of assessing antibiotic efficacy against intracellular pathogens and help to explain discrepancies otherwise observed between in vitro and in vivo findings. PMID- 3161954 TI - Studies on ciprofloxacin therapy of experimental Legionnaires' disease. AB - The concentration of ciprofloxacin in the serum and tissues of normal guinea-pigs was monitored after intramuscular and oral administration. Significant concentrations were attained in the kidneys, but higher doses were required before serum and lung concentrations became measurable. Ciprofloxacin, given parenterally, prevented pyrexia and death of guinea-pigs infected by aerosols of Legionella pneumophila. Although it markedly reduced the number of bacteria in the lungs, it did not prevent the development of pulmonary lesions. Ciprofloxacin administered orally was not so effective in preventing death, although pyrexia was prevented and numbers of bacteria in the lungs of guinea-pigs were reduced. The low minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of ciprofloxacin against L. pneumophila together with the in vivo results observed suggest that this antibiotic could be of value in the treatment of human beings suffering from Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 3161955 TI - Transient absence of C5a-specific neutrophil function in inflammatory disorders of the skin. AB - Chemotactic migration, production of superoxide anion (O2-), and the release of beta-glucuronidase from azurophilic granules were determined in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from 135 patients with infectious (e.g., pyoderma, acne conglobata, erysipelas) as well as noninfectious (psoriasis) skin diseases. Purified C5a and the formylated tripeptide FMLP were used as stimuli. In addition, longitudinal profiles of PMN activities were performed at daily intervals in several patients. There was a complete absence of PMN responses (chemotaxis, O2--production, and enzyme release) specifically induced by C5a in 25 patients suffering from various inflammatory diseases of the skin. In these patients PMN responsiveness for the tripeptide FMLP was either normal or increased. The C5a-dependent defect of PMN was transient and correlated with disease activity. When normal PMN were incubated with sera from C5a-defective patients, no inherent stimulatory or inhibitory activities compared to control sera were seen. Pretreatment of normal PMN in vitro with various concentrations of C5a failed to completely deactivate PMN without affecting FMLP dependent functions. These observations demonstrate the presence of a functional defect in circulating PMN during acute cutaneous inflammation. The in vitro experiments suggest transient blocking of C5a-dependent PMN functions by a cell-bound factor which seems not to be C5a or C5adesarg. PMID- 3161956 TI - Expression of Leu-8 antigen, a majority T-cell marker, is uncommon in mycosis fungoides. AB - Predominance of mature helper T cells with the Leu-1+, 2-, 3+, 4+, 5+ phenotype was confirmed in 22 biopsy specimens of mycosis fungoides from 15 patients. Dissection of the T helper/inducer cells into phenotypically distinct subsets was performed with the use of a new monoclonal antibody, anti-Leu-8. One might predict a predominance of Leu-8+ in mycosis fungoides, as the known ratio of Leu 8+/Leu-8- cells is approximately 70/30 in the peripheral blood. Unexpectedly, a deficiency of Leu-8 was demonstrated in 18 of the 22 specimens from 13 of 15 patients. This finding could not be attributed to an artifact of the staining method or to therapy, and was present in early- as well as late-stage disease. Whether neoplastic cells in mycosis fungoides derive from Leu-8-subset of T cells at risk for malignant transformation, or whether there is antigen loss with malignant transformation remains to be determined. Implications of our finding with regard to etiopathogenesis of mycosis fungoides are discussed. PMID- 3161957 TI - Acne-like chronic inflammatory activity of Propionibacterium acnes preparations in an animal model: correlation with ability to stimulate the reticuloendothelial system. AB - The ability of strains and fractions of killed propionibacteria suspensions to produce chronic rat ear inflammation after intradermal injection of 70-micrograms aliquots was highly correlated with production of splenomegaly in the mouse after i.p. injection of 1.4 mg Propionibacterium acnes strains CN 6134, VPI 0009, ATCC 11828, and UCLA SC and N1 produced a 2- to 3-fold increase in rat ear thickness and a 5- to 7-fold increase in mouse spleen weight 15 days post injection. In contrast P. granulosum CN 5888, P. acnes UCLA 6S and periodated, acetylated, or 12-h cultures of VPI 0009 were inactive or weakly active as stimulators of chronic ear inflammation and splenomegaly. Active strains produced in the rat ear a transepidermal elimination response characterized by follicular encapsulation and the formation of secondary comedones. These effects correlated with persistence of phagocytized bacteria within macrophages. Furthermore, when rats were first immunized and then challenged with active strains of P. acnes, an increased sensitivity to low doses of P. acnes and a chronic exacerbation of inflammation was observed. PMID- 3161958 TI - [Flow cytometric study on the action of progestogen in patients with adenocarcinoma and precancerous lesions of the endometrium]. AB - Synthetic progestogens have been used in 21 patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma and 6 patients with precancerous lesions. During a program of management with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in an attempt to identify the mechanism by which a remission rate in 30-40% occurred, adenocarcinoma cells were analysed. Histopathologic reactions of endometrial adenocarcinoma treated with MPA 400mg/day through 7 days have been found similar those of normal secretory endometrium such as subnuclear vacuolation, loss of mitotic figure, diminished nuclear size and stromal decidual reaction and regressive changes are highly dose dependent. In detailed analysis of the cell cycle, computerized flow cytometry was employed to quantitate total DNA content following propidium iodide fluorescent staining after RNase treatment. Possible modes of action of MPA on endometrial adenocarcinoma are an increase in the G0+1 fraction corresponding to ploidy reduction. Adenomatous hyperplastic lesions were able to be reversed completely in all patients compared with adenocarcinoma in sixty-six percent. PMID- 3161959 TI - [Effects of long-term high doses of sex steroid hormones on human endometrial adenocarcinoma transplanted into nude mice]. AB - To clarify the minute reactions of endometrial adenocarcinoma to sex steroid hormones, especially gestagen, an in vivo model (AD-30) transplanted into nude mice was established. The AD-30, well differentiated papillo-tubular type, was given 500 micrograms/kg/day of estradiol benzoate (E2) for 50 days or 0.1 100mg/kg/day of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for 120 days. Thereafter sequential histopathological changes, tumor growth curve and volume doubling time (VDT) were investigated as compared to the castrated control group. Histopathological changes: Following E2 administration, the cells increased in number and were packed in the tubular glands, and following a large dose of MPA, while secretory producing fluid was accumulated in the lumen, cells were shrunk, damaged and finally necrosed, but almost un affected cells were also observed. Tumor growth curve and VDT: E2 somewhat lifted the curve and shortened the VDT to 184 hr (control: 250 hr), while MPA produced various curves, some were diminished, some suppressed and others equal to the control group-with additional secretory fluid. Also MPA elongated the VDT to 412 hr. PMID- 3161960 TI - [Inhibitory effects of bisphosphonates on the resorption of alveolar bone in rats]. PMID- 3161961 TI - [Clinical study of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis--mainly on the spinal curvature]. AB - The study was performed to aid in the selection of therapeutic methods for spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. The subjects consisted of 359 cases, whose symptoms were analyzed using various X-ray examinations concerning the spinal curvature, as well as psychological tests. Age at onset of symptoms was most often in the 15-24-year range (34.7%). The symptom rate was 64.9% for spondylolysis and 75.0% for spondylolisthesis, increasing with age. The symptoms were almost all seen in the lumbar region. Abnormal mobility of the pars interarticularis was observed in 66.6% of the symptomatic group. The spinal curvature showed intensified kyphosis from the teens in the symptomatic group. Downward movement of the apex of the kyphosis and instability of the lumbar vertebral column, including abnormal mobility of the pars interarticularis, are assumed to play a major role in the appearance of symptoms. The above results seem to be helpful in deciding indications for operative therapy in cases with these diseases. From the above results, it appears that cases showing downward movement of the apex of the kyphosis and instability of the lumbar vertebral column are indicated for surgical treatment in consideration of the clinical findings, age, occupation, etc. PMID- 3161962 TI - [Quantitative assessment of bone scintigraphy in hip joint disease]. AB - Quantitative assessment of bone scintigraphy was performed in fifty-six patients with hip joint disease including femoral neck fracture, aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, traumatic dislocation of the hip, Perthes disease, and transient synovitis of the hip. In the static study, bone scintigraphy was obtained 3 hours after injection of 99mTc-MDP by gamma camera equipped with a computer and uptake ratios were calculated. In the dynamic study, bone scintigraphy was performed in one, 3 and 5 hours after injection of radionuclide. Femoral head uptake ratio was markedly decreased in osteonecrosis following femoral neck fracture and characteristically increased in aseptic necrosis of the femoral head but prolonged retention of 99mTc-MDP could be observed. Uptake ratios of epiphysis were decreased in Perthes disease but normal in transient synovitis of the hip. Static and dynamic study of bone scintigraphy may be useful for early diagnosis and treatment in the hip joint disease. PMID- 3161963 TI - In vitro studies of a new method of flexor tendon repair. AB - The mechanical factors in tendon repair have been studied and physical principles applied to this unsolved problem. A new technique of tendon repair has been derived and tested in the laboratory. Compared to several well known techniques it has been shown to have three times the tensile strength and to allow one tenth the gap to form between the tendon ends under load. It has been designed not to constrict the blood supply of the tendon and the tests indicate that it will be strong enough to allow early active mobilisation even after inflammation has caused the tendon to soften. PMID- 3161964 TI - Effect of calcium on the availability of platelet von Willebrand factor. AB - The binding of a polyclonal immune-purified rabbit anti-human von Willebrand factor (VWF) antibody to activated and nonactivated normal human platelets was studied in the presence and absence of extracellular calcium. Extracellular Ca++ in the incubation buffer results in no increase in the amount of antibody bound to the surface of unstimulated platelets when compared with that bound in the absence of Ca++. Alpha thrombin stimulation of the platelets increases antibody binding to the platelets in both the presence and absence of extracellular Ca++; however, the increase is approximately four times as great in the presence of extracellular Ca++. The amount of VWF detected in the incubation supernatants of unstimulated platelets is similar in either the presence or absence of Ca++, and this amount is increased without demonstrating a Ca++ dependency after thrombin stimulation. Measurement of thrombin-induced beta thromboglobulin (beta TG) release reveals some parallel between anti-VWF antibody binding and beta TG release. However, the amount of beta TG release after thrombin stimulation is independent of extracellular Ca++, whereas the amount of bound anti-VWF is markedly increased in the presence of Ca++. These studies demonstrate that thrombin induces an increase in the surface exposure of platelet VWF even in the absence of extracellular Ca++. The data also suggest that there may be a quantity of platelet VWF that can become exposed on the platelet surface by an action of thrombin that is independent of the Ca++-dependent granule release reaction induced by thrombin. PMID- 3161965 TI - [Frequency of cervical arteriopathies demonstrated by a routinely conducted Doppler test on a patients consulting for a lower-limb arteriopathy. Results of a prospective study of 676 patients]. AB - Routine cervico-encephalic Doppler examinations were conducted during a prospective study of 676 patients with lower limb arteriopathy. The population treated was defined precisely, mainly with respect to sex, age, recruitment factors, mode of discovery of the arteriopathy, lower limb arteriopathy severity stage as defined by Leriche and Fontaine, site of main lesions, vascular risk factors and the existence or absence of a clinical feature suggestive of an associated cervical arteriopathy. A lesional score was defined in order to evaluate results of Doppler in a simple, intelligible manner. This lesional score was determined as a function of each of the elements (numerically rated) to enable the population to be defined. Results of cervical Doppler were normal or showed only slightly stenotic lesions in 80 to 83% of cases, and a cervical arteriopathy in 13% of patients. Results had no effect on the measures to be taken in 87% of cases. Angiography of the cervical axes was performed in 10% of cases and preventive repair surgery on one or more axes supplying the brain was carried out in 6%. It is concluded that routine Doppler cervical examinations are unnecessary in cases of LLA, since the history and findings on clinical investigations enable selection of patients in whom results of Doppler are probably abnormal. In the absence of clinical signs suggestive of associated cervical arteriopathy, cervical Doppler tests demonstrate major carotid artery lesions in only 1 to 2% of cases, whereas under the critical situations defined this figure varies from 18 to 41%. Clinical examination suggests the probably diagnosis of a cervical arteriopathy associated with LLA, and the cervico encephalic Doppler test assesses the degree of any stenosis present. PMID- 3161966 TI - [Value of the so-called "unravelling" Doppler test at the level of the carotid axes during an examination of a lower-limb arteriopathy]. AB - The use of routine, detailed, complete cervical Doppler examinations in patients with lower limb arteriopathy is criticized, based on results in a prospective study of 676 cases. A more compact, rapidly performed examination known as unravelling Doppler is defined for subclavian and carotid axis arterial investigation. Results are assessed based on a prospective study of 330 patients. A selective practical attitude is proposed by definition of two groups of patients: those with the highest risk of presenting cervical arterial lesions (a routine, complete Doppler test is conducted), and those, the most numerous, for whom the unravelling Doppler enables selection of cases most liable to benefit from a more complete examination of axes supplying the brain. PMID- 3161967 TI - [Relative values of carotid ultrasonic diagnosis and the Doppler test]. AB - The rapid development of techniques for vascular imaging raises questions as to the hierarchy of exploratory non-invasive investigations of cervical vessels. However, caution is necessary when interpreting data provided by different teams because of the unequal experience in the use of these methods by the teams and the variable quality of the apparatuses used. A general rule should be to avoid dissociating imaging and Doppler. Too many teams give priority to ultrasound because of its simplicity in use and the apparent quality of data supplied. However, errors may arise from the weak reflectivity of soft plaques, particularly recent clots, from an acoustic shadow associated with some calcified plaques and from an unfavorable position of the lesion in relation to possible section planes. These problems increase when the apparatus is poorly adjusted, when resolution is insufficient or when there is a threshold to the detection of echos. PMID- 3161968 TI - [Exploration of the cervical arteries. Choice and place of a non-invasive technic in relation to the Doppler test]. AB - An analytic study of the different techniques for non-invasive vascular exploration, used to examine cervical arteries, distinguished between hemodynamic tests (continuous and pulsed Doppler, spectral analysis of frequencies, oculoplethysmography) and imaging methods (ultrasound and real time echotomographic imaging). Best performances at the present time are obtained by combined frequency spectral analysis + real time echotomography or Doppler + real time echotomography. Selection of appropriate techniques is based on clinical findings of a symptomatic or asymptomatic patient. The decision as to the need for angiography and therapy can be made either immediately after the examination by Doppler alone or after a complete investigation, depending upon the circumstances. PMID- 3161970 TI - [Non-invasive exploration of the deep veins. Therapeutic implications in varicose patients]. AB - The functional investigation of patients with varicose veins allows essential varicose veins to be distinguished from secondary varicose veins, so that appropriate therapy can be instituted. These investigations include global evaluation of the venous function, plethysmography and segmental ultrasonography. The authors propose a protocol combining Doppler with photoplethysmography: - if the deep channels are normal on the Doppler examination and the filling time of the PPG is normal after a venous tourniquet has been applied, the varicose veins are essential; - if the deep channels are abnormal: in the case of an obstructive or restrictive syndrome, the PPG can determine whether the varices act as collaterals and should be left intact or whether saphenous incontinence is partially or totally responsible for the disorders, in the case of reflux diagnosed on the Doppler, the PPG can decide whether or not this deep reflux is pathological. This simple, non-invasive protocol can be proposed in the majority of patients with varicose veins. It allows a better evaluation of the pathogenic influence of deep reflux, which is currently an subject of debate. PMID- 3161969 TI - [A case of bilateral dysplasia of the external iliac arteries. Paraclinical anatomo-clinical study and surgical treatment]. PMID- 3161971 TI - [Critical study of the measurement of pulsatile flow in arteritis patients. Value of non-invasive electromagnetic flowmetry]. AB - Hemodynamics of an arteriopathy of lower limbs can be assessed by determination of arterial pressure and flow, the two variables being both useful and complementary. Arterial flow can be measured in two ways: mean arterial flow (plethysmographic or isotopic methods) cannot differentiate the different stages of arteriopathy sufficiently; a more specific method is by determination of pulsatile arterial flow. A non-invasive electromagnetic flowmeter method was developed for measuring pulsatile arterial flow in the upper third of the leg. Specificity in normal subjects was 100% in males and 98% in females, and selectivity 100% in stages II and III and 95% at stage I. The method is therefore specific, sensitive and very reproducible. Whereas pulsatile flow alters in a linear manner with distal arterial pressure when the latter is less than 100 mm Hg, this is no longer the case above this threshold. Calf flow, and particularly its relation to pulsatility measured at rest, is correlated with results of Strandness's test; it is not essential therefore to conduct an exercise tolerance test. Finally, the non-invasive electromagnetic flowmeter investigation is an excellent means of monitoring effects of certain drugs with vascular (vaso active) or cardiac (nitroglycerin) activity, and of tobacco. PMID- 3161972 TI - [Value of the treadmill exercise test for long-term monitoring of lower-limb arteriopathies]. AB - The use of the treadmill exercise test is envisaged only as a means of chronic surveillance of the arteriopathy. The walking distance measured in this way is a complex factor to analyze due to interference of non-vascular phenomena and the effect of training. Manometric data (distal arterial pressure, normalized by determination of the distal pressure/central pressure quotient expressed as percent) were collected during recuperation. Variability (of the order of 18% after 5 min) was studied and compared with that of manometric data at rest (approximately 10%). Fifty-one unoperated patients with arteriopathy were studied prospectively one year after their first visit, and an attempt made to establish a clinical judgement, as to the course of the disease, on the basis of hemodynamic tests, taking into account their variability. Examination at rest is usually sufficient for a valid clinical judgement to be made. However, certain types of treatment such as transluminal angioplasty produce effects that appear to evaluate it with greater precision by examination of dynamic data. Certain specific cases also reveal enhanced sensitivity of variables recorded in hemodynamic parameters after effort. In these cases both manometric and femoral Doppler signal data should be studied. PMID- 3161973 TI - [Flowmeter monitoring following lumbar sympathectomy]. AB - Lumbar sympathectomy is still a subject for debate with respect to its results and mechanism of action. Effects were assessed objectively by measuring hemodynamic parameters of blood flow. The study protocols are discussed. Muscle nutritional capillary flow was determined by clearance of radioactive Xenon. Within a period varying from 8 to 24 months. 31 to 51% of patients with arteritis show increased muscle flow after sympathectomy. Effects are analyzed as a function of site of lesion, duration of claudication and uni- or bilateral operation performed. The non-invasive electromagnetic flowmeter measures global pulsatile arterial blood flow in the upper third of the leg: improvement in pulsatile flow was noted in 86% of cases six months after sympathectomy. Finally, skin microcirculation velocity was measured by Doppler using a laser beam: improvement occurred immediately after sympathectomy for well defined clinical indications, whereas no effect was noted in arteriopathy of diabetic origin. This method can therefore clarify mechanisms of action of sympathectomy and justify its indications. PMID- 3161975 TI - Motoneurone task groups: coping with kinematic heterogeneity. AB - Physiological principles of motor control have generally been based on linear servocontrol theories in which transducers of force, length and velocity are used to provide feedback to the motor actuators. Within the past few years, recordings of the activity of motoneurones and proprioceptors during normal motor behaviour have indicated a diversity that is not consistent with any one theory of motor control. This paper examines the heterogeneity of kinematic conditions under which muscles are called on to perform, and attempts to correlate this with the effects of various fusimotor states on the activity of the muscle spindle afferents, the major sensory signal source in most feedback control schemes. The concept of 'task groups' is proposed, in which functional groups of alpha and gamma motoneurones and spindle afferents are programmed to achieve optimal control over relatively restricted but more linear parts of their operating curves. Such a functional compartmentalization of the motor apparatus is thus consistent with several different theories of servocontrol, although it remains unclear whether such conceptual mechanisms are actually embodied in the highly complex neural circuitry present in the spinal cord and higher motor centres. PMID- 3161974 TI - The size-principle: a deterministic output emerges from a set of probabilistic connections. AB - Orderly, size-related recruitment of motoneurones (MNs) illustrates how hundreds of cells operate as a functional entity to produce a highly deterministic output. The coherent action of the pool depends largely on the distribution of input to its members through the connections of afferent fibres. Three types of spike triggered averaging have been utilized to study these connections. Impulses in individual Ia afferents elicit excitatory postsynaptic potentials ('single-fibre' EPSPs) in about 80% of homonymous MNs. After spinal transection 100% may respond, suggesting that Ia fibres project anatomically to all homonymous MNs. Functionally absent Ia connections are due to transmission failure. The sum of all the EPSPs elicited in a large population of MNs was recorded electrotonically from ventral roots. The mean amplitudes of these 'postsynaptic population potentials' (PSPPs) were correlated with the conduction velocities (CVs) of the Ia or spindle group II fibres. The greater the distance between the spinal entry point of a Ia fibre and the ventral root, the smaller was the PSPP. Tape recording of multiple afferents and the responses of up to 24 MNs permitted study of as many as 264 possible connections in a single, acute experiment. Construction of wiring diagrams and connectivity matrices from the data showed that functional connectivity is influenced by afferent fibre size, the effect of branching on fibre size, MN size and probably transmission failure, but that on a cell-to-cell level, connectivity does not follow strict, deterministic rules. The results raise the question of how probabilistic connections between afferent fibres and MNs give rise to deterministic outputs from the whole pool. PMID- 3161976 TI - Synergy between adjuvant arthritis and collagen-induced arthritis in rats. AB - Adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats is susceptible to cell-mediated passive transfer. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats is susceptible to passive transfer with antibody to type II collagen. We report here the development of strikingly severe arthritis in Lewis rats as the result of synergy between passively transferred antibody to type II collagen from rats with CIA and concanavalin A (Con A) stimulated lymph node or spleen cells from syngeneic rats with AA. Similar synergy was seen in rats with AA given anticollagen antibody, in rats with CIA given Con A-stimulated adjuvant spleen cells, and in rats actively immunized with CII and complete Freund's adjuvant. The synergistic process caused a very severe polyarthritis, characterized by marked swelling and erythema in all the joints of the distal extremities, with histologic and radiographic evidence of early, extensive erosion of articular cartilage. Synergy was apparent if the lymphoid cells from AA rats were given up to 1 mo after a single injection of anticollagen antibody. No synergy was seen when normal rat immunoglobulin or anti-ovalbumin antibody was substituted for anticollagen antibody, when Con A-stimulated lymphoid cells from normal rats or donors with CIA were used, or when Con A stimulated AA lymphoid cells were irradiated before transfer. Synergy between separate immune effector mechanisms may represent a general phenomenon in the pathogenesis of inflammatory joint disease. PMID- 3161977 TI - Synergism between T and non-T cells in the in vivo induction and in vitro expression of graft-vs.-host disease-induced natural suppressor cells. AB - We have been studying the mitogen hyporesponsiveness and immunosuppression induced in chronic murine graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) induced across minor histocompatibility (MiHA) barriers. In this system, donor and recipient mice are major histocompatibility complex- and mls-identical, and are nonreactive in primary mixed leukocyte reactions. Spleen cells from B10.D2 (H-2d, mls b) mice were injected into irradiated (600 rad) BALB/c (H-2d, mls b) recipients. Recipient spleen cells are hyporesponsive to mitogens, and contain natural suppressor (NS) cells. We investigated the cellular requirements for both the in vivo induction and the in vitro expression of this GVH suppression. T cells are required in the graft, but they are not sufficient to induce suppression, and a non-T cell population is also required for maximum induction in vivo. T cells are also required for the maximum expression of NS cell suppressive ability in vitro. Early in the course of GVH, the suppressor cells are able to suppress the Con A and LPS response of all mouse strains tested (except for the relative difficulty in suppressing the B10.D2 LPS response). Later, they become almost completely unable to suppress the B10.D2 LPS response; while still being able to suppress the Con A and LPS response of all other strains tested (including the B10.D2 Con A response). This inability to suppress a B10.D2 LPS response can be brought back to almost complete suppression by the addition of concanavalin A supernatant (CAS). We present a hypothesis to explain what may be a common mechanism for GVH induced suppression, total lymphoid irradiation-induced suppression, and neonatal tolerance. These situations all include rapidly proliferating lymphohematopoietic stem cell populations, and also have large numbers of NS cells. NS cells can suppress proliferating lymphoid populations, and their development and activity are greatly enhanced by T cell signals such as are supplied by donor T cells in chronic GVHD. Thus, NS cells may feed back on and downregulate self-reactive T cells or T cells responding to introduced foreign antigens. PMID- 3161978 TI - Search asymmetry: a diagnostic for preattentive processing of separable features. AB - The search rate for a target among distractors may vary dramatically depending on which stimulus plays the role of target and which that of distractors. For example, the time required to find a circle distinguished by an intersecting line is independent of the number of regular circles in the display, whereas the time to find a regular circle among circles with lines increases linearly with the number of distractors. The pattern of performance suggests parallel processing when the target has a unique distinguishing feature and serial self-terminating search when the target is distinguished only by the absence of a feature that is present in all the distractors. The results are consistent with feature integration theory (Treisman & Gelade, 1980), which predicts that a single feature should be detected by the mere presence of activity in the relevant feature map, whereas tasks that require subjects to locate multiple instances of a feature demand focused attention. Search asymmetries may therefore offer a new diagnostic to identify the primitive features of early vision. Several candidate features are examined in this article: Colors, line ends or terminators, and closure (in the sense of a partly or wholly enclosed area) appear to be functional features; connectedness, intactness (absence of an intersecting line), and acute angles do not. PMID- 3161979 TI - A computational analysis of mental image generation: evidence from functional dissociations in split-brain patients. AB - Recent efforts to build computer simulation models of mental imagery have suggested that imagery is not a unitary phenomenon. Rather, such efforts have led to a modular analysis of the image-generation process, with separate modules that can activate visual memories, inspect parts of imaged patterns, and arrange separate parts into a composite image. This idea was supported by the finding of functional dissociations between the kinds of imagery tasks that could be performed in the left and right cerebral hemispheres of two patients who had previously undergone surgical transection of their corpus callosa. The left hemisphere in both subjects could inspect imaged patterns and could generate single and multipart images. In contrast, although the right hemisphere could inspect imaged patterns and could generate images of overall shape, it had difficulty in generating multipart images. The results suggest a deficit in the module that arranges parts into a composite. The observed pattern of deficits and abilities implied that this module is not used in language, visual perception, or drawing. Furthermore, the results suggest that the basis for this deficit is not a difficulty in simply remembering visual details or engaging in sequential processing. PMID- 3161980 TI - Picture perception: effects of luminance on available information and information extraction rate. AB - In each of four experiments, complex visual stimuli--pictures and digit arrays- were remembered better when shown at high luminance than when shown at low luminance. Why does this occur? Two possibilities were considered: first that lowering luminance reduces the amount of available information in the stimulus, and second that lowering luminance reduces the rate at which the information is extracted from the stimulus. Evidence was found for both possibilities. When stimuli were presented at durations short enough to permit only a single eye fixation, luminance affected only the rate at which information is extracted: decreasing luminance by a factor of 100 caused information to be extracted more slowly by a factor that ranged, over experiments, from 1.4 to 2.0. When pictures were presented at durations long enough to permit multiple fixations, however, luminance affected the total amount of extractable information. In a fifth experiment, converging evidence was sought for the proposition that within the first eye fixation on a picture, luminance affects the rate of information extraction. If this proposition is correct and, in addition, the first eye fixation lasts until some criterion amount of information is extracted, then fixation duration should increase with decreasing luminance. This prediction was confirmed. PMID- 3161981 TI - The fate of memory: comment on McCloskey and Zaragoza. AB - McCloskey and Zaragoza (1985) argue that misleading postevent suggestions do not affect the availability of originally encoded information. Their hypothesis stems from empirical work using a modified paradigm in which no effect of postevent information is observed. Although their "no impairment" hypothesis is plausible, careful consideration of the predictions of their experimental test suggests that it may be insufficiently sensitive to reveal the impact of postevent information. A small effect of postevent information can be observed when their paradigm is repeated with a more sensitive recognition test. McCloskey and Zaragoza's no impairment hypothesis is also difficult to reconcile with numerous reports of "blend" memories that reflect a compromise between the original and postevent information. PMID- 3161982 TI - Naturally occurring mood and learning: comment on Hasher, Rose, Zacks, Sanft, and Doren. AB - We comment on the article by Hasher, Rose, Zacks, Sanft, & Doren (1985) in which they failed to find mood-congruent learning (MCL). MCL occurs whenever subjects learn more about materials that are congruent with their moods (e.g., depressed subjects learn more sad material). Hasher et al. failed to observe MCL with normal college students who scored high versus low on the Beck Depression Inventory and an affect checklist; in contrast, positive MCL has been observed with clinically depressed patients and with normals given laboratory mood inductions. Hasher et al. argue that moderately depressed normal students may be qualitatively different from clinically depressed patients and mood-induced subjects. Although we accept the findings of Hasher et al., we think it is also plausible that MCL may be a general though small effect which is present among normal college students as well. PMID- 3161983 TI - Processing of stimulus properties: evidence for dual-task integrality. AB - The conditions under which dual-task integrality can be fostered were assessed in a study in which we manipulated four factors likely to influence the integrality between tasks: intertask redundancy, the spatial proximity of primary and secondary task displays, the degree to which primary and secondary task displays constitute a single object, and the resource demands of the two tasks. The resource allocation policy is inferred from changes in the amplitude of the P300 component of the event-related brain potential. Twelve subjects participated in three experimental sessions in which they performed both single and dual tasks. The primary task was a pursuit step tracking task. The secondary tasks required subjects to discriminate between different intensities or different spatial positions of a stimulus. Task pairs that required the processing of different properties of the same object resulted in better performance than task pairs that required the processing of different objects. Furthermore, these same object task pairs led to a positive relation between primary task difficulty and the resources allocated to secondary task stimuli. Intertask redundancy and the physical proximity of task displays produced similar effects of reduced magnitude. PMID- 3161984 TI - Spatial maps of directed visual attention. AB - Simple reaction times (RTs) to a visual target are facilitated when the target occurs at a location expected by an observer, and are slowed when the target occurs at the mirror-symmetric location contralateral to the expectancy (e.g., Posner, 1978; Posner, Snyder, & Davidson, 1980). The spatial extent of this attention effect was examined by inducing subjects to expect the target at one location and introducing occasional probe flashes at other locations throughout the visual field. The results indicated that RTs to these probes were equivalent to those obtained at the expected location so long as the probe was in the same hemifield as the subject's expectancy. Conversely, RTs to probes in the hemifield opposite the expectancy generated uniformly slower response times. These results were obtained when the expected location varied in eccentricity from 2 degrees to 16 degrees along the horizontal meridian. In addition, when the expected and unexpected locations were within the same hemifield, no expectancy effects were observed. Under these conditions, the frequently used metaphor that directed visual attention operates like a spatially restricted "beam" appears inaccurate. The implications of these findings for current views of directed attention are considered. PMID- 3161985 TI - Visual dissociation: an illusory conjunction of pictures and forms. AB - Undergraduates viewed rapidly presented series of color photographs (9/s) and were required to indicate which photograph appeared within a black outline rectangle (the "frame"). Experiment 1 demonstrated that subjects were often confident and wrong, reporting the immediately preceding or following picture in the sequence. Experiment 2 showed that migration of the frame to other pictures cannot be attributed to spatial separation, because the same effect occurred when a small frame was presented in the center of the picture itself. Experiment 3 ruled out masking of the "framed" picture as the cause of the illusion by showing that the framed picture is indeed identified on those trials where the frame appears to be elsewhere. Experiment 4 showed that when simpler, more familiar stimuli (numbers) were presented, a more rapid presentation rate (18/s) was required to obtain the effect. It is proposed that the illusion reflects the action of integrative processes in a very short-term buffer and that it may provide a new tool with which to study the integration of features within scenes. PMID- 3161986 TI - Characteristics of velocity profiles of speech movements. AB - The control of individual speech gestures was investigated by examining laryngeal and tongue movements during vowel and consonant production. A number of linguistic manipulations known to alter the durational characteristics of speech (i.e., speech rate, lexical stress, and phonemic identity) were tested. In all cases a consistent pattern was observed in the kinematics of the laryngeal and tongue gestures. The ratio of maximum instantaneous velocity to movement amplitude, a kinematic index of mass-normalized stiffness, was found to increase systematically as movement duration decreased. Specifically, the ratio of maximum velocity to movement amplitude varied as a function of a parameter, C, times the reciprocal of movement duration. The conformity of the data to this relation indicates that durational change is accomplished by scalar adjustment of a base velocity form. These findings are consistent with the idea that kinematic change is produced by the specification of articulator stiffness. PMID- 3161987 TI - Interference between phonemes during phoneme monitoring: evidence for an interactive activation model of speech perception. AB - We explore the recent finding (Newman & Dell, 1978) that the time needed to detect a target phoneme in a phoneme monitoring task is increased when the preceding word contains a phoneme similar to the target. Normal adult native speakers of English monitored auditorily presented sentences and responded as quickly as possible whenever they detected a specified phoneme. We found that preceding word-initial phonemes, despite being processed more quickly, increased the response latency to the following target phoneme more than did preceding word medial phonemes. There was also an increase in response latency even when the subject could be highly certain that the similar preceding phoneme was not an instance of the target phoneme. We argue that the interference effects are due to fundamental characteristics of perceptual processing and that more time is needed to categorize the target phoneme. We present a computer simulation using an interactive activation model of speech perception to demonstrate the plausibility of our explanation. PMID- 3161988 TI - Reading rotated words. AB - Hebrew-speaking students performed lexical decisions on Hebrew letter strings that appeared at different orientations. Response times evidenced a strong interaction between string length and orientation. At angular deviations of less than 60 degrees from the upright, neither orientation nor string length had any effect, suggesting that words were directly, and probably holistically, recognized. The results for the 60 degrees deviation, while also exhibiting no effects of word length, yielded slower response times, suggesting a holistic rectification process. For deviations between 60 degrees and 120 degrees, the effects of disorientation increased sharply with increasing string length, suggesting piecemeal processing that may be due to the utilization of reading units smaller than the whole word or to piecemeal rectification. In this region, stimulus disorientation appears to impair word recognition by disrupting transgraphemic information rather than by interfering with letter identification. Extreme disorientations, 120 degrees or more, exhibited no further impairment with increased disorientation, and all evidenced strong and similar length effects, suggesting letter-by-letter reading. The implications of the results for the reading of normal and transformed text are discussed. PMID- 3161989 TI - Ordinal properties of perceived average duration: simultaneous and sequential presentations. AB - When a subject evaluates the duration of two simultaneous events, the perceived durations are combined in a nonlinear manner, whereas comparable evaluations of successive events yield linear combinations. Fifty-four subjects rated average durations of pairs of time intervals ranging from 0.5 s to 10.0 s. The intervals making up a pair were presented successively and simultaneously on separate occasions within the same presentation sequence. The order of data was consistent with models previously proposed for perceived average duration. A nonmetric analysis of the combined ordinal data from both conditions yielded a single set of measures of perceived duration with ratio-scale properties. The common scale for the two conditions is consistent with differences in results from simultaneous and successive monitoring of time intervals, stemming from differences in the way duration information is combined rather than how it is perceived. the derived scale is related to physical time by a power function with a 1.06 exponent. PMID- 3161990 TI - Processing of tactile spatial information with crossed fingers. AB - The erroneous perception of two objects when one object is touched with crossed fingers has been explained as an inability of the brain to correctly perceive the crossed fingers' positions. This account is examined in Experiment 1, in which the perceived position of stimuli touching the crossed fingers is mapped. Crossing the third finger over the fourth displaced the perceived stimulus position counter-clockwise; crossing the third under the fourth displaced perceptions clockwise. In Experiment 2, perceived positions were found to fit a model of tactile saturation past the point of the functional range of action of the fingers. Two major conclusions are drawn: (a) Tactile stimuli are always perceived as if fingers were uncrossed, and (b) spatial mapping is present only within the functional range of finger excursion. PMID- 3161991 TI - Problem-solving techniques in occupational medicine. AB - The diagnosis of occupational illnesses may be considerably more difficult than is the case with occupational injuries because of a variety of factors: an intervening latency period, uncertainty in identifying the most significant chemical or physical exposures, determination of exposure levels retrospectively, and coordination of the physician with regulatory and workers' compensation bureaucracies. Such problem-solving techniques as retrospective industrial hygiene and attention to in-situ chemistry can act as means of reducing the uncertainty in making the diagnosis of occupational illness. Advance familiarity with workers' compensation and state or federal regulatory agencies can further facilitate diagnosis and patient advocacy. PMID- 3161992 TI - The virion proteins and ultrastructure of Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophages. AB - The number and size of the major virion polypeptides have been determined by SDS PAGE for the 22 Staphylococcus aureus phages of the International Typing Set, plus phages 11 and 80 alpha. Virion ultrastructure was examined by electron microscopy after negative staining with ammonium molybdate. In addition, serogroup B phages were disrupted and fractionated into head, tail-tube and baseplate components and major polypeptides assigned to these substructures. The number and size of the polypeptides correlated closely with the division of aureophages into four serogroups (A, B, F, L), although serogroup L was represented in the set by only a single phage (187). Apart from serogroup B, however, the polypeptide patterns did not reflect differences between lytic groups. Within serogroup B, polypeptide analysis yielded characteristic patterns for lysogroups I, II and III. Ultrastructural analyses confirm the data provided by polypeptide analysis. Thus, phages from the four serogroups can be identified on the basis of tail-tube length alone, although the differences between phage 187 and members of lysogroups I and III in serogroup B were less than 20 nm, or approximately 12% of the total length. Serogroup A virions differed from those of the other serogroups in that all members of the typing set in this group had elongate, rather than isometric, heads. PMID- 3161993 TI - Workman's compensation, litigation and lumbosciatic syndrome. PMID- 3161994 TI - Handicapped in medical school: a personal account. PMID- 3161995 TI - Kluver-Bucy syndrome in Huntington's chorea. AB - In this paper the first case of Kluver-Bucy syndrome (KBS) in Huntington's chorea is reported. The patient, a 46-year-old man with advanced Huntington's disease, displayed prosopagnosia, oral tendencies, emotional changes, hypersexual behavior, and hyperphagia associated with severe dementia. Haloperidol in moderate doses controlled both the KBS and the chorea, suggesting a possible role for the dopaminergic system in the pathogenesis of KBS in Huntington's disease. The presence of profound dementia in our patient supports the previous assertion that human cases of KBS are invariably associated with severe cognitive dysfunction. Since KBS was established as an entity, a great deal of attention has been directed to its neuroanatomical basis. However, due to the multidetermined nature of human behavior, the role of physiological, psychological, and environmental factors should also be taken into consideration with regard to the pathogenesis of this syndrome. PMID- 3161996 TI - [3H]205-501, a non-catechol dopaminergic agonist, labels selectively and with high affinity dopamine D2 receptors. AB - [3H]205-501, a noncatechol dopaminergic agonist, is presented as a ligand with high affinity (KD approximately 1 nM) and high selectivity for dopamine receptors. pKi values of dopaminergic agonists derived from competition isotherms in the [3H]205-501 binding assay correlate very well with their potency in the acetylcholine release assay, which is controlled by dopamine D2 receptors. There is however no correlation with their potency stimulating adenylate cyclase, a process controlled by dopamine D1 receptors. Thus [3H]205-501 is the first agonist ligand selective for dopamine D2 receptors. PMID- 3161997 TI - Acute administration of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), a selective 5-HT-receptor agonist, causes a biphasic blood pressure response and a bradycardia in the normotensive Sprague-Dawley rat and in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) is a new serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonist that binds selectively to the 5-HT1A binding site. In the present paper we investigated the cardiovascular effects of 8-OH-DPAT in the normotensive Sprague-Dawley rat and in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. The acute i.v. administration of 8-OH-DPAT (5-150 micrograms/kg) was in both rat strains associated with a biphasic blood pressure response and a bradycardia. The initial pressor response was due to a direct vascular effect of 8-OH-DPAT involving activation of alpha-adrenoceptors since it was present in pithed rats and in reserpine pretreated rats and since it was attenuated by prazosin. The longer lasting hypotension was not due to a direct vascular relaxation or a presynaptic inhibition of transmitter release since the hypotension was not evident in pithed rats and since 8-OH-DPAT did not influence the pressor responses to electrical stimulation in pithed rats. Rather, the combination of hypotension and bradycardia would suggest a central site of action although the intracerebroventricular (lat. ventricles) route of administration was not more efficient (to induce hypotension) than i.v. administration. At least the bradycardia was mediated by changes in vagal as well as sympathetic discharge since it was prevented by pretreatment with atropine and propranolol in combination but not by pretreatment with either agent alone. The cardiovascular effects of 8-OH-DPAT were not prevented by pretreatment with methergoline, methiothepin, pirenperone or cianserine or by 5-HT depletion by means of p chlorophenylalanine, which suggests that the putative 5-HT receptor that is responsible for the hypotension and bradycardia to 8-OH-DPAT is not of a presynaptic type and does not have the pharmacological characteristics of a general 5-HT1 receptor. PMID- 3161998 TI - Fidelity of DNA polymerase-beta in neurons from young and very aged mice. AB - Neurons do not divide during adult life and thus they provide a unique system to study the effects of age-accumulated damage to DNA in the absence of DNA replication. We have analyzed DNA polymerase activity in neurons isolated from young adult and very aged mice. The predominant catalytic activity is DNA polymerase-beta and it is present in similar amounts in neurons from young and old mice. This polymerase is highly error-prone in copying phi X174 DNA, the error frequency being about 1/7,000 and not significantly different when obtained from young and old animals. This high infidelity is considered with respect to DNA repair and the protein synthesis error catastrophe theory of aging. PMID- 3161999 TI - Immune functions in Parkinson's disease lymphocyte subsets, concanavalin A induced suppressor cell activity and in vitro immunoglobulin production. AB - Immune abnormalities, including the occurrence of autoantibodies against neural structures, diminished numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes and reduced mitogen responses have been observed in patients with Parkinson's disease. In this study, we found that among the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) of patients with Parkinson's disease, there is a reduced number of cells spontaneously secreting immunoglobulins (Ig). After pokeweed mitogen stimulation, PBMNCs from patients with advanced Parkinson's disease had decreased capacity to elaborate Igs in vitro. In addition, there was evidence suggesting that OKT4+ (helper/inducer) subset may be decreased in Parkinson's disease along with disordered concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell activity. The findings do not primarily suggest an autoimmune pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. The immune changes now observed partially resemble those seen in normal ageing, though being quantitatively exaggerated in Parkinson's disease. It is suggested that immune abnormalities in Parkinson's disease may result from disordered neural-immune regulation. PMID- 3162000 TI - Some morphometric observations on the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in presenile Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia of Alzheimer type and Down's syndrome in middle age. AB - The frequency of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles and the number of pyramidal neurones and the volume of their nucleolus were measured in temporal cortex (middle temporal gyrus) and hippocampus (area h1) of 32 patients with Alzheimer's disease. Plaques and tangles were greatly increased in frequency in these patients while the pyramidal cell number was reduced (due to the effects of ageing plus disease) by a total of 78% in temporal cortex and 60% in hippocampus with nucleolar volume in surviving cells being reduced in total by 56% and 63%, respectively. These total losses did not correlate with patient age. However, when corrections for the effects of ageing alone were made on these total losses, the extent of pyramidal cell loss and decrease in nucleolar volume due solely to disease as well as the frequency of plaques and tangles were all found to correlate inversely with patient age for temporal cortex; in hippocampus only cell loss so related. The extent of nerve cell loss correlated with the reduction in nucleolar volume in temporal cortex but not in hippocampus. Correlations involving nerve cell loss and decreased nucleolar volume with plaque and tangle frequency were either weak or non-significant in both regions. The number of nerve cells and the volume of their nucleolus were less (when compared with age matched control patients) in both temporal cortex and hippocampus, in the 6 middle aged patients with Down's syndrome, and match the corresponding values seen in 8 patients of similar age with Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3162001 TI - Quantitative analysis of myelin and axolemma particle distribution in C57BL/Ks diabetic mice and the effects of ganglioside treatment. AB - By freeze-fracture technique we estimated myelin and axolemma intramembranous particle density in C57BL/Ks mice. A decrease in myelin particle content compared to controls is present in both 180 and 280 day old genetic diabetic mice. In addition, the axolemma of myelinated axons is affected in interparanodal regions while no modification was detected at nodal level. Such alterations of myelin membrane structure may also be responsible for the lower motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) observed in these diabetic mice; however this hypothesis cannot be taken into consideration for the reduction in MNCV at the early stage of the neuropathy (prior to 180 days of life). Therefore the structural changes of both myelin sheath and interparanodal axolemma as visualized by freeze-fracture are most likely related to late complications of the disease instead of being responsible for the changes in excitability. The low myelin and axolemma particle density of diabetic mice was found normal after 30 days' treatment with gangliosides. Such findings are in agreement with previous results on a significant effect of ganglioside treatment on MNCV and axonal area alterations in 180 and 280 day old genetic diabetic mice. PMID- 3162003 TI - Avoidance of gastroduodenal toxicity in patients receiving hepatic arterial 5 fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine. AB - Gastroduodenal inflammation and ulceration have been frequently observed in patients receiving continuous hepatic arterial infusions of 5-fluoro-2' deoxyuridine (FUDR) for liver malignancy. Thirty-five patients with metastatic colon cancer received hepatic arterial FUDR administered with implanted infusion pumps. At surgery, particular care was taken to identify and divide those vessels arising from the hepatic arteries distal to the point of cannulation that supplied the superior border of the distal stomach and proximal duodenum. None of the patients developed signs or symptoms of gastritis or ulcer attributable to chemotherapy. We contend that gastritis and ulcer in patients receiving hepatic arterial FUDR are due to misperfusion of drug into the upper gastrointestinal tract and that these complications can be largely avoided by use of appropriate surgical techniques. PMID- 3162002 TI - Lobulated fibers in neuromuscular diseases. AB - Lobulated fibers have been observed in biopsies of 13 patients with various neuromuscular disorders including limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (3), distal myopathy (2), scapuloperoneal muscular dystrophy (2), congenital myopathy, Kugelberg-Welander syndrome, hypothyroidism, steroid myopathy, osteomalacia and systemic lupus erythematosus (on steroids). In all cases there were fibers characterised by small subsarcolemmal triangular aggregates or more diffuse collections extending into the interior of the muscle fiber. These were strongly reactive with oxidative enzymes, acid phosphatase, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Verhoeff-van Gieson (VVG) and also stained red with the Gomori trichrome technique. In 5 cases core-like fibers were also seen. Morphometric analysis of the NADH-tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) preparations in 11 cases showed atrophy of the lobulated fibers. Ultrastructural studies of lobulated fibers disclosed large peripheral mitochondrial aggregates and focal areas with Z-line streaming and disrupted myofibrils. We consider this structural change of the muscle fiber as a reflection of muscle cell disruption and suggest that they may progress from lobulated fibers to more atrophic core-like fibers. PMID- 3162004 TI - Penetration of hematoporphyrin derivative into rat brain and intracerebral 9L glioma tissue. AB - Brain and glioma tissue levels of tritiated hematoporphyrin derivative (3H-HPD) were measured in normal and 9L intracerebral glioma-bearing rats at 24 hours following administration of 3H-HPD 2-20 mg/kg and at 24-120 hours after 3H-HPD 10 mg/kg. Levels of 3H-HPD in blood, liver, spleen and muscle were also measured. Tissue levels of 3H-HPD increased progressively as the dose was increased. In animals given 10 mg/kg, gradual decreases in tissue levels occurred between 24 and 72 hours but thereafter remained stable. The 3H-HPD level in gliomas was consistently 2-3 X greater than in brain tissue, despite changes in dosage and time interval. High levels of activity were measured in normal brain tissue at all dosage levels, and subsequent clearance of the 3H-HPD from brain, glioma, and other tissues was slow; at 120 hours after administration of 10 mg/kg, approximately 50% of the 24 hour level was still present. These results indicate that although a dose- and time-independent preferential uptake of hematoporphyrin derivative occurs in intracerebral gliomas, persistent high levels may be present in the surrounding brain. The disadvantages of using hematoporphyrin derivative rather than its individual components in studies of HPD uptake and photosensitization in the brain are discussed. PMID- 3162006 TI - Cervicocollic reflex: its dynamic properties and interaction with vestibular reflexes. AB - Electromyographic activity of dorsal neck muscles elicited by sinusoidal rotations of the body and head was studied in decerebrate cats over a wide range of rotational frequencies and amplitudes. Rotation of the body with the head held fixed in space elicited a cervicocollic reflex (CCR) in the biventer cervicis, complexus, obliquus capitis inferior, rectus capitis major, and splenius muscles. As stimulus amplitude increased, CCR amplitude increased first rapidly and then more slowly, displaying two linear incremental sensitivity ranges. In contrast, the vestibulocollic reflex (VCR) elicited by whole body rotation had a minimum stimulus threshold below which no response was observed, whereas the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) saturated at intermediate stimulus intensities. When stimulus frequency was varied, the CCR exhibited second-order dynamic behavior. At frequencies below 0.5 Hz, muscle EMG activation was in phase with peak platform angular deviation in the direction that stretched the muscle, and the gain measured as the percent modulation of EMG activity per degree of rotation remained constant. As frequency increased to 3-4 Hz, response phase advanced by 120 deg or more and gain increased with a slope approaching 40 dB/decade. The data were well-fitted by second-order transfer functions containing two zeros. Both the dynamic behavior of the CCR and its high sensitivity to small stimuli resemble the properties of muscle spindle primary afferents, suggesting that the latter may provide the major input responsible for the CCR. Dynamic properties and gains of the CCR and VCR were quite similar at frequencies between 0.2 and 3 4 Hz. Transfer functions of both reflexes contained two zeros whose time constants were correlated in a population of 11 cats, suggesting that reflex dynamics may be matched to the mechanical properties of each animal's head-neck system. Interaction of the CCR and VCR was studied under two conditions. When the head was driven by a servomotor while the body remained stationary, EMG activation by the two reflexes added linearly to produce a large response. When the body was rotated with the head allowed to counterrotate about the C1-C2 joint, the two reflexes combined linearly in an antagonistic fashion: the CCR acted to oppose head rotations produced by the VCR, thus preventing the ratio of head counterrotation to body rotation from exceeding 0.5. The data indicate that the CCR and VCR behave approximately linearly, both individually and in combination. Acting together, the two reflexes assist each other in preventing oscillation of the head on a stationary body.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3162005 TI - Control of abdominal muscles by brain stem respiratory neurons in the cat. AB - Control of abdominal musculature by brain stem respiratory neurons was studied in decerebrate unanesthetized cats by determining 1) which brain stem respiratory neurons could be antidromically activated from the lumbar cord, from which the abdominal muscles receive part of their innervation, and 2) if lumbar-projecting respiratory neurons make monosynaptic connections with abdominal motoneurons. A total of 462 respiratory neurons, located between caudal C2 and the retrofacial nucleus (Botzinger complex), were tested for antidromic activation from the upper lumbar cord. Fifty-eight percent of expiratory (E) neurons (70/121) in the caudal ventral respiratory group (VRG) between the obex and rostral C1 were antidromically activated from contralateral L1. Eight of these neurons were activated at low thresholds from lamina VIII and IX in the L1-2 gray matter. One third (14/41) of the E neurons that projected to L1 could also be activated from L4-5. Almost all antidromic E neurons had an augmenting firing pattern. Ten scattered inspiratory (I) neurons projected to L1 but could not be activated from L4-5. No neurons that fired during both E and I phases (phase-spanning neurons) were antidromically activated from the lumbar cord. In order to test for possible monosynaptic connections between descending E neurons and abdominal motoneurons, cross-correlations were obtained between 27 VRG E neurons, which were antidromically activated from caudal L2 and contralateral L1 and L2 abdominal nerve activity (47 neuron-nerve combinations). Only two neurons showed a correlation with one of the two nerves tested. Although there is a large projection to the lumbar cord from expiratory neurons in the ventral respiratory group caudal to the obex, cross-correlation analyses suggest that strong monosynaptic connections between these neurons and abdominal motoneurons are scarce. PMID- 3162007 TI - Dendritic reorganization of abdominal motoneurons during metamorphosis of the moth, Manduca sexta. AB - During metamorphosis in the hawkmoth Manduca sexta, muscles of the abdominal body wall undergo a reorganization. Many die at the end of larval life and are replaced in the adult by newly generated muscles. We have identified several of the motoneurons innervating these muscles and followed them through metamorphosis. The morphology of larval motoneurons is correlated with their target location. Those with medial targets have bilateral dendritic fields, whereas those with lateral targets have dendrites restricted to one side of the segmental ganglion. Some motoneurons innervate the same muscle in all stages of life, but the majority lose their larval targets following entry into the pupal stage. Although some of the latter group also die at this time, most survive to innervate a new adult target. These "respecified" motoneurons undergo a period of dramatic dendritic growth during metamorphosis. The results demonstrate that these identified neurons are capable, under the appropriate conditions of existing in more than one stable morphology. PMID- 3162009 TI - Occupational low-back pain in hospital nurses. AB - A survey of hospital staff nurses of a large tertiary care hospital was performed to investigate occupational low-back pain. Attack rates of 41% (37% "occupational") and 52% (occupational) were found using recall periods of two weeks and six months, respectively. Comparison with a control group suggests the validity of the work-relatedness of low-back pain in nurses. Factors associated with the disorder were also investigated, with results showing no differences due to nursing division assignment but significant association with specific tasks. PMID- 3162008 TI - Effect of uptake-one inhibitors on the uptake of norepinephrine and metaiodobenzylguanidine. AB - The mechanisms underlying the uptake of the radiopharmaceutical metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and the catecholamine norepinephrine (NE) were studied using cultured bovine adrenomedullary cells as an in vitro model system. Sodium-dependent and sodium-independent uptake systems have been identified and characterized for both MIBG and NE. The sodium-dependent uptake of NE and MIBG was inhibited by the selective Uptake-one inhibitors, desmethylimipramine (DMI) and cocaine, whereas the sodium-independent uptake for NE and MIBG was much less sensitive to inhibition by these agents. The sodium-dependent uptake system fulfills the criteria for the neuronal Uptake-one system, and the sodium independent uptake system fulfills the criteria for a passive diffusion mechanism. Both NE and MIBG were transported into cultured bovine adrenomedullary cells by both uptake systems; the relative role of each uptake system was dependent upon the concentration of NE and MIBG in the media. Arterial concentrations proximal to the dog adrenal were very small suggesting that the sodium-dependent (Uptake-one) system is predominant in vivo. Consistent with the in vitro observations, the in vivo uptake of MIBG and NE into dog adrenal medullae was effectively blocked by pretreatment with DMI or cocaine. Therefore, iodine-131 MIBG scintigraphy of the adrenal appears to reflect uptake by way of the Uptake-one system. PMID- 3162010 TI - Endometriosis and the infertile patient. AB - Approximately one-third of all patients who suffer from endometriosis may not be able to conceive. More than 10% of infertile patients have endometriosis as the causative factor of their infertility. The stressful effect of infertility on the couple's life may be devastating. The infertility and endocrinology nurse may play a major role in alleviating the painful experience of such unfortunate patients. The pathogenesis, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy of endometriosis are described. The important role of the nurse in the management of patients with endometriosis is emphasized. PMID- 3162011 TI - Hemangioma of the tongue and adjacent structures (a case report). PMID- 3162012 TI - Dental caries and periodontal disease in children with Down's syndrome and other mentally handicapping conditions. PMID- 3162013 TI - Management of the handicapped and the anxious child: a retrospective study of dental treatment carried out under general anaesthesia. PMID- 3162014 TI - Career selection factors among second year post-doctoral pedodontic students. PMID- 3162015 TI - [Development of "inverse substrates" for trypsin. Application to the studies on the structure and function of the enzyme and to the design for biologically active compounds]. PMID- 3162016 TI - Effects of the calcium antagonists perhexiline and cinnarizine on vascular and cardiac contractile protein function. AB - The weakly basic, lipophilic Ca++ antagonists perhexiline and cinnarizine have been compared with the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 and the cardiotonics Vardax and APP-201-533 for the ability to modulate Ca++-dependent contractile protein interactions directly, as well as Ca++-calmodulin-mediated myosin light chain phosphorylation, in arterial actomyosin or cardiac myofibrils. Both perhexiline and cinnarizine inhibited arterial myosin P-light chain phosphorylation and superprecipitation of arterial actomyosin over the concentration range of 10 to 200 microM. Concomitant inhibition of arterial superprecipitation and phosphorylation by perhexiline (IC50 = 33 microM) and cinnarizine (IC50 = 60 microM) was similar to W-7 (IC50 = 35 microM), and was characterized by a rightward shift in the pCa superprecipitation and pCa-light chain phosphorylation relationships, depressed maximum activity and attenuation by 2 microM exogenous calmodulin. However, whereas inhibition of superprecipitation and P-light chain phosphorylation by W-7 was equal at different Mg++ concentrations, relatively greater inhibition with perhexiline and less inhibition with cinnarizine was apparent as the free Mg++ concentration was lowered. In cardiac myofibrils prepared from both bovine and canine ventricles, perhexiline stimulated Mg adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity and cinnarizine was without effect, whereas W-7 significantly depressed ATPase activity. Perhexiline was 10-fold more potent and 3-fold more efficacious than either Vardax or APP-201-533 in canine cardiac myofibrils. Whereas APP-201-533 increased Ca++ sensitivity and maximum ATPase activity (Vmax), perhexiline increased Ca++ sensitivity, but not Vmax, and W-7 depressed both parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3162017 TI - Influence of hepatic oxidative metabolism on the immunosuppressive activities of 6-thiopurines. AB - It has been suggested that in vitro and in vivo hepatic metabolism of 6 thiopurine and its prodrug azathioprine generates immunosuppressive metabolites with far greater activity than the parent drugs. To examine this possibility, in vitro and in vivo drug-metabolizing systems were interfaced with in vitro immune response assays for the detection of active 6-thiopurine metabolites. In this way, it was demonstrated that preincubation of 6-thiopurine with hepatic microsomes from Balb/c mice does not enhance the immunosuppressive activity of the parent drug in in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assays performed with Balb/c splenocytes stimulated by T and B cell mitogenic lectins. In fact, prior microsomal metabolism generally decreased the inhibitory effects of 6-thiopurine on lymphocyte mitogenic responses, indicating that any metabolites formed under these conditions were relatively inactive. In contrast, the immunosuppressive effects of cyclophosphamide, which was used as a positive control in this system, were profoundly increased by microsomal metabolism. It was shown, moreover, that in vivo metabolism of 6-thiopurine and azathiopurine did not lead to the generation of metabolites with detectably greater immunosuppressive activity than the parent drugs. The circulating immunosuppressive activity present in the serum of drug-treated Balb/c mice, when quantitated in vitro with a sensitive murine mixed lymphocyte culture system, was found to correlate strongly with the serum levels of the unmetabolized thiopurines, which were measured specifically by high pressure liquid chromatography assay. Taken together, these results fail to support earlier hypotheses that blood-borne active metabolites contribute significantly to the immunosuppressive actions of 6-thiopurines. PMID- 3162018 TI - Dependence of adenosine triphosphatase activity of rabbit psoas muscle fibres and myofibrils on substrate concentration. AB - The rate of hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by chemically skinned rabbit muscle fibres was measured as a function of Mg ATP concentration in the range 5 microM to 5 mM. Pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were used to link adenosine diphosphate formation to oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide which was followed by the change in absorption at 340 nm. The ATPase rate of a fully activated fibre (pCa = 4.5) increased monotonically with Mg ATP concentration in a manner that could be readily fitted by a hyperbola. At 15 degrees C, pH 7 and an ionic strength of 0.2 M the rate at saturating Mg ATP (Vm) was 1.78 +/- 0.2 s-1 per myosin head (mean +/- S.D.; n = 6) and the Mg ATP concentration needed for half the maximal rate (Km) was 16.6 +/- 2 microM. The ATPase of fibres that had been stabilized by cross-linking with 1-ethyl-3-(3 dimethyl-aminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) was also investigated. Cross-linking did not significantly affect the Vm or Km and these fibres proved useful for investigating the adequacy of the pyruvate kinase activity for regenerating hydrolysed ATP. Myofibrils were cross-linked with EDC or glutaraldehyde to prevent shortening. Their ATPase properties were investigated: the values of Vm were 0.85 +/- 0.18 (mean +/- S.D.; n = 14) and 0.82 +/- 0.05 s-1 (n = 6) and of Km were 18.0 +/- 2.8 and 12.4 +/- 2.4 microM respectively. The values of Vm and Km for EDC cross-linked myofibrils were fairly insensitive to ionic strength, the Km decreasing 40% and the Vm increasing 50% for a change from 0.2 to 0.3 M. This slight dependence on ionic strength is considered in relation to the ionic strength dependence of the elementary rate constants of the actomyosin subfragment-1 ATPase cycle. PMID- 3162020 TI - Steroid hormones in uterine washings and in plasma of gilts between days 9 and 15 after oestrus and between days 9 and 15 after coitus. AB - Between Days 9 and 15 after oestrus, concentrations of pregnenolone, pregnenolone sulphate, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulphate, androstenedione, oestrone and oestrone sulphate in free uterine fluid collected from non-pregnant gilts were greater than respective values in plasma (P less than 0.05). The total contents of pregnenolone, progesterone, DHEA, testosterone, oestrone and oestradiol in washings from pregnant uteri exceeded (P less than 0.05) respective non-pregnancy levels during this same period. Concentrations of pregnenolone, pregnenolone sulphate, DHEA, DHEA sulphate, androstenedione, oestrone, oestrone sulphate and oestradiol in free uterine fluid recovered from gravid uteri were also higher (P less than 0.05) than respective plasma values. By contrast, the progesterone concentration in uterine fluid from pregnant animals was lower (P less than 0.001) than the plasma value. Concentrations of DHEA, DHEA sulphate, androstenedione and oestrone sulphate in plasma of pregnant gilts between Days 9 and 15 after mating exceeded (P less than 0.05) the respective concentrations in unmated gilts between Days 9 and 15 after oestrus. Plasma levels of pregnenolone sulphate were lower (P less than 0.05) in the pregnant animals. We therefore suggest that the endometrium of the pig can concentrate steroid hormones in uterine fluid and that increases in steroid levels in this milieu between Days 9 and 15 after coitus reflect steroidogenesis by embryonic tissues and modification of enzyme activities within uterine tissues under the influence of progestagens. The pool of steroid sulphoconjugates present in uterine fluid between Days 9 and 15 post coitum could serve as an important precursor source for progestagen, androgen and oestrogen synthesis by tissues of pig embryos before implantation. PMID- 3162022 TI - OKT4:OKT8 ratios of circulating T cells and in vitro suppressor cell function of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). AB - OKT4:OKT8 ratios of circulating T cells and in vitro suppressor cell function of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were studied and correlations were made with clinical characteristics and laboratory variables of disease activity. Suppression of pokeweed mitogen induced immunoglobulin synthesis by OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells was taken as a measure of suppressor cell function. Mean values of OKT4:OKT8 ratios were increased in patients with JRA. A decrease in suppressor cell function correlated with high OKT4:OKT8 ratios but neither abnormality was related to increased disease activity. PMID- 3162021 TI - Decreased level of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (OKT8+) in polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis: relation to disease activity. AB - Separated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by fluorescent microscopy with monoclonal antisera for T cells (OKT3+), helper/inducer T cells (OKT4+) and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (OKT8+). Thirty-seven patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), 13 of whom had positive biopsies for arteritis, were studied and compared with 25 age and sex matched normal subjects. The percentages of OKT3+ and OKT4+ T cells were similar in the PMR group and controls, but percentage of OKT8+ T cells was significantly reduced in patients (14.8 +/- 6.8) compared with controls (22.1 +/- 6.3). Values of OKT8+ T cells were extremely low in untreated patients with active, acute disease (7.8 +/- 4.4%) and significantly lower than in prednisone treated patients with inactive disease (17.3 +/- 5.9). These findings indicate that low values of circulating OKT8+ T cells is a feature of PMR and is related to disease activity. PMID- 3162019 TI - Synchronous afferent discharge from a passive muscle of the cat: significance for interpreting spike-triggered averages. AB - Evidence is presented for the existence of synchrony between the spike trains of muscle afferents of the passive cat medial gastrocnemius muscle held at fixed length. Synchrony between the spike trains of a population of muscle afferents was quantified by means of a synchronization index (Is), derived from spike triggered averages of the muscle-nerve neurogram and the rectified neurogram. A previously used test based solely upon the neurogram average (Watt, Stauffer, Taylor, Reinking & Stuart, 1976) is shown to be invalid. The differences between experimentally derived Is values and theoretical Is values derived for the condition of asynchrony were compared to estimated confidence limits for those differences. This comparison revealed that twenty-two of fifty-three muscle afferent spike trains whose rectified averages satisfied certain conditions for interpreting the Is were synchronized with the discharge of other afferents. The form of the rectified averages of another eight afferents suggested that these afferents might also have been synchronized. Synchrony in the discharge of muscle afferents was found in three experiments in which the neurogram was recorded from a single nerve branch to medial gastrocnemius, as well as in the data of experiments in which the whole muscle nerve was used. The degree of synchrony was similar for Ia, spindle group II and Ib afferents. The magnitude of the synchrony found in these experiments was judged by comparison to the results of analog simulations and the increase in Is values resulting from the application of small, quick stretches to the medial gastrocnemius muscle. The degree of synchrony found on average was approximately equivalent to that of a single spike occurring once for every four discharges of the reference spike train. Simulations were performed to determine the distortion of monosynaptic excitatory post-synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s) obtained by spike-triggered averaging which would be produced by synchrony between the spike trains of Ia and spindle group II afferents of the magnitude found in this study. These simulations indicate that the apparent amplitude would be increased by approximately 4 microV on average. Both the 10-90% rise time and the half-width would increase, the effects being greater for smaller e.p.s.p.s. Consequently, the synchrony found in this study is of most concern in the study of small post-synaptic potentials, such as those due to spindle group II afferents. PMID- 3162023 TI - Acne fulminans associated with arthritis in monozygotic twins. PMID- 3162024 TI - Antigen specific suppressor T cells from chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers inhibit the responsiveness to HBsAg of allogeneic high-responder lymphocytes. AB - Immunoregulatory mechanisms in chronic HBsAg carriers have been investigated through the study of in vitro proliferative responses to HBsAg by allogeneic coculture experiments between T lymphocytes from HBsAg + chronic active hepatitis (CAH) patients (HBsAg no responder) and PBMC from subjects boosted with anti hepatitis B vaccine (high responder). When high-responder PBMC have been challenged with the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the presence of HBsAg no-responder T lymphocytes, HBsAg no-responder T lymphocytes caused an antigen specific, dose-dependent, suppression of the responsiveness of high-responder PBMC. On the other hand, T cells from patients with autoimmune CAH did not exert any suppressor effect in our system. The suppressor T lymphocytes were mitomycin C resistant and were positive for OKT8, but were negative for OKT4. When T8 + cells were depleted from HBsAg no-responder PBMC, the in vitro immunoproliferative response to HBsAg in chronically HBV infected patients was markedly improved. Out data clearly demonstrate the existence of T8 + suppressor T lymphocytes that can control low responsiveness to HBsAg in chronic HBV patients. PMID- 3162025 TI - Immunological studies on Crohn's disease. II. Lack of evidence for humoral and cellular dysfunctions. AB - In 16 patients with Crohn's disease, we attempted to determine possible alterations in humoral and/or cellular immunologic dysfunctions. We examined the antinuclear, antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal autoantibodies, circulating immunoglobulin levels and complement components. To clarify the significance of cellular immunity in Crohn's disease, mitogenic lymphocyte transformation and concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell activities were studied. Evidence for humoral and cellular immunological abnormalities was not obtained. The correlation between these immunological parameters and disease activity was also nil. These results suggest that Crohn's disease may not be an immunodysfunctional disorder such as systemic lupus erythematosus, but rather a multifactorial disease. The immunological abnormalities reported in the literature may represent phenomena related to states of malnutrition, since the patients we studied were clinically not in a severe stage of the disease. PMID- 3162027 TI - Demographic factors and the incidence of Down's syndrome in Ireland. AB - Census data on Down's syndrome in Ireland reveal such a high prevalence rate that birth incidence must be undeniably higher than in most, if not all, other countries which report such findings. Furthermore, though there are some indications in the Census data that incidence at birth may be falling, it is likely to remain comparatively higher than elsewhere because of a relatively large family size and high fertility rates in the 35 years and over age-groups and also because amniocentesis and abortion are not available here. Given this situation the demand for special health and educational services for persons with this condition will not lessen greatly. In order to adequately plan for this demand it is important that attention be given to the study of live-birth incidence and infant/child mortality in this condition. PMID- 3162026 TI - Effects of membrane potential on sodium-dependent calcium uptake by sarcolemma enriched preparations from canine ventricle. AB - The effect of membrane potential on sodium-dependent calcium uptake by vesicles in an isolated cardiac sarcolemma preparation was examined. Initial time course studies showed that the reaction deviated from initial velocity conditions within minutes. This appeared to be due, in part, to loss of the sodium gradient. Assays carried out to 10 sec revealed a linear component of uptake (2 to 10 sec) and a faster component (complete by 2 sec). The latter was eliminated by loading the preparation with ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). This maneuver did not affect the slow component, and subsequent studies used preparations containing EGTA. Potassium Nernst potentials (EK), established by potassium gradients in the presence of valinomycin, were varied from -100 to +30 mV by changing [K+]o from 1.18 to 153.7 mM ([K+]i = 50 mM). The initial velocity of sodium-dependent calcium uptake was stimulated twofold by changing EK from -100 to 0 mV and another twofold by raising EK from 0 to +30 mV. For the total range of EK and [K+]o, 32 to 36% of the increase appeared to reflect stimulation by extravesicular potassium. The remainder appeared to be due to membrane potential. The profile of sodium-dependent calcium uptake versus EK suggested that calcium influx through electrogenic sodium/calcium exchange may be much more affected by the positive region of the cardiac action potential than by the negative region. PMID- 3162028 TI - Congenital heart disease as a significant factor in the morbidity of children with Down's syndrome. AB - A comparison of children with Down's syndrome classified according to having congenital heart disease has shown no differences in contact with the general practitioner, new episodes of respiratory illness, acute admission to hospital or mortality over the period of 1981. It is suggested that the prognostic significance of coincidental congenital heart disease in Down's syndrome be questioned. PMID- 3162029 TI - A study of institutionalized mentally retarded patients in Manitoba: over representation by Canadian Indian children. AB - During analysis of data on 406 severely and profoundly mentally retarded children and their families in Manitoba a marked excess of Canadian Indian children was observed. There was no evidence to suggest that the over-representation by native children was due to an increased propensity of Indian families to institutionalize their children nor were these patients more profoundly retarded or more physically handicapped than the non-Indian children studied. Further analysis showed that Indian children were primarily over-represented in the groups with acquired retardation, autosomal recessive genetic disorders, idiopathic retardation with seizures and idiopathic retardation with malformations or dysmorphic signs. Review of other demographic findings indicated that other factors potentially predisposing to retardation, including low socioeconomic status, illegitimacy, high birth order, poor maternal reproductive history and increased consanguinity, were more common in the histories of native children. Severe and profound mental retardation has been said to occur equally in all strata of society. This evidently was not so in this Canadian population and the Indian child may be at special risk. Health care workers should be aware of possible predisposing factors for retardation in this group if reduction of the incidence of this major problem is to be achieved. PMID- 3162030 TI - Xylose absorption in Down's syndrome. AB - A standard xylose absorption test was carried out in 14 people with Down's syndrome (DS) and in 14 age-matched mentally deficient controls; a further 30 people with DS were similarly investigated. Mentally deficient people as a group were found to have impaired xylose absorption, the matched DS subjects having a significantly reduced xylose absorption (P less than 0.001) when compared to the mentally deficient controls. Ninety percent of the DS subjects had a xylose excretion below the normal range. At present it is not possible to identify the cause of the malabsorption but it is highly likely that the malabsorption plays a role in a number of the vitamin and mineral deficiencies found in people with DS. PMID- 3162031 TI - Receptive language processing and ear advantage of Down's syndrome children. AB - A group of Down's syndrome (DS) children was tested on Part 5 of the Token Test for Children (TTC) and a dichotic listening test (DLT, digits), and their scores were compared with those of a group of retarded children with other conditions (non-DS), matched on PPVT score and CA. It was found that the DS children showed significantly more of a left ear advantage on the DLT than did the non-DS group, and also performed significantly more poorly than the non-DS children on those tasks requiring an understanding of complex syntactical structures, while they showed no such deficit in performing spatial/simultaneous tasks. When the children were redivided into groups comprised of those showing a right ear advantage, or a non right ear advantage, similar differences between the two groups were found, with the children in the right ear advantage group being superior on the syntactical tasks but not on the spatial tasks. The results are discussed in terms of a direct link, in neurologically intact children, between ear advantage and actual receptive language abilities. PMID- 3162032 TI - Control of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase genetic expression. Site-directed mutagenesis of the pheS, T operon regulatory region in vitro. AB - Previous studies of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase expression in Escherichia coli strongly suggested that the pheS, T operon was regulated by a phenylalanine mediated attenuation mechanism. To investigate the functions of the different segments composing the pheS, T attenuator site, a series of insertion, deletion and point mutations in the pheS, T leader region have been constructed in vitro on a recombinant M13 phage. The effects of these alterations on the regulation of the operon were measured after transferring each mutation onto a lambda phage carrying a pheS, T-lacZ fusion. The behaviours of the various mutants agree with the predictions of the attenuation model. The role of the antiterminator (2-3 pairing) as competitor of the terminator (3-4 pairing) is demonstrated by several mutations affecting the stability of the 2-3 base-pairing. The existence of deletions and point mutations in the 3-4 base-pairing shows that the terminator is essential for both expression level and regulation of the operon. Mutations in the translation initiation site of the leader peptide show that the expression of the leader peptide is essential for attenuation control. However, alteration of the translation initiation rate of the leader peptide derepresses the pheS, T operon, which is the opposite of what is observed with the trp operon. This difference is explained in terms of different translation initiation efficiencies of the leader peptides. Finally, insertion mutations, increasing gradually the distance between the leader peptide stop codon and the first strand of the antiterminator, derepress the pheS, T operon and show that formation of the antiterminator structure is under the control of the translation of the leader peptide. PMID- 3162033 TI - Effect of pH on calcium ion dependence of dog cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum adenosine triphosphatase activity. AB - The effect of [Ca2+] on (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity from dog heart sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments was evaluated under three different pH values: 6.0, 6.8 and 7.6. Considering pH 6.8 as reference, under pH 7.6 an increase of the activity at saturating [Ca2+], an increase of pCa needed for half-maximal activation, and a decrease of the Hill coefficient, were observed. Opposite results were obtained under pH 6.0. The positively cooperative effect of Ca2+ was only observed at the lowest pH. The results are in line with previous suggestions regarding the existence of two enzymatic states with different Ca2+ affinities; this paper suggests as well, that equilibrium between these states is affected by pH. The results are compared with data obtained with skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments under the same experimental conditions. PMID- 3162034 TI - The effect of short term normothermic global ischemia and acidosis on cardiac myofibrillar Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPase activity. AB - There is now good evidence to indicate the onset of myocardial ischemia is accompanied by a decline in intracellular pH which parallels the decrease in tension development. The component of the excitation--contraction coupling system which is responsible for the loss in tension development has not been determined although the contractile proteins are a likely candidate since the calcium sensitivity of tension development and of myofibrillar ATPase are both inhibited by a decrease in pH. However, these studies have utilized normal tissues and the effects of pH compounded with ischemia have not been determined. It is plausible to suggest that there may occur ischemic damage to the excitation--contraction coupling system which would depress function in a manner distinct from that incurred by acidosis. Toya-Oka and Ross have demonstrated a loss in regulatory proteins during regional ischemia, suggesting an effect of ischemia independent of pH. We recently demonstrated, in sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from ischemic myocardium, a defect in function which could not be accounted for solely on the decrease in pH. It was, therefore, the purpose of this study to determine the effects of decreasing pH on cardiac myofibrillar ATPase activity isolated from hearts which had been subjected to short-term, global normothermic ischemia. This design permits us to answer the following questions: Is there a decrease in myofibrillar ATPase activity in the canine heart following 30 min of normothermic global ischemia? Does acidosis play a contributory role in any observed depression of myofibrillar ATPase activity during ischemia? and Does the ischemic process, independent of acidosis, produce a further depression of myofibrillar ATPase activity? PMID- 3162036 TI - Percutaneous transperitoneal approach to a pelvic kidney for endourological removal of staghorn calculus. AB - Percutaneous access to a pelvic kidney was obtained by retrograde nephrostomy in combination with continuous observation and displacement of bowel loops via a laparoscope. A staghorn calculus was removed by ultrasonic lithotripsy and mechanical extraction, and the patient was discharged from the hospital 5 days later. PMID- 3162035 TI - Immunological defects precursors of myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy? AB - Anti-virus-antibodies are elevated in a relatively high number of dilated cardiomyopathies, and in myocarditis increasing or decreasing titers can characteristically be observed. In myocarditis as well as in dilated cardiomyopathy the high incidence of antibodies in the serum of the patients against myocardial sarcolemmal and mitochondrial proteins coincides with a low T cell-suppressor activity. T-lymphocyte-cell-suppressor activity modifies the immunoglobulin synthesis of B-lymphocytes. The T-cell-suppressor activity has been found to be low in myocarditis as well as in congestive cardiomyopathies. This coincidence looks like a pathogenetic link, since a low T-cell-suppressor activity is generally correlated to an increased antibody synthesis of B lymphocytes. The finding of a low T-cell-suppressor activity in a small group of normal individuals supports the concept that this group has a predisposition to suffer from myocarditis and later on developing dilated cardiomyopathy. Thus there are several indicators of a probably genetically determined immunological defects which can play a pathogenetic role in the development from myocarditis to dilated cardiomyopathy. PMID- 3162037 TI - Ossified metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. AB - A case of ossified tumor in the anterior abdominal wall that proved to be a metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is reported. Computerized tomography detected dense calcification within the tumor but it did not differentiate ossification from calcification. A soft x-ray roentgenogram of the resected tumor revealed a fine trabecular pattern of the ossified area. PMID- 3162038 TI - Treatment of diffuse transitional cell carcinoma in situ by whole bladder hematoporphyrin derivative photodynamic therapy. AB - A total of 10 patients with diffuse, resistant transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder underwent whole bladder hematoporphyrin derivative photodynamic therapy in which a new light bulb fiber was used to deliver red light (630 nm.) from an argon pumped dye laser. Six patients who had carcinoma in situ alone had a complete response, 2 with diffuse carcinoma in situ and stage Ta lesions had persistent stage Ta disease and 2 with diffuse carcinoma in situ and focal stage T2 disease had disappearance of the carcinoma in situ but persistent invasive disease at 3 months. This new light delivery system appears to be effective in the treatment of diffuse, resistant carcinoma in situ of the bladder. PMID- 3162040 TI - Electrocardiograms of American river otters (Lutra canadensis) during immobilization. PMID- 3162039 TI - Distal thoracic aorta to femoral artery bypass: a surgical alternative. AB - Our experience indicates that the DTA-FA bypass is an acceptable alternative inflow procedure when more commonly used procedures are not feasible. In particular, it is suitable for patients who have undergone prior abdominal surgery or irradiation that makes additional abdominal surgery difficult or undesirable and for patients whose previous inflow operations have failed. PMID- 3162041 TI - Reversible asymmetric septal hypertrophy in acute myocarditis. Serial findings of two-dimensional echocardiogram and thallium-201 scintigram. AB - Serial two-dimensional echocardiographic and thallium-201 scintigraphic findings are described in a patient with acute myocarditis diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy. On the 4th day of illness, just before the onset of congestive heart failure, the echocardiogram showed asymmetric septal hypertrophy (IVS/PW = 16 mm/10 mm = 1.6) and thallium-201 scintigram showed the ventricular septal thickening. On the 8th day of illness, when severe congestive heart failure was seen, asymmetric septal hypertrophy disappeared (IVS/PW = 8 mm/8 mm = 1.0), the left ventricle dilated markedly (LVDd = 63 mm), and the wall motion became poor (EF = 0.24). After one month, when congestive heart failure and clinical inflammatory findings disappeared, the contractility somewhat improved (EF = 0.43), although marked left ventricular dilatation remained. Thallium-201 scintigram showed some scattered persistent perfusion defects, thinning of the ventricular septal thickening, and dilatation of the left ventricle. The right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy revealed the histologic findings of the late stage of acute myocarditis. It is concluded that transient thickening of the ventricular wall may represent early changes in acute myocarditis. PMID- 3162042 TI - Indications for and limitations of coronary thrombolysis. AB - Experimental studies in dogs with coronary thrombi induced by copper wire confirmed the optimal method of intracoronary thrombolysis, and showed that a high-dose, brief intravenous infusion of urokinase can lead to recanalization. The thrombolytic effects of intracoronary thrombolysin at a rate of 50 IU/kg over 10 minutes are similar to the effects of intracoronary urokinase at a rate 500 IU/kg over 20 minutes. Overall reperfusion rates of 83-86% have been achieved. These results indicate that the thrombolytic effect of thrombolysin is 20 times stronger than that of urokinase. The effect of a brief intravenous infusion of urokinase was less than that of intracoronary urokinase. The reperfusion rate in the same experimental model was 40%. Later, a clinical trial of intracoronary urokinase was performed in 47 patients with acute myocardial infarction who were admitted within 12 hours of the onset of symptoms. In 25 of 33 (75.8%) patients with complete occlusion, selective or ostial infusion of urokinase 500 IU/kg over 20 minutes was successful. When given intravenously, recanalization was achieved in 11 of 15 (73%) patients with complete occlusion who were admitted within 6 hours. Both reperfusion rates were similar except for dosage and the duration of infusion. PMID- 3162043 TI - Effects of intracoronary thrombolysis therapy on left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. AB - To treat the acute phase of myocardial infarction, nitroglycerin and urokinase were injected directly into the infarct-related coronary artery. Left ventricular ejection fraction and regional ejection changes were significantly preserved in the chronic phase, compared with conventional therapy in patients with obstruction at the same site. Comparing left ventricular function in the acute and chronic phases, left ventricular ejection fraction, regional ejection changes and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure were significantly improved in the chronic phase in patients with reperfusion within 6 hours. On the other hand, in patients who had no reperfusion in either the acute or chronic phase, left ventricular ejection fraction deteriorated in the chronic phase. Even in patients with reperfusion in the acute phase, reocclusion later meant a worse left ventricular ejection fraction in the chronic phase. These results suggest that intracoronary thrombolysis with urokinase within 6 hours gives a good chance of recovery from myocardial damage in patients with myocardial infarction. PMID- 3162044 TI - Clinical experience of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty--technique and results. AB - PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) was performed on 109 patients from April 1981 through March 1984, and successful dilatation was achieved in 82 patients (75.2%). The patients were followed for an average period of 15.6 +/- 10.6 months (range, 0.5-36 months). Twenty-one patients (24%) relapsed, and repeat PTCA resulted in successful dilatation in 13 of 24 patients. The present communication discusses important technical points of PTCA, results of follow-up, and findings in cases of recurrence. The prognosis was good in patients with an uneventful course during six months or more of follow-up. When the successful patients were divided into two groups of relapse and non-relapse, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding sex, age, history of angina pectoris, number of vessels involved, and which coronary artery was involved. It remains for further studies to find the cause of recurrent stenosis and establish an appropriate therapy to prevent it. PMID- 3162045 TI - Improved myocardial ischemia and left ventricular function during exercise after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed in 42 patients with effort angina, 28 (67%) of them underwent successful angioplasty. Treadmill exercise testing, thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy and radionuclide ventriculography were performed before and after PTCA for evaluation of the improvement of myocardial ischemia and left ventricular function at rest and during exercise. The average exercise duration by treadmill testing in 14 successful cases increased from 14 +/- 4 (mean +/- S.D.) to 16 +/- 2 minutes (p less than 0.05). Sixteen of 28 the patients were studied by thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy. Before PTCA, regions of decreased thallium-201 uptake after exercise were observed in 12 of the 16 patients. After angioplasty, no distinct defects were recognizable in 9 of the 12 patients, and in the remaining three, a significant decrease in defects was recognized. Fifteen of the 28 patients were studied by radionuclide ventriculography. The mean ejection fraction was 61 +/- 5% at rest and 56 +/- 11% during exercise (N.S.) before PTCA. After angioplasty, the ejection fraction was unchanged at rest (61 +/- 5 to 62 +/ 4%), but increased significantly during exercise (62 +/- 4 to 74 +/- 4%, p less than 0.001). In conclusion, left ventricular function was improved by successful PTCA due to improvement of myocardial ischemia. The long term results require further study. PMID- 3162046 TI - Emergency aorto-coronary bypass surgery after percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization--its indication and results. AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization (PTCR) was carried out in 201 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Fifteen patients required emergency aorto-coronary bypass grafting (ACBG) subsequent to PTCR; in one immediately following unsuccessful thrombolysis and the remaining 14 patients within 10 days after initial successful recanalization because of reinfarction. One patient died of multiorgan failure postoperatively. Excluding one patient, all patients had left main trunk disease (LMTD) and/or 3 vessel disease (3VD), with residual stenosis at the site of recanalization of greater than 99% with filling delay. Nonsurviving without surgery and medically managed patients on whom repeated angiography was carried out also analysed, in an effort to establish angiographic indications for supplementary surgical revascularization. Patients having extensive coronary artery disease such as LMTD and/or 3VD, emergency ACBG should be performed immediately following PTCR, if the remaining causative stenosis is greater than 99% with filing delay. PMID- 3162047 TI - Experience of emergency coronary artery bypass grafting surgery and operative transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Our experience of performing emergency coronary artery bypass surgery in 9 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and of intraoperative transluminal coronary angioplasty (OTCA) during bypass surgery in another 28 patients was reviewed. Data were evaluated in conjunction with the recent application of intracoronary thrombolytic therapy and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. In 4 of the 9 cases where the emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was performed within 2 hours after the onset of AMI, no new Q waves appeared in electrocardiograms (3 cases), and remarkable improvement of left ventriculographic findings was noted when pre- and postoperative ventriculograms were compared in 2 of these 4 cases. Intraoperative transluminal coronary angioplasty was successful in only 51.6% of the cases when evaluated at the post bypass period and this was less successful than our experience with PTCA. The low success rate was considered to be due to the greater amount of intimal fibrosis in the more distal portion, where the OTCA is performed, than is found in the proximal portion of the coronary arteries. PMID- 3162048 TI - [Anesthesia for abdominal wound dehiscence and evisceration]. PMID- 3162049 TI - Echocardiographic and Holter findings in 321 uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis. AB - Cardiac manifestations in 321 patients on chronic hemodialysis (dialysis duration of from 0.1 to 11.3 years) were examined with non-invasive technique. In contrast to the previous assumption that cardiac dilatation and pericardial effusion are common in patients on chronic hemodialysis, interventricular septal hypertrophy (51.3%) and left ventricular posterior wall hypertrophy (47.1%) on echocardiography and left ventricular hypertrophy (47.0%) on ECG were the most frequent abnormalities in these patients. Although premature beats on routine ECG were found in a limited number of patients (4.7%), ventricular premature beats were recognized in 45.7% and high grade arrhythmias in 27.2% of 92 patients examined with 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring. There were no high grade arrhythmias and the frequency of ventricular premature beats was 19.4% in 31 age-matched healthy subjects studied. Furthermore, the PQ interval was progressively prolonged in relation to the duration of hemodialysis. This finding may suggest that long-term hemodialysis is associated with disturbances of the conduction system. These results indicate that myocardial hypertrophy and high grade arrhythmias are the prominent findings in uremic patients maintained on hemodialysis. We consider that such high grade arrhythmias could be responsible for a high incidence of cardiac death in these patients. PMID- 3162050 TI - [Clinical effect of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR)]. AB - 5'-Deoxy-5-Fluorouridine is converted to 5-Fluorouracil by pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase of which activity is higher in tumor tissues than in surrounding normal ones. The interim result of the phase II study of this drug showed an efficacy in breast, gastric, colorectal and head & neck cancers. Above all, some CR cases in breast cancer indicated remarkable superiority of this drug for monotherapy. The duration of response was relatively long. Even in the cases with previously negative fluorinated pyrimidine therapy, this drug showed a considerable response rate. The main side effect was diarrhea but it was controllable. Diarrhea would become a good indication for determining continuation or cessation of the treatment with this drug. PMID- 3162052 TI - [Detection of suppressor lymphocytes to hematopoietic stem cells in patients with aplastic anemia. Pre-treatment of the bone marrow cells with anti-lymphocyte globulin]. PMID- 3162053 TI - [Membrane surface proteins]. PMID- 3162051 TI - [Antithrombin III and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor in DIC--the significance of their levels and existence of complexes as diagnostic indicators]. PMID- 3162054 TI - [Lymphocyte proliferation test of experimental sulbenicillin rash]. PMID- 3162055 TI - Impairment of macrophage activating factor (MAF) production in lymphocytes from cancer patients. AB - Lymphocytes from patients with either head and neck, breast or hematologic cancer were studied for their ability to be stimulated with the specific antigen streptokinase to produce (MAF). Only 9 of the 48 patients studied possessed lymphocytes which were capable of producing MAF. In addition, breast cancer patients were found to possess suppressor cells which were capable of suppressing the ability of normal lymphocytes to produce MAF. Further experiments were conducted to determine whether the suppressor cells need to be incubated with normal lymphocytes to obtain suppression or whether the cancer patients' suppressor cells secrete a soluble factor which in itself suppresses the ability of normal lymphocytes to produce MAF. It was found that 7 of the 10 breast cancer patients studied possessed such a soluble suppressor factor. PMID- 3162056 TI - Ultrasonic aid in transvenous instrumental dilatation for patients with membranous stenosis of the hepatic portion of the inferior vena cava. AB - We report two cases of a membranous stenosis of the hepatic portion of the inferior vena cava. Membranotomy was performed with a specially designed instrument similar to a Tubbs' dilator following balloon membranotomy. During the procedures, ultrasonographic observations were made and this technique was confirmed to be effective for proper placing of a balloon and a dilator in the stenotic portion. Follow-up evaluation of the procedures was also feasible with this ultrasonic aid. PMID- 3162057 TI - [Antimycobacterial activities of minocycline and ciprofloxacin]. PMID- 3162058 TI - [Different levels of lipoprotein Lp(a) in adult diabetic patients depending on the therapeutic regimen]. AB - A total of 60 newly admitted hospital patients with maturity onset diabetes mellitus and normal kidney function were studied. They were either treated only with a diet (group I), or also with blood-sugar lowering sulfonylureas (group II). Some patients had become insulin-dependent (group III). It was found that the mean serum concentration of lipoprotein Lp(a) was significantly increased in patients in groups II and III, but not in group I, as compared to the median of the group of 51 normal controls. All three groups of diabetics showed normal LDL cholesterol levels but lowered HDL cholesterol values, most pronouncedly in group II. Groups I and II, but not group III, showed a significant increase of the mean serum concentration of triglycerides and of the mean values for the LDL/HDL ratio as compared to normal controls. A correlation between the serum concentration of Lp(a) on the one hand, and the HbA1 value, LDL cholesterol, VLDL, HDL cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol on the other, cannot be found for any of the three groups of diabetics. PMID- 3162059 TI - [Diurnal rhythm of bronchial patency and administration of atrovent]. PMID- 3162061 TI - Use of the flexible film isolator as a single circuit hypoxic chamber for small animals. AB - PVC isolators are now widely used for housing animals and provide a readily available pretested air-tight chamber (Pendry, 1984; Trexler, 1984). We have adapted a flexible film isolator for use as a hypoxic chamber for small animals. The environment within the chamber can be easily and continuously monitored with indwelling probes, obviating the need for a separate circuit for gas analysis. This design has been used for long-term studies of chronic hypoxia. PMID- 3162060 TI - Lipid keratopathy and atheromatosis in an SPF laboratory rabbit colony attributable to diet. AB - Sporadic cases of corneal opacity occurred in an SPF rabbit colony fed on a diet containing 10% white fish-meal. Routine histological monitoring also revealed atheromatous lesions involving the intima of the aorta, coronary arteries and the arteries of other organs in 29 rabbits examined. Serum cholesterol levels above 10 mmol/l were found in 7 rabbits, including 4 affected with corneal lesions, which proved to be lipid keratopathy on histochemical and electron microscopical examination. The serum cholesterol level was found to be within normal range (below 2.27 mmol/l) in 10 rabbits reared entirely on a modified version of the diet, where the 10% fish-meal content was replaced with 10% grass-meal. No more ocular or atheromatous lesions have been found since the adoption of the new diet for the colony. PMID- 3162062 TI - An in vivo assay for chemoattractant activity. AB - We have devised an implantable device for the study of leukocyte chemoattraction. The device consists of a 0.25-mm thick patch of Dacron fabric coupled to a disc of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. Such polymers can release biologically active molecules at a constant rate for at least 18 days. Attracted cells invade and are trapped within the Dacron fabric. Upon removal from the host, the fabric patches are sectioned and stained to reveal the distribution of attracted cells. Distinct patterns of cellular accumulation can be seen for different chemoattractant molecules. These include the attraction of eosinophils by histamine, monocytes by tuftsin, and mast cells by glycyl-histidyl-lysine. Maximal accumulation of specific cell types occurs at postimplantation days 1 to 2 for neutrophils, days 3 to 5 for monocytes, and days 5 to 6 for macrophages and eosinophils. Control polymers fail to cause significant leukocyte accumulation, indicating that neither the polymer nor the Dacron fabric provokes an inflammatory response. PMID- 3162063 TI - Low back pain and the prospects for employment. PMID- 3162064 TI - Testing the response of a cardiac output meter using an artificial circulatory system. AB - The variation in the response of a cardiac output flowmeter to several variables was investigated. An artificial circulatory system was constructed to give independent control of the variables. It was found that variations in the earlobe density, the amount of dye injected and the hematocrit value have little influence on the recorded flow which does, however, depend on the shape of the dilution curve. The values given by the instrument are too low for broad curves and too high for sharp ones, with an error of up to 25%. PMID- 3162065 TI - Instantaneous aortic blood flow measurement with range-gated Doppler flowmeter in anesthetized rat. AB - The availability of a range-gated Doppler flowmeter system enabled us to construct miniaturized probes using piezoelectric crystals that emit an 8 MHz signal and receive the reflected sound waves from passing blood cells. The finished flow probe are 4 mm long and 3 mm in external diameter with lumen diameter appropriate to be placed around the ascending aorta in the rat. The accuracy of the Doppler method in measuring cardiac output in the rat was established by the demonstration of a significant correlation between cardiac output simultaneously measured from ultrasonic (Qd) and thermodilution (Qt) procedures in anesthetized Wistar rats (Qd = 0.55, Qt - 6.67 cm3/min, r = 0.69, p less than 0.001). An average Qd determination is 52.5% +/- 16% of average Qt. From aortic blood pressure and phasic aortic blood velocity, we have compared hemodynamic and cardiovascular functions in 15 spontaneously hypertensive rats and in 15 control Wistar-Kyoto rats under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. The present study demonstrates that phasic aortic blood flow can be quantified easily and accurately in anesthetized rats by using a range-gated Doppler flowmeter and an implantable perivascular flow probe, and should provide a relatively simply method for investigating hemodynamic characteristics in models of disease such as ventricular hypertrophy and hypertension. PMID- 3162066 TI - Thermosynthesis by biomembranes: energy gain from cyclic temperature changes. AB - A theoretical mechanism is described allowing biomembranes to convert heat into electrical energy during temperature cycling (thermosynthesis). Necessary conditions for thermosynthesis are a temperature dependent electrical capacity and a conductivity as low as that of artificial lipid bilayers. Temperature cycling, and consequently thermosynthesis, can take place in leaves during cyclic transpiration and in organisms in natural waters that are carried along by convection currents. Electrogenic ATPases can convert the electrical energy gained by thermosynthesis into ATP if their activity and stoichiometry are properly regulated. The power of thermosynthesis is discussed and its possible value compared with the power of respiration. Environments where thermosynthesis may occur are listed. Thermosynthesis is a plausible energy source for the first living organisms. PMID- 3162067 TI - Left anterior descending coronary artery-right ventricle fistula complicating percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - This case report describes the development of a false aneurysm at the site of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Rupture of the aneurysm resulted in a coronary artery-right ventricle fistula. PMID- 3162069 TI - Thromboembolism, coumarin necrosis, and protein C. PMID- 3162070 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus 5 years after thymectomy for myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 3162068 TI - Preoperative laser photodynamic therapy in combination with operation in lung cancer. AB - Fifteen patients with lung cancer were treated by combined preoperative photodynamic therapy and operation. Preoperative photodynamic therapy was performed for the purpose of either reducing the extent of resection or increasing operability. Clinically, five patients had Stage I disease, two had Stage II, seven had Stage III, and one had Stage IV. There were two cases of tracheal invasion from primary foci, three cases of intrabronchial polypoid tumor or invasion of the carina by primary lesions, eight cases of polypoid tumor or invasion of the main bronchus, and two cases of double primary foci. Argon dye lasers were used in this study. Preoperative laser photodynamic therapy was performed 48 to 72 hours after intravenous administration of hematoporphyrin derivative. Therapeutic conditions were 60 to 600 joules for the superficial invasive areas and additional 200 to 800 mW for 8 to 15 minutes for polypoid tumors. Operation was performed 1 to 9 weeks after photodynamic therapy. The initial purpose of photodynamic therapy was achieved in 11 of 15 patients treated. In four of five originally inoperable cases, conversion to an operable condition was achieved. Ten patients were originally candidates for pneumonectomy, and it became possible to reduce the extent of resection to lobectomy or bilobectomy in seven of them. This study suggests that photodynamic therapy may have an important role in combination with operation and other modalities in advanced lung cancers. PMID- 3162071 TI - [Lytic, serological and transduction characteristics of bacteriophages isolated from clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus]. PMID- 3162072 TI - Changes of the striatal 3H-spiperone binding 3-6 weeks after nigrostriatal denervation and after two years. AB - A complete unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway by 6-hydroxydopamine injection in the substantia nigra induced a drastic increase in striatal dopaminergic binding sites labelled by 3H-spiperone, 30 days after the lesion. This increase (75% over controls) was time restricted: it was only 39% and 34% over control values at respectively 25 and 35 days after the lesion. Furthermore, 45 days after the destruction of the substantia nigra, the density of labelled sites returned close to the homolateral control values, but remained higher than the contralateral ones, according to the right-left difference found in control animals. Quite later (2 years after the lesion), there was a decrease in the density of labelled sites as compared to the respective homolateral control levels. However, such binding sites tend to remain higher in the striatum of the lesioned side than in the striatum of the intact one, although such a difference was not statistically significant, being very close to the right-left asymmetry observed in control animals. Contrary to our previous results with 3H Haloperidol, the apparent dissociation constant did not vary significantly, whatever the considered delay after the lesion. These results are discussed in the light of previous results obtained by others and by us. PMID- 3162073 TI - Regional vasorelaxant selectivity of atrial natriuretic factor in isolated rabbit vessels. AB - Synthetic atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) exhibited a marked selectivity in its ability to relax isolated rabbit arteries and veins. The aorta, renal and mesenteric arteries and the facial vein were the most sensitive vessels with the more distal arteries and most veins being relatively unresponsive to ANF. All preparations were effectively relaxed by sodium nitroprusside. ANF (up to 10(-7) M) failed to elicit any effect on isolated rabbit right atria or papillary muscles. The profound regional vasorelaxant selectivity of ANF may help to explain the hemodynamic effects of this substance in vivo. PMID- 3162074 TI - Target size analysis of serotonin 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors in bovine brain membranes. AB - Freeze-dried crude synaptic membranes prepared from bovine cerebral cortex and striatum were exposed to high energy gamma ray from the source of 60Co. The size of serotonin 5-HT1 receptors labeled by [3H]serotonin and that of 5-HT2 receptors labeled by [3H]spiperone or [3H]ketanserin was determined by target size analyses. The values were 57,000 daltons, 145,000 daltons and 152,000 daltons for the cerebral cortex and 56,000 daltons, 141,000 daltons and 150,000 daltons for the striatum, respectively. The estimated sizes were deduced by reference to enzyme standards with known molecular masses and which were irradiated in parallel. Our results demonstrate that the molecular entities in situ for 5-HT1 receptors are distinct from those for 5-HT2 receptors, thus supporting data on the existence of two distinct populations of serotonin receptors, hitherto evidenced physiopharmacologically. PMID- 3162075 TI - Dynamic and static stretch responses in muscle spindle receptors in fatigued muscle. AB - Dynamic and static stretch responses in muscle spindles were investigated in fatigued muscle to determine if acute adaptations do occur in receptor discharge as has been shown after contractions of short duration. Fatigue to 60-50% maximum tetanic tension was induced in the isolated gastrocnemius muscle in 16 cats by sustained, 7 X threshold electrical stimulation (100 Hz) of the cut L7 ventral root and S1 ventral root. Group Ia and II afferent fiber responses to slow ramp stretches (5 mm X s-1) and vibration (100 Hz) applied to the Achilles tendon were monitored before and immediately after muscle tetany to fatigue. Changes in firing characteristics were similar when results from faster (25-30 mm X s-1) ramp stretches were contrasted. During muscle fatigue, decreases in response latency to displacement and increases in resting discharge, mean frequency during stretch, and frequency of firing to vibration were predominant in both afferent fiber types. Static responses were generally lower, indicating a decrease in position sensitivity. Resting muscle force and passive peak muscle stiffness were consistently higher following contraction. The sum effects of these proprioceptive afferent and mechanical muscle responses would be to increase muscle stiffness and thus resist yield in muscle length to perturbations at lower muscle forces. The magnitude of these adaptations in proprioceptive discharge appears dependent on intrafusal muscle fiber activation. PMID- 3162076 TI - Serum lipoproteins and endogenous sex hormones in early life: observations in children with different lipoprotein profiles. AB - Relationships of endogenous testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, estradiol, and progesterone to lipoprotein cholesterol levels were examined concurrently in four groups of children (N = 375, age range 6 to 18 years) whose earlier VLDL-cholesterol and/or LDL-cholesterol levels were in the extreme quintiles or quartiles. In terms of significant correlations, estradiol related inversely with VLDL-cholesterol in prepubertal boys (-0.28) and pubertal girls (-0.34), while estradiol/testosterone ratios related inversely with LDL-cholesterol in pubertal girls (-0.27). HDL-cholesterol related negatively with testosterone in pubertal boys (-0.24) and positively with estradiol in pubertal girls (0.40). With respect to contrasting lipoprotein profiles, high LDL-cholesterol groups had significantly high progesterone/estradiol ratio (boys: 8.6 v 6.9; girls: 8.3 v 5.1), high progesterone (girls only: 0.40 v 0.29 ng/mL) and low estradiol/testosterone ratio (girls: 0.15 v 0.21; prepubertal boys: 0.09 v 0.21). Pubertal girls from high VLDL-cholesterol groups showed markedly low estradiol (71 v 120 pg/mL) and estradiol/testosterone ratio (0.11 v 0.19). These results emphasize the role of endogenous sex hormones in modulating lipoprotein concentrations as well as in the sexual divergence of lipoprotein profiles between males and females following puberty. PMID- 3162077 TI - Suppressors of temperature-sensitive mutations in a ribosomal protein gene, rpsL (S12), of Escherichia coli K12. AB - Temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations were isolated within a ribosomal protein gene (rpsL) of Escherichia coli K12. Mutations were mapped by complementation using various transducing phages and plasmids carrying the rpsL gene, having either a normal or a defective promoter for the rpsL operon. One of these mutations, ts118, resulted in a mutant S12 protein which behaved differently from the wild-type S12 on CM-cellulose column chromatography. Suppressors of these ts mutations were isolated and characterized; one was found to be a mutation of a nonribosomal protein gene which was closely linked to the RNAase III gene on the E. coli chromosome. This suppressor, which was recessive to its wild-type allele, was cloned into a transducing phage and mapped finely. A series of cold-sensitive mutations, affecting the assembly of ribosomes at 20 degrees C, was isolated within the purL to nadB region of the E. coli chromosome and one group, named rbaA, mapped at the same locus as the suppressor mutation, showing close linkage to the RNAase III gene. PMID- 3162079 TI - Mitochondrial resistance to miconazole in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - One mutant of mitochondrial origin resistant to miconazole has been isolated and characterized in S. cerevisiae. The mutation is linked to the locus oli1, the structural gene for subunit 9 of ATPase on mitochondrial DNA. Miconazole inhibited the mitochondrial ATPase of the wild type while the enzyme of the resistant mutant was insensitive to this effect. Levels of ATP decreased to one third of the control in the wild type in the presence of miconazole, while they were unaffected in the mutant. PMID- 3162080 TI - Effect of alpha-isopropylmalate on the synthesis of RNA and protein in Neurospora. AB - The leu-3/alpha-IPM (alpha-isopropylmalate) regulatory system, previously shown to control several genes of leucine, isoleucine, valine, and histidine biosynthesis, appears likely to be involved also in the regulation of overall RNA and protein synthesis in Neurospora. Upon addition of alpha-IPM the synthesis of all major species of stable RNA was found to be transiently inhibited by approximately 50%. A similar reduction was observed in overall protein synthesis. The inhibition was dependent in both cases on a functional leu-3 gene product, in conformance with previously established patterns of alpha-IPM dependent gene regulation. The overt resemblance of the phenomenon described here to the 'stringent response' of bacteria is noted but neither the mechanism of inhibition nor the precise role of alpha-IPM in the process has been established. PMID- 3162082 TI - The influence of diabetic state on endotoxicosis. AB - Bacterial endotoxins deplete glycogen reserves in the host, oppose the gluconeogenic action of steroid hormones, and lower energy reserves in mammals. For the past 50 years the intermediary metabolism has been regarded as causal to the eventual outcome of endotoxicosis. Whereas some diabetogenic agents such as streptozotocin actually enhance the toxic effects of endotoxins, others (alloxan) do not appear to influence this parameter. Force feeding of glucose does not alter the outcome of endotoxicosis. Yet, endotoxins are believed to elicit insulin-like mediators from macrophages. In addition, the C3H/HeJ strain of mice which exhibits refractoriness to the lethal effects of the toxin undergoes just as severe a loss in total glycogen reserves as Swiss albino mice which are highly sensitive to endotoxin mediated death. These and similar observations suggest that the prime target(s) in endotoxicosis still remain elusive. However, endotoxins appear to form an important and interesting tool to elucidate various aspects of host physiology. PMID- 3162078 TI - Gene fusions to the ptsM/pel locus of Escherichia coli. AB - We have constructed gene fusions between ptsM/pel and lacZ. These fusions affect both phenotypes assigned to the ptsM/pel locus (at 40 min), namely, no growth on mannose or glucosamine and inhibition of the penetration of bacteriophage lambda DNA, as well as that of other lambdoid phages such as Hy-2. Since the lacZ gene fusions are insertion mutations that abolish target gene function by disrupting the linear contiguity of the gene, it would appear that ptsM and pel are either the same gene or two genes within the same operon. Several size classes of these ptsM/pel-lacZ fusions have been isolated and the corresponding hybrid proteins are associated with the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli. This is consistent with the proposal that ptsM/pel codes for Enzyme II of the phosphotransferase transport system (PTS) specific for mannose, glucosamine, fructose and glucose. However, we have also identified Tn10 insertion mutations that confer a Man- phenotype but have no effect on the Pel phenotype. Complementation analysis indicates that the Tn10 insertions and the lacZ gene fusions are in different genes. Both of these genes are involved in mannose uptake. This suggests that the locus at 40 min can be subdivided into two genes whose products are required for mannose uptake and that only one of these is involved in the penetration of lambda DNA. PMID- 3162081 TI - Occurrence of gram negative bacteria in midstream bladder urine and their sensitivity to quinoline derivatives. AB - 326 gram negative bacteria have been isolated and quantitative bacteria counts performed from midstream urine of as many patients affected with symptomatic and non symptomatic urinary tract infections. Susceptibility of bacteria to four quinoline derivatives (Norfloxacin, Oxolinic acid, Pipemidic acid and Nalidixic acid) was studied determining the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of each drug by a miniaturized dilution broth method. The frequency of bacterial species isolated, the frequency of symptoms and the frequency of bacterial counts were studied to establish a possible relationship between these data. It has been observed that patients affected with pyuria without any other subjective symptoms demonstrate a colony count ranging between less than 10(4) and greater than 10(5) bacterial/ml of urine and these bacteriuria were determined by several different bacterial species. E. coli was much more frequently responsible for low or high count bacterial infections of the urinary tract than other species. In fact E. coli was detected in 64.4% of patients, P. mirabilis in 15.9%, E. agglomerans in 5.2%, P. aeruginosa in 4.9. Other species were detected in much lower percentages. Norfloxacin proved to be the most effective drug in vitro, out of those under examination. Its MIC50 never exceeded 8 mcg/ml even against Pseudomonas and Serratia strains, which were resistant to all the other antimicrobial agents. PMID- 3162083 TI - Heed this legal advice regarding seat belt exemptions. PMID- 3162084 TI - Cimetidine as an adjuvant for allogeneic lymphocyte immunotherapy of cancer. PMID- 3162085 TI - Immunologically oriented concept of the genesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - An immunologically oriented concept of the genesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is presented in which the central event is the lack of cytotoxic T8 cells. An interlocking system wherein the T4 (helper) cells do not synthesize interleukin-2 to generate the cytotoxic cells due to the lack of functional thymosin as well as the lack of interleukin-1 from the macrophages is postulated. The transmissible agent which sets the cascade of immunologic imbalance into play replicates only in the thymic epithelium and subverts thymosin synthesis. The T8 cells in the syndrome are exclusively H2 positive and functionally suppressor. The macrophage which phagocytizes the effete thymic epithelium hematogenously spreads the transmissible agent to others. Kaposi's sarcoma is considered to be an integral component of the immunologic disarray in that angiogenesis is proposed to require two essential events - endothelial cell proliferation and movement of those cells. Under normal circumstances although the activated macrophage elaborates a monokine that has endothelial cell proliferative inducing capacity the cells are held in situ by a lymphokine that prevents movement. The lymphokine is considered to be IL-2. Eight predictions of the model which are experimentally testable are presented. PMID- 3162087 TI - [Human group infection with a natural strain of Trichinella in Perm Province]. PMID- 3162086 TI - [Factors determining the infectivity of the vectors of the causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis and the possibility of computed prognosis of this index]. PMID- 3162088 TI - [Detection of a mass breeding site of Culex pipiens L. blood-sucking mosquitoes and their attack on people in the area of Ziadin Station of the Central Asian Railroad. Measures for controlling and preventing their breeding]. PMID- 3162089 TI - [A case of cutaneous leishmaniasis presumably of the urban type against a background of long-term epidemiological health in Andizhan]. PMID- 3162090 TI - [Attacks of black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) on man in the Udmurt ASSR]. PMID- 3162091 TI - Discrete eye-position recording for alternative communication. AB - A feasibility study for using Electro-Oculo-Graphy in a two-step direct-selection type of communication is carried out. The magnitude of any saccade at a certain adjustable time Ts after the start of the saccade is measured and compared to a number of previously adjusted set reference potentials by a multicomparator. Any E.O.G. signal within a certain range is classified to have the central reference potential of a band. Once the corresponding potential band is determined, a light source will light up, serving as a visual feed-back. The automatic reset circuit will keep the potential of the E.O.G. signal at the central reference potential as long as the eye stays 'fixed' on the same light source in the column of light sources. Slow pursuit movement of the eye and/or the head are possible however below the trigger-velocity on any saccade before the selection of another light source, giving the user a certain degree of freedom. It is concluded, that the construction of a two-step E.O.G. controlled communicator by direct selection with discrete vertical eye-positions is a possible approach. Application of the saccade-discretisator to the field of rehabilitation is discussed. PMID- 3162092 TI - [Meleda disease. 2 brothers treated with aromatic retinoids]. PMID- 3162094 TI - [Luminescence study of the conformation behavior of alcohol dehydrogenase from horse liver during substrate binding]. AB - The luminescence quenching and conformational behavior of alcohol dehydrogenase from horse liver upon substrate binding has been studied. It was shown that the binding of NADH and NAD+ to the enzyme resulted in the quenching of Trp-314 luminescence, whereas the luminescence of Trp-15 was not quenched. In this case non-radiating energy transfer from Trp-314 to NADH was observed. An essential energy transfer from Trp-15 to NADH and between the two Trp-314 of both subunits of the enzyme was not revealed. The quenching of the enzyme luminescence upon NAD+ binding was, mainly, caused by NAD+ reduction up to NADH. It was assumed, that the release of the proton upon NAD+ binding occurred due to the reduction. Binding of ethanol, ADP or adenosine did not result in essential conformational changes of the enzyme. PMID- 3162093 TI - [Study of the sorption immobilization of coenzyme-dependent oxidoreductases and their functions in electro-enzymatic processes and biological membranes]. AB - The sorption of a model ferment-cofactor system ADH-NAD on hydrophobic carbon carriers and its electrocatalytic properties have been investigated. On the basis of obtained experimental data a model of the structure of inner mitochondrial membrane and a mechanism of transfer of hydrogen through it have been proposed. PMID- 3162095 TI - Structural gene for ornithine decarboxylase in Neurospora crassa. AB - To define the structural gene for ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in Neurospora crassa, we sought mutants with kinetically altered enzyme. Four mutants, PE4, PE7, PE69, and PE85, were isolated. They were able to grow slowly at 25 degrees C on minimal medium but required putrescine or spermidine supplementation for growth at 35 degrees C. The mutants did not complement with one another or with ODC-less spe-1 mutants isolated in earlier studies. In all of the mutants isolated to date, the mutations map at the spe-1 locus on linkage group V. Strains carrying mutations PE4, PE7, and PE85 displayed a small amount of residual ODC activity in extracts. None of them had a temperature-sensitive enzyme. The enzyme of the PE85 mutant had a 25-fold higher Km for ornithine (5mM) than did the enzyme of wild-type or the PE4 mutant (ca. 0.2 mM). The enzyme of this mutant was more stable to heat than was the wild-type enzyme. These characteristics were normal in the mutant carrying allele PE4. The mutant carrying PE85 was able to grow well at 25 degrees C and weakly at 35 degrees C with ornithine supplementation. This mutant and three ODC-less mutants isolated previously displayed a polypeptide corresponding to ODC in Western immunoblots with antibody raised to purified wild-type ODC. We conclude that spe-1 is the structural gene for the ODC. PMID- 3162096 TI - Biochemical properties of a highly purified v-rasH p21 protein overproduced in Escherichia coli and inhibition of its activities by a monoclonal antibody. AB - The v-rasH oncogene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus encodes a 21,000-dalton p21 protein which has been expressed at a high level as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli. We have purified the p21 to over 90% in purity without the use of any detergent or protein denaturant. The purified p21 possesses full biochemical activities of GTP/GDP binding, autokinase, and GTPase. Scatchard analysis indicates a single class of binding sites with Kd values of 0.83 X 10( 8)M for GTP and 1.0 X 10(-8)M for GDP. The binding site can be specifically labeled with a [3H]GTP photoaffinity analog, P3-(4-azidoanilido)-5' GTP. To probe for the active center of p21, we used a battery of six monoclonal antibodies to p21 to examine their effects on p21 activities. We found that only one monoclonal antibody, Y13-259, was capable of inhibiting both GTP/GDP binding and autokinase enzymatic activities, suggesting that these p21 activities are related activities conferred by a single active center within the p21 molecule. These observations together with the recent finding that microinjection of the same monoclonal antibody into NIH 3T3 cells specifically blocks p21 in vivo function (Mulcahy et al., Nature [London] 313:241, 1985) strongly suggest that p21 in vitro activities are responsible for its cellular function. PMID- 3162097 TI - Comparison of membrane-associated proteins of murine cytolytic and helper cloned T-cell lines: identification of a protein, p24, prominent in membrane fractions from cytolytic but not helper T-cells. AB - It has recently been reported that liposomes containing membrane components from cytolytic T-cell (TC) clones could transfer lytic activity to noncytolytic T- and B-cell lines, strongly suggesting that TC possess membrane-associated molecules which noncytolytic lymphocytes lack and which play a critical role in the lytic mechanism. It was thus of interest to compare the membrane-associated proteins from TC-lines to those of noncytolytic helper T-cell (TH) lines to determine whether any membrane-associated proteins unique to TC could be identified. Cells from three TC-lines and four TH-lines were internally labelled with [35S]methionine and then disrupted by hypotonic lysis. Low-density (plasma membrane enriched) and high-density (endoplasmic reticulum enriched) membrane fractions were isolated from each cloned cell line and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. Two proteins were identified which were prominent in the membrane fractions from each of the three TC-lines but not in the membrane fractions from any of the four TH lines. One of these, p215, migrated as a broad band with an apparent mol. wt of 215,000. The other, p24, migrated as a sharp band, or tightly spaced doublet, with an apparent mol. wt of 24,000. Immunoprecipitation studies using monoclonal antibodies to T200, LFA-1, Thy 1 and Lyt 2 suggested that p215 was a variant of T200 found on TC-lines but not on TH-lines. Treatment of solubilized membrane proteins from TH-lines with anti-T200 precipitated a 185-kD protein seen on each of the TH-lines but on none of the TC-lines. In contrast, p24 was not precipitated by any of these monoclonal antibodies. It therefore appears that p24 represents a previously unidentified protein which is strongly expressed by TC but not by TH and is thus deserving of further study as to its functional significance. PMID- 3162098 TI - Induction of 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase II is recA+-independent. AB - The recA1 mutation was transduced into the tag-2 mutant of E. coli, thus making a strain deficient in the induction of SOS repair as well as in the constitutive repair of 3-alkylated adenines in DNA. The double mutant recA tag is more sensitive to methyl methanesulfonate exposure than either single mutant, indicating that recA and tag mutations block different pathways in repair of alkylation damage. The double mutant is more deficient in host cell reactivation of alkylated phages than the tag single mutant. However, alkylation induction of the double mutant with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine resulted in killing adaptation of the cells to methyl methanesulfonate and restored the host cell reactivation capacity for alkylated lambda phage to wild-type levels. These adaptive responses can be ascribed to the induction of 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase II which is shown by enzyme analysis to proceed normally in the recA mutant background. The results imply that the induction of the alkA gene encoding 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase II is independent of SOS induction. PMID- 3162099 TI - Skin pH on soles in patients with hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma and pathogenicity of dermatophytes. PMID- 3162100 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty versus coronary artery bypass. PMID- 3162101 TI - Retinoic acid embryopathy. AB - Retinoic acid, an analogue of vitamin A, is known to be teratogenic in laboratory animals and has recently been implicated in a few clinical case reports. To study the human teratogenicity of this agent, we investigated 154 human pregnancies with fetal exposure to isotretinoin, a retinoid prescribed for severe recalcitrant cystic acne. The outcomes were 95 elective abortions, 26 infants without major malformations, 12 spontaneous abortions, and 21 malformed infants. A subset of 36 of the 154 pregnancies was observed prospectively. The outcomes in this cohort were 8 spontaneous abortions, 23 normal infants, and 5 malformed infants. Exposure to isotretinoin was associated with an unusually high relative risk for a group of selected major malformations (relative risk = 25.6; 95 per cent confidence interval, 11.4 to 57.5). Among the 21 malformed infants we found a characteristic pattern of malformation involving craniofacial, cardiac, thymic, and central nervous system structures. The malformations included microtia/anotia (15 infants), micrognathia (6), cleft palate (3), conotruncal heart defects and aortic-arch abnormalities (8), thymic defects (7), retinal or optic-nerve abnormalities (4), and central nervous system malformations (18). The pattern of malformation closely resembled that produced in animal studies of retinoid teratogenesis. It is possible that a major mechanism of isotretinoin teratogenesis is a deleterious effect on cephalic neural-crest cell activity that results in the observed craniofacial, cardiac, and thymic malformations. PMID- 3162103 TI - Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic factor in patients with congestive heart failure. PMID- 3162102 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 40-1985. Meningitis, petechiae, and splenomegaly in a five-week old girl. PMID- 3162104 TI - Production of zearalenone, T-2 toxin, and deoxynivalenol by Fusarium spp. isolated from plant materials grown in North Carolina. AB - Fusarium spp. isolated from plant materials grown in the hot, humid climate of North Carolina were tested for production of mycotoxins. Isolates of F. acuminatum, F. graminearum, F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, and F. solani produced zearalenone while isolates of F. equiseti and F. graminearum produced T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol, respectively. This is the first report of zearalenone production by F. solani. The toxins were identified by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These findings suggest that there are toxigenic strains of Fusarium indigenous to the warmer regions of the USA and that fasariotoxicoses of animals in this region are not necessarily the result of importing toxic grains from the cooler, upper midwestern USA. PMID- 3162105 TI - Suppressor T cells in the network. PMID- 3162107 TI - A dermatologist picks up the marbles. PMID- 3162106 TI - Effectiveness of nicorandil in the preservation of myocardium stressed by transient ischemia and its influence on cardiac metabolism during coronary artery occlusion with subsequent reperfusion: a comparison with isosorbide dinitrate. AB - This study was designed to investigate the effects of nicorandil in comparison to isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) on hemodynamics, on myocardial metabolism and on effectiveness in the preservation of ischemically stressed myocardium. Repeated ischemia (3 min) was produced in anaesthetized open-chest mongrel dogs by proximal, intermittent left anterior descending artery occlusion with subsequent reperfusion. In each experiment 2--3 control occlusions were compared to 2--3 occlusions under nicorandil or ISDN. Application of both nicorandil (0.64 mumol X kg-1 body weight, i.v.) and ISDN (1.27 mumol X kg-1 body weight, i.v.) led to a significant afterload reduction and to a decrease of the coronary vascular resistance. The efficiency of the compounds in the protection of ischemic myocardium was examined by quantification of oxygen-debt and oxygen-repayment in the occlusion and reperfusion periods. Compared to control, premedication with nicorandil led to a significant increase of oxygen-debt, whereas ISDN reduced it significantly. Oxygen-repayment remained unchanged. The influence of the drugs on the metabolism of glucose, lactate and free fatty acids (FFA) was examined under basic conditions, in ischemia and during reperfusion. For all substrates, extraction, extraction ratio and oxygen extraction ratio were calculated. Under basic conditions, glucose metabolism was significantly enhanced in both groups but FFA metabolism was inhibited only by ISDN. In ischemia, FFA metabolism was enhanced by nicorandil and depressed by ISDN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3162109 TI - The gait abnormality of Huntington's disease. AB - We investigated 13 patients with Huntington's disease and assessed gait by filming and by gait analyzer before and after increasing haloperidol dosage, until chorea was suppressed or side effects intervened. The severity of chorea and ataxia was scored blindly from videotapes. Gaits were abnormal in 12 of 13 patients and 5 of 6 patients who had symptoms for less than 5 years. Clinical characteristics included wide-based station, lateral swaying, spontaneous knee flexion, variable cadence, and parkinsonian features. Biomechanical analysis illustrated that gait characteristics varied in each walk, with a mean decrease in velocity, stride length, and cadence. Haloperidol treatment decreased chorea but did not affect gait patterns. Ataxia occurs early in the disease, has a distinct but variable pattern, is unrelated to chorea, and is not improved by haloperidol. PMID- 3162108 TI - Double-blind comparative study of paroxetine and amitriptyline in depressed patients of a university psychiatric outpatient clinic (pilot study). AB - 21 depressed patients of the Basle University Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic were treated in a double-blind study with paroxetine and amitriptyline. 11 of these patients did not continue the trial until the end of the 7th week. There was a significant difference in the number of dropouts between the two groups: 80% of the amitriptyline group did not continue until the end, while in the paroxetine group we found only 30% dropouts. The patients of both groups showed a gradual decrease of the median total scores on the Hamilton and the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scales. Although the number of patients who stayed in the trial for at least 4 weeks (8 with paroxetine, 6 with amitriptyline) is quite small, we see from the results of the clinical global impression that the members of the paroxetine group improved most of all in the somatic symptoms, while considering their moods we found no differences between the groups. Patients of both groups complained about side effects, most of all about dry mouth and tiredness. From the high rate of dropouts under amitriptyline we found that the side effects under this drug were more severe and therefore led to the dropouts. PMID- 3162111 TI - [Laparoscopic salpingolysis and ovariolysis in the treatment of female sterility]. PMID- 3162110 TI - [Treatment of hemorrhoidal crisis with mesoglycan sulfate]. PMID- 3162114 TI - Heterogeneous distribution of dopamine D2 receptors within the rat striatum as revealed by autoradiography of [3H]N-n-propylnorapomorphine binding sites. AB - The precise topographical distribution of dopamine D2 receptors in the rat striatum has been studied autoradiographically through the use of [3H]N-n propylnorapomorphine (NPA) as a ligand. The highest densities of [3H]NPA binding sites were found in the ventrolateral aspect and medial margin of the striatum, while sparse grain densities were present in the medial and latero-dorsal striatum. Moreover, a clear gradient of [3H]NPA binding was observed along the rostro-caudal axis of the striatum. These heterogeneities in the distribution of dopamine receptors provide further evidence for a functional compartmentalization of the striatum. PMID- 3162113 TI - The dopamine D2 agonist LY 141865, but not the D1 agonist SKF 38393, reverses parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in the common marmoset. AB - Marmosets treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) (1-4 mg/kg i.p. daily for up to 8 days) develop profound parkinsonian akinesia. Administration of the D1 agonist SKF 38393 (1-20 mg/kg i.p.) 4-6 weeks later had no effect on the motor activity of animals pretreated with MPTP. In contrast, the administration of the D2 agonist LY 141865 (0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg i.p.) caused a marked increase in motor activity lasting for up to 2 h. We conclude that stimulation of D2 dopamine receptors is essential for motor activation of parkinsonian marmosets and that D1 stimulation alone is not sufficient to overcome the akinesia induced by MPTP treatment. PMID- 3162115 TI - Disturbed proprioception following a period of muscle vibration in humans. AB - Forearm position matching tasks were performed by blindfolded subjects before and after applying vibration for 60 s to the biceps or triceps muscle of one arm. Following cessation of vibration, statistically significant alignment (proprioceptive) errors occurred when a movement lengthened the previously vibrated muscle. The error was such that the length of the post-vibrated muscle was greater than the length of the same muscle in the non-vibrated arm. This effect is the opposite to that which occurs during vibration. PMID- 3162116 TI - Zinc deficiency impairs ethanol metabolism. PMID- 3162112 TI - [Secondary effects of adjuvant therapy]. PMID- 3162117 TI - Adverse reactions to tocainide. PMID- 3162118 TI - Rehabilitating injured backs involves intervention, monitoring. PMID- 3162119 TI - [Sense or nonsense--in-patient cures for patients with liver diseases]. PMID- 3162120 TI - [Social medical assessment of liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 3162121 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of an efficiency audit of programs for early diagnosis of childhood diseases]. PMID- 3162122 TI - [Occupational medical problems of women in a social medical assessment--II]. PMID- 3162123 TI - [Environmental toxicology and public health service--literature references for practical use]. PMID- 3162124 TI - [Possibilities of cooperation between public health departments and self-help groups]. PMID- 3162125 TI - [Problems in the work capacity evaluation of teachers with speech disorders]. PMID- 3162126 TI - [Reorganization of the public health service in post-war Germany, as exemplified by North Rhine-Westphalia (British Occupation Zone) 1945-1949]. PMID- 3162127 TI - [Health care in Finland]. PMID- 3162129 TI - Handicapped children's orthodontic program. PMID- 3162128 TI - Enhanced nitrosourea cytotoxicity in cell culture by sodium butyrate. AB - In HeLa S3 cells, sodium butyrate was found to potentiate the cytotoxicity of chloroethylnitrosoureas and alkylating agents in vitro. Using a soft-agar colony forming assay, 2.5 and 5.0 mM sodium butyrate pretreatment for 22 h increased the cell killing efficacy of both methyl- and chloroethylnitrosoureas by between 30 and 70%. The potentiation of cytotoxicity of bifunctional nitrogen mustards by butyrate was less than that of nitrosoureas, with a 15-30% increased cell kill at 5 mM butyrate. Sodium butyrate per se reduced plating efficiency and caused growth delay if residual levels (calculated at 100 microM for starting concentrations of 5 mM) were not removed by washing prior to plating. PMID- 3162130 TI - The granulocytopenic patient: another consideration for antimicrobial prophylaxis. AB - Infection in the granulocytopenic patient is often life-threatening, and the frequency and severity of infection are increased regardless of the cause of leukocyte suppression. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin is known to be effective in preventing colonization and infection by the primary pathogens responsible for the morbidity and mortality associated with granulocytopenia. When treating granulocytopenic patients, clinicians should use proper barrier techniques to minimize nosocomial colonization. When foci of oral infection are present or bacteremia is predictable, appropriate antibiotics should be prescribed. PMID- 3162131 TI - T-lymphocyte subset changes in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. AB - Immunocytochemical techniques using monoclonal antibodies directed against T lymphocyte surface antigens (OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8) were used to investigate changes in the T-cell subpopulations throughout the natural time course of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). All lesions contained large numbers of OKT3 positive T cells. Preulcerative lesions were characterized by many OKT4-positive inducer/helper cells and few OKT8-positive suppressor/cytotoxic cells (T4:T8 approximately equal to 2:1). The ulcerative lesion contained large numbers of OKT8-positive suppressor/cytotoxic cells and only a very small number of OKT4 positive cells (T4:T8 approximately equal to 1:10). The healing lesion once again became dominated by OKT4-positive cells, with only a small number of OKT8 positive cells present (T4:T8 approximately equal to 10:1). The results support the role of lymphocytotoxicity in the establishment of the RAS lesion and may suggest a local immunoregulatory imbalance. NK cells, Leu-7 positive, were also identified in the preulcerative lesions and very early ulcerative lesions. PMID- 3162132 TI - [Chronic dissection of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 3162134 TI - Cross-validation of the Back Pain Classification Scale with chronic, intractable pain patients. AB - The current study investigated the utility of the Back Pain Classification Scale with chronic, intractable low back pain and headache patients. Subjects consisted of 50 chronic low back pain and 50 chronic headache patients referred to a university based Pain Center for evaluation. Data indicated that subjects were a representative sample of severely intractable chronic pain patients typically referred for Pain Center evaluation and treatment. Each was administered the Back Pain Classification Scale as part of a thorough physical and psychological/behavioral evaluation. All subjects were classified by blind review of medical records into one of two categories: (1) presence of psychopathologically based pain complaint with little or no pathophysiological findings and (2) presence of pathophysiologically based pain complaints with little or no psychopathological findings. Subjects were also independently classified from blind review of their scores on the Back Pain Classification Scale into one of these two categories. Findings revealed that the Back Pain Classification Scale accurately predicted the actual classification of 80% of the low back pain patients (i.e., 30% above baseline prediction rate) and only 60% of the chronic headache patients (i.e., only equal to the baseline prediction rate). Furthermore, the scale was found to be most accurate in predicting low back pain patients with primary psychopathologically based pain. It was concluded that the Back Pain Classification Scale was an empirically valid instrument to use with chronic low back pain patients, but not with chronic headache patients. This lack of utility with chronic headache patients was also viewed as support for the construct validity of the scale. Wider use of the scale with chronic low back pain patients was suggested. PMID- 3162133 TI - [Mycotic thrombosis as a rare complication of Shaw's central silastic catheter in long-term parenteral feeding in a premature infant]. AB - A 26 days old very-low-birthweight infant with an indwelling silastic-catheter and suddenly occurring symptoms of pulmonary hypoperfusion is reported. At post mortem examination a mycotic-thrombus originating from the right atrium was found obturating the tricuspid valve. Despite of the very low incidence of complications with central silastic-catheters one should consider thromboembolic occlusion within the heart or the great vessels in any case of an unexplained sudden deterioration with profound hypoxemia. PMID- 3162135 TI - Chronic pain and depression. I. Classification of depression in chronic low back pain patients. AB - An association between chronic pain and depression has been recognized for a long time. However, the exact nature of this relationship remains unclear. The authors studied 71 patients for affective disorders and schizophrenia-lifetime version (SADS-L). Based on the interviews, we were able to identify 31 patients with major depression, 8 patients with minor depression and 18 with intermittent depressive disorder as defined by Research Diagnostic Criteria. Item analysis using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale showed that the items did not discriminate in patients with major depression the presence of organic findings. However, most of the items significantly discriminated between the various types of depression and patients without depression. The occurrence of clearly defined depression points to several avenues of research aimed at clarifying the incidence etiology and treatment of depression in these patients. PMID- 3162136 TI - Chronic pain and depression. II. Symptoms of anxiety in chronic low back pain patients and their relationship to subtypes of depression. AB - The relationship between anxiety and chronic pain has been poorly studied. The authors studied the occurrence of symptoms of anxiety in chronic low back pain patients. Anxious mood and other symptoms of anxiety were commonly seen in patients with chronic low back pain. Symptoms of anxiety were more common in patients with depression, especially those with major depression. Anxious mood, tension and general somatic symptoms of the sensory type were more common than any other type of anxiety symptoms. The authors discuss the potential role of anxiety in chronic pain patients. PMID- 3162137 TI - Environmental stressors and chronic low back pain: life events, family and work environment. AB - Stressors in the family and job environments have been proposed to play a role in the modulation of pain, yet direct empirical support for such a role is limited. The present study investigated the relationship between general stress, family and work environments (perceived social climate), psychological distress (anxiety, depression), and pain experience (sensory, affective, evaluative) in 33 ambulatory chronic low back pain (CLBP) subjects and 35 healthy controls matched for age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), weight, and height. Results indicated that environmental stressors/social climate measures, including family conflict, family control, and general stress (Social Readjustment Rating Scale), were greater in the CLBP group. Distress measures were also higher in the CLBP group. Characteristics of the family and work environments were found to be more predictive of the affective and evaluative dimensions of pain. Increased family conflict was associated with increased distress and increased pain, while increased family independence was correlated with less distress and increased pain. Less peer cohesion, less physical comfort, and less job clarity were correlated with increased pain, but not distress. Work pressure was associated with decreased depression and less pain. These findings suggested the presence of both stress and operant mechanisms in the modulation of pain in the family, while operant and distraction mechanisms appear to characterize the relationship among work environment factors and pain. PMID- 3162138 TI - [Influence of technical factors in the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration by microdilution]. AB - Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of a new quinolone, norfloxacin, as determined by agar dilution are greater than those found using a liquid dilution micromethod. We report herein an analysis of the various parameters possibly involved in this discrepancy: Mueller-Hinton and BioMerieux, glass or plastic, small or large inoculum, and comparative volumes in which the inoculum (IN) and antibiotic (AB) are presented (1 ml IN + 1 ml AB or 1.5 microliter IN + 50 microliter AB or 50 microliter IN + 50 microliter AB). Volume of the inoculum suspension had a bearing on the results obtained with all three reference strains tested. Norfloxacin MICs for S. aureus 7625 and P. aeruginosa 76110 increased commensurately with the ratio of inoculum volume to antibiotic volume, and vice versa. In contrast, no significant variation was found for E. coli 7624. To evaluate the frequency of this effect, we tested 40 antibiotics on the reference strains, and several antibiotics on savage strains (16 Enterobacteriaceae, 40 Staphylococcus, 12 Pseudomonas and 17 P. aeruginosa). The significance of inoculum and antibiotic volumes was corroborated for some antibiotics. Results most consistent with the reference method were obtained with 50 microliter inoculum and 50 microliter antibiotic solution. PMID- 3162139 TI - [Comparative in vitro antistaphylococcal effect of norfloxacin and pefloxacin on 312 hospital strains]. AB - Antistaphylococcal activity of two new quinolones, norfloxacin and pefloxacin, was studied. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the agar dilution technique for 312 staphylococcal strains, all of which were resistant to nalidixic acid. 50% and 90% MICs were respectively 1 and 4 micrograms/ml for norfloxacin and 0.5 and 1 micrograms/ml for pefloxacin. Activities of these two new quinolones proved similar on Staphylococcus aureus and non-coagulase producing staphylococci, regardless of their response to methicillin. Cross resistance between the two drugs was demonstrated. PMID- 3162140 TI - [Effect ofloxacin on Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. Comparison with similar molecules]. AB - The in vitro activities of the new quinolone derivatives ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and pefloxacin against strains of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis were compared to that of nalidixic acid. Determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was done by agar dilution tests. The new drugs were more active than nalidixic acid. N. meningitidis and H. influenzae (regardless of beta-lactamase production) were highly susceptible. All H. influenzae strains were inhibited by less than or equal to 0.12 mg/l; mode MICs were 0.03 mg/l for norfloxacin and pefloxacin, and 0.50 mg/l for nalidixic acid. All N. meningitidis strains were inhibited by 0.06 mg/l and mode MICs of the new drugs were less than or equal to 0.03 mg/l. Mode MICs for S. pneumoniae were 4 mg/l for norfloxacin and pefloxacin (range 1-16 and 2-8 mg/l respectively) and 1 mg/l for ofloxacin (range 1-4 mg/l). Ofloxacin exhibited a bactericidal activity on H. influenzae (range MBC 0.06-0.50 mg/l; mode MBC: 0.06 mg/l). PMID- 3162143 TI - [Sensitivity of obligate anaerobes to ofloxacin, pefloxacin, enoxacin and norfloxacin]. AB - The in vitro activity of four new quinolones against 355 obligate anaerobes was investigated. MICs were determined using the reference method of Sutter et al. [14]. The four fluorinated quinolones tested differ from nalidixic acid which is inactive on most anaerobes except for some Clostridium perfringens strains. All strains tested were inhibited by 64 and 16 mg/l pefloxacin and ofloxacin respectively. Except for Bacteroides, all strains were inhibited by 64 mg/l norfloxacin or enoxacin. Clostridium strains other than C. perfringens exhibited heterogeneity; C. difficile and C. ramosum had the highest MICs. Bacteroides fragilis proved less susceptible to fluorinated quinolones than the other obligate anaerobes. Ofloxacin showed the greatest activity, with 4 mg/l inhibiting 100% of C. perfringens and 83% of all anaerobes investigated. PMID- 3162141 TI - [Comparison of the in vitro activity of 6 quinolones on Pseudomonas sp]. AB - Activity of six quinolones (nalidixic acid, pipemidic acid, oxolinic acid, pefloxacin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin) against one-hundred and ten Pseudomonas strains was studied in vitro. Five species of Pseudomonas were represented, i.e. aeruginosa, maltophilia, cepacia, stutzeri and paucimobilis. Isolates came from two Paris hospitals. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using gelose dilution according to WHO recommendations (Mueller Hinton medium, multiple inoculator, controlled inoculum). Modal CMIs classify activities of the six tested quinolones against P. aeruginosa in the following order: nalidixic acid: 64 mg/l; pipemidic acid: 16-32 mg/l; oxolinic acid: 16 mg/l; pefloxacin: 2 mg/l; ofloxacin: 2 mg/l; norfloxacin: 1 mg/l. The other Pseudomonas species exhibit a variety of resistance phenotypes which are described in detail. High CMIs are found for certain P. aeruginosa strains. Two of these, i.e. DL 55 and DL 59, are highly resistant to all the tested quinolones. Their pattern of resistance is comparable to that of a mutant, PAO 38-02, obtained in vitro in the presence of pefloxacin. This fact suggests that quinolones may induce in vivo selection of resistant P. aeruginosa mutants. PMID- 3162142 TI - [Comparative in vitro study of the activity of 5 quinolones against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus]. AB - The authors compared the in vitro activity of ofloxacin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and nalidixic acid against 143 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the agar dilution method. Minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were measured using microplates. Ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin were substantially active in vitro. MICs 50 were respectively 0.72, 0.69 and 1.05 micrograms/ml. Geometric means were 0.98, 1.03 and 1.64 micrograms/ml. Norfloxacin and nalidixic acid were slightly less active, with MICs 50 of 7.85 and 17.87 micrograms/ml and geometric means of 10.72 and 28.3 micrograms/ml respectively. Fifty percent of strains were killed by 1.5 micrograms/ml of pefloxacin; the greatest bactericidal in vitro activity was exhibited by ciprofloxacin whose MBC 50 was 0.60 micrograms/ml. Bactericidal activity of ofloxacin was comparable with a MBC 50 of 0.68 micrograms/ml. A significant difference was observed between the two varieties of Acinetobacter: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. Iwoffi was more susceptible to tested drugs than the anitratum variety. In short, new quinolone antimicrobial agents may be active in the treatment of nosocomial hospital infections due to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus which is one of the most resistant pathogens to currently available beta-lactams and aminoglycosides. PMID- 3162144 TI - [Immunoreactive disorders in alcoholic intoxication in animals with different preferences for ethanol]. PMID- 3162147 TI - Isotope bone scans in the assessment of children with hip pain or limp. AB - Bone scans from 43 children referred with hip pain of uncertain cause were reviewed. The bone scan was abnormal in 36 patients: normal in 7. In 12 the findings were diagnostic: osteomyelitis, osteoid osteoma, osteomyelitis with septic arthritis, Perthes' Disease and juvenile chronic arthritis. Twenty-four patients had abnormal scans including diffuse peri-articular increase and of these 18 had transient synovitis. Immobilisation and trauma accounted for the remainder. Isotope bone scans have been found to be a valuable investigation in children presenting with hip pain or limp, where the x-rays may appear normal or nondiagnostic. PMID- 3162145 TI - Recent advances in prenatal diagnosis and treatment. AB - This article is a summary of the prenatal and perinatal management of a variety of congenital lesions as practiced by the fetal treatment program at the University of California in San Francisco. Emphasis is placed on those lesions that are amenable to fetal intervention. PMID- 3162146 TI - Imaging modalities of craniosynostosis with surgical and pathological correlation. AB - Premature fusion of the sutures of the skull has been extensively analyzed and several diagnostic imaging modalities have been proposed. Radiographic, scintigraphic and computed tomographic features of craniosynostosis have been reported. This study was initiated (a) to determine the value and accuracy of plain skull radiography, skull scintigraphy and cranial CT; and (b) to determine the optimal imaging modality for the evaluation of a clinically suspected craniosynostosis. The study is based on 36 patients with clinical suspicion of craniosynostosis who underwent craniectomy and cranioplasty. One hundred and three sutures were pathologically and/or surgically evaluated. The overall accuracy rate for skull radiography was 89%, skull scintigraphy, 66%, and cranial CT, 94%. Routine skull series are adequate in the majority of cases of craniosynostosis. Skull scintigraphy is less accurate, more costly, and has a limited role in the evaluation of craniosynostosis. Cranial CT should be reserved for those cases in which the findings in the routine skull series are not clearly positive or negative, or in cases of more complex craniofacial anomalies. PMID- 3162148 TI - [Alloimmune thrombocytopenia in newborn infants caused by specific anti-platelet antibodies]. PMID- 3162149 TI - Effect of maternal education on prognosis of development in children with Down syndrome. AB - Longitudinal development data from 40 home-reared children with Down syndrome who had been enrolled in an infant stimulation program were analyzed by level of maternal education: high, medium, or low. High level of maternal education was significantly correlated with higher mental development scores (P less than .001) and significantly different from scores of those with medium and low maternal educational level (P less than .001). The differences between groups with medium and low maternal education showed the same trend but were not significant. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that these differences were consistently significant throughout the age range. Analysis of longitudinal data of a subgroup of 11 children with Down syndrome showed remarkable intrasubject consistency and intersubject variability. This suggests that the intellectual functioning of the population with Down syndrome is not a uniform one but is subject to the same genetic and environmental influences as the rest of the population. The creation of percentile charts is advocated for the evaluation of treatment programs. PMID- 3162150 TI - Effect of donor-specific transfusions on renal transplantation in children. AB - Most family members who are evaluated as kidney donors for children have high reactivity in a mixed lymphocyte culture test and are thus excluded from donation. Fifty children, most of whom had highly reactive mixed lymphocyte cultures with their donors, were challenged with three blood transfusions from their donors before transplantation and were tested for the development of lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Ten children (20%) became sensitized and had a positive T-cell or B-cell crossmatch. Sensitization occurred less frequently in children treated with azathioprine during donor-specific transfusions (11%) than in those not treated (26%), but the difference was not significant. Thirty-seven children received renal transplants from their blood donors after the donor specific transfusions. There were no deaths, and only two patients had kidney failure. Actuarial kidney survival was 93% after 6 years. The use of donor specific transfusion has increased the number of related-donor transplants performed and the results have been highly successful. PMID- 3162151 TI - Virilizing adrenocortical tumors in childhood: eight cases and a review of the literature. AB - Eight cases of adrenocortical tumor are presented with a review of the literature. Although such tumors are rare, they are important causes of inappropriate virilization and Cushing's syndrome in childhood. Clinical virilization with or without hypercortisolism was found in all eight children, who were 5 years old or younger. Excessive linear growth was noted, despite evidence of hypercortisolism. Serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, and cortisol were elevated in all cases tested and appear to be useful diagnostic alternatives to the more traditional determinations of urine 17-ketosteroids and 17 hydroxycorticosteroids. Abdominal sonography and computed tomography have proven to be reliable tools for tumor localization. Surgical resection was the definitive therapy in all patients, and perioperative steroid replacement was essential. Histologic diagnosis appeared to have little bearing on prognosis, and the majority of pediatric patients have had clinically benign disease. At a mean follow-up of 3 years, seven of the eight children were alive and had no evidence of tumor recurrence. PMID- 3162154 TI - [Basic research results in the problem of pediatric gastroenterology at the Gorki Pediatric Research Institute of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR]. PMID- 3162153 TI - [Epidemiology and the problems of preventing chronic diseases of the digestive organs in children]. PMID- 3162152 TI - [Results of the combined sanatorium treatment of children with chronic gastroduodenitis at Zheleznovodsk health resort]. PMID- 3162155 TI - Concentrations of androgens and C19-steroid sulphates in abdominal skin of healthy women and men. AB - Protein-binding assay and radioimmunoassay were used to determine the concentrations of free androgens and C19-steroid sulphates in suprapubic abdominal skin slices obtained from healthy women and men during appendectomy. It was found that the abdominal skin of the women contained DHA in the highest concentration, followed in decreasing order by And., delta 4-dione, delta 5-diol, Test. and DHT. The sequence was the same for the men, except that delta 4-dione preceded And. There was no significant difference in the concentrations of free androgens in abdominal skin of women and men; only the concentration of delta 4 dione was somewhat higher in the skin obtained from males (P less than 0.05). Of the C19-steroid sulphates, And.-S was found in the highest concentration in abdominal skin of females, followed in decreasing order by DHA-S, delta 5-diol-S and Test.-S. The corresponding decreasing sequence for the men was DHA-S, And.-S, delta 5-diol-S and Test.-S. The concentration of DHA-S was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in men than in women; in the case of delta 5-diol-S, only a slight degree of significance could be observed (P less than 0.05). PMID- 3162156 TI - Steroids excreted by human skin. II. C19-steroid sulphates in human axillary sweat. AB - Beside dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and androsterone sulphate, 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol-3-sulphate and testosterone sulphate were isolated and identified from the axillary sweat of sexually mature women and men. The quantities of these four C19-steroid sulphates were determined individually in the sweat of eight healthy, sexually mature women and men: dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate was found in the highest amount, it was followed by 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol-3-sulphate and androsterone sulphate. Testosterone sulphate occurred in the lowest quantity, its excretion amounting to about one-thousandth of that of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate. Study of the C19-steroid sulphates excreted by the apocrine sweat glands permitted an insight into the steroid metabolism in human skin, which presumably is, closely connected with the steroid hormones of peripheral blood. PMID- 3162157 TI - Naloxone does not influence a pyrogen fever in rabbits. AB - Rabbits were made febrile by an intravenous injection of homologous endogenous pyrogen (Interleukin 1). When naloxone (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) followed by 0.06 mg (kg X hr)-1 infusion) was given at the same time as the pyrogen, the resulting fever was indistinguishable from that following pyrogen alone. It appears unlikely that opioid receptors which are blocked by naloxone play an important part in the fever process. PMID- 3162158 TI - Mammalian DNA helicase. AB - A forked DNA was constructed to serve as a substrate for DNA helicases. It contains features closely resembling a natural replication fork. The DNA was prepared in large amounts and was used to assay displacement activity during isolation from calf thymus DNA polymerases alpha holoenzyme. One form of DNA polymerase alpha holoenzyme is possibly involved leading strand replication at the replication fork and possesses DNA dependent ATPase activity (Ottiger, H.-P. and Hubscher, U. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 3993-3997). The enzyme can be separated from DNA polymerase alpha by velocity sedimentation in conditions of very low ionic strength and then be purified by chromatography on Sephacryl S-200 and ATP-agarose. At all stages of purification, DNA dependent ATPase and displacement activity profiles were virtually superimposable. The DNA dependent ATPase can displace a hybridized DNA fragment with a short single-stranded tail at its 3'hydroxyl end only in the presence of ATP, and this displacement relies on ATP hydrolysis. Furthermore, homogeneous single-stranded binding proteins from calf thymus as well as from other tissues cannot perform this displacement reaction. By all this token the DNA dependent ATPase appears to be a DNA helicase. It is suggested that this DNA helicase might act in concert with DNA polymerase alpha at the leading strand, possibly pushing the replication fork ahead of the polymerase. PMID- 3162159 TI - A convenient technique to compare the efficiency of promoters in Escherichia coli. AB - We describe a technique which allows one to insert any promoter in front of the chromosomal malPQ operon. This can be done easily by using only one plasmid, one strain, and two simple selections. Properties of the final chromosomal fusion are such that the level of amylomaltase, the product of the malQ gene, measures quantitatively the efficiency of the inserted promoter. This method was utilized to compare the efficiency of four well-known promoters: lacZp, trp, tac, lambdaPR and three malT activated promoters: malPp, malkP and malEp. PMID- 3162160 TI - Fronto-cortical regulation of beta-endorphin actions in the rat. AB - Ablation of the frontal neocortex markedly enhanced the antinociceptive and cataleptic actions of beta-endorphin injected into the lateral ventricle of rat brain. This enhanced response was not affected by simultaneous administration of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8). In sham-operated rats, however, CCK-8 suppressed the effects of beta-endorphin in a dose-related manner. Moreover, ablation of a similar amount of occipital neocortex did neither affect beta endorphin actions nor the interactions of CCK-8. PMID- 3162161 TI - Patients with the chronic photosensitivity dermatitis with actinic reticuloid syndrome have high total serum IgE concentrations. PMID- 3162162 TI - [Backache as the problem of present-day civilization. Effectiveness of its prevention and treatment]. PMID- 3162163 TI - What is new in endogenous growth stimulators and inhibitors (chalones). PMID- 3162164 TI - [Various immunopathological phenomena and their role in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3162165 TI - In vitro fertilization. The Scripps Clinic experience. AB - The in vitro fertilization (IVF) program at Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California, was started in 1983. In vitro fertilization is now an accepted type of infertility treatment for many couples with a disorder of tubal origin, endometriosis, male-factor infertility, or idiopathic infertility. Successful outcome has depended on the woman's age, the cause of infertility, and the number of embryos transferred. The highest pregnancy rate has been achieved in women under age 35 with tubal-factor infertility and transfer of three or more embryos. During the first year, the program's overall pregnancy rate was 13% (5 pregnancies/38 embryo transfers) and the pregnancy rate for women under age 35 with tubal-factor infertility was 28%. The functioning of an IVF program depends on the availability of a clinical laboratory for daily hormone measurements, ultrasonography for monitoring follicle growth, an operating room that is available any time day or night, and a laboratory equipped for fertilization of retrieved ova and monitoring of embryo development. Clearly, a carefully integrated team of medical care providers is necessary for a program that draws on so many different clinical resources. PMID- 3162166 TI - Acne fulminans in a 14-year-old. PMID- 3162167 TI - Nitrendipine-induced stimulation of renin release by the isolated perfused rat kidney. AB - The direct effects of the organic calcium antagonist nitrendipine upon renin release were assessed using the isolated rat kidney perfused at constant pressure. This model circumvents the indirect actions of vasodilating agents by artificially maintaining perfusion pressure constant, thereby avoiding the hypotensive effects associated with the systemic administration of such agents. Renin release as assessed by radioimmunoassay was stimulated 2.6-fold upon the administration of 10(-6) M nitrendipine. Since this stimulation of renin release occurred in the absence of any alteration in perfusion pressure, we conclude that it represents a direct action of nitrendipine. This finding is in support of the current hypothesis concerning the inverse relationship between cytosolic Ca2+ and renin secretory rate, and suggests that Ca entry into the juxtaglomerular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus is sensitive to blockade by organic calcium antagonists such as nitrendipine. PMID- 3162168 TI - Chronic administration of dehydroepiandrosterone reduces pancreatic beta-cell hyperplasia and hyperinsulinemia in genetically obese Zucker rats. AB - The Zucker obese (fa/fa) rat is a model of hypertrophic/hyperplastic obesity. These rats develop marked hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and pancreatic beta-cell hyperplasia. In the present study, chronic (22 weeks) administration of the 17-ketosteroid, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), to obese Zucker rats significantly decreased body weight, and retroperitoneal and parametrial fat pad weights. In addition, beta-cell hyperplasia was reduced as well as pancreatic insulin content. DHEA treatment of lean Zucker rats also reduced body weight, fat depot weight, pancreatic islet diameter, and pancreatic insulin content. These data indicate that DHEA treatment appears to inhibit insulin synthesis and beta cell proliferation. Whether this is due to a direct effect on the pancreas or due to improvement of peripheral insulin sensitivity remains to be elucidated. PMID- 3162170 TI - Human skin fibroblasts express an IgG-Fc-receptor for the uptake and degradation of immunoglobulin complexes. PMID- 3162169 TI - Effect of eccentric exercise on muscle protein degradation. PMID- 3162171 TI - Hepatitis B: a scientific success story (almost). PMID- 3162172 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). PMID- 3162173 TI - Reflections on Wolf Szmuness. PMID- 3162174 TI - Biodegradable sustained release formulation of the LH-RH analogue 'Zoladex' for the treatment of hormone-responsive tumours. PMID- 3162175 TI - Results obtained in the treatment of prostate cancer patients with Zoladex. PMID- 3162176 TI - Long-term endocrine profiles of prostatic carcinoma patients under pernasal as well as intramuscular Gn-RH analogue treatment. AB - The treatment with supraphysiological doses of the gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue Buserelin results in the suppression of serum testosterone to castration range with a probability of 95% after 28 days. This decrease is paralleled by a decline of the intracellularly active androgen dihydrotestosterone, a decrease of the unbound fraction of testosterone and a drop of the production rate of testosterone to values as low as after bilateral orchiectomy. The adrenal steroids androstenedione, DHEA-S and cortisol and the non-steroidal hormones prolactin and thyroxin are not affected by Gn-RH analogue treatment. The beneficial effect of Buserelin in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma is due to medical castration only. Further improvement, regarding practicability and cost effectiveness can be expected by intramuscular depot preparations. PMID- 3162177 TI - Endocrine factors in the treatment of prostatic cancer. PMID- 3162178 TI - Dynamics of postural control in the child with Down syndrome. AB - We examined the development of neural control processes underlying stance balance in both developmentally normal children and children with Down syndrome to test the hypothesis that motor deficiencies in children with Down syndrome are associated with deficits within the automatic postural control system. We compared children with Down syndrome and developmentally normal children in two age groups (1-3 and 4-6 years) by using displacements of a platform and measuring electromyograms from leg muscles. The automatic muscle response pattern in both normal children and children with Down syndrome were directionally specific, although the pattern were more variable than in adults. Responses in children with Down syndrome showed no adaptive attenuation to changing task conditions. Onset latencies of responses in children with Down syndrome were significantly slower than in normal children. Presence of the monosynaptic reflex during platform perturbations at normal latencies suggests that balance problems in children with Down syndrome do not result from hypotonia, which researchers have defined as decreased segmental motoneuron pool excitability and pathology of stretch reflex mechanisms, but rather result from defects within higher level postural mechanisms. PMID- 3162179 TI - Comparison of electromyographic activity in the lumbar paraspinal muscles of subjects with and without chronic low back pain. AB - My purpose, in this study, was to test the reflex-spasm model of chronic pain by comparing the levels of muscle activity in the lumbar paraspinal muscles of subjects with and without chronic low back pain (CLBP). Each group, the CLBP group and the nonpain (NP) group, comprised 11 subjects who were matched by age and sex. I used surface electrodes to record integrated electromyographic (IEMG) activity from each side of the low back. All subjects performed three experimental tasks and a reference (normalizing) task. The three experimental tasks were quiet sitting, standing, and sitting during a repetitive unilateral upper extremity task (active sitting). The CLBP and NP groups showed no significant difference for any of the three experimental tasks. For both groups, the active sitting IEMG levels were significantly higher than the quiet sitting and standing IEMG levels. The quiet sitting and standing IEMG levels were not significantly different from each other. The findings of similar levels of IEMG activity in both the CLBP and NP groups while they performed these tasks suggested that the reflex-spasm cycle was not present and, therefore, was not a cause of pain in the subjects with CLBP. PMID- 3162180 TI - Application of 24-hour burst TENS in a back school. AB - The Back School program consists of exercises and education designed to reduce back pain. Sixty-six percent of the patients had too much back pain to participate. The purpose of this clinical report is to describe how 24-hour burst transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) treatment enabled these patients with severe back pain to participate in the Back School. Patients recovering from a laminectomy, chemonucleolysis, or scoliosis surgery were used to determine that 24-hour burst TENS was the most effective TENS protocol for reducing pain. Twenty-four-hour burst TENS was then prescribed for 129 patients with severe back pain to enable them to complete the Back School program. Eighty percent of these patients returned to their usual activities within 12 months. The Back School program has been shown to be an effective and safe treatment for back pain, and 24-hour burst TENS treatment allows patients with severe back pain to participate in it. PMID- 3162181 TI - Characteristics of accelerated disease in chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - Determination of the characteristics of accelerated disease in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) helps in individual prognostication, and in the introduction and analysis of investigative approaches based on risk-benefit ratios. The outcome of 357 patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML was analysed from the time of development of suspected features of accelerated disease. Median survivals shorter than 18 months were associated with the appearance of any of the following: cytogenetic clonal evolution; extramedullary disease; peripheral blasts greater than or equal to 15%, peripheral blasts and promyelocytes greater than or equal to 30%, or peripheral basophils greater than or equal to 20%; platelet count less than 1.0 X 10(5)/microliters; marrow blasts greater than or equal to 15%, marrow blasts and promyelocytes greater than or equal to 30%, or marrow basophils greater than or equal to 20%. Relative hazard ratios, or risk of death per unit time, were calculated based on the relative survivals of patients who did or did not develop the particular feature of accelerated disease, after accounting for the time to development of the characteristic. Further analysis identified five features that have additive independent prognostic importance: cytogenetic clonal evolution; peripheral blasts greater than or equal to 15%; peripheral basophils greater than or equal to 20%; peripheral blasts and promyelocytes greater than or equal to 30%; and thrombocytopenia. By providing an objective estimate of prognosis in accelerated disease, the model identifies patients in need of different therapeutic interventions before the development of blastic crisis. PMID- 3162182 TI - Of fragile sites and cancer chromosome breakpoints. PMID- 3162183 TI - Fragile sites update. PMID- 3162184 TI - Solid tumor breakpoint update. PMID- 3162185 TI - Hematologic malignancy breakpoint update. PMID- 3162186 TI - Fragile sites, cancer chromosome breakpoints, and oncogenes all cluster in light G bands. AB - Fragile sites tend to be bands where breaks occur in cancer chromosome rearrangements that can involve oncogenes. The locations of fragile sites, cancer breakpoints, and oncogenes were therefore charted. All were predominantly in light G bands. Specifically, 78 of 89 (88%) fragile sites were in light G bands including the large group of common fragile sites inducible with aphidicolin (p less than 0.001). Of 61 cancer breakpoints, 50 (82%) were in light bands including translocation breakpoints (p less than 0.001). Thirteen of 14 (93%) oncogenes localized to light bands. The sharing of chromosome bands can stem from a biologically meaningful relationship, as between cancer breakpoints and oncogenes. Joint occupancy of chromosome bands can also reflect independent reasons to be in the same sector of the genome. Thus, fragile sites may well be in light bands because they are associated with active genes. This clearly does not rule out a biologic relationship between specific fragile sites and specific cancer breakpoints. PMID- 3162187 TI - Do leukemia patients with chromosome 16 inversion--inv(16)(p13q22)--have a rare fragile site at 16q22? AB - Chromosomes were examined in the peripheral blood cells from three cases of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL) with inv(16)(p13q22) in order to induce the rare fragile site at 16q22 [fra(16)(q22)] with distamycin-A and berenil. No chromosomal gaps, breaks, or reaRrangements at 16q22 were noted in lymphocytes treated from these cases, indicating that AMMoL patients with inv(16)(p13q22) do not always have the rare fragile site FRA16B, FRA(16)(q22). A predisposition to neoplasia in carriers of this fragile site is questionable. PMID- 3162188 TI - Normal blood lymphocytes from patients with adipose tissue tumors with rearrangements at 12q13-q14 do not express the fragile site fra(12)(q13.1). AB - An association between chromosomal fragile sites and cancer-specific breakpoints has been found to be statistically significant. Cancer patients have been shown to be carriers of fragile sites in chromosome regions involved in rearrangements in malignant cells. Based on these observations it has been hypothesized that fragile sites may be involved in the pathogenesis of human tumors. We have recently described a new recurrent cancer breakpoint at chromosomal region 12q13 q14 in adipose tissue tumors. The possible involvement in these tumors of the rare folate-sensitive fragile site 12q13.1 has been investigated in PHA stimulated peripheral blood cells from three patients carrying the t(12;16)(q13;p11) in their liposarcoma cells and one patient with the t(3;12)(q28;q14) in his lipoma cells. No expression of the fragile site 12q13.1 could be detected in the blood lymphocytes of any of the patients. The involvement of the fragile site 12q13.1 in the pathogenesis of adipose tissue tumors with a 12q13-q14 breakpoint remains to be established. PMID- 3162189 TI - High-resolution chromosome banding and fragile site studies in von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. AB - von Hippel-Lindau syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder that predisposes to the development of benign and malignant tumors. The gene for von Hippel-Lindau syndrome has not yet been localized and the cytogenetics of this cancer-prone genetic disease have not been fully explored. Therefore, we did high-resolution chromosome banding of lymphocytes from patients from 14 kindreds with von Hippel Lindau syndrome. There were 18 patients (eight male, and ten female). None of the male patients showed a detectable chromosome abnormality. However, three of the ten female patients had 45,X/46,XX/47,XXX chromosome mosaicism with predominance of the normal cell line. Fragile sites at 10q25 and 16q22 were found but both segregated independently of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. The location of this disease gene, thus, is still unknown. The tendency to chromosome mosaicism manifest in this study suggests that there is a possible error in controlling somatic chromosome division and that error in mitosis may be causally related to the predisposition to tumor formation in von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. PMID- 3162190 TI - Fragile sites at 4q23 and 7q11.23 unique to bone marrow cells. AB - Fragile sites in chromosome bands 4q23 and 7q11.23 were discovered in bone marrow cells. Expression of these fragile sites was induced by treatment of the cells sequentially with 10(-7) M methotrexate and then 10(-5) M thymidine. No expression was observed in bone marrow cells without treatment. The fragile sites at 4q23 and 7q11.23 were seen individually, together, and in the homozygous state in a total of 20 bone marrow samples. The bone marrow karyotypes were normal in all cases. Expression of these common fragile sites at 4q23 and 7q11.23 could not be induced in blood lymphocytes from two subjects using methotrexate and thymidine, or by any other means including the addition of bromodeoxyuridine and fluoro-deoxyuridine or growth in folate-deficient medium. Because the fragile sites at 4q23 and 7q11.23 have never been observed in lymphocytes treated with methotrexate and thymidine for high-resolution chromosome analysis, it appears that these fragile sites are not expressed under these conditions in T lymphocytes. We propose that the differential expression of these fragile sites in bone marrow cells reflects genes active in bone marrow cells but not in blood lymphocytes. PMID- 3162191 TI - Fragile sites and cancer breakpoints--the pessimistic view. PMID- 3162192 TI - Chromosomal fragile sites and cancer-specific breakpoints--a moderating viewpoint. PMID- 3162193 TI - Fragile sites and neuroblastoma: fragile site at 1p13.1 and other points on lymphocyte chromosomes from patients and family members. AB - Fragile sites on lymphocyte chromosomes of 20 patients with neuroblastoma of different clinical stages and histologic differentiation were studied. A hitherto unknown break in the band p13.1 of chromosome #1 was found in a frequency of 3% 15% in nine cases. The same phenomenon was observed in three members of a neuroblastoma family. In another instance, this fragile site was also seen in the mother of a patient. Fragile sites were expressed when cells were cultured in folate-deprived medium and could be slightly enhanced in frequency by aphidicolin. Additional aphidicolin induced possible fragile sites hitherto unknown or not yet accepted by the HGM 8 were detected. PMID- 3162194 TI - No statistical association between common fragile sites and nonrandom chromosome breakpoints in cancer cells. AB - Fragile sites and nonrandom chromosome breakpoints in cancer cells are not distributed at random within the genome, but occur mainly in the light G-bands. If this nonrandom distribution is taken into account and a statistical analysis for the association of these two phenomena within the same chromosome band is carried out, based on the 400-band karyotype, no significant association is found between the common fragile sites and cancer breakpoints although there remains an association between the rare fragile sites and cancer breakpoints. These results, along with other chromosome mapping evidence that rare fragile sites are not at the breakpoint in some cancer chromosome rearrangements, cast serious doubt on any role for fragile sites in oncogenesis. PMID- 3162196 TI - Correlative study on expression of CA 19-9 and DU-PAN-2 in tumor tissue and in serum of pancreatic cancer patients. AB - The serum levels of CA 19-9 and DU-PAN-2 antigens and their expression in tumor tissue were examined in 22 pancreatic cancer patients and the results were correlated with the Lewis (Le) blood group phenotypes of the individuals. In tumor tissue, CA 19-9 was expressed in 17 of 22 (77%) specimens. The negative cases included three patients with Lea-b-, one with Lea+b- and the other with Lea b+ phenotypes. DU-PAN-2 antigen was expressed in 20 of 22 (91%) cancer tissues. The two DU-PAN-2-negative cases were CA 19-9-positive. The combination of two markers increased the sensitivity to 100%. In the serum, CA 19-9 level was elevated (greater than 37 U/ml) in 16 of 21 (73%) cases. All Lea-b- patients had values less than 37 U/ml. An elevated level of DU-PAN-2 (greater than 300 U/ml) was detected in 14 of 21 (67%) patients including three cases with Lea-b- type. In only one patient were both antigens below the cutoff levels so that the combination of two biomarkers elevated the sensitivity to 95%. The study indicated that the cocktail of 19-9 and DU-PAN-2 antibodies might increase the sensitivity and specificity for clinical diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. In 19 of 21 (90%) cases, the serum CA 19-9 level correlated with the expression of the antigen in the cancer tissue. Discrepancy was seen in two cases; one patient had an elevated level of CA 19-9 in the serum, but lacked this antigen in the cancer cells. In the second case, the situation was reversed. For DU-PAN-2, positive correlation was seen in 14 of 21 (67%) cases. Six of seven patients with low DU PAN-2 levels expressed the antigen in their tumor cells, and one patient with DU PAN-2-negative cancer tissue had an elevated level of this marker in the serum. Thus, CA 19-9 expression in serum corresponded more closely to expression in tissue than did that of DU-PAN-2 antigen. The serum levels of these antigens, however, is likely due to multiple factors, only one of which is the qualitative and quantitative expression of the antigens in tumors. PMID- 3162195 TI - Heritable rare fragile sites in patients with leukemia and other hematologic disorders. AB - Fragile site studies were performed on a total of 126 patients with leukemia and other hematologic disorders including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and polycythemia vera (PV). Compared with an incidence (6.0%) of heritable rare fragile sites in the healthy population, the frequency was not higher in the patient group (3.2%), as a whole. However, two cases of fra(17)(p12) in MDS appeared fourfold larger than expected for this group of patients. In one case, a homozygous carrier of fra(17)(p12) in PV was also very rarely expected from its population incidence. These findings suggested a possible role of rare fragile sites, at least in the etiology of these preleukemic or myeloproliferative disorders. PMID- 3162198 TI - Effects of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine in membrane phospholipid on binding of phorbol ester in rat mammary carcinoma cells. AB - Mammalian cells in culture can be classified as either ethanolamine (Etn) responsive or Etn-nonresponsive with regard to their growth. Epithelial cells and some of their transformed derivatives are the Etn-responsive type. When these cells are grown without Etn, the content of membrane phospholipid becomes significantly altered. Namely, the content of phosphatidylethanolamine is reduced and that of phosphatidylcholine is increased. In addition, the growth rate of these cells is reduced. Therefore, it is likely that the phosphatidylethanolamine deficiency or phosphatidylcholine excess is unsuitable for some membrane associated functions resulting in the cessation of growth. In order to test the above hypothesis, we examined the binding of a tumor-promoting phorbol ester, [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB), to an Etn-responsive rat mammary carcinoma cell line 64-24 grown with (Etn-plus) or without Etn (Etn-minus). The time course of binding was very similar between Etn-plus and -minus cells, except that the level of saturation was higher in Etn-plus cells, whereas the time course of chase of the bound PDB was significantly different between the two types of cells. Both types of cells have one class of binding sites for PDB. The dissociation constant (Kd) for [3H]PDB in Etn-plus cells was 34.0 nM and the number of binding sites at saturation was 2.7 x 10(12)/mg protein or 3.6 x 10(5)/cell. The corresponding values in Etn-minus cells were 61.4 nM and 3.2 x 10(12)/mg protein or 5.4 x 10(5)/cell, respectively. Although the difference in Kd values of the two types of cells was only 2-fold, this difference was statistically significant. On the other hand, the number of binding sites/mg protein in these cells was very similar. Since the amount of protein/cell was 1.4 fold higher in Etn-minus cells as compared to that of Etn-plus cells, the number of binding sites/cell was larger in Etn-minus cells. PDB affected the rate of proliferation of 64-24 cells differently, depending on whether they were grown in the presence or absence of Etn. These results suggest that the phosphatidylethanolamine and/or phosphatidylcholine content of the membrane phospholipid affects cellular functions mediated by phorbol esters. PMID- 3162197 TI - Potentiation of nitrosourea cytotoxicity in human leukemic cells by inactivation of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase. AB - The HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line is resistant to nitrosoureas and contains high levels of the DNA repair protein O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (alkyltransferase). We examined the protective role of the alkyltransferase in the nitrosourea resistance observed in this myeloid leukemia cell line to determine whether inactivation of the alkyltransferase with the modified base, O6-methylguanine (O6mGua), could sensitize these cells to nitrosoureas. The HL-60 cells were sensitized approximately 3.0-fold to five different nitrosoureas when the alkyltransferase was inactivated by 88% following a 24-h preincubation in 0.5 mM O6mGua. No effect of O6mGua preincubation was observed in the K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line which is sensitive to nitrosoureas and has low levels of alkyltransferase activity. When regeneration of HL-60 alkyltransferase activity after exposure to nitrosoureas was prevented by maintaining cells in O6mGua, HL-60 became even more sensitive (3.7- to 8.5 fold) to nitrosoureas but remained slightly more resistant than K562. Next, we compared the dose of methyl- and chloroethylnitrosoureas which were cytotoxic in HL-60 with the dose which caused repair-induced inactivation of the alkyltransferase. Both methyl- and chloroethyl-nitrosoureas caused the dose dependent inactivation of the alkyltransferase and with both, cytotoxicity was increased with O6mGua exposure. However, chloroethylnitrosoureas, which form a variety of O6 alkylation adducts, some of which are poorly repaired, exhibited 7 12 times more cytotoxicity relative to repair-induced inactivation of the alkyltransferase whereas methylnitrosoureas became cytotoxic only when the alkyltransferase had been inactivated. These data suggest that leukemic cells are sensitized to both methyl- and chloroethylnitrosoureas when O6mGua is used to persistently inactivate the alkyltransferase. However, the alkyltransferase provides more efficient protection from methylnitrosoureas than chloroethylnitrosoureas most likely because the latter form adducts which are poorly repaired by the protein and which if unrepaired may become cytotoxic cross links. PMID- 3162199 TI - Depigmentation of human gingivae: clinical observations after surgical and cryosurgical procedures. PMID- 3162200 TI - Gaucher's disease. PMID- 3162201 TI - Scientific principles of drug use in dental practice, Part I: Clinical pharmacokinetics. PMID- 3162202 TI - The use of the rubber dam and implanted medication to enhance healing in periodontal and endodontic surgery. PMID- 3162203 TI - Scientific principles of drug use, Part II: Clinical pharmacodynamics. PMID- 3162204 TI - Professionalism, ethics, and corporate dental care. PMID- 3162205 TI - Tricyclic antidepressant drugs: pharmacologic implications in the treatment of chronic orofacial pain. PMID- 3162206 TI - Microleakage of preventive glass-ionomer restorations. PMID- 3162207 TI - Altered growth regulation and enhanced tumorigenicity of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts transfected with protein kinase C-I cDNA. AB - Transfection of NIH 3T3 cells with plasmids containing rat brain protein kinase C I (PKC-I) cDNA controlled by strong viral promoter/enhancer elements led to PKC-I gene expression as assessed by Northern analysis, cellular binding of phorbol ester, immunoblotting of cellular PKC, and membrane-associated PKC activity. While transfection did not induce foci, altered growth regulation was observed in established transfectant lines: transfectants displayed reduced dependence on serum for growth, grew to higher saturation densities, and displayed enhanced tumorigenicity when inoculated into nude mice. Continued high-level expression of PKC-I, however, may not be obligatory for the malignant phenotype in vivo. Tumors that retained transfected sequences had lower PKC-I transcript levels than the parental in vitro lines, suggesting an in vivo modulation. Our data show that PKC I dysregulation leads to altered cell growth regulation and may be functionally equivalent to the action of tumor promoters. PMID- 3162208 TI - Mutagenicity and in vitro covalent DNA binding of 2-hydroxyamino-3 methylimidazolo[4,5-f]quinoline. AB - The 2-hydroxyamino-3-methylimidazolo[4,5-f]quinoline (N-hydroxy-IQ), a metabolite of the food mutagen--carcinogen IQ, was mutagenic to Salmonella TA98 (nitroreductase deficient). When either rat hepatic cytosol, NADPH (1 mM) or ascorbate (0.5 mM) was added to the mutagenicity assay, mutagenicity increased up to 15-, 10- and 50-fold respectively. In light of the effects of ascorbate and NADPH, it appears likely that hepatic cytosol may contain factors that protect N hydroxy-IQ from oxidative decomposition. In contrast, hepatic monooxygenase metabolism of N-hydroxy-IQ decreased mutagenicity. When pentachlorophenol, an inhibitor of O-acetyltransferase and sulfotransferase, was added to the mutagenicity assay, a dose-dependent inhibition of N-hydroxy-IQ mutagenicity was observed. 2,6-Dichloro-4-nitrophenol, a more specific inhibitor of sulfotransferase than O- acetyltransferase, did not inhibit the mutagenicity of N hydroxy-IQ at concentrations which appear to selectively inhibit only bacterial sulfotransferase. The data suggest that bacterial O-acetyltransferase rather than sulfotransferase mutagenically activates N-hydroxy-IQ. N-hydroxy-IQ covalently bound to calf thymus DNA in vitro under non-enzymatic conditions at pH 7.4. Rat hepatic cytosolic O-acetyltransferase and sulfotransferase enhanced the covalent binding of N-hydroxy-IQ to DNA 30- and 5-fold respectively. The data suggest that the mutagenicity of N-hydroxy-IQ is due to the reactivity of N-hydroxy-IQ with DNA and the ability of N-hydroxy-IQ to be further activated by bacterial O acetyltransferase. PMID- 3162209 TI - Use of NeoR B16F1 murine melanoma cells to assess clonality of experimental metastases in the immune-deficient chick embryo. AB - Recent work on molecular and genetic aspects of metastasis has emphasized the need for assays in immune-deficient animal hosts. The commonly used assays in athymic nude mice may not always be appropriate, and assays in other hosts are required. We have developed a metastasis assay in the naturally immune-deficient chicken embryo. As part of our characterization of this assay we have examined the clonality of individual experimental (i.v.-derived) metastases in this host. For these studies we developed a cell line, B16-Neo, from parental B16F1 murine melanoma cells. B16-Neo cells carry a stable drug-resistance marker, the bacterial neo gene, which confers resistance to the drug G418, but are unaltered in experimental metastatic properties in the chick embryo relative to parental B16F1 cells. We observe that the majority of individual liver tumors that arise following i.v. injection of mixtures of these cells contain cells of a single marker phenotype and are likely to be clonal in origin. These results are similar to those obtained by others for metastases in immune-competent mice, suggesting similar mechanisms of metastasis formation in these two systems. In both hosts it should be noted, however, that a small but significant proportion of metastases appear not to be clonal in origin. PMID- 3162210 TI - Physician compliance and relapse rates of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. AB - We studied the prescription patterns of maintenance therapy for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and their association with duration of complete remission. Both 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate (MTX) were prescribed in doses significantly lower than those recommended (75 mg/m2 daily 6-mercaptopurine; 20 mg/m2 weekly MTX) during maintenance therapy. Of 212 evaluated patients, patients who had relapses (n = 101) received significantly less MTX compared with patients who did not have relapses (n = 111) during the first 2 years of maintenance therapy. In the group of standard-risk patients who received the same induction therapy (n = 92), 11 of 17 who received less than 50% of the recommended MTX dose (64%) and 28 of 75 who received greater than 50% of the dose (37%) had relapses (P less than 0.05). The two groups had comparable periods of interruption of MTX therapy. Further analysis revealed that the lower maintenance dose stemmed from a continuous low prescribed dose and not from more frequent interruption of therapy in relapse. Physicians' inability or failure to adhere to the recommended protocol was associated with a higher relapse rate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Improved physicians' compliance may improve the prognosis of the disease. PMID- 3162211 TI - Purification and characterization of aqualysin I (a thermophilic alkaline serine protease) produced by Thermus aquaticus YT-1. AB - Aqualysin I is an alkaline serine protease which is secreted into the culture medium by Thermus aquaticus YT-1. Aqualysin I was purified, and its apparent relative molecular mass was determined to be 28 500. The enzyme contained four Cys residues (probably as two cystines), and its amino acids composition was similar to those of cysteine-containing serine proteases (proteinase K, etc.) as well as those of subtilisins. The NH2-terminal sequence of aqualysin I showed homology with those of the microbial serine proteases. The optimum pH for the proteolytic activity of aqualysin I was around 10.0. Ca2+ stabilized the enzyme to heat treatment, and the maximum proteolytic activity was observed at 80 degrees C. Aqualysin I was stable to denaturing reagents (7 M urea, 6 M guanidine.HCl and 1% SDS) at 23 degrees C for 24 h. The enzyme hydrolyzed the ester bond of an alanine ester and succinyl-Ala-Ala-Ala p-nitroanilide, a synthetic substrate for mammalian elastase. The cleavage sites for aqualysin I in oxidized insulin B chain were not specific when it was digested completely. PMID- 3162212 TI - Identification of cytoplasmic nodule-associated forms of malate dehydrogenase involved in the symbiosis between Rhizobium leguminosarum and Pisum sativum. AB - The malate dehydrogenase activity (EC 1.1.1.37), present in the cytoplasm of Pisum sativum root nodules, can be separated by ion-exchange chromatography into four different fractions. Malate dehydrogenase activity present in the cytoplasm of roots elutes mainly as a single peak. During nodule development an increase in malate dehydrogenase activity per gram of material was observed. This increase occurred concomitantly with the increase in nitrogenase activity. The kinetic properties of the separated malate dehydrogenases of root nodule cytoplasm and root cytoplasm were studied. The Km values for malate (2.6 mM), NAD+ (27 microM), oxaloacetate (18 microM) and NADH (13 microM) of the dominant form of the root nodule cytoplasm are much lower than those of the dominant malate dehydrogenase root form (64 mM, 4.4 mM, 89 microM and 70 microM respectively). Binding of malate by the enzyme-NADH complex from root nodules results in an abortive complex, thereby blocking the further reduction of oxaloacetate by NADH. The dominant root malate dehydrogenase does not form the abortive complex. From the kinetic data it is concluded, first, that the root nodule forms of the enzyme are capable of catalysing at a high rate the reduction of oxaloacetate, to meet the demands for malate governed by the bacteroid and the infected plant cell. The second conclusion, drawn from the kinetic data, is that under physiological conditions the conversion of oxaloacetate can be controlled just by the malate concentration. Consequently the major root nodule forms of malate dehydrogenase are able to allow a high flux of malate production from oxaloacetate but also to establish a sufficient oxaloacetate concentration necessary for the assimilation and transport of fixed nitrogen. PMID- 3162213 TI - Comparison of the effects of transforming growth factor beta, N,N dimethylformamide, and retinoic acid on transformed and nontransformed fibroblasts. AB - In order to compare the effects of transforming growth factor (TGF beta) with those of the differentiation promoters N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and retinoic acid (RA), the antiproliferative and fibronectin-inducing activities of the three agents were examined. AKR-2B mouse embryo fibroblasts and their chemically transformed counterpart AKR-MCA cells were used as the model system. Growth in monolayer culture of both cell lines was inhibited by TGF beta (EC50 approximately 1 ng/ml), DMF (EC50 approximately 0.5%), and RA (EC50 approximately 1 microM) in a concentration-dependent manner. Time-dependent elevation in fibronectin expression was also observed with all three agents. The EC50 for growth inhibition of both cell lines by TGF beta agreed well with that obtained for stimulation of fibronectin synthesis. A 3-h exposure to TGF beta is sufficient to obtain the maximal fibronectin level observed at 48 h in AKR-2 B cells but not in AKR-MCA cells. Our results indicate that in this system the effects of TGF beta are similar to those of the chemical differentiation inducers DMF and RA. Furthermore, our data also suggest that the TGF beta signal may be processed differently by nontransformed and transformed fibroblasts. PMID- 3162214 TI - Evidence of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in several murine embryonal carcinoma cell lines. AB - This report describes, for the first time to our knowledge, a possible steroidogenic activity in established murine embryonal carcinoma cell lines (PCC3, PCC4, F9), revealed by a 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity (revelation of NADH2 by staining, and RIA assessment of delta 4-androstenedione). The remarkable analogy between such totipotent cells and embryonal cells may suggest that this activity could be present before histologic organization of the embryonal testis. Nonmalignant embryonal cells such as fibroblasts (3/A/1/D-3) or myoblasts (T984) were also found to possess a 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, thus suggesting that this enzyme is not specific to hormone-secreting cells, but the sign of a more general phenomenon. PMID- 3162215 TI - The amino acid sequence of a cereal Bowman-Birk type trypsin inhibitor from seeds of Jobs' tears (Coix lachryma-jobi L.). AB - The major trypsin inhibitor from seeds of Jobs' tears (Coix lachryma-jobi) was purified by heat treatment, fractional precipitation with (NH4)2SO4, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose, gel-filtration on Sephadex G-75 and preparative reverse-phase HPLC. The complete amino acid sequence was determined by analysis of peptides derived from the reduced and S-carboxymethylated protein by digestion with trypsin, chymotrypsin and the S. aureus V8 protease. The polypeptide contained 64 amino acids with a high content of cysteine. The sequence exhibited strong homology with a number of Bowman-Birk inhibitors from legume seeds and similar proteins recently isolated from wheat and rice. PMID- 3162216 TI - Inactivation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases by neutrophil elastase and other serine proteinases. AB - Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) from cultured bovine dental pulp inhibits human rheumatoid synovial matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) with a stoichiometry of 1:1 on a molar basis. Among the serine proteinases examined, human neutrophil elastase, trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin destroyed the inhibitory activity of TIMP against MMP-3 by degrading the inhibitor molecule into small fragments. In contrast, the inhibitory activity of TIMP was not significantly reduced by the actions of cathepsin G, pancreatic elastase and plasmin. These data indicate that neutrophils which infiltrate tissues in various inflammatory conditions may play an important role in regulating TIMP activity in vivo through the action of neutrophil elastase. PMID- 3162218 TI - 2-Mercaptoethylamine, a competitive inhibitor of spermidine synthase in mammalian cells. AB - Spermidine synthase from rat ventral prostate was inhibited by 2 mercaptoethylamine (MEA). Inhibition of spermidine synthase by MEA was competitive with respect to one of the substrates putrescine, but not competitive with respect to the other substrate decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine. MEA markedly depressed spermidine and spermine contents in human erythroid leukemia K562 cells, suggesting that these changes resulted from the inhibitory effect of MEA on spermidine synthase in situ. PMID- 3162217 TI - Molecular cloning and amino acid sequence of human enkephalinase (neutral endopeptidase). AB - We have isolated a cDNA clone encoding human enkephalinase (neutral endopeptidase, EC 3.4.24.11) in a lambda gt10 library from human placenta, and present the complete 742 amino acid sequence of human enkephalinase. The human enzyme displays a high homology with rat and rabbit enkephalinase. Like the rat and rabbit enzyme, human enkephalinase contains a single N-terminal transmembrane region and is likely to be inserted through cell membranes with the majority of protein, including its carboxy-terminus, located extracellularly. PMID- 3162219 TI - Evidence that adaptive cytoprotection in rats is not mediated by prostaglandins. AB - We investigated the proposition that adaptive cytoprotection (enhanced gastric mucosal integrity) caused by exposure to 20% ethanol in rats is mediated by endogenous prostaglandin synthesis. Experiments were performed both without and with indomethacin sufficient to inhibit ex vivo release of prostaglandin E2 by 56% +/- 9% (2.5 mg/kg) or 86% +/- 4% (10 mg/kg). Twenty percent ethanol significantly reduced both macroscopic and histologic signs of injury caused by subsequent exposure to 100% ethanol whether or not the rats were pretreated with indomethacin. Twenty percent ethanol itself caused extensive superficial disruption of the surface epithelium, so that about half of the mucosa was covered by desquamated debris, but did not stimulate prostaglandin release. We conclude that adaptive cytoprotection still occurs after doses of indomethacin sufficient to cause a profound depression of prostaglandin E2 release. The possibility that it could be due to formation of a protective covering of surface debris is worth further investigation. PMID- 3162221 TI - Effects of low extracellular Ca2+ on prostaglandins F2 alpha and E2 action in longitudinal muscle of guinea-pig caecum. AB - 1. Effects of low extracellular Ca2+ on the action of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in longitudinal muscle of guinea-pig caecum were evaluated by the changes in the membrane potential, action potential frequency and contractions. 2. At 2.5 mmol extracellular Ca2+ the EC50 values for the stimulant effects of PGF2 alpha and PGE2 on the membrane potential, the frequency of action potential discharge and contractions were higher for PGF2 alpha than the PGE2. 3. The lowering of extracellular Ca2+ from 2.5 mmol to 0.4 mmol did not affect essentially the PGF2 alpha and PGE2 effects. 4. In Ca2+-free solution containing EGTA the stimulant effects of PGF2 alpha and PGE2 significantly decreased but the action potentials and contractions were not completely abolished. D-600 pretreatment inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the PGF2 alpha- and PGE2-evoked action potential discharges and contractions. 5. It is concluded that the mechanisms limiting Ca2+ influx at 2.5 mmol extracellular Ca2+ are more sensitive to PGE2 than to PGF2 alpha. 6. At low extracellular Ca2+ and in Ca2+-free solution containing EGTA the effects of PGF2 alpha and PGE2 on the action potential generation and the corresponding contractions might be determined by Ca2+-independent processes. PMID- 3162220 TI - Dietary linoleic acid, gastric acid, and prostaglandin secretion. AB - Basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion, fasting serum gastrin concentrations, and the gastric output of prostaglandin E and its major metabolite 13,14-dihydro 15-keto prostaglandin E2 were measured in 9 normal subjects before and after 14-20 days of dietary supplementation with linoleic acid. Mean maximal gastric acid output fell from 36.0 +/- 3.3 (SEM) to 30.1 +/- 2.9 mmol/h (p less than 0.05), although mean basal acid output was not significantly affected (8.3 +/- 2.1 and 7.2 +/- 1.7 mmol/h, respectively). Mean fasting serum gastrin concentrations increased from 19.2 +/- 3.1 to 30.9 +/- 3.8 ng/L (p less than 0.01) after linoleic acid, probably because of acid suppression. The mean output of prostaglandin E increased from 498 +/- 110 to 1254 +/- 465 ng/h (p less than 0.05); that of its metabolite increased from 165 +/- 18 to 1168 +/- 645 ng/h (p less than 0.01). These findings show that in normal subjects essential fatty acid weakly inhibits gastric acid secretion, but considerably increases gastric prostaglandin output. PMID- 3162222 TI - Histocompatibility antigens in patients with alcoholic liver disease in Scotland and northeastern England: failure to show an association. AB - A study of HLA-A and B antigens in 248 patients with biopsy diagnosed alcoholic liver disease was conducted to examine for a genetic predisposition to alcohol related liver injury. No statistically significant differences were established for 8 HLA-A and 16 HLA-B antigens between normal healthy controls (n = 342) and patients with alcoholic fatty liver (n = 86), alcoholic hepatitis (n = 63), active alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 64) and inactive alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 35). It is concluded that no HLA-A or B locus genetic susceptibility to alcoholic related injury could be shown. PMID- 3162223 TI - Elevated CA 125 serum levels and epithelial ovarian cancer metastatic to retroperitoneal lymph nodes. AB - Elevations in CA 125 levels have been reported in approximately 80% of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Studies demonstrate that elevations of CA 125 at the time of second-look procedures correlate with the presence of tumor in 100% of cases. Two cases are reported with elevated CA 125 in which clinical examination and noninvasive studies with CAT scans failed to demonstrate tumor. In both cases laparotomy was performed because of the elevation of CA 125. Although intraabdominal exploration did not reveal the source of the CA 125 elevation, extensive retroperitoneal dissection demonstrated microscopic tumor in retrocaval lymph nodes in both cases. The ability to monitor patients with CA 125 is demonstrated and the importance of elevated antigen levels emphasized. Benign conditions associated with falsely positive CA 125 are discussed. PMID- 3162224 TI - Multilocus analysis of the fragile X syndrome. AB - A multilocus analysis of the fragile X (fra(X] syndrome was conducted with 147 families. Two proximal loci, DXS51 and F9, and two distal loci, DXS52 and DXS15, were studied. Overall, the best multipoint distances were found to be DXS51-F9, 6.9%, F9-fra(X), 22.4%; fra(X)-DXS52, 12.7%; DXS52-DXS15, 2.2%. These distances can be used for multipoint mapping of new probes, carrier testing and counseling of fra(X) families. Consistent with several previous studies, the families as a whole showed genetic heterogeneity for linkage between F9 and fra(X). PMID- 3162225 TI - Transposition of c-abl oncogene in a case of masked Ph chromosome duplicated in blastic phase. AB - A female with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) in blastic phase (BP) showed a masked Ph chromosome that had originated by a translocation between chromosomes 8 and 22, with no obvious involvement of chromosome 9. A duplication of the masked Ph and trisomy 13 were present as additional anomalies. The karyotype on peripheral blood unstimulated cultures was 48,XX,t(8;22)(p12;q11),+13,+der(22) t(8;22)/47,XX,t(8;22)(p12;q11),+der(22)t(8;22). While the duplication of the Ph is a frequent finding in BP of CML, we did not find any other case in the literature with duplication of a masked Ph. In situ hybridization with c-abl and bcr probes showed that a 3' bcr sequence was translocated to the der(8) chromosome, while the c-abl oncogene was transposed to the masked Ph. PMID- 3162227 TI - Association of a new chromosomal deletion [del(1)(q32q42)] with diaphragmatic hernia: assignment of a human ferritin gene. AB - A newborn male with a large diaphragmatic hernia presented in severe respiratory distress. Additional features included a paucity of subcutaneous tissue, mild facial dysmorphism, webbing of the neck, genital hypoplasia, and flexion contractures of the fingers. His karyotype showed a previously unreported de novo interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 1 [46,XY,del(1)(pter--- q32.3::q42.3----qter)]. Regional mapping of five human genes that have been provisionally assigned to chromosome 1 was performed by restriction analysis of genomic DNA from this patient. Glucocerebrosidase, H4 histone, renin, and alpha spectrin genes mapped outside the deleted region, whereas an H subunit of the ferritin gene mapped to 1q32----q42. These results indicate the utility of chromosomal deletions in gene mapping, and the importance of karyotype analysis in newborns with diaphragmatic hernias. PMID- 3162228 TI - Linkage of a polymorphic marker for the type III collagen gene (COL3A1) to atypical autosomal dominant Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV in a large Belgian pedigree. AB - We have examined a large family in which eleven members have a form of autosomal dominant Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV. Analysis of fibroblast cultures from affected individuals showed a partial deficiency of type III collagen production. The protein produced was, however, normal in all aspects examined. Using a restriction site polymorphism associated with the structural gene for human type III collagen (COL3A1), we have found tight linkage between the low frequency polymorphic allele and the clinical expression of the disease (lod = 3.86 at 0 = 0), identifying the type III collagen gene as the disease locus. PMID- 3162229 TI - Recombination frequencies between Duchenne muscular dystrophy and intragenic markers in multigeneration families. PMID- 3162230 TI - Detection of HIV p17 antigen in lymphocytes but not epithelial cells from cervicovaginal secretions of women seropositive for HIV: implications for heterosexual transmission of the virus. AB - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been isolated from cervicovaginal secretions from infected women and is thought to be cell associated. To identify which cells harbour viral antigen, we used monoclonal antibodies to OKT4 and a monoclonal antibody directed against HIV p17 core antigen to perform indirect immunofluorescence assays of genital secretions from 17 HIV seropositive and 17 HIV seronegative women with leucorrhoea. OKT4 positive lymphocytes were detected in all tested samples. HIV p17 antigen was detected in the genital fluid lymphocytes in nine out of 14 seropositive subjects from whom lymphocytes were available. No viral antigen was detected in genital fluid lymphocytes of seronegative subjects, nor in any cervicovaginal epithelial cells. This study shows that lymphocytes are the major source of HIV in cervicovaginal secretions of infected women. Conditions that increase the lymphocyte population in the female genital tract, such as sexually transmitted disease (STD), chronic inflammation of the cervix, and menstruation, may facilitate the transmission of HIV during sexual intercourse. PMID- 3162231 TI - Mep-1, the gene regulating meprin activity, maps between Pgk-2 and Ce-2 on mouse chromosome 17. PMID- 3162226 TI - Fluorescence in situ hybridization to interphase cell nuclei in suspension allows flow cytometric analysis of chromosome content and microscopic analysis of nuclear organization. AB - Fluorescence hybridization to interphase nuclei in liquid suspension allows quantification of chromosome-specific DNA sequences using flow cytometry and the analysis of the three-dimensional positions of these sequences in the nucleus using fluorescence microscopy. The three-dimensional structure of nuclei is substantially intact after fluorescence hybridization in suspension, permitting the study of nuclear organization by optical sectioning. Images of the distribution of probe and total DNA fluorescence within a nucleus are collected at several focal planes by quantitative fluorescence microscopy and image processing. These images can be used to reconstruct the three-dimensional organization of the target sequences in the nucleus. We demonstrate here the simultaneous localization of two human chromosomes in an interphase nucleus using two probe labeling schemes (AAF and biotin). Alternatively, dual-beam flow cytometry is used to quantify the amount of bound probe and total DNA content. We demonstrate that the intensity of probe-linked fluorescence following hybridization is proportional to the amount of target DNA over a 100-fold range in target content. This was shown using four human/hamster somatic cell hybrids carrying different numbers of human chromosomes and diploid and tetraploid human cell lines hybridized with human genomic DNA. We also show that populations of male, female, and XYY nuclei can be discriminated by measuring their fluorescence intensity following hybridization with a Y-chromosome-specific repetitive probe. The delay in the increase in Y-specific fluorescence until the end of S-phase in consistent with the results recorded in previous studies indicating that these sequences are among the last to replicate in the genome. A chromosome-17-specific repetitive probe is used to demonstrate that target sequences as small as one megabase (Mb) can be detected using fluorescence hybridization and flow cytometry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3162232 TI - Effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha on vasoconstrictor responses in the mesenteric vascular bed. AB - Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) in a concentration that did not induce vascular contraction (10(-8) M) potentiated the dose-response curves to norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine and the contractile response induced by potassium (60 or 100 mM) in isolated mesenteric vascular bed of the rat. After prostaglandin inhibitor treatment with indomethacin (10(-6) M), the dose-response curve to norepinephrine was reduced, and the dose (10(-10) M) of PGF2 alpha, which was ineffective in control tissues, facilitated the norepinephrine contractile response. In contrast, indomethacin did not change either the contractile response induced by potassium or the PGF2 alpha potentiation of this response. Calcium antagonists diltiazem or flunarizine reduced the potassium induced contractile response. After diltiazem treatment, 10(-10) M of PGF2 alpha was also effective in facilitating this response. The PGF2 alpha postjunctional effect was conserved after phosphoinositide hydrolysis inhibition. These results suggest that PGF2 alpha potentiation of the contractile response may be independent of PGF2 alpha contraction. Low doses of endogenous prostaglandins could be able to facilitate the norepinephrine contractile response in this tissue. This process may be independent of calcium influx and phosphoinositide hydrolysis. PMID- 3162234 TI - Eating disorders, affective illness, and borderline personality disorder. PMID- 3162233 TI - Establishment of a human cell line (Mono Mac 6) with characteristics of mature monocytes. AB - A monocytic cell line, termed Mono Mac, was established from peripheral blood of a patient with monoblastic leukemia. Two clones, designated Mono Mac I and Mono Mac 6, were isolated and both were assigned to the monocyte lineage on the basis of morphological, cytochemical and immunological criteria. Most importantly, the clones express NaF-sensitive non-specific-esterase, produce reactive oxygen and stain with MAb My4. Mono Mac 6, in addition, constitutively exhibits phagocytosis of antibody-coated erythrocytes in 80% of the cells and reacts with a panel of MAbs that are specific for mature monocytes, i.e., M42, LeuM3, 63D3, Mo2 and UCHMI. By contrast, the monoblastic cell lines U937 and THP-I are negative for all these markers. Only expression of My4 could be detected after differentiation induced by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Similar treatment of Mono Mac I, however, resulted in staining with all the monocyte-specific MAbs mentioned above, while IFN-gamma treatment of Mono Mac 6 enhanced antigen expression. In addition, the cells showed an increased frequency of multinucleated cells with a rise from 4.8% to 21.9%. Mono Mac 6 appears to be the only one of the cell lines studied to constitutively express phenotypic and functional features of mature monocytes. PMID- 3162235 TI - Revision of the blocked N terminus of rat heart fatty acid-binding protein by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry. AB - The primary structure of rat heart muscle fatty acid-binding protein was investigated by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry. The protein was digested with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and the resulting peptides were separated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The masses of the protonated molecular ions (MH+) of the tryptic, chymotryptic, and S. aureus protease peptides were determined by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis using 20-500 pmol of material. From the tryptic digest, two peptides with MH+ 1036 and 861 were initially found that did not match the published primary sequence (Sacchettini, J. C., Meininger, T. A., Lowe, J. B., Gordon, J. I., and Banaszak, L. J. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 5428-5430). The amino acid sequences of these two peptides were determined by a combination of mass spectrometry, B/E-linked scanning, and high performance tandem mass spectrometric techniques to be: (Formula: see text). These new data require that corrections be made to the previously published sequence, involving residues 1-4 and 51-52. The corrected amino sequence for rat m-FABP reveals greater homology with myelin P2, mouse adipocyte p422 protein, and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein than was previously demonstrated. PMID- 3162236 TI - Functional domains and methyl acceptor sites of the Escherichia coli ada protein. AB - The ada gene of Escherichia coli encodes a 39-kDa protein which serves both as a transcriptional activator of the adaptive response to alkylating agents and as a DNA repair enzyme demethylating O6-methyl-guanine and phosphotriester residues. Here, the isolated Ada protein was found to be readily cleaved into two fragments of similar size by treatment with trypsin, chymotrypsin, subtilisin, or V8 protease. The fragments retained their respective methyltransferase activities. The Ada protein is, therefore, comprised of two stable active domains united by a central hinge region of about 10 amino acids. Post-translational modification of the Ada protein by methylation of a specific cysteine residue in the NH2-terminal domain is known to convert it to an efficient transcriptional activator. This residue has now been identified as Cys-69. PMID- 3162237 TI - Suppression of nerve growth factor-directed neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells by sphingosine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C. AB - The formation of vertebrate neural circuitry is regulated in part by neurotrophic agents, such as nerve growth factor (NGF); however, the biochemical mechanisms involved in neurite outgrowth have yet to be completely resolved. Phorbol ester tumor promoters are known to influence the extension of neurites in a variety of neurodevelopmental systems, and protein kinase C, the major phorbol ester receptor, has been implicated in this process. In the present study, sphingosine, a specific pharmacological inhibitor of protein kinase C, was employed to investigate the role of this enzyme in the elaboration of neurites in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. Normally, PC12 cells respond to NGF by morphologically differentiating into sympathetic neuron-like cells, exhibiting a marked hypertrophy, and extending slender neurites piloted by well defined growth cones. The elaboration of NGF-induced neurites was found to be reversibly inhibited by sphingosine in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 2.5-5 microM), while similar concentrations of several structural analogs were inactive. The suppression of neurite outgrowth by sphingosine was antagonized by the addition of 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), which binds to and directly activates protein kinase C. In the presence of NGF, TPA treatment increased the incidence of neurite outgrowth, and this increase, in turn, was antagonized by sphingosine. The binding of [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate to specific phorbol ester binding sites in PC12 cells was inhibited by sphingosine at concentrations similar to those which inhibited neurite outgrowth. The effects of sphingosine on TPA directed protein phosphorylation were examined in situ, revealing inhibition of [32P]phosphate incorporation into cellular proteins. The specific TPA-directed phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase was inhibited by sphingosine, as was the resulting increase in enzyme activity. The effects of sphingosine on the levels of alpha- and beta-tubulin mRNAs were also examined in an effort to delimit the locus of protein kinase C action. Concentrations of sphingosine which suppressed neurite outgrowth did not inhibit the NGF-directed elevation of tubulin transcript levels. Taken together, these results reveal the presence of a sphingosine-sensitive pathway in neurite outgrowth and indicate that protein kinase C plays a role in mediating the neuritogenic effects of NGF. Furthermore, the results suggest that protein kinase C acts at a distal segment of the neurite growth pathway. PMID- 3162239 TI - Evidence of intracellular and trans-acting differentiation-inducing activity in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells: its possible involvement in process of cell differentiation from a commitment step to a phenotype-expression step. AB - We previously reported that human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells, when treated with various inducers in magnesium-deficient medium, became committed to differentiate but did not express the differentiation-related phenotypes (Okazaki et al., J. Cell. Physiol., 131:50-57, 1987). In the present study we demonstrated the existence of an intracellular differentiation-inducing activity (int-DIA) in differentiation-committed phenotype-nonexpressing HL-60 cells by using cybrid formation between untreated HL-60 cells and cytoplasts from HL-60 cells treated in magnesium-deficient medium with 100 nM 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). Cell extracts from similarly treated HL-60 cells also showed int DIA, which when added (10 mg total protein/ml) to culture of untreated HL-60 cells, could increase the percentages of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)- and nonspecific esterase (NSE)-positive cells from 1% to 53%, and from 0 to 32%, respectively. They also induced differentiation of human monoblastic leukemia U 937 cells and of human myeloblastic leukemia KG-1 cells but not of erythroleukemia K-562 cells. These results suggested that the int-DIA had a common effect on differentiation induction in several human myeloid cell lines and may be involved in inducing cells to proceed from a commitment to a phenotype expression step during human myeloid cell differentiation. PMID- 3162240 TI - Deliberately inflicted, penetrating injuries of the maxillofacial region (Jael's syndrome). Report of 4 cases. AB - Four cases of intentional knife wounds of the maxillofacial region are presented. In all instances the patients were conscious at the time of admission, with a knife blade in situ. Treatment consisted of simple removal of the knife. Post surgical recovery was rapid and uneventful. No fatalities resulted and no permanent vascular or neurological damage occurred. PMID- 3162238 TI - Differential effects of transforming growth factor-beta on the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins by normal fetal rat calvarial bone cell populations. AB - To determine the effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) on the different cell types that exist in bone, cell populations (I-IV), progressively enriched in osteoblastic cells relative to fibroblastic cells, were prepared from fetal rat calvaria using timed collagenase digestions. TGF-beta did not induce anchorage-independent growth of these cells, nor was anchorage-dependent growth stimulated in most populations studied, despite a two- to threefold increase in the synthesis of cellular proteins. In all populations the synthesis of secreted proteins increased 2-3.5-fold. In particular, collagen, fibronectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor synthesis was stimulated. However, different degrees of stimulation of individual proteins were observed both within and between cell populations. A marked preferential stimulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor was observed in each population, together with a slight preferential stimulation of collagen; the effect on collagen expression being directed primarily at type I collagen. In contrast, the synthesis of SPARC (secreted protein acidic rich in cysteine/osteonectin was stimulated approximately two-fold by TGF-beta, but only in fibroblastic populations. Collectively, these results demonstrate that TGF-beta stimulates matrix production by bone cells and, through differential effects on individual matrix components, may also influence the nature of the matrix formed by different bone cell populations. In the presence of TGF-beta, osteoblastic cells lost their polygonal morphology and alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased, reflecting a suppression of osteoblastic features. The differential effects of TGF-beta on bone cell populations are likely to be important in bone remodeling and fracture repair. PMID- 3162241 TI - Pre- and postoperative middle ear function and muscle activity of the soft palate after total maxillary osteotomy in cleft patients. AB - The function of the tensor and levator veli palatini muscles was examined electromyographically in 26 patients with cleft palate, before and after Le Fort I-osteotomy. Hearing ability was determined audiometrically and via tympanometry and the maxillary advancement determined three dimensionally on the basis of model operation and lateral teleradiography. Due to the operative oedema, temporary functional impairment in palatal muscle tissue and sound transmission ability in the middle ear can occur. In several cases, maxillary osteotomy produced an improvement in ventilation of the middle ear and also improved the muscular activity of the palate in cleft patients. PMID- 3162242 TI - Xerox copy of the dental cast for analysis of the stability of mandibular osteotomy. AB - Stability of the mandible was analysed with a Xerox copy of the dental cast in 35 cases of mandibular prognathism corrected by ramus osteotomies. The occlusal relationship in the Xerox copy was illustrated by superimposing two contact points on the upper and lower dental arches and the change in the position of the lower dental arch in relation to the upper dental arch was obtained by superimposing the latter on preoperative, predicted postoperative, and six months postoperative occlusions. The stability of the mandible was analysed by measuring the movement of five landmarks (two posterior, two molar and one incisor points) set around the lower dental arch to represent the movement of the mandible. The relapse was estimated by the movements of the landmarks from the predicted postoperative occlusion to the six months postoperative occlusion. The mean estimated anterior relapses at the posterior and molar points with the larger predicted movement and the incisor point were between 0.9 mm. and 2.0 mm. at six months postoperatively, whereas on the side with the smaller predicted movement, the points moved posteriorly by 0.6 mm. and 0.5 mm. Despite the fact that the amount of the predicted lateral movement was much smaller than that of the predicted posterior movement at operation, the posterior points were estimated to relapse laterally by 2.0 mm. and 1.7 mm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3162243 TI - Lower lip carcinoma. Infiltration of the mandible along the mental nerve. AB - In general, carcinoma of the lower lip has a good prognosis after radical surgery. In rare cases, however, recurrences may be seen because of spread of the tumour along the mental nerve into the mandible. The earliest symptom of this is pain in the mandible and radiological evidence of widening of the mental foramen. Large resections and reconstructive procedures will be necessary. Three cases are presented. PMID- 3162244 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic problems with an unusual congenital cystic hygroma of the orbit. AB - A case of an extensive congenital cystic hygroma in an unusual situation in the orbit is presented. The lesion occurred as an ulcerative, rapidly--growing and repeatedly--bleeding tumour with destruction of the left orbit, parts of the middle face, the nose and the base of skull. Despite X-ray investigation, computed tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and angiography it was impossible to give a reliable diagnosis. Because of the rapid growth of the tumour and its uncertain nature a radical resection with exenteration of the orbit, resection of the zygoma, the soft tissues of the cheek and parts of the nose and skull base was performed. One year after the resection there was no sign of recurrence. PMID- 3162245 TI - Variation in prevalence of radiographic alveolar bone loss in subgroups of 14 year-old schoolchildren in Oslo. AB - The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of radiographic alveolar bone loss, as related to selected background variables in 2767 14-year old schoolchildren. Bone loss was recorded when the distance from the cemento enamel junction to the alveolar crest exceeded 2 mm. The radiographs were magnified approximately 10 times. 3% of the subjects and 18.5% of the sites were excluded because of indistinct radiographic reference points. Radiographic bone loss was found in 4.5% of the subjects. Horizontal lesions were more prevalent than vertical defects. Most subjects with bone loss had 1 (75%) or 2 (22%) lesions. No subject was diagnosed with juvenile periodontitis kind of lesion. The prevalence of bone loss depended on the variables sex, orthodontic treatment and ethnic background. PMID- 3162246 TI - Description and clinical evaluation of a new computerized periodontal probe--the Florida probe. AB - A new periodontal probing system has been developed which incorporates the advantages of constant probing force, precise electronic measurement to 0.1 mm and computer storage of the data. The system includes a probe handpiece, displacement transducer with digital readout, foot switch, computer interface and personal computer. A unique movable arm design enables the probe handpiece to maintain smooth operation and makes it easy to clean and sterilize. Electronic recording of the data (actuated by pressing a foot switch) eliminates errors which occur when probe tip markings are read visually and the data are called to an assistant. Computer storage and analysis of the data facilitates detecting changes in pocket depth and attachment level by rapidly comparing data recorded at different visits. The system was evaluated in 3 experiments using a 0.4 mm diameter tip and a 25 g probing force. The standard deviation of repeated pocket depth measurement was less (0.58 mm versus 0.82 mm) than that of a common probe. With paired readings referenced to an occlusal stent, the standard deviation of repeated attachment level measurements was 0.28 mm. A loss of attachment level was detected to a certainty of 99% with less than a 1 mm change. This is a significant improvement over common probes, which require a 2-3 mm change for equivalent positive identification of change in attachment level. PMID- 3162247 TI - Clinical evaluation of plaque removal with a double-headed toothbrush. AB - A blind, two-way, crossover clinical trial, completed by 44 adult subjects, instructed in specific oral hygiene techniques, was carried out to compare the effectiveness of plaque removal between a new Scandinavian double-headed toothbrush and a popular single-headed brush, each used for one week. The results showed that the double-headed brush was significantly more effective in removing plaque overall than a conventional brush. The effect was most evident on all lingual surfaces, especially in the lower arch and molar regions. It was also particularly pronounced when the double-headed toothbrush was allocated for use in the 2nd week of the study. There was no significant difference in the cleaning ability of the 2 brushes on the buccal surfaces of the teeth. PMID- 3162248 TI - Failure of isotretinoin therapy in Pityrosporum folliculitis. PMID- 3162249 TI - Bone marrow findings in adult patients with urticaria pigmentosa. AB - In order to better assess the prognosis of adult patients with urticaria pigmentosa, 35 patients with generalized maculopapular skin lesions and biopsy proved cutaneous mast cell increase had light and electron microscopic examinations of their bone marrow; 46% had an increased mast cell content that was focal in all but four patients. Additional frequent findings in this group were an increased cellularity, nuclear-cytoplasmic dissociation of maturation, eosinophilia, and macrophages that contained ingested nuclei. Similar changes were found in far fewer patients without increased marrow mast cells. Only one patient with massive cutaneous mastocytosis had mast cells with relatively large nuclei and immature granules in the extensively involved marrow. Repeated biopsies in this and in six other patients over 3 years showed no worsening of the marrow findings, and the clinical course of all patients was stable over up to 10 years of follow-up. The variable findings in the patients suggest that mastocytosis with cutaneous involvement is a heterogeneous disease where diverse stimuli may cause an increase of mast cells. The clinical course is, however, relatively stable. PMID- 3162250 TI - Idiotype vaccination leads to the emergence of a stable surface Ig-negative variant of the mouse lymphoma BCL1, with different growth characteristics. AB - Vaccination of mice with tumor-derived idiotypic IgM from the B cell lymphoma, BCL1, induces an anti-idiotypic immune response which suppresses tumor development. One of the mechanisms by which tumor cells can escape attack is by failing to express significant levels of idiotypic immunoglobulin at the cell surface, and a stable variant of this phenotype has been isolated. The variant, termed SNAG 1, continues to synthesize idiotypic IgM, which can be detected in the cytoplasm, but it neither secretes nor expresses IgM on the cell surface (less than 10% of the levels of the original BCL tumor), even though the H and L chains show no gross structural changes. The SNAG 1 cells resemble the parent BCL cells in morphology, in expression of MHC class I and II Ag and in bearing FcR. A significant difference between the BCL lymphoma cells and the variant cells is that the latter fail to respond to LPS by either DNA synthesis or secretion of IgM, suggesting that surface Ig might be required for such a response. The variant has a slower rate of division than the parent tumor both in vitro and in vivo, and a rather different organ distribution. Study of such variants might allow analysis of the mechanisms involved in surface Ig expression and its possible role in tumor cell growth and migration. PMID- 3162251 TI - Biochemical characterization of proteins that co-purify with class II antigens of the murine MHC. AB - Careful analysis of affinity-purified class II molecules (Ia Ag) from the murine MHC revealed the existence of a set of associated molecules that consistently co purified with the Ia Ag. SDS-PAGE revealed that molecules of Mr of 41 to 43 kDa and 56 to 58 kDa were associated with the affinity-purified I-Ak Ag from the AKR B cell lymphoma AKTB-1b. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (IEF vs SDS-PAGE) allowed further characterization of four molecules in the 41- to 43-kDa range and two in the 56- to 58-kDa range. All co-purifying proteins had isoelectric points between 5.2 and 6.2. The specificity of the association of the co-purifying molecules with the I-Ak Ag was established by using two criteria. First, with the exception of actin, proteins co-purifying with the I-Ak molecule were not found in samples of affinity-purified class I (H-2Kk) Ag or membrane Ig from the AKTB 1b lymphoma. Second, the use of the amino group-reactive homobifunctional cross linker 3,3'-dithiobisproprionimidate with crude membranes from AKTB-1b increased the relative amount of materials co-purifying with I-Ak. The use of the membrane impermeant cross-linker 3,3'-dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidyl) proprionate provided evidence that the interaction between I-Ak and one or more of the co-purifying components occurs on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane. Two of the co purifying molecules have been identified. The major material in the 41- to 43-kDa range was partially sequenced, leading to its identification as cytoplasmic actin. One of the components in the 56- to 58-kDa range was tentatively identified as one of the isozymes (RII) of the regulatory subunit of the cAMP dependent protein kinase, based on the use of the photoaffinity label 8-azido cAMP. PMID- 3162252 TI - A simple and rapid method for preparation of HIV-expressing targets for functional assays. AB - Standardized samples of target cells expressing viral antigen are necessary to perform reproducible and comparable functional assays for immune responses to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). HIV-infected cultured cell lines show wide variability in the number of HIV-expressing cells and in the amount of viral antigen per cell. They, as well as cells coated with the infectious virus, are a biohazard. 0.015% v/v beta-propiolactone (BPL) in buffered solution at pH 7.5 inactivates the infectivity of HIV but retains its antigenicity. BPL-inactivated HIV easily binds to T4 receptor bearing T-lymphocytes in a 30 min incubation at 22 degrees C. The process of adsorption is dose-dependent and results in a standardized and reproducible sample of target cells. Applications for the method are demonstrated and include: (1) preparation of target cells for assay of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and (2) characterization of antisera to HIV for their capacity to block HIV binding to cells. PMID- 3162254 TI - Chromosomal translocation involving the beta T cell receptor gene in acute leukemia. AB - DNA spanning a t(7;19) chromosomal translocation breakpoint was isolated from the human T cell line SUP-T7 established from an acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the point of crossover on chromosome 7 occurred immediately adjacent to joining segment J beta 1.1 within the TCR-beta gene, suggesting that this translocation resulted from an error in TCR gene rearrangement. On chromosome 19, the translocation occurred within a previously uncharacterized transcriptional unit for which we propose the name lyl-1. An approximately 1.5-kb RNA is transcribed from this gene in a wide variety of hematolymphoid cell lines. The t(7;19) results in truncation of the lyl-1 gene and production of abnormal-sized RNAs, suggesting a role for lyl-1 in the pathogenesis of this leukemia. PMID- 3162253 TI - MHC class II antigen-bearing dendritic cells in pulmonary tissues of the rat. Regulation of antigen presentation activity by endogenous macrophage populations. AB - Collagenase digestion of tissue slices from perfused, lavaged SPF rat lung released approximately 10(8) viable mononuclear cells per gram tissue, which comprised 35% T lymphocytes and up to 26% macrophages. A subset of these cells that were Ia+, surface Ig-, nonadherent, FcR- and of ultra low density (putative dendritic cells [DC]), presented protein antigen to immune T cells in vitro, and this function was inhibited by the presence of low numbers of endogenous adherent, FcR+ cells (putative macrophages). APCs were also identified in digests from tracheal epithelium, and were shown to bind antigen in immunogenic form as a result of natural (inhalation) exposure in vivo. Immunoperoxidase staining of frozen sections revealed populations of strongly Ia+ cells with prominent DC-like morphology within the alveolar septal walls and the tracheal epithelium; in both areas, they were closely associated with pleiomorphic cells that expressed macrophage surface markers. We accordingly postulate that interactions between Ia+ antigen-presenting DCs and endogenous tissue macrophages play an important role in regulating T cell activity in the respiratory tract. PMID- 3162256 TI - Osteosarcoma arising in Paget's disease of the calvarium. AB - Paget's disease of the bone occasionally transforms into sarcomatous tumors such as osteosarcoma. While Paget's disease demonstrates markedly increased uptake of bone scanning radiopharmaceutical, osteosarcomas complicating this condition often show decreased uptake. An unusual scan appearance of the osteosarcoma is presented in which the tumor showed intense uptake of the tracer on the bone scan. The extent of the sarcoma as delineated by the bone scan corresponded closely to the size of the lesion as seen on computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and was confirmed at surgery. PMID- 3162255 TI - Relationship between in vitro binding activity and in vivo tumor accumulation of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies. AB - The relationship between in vitro cell binding and in vivo tumor accumulation of radiolabeled antibodies was studied using 125I- and 111In-labeled monoclonal antibodies to human osteosarcoma, and a human osteosarcoma xenograft (KT005) in nude mice. Three monoclonal antibodies--OST6, OST7, and OST15--raised against human osteosarcoma recognize the same antigen molecule. Although the binding of both 125I- and 111In-labeled OST6 to KT005 cells was higher than that of radiolabeled OST7 in vitro, 125I-labeled OST6 showed a faster clearance from the circulation and a lower accumulation in the transplanted tumor than 125I-labeled OST7. In contrast to the radioiodinated antibodies, the in vivo tumor accumulation of 111In-labeled OST6 was higher, although not significantly, than that of 111In-labeled OST7. OST15 showed the lowest binding in vitro, and its in vivo tumor localization was also lower than the others. The discrepancy in tumor uptake between OST6 and OST7 labeled with either 125I or 111In may have been a result of differing blood clearance. These results suggest that binding studies can be used to exclude from in vivo use those antibodies which show very poor binding in vitro, while in vivo serum clearance may be a better test for choosing antibodies with similar binding. PMID- 3162258 TI - Anatomical and electromyographic studies of the digastric muscle. AB - The techniques and sites for EMG recordings from the digastric muscles are controversial. To re-evaluate old techniques for recording from the digastric muscles, especially the posterior bellies, the morphology of the muscles was studied by conventional dissections and by examination of specimens sectioned in the frontal and the horizontal planes. Based on these anatomical findings, recording sites and approaches to them were developed for the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscles. EMG recordings from the two bellies of the muscle were obtained from five healthy subjects. The EMG recordings were ranked according to muscle activity level and the activity within single muscles and between muscles compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The anterior and posterior bellies had synchronized activity in all mandibular movements but were silent or had negligible activity with the mandible in the rest position, when the head was rotated, and while clenching. Both bellies had marked to very marked activity during jaw opening, and moderate to marked activity during protrusion, retrusion and lateral movements. During swallowing the anterior and posterior bellies had patterns characterized by bursts of activity of high amplitude and short duration. The two bellies were not, however, always synchronously active. PMID- 3162257 TI - Chemomechanical caries removal--a clinical evaluation. AB - The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy and convenience of decayed dentine removal with N-monochloro-DL-2 aminobutyrate (CARIDEX) in all classes of cavities. Fifty-seven patients, each with two teeth having similarly sized carious cavities, participated in this study. One cavity in each patient was treated with the chemomechanical CARIDEX technique and the other cavity was treated with conventional mechanical drilling. The cavities were restored with either amalgam, composite or glass ionomer restorative materials. The time taken for access and caries removal was noted and the efficacy of caries removal with each technique was evaluated. The chemomechanical caries removal technique was effective in removing 90-100% of decayed dentine in 98% of the cavities treated. Multiple regression adjusted access and caries removal time to account for volume of caries removed. This adjusted time was operator dependent, and ranged from 4 to 10 minutes longer for CARIDEX than for the conventional technique. Ninety three per cent of patients preferred the chemomechanical method of caries removal over the conventional technique (highly significant P less than 0.001). Even though the chemomechanical removal of caries is slower than the conventional technique, the efficacy of CARIDEX and its high patient acceptance provides a viable alternative method for dentinal caries removal in all classes of cavities. PMID- 3162259 TI - Personality and quantified neuromuscular activity of the masticatory system in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction. AB - Patients suffering from temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome (TMJS) and healthy volunteers were examined by means of MMPI questionnaire and electromyography (masseter, anterior temporal and anterior digastric muscles) at rest and during natural chewing. In response to mental load (arithmetic chain task) TMJS patients showed an increase in postural activity and partly rhythmical short augmentations above the mean level of this activity. Chewing potentials were considerably diminished in patients compared with controls. There was evidence for neurotic disorders in the patients MMPI (neurotic triad: higher scores on hypochondria, depression, hysteria). Significant differences (multivariate variance and discriminant analysis: P less than 0.001) between patients and controls were found both in the group with psychic signs (MMPI scales) and in the group of quantitative electromyographic parameters. However, a sufficient discrimination was only obtained by a combination of both parameter groups. The results show that probably psychic dynamics, as well as the structure of neuromuscular activity within the masticatory system, are important in the aetiopathogenesis of TMJS. PMID- 3162260 TI - Single-crystal sapphire endosseous dental implant loaded with functional stress- clinical and histological evaluation of peri-implant tissues. AB - Peri-implant tissues of the single-crystal sapphire implant connected with neighbouring teeth by a metal bridge-work were examined clinically, radiographically, and histologically in ten monkeys. Professional tooth cleaning was performed during the study. At 3-12 months after insertion, most of the implants were firmly connected to the surrounding tissues and peri-implant gingiva was regarded as healthy, based on various periodontal parameter scores. Destructive changes of the peri-implant bone were not found radiographically. Histologically, peri-implant gingiva was revealed to show similar structure to that of the gingiva around natural teeth. Direct bone-implant interface was observed at 3 months after insertion, while a thin loose fibrous connective tissue layer was present between bone and implant at 6 and 12 months. Such different interrelationship between bone and implant might be attributable to the difference in distribution of functional stress. PMID- 3162261 TI - The silent period in the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles in young adult subjects unaware of mandibular dysfunction symptoms. AB - In fourteen individuals unaware of mandibular dysfunction symptoms, latency and duration of the silent period in the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles at tooth tapping and jaw jerk were reasonably reproducible after 5 weeks and 5 months. Although the subjects felt no discomfort in the stomatognathic system, in some of them mild to moderate muscle tenderness, TMJ sound and occlusal disharmony were found at clinical examination. The relationship between these symptoms and the silent period was analysed. Muscle tenderness was the only factor to affect the silent period. The subjects with muscle soreness had a shorter duration of the silent period than the subjects without such symptoms. PMID- 3162262 TI - A method for standardization of silent period measurements in human masseter muscle. AB - The effect of bite force and stimulus intensity on the electrically induced SP has been studied. The results from the present study and earlier investigations suggest that the following guidelines should be used in future SP studies. (i) The electrical rather than mechanical way of stimulation should be preferred since the stimulus parameters and the receptors stimulated can easily be determined. (ii) The sensory perception threshold (T) of subjects should be used when studying and comparing the SP between individuals rather than the actual values of the electrical stimulation since the value of the sensory perception threshold varies from subject to subject. (iii) Rectified and averaged EMG records should be used rather than single raw traces since it is not possible to measure the duration of SPs from single traces. (iv) The subject should be asked to perform 25% of his/her MBF and the BF should be given as a feedback. (v) A stimulus intensity of about 6T should be used so that small changes in the BF would not affect the SPD. (vi) A jaw separation of about 10 mm should be selected in the subjects with normal overjet (2-3 mm), this being slightly thicker than the average isometric force transducer. The transducer can be brought to this thickness using acrylic resin. (vii) A head rest should be used to keep the head position constant (and hence constant jaw position with respect to the transducer) since the head position alone may change the reflexes elicited in the jaws region. PMID- 3162265 TI - Diplomate of the American Board of Periodontology: is it in your future? AB - Periodontists who become diplomates of the American Board of Periodontology do so for many reasons. The intent of this paper is to explore the motivational factors of a select group of periodontists who have become diplomates. A survey questionnaire was mailed to 129 diplomates (1980-1984) asking them the question: "What motivated you to obtain diplomatic status in the American Board of Periodontology?" The answers from 95 diplomates were as varied as the individual respondents, but the principal motive was "personal achievement." This internalization for the need to become a diplomate was dominant over all external influences. Calculations made since January 1979 and the comments from the participants in this study strongly suggest that additional enticements must be forthcoming to draw more periodontists into diplomate status. PMID- 3162264 TI - Factors associated with occurrence and reversibility of connective tissue attachment loss. AB - Marginal periodontitis appears to be site-specific, demonstrates rapid bursts of connective tissue attachment destruction, and may, at times, repair spontaneously. The present study was undertaken to investigate associations between bacterial populations and periodontal destruction parameters within the first 14 days after induction of experimental periodontitis in animals receiving metronidazole. Metronidazole was administered orally to four squirrel monkeys for 17 days at a daily dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. After three days (baseline), marginal periodontitis was induced by tying silk ligatures at the gingival margins of maxillary and mandibular bicuspids and molars. Subgingival bacterial samples were taken and periodontal destruction evaluated at baseline, and 3, 7 and 14 days after ligature placement. Dark-field microscopy was used to quantitate motile forms, spirochetes, straight and curved rods, filaments, cocci and fusiforms. Levels of connective tissue attachment, crestal alveolar bone and the volume of bone were assessed histometrically. Bacterial and histometric parameters were analyzed using analysis of variance. The results indicated that subgingival plaque, prior to induction of periodontitis, consisted primarily of cocci. At three days after ligature placement, cocci were significantly decreased, while straight rods became the predominant bacterial group for the remainder of the study. Spirochetes and motile forms were virtually absent at all time points. Histometric analyses showed significant loss of connective tissue attachment at three and seven days, which was reversed and repaired at 14 days. Factors relating to initiation, potentiation, and reversibility of connective tissue attachment loss are discussed. PMID- 3162263 TI - Home care involving methotrexate infusions for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3162267 TI - Fibrolipoma of the gingiva. A case report. AB - A case of gingival fibrolipoma is described. The lesion presented as a tumor-like mass with a broad base arising from the attached gingiva adjacent to the mandibular left first bicuspid. Microscopic evaluation of the lesion revealed an admixture of mature adipose tissue and fibrous connective tissue. Fibrolipomas are an infrequent variant of lipomas. A review of the literature indicates that a gingival location for such lesions is rare. PMID- 3162266 TI - Pigmentation of the jawbones and teeth secondary to minocycline hydrochloride therapy. AB - Oral pigmentation due to minocycline hydrochloride (Minocin) therapy is an unusual and infrequently reported side effect of the drug. This report describes a patient on long-term minocycline therapy who presented with gingival pigmentation. Upon surgical exploration, the gingiva was noted to be normal in color, but the underlying bone was deeply pigmented. Via fluorescent microscopy, minocycline deposition within the alveolar bone was demonstrated. PMID- 3162268 TI - The relationship of interradicular width and alveolar bone loss. A radiometric study of a periodontitis population. AB - Contrasting data exist on the relationship between interproximal width and loss of marginal bone in a periodontitis susceptible population. Reports of clinical observations suggest that the prognosis of teeth with minimal interradicular width should be downgraded in periodontal patients. Others indicate a higher prevalence of intrabony lesions in wider interproximal spaces. Radiographs of 114 adult patients with evidence of bone loss consistent with periodontitis were examined. Measurements of interradicular width and the location of the bone margin from the cementoenamel junction were made at 811 interproximal sites using an optical digitizer at 3X magnification. The relationship between bone loss and interradicular width was investigated. The results indicate that as the interradicular width increases, the interproximal bone margin tends to be in a more apical location. No findings supported the contention that bone in a narrow interradicular space is at greater risk in patients who have had periodontitis. PMID- 3162269 TI - Automated classification of periodontal disease using bitewing radiographs. AB - The feasibility of applying a prototype, computer-based pattern recognition system to the objective classification of periodontal disease using dental radiographs was tested. Twenty-nine observer-classified bitewing radiographs, representing seven individuals with varying grades of periodontal disease, were selected. The radiographs were digitized using a computer-controlled TV camera. Mathematical features of these radiographs were interactively extracted using a digital image processing system (International Imaging Systems Model 75 and System/575). The features extracted from these radiographs included the brightness levels of cortical and trabecular bone and ratios of bone-loss to linear-crown height. Twenty-eight mathematically defined features (variables) were determined for each radiograph. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis used these features to classify subjects based on the presence and extent of periodontal disease. This pattern recognition system was able to grade periodontal disease in our test series with percentages of correct classifications ranging from 78.8% to 91%. This technology is particularly applicable to the development of morbidity and activity indices for periodontal diseases. PMID- 3162271 TI - Curing contraction of composites and glass-ionomer cements. PMID- 3162270 TI - Effect of citric acid treatment on the migration of epithelium on root surfaces in vitro. AB - Explants of bovine gingival mucosa were cultured for four days on scaled and citric acid-conditioned root surfaces. Demineralization of the hard tissue with citric acid exposed the collagenous matrix of the root. Undemineralized islands were frequently seen among the collagen fibers of the treated roots. When cultured on scaled, control root surfaces, the epithelium migrated inwards between the connective tissue of the explant and the root surface. On citric acid treated roots, epithelial migration in this direction was rare although it was possible. Citric acid treatment of the substratum directed the epithelium to migrate outwards from the explant. Only a few of the controls showed epithelial migration to the outward direction. The findings indicate that demineralization of the root surface has an influence on the direction in which the epithelium initially starts to migrate. An induced delay of epithelial migration between the gingival connective tissue and the hard tissue may be favorable for connective tissue attachment to the root surface. PMID- 3162273 TI - Age and denture experience as determinants in patient denture satisfaction. AB - Sixty-nine male patients participated in a self-evaluation survey measuring their satisfaction with maxillary and mandibular dentures. Patients generally had a high evaluation of their dentures, with the highest scores given to appearance. Age was not a significant predictor of denture success. Patients receiving their first dentures consistently had more difficulties in all categories of function, comfort, and appearance than patients with past experience with dentures. PMID- 3162272 TI - Patient satisfaction with current dental condition related to self-concept and dental status. AB - Structured interviews were administered to 168 male veterans from five locations to examine the relationship between attitudes toward dental esthetics, age, self concept, and dental status. Results indicate the following. 1. Subjects who had a more positive self-concept rated their current dental condition higher. 2. Veterans who use dentures do not have a lower self-concept than those who have remaining natural teeth and feel more positively about their dental appearance. 3. Among the sample studied, dental appearance was considered less important than function or comfort. 4. Diminished self-concept is not associated with greater concern for dental esthetics. PMID- 3162274 TI - Bone-implant interface structures after nontapping and tapping insertion of screw type titanium alloy endosseous implants. AB - To compare different surgical insertion procedures, histologic and histometric studies were made on the structure of the interface between jaw bone and implants in two monkeys. Two materials were tested; TiO2 coated and noncoated, screw-type titanium alloy endosseous implants. All implants by tapping insertion were healed with direct bone apposition whereas implants by nontapping insertion revealed some degrees of fibrous connective tissue intervention between bone and implant. No difference was found between TiO2 coated and non-coated materials. PMID- 3162275 TI - Mechanical analysis of the equilibrium of occlusal splints. PMID- 3162276 TI - Response patterns of craniomandibular muscles with and without alterations in sensory feedback. AB - 1. Surface EMG recordings were made bilaterally from the anterior part of the temporal muscle, superficial masseter muscle, and the suprahyoid complex of muscles while tracking mandibular incisor movement in three planes. This was done in 20 normal subjects with 16 different responses. Some responses involved clenching whereas other responses occurred with actual mandibular movement. 2. Each muscle demonstrated a probability of recruitment dependent on the response that correlated with the intensity of recruitment. The higher the probability of recruitment, the greater the intensity of muscle activity. 3. The anterior temporal muscle demonstrated no statistically significant difference in any of the responses between the left and right muscles. The masseter muscle also demonstrated bilateral symmetry. 4. The anterior part of the temporal muscle was recruited in more than 60% of its trials (60% to 100%) in ipsilateral laterotrusion, retrusion, fast vertical raising, clenching on the ipsilateral or intercuspal position, and mastication. The temporal muscle was recruited in less than 60% of its trials in contralateral and incisor clenching, and less than 30% in contralateral laterotrusion, protrusion, and opening. 5. The superficial masseter muscle was recruited in more than 60% of its trials in protrusion, vertical raising, all clenches, and mastication. The masseter muscle was recruited less than 60% in retrusion, ipsilateral laterotrusion, and opening. 6. The suprahyoid group of muscles was recruited in more than 60% of its trials in protrusion, opening, and mastication. This group of muscles was recruited less than 60% of the time in clenching, lateral movements, and rapid vertical raising of the mandible. 7. Applying a maxillary splint to seven subjects significantly decreased the recruitment of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles during mastication. The splint also modified the use of the masseter muscle during protrusion so that it was less active, but increased its recruitment during contralateral clenching. The suprahyoid muscle group was unaffected by the maxillary splint. 8. These data support the concept that movement of the mandible from the intercuspal or rest position develops a coactivation pattern that will excite or inhibit a given muscle regardless of whether clenching with occlusal contacts or no occlusal contact is involved. 9. The data also demonstrate that the maxillary splint can alter the use of the jaw elevator muscles, predominantly in mastication. PMID- 3162278 TI - Investigation into the effectiveness of surface treatment on poly(methyl methacrylate) when exposed in the mouth. PMID- 3162277 TI - Temporomandibular disorders. Part II: Occlusal factors associated with temporomandibular joint tenderness and dysfunction. AB - Two complete classes of freshman dental and dental hygiene students, 120 men and 102 women (mean age 23.9 years) were assessed for the presence of masticatory pain or dysfunction by questionnaire, clinical examination, and evaluation of dental casts according to strict criteria. The purpose was to identify the degree of association between observable signs of TMJ disorders and selected combinations of occlusal variables. TMJ tenderness was more frequent in class II, division 2 than in class I (p less than .05), but overall was not associated with occlusal factors such as deep overbites, length of a symmetric RCP-ICP slide, and unilateral contact in RCP. Overall, clicking was not associated with Angle class, deep overbite, length of symmetric RCP-ICP slide, or unilateral RCP contact. Among subjects with unilateral RCP contact, those with no clinically obvious RCP ICP slide (p less than .005) and those with asymmetric slides (p less than .05) had more TMJ clicking than subjects with symmetric slides. Luxation clicking of the condyle over the articular eminence on wide opening was absent in class II, division 2 subjects, but was most frequent in subjects with some teeth in unilateral posterior crossbite, particularly when this was a unilateral condition (p less than .001). Certain occlusomorphologic conditions may require less adaptation in the TMJs. This article indicates that an ICP anterior to the RCP in association with bilateral occlusal stability may be protective. PMID- 3162280 TI - Preparation modification for posterior ceramometal restorations with porcelain occlusal surfaces. PMID- 3162279 TI - Changes in the mandibular angle in the edentulous state. AB - Several textbooks of anatomy and at least one prosthodontic text make unsupported statements that the mandibular angle widens in the edentulous state. A search of the literature for support of those statements shows a disparity in conclusions on the subject. Several reports merely make statements that the angle does widen in the edentulous mandible. These articles present no original research. There are reports in the literature that lend some verification of the widening of the mandibular angle. However, an approximately equal number report nonwidening of the angle in the edentulous state. From these conflicting reports it would seem that if indeed there is a widening of the mandibular angle in the edentulous state, it is slight. This is verified by the results of this study which shows a mean increase of 2.4 degrees in the edentulous state (p = .001). The mean edentulous angle in this study was 126.3 degrees. This does not come close to the 140 degrees mentioned in two anatomy texts. If statements are to be made in the literature concerning this widening of the edentulous mandibular angle, they should be qualified with the words "slight widening." Several articles have stated that dentures prevent widening of the mandibular angle. This conclusion is refuted by a preliminary study in which we measured the mandibular angles of edentulous men patients who have never worn dentures. Sixty-eight angles were measured on 34 Panelipse radiographs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3162281 TI - Syringe technique for placement of visible light-curing bases in conservative cavity preparations. PMID- 3162282 TI - A comparison of three restorative techniques for endodontically treated anterior teeth. PMID- 3162283 TI - Norrie disease resulting from a gene deletion: clinical features and DNA studies. AB - We describe a family in which two boys with Norrie disease have a deletion of the DXS7 locus. The deletion does not extend as far distally as the OTC or DXS84 loci. A full clinical description of the patients is given to help establish the range of manifestations of Norrie disease. There is no evidence of any other X linked disease in our patients. PMID- 3162284 TI - Preoperative serum CA-125 levels in patients with surgical stage I invasive ovarian adenocarcinoma. AB - Preoperative serum CA-125 levels were elevated in only three of 13 patients (23%) with a pelvic mass who were found to have surgical stage I invasive ovarian adenocarcinoma. This low incidence is surprising, since elevated levels have been found in greater than 80% of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. This suggests serious limitations for using serum CA-125 levels as a screening test for ovarian cancer. PMID- 3162285 TI - The relationship of gonadal activity and chemotherapy-induced gonadal damage. AB - We tested the hypothesis that chemotherapy-induced gonadal damage is proportional to the degree of gonadal activity during treatment. Thirty studies that evaluated gonadal function after cyclophosphamide therapy for renal disease or combination chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease or acute lymphocytic leukemia provided data for analysis. Data were stratified according to sex, illness, chemotherapeutic regimen and dose, and pubertal stage at the time of treatment. Chemotherapy induced damage was more likely to occur in patients who were treated when sexually mature compared with those who were treated when prepubertal. Males were significantly more frequently affected than females when treated for renal disease or Hodgkin's disease. Chemotherapy-induced damage was also more likely to occur when patients were treated with large doses of alkylating agents. These data suggest that chemotherapy-induced damage is proportional to gonadal activity. Further efforts are needed to test whether induced gonadal quiescence during chemotherapy will reduce the strikingly high incidence of gonadal failure following chemotherapy. PMID- 3162286 TI - Steroids: do they enhance athletic performance? PMID- 3162287 TI - Cost effective shopping for prescription drugs. PMID- 3162288 TI - Heterogeneity of guinea pig chorion and liver estrogen sulfotransferases. AB - The presence of two forms of estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) in 105,000 g cytosols of guinea pig chorion and liver has been established by chromatofocusing via a fast protein liquid chromatographic (FPLC) procedure. The chorion EST forms were eluted at pH 6.2 and 5.4, and the liver forms at 6.1 and 5.3. Each has been further purified by an affinity column step using Agarose-hexane-adenosine-3',5' diphosphate (PAP-Agarose) gel to achieve up to 386-fold and 77-fold specific activity (SA) increases over cytosol for chorion and liver, respectively. The most highly purified preparations were extremely unstable unless protected by the addition of serum albumin of high purity. Each EST form exhibited an estimated molecular weight of 48-52 KDa by FPLC gel filtration and each acted upon both estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2). Each of these steroids inhibited sulfation of the other. A departure from Michaelis-Menten kinetics occurred, particularly in the case of chorion EST, at steroid substrate concentrations above 0.1-0.15 microM. E2 caused strong substrate inhibition of the most highly purified chorion EST. Chorion EST possessed considerable affinity for E1 and E2. PMID- 3162289 TI - The effect of long-term marrow culture on the origin of colony-forming cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia: studies of two patients heterozygous for glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - Long-term marrow cultures (LTMCs) provide a selective growth advantage for cytogenetically normal cells in patients with acute and chronic myeloid leukemias. In the present study, LTMCs were established from two patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who were heterozygous for the X linked enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Initially only leukemic clusters grew from cells plated in semisolid medium, but after 1 or more weeks in LTMC, morphologically normal granulocyte-macrophage colonies were detected. Nonetheless, in one of the patients, more than 80% of these colonies expressed the G6PD type observed in the leukemic blast cells, indicating a probable neoplastic derivation for many of them. In the second patient, colonies cultured during the first 3 weeks of the LTMC were predominantly derived from clonal progenitors, whereas after week 4 the colonies were derived from normal stem cells. Colonies derived from clonal or normal stem cells were not morphologically distinguishable. These data support the conclusion that LTMC has a selective anti leukemic effect on marrow cells from some patients. However, normalization of colony growth is by itself not a sufficient criterion for determination of whether committed progenitor cells from patients with AML are derived from normal or leukemic stem cells. PMID- 3162290 TI - [Correlation between the levels of CA 19-9 and Ca-50 in colorectal cancer]. PMID- 3162291 TI - Managing hyperlipidaemia. PMID- 3162292 TI - Germ-line quandary. PMID- 3162293 TI - Growth factors in amphibian cell differentiation. PMID- 3162294 TI - Change of heart in West German bacterial release debate. PMID- 3162296 TI - Lingual orthodontics. PMID- 3162295 TI - Tourette's syndrome in Monroe County school children. AB - We examined children from Monroe County, New York, to establish the prevalence of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (TS) in the county's schools. Patients were recruited for free evaluations from physicians, other health professionals, school personnel, and through extensive coverage in the local news media. Forty one TS patients were detected among the 142,636 pupils enrolled in the county's public and private schools at the time of the study (estimated prevalence, 28.7 per 100,000). Twenty patients had obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but only three had an impairing, diagnosable disorder. Fifty-six percent had a positive family history for TS or tics. Eighteen needed pharmacotherapy, although, for most, TS was a mild disorder requiring no drug treatment. PMID- 3162297 TI - Computers and dentistry--the perfect match. PMID- 3162298 TI - Labia minora reduction in an iron-lung disabled woman. AB - Enlarged labia minora can be bothersome for functional, aesthetic, and social reasons. Reassurance that variation in size is normal is often all that is needed. However, there are women with legitimate complaints that make surgical reduction acceptable and necessary. Surgical intervention should not be ignored because of other debilitating medical problems. One such unusual case is presented here. PMID- 3162299 TI - Peripartum heart failure in a patient treated previously with doxorubicin. AB - Postpartum congestive heart failure developed in a primigravida seven years after doxorubicin therapy for osteosarcoma. Delayed cardiac toxicity may be affected by preeclampsia, anemia, or postoperative fluid management. PMID- 3162300 TI - Instability of eye position in the dark in cerebellar degeneration. AB - Fourteen cases of spinocerebellar degeneration were examined. While the patients attempted to keep their eyes in the primary position, horizontal eye movements were recorded for 1 min in total darkness by infrared reflection oculography. Instability of eye position in the dark was observed in 10 patients. The range of the eye position error was 3-6 degrees in 6 patients, 6-10 degrees in 3 patients and over 10 degrees in 1 patient. These results indicate that the cerebellum plays an important role in extraretinal (nonvisual) eye position control. PMID- 3162301 TI - [Changes in thyroid function after treatment of malignant childhood diseases]. PMID- 3162302 TI - pSV00CAT: low background CAT plasmid. PMID- 3162303 TI - Oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions of gases respired by humans. AB - Oxygen-isotope fractionation associated with respiration in human individuals at rest is linearly related to the fraction of the O2 utilized in the respiration process. The slope of this relationship is affected by a history of smoking, by vigorous exercise, and by the N2/O2 ratio of the inhaled gas. For patients who suffer anemia-related diseases, the slope of this relationship is directly proportional to their level of hemoglobin. These results introduce a new approach for studying the mechanisms of O2 consumption in human respiration and how they are affected by related diseases. PMID- 3162304 TI - Neoplastic transformation inactivates specific trans-acting factor(s) required for the expression of the thyroglobulin gene. AB - The expression of rat thyroglobulin gene is repressed following the transformation of rat thyroid cells with Kirsten murine sarcoma virus. The expression of a reporter gene fused to the thyroglobulin promoter is down regulated in transformed thyroid cells in transient or in stable transfection assays. DNase and exonuclease III cleavage-protection analysis reveals that a promoter binding activity located at -60 base pairs from the transcription start site is substantially reduced in transformed thyroid cells. The repression in the transformed cells of the reporter gene joined to the thyroglobulin promoter can be reversed by fusion with normal differentiated thyroid cells. Fusion of transformed thyroid cells to liver cells does not reactivate the reporter under control of the thyroglobulin promoter. PMID- 3162306 TI - Calibration of DNA curvature and a unified description of sequence-directed bending. AB - Chemically synthesized duplex oligodeoxynucleotides having different average numbers of adenine tracts (A6) per helix turn were ligated into multimers and analyzed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. The magnitude of the anomaly in gel mobility is found to be a quadratic function of the curvature of the DNA molecule. Parameters that describe intrinsic DNA bending, expressed as the tilt and roll components of the helix-axis deflection at the junctions between the adenine tract and adjacent B-DNA, were adjusted to fit the measured relative curvature of regularly repeated DNA bending sequences known from other studies and synthesized for this study. The model developed here retains the predominance of bending in the direction of tilt at the junctions but incorporates an appreciable roll component at the 5' end of an adenine tract, opening the minor groove there. This feature is consistent with chemical "footprinting" experiments on molecules containing adenine tracts. The overall direction of bending is effectively toward the minor groove, viewed from the center of an A5 or A6 tract. A possible underlying structure, which can also be described by a wedge bending model, is that derived from fiber diffraction studies of poly(dA).poly(dT). However, alternative models for the adenine tract, such as propeller twisted DNA, cannot be eliminated, although they do not lead to the correct direction of bending. The results permit calculation of the helix-axis trajectory of natural DNA molecules containing adenine-tract bends. PMID- 3162305 TI - Repair of O-alkylpyrimidines in mammalian cells: a present consensus. AB - Enzymatic repair of the O-alkylpyrimidines (O2- and O4-alkylthymine, O2 alkylcytosine) and alkyl phosphotriesters has been studied in Escherichia coli, and the two proteins involved, a glycosylase (DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase) and a methyltransferase (DNA-O6-methylguanine:protein-L-cysteine S methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.63), have been well characterized. In mammals or mammalian cells treated with carcinogenic alkylating agents, loss of these derivatives has been demonstrated repeatedly. Nevertheless, mammalian repair proteins that are analogous to those from E. coli do not detectably act on these alkyl derivatives. A variety of techniques has been used by many investigators in the United States and Europe, who conclude here that the mode of O alkylpyrimidine and alkyl phosphotriester repair in mammalian cells differs from that in E. coli. New approaches and methods are needed to characterize these processes at the biochemical and molecular level. PMID- 3162307 TI - Two genetic loci participate in the regulation by iron of the gene for the human transferrin receptor. AB - Iron regulation of the human transferrin receptor gene was examined in murine cells transformed with chimeric constructs containing the human transferrin receptor gene's promoter and either the structural gene for bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase or the human transferrin receptor cDNA. The activity of the transferrin receptor gene's promoter with the heterologous indicator gene was found to be approximately equal to 3-fold higher in cells treated with the iron chelator desferrioxamine than in cells treated with the iron source, hemin. A higher degree of iron regulation was seen in the expression of the human transferrin receptor cDNA driven by its own promoter. The receptor cDNA under the control of the simian virus 40 early promoter was also iron regulated. Several human transferrin receptor transcripts differing in their 3' end were produced in the murine cells regardless of the promoter used, with the shorter transcripts being relatively unregulated by iron. Deletion of cDNA corresponding to most of the 3' untranslated portion of the mRNA for the receptor ablated the iron regulation. We conclude that at least two genetic elements exist for the regulation of the transferrin receptor gene by iron. One has its locus in the DNA upstream of the transferrin receptor gene's transcription start site, and the other is dependent upon the integrity of the sequences in the 3' end of the gene. PMID- 3162308 TI - Rapid regulation of c-myc protooncogene expression by progesterone in the avian oviduct. AB - The mRNA levels of genes known to be regulated by sex steroids are not altered until 1 hr or longer after steroid treatment, although the steroid receptor complexes are bound to nuclear acceptor sites within 5 min. In a search for early regulation of gene transcription, total chick oviduct RNA was isolated at various times after injection (i.p.) of progesterone and analyzed for c-myc expression. Levels of c-myc mRNA began to decrease in response to progesterone by 10 min after injection. The mRNA levels continued to decrease, reached a 70% reduction at 30 min, and returned to control values by 8 hr after steroid injection. Changes in alpha-tubulin mRNA levels were markedly less in these same RNA preparations. The effect was dependent on the dose of the steroid and was target tissue specific. These changes occurred much more rapidly than changes in egg white protein mRNA levels. Vehicle alone did not alter c-myc mRNA levels. Early regulated genes such as c-myc may represent the initial site of action of steroid receptors in the genome. PMID- 3162309 TI - Spatially localized 1H NMR spectra of metabolites in the human brain. AB - Using a surface coil, we have obtained 1H NMR spectra from metabolites in the human brain. Localization was achieved by combining depth pulses with image selected in vivo spectroscopy magnetic field gradient methods. 1H spectra in which total creatine (3.03 ppm) has a signal/noise ratio of 95:1 were obtained in 4 min from 14 ml of brain. A resonance at 2.02 ppm consisting predominantly of N acetylaspartate was measured relative to the creatine peak in gray and white matter, and the ratio was lower in the white matter. The spin-spin relaxation times of N-acetylaspartate and creatine were measured in white and gray matter and while creatine relaxation times were the same in both, the N-acetylaspartate relaxation time was longer in white matter. Lactate was detected in the normoxic brain and the average of three measurements was approximately equal to 0.5 mM from comparison with the creatine plus phosphocreatine peak, which was assumed to be 10.5 mM. PMID- 3162310 TI - Theoretical considerations on the "spine of hydration" in the minor groove of d(CGCGAATTCGCG).d(GCGCTTAAGCGC): Monte Carlo computer simulation. AB - A theoretical description of aqueous hydration in the minor groove of a B-form DNA is presented on the basis of a liquid-state Monte Carlo computer simulation on a system consisting of the oligonucleotide duplex d(CGCGAATTCGCG).d(GCGCTTAAGCGC) in a canonical B-form together with 1777 water molecules contained in a hexagonal prism cell and treated under periodic boundary conditions. The results are analyzed in terms of solvent density distributions. The calculated minor-groove solvent density shows considerable localization, indicative of discrete solvation sites and providing theoretical evidence for a well-defined ordered water structure. In the AATT sequence, this corresponds to the "spine of hydration" described by H. R. Drew and R. E. Dickerson [(1981) J. Mol. Biol. 151, 535-556] based on the x-ray crystal structure of the dodecamer hydrate. We find, however, that the calculated ordered water structure also extends into the CGCG flanking sequences, supported by the N2 hydrogen bond donors of the guanine residues and indicating that the spine of hydration could thus extend throughout the minor groove of a B-form DNA. This provides a possible explanation of the positive binding entropies observed by L. A. Marky and K. J. Breslauer [(1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 4359-4363] for both A.T and C.G sequences on the complexation of netropsin to the minor groove of DNAs. Implications of these results with regard to the thermodynamic stability of DNA in water and the sequence specificity of the minor groove hydration are discussed. PMID- 3162311 TI - Hydrodynamic hyperpolarization of endothelial cells. AB - The orientation and morphology of the endothelium lining the cardiovascular system may result from hemodynamic forces acting on the endothelial cells. To investigate the flow effects at the membrane level, we have examined the variations of the fluorescence intensity of two membrane-sensitive dyes, merocyanine 540 and bis(1,3-diethylthiobarbiturate)trimethineoxonol, (i) as a function of flow shear stress and (ii) with the onset or cessation of the flow. We found a time-dependent decrease in fluorescence intensity with the onset of the flow with an exponential approach to steady state of the order of 1 min. The process is reversible; when the flow is stopped the fluorescence intensity returns to its original value. The polarization of the endothelial cell membranes or, more precisely, the amplitude of the fluorescence intensity responses is an increasing function of the shear stress (up to 120 dynes/cm2). Assuming the equilibrium potential for K+ is more hyperpolarized than the resting potential and using valinomycin, we have deduced from the sign of the ionophore effects that the flow hyperpolarizes the endothelial cell membrane. PMID- 3162312 TI - Imaging asynchronous changes in intracellular Ca2+ in individual stimulated tumor mast cells. AB - Changes in the level of intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) are associated with the secretion of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity by rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells, a mast cell line. Digital fluorescence ratio imaging of fura-2 was used to measure [Ca2+]i in individual RBL cells. Changes in [Ca2+]i that occurred in response to crosslinking of IgE receptors on the cell surface or to application of the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin were studied. Stimulation of RBL cells with antigen resulted in rapid increases in [Ca2+]i following lag times that varied widely from cell to cell. Simple averaging of the Ca2+ responses of many cells yielded a gradual response profile that closely resembled that of suspensions of cells measured in the fluorometer. The results show that single cells can respond much more rapidly to antigen than has previously been suggested by studies on populations of cells. The lag time between addition of antigen and initiation of the increase in [Ca2+]i varied considerably between cells in the same field of view. Both the rise time and the variability and average duration of the lag time increased with decreasing antigen concentration. PMID- 3162314 TI - Characterization of 1-methyladenine binding in starfish oocyte cortices. AB - 1-Methyladenine (1MeAde) is the naturally occurring maturation-inducing hormone of starfish oocytes. We have prepared a biologically active [3H]1MeAde of high purity and relatively high specific radioactivity. This ligand binds to cortices isolated from full-grown prophase-arrested oocytes of the starfish Asterina pectinifera. The binding of [3H]1MeAde to cortices was rapid and reached equilibrium in approximately 15 min. This is in excellent agreement with the hormone-dependent period required for the induction of oocyte maturation. Binding was maximal between pH 6.4 and 8.0 and diminished sharply above and below this range. Analysis of Scatchard plots of the equilibrium binding of [3H]1MeAde to cortices indicates the existence of a single class of binding site with a dissociation constant of 0.3 microM and a binding capacity of 0.02 fmol per cortex. Whereas biologically active analogs (1-benzyladenine, 1-ethyladenine) inhibited the specific binding of [3H]1MeAde by cortices, biologically inactive analogs (2-methyladenine, 3-methyladenine, 1,9-dimethyladenine, and 1 methylhypoxanthine) did not. These results suggest that the 1MeAde binding characterized herein is necessary for the maturational action of 1MeAde on starfish oocytes. PMID- 3162315 TI - An epistatic mating system model can produce permanent cytonuclear disequilibria in a hybrid zone. AB - We examine the evolutionary dynamics of gametic and genotypic disequilibria between a cytoplasmic gene and a nuclear gene under two mating system models relevant to hybrid zones. In the first model, in which female mating preference is determined by an epistatic interaction between the two loci, permanent nonzero cytonuclear disequilibria are possible for a variety of initial genotype frequencies, particularly when rates of assortative mating for the two parental species are high. In contrast, when mating preference is effectively determined by interaction between a cytoplasmic gene and the multilocus nuclear genotypes characteristic of the parental species, all cytonuclear disequilibria, as well as frequencies of pure parentals, rapidly decay to zero unless assortative mating is nearly perfect. Results of the models are applied to the interpretation of observed cytonuclear associations in a hybrid population of Hyla tree frogs. PMID- 3162313 TI - Leukocyte chemoattraction by 1,2-diacylglycerol. AB - Previous reports have demonstrated the hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in response to chemoattractants and in lymphocytes in response to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin. We investigated the role of 1,2-diacylglycerol, one of the products of receptor-linked phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis, in mediating the migratory response of leukocytes. In an under-agarose migration system, we found 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol to be a strong chemoattractant for human PMN, 6C3HED (a mouse thymic lymphoma), and Jurkat (a human T-cell leukemia). By using a modified Boyden chamber assay, the migratory response of PMN to 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol was determined to be primarily chemotactic. Analysis of structural analogs indicated that both the position and number of acyl chains are important in determining chemoattractant activity. These studies demonstrate that exogenous 1,2-diacylglycerol can stimulate the directed migration of leukocytes. They further suggest that the formation of 1,2-diacylglycerol following receptor-mediated stimulation may represent a common step in the migratory responses of myeloid and lymphoid cells. PMID- 3162316 TI - Antibodies to cholesterol. AB - Cholesterol-dependent complement activation has been proposed as a factor that might influence the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Although antibodies to cholesterol conjugates have been reported, cholesterol is widely regarded as a poorly immunogenic substance. Monoclonal IgM complement-fixing antibodies to cholesterol were obtained in the present study after immunizing mice with liposomes containing high amounts of cholesterol (71 mol % relative to phosphatidylcholine) and lipid A as an adjuvant. Clones were selected for the ability of secreted antibodies to react with liposomes containing 71% cholesterol but not with liposomes containing 43% cholesterol. The antibodies also reacted with crystalline cholesterol in a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Binding of monoclonal antibodies to the surface of crystalline cholesterol was demonstrated by electron microscopy by utilizing a second antibody (anti-IgM) labeled with colloidal gold. The immunization period required to induce monoclonal antibodies was very short (3 days) and a high fraction of the hybrid cells (at least 70%) were secreting detectable antibodies to cholesterol. The results demonstrate that cholesterol can be a highly immunogenic molecule and that complement-fixing antibodies to cholesterol can be readily obtained. PMID- 3162317 TI - The cytolytic C5b-9 complement complex: feedback inhibition of complement activation. AB - We describe a regulatory function of the terminal cytolytic C5b-9 complex [C5b 9(m)] of human complement. Purified C5b-9(m) complexes isolated from target membranes, whether in solution or bound to liposomes, inhibited lysis of sensitized sheep erythrocytes by whole human serum in a dose-dependent manner. C9 was not required for the inhibitory function since C5b-7 and C5b-8 complexes isolated from membranes were also effective. No effect was found with the cytolytically inactive, fluid-phase SC5b-9 complex. However, tryptic modification of SC5b-9 conferred an inhibitory capacity to the complex, due probably to partial removal of the S protein. Experiments using purified components demonstrated that C5b-9(m) exerts a regulatory effect on the formation of the classical- and alternative-pathway C3 convertases and on the utilization of C5 by cell-bound C5 convertases. C5b-9(m) complexes were unable to inhibit the lysis of cells bearing C5b-7(m) by C8 and C9. Addition of C5b-9(m) to whole human serum abolished its bactericidal effect on the serum-sensitive Escherichia coli K-12 strain W 3110 and suppressed its hemolytic function on antibody-sensitized, autologous erythrocytes. Feedback inhibition by C5b-9(m) represents a biologically relevant mechanism through which complement may autoregulate its effector functions. PMID- 3162318 TI - Cyclic cholecystokinin analogues with high selectivity for central receptors. AB - Taking as a model the N-terminal folding of the cholecystokinin tyrosine-sulfated octapeptide [CCK-8; Asp-Tyr(SO3H)-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2] deduced from conformational studies, two cyclic cholecystokinin (CCK) analogues were synthesized by conventional peptide synthesis: Boc-D-Asp-Tyr(SO3H)-Ahx-D-Lys-Trp Ahx-Asp-Phe-NH2 [compound I (Ahx, 2-aminohexanoic acid)] and Boc-gamma-D-Glu Tyr(SO3H)-Ahx-D-Lys-Trp-Ahx-Asp-Phe-NH2 (compound II). The binding characteristics of these peptides were investigated on brain cortex membranes and pancreatic acini of guinea pig. Compounds I and II were competitive inhibitors of [3H]Boc[Ahx28,31]CCK-(27-33) binding to central CCK receptors and showed a high degree of selectivity for these binding sites (compound I: Ki for pancreas/Ki for brain, 179; compound II: Ki for pancreas/Ki for brain, 1979). This high selectivity was associated with a high affinity for central CCK receptors (compound I: Ki, 5.1 nM; compound II: Ki, 0.49 nM). Similar affinities and selectivities were found when 125I Bolton-Hunter-labeled CCK-8 was used as a ligand. Moreover, these compounds were only weakly active in the stimulation of amylase release from guinea pig pancreatic acini (EC50 greater than 10,000 nM) and were unable to induce contractions in the guinea pig ileum (to 10(-6) M). The two cyclic CCK analogues, therefore, appear to be synthetic ligands exhibiting both high affinity and high selectivity for central CCK binding sites. These compounds could help clarify the respective role of central and peripheral receptors for various CCK-8-induced pharmacological effects. PMID- 3162319 TI - Mean-field theory of a neural network. AB - A single-cell theory for the development of selectivity and ocular dominance in visual cortex has been generalized to incorporate more realistic neural networks that approximate the actual anatomy of small regions of cortex. In particular, we have analyzed a network consisting of excitatory and inhibitory cells, both of which may receive information from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and then interact through cortico-cortical synapses in a mean-field approximation. Our investigation of the evolution of a cell in this mean-field network indicates that many of the results on existence and stability of fixed points that have been obtained previously in the single-cell theory can be successfully generalized here. We can, in addition, make explicit further statements concerning the independent effects of excitatory and inhibitory neurons on selectivity and ocular dominance. For example, shutting off inhibitory cells lessens selectivity and alters ocular dominance (masked synapses). These inhibitory cells may be selective, but there is no theoretical necessity that they be so. Further, the intercortical inhibitory synapses do not have to be very responsive to visual experience. Most of the learning process can occur among the excitatory LGN-cortical synapses. PMID- 3162320 TI - Classical conditioning induces long-term translocation of protein kinase C in rabbit hippocampal CA1 cells. AB - The role of the Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent, diacylglycerol-activated enzyme protein kinase C (PKC) in rabbit eyelid conditioning was examined. PKC was partially purified from the CA1 region of hippocampal slices from naive, pseudoconditioned, and conditioned rabbits 24 hr after the rabbits were well conditioned. Crude membrane and cytosol fractions were prepared. In conditioned rabbits, significantly more PKC activity (63.3%) was associated with the membrane fraction (and significantly less with the cytosol fraction) compared to naive (42.0%) and pseudoconditioned (44.7%) animals. These differences in distribution of enzyme activity were paralleled by differences in stimulation of enzyme activity by Ca2+, phospholipid, and diacylglycerol. There were no between-group differences in basal protein kinase activity. These results suggest that there is a long-term translocation of PKC from cytosol to membrane as a result of conditioning. Autoradiographic binding of radioactive phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate to PKC demonstrated that almost all specific binding was in the stratum radiatum, a region containing the proximal apical dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Therefore, this may be the site of the conditioning-specific PKC translocation, a locus well-suited to underlie the biophysical effects of conditioning. PMID- 3162321 TI - Isolation and characterization of a Drosophila gene that encodes multiple neuropeptides related to Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide). AB - A Drosophila gene that encodes neuropeptides related to molluscan Phe-Met-Arg-Phe NH2 (FMRFamide) was isolated by screening a genomic library with a fragment of an Aplysia Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 cDNA and with synthetic oligonucleotides. This gene was used to isolate a cDNA from a Drosophila adult head cDNA library. The cDNA was defined by sequence analysis to encode 13 peptides that have Phe-Met-Arg-Phe NH2 or related sequences at their carboxyl termini. Other putative neuropeptides, including one that has homology to mammalian corticotropin-releasing factor, are present in the deduced approximately equal to 39-kDa precursor. Southern blot analysis suggested the presence of a single Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2-like gene within the haploid genome. RNA blot analysis indicated the expression of at least two transcripts of approximately equal to 1.7 and approximately equal to 0.7 kilobases. Both transcripts are evident throughout larval, pupal, and adult developmental stages. In situ hybridization was used to localize this neuropeptide gene to band 46C on the right arm of the 2nd chromosome. These data provide the basis for utilizing the advanced genetics and molecular techniques of Drosophila to address complex aspects of neuropeptide expression and function. PMID- 3162322 TI - Rapid reorganization of adult rat motor cortex somatic representation patterns after motor nerve injury. AB - The potential for peripheral nerve injury to reorganize motor cortical representations was investigated in adult rats. Maps reflecting functional connections between the motor cortex and somatic musculature were generated with intracortical electrical stimulation techniques. Comparison of cortical somatotopic maps obtained in normal rats with maps generated from rats with a facial nerve lesion indicated that the forelimb and eye/eyelid representations expanded into the normal vibrissa area. Repeated testing from an electrode placed chronically in the motor cortex showed a shift from vibrissa to forelimb within hours after facial nerve transection. These comparatively quick changes in motor cortex representation pattern suggest that synaptic relations between motor cortex and somatic musculature are continually reshaped in adult mammals. PMID- 3162323 TI - Epinephrine enhances Ca2+ current-regulated Ca2+ release and Ca2+ reuptake in rat ventricular myocytes. AB - The voltage dependence of the intracellular Ca2+ transients was measured in single rat ventricular myocytes with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator dye fura-2. The whole-cell voltage clamp technique was used to measure the membrane current, and 0.9 mM fura-2 was loaded into the cell by including it in the dialyzing solution of the patch electrode. A mechanical light chopper operating at 1200 Hz was used to obtain simultaneous measurements of the intracellular Ca2+ activity with fluorescence excitation on either side of the isosbestic point (330 nm and 410 nm). The symmetry of the two optical Ca2+ signals was used as a criterion to guard against artifacts resulting, for instance, from motion. The voltage dependence of peak Ca2+ current and the Ca2+ transient measured 25 ms after depolarizing clamps from a holding potential of -40 mV were bell-shaped and virtually identical. The Ca2+ entry estimated from the integral of the Ca2+ current (0 mV, 25 ms) corresponds to a 5-10 microM increase in the total intracellular Ca2+ concentration, whereas the optical signal indicated a 100 microM increase in total intracellular Ca2+. Repolarization of clamp pulses from highly positive potentials were accompanied by a second Ca2+ transient, the magnitude of which, when summed with that measured during depolarization, was nearly constant. Ryanodine (10 microM) had little or no effect on the peak Ca2+ current but reduced the magnitude of the early Ca2+ transients by 70-90%. Epinephrine (1 microM) increased the Ca2+ current and the Ca2+ transients, accelerated the rate of decline of the Ca2+ transients at potentials between -30 and +70 mV, and reduced the intracellular [Ca2+] below baseline at potentials positive to +80 or negative to -40 mV, where clamp pulses did not elicit any Ca2+ release. Elevation of intracellular cAMP mimicked the relaxant effect of epinephrine at depolarizing potentials, whereas elevation of extracellular [Ca2+] did not. These results suggest that most of the activator Ca2+ in rat ventricular cells is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum as a graded response to sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx. Consistent with a graded Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release we find that epinephrine increases the internal Ca2+ release by increasing the Ca2+ current. Epinephrine may also increase the Ca2+ content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum that may, in turn, increase the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release. The relaxant effect of epinephrine appears to be caused by enhanced rate of Ca2+ resequestration and is mediated by adenylate cyclase system. PMID- 3162325 TI - Inhibition of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the sow near term: effects on fetal and maternal steroids and on delivery. AB - The effect of Epostane, a 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor, on maternal and fetal plasma progesterone and other steroids has been investigated in chronically catheterized pregnant sows near term. Epostane (1-2 mg/kg) was given i.v. and samples withdrawn from the uterine vein and artery and a fetal artery. In seven sows tested at 106-110 d gestation (term 115 d) Epostane induced parturition 25 +/- 2.1 h later with the birth of live viable young (group 1). In four sows tested with the same dose of Epostane at 106-111 d gestation parturition was not induced (group 2). A rapid drop in maternal and fetal plasma progesterone occurred after Epostane; in group 1 maternal progesterone remained below 4 ng/ml until delivery whereas in group 2 the drop was temporary, as was the decrease in fetal progesterone in all animals. Epostane also resulted in a rapid fall in maternal and fetal plasma cortisol with a gradual recovery over the following 9-12 h which was accompanied by increased ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone) levels in the fetus. In group 1 fetuses a further escalation in both cortisol and ACTH occurred up to and during delivery while in group 2 basal concentrations were restored after 24 h. Epostane also reduced maternal oestrone concentrations in both groups over the 6-9 h after drug treatment. In group 2 the basal oestrone concentrations and the oestrone/progesterone ratio before and after Epostane administration were lower than in group 1 which may in part explain the failure of Epostane to induce labour in the former despite their similar gestational age. It is concluded that Epostane is not a reliable inducing agent in the sow when infused within 5-10 d of term although enhanced adrenocortical activity probably ensures the viability of the piglets if delivered. PMID- 3162324 TI - A phospholipid is the membrane-anchoring domain of a protein growth factor of molecular mass 34 kDa in placental trophoblasts. AB - Recently we isolated a protein growth factor of 34 kDa from trophoblastic membranes of human placenta. A fraction (approximately equal to 50%) of the membrane-associated 34-kDa protein is peripherally associated--i.e., it can be released by high salt treatment. The remainder shows the characteristics of an integral membrane protein--i.e., its release requires detergent treatment. Here we report studies on the structural basis for membrane anchorage of the protein. Phospholipase C was found to release an immunoreactive 34-kDa polypeptide from intact isolated cytotrophoblasts. Studies with isolated trophoblastic membranes showed that phospholipase C specifically released the salt-resistant fraction of the 34-kDa polypeptide. The polypeptide released by phospholipase C showed the same electrophoretic mobility in NaDodSO4/PAGE as the polypeptide prior to phospholipase C treatment. The identity of the released protein with the 34-kDa growth factor has been established by both immunologic and receptor-binding assays. Other studies show that there is biosynthetic incorporation of [3H]myristate into the 34-kDa protein. The myristate label is labile to phospholipase C treatment. These results suggest that some of the 34-kDa protein is anchored to the plasma membrane via a posttranslationally added phospholipid. This mode of anchorage has been observed for some other membrane proteins and raises interesting questions regarding the role of this novel linkage in the mitogenic function of the 34-kDa polypeptide. PMID- 3162326 TI - Experimental infections of the musculoskeletal system: evaluation with MR imaging and Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 scintigraphy. AB - Acute osteomyelitis, soft-tissue infection, or both were experimentally produced in 38 New Zealand white rabbits, and three-phase technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate, gallium-67, and magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained 7 or 14 days after infection. There was no significant difference between radionuclide studies and MR images in the detection of osteomyelitis, but MR imaging was significantly more sensitive (100% vs. 69%; P less than .01) in the detection of soft-tissue infection. In addition, cellulitis could not be distinguished from soft-tissue abscess on radionuclide studies, whereas MR imaging was 92% accurate in depicting soft-tissue abscesses. Further research is necessary to determine how to relate these findings to true human clinical situations. PMID- 3162327 TI - Pharmacokinetics of the quinolones in volunteers: a proposed dosing schedule. AB - The pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of five quinolones into inflammatory exudate were studied in healthy volunteers. The compounds studied were norfloxacin (400 mg orally), enoxacin (400 mg intravenously and 600 mg orally), ciprofloxacin (100 mg intravenously and 500 mg orally), ofloxacin (600 mg orally), and pefloxacin (400 mg intravenous). Orally administered ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were the most rapidly absorbed (time to maximal serum level, 1.2 hours) and enoxacin the least (1.9 hours). The serum levels attained were highest in the case of ofloxacin (after an allowance was made for the higher dose administered). The serum elimination half-lives were as follows: norfloxacin, 3.75 hours; ciprofloxacin, 3.9 hours (oral) and 4.0 hours (intravenous); ofloxacin, 7.0 hours; enoxacin, 6.2 hours (oral) and 5.1 hours (intravenous); and pefloxacin, 10.5 hours. All agents penetrated well into a mild inflammatory exudate. The 24-hour recovery rate from urine was 62% for oral enoxacin, 46.4% for intravenous enoxacin (plus 12.2% for oxo-enoxacin), 27% for norfloxacin, 30.6% for oral ciprofloxacin, 75.7% for intravenous ciprofloxacin, 73% for ofloxacin, and 4.9% for pefloxacin (plus 9.2% for the norfloxacin metabolite and 17.8% for pefloxacin N-oxide). A dosing schedule for the quinolones was proposed on the basis of pharmacokinetic parameters and microbiologic activity. PMID- 3162328 TI - A full plate. PMID- 3162329 TI - Cancer control in Rhode Island: Part II. The Roger Williams Cancer Screening Program. PMID- 3162330 TI - The Pawtucket Heart Health Program. V. Utilizing community resources for primary prevention. PMID- 3162331 TI - Medical practice variation in the management of acute medical events in nursing homes: a pilot study. PMID- 3162332 TI - Leukemia. V. PMID- 3162333 TI - Tumor lysis syndrome after steroid therapy for anaphylaxis. AB - A 36-year-old man with mediastinal lymphoblastic lymphoma achieved complete remission with chemotherapy. After 18 months he relapsed in a leukemic phase with hematuria due to thrombocytopenia. While receiving 10 units of random donor platelets, he had anaphylaxis, for which he received epinephrine, diphenhydramine, and intravenous methylprednisolone (125 mg), causing rapid tumor lysis with hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and a rise in creatinine. Treatment with allopurinol and high-volume alkaline diuresis led to recovery of normal renal function within 72 hours. Since steroids are cytotoxic to many leukemias and lymphomas, physicians prescribing transfusions or treating anaphylaxis in cancer patients should be aware of this life-threatening potential complication. PMID- 3162334 TI - cDNA cloning and assignment to chromosome 21 of IFI-78K gene, the human equivalent of murine Mx gene. AB - Recently we have purified to homogeneity and characterized an interferon-induced human protein (p78 protein) which is the equivalent of the interferon-induced murine Mx protein responsible for a specific antiviral state against influenza virus infection. A cDNA library was constructed using mRNAs from interferon induced human diploid fibroblasts. cDNA clones coding for the human p78 protein were identified and used to determine the chromosomal location of the corresponding gene (termed IFI-78K gene) by hybridization to DNA from a panel of human x rodent somatic cell hybrids. The newly identified gene is located on chromosome 21. This has been confirmed by the observation of a gene dosage effect using chromosome 21 trisomic cells (fibroblasts derived from Down's syndrome patients). Among all interferon-inducible genes mapped so far, the IFI-78K gene is the only one located on chromosome 21, together with the gene for the receptor of type I interferon. Our results also provide further evidence for homology between human chromosome 21 and mouse chromosome 16, since the gene encoding the mouse Mx protein (the presumed mouse homolog protein of human p78 protein) has been assigned to chromosome 16. PMID- 3162335 TI - Direct selection of Chinese hamster ovary strains deficient in CTP synthetase activity. AB - Mutant CHO cell strains dependent upon cytidine for growth and survival were isolated by a direct selection protocol. The mutants obtained are deficient in CTP synthetase activity (less than 2% residual activity) and have low reversion frequencies (less than 10(-7)). Cytidine deprivation of these stains leads to rapid depletion of intracellular CTP pools, but not dCTP pools, and a surprisingly rapid loss of cell viability. These properties should make the cytidine auxotrophs useful for a number of biochemical and genetic studies. PMID- 3162336 TI - Factors influencing efficiency and reproducibility of polybrene-assisted gene transfer. AB - A systematic investigation of factors influencing the efficiency of polybrene assisted gene transfer for both transient and stable foreign gene expression was carried out utilizing NIH 3T3 fibroblasts as prototypic recipients for the plasmid expression vectors pSV2cat and pSV2neo. While transfection cocktail composition and cell density, in addition to polybrene exposure conditions and exogenous DNA concentration, each played an important role, the key determinant to achieving excellent transfection efficiency proved to be the DMSO treatment regimen. Under optimal conditions, the yield of colonies resistant to the neomycin analog, G418, increased linearly at the rate of 10 clones/ng of input (native form I pSV2neo) DNA up to a plasmid concentration of 50 ng, whereupon the dose-response for colony recovery became semilogarithmic. The incidence of stable transformants was doubled by linearization of the vector DNA, whereas the addition of carrier DNA to the transfection cocktail was without effect until present at concentrations above 10-fold molar excess, at which point the efficacy of gene transfer declined rapidly. Combined Southern and dot-blot analyses of transformed cell DNA demonstrated that the polybrene-DMSO procedure led to the stable integration of relatively few copies of the marker gene in each transformant; the actual number varied from 1-3 to 10-15 per host genome, depending on the concentration of pSV2neo DNA added. The potential for the adaptation of this DNA transfection procedure for general use with other mammalian cell types, as well as its technical strengths and weaknesses, is discussed. PMID- 3162337 TI - Mitochondrial chloramphenicol-resistant mutants can have deficiencies in energy metabolism. AB - Three pairs of mouse CAP-R PYR-IND OLI-R mitochondrial mutants, and the corresponding CAP-S parental lines, were assayed to determine if cellular expression of these phenotypes was accompanied by changes in cellular energy metabolism: glycolysis, cellular respiration, citric acid cycle activity, and mitochondrial electron transport. Relative to its parental CAP-S line, the SVT2 CAP-R mutant had no significant deficiencies in any of the pathways analyzed. In contrast, the LA9 and SVA31 CAP-R mutants showed significant reductions in cellular respiration. At the biochemical level, respiration deficiency was accompanied by derangements in mitochondrial electron transport. It was also found that the CAP-R mutants had very high levels of glycolysis when the cells were maintained in the presence of chloramphenicol. The possibility is discussed that the sequence changes in the mitochondrial large rRNA gene which determine chloramphenicol resistance can also result, at least in some cases, in reduced levels of mitochondrial biogenesis, leading to respiration deficiency. The PYR IND and OLI-R phenotypes, which also appear to be encoded by the CAP-R mutations, may result from a compensatory increase in glycolysis-generated ATP or metabolic intermediates. PMID- 3162338 TI - Mapping of gene encoding mouse placental alkaline phosphatase to chromosome 4. AB - The gene encoding the mouse placental alkaline phosphatase (ALP; orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase, alkaline optimum, EC 3.1.3.1) is mapped to chromosome 4, based on Southern blot hybridization of the mouse cDNA with DNAs from mouse Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. This assignment is consistent with the genetic analysis of the Akp-2 locus, which is responsible for the genetic variation of alkaline phosphatase enzyme in placenta as well as in liver, kidney, and bone. PMID- 3162339 TI - Structural gene encoding human factor XII is located at 5q33-qter. AB - The gene encoding human factor XII (F12) or Hageman factor has been mapped to 5q33-qter. This has been achieved by analyzing the results obtained from hybridizing a cloned fragment from the factor XII gene to a panel of human hamster somatic cell hybrid DNAs and also by in situ hybridization to normal human metaphase cells. The previously reported results localizing F12 to 6p23 are discussed. PMID- 3162340 TI - Fine specificity and idiotype diversity of the murine anti-HLA-A2, A28 monoclonal antibodies CR11-351 and KS1. AB - The monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) CR11-351 and KS1 are secreted by hybridomas generated with splenocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with the cultured human B lymphoid cells LG-2 (HLA-A2,A2,B27,B27). The 2 monoclonal antibodies immunoprecipitated components with a superimposable 2-dimensional gel electrophoretic profile from the cultured B lymphoid cells LG-2 and inhibited the cytotoxicity of the anti-HLA-A2,A28 T cell clone MI#3 to a similar extent. In crossinhibition experiments, the MoAb CR11-351 and KS1 completely inhibited the binding of each other to lymphoid cells with the appropriate HLA phenotype. Testing with a panel of HLA-typed lymphoid cells showed that the MoAb CR11-351 and KS1 display the same serologic specificity, since both of them react with HLA A2 and/or A28 antigens bearing cells. The 2 monoclonal antibodies recognize distinct, although spatially close, determinants, since only the MoAb CR11-351 displays differential reactivity with HLA-A2 variant cell lines and reacts with HLA-A9 bearing B lymphoid cells. Analysis of MoAb CR11-351 and KS1 with syngeneic polyclonal and monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies detected no sharing of idiotopes between the 2 monoclonal antibodies. In view of their reactivity with distinct determinants, these results are in agreement with the concept that the antigenic specificity of an antibody controls at least in part the expression of its idiotypes. PMID- 3162342 TI - Colorectal carcinoma: frequency of location. PMID- 3162341 TI - HLA-Cw4 association with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Sicilian patients. AB - The HLA frequencies of 50 Sicilian patients affected with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were examined. The frequency of Cw4 antigen was significantly increased in patients. Thus results obtained in our homogeneous population confirm in part previous reports suggesting that Cw4-related genetic factors might be involved in the susceptibility to aetiological or pathogenetic mechanisms which play a role in some haematological malignancies. PMID- 3162343 TI - Perforated duodenal diverticulitis. PMID- 3162344 TI - Concerning AIDS. PMID- 3162345 TI - Acute ileotyphlitis as presenting manifestation of acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - A case of acute myelogenous leukemia is reported in a child who presented with acute ileotyphlitis and died of an over-whelming Clostridium septicum sepsis before the chemotherapy was administered. The pathogenesis of acute ileotyphlitis, especially the role of granulocytopenia is discussed. PMID- 3162346 TI - Clonal trisomy 8 is associated with myeloid phenotype rather than the neoplastic transformation in acute leukemia. AB - Our studies of an acute leukemia with a clonal t(1;11) marker have demonstrated a conversion from pre-B cell to myelomonocytic phenotype associated with the acquisition of trisomy 8. This finding suggests that trisomy 8, a frequent clonal abnormality in acute myeloid leukemias, may be associated with the myeloid phenotype rather than the neoplastic transformation. A permanent myelomonocytic cell line, designated UF-SK1, has been established from leukemic cells with a 47,XX,+8,t(1;11) (p31;q25) karyotype and shown to have myelomonocytic characteristics, including phorbol ester-induced differentiation to macrophages. This new cell line will be a valuable tool in the study of leukemogenesis and lineage commitment. PMID- 3162347 TI - Daunorubicin in patients with relapsed and refractory acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia previously treated with anthracycline. AB - While the efficacy of daunorubicin (DNR) in first induction of patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) has been well documented, little data are available concerning the activity of DNR in patients with relapsed and refractory ANLL previously treated with anthracycline. We administered DNR (60 mg/m2/day for 3-5 days) in 21 patients with relapsed (n = 12) or refractory (n = 9) ANLL previously treated with anthracycline. The general response rate was 48%, with a complete response (CR) rate of 38%. Five of 12 patients with relapsed ANLL and 3 of 9 patients with refractory ANLL achieved CR. Among these cases with CR in refractory ANLL, the evolution of one patient is particularly illustrative since he had received previously a large cumulative dose of anthracycline (540 mg/m2) and has been shown to be refractory to high-dose cytosine arabinoside. This study suggests that previous administration of DNR or adriamycin does not induce significant resistance to anthracycline: DNR appears to be almost as efficient in patients with relapsed and refractory ANLL previously treated with anthracycline as in first induction. PMID- 3162348 TI - Efficient computations in multilocus linkage analysis. AB - This paper describes efficient methods for likelihood calculations and maximum likelihood estimation in multilocus linkage analysis of reference families and general disease pedigrees, and it documents their performance as implemented in the LINKAGE programs. This information should be of considerable value in determining computing needs for linkage investigations, and in evaluating the merits of alternative algorithms. PMID- 3162349 TI - Caring for patients with acute myelocytic leukemia. PMID- 3162350 TI - Follicular development is impaired by inhibitors of serine proteases in the rat. AB - Serine proteases such as plasminogen activators are produced by granulosa cells both in vivo and in vitro and have been implicated in the process of ovulation. For a study of potential roles of serine proteases in early follicular development, immature rats were injected with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin, followed 2 hours later by laparotomy and injection of the serine protease inhibitors benzamidine and epsilon-aminocaproic acid into the bursa of one ovary. As a control, saline solution was injected into the contralateral bursa. Animals were put to death 48 hours after injection of serine protease inhibitors, and three to five randomly selected longitudinal sections were evaluated by computerized morphometry. The area occupied by antral follicles relative to the total cross-sectional area of each section was computed. Resultant ratios from serine protease inhibitor-treated ovaries were compared with those from contralateral control ovaries. Ninety-three percent of serine protease inhibitor treated ovaries showed a reduction in antral follicular size when compared with corresponding control ovaries, which is indicative of inhibitory effects of serine protease inhibitor treatment on folliculogenesis. To further investigate this effect, ovulation was induced by human chorionic gonadotropin administration 48 hours after pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and 46 hours after serine protease inhibitor or saline solution treatment. Animals were put to death 20 hours later and the number of oocytes ovulated into oviducts was determined. Oviducts from serine protease inhibitor-treated ovaries contained 51% fewer oocytes than their control counterparts. Artifacts of surgical stress or vascular diffusion of serine protease inhibitor from treated to control sides were ruled out by appropriate control experiments. We conclude that early serine protease inhibitor treatment of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin-stimulated rat ovaries impairs folliculogenesis. Thus, in addition to involvement in ovulation, serine proteases appear to play important roles throughout follicular development. PMID- 3162351 TI - Active management of premature rupture of membranes and unfavorable cervix in term and near-term pregnancy. PMID- 3162353 TI - Modulation of tight junction formation in clone 4 MDCK cells by fatty acid supplementation. AB - Clone 4 MDCK cells, which generate a transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) of greater than 2,000 omega.cm2, were used to examine the role of membrane lipids in the barrier function of tight junctions. Phospholipid acyl groups were modified by supplementing cells grown in serum-free medium with 18:1(n-9), 18:3(n 3), or 18:3(n-6) complexed to albumin. Although both of these polyunsaturated fatty acids depress the melting point of membrane phospholipids, only 18:3(n-6) contributes significantly to eicosanoid production. Saturation indices of the phospholipids of cells supplemented with albumin alone, 18:1(n-9), 18:3(n-3), or 18:3(n-6) were 0.77, 0.78, 1.81, and 1.65, respectively. After trypsinization or removal of Ca2+, cells supplemented with 18:3(n-6) required longer periods of time to reestablish TER than did nonsupplemented cells or those incubated with 18:3(n-3) or 18:1(n-9). In contrast to MDCK strains I and II, clone 4 MDCK cells required continuous protein synthesis not only to reseal preexisting junctions after the addition of Ca2+ to Ca2+-depleted monolayers, but also to maintain steady-state TER. The rate of decay of TER in the presence of 1 microgram/ml of cycloheximide was 1.5 times greater in cells supplemented with either of the two 18:3 isomers than it was in nonsupplemented controls or in cells supplemented with 18:1(n-9). No significant difference was observed in the steady-state TER or selectivity of the tight junctions after fatty acid supplementation. These results suggest that there is a change in the dynamics of junction formation, rather than an alteration in their intrinsic properties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3162352 TI - Prostaglandin E2 is an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase in rabbit proximal tubule. AB - Prostaglandin E1 and E2 (PGE) antagonize the phosphaturic effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH), but do not alter the phosphaturia evoked by adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) analogues. These findings support the idea that PGE interfere with activation of adenylate cyclase in the renal proximal tubule. We tested this hypothesis in the rabbit renal proximal straight tubule (PST). In the PST, adenylate cyclase was activated by PTH (Km = 10(-9) M PTH), but not by PGE2, which attenuated the activation of adenylate cyclase by PTH. The inhibition by PGE2 of PTH action was prevented by pertussis toxin, which deactivates the regulatory aggregate, Ni. In the PST, PGE2 also attenuated the activation of adenylate cyclase by cholera toxin. The inhibitory effect of PGE2 was selective; PGE2 did not inhibit activation of adenylate cyclase in glomeruli, but it inhibited the enzyme in proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and PST. We conclude that PGE2 inhibits adenylate cyclase in rabbit proximal tubule. We propose that this action may, in part, regulate transport function in vivo. PMID- 3162355 TI - Behaviors and attitudes related to eating disorders in homosexual male college students. AB - To investigate whether homosexuality predisposes males to eating disorders, the authors studied 48 nonpatient homosexual male students at UCLA. The homosexual men had higher prevalences of binge-eating problems, of feeling fat in spite of others' perceptions, of feeling terrified of being fat, and of having used diuretics than other male students. They also scored higher on the Eating Disorders Inventory scales for drive for thinness, interoceptive awareness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction, maturity fears, and ineffectiveness. One of the 48 homosexual men and one of the 300 comparison group men met criteria for probable past histories of eating disorders. PMID- 3162354 TI - Prostanoids in renal failure induced by converting enzyme inhibition in sodium depleted rats. AB - Clearances of inulin (CIn) and p-aminohippurate (CPAH) were measured in four groups of rats before and after intravenous administration of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA): 1) controls, on normal Na intake, 2) captopril-treated (30 mg.kg 1.day-1) on normal Na intake, 3) Na depleted, and 4) Na depleted, captopril treated. In Na-depleted animals, CIn and CPAH were similar to controls but decreased significantly with ASA. In Na-depleted, captopril-treated rats, CPAH was slightly decreased, but CIn was significantly reduced (P less than 0.01). Both were not affected by ASA. Urine output was unchanged and the kidneys appeared normal on histological examination. The production of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2), F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) was measured in isolated glomeruli, cortical tubule suspensions, and medullary and papillary slices. Captopril increased PGE2 production by glomeruli and PGF2 alpha and TxB2 synthesis in papillary slices. Na depletion selectively enhanced the production of PGE2 by glomeruli and papillae. In contrast, the synthesis of prostanoids was significantly decreased in captopril-treated, Na-depleted rats. These findings suggest that in this model, functional nonoliguric renal failure may be related to abnormalities of prostanoid synthesis. PMID- 3162356 TI - Health insurance and AIDS: the status of state regulatory activity. AB - Information collected by the National Gay Rights Advocates in 1986 and by the authors in the spring of 1987 was used to determine the extent to which the states currently regulate the practices of the health insurance industry specific to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Of the 10 states reporting the greatest number of AIDS cases, six prohibit insurers form denying coverage to group policy applicants because of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. These findings refer only to the status of state regulatory activity specific to AIDS. PMID- 3162358 TI - Cefotetan and hypoprothrombinemia. PMID- 3162357 TI - Effects of HIV antibody test knowledge on subsequent sexual behaviors in a cohort of homosexually active men. AB - This study assesses the effects of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) antibody testing on subsequent (one year) sexual behavior among 270 homosexual men at a Boston community health center, 21 per cent of whom were unaware of their test result. Except for the number of steady partners, the levels of all sexual activities of all groups of study participants declined over time. No effects of test awareness of antibody status were found on protective behavior for receptive anogenital contact. Elimination of unprotected insertive anogenital contact (by elimination of the practice or by condom use) was reported somewhat more often among seropositive men who became aware of their test result. Increased negative emotional reactions were reported by HIV seropositive men who were aware of their test result. These results suggest some behavioral impact of HIV antibody test knowledge in this cohort, but may not be generalizable to other populations. PMID- 3162359 TI - Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-related polyneuropathy with 3'-azido 2',3'-dideoxythymidine. AB - A 72-year-old woman with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related axonal polyradiculoneuropathy of the lower extremities was treated with 3'-azido-2',3' dideoxythymidine (AZT), 250 mg every 4 hours. Before therapy she had rapidly progressive weakness in both legs and when treatment began she could move only her toes. Six weeks after therapy, there was mild improvement in her strength, which peaked 2 months later. At her best, she was able to lift her leg 30 degrees off the bed and stand with assistance. Improvement, which was also demonstrated electrophysiologically, was short lived and partially declined when AZT was discontinued. This case demonstrates that some patients with HIV-related axonal neuropathies even in advanced stages can show objective signs of improvement when given AZT. A systematic trial with AZT in the treatment of patients with HIV related polyneuropathies is therefore warranted. PMID- 3162360 TI - Effect of protein binding on drug penetration into blister fluid. AB - The effect of protein binding on drug penetration into blister fluid was evaluated by using cefonicid, ceftizoxime, and cefotaxime. Drug concentrations in a chamber with a high surface area/volume ratio (i.e., paper disk) follow changes in serum more closely than do those in a chamber with a low surface area/volume ratio. Both the area under the concentration-time curve ratio and the concentration ratio (by the disk method) for cefonicid were statistically lower than the ratios for ceftizoxime and cefotaxime. The high degree of protein binding of cefonicid results in the availability of less drug for diffusion to blister fluid than with the low-protein-binding ceftizoxime and cefotaxime. PMID- 3162361 TI - Centralisation of treatment and survival rates for cancer. AB - Between 1977 and 1984 the proportion of children with malignant disease in Britain initially referred to specialist paediatric oncology centres increased from 44% to 71%. The percentage varied considerably with type of disease and region of residence. Children with acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia, non Hodgkin's lymphoma, Ewing's tumour, rhabdomyosarcoma, and (during 1981-84) osteosarcoma treated at paediatric oncology centres had significantly higher survival rates than those treated elsewhere. Children with cancer should be referred to specialist centres so that they may benefit as early as possible from the latest advances in treatment. PMID- 3162362 TI - Hypoprothrombinemia and bleeding diathesis associated with cefotetan therapy in surgical patients. PMID- 3162363 TI - Identification of novel proteins synthesized in bone cells by antibody screening of a cDNA expression library. AB - Novel proteins synthesize predominantly in bone have been identified by antibody screening of bone cell cDNA expression libraries. Two unique cDNAs were identified whose structures do not match any known nucleic acid or protein sequence in the NIH computer bank. The first cDNA clone, BP-I, encoded a mRNA of 2300 bases in size which was expressed at high levels in 17/2.8 rat osteosarcoma cells, rat calvarial bone cells and placenta. A second clone, BP-II, encoded a mRNA of 1500 bases which was expressed at high levels in 17/2.8 osteosarcoma cells and in salivary gland. Expression of both mRNAs in osteosarcoma cells was modulated by the calciotropic hormone, vitamin D. Southern blot analyses indicated that the two cDNAs represented distinct, single copy genes in the rat genome. These novel gene products may serve as potential new markers to study bone turnover in metabolic bone disease. PMID- 3162364 TI - Tenderness in 75 anatomic sites. Distinguishing fibromyalgia patients from controls. AB - We studied tenderness at 75 unilateral anatomic locations in 10 fibromyalgia patients and 10 normal control subjects to determine which sites best identified patients with fibromyalgia. Using a dolorimeter, the mean amount of pressure required to elicit tenderness was significantly lower in patients than in controls at 19 sites (P less than 0.001). Of the previously proposed tender points, only 2 were included in those 19 best discriminating points. Fifteen of the 19 best discriminating points were clustered in regions around the anterior shoulder, anterior chest, posterior scapula, and medial knee. The 19 sites that we have identified best separate patients with fibromyalgia from controls, although the discriminating power of these sites in other chronic pain syndromes will require further study. Examination of specific regions may be more useful clinically than the exact anatomic sites within these regions. PMID- 3162365 TI - Stimulation of rabbit synoviocyte prostaglandin E2 synthesis by lipopolysaccharides and their subunit structures. AB - Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induce synoviocyte activation and may lead to destruction of synovial joint tissues. We assessed the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as a measure of synoviocyte activation by LPS and their subunit structures. Diphosphoryl lipid A was the smallest portion of lipid A tested that stimulated PGE2 production. The polysaccharide fraction of LPS, containing the O antigen, was also active. Intraarticular injections of the polysaccharide resulted in a synovitis very similar to that found in association with the intact LPS molecule. These observations suggest that both parts of LPS might be involved in gram-negative, organism-associated synovitis. PMID- 3162366 TI - Stimulation of prostaglandin release by Ca2+-mobilizing agents from the perfused rat liver. A comparative study on the action of ATP, UTP, phenylephrine, vasopressin and nerve stimulation. AB - Several Ca2+-mobilizing agents were tested for their potential to elicit the net release of prostaglandins from the isolated perfused rat liver. Among these ATP and UTP only led to an efficient stimulation of PGD2 and PGE2 synthesis. 20 microM ATP or 20 microM UTP increased the release of PGD2 8-fold and that of PGE2 2 to 3-fold. In total, at least 40 times more PGD2 than PGE2 left the liver after stimulation. The time course of prostaglandin release was similar for both nucleotides. Vasopressin had almost no effect on the release of both prostaglandins and on portal vein pressure. But phenylephrine and nerve stimulation while raising the PGD2 efflux only slightly caused an elevation of PGE2 outflow and portal pressure. PMID- 3162367 TI - Zona pellucida-binding and fucose-binding of boar sperm acrosin is not correlated with proteolytic activity. AB - The major fucose-binding protein of 53 kDa was isolated from boar spermatozoa by mild detergent extraction and subsequent high-performance gel filtration and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. This protein has been identified as high-molecular-mass acrosin by N-terminal sequencing. Treatment of the isolated protein with diisopropyl fluorophosphate abolishes the enzymatic activity but not the zona pellucida- and fucose-binding properties. Mercaptolysis and S-pyridyl-ethylation of native two-chain acrosin followed by HPLC and SDS PAGE revealed that the binding properties are located on the acrosin heavy chain. PMID- 3162369 TI - 'Complications of pin placement. A survey of 429 cases'. PMID- 3162368 TI - [Skin pathology of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy]. PMID- 3162371 TI - The Australian Trench. PMID- 3162370 TI - 'Workshop on the Provision of Dentures'. PMID- 3162372 TI - 'A comparison of bitewing radiography and interdental transillumination as adjuncts to the clinical identification of approximal caries in posterior teeth'. PMID- 3162373 TI - The effect of ultrasonic cleansing and autoclaving on tungsten carbide burs. PMID- 3162374 TI - Cherubism: a report of a case with an unusual post-extraction complication. PMID- 3162375 TI - Vocational training--the contract. PMID- 3162376 TI - Sugar in crisps, nuts and savoury snacks. PMID- 3162378 TI - Electron-microscopic characterization of mixed granulated (hybridoid) leucocytes of chronic myeloid leukaemia. AB - In chronic granulocytic leukaemia, hybridoid leucocytes can regularly be found. Light microscopically they contain a mixture of eosinophilic, basophilic and naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase-positive granules. The present study was done to clarify the ultrastructural composition of these cells. It could be clearly shown that in some leukaemic granulocytes primary and secondary eosinophilic as well as basophilic granules occur side by side. There were also basophils with additional tissue mast cell granules. Since normal mast cell granules as well as granules of normal eosinophilic promyelocytes are naphthol AS D chloroacetate esterase-positive, it would appear possible that mastocytoid as well as primary eosinophilic granules within the leukaemic basophils are responsible for the atypical, granular naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase positivity of these cells. The existence in chronic myeloid leukaemia both of mixed basophilic and eosinophilic granulated leucocytes and of mixed basophilic and mastocytoid granulated leucocytes may suggest a common myeloid precursor of eosinophils, basophils and tissue mast cells. In addition, the hybridoid granulocytes may be considered an expression of a neoplasia-related lineage infidelity. PMID- 3162379 TI - Refined chromosome study helps define prognostic subgroups in most patients with primary myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukaemia. AB - Based on a 6 1/2-year study of 284 consecutive adult patients with primary myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and and acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML), we have found that refined chromosome analysis can be used as an independent prognostic indicator in the great majority of patients with MDS and AML. In MDS, the FAB subtype was also found to have prognostic value and this was enhanced when the chromosomal findings were taken into consideration. In AML, the age of the patient correlated more closely with the chromosomal changes in predicting prognosis in most patients than did the FAB classification. Previously we reported that refined chromosome analysis of bone marrow specimens from 161 adult patients with primary or non-therapy related MDS and AML identified three prognostic chromosomal categories in each disease, representing 40% of all patients (Yunis et al, 1984, 1986). By extending our study to 284 patients, as well as a longer follow-up, it was possible to determine the prognostic implications of two additional chromosomal categories in MDS and five in AML. Since 73% of all patients are now represented in well-defined chromosomal subgroups with prognostic significance, refined chromosome analysis emerges as a tool that could have considerable impact in protocols. PMID- 3162377 TI - Alveolar hydatid cyst induced amyloid enhancing factor (AEF): physicochemical properties and abolition of AEF activity by serine protease inhibitors. AB - Cell free supernatants prepared from amyloidotic liver, unfractionated and fractionated peritoneal and spleen cells from casein stimulated (16 h post injection) or alveolar hydatid cyst-infected (7 or 12 weeks post-infection, p. i.) C57BL/6J mice were used to assess amyloid enhancing factor (AEF) activity and to determine its cell-source and physicochemical properties. Of the various supernatants used, the plastic adherent spleen cell lysate (95% macrophages) from 7 weeks p.i mice showed greater AEF activity, on a cell to cell basis, than the lysates prepared from whole spleen cells, peritoneal exudate cells or nonadherent (96% lymphocytes) spleen cells. Culture supernatants obtained from Con A, LPS or the parasite antigen stimulated amyloidotic spleen cells but not the normal mouse spleen cells contained AEF activity; the supernatant from unstimulated amyloidotic spleen cells was negative for AEF activity. AEF was precipitated with 25% and 50% saturation with (NH4)2SO4 and after gel-filtration the low molecular weight fraction contained the AEF activity which on SDS-PAGE resolved into three peptides ranging between mol. wts 15,000 and 31,000. Of the various specific and nonspecific protease inhibitors tested, AEF activity was completely abolished by 30 min preincubation with 10 mM phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride. Taken together, these results indicate that AEF may be a small molecular weight lysosomal neutral protease of neutrophil/macrophage origin. PMID- 3162380 TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia occurring 6 years after treatment of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3162381 TI - Rearrangement of the bcr gene in chronic myelogenous leukaemia with T lymphoblastic and megakaryoblastic mixed crisis. PMID- 3162382 TI - Prothrombin activation on phospholipid membranes with positive electrostatic potential. AB - The conversion of prothrombin into thrombin, which is a crucial reaction in hemostatic plug formation, is greatly stimulated by phospholipids plus calcium ions. It has been proposed that phospholipid surfaces which promote blood coagulation should have a negative surface charge [Bangham, A. D. (1961) Nature (London) 192, 1197-1198]. However, the experiments that led to this proposal were carried out with one kind of anionic phospholipid (dicetyl phosphate). Here we report that membranes, which contain phosphatidylserine (PS) as the anionic phospholipid, can be made positively charged by incorporation of stearylamine and still exhibit almost full procoagulant and prothrombin-converting activity. This suggests that electrostatic forces contribute negligibly to the binding of coagulation factors to PS-containing membranes. Introduction of stearylamine in membranes containing phosphatidyl-beta-lactate (PLac) causes considerable inhibition of their prothrombin-converting activity. Since PLac and PS only differ by the presence of an amino group in the polar head group, the much higher procoagulant activity of PS-containing vesicles is indicative of an important function of the amino group of PS in the interaction with coagulation factors. We propose that the association of coagulation factors with PS-containing membranes results from complex formation between Ca2+ ions and ligands supplied by the protein and by PS molecules. The ability to form such a complex may well explain why cell membranes with PS have such excellent procoagulant properties. PMID- 3162383 TI - Primary structure homologies between two zinc metallopeptidases, the neutral endopeptidase 24.11 ("enkephalinase") and thermolysin, through clustering analysis. AB - Analogies in the sequences of two related zinc metallopeptidases, the bacterial thermolysin (316 amino acids) and the recently cloned neutral endopeptidase 24.11 ("enkephalinase", 749 amino acids), have been demonstrated by a hydrophobic cluster analysis method derived from the Lim theory. Two sequence alignments are proposed for the entire primary structure of thermolysin and the C-terminal part of endopeptidase 24.11. Except for an arginine residue, all the amino acids involved in the active site of thermolysin have been retrieved in both models of endopeptidase 24.11 within conserved clustered structures. The first model is characterized by a deletion of the Ca2+-binding coil present in thermolysin and the second by replacement of this coil by two alpha-helices. In both models an Arg residue can be located in the active site of the neutral endopeptidase. PMID- 3162384 TI - Substrate-related potent inhibitors of brain metalloendopeptidase. AB - Rat brain metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.15) generates Leu- and Met-enkephalin from several larger opioid peptides and is capable of degrading a number of neuropeptides. Substrate-related N-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl) peptide derivatives were synthesized and tested for enzyme inhibition. The best of these derivatives, N-[1(RS)-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-Ala-Ala-Tyr-p-aminobenzoate, inhibited the enzyme in a competitive manner with a Ki of 16 nM. The data indicate that the carboxyl group of the N-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl) moiety coordinates with the active site zinc atom and that the remaining part of the inhibitor is necessary for interaction with the substrate recognition site of the enzyme. Replacement of the 1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl group by a carboxymethyl group decreased the inhibitory potency by more than 3 orders of magnitude, emphasizing the importance of the hydrophobic phenyl group for inhibitor binding to a hydrophobic pocket at the S1 subsite. Replacement of the Tyr residue by an Ala residue decreased the inhibitory potency by more than 20-fold. Changes in the structure of the residue interacting with the S1' subsite could cause a more than 60-fold change in inhibition. The inhibitors were either ineffective or only weakly inhibitory against membrane-bound metalloendopeptidase ("enkephalinase", EC 3.4.24.11), an enzyme highly active in rabbit kidney but also present in brain. The data indicate the presence of an extended binding site in the enzyme with residues interacting with S1, S1', and S3' subsites largely determining inhibitor binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3162385 TI - Effect of transforming growth factor beta on cell proliferation and glycosaminoglycan synthesis by rabbit growth-plate chondrocytes in culture. AB - The effects of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) on the growth and glycosaminoglycan synthesis of rabbit growth plate-chondrocytes in culture were studied. In serum-free medium, TGF-beta caused dose-dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis by chondrocytes, measured as [3H]thymidine incorporation (ED50 = 0.1 0.3 ng/ml). The inhibitory effect was maximal at a dose of 1 ng/ml, and extended for a duration of 16-42 h. In contrast, TGF-beta potentiated the synthesis of DNA stimulated by fetal calf serum (FCS). Addition of TGF-beta (1 ng/ml) to cultures containing 10% FCS increased [3H]thymidine incorporation to 1.6-times that in cultures with 10% FCS alone. Consistent with this finding, TGF-beta potentiated DNA synthesis stimulated by the purified growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). The maximal stimulation of DNA synthesis by FGF (0.4 ng/ml) was further potentiated dose dependently by TGF-beta (ED50 = 0.1 ng/ml, maximum at 1 ng/ml). When the cultures were treated with the optimal concentrations of TGF-beta (1 ng/ml) and FGF (0.4 ng/ml), [3H]thymidine incorporation was 3-times higher than that of cultures treated with FGF alone. This TGF-beta-induced potentiation of DNA synthesis was associated with replication of chondrocytes, as shown by a marked increase in the amount of DNA during treatment of sparse cultures of the cells with the growth factors for 5 days. In contrast, TGF-beta caused dose dependent stimulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in confluent cultures of growth-plate chondrocytes (ED50 = 0.3 ng/ml, maximum at 1 ng/ml). This stimulatory effect of TGF-beta was greater than that of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) or PDGF. Furthermore, TGF-beta stimulated glycosaminoglycan synthesis additively with IGF-I or PDGF. Recently, it has been suggested that bone and articular cartilage are rich sources of TGF-beta, whereas epiphyseal growth cartilage is not. Thus, the present data indicate that TGF-beta may be important in bone formation by modulating growth and phenotypic expression of chondrocytes in the growth plate, possibly via a paracrine mechanism. PMID- 3162386 TI - [Levels of prostaglandin E1 and F2 alpha in the dynamics of toxic-infectious shock induced by Yersinia pestis]. AB - Murine toxin of Yersinia pestis when injected in the rat tail vein (LD50) caused pronounced alterations in PGE1 and PGF2 alpha content in different tissues (lung, heart, spleen, liver, kidney, small intestine) and blood. Heat-inactivated toxin has been shown to have the same effects as the intact toxin preparation. The changes in PG content are, probably, due to the lipopolysaccharide component of both preparations. The differences in metabolic effects between Yersinia pestis endotoxin and lipopolysaccharides of other Gram-negative bacteria are discussed. PMID- 3162388 TI - The short arm of chromosome 6 is nonrandomly rearranged in secondary myelodysplastic syndromes. AB - Eight patients with a myelodysplastic syndrome showed a structural rearrangement of the short arm of chromosome #6 involving the distal segment 6p22----6pter. In four cases the myelodysplastic disorder appeared after treatment with chemo- and/or radiotherapy. Cytogenetically, the 6p anomaly was consistently associated with abnormalities of chromosome #5 and/or #7 in seven of eight cases. We believe we identified a new site on 6p that is nonrandomly involved in iatrogenically and possibly also environmentally induced malignant hematologic disorders. PMID- 3162389 TI - Trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 1 in patients with hematologic malignancies and solid tumors: report of six cases. AB - Complete or partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome #1 was observed in six patients with malignant disorders. Four patients suffered from hematologic diseases (two cases of refractory anemia with excess of blasts and one case each of acute myeloblastic leukemia and Burkitt lymphoma), and two had solid tumors (retinoblastoma and Ewing's sarcoma). In all cases the excess material included the distal part of chromosome #1. Such material was translocated to chromosomes #16 (three patients), #3, #9, and Y (one patient each), and this was accompanied by additional cytogenetic changes in five of the six patients. The present and other previously published observations support the hypothesis of the localization of genes responsible for malignant growth in the distal segments of chromosome #1. PMID- 3162390 TI - Heterochromatic variants and their association with neoplasias: IV. Colon adenomas and carcinomas. AB - C-band polymorphisms in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 62 patients (33 with colon adenomas and 29 with colon carcinomas) were studied. A significant difference in the frequency of heterochromatic variants in chromosomes #1 in both colon adenoma (56%) and carcinoma (67%) with respect to controls (18%) was observed (p less than 0.001). The heterochromatic variants preferentially involved in both pathologies were inv(1), 1qh-, and inv(9), compared with controls. No differences were found between colon adenomas and carcinomas. We suggest that 1qh- and inv(1) variants are important heterochromatic changes in neoplasia. PMID- 3162387 TI - A possible role of airway epithelium in modulating hyperresponsiveness. AB - 1. In order to examine the role of airway epithelium in the responsiveness of smooth muscle in man, we measured the contractile responses to acetylcholine (ACh), histamine, and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and the relaxation response to isoprenaline (Isop), in 48 bronchi obtained from 10 patients who received surgery. Responses were measured in the presence and absence of the epithelium. 2. Removal of epithelium (by rubbing the mucosa gently with forceps) significantly increased the contractile responses evoked by ACh, histamine and PGF2 alpha. 3. In contrast, removal of epithelium did not alter the relaxation response to Isop. 4. To clarify the mechanism underlying this epithelial inhibitory effect on smooth muscle contraction, we measured the contractile responses of dog trachea with the epithelium removed to increasing concentrations of ACh. After measuring the control response, we added about 0.1 g of the chopped epithelium in the organ chamber, and measured the response again. 5. After adding airway epithelium and incubating with tracheal strips, the contractile response of tracheal strips decreased significantly as compared to the control response. 6. These results show that airway epithelium possesses the ability to decrease the smooth muscle contraction to ACh, histamine and PGF2 alpha in man and dogs. 7. The mechanism of this inhibitory effect of the airway epithelium is not explained by a change in mechanical property of the airway nor the change in diffusion of these drugs to the smooth muscle across the epithelium. Thus, these results suggest that airway epithelium may have an important role in modulating smooth muscle tone, possibly by inactivation of these mediators, or by releasing an epithelium-derived relaxing factor. PMID- 3162391 TI - Heterochromatic variants and their association with neoplasias: V. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - A study of heterochromatic regions in chromosomes #1, #9, and #16 was performed on lymphocytes of peripheral blood from 55 normal individuals and 50 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Heteromorphism was present in 90% of the NHL patients, compared with 44% in normal individuals (p less than 0.001). An increase of inv(1), 1qh-, and 9qh-variants was observed in malignant lymphoma patients with respect to controls. PMID- 3162392 TI - A t (11;21) (13;q22) in Ph-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - Reciprocal translocations, in addition to that of the Ph chromosome, though rare, have been reported in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). We describe here a case of Ph-positive CML with a new translocation, t (11;21) (q13;q22), and missing Y, which were present both during transformation to the blastic crisis and in the subsequent reversion to the chronic phase. The possible significance of this abnormality is discussed. PMID- 3162393 TI - Translocation t (8;21) associated with marked granulocytic hyperplasia. AB - A 16-year-old boy with leukemia had a marked leucocytosis (165 x 10(9)/L) at presentation. The large number of neutrophils, myelocytes, and metamyelocytes and negative leucocyte alkaline phosphatase reaction raised the possibility of chronic myeloid leukemia. Cytogenetic analysis showed a deletion of chromosome 7, a t (8;21), a missing Y chromosome, and, in some cells, duplication of the der(21). The Philadelphia chromosome was not detected, nor was the breakpoint cluster region of chromosome 22 found to be rearranged. Myeloid leukemia with t (8;21) can therefore be associated with a greater degree of granulocytic hyperplasia than has so far been apparent, and cytogenetic analysis in this case has been crucial in distinguishing leukemia types. PMID- 3162394 TI - Cytogenetic studies in 50 meningiomas. AB - In a series of 50 meningiomas, cytogenetic studies showed that almost half had a normal diploid karyotype. The remainder had monosomy 22, some with a normal diploid line also present. The initial monosomy was often followed by further chromosome loss, and occasionally by structural abnormalities, some with distinctive characteristics. Chromosomes most often involved in structural rearrangements were 1, 14, 10, and 19, and those most often lost were 17 and Y. The type of chromosome abnormalities seen were similar to those described for senescent human cell cultures, which suggests that common chromosomal mechanisms may be operative in benign tumors and senescent cells. Although meningiomas occur more commonly in females, the chromosomally abnormal tumors are distributed evenly between males and females. Within the group of tumors with structural chromosomal abnormality, there seems to be a bias toward meningotheliomatous histology, but otherwise the karyotype changes seen independent of the histologic type of tumor. PMID- 3162395 TI - Abnormal chromosome 16 in clonogenic eosinophils from a case of acute myeloid leukemia (FAB,M2). AB - A case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML, FAB M2) is described in which the leukemic karyotype showed several numerical and structural cytogenetic abnormalities including an abnormal chromosome 16 with breakpoint at band q22, monosomy for chromosomes 5 and 7, and a single pair of double minute chromosomes. There was no patient history of treatment for a previous malignancy or occupational exposure to mutagens. Bone marrow eosinophilia was seen at presentation for refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation and when AML was diagnosed. When bone marrow buffy coat cells were cultured in soft agar in the presence of colony stimulating factor, 19% of the colonies and 20% of the clusters were of eosinophils. Cytogenetic examination of pooled eosinophil colonies showed the marker chromosomes that identified the leukemic population. PMID- 3162396 TI - Cytogenetic, clinical, and cytologic characteristics of radiotherapy-related leukemias. AB - From 1978 to 1985, we observed eight cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia or preleukemia, three cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and three cases of chronic myeloid leukemia in patients previously treated exclusively with radiotherapy for other tumor types. The latent period from administration of radiotherapy to development of leukemia varied between 12 and 243 months. Clonal chromosome aberrations reported previously as characteristic of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia following therapy with alkylating agents were observed in three of the eight patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (5q- and -7) and in two of the three patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (-7 and 12p-). All three patients with radiotherapy-related chronic myeloid leukemia presented a t(9;22)(q34;q11). The results suggest that cytogenetic characteristics may reflect the etiology in radiation-induced acute leukemias, whereas radiation related chronic myeloid leukemia does not seem to differ chromosomally from de novo cases of the disease. PMID- 3162397 TI - Complex cytogenetic changes in Ph-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - A Ph-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with t(3;7)(q21;q32), t(4;9)(q21;q34), and del(8)(q22) is reported. This case is rather unusual for Ph negative CML in being associated with complex chromosome changes. The patient was diagnosed as in the accelerated phase of CML. It will be important to study this malignant disorder in detail cytogenetically and molecularly in order to ascertain its nature and place among the myeloproliferative disorders. PMID- 3162398 TI - Translocation 5;21 and interstitial deletion of chromosome 7 in a case of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. AB - We report a case of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with a translocation involving chromosome 5 and 21, namely, t(5;21)(q35.3;q22.1), and an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7. High-resolution analysis at the 900 band stage has shown that the lesion in chromosome 7 is an interstitial deletion involving loss of the segments q22-q35 of the long arm of chromosome 7 and retaining the telomere. PMID- 3162399 TI - Secondary leukemia with a translocation (8;21)? AB - The clinical features and cytogenetic changes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) developing 10 years after radiotherapy and chemotherapy (for osteosarcoma) are described. Features of both de novo AML [FAB M2 morphology, t(8;21), and "secondary leukemia" (additional cytogenetic changes, resistance to chemotherapy) were present. The importance of differentiation between primary and "therapy linked" disease, and the difficulties in making such a distinction, are discussed. PMID- 3162400 TI - Infantile acute leukemia with 11q23 chromosome abnormality and lineage infidelity. AB - An infant case of acute leukemia (AL) showed lineage infidelity and a chromosome rearrangement involving 11q23. This case was morphologically diagnosed as ALL-L2 according to the FAB classification. However, the blast cells were highly positive for monoclonal antimyeloid antigens (Mol and TG-8) and lymphoid markers (B1, J5 and TdT). These immunologic findings indicated that the blast cells had characteristics of lymphoid B-cell and myeloid lines. In the literature, so called "11q23 chromosome abnormalities," commonly observed in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) and in a subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with t(4;11) were observed in both lymphoid and myeloid acute leukemias, with some of them recently reported to have lineage infidelity. These unique characteristics may indicate the possibility that the latter is a variation of the former, and support the hypothesis that the chromosomal rearrangement at 11q23 occurs at a multipotent stem-cell level. PMID- 3162401 TI - Metabolism of hexamethylene bisacetamide and its metabolites in leukemic cells. AB - We investigated whether leukemic cell lines could convert hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) to any of the metabolites previously identified and quantified in the urine and plasma of patients treated with HMBA. After 5-7 days of incubation with 1-2 mM HMBA, HL60 human promyelocytic leukemic cells, L1210 and P388 murine lymphoblastic leukemic cells, and Friend murine erythroleukemia cells contained 4 of the previously identified metabolites of HMBA. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of N-acetyl-1,6 diaminohexane (NADAH), 1,6-diaminohexane (DAH), 6-acetamidohexanoic acid (AcHA), and 6-aminohexanoic acid (AmHA). Gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus selective detection was used to quantify cellular concentrations of each metabolite. Cellular concentrations of AmHA and DAH were greater than those of NADAH and AcHA but no concentration of a metabolite exceeded that of HMBA. Metabolites were not detected in media from cells incubated with HMBA. Friend murine erythroleukemia cells that were resistant to HMBA contained only HMBA and NADAH. Moreover, the concentrations of NADAH in Friend murine erythroleukemia cells that were resistant to HMBA were less than those in the other cell lines studied. HL60 cells accumulated HMBA rapidly. NADAH, DAH, AcHA, and AmHA appeared sequentially in HL60 cells that were incubated with HMBA. NADAH appeared very rapidly, but concentrations of DAH were greater than or equal to those of NADAH by 8 h. AcHA and AmHA were not detected in cells before 24-48 h of incubation with HMBA. HL60 cells incubated with individual HMBA metabolites were able to accumulate each compound and to interconvert some: cells incubated with NADAH also contained DAH, AcHA, and AmHA; cells incubated with AcHA also contained low concentrations of AmHA; cells incubated with DAH also contained AmHA; and cells incubated with AmHA contained no other HMBA metabolites. HMBA was not present in cells incubated with any of its known metabolites. These results document the ability of various leukemic cells to metabolize HMBA, indicate the unidirectional catabolism of that compound, and may have implications as to its mechanism of action. PMID- 3162402 TI - Therapeutic and pharmacological studies of tetrachloro(d,l-trans)1,2 diaminocyclohexane platinum (IV) (tetraplatin), a new platinum analogue. AB - Tetrachloro(d,l-trans)1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum (IV) (tetraplatin), a new platinum analogue, showed greater therapeutic efficacy after i.p. administration than either cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (cisplatin) or cis-diammine-1,1 cyclobutanedicarboxylate platinum (II) (carboplatin) in mice bearing i.p. implanted L1210 leukemia. At an optimal dose of 5.7 mg/kg/injection given as a single dose on days 1, 5, and 9, tetraplatin increased the median life span over controls by more than 566% with 5 of 8 long-term (50-day) survivors. In contrast, cisplatin at the same optimal dose increased survival by 186% with 2 of 8 long term survivors, and carboplatin at an optimal dose of 75.6 mg/kg/injection increased survival by only 120% with no long-term survivors. Tetraplatin also was more effective than cisplatin when treatment was delayed until days 3, 7, and 11 after i.p. implant. A combination of tetraplatin and Adriamycin in mice bearing i.p. implanted L1210 leukemia produced more long-term survivors over a wider range of doses than could be achieved with either drug alone. Tetraplatin at 5.7 mg/kg/injection and Adriamycin at 3 mg/kg/injection on days 1, 5, and 9 increased survival by more than 566% with 8 of 8 50-day survivors. Using the same treatment schedule, combinations of tetraplatin with either cisplatin, carboplatin, daunomycin, or 5-fluorouracil did not produce therapeutic efficacy greater than that seen with tetraplatin alone. The in vitro cellular uptake of platinum by L1210 cells at 37 degrees C was about 4-fold higher after exposure to tetraplatin compared to cisplatin following a 2-h incubation at the two concentrations examined (2.5 and 5 micrograms/ml). Comparative pharmacological studies were performed in rats at a single dose of 3 mg/kg i.v. The t1/2 beta for total platinum in plasma was 29.10 h (7.47 h for unbound platinum) after the administration of tetraplatin and 23.70 h (13.09 h for unbound platinum) after cisplatin. By 48 h the urinary excretion of platinum after tetraplatin and cisplatin was 30.1% and 41.4%, respectively. Tissue distribution of platinum was similar after either complex. Thus, tetraplatin has similar pharmacological properties to cisplatin and like cisplatin is a candidate for combination chemotherapy. However, tetraplatin may be superior to cisplatin in some therapeutic situations based on its greater efficacy against selected tumors. PMID- 3162403 TI - Effect of sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, amine hydrofluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate on the formation of precipitates adhering to bovine enamel. PMID- 3162405 TI - Long-term exposure of plaque to zinc citrate. PMID- 3162404 TI - Influence of various fluoride varnishes on mineral loss under plaque. PMID- 3162406 TI - [Can we eliminate hereditary diseases?]. PMID- 3162407 TI - Intraarticular and intraperitoneal administration of etoposide in haematological malignancy. AB - Etoposide is frequently used in the treatment of a wide variety of malignant disorders. Administration is usually by intravenous infusion, but etoposide can also be given by mouth, by intraarterial infusion and by direct instillation into the pleural cavity. Two patients are described who were treated with injections of etoposide into the peritoneal cavity and knee joint, respectively. PMID- 3162408 TI - Poor accumulation of technetium-99m glucoheptonate in sarcoidosis and other diffuse infiltrative lung diseases as compared with gallium-67 citrate. AB - Forty-two patients with diffuse infiltrative lung diseases were imaged with Ga-67 citrate and Tc-99m glucoheptonate (GH). Twenty patients had sarcoidosis, six had fibrosis, six had tuberculosis, nine had lung infiltration, and one had pleural empyema. The main difference between Ga-67 and Tc-99m GH was the much greater uptake of Ga-67 in sarcoidosis than that of Tc-99m GH. Fifteen patients with sarcoidosis had positive Ga-67 scans but only six had positive Tc-99m GH scans. The results in other diffuse infiltrative lung diseases were almost equal with Ga 67 and Tc-99m GH. Although Tc-99m GH is less expensive and simpler to use, it is not an adequate substitute for Ga-67 in diffuse infiltrative lung diseases. PMID- 3162409 TI - Salivary gland uptake of gallium-67 citrate after sialography. AB - Sialography may cause greatly increased Ga-67 activity within otherwise normal salivary glands. Five patients are presented in whom sialography with oily contrast material injected 8-26 days before Ga-67 imaging produced strongly positive examinations. In each patient it appears that sialography rather than pre-existing pathologic conditions accounted for the increased activity. Sialography-induced subclinical sialadenitis may be the mechanism for the phenomenon. PMID- 3162410 TI - Gallium-67 uptake in cutaneous lesions of mycosis fungoides. AB - The literature on gallium imaging in mycosis fungoides is limited and conflicting. A case of mycosis fungoides with increased uptake of Ga-67 in clinically noninfected skin lesions is reported. The literature regarding mycosis fungoides and gallium imaging is reviewed. PMID- 3162411 TI - Medical air contamination with oxygen associated with the BEAR 1 and 2 ventilators. PMID- 3162412 TI - Expression of immunological markers on leukemic cells before and after cryopreservation and thawing. AB - We have studied the effects of cryopreservation on the viability and on the expression of surface antigens of acute leukemia cells. Marrow samples were obtained at initial diagnosis from 89 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL), and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). In AML, the mean viability was greater than 90% in the types M1, M4, and M5 of the French American-British classification, 79% in M2, and 3% in M3 types. The viability was 74% in AUL. In ALL, the viability was 95% for pre-B leukemias, but only 2% in T cell leukemias. The expression of myeloid antigens was studied before and after freezing and thawing using three monoclonal antibodies (NHL30.5, against poorly differentiated granulocytic leukemias, VIMC6 against differentiated granulocytic leukemias and granulocytes; and UCHM1 or CRIS-6, against monocytic leukemias and monocytes). The percentage of cells stained by NHL30.5 and UCHM1 or CRIS-6 was very similar before and after cryopreservation. For VIMC6, the mean staining after cryopreservation was 60% of the initial one. In pre-B ALL, the stainings by anti common ALL antigen before and after cryopreservation were also very similar. We conclude that leukemic cryopreserved cells are suitable for immunologic studies. The recovery is, however, very low in promyelocytic AML and T-cell ALL. PMID- 3162413 TI - Correlates of therapeutic efficacy in experimental methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. AB - Seventy animals with experimental aortic valve endocarditis due to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were randomized to receive: no therapy; pefloxacin 40 or 80 mg/kg/day i.v.; or vancomycin 30 mg/kg/day i.v. Vancomycin caused a more rapid decrease in intravegetation MRSA counts than pefloxacin at 40 or 80 mg/kg/day (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.05, respectively, therapy day 3). The major correlate of therapeutic efficacy in this study was the significantly higher mean intravegetation levels achieved by vancomycin (16.8 +/- 6.1 micrograms/g) versus those attained by pefloxacin therapy at either 40 (1.6 +/- 0.13 micrograms/g) or 80 mg/kg/day (2.8 +/- 0.53 micrograms/g, p less than 0.005, p less than 0.025, respectively). PMID- 3162415 TI - Acute dystonia from etoposide. AB - We present a case of acute dystonia caused by administration of etoposide in an 11-year-old boy being treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We believe this is the first report of this side effect. PMID- 3162414 TI - Transforming growth factor-beta 2: cDNA cloning and sequence analysis. AB - We have obtained a cDNA clone coding for human transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 2. The clone was isolated from a tamoxifen-treated human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line (PC-3) using oligonucleotide probes based on the partial amino acid sequence of purified TGF-beta 2. The cDNA sequence predicts that TGF beta 2 is synthesized as a 442-amino-acid polypeptide precursor from which the mature 112-amino-acid TGF-beta 2 subunit is derived by proteolytic cleavage. The proteins coded for by the human TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 cDNAs show an overall homology of 41%. The mature and amino-terminal precursor regions show 71% and 31% homology, respectively. Northern blot analysis identified TGF-beta 2 transcripts of 4.1, 5.1, and 6.5 kb using mRNA from several different sources. Analysis of polyadenylated RNA from tamoxifen-treated PC-3 cells showed that these cells contain higher numbers of transcripts for TGF-beta 1 than for TGF-beta 2, although they produce more TGF-beta 2 protein than TGF-beta 1. This suggests that there is a post-transcriptional level of regulation for the production of these proteins. PMID- 3162416 TI - Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function in patients receiving anthracycline therapy. AB - Abnormalities in left ventricular filling have been described as an early finding in coronary artery disease and in cardiomyopathy. The present study was undertaken to determine whether impaired diastolic function may be an early sign of anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Radionuclide left ventricular curves of 30 treated patients were compared with the curves of 17 normal, agematched, volunteers. The curves were analyzed for ejection fraction, peak filling rate (normalized for end diastolic counts and for stroke counts), time to peak filling rate and filling fraction in the first third of diastole normalized for cycle length. In 20 patients (Groups A and B), we analyzed the radionuclide ventriculography preceding the decrease of systolic function or a clinical congestive heart failure. In ten patients (Group C) who ended a treatment regimen without systolic dysfunction or clinically evident cardiotoxicity, we analyzed the ventriculography at the end of the therapy. Among the diastolic indexes, only the first third filling fraction was abnormal in a minority of the patients (6/20 in Groups A and B). Our findings suggest that diastolic dysfunction is uncommon in anthracycline treated patients prior to systolic dysfunction. PMID- 3162417 TI - Potentiation by phenolphthalein of the responses of guinea-pig ileum and rat stomach strip to PGE2 and other agonists. AB - Phenolphthalein was examined for its effect on the activity of isolated muscle (guinea-pig ileum and colon, rat stomach), and on the tissue responses to PGE2, histamine and 5-HT. The ileal circular muscle and both muscle layers of the colon were unaffected by phenolphthalein. In contrast, the laxative potentiated the responses of the longitudinal muscle of guinea-pig isolated ileum and the rat stomach strip to the agonists, particularly PGE2. This potentiation was reduced by indomethacin in vivo, but mepyramine or methysergide had little or no effect. Augmentation of muscle activity by phenolphthalein, particularly in the response to PGE2, may contribute to the laxative effect. PMID- 3162418 TI - Prostanoids modulate reflex micturition by acting through capsaicin-sensitive afferents. AB - Topical application of exogenous prostanoids (PGE2, TBX B2) on the serosal surface of the urinary bladder of urethane-anaesthetized rats activated reflex micturition. Likewise, intravesical instillation of PGE2 during the cystometrogram lowered the threshold for reflex micturition. Both effects were prevented by systemic capsaicin desensitization (50 mg/kg s.c., 4 days before). Indomethacin pretreatment and systemic capsaicin desensitization each increased the micturition threshold without affecting the amplitude of micturition contraction. However, the effect of the two treatments combined was not greater than the effect of either alone. These findings support the idea that endogenous prostanoids facilitate reflex micturition by stimulating or sensitizing, directly or indirectly, the subset of bladder mechanoreceptors which is capsaicin sensitive in adult rats. PMID- 3162419 TI - Prostanoid responses of bovine adrenal medullary cells: lack of effect of opioids. AB - The effects of opioid compounds on catecholamine (CA) secretion and phosphatidylinositol turnover induced by prostaglandins E1 (PGE1) and E2 (PGE2) in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells have been studied. PGE1 induced CA secretion at 100 nM and above. PGE2 was more potent, inducing CA secretion at 1 10 nM. Both prostaglandins required extracellular calcium to induce CA release. Neither etorphine nor diprenorphine (1 nM-10 microM) affected CA secretion induced by 1 microM PGE1 or 0.1 microM PGE2. PGE1 a small increase in phosphatidylinositol turnover at 10 microM, but had no effect at lower concentrations. PGE2 was effective at 1 and 10 microM. Etorphine and diprenorphine had no effect on phosphatidylinositol turnover induced by PGE1 or PGE2. The results indicate prostaglandins can facilitate CA secretion independently of their effects on phosphatidylinositol metabolism. They also indicate that endogenous adrenal opioid peptides do not act on the opioid binding sites found on adrenal medullary cells to modify their responses to prostaglandins. PMID- 3162420 TI - Hymenolepis diminuta: lack of sulphate activation and sulphotransferase activity. AB - There is no evidence that Hymenolepis diminuta can carry out sulphoconjugation reactions. Neither whole worms nor worm extracts were able to sulphate 4 methylumbelliferone. No sulphotransferase activity could be demonstrated in H. diminuta using a variety of substrates, nor was H. diminuta capable of synthesising the sulphate donor 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulphate from ATP and inorganic sulphate. Possible alternative sources of active sulphate in this parasite are discussed. PMID- 3162421 TI - Luteolytic potency of 16-phenoxy-derivatives of prostaglandin F2 alpha. AB - The binding of 16-phenoxy derivatives of prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha to rat luteal membranes, and also their abortifacient potency in pregnant rats, have been studied. Competitive binding studies with various PG-analogues were performed in ovaries of juvenile rats pretreated with PMSG and HCG, and in parallel studies the abortifacient potency of these substances was tested in pregnant rats. It was observed that this class of derivatives bound to the PGF2 alpha receptor as well as, or even better than the parent compound PGF2 alpha. Modifications in the carboxyl group at C-1 yielded derivatives with a higher affinity for the receptor, in decreasing order of effectiveness as follows: -COOR greater than COOH greater than OH. The data obtained from the binding studies also compared well with data on the abortifacient potency in pregnant rats. It is concluded that the addition of a phenoxy group to either the lower or upper side chain of PGF2 alpha may augment the binding to the receptor as well as the biological responses induced by the post receptor effect. PMID- 3162423 TI - Classification of sheep abomasal mucosal mast cell proteinase as a serine endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21). AB - 1. Diisopropylphosphofluoridate (Dip-F) and phenylmethanesulphonylfluoride (Pms F) are inhibitors of "serine" proteinases, and L-trans-epoxysuccinylleucylamido (4-guanido)-butane (E-64) is an inhibitor of "thiol" proteinases. The effects of these inhibitors on sheep mast cell proteinase (SMCP) were examined. 2. Enzyme activity was completely inhibited by 5 mM Dip-F following a 4-hr preincubation period at either 4 degrees C or 30 degrees C but was unusually resistant to the action of 1 mM Dip-F. 3. SMCP activity was inhibited by 1 mM Pms-F at both 4 degrees C and 30 degrees C. Inhibition was reversed by dithiothreitol (DTT), but this effect was virtually eliminated following preincubation with Pms-F at 30 degrees C for 12 hr. 4. SMCP activity was unaffected by E-64. 5. These properties are consistent with the classification of SMCP as a "serine" endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21). PMID- 3162422 TI - Proliferation and cell loss of human leukemic cell subpopulations in liquid culture. AB - A kinetic study was performed on leukemic blasts from patients with acute myeloid leukemia, separated into 2 subpopulations by a specific density gradient. The growth curve and the [3H]-thymidine uptake were simultaneously analyzed. While cumulative nucleotide uptake fitted with the growth kinetics in the low-density fraction, such a concordance was not found in the high-density subpopulation. That indicated the occurrence of simultaneous growth and loss in the high density fraction, which could not be evaluated by a simple numerical determination. PMID- 3162424 TI - Inhibition of human gingival carcinoma cell growth by prostaglandins. AB - The inhibitory effects of various prostaglandins (PGA2, PGD2 and PGE2) on the growth of human gingival carcinoma cell line Ca 9-22 and human cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa were studied in vitro. 1. PGA2 and PGD2 significantly depressed Ca 9-22 cell proliferation in dose and time related fashion. 2. The inhibitory rate by PGs for Ca 9-22 cells exceeded than HeLa-cells. 3. IC50 value of PGD2 on growth of Ca 9-22 was calculated to be 4 micrograms/ml. PMID- 3162425 TI - Restorative materials: caries inhibition and microleakage in an artificial caries system. PMID- 3162427 TI - Ultrasonic cleaning of dental instruments in cassettes. PMID- 3162426 TI - Informed consent for dental practitioners. PMID- 3162429 TI - Fabrication of an interim obturator. PMID- 3162428 TI - Lateral periodontal cysts at two unusual sites. PMID- 3162430 TI - Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome: an oligosymptomatic form. PMID- 3162431 TI - Tobacco-induced changes: palatal gingiva. PMID- 3162432 TI - White lesion, ventral tongue. PMID- 3162433 TI - [Abdominal pain in a young woman with lymphoblastic leukemia: surgical pathological discussion]. PMID- 3162435 TI - Advances in the applications of monoclonal antibodies in clinical oncology. Proceedings of the 4th international meeting. London, UK, 5-7 May 1987. PMID- 3162436 TI - Biodistribution of a monoclonal antibody-methotrexate conjugate (791T/36-MTX) in patients with colorectal cancer. AB - The monoclonal antibody (MAb) 791T/36 which has previously been shown to localise in colorectal cancer has been conjugated to methotrexate (MTX) for potential use as a chemotherapeutic agent in malignant disease. To examine its biodistribution and tumour localisation, 16 patients with primary colorectal cancer were injected intravenously with 131I-labelled 791T/36-MTX conjugate and imaged using a gamma camera after 48-72 hr. Serial blood samples were taken to determine the levels of circulating conjugate and samples of tumour and normal colon were assayed for uptake of radioactivity. Whole body biodistribution, visualised by gamma scintigraphy, and blood clearance of both the antibody and drug moieties of 791T/36-MTX were similar to that previously found with unconjugated antibody. Assays of tissue radioactivity showed positive tumour uptake of drug-antibody conjugate (T:NT greater than 1.9:1) in 13/15 primary tumour specimens (median T:NT = 2.9:1). These studies indicate that 791T/36-MTX conjugates may have potential in the treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 3162434 TI - CR1-receptor recycling in phorbol ester-activated polymorphonuclear leucocytes. AB - Complement-receptor type 1, CR1, which recognizes the C3b cleavage fragment of C3, is present on the membranes of human phagocytic cells, but does not mediate phagocytosis or undergo internalization unless activated by one of a variety of stimuli. Among these stimuli low doses of phorbol esters have been shown to induce a consistently increased expression of CR1, despite apparently continuous receptor internalization. We have studied the fate of internalized receptor ligand complexes in neutrophils activated with low concentrations of phorbol dibutyrate. In our studies, we followed CR1 with either 125I-C3b, the physiologic ligand, or with 125I-Fab fragments of a monoclonal anti-CR1 antibody. We observed rapid internalization of CR1-C3b complexes by PMN treated with 10 ng/ml (1.98 x 10(-8)M) PDBu, consistent in rate and extent with previously reported results using monoclonal antibodies. The fate of the internalized ligand was studied after elution of cell-surface C3b at 0 degrees. Intracellular ligand was externalized in a time- and temperature-dependent fashion, reaching a plateau at 10-15 min. Released C3b was totally TCA precipitable and structurally unaltered, as determined by SDS-PAGE, suggesting that recycling occurs via a prelysosomal predegradative compartment. Loading the cells with chloroquine did not affect this process. A monoclonal anti-CR1 Fab probe behaved in exactly the same manner, suggesting that the recycling of intact ligand-receptor complexes takes place. The possible physiological consequences of this finding are discussed. PMID- 3162437 TI - Biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and imaging of 131I-labelled OC125 in ovarian cancer. AB - Fifteen patients with or suspected of having ovarian carcinoma were injected intravenously (i.v.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 131I-labelled OC125 F(ab')2. Radioimmunoscintigraphy after i.v. injection revealed 50% of the tumor sites. After i.p. injection all tumor sites were visualized, except in one case in which the antibody remained loculated because of adhesions. One patient with endometrial cancer showed no specific uptake of the antibody after i.p. injection. The serum half-life of the radiolabelled antibody after i.v. injection was 30 hr. After i.p. injection there was a slow appearance of radiolabelled antibody in the blood with a maximum level of 1.4% dose per liter at 24 hr after injection. Urinary excretion of the radiolabel was the same for both routes of administration, with 50% of the dose excreted in approximately 48 hr. Tumor uptake was slightly higher after i.p. injection. Liver and bone marrow uptake after i.p. injection were one-half of the uptake after i.v. injection. PMID- 3162438 TI - Dynamics of antibody transport and internalization. AB - By following the interaction of labelled anti-tumor antibodies with target cells, it was found that in most systems cross-linking of externally bound antibody by anti-IgG leads to nearly complete internalization, whereas excess unlabelled antibody induces fast release of radioactivity from the cell. Uptake in tumor tissue did not depend on presentation of antigen at the cell surface, as demonstrated with antibody RA96 directed against an intra- and inter-cellular antigen. With respect to permeation into solid tissue, autoradiography revealed highly non-homogeneous distribution of intact IgG, while antibody fragments tended to show a more homogeneous penetration. Small spontaneous metastases showed markedly higher accumulation than large tumor processes. PMID- 3162440 TI - In vivo labelling of biotinylated monoclonal antibodies by radioactive avidin: a strategy to increase tumor radiolocalization. AB - Several monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), reactive with tumor-associated antigens, selectively persist on tumor sites in vivo for many days. If biotinylated, such highly specific tags on tumor cells could become targets for radioactive avidin, administered after suitable intervals. The proposed strategy is based on a number of assumptions concerning the ability of avidin to preserve its biological properties in heterologous in vivo environments, on its lack of toxicity and on its biodistribution. A preliminary study has been carried out in rabbits, using biotinylated nitrocellulose and polystyrene targets. The results of this study indicate that in rabbits 1) avidin can be administered i.v. and i.p. without adverse reactions, 2) it does not show any preferential localization, 3) it is eliminated with a biological half-life of 24 hr, 4) its biological properties are not impaired by in vivo conditions, since it accumulates at biotinylated targets only, 5) CEA-bearing targets can be biotinylated in vivo by biotin-labelled anti CEA MAbs and 6) the biotin-avidin chain can be further extended in vivo since bound avidin is still able to bind biotinylated radioactive proteins. PMID- 3162441 TI - The potential of hybrid antibodies secreted by hybrid-hybridomas in tumour therapy. AB - Using a simple method for the selection of hybrid cell growth from the cell fusion of pairs of existing hybridoma cell lines, 2 different hybrid-hybridoma cell lines were produced. Both hybrid-hybridomas secreted bi-specific antibody with similar specificity for human CD3 and for mouse Thy-l but in one case the parental antibody isotypes were both IgG2b and in the other case the CD3 antibody was IgG2b and the anti-Thy-l antibody was IgG2c. In a model in vitro system both bi-specific antibodies were able to elicit potent cell killing of a Thy-l expressing mouse tumour cell line by human effector cell blasts. The cell blasts were generated from resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells using a mitogenic monoclonal antibody (MAb) (YTH361). The parental anti-Thy-l IgG2b but not the IgG2c antibody was also able to mediate cell killing by ADCC. This ADCC killing was inhibited by a MAb to the CD16 Fc receptor but the killing elicited by the bi specific antibodies was not. Both mechanisms of tumour cell killing may be of great potential in human tumour therapy with MAbs. PMID- 3162442 TI - Tumour therapy with Vinca alkaloids targeted by a hybrid-hybrid monoclonal antibody recognising both CEA and Vinca alkaloids. AB - The functional properties of a hybrid-hybrid monoclonal antibody (MAb) recognising both CEA and Vinca alkaloids have been explored in vivo in nude mice xenografted with MAWI, a human colorectal tumour. The hybrid-hybrid MAb localises specifically onto CEA-expressing tumour tissue and, furthermore, is able to target Vinca alkaloids to tumour. Under the influence of the hybrid-hybrid MAb a profound change in the bio-distribution patterns of the Vinca alkaloids is observed. Therapeutic data produced in this in vivo model indicates that treatment with Vinca alkaloids in conjunction with hybrid-hybrid MAb is significantly more effective in suppressing tumour growth of established tumour xenografts than the Vincas when given as free drug. PMID- 3162439 TI - Antibody-guided diagnosis: an Italian experience on CEA-expressing tumours. AB - Within the Italian CNR Biomedical Technology programmes a large multicentre clinical trial on CEA-expressing carcinomas has been carried out. F(ab')2 fragments of anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (MAb) FO23C5, radiolabelled with either 131I or 111In, were supplied to 10 different Italian nuclear medicine departments. Over 500 patients with gastrointestinal, lung, breast, and other carcinomas have been investigated. The results obtained in our nuclear medicine department are reported here. In GI cancer group, the 131I compound showed better results except in liver metastases detected only in 28/57 patients. In the lung cancer group, very satisfactory results were achieved in primary tumours and local or systemic recurrences: 111In tracer was preferentially used. In the breast cancer group immunoscintigraphy proved to be helpful in differential diagnosis of neoplastic and benign bone lesions. Significant improvements of diagnostic sensitivity were achieved in GI cancer patients by means of i.p. administration. Finally, 12 patients with advanced disease were given different 131I radioiodinated MAbs (100 mCi average dose). Administration route was either i.v. (3 cases) or i.p. (9 cases). Clinical and instrumental evidence of complete (1) or partial (7) response was observed in 8 patients. PMID- 3162443 TI - Expression of functional mouse antibodies directed against the tumour marker human placental alkaline phosphatase in non-lymphoid cells. AB - A mouse hybridoma cell line was isolated which produces monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) of the IgG2b, kappa subtype directed against the tumour-associated marker human placental alkaline phosphatase (hPLAP). The mRNAs coding for the heavy (H) and light (L) chains were cloned as cDNA copies. These genes were then separately inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pSV23p, under control of the SV40 early promoter. Both genes were introduced with the DEAE-dextran technique in COSI cells, and 72 hr after transfection, 10 ng/ml functional antibodies could be detected in the supernatant of the cells. Permanent CHO cell lines secreting 100 ng/ml functional antibodies were established upon transfection of CHO (dhfr-) cells with the plasmids containing the H and L cDNAs and the plasmid pAdD26SVp (A)-3 carrying the mouse dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene. A plasmid construction in which we inserted a stop codon-containing sequence behind the hinge region of the H-chain cDNA sequence yielded immuno-competent F(ab')2 molecules upon transfection of COS or CHO cells. Our results indicate that not only lymphoid cells, but also non-lymphoid cells, are capable of synthesis and assembly of immunoglobulin chains that are immunologically fully competent. PMID- 3162444 TI - Elevated serum HMFG antigen levels in breast and ovarian cancer patients measured with a sandwich ELISA. AB - HMFG antigen is a tumour associated glycoprotein that has been immunohistochemically shown to be expressed by malignant cells in breast and ovarian and to a lesser degree in gastro-intestinal carcinomas. We have developed a non-isotopic sandwich ELISA for secretory HMFG antigen utilizing a polyclonal catcher and a tracer monoclonal antibody (MAb). 52/52 of healthy medical students (controls) had a serum value under 400 U/ml whereas 15/30 patients (50%) with evident ovarian cancer and 13/37 (35%) with advanced breast cancer had a value exceeding 400 U/ml. From other patients with malignant tumours 2/14 (14%) with endometrial carcinoma, 0/5 with cervical carcinoma, 0/5 with vulvar carcinoma, 1/33 with gastro-intestinal carcinoma, 0/4 with oesophageal carcinoma and 2/45 of patients with leukemia or lymphoma had an elevated serum HMFG value. Four cases of Crohn disease, 3 cases of ulcerative colitis and 2 cases of pelvic inflammatory disease all showed a serum value below 400 U/ml. Progression of ovarian cancer was accompanied by increasing serum HMFG antigen levels. The antigen detected by our assay is different from CA 125 but may be related with the tumour associated antigen CA 15-3. PMID- 3162445 TI - Simultaneous demonstration of glia- and glioma-associated antigens in human astrocytomas. AB - Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glioma-associated antigens (GAA) defined by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were demonstrated simultaneously in human astrocytoma tissue. GFAP was stained by PAP-method, GAA were visualized by avidin biotin-technique using alkaline phosphatase. In primary and secondary tumors as well as in tissue culture heterogeneity of GFAP- and GAA-expression is obvious. GFAP is mostly restricted to cell processes and less marked in the perinuclear space. Depending on the individual antibody, MAbs-positive material is located either in the tumor cell plasma (MUC 8-22) or on cell surface membranes (MUC 2 63). There is remarkable expression of GAA in cell clusters which fail to express GFAP. At higher magnification, 3 types of cellular reactivity are detectable: (a) cells which react only with anti-GFAP, (b) cells which react only with anti-GAA and (c) cells which express both, GFAP and GAA, especially those of protoplasmic astrocyte type. These cells also occur in subcutaneous tumor grafts, and may thus represent not only a reactive event, but be part of tumor cell populations. PMID- 3162446 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to placental alkaline phosphatase: preclinical evaluation in a human xenograft tumour model of F(ab')2 and Fab fragments. AB - Six new placental alkaline phosphatase monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been evaluated in order to select a potentially clinically useful antibody fragment for use in immunoscintigraphy or therapy. Initially, 3 antibodies were identified by trial pepsin digestion as likely to give satisfactory F(ab')2 yield. The corresponding intact antibodies were then compared for ability to localise human xenograft tumours in athymic mice. Of the best of these, designated 3F6, F(ab')2 and Fab fragments were then evaluated in similar xenograft experiments. In intact antibody biodistribution comparisons, 3F6 showed good tumour retention and satisfactory specific/non-specific ratios at 8 days. In similar fragment biodistribution experiments 3F6 F(ab')2 gave the highest tumour/blood ratio (10) and tumour/organ ratios (19) and the best specific/non-specific localisation. This fragment also showed higher absolute uptake in the tumour than intact antibody, 18.9% and 14.4% respectively of the injected dose. As expected, fragments showed much faster blood clearance rates than whole antibody. For Fab the in vivo instability by 6 hr was also demonstrated. PMID- 3162447 TI - Dosimetry for radiolabelled antibodies--macro or micro? AB - Three approaches to calculating radiation absorbed doses and answering fundamental questions in radiolabelled antibody therapy are outlined. Conventional macroscopic dosimetry is probably not appropriate for calculations on the small scale of normal tissue and tumour volumes that are of interest in therapy. A better though even more traditional approach is to use the results from beta particle dosimetry. These may be shown to apply down to quite small populations of cells. An approach using the results found in microdosimetric work is probably too far from practical application to be useful at present. PMID- 3162448 TI - Antibody-guided diagnosis and therapy of malignant lesions. AB - Tumour associated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) HMFG1, HMFG2 and H17E2, labelled with 123iodine or 111indium, were used to detect primary and metastatic cancer by external body scintigraphy in patients with ovarian, breast and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCC). Successful localisation was seen in all patients with primary and 80% of the metastatic NSCC, 50% of primary and 70% of metastatic breast cancer lesions and in 80% of patients with metastatic ovarian cancer. On the other hand, imaging carried with a radiolabelled non-specific MAb produced positive results in 3 out of 5 cases with primary NSCC. Therefore, non-specific imaging should be further studied in clinical research for the evaluation of the specificity of radioimmunodetection. A therapeutic procedure which has shown promise is that of intracavity administration of radiolabelled antibodies. Twenty nine patients with resistant ovarian cancer have been treated with intraperitoneal 131I-labelled MAbs (HMFG1, HMFG2, AUA1, H17E2). There were no significant responses in 8 patients with gross disease. There were 2 responses in 15 assessable patients with tumour nodules of less than 2 cm in diameter. Out of 6 patients with microscopic disease, 4 are disease-free with follow-up time of 6 40 months (mean = 17.5 months). PMID- 3162449 TI - Tumor imaging of colo-rectal carcinoma with an anti-CEA monoclonal antibody. AB - A 131I-labelled anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (MAb) (FO23C5) was used in a preclinical in vivo study in an animal model and in a clinical study in patients with colo-rectal carcinoma. Preliminary screening on different tissue was performed with immunoperoxidase staining, which showed a good specificity of the antibody for gastric and colo-rectal carcinoma. Initially immunoscintigraphy was performed as a pilot study at the National Cancer Institute of Milan on 51 patients with 64 localizations of colo-rectal cancer. Serial scans were performed after injection of 2 radioactive reagents, namely 131I and 111In. In vivo pharmacokinetics of the compound were studied. High sensitivity (80%) and high specificity were obtained in detecting local recurrences and abdominal metastases whereas a low positivity rate was obtained in detecting liver metastases. Our data were confirmed by preliminary results of the multicentric trial organized by the Italian National Research Council on 300 patients with about 700 localizations of CEA producing tumors. PMID- 3162450 TI - Immunological tailoring of monoclonal antibodies for immunotherapy of pancreatic carcinoma. AB - Spontaneous isotype switch variants from IgG1 to IgG2a of monoclonal antibody (MAb) BW 494 were generated. Their frequency was found to be 1 variant cell out of 2 X 10(5) parental hybrid cells. The tissue specificity of the parental MAb BW 494 IgG1 was identical to that of the BW 494 IgG2a variant arguing for an unaltered paratope shared by the parent and the variant. In contrast, the switch in isotype from IgG1 to IgG2a resulted in an increase of the variant potential to mediate antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) reaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells as effectors. The potential of variants to perform human complement mediated cytolysis (CDC) was not better than that of the parental MAb. PMID- 3162451 TI - Immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer with monoclonal antibody BW 494. AB - In a phase I trial 34 patients with pancreatic cancer were treated with the murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) BW 494 (BI 51.011) directed against a glycoprotein antigen. The patients received repeated doses of MAb over a time period from 5 to 14 days (highest single dose 100 mg, highest cumulative dose 490 mg). During this treatment serum levels of murine IgG increased to 43.4 micrograms/ml. The serum half life of murine IgG ranged from 2 to 3 days. Repeated injections of MAb BW 494 were normally well-tolerated when given within the first 15 days. Two patients presented with fatigue and a neuritis-like syndrome 2 weeks after the last IgG infusion which had resolved spontaneously by the next day. Severe allergic reactions were observed in 3 patients after repeated injections of the MAb. These 3 patients had high levels of human anti murine antibodies (HAMA). Four weeks after the first application of MAb BW 494, 17/18 patients presented with HAMA (IgG). It could be demonstrated that the anti murine response was in part anti-idiotypic. At the moment 16/34 patients are eligible for evaluation of tumor response. There was no complete or partial remission; however, 2 patients responded with minor tumor regression up to 32 weeks documented by reduction of liver metastases and primary tumor in CAT scan. Five additional patients presented with a long period of stable disease after immunotherapy (up to 40 weeks). Nine patients had progressive tumor disease in spite of MAb treatment. PMID- 3162452 TI - Chelate radiochemistry: cleavable linkers lead to altered levels of radioactivity in the liver. AB - Bifunctional chelating agents based on benzyl-EDTA bind 111In stably under physiological conditions. Available evidence indicates that the indium is cleared from the body in its original chelated form. Initial studies of a series of antibody-chelate conjugates joined by different molecular linkers show that the 111In biodistribution is strongly dependent on the nature of the linker. Linkers containing thiourea, thioether, peptide, ester, and disulfide groups were compared in healthy BALB/c mice. The disulfide linker led to particularly rapid clearance of 111In from the liver, and from the whole body. Results did not appear to be as favorable as those currently obtainable with reversible radiolabelling techniques, in which the 111In chelate is bound non-covalently to the antibody and a competing hapten is used to displace it when desired. However, the concept of a metabolically cleavable linker is sound. Further exploration is needed to produce a conjugate with the desired properties. PMID- 3162453 TI - Long term survivors following treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia during 1970-75. PMID- 3162454 TI - Heparin-binding growth factor/prostatropin attenuates inhibition of rat prostate tumor epithelial cell growth by transforming growth factor type beta. AB - Normal rat prostate epithelial cell growth requires both epidermal growth factor and heparin-binding growth factor/prostatropin. In contrast, epithelial cells derived from the transplantable Dunning R3327H rat tumor require either epidermal growth factor or heparin-binding growth factor/prostatropin. Transforming growth factor type beta inhibited normal epithelial cell growth. Transforming growth factor beta inhibited epidermal growth factor-dependent growth of tumor epithelial cells, independent of epidermal growth factor concentrations. Transforming growth factor beta increased the effective dose of heparin-binding growth factor type 1 required to support tumor epithelial cell growth by 10-fold but saturating levels of heparin-binding growth factor type 1 (290 pM) completely attenuated the inhibitory effect of transforming growth factor beta. These results suggest that prostate tumor epithelial cells may escape the inhibitory effect of transforming growth factor beta as a consequence of alteration of the concurrent requirement for both epidermal growth factor (or homologues) and heparin-binding growth factors. PMID- 3162455 TI - Phorbol esters and diacylglycerols amplify bradykinin-stimulated prostaglandin synthesis in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Possible independence from protein kinase C. AB - When Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts were incubated with bradykinin, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis was stimulated. Phorbol esters or the diacylglycerol analog 1 oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG), by themselves, did not acutely stimulate PGE2 synthesis. However, when cells were preincubated with phorbol esters or OAG, bradykinin-stimulated PGE2 synthesis was potentiated markedly. When phorbol esters and OAG were added together, bradykinin-stimulated PGE2 synthesis was potentiated in an additive manner. When cells were preincubated for 48 h with phorbol esters, then bradykinin added, amplification of bradykinin-stimulated PGE2 synthesis by phorbol ester or OAG was still apparent, even though prolonged pretreatment with phorbol esters abolished protein kinase C (Ca2+/phospholipid dependent enzyme) activity in cell-free preparations. Further, the protein kinase C antagonist, H-7, only slightly inhibited phorbol ester or OAG amplification of bradykinin-stimulated PGE2 synthesis. The possibility is raised that diacylglycerol, formed in response to many receptors, may serve as a transducer of receptor-receptor interactions. Since desensitization or inhibition of protein kinase C only partially reduced the amplification of bradykinin-stimulated PGE2 synthesis by phorbol esters or OAG, the possibility is raised that diacylglycerol mimetics may have actions in addition to activation of protein kinase C. PMID- 3162456 TI - Phase I study of pirarubicin. AB - A Phase I trial of pirarubicin (4'-O-tetrahydropyranyl-doxorubicin) was undertaken to study its toxicity and to gain preliminary knowledge of its efficacy. The dose was escalated by increments of 10 from 30 to 70 mg/m2. Out of 20 patients, 19 were evaluable for toxicity and response to treatment. Hematologic toxicity was dose limiting and dose related. Other adverse effects included nausea and vomiting, hair loss, and stomatitis. No acute cardiotoxicity was encountered. In 2 patients with metastatic breast cancer who had not been pretreated with cytostatic agents, a partial remission was achieved lasting for 5 months. In 6 patients, tumor parameters did not change for a median of 3 months, and 11 patients suffered progressive disease. PMID- 3162457 TI - Transforming growth factor-beta modulates the expression of osteoblast and chondroblast phenotypes in vitro. AB - Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) has been shown to induce chondrogenesis by embryonic rat mesenchymal cells (Seyedin et al., J. Biol. Chem., 261: 5693, 1986). Here we report the effects of bovine TGF-beta on the phenotypic expression of differentiated primary rat osteoblastic and chondroblastic cells. Culture of rat calvarial osteoblasts with TGF-beta resulted in a dose and time-dependent decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity. Levels of alkaline phosphatase were reduced to less than 10% of control values by 0.4 nM TGF-beta. The decrease became apparent after 24 hours and reached a maximum by 72 hours. Similarly, treatment of chondroblasts with 0.4 nM TGF-beta resulted in decreased production of cartilage-specific macromolecules: type II collagen and cartilage proteoglycan. Both cell types exhibited dramatic changes in cell shape after treatment with TGF-beta. Modulation of these differentiated markers by TGF beta could be mimicked, in part, by addition of fibronectin. Addition of dihydrocytochalasin B blocked the inhibition of phenotypic expression by TGF beta. These results indicate that TGF-beta inhibits phenotypic expression by osteoblasts and chondroblasts in vitro and suggest that this activity of TGF-beta may be mediated through interactions between the extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal elements. PMID- 3162458 TI - Long term follow-up and HLA association in patients with postpartum hypothyroidism. AB - The long term clinical outcome of postpartum hypothyroidism was investigated by follow-up studies of 44 patients (59 postpartum episodes; mean age of mothers at delivery, 28.2 yr) 5 or more yr later (mean interval after delivery, 8.7 yr; range, 5-16 yr). Forty-nine episodes (83%) in 34 women were followed by recovery within 1 yr postpartum, and those women remained euthyroid thereafter (group A); 10 women [10 episodes (17%)] developed permanent hypothyroidism during the follow up period (group B). Five women in group B recovered during the first year, but became hypothyroid again later, the other 5 women in Group B remained persistently hypothyroid. HLA typing revealed significantly higher frequencies of HLA-DR3, -DRW8, -DRW9, -A26, -BW46, and -BW67, and significantly lower frequencies of HLA-DR2, -BW52, -BW62, and -CW7 in women with postpartum hypothyroidism than in normal women. Of 9 women with postpartum hypothyroidism who had HLA-DRW9 and/or -B51 associated with antithyroglobulin-antibody titers of 2(3) X 10 or higher, 6 developed permanent hypothyroidism. We conclude that long term follow-up is essential for women of postpartum hypothyroidism because of the risk of permanent hypothyroidism. The results suggest that some immunogenetic factors may be related to the etiology of postpartum hypothyroidism and that women with HLA-DRW9 and/or -B51 and higher titers of antithyroglobulin antibody are likely to develop permanent hypothyroidism. PMID- 3162459 TI - Possibilities of association of azoospermia and oligospermia with some HLA system antigens. AB - Modern knowledge of the HLA system structure and its role in the organism supports the statement that the presence of HLA antigens in a person increases his/her predisposition to some diseases. Association of HLA antigens with some diseases has already been confirmed by many authors. This study was an attempt to obtain insight into the possibilities of the association of HLA antigens with azoospermia and oligospermia of an unknown aetiology. HLA groups were allocated to 71 men with azoospermia and oligospermia. The condition of disordered spermiogenesis was confirmed on the basis of anamnestic data, objective genital examination and spermiogram, by which secondary causes were excluded and unknown aetiology was confirmed. To standardize HLA antigens the authors used 14 sera for locus A antigens and 26 sera for locus B antigens. The results obtained were compared with findings obtained from 670 healthy persons (controls). These results showed higher frequency of the following antigens in these persons: A26 in 15.4% of cases with r.r. 9.2, P less than 0.001 and chi 2 = 37.74 (control group = 1.9%), A28 in 23.9% of cases with r.r. 2.8, P less than 0.005 and chi 2 = 8.23 (control group = 10%) and B18 in 18.3% of cases with r.r. 2.5, P less than 0.005 and chi 2 = 8.23 (control group = 8%). PMID- 3162460 TI - Comparison of T cell receptor alpha, beta, and gamma gene rearrangement and expression in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - We have analyzed the configuration of the T cell receptor (TCR) alpha gene using newly developed genomic joining region (J alpha) probes, which cover approximately 80 kb of the J alpha region upstream from the constant region in 19 patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and in three CD3- leukemic T cell lines (HSB2, CEM, and MOLT4). In parallel, transcription of the TCR-alpha, beta, and gamma genes was examined in 11 of these patients and in the T cell lines. All T-ALL and the three T cell lines exhibited both TCR-gamma and beta gene rearrangements. 8 of 10 T-ALL and all T cell lines expressed TCR-gamma transcripts. All samples tested expressed both TCR-beta and CD3-gamma transcripts. TCR alpha transcripts were only observed in CD3+ T-ALL but not in CD3- T-ALL or the CD3- cell lines. Among the CD3+ T-ALL, eight had TCR-alpha gene rearrangements. In addition, TCR-alpha gene rearrangements were detected in one CD3- T-ALL and all three T cell lines. These leukemic cells may represent a transient stage between rearrangement and expression and provide an opportunity for analyzing the mechanism regulating the expression of the TCR-alpha gene. PMID- 3162462 TI - Assessment of bone loss in periodontitis from panoramic radiographs. AB - Bone loss in chronic periodontitis was assessed from panoramic radiographs by direct measurement from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and by measuring the proportion of the tooth length supported by bone. Mesial and distal bone levels of all available teeth were assessed for 50 patients aged 30-39 years referred for periodontal treatment. 85% and 74% of surfaces were measurable by the proportional and direct techniques, respectively. 27% of surfaces had no bone loss according to the proportional score, whereas 22% had a CEJ to alveolar bone distance of less than 2 mm. In addition, over half the surfaces with a proportional bone loss score of zero had a CEJ to alveolar bone distance of 2 mm or more, and for each proportional bone loss score, there was considerable overlap in the CEJ to alveolar bone distances recorded. The validity of the CEJ to alveolar bone measurements was established by comparison with direct measurements at periodontal surgery. The results support the use of direct measurement from the CEJ to alveolar bone rather than the assessment of the proportion of the tooth length within the bone when investigating bone loss from panoramic radiographs. This population of 30-40-year-old periodontal patients had a mean of 50% of sites with a CEJ to alveolar bone distance of 3 mm or more, and at such sites, there was a mean additional bone loss of 2.1 mm. PMID- 3162461 TI - The relative effects of therapy and periodontal disease on loss of probing attachment after root debridement. AB - This study investigated the immediate effects, and the effects during 12 months, of a single episode of root debridement in 1248 sites in 9 periodontitis patients. Single recordings for probing depths and probing attachment levels were made at baseline, and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. In addition, triplicate recordings of attachment levels were made for all sites by 3 independent examiners immediately prior to debridement, immediately post debridement, and at 3 and 12 months. It was found that a mean loss of probing attachment of 0.5 to 0.6 mm occurred as a result of instrumentation, irrespective of initial probing depth. Individual sites were identified as having lost probing attachment using a site-specific standard deviation for measurement variability and a greater than or equal to 1.0 mm change. 5% of all sites lost probing attachment from pre instrumentation to 12 months. Approximately half of these had probing attachment loss inflicted during instrumentation. 23 sites (2% of all sites) were identified as having lost probing attachment from the post-instrumentation time point to 12 months. The majority of these sites seemed to undergo this probing attachment loss as a result of a remodelling process during the healing phase. Over the observation period used in this study, the majority of the attachment loss identified seems to be either directly attributable to instrumentation or to a remodelling process as a result of the therapy rather than to progressive periodontitis. PMID- 3162463 TI - Morphological changes in the attached and keratinized gingiva and gingival sulcus in the mixed dentition period. A 5-year longitudinal study. AB - A longitudinal study was undertaken to examine the changes in the sulcus probing depth, keratinized and attached gingiva during the mixed dentition period. 54 children aged 7 to 9 years at the first examination were examined twice, with an interval of 5 years. Sulcus probing depth and keratinized gingiva were examined at the buccal aspect of the incisors, and either right or left cuspids and posterior areas. The width of the attached gingiva was obtained by subtracting the probing depth from the width of the keratinized gingiva. When compared to primary predecessors, the permanent teeth had a deeper probing depth, narrower attached gingiva and at the maxillary teeth, a wider keratinized gingiva. When a permanent tooth was present at both examinations, there was a significant increase in width of the attached gingiva with a corresponding decrease in probing depth, and a slight beginning of an increase in the width of keratinized gingiva. Previous and the present findings indicate that during the early years after eruption of the permanent tooth, an increase in width of the attached gingiva takes place, without occlusal migration of the marginal gingiva whereas, at later stages, this coronal migration takes place, concomitant to tooth eruption. PMID- 3162464 TI - Correlation between electronic and visual readings of pocket depths with a newly developed constant force probe. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare probing measurements obtained using a newly developed constant force electronic probe, which eliminates errors of visual reading and variable force, to those obtained using a standard periodontal probe. The probe was connected to a digital readout through a linear variable differential transformer; the digital readout was connected to a printer and a foot switch. When the probe was in position and the foot switch depressed, the pocket depth was printed to the nearest 0.1 mm. 12 subjects with minimal to early periodontitis were selected for the study. The pocket depths of each patient were recorded electronically utilizing a constant force of 25 g, and conventionally using the same instrument in a "locked" position and visual reading. Probings were performed on each subject by 3 different examiners, on 3 separate occasions 2-3 days apart. The results showed a high correlation between manual and electronic probing. The average correlations for the 3 investigators between examinations were consistently higher for the electronic probings. In comparing the 3 examiners to each other, consistently higher correlations were found for the electronic pocket readings. Correlations for single-rooted teeth were lower for all 3 examiners. The pocket depth measurements recorded when using the manual probe with visual readings were consistently deeper than those obtained using the electronic probe with computer readings. It was concluded that the reproducibility of measurements obtained with the electronic probe was significantly superior to that obtained with a manual probe. PMID- 3162466 TI - Partial mouth recording of plaque, gingivitis and probing depth in adolescents. AB - Selection of teeth representative of the whole dentition has been used in clinical and epidemiological investigations. The present study was carried out to assess the relationship between 3 different subsets of teeth and the whole dentition for the plaque index, gingival index and probing depth. The selections were: the subset described by Ramfjord (16, 21, 24, 36, 41, 44), the CPITN Alternative I subset (17, 16, 11, 26, 27, 37, 36, 31, 46, 47) and the CPITN Alternative II subset (16, 11, 26, 36, 31, 46). The comparisons were performed on data obtained for 15-year-old adolescents. A strong correlation was observed between the whole dentition and each of the subsets for all assessments. The distribution of scores of the Ramfjord selection and the whole dentition was not statistically different. Corresponding comparisons showed that the distribution of scores of the CPITN selections and the whole dentition was statistically different. Plaque and gingival index scores of these selections underestimated 0 scores and overestimated 2 + 3 scores. Probing depths less than or equal to 2 mm were underestimated and probing depths greater than or equal to 4 mm overestimated. The bias associated with the CPITN Alt I was more pronounced than that of the CPITN Alt II subset of teeth in the adolescents examined. PMID- 3162465 TI - Attachment level measurements with a constant force electronic probe. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the reproducibility of probing attachment level measurements using a newly developed constant force electronic probe. The probing force was preset at 25 g (probe diameter 0.4 mm) and was connected to a computer through a variable differential transformer. The measurements were performed on 10 patients with minimal signs of periodontal disease, using individually made acrylic stents. When the probe was in place and a foot switch depressed, the measurement was stored on the computer to the nearest 0.1 mm. The measurements were performed by one periodontist and one hygienist during one visit, and were then repeated by the same periodontist and another hygienist during a second visit. The results showed high correlations between the periodontist and the hygienist during one visit, between the two visits for the periodontist, and between the two hygienists at two different visits. The subject threshold for attachment loss was calculated according to Haffajee and co-workers, and was found to average 0.84 mm for the measurements performed by the periodontist and the hygienist during the same visit. For the periodontist during two separate visits and for the two different hygienists, the average threshold was 0.99 and 1.02 mm, respectively. Duplicate measurements were also performed by one periodontist at one visit on 10 patients with advanced periodontal disease. The average subject threshold for these patients was 0.60 mm. It may be concluded that with the constant force electronic probe, loss of attachment can be detected earlier than when conventional instruments are used. PMID- 3162467 TI - The angular bony defect in the maintenance of the periodontal patient. AB - The present retrospective study was performed to evaluate some long-term alterations of the alveolar bone level at periodontal sites with angular and even ("horizontal") patterns of bone loss. The investigation included 48 patients who, following treatment for advanced periodontal disease, were placed in a maintenance care program which included recall appointments every 3-6 months for a period of 5 to 16 years. The material of the study comprised all teeth at which angular osseous defects (test sites) could be detected in a full-mouth series of radiographs obtained at the end of the active treatment phase. Alterations in the position of the marginal alveolar bone crest and the base of the osseous defect which took place during the maintenance period were assessed by comparing the post-treatment radiographs with a 2nd set of radiographs obtained at the final examination. In the same patients, an equal number of contralateral or neighboring teeth at which bone loss in the radiographs had an even or "horizontal" character were included as controls. The results from the assessments demonstrated that periodontal sites which, following active therapy displayed either angular or "horizontal" patterns of alveolar bone loss underwent, during a 5-16 year period of maintenance, only minor bone level alterations. Additional loss of supporting bone occurred equally frequently at sites with "horizontal" and angular patterns of bone loss. Thus, the findings reported failed to show up sites with angular bony defects as being particularly susceptible to recurrent destructive periodontitis. PMID- 3162468 TI - Ecthyma gangrenosum caused by a roving chest electrode in an acute myeloid leukemia patient with Pseudomonas septicemia. PMID- 3162469 TI - Spinocerebellar degeneration: qualitative and quantitative MR analysis of atrophy. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T was performed in 27 patients with either the cerebellar or spinocerebellar form of spinocerebellar degeneration and in 10 control subjects. Neither T1- nor T2-weighted images (T1WIs and T2WIs) of the patients showed any abnormal intensity areas within the cerebellum or in any other structures of the brain. The T2WIs delineated normal configurations of symmetrical dentate and red nuclei. On T1WIs two patterns of atrophy were detected: (a) moderate to severe shrinkage of the basis pontis and the middle cerebellar peduncles associated with atrophy of the cerebellum, and (b) moderate atrophy of the cerebellum with a preserved basis pontis. The former morphological changes are consistent with the pathology of pontocerebellar atrophy (PCA) and the latter with those of cerebellar cortical degeneration (CCD). In 11 patients, only after a quantitative analysis of the images were we able to classify them in one of the two morphological categories (PCA or CCD). There was a significant correlation between atrophy of the cerebellum and atrophy of the basis pontis. Furthermore, in the PCA group the anterior portion of the body of the corpus callosum was significantly smaller in comparison with the control subjects. PMID- 3162470 TI - Patient's age at the initial detection of interproximal caries. AB - This study set out to determine the average patient's age at initial detection of interproximal caries for individual posterior tooth surfaces. Ninety-six patients between the ages of 2 and 14 years were followed longitudinally over a series of periodic oral examinations. The average patient's age at initial detection of interproximal caries ranged from 6.3 years for the maxillary primary canine to 11.7 years for the mandibular permanent first molar. Peaks in patient's age at initial detection of interproximal caries occurred between ages 6 and 8 for primary teeth--peaks that should be considered in establishing the timing and frequency of bitewing radiographs for children. PMID- 3162471 TI - Disturbed eruption of the lower second molar: clinical appearance, prevalence, and etiology. AB - Disturbed eruption of the second lower molar is a condition not often described in the dental literature. To study this aberration, 88 referred patients with 108 totally or partially impacted lower second molars were examined. The mean age of these patients was 15 years; 64 percent were male. A third molar was found adjacent to the affected second molar in 95 percent of cases. Local space shortage was seen in 90 percent of the cases. The prevalence of this disturbance overall is 1.5 per 1,000 individuals. Impactions in mesioangular and distoangular positions seemed to have been caused mostly by lack of space, whereas additional local factors had complicated many vertical impactions. Bite supervision should include early observance of the molar area for detection of disturbance in eruption of the lower second molar. PMID- 3162472 TI - Physical restraint, informed consent and the child patient. AB - Parent's expressed, informed consent should be obtained before physical restraining devices are used on the child patient, in the course of dental treatment. Implied consent does not apply to any procedure not normally expected by an average, reasonable person; these procedures include the use of premedicating agents, the use of nitrous oxide sedation, or the use of physical restraint. It is a good, preventive idea to use a well-written general consent form. A specific consent form, clearly labelled, provides a strong defense in court for the dentist. PMID- 3162473 TI - Death following oral sedation. PMID- 3162474 TI - Improving children's oral hygiene through parental involvement. AB - This study evaluated whether preschool children's oral hygiene would improve, if the parent, after receiving professional instruction, could demonstrate proficient toothbrushing. In the experimental group, twenty-four parents received a clinical demonstration and verbal instruction in the scrub-brush technique. They were asked to demonstrate proficiency in brushing their children's teeth using this technique. In the control group, twenty-six parents received the same brushing instructions, but did not clean their children's teeth. Baseline and four-week follow-up plaque and gingival scores showed improvement only in the plaque score (p less than .05) for the experimental group. Gingival scores were unchanged. These results indicate the advantage of parental participation in their child's dental care, especially in the case of new patients. PMID- 3162475 TI - Effect of dental drawings and coloring on attitudes of child patients. AB - Young children can feel great anxiety and/or fear when facing their dental examination and treatment, and may refuse to be examined. To help children overcome these emotions, we originated a method called "Dental Drawings and Coloring". We investigated whether the new method might be effective for 207 children between the ages of two and four who had completed treatment and had returned for their first check-up, about three months later. Results showed that using the method of "Dental Drawings and Coloring" worked fairly effectively in alleviating their anxiety and fear. PMID- 3162476 TI - Prevalence of mesiodens in a pediatric Hispanic population. PMID- 3162477 TI - Continued growth of the dentinal papillae after extraction of neonatal teeth: report of case. PMID- 3162478 TI - More on AIDS. PMID- 3162480 TI - Validity of poverty findings questioned. PMID- 3162479 TI - Validity of prenatal fluorides questioned. PMID- 3162481 TI - The plasticity of infant behavior. PMID- 3162483 TI - Thanks for legal advice. PMID- 3162482 TI - Infection management and periodontists. PMID- 3162484 TI - Antibodies and infection. PMID- 3162485 TI - Restrictions on hospital dentistry. PMID- 3162486 TI - The curing powers that be. PMID- 3162487 TI - Lamenting licorice. PMID- 3162488 TI - Today's young dentist: graduation--transition--ownership. PMID- 3162490 TI - Temporomandibular joint dysfunction and orofacial pain caused by parotid gland malignancy: report of case. AB - A 41-year-old female with 2 years of mandibular and maxillary facial pain sought multiple medical evaluations. Symptoms were similar to those accompanying many benign temporomandibular, salivary gland, and neurological disorders. Through manual palpation, a slight swelling in the salivary gland was discovered; a malignant carcinoma was removed by parotidectomy. PMID- 3162489 TI - Death after chloral hydrate sedation: report of case. AB - A young healthy female died after taking chloral hydrate syrup before surgery to extract third molars. Various aspects of the use of chloral hydrate are discussed, including the metabolism, active moiety, reported side effects, and effects on the heart. Recommendations are made concerning patient supervision, dosage limitations, and degree of sedation. PMID- 3162491 TI - Ethical or legal perceptions by dental practitioners. AB - Perplexing ethical and legal concerns cross health professions and reach into many professions and vocations. Confidentiality is crucial not only to the health professional and the patient, but also to the lawyer and client, and the investigative reporter and the source. Reporting poor work or whistleblowing is a dilemma not only for dentists and other health care professionals, but also for the engineer, architect, and federal employee, among others. This survey of the ethical or legal perceptions of the dental practitioner supports two conclusions: perplexing situations are perceived as predominantly ethical rather than legal problems and the factor of age (number of years in practice) might affect this trend toward the ethical consideration of complicated issues. Understanding the nature of these and other perplexing situations requires that dental practitioners step beyond the confines of their practice and the boundaries of the dental profession to search for more effective ways of dealing with, and therefore living with, the realities of their practice. PMID- 3162492 TI - Value categories in clinical dental ethics. PMID- 3162493 TI - The setting of vinyl polysiloxane and condensation silicone putties when mixed with gloved hands. AB - Neither the vinyl nor the latex gloves tested affected any of the condensation silicone putties tested. The vinyl gloves tested had no effect on any of the vinyl polysiloxane putties. Some brands of latex gloves as received from the distributor caused severe retardation or complete inhibition of setting in most vinyl polysiloxane putties; other brands of latex gloves affected the setting in the vinyl polysiloxane putties to varying degrees. Washing the latex gloves decreased the effect of inhibition of setting on the putty but did not eliminate it. Thus, latex gloves should not be worn while mixing or handling vinyl polysiloxane putties. Putties should not be dispensed while wearing latex gloves as the entire jar can become contaminated. If gloves are removed to mix the putty, hands should be washed thoroughly; however, this violates the barrier technique and is not recommended. Vinyl gloves may be worn over latex gloves (or by themselves), for dispensing and mixing the putty; but the vinyl gloves should not be contaminated with powder from the latex gloves. To assure compatibility, the putty/glove combination should always be checked. PMID- 3162494 TI - Contamination of local anesthetic cartridges with acrylic monomer. AB - The evidence presented shows that both methyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate monomers can diffuse through the rubber bulb of a dropper dispenser-style bottle. Methyl methacrylate is substantially more efficient in this regard than is ethyl methacrylate, which leads to the loss of these products into the environment immediately around the dropper bottle. If a dropper bottle of these agents is stored in a confined space such as a storage tub along with certain local anesthetic cartridges, the monomer vapor can enter the cartridge and contaminate its contents. A combination of methyl methacrylate in the presence of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine appears to be the most reactive of the combinations tested. Local anesthetic cartridges should not be stored in a confined space with dropper bottles containing either methyl methacrylate or ethyl methacrylate monomers. PMID- 3162495 TI - Multilocular radiolucent area of the posterior mandible. AB - Ameloblastoma is a benign, locally aggressive tumor of odontogenic origin. It is important that the clinician be familiar with this tumor and its variants so that affected patients can be treated adequately and with careful, long-term follow up. PMID- 3162496 TI - Dental units and water retraction. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment. PMID- 3162497 TI - Dental equipment and supplies price indexes: 1987 update. Bureau of Economic and Behavioral Research. PMID- 3162498 TI - Advertising standards of the American Dental Association. PMID- 3162499 TI - Clinical impressions of extended wear success relative to patient age. PMID- 3162500 TI - Regular replacement of extended wear lenses. PMID- 3162502 TI - A comparison of new hydrogen peroxide disinfection systems. AB - A comparison of seven hydrogen peroxide systems for disinfection of contact lenses is presented. Each system differs by the manner in which the remaining peroxide is neutralized after disinfection. These differences are reflected in the total time required by each system, the resulting pH, unreacted peroxide and residual products. The flexibility and potential risks of each system are also discussed. PMID- 3162501 TI - Rigid contact lens adherence: incidence, severity and recovery. AB - The incidence of rigid lens adherence in one eye of 25 subjects was compared to the results for the fellow eye wearing a soft lens of nearly equal permeability in an in-laboratory overnight study. A 48% incidence of adherence was found for both extended wear modalities, which demonstrates the high frequency of this problem. Adherence of both rigid and soft lenses caused epithelial breakdown and corneal distortion, but these sequelae were generally more severe with rigid lenses. Recovery data on nine subjects whose rigid lenses adhered show that positive signs of adherence often disappear within 1 hour, demonstrating the need for early morning examinations. Practical considerations for the detection of rigid lens adherence and the possible consequences of failure to diagnose this condition are discussed. PMID- 3162503 TI - Fetal and postnatal oxytocin secretion in the pig before and after a prostaglandin challenge. AB - Maturation of oxytocin secretion was studied in anaesthetized male and female 80 (n = 42) and 105 (n = 35) days-old fetal pigs and in conscious unrestrained piglets 4 weeks post partum (n = 11). Blood samples were taken from the maternal jugular vein and simultaneously from the exteriorized umbilical artery of fetuses (n = 4/sow) kept in utero under acute experimental conditions. Four weeks-old piglets were catheterized chronically. After initial observation of basal oxytocin secretion PGF2 alpha (0.5 mg in fetal and 2.5 mg in postnatal pigs as an intramuscular injection) was used as a challenge for oxytocin release. In sham groups physiological saline was injected. After treatment blood was collected up to 25 min (fetuses 80 days), 35 min (fetuses 105 days) or 125 min (piglets). Sampling interval was 5 min (fetuses 80 d) or 10 min (other groups). Maternal oxytocin concentrations remained at a stable level throughout the experiment and were not altered by PGF2 alpha application to the fetus. In the fetus, preinjection baseline oxytocin levels were obtained for all age groups with no sex difference. PGF2 alpha resulted in a rise (P less than 0.001) of fetal and postnatal oxytocin release within 5 min. In the day 80 fetal group only 60% of the animals responded with an increase of oxytocin concentration while 100% of the animals responded in all other age groups. Oxytocin levels remained elevated for the rest of the observation period in all age groups. Again, no sex difference was detected. The data demonstrate that oxytocin secretion is present and could be stimulated in the fetal pig as early as day 80 of fetal life. Maturational changes expressed by an increase in the number of fetuses responding to a challenge of PGF2 alpha with a release of oxytocin become apparent between day 80 and 105 of pregnancy. PMID- 3162504 TI - The Trach Care closed tracheal suction system: a new medical device to permit tracheal suctioning without interruption of ventilatory assistance. PMID- 3162505 TI - The effects of detergent on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of blood group substances. AB - The detergents 1-0-n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (OBG) and sodium n-dodecyl sulphate (SDS) have been used to extract blood group substances from human erythrocyte membranes for detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of detergent concentration on the extraction process and detection by ELISA have been investigated. Detergent extraction increased the ELISA response relative to response from membrane suspensions approximately 1000-fold. Optimum responses occurred using detergent concentrations near the critical micelle concentration (cmc) for OBG and below the cmc for SDS. High detergent concentrations interfered with the ELISA but this effect was reduced by dilution of the extracts before adsorption of antigen on the microtitre wells. The interference effects of detergent on ELISA were also investigated using ovarian cyst glycoproteins as antigen. It was found that detergents inhibit the assay at the initial stage by competing with antigens for adsorption sites on the microtitre well surface and that subsequent detergent can displace pre-bound antigen. The results are discussed in terms of detergent binding to proteins (and glycoproteins) in relation to free (unbound) detergent concentration. PMID- 3162506 TI - A possible zymogen self-destruct mechanism preventing pancreatic autodigestion. AB - Incubation at 37 degrees C of human cationic trypsinogen purified by PAGE electrophoresis, results in development of proteolytic activity (enzyme Y) capable of rapidly degrading cationic and anionic trypsinogens to inert products. Enzyme Y appears to be a serine protease with a molecular weight of about 20,000 daltons and is different from any of the known pancreatic enzymes. The active enzyme may be derived from trypsinogen itself or a hitherto unrecognized precursor contaminating the trypsinogen fraction used in this work. Appearance of enzyme Y activity seems to be associated with the presence of traces of free trypsin. Enzyme Y possesses insignificant or no activity when tested with a variety of synthetic trypsin, chymotrypsin and other protease substrates. It is not inactivated by the specific trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors TLCK and TPCK, but its activity is reduced gradually by increasing concentrations of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor. Ca2+ concentrations greater than 3 mM strongly inhibit enzyme Y, and diisopropylfluorophosphate completely inactivates it. The enzyme is stable when incubated at pH 1.9 and 37 degrees C for 30 min and its activity is not abolished by treatment with Hg2+. When added to pancreatic juice with low inhibitor content it causes rapid inactivation of zymogens without significant release of active enzymes or reduction of pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. Its physiological role may be perceived as a second line of defense against premature intrapancreatic activation of zymogens. Enzyme Y activity may be generated when trypsin inhibitor, the first line of defense, is sufficiently depleted by complex formation with inappropriately released trypsin to permit dissociation of a small amount of trypsin from this complex. This in turn may lead to activation of enzyme Y and inactivation of the zymogens of pancreatic proteases. PMID- 3162508 TI - Changes in the concentrations of prostaglandins E and F in the utero-placental tissues of late pregnant rabbit after the administration of oxytocin or prostaglandin F2 alpha. AB - We have investigated the effects of exogenous oxytocin and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) on the concentrations of prostaglandins E and F (PGE and PGF) in the utero-placental tissues in late pregnant rabbit. The subjects were 5 rabbits each on days 26, 27 and 30 of pregnancy. After one side of the uterine horn was excised as the control, 3,000 micrograms of PGF2 alpha, 10 microU of oxytocin or 1 ml of saline was administered to 2,2 and 1 rabbits as an iv bolus dose. After 10 minutes, the remaining side of the uterine horn was excised. The myometrium, fetal and maternal cotyledon, decidua and amnion were separated. The concentrations of PGE and PGE in each tissue were measured by radioimmunoassay after extraction. The highest concentration of PGE was observed in the fetal cotyledon and that of PGF in the decidua. The amniotic PGE concentration significantly decreased after the administration of both oxytocin and PGF2 alpha. The myometrial PGF concentration increased significantly after the administration of PGF2 alpha, and the degree of the increase in PGF became greater as pregnancy advanced. However, the myometrial PGF concentration did not increase after the administration of oxytocin. PMID- 3162509 TI - Amyloid-enhancing factor: production and response in amyloidosis-susceptible and resistant mouse strains. AB - Genetic variations in the development of casein-induced amyloidosis exist among inbred strains of mice: CBA/J and C57BL/6J mice are susceptible, while A/J strain mice are resistant to this disease. Amyloidosis is usually induced by daily injections of an inflammatory stimulus for 2-3 wk. The deposition of amyloid in experimental animals can be accelerated by injection of a material called amyloid enhancing factor (AEF); when injected concomitantly with an inflammatory stimulus, AEF provokes appearance of amyloidosis as early as 2 days after injection. AEF is extracted from amyloid laden or from normal organs (although in small amount). Our studies were designed to determine if the resistance to amyloidosis seen in A/J mice was either due to a lack of AEF production or to an inability of these mice to respond to AEF. A standard source of CBA/J-derived AEF facilitated the development of amyloidosis in the organs of both the susceptible (CBA/J, C57BL/6J) and the resistant A/J mice. On the contrary, amyloidosis was only induced in susceptible CBA/J hosts when material derived from susceptible (CBA/J, C57BL/6J) animals was injected. CBA/J mice injected with A/J-derived AEF preparation did not develop amyloidosis. These results thus suggest that the determination of resistance or susceptibility to secondary amyloidosis could operate at the level of AEF production. PMID- 3162507 TI - Chronic pancreatitis, HLA and autoimmunity. AB - HLA-A and B antigens were studied in 88 Caucasoids with chronic pancreatitis resident in the Manchester area. In the subgroup of 52 patients with alcohol related chronic pancreatitis HLA-B21 was significantly increased in frequency compared with 344 local controls (Pc = 0.0128). In the non-alcoholic sub-group of 36 patients, the incidence of HLA-A1 was significantly higher than in controls (Pc = 0.0021); whilst HLA-B8 was present in 38.8% of patients and 27.9% of controls. When these data are amalgamated with data from Lyon (France), the antigen HLA-A1 is significantly associated with non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 3162510 TI - Phorbol myristate acetate induced oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin by neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease. AB - The oxidative metabolic burst of stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) has been evaluated by the measurement of oxygen consumption, chemiluminescence, and oxygen radicals (O2-, H2O2, OH-) derived from activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS). PMNs from patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) are shown to lack functional NADPH oxidase and undetectable oxygen radical generation. However, using single cell analysis by flow cytometry and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) oxidation by H2O2, significant DCFH oxidation by the PMA stimulated CGD PMNs was observed. Furthermore, 1mM potassium cyanide enhanced DCFH oxidation by control and CGD PMNs. DCFH oxidation by cells from an obligate heterozygous mother of an X-linked CGD patient was intermediate. These observations suggest that a PMA induced oxidase enzyme is present in CGD cells. PMID- 3162511 TI - Antigenic variation and macrophage infiltration of human bladder tumors xenografted into nude mice. AB - The presence of macrophages both within and around human bladder transitional cell carcinomas xenografted into nude mice has been examined using immunocytochemical staining. Nine different xenograft lines derived from bladder tumors of eight patients were stained for F4/80, MHC II and PGP-1 labelled cells. The results revealed considerable heterogeneity both within and between tumors. All of the tumors generated some macrophage response at the tumor periphery, and this was marked in two instances, UCRU-BL-13, passage 9 and UCRU-BL-17, passage 2. In only two tumors was there substantial penetration of the tumor epithelium by macrophages, though infiltrating Ia+, F4/80+, PGP-1+ cells were sometimes seen spreading along the base of the epithelial sheets. Three of the tumors were characterized by the presence of L3T4+ T lymphocytes at the invasion front. The presence of macrophages or lymphocytes either at the invasion front or within the tumors did not correlate with the pathological grade of the tumors. PGP-1 monoclonal antibodies also stained granulocytes, which were present within the tumor mass in UCRU-BL-15, passage 2, possibly reflecting the production by the tumor of G-CSF. In addition, the PGP-1 antibodies stained some of the bladder tumors cells themselves, and, in some cases, the interstitial structures within the tumors. The significance of this staining is not yet understood. The xenografted tumors will provide a useful model to examine the constraints on tumor therapy using macrophage activating stimuli. PMID- 3162512 TI - Racial differences in acute lymphocytic leukemia mortality and incidence trends. AB - Mortality and morbidity rates for childhood leukemia are examined with reference to time trends and racial differences. Prior to 1964, white and nonwhite children had very different acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) mortality rates. With the advent of successful chemotherapy, the mortality rate of ALL in white children has decreased resulting in virtually no racial differences in ALL mortality. The reasons for a stable ALL mortality rate in nonwhite children despite successful chemotherapy include poor access to health care, undefined socioeconomic factors and a biologically different type of ALL occurring in nonwhite children. Recent data from two cancer surveys (1969-1971, 1973-1976) reveal that nonwhite children have a lower incidence of ALL than white children. Underreporting in the nonwhite children could partly account for the difference, but other contributing factors might include a genetic predisposition, undefined socioeconomic influences, and perhaps, a viral agent. Further studies of the factors contributing to racial differences in ALL incidence and mortality are needed. PMID- 3162513 TI - Evaluation of the utility of a radioimmunoassay for serum CA 19-9 levels in patients before and after treatment of carcinoma of the pancreas. AB - By radioimmunoassay we determined circulating levels of a tumor-associated antigen, CA 19-9, in 47 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, to learn if serial testing was useful in predicting prognosis or in detecting disease progression. Before treatment, 42 (89%) had an abnormal serum level, and 45 (96%) had an abnormal level at some time during the disease course. A pretreatment value of less than 1,000 U/mL (normal, less than or equal to 37 U/mL) was found in 38 patients; 20 (53%) had resectable disease. One of nine patients (11%) with a pretreatment value greater than 1,000 U/mL had resectable disease (P2 = .05). Among 14 patients who underwent pancreatectomy and were studied serially, the CA 19-9 level normalized in eight; seven (88%) survived greater than or equal to 18 months. Six patients whose levels did not normalize after pancreatectomy all died in less than 12 months (P2 less than .005). Greatly elevated levels occurred in 11 patients after pancreatectomy 1 to 7 months before clinically apparent recurrence. The other three patients without significant elevations remain clinically free of disease. The data suggest that serial determination of serum CA 19-9 levels are useful as a prognostic indicator and in detecting disease recurrence following pancreatectomy. Concurrent determinations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels showed abnormal preoperative values in 28 of 46 patients tested (61%). Concurrent serial postoperative determinations of CEA were available in ten patients. Whereas CA 19-9 values clearly indicated eight recurrences, CEA was helpful in only four. In this small group of patients, CA 19-9 was a better predictor of recurrence. PMID- 3162514 TI - High peripheral blast count in adult acute myelogenous leukemia is a primary risk factor for CNS leukemia. AB - The lengthening remission duration achievable in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) places patients at risks for CNS leukemic relapse. We reviewed the data on two Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) trials in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia to determine the incidence of CNS leukemia (CNSL). The incidence of CNSL was 5% (30 of 569 patients) overall, and 3% (ten of 331) in patients in complete remission (CR). A number of factors were evaluated for association with increased risk of CNSL. Men more frequently developed CNSL than women at a three to one ratio, and median presenting WBC counts were higher in affected than unaffected patients (44,200/microL v 17,000/microL, P = .01). The low incidence of CNSL in AML supports the view that CNS prophylaxis is unnecessary. However, because 68% of patients (13 of 19) who developed CNSL early in the course of disease had presenting WBC counts greater than 40,000/microL, screening lumbar punctures should be routinely obtained during induction therapy in patients presenting with high circulating blast cell counts. PMID- 3162515 TI - Synergy between high-dose cytarabine and asparaginase in the treatment of adults with refractory and relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia--a Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study. AB - One hundred ninety-five adult patients with refractory or first relapse acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) were randomly assigned to receive high-dose cytarabine (HiDAC), 3 g/m2 as a three-hour intravenous (IV) infusion every 12 hours for four doses, followed by 6,000 IU/m2 asparaginase (ASNase) administered at hour 42, or HiDAC without ASNase. Treatment was repeated on day 8. The median patient age was 52 years. There was an overall superior complete remission (CR) rate for HiDAC/ASNase (40%) v HiDAC (24%), P = .02. Subset analysis according to prior response and age showed the following CR rates: 54% from HiDAC/ASNase treatment of refractory AML in patients less than 60 years, and 31% in patients greater than 60 years; CR from HiDAC in the same refractory groups were 18% (less than 60) and 0% (greater than 60); 37% from HiDAC/ASNase treatment of relapsed AML in patients less than 60 years, and 43% in patients greater than 60 years; CRs from HiDAC in the same relapsed groups were 33% (less than 60) and 21% (greater than 60). Toxicity in the two treatment arms was comparable and consisted primarily of leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, mild hepatic dysfunction, diarrhea, conjunctivitis and serositis, and hyperglycemia. There was only one case of transient cerebellar toxicity and no cutaneous toxicity. Median time to full hematologic recovery was 5 weeks. There was an overall survival benefit for patients treated with HiDAC/ASNase (19.6 weeks) compared with HiDAC (15.9 weeks), P = .046, primarily attributable to effects in refractory patients. Median time to failure for refractory patients who achieved CR was 38.5 weeks with HiDAC/ASNase, and 13.3 weeks for those treated with HiDAC. For relapsed patients in CR from HiDAC/ASNase the median time to failure was 17.7 weeks and 18.3 weeks for HiDAC. The overall 42% CR rate from HiDAC/ASNase v 12% from HiDAC in patients with refractory AML indicates that HiDAC/ASNase is not cross-resistant with standard-dose cytarabine (SDAC) and anthracyclines. We conclude that HiDAC/ASNase has substantial activity in poor-prognosis AML and that this combination warrants further trials in earlier stage disease. PMID- 3162516 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of epidoxorubicin and doxorubicin in humans. AB - Pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin (DOX), epidoxorubicin (EPI), and their metabolites in plasma have been performed in eight patients receiving 40 to 56 mg/m2 of both anthracyclines as a bolus injection in two sequential cycles. Terminal half-life and volume of distribution appeared to be smaller in case of EPI, whereas plasma clearance and cumulative urinary excretion was larger in comparison to DOX. The major metabolite of DOX was doxorubicinol (Aol) followed by 7-deoxy-doxorubicinol (7d-Aolon). Metabolism to glucuronides was found in case of EPI only. The area under the curves (AUC) of the metabolites of EPI decreased in the order of the glucoronides E-glu greater than Eol-glu, 7d-Aolon greater than epirubicinol (Eol). The AUC of Eol was half of the value in its counterpart Aol. In the case of EPI, the AUC of 7d-Aolon was twice the level of that of the corresponding metabolite of DOX. The terminal half-lives of the cytostatic metabolites Aol and Eol were similar, but longer than the corresponding values of their parent drugs. Half-lives of the glucuronides (E-glu, Eol-glu) were similar to the half-life of their parent drug. 7d-Aolon had a somewhat shorter half-life in comparison to both DOX and EPI. Approximately 6.2% of EPI and 5.9% of DOX were excreted by the kidney during the initial 48 hours. Aol was found in the urine of patients treated with DOX, whereas Eol, E-glu, and Eol-glu were detected in urine of patients treated with EPI. The cumulative urinary excretion appeared to be 10.5% for EPI and its metabolites, and 6.9% for DOX and its metabolite. The plasma concentration v time curves of (7d)-aglycones showed a second peak between two and 12 hours after injection, suggesting an enterohepatic circulation for metabolites lacking the daunosamine sugar moiety. The plasma concentrations of the glucuronides were maximal at 1.2 hours for E-glu and 1.9 hours for Eol-glu. All other compounds reached their maximum plasma concentration during the first minutes after the administration of DOX and EPI. Deviating plasma kinetics were observed in one patient, probably due to prior drug administration. PMID- 3162517 TI - Nursing work assignments: rights and responsibilities. PMID- 3162519 TI - A call for information on massive osteolysis. PMID- 3162518 TI - Can we talk? PMID- 3162520 TI - Tomographic evaluation of temporomandibular joints following discoplasty or placement of polytetrafluoroethylene implants. AB - A retrospective comparison was made of tomographic change in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of patients who had been treated by either discoplasty or discectomy with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) disc replacement. Fifty-five PTFE- and 18 discoplasty-treated joints were evaluated. More than 60% of the PTFE-treated joints showed severe, destructive osseous change, whereas none of the discoplasty joints showed such change. Histologic examination of the tissues surrounding removed PTFE implants showed a foreign body giant cell reaction. The severity of radiographic change raises questions about the propriety of PTFE as a disc replacement material. PMID- 3162521 TI - Growth of the maxilla after soft tissue palatal surgery at different ages in beagle dogs: a longitudinal radiographic study. AB - This study investigated maxillary growth after palatal surgery at different ages in beagle dogs. Soft tissue clefts were created in the median region of the palate at the age of 6 (group 1), 16 (group 2), and 25 weeks (group 3). Relaxation incisions were made, and the mucoperiosteum was elevated and closed in the midline, leaving two areas of denuded bone adjacent to the dentition. Metallic implants were placed in the palate, and dorso-ventral and lateral radiographs were made until the age of 37 weeks to study sutural growth and overall growth of the maxilla. In groups 1 and 2, growth in the midpalatal suture was less, compared to the control, from 16 to 25 weeks and from 16 to 37 weeks of age. In group 2, less increase was also found in the transverse palatal sutures. Group 3, the sham group, and the control group did not show significant differences. None of the dimensions measured on the lateral radiographs showed any significant differences for any group. It was concluded that palatal surgery as performed in this study has no influence on vertical and antero-posterior maxillary growth; only transverse palatal growth is influenced to a minor degree, especially when surgery is performed before or during the eruption of the permanent posterior teeth. PMID- 3162522 TI - Microangiographic and histologic evaluation of revascularization and healing after genioplasty by osteotomy of the inferior border of the mandible. AB - Correlated microangiographic and histologic studies in adult rhesus monkeys indicate that a pedicled genioplasty involving osteotomy of the inferior mandibular border maintains circulation and osseous viability of the repositioned genial segment. Circulation to the dental pulps was also not discernibly affected when accomplished a minimum of 8 mm below the root apices. PMID- 3162523 TI - The effect of antenatal surgery on postnatal palatal growth in sheep. AB - It has been suggested that repair of skin and mucosal wounds carried out in animals in utero leaves little or no trace of the operative procedure when examined at birth. This study examined the palates of lambs affected surgically in utero postnatally for scarring and transverse palatal growth. Nineteen pregnant sheep were affected at 120 days gestation. Surviving lambs followed for 6 months demonstrated altered palatal morphology. PMID- 3162524 TI - Compartment syndrome following oral and maxillofacial surgery. AB - Compartment syndrome must be included in the differential diagnosis in any patient who complains of pain or neuromuscular deficit in an extremity. The etiology, differential diagnosis, clinical features, and treatment of compartment syndrome are reviewed to assist in proper diagnosis and management. Although the exact etiology in this case will never be ascertained, delay in diagnosis and treatment resulted in a neuromuscular deficit. It is therefore imperative that proper patient positioning during the perioperative period be closely monitored to avoid this complication. PMID- 3162526 TI - An appliance for early reduction of Le Fort fractures. PMID- 3162525 TI - Regression of a large ameloblastoma after biopsy is performed. PMID- 3162528 TI - Lesions of enamel focal demineralization in groups of Russian and Finnish children. PMID- 3162529 TI - Caries experience in children with lingually erupted mandibular permanent incisors. PMID- 3162530 TI - Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: an unusual case report of twins. PMID- 3162527 TI - Self-concept and cooperation with orthodontic instructions: a re-analysis. PMID- 3162531 TI - Osseous and dental changes in the presence of lymphangioma. PMID- 3162532 TI - Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis: assessment of pulmonary disease by gallium-67 scintigraphy. AB - We present a case of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis with pulmonary involvement. Scintigraphic evaluation with gallium-67 citrate demonstrated bilateral hilar uptake on 2 occasions. Possible mechanisms for gallium avidity are discussed. Gallium scintigraphy has a potential role for assessing systemic involvement in this disease. PMID- 3162533 TI - Synthesis and biological properties of actinomycin D chromophoric analogues substituted at carbon 7 with aziridine and cyclopropyl functions. AB - The growing importance of functionalized tricyclic rings, e.g., cyclopropyl and aziridine, in numerous organic biomolecules led us to develop syntheses of novel actinomycin D (AMD) analogues substituted with aziridine and cyclopropyl functions. Reaction of 7-hydroxyactinomycin D with 1-aziridineethyl iodide and bromomethylcycloporopane afforded the desired 7-[2-(1-aziridinyl)ethoxy] and cyclopropylmethoxy analogues, respectively. Calf thymus DNA binding of these analogues was comparable to that of AMD as examined by UV-vis difference spectral measurements, CD techniques, and relaxation of supercoiled closed circular SV40 DNA, indicating an intercalative mode of binding to the DNA duplex. Thermal denaturation of DNA experiments employing higher temperatures than room temperature exhibit a thermal lability of the DNA analogue complexes, suggestive of a probable covalent bond formation with DNA bases. The analogues were found to be 1/4-1/40 as cytotoxic to human lymphoblastic CCRF-CEM leukemia and B16 melanoma cells in vitro as AMD, with ID50 values in the nanomolar concentration range. PMID- 3162534 TI - Synthesis and evaluation of neoplastic cell growth inhibition of 1-N-alkylamide analogues of glycero-3-phosphocholine. AB - Previously unreported analogues of the synthetic antitumor phospholipid ET-18-OMe (1-octadecyl-2-methoxy-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine), in which the 1-ether oxygen has been replaced by an amido group, have been prepared and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic effects and for inhibition of protein kinase C. The title compounds exhibit cytotoxic effects against several tumor cell lines and are approximately equipotent to ET-18-OMe. The compounds were also found to inhibit protein kinase C in an in vitro assay. This work is a continuation of our previous structure-activity studies on thio-substituted derivatives of ET-18-OMe. PMID- 3162535 TI - Evidence linking familial thrombosis with a defective antithrombin III gene in two British kindreds. AB - Using DNA probes in a structural study of the antithrombin III gene locus we found no evidence of gene deletion in two British kindreds with inherited antithrombin III deficiency. However, linkage analysis between a common DNA polymorphism and the antithrombin III deficiency trait showed that the defect lies at or close to the antithrombin III structural gene. The lod score for linkage within the larger Scottish kindred was 3.1 (theta = 0). These results are consistent with previously published data suggesting that mutation of the antithrombin III structural gene is the cause of inherited antithrombin III deficiency in some families. PMID- 3162537 TI - Disposable lenses: a pandora's box? PMID- 3162536 TI - Mild and severe muscular dystrophy associated with deletions in Xp21 of the human X chromosome. AB - We have analysed over 300 patients suffering from Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD or BMD). Deletions have been characterised which encompass either the pERT87 (DXS164) locus only, the XJ1.1 (DXS206) and HIP25 loci only, or all three loci. These loci have been shown to lie within the DMD region covering several hundred kilobases (kb) of DNA. One mildly affected BMD patient possesses a deletion of at least 110 kb including exons of the DMD gene. Other patients with similar exon deletions, or smaller deletions, show the more severe phenotype typical of DMD. We conclude from these studies that the severity of the clinical phenotype cannot be explained on the basis of the size of the deletion. We discuss this in the context of candidate gene sequences. PMID- 3162538 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Birth defects caused by isotretinoin--New Jersey. PMID- 3162539 TI - Cortical interstitial cell interactions induce sensitivity of hydronephrotic kidney to bradykinin. AB - The mechanism of the increased prostaglandin production and induction of sensitivity to bradykinin by the cortex of the hydronephrotic rabbit kidney was investigated using tissue culture techniques. Cortical interstitial cells from normal, unilaterally hydronephrotic and contralateral kidneys were grown in tissue culture. Cells derived from hydronephrotic kidneys, but not normal or contralateral, increased PGE2 production when incubated with bradykinin. Of the two cell types, fibroblasts and macrophages, grown from hydronephrotic explants, neither increased prostaglandin production when grown alone in tissue culture. Recombining the two cell types restored bradykinin responsiveness. Bradykinin responsiveness could be induced in either normal or contralateral cell cultures when macrophages from the hydronephrotic kidney were added to cultures of cells from normal or contralateral cortex. The data indicate unique characteristics of hydronephrotic macrophages are involved in the induction of bradykinin responsiveness in the cortex of the ureter-ligated kidney. PMID- 3162541 TI - 17th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Cell biology of virus entry, replication and pathogenesis. PMID- 3162540 TI - Antibody to the AIDS virus in Kaposi's sarcoma in Nigeria. AB - The present study has investigated whether Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in Nigeria is associated with infection with the AIDS virus variously called human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), lymphadenopathy/AIDS virus (LAV), and AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV). Serum samples from 40 KS patients, 30 patients with malignant melanoma of the foot (contemporaneous controls), and 50 normal nontumour-bearing controls were tested for anti-AIDS virus antibody by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The assay consistently and reproducibly failed to show seropositivity in all the patients and controls. These results show that Kaposi's sarcoma in Nigeria is not associated with infection with the AIDS virus and that the virus is not endemic in this region. PMID- 3162542 TI - 17th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: The molecular basis of plant development. PMID- 3162544 TI - 17th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Cellular and molecular biology of muscle development. PMID- 3162543 TI - 17th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Molecular biology of plant-pathogen interactions. PMID- 3162545 TI - Serologic testing for human immunodeficiency virus antibodies. AB - Familiarity with available serologic tests for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become increasingly important in a wide variety of clinical settings. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) commercial kits are most often used as Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) commercial kits are most often used as screening tests, and Western blot techniques are used for confirmation of positive results. ELISA specificity and sensitivity exceed 98%; the predictive value of a positive test varies from 2% for a weakly positive test in a low-prevalence population to 99% for a strongly positive test in a high-risk group. Confirmatory Western blot testing identifies antibodies with affinity for specific HIV antigens. Indeterminate Western blot antibody patterns necessitate subsequent testing or alternative methods for interpretation. A "window" period of up to 3 or more months follows acute HIV infection before seropositivity occurs. PMID- 3162546 TI - Malignant bone tumors: improvement in prognosis. PMID- 3162547 TI - [Change in cell line in relapses of acute lymphoid leukemia: frequency, morphologic, phenotypic and cytogenetic characteristics and clinical course]. PMID- 3162548 TI - Deletion of DNA sequences flanking an Mr 19,000 zein gene reduces its transcriptional activity in heterologous plant tissues. AB - Analysis of a series of clones containing deletions in the 5' noncoding sequence of a gene encoding an Mr 19,000 zein allowed identification of a region required for maximal transcription. Transcriptional activity was assayed in two heterologous plant systems. In one system, the Ti plasmid was used to introduce the modified zein genes into the sunflower genome. In the other system, electroporation was used to transform carrot protoplasts with plasmids containing the zein genes. For the electroporation experiments, the 5' noncoding sequences from the zein clones were linked to the protein coding sequence of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase. The results showed that an upstream sequence, delimited by nucleotides -337 and -125 with respect to the mRNA cap site, is required for maximal transcription of the gene. In contrast, very low levels of transcription were directed by constructs that contained 125 bp of 5' noncoding sequence that included the CAAT and TATA boxes, suggesting that the additional sequences (-337 to -125) further 5' exert a quantitative effect on transcription. Examination of the additional 5' sequences showed five regions that share homology with the SV40 enhancer core sequence. PMID- 3162549 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma complicating acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission. AB - Second malignancies occurring in patients cured of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are rare but increasingly recognized. There are only three reported cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma complicating ALL in remission. We report here another case of B-cell-type large-cell lymphoma, presenting in the uterus of a 24-year-old woman, 16.5 years after the diagnosis of ALL was made. Although immune markers of the ALL were not available, it was thought to be unlikely that the second malignancy was a relapse of the original tumor. Due to the long latency period and the minimal exposure to alkylating agents, the role of chemotherapy seems to be insignificant in this case. The development of a second malignancy could be a manifestation of the basic susceptibility to cancer. PMID- 3162551 TI - [Recommendation for technical safety testing limited to operating safety and functional capacity of respirators]. PMID- 3162550 TI - Two distinct mechanisms of transcriptional control operate on c-myc during differentiation of HL60 cells. AB - We examined the mechanisms that control the downregulation of the c-myc mRNA during differentiation of HL60 cells. On treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide, HL60 cells downmodulated their steady-state c-myc message levels, ceased to proliferate, and underwent terminal differentiation. In nuclear run-on assays in which distinct segments of the c-myc gene were used as probes, an increased blocking to elongation of nascent c-myc transcripts was shown during the early phase of differentiation. During a later phase, however, a loss of transcriptional initiation was observed. This loss of promoter activity correlated well with dramatic changes in the chromatin structure of the c-myc gene, as determined by DNase I-hypersensitive site analysis. In particular, two hypersensitive sites near the two major c-myc promoters disappeared at the time that promotion abated. The newly described, later-acting negative transcriptional control of c-myc also correlated temporally with the inability to reverse the downregulation of the c-myc message quickly on withdrawal of the differentiating agent. Therefore, a terminal step during differentiation may be linked to the later-acting mode of transcriptional regulation of c-myc. The evidence presented in this report has implications for tumorigenesis in Burkitt lymphomas, in which the germ line, nontranslocated c-myc allele is transcriptionally silent. PMID- 3162553 TI - HIV testing for NIH laboratory workers gets under way. PMID- 3162552 TI - Newborns to be tested. PMID- 3162554 TI - In vitro cytotoxicity of caracemide alone and in combination with hydroxyurea or iron-chelating agents in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells and murine tumors. AB - The cytotoxic effect of caracemide and hydroxyurea was compared in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Caracemide was found to be about twelve times more effective than hydroxyurea. The combined effect of caracemide, hydroxyurea and hydrophobic iron-chelating agents at relatively nontoxic concentrations was studied. Hydroxyurea, 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline combined with caracemide synergistically inhibited DNA synthesis, while Desferal did not show any such effect. Fe++ partially reversed the cytotoxicity of caracemide in combination with 2,2'-bipyridine, while it had no effect on the cytotoxicity of caracemide alone. Caracemide was found to have a stronger inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis in P388 lymphocytic leukemia and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells than hydroxyurea. However, bipyridine, phenanthroline and Desferal in combination with caracemide did not induce any synergistic inhibition. These data indicate the value of human tumor cells to predict drug responsiveness and suggest the further evaluation of caracemide and its combination with hydroxyurea and iron chelating agents in the treatment of human leukemias. PMID- 3162555 TI - McArdle's disease and acute renal failure. PMID- 3162556 TI - Thromboxane synthetase inhibition with imidazole increases blood flow in ischemic penumbra. AB - Previous studies have indicated that the regional distribution of the arachidonic acid metabolites around a focal ischemic lesion may be important in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. To determine the functional significance of this regionalization, we examined the effect of imidazole (a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor) on the distribution of the vasoconstrictor thromboxane and the vasodilators prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and on the distribution of cerebral blood flow (CBF) around a focal ischemic lesion, middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in the cat. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase examined regional distribution of tissue arachidonic acid metabolites and the effect of imidazole treatment on that distribution. The second phase examined the effect of imidazole treatment on the distribution of blood flow about the focal ischemic lesion as well as on electrocortical function and edema production. MCA occlusion resulted in increased thromboxane, prostacyclin, and PGE2 levels in the ipsilateral hemisphere. These increases were greatest in the region of marginal ischemia and were present both 3 and 6 hours after occlusion. Imidazole pretreatment (50 mg/kg i.p.) significantly inhibited thromboxane production, but augmented production of prostacyclin and PGE2. In the blood flow studies, imidazole was without effect on regions of dense cerebral ischemia (CBF less than 20 ml/minute/100 g for more than 12 of 24 postocclusion hours). In regions of marginal ischemia (20 less than CBF less than 30 ml/minute/100 g for more than 12 of 24 postocclusion hours), imidazole pretreatment significantly increased blood flow in both gray and white matter compared with saline-treated controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3162557 TI - Indomethacin and dexamethasone treatment in experimental neoplastic spinal cord compression: Part 2. Effect on edema and prostaglandin synthesis. AB - Edema formation and prostanoid production (prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) were studied in a model of neoplastic epidural cord compression (NSCC) in rats harboring a thoracolumbar tumor. Tumor-free and tumor-bearing animals were randomized for three treatments at 12-hour intervals with saline, dexamethasone (10 mg/kg i.p.), or indomethacin (10 mg/kg i.p.). Increase in water content was observed only in the compressed lumbar cord segments of paralyzed rats; the cervical and thoracic segments did not differ from controls. The rate of release of prostaglandins was evenly distributed along the spinal segments in tumor-free rats. In tumor-bearing rats, a consistent significant increase in PGE2 production was found in the compressed lumbar segment in the presence of neurological dysfunction: early (limp tail), P less than 0.05; paraplegia, P less than 0.001. A significantly elevated PGE2 synthesis preceded the increase in water content by 2 to 3 days. A 2-fold increase in TXB2 was detected in only one of three experiments, and synthesis of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was elevated to 4 times the normal value (P less than 0.005) in two of three experiments. Dexamethasone failed to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in the spinal cord of normal controls or paralyzed rats, whereas in nonneural tissues (liver, uterus) it reduced synthesis of the three metabolites by at least 50%, thus demonstrating a differential effect on central nervous system (CNS) vs. non-CNS tissues. Dexamethasone also failed to reduce the increased water content of the compressed segments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3162559 TI - Dentists as public health officers. PMID- 3162558 TI - [Frequency of in vitro sensitivity to netilmicin and ceftizoxime on selected highly resistant flora in surgical intensive therapy]. AB - The in vitro sensitivity of 132 gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains to Netilmycin and Ceftizoxime was assessed in order to update the statistics on the a priori efficacy of the antibacterial drugs. The flora studied were carefully selected as an extreme case of resistance to the standard antibiotics. Netilmycin was found to be effective against Staphylococci, Pseudomonas and Enterobacter, Ceftizoxime against Serratia, Acinetobacter, Proteus and Klebsiella. Both drugs were equally effective against E. coli and Citrobacter. PMID- 3162560 TI - An interview with Dr. Gordon Rubin. PMID- 3162563 TI - National Children's Dental Health Month. Forty years of education in prevention. PMID- 3162562 TI - Prevention in pediatric dentistry. PMID- 3162561 TI - Chemomechanical caries removal system in pediatric dentistry. PMID- 3162564 TI - On the "TMJ" issue. PMID- 3162567 TI - Dental franchises: considerations before purchase. PMID- 3162565 TI - Malpractice prevention: new problems require new solutions. PMID- 3162566 TI - Beware of the handshake agreement. PMID- 3162568 TI - Dental practice protection by funded continuation plans. PMID- 3162569 TI - The bottom line on "reciprocity". PMID- 3162570 TI - Are we spreading AIDS by wearing gloves? An open letter to the profession. PMID- 3162571 TI - Avoidance of lawsuits. PMID- 3162572 TI - Carcinogenicity of 1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidine-5-yl)-methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3 nitrosoureahydrochloride and three related N-nitroso derivatives following repeated intravenous administration to male Wistar rats. AB - Long-term toxic evaluation of 1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidine-5-yl)-methyl-3- (2 chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureahydrochloride (ACNU), 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3 (methylene-2-pyridylium)-urea- hydrochloride (CNMPU), 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso 3-(4-thiomorpholino)-urea (CNTMU) and 4-[N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamoyl] morpholine (CNCM) which were administered each at five dosages, adapted to the clinical situation, revealed significantly increased tumor risks for the first three agents in the lung and the adrenal gland. Additionally, CNTMU and ACNU induced a significant rise in the tumor load of the neurogenic tissue; the latter compound, being in clinical use, was associated with a significantly increased number of mammary tumors as well. CNCM, however, did not exhibit significantly elevated carcinogenic activity, although the overall tumor load was up to 2.4 fold increased compared to controls. The results indicate no advantage of the newly developed ACNU with respect to its inherent carcinogenic risk as compared to clinically established 2-chloroethyl-N-nitroso derivatives. PMID- 3162573 TI - A new chromosomal abnormality in a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. AB - A new chromosomal abnormality is being presented in a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL). The cytogenetic findings in this case can be described as 43, XY, t(12;17) (q12;p13), del (4) (q31), -5,-7. This patient developed a treatment-associated leukemia. The possible causal and clinical implications in such patients with unusual cytogenetic findings are stressed. In addition, basic biological as well as public health implications are discussed which are based on particular cytogenetic abnormalities. PMID- 3162574 TI - Treatment of a central arteriovenous malformation of the mandible with cyanoacrylate: a 4-year follow-up. AB - Large arteriovenous malformations of the jaws are relatively rare, potentially life-threatening lesions. When the lesion is not suspected, extraction of teeth can be fatal. The occurrence and treatment of arteriovenous vascular communications in the head and neck region have traditionally presented most perplexing problems. Traditional treatment has usually involved the obtaining of proximal and distal vascular control and surgical removal of the lesions, when feasible. This article presents a case that is of particular interest because it illustrates the successful use of cyanoacrylate as the only treatment for a large arteriovenous malformation of the left side of the mandible. A 4-year follow-up shows no evidence of the lesion and demonstrates complete regeneration of bone in the same area. PMID- 3162575 TI - Determination of the radiographic position of the temporomandibular joint disk. AB - We describe a method of measuring displacement and reduction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disk that makes use of reproducible geometric measurements from radiographs in the sagittal plane. This procedure leads to a simple quantitative classification scheme for condyle-disk-fossa/eminence relationships. The method was applied to microscopic sections of 12 human TMJs and then to 30 complete lateral corrected cephalometric arthotomographic studies of the TMJ. Statistical analyses of the classification scheme confirm that it is highly significant and consistent with clinical diagnoses. PMID- 3162577 TI - Preoperative donation of autologous blood: technique, experience, and community applications. AB - Preoperative donation of autologous blood (PDAB) is the technique of choice for the transfusion of autologous blood for the maxillofacial surgeon. The use of PDAB is increasing, but lack of preoperative planning and lack of available utilization protocols are obstacles to its more widespread use. A technique for PDAB, a review of our experience, and guidelines for community applications are presented. PMID- 3162576 TI - Bilateral internal derangements of temporomandibular joint: evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Two hundred eleven patients with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangements were referred for magnetic resonance imaging. Both TMJs of each patient were routinely evaluated in this prospective investigation. With 422 joints examined, 29% (61) of the patients had bilaterally normal findings, 21% (45) of the patients had one normal side and one abnormal side, and 50% (105) of the patients showed bilateral internal derangements. This clinical study demonstrated a high likelihood of bilateral internal derangements in patients with symptoms of TMJ internal derangements. PMID- 3162578 TI - Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita of the temporomandibular joint. AB - A case of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita involving the temporomandibular joint is reported. This is only the second reported case in which surgery was used in an attempt to alleviate the limited mandibular opening that may be associated with this uncommon condition. The clinical findings at the time of surgery differed significantly from those classically associated with other joints afflicted with this condition, suggesting that a different pathophysiologic mechanism may be involved. PMID- 3162579 TI - Dental erosion and upper gastrointestinal disorders. AB - The orodental status, particularly dental erosions, of 109 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms was examined. In 44 patients, the underlying pathosis was associated with increased acid output in the stomach (reflux esophagitis or duodenal ulcer), while in 48 patients who underwent cholecystectomy, the duodenogastric reflux was alkaline. In 17 patients with gastric ulcer, the gastric secretion was usually normal. The diagnoses were made with gastroscopy. Seven patients with dental erosion were found, and they all came from the group of 35 dental patients with reflux esophagitis or duodenal ulcer. No erosions were seen in the other diagnostic groups (F = 0.02). Thus, gastrointestinal disorders with increased output of gastric acid may be linked with dental erosions. The finding emphasizes the need for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms in order to avoid irreversible lesions in the teeth. PMID- 3162580 TI - Caries risk in patients with Crohn's disease: a pilot study. AB - Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown cause with unpredictable remissions and exacerbations. Associated nutritional deficiencies include those involving zinc, magnesium, vitamin B12, folic acid, and vitamin D. A group of patients with Crohn's disease underwent detailed cariologic investigation at the Department of Cariology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm. Factors predisposing to caries were evaluated according to Krasse's concept of caries risk. On this basis, 11 of the 15 patients had a high caries risk. The concept of caries risk acknowledges the multifactorial background of caries initiation and progression and, in this pilot study, has proved to be an appropriate basis for evaluation of patients with chronic disease. Guidelines for preventive programs appropriate for patients with Crohn's disease, based on the findings of this study, are presented. PMID- 3162581 TI - Oral hairy leukoplakia: ultrastructural observations. AB - On the basis of the clinical appearance and the light microscopic findings, we determined 16 biopsy specimens to be possible examples of oral hairy leukoplakia. All 16 specimens were studied by means of electron microscopy. Ten of these specimens contained typical herpes-type viral particles in the epithelial cells of the upper stratum spinosum. None of the specimens contained ultrastructural evidence of human papillomaviruses. PMID- 3162582 TI - Clinicopathologic study of cemento-osseous dysplasia producing cysts of the mandible. Report of four cases. AB - Four cases of peculiar fibro-osseous lesions in the mandible are presented. All of the lesions were located in association with cysts, with or without connection to the cyst walls. According to radiographic as well as histologic studies, the central fibro-osseous lesions were similar to cemento-osseous dysplasia, while the cysts were similar to solitary bone cyst. PMID- 3162583 TI - Mesiodistal root fracture. Three case reports. AB - Vertical root fractures present a complex diagnostic problem. Three cases of vertical root fractures are presented. In the first case, there was a mesiodistal vertical fracture with an almost intact tooth structure. In the second case, there was a mesiodistal vertical fracture with an extensive amalgam restoration and improper root canal treatment. The third case showed extensive root caries with proper root canal therapy. All of the cases resulted in periodontal defects with subsequent loss of the tooth. Diagnosis was obtained with the use of clinical, fiberoptic, and disclosing solution examinations. Histologic examination revealed pulpal canals devoid of vital tissue and filled with necrotic material, debris, neutrophils, and bacterial colonies. PMID- 3162584 TI - The use of ultrasonic instrumentation in the cleansing and enlargement of the root canal. AB - The purpose of this study is to compare the cleansing effect of ultrasonic devices with that of hand instrumentation. When ultrasonic instrumentation is used in a curved canal, instruments should be precurved to some degree. The ultrasonic method is superior to the manual method in removal of debris from the root canal. PMID- 3162585 TI - Complement activation as a possible in vitro indication of the inflammatory potential of endodontic materials. AB - Samples of four brands of gutta-percha and the nine ingredients that make up one brand were studied in vitro to observe their interaction with the serum complement system, thus allowing for assessment of their possible inflammatory potential. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of the third complement component was used as an indicator of complement activation. The four different brands of gutta percha showed comparable complement activation as determined by C3 conversion. When the ingredients of one brand of gutta-percha were examined for complement activating properties, major activities were associated with gutta-percha compound, agerite stalite-antioxidant, and titanium oxide food grade. The significance of the possible inflammatory potential of gutta-percha and its ingredients, as it relates to endodontic therapy, is discussed. PMID- 3162586 TI - Vertical tomography of the temporomandibular joint with the use of a dental chair and intraoral x-ray unit. AB - While designs for tomographic imaging are numerous, there are no reports in the literature of a vertical tomographic device based on a principle of patient movement relative to a fixed x-ray source. A vertical tomographic device was constructed with the use of a conventional dental chair to generate tomographic movement and a variable kilovolt (peak) intraoral x-ray unit as the x-ray generator. The device was assembled with commonly available components and construction elements machined from standard metal stock. Images made with 5 x 7 inch cassettes with RP X-Omat film and regular intensifying screens were compared with similar images produced by a commercial linear tomographic device costing about five times as much. Comparison of images of the temporomandibular joint of a tissue-equivalent skull phantom produced by transcranial technique and prototype and control tomograms demonstrated superior imaging produced with tomographic techniques and similar image quality between prototype and control generated films. PMID- 3162587 TI - Technique for using films accidentally exposed to light. AB - Light-exposed films cannot be used clinically because, after processing, they are completely black. Two methods are described in which light-exposed films could be used clinically with application of the principle of solarization: (1) as duplicating films with the use of sunlight and (2) as receptors for images of foliage with the use of sunlight. Light-exposed duplicating films could be used as receptors for images of foliage through use of sunlight exposures. PMID- 3162588 TI - Anomaly of the mandibular canal. PMID- 3162589 TI - On my own but not alone. PMID- 3162591 TI - Femoral-tibial replacement for osteosarcoma. PMID- 3162590 TI - Resolving problems at the intensive care unit/oncology unit interface. PMID- 3162592 TI - Congestive heart failure in rabbits after a single intrapleural administration of a low dose of doxorubicin or epirubicin. AB - Seventeen healthy rabbits were given doxorubicin, 0.1-1.6 mg kg-1, or epirubicin, 0.4-1.6 mg kg-1, through a catheter into the right pleural space. Sacrifice and autopsy one week later showed a local inflammatory reaction with, in some animals, sparse adhesion forming between parietal and visceral pleura. There was a clearly dose-dependent production of thin, straw-coloured exudate. Nineteen healthy rabbits were given intrapleural doxorubicin or epirubicin, 0.2, 0.4 or 0.8 mg kg-1. Autopsy on spontaneously dead (n = 3) or sacrificed animals after six weeks gave clear indications of congestive heart failure after the two higher doses. There were also fibrous adhesions and/or tissue necrosis engaging the pleura, diaphragm and lung. It was concluded that doxorubicin and epirubicin are 40 to 100-fold more cardiotoxic in rabbits when given by the intrapleural route than when given by the intravenous route. The implications are two-fold: 1. doxorubicin or epirubicin should not be given intrapleurally to patients, 2. a new model for drug-induced congestive heart failure has been created, which has the advantage of requiring very small quantities of drug. PMID- 3162593 TI - Some retinoblastomas, osteosarcomas, and soft tissue sarcomas may share a common etiology. AB - DNA and RNA were extracted from primary human osteosarcomas and soft tissue sarcomas obtained from patients without retinoblastoma and were analyzed by hybridization with a cDNA probe for RB mRNA; absence or alterations of the RB gene are associated with development of retinoblastoma. Most of the osteosarcomas or soft tissue sarcomas examined by us did not express detectable levels of RB mRNA, whereas normal cells and epithelial tumor cells did. One osteosarcoma expressed a 2.4-kilobase transcript in addition to a normal 4.7-kilobase species. Our data suggest that transcriptional inactivation or post-transcriptional down regulation of the RB gene may be important in the etiology of some osteosarcomas and soft tissue sarcomas as well as retinoblastomas. PMID- 3162594 TI - Effects of ketoprofen and other drugs on release of prostaglandins from uterus of rabbits in perinatal period. AB - The effects of oral administration of ketoprofen, naproxen, flurbiprofen (1.0 mg/kg), indomethacin (1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg), and acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg) on release of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and prostaglandin E (PGE) from isolated pregnant rabbit uterus were studied comparatively. Ketoprofen, indomethacin, flurbiprofen, naproxen and acetylsalicylic acid reduced the release of PGF2 alpha and PGE from the isolated rabbit uterus. The inhibitory effect was most profound with flurbiprofen, followed, in order, by naproxen, ketoprofen, indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid. A comparative study with intramuscular ketoprofen (0.1, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) was also carried out. The inhibitory effect of ketoprofen on uterine PGF2 alpha and PGE release with intramuscular route was about 10 times more profound than that with oral route. PMID- 3162595 TI - Purulent pericarditis caused by Candida: report of three cases and identification of high-risk populations as an aid to early diagnosis. AB - Purulent pericarditis due to fungal organisms is rare and often unrecognized because of the subtle clinical clues and insidious onset. The records of 11 cases of purulent pericarditis were selected from records of 11,000 cases of pericarditis at Duke University Medical Center and reviewed, and experience with three cases of candida purulent pericarditis (CPP) was evaluated. One case occurred in a patient recovering from complicated cardiac surgery, one in a patient with hematologic malignancy, and one in an alcoholic patient requiring intubation for a severe respiratory infection. Each case is representative of a group at increased risk for the development of CPP. Given the poor prognosis for CPP, treatment should include both medical and surgical interventions. Although amphotericin B achieves good penetration into the inflamed pericardial space, the only survivors of CPP have received both amphotericin B and pericardiectomy. Careful attention to clinical indications of pericardial inflammation and systemic infection in the three groups of patients may lead to earlier recognition of CPP, implementation of appropriate therapy, and perhaps a higher rate of cure. PMID- 3162596 TI - [Safety in the operating room]. PMID- 3162597 TI - Reliability of the periapical index scoring system. AB - Data accumulated in one methodological and two longitudinal clinical studies employing the periapical index (PAI) scoring system were analyzed to assess the usefulness and reliability of the PAI system. More than 93% of pairs of PAI scores were either identical or deviated from each other with one step only for intra- and interexaminer agreement in scoring the same radiograph as well as for intraexaminer agreement in scoring two radiographs of the same root. Untreated roots which on completion of the longitudinal studies were judged to have healthy periapices, were scored as diseased less than 3% of the time during the study. Diseased teeth were scored as healthy less than 7% of the time. The results suggest that the PAI scoring system may be used with a high degree of reliability. PMID- 3162598 TI - Endodontic retreatment decision making among a group of general practitioners. AB - Large interindividual variations have been demonstrated when dentists suggest clinical management of endodontically treated teeth. Since variations also have been shown in radiographic diagnosis of the periapical tissues, a hypothesis was tested that explains variation in treatment as a function of variation in diagnosis. Fifty-four general practitioners suggested diagnosis and management of 32 endodontically treated roots. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient reached 0.298 when the examiners were definitely sure of the presence of a periapical lesion, and 0.356 when probable lesions also were included. Conclusively, the hypothesis seemed to have a limited value in explaining why dentists carry out retreatment. Instead a multi-aspect approach to this problem is suggested. PMID- 3162599 TI - Endurance tests of the masticatory system on different bite force levels. AB - Endurance tests of the masticatory system were performed in three different groups of healthy volunteers in order to investigate the relation between bite force and endurance time on different force levels. The subjects clenched a bite fork until exhaustion. Some tests were performed with and others without visual feedback of the exerted force. It was found that the subjects could sustain the maximal bite force practically at the same level during the recording time with visual feedback. The exerted force varied during the non-feedback recordings and generally decreased on the forceful levels. The average endurance time increased at lower bite force levels and the relation between force and endurance time is described. The average integrated time-force areas did not differ between the test levels. It is concluded that endurance tests in the clinic may be performed on submaximal bite force levels. PMID- 3162600 TI - Effect of image enhancement for detectability of bone lesions in digitized intraoral radiographs. AB - Digital image enhancement is concerned with the computer-controlled manipulation of image information. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether diagnostic accuracy would improve in digitally enhanced images of radiographs with impaired density. Each of 83 dry mandibles was divided into four regions. By random assignment it was decided for each region whether or not a hole should be drilled. Three intraoral radiographs (3 x 4 cm) were performed of each region at different exposure times: 2.0 s, 0.60 s, and 0.16 s and interpreted. The radiographs were thereafter recorded by a video camera connected to an IBM-PC. The personal computer held a hardware digitization card defined at a 512 x 512 x 8 matrix resolution on the basis of which a software program with image enhancement facilities was developed. The light and dark radiographs were digitally enhanced by the use of contrast stretching and smoothing filters. The light (0.16 s) original radiographs were less accurate than the ones with optimal density (0.60 s) while no significant differences were found between dark (2.0 s) and optimal density original radiographs. No significant differences were found between original and digitized radiographs of optimal density and digitally enhanced images of light or dark radiographs. The diagnostic accuracy obtained from optimal density radiographs can thus be maintained in digitized dark radiographs and in light radiographs with a four-times dose reduction after digital image enhancement. PMID- 3162601 TI - Blackening of unprotected dental X-ray films due to scattered radiation. AB - Unexposed films awaiting exposure as well as exposed films awaiting processing are subjected to scattered radiation if kept unprotected in the dental X-ray clinic. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the influence of various storing principles, film speed, and distance from X-ray source upon the degree of film blackening. Test films were subjected to scattered radiation from 150 exposures. Maximum additional blackening (0.27 D) was recorded for type E films not protected by lead foil at the shortest distance studied (55 cm). At a distance of 200 cm blackening was reduced to 0.02 D and could be further reduced by utilizing the inherent protective effect of the lead foil. It is concluded that if dental X-ray films not in use are kept at a distance of 200 cm from the X ray source and protected by lead foil additional blackening due to scattered radiation is negligible and further protective precautions are unnecessary. PMID- 3162602 TI - Outcome of sterilization by steam autoclaves in Danish dental offices. AB - The aims of this study were to evaluate the performance of autoclaves and the use of biologic indicators for sterilization control, and to look for predictor variables for improperly functioning autoclaves in Danish dental offices. The study population comprised 314 Danish dental offices (participation rate 94%); 177 from the public Child Dental Service (CDS) and 137 from private practice. A minor questionnaire and five biologic indicators (Attest Biological Indicator for Steam Sterilization, 3M) were sent to the participants. CDS offices were found more inclined to use biologic indicators than PP offices (P less than 0.00001). Among CDS autoclaves 2.3% (95% confidence limit: 0.9-5.7%) failed to sterilize compared to 7.3% (95% confidence limit: 4.0-12.9) of the PP autoclaves. This difference is not statistically significant, but the confidence intervals indicate a possible true difference in favor of a better outcome in the CDS offices. Looking at the whole sample no other predictor variable for inadequate sterilization could be determined as differences were statistically insignificant with regard to years of professional experience, age and brand of autoclave, and use of biological control. Recommendations from an official body stating the approved types of sterilization control in dental offices would be of value. PMID- 3162603 TI - Implantation and cariogenicity in hamsters of Streptococcus mutans with different hydrophobicity. AB - Strains of Streptococcus mutans with different surface hydrophobicity were examined for their ability to colonize and induce carious lesions in hamsters given a high sucrose diet. In a short-term experiment the hydrophobic strain GW showed almost an identical colonization pattern compared to the hydrophilic strain GW36. Streptomycin resistant variants of GW and GW36 implanted at a much slower rate than the parent strains. Differences in caries score were observed between the strains. The cariogenicity of the strains seemed to be dependent on early colonization. PMID- 3162604 TI - Role of temperature and shear forces on microbial detachment. AB - A flow cell system was used to assess the effects of shear stress and temperature on adhesion and retention of oral microorganisms from unstimulated whole human saliva. The saliva passed between two parallel mounted test plates, prepared and calibrated to present a surface energetic state similar to that of natural teeth and most restorative materials. The initial attachment of microorganisms occurred at a constant flow rate of 1 ml/min. Microbiota and biofilm material associated with the surface after 15 min of exposure were then challenged by introducing a cell-free rinsing fluid at increased flow rates. The remaining population was counted in a reflected light microscope and correlated to the calculated shear stress for each experiment. A reduction of 70-80% of attached microorganisms was seen after a 30-fold increase of the detaching force. No statistically significant differences could be detected in the proportions of initially attached or the remaining cocci and rods. The experiments were conducted at two temperature levels, both within a physiologic range representative of the oral environment. Temperature did not significantly affect the total numbers of attached or retained microorganisms, within the range of 22-37 degrees C. These findings demonstrate that non-specific attachment and detachment processes are important in the initial stage of microbial adhesion. Although biologically specific adhesive interactions were not addressed in this study, the data suggest that these may occur only after a minimum contact time of non-specifically surface associated cells. PMID- 3162605 TI - Tooth mortality and periodontal conditions in 60-80-year-old Chinese. AB - The study comprised 544 persons aged 60 yr or more from two urban Residential Areas and one rural village (including a nursing home) of Beijing area. Overall, the sample accounted for 81% of the total population of elderly aged 60 yr or more in the village/areas so defined. Each person was examined for dental status, plaque, calculus, gingivitis, loss of attachment, pocket depth and tooth mobility. Edentulousness was seen in 0-29% of the persons examined, depending on age and sex. The mean number of teeth present ranged from 6.9 to 23.9, depending on age and sex, and area. The oral hygiene was poor; approximately 50% of all surfaces had immediately visible plaque deposits and calculus. About 50% of the surfaces had a loss of attachment greater than or equal to 4 mm, while less than 15% presented pockets greater than or equal to 4 mm. More than 50% of the individuals had loss of attachment greater than or equal to 4 mm on more than 40% of their surfaces. The proportion of surfaces per person with loss of attachment greater than or equal to 7 mm; and pockets greater than or equal to 4 mm, respectively, showed a pronounced skewed distribution. These findings indicate that a subfraction of individuals is responsible for a substantial proportion of the severe periodontal breakdown leading to loss of teeth. This, in turn, raises important questions as to the most appropriate strategies for the prevention and control of periodontal diseases for the Chinese population. PMID- 3162606 TI - Sensory, psychomotor, and motor functions in men of different ages. AB - As a part of a larger gerontological research project various sensory, psychomotor, and motor functions were studied in three samples of men aged 31-35, 51-55 and 71-75 years. The samples were randomly drawn from men living in the town of Jyvaskyla on January the 1st 1981 and belonging to the actual cohorts. The sensory functions studied included static balance (postural sway during standing), vibrotactile sensitivity on the inner malleolus of the ankle, hearing (pure-tone thresholds at 125-8000 Hz and speech-understanding), and vision (dark adaptation and lens accommodation). The assessments of psychomotor and motor functions included simple and choice reaction and movement times (visual and auditory stimuli), tapping rate over 2.5 s and 5.0 s, and maximal knee extension velocity. Differences between the age groups in these functions were studied. In addition, within the age groups, the associations of sensory, psychomotor, and motor functions with health status, certain living habits, occupational and educational background, and cognitive functions were analyzed. Also their interrelations were analyzed. The results showed that the effect due to age group was evident in nearly all functions. The sensory functions worsened and psychomotor and motor speeds became slower when proceeding from younger to older age groups. When the interrelations of the functions were analyzed the main observation was the independence of the sensory measures of each other in all age groups. The only consistent associations between the indicators of different sensory modalities was observed between the extent of postural sway and vibrotactile sensitivity on the ankle. On the other hand, psychomotor speed showed associations with many of the sensory measures. Finally, in analyzing the clustering of poorer or better performances in many or most of the sensory, psychomotor, and motor functions within the age groups, it was observed that the better performers in these measures tended to have longer education, worked more often in managerial than in manual occupations, reported fewer occupational hazards and had better results in cognitive tests than the poorer performers. The overall status of health as expressed by the number of chronic diseases and self rated health was associated with performance in these assessments only in the youngest group where those having more diseases had a lower level in these functions. The associations of certain health-related living habits (drinking, smoking, physical activity) with the functions were, as a whole, negligible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3162607 TI - [25 years of caries prevention in the canton of St. Gallen]. PMID- 3162608 TI - Three-year clinical study of two composite resins and one non-gamma 2 conventional amalgam in posterior teeth. PMID- 3162610 TI - [Data recording concepts]. PMID- 3162611 TI - [Payment transactions via data carriers]. PMID- 3162609 TI - In vitro enamel fluoride retention after brushing with dentifrices containing 0.025% F. PMID- 3162613 TI - [Radioprotection: facts and trends]. PMID- 3162614 TI - [A simplified method of waste management]. PMID- 3162612 TI - [Periodontics (5). Juvenile periodontitis--localized juvenile periodontitis]. PMID- 3162615 TI - Bonds required for tests. PMID- 3162616 TI - Designing food by engineering animals. PMID- 3162617 TI - Foreign gene transferred into maize. PMID- 3162618 TI - Race for cystic fibrosis gene nears end. PMID- 3162620 TI - Severe diaphragm weakness in spinocerebellar degeneration. PMID- 3162619 TI - Legionnaires' disease in a Johannesburg teaching hospital. Investigation and control of an outbreak. AB - During the period 11 November 1985 - 21 February 1986, 12 cases of Legionnaires' disease were identified at a Johannesburg teaching hospital. Only 2 patients definitely acquired the disease in hospital. Both responded well to treatment. An epidemiological investigation was initiated to determine the source of infection and mode of transmission of the causative agent (Legionella pneumophila), which may be recovered from a wide variety of water sources. Although L. pneumophila was cultured from the hospital hot-water system, there was no association between the location of patients and culture-positive water sites. Cases were clustered in the medical and surgical intensive care units. Being on a ventilator was a significant risk factor for acquiring Legionnaires' disease (relative risk 18,4; 95% confidence interval 2,4 - 142,2). The potential role of ventilators in the transmission of the disease is discussed together with the infection control measures adopted to interrupt the outbreak. To our knowledge this is the first investigation of an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in South Africa. PMID- 3162621 TI - Solid phase red cell adherence immunoassay for anti-HIV 1: a simple, rapid, and accurate method for donor screening. AB - In technically developed countries in which acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a risk to the recipients of blood or tissue, it is mandatory to screen the donor for evidence of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. Current tests, based on enzyme-linked immunoassay, are time-consuming and expensive and as such are unsuitable for developing countries. We describe a second generation test using anti-human IgG coupled to red cells as the indicator of antibody having reacted with test antigen (1). The test is complete within ten minutes, simple to perform and to read and has 100% sensitivity and 99% specificity compared with Western blot. It is ideal for the rapid screening of organ donors and for the screening of blood donors where cost is a major consideration. PMID- 3162622 TI - Limitations of paternity testing calculations. PMID- 3162623 TI - Changes in chemosensitivity of K 562 leukemia cells after induction of erythroid differentiation by hemin. AB - The human leukemia cell line K 562, when treated with subcytotoxic doses of hemin, undergoes reversible erythroid commitment, as shown by the increased synthesis of hemoglobin. Hemin-treated cells maintain replicative capabilities, although perturbations in cell cycle kinetics are induced. K 562 cells were used to investigate changes in antitumor drug sensitivity as a consequence of cell differentiation induced by hemin treatment. K 562 leukemia cells, cultured in the presence of 20 microM hemin for 12 days, were treated with non-phase-specific (adriamycin, 4-OOH-cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C, bleomycin, cis-diamminedichloro platinum) and phase-specific (vincristine, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil) antitumor drugs. The results obtained by chemosensitivity tests showed a generalized decrease in chemosensitivity of the K 562 cells to all the drugs tested as a consequence of the hemin-induced differentiation. PMID- 3162624 TI - Intravenous administration of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in metastatic breast cancer. A pilot study. AB - Sixty-two women with advanced breast cancer were admitted to a pilot study in which a modified CMF regimen was administered. Cyclophosphamide was administered i.v. at a dosage of 600 mg/m2 on the same day as fluorouracil (600 mg/m2/i.v.) and methotrexate (40 mg/m2/i.v.). The therapy was recycled on the 21st day and in the presence of myelosuppression, the administration of the drugs was delayed for 1-2 weeks recovery of the hematologic values. CR + PR were obtained in 42% of patients and no change in 32% (U.I.C.C. criteria). Metastases to soft tissues showed CR + PR in 55% of the cases, bone in 33% and viscera in 35%. The menopausal status, the disease-free interval and the number of involved sites did not influence statistically the percentage of responses; however, the response rate was influenced statistically by previous treatment. The median duration of response was 7.5 months; the median overall survival of the 60 evaluable patients was 18 months. Due to myelosuppression, CMF i.v. administration was delayed 90/620 times (14%). Toxicity was acceptable and had a lower incidence than that reported in the literature in different series of CMF administered p.o. Nausea and vomiting, in particular, were limited to 24-48 h after administration of the drugs, and alopecia was seldom observed. PMID- 3162625 TI - 4-Demethoxydaunorubicin administered orally in advanced breast cancer. A phase II study. AB - Twenty-five patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with 4 demethoxydaunorubicin (4-DMDR), a new antitumor analogue of daunorubicin, at the dose of 15-20 mg/m2/day x 3 days by oral route every 3-4 weeks. All patients were previously treated with chemotherapy and/or hormone therapy but none with anthracyclines. Of 23 evaluable patients, 1 complete and 5 partial remissions (26%) were observed for a median duration of 4+ months. Leukopenia and nausea occurred in 61% of the patients, vomiting in 30%, diarrhea in 17% and alopecia in 43%. There were 2 cases with minimal and transient EKG variations. 4-DMDR, administered orally in advanced breast cancer, was found to be generally well tolerated. Nevertheless, randomized trials with adriamycin or epirubicin are necessary to compare and to define the therapeutic activity and the toxicity of 4 DMDR. PMID- 3162626 TI - [HIV infection and acute myeloid leukemia]. PMID- 3162629 TI - Drug utilization in relation to morbidity. Proceedings from a symposium held at the III World Conference on Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Stockholm, July 27-August 1, 1986. PMID- 3162628 TI - The IA antigen is not the major receptor for lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus on macrophages from CBA and BALB/c mice. AB - Double staining and labeling procedures were employed to simultaneously identify IA+ cells and cells permissive for the replication of the lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus (LDV) in populations of peritoneal and spleen macrophages from BALB/c and CBA/J mice. No correlation between the expression of IA antigen and LDV permissiveness was observed. Only a low proportion of resident peritoneal macrophages expressed IA antigen and the antigen was lost within 1-2 days in culture whether or not L cell-conditioned medium was present, whereas the cells retained undiminished LDV permissiveness for 4 days and longer. Induction of IA expression on macrophages by injection of mice with concanavalin A, starch or indomethacin (up to 50% of the total macrophages became IA+), or elimination of IA+ macrophages by treatment with anti-IA monoclonal antibodies plus complement had little or no effect on the ability of the cells to support LDV replication in vivo or in vitro. LDV infection of untreated or concanavalin A-treated or starch treated mice caused a drastic decline in IA+ peritoneal macrophages within 1 day, but the number of IA+ macrophages returned to pre-infection levels by 7 days post infection without rendering the cells LDV permissive. Treatment of macrophages with trypsin destroyed the LDV receptor on macrophages with minimal loss of IA antigen from the cells. We conclude that the IA antigen is not the major receptor for infection of macrophages from BALB/c or CBA mice by LDV. PMID- 3162627 TI - [In vitro effectiveness of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in genital Chlamydia trachomatis isolates measured by minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration]. AB - Although Chlamydia trachomatis is usually susceptible to the most frequently applied chemotherapeutic agents in non-gonococcal urethritis in men and its counterpart in women--i.e., tetracycline and erythromycin--the clinical results are less satisfying than those in comparable gonococcal infections. Therefore, potent therapeutical alternatives are urgently called for. From this point of view, we investigated the in vitro susceptibility of 35 recent isolates of genital Chlamydia trachomatis from Munich to the new quinolones ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. With both chemotherapeutics, the highest minimum inhibitory concentration amounted to 2.0 micrograms/ml; 1.0 micrograms/ml of ofloxacin inhibited 97% of the strains, ciprofloxacin but 57%. The highest minimum bactericidal concentration was 6.0 micrograms/ml. 5.0 micrograms/ml of ciprofloxacin killed all infectious particles in 91% of the strains, the corresponding figure for ofloxacin read 74%. Thus both quinolones of the second generation proved more or less equally effective in vitro. In view of the limited clinical experience gained so far with regard to these chemotherapeutic agents, we suggest further clinical study in this matter. PMID- 3162630 TI - Use of computerized databases to survey drug utilization in relation to diagnoses. AB - Many studies of drug utilization have suffered from the absence of information on the indications for therapy. A few data sets on drug utilization are available which include indication information. In addition, a number of computerized collections of medical billing data now exist in North America which can be used for such studies. These include data from the Kaiser Permanente Medical Plan; the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound; the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities' Professional Activity Study; the U.S. state of Rhode Island; the Saskatchewan Health Plan in Canada; and Medicaid, the state run but federally financed health insurance plan for economically or medically needy individuals in the United States. These databases have a number of general advantages and disadvantages, which are reviewed. In addition, the differences among these databases are also explored. Finally, examples are presented demonstrating how these databases can be used for: 1) descriptive research on drug utilization, 2) evaluating the appropriateness of drug utilization, and 3) interventions designed to improve the appropriateness of prescribing. PMID- 3162631 TI - Approaches to assessing the rationality of drug usage in a developed country. AB - The prerequisites for analyses of the medical, social and economic consequences of drug usage are in part available in Sweden. Hard data, though, are still fragmentary. Examples are given where various data sources and methods have been applied. It is suggested that feedback of drug utilization data should increase to create a more questioning attitude among prescribers. The concept of medical audit has to be better explained including the fact that individual-based registers are necessary tools in trying to assess the rationality of drug treatment. In the future such analyses should focus on everyday treatment of common disease entities such as hypertension, diabetes, dyspepsia and asthma. Long term medical and economical consequences of optimized pharmacological versus non-pharmacological treatment should be studied. PMID- 3162632 TI - Problems in assessing rationality of drug utilization in less developed countries. AB - Less developed countries are facing various difficulties in assessing rationality of drug utilization. The problems are essentially related to four major areas; (a) Policies, administration and management, (b) Practice and services, (c) Education and training, (d) Monitoring and research. Drug policies have often failed to recognise the importance of identifying the levels of rationality of the various components of drug utilization. Consequently, neither the need nor the mechanisms to assess rationality were considered. Drug utilization data and records have been poorly developed and maintained, e.g. mal-managed, inaccurate, and without continuity with regard to collection, monitoring and evaluation. Provision and supply of drugs were handled by an unnecessary multiplicity of departments and state offices, none of which keeping complete records and/or information in relation to needs of drugs nor other health care requirements. Deficiencies and shortcomings associated with medical/pharmaceutical practice, services, education and training have as well contributed significantly to the failure of the less developed countries to assess and promote rationality of drug utilization. PMID- 3162633 TI - Methods to assess health economic aspects on drug utilization. AB - The increasing rate of drug consumption is influenced by different trends which are partly counter-rotating. The increasing rate of price is statistically to separate from effects influenced by structural shifts in the drug spectrum. The analysis based on a randomized sample (0.1%) of all prescriptions in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1984 give the following: Total expenditure +7.4%; sold packages -1.6%; average value per prescription +9.2%; price +2.8%; shift in the structure of consumption +6.0%. The shift in drug consumption influenced by changes in demand or prescription habits were more intensive than price effects in 1984. PMID- 3162634 TI - A low molecular weight serine proteinase inhibitor from human articular cartilage. PMID- 3162635 TI - Prostaglandin concentrations in human milk. AB - Concentrations of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), and its metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2 alpha (DHKF2 alpha) were measured in human milk at three different stages of lactation in mothers of premature and term infants. Before radioimmunoassay, our samples were purified by solid-phase extraction with C18Sep-Pak cartridges and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. When concentrations of the three prostaglandins were compared in the milk of mothers delivering prematurely and at term, very low concentrations were measured and no differences were observed. Concentrations of prostaglandins also remained essentially the same at the various stages of lactation. However, the mean ratio of DHKF2 alpha to PGF2 alpha was higher in samples from mothers who delivered early than in samples from those who delivered at term. These ratios were comparable to those reported in the literature for human plasma. The functional significance of these compounds in human milk remains undetermined. PMID- 3162636 TI - The reproducibility of natural head posture: a methodological study. AB - Current clinical interest in natural head posture (NHP) derives from studies correlating NHP to craniofacial morphology, future growth trends, and to respiratory needs. It has also been argued that NHP is the logical reference and orientation position for craniofacial analysis and the publication of illustrations. The individual or group is presented as they naturally appear in life. Hence, lateral cephalometric radiographs recorded routinely in NHP would be more meaningful for the clinician. Underpinning all these potential clinical benefits is the incompletely answered question of the clinical reproducibility of NHP. In this study a natural head posture, the orthoposition, was defined and standardized for clinical use. The effects of ear posts, an external source of eye reference (a wall mirror), sex and time were evaluated in relation to the reproducibility of recording lateral cephalometric radiographs in this natural head posture. The sample comprised 217 randomly selected 12-year-old Chinese children in Hong Kong. Boys looked up more when changing from the self-balance position to the mirror eye reference position (mean change 2 degrees, P less than or equal to 0.001). No other significant male-versus-female differences were detected. NHP reproducibility was better with a mirror (with mirror, method error = 1.9 degrees, without mirror, method error = 2.7 degrees). No significant differences in reproducibility were detected between NHP recordings taken with and without ear posts. However, without ear posts the radiographs tended to be of poor quality. The reproducibility of same-day repeat radiographs recorded with ear posts and with a mirror (after 4 to 10 minutes and 1 to 2 hours) was 1.9 degrees.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3162637 TI - The relationship between nasal airway size and nasal-oral breathing. AB - Most clinicians agree that impaired nasal breathing results in obligatory mouth breathing. Some believe that mouth breathing influences dentofacial growth; others disagree. The term mouth breathing is confusing because total mouth breathing rarely occurs. A combination of nasal and oral breathing is more usual. The purpose of the present study involving 116 adult subjects was to (1) assess the relationship between nasal impairment and nasal-oral breathing, (2) determine the switching range from nasal to nasal-oral breathing, and (3) quantify the term mouth breathing. The pressure-flow technique was used to estimate nasal airway size; inductive plethysmography was used to assess nasal-oral breathing in normal and impaired breathers. Analysis of the date showed a Pearson rank correlation of 0.545 (P less than 0.001) between nasal area and nasal-oral respiration. Ninety seven percent of subjects with a nasal size less than 0.4 cm2 were mouth breathers to some extent. About 12% of subjects with an adequate airway were assumed to be habitual mouth breathers. The findings indicate that the switching range from nasal to nasal-oral breathing is very narrow (0.4-0.45 cm2). These results also confirm our contention that in adults an airway less than 0.4 cm2 is impaired. PMID- 3162638 TI - Adaptations in lip posture and pressure following orthognathic surgery. AB - Lip pressures before and after orthognathic surgery were studied to evaluate the relationship between posttreatment soft-tissue adaptation and incisor stability. After all surgical procedures, physiologic adaptation resulted in the maintenance of pressures during speech and swallowing. When the maxilla was advanced by LeFort I osteotomy, a significant decrease in resting pressure of the upper lip was observed instead of the expected increase and incisor stability did not seem related to soft-tissue influences. When the mandible was advanced by sagittal split osteotomy, resting pressure did not increase as expected, but there was a tendency for incisors to become more upright after fixation release, perhaps as a rebound from labial tipping in fixation. When soft tissues were relaxed as the mandible rotated forward following superior repositioning of the maxilla, resting pressures decreased and lower incisors tended to be positioned forward as predicted by equilibrium theory. PMID- 3162639 TI - The relationship of anterior overjet to plaque and gingivitis in children. AB - The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the relationship of overjet to periodontal status. Detailed examinations of occlusal and periodontal characteristics were completed on 914 12-year-old children. Plaque indices, bleeding indices, and anterior overjet were recorded for each incisor tooth. There was a significant association between mean plaque scores and the extremes of overjet measurement, suggesting that tooth cleaning is more difficult in these cases. Also, it was apparent that for right-handed children, the plaque and gingivitis scores were lower on the left side of the mouth. PMID- 3162641 TI - A cephalometric appraisal of edgewise Class II nonextraction treatment with extraoral force. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the treatment effects of nonextraction edgewise therapy combined with cervical headgear on Class II, Division 1 malocclusions. Data from a sample of 43 treated patients with a mean age of 11 years 11 months and a mean treatment time of 2 years 8 months were recorded. A cephalometric appraisal was done and the initial and final measurements of points, lines, and angles based on accepted cephalometric analyses were compared. Student's t test for paired cases was used to evaluate the significance of all measurement changes. The significant findings were as follows: the inhibition of forward growth of the maxilla, downward tipping of the anterior part of the palate, reduction of flaring of the maxillary incisors, reduction of the facial convexity, and extrusion and mesial movement of maxillary and mandibular first molars. The overall results tend to indicate the efficacy of this treatment modality in the treatment of the Class II, Division 1 malocclusion. PMID- 3162640 TI - The effect of load duration on long-term recovery of the eruptive function in the rat incisor. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term recovery of the normal rate of eruption of the rat incisor following application of loads of similar magnitude but of varying duration. The daily rate of eruption of the continuously growing tooth served as indicator of the functional recovery of its periodontium. The left mandibular incisor was shortened out of occlusion in 34 experimental and 16 control rats. The experimental animals were divided into groups A, B, and C, and continuous loads (19.47 g +/- 0.42 g) were applied to the shortened incisors by means of closed-coil springs for 5, 14, and 28 days, respectively. Following removal of the springs, the daily rate of eruption was measured and calculated in all 50 animals for a period of 10 weeks. The extended impairment of eruption in the experimental animals was directly proportional to the duration of loading: at 10 weeks postloading, it was present in 18%, 67%, and 100% of the rats in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The intragroup variations in the rate of eruption of individual teeth were more pronounced following short-term loading than after prolonged load application. Short-term loading proved to be least harmful regarding recovery of eruptive function. PMID- 3162642 TI - Professional liability insurance or insulation does not produce heat. PMID- 3162643 TI - Re: General practitioners and orthodontics. PMID- 3162644 TI - More on backhand buttonhooks. PMID- 3162645 TI - Acute myeloblastic leukemia with hyperleukocytosis: risk factors for early mortality in induction. AB - Eighty-five patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) presenting with hyperleukocytosis (HL) were analyzed to assess morbidity and mortality in early induction. Patients who failed to achieve remission were older and more often had pulmonary leukostasis (62% vs 23%, p = .01) and hepatomegaly (54% vs 31%, p = .06) at presentation. Thirty-seven patients (44%) did not achieve complete remission (CR); 17 (54%) died early in induction therapy, 11 directly as a result of pulmonary hemorrhage with respiratory failure, while 5 had both pulmonary hemorrhage with respiratory failure and CNS hemorrhage. Early death patients were older and more often had pulmonary leukostasis (88% vs 29%, p less than .0001), hepatomegaly (71% vs 34%, p = .01), hyperbilirubinemia (60% vs 16%, p = .01) and hypofibrinogenemia (47% vs 12%, p less than .01) at presentation. Primarily for technical reasons, preinduction leukapheresis was not employed as often in this very-high-risk group as in other patients (56% vs 82%, respectively). Thus, sufficient heterogeneity exists in patients presenting with HL to define a subset of patients at particularly high risk for early mortality. Preinduction leukapheresis applied in a prospective controlled fashion should be evaluated to assess if such treatment may decrease early mortality in this group. PMID- 3162646 TI - Translocation (3;21) in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia prior to the onset of blast crisis. AB - Two female patients in the chronic phase of CML were found to have, in addition to t(9;22), a new karyotypic abnormality--t(3;21)(q26;q22)--present in bone marrow cells. At diagnosis, this abnormality was observed in a small number of marrow cells in both patients, and as the disease progressed in patient 1, the percentage of cells showing t(3;21) was increased, reaching 100% as the transformation to blast crisis occurred. These observations suggest that t(3;21) may represent a new and rare nonrandom rearrangement which may be identified prior to the onset of blast crisis. PMID- 3162647 TI - Acute respiratory failure in hyperleukocytotic acute myeloid leukemia: the role of perfusion lung scintigraphy. AB - A patient with acute hyperleukocytotic myelogenous leukemia who presented with acute respiratory distress is reported. Clinical manifestations included dyspnea, tachypnea, hyperventilation, and cyanosis. Blood gas analysis revealed hypoxemia, hypocapnia, and metabolic acidosis. Chest X-ray and perfusion lung scanning were normal. Pulmonary leukostasis syndrome (PLS) was later confirmed at autopsy. In a patient with hyperleukocytosic from acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and respiratory distress, a normal perfusion lung scintigraph should make one consider the PLS. PMID- 3162650 TI - Hematological malignancy in hemoglobin D disease. PMID- 3162649 TI - Simultaneous study of karyotype and cell morphology in childhood erythroleukemia. AB - We followed a 2-year-old girl with erythroleukemia (EL) for 7 months, from the time of her initial diagnosis until her death. Immunophenotyping of bone marrow was negative for markers of myeloid and lymphoid lineages. Chromosome study of marrow at diagnosis revealed abnormalities in all mitotic cells, with a clonal karyotype of 48,XX,t(2;12)(p11.2; p13),+6,+21. Subsequent studies showed that the clone rapidly evolved and accumulated additional structural and numerical abnormalities, in spite of intensive chemotherapy during the final months. Simultaneous study of the karyotype and cell morphology of dividing bone marrow cells after 24 hours of in vitro culture, using a technique that preserves cell structure, showed that cells with the chromosome abnormalities were PAS-negative. The combined immunological, cytogenetic, and morphological data indicate that the original malignant cell type was neither myeloblast nor erythroblast but an early progenitor type that rapidly proliferated. PMID- 3162648 TI - Philadelphia-positive acute myelomonocytic leukemia with inversion of chromosome 16 and eosinobasophils. AB - Cytogenetic studies in a case of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, type M4-FAB with eosinophilia, showed an acquired abnormal karyotype characterized by both a t(9;22) Philadelphia translocation and a pericentric inversion of chromosome 16, inv(16)(p13q22). This unique case shows that the previously described association between inversion of chromosome 16 and myelomonocytic leukemia with bone marrow eosinophilia is true also in Philadelphia-positive disorders. The present findings are consistent with the existence of a group of chromosome anomalies, namely t(15;17) and inv(16), which are specifically associated with one single stage of morphological differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. PMID- 3162651 TI - Efficacy and cost implications of the new cephalosporins. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, August 21-22, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3162652 TI - Results of noncomparative studies of cefotetan in the treatment of obstetric and gynecologic infections. AB - In a multicenter trial involving 11 centers, 160 women were enrolled to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of 1 or 2 gm of cefotetan administered every 12 hours in the treatment of obstetric and gynecologic infections. The 133 evaluable patients generally were under 25 years of age, were nonwhite, and had hospital acquired endometritis or pelvic inflammatory disease caused by both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, group D streptococci, Bacteroides sp., and Peptococcus sp. were among the most frequently isolated pathogens. The patients were treated for a mean of 5.6 +/- 1.6 days and received a total dose of 19.27 gm. The signs and symptoms of infection were cleared or improved in 93% of the 133 patients evaluable for clinical response. Of the 116 evaluated bacteriologically, 95% had a satisfactory or presumed satisfactory response; only six patients (5%) were considered to be bacteriologic failures. Differences in the results of several clinical laboratory tests performed before and after treatment were statistically, but not clinically, significant (p less than 0.05). Safety was evaluated in the 158 patients who received cefotetan, and only four (3%) had adverse reactions considered related to the drug. Cefotetan was clearly effective and produced no untoward reactions in these women with obstetric and gynecologic infections caused by both aerobic and anaerobic organisms when administered at 1 or 2 gm every 12 hours. PMID- 3162653 TI - Treatment of hospitalized patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease: comparison of cefotetan plus doxycycline and cefoxitin plus doxycycline. AB - Acute pelvic inflammatory disease remains the major medical and economic consequence of sexually transmitted diseases among young women. The polymicrobial origins of pelvic inflammatory disease have been well documented and the major organisms recovered from the upper genital tract in patients with pelvic inflammatory disease include Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and mixed anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of cefotetan plus doxycycline with that of cefoxitin plus doxycycline in the treatment of hospitalized patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease. A total of 68 hospitalized patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease were entered and randomized into two treatment groups: cefotetan (n = 32) and cefoxitin (n = 36). There were six tuboovarian abscesses in each group. C. trachomatis was recovered from 7 (10%) and N. gonorrhoeae from 48 (71%) of the patients. Anaerobic and aerobic bacteria were recovered from the upper genital tract in 53 (78%) of the patients. Cefotetan plus doxycycline and cefoxitin plus doxycycline demonstrated high rates of initial clinical response in the treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Clinical cure was noted in 30 (94%) of the cefotetan plus doxycycline group and 33 (92%) of the cefoxitin plus doxycycline group. Four failures were sonographically diagnosed tuboovarian abscesses that responded to clindamycin plus gentamicin therapy. The fifth failure was an uncomplicated case that did not respond to cefoxitin and doxycycline and required additional therapy. At 1 week and 3 weeks, respectively, the posttreatment cultures demonstrated eradication, in all instances, of N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis. These regimens also were very effective in eradicating anaerobic and aerobic pathogens from the endometrial cavity. Both regimens were well tolerated by the patients, and few adverse drug affects were noted. PMID- 3162654 TI - Pharmacokinetics and tissue kinetics of 1 gm cefotetan prophylaxis in abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy. AB - Plasma and tissue levels of cefotetan after a single-gram intravenous preoperative dose were measured. Levels were high in some tissues (parametrium, fascia) but quite low in others (subcutaneous fat). The implications as to the prophylactic effectiveness of this drug are addressed. PMID- 3162655 TI - Effects of cefotetan disodium, cefoxitin, cefazolin, and cefotaxime in vitro on polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with leukopenia and severe pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - The effects of cefotetan, cefoxitin, cefazolin, and cefotaxime on polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis and chemiluminescence were determined in 10 patients with pelvic inflammatory disease and 10 oncologically treated patients. It was found that cefotetan enhanced both chemotaxis and chemiluminescence, with the favorable effects more pronounced in the oncologically treated patients with leukopenia. Cefotaxime depressed polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions. Cefoxitin and cefazolin had no significant effects. It would be logical, when treating empirically, to choose a regimen that enhances and not depresses host defenses in all patients but more expressly in leukopenic and other immunologically compromised patients. PMID- 3162656 TI - Role of prostaglandins in protein-induced glomerular hyperfiltration in normal humans. AB - In six healthy male volunteers we studied the effect of indomethacin on the renal hemodynamic adaptations to an acute oral protein load. Control and protein loading studies without and with indomethacin were performed under sustained water diuresis. In the control studies without indomethacin, creatinine (CCr) and inulin clearance (CIn) remained stable and p-aminohippurate (PAH) clearance (CPAH) and kaliuresis slightly decreased while natriuresis progressively increased. Urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) excretion remained stable. Indomethacin had no effect on these control values except on natriuresis and PGE2 excretion. After protein loading CCr, CIn, and CPAH progressively increased to reach a peak 2 h after protein intake. Natriuresis, kaliuresis, and urinary PGE2 excretion also increased significantly. After indomethacin the peak increase of CCr, CIn, and CPAH during the 2nd h was significantly blunted. Indomethacin had no effect on the increased sodium and potassium excretion. The increase of PGE2 excretion was significantly attenuated by indomethacin. The results presented suggest that renal prostaglandins play at least a partial role in the renal hemodynamic adaptations to protein loading. PMID- 3162657 TI - Prostaglandin blockade blunts the natriuresis of elevated renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure. AB - Previous studies have shown that renal interstitial volume expansion (RIVE) increases renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure and urinary sodium excretion. In the present study we investigated whether blockade of prostaglandin synthesis inhibits the increase in fractional sodium excretion induced by RIVE. Expansion of the renal interstitial volume was achieved by injecting 50 microliters of 2.5% albumin solution into a polyethylene matrix chronically implanted in the left kidney. Fractional sodium excretion (FENa), renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure (PI), and urinary prostaglandin excretion (UPGE2) were measured before and after RIVE in eight control, seven meclofenamate-treated, and eight indomethacin-treated rats. RIVE in the control animals resulted in significant increases in PI (delta + 4.2 +/- 0.8 mmHg), in FENa (delta + 1.02 +/- 0.27%), and in UPGE2 (% delta + 150 +/- 38%) without significant changes in glomerular filtration rate. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with meclofenamate or indomethacin attenuated the natriuretic response and blocked the increase in UPGE2 associated with RIVE. In summary, direct increases in renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure increase UPGE2 and urinary sodium excretion. This natriuretic response is markedly diminished by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. These studies suggest that prostaglandin synthesis may have an important role in mediating the natriuretic effect of increased renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure during renal interstitial volume expansion. PMID- 3162659 TI - Malignant hyperthermia, congenital anomalies, and DNA linkage analysis. PMID- 3162658 TI - McArdle's disease and caesarean section. PMID- 3162661 TI - Cognitive vs. procedural orthodontics. PMID- 3162660 TI - Clinical experience with magnetic resonance imaging in internal derangements of the TMJ. AB - Evaluation of magnetic resonance images of 50 symptomatic temporomandibular joints in 26 individuals indicates that this is a useful modality that can replace the invasive arthrographic method in some cases. PMID- 3162662 TI - Surface roughness of orthodontic archwires via laser spectroscopy. AB - Using specular reflectance, the surface roughness of six representative orthodontic archwire products was determined. Among the four alloy groups which are commonly used in orthodontics, stainless steel appears the smoothest, followed by cobalt-chrome, beta titanium, and nickel-titanium. A clearer understanding of the parameters which contribute to sliding mechanics will be possible when these results are combined with future experiments on the coefficient of friction. PMID- 3162663 TI - Cheek pressure and head posture. AB - Maxillary cheek pressures are measured in the molar area, at the teeth and high in the buccal sulcus, in both natural and extended head positions, with teeth at rest and in function. Highest pressures are found on the alveolar process, with some increases with the head extended and the jaw at dental rest position. PMID- 3162664 TI - Fracture toughness and surface cracks--the key to understanding ceramic brackets. AB - The mechanical properties of ceramic brackets, particularly fracture toughness, are so different from those of metal brackets that their selection and handling requires a completely different set of criteria and techniques. PMID- 3162665 TI - Calculating continuous archwire forces. AB - A method for evaluating the forces applied by a continuous archwire on all of the teeth engaged by the wire. A demonstration analysis shows that force is delivered to all of the teeth engaged by the archwire, even when only one tooth is out of alignment with the passive arch. PMID- 3162666 TI - Orthodontic appliances and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and temporomandibular joint. AB - Experimental and clinical studies find that orthodontic appliances can produce artifacts in MRI, mostly in the facial region. Removal of removable components, especially archwires, with close checking of the security of banded and bonded attachments, should be sufficient in most cases requiring this diagnostic procedure. PMID- 3162667 TI - Uterine motility during the estrous cycle: studies in healthy bitches. AB - Natural and drug-induced uterine motilities (UM) were recorded via uterine implanted catheter-tip pressure transducers in 5 bitches during proestrus and estrus and in 6 bitches during early (30 days) and late (60 days) diestrus. The UM was monitored in unanesthetized bitches for 2 days after the estrous-cycle stage had been determined by vaginal cytologic findings. Natural UM, expressed as Alexandria units (pressure X frequency X duration of contractions), was greatest during estrus, moderate during proestrus, and appreciably decreased or lacking during early and late diestrus. During proestrus and estrus, prostaglandin F2 alpha (5 micrograms/kg of body weight, IV) induced intrauterine pressures of 107 and 115 mm of Hg, respectively, and oxytocin (0.05 USP units/kg, IV) induced pressures of 106 and 116 mm of Hg, respectively. In contrast, the intrauterine pressure values induced by prostaglandin F2 alpha given IV during early and late diestrus were 61 and 58 mm of Hg, respectively, and for oxytocin, were 61 and 51 mm of Hg, respectively. Prostaglandin F2 alpha given IM (50 micrograms/kg) also induced a greater intrauterine pressure during proestrus and estrus than during diestrus. We concluded that in the bitch, natural and drug-induced UM are decreased during early and late diestrus. PMID- 3162669 TI - [Relation between plasma Ara-C and intracellular Ara-CTP levels by intermediate dose and high dose Ara-C administration in the treatment of AML]. AB - Plasma level of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and intracellular cytosine arabinoside triphosphate (Ara-CTP) in peripheral blood and bone marrow were measured in 8 patients with non treated acute myelogenous leukemia. Ara-C was administered by 1 hr infusion (3 g/m2 and 500 mg/m2) and was followed for 12 hrs. The AUC of Ara-C in plasma following 3 g/m2 infusion were greater than the 500 mg/m2 (p less than 0.05). Intracellular Ara-CTP in peripheral blood following 3 g/m2 and 500 mg/m2 infusions were on the same level, after 1 hr. But AUC of intracellular Ara-CTP following 3 g/m2 infusion was greater than 500 mg/m2. There was a correlation between AUC of Ara-C in the peripheral blood (p less than 0.01). Intracellular Ara-CTP in the bone marrow and peripheral blood showed a similar level. Intracellular Ara-CTP in bone marrow was lower than in peripheral blood, however, there was no correlation between intracellular Ara-CTP in bone marrow and in peripheral blood. PMID- 3162668 TI - Damaging effects of Clostridium perfringens delta toxin on blood platelets and their relevance to ganglioside GM2. AB - The lytic effect of Clostridium perfringens delta toxin was investigated on goat, human, rabbit, and guinea pig platelets. In contrast to erythrocytes from the latter three species, which are insensitive to the toxin, the platelets were equally lysed by the same amount of toxin. These results suggest the presence of GM2 or GM2-like ganglioside(s) as a specific recognition site of the toxin on platelet plasmic membrane as previously established for sensitive erythrocytes. Plasmic membrane damage of human platelets was evidenced by the release of entrapped alpha-[14C]aminoisobutyric acid used as a cytoplasmic marker. The specific binding of hemolytically active 125I-delta toxin by human and rabbit platelets was practically identical, dose dependent, and inhibitable by GM2. Labeled toxin was also bound by various subcellular organelles separated from rabbit platelets except the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-containing dense bodies, suggesting the absence or inaccessibility of GM2 on the surface of the latter organelles. This result correlates with the low amounts of 5-[3H]HT liberated after platelet challenge with delta toxin whereas this mediator was massively liberated upon lysis by the sulfhydryl-activated toxin alveolysin. The levels of M and P forms of phenol sulfotransferase (PST), involved in 5-HT catabolism, were determined in human platelet lysates after challenge with delta toxin, alveolysin, and other disruptive treatments. The low PST-M activities detected after lysis by delta toxin suggest that this isoenzyme is very likely associated to dense bodies in contrast to PST-P which is cytoplasmic. Platelet lysis by the toxin allows easy separation of these organelles. PMID- 3162670 TI - Increased main urinary metabolite of prostaglandin F2 alpha excretion in childhood migraine. PMID- 3162671 TI - Further evidence that accelerated muscle protein breakdown during sepsis is not mediated by prostaglandin E2. AB - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) reportedly increases protein break-down in skeletal muscle. The role of PGE2 for accelerated muscle proteolysis during sepsis, however, is controversial. In this study, the effect of the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor indomethacin on PGE2 release and protein breakdown in skeletal muscle from nonseptic and septic rats was evaluated. Sepsis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (40-60 g) by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). After 16 hours the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscles were dissected with intact tendons and incubated in an oxygenated medium, and the release of tyrosine (protein breakdown) and PGE2 into the incubation medium was determined. Paired muscles were incubated in the absence or presence of indomethacin (3 mumol/L or 6 mumol/L). In some experiments the effect of indomethacin was investigated in the presence of different concentrations of insulin (1, 10, or 100 mU/mL) since previous reports suggested an interaction between insulin and prostaglandins on protein turnover in skeletal muscle. In other experiments muscles were incubated in a flaccid or stretched state, which is known to influence the metabolic response to different substances. Protein breakdown rate was 0.210 +/- 0.013 and 0.492 +/- 0.025 mumol Tyr/g X 2 hours in EDL from nonseptic and septic rats, respectively (p less than 0.01). The corresponding values for SOL were 0.480 +/- 0.037 and 0.712 +/- 0.039 mumol Tyr/g X 2 hours (p less than 0.01). Addition of indomethacin to the incubation medium reduced PGE2 release from 29.1 +/- 3.1 to 6.8 +/- 0.7 ng/g X 2 hours in nonseptic SOL and from 50.6 +/- 10.4 to 5.6 +/- 0.7 ng/g X 2 hours in septic SOL. Protein breakdown rate in SOL and EDL from sham-operated or septic rats was unaffected by indomethacin, both when muscles were incubated in a flaccid or stretched state, and when they were incubated in the presence or absence of insulin. The present results do not suggest a role of PGE2 for accelerated muscle proteolysis in the present experimental septic model. PMID- 3162672 TI - The vanadium nitrogenase of Azotobacter chroococcum. Reduction of acetylene and ethylene to ethane. AB - 1. The vanadium (V-) nitrogenase of Azobacter chroococcum transfers up to 7.4% of the electrons used in acetylene (C2H2) reduction for the formation of ethane (C2H6). The apparent Km for C2H2 (6 kPa) is the same for either ethylene (C2H4) or ethane (C2H6) formation and much higher than the reported Km values for C2H2 reduction to C2H4 by molybdenum (Mo-) nitrogenases. Reduction of C2H2 in 2H2O yields predominantly [cis-2H2]ethylene. 2. The ratio of electron flux yielding C2H6 to that yielding C2H4 (the C2H6/C2H4 ratio) is increased by raising the ratio of Fe protein to VFe protein and by increasing the assay temperature up to at least 40 degrees C. pH values above 7.5 decrease the C2H6/C2H4 ratio. 3. C2H4 and C2H6 formation from C2H2 by V-nitrogenase are not inhibited by H2. CO inhibits both processes much less strongly than it inhibits C2H4 formation from C2H2 with Mo-nitrogenase. 4. Although V-nitrogenase also catalyses the slow CO sensitive reduction of C2H4 to C2H6, free C2H4 is not an intermediate in C2H6 formation from C2H2. 5. Propyne (CH3C identical to CH) is not reduced by the V nitrogenase. 6. Some implications of these results for the mechanism of C2H6 formation by the V-nitrogenase are discussed. PMID- 3162674 TI - Relationship between membrane sterol composition and responsiveness to 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukaemia cell lines. AB - We have examined the sterol composition and metabolism of promyelocytic leukaemia cell lines (HL-60) after treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). A variant cell line (Blast II cells) which is resistant to TPA was used as control. Analysis of the sterols of TPA-sensitive cells radiolabelled with [3H]leucine, [14C]acetate or [14C]pyruvate showed a high incorporation into cholesterol and a low incorporation in lanosterol + dihydrolanosterol. The inverse relationship was observed in TPA-resistant cells. Experiments with other cellular variants representing TPA-sensitive and TPA-resistant classes gave similar results. Analysis of the cellular sterol composition by gas chromatography confirmed that TPA-resistant cells are particularly rich in lanosterol/dihydrolanosterol. TPA treatment enhanced the incorporation of [14C]pyruvate into the sterol fraction of both cell types. This was accompanied by an alteration of incorporation into several lipids, particularly phospholipids. Pulse-chase studies with [14C]acetate revealed that TPA induced the release of radioactive lipids into the medium from HL-60 and Blast II cells. However this treatment released phospholipids from the TPA-sensitive cells and sterols and fatty acids from the TPA-resistant cells. We conclude that the sterol composition can regulate specific biochemical processes in the membrane and can be considered as a factor that plays a role in the responsiveness of HL-60 cells to TPA. PMID- 3162675 TI - Isolation and characterization of insulin-like growth factor-II from human bone. AB - Human bone was sequentially extracted with 4 M guanidine hydrochloride to remove nonmineralized tissue components, 0.5 M EDTA to dissolve the mineral phase, 4 M guanidine hydrochloride to remove matrix associated proteins and finally a combination of 4 M guanidine hydrochloride and 0.5 M EDTA to remove residual proteins. The extracts were examined for the presence of factors that were able to stimulate the incorporation of [3H] thymidine into DNA and [14C] leucine into protein in a cloned rat bone cell culture system. The majority of the bioactivity was found in the first guanidine hydrochloride extract (59 +/- 12%) while the second guandine hydrochloride extract contained 27 +/- 8%. In addition to several known growth factors already reported to be present in bone (transforming growth factor-beta and insulin-like growth factor-I) insulin-like growth factor-II was identified by its chromatographic, electrophoretic and immunological properties as well as by N-terminal sequence data. The insulin-like growth factor-II levels (802 +/- 112 micrograms/kg wet weight bone) were 10 fold higher than that found for insulin-like growth factor-I (84 +/- 23 micrograms/kg wet weight). PMID- 3162673 TI - Prostaglandin D2 mediates the stimulation of glycogenolysis in the liver by phorbol ester. AB - The tumour-promoting phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), when added to the perfused liver, stimulates glycogenolysis 2-fold. This stimulation is not seen when aspirin is present in the perfusion medium. In isolated parenchymal liver cells. PMA is not able to stimulate glycogenolysis, suggesting that its effect on glycogenolysis might be indirect and depends on the presence of the non-parenchymal liver cell types. To test the possible operation of an indirect mechanism, we measured the amount of prostaglandin (PG) D2 in liver perfusates. After addition of PMA, the amount of PGD2 is doubled, in parallel with the increase in glycogenolysis. Glycogenolysis in both isolated parenchymal liver cells and perfused liver could be stimulated by the addition of PGD2. Our data indicate that stimulation of glycogenolysis in the liver by PMA may be mediated by non-parenchymal liver cells, which produce PGD2 in response to PMA. Subsequently PGD2 activates glycogenolysis in the parenchymal liver cells. The intercellular communication inside the liver in response to PMA adds a new mechanism to the complex regulation of glucose homoeostasis by the liver. PMID- 3162676 TI - Inhibition of prostaglandin E2 catabolism and potentiation of hepatic prostaglandin E2 action in rat hepatocytes by inhibitors of oxidative metabolism. AB - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can modulate the actions of a number of hormones in liver. PGE2 is rapidly metabolized in liver tissue, and thus alterations in the rate of PGE2 catabolism might exert a short-term influence on the concentration of PGE2 in liver. The present study examined the effects of inhibitors of oxidative metabolism on PGE2 catabolism and action in isolated rat hepatocytes. [3H]-PGE2 was metabolized to three major products by the hepatocyte system as assessed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Metyrapone (5 mM), aminopyrine (5 mM), SKF-525A (20 microM) and alpha-naphthoflavone (20 microM) each inhibited the breakdown of [3H]-PGE2. The inhibition of oxidative metabolism by these compounds was not limited to action at cytochrome P-450, and metyrapone, aminopyrine and SKF-525A each was shown to inhibit [1-14C]-palmitate beta-oxidation in the hepatocyte system. To determine the contribution of beta oxidation to the rapid catabolism of [3H]-PGE2, studies were performed using [1 14C]-PGE2 as substrate. Two major product peaks seen with [3H]-PGE2 as substrate lacked radioactivity when [1-14C]-PGE2 was the substrate, and thus these two products did not contain the 1-position carbon, consistent with their identity as beta-oxidation products. Furthermore, [1-14C]-PGE2 also yielded 14CO2 and a [14C] PGE2 metabolite not seen with [3H]-PGE2. It was calculated that 60% of the rapid PGE2 inactivation in the hepatocyte system occurred via beta-oxidation. An additional, non-beta-oxidation, metyrapone-sensitive, pathway accounted for 26% of PGE2 disappearance. The effect of PGE2 to inhibit glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis was potentiated when metyrapone was included in the incubation, consistent with increased survival of intact PGE2. In summary, PGE2 was rapidly inactivated by intact hepatocytes via oxidative metabolism, primarily beta oxidation. Inhibition of prostaglandin catabolism can have short-term effects on PGE2 concentrations and result in potentiation of PGE2 effects on hepatic glucose metabolism. PMID- 3162677 TI - Inhibition of amino acid uptake and incorporation into proteins in Friend erythroleukemia cells by the anthracycline antitumor antibiotic aclacinomycin A. AB - Treatment of Friend erythroleukemia cells with aclacinomycin A caused a concomitant inhibition of the uptake of 14C-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) and of the incorporation of 3H-alanine into proteins. The decrease in amino acid uptake and incorporation into proteins was dose-dependent and reached a maximum of 60% within 3 hours at the concentration of aclacinomycin A, 200 ng/ml. A comparison of the effect on protein incorporation of 3H-alanine and cell proliferation by various anthracycline antitumor antibiotics in a concentration range of 50-200 ng/ml revealed that two other N-alkylated anthracyclines, pyrromycin and marcellomycin, are also potent inhibitors of the incorporation of amino acids into proteins. Inhibition of amino acid incorporation into proteins correlated well with the reduction of cell number at a later time. In contrast, adriamycin and daunomycin inhibited the incorporation of 3H-alanine into proteins only weakly, although these substances were highly active at inhibiting cell proliferation. Studies with an inhibitor of RNA synthesis, actinomycin D, suggest that the concomitant inhibition of amino acid uptake and incorporation into proteins observed with aclacinomycin A is not due to a reduced RNA synthesis. In addition, aclacinomycin A, up to a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml, did not inhibit protein synthesis in a cell-free translational system from rabbit reticulocytes. These results indicate that the reduction of amino acid incorporation into proteins after treatment of Friend erythroleukemia cells with aclacinomycin A may be due to a reduced uptake of amino acids. Inhibition of the transport of 14C-AIB may be indicative for an interaction of aclacinomycin A with the plasma membrane. PMID- 3162678 TI - Translocation of protein kinase C to a Triton-insoluble sub-cellular compartment induced by the lipophilic gold compound auranofin. PMID- 3162679 TI - Effects of fenofibrate, gemfibrozil and nicotinic acid on plasma lipoprotein levels in normal and hyperlipidemic mice. A proposed model for drug screening. AB - These studies examine the effects of a hypercholesterolemic diet (with butter and cholesterol added), or a hypertriglyceridemic diet (30% sucrose (w/v) in drinking water), on murine plasma lipids and lipoproteins prepared either by sequential ultracentrifugation or gel exclusion chromatography. The hypercholesterolemic diet increased plasma cholesterol (186%), particularly that associated with very low (VLDL) and low (LDL) density lipoproteins. In addition, the cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in the VLDL fraction rose significantly from 0.10 to 4.0. The hypertriglyceridemic diet raised markedly plasma triglyceride levels (46%) by expanding the circulating VLDL pool (+39%). These dietary modifications were used to provide a model for the examination of 3 classical hypolipidemic drugs (fenofibrate, gemfibrozil and nicotinic acid). In animals receiving the standard diet, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil and nicotinic acid decreased the triglyceride (TG) level (-28%, -31%, and -38%) by lowering VLDL-TG (-37%, -42%, and -49%), fenofibrate and gemfibrozil increased HDL-cholesterol by 18% and 31%, respectively. In animals receiving the hypercholesterolemic diet fenofibrate lowered the total plasma cholesterol level by 40%, at the same time increasing HDL-cholesterol by 23%. In animals fed sucrose, on the other hand, fenofibrate (100 mg/kg per day) and nicotinic acid (900 and 600 mg/kg per day) reduced plasma triglyceride levels (-20%, -40% and -33%), and nicotinic acid (900 mg/kg per day) decreased VLDL-TG by 58%. These results are in good agreement with clinical data from studies in man and suggest that this animal model may provide a useful and rapid screening system for testing new lipid lowering drugs. PMID- 3162680 TI - Lovastatin therapy in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia: effects on kinetics of apolipoprotein B. AB - Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia is characterized by hyperlipidemia, increases in beta-migrating, very low density lipoproteins (beta-VLDL), and homozygosity for apolipoprotein E2 (apo E2). In this study, 3 patients with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia were treated with lovastatin, and kinetics for apolipoprotein B (apo B) were determined in control and drug treatment periods. Multicompartmental analyses of apo B kinetics in VLDL and in low density lipoproteins (LDL) were carried out. Lovastatin therapy generally lowered plasma concentrations of apo B and cholesterol in VLDL and LDL. The reductions in concentrations were due mainly to a decrease in transport (production) rates for these fractions. Indeed, the fractional clearance rate (FCR) for LDL-apo B was reduced during lovastatin therapy. The decreased transport rate for VLDL-apo B and LDL-apo B could have been due to an inhibition of the synthesis of lipoproteins containing apo B. An alternate explanation is that lovastatin promoted direct removal of a rapidly-catabolized fraction of VLDL-apo B that is a precursor for longer-lived lipoproteins in the circulation; this mechanism could decrease input rates of identifiable lipoprotein species and retard their clearance because of "saturation" of LDL receptors by more rapidly removed lipoproteins. Finally, both mechanisms, i.e., decreased production and increased clearance of lipoproteins, may have contributed to the fall in VLDL-apo B and LDL apo B concentrations during lovastatin therapy. PMID- 3162681 TI - Characterization of low-density lipoproteins from patients with recessive X linked ichthyosis. AB - We investigated lipoprotein metabolism in 14 patients with recessive X-linked ichthyosis (RXLI), a metabolic disease characterized by scaly skin, corneal opacity and steroid sulfatase deficiency. Plasma total cholesterol (TC) levels ranged from normal to slightly low (mean +/- SD: 156 +/- 28 mg/dl). Four patients showed a mild or moderate elevation of plasma triglyceride (TG) levels ranging from 150 to 365 mg/dl. The apoprotein B (apo B) to TC ratio was higher than in normal controls (0.63 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.07, P less than 0.01), while plasma apoB levels were within the normal range (99 +/- 17 mg/dl). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic mobility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was markedly increased in all patients, and further analyses showed that this finding was not due to a change in the particle size of the LDL but to an increased content of cholesterol sulfate (1.0-2.3% of the LDL-cholesterol content). In addition to the alteration of electrophoretic mobility, marked changes in the lipid and apoprotein compositions of the LDL fraction were observed; cholesterol ester content in LDL (LDL-CE) was significantly lower than that of control subjects (37 +/- 4% vs. 41 +/- 2% of total lipids, P less than 0.01), while the triglyceride content (LDL TG) and apo B to cholesterol ratios in LDL were significantly higher than those of controls (18 +/- 7 vs. 10 +/- 2, P less than 0.001; 1.21 +/- 0.19 vs. 0.73 +/- 0.05, P less than 0.001, respectively). This anionized LDL, in which cholesterol sulfate was increased, was shown to bind to the LDL receptor of fibroblasts to much the same extent as normal LDL. In conclusion, the increase in cholesterol sulfate in LDL fraction not only alters the electrophoretic moiety but also the relative contents of apoB, cholesterol, and triglyceride in the lipoprotein. It does not change the affinity of LDL for the LDL receptor. PMID- 3162684 TI - A phorbol ester tolerant (PET) variant of HL-60 promyelocytes. AB - The promyelocytic leukaemia cell line HL-60 differentiates to a macrophage-like cell when exposed to the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and other agents which activate protein kinase C. To investigate this phenomenon we developed an HL-60 variant which does not differentiate when exposed to TPA. HL-60 cells were exposed to the mutagen ethyl methanesulphonate and were cloned in soft agar in the presence of a normally lethal concentration of TPA. One colony of cells that proliferated in TPA was obtained. The cells of this phorbol ester tolerant (PET) line have retained their resistance to TPA for several years without selective pressure. They are somewhat larger than their phorbol ester sensitive (S) parent, but they are otherwise morphologically similar. When PET cells are exposed to TPA their growth is arrested for approximately 48 h. Thereafter, they resume their original rate of replication at all concentrations of TPA tested. S-cells undergo changes typical of HL-60 when exposed to TPA; they aggregate, stop growing, adhere to the flask and die. The PET-cells appeared to be as sensitive as S-cells to other agents which differentiate HL-60 such as retinoic acid, dimethysulphoxide, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, as determined by rate of proliferation in culture, Wright's stain, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, and induction of the ectoenzyme NAD-glycohydrolase. TPA-induced protein phosphorylation was studied using one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Several proteins increased their incorporation of 32P when S and PET-cells were exposed to TPA, the most prominent of which were the two previously described nuclear matrix proteins of 80 kd and 33 kd. There was no difference in the protein phosphorylation pattern in S- and PET-cells, nor in how this pattern changed on TPA exposure. Fluorescent activated cell sorting and karyotypic analysis revealed PET-cells to be a hypotetraploid variant of S-cells, with approximately 80 chromosomes, including a marker chromosome iso(1p) not found in the S-cells. Identification of the biochemical lesion responsible for this TPA resistance in PET cells will provide clues concerning the mechanism of this important pathway for the induction of cell differentiation. PMID- 3162683 TI - Beneficial effect of heparin in the management of patients with APL. AB - 115 patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) were studied retrospectively to evaluate prognostic factors and assess therapeutic approaches, particularly the use of heparin in the management of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The remission rate was 86% (30/35 patients) in those who received heparin and 49% (39/80 patients) in those who received no heparin (P = 0.0002). This difference in remission rates was accounted for by a marked decrease in the number of haemorrhagic deaths, especially those due to intracranial haemorrhage (ICH), in the heparin treated group. Other factors associated with a poor remission rate were prothrombin ratio (PTR) greater than 1.3 (P = 0.008), fibrinogen less than 1.5 g/l (P = 0.02) and WCC greater than 2.0 x 10(9)/l (P = 0.03). PMID- 3162682 TI - Tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) in ovarian cancer. AB - Tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) is a 6 kD peptide isolated from the urine of a patient with ovarian cancer. Increased urinary excretion of TATI has earlier been observed in patients with gynaecological malignancies. The value of TATI in urine and serum as a marker for ovarian cancer was studied in 102 patients. Preoperatively urine TATI was elevated in 55% (18/33) and serum TATI in 27% (12/45) of the patients. In patients with mucinous tumours, elevated preoperative levels of TATI were observed in 6 out of 10 patients, while CA 125 was elevated in 4 and CEA in one of the cases. When assay of TATI was used to predict presence of disease before second-look surgery of 48 patients, the sensitivity and specificity of serum TATI was 19% and 91%, and that of urine TATI 42% and 76%, respectively. Rising TATI levels were observed in progressive disease, whereas regressive disease was not as often associated with falling levels. Serum TATI was elevated in 45% (144/318) and urine TATI in 57% (73/171) of samples from patients with clinical evidence of disease. The TATI assay was found to be of potential value in the management of patients with mucinous ovarian cancer, but in patients with non-mucinous ovarian cancer it did not provide information additional to that obtained from assay of ovarian cancer marker CA 125 alone. PMID- 3162685 TI - Killing of K562 cells with conjugates between human transferrin and a ribosome inactivating protein (SO-6). AB - Cellular iron uptake is mediated by binding of transferrin with specific surface receptors and internalization of the Fe-transferrin-receptor complex. This has been examined as a possible pathway for carrying into leukaemic cells a ribosome inactivating protein (RIP), SO-6, derived from Saponaria officinalis. Purified human differic transferrin was conjugated with SO-6 and a pool of proteins was obtained, with variable numbers of SO-6 molecules linked to a single transferrin molecule. Human erythroleukaemic K562 cells were grown in the presence of human transferrin, SO-6 and human transferrin conjugated with SO-6. The conjugate was found to be internalized via binding with transferrin receptor. Whereas the presence of unconjugated human transferrin and SO-6 in the medium did not significantly influence K562 cell growth, the conjugated proteins displayed an inhibitory activity on cell proliferation. This was maximal after 72 h at a transferrin concentration of 10(-9) M, with about 50% of cells being killed. Bovine transferrin, present in fetal calf serum, did not appear to compete with human diferric transferrin in binding to K562 cells in suspension culture. In a clonogenic assay, colony formation by leukaemic cells was not influenced by free SO-6 or transferrin, whereas the conjugated proteins were markedly inhibitory (about 100% at 10(-9) M). Our findings indicate that SO-6 can be efficiently carried into mammalian cells via the transferrin-transferrin receptor cycle and exert its ribosome inactivating activity. This is in keeping with the existence of an alternative pathway of transferrin endocytosis in addition to the classic acidic endosome pathway. From a practical viewpoint, conjugates between transferrin and SO-6 can be useful tools for studying the expression of transferrin receptors, and deserve also to be investigated for a possible use in cancer therapy. PMID- 3162686 TI - Abnormal megakaryopoiesis in acute leukaemia. PMID- 3162687 TI - Occurrence of prostaglandin E3 in human urine as a result of marine oil ingestion: gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric evidence. AB - This pilot study is an effort to elucidate the metabolic fate of dietary eicosapentaenoate in vivo and its influence on arachidonate cyclooxygenation at the renal level. The ultimate objective is to shed light on the biochemical mechanisms responsible for the physiologic effects of marine oil on humans. We found prostaglandin E3 (PGE3) in urine of a female volunteer who ingested 10-50 g/day of MaxEPA fish oil concentrate for 4 years. PGE3, a cyclooxygenase metabolite of eicosapentaenoate, could not be detected in 24-h urine pools from the same subject 16 weeks after fish oil supplementation ended. The appearance of PGE3 was concurrent with a reduction of urinary PGE2. Identification of the trienoic prostaglandin was based on comparison of chromatographic behavior of three distinct derivatives of endogenous PGE3 with that of authentic material, and on selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry. PMID- 3162688 TI - Phorbol ester-induced stimulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis in human amnion cells. AB - Both phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (10(-8) 10(-6) M) induced concentration-dependent increases in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by human amnion cells, with maximum stimulations of 10.8-fold and 5.9 fold, respectively. 4 alpha-Phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, an inactive phorbol ester analogue, had little or no effect on PGE2 production by amnion cells. PMA and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (10(-7) M) induced a maximal increase in the rate of PGE2 biosynthesis within 15 min of treatment. These results suggest that there is an active protein kinase C present in amnion cells that is linked to arachidonic acid release and/or metabolism. PMID- 3162689 TI - Effect of prostaglandin E2 on adenylate cyclase activity in isolated glomeruli and tubules during postnatal maturation of rat renal cortex. AB - To examine the effect of prostaglandins on adenylate cyclase during the postnatal maturation of kidney, the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) responsiveness of adenylate cyclase in the absence and presence of exogenous GTP was investigated in glomeruli and tubules isolated from renal cortex of 14-, 21- and 30-day-old rats. In the absence of GTP, the adenylate cyclase response to PGE2 in glomeruli of 14 day-old rats was about fourfold higher than that in 21- and 30-day-old rats. In the tubules there was an about 30-35% decrease in the enzyme response to the prostaglandin between 14 and 21 days as well as between 21 and 30 days. When GTP was present, the PGE2 responsiveness of adenylate cyclase was of the same order of magnitude in glomeruli at 14 and 21 days and lower at 30 days. Under the same conditions, no significant changes were observed in the cortical tubules throughout the period studied. Thus association of PGE2 plus GTP suggests that during the postnatal maturation of rat kidney, the response of adenylate cyclase to PGE2 remains unchanged in cortical tubules and slightly decreases in glomeruli. PMID- 3162691 TI - Glycoproteins IIb and IIIa in K562 cells. PMID- 3162690 TI - Erythrocyte glycolysis and its marked alterations by muscular exercise in type VII glycogenosis. AB - Levels of erythrocyte glycolytic intermediates after the phosphofructokinase (PFK) step, including 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), were decreased at rest in patients from separate families with type VII glycogenosis. The concentration of 2,3-DPG was about half of the normal control value during a period of unrestricted daily activity but was further decreased to one third of normal after a one-day bed rest. Mild ergometric exercise rapidly increased the levels of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate plus glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate, and 2,3-DPG in patients' circulating erythrocytes but did not in those of normal subjects. This indicated that a crossover point at the PFK step in glycolysis disappeared after physical exercise and, consequently, the 2,3-DPG concentration, which had decreased because of blockage of the PFK step, was restored considerably. This apparently exercise-related alteration in intermediary metabolism at the beginning of glycolysis was reproduced in vitro by incubating normal erythrocytes in the presence of inosine or ammonia, both of which have increased levels in circulating blood during and after exercise in this disorder. We conclude that physical activity in addition to a genetic deficiency in erythrocyte PFK affects glycolysis in erythrocytes in type VII glycogenosis and that myogenic factors released from exercising muscles may be responsible for this change. PMID- 3162692 TI - An immunoassay to detect human embryonic epsilon globin chains by a murine monoclonal antibody. AB - Human embryonic epsilon globin chains were isolated from lysates of cultured human leukemic K562 cells induced with hemin. Mice were immunized with epsilon globin chains, and a murine hybridoma cell line was established that secreted monoclonal anti-epsilon globin antibody. A sensitive and specific slot blot immunoassay for epsilon globin chains has been developed. epsilon Globin chains were shown to be present in hemolysates from fetuses of 20 weeks' gestation but were not detected in normal cord blood hemolysates. This immunoassay is useful for the study of epsilon globin ontogeny during embryonic and fetal development as well as for searching for inappropriate epsilon globin chain expression in hematologic disorders resulting from genetic abnormalities or neoplastic processes. PMID- 3162693 TI - Enhanced expression of transforming growth factor beta during megakaryoblastic differentiation of K562 leukemia cells. AB - Platelet alpha granules contain several growth factors such as the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) that are released during blood clotting and are thought to participate in the repair of tissue injury; however, the site of synthesis of platelet TGF-beta has not been demonstrated. We studied TGF-beta expression during megakaryoblastic differentiation of the chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562 in vitro. These cells have mainly erythroid characteristics but acquire several megakaryoblastic properties when treated with the phorbol diester 12-0-tetradecanoyl-13-phorbolacetate (TPA). During four subsequent days of megakaryoblastic differentiation the amount of the 2.5 kilobase (kb) TGF-beta mRNA increased about eightfold, and a novel 2.3-kb mRNA species was induced in the K562 cells. This occurred concomitantly with distinct induction patterns of platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGF-A) and c-sis (PDGF-B chain) RNAs and several platelet antigens. The expression of erythroid markers such as glycophorin A decreased. Culture media of TPA-differentiated K562 cells also contained TGF-beta polypeptides as shown by a sensitive radioreceptor assay and by immunoprecipitation after metabolic labeling of the cells. These polypeptides were not seen in culture media from dimethyl sulfoxide- or sodium butyrate-treated cells. Unlike in several other cells, exogenously added TGF-beta 1 or 2 affected neither TGF-beta nor PDGF RNA expression in K562 cells. PMID- 3162694 TI - Slow disappearance of peripheral blast cells: an independent risk factor indicating poor prognosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - The aim of this study was to find out whether the time required for disappearance of peripheral blast cells, or blast clearance, could be used to identify patients with a slow response to treatment associated with a poor prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Our series consisted of 158 children with newly diagnosed ALL. The mean follow-up time was 69 months (range 22 to 140 months). Blast clearance was significantly associated with length of event-free survival. Only two of nine children with blast clearance greater than or equal to 2 weeks and 4 of 11 children with blast clearance of 11 to 13 days were in remission at the time of analysis as compared with 86 of 138 of the children with more rapid blast clearance. The respective 5-year event-free survivals were 17%, 36%, and 60% (P = .003). Multivariate analysis showed that the relative risk of death or relapse in patients with blast clearance of greater than 10 days was 5.2-fold (95% confidence limits 2.1 to 13.1) as compared with the others (P less than .001). Our results indicate that patients with a slow response to treatment can be identified by simple differential peripheral cell counts during the early induction phase well before or even instead of performance of a more invasive bone marrow aspiration. PMID- 3162695 TI - Aclacinomycin A and etoposide (VP-16-213): an effective regimen in previously treated patients with refractory acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - Thirty-five patients with acute myelogenous leukemia were treated with aclacinomycin A (60 mg/m2/day for 5 days) and VP-16-213 (100 mg/m2/day for 5 days). All were previously treated and had relapsed or were refractory to primary treatment. Most patients (28) had received prior DAT (daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, and 6-thioguanine) induction therapy followed by one or more courses of high-dose cytosine arabinoside (HD-Ara C) as consolidation therapy or as treatment for relapse. One patient was in her fourth relapse, one had relapsed acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (following remission with DAT and HD-Ara-C), one had a treatment-induced leukemia, and four patients were treated for primary treatment failures following two induction courses with DAT or a similar regimen. Fourteen patients had infections at start of therapy. Ten patients died within 14 days of treatment, all from sepsis or bleeding, before their marrow could be evaluated for leukemic response. Fourteen patients (40%) responded; 12 (34%) entered complete remission and two (6%) a partial remission (PR). Two of the four patients who were treated for primary treatment failures went into CR. The median CR duration was 99 days (range 30 to 455 days). Side effects from this treatment were similar to the conventional DAT regimen, although the gastrointestinal toxicity and mucositis appeared to be more severe. In addition, two of the patients had severe but reversible ventricular arrhythmias. The overall response (40%) and CR rate (34%) in this group of previously treated AML patients is encouraging, and further studies are needed to evaluate these preliminary findings. PMID- 3162696 TI - An unusual case of chronic myelocytic leukemia characterized by a conspicuous tissue infiltration treated with leukapheresis. AB - An unusual case of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) is described that presented leukocytosis at onset (720 X 10(9)/l), symptoms of stasis, organomegaly, and a conspicuous infiltration of leukemic cells from the pelvis to the right popliteal cavity. As initial therapy and in addition to chemotherapy, six therapeutic leukapheresis treatments (TL) were performed and the patient showed dramatic symptomatic improvement with reduction in leukocytosis (97 X 10(9)/l), organomegaly, and tissue infiltration. PMID- 3162697 TI - Testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) antigens in haemophiliacs positive for HIV antibody. AB - Sera collected from 28 haemophiliacs during the 2 years from 1985 to 1987 were examined for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) antigen by two different methods using commercially available test kits. Of 28 patients, 18 had been positive for HIV antibody since at least 1985 and their HIV infection by blood products went back 3-6 years. Of these 18 antibody-positive patients, 8 were positive for HIV antigen according to one or both antigen tests on one or more occasions. The longest period of antigen expression was 21 months in two patients, one being in perfect health, the other showing AIDS-related complex (ARC) for the last 9 months. The detection of antigen expression was highly variable between the two tests used. Both positive and negative antigen-test results must therefore be used with great caution in clinical practice. PMID- 3162698 TI - Clinicopathological study of hematological disorders after Thorotrast administration in Japan. AB - Ten leukemia and four aplastic anemia cases were clinicopathologically studied in autopsies from patients who had been administered the contrast medium, Thorotrast, three to five decades previously. The short period from the appearance of hematological symptoms to death, the relatively low percentage of leukemic cells in the peripheral blood, the high frequency of erythroleukemia, i.e., 50% of leukemia patients, and a case of atypical megakaryocyte proliferation were revealed in leukemia patients. Leukemic cell infiltration in the spleen tended to become slight or minimal with the progress of fibrosis. As a result, the degree of spleen swelling was mild or lacking in leukemia patients who had been administered Thorotrast. On the other hand, cases such as hyperplastic or normoplastic bone marrow, an increase in immature granulocytic series or no decrease in the number of megakaryocytes were observed in aplastic anemia of Thorotrast-administered patients. It was thought that fibrosis in the bone marrow as well as in the spleen was induced by Thorotrast deposition. Thus, in hematological disorders of Thorotrast-administered patients, both leukemia and aplastic anemia cases were considered to be mainly of the atypical type, and it was speculated that the damage due to Thorotrast may affect the hemopoietic stem cell level and hemopoietic microenvironment. PMID- 3162699 TI - An evaluation of recombinant leukocyte A interferon with aspirin in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer. AB - The authors designed a clinical trial to assess the impact of aspirin (ASA) (600 mg four times daily) on the constitutional sequelae of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (IFN-alpha 2A), 20 X 10(6) U/m2 thrice weekly, in 29 patients with advanced renal cell cancer (RCC). Aspirin provided no meaningful amelioration of side effects compared to our prior experience of IFN-alpha 2A alone. Interestingly, the objective response rate of 34% (10/29) was considerably higher than the 15% recently reported from an aggregate of 344 patients participating in 14 prospective clinical trials. In light of small numbers, subtle selection biases, and the well-recognized hazards of retrospective analyses, currently it is unclear if the apparent therapeutic advantage from ASA plus IFN-alpha 2A reflects chance occurrence or therapeutic potentiation from ASA. A randomized trial is planned to determine if ASA may have enhanced the efficacy of IFN-alpha 2A in patients with advanced RCC. PMID- 3162700 TI - Determination of transforming growth factor activity in effusions from cancer patients. AB - Transforming growth factors (TGF) are polypeptides that stimulate anchorage independent growth of various nontransformed cells in vitro. Transforming growth factors have been found in tumor extracts and in the urine of cancer patients. The specific questions of our study were whether TGF activity can be detected in malignant effusions, how different assays for TGF correlate with each other, and how assays for TGF correlate with soft agar tumor colony formation as measured by the human tumor cloning assay (HTCA). The TGF activity was measured by a normal rat kidney transformation assay (NRKA), a 125I-EGF radioreceptor assay (RRA), and a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for TGF-alpha. Cells from effusions were cytologically examined and plated in the HTCA. A total of 104 effusions from cancer patients and 17 effusions from non-cancer patients was tested. Transforming growth factor activity was detected in some specimens. Only the TGF-alpha RIA and the HTCA showed significant differences between cancer and noncancer patients. Immunoreactive TGF-alpha was measurable in some cases by RIA even when cytologic testing failed to detect malignant cells. Spearman correlations between assays indicated that RIA results correlate significantly with all other assays. It is concluded that TGF-alpha activity might be important for in vitro colony formation of human tumor cells. PMID- 3162701 TI - Chromosome studies on 30 Chinese patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in Taiwan. AB - Cytogenetic studies were performed on 32 consecutive Chinese patients with de novo acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) in Taiwan. Of the 30 patients with adequate specimens, 20(66%) had clonal chromosome abnormalities. Structural rearrangements were detected in 18 of them. Seven (four were children) of the 16 patients with M2 ANLL had t(8;21). All six patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL; M3 subtype) had t(15;17). Two patients with M4 type leukemia and abnormal bone marrow eosinophils had inv(16)(p13q22). Another M4 patient with a mild increase of morphologically normal eosinophils in the bone marrow had an abnormal chromosome #16, t(1;16)(q21;p13) in which 16q22 was not involved. One patient with M5 ANLL had t(9;11). Only two patients had a numerical change as the sole abnormality. None of the patients had loss or deletion of chromosome #5 or loss of chromosome #7, and only one had a deletion of 7q. This study revealed a high incidence of t(8;21), t(15;17), and a low incidence of -5/5q- or -7/7q- in Chinese patients with ANLL. PMID- 3162702 TI - Tumorigenicity of ten karyotypically distinct cell types present in the human melanoma cell line MeWo-A. AB - The earliest passage of the human melanoma cell line, MeWo-A, consists of ten cell types that can be distinguished on the basis of chromosome markers. Two of these cell types have chromosomes with long homogeneously staining regions (HSR) containing sequences derived from the short arm of a chromosome #15. In one cell type the HSR is found on a chromosome #15 and in the other it is on a der(15;10) HSR chromosome. Four other cell types were identifiable by morphologic differences of the short arm of chromosome #13, whereas, the four remaining cell types were identifiable by the presence of prominent satellites on other chromosomes. This study was directed at assessing the relative tumorigenic properties of the different cell types by injecting different numbers of cells intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, or intravenously into Balb/c nude mice. The primary tumors and nodules that developed in the peritoneal cavity and lungs were explanted into tissue culture. One hundred metaphase chromosome spreads from each established cell line were analyzed cytogenetically to detect changes in proportions of the different cell types. The cell type containing the der(15;10) HSR chromosome was present in only 20% of the cells injected, but increased in proportion to between 28% and 98% after growth in nude mice. Although the degree of selection of the der(15;10)-HSR-containing cell type was influenced by the number of cells injected, the consistent selection of these cells strongly suggests that this cell type has a growth advantage. Because the 15-HSR containing cell type rarely increased in proportion, it is likely that the HSR by itself can not confer the enhanced tumorigenic phenotype but requires the expression of other sequences present on other MeWo chromosomes to provide the selective growth advantage to the cells in which it is found. PMID- 3162703 TI - A hypothesis regarding the development of acute myeloid leukemia from preleukemic disorders. The role of protooncogenes. AB - Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia is often preceded by a preleukemic phase that can be characterized by a reduction in hematopoiesis, by ineffective hematopoiesis, or by a myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic state. The time between onset of the preleukemic state and the appearance of leukemia is quite variable, and at times such evolution does not occur. These clinical observations are compatible with the multistep hypothesis of tumor development. In studies underway in our laboratory, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is being used as a model system to study the steps in and possible mechanisms underlying the development of preleukemia and its evolution to acute leukemia. Chronic myelogenous leukemia is particularly suited for this role because the chronic phase of the disease is an easily identifiable myeloproliferative state that invariably evolves into acute leukemia. In the discussion that follows, this clinical entity is used to develop a general model for the preleukemias and their evolution to acute leukemia. PMID- 3162704 TI - Translocation t(8;14)(q24;q32) and del(1)(p22) in FAB-L1 adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia with long survival. AB - Clonal chromosome changes were found in a patient with FAB-L1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The changes consisted of a t(8;14)(q24;q32), Burkitt type, and a rare marker chromosome 1p-. The breakpoint in this chromosome was localized at band 1p22. Both these abnormalities were present in 100% of unstimulated peripheral blood cells. The detection of the t(8;14) in a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, without a clear evidence of B immunophenotype and with an unusual long survival (more than 3 years), is discussed. PMID- 3162705 TI - Cytogenetics of a case of osteosarcoma. AB - We present the result of the cytogenetic study of a case of osteosarcoma that revealed a very complex karyotype with a modal chromosome number of 93 and several structural chromosomal abnormalities. PMID- 3162706 TI - Chromosomes in renal carcinoma with reference to intratumor heterogeneity. AB - Cytogenetic studies of renal tumors from seven patients were performed (six renal cell carcinomas, one transitional cell carcinoma). Multiple samples were obtained from each tumor as well as one sample from normal tissue. Cultures were established after collagenase disaggregation. From five tumors, two or more cultures were available for chromosome analysis. All tumors were chromosomally abnormal, although some cultures had a normal chromosome complement. Aberrations involving chromosome 3 were seen in four tumors. Two patients had an identical marker chromosome del(3)(p14), suggesting that the breakpoint may be of significance for the development of tumors of the kidney. An extra chromosome 7 was found in four patients. In all four tumors from which two or more tumor cultures were studied, the chromosome constitution showed, besides a primary cytogenetic change, additional clonal abnormalities illustrating intratumoral heterogeneity. PMID- 3162707 TI - Existence of two distinct processes of chromosomal evolution in near-diploid colorectal tumors. AB - The comparison of all the karyotypes established in each of 18 near-diploid colorectal tumors made it possible to reconstruct a clonal evolution and to distinguish between early and late chromosomal aberrations. Because no abnormalities were observed in all tumors, and as even the most frequent changes, i.e., monosomy 17p and monosomy 18, may be present in mosaic, no chromosomal change can be regarded as a common primary event in the carcinogenetic process. However, the repeated occurrence of several changes favors the hypothesis of two karyotypic evolutionary processes. In most tumors, monosomy 17p and 18 were found, and the karyotypic evolution involved mainly several additional monosomies due to unbalanced rearrangements or losses that affect, by order of decreasing frequency, chromosomes 1p, 4, 14, 5q, 6q, 2p, and 11q, as well as gains of chromosomes 20, 8q, 13, 17q, and X. In this group of tumors, the mean number of chromosomes remains close to 46. In the other tumors, either only a monosomy 17p or a monosomy 18 was found and the karyotypic evolution involved essentially trisomies, resulting from gains with, by order of decreasing frequency, a preferential involvement of chromosomes 7, 8q, 13, 17q, 20, X, 2p, 5, and 16, the only additional recurrent deletion affecting chromosome 1p. In these tumors, the mean chromosome number is close to 51. Ten out of 11 polyploid sidelines emerged from monosomic-type tumors. PMID- 3162708 TI - Cytogenetic studies of Burkitt lymphoma-leukemia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - The frequency of Burkitt lymphoma-leukemia (BL) is high in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We describe four such cases, three with a translocation t(8;14)(q24;q32) and one with a t(8;22)(q24;q11). No Epstein-Barr virus genome was found in the tumorous cells of this patient. Including these cases, 13 patients with AIDS-associated BL have been reported so far with specific translocations. Three had a t(8q+; 22q-) variant translocation and the other ten patients had the t(8q-; 14q+). Associated chromosomal abnormalities were as frequent as in ordinary BL and were comparable with those occurring in cases of other BL, such as partial duplication of 1q and 13q34 rearrangements. Trisomy 12, however, was observed in 3 out of 13 AIDS-associated BL cases. PMID- 3162709 TI - The Philadelphia chromosome. Considerations based on studies of variant Ph translocations. AB - The nature of the Philadelphia (Ph) translocation and the process of its formation were studied by attempting various chromosome banding analyses of variant Ph translocations among 210 patients with Ph-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia examined at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba. The following assumptions could be drawn from the results of the analyses: 1) The involvement of specific regions of chromosomes #9 and #22, q34 and q11, respectively, is an indispensable condition of the Ph translocation. 2) The so called variant Ph translocations are all complex and are derived from a standard Ph translocation. 3) The Ph translocations, both standard and complex ones, are not always stable. The complex translocations are subject to further chromosome evolution, as is the conversion of the standard translocation to complex translocations. There seems to be no fundamental difference between the standard and complex Ph translocations, with the latter being merely a more progressed form of the former. Analyses at the molecular level of the same cases employed in this study are yielding results that support the above assumptions. PMID- 3162710 TI - Multiple apparently unrelated clonal chromosome abnormalities in a squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. AB - We have cytogenetically examined short-term cultures from a squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, a tumor type in which chromosome aberrations hitherto have not been reported. No less than 12 pseudodiploid clones were detected, giving the tumor karyotype 46,X,der(X)t(X;1)(q26;p32),der(1)(Xqter----Xq26::1p32 ---cen----1q42:), del(13)(q11q21),t(15;?) (q26;?)/46,XX,t(1;?)(p34;?),inv(2)(p21q11)/46,XX,t(1;10)(p32;q24)/ 46,XX, + der(1)(12pter----12p11::1p11----cen----1q32:: 11q13----11q22::1q32----1q42:), del(11)(q13q22), -12, der(17)t(1;17) (q42;p13)/46,XX,inv(1)(p22q44)/47,XX,del(1)(q32),der(17)t(1; 17)(p22;q25), der(1)inv(1) (q25q44)t(1;17)(p22;q25),ins(14;7)(q11;q22q36), + 14/46,XX,t(1;4)(q23;q35)/46, XX,t(1;21) (q25;q22),t(2;10)(q31;q26),t(22;?)(q12;?)/46,XX,del(1)(q32)/46,XX, t(1;8)(q44;q21)/46,XX, t(2;21)(q11;p11)/46,XX,t(9;11)(q34;q13). The large number of apparently unrelated abnormalities leads us to suggest that the carcinoma may have been of multiclonal origin. PMID- 3162711 TI - Cytotoxicity of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide for the blast progenitors of acute myeloblastic leukemia. AB - The effects of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC), an analogue of cyclophosphamide, on the blast progenitors from eight acute myeloblastic leukemia patients were studied in methylcellulose and suspension cultures. Leukemic blast progenitors undergo terminal divisions in methylcellulose culture, making blast colonies. Cells in primary colonies can make secondary colonies after replating in fresh methylcellulose medium. Leukemic blast progenitors grow exponentially in suspension culture for periods of weeks. The ability to form secondary colonies and the exponential growth in suspension culture are considered to reflect the self-renewal of blast progenitors. 4-HC suppressed primary blast colonies in a dose-responsive manner. Secondary colonies were not significantly affected by 4 HC. Although the clonogenic cell recovery was suppressed by 4-HC, leukemic blast progenitors were less sensitive to 4-HC in suspension culture than in methylcellulose culture. The results suggest that 4-HC is effective in suppressing the terminal divisions of blast progenitors but not as effective against the self-renewal of blast progenitors. PMID- 3162712 TI - [New findings in the genetics of Alzheimer-type dementia]. PMID- 3162714 TI - A centromere-based linkage group on the long arm of human chromosome 17. AB - A genetic linkage group on the long arm of chromosome 17 is reported. A maximum likelihood of theta = 0.20 between the centromere-based locus D17Z1 and COL1A1 has been found, as well as a theta = 0.10 between COL1A1 and GH1. The most likely order of the three loci is D17Z1-COL1A1-GH1. PMID- 3162713 TI - Stage-specific gene expression in erythroid progenitor cells (CFU-E). AB - In erythropoietic differentiation, mature red blood cells are generated from specific progenitor cells through the action of specific growth regulatory molecules. To know the mechanism of differentiation, it is important to examine the control of gene expression in these progenitor cells in combination with growth regulatory molecules. We have cloned two genes expressing at a maximal level in the CFU-E (colony forming unit-erythroid), one of the erythroid progenitor cells from novel murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cell line (TSA8) which can be induced to CFU-E in vitro. The expression of these genes is well correlated with the appearance of CFU-E during induction of TSA8 cells, and is higher in the CFU-E-cells enriched from mouse fetal livers than in the more differentiated erythroid cells. Combining these with our previous results, it is suggested that in the erythropoiesis the progenitor cells have distinct patterns of gene expression. This expression is replaced through each progenitor cell rather than by the continuous increase in the expression of a set of genes specific to the mature erythroid cell following the commitment process. PMID- 3162715 TI - Linkage studies of Usher syndrome: analysis of an Acadian kindred in Louisiana. PMID- 3162716 TI - HIV infection acquired by a nurse. AB - We report here the history of the first case of occupationally acquired HIV infection in Italy. Results of serological investigations sequentially performed allow the investigators to outline the natural history of the infection in this case. PMID- 3162717 TI - Partial duplication of chromosome 1q preceding the development of an L3 lymphoblastic leukemia with t(8;14), secondary to treatment for Hodgkin's disease. AB - We report on a case of secondary lymphoblastic leukemia L3 in a patient treated with chemo- radiotherapy for a previous Hodgkin's disease. The typical chromosome translocation t(8;14) was found in association with a translocation t(9;19) and a marker chromosome 1, dup(1q). The same marker chromosome had been detected in a few cells of peripheral blood 2 years before the onset of the acute leukemia and may represent a proliferation-associated change, responsible for the initiation of the process of leukemogenesis. PMID- 3162718 TI - Results of induction and consolidation treatment with intermediate and high-dose cytosine arabinoside and m-Amsa of patients with poor-risk acute myelogenous leukaemia. AB - 50 patients (aged 18-58 years) with acute myelogenous leukaemia after a preleukaemic phase (n = 14), acute myelogenous leukaemia that previously failed to respond to conventional chemotherapy (n = 9) or relapsed disease (n = 27) were given remission induction therapy consisting of cytosine arabinoside (1 g/m2 q 12 h x 12) and m-Amsa (115 mg/m2 for 1 or 3 days). Overall, 27 patients (54%) achieved complete remission. The complete remission rate for patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia after a preleukaemic phase (7/14) and those with primary refractory or relapsed leukaemia (20/36) seems superior to that obtained with conventional remission-induction therapy. 12 patients received 1-3 courses of consolidation chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside (3 g/m2 q 12 h x 8) and m Amsa (115 mg/m2 for 1 d). 3 of them subsequently underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation. The median duration of remission for the remaining 9 patients was 8 months. 11 patients did not receive consolidation therapy; their median duration of remission was 3 months. The difference between the two groups was not significant. 4 patients underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after achievement of complete remission. The impact of high-dose cytosine arabinoside consolidation chemotherapy on poor-risk acute myelogenous leukaemia remains unclear. PMID- 3162719 TI - Spontaneous splenic rupture in acute monocytic leukaemia. PMID- 3162720 TI - Hypocholesterolaemia in juvenile chronic myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 3162721 TI - [The relation between the variability of polygenic morphological and monogenic biochemical traits as exemplified by Karakul sheep]. AB - A quantitative method for investigation of relationship between polygenic and monogenic traits has been proposed. It is based on examination of relationship between frequencies of distribution classes of an adaptive quantitative trait and frequencies of certain genetic character in the same classes. The method permits to locate a gene marker within a space of quantitative trait values. Using adaptively significant morpho-anatomic traits, it is possible to estimate indirectly adaptive values of gene markers under consideration, since, in accordance with the concept of adaptive norm, "average" phenotypes have maximal fitness, whereas deviative phenotypes transgress the bounds of the optimum. As a genetical character, genotype of certain biochemical locus, individual heterozygosity range or interlocus combinations of alleles could be used. The method has been applied to newborn Astrakhan lambs. Principal component analysis has been used to obtain complex characterization for six constitutional characters. Some regularities in location of homo- and heterozygous genotypes of the transferrin locus within a space of morphological characters' values have been revealed. PMID- 3162722 TI - [Genome mapping of the silver fox. I. Determination of the chromosomal location of 8 fox genes and the search for homologous regions on fox and human chromosomes]. AB - Twenty-three silver fox-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids were analysed for the expression of fox enzyme loci and the segregation of fox chromosomes. This analysis made it possible to assign the gene PGD to chromosome 2, MDH2 to chromosome 3. NP to chromosome 10. APRT, ENO1, PGM1 to chromosome 12, MDH1 and IDH1 to chromosome 16. Possible use of the above-mentioned clone panel for fox gene mapping is analysed. An attempt to reveal homologous regions on fox and human chromosomes was made by comparative analysis of prometaphase fox and human chromosomes containing the homologous genes. The means and perspectives of verification of the hypothesis proposed are discussed. PMID- 3162723 TI - Spatially deranged though temporally correct expression of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus actin gene fusion in transgenic embryos of a different sea urchin family. AB - We report the unexpected observation that cis-regulatory sequences of a Strongylocentrotus purpuratus actin gene, which direct a particular, lineage specific pattern of embryonic expression, confer a completely different spatial pattern of expression when introduced into embryos of another sea urchin species. We utilized a fusion gene construct in which the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene is driven by CyIIIa actin regulatory sequences. We previously showed that the regulatory region that is included suffices to promote the accumulation of CAT mRNA in transgenic S. purpuratus embryos, on the same developmental schedule and in the same embryonic region, the aboral ectoderm, in which the CyIIIa actin gene is normally expressed (Flytzanis et al. 1987; Hough-Evans et al. 1987). When injected into zygotes of Lytechinus variegatus, which belongs to a different echinoid family, the expected temporal pattern of expression of CAT enzyme was observed. Thus, in both S. purpuratus and L. variegatus embryos, expression is activated at the early blastula stage, although this stage is attained several hours sooner in L. variegatus embryo cultures. Similar kinetics of CAT enzyme accumulation were obtained whether the gene was introduced directly into the L. variegatus zygote nucleus or into the cytoplasm. However, when examined by in situ hybridization, the transgenic L. variegatus embryos were found to display a totally new pattern of CAT mRNA accumulation. Copious CAT transcripts were detected not only in aboral ectoderm cells, but also in skeletogenic mesenchyme cells, gut cells, and oral ectoderm, all cell types that in the transgenic S. purpuratus controls are invariably devoid of detectable CAT transcripts. PMID- 3162724 TI - Modification of the xanthine-converting enzyme of perfused rat heart during ischemia and oxidative stress. AB - The reversible and irreversible conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase during ischemia/reperfusion and oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide or diamide and its relationship with glutathione and protein SH groups were studied. The direct spectrophotometric measurement of the various forms of the xanthine-converting enzyme indicates that, in the fresh rat heart or after normoxic perfusion, there always is a basal level of 80% xanthine dehydrogenase and 20% of xanthine oxidase (15% irreversible and 5% reversible) that could contribute to the background production of free radicals. There is no significant increase of irreversible xanthine oxidase during ischemia nor during reperfusion. After global ischemia the reversible oxidase shows almost no increase while, when ischemia is followed by reperfusion, there is a limited increase (less then 9%) of the reversible xanthine oxidase. In the latter conditions there is a decrease of glutathione and of SH groups of about 70% and 25%, respectively. Perfusion for 1 h with oxidizing agents like hydrogen peroxide (60 microM) or diamide (100 microM) determines a marked conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to reversible xanthine oxidase of about 40% and 60%, respectively; this oxidase activity partially reconverts to the dehydrogenase after withdrawing the oxidizing agents from the perfusion medium. The level of irreversible xanthine oxidase remains unchanged in all the conditions tested. Both hydrogen peroxide and diamide induce a strong decrease in SH groups and depletion of glutathione. The xanthine dehydrogenase----xanthine oxidase conversion thus appears to be sensitive to the redox state of thiol groups. PMID- 3162726 TI - Sexual hormones in the pathophysiology of Tourette's syndrome. PMID- 3162725 TI - A new variant of type IV glycogenosis: deficiency of branching enzyme activity without apparent progressive liver disease. AB - Type IV glycogenosis is due to branching enzyme deficiency and is usually manifested clinically by progressive liver disease with cirrhosis and hepatic failure between the second and fourth years of life. We describe a 5-year-old boy who, following an acute febrile illness at 2 years of age, was first noted to have hepatomegaly with mildly elevated serum transaminase levels. Liver biopsy revealed hepatic fibrosis with periodic-acid Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant inclusions in hepatocytes and fibrillar inclusions characteristic of amylopectin by electron microscopy. Enzymatic assay revealed deficient hepatic branching enzyme activity with normal activity of glucose-6-phosphatase, debranching enzyme and phosphorylase activities. During the succeeding 3 years, he grew and developed normally with apparent resolution of any clinical evidence of liver disease and only intermittent elevation in serum transaminase levels associated with fever and prolonged fasting. Repeat liver biopsy at 4 years of age showed persistence of scattered hepatocellular periodic-acid Schiff-positive, diastase resistant inclusions, but no progression of hepatic fibrosis in spite of persistent deficiency of hepatic branching enzyme activity. Skeletal muscle and skin fibroblasts from the patient also showed deficient enzyme activity. Skin fibroblasts from both parents exhibited half the normal control activity, suggesting a heterozygote state. This is the first documented patient with deficiency of branching enzyme but without evidence of progressive hepatic disease. This patient, coupled with reports of other patients with late onset hepatic or muscle disease with branching enzyme deficiency, suggests that the defect resulting in Type IV glycogen storage disease is more heterogenous and possibly more common than previously suspected. PMID- 3162727 TI - [Prognostic significance of antibodies to HIV nuclear proteins in patients with the lymphadenopathy syndrome]. AB - A total of 219 sera from HIV-infected patients were tested by a competitive immunoassay for the presence of antibodies to env and core protein. Whereas antibodies to the HIV envelope protein (gp41) were detected in all patients, only 84% of the patients with latent infection, 73% of the patients with LAS and 48% of the patients with AIDS had antibodies to the core protein (p 24). The prognostic importance of the decline of antibody reactivity to HIV core protein was further investigated in patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome or AIDS related complex and correlated with other serological and immunological parameters. In those patients with no detectable anti-core reactivity, we found more frequently pathological and significantly higher serum levels of beta-2 microglobulin and IgA, but significantly lower numbers of leucocytes and lymphocytes and T4/T8 ratio than in patients with both gp41 env and p24 core antibodies. These results demonstrate that the determination of antibodies to HIV core proteins in sera of HIV-infected patients, especially with lymphadenopathy syndrome or AIDS-related complex, appears to be of great value for monitoring prognosis and disease activity. PMID- 3162728 TI - Replacement of Streptomyces hygroscopicus genomic segments with in vitro altered DNA sequences. AB - We have developed a method for gene replacement in Streptomyces hygroscopicus which permits introduction of an in vitro derived mutation carried on a plasmid into the chromosome. We constructed the plasmid pMSB212 which can replicate in S. hygroscopicus and contains the step5 gene of the bialaphos biosynthetic pathway which was inactivated by a frame-shift mutation caused by filling in the cohesive ends of the EcoR I site in the structural gene. pMSB212 was introduced into a bialaphos producer strain and by protoplast regeneration of the primary thiostrepton-resistant transformants, non-producing mutants, were obtained. Biochemical and genetical analyses indicated that these mutants were specifically blocked by introduction of the frame-shift mutation in the step5 gene on the chromosome. This method will enable us to obtain isogenic mutants of known genes and to identify new genes encoded on a cloned fragment. PMID- 3162729 TI - Prostaglandins and control of breathing in newborn piglets. AB - To investigate the possible role of prostaglandins in regulation of postnatal breathing, phrenic neural activity (PMO) was recorded as an index of breathing in 42 anesthetized, paralyzed piglets less than 30 days of age (weight 2.4 +/- 0.2 kg, age 9.9 +/- 1.5 days) who were mechanically ventilated with 100% O2 at a fixed tidal volume (8-10 ml/kg). End-tidal CO2 was held constant by an electronic servocontroller which adjusted ventilator rate; ventilator rate was monitored as an index of CO2 production. Rectal temperature was maintained at 39.0 +/- 0.2 degrees C. The effects on PMO of intravenous and brain ventricular injections of NaCl and agents active in the prostaglandin cascade were compared. Intravenous (0.25-1.0 mg/kg, n = 9) and brain (5-33 micrograms/kg, n = 6) indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, doubled PMO within 30 min. Intravenous (1-10 micrograms/kg, n = 6) and brain (1-40 micrograms/kg, n = 6) prostaglandin E1 inhibited PMO by one-half at 10 and 30 min. PMID- 3162730 TI - Regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation state by sphingosine in A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells. AB - The regulation of protein phosphorylation by sphingosine in A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells was examined. Sphingosine is a competitive inhibitor of phorbol ester binding to protein kinase C (Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent enzyme) and potently inhibits phosphotransferase activity in vitro. Addition of sphingosine to intact A431 cells caused an inhibition of the phorbol ester-stimulated phosphorylation of two protein kinase C substrates, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor threonine 654 and transferrin receptor serine 24. We conclude that sphingosine inhibits the activity of protein kinase C in intact A431 cells. However, further experiments demonstrated that sphingosine-treatment of A431 cells resulted in the regulation of the EGF receptor by a mechanism that was independent of protein kinase C. First, sphingosine caused an increase in the threonine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor on a unique tryptic peptide. Second, sphingosine caused an increase in the affinity of the EGF receptor in A431 and in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing wild-type (Thr654) and mutated (Ala654) EGF receptors. Sphingosine was also observed to cause an increase in the number of EGF-binding sites expressed at the surface of A431 cells. Examination of the time course of sphingosine action demonstrated that the effects on EGF binding were rapid (maximal at 2 mins) and were observed prior to the stimulation of receptor phosphorylation (maximal at 20 mins). We conclude that sphingosine is a potently bioactive molecule that modulates cellular functions by: 1) inhibiting protein kinase C; 2) stimulating a protein kinase C-independent pathway of protein phosphorylation; and 3) increasing the affinity and number of cell surface EGF receptors. PMID- 3162731 TI - Prostaglandin E2 regulates macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor gene expression. AB - Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) is a macrophage-derived peptide that is known to be an important mediator in various physiologic and immunologic events. Although the effector function of TNF has received recent attention, there is relatively little information regarding factors that regulate TNF expression. Highly Ia-positive murine peritoneal macrophages obtained via complete Freund's adjuvant elicitation were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and assessed for the production and regulation of TNF at the cellular and molecular levels. In response to 1 microgram/ml LPS, the kinetics of functionally active TNF reached a maximum at approximately 3-4 h. The plateau in TNF levels was concomitant with an accelerated increase in prostaglandin E2 production. The addition of exogenous PGE2 demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in LPS-induced TNF activity at the cellular level, as well as a significant reduction in TNF mRNA accumulation as assessed by Northern blot and in situ hybridization analysis. The reduction in LPS-stimulated mRNA accumulation by PGE2 was shown to occur at least at the level of transcription, since nuclear run-off analysis showed a specific reduction in TNF transcripts. These studies demonstrate that PGE2 can regulate macrophage derived TNF gene expression. PMID- 3162732 TI - Endocytosis of the transferrin receptor is altered during differentiation of murine erythroleukemic cells. AB - During terminal differentiation of murine erythroleukemic (MEL) cells, the number of surface transferrin binding sites per cell decreases dramatically, while steady-state ligand uptake and immunoblotting studies demonstrate that the total number of transferrin receptors per cell remains constant. Since the amount of protein per cell decreases 4-fold during this 4-day period, the amount of transferrin receptor protein, relative to total soluble cell protein, increases 4 fold during this time, suggesting continued synthesis of the receptor. Supporting this, we show that the amount of transferrin receptor transcript in equal amounts of total cell RNA also increases as differentiation proceeds. Uninduced cells maintain 52% of the total transferrin binding sites on the cell surface, whereas only 22% of the receptors are on the surface in 4-day induced cells. All ligand endocytosed by either uninduced or induced cells at 37 degrees C is rapidly and completely exocytosed from the cells, suggesting that all of the cellular receptors are cycling. These studies suggest that, during MEL cell differentiation, an increasing fraction of transferrin receptors are localized to the cell interior, but are nevertheless cycling to the cell surface. This observed redistribution is due to altered kinetic parameters of the receptor. Receptor-bound 125I-labeled transferrin ligand has been followed through a single endocytic cycle. Ligand internalization occurs much more rapidly in induced cells (t1/2 = 2.9 min) than in uninduced cells (t1/2 = 6.9 min). The rates for ligand movement back out to the cell surface and its subsequent release into the medium in both uninduced and induced cells are quite similar. PMID- 3162733 TI - Single amino acid substitutions in the reactive site of antithrombin leading to thrombosis. Congenital substitution of arginine 393 to cysteine in antithrombin Northwick Park and to histidine in antithrombin Glasgow. AB - Antithrombin Northwick Park and antithrombin Glasgow are functionally variant antithrombins with impaired abilities to interact with thrombin. Thrombosis is associated with their inheritance. Both of the purified, reduced, and S carboxymethylated variant antithrombins were treated with cyanogen bromide and the major pools of each containing the amino acid sequence Gly339-Met423 were isolated. Following treatment of these pools with trypsin, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry identified tryptic peptides (found also in normal antithrombin treated in the same way) that corresponded to amino acid sequences Gly339-Lys370 and Val400-Met423. The tryptic peptides, corresponding to amino acid sequences Ala371-Arg393 and Ser394-Arg399 were present in both variant preparations in greatly reduced amounts compared to a normal antithrombin preparation. However, two novel tryptic peptides of molecular mass (M + H)+ 2976 and 2952 were identified in the digests of antithrombin Northwick Park and Glasgow, respectively. Further analyses of these novel tryptic peptides were carried out by V8 protease treatment and sequential Edman degradation coupled with mass spectrometric analysis of the shortened peptides. This established that these peptides comprised the amino acid sequence Ala371-Arg399, but with single amino acid substitutions at the reactive site, Arg393 replaced by Cys (in antithrombin Northwick Park) and by His (in antithrombin Glasgow). PMID- 3162736 TI - Divisional abstracts, supported by the International College of Dentists. PMID- 3162734 TI - The binding of factor Va to phospholipid vesicles. AB - The analysis of free sulfhydryl groups in factor Va using dithiobis-(nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) indicated the presence of one accessible thiol in each of the two subunits of the cofactor. Intact factor Va contained one readily accessible sulfhydryl group under native conditions and approximately two such groups after denaturation. A comparison of the rate of modification of the accessible thiol in factor Va under native conditions to those observed with the isolated subunits indicated that the thiol present in component D of the cofactor was readily accessible to reaction with DTNB. Factor Va was reacted with the sulfhydryl directed fluorophore N-(1-pyrene)maleimide, resulting in the concomitant loss of the accessible thiol with no detectable alteration in the activity of the cofactor. This fluorescent derivative of factor Va (Pyr-Va) was used to examine the binding of factor Va to phospholipid vesicles by fluorescence polarization. Fluorescence polarization of the pyrene moiety increased saturably when Pyr-Va was titrated with increasing concentrations of vesicles composed of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine (PS). Systematic analysis of the binding of Pyr-Va to PCPS (75% phosphatidylcholine, 25% PS) indicated that the binding interaction was characterized by a dissociation constant of 2.7 x 10(-9) M with 42 mol of PCPS bound per mol of Va at saturation. The data obtained by varying the PS content of the vesicles are consistent with the interpretation that the Va-combining site on the vesicle surface is composed of a discrete number of PS molecules. The binding of Pyr-Va to PCPS was independent of added calcium ion and could be reversed by the addition of unlabeled Va or isolated component E but not by component D. Analysis of the displacement curves indicated that native factor Va or isolated component E and Pyr-Va mutually excluded each other on the vesicle surface with identical affinities. Competition experiments conducted using component E digested by factor Xa or the isolated derivative peptides indicated that the cleavage of component E by factor Xa had no effect on the PCPS binding properties of this subunit. Further, the data obtained with the isolated peptides suggest that the lipid-binding domain of component E is present in the amino-terminal region of this subunit. PMID- 3162735 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes from HIV-infected patients synthesize HIV specific antibody in vitro. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes from six human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected and three seronegative patients were studied for in vitro synthesis of HIV-specific antibody by means of Western blot analysis of lymphocyte culture supernatants. All the HIV-positive subjects showed in vitro production of HIV specific IgG, regardless of neurological involvement, while no specific antibody synthesis was detected in seronegative individuals. These data provide the first direct evidence that HIV-specific antibody in cerebrospinal fluid is due to intrathecal synthesis. PMID- 3162737 TI - The effect of knowledge of the desired outcome on dental motor performance. AB - Knowledge of the desired outcome of a series of movements is a critical component of motor performance, since it is used to develop the appropriate motor program and to form a basis for understanding terminal extrinsic feedback and formulating subjective reinforcement. In dentistry, information about the desired outcome is almost always disseminated in a lecture and laboratory manual, and a demonstration often is provided. However, mastery by students usually is not given the importance it deserves. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an instructional strategy designed to increase the students' knowledge of the desired outcome by determining whether such knowledge had an effect on dental motor performance. Two intact groups of first-year dental students were randomly assigned to a control or experimental treatment. The control treatment included conventional written and oral descriptions of criteria and methods for completing the occlusal (n = 93) and mesio-occlusal (n = 99) amalgam preparations. The experimental treatment directed the students' attention to critical features of tooth anatomy, and the preparation and methods for assessing performance. Results indicated statistically significant differences (p less than .05) in favor of the experimental group for both performance and degree of agreement with the instructor's evaluation of the mesio-occlusal amalgam only. PMID- 3162738 TI - The perceived value of required research in orthodontic postdoctoral training. PMID- 3162739 TI - A survey of predoctoral orthodontic education. PMID- 3162740 TI - Relationship between field dependency and dental student evaluations of radiographs. PMID- 3162741 TI - The implementation of a dental school night clinic. PMID- 3162742 TI - Clinical teaching by video-enhanced study club discussion sessions. PMID- 3162743 TI - Interactive videodisc patient simulations of oral diseases. PMID- 3162744 TI - The 1987 dental school applicant pool. PMID- 3162745 TI - Mechanism of target cytolysis by peptide defensins. Target cell metabolic activities, possibly involving endocytosis, are crucial for expression of cytotoxicity. AB - In a previous study, potent tumor cytolysis mediated by human neutrophil peptide defensins occurred slowly over 3 to 15 h. Because these kinetics suggested a requirement for target cell metabolic processes before tumor killing could be realized, the mechanism of lysis by these purified peptides was further investigated. 125I-labeled defensin bound extensively to peptide-sensitive K562 targets with biphasic kinetics. Binding was inhibited in parallel with cytotoxicity when both assays were performed at low temperature or in the presence of FCS. The albumin content of serum could account for the inhibitory effects of FCS. Cytotoxicity was also antagonized by agents that interfered with target cell energy metabolism (azide and 2-deoxyglucose), the cytoskeletal apparatus (cytochalasin B and dihydrocytochalasin B), lysosomal function (NH4Cl and chloraquin), or calmodulin-mediated activities (trifluoperazine). FCS also completely removed membrane-bound defensin when it was added after 5 min of binding at 37 degrees C. However, significantly less defensin was removed when FCS was added at later time points after binding was initiated. Cytochalasin B and azide/2-deoxyglucose did not prevent binding of defensin to targets but it significantly inhibited the development of FCS resistance in membrane-bound peptide. However, these two classes of inhibitors acted during distinct time windows: cytochalasin-sensitive events were complete by 1 h, whereas azide/2 deoxyglucose continued to be inhibitory when added as late as 2 h after defensins. These latter data indicated that critical energy-dependent events continue after the cytochalasin-sensitive phase has been completed. The results suggest that defensin-mediated cytotoxicity requires initial binding of defensin molecules to targets and subsequent cytoskeletal- and energy-dependent translocation or internalization. Although the defensins are low m.w. peptides, the initial processes required for their cytotoxic activity resemble those of more complex bacterial, plant and mammalian cytotoxins. PMID- 3162746 TI - A study of tachykinin-immunoreactive neurons in monkey cerebral cortex. AB - Immunocytochemical methods were used to localize tachykinin-like immunoreactivity within neurons of the monkey cerebral cortex. Three primary antibodies were used: polyclonal antisera raised against fragments of substance P and substance K that excluded the carboxyl termini of these peptides, and a monoclonal antibody that recognized the carboxyl terminus of the tachykinin family. Each antibody stained 2 populations of cortical nonpyramidal neurons: (1) A small number of large, intensely stained cells that give rise to long, coarsely beaded processes; (2) a relatively large number of small, lightly stained cells that are embedded in dense plexuses of stained punctate profiles. The large, dark cells are present in a superficial band that includes layers II and III, and in a deep band that includes layer VI and the subjacent white matter. The smaller, pale cells are present in the middle layers of cortex (layers IV and/or V). Colocalization studies indicate that virtually all the small tachykinin-immunoreactive neurons also display GABA immunoreactivity. The larger cells are not GABA-positive, but display both somatostatin-like and neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity. The immunocytochemically stained beaded processes and punctate profiles from plexuses that vary in density and laminar distribution among different areas of monkey cortex. The coarsely beaded processes form a basic quadrilaminar pattern, with relatively dense plexuses in layers I and VI and in 2 middle layers, usually III and V. However, this pattern varies considerably from area to area. Electron microscopically, the large cells contain a rich collection of cytoplasmic organelles, particularly Golgi complex, while the small cells contain relatively few organelles. Both types of cells, including large neurons in the white matter, receive symmetric and asymmetric synaptic contacts on their somata and proximal dendrites. The numbers of these axosomatic contacts are low. Virtually all synaptic contacts formed by immunoreactive terminals possess symmetric membrane thickenings. In 2 areas examined in detail (areas 2 and 4), pyramidal cell somata and dendrites are the major targets of the immunoreactive synaptic terminals. PMID- 3162747 TI - Activity-dependent regulation of tachykinin-like immunoreactivity in neurons of monkey visual cortex. AB - A monoclonal antibody that recognizes the carboxyl terminus of substance P was used to localize tachykinin-like immunoreactivity in neurons of area 17 of the adult monkey cerebral cortex. Tachykinin immunostaining was examined in normal monkeys, in monkeys receiving monocular injections of the sodium channel blocker TTX for 10 or 15 d, and in monkeys from which the crystalline lens of one eye had been removed 3 or 6 months prior to death. The immunocytochemical staining in each monkey was compared with the histochemical staining for the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome oxidase (CO). These forms of monocular deprivation produce the most profound changes in the staining of layers II-III and IVC. In layers II-III of normal monkeys, tachykinin-immunoreactive somata are uniformly distributed by immunostained puncta are densely packed in rows of patches that correspond to the rows of CO-stained patches. Following monocular TTX injections, both the patches of CO staining in the deprived-eye columns and the corresponding patches of intense tachykinin immunostaining shrink. Quantitative analyses indicate the numerical density of immunostained somata is reduced by 50% within the deprived eye rows of patches and is also reduced within regions surrounding the patches in both sets of ocular dominance columns. Following the removal of the lens from one eye, the CO-stained patches and the immunostained patches in one set of rows shrink and the density of immunostained somata in these rows is reduced by 60%. In the alternating rows, the CO staining between patches increases so that many of the patches fuse to form long, continuous bands. Patches of immunostained puncta also enlarge and fuse; the density of immunostained somata in these rows of enlarged patches is approximately 30% greater than normal. In layer IVC of normal monkeys, the CO staining and the tachykinin immunostaining are relatively uniform. Following monocular TTX injections the CO staining and the tachykinin immunostaining are greatly reduced in columns dominated by the injected eye, corresponding to an 80% reduction in the numerical density of immunoreactive somata. By contrast, the CO staining in layer IVC of aphakic monkeys is changed only slightly from normal and the tachykinin immunostaining appears normal. The changes in the density of immunostained somata in both layers II-III and in IVC occur even through the total density of thionin-stained neurons remains normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3162749 TI - Medicines from new biotechnologies. PMID- 3162748 TI - Keratolenticular dysgenesis (Peters' anomaly) as a result of acute embryonic insult during gastrulation. AB - Keratolenticular dysgenesis (Peters' anomaly) was induced in mice by exposure to the human teratogens, ethanol or 13-cis retinoic acid (isotretinoin, Accutane). Acute teratogen exposure on the seventh day of gestation (corresponding to the third week of human gestation) resulted in an eye malformation incidence of 46% to 100% in day 14 fetuses. Of the abnormal eyes, 10% to 29% demonstrated failure of detachment of the lens from the surface ectoderm. Delayed lens detachment was seen as anterior lenticonus in 33% to 35% of the abnormal eyes. Abnormal lens detachment appeared to result in mechanical interference with neural crest migration to form the corneal stroma and endothelium, and iris stroma. This secondary effect on neural crest derivatives is exhibited in the adult animals as corneal opacities associated with defects in Descemet's membrane and endothelium, and anterior polar cataracts. PMID- 3162750 TI - Quality assurance and the clinical laboratory. PMID- 3162751 TI - DNA probes demonstrate utility in diagnosis, treatment monitoring. PMID- 3162753 TI - Human AML colony growth in serum-free culture. AB - Here we report experiments dealing with the development of a fully serum-free culture system for AML cell proliferation. A number of compounds were tested for the requirements of AML colony formation and DNA synthesis in vitro in an attempt to replace serum with an artificial mixture. The results indicate that bovine serum albumin (BSA, 15 mg/ml), cholesterol (7.8 micrograms/ml), transferrin (7.7 X 10(-6) M) and insulin (1 microgram/ml) were essential for AML cell proliferation. Linoleic acid, 2-mercaptoethanol and selenite contributed only moderately beneficial effects. This mixture obviated the need for adding exogenous fetal calf or horse serum to the cultures and permitted equivalent and frequently superior AML colony formation and DNA synthesis. This is the first serum-free culture method for human AML that may allow for in-vitro studies of the growth regulation by recombinant growth factors under exactly defined and standardized conditions. PMID- 3162752 TI - Immunophenotype of clonogenic cells in myeloid leukaemia. AB - Leukaemic clonogenic cells, capable of forming colonies of blast cells in an in vitro assay, were examined for surface antigen expression using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to stem cell and myeloid differentiation antigens in nine cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and four cases of chronic myeloid leukaemia in myeloid blast crisis (CML-MBC). Clonogenic cells were found to be most frequently positive with anti-HLA-DR (positive in 100% cases) and RFB-1 (71%) Mabs, with significant reactivity also being seen with CD-33 (69%) and CD 13 (61%) myeloid specific antibodies. CD-11b and CD-15 antigens, expressed predominantly on mature leucocytes, were not significantly expressed on the clonogenic population. Interestingly, the CD-34 antigen, detected by MY-10 Mab on normal myeloid progenitor cells, was demonstrated on the clonogenic fraction of only one of seven cases tested. A discrepancy between antigen expression of clonogenic cells and immunophenotype of the total leukaemic population was frequently seen, with "early" markers (CD-33, HLA-DR, RFB-1) expressed on a higher proportion of the clonogenic fraction than the overall population, while the converse was the case for the "later" marker, CD-11b. Based on the known normal distribution of differentiation antigens, particularly the CD-13 antigen, cases could be ranked according to clonogenic phenotype into immature (CD-13- HLA DR+ CD-33+ or CD-33-; five cases), and mature (CD-13+ HLA-DR+ CD-33+; eight cases), levels. However, there was no correlation between these maturation levels and the morphology according to the FAB classification. Of note, the mature group included three CML-MBC, as well as two AML cases with a history of myelodysplasia or myeloproliferative disorder. These immunophenotypic findings indicate a heterogeneity in the level of maturation of the clonogenic population, not only in cases of de-novo AML, but also in AML thought to derive from multipotential stem cells. PMID- 3162754 TI - Synergism between U.V. and thymidine treatments in the induction of cytogenetic damage in wild-type Friend erythroleukaemia cells. AB - The cytogenetic aberration-inducing effect of excess thymidine and U.V. light in Friend erythroleukaemia (clone 707) cells was investigated. Three doses of U.V. were utilised, namely 2.4, 4.8 and 7.2 J/m2. Thymidine, at 1 X 10(-5) M, was present for 48 h prior to U.V. treatment and for 15 h following it. Although no significant increase in metaphase aberrations was observed following thymidine treatment alone, relative to the spontaneous frequency, clone 707 exhibited increased sensitivity to U.V.-induced cytogenetic damage, when grown in the presence of 1 X 10(-5) M thymidine. The observed synergism between U.V. and thymidine treatments may be due to thymidine-induced nucleotide pool imbalance with consequent inaccuracies in DNA repair. PMID- 3162755 TI - Thymidine kinase in human leukemia. Expression of the lymphoblastic isoenzyme in three patients with acute myelocytic leukemia. AB - The dominating thymidine kinase activity in mononuclear white blood cells from three patients with untreated acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) was compared with TK 1 from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated and TK 2 from unstimulated, normal lymphocytes. The enzyme activity in the AML cells and the stimulated lymphocytes was found to be in the same range. Regarding the combined thymidine and dTTP kinetics, the enzymes from the three AML patients resembled TK 1, but the ATP kinetics were different and the molecular weights were lower, as previously found for thymidine kinases from other leukemic cells. Therefore, the designation TK-1 onc is suggested for the thymidine kinases from the AML cells. PMID- 3162756 TI - Effects of antisecretory drugs on mucosal erosions induced by intragastric distension in rats: a comparative study. AB - The antiulcer effects of two classical antisecretory agents, cimetidine and pirenzepine, were compared with those of prostaglandin E2 and carbenoxolone sodium. The acid inhibitory action of drugs was not important in our study since the ulcer model employed consisted of perfusing the stomach continuously, at a high intraluminal pressure (120 mm H2O), with a simulated gastric juice (0.1 M HCl plus 600 mg pepsin/l). Cimetidine and pirenzepine failed to inhibit gastric erosions, whereas prostaglandin E2 and carbenoxolone greatly reduced the severity of the mucosal lesions. Long-term treatment with cimetidine did not prevent gastric damage. These findings indicate that pure antisecretory agents do not directly increase the capacity of the mucosa to resist damage. PMID- 3162757 TI - Association of p93c-fes tyrosine protein kinase with granulocytic/monocytic differentiation and resistance to differentiating agents in HL-60 leukemia cells. AB - A 93-kDa tyrosine protein kinase (p93) identified previously as the gene product of the c-fes proto-oncogene, is highly expressed in HL-60 leukemia cells induced to differentiate to the granulocyte or monocyte phenotype. We have now studied the relationship of p93 to the differentiation process by using a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-resistant subline of HL-60 cells (HL-60/DMSO) or the parental cell line treated with peptide or protein substrates of p93. Treatment of HL 60/DMSO cells with DMSO induced neither differentiation nor the expression of p93; however, cotreatment with IFN-alpha and DMSO resulted in partial differentiation and the concomitant induction of p93 activity. Treatment of wild type HL-60 cells by the coaddition of the p93 substrates poly(Glu,Tyr)1:1, poly(Glu,Tyr)4:1, poly(Glu,Ala,Tyr)6:3:1, angiotensin II or vasoactive intestinal peptide with DMSO or IFN-tau partially blocked differentiation and concurrently diminished the induction of p93 activity. The inhibitory concentrations of the p93 substrates were related to their Km values. These results indicate that there is an obligatory association between the expression of p93 and granulocyte/monocyte differentiation in this cell line. PMID- 3162758 TI - Physical-chemical properties shared by compounds that modulate multidrug resistance in human leukemic cells. AB - Multidrug resistance (MDR), typified by resistance to Vinca alkaloids and anthracyclines, is a well characterized experimental phenomenon that may have some clinical correlates. Verapamil, chloroquine, and related drugs have been shown previously to be capable of enhancing anticancer drug cytotoxicity in multi drug-resistant cells, but the mechanism(s) by which these agents do this is(are) unclear. Since these agents did not seem to have common features, we studied these and other compounds for their ability to "modulate" Vinca alkaloid resistance in order to determine whether they possessed any common chemical or physical features. In addition to verapamil, 24 compounds, consisting of indole alkaloids, lysosomotropic agents, and amines, were tested for their ability to enhance the cytotoxicity of vinblastine and/or vincristine in our human leukemic multidrug-resistant cell line, CEM/VLB100. Seventeen compounds that enhance the cytotoxicity of the Vinca alkaloids by more than 5-fold have been identified. These include quinolines (chloroquine, quinine, chinchonidine, and primaquine), acridines (acridine, acridine orange, and quinacrine), and indole alkaloids (yohimbine, corynanthine, reserpine, physostigmine, and the vindoline and catharanthine moieties of the Vinca alkaloids), as well as other alkaloids and amines (chlorpromazine, propranolol, atropine, and tryptamine). Vindoline, catharanthine, and quinacrine also enhanced the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and teniposide in these cells, indicating that this "modulation" was not limited to Vinca alkaloids. We examined some well known lysosomotropic compounds (methylamine, epinephrine, suramin, and trypan blue) and found that they were not able to enhance the cytotoxicity of vincristine in the CEM/VLB100 cells, indicating that lysosomotropic activity per se is not required for modulator activity. Three-dimensional computer modeling permitted molecular comparisons of conformationally related congeners of vinblastine, vindoline, and verapamil and revealed three regions of structural homology. We measured the hydrophobicity (by oil/water partitioning) and calculated the molar refractivity (by the additive substituent constant method) of active and inactive compounds. We found that those cationic agents--verapamil, quinacrine, indole alkaloids, and quinolines- that were lipid soluble at physiologic pH and had similar molar refractivities were best able to enhance the cytotoxicity of the Vinca alkaloids in our multidrug-resistant cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3162760 TI - Greens against genes. PMID- 3162759 TI - Sulfation of benzylic alcohols catalyzed by aryl sulfotransferase IV. AB - Aryl sulfotransferase (AST) IV catalyzes the 3'-phosphoadenosine 5' phosphosulfate-dependent sulfation of a variety of benzylic alcohols. Several molecular characteristics of benzylic alcohols were investigated for their ability to influence the catalytic efficiency of a homogeneous preparation of rat hepatic AST IV. The results of these studies indicated that lipophilicity of the benzylic alcohol was a major factor in determining catalytic efficiency, as represented by the values of kcat/Km. Furthermore, this effect was primarily mediated by a decrease in the apparent Km as a function of increasing lipophilicity of the molecules. This effect of lipophilicity was documented by a linear correlation between the apparent Km values of the benzylic alcohols and the logarithms of their octanol/water partition coefficients. In contrast to previously observed effects of para substituents on phenols, electronic effects of substituents on the phenyl ring had no effect on the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme with benzylic alcohols. In a further difference between phenol and benzylic alcohol substrates for AST IV, 2-naphthol exhibited pronounced substrate inhibition at pH 7.0, whereas the analogous benzylic alcohol, 2 naphthalenemethanol, did not. Stereochemistry at the benzylic carbon also had an effect on the catalytic efficiency of the AST IV; kcat/Km values for S-(-)-1 phenylethanol were approximately 3-fold higher than for R-(+)-1-phenylethanol. PMID- 3162761 TI - Molecular biology threatened by West German law. PMID- 3162762 TI - A group specific anamnestic immune reaction against HIV-1 induced by a candidate vaccine against AIDS. AB - The first experimental immunization of humans against the AIDS retrovirus, HIV-1, was started in a series of HIV seronegative, healthy volunteers in November 1986. For the primary vaccination recombinant vaccinia virus (V25) expressing the complete gp160 env protein of the HTLV-IIIB strain of HIV-1 was introduced by scarification. This elicited a weak primary response which we subsequently attempted to enhance by additional immunizations (boosting), using four different immunization protocols. We report here that intravenous injection of paraformaldehyde-fixed autologous cells infected in vitro with V25 (individual D.Z.) gave the best results. This individual received second and third boosts of intramuscular gp160 derived from an HTLV-IIIB clone using the hybrid vaccinia virus/bacteriophage T7 expression system. An anamnestic humoral and cellular immune reaction was achieved for over one year after the original vaccination, with high levels of antibodies to the viral envelope, and neutralizing antibodies against divergent HIV-1 strains such as HTLV-IIIB and HTLV-IIIRF (also called HTLV-III HAT) after the first boost. In addition, group-specific cell-mediated immunity and cell-mediated cytotoxicity against infected T4 cells were obtained after the primary vaccine and enhanced by the boosts. Finally, skin tests showed both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity to gp160 in vivo. Although this protocol is not practical for a large scale vaccine trial, our results show for the first time that an immune state against HIV can be obtained in man. PMID- 3162763 TI - Serum CA 125 levels in preoperative evaluation of pelvic masses. AB - Serum CA 125 levels in 182 gynecology patients with pelvic masses were measured preoperatively. We found values exceeding 35 U/mL in 14 of 18 patients (77.8%) with malignant pelvic tumors. Thirty-six of 164 benign pelvic masses (22%) were associated with CA 125 levels above 35 U/mL, and 19 of 164 (11.5%) had levels that exceeded 65 U/mL. The degree of CA 125 elevation did not correlate with lesion size or weight. Elevated levels were often associated with benign secondary pathology such as endometriosis. Incorporating an age cutoff arbitrarily set at 50 years helped to interpret an elevated CA 125 level. Our findings suggest that an elevated serum CA 125 level by itself does not sufficiently distinguish benign from malignant masses preoperatively. PMID- 3162764 TI - Medical complications of eating disorders in adolescents. AB - Anorexia nervosa and bulimia are occurring with increased frequency among adolescents and preadolescents. To determine the range and severity of medical complications encountered in younger anorectic and bulimic patients, we reviewed the medical records of 65 adolescents and preadolescents, aged 10 to 20 years, who were observed in the Eating Disorders Clinic of the Children's Hospital at Stanford. Significant medical instability was present in the majority of our patients. A total of 55% of anorectic patients and 22% of bulimic patients required hospitalization for medical reasons during the study period. Cardiovascular abnormalities were frequent, including bradycardia, prolonged corrected QT intervals, dysrhythmias, and marked orthostatic pulse and BP instability. Hypothermia, with temperatures less than 35.5 degrees C, was common. Renal abnormalities included pyuria, hematuria, and proteinuria. Electrolyte derangements occurred in patients who vomited or purged. Hypokalemia was most common, but hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypophosphatemia were also noted. The majority of our pediatric patients with eating disorders had evidence of physiologic derangement requiring medical intervention. The need for adolescents and preadolescents with eating disorders to receive ongoing medical monitoring in concert with psychiatric treatment and the need for therapists and medical practitioners to become familiar with the potential medical sequelae of eating disorders are underscored by our data. PMID- 3162766 TI - Correction of mouse ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency by gene transfer into the germ line. AB - The sparse fur with abnormal skin and hair (Spf-ash) mouse is a model for the human X-linked hereditary disorder, ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency. In Spf-ash mice, both OTC mRNA and enzyme activity are 5% of control values resulting in hyperammonemia, pronounced orotic aciduria and an abnormal phenotype characterized by growth retardation and sparse fur. Using microinjection, we introduced a construction containing rat OTC cDNA linked to the SV40 early promoter into fertilized eggs of Spf-ash mice. The expression of the transgene resulted in the development of a transgenic mouse whose phenotype and orotic acid excretion are fully normalized. Thus, the possibility of correcting hereditary enzymatic defect by gene transfer of heterologous cDNA coding for the normal enzyme has been demonstrated. PMID- 3162765 TI - Vasoconstrictive effect of portal blood in isolated dog kidney. AB - Humoral vasoactive substances coming from portal blood have been considered as a possible cause of renal dysfunction in cirrhotic patients. We have thus investigated the effect of perfusion of portal blood from anesthetized dogs on the isolated kidney functions. Both kidneys of a dog were simultaneously perfused on 2 Nizet's pump oxygenators, one kidney serving as control for the other. Renal blood flow was decreased in kidneys perfused with portal blood, as compared to the paired control kidneys perfused with sus-hepatic blood (group A experiments). Addition of polymyxin B to the portal blood restored the renal blood flow to the control level (group B experiments). No significant changes appeared between experimental and control kidneys for glomerular filtration rate, urine output, sodium and water excretion, renin activity, angiotensin II levels, plasmatic PGE2 levels, in group A as well as in group B. We conclude that portal blood of dogs contains vasoactive substances reducing renal blood flow; their action is mediated neither by the renin-angiotensin system nor by changes in renal PGE2 production. The complete abolition of this effect by Polymyxin suggests that these substances may be endotoxins. PMID- 3162767 TI - The fibromyalgia syndrome. It's the real thing. PMID- 3162768 TI - The influence of magnesium on the release of calcium from intracellular depots in vascular smooth muscle cells. AB - Vasoconstrictor responses to prostaglandin F2 alpha and noradrenaline were investigated in ring segments of feline femoral, coronary and cerebral arteries incubated in calcium-free solutions containing different concentrations of magnesium (1.2, 4.4 and 13.2 mM). Contractions produced by prostaglandin F2 alpha and noradrenaline were depressed when calcium was omitted from the incubation solution. The presence of raised concentrations of magnesium (4.4 or 13.2 mM) in the tissue bath further depressed the prostaglandin F2 alpha and noradrenaline contractions in calcium-free medium. In a separate set of experiments the vessel wall contents of cAMP and cGMP were measured before and after the additions of 4.4 or 13.2 mM magnesium; stable relaxations by magnesium were noted but there was no parallel change in the vessel content of cAMP or cGMP. The results indicate that magnesium may interfere with the release of calcium from intracellular depots, and that neither adenylate cyclase, nor guanylate cyclase are involved in the dilator activity of magnesium in isolated arteries. PMID- 3162769 TI - Cardiovascular effects of doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and 4-demethoxydaunorubicin (Idarubicin) in the conscious rat. PMID- 3162771 TI - Test your approach towards AIDS/HIV. PMID- 3162770 TI - Improved tools for biological sequence comparison. AB - We have developed three computer programs for comparisons of protein and DNA sequences. They can be used to search sequence data bases, evaluate similarity scores, and identify periodic structures based on local sequence similarity. The FASTA program is a more sensitive derivative of the FASTP program, which can be used to search protein or DNA sequence data bases and can compare a protein sequence to a DNA sequence data base by translating the DNA data base as it is searched. FASTA includes an additional step in the calculation of the initial pairwise similarity score that allows multiple regions of similarity to be joined to increase the score of related sequences. The RDF2 program can be used to evaluate the significance of similarity scores using a shuffling method that preserves local sequence composition. The LFASTA program can display all the regions of local similarity between two sequences with scores greater than a threshold, using the same scoring parameters and a similar alignment algorithm; these local similarities can be displayed as a "graphic matrix" plot or as individual alignments. In addition, these programs have been generalized to allow comparison of DNA or protein sequences based on a variety of alternative scoring matrices. PMID- 3162772 TI - Plasma prostaglandin E2 level in Kawasaki disease. AB - Plasma levels of prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha were determined in 15 patients in the acute and recovery stages of Kawasaki disease, 10 patients with anaphylactoid purpura, 16 with bacterial and viral infections and 10 healthy children. Plasma levels of prostaglandin E2 were markedly increased in the acute stage of Kawasaki disease, and these levels were decreased in the recovery stage. The prostaglandin F2 alpha/prostaglandin E2 ratio in the acute stage of Kawasaki disease was markedly decreased. Plasma levels of prostaglandin E2 in patients with anaphylactoid purpura, bacterial and viral infections were within the normal range. In Kawasaki disease which is associated with systemic vasculitis with a severe inflammatory reaction, prostaglandin E2 is considered to be more selectively produced and released than prostaglandin F2 alpha, suggesting that prostaglandin E2 plays an important role in the immunological and inflammatory reaction. PMID- 3162773 TI - Effect of phorbol ester on prostaglandin regulation of proliferation in rabbit endometrial cells. AB - We have proposed that two of the endogenously synthesized endometrial prostaglandins, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), play a regulatory role in growth control of the endometrium. PGF2 alpha increases DNA synthesis and PGE1 inhibits that effect. Primary cultures of rabbit endometrial cells were used here to examine the effects of the tumor-promoting, diacylglycerol mimicking, phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), on the prostaglandin control of cell proliferation. TPA treatment of these cultures results in: a decrease in control levels of proliferation and complete inhibition by TPA of PGF2 alpha stimulated DNA synthesis; a reduction in [3H]PGF2 alpha binding with short term treatment but an increase to above control binding level with long term treatment; an inhibition of the normal PGF2 alpha stimulated inositol polyphosphate synthesis; and a small increase in accumulation of PGF2 alpha in the culture media. Furthermore, in this culture system, TPA does not down regulate [3H]PGE1 binding; it does not alter the normal PGE1 stimulation of cAMP synthesis; and it has no effect on the normal endogenous PGE1 synthesis by these cultures. The above results are consistent with our previous observations that PGF2 alpha works through the intracellular messengers inositol polyphosphate/diacylglycerol whereas PGE1 works through cAMP. PMID- 3162774 TI - Hyaline cartilage-origin bone and soft-tissue neoplasms: MR appearance and histologic correlation. AB - Magnetic resonance (MR) images and histologic studies of 16 chondroid-matrix lesions were reviewed to determine if any distinctive morphologic or signal features might be discerned. Ten biopsy-proved nonchondroid bone lesions were compared in terms of configuration and signal characteristics. The tumor matrix had a distinctive appearance of homogeneous high signal intensity in a defined lobular configuration on images of all hyaline cartilage lesions obtained with a long repetition time and a long echo time. The areas of hyperintensity relative to muscle corresponded to areas of hyaline cartilage matrix with its uniform composition, low cellularity, and high water content; the lobular morphologic characteristic had an identical histologic correlate. The chondroblastomas, clear cell chondrosarcoma, and synovial chondromatosis demonstrated a much more cellular stroma, with only scattered islands of chondroid matrix, and were isointense or hypointense compared with muscle on all MR sequences. The distinctive lobular, high-intensity MR appearance was not seen in the ten nonchondroid bone lesions. PMID- 3162775 TI - [Streaky pulmonary images and esophageal candidiasis in a leukemia patient]. PMID- 3162776 TI - [Prevention of respiratory superinfections in patients on ventilators]. PMID- 3162777 TI - [Diabetes insipidus in chronic myeloid leukemia. Remission of hypophyseal infiltration during busulfan treatment]. AB - In a 53-year-old male who presented with diabetes insipidus as the first symptom of chronic myelocytic leukemia, computed tomography of the sella showed infiltration of the posterior pituitary gland. Busulfan treatment was given for one month and the infiltration had disappeared ten weeks after initiation of therapy. At the same time the severity of the diabetes insipidus diminished for a period of three months. Diabetes insipidus is a rare complication of chronic myelocytic leukemia: only 8 similar cases have been reported in the last 75 years. PMID- 3162778 TI - Case report 461: Dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma. PMID- 3162779 TI - Adenotonsillectomy in children: indications and contraindications. AB - Adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy are the most common major operations done on children. The indications for tonsillectomy in certain clinical situations are constantly being debated in the literature and among professionals. We studied the efficacy (or lack of it) of adenotonsillectomy for chronic tonsillitis (recurrent throat infections), oral nasal obstruction, peritonsillar abscess, elimination of a bacterial carrier state, biopsy, and prevention of tongue thrusting with resultant anterior open bite. Adenoidectomy has been advocated in the literature for the treatment of nasal obstruction, sinusitis, and chronic serous otitis media. Complications of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy include hemorrhage, anesthetic death, infection, nasopharyngeal stenosis, patulous eustachian tube, and hypernasality. Children at risk for hypernasality are those with mental retardation, cerebral palsy, neuromuscular disorders, and submucous cleft of the soft palate. Because of the severity of the complications that can be encountered in any child, medical and conservative therapy should be attempted before operation is done. Proper antibiotic therapy will often control chronic serous otitis, sinusitis, and chronic, recurrent tonsillitis. Bacterial synergy is important to consider when selecting antibiotic therapy, since beta-lactamase production may protect pathogens commonly considered susceptible to standard antibiotic therapy. PMID- 3162780 TI - Chronic myelocytic leukemia with near-total pulmonary microvascular obstruction by platelets. AB - We have described a patient with long-standing chronic granulocytic leukemia. Although most patients with this disorder eventually have a picture of acute leukemia (blast crisis), this patient had massive thrombocytosis (platelet count greater than 5.000 x 10(9)/L) without major symptoms, but he died after transfusion of 1 unit of packed red blood cells. At autopsy, he had almost total pulmonary microvascular blockage with platelets. PMID- 3162781 TI - Ofloxacin, a new quinolone for the treatment of gonorrhea. AB - Forty-three patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea were treated with 400 mg of ofloxacin. All had cultures negative for Neisseria gonorrhoeae at follow-up within two weeks of treatment. Minimal side effects were reported. Ofloxacin appears to be satisfactory as a single-dose oral drug for the treatment of gonococcal urethritis, including those cases caused by penicillinase-producing strains of N. gonorrhoeae. PMID- 3162783 TI - [FAB classification of acute leukemias--10-year experience]. PMID- 3162782 TI - [Interferon therapy of hairy cell leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia]. PMID- 3162784 TI - [Information concerning radiation-induced sarcomas. Report on 2 cases]. AB - Two cases of radiation-induced sarcomas are presented. Osteosarcomas developed in the frontal bone after a latency period of 36 years following operation for brain tumor with post-operative irradiation (48 Gy) in one patient and in the region of the right sacro-iliac joint after ablation of testis for seminoma with post operative irradiation (60 Gy) in another patient. In the literature, the risk of developing an irradiation-induced sarcoma is considered to be low (0.05-0.2%). Both cases, however, underline the necessity of an exact indication for irradiation to avoid such complications. PMID- 3162785 TI - Transformation of the female breast during compression at mammography with special reference to the importance for localization of a lesion. AB - The effects of compression during mammography were studied in 187 breasts. The aims of this study were to investigate: 1) How the skin moves, 2) how the gland tissue is transformed, 3) if there is a relationship between outer and inner alterations and 4) the practical implications for aspiration biopsy. In this study, several experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of compression during clinical mammography in adult female breasts. The transformation of the breast during compression was investigated by means of external skin markings and internal markings using the biopsy needle and the hookwire at preoperative localization. The extent of the mammary gland was measured in the different standard projections during mammography. The calculation of the depth of a lesion during cranio-caudal compression was performed on the latero-medial radiographs. The result was checked with water soluble radiographic contrast medium. The mean value of differences between observed and calculated depth was 3.7 mm. 1. The breast transforms during compression. 2. The biopsy needle in the breast and the barium markings on the skin incline ventrally in 96 per cent during latero-medial compression. The preoperative hookwire inclines ventrally in 92 per cent. 3. The extension of the gland parenchyma (the longest diagonal) is almost equal in all standard projections, including the medio-lateral oblique one. 4. The skin in the inframammary sulcus is firmly attached to the thoracic wall. This form of fixation determines principally the movements of the breast and limits the transformation during compression. 5. The movements of the skin are connected to the movements of the dense tissue, gland parenchyma. There is a connection between the ventral and descending inclination. These inclinations are caused by the same transformation of the breast. 6. Due to the regular movements of the breast during different compression directions, it is possible to predict the location of a lesion in three dimensions from standard mammograms. PMID- 3162786 TI - Tourette syndrome. AB - Tourette syndrome is not rare. At an early age, persons with this disorder show involuntary, rapid and purposeless movements of multiple muscle groups. They also develop vocal tics. Both motor and vocal tics vary in intensity and can worsen with stress. The syndrome may be confused with, or associated with, a variety of psychiatric disorders. Although some cases appear to be familial, the etiology of the syndrome is generally unknown. Haloperidol is effective in controlling symptoms in many patients. The Tourette Syndrome Association provides a valuable support system. PMID- 3162787 TI - Association of leukemia and pregnancy: clinical and obstetric aspects. AB - The association of leukemia and pregnancy is not common. We have analyzed the hematologic and obstetric problems occurring in 10 pregnant leukemic patients, 7 with acute leukemia and 3 with chronic myeloid leukemia. One patient died in the fifth month of pregnancy with a nonviable fetus. There was one premature twin birth with both fetuses dead. The other fetuses were viable, although there was one premature birth and three fetuses had below-normal birth weights. No bleeding complications were observed during delivery. Three patients had infections during puerperium. This article discusses the possible influences and relations between leukemia and pregnancy, based on our observations and on data in the literature. PMID- 3162788 TI - Effectiveness of chemotherapy in the management of metastatic telangiectatic osteosarcoma. PMID- 3162789 TI - Hybrid eosinophilic-basophilic granulocytes in chronic myeloid leukemia. PMID- 3162790 TI - Ribavirin administration to infants receiving mechanical ventilation. AB - Aerosolized ribavirin was administered to 12 infants with bronchiolitis who were receiving mechanical ventilation. All patients had a history of cardiac or pulmonary disease and developed severe respiratory failure during their infection. We developed a method for ribavirin administration and patient monitoring that included timed circuit valve and tubing changes to avoid obstruction by precipitated drug, frequent endotracheal tube suctioning, and constant observation of the patient and ventilator. All patients were successfully treated. We conclude that ribavirin can be safely administered to infants receiving mechanical ventilation. PMID- 3162791 TI - Nail pigmentation and azidothymidine. PMID- 3162792 TI - Distinct alpha-L-fucosidase isoenzyme profiles in human leukemic cells. AB - alpha-L-Fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.51; FUS) activity and isoenzyme characteristics were analyzed in normal lymphocytes, normal granulocytes (PMNs) and myeloid and lymphoid leukemic cells, (AML, AMMoL, ALL, CLL and CML). CLL lymphocytes had a lower mean specific activity than normal lymphocytes (2.5 v 4.0, p less than 0.05). ALL blasts had a higher mean specific activity compared to normal lymphocytes (9.7 v 4.0; p less than 0.001), CLL lymphocytes (9.7 v 2.5; p less than 0.001) and AML blasts (9.7 v 7.6 p = NS). Normal PMNs had a higher mean specific activity than normal lymphocytes (7.0 v 4.0 p less than 0.05) but similar activity when compared to CML cells or AML blasts. Blasts from AMMoL patients had higher activity than normal PMNs (9.0 v 7.0; p less than 0.05). The isoenzyme patterns of normal and leukemic granulocytes and lymphocytes were obtained by automated chromatofocusing on PBE-94 microcolumns with normal and leukemic lymphocyte lysates. With normal and leukemic lymphoid lysates two major isoenzyme components (B and A) were isolated. The isoenzyme pattern of PMN, AML, CML and AMMoL revealed 3 major peaks (B, A, I), totally different from that seen in lymphoid cells. The patterns of AML, CML and PMN appeared to be similar to each other; however, the isoenzyme pattern obtained from AMMoL cells could be distinguished from the others by a prominent I peak. Thus the FUS isoenzyme profile distinguishes the blasts of AMMoL from AML, and AMMoL and AML from ALL. PMID- 3162793 TI - A special technique of compound osteosynthesis of the distal humerus. A case report about extramedullary blast crisis in chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - In a rare case of chronic myelogenous leukemia, extramedullary myeloblast crisis occurred in the distal humerus after 27 years. The pathological fracture was stabilized with double-plate compound osteosynthesis. The small distal fragment was stabilized without restriction of the range of movement of the elbow joint. The osteosynthesis remained stable until the patient died. PMID- 3162794 TI - Protein kinase C activity in compensatory kidney growth. AB - Very little information exists about the intracellular mechanisms mediating remnant kidney hypertrophy after reduction of renal mass. The present experiments demonstrate that the activity of a key enzyme in cellular proliferation, protein kinase C, is enhanced in the kidney during post-uninephrectomy hypertrophy. As additional evidence of "in vivo" enzyme activation, the enzyme activity migrates from the cytosolic to the particulate fraction of the cells and the number of sites of phorbol dibutyrate binding is enhanced in kidney membranes 24 hr after contralateral nephrectomy. The stimulation of the enzyme is higher than the increase in kidney weight, although both phenomena are linearly related. PMID- 3162795 TI - Comparison of protein kinase C functional assays to clarify mechanisms of inhibitor action. AB - The effects of inhibitors of protein kinase C on the activities of the intact enzyme, the proteolytically-generated catalytic domain, and [3H]phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate (PDBu) binding were compared in an effort to evaluate this approach for clarifying mechanisms of inhibitor action. Staurosporine, H-7 [1-(5 isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine], and quercetin inhibited the catalytic fragment with similar potencies as for the intact enzyme while having little or no effect on binding, consistent with reports that they are competitive with ATP. Adriamycin, trifluoperazine, and tamoxifen, suggested to disrupt hydrophobic interactions between the regulatory domain of protein kinase C and phospholipid, were all most effective on the intact enzyme. They appear to possess a mixed mechanism, however, inhibiting activity of the catalytic domain with approximately 3-fold lower potencies. Gossypol inhibited intact enzyme, catalytic fragment, and PDBu binding with similar potencies. In light of multiple apparent sites of action for such protein kinase C inhibitors, comparison of their activities on the individual functional domains of the kinase may provide a useful complement to studies with the intact enzyme. PMID- 3162796 TI - Primary osteoliposarcoma of bone. First observation in the pediatric age group. AB - An unusual case of primary bone neoplasm with histologic features of osteoliposarcoma is reported. No more than 5 cases with lesions of corresponding nature can be found in the world literature up to now; our report is the first dealing with a patient of pediatric age. PMID- 3162797 TI - 'Precautions taken by a group of dentists in the West Midlands against cross infection'. PMID- 3162798 TI - General anesthesia. PMID- 3162800 TI - 'Prevention of infective endocarditis'. PMID- 3162799 TI - 'A comparison of bitewing radiography and interdental transillumination as adjuncts to the clinical identification of approximal caries in posterior teeth'. PMID- 3162801 TI - 'A cardiac arrest in the dental chair'. PMID- 3162802 TI - The effect of the variation in pH of the eroding solution upon the erosion resistance of glass polyalkenoate (ionomer) cements. PMID- 3162803 TI - An unusual fracture of a denture clasp due to contact with liquid mercury. PMID- 3162804 TI - Solvent abuse. An anaesthetic management problem. PMID- 3162805 TI - Wilkinson memorial lecture. Balances and costs in dental education. PMID- 3162806 TI - The bridge to independence? PMID- 3162808 TI - Dentistry in paradise? PMID- 3162807 TI - Orthodontic case history project. PMID- 3162809 TI - Intravenous enoxacin for the treatment of acute pyelonephritis: pharmacokinetic and clinical study. AB - 1. Eight women with acute pyelonephritis were treated with i.v. enoxacin for 5 days. All were clinically cured and five had a bacteriological cure. Five women reported side effects. 2. During treatment there was no significant accumulation of enoxacin and the total clearance of the drug did not alter with repeated dosing. Drug elimination half-life (mean 4.3 h, s.d. 2.1) was similar to that reported in healthy volunteers. 3. Enoxacin should be compared with the aminoglycosides and beta-lactam antibiotics for the treatment of severe or complicated urinary tract infections. PMID- 3162810 TI - Quantitative study of doxorubicin in living cell nuclei by microspectrofluorometry. AB - Doxorubicin-DNA association has been studied by quantitative microspectrofluorometry. Fluorescence emission spectra from a microvolume of single living cell nuclei treated with doxorubicin have been analyzed in terms of difference in spectral shape and fluorescence yield between free and DNA-bound drug. Contribution of each spectral component to the total signal was calculated by least-squares linear regression. With this method of analysis, total drug concentration has been determined with an error of less than 10%. Moreover, the uptake into the nucleus has been studied in a non destructive way, avoiding use of 14C-labelled drug. Kinetic studies of drug accumulation into the nuclei were conducted on sensitive and resistant cells. PMID- 3162811 TI - Studies on the effect of storage of normolipidemic plasma on the metabolism of very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in human skin fibroblasts. AB - Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) isolated from fresh normolipidemic plasma were able to compete with labeled low-density lipoproteins (LDL) for receptor binding as efficiently as LDL in human skin fibroblasts. However, VLDL from fresh plasma failed to stimulate acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) (EC 2.3.1.26) activity significantly. When plasma was stored at 4 degrees C for 24-48 h before ultracentrifugation, the VLDL were able to stimulate ACAT activity significantly. Proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes do not appear to play a role in this phenomenon. The increased capacity of VLDL from stored plasma to stimulate ACAT activity appears to be due partly to the increase in the internalization and degradation processes. Both the larger and the smaller VLDL subclasses were able to stimulate ACAT activity in the cells. The actual changes that take place in the VLDL molecule during the storage of plasma are not known. PMID- 3162812 TI - Effect of luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin on cell populations in the ovine corpus luteum. AB - Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or ovine luteinizing hormone (LH) on the number and size distribution of steroidogenic luteal cells. In Experiment I, 27 ewes were assigned to one of three groups: 1) hCG (300 IU, i.v.) administered on Days 5 and 7.5 of the estrous cycle (Day 0 = Estrus); 2) LH (120 micrograms, i.v.) administered at 6-h intervals from Days 5 to 10 of the cycle; 3) saline (i.v.) administered as in the LH treatment group. Blood samples were drawn daily from the jugular vein for quantification of progesterone. On Day 10, corpora lutea were collected, decapsulated, weighed, and dissociated into single cell suspensions. Cells were fixed, stained for 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta HSD) activity, and the size distribution of 3 beta HSD-positive cells was determined. Treatment with hCG, but not LH, increased (p less than 0.05) concentrations of progesterone in serum and the weight of corpora lutea. Treatment with either hCG of LH increased the proportion of cells greater than 22 micron in diameter and decreased the proportion of cells less than or equal to 22 micron (p less than 0.01). The ratio of small to large luteal cells decreased after treatment with either hCG or LH (p less than 0.05). In Experiment II, 9 ewes were assigned to one of two groups: 1) LH (120 micrograms, i.v.) administered at 6-h intervals from Days 5 to 10 of the estrous cycle, and 2) saline (i.v.) administered as in the LH treatment group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3162813 TI - Proliferation of normal and malignant human immature lymphoid cells. AB - In this study, the proliferative activity of human B and T cell precursors in central lymphoid organs, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and permanent cell lines was investigated with double- and triple-color-labeling methods for the analysis of cell cycle-associated features such as 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and the expression of a nuclear proliferation-associated antigen, Ki67, together with the phenotypic profile of the cells. In infant and regenerating bone marrow (BM), 41.5% +/- 4.0% of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT+) cells were Ki67+, and 30.0% +/- 4.0% incorporated BrdU. A similar proportion of TdT+ dividing cells was observed in adult BM. The proliferative activity of the B cell progenitors reached the peak at the pre-B stage: 80.8% +/- 7.6% and 35.3% +/- 6.1% of c mu +, RFB7- cells were Ki67+ and BrdU+, respectively. In contrast, greater than 95% of surface immunoglobulin positive BM lymphocytes were resting cells. In infant thymus the highest dividing capacity (95% Ki67+, 60% to 90% BrdU+) was observed in large cortical thymocytes (TdT+, CD1-, cCD3+), and TdT+, CD1+ cortical thymocytes also showed a high proliferative activity (74.3% +/- 2.3% Ki67+, 22.0% +/- 1.0% BrdU+), but TdT-, mCD3+ thymic lymphocytes were mainly resting cells (less than 5% Ki67+, less than 1% BrdU+). The proliferative activity of null and common ALL blasts was significantly lower than that of normal BM TdT+ cells (15.5% +/- 4.2% Ki67+, 6.2% +/- 2.1% BrdU+; P less than .001). Dividing ALL blasts were TdT+ and expressed surface antigens detected by CD10 and/or CD19 antibodies. In T cell-ALL, the percentages of Ki67+ and BrdU+ blasts were also lower than those found in the corresponding normal immature thymocytes (13.0% +/- 3.1% and 2.4% +/- 1.3%, respectively; P less than .001). Thus, ALLs derive from actively proliferating lymphoid precursors but have a lower dividing capacity than the corresponding normal cell types. In ALL cases with heterogeneous expression of markers such as cmu and CD1, dividing blasts were distributed among both negative and positive populations, thus indicating that blasts with signs of differentiation also remain within the dividing pool. PMID- 3162814 TI - The role of endothelium in factor Xa regulation: the effect of plasma proteinase inhibitors and hirudin. AB - The role of endothelium in the inhibition of human factor Xa was studied in a plasma environment. Human factor Xa can bind to and function on bovine aortic endothelium in a manner similar to that of bovine factor Xa. Approximately 70% of the bound factor Xa is subject to inhibition by plasma proteinase inhibitors, and the remaining 30% is irreversibly bound as part of a 125 Kd membrane-associated complex not subject to proteolytic degradation. The proportion reversibly bound and its rate of release do not alter with changes in calcium, citrate, heparin, or active proteinase inhibitor concentrations. The principal plasma proteinase inhibitor of human factor Xa was antithrombin III, which accounted for 60% to 65% of factor Xa released from endothelium, with alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor inactivating 20% to 25% and alpha 2-macroglobulin approximately 15%. All of the reversibly bound factor Xa was identified in complex with one of these three proteinase inhibitors. The thrombin active-site inhibitor hirudin was found to markedly accelerate the displacement of reversibly bound factor Xa from the endothelium and to associate specifically with factor Xa without a loss of activity toward chromogenic substrates, perhaps accounting for a novel mechanism of anticoagulation. PMID- 3162816 TI - Ignorance of the rules is no excuse. PMID- 3162815 TI - [Prognostic value of the N-myc oncogene in neuroblastoma]. AB - Activation of cellular proto-oncogenes can be detected in several human cancers. In neuroblastoma, amplification and overexpression of N-myc oncogene have been shown to be associated with advanced stages of disease and rapid tumor progression. These results suggest the clinical importance of the N-myc oncogene. Other oncogenes might also be activated in this cancer. PMID- 3162818 TI - Mandating continuing education. PMID- 3162817 TI - A rationale for the use of antimicrobials in prevention and treatment of periodontal disease. PMID- 3162819 TI - Activation of protein kinase C induces long-term changes of postsynaptic currents in neocortical neurons. AB - Intracellularly injected phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PdiB), a phorbol ester that activates protein kinase C (PKC), altered the postsynaptic responses of neurons of the motor cortex of cats. PdiB increased the amplitudes and durations of EPSPs and decreased the amplitudes and durations of IPSPs elicited by stimulation of the ventrolateral (VL) thalamus or the pyramidal tract (PT). The changes lasted for 50 min or longer. Corresponding changes in peak excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs, IPSCs) were measured directly with the single electrode voltage clamp technique. Quantitative analysis of EPSCs in response to VL thalamic stimulation and IPSCs in response to PT stimulation made in a subgroup of fast PT cells suggested that PdiB acted within the injected neuron rather than presynaptically to alter the synaptic currents. No consistent changes in resting membrane parameters that would account for these modifications were found. Control injections of a phorbol ester that did not activate PKC failed to induce changes in synaptic responses or resting membrane properties. These observations suggest that activation of PKC, in vivo, can induce long-lasting changes in synaptic responses of neocortical neurons by direct modification of postsynaptic ion channel conductivities. PMID- 3162820 TI - Awaking effect of PGE2 microinjected into the preoptic area of rats. AB - We examined the effect of prostaglandin (PG)E2 on the sleep-wake activity and on body temperature by microinjecting PGE2 into the preoptic area of rats that had been chronically implanted with guide cannulae and electrodes for the recordings of electroencephalogram and electromyogram. PGE2 at doses of 2.5 X 10(-13), 2.5 X 10(-11), and 2.5 X 10(-9) mol reduced the time of slow wave sleep (SWS) to 75%, 61%, and 59% and that of paradoxical sleep (PS) to 73%, 50%, and 25% of the controls, respectively. The SWS and PS reductions were mainly due to the shortening of the SWS episode and the less frequent occurrence of PS episodes. The sleep reduction was accompanied by increased behavioral movement. The maximum increases of rectal temperature at doses of 2.5 X 10(-11) and 2.5 X 10(-9) mol of PGE2 were 1.3 degrees C and 2.7 degrees C, respectively. At a dose of 2.5 X 10( 13) mol of PGE2, the time of SWS and that of total sleep (sum of SWS and PS) decreased significantly, but the change in body temperature was negligible. This may imply that the effect of PGE2 on the sleep-wake activity is not caused by the hyperthermia produced by PGE2. Injections of PGE2 at a dose of 2.5 X 10(-15) mol and saline control induced alteration in neither sleep-wake activity nor body temperature. PGD2 at a dose of 2.5 X 10(-9) mol slightly elevated the rectal temperature (0.5 degree C), but did not produce any change in the sleep-wake activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3162821 TI - Hyperglycemia. A complication of chemotherapy in children. PMID- 3162822 TI - Limb salvage procedures in children with osteosarcoma. PMID- 3162823 TI - Protein kinase C activities with different characteristics, including substrate specificity, from two human HL-60 leukemia cell variants. AB - To evaluate the role of protein kinase C in the cellular maturation processes induced by phorbol diesters, we examined the biochemical activity of protein kinase C from HL-205, a cell variant from the human promyelocytic HL-60 leukemia that is susceptible to differentiation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate, and from HL-525, an HL-60 variant that is resistant to such an induction. The activities of protein kinase C from the two cell types differed in their requirements for the cofactors Ca2+ and lipids. These enzyme activities also differed in their abilities to phosphorylate protamine and a series of four oligopeptides. We suggest that the differences in vitro in the activities of protein kinase C between HL-205 and HL-525 cells, especially in their substrate specificity, are closely related to the different phosphorylation patterns induced in vivo by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in these cells. We also suggest that these differences may be responsible for the different susceptibilities of the two cell types to maturation induced by phorbol diesters. PMID- 3162824 TI - Identification of the transformation-associated cell surface antigen expressed on the rat fetus-derived fibroblast. AB - A WKA rat fetus-derived fibroblast cell line WFB showed strict nontransformant phenotypes in vitro such as anchorage dependency of cell growth in soft agar, contact inhibition, and serum dependency on the monolayer cell culture. Transfection of 6.6-kilobase EJras oncogene into WFB resulted in the acquisition of tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. The cell surface antigen that is moderately or highly expressed on these WFB transformants, designated as W14 and W31, was analyzed using monoclonal antibody 109 that was produced after the immunization of BALB/c mice with W31. Moab 109 recognized a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 36,000 composed of a single polypeptide chain with 5.4 isoelectric point value. This antigen was highly expressed on WFB EJras and polyoma middle T-DNA transformants, but was undetectable or at the best only faintly recognized on WFB parental cells, transfectants of WFB with c-myc, and normal thymus, liver and kidney of WKA adult rats. It was also clearly expressed on the EJras transformants of Fisher rat fetus-derived 3Y1 fibroblast, but very faintly on parental 3Y1. Furthermore, this antigen was detected on some rat T lymphoma and gliosarcoma lines. However, it was undetectable on EJras transformants on NRK-49F rat kidney cells and NIH3T3 and BALB3T3 mouse cells. In addition, this antigen appeared on the cell surface of concanavalin A-activated WKA rat lymphocytes and WKA rat on the 16th day of embryo but not on the 8th. These results suggested that the cell surface antigen detected by Moab 109 was clearly unrelated to the ras oncogene product p21 that was highly expressed on EJras-transformants of WFB or 3Y1 cells. Furthermore, it was shown that W14 and W31 cells but not parental WFB cells were susceptible to rat splenic NK cells that were induced by poly(I-C) treatment. Pretreatment of these W14 or W31 cells with Moab 109 could block the NK cell activity against W14 and W31. These data suggest that this antigen may act as one of the NK target structures, and plays an important role as a tumor antigen on the host tumor surveillance, since the antigen was expressed (a) on the cell surface after the cell transformation or enhanced DNA synthesis of some particular cells, and (b) in the W31 tumor developing progressively in the syngeneic rats. PMID- 3162825 TI - Inhibitory effects of prostaglandin A2 on c-myc expression and cell cycle progression in human leukemia cell line HL-60. AB - The effect of prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) on c-myc expression was investigated in a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60, which responded to PGA2 with a dose-dependent growth inhibition. Northern blot analysis indicated that treatment with PGA2 at 0.5 to 5.0 micrograms/ml remarkably reduced the steady state level of c-myc mRNA within 3 h, and then it gradually recovered according to the order of concentration of the drug. In contrast to c-myc, the level of class I HLA mRNA, as an internal control, was not diminished by PGA2 treatment. Further, this reduction of c-myc was not disturbed by cycloheximide, suggesting that this PGA2 action on c-myc expression is independent of de novo protein synthesis. Cytofluorometric analysis revealed that the exposure of HL-60 cells to PGA2 at 0.5 or 5.0 micrograms/ml arrested the cells in the G0-G1 phase of the cell cycle. This accumulation of the cells in G0-G1 phase continues until 24 or 36 h at 0.5 or 5.0 micrograms/ml, respectively. The G0-G1 arrest of the cell cycle was also recovered as the inhibition of c-myc was released. This recovery may be due to the loss of activity of PGA2 in culture medium. This study clearly showed that PGA2 treatment arrested HL-60 cells in the G0-G1 phase of the cell cycle and was associated with the reduction of c-myc mRNA. PMID- 3162826 TI - Alterations of the biological characteristics of a colon carcinoma cell line by colon-derived substrata material. AB - This study documents the ability of substrata material derived from well but not poorly differentiated colon carcinoma cells to alter the biological characteristics of a separate colon carcinoma cell line (MOSERSF). To assess changes induced by the presence of these substrata, MOSERSF cells were screened for (a) morphological features, (b) secretion of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), (c) alteration of urokinase levels, and (d) sensitivity to the growth-inhibitory peptide transforming growth factor beta. Morphologically, MOSERSF cells grown on plastic displayed a rounded shape and could be detached by agitation. Subculturing of these cells onto substrata laid down by well differentiated (mature) colon carcinoma cells resulted in cell attachment and spreading. These changes did not manifest themselves when cells were plated on material derived from poorly differentiated (primitive) colon cells. Conditioned medium from MOSERSF cells grown on plastic or on colon-derived material from the well and poorly differentiated colon cells were compared for CEA levels. Substrata derived from undifferentiated cells were without effect on assayable CEA (substrata absent, 1.4 ng/ml/10(6) cells/72 h; substrata present, 1.4-1.7 ng/ml/10(6) cells/72 h). However, growth of MOSERSF cells on material deposited by well differentiated colon cells resulted in a 3-fold increase in the level of CEA. Spent medium was also analyzed for urokinase. A high level of the protease (20.3 ng/ml/10(6) cells/72 h) was expressed by MOSERSF cells. The concentration of the enzyme was reduced by over 50% when MOSERSF cells were propagated on substrata laid down by well differentiated cells. An enhanced sensitivity to the growth retarding effects of transforming growth factor beta was seen with certain substrata. On plastic, transforming growth factor beta inhibited proliferation of MOSERSF cells with a median effective concentration of 0.65 ng/ml. However, on substrata from mature but not primitive cells, MOSERSF cells exhibited an increased sensitivity to the peptide (median effective concentration, 0.16 ng/ml). Colon-derived material obtained from both well differentiated and poorly differentiated colon carcinoma cells was compared after [35S]-methionine metabolic labeling. More [35S]methionine was incorporated into the material from the "mature" colon cells. The substrata could also be distinguished by quantitative differences in a number of high molecular weight proteins. Immunofluorescence of colon-deposited material revealed the presence of laminin and fibronectin. PMID- 3162828 TI - Provisional restoration. PMID- 3162829 TI - Restorative and periodontic procedures. PMID- 3162827 TI - Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines without classical breakpoint cluster region rearrangement. AB - The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome translocation which is classically observed in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is sporadically found in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In CML the translocation breakpoint on chromosome 22 is within the breakpoint cluster region, while in childhood ALL, no detectable change in breakpoint cluster region is routinely observed. In order to investigate the nature of this difference, we have established and characterized two cell lines from a child with Ph positive ALL. The cell lines have retained the cytochemical staining pattern, enzyme activity, monoclonal antibody profile, and immunoglobulin gene rearrangements of the child's malignant cells. The cell lines had the same Ph translocation t(9;22) (q34;q11) as the child's malignant cells along with additional chromosome changes. Southern blot analysis showed that the Ph translocation did not involve the 5.8-kilobase breakpoint cluster region segment characteristically seen in CML. The cell lines reported here will be a valuable resource in ascertaining the biological significance of the Ph translocation seen in ALL. PMID- 3162830 TI - Independent contractors. PMID- 3162831 TI - Auxiliary supervision and patient of record. Position paper. Council on Education and Membership and the Board of Trustees, California Dental Association. December 1987. PMID- 3162832 TI - Intraoral radiographs. PMID- 3162833 TI - Orthognathic surgery. PMID- 3162834 TI - Membrane IgM: interactions with the cortical cytoskeleton in the human lymphoblastoid cell line WiL2. AB - Cell-surface IgM (antigen receptor) sediments with the membrane fraction following osmotic lysis and homogenization of cells of the human lymphoblastoid cell line WiL2. In nonreducing buffers, SDS PAGE analysis of membrane pellets demonstrates that "native" membrane IgM exists as a dimer. In contrast to osmotic lysis, lysis of cells with the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 releases approximately 90% of the membrane-bound IgM into the supernatant; approximately 10% of the IgM pellets with the cytoskeletal fraction on centrifugation. Ligand challenge with either mu-chain-specific antibodies or concanavalin A induces a change in the state of membrane IgM making it refractory to detergent extraction, such that 43% of the IgM pellets during centrifugation. This ligand-induced retention of IgM is significantly diminished by the microfilament-disrupting agent cytochalasin D, whereas pretreatment of cells with sodium azide or colchicine results in no significant change in the percentage of membrane IgM retained by Triton X-100 residues. These results indicate that retention of IgM involves an association with the cortical actin-based cytoskeleton. Investigation of the structural basis for ligand-induced Triton X-100 retention of membrane IgM by using ferritin-conjugated antibodies, myosin subfragment S1, and stereo imaging electron microscopy has revealed linkages between ligand-receptor (antigen-IgM) complexes and elements of the cortical actin-based cytoskeleton. PMID- 3162835 TI - The TMJ scale: cross-validation and reliability studies. PMID- 3162836 TI - Influence of different centric functions on electromyographic activity of elevator muscles. PMID- 3162837 TI - Design, evaluation, and use of a temporomandibular arthrometric cephalostat, the Porta-Stat (an x-ray subsystem). Part I. Design and evaluation. PMID- 3162838 TI - A bellwether statement from Minnesota: were you listening? PMID- 3162839 TI - Orthodontic/orthopedic therapy for craniomandibular pain dysfunction. Part B. Treatment flow sheet, anterior disk displacement, and case histories. PMID- 3162840 TI - Possible inflammatory pathways relating temporomandibular joint dysfunction to otic symptoms. PMID- 3162841 TI - Application of soft occlusal splints in patients suffering from clicking temporomandibular joints. PMID- 3162843 TI - A structural imbalance/muscular hyperactivity interactional theory of common migraine pain. PMID- 3162842 TI - Three cases of iatrogenic intrusion of the posterior teeth during mandibular repositioning therapy. PMID- 3162845 TI - [Dental etiology of peritonsillar abscess]. PMID- 3162844 TI - Transient expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene following transfection of Physarum polycephalum myxamoebae. AB - A plasmid was constructed containing a replication origin sequence from the Physarum ribosomal DNA molecule, and a bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene linked to a putative promoter of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the Physarum "HpaII-repeat" element. The plasmid was transfected into Physarum myxamoebae either by electroporation or CaCl2 treatment. In both cases significant transient levels of CAT gene expression were detected. Results were compared with those obtained with plasmids in which CAT gene expression was driven by eukaryotic virus promoters. PMID- 3162846 TI - Loyola dentistry: preparing for life in the fast lane. PMID- 3162847 TI - Dental students treat older patients. PMID- 3162849 TI - Epirubicin and doxorubicin comparative metabolism and pharmacokinetics. A cross over study. AB - The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of doxorubicin (DX) and epirubicin (epiDX) were investigated in eight cancer patients who received 60 mg/m2 of both drugs independently by intravenous (i.v.) bolus at 3-week intervals according to a balanced cross-over design. Unchanged DX and epiDX plasma levels followed a triexponential decay. Half-lives (t/2) of the three decay phases were longer for DX (t/2 alpha: 4.8 vs. 3 min; t/2 beta 2.57 h vs. 1.09 h; t/2 gamma 48.4 vs. 31.2 h). According to a model-independent analysis, the different plasma disposition kinetics of the two compounds appears to be related to a higher plasma clearance (PlCl) and to a lower mean residence time (MRT) of epiDX (PlCl: 75.0 l/h, range: 35.6-133.4 l/h; MRT: 31.6 h, range: 7.0-41.5 h;) compared to DX (PlCl: 56.8 l/h, range: 24.4-119.5; MRT: 45.6 h, range: 26.0-83.1 h). No statistically significant differences could be detected for the volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) (epiDX, 31.8 l/kg; DX, 33.3 l/kg). Metabolites common to both compounds were detected in plasma: the 13-dihydro derivatives doxorubicinol (DXol) and epirubicinol (epiDXol), together with minor amounts of four aglycones (7-deoxy adriamycinone, adriamycinone, 7-deoxy 13-dihydro adriamycinone, and 13-dihydro adriamycinone). Following epiDX administration, two additional major metabolites were detected: the glucuronic acid conjugates of epiDX (4'-O-beta-D-glucuronyl-4' epiDX) and epiDXol (4'-O-beta-D-glucuronyl 13-dihydro-4'-epiDX). This additional detoxication route appears to account for the more efficient and faster elimination of epiDX than of DX. In the urine collected in the 6 days after treatment, 12.2% of the DX and 11.9% of the epiDX dose was excreted as unchanged drug and fluorescent metabolites. A comparable renal clearance was calculated for DX (4.7 l/h, range 1.4-7.0 l/h) and epiDX (4.4 l/h, range 1.7-7.0 l/h). One patient with hepatic metastases and abnormal bilirubin serum level had percutaneous biliary drainage because of extrahepatic obstruction. The elimination of both drugs was significantly impaired in this patient; nevertheless, elimination of epiDX was still more efficient and faster than that of DX (PlCl: 35.6 vs. 24.4 l/h; MRT: 39.0 vs. 83.1 h; t/2 gamma: 47 vs. 74 h). This patient's biliary excretion accounted for 35.4% of the epiDX dose and 18.2% of the DX dose. PMID- 3162848 TI - HPLC analysis of doxorubicin, epirubicin and fluorescent metabolites in biological fluids. AB - A specific, sensitive and reliable HPLC method for the determination of doxorubicin (DX), epirubicin (epiDX) and their known fluorescent metabolites [doxorubicinol (DXol), epirubicinol (epiDXol) 7-deoxy-adriamycinone (metabolite C), adriamycinone (metabolite D), 7-deoxy-13-dihydro-adriamycinone (metabolite E), 13-dihydro-adriamycinone (metabolite F), 4'-O-beta-D-glucuronyl-4'-epiDX (metabolite G) and 4'-O-beta-D-glucuronly 13-dihydro-4'-epiDX (metabolite H)] in biological fluids (human plasma, bile and urine) has been developed and tested. Plasma samples were solid-phase-extracted (C18-bonded silica cartridges). Urine and bile samples were injected directly after the addition of the internal standard and dilution with 0.3 M phosphoric acid. Complete separation of unchanged drugs and metabolites was achieved with a mobile phase consisting of 75.6% 10 mM KH2PO4 and 24.4% CH3CN (the pH of the solution was adjusted to 4.3 with 0.03 M H3PO4) at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. For the analyses we used a cyanopropyl chromatographic column (25 cm x 4.6 mm i.d.; particle size 5 micron) and fluorescence detection with excitation wavelength set at 470 nm and emission at 580 nm. Sensitivity was better than 0.3 ng/ml for all substances analysed. The mean absolute recovery of unchanged drugs and metabolites was between 88.3% (metabolite E) and 98.92% (metabolite G). Intra- and interassay precisions (plasma samples) were better than 10.6% and 13.0%. PMID- 3162851 TI - Microdeletions in patients with X-linked muscular dystrophy: molecular-clinical correlations. AB - The DNA from 68 patients with X-linked (Duchenne and Becker) muscular dystrophy belonging to 49 unrelated families was analyzed for microdeletions using 13 closely linked or gene-specific DNA-markers. Fourteen patients from eight families showed a deletion involving a least one of the markers used, giving a deletion frequency of 16%. The proportion of families with deletions was 36% in the Becker and 8% in the Duchenne form of the disease. With one exception, the extent of the deletion was different in different families. All living, affected males from the same family carried the same deletion. The extent or the localization of the deletion did not correlate with clinical features such as severity of disease or mental retardation. PMID- 3162850 TI - Phase II trial of idarubicin in patients with advanced lymphoma. AB - A phase II trial of idarubicin was performed in 24 patients with advanced lymphoma. The drug was administered in a dose of 10-15 mg/m2 i.v. or 15-70 mg/m2 p.o. (single dose) every 3 weeks. There were four partial responses and four minor responses. All but one of the responders had received prior doxorubicin therapy. The toxicities were myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting, and alopecia. Two patients with compromised cardiac function were observed to have further deterioration in the ejection fraction as measured by gated cardiac scan after idarubicin therapy. Further assessment of the activity of idarubicin against lymphoma is recommended in less heavily pretreated patients. The cardiac toxicity should be carefully monitored in future studies. PMID- 3162852 TI - Quality assurance/utilization management and risk management: deterrents to professional liability. PMID- 3162853 TI - Effect of trauma to the primary incisors on the alignment of their permanent successors in Israelis. AB - 117 children who had experienced trauma to their primary incisors were re examined in their transitional or permanent dentition stage. The control group consisted of 174 children with a corresponding dental developmental age. All the children were examined clinically and the intra- and interarch relations of the anterior segments were recorded. The prevalence of patients with at least one malposed incisor was higher in the trauma group. Trauma to the primary dentition was found to be a contributing factor affecting the alignment of the permanent successors. Early loss of the primary incisors did not cause loss of space in most of the cases; however, it was associated with malposition of their permanent successors. Lack of eruption guidance or the direct effect of the injury on the position of the developing bud could be considered as contributing etiologic factors. There was a very low prevalence of more serious malocclusion features, like impaction, in the trauma group. PMID- 3162854 TI - Relative importance of psychologic and social variables in TMJ pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) signs. AB - The aim of this study was to measure the relative importance of a number of psychologic and social variables in explaining the severity of signs of functional disturbances of the stomatognathic system. A group of 261 non care seeking patients with respect to pain and dysfunction of the stomatognathic system were examined. The total sample consisted of two subgroups: Group one (n = 130) with a complete natural dentition and Group two (n = 131) wearing complete maxillary and mandibular dentures. Signs of functional disturbances of the stomatognathic system were assessed using the Clinical Dysfunction Index and a Palpation Test. The patients also completed the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist, the Dutch Personality Inventory and a Dutch form of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Patient education, age and sex were also registered. In both patient subgroups signs of functional disturbances of the stomatognathic system were significantly correlated with patient's sex and a complex of highly intercorrelated psychologic variables: psychoneurotic and somatic symptoms, neuroticism and somatization. PMID- 3162855 TI - Comparative subjective evaluation and prevalence study of TMJ dysfunction syndrome in Japanese adolescents based on clinical examination. AB - The purpose of this report was to investigate the actual need, as opposed to patient demand, for treatment of TMJ dysfunction syndrome in adolescents. For this investigation, 2198 Japanese schoolchildren, aged 10-18 yr (1095 boys and 1103 girls), were examined by questionnaire. In addition, each subject was given a clinical examination. The results of the subjective evaluations were compared with the frequency of actual occurrence of TMJ dysfunction syndrome. The results were: 1) Subjective recognition of TMJ dysfunction syndrome symptoms involved 253 students (11.5%): 129 boys (11.8%) and 124 girls (8.2%), with no significant difference in number between the sexes, 2) by comparing subjective assessment with clinical examination, the junior high school age was found to be the proper age for the introduction of preventive medical care, because these pupils were able to recognize the symptoms of TMJ dysfunction syndrome as accurately as adults, 3) the results obtained from the questionnaire and the clinical examination showed evidence of higher frequency of accurate recognition on the part of girls. PMID- 3162856 TI - Dental fear and locus of control: a pilot study. AB - In a pilot study among 25 Norwegian elementary schoolchildren age 13 the external part of a Health Locus of Control (HLC) inventory, when scored in internal direction, showed remarkably high positive correlations with clinical anxiety (r = 0.81) and scores on Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) (r = 0.77). The high correlation between the E-part of the HLC scale and CDAS was upheld when HLC was given to 19 children 20 months later. All other correlations in the pilot study were moderate to absent. PMID- 3162857 TI - Welfare policy and planning of oral health services. AB - The Scandinavian countries are commonly referred to as welfare states, i.e. liberal states which assume responsibility for their citizens through a range of interventions in the market economy. The principles of the welfare policy are: 1) universality of population coverage, 2) comprehensiveness of risks covered, 3) adequacy of benefits and 4) citizens' right to health and social services. The goals are usually expressed in brief slogans like solidarity, universality, equality of opportunity, quality, efficiency and pluralism/"freedom of choice". Our welfare model is thus based upon ideals deriving from both individualistic and collectivistic philosophies, just as Scandinavia's mixed economy is. Similar to other health sectors, dental care is an integral part of the welfare state, striving to attain its manifold goals. Planning of oral health services should therefore be directed toward these goals, considering the shifts in the disease and problem panorama. PMID- 3162858 TI - Long term results of chemotherapy on the developing dentition: caries risk and developmental aspects. AB - The dental health of 45 children who had been placed on long term evaluation after chemotherapy treatment for malignancies was examined in this study. All children had received cytotoxic drugs during the period of tooth formation. It was found that they had more filled or diseased permanent teeth than control children. Their current caries activity as indicated by initial white spot lesions was also higher. Forty-three of the children showed evidence of disturbed amelogenesis. This had resulted in aesthetically displeasing grooves, pits and discoloration. Twenty-three of the children were counseled on the possibility of cosmetic dentistry. Delayed eruption and shortened, malformed roots were also found on several patients. It was concluded that these patients constitute a high risk dental care group. PMID- 3162859 TI - Oral health concerns of an elderly population in England. AB - A group of 437 subjects from a random sample of 737 persons, over 75 yr of age and living independently in the southwest of England, were interviewed about their oral health concerns and desires for dental treatment. Most of the subjects could have received dental treatment without unusual risk, although a third of the sample said they could not move around or attend a dentist without assistance. A dentist had visited the homes of only 2% of the sample, while 22% expressed a desire for this service. Nearly half of those interviewed complained of a mouth problem and a third were experiencing oral pain, yet the majority had not been to a dentist for at least 10 yr, and had no wish to see a dentist. Many of the subjects, even among those with complaints, said they had not visited a dentist recently because they had nothing wrong, while only a small proportion (3%) of the sample identified fear, expense or transport as a barrier to dental treatment. The results indicate that elderly people do not have many oral health concerns or expectations. PMID- 3162860 TI - Reasons for seeking dental care in a Malaysian urban adult population: an analysis by sex and ethnic group. AB - Different groups of people will view and use modern dental services differently. This is determined by their traditional beliefs and cultural background. The aim of this study is to identify variations in utilization among adults in the three major ethnic groups in Malaysia. Dental records of 500 adults attending the University dental center were randomly selected and analyzed by sex and ethnic group. Results from this pilot study clearly indicate that different ethnic groups tend to use certain types of services more than others. Similarly, there is evidence of variation in the type of dental service preferred between males and females. The implications of these findings for dental health educators, program planners and further research is emphasized in order to promote a more positive pattern of utilization among the various ethnic groups. PMID- 3162861 TI - Social and psychologic implications of missing teeth for chewing ability. AB - The impact of loss of teeth on chewing ability was investigated in three groups of patients. One group already had missing teeth replaced by partial dentures, which were taken out during the tests. This group was taken as not being adapted to chew without a complete dentition. A second group had their missing teeth not replaced by partial dentures. During the test they were considered adapted to chew without a complete dentition. A third group had a complete natural dentition and they acted as control group. Tests were carried out regarding chewing ability and swallowing threshold. In addition, a clinical examination was carried out. It was found that the loss of molars significantly reduced chewing performance. Moreover the number of chewing-strokes before swallowing the food-bolus and the mean of the particle size at the point of swallowing were increased. Loss of molars resulted in less positive feelings concerning chewing. Both groups of persons with missing molars showed a similar chewing performance. The group of not adapted patients felt on average more negative about their chewing ability and they indicated more changes in daily activities because of missing teeth. PMID- 3162862 TI - Longitudinal radiographic analysis of carious lesion progression. AB - Information on the rate at which carious lesions progress through the enamel of human teeth in an adult population was obtained from dental radiographs taken at 3-yr intervals, over a 10-yr period on 602 men. Clinical measures of calculus deposition, plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, tooth mobility, periodontal pocket depth, and gingival recession were studied to find predictors that might be of value to the clinician for determining how frequently radiographs should be taken. We estimate that 50% of the enamel lesions on mesial and distal surfaces, if left untreated, would not progress into the dentin until 73 months had elapsed after the lesion was initiated. Significant differences in the progression rate were associated with the arch and tooth type. Patient age, number of decayed or filled surfaces, degree of gingival inflammation, amount of recession, and plaque accumulation were positively associated with more rapid caries progression, while greater numbers of teeth present were predictive of slower disease progression. PMID- 3162863 TI - Preliminary investigation into the validity of dentists' decisions to restore occlusal surfaces of permanent teeth. AB - This study investigates the validity of the treatment decisions made by 10 hospital dentists, who examined the fissures of extracted teeth using a visual only technique. The study shows that 8 of the 10 dentists were more likely to leave carious teeth unrestored than unnecessarily treat sound teeth. The authors suggest that this system of diagnosing occlusal caries is a satisfactory one in terms of its sensitivity and specificity. PMID- 3162864 TI - Analysis of repeated measures experiments on individuals subjected to different treatments. AB - This article illustrates the ability of MANOVA to analyze the data of a doubly multivariate repeated measures design study using the multivariate set up. The advantage of this statistical method is to evaluate the effect of time and treatments, and their interaction on many combined dependent variables. The difference in the evolution of scores obtained by repeated measures may then be assessed statistically, thus permitting us to evaluate the longitudinal dimension of the study. This analysis allows for more global conclusions simultaneously taking into account the different aspects of the study. The limits and uses of this statistical technique are also discussed. PMID- 3162865 TI - Salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli and dental caries experiences in a US adolescent population. AB - Dental caries exams and saliva samples were obtained from 541 adolescents, aged 10-15, initially and after 17 months as part of a 3-yr longitudinal study investigating the relationships of dietary intakes, specific microorganisms in saliva, and the prevalence and incidence of dental caries. The mean DMFS score detected in these subjects initially was 4.61, and they developed an average of 1.38 new DMFS during the first 17-month period. Initially, S. mutans and lactobacilli were detected in 64% and 56% of these subjects, respectively. Subjects with low levels of S. mutans and lactobacilli had significantly lower initial DMFS scores and developed significantly fewer new DMFS than subjects with high counts. The predictive values of a positive result for S. mutans or lactobacilli assays were low (31% and 39%), but those for a negative result were high (81% and 84%). PMID- 3162866 TI - Corneal deswelling following overnight wear of rigid and hydrogel contact lenses. AB - The edema response over a 24-hour sleep/wake cycle of ten subjects wearing a rigid gas-permeable (RGP) lens in one eye and a hydrogel lens in the other was evaluated. Lenses that result in equivalent amounts of overnight edema were selected. There was no significant difference in the rates of deswelling during the initial hour. However, at three and five hours after eye opening, the amount of residual edema was greater in the eye wearing the hydrogel lens. We suggest that when an RGP lens provides the same closed-eye level of oxygen as a hydrogel lens, the greater tear exchange of the RGP lens will result in a greater open-eye oxygen supply, leading to less daytime edema. This suggests that the more complete deswelling we observed with RGP lenses can be attributed to a lower stimulus to open-eye swelling. Biomicroscopy, subjective vision, and patient comfort were also rated on waking and ten hours after eye opening. On eye opening there was significantly more back-surface debris (P = 0.01) with the RGP lenses. Patients wearing RGPs rated comfort as poorer and vision as better but only the latter attained statistical significance. PMID- 3162869 TI - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia after growth hormone substitution therapy]. PMID- 3162868 TI - Effects of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha on motility of small intestine in man. AB - Interdigestive motility of the small intestine was examined in 23 fasted healthy volunteers following luminal administration of the prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha. Motility was monitored by means of water-perfused catheters measuring intraluminal pressure changes. The registration points were located 25 cm apart, in the proximal duodenum, at the angle of Treitz, and in the jejunum. Prostaglandin E2 administered intraduodenally delayed the initiation of the subsequent activity front. The interval to the next activity front was prolonged by a dose of 1.0 mg prostaglandin E2 from 79.5 +/- 9.5 min to 137.1 +/- 5.0 min (P less than 0.01) and to 158.0 +/- 14.0 min by 2.0 mg prostaglandin E2 (P less than 0.05). Also, in four of seven experiments, a progressing activity front was arrested by 2.0 mg prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandin F2 alpha at 2.5 or 5.0 mg given intraduodenally induced bursts of contractions with a frequency of 17.7 +/- 0.8 contractions per minute and an amplitude of 10 to 110 mm Hg (P less than 0.01). In comparison, food intake produced irregular contractions at a frequency of 5.3 +/- 1.8 contractions per minute and an amplitude of 10 to 50 mm Hg (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that prostaglandin E2 delays the initiation of activity fronts in the duodenum. In contrast, prostaglandin F2 alpha changes the interdigestive motility pattern to one of intense contractile activity, which is different from the postprandial motility pattern. PMID- 3162867 TI - The integrity of the histone-DNA complex in chromatin fibres is not necessary for the maintenance of the shape of mitotic chromosomes. AB - In this study we addressed the question of whether scaffold structures produced from purified mitotic chromosomes are an artefact of dehistonization, and whether the integrity of the chromatin fibres is necessary for the maintenance of the well-known shape of mitotic chromosomes. Purified mitotic chromosomes from Friend erythroleukemia cells were treated either with increasing NaCl concentrations up to 500 mM, or with 6 M urea in the presence or absence of 10 mM 2 mercaptoethanol. The main criterion for the intactness of the overall chromosome shape as seen by electron microscopy was the characteristic X- or U-like appearance with clearly discernable chromatid axes. Histone H1 is known to be essential for the integrity of chromatin fibres. Its removal in sucrose gradients containing 500 mM NaCl did not lead to loss of the overall chromosome shape. However, treatment of chromosomes in sucrose gradients containing 10 mM 2 mercaptoethanol and 6 M urea led to loss of the structure probably due to dissociation (or denaturation) of shape-determining (scaffolding) components. Under these conditions most of the histones remained bound to the chromosomes, and the fibres in this chromatin material, after removal of excess urea and 2 mercaptoethanol, still showed condensation of the nucleosome filaments into the characteristic fibre structures upon increasing ionic strength. Our observations are compatible with the model that specific non-histone components, independently of histone-DNA interactions, organize or stabilize the structure of metaphase chromosomes. PMID- 3162870 TI - Reduction of prostaglandin E2 concentrations in synovial fluid of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis following tiaprofenic acid or indomethacin treatment. AB - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a potent stimulator of inflammation, and the inhibition of its synthesis is one possible mechanism of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We have investigated patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis to determine how synovial fluid levels of PGE2 are affected by tiaprofenic acid or indomethacin medication. Ten patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis were studied, with 5 patients receiving tiaprofenic acid and 5 indomethacin for a 1-week period. Synovial fluid and serum samples were collected over an 8-hour period on days 1 and 8; these were then assayed for PGE2 and active drug concentrations. The concentration of PGE2 in the synovial fluid fell consistently as the concentration of each drug rose, and low levels of PGE2 persisted on continuation of the medication. Tiaprofenic acid appeared to cause a faster onset of inhibition of PGE2 synthesis than indomethacin. PMID- 3162872 TI - Variable effects of dexamethasone on protein synthesis in clonal rat osteosarcoma cells. AB - We examined the effects of dexamethasone on protein synthesis in clonal rat osteoblastic osteosarcoma (ROS) cell lines by measuring the incorporation of [3H]proline into collagenase-digestible and noncollagen protein in the cell layer and medium of the cultures. In ROS 17/2 and subclone C12 of ROS 17/2.8, dexamethasone decreased collagen synthesis with no change in DNA content of the cultures. In ROS 17/2.8 and its subclone G2, dexamethasone stimulated collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis, with a concomitant decrease in the DNA content of the cells. These data indicate that ROS cell lines are phenotypically heterogeneous and suggest that in normal bone there may be distinct subpopulations of osteoblasts with varying phenotypic traits with respect to the regulation of protein synthesis. PMID- 3162871 TI - Triiodothyronine: a substrate for the thermostable and thermolabile forms of human phenol sulfotransferase. AB - The enzyme(s) responsible for the sulfate conjugation of L-T3 in man has not been characterized. T3 sulfotransferase (T3-ST) activity was characterized in normal human liver tissue obtained during clinically indicated surgical resection. Subcellular distribution studies showed that the T3-ST activity was localized to the cytoplasmic fraction. This finding raised the possibility that T3-ST activity might be similar to the 2 previously identified forms of cytoplasmic phenol sulfotransferase (PST) found in human tissue. A thermostable (TS) form of PST catalyzes the sulfate conjugation of micromolar concentrations of p-nitrophenol, and a thermolabile (TL) form catalyzes the sulfate conjugation of dopamine and other monoamines. Thermal stability and enzyme inhibitor experiments showed that T3-ST activity in pooled liver homogenates was very similar to the TS form of PST. The apparent similarity of T3-ST to TS PST was studied further by measuring T3-ST, TS PST, and TL PST activities in 20 individual liver samples. T3-ST activities correlated significantly with TS PST activities (r = 0.939; P less than 0.001) measured with p-nitrophenol, but not with TL PST activities (r = 0.118; P greater than 0.6) measured with dopamine. However, sulfation of T3 by the TL form of the enzyme might have been masked by the 18-fold higher specific activity of TS than TL PST in human liver homogenates. When the two forms of PST were separated by ion exchange chromatography, T3 was found to be a substrate for both the TS and TL forms of PST. "True" Km values for T3 were similar for TS and TL PST (81 and 127 microM, respectively). PMID- 3162873 TI - Hyperbaric oxygenation for experimental bladder tumor. II. Hyperbaric oxygenation in combination with chemotherapy in N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine-induced bladder tumors. AB - Two series of experiments were conducted to ascertain whether hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) treatment with or without antineoplastic chemotherapy can really suppress tumor development in N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) induced bladder tumor in rats. HBO treatment of 2 ATA of air saturating with 30 35% of oxygen for 90 min daily plus 0.5 mg/100 g body weight of 1-(4-amino-2 methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) administration for 5 times suppressed the neoplastic spread of the bladder for 9 weeks and reduced the bladder weight in BBN-treated rats. Similar effects were also obtained in ACNU-treated rats, but to a lesser extent. HBO treatment associated with or without doxorubicin failed to suppress tumor growth in BBN treated animals. Based on these findings combined with the previous study (part I), HBO treatment associated with ACNU might be available for the treatment of some cases of bladder tumors. PMID- 3162874 TI - Third molar impaction--a consequence of late M3 mineralization and early physical maturity. PMID- 3162876 TI - Comparison of some cephalometric distances and corresponding facial proportions with regard to heritability. PMID- 3162875 TI - A quantitative study of oxytalan fibres in the transseptal region and tension zones of rat molars following orthodontic movement. PMID- 3162877 TI - Evaluation of the risk of root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a study of upper incisors. PMID- 3162878 TI - Dentofacial changes in children with negative overjet treated by a combined orthodontic and orthopaedic approach. PMID- 3162879 TI - Clefts of the lip and/or palate in monozygotic twins. PMID- 3162880 TI - Long term results of orthodontic treatment. A clinical view 3. PMID- 3162881 TI - Comparison of cephalometric mean values. PMID- 3162882 TI - Experimental force determination in asymmetric face-bows. PMID- 3162883 TI - The association between tooth irregularity and plaque accumulation, gingivitis, and caries in 11-12-year-old children. PMID- 3162884 TI - Direct demonstration of production of transforming growth factor activity by embryonic chick tissue. AB - The presence of transforming growth factor activity in early chick embryos was directly demonstrated by the ability of limb and tail buds to induce anchorage independent division in NRK 49 f cells. Colony number increased with limb bud number and developmental stage. Medium conditioned by tail buds contained some stimulating effect, and strongly promoted the action of other transforming growth factors. PMID- 3162885 TI - Temporal changes in intracellular distribution of protein kinase C during differentiation of human leukemia HL60 cells induced by phorbol ester. AB - Immunocytochemical methods were used to study protein kinase C (PKC) distribution in HL60 cells during the entire course of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced differentiation. After an initial translocation of PKC from cytoplasm to plasma membrane, the enzyme was localized close to the nuclear membrane region at day 1 of TPA treatment. PKC was associated with nuclei at day 2 and with nuclei, cytoplasma and plasma membrane at days 3 and 5. Attachment of cells to substratum (day 2) was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of several nuclear proteins. At day 7, the differentiated cells became detached and PKC in these cells was largely cytoplasmic. In view of the crucial role of PKC in cell differentiation, it is expected that changes in its intracellular localization have physiological significance. PMID- 3162886 TI - Exploration of the catalytic site of endopeptidase 24.11 by site-directed mutagenesis. Histidine residues 583 and 587 are essential for catalysis. AB - Direct comparison of the primary structure of neutral endopeptidase (NEP, EC 3.4.24.11) with that of thermolysin, a bacterial metalloendopeptidase with a similar specificity, has revealed very few similarities between the two sequences, except for two conserved short segments. In thermolysin, these segments contain several of the residues involved in catalysis, including two zinc coordinating histidines (His-142 and His-146) and a third histidine (His 231) involved in stabilizing the transition state through hydrogen bonding. The role of the corresponding histidines in NEP (His-583, His-587 and His-637) was explored by site-directed mutagenesis of NEP cDNA and expression of the mutated cDNA in COS-1 cells. Substitution of either His-583 or His-587 of NEP for Phe completely abolished the activity and Zn-directed inhibitor recognition of the recombinant enzyme, suggesting that these residues play a role similar to His-142 and His-146 of thermolysin as zinc ligands. In contrast, substitution of His-637 for a phenylalanine residue was without effect on enzyme activity. PMID- 3162887 TI - Tumor marker radioimmunoassays in gastric juice. Methodologic drawbacks due to pH variations. AB - Conflicting data have been reported on tumor marker determination in gastric juice. In the present study the effect of pH variations on both antibody-antigen binding and the immunologic stability of the antigen were evaluated for the radioimmunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9, tissue polypeptide antigen, and ferritin. A significant inhibition of antibody-antigen binding was constantly found in acidic conditions. Antigen concentration was lower in acidified than in untreated samples, possibly due to the carryover of acidity in the incubation mixture. Neutralization of acidified samples partly improved recovery of carcinoembryonic antigen and CA19-9. Tissue polypeptide antigen and ferritin were not recovered by neutralization in samples with pH less than 4.5, suggesting an irreversible damage of the immunologic characteristics of the two antigens. From the present data we conclude that an accurate validation of methods and a rigorous standardization of sample collection are mandatory for tumor marker determination by radioimmunoassay in gastric juice. PMID- 3162888 TI - Initial kinetic changes of prostaglandin E2-induced hyperplasia of the rat small intestinal epithelium occur in the villous compartments. AB - This study was performed to further identify the sequence of cell kinetics that occurs in the development of gastric and intestinal epithelial hyperplasia after orally administered prostaglandins of the E series. A high-dose, short-treatment schedule was used to examine the initial effects on kinetic parameters in the rat small intestinal epithelium. Groups of rats were killed after a single dose of oral prostaglandin E2 at 1 h after in vivo labeling with [methyl-3H]thymidine and during continued treatment at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. As evidenced by autoradiography, the earliest change produced by prostaglandin E2 was an increased cellularity of the villous compartment (p less than 0.05 after 24 h). There was no change of labeling index of the villous compartment or of the leading edge of labeled cells within 24 h. At 48 h, the increased cellularity was accompanied by a significantly elevated labeling index of the villi. Throughout the study period no significant differences were observed between groups in the number of cells or labeling indices in the jejunal crypts, or in cellular input from the crypts to the villi. Epithelial turnover time in the placebo and treatment groups was 69 and 71 h, respectively. To exclude the possibility that prostaglandin E2 initially affects cell birth rate and mean cell cycle time, a metaphase blocker was given after 4 days of treatment in a second study. Animals were killed after 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.5 h. The rate of entry into mitoses was 8.1% cells/h in controls compared with 8.2% cells/h in treated rats. The distribution of mitoses within crypts was identical in the two groups and the mean cell cycle time was 13.6 and 13.2 h, respectively. Also in this study there were trophic changes of the villi. It is concluded that the hyperplasia produced by oral prostaglandin E2 starts in the villi of the small intestine and is initiated by reduced cell exfoliation from the villous tips. Previously recorded retention of cellular elements in villi and crypts, increased cellularity of the proliferative compartments, and reduced mitotic index are secondary events. PMID- 3162889 TI - [Long-term storage of leukocytes from patients with chronic myeloleukemia using the Leukocryodmac solution]. PMID- 3162890 TI - The role of arginine vasotocin and prostaglandin F2 alpha on oviposition and luteolysis in the common snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina. AB - The administration of arginine vasotocin (AVT) to gravid snapping turtles with steroidogenically active corpora lutea and high plasma progesterone concentration (1480 +/- 155 pg/ml) did not trigger oviposition, whereas 12 days after ovulation when luteolysis occurred and plasma progesterone concentration was low (570 +/- 78 pg/ml), treatment with AVT caused oviposition. Controls with high plasma progesterone concentration (1605 +/- 185 pg/ml) oviposited 15-23 days after ovulation when plasma progesterone concentration dropped to 201 +/- 35 pg/ml. Deluteinization-induced oviposition was initiated 15 hr after surgery and was completed by 30 hr. Oviposition of complete clutches occurred and was correlated with a significant drop in plasma progesterone. Sham-operated turtles did not exhibit oviposition and no significant change in progesterone concentration was observed. A single injection of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) in recently ovulated turtles induced early luteolysis and a significant decrease in plasma progesterone concentration after 24-30 hr. A single administration of PGF caused the disappearance of steroidogenic features such as the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria with tubular cristae 48 hr later. Also PGF triggered the invasion of a hyaline-like material from the luteal theca into the luteal cell mass which eventually induced luteolysis. The role of AVT, PGF, and progesterone in relation to egg retention and oviposition is discussed. PMID- 3162891 TI - Inheritance of human platelet thermolabile phenol sulfotransferase (TL PST) activity. AB - Sulfate conjugation is an important pathway in the biotransformation of drugs and neurotransmitters. The thermolabile (TL) form of the enzyme phenol sulfotransferase (PST) catalyzes the sulfation of catecholamine neurotransmitters and drugs such as methyldopa and acetaminophen. Platelet TL PST activity was measured in blood samples from 232 individuals in 49 nuclear families. Correlations ranged from 0.43 to 0.45 for parent-offspring pairs and from 0.44 to 0.47 for siblings. Mother-father correlations were not significantly different from zero. Although evidence was not unequivocal, both segregation and commingling analyses provided some support for a major gene influence on TL PST activity, with other variation due to polygenic background. In both sets of analyses, however, support for a major gene hypothesis depended upon skewness in the TL PST activity distribution. A polygenic model with high heritability (0.77) was most strongly supported with the log transformed data. These results confirm and extend a previous report of high heritability of TL PST based on a study of twins. In addition, our results raise the possibility of a major gene effect on this important catecholamine- and drug-metabolizing enzyme--a possibility that can now be evaluated using biochemical techniques. PMID- 3162892 TI - [Resistance to ethidium bromide in L929 cells is accompanied by regular changes in karyotypic structure]. AB - The method of differential staining of chromosomes (G- and C-banding) has been used for comparative karyological analysis of mouse fibroblasts of L929 cells selected for resistance to ethidium bromide (EB) at concentrations 1, 10, 25, 50 mkg/ml. All variants have been shown to maintain resistance to EB for a long period of cultivation in nonselective conditions. Only 13 of 36 marker chromosomes of the initial EB-sensitive cells persist, 16 markers being specific for resistant variants. The karyotype changes found occur as early as at the first step of selection and are maintained in variants resistant to the higher drug concentrations. Detection of similar karyotypic changes in clones of independent origin, resistant to EB at concentrations 3 and 25 mkg/ml, allows to conclude that they are quite uniform for L929 cells selected for resistance to EB. PMID- 3162893 TI - [Population genetic study of differential human fertility (exemplified by habitual abortion). VI. Nonspecific risk factors for habitual abortion]. AB - The associations between variation of morphophysiological traits, biochemical and immunological loci and incidence of repeated spontaneous abortions were examined in Moscow population. Early age of menarche, great difference in wife/husband body length and the presence of rare genotypic paired combinations for 8 biochemical and 5 immunological loci have been shown to be the main nonspecific risk factors for this type of pathology. Direct estimations of relative risk are presented. PMID- 3162894 TI - The secretor locus as a marker for prenatal prediction of myotonic dystrophy (DM). AB - To verify the reliability of secretor status for prenatal diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy (DM), 179 amniotic fluid samples were compared with saliva or urine samples of the infants by hemagglutination inhibition. While no discrepancies were observed, problems could arise with intermediate results. Additionally, secretor typing is only informative in 8.4% of patients. PMID- 3162896 TI - A cranial osteopathic approach to correcting malocclusions employing Kernott and fixed labial appliance therapy. PMID- 3162895 TI - AIDS: no association with the genetic systems GC (D-binding protein), ORM (orosomucoid = alpha-1-acid glycoprotein), and A2HS (alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein). AB - In a sample of 97 HIV-1 seropositive persons which comprised 34 patients with AIDS, 30 patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy or with AIDS related complex and 33 persons who were without symptoms and called "healthy", three genetic marker systems were examined: 1) GC, the group-specific component of serum which is identical with the vitamin D binding protein (DBP) of serum, 2) ORM, the acute phase protein orosomucoid = alpha-1-acid glycoprotein of serum, and 3) A2HS, the alpha-2-AS glycoprotein of serum. The distribution of the genotypes and of the alleles in the sample of AIDS patients and of HIV-1/positive persons was not different from the distribution in control groups. An association between susceptibility and/or resistance for AIDS and these genetic marker systems was not observed. PMID- 3162897 TI - Case report. PMID- 3162898 TI - Susceptibility of Pseudomonas pseudomallei to new beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics. AB - Pseudomonas pseudomallei is resistant to many antimicrobial agents. We determined the susceptibility to twelve beta-lactams and six aminoglycosides of twelve isolates of P. pseudomallei. Imipenem (MIC range 0.5-1.0 mg/l; MIC90 1.0 mg/l), ceftazidime (MIC range 1-8 mg/l; MIC90 8.0 mg/l), amoxycillin/clavulanate (MIC range 4-8 mg/l; MIC90 8.0 mg/l), piperacillin (MIC range 4-16 mg/l; MIC90 8.0 mg/l), and carumonam (MIC range 4-16 mg/l; MIC90 8.0 mg/l) were the most active. Aminoglycosides were relatively inactive, for example, gentamicin (MIC range 16 64 mg/l; MIC90 64 mg/l), netilmicin (MIC range 16-128 mg/l; MIC90 128 mg/l) and amikacin (MIC range 32-64 mg/l; MIC90 64 mg/l). PMID- 3162899 TI - Enoxacin--a laboratory and clinical assessment. PMID- 3162900 TI - Enoxacin treatment of urinary tract infections in elderly patients. AB - Sixty-seven elderly patients (61 female, six male) with a mean age of 82 years (range 67-95) were orally treated for 4-14 days with enoxacin (200 or 400 mg bd) for urinary tract infections in a non-comparative open study. Fifty-three patients had features of pyelonephritis, and 17 had indwelling catheters. Clinical and bacteriological assessments were made on day 0, between days 2 and 4, at the end of therapy, 5-9 days post-treatment. Patients whose response continued to be satisfactory were re-examined 4-6 weeks after the last dose. In 20 patients enoxacin concentrations were measured in samples of urine and serum during the study. Enoxacin therapy eliminated the causative pathogens in 98.5% of the patients after 2-4 days treatment and in 100% at the end of therapy. Overall results at the end of treatment were good or excellent in 84% of patients. Sixty patients (90%) at 5-9 days follow-up had a satisfactory response (51 had complete eradication of pathogen and nine re-infection). At 4-6 weeks follow-up, 46 patients (69%) remained completely infection free. Side effects of therapy were, in general, mild or moderate although four patients, all of whom had a history of cerebrovascular disturbance, suffered convulsions during study. PMID- 3162901 TI - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral enoxacin in healthy volunteers. AB - In a randomized, crossover study single 200 and 800 mg doses of enoxacin were administered intravenously and orally to eight healthy normal volunteers. Plasma and urinary enoxacin concentrations and urinary concentrations of its oxo metabolite were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. At the end of a 1 h intravenous infusion period, mean enoxacin plasma concentrations were 1.8 and 6.6 mg/l for the 200 and 800 mg doses, respectively. Disappearance of enoxacin from the systemic circulation appeared to follow first order kinetics with harmonic mean elimination half lives of 3.3 and 4.7 h for the 200 and 800 mg dose groups, respectively. However, enoxacin kinetics were dose-dependent over the dose range tested. Total body clearance decreased and elimination half-life increased with increasing dose. The volume of distribution was large (2.8 l/kg) and independent of dose. Absorption of orally administered enoxacin was rapid, with mean peak plasma concentrations (1.0 and 3.8 mg/l) appearing one to two hours postdose. Absolute oral bioavailability averaged 89%, and was independent of the dose administered. Cumulative enoxacin urinary recovery accounted for 51 53% of the dose irrespective of dose or route of administration. Enoxacin renal clearance exceeded creatinine clearance indicating that urinary excretion of enoxacin involved both glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Urinary excretion of the oxo-metabolite averaged 16% and 11% following the 200 and 800 mg dose, respectively. Evidence of dose dependent decrease in enoxacin renal clearance and formation of its oxo-metabolite was observed. Enoxacin was well tolerated during the course of the trial. The present study shows that enoxacin pharmacokinetics can be characterized by apparent first order elimination, large volume of distribution, and dose-dependent increase of half life. Oral absorption of enoxacin is complete over a wide dose range. PMID- 3162902 TI - Enoxacin distribution in human tissues after multiple oral administration. AB - Enoxacin was administered to six patients undergoing nephrectomy; 200 mg was given orally twice a day for three days preoperatively. The last dose was given on the morning of the day of operation. Samples of blood, skin, subcutaneous fat, muscle, rib bone, and renal cortex and medulla were taken during the procedure. Urine was collected 24 h preoperatively. The concentrations of enoxacin in the different tissues were measured by an agar-well diffusion method. The mean (24 h) urinary excretion of enoxacin was 62.7% of the daily dose. The concentrations in renal cortex and medulla and muscles exceeded those in serum; the mean tissue/serum concentration ratios were 3.8, 3.2 and 1.4, respectively. The ratios for skin and fat were 0.8 and 0.2, respectively. Only four bone samples were obtained and two of them had no detectable levels. The results indicate that enoxacin may be effective for treatment of skin and soft tissue infections and infections in the upper and lower urinary tract. PMID- 3162903 TI - Pharmacokinetics and sputum penetration of enoxacin after twice daily oral dosing for seven days. AB - The ability of enoxacin to penetrate into sputum and its distribution and elimination characteristics after dosing to steady state were determined in six subjects with permanent tracheostomies. At steady state the mean trough level of enoxacin in sputum was 1.75 +/- 0.70 mg/kg (mean +/- S.D.), and the corresponding level in plasma was 1.23 +/- 0.32 mg/l. The mean peak sputum concentration at steady state was 7.12 +/- 4.21 mg/kg with the corresponding level in plasma being 4.54 +/- 1.34 mg/l. The ratio of the mean trough concentration of enoxacin in sputum to that in plasma was 1.42 +/- 0.36, and the ratio of the mean peak concentrations was 1.67 +/- 1.07. The pharmacokinetics of enoxacin in sputum were similar to those in plasma, the only significant difference being between the mean times to reach peak concentration (T-max) which were 2.62 +/- 1.04 and 0.92 +/- 0.44 h in sputum and plasma respectively (P less than 0.01). After reaching steady state, the mean area under the plasma time-concentration curve (AUC) from 0 to 12 h (the dosing interval) was 26.6 +/- 5.9 mg/h/l, and the mean AUC (0-12) for sputum was 40.9 +/- 21.8 mg/h/kg. The mean apparent total clearance was 259.6 +/- 48.8 ml/min and the mean apparent volume of distribution was 169.6 +/- 30.51. Enoxacin exhibits a high degree of penetration into sputum which may prove useful in the treatment of bacterial infections of the respiratory tract. PMID- 3162904 TI - Pharmacokinetics of enoxacin and its penetration into bronchial secretions and lung tissue. AB - Pharmacokinetic data were obtained from four healthy volunteers after oral administration of a single 400 or 600 mg dose of enoxacin. Enoxacin was absorbed quickly and absorption was increased when enoxacin was ingested after a meal. Renal clearance of enoxacin and 4-oxo-enoxacin decreased after simultaneous administration of probenecid. In addition, pharmacokinetic parameters of enoxacin and its 4-oxo metabolite were determined for plasma and sputum from 19 patients treated with enoxacin, 400 or 600 mg bd, for a respiratory tract infection. The half-life of both enoxacin and 4-oxo-enoxacin was 5-6 h; during treatment with 400 and 600 mg bd, the plasma concentrations exceeded MIC values for most bacteria isolated in respiratory tract infections, including most Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains; Streptococcus pneumoniae was an exception. Diffusion from plasma to sputum was approximately 100%. Of an ingested dose, 60-65% was recovered in the urine in 24 h. In a third study, a single 600 mg dose of enoxacin was given to 15 patients undergoing thoracotomy. Subsequent lung tissue concentrations of enoxacin were significantly higher than plasma concentrations at the same time after ingestion. PMID- 3162905 TI - An evaluation of pelvic tissue concentrations after oral administration of enoxacin. AB - Twenty-seven patients received a single dose or three divided doses of enoxacin before total abdominal hysterectomy. Enoxacin levels were measured in biopsies from myometrium, fallopian tube and cervix as well as serum taken at the same time. The results showed good penetration of enoxacin into all three tissues. PMID- 3162906 TI - The effect of renal impairment and haemodialysis on single dose pharmacokinetics of oral enoxacin. AB - The effect of renal impairment on the single dose pharmacokinetics of oral enoxacin was studied in 28 volunteers with creatinine clearances ranging from less than 15 to 120 ml/min, including patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis. Following an overnight fast, 400 mg of enoxacin was administered orally to each subject. Blood and urine samples were collected at predetermined times for 48 and 72 h, respectively. Plasma and urine samples were assayed for enoxacin and for oxo metabolite concentrations by a specific high performance liquid chromatographic method. Area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0-infinity) was increased in subjects with renal impairment. Plasma half-life (10.6-11.6 h) in volunteers with severe renal impairment was approximately double the 5.2 h half-life found in subjects with normal renal function, and this should result in steady-state enoxacin concentrations approximately double those measured in normal subjects given equivalent doses. Haemodialysis did not remove significant amounts of enoxacin. A significant correlation between creatinine clearance and enoxacin renal clearance was observed (r = 0.97). PMID- 3162907 TI - Levels and activities of nitrogenase proteins in Azotobacter vinelandii grown at different dissolved oxygen concentrations. AB - Azotobacter vinelandii was grown diazotrophically at different dissolved oxygen concentrations (in the range of 3 to 216 microM) in sucrose-limited continuous culture. The specific nitrogenase activity, measured on the basis of acetylene reduction in situ, was dependent solely on the growth rate and was largely independent of oxygen and sucrose concentration. FeMo (Av1) and Fe (Av2) nitrogenase proteins were quantified after Western blotting (immunoblotting). When the cultures were grown at a constant dilution rate (D, representing the growth rate, mu) of 0.15.h-1, the cellular levels of both proteins were constant regardless of different dissolved oxygen concentrations. The same was true when the organisms were grown at D values above 0.15.h-1. At a lower growth rate (D = 0.09.h-1), however, and at lower oxygen concentrations cellular levels of both nitrogenase proteins were decreased. This means that catalytic activities of nitrogenase proteins were highest at low oxygen concentrations, but at higher oxygen concentrations they increased with growth rate. Under all conditions tested, however, the Av1:Av2 molar ratio was 1:(1.45 +/- 0.12). Cellular levels of flavodoxin and FeS protein II were largely constant as well. In order to estimate turnover of nitrogenase proteins in the absence of protein synthesis, chloramphenicol was added to cultures adapted to 3 and 216 microM oxygen, respectively. After 2 h of incubation, no significant decrease in the cellular levels of Av1 and Av2 could be observed. This suggests that oxygen has no significant effect on the breakdown of nitrogenase proteins. PMID- 3162908 TI - Conjugative transfer of cadmium resistance plasmids in Rhodococcus fascians strains. AB - The presence of a 138-kilobase plasmid (pD188) correlated with increased resistance to cadmium in Rhodococcus fascians D188. This plasmid could be transferred by a conjugation-like system in matings between R. fascians strains. Transconjugants expressed the cadmium resistance and could be used as donors in subsequent matings. Four other R. fascians strains (NCPPB 1488, NCPPB 1675, NCPPB 2551, and ATCC 12974) could also be used as donors for cadmium resistance in matings. Strain NCPPB 1675 showed a 100% cotransfer of cadmium and chloramphenicol resistance markers. PMID- 3162909 TI - Glycolipids of mouse erythroleukemia cells (Friend cells) and their alteration during differentiation. AB - Neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids of Friend cells were characterized in 1) undifferentiated Friend cells (745A), 2) differentiated Friend cells induced with dimethyl-sulfoxide, and 3) solid tumors grown in mice after subcutaneous implantation of Friend cells. The structures of the isolated glycosphingolipids were determined by means of compositional analysis, methylation analysis and enzyme treatment. Gangliosides GD1a and N-acetylgalactosaminyl-GD1a, followed by GM1a and GM2, were the main gangliosides in undifferentiated Friend cells. GD1a and N-acetylgalactosaminyl-GD1a accounted for 45 and 25% of the total gangliosides, respectively. On differentiation, ganglioside GM2 decreased significantly, from 10% to a trace amount. In solid tumors, GD1a was the major ganglioside, whereas in contrast to the situation in the cultured cells, N acetylgalactosaminyl-GD1a was almost completely absent, and ganglioside GM1b, but not GM1a, was detected. In addition, ganglioside GD1 alpha was detected in the solid tumors. Galactosylceramide, glucosylceramide, and lactosylceramide were the main neutral components in both types of cells, while globotetraosylceramide (globoside), IV3-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl globotetraosylceramide (Forssman glycolipid) and gangliotetraosylceramide (GA1) were major in solid tumors grown in vivo. PMID- 3162910 TI - Induction of cytosolic activation factor for NADPH oxidase in differentiated HL 60 leukemia cells. AB - NADPH oxidase was induced in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells when these cells were treated with 10(-7) M 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) for 4 days. The treated cells were disrupted by sonication, and the postnuclear fraction was separated into 48,000 X g supernatant (cytosol) and precipitate (membrane) fractions. Membrane-bound NADPH oxidase was activated in vitro with SDS and cytosol. However, the cytosol from untreated HL-60 cells could not activate NADPH oxidase. The cytosolic activity was induced 2 days after VD3 treatment and fully expressed on day 4. The activity was heat-sensitive and destroyed by trypsin. The possibility that the cytosolic activation factor is a protein kinase C (PKC) was then tested. Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent PKC activity was low in the cytosol of untreated HL-60 cells but increased in the cytosols of VD3-treated cells 4 and 11 times, respectively, 2 days and 4 days after treatment. H-7 [1-(5 isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride], inhibited PKC activity in a dose-dependent manner at 1-100 microM. Cytosolic activity of NADPH oxidase was not inhibited at all at those concentrations. Furthermore, PKC activity was lost when Ca2+ was omitted from the assay mixture, but NADPH oxidase was activated in the presence of EGTA. These results indicated that the cytosolic factor is not a PKC, and that NADPH oxidase in this cell-free system is activated by a mechanism that does not involve PKC. PMID- 3162911 TI - Cloning of the sequences expressed abundantly in established cell lines: identification of a cDNA clone highly homologous to S-100, a calcium binding protein. AB - To identify and characterize mRNAs which are abundant in established cell lines, but less so in the corresponding parental counterparts, a cDNA library was constructed from poly(A)+RNA of Balb/c3T3 cells. We screened this cDNA library by differential colony hybridization using single-stranded cDNAs from Balb/c3T3 cells and mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF), and obtained four cDNA clones, out of 8,300 clones. One such clone, named pEL98, corresponding to mRNA of approximately 600 nucleotides, was further characterized. The entire nucleotide sequence of the cDNA insert in the pEL98 revealed a single open reading frame that encodes a 101 amino acid of putative protein (hereafter referred to as the pEL98 protein). pEL98 protein is highly homologous to both alpha and beta subunits of bovine S 100 protein (49 and 47% homology, respectively), a protein belonging to the family of calcium binding proteins. pEL98 protein is also homologous to several S 100 related proteins such as "calcyclin," a product of growth-regulated human gene 2A9, porcine p11 (or p10), the small subunit of a protein complex which serves as a major substrate of tyrosine kinase, and human cystic fibrosis antigen (CFAg). The amounts of transcript of pEL98 were increased in murine cells transformed with both activated oncogene and chemical carcinogen. PMID- 3162912 TI - Retroviral-mediated transfer and expression of human beta-globin genes in cultured murine and human erythroid cells. AB - We have cloned human beta-globin DNA sequences from a genomic library prepared from DNA isolated from the human leukemia cell line K562 and have used the retroviral vector pZip-NeoSV(X)1 to introduce a 3.0-kilobase segment encompassing the globin gene into mouse erythroleukemia cells. Whereas the endogenous K562 beta-globin gene is repressed in K562 cells, when introduced into mouse erythroleukemia cells by retroviral-mediated gene transfer, the beta-globin gene from K562 cells was transcribed and induced 5-20-fold after treatment of the cells with dimethyl sulfoxide. The transcripts were correctly initiated, and expression and regulation of the K562 gene were identical to the expression of a normal human beta-globin gene transferred into mouse erythroleukemia cells in the same way. We have also introduced the normal human beta-globin gene into K562 cells using the same retrovirus vector. SP6 analysis of the RNA isolated from the transduced cells showed that the normal beta-globin gene was transcribed at a moderately high level, before or after treatment with hemin. Based on these data, we suggest that the lack of expression of the endogenous beta-globin gene in K562 cells does not result from an alteration in the gene itself and may not result from a lack of factor(s) necessary for beta-globin gene transcription. Retroviral mediated transfer of the human beta-globin gene may, however, uniquely influence expression of the gene in K562 cells. PMID- 3162913 TI - Latent high molecular weight complex of transforming growth factor beta 1. Purification from human platelets and structural characterization. AB - Human transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) was purified as a latent high Mr complex from human platelets by a six-step procedure. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions revealed that the complex was composed of at least three components with apparent Mr values of 13,000, 40,000, and 125,000-160,000. The 13-kDa subunit was part of a disulfide bonded dimer and was identified by amino acid sequencing as TGF-beta 1. The 40 kDa subunit was identified as the amino-terminal part of the TGF-beta 1 precursor lacking the hydrophobic signal sequence. Partial sequencing of the 125-160-kDa protein revealed that it is distinct from known proteins. The 40-kDa and the 125 160-kDa subunits are linked by disulfide bonds, forming a complex with an apparent Mr of 210,000 on SDS gels under nonreducing conditions. Experiments with partial reduction revealed that each complex contains two 40-kDa components linked by disulfide bonds; in addition, the dimer is disulfide-linked to one 125 160-kDa binding protein. TGF-beta 1 binds noncovalently to the 210-kDa complex, and in bound form, TGF-beta 1 is inactive. Incubations of the latent form of TGF beta 1 at extreme pH values, in 0.02% SDS or in 8 M urea, lead to activation of TGF-beta 1, whereas the complex was resistant to treatment with 5 M NaCl or heat (3 min at 95 degrees C). PMID- 3162914 TI - In vivo system for characterizing clonal variation and tissue-specific gene regulatory factors based on function. AB - The inducibility of stably transfected alpha-cardiac actin genes differs among L cell clones. We examined the ability of muscle-specific factors to induce the expression of the human muscle alpha-cardiac actin gene promoter when stably transfected into mouse fibroblast L cells. This promoter is transcriptionally active in L cells at a low level, 2-5% of that in transfected muscle cells. Upon fusion with muscle cells to form heterokaryons, expression of the transfected alpha-cardiac actin gene promoter can be induced. However, induction is observed with only 10% of transfected L cell clones and the magnitude of this induction varies between 5- and 50-fold. These properties of the transfected L cell appear to be stably inherited. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that muscle cells contain factors capable of increasing the transcription of the transfected gene, but that differences among L cell clones, possibly in the site of integration in the genome, determine the extent to which the gene can respond. By fusion into heterokaryons, transfectants with responsive genes can be identified. Such clones should prove useful in determining the basis for clonal variation. In addition, they provide an in vivo system for isolating functionally active tissue-specific transcription factors and the genes that encode them. PMID- 3162915 TI - Quantification of the enantiomers of ofloxacin in biological fluids by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Two methods for the determination of (+)- and (-)-ofloxacin in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography are described. The first method is separation on a chiral stationary phase with bovine serum albumin immobilized on silica gel. The second is the coupling of ofloxacin to L-leucinamide via diphenylphosphinyl chloride activation. The diastereoisomeric derivatives are then separated on a common reversed-phase column. The second method revealed only slight differences in the pharmacokinetics of (+)- and (-)-ofloxacin in humans after an intravenous administration of racemic ofloxacin. PMID- 3162916 TI - Expression of CEA, CA125, CA19-9 and human milk fat globule membrane antigen in ovarian tumours. AB - The expression of five different antigens in ovarian tumours was studied by means of an immunohistochemical test with anti-CEA, HMFG1 and HMFG2, NS19-9 and OC125 antibodies. Considerable variation was noted not only between different histological types and between tumours of one type but also between areas in a single tumour. HMFG1 and HMFG2 were the most reactive of all the antibodies; NS19 9 and OC125 were expressed by different populations of cells. It is concluded that specific combinations of antibodies are more effective both for the monitoring of ovarian cancer as well as for immunodiagnosis and treatment, than any single one used. PMID- 3162917 TI - Phase I clinical studies of 7432-S: effect of 7432-S on platelet aggregation and blood coagulation. AB - The effects of 7432-S, a new oral cephalosporin antibiotic, on platelet functions and vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation parameters were studied in human volunteers and animals. Although the ADP- and collagen-induced aggregations of human and animal platelets were inhibited in vitro by extremely high concentrations of 7432-S, the inhibitory effect of 7432-S was weaker than that of latamoxef or cefotaxime. When administered orally to human volunteers or animals, 7432-S caused no inhibition of platelet aggregation. Its administration also caused no change in prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time both in human volunteers and in rats. The conclusion reached was that the new oral antibiotic 7432-S does not affect platelet functions and blood coagulation. PMID- 3162919 TI - Ten-year study of strategies for teaching clinical inference in predoctoral orthodontic education. AB - Dealing with the continuum of malocclusions in general practice requires diagnostic skills that, according to the Council on Dental Education guidelines, should include an ability to evaluate the severity of malocclusions and to assess the degree of treatment difficulty. This level of diagnostic skills is predicated upon the ability to make a judgment on the basis of inherently ill-defined and insufficient data or, in other words, upon the ability to use rules and procedures of clinical inference. However, conventional methods of predoctoral orthodontic instruction appear to be unsuitable for transmitting these complex skills to dental students. For ten years, alternative instructional strategies involving guided discovery learning, repetitive practice in application of facts and principles to real-life problems, and eventually a prescriptive diagnostic model were employed at our institution. Both classroom instruction and evaluation were focused on attaining mastery in two narrowly specified domains: "Evaluating the Severity of Malocclusions" and "Assessing the Degree of Treatment Difficulty." The large proportion of items mastered by students and the high percent correct recorded on multiple-choice examinations suggest that these instructional methods may be effective for teaching clinical inference at the predoctoral level of dental education. PMID- 3162918 TI - Dental hygienists--they can come back. PMID- 3162920 TI - Stress symptoms among third-year dental students. AB - The purpose of this study was to document the stress (anxiety and depression) symptoms of third-year dental students using two psychological measures. Eighty six students in two successive third-year classes were tested with the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in October, December, and April. For both state and trait anxiety, changes across test administrations indicated significant increases for the 1985 class. For depression, no significant changes were found across either test administration or between classes. Comparisons were made between the reported stress symptoms of third-year and first-year dental students. A stress management program within the dental school environment was recommended. PMID- 3162922 TI - Patient preference for forms of address and other behaviors of dentists. PMID- 3162921 TI - Dental hygiene and predoctoral dental curricula concerning dietary fluoride supplements. AB - Deficiencies have been identified in dentists' knowledge about and use of proper protocol in systemic fluoride supplementation and water fluoride assay. Although AADS curriculum guidelines include systemic fluoride supplementation, little is known about actual predoctoral dental and dental hygiene curricula in this area. This study used a mail survey format to investigate dental and dental hygiene curricula concerning systemic fluoride supplementation. The majority of pertinent topics were reported to be included in most program curricula. However, the majority of programs reported no opportunities for students to apply the lecture material presented. Clinical evaluation of the fluoride supplement needs of all child patients is recommended. Student experience should be enhanced by the use of simulated experiences, especially in urban dental and dental hygiene programs. The dentist/dental hygienist team approach should be encouraged. PMID- 3162924 TI - A survey of remediation in operative dentistry. PMID- 3162923 TI - Learning self-assessment in preclinical restorative dentistry. PMID- 3162925 TI - A six-year combined B.A./D.D.S. degree curricular program. PMID- 3162926 TI - Advanced general dentistry program. PMID- 3162927 TI - Primary hypothyroidism due to leukemic infiltration of the thyroid gland. AB - We describe a patient with acute B-lymphocyte lymphoblastic leukemia who developed laboratory changes (not detectable free thyroxine, TSH 66 microIU/ml) suggesting severe primary hypothyroidism. Histological examination at autopsy showed massive leukemic infiltration of the thyroid gland: the progressive reduction of thyroid hormone levels with concomitant increase in TSH levels observed over a three-month period from the onset of the hemopathy suggests a cause-effect relationship between leukemic infiltration of the thyroid gland and hypothyroidism. PMID- 3162928 TI - Use of a sensitive neutralization assay to measure the prevalence of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus. PMID- 3162930 TI - Histopathology and x-ray microanalysis of the subcutaneous tissue response to endodontic sealers. PMID- 3162929 TI - The effect of an apical dentin plug in root canal preparation. PMID- 3162931 TI - Cutting efficiency of endodontic instruments. Part III. Comparison of sonic and ultrasonic instrument systems. PMID- 3162932 TI - The bactericidal effect of citric acid and sodium hypochlorite on anaerobic bacteria. PMID- 3162933 TI - Darkfield microscopy as a diagnostic aid in differentiating exudates from endodontic and periodontal abscesses. PMID- 3162935 TI - Maintenance of pulp vitality following surgical removal of a symptomatic cementoma. PMID- 3162934 TI - Retreatodontics and ultrasonics. PMID- 3162936 TI - The detection and treatment of vertical root fractures. PMID- 3162938 TI - Treatment of a maxillary canine with external inflammatory root resorption. PMID- 3162937 TI - A comparison of three methods of cleaning and shaping the root canal in vitro. PMID- 3162939 TI - Endodontic flare-ups: the tape. PMID- 3162940 TI - Instrumentation of curved canals using a modified tipped instrument: a comparison study. PMID- 3162942 TI - The effect of concentrated hydrogen peroxide solutions on the surface morphology of human tooth enamel. PMID- 3162941 TI - Irrigation patterns during ultrasonic canal instrumentation. Part I. K-type files. PMID- 3162943 TI - An analysis of clinical breakage of root canal instruments. PMID- 3162944 TI - Effects of various calcium phosphate biomaterials on reparative dentin bridge formation. PMID- 3162945 TI - Tissue irritating properties of bis-dequalinium acetate solutions for endodontic use. PMID- 3162946 TI - Nasal-apical communication associated with a pulpless tooth. PMID- 3162947 TI - The cheese effect and new reversible MAO-A inhibitors. Proceedings of the round table of the International Conference on New Directions in Affective Disorders, Jerusalem, April 5-9, 1987. PMID- 3162948 TI - The involvement of intestinal monoamine oxidase in the transport and metabolism of tyramine. AB - The monoamine oxidase activities were found to be similar in the crypt and villous cells of the different regions of rat small intestine. In all cases the activity of the A-form of the enzyme constituted more than 70% of the total. A similar proportion of that form of the enzyme was found in homogenates of biopsy samples of human intestine. Studies with everted intestines showed that at concentrations above 10 microM over 70% of tyramine was deaminated during transport and the use of selective inhibitors confirmed the A-form of monoamine oxidase to play the dominant role in that process. PMID- 3162949 TI - Blood pressure response to tyramine-enriched meal before and during MAO inhibition in man: influence of dosage regimen. AB - In an open study oral tyramine in variable doses was administered to six healthy volunteers under three different conditions: 1) without moclobemide, 2) under moclobemide steady-state conditions (3 X 200 mg moclobemide daily) one hour after moclobemide intake and 3) under moclobemide steady-state conditions simultaneously with moclobemide. It was shown that the amount of tyramine effecting 30-50 mmHg systolic blood pressure increase was roughly doubled when moclobemide was administered together with tyramine instead of one hour before tyramine intake. The time interval between tyramine ingestion and maximal blood pressure increase did not differ significantly between conditions 2) and 3). The conclusion of this study is that moclobemide should always be taken at the end of a meal, which is anyway the usual time for drug intake. PMID- 3162950 TI - Potentiation of tyramine pressor responses in conscious rats by reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. AB - Intraperitoneal injection of cimoxatone, moclobemide, amiflamine CGP 11305 A (all 5 mg/kg) increased pressor responses to intravenous tyramine (100 micrograms) in conscious, freely moving rats. Area under mean arterial pressure curve increased by 7.01, 4.28, 5.3 and 3.46 fold respectively. Clorgyline (2 mg/kg) increased area under pressor response curve by 10.4 fold. Tyramine responses returned to normal 24 hours after reversible inhibitors but were still potentiated 24 hours after clorgyline. PMID- 3162951 TI - Cheese effects and new reversible MAO A inhibitors: summary. PMID- 3162952 TI - Tyramine pressor effect in man: studies with moclobemide, a novel, reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor. AB - The pressor effect of tyramine (TYR) administered i.v. and orally was measured in healthy volunteers during treatment with different therapeutic doses of moclobemide, a new, reversible, preferential type A monoamine oxidase inhibitor. With moclobemide 3 X 100 mg/day the systolic blood pressure (SBP) increase produced by TYR administered i.v. was potentiated 2.4-fold and that in response to TYR p.o. in the fasting state was increased 4.1-fold, as determined from equieffective TYR doses before and during moclobemide treatment. Peak concentrations of free TYR in plasma after oral doses of TYR were increased 2.6 fold, and a 2.5-fold smaller plasma TYR concentration produced the same SBP rise as before moclobemide treatment. No SBP increase was observed at plasma TYR concentrations below 20 ng/ml or after p.o. TYR does smaller than 80 mg. The potentiation of the pressor effect of i.v. TYR by single moclobemide doses up to 300 mg had disappeared 24 hrs after moclobemide administration. Peak TYR plasma concentration and concomitant SBP increments were considerably smaller when TYR was administered with a meal than when administered as a bolus with tap water, 2.1 times higher oral TYR doses being required to achieve similar peak TYR plasma concentration as in the fasting condition. The pressor effect of TYR was further, but only slightly, increased during treatment with moclobemide 3 x 200 mg/day, however SBP rises were again significantly smaller when TYR was given together with a meal. In contrast, tranylcypromine produced a 20 to 40-fold potentiation of the pressor effect of oral TYR and this potentiation was only slightly smaller when TYR was given with a meal. In conclusion the potentiation by moclobemide of the pressor response to oral TYR corresponds roughly to a fourfold left shift of the TYR dose-pressor response curve and is about 10 times less marked than after tranylcypromine. In real life situations, the ingestion of TYR in amounts less than 100 mg is highly unlikely to produce a clinically relevant blood pressure elevation. PMID- 3162953 TI - Familial olivopontocerebellar atrophy with neonatal onset: a recessively inherited syndrome with systemic and biochemical abnormalities. AB - Clinical and pathological findings are reported in two siblings who presented in the neonatal period with failure to thrive, hypotonia, pericardial effusions, limitation of joint movement, retinal dystrophy and loss of visual function. Additional features were biochemical evidence of purine overproduction and liver dysfunction. Post mortem, the neuropathological findings in both children were typical of olivopontocerebellar atrophy. It is suggested that the cases represent a recessively inherited inborn error of metabolism. PMID- 3162955 TI - "Hard times" are a great time for making times better. PMID- 3162954 TI - No apparent association between HLA and multiple sclerosis in southern Chinese. AB - HLA-A, -B and -DR antigens have been studied in 34 Chinese patients with multiple sclerosis and 100 normal healthy controls. Unlike patients of other ethnic groups in whom multiple sclerosis is associated with HLA-DR2, there was no obvious association with any HLA antigen in the Chinese patients, although the overall distribution of antigens did not appear typical of the southern Chinese population from which the patients were drawn. PMID- 3162956 TI - Can spouses work together successfully? PMID- 3162957 TI - Cardiac monitoring in the office setting. PMID- 3162958 TI - The changing face of oral and maxillofacial surgery. PMID- 3162959 TI - Complications of TMJ arthroscopy. PMID- 3162960 TI - Open reduction of condylar fractions of the mandible in conjunction with repair of discal injury: a preliminary report. AB - Fractures of the condylar process of the mandible may require open reduction and internal fixation in some instances. In previous reports on the management of such cases, no discussion has focused on the associated soft tissue injuries of the temporomandibular joint. In this article, the authors review their experiences with open reduction of condylar fractures in conjunction with soft tissue reconstruction of the disc and associated structures. PMID- 3162961 TI - A survey of extubation practices following orthognathic surgery. AB - The incidence of respiratory complications following orthognathic surgery was investigated by a survey of 234 private oral and maxillofacial surgeons and residency programs to determine if prolonged postoperative intubation is warranted. The results showed no significant increase in such complications when patients were extubated within 8 hours following surgery compared to longer intubation times. PMID- 3162962 TI - Alterations in nasal respiration and nasal airway size following superior repositioning of the maxilla. AB - Twenty patients who underwent superior repositioning of the maxilla via Le Fort I down fracture had their respiratory mode and nasal cross-sectional area determined prior to and 6 months following surgery. Inductive plethysmography and nasal air flow techniques were used in the determination of these parameters. Prior to surgery, five patients were nasal breathers, five were predominantly nasal breathers, six were oral-nasal breathers, and four were predominantly oral breathers. Nine patients had inadequate nasal airways. Six months following surgery, 14 patients were nasal breathers and six were predominantly nasal breathers. Sixteen patients had adequate nasal airways, three had borderline nasal airways and one had an inadequate nasal airway postsurgically. These findings suggest that superior repositioning of the maxilla by Le Fort I down fracture does not adversely affect nasal respiration. Nasal function actually improved in 17 of the 20 subjects studied. PMID- 3162964 TI - Intraoral manifestations of Sezary's syndrome: report of a case. PMID- 3162963 TI - Arthroscopic diagnosis and surgery of the temporomandibular joint. AB - Arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has advanced to the point that excellent diagnostic examination and a number of surgical procedures can be performed. A refined technique is presented and instrumentation for surgical arthroscopy is discussed. Short-term results are also presented. PMID- 3162965 TI - Craniofacial approach for the reconstruction of severe facial injuries. PMID- 3162966 TI - Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla. PMID- 3162967 TI - The lip lift: an alternative corrective procedure for latrogenic vertical maxillary deficiency: report of a case. PMID- 3162968 TI - Isolated fracture of the hyoid bone: report of a case. PMID- 3162969 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the hard palate mucosa and buccal gingiva associated with AIDS. PMID- 3162970 TI - Neurilemmoma of the mandible. PMID- 3162973 TI - Desquamative gingivitis. PMID- 3162972 TI - Nasonendotracheal tube stabilization appliance. PMID- 3162971 TI - Ameloblastoma presenting as a unilateral nasal obstruction. PMID- 3162974 TI - His calling--meeting their needs. PMID- 3162975 TI - Review of drugs for the treatment of dental pain. PMID- 3162977 TI - Infection control and practice management. PMID- 3162976 TI - Delta Dental. PMID- 3162978 TI - Effects of prostaglandin D2 on pulmonary arterial pressure and oxygenation in newborn infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension. AB - We studied the effects of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) in six newborn infants, 1 to 2 days of age, who had persistent pulmonary hypertension syndrome and a PaO2 less than 75 torr during mechanical hyperventilation with an inspired oxygen concentration of 100%. Tolazoline and dopamine were used to treat some of the patients. No patients had congenital heart disease or sepsis. Catheters were placed to measure pulmonary and systemic arterial blood pressures. PGD2 was infused intravenously at doses of 1 to 25 micrograms/kg/min. Pulmonary and systemic arterial blood pressures, heart rate, and descending aortic blood gas values were measured before each dose change. Only two of six patients had a transient increase in PaO2. All had an increase in heart rate. Two of six patients had an increase in pulmonary arterial blood pressure. No deleterious effects occurred during the infusion. Four of six patients subsequently died. Although PGD2 is a specific pulmonary vasodilator in fetal and newborn animals, it did not lower pulmonary arterial blood pressure nor improve oxygenation in newborn infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension syndrome. PMID- 3162979 TI - Assessment of stress during periodontal surgery with intravenous sedation and with local anesthesia only. AB - Ten patients with moderate to advanced periodontal disease were subjected to two similar periodontal surgical procedures. Each patient received either intravenous conscious sedation with local anesthesia or local anesthesia only. The stress reducing effects of a conscious sedation regimen consisting of pentobarbital, meperidine, and diazepam were evaluated in these patients. Stress was evaluated by monitoring changes in serum cortisol, human growth hormone, and vital signs. Blood samples were obtained at 15- to 30-minute intervals throughout each procedure and were evaluated for serum cortisol and growth hormone. The conscious sedation group had significantly lower serum cortisol levels and lower systolic blood pressure, indicating that the patients having periodontal surgery with conscious sedation experienced reduced stress. Physiologic stability was maintained for each patient, indicating that this conscious sedation regimen can be used to reduce measurable parameters of stress that patients develop during periodontal surgery. PMID- 3162980 TI - Ultrastructural examination of human periodontal pockets following the use of an oral irrigation device in vivo. AB - To date, there are no ultrastructural studies that have examined untreated chronic periodontal pockets immediately following dental debridement with an oral irrigation device. This study used both scanning electron microscopic and transmission electron microscopic methodology to examine previously untreated human periodontal pockets after their exposure to a pulsating oral irrigation with saline solution. A comparison of 16 untreated controls with 16 test specimens revealed qualitative differences in microbial morphotypes at various pocket depths. Control specimens at all pocket depths examined (0-6 mm), exhibited a mixed microbial flora consisting of cocci, short rods, and filamentous organisms. Specifically at 3- to 4-mm and 5- to 6-mm levels in control specimens, spirochetes, fusiforms, and branching organisms were obvious. In contrast, test specimens exhibited a few cocci and short rods at 0- to 2-mm and 3- to 4-mm levels and a mixed flora at the 5- to 6-mm level. There was no observable difference between control and test specimens concerning epithelial topography, cavitations, microulcerations, spatial relationships, and individual cell appearance. Both control and test specimens exhibited a mild spirochete invasion of the epithelial strata. Collectively these observations suggest that pulsating oral irrigation effects a qualitative change on subgingival plaque and is not injurious to the soft tissues. PMID- 3162981 TI - Periodontal disease in sickle cell disease subjects. AB - Various systemic diseases and conditions have been associated with an increase in periodontal disease severity. These studies indicate that host-response mechanisms influence the initiation and/or progression of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Diseases that have been associated with an increased severity of periodontal disease include various neutrophil abnormalities, Down's syndrome, diabetes, and recently, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Sickle cell disease is strongly associated with a predisposition to various infections; therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether sickle cell disease is also associated with an increase in the severity of periodontal disease. A total of 78 patients with sickle cell anemia (SS), hemoglobin SC disease (SC) or S Thalassemia were evaluated blind and compared with an appropriate control population using clinical and radiographic indices of periodontal disease severity. The results clearly indicate that, in this population of patients, sickle cell disease is not associated with increased levels of gingivitis or periodontitis. PMID- 3162983 TI - Refractory periodontitis: mixed infection with Bacteroides gingivalis and other unusual Bacteroides species. A case report. AB - Host immune response and the predominant subgingival microflora were evaluated in a 47-year-old male exhibiting severe, recurrent periodontitis. The patient's neutrophils were chemotactically elevated but other functions were within normal limits. Significantly, Bacteroides gingivalis and Bacteroides zoogleoformans constituted 80% of the cultivable microflora and total cell count in subgingival plaque. The remainder of the cultivable microbiota was comprised of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Haemophillis aprophillis. The present study provides additional evidence for an association between B. gingivalis and severe, recurrent periodontal disease. PMID- 3162982 TI - Initial wound healing attachments to demineralized dentin. AB - This report describes the initial in vivo wound healing response of connective tissue components and cells to demineralized and nondemineralized dentin surfaces. Rectangular dentin specimens were prepared from beneath root surfaces covered by periodontal ligament. One group of six specimens were treated with citric acid, while another six specimens served as untreated controls. Specimens were implanted vertically into the skin of rats such that one end of the implant protruded above the skin. After one day, the implants were removed, and the dentin surface-connective tissue interface was examined using scanning electron microscopic methods. The surface of the nondemineralized dentin implants had the morphological characteristics of a surface smear layer. Cells that were present on these nondemineralized surfaces were rounded in shape with few processes or extensions to the dentin surface or to other cells. The surfaces of the demineralized dentin implants were fibrillar in appearance and were usually covered by a layer that had many globular and fibrillar structures attached. Cells that were present on these demineralized surfaces exhibited marked bipolarity with distinct attachments to the dentin surface. Cell processes often extended into the openings of demineralized dentin tubules. It was concluded that an established cellular and connective tissue response to demineralized dentin occurred within the first 24 hours of wound healing, and that this response differed markedly from that associated with nondermineralized dentin surfaces. PMID- 3162984 TI - Quantitation of phagocytic cells in phenytoin-induced connective tissue proliferation in the rat. AB - This study demonstrates that, in rats, systemically administered phenytoin produces a statistically significant increase in accumulation of phagocytic and esterase positive cells in areas of phenytoin-induced connective tissue proliferation. Many of these cells are perceived to be macrophages. Since macrophages have been shown to produce chemoattractant and mitogens for fibroblasts, they may very well play a major role in the gingival hyperplasia seen in patients taking phenytoin. The results of the study show that the effects of phenytoin on fibroblasts may be more complex than previously thought. PMID- 3162985 TI - Presidential address. PMID- 3162986 TI - The patient is statistically the appropriate unit for periodontal study. PMID- 3162987 TI - Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor causes long-lasting and prostaglandin mediated fever, with little tolerance, in rabbits. AB - The pyrogenic properties of high purified recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rHu-TNF) were investigated in rabbits. rHu-TNF produced a clear biphasic fever reaching maximal values at 1 and 5 hr after bolus i.v. injections of 10 and 33 micrograms/kg; the initial febrile response was short-lasting, and not dose related, but the second one was dose-related and lasted for 10 hr or more. The febrile response to rHu-TNF, unlike lipopolysaccharide, did not decrease after a single or two consecutive doses. A significant reduction in the febrile response, however, was seen after four consecutive doses starting from 7 days after the second dose; the febrile response 3 hr after rHu-TNF was much smaller, but the first peak was hardly smaller. Low anti-rHu-TNF levels were found in serum of rabbits treated repeatedly with rHu-TNF, suggesting that antibody production against rHu-TNF is not responsible for the tolerance formation although it may make some contribution. There was no cross-tolerance between rHu-TNF and lipopolysaccharide. On the other hand, the febrile response to rHu-TNF (33 micrograms/kg i.v.) was inhibited partially or completely blocked by i.v. administration of cyclooxygenase inhibitors or dexamethasone. rHu-TNF produced a marked increase in the cerebrospinal fluid prostaglandin E2 level after bolus i.v. injection. A significant level of rHu-TNF (1.6 and 6.4% of that in serum) was found in cerebrospinal fluid after bolus i.v. injection of 33 and 1000 micrograms/kg, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3162988 TI - Wear rates of composites, an amalgam, and enamel under stress-bearing conditions. AB - This article describes an in vitro technique that, within in a few days, can predict the long-term occlusal wear of composites. The laboratory data of our study and the clinical observations of various authors correlate well. For 19 different products, the wear relative to an amalgam under stress-bearing conditions is given within statistically justified boundaries. PMID- 3162989 TI - Temperature rise produced by various visible light generators through dentinal barriers. AB - This study evaluated and compared the heat generated by seven brands of light curing units by measuring the temperature elevation from the ambient temperature through the use of a digital thermocouple-thermometer with a needle probe placed at three locations in the dentin. The results of this study indicated a wide range of differences in temperature rise among the tested light-curing units. In all three locations of probe placement, the Translux unit produced the least temperature elevation. PMID- 3162991 TI - Condylar and incisal border movements: a comparative study of complete denture wearers and natural dentition subjects. PMID- 3162990 TI - Evaluation of the retention of endodontic implants. AB - The study investigated the retentive strength of endodontic implants measured by forced removal (pull-out or push-out tests) as a function of implant design and cement type. Smooth-tapered, threaded, and an innovative porous-surfaced implant were evaluated. Specimens were cemented in single-rooted human teeth with five different cements: zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate, glass ionomer, silicophosphate, or AH-26. The results indicated superior retention for the threaded and porous-surfaced implants, and stronger retention with glass-ionomer and AH-26 cements. PMID- 3162993 TI - Occlusal equilibration and other stomatognathic treatment in patients with mandibular dysfunction and headache. AB - Thirty patients with craniomandibular disorders and headache were randomly divided into two groups. One received occlusal equilibration (O group) and the other (S group) routine stomatognathic treatment, including an occlusal splint. The outcome of treatment was evaluated by means of a questionnaire, visual analogue scales, and clinical examination. In both groups, the patients reported reduction of symptoms, but the clinical dysfunction score used was significantly diminished only in the S group. A combined treatment regimen, including an occlusal splint, was more effective than occlusal adjustment alone, especially with regard to clinical signs of dysfunction. PMID- 3162992 TI - Optimum placement of osseointegrated implants. AB - A method was described that includes a stent provided by the restorative dentist indicating optimum implant location. The stent, with imbedded metal bearings, is worn by the patient during tomographic radiographic survey. The tomogram provides a more accurate image of the quantity and quality of the osseous structures. The same template may be used as a surgical stent to aid the surgeon in initial bur placement. Through careful planning and systematic control, the predictable placement of osseointegrated implants can be achieved. With cooperative efforts of restorative dentists and surgeons, more than 400 implants have been successfully placed at University of California, Los Angeles, School of Dentistry. PMID- 3162994 TI - Temporomandibular disorders. Part III: Occlusal and articular factors associated with muscle tenderness. AB - Two complete classes of freshman dental and dental hygiene students, 120 men and 102 women (mean age 23.9 years), were assessed for the presence of masticatory pain or dysfunction by questionnaire, clinical examination, and evaluation of dental casts. The purpose of these examinations was to determine potential relationships between clinical muscle tenderness, occlusal relationships, and signs of TMJ dysfunction. Awareness of muscle tenderness increased with the number of muscle sites involved (p less than or equal to .025) but 80% of clinically tender subjects were unaware of any tenderness (p less than or equal to .01). In comparison, subjects with generalized clinical muscle tenderness more often reported TMJ clicking that was not verified at the time of clinical examination (p less than or equal to .001). Occlusal factors, except in highly selective categories, were not associated with muscle tenderness. All subjects with moderate or severe TMJ tenderness had clinically tender muscle sites, whereas subjects with generalized muscle tenderness (greater than or equal to 4 sites) had more severe TMJ tenderness (p less than or equal to .01). Subjects with localized (p less than .05) or generalized muscle tenderness (p less than .05) had more TMJ clicking than those without muscle tenderness. TMJ clicking was reported more commonly than muscle pain among subjects who were clinically determined to have both muscle tenderness and TMJ clicking (p less than or equal to .001). TMJ dysfunction was verified more often in subjects with more localized muscle tenderness (p less than or equal to .025). Although occlusal factors were not good predictors of muscle tenderness, intracapsular signs of TMJ disorders and muscle tenderness were often associated. PMID- 3162995 TI - Initial studies of a new assessment method for temporomandibular joint disorders. PMID- 3162996 TI - Anatomic relations of the medial aspect of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 3162997 TI - Evaluation of a digitizer and computer system designed to analyze articulator generated occlusal tracings. AB - Occlusal tracings generated on a Denar fully adjustable articulator were photographed, projected, digitized, and stored in a computer data file. These steps were accomplished with sufficient accuracy for clinical analysis. This study demonstrated that appropriately referenced tracing data can be transferred accurately into a machine-readable form. Studies of pantographic tracings for mandibular movements are facilitated by this convenient and accurate method of handling data. PMID- 3162998 TI - Corrosion of dental burs in sterilizing and disinfecting solutions. AB - Potentiodynamic anodic polarization, SEM, and energy dispersive microanalysis techniques were used to determine electrochemical aggressiveness of disinfecting and sterilizing solutions on carbide and stainless steel burs. The importance of galvanic cell formation in carbide burs caused by mixed metal coupling was examined. The following conclusions were reached. 1. Anodic polarization methods are an effective means for discriminating among the relative corrosiveness of sterilizing and disinfecting agents on dental instruments, particularly dental burs. 2. The relative degree of corrosiveness on stainless steel burs shows Omni II and Omnicide solutions the best, Sterall and Sporicidin solutions the poorest, and Glutarex solution intermediate. Omnicide and Glutarex solutions show the least degree of corrosiveness on the carbide burs. 3. SEM analysis of ground, polished, and treated surfaces shows corrosion deposition over the soldered joint of the carbide burs. The stainless steel shank is a cathodic component of a three way galvanic cell, whereas the silver soldered joint is an anodic component. PMID- 3163000 TI - Effects of progesterone and oestradiol-17 beta on oxytocin-induced release of prostaglandin F-2 alpha in heifers. AB - Seven bilaterally ovariectomized heifers were used in 4 experiments and received: (1) saline injections, as control; (2) one injection of oestradiol (3 mg; i.v.); (3) two i.v. injections of oxytocin (100 i.u.) 6 h apart; or (4) one oestradiol injection 30 min after the first oxytocin injection and a second oxytocin injection 6 h later. All experiments were performed without progesterone and then after 7, 14 and 21 days of progesterone treatment. Frequent blood samples were taken for 1 h before and 7 h after the first injection of oxytocin or oestradiol for the measurement of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF-2 alpha (PGFM) by radioimmunoassay. After 7, 14 and 21 days of progesterone priming, oestradiol caused a significant increase (P less than 0.001) in plasma PGFM after 6 h but not before. After 7, 14 and 21 days of progesterone, there was a significant increase (P less than 0.005) in PGFM after the first oxytocin injection and a similar increase following the second. The oxytocin-induced increase in PGFM after 14 and 21 days of progesterone was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) 6 h after oestradiol injection than before the oestradiol injection. There was no significant effect of oestradiol on the response to oxytocin in animals that received no progesterone or in those animals that received progesterone for only 7 days. These results show that, under the influence of progesterone, oestradiol enhances the oxytocin-induced release of PGF-2 alpha, and suggest a possible synergistic action of these hormones for the induction of luteolysis in heifers. PMID- 3163001 TI - Macrophages, lymphocytes and MHC II antigen in the ram and the rat testis. AB - Macrophages and various subtypes of lymphocytes were identified in the ram and the rat testis by using cytochemical and immunocytochemical techniques. Large and round acid phosphatase-positive cells, notably macrophages, were observed in the rat testis. These cells were absent in the ram testis. Small, elongated cells exhibiting acid phosphatase activity were observed in the testis of both species. The rat testicular interstitium contained 7.7 times as many acid phosphatase positive cell profiles/surface area unit as did the ram testicular interstitium. T lymphocytes were only occasionally seen in the testis of rat and ram. B lymphocytes were not found in the ram. None of the cell types studies was found in the germinal epithelium. PMID- 3162999 TI - [Malignant bone tumors in children. Is there still a role for arteriography?]. AB - The authors have studied retrospectively 32 children with malignant bone tumor. All patients underwent conventional arteriography just before surgery. Distal foci of hypervascularisation and venous thrombosis, not seen at CT, may alter surgical treatment. When large extension to soft tissues is present, the arteriography remains unchallenged to evaluate the venous involvement. PMID- 3163002 TI - Angiogenic activity of bovine corpora lutea at several stages of luteal development. AB - Samples from corpus haemorrhagicum, mid-cycle corpus luteum (CL) and late-cycle CL were tested for their abilities to stimulate neovascularization of chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) of developing chicks. Responses were graded from 0 to 4 (4 being the greatest response). Luteal tissue implants from each stage of the oestrous cycle stimulated growth of CAM blood vessels, and vascular responses increased with age of CL. Implants from late-cycle CL were typically graded 3 or 4. Luteal tissues from several stages of development were also incubated for 6 h in serum-free medium containing no hormone, LH, PGF-2 alpha or both hormones. Media conditioned by luteal tissues were assayed for progesterone and tested for their ability to stimulate mitogenesis and migration of bovine aortic endothelial cells in vitro. All media conditioned by luteal tissues stimulated mitogenesis and migration of endothelial cells, but media from late-cycle CL exhibited the greatest activity. Luteinizing hormone significantly increased in-vitro secretion of a factor(s) that stimulated migration of endothelial cells. PGF-2 alpha alone had no effect on production of endothelial cell mitogen or migration-stimulating factor(s) from luteal incubations; however, the ability of LH to enhance secretion of the migration-stimulating factor(s) was blocked by PGF-2 alpha. This study demonstrates that angiogenic activity of bovine luteal tissues increases with age of the CL and in-vitro secretion of angiogenic factor is responsive to hormones known to regulate luteal function. PMID- 3163004 TI - Understanding the one-write accounts receivable system. PMID- 3163005 TI - A dentist's guide to contracting. PMID- 3163003 TI - Control of progesterone production in small and large bovine luteal cells separated by flow cytometry. AB - Corpora lutea were collected from Holstein heifers on Days 10 and 12 of the oestrous cycle and the cells were dispersed with collagenase. The dispersed cells were separated into preparations of highly purified (90-99%) small (less than 20 microns) and large (greater than 25 microns) luteal cells by unit gravity sedimentation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Net progesterone accumulation by 1 x 10(5) small cells and 1 x 10(3) large cells during 2 and 4 h incubations, respectively, were measured after additions of LH, PGF-2 alpha, and phorbol esters, alone and in combination. Progesterone synthesis was increased (P less than 0.05) by phorbol dibutyrate (PBt2) or PGF-2 alpha (P less than 0.05) in small, but not in large, luteal cells (10.1 +/- 3.0 and 18.1 +/- 5.0 ng/10(5) cells for 0 and 50 nM-PBt2, and 19.9 +/- 3.2 and 44.2 +/- 9.3 ng/10(5) cells for 0 and 1 microgram PGF-2 alpha/ml). The previously reported stimulatory effects of PKC activation and PGF-2 alpha addition to total dispersed cell preparations are therefore entirely attributable to the small, theca-derived cells. Small cells responded to low levels of LH (9.1 +/- 1.1, 69.0 +/- 5.4 and 154.7 +/- 41.4 ng/10(5) cells for 0, 1 and 5 ng LH/ml, respectively, P less than 0.05), while large cells responded only to high levels of LH (1635 +/- 318, 2662 +/- 459 and 3386 +/- 335 pg/10(3) cells for 0, 100 and 1000 ng LH/ml, respectively, P less than 0.05). PGF-2 alpha inhibited LH-, 8-Br-cAMP- and forskolin-stimulated progesterone synthesis in the large cells (3052 +/- 380, 3498 +/- 418, 3202 +/- 391 pg/10(3) cells for 1 microgram LH/ml, and 0.5 mM-8-Br-cAMP, and 1 microM forskolin respectively and 1750 +/- 487, 2255 +/- 468, 2165 +/- 442 pg/10(3) cells for PGF-2 alpha + LH, PGF-2 alpha + 8-Br-cAMP and PGF-2 alpha + forskolin, respectively), indicating that the inhibitory effect of PGF-2 alpha on progesterone synthesis in large cells occurs at a site distal to cAMP generation. These results suggest that the large cells are the targets of the luteolytic effects of PGF-2 alpha, while the small cells are responsible for the previously reported luteotrophic effect of PGF-2 alpha in vitro. PMID- 3163007 TI - Specialty advertising by general dentists. PMID- 3163006 TI - Posterior support in oral rehabilitation. PMID- 3163009 TI - [Study on intracranial migration of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in mice]. PMID- 3163008 TI - [An orthopaedic study of frozen shoulder]. PMID- 3163010 TI - [A feedback control system for lower limb loading]. PMID- 3163011 TI - [An evaluation of the lactate dehydrogenase activity in gingival crevicular fluid of patient with periodontitis]. PMID- 3163012 TI - Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma presented with Brown-Sequard syndrome: a case report. PMID- 3163013 TI - [Test anxiety and internal dialogue analysis]. PMID- 3163014 TI - [Neuroelectrophysiological study serves as an indicator of neuromuscular changes in treating hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3163015 TI - Arrhythmias in patients with mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 3163016 TI - [Clinical study of Pm gastric cancer compared to serosal gastric cancer]. PMID- 3163017 TI - [Diagnostic intracorporeal papaverine injection]. PMID- 3163018 TI - [A clinical and histopathological study of oral verrucous carcinoma]. PMID- 3163019 TI - [A comparative study of the religiosity of students in Japan and Taiwan]. PMID- 3163021 TI - Use of fine needle aspiration cytology for the diagnosis of testicular relapse in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - The testis frequently is the site of relapse in male patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. While many patients with testicular involvement by acute lymphoblastic leukemia have enlarged or firm testes, clinical examination alone is insufficient to establish or exclude the diagnosis completely. Open biopsy generally has been used to document the presence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, this procedure requires general anesthesia and hospitalization. We studied 11 patients with a history and/or physical findings suspicious for testicular acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse to determine the efficacy of fine needle aspiration cytology in the evaluation of the testes for leukemic infiltration. Of the 11 patients fine needle aspiration cytology correctly identified all 5 patients with histologically proved testicular acute lymphoblastic leukemia, it was negative in 5 with no histological evidence of leukemia and it demonstrated rare atypical cells that were not evident on subsequent histological examination in 1. No adverse effects were encountered in this series. Fine needle aspiration cytology appears to be a safe, reproducible alternative to open biopsy in the evaluation of patients for testicular relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3163020 TI - [An analysis of the efficacy of measles vaccination]. PMID- 3163022 TI - The importance of marker chromosomes in superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: 50 patients followed up to 17 years. AB - Several tenets based on cytogenetic analysis have been developed for noninvasive and submucosal invasive carcinoma of the bladder. In noninvasive carcinoma absence of marker chromosomes (abnormal morphological forms) forecasts a 90 per cent post-resection cure. In submucosal invasive carcinoma marker chromosomes are valuable prognostic aids. Original marker chromosomes are neither replaced nor supplemented by a different marker in recurrences. To test these tenets the cytogenetics of 50 selected carcinomas of the bladder (37 noninvasive and 13 submucosal invasive) from patients followed for up to 17 years from 1968 through 1985 were tabulated. In noninvasive carcinoma absence of markers, prognostic of long-term remission, does not rule out ultimate recurrence. In submucosal invasive carcinoma the markers, commonly present, only confirm the prognosis inherent in histopathology. In recurrences the original marker chromosomes are commonly repeated but they may be added to or replaced. PMID- 3163023 TI - Effect of emulsions of medium and long chain triglyceride on human adipose tissue prostaglandin production in vitro. AB - Preliminary in vitro studies have been performed to assess the effect of experimental lipid emulsions of varying fatty acid composition on human adipose tissue metabolism. Subcutaneous human adipose tissue was obtained during elective surgery and placed in tissue culture. Physical mixtures of long chain triglyceride (LCT) and/or medium chain triglyceride (MCT) were added to the tissue culture medium so that the final concentration was 400 mg/dl. After a 3 day incubation period the tissue was harvested, placed in buffer and used to determine in vitro production of the prostaglandins prostacyclin I2 (measured as its stable endproduct 6-keto PGF1 alpha), thromboxane A2 (measured as TXB2), and prostaglandin E2. Measurements of the fatty acid profile found in the neutral- and phospholipid fraction of the adipose tissue and fat cell size were also made. The results demonstrate that samples incubated in 100% MCT had the most significant increase in prostaglandin production whereas those incubated in 100% LCT had the most significant decrease in activity of the three prostaglandins assayed, when compared to controls. The addition of LCT to MCT caused a dose related decrease in adipose tissue prostaglandin production. There were no significant changes in the profile of fatty acids found in the neutral- or phospholipid fraction of adipose tissue. The results indicate that the relative level of MCT/LCT incubated with human adipose tissue has a significant effect on prostaglandin production. PMID- 3163024 TI - An extraskeletal osteosarcoma in an aged rat. PMID- 3163025 TI - Contemporary management of renal failure. Marrakech, Morocco, November 10-16, 1985. Proceedings. PMID- 3163026 TI - Pericarditis. PMID- 3163027 TI - Dialysis of the future. PMID- 3163028 TI - Of time, TACurea, and treatment schedules. PMID- 3163029 TI - Definitions of differences and changes in peritoneal membrane transport properties. PMID- 3163030 TI - Evaluation of protein loss during hemofiltration. PMID- 3163031 TI - Acid-base status and dialysis symptoms in different forms of renal replacement therapy. PMID- 3163032 TI - Bicarbonate kinetics during biofiltration. PMID- 3163033 TI - Hypertonic hemodiafiltration: a preliminary report on a cross-over study. PMID- 3163034 TI - Multiple use of the AN 69 membrane in hemodiafiltration: preliminary clinical experience. PMID- 3163035 TI - Daily dialysis: long-term clinical metabolic results. PMID- 3163036 TI - Biofiltration in uremia. PMID- 3163037 TI - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration with AN69S membrane; procedures and experience. PMID- 3163038 TI - Pump assisted continuous venovenous hemofiltration for treating acute uremia. PMID- 3163039 TI - Continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis. PMID- 3163040 TI - Aluminum load and histological bone disease in hemofiltration and hemodialysis. PMID- 3163041 TI - Aluminum removal: AN69-S membrane versus a combined cuprophane and charcoal filter. PMID- 3163042 TI - Aluminum and phosphate. PMID- 3163043 TI - 1 alpha(OH) vitamin D3 increases plasma aluminum in hemodialyzed patients taking Al(OH)3. PMID- 3163044 TI - Preventing renal bone disease in moderate renal failure with CaCO3 and 25(OH) vitamin D3. PMID- 3163045 TI - Renal failure patients: our perception of their psychological symptoms. PMID- 3163046 TI - Removal of phosphate either by bicarbonate dialysis or biofiltration in uremics. PMID- 3163047 TI - Calcium carbonate: a suitable alternative to aluminum hydroxide as phosphate binder. PMID- 3163048 TI - Biocompatible membranes and hemodynamic tolerance to hemodialysis. PMID- 3163049 TI - Dialysis related amyloidosis. PMID- 3163050 TI - Capsulo synovial and bone amyloidosis: biocompatibility phenomenon of hemodialysis? PMID- 3163051 TI - Comparison of membranes used in the treatment of end-stage renal failure. PMID- 3163052 TI - Cell electrophoretic investigations of lymphoid cells after in vivo contact with dialysis membranes. PMID- 3163053 TI - Performance of cuprophane and polyacrylonitrile dialyzers during multiple use. PMID- 3163054 TI - Ethylene oxide and hypersensitivity reactions in patients on hemodialysis. PMID- 3163056 TI - Membrane-related eosinophilia in hemodialysis. PMID- 3163057 TI - Extracorporeal thromboxane release and the morphological structure of artificial membrane after blood exposure. PMID- 3163058 TI - Stimulation of platelet lipoxygenase during hemodialysis. PMID- 3163055 TI - Granulocyte adherence changes: an index of biocompatibility. PMID- 3163059 TI - Release of eicosanoids from blood cells during contact with dialyzer membranes. PMID- 3163060 TI - Sensitivity to heparin anticoagulant response in eosinophilic patients. PMID- 3163061 TI - Acute effect of hemodialysis on neutrophil migration: impact on humoral and cellular function. PMID- 3163062 TI - Effect of different dialyzer membranes on plasma levels of granulocyte elastase. PMID- 3163064 TI - [Characteristics of neurohumoral regulation of the gastrointestinal tract in aging]. PMID- 3163063 TI - [Clinical characterization of essential thrombocythemia in comparison with other myeloproliferative diseases and reactive thrombocytoses]. AB - 60 patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) have been retrospectively and prospectively followed from 1974 through 1987. The presenting signs and symptoms and the course of the disease were analyzed and compared to 10 patients with persisting reactive thrombocytosis selected from 6,000 patients with reactive thrombocytosis and to 50 patients with other myeloproliferative diseases. 54 ET patients presented with complications, 46 with thrombembolic, 3 with hemorrhagic problems and 5 with thrombembolic and hemorrhagic problems. In 6 patients ET was detected accidentally. Disturbances of the microcirculation, mainly of the fingers and the toes, were the most frequent symptom. The average maximal platelet count was 1,207,000/microliter. The average platelet count at diagnosis was 880,000/microliter. 16 patients had an elevation of the serum creatinine at diagnosis, which deteriorated during the course of the disease. Bone marrow examinations were performed in 56 patients, histology in 48 patients, cytology in 29 patients. In contrast to the clinical diagnosis the histological diagnosis was in 4 cases each polycythemia vera and myeloproliferative syndrome without further specification. 12 patients died thus far. The causes of death were thrombembolic complications in 9, acute leukemia in 2 patients, in 1 patient the cause of death is not known. 10 years after diagnosis 61% of the patients are still alive. It appears that ET is a more important risk factor for the disturbances of the micro and macrocirculation than has been recognized until now. ET is, if thrombembolic complications are avoided, a disease with a relatively benign course. PMID- 3163066 TI - Restoring facial appearance using osseointegrated dental (Branemark) implants. PMID- 3163065 TI - Utilization, effectiveness and professional acceptability of marketing activities in dentistry. PMID- 3163067 TI - Utilization of the LeFort I osteotomy for correction of multiple cleft deformities. PMID- 3163068 TI - Ultrasonics and sonics: the wave of the future in endodontics? PMID- 3163069 TI - 17th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Growth inhibitory and cytotoxic polypeptides. PMID- 3163070 TI - 17th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Mechanisms and consequences of DNA damage. PMID- 3163071 TI - 17th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Oxy-radicals in molecular biology and pathology. PMID- 3163072 TI - 17th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Technological advances in vaccine development. PMID- 3163073 TI - 17th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Gene transfer and gene therapy. PMID- 3163074 TI - 17th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Molecular biology of the eye: genes, vision and ocular diseases. PMID- 3163075 TI - 17th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Liposomes in the therapy of infectious diseases and cancer. PMID- 3163076 TI - 17th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Synthetic peptides: approaches to biological problems. PMID- 3163077 TI - Daunorubicin or doxorubicin in acute myelogenous leukemia? PMID- 3163078 TI - Isochromosome 17q in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an adverse cytogenetic feature in association with hyperdiploidy? AB - Isochromosome 17q is associated with the blastic phase of Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia, but its significance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is unknown. We studied 469 consecutive cases of newly diagnosed ALL with completely banded leukemic cell chromosomes, identifying eight that had the isochromosome. The presenting leukocyte counts of these patients ranged from 1.7 to 130.2 x 10(9)/L (median 7 x 10(9)/L). The morphologic classification of their blast cells was L1 in six cases and L2 in the others; the majority of cases had the common ALL phenotype, whereas two were pre-B. Strikingly, hyperdiploidy greater than 50 chromosomes, a favorable prognostic feature in ALL, characterized all but one of the cases with i(17q), compared with 113 of 461 cases lacking the isochromosome (p less than 0.001). Only four patients, three with relatively brief follow-up times (1, 2, and 8 months), are still in remission. All of the eight previously reported cases of ALL with the i(17q) have failed treatment. These findings suggest that the i(17q) exerts an adverse influence on treatment outcome in ALL, even in hyperdiploid cases with greater than 50 chromosomes. PMID- 3163079 TI - Dinaline: a new oral drug against leukemia? Preclinical studies in a relevant rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia (BNML). AB - The efficacy and toxicity of Dinaline (GOE 1734; PD 104 208; NSC 328786; 4-amino N-(2'-aminophenyl)benzamide) was evaluated in the Brown Norway acute myelocytic leukemia, which is generally accepted as a relevant preclinical model for human acute myelocytic leukemia. Upon repeated daily oral administration at least an 8 log leukemic cell kill was achieved with only less than a 1 log kill for normal pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells. Daily split-dose treatment even proved to be more effective and resulted in 40-50% cures. However, toxicity was also more pronounced in particular in regard to the gastrointestinal tract. So far, the mode of action of Dinaline is unknown, but its striking therapeutic index warrants further clinical investigation. PMID- 3163082 TI - Extra! Extra! Read all about it! Writing a readable press release. PMID- 3163081 TI - Reply to M. F. Greaves "Speculations on the cause of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia". PMID- 3163080 TI - Two human leukemic T cell lines with a t(8;14)(q24;q11) translocation (KE-37R and SKW3 cells) may have a common origin. PMID- 3163083 TI - Dental Board, MDA Board of Trustees reach compromise on proposed legislation. PMID- 3163084 TI - Successful restorative dentistry for the internal derangement patient. Part II: Occlusal scheme, vertical dimension and occlusal table. PMID- 3163086 TI - Write yourself a letter... PMID- 3163085 TI - SELECT program sets goal to attract quality students to dentistry. PMID- 3163087 TI - New immigration act explained. PMID- 3163088 TI - What can the Bureau of Dental Health do for you? PMID- 3163089 TI - Arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 3163090 TI - [Determination of the mean effective power of the 904-nm IR laser]. PMID- 3163092 TI - [The laser in dentistry. Its classification and general remarks]. PMID- 3163091 TI - [Determination of the coefficient of enamel absorption of the radiation emitted by a He-Ne laser]. PMID- 3163093 TI - [Treatment of mandibular fractures with plate osteosynthesis alone without intermaxillary blocking]. PMID- 3163094 TI - [Anatomico-clinical and etiopathogenetic observations on the relations between uveitis and apical granuloma. A case study]. PMID- 3163095 TI - [Epidemiological study of the dental characteristics of a sample of a nomadic pediatric population]. PMID- 3163096 TI - [Tissue response in injured teeth undergoing various treatments. A clinical case report and considerations on the healing mechanisms]. PMID- 3163097 TI - [Esthetic rehabilitation of dental anomalies. Report on 2 treated cases]. PMID- 3163098 TI - [Healing of radicular cysts. 4. Report on 2 of the authors' clinical cases]. PMID- 3163099 TI - Interactions of lymphoid cells with the epithelial environment. PMID- 3163100 TI - Clonal chromosomal abnormalities showing multiple-cell-lineage involvement in acute myeloid leukemia. AB - To determine whether one or more hematopoietic-cell lineages are involved in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we designed a technique that simultaneously identifies a cell as malignant and determines its lineage. We used numerical clonal chromosomal abnormalities, which are readily detected, to indicate neoplasia, and monoclonal antibodies in an alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase detection procedure to identify lineages as granulocytic-monocytic, erythrocytic, or megakaryocytic. Examination of bone marrow from 12 patients with AML showed metaphases of granulocytic-monocytic lineage with abnormal karyotypes in all patients. In seven patients, we also detected abnormal karyotypes in the erythrocytic or megakaryocytic lineage. In all four patients with monosomy 7, both granulocytic-monocytic and erythrocytic cells were affected. Two of four patients with trisomy 8 also had evidence of multiple-lineage involvement, but in two the erythrocytic lineage had normal karyotypes, suggesting an origin at a progenitor-cell stage committed to granulocytic-monocytic development. Multiple lineage involvement was found in AML both arising de novo (four of five analyzable cases) and following another cancer (three of four analyzable cases). These data demonstrate multiple-lineage involvement in a high proportion of cases of AML and suggest that many cases originate from the multipotent hematopoietic cell or from an earlier progenitor cell. PMID- 3163102 TI - Overdose of zidovudine. PMID- 3163101 TI - Clinical importance of HIV antigen and anti-HIV core markers in persons infected with HIV. PMID- 3163103 TI - Gemfibrozil and coronary heart disease. PMID- 3163104 TI - Charges in environmental release laws possible. PMID- 3163105 TI - [Combined chemotherapy with cisplatin and aclarubicin hydrochloride for metastatic brain tumors]. AB - Thirteen patients with metastatic brain tumors were treated by combined chemotherapy with cisplatin and aclarubicin hydrochloride. Initial response to this therapy was evaluated by the changes of tumor size on CT scan and clinical state during and after the treatment. The side effects and the causes of death were also studied. Nine cases demonstrated complete remission and 3 cases revealed partial response on CT scan. In short, over all response rate was 92%. Clinical state evaluated by Karnofsky scale was improved in 9 out of 13 cases. As the side effects, there were mild myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting, which didn't persist for a long time. The cause of death was mainly due to recurrence of primary lesion. The tissue concentration of aclarubicin hydrochloride was measured in 6 patients, of which mean value was 0.558 microgram/g at 15 min. The concentration was thought high enough to kill tumor cells. PMID- 3163106 TI - High-protein feeding in an infant with Pompe's disease. PMID- 3163108 TI - AZT helpful in HIV infection. PMID- 3163107 TI - Drug interaction between warfarin and enoxacin. PMID- 3163109 TI - Is DSSNY ethical behavior declining? A report. PMID- 3163110 TI - Golf and dentistry in Scotland. PMID- 3163111 TI - Diastema correction sans orthodontic treatment. PMID- 3163113 TI - More on waste disposal. PMID- 3163112 TI - Choosing the right computer. PMID- 3163114 TI - A conversation with ODA President Dr. Robert C. Hinkle. PMID- 3163115 TI - Nothing new under the sun (except the infection control rules) PMID- 3163116 TI - Low risk investment strategy for 1988. PMID- 3163118 TI - Elderly deserve dental plan. PMID- 3163117 TI - Empathy conquers dental phobias. PMID- 3163119 TI - The road to success. PMID- 3163120 TI - Setting a standard: the making of the fee guide. PMID- 3163121 TI - Modern dentistry for seniors. New directions in implant technology. PMID- 3163122 TI - Managing your cash in the short-term. PMID- 3163123 TI - The challenge of change. PMID- 3163124 TI - Practice management. Making the right choice. PMID- 3163125 TI - Finding your way through the maze. PMID- 3163126 TI - Harmful vapors in the office. PMID- 3163127 TI - Breaking the cycle. PMID- 3163128 TI - Do hygienists really want independent practice? PMID- 3163129 TI - Long-term evaluation of human teeth after Le Fort I osteotomy: a histologic and developmental study. AB - Transient pulpal vascular ischemia and direct injury to the apices of the teeth have been implicated as the causes of degenerative and atrophic pulpal changes in experimental animals after Le Fort I osteotomy despite the presence of collateral circulation. The long-term clinical effect of these pathologic changes in human teeth has not been studied. Seventeen maxillary third molar teeth from 10 patients whose postsurgical follow-up ranged from 6 months to 78 months (mean, 40 months) were extracted. The long-term biologic effects of Le Fort I osteotomy on the pulp and on the development of teeth were retrospectively evaluated with clinical and standard histologic techniques. Normal teeth from patients who were not operated on were used as controls. Histologic examination revealed an intact pulpal circulation and minimal pathologic changes in the pulpal tissue. Clinical and radiographic studies showed that the growing teeth developed normally after surgery. The Le Fort I downfracture procedure had little discernible long-term effect on the pulp and on the development of human third molar teeth. PMID- 3163131 TI - Needle tract infection. A case report. AB - When local anesthetic agents are injected through the integument of the body, surface microorganisms may be introduced into the underlying tissues. Pathogenic microorganisms of the oral cavity, for example, may be introduced by the injection needle into deeper tissue. A case of needle tract infection was documented and is presented in this article. PMID- 3163130 TI - Extraction of the third molar and patient satisfaction. AB - Patient satisfaction is an important outcome measure of health care. This study was designed to evaluate patient satisfaction with extraction of the third molar in relation to certain criteria involving structure, process, and outcome. A 16 item patient-satisfaction questionnaire was developed and mailed to 262 patients who had third molars extracted in a university-based clinical department during an 18-month period. The returned questionnaires were subjected to a factor analysis by means of the varimax method; the analysis yielded three "clusters" that we labeled "general satisfaction," "interpersonal satisfaction," and "satisfaction with cost." Two-tailed Student's t tests were used to relate the clinical data to each area of satisfaction. There were a total of six statistically significant interactions in the data matrix at the 0.05 level. Three of these pertained to general satisfaction and three to interpersonal satisfaction. The methods used in this study can be used to relate components of patient satisfaction to elements of dental care. PMID- 3163132 TI - The prevalence of AIDS-associated oral lesions in a cohort of patients with hemophilia. AB - Oral and perioral lesions have been widely reported in homosexual males and intravenous drug abusers who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Several case reports have also noted some AIDS-associated lesions among persons with hemophilia, but the prevalence of these lesions in hemophilia populations is not known. This study investigated the prevalence of oral and perioral lesions in a cohort of patients receiving care at a hemophilia treatment center. In a sample of 32 patients with a factor VIII deficiency and 5 patients with a factor IX deficiency who underwent oral examinations, more than 80% were HIV seropositive. Cervical lymphadenopathy was present in more than half of the patients who were HIV seropositive but was absent in those who were HIV seronegative. Intraoral AIDS-associated lesions were present only in patients for whom a diagnosis of AIDS had been made, indicating that oral lesions among persons with hemophilia who are HIV seropositive may be less prevalent than among homosexual males or intravenous drug abusers who are HIV seropositive. PMID- 3163133 TI - Changes in the oral microflora in patients with acute leukemia and related disorders during the period of induction therapy. AB - The present study reports changes occurring within the oral microflora in 20 patients with leukemia during and after the period of high-dose cytotoxic therapy. The relationship between the presence of enterobacteria, yeast cells, and staphylococci and the occurrence of oral ulcers/angular cheilitis was also studied. To make a comparison, three groups of patients without malignant disorders (acute disorders, long-term hospitalization, antibiotic treatment) were also studied. The total number of salivary microorganisms remained unchanged during the period. Fourteen of twenty patients with leukemia harbored enterobacteria on at least one occasion. No differences were found in the number of enterobacteria before, during, and after treatment with cytotoxic or antimicrobial drugs. Enterobacteria were also found in the reference group with long-term hospitalization, but seldom in the other reference groups. Staphylococci and lactobacilli were present in all patients in the leukemia group and in the majority in the reference groups. Yeast cells were found in 80% of the patients with leukemia. Patients with ulcers and/or angular cheilitis had higher numbers of yeast cells than the other patients. There was no relationship between enterobacteria or staphylococci and oral lesions. PMID- 3163134 TI - Evaluation of serum fucose level in patients with oral cancer. AB - Serum fucose level was determined in 57 oral cancer patients and 25 normal persons before any treatment was performed. There was a significant rise in these levels in patients with oral cancer, and they correlated well with the clinical stages. This correlation is found to be exceedingly helpful in establishing the presence of and evaluating the extent of oral cancer. PMID- 3163135 TI - Autosomal recessive rough hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta. A case report with clinical, light microscopic, radiographic, and electron microscopic observations. AB - A case is presented of a 12-year-old Japanese girl with nearly complete lack of enamel in the deciduous and the permanent dentitions, coupled with a gross abnormality in the pattern of eruption. There was no family history of a similar condition. Deciduous molars were extracted, and hyperplastic gingival tissue was resected. On the basis of clinical, radiographic, and microscopic findings, a diagnosis of autosomal recessive rough hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta was made. The configuration of the abnormal enamel was examined with scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as with light microscopy. Prismatic structure was virtually absent, and the scant enamel showed globular protrusions superficially. Two different surface structures were identified as covering parts of the enamel. At the ultrastructural level, calcified bodies located in the gingival tissue appeared to be composed, in part, of a dense enamel-like substance and, in part, of a tissue with features of afibrillar cementum. PMID- 3163136 TI - A comparative tissue toxicity evaluation of established and newer root canal sealers. AB - Grossman's sealer, eucapercha, Endo-Fill, CRCS, Sealapex, Hypocal, and sterile saline solution (0.3 ml of each) were injected into specific dorsal subdermal tissue sites of 12 guinea pigs. The animals were killed after 6 days, 15 days, and 80 days (four per time period). Analysis of tissue response showed that, overall, Sealapex and Endo-Fill had less severe inflammatory reactions than any of the other test materials. Grossman's sealer, CRCS, and Hypocal showed principally severe inflammatory responses at both 6 and 15 days, but mild reactions at 80 days. Overall, eucapercha showed less severe inflammatory responses than Grossman's sealer, CRCS, and Hypocal. Diffuse calcification was induced by the three calcium hydroxide preparations (CRCS, Sealapex, and Hypocal). Eucapercha and Endo-Fill had minute local areas of calcification. Both Grossman's sealer and CRCS did not have overall favorable histologic reactions; however, Grossman's sealer and CRCS have been used successfully clinically. Further clinical studies are needed. PMID- 3163137 TI - Cyanoacrylate as a retrofilling material. AB - The sealing ability of cyanoacrylate as a retrograde root canal filling material was evaluated in vitro. Fifty roots were cleansed, shaped, and assigned to five groups of ten roots each. The root canals were obturated with gutta-percha and Grossman's sealer. The apical 2 mm of each root in the five groups was resected. In groups I, II, and III, retrofilling preparation was made and filled with amalgam, varnish and then amalgam, and cyanoacrylate, respectively. In group IV, a hot instrument was used to seal the gutta-percha, and in group V, a cold burnisher was used for the same purpose. All of the teeth were immersed in 1% methylene blue dye for 24 hours and sectional longitudinally; dye penetration was then measured. One-way analysis of variance performed on the means of the groups indicated that group III had the least amount of leakage (p less than 0.05). This study indicates that cyanocrylate may have potential as a retrograde filling material. PMID- 3163138 TI - Clinical indicators of radiographically detectable dental diseases in the adult patient. AB - A comprehensive analysis of the relationship between clinical observations in dental patients without symptoms and oral disease as detected by full-mouth and panoramic dental radiographs in a large population of patients has never been reported. Knowledge of these relationships is necessary in the design of a diagnostic decision process (clinical algorithm) that can predict which patients require dental radiographs for the diagnosis of dental caries or periodontal disease to be confirmed or refined. An accurate clinical algorithm could reduce the number of radiographs that are taken of certain routinely seen dental patients without symptoms, thus reducing unnecessary exposure x-radiation as well as potentially reducing health care costs for these patients. A sample of 602 adult men on whom a complete series of panoramic, posterior bitewing, and periapical dental radiographs and an independent oral examination were performed provided the opportunity to evaluate the relationship between clinically observed oral disease indicators and independent radiographic evidence of dental caries and periodontal disease. The analysis suggests that combinations of several clinical indicators can predict with some success which patients without symptoms will benefit most from oral radiographs. The presence of several carious lesions on oral examination was the best predictor of radiographic detection of dental caries. Clinical indicators tht appear to predict radiographic evidence of periodontal disease are clinical measures of pocket depth, mobility, and the patient's denture status. An important finding is that because of the high prevalence of gingivitis and plaque, these indicators were not related to radiographic evidence of periodontal disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3163139 TI - A clinical comparison between xeroradiography and film radiography for the detection of recurrent caries. AB - Xeroradiographs and conventional film radiographs (D- and E-speed) were compared in a clinical study with the use of one-half complete-mouth radiographs for the detection of recurrent dental caries in 200 teeth. The results indicated that film was the most useful in identification of noncarious restored teeth (91% correct versus 79% correct for xeroradiography); however, xeroradiography was better than film for detection of recurrent caries (67% versus 53%). With ROC analysis, both film and xeroradiography were equally useful, having the same ROC value of 0.78. At rates of 67% and 53% for detection of the presence of recurrent caries, neither imaging system can overcome basic geometric limitations of superimposition of metallic restorations. Thus, there is the continued need for careful clinical assessesment of existing restorations for the presence of recurrent caries. PMID- 3163140 TI - Digital image processing of periapical radiographs. AB - Periapical radiographs were processed digitally with an image-processing system. In processed images obtained with an aperture of 100 X 100 micron 2, some radiographic information was lost because the aperture was too large for processing of periapical radiographs. Greater noise and more artifacts were also present and occasionally disturbed the interpretation. Therefore, we conclude that digital image processing of periapical radiographs is not always useful. Improvement of contrast was obtained, however, and this seemed to be effective for low-contrast radiographs. PMID- 3163141 TI - Tooth in an ovarian cystic teratoma. AB - The findings of this analysis indicate that the hard tissue is a decidous canine with a small amount of alveolar bone. PMID- 3163142 TI - Re: A mechanism of new pain following cordotomy. PMID- 3163144 TI - Test your diagnostic ability. Fibrous healing of surgical defect. PMID- 3163143 TI - [Clinico-biochemical and morphological characteristics of the hepatic form of glycogenosis in children]. PMID- 3163145 TI - Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: an update for dentists. PMID- 3163146 TI - The promoter of the chicken cardiac myosin light chain 2 gene shows cell-specific expression in transfected primary cultures of chicken muscle. AB - Transcriptional regulation of the chicken cardiac myosin light chain 2 (MLC2-A) gene was investigated in chicken primary myoblast and fibroblast cultures transfected with vector constructs containing the bacterial marker gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) under the control of the MLC2-A promoter. We here demonstrate that sequences close to the TATA box are sufficient to direct muscle specific and regulated expression of the MLC2-A mRNA. Transcription from MLC2-A promoter/CAT hybrids in myocytes starts from the authentic cap site that is also used in vivo. In primary breast muscle cells, bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), a reversible blocking agent of cell differentiation, suppresses transcription from the MLC2-A promoter whereas nonmuscle promoters like the RSV- or the cytoplasmic beta-actin promoter are unaffected in their transcriptional capacity. Although the endogenous cardiac MLC2-A gene in chicken is exclusively active in heart, the transfected MLC 2-A promoter escapes this cell type control in primary cultures of breast muscle. These results demonstrate that although muscle specificity of the MLC2-A gene and its transcriptional up-regulation during differentiation is maintained in a rather short promoter segment, restrictive elements determining the muscle cell type specificity in vivo are either not present in our constructs or are not acting under the conditions of transient transfection. PMID- 3163147 TI - Concomitant transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of mRNA abundance during human myeloid cell differentiation. AB - The mechanisms controlling the expression of two genes during the differentiation of HL60 cells have been studied. The relative abundance of one mRNA, designated 2B5, increases during retinoic acid-induced differentiation; this increase can be accounted for, in part at least, by a marked increase in the rate of transcription of the gene. The relative abundance of the second, pCG56, decreases during retinoic acid-induced differentiation although the rate of transcription of this gene also increases during the course of differentiation. The bulk of pCG56 transcripts, though polyadenylated and apparently fully processed, are located in the nuclei of the uninduced cells, but on the polysomes of the induced cells. The data indicate that the change in the expression of the gene encoding pCG56 RNA is regulated differently from that encoding 2B5 RNA, and are interpreted as evidence that the pCG56 gene is regulated by an interaction between transcriptional and post-transcriptional controls. Furthermore, the latter includes both mRNA stability and a post-transcriptional mechanism that has not previously been demonstrated in differentiating cells, viz. nucleo cytoplasmic transport of mRNA. PMID- 3163148 TI - Endopeptidase-24.11 in the adenohypophysis of the pig is localized in the gonadotrophic cells. AB - Endopeptidase-24.11, an ectoenzyme with a key role in metabolizing peptides at cell surfaces, is present in the adenohypophysis. A specific polyclonal antibody to the endopeptidase has been used to explore its localization in cryostat sections of pig pituitary glands by an immunoperoxidase method. Immunoreactivity was symmetrically but not uniformly distributed over the anterior lobe, with the highest intensity a zone just beneath the capsule along the anterior surface. In detail, the staining was observed to be in the cell membrane, but in some cells a small area of intense paranuclear staining was also observed. Serial 5 micron sections were immunostained alternately for endopeptidase-24.11 and for pituitary proteohormone. Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), thyrotropin, adrenocorticotropin, prolactin and growth hormone were studied in this way. It was possible to identify groups of cells in adjacent sections and a good correlation was observed for endopeptidase-24.11-immunoreactivity with that for LH and FSH. The association of the endopeptidase with gonadotrophs was confirmed by double labelling. No evidence of colocalization was observed with the other proteohormone antibodies. We conclude that among the cells of the adenohypophysis only the gonadotrophs express endopeptidase-24.11 and discuss the possible significance of this observation in regard to the termination of peptide signals, such as that of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) acting at this site. PMID- 3163150 TI - Human urinary kallikrein--amino acid sequence and carbohydrate attachment sites. AB - The amino acid sequence of human urinary kallikrein was determined by protein chemical methods. The peptide chain contains 238 amino acid residues. Ten half cystine residues form five disulfide bridges. Six carbohydrate side chains could be identified, three of them are N-glycosidically linked to asparagine which is present in the acceptor sequon Asn-Xaa-Thr (or -Ser) and three are O glycosidically linked to two serine residues and one threonine residue, respectively. Comparison of the primary structure of human urinary kallikrein with that of other serine proteinases especially porcine kallikrein and rat kallikrein shows a high degree of homology. IVGGWECEQHSQPWQAALYHFSTFQCGGILVHRQWVLTA AHCISDNYQLWLGRHNLFDDENTAQFVHVSESFPHPGFN MSLLENHTRQADEDYSHDLMLLRLTEPADTITDAVKVVE LPTQEPEVGSTCLASGWGSIEPENFSFPDDLQCVDLKIL PNDECEKAHVQKVTDFMLCVGHLEGGKDTCVGDSGGPLM CDGVLQGVTSWGYVPCGTPNKPSVAVRVLSYVKWIEDTIAENS. PMID- 3163149 TI - A clinical evaluation of monoclonal (CA19-9, CA50, CA12-5) and polyclonal (CEA, TPA) antibody-defined antigens for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. AB - We measured in 193 patients, admitted to our wards for symptoms and signs suggestive of pancreatic or digestive malignancy, the serum levels of five tumor associated antigens (CA 19-9, CA 50, CA 125, TPA, CEA) and we evaluated their diagnostic accuracy both when used alone and in combination. For CA 19-9 and CA 50 a sensitivity for pancreatic cancer as high as 92 and 88%, respectively, and specificity of 91.8% were found. A lower sensitivity vs. pancreatic cancer was found for the other tumor markers, and vs. the other digestive and nondigestive malignancies for all tumor markers (apart for CA 19-9 and CA 50 vs. biliary carcinomas). As for the combined assays, the best figures were found vs. pancreatic cancer for CA 19-9 plus CA 50, CA 50 plus CEA, CA 50 plus CA 125; a sensitivity by far worse vs. the other gastrointestinal cancers was found for all the possible combinations. We conclude that in selected symptomatic patients some tumor-marker determinations can be useful in identifying those with a high probability of harboring a pancreatic cancer, to be further studied or operated upon. The clinical relevance of this in patients already symptomatic is at present unclear. PMID- 3163151 TI - Vasoactive prostaglandins in the impending no-reflow state: evidence for a primary disturbance in microvascular tone. AB - The impending no-reflow (NRF) state was studied in the rat hindlimb to identify possible biochemical mediators producing the no-reflow phenomenon. After 5 hours of ischemia, the venous effluents draining the ischemic limb and the contralateral nonischemic limb were collected for three 30-minute time periods. Thromboxane B2 (TxB2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, the stable metabolite of prostacyclin (PGI2), were measured by radioimmunoassay. Venous outflow rate, distal skin perfusion assessed by dermofluorometry, and histology of muscle and skin were examined in control limbs, ischemic limbs, and limbs with impending no reflow. The no-reflow state was characterized by a significantly decreased venous outflow (less than 0.01 ml per minute), decreased skin perfusion (index of fluorescence of 15 percent in no-reflow limbs versus 70 percent in reflow limbs), and absence of thrombosis of the vasculature. The no reflow state also was associated with 2.4 times more thromboxane B2 and 1.5 times more 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha than that observed in ischemic limbs with reflow. The biosynthesis of vasodilating prostaglandin E2 in the no-reflow state, however, was only 40 percent of the prostaglandin E2 measured in limbs with reflow. We propose that the impending no-reflow state may reflect a state of global microcirculatory "agonal" vasoconstriction, most probably due to an overabundant release of the vasoconstrictor thromboxane relative to the vasodilating prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin. The likelihood of specific biochemical mechanisms producing the no-reflow state suggests that pharmacologic agents may be able to reverse the impending no-reflow state to improve tissue survival. PMID- 3163153 TI - Staging of intraosseous extent of osteosarcoma: correlation of preoperative CT and MR imaging with pathologic macroslides. AB - The accuracy of preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the measurement of intraosseous tumor extent in 17 cases of osteosarcoma of an extremity was compared with macroslides of surgical specimens. Longitudinal intraosseous extension of tumor from the adjacent articular surface was measured on imaging studies and macroslides to the nearest millimeter. The average difference between macroslide and CT measurements (15 cases) was 16.5 mm +/- 10.7, and the average difference between macroslide and MR imaging measurements (17 cases) was 4.9 mm +/- 4.3. However, much of the latter difference appears to be caused by use of a different plane of section in MR imaging compared with that in macroslides, since in a subgroup of five specimens with an identical plane of section, the average difference was 1.8 mm +/- 1.6. The authors conclude that MR imaging is extremely accurate in the assessment of intraosseous extent of osteosarcoma. PMID- 3163152 TI - [Effect of an antioxidant complex on the biosynthesis of macromolecules in hepatocytes during acute experimental radiation injury]. AB - The radioprotective efficiency of the antioxidant complex of vitamins (AC) has been estimated by incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA of irradiated rat hepatocytes after whole-body irradiation. The results obtained indicate that AC is an effective radioprotective drug. PMID- 3163154 TI - Effect of the myorelaxant clenbuterol on the oxytocin-induced release of prostaglandin F2 alpha in ovariectomized heifers. AB - Clenbuterol, as other sympathomimetic drugs, relaxes the myometrium, thus causing a short-term inhibition of labor and the delay of parturition. This study has examined the influence of clenbuterol on the release of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) induced by oxytocin alone or with estradiol-17 beta. Five bilaterally ovariectomized heifers, primed with progesterone for 14 days, were used in two experiments. In the first they received two i.v. injections of oxytocin 6h apart, with and without an i.v. injection of clenbuterol before the second oxytocin injection; the second experiment was similar to the first except that the animals were given estradiol-17 beta 30 min after the first oxytocin injection. Frequent blood samples were taken for the measurement of 13,14-dihydro 15-keto-PGF2 alpha by radioimmunoassay. The data show that clenbuterol does not influence PGF2 alpha release in response to oxytocin alone or with estradiol-17 beta, and it does not inhibit the basal release of PGF2 alpha. This suggests that clenbuterol does not act on the endometrium to alter the secretion of PGF2 alpha in the non-pregnant cow. PMID- 3163155 TI - Effects of analogues of prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha on the decidual cell reaction in the rat. AB - The identity of the prostaglandins (PGs) involved in the decidual cell reaction is uncertain. In the present study we investigated the ability of analogues of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha, 16,16-dimethyl-prostaglandin E2, methyl ester (16,16Me2PGE2) and 15(S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2 alpha (15MePGF2 alpha) respectively, to bring about decidualization when infused into the uterine lumen of rats sensitized for the decidual cell reaction. As indicated by uterine weights 5 days after the commencement of the infusions into rats in which endogenous PG production had been inhibited by treatment with indomethacin, 16,16Me2PGE2 produced decidualization which was equivalent to that produced by PGE2. By contrast, the infusion of 15MePGF2 alpha inhibited decidualization, even when PGE2 was infused concomitantly. As indicated by uterine radioactivity concentrations after i.v. administration of 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin, the PGF2 alpha analogue also inhibited the endometrial vascular permeability increase which precedes decidualization. Compared to PGE2, 16,16Me2PGE2 was slightly less effective at displacing 3H-PGE2 from an endometrial membrane preparation; by contrast 15MePGF2 alpha was considerably less effective. These data suggest that PGE2 mediates the decidual cell reaction, and that the decidualization obtained in response to PGF2 alpha may involve its conversion within the uterus to PGE2. PMID- 3163157 TI - Time- and dose-related modifications in cardiac function in rats after single intravenous doses of epirubicin. AB - Time-related changes in cardiac output have been studied in rats after the intravenous administration of a range of single doses of epirubicin. There was an initial decline in cardiac function in the first 4-12 weeks after drug treatment at a rate that appeared to be dose-related. After 12 weeks, an average cardiac output of approximately 70%, relative to control values, was maintained in animals that survived until the end of the study. This effect was independent of the drug dose, reflecting the death of animals in the higher dose groups. The incidence of drug-induced cardiotoxic deaths, the majority of which (approximately 62%) occurred within the first 12 weeks, was dose-related, and suggested a LD50 for cardiac-related mortality of 5.48 +/- 0.39 mg/kg. There appeared to be a relationship between the reduction in cardiac output at 12 weeks and the probability of a further deterioration in function. Animals showing a greater than 40% reduction in cardiac output at 12 weeks accounted for greater than 90% of all the additional deaths between 12 and 20 weeks. Rats showing a less than 40% reduction in cardiac output at 12 weeks had a very high probability of surviving without clinical signs, although with a persistently depressed cardiac function. These findings are similar to the trends demonstrated in the sparse clinical data and this supports the view that the present simple animal model is suitable for the investigation of cardiotoxicity after the administration of cardiotoxic cytotoxic drugs. PMID- 3163158 TI - Facilitation of cancer-associated anorexia by cholecystokinin. AB - Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8, 5 micrograms/kg) was injected i.p. into male Sprague-Dawley rats bearing the Walker 256-carcinosarcoma, or into non-tumour bearing controls, on a 20-h food deprivation schedule. Food and water intake and body weight maintenance were monitored for 15 days after tumour implantation and compared to that of tumour-bearing animals not injected with CCK-8. Food intake was significantly reduced for the duration of the two 4-day periods of CCK-8 injection, indicating that behavioural tolerance to this peptide did not occur. The severity of anorexia and body weight loss in tumour-bearing animals was significantly greater than that observed in non-tumour bearing controls, for the first 13 days of observation. These results indicate that endogenous peptides, such as CCK, may function in tumour-bearing animals to enhance the anorexia and wasting which typifies the anorexia cachexia syndrome. PMID- 3163156 TI - Excretion of primary prostanoids and their metabolites during acute volume expansion. AB - Simultaneous determination of urinary excretion rates of primary unmetabolized prostanoids and their enzymatic metabolites were performed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). Changes in kidney function were induced by acute (4 h) volume expansion. Despite marked changes in urine flow, GFR, urinary pH, osmolality, sodium and potassium excretion, only a insignificant or transient rise in the enzymatic prostanoid metabolites (2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGE-M, 2,3-dinor-TxB2 and 11-dehydro TxB2) was observed. The excretion rates of the primary prostanoids were elevated in parallel with the rise in urine flow: PGE2 rose (p less than 0.05) from 14.2 +/- 4.0 to 86.2 +/- 20.7, PGF2 alpha from 60.0 +/- 4.9 to 119.8 +/- 24.0, 6-keto PGF2 alpha from 7.2 +/- 1.3 to 51.5 +/- 17.0, and TxB2 from 11.2 +/- 3.3 to 13.6 +/- 3.6 ng/h/1.73 m2 (means +/- SEM) at the maximal urine flow. Except for 6-keto PGF1 alpha and TxB2, this rise in urinary prostanoid levels was only transient despite a sustained fourfold elevated urine flow. We conclude that urine flow rate acutely affect urine prostanoid excretion rates, however, over a prolonged period of time these effects are not maintained. The present data support the concept that urinary levels of primary prostanoids mainly reflect renal concentrations whereas those of enzymatic metabolites reflect systemic prostanoid activity. From the excretion pattern of TxB2 one can assume that this prostanoid represents renal as well as systemic TxA2 activity. PMID- 3163160 TI - Elevated serum CA 125 levels in patients with benign ascitic or pleural effusions. AB - The tumor-associated antigen CA 125 is widely used in monitoring of ovarian carcinomas. As this determinant is also expressed in proliferating mesothelia, we studied CA 125 levels in serum and effusion fluid of patients with ascitic and pleural effusions. Patients with benign and malignant disease were included. There was no statistically significant or diagnostically useful difference between 26 benign and 44 malignant cases in the CA 125 levels in effusions or sera. In 77% of benign cases, serum levels exceeding 105 U/ml (3 times the recommended upper limit of normal values) were found. Thus, in patients with serous effusions, elevated serum CA 125 values alone do not provide evidence for the presence of an (ovarian) malignancy, but may also indicate a proliferation of mesothelium due to benign disease. PMID- 3163159 TI - Effects of intravenous prostaglandins F2 alpha and E2 in hypoxic and non-hypoxic rabbits with elastase induced emphysema. AB - To determine whether the pulmonary and circulatory effects of intravenous Prostaglandins F2 alpha and E2 are altered in the presence of emphysema and/or hypoxia, 19 New Zealand White rabbits were treated with 3 doses of intratracheal porcine pancreatic elastase (100 U/kg) administered at 4 day intervals to induce panacinar emphysema, and 19 were treated on a similar schedule with saline to serve as controls. Thirty days after their last elastase or saline treatment, rabbits were divided randomly into hypoxic and non-hypoxic breathing subgroups, so that there were 4 experimental groups: control/non-hypoxic (n = 10), control/hypoxic (n = 9), elastase/non-hypoxic (n = 11), and elastase/hypoxic (n = 8). All rabbits underwent pulmonary physiologic studies and received rapid intravenous infusions of PGF2 alpha (6, 12, 14 micrograms) and PGE2 (1,3,6 micrograms). Lung resistance (RL), dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn), right ventricular systolic pressure (Prv), and mean aortic pressure (Paorta) were measured before, and 1 and 5 min. after prostaglandin infusions. At the conclusion of these studies, all rabbits were killed for morphometric and light microscopic analysis of their lungs. Elastase treated rabbits and physiologic, morphometric, and light microscopic evidence of panacinar emphysema. In the control/non-hypoxic group, PGF2 alpha had no effect on Cdyn, but produced a decline in Paorta and an increase in RL and Prv after the 24 micrograms dose. In the same group, PGE2 had no effect on RL or Cdyn, but a decrease in Paorta was observed with all 3 doses. In addition, Prv increased after 6 micrograms of PGE2. These effects were produced by doses of PGF2 alpha and PGE2 which were 12 and 3 times greater respectively than effects of similar magnitude in dogs. Except for the absence of an increase in RL after PGF2 alpha 24 micrograms, the presence of emphysema did not alter the effects of PGF2 alpha or PGE2. However, hypoxia irrespective of emphysema produced greater physiologic effects from both prostanoids. These findings indicate that rabbits are more resistant to the effects of PGF2 alpha and PGE2 on pulmonary mechanics, and pulmonary and systemic vascular pressures. Furthermore, they suggest that hypoxia is a more important factor influencing pulmonary prostaglandin catabolism than anatomic pulmonary emphysema. PMID- 3163161 TI - [Modifications in the vertical position of the stomion in facial osteotomies and osseous genioplasties]. AB - A retrospective statistical analysis is made on 45 patients who have undergone a facial osteotomy. The authors study the vertical changes of the stomion on pre- and post-operative lateral cephalograms. Considering the bad initial results, it has been necessary to create subdivisions on the surgical procedure and to work on homogeneous groups. The results of this study led to the following conclusions: the stomion follows the vertical displacement of the maxilla on an approximative ratio of 1/3, with rather great variations between the subjects; the functional osseous genioplasties, specially with vertical displacement, are not accompanied by significant vertical changes in the position of the stomion. Furthermore, it is obvious that it is necessary to use a "multivariable" method for a better prevision of the cutaneous changes after facial osteotomies, specially for the lips. Indeed, vertical soft tissue changes are the result of the interactions of many vertical and horizontal surgical squelettal displacements. PMID- 3163162 TI - [Aerodontalgia. Report of a case]. AB - Dental pains provoked by an altitude beyond 5.000 ft can occur with any kind of tooth, healthy or restored. It is considered as a consequence of a brutal pressure change. The incidence has not been decreasing in spite of flight conditions improvement. These kind of dental pain cause a problem for those who fly: civilian and military pilots as well as airlines passengers. The conditions in which this might happened are variable. There may be a definite correlation between the character of the symptoms of aerodontalgia and the underlying pulpal pathology. The proposed etiology concerning pathological teeth is an oedema and hyperthermia of the pulp which can lead to necrosis. In an indirect type dental pain is secondary to stimulation of the superior alveolar nerves by a maxillary barosinusitis, or anatomic malformation. The most frequent is a pain during ascent (decompression), and the most concerned teeth are upper molars. The preventive treatment is very important. Both complete clinical and radiological examinations must be achieved. Regular dental examination are-essential for the crew. Aerodontalgia can be largely prevented by high quality root and dental cares. The case of a 26 years old man who use to suffer for a long time of dental pain during flights is in accordance with the dominant clinical symptoms of this affection. PMID- 3163164 TI - [Computerized tomography of sagittal sections. A noninvasive alternative in the exploration of temporomandibular joint dysfunction]. AB - Important advances in the use of CT scan imaging for exploration of the temporomandibular joint include the obtaining of direct sagittal section images and the possibility of surveillance. This avoids the need for more invasive and painful techniques such as arthrography. The position of the meniscus can be determined from either direct or indirect signs and bone structures and muscles are particularly clearly demonstrated. This technique can be used while awaiting more widespread availability of NMR apparatuses for meniscal exploration. PMID- 3163163 TI - [Cholesteatoma of the facial sinuses. Apropos of an ethmoid-orbital cholesteatoma]. AB - A case of cholesteatoma of the ethmoid extending to the orbit is reported. These cholesteatomas of facial sinuses are rarely reported, those documented involving localization in maxillary or frontal, or ethmoido-frontal or ethmoido-maxillary sinuses. Primary perisinusal cholesteatomas of embryonic origin must be distinguished from the rarer secondary iatrogenic or post-traumatic lesions. Histopathology allows distinction between epidermoid cysts and cholesterol type granulomas. Treatment is by surgery using a wide approach. PMID- 3163166 TI - [Horizontal osteotomy of the mandibular body with transfer of the inferior dental nerve]. AB - In a patient with developmental facial asymmetry resulting from unilateral mandibular hyperplasia, irregular height of the mandibular body was strongly manifested on the affected side. Since a large portion of the inferior border of the mandible predicted to be cut off contained almost the whole of the lower alveolar nerve, transfer of the latter was employed. The nerve was surgically isolated along its course, and secured by being lifted while horizontal osteotomy of the mandibular body was performed. The nerve was accommodated in new groove created at a safe distance from the roots of the lower teeth. Postoperative healing was uneventful, but feeling in the region of lower lip was decreased during a few days immediately after surgery. The patient reexamined 18 months later demonstrated satisfactory esthetic and functional result with preserved feeling in the region supplied by the lower alveolar nerve. PMID- 3163165 TI - [Multifocal fractures of the mandibular symphysis. Apropos of 3 cases]. AB - Three patients presented with multiple site fractures of mandibular symphysis, associated in two cases with a bilateral subcondylar fracture. Treatment was by multiple solid osteosynthesis of mandibular body combining miniaturized screw plates and steel wire osteosynthesis. Emphasis is placed on the interest of a stable solid osteosynthesis of mandibular symphysis by screw plate, combined with osteosynthesis using a steel wire passing through the hole of a plate and into the small basilar bone fragment, allowing in this way the restitution of a perfect morphology of symphysis. PMID- 3163167 TI - [Buccal manifestations of type I diabetes mellitus. Study of its oral symptomatology and dental involvement]. AB - We are hereby presenting a survey conducted on 44 diabetic patients of the I type and 44 health individuals used as a reference group. In the light of the results of the survey in question a poorer oral hygiene for the I type insulin-dependent diabetic patients than for those in the control group has been detected (E.G. whereas 40.91% of the diabetic patients exhibited a very poor hygiene, the rate detected for the control group amounted to 22.72% only). Nevertheless, this poorer hygiene did not seem to influence caries level direct since no meaningful difference in the two groups CAO indexes was detected at all. Cellulitis was very frequent in the diabetic group whereas post-extraction alveolitis and mouth dryness were found at comparable levels in the two groups. PMID- 3163169 TI - [Headache and impacted upper wisdom teeth]. AB - The relationships between wisdom tooth and headache have been rarely studied. The aim of this paper was to follow 13 patients, which suffered with idiopathic headache, after extraction of impacted maxillary wisdom tooth. The authors separated in two group the patients on the basis of a different anatomic site of pain. Patients with bilateral headache or monolateral headache without preferable anatomic site did not respond positively to the extractions. On the other hand the group of patients with monolateral headache or bilateral headache with preferable anatomic site obtained an improvement after the extraction of the maxillary homolateral wisdom tooth. PMID- 3163168 TI - [Metastatic melanoma of the parotid gland. Apropos of 5 cases]. AB - The affectation of the parotid gland by a malignant melanotic tumor is rare. In this paper, 5 cases of malignant melanoma of the parotid gland are described. In 3 of these cases there were a previous report of a skin melanoma. In the other 2 cases it was not possible to discover the primary lesion. We discuss the lymphatic anatomy of the parotid region, the different etiopathogenic hypothesis and the most important clinical and therapeutic features. PMID- 3163170 TI - [The use of a malleable blade retractor in surgery of deeply impacted upper wisdom teeth]. AB - The use of a soft tissue retractor during surgery of the superior impacted wisdom tooth is described. The right placement of the soft tissue retractor prevents the displacement of the avulsed tooth within the soft tissue of the cheek and of the pterygo-maxillary fossa. An additional advantage is in creating a good visual surgical field. PMID- 3163171 TI - [Genioplasty in adolescence]. AB - Different possible types of genioplasty in adolescence are envisaged: pure subtraction, conjugated subtraction, apposition, addition and in particular transfer for correction of the facial asymmetry of temporomandibular ankylosis sequelae. It is difficult to predict results and it is necessary to remain within a known framework in which esthetic and psychologic demands must occupy a very important place. PMID- 3163172 TI - Prostanoid imbalance in experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats. AB - In an investigation of the pathogenesis of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) the plasma levels of TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and PGE2 were measured in rats. After induction of ANP by injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct, a marked increase in TXB2 levels and a slight increase in 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha levels were found. PGE2 levels decreased. Mortality was 100% within 30 h. Pretreatment with chloroquine, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, led to a inhibition of TXB2 production, whereas 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGE2 levels showed a surprising slight elevation in the first 6 h. Pretreatment with chloroquine decreased mortality by 30%. Pretreatment with FPL 55712, a leukotriene synthesis blocker, caused an increase in TXB2 and PGE2 levels, whereas the formation of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha remained unaltered. Two out of nine animals survived after pretreatment with FPL 55712. The results of the present study indicate that arachidonate end products are involved in ANP. The significance of the high TXB2 levels, decreased PGE2 levels, and only slightly elevated 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels during ANP requires further investigation. The thromboxane A2 to prostacyclin ratio may be important. PMID- 3163173 TI - Corynebacterium group JK in a hematological ward: infections, colonization and environmental contamination. AB - Because 2 patients with acute leukemia expired in septicemia with multiresistant Corynebacterium group JK (JK) the occurrence and significance of these bacteria in a hematological ward was analysed. During the following year JK was isolated in 6 other patients with acute leukemia, in 5 as a colonizing agent and in 1 as cause of an anorectal abscess. The environmental investigation with cultures from all patients, personnel and rooms in the ward disclosed heavy contamination with JK in 2 isolation rooms housing JK-colonized patients. Contamination with JK in other rooms was very sparse and there were no JK-positive cultures from personnel or other patients in the ward. Repeated environmental cultures taken after the JK colonized patients left the isolation rooms showed sparse contamination with JK. Thus, JK strains can survive in the environment for a long time. PMID- 3163174 TI - [Swiss Society of Cardiology, annual meeting. 5-6 May 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3163175 TI - [Swiss Society of Internal Medicine, 56th annual meeting, Basel, 6-7 May, 1988, jointly with the Clinical Pharmacology Section of the Swiss Society of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Abstracts]. PMID- 3163176 TI - [Swiss Society of Hematology, annual meeting. Basel, 5-6 May 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3163177 TI - Field test data inadequate, OTA says. PMID- 3163178 TI - Animals of invention. PMID- 3163180 TI - Clinical alternative. Formulating your own concept of occlusion. PMID- 3163179 TI - Language barriers in the dental office: dentists and patients alike suffer. PMID- 3163181 TI - Avoiding medico-legal complications when prescribing controlled substances. PMID- 3163183 TI - [A sow in late gestation who does not eat]. PMID- 3163184 TI - [Morphohistochemical changes in the periodontium after preparation of a tooth for a plastic crown]. PMID- 3163182 TI - Influence of divalent and monovalent cations on some active site properties of human factor Xa. AB - The effect of divalent and monovalent cations on the hydrolysis of BzIleGlu(OR)GlyArgpNA(S-2222) was compared to the rate of inactivation of factor Xa by dansyl-GluGlyArg-chloromethylketone(DERG-CK). At substrate concentrations below Km, an approximate four-fold increase in amidase activity was observed in the presence of manganese ions while a three-fold increase was observed with calcium ions. The presence of magnesium ions resulted in a two-fold increase in amidase activity. Similar increases in the rate of inactivation of factor Xa by DERG-CK were observed. Na+ ions had a marked enhancing effect of both factor Xa amidase activity and inactivation by DERG-CK. Kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of S-2222 by factor Xa were obtained in the presence and absence of Ca++ and Na+. Vmax values increased in the presence of either Ca++ or Na+. Km values increased in the presence of Ca++ while there was a modest decrease in Km in the presence of Na+. It is suggested that the enhanced activity of factor Xa is a reflection of changes in the reactivity of active site residues. PMID- 3163185 TI - [Prevention of oral mucosal lesions in phosphorus manufacture (experimental morphological research)]. PMID- 3163186 TI - [Effect of the status of the maxillodental system and of functional loading on the mineral saturation of different parts of the human mandible]. PMID- 3163187 TI - [Muscle function of the maxillofacial area in disorders of the integrity of the dental arches and periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3163188 TI - [Citric acid metabolism in the maxillodental system of rats of different ages after denervation ]. PMID- 3163189 TI - [Rapid diagnosis of the psychological state of the patient in a dental therapy clinic]. PMID- 3163191 TI - [Diagnosis of diseases of the periodontium from data of the measurement of its passive electrical properties]. PMID- 3163192 TI - [Clinico-immunological parallels of nonspecific factors of body reactivity in patients with maxillofacial phlegmon]. PMID- 3163193 TI - [Immunological aspects of a placental allograft in oral surgery]. PMID- 3163190 TI - [A comprehensive periodontal index]. PMID- 3163194 TI - [An appliance and surgical method of treating open bite]. PMID- 3163195 TI - [External respiratory function of patients with mandibular prognathism before and after surgery]. PMID- 3163196 TI - [Recording of the functional state of the maxillodental system]. PMID- 3163197 TI - [Indices of the metal-dependent enzyme activity of the blood and saliva in subjects with dissimilar metals in the oral cavity]. PMID- 3163198 TI - [Causes of structural and color changes in acrylic plastics used in fixed dentures]. PMID- 3163199 TI - [Prevention of stomatological diseases in young children]. PMID- 3163200 TI - [Diagnosis of distal mandibular position]. PMID- 3163201 TI - [Immunomodulating action of levamisole in the combined treatment of children with odontogenic osteomyelitis of the jaws]. PMID- 3163202 TI - [Hematogenic osteomyelitis of the bones of the facial skeleton in children]. PMID- 3163203 TI - [A program for the mass prevention of dental caries and periodontal diseases in the pediatric population]. PMID- 3163204 TI - [Organization of hospital dental care for children in Sverdlovsk and Sverdlovsk Province]. PMID- 3163205 TI - [Work experience of a district orthodontic department in organizing early prevention and treatment of distal bite in children]. PMID- 3163206 TI - [Odontogenic dental plexalgia]. PMID- 3163207 TI - [A method of conducting classes in internship]. PMID- 3163208 TI - [Organization of the premedical practical training of 3d-year students of a dental department]. PMID- 3163209 TI - Prevention of acute cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity by a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. PMID- 3163211 TI - [Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity of blast cells of the peripheral blood in acute leukemia]. PMID- 3163210 TI - Dermal Langerhans' cell tumor in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. AB - Disseminated dermal tumors in a 71-year-old male represented the first clinical manifestation of a chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. The dermal infiltrate in one of the nodules consisted predominantly of closely packed pleomorphic Langerhans' cells (LC) with typical Birbeck granules and a strong reactivity for S-100 protein. The simultaneous presence of immature myeloid cells led to the suspicion of an underlying myeloproliferative disorder. The diagnosis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia was subsequently confirmed by bone marrow histology and blood picture. Although some peritrabecular foci of histiocytic cells were detected in bone marrow, no LC could be identified by electron microscopy and histochemical methods. Tumorous aggregates of LC in myeloproliferative disorders have not been described in the literature. Histiocytosis X and related diseases could be definitely excluded in the present case. This case obviously suggests an interrelation between the myeloproliferative disease and the focal accumulation of LC in the dermis. In animal studies by Katz et al. LC have been shown to originate in the bone marrow, whereas the origin of LC in man is still a matter of discussion. The present case supports the hypothesis that LC in man are also of myeloid origin. The neoplastic blood monocytes could be the precursors of the dermal LC. This differentiation did not take place in the bone marrow but only in the dermis where LC occur under nonneoplastic conditions ("homing"). PMID- 3163213 TI - [Changes in the amount of prostaglandin F2 alpha in incision wounds of the skin with different time intervals after injury]. AB - A radioimmunological method is presented for the determination of the quantity of prostaglandin F2 alpha in cut wounds on the skin of guinea pigs. Rapidly increasing quantities of prostaglandin F2 alpha can be found in skin cuts, and the level reaches 71 ng/g within the 1st hour after the injury. In the postmortem period, the quantities calculated in the cuts while the animals were still alive gradually decreased and reached a value of 17 ng/g in the 6th h after death. In postmortem cuts, inflicted in the 8th h after death, the prostaglandin was 14-18 ng/g. In later postmortem cuts the quantity was about 9-10 ng/g. Establishing the dynamics of the quantitative changes permits investigation of the prostaglandin to be used to certify whether the victim was alive or not, as well as when the skin damage was inflicted. PMID- 3163212 TI - The pharmacologic basis for the efficacy of high-dose Ara-C and sequential asparaginase in adult acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - Dose-related effects of ara-C include overcoming a relative transport impediment in human leukemia cells. This result then allows intracellular metabolism and incorporation into DNA to proceed to the maximum extent possible. In addition, the increased synthesis of ara-CDP-choline associated with these high doses may serve as an alternate substrate for phosphatidyl choline synthesis, which may contribute to membrane fragility and cell lysis. HiDAC also serves as a "prodrug" for high concentrations of ara-U, which in turn diminishes ara-C catabolism with a prolonged gamma phase of systemic clearance and also causes cytostasis in S phase with enhanced anabolism and cytotoxicity of subsequent doses of ara-C. This metabolite/drug interaction could be termed "self-potentiation," a feature which contributes to the overall activity of HiDAC. Asparaginase enhances these effects in a schedule-dependent fashion by lowering the cellular pool size of dCTP and consequent enhanced metabolism of ara-C. The therapeutic benefit of these pharmacologic manipulations has been verified in a randomized clinical trial in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 3163214 TI - [Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a patient with AIDS: first described case in Belgium]. PMID- 3163216 TI - Treatment of depression using citalopram with less side-effects. PMID- 3163215 TI - Light microscopical and scanning electron microscopical examinations of deposits on disposable constant wear lenses. AB - An inexpensive, disposable soft contact lens for extended wear (DanaLens) has been developed. The lens is polymerized moulded in the wet state from hydroxyethyl methylacrylate and hydroxyethyl acrylate. Twenty-two pairs of the lens have in an open study been worn permanently from 1 to 43 days. Light microscopical and scanning electron microscopical examinations of the used lenses showed: superficial deposits on the front surfaces of the lenses of a mucous like, easily removable material. Neither bacteria nor fungi were demonstrated. PMID- 3163217 TI - A long-term prospective evaluation of the circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy in alleviating orthodontic relapse. AB - This prospective study conducted during a period of nearly 15 years initially involved 320 consecutively selected cases. The primary purpose of the investigation was to statistically evaluate the efficacy of the circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy (CSF) procedure in alleviating dental relapse following orthodontic treatment. The "Irregularity Index" method of Little for measuring the malposition of teeth was used to quantitatively record the relapse of the control and CSF cases at approximately 4 to 6 years after active treatment and again at 12 to 14 years after active treatment. The differences between the mean relapses of the control and the CSF cases were highly significant at both time intervals. The surgical procedure appeared to be somewhat more effective in alleviating pure rotational relapse than in labiolingual relapse. On a long-term basis, the CSF procedure was shown to be more successful in reducing relapse in the maxillary anterior segment than in the mandibular anterior segment. Nevertheless, a significant and unpredictable variation in individual tooth movement following orthodontic treatment was observed in both the control and CSF groups. No clinically significant increase in the periodontal sulcus depth nor decrease in the labially attached gingiva of the CSF teeth was observed at 1 and 6 months following the surgical procedure. PMID- 3163218 TI - Substitution of a transposed premolar for a congenitally absent lateral incisor. AB - The purpose of this report is to review the orthodontic treatment of a patient with bilateral transposition of maxillary canines and first premolars in addition to congenital absence of a maxillary lateral incisor. This unique combination of factors led to substitution of the maxillary left first premolar for the left lateral incisor. The occlusal fit, gingival form, and esthetic appearance of premolar/lateral incisor substitution are discussed. PMID- 3163219 TI - Exposure reduction in cephalometric radiology: a comprehensive approach. AB - Various methods have been proposed and investigated for the purpose of reducing radiation exposures in cephalometric radiography. The purpose of this investigation was to use various dose-reducing methods from four major categories -(1) rare-earth intensifying screens, (2) rare-earth filtration, (3) prepatient soft-tissue enhancement methods, and (4) films varying in speed and latitude--to determine optimal combinations on the basis of exposure reduction and image quality achieved. In laboratory tests and clinical trials, radiation doses were compared along with various tests of image quality for the standard system currently used at this institution and for experimental systems. Image quality was assessed by standard panel-of-expert methods and more quantitative methods involving optical densitometry, contrast indices, and landmark envelopes of error. Results demonstrated that significant exposure reductions were achievable, often with improved image quality. The degree of exposure reduction was dependent largely upon the type of intensifying screen and to a lesser extent on beam filtration or film types. The greatest reduction in exposures were achieved with techniques using rare-earth beam filtration. Image quality was highest with a new wide-latitude type film. Because such significant reduction in radiation exposure for cephalometrics is possible with new techniques, we conclude that a change from the previous standard should occur. In establishing a new technique, orthodontists should consider adopting rare-earth screens and beam filters, flat grained films, prepatient soft-tissue enhancement methods, and the elimination of grids. PMID- 3163220 TI - A retrospective study of relapse in rigidly fixated sagittal split osteotomies: contributing factors. AB - Fifty-one patients who underwent mandibular advancements with or without genioplasties were rigidly fixated with three, 2-mm bicortical screws per side. Radiographs were digitized preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, at 6 weeks, at 6 months, and at a subsequent long-term follow-up period. Location of the cephalometric landmarks, referenced to a vertical reference line (in millimeters), was used as the dependent variable. An overall inspection of the data shows that rigidly fixated mandibular advancements were very stable. The average case showed further advancement of pogonion from 6 weeks to the long-term follow-up period. However, relapse was noted in several cases. Factors that could be used as predictors of relapse were examined. Results indicated that magnitude of advancement was the only factor that successfully predicted relapse, accounting for 37.9% of the variance in the sample. Anatomic changes found to accompany such advancement are as follows: (1) when pogonion comes forward, anterior facial height and mandibular plane decrease while the proximal segment rotates forward, and (2) the maxillary central incisors flare and the mandibular incisors upright during this time period. A small degree of relapse as assessed at pogonion occurred during the first 6 weeks, followed by an advancement from 6 weeks to the longest time interval after the surgical procedure. However, these directional movements were not statistically significant. PMID- 3163221 TI - An evaluation of changes in mandibular anterior alignment from 10 to 20 years postretention. AB - Pretreatment, end of treatment, 10-year postretention, and 20-year postretention records of 31 four premolar extraction cases were assessed to evaluate stability and relapse of mandibular anterior alignment. Crowding continued to increase during the 10- to 20-year postretention phase but to a lesser degree than from the end of retention to 10 years postretention. Only 10% of the cases were judged to have clinically acceptable mandibular alignment at the last stage of diagnostic records. Cases responded in a diverse unpredictable manner with no apparent predictors of future success when considering pretreatment records or the treated results. PMID- 3163222 TI - The longitudinal effects of growth on the Wits appraisal. AB - The longitudinal changes occurring between the ages of 4 and 24 years in the Wits appraisal and its component parts were evaluated in 40 persons. Contrary to what may have been believed previously, the Wits appraisal was not found to remain stable throughout the growth period. When the findings of the Wits appraisal were studied in individual subjects, there was a wide range of variation. Real changes in the Wits appraisal were found to be disguised clinically by the differential sagittal growth of pogonion in relation to B point, especially in male subjects. Furthermore, the appraisal was found to be affected profoundly by changes occurring in the angulation of the occlusal plane. It was concluded that if the Wits appraisal is to be used, it should be used in conjunction with other methods of assessment of apical base discrepancies and with due regard for the likely effects of changes in its component parts. PMID- 3163223 TI - The malpractice morass. PMID- 3163224 TI - Re: The mini-visualized treatment objective. PMID- 3163225 TI - Re: The effects of perennial allergic rhinitis on dental and skeletal development: a comparison of sibling pairs. PMID- 3163226 TI - Nasal airway measurements. PMID- 3163227 TI - Lower premolar extraction combined with Herbst treatment for mandibular retrognathia: a risky treatment concept. PMID- 3163228 TI - Serum markers and clinical data in diagnosing pancreatic cancer: a contrastive approach. AB - In order to assess the value of serum markers and simple clinical data in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, we studied 32 control subjects and 28 patients with pancreatic cancer, 26 with chronic pancreatitis, and 37 with extra-pancreatic diseases. CA 19-9 was found to be the best marker in detecting pancreatic cancer. Among the clinical data, presence and onset of pain attacks, age, and weight loss were selected as the most informative in assessing chronic pancreatic disease. Clinical data correctly classified 88.5% of chronic pancreatitis and 75.0% of pancreatic cancer; serum markers identified pancreatic tumor in 67.9% of the patients. The adjunct of serum markers to clinical data did not improve accuracy in diagnosing chronic pancreatic disease. Since clinical data and serum markers generally become positive at an advanced stage of the disease, early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is a goal still to be attained. PMID- 3163230 TI - Significance of multiparameter flow cytometric analysis of ovarian cancer. AB - A prospective flow cytometric examination of ovarian epithelial tumors was undertaken to further characterize aneuploid (including triploid and tetraploid) tumor cell populations according to expression of ovarian tumor antigen CA125 and to expression of class I (normally present in ovarian epithelium) and class II (normally absent in ovarian epithelium) major histocompatibility complex antigens. Samples from thirty-two of 42 patients (76%) exhibited at least one aneuploid population of tumor cells. Separate analysis of the aneuploid and diploid components of samples with aneuploid populations revealed between-tumor variation: seven of 23 aneuploid populations (30%) were positive for CA125; eight of 22 aneuploid populations (40%) exhibited substantial decreases in major histocompatibility complex class I expression, compared with corresponding diploid components of the same samples; and eight of 22 aneuploid populations (36%) exhibited substantial expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens. The frequencies of aneuploid populations and of the foregoing antigen expression categories were independent of tumor cell type, stage, and grade. The significance of these results for prognosis remains to be determined. PMID- 3163229 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus infection in hemophiliac patients. A three-year prospective evaluation. AB - Thirty-seven heterosexual hemophiliac patients underwent prospective evaluation with clinical examinations, serologic studies for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and tests of immune function for an average of 37 months. At the time of entry into the study in 1982 to 1983, 18 subjects (49 percent) were already seropositive for HIV and 11 (30 percent) had persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. Seventy percent of the total population were clinically asymptomatic. In nine subjects, seroconversion occurred during the study such that 81 percent of the population was seropositive at the conclusion. During the same period, lymphadenopathy developed in six subjects, there was progression to AIDS-related complex (ARC) in four, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed in one patient. Thus, at the end of the study, 54 percent were clinically asymptomatic, 32 percent had persistent lymphadenopathy, and 11 percent had ARC. Subjects who remained seronegative had received less factor concentrate than seropositive subjects, remained asymptomatic, and had normal results on tests of immune function. In those who had experienced seroconversion, there were decreased absolute numbers of CD4+ lymphocytes prior to seroconversion, and abnormalities of lymphocyte function developed after seroconversion. The development of persistent generalized lymphadenopathy was associated temporally with seroconversion. The presence of persistent generalized lymphadenopathy did not appear to be associated with an increased risk for AIDS in seropositive persons, since the condition of most hemophiliac patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy at the time of initial evaluation remained clinically and immunologically stable. In contrast to patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, asymptomatic seropositive subjects had progressive abnormalities of lymphocyte function over time that were independent of the numbers of CD4+ cells in the peripheral blood. PMID- 3163232 TI - Overnight corneal swelling response in adapted and unadapted extended wear patients. AB - This investigation compared the overnight swelling response in adapted and unadapted subjects who were wearing a 0.035 mm, low water content hydrogel contact lens. Six subjects who had not worn contact lenses previously (unadapted) and six subjects who had worn extended wear hydrogel lenses for 1.5 years participated in the study. Baseline corneal thickness measurements were taken in the evening and after 7.5 h of sleeping with the lenses on overnight. The unadapted subjects showed more overnight swelling and at each time interval for 3 h the next morning under open-eye conditions. The rate of deswelling was the same for each group. PMID- 3163231 TI - Corneal endothelial polymegathism after the extended wear of rigid gas-permeable contact lenses. AB - To determine if there are any corneal endothelial cell size and shape changes in subjects wearing rigid gas-permeable contact lenses for cosmetic extended wear, six unadapted lens wearers were fitted using four different lens materials. Each subject wore one lens extended-wear and the other daily-wear for 3 months. Before lens wear and after 3 months, noncontact endothelial photographs were taken. Cell tracings were analyzed by a digitizing computer. This study showed significant endothelial polymegathism, an increase in maximum cell area to minimum cell area, and a significant decrease in percent frequency of hexagonal cells in the extended-wear eyes. There existed in these subjects a significant correlation between changes in cell size (polymegathism) and cell shape (pleomorphism). PMID- 3163233 TI - Antigen and haplotype frequencies at three human leucocyte antigen loci (HLA-A, B, -C) in the Pawaia of Papua New Guinea. AB - The genetic profile of the Pawaia, a seminomadic, linguistic isolate from the highlands fringe of Papua New Guinea, is described in terms of antigen and haplotype frequencies at three class I human leucocyte antigen loci (HLA-A, -B, and -C). The Pawaia, like other Papua New Guinea populations, exhibit restricted polymorphisms at all three loci studied, both in the number of alleles segregating and in the level of average heterozygosity. An extremely high frequency (52.9%) of HLA-B27, the antigen implicated in the pathogenesis of seronegative arthropathies, was found. A novel HLA-C locus specificity, CNG, resulting probably from a gene duplication event, was also observed in significant numbers. Although the gene frequency comparisons suggest their strong affinities with the highlanders, the Pawaia haplotypes reveal significant admixture from other neighbouring groups as well. The usefulness of HLA haplotypes in tracing the movements of human populations in the New Guinea area is discussed. PMID- 3163234 TI - Genetic markers in the Hindu and Muslim Gujjars of Northwestern India. AB - A comparative study of serogenetic markers was carried out among the Hindu and Muslim Gujjars from Northwestern India. From each isolate of Gujjars, 200 adult couples were examined for the A1A2BO and Rhesus blood groups, ABH secretion, the serum proteins haptoglobins, transferrins, and albumins, and 200 male subjects were examined for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme deficiency. The study showed that the Muslim Gujjars differ significantly from their counterpart, the Hindu Gujjars. The differentiation that has occurred among the Muslim Gujjars may be attributed to their geographical dispersal in diverse habitats, the inflow of genes from Islamic invaders as well as non-Islamic surrounding populations, the inbreeding effect, and the comparative breeding isolation. The genetic affinities of the Hindu Gujjars with the Jats and Rajputs provide strong evidence for their common ethnic origin and probably their recent fissioning owing to biosocial practices and occupational patterns. The computed genetic distance matrix shows diversity of Ahirs from all the concerned population groups. PMID- 3163235 TI - Mechanisms of conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase in ischemic rat liver and kidney. AB - Previous studies have proposed and supported a role for the proteolytic, irreversible conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase (XO) in postischemic injury in a wide variety of organs. A second mechanism of conversion, due to sulfhydryl modification and reversible with dithiothreitol (DTT), is potentially important but has not been well investigated. In this study rat liver and kidney were found to produce significant amounts of DTT-reversible XO during normothermic global ischemia. Formation of reversible XO precedes that of irreversible XO by approximately 0.5 h with a strong correlation (r = 0.92) existing between the rate of irreversible XO formation and the concentration of reversible XO. The formation of reversible XO is preceded by a depletion of glutathione with concentrations of glutathione during ischemia correlating (r = 0.85) with the observed concentration of reversible XO. While a large increase in the extent of liver damage occurs concurrently with conversion in an in vivo liver model of liver ischemia, an ischemia-reperfusion regimen (1 h of ischemia plus 0.5 h of reperfusion) that resulted in no conversion caused significant elevations in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase. Rats depleted of XO by tungsten dieting release 65% less enzyme after the same insult, suggesting that endogenous XO may also participate in the damage process independent of any conversion. PMID- 3163236 TI - Conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to oxidase in ischemic rat intestine: a reevaluation. AB - Oxygen radicals derived from xanthine oxidase (XO) are important mediators of the cellular injury associated with reperfusion of ischemic intestine, stomach, liver, kidney, and pancreas. XO exists in nonischemic tissue predominantly as xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and converts to oxygen radical-producing XO with ischemia. Grinding intestine under liquid nitrogen and placing the powder in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing thiol reductants and protease inhibitors adequately preserved total XDH + XO activity and the percentage in the oxidase form (%XO) for 24 h. Total activity in nonischemic intestine ranged from 374 nmol.min-1.g-1 in duodenum to 138 nmol.min-1.g-1 in ileum, while XO activity was approximately 19% of total activity throughout the entire small intestine. The rate of XDH conversion to XO during normothermic ischemia varied only slightly throughout the intestine, increasing 13% per hour to 34, 46, and 61% XO after 1, 2, and 3 h of ischemia, respectively. Our results contrast with previous reports where XDH conversion to XO occurred within 60 s ischemia but are consistent with physiological and morphological evidence of ischemic injury and provide further support for involvement of XO in intestinal injury associated with ischemia. PMID- 3163237 TI - Breathing system gas pressure monitoring and venting, ventilator monitors and alarms. PMID- 3163238 TI - An improved method of purification of transforming growth factor, type beta from platelets. AB - Platelets contain high concentrations of TGF-beta and for this reason have been the primary source of materials for its purification. The yield from acid-ethanol extracts of platelets has been reported to be 0.5 microgram/unit of platelets. We have developed a method which yields approximately 2 micrograms/unit of platelets from acid-ethanol extracts. The use of an ion-exchange column followed by RPLC results in a homogeneous product in less time and with fewer manipulations than the previously published methods. A tritiated thymidine incorporation assay using the CC164 cell line is described for the quantitation of TGF-beta. PMID- 3163239 TI - Iodination of peptidyl chloromethyl ketones for protease affinity labels. AB - The specificity of peptidyl chloromethyl ketones has been used to label proteases in complex biological systems by incorporating tyrosine into the structure for eventual radioiodination. Contrary to results with iodination of proteins, a mild reagent, that is, one which iodinates at neutrality, was unsuitable, giving complex mixtures with poor reproducibility, apparently because of side reactions at the chloromethyl ketone group. On the other hand, iodine monochloride in acetic acid provided clean products. In the cases examined where a tyrosine residue was not appropriate for the specificity of the target protease, this residue was located well displaced from the primary specificity site. The resultant diiodotyrosine-containing derivatives were generally highly active as protease inhibitors. The p-aminobenzoyl group was used as an alternative to tyrosine as an iodinatable component. PMID- 3163240 TI - [Hypoxia secondary to the failure of an oxygen-air-nitrous oxide mixer]. AB - A case is reported of hypoxia occurring during anaesthesia in a spontaneously breathing ASA I patient. The patient became cyanotic twice when breathing a gas mixture delivered by a safety mixer. Changing the machine solved the immediate problem. The diagnosis was difficult to make because the rotameters all showed normal delivery of oxygen and nitrous oxide. Oximetry elucidated the cause, which was found to be a defective rapid oxygen control. Because these machines do not appear to be absolutely reliable, the use of gas analysers should become more systematic. PMID- 3163241 TI - Comparison of difloxacin, enoxacin, and cefazolin for the treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. AB - This study compared difloxacin administered orally, enoxacin administered orally, and cefazolin administered intramuscularly for the treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Difloxacin significantly reduced bacterial counts of vegetations compared with enoxacin. This study demonstrated that difloxacin was significantly more effective than enoxacin and as effective as cefazolin for the treatment of S. aureus endocarditis in rabbits. PMID- 3163243 TI - Mycotic intracranial abscesses during induction treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - A boy with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia developed mycotic cerebral abscesses despite treatment with amphotericin. He survived this episode on combination antifungal treatment. PMID- 3163242 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxidans to 24 antimicrobial agents. AB - The in vitro susceptibilities of 37 clinical isolates of Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxidans to 24 antimicrobial agents were determined. Imipenem was the only drug with consistent activity (MIC for 90% of isolates, 2 micrograms/ml). Piperacillin, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, and co trimoxazole were active against most strains. All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefamandole, cefotetan, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, aztreonam, amdinocillin, and temocillin. Most isolates were resistant to the aminoglycosides tested, including amikacin. Lack of activity was also observed for all new 4-quinolone antimicrobial agents. PMID- 3163244 TI - Cardiopulmonary bypass in leukemic patients. PMID- 3163247 TI - The use of polymorphic markers to detect genetic variability. PMID- 3163245 TI - [Statistical distribution of the serum markers Gm(1), Gm(2), Gm(10) and Inv(1) in German probands and Turkish probands living in Germany]. AB - Frequencies of Gm- and Km-phenotypes were studied in German and Turkish individuals. Collected data originate from casework of police forensic science laboratories in West Germany and Berlin. Distribution of Km-phenotypes is homogeneous in Germans and Turks, while distribution of Gm-phenotypes shows significant heterogeneity. PMID- 3163246 TI - Pneumobelt use among high quadriplegic population. AB - This study reviews pneumobelt use in an acute rehabilitation facility. All pneumobelt users between 1976 and 1986 were identified. Their age, sex, diagnosis, and time required to adjust to the pneumobelt were studied, as were patterns of use at discharge. Information was collected about use after discharge and about reported advantages and disadvantages. Twenty-three subjects were identified: 21 had spinal cord injuries (SCI), two had had poliomyelitis. The average pneumobelt fitting was three to six months after injury. Twelve SCI patients attained four or more hours of continuous, generally all-day use; another patient achieved this after discharge. Of the remaining eight SCI subjects, all achieved a minimum of two hours of continuous use. The two poliomyelitis patients also achieved all-day use. The survey revealed a high level of satisfaction and continued pneumobelt use after discharge. Major reported advantages were cosmesis, improved speech, independence and mobility, comfort, safety, and health. The pneumobelt is recommended as a leading choice for interim or permanent ventilation of the high quadriplegic population without severe brainstem involvement. PMID- 3163248 TI - Who should regulate? PMID- 3163249 TI - Functional activity of rat testicular cells in culture. AB - Testicular cells from adult hypophysectomized rats were cultured for 10 or 12 days, and the effect of treatment with hCG (10 ng/ml) on testosterone and progesterone production and the activity of the Leydig cell enzyme, 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, were studied. Regardless of hormone treatment, on 4th day in culture a decline in the steroidogenic activity of cultured cells could be observed. Treatment with hCG resulted in stimulation of steroidogenesis on days 6 to 10 in culture, as measured by testosterone and progesterone production. Hormone treatment stimulated or inhibited the enzyme activity depending on the presence or absence in the culture medium of 10(-6) M spironolactone, an inhibitor of 17 alpha-hydroxylase, or an anti-androgen, cyproterone acetate. PMID- 3163250 TI - An alternative concept for the molecular nature of the peroxidating ability of anthracycline anti-tumor antibiotics and anthracenodiones. AB - Quantum chemical calculations of model anthraquinone molecules using the CNDO/2 method have revealed that superoxide anion radical formation following the single electron transfer mediated by anthraquinone anti-tumor antibiotics may occur in aerobic conditions as a result of the direct addition of an electron to the anthraquinone-oxygen low energy charge transfer complex that is formed with singlet oxygen. Cyclovoltammetric measurements have been performed in order to provide experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis. The structural requirements for an anthraquinone molecule not exhibiting peroxidating ability by the above mechanism have been postulated. They include maximum symmetry of electron density distribution (symmetry of the molecule), a decrease of the electron density of the pi electron system and an increase in the rigidity of the molecule. PMID- 3163251 TI - Effects of "anorexia" on appetitive and consummatory behavior. AB - In order to assess the effects of anorexigenic agents on appetitive and consummatory behavior, rats were given sweetened milk either in a bottle or by infusion through an intraoral cannula. In the first experiment, amphetamine (AMP; 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) had no effect on the intake of cannula-fed rats but suppressed the intake of bottle-fed rats at the highest two doses. Although increased activity was observed at the highest dose, bottle-fed rats drank less than cannula-fed rats at each dose of the drug. Fenfluramine (FEN; 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent decrease in intake with both methods of feeding, but the effect was greater in bottle-fed rats. Although FEN had marked sedative effects at the highest two doses, bottle-fed rats drank less than cannula-fed rats at each dose of the drug. In a second experiment, cannula- and bottle-fed rats were given milk adulterated with various concentrations of quinine hydrochloride (QHCl; 0, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02%). QHCl had no effect on the intake of cannula-fed rats but decreased the intake of bottle-fed rats at the highest two concentrations. In a final experiment, the effect of AMP (1 mg/kg) was assessed in a conditioned aversion paradigm. Rats were given four conditioning trials in which access to a 0.1% sodium saccharin solution was followed by an injection of AMP. Again, bottle-fed rats showed greater suppression of intake than cannula-fed rats. Taken together, these results demonstrate that anorexigenic drugs affect appetitive behavior more than consummatory behavior. The implications of these findings for understanding the mechanism of behavioral tolerance are discussed. PMID- 3163252 TI - Peritonsillar abscess. A prospective evaluation of outpatient management by needle aspiration. AB - Outpatient management of peritonsillar abscess by needle aspiration and oral antibiotic therapy was evaluated for its effectiveness in providing rapid symptom relief and cure and in preventing recurrence. Between 1984 and 1987, 124 patients with peritonsillar infection were treated in our department, and 115 were included in this prospective study. Needle aspiration was not carried out in 11 patients because of young age, noncooperation, or severe trismus. The other 104 patients underwent permucosal aspiration and were followed up for periods of four months to three years. Of these, findings of aspiration were positive in 75 (72%). Only nine (12%) of the 75 patients with positive aspirates had to be hospitalized. In 64 (85%) of the 75 patients, the abscess resolved without further therapy. Aspiration of pus, along with oral administration of antibiotics, thus appears to be a reasonable alternative to incision and drainage or "hot" tonsillectomy in patients with peritonsillar abscess. This conservative approach obviates the need for hospital admission in most patients, thus enabling a significant cost reduction. PMID- 3163253 TI - Isotypic restriction of the antibody response to human immunodeficiency virus. AB - HIV-infected individuals progress toward AIDS despite the early elicitation of a specific immune response. Analysis of the isotypic distribution of HIV-specific antibodies appears of special interest for two reasons: first, isotypic diversity is partly under the control of antigen-specific T-helper cells, the very cells infected by HIV; second, isotype determines antibody functions, effector (neutralization, antibody-dependent complement, or cell-mediated cytotoxicity) as well as blocking functions. We have investigated by Western blot analysis the isotypic profile of the antibody response to HIV structural proteins (env, gag, pol) and to the nonstructural protein F (3' orf), which is absent from the virion and might primarily target infected cells. In 115 asymptomatic individuals, infected by sexual contact (homosexual men) or intravenously (hemophiliacs), the response to gag-products was polyisotypic, including IgM, IgG1, IgG3 and IgA; the response to F was more restricted (IgM, IgG1, IgA) and the response to env strikingly restricted to the IgG1 isotype, suggesting different regulatory mechanisms in the B-cell response to these proteins. The isotypic distribution was also influenced by the route of infection, IgG4 and IgE (gag-specific) being exclusively elicited in the hemophiliac group. Finally, observations of potential diagnostic interest were made in a limited number of at-risk individuals; these included the presence of gag- and pol-specific IgM or IgA in the absence of any HIV-specific IgG isotypes; and the presence of gag- and F-specific antibodies in the absence of env-specific antibodies, suggesting the early occurrence of both isotypic and antigenic selection mechanisms during the course of HIV infection. PMID- 3163254 TI - Detection of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies by a simple, rapid, colorimetric assay. AB - A rapid, simple, reproducible and semi-quantitative assay to measure neutralizing antibodies has been developed. It employs a unique cell line which is exquisitively sensitive to infection with all HIV isolates tested. The assay is amenable to microtiter formulation as well as analysis by automation. PMID- 3163255 TI - Demonstration of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin in non-T-acute lymphocytic leukemia cases of children with immunoelectron microscopic examination. AB - Leukemic cells from 25 cases of non-T-acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in children were investigated for intracellular immunoglobulin by the use of immunoelectron microscopic study (immuno-EM). As a result, 12 cases were negative for both heavy and light chains of the immunoglobulin in the neoplastic cells. Of these, one case that was also negative for common ALL antigen (CALLA) was defined as null cell type. The remaining 11 cases were defined as common ALL type. Six cases were defined as pre-B-cell type because they were positive for cytoplasmic mu chain but negative for cytoplasmic light chains. Seven cases were defined as B cell type, all of which possessed lambda light chains in the neoplastic cells. Immunohistologic studies using monoclonal antibodies showed that most non-T-ALL cases were positive for CALLA and B4, whereas about 50% of them were positive for B1. Our immuno-EM study suggests that it is one of the effective ways of subclassifying non-T-ALL in children. PMID- 3163256 TI - Prognostic significance of blood and marrow findings in acute myelogenous leukemia in remission. A Southeastern Cancer Study Group report. AB - Bone marrow and peripheral blood findings at the time of complete remission were analyzed in 333 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia to determine if any variables were predictive for remission duration and survival. Patients were categorized as to percentage of blasts, promyelocytes, erythroid precursors and lymphocytes in the marrow and hemoglobin concentration, leukocyte and platelet counts, and percentage of granulocytes and blasts in the blood. Additionally, the degree of cellularity in the marrow aspirate and biopsy were analyzed. Patients with less than 1% blasts in the marrow had significantly longer remission durations than those with blasts greater than or equal to 1% (P less than 0.01). Those with hypercellular marrows had significantly shorter remission (P less than 0.05) and survival (P less than 0.01). The transient presence of more than 3% blasts in the blood also was suggestive of a shorter remission duration and survival. The presence of less than 1% blasts in the marrow, normal or decreased biopsy cellularity, and no anemia at the time of remission defined a "good" prognostic group. The quality of remission should be assessed in evaluating the results of therapy and assigning further treatment. PMID- 3163258 TI - Cytogenetics of acutely transformed chronic myeloproliferative syndromes without a Philadelphia chromosome. A multicenter study of 55 patients. Groupe Francais de Cytogenetique Hematologique. AB - In a multicenter study by the Groupe Francais de Cytogenetique Hematologique, chromosome investigation was undertaken in 55 cases of acutely transformed Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative syndromes (polycythemia vera, 34 cases; essential thrombocythemia, two cases; myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia of the spleen, 12 cases; other, unclassified myeloproliferative disorders, seven cases). Thirty-seven patients had received 32P radiotherapy and/or alkylating agents during the chronic phase, eight had received other cytotoxic drugs, and ten had received a noncytotoxic treatment. The duration of chronic phase ranged from 1 to 29 years (mean, 9.2 years). Nineteen karyotypes were established at the onset of transformation, when the percentage of bone marrow blasts was still low; 31 were performed at an overt acute leukemia stage, and five were carried out at both stages. Clonal abnormalities were seen in 96.3% of the karyotypes, of which 80.0% were structural defects, 20.0% hypoploidies, 36.4% hyperploidies, and 36.4% complex karyotypes or karyotypes with variations. In 20 cases the chromosome changes were of the type usually found in secondary leukemias; however, no clear relationship could be established between chromosomal defects and chronic phase treatments. The most frequently involved chromosomes were: #1 in 11 cases, #5 in 13, #6 in 13, #7 in 13, #8 in six, #12 in seven, #13 in 12, #17 in 14, #20 in seven, and #21 in four. Simple karyotypes, partial trisomy 1(q), del(6p), +8, +9, der(12q), del(13q), i(17q), and del(20q) are probably related to the disease, whereas, complex karyotypes, -5, del(5q), 7, del(7q), -17, and der(17) [other than an i(17q)] probably reflect treatment induced events. PMID- 3163257 TI - DNA analysis in the differential diagnosis of osteosarcoma. AB - The DNA content of osteosarcomas, and of giant cell tumors, osteoblastomas, aneurysmal bone cysts, and fibrous dysplasias was determined by cytophotometry. Of 158 tumors, 141 were histologically noncontroversial, whereas 17 posed diagnostic difficulties. In the noncontroversial group, all 41 benign tumors had a diploid (normal) DNA content. Ninety-two of 96 high-grade osteosarcomas were hyperploid (increased DNA content). The four analyzed low-grade parosteal osteosarcomas were diploid. Among 17 diagnostically controversial cases, nine were primarily diagnosed and treated as benign. Three of these patients, nevertheless, exhibited a malignant clinical course and two had local recurrence. All five proved to have hyperploid tumors. The four nonrecurrent lesions were diploid. Of eight patients primarily evaluated as malignant, one died and two developed local recurrence. These three patients had hyperploid tumors. Among the five nonrecurrent lesions, two were hyperploid and three diploid. In the diagnostically controversial group, recurrence or death was consistently related to hyperploidy. The present study shows that the vast majority of high-grade osteosarcomas are hyperploid. Benign bone tumors, which may be mixed up histologically with osteosarcoma, are diploid. Routine DNA analysis of primary bone tumors, as an adjunct to histopathologic assessment, can be employed to obtain diagnostic confirmation. In cases presenting histopathologic difficulties, ploidy determination may provide decisive diagnostic information. PMID- 3163259 TI - Nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood. AB - The leukemic cell karyotype was studied in 103 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. An abnormal chromosome pattern was revealed in 81 of 98 patients studied before treatment (82.6%) and in the five children studied in relapse. Aside from specific chromosomal abnormalities defined by the Third International Workshop on Chromosomes in Leukemia, other nonrandom rearrangements were observed, particularly del(14)(q11-13), del(12)(p11-12), and t(1;19)(q22-23;p13), often associated with partial trisomy for 1q. Patients with del(14) had tumorous lymph-nodes or other extramedullary tumors. The course of the disease in these children was rapid. Patients with markers such as Ph, 6q-,14q+, and with a t(4;11) had a low incidence of complete remission and short survival. The most favorable course of the disease was observed in the group of children with over 50 chromosomes in the leukemic cells. PMID- 3163260 TI - 5q- syndrome terminating in acute myeloid leukemia. Karyotype evolution and immunologic characterization of blast cells. AB - We report a case of 5q- syndrome that progressed to acute nonlymphocytic leukemia after 9 years of clinically and morphologically stable disease. The transition from the chronic to the leukemic phase was characterized by the appearance of an additional cytogenetic anomaly [inv(2)] in the cell carrying the 5q-, together with the expansion of a clone showing an apparently normal karyotype. PMID- 3163261 TI - Chromosomes in Ewing's sarcoma. I. An evaluation of 85 cases of remarkable consistency of t(11;22)(q24;q12). AB - Since our initial reports on chromosomal studies in eight Ewing's sarcomas (ES), we have carried out similar investigations on 23 additional ES specimens following short-term culture of tumor cells (16 cases), and established in vitro cell lines (three cases) and on xenografted tumors in nude mice (four cases). We demonstrated the presence of the reciprocal t(11;22)(q24;q12) in every case except one that exhibited a complex t(11;22;14)(q24;q12;q11). On the basis of results from these additional 23 cases, we confirm the consistency of the t(11;22)(q24;q12) in ES. Moreover, we reviewed 54 ES cases reported by other investigators; when added to our 31 cases, this brings the total number to 85 unrelated cases of ES available for an evaluation of the frequency of involvement of bands 11q24 and 22q12 in translocations in ES. The standard t(11;22)(q24;q12) proved to be a remarkably consistent event, present in 83% of the cases. Five percent of the cases exhibited complex translocations involving a third chromosome in addition to chromosomes #11 and #22. In 4% of the cases variant translocations involved 22q12 but with a chromosome(s) other than #11. The breakpoint on chromosome 22q12 appears to be the most consistently observed event in 92% of the cases, whereas, the breakpoint at chromosome 11q24 was observed in 88% of the cases. PMID- 3163262 TI - Chromosomes in Ewing's sarcoma. II. Nonrandom additional changes, trisomy 8 and der(16)t(1;16). AB - Chromosomal data from 82 informative, unrelated Ewing's sarcoma (ES) specimens (including 20 personal specimens) were reviewed for secondary changes additional to the t(11;22)(q24;q12). Additional numerical and/or structural changes were found in 75 specimens. Trisomy 8 was observed consistently in half of the 43 cases selected for analysis of numerical changes. A nonrandom der(16) was observed as a result of an unbalanced t(1;16) in 18% of the 82 analyzed for structural changes. Consistent involvement of chromosome #16 in rearrangements with chromosome #1 may be an additional chromosome change specifically associated with ES. PMID- 3163263 TI - Tubulovillous adenoma of the colon with hyperdiploidy, double-minute chromosomes, and inversion of chromosome 1. AB - A sessile adenoma of the left flexure of the colon was studied after surgical colectomy. Specimens were obtained for complete histologic evaluation. The tumor consisted of glandular tubes with decreased mucin production and a papillary structure on the luminal aspect. The muscularis mucosa was not involved; there was no carcinomatous focus. Cytogenetic study was carried out on 56 cells; none was normal, 77% were hyperdiploid (52-87 chromosomes), 16% were hypodiploid (18 39 chromosomes), and 7% were paradiploid. The supernumerary chromosomes were chromosomes #3, #6, #13, #19, and #20; chromosome #18 was missing in 80% of the cells. A marker for chromosome #1 resulting from a q21.1-q21.2 break with inversion of the centromere-bearing segment (pter-q21) was observed in 58% of the cells. Twenty-five percent of the cells had double minute chromosomes. Despite the histologically benign nature of the tumor, all the cells showed significant cytogenetic aberrations, some of which are considered to be markers of neoplastic transformation (polyploidy, double minutes, chromosome #1 marker). PMID- 3163264 TI - t(10;17) as the sole chromosome change in a uterine leiomyosarcoma. AB - A cytogenetic analysis in a primary uterine leiomyosarcoma revealed a t(10;17) as the only chromosome change. This finding is discussed in relation to cytogenetic analyses on uterine leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas reported previously. PMID- 3163265 TI - Inversion of chromosome 5 long arm in region of cell growth gene cluster in hematologic disorders. AB - Inversions of the long (q) arm of chromosome #5 are reported in five cases with hematologic disorders. Inversion of 5q with breakpoints in bands 5q13 and 5q33 was found in two cases with lymphoid malignancy and in two cases of myeloid hematologic malignancy. Because an inversion of 5q with breakpoints in 5q22 and 5q33 was also found in a case with myeloproliferative syndrome, the common denominator in these five cases was band 5q33. An extraordinary cluster of genes affecting cell growth and differentiation is present on 5q and may be altered by the chromosome rearrangement of 5q in hematologic disorders. PMID- 3163266 TI - Complex translocation involving chromosomes #1, #9, and #22 in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - A case of Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia with a complex translocation involving chromosomes #1, #9, and #22 is described. All cells in the bone marrow showed this rearrangement, and Q-banding analysis showed the predominant karyotype to be 46,XY, t(1;9;22)(p22;q34;q11). PMID- 3163268 TI - Infantile leukemia with a new chromosomal rearrangement involving 11q. PMID- 3163267 TI - Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with trisomy 8 and a related clone with trisomy 8 and t(15;17). AB - We describe a patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia who showed trisomy 8 in 100% of his bone marrow metaphases. Of interest was the finding that 20% of the Giemsa-banded metaphases also showed t(15;17)(q22;q21), with breakpoints indistinguishable from those seen in cases of acute progranulocytic leukemia (APL). The patient showed no morphologic or clinical evidence of APL, and he died after 6 months, with no evidence that the disease had progressed to acute leukemia. Although cytogenetically the breakpoints appeared to be the same as those in APL, we suspect that this patient's translocation may have differed at the molecular level from the t(15;17) commonly seen in APL. PMID- 3163269 TI - Translocation (8;16) in acute myelomonocytic leukemia. PMID- 3163270 TI - New cytogenetic subtype of renal tumors. PMID- 3163271 TI - Metabolism, incorporation into DNA, and interactions with 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine of 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60). AB - 5-Hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5HmdUrd) and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C) had a dose-dependent synergistic or antagonistic action on growth of human promyelocytic leukemic (HL-60) cells in suspension culture. For instance, in 3-day cultures, the cell number was reduced from 100% (with either 100 nM Ara C or 10 microM 5HmdUrd alone) to 65% (with 100 nM Ara-C plus 10 microM 5HmdUrd), or from 35% (with 1.0 microM Ara-C alone) to 10% (with 1.0 microM Ara-C plus 10 microM 5HmdUrd), compared to the control cultures without drugs. 1.0 and 10 microM 5HmdUrd potentiated the incorporation of radioactive Ara-C (1.0 microM) into HL-60 cell nucleic acids in 2-day cultures by 56 and 64%, respectively. 5HmdUrd-induced enhancement of Ara-C incorporation is one explanation for the synergism of these two drugs. On the other hand, 10 nM Ara-C partially inhibited the toxicity of 100 microM 5HmdUrd. Radioactive 5HmdUrd was incorporated into DNA, but not RNA, the rate being 5% of that observed with thymidine. [3H]5HmdUrd derived radioactivity remained stable in DNA for at least 24 h, indicating that the compound was not excised to a significant extent from DNA in these conditions. The incorporation of Ara-C and 5HmdUrd into DNA appeared to take place via different pathways, which is a second explanation for their synergism. Ara-C is the most important drug in the clinical chemotherapy of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. Experience with 5HmdUrd in experimental antileukemia chemotherapy has been promising. This novel combination of antileukemic agents merits further evaluation. PMID- 3163272 TI - Evidence for separate control by phorbol esters of CD18-dependent adhesion and translocation of protein kinase C in U-937 cells. AB - Treatment of U-937 GTB cells with tumor-promoting phorbol esters induced adherence of the cells to plastic, with a t1/2 of 20 min. The ED50 was determined to 3.3 nM for phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate and 0.3 nM for 12-O-tetradecanoyl-4 beta phorbol-13-acetate, whereas the non-tumor-promoting analogue 12-O-tetradecanoyl-4 alpha-phorbol-13-acetate was ineffective at concentrations up to 100 nM. The adherence process showed characteristics typical of leucocyte adhesion and was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to the leucocyte adhesion molecule CD18. The sublines of U-937, RES and RESREV made resistant to the action of low doses of phorbol ester regarding inhibition of DNA synthesis and containing lower levels of protein kinase C compared to U-937 GTB, were desensitized with respect to the adhesion response. Translocation of protein kinase C from cytosol to the particulate fraction occurred at about 10-fold higher concentrations of phorbol ester than the adhesion response in U-937 GTB cells, under otherwise similar conditions, whereas no difference in sensitivity was observed between the sublines. Also phorbol ester stimulation of choline incorporation into lipids exhibited lower sensitivity compared to the adhesion response with no difference observed between the various cell lines. The results indicate that CD18-dependent adhesion, like DNA synthesis, is controlled by phorbol esters in a manner unrelated to the translocation of protein kinase C and that the control mechanism might involve forms of protein kinase C which are subject to stable down modulation following TPA adaption of the cells. PMID- 3163273 TI - UVR induction of TGF alpha: a possible autocrine mechanism for the epidermal melanocytic response and for promotion of epidermal carcinogenesis. AB - The occurrence of the epidermal growth factor homologue, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha), in embryonic and neoplastic tissues suggests that it may be an oncofetal version of epidermal growth factor. A strong case is developing for TGF alpha to have an autocrine mode of action in sustaining the autonomous growth of several types of tumour. We propose that TGF alpha normally has an autocrine role not only in stimulating the growth of some fetal tissues but also with postnatal epidermal cells in response to local stimuli--in particular ultraviolet radiation (UVR). As a first step to test this hypothesis we have checked whether UVR will induce the production of TGF alpha, measured by radioimmunoassay, using a highly specific monoclonal antibody which recognizes native, biologically active human TGF alpha. We found that cultures of normal foreskin melanocytes do not produce detectable amounts of TGF alpha when grown under routine conditions, but, within 12 h of exposure to low doses of short wavelength UVR, significant quantities of TGF alpha are produced. The UVR-induced TGF alpha is both cell associated and released into the medium of these cultures. Also, UVR has a promoting action on epidermal cells which have been initiated by carcinogenic activity. A significant part of the promoting activity may be due to autocrine stimulation of multiplication of partially transformed epidermal cells. In this regard we found that UVR induced TGF alpha in HeLa cells and all human melanoma lines so far tested. Induction was complete within 24 h of a single exposure. Dose-response curves of TGF alpha induction in a malignant melanoma cell line showed a distinctive peak of factor induced by low (2 J/m2) doses of UVR. Higher doses which inhibit [3H]thymidine incorporation resulted in lower levels of induced TGF alpha. These findings are consistent with the participation of TGF alpha as an autocrine mediator of UVR-induced tumour promotion, as well as cell multiplication, in sun-exposed skin. PMID- 3163274 TI - Cellular-oncogene expression in Friend erythroleukemia cells: relationship to differentiation, commitment and TPA effects. AB - Induced differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells can be continuously and reversibly inhibited by phorbol ester tumor promoters, e.g. 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), for many years, allowing us to study the mechanisms of differentiation and its inhibition by TPA. We previously identified two steps in the differentiation process, which can be inhibited by TPA, before and after commitment to differentiation. Using permanently committed cells and TPA-resistant variants we examined the role of cellular oncogenes in Friend cell differentiation control, and their possible modulation by tumor-promoting phorbol esters. We report here characteristic changes in myc, myb and fos mRNA levels upon induction of differentiation by hexamethylene bisacetamide treatment, and present evidence that c-myb mRNA decline is one feature of Friend cell commitment to differentiation. In addition, using our TPA-sensitive and resistant cell lines, we observed that the hexamethylene bis-acetamide induced pattern of oncogene expression is unperturbed by TPA, regardless of whether the cells are differentiating or not. PMID- 3163275 TI - Follow these 10 steps before you blow a fuse. PMID- 3163277 TI - Tools of the trade. PMID- 3163276 TI - Asepsis in the darkroom. PMID- 3163278 TI - Take stock of your office inventory. PMID- 3163279 TI - Handle with care. PMID- 3163281 TI - '87 salary and benefit review. PMID- 3163282 TI - Focus on: your right to know. PMID- 3163280 TI - Attention to detail. PMID- 3163283 TI - Rotary cutting instruments. PMID- 3163284 TI - A disposable contact lens program: a preliminary report. PMID- 3163285 TI - Role of animal models in experimental studies of craniofacial growth following cleft lip and palate repair. AB - The present study was designed to examine the role of the animal model on investigations of craniofacial growth. Identical experimental protocols were followed using 6-week-old rabbits and 8-week-old beagles. Three groups were used for each species, two control groups and one experimental group. The groups within each experimental model were compared for lip pressure, occlusion, and cephalometrics. Statistical analyses including analyses of correlations were used to evaluate dimensional craniofacial relations. The results of this study revealed that dimensional relations were significantly different in rabbits and beagles despite the similarities observed in overall craniofacial growth aberrations. Analysis of the results does not allow strong conclusions about which animal model (rabbits or beagles) is more appropriate for studying craniofacial growth. PMID- 3163286 TI - Craniofacial growth in unilateral cleft lip and palate: skeletal growth from eight to eighteen years. AB - Sixteen individuals with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) were evaluated for determination of several craniofacial dimensional means and growth rates. Each had undergone primary lip and palatal closure and alveolar bone grafting. Serial cephalographs from ages 8 to 18 years, taken every 2 years, were utilized for determination of six cephalometric dimensions: anterior cranial base, upper and lower facial heights, posterior nasomaxillary height, maxillary horizontal length, and mandibular length. These were then compared to published cephalometric standards of a nonclefted group. All dimensions, except mandibular length, were smaller in the UCLP group. The horizontal maxillary length was the most diminished in mean length and growth rate; it appears to be most affected in UCLP. The remaining dimensions and growth rates are affected by UCLP, but to a lesser degree. These findings indicated that individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate are primarily and adversely affected by clefting (and the surgery as described) in the horizontal maxilla, both in dimension and growth rate. PMID- 3163287 TI - Phonetic analyses of the speech development of babies with cleft palate. AB - Phonetic transcription was completed of the vocalizations of 23 babies with cleft palate at 9 specified ages from 3 to 36 months of age. Frequency of occurrence was calculated for: (1) consonant place features, (2) consonant manner features, (3) stop types, (4) fricative types, (5) vowel place features, and (6) vowel height features. The data are discussed for the entire population, for those babies with greater palatal tissue for whom palatoplasty was conducted at or prior to 12 months of age and for those babies with lesser tissue for whom palatoplasty was conducted after 12 months of age. Results suggest that (1) neither group used oral place features at the rate produced by babies born with intact velopharyngeal mechanisms, but that (2) the greater tissue group exhibited somewhat higher emergence of oral stop and fricative productions. PMID- 3163288 TI - Prevalence of mouthbreathing in cleft lip and palate. AB - The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of mouthbreathing in the cleft population. Percent nasal breathing was assessed in 85 children and adults using a pneumotachograph to measure nasal volumes and an inductive plethysmograph to measure tidal volumes. Breathing mode was defined using the following classifications of percent nasal breathing: 80 to 100 percent, nasal; 60 to 79 percent, predominantly nasal; 40 to 59 percent, mixed oral-nasal; 20 to 39 percent, predominantly oral; 0 to 19 percent, oral. Results demonstrate that 68 percent of the subjects were oral, predominantly oral or mixed oral-nasal breathers, and 32 percent were predominantly nasal or nasal breathers. Adults had the same prevalence of mouthbreathing as children. These findings demonstrate that cleft lip/palate and its treatment frequently compromise nasal respiration. PMID- 3163289 TI - Dental arch dimensions in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. AB - In this investigation, dental arch dimensions during different ages were studied in 72 children with unilateral cleft of the lip, alveolar process, and palate and were compared with those of normal children. All the children with clefts were treated surgically by surgeons of the Lancaster Cleft Palate Clinic. The dental arch dimensions were studied with the use of dental casts during the time of full deciduous dentition (3 to 4 years of age), mixed dentition (8 to 9 years of age), and permanent dentition (12 years of age). The major findings were: (1) all maxillary interdental widths and lengths were significantly smaller than the normal dimensions at all ages, except for intermolar width at age 12 years; and (2) the mandibular arch dimensions seemed to be related to changes in the maxillary arch; however, the influence of surgical procedures in the maxillary arch is not reflected severely in mandibular arch dental position. PMID- 3163290 TI - Weight gain in children with cleft palate from birth to two years. AB - The weights from birth to 2 years of 77 babies with palatal clefts were compared with the weights of normal babies (Pomerance, 1979). Babies with clefts did not differ from normal infants in mean birth weight, but they lagged behind thereafter. Males were more impaired than females. PMID- 3163291 TI - Complications of primary palatoplasty: a twenty-one-year review. AB - The complications of 196 patients who underwent primary palatoplasties at North Carolina Memorial Hospital between 1963 and 1983 were reviewed. The von Langenbeck technique was utilized in 50 percent of the patients, the Wardill Kilner technique in 45 percent, and the Dorrance technique in 5 percent. Intravelar veloplasties were performed in 34 percent of the patients. The incidence of postoperative complications was: deaths, 0 percent; malignant hyperthermia, 0 percent; aborted procedures, 0.5 percent; feeding difficulties, 0.5 percent; aspiration, 0.5 percent; reexploration for bleeding, 0.5 percent; pneumonia, 1 percent; upper respiratory tract infections, 2 percent; postoperative airway difficulties, 3 percent; oropharyngeal infections, 4 percent; and otitis media, 10 percent. Later evaluations demonstrated problems with otitis media in 17 percent of the patients and fistulas in 6 percent. An additional palatal operation of some type was later required in 22 percent of the patients, with 18 percent of the patients requiring a pharyngeal flap. Intravelar veloplasties were associated with a decreased incidence of secondary pharyngeal flaps but also an increased transfusion requirement. The Wardill-Kilner technique was associated with a higher incidence of postoperative fistulas, and the use of perioperative antibiotics was associated with fewer postoperative fistulas. PMID- 3163292 TI - A comparison of palatoplasty with and without primary pharyngoplasty. AB - Two different procedures for treating patients with cleft palate are evaluated. The first procedure was push-back palatoplasty performed simultaneously with San Venero Roselli's pharyngoplasty before 18 months of age. The second procedure was isolated push-back displacement. Three hundred and forty-seven patients were reviewed. The two procedures were compared relative to the occurrence of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), severity of insufficiency, velopharyngeal closure pattern, movement of the lateral pharyngeal walls, and the influence of age at time of operation. Fewer of the patients who received the combination procedure presented VPI, and those who did tended to have less severe VPI. The groups were similar in velopharyngeal closure patterns and in movement of the lateral pharyngeal walls. Operation after 3 years of age tended to be associated with VPI. The combination procedure was helpful in preventing palatal shortening. Successful use of the combination procedure at an early age may prevent faulty articulation patterns. PMID- 3163293 TI - Surgical treatment of borderline velopharyngeal insufficiency using homologous cartilage implantation with videonasopharyngoscopic monitoring. AB - Borderline cases of velopharyngeal insufficiency were treated with homologous cartilage implants. The selection of patients and technique for this procedure are described. Videonasopharyngoscopy was used to identify a specific location on the posterior pharyngeal wall for the implant. A small cube of homologous cartilage was implanted in the selected site in order to achieve adequate closure. The preliminary nasopharyngoscopic and speech evaluation results in 10 patients, who were followed every 3 months for at least 1 year, are reported. Hypernasality and audible nasal emission were eliminated. The displacement and reabsorption of the implants that occurred was minimal and did not affect velopharyngeal closure. Homologous cartilage, which is inexpensive and easy to obtain, appears to be a good option for implantation in the posterior pharyngeal wall in borderline cases of velopharyngeal insufficiency. PMID- 3163294 TI - The state of what art? AB - Psychological studies need to meet contemporary standards of research design and theoretical relevance within the mainstream of its behavioral science. The use of a clinical-scientist model for psychologists with greater emphasis on clinician than on scientist results in an impoverishment of psychological research and a paucity of stimulating theoretical speculation. Sporadic and pedestrian studies cannot explain why a necessary and sufficient relationship should exist between the presence of a cleft and the dependent measures used. As a result, psychological studies about cleft palate have managed to achieve a state of invisibility as far as most psychologists are concerned. As long as the present status remains at the current level, real progress is impossible, and we will be content with mediocrity. PMID- 3163295 TI - Tonsillectomy and pharyngeal flap operation should not be performed simultaneously. PMID- 3163296 TI - Effect of lip closure on the pharyngeal skeleton. PMID- 3163297 TI - "Incidence" and "prevalence" as measures of the frequency of congenital malformations and genetic outcomes: application to oral clefts. PMID- 3163298 TI - Preventive effects of batroxobin on experimental canine coronary thrombosis. AB - The thrombolytic effects of urokinase (UK) and preventive effects of batroxobin, heparin, and aspirin on the recurrence of thrombosis in the coronary artery were studied in 118 anesthetized dogs with severe endothelial denudation and luminal stenosis of the coronary artery. Occlusive thrombi developed in 68 (58%) preparations (dogs), accompanied by a decrease of coronary blood flow and pressure, an electrocardiographic ST elevation, and epicardial cyanosis. An intravenous infusion of 20,000 IU/kg of UK reopened the occluded coronary artery in all 32 preparations with 1-h-old thrombi, in 6 (86%) of 7 preparations with 2 h-old thrombi, and in 5 (83%) of 6 preparations with 3-h-old thrombi. However, recanalization was not observed in preparations with thrombi more than 4-h-old. Occlusion recurred within 6 h after recanalization in 2 (18%) of 18 preparations pretreated with batroxobin (1-2 BU/kg) (p less than .005 vs. control UK group), in 1 (14%) of 7 preparations administered a continuous infusion of 30 U/kg per h of heparin (p less than .05 vs. control UK group), in 4 (57%) of 7 preparations pretreated with 2 mg/kg of aspirin, and in 7 (64%) of 11 preparations not pretreated (control UK group). Complete prevention was observed only in the group administered 2 BU/kg of batroxobin. Histologically, these thrombi closely simulated clinical arterial thrombi. Myocardial hemorrhage and contraction band necrosis were observed in the reperfused hearts. In conclusion, experimental canine coronary thrombi more than 4-h-old were resistant to thrombolytic therapy, and batroxobin and heparin were effective in the prevention of coronary reocclusion. PMID- 3163299 TI - A prospective trial of the treatment of acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia. AB - Acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia, the M-7 variant of acute leukaemia according to the French-American-British (FAB) co-operative group, comprises 8.4% of all cases of acute leukaemia in the city of Puebla, Mexico. The malignancy can be identified by means of monoclonal antibodies or electron microscopy. Using two monoclonal antibodies, Hp1-1d that binds the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex (CDw 41) and W1-23 that recognizes the factor VIII:von Willebrand fraction, we have found 19 cases of M-7 leukaemia. Fourteen of these were entered in a prospective therapeutic trial, seven were treated with low-dose (LD) Ara-C (10 mg/m2, delivered subcutaneously every 12 h in 21-day courses). The median age was 14 years, four were female and three male. The remaining seven patients were treated with HOP (adriamycin 25 mg/m2 + vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 orally, daily, for the same period. The median age was 20 years, three were females and four males. Patients were followed for periods of 1-24 months. Six of seven patients in each group achieved remission; however, 18-month disease-free survival was 14% for the LD Ara-C group and 42% for the HOP-treated group. All patients in the LD Ara-C group were dead at 24 months; three patients in the HOP group survived at 12, 14 and 18 months. Differences between these two groups are probably not significant due to the small number of patients involved. PMID- 3163300 TI - How to design a patient brochure. PMID- 3163302 TI - Possible mechanism of ineffective erythropoiesis by an altered transferrin receptor cycle in erythroleukemia. AB - Involvement of the transferrin receptor cycle was noted in erythroblasts from a patient with erythroleukemia (FAB classification M6). The kinetics of transferrin receptor cycle in bone marrow erythroblasts was obtained by pulse-chase experiments before the initiation of therapy. Internalization of transferrin was impaired and resulted in a delayed peak of internalized transferrin, as compared with the kinetics pattern seen in healthy subjects. The subsequent exocytosis of the internalized ligand was also delayed. Thus, transferrin receptor cycle seems to be influenced all along the transferrin pathway, hence transferrin travels more slowly in erythroblasts in erythroleukemia. The altered transferrin receptor cycle led to a diminished iron uptake per surface transferrin receptor (approximately 30% of that in healthy subjects), and the incorporation of iron into heme was greatly reduced. Our observations suggest a possible role for the altered transferrin receptor cycle in the pathogenesis of defective heme synthesis and ineffective erythropoiesis in erythroleukemia. PMID- 3163303 TI - Female predominance in megakaryoblastic transformation of chronic myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 3163301 TI - Comparison of short-term antibiotic cover with a third-generation cephalosporin against conventional five-day therapy using metronidazole with an aminoglycoside in emergency and complicated colorectal surgery. AB - In a prospective, randomized control trial, 152 consecutive patients requiring emergency or complicated colorectal surgery were allocated either to two doses of cefotetan or to five-day cover with gentamicin, and a single dose of metronidazole. Twenty-one patients received 6 gm of cefotetan before prolongation of prothrombin time dictated a change in the dose regimen such that all remaining patients (N = 55) received only 4 gm of cefotetan. The groups were well matched for diagnosis and surgical procedure. Rates of postoperative infection did not differ significantly between the groups, with wound infection rates occurring in 17 of 75 patients receiving gentamicin and metronidazole (22.7 percent) compared with ten of 75 receiving cefotetan (13 percent). Although wound infection rates were lower in the cefotetan group, the incidence of intra-abdominal abscess was similar in both groups. Eight patients receiving cefotetan developed intra abdominal abscesses (11 percent), compared with seven receiving gentamicin and metronidazole (9 percent). Prolongation of prothrombin time in excess of 13 seconds occurred in six patients receiving cefotetan compared with no patients receiving gentamicin and metronidazole. None of these patients developed clinical bleeding, however. PMID- 3163304 TI - Phosphorylation of hepatic insulin receptor by casein kinase 2. AB - Casein kinase 2 was able to phosphorylate the beta-subunit of hepatic insulin receptor in the presence of either ATP or GTP. Phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 was observed even in the absence of insulin, was inhibited by low heparin concentrations, and led to the incorporation of phosphate on serine and threonine residues. Casein kinase 2 phosphorylation of insulin receptor partially decreased its tyrosine kinase activity. PMID- 3163305 TI - Subunit III of ruminant procarboxypeptidase A-S6 complexes and pancreatic proteases E. A new family of pancreatic serine endopeptidases? AB - Subunit III (BSIII) of the bovine ternary complex of procarboxypeptidase A-S6 (PCPA-S6), a defective serine endopeptidase-like protein, actively synthesized by the pancreas of some ruminant species, is highly homologous to human protease E (HPE). Both proteins possess the same atypical disulfide bridge in position 98 99b. They are structurally related to porcine elastase 1 and human elastase 2 (about 56% identity). However, in contrast to those two enzymes which have an overall positive net charge, BSIII and HPE are negatively charged. Three dimensional models of BSIII and HPE have been constructed from the crystallographic structure of porcine pancreatic elastase 1. The inhibitor binding site for TFAI in these three proteins seems to be very similar; the atypical disulfide bridge does not seem to be involved in this binding site. The specific structural features of BSIII and HPE strongly support the assumption that BSIII is a truncated protease E and that both proteins belong to a separate serine endopeptidase family. PMID- 3163306 TI - Patient communication in the dental office. PMID- 3163308 TI - Bleaching vital teeth. PMID- 3163307 TI - President's inaugural address. Multidimensions of dental assisting. PMID- 3163310 TI - A guide to your job rights. PMID- 3163309 TI - Successful marketing strategies for the dental team. PMID- 3163312 TI - The dental assistant's role in the application of laminate veneers. PMID- 3163311 TI - Managing your dental career options. PMID- 3163314 TI - A review of the literature on caring for the geriatric patient. PMID- 3163313 TI - AIDS attitudes. PMID- 3163315 TI - Developing a career strategy. PMID- 3163316 TI - Parentage analysis with genetic markers in natural populations. I. The expected proportion of offspring with unambiguous paternity. AB - Recent studies indicate that polymorphic genetic markers are potentially helpful in resolving genealogical relationships among individuals in a natural population. Genetic data provide opportunities for paternity exclusion when genotypic incompatibilities are observed among individuals, and the present investigation examines the resolving power of genetic markers in unambiguous positive determination of paternity. Under the assumption that the mother for each offspring in a population is unambiguously known, an analytical expression for the fraction of males excluded from paternity is derived for the case where males and females may be derived from two different gene pools. This theoretical formulation can also be used to predict the fraction of births for each of which all but one male can be excluded from paternity. We show that even when the average probability of exclusion approaches unity, a substantial fraction of births yield equivocal mother-father-offspring determinations. The number of loci needed to increase the frequency of unambiguous determinations to a high level is beyond the scope of current electrophoretic studies in most species. Applications of this theory to electrophoretic data on Chamaelirium luteum (L.) shows that in 2255 offspring derived from 273 males and 70 females, only 57 triplets could be unequivocally determined with eight polymorphic protein loci, even though the average combined exclusionary power of these loci was 73%. The distribution of potentially compatible male parents, based on multilocus genotypes, was reasonably well predicted from the allele frequency data available for these loci. We demonstrate that genetic paternity analysis in natural populations cannot be reliably based on exclusionary principles alone. In order to measure the reproductive contributions of individuals in natural populations, more elaborate likelihood principles must be deployed. PMID- 3163317 TI - Murine chromosomal regions correlated with longevity. AB - In this longevity analysis of 360 BXD recombinant inbred female mice (20 different strains), 2 strains had very significantly shorter survival and 1 strain had very significantly longer survival than the other 17 strains; 4 other strains had less significant lengthening of survival compared to the other 13 strains in a proportional hazards model of survival. Mean survival on the shortest lived strain was 479 days; on the longest lived strain the mean survival was almost double (904 days). Ranges of survival within strain were very large (averaging 642 days), and strain accounted for only 29% of the variation in survival, showing that there are important environmental and/or special developmental effects on longevity even in this colony housed in a single room. Each strain had been typed for markers of 141 regions on 15 chromosomes; 101 of these markers had distinguishable distributions on the 20 strains. The two shortest lived strains had the same alleles for 63% of the markers. The single region most significantly correlated with survival (marked by P450, Coh, Xmmv-35 on chromosome 7) divided the mice into two groups with survival medians which differed by 153 days (755 days for mice with a B genotype; 602 days for mice with a D genotype). Evaluated individually, 44% of the genetic markers (including some markers on 11 of 15 chromosomes with any markers typed) were found to be significantly correlated with survival (P less than 0.05) although one would only expect 5% of the markers to be significant by chance. While studies of many markers should adjust for the multiple comparisons problem, one interpretation of these crude P values is that any experiment with only one of these "significant" markers typed would be likely to conclude that the marker was a significant predictor of survival. Two types of multiple regression models were used to examine the correlation with survival of groups of genes. When a proportional hazards model for survival was done in terms of genotype regions, a six genetic region model best correlated with survival: that marked by P450, Coh, Xmmv-35 on chromosome 7 (B allele lives longer), Ly-24 on chromosome 2 (B allele lives longer), beta 2M and H-3 on chromosome 2 (D allele lives longer) Lamb-2 on chromosome 1 (D allele lives longer), Ltw-4 on chromosome 1 (B allele lives longer), and the Igh area of chromosome 12 (Igh-Sa4, Igh-Sa2, Igh-Bgl, Igh-Nbp, Igh-Npid, Igh-Gte, Odc-8, and Ox-1; D allele lives longer).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3163318 TI - Fibromyalgia in the elderly: differential diagnosis and treatment. AB - Fibromyalgia in the elderly often occurs in the presence of other musculoskeletal disorders where it is often unsuspected. The clue to the diagnosis of concomitant fibromyalgia lies in the widespread distribution of the pain and in its severity. All patients with this disorder have multiple, symmetrically distributed "tender points," a physical sign which is specific for fibromyalgia. Treatment includes, first, explanation. Aerobic exercise may be helpful in many patients, and administration of tricyclic compounds in very low doses is often effective in treating the associated sleep disorder and in reducing overall disease severity. PMID- 3163320 TI - X chromosome deletions detectable by flow cytometry in some patients with steroid sulphatase deficiency (X-linked ichthyosis). AB - The X chromosomes of individuals with isolated steroid sulphatase deficiency (X linked ichthyosis) from ten families were studied by flow karyotype analysis. In four of the families, a small but significant reduction in the relative fluorescence of the X chromosome was detected consistent with a deletion ranging from 1.2%-3.4% of the X and amounting to a DNA loss of 1.9-5.2 million base pairs. In the remaining six families, three of which demonstrated a molecular deletion of the DNA sequence GMGX9 (DXS237), the relative fluorescence of the X chromosomes was indistinguishable from normal. The phenotypes of those with X deletions detectable by flow cytometry were similar to those of patients without such deletions. PMID- 3163319 TI - Y;autosome translocations and mosaicism in the aetiology of 45,X maleness: assignment of fertility factor to distal Yq11. AB - Three 45,X males have been studied with Y-DNA probes by Southern blotting and in situ hybridization. Southern blotting studies with a panel of mapped Y-DNA probes showed that in all three individuals contiguous portions of the Y chromosome including all of the short arm, the centromere, and part of the euchromatic portion of the long arm were present. The breakpoint was different in each case. The individual with the largest portion (intervals 1-6) is a fertile male belonging to a family in which the translocation is inherited in four generations. The second adult patient, who has intervals 1-5, is an azoospermic, sterile male. These phenotypic findings suggest the existence of a gene involved in spermatogenesis in interval 6 in distal Yq11. The third case, a boy with penoscrotal hypospadias, has intervals 1-4B. In situ hybridization with the pseudoautosomal probe pDP230 and the Y chromosome specific probe pDP105 showed that Y-derived DNA was translocated onto the short arm of a chromosome 15, 14, and 14, respectively. One of the patients was a mosaic for the 14p+ translocation chromosome. Our data and those reported by others suggest the following conclusions based on molecular studies in eight 45,X males: The predominant aetiological factor is Y;autosome translocation observed in seven of the eight cases. As the remaining case was a low-grade mosaic involving a normal Y chromosome, the maleness in all cases was due to the effect of the testis determining factor, TDF. There is preferential involvement of the short arm of an acrocentric chromosome (five out of seven translocations) but other autosomal regions can also be involved. The reason why one of the derivative translocation chromosomes becomes lost may be that it has no centromere. PMID- 3163323 TI - Waste in dental public aid program alleged. PMID- 3163322 TI - Legislation. Illinois activities. PMID- 3163324 TI - AIDS update. PMID- 3163321 TI - Mutations for the autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant forms of polycystic kidney disease are not allelic. AB - The autosomal dominant form of polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) has been linked to the alpha-globin gene locus on 16p. Linkage studies between the autosomal recessive type (ARPKD) and the 3' HVR of the alpha-globin gene cluster showed that the ARPKD and ADPKD are not allelic. PMID- 3163325 TI - Nursing home patterns--can we adapt? PMID- 3163326 TI - The controlled substances maze. PMID- 3163327 TI - CNS prophylaxis using a triple intrathecal drug therapy without cranial irradiation in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - After remission-induction chemotherapy in 31 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, patients immediately received CNS prophylaxis. Thirteen patients received triple intrathecal drug therapy, while 18 patients received intrathecal methotrexate and cranial irradiation; systematic chemotherapy was administered as well to both groups. Six patients developed CNS leukaemia during complete remission, 2 in the non-radiated patients and 4 in patients who had received cranial irradiation. Drug chemoprophylaxis may therefore substitute cranial radiotherapy when effective systemic regimens are used. Such CNS chemoprophylaxis will result in fewer, long-term CNS side-effects. PMID- 3163328 TI - Diphosphonates: therapeutic agents to inhibit bone resorption. PMID- 3163329 TI - Elastomeric impression materials. PMID- 3163330 TI - Acquired immune deficiency (AIDS) and dentistry. PMID- 3163332 TI - Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry on the localization of 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase in the bovine adrenal cortical cells. AB - The localization of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase (3 beta-HSD) was studied in bovine adrenal glands by light as well as electron microscopic immunocytochemistry, using anti-bovine adrenal 3 beta-HSD antibody. With light microscopy the cytoplasm of the glomerulosa cells was weakly immunostained, while that of the fasciculata-reticularis cells was intensely immunostained though both the capsular connective tissue cells and the medullary cells were entirely negative for this reaction. Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry revealed that the positive reaction products for 3 beta-HSD were present on the membrane of smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the cortical cells, especially that of the fasciculata and reticularis cells. Other cell organelles such as mitochondria and Golgi apparatus were entirely negative. The present results indicate that 3 beta HSD is present in the membrane of smooth endoplasmic reticulum of bovine adrenal cortical cells. PMID- 3163333 TI - The distribution of human C4 DNA variants in relation to major histocompatibility complex alleles and extended haplotypes. AB - A C4 DNA polymorphism that can subdivide C4 allotypes and major histocompatibility complex-linked complement gene cluster allele combinations (complotypes) that are not distinguishable by standard electrophoretic means was used to assess further the distribution and linkage association of C4 variants. Segregation of the DNA polymorphism in family studies allowed assignment of particular variants to particular major histocompatibility complex haplotypes. These studies revealed that some complotypes were exclusively correlated with a particular C4 DNA variant, whereas others were not and could be subdivided according to which particular C4 DNA variant was observed. When complotypes that could be subdivided at the DNA level were considered in relation to flanking major histocompatibility complex markers, it was apparent that complotypes associated with major histocompatibility complex "extended haplotypes" had an exclusive correlation with a particular C4 DNA variant. This finding supports the hypothesis that "extended haplotypes" are unique associations of major histocompatibility complex allele combinations and are genetically similar, stably inherited units. PMID- 3163334 TI - New potent anthracyclines, barminomycins I and II. PMID- 3163331 TI - Quality assurance: a blueprint for improved patient care and service. PMID- 3163336 TI - Dimethylisopropylsilyl ether derivatives in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of some prostanoids. Application to the microdetermination of 15 ketoprostaglandin F2 alpha formed by enzymatic conversion of PGF2 alpha in vitro. AB - Treatment of 15-ketoprostaglandin F2 alpha (15-keto-PGF2 alpha) with ethereal diazomethane at -78 degrees C provided only the expected methyl ester (ME), without the formation of the pyrazoline adduct. The electron-ionization mass spectrum of the dimethylisopropylsilyl (DMiPS) ether derivative of 15-keto-PGF2 alpha ME showed the molecular ion, and the characteristic fragment ion of [M-43]+ was of high abundance. The appearance of these ions in the high-mass region made it possible to determine trace amounts of 15-keto-PGF2 alpha in biological specimens without any interference from endogenous substances. The detection limit for the DMiPS ether derivatives of 15-keto-PGF2 alpha ME was 12 pg (signal to-noise ratio = 10). The method was applied to the analysis of 15-keto-PGF2 alpha obtained by the enzymatic conversion of PGF2 alpha with 15 hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in vitro. PMID- 3163335 TI - TGF-beta inhibits growth factor-induced DNA synthesis in hamster fibroblasts without affecting the early mitogenic events. AB - Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) was found to inhibit (IC50 = 0.1 ng/ml) alpha-thrombin or FGF-induced mitogenicity in G0-arrested Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts. Growth factor-stimulated cells became rapidly insensitive to TGF-beta addition during their progression through G0/G1 suggesting that an early step of the mitogenic response was the target of TGF-beta action. Surprisingly, none of the well characterized early mitogenic events commonly triggered by growth factors was found to be affected by TGF-beta addition. These responses included: phosphoinositide breakdown, activation of protein kinase C as determined by EGF receptor down-modulation, subsequent rises in pHi, c-fos, and c myc mRNA levels, ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation, the increase in RNA and protein synthesis, induction of ornithine decarboxylase. Only the induction of thymidine kinase, a marker of entry in the S phase, was found to be repressed by TGF-beta, with maximal inhibition when TGF-beta was added early in G1. These results indicate that the inhibitory action of TGF-beta does not affect the growth factors signalling pathways but touches an early event different from those so far analyzed. PMID- 3163337 TI - New method for the determination of doxorubicin, 4'-epidoxorubicin and all known metabolites in cardiac tissue. AB - 4'-Epidoxorubicin, doxorubicin (internal standard) and eight metabolites were extracted from heart tissue homogenate by a mixture of tetrahydrofuran-water (1:2, v/v) and purified by C18 Sep-Pak cartridges. The buffer used to prepare the homogenate contained glucaric acid-1,4-lactone and glucose, to prevent decomposition of the 4'-epidoxorubicin glucuronides. Anthracyclines were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography within 14 min and detected by fluorescence. Recoveries ranged from 49 to 75%. The detection limits of the individual anthracyclines ranged from 0.5.10(-11) to 2.5.10(-11) mol/g wet weight. The peak-height ratios of the fluorescence intensities of the anthracyclines versus doxorubicin were linear from 2.5.10(-11) to 250.10(-11) mol/g wet weight. Within- and between-day precisions of the assay varied between the anthracyclines and were in the ranges 3-12% (n = 6) and 2-11% (n = 6), respectively. PMID- 3163340 TI - Innovative quality assurance minutes. PMID- 3163339 TI - Quality of patient care: whose decision? PMID- 3163338 TI - Determination of phenol sulphotransferase activity by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3163342 TI - A finishing technique for the straight-wire appliance. PMID- 3163343 TI - Orthodontic office design. Sound transmission and wall construction. PMID- 3163344 TI - Distalization of molars with repelling magnets. PMID- 3163341 TI - Reducing the cost of anti-HIV screening. AB - In an attempt to reduce the cost of testing for anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) we looked at the possibility of recycling the Wellcozyme (R) HIV antigen bound wells; our findings showed that there was no significant reduction in sensitivity of the test samples or controls when run in parallel with new plates. It was concluded that the use of recycled plates was a cost effective means of performing more tests. PMID- 3163345 TI - The patient is always right. PMID- 3163346 TI - Impaired carbohydrate metabolism of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in glycogen storage disease Ib. AB - This study measures hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt activity, glycolytic rate, and glucose transport in PMN and lymphocytes of patients with glycogen storage disease (GSD) type Ib as compared with controls and with GSD Ia patients. HMP shunt activity and glycolysis were significantly lower in intact PMN cells of GSD Ib patients as compared with GSD Ia patients and with controls. These activities were above normal levels in disrupted GSD Ib PMN. HMP shunt activity and glycolytic rates in lymphocytes were similar in all three groups studied. The rate of 2-deoxyglucose transport into GSD Ib PMN was 30% of that into cells of normal controls. In GSD Ib lymphocytes or in GSD Ia PMN and lymphocytes transport was normal. The striking limitation of glucose transport across the cell membrane of the PMN of GSD Ib patients may account for the impairment of leukocyte function that is characteristic of GSD Ib, but not found in GSD Ia patients. PMID- 3163349 TI - Protective efficacy of active and passive immunizations against experimental infection with Bacteroides gingivalis in ligated hamsters. AB - The protective efficacy of immunization against Bacteroides gingivalis infection was examined in hamsters. Whole cells or extracted hemagglutinin of B. gingivalis 381 was injected with incomplete Freund adjuvant into the inguinal regions of hamsters. Two weeks after the rats received a booster injection, cotton threads were tied coronally to the gingival margins of the mandibular first molars, and then a streptomycin-resistant B. gingivalis 381R' strain was inoculated into the rats' oral cavities. The subcutaneous immunizations resulted in slight reductions in the numbers of B. gingivalis on the ligature threads compared with the sham immunized group. Peroral administration of whole cells of B. gingivalis to hamsters elicited salivary immunoglobulin responses, but no reduction of B. gingivalis 381R' colonization was found in this group. Repeated passive immunizations with rabbit antiserum to B. gingivalis into the oral cavities of the hamsters resulted in a reduction in the number of organisms in the periodontal region. PMID- 3163347 TI - Uptake of cholesterol-rich remnant lipoproteins by human monocyte-derived macrophages is mediated by low density lipoprotein receptors. AB - The uptake and degradation of cholesterol-rich remnant lipoproteins, referred to as beta-VLDL, are shown in the present study to be mediated by LDL receptors (apoB,E(LDL) receptors), not by unique beta-VLDL receptors. Human blood monocytes cultured for 5-7 d bound apoB- and/or apoE-containing lipoproteins from different species with affinities equivalent to those demonstrated for the receptors on cultured human fibroblasts. Low density lipoproteins competed effectively and completely with 125I-beta-VLDL for binding to and degradation by monocyte-derived macrophages. Specific polyclonal antibodies to bovine apoB,E(LDL) receptors abolished both LDL and beta-VLDL uptake by normal human monocyte-macrophages. Immunoblots of monocyte-macrophage extracts with these antibodies revealed a single protein in human macrophages with an apparent molecular weight identical to that of the apoB,E(LDL) receptor found on human fibroblasts. Like receptors on cultured human fibroblasts, the apoB,E(LDL) receptors on monocyte-macrophages responsible for 125I-beta-VLDL and 125I-LDL uptake were efficiently down regulated by preincubation of the cells with beta-VLDL or LDL. Finally, monocyte macrophages from seven homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia subjects were unable to metabolize beta-VLDL or LDL, but demonstrated normal uptake of acetoacetylated LDL. The classic apoB,E(LDL) receptors on human monocyte macrophages thus mediate the uptake of beta-VLDL by these cells. PMID- 3163348 TI - Tumor necrosis factor can induce fever in rats without activating protein breakdown in muscle or lipolysis in adipose tissue. AB - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, cachectin) is a macrophage product that has been suggested to signal the loss of body weight, the decrease in adipose tissue and muscle mass, and anorexia during infections or chronic illness. To test this possibility, young growing rats were injected subcutaneously or intraperitoneally with human or murine recombinant TNF. After 3-4 h, these animals developed a 1-2 degrees fever which lasted approximately 4 h. With repeated daily TNF injections for 5 d, the animals developed fevers similarly each day. In contrast, rats injected with endotoxin show a single febrile episode and then are tolerant to subsequent daily injections of endotoxin (but do not develop tolerance to TNF or interleukin-1). On the first day of TNF treatment, the rats did not grow, but on subsequent days, despite their fevers, they grew at similar rates as controls. Although the TNF-treated rats consumed slightly less food than control animals, the ratio of growth per amount of food intake was identical in the two groups. When rats are administered endotoxin, they develop a fever, and their muscles show increased protein degradation and prostaglandin (PG)E2 production. However, when fevers were induced with TNF, there was no change in muscle proteolysis or PGE2 production, and in adipose tissue no increase in basal or catecholamine induced lipolysis. Also TNF addition in vitro did not enhance lipolysis in epididymal fat pads or proteolysis in soleus muscles. Thus, TNF treatment can induce fever without producing a catabolic state similar to that induced by endotoxin. PMID- 3163351 TI - Use of Percoll density gradients for studying the attachment of bacteria to oral epithelial cells. AB - An assay for studying the attachment of bacteria to oral epithelial cells has been developed which utilizes Percoll density gradient centrifugation to separate bacteria and epithelial cells. 3H-thymidine-labeled bacteria were incubated with suspensions of buccal epithelial cells in microtitration plates for 2.5 hr at 35 degrees C. The mixtures were then subjected to density gradient centrifugation in 50% Percoll. Epithelial cells with attached bacteria formed a band near the top of the tube, while unattached bacteria formed a band near the bottom. The epithelial cells were collected on membrane filters, and the number of attached bacteria was determined by scintillation counting. Binding of S. mitis C5 was found to increase with time, and equilibrium was attained within two hr. Saturation of available binding sites occurred when 10(7) S. mitis cells were incubated with 1.5 x 10(4) buccal epithelial cells. The numbers of streptococci which attached as determined with this assay were in good agreement with values obtained by direct microscopic counts. Adsorption of S. mitis C5 cells was adequately described by a Langmuir isotherm (correlation coefficient 0.998). This permitted calculation of estimates of the number of binding sites and the affinity of the organism. The assay proved reliable even when as few as 1000 epithelial cells were used. Treating the epithelial cells with neuraminidase or trypsin significantly decreased the number of S. mitis C5 cells which attached. In contrast, binding of A. naeslundii 12104 to neuraminidase-treated cells was increased, and attachment of B. gingivalis 381 was also enhanced, especially to epithelial cells which had been treated with trypsin. PMID- 3163352 TI - Allelic variants for complement factors C3, C4, and B in acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. AB - Impaired immune defense mechanisms and genetic factors appear to play a role in susceptibility to acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG). Therefore, possible etiological mechanisms might involve genes at the Major Histocompatibility Complex, which include the complement factor loci. We have tested for a possible association between certain complement factor alleles and ANUG using a case-control study design. Specific alleles at complement factors C3 and C4, and properdin factor B (Bf) loci were determined indirectly by high voltage agarose gel electrophoresis in 58 subjects with a history of ANUG and in 58 age-sex-matched healthy controls. The highest relative risk of ANUG, as obtained by conditional logistic regression, for alleles at the C3 locus was 1.9 (90% confidence limits 0.8 to 4.8; p = 0.229) for C3*F-positive individuals. The highest relative risk for alleles at the C4 locus was 2.6 (0.5 to 14.9; p = 0.358) for C4A*3-positive individuals. There was no evidence for an association between Bf allotype and risk of ANUG, with a relative risk of 1.2 for Bf*F- and relative risk of 1.0 for B*S-positive individuals. None of our estimates was statistically significant. We conclude, therefore, that it is unlikely that there is any association between complement factor gene haplotype and susceptibility to ANUG. PMID- 3163350 TI - Dental fluorosis in the primary and the permanent dentition in fluoridated areas with consumption of either powdered milk or natural cow's milk. AB - The aim of the present study was to describe the patterns of dental fluorosis in the primary and the permanent dentition of children born and reared in two different fluoridated areas, one in which powdered milk suspended in tap water was commonly used (Narssaq, Greenland: 1.1 ppm fluoride in the water) and one in which cow's milk was provided (Vordingborg, Denmark: 1.4-1.6 ppm fluoride in the water). Dental fluorosis was recorded by Thylstrup and Fejerskov's classification. In both locations, the prevalence of dental fluorosis increased the later in life the tooth type was formed. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in the earliest formed teeth was higher in the area where powdered milk was suspended in fluoride-containing tap water than where pasteurized cow's milk was used. In the first permanent molars, the maxillary incisors, and the canines, the prevalence was rather similar in the two areas. In the latest formed teeth, the premolars, the level of fluorosis was higher in Vordingborg. The pattern of dental fluorosis suggests that when powdered milk was used frequently, the children were exposed to a higher fluoride intake earlier in life than were those consuming cow's milk during infancy and childhood. PMID- 3163353 TI - A case-control study of plasma ascorbate and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. AB - Data from animal studies and from studies of patients with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) have provided suggestive evidence for an association between ascorbate deficiency and disease risk. Further, there is biological plausibility for such an association, due to the role of ascorbate in collagen synthesis and leukocyte function. A case-control study of plasma ascorbate and ANUG was performed on 60 patients with a history of ANUG infection and 60 age race-sex-matched controls. No cases had had active lesions for at least two months prior to their vitamin assay to avoid any potential reduction of dietary intake of ascorbic acid due to the presence of painful mouth lesions. According to results obtained by use of a modification of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method for determination of total plasma ascorbate, the mean and standard error of the mean of plasma ascorbate for all ANUG cases was 0.07 +/- 0.006 mmol/L; the mean for all controls was 0.10 +/- 0.006 mmol/L. Paired differences in plasma ascorbic acid concentrations between cases and controls were significantly different from zero (p less than 0.001). The unadjusted relative risk (RR) of ANUG as obtained by conditional logistic regression for subjects whose plasma ascorbic acid concentration was at or below the median value for controls, relative to subjects with higher values, was 7.3 (90% confidence interval, 3.0 - 17.4; one-sided p value less than 0.001). Patients with a history of ANUG ingested a daily average of 1.2 +/- 0.2 servings of dietary ascorbic acid, as compared with a daily average of 1.9 +/- 0.2 servings for healthy controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3163354 TI - The relationship between plaque pH, plaque acid anion profiles, and oral carbohydrate retention after ingestion of several 'reference foods' by human subjects. AB - The primary aim of this study was to rank several reference foods (apple drink, caramel, chocolate, cookie, skimmed milk powder, snack cracker, and wheat flake) according to their plaque pH response as monitored in a panel of 12 volunteers by the plaque-sampling method for comparison with data previously reported with other methods used to assess cariogenicity potential. Secondary experiments (using subsets of the panel of subjects) were undertaken in an attempt to elucidate some of the reasons for the observed plaque pH changes. Oral carbohydrate retention was measured at a single time period after food use as total anthrone-positive carbohydrate material, and as specific acidogenic sugars by gas-liquid chromatography after gel-exclusion chromatography. The concentrations of acid anions in the plaque fluid after food consumption were measured by isotachophoresis eight min after food use. According to the plaque pH response, apple-flavored fruit drink and chocolate were the most acidogenic foods and skimmed milk powder the least acidogenic. There were significant correlations (p less than 0.05) between the plaque pH data and lactate-plus-acetate concentrations in plaque fluid, but the correlations between the pH data and any of the carbohydrate retention parameters were not significant. PMID- 3163355 TI - The determination of extracellular fluid volume in whole dental plaque using potassium- or chloride-selective micro-electrodes. AB - This paper describes a procedure for the determination of the volume of water available for diffusion in whole plaque samples collected from single sites. In this procedure, known micro volumes of H2O were added to single-site plaque samples with calibrated nanoliter pipettes and the potassium or chloride concentration at each dilution measured with ion-selective micro-electrodes. By plotting the inverse of the concentration versus the volume of H2O added, one can determine the original volume of plaque fluid available for diffusion. Volumes determined in simultaneous measurements performed with chloride and potassium micro-electrodes were statistically indistinguishable. From the observed constancy in the initial potassium concentration in rat and human plaque fluid, a simplified macro method is suggested which allows for estimation of the extracellular fluid volume within 20% error in plaque samples. PMID- 3163357 TI - The fracture toughness (KIC) of composite filling materials and crack-tip radius. PMID- 3163356 TI - Aspiration and characterization of predentin fluid in developing rat teeth by means of a micropuncture and micro-analytical technique. AB - A fluid phase was aspirated in vivo and in vitro from predentin or pulp of developing rat teeth by means of a micropuncture technique. Pooled aspirates (approx. 2 nL) were analyzed for P, Na, K, Ca, Mg, and S by electron probe microtechniques (Lechene and Warner, 1979). Compared with pulp fluid, currently and previously studied cartilage fluids, as well as serum, predentin fluid showed elevated K, depressed Na, Cl, and Ca, as well as increased P. Statistical analysis was possible for only a few groups of comparisons among the elemental profiles. Ultrastructural examination of the aspiration site and of the aspirates showed no evidence of contamination with cell organelles or other formed elements. The micropuncture technique used was a critically precise and laborious procedure; possible contamination with intracellular fluid could not be avoided. The consistently low Mg concentration found in the aspirates, however, supports our view that the samples were primarily extracellular. PMID- 3163358 TI - AIDS and oral research--new lesions, new directions. PMID- 3163359 TI - Prognostic significance of adenosine deaminase determinations in subjects with the lymphoadenopathy syndrome. AB - The association between human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I) infection and high levels of erythrocyte adenosine deaminase (ADA) has been suggested by Cowan et al [1986]. We have analyzed the specific activities of the same enzyme during different stages of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), including asymptomatic subjects at high risk and patients with lymphoadenopathy syndrome (LAS), AIDS-related complex (ARC), full-blown AIDS, and AIDS encephalopathy (AIDS enc). The ADA activities were significantly higher (P less than .05) in asymptomatic HIV-I serum-positive individuals (13.1 U +/- 1.1) and in different groups of patients (LAS = 23.6 U +/- 10.2; ARC = 23.7 +/- 4.1) than those found in controls (9.5 U +/- 1.8) and in HIV-I serum-negative subjects (10.4 +/- 1.5). In patients with AIDS the mean ADA activity was of 32.3 U +/- 7.1, whereas in two cases with AIDS enc it was of 10 U. A tendency to increase in median ADA values with the progression of the disease was observed. In LAS patients the ADA values presented two distinct subsets falling below and above the cut-off line of 15 U/10(9) erythrocytes, respectively. A specific correlation to drug addition and its duration was observed: LAS subjects who discontinued drug abuse (median addiction time: 3 years) presented ADA values (median = 13 U) that are lower than for addicts (median = 27.2 U; median addiction time = 7 years) and are close to those observed for asymptomatic HIV-I serum-positive group. Evidence was also obtained for a progressive increase of ADA values of LAS patients with disappearance of the product of gag gene. These results suggest that LAS subjects with elevated ADA activities present a longer history of HIV-I infection and a higher probability of developing AIDS. PMID- 3163360 TI - Coprolalia in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a missing link. AB - Although recent clinical research has emphasized the relationship between Tourette's syndrome (TS) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), coprolalia, the most dramatic of the TS symptoms, has not been described in DSM-III OCD. The case presented here shows that coprolalia can indeed occur in OCD. This finding further erodes the phenomenological distinction between these two disorders. It also supports the role of psychological factors in the genesis of tic symptomatology. PMID- 3163361 TI - Intrathecal production of HIV antibodies in suspected AIDS encephalopathy. AB - Thirty-one serum and CSF samples from 21 HIV-antibody-positive patients with neurological deficits were examined to prove or exclude intrathecal production of HIV antibodies. By dilution, sera were adjusted to the IgG concentration of the corresponding CSF samples. Both samples were then serially diluted in log2 steps down to the detection limit and were tested in an anti-HIV ELISA. From the dilution obtained at the cut-off level, a quotient QHIV was derived as an indicator of intrathecal production of HIV antibodies. Six of a total of eight samples with a QHIV value of greater than or equal to 2 were correlated which the clinical diagnosis of AIDS-related dementia complex (ARDC). However, a QHIV less than 1 did not exclude the development of ARDC, as was shown during follow-up in one case. Different methods are compared for the determination of intrathecal production of IgG and anti-HIV. A quotient QHIV greater than or equal to 2 is suggested to be highly indicative of intrathecal production of anti-HIV as well as of the development of ARDC. PMID- 3163362 TI - Effect of hydration on methotrexate plasma concentrations in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Hydration and urinary alkalinization are used with high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) to minimize renal toxicity resulting from methotrexate (MTX) precipitation in the kidney tubules. The effect of two hydration and alkalinization schedules on MTX plasma concentrations were evaluated in 100 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) following two courses of MTX, 2 g/m2. The mean 21- and 44-hour MTX plasma concentrations were significantly lower in the group receiving the greater hydration and alkalinization schedule: 0.79 (0.90 SD) v 1.39 (1.99 SD) mumol/L for 21-hour MTX plasma concentrations, P = .01; and 0.18 (0.38 SD) v 0.25 (0.50 SD) mumol/L for 44-hour MTX plasma concentrations, P = .01. Although the overall incidence of toxic events was similar in both groups, the incidence of severe toxicity was reduced in the group that received the greater hydration and alkalinization, 6% v 16%. This study demonstrated that the amount of hydration and alkalinization can affect MTX plasma concentrations. Optimizing the hydration and alkalinization schedule is important for minimizing the incidence of severe toxicity associated with HDMTX. PMID- 3163363 TI - Cellular pharmacokinetics of daunorubicin: relationships with the response to treatment in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. AB - In an attempt to identify pharmacokinetic factors that determine the response of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients to induction chemotherapy, we determined the concentrations of daunorubicin (DNR) and the main metabolite daunorubicinol (DOL) in vivo and particularly evaluated the concentrations in blood and bone marrow nucleated cells. Cell measurements were obtained in 37 evaluable patients during their first remission induction treatment with DNR and cytarabine (ara-C) and directly compared with the plasma distribution kinetics of DNR. We show that (1) plasma DNR concentrations do not correlate with DNR concentrations in bone marrow nucleated cells; but (2) plasma area under the curve (AUC) values of DNR correlate inversely (P less than .01) with AUC values of DNR in WBCs; (3) concentrations of DNR in WBCs correlate positively (P less than .01) with DNR concentrations in bone marrow nucleated cells; and (4) the concentrations of DNR in WBCs show a negative correlation (P less than .01) with the numbers of peripheral blast cells at diagnosis. We then tested whether the pharmacokinetic parameters had predictive value for the clinical outcome of therapy, but none of the plasma levels or WBC and bone marrow concentrations of DNR predicted treatment outcome. The inverse correlation between the concentrations of DNR in WBC and the numbers of peripheral blast cells suggests that the effective DNR concentrations achieved intracellularly are mainly a function of the tumor load so that lesser amounts of DNR accumulate intracellularly when the AML cell numbers in blood are higher. PMID- 3163365 TI - Ensuring our future through research. PMID- 3163364 TI - Effect of dietary fat and cholesterol on plasma lipids and lipoprotein fractions in normolipidemic men. AB - In a controlled feeding situation, male subjects were assigned to one of four treatment groups: low fat (31% of total kcal)/low cholesterol (193 mg/d) (LFLC), low fat/usual cholesterol (504 mg/d) (LFUC), usual fat (46% of total kcal)/low cholesterol (UFLC) and usual fat/usual cholesterol (UFUC) intake. For the first 2 wk of the 10-wk study all subjects consumed the UFUC diet. Subjects consumed experimental diets during wk 3-7 and resumed their customary intake during wk 8 10. Plasma total, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL), low-density-lipoprotein and very-low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were determined weekly. A significant effect (P less than 0.05) of dietary fat on plasma total and HDL cholesterol was observed between the end of wk 2 and 7. Low fat intake resulted in 17 +/- 2 mg/dL lower total cholesterol and 10 +/- 1 mg/dL lower HDL cholesterol than the usual fat intake. Plasma lipids were not affected either by dietary cholesterol or by any interaction of dietary fat with cholesterol. PMID- 3163366 TI - A peer at our future. PMID- 3163367 TI - A comparison of Millard's and LeMesurier's methods of repair of the complete unilateral cleft lip using a new symmetry index. AB - Millard's and LeMesurier's methods of cleft lip repair were compared by assessing the symmetry of six components of the repaired lip and nose of 100 children who were treated by the two methods. It was found that Millard's technique restores nostril height and the cupid's bow more effectively. LeMesurier's method, on the other hand, produces a better vermilion and philtral edge. These observations support the current view that no single method exists that is superior to any other. Rather, each has its advantages and disadvantages and, hence, may suit a particular type of defect. The Cleft Lip Component Symmetry Index (CLCSI) used in this study seems to be suitable for objective assessment of results of cleft lip repair. PMID- 3163368 TI - Secondary closure of oroantral and oronasal fistulas: a modification of existing techniques. AB - Fifty-three patients, 25 with oroantral and 28 with oronasal fistulas, were treated using a modified technique of peripheral de-epithelialization and overlapping flaps. This technique was used with sliding buccal flaps, palatal rotation flaps, palatal island flaps, tongue flaps, and distant tubed pedicle flaps. The advantage of the flap is that it provides more tissue attachment, which promotes healing and resists the tendency of the flap to return to its original position. A high degree of success can be predicted. Only two failures were observed in 53 cases. PMID- 3163369 TI - Self-assessment of profile and body image among orthognathic surgery patients before and two years after surgery. AB - Ninety patients undergoing surgery at two major university hospitals completed self-ratings of their profile, perceived deviations from the ideal profile, and a measure of body image. Identical measures were obtained presurgically and two years following surgery. Patients diagnosed with mandibular hypoplasia perceived themselves significantly more prognathic on the maxillary dimension and most retrognathic on the mandibular dimension; their self-drawings reflected a shorter vertical dimension. These perceptions approached the normal range at the postsurgical assessment. Patients treated for maxillary hypoplasia, however, rated themselves in the mandibular prognathic range both before and after surgery. These patients were also more likely to perceive other deviations from the ideal in their facial features 2 years after surgical correction. Body image did not differentiate among diagnostic categories, but showed overall improvements for all patients from presurgery to postsurgery. Profile drawings appear to be the most statistically and clinically useful method of determining patients' self-assessments of deviations from normal, and their perceptions of treatment needs. PMID- 3163370 TI - Effect of mechanical dilation on nasotracheal intubation. AB - Various techniques, both chemical and mechanical, have been proposed to decrease trauma and hemorrhage associated with nasotracheal intubation. Nasotracheal intubation was performed on 44 healthy patients scheduled for oral surgical procedures to determine whether incremental dilation with nasopharyngeal airways helps to decrease nasal passage hemorrhage during nasotracheal intubation. Twenty men and 24 women were randomly assigned to dilated or nondilated groups. Repeated passage of the nasopharyngeal airway and nasotracheal tube over relatively friable nasal mucosa accounted for increased hemorrhage in the dilated group. For routine nasotracheal intubation of healthy patients, dilation with nasopharyngeal airways needlessly adds time, trauma, and hemorrhage to the induction of anesthesia. PMID- 3163371 TI - Central giant cell granuloma of the jaws: experiences in the management of thirty seven cases. AB - This report reviews experiences in the management of 37 cases of central giant cell granuloma of the jaws. The statistical analysis includes location, age, sex, size on initial presentation, and other variables relating to incidence and distribution. The technique of curettage or curettage with peripheral ostectomy was used in all cases treated surgically, resulting in no evidence of disease in 21 out of 23 cases followed postoperatively for 2 or more years. Radiation therapy was curative in one instance. Preoperative endodontic therapy for teeth in the field of surgery has proved to be advantageous. The pathogenesis of the giant cell granuloma of the jaws is discussed. PMID- 3163372 TI - Incidence and indications for surgical management of phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth in a cerebral palsy population. AB - Phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth (PIGO) is a recognized side effect in many cerebral palsy patients using diphenylhydantoin (Dph) for the control of seizures. Severe degrees of gingival overgrowth can affect the patient's dentition by: 1) interference with normal masticatory function to the point of documented weight loss, 2) producing an ectopically erupting dentition to the point of poor occlusal development, and 3) producing an unattractive appearance, in those patients who appreciate their esthetics, to the point of lessened self concept. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the management of a group of 142 patients, with various cerebral palsy diagnoses, as to the use of diphenylhydantoin for the control of seizures. If diphenylhydantoin was used, the presence, degree, and surgical management of PIGO was documented. Additionally, if surgical treatment was employed for removal of hyperplastic gingiva, the indications for outpatient treatment (no use of general anesthetic) or inpatient (hospital admission and use of a general anesthetic) were identified. A discussion of major indications of surgery and postoperative complications of all surgical procedures is provided. PMID- 3163373 TI - Mixed radiolucent-radiopaque mass of the mandible. PMID- 3163374 TI - Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the maxillary sinus: report of a case. PMID- 3163375 TI - Paralysis of the hemidiaphragm as a complication of internal jugular vein cannulation: report of a case. AB - A case of phrenic nerve injury following cannulation of the internal jugular vein is presented. Considering the close relation between the phrenic nerve and the internal jugular vein, one should be aware of the possibility of phrenic nerve injury with an increase in the number of attempts at cannulation. PMID- 3163376 TI - Repair of a chronic oronasal defect with an anteriorly based tongue flap: report of a case. PMID- 3163377 TI - Hereditary generalized gingival fibromatosis associated with hypertrichosis: report of five cases in one family. PMID- 3163378 TI - A simplified method of determining some rectilinear measurements of the cephalometrics for orthognathic surgery analysis. PMID- 3163379 TI - Application of linkage analysis to genetic counselling in families with hereditary retinoblastoma. AB - Six families with retinoblastoma in more than one member were investigated with DNA markers linked to the retinoblastoma locus because direct analysis had not disclosed the gene defect. In all of the families we could identify the affected chromosome and predict the genetic risk with a high level of confidence (90 to 99%). In one patient the test helped to detect tumour development earlier than usually possible. Several subjects were found not to carry a mutation, thus obviating frequent ophthalmological examinations under anaesthesia as would be necessary otherwise. These results show that linkage analysis can be successfully applied to genetic counselling in families with hereditary retinoblastoma. PMID- 3163380 TI - Linkage analysis of X linked retinitis pigmentosa in the Irish population. AB - There is significant evidence for genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in X linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP). We have studied the linkage of XLRP in four Irish families to a number of polymorphic DNA markers. We report linkage between the DXS7 (L1.28) locus and the XLRP locus (Z = 3.445, theta = 0.00). Combined with the previously published data on British and Danish families, the genetic distance between the DXS7 and XLRP loci is now estimated at 5 cM with a maximum lod score of 13.026 and a 1-lod confidence interval of 0.75 to 9.5 cM. Linkage was also observed between 754 and XLRP (Z = 3.41, theta = 0.00) and between pERT87 and XLRP (Z = 1.37, theta = 0.1). The heterogeneity of XLRP is discussed in relation to these observations. PMID- 3163381 TI - Concurrent zidovudine levels in semen and serum determined by radioimmunoassay in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex. AB - Zidovudine was present in the semen and serum of six patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or the related complex who were receiving 200 mg of the drug orally every four to six hours. Mean semen zidovudine levels (as measured by a new radioimmunoassay) in samples collected 0.75 to 1.25 hours after oral dosing were 3.63 to 7.19 mumol/L. Levels in semen samples collected 3.0 to 4.5 hours after oral dosing were 1.68 to 6.43 mumol/L. These values are above the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1). Mean serum concentrations at the early and late times after oral dosing were 0.22 to 3.07 mumol/L and 0.10 to 1.42 mumol/L, respectively. Ratios of semen/serum zidovudine levels ranged from 1.3 to 20.4. It is possible that a pH dependent trapping mechanism, which has been described in the prostate for other antibiotics, was responsible for the relatively high semen levels observed. PMID- 3163382 TI - [Tissue distribution of beta-lactam antibiotics, cefotiam and cefmenoxime in the lungs of sheep]. AB - The present study was performed to investigate the distribution of beta-lactam antibiotics, cefotiam (CTM) and cefmenoxime (CMX) in pulmonary tissue of sheep. The animals were prepared to form chronic lung-lymph fistula for the collection of lung lymph. CTM and CMX were administered bolus-intravenously at doses of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively, and serum and lymph levels of each drug were measured by bioassay method. Antibiotic levels of serum or lymph increased to a peak within 15 minutes after injection and then decreased rapidly. Measurable concentrations persisted for 240 minutes after the injection. Ratios of lung lymph to serum concentrations of CTM and CMX within 1 hour after the injection ranged 0.7 to 1.3, and 0.9 to 1.3, respectively. In addition, CMX levels in serum, lung lymph and tissues of both right and left lung were compared in anesthetized sheep to which CMX 50 mg/kg was given. Ratios of lung lymph and tissue concentrations of CMX in right and left lung to serum concentration were 0.76, 0.14 and 0.13, respectively. These results indicate that CTM and CMX were well distributed in interstitial fluid (lung lymph), and the levels of CMX in tissues of both right and left lung were markedly lower than those of lung lymph. PMID- 3163383 TI - [Susceptibilities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents. Focusing mainly on ofloxacin (first report). Reported by the Research Group for Testing Ofloxacin Susceptibility of Clinical Isolates]. AB - Susceptibility tests were carried out on a variety of clinically isolated pathogens using the susceptibility disc method at 197 hospitals in Japan between May, 1985 through March, 1986. These tests were organized by the Research Group for Testing Ofloxacin Susceptibility on Clinical Isolates, and the results were statistically analyzed. This paper describes a comparison of susceptibilities of clinical isolates including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii, Serratia marcescens, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Acinetobacter sp. and Campylobacter jejuni to ofloxacin (OFLX) and conventional antibacterial drugs. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. OFLX showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, N. gonorrhoeae, E. coli, E. aerogenes, E. cloacae, C. freundii, K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, M. morganii, H. influenzae, A. calcoaceticus, Acinetobacter sp. and C. jejuni and only a few strains were resistant to OFLX. Moreover, OFLX has superior antibacterial activity against many species compared not only to norfloxacin but also to most of the conventional antibacterial drugs. 2. When studied by sampled materials such as sputum, urine, abscesses and otorrhea, OFLX occasionally showed different actions against the same species from different sources. Almost species from the urinary isolates were less sensitive than those from the sputum. PMID- 3163384 TI - [A case of hepatic reticuloendothelial failure]. PMID- 3163385 TI - [Gallium scintigraphy of malignant peritonitis]. PMID- 3163387 TI - The past challenges the future. PMID- 3163386 TI - Effects of 1-S replaced and/or decarboxylated latamoxef on rabbit platelet aggregation in vitro. AB - Latamoxef, 1-S replaced and/or decarboxylated derivatives of latamoxef were examined for their effects on ADP-, collagen- and platelet activating factor (PAF)-induced rabbit platelet aggregation in vitro. The results were compared with those of cefotaxime, cefmetazole, carbenicillin and aspirin. Latamoxef produced a dose-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation at concentrations over about 4 mM, and the potency was almost similar to that produced by the other beta-lactam antibiotics, although the inhibiting effect of ADP-induced aggregation was more potent for latamoxef, whereas that on collagen-induced aggregation was stronger for cefmetazole and carbenicillin. The inhibitory effect of beta-lactam antibiotics on collagen-induced aggregation was, however, much weaker than that of aspirin. With respect to drug potency, replacement of the oxygen atom in the oxacephem ring with a sulfur atom caused no significant change in ADP-induced aggregation or slightly stronger inhibition of collagen- and PAF induced aggregations. The decarboxylated derivatives of latamoxef and the 1-S replaced analogue of latamoxef showed slightly weaker inhibition of ADP-induced aggregation, but much stronger inhibition of collagen- and PAF-induced aggregation than the parent compounds. These data suggest that 1) the oxygen atom in the oxacephem ring is not responsible for the inhibitory effect of latamoxef on platelet aggregation and 2) the carboxyl group in the amide side chain had no significant role in this inhibition. PMID- 3163388 TI - Case no. 19: pitted leukoplakia of the tongue. PMID- 3163390 TI - 17th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Stress-induced proteins. PMID- 3163391 TI - 17th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Molecular biology of stress. PMID- 3163389 TI - Case no. 24: oro-antral fistula with lymphadenopathy. PMID- 3163393 TI - 17th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: DNA-protein interactions in transcription. PMID- 3163392 TI - 17th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Metal ion homeostasis: molecular biology and chemistry. PMID- 3163394 TI - 17th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of human hypersensitivity and autoimmunity. PMID- 3163395 TI - 17th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Human tumor antigens and specific tumor therapy. PMID- 3163396 TI - 17th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Mechanisms of action and therapeutic application of biologicals in cancer and immune deficiency disorders. PMID- 3163398 TI - Leukemia-differentiating activity expressed by the human melanoma cell line LD-1. AB - We have identified a leukemia-differentiating activity (LDA) in medium conditioned by the LD-1 melanoma, a G-CSF secreting human tumor line. Partially purified LDA induces HL-60 cells to produce superoxide, become phagocytic, and to develop macrophage-like morphology and surface markers. The LDA markedly suppresses clonal growth in agar of HL-60 cells, and cells of the human myeloid leukemia lines PBL 985 and K562, but does not suppress clonal growth of the B lymphoblast lines Raji and Daudi. The molecular weight of this material is approx. 40,000 daltons. It can be separated from the bulk of the colony stimulating activity on phenyl sepharose chromatography. The LDA is not neutralized by antibodies to G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN alpha, IFN gamma, TNF, urokinase, and tissue plasminogen activator, and is not inhibited by preincubation with aprotinin. The LDA in conditioned medium may be different from previously described differentiating factors, and may represent an additional class of human growth regulators. PMID- 3163399 TI - Alpha-interferon in myelodysplasia; clinical observations and effects on NK cells. AB - A total of 15 patients with myelodysplastic states (MDS) were studied. Of the eight patients treated with alpha-interferon (alpha IFN) (3 megaunits/day for up to 6 months), one patient with refractory anaemia with excess blasts (RAEB) underwent an almost complete response while one case of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) showed a reduction in monocyte count; no improvement was observed in refractory anaemia (RA) or refractory anaemia with excess blasts in transformation (trRAEB). In all patients Leu7+ and Leu11a+ phenotypic natural killer (NK) cells were consistently normal in percentage numbers but functional NK activity was consistently reduced in all MDS subgroups. NK activity was enhanced by exposure to alpha IFN in vitro, but was very variable in patients being treated with the agent. There was no correlation between clinical response and changed NK activity in patients receiving alpha IFN. It is concluded that NK cells are unlikely to play a central role in the biology of myelodysplasia. PMID- 3163397 TI - Investigations of the relationship between cell proliferation and differentiation of HL-60 cells induced to differentiate by N-methylformamide. AB - The relationship between the N-methylformamide (NMF)-induced differentiation of HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells, to myeloid cells, and their proliferative potential was determined in suspension culture. Continuous incubation with 170 mM NMF induced 70% of cells to differentiate after 2-2.5 cell divisions, whether or not cells were replenished with fresh medium and serum. 100 mM NMF induced significant levels of differentiation only when cells were allowed to reach a plateau of growth, and this was prevented by replenishment of the medium and serum. Under these conditions of "re-feeding", the cells could be made to undergo greater than 10 cell divisions, and differentiated only when they were allowed to reach a plateau in their growth. The data suggests that NMF may induce differentiation only when the proliferative potential of the cells is limited, either by the drug itself or by the conditions of growth. PMID- 3163400 TI - How long should I keep my dental treatment records? PMID- 3163401 TI - SELECT. Attracting highly qualified students to careers in dentistry. PMID- 3163402 TI - The role of the forensic dentist. PMID- 3163403 TI - Indigent can still find dental care if they know where to look. PMID- 3163404 TI - Case report: relief of limited jaw opening due to muscle spasm. PMID- 3163406 TI - [Biotechnology for medicine]. PMID- 3163405 TI - Prognostic features at diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukaemia with special emphasis on histological parameters. AB - A clinicopathological study was performed on 115 patients (56 males, 59 females; median age 48 yr) with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) to reveal initial clinical, but particularly histomorphological features of predictive value for survival. All patients had a trephine biopsy of the bone marrow and entered this study without prior selection. Overall survival was 36 +/- 27 months. In addition to multiple interactions between various disease features, multivariate regression analysis showed that of the clinical parameters age, liver size and level of LDH were primarily and most closely associated with prognosis. Of the histomorphological variables, megakaryocytes greater than 60 mm-2 bone marrow area and fibrosis displayed an unfavourable impact on survival on univariate calculation. On multivariate analysis, however, only pseudo-Gaucher cells remained significant, i.e. exerted an independent and favourable influence on prognosis. Histological features of predictive value were reviewed together with the different categories of a histopathological classification proposed for chronic myeloproliferative diseases by Georgii and co-workers. PMID- 3163407 TI - On the origins of esterases. AB - Comparisons among the primary sequences of five cloned eukaryotic esterases reveal two distinct lineages, neither bearing any significant overall sequence similarity to the functionally related serine protease multigene family. We have not eliminated the possibility that the esterases may have residual conformational similarities to the serine proteases. However, our profile analysis and analyses of the predicted conformations of the esterases reveal little similarity to the serine proteases. Four of the esterase proteins share 27%-53% overall sequence similarity and evidence of a catalytic mechanism involving the same Arg-Asp-Ser or His-Asp-Ser charge relay. We propose that these four esterases, three of them cholinesterases, form part of a multigene family essentially separate from the serine proteases. PMID- 3163408 TI - Presence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus-1 in reference reagents of human origin in diagnostic kits. AB - We tested 54 reagents of human origin that were included in a number of diagnostic kits to be used as positive or negative control material, and for quality assurance, for the presence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Of these, 12 (22%) reagents were found to give positive results for antibodies to HIV-1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and/or supplementary tests. These results suggest that some diagnostic reagents of human origin may be contaminated with HIV-1 and potentially may be infectious. PMID- 3163411 TI - Approximately 1 kilobase of sequence 5' to the two myosin light-chain 1f/3f gene cap sites is sufficient for differentiation-dependent expression. AB - Approximately 1 kilobase of genomic DNA from the chicken fast myosin light-chain 1f/3f gene 5' to the transcriptional start sites for each light-chain mRNA was sufficient for differentiation-dependent, tissue-restricted expression. This was determined in primary chick myoblast cultures transfected with the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) expression vector p8CAT containing these 5'-flanking sequences. The expression of CAT activity from both light-chain promoters was 10- to 20-fold higher in differentiated myotubes than in fibroblasts or myoblasts grown in bromodeoxyuridine. In contrast, the beta-actin and Rous sarcoma virus promoters joined to the CAT gene were expressed equally in all cell backgrounds tested. Even though the relative timing of light-chain 1f and 3f expression was altered, tissue-restricted, differentiation-dependent expression of the light-chain mRNAs was maintained with these 5' cis-acting sequence elements. PMID- 3163409 TI - The stability of mRNA for eucaryotic elongation factor Tu in Friend erythroleukemia cells varies with growth rate. AB - The decay rates of eucaryotic elongation factor Tu (eEF-Tu) mRNA and eucaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF-4A) mRNA in Friend erythroleukemia (FEL) cells were determined under several different growth conditions. In FEL cells which were no longer actively dividing (stationary phase), eEF-Tu mRNA was found to be rather stable, with a t1/2 of about 24 h. In rapidly growing FEL cells eEF-Tu mRNA was considerably less stable, with a t1/2 of about 9 h. In both cases a single rate of mRNA decay was observed. However, when stationary-phase cells resumed growth after treatment with fresh medium, we observed that eEF-Tu mRNA decay followed a biphasic process. The faster of the two decay rates involved approximately 50% of the eEF-Tu mRNA and had a t1/2 of about 1 h. The decay rates for eIF-4A (t1/2 = 2 h) and total poly(A)+ RNA (t1/2 = 3 h) were unaffected by changes in growth conditions. The t1/2 for polysomal eEF-Tu mRNA was found to be about 8 h when stationary FEL cells were treated with fresh medium. Previous work in this laboratory has shown (T. R. Rao and L. I. Slobin, Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:687-697, 1987) that when FEL cells are allowed to grow to stationary phase, approximately 60% of the mRNA for eEF-Tu is found in a nontranslating postpolysomal messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) particle. eEF-Tu mRNP was rapidly cleared from stationary cells after treatment with fresh medium. The data presented in this report indicate that the stability of eEF-Tu mRNP is rapidly altered and the particle is targeted for degradation when stationary FEL cells resume growth. PMID- 3163412 TI - Progress towards gene therapy. PMID- 3163413 TI - [Infections in acute leukemia]. AB - Opportunistic infections are a major cause of mortality in leucosis patients. Most such infections are caused by gram negative schizomycetes and fungi and granulocytopenia is the main risk factor. The onset of such infections in 36 patients with acute leukemia is examined. PMID- 3163410 TI - Two functional estrogen response elements are located upstream of the major chicken vitellogenin gene. AB - We used a transient-expression assay to identify two estrogen response elements (EREs) associated with the major chicken vitellogenin gene (VTGII). Each element was characterized by its ability to confer estrogen responsiveness when cloned in either orientation next to a chimeric reporter gene consisting of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter and the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase-coding region. Deletion analyses indicated that sequences necessary for the distal ERE resided within the region from -626 to -613 (nucleotide positions relative to the VTGII start site) whereas those necessary for the proximal ERE were within the region from -358 to -335. These distal and proximal elements contain, respectively, a perfect copy and an imperfect copy of the 13 base-pair sequence that is an essential feature of the EREs associated with two frog vitellogenin genes. These chicken VTGII EREs mapped near regions that were restructured at the chromatin level when the endogenous VTGII gene was expressed in the liver in response to estradiol. These data suggest a model for the tissue specific expression of this estrogen-responsive gene. PMID- 3163414 TI - [Incidence of mycotic infections in children with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML)]. AB - Opportunistic mycotic infections have a significant influence on the morbidity and mortality of children whose immune systems are depressed by the onset of AML. The present paper assesses the incidence of the pathogenic mycotic flora and the in vitro efficacy of the main antimycotic drugs. Candida was che most commonly encountered pathogen and its in vitro response to the polyenic antibiotics was good. PMID- 3163416 TI - Predictive value of CA 125 for ovarian carcinoma in patients presenting with pelvic masses. PMID- 3163417 TI - Concentration and localization of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in tissues of pancreatic cancer. AB - Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 concentration in the tissue-extracts of cancerous and noncancerous pancreatic tissues were determined by radioimmunoassay. Pancreatic cancer tissues revealed significantly elevated CA 19-9 concentrations, when compared with chronic pancreatitis, normal adult pancreas, or fetal pancreas tissues. Metastatic liver tumors from pancreatic cancer also showed extremely high CA 19-9 concentrations, and there was no significant correlation between tissue CA 19-9 concentration and serum CA 19-9 level in patients with pancreatic cancer. In addition, positive localization of CA 19-9 was clearly observed in cancer cells of pancreatic cancerous tissues by immunohistochemical study, confirming the remarkable increase of CA 19-9 concentration in tissues of pancreatic cancer, although CA 19-9 was also partially found in non-malignant pancreatic tissues. The results indicated that CA 19-9 would be produced in great quantities by cancer cells in tissues of pancreatic cancer, and thus could be a valuable tumor associated antigen suggesting its clinical use as a tumor marker for cancer of the pancreas. PMID- 3163415 TI - Protein kinase C activators mimic the M2-muscarinic receptor-mediated effects on the action potential in isolated sympathetic neurons of rabbits. AB - Protein kinase C activators 1,2-oleoylacetylglycerol (OAG, 0.5-50 microM), a synthetic diacylglycerol analog, and phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (Pb(Bu)2, 0.016-1.6 microM) depressed the calcium (Ca)-dependent components of action potentials in isolated superior cervical ganglion cells of rabbits. Similar depressions were elicited when the M2-muscarinic receptors were activated. This muscarinic modification of the action potential was obscured after the perfusion with protein kinase C inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7, 50 microM). It seems that protein kinase C is an intermediator between the M2 muscarinic receptors and the Ca channels regulating the firing rate of the postganglionic cells. PMID- 3163419 TI - CA 15-3 serum levels in ovarian cancer. AB - Serum levels of CA 15-3, an antigen expressed by human breast carcinoma cells, were measured in 58 ovarian cancer patients, 24 patients with benign ovarian tumor and 62 patients with benign gynecological conditions. Abnormally high serum CA 15-3 levels were found in 41 of 58 patients (71%) with ovarian cancer. The percentage of CA 15-3 positivity correlated with tumor stage. Elevated serum CA 15-3 levels were found in 5 of 24 patients (20%) with benign ovarian tumor. None of the patients with benign gynecological conditions had increased serum CA 15-3 levels. Serial measurements showed CA 15-3 concentrations to be correlated with the clinical behavior of disease in 21 of 25 patients (84%). CA 15-3 serum levels were also found to be correlated with findings on second look. These results suggest that CA 15-3 may represent a useful tumor marker in ovarian cancer. PMID- 3163418 TI - Cytotoxic effects of 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on the proliferation of various tumor cell lines in vitro and its antitumor effects in vivo. AB - 24R,25(OH)2D3, one of the endogenous active metabolites of vitamin D3, showed suppressive effects on the proliferation of various tumor cells in vitro, and showed a suppressive effect on the growth of human osteosarcoma transplanted in nude mice. 24R,25(OH)2D3 increased bone strength lowered by the tumor burden which causes abnormal calcium metabolism and results in hypercalcemia. PMID- 3163421 TI - Immunoscintigraphy with combinations of various monoclonal antibodies--studies on xenografts of human gastrointestinal carcinomas. AB - In order to investigate whether combinations of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) allow a more sensitive and valid localisation of tumors by immunoscintigraphy compared to the application of single MAbs we injected 3.7 MBq/animal of various 131I-labelled MAbs (anti-CA 19-9, -CA 125, -CEA, BW 494/32, 431/31) or equivalent combinations thereof into NuNu-Balb-C mice bearing xenografts of human gastrointestinal tumors. In addition, "dose response curves" were calculated in order to evaluate the results for different total doses. As parameters we mainly used quality of the scans, fractional uptake of injected dose and tumor/blood or tumor/organ ratios. The results do not support the concept that "cocktails" of MAbs improve the results of immunoscintigraphy. In contrast, a single MAb should be used for clinical immunoscintigraphy, preferably the most appropriate one according to the results of serum determinations of the corresponding tumor associated antigens or of immunohistochemistry. Cocktails or consecutive applications of different MAbs for immunoscintigraphy should be restricted to cases without dominant tumor-associated antigen and corresponding MAb, respectively, and to patients in whom a first trial with a first single MAb failed. PMID- 3163420 TI - [Malignant tumors of osteogenic and non-osteogenic origin in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3163423 TI - Phenotypic heterogeneity of melanoma. PMID- 3163422 TI - Factors that control chromatophore differentiation in vivo. PMID- 3163425 TI - Definition of selectable cell surface markers for human chromosomes and chromosome segments in rodent-human hybrids. AB - A panel of 22 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) recognizing 21 distinct human cell surface antigens was tested by mixed hemadsorption assays for reactivity with a large number of rodent-human somatic cell hybrids containing different subsets of the human chromosome complement. The serological typing results permit the assignment of six gene loci determining cell surface antigens to human chromosomes 3, 6, 11, 19, 20, and 22. In addition, analysis of hybrids retaining deleted copies (but no normal homologs) of specific human chromosomes provides regional assignments for 18 gene loci, located on seven different chromosomes. These findings extend and refine the genetic map for human cell surface antigens and identify new selectable markers for defined chromosome segments. PMID- 3163424 TI - Prostaglandin-mediated action of sennosides. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate whether prostaglandins (PG) are involved in the mediation of sennoside-induced colonic fluid and electrolyte secretion. Oral administration of senna pod extract dose-dependently reversed net absorption of water, sodium and chloride to net secretion, increased potassium secretion and stimulated the release of PGE2 into the colonic lumen. Inhibition of PG biosynthesis by pretreatment of the rats with indomethacin significantly inhibited the effects of senna pod extract both on net fluid transport and on PGE2 release. The inhibitory effect of indomethacin on net fluid transport induced by senna pod extract was dose-dependent. It is concluded that sennosides exert their laxative action at least partially via stimulation of colonic fluid and electrolyte secretion, and that this secretion is mediated by stimulation of endogenous PGE2 formation. PMID- 3163427 TI - Development and characterization of mutant chicken cell lines for somatic cell genetics studies. AB - A series of stable mutants bearing nuclear genetic markers were developed from the established chicken cell line DU24. The mutants were obtained after mutagenesis of DU24 cells with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) or arose spontaneously when plated in the appropriate selective medium. Clones resistant to 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) were obtained following a two-step selection procedure and analyzed. The BrdUr cells were found to be deficient in thymidine kinase activity and were HAT sensitive. Molecular characterization of these mutants revealed no deletions or other rearrangements, but methylation of some cytosine residues was decreased in the mutants. A similar restriction profile was seen in a series of mutants made resistant to BrdU after cultivation of DU24 cells in increasing concentrations of the drug over a period of six months. Selection of EMS-treated BrdUr cells in 10 microM ouabain gave rise to a clone resistant to both drugs and which was still HAT sensitive. Clones resistant to 6 thioguanine were also isolated, but showed wild-type hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity and were HAT resistant. A number of the cell lines isolated were found to be suitable for fusion experiments with both chicken cells and cells from other vertebrate species. PMID- 3163426 TI - Irradiation-reduced human chromosome 21 hybrids. AB - Rodent-human somatic cell hybrids have been constructed which contain fragments of human chromosome 21 as their only human material. This was done by irradiating rodent-human somatic cell hybrids containing a complete chromosome 21 to fragment the genome and then rescuing human GAR synthetase and various amounts of flanking chromosome 21 DNA by fusing with GAR synthetase-deficient hamster cells and selecting for growth in purine-free medium. Four irradiation-reduction hybrids were produced by this method and contain the distal, proximal, and central portions of the long arm of human chromosome 21, all centered about GAR synthetase. These irradiation-reduction hybrids were used as a panel to regionally map single-copy and individual copies of repetitive sequences. Using these hybrids along with another independently constructed hybrid, the GAR synthetase gene was mapped distal to SOD-1 and proximal to CP21G1(D21S60). Of special interest is the regional mapping of the gene for the amyloid beta-protein distal to pPW236B(D21S11) and proximal to SOD-1. PMID- 3163429 TI - Ethics and drug abuse. PMID- 3163428 TI - A philosophy of TMJ disorders. PMID- 3163430 TI - Changing concepts in periodontics. Case reports. PMID- 3163432 TI - How to use Paid Dental plans in your practice. PMID- 3163431 TI - It's your responsibility. PMID- 3163433 TI - Calcium, yogurt and vegetable soup. PMID- 3163434 TI - Why doesn't John Hancock have waiver of premium? PMID- 3163435 TI - Your right-to-know. PMID- 3163436 TI - Dentists must identify prospects for Paid Dental plans. PMID- 3163437 TI - What is a professional? WDA Ethics and Dental Relations Committee. PMID- 3163438 TI - Reach out.... PMID- 3163439 TI - Durham Life, John Hancock plans compared. PMID- 3163441 TI - Dental insurance in a changing world. PMID- 3163440 TI - Introducing Paid Dental administrators. PMID- 3163442 TI - "To sleep, perchance to dream...". PMID- 3163443 TI - Lung resection as salvage treatment for metastatic osteosarcoma. AB - Resection of pulmonary metastases has achieved a central role in the overall management of osteosarcoma, since a number of studies have demonstrated that salvage surgery is able to cure 20 to 40% of all relapsing patients. This paper presents the results of surgical management of 27 consecutive cases of pulmonary metastases from osteosarcoma, who underwent complete resection at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan between 1975 and 1986. In the present series, overall actuarial survival at 3 years from the first thoracotomy was 47%, with a median survival of 28 months and no operative mortality. Better results were observed in patients with single lesions (68% survival) or when the interval to lung metastases exceeded 12 months (60% survival). These data support the concept of pulmonary metastasectomy as effective salvage therapy for metastatic osteosarcomas whose distant spread is confined in the lungs. PMID- 3163446 TI - W.V.U.-Cleft Palate Team Clinic: we have a lot to offer! PMID- 3163444 TI - Osteosarcoma of the myometrium synchronous with bilateral papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary and papillary adenocarcinoma of the cervix. AB - We report an extremely rare case of a 60-year-old woman with myometrial osteosarcoma associated with bilateral papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary and papillary adenocarcinoma of the cervix. The uterine osteosarcoma is the seventh case reported in the world, while it is the second case of synchronous triple primary tumors of the upper female genital tract. Clinical and pathological features of previously reported cases of uterine osteosarcoma and triple primary neoplasias of the upper female genital tract are critically reviewed. PMID- 3163445 TI - [Treatment of atelectasis. Therapeutic bronchoscopy or respiratory therapy?]. PMID- 3163448 TI - The "Dicor" inlay/onlay. Case report and summary of advantages. PMID- 3163449 TI - Myofascial pain syndrome masking metastatic adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3163450 TI - Associateships in dental practice. PMID- 3163447 TI - The liability insurance dilemma. PMID- 3163451 TI - Spiral autogenous venous graft in the replacement of large vessels. An experimental study with special reference to replacement of the inferior vena cava. AB - The replacement of large veins poses a difficult problem. Autogenous venous grafts have turned out to be the best replacements for veins. There is, however, no vein available for direct substitution of large veins. The purpose of the present work was to develop a method for replacing a large vein or artery with a vein of smaller caliber, using the dog as the experimental animal. The following conclusions can be drawn on the basis of the present findings: 1. When a small caliber vein is cut open and then sutured in spiral form over a Haegar stent to obtain the desired caliber, the graft can be used to replace a large vein. The method is sufficiently simple and rapid for clinical application. 2. In the vein that is most difficult to replace, i.e. the infrarenal vena cava, the spiral autogenous venous graft remained patent without medication or concurrent peripheral A-V fistula in 88 per cent (15/17) of cases over a long follow-up. No late occlusions occurred. The spiral grafts that remained patent showed no essential morphologic changes, and the grafts retained soft, vein-like walls throughout the study. 3. The spiral venous grafts implanted into the canine abdominal aorta also functioned well. All nine grafts remained patent, and none showed aneurysmal dilatation over a one-year follow-up. The spiral aortic grafts were regularly "arterialized", i.e. developed distinct thickening of the graft wall. The new layer that grew on the inner surface of the graft, the neointima, gradually thickened, but its growth ceased after six months postoperatively. 4. In the infrarenal vena cava of the dog the spiral venous graft and synthetic PTFE graft behaved in completely different ways. The patent spiral grafts showed no essential changes during the follow-up: no caliber variation, no signs of thrombosis, and no late occlusions. All the PTFE grafts, on the other hand, showed various signs of thrombosis. This resulted in an occlusion rate of 50 per cent (5/10) of the grafts within three months. In the PTFE grafts that remained patent the neointima seemed to have developed through organization of the thrombotic layer on the inner surface of the graft. In the dogs followed up for more than six months, the middle part of the PTFE graft was coated by a loosely attached, hard thrombus, which might cause occlusion if it later detaches. PMID- 3163452 TI - Evaluation of test reactions. PMID- 3163453 TI - Animal models in predictive testing and scientific experiments. PMID- 3163454 TI - Relevance of sensitization studies in guinea pigs. PMID- 3163455 TI - Dermal cell infiltrates: allergic, toxic, irritant and type I reactions. PMID- 3163456 TI - Neurogenic inflammation. PMID- 3163457 TI - Mast cells and basophil granulocytes in contact sensitivity. PMID- 3163458 TI - Non-immunologic contact urticaria. Animal tests and their relevance. PMID- 3163459 TI - Irritant contact reactions versus non-immunologic contact urticaria. PMID- 3163460 TI - The fate of the lymphocyte. PMID- 3163461 TI - Systemic contact dermatitis. PMID- 3163462 TI - What can nickel allergy teach us about allergic contact dermatitis? PMID- 3163463 TI - Immunological aspects of allergic contact dermatitis. PMID- 3163464 TI - Studies on leg and foot ulcers. AB - The medical records of patients with leg and foot ulcers caused by vascular disorders were investigated in Goteborg in 1980. The prevalence was estimated to be about 0.3%. The median age of all patients was 73 years. Sixty per cent of the patients were women. There were small differences in the number of leg and foot ulcers cases in each age-group per 1000 inhabitants between men and women. The prevalence of ulcers increased rapidly with age, especially after the age of 70. Seventeen per cent of the patients had ulcers on the medial side of the leg around the ankle only and about 30% on the feet only. Leg and foot ulcer patients were treated by several different specialties and mostly (76%) as outpatients only. From the total of 1377 ulcer patients, 350 patients, who had consulted the Department of Dermatology in 1980 were asked to come for an interview in 1984. Ulcers had been present at some time in each of the years 1981, 1982 and 1983 in 44% of the interviewed patients. During 1980, 24% of the ulcers healed and did not recur before the end of the study. During the follow-up period (3.5 years) 27% of the patients had died. The mortality rate for the leg and foot ulcer patients during the follow-up period was twice as high for both men and women as for the same age groups in the population of Goteborg, during the same years. The risk of dying from ischaemic heart disease was also approximately doubled, but the risk of dying from malignancies was the same. Compression bandages are the most important in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. The pressure under a bandage is proportional to the number of bandage layers with constant stretch. A simple method of regulating the highest comfortable sub-bandage pressure was developed. The number of bandage layers was increased gradually with the same stretch in 30 patients. The reproducibility of the method was tested for different nurses. Compression bandages are often applied for long-term treatment as double bandages. Six women treated for long periods with double bandages for venous leg ulcers developed painful, bright red, glistening skin lesions with pustules, denuded skin and scales as in intertriginous candidiasis. Cultures showed growth of Candida albicans and antimycotic treatment resulted in relief of pain and healing of skin lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3163465 TI - Studies of cardiovascular and renal function in subclinical and manifest diabetic nephropathy. AB - Cardiovascular and Renal function were examined in two populations of long-term insulin-dependent diabetics, those with microalbuminuria, a sign of early, subclinical nephropathy and those with clinically manifest diabetic nephropathy. In addition, clinical variables of possible importance for the occurrence and prognosis of diabetic nephropathy were analyzed. Microalbuminuria - a mean of three over-night urinary albumin excretion rates greater than 20 micrograms/min - was found in 16% of Albustix-negative, normotensive, insulin-dependent diabetics. The microalbuminurics had higher supine blood pressures than normoalbuminurics. The albumin excretion rate in microalbuminurics correlated to blood pressure at rest but not to glycosylated haemoglobin. The cardiovascular responses to five different test manoeuvres revealed more evident signs of autonomic nerve dysfunction in microalbuminurics than in normoalbuminurics. The circulatory reactions during mental stress however, were almost identical in the two subgroups. Despite similar glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow the albumin excretion during mental stress increased in microalbuminurics, but remained unchanged in normoalbuminurics. It is postulated that a disturbance of glomerular basement membrane permeability is a pre-requisite for the elevated albumin excretion seen in microalbuminurics. Inability to regulate glomerular haemodynamics, due to autonomic nerve dysfunction, may also be a contributing factor. Such dysfunction perhaps even explains why microalbuminurics have higher blood pressures at rest compared with normoalbuminurics. In manifest diabetic nephropathy the rate of renal functional decline correlated to arterial blood pressure, while glycemic control showed no such relation. Patients with rapidly progressive nephropathy showed higher values of growth hormone than slow progressors. In patients with diabetic renal failure, cardiac catheterization revealed reduced stroke work and elevated left ventricular end-distolic pressure during exercise. Autonomic nerve dysfunction and arterial hypertension possibly contributed to the impaired cardiac performance. The existence of a specific diabetic cardiopathy must even be considered. There was a male predominance both in subclinical and manifest diabetic nephropathy. Age at onset of diabetes was lower in micro- as compared to normoalbuminurics. Duration of diabetes had no prognostic implication in subclinical or manifest nephropathy. The mortality rate was high in patients with manifest nephropathy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3163466 TI - Acute promyelocytic leukemia presenting as sudden blindness and sinus vein thrombosis. AB - An 11-year-old boy was hospitalized with sudden blindness and sagittal sinus vein thrombosis, which were the presenting signs of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The association of disseminated intravascular clotting (DIC) with APL is well-known, and DIC usually affects the smaller blood vessels. The obliteration of a large blood vessel, as in our case, is an uncommon manifestation of DIC. This presentation of acute childhood leukemia is unusual and, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously reported. PMID- 3163467 TI - Hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and renal failure in a patient with acute leukemia. PMID- 3163468 TI - Bloom syndrome: a single complementation group defines patients of diverse ethnic origin. AB - Patients of diverse ethnic background were recruited in order to examine whether genetic heterogeneity could be demonstrated in Bloom syndrome (BS). Although most cells from BS patients exhibit high sister-chromatid exchange (SCE), lymphoid cells from some patients exhibit dimorphism for high and low SCE. We addressed the issue of dominance or recessivity of the low-SCE BS phenotype. A high-SCE lymphoblast line, HB1, was mutagenized, and a clone, HB10T, carrying the markers ouabain resistance and thioguanine resistance, was isolated to serve as a fusion parent. Two independent low-SCE BS lines were fused with HB10T, and hybrids were selected in HAT medium supplemented with ouabain. The hybrids, which were tetraploid, exhibited the expected phenotypes when exposed to ouabain and thioguanine. In every case, these hybrids had low SCE levels, establishing dominance of the low-SCE phenotype. The same methodology was also used to assess genetic heterogeneity in BS. A complementation analysis was carried out using high-SCE lymphoblast cell lines derived from BS patients. HB10T was fused with five other high-SCE BS lines. No correction of the high SCE characteristic of BS cells was seen in hybrid lines derived from patients of Ashkenazi Jewish, French Canadian, Mennonite, or Japanese extraction. Thus, a single gene is responsible for the high-SCE phenotype in BS patients of diverse ethnic origin. PMID- 3163470 TI - Interference of cefmetazole sodium and cefotetan disodium with urine-glucose testing systems. PMID- 3163469 TI - Linkage of the Wilson disease gene to chromosome 13 in North-American pedigrees. AB - Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting in copper accumulation to toxic levels. Patients may present with neurologic, hepatic, or hematologic disease at any age between the first and fifth decade of life. Because of clinical heterogeneity, genetic heterogeneity in the etiology of the disease has been proposed. Recently, linkage of the WD locus to loci on 13q has been demonstrated in five Middle-Eastern kindreds. We have used esterase D and several polymorphic markers on 13q to investigate linkage in WD pedigrees from the United States and Canada. Ten kindreds, three with hepatic and seven with neurologic presentations, were informative, yielding a lod score of 2.189 at a recombination fraction of .06 with probe 7F12 at D13S1. Patients were generally of mixed European background, but one particularly informative pedigree was Hispanic. Our data confirm the provisional assignment of the gene for WD to 13q. More specifically, our findings indicate that, irrespective of ethnic background or clinical presentation, the linkage to 13q will be present in most pedigrees. The relative lack of linkage heterogeneity indicates that closely linked polymorphic loci on 13q can be useful in prenatal and presymptomatic diagnosis and in heterozygote detection. PMID- 3163471 TI - Possible link between skin infections and HIV. PMID- 3163472 TI - Basic mechanisms in asthma. AB - In summary, mast cell activation is associated with the release of chemotactic factors, enzymes, proteoglycans, and vasoactive mediators. The vasoactive mediators include the leukotrienes, prostaglandin PGD2, adenosine, PAF, and histamine. Their effects are associated with an early phase reaction. This early reaction in the airways is manifested by cough, wheeze, mucous secretion, and a short-lived bronchospastic response. The release of chemotactic factors perhaps including PAF, eosinophil-directed and neutrophil-directed mediators would be associated with the influx into the airway of a variety of leukocytes although neutrophils and eosinophils predominate. The eosinophil contains a variety of toxic materials including a major basic protein known to kill tracheal epithelial cells. The eosinophil also generates PAF and leukotrienes. It could, therefore, be responsible for a self-sustaining tissue damaging inflammatory infiltrate. And finally, there are the neutral protease enzymes whose function remains unknown. It is tempting to speculate that the vasoactive mediators cause an early phase reaction while the enzymes and chemotactic factors set up the inflammation associated with a late phase response. The clinical pertinence to this has been demonstrated by researchers who studied nonspecific bronchial reactivity in patients who have early phase reactions only as compared with those who have both early and late phase reactions to antigen bronchoprovocation. These individuals with only an early phase reaction following antigen bronchoprovocation have a lesser degree of sensitivity to histamine, ie, it requires more histamine to cause bronchoconstriction, and there is no change in their histamine threshold after their early phase response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3163473 TI - Fibrositis and the chronic fatigue syndrome. PMID- 3163475 TI - Speculations on the role of transitional objects in eating disorders. PMID- 3163474 TI - [Effects of K18, a melphalan-human IgG conjugate, on hematologic neoplasms; phase II study experience]. PMID- 3163477 TI - Olivopontocerebellar atrophy with retinal degeneration. A clinical and ocular histopathologic study. AB - The ocular histopathologic and electron microscopic findings were determined in eyes obtained at autopsy from twins with dominant olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) and retinal degeneration (OPCA type III). On light microscopy, a retinal degeneration that involved primarily the photoreceptor layer was present and appeared to start in the macular area and spread to involve the peripheral fundus. The retinal pigment epithelium was variably hypopigmented and hyperpigmented. On electron microscopy, osmiophilic, multimembranous, and complex lipofuscin inclusions were present in conjunctival cells, keratocytes, lens epithelium, iris and ciliary body fibrocytes, occasional outer retinal cells, and retinal pigment epithelial cells. The twins' father and an older sister were also affected and had classic neurologic and ophthalmologic abnormalities. The similarities were noted between the clinical and ultrastructural findings between OPCA type III and the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. PMID- 3163476 TI - Effects of female sex hormones and pregnancy on gallbladder prostaglandin synthesis. AB - To investigate whether female sex hormones and pregnancy induce increased gallbladder synthesis of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) and prostaglandin E (PGE), we used an in vitro incubation chamber to quantitate the effects of progesterone, estrogen, pregnancy, and pregnancy plus a 2%-cholesterol diet on mucosal and serosal PGI2 and PGE production by the rabbit gallbladder. Neither the female sex hormones nor pregnancy alone caused a significant increase in PGI2 or PGE synthesis. The gallbladders of cholesterol-fed, pregnant rabbits demonstrated significant increases only in serosal synthesis of PGI2. This increased production was equivalent to that noted for gallbladders from nonpregnant rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. There were no increases in mucosal synthesis of PGE or of PGI2. Thus, neither elevated levels of progesterone or estrogen nor pregnancy is directly responsible for the increased PGI2 activity in the female gallbladder; conversely, this effect seems to be mediated by the increased biliary concentrations of cholesterol. PMID- 3163479 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging in spinocerebellar degeneration]. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was evaluated in 11 patients with non-familial spinocerebellar degeneration (6 olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy (OPCA) and 5 late cortical cerebellar atrophy (LCCA]. MRI was carried out using a superconducting magnet of 0.256 tesla (VISTA-MR) and an inversion recovery pulse sequence of repetition time 2.08 sec and inversion time 0.5 sec. The degree of atrophy was assessed with regard to ponto-cerebellar system (basis pontis and middle cerebellar peduncle) and cerebellum in the sagittal and coronal images. In the mid-sagittal images, the width of ventral pons, dorsal pons, tegmentum and tectum of midbrain, and the height of fourth ventricle were measured. Especially, the degrees of atrophy of basis pontis in the mid-sagittal image and middle cerebellar peduncle in the coronal image were divided into 4 grades and evaluated respectively. On the other hand, atrophy of cerebellum was judged from enlargement of cerebellar fissures and reduction of cerebellar volume in the sagittal and coronal images. Atrophy of ponto-cerebellar system was found in OPCA, but not in LCCA. In OPCA, atrophy of middle cerebellar peduncle in the coronal image, which was likely to begin in an inferior part of pons, was more marked than, or equal to, atrophy of basis pontis in the mid-sagittal image. With regard to cerebellar vermis, the superior faces were more atrophic than the inferior faces in both OPCA and LCCA, but in OPCA, atrophy on the superior faces was dominant in the posterior lobe including declive and folium as against dominance in the anterior lobe in LCCA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3163480 TI - 'Precautions taken by a group of dentists in the West Midlands against cross infection'. PMID- 3163478 TI - Effects of chronic hyperoxia on the cardiovascular responses to vasoactive compounds in the rabbit. AB - This study evaluated the effect of hyperoxia on the pharmacokinetic function of the lung. Hyperoxia is known to disrupt the activities of the pulmonary prostaglandin dehydrogenase/reductase and angiotensin converting enzymes. This would be predicted to alter the activation/deactivation of prostaglandins or angiotensin. The ability of these enzyme systems to act upon these compounds was evaluated by measuring the changes in the peripheral vascular responses to exogenous prostaglandin and angiotensin. Two groups of conscious, chronically catheterized rabbits, one exposed to ambient air and the other to greater than 98% oxygen, were given bolus injections of angiotensin I, angiotensin II, prostaglandin E2, sodium nitroprusside, and phenylephrine before and during up to 88 h of air or oxygen exposure. The hyperoxic animals' responsiveness to angiotensin I and angiotensin II decreased by 47% and 55%, respectively, after 72 h of oxygen exposure. The hyperoxic animals demonstrated a 54% increase in the vasodilatory response to arterial prostaglandin E2. Normoxic rabbits demonstrated no changes in response to any of the compounds tested. These data indicate that chronic hyperoxia influences either the synthesis/degradation and/or vascular receptors to both angiotensin I and II and prostaglandins. PMID- 3163481 TI - 'The effect of citrate in drinks on plaque pH'. PMID- 3163483 TI - Giant cell arteritis: a forgotten diagnosis. PMID- 3163482 TI - Acceptance by American Dental Association. PMID- 3163484 TI - Sugar in crisps, nuts and savoury snacks. PMID- 3163485 TI - Annual dental examination scheme for residents of homes for the elderly. PMID- 3163487 TI - The effect of including ultra-high-modulus polyethylene fibre on the impact strength of acrylic resin. PMID- 3163486 TI - 'Removal of endodontic paste from the inferior alveolar nerve by sagittal splitting of the mandible'. PMID- 3163488 TI - Time, steam, temperature (TST) control indicators to measure essential sterilisation criteria for autoclaves in general dental practice and the community dental service. PMID- 3163489 TI - Haemangiopericytomas of the head and neck: a report of two cases. AB - Haemangiopericytomas are rare tumours derived from the pericyte. Two cases originating in the head and neck are described and the methods of treatment outlined. PMID- 3163491 TI - Malignant triton tumour of the palate--a case report. AB - The malignant Triton tumour is a malignant schwannoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. This is the first report of this type of rare, aggressive sarcoma arising in the maxilla and only the third report of this type of pathology arising outside the context of von Recklinghausen's disease. Aspects of clinical and histopathological diagnosis are mentioned. PMID- 3163490 TI - Inverted papilloma--a modified surgical approach to reconstruction of the palate. AB - A case of inverted papilloma (Ringertz tumour), which presented as a palatal swelling, is reported. The tumour involved the antral and nasoethmoidal complex. An approach to reconstruction of the palate after removal of the tumour is described. PMID- 3163492 TI - Maxillary chloroma: a myeloid leukaemic deposit. AB - A chloroma is described in the left quadrant of the maxilla in a 4-year-old girl. This patient had previously completed a course of chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia, but had been off all drug therapy and in remission for 1 year prior to presentation. Chloroma is a well recognised, if uncommon, mode of presentation of acute myeloblastic leukaemia and a previous case of chloroma occurring in the mandibular gingival tissues has been reported (Reichart et al., 1984). An unusual feature in the present case is the appearance of the chloroma as a form of leukaemic relapse and as a solitary deposit which is itself uncommon in acute myeloblastic leukaemia. It is suggested that this chloroma was a leukaemic deposit which had spread from within the maxillary antrum or the tissues adjacent to the meninges. PMID- 3163493 TI - Lupus erythematosus--a case of facial swelling. AB - A case is reported of acute facial swelling following tooth extraction that failed to respond in a normal manner. The patient developed systemic signs and symptoms ultimately revealing the diagnosis of lupus erythematosus. The possibility of soft tissue lesions arising in some forms of lupus is emphasised by this report. PMID- 3163494 TI - A new technique for rapid splint localisation. AB - The locking bar is an inherent element of cap splint jaw localisation and fixation technique. The modified method described facilitates relocalisation; potentially reducing operating theatre and technician time. PMID- 3163496 TI - Blue rubber-bleb naevus syndrome. AB - A case is reported of a patient who presented with facial pain and was found to have phleboliths associated with venous anomalies of the face and neck. Systemic investigation revealed a microcytic, hypochromic anaemia which was the result of haemorrhage from multiple haemangiomas of the gastro-intestinal tract. The finding of anaemia together with cutaneous and intestinal haemangiomas fits with a diagnosis of blue rubber-bleb naevus syndrome. PMID- 3163495 TI - An unusual type of mandibular fracture. AB - Fracture of the mandible is a common maxillofacial injury. A case is presented of an unusual type of mandibular fracture. PMID- 3163497 TI - An intraoral combined blue naevus. AB - A combined blue naevus is described which lay below the epithelial surface of the attached lingual gingiva and the anterior region of the floor of the mouth. There was no visible pigmentation due to the masking effect of the overlying hyperkeratotic mucosa. Histologically the lesion was composed of a mixture of intramucosal naevus cells and dendritic melanocytes typical of a common blue naevus. Prophylactic excision of intraoral naevi is advised. PMID- 3163498 TI - A new apicectomy retractor. AB - A retractor designed to give a wide field of vision and surgical access to apicectomy sites in the upper anterior region of the maxilla is described. PMID- 3163499 TI - A Champy plate template. AB - The construction and use of a template is described as an aid for the surgeon using the Champy bone-plate system. It could easily be adapted for use with other plating systems. PMID- 3163500 TI - A study of dental graduates at British medical schools in April 1987. AB - Seventy-nine dentally-qualified medical students studying at British medical schools were identified and sent a questionnaire designed to determine information regarding their past and present careers and their intentions for the future. Replies were received from 52 (65.8%) and the findings are reported and discussed. PMID- 3163501 TI - New intravenous sedative combinations in oral surgery: a comparative study of nalbuphine or pentazocine with midazolam. AB - A randomised, double blind study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of nalbuphine or pentazocine with midazolam in patients undergoing minor oral surgery under local analgesia. Forty patients, aged between 17 and 48 years and in American Society of Anesthesiologists A.S.A. Class I participated. The results confirmed that the use of either nalbuphine (0.2 mg/kg) or pentazocine (0.5 mg/kg) allowed for a significant reduction in the mean dosage of midazolam required to produce satisfactory sedation when compared with trials where midazolam was used alone. Thus a mean midazolam, 0.087 mg/kg (nalbuphine group) or 0.081 mg/kg (pentazocine group) was required compared with 0.17 mg/kg (Aun et al., 1984) and 0.19 mg/kg (Skelley et al., 1984). Inadvertent overdosage with midazolam is prevented as the onset of sedation and its end-point are more obvious. No adverse cardiovascular or respiratory side effects were noted. The recovery rate for both groups was similar. Ninety-five per cent (39 of 40) of patients were able to walk unaided at 2 h post operation. At this time significantly more patients in the nalbuphine group were pain free (p less than 0.001). Both combinations provided excellent operating conditions with a high degree of safety and high patient acceptability. As the nalbuphine group enjoyed a more comfortable post-operative period this combination is favoured. PMID- 3163502 TI - A comparative model membrane study on structural effects of membrane-active positively charged anti-tumor drugs. AB - The interaction of a number of positively charged anti-tumor drugs with cardiolipin-containing model membranes has been investigated using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and monolayer techniques. It appeared that the ellipticines used (i.e., celiptium and 2-N-methylellipticinium), and also ethidium bromide, completely blocked Ca2+ induced HII phase formation in pure cardiolipin liposomes at molar ratios of drug to-lipid of approx. 1:1. For the anthracyclines adriamycin and 4'-epi-adriamycin, a similar effect was observed, but now a 2:1 ratio was required. 31P-NMR experiments on dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine/cardiolipin mixed liposomes indicated that the two anthracyclines, but not the other three drugs, were capable of inducing macroscopic phase separation into domains enriched in drug cardiolipin complexes and domains enriched in the zwitterionic phospholipid species. DSC experiments on dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/cardiolipin mixtures led, with the exception of 2-N-methylellipticinium, to the same conclusion. Measurements of surface pressure and surface potential of cardiolipin monolayers at the air/water interface as well as conformational analysis of the various drug cardiolipin recombinants showed that the ellipticines are deeply embedded in the acyl chain region of the bilayer, while the anthracyclines and ethidium bromide are preferentially localized in the interface. All drugs share an important electrostatic interaction with the negatively charged phosphates of cardiolipin. PMID- 3163504 TI - Karyotype evolution and multilineage involvement of Philadelphia chromosome positive clones in blastic transformation of two patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia. AB - Simultaneous analysis of the cell morphology and karyotypes on single colonies was carried out in two patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia in blastic transformation in order to clarify the origin of leukemic cells involved. Patient no. 1 was in a typical myeloblastic transformation and patient no. 2 in "basophilic transformation." Both patients exhibited karyotype evolution in blastic phase (BP), so that we could differentiate BP clones with additional chromosomal abnormalities from chronic phase (CP) clones with only Ph1 among single colonies. The number of single colonies yielding two or more analyzable metaphases was 18 in patient no. 1, and 19 in patient no. 2. Among these colonies, only three in patient no. 1 and none in patient no. 2 were from CP clones and 15 in patient no. 1 and 19 in patient no. 2 were from BP clones. Morphological examination revealed that not only blasts but also mature neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, macrophages, and erythroblasts were derived from BP clones. These results suggested that (1) BP clones developed at the pluripotent stem cell level, (2) additional chromosomal abnormalities were not restricted to occur in a specific cell line representative in BP; and (3) BP clones, if not all, may retain capacity for maturation and differentiation. PMID- 3163503 TI - [Relation between respiration and swelling of liver mitochondria induced by anthracycline antibiotics]. AB - The anthracycline antibiotics rubomycin (daunorubicin) and carminomycin at concentrations which stimulate mitochondrial respiration in the absence of ADP induce the swelling of rat liver mitochondria. Under these conditions, the lipid peroxidation (LPO) inhibitor ionol slows down both the respiration and swelling of mitochondria. This suggests that stimulation of respiration and swelling under effects of the antibiotics largely depend on LPO. In the presence of the respiration inhibitor antimycin no effect of ionol is observed. Adriamycin (doxorubicin) stimulates mitochondrial respiration in a lesser degree than rubomycin and carminomycin and fails to induce mitochondrial swelling. PMID- 3163506 TI - Clinical indicators of dental status and treatment. PMID- 3163505 TI - In vivo modulation of myelopoiesis by prostaglandin E2. III. Induction of suppressor cells in marrow and spleen capable of mediating inhibition of CFU-GM proliferation. AB - Intravenous (IV) injection of 0.1 to 10 micrograms of authentic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in intact steady-state mice induces a population of bone marrow and spleen cells having the capacity to suppress CFU-GM proliferation when admixed with normal bone marrow cells. Equivalent suppression of CFU-GM committed to monocytic as well as granulocytic differentiation was observed using colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) differing in their lineage specificities and by direct morphological analysis of proliferating clones. Kinetic analysis indicates that suppressive bone marrow cells appear within 2 hours after PGE2 injection, are maximal at 6 hours, and are no longer observed by 24 hours postinjection. Positive and negative selection studies using monoclonal antibodies indicate that the PGE2-induced suppressor cells react positively with anti-GMA 1.2, MAC1, and F4/80 monoclonal antibodies, suggesting a myeloid/monocytic origin. As few as 1,000 positively selected bone marrow or spleen cells were able to inhibit maximally normal CFU-GM proliferation by 50,000 control bone marrow cells. Suppression of normal CFU-GM can be substituted for by 24-hour cell-free supernates from unseparated bone marrow cells or GMA 1.2 or F4/80 positively selected marrow or spleen cells from PGE2-treated but not control mice. These supernates also inhibited BFU-E proliferation. Injection of as few as 2 million bone marrow cells from PGE2-treated mice into steady-state mice or animals hematopoietically rebounding following a sublethal injection of cyclophosphamide significantly suppressed total CFU-GM proliferation in recipient mice within 6 hours. In summary, these studies describe the detection of a novel hematopoietic control network induced by PGE2 in intact mice. PMID- 3163508 TI - The difference between the caries experience of 11- to 13-year-old children in three communities in Derbyshire. PMID- 3163507 TI - A method for analysing caries progression data. PMID- 3163509 TI - Items of dental care received by adult dentate and edentulous populations. PMID- 3163510 TI - A pre-referendum survey of fluoridation attitudes and intended vote. PMID- 3163511 TI - Discussion of empirical approaches to the use of epidemiological survey data in predicting services required. PMID- 3163512 TI - An assessment of the demands made by orthodontic conditions on the oral surgery facilities at one general hospital in southern England. PMID- 3163513 TI - Impairment of gonadotropin binding occurs during membrane rigidification in plasma membrane samples prepared from regressed rat corpora lutea. AB - The effect upon human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) binding of a 90-min incubation of plasma membranes prepared from the corpora lutea of control and prostaglandin F2 alpha injected rats was studied. After incubation for 90 min with 1 mM CaCl2 at 40 degrees C, single point hCG binding assays at room temperature revealed a significant decrease in the degree of binding of approximately 50% in membrane samples prepared from regressed corpora lutea. The binding decrease in regressed samples did not occur if the incubation temperature was reduced to 35 degrees C or if calcium ion was replaced with magnesium. Scatchard analyses indicated that the decrease in binding capacity was the result of a loss of gonadotropin receptors rather than an affinity shift. Specific activities of two membrane bound enzymes (Na+-K+ ATPase, 5'-nucleotidase) did not change in a correlative fashion during the incubation. In previous studies the same in vitro conditions caused a substantial and significant decrease in membrane fluidity, as determined by fluorescence polarization. Thus it appears that the membrane rigidification is of a specific nature and interferes with gonadotropin binding during luteolysis. PMID- 3163514 TI - Health of Toronto's street kids disturbing, study reveals. PMID- 3163516 TI - Induction of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations by busulfan in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia and normal bone marrow. AB - Cytogenetic effects of busulfan in vitro were studied in normal bone marrow (nine cases) and Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive cells (10 cases) of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. The frequency of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) increased dose dependently. While there were no significant differences between normal and leukemic cells with regard to the induction of chromosome aberrations, the frequency of SCE was significantly lower in Ph-positive cells than in normal bone marrow. This difference was not only apparent on the basis of the SCE frequency per cell, but also when the SCE frequency was correlated to the relative chromosome length as shown by the SCE rate per chromosome group. Longitudinal studies of three patients who received long term busulfan treatment did not show a significant change in the frequency of induced SCE. It can be suggested that the lower frequency of induced SCE in Ph positive cells reveals less sensitivity of the leukemic cells to DNA damage by busulfan. Our data provide evidence for the inability of busulfan treatment to eradicate or even reduce Ph-positive cells in chronic myeloid leukemia. Evaluation of cell proliferation by sister chromatid differentiation shows longer cell cycle times for the Ph-positive cells. Busulfan affected the cell cycle duration of leukemia and normal cells very little. PMID- 3163515 TI - Mechanism of actinomycin D-induced resistance in Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma: an ultrastructural study. AB - The ultrastructural appearances of actinomycin D treated sensitive and resistant sublines of Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma (ROS) have been correlated with the suggested mechanism of drug-induced resistance. The resistant subline (designated ROS/ADX/G2) was developed by repeated suboptimal treatment of tumor bearing animals and passage of the fastest growing tumors. In the present experiments, animals bearing sensitive and resistant tumors were given a single intraperitoneal injection of actinomycin D (0.3 microgram/g) and examined at 1, 6 and 24 h after injection. The principal effect of actinomycin D treatment in both cell lines was the development of nucleolar segregation. This change, however, followed a different time-scale in each case, appearing more prominently at an early stage and returning more quickly to normal in the actinomycin D resistant cell line. These findings can be interpreted as being in agreement with the suggestion that reduced drug retention or an increased rate of detoxification provides the mechanism of acquired resistance. PMID- 3163517 TI - Availability of fluoride at different sites in the buccal sulcus. AB - After rinsing with a fluoride solution, the amounts of fluoride taken up by small pieces of dentine placed strategically about the mouth varied considerably from site to site in the oral cavity. The pattern of fluoride availability in this subject's mouth was in line with previous findings about fluoride distribution in his labial sulcus. The present results therefore suggest by analogy that considerable variations in fluoride clearance and concentration must exist throughout the oral cavity. These previous studies of fluoride clearance from the labial sulcus also showed that there are marked differences between individuals. The present findings, emerging from a study of 1 subject, therefore imply a need for more information about the variations in the availability, concentration and clearance of fluoride and, by extrapolation, of other substances throughout the mouths of different individuals. PMID- 3163518 TI - Patterns of fluoride distribution on the surface of a tooth fragment after clinical treatment with fluoride gel. AB - This paper describes site-to-site variations in fluoride concentration in the surface region of a tooth fragment sent from a patient who, following radiation therapy, had been repeatedly treated with fluoride gel. The fluoride content of the tooth surface was determined with the intention of establishing the extent to which the treatment had enhanced the fluoride content of the tooth surface. The work illustrates the difficulties in the choice of a suitable sampling site and the importance of adopting a suitable sampling technique. It highlights, once again, some of the problems encountered in attempting to interpret analytical data about fluoride levels in tooth surfaces. PMID- 3163520 TI - Evaluation of the effects of F in acidified gelatin gel on root surface lesion development in vitro. AB - Oral exposed, natural root surfaces of extracted human teeth were subjected to artificial lesion formation in gels of dialyzed gelatin that contained 75 mM lactic and 25 mM acetic acid and 1, 3, 10, 32, 100, 320, 550, or 1,000 mg F/l at pH 4.3-4.4 and at 36 degrees C. Ca and PO4 demineralization per square millimeter exposed surface and lesion depth decreased with increased F concentrations, except for the levels above 320 mg/l. Quantitative microradiographic image analyses showed that the mean percent mineral content of the entire lesions relative to the adjacent sound tissue was constant at about 64% for the F levels less than 320 mg/l. F above 3 mg/l changed the mineral density profile of the lesions by eliminating subsurface lamination. This showed that sufficient F incorporated at the site of demineralization prevented lesion progression and that the best effect would be obtained for F levels between 100 and 320 mg/l. Higher levels of F may also prove to be beneficial by providing labile F from CaF2 formed in the root surface. PMID- 3163521 TI - Fluoride uptake in vivo by artificial caries lesions in root surface dentin from sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrices. PMID- 3163519 TI - Effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on the deposition of alkali-soluble fluoride on enamel in vitro. AB - There are indications that sodium lauryl sulfate may reduce the cariostatic effect of fluoride when present together with sodium monofluorophosphate during topical application. The aim of the present study was to examine the in vitro deposition of alkali soluble fluoride on enamel during topical application with sodium fluoride in combination with sodium lauryl sulfate. It was found that increasing amounts of lauryl sulfate decreased the amount of alkali soluble fluoride deposited on the enamel. The amount of fluoride deposited from toothpaste supernatants was less than that from aqueous solutions of NaF with the same concentration of fluoride. Enamel pieces, pretreated with sodium lauryl sulfate showed a reduced deposition of alkali-soluble fluoride after incubation in a fluoride solution. It was also observed that the presence of lauryl sulfate increased the solubility of CaF2 in water. PMID- 3163522 TI - Determination of mineral changes in human dental enamel by longitudinal microradiography and scanning optical monitoring and their correlation with chemical analysis. AB - Both longitudinal microradiography (LMR) and scanning optical monitoring (OM) are non-destructive methods for measuring mineral changes in dental tooth enamel slices with time at 169 locations on the slice. Average calcium losses from four human tooth enamel slices (300-400 micron thickness), etched in HClO4, were determined by LMR and chemical analysis (C). As predicted from theory, LMR and C correlate very well (r = 0.99), but the appearance of a systematic error of unknown source of 30% made with LMR, C, or both could not be avoided. Another, more complex, experiment concerned six human tooth enamel slices of the same thickness which were demineralized in an aqueous buffered acid solution containing Ca and PO4. From this experiment it was found that average calcium loss as measured by C and LMR correlated well with the optical scattering as measured with scanning OM (Spearman rank correlation rs approximately equal to 0.79). It was also found that three-dimensional plots of local calcium loss by LMR and scanning OM as a function of tooth slice surface position show a well defined tooth-dependent increase due to local demineralization and rather similar behaviour with time. From the experiments it follows that LMR and scanning OM are reliable methods to determine the mineral change in a tooth tissue as a function of local tooth slice surface position and of time and that with LMR and scanning OM time- and position-dependent measurements with an oral device become feasible. PMID- 3163523 TI - Influence of extraoral xylitol and sucrose dippings on enamel demineralization in vivo. AB - This paper describes the effect of xylitol on demineralized enamel in plaque-free and plaque-covered conditions in vivo. Fissure-like plaque retention grooves were created in 66 human enamel blocks and demineralized in vitro. The blocks were mounted in a prosthesis of 11 participants, who used a 2.5% xylitol, a 2.5% sucrose solution or water extraorally in a randomized cross-over design, for three periods of 16 days. The participants submerged the prosthesis twice a day in the solution during 5 min. Mineral loss and lesion depth were measured before and after the in vivo experiment, using quantitative microradiography and polarized light microscopy. Lesion depth at the surface enamel was +/- 45 microns, at the wall of the grooves +/- 30 microns and at the bottom of the grooves +/- 50 microns before the experiment. After 16 days the lesion depth at the wall of the grooves was +/- 40 microns and at the bottom of the grooves +/- 75 microns. In the grooves no differences were found between the xylitol, the sucrose and the water treatment. At the surface enamel a significant reduction of enamel demineralization was found after the xylitol dippings. The lesion depth at the surface enamel increased 17 microns after the sucrose treatment and 7 microns after the xylitol treatment. The mineral loss after the sucrose and the water treatment were both approximately three times higher than the mineral loss after the xylitol treatment. PMID- 3163524 TI - Influence of xylitol on growth, establishment, and cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans in dental plaque of rats. AB - The influence of xylitol on glucose metabolism of Streptococcus mutans C67-1S was studied in vitro and in rats in vivo. In vitro there was an inhibition by xylitol of the growth rate and acid production of S. mutans C67-1S, but in vivo no effect on the initial growth rate could be demonstrated. In vivo there was a delay in the start of growth of S. mutans which resulted in a 10-day delay of establishment. The isolated xylitol-resistant mutant of C67-1S, S. mutans C67-1S XR, showed no difference in glucose metabolism in batch cultures. S. mutans C67 1S and S. mutans C67-1S XR were both used to study caries development in SPF Osborne Mendel rats. The rats were housed under programmed feeding conditions and were fed a glucose or a glucose-xylitol diet. In the case of S. mutans C67-1S, there was a remarkable inhibition of fissure caries lesions in the presence of xylitol compared to the glucose group. But also in the S. mutans C67-1S XR groups there were fewer lesions in the presence of xylitol. These results indicated that the anticariogenic properties of xylitol do not only depend on an inhibition of bacterial metabolism, but in part on other mechanisms. PMID- 3163525 TI - A simple test for the determination of salivary sucrase activity. PMID- 3163527 TI - Effect of professional flossing with chlorhexidine gel on approximal caries in 12 to 15-year-old schoolchildren. AB - The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine gel treatment on caries development of approximal tooth surfaces and on salivary counts of Streptococcus mutans. 220 12-year-old schoolchildren, divided into three groups, participated: (1) chlorhexidine gel group (n = 72), (2) placebo gel group (n = 77), and (3) control group (n = 71). The study was carried out double blind with respect to the two gel groups. Group 1 was treated 4 times/year with 1% chlorhexidine gel and group 2 with a placebo gel. Approximately 1 ml of gel was applied interdentally by means of a flat dental floss. The control group did not receive any gel treatment or flossing. Number of S. mutans in the saliva was estimated on five occasions during the study with the spatula method. After 3 years, the mean approximal caries increment, expressed as new DFS, was 2.50 in the chlorhexidine gel group and 4.30 in the placebo gel group (p less than 0.05). The corresponding figure in the control group was 5.25 (p less than 0.001 when compared to group 1). 44% of the children in the chlorhexidine gel group and 32% in the placebo gel group did not develop any new approximal caries lesion during the 3-year observation period compared to 18% in the control group (group 1-3 p less than 0.001; group 2-3 p less than 0.05). The number of new approximal fillings (FS) was 0.24 in the chlorhexidine gel group, 0.75 in the placebo gel group and 0.82 in the control group (group 1-3 p less than 0.01; group 2-3 p less than 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to numbers of S. mutans in saliva. However, there were more individuals with low numbers of S. mutans in the chlorhexidine gel group at the final examination compared to the baseline level (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3163526 TI - Sulcal plaque pH and remineralization of sulcal caries in rats exposed to dietary and water fluoride. AB - After being inoculated with Streptococcus (mutans) sobrinus 6715 and fed a mildly caries-promoting diet for 14 days, sulcal plaque pH response to topical application of a 10% sucrose solution was measured in two groups of rats. The first group (experimental) was then fed diet and drinking water to which 1 mmol (20 ppm) fluoride had been added (0.5 mmol for 7 days and 1 mmol for 14 days) and pH measurements were repeated. The second group was held as a control and a third group was sacrificed to provide baseline caries scores. There was no difference in the fall in pH after topical application of 10% sucrose solution between the control and experimental group, nor between the pre- and postfluoride measurements for the experimental group. Sulcal caries incidence in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group. The results of this experiment emphasize the importance of a cariostatic mechanism of action for fluoride based on remineralization of enamel lesions and do not support the in vivo adaptation to fluoride by oral microorganisms. PMID- 3163528 TI - Appearance of a novel type of ganglioside (GD1 alpha) in a differentiation resistant clone of mouse myeloid leukemia cells, M1-R1. AB - Glycolipid compositions of three mouse myeloid leukemia cell clones, two that are sensitive to differentiation inducers (M1-T22 and M1-S1) and one that is differentiation-resistant (M1-R1), have been compared. The T22 and S1 clones contained glucosylceramide (GlcCer), lactosylceramide (LacCer) and gangliotriaosylceramide (Gg3Cer) as the major neutral glycolipids. The differentiation resistant clone, R1, was characterized by the appearance of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer) and a decrease of Gg3Cer. There was a distinct difference in the ganglioside profile between the differentiation-inducible and resistant clones: T22 and S1 cells contained no detectable amounts of ganglioside, whereas six different gangliosides were detected in the R1 clone. These gangliosides were isolated and identified as GM3, GM2, GM1a, GD1a, GM1b, and a unique disialoganglioside, GD1 alpha, having the following structure: (formula; see text) Based on these comparative studies, the relationship between the glycolipid composition and the differentiation potential of leukemia cells is discussed. PMID- 3163529 TI - A phase II study of oral idarubicin (4-demethoxydaunorubicin) in advanced breast cancer. AB - Idarubicin (4-demethoxydaunorubicin: DMDNR) is an orally active analogue of daunorubicin that has shown promising activity in animal and early clinical studies. We gave idarubicin in a phase II study to patients with advanced breast cancer unresponsive to hormonal manipulation and in some cases to standard chemotherapeutic agents. Idarubicin was given orally every 21 days at a starting dose of 40 mg/m2 with dose escalation until myelosuppression occurred. Nadir blood counts showed that patient compliance was good. Of 33 patients studied, 32 are evaluable for response: 4 (13%) had partial responses (95% confidence interval 1%-23%) with a duration of response between 32 and 59 weeks; 8 (25%) had static disease for between 17 and 48 weeks; and 20 failed to respond. For patients not previously exposed to chemotherapy, the response rate was 3/19 (16%). Toxicity was mild, with little or no gastro-intestinal disturbance in the majority of patients, no severe haematological toxicity and little alopecia. Two patients however, were withdrawn from the study because of toxicity; one with a skin rash and one with severe vomiting. Idarubicin produces little toxicity when given orally at a dose of 40 mg/m2 every 21 days, but its activity in breast cancer is insufficient to justify its further use with this schedule. Further studies should be undertaken only if direct comparison can be made with doxorubicin. PMID- 3163531 TI - Increased O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity and reduced mutability in 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2- chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea resistant HeLa S3 cells. AB - To clarify the involvement of O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) in mutagenesis, we have been trying to isolate Mer+ cells from a HeLa S3 Mer- cell line, and to compare the mutation frequencies between the cell lines. We previously isolated the N methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-resistant cells, MR10-1, from HeLa S3 Mer- cells. However, the MR10-1 cells still had only a little O6-MeG-DNA methyltransferase (MT) activity. In the present study, we have isolated two 1-(4 amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea (ACNU) resistant cells, ACr41 and ACr42, from the MR10-1 cells. The two ACr cells had increased MT activities. The ACr cells were also significantly more resistant to 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and slightly more resistant to MNNG than the MR10 1 cells. When the mutation frequencies were tested at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase and ouabain loci in these cell lines, the two ACr cells were more resistant to the mutagenic effect of MNNG than the MR10-1 cells. These results show the linkage between the resistance to the cytotoxic effect of nitrosourea compounds and MT activity, and strongly support the hypothesis that O6-MeG is the main pre-mutagenic lesion induced by MNNG. PMID- 3163532 TI - Identification of HIV-specific oligoclonal immunoglobulins in serum of carriers of HIV antibody. AB - Zone electrophoresis on agarose gel was performed on serum samples from HIV antibody carriers and negative controls. Nitrocellulose strips precoated with an HIV preparation were then placed on top of the gels and developed by an immunoblotting procedure. A positive reaction was demonstrated between the HIV antigens and the HIV-antibody-positive serum samples with hypergammaglobulinemia and oligoclonal IgG bands. A negative reaction was found between the HIV antigens and HIV-antibody-negative serum samples from a normal person and a patient with monoclonal gammopathy. The presence of oligoclonal IgG bands in the serum of HIV antibody carriers, and their positive identification with HIV antigens, indicates a specific immune response of the host to the HIV infection and supports the use of oligoclonal IgG bands as markers to follow the course of HIV infection. PMID- 3163530 TI - Potential carcinogenicity of 5,6-dimethoxysterigmatocystin in rats. AB - The potential carcinogenic activity of 5,6-dimethoxysterigmatocystin (DMSC) was examined by oral administration in rats. In Experiment I, all of eight effective ACI/N rats given DMSC in the diet at a concentration of 50 p.p.m. developed neoplastic nodules of the liver. Five rats developed hepatocellular carcinomas and four rats had hemangioendothelial sarcomas of the liver. Two other rats developed osteosarcomas. In Experiment II, F344 rats were given DMSC by gavage once every 2 weeks at dose of 2 mg/0.15 ml dimethylformamide. Out of 24 effective animals 19 rats developed neoplastic nodules of the liver, and eight rats had hepatocellular carcinomas. Hemangioendothelial sarcoma of the liver was seen in one rat. Two rats developed osteosarcomas in the upper legs. Proliferative fibrous lesions which were considered to be a preneoplastic change of the bone tumors were seen in the thighbones of four rats. Results obtained from these two experiments indicate that DMSC is hepatocarcinogenic, as is sterigmatocystin, and that the compound is probably weakly carcinogenic for the bone. PMID- 3163533 TI - Prospective study of sequential technetium-99m phosphate and gallium imaging in painful hip prostheses (comparison of diagnostic modalities). AB - Twenty-two painful hip prostheses were studied prospectively with plain radiography, aspiration and arthrography, Tc-99m phosphate bone imaging, and gallium imaging to evaluate loosening, infection, or both and to compare the accuracy of these modalities. Fifteen prostheses were revised yielding 14 loose femoral and eight loose acetabular components. Five proved to have infected prostheses. Arthrograms, plain radiographs, and bone scans are highly sensitive in detecting loosening of the femoral component. This study confirmed a previous retrospective study in demonstrating that accuracy of diagnosis of an abnormal acetabular component using all four modalities is less than that for the femoral component. In infected prostheses, phosphate bone imaging showed high sensitivity of a pattern that accurately diagnosed all the infected cases, whereas gallium imaging missed one case. PMID- 3163534 TI - Positive gallium-67 citrate uptake in a patient with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. AB - Fibrous dysplasia is an uncommon bone condition with characteristic radiologic features. It is well known that there is increased uptake of Tc-99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) and methylene diphosphonate (MDP) in fibrous dysplasia. There are no reports of uptake of Ga-67 citrate by fibrous dysplasia. A case is reported in which positive Ga-67 uptake was seen in a patient with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. PMID- 3163535 TI - Gallium uptake in the thyroid gland in amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism. AB - Amiodarone is an iodinated antiarrhythmic agent that is effective in the treatment of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. A number of side effects are seen, including pulmonary toxicity and thyroid dysfunction. A patient with both amiodarone-induced pneumonitis and hyperthyroidism who exhibited abnormal gallium activity in the lungs, as well as diffuse gallium uptake in the thyroid gland is presented. The latter has not been previously reported and supports the concept of iodide-induced "thyroiditis" with gallium uptake reflecting the inflammatory response. PMID- 3163537 TI - Starvation and mucosal prostaglandin-E2 in gastric stress ulceration. AB - To determine whether starvation increases the susceptibility of the gastric mucosa to stress ulceration and whether this effect is linked to a change in the mucosal level of prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), 100 Holtzman rats were divided into five groups and deprived of food for 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. Then, ten animals within each group were stressed by cold restraint. At the end of the stress period, all these animals as well as their unstressed counterparts were killed, the number of gastric ulcers were counted, and mucosal levels of PGE2 were assayed. Fasting alone caused no ulcerations but a decrease in mucosal PGE2 during the initial 24 h (p less than .05). However, there was a subsequent increase in mucosal PGE2, possibly related to the release of free fatty acids during starvation. Starvation and stress caused a marked and consistent reduction of the mucosal PGE2 and an increase in the number of mucosal ulcerations directly related to the duration of starvation (p less than .05). PMID- 3163536 TI - Vertebral "void" on radiogallium imaging after radiation therapy. PMID- 3163538 TI - A double-blind comparison of ibuprofen, placebo and ibuprofen with meptazinol in soft tissue rheumatism. AB - The administration of ibuprofen potentiates and prolongs the analgesic effect of meptazinol when the two drugs are given simultaneously to mice. A double-blind three-way crossover study of placebo, ibuprofen (1600 mg/day) and ibuprofen (1600 mg/day) plus meptazinol (400 mg/day) was carried out in 45 patients with soft tissue rheumatism to see if the same potentiation could be demonstrated in man. Treatment order was randomized and each regimen was given for 2 weeks preceded by 1 week on paracetamol alone. Assessments were made, on entry and after each treatment period, of pain parameters using visual analogue or verbal rating scales. Patients' overall impression and final preference showed both active treatments to be better than placebo and demonstrated a slight preference for the combination. PMID- 3163540 TI - Dentistry's future: solving problems through research. PMID- 3163539 TI - Recovery from cryptococcemia and the adult respiratory distress syndrome in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - We describe a patient who presented with cryptococcosis and the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as the initial manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This patient represents the first reported recovery from ARDS secondary to widespread cryptococcosis. He is currently doing well as an outpatient on maintenance therapy with amphotericin B and azidothymidine. PMID- 3163541 TI - Community outreach: Part I of a series. Broad perspectives and goals for community health and student education. PMID- 3163544 TI - [Cells of the "hand mirror" type in lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. AB - Based on cytochemical studies of the surface antigens and receptors, a lymphoid nature of "hand mirror" type cells was established in 24 children with an acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Their identity to the cells typical of the disease variant termed formerly an acute lymphoreticulosis is shown. PMID- 3163543 TI - Inhibition of gene expression at the translational level by cotransfection with competitor plasmids. AB - We have investigated the effect of cotransfection with other recombinant plasmids on the expression of a test plasmid, p2A9PrCAT, in which the calcyclin promoter directs the expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol transferase (CAT) coding sequence. The expression of CAT is markedly inhibited when p2A9PrCAT is cotransfected with any of several plasmids in which a promoter controls the expression of complete or partial transcribed sequences. A series of experiments indicates that the inhibition is not sequence specific, does not require a full length protein product, but it requires a transcript, since cotransfection with a vector containing only a promoter gives only a modest inhibition. Although CAT activity is decreased markedly in these competition experiments, the amount of CAT mRNA is unaffected, indicating that the inhibition must take place at a translational level. PMID- 3163542 TI - Exaggerated prostaglandin production by colonic smooth muscle in rabbit colitis. AB - Enhanced production of arachidonic acid metabolites by colonic mucosa has been reported in ulcerative colitis as well as in experimental models of colitis. However, production of these compounds by colonic smooth muscle from colitis subjects has not been described. To evaluate arachidonic acid metabolism in colonic tissue, we studied the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by mucosa and muscularis propria in two experimental models of acute colitis in which inflammation was virtually confined to the mucosa. Colitis was induced in New Zealand white rabbits by either of two methods, dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) sensitization or formalin followed by intravenous soluble immune complexes (F IC). Arachidonic acid metabolites were identified from in vitro incubations of tissue with [14C] arachidonic acid by thin layer chromatography followed by autoradiography. The major eicosanoid metabolites of colitis mucosa and muscularis were 14C-labeled prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2a and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha. PGE2 was quantitated from incubations without labeled arachidonic acid by radio-immunoassay. PGE2, expressed as picograms per milligram protein per 20 min (mean +/- SEM), was increased in F-IC mucosa (1093 +/- 141 vs 645 +/- 189, P less than 0.05) and DNCB mucosa (1354 +/- 487 vs 527 +/- 222, P less than 0.05) compared to normals. PGE2 production by uninflamed colitis muscularis propria was also increased five- to eightfold compared to normals for F-IC muscularis (1594 +/- 329 vs 189 +/- 35, P less than 0.005) and DNCB muscularis (1287 +/- 171 vs 225 +/- 72, P less than 0.005). Thus, the adjacent inflammation in colonic mucosa may induce increased eicosanoid production by the uninflamed smooth muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3163546 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity of the serum and radiation-induced osteosarcoma in rats]. AB - Alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDG) activities are stained in rat blood serum and osteogenic sarcomas of different histostructure, which developed following a combined exposure of 239Pu (92.5 kBq/kg of body mass) and gamma-irradiation (103.2 mC/kg), as well as following separate exposures to these factors at the same doses. Alkaline phosphatase activities in blood serum and neoplastic bone tissues were found to correlate with the histostructure of osteogenic sarcomas, the distribution and the localization of metastases. Shifts in an isoenzymic spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase in neoplastic bone tissues and blood serum are observed, with a tendency to an increase in the LDG3 and LDG4 and to a decrease in the LDG5 fractions. PMID- 3163545 TI - [Cytostatic activity of granulocytes in patients with acute leukemia]. AB - The in vitro spontaneous cytostatic activity of peripheral blood granulocytes against human tumour cell of erythromyeloid line K-562 has been studied in healthy persons and in patients with acute leukemia. It has been found that with the target cell K-562: granulocyte ratio of 1:20, the normal granulocytes inhibit the K-562 cell growth by 44.3 +/- 3.1% at 37 degrees C within 42 h; in patients with acute leukemia in the acute phase of the disease the cytostatic activity is greatly lowered, while in remission up to two years it increases, however, without reaching the normal values. In remissions of more than three years, this physiological function of granulocytes is normalized. PMID- 3163547 TI - The effects of bradykinin on ovulation and prostaglandin production by the perfused rabbit ovary. AB - Involvement of the vasoactive peptide bradykinin (BK) in ovulation, oocyte maturation, and prostaglandin (PG) production was assessed using an in vitro perfused rabbit ovary preparation. In the first experiment, BK at a concentration of 0.033, 0.33, or 3.3 micrograms/ml was added to the perfusate of one ovary at hourly intervals for the first 10 h of perfusion. The contralateral control ovary was treated with medium alone parallel to the experimental ovary. Ovaries were perfused for a total of 12 h. BK induced ovulation in the absence of gonadotropin in a dose-related fashion, but did not induce maturation of ovulated ova or follicular oocytes. BK significantly stimulated PG production at all concentrations tested, but the effect was not dose related. Prostacyclin, as reflected by the concentration of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the perfusate, was the major PG produced. Smaller quantities of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were present in the perfusate. After a single injection of BK (3.3 micrograms/ml), 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGF2 alpha production increased within 15 min and reached a maximum at 60-90 min. PGE2 did not change significantly over this time period. The addition of 1 microgram/ml indomethacin to the perfusate completely inhibited BK-stimulated PG production. However, indomethacin did not significantly affect the ovulatory efficiency of BK-treated ovaries. Neither BK nor indomethacin induced any degenerative changes in ovulated ova or follicular oocytes. The addition of a BK antagonist at 1 microgram/ml every 30 min to the perfusate resulted in an effective blockade of hCG-induced ovulation. These results suggest that BK is involved in the process of follicle rupture, but BK may induce ovulation by a mechanism(s) other than through PG stimulation. PMID- 3163548 TI - Effects of transforming growth factor-beta on matrix synthesis by chick growth plate chondrocytes. AB - Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) is a local regulator of cell metabolism and growth. TGF beta increases the synthesis of collagen and enhances the deposition of matrix by almost all cells studied to date. The presence of TGF beta in cartilage suggests an important autocrine function, and the present study was designed to examine its influence on the matrix synthesis of chick epiphyseal chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were plated in serum-free (BSA-supplemented) medium or medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and after 24 h in monolayer culture were treated with TGF beta in identical medium. A 24-h incubation with TGF beta caused a dose-dependent decrease in collagen synthesis (-14%) and increase in noncollagen protein synthesis (+25%), with greater effects in serum containing medium (-22% and +58%, respectively). Similarly, the stimulation of sulfate incorporation by TGF beta was greater in FBS-containing medium (+140%) than in serum-free medium (+70%). These changes were present by 6 h, were maximal in the 0.3-3.0 ng/ml dose range, and were found to reflect an alteration in extracellular protein synthesis. The enhancement of TGF beta effects by serum was abolished when chondrocytes were plated and exposed to TGF beta in medium containing dialyzed FBS (12-14K membrane). The present study indicates that TGF beta influences the synthesis of matrix components by growth plate chondrocytes. The effects are enhanced by factors present in serum. PMID- 3163549 TI - Comparison of glucocorticoid receptors in two rat hepatoma cell lines with different sensitivities to glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids. AB - Two independently derived rat hepatoma cell lines, HTC and Fu5-5, differ in their sensitivities to both glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids, despite virtually identical number and affinity of glucocorticoid receptors. The present study further examined both receptors for differences that could account for the nonidentical responses of the two cell lines. HTC and Fu5-5 cell receptors that were covalently labeled with [3H] dexamethasone 21-mesylate ([3H]DM) had the same mol wt of about 97,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the same isoelectric point of about 6.4 by nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis. Limited proteolysis of receptor-[3H]DM complexes with three different proteases generated identical protease-specific digestion patterns regardless of the cellular origin of the receptors. Receptor [3H]dexamethasone complexes prepared from either Fu5-5 or HTC cells bound calf thymus DNA with the same affinity in vitro. In intact cells, the intracellular distribution of receptor-dexamethasone or receptor-DM complexes at equilibrium was almost identical in the two cell lines. Thus, we detected no differences in the size, sequence, or net charge of Fu5-5 or HTC cell receptors; additionally, there were no significant differences in steroid uptake, receptor binding, or activation, translocation, and nuclear binding of receptor-steroid complexes. However, the DM labeling efficiency, calculated as the percentage of total receptors covalently labeled by DM, was higher in HTC cells (65.9 +/- 12.9%; n = 5) than in Fu5-5 cells (39.3 +/- 7.7%; n = 5). The labeling efficiency of DM correlated inversely with its ability to induce tyrosine aminotransferase activity, suggesting that DM forms noncovalent, as well as covalent, complexes in vivo which mediate the glucocorticoid and antiglucocorticoid activities of DM, respectively. Further research is required to identify the factor(s) that influences DM labeling efficiency, thereby affecting the amount of DM agonist activity and, possibly, the sensitivity of the cells to glucocorticoids. PMID- 3163551 TI - Muscle pain in neuromuscular disorders and primary fibromyalgia. AB - Muscle fibre degeneration and regeneration, inflammation in intramuscular connective tissue and hypoxia in resting muscle are not necessarily associated with pain. However, when sustained or dynamic muscle contractions are performed in an ischaemic muscle, severe pain develops. In the chronic muscle pain syndrome called fibromyalgia (or fibrositis) the most likely cause of the pain is a combination of muscle tension and muscle hypoxia. This conclusion is supported by the finding of a pathological distribution of tissue oxygen tension in painful muscles and a subjective feeling of muscle tension and muscle stiffness in the majority of patients. A decrease in high energy phosphates is found in biopsies from painful muscle. The most characteristic morphological finding is the so called ragged red fibre, which is a finding that can been seen in mitochondrial disorders. The morphological and chemical findings are possibly a consequence of a long standing hypoxia. The possibility that activity in muscle sympathetic nerves is important for the development of chronic muscle pain is discussed. PMID- 3163550 TI - Increased concentration of prostaglandin E-2 in cerebrospinal fluid of children with febrile convulsions. AB - Concentrations of prostaglandins (PGs) in the central nervous system are known to increase during and after experimentally induced seizures. In the present study, concentrations of PGE-2 were determined by radioimmunoassay in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 17 children shortly after a febrile convulsion. PGE 2 data of these children were compared with those determined in afebrile children and febrile children without convulsions. Duration of storage of CSF samples at 30 degrees C prior to analysis had no influence on PGE-2 levels. Compared with afebrile patients, PGE-2 levels were significantly higher after febrile convulsions. Significantly elevated concentrations of PGE-2 were also found in febrile children without seizures, although the mean PGE-2 level in these patients was somewhat lower than that determined after a febrile convulsion. When body temperature of the patients was compared with their CSF PGE-2 levels, a significant positive correlation was determined between both variables. It is therefore not clear if the increased concentrations of PGE-2 in CSF of patients with febrile convulsions are, at least in part, to be related to increased PG synthesis and release during and after the seizure or are solely to be related to the febrile state of the children. PMID- 3163552 TI - Peripheral analgesic action of clonidine: mediation by release of endogenous enkephalin-like substances. AB - Clonidine analgesia was tested on the hyperalgesia induced by intraplantar injection of prostaglandin E2 or carrageenin. The antinociceptive effect of clonidine was dose-dependent and was abolished by local administration of the selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor blocker, yohimbine or of the opioid antagonists naloxone or quaternary nalorphine. St-91, a clonidine analog which does not cross the blood-brain barrier also promoted significant antinociception. Repeated administration of drugs possessing a central mechanism of analgesic action leads to the development of tolerance in this test. Significant analgesic tolerance was observed following repeated (5 days) morphine (8 mg/kg) or high doses of clonidine (0.5 mg/kg). In contrast, no tolerance was detected to the analgesic effect of low doses of clonidine (0.15 mg/kg) or of St-91 (0.5 mg/kg). These results suggest that, in addition to its central analgesic action, clonidine can induce peripheral antinociception by an alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated local release of enkephalin-like substances. PMID- 3163553 TI - Stimulation of Friend erythroleukemic cell cytodifferentiation by 5-amino levulinic acid; porphyrins, cell size, segregation of sialoglycoproteins, and nuclear translocation. AB - The late events of erythroid differentiation in Friend erythroleukemic cells (FELC), stimulated by 5-amino levulinic acid (5-ALA), were studied. Cultivation of the cells in 5-ALA-enriched media triggered a chain reaction, beginning with an immediate and rapid accumulation of endogenous porphyrins, in particular protoporphyrin and hemin. Incorporation of 14C-ALA was rapid and independent of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) induction. In parallel, on the second day of growth, a marked decrease in cell volume was elucidated by flow cytometry. The total protein content was reduced, while Fe uptake and hemoglobin synthesis were increased. The combination of DMSO and 5-ALA produced the most effective induction of the FELC, and the differentiation criteria were the most advanced. The cells exposed to the combined stimulation became loaded with heme and hemoglobin and their generation time was prolonged up to 35 h. Transmission electron microscopy of these treated cells showed a morphological alteration to pearlike cells, associated with a typical nuclear translocation phenomenon and a regional segregation of sialoglycoproteins. An uneven distribution of organelles was revealed; one part of the cell contained numerous ribosomes and the nucleus, while the other part was hemoglobinized, contained mitochondria, and the outer membrane was heavily labeled with ferritin hydrazide, a marker for sialoglycoproteins. The enhanced stimulation of Friend cells by 5-ALA promoted an advanced step of erythroid maturation that has much in common with the late events of normal nuclear extrusion process. PMID- 3163554 TI - Mission bus brings dental care to needy. PMID- 3163556 TI - Alveolar bone resorption: systemic or local phenomena. PMID- 3163557 TI - Stress as a synonym for marriage. PMID- 3163555 TI - Student research. New knowledge in dentistry. PMID- 3163558 TI - Communications breakdowns mean lost profits. PMID- 3163559 TI - Southern comfort in a beautiful setting. PMID- 3163560 TI - SELECT--your chance to recruit. PMID- 3163562 TI - Are you having an identity crisis? PMID- 3163561 TI - Gingival mass with associated lip anesthesia. PMID- 3163563 TI - Careful planning assures carefree retirement. PMID- 3163564 TI - Ten ways to market cosmetic dentistry. PMID- 3163565 TI - Staffing your office: how to do it right.. Interview by Mark Saxen. PMID- 3163566 TI - Starting out: how to find the right associateship. PMID- 3163567 TI - Are you investing, speculating, or gambling? PMID- 3163568 TI - Drugs in dentistry. Oral candidiasis and steroid inhalers. PMID- 3163569 TI - How to buy annuities to supplement your pension plan. PMID- 3163570 TI - How to create a practice-building brochure. PMID- 3163572 TI - Eliminate the traffic jam at your front desk. PMID- 3163571 TI - National and regional dental fee survey. PMID- 3163573 TI - Ways to simplify infection control. Interview by Douglas P. Shapter. PMID- 3163574 TI - Treatment planning form enhances communication. PMID- 3163575 TI - The behavioral approach to a better practice. Interview by Mark Saxen. PMID- 3163576 TI - Drugs in dentistry. Products for calculus reduction. PMID- 3163577 TI - Is it safe? PMID- 3163578 TI - What's so bad about looking good? PMID- 3163579 TI - How to maximize your patients' dental insurance. PMID- 3163580 TI - Endodontic treatment: avoid these malpractice traps. PMID- 3163581 TI - Beyond burnout: viable options for general dentists. PMID- 3163582 TI - Have your goals become responsibilities? PMID- 3163583 TI - Drugs in dentistry. Plaque control agents. PMID- 3163584 TI - How to best manage your debt. PMID- 3163585 TI - Have you considered direct mail? PMID- 3163586 TI - Effective infection control management--cutting your costs. PMID- 3163587 TI - Seven steps to better perio care in general practice. PMID- 3163589 TI - Prescription drugs--what every dentist should know. PMID- 3163588 TI - Where dentists go wrong with external marketing. PMID- 3163590 TI - How the tax laws will affect your 1988 return. PMID- 3163591 TI - Dentists and the law. AIDS-infected dentists. PMID- 3163592 TI - Are you invisible? PMID- 3163593 TI - Tort reform: dentists pull the pin on the liability crisis. PMID- 3163594 TI - Help your patients stop smoking: a great practice builder. PMID- 3163596 TI - Tax reform and your retirement plan: new rules you need to know. PMID- 3163595 TI - Excellence in dentistry: posterior cast gold onlays. PMID- 3163597 TI - Drugs in dentistry. Commonly prescribed drugs. PMID- 3163598 TI - Dental care in Barrow, Alaska. "The top of the world". PMID- 3163600 TI - Dental hygiene theory development. Toward a knowledge-based profession. PMID- 3163599 TI - Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Dental Hygiene Research. PMID- 3163601 TI - Organization and expansion of knowledge: toward a constructive assault on the imperious distinction of pure from applied knowledge, of knowledge from technique. PMID- 3163602 TI - Dental hygiene: a field of study. PMID- 3163603 TI - Dental hygiene: a developing discipline? PMID- 3163604 TI - New calls for knowledge development in the practice discipline of dental hygiene. PMID- 3163605 TI - Compliance and dental hygiene self-care. PMID- 3163606 TI - Taking concepts as guides to action: exploring kinds of know-how. PMID- 3163607 TI - Highly technical but yet not impure: varieties of basic knowledge. PMID- 3163608 TI - Funding for research in dental hygiene. PMID- 3163609 TI - Anatomy of a lawsuit. PMID- 3163610 TI - Potential baccalaureate students. Needs, interests, and perceptions. PMID- 3163611 TI - Dimensions of dental hygiene clinical instruction. PMID- 3163612 TI - Deductibility of convention expenses. PMID- 3163613 TI - Caries prevention: an overview of the Legislative Action Packet. PMID- 3163614 TI - Measuring professional growth. Analysis of dental hygiene manuscripts, 1927-1959. PMID- 3163615 TI - The role of the dental hygienist in recognition and management of juvenile periodontitis. PMID- 3163616 TI - Medical history review prior to local anesthesia administration. PMID- 3163617 TI - Job changes by dental hygienists. PMID- 3163618 TI - Determining the standard of care. PMID- 3163619 TI - A comparative overview of 51 Practice Acts. An overview of the Legislative Action Packet. PMID- 3163620 TI - Characteristics of patients in clinics of dental hygiene programs. PMID- 3163621 TI - Smoking cessation advice delivered by the dental hygienist. A pilot study. PMID- 3163622 TI - Computer conversion doesn't have to be painful. PMID- 3163624 TI - 1987 practice survey--part 4. Group practices show big gains. PMID- 3163623 TI - In support of brand X. PMID- 3163625 TI - Radiographs are effective marketing tools. PMID- 3163626 TI - The best location. PMID- 3163628 TI - Be ready for more tax law changes! PMID- 3163627 TI - Choosing the best location. Where to find the data you need. PMID- 3163629 TI - The great dental mystery. PMID- 3163630 TI - Making sense out of capitation. PMID- 3163631 TI - Rx for troubled collections. PMID- 3163632 TI - A seasoned practice. PMID- 3163633 TI - Prepare now for future college costs. PMID- 3163634 TI - Hygienists' daily pay up, but annual pay may not be! PMID- 3163635 TI - Auxiliaries are your most valuable asset. PMID- 3163637 TI - Identify your 10 best patients. PMID- 3163636 TI - Creating successful partnerships. PMID- 3163638 TI - How to avoid marketing blunders. PMID- 3163639 TI - An asepsis review for the entire office. PMID- 3163640 TI - When should I add a computer? PMID- 3163641 TI - Staff incentive pay--yes or no? PMID- 3163642 TI - A guide to staff performance appraisals. PMID- 3163643 TI - Proven practice-builders. PMID- 3163644 TI - Income gap narrows between advertisers and nonadvertisers. PMID- 3163645 TI - No room for quackery. PMID- 3163646 TI - Where do the first 100 patients come from? PMID- 3163647 TI - The case of the missing patients. PMID- 3163648 TI - After the plunge. PMID- 3163649 TI - How to collect the fees you earn. PMID- 3163650 TI - A new look at staff meetings. PMID- 3163651 TI - Improve your office 'climate'. PMID- 3163652 TI - A code of ethics for dentistry. PMID- 3163653 TI - Creative financing to fit patients' needs. PMID- 3163654 TI - Helping patients become wise dental consumers. PMID- 3163655 TI - Communication. Part 1: Letter writing. PMID- 3163656 TI - You can't get good help these days: Part 3-Profit-sharing. PMID- 3163657 TI - Communication. Part 2: Business letters. PMID- 3163658 TI - Protein engineering to optimize recombinant protein purification. AB - Genetic approaches have been used to facilitate purification of recombinant proteins, on both a large and a small scale. Based on developments in three different areas: (i) affinity chromatography; (ii) specific cleavage of fusion proteins and (iii) secretion of fusion proteins, a coupled expression/secretion system was designed. It was further improved by protein engineering. Using a synthetic DNA fragment, encoding two IgG-binding domains derived from staphylococcal protein A, gene products were secreted to the culture medium of Escherichia coli and purified with a one-step affinity procedure. The system has been used for large-scale production of biologically active human peptide hormones, to generate peptides for antibody production and to immobilize proteins on solid supports. PMID- 3163659 TI - Identification and partial characterization of a new pancreatic cancer-related serum glycoprotein by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and lectin blotting. AB - The combination of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and peanut agglutinin lectin blotting has been used to identify a pancreatic cancer related glycoprotein in serum. Its high molecular weight and its lectin-binding characteristics suggest that it probably is a mucin. Comparison with immunoblotting with Ca 19-9 antibody suggests that the epitopes for Ca 19-9 and peanut agglutinin may be variably expressed on different sites of the same mucin. The peanut agglutinin-binding glycoprotein was demonstrated in 12 of 34 pancreatic cancer sera, including four with normal Ca 19-9 assay, and none of 96 control sera, including sera from patients with obstructive jaundice and other cancers. These preliminary results suggest that it may become a useful addition to the current serum markers for pancreatic cancer. The technique of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and lectin blotting may well prove valuable in the search for other cancer-related glycoprotein markers. PMID- 3163662 TI - Shattered dreams. PMID- 3163660 TI - Modulation of rat gastric mucosal prostaglandin E2 release by dietary linoleic acid: effects on gastric acid secretion and stress-induced mucosal damage. AB - We studied chronic intake of diets deficient in or supplemented with linoleic acid to determine whether it affects gastric acid secretion, release of prostaglandin E2, and stress-induced lesions. For 8-10 wk rats were fed three dietary regimens supplying 3.5% (control group), 0.3%, and 10% of total calories as linoleic acid. We found that diets deficient in linoleic acid (0.3%) reduced release of prostaglandin E2 into the gastric lumen (-77%) and increased basal (+133%) and pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion (+93%) and the area of cold restraint-induced gastric mucosal lesions (+280%), when compared with the control group. Diets supplemented with linoleic acid (10%) increased prostaglandin E2 release into the gastric lumen (+106%) and reduced basal (-44%) and pentagastrin stimulated acid secretion (-78%) and the area of cold restraint-induced mucosal.lesions (-80%). Prevention of these lesions by the 10% linoleic acid diet was confirmed by quantitative histology. Pretreatment with indomethacin (8 mg/kg intraperitoneally) abolished the effects of the 10% linoleic acid diet on prostaglandin formation, acid secretion, and mucosal injury. We conclude that in rats chronic intake of dietary linoleic acid reduces acid secretion and prevents cold restraint-induced mucosal lesions, possibly because of augmented synthesis of endogenous prostaglandins in the gastric mucosa. PMID- 3163663 TI - Dentistry in Shanghai. PMID- 3163664 TI - Peace for our time. "The hygiene issue". PMID- 3163661 TI - Cellular factor affecting the stability of beta-globin mRNA. AB - Messenger RNAs in eukaryotic cells exhibit a broad range of stabilities in vivo. Globin mRNA has a half life in excess of 50 h, but the half life of the c-myc oncogene mRNA is less than 20 min. Regulation of gene expression may be accomplished by a variety of mechanisms, including altering mRNA stability. We have examined the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of cells for factors affecting the metabolism of mRNA. Here we report that a HeLa whole-cell extract contains a factor that protects beta-globin mRNA from attack by RNases in a mouse erythroleukemia cell cytoplasmic extract. The factor is non-dialysable, inactivated by proteinase K and heat treatment, and resistant to RNase and DNase digestion. The HeLa cell factor resembles placental RNase inhibitor in that the mRNA-protecting activity is effective against RNase A and that treatment of the extract with N-ethylmaleimide completely destroys the protective activity. However, purified placental RNase inhibitor was unable to inhibit the RNase activity in the MELC cytoplasmic extract. These results suggest that the HeLa cell extract contains an RNase inhibitor (or inhibitors) with an activity or specificity that is distinct from that of placental RNase inhibitor. PMID- 3163665 TI - Diagnosing and treating a periodontal abscess. PMID- 3163666 TI - CA 15-3 as a tumor marker in gynecological malignancies. AB - Serum levels of CA 15-3 were measured in 778 samples from 270 patients with benign and malignant gynecological conditions. Malignant tumors were present in 180 patients including 58 cases with cancer of the ovary, 47 of the endometrium, 61 of the cervix, and 14 of the vulva. The 90 cases with benign conditions included 24 patients with ovarian tumors, 28 with fibromyomatosis, 18 with endometriosis, and 20 with endometrial hyperplasia. Of 180 cancer patients, CA 15 3 serum levels were elevated (greater than 30 U/ml) in 74 cases (41%) and the frequency of abnormal marker values increased with clinical stage. Of 90 patients with benign conditions, high CA 15-3 levels were found in 5 cases (6%) with benign ovarian tumors. Elevated levels of the marker were most commonly seen in ovarian cancer patients (71%). In endometrial, cervical, and vulvar cancer abnormal CA 15-3 values occurred in 32, 26, and 14%, respectively. In endometrial cancer the percentage of positive marker levels increased with more infiltrating and/or less differentiated tumors. A positive correlation was found between residual tumor after surgery and CA 15-3 levels. Serial measurements in sera of patients who underwent chemotherapy showed a good correlation with response to treatment. CA 15-3 values were correlated with clinical course of disease in 87% of cases. PMID- 3163667 TI - High-dose daunorubicin (DNR) for induction and treatment of relapse in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL): report of 17 cases. PMID- 3163668 TI - [Effects of 3,4-diaminopyridine on the contractions of guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle induced by histamine and prostaglandin D2]. AB - Effects of 3,4-diaminopyridine (DAP), which decreases the membrane K conductance, on the contractions of guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle induced by histamine and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) were investigated. Pretreatments with 5 X 10(-4) and 10( 3) M DAP increased the excitability of histamine-induced contraction. The increment of the excitability by DAP was not suppressed by tetrodotoxin (TTX), but by nifedipine (Nif). Pretreatment with 10(-3) M DAP did not affect the contraction induced by PGD2. The results suggest that DAP increases the excitability of histamine-induced contraction by activating the voltage-dependent Ca channels and that PGD2 contracts tracheal smooth muscle through a mechanism different from that of histamine. PMID- 3163669 TI - [Effect of growth and environment on the phenogenesis of dysgnathias]. PMID- 3163670 TI - [Craniofacial development following radiotherapy in childhood]. PMID- 3163671 TI - [Cephalometric "normal values" for the position of the incisors--a possible cause of failure in orthodontic treatments?]. PMID- 3163672 TI - [What is the role of the cuspid in tertiary tooth crowding?]. PMID- 3163673 TI - [Class II Division 2 malocclusion in adults without premolar extraction]. PMID- 3163674 TI - [Orthodontic appliance--a step toward sensitization to metals? An interdisciplinary study]. PMID- 3163676 TI - Possible role of a proteinase in endosporulation of Coccidioides immitis. AB - We previously reported isolation of a serine proteinase from the soluble conidial wall fraction of Coccidioides immitis. The purified proteinase was identified as a polypeptide band of 36,000 Mr by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In this study, we raised monospecific antiserum in rabbits against the purified proteinase for use in immunoelectron microscopy. We showed that immunolabel was localized in the cell wall of both the saprobic and parasitic phases but was most concentrated in the wall of the segmentation apparatus of spherules just prior to endospore differentiation. The total wall fractions of the mycelial phase, as well as those of presegmented and endosporulating spherules, were isolated from in vitro grown cells and then treated with a proteinase inhibitor (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride [PMSF]) which irreversibly binds to the residual proteolytic enzyme in the wall isolates. Each fraction was dialyzed, lyophilized, and separately incubated with the active, purified 36,000-Mr proteinase. The reaction mixtures were examined spectrophotometrically (A280) for decomposition of the substrates. Only the PMSF treated wall isolated from endosporulating spherules was significantly digested. Active, 36,000-Mr proteinase was isolated from intact and viable, endosporulating spherules by brief extraction of the cells with 1% octyl-beta-D-thioglucoside, a nonionic detergent. The serine proteinase may be partly responsible for autolysis of the segmentation apparatus of mature spherules, a morphogenetic process which is pivotal for release of endospores and subsequent proliferation of the pathogen. PMID- 3163675 TI - Histocompatibility antigens: markers of susceptibility to and protection from alcoholic liver disease in a Portuguese population. AB - The distribution of six HLA antigens in a population of 88 Portuguese chronic alcohol abusers with biopsy-proven liver disease was compared to that in 66 Portuguese normal controls. Among the group of 88 alcohol abusers, the presence of HLA antigens A1, A9, A28 and Bw35 marked a significant 2.5- to 3-fold increased estimated risk for the development of alcohol-induced cirrhosis, while the presence of HLA B5 was found to be associated with a significantly decreased risk of alcohol-induced cirrhosis. Further, compared to controls, the estimated risk of any stage of alcohol-induced liver disease was significantly increased in alcoholic individuals with HLA A28 and Bw35, and the protective effect of HLA B5 was again observed. The findings of this study suggest that at least in a relatively homogeneous population group such as the Portuguese, the presence of HLA B5 may confer protection against alcohol-induced liver disease, including cirrhosis. The presence of HLA Bw35 and A28 appear to mark susceptibility to all histologic manifestations of alcohol-induced liver disease, while in addition to Bw35 and A28, A1 and A9 may mark increased risk for cirrhosis in particular. PMID- 3163677 TI - Platelet function and coagulation in patients with hepatobiliary disorders receiving cefotetan prophylaxis. AB - Eighteen patients with hepatobiliary disorders undergoing invasive biliary tract investigations were given the cephalosporin cefotetan and platelet function and coagulation factors were monitored. No significant changes were observed in the group as a whole, although marked alterations were seen in three patients in association with clinical complications unrelated to the antibiotic. Although cefotetan is structurally similar to cephalosporins which have been associated with bleeding disturbances, it does not appear to induce such abnormalities in a high risk group of patients with normal renal function when given for five days intravenously at a dose of 1 g twice daily. PMID- 3163678 TI - Detection of anti-HIV-1 immunoglobulin M antibodies in patients with serologically proved HIV-1 infection. AB - Serum samples from 247 patients with positive HIV-1 IgG serology were investigated for specific IgM antibodies. We found that 109 also reacted positively with a least one antigen in an HIV-1 IgM Western Blot and only 31 in an HIV-1 IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was shown that in some of the persons, specific IgM antibodies against the gp160/120, p66, p55, gp41, p24, and p17 antigens of the virus are synthesized at some time after infection. IgM antibodies to the endonuclease-related p31 antigen were observed in one serum only. IgM antibodies against the gp160/120, p66, gp41, and p17 antigens seemed to disappear early after infection. Those against the p55 and the p24 antigens were found in 62% and 75% of investigated cases, respectively. A direct correlation between the Western Blot patterns and the IgM ELISA results was not found. PMID- 3163680 TI - Spatial relationship of chromosomes 9 and 22 at metaphase in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). AB - One hundred patients with Ph1-chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with t(9;22) are included in the present investigation. The position of the Ph1 chromosome in relation to the normal as well as the abnormal chromosomes 9 was localized at metaphase in 1,000 bone-marrow cells. Our study suggests that the rearranged chromosomes, i.e., Ph1 and t(9;22), are closer together than their normal homologues. This impression is based on extensive statistical analysis. The intimate relationship may be due to the fact that they carry reciprocal genetic material responsible for a power of attraction between them. Alternatively, it is tempting to hypothesize that there may be a DNA sequence homology in the bands of chromosomes 9q and 22q involved in the reciprocal translocation perpetuating this relationship in subsequently generating cells during mitotic cell divisions. Furthermore, c-abl and bcr genes might play some role in maintaining the spatial relationship. PMID- 3163679 TI - Central venous catheter infections in pediatric patients--in a community hospital. AB - We reviewed the records of 23 pediatric patients who had received at least one central venous catheter during a two-year period. Nine patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), nine had other hematologic/oncologic diagnoses, and five had cystic fibrosis. Twenty-nine of 65 febrile episodes in 16 patients were associated with a catheter-related infection. Twenty of 40 catheters were associated with an infection over a period of 7,229 catheter days. For every 1,000 catheter days, four episodes of infections were observed. The number of infections/1,000 catheter days, the average life of a catheter (approximately equal to 180 days), and mean number of days elapsing before the first infection were not significantly different in the three diagnostic groups. Broviac catheters were used most often (24/40), followed by Quinton (9/40) and Port-a Cath (7/40). Broviac catheters lasted twice as long (224 days, p less than 0.01) as Quinton and Port-a-Cath. Gram-positive cocci were isolated most frequently and Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common pathogen. No consistent relationship between an absolute neutrophil count of less than 1,000/mm3 and infection with gram-positive cocci was seen. However, seven of eight episodes of gram-negative bacillary infections occurred in patients with an absolute neutrophil count of less than 1,000/m3 (p less than 0.005). Those patients who were not considered terminally ill responded well to antimicrobials. Catheter removal was necessary in only two instances. PMID- 3163681 TI - Selective enhancement of metastatic capacity in mouse bladder carcinoma cells after transfection with DNA from liver metastases of human colon carcinoma. AB - To identify sequences associated with a metastatic phenotype, DNA fragments isolated from 2 separate human colon carcinoma metastases were transfected into a mouse bladder carcinoma cell line together with the neoR gene as selectable marker. It was found that bulk populations of neomycin resistant cells carrying these human sequences caused more metastases in syngeneic mice than did control cells transfected with calf thymus DNA. Cells isolated from metastases retained the highly metastatic phenotype when transferred to secondary hosts. PMID- 3163682 TI - Food related problems in children. PMID- 3163683 TI - The Association for Glycogen Storage Disease. PMID- 3163684 TI - Use of cisplatin for treatment of appendicular osteosarcoma in dogs. AB - Nineteen dogs were treated for osteosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton. Eleven dogs treated by amputation and adjunctive cisplatin chemotherapy had a significantly longer (P less than 0.003) median survival time of 43 weeks (range, 20 to 108 weeks) than did 8 dogs whose median survival time was 14.5 weeks (range, 8 to 46 weeks) after amputation alone. All 11 dogs given cisplatin were evaluated for signs of drug toxicosis. Transient episodes of vomiting were recorded in 9 of 11 dogs. Additional toxic effects included gradual decreases in endogenous creatinine clearance in 3 dogs and thrombocytopenia in 1 dog. On the basis of prolonged survival times and minimal adverse effects, we concluded that cisplatin has promise as an effective and relatively nontoxic agent, when combined with amputation, for treatment of dogs with osteosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton. PMID- 3163685 TI - Antitumor activity of new morpholino anthracyclines. AB - Antitumor activity of 3'-deamino-3'-morpholino anthracyclines was examined. Morpholino derivatives of 13-deoxocarminomycins, MX2 (1), MX (2) and MY5 (3) shown in Fig. 1, administered iv showed increase in life span (ILS) values over 110% against ip-inoculated P388 leukemia. The ranges of effective doses of these compounds were broader than those of their parent drugs. The morpholino derivatives of doxorubicin and carminomycin, however, were not so effective as their parent drugs. Among these compounds, MX2 administered orally showed nearly the same effects as those obtained by iv administration against P388 leukemia. MX2 administered iv showed 89% ILS against intracerebrally-inoculated L1210 leukemia. The highly lipophilic nature of MX2 could contribute partly to achieving chemotherapeutic responses against intracerebrally-inoculated tumors or by oral administration. PMID- 3163686 TI - Enhancement of pulmonary inflammation by PGE2: evidence for a vasodilator effect. AB - We explored the potential proinflammatory effect of prostaglandins of the E series (PGE's) in a rabbit model of acute pulmonary inflammation. The instillation of fragments of the fifth component of complement (C5f) into the lung resulted in a localized area of inflammation, the extent of which was quantified by the total number of neutrophils and protein recoverable by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Utilizing 111In-labeled neutrophils and serial scintigraphy, neutrophil localization in the area of inflammation was detected as early as 20 min after C5f instillation and reached a maximum between 2 and 4 h. The simultaneous intrabronchial administration of 100 micrograms of PGE2 resulted in a twofold increase in the accumulation of neutrophils in the area of inflammation as determined scintigraphically, a fivefold increase in BAL neutrophils, and a threefold increase in BAL protein. A proinflammatory effect on lavage constituents was also seen with the intravenous administration of PGE2 (100 ng.kg-1.min-1) and PGE1 (50 ng.kg-1.min-1) as well as in animals pretreated with a PGH synthase inhibitor, meclofenamate, and a thromboxane synthase inhibitor, dazmegrel. The effect of intrabronchial PGE2 to potentiate the inflammatory response was attenuated by the intravenous administration of a vasoconstrictor (angiotensin II) and mimicked by a vasodilator (nitroprusside), suggesting an effect of vasodilation per se. Using radiolabeled microspheres, it was determined that in response to the C5f alone, there was a 50% decrease in local blood flow to the area of inflammation, a pattern different from that seen in the systemic circulation. This decrease was prevented by the concomitant administration of PGE2 or nitroprusside. We conclude that vasodilation induced by PGE2 is associated with enhancement of pulmonary inflammation. PMID- 3163687 TI - Effects of meclofenamate on breathing movements in fetal sheep before delivery. AB - There is evidence that prostaglandins (PG), specifically PGE2, participate in the regulation of fetal breathing movements (FBM). During late gestation, when FBM occur intermittently and primarily during low-voltage electrocortical activity, the concentration of PGE2 in fetal plasma ([PGE2]) is high. During the days before delivery [PGE2] increases and FBM decrease. To determine whether the increase in [PGE2] is responsible for the concurrent decrease in FBM, we infused the prostaglandin synthase inhibitor, meclofenamate (0.7 mg.kg-1.h-1), into eight fetal sheep continuously for 5-13 days before delivery; five control fetuses received a continuous infusion of the solvent for 5-11 days before delivery. Compared with control infusion, meclofenamate caused a significant decrease in [PGE 2] until the day of delivery and a significant increase in FBM [overall and during high-voltage electrocortical activity (HVA)] until 2 days before delivery. Although there were significant correlations between [PGE2] and FBM (overall and during HVA), both groups showed similar decreases in FBM during the 2 days before delivery. We conclude that the decrease in FBM before delivery is not dependent on the concurrent increase in [PGE2]. PMID- 3163688 TI - Phosphorylation of the heavy chain of skeletal muscle myosin by casein kinase II: localization of the phosphorylation site to the amino terminus. AB - While the heavy chain of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin is not phosphorylatable by casein kinase II, it turned out to be phosphorylatable after removal of all of the light chains. The phosphorylation site for the kinase was determined to be Ser-1 and/or Ser-2 at the amino terminus. PMID- 3163689 TI - The amino acid sequence of ribonuclease U1, a guanine-specific ribonuclease from the fungus Ustilago sphaerogena. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of ribonuclease U1 (RNase U1), a guanine specific ribonuclease from a fungus, Ustilago sphaerogena, was determined by conventional protein sequencing, using peptide fragments obtained by several enzymatic cleavages of the performic acid-oxidized protein. The oxidized protein was first cleaved by trypsin and the resulting peptides were purified and their amino acid sequences were determined. These tryptic peptides were aligned with the aid of overlapping peptides isolated from a chymotryptic digest of the oxidized protein. The amino acid sequence thus deduced was further confirmed by isolation and analysis of peptides obtained by digestion of the oxidized protein with lysyl endopeptidase. The location of the disulfide bonds was deduced by isolation and analysis of cystine-containing peptides from a chymotryptic digest of heat-denatured RNase U1. These results showed that the protein is composed of a single polypeptide chain of 105 amino acid residues cross-linked by two disulfide bonds, having a molecular weight of 11,235, and that the NH2-terminus is blocked by a pyroglutamate residue. It has an overall homology with other guanine-specific or related ribonucleases, and shows 48% identity with RNase T1 and 38% identity with RNase U2. PMID- 3163690 TI - Interaction between lipopolysaccharide and intracellular serine protease zymogen, factor C, from horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) hemocytes. AB - The interaction between lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and an LPS-sensitive serine protease zymogen, factor C, purified from horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) hemocytes, was investigated to elucidate the LPS-mediated activation of factor C. The rate of activation of the zymogen factor C was highly dependent on the concentration of LPS and on temperature, and the curve of amount of LPS versus activation showed saturation at 37 degrees C. Moreover, a high-molecular-mass complex formed between factor C and LPS was found in a gel-filtration experiment on a Sepharose 4B column. This complex formation was also confirmed by double diffusion analysis on agarose plates. Triton X-100, which destroys LPS micelles, strongly inhibited the LPS-mediated activation of factor C but not activated factor C. These results indicate that the binding of factor C with LPS is required for its activation and that only LPS-associated factor C generates the active factor C. On the other hand, the LPS-mediated activation of factor C was strongly inhibited by the S-alkylated heavy chain derived from factor C. In contrast, the S-alkylated factor C-light chain did not show any inhibitory effect on the activation of factor C, suggesting that the heavy chain located in the NH2 terminal portion of factor C contains an LPS-binding region. PMID- 3163691 TI - Organization of the gene for batroxobin, a thrombin-like snake venom enzyme. Homology with the trypsin/kallikrein gene family. AB - We have isolated and analyzed the gene for batroxobin, a thrombin-like snake venom enzyme. Three overlapping DNA segments containing the entire batroxobin gene were identified. Sequence analysis revealed that the batroxobin gene spans 8 kilobase pairs and contains five exons. Mature batroxobin is encoded by four separate exons, 2 to 5. The catalytic residues of batroxobin, His-41, Asp-86, and Ser-178, are encoded by separate exons, exons 2, 3, and 5, respectively. The exon/intron organization of the batroxobin gene is different from that of the prothrombin gene but very similar to those of the trypsin and kallikrein genes. These results indicate that batroxobin is not a member of the prothrombin family but one of the trypsin/kallikrein family. The snake venom gland is assumed to originate from the submaxillary gland. Therefore, batroxobin is expected to be a member of the glandular kallikrein family. PMID- 3163692 TI - Latent transforming growth factor-beta from human platelets. A high molecular weight complex containing precursor sequences. AB - Human platelets, when induced to degranulate by thrombin, secrete transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in a biologically latent form. In this form, TGF beta cannot bind to its cellular receptor, nor can it be immunoprecipitated by polyclonal antisera to TGF-beta, suggesting that the receptor-binding site and other TGF-beta epitopes may be masked. Western blot analysis of the platelet secretate indicates that the latent form of TGF-beta is a 220-235 kDa complex, in which mature TGF-beta (25 kDa) is noncovalently associated with sequences from the remainder of the precursor (74 kDa), and a third unidentified entity (approximately 135 kDa). The third component is immunologically unrelated to other growth factor binding proteins. The complex is glycosylated, and gel filtration analysis suggests it may exist in solution as higher molecular weight aggregates. Further chromatographic analysis indicates that in its latent form, the platelet TGF-beta cannot bind to alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M), but that if the platelet latent TGF-beta is activated by transient acidification, the released active TGF-beta will bind to alpha 2M. We have previously identified the latent form of TGF-beta found in serum as an alpha 2M.TGF-beta complex (O'Connor McCourt, M. D., and Wakefield, L. M. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 14090-14099). We now propose that the latent TGF-beta secreted by platelets may be a cellular delivery complex, whereas the latent form found in serum may represent a clearance complex. Thus alpha 2M may scavenge excess TGF-beta that is released when the platelet latent form is activated, possibly by the clotting process. Finally, we have shown that the latent form of TGF-beta secreted by a variety of cell types in culture is similar, if not identical to that secreted by platelets. PMID- 3163693 TI - Phosphorylation of lamin B at the nuclear membrane by activated protein kinase C. AB - Both bryostatin 1 and 4 beta-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PBt2) activate Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) at the plasma membrane in HL-60 cells (Kraft, A. S., Baker, V. V., and May, W. S. (1987) Oncogene 1, 91 100). However, whereas PBt2 causes HL-60 cells to cease dividing and differentiate, bryostatin 1 antagonizes this effect and allows cells to continue proliferating. To test whether these divergent effects could be due to the differential activation of protein kinase C at the nuclear level, the phosphorylation of nuclear envelope polypeptides was evaluated in cells treated with either bryostatin 1 or PBt2. Bryostatin 1, either alone or in combination with PBt2, but not PBt2 alone, mediates rapid and specific phosphorylation of several nuclear envelope polypeptides. A major target for bryostatin-induced phosphorylation is the major nuclear envelope polypeptide lamin B (Mr = 67,000, pI 6.0). In vitro studies combining purified protein kinase C and HL-60 cell nuclear envelopes demonstrate that bryostatin activates protein kinase C to phosphorylate lamin B, whereas PBt2 does so only weakly, suggesting selective activation of this enzyme toward this substrate. Comparative phosphopeptide and phosphoamino acid analyses demonstrate that bryostatin induces phosphorylation of identical serine sites on lamin B both in whole cells and in vitro. Treatment of whole cells with bryostatin, but not PBt2, leads to specific translocation of activated protein kinase C to the nuclear envelope. Since phosphorylation of lamin B is known to be involved in nuclear lamina depolymerization at the time of mitosis, it is possible that bryostatin-activated protein kinase C activity is involved in this process. Finally, specific activation of protein kinase C at the nuclear membrane could explain, at least in part, the divergent effects of bryostatin 1 and PBt2 on HL-60 cell growth. PMID- 3163694 TI - Limb conservation in primary bone tumours by resection, extracorporeal irradiation and re-implantation. AB - En-bloc resection, extracorporeal irradiation and re-implantation of the irradiated bone have been used to treat 15 patients suffering from primary malignant tumours of bone or cartilage and two with benign lesions. This treatment is an alternative to replacement by prosthesis or allograft bridging techniques. After a mean follow-up of over five years results are encouraging, despite some complications and the relatively long period before weight-bearing is allowed. PMID- 3163695 TI - Actions of transforming growth factor-beta on muscle cells. AB - It has recently been reported by three laboratories that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a potent and reversible inhibitor of differentiation in myogenic cells. To improve our understanding of this inhibition, we investigated the effects of TGF-beta on several other processes in L6 myoblasts, with emphasis on actions of the insulin-like hormones (which stimulate myoblast differentiation). We found that TGF-beta had no effect on the binding of insulin like growth factors (IGFs) to their receptors on the cell surface, and it had little or no effect on some actions of the IGFs. There was essentially no change in the suppression of proteolysis or the stimulation of cell proliferation by IGFs when TGF-beta was also added to the medium. However, there was an effect of TGF-beta on another process stimulated by the IGFs; TGF-beta was an equally active and more potent stimulator of amino acid uptake than was IGF-I, and the stimulation was additive beyond the maximal response attained with IGF-I, suggesting that the two act by different mechanisms. TGF-beta had significant effects on myoblast morphology, causing the formation of abundant stress fibers containing cytoplasmic (but not myofibrillar) actin. Addition of TGF-beta at various times after initiation of differentiation demonstrated that TGF-beta inhibits an early process in differentiation. Thus it appears that the interactions of TGF-beta and the IGFs in myoblasts are complex; in some instances the effects of IGFs are inhibited and in others they are mimicked or are unaffected. It is clear that TGF-beta does not act by simply interfering with IGF binding or blocking early steps in its action on myoblasts. PMID- 3163696 TI - Modulation of nuclear proto-oncogene expression and cellular growth in myeloid leukemic cells by human interferon alpha. AB - To address the mechanisms that regulate expression of specific growth-related nuclear proto-oncogenes, the transcript levels of the c-fos, c-myc, (2'5') oligoadenylate synthetase, IFN-alpha 1, and IFN-beta 1 genes have been measured in the human leukemic cell lines KG-1, U937, and HL-60 following growth stimulation by serum, induction of differentiation by tumor-promoting agents, and/or treatment of cells with exogenously supplied alpha interferon (rIFN-alpha 2). Production of fos and myc RNA was measured by S1 mapping, using fos DNA probes which identified either primary unspliced transcripts or steady-state spliced mRNA levels, and using a myc probe which spanned the two major c-myc start sites, P1 and P2. Pretreatment of a quiescent KG-1 cell population with IFN for 18 hours before serum addition decreased the stimulation of both fos and myc RNA production. In HL-60 and U937 cells, IFN pretreatment had no inhibitory effect on serum-induced fos or myc transcription; however, in U937, rIFN-alpha 2 treatment alone stimulated fos mRNA 11-fold. Expression of 2'5'oligoadenylate synthetase was induced in IFN-treated cultures but not in cells stimulated with serum alone. No serum-induced IFN-alpha 1 or IFN-beta 1 gene expression was observed in KG-1 or U937 cells. These results demonstrate that exogenous rIFN alpha 2 treatment of quiescent KG-1 cells can antagonize the effect of growth factors by altering expression of nuclear proto-oncogenes, but in general growth inhibition is not obligatorily coupled to inhibition of proto-oncogene transcription. PMID- 3163697 TI - The expression of autoimmune polyglandular disease type I appears associated with several HLA-A antigens but not with HLA-DR. AB - We studied HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DR antigens in 45 patients (from among 34 families), aged 10.2-60 yr, with polyglandular autoimmune disease type I (APG I) and in other family members. HLA-A28 was more frequent in the patients (25%) than in unaffected siblings (16%; P less than 0.05) or in normal Finnish subjects (8.8%; P less than 0.005, corrected P less than 0.2). Compared with the normal subjects, HLA-A28 was more frequent in the patients with hypoparathyroidism (31%; P less than 0.001, corrected P less than 0.04), adrenocortical failure (27%; P less than 0.01), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM; 66%; P less than 0.01), keratopathy (53%; P less than 0.001, corrected P less than 0.04), and alopecia (40%; P less than 0.001, corrected P less than 0.04), but not in the patients with ovarian failure (9%; P = NS). HLA-A28 was more frequent in the patients with hypoparathyroidism (31%) than in APG I patients without it (13%; P less than 0.005, corrected P less than 0.2). It was also more frequent in the patients with IDDM (66%) than in those without it (21%; P less than 0.05). HLA-A3 was more frequent in the patients with ovarian failure (82%) than in APG I patients with normal ovarian function (22%; P less than 0.025) and in normal subjects (45.5%; P less than 0.05). HLA-A9 was less frequent in the patients with ovarian failure (0%) than in those with normal ovarian function (55%; P less than 0.005, corrected P less than 0.2), and it was less frequent (P less than 0.025) in the patients with adrenocortical failure than in those with normal adrenal function. No association was found with any single DR antigen, but of 4 DR-typed IDDM patients, 3 were DR3 or DR4 positive (P = NS). The occurrence of adrenocortical failure, but not hypoparathyroidism, was familial and associated with HLA haploidentity among sets of affected siblings. PMID- 3163698 TI - Steroid sulfohydrolase activity in human chorion. I. Interactions of other steroids with estrone sulfate as substrate. AB - Human chorion contains steroid sulfohydrolase activity and synthesizes free estrogens from estrone sulfate (E1S). We hypothesized that the free estrogen thus formed may influence the contractility of the adjacent myometrium in late pregnancy. In this study we measured the abilities of various steroids and steroid conjugates to influence the hydrolysis of E1S by the 105,000 x g pellet of chorion tissue obtained from women after spontaneous onset of labor and vaginal delivery and from women delivered by cesarean section before labor onset. No differences were found in tissues obtained before or after the onset of labor. None of the steroids increased the rate of hydrolysis. Several unconjugated steroids caused significant inhibition, but only at concentrations well beyond physiological ranges in maternal or fetal blood. However, conjugated steroids had marked inhibitory effects at circulating concentrations. At equimolar concentrations with the E1S substrate, the sulfoconjugates of dehydroepiandrosterone, pregnenolone, and cholesterol caused 27 +/- 1% (+/- SE), 64 +/- 1%, and 40 +/- 1% inhibition, respectively. These results were confirmed using a tissue explant system. Using enzyme inhibition kinetic analysis, we determined that the inhibition by dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was non competitive, with Ki = 8.7 +/- 1.7 mumol/L. The inhibition by pregnenolone sulfate was competitive, with Ki = 1.6 +/- 0.4 mumol/L, and that by cholesterol sulfate was primarily noncompetitive, with Ki = 7.4 +/- 1.2 mumol/L. We conclude that there is significant interaction among sulfurylated steroids that may influence local free estrogen synthesis within human chorion. This interaction may affect the contractility of the late pregnancy myometrium. PMID- 3163700 TI - Fluctuations of symptoms during manic-depressive mood changes in Tourette's syndrome. PMID- 3163699 TI - An ELISA for PGE2 utilizing monoclonal antibody. AB - An ELISA for PGE2 has been developed which is sensitive to concentrations of 0.5 to 20.0 ng PGE2/ml. Mouse monoclonal anti-PGE2 ascites is utilized in a binding competition between the test sample and an adsorbed conjugate of PGE2-BSA. The antibody which remains bound to the solid phase is quantitated colorimetrically by incubation with alkaline phosphatase-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG followed by incubation with p-nitro-phenylphosphate. PGE1, PGA1, PGA2, PGB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2, thromboxane B2 and arachidonic acid showed minimal cross-reactivity with the anti-PGE2. The PGE2 ELISA permits the quantitative analysis of large numbers of samples at a fraction of the cost and time required to process a commercial RIA kit. When linked to the appropriate computer software, data collection and analysis can be performed in less than 10 minutes per 96-well plate. Furthermore, the use of an ELISA system eliminates the radioactive and toxic chemical waste generated by RIA methods. PMID- 3163701 TI - Institutional survival versus social responsibility: finances as a driving force- a dental education perspective. PMID- 3163702 TI - The validity and reliability of a clinical performance rating scale. AB - Rating scales are standard tools for evaluating clinical performance in medicine; however, in dentistry they appear to be used solely to evaluate technical skills. A pretest of three performance scales did not reveal the superiority of any one scale, though faculty clearly preferred a 20-item, six-point Likert scale that rated personal, interpersonal, and professional qualities. Directors and co directors of six group clinics subsequently rated performance of two classes of seniors and one class of juniors. Interrater reliabilities, ranging from .62 to .83 across rater pairs, were superior to reliabilities reported in medical education studies. Although technique grades, preclinical GPA, and performance ratings differentiated students who completed clinical requirements on time (n = 302) from those who did not (n = 83), performance ratings added information about competence that was not reflected in GPA and technique grades. The usefulness of a rating scale appears to be in its potential for giving students feedback and for evaluating program effectiveness. PMID- 3163703 TI - Missing teeth and their replacement in dental school and community practice patients. AB - This study compared tooth mortality and the pattern of prosthodontic replacement in dental patients at the University of Connecticut Dental School and patients from dental practices in the surrounding area. The dental school data were obtained from the dental records of a randomly selected 20 percent of the total patients registered during a one-year period. The dental practice data were collected through an epidemiologic monitoring system that has been established with the local dental society. The age and sex distribution of the two samples were similar. The mean number of missing teeth in dental school patients was higher (7.63 vs. 4.87), as was the proportion of edentulous persons (9.8 percent vs. 3.4 percent). The overall rate of tooth replacement in the community sample was higher than in the dental school. The proportion of fixed and removable prosthodontics was similar in the two samples (85 percent removable and 15 percent fixed). The results suggest that individuals available for the teaching of prosthodontic procedures in the dental school have many of the same intraoral conditions related to prosthodontic treatment as do patients in dental practices in the local community. PMID- 3163704 TI - A review of a dental record audit program within a predoctoral dental curriculum. PMID- 3163706 TI - A method for mounting natural teeth in a typodont. PMID- 3163705 TI - The status of dental ethics instruction. PMID- 3163707 TI - Traditional "one size fits all" dental education: no longer adequate. AB - Fundamental changes are needed in dental education that recognize the differing career paths of dental scientists and dental clinicians, and the fact that the functionally different careers of both groups are no longer adequately served by the traditional dental school curriculum. PMID- 3163708 TI - One size starts all...in the profession of dentistry. PMID- 3163710 TI - Characteristics of U.S. dental school faculty, 1987-88, by work status. PMID- 3163711 TI - Self-mutilation in Tourette's syndrome. PMID- 3163709 TI - Can the faculty development door swing both ways? Science and clinical teaching in the 1990s. PMID- 3163712 TI - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity specific for the envelope antigens of human immunodeficiency virus. PMID- 3163713 TI - HLA antigens and blood groups in bancroftian filariasis. PMID- 3163714 TI - [Histochemical analysis of uterine cervical adenocarcinoma with reference to mucosubstances and distribution of CEA, CA125 and CA19-9]. AB - Epithelial mucin and immunohistochemical localization of carbohydrate antigens (CA125, CA19-9) in normal endocervical glands and adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix were examined histochemically. The materials were obtained from 33 surgical cases with adenocarcinoma and 9 control cases. Serial sections were examined by the following procedures: 1) Digestive PAS reaction, 2) High iron diamine-Alcian blue pH 2.5 staining, 3) Modification PAS and Thionin Schiff reaction to differentiate sialic acid, 4) Immuno-peroxidase method. Histologically, these adenocarcinomas were classified into four subtypes, endocervical, intestinal, endometrioid and serous adenocarcinoma. Endocervical adenocarcinomas were differentiated into the endocervical-intestinal group and serous-endometrioid group by mucin profiles and distribution of carbohydrate antigens. In endocervical and intestinal types, sialomucin was predominant, this mucin being characterized by O-acetylated sialic acid. Immunohistochemically, CA19-9, CA125 and CEA were localized in this group. The latter group of tumors were serous and endometrioid adenocarcinomas, characterized by surface coat type sulphomucin and non-acetylated sialic acid, but CA19-9 and CA125 were not detected in these cases. Adenoma malignum was classified in endocervical type adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3163715 TI - [The mechanism of the increase in the serum CA125 concentration in patients with endometriosis]. AB - We discussed the mechanism of the increase in CA125 among patients with benign gynecologic diseases, especially with endometriosis. The tissue CA125 concentrations of surface endometrium in patients with adenomyosis were as follows; the highest tissue concentration was observed at the early proliferative phase followed by the late secretory one and was lowest in the late proliferative one. The tissue CA125 concentration showed the significantly different characteristics in surface and ectopic endometrium. The increase in CA125 in the intraperitoneal fluids was observed among cases of early pregnancy, acute appendicitis and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Tissue samples from both the peritoneum obtained from patients with acute appendicitis and the cyst wall obtained from OHSS cases showed a high concentration of tissue CA125. From these findings, it was suggested that one of the causes of serum CA125 increase in patients with adenomyosis appeared to be the increase in the ectopic endometrial tissues in the myometrium and direct shedding from ectopic endometrial cells into peripheral circulation. On the other hand, in patients with chocolate cysts, the increase in serum CA125 was suppressed because it was secreted into the inside of the chocolate cyst. The production of CA125 may take place not only from ectopic endometrial cells of adenomyosis but also from the peritoneal tissues of patients with acute appendicitis. PMID- 3163716 TI - Isolation and preliminary in vitro characterization of the porcine pulmonary intravascular macrophage. AB - Porcine intravascular macrophages were isolated by perfusion of the pulmonary vasculature with 0.1% collagenase solution. The isolated cells formed intercellular adhesion plaques with endothelial cells when incubated with porcine pulmonary artery, aorta, and corneal cups. Intercellular adhesion plaques were focal junctionlike membrane specializations consisting of paired submembranous amorphous densities subjacent to 15-20 nm gaps between parallel apposing cell membranes. The intermembranous space was filled with moderately electron dense, finely granular material. Adhesion plaques formed in 4-8 hours and resembled the adhesion plaques formed between pulmonary intravascular macrophages and endothelium in vivo. Alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes did not form intercellular adhesion plaques with endothelial cells. Intravascular macrophages had histologic and ultrastructural features of macrophages, were alpha naphthyl butyrate esterase positive, adhered to plastic coverslips after 1 hour of incubation, and were smaller than alveolar macrophages and endothelial cells. The formation of intercellular adhesion plaques in vivo and in vitro by cells with morphologic and histochemical features of macrophages distinguishes intravascular macrophages from monocytes and alveolar macrophages. PMID- 3163717 TI - Protective effects of tumor necrosis factor in experimental Legionella pneumophila infections of mice via activation of PMN function. AB - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was found in the lung lavage fluids of Legionella pneumophila-infected mice within 24 hr of intratracheal (i.t.) inoculation. Since this cytokine has been reported to activate polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function, the effect of TNF on the in vitro bactericidal capacity of PMN-enriched cultures was determined. Murine thioglycollate-elicited PMN which were treated with recombinant human TNF demonstrated augmented killing of L. pneumophila bacteria in vitro. Furthermore, treatment of PMN suspensions with cytokine containing lung lavage fluid was found to enhance the bactericidal activity of PMN. The addition of anti-cachectin/TNF antibodies partially abrogated the stimulatory effects of the lavage fluid, suggesting that in vivo activation of PMN during the course of infection was likely, and that TNF was partially responsible for the enhanced bactericidal activity. In vivo treatment of animals with TNF resulted in significant protection of the animals from mortality. Furthermore, the rate of clearance of bacteria from the lung tissues of infected mice was increased in those animals treated with TNF, and correlated with the ability of this cytokine to protect the animals. These data suggest that the induction of TNF by Legionella bacteria during infection are involved in the non specific host defense mechanisms, and that PMN activated by the TNF may be instrumental in clearing the organism from infected lung tissues, thereby protecting the animal. PMID- 3163718 TI - Heterogeneity of macrophages evidenced by variability in their glycoconjugates. AB - Staining rat tissues with a battery of 15 lectin-horseradish peroxidase conjugates showed that macrophages contain glycoconjugates possessing terminal alpha, beta-galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, fucose, and N-acetylneuraminic acid, plus two terminal disaccharides. Dissimilar binding of lectins by different phagocyte populations in the same or different organs evidenced variability in glycoconjugates according to the location of the macrophages. With a group of four lectins, macrophages stained most intensely in lung, next strongest in splenic red pulp and lymph node sinuses, and weakest in skin and liver. Two populations of macrophages were newly recognized in spleen on the basis of content of fucose-rich glycoconjugate. These included a necklace-like band of macrophages at the border between marginal zone and germinal center and distinctive macrophages dispersed throughout the marginal zone. In lymph nodes, phagocytes stained strongly in the germinal centers and weakly in sinuses for glycoconjugate with N-linked oligosaccharides and conversely for glycoconjugate with terminal beta-galactose. Variable lectin binding indicated heterogeneity of thymic macrophages. Lectin cytochemistry offers increased sensitivity for detecting macrophages in tissue sections, provides selective staining that shows the prevalence and distribution of the phagocytes and differentiates macrophages into separate subtypes. PMID- 3163719 TI - Bloodstain classification errors revisited. PMID- 3163720 TI - Intrathecal synthesis of specific IgG in syphilitic patients with human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection. AB - Intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific to Treponema pallidum, ssp. pallidum, or to the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) was investigated in patients with contemporary treponemal and HIV-1 infections. Using a T. pallidum and an HIV-1 IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, specific antibody units per milligram of total IgG were estimated in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 13 patients infected with both agents. Synthesis of anti-treponemal IgG in the central nervous system (CNS) was shown in three and of anti-HIV-1 IgG in nine patients with neurological disorders. It is concluded that a differentiation of local IgG immune response in the CNS to one or both infectious agents is possible. PMID- 3163721 TI - Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type II with axonal lesions. PMID- 3163723 TI - Transforming growth factor-beta-like activity in tumors of the central nervous system. AB - Transforming growth factor type beta (TGF-beta) is a ubiquitous peptide with wide ranging regulatory functions. This paper reports the initial isolation of TGF beta activity from human glial and mesenchymally derived tumors and a human glial tumor cell line. While its physiological function at the molecular level is not yet defined, it is believed that this peptide plays a central role in the control of growth and transformation, with the exact role it plays being a function of the entire set of growth factors present in a given cell. PMID- 3163722 TI - A cause-specific hazard rate analysis of prognostic factors among 199 adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the Memorial Hospital experience since 1969. AB - Results of a multivariable analysis of prognostic factors are reported for 199 previously untreated adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). These patients have long-term follow-up, and the probability of cure is estimated at approximately 35%. The cause-specific hazard rate analysis found lower rates of achieving complete remission (CR) in patients with WBC greater than 10,000/microL, AUL (undifferentiated) morphology, and older age. Since these patients required additional time to respond, fewer of them actually achieved CR. Characteristics directly associated with a higher rate of death during induction therapy due to severe bone marrow suppression were low serum albumin concentration (less than or equal to 3.5 g/dL), age greater than 50 years, acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) morphology, low Karnofsky performance status, and weight loss greater than 5%. Factors associated with a higher rate of relapse were WBC greater than 20,000/microL, non-T cell ALL, age greater than 60 years, Ph' + ALL, and time to achieve CR greater than 5 weeks. These criteria were used to identify patients at high risk of relapse. In addition, the predictive value of high WBC was found to disappear by 18 months of continuous CR. Finally, the rate of death following first relapse was higher in patients with a short first remission duration, high percentage weight loss at initial diagnosis, and older age. In summary, factors associated with a higher rate of death during attempted induction (ie, low albumin, high percent weight loss, and poor performance status) had no association with the patient's ability to remain relapse-free. Conversely, factors correlating with more extensive or resistant disease (ie, high WBC, null or B cell ALL, or Ph' + ALL) showed no association with the ability to tolerate therapy. Thus, a less toxic but more effective induction regimen is needed for patients with a poor clinical status, whereas a more intensive form of therapy appears warranted for patients presenting with more extensive or resistant disease. PMID- 3163724 TI - The influence of various factors on the accuracy of gallium-67 imaging for occult infection. AB - To examine whether the results and interpretation of gallium-67 citrate imaging may be adversely influenced by factors present in compromised patients, we reviewed our 1-year experience in 69 patients in intensive care units, renal transplants, and those on hemodialysis. Our results indicate that it is an inappropriate diagnostic procedure for acute pancreatitis since seven of nine had false-negative results. Using loglinear modeling and chi-square analysis we found that treatment with antiinflammatory steroids, severe liver disease, end-stage renal disease, and renal transplantation with immunosuppressive therapy did not interfere with gallium-67 uptake. Increased rate of true-negative results in patients with end-stage renal disease was due to a greater and earlier use of the test in the febrile transplant patient and in hemodialysis patients with infections not amenable to diagnosis with gallium-67 scan (transient bacteremia and bacteriuria). We conclude that gallium-67 imaging is a useful diagnostic tool that, with the exception of acute pancreatitis, has very few false-negative results. PMID- 3163725 TI - Mechanisms of gallium-67 accumulation by tumors: role of cell membrane permeability. AB - The effects of citrate ion on in vitro and in vivo uptake of [67Ga]citrate by tumor cells have been studied. Carrier-free [67Ga]citrate seems to follow the physical diffusion of citrate ions into the cell, and the presence of carrier gallium inhibits that diffusion, reducing considerably its uptake. These results appear to support the hypothesis that increased permeability of tumor cells is the principal cause of [67Ga]citrate accumulation by tumors. PMID- 3163727 TI - Gallium-67 lung index computerization in interstitial pneumonitis. PMID- 3163726 TI - Gallium-67 citrate localization in osteoclast nuclei of Paget's disease of bone. AB - Gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy has been used to indicate the extent of bone involvement in patients with Paget's disease of bone and is an excellent marker in monitoring the effects of specific therapy. Since gallium uptake is dependent on cellular function, autoradiographic techniques can be applied to cells of Paget's lesions to understand better the mechanism of [67Ga]citrate uptake. Bone biopsies were obtained from sites of increased uptake using [67Ga]citrate scintigraphy in two patients with Paget's disease. In both patients electron microscopic autoradiographs demonstrated a high concentration of silver grains over the nuclei of osteoclasts. The cellular mechanism is unknown but may be related to the known inhibitory effect of calcitonin on osteoclast activity. The association of [67Ga]citrate with the nucleus of the osteoclasts is unique and different from tumor cells in which there is a high association of [67Ga]citrate with the lysosome fraction within the cytoplasm. PMID- 3163729 TI - Mechanical properties of elastomeric impression materials. AB - Dental elastomeric impression materials of different consistencies, representing addition and condensation silicones, polysulphides and a polyether, were studied to determine their mechanical properties in terms of tearing energy, tensile properties and modulus determined at high strain rates. Whilst the polysulphides had the greatest resistance to tearing, they were more extensible, had lower moduli of elasticity and lower tensile strengths than the silicones. The polyether resembled the silicones in many respects. PMID- 3163728 TI - History factors associated with symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. AB - Differences in prevalence of head or neck trauma, orthodontic treatment and molar oral surgery procedures reported by individuals were compared among patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and with two comparison groups (a sample of asymptomatic individuals, and a sample with mild or early signs). Association to specific TMD symptoms was tested amongst the comparison groups. Trauma was the most significant factor characterizing TMD patients. History of trauma was also more common among those otherwise normal but symptomatic individuals in the non patient comparison group. Specific TMD symptoms were significantly associated with history of trauma in the comparison group. Significantly more women TMD patients had a history of orthodontic and molar oral surgery treatment than the asymptomatic comparison group. History of orthodontics was also associated with the symptomatic sample of the comparison group in women, but it was not significantly related to any specific TMD symptoms. Symptomatic members of the comparison group could not be differentiated based upon history of molar oral surgery. Certain risk factors may have been delineated, but causal relationship of treatment requires study of co-existing and predisposing behavioural and structural factors. PMID- 3163730 TI - Relationship of first primary palatine rugae to the maxillary canines in man. AB - Fifty dentate maxillary casts, obtained from thirty-four males and sixteen females, were mounted in the three-dimensional co-ordinate system of a contour meter. A transverse line of reference (x-axis) was drawn through the distal contact points of the maxillary canines, at a right angle to the y-axis which passed through the contact points of the maxillary central incisors. Relative to the canine-to-canine baseline, the locations of the lateral borders of the right and left first primary rugae were determined. The rugae were distributed on both the anterior and posterior sides of the baseline, and the anterior and posterior distances from the baseline were on the average about 1 mm. The age of the subjects, ranging from 12 to 52 years, appeared to be unrelated to the frequencies of anteriorly and posteriorly positioned rugae. Right and left first primary rugae, located on the anterior side of the baseline, showed a minute asymmetry in their topography. By contrast, there was topographical symmetry when the rugae were located on the posterior side of the baseline. PMID- 3163731 TI - Effects of experimental defects of the articular disc of the temporomandibular joint in rats. AB - Triangular defects were made in different locations of the disc in rat temporomandibular joints. After 3 months the following effects were observed. Central defects had become rounded without gross changes in the mandibular head. Peripheral defects were enlarged towards the centre, occasionally accompanied by condylar hyperplasia. Microscopically the cartilagenous covering of the mandibular head in all operated cases was characterized by thickening, dispersion of cells normally closely packed in the intermediate zone, and the constant appearance of a tear parallel to the surface. PMID- 3163734 TI - Colour effect of denture base on denture tooth materials. AB - A study using a HunterLab colorimeter was conducted to determine the colour effect of denture base materials on denture tooth acrylics. The results show that denture base materials create a measurable change in the chroma of denture tooth acrylics and suggest that optimal shade selection of teeth should include a determination of the background effects of denture base materials. PMID- 3163733 TI - Effect of exposure time on the depth of polymerization of a visible light-cured composite resin. AB - The effect of exposure time of a visible light source on the depth of polymerization and degree of hardness of a sample of Occlusin posterior composite resin was investigated. The border between cured and non-cured composite resin was identified by a change in colour and by applying pressure with a scalpel. Knoop hardness tests were performed perpendicular to the long axis of illumination. The composite resin nearer to the light source underwent more complete polymerization. Increased exposure time resulted in greater depth of cure. The rate of polymerization was greatest in the first 10 s. Maximum hardness measured up to a depth of 1 mm obtained after 80 s of exposure time. At greater depth, a decrease in Knoop hardness was observed. At exposures under 80 s, maximum hardness was not achieved even at a depth of only 1 mm. PMID- 3163732 TI - Carbon absorption of palladium-enriched ceramic alloys. AB - Palladium-enriched alloys are sensitive to carbon absorption. High carbon levels in ceramic alloys negatively influence some mechanical properties and cause porosities in the porcelain during the firing process. The influence of the palladium content on carbon absorption of alloys with a range of palladium content from 5 to 80% approximately was investigated. Carbon content was measured for alloys in the 'as received' condition as well as after melting once and three times. Carbon contents up to 200 ppm were measured in the case of a high palladium system. PMID- 3163735 TI - Altered phenytoin clearance during intensive chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3163737 TI - RGP lenses: proceed with caution. PMID- 3163736 TI - Synthesis and hypolipidemic activity of 2-substituted isobutyric acid derivatives. AB - A series of 2-substituted isobutyric acid derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated as hypolipidemic agents. Compounds 11 and 20 were found to decrease the level of plasma total cholesterol in experimental hyperlipidemic rats to a greater extent than clofibrate (CF) and to increase the level of plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol to the same extent as gemfibrozil (GF). Increase in liver weight caused by these compounds were less than those with CF and GF. PMID- 3163738 TI - Patenting of biotechnology. PMID- 3163740 TI - Manic syndrome associated with zidovudine treatment. PMID- 3163739 TI - Purification and characterization of the external envelope glycoprotein from two human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants, HTLV-IIIB and HTLV-IIIRF. AB - External envelope glycoprotein from cell membranes and culture media of H9 cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolate HTLV-IIIRF was isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography and compared with similar materials isolated from another variant, HTLV-IIIB. Envelope glycoprotein from IIIB and IIIRF appears to be identical, whether isolated from infected cell membranes or culture media. The molecular size of the IIIRF external envelope glycoprotein was 110 kilodaltons, whereas the relative size of IIIB gp120 was 123 kilodaltons. Amino-terminal sequence analysis of purified external envelope glycoprotein isolated from infected cell membranes or culture fluids revealed identical single sequences for the first 20 amino acids for each variant. The sequences obtained for IIIB gp120 were identical to those reported for the BH10 clone of the IIIB isolate, and the sequences determined for IIIRF gp110 matched the amino acid sequence predicted for the HAT3 clone of the Haitian HIV isolate. The amino terminal sequences of external envelope glycoproteins isolated from either HIV-1 variant corresponded to the sequence starting at the proposed proteolytic cleavage site for the processing of the signal peptide of gp160. Immunization with external envelope glycoprotein isolated from either of the two HIV-1 variants yielded goat antibodies that primarily precipitated the homologous antigen. Sequential immunization of a single goat with gp120 and then gp110 resulted in the generation of antibodies that precipitated external envelope glycoprotein from both variants. PMID- 3163741 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of peroxidase negative acute leukemias by monoclonal antibodies--II. Acute megakaryoblastic and acute pro-megakaryocytic leukemias. AB - In this report, we have described three cases of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) which were demonstrated by the presence of megakaryocyte-platelet-related cell-surface antigens detected by utilizing flow cytometry and monoclonal antibodies in addition to both PPO activity which was shown by ultrastructural cytochemistry and emergence of differentiation antigens while culturing these leukemic cells. The blasts of one case possessed both platelet GpIb and GpIIb/IIIa cell-surface antigens detected by 5F1 (CD36), AN51 (CDw42), and J15, P2 and HPL2 (CDw41), respectively, whereas the remaining two cases almost completely lacked Gp1b cell-surface antigen. Hence, the former was diagnosed as immature (pro) megakaryocytic leukemia and the latter as AMKL from the viewpoint of immunophenotypic analysis as discussed in this article. PMID- 3163742 TI - Cytogenetic evidence of clonal proliferation of leukemic progenitor cells from patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). AB - We have studied in-vitro growth of leukemic progenitor cells (L-CFU) in ten patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). All patients showed consistently an extraordinarily high incidence of cluster formation under the stimulation of human placental conditioned medium (HPCM) and/or phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocyte conditioned medium (PHA-LCM). Cytogenetic analyses of clusters or colonies disclosed the presence of a 15;17 translocation. These findings may represent the close relationship between specific chromosomal aberration, t(15;17), and the growth pattern of L-CFU of APL in vitro. PMID- 3163744 TI - Central nervous system involvement in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with inv(16)(p13q22). PMID- 3163743 TI - Karyotypic evidence for the leukemic involvement of the erythroblasts in erythroleukemia. AB - With the use of a monoclonal anti-glycophorin A antibody and flow cytometric cell sorting, an erythroleukemic bone marrow sample was separated in highly purified erythroblast and myeloblast fractions. Similar karyotypic anomalies were found in both cell populations as in the unseparated bone marrow. This study confirms that acute nonlymphocytic leukemia can originate at the level of a multipotential hemopoietic stem cell. PMID- 3163746 TI - How to design a direct mail envelope. PMID- 3163745 TI - Cardiopulmonary metastatic lesions of osteosarcoma and associated cerebral infarction. AB - Osteogenic sarcoma frequently disseminates by hematogenous routes. A 32-year-old patient underwent evaluation for an acute cerebral infarction. Cardiac auscultation disclosed an abnormal diastolic sound. Echocardiographic examination revealed a large left atrial mass, which was found at thoracotomy to be metastatic osteogenic sarcoma. Cerebral computed tomographic scans at the time of initial examination and 3 months later demonstrated new cerebral lesions consistent with metastatic growths. The abrupt cerebral infarction, other clinical findings, and results of diagnostic studies strongly suggested that the acute cerebrovascular event was the result of metastatic cerebral embolization from the tumor material found in the thorax. Cerebral infarction is an unusual and catastrophic complication of thoracic metastatic lesions of osteogenic sarcoma. PMID- 3163747 TI - How to buy or sell a lab. Part III. PMID- 3163749 TI - People-oriented CEO maintains open door policy. PMID- 3163748 TI - A merger of ideas. PMID- 3163750 TI - The laboratory as educator: why seminars work. PMID- 3163751 TI - Smiles for sale: Arkansas lab gets the word out. PMID- 3163752 TI - The veneer consultant. PMID- 3163753 TI - One product, three labs: how creative marketing builds demand. PMID- 3163754 TI - Hybrid composites: excellent for veneers. PMID- 3163755 TI - 8 ways to market your lab through cosmetic dentistry ... and more. PMID- 3163756 TI - Principles of good packaging. PMID- 3163757 TI - Business before pleasure: when ambition becomes obsession. PMID- 3163758 TI - Lab manager finds niche in sales and marketing. PMID- 3163759 TI - It's not what you make, it's what you get to keep! PMID- 3163760 TI - When managers become owners: why E&S staff is like family. PMID- 3163761 TI - [67Ga-citrate in the differential diagnosis of cavitary formations in the lungs]. PMID- 3163763 TI - Biomedical applications of the enzyme thermistor in lipid determinations. PMID- 3163762 TI - The acute effect of prolonged walking and dietary changes on plasma lipoprotein concentrations and high-density lipoprotein subfractions. AB - The effect of diet on exercise-induced changes in the plasma concentrations of lipoproteins was examined in six healthy male subjects during walks of 37 km on each of four successive days. With a high-carbohydrate diet (85% of the calories as carbohydrate) there was an increase (P less than .05) in the concentration of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol and VLDL-triglyceride and a decrease (P less than .01) in the concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, due mainly to a decrease in HDL3-cholesterol (P less than .01), and HDL-protein (P less than .001). In contrast, a high-fat diet (75% fat) produced a decrease (P less than .01) in the concentration of VLDL-cholesterol and VLDL triglyceride with increases (P less than .01) in HDL-protein concentration and in HDL-cholesterol concentrations that arose largely from an increase (P less than .001) in HDL2-cholesterol. Gradient gel electrophoretic analysis showed an increase (P less than .01) in the relative concentration of HDL2b (subspecies of diameter 10.57 nm) with a decrease (P less than .01) in the concentration of HDL2a (9.16 nm) plus HDL3a (8.44 nm) with the high-fat diet, but no significant or consistent change with the high-carbohydrate diet. There was no change in the level of the apolipoprotein E-rich HDL subfraction with either diet. Plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity decreased (P less than .05) with the high-fat diet but not with the high-carbohydrate diet. Thus, diet can strongly influence the changes that occur in plasma lipoprotein concentrations during prolonged low-intensity exercise. PMID- 3163764 TI - Dialysis membranes containing asparaginase entrapped in microparticles. PMID- 3163765 TI - Relative strengths of the 35S cauliflower mosaic virus, 1', 2', and nopaline synthase promoters in transformed tobacco sugarbeet and oilseed rape callus tissue. AB - The 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus and promoters from the nopaline synthase, 1' and 2' genes of Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA were fused to the bacterial octopine synthase and chitinase gene coding regions. These chimaeric gene constructions were introduced into tobacco, sugarbeet and oilseed rape cells and their relative levels of expression measured by primer extension analysis of RNA isolated from pooled populations of stably transformed calli. In tobacco callus, the 35S promoter provided the highest levels of gene expression, followed by the 2', 1' and nopaline synthase promoters. While the ranking of these promoters is conserved in sugarbeet and oilseed rape callus, there is between species variation in the relative strength of these promoters. In all three species, transcription initiation is conserved for each of the chimaeric gene constructions. Additional constructions in which the 5' untranslated leader of a petunia chlorophyll a/b binding protein gene is substituted for DNA downstream of the 35S transcription start site demonstrates that heterologous 5' leader sequences can be utilized to augment steady-state levels of reporter gene expression. PMID- 3163766 TI - Isolation of cDNA clones coding for spinach nitrite reductase: complete sequence and nitrate induction. AB - The main nitrogen source for most higher plants is soil nitrate. Prior to its incorporation into amino acids, plants reduce nitrate to ammonia in two enzymatic steps. Nitrate is reduced by nitrate reductase to nitrite, which is further reduced to ammonia by nitrite reductase. In this paper, the complete primary sequence of the precursor protein for spinach nitrite reductase has been deduced from cloned cDNAs. The cDNA clones were isolated from a nitrate-induced cDNA library in two ways: through the use of oligonucleotide probes based on partial amino acid sequences of nitrite reductase and through the use of antibodies raised against purified nitrite reductase. The precursor protein for nitrite reductase is 594 amino acids long and has a 32 amino acid extension at the N terminal end of the mature protein. These 32 amino acids most likely serve as a transit peptide involved in directing this nuclear-encoded protein into the chloroplast. The cDNA hybridizes to a 2.3 kb RNA whose steady-state level is markedly increased upon induction with nitrate. PMID- 3163768 TI - Diverse mechanisms for the regulation of ethylene-inducible gene expression. AB - We have investigated the mechanism of action of the plant hormone ethylene by analyzing the expression of ethylene-inducible genes isolated from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). We have found that the expression of each cloned gene is regulated by ethylene in a unique manner. That is, for certain genes ethylene affects transcriptional processes, while for another gene it affects both transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. Furthermore, induction of gene transcription by ethylene is organ specific for one gene, while for others it is not. In addition, we have measured gene expression as a function of ethylene concentration and have found that each gene displays a unique ethylene dose-response curve. Our results suggest that ethylene modulates gene expression by a variety of mechanisms. PMID- 3163769 TI - [Further contribution to an assessment of dental age in the second decade of life]. PMID- 3163767 TI - The NADH-dehydrogenase subunit 5 gene in Oenothera mitochondria contains two introns and is co-transcribed with the 5 S rRNA gene. AB - The gene encoding subunit 5 of the NADH dehydrogenase complex (ND 5) has been identified in Oenothera mitochondria from a cDNA clone. The coding region is interrupted by a type II intron of 850 nucleotides and a second intervening sequence of 357 nucleotides. Genomic sequence rearrangement within the first intron creates a nontranscribed partial copy of the gene. The intact ND 5 gene is transcribed in a complex pattern with mRNAs including the 5 S rRNA sequence. Excision of the two introns appears to proceed slowly in vivo since the steady state mitochondrial RNA contains significant proportions of unprocessed precursor molecules. PMID- 3163771 TI - [Pretreatment with composite resins]. PMID- 3163770 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic aspects of ununited nasoseptal, nasoethmoidal and naso orbital fractures]. PMID- 3163772 TI - [Potentials and limitations of topical fluoride prophylaxis using the 904-nm IR laser]. PMID- 3163773 TI - Clinical importance of near-diploid tumor stem lines in patients with osteosarcoma of an extremity. AB - We determined the clinical value of flow-cytometric measurement of tumor-cell DNA content, which reflects the chromosome number (ploidy), in patients with osteosarcoma of an extremity. Hyperdiploid stem lines were identified in 25 of 26 tumor samples obtained at diagnosis from patients who did not have clinically overt metastases. Near-diploid tumor stem lines coexisted with hyperdiploid lines in 15 of these 25 cases; an isolated near-diploid line was present in the 26th case. All 26 patients underwent definitive surgery and then were treated uniformly with intensive adjuvant combination chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier analysis of both relapse-free and overall survival times showed that the presence of a near-diploid tumor stem line was associated with improved outcome (P = 0.003 for each comparison). After a median follow-up time of three years, pulmonary metastases developed in only 2 patients in the group with near-diploid lines, in contrast to 7 of the 10 with hyperdiploid lines exclusively. Near diploidy remained significantly associated with improved relapse-free survival after adjustment for the influence of age, the only clinical variable that showed prognostic strength in this analysis (P less than 0.01; relative risk, 0.08; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.02 to 0.48). Our findings demonstrate the usefulness of flow-cytometric determination of tumor-cell ploidy for predicting the sensitivity of histologically high-grade osteosarcoma to chemotherapeutic agents. Patients with a near-diploid tumor stem line can be expected to respond favorably to adjuvant chemotherapy as used in this study, whereas those with only hyperdiploid lines should be considered as candidates for alternative therapy. PMID- 3163774 TI - Unrecognized human immunodeficiency virus infection in emergency department patients. AB - To determine the extent of unrecognized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, we examined blood samples drawn from patients presenting to an inner city emergency department. We found 119 of 2302 consecutive adult patients (5.2 percent) to be seropositive for HIV. Although 27 patients presented with known symptomatic HIV infection, 92 of the remaining 2275 patients (4.0 percent) had unrecognized HIV infection. The highest seroprevalence rate (11.4 percent) was found among black men 30 to 34 years of age. Blacks, other nonwhites, and patients under the age of 45 had high rates of unrecognized infection. The clinical team established risk-factor status in only 29.0 percent of the patients. Of the 276 patients with identified risk factors, 13.0 percent were seropositive, whereas 3.1 percent of the 1616 patients with unknown risk-factor status were seropositive. None of the 102 patients who reported no risk factors were seropositive. Although penetrating trauma (seroprevalence, 13.6 percent) was the only clinical presentation associated with an increased seroprevalence rate independent of other known predictors of infection (P = 0.02), seropositive patients were found in all categories of clinical condition. These data, although based on observations in one emergency department setting, support the concept of universal blood and body-fluid precautions by all health care workers whether or not HIV infection is known. PMID- 3163776 TI - Renal disease in type 1 glycogen storage disease. PMID- 3163775 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 25-1988. Back and abdominal pain followed by disseminated intravascular coagulation in a five-year-old boy with leukemia in remission. PMID- 3163777 TI - Recombinant DNA. Dos and don'ts of genetic release. PMID- 3163779 TI - Radiation-induced meningiomas in pediatric patients. AB - Radiation-induced meningiomas rarely have latency periods short enough from the time of irradiation to the clinical presentation of the tumor to present in the pediatric patient. Three cases of radiation-induced intracranial meningiomas in pediatric patients are presented. The first involved a meningioma of the right frontal region in a 10-year-old boy 6 years after the resection and irradiation of a 4th ventricular medulloblastoma. Review of our pediatric tumor cases produced a second case of a left temporal fossa meningioma presenting in a 15 year-old boy with a history of irradiation for retinoblastoma at age 3 years and a third case of a right frontoparietal meningioma in a 15-year-old girl after irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Only three cases of meningiomas presenting in the pediatric age group after radiation therapy to the head were detected in our review of the literature. PMID- 3163778 TI - A clonal marker induced by mutation in mouse intestinal epithelium. AB - A cellular marker for individual somatic cells and their clonal descendents would be a valuable tool for the investigation of cell lineages and clonal organization in developing and in renewing tissues. Such markers have been developed in Drosophila, but (apart from mutant melanocytes in retinal pigmented epithelium) not so far in mammalian tissues. We report here the development of a mutation induced marker in mice heterozygous at the Dlb-1 locus which determines the expression of binding sites for the lectin Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) in intestinal epithelium. We show that this marker can be used to study the clonal organization of adult intestinal epithelium, and to mark descendent clones arising during development. The method can in principle be extended to any other suitable markers which can be obtained in a heterozygous state, including markers generated in transgenic animals. PMID- 3163780 TI - [Carcinoma of the ovary: reliability of its markers]. PMID- 3163781 TI - Double-contrast arthrography of the temporomandibular joint: role of direct sagittal CT imaging. AB - Double-contrast arthrography with direct sagittal CT imaging is a technique that permits reliable examination of the disk and its relationship to the condyle, the glenoid fossa, and/or the eminence. PMID- 3163782 TI - Monocortical wire osteosynthesis for the midface and lower jaw. AB - An innovative angle drill apparatus permits fixation of soft tissue, transplants, or alloplastic implants onto bone, as well as monocortical wire osteosynthesis. Thus it is necessary to expose only one bony surface. We are herewith reporting our initial clinical experience with this technique. PMID- 3163783 TI - Repair of palatal defects with unlined buccal fat pad grafts. AB - The use of unlined buccal fat pad as a pedicled graft to close palatal defects is reported. The advantages of this procedure are described. PMID- 3163784 TI - Incidence of jaw lesions in 193 patients with multiple myeloma. AB - The incidence of alterations of the maxilla and mandible at radiographic screening was evaluated in 193 patients with multiple myeloma, both at the time of diagnosis and after the start of chemotherapy during the course of the disease. Although the study confirms that osteolytic lesions are more frequent in the mandible than in the maxilla, it showed that their incidence was lower than reported in the past. Furthermore, these lesions were mostly asymptomatic and were observed in patients who had extensive skeletal involvement, particularly at the skull level. These findings indicate that systematic radiologic monitoring of the stomatognathic system should be performed, particularly in patients with multiple myeloma at an advanced stage. PMID- 3163785 TI - Facial trismus and myofascial pain associated with infections and malignant disease. Report of five cases. AB - Five cases of facial pain and limited jaw opening, which include two infections, two primary carcinomas, and one metastatic carcinoma, each imitating TMJ dysfunction, are presented. These cases emphasize the importance of (1) a thorough working knowledge of the differential diagnosis of facial pain and limited jaw opening; (2) a complete evaluation, including a review of an adequate medical history as well as a full head and neck examination; and (3) the ability to make use of diagnostic radiographs, including computerized tomography. PMID- 3163786 TI - Correction of mucosal defects of periapical origin with periodontal surgical techniques. AB - Periapical lesions usually heal after successful root canal therapy. Persistent apical-oral communications may be due to anatomic and pathologic features that were originally linked to the endodontic cause of the lesion. One such factor is close proximity of the root apex to the oral mucosa. These defects necessitate corrective surgical intervention similar to techniques used in periodontal surgery. Four cases involving young female patients are described. These defects occurred in teeth that did not complete their maturation before necrosis of the pulp set in. PMID- 3163788 TI - The tissue reactions after capping of dog teeth with calcium hydroxide experimentally crammed into the pulp space. AB - The pulps of 48 permanent dog teeth, incisors and canines, were evaluated histopathologically after capping treatment with pure calcium hydroxide placed by two methods: the experimental method, in which the calcium hydroxide was crammed into the pulpal space via the exposure site, and the usual method of direct pulp capping (controls). The results were recorded after periods of 2, 15, and 69 days. The healing process with hard-tissue formation was more evident in the experimentally capped teeth, despite the fact that pulpal necrosis occurred in a higher proportion of these teeth after use of this method of placement of the calcium hydroxide. PMID- 3163787 TI - Autotransplanted teeth with early-stage endodontic treatment: a radiographic evaluation. AB - Autotransplantation of teeth has been performed for many years and with varying degrees of success. The present report concerns the long-term results of autotransplantation of 36 teeth with completed root formation. Endodontic treatment was started before or within 12 weeks after transplantation. At the final check-up 32 teeth were present, 24 of them without signs of inflammation, replacement, or internal resorption. Careful radiographic examination during the follow-up period and adequate therapeutic measures with inter alia renewed endodontic treatment are of importance for successful autotransplantation. PMID- 3163789 TI - Dental and mandibular arch widths in three ethnic groups in Texas: a radiographic study. AB - The dimensions of the dental and mandibular arches were determined in 210 subjects belonging to Mexican American, black American, and white American ethnic groups. The measurements were taken from axial radiographs in which it was possible to trace the intrabony structures of the dentition and the position of the condyles. The study revealed that ethnic and sexual differences in the dental and mandibular arch widths were statistically significant. Males were 0.6 to 1.1 mm wider in their dentitions than females. Mexican Americans had the widest dental arch, although theirs was only 0.2 mm wider than black Americans. White Americans were significantly different; their dental arch was measured as 0.8 to 1.2 mm narrower than that of the other ethnic groups. PMID- 3163790 TI - Use of a "sandwich" technique to control image geometry in clinical studies comparing intraoral xeroradiographs and E-speed films. AB - A method of superimposing a film on a xeroradiographic (XR) cassette for simultaneous intraoral exposure is evaluated for use as an imaging technique in clinical studies comparing Ektaspeed film and XR images. Sandwich images were indistinguishable from those produced by conventional technique. Pilot studies were conducted with 104 patients who had symptomatic dental problems. No significant differences were found in diagnostic usefulness or image quality between XR and film radiographs when sign test analysis was used. The sandwich technique yielded film and XR images with duplicate image geometry while reducing patient exposures to one half of that used in conventional image comparison protocols. PMID- 3163791 TI - A new technique for imaging the temporomandibular joint with a panoramic x-ray machine. Part I. Description of the technique. AB - A new technique for imaging the temporomandibular joint with rotational panoramic radiography is explained and demonstrated with a tissue-equivalent phantom. In this technique the patient is displaced forward and laterally away from the side under examination. Radiographs made with the proposed technique show the temporomandibular joint with more sharpness and less distortion than do radiographs made with conventional panoramic techniques. PMID- 3163792 TI - A new technique for imaging the temporomandibular joint with a panoramic x-ray machine. Part II. Positioning with the use of patient data. AB - In the first article of this series, a new panoramic technique for visualization of the temporomandibular joint was described. In this article, it is shown that the patient positioning required for the implementation of this technique can be inferred from the gender, ethnicity, and bizygomatic width of the patient. Tables for estimating positioning in the Panoral panoramic machine have been derived from the analysis of data from 196 patients. Use of this approach eliminates the requirement for an additional submentovertex radiograph and the associated radiation dose to the patient. PMID- 3163793 TI - Microdontia of a mandibular second premolar. PMID- 3163794 TI - Dental anomalies in the midline. PMID- 3163795 TI - Glucose phosphate isomerase isozymes as genetic markers for lines of Eimeria tenella. AB - Two strains of Eimeria tenella with different decoquinate sensitivity and different glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) isozymes were used in genetic recombination experiments: a line derived from a laboratory strain (NIAH) was decoquinate-resistant (DR) and had the isozyme GPI-9, while a field isolate (Iwate strain) was decoquinate-sensitive (DS) and had GPI-1. Coccidia-free chickens were orally inoculated with mixed oocysts of the two strains and parasites of the F1 generation were recovered. The F1 progeny showed both forms of the isozyme. Next, oocysts of the F1 progeny were passaged through chickens given the decoquinate-containing diet. The F2 progeny also had GPI-1 and GPI-9, indicating cross-fertilization between the two strains. Six single oocysts were isolated from F2 progeny; 1 showed both phenotypes of GPI, 1 had GPI-1 and the remaining 4 lines had GPI-9. Analysis of the amount of GPI in recombinant oocysts suggested that the proliferation rate of the DR strain was slower than that of the DS strain. We concluded that GPI isozymes in E. tenella can serve as useful markers in experiments on chicken coccidia. PMID- 3163796 TI - Inhibition by retinoic acid of myeloid progenitors in chronic myeloid leukemia and myeloproliferative disease: increased sensitivity in blastic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - The effects of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) were tested on the growth in vitro of myeloid progenitors from peripheral blood or bone marrow, in 25 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), ten of whom were either in accelerated or blastic phase, and in nine patients with myeloproliferative disease (MPD). The responses were compared with 12 normal bone marrow controls obtained from patients with lymphoma. Clonal growth in CML blastic and accelerated phase was inhibited to the greatest degree (mean 49 +/- 9% (SEM) of control at 0.3 microM RA). The responses in CML chronic phase and MPD were more heterogeneous, but significant inhibition was seen at higher concentrations of RA (50 +/- 12% CML chronic phase, 58 +/- 26% MPD at 3.0 microM RA). At 0.3 microM and 1.0 microM RA there were significant differences between the CML chronic phase and the CML blastic phase patients (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.05 respectively). At these concentrations there was no significant inhibition on normal bone marrow myeloid progenitors. Inhibition was independent of the proportions of progenitors in S phase, as assessed by tritiated thymidine suicide. Preincubation of cells from selected patients with RA for 48 hours before culture in agar resulted in a significant degree of inhibition (48 +/- 8% of control). Inhibition was prevented by delaying the addition of RA from 24 to 48 hours from the beginning of the culture, indicating that RA exerts an early direct effect on myeloid progenitors. PMID- 3163797 TI - An evaluation of CA125, CA1 and peanut lectin immunoreactivity in epithelial ovarian neoplasms: correlation with histopathological features, prognostic variables and patient outcome. AB - The ability to produce monoclonal antibodies to tumour associated antigens, together with advances in immunocytochemistry, provide the potential for establishing a new functional classification of human tumours. This approach was used to investigate whether the expression of CA125, CA1 and the Thomsen Friedenreich antigens reflected the biological behaviour of ovarian tumours and, if so, had a potential role in the clinico-pathological assessment of ovarian neoplasms. Expression of these antigens was assessed in benign, borderline and malignant ovarian epithelial tumours and attempts were made to determine if there was any correlation between immunoreactivity and tumour grade, histological subtype, FIGO Stage, tumour ploidy or patient outcome. There was no evidence that expression of these antigens had clinical significance, although it is possible that reactivity with antibody OC125 might identify patients in whom CA125 antigen levels in the sera could be used as a marker to monitor disease progress. PMID- 3163798 TI - Study of liver metabolism in glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency (glycogen storage disease type 1A) by P-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - Liver metabolism of two patients (aged 15 and 23 yr) was studied by P-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 1.9 tesla. The P-31 spectra of liver showed the resonances of phosphomonoesters (including sugar phosphates), inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphodiesters (e.g. glycerophosphorylcholine, glycerophosporylethanolamine), and ATP. These resonances were quantified by expressing their peak areas in mM (assuming that ATP concentrations in normal liver is 2.5 mM) or as a ratio relative to the area of the phosphodiester resonance. After an overnight fast liver phosphomonoesters in patients were 2.6 and 1.6 AU, respectively (controls 1.1 +/- 0.5, mean +/- 2 SD, n = 17). At the same time liver Pi was decreased in patients to 1.3 and 1.0, respectively (controls 1.8 +/- 0.8). Based on chemical shift measurements the increase in phosphomonoesters could be attributed to accumulation of sugar phosphates (mainly glycolytic intermediates). After 1 g/kg oral glucose, hepatic sugar phosphates decreased in patients by 64 and 40%, respectively, and reached normal levels (on the absolute intensity scale); whereas liver Pi increased by 130 and 40%, respectively. Liver Pi levels remained elevated in both patients 30 min after ingestion of glucose. Liver sugar phosphates and Pi did not change in control subjects (n = 4) after glucose. In contrast to some previous reports, we have found accumulation of glycolytic intermediates in the liver of glucose-6 phosphatase-deficient patients during fasting. In these patients high levels may enhance the activity of residual glucose-6-phosphatase thus increasing hepatic glucose production and reducing the degree of hypoglycemia during fasting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3163799 TI - Adenosine deaminase gene expression is regulated posttranscriptionally in the nucleus. AB - The housekeeping enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) shows a large variation in tissue-specific expression ranging from 1 Iu in red blood cells to 880 Iu in thymocytes. We investigated the acute lymphocytic leukemic cell line Molt-4 (660 Iu ADA/g protein) and the promyelocytic cell line HL-60 (38 Iu ADA/g protein) as a model system to determine the levels at which the tissue-specific expression of ADA is regulated. From our results it can be concluded that the almost 20-fold difference in ADA expression between Molt-4 and HL-60 is the result of differences in the post-transcriptional processing and/or stability of ADA pre mRNA within the nucleus. PMID- 3163800 TI - [Anorexia in the first year of life. Case contribution]. AB - The anorexia is a frequent cause for paediatric consultation, especially during the first year of life, during which often it is not due to illness or to some organic cause. Particularly interesting from the etiopathogenetic and most of all from the curative point of view are the protracted anorexias in which the relationships mother-child-surroundings appear disturbed. Generally, the loss or the simple reduction of the appetite could heal, all the same and also in a short while if the mother would accept willingly the new situation, trusting in a spontaneous resolution. On the contrary she usually forces the infant to take the meal even if incompletely, meeting at each new attempt, the infant's resistance initially passive and then more and more active and efficacious. Thus an "anorexia for opposition" is established by the conflict between mother and child that the mother stirfs up to then end looser if not even victim. An exemplar in this connection is given by the anorexias of the 16 personal cases extracted from a larger casuistry: infant of age between 40 days and 12 months in the most part of which the anorexia was arisen from different causes (illness from slight infections, the replacement of the human milk with the adapted milk, the weaning, copious rations); in some infants the loss of appetite was without an apparent cause. The anorexia became worse after the mother's reiterated attempts to force the infant to have a meal. During the hospitalization the mother was detained with the son; the giving of the meals was in a first time done by the paramedical personnel with the mother present an then by the mother only. In 14 infants the cyproheptadine was given. Only in a few cases the mothers were treated with anxiolytic. All the cases have been resolve positively. PMID- 3163802 TI - Prostaglandin D2, a cerebral sleep-inducing substance in monkeys. AB - The sleep-inducing effect of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) was studied in five conscious male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) maintained in a 12-hr light/dark cycle. PGD2 was infused into the lateral or the third ventricle of the cerebrum slowly and continuously for 6 hr in the light period. Infusion of PGD2 into the lateral ventricle at 15-2250 pmol/min induced natural sleep as identified by electroencephalogram, electromyogram, electrooculogram, body temperature, heart rate, and animal behavior. Although sensitivity to PGD2 was slightly different among individual animals, the amount of total sleep time increased maximally up to 3- to 4-fold over the control level. PGD2 infused into the third ventricle induced effects similar to those observed for the lateral ventricular route, but infusion into the third ventricle was about 1000 times more effective than infusion into the lateral ventricle. In three monkeys, PGD2 increased the amount of sleep in a dose-dependent manner. Bell-shaped dose-response curves were observed for the other two monkeys. Infusion of prostaglandin E2 or F2 alpha into the lateral ventricle caused sedation but slightly reduced the amount of slow wave sleep and produced increases in heart rate and body temperature. These findings suggest that endogenous PGD2 may be involved in the regulation of sleep by acting on the brain structures surrounding the third ventricle in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 3163801 TI - Vincristine-resistant erythroleukemia cell line has marked increased sensitivity to hexamethylenebisacetamide-induced differentiation. AB - Hexamethylenebisacetamide (HMBA)-induced murine erythroleukemia (MEL) differentiation is a multistep process. Commitment is the capacity to express terminal cell division and characteristics of the differentiated phenotype even after the cells are removed from culture with inducer. Culture of MEL cell line 745A.DS19 (DS19) with HMBA causes commitment to terminal differentiation after a latent period of about 10-12 hr. Previous studies have shown that during this latent period, HMBA causes a number of metabolic changes, including modulation in expression of certain protooncogenes. We now report the development of a MEL cell line (designated V3.17) derived from DS19 that is resistant to vincristine and is (i) markedly more sensitive to HMBA, (ii) induced to commitment without a detectable latent period, and (iii) resistant to the effects of phorbol ester and dexamethasone, which are potent inhibitors of HMBA-mediated DS19 differentiation. We suggest that this V3.17 MEL cell line may express a factor that circumvents HMBA-mediated early events, which prepare the cells for commitment to terminal differentiation. PMID- 3163803 TI - Prostaglandin E2 in induction of labour: a pharmacokinetic study of dose and treatment protocols. AB - The absorption of administered prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) into the term uterus was analysed, by measurement of intrauterine PGE2 and PGF 2 alpha, in 137 women. Amniotic fluid was sampled after elective Caesarean section, or at rupture of the membranes, and fetal membranes were collected after delivery of the placenta. Within 2 h of administration of a PGE2 pessary (500 micrograms), a significant elevation in amniotic fluid PGE2 was detected. Exogenous PGE2 stimulated the production of intrauterine PGE2 and PGF2 alpha, causing an elevated PGE2 concentration in amniotic fluid, and increased PGF2 alpha in fetal membranes. These studies indicate that the administration of as little as 500 micrograms of PGE2 pessary, resulted in elevated intrauterine PGE2. Exogenous PGE2 (2.5 mg) administration resulted in increased concentrations of PGF2 alpha in the fetal membranes. Considerable local release of PGs was observed at the site of membrane rupture, and this influenced the method of amniotic fluid sampling used in this study. PMID- 3163804 TI - Influence of spironolactone on urinary prostaglandin E2 and kinin excretion in rats. AB - Spironolactone was administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) in order to examine the urinary excretions of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and kinin. Thirteen SHRs were divided into 2 groups: 0.1 ml of sesame oil was administered to one group (the spironolactone-lactone-untreated group, n = 6) and 20 mg of spironolactone in 0.1 ml of sesame oil was administered to the other group (the spironolactone-treated group, n = 7) by the subcutaneous route for 10 days in succession. Determinations were then made of the body weight, blood pressure, urine volume, and excretion levels of Na, K, kinin and PGE2 in the 24-hour urine. After the animals had been killed by decapitation, blood samples were drawn for determination of the plasma renin activity (PRA). The results obtained indicated decreased blood pressure and increased urinary Na excretion in the spironolactone treated group. On the other hand, the PGE2 excretion level in the 24-hour urine decreased markedly immediately after administration of spironolactone (p less than 0.05) and was maintained at lower levels up to the end of the experiment. However, the 24-hour urinary kinin levels showed similar changes in both the spironolactone-treated group and the untreated group with no significant difference between them. These findings suggest that spironolactone has a suppressive effect on urinary PGE2 excretion, the activity of which is not mediated by kinin production in the kidneys but is the result of a direct action of spironolactone itself. PMID- 3163805 TI - The effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha treatment on the endometrial oestradiol receptor system. AB - The effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha treatment on oestradiol receptor levels were studied in human decidual tissues from the first trimester of pregnancy. Two types of nuclear oestradiol binding sites in decidual tissue were detected. Type I receptors bind the oestradiol with high affinity and low capacity (Kd = 1.4 nM, Bmax = 0.3 pmol/mgDNA, Hillcoeff = 1), while type II binding sites have lower affinity and higher capacity for the hormone (Kd = 20.4 nM, Bmax = 2.0 pmol/mgDNA, Hillcoeff = 3). The nuclear oestrogen binding capacities of decidual tissue were affected by prostaglandin F2 alpha in a time dependent manner. Within the first 10 hrs after prostaglandin F2 alpha application the concentration of low affinity, high capacity binding sites (type II) was enhanced in comparison with the control values. Later, 20-24 hrs after the treatment, both types of nuclear oestrogen binding sites were increased significantly. When prostaglandin F2 alpha treatment failed to induce abortion no change in the concentration of nuclear oestrogen binding sites was observed. Oestradiol receptor concentration in the cytoplasm apparently was not affected by prostaglandin F2 alpha treatment. PMID- 3163806 TI - Tourette syndrome in severely behavior disordered mentally retarded children. AB - Although generally overlooked in mentally retarded individuals, the occurrence of Tourette Syndrome (TS) in seven such children is documented here. These subjects also shared a very early and persistent severe behavior disorder consisting of hyperactivity, agitation, aggressivity, and noncompliance. Correct diagnosis of TS is important to appropriate treatment, rather than assuming that motor and phonic tics and other associated TS symptoms are necessarily a function of a more pervasive developmental disorder in a disturbed mentally retarded person. PMID- 3163807 TI - Anhydrolevuglandin D2 inhibits the uterotonic activity of prostaglandins F2 alpha and D2. AB - Anhydrolevuglandin D2 (AnLGD2), which is produced from PGH2 by a water-induced rearrangement and subsequent dehydration, is uterotonic. However, increasing concentrations caused decreased responses of the uterine horns. AnLGD2 inhibited responses of uteri to stimulation by specific prostaglandins. PGF2 alpha was inhibited at an AnLGD2:PGF2 alpha ratio of 0.05:1 with 5 to 25 pg/ml concentrations of PGF2 alpha. The response to PGD2 was inhibited at an AnLGD2:PGD2 ratio of 0.05:1 with PGD2 concentrations of 5 to 75 pg/ml. In contrast, the uterotonic effects of PGE2 were not inhibited by AnLGD2. When AnLGD2 was added to baths with contracting uteri it inhibited contractions less if the exposure period was 5 min than if it was 10 min. The longer exposure times produced prolonged inhibition of contractile activity with bath concentrations of AnLGD2 as little as 2.5 pg/ml. PMID- 3163808 TI - Changes in corpus luteum content of prostaglandin F2 alpha and E in the adult pseudopregnant rat. AB - Conflicting reports exist regarding the source of luteolytic PGF2 alpha in the rat ovary. To assess the quantities of different PGs, measurements of PGF2 alpha, PGE and PGB were performed by radioimmunoassay in the adult pseudopregnant rat ovary throughout the luteal lifespan. Ovaries of 84 rats were separated by dissection into two compartments, corpora lutea of pseudopregnancy and remainder of ovary. Tissue samples were homogenized and prostaglandins extracted and determined by radioimmunoassay. During the mid-luteal and late-luteal phases, levels of PGs were significantly higher in the corpora lutea of pseudopregnancy than in the remainder of ovary. An increase of PGF2 alpha-content in the corpus luteum was registered with peak-levels of 53.9 +/- 8.5 (mean +/- SEM, N = 18) ng/g tissue wet weight at day 13 of pseudopregnancy. PGE-levels reached peak values at day 11 of pseudopregnancy (271.6 +/- 28.4 ng/g w w, mean +/- SEM, N = 12). PGB-levels were below detection limits in all compartments for all ages studied. The present study demonstrates increased availability of PGF2 alpha in the corpus luteum during the luteolytic period, and points toward either increased luteal synthesis or luteal binding of PGF2 alpha during the luteolytic period. PMID- 3163809 TI - Prostaglandin E2 counteracts the effects of PGF2 alpha in indomethacin treated cycling gilts. AB - Twenty crossbred gilts with at least 2 consecutive estrous cycles of 18 to 21 days in length were used to study the effects of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha (PGE2 and PGF2 alpha) on luteal function in indomethacin (INDO) treated cycling gilts. Intrauterine and jugular vein catheters were surgically placed before day 7 of the treatment estrous cycle and gilts were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatment groups (4/group). With exception of the controls (Group I) all gilts received 3.3 mg/kg INDO every 8 h, Groups III, IV and V received 2.5 mg PGF2; 2.5 mg PGF2 alpha + 400 micrograms PGE2 every 4 hr, or 400 micrograms PGE2 every 4 h, respectively. All treatments were initiated on day 7 and continued until estrus or day 23. Jugular blood for progesterone analysis was collected twice daily from day 7 to 30. Estradiol-17 beta (E2-17 beta) concentrations were determined in samples collected twice daily, from 2 d before until 2 d following the day of estrus onset. When compared to pretreatment values, estrous cycle length was unaffected (P greater than 0.05) in Group I, prolonged (P less than 0.05) in Groups II, IV and V; and shortened (P less than 0.05) in Group III. The decline in plasma progesterone concentration that normally occurs around day 15 was unaffected (P greater than .05) in Group I; delayed (P less than 0.05) in Groups II, IV and V; and occurred early (P less than 0.05) in Group III. Mean E2-17 beta remained high (31.2 +/- 4.9 to 49.3 +/- 3.1 pg/ml) in Groups III and IV, while the mean concentrations in Groups III and V varied considerably (17.0 +/- 2.0 to 52.2 +/- 3.5 pg/ml). The results of this study have shown that PGE2 will counteract the effects of PGF2 alpha in INDO treated cycling gilts. The inclusion of PGF2 alpha appeared to either stimulate E2-17 beta secretion or maintain it at a higher level than other treatments. PMID- 3163810 TI - Prostaglandin secretion by perifused porcine endometrium: further evidence for an endocrine versus exocrine secretion of prostaglandins. AB - Bilateral perifusion devices were utilized for measurement of prostaglandin secretion by luminal and myometrial surfaces of porcine endometrium. Tissues were collected from Days 10, 12 and 14 pregnant, Day 14 cyclic and Day 14 estrogen induced pseudopregnant gilts. Each tissue was placed into duplicate perifusion devices and perifused with Krebs-Ringer Bicarbonate solution at 3 ml/10 min for 2 h, fractions collected every 10 min and oxytocin (1 IU/ml) perifused during fractions 6-10 to the luminal side of one chamber and to the myometrial side of the other chamber. Secretion rates of PGF were higher (P less than 0.05) than PGE2 for each status. Secretion rates of PGF and PGE2 were higher (P less than 0.01) from the luminal side for Day 12 pregnant, Day 14 pregnant and Day 14 pseudo-pregnant gilts, whereas secretion was higher from the myometrial side for Day 10 pregnant and Day 14 cyclic gilts. Oxytocin increased (P less than 0.01) prostaglandin secretion from the luminal side regardless of reproductive status. Pregnancy at Day 12 and Day 14, as well as estrogen treatment, were associated with prostaglandin secretion in a luminal (exocrine) orientation versus a myometrial (endocrine) orientation for Day 14 cyclic and Day 10 pregnant gilts. These data indicate an estrogen associated switch between Days 10 and 12 of pregnancy from an endocrine to an exocrine secretion of prostaglandins. PMID- 3163811 TI - Prostaglandin secretion by perifused bovine endometrium: secretion towards the myometrial and luminal sides at day 17 post-estrus as altered by pregnancy. AB - Bilateral perifusion devices were utilized to measure prostaglandin secretion towards luminal and myometrial sides of bovine endometria. Tissues were collected at Day 17 post-estrus from cyclic (n = 4), pregnant (n = 5) and bred but subsequently non-pregnant (n = 6) cows. Tissue from each cow was placed into two perifusion devices, perifused with Krebs-Ringer Bicarbonate solution (3 ml/10 min) for 2.5 h and fractions collected every 10 min. Oxytocin (1 IU/ml) was perifused during fractions 7-12 to the luminal side of one device and to the myometrial side of the other device. Regardless of status, prostaglandin secretion rates (PGF and PGE2) were higher (P less than 0.01) from the luminal side than the myometrial side. Secretion rates of PGF were lower (P less than 0.01) for endometria from pregnant cows than for endometria from cyclic or bred/non-pregnant cows, whereas secretion rates of PGE2 were not affected by pregnancy status. Regardless of the side of perifusion, secretion rates of PGF and PGE2 from endometria of cyclic and bred/non-pregnant cows were elevated (P less than 0.01) throughout the period of oxytocin treatment, whereas prostaglandin secretion by endometria from pregnant cows was not stimulated by oxytocin. Decreased secretion of PGF from endometria of pregnant cows suggests that the corpus luteum and pregnancy are maintained because of an inhibition of endometrial prostaglandin synthesis or an inability to respond to stimulators of prostaglandin synthesis (i.e. oxytocin). PMID- 3163812 TI - Inhibition of experimental metastasis with indomethacin: role of macrophages and natural killer cells. AB - The metastatic capacity of murine mammary tumor line 410.4 is greatly increased by treatment of the host with asialo-GM1 antiserum (5-fold), 2-chloroadenosine (4 fold) or k-carrageenan (2.5-fold). This suggests that both NK cells and macrophages contribute to control of metastatic dissemination. The metastatic potential of these cells is associated with the synthesis of high levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (1). When line 410.4 cells are cultured in vitro in the presence of the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor indomethacin (INDO) 1 microM) their subsequent lung colonization ability (experimental metastasis) is reduced by 50-90% as compared to solvent-treated cells. The inhibitory effect of INDO is highly dependent on the presence of asGM1 positive cells, and is compromised to a lesser extent by treatments directed towards macrophages. The INDO-mediated inhibition is neither due to differential arrest of tumor cells in the lung nor does it appear to be due to shifts in the replication cycle. PMID- 3163813 TI - [Angiographic evaluation of the response of osteosarcoma to neoadjuvant chemotherapy]. AB - Modern therapeutic osteosarcoma protocols, including both pre- and post-operative cycles of chemotherapy, have helped improving the quality of the prognosis and marking the local control of the neoplasm more reliable, with a subsequent increase in conservative surgery. Angiographic results of the chemotherapeutic response in 76 patients with primitive high-grade bone osteosarcoma are reported. The need to repeat angiographic controls under the same technical conditions is emphasized. The comparison of the above findings with data from the histological evaluation of the specimen, shows that angiography is a reliable means of evaluating the response to chemotherapy. Angiography is thus emphasized as a valid method in an early evaluation of the efficacy of chemotherapy. PMID- 3163814 TI - [Dilated cardiomyopathy. Role of radioisotope technics]. AB - Radionuclide techniques are easily obtainable, noninvasive examinations that provide useful information in the evaluation, diagnosis and management of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The gated blood pool scan allows the assessment of ventricular size, configuration, and wall and septal thickness. These data allow the functional class of the cardiomyopathy (congestive, restrictive or hypertrophic) to be defined. Often Thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging adds further information and is particularly useful in distinguishing congestive cardiomyopathy from severe coronary artery disease and in depicting septal abnormalities in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Useful as these techniques are, they are not substitutes for conventional approaches to diagnosis. Careful history taking and physical examination, as well as scrutiny of the electrocardiogram, chest X-ray and echocardiogram should be standard practice for the evaluation of patients with suspected cardiomyopathy. Judicious use of noninvasive techniques may obviate the need for cardiac catheterization in many patients. PMID- 3163815 TI - Tissue concentrations of CEA and CA 19-9 in the carcinogenesis of colorectal carcinoma exemplified by the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. AB - To study the behavior of the tumor-associated antigens CEA and CA 19-9 in colorectal carcinogenesis, exemplified by the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, their tissue concentrations were measured in adenomas of different size and histology and compared with those found in normal colonic mucosa and carcinoma. Both in the case of monoclonal and polyclonal CEA assay, significantly higher concentrations were found in the adenoma tissue as compared with normal mucosa. Carcinomas revealed, on average, an even higher tissue CEA level, but the concentrations measured showed considerable scatter. In the adenoma group, the villous lesions and those with severe cellular atypia were characterized by markedly higher CEA concentrations, reflecting their special position in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. In the case of CA 19-9, too, an increase in tissue concentrations from normal mucosa through adenoma to carcinoma was observed. In contrast, among the adenomas of different histologies and dysplasia no differences were observed. These findings fit with the concept of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence which, in our opinion, represents a suitable model for studying the significance of tumor associated antigens in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer and its precursors. PMID- 3163816 TI - [Apropos of 30 cases of primary fibrositis treated by eutonia]. PMID- 3163819 TI - Workshop on Prostatic Physiology. 26 January 1987, Copenhagen, Denmark. Proceedings. PMID- 3163818 TI - [Third generation cephalosporins, monobactams and carbapenems]. PMID- 3163817 TI - Responses of neurologic complications of AIDS to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and 9 (1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) guanine. I. Clinical features. AB - Fourteen patients with AIDS were treated for 23 neurologic complications: four episodes of acute meningoencephalitis; eight episodes of subacute encephalopathy; two cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; and nine cases of polyneuropathy. Nine patients were treated with 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2 propoxymethyl)guanine (DHPG), one with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), and four initially with DHPG directed against cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis or encephalitis and subsequently with AZT against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy. CMV retinitis was a helpful clinical observation indicating neurologic involvement. DHPG produced improvement in two of three cases of acute meningoencephalitis but was ineffective in cases of subacute encephalopathy or neuropathy. AZT therapy resulted in resolution in both of the two treated cases of acute confusional state and in two of the four treated cases of polyradiculoneuropathy with paraparesis but was ineffective in the late stage of subacute encephalopathy. These results suggest that CMV is important in some cases of acute meningoencephalitis, whereas HIV is a dominant pathogen in subacute dementia and polyneuropathy in patients with AIDS. DHPG may be beneficial in the former, whereas AZT appears to be effective in the latter complications. PMID- 3163820 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging offers new possibilities in investigation of the prostate gland. Current results of imaging and tissue discrimination in the evaluation of prostatic disease are reviewed. Magnetic resonance imaging may be useful in the staging of carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 3163821 TI - Anatomy of the prostate. Aspects of the secretory function in relation to lobar structure. AB - Anatomic studies have shown the prostate to be a heterogeneous organ in which at least three morphologically differing zones or lobes are identifiable. This indicates that the endocrinologic sensitivity of the prostate is not uniform, and that there may also be intraprostatic functional variations. Few studies have so far been done to prove such differences. Although interlobar differences in zinc content have been observed, their significance is not clear. The field is therefore open for further studies concerning both the anatomic and the functional heterogeneity of the human prostate. PMID- 3163822 TI - Clinical application of prostatic markers. II. Circulating tumour markers in diagnosis and treatment. AB - Acid phosphatase in serum has been used for half a century as a circulating marker in prostatic disease. Recently new proteins have been introduced as potential markers to replace acid phosphatase. Neither acid phosphatase nor the alternative markers are of clinical value in the detection and classification of prostatic neoplasms, though they are of some value for monitoring the course of disease and its response to treatment. Important questions concerning the biology of the tumour markers in regard to site of origin, secretion and turnover remain to be answered. PMID- 3163825 TI - Is sodium restriction necessary for the antihypertensive treatment in patients with chronic renal failure? PMID- 3163824 TI - Effects of dietetic manipulation on the control of blood pressure and on the progression of chronic renal insufficiency. PMID- 3163823 TI - Symposium on the Role of Hypertension in the Progression of Renal Disease. Third scientific meeting of the European Study Group for the Conservative Management of Chronic Renal Failure. 20-22 May 1987, Goteborg, Sweden. Proceedings. PMID- 3163828 TI - Effects of felodipine in patients with refractory hypertension and progressive renal disease. PMID- 3163826 TI - Influence of hypertension on the rate of progression of chronic renal failure. PMID- 3163827 TI - Glomerular hypertension in the progression of chronic renal failure: role of low protein diet and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. PMID- 3163829 TI - Progression of diabetic nephropathy--a multifactorial process. PMID- 3163830 TI - The role of endocrine changes and of hypertension in the progression of diabetic renal failure in patients following a low protein diet supplemented with essential amino acids and keto-analogues. PMID- 3163831 TI - Antihypertensive treatment postpones end-stage renal failure in diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 3163832 TI - Glomerular filtration rate, hypertension and proteinuria after renal ablation: a long-term follow-up study in kidney donors. PMID- 3163833 TI - Renal function, anemia and blood pressure in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 3163834 TI - The kidney as a target organ in antihypertensive treatment. PMID- 3163835 TI - The use of registers in the epidemiologic study of rheumatic diseases including planning. Report of a WHO working group, Sweden 25-27 November 1985. PMID- 3163836 TI - [Swiss Society of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 75th annual meeting. Interlaken, 2-4 June 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3163837 TI - [Chemotaxis of peripheral granulocytes in patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis]. PMID- 3163838 TI - [Frequency of periodontal bone loss in adult patients--a roentgenological study]. PMID- 3163839 TI - [Partial fracture of the molar. Treatment of a partial fracture of the molar using a composite for posterior teeth and a glass ionomer base filling]. PMID- 3163840 TI - [Alveolar ridge augmentation. Augmentative alveolar ridge surgery using hydroxyapatite]. PMID- 3163841 TI - [Case report. Preprosthetic surgery]. PMID- 3163842 TI - [Relations with drug-dependent patients in dental practice. Interview by Kurt Venner]. PMID- 3163843 TI - [Critical observations on the article "Consumption alloys in the fissure corrosion test"]. PMID- 3163844 TI - [Effect of the soft laser on the neoformation of a dentin bridge following direct pulp capping of human teeth with calcium hydroxide. I. Histological study with the scanning electron microscope]. PMID- 3163845 TI - [Structural characteristics of the inorganic dentin walls of the pulp in young and older subjects]. PMID- 3163846 TI - [Osteoplastic maxillary sinus surgery. Technic and results]. PMID- 3163847 TI - Mapping by X-ray zapping. PMID- 3163848 TI - A model-based estimate of the mean incubation period for AIDS in homosexual men. AB - Because of the difficulty in identifying the date of exposure to type 1 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in persons other than transfusion recipients, studies of the incubation periods for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been limited. When data from a cohort of 84 homosexual and bisexual men that provided the information to determine the years of conversion of sera infected with HIV-1 were analyzed, a model for the proportion likely to develop AIDS and the incubation period for AIDS in homosexual men could be derived. The maximum likelihood estimate for the proportion of infected homosexual men developing AIDS is 0.99 (90% confidence interval ranging from 0.38 to 1). Furthermore, the maximum likelihood estimate for the mean incubation period for AIDS in homosexual men is 7.8 years (90% confidence interval ranging from 4.2 years to 15.0 years), which is close to the estimate of 8.2 years for adults developing transfusion-associated AIDS. PMID- 3163849 TI - Etiology of AIDS. PMID- 3163850 TI - Losing AIDS antibodies. PMID- 3163851 TI - Osteosarcoma in fibrous dysplasia. AB - Two cases are reported with osteosarcomatous transformation in fibrous dysplasia, one in the skull and one in the iliac bone. In both cases the patient was known to have longstanding polyostotic fibrous dysplasia; no radiation therapy was ever given. The incidence of sarcomatous transformation in fibrous dysplasia in the files of the Netherlands Committee on Bone Tumours is 0.5%. When strict criteria for spontaneous malignant transformation are used, the actual incidence is probably lower than is suggested. PMID- 3163853 TI - Management of the chronic leukemias. PMID- 3163852 TI - Case report 479: Idiopathic healing infarct of bone simulating osteosarcoma. PMID- 3163854 TI - [Biotechnology for the improvement of disease resistance]. AB - Although satisfactory results in regard to genetic resistance may be obtained by classical breeding methods (selection and cross-breeding), there are considerable drawbacks to these techniques because of the number of generations of selection and the cost of challenge tests. Using the present knowledge of the immunology and pathology of Marek's disease, the genetic basis and the association with the B locus (the Major Histocompatibility Complex in chicken), it is possible to improve genetic resistance to Marek's by biotechnological methods today. The hybridisation technique and DNA studies will be helpful in rapidly tracing resistant birds. Resistant genes may be isolated by DNA studies and transferred to birds in which these genes are absent. The birds which came into possession of these genes have the advantage that other, undesirable genetic material was not transmitted by cross-breeding. The example provided by the use of biotechnological techniques in Marek's disease may also serve for other forms of disease and other farm animals. PMID- 3163855 TI - [Significance of recurrence in children with acute lymphatic leukemia]. AB - Relapse is the main obstacle on the way to cure in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In a retrospective study the influence of some prognostic factors and the prognosis have been evaluated in children with an isolated bone marrow relapse and an isolated CNS relapse. The median survival in 152 children with an isolated bone marrow relapse was 13.3 months. Favourable prognostic factors were: duration of first complete remission (CR) longer than 24 months, age at diagnosis between 2 and 6 years, initial leucocyte count below 50 X 10(9)/l, re-induction treatment with four drugs and the institution of a second central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis. The most important prognostic factor was the duration of the first CR. The median survival in 140 children with a CNS relapse was 25 months. Favourable prognostic factors were: duration of first CR more than 24 months, age at diagnosis between 2 and 10 years, initial leucocyte count below 10 X 10(9)/l and a low blast count at the time of diagnosis of CNS relapse. The estimated survival in children with bone marrow relapse as well as in children with CNS relapse is less than 20%. IN CONCLUSION: with current treatment regimens both bone marrow and CNS relapse have a very poor prognosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3163856 TI - [Cognitive functions and school achievement of children who were treated for acute lymphatic leukemia at a young age]. AB - Neuropsychologic tests were performed in 40 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. They all had been treated at a young age with systemic chemotherapy, cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate. The test results showed a high risk for learning disabilities. Visual motor integration problems were present early after cessation of treatment, but most cognitive defects became apparent about 2 years after stopping therapy. At that time 23% (9/40) of the children required special school types and 30% (12/40) needed additional help within their residential school. Problems with arithmetic were most prominent. Future study of patients who did not receive prophylactic irradiation of the brain will help to clarify the potential causative role of cranial irradiation in these cognitive defects. PMID- 3163857 TI - Association between HLA antigens and periodontal disease. AB - HLA-A, B and DR antigen frequencies were determined in three groups of periodontally diagnosed subjects: 49 patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis, 40 elderly subjects with minimal disease (considered as a resistant group) and 30 young subjects with minimal disease. The relative risk for HLA-A9 (previously reported to be associated with periodontal disease) was 15.5. HLA-A9 was present in 36.7% of the patients and 2.5% of the resistant group. HLA-A10 showed a significantly increased incidence in the resistant group (30.0%) compared to a non-periodontally diagnosed control population (9.0%), and was absent from the patient group. These findings provide additional evidence for the involvement of HLA-A9 in susceptibility to periodontitis, and suggest that A10 may play a role in resistance to the disease. PMID- 3163858 TI - Absence of HLA linkage in a family with osteitis deformans (Paget's disease of bone). AB - HLA genotyping was carried out on a two-generation family with familial osteitis deformans. No evidence of major histocompatibility linkage of the disease could be demonstrated. PMID- 3163859 TI - HLA antigens in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - HLA-A, B, and C phenotypes of 88 white and 14 black patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were compared with those of 3761 white and 660 black laboratory population controls, and HLA-DR phenotypes were compared with 742 white and 236 black controls from the same population. Several statistically significant associations were found, one of which (a strongly positive association with Cw6 for whites) persisted after correction for the number of antigens tested. PMID- 3163860 TI - Study of HLA antigens in a population of Mali (West Africa). AB - Eighty-two healthy individuals have been typed for HLA-A, B, C, antigens, and 49 of them also for HLA DR alleles. They were a sample representative of 11 of the 14 Malian ethnic groups living in the area of Bamako (Mali). Phenotypic frequencies have been compared to those of other Negroid and Caucasoid reference populations. As expected, in Negroids the increased frequency of HLA A23, A28, A30, and ATh was confirmed in the present series. Additionally, a significantly increased frequency of HLA B5 (B51 and Bw52) was noted--already observed in some but not all Negroid populations. Conversely, a decreased frequency--compared with that usually found in Negroid population--was observed for the alleles Bw42, Bw58, Cw6, and DRw6. Our results underline the originality of the Malian population among Western Africans. PMID- 3163861 TI - [Karyotype analysis of clone L929 murine fibroblasts by using differential chromosome staining]. AB - Karyological analysis of mouse fibroblasts L929 has been carried out using the differential staining of chromosomes (44-58% of the total chromosome number), and their derivatives, i.e. markers of the particular clone. Normal, non-rearranged chromosomes are mainly present in 1-3 copies, while the markers are available as a single copy only. The frequency of occurrence of diverse chromosomes differs from cell to cell, the total number of chromosomes in the cells being not constant. The modal class consists of 62-64 chromosomes. Two new chromosome markers were found after a repeated karyological analysis one year after the cultivation of cells under the standard conditions. A possible role of some chromosome aberrations in the process of transformation of mouse fibroblasts is discussed. The particular attention is given to alteration of chromosome 15. PMID- 3163862 TI - [HIV infection and AIDS. Paris, 25-29 January 1988]. PMID- 3163864 TI - [Zidovudin (Retrovir). A new antiviral agents against human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV)]. PMID- 3163863 TI - [Urinary retention treated with prostaglandin]. PMID- 3163865 TI - [Evaluation of diagnostic and prognostic parameters and their use in HIV test methods]. PMID- 3163866 TI - HIV seropositivity and blood donations in Paris 1985-1987. PMID- 3163868 TI - [To invest in the office or not?]. PMID- 3163867 TI - [Scleromyxedema therapy with isotretinoin]. AB - We report on a 56-year-old male patient suffering from scleromyxedema, who was successfully treated with isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid, Roaccutan). After 10 months therapy, we observed considerable reduction of the cutaneous infiltration and the skin thickening; the papular eruptions had almost completely disappeared. The mobility of the joints, however, could only be slightly improved. PMID- 3163869 TI - [Dental evaluation: caries in bakers--an occupational disease?]. PMID- 3163871 TI - [Caries therapy and performance reliability]. PMID- 3163870 TI - [Allergy to denture materials]. PMID- 3163872 TI - Modern trends in anaesthesia. An international workshop. Basle, Switzerland, February 20, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3163873 TI - Visual evoked responses in hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies. AB - The P2 latency of the pattern reversal visual evoked response was measured in 11 patients with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN). The P2 latency was inversely related to the peripheral nerve conduction velocity, but no significant relation was found between the P2 latency and the age of the patients or the duration of their symptoms. When the whole group was considered the mean P2 latency was longer but not significantly different from a control group. When the 11 patients were differentiated into HMSN I (5 males) and HMSN II (2 females, 4 males) the P2 latencies of the patients with HMSN I were significantly longer than those with HMSN II. The data support earlier findings that subclinical involvement of the optic nerve may occur in HMSN and suggest that measurement of P2 latency may be of value in the differentiation of HMSN. More than two subtypes, however, may exist. PMID- 3163874 TI - Present criteria for the diagnosis of in vivo of olivopontocerebellar atrophy. AB - We present 6 cases of olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) of Dejerine-Thomas type. The diagnosis was based on an appropriate clinical picture, anomalous brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and computerized tomography (CT) and/or magnetic nuclear resonance (MNR) imaging which demonstrated atrophy of the cerebellum and the pons. We believe that these methods will provide greater uniformity in the diagnosis of such an heterogeneous entity as OPCA. PMID- 3163875 TI - [Clinical reevaluation of ofloxacin (OFLX) in urinary tract infections]. AB - The clinical efficacy of the new quinolone antibacterial agent ofloxacin (OFLX) on urinary tract infections (UTI) was reevaluated. A 400-600 mg dose per day of OFLX was administered to 85 adult patients with various kinds of UTI. OFLX was effective clinically in 92.6% of the patients with acute UTI without urinary tract complications. In 81.8% of the patients with chronic complicated UTI because of organic or functional urinary tract disorders, OFLX was effective. This drug also has a marked bacteriological efficacy. No side effects or abnormal laboratory findings were seen in any of the patients administered OFLX. PMID- 3163876 TI - [Treatment of complicated urinary tract infections by ofloxacin]. AB - To study the treatment effects of ofloxacin (OFLX) on the patients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTI), OFLX at a daily dose of 600 mg divided into either two or three doses per day, was administered for 14 days to 114 patients with complicated UTI. Among the 114 patients, 67 patients satisfied the criteria for clinical evaluation of complicated UTI. One hundred and one organisms were isolated from these patients' urine. Among them, 82 organisms were eliminated following OFLX administration. Twenty organisms appeared newly by the replacement of organisms. Among them, 6 organisms belonged to Candida sp. As to the overall efficacy of OFLX, an excellent response was seen in 37.3% and sum of efficacy rate was 65.7%. Side effects were observed in 3 of the 114 patients. These results indicate that OFLX is both safe and effective enough to be used for the treatment of the patients associated with complicated UTI. PMID- 3163877 TI - Preferences in continuing education. PMID- 3163878 TI - AIDS in Indiana. PMID- 3163879 TI - Zinc supplements and serum lipids in young adult white males. AB - A 12-wk double-blind study was conducted to determine the effect of oral zinc supplementation upon serum total cholesterol, lipoprotein-cholesterol fractions, and serum triglycerides in white males. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups and consumed either a placebo tablet (n = 9), 50 mg Zn/d (n = 13), or 75 mg Zn/d (n = 9) as Zn gluconate. Serum total cholesterol, low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides were not affected by Zn supplements. However, serum high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels in subjects assigned to the 75 mg Zn/d group were significantly lower at weeks 6 and 12 than those for the placebo group and lower at weeks 6, 8, and 12 than at baseline; subjects assigned to the 50 mg Zn/d group had lower serum HDL-cholesterol levels at week 12 than did the placebo group and lower at week 12 than at base line. PMID- 3163880 TI - An American Board of Orthodontics case report. AB - A case report is presented of a Class II, Division 2 malocclusion in the mixed dentition with excess overjet, deep overbite, and mandibular arch-length deficiency. The case was treated to the standards of the American Board of Orthodontics. PMID- 3163882 TI - The relationship between patency of the maxillary sinus and craniofacial growth in the rabbit. AB - Numerous researchers report the interaction between deviant respiratory patterns (airway obstruction) and craniofacial growth. Many of these studies consisted of cephalometric evaluations of children with enlarged adenoids, obstruction turbinates, or other nasal obstructions. Other experimental studies of the airway's influence on growth include studies that have induced nasal obstruction in animals by plugging the external nares. No investigations were found that examined the role of the paranasal sinuses in craniofacial growth by filling a sinus in growing animals. Furthermore, nothing appears in the literature that considers the paranasal sinuses in the oronasopharyngeal functional matrix theory. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to determine the effect of decreasing the pneumatization of the maxillary sinus on ultimate craniofacial growth and development, and (2) to determine the effect on future morphology by obturating a growing sinus. New Zealand white weaning rabbits were used as the experimental animals. Unilateral maxillary sinuses were injected in 18 animals- nine animals were injected on the right side and nine on the left. Eight rabbits served as controls: five received left-side and three right-side sham injections. Dorsal view cephalometric radiographs were taken at (1) the start, (2) at three progress intervals, and (3) at the end of the experiment. Dried skull direct measurements also were performed at the conclusion of the experiment. No statistical significance was found when comparing right and left sides within groups or when comparing any measurement between groups. This demonstrated that filling the maxillary sinuses had no effect on craniofacial growth; the sinuses grew normally in all animals. PMID- 3163881 TI - The effects of force magnitude on a sutural model: a quantitative approach. AB - In an effort to quantify the biologic effects of an orthodontic tensile force, the rat interpremaxillary suture was investigated as a model for the periodontal ligament and expanded in vivo with a helical spring across the maxillary incisors. Three levels of force were used: light (50 to 75 g), medium (150 to 175 g), and heavy (250 to 300 g). Thymidine labeling and histologic studies after 12 hours and 1, 2, and 4 days of force delivery are described (n = 48 rats), as are biochemical studies after 2 and 4 days including a 6-hour organ culture (n = 32). The percentage of labeled cells increased significantly in all force groups at 1 day, followed by a rapid decline at 2 days, to a value at 4 days not significantly different from the controls. Biochemical studies showed significant increases in proline incorporation and alkaline phosphatase activity after 2 days of heavy force application. Histologic examinations showed obvious tissue changes beginning by day 1 and involving increases in suture width, vascularity, size and number of cells, amount of osteoid production, and changes in suture morphology. The experimental system was convenient, inflammation-free, and appeared to be reliable as evidenced by characteristic, synchronous tissue and autoradiographic changes in all experimental sutures through 4 days. PMID- 3163884 TI - Structural responses of orthodontic wires in flexure from a proposed alternative to the existing specification test. AB - To be reaffirmed in 1987 for lack of a ready replacement, the flexural (elastic bending) test protocol of ADA Specification No. 32 is judged inadequate. The protocol is problematic because of potentials for erroneous use of the theoretical component, incompatible with the flexible titanium alloy and multistrand stainless steel wires marketed subsequent to the preparation of the specification, and obscure to the clinician because it dictates quantifications of mechanical (pertaining to material only) rather than structural properties (including wire shape and size influences). A five-point elastic-bending test is proposed that stimulates wire activation toward engagement of a single, malaligned tooth crown. An experimental study was undertaken to determine values of transverse stiffness and corresponding elastic range for a broad sample of orthodontic wires and in the process to evaluate the proposed alternative test. Reduced test results are presented; comparisons of rankings and ratios from available theoretical developments and other experimental outcomes, including findings from the existing standard test, were completed. The difficulties with the existing protocol are largely eliminated with the alternative test; a test fixture and procedures are relatively straightforward to fabricate and follow, and the structural characteristics quantified are more meaningful to the practitioner. PMID- 3163883 TI - Effect of orthodontic force on periodontal tissue metabolism. A histologic and biochemical study in normal and hypocalcemic young rats. AB - The relationship between force and degradation activity after application of orthodontic force is still obscure. Of particular clinical interest are the etiologic factors behind excessive root resorptions appearing in connection with orthodontic movement of teeth that has been proposed to be influenced by systemic factors regulating the tissue-degrading activity in periodontal tissues. Thus, the aim was, by histologic and new biochemical methods, to investigate the effect of orthodontic forces on the periodontal tissues in the normal and the hypocalcemic situation with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Root resorptions were induced in upper incisors of normal and hypocalcemic rats by subjecting the teeth to a moderate orthodontic force. In both groups the resorption of the roots occurred consistently in the vicinity of reorganizing areas of the periodontal ligament (PDL) with ongoing degradative activities and alveolar bone resorption. Furthermore, specific cell metabolic changes in alveolar bone and PDL in tension and pressure zones were detected and quantified by biochemical determination of alkaline phosphatase activity. This biochemical quantification of the metabolic changes together with the morphologic observations gave the clinically valuable information that the observed increase in occurrence and severity of root resorptions in moderate hypocalcemia was related to an increase in alveolar bone turnover. This study has shown that root resorptions were clearly related to the degradation process occurring in the vicinity of the hyaline zone and that in the hypocalcemic situation, the increase in root resorptions was related to an enhanced alveolar bone resorption. Thus, factors that minimize the time for resorptive/degradative activity should be discussed in this context rather than force per se. PMID- 3163885 TI - Nitinol arch wire in a simulated oral environment: changes in mechanical properties. AB - Changes in the mechanical properties of a nickel-titanium orthodontic alloy, nitinol (0.016-inch arch wires), were studied in a simulated oral environment across time, at various levels of acidity, and at different amounts of static deflection. Significant decreases in specific mechanical properties were observed in these incubated wires compared with a group kept dry and unstressed. Ultimate tensile strain, modulus of elasticity, and 0.2% yield strength each decreased. Acidity (pH 3 to 7) and amount of deflection (0 to 4 mm in a 10-mm span) did not affect the wire, but there was a significant, monotonic decrease in yield strength with time in the simulated oral environment. By 4 months this measure of susceptibility to permanent deformation increased by 15%. Consequently, long-term use (or reuse) of a nitinol wire may be associated with a modest, but statistically significant, degradation in performance, notably in the limit of the wire's elasticity. PMID- 3163886 TI - Patient noncompliance: are children consistent? PMID- 3163887 TI - Hypertension and sodium-lithium countertransport in Utah pedigrees: evidence for major-locus inheritance. AB - Likelihood analysis was used to test for evidence that an allele at a major locus elevates rates of sodium-lithium countertransport (SLC) in a sample of 1,989 members of 89 Utah pedigrees. The pedigrees were ascertained through two or three sibs who died of stroke before age 74 years (stroke pedigrees), through hypertensive and normotensive probands of the Salt Lake Center of the Hypertension Detection and Followup Program (HDFP pedigrees), or through men who suffered a myocardial infarction before age 55 years (coronary pedigrees). Major locus inheritance could be rejected in the total sample; transmission probability estimates of tau1 = .972, tau2 = .520, tau3 = .185 differed significantly from Mendelian transmission specified by tau1 = 1, tau2 = 1/2, tau3 = 0. However, heterogeneity between ascertainment groups was significant (chi2(18) = 40.06, P less than .01) and justified analysis within subsets of the sample. In the stroke pedigrees, evidence of major-locus inheritance was not found; polygenic heritability was estimated as .647. In the HDFP pedigrees, estimates of tau1 = .987, tau2 = .430, tau3 = .506 differed significantly from Mendelian transmission; the inferred model consisted of a mixture of two distributions incompatible with both Mendelian and environmental transmission but compatible with polygenic inheritance within distributions. In the coronary pedigrees, the hypothesis of Mendelian transmission could not be rejected. In the coronary pedigrees, the evidence supported an incompletely recessive allele with a frequency of .227 which elevated the level of SLC to a mean of .530 mmol/liter RBC/h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3163888 TI - Combined linkage and segregation analysis using regressive models. AB - Regressive models for segregation analysis have been extended to include multivariate data and linked marker loci. The new models have been applied to data from two pedigrees segregating a gene for cardiovascular disease. PMID- 3163889 TI - Models of multilocus recombination: nonrandomness in chiasma number and crossover positions. AB - Cytological evidence indicates that genetic interference can be partitioned into two empirical components: nonrandomness in the number of chiasmata that occur and nonrandomness in the locations of multiple chiasmata. Previous studies have incorporated the first effect into genetic models for analyzing multipoint data. An extension to this approach is presented which allows for the second component of interference by modeling the probability density function of the locations of multiple crossovers. Results of reanalyses of multilocus data for the Drosophila X chromosome show that models that incorporate only the first effect give a better fit to these data than do standard mapping functions and that the extended model significantly improved the fit by decreasing the predicted frequency of multiple crossovers in nearby regions. Our results demonstrate that chiasma-based models of multilocus recombination, which are unique in incorporating direct estimates of the frequency of multiple crossovers for a chromosome region, can provide a powerful and realistic means of accounting for genetic interference when applied to the problems of gene localization, locus ordering, and exclusion mapping. PMID- 3163890 TI - XX true hermaphroditism in southern African blacks: an enigma of primary sexual differentiation. AB - A high incidence of 46,XX true hermaphroditism exists among southern African blacks. The gonadal distribution and clinical presentation of 38 patients are described. The aim of our study on 11 families with histologically proven XX true hermaphroditism was to determine whether a common genetic or environmental etiology could be identified. Pedigree analysis excluded the presence of a simple inheritance pattern, and no constant environmental factors could be implicated. Hybridization studies with Y chromosome--specific probes (pDP132, pDP61, pDP105, pDP31, pDP97, and pY431-HinfA) excluded the presence of a large portion of Yp in these patients. It is possible that smaller portions of the Y chromosome or one or more X-linked or autosomal mutations, either interacting and/or with incomplete penetrance, are present. PMID- 3163893 TI - Clostridium difficile colitis following antiviral therapy in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 3163891 TI - Molecular cytogenetic evidence for amplification of chromosome-specific alphoid sequences at enlarged C-bands on chromosome 6. AB - We have characterized variant centromeric regions of chromosome 6 segregating in two families. The heteromorphism, 6ph+, stains negatively with G- and Q-banding and darkly with C-banding. The variant C-band regions measure two to three times the length of their homologues. The centromeric regions of the variant chromosome 6 and its homologue are not significantly elongated by adding 5-azacytidine to culture. We determined that the amount of the alphoid centromeric repeat 308 (DZ61), which is chromosome 6 specific, is amplified two- to threefold in the genomes of individuals with the 6ph+ variants. In situ hybridization localized the increase in 308 repeats to the 6ph+ region. These results suggest an association between amplification of chromosome-specific alphoid sequences and enlargement of specific C-band regions. PMID- 3163894 TI - Isotretinoin phenocopy. PMID- 3163892 TI - X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: localization within the region Xq11 21.1 by linkage analysis and implications for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. AB - X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (H.E.D.) is a disorder of abnormal morphogenesis of ectodermal structures and is of unknown pathogenesis. Neither relatively accurate carrier detection nor prenatal diagnosis has been available. Previous localization of the disorder by linkage analysis utilizing restriction fragment polymorphisms, by our group and others, has placed the disorder in the general pericentromeric region. We have extended our previous study by analyzing 36 families by means of 10 DNA probes at nine marker loci and have localized the disorder to the region Xq11-Xq21.1, probably Xq12-Xq13. Three loci--DXS159 (theta = .01, z = 14.84), PGK1 (theta = .02, z = 13.44), and DXS72 (theta = .02, z = 11.38)--show very close linkage to the disorder, while five other pericentromeric loci (DXS146, DXS14, DXYS1, DXYS2, and DXS3) display significant but looser linkage. Analysis of the linkage data yields no significant evidence for nonallelic heterogeneity for the X-linked form of the disorder. Both multipoint analysis and examination of multiply informative meioses with known phase establish that the locus for H.E.D. is flanked on one side by the proximal long arm loci DXYS1, DXYS2, and DXS3 and on the other side by the short arm loci DXS146 and DXS14. Multipoint mapping could not resolve the order of H.E.D. and the three tightly linked loci. This order can be inferred from published data on physical mapping of marker loci in the pericentromeric region, which have utilized somatic cell hybrid lines established from a female with severe manifestations of H.E.D., and an X/9 translocation (breakpoint Xq13.1). If one assumes that the breakpoint of the translocation is within the locus for H.E.D. and that there has not been a rearrangement in the hybrid line, then DXS159 would be proximal to the disorder and PGK1 and DXS72 would be distal to the disorder. Both accurate carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis are now feasible in a majority of families at risk for the disorder. PMID- 3163895 TI - HIV antibodies--not virus--in immune globulins. PMID- 3163896 TI - Retinal artery occlusion associated with tranexamic acid therapy. PMID- 3163897 TI - The conversion of cefoxitin usage to cefotetan: an interdisciplinary approach. PMID- 3163898 TI - Cefotetan: summary of the symposium from an internist's viewpoint. PMID- 3163899 TI - Cefotetan: a perspective for the surgical patient. AB - The data have shown that cefotetan has comparable clinical effectiveness when compared with cefoxitin in surgical prophylaxis and in patients with mild-to moderate polymicrobial infection. This experience has consistently focused on the longer serum elimination half-life of cefotetan, which allows the antibiotic to be given less often than shorter half-life alternatives. A more extensive experience in seriously ill patients is necessary to further address 1) the use of cefotetan as an alternative to combination antibiotic therapy; 2) the risks of the anaerobic DOT group or enterococcal failure; and 3) potential clinical expression of any bleeding diathesis. The initial clinical experience reported herein appears favorable. PMID- 3163900 TI - Kinetics and action of N-methylthiotetrazole in volunteers and patients. Population-based clinical comparisons of antibiotics with and without this moiety. AB - Normal volunteers and patients were studied to determine the relative importance of NMTT and patient risk factors in the production of hypoprothrombinemia. The normal volunteers demonstrated in vivo NMTT production, but the order of magnitude (cefoperazone, moxalactam, and cefotetan in descending order) was different from the usual order of clinical risk. In patients, there was not a NMTT-concentration-versus-effect relationship. Patients who were vitamin K deficient were more sensitive to lower NMTT concentrations than those with normal vitamin K status. In surveillance studies, NMTT-containing antibiotics were nor more frequently associated with hypoprothrombinemia or bleeding than antibiotics that lack this moiety. PMID- 3163901 TI - A multicenter study of the in vitro antianaerobic activity of cefotetan compared with other antimicrobial agents. AB - The in vitro antianaerobic activity of cefotetan was compared with that of chloramphenicol, clindamycin, cefoxitin, and penicillin in a multicenter study. Both agar dilution and broth microdilution testing procedures, as described by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS), were employed; a total of 1,377 strains were examined. Results were interpreted using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration- and NCCLS-recommended criteria. This study indicates that Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium difficile, and most other clinically significant anaerobic bacteria are susceptible to cefotetan. PMID- 3163902 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of cefotetan and cefoxitin in patients undergoing hysterectomies and colorectal operations. AB - Forty patients undergoing hysterectomy and 16 patients undergoing colorectal surgery were given intravenous 2 g doses of cefotetan (20 in the hysterectomy group and 8 in the colorectal group) or cefoxitin (20 in the hysterectomy and 8 in the colorectal group) before surgery. Serum samples were obtained simultaneously with tissue samples. Concentrations of each drug in serum and tissue were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. In both experiments, the composite drug concentration profile as a function of time in serum was consistent with that observed in nonsurgical patients; that is, a half-life of approximately 3.5 hours and 0.8 hours for cefotetan and cefoxitin, respectively. This also was true of tissue kinetics, in that tissue profiles appeared parallel to, but somewhat lower than, serum. At 20 minutes after administration, the peak myometrium concentration was 158 micrograms/g for cefotetan, and the corresponding serum concentration was 298 micrograms/ml. For cefoxitin, the corresponding values were 66 micrograms/g and 101 micrograms/ml. At 47 minutes, the cefotetan tissue and serum concentrations were 29 micrograms/g and 235 micrograms/ml respectively, and the corresponding values for cefoxitin were 15 micrograms/g and 43 micrograms/ml. Similar relationships were observed with these drugs in colorectal tissue. Although both antibiotics provide good concentrations during the early phase of surgery, cefotetan's concentrations persisted longer, which may be relevant in the prevention of infection in prolonged surgical procedures. PMID- 3163903 TI - Relationship between the bovine major histocompatibility complex (BoLA), erythrocyte markers and susceptibility to mastitis in Icelandic cattle. AB - Milk and blood samples were obtained from three Icelandic dairy herds. The herds were monitored regularly for mastitis incidence. Cell counts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and antitrypsin levels of the milk samples were recorded. In addition, red cell and BoLA typing were performed on the blood. Although cell counts and ATP levels showed significant associations with mastitis, antitrypsin levels did not. Red blood cell antigens N'2 and S1 and the lymphocyte antigen detected by the monoclonal antibody M7 were associated with low cell counts, whilst BoLA w6 and w6.1 were associated with high cell counts. BoLA w6.2 and w11 showed significant association with high antitrypsin levels. Only ED116 showed a significant association with mastitis. PMID- 3163904 TI - Effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha on degranulation of bovine luteal cells on days 4 and 12 of the estrous cycle. AB - Corpora lutea were collected from 18 beef heifers on day 4 or 12 of the estrous cycle, 1 hour after prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha or saline (control) treatment. Five heifers also were treated with PGF2 alpha on day 4, but their corpora lutea were not collected until day 12. The relative percentage of cytoplasm occupied by granules decreased only in large luteal cells (LLC) in heifers given PGF2 alpha on day 12, compared with the percentage in controls. Small luteal cells (SLC) were not as affected. The luteal concentration of progesterone was similarly decreased only in heifers given PGF2 alpha on day 12. Treatment of heifers with PGF2 alpha on day 4 had no marked effect on progesterone values or on the relative percentage of cytoplasm occupied by granules in LLC or SLC. Seemingly, LLC were more responsive to PGF2 alpha than were SLC, and PGF2 alpha treatment of beef heifers at day 4 did not markedly impair luteal function. PMID- 3163905 TI - Zidovudine overdosage. PMID- 3163906 TI - Uveomeningoencephalitis in a human immunodeficiency virus type 2-seropositive patient. AB - A 35-year-old woman developed longstanding uveitis and later a uveomeningoencephalitis of unknown origin and died of toxoplasmal brain abscesses. The presence of immunological impairment, human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) seropositivity, and multinucleated cells in the brain led us to suspect neurotropic properties for HIV-2 similar to those of HIV-1. PMID- 3163907 TI - Purification and characterization of human renal dehydropeptidase I. AB - Dehydropeptidase I from human kidney was purified over 100-fold. The purified enzyme had an isoelectric point of 4.75, apparent molecular weights of 135,000 by gel filtration and of 66,500 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and an optimal pH of 7.4. Human renal dehydropeptidase I hydrolyzed imipenem, carpetimycins A and B, and Sch 29,482. PMID- 3163909 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus testing studied. PMID- 3163908 TI - In vitro activity of cefotetan compared with that of other antimicrobial agents against anaerobic bacteria. AB - The activity of cefotetan against 430 strains of anaerobic bacteria was compared with that of cefoxitin, ceftizoxime, clindamycin, metronidazole, and chloramphenicol. Percent susceptible values for the Bacteroides fragilis group were 60, 80, 29, 86, 100, and 100%, respectively. Percent susceptible values for the B. fragilis species were 91, 92, 46, 98, 100, and 100%, respectively. Non-B. fragilis-group Bacteroides species were inhibited very well (90 to 100%) by all drugs except ceftizoxime (80%). Cefotetan and metronidazole were the most active agents against Clostridium difficile. Percent susceptible values for all strains were 72, 79, 44, 82, 93, and 98%, respectively. PMID- 3163910 TI - The question of chymase in cultured muscle cells. AB - An alkaline proteinase, identical to mast cell chymase, has been described by a number of laboratories as being associated with myofibrils extracted from adult rat skeletal muscle tissue. A more recent study has indicated that chymase may be an intrinsic protein in the rat myocyte. The present study of rat myogenic cell lines, using more stringent controls and a probe of more highly defined specificity, supports the view that (i) chymase originates from mast cells of the interstitium and (ii) chymase from mast cells becomes adsorbed to myofibrils of adult muscle during homogenization of this complex tissue. PMID- 3163911 TI - Birth defects caused by isotretinoin--New Jersey. PMID- 3163912 TI - Exacerbation of psoriasis by the hypolipidemic agent, gemfibrozil. PMID- 3163913 TI - [The All-Union methodological seminar on "Cellular engineering of antibiotic producers"]. PMID- 3163914 TI - [The factors of genetic instability of Streptomyces and their use in genetics and selection practice]. PMID- 3163915 TI - [Biotechnology--science or industrial medium?]. PMID- 3163916 TI - Xanthine oxidase activity in intestinal tumors induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride. AB - 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-induced large bowel tumors in adult male rats contained significantly lower levels of xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase activities when compared to levels in normal intestinal tissue. Xanthine dehydrogenase activity in the blood serum of DMH-treated rats was significantly higher than that of the control animals. PMID- 3163917 TI - Eosinophilia as precursor of acute myelomonocytic leukemia. PMID- 3163918 TI - Planned introductions of engineered organisms: wisdom from the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. PMID- 3163919 TI - Cooperative effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on growth inhibition, differentiation, and c-myc reduction in human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60. AB - The simultaneous addition of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF alpha) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) synergistically induced growth inhibition and differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL 60. A significantly greater reduction in c-myc mRNA level was also observed after a 20-h combined treatment with rTNF-alpha and 1,25-(OH)2D3 than was observed following administration of either agent alone. These results suggest that rTNF alpha and 1,25-(OH)2D3 induce HL-60 cell growth inhibition through different molecular mechanisms, and that their simultaneous administration could provide a new approach to the treatment of cancer. PMID- 3163920 TI - Developmental changes in the structural organization of the lectin discoidin I detected by limited proteolysis. AB - Digestion of discoidin I with several proteolytic enzymes reveals the existence of structural domains in this lectin. Significative differences have been detected in the pattern of fragments generated by V8 protease on discoidin I of various developmental situations. The changes observed can be related to the presence of various types of tetrameric structures in discoidin I. Together with the presence of different types of isoforms in vegetative vs. differentiated cells, the results presented here suggest the involvement of different structural organizations in discoidin I which can be related to the biological functions of this lectin. PMID- 3163921 TI - Role for protein kinase C in the modulation of glomerular PGE2 production by angiotensin II. AB - Angiotensin II increased PGE2 release from superfused glomeruli, and stimulated labeled inositol phosphate production. 12-O-Tetradecanoyl phorbol -13-acetate (TPA, 10(-7) M), which stimulates protein kinase C activity in soluble fractions of glomerular homogenates, suppressed angiotensin II actions on inositol phosphate production and PGE2. By contrast, 4a phorbol 12,13 di-decanoate and phorbol had no effect on protein kinase C activity or angiotensin II induced increases in inositol phosphate or PGE2. 1-(5-Isoquinolinyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), which inhibits protein kinase C activity in soluble fractions of glomerular homogenates, prevented TPA induced suppression of angiotensin II actions on inositol phosphate production and PGE2. Moreover H-7 prolonged the time course of angiotensin II induced inositol phosphate production and enhanced angiotensin II actions on glomerular PGE2 production. The results support a role for inositol phospholipid hydrolysis through the phospholipase C pathway in the mediation of angiotensin II actions on PGE2 in glomeruli and are consistent with negative modulation of these actions by protein kinase C. PMID- 3163922 TI - Multiple ionic forms of ornithine decarboxylase differ in degree of phosphorylation. AB - Two major ionic forms of ornithine decarboxylase were separated by column chromatography of extracts of kidneys from androgen-treated male CD-1 mice on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, and purified individually to apparent homogeneity. On SDS PAGE, a single major protein band of Mr 50000 was present in each. When incubated with casein kinase II, purified from rat liver cytosol, only one form of the enzyme, which represented 20% of the total ornithine decarboxylase in the tissue, became phosphorylated. The major form, which was eluted later from the column, could be phosphorylated only after treatment with alkaline phosphatase, indicating that the phosphatase removed enzyme-bound phosphate already attached at the casein kinase II phosphorylation site. Evidence for the occurrence of a phosphorylated form of the enzyme in kidneys of dexamethasone-treated rats is also presented. PMID- 3163924 TI - Single amino acid changes which alter the sequence specificity of the T4 (Dam) DNA-adenine methyltransferase. PMID- 3163923 TI - Phorbol esters stimulate the potassium-induced release of cholecystokinin from slices of cerebral cortex, caudato-putamen and hippocampus incubated in vitro. AB - Incubation of slices of caudato-putamen, cerebral cortex and hippocampus for 5 to 15 minutes with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) increased potassium evoked cholecystokinin (CCK) release from 139% to 296% of control. The inactive 4 alpha phorbol and 4 alpha PDB did not alter CCK release. None of the active or inactive phorbols tested altered basal CCK release. These results suggest that there may be similarities in the regulation of CCK release in different brain regions. Although the physiological factors which regulate CCK release may differ in these tissues, it is possible that their common action is mediated by the products of inositol phospholipid turnover. PMID- 3163925 TI - Fluorescence stopped-flow kinetic analysis of anthracyclines-DNA interaction. PMID- 3163927 TI - Interaction of nucleosomes with anthracycline antibiotics: relevance to anticancer activity. PMID- 3163926 TI - Detection of the effects of intercalating and non-intercalating drugs on DNA structure. PMID- 3163928 TI - Do quinolones bind to DNA? PMID- 3163929 TI - 'Inhalation sedation with isoflurane: an alternative to nitrous oxide sedation in dentistry'. PMID- 3163930 TI - Has occlusal caries become more difficult to diagnose? A study comparing clinically undetected lesions in molar teeth of 14-16-year old children in 1974 and 1982. PMID- 3163932 TI - Myelodysplastic relapse of de novo acute myeloid leukaemia with trilineage myelodysplasia: a previously unrecognized correlation. AB - We describe the occurrence of an unusual mode of relapse in six of 24 patients who presented with de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) associated with trilineage myelodysplasia (TMDS). After the induction of complete remission (CR) by intensive chemotherapy in five patients and following bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in one, the myelodysplastic state, but not overt AML, recurred. Relapse of myelodysplasia occurred at a median of 147 weeks (50-520) from presentation and in two instances was followed a year later by AML. In five cases, myelodysplastic relapse was treated with low-dose cytosine arabinoside given alone or with other chemotherapeutic agents. Three patients remain in CR after 1, 2 and 5 years. The reappearance of myelodysplastic features in these six patients was strongly correlated with the presence of TMDS at presentation of the AML. It was not observed once in the 136 AML patients, treated similarly, who did not have associated TMDS at presentation (P less than 0.001). Thus, relapse with myelodysplasia is not an effect of chemotherapy as has been previously postulated. PMID- 3163931 TI - Topical prostaglandin E2 in the treatment of chronic leg ulcers--a pilot study. AB - The results of treatment with topical PGE2 dispersed in hydrocolloid granules, in nine patients with chronic leg ulcers is reported. The healing process was evaluated by stereophotogrammetry, which enables objective measurements of ulcer area and volume. Ulcers in eight patients healed completely and that in the ninth, almost completely. These results suggest that topical PGE2 has a beneficial effect in the treatment of leg ulcers. PMID- 3163933 TI - Morphologic, immunologic and cytogenetic (MIC) working classification of the acute myeloid leukaemias. Second MIC Cooperative Study Group. PMID- 3163934 TI - Effects of in vivo and in vitro administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha on lipoprotein utilization in cultured bovine luteal cells. AB - Two experiments were conducted to determine if a loss in the ability to utilize lipoprotein-cholesterol is one mechanism whereby prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) decreases steroidogenesis in bovine luteal cells. In the first experiment, serum-free cultures of bovine luteal cells were treated with PGF2 alpha (100 ng/ml) for 5 days prior to addition of lipoproteins. Exposure to PGF2 alpha completely suppressed low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-stimulated progesterone production (p less than 0.01) compared to control (no PGF2 alpha) cultures. Luteal cells cultured in the presence of LDL + luteinizing hormone (LH, 10 ng/ml) + PGF2 alpha produced significantly less progesterone than luteal cells cultured with LDL + LH (p less than 0.05). Treatment with PGF2 alpha had no significant effect on HDL + LH-stimulated progesterone synthesis. In the second experiment, cows were injected with a luteolytic dose of PGF2 alpha (25 mg), and the corpora lutea were removed at 0 (no PG), 1, 4, or 12 h post-injection. Dissociated luteal cells were placed in culture for 7 days, either with or without LH (10 ng/ml), and lipoproteins were added on Days 5-7. LH stimulation of progesterone production was apparent in cultures obtained at 0 and 12 (p less than 0.05) but not 1 and 4 h post-PGF2 alpha. Addition of either LDL or HDL increased progesterone synthesis in all cultures, regardless of time following in vivo administration of PGF2 alpha. It is concluded that PGF2 alpha can inhibit bovine luteal cell utilization of either LDL or HDL in vitro. However, luteal cell utilization of lipoproteins in vitro is not adversely affected by in vivo exposure to PGF2 alpha, if collected within 12 h post-PGF2 alpha. PMID- 3163935 TI - Turkey acrosin. I. Isolation, purification, and partial characterization. AB - Acrosin was extracted from turkey spermatozoa by use of urea together with sonication and freezing, and purified approximately 18-fold by sequential use of chromatofocusing and affinity chromatography. The use of chromatofocusing for the initial purification step proved to be superior to preparative isoelectric focusing. Similar to acrosin from many mammalian species, turkey acrosin was found to be a glycoprotein possessing characteristics of serine proteases. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of the enzyme indicated the presence of two isozymes. Sodium-dodecyl sulfate PAGE under reducing conditions revealed three subunits with approximate molecular weights of 11,700, 13,900, and 15,900. PMID- 3163936 TI - A new means of ventilation. The negative impedance respirator. PMID- 3163937 TI - Analysis of hemin-induced protection of human hemopoietic cells from the cytotoxic effects of anthracyclines. AB - Experiments were performed with K562 erythroleukemia cells to further characterize the observation that hemin protects hemopoietic cells from the cytotoxic effects of anthracycline drugs. The present studies demonstrate that this protective effect of hemin applies only to anthracyclines and not to other classes of antineoplastic agents. Hemin interferes with the cellular accumulation of various anthracyclines, as measured by cytofluorography, and prevents binding of anthracyclines to isolated cell nuclei. Exposure of K562 cells to hemin retards the anthracycline-induced arrest of cells at the G2-M interphase of the cell cycle and permits cells to undergo continuing division as demonstrated by clonal growth in plasma clot cultures. Furthermore, hemin decreases the ability of anthracyclines to unwind simian virus 40 supercoiled DNA in vitro. The protective effect of hemin fails to occur if cells have been preincubated with this agent for 72 h before they are exposed to Adriamycin in the absence of hemin. The findings suggest that hemin prevents anthracycline-induced cytotoxicity by acting at several levels. These effects may be mediated by direct interactions of hemin with DNA and perhaps other cellular constituents or by molecular complex formation between hemin and anthracyclines at intracellular sites. PMID- 3163938 TI - Induction of differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL60) by metabolites of hexamethylene bisacetamide. AB - We studied the ability of five metabolites of hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), which we had previously identified in patient urine, to induce differentiation or to influence differentiation induced by HMBA of a human promyelocytic cell line. Differentiation of HL60 cells was quantified by morphological changes and by the ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium. N-Acetyl-1,6-diaminohexane (NADAH), the deacetylated, first metabolite of HMBA, was a more potent inducer of HL60 differentiation than was HMBA. NADAH produced 20-30% differentiation at 0.25 mM and 30-40% differentiation at 0.5 mM. NADAH (1 mM) induced 2-3-fold more differentiation than did 1 mM HMBA. HL60 differentiation, induced by various combinations of HMBA and NADAH, reflected a combined effect of the two compounds. In contrast, 1,6-diaminohexane, at 0.5-5 mM, failed to induce HL60 differentiation. Similarly, 0.5-5 mM 6-acetamidohexanoic acid, the major metabolite of HMBA, and 6-aminohexanoic acid failed to induce differentiation of HL60 cells. However, 6-acetamidohexanoic acid, when combined with HMBA or NADAH at various concentrations and ratios, enhanced the differentiation of HL60 cells induced by these two compounds. This enhancement was most apparent with addition of 0.50-3.0 mM 6-acetamidohexanoic acid to HL60 cells incubated with 1.0-3.0 mM HMBA or 0.25-1.0 mM NADAH. 6-Aminohexanoic acid similarly enhanced HMBA-induced differentiation of HL60 cells. These in vitro results have implications in terms of the clinical application of HMBA and interpretation of the results of clinical trials performed to date and may provide some insight into the mechanism of HMBA induced cellular differentiation. PMID- 3163939 TI - Modulation of 6-thioguanine activity by guanine in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. AB - The effects of guanine coadministration on the metabolism and biological activity of 6-thioguanine (6-TG) were studied in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL 60). Cell growth, cytotoxicity (cloning assay), and cell differentiation were measured, along with nucleotide metabolism. Guanine was efficiently salvaged by HL-60 cells; at 200 microM, guanine suppressed the formation of 6-TG mononucleotides and abolished 6-TG incorporation into nucleic acids. Similarly, guanine antagonized 6-TG cytotoxicity in a dose dependent fashion. Furthermore, guanine (200 microM) fully suppressed the 6-TG (10 microM) induced HL-60 cell differentiation, which suggests that cell differentiation at pharmacological 6-TG concentrations is dependent on the anabolism of the drug to active nucleotides. 6 TG given alone reduced GTP levels and DNA synthesis rates in HL-60 cells, while a major intracellular 6-TG metabolite, 6-thioguanosine 5'-monophosphate, accumulated to high levels (approximately 100 microM). It is suggested that accumulation of 6-thioguanosine 5'-monophosphate and a resultant partial block of the de novo biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides is responsible for 6-TG induced cell differentiation in HL-60 cells. PMID- 3163940 TI - Effect of retinoids on xenotransplanted human mammary carcinoma cells in athymic mice. AB - Previous studies have shown dose-dependent growth inhibition of the human mammary carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231 xenotransplanted in athymic mice using retinol. In this study, the growth inhibitory effect of retinoic acid (RA) and 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) was examined in vitro and in vivo. With both agents there was dose-related growth inhibition in monolayer culture. The MDA-MB-231 cell line was more sensitive in monolayer culture to 13-cis-RA than to RA. Anchorage-independent growth of the MDA-MB-231 cell line was also inhibited by both of these agents but only in a dose-dependent manner with 13-cis-RA. Athymic mice inoculated with MDA-MB-231 human mammary carcinoma cells were treated with various doses of RA and 13-cis-RA for 30 days. RA doses greater than 90 micrograms were clinically toxic to the animals. There was a decrease in tumor size with all doses of RA tested but not in a dose-related fashion. Response at the higher doses of RA may be related to subclinical toxicity. Doses of 13-cis-RA above 300 micrograms were clinically toxic. Unlike RA, there was no statistically significant decrease in tumor size with treatment with 13-cis-RA. These findings show that there is significant reduction in growth in vivo of the human mammary carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231 after treatment with RA. However, in vivo response to the retinoids is not always predicted by in vitro methods. PMID- 3163941 TI - Post-antibiotic effect induced by ofloxacin in both gram-positive and gram negative bacteria. AB - We estimated the relationship of Post Antibiotic Effect (PAE) induced by ofloxacin in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with the Percent Growth Rate Average (PGRA) considered on an increase of 1 log (CFUs/ml). The results showed a good correlation between parameters (0.84, p less than 0.001), and enabled us to find out that the drug-induced effect persisted after the period of time considered in the standard procedure. Where the values of PAE are much greater, the growth curve rates were faster after the apparent termination of the phenomenon. PMID- 3163942 TI - Morphological changes and catalase activity in the hearts of CD 1 mice following acute starvation or single doses of doxorubicin, epirubicin or mitoxantrone. AB - The cardiac morphology of CD 1 mice undergoing two different schedules of acute (5 day) starvation and that of animals treated with a single dose (15 mg/kg i.p.) of doxorubicin, epirubicin or mitoxantrone were studied by light microscopy. Determinations of heart catalase were also carried out. Mice subjected to moderate starvation had a mean weight reduction of 18.7% and did not show heart morphological damage. A slight increase (38%) of heart catalase specific activity occurred in these animals. In animals subjected to severe starvation the weight loss was 32.2%. In this case considerable heart damage, in the form of myofibrillar loss, and a striking increase of catalase (158.5%) were seen. In the drug groups comparable weight reductions (about 15%) occurred 5 days after the treatment. Moderate heart lesions, represented by myolysis and especially by myocytic microvacuolation, were observed and appeared to be of similar degree in the 3 drug groups. Catalase specific activity increased by 119.9% in the doxorubicin animals, by 73% in the epirubicin mice and by 30.3% in the mitoxantrone ones. Light microscopy made it possible to distinguish between cardiac alterations induced by starvation and those specifically induced by antiblastics. Catalase may be helpful to indicate the existence of heart damage but it does not correlate well with the severity of the lesions by antiblastics. An additional cause of heart catalase elevation might be the free radical generation induced by the anthracyclines but not by mitoxantrone. PMID- 3163943 TI - Mechanism of enhancement of the release rate of aclarubicin from poly-beta hydroxybutyric acid microspheres by fatty acid esters. PMID- 3163944 TI - Differentiation induction of human promyelocytic leukemia cells with colletochlorin B and its analogs. PMID- 3163945 TI - [Morphometric studies post mortem on human bodies and in animal experiments as a basis for grafting in the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 3163946 TI - [Dynamic measurements of chewing cycles in patients with heavily dislocated fractures of the condyle neck]. PMID- 3163947 TI - [Filling cystic bone defects with surface-modified alpha-tricalcium phosphate. A clinical, radiographical and histological study]. PMID- 3163948 TI - [Perioperative antibiotic therapy with the application of lyophilized collagen fleece]. PMID- 3163949 TI - [Oral manifestations of candidiasis in HIV-infected patients. Clinical and microbiological studies]. PMID- 3163950 TI - [Orthograde application of cylindrical and tapered Al2O3 ceramic root filling cones for surgical tooth preservation]. PMID- 3163952 TI - [Mesenchymal tumors of the head and neck area]. PMID- 3163951 TI - [Experience with gadolinium-DTPA as contrast medium in tumors of the mouth-jaw face area]. PMID- 3163953 TI - [Mesenchymal soft tissue tumors of the oral cavity. An epidemiologic study]. PMID- 3163954 TI - [Classification of the mesenchymal tumors of the large salivary glands]. PMID- 3163955 TI - [Quantitative changes in the masticatory muscles after unilateral ligature of the common carotid artery]. PMID- 3163956 TI - [Tumors of the peripheral nervous system of the mouth, face and jaws]. PMID- 3163958 TI - Community water fluoridation in Leningrad and Moscow. AB - A total of 47 water samples were obtained over a 3-yr period in the cities of Leningrad and Moscow in the USSR. All the samples had their fluoride content analyzed blindly outside the Soviet Union. A total of three samples had therapeutic levels of fluoride (0.8 ppm or above); all the other 44 samples had fluoride levels of 0.3 ppm or less. PMID- 3163959 TI - Measuring length of exposure to fluoridated water. AB - Previous studies have measured subjects' exposure to fluoridated water in two ways: number of years exposed to fluoridation and a dummy variable indicating the fluoridation status of the subjects' present community. The former assumes that fluoride concentrations of water supplies are constant across years, while the latter assumes subjects have never changed residences. Measurement error may occur when either assumption is not satisfied. These two sources of error may be reduced in a newly developed measure of lifetime fluoridation exposure (LFE) containing residence history and fluoride level elements. The aim of this paper is to examine the accuracy of the three measures. Results reveal that the number of years measure and LFE are highly correlated (0.98) and have similar effects in a regression model, indicating both are valid measures of fluoridation exposure. LFE also appears to be fairly insensitive to measurement error due to inaccurate recall of residence histories. Measuring fluoridation exposure with a dummy variable is not recommended. PMID- 3163957 TI - Wheat germ agglutinin-binding protein changes in highly malignant Friend leukemia cells metastasizing to the liver. AB - We have used binding of radioactive lectins (i.e. Concanavalin A (ConA), Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) and Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCAI)) to membrane glycoproteins separated in SDS gel electrophoresis, to detect specific carbohydrate changes in plasma membrane proteins of in vivo passaged Friend erythroleukemia cells (FLC). These cells are highly metastatic to the liver, whereas the original in vitro passaged tumor cells do not metastasize. Marked qualitative differences in the high molecular weight region of the gels (100-200 kD) were observed between the WGA binding glycoproteins of metastatic in vivo passaged FLC and nonmetastatic in vitro passaged FLC. Furthermore, the binding of WGA to plasma membrane proteins of in vivo passaged FLC was much greater than the binding of WGA to plasma membrane proteins of in vitro passaged FLC. Lectin binding experiments after sialic acid removal by in situ mild acid hydrolysis of FLC glycoproteins indicated that an increased sialylation of the 120 and 145 kD glycoproteins was responsible for the increased WGA reactivity of in vivo passaged FLC plasma membranes. Besides the increased sialylation, other changes in glycosylation of the 100-200 kD glycoproteins of in vivo passaged FLC were observed: (1) qualitative differences between the WGA binding patterns of the two cell types were restored after treatment of the gels with mild acid and subsequent Smith degradation; (2) after chemical removal of sialic acid residues from the gels, qualitative differences in the RCA binding patterns to the glycoproteins of the two cell types were apparent. PMID- 3163961 TI - Patient complaints of dental malpractice in Denmark 1983-86. AB - A system for handling complaints of dental malpractice was established in 1983 in an agreement between the Danish Dental Association and the National Health Insurance. Description is given of the system comprising county dental complaints boards and a national dental complaints board. Reports of all complaints directed to the boards during the first 3 1/2 years were analyzed: 533 complaints to the county boards and 111 appeals to the national board. The complaints corresponded to 5 complaints per 100 dentists per year with considerable regional variation. Most complaints were reported in fixed and removable prosthetics, and most claims were of an economic nature. Almost two-thirds of the complaints were supported by the boards. Themes for further study as well as certain problems concerning consumer satisfaction weighed against the responsibility to survey dentists' work are pointed out. PMID- 3163960 TI - Swedish and Finnish dental practitioners' opinions of their undergraduate education. AB - Recently qualified dentists from a dental school in Stockholm, Sweden (n = 259) and the dental school in Kuopio, Finland (n = 103) were sent a questionnaire designed to obtain information concerning the perceived relevance of their undergraduate education to the practice of dentistry. The response rate was 71% for Stockholm and 82% for Kuopio. Except for minor differences, probably mainly due to economic resources and traditions in choice of treatment, the graduates in the two countries had comparable views of their basic education. In general, clinical dental subjects were highly valued, while basic science subjects but also subjects in medical and behavioral sciences were given low values. Our results indicate that, although prevention and behavioral sciences are stressed more and more in undergraduate education, the practice of clinical dentistry remains essentially unchanged and restorative dentistry is still very highly valued among recent graduates of these two dental schools. PMID- 3163962 TI - Exposure of dentists and assistants to mercury: mercury levels in urine and hair related to conditions of practice. AB - A study of 162 dentists' and their assistants' mercury levels in hair and urine, and of questionnaire items regarding mercury consumption, revealed some striking relations. The mercury concentrations in both hair (Hg-H) and urine (Hg-U) were somewhat higher in the dentists than the assistants. There was no relation between concentrations in hair and urine. The method of condensation of amalgam was positively related to Hg-U; the vibration method was negatively related. Hg-U was also positively related to number of fillings and hours in own practice. The relation of Hg-U to ventilation in the surgery applied only to the dentists. PMID- 3163963 TI - Dental caries among urban schoolchildren in Madagascar. AB - An epidemiological survey of prevalence and severity of dental caries was carried out in an urban population of children in Madagascar. The study population comprised 1257 children in the age groups 4-5 yr to 14-15 yr equally distributed by sex. The children were examined according to the recording system for the Danish Child Dental Services. The caries experience in the primary dentition as well as in the permanent dentition was high. For example, among 6-yr-olds a mean number of 11.8 defs and 5.2 deft was observed and 82% of the children were affected by caries in primary teeth. In particular, primary molars in the mandibular and incisors in the maxilla were affected and approximal caries was frequent. Among 12-yr-olds mean DMFS was 4.0 and DMFT 2.4 and 75% of the children had caries in permanent teeth. In permanent teeth caries was located predominantly to mandibular molars and occlusal surfaces. In both dentitions almost all decay was untreated, indicating lack of dental treatment available due to the shortage of dental manpower. The establishment of a child dental service system is a matter of urgency. Dental health education and primary health care should be organized. PMID- 3163964 TI - Changes in prevalence of approximal caries in 17-year-olds and related restorative treatment strategies over a 6-year period. AB - Two cohorts of 17-yr-olds treated in a municipal child dental service in 1978-79 and 1984-85 had bitewing radiographs taken at the examination before the last course of treatment in the service. All radiographs were read by one examiner, who did not know to which cohort the individual belonged. The subsequent treatment was recorded from the treatment records by another examiner, who was unaware of the results of the radiographic examination. According to radiographic scores, the proportion of decayed or filled (DFS) approximal surfaces had decreased from 23.2% to 17.4% during the period (difference: 25%). The proportion of unfilled surfaces which were decayed (DS) had remained almost constant, while 9.6% of the surfaces were filled (FS) in 1978-79 compared to 3.1% in 1984-85 (difference: 68%). Thus, in spite of a 25% decrease in total caries experience (DFS), a reduction of 68% would be claimed if fillings (FS) were interpreted as expression of disease prevalence. The risk of an approximal surface being filled decreased to about one fifth from 1978-79 to 1984-85, and the risk of being filled was nearly three times as high for approximal surfaces of children who already had approximal fillings at the time of examination. Thus, both the year of examination and the subject's previously received treatment seemed to influence the treatment strategy of the dentist. PMID- 3163965 TI - Epidemiology of root surface caries in patients treated for periodontal diseases. AB - The prevalence of root surface caries was estimated in 83 patients surgically treated for periodontal disease and some relating factors were analyzed. The overall root caries index (RCI) was 6.28%. Anterior teeth in the mandible were significantly less affected than other groups of teeth. Root surfaces, divided into subgroups according to surgical treatment and length of exposure, showed no significant differences in RCI. No correlation was found between DFS-index and RCI. RCI increased with age. Concomitantly in older people more time had elapsed between the periodontal treatment and the present clinical examination. Salivary S. mutans counts and a combination of higher salivary S. mutans and lactobacilli counts were good indicators for the presence of root surface caries. PMID- 3163966 TI - Periodontal conditions in a randomly selected population in Switzerland. AB - The aim of the present study was to evaluate the periodontal conditions of a randomly selected population in the Canton of Berne, Switzerland. From a total of 350 selected persons, 206 (59%) attended the examinations. The Plaque Index (PlI), Gingival Index (GI) and Retention Index (RI), the width of the keratinized gingiva, pocket probing depth (PD) and loss of probing attachment (LA) were recorded on four surfaces per tooth in the entire dentition of the subjects. The statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS). A total of 4253 teeth were scored. On average the patients had 20.7 teeth. The mean PlI of this population was 1.16, the mean GI was 1.34 and the mean RI was 0.81. All three indices were higher in older age groups. 72% of all measurements for pocket probing depths were less than or equal to 3 mm, 26% were between 4 and 6 mm, and only 2% were more than 6 mm. 76% of all sites had lost less than or equal to 3 mm of probing attachment, 21% of the sites had lost between 4 and 6 mm and only 3% had lost more than 6 mm. There were no statistically significant differences either between females and males or between the rural and the urban populations. These results indicate that only a relatively small percentage of the sample representative for the respective area in Switzerland suffered from advanced periodontitis, while the great majority may be treated by rather conservative approaches to periodontal therapy. PMID- 3163968 TI - Centric fission in the karyotype of a mother-daughter pair of donkeys (Equus asinus). AB - A mother-daughter pair of donkeys was found to have identical karyotypes with a diploid number of 63. The difference from the species karyotype could be explained by a centric fission event in the third largest autosomal pair. PMID- 3163967 TI - DNA fingerprinting in domestic animals using four different minisatellite probes. AB - Four probes known to allow DNA fingerprinting in the human (M13, Jeffreys' core sequence, the human alpha globin hypervariable region [HVR], and a mouse probe related to the Drosophila Per gene) were checked for their ability to reveal "genetic bar codes" in cattle, horses, pigs, dogs, chickens, and a European cyprinid fish, the barbel (Barbus barbus L.). Individual-specific patterns were obtained in cattle using M13, Jeffreys' core sequence, and the alpha globin HVR, in horses, dogs, and pigs using M13, Jeffreys' core sequence, and the Per probe, and in chicken and fish using the four different probes. Although we observed a considerable heterogeneity in the extent of interindividual variation, depending on the particular probe-species combination, the fingerprints are polymorphic enough to be used efficiently in animal identification, paternity testing, and as a source of genetic markers for linkage analysis. These markers should substantially accelerate the mapping of genes affecting economically important traits. PMID- 3163969 TI - Linkage between the loci for autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 1 and human glucocerebrosidase. PMID- 3163970 TI - Linkage between the loci for autosomal dominant neuronal Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT1) and serum amyloid P component (APCS) on human chromosome 1. PMID- 3163972 TI - Role of leukotrienes in acute gastric lesions induced by ethanol, taurocholate, aspirin, platelet-activating factor and stress in rats. AB - This study was designed to determine the role of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) in the formation of acute gastric lesions induced by 100% ethanol, acidified taurocholate (TC), acidified aspirin (ASA), platelet-activating factor (PAF), and water-immersion and restraint stress. Exogenous LTC4 alone administered in gradually increasing doses (5-20 micrograms/kg/hr) caused only mild hemorrhagic lesions in the gastric mucosa but when combined with 100% ethanol, acidified TC, acidified ASA, or stress, it increased significantly the mean lesion area and lesion number as compared to those produced by these ulcerogens alone. FPL 55712, a LTC4 antagonist, given orally (2.5-10 mg/kg) reduced dose-dependently the extent of gastric lesions in all experimental models used and completely prevented the deleterious effects of exogenous LTC4 on gastric mucosa. PAF augmented the mucosal lesions induced by 100% ethanol, and this was also reduced by the pretreatment with FPL 55712. FPL 55712-induced gastroprotection against various ulcerogens was reversed, in part, by indomethacin, indicating that it could be attributed not only to the LTC4 antagonism but also to increased biosynthesis of PGs. This study provides evidence that LTC4 is involved in the formation of acute gastric damage and the antagonism of LTC4 may protect the mucosa against various ulcerogens. PMID- 3163971 TI - Electrophoretic mobility studies on doxorubicin-resistant and -sensitive murine P388 leukemic cells. AB - The electrokinetic properties of doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant (P388/R) and sensitive (P388/S) murine leukemic cells were studied in a free-flow electrophoresis (FFE) system. The electrophoretic mobilities (EM) of P388/S and P388/R cells were 1.07 and 1.35 x 10(-4) cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively, suggesting a higher net negative charge on the P388/R cells. Neuraminidase treatment decreased the EM of both the P388/S and P388/R cells by 15-20% but had no effect on cellular doxorubicin retention. Total and cell surface sialic acid contents were similar in both the cell lines. Our studies show that no direct correlations may exist among surface charge, cell surface sialic acid content, and doxorubicin retention in DOX-resistant and -sensitive P388 cells; however, differences in cell surface charge between these cell types were used to separate them by preparative FFE. PMID- 3163973 TI - Effect of acute and chronic alcohol feeding on prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis in rat stomach. AB - The effect of acute and chronic alcohol ingestion on gastric prostaglandin E2 synthesis and the PGE2 content in the stomach was studied in rats. Up to 8 hr following a single oral load of 20% alcohol (v/v; 4 g/kg body weight), the PGE2 synthesis in isolated microsomes from rat stomach remained unchanged as compared with control values. Feeding a liquid alcohol-containing diet (37% of total Joules) for 1, 6, or 12 weeks significantly decreased the rate of PGE2 synthesis (percentage inhibition as compared with control values 39, 27, and 57, respectively). In addition, chronic alcohol feeding led to a drop in the tissue content of PGE2, the decrease being more pronounced after 6 (-49%) and 12 (-58%) weeks than after 1 week (-24%). The results suggest that the inhibition of endogenous PGE2 synthesis in the stomach following ingestion of appreciable quantities of alcohol might play a role in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced injury of the gastric mucosa. PMID- 3163974 TI - The effect of fosfosal and acetylsalicylic acid on leukocyte migration and PGE2 concentration in experimentally induced acute inflammation. AB - The effect of fosfosal, a non-acetylated salicylic acid derivative, on the content of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in inflammatory exudates induced by s.c. implantation of 0.5% carrageenan soaked sponges in rats has been determined. Fosfosal, which does not inhibit PG synthesis in vitro, is capable of reducing, in a dose-dependent manner, the PGE2 content of the exudates, with a maximum reduction of 50-60% at a total dose of 100 mg/kg i.p. Acetylsalicylic acid was slightly more potent (68% reduction, 2 x 50 mg/kg i.p.). Six hours after fosfosal administration, salicylic acid, the principal metabolite of fosfosal, accumulated in the exudates at concentrations of about 100 micrograms/ml. These concentrations were sufficient to inhibit PG synthetase activity in vitro. Neither fosfosal nor acetylsalicyclic acid affected polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration at doses which significantly reduced the concentrations of PGE2. Indomethacin, used as reference, reduced leukocyte migration by 28 and 45% at a dose of 1 and 10 mg/kg i.p. respectively. The results indicate that fosfosal, in spite of its lack of effect on PG biosynthesis in vitro, exerts an effect on the inflammatory locus in vivo which may account, at least in part, for its anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, our results confirm that the inhibition of PG synthesis and leukocyte migration are mediated by different mechanisms. PMID- 3163975 TI - Effects of verapamil on uptake and in vitro toxicity of anthracyclines in human leukemic blast cells. AB - The effect of a calcium channel blocker, verapamil, on intracellular uptake and cytotoxicity of anthracyclines in vitro was studied on leukemic cells from 32 patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. Cells were isolated from peripheral blood or bone-marrow and incubated with a concentration of 0.2 mumol/l, 0.5 mumol/l and/or 1.0 mumol/l of doxorubicin or daunorubicin in the absence and presence of verapamil at a concentration of 2 mumol/l and/or 10 mumol/l. Intracellular uptake was determined at the end of the incubations by photofluorometer and the in vitro cytotoxicity was determined after 5 days culturing in liquid medium by dye exclusion according to Weisenthal. Verapamil significantly increased the intracellular uptake of anthracyclines 0.5 mumol/l and 1.0 mumol/l and the cytotoxic effect of anthracyclines 0.2 mumol/l and 0.5 mumol/l and affected doxorubicin and daunorubicin equally. There were no significant differences between the two concentrations of verapamil. Cells from different FAB-groups were equally affected by verapamil. The effect on intracellular uptake was higher in cells from patients who were resistant to therapy compared to those who achieved a complete remission. We conclude that verapamil has an effect on intracellular uptake and cytotoxicity of anthracyclines on tumor cells from patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. The prognostic and therapeutic relevance of this has to be further evaluated. PMID- 3163976 TI - High-dose retinol in children with acute myelogenous leukemia in remission. AB - In a single-institution study, 23 consecutive children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have been treated with a protocol including doxorubicin, cytarabine and 6-thioguanine as induction therapy, followed by four courses of high-dose cytarabine as consolidation. Total duration of chemotherapy was 6-8 months from diagnosis. 21 out of the 23 children achieved complete remission. During remission, the children received 52 mumol (50,000 I.U.) retinol as retinyl palmitate per square meter daily. 14 of the 21 children are still in their first remission with a mean observation time of 36 months. In our study retinyl ester given in doses up to 30 times the recommended daily allowances has not caused any clinical or biochemical side effect for up to 4 yr of therapy. PMID- 3163977 TI - Isolated gingival relapse in acute myeloid leukaemia. AB - A 47-yr-old man with acute myeloid leukaemia had been in complete remission for 18 months when he developed a gingival tumour. Histological examination revealed leukaemic infiltrate and, at this stage, no other signs of relapse could be demonstrated. Chemotherapy and local radiotherapy resulted in the disappearance of the mass; however, histological abnormalities persisted. First relapse of acute myeloid leukaemia presenting as a gingival tumour has not been previously reported. PMID- 3163979 TI - Periodontics. PMID- 3163980 TI - Use of mucogingival surgical procedures to enhance esthetics. AB - The procedures outlined herein deal primarily with improving esthetics. The importance of esthetics in periodontics is most apparent in patients with a high lip line. Current mucogingival procedures provide the surgeon with the capability to have a major role in the total treatment of complex restorative cases. Periodontal considerations must be included as an integral part of esthetic dentistry. A complete examination of the patient must include a thorough periodontal evaluation. In addition to the usual detection of periodontal pockets and inflammation indicative of periodontal disease, the examination should include a thorough mucogingival evaluation for detection of the following: (1) inadequate keratinized gingiva; (2) gingival recession; (3) excessive gingival display; (4) insufficient clinical crown length; (5) asymmetric gingival margins; (6) flat marginal contour; (7) improper gingival margin relationships; (8) lack of harmony of gingival margins with the lip line; and (9) alveolar ridge deficiencies. Mucogingival surgical procedures should be performed after control of all etiologic factors and in concert with the restorative therapy so that the surgery can produce the most desirable esthetic result. It must be understood that the location and contour of the gingival margin and its relationship to adjacent margins are as important to the final esthetic result as the location, form, and relationship of the incisal margins of the anterior teeth. Attention to the total dental display as framed by the smile, with appropriate mucogingival analysis and treatment, is necessary to achieve the most satisfying esthetic results. PMID- 3163978 TI - [Miniaturized plate osteosynthesis in the surgical treatment of mandibular deformities]. PMID- 3163981 TI - Private practice of periodontics. Past patterns, future prospects. AB - The private practice of periodontics has grown in a comparatively short time from a handful of clinicians to a significant factor in the overall practice of dentists. Periodontics has matured into a specialty that interfaces with every aspect of dentistry. Patient awareness demands it service. With the changes taking place in the health delivery system, there has emerged insurance and capitation programs that have influenced the private practice of periodontics. Along with these changes have come economic factors that have encouraged many periodontists to seek new avenues of revenue such as implantology. The dental awareness of the public and the continuance of the high standards of periodontics will prevail. If this is the case, then the future prospects of the private practice of periodontics is ensured. PMID- 3163982 TI - Periodontics of tomorrow. AB - In the early post-World War II years, there was no unified paradigm to explain the etiology of periodontal diseases. Subsequent studies established that the diseases were caused by bacteria colonizing the gingiva and subgingiva, leading to rational approaches to treatment and prevention. Research to identify the principal and bacterial species involved and clarify host immune responses continues, aided by new cell and molecular techniques. Epidemiologic surveys show improved oral health in adults but indicate problems among older Americans. Future research should expand studies of periodontal tissue regeneration, resolve questions of disease activity and progression and include oral health promotion programs targeted to adults. PMID- 3163983 TI - [The heterozygosity for the biochemical and immunological markers of genes and the variability of morphophysiological traits in man]. AB - The relationship between heterozygosity of 9 biochemical and 5 blood group loci and variability of body length and age of menarche were studied in 467 women and 336 men from Moscow population. High and low levels of individual heterozygosity were shown in men to be associated with the maximal values of the coefficient of variation (CV) of body length, while in women strong positive correlation between the CV of body length and individual heterozygosity was demonstrated. The highest level of heterozygosity was revealed in medium-height men and low-height women. Highly heterozygous women were characterized either by early or by late age of menarche; early onset of menarche causes growth retardation. Positive correlation between the CV of body length and heterozygosity in women is due to the accumulation of low-height individuals having early age of menarche. The results are discussed in terms of Lerner's concept of genetic homeostasis. It is concluded that an average level of heterozygosity is optimal for a population. PMID- 3163984 TI - [Growth hormone deficiency and leukemia]. PMID- 3163985 TI - Employers debate the worth of accrediting HMOs. PMID- 3163986 TI - Characterization of lymphocyte stimulation by phorbol related compounds. AB - 1. The stimulation of (3H)-thymidine incorporation by lymphocytes in response to phorbol and seven other phorbol related compounds was investigated. 2. Lymphocytes from each of a small group of individuals were treated with the test compounds over wide concentration ranges. 3. All the tested compounds, including the most active, 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, were far less effective lymphocyte mitogens than the plant lectin phytohaemagglutinin. 4. Inter individual differences were detected in the maximum response to the phorbols but not in their stimulating potency, as estimated by the concentration producing a half maximal response. 5. The rank order of the lymphocyte stimulating potency of the tested compounds was similar to the rank order of both tumour promoting activity and irritant potency in mouse skin. 6. Lymphocyte stimulation was paralleled equally well by these two mouse skin responses. PMID- 3163987 TI - The marketing of anti-plaque products: brushing through the hype. PMID- 3163988 TI - Hypercalcemia complicating a megakaryoblastic crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia. AB - A 38-year-old woman with megakaryoblastic chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) crisis developed recurrent episodes of severe hypercalcemia, manifested by nausea and vomiting and later by dyspnea and hypoxia. The levels of serum parathyroid hormone and serum and urine cyclic AMP were normal. Autopsy revealed widespread metastatic calcifications in various organs, including the lungs. The case suggests that hypercalcemia complicating blast crisis of CML is not related to blast cell phenotype, can cause severe pulmonary malfunction, and is a terminal event. The hypercalcemia most probably resulted from bone resorption, either directly by the megakaryoblasts or by secretion of osteolytic substances. PMID- 3163989 TI - A Monte-Carlo approach to the microdosimetry of 224Ra in murine compact and cancellous bone. AB - A method is described which allows dose calculations to be made to individual target cells in different regions of mouse bone marrow exposed to alpha particles emitted from bone. The method takes into account the variable rate of transfer of energy along the tracks of alpha particles and was applied to experiment-based values calculated for the concentration of 224Ra on bone surfaces after an injection of a leukemogenic amount of the nuclide. These calculations show a minimum dose of 11 Gy in small (less than 50-micron) marrow spaces and 10 Gy close to bone surface in the shaft of the femur. The results suggest that leukemogenic doses are likely to occur at some distance from bone surfaces in wide marrow spaces and that osteosarcoma is not likely to be induced directly in cells immediately aligning bone surfaces. PMID- 3163990 TI - Variation in conception rates following synchronization of estrus with melengestrol acetate and prostaglandin F2 alpha. AB - Beef cows and heifers (n = 263) at three locations that were exhibiting estrous cycle either were fed .5 mg/d melengestrol acetate (MGA) for 7 d and administered prostaglandin F2 alpha (25 mg, i.m.) on the last day of MGA feeding or were untreated. State of the estrous cycle at the beginning of the experiment was determined based on estrous detection and (or) progesterone concentrations in pretreatment blood samples. Estrous was checked twice daily for 30 d posttreatment. Animals were artificially inseminated approximately 12 h after detection of estrus. A synchronized estrus (less than 7 d posttreatment) was detected in 72% of the treated animals. More animals in the treated group became pregnant during the first 7 d of breeding, but their conception rate was lower than that of animals in the control group (P less than .05). Conception rate (36%) was reduced among treated animals when MGA feeding began late (d 14 to 20) in the estrous cycle. Conversely, the conception rate (66%) of treated animals fed MGA beginning earlier in the cycle was not different from that of control animals (73%; treatment x stage of cycle; P less than .05). PMID- 3163991 TI - Effect of an estrogen antagonist (tamoxifen) on cloprostenol-induced luteolysis in heifers. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine the role of estrogens on endogenous PGF2 alpha secretion and luteolysis following injection of cloprostenol in heifers. In Exp. 1, eight luteal-phase heifers were used to evaluate tamoxifen (T) as an estrogen antagonist. Heifers received T (35 mg i.v.) or ethanol:saline vehicle (ES) every 4 h for 44 h. All received cloprostenol (500 micrograms i.m.) immediately after the start of T or ES, and received estradiol-17 beta (500 micrograms i.m.) 12 h later. Each ES heifer had a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) within 48 h of estradiol injection, whereas T-treated heifers did not. Estrus was observed in three ES-treated heifers, but not in T-treated heifers. In Exp. 2, 10 heifers received T (35 mg i.v.) or ES every 4 h for 64 h beginning on d 15 postestrus. Cloprostenol (500 micrograms i.m.) was injected 16 h after the start of treatment. Concentrations of LH were similar (P greater than .05) in both groups. In ES heifers, concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) increased; in T-treated heifers, PGFM remained at pre cloprostenol levels. Luteolysis was induced in all heifers. Progesterone (P4) decreased to less than or equal to 1 ng/ml at similar (P greater than .05) rates in ES-treated and T-treated heifers. Mean concentration of P4 288 h post cloprostenol was greater (P less than .05) in ES-treated than in T-treated heifers. Three ES-treated heifers, but no T-treated heifers, were in standing estrus. We conclude that T effectively antagonizes estrogen in cattle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3163992 TI - Perspectives on dental health. PMID- 3163993 TI - Survey of dental habits and public opinions about dentistry. PMID- 3163994 TI - Safety of amalgam. PMID- 3163995 TI - Assay of enoxacin in human serum and prostatic tissue by HPLC. PMID- 3163996 TI - Effect of verapamil on pulmonary and eicosanoid responses to endotoxin in awake sheep. AB - Leukotrienes have been suggested to play a role in the endotoxin-induced changes of the pulmonary hemodynamics and airway mechanics. Since Ca2+ is necessary for contraction of airway and vascular smooth muscle as well as for activation of phospholipase A2 and 5-lipoxygenase enzymes, we wondered whether the calcium antagonist verapamil would modify the endotoxin-mediated pulmonary effects as well as the generation of circulating eicosanoids. In twelve conscious sheep, measurements of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), lung resistance (RL), arterial PO2 (PaO2), leukocyte (WBC) count, arterial thromboxane B2 (TxB2), prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha, and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) concentrations were obtained before and at predetermined intervals after a 10-min infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin (0.3 microgram/kg). On separate occasions, the sheep received a bolus injection of verapamil (150 micrograms/kg) before endotoxin, followed by a continuous infusion of verapamil [10 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 (n = 5) or 20 micrograms.kg-1.min 1 (n = 7)] for up to 4 h post-endotoxin. Endotoxin caused a biphasic response with an increase in mean PVR and RL to 326 and 276% of base line during phase I (0-1 h) and lesser increases to 177 and 157% of base line during phase II (1.5-4 h), respectively (P less than 0.05). SVR also showed biphasic increases of 44 and 42% during phase I and II, respectively. Mean PaO2 decreased by 16 Torr and WBC count decreased from 6.4 +/- 1.5 to 3.3 +/- 1.1 thousand/mm3, associated with marked increases in plasma TxB2, PGF2 alpha, and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3163997 TI - Retinol bound to physiological carrier molecules regulates growth and differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. AB - We have tested effects of retinol bound to its physiological carrier molecules, i.e. low density lipoprotein chylomicron remnants, and retinol binding protein (RBP) on differentiation and proliferation of myeloid leukemic cells in concentrations that can be obtained in vivo. Data presented in this study show that physiological concentrations of retinyl ester in chylomicron remnants induce differentiation and inhibit proliferation of the cell line HL-60 and promyelocytic leukemic cells in primary culture. Retinyl ester in low density lipoprotein showed no effect either on cell differentiation or proliferation of any of the myeloid cells tested. Retinol bound to RBP induced differentiation of HL-60 cells only in concentrations above those that can be found in vivo. However, cell proliferation was reduced both in HL-60 cells and in primary culture of leukemic cells using physiological concentrations of holo-RBP. These results suggest that retinyl ester in chylomicron remnants is the most effective vehicle for transport of retinol into leukemic cells in vivo. PMID- 3163998 TI - Separation of 125I-labelled prostaglandin E2-tyrosine methyl ester by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3163999 TI - Dentistry in the Philippines. PMID- 3164000 TI - A modified bite wing X-ray technique for small children. PMID- 3164001 TI - Phosphorylation of beta-casein and alpha-lactalbumin by casein kinase from lactating bovine mammary gland. AB - Two milk proteins, beta-casein and alpha-lactalbumin, were compared as substrates for casein kinase from bovine mammary gland. beta-Casein could be rephosphorylated after removal of its phosphate groups, whereas alpha-lactalbumin was an effective substrate after the protein had been reduced and carboxymethylated. The native proteins could not be phosphorylated. Magnesium2+, Ca2+, and Mn2+ stimulated phosphorylation of the modified proteins. Calcium2+ was the most effective cation for alpha-lactalbumin and Mn2+ for beta-casein. Michaelis constants were 144 microM for alpha-lactalbumin in the presence of Ca2+ and 142 microM for beta-casein in the presence of Mn2+; however, the maximum velocity for alpha-lactalbumin was three times that of beta-casein. After phosphorylation with [gamma-32P] ATP, partial hydrolysis showed that only serine residues were phosphorylated in both proteins. Chymotryptic peptides of phosphorylated alpha-lactalbumin and tryptic peptides of phosphorylated beta casein were examined by HPLC and selected peptides were analyzed for amino acid content. Comparison of the analyses with sequence data showed that serine at position 47 in alpha-lactalbumin is the major site of phosphate incorporation. Dephosphorylated beta-casein was only partially rephosphorylated. However, the sites identified correspond to the phosphorylated residues in native beta-casein, namely, serine at position 35 and the cluster of four serines between residues 15 and 20. PMID- 3164004 TI - Factors influencing the setting reaction of glass polyalkenoate (ionomer) cements. PMID- 3164002 TI - The occlusal topographic contact method for the assessment of occlusal contacts. PMID- 3164003 TI - Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations of commercial toothpastes using an agar dilution method. PMID- 3164005 TI - Variation in the position of the inferior dental canal and its significance to restorative dentistry. PMID- 3164006 TI - A comparison of three different automatic aspirating dental cartridge syringes. PMID- 3164008 TI - Dentistry and the dental trade working together. PMID- 3164007 TI - The process of deprofessionalization. Getting down to business in dentistry: the effect of advertising on a profession. PMID- 3164010 TI - Professional ethics. PMID- 3164009 TI - Dentists' attitudes concerning infection control and occupational health hazards. PMID- 3164011 TI - Professionalism in dentistry: one man's opinion. PMID- 3164013 TI - Profile of sections--an ACD survey. PMID- 3164012 TI - Dentists' attitudes and behaviors in counseling patients about oral self care. PMID- 3164014 TI - Convocation address. PMID- 3164015 TI - What do I do now? PMID- 3164016 TI - Professional liability: has the crisis passed? PMID- 3164017 TI - Capitation and fee-for-service dental benefit plans: economic incentives, utilization, and service-mix. AB - Insurance carriers, corporations, and labor groups are actively developing and marketing dental capitation benefit plans. Incentives to both dentists and patients in these plans differ from those in the traditional fee-for-service system used with conventional benefit plans. This paper describes the likely effects of these incentive differences on utilization and service-mix patterns in both systems. Data for a large (approximately 10,000), homogenous group of subscribers are presented and discussed. Faced with a dual option, at no cost to the employee, 60% of the subscribers chose the fee-for-service plan, and 40% chose the capitation plan. Observed differences in the utilization and mix of services between the two plans cannot be explained solely in terms of dentists' responses. Employee response to altered economic incentives appears to be strong. PMID- 3164018 TI - Prodromal odontalgia and multiple devitalized teeth caused by a herpes zoster infection of the trigeminal nerve: report of case. AB - A case of oral herpes zoster infection with prodromal odontalgia is presented. Tooth devitalization, facial scarring, and neuralgia occurred without concurrent local and systemic factors. The cause, pathological features, diagnosis, and management of an oral herpes zoster infection with prodromal odontalgia are discussed. PMID- 3164020 TI - Peptide blocks tumor cell invasion. PMID- 3164019 TI - Changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiogram during dental treatment with use of local anesthesia. AB - Cardiovascular complications caused by hypertension need to be anticipated during routine dental therapy. Changes in the cardiovascular system before, during, and after treatment were studied for 40 patients undergoing extractions. PMID- 3164021 TI - Bilateral white corrugated lesions on the lateral tongue surface. AB - A patient with bilateral hairy leukoplakia and candidiasis of the tongue was diagnosed and described. Lesions of the tongue that should be considered in the differential diagnosis include: idiopathic clinical leukoplakia, tobacco-induced leukoplakia, frictional keratosis, edema, lichen planus, galvanic lesions, geographic tongue, maceration, and chronic hyperplastic candidiasis. Hairy leukoplakia occurs predominantly on the tongue as in the patient described. The typical presentation is easily diagnosed but atypical cases may be diagnosed by their lack of response to antifungal treatment and histological exclusion of other lesions. The natural history of hairy leukoplakia needs further study. Hairy leukoplakia has not been reported in patients not infected by HIV; therefore, patients with hairy leukoplakia should be considered highly suspect for subsequent development of AIDS. PMID- 3164022 TI - The patient's interest. PMID- 3164023 TI - Oral sedatives. PMID- 3164024 TI - Origin of abscess. PMID- 3164025 TI - Licorice and tobacco. PMID- 3164026 TI - Esthetics and color. PMID- 3164027 TI - Emphasis. Dentistry in the '80s: a changing mix of services. PMID- 3164028 TI - Saliva inhibits HIV-1 infectivity. PMID- 3164029 TI - The prevalence and practice management consequences of dental fear in a major US city. AB - In 1986, 1,019 residents of Seattle were surveyed about their dental fears, dental experiences, and perceived oral health status. High dental fear in Seattle was found to affect 204 per 1,000 people. More than 66% acquired their fear in early childhood. Females were 1.8 times more likely than males to report high fear (P less than .001). An individual was 1.6 times as likely to have high levels of dental fear if he or she had at least one oral problem such as bleeding gingiva (P = .004). PMID- 3164030 TI - A comparison of restoration longevity in maxillary and mandibular teeth. AB - This study determined if the survival time of restorations in maxillary and mandibular teeth differed in a group of 71 patients. The 1,232 restorations were placed by a dental school clinic in a 29-year period. There were no significant systematic differences in the survival time of restorations in maxillary and mandibular molars, premolars, and canines. Maxillary and mandibular incisors show significant differences in survival patterns. Of the mandibular restorations available for follow-up, 71% were still intact after 26 years. PMID- 3164031 TI - Oral mucosal reactions to cinnamon-flavored chewing gum. AB - Oral lesions induced by contact with cinnamon flavoring agents are relatively uncommon, and are probably unrecognized as such by many clinicians. Ten patients with these lesions seen during the past 6 years are described in this report. Most patients had a "burning sensation" as their primary symptom. Clinically, lesions appeared as erythematous patches with varying degrees of superimposed keratosis or ulceration, or both. The lesions were usually confined to the buccal mucosa and lateral border of the tongue. The offending agent was almost always cinnamon-flavored chewing gum, and symptoms typically resolved within 1 to 2 days of discontinuing the product containing cinnamon. PMID- 3164032 TI - Standardized intraoral photography for the dental team. PMID- 3164034 TI - On ethics at chairside. PMID- 3164033 TI - Gloved and ungloved: performance time for two dental procedures. AB - This study examines the time required to perform two routine dental procedures requiring fine hand manipulative skills--a pin placement procedure and an endodontic procedure. No significant time difference was noted in performing the procedures while wearing gloves or not wearing gloves. Twelve dentists who had routinely worn gloves for the past 6 months participated, each performing four procedures. PMID- 3164036 TI - Consensus: oral health effects of products that increase salivary flow rate. Council on Dental Therapeutics. PMID- 3164035 TI - Enlarging soft tissue mass involving the mandibular left alveolar ridge. AB - The central giant-cell granuloma is a benign, fairly uncommon lesion that can appear clinically and radiographically similar to many other lesions. When histopathological examination discloses a giant-cell lesion of bone, clinical, radiographic, and laboratory data must be obtained and carefully analyzed to rule out such conditions as hyperparathyroidism, Paget's disease, and cherubism, and to confirm the diagnosis of central giant-cell granuloma. Once the diagnosis is established, thorough curettage or surgical excision of the tumor is recommended to assure complete removal. Although recurrence is rare, periodic postoperative examination is also suggested. PMID- 3164037 TI - Restorative materials containing fluoride. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment. PMID- 3164039 TI - Accredited dental schools. Commission on Dental Accreditation. PMID- 3164038 TI - Biocompatibility and postoperative sensitivity. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment. PMID- 3164040 TI - Partial purification and characterization of detergent-solubilized N sulfotransferase activity associated with calf brain microsomes. AB - Calf brain 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS):proteoheparan sulfate (PHS) N-sulfotransferase activity is solubilized by extracting salt-washed microsomes with 1% Cutscum. A protocol is described for the partial purification of the sulfotransferase activity utilizing: (1) diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) Sephacel, (2) heparin-Sepharose CL-6B, and (3) 3',5'-ADP-agarose as chromatographic supports. Sulfotransferase activity was followed by using 3' phosphoadenosine 5'-phospho[35S]sulfate and endogenous acceptors in heat inactivated microsomes as exogenous substrates. Two chromatographically distinct fractions (ST1 and ST2) of sulfotransferase activity are resolved on DEAE Sephacel. Both sulfotransferase activities have been partially purified and characterized. An apparent purification of the two N-sulfotransferase fractions of 22- to 29-fold, relative to the microsomal activity, is achieved by this procedure. Since ST1 appears to represent approximately 24% of the total microsomal activity, a purification of 89-fold has been estimated for this fraction. Neither sulfotransferase activity was stimulated by MnCl2, MgCl2, or CaCl2 added at 10 mM, nor inhibited by the presence of 10 mM EDTA. ST1 and ST2 are optimally active at pH 7.5-8. Apparent Km values for PAPS of 2.3 microM and 0.9 microM have been determined for ST1 and ST2, respectively. ST1 exhibits N sulfotransferase activity primarily and is inhibited by phosphatidylserine whereas the ST2 fraction contains a mixture of N- and O-sulfotransferase activity and is stimulated by phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, and lysophosphatidylcholine. The detection of two chromatographically distinct sulfotransferase activities raises the possibility that N-sulfation of proteoheparan sulfates could be catalyzed by more than one enzyme, and that N sulfation and O-sulfation of proteoglycans are catalyzed by separate enzymes in nervous tissue. PMID- 3164042 TI - Treatment of Dilantin induced gingival hyperplasia. PMID- 3164041 TI - Brain acetylcholinesterase activity is markedly reduced in dominantly-inherited olivopontocerebellar atrophy. AB - The activity was measured of the acetylcholine catabolising enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in brain after necropsy of seven patients from one established pedigree with dominantly-inherited olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA), a cerebellar ataxia disorder in which neuropathological changes are assumed to be primarily restricted to cerebellum, lower brain stem and spinal cord. Mean AChE activity was significantly reduced in cerebral (-51% to 65%) and cerebellar (-47%) cortex with a less severe change (-37%) in the hippocampus. The magnitude of the enzyme reduction in cerebral cortex was equal to or greater than that reported in brain of demented Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease patients having loss of AChE-containing nucleus basalis cholinergic neurons. It is concluded that the data provide additional biochemical evidence suggesting a cerebral cortical cholinergic denervation in OPCA. PMID- 3164044 TI - Saving lives at 55. PMID- 3164043 TI - A.B.C's periodontics. "B" is for Bacteria. PMID- 3164045 TI - Critiquing the critique. PMID- 3164046 TI - Errors in identifying duplicated dental radiography. PMID- 3164047 TI - Exercising judgment in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders. PMID- 3164048 TI - Intraoral myotomy of the lateral pterygoid muscle for treatment of recurrent dislocation of the mandibular condyle. AB - This article describes an intraoral procedure for myotomy of the lateral pterygoid muscle as treatment of recurrent dislocation of the mandibular condyle and five treated cases are presented. In none of the cases were anatomic structures damaged, and none of the patients has developed recurrence. The main effect of this treatment is ascribed to scarring anterior to the joint capsule, limiting excursion of the condyle. Although the follow-up is limited, the results seem promising. PMID- 3164049 TI - Mitogenic response of cells in culture to demineralized bone matrix. AB - In this study the mitogenic effect of demineralized bone powder (DBP) on cells in tissue culture was evaluated. The cells studied have osteoblastic properties. At a DBP concentration of 100 micrograms/well, rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS) 17/2.8 cells, ROS 24/1 cells, and periosteal fibroblasts (POF) all showed a significant increase in proliferation in comparison to controls. The peak effect was on day two for ROS 17/2.8 (125% of control), on day three for ROS 24/1 (139% of control), and on day four for POF (145% of control). The results indicate that this in vitro system may be useful for evaluating the osteoinductive activity of DBP preparations. PMID- 3164050 TI - Adaptation of autogenous costochondral grafts used for temporomandibular joint reconstruction: a long-term clinical and radiologic follow-up. AB - The clinical and radiologic behavior of autogenous costochondral grafts used for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) reconstruction was studied in 16 patients with a mean follow-up of 10 years. The grafts were classified into four groups according to the degree of radiologic calcification or remodeling (adaptation). Total adaptation was observed in six cases and in two cases, no changes were found. The function of the new joint was excellent irrespective of the radiologic status and seemed to improve with time. PMID- 3164052 TI - Postoperative morbidity with mandibular third molar surgery: a comparison of two techniques. AB - The postoperative pain and swelling that followed the removal of symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars by the split bone and bur techniques was studied in 30 patients. Removal by the split bone technique produced noticeably less pain and swelling. Interdependence was noted between pain and swelling. PMID- 3164051 TI - Comparison of nalbuphine and fentanyl in combination with diazepam for outpatient oral surgery. AB - Nalbuphine and fentanyl were compared as analgesic components of intravenous conscious sedation with diazepam in a double-blind, prospective trial of 50 patients undergoing elective oral surgery. Subjects were evaluated for intensity of pain, pain relief, sedation, anxiety, recall, and vital signs at systematic observation points intraoperatively and postoperatively. At the conclusion of surgery, 88% who received nalbuphine and 87% treated with fentanyl indicated complete pain relief. One observed adverse reaction was attributed to the combination of fentanyl and the sedative component diazepam. No statistically significant differences were observed between nalbuphine and fentanyl treatments. PMID- 3164053 TI - Insertions of the lateral pterygoid muscle: an anatomic study of the human temporomandibular joint. AB - The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the anatomic relationships of the lateral pterygoid muscle with the disc-condyle complex using an acrylic embedding technique to obtain anatomic serial cuts of a solid block containing the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the neighboring structures. The fibers of the upper and lower heads were found to be fused in front of the TMJ and to constitute medially a strong muscular wall. The lateral third of the anterior band of the disc was free of any muscle insertions and related anteriorly with loose connective tissue; the middle third showed fibers that run under the anterior band of the disc and attached in the upper part of the condylar fovea. Only the medial portion demonstrated both fibers running into the disc and fibers inserting into the bone. The fibers inserted into the bone run under those attached into the disc and terminated below the medial pole of the condyle binding the disc tightly over the medial pole. This study demonstrates that the main insertions of the superior head are not into the disc but into the condyle. Considering the anatomic organization of the upper head, the explanation of anterior displacement of the disc due to a spastic activity of this muscle alone is not probable. Hypotonicity, not hyperactivity, of the upper head may contribute to an anterior and medial disc displacement. PMID- 3164054 TI - Mediastinitis, thoracic empyema, and pericarditis as complications of a dental abscess: report of a case. PMID- 3164055 TI - Angiosarcoma of the tongue: report of a case. PMID- 3164056 TI - Congenital commissural and lower lip pits in the same patient: report of a case. AB - A case of simultaneous congenital lip and commissural pits is described. To the authors' knowledge, such an occurrence has not been previously reported to exist in the same patient. The need for genetic counseling in patients with lip pits and the surgical treatment of this deformity is discussed. PMID- 3164057 TI - Benign symmetric lipomatosis of the tongue: report of a case. PMID- 3164058 TI - Use of the rhombic flap for closing a palatal defect: report of a case. PMID- 3164059 TI - Application of alumina ceramic prostheses to the mandible: report of seven cases. PMID- 3164060 TI - Management of a huge central giant cell granuloma of the maxilla. AB - A case of a large central giant cell granuloma of the maxilla is presented. Its treatment by resection and reconstruction with a temporalis flap is described. PMID- 3164061 TI - Sudden open bite resulting from hemarthrosis: report of a case. AB - In contrast to chronic inability to open the mouth, inadequate closure of the jaws seldom occurs. The present case describes a young women with hereditary hyperlipoproteinism on an anticoagulant who suddenly developed an unilateral open bite due to a hemarthrosis of the left TMJ. After aspiration of the accumulated blood in the temporomandibular joint, the open bite disappeared and the occlusion became normal. PMID- 3164062 TI - Metastatic bronchial carcinoid tumor of the soft palate: report of a case. AB - The metastasis of tumors to the soft palate is a rather rare occurrence, with few cases documented in literature. Even more extraordinary is the metastasis of a carcinoid tumor to the palate. Problems in evaluation of carcinoid tumors arise from histologic and cytologic characteristics that are not accurate indices of malignancy, at times making recognition and treatment difficult. PMID- 3164064 TI - Whiplash and disc derangement. PMID- 3164063 TI - Use of the hemicoronal flap to approach the coronoid process. PMID- 3164065 TI - A simple appliance for continuous jaw exercise. PMID- 3164066 TI - Autopolymerizing Silastic for interpositional arthroplasty. AB - A technique describing the application of an autopolymerizing silastic material for the fabrication of a customized interpositional alloplastic implant for TMJ gap arthroplasty has been presented. The implant is easily stabilized, shows no adverse tissue reaction, and remains undisplaced under function. The implant is quickly constructed and accurately adapted to the bony architecture of the temporal bone and condylar segments. PMID- 3164067 TI - Evaluation of fluorescein diacetate for flow cytometric determination of cell viability in orthopaedic research. AB - Accurate estimation of cellular viability is important both in research and in aspects of orthopaedic clinical practice. We have been interested in the potential for flow cytometric application of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) in evaluating chondrocyte survival following cryopreservation of osteochondral allografts as well as in the assessment of sarcoma necrosis following preoperative chemotherapy. In order to evaluate the suitability of this method for cell viability assays, this study compared FDA with more traditional methodology (trypan blue, clonigenic assay, metabolic activity analysis, measurement of DNA synthesis, and histological assessment of necrosis). Both chondrocytes and sarcoma cells were exposed to various experimental injuries prior to viability analysis. Although it is evident from these experiments that FDA accurately reflects cell survival after physical injury, it underestimates the effect of chemotherapy on cell reproductive potential in vitro. However, FDA is highly correlated with histological assessment of tumor viability after chemotherapy in vivo. It is apparent that the methodology chosen for determination of viability should be appropriate for the type of experimental injury and should analyze the cell function (i.e., metabolic activity or reproductive capacity) that is appropriate for the experimental model. PMID- 3164069 TI - Calculating the cost of infection control. PMID- 3164068 TI - Chlorhexidine, an adjunct to preventive dentistry. PMID- 3164070 TI - The late psychosocial consequences of childhood cancer. PMID- 3164071 TI - [3-year evaluation of non-resorbable hydroxylapatite used to fill intraosseous lesions . First results]. PMID- 3164073 TI - [Clinical and histological observations of gingival fissures]. PMID- 3164072 TI - [The periodontium and neutrophils in septic granulomatosis (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 3164074 TI - [Periodontal probing. Correction of systematic errors with an electronic probe]. PMID- 3164075 TI - Synovial fluid involvement in null cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Rheumatic symptoms in patients with leukemia are not uncommon. Often they delay correct diagnosis and therapy. We describe a patient presenting with oligoarticular joint disease in whom immunological analysis of synovial fluid (SF) led to the detection of leukemic cells in the joint. Moreover, analysis with a variety of monoclonal antibodies established the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia of null cell type with phenotypically identical malignant cells present in the bone marrow, peripheral blood and SF. Our investigations demonstrate that analysis with monoclonal antibodies is helpful in characterizing joint involvement in patients with leukemia. PMID- 3164076 TI - Emphysematous septic arthritis in multiple joints due to Streptococcus milleri. AB - A 26-year-old man with acute leukemia, treated with chemotherapy, developed emphysematous septic arthritis, due to Streptococcus milleri, affecting the right knee and both shoulders. A review of the literature revealed that intraarticular gas formation is a rarely reported complication of septic arthritis. This could be the 2nd reported case of emphysematous septic arthritis due to S. milleri. PMID- 3164077 TI - [Colonic cancer; problems of early diagnosis. 3. Neoplasm makers]. PMID- 3164079 TI - [Susceptibility of clinical isolates against cefotiam, cefmenoxime, and cefsulodin: comparative study between MS-2 clinical system and disc agar method]. PMID- 3164078 TI - Comparison of risk grouping methods for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. AB - Four criteria for the risk grouping of children's acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group (CCLSG) in Japan, Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) and Children's Cancer Study Group (CCG-141) in the USA, Berlin Frankfurt-Munster Study Group (BFM) in West Germany, were applied retrospectively to 109 patients with the disease who had been treated randomly in Sapporo National Hospital from 1978 to 1986. No significant difference in respect of survival curve was found in most combinations between low- and intermediate-risk groups, nor among either low- or intermediate-risk groups (P greater than 0.10, Cox-Mantel's test). Among the four high-risk groups formed by the application of these criteria, no significant difference was noted (P greater than 0.10), but there were significant differences between the high-risk and the low- or intermediate-risk groups (P less than 0.05 or 0.10). With such results, a comparison of therapeutic results in high-risk groups yielded by different study groups would appear to be not only possible but useful, for example, in improving therapeutic methods. PMID- 3164080 TI - Adenosine deaminase (ADA) overproduction associated with congenital hemolytic anemia: case report and molecular analysis. AB - We report the fourth case of adenosine deaminase (ADA) overproduction associated with hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia and the molecular analysis of this anomaly. The proband was a 10-year-old Japanese boy, who had an episode of erythroblastosis fetalis during the perinatal period. The red cell ADA activity showed a 110-fold increase and the red cell ATP level was about 64% of the comparably reticulocyte-rich controls, but the lymphocyte ADA activity was within the normal range. Western blotting of partially purified ADA from red cells revealed an increased amount of enzyme in the patient's red cells. No gene amplification or gene rearrangement was found by Southern blot analysis, and no increase of ADA mRNA in reticulocyte RNA was detected by dot blot analysis using ADA cDNA. We constructed a genomic DNA library and obtained three clones containing the 5'-promoter region of ADA gene. The 2.2 kb ADA promoter DNA fragment of these clones was fused to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene, and transfected to human erythroid cell line K562, and assayed for CAT activity. One of the clones, pADOP 2 cat, expressed about 2.6 times higher CAT activity than the normal ADA promoter fused to CAT gene in K562, but such enhancement was not seen in human non-erythroid cell lines; HL 60 and Raji. From these results, it is most likely, though not conclusive, that the 5' promotor fragment of the ADA gene of the patient was responsible for the cell-specific enhancement of protein synthesis. PMID- 3164082 TI - Pathology of Listeria infection in murine severe combined immunodeficiency. A study by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. AB - Mice bearing the scid mutation lack functional T and B lymphocytes and partially resist infection with the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. In this study, we describe the histopathologic features of the infection in scid mice. Infected scid showed hyperplasia of mononuclear cells in lymphoid organs without any evidence of granulomas nor of lymphoid cell development. Mononuclear phagocytes in various tissues of infected scid mice had markedly enhanced expression of class II histocompatibility molecules (or Ia molecules). Furthermore, Ia expression was also found in endothelial and epithelial cells of many organs in the later stages of infection. These results confirm that scid mice have a mechanism for activation of Ia antigen expression, which is independent of lymphocyte function. PMID- 3164081 TI - 2S,3R 3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoic acid derivatives, enkephalinase inhibitors, augment met5-enkephalin-induced antinociception. AB - It has been accepted that the periaqueductal gray matter of the mid brain (PAG) and the reticular formation of the medulla oblongata in the brain stem have antinociceptive roles in the pain control pathways of mammals, and met5 enkephalin may act as one of the pain control substances in those regions. In the present study, the effects of 2S,3R 3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoic acid (AHPA) derivatives on met5-enkephalin-induced antinociception were examined by a hot plate method in mice. The elevation of pain threshold induced by an intracisternal administration of met5-enkephalin was enhanced by AHPA derivatives. The rank order of potency for these agents was as follows: bestatin greater than D-Phe-AHPA greater than AHPA-D-Ala greater than p-OH-AHPA-D-Phe greater than AHPA. This order was roughly correlated to that of the enkephalinase inhibitory activity of the AHPA derivatives. These results indicate that the inhibition of enkephalinase may produce the augmentation of the exogenous met5 enkephalin-induced antinociception. It is also suggested that AHPA derivatives may cause the enhancement of the endogenous met5-enkephalin-mediated antinociception. PMID- 3164083 TI - Prostaglandin E2 depresses antigen-presenting cell function of peritoneal macrophages. AB - Eicosanoids play a prominent role in trauma. Such mediators of inflammation negatively influence cell-mediated immunity (CMI). There is, however, no information available on the effect of eicosanoids on a critical event in CMI, i.e., antigen-presenting (AP) cell function of macrophages (M luminal diameter), a cellular process responsible for the activation of T and B lymphocytes. The aim of this study, therefore, was to examine the effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) on AP cell function of the peritoneal M luminal diameter. To study this, a T-helper-cell clone, D10.G4.1 was employed. This cell clone proliferates in the presence of Iak (Class II glycoprotein, MAC product) bearing M luminal diameter and specific antigen (conalbumin A) thus directly reflecting the AP capability of the M luminal diameter. Peritoneal M luminal diameter were harvested from B10.BR mice (H2k) and their AP was tested in vitro by incubating varying numbers of M luminal diameter with 2 X 10(4) D10.G4.1 cells/well and conalbumin (400 micrograms/ml) in the presence and absence of different concentrations of PGE2 or TXB2. Cultures were incubated for 72 hr, pulsed with [3H]-thymidine, and harvested. At concentrations of 10, 30, and 100 nM of PGE2, D10.G4.1 proliferations were 38, 35, and 20% of control, respectively (P less than 0.05 compared to control). TXB2 added at the above-mentioned concentrations did not suppress the proliferative response of D10. Thus, PGE2 but not TXB2 has a potent immunosuppressive effect on AP of peritoneal M luminal diameter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3164085 TI - Colony growth characteristics in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. AB - Using cell culture studies specific in-vitro characteristics have been reported for Philadelphia chromosome positive myelogenous leukemia (Ph+ CML) and for juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML) previously. We performed cell culture studies in four patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and demonstrated the following in-vitro features: excessively increased circulating CFU-C, while BFU-E and CFU-mix were either moderately increased or not detectable; CFU-C colony formation from CMML mononuclear cells (MNC) without addition of exogenous colony stimulating activity (CSA), even after depletion from adherent cells; failing inhibition of CMML MNC on normal BFU-E colony formation. These in-vitro characteristics point to CMML as a distinct entity. In two CMML-patients investigated CFU-C proliferation appeared to some extent inhibited by the addition of IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha to cell cultures. PMID- 3164084 TI - Serotonin stimulates corticosteroid secretion by frog adrenocortical tissue in vitro. AB - The mode of action of serotonin (5-HT) in the regulation of frog adrenal steroidogenesis was studied in vitro using the perifusion system technique. Graded doses of 5-HT (from 10(-8) to 10(-6) M) increased both corticosterone and aldosterone production in a dose-dependent manner. Short pulses (20 min) of 10( 6) M 5-HT, administered at 130 min intervals within the same experiment, did not cause any desensitization phenomenon. Indomethacin (IDM; 5 microM), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor which induced a dramatic decrease in the spontaneous secretion of corticosteroids, did not impair the stimulatory effect of 5-HT on corticosterone and aldosterone production. In the absence of calcium, 5-HT (10( 6) M) was still able to stimulate corticosteroid production. Dantrolene (5 x 10( 5) M), a blocker of calcium mobilization from intracellular pools which significantly inhibited the spontaneous production of corticosteroids, did not suppress 5-HT-evoked corticosteroid secretion. These results show that 5-HT, stored in adrenal chromaffin cells, may act as a paracrine factor to stimulate adrenal steroidogenesis in the frog. Our data also indicate that the mechanism of action of 5-HT does not depend on prostaglandin biosynthesis. PMID- 3164086 TI - Changes in the activities of cytidine deaminase during differentiation of HL60 cells induced by 1,25 dihydroxy D3. AB - The activities of the enzymes cytidine deaminase (CDD), deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), adenosine deaminase (ADA), and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), have been investigated in the promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60. The activities of the enzymes corresponded well with that seen in acute myeloid leukemia cells except, that the CDD activity was very low in the HL60 cells. Induction of differentiation in HL60 cells by 1,25 dihydroxy D3 resulted in an increase in CDD from 12 to 247 nmol/h/mg and a decrease in ADA from 1326 to 896 nmol/h/mg, while the activities of dCK, and PNP were unchanged. Retinoic acid, another used inducer of differentiation, gave no changes of the enzyme activities. The increase in CDD activity induced by 1,25 dihydroxy D3 was prevented by inhibition of protein synthesis, whereas inhibition of proliferation of the cells did not abolish the increase of CDD. The changes correspond well with the differences seen between immature and mature myeloid cells. The results may have consequences for the interpretation of results obtained with cytostatics, which are metabolized by the enzymes. PMID- 3164087 TI - Potentiation of adriamycin accumulation and effectiveness in adriamycin-resistant cells by aclacinomycin A. AB - Variants of Friend leukemia cells (FLC) selected for resistance to either adriamycin (ADM), daunorubicin (DNR) or aclacinomycin A (ACM) by step-wise exposure to each drug, were found to be cross-resistant to ADM and DNR but not to ACM. In addition, an epithelial cell line isolated from normal monkey kidney (CV 1) was found to be intrinsically resistant to ADM and DNR but not to ACM. In contrast, a human breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7) was found to be sensitive to all three compounds. In these latter cell lines as well as in the FLC variants, lowered intracellular amounts of ADM and DNR correlated with resistance, but ACM levels were the same in sensitive and resistant cells. When cells with either acquired or intrinsic resistance were treated with ACM in combination with ADM or DNR, significant increases in the intracellular amounts of these latter compounds were found. Increased drug accumulation in resistant cells treated this way was accompanied by increased cytotoxicity. When resistant cells were exposed to ACM in combination with other anthracyclines, similar results were obtained. In comparison, these phenomena were not observed when either one of the sensitive cell types (parental FLC and MCF-7) were treated similarly. Since ADM and DNR resistant cells are sensitive to ACM and their resistance circumvented by ACM, this drug may have important clinical applications when used in combination with other anthracyclines. PMID- 3164088 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia developing five years after successful treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 3164089 TI - Prospective study of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: hematologic, immunologic, and cytogenetic correlations. AB - We studied the karyotype in 81 consecutively diagnosed children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) treated at one institution on a randomized treatment protocol. In 75 patients (93%), a morphological cytogenetic result was obtained, and 57 (65%) were successfully G-banded. Of the 75 patients, 46 (61%) showed abnormal chromosomes, mainly hyperdiploidy and pseudodiploidy, and 29 had no detectable abnormality. Our findings confirmed that the karyotype has prognostic significance. Duration of complete remission was 93% at 42 months for patients with high hyperdiploidy (greater than 50). For patients with an apparently normal karyotype, it was 58%; and for patients with structural abnormalities it was 15%. The significance of these findings was confirmed by multivariate analysis, which showed age and karyotype to be the most important determinants of duration of remission. PMID- 3164090 TI - Reversible encephalopathy and seizures as a result of conventional vincristine administration. AB - An 8-year-old child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) developed seizures associated with bilateral lucencies on CT scan during standard induction therapy with vincristine and prednisone. Because of the progressive nature of her symptoms, a brain biopsy was performed and revealed neurotubular dissociation, which, in experimental animal models, is characteristic of vincristine toxicity. All other causes of encephalopathy have been ruled out. The drug was withheld and the clinical symptoms and findings resolved. The occurrence of unusual and severe neurologic side effects during the course of conventional induction therapy for childhood ALL warrants careful evaluation for evidence of vincristine toxicity. PMID- 3164092 TI - Commentary on "Anorexia in the elderly" by Morley and Silver. AB - Anorexia (loss of appetite) in the elderly is a problem of unknown dimensions. Long-term studies are needed to identify the number of elderly who show a consistent pattern of weight loss with advancing age. Longitudinal studies on the effectiveness of programs designed to prevent and combat this weight loss by increasing food intake must be designed and carried out in subjects selected for the absence of disease often seen in old people. PMID- 3164091 TI - Role of sodium and renal prostaglandin E2 in the maintenance of hypertension in the chronic phase of two-kidney one-clip renovascular hypertension in rabbits. AB - To study the role of sodium and renal prostaglandin E2 in the chronic phase of two-kidney one-clip renovascular hypertension, urinary excretion rates of sodium and prostaglandin E2 were measured in rabbits with hypertension induced by left renal artery constriction during alteration in sodium intake. The arterial blood pressure, the increasing rate of body weight and sodium balance during alteration in sodium intake were directly proportional to the amount of sodium intake in the hypertensive rabbits, but not in the control ones. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration, which had no significant difference between hypertensive and control rabbits, were inversely proportional to the amount of sodium intake in both rabbits. Urinary excretion rates of sodium in the clipped kidneys of the hypertensive rabbits were significantly lower than the control values in all dietary regimens (p less than 0.01). Urinary excretion rates of sodium in the nonclipped kidneys were not significantly higher and in the total kidneys were significantly lower than the corresponding control values during sodium load (p less than 0.01). Urinary excretion rates of prostaglandin E2 were inversely proportional to the amount of sodium intake in both groups. Urinary excretion rates of prostaglandin E2 in the clipped kidneys were significantly lower than the control values in all dietary regimens (p less than 0.001). Urinary excretion rates of prostaglandin E2 in the nonclipped kidneys were significantly higher during sodium restriction (p less than 0.01) but not during sodium load than the control values. Furthermore, urinary excretion rates of prostaglandin E2 in the total kidneys were significantly lower than the control values in all dietary regimens (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that two kidney one-clip renovascular hypertension in rabbits seems to be partly sodium dependent in the chronic phase because the nonclipped kidney fails to excrete sodium sufficiently. There may also be disorders of renal prostaglandin E2 metabolism influencing these disorders of sodium in the nonclipped kidneys. PMID- 3164093 TI - Understanding anorexia in the elderly: formulating biopsychological research strategies. AB - Anorexia in the elderly may arise from a disregulated system rather than from the operation of an isolated pathological mechanism. The properties of a disregulated system can be diagnosed through a functional analysis. Anorexia could arise through a weak read-out of metabolic signals of need rather than from hyperactive satiety agents. Serotonin systems may integrate regulatory actions. PMID- 3164094 TI - The anorexia of aging: a problem not restricted to calorie intake. AB - Anorexia in the elderly may represent not only disorders of calorie intake but of macronutrient intake as well. Excessive consumption of carbohydrate at the expense of protein characterizes some mild depressive disorders and may result in an inadequate protein intake among elderly individuals suffering from such disorders. PMID- 3164095 TI - Flavor enhancement of foods for the elderly can reverse anorexia. AB - Impairment of the senses of taste and smell is one of the major factors contributing to anorexia in the elderly. Anorexia often remits when foods are amplified by additional odor to compensate for diminished chemosensory functioning. PMID- 3164096 TI - [Familial cerebellar ataxia: clinical, radiological and electrophysiological findings]. AB - A family with cerebellar ataxia of late onset occurring in four generations was observed. Neurological abnormalities included signs of cerebellar ataxia, pyramidal tract damage and damage to the peripheral motor neuron. Computerized tomography demonstrated in five out of six studied patients an image suggesting olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy. In the cerebellar structures, brainstem and cerebral hemispheres evidence of atrophy was detected. No correlation was demonstrated between the intensity of the clinical signs and the progression of changes in CT image. Electrophysiological investigations demonstrated changes compatible with damage to the motor and sensory fibres in the peripheral nerves and signs suggesting damage to the spinal motor neurons and pyramidal tract. These observations confirm the multilevel development of the process. The use of similar diagnostic methods will permit a more accurate classification of cerebellar ataxia and obtaining of better information for prognostication of individual cases. PMID- 3164097 TI - Experimental closed head injury in rats: prostaglandin production in a noninjured zone. AB - In a model of closed head injury in rats, a calibrated weight drop device was allowed to fall onto the skull's convexity over the left hemisphere 1 to 2 mm lateral from the midline. Prostaglandin (PG) levels were determined in the frontal cortex region remote from the site of injury where no macroscopic damage could be seen. Differential patterns of temporal changes were evident for PGE2, PGD2, thromboxane (TX) B2, and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the contused hemisphere, but no changes were found in the contralateral hemisphere. The major changes in PG levels were increased levels of PGD2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha that persisted from 18 hours until 10 days after injury. The ratio between TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, which reflects the vascular tone, increased during the early postinjury period (15 minutes and 1 hour) and decreased later, up to 10 days. Thus, a sustained imbalance in favor of the vasodilator is apparent; this may suggest an improved blood supply to the region. Both PGD2 and PGI2 have protective effects in the brain. We suggest that their endogenous increase may be part of a repair mechanism at the periphery of the injured zone. PMID- 3164098 TI - Monitoring ventilator patients for complication. PMID- 3164099 TI - Shalom, Melissa: comforting the terminally ill leukemia patient. Nursing grand rounds. PMID- 3164100 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus antibody testing: time for clinicians to use it. PMID- 3164101 TI - The effect of zidovudine on antigen levels in HIV infection. PMID- 3164102 TI - A trainee intern's experience of everyday problems in general practice. PMID- 3164103 TI - Dental fun at the "Brush-In". PMID- 3164105 TI - Evaluation of CA 125 levels in differentiating malignant from benign tumors in patients with pelvic masses. AB - Serum CA 125 levels were assayed from 44 normal healthy women, 153 patients with benign pelvic masses, and 58 patients with malignant pelvic masses. CA 125 levels were less than 35 U/mL in 42 of the 44 normal women and were greater than 35 but less than 65 U/mL in the other two women. Among 153 patients with benign pelvic masses, CA 125 levels greater than 35, 65, or 194 U/mL were detected in 61 (39.9%), 31 (20.3%), and eight (5.2%) patients, respectively. Of 58 patients with malignant pelvic masses, CA 125 results were greater than 35, 65, or 194 U/mL in 48 (82.8%), 45 (77.6%), and 38 (65.5%), respectively. Among the latter group, the positivity rates of 30 patients with epithelial ovarian cancers were 100, 93, and 80%, respectively. This study suggests that defining positive serum CA 125 levels as those greater than 35 U/mL is of limited clinical value because there is a 39.9% false-positive rate in patients with benign disease. However, serum CA 125 values greater than 65 U/mL may be considered positive in clinically normal women. Serum CA 125 greater than 194 U/mL, representing the units at the 95th percentile for 153 patients with benign pelvic masses, is defined as a new positivity criterion, and could be used to differentiate malignant tumors from benign pelvic masses. PMID- 3164104 TI - Imported dentists. New York State continues to be dependent on out-of-state schools for many of its dentists. PMID- 3164106 TI - Health care needs of ventilator-dependent children. PMID- 3164108 TI - Modulation of tachykinins and bradykinin by enkephalinase. PMID- 3164109 TI - A role for inflammatory mediators in airway hyper-responsiveness. AB - We have demonstrated that PGF2 alpha potentiates airway contraction in vitro and suggested that this response may be mediated by TxA2. We have localized the site of action of PGF2 alpha to a point distal to the parasympathetic ganglion and shown that it is a specific effect since PGD2 produces no similar potentiation. The mechanism of the potentiation may be by a direct alteration in smooth muscle sensitivity induced by TxA2 (Fig. 4). In our previous studies we have been able to induce hyperresponsiveness in vivo (Berend et al., 1986) but no increased responsiveness in vitro (Armour et al., 1987b). In vivo airway hyperresponsiveness may depend on the presence of a mediator like TxA2 which has a short half-life, is produced by continual stimulation of inflammatory cells and which is "washed out" in vitro once the source of stimulation is removed. The fact that we can demonstrate an increase in sensitivity in vitro using PGF2 alpha or a TxA2 analogue, combined with the fact that both mediators are released from a variety of inflammatory cells suggests that one or both of these agents may mediate part of the increased responsiveness observed in asthma. PMID- 3164107 TI - Analysis of the Drosophila rDNA promoter by transient expression. AB - We have examined the expression of the bacterial gene chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) under the control of the Drosophila rDNA promoter following transfection into Drosophila tissue culture cells. Constructs having an entire NTS, corresponding to approximately 3640 base pairs of upstream rDNA sequence, or constructs with 306 base pairs of upstream sequence respectively, are transcribed at 5 fold or 2 fold higher levels than a construct with 43 base pairs of upstream DNA. In co-transfection experiments, the construct with the entire NTS competes for transcription 20 fold more effectively than the construct with 306 base pairs of upstream sequence. Constructs having either 72 base pairs or 60 base pairs of upstream rDNA sequences, on the other hand, are transcribed very much less efficiently than constructs with either 306 bp or with only 43 bp of upstream DNA. These sequences, which reduce levels of rDNA transcription in the absence of additional upstream DNA, lie in a region in which the rDNA promoter differs from its duplications within the NTS. PMID- 3164110 TI - Production of growth factors (PDGF & TGF-beta) at the site of tissue repair. PMID- 3164111 TI - Transforming growth factor beta induces increased directed cellular migration and tissue repair in rats. PMID- 3164112 TI - Influence of sodium salts of saturated medium chain length (C6, C9, C10 and C12) dicarboxylic acids on the uterine horn of rat in vitro. AB - The influence of the sodium salt of some dicarboxylic acids (adipic acid, C6; azelaic acid, C9; sebacic acid, C10; dodecandioic acid, C12) on both spontaneous and evoked activity of uterine horn of rats has been studied in vitro. Spontaneous activity of uterine muscle was inhibited by dicarboxylic salts (DS) causing the total abolition of mechanical events at concentrations of 64 x 10(-3) M-C6, 40 x 10(-3) M-C9, 32 x 10(-3) M-C10 and 24 x 10(-3) M-C12. Dicarboxylic salts antagonized the maximal isometric contraction of the uterine horn induced by administration of acetylcholine, oxytocin or prostaglandins (PGF2 alpha). The amount of antagonism was dependent upon the concentration of DS used. Dicarboxylic salt showed an aspecific inhibitory effect on the uterine horn which progressively increased with their chain length (C12 greater than C10 greater than C9 greater than C6). The results suggested that the inhibitory effects of DS on smooth muscle could be due to a cellular membrane hyperpolarization. PMID- 3164114 TI - [X-ray characteristics of the effect of the action of an experimental model of a chincap]. PMID- 3164113 TI - [Involvement of chromosome 1, associated with t(8;14), in 2 cases of Burkitt's lymphoma and a case of ALL (L3)]. PMID- 3164115 TI - [Changes in the regional blood circulation in the parotid-masticatory area of healthy subjects exposed to the action of a helium-neon laser]. PMID- 3164116 TI - [Is an additional palatal (lingual) injection needed in infiltration anesthesia for tooth treatment?]. PMID- 3164117 TI - [Clinico-morphological validation of the use of a lysozyme-containing paste for preserving dental pulp viability in pulpitis]. PMID- 3164118 TI - [Use of the MK-14I adhesive dressing in the combined treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3164119 TI - [Effectiveness of acyclovir in the therapy of recurrent herpetic stomatitis]. PMID- 3164120 TI - [Treatment of the erosive-ulcerative form of lichen ruber planus]. PMID- 3164122 TI - [Use of low-frequency vibration in the combined treatment of patients with phlegmons of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 3164121 TI - [Ultrasonic treatment in the management of alveolitis]. PMID- 3164123 TI - [Late results of the alcoholization of Gasser's ganglion in trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 3164124 TI - [Classification and comparative characteristics of functional disorders of palatopharyngeal closure following uranoplasty]. PMID- 3164125 TI - [Classification of the deformities of the nose and upper lip following the plastic repair of congenital clefts]. PMID- 3164126 TI - [Artificial ventilation of the lungs by transtracheal injection--a method of achieving safety in the tracheal intubation of patients with ankyloses of the temporomandibular joints and in Treacher Collins syndrome]. PMID- 3164127 TI - [Evaluation of the local anesthetic action of dimedrol in outpatient dental surgery on patients with a drug allergy]. PMID- 3164128 TI - [Procedure for surgical intervention on the regional areas in locally disseminated cancer of the oral mucosa and oropharynx with regional metastases]. PMID- 3164129 TI - [Interference method for monitoring the correction of the dentition]. PMID- 3164130 TI - [Effect of the loss of teeth on the composition of mixed saliva]. PMID- 3164131 TI - [Functional methods of research on the complex assessment of traumatic dental overload and underload]. PMID- 3164132 TI - [Assessment of the corrosion resistance of dentures with protective decorative coatings]. PMID- 3164133 TI - [Evaluation of the reliability of prognostic tests for dental resistance to caries]. PMID- 3164134 TI - [Chronic hyperplastic osteomyelitis of the mandible in children and young persons]. PMID- 3164135 TI - [Primary chronic parotitis in children]. PMID- 3164136 TI - [Staphylococcal flora of the oral and nasal mucosa in patients with congenital cleft lip and palate]. PMID- 3164137 TI - [Mechanism of the effect of a soft dental deposit on saccharose accumulation]. PMID- 3164138 TI - [Age-related characteristics of maxillofacial structure in 7- to 15-year-old children with orthognathic and prognathic bites based on teleroentgenographic data]. PMID- 3164139 TI - [Assessment of the development of the permanent teeth in children]. PMID- 3164140 TI - [Epidemiology of dental caries in the Ukrainian SSR]. PMID- 3164142 TI - [Experimental morphological study of tooth replantation en bloc with the circular gingival ligament]. PMID- 3164141 TI - [Organization of early specialized care at the All-Union Center for the Treatment of Children with Congenital Developmental Defects of the Face and Jaws]. PMID- 3164143 TI - [Changes in the depth of the gingival groove during the preparation of crowns]. PMID- 3164144 TI - [Modification of a method of correcting x-rays of the facial skeleton for printing]. PMID- 3164145 TI - [Status of the maxillofacial area after the surgical treatment of maxillary sinusitis in childhood]. PMID- 3164146 TI - [Prevention and cure of psychoemotional stress in patients during outpatient dental visits]. PMID- 3164148 TI - [Characteristics of the shaping of practical skills and habits in oral surgery in 3d- and 4th-year students of a dentistry department at a polyclinic]. PMID- 3164147 TI - [Experience in conducting a subject olympiad among students]. PMID- 3164149 TI - Pharmacokinetics of heparins differing in mean molecular weight using a Xa amidolytic and Heptest clotting method. AB - The pharmacokinetics of heparins ranging in mean MW from 23,000 to 4,500 were determined using a new clotting test (Heptest) and an anti-Xa, amidolytic method. No significant difference between the two methods was observed in the calculated values for distribution volume (Vd), halflife (t1/2), plasma clearance (Clp) or area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for heparins of any MW. However, when pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from both methods were compared as a function of MW, significant differences were observed. Values for t1/2 averaged from the two methods increased with decreasing MW. The t1/2 values were 30, 35, and 50 min for the 23,000, 13,300, and 5,100 MW fractions, respectively. Similarly, AUC increased with decreasing MW while Clp decreased. All heparins were observed to have VdS approximating the plasma compartment. A slightly larger Vd was observed with the lowest MW heparin. PMID- 3164150 TI - Effect of ofloxacin on the pharmacokinetics of a single intravenous theophylline dose. AB - The effect of ofloxacin taken for 8 days (200 mg twice daily) on the pharmacokinetics of a single intravenous dose of theophylline (4.3 mg/kg over 15 min) was studied in a crossover procedure among seven healthy male volunteers. Theophylline concentrations were measured serially for 10 h by the immunofluorescence polarization technique. No significant effect of ofloxacin was found on theophylline clearance, half-life, or volume of distribution. It is therefore concluded that ofloxacin and theophylline can be safely administered together. PMID- 3164151 TI - Effects of inflammatory lymphokines on Ia expression and lymphocyte binding to vascular endothelium. PMID- 3164153 TI - [Reader survey 1988 of the periodical, "Zahntechnik"]. PMID- 3164152 TI - Sexing of sperm by flow cytometry. AB - Economics dictate that livestock producers will be under increasing pressure to optimise output. A technique for sex pre-selection could help by reducing the number of females required to produce a given number of progeny of the desired sex; the technique would be particularly useful to the dairy industry. Live mammalian sperm, stained with a vital dye and analysed by flow cytometry, show a bimodal fluorescence distribution. Such bimodality may represent two overlapping subpopulations of X- and Y-chromosome bearing sperm. To test this hypothesis, sperm from the two subpopulations were separated using the sorting capacity of a flow cytometer and were used for the insemination of suitably prepared females. The sex of the resulting progeny was determined either by anatomical criteria or by identification of the sex chromosomes by karyotyping. Insufficient data are available so far to provide statistically significant evidence in support of the hypothesis, but a preliminary sequential analysis indicates a progressive tendency towards significance. PMID- 3164155 TI - [Smoking or health]. PMID- 3164156 TI - [Reportable tumors of the tongue in the capital of the district of Halle/Saale]. PMID- 3164154 TI - [Clinical and technical methods of treatment of an edentulous mouth]. PMID- 3164157 TI - Efficacy of coumermycin, ofloxacin and vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in experimental infections of mice. AB - In vitro, coumermycin (a bis-hydroxicoumarin gyrase inhibitor) proved significantly more active than ofloxacin and vancomycin against 100 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The MIC90 was 0.5 microgram/ml, whereas the corresponding figures for the other antimicrobials were 2.0 and 4.0 micrograms/ml. In vivo, an otherwise lethal septicemia, induced by intraperitoneal administration of a MRSA in mice, was "successfully treated" in 50% of the animals (ED50) with the following dosages (microgram/g b. wt.): coumermycin 0.9, ofloxacin 10.8, vancomycin 22.4. The ED50 of coumermycin was significantly (2 p less than 0.01) different from those of the other drugs. Renal infection as produced in mice by transcutaneous inoculation of the same MRSA was treated with either of the antimicrobials at different dosages (single doses of 0.0 or 1.6 or 6.3 or 25.0 micrograms/g b. wt., twice daily) during 6 days. The largest reductions of viable counts in the kidneys at each dosage as compared to the bacterial counts of untreated animals were achieved with coumermycin (3.4 or 5.5 or 7.7 log10). These reductions are significantly (2 p less than 0.01) different from those achieved with the comparable dosages of ofloxacin and vancomycin which were 0.1 or 1.8 or 2.8 and 0.4 or 1.4 or 3.0 log10 respectively. After a single subcutaneous injection of 250 micrograms mean concentrations in serum of mice for coumermycin were 6.2-5.0 micrograms/ml for 8 h, for ofloxacin 2.0-0.5 micrograms/ml for 2 h, and for vancomycin 14.7-2.5 micrograms/ml for 2 h. Coumermycin and ofloxacin could be alternatives to vancomycin in the therapy of human infections due to MRSA. PMID- 3164159 TI - Program of plenary sessions and advance abstracts of short communications. 32. Symposium Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Endokrinologie. Hamburg, February 17-20, 1988. PMID- 3164160 TI - Dental health status in two groups of refugees in Sweden. AB - The aim of this study was to determine dental health status in two separate groups of Chilean and Polish refugees in Sweden. In Scandinavia, Sweden has the largest number of immigrants--1 million out of a population of 8.3 million. Since 1975, most immigrants have been refugees and their families. During 1978-82 Sweden granted residency to 20,000 refugees, the two largest groups being Chileans and Poles. In 1981-83 a sample of 193 Chilean and 92 Polish refugees in the county of Stockholm were selected for this study. The investigation consisted of a questionnaire followed by clinical examination, including roentgenograms. The average age was 34.0 years in the Chilean group and 34.8 years in the Polish group. The Chileans had been in Sweden for 17.3 months on an average and the Poles for 16.0 months. The Chileans had an average of 10.0 carious surfaces, D(s), and the Poles 11.3. Gingivitis was recorded in 87% of the total number of sites examined in the Chilean group. The corresponding figure in the Polish group was 79%. Of the Chileans 36.5% and of the Poles 32.5% had periodontal pockets measuring more than 5 mm. The results indicate that, when compared with Swedish individuals of a corresponding age, the refugee groups have a high prevalence of caries and periodontal disease. PMID- 3164158 TI - Evidence for secondary 5 alpha-reductase deficiency in genital and supra-pubic skin of subjects with androgen insensitivity syndrome. AB - The activity of 5 alpha-reductase in genital and supra-pubic skin (homogenate or fibroblasts) from subjects with complete or incomplete androgen insensitivity syndrome was low compared with mean activity in samples from normally differentiated male controls. Also, in two subjects with incomplete androgen insensitivity syndrome the ratio of the concentration of testosterone to that of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in plasma was raised after hCG stimulation but normal under basal conditions. In three subjects with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome there was no evidence of raised ratios of testosterone to 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone in plasma under basal or hCG-stimulated conditions. The activities of other steroid metabolizing enzymes, e.g. 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3 alpha/beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, were not decreased. The low 5 alpha-reductase activity of androgen insensitive subjects reported here, and by others, may imply that this enzyme in genital skin is in some way androgen dependent, or responsive to other factors associated with androgen insensitivity syndrome. PMID- 3164161 TI - A computerized system to measure interproximal alveolar bone levels in epidemiologic, radiographic investigations. I. Methodologic study. AB - The aims of the study were to adapt a computerized system to epidemiologic conditions, for rapid full-mouth measurements of alveolar bone levels from X5 magnified periapical radiographs and to analyze the variations in measurement due to different system components. Full-mouth measurements of interproximal alveolar bone height in percentage of root and tooth lengths were completed within an average time of 15 min per set of radiographs. An analysis of variance showed that the examiner variation in measurement of a linear scale distance was 0.02 mm. The measurement accuracy was different for different distances; each distance (d) measured with this system should therefore be calibrated with the equation Y = -0.007-0.014 (log3d-1.50), where Y is the estimate of measurement accuracy. The present computerized system enabled rapid recordings and demonstrated good measurement precision and accuracy; these are valuable features in epidemiologic investigations. PMID- 3164162 TI - Intra-articular and skin surface temperature of the temporomandibular joint in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Intra-articular and skin surface temperatures of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were investigated in 34 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). History was taken, and a clinical examination of the stomatognathic system was performed. The intra-articular temperature measurement was made with a thermocouple inserted through a needle, and the skin surface measurement was made with a thermocouple lateral to the condylar pole. The intra-articular temperature was lower for 37% and higher for 30% of the patients, whereas skin surface temperature was lower for 18% and higher for 6%, compared with normal individuals. Intra-articular and skin surface temperatures were positively correlated, and the average difference between skin surface and intra-articular temperatures was 1.6 degrees C. The intra-articular temperature was most strongly and positively correlated to the number of joint regions affected by RA and negatively correlated to the number of tender masticatory muscles, whereas skin surface temperature was most strongly and positively correlated to room temperature and negatively correlated to the number of tender masticatory muscles. These results indicate that pain and tenderness of masticatory muscles in RA are associated with hypothermia of the TMJ. PMID- 3164164 TI - Salivary lactobacilli and yeasts in relation to caries increment. Annually repeated measurements versus a single determination. AB - The purpose was to compare annually repeated measurements with a single determination of salivary lactobacilli and yeasts in distinguishing subjects with high and low caries increments. The determinations were carried out using Dentocult and Oricult chair-side methods in connection with a 3-year oral health preventive program. The subjects were institutionalized Hungarian children (n = 257), ranging from six to eleven years of age. The data were analyzed by comparing the age-adjusted means of caries increment in subjects with positive and negative microbiological findings. In comparison with a single determination, two or three annual measurements of the tests proved to increase the ability to distinguish subjects with respect to the 3-year caries increment. The analysis of the repeated measurements providing longitudinal information of these microorganisms probably included the time factor required for development of caries. PMID- 3164163 TI - Short-term effect of physical training on temporomandibular joint disorder in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Twenty-eight individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 32 individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with symptoms or signs of temporomandibular joint disorder were studied. For both diseases the individuals were divided into an experimental group (E group) and a comparison group (C group). The study included a questionnaire on dental and medical history, clinical examination of the stomatognathic system, and laboratory tests. A physical training program for the stomatognathic system was administered in the E groups, while the C groups were used as controls. All groups were followed up after 3 weeks. In all four groups the individuals reported less severity of temporomandibular joint disorder at the follow-up study after physical training. The maximum voluntary mouth opening capacity increased, and the clinical dysfunction score of Helkimo decreased in the two E groups but not in the C groups. The short-term results of this study show that physical training of the stomatognathic system improves the mandibular mobility in individuals with RA and AS and reduces the clinical dysfunction extent in individuals with RA. PMID- 3164165 TI - Oral lichenoid reactions related to composite restorations. Preliminary report. AB - Lichenoid lesions topographically related to resin-based composite restorations were observed in 17 patients. In eight of these the composite had been inserted to replace amalgam restorations that were topographically related to lichenoid lesions. The other nine had no history of lichenoid lesions. Total remission occurred in four cases after the composite had been replaced with gold inlays or gold-porcelain crowns, and partial remission has been observed in five patients so far. The use of posterior composite restorations is rapidly increasing, and possible side effects, such as erosive lichenoid lesions, caused by these restorations should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lesions in the oral mucosa. PMID- 3164166 TI - The softness and initial flow of temporary soft lining materials. AB - The initial flow of four temporary soft lining materials was studied with a simple laboratory test procedure, using a parallel-plate plastimeter. The flow in a clinical situation was further investigated, together with a clinical assessment of softness. The results indicate that a 2-mm thickness of temporary soft lining material is considered suitable for use as a tissue conditioner. The thickness of lining material is influenced by the clinical technique and by the powder to liquid ratio; however, the scope for altering the ratio is limited. PMID- 3164168 TI - Prophylactic Retrovir study for health care workers. PMID- 3164167 TI - Case-control study of childhood cancer and exposure to 60-Hz magnetic fields. AB - Concern with health effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields has been raised by epidemiologic studies of childhood cancer in relation to proximity to electric power distribution lines. This case-control study was designed to assess the relation between residential exposure to magnetic fields and the development of childhood cancer. Eligible cases consisted of all 356 residents of the five county 1970 Denver, Colorado Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area aged 0-14 years who were diagnosed with any form of cancer between 1976 and 1983. Controls were selected by random digit dialing to approximate the case distribution by age, sex, and telephone exchange area. Exposure was characterized through in-home electric and magnetic field measurements under low and high power use conditions and wire configuration codes, a surrogate measure of long-term magnetic field levels. Measured magnetic fields under low power use conditions had a modest association with cancer incidence; a cutoff score of 2.0 milligauss resulted in an odds ratio of 1.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.6-2.9) for total cancers and somewhat larger odds ratios (ORs) for leukemias (OR = 1.9), lymphomas (OR = 2.2), and soft tissue sarcomas (OR = 3.3). Neither magnetic fields (OR = 1.0) nor electric fields (OR = 0.9) under high power use conditions were related to total cancers. Wire codes associated with higher magnetic fields were more common among case than control homes. The odds ratio to contrast very high and high to very low, low, and buried wire codes was 1.5 (95% CI = 1.0-2.3) for total cases, with consistency across cancer subgroups except for brain cancer (OR = 2.0) and lymphomas (OR = 0.8). Contrasts of very high to buried wire code homes produced larger, less precise odds ratios of 2.3 for total cases, 2.9 for leukemias, and 3.3 for lymphomas. Adjusted estimates for measured fields and wire codes did not differ from crude results, indicating an absence of confounding. Limitations to the study are nonresponse (especially for field measurements), differential mobility of cases and controls, and a presumably nondifferential exposure misclassification from the use of imperfect surrogates for long-term magnetic field exposure history. In spite of these concerns, the results encourage further examination of the carcinogenic potential from this form of nonionizing radiation. PMID- 3164169 TI - Different ATP-catabolism in reperfused adult and newborn rat hearts. AB - Age-dependent differences in the effects of ischemia and reperfusion on ATP breakdown were studied in perfused adult and newborn (10 days old) rat hearts. No flow ischemia (15 min at 37, 30, or 23 degrees C) was applied and reperfusion (20 min at 37 degrees C) was studied after ischemia at 23 or 37 degrees C. Hypothermia during ischemia protected both age groups to a similar degree against ATP decline, which was linear with temperature. Reperfusion after normothermic ischemia resulted in higher ATP levels in newborn hearts with less release of ATP catabolites (purines). We found no age-related differences in lactate release but large differences in purine release. During normoxia, adult hearts released mainly urate (80% of total) and inosine (7%), but newborns released hypoxanthine (64%) and inosine (15%). Early during reperfusion adult hearts released inosine (58%) and adenosine (18%), but newborns released inosine (53%) and hypoxanthine (38%). These data suggested a lower activity of the potentially deleterious enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase in newborn hearts, which was confirmed by enzymatic assay. ATP-catabolite release during reperfusion was less in newborn than adult hearts, and this coincided with lower xanthine oxidase activity. PMID- 3164170 TI - Eating disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. PMID- 3164171 TI - Isolation of nuclei from melittin-destabilized cells. AB - Melittin, the hydrophobic polypeptide from bee venom, sufficiently destabilizes the plasma membrane of cultured cells to allow cell disruption in the absence of detergents with minimal homogenization. Nuclei are thus isolated in high yield with intact nuclear membranes and high transcriptional activity. PMID- 3164173 TI - "The chronic fatigue syndrome". PMID- 3164172 TI - Update on AIDS--new video cassette. PMID- 3164174 TI - Serum vitamin A status in acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood. AB - Serum vitamin A status was assessed at the diagnosis in 31 children with common acute lymphocytic leukemia (CALL) and seven with T-cell leukemia (T-ALL). A control population consisting of 22 children was established to serve as one basis for comparison. Mean concentrations of vitamin A, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and prealbumin (PA) were significantly less (p less than 0.01) in the sera of patients with T-ALL when compared with the controls. Similarly, mean RBP and PA levels were reduced (p less than 0.01) in the sera of patients with CALL. In addition, "euretinolemic" and "hyporetinolemic" subgroups of CALL were identified comprising 74.2 percent and 25.8 percent of the patient population, respectively. The latter differed from the euretinolemic patients by being younger and showing an even greater decrease in the serum concentrations of RBP and PA. These findings indicate that there are factors affecting carrier proteins of vitamin A in childhood T-cell and common ALL; also, the data provide further evidence of the heterogeneity of common acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood. PMID- 3164175 TI - Sleep apnea in olivopontocerebellar degeneration: treatment with trazodone. AB - A 37-year-old man with a 19-year history of progressive autosomal-dominant olivopontocerebellar degeneration developed excessive daytime sleepiness and paroxysmal episodes that clinically resembled an ictal or postictal state. Polysomnography showed sleep apnea. Long-term therapy with trazodone resulted in resolution of the paroxysmal episodes, disappearance of daytime sleepiness, and gradual improvement of sleep architecture over several months. PMID- 3164176 TI - Cocaine and Tourette's syndrome. PMID- 3164177 TI - [Effect of low-dose Ara-C regimen on myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)]. AB - A low-dose Ara C (LDAC) regimen (0.2 mg/kg/d) was tried in two groups of eleven patients with MDS and in ten with hypoplastic leukemia (HL) proven by biopsy. In HL, seven patients achieved complete remission (CR), but CR duration was rather short (4-9 months). Some cases showing relapse could be induced back into CR by the LDAC regimen. All patients showed marked bone marrow aplasia before reaching CR. Therefore, the main effect of LDAC was considered to be cytotoxic activity. In one HL patient, the karyotype of 47, XX, +8 at diagnosis was converted to normal, 46, XX after CR. In MDS, there were no CR cases but five patients partially responded to the LDAC regimen. One patient died of cerebral hemorrhage soon after LDAC treatment. Three patients developed overt leukemia and in one of them the disease was well controlled by LDAC over thirty months. One patient with typical refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) suffered severe bone marrow aplasia after 12 mg/d for 10 days of LDAC, but one month later his hematopoiesis gradually recovered and reached a normal hemoglobin level (12 g/dl). However, all of his karotypes showed 45, XY, -7 at that time. LDAC regimen is effective, especially for HL, but may have a limited effect on MDS. PMID- 3164178 TI - [Surgical treatment of bone and soft tissue tumors in the sacroiliac area--low- and high-grade neoplasms]. AB - Operative treatment of tumors in the sacroiliac area is very difficult for the orthopedic surgeon. We reviewed low- and high-grade neoplasms in the sacrum and part of the ilium. Primary bone tumors were giant cell tumor, chondrosarcoma and others; invading bone tumors were carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and others; soft tissue tumors were liposarcoma, metastasis of extraskeletal chondrosarcoma and others; total, 19 cases. The preoperative treatment performed was embolization, intra-arterial infusion (chemotherapy) and radiation therapy. The surgical approach used were the posterior, posterolateral, anterior and posterior, anterior and lateral combined approach. The transiliac procedure using the posterolateral approach gives better visualization adjacent to the sacroiliac area. The gap between the sacrum and the ilium is bridged by grafting the resected ilium. The anterior and lateral combined approach was used in the resection of large iliac tumors, and the abdominoinguinal approach was selected for large retroperitoneal tumors. The surgical treatment performed ranged from simple to wide excision, including the external iliac vessels or rectum, and also palliative surgery. Reconstructive surgery was done for reconstruction of the pelvic ring, spinal fusion using instrumentation and replacement of artificial vessels. Many complications and functional loss requiring treatment were encountered. PMID- 3164180 TI - [Efficacy and problems of radio- and chemo-combination therapy for malignant bone tumors]. AB - In this study we reviewed cases of osteosarcoma, malignant lymphoma of bone and Ewing's sarcoma. Historically, osteosarcoma was unresponsive to chemotherapy. Most patients were treated by radiation or amputation alone and 80% of them died from pulmonary metastasis within 2 years. Five-year survival rate was 13%. Introduction of ADM, HD-MTX and CDDP improved dramatically the prognosis of these cases. Five-year survival rate was 60%. On the other hand, 11 cases of malignant lymphoma of bone and 4 cases of Ewing's sarcoma were treated by radiation with no local recurrence. VEPA or CHOP chemotherapy was used for the former with a five year survival rate of 45%. For the latter, T-11 protocol (Rosen) was applied, and all patients survive with no metastasis. Other organ injuries circulatory disturbance, bone necrosis and growth-disturbance of bone in radiotherapy, myocardiopathy caused by ADM and renal toxicity of CDDP are all problematic. PMID- 3164179 TI - [Limb salvage surgery for pelvic malignancies followed by reconstruction with hip endoprosthesis]. AB - Between 1983 and 1987, nine patients with pelvic malignancy were treated with limb salvage surgery and preoperative chemotherapy. They were 6 males and 3 females, ranging in age from 13 to 73. There were 4 chondrosarcomas, 3 osteosarcomas and 2 Ewing's sarcomas. Seven patients received preoperative chemotherapy mainly consisting of adriamycin and cis-platinum. The remaining 2 patients with Ewing's sarcoma received T-11 protocol by Rosen. Surgical margins were wide but partially marginal in 6 patients and intra-lesional in 3 patients. Reconstruction with hip endoprosthesis fixed with screws and bone cement in the sacrum was performed after whole involved iliac bone was resected. Local recurrence was detected in one patient with osteosarcoma treated by marginal resection and 2 patients treated by intralesional resection. Complications occurred in 5 patients. Dislocation was observed in the first patient in this series. Other complications were infection in one patient, sciatic nerve palsy in one patient and leg length shortening in 2 patients. One patient walks without crutches, 5 patients with them. One patient uses a wheelchair and 2 patients are on bed rest. Four patients survived with no evidence of disease for 8-51 months (average 25 months). Two patients have survived with disease for 11-16 months (average 14 months). Three patients died from metastasis a 6-10 months (average 9 months). PMID- 3164181 TI - [Clinical study of acute cardiotoxicity of anti-cancer agents-- analysis using Holter ECG monitoring]. AB - To investigate the features of acute cardiotoxicity caused by the anticancer agents, adriamycin (ADM), THP-adriamycin (THP), epirubicin (epi-ADM) and mitoxantrone (MIX), Holter electrocardiograms were recorded before and after administration of these drugs and some of the electrocardiographic parameters were analyzed. The heart rate tended to increase after ADM administration, but other agents had no effect. The basic rhythm was sinus rhythm in many cases except for only one case in which intermittent atrial fibrillation developed after ADM administration. These agents had no effects on the specialized conduction system. With regard to supraventricular premature beats, no increase in preexisting supraventricular premature beats was observed, but there was a slight tendency for the fresh appearance of supraventricular extrasystoles after administration of these agents. On the other hand, ventricular premature beats tended to increase in number and severity after ADM therapy. The other three agents induced no significant increase in ventricular extrasystoles. Development of ST-T changes was seen after the administration of ADM and THP, but epi-ADM and MIX produced no significant changes. In conclusion, epi-ADM and MIX were less cardiotoxic than ADM and THP. PMID- 3164182 TI - [Pharmacokinetic studies of N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (BH-AC) by 30-minute infusion with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia--the possibility of administration for outpatients]. PMID- 3164183 TI - A single dominant gene can account for eye tracking dysfunctions and schizophrenia in offspring of discordant twins. AB - Eye movement dysfunctions (EMDs), detectable during smooth pursuit, occur in a majority of schizophrenics and in 45% of their first-degree relatives. Previous data suggest that they represent a biologic marker for schizophrenia. To determine the mode of transmission of the schizophrenia-EMD complex, the eye movements of offspring of monozygotic and dizygotic twins were recorded. One group of twins was discordant for schizophrenia; the other group for manic depression or reactive psychosis. The data suggest that EMDs and at least some schizophrenias can be considered expressions of a single underlying trait that is transmitted by an autosomal dominant gene. PMID- 3164184 TI - Phosphorylation, anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity of 3'-fluorothymidine. AB - 3'-fluorothymidine (FddThd) is well phosphorylated to the 5'-triphosphate in various relevant cell-lines. This results in fairly stable levels of this compound without accumulation of the 5'-monophosphate to the extent described for 3'-azidothymidine (AzT). The di- and triphosphate of FddThd seems unable to influence the ribonucleotide reductase in permeable cells. FddThd protects 50% of the MT-4 cells against the cytopathic effect of HIV at 3 nM, but reduces the number of uninfected viable cells to 50% at 1.1 microM. All other tested human cell-lines displayed a far less antiproliferative sensitivity to FddThd, comparable with that of AzT. PMID- 3164185 TI - [Effect of the molecular structure of natural anthracycline antibiotics on their relative hydrophobicity]. AB - Relative hydrophobicities of anthracycline antibiotics, adriamycin, rubomycin and carminomycin, have been measured by the two-phase distribution method. Two different biphasic systems were used for this purpose. Possible reasons of discrepancies between results obtained and other authors, data are discussed. It was established that the relative hydrophobicities of the compounds investigated contradict the theory of increment additivity. The results are compared with quantum-chemical calculations. PMID- 3164186 TI - [Ciprofloxacin in combination with other antimicrobial substances]. AB - The antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin, either alone or in combination with azlocillin, imipenem, mezlocillin or tobramycin, was tested against enterococcus and pseudomonas species. No synergy or antagonism was found by means of the checkerboard titration method used. Subsequently, the bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin (2 x minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC), azlocillin, imipenem, mezlocillin or tobramycin (2 x MIC) either alone or in combination (1 x MIC each of each substance) was tested against individual strains. No reduction of bactericidal activity in comparison with the effect of the single substances at higher concentration was found, even though the concentrations of each substance were halved. An antagonism is unlikely when ciprofloxacin is combined with one of the beta-lactams studied or with tobramycin. More likely is a slight synergistic effect. PMID- 3164187 TI - A palatal package. PMID- 3164189 TI - Dental care for ethnic minorities. PMID- 3164188 TI - 'Barriers to the receipt of dental care'. PMID- 3164190 TI - Attitudes and practices regarding control of cross-infection. PMID- 3164191 TI - 'A cardiac arrest in the dental chair'. PMID- 3164192 TI - The electronic detection of demineralisation in occlusal fissures. PMID- 3164193 TI - A three-year study of the clinical performance of a posterior composite and a lathe cut amalgam alloy. PMID- 3164194 TI - The British Dental Association Museum. PMID- 3164195 TI - 'A cardiac arrest in the dental chair'. PMID- 3164196 TI - Sugar in crisps, nuts and savoury snacks. PMID- 3164197 TI - 'Ceramics in clinical dentistry'. PMID- 3164198 TI - 'Has occlusal caries become more difficult to diagnose?'. PMID- 3164199 TI - 'Postgraduate education--a new dimension'. PMID- 3164200 TI - Complications of pin placement. PMID- 3164201 TI - AIDS update. PMID- 3164202 TI - Changes in the distribution of decayed and filled tooth surfaces and the progression of approximal caries in children between the ages of 11-12 years and 15-16 years. PMID- 3164203 TI - Quality control in the processing of dental radiographs. A practical guide to sensitometry. PMID- 3164205 TI - Two different classification systems of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 3164204 TI - The management of occlusal caries in permanent molars. A clinical trial comparing a minimal composite restoration with an occlusal amalgam restoration. PMID- 3164206 TI - Cervical dilatation by Lamicel before first trimester abortion: a clinical and experimental study. AB - Twenty women were treated with Lamicel tents for 4 h and 20 women for 16 h before vacuum aspiration in the first trimester of pregnancy. The shorter time of treatment was as effective as the longer time with respect to cervical softening and dilatation. In comparison with an untreated control group, Lamicel treatment was followed by an increased collagenolytic activity and increased sensitivity to prostaglandin E2 of the cervical smooth muscle. PMID- 3164207 TI - First premolar extractions and fixed appliances in the Class II division 1 malocclusion. AB - This cephalometric study investigates the changes in the facial skeleton and dento-alveolar structures which occur during orthodontic treatment of the Class II Division 1 malocclusion by extraction of four first premolars followed by fixed appliances. The Begg and edgewise appliances are compared, and both are contrasted with a group of untreated Class II Division 1 subjects. The main effects of treatment were in the dento-alveolar structures, the changes in the overall facial pattern being small and largely due to extrusion of the molars during overbite reduction. Molar extrusion tended to interrupt forward growth rotation of the mandible, temporarily making it more backwards in direction, and increasing the lower anterior face height. An increase in the posterior lower face height was also noted in the edgewise group. Whilst SN A, and therefore AN B, reduced significantly during treatment, this was probably the result of palatal root torque to the upper incisors. The Begg appliance was more successful than edgewise in this respect. PMID- 3164208 TI - Traumatically induced maxillary retrusion--a case report of orthodontic management with the protraction headgear. AB - A 46-year-old male Caucasian with traumatically induced maxillary retrusion was referred for orthodontic treatment, eight weeks after the original fracture had occurred. Initial surgical reduction and fixation had been successful, when a second traumatic episode was encountered. This resulted in a further degree of posterior maxillary displacement, which was resistant to further surgical reduction. The resulting Class III malocclusion was treated using maxillary protraction headgear, in conjunction with removable orthodontic appliances and intermaxillary traction. Appliances were worn full time and inter-arch correction was achieved in six months. The resulting occlusion proved to be stable following the cessation of active treatment. PMID- 3164209 TI - Effect of patient repositioning on cephalometric measurements. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution to tracing error of positioning the patient within the cephalostat. It was carried out by comparing the differences between repeated measurements from two 'same day' radiographs, with the differences between measurements from two tracings of the same radiograph. PMID- 3164210 TI - An 'invisible' supernumerary tooth. AB - A case is reported of an unerupted maxillary supernumerary tooth, apparently undergoing resorption, which was not visible on extra-oral radiographs, but was clearly visible on an intra-oral occlusal radiograph. PMID- 3164211 TI - Changes in the complexity of orthodontic treatment for patients referred to a teaching hospital. AB - The records of 200 orthodontic patients accepted for treatment by the Orthodontic Department of the Bristol Dental Hospital in 1977 were compared with 200 taken on in 1985 in order to determine whether there had been any change in the proportion of referred cases requiring more complex procedures. Within each sample, cases were categorized as follows: (a) suitable for removable appliance treatment by an undergraduate or general practitioner; (b) requiring simple one arch fixed appliance treatment such as might be attempted by a general practitioner after a period of further training; (c) needing specialist treatment such as full multibracketed fixed appliances or orthognathic surgery. It was found that there had been no change in the proportions of simple and complex cases referred during the 8-year period although the proportion of patients now receiving complex treatment had increased greatly. Possible explanations and implications are discussed. PMID- 3164212 TI - A comparative analysis of the Class III malocclusion with and without an anterior mandibular displacement on closure. AB - A retrospective cephalometric study investigated the differences in the skeletal pattern of the Class III malocclusion. Thirty Caucasian adolescents with an anterior mandibular displacement on closure were compared to an equal number without such a displacement before treatment, at the end of treatment and at least 1 year out of retention. PMID- 3164213 TI - Space maintenance for an upper central incisor during treatment: an aesthetic solution. AB - An aesthetic solution is offered to the problem of space maintenance following the re-opening of space for an upper central incisor. PMID- 3164214 TI - The undergraduate curriculum: robbing Peter to pay Paul? PMID- 3164215 TI - Maurice Berman--straight wire myths. Interview by Robert Kirschen. PMID- 3164216 TI - Two-dimensional NMR studies of Kazal proteinase inhibitors. 1. Sequence-specific assignments and secondary structure of turkey ovomucoid third domain. AB - Two-dimensional proton NMR experiments have been used to sequentially assign resonances to all of the peptide backbone protons of turkey ovomucoid third domain (OMTKY3) except those of the N-terminal alpha-amino group whose signal was not resolved owing to exchange with the solvent. Assignments also have been made for more than 80% of the side-chain protons. Two-dimensional chemical shift correlated spectroscopy (COSY), relayed coherence transfer spectroscopy (RELAY), and two-dimensional homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn spectroscopy (HOHAHA) were used to identify the spin systems of almost half of the residues prior to sequential assignment. Assignments were based on two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancements observed between adjacent residues. The secondary structure of OMTKY3 in solution was determined from additional assigned NOESY cross-peaks; it closely resembles the secondary structure determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction of OMTKY3 in complex with Streptomyces griseus proteinase B [Fujinaga, M., Read, R.J., Sielecki, A., Ardelt, W., Laskowski, M., Jr., & James, M.N.G. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 4868-4872]. The NMR data provide evidence for three slowly exchanging amide protons that were not identified as hydrogen-bond donors in the crystal structure. PMID- 3164217 TI - Mechanism-based isocoumarin inhibitors for trypsin and blood coagulation serine proteases: new anticoagulants. AB - Trypsin, porcine pancreatic kallikrein, and several blood coagulation enzymes, including bovine thrombin, bovine factor Xa, human factor Xa, human plasma factor XIa, human plasma factor XIIa, and human plasma kallikrein, were inactivated by a number of substituted isocoumarins containing basic functional groups (aminoalkoxy, guanidino, and isothiureidoalkoxy). 3-Alkoxy-4-chloro-7 guanidinoisocoumarins were found to be the most potent inhibitors for the coagulation enzymes tested with kobsd/[I] values in the range of 10(3)-10(5) M-1 s-1. 4-Chloro-3-isothiureidoalkoxyisocoumarins show high inhibitory potency toward porcine pancreatic kallikrein, human plasma kallikrein, human factor XIa, human factor XIIa, and trypsin with kobsd/[I] values of the order of 10(4)-10(5) M-1 s-1. The inhibition of these serine proteases by the substituted isocoumarins are time dependent, and the inactivation of trypsin by 3-alkoxy-4-chloro-7 guanidinoisocoumarins and 7-amino-4-chloro-3-(3-isothiureidopropoxy)isocoumarin occured concurrently with the loss of the isocoumarin absorbance. The complex formed from inactivation of trypsin by these two types of inhibitors was very stable and regained less than 4% activity in 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1 piperazineethanesulfonic acid buffer (pH 7.5) after 1 day at 25 degrees C and regained 8-45% activity upon addition of buffered 0.29 M hydroxylamine. Trypsin inactivated by other inhibitors regained full activity upon standing or addition of hydroxylamine. Thrombin inactivated by 3-alkoxy-4-chloro-7 guanidinoisocoumarins was also quite stable and only regained 9-15% activity under similar conditions. These results are consistent with a proposed mechanism, where serine proteases inactivated by aminoalkoxyisocoumarins or isothiureidoalkoxyisocoumarins form acyl enzymes that will deacylate upon standing or addition of hydroxylamine. However, the acyl enzymes formed from 3 alkoxy-4-chloro-7-guanidinoisocoumarins or 7-amino-4-chloro-3-(3 isothiureidopropoxy)-isocoumarin will decompose further, probably through a quinone imine methide, to give an irreversibly inactivated enzyme by reaction with an active-site nucleophile such as His-57. The quinone imine methide intermediate may also react with a solvent nucleophile to give an acyl enzyme that can be reactivated by hydroxylamine. The inhibitors 4-chloro-7-guanidino-3 methoxyisocoumarin and 4-chloro-3-ethoxy-7-guanidinoisocoumarin have been tested as anticoagulants in human plasma and were effective at prolonging the prothrombin time. However, they are unstable in plasma (t1/2 = 4-8 min), and their in vivo utility may be limited. PMID- 3164218 TI - Phospholipid asymmetry in renal brush-border membranes. AB - The topological distribution of phospholipids between the inside and the outside of rabbit kidney brush-border membranes has been investigated by incubating membrane vesicles with sphingomyelinase, phospholipases A2 from bee venom and hog pancreas, phospholipases C and D, and trinitrobenzene sulfonate. Orientation and integrity of vesicles upon phospholipase treatment was determined by using two monoclonal antibodies recognizing an extracytoplasmic and a cytoplasmic domain, respectively, of the neutral endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11). It is shown that the transbilayer distribution of phospholipids is highly asymmetrical in kidney brush border membranes: sphingomyelin accounted for 75% of the phospholipids present in the external leaflet, whereas phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine plus phosphatidylinositol were found to comprise the majority of the inner layer of the membrane. PMID- 3164219 TI - 13-cis-retinoic acid stimulates in vitro mannose 6-phosphate hydrolysis and inhibits retinol esterification and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylation by rat-liver microsomes. AB - 13-cis-Retinoic acid, a drug used at high doses in the treatment of recalcitrant acne, increased the permeability of rat-liver microsomal membranes to mannose 6 phosphate in vitro, as indicated by an increase in mannose-6-phosphatase activity. At the same concentrations, four other amphiphiles, including all-trans retinoic acid, were much less effective. 13-cis-Retinoic acid also inhibited retinol esterification and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylation in microsome preparations in vitro. Although the molecular mechanism and the reversibility of these effects have not yet been studied, the interaction of 13-cis-retinoic acid with cell membranes may well be involved in both its therapeutic and toxic manifestations. PMID- 3164220 TI - Modulation of cellular phorbol ester binding and/or protein kinase C activity by human placental fractions. AB - We describe two factors in human placenta that modulate the interaction of phorbol ester tumor promoters with cell membranes or with protein kinase C. One, phorbol ester binding inhibitory factor, can inhibit binding of [3H]phorbol-12,13 dibutyrate to cultured cells or to a membrane fraction but does not inhibit its binding to a homogeneous C kinase preparation (phorbol ester binding sites). The other, C kinase activating factor, stimulates C kinase activity in a calcium dependent manner. We separated these two biochemical activities from a crude human placental fraction by gel filtration. PMID- 3164221 TI - [Epiphysis cerebri-thyroid interrelations. Distorting effect of partial thyroidectomy on the antithyroid action of epiphyseal methoxyindoles in animal experiments]. AB - The effect of pineal methoxyindoles (MI) on hypothalamus-hypophysis-thyroid gland system was studied in intact and partially thyroidectomized male Wistar rats in conditions of a short light day (winter). Melatonin administration for 10 days suppressed 131I uptake by the thyroid gland and decreased the levels of T3, T4 and thyrotropic hormone (TTH) in the blood serum of intact animals, with TTH reaction to thyroid hormone (TH) retained. 5-methoxytryptamine administration was less effective. Partial thyroidectomy distorted the direction of MI effect: melatonin and to a lesser extent 5-methoxytryptamine caused a marked normalization of a decreased TH content and an increased TTH level in the blood serum of partially thyroidectomized rats. TTH-TH reaction also corresponded to the control. A predominantly modulating character or pineal MI effect on thyroid system is suggested. PMID- 3164222 TI - Elevated cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte count and protein concentration at diagnosis: independent risk factors in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate whether determination of the initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein concentration and leukocyte count in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) could yield useful information about the patient's central nervous system status and prognosis. The population-based unselected series comprised 160 children. The mean follow-up time was 72 months (range 25-143 months). Both the CSF protein concentration and the leukocyte count, if elevated, were significantly, although not independently, associated with diminished probability of event-free survival. The patients were divided into three groups for the final analyses: those without any abnormalities in the CSF (n = 133), those with elevated protein concentration and/or elevated leukocyte count, but with no malignant lymphoblasts in the CSF (n = 21), and those with malignant lymphoblasts in the CSF (n = 6). The probabilities of 5-year event-free survival for the first and second group were 65% and 15%; the probability of 2-year event-free survival for the third group was 17%. These differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.001). In multivariate analysis the relative risks of death or relapse for these groups were 1, 2.8 (95% confidence limits 1.5-4.9), and 7.6 (2.4-24.3), respectively (p less than 0.001). The inclusion of an elevated CSF protein concentration or leukocyte count in the risk group criteria of further trials should be considered. PMID- 3164223 TI - Measurement of a breast cancer associated antigen detected by monoclonal antibody SP-2 in sera of cancer patients. AB - An enzyme-linked immuno-absorbent assay has been developed for the detection of a circulating tumor-associated antigen, 90K, recognized by murine monoclonal antibody SP-2 (Iacobelli et al., Cancer Res 46: 3005-3010, 1986). This assay was found to be simple and reproducible. Using this method, 6% of 165 apparently healthy individuals and 15% of 91 patients with benign breast disease showed 90K levels above 1.7 units/ml. Approximately 50% of 129 patients with advanced breast cancer demonstrated serum antigen levels above 1.7 units/ml. All histological types of breast cancer were positive, and no association between the incidence of elevated 90K levels and other prognostic variables could be detected. The titers of 90K were significantly higher in sera from advanced-stage (3 and 4) patients than in those from patients with limited-stage (1 and 2) disease. Elevated 90K levels were also observed in patients with carcinomas of other sites, including gastrointestinal, gynecological, and lung tumors. By means of the immune blotting technique, the antigenic components carrying the determinants in serum and extracts of breast cancer cells have been identified. The levels of 90K did not correlate with those of CA 15-3 or CEA. The measurement of 90K in sera appears to be a useful adjunct to other available assays for the detection and monitoring of breast cancer and other malignant tumors. PMID- 3164225 TI - [Various clinical studies of the morphological variability of the mobile structures of the oral and pharyngeal regions]. PMID- 3164226 TI - [Effect of the vertical development of the upper facial structure on the various palatine components]. PMID- 3164224 TI - [The development of mandibular morphology during aging in man]. PMID- 3164227 TI - [Morphological analysis of the mobile structures of the oral and pharyngeal regions]. PMID- 3164228 TI - [A double period of silence of the elevator muscles of the mandible in man: an electromyographic study]. PMID- 3164229 TI - StrateGene: object-oriented programming in molecular biology. AB - This paper describes some of the ways that object-oriented programming methodologies have been used to represent and manipulate biological information in a working application. When running on a Xerox 1100 series computer, StrateGene functions as a genetic engineering workstation for the management of information about cloning experiments. It represents biological molecules, enzymes, fragments, and methods as classes, subclasses, and members in a hierarchy of objects. These objects may have various attributes, which themselves can be defined and classified. The attributes and their values can be passed from the classes of objects down to the subclasses and members. The user can modify the objects and their attributes while using them. New knowledge and changes to the system can be incorporated relatively easily. The operations on the biological objects are associated with the objects themselves. This makes it easier to invoke them correctly and allows generic operations to be customized for the particular object. PMID- 3164231 TI - Prognostic factors in osteosarcomas. A regression analysis. AB - A multivariate regression analysis of survival data, using the Cox proportional hazards model (PHM), was performed on the retrospective material of 184 osteosarcoma patients treated at the Aarhus and Copenhagen oncology centers, Denmark, from 1963 to 1984. All patients were previously untreated. Radical surgery, in general ablative when possible, was the primary treatment goal throughout this period. A number of clinical and pathologic variables were tested in the model to elucidate their prognostic importance. Tumors localized to the trunk, pelvis, or femur, and symptom duration of less than 6 months were poor prognostic signs. Tumors dominated by fibroblastic cells and a patient age of approximately 25 to 30 years were associated with an especially good prognosis. The prognosis worsened with advancing age. Children, adolescents, and adults ages 5 to 25 years had significantly poorer prognosis than young adults 25 to 30 years of age. Sex, radiologic appearance, and year of referral had no significant prognostic value in this series. Based on the regression model, a prognostic index is derived and survival is calculated for a good and a poor prognostic case. The overall 10-year survival with one standard deviation was 28.6 +/- 3.5%. Cancer deaths continue to occur 10 years after initial treatment, and the estimated hazard rate is still four times greater than that of a sex- and age matched group of healthy individuals. PMID- 3164230 TI - Small carcinoma of the pancreas. Clinical and pathologic evaluation of 17 patients. AB - The clinical and pathologic characteristics of 17 small carcinomas (less than 2 cm in diameter) of the pancreas are reviewed in this article. All the tumors were located in the head of the pancreas, and the clue to the diagnosis was jaundice in ten patients and abdominal pain in seven. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA 19-9 were not reliable markers for detecting small carcinomas of the pancreas. Ultrasonography (US), computerized tomography (CT), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were useful diagnostic tools. Lymph node metastases were found in 41% of affected patients, capsular invasion in 24%, retroperitoneal invasion in 24%, and portal system involvement in 29%. In five patients the carcinoma was Stage I; in eight patients, Stage II; in two patients, Stage III, and in two patients, Stage IV. Fifteen patients with Stages I to III and one patient with Stage IV underwent curative pancreaticoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy, and one patient with liver metastasis and Stage IV underwent noncurative pancreaticoduodenectomy. The cumulative 4-year survival rate was 37%. Although four patients with Stage I disease lived for more than 48 months, the survival period of the 12 patients with Stages II to IV disease was less than 25 months. Thus, small carcinoma of the pancreas is not always curable; however, a small, localized lesion without any extratumoral extension can be resected with a chance of cure. PMID- 3164232 TI - Postradiation multicentric osteosarcoma. AB - The oncogenic effects of radiation are well-established. Osteosarcomas and fibrosarcomas are the two most common histologic types of secondary sarcoma. In this article a case of postradiation osteosarcoma is presented in which four discrete foci of sarcomatous transformation have occurred in the tibia and fibula after irradiation for a rhabdomyosarcoma of the calf 8 years earlier. A review of the literature reveals no similar case. Although synchronous, multifocal osteosarcoma without prior radiation has been described, this case differs in clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features; it best fits the description of postradiation multicentric osteosarcoma. PMID- 3164233 TI - Isochromosomes i(8q) or i(9q) in three adenocarcinomas of the lung. AB - We have cytogenetically analyzed three primary adenocarcinomas of the lung. All tumors had chromosome numbers in the triploid region. The multiple structural aberrations included rearrangements of 3p, in two cases affecting the segment 3p14-23, where deletions are characteristically found in small cell lung carcinomas. Isochromosomes for 8q were present in two tumors and i(9q) in one tumor. In the few previously reported cytogenetic analyses of pulmonary adenocarcinomas, all of which examined metastases or cell lines, i(8q) was found in one case and i(9q) in two cases. These isochromosomes, therefore, represent previously unrecognized nonrandom changes in adenocarcinomas of the lung, and might constitute primary aberrations in this tumor type. PMID- 3164234 TI - Monosomy 5 in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Report of two cases. AB - Two cases of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia are reported. The diagnoses were confirmed by clinical, morphologic, and cytochemical analysis. Karyotypic analysis demonstrated monosomy 5 in both patients, providing further evidence that acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is a subset of the acute nonlymphocytic leukemias and may be etiologically related to the myelodysplastic syndromes. PMID- 3164235 TI - Chromosome analysis of a newly established renal carcinoma cell line. AB - A renal cell carcinoma has been established as a cell line in vitro. Repeated chromosome analyses of the cell line revealed a stable clone with the modal chromosome number 80 and three pairs of marker chromosomes, M1-M3. M1 and M2 resulted from a translocation between a chromosome #3 deleted in band p14 and a normal #7: M1 = der(3)t(3;7) (:3p14----cen----3q24::7q21----7qter), and M2 = der(7)t(3;7)(3qter----3q24::7q21----cen----7pter ). M3 was a small metacentric chromosome, probably consisting of the centromeric portion of a #3: del(3)(:p14-- -cen----q12:). No other structural changes were present. Our findings are in agreement with those of previous studies, stating that rearrangements of 3p12-14 are primary cytogenetic events in renal cell carcinomas, even though this can only be inferred in this case. Thus, this cell line may be useful for further molecular and biochemical studies. PMID- 3164236 TI - Lymphomatous acute lymphatic leukemia with translocation t(9;13)(p22;q12) PMID- 3164238 TI - Jumping translocation of chromosome 14 in a skin squamous cell carcinoma from a xeroderma pigmentosum patient. AB - The cytogenetic study of a case of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma developed in a child affected by xeroderma pigmentosum is described. In this paratetraploid tumor, virtually all mitoses had the following rearrangements: i(1q), i(1p), t(3q14q), del(9p), and der(19)t(8;19). In addition, there were several deletions of 1p and 1q. The del(9p) likely occurred as the first rearrangement. The distal segment of the short arm of chromosome #9 and the long arm of #19 and #22 were the most underrepresented and chromosome #6 the most overrepresented chromosome or chromosome segment. The most striking anomaly detected was a jumping translocation of chromosome #14, involved with chromosomes #1, #3, #5, #7, #9, #14, and #22. The breakage of chromosome #14 always occurred on the short arm. PMID- 3164237 TI - Trisomy 4 in two cases of acute myelomonocytic leukemia. AB - Two cases of acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) type M4 with trisomy 4 are presented. In one case trisomy 4 was associated with del(3). Both patients had no history of exposure to mutagenic events. In our material the frequency of trisomy 4-AML is not higher than 1%. PMID- 3164239 TI - Chromosome study of 85 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. AB - We studied bone marrow chromosomes in 85 consecutive patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Fifty-seven (67%) had a clone with an abnormal karyotype at diagnosis. Eight had secondary MDS, all with abnormal karyotypes. The frequency of abnormal karyotypes in the primary MDS was 64.9%. During subsequent follow-up, five patients acquired chromosome abnormalities; thus, at the end of the study, 72.0% of patients had an abnormal karyotype. The most frequent chromosome abnormalities were 5q-, +8, -7, -5, and -22. Forty patients (i.e., 70% of those with an abnormal karyotype and 47% of the whole group) had one of the karyotype abnormalities associated with secondary MDS or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia; in other words, 5q- or -5, or -7. Of all patients, 21.1% progressed into ANLL. Unfavorable prognostic factors associated with the risk of evolution into ANLL and with shorter overall survival were the presence of greater than 5% of bone marrow blasts, major chromosome abnormalities, and monosomy 7. PMID- 3164240 TI - Normal level of spontaneous chromosome breakage in lymphocytes from patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - The frequency of spontaneous structural chromosome aberrations was studied in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from 25 untreated patients with non Hodgkin's lymphoma and 25 controls. In the lymphoma group, the mean gap, break, and gap + break event frequencies (i.e., events per 100 cells) were 1.2, 2.1, and 3.4, respectively. The corresponding rates for the control group were 1.3, 1.5, and 2.8. The mean number of aberrant mitoses per 100 mitoses were 2.5 in lymphoma patients and 2.4 in controls. These differences between patients and controls were not significant (p greater than 0.05). Thus, no evidence of inherent chromosome instability or exposure to clastogenic agents in the lymphoma group was detected. PMID- 3164241 TI - 3p involvement in a renal cell carcinoma in von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Region of tumor breakpoint clustering on 3p? AB - The cytogenetic findings in a renal cell carcinoma from a patient with von Hippel Lindau syndrome are reported. Of the two consistent changes, one was a dicentric chromosome evolving from an unbalanced translocation between the proximal part of the short arm of chromosome 3 and the distal segment of the long arm of the X chromosome. PMID- 3164242 TI - Chromosome imbalance in endometrial adenocarcinoma. AB - The results of karyotypic analysis by R-banding after short-term culture of eight new cases of endometrial adenocarcinomas are presented and compared to previously published data. Among a total of 25 cases reported that had a diploid or near diploid chromosome number, 72% contained a trisomy or tetrasomy 1q, often as the only abnormality. An excess of the long arm of chromosome 1 is, therefore, shown to be the predominant feature of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Trisomies 10, 2, 7, and 12 were, in decreasing order, the most frequently associated abnormalities, but trisomy 10, found in 40% of the cases, can also exist as the only imbalance. Because breakpoints in chromosome 1 are generally centromeric, a position effect with oncogene activation seems unlikely. It is suggested that the observed chromosome imbalances are secondary and are the result of the adaptation of the cancer cell to disturbed metabolic pathways. PMID- 3164243 TI - Translocation (8;21) and its variants in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. The relative importance of chromosomes 8 and 21 to the genesis of the disease. AB - Chromosome analysis was performed in 25 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), mostly of the M2 type. Eighteen had the standard translocation, t(8;21)(q22;q22), four had complex translocations involving 1p36, 11p13, 17p11, and 17p23, respectively, with chromosomes 8 and 21, and the remaining three patients had simple translocations, one with t(3;21)(p14;q22) and two with t(16;21)(p11;q22), without involving chromosome 8. Chromosome abnormalities additional to t(8;21) and its variants that were most frequently observed were X, -Y, and del(9). Complex translocations are thought to be derived from the standard translocation and to be essentially similar in nature. The finding that chromosome 21 was involved in all of the standard, simple, and complex translocations, and that chromosome 8 was not involved in simple variants suggest a greater weight of chromosome 21 in the relative importance of the two chromosomes to the genesis of ANLL. PMID- 3164244 TI - Tetraploidy and Y chromosome loss in acute mixed-lineage leukemia. AB - An unusual case of acute leukemia with mixed phenotype was followed up from diagnosis to death for about 12 months. The first cytogenetic examination revealed about 80% of the bone marrow cells in the diploid and 20% in the tetraploid range. After two courses of induction therapy, complete remission was achieved within 2 months. At this time the tetraploid cells were reduced to 3%, but 50% of the mitoses showed a Y chromosome loss, while the other mitoses had a diploid karyotype. Early intensification therapy was given 6 weeks later with slow recovery of blood counts. After four months a sharp decrease of the number of Y-missing mitoses was observed, while the marrow remained in full remission. Two months later a relapse occurred and the patient died. At this time the -Y clone had dropped to 2% and the tetraploid clone was totally absent. We conclude from these findings that the diploid clone was the most malignant one, whereas the -Y cells were probably not directly involved in the leukemic process. PMID- 3164245 TI - Methotrexate and bone marrow metaphases. AB - The efficacy of a methotrexate (MTX) block/thymidine release synchronization technique has been assessed in bone marrow cultures from patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and myelodysplasia. In contrast to cultures of stimulated lymphocytes from normal individuals, no improvement in mitotic index (MI) or metaphase quality could be detected using this technique. Demonstration of an unchanged level of division in bone marrow cultures in the presence of MTX suggests that the technique is unsuitable for synchronization purposes in this tissue. The influence of preincubation prior to MTX exposure and duration of exposure to colcemid on MI and metaphase quality have also been examined. PMID- 3164246 TI - Translocation (7;21)(p14;q11) in Ph-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 3164247 TI - Chromosomal localization of amplified c-myc in a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line with a biotinylated probe. AB - A c-myc amplified sequence has been localized on a chromosome marker 19q+ with a biotin-labeled probe in the human colon adenocarcinoma SW480 cell line. The advantages of the technique for the localization of amplified DNA sequences are discussed. PMID- 3164248 TI - Nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities in malignant pleural mesothelioma. AB - Cytogenetic studies were performed on tumor cells from specimens of 30 consecutive patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Metaphases for chromosomal G-banding analyses were obtained from 27 of these patients. Clonal abnormalities were detected in 19 patients. Karyotype findings were complex and heterogeneous: aneuploidy, polyploidy, structural abnormalities, and several subclones were seen. The most frequent chromosomal abnormalities were polysomy or partial polysomy 7, monosomy or partial monosomy 22, and rearrangements involving breakpoints at 1p11-22. PMID- 3164249 TI - Two new cases of primary peripheral neuroepithelioma of soft tissue with translocation t(11;22)(q24;q12). AB - A direct cytogenetic analysis was performed on tumor samples obtained from two patients with clinical and histopathologic diagnosis of primary peripheral neuroepithelioma. Both tumors presented the translocation t(11;22)(q24;q12). These results confirm those previously obtained by other authors and suggest a common histogenetic origin for this tumor with Ewing's sarcoma and Askin's tumor, in which the same translocation has been described. PMID- 3164250 TI - Comparison of the antiproliferative effects of transforming growth factor-beta, N,N-dimethylformamide and retinoic acid on a human colon carcinoma cell line. AB - In this study we have compared the anti-proliferative effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and retinoic acid (RA) on a moderately-differentiated colon carcinoma cell line (JVC). TGF-beta, DMF and RA inhibited the anchorage-independent growth and induced morphological changes in JVC cells. EC50 values of 40 pM TGF-beta, 0.5% DMF and 5 nM RA were obtained for growth inhibition. In addition all three agents enhanced cellular fibronectin levels in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of cell proliferation as well as fibronectin induction by all three agents were reversible. Combinations of any two agents at suboptimal doses, added simultaneously to JVC cells gave additive inhibitory response on growth. These data indicate that the effects of TGF-beta in this colon carcinoma cell line are similar to those of the two differentiation promoting agents DMF and RA. PMID- 3164252 TI - Transforming growth factor beta: potential autocrine growth inhibitor of estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer cells. AB - Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), a two-subunit Mr 25,000 polypeptide, inhibits growth of several epithelial human cancer cell lines and has been proposed as an autocrine growth inhibitor. TGF beta activity has been found in conditioned media from some breast cancer cell lines, and TGF beta mRNA has been detected in breast cancer cell lines and human breast cancer specimens. In the present study we attempted to characterize the interaction of TGF beta with breast cancer cells by examining the biological activity, receptor binding, and secretion of this polypeptide by a panel of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and ER-negative human breast cancer cell lines. Growth of the four ER-negative lines, MDA231, MDA330, HS578T, and BT20, was exquisitely sensitive to TGF beta. Dose dependent inhibition of monolayer growth, anchorage-independent growth, and of [3H]thymidine incorporation was observed with TGF beta concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 pM. Growth of the four ER-positive lines, T47D, ZR75-1, and two MCF7 lines from different laboratories, was unaffected by similar concentrations of TGF beta. In receptor-binding studies using 125I-TGF beta, the four ER negative lines exhibited specific high affinity TGF beta receptors. Binding was a time- and temperature-dependent process. Scatchard analysis of the binding data showed between 2800 and 12900 receptor sites per cell and a Kd between 29 and 160 pM. Epidermal growth factor, insulin, insulin-like growth factors I and II, and transforming growth factor alpha did not compete for 125I-TGF beta binding. Chemical cross-linking studies with ER-negative breast cancer cells revealed three specific TGF beta receptors with molecular weights approximating 400,000, 92,000, and 69,000. The four ER-positive lines had no detectable TGF beta binding. Using a radioreceptor assay with A549 cells and a NRK bioassay, TGF beta activity was detectable in the conditioned media from the four ER-negative cell lines; media from the ER-positive lines had low levels of TGF beta activity. In summary, ER-negative, estrogen-independent cultured human breast cancer cells have receptors for, are inhibited by, and secrete TGF beta activity, suggesting the possibility that this polypeptide may function as an autocrine growth inhibitor or as a paracrine growth factor for tumor stromal cells. PMID- 3164251 TI - Changes in rat liver N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene aryl sulfotransferase activity at early and late stages of hepatocarcinogenesis resulting from dietary administration of 2-acetylaminofluorene. AB - The ability of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) to mediate a loss in N-hydroxy-AAF (N OH-AAF) aryl sulfotransferase activity when fed to male Sprague-Dawley rats was examined at early and late stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. Administration of 0.05% AAF in the diet for 1 week caused liver N-OH-AAF aryl sulfotransferase activity to decrease to 15 +/- 5% of that for liver from non-carcinogen-fed rats, and the activity remained low throughout 19 weeks of AAF feeding. When rats were fed AAF diet for 3 weeks, then placed on a control diet, liver N-OH-AAF aryl sulfotransferase activity returned to normal levels within 3 weeks. In contrast, when rats were fed AAF for 19 weeks, then placed on control diet for an additional 10 weeks, little or no recovery of N-OH-AAF aryl sulfotransferase activity was observed in cytosols from whole livers or isolated hyperplastic nodules, respectively. These findings suggest two types of AAF-mediated decreases in sulfotransferase activity: (a) a decrease observed early in the initial stages of AAF feeding which returns to normal levels when AAF is removed from diet, and (b) a persistent decrease in activity following long term AAF administration. PMID- 3164253 TI - Correlation of the antiproliferative action of diphenylmethane-derivative antiestrogen binding site ligands with antagonism of histamine binding but not of protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation. AB - The nonestrogen receptor-mediated antiproliferative action of antiestrogen binding site (AEBS) ligands, including triphenylethylene antiestrogens and phenothiazines, has been linked to their ability to inhibit protein kinase C (PKC). Recent studies indicate that some diphenylmethane derivatives inhibit growth, are potent AEBS ligands, and antagonize histamine binding at an AEBS related histamine site different from H1 and H2. Three novel diphenylmethane derivatives, N,N-diethyl-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)phenoxy]ethanamine.HCI (DPPE), 4 decanoyl-DPPE (dec-DPPE), and 4-benzylphenyl decanoate (BPD) were studied in an attempt to determine whether PKC or histamine interactions best correlate with their antiproliferative effects. Platelet aggregation and the phosphorylation of a platelet Mr 47,000 protein (p47) induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) represent two processes mediated by PKC. DPPE inhibits PMA-induced aggregation [50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 31.2 +/- 2.4 (SEM) x 10(-6) M] but does not significantly inhibit either PMA-induced phosphorylation of Mr 47,000 protein (IC50 greater than 500 x 10(-6) M), or binding of [3H]phorbol dibutyrate to platelets. dec-DPPE is a more potent inhibitor of PMA-induced platelet aggregation (IC50 = 18.8 +/- 0.7 x 10(-6) M), a weak inhibitor of Mr 47,000 phosphorylation (IC50 = 80-200 x 10(-6) M), but is without effect on [3H]phorbol dibutyrate binding. BPD, which lacks the alkylaminoethoxy side chain necessary for binding to the AEBS/DPPE site, is devoid of anti-PMA effects. These results are compared to the inhibition of [3H]histamine binding in rat cortex membranes (Ki value for DPPE = 0.83 +/- 0.62 x 10(-6) M; Ki value for dec-DPPE = 6.6 +/- 3.5 x 10(-6) M; BPD is inactive) and growth inhibition of MCF-7 cells (IC50 value for DPPE = 4.5 x 10(-6) M; IC50 value for dec-DPPE = 1.5 x 10(-5) M; BPD is ineffective at all concentrations tested). Thus, while dec-DPPE is a more potent inhibitor of PKC-mediated phosphorylation, DPPE is a more potent inhibitor of histamine binding and is correspondingly more antiproliferative than dec-DPPE. The results support a relationship between antagonism of histamine binding and growth inhibition but argue against an association between the antiproliferative effects of DPPE and dec-DPPE and inhibition of PKC. The findings for DPPE suggest that platelet response to PMA, antagonized by diphenylmethane-type AEBS-ligands, may be mediated, at least in part, by mechanisms other than activation of protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation. PMID- 3164254 TI - Protooncogene expression in normal, preleukemic, and leukemic murine erythroid cells and its relationship to differentiation and proliferation. AB - The expression of 18 protooncogenes was examined by Northern blot analysis in preleukemic and leukemic stages of murine erythroleukemias induced by Friend viruses. As controls, erythropoietically stimulated spleens from phenylhydrazine treated mice were studied. Expression of 10 protooncogenes (c-erb-A, c-erb-B, c ets, c-sis, c-mos, c-rel, c-src, c-fes, c-fms, N-myc [corrected] was not detectable in Friend erythroleukemias. One protooncogene (c-src) was found expressed in normal erythroid cells but not in erythroleukemias. Four protooncogenes (c-fos, c-abl, N-ras, and c-raf) were expressed at low levels in both steps of erythroleukemia. c-fos and c-abl RNAs were barely detectable in normal erythroid cells. High levels of four protooncogene transcripts (c-H-ras, c K-ras, c-myc, and c-myb) were detected in preleukemic and leukemic tissues. While c-H-ras RNA was found at similar levels in normal and leukemic erythroid cells, c myc, c-myb, and c-K-ras were not expressed in normal erythroid cells. To determine whether the elevated levels of c-myc, c-myb, and c-K-ras RNAs in erythroleukemic cells are related to the proliferative state or the undifferentiated state of the cells, the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide-induced differentiation on oncogene expression in two erythroleukemia cell lines was examined. Terminal differentiation was associated with lack of c-myb expression while c-myc and c-K-ras expression was essentially unaffected. These results suggest that the high levels of c-myb transcripts in erythroleukemias may reflect the undifferentiated state of the leukemic cells. In contrast, the elevated expression of c-myc and c-K-ras at both stages of the Friend diseases is probably not related to the stage of differentiation but rather to the uncontrolled proliferation of the cells. Finally among 18 protooncogenes surveyed, only the accumulation of c-myc and c-K-ras RNAs appears to be associated with the Friend erythroleukemic process before the late leukemic phase develops. PMID- 3164255 TI - Significance of altered alpha-2-L-fucosyltransferase levels in serum of leukemic patients. AB - Serum alpha-2-L-fucosyltransferase levels were measured in 20 patients with leukemia. Lower than normal levels were found in patients with acute leukemia and higher than normal activity was demonstrated in patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia. alpha-2-L-Fucosyltransferase activity is expressed in platelets, and in both groups of leukemic patients this enzyme activity in serum was found to correlate directly with the platelet count. Assays on platelets from normal donors and from leukemic patients showed that the changes in level of the enzyme in serum result from changes in platelet numbers and not from alterations in the cellular expression of the transferase in leukemia. alpha-2-L Fucosyltransferase levels in serum are therefore not per se diagnostic markers of leukemia. PMID- 3164256 TI - Comparison of CA15-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen in monitoring the clinical course of patients with metastatic breast cancer. AB - Fifty-three women with metastatic breast cancer and serial plasma samples were selected to study the correlation between disease course and variations in circulating CA15-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. Forty-nine patients had their first sample drawn at the beginning of therapy, while four patients did not receive any treatment during the period of study. Clinical course was scored as progressive disease (PD), responsive disease (RD), and stable disease on the basis of radiological and physical evaluations. The percentage of variation in antigen level between the initial sample and samples drawn at the time of the clinical evaluation was correlated with clinical course. CA15-3 levels above 22.0 units/ml and CEA levels above 3.0 ng/ml were considered elevated values. Antigen levels that increased greater than or equal to 25% and decreased greater than or equal to 25% from the initial value were considered to correlate with PD and RD, respectively. Variations in antigen levels +/- 25% from the initial value were considered to correlate with stable disease. Significantly more patients had elevated circulating levels of CA15-3 than CEA (96.2 versus 69.8%; P less than 0.01) at some point in the course of disease. Overall, CA15-3 correlated with disease progression, regression, or stability in a higher number of patients than CEA (60.3 versus 39.6%; P = 0.02). CA15-3 increased greater than or equal to 25% more often than CEA in patients with PD (75.0 versus 58.3%) and decreased greater than or equal to 25% more often than CEA in patients with RD (38.1 versus 23.8%). In a logistic regression model, changes in CA15-3 levels correlated significantly with both PD (P = 0.0004) and RD (P = 0.02), while changes in CEA levels did not (PD, P = 0.34; RD, P = 0.92). Furthermore, correlations obtained when using both antigens together failed to improve the results obtained with CA15-3 alone. The present study thus demonstrates that CA15-3 is more useful than CEA in monitoring the clinical course of patients with metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 3164257 TI - The detection of virally induced tumors by 131I- and 125I-labeled syngeneic monoclonal antibodies. AB - The binding of the syngeneic monoclonal antibodies IC5F5 and 4D2B4 to Rauscher virus-induced myeloid leukemic (RMB-1) cells was analyzed in vivo in tumor bearing BALB/c mice. To verify it these antibodies bind specifically to RMB-1 cells, purified antibodies were iodinated with the isotopes 125I and 131I. Mice previously inoculated with tumor cells were injected with these labeled monoclonal antibodies and the plasma clearance and the tissue distribution were determined. The clearance in tumor-bearing animals was faster than in control mice. The tissue distribution was corrected for nonspecific accumulation by scoring for an unrelated antibody. Calculation of a localization index showed that IC5F5 binds at least 4.5 times more specifically to tumor cells than to other tissues. A preferential localization of radioactivity in s.c. tumor tissue was seen in the scanning of animals injected with 131I-labeled antibodies. The most direct proof of specific binding was observed in autoradiograms of animals treated with 125I-labeled antibodies. Small islands of tumor cells in the livers of mice inoculated i.v. had a high density of grains compared to other tissues and also compared to tumor cells in mice treated with unrelated monoclonal antibodies. These results show efficient targeting of these monoclonal antibodies and make immunotherapy of these myeloid leukemic cells possible. PMID- 3164259 TI - Ganglioside GM3 as a modulator of differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells (M1-T22). AB - The effects of exogenously added glycosphingolipids on the differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells (M1-T22) have been studied. Eight gangliosides and ten neutral glycosphingolipids were tested in terms of their induction of phagocytic activities on the leukemia cells. N-Acetyl neuraminosyllactosylceramide (NAc-GM3) was the most effective glycolipid for inducing the activity. By the addition of 25 micrograms/ml of NAc-GM3, about 70 percent of the cells acquired phagocytic activity within 20 h incubation. GM1a showed about half the activity of the GM3. In the case of the neutral glycosphingolipids, lactosylceramide (CDH) and globotriaosylceramide (CTH) showed significant effects on the induction of phagocytic activity. Preincubation of the cells with the NAc-GM3 enhanced the effect of dexamethasone as a differentiation inducer on M1-T22 cells. When a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60, was preincubated with the NAc-GM3 ganglioside, induction of the phagocytic activity, together with inhibition of the cell growth by phorbol ester (TPA), were markedly enhanced. From these observations, the NAc-GM3 ganglioside seems to act as a modulator of differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells and also of HL-60 cells. PMID- 3164260 TI - Evaluation of the Humphrey A.D.E. system. PMID- 3164258 TI - Effects of type beta transforming growth factor in combination with retinoic acid or tumor necrosis factor on proliferation of a human glioblastoma cell line and clonogenic cells from freshly resected human brain tumors. AB - Type beta transforming growth factor (beta-TGF) is a potent regulator of cell growth and differentiation. The human glioblastoma cell line, T-MGI, was growth inhibited by beta-TGF under anchorage independent conditions. The antiproliferative effect of beta-TGF was potentiated to nearly total arrest by low doses of retinoic acid (RA) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF), while epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, interleukin-2, and gamma interferon did not have this potentiating effect. The potentiation of the beta TGF effect by RA and TNF could not be explained by modulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor, the beta-TGF receptor, or the TNF receptor. beta-TGF alone and in combination with RA or TNF were further tested on primary cultures from freshly resected human glioma biopsies (n = 13). There was great individual variation in sensitivity to beta-TGF, RA, or TNF. The astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma cells were inhibited to various degrees by beta-TGF or TNF, while most of the glioblastomas were not sensitive to these agents. Most of the biopsies were stimulated by RA. RA or TNF did not potentiate the growth inhibitory effect of beta-TGF on biopsy cells. We therefore think it unlikely that beta-TGF in combination with RA or TNF will be effective agents in the treatment of gliomas. PMID- 3164261 TI - Esterase D: evaluation of a potential derived gene marker for hereditary retinoblastoma. AB - The gene locus of esterase D is closely linked to that coding for retinoblastoma. When the occurrence of retinoblastoma is based on a chromosome deletion, red cell esterase D might be a potential tumor marker for diagnosing retinoblastoma. This diagnostic utility was tested by measuring total esterase D and differentiating esterase D to its different phenotypes in red cells of patients with bilateral retinoblastoma, unilateral retinoblastoma having a positive family history and unilateral sporadic retinoblastoma. These results are compared with the findings within a group of first degree relatives of these patients and of a reference group of apparently healthy controls. A poor sensitivity and a low positive predictive value were found. So, the conclusion might be drawn that screening of all retinoblastoma patients for esterase D in order to get insight in the weighting of risk of retinoblastoma is very much open to question and due to high cost efficiency ratio might not be recommended. PMID- 3164262 TI - Extensive skeletal involvement detected by gallium-67 citrate in a patient with multiple myeloma. AB - Extensive skeletal involvement of multiple myeloma was detected by Ga-67 citrate imaging while searching for infectious foci. The case was unique in that a radiographic skeletal survey showed typical lytic lesions only in the skull, and extensive myeloma involvement in the skeletal system was an incidental finding. A high tumor cell burden was presumed to be present, which led to a rapid and fulminant clinical course in this patient. PMID- 3164263 TI - Comparative in vitro beta-lactam activity against aerobic and anaerobic surgical isolates. AB - The comparative in vitro activity of cefoxitin, piperacillin, cefotetan, and ceftizoxime was compared against 843 surgical microbial isolates. All compounds exhibited excellent activity against the streptococcal isolates. Antimicrobial activity was poor for Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis. Cefotetan activity against the Enterobacteriaceae was comparable to ceftizoxime (greater than 95% susceptible). Resistance rates of 0, 1, 5, and 2% were observed with cefoxitin, piperacillin, cefotetan, and ceftizoxime against the anaerobic cocci and anaerobic gram-positive non-spore-forming rods. Ninety-six and ninety-nine percent of the clostridial strains were susceptible to cefotetan and piperacillin, respectively. Piperacillin, cefotetan, and ceftizoxime exhibited similar activity against Bacteroides fragilis (resistance less than 10%). Cefotetan and cefoxitin exhibited poor activity against Bacteroides distasonis, B. ovatus, and B. thetaiotaomicron. Antimicrobial activities were comparable for the four drugs against other Bacteroides and Fusobacterium species. The results demonstrate that all four compounds exhibited broad antimicrobial activity against facultative and obligate anaerobic surgical isolates from intraabdominal and soft tissue infections. PMID- 3164264 TI - Regenerating bone marrow produces a potent growth-promoting activity to osteogenic cells. AB - It is well documented that injury to bone marrow is followed by an osteogenic phase that precedes the complete tissue regeneration. We have recently shown that postablation healing of bone marrow in rat tibiae is associated with a systemic increase in osteogenesis. It was hypothesized that a growth factor(s) with an effect on osteogenic cells is produced in the healing limb, is transferred to the blood circulation, and enhances osteogenesis systemically. To test growth factor production, healing bone marrow-conditioned medium was prepared with tissue separated from rat tibias during the osteogenic phase and assayed for enhancement of mitogenic activity in culture of osteogenic rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2). Partial purification of healing bone marrow-conditioned medium-derived growth factor(s) consisted of gel filtration on Sephadex G-25, boiling, chromatography on heparin-Sepharose, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. Mitogenic activity eluted in the void volume of the Sephadex G-25 column (mol wt greater than 5,000). Potent activity resolved from heparin-Sepharose with PBS, and on filtration by Sephadex G-75 this activity recovered in 3 peaks with mol wt estimates of 35,000, 19,000, and less than 10,000. The partially purified factor also showed considerable stimulatory effect on DNA synthesis in osteoblastic fetal rat calvarial cells and on in vitro elongation of fetal long bone; it had only a small effect on nonosteoblastic ROS and fetal rat calvarial cells. These data indicate that healing bone marrow produces growth factor activity with a preferential effect on osteogenic cells. It is suggested that local growth factors have a role as mediators in the sequence of events whereby bone marrow expresses its osteogenic potential. During postablation healing of bone marrow these factors may also function as systemic promoters to osteogenic cells. PMID- 3164265 TI - The 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of Streptomyces hydrogenans. AB - In addition to the well-known 3 alpha,20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ('cortisone reductase'), Streptomyces hydrogenans produces a relatively stable, NAD-dependent 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of molecular mass approximately 48 kDa. This enzyme catalyzes the transfer of hydrogen from the 4 pro-S position of NADH. PMID- 3164266 TI - CT findings in a case of polypoid-like metastasis in the ileum from extraosseous osteosarcoma. AB - We describe a case of ileal metastasis from an extraosseous osteosarcoma which has not been previously reported in the English radiological literature. The metastasis had a polypoid-like appearance. The CT scan disclosed an intraluminal mass surrounded by contrast material and mesenteric fat inside the pseudopedicle. PMID- 3164268 TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults: results of intraventricular maintenance chemotherapy for central nervous system prophylaxis and treatment. AB - The results of intraventricular (i.vt.) chemotherapy in 36 cases of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were analyzed to define a useful and reliable form of central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis. Patients received methotrexate (MTX) via an Ommaya reservoir six times every 4 weeks. This was repeated when bone marrow relapse occurred. Intraventricular maintenance CNS prophylaxis during half a year appeared adequate, since primary CNS relapses were seen in only two patients (5.6%). These patients had failed to follow the prophylaxis schedule. The procedure was implemented and repeated relatively easily and did not lead to neurotoxic problems. The i.vt. route was also satisfactory for the treatment of initial and recurrent episodes of meningeal leukemia (ML). The therapy reduced morbidity caused by ML to a minimum. PMID- 3164267 TI - Gallium-67 scintigraphy in acute pancreatitis. AB - Acute pancreatitis is a serious surgical problem with a high incidence of mortality. Both ultrasound and X-ray CT have problems in identifying the extent and severity of the disease and the response to therapy. 67Ga-citrate has been used in 21 patients with clinically diagnosed acute pancreatitis: 9 patients had X-ray CT and 15 had US examination. Gallium scans were more sensitive than X-ray CT and US in detecting the extent and severity of acute pancreatitis. In addition, gallium was helpful to monitor the response to therapy when the scan was repeated at various intervals in three patients. A subtraction technique using 99mTc-tin colloid and 67Ga-citrate was helpful to mask the liver uptake of gallium and clearly identify the extent of acute pancreatitis. PMID- 3164270 TI - The ovarian cancer associated antigen CA 125 in patients with pleural effusions. AB - The concentration of the ovarian cancer associated antigen CA 125 was determined in the pleural fluid of 25 patients with lung cancer and of 40 patients with benign diseases. Paired serum and pleural fluid samples were measured in 21 tumor patients and 34 patients with nonmalignant diseases. Serum CA 125 was elevated (greater than 35 U/ml) in 16 of 25 (64%) patients with carcinoma and 13 of 34 (38%) patients with benign diseases. The CA 125 level in serum was markedly elevated (greater than 200 U/ml) in five of six adenocarcinomas whereas a slightly elevated level was associated with only one of four mesotheliomas and with one of three secondary carcinomas. The pleural fluid concentration of CA 125 was higher than the serum value in 90% of the patients, showing a median ratio of 4.9, respectively. Pleural fluid values higher than 250 U/ml were seen in 18 of 25 (72%) subjects with pleural effusion due to malignancy and in 10 of 40 (25%) patients in the benign group. There were no apparent differences in the pleural fluid CA 125 levels in patients having different types of cancer and different benign diseases. PMID- 3164269 TI - A phase II study of idarubicin (4-demethoxydaunorubicin) in advanced myeloma. AB - Idarubicin (IDA) is an anthracycline analog which differs from the parent compound by the substitution of a C4 methoxyl group with an hydrogen atom in the aglycone moiety. This drug has shown greater potency and activity in experimental and human leukemias and lymphomas by intravenous and oral routes of administration together with less cardiotoxicity than doxorubicin (DX) and daunorubicin (DNR). We have treated 15 patients with advanced multiple myeloma (MM) refractory or relapsed to standard chemotherapy regimens. The treatment schedule consisted of idarubicin 40 mg/m2 orally on day 1 every 3 weeks for 6-8 months. We obtained 8/14 partial response, 4/14 minor response and 2 progressions. One patient was not evaluable for the response because of liver toxicity not related to IDA administration. The median duration of response was 8 months with a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 12 months. Hematologic toxicity occurred in about 20% of patients and no treatment was delayed. Cardiotoxicity, defined as impairement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), was observed in one case. The major systemic toxicity observed was nausea in 80% of patients and vomiting in 40%. Hair loss resulting was socially acceptable. These results indicate that IDA is useful as a single agent, easy to administer, not cross resistant with DX and recommended for a combination regimen. PMID- 3164271 TI - Phase II study of a 21-day continuous infusion schedule with epirubicin in metastatic colorectal cancer. PMID- 3164272 TI - Modification by severe hypoxia and diltiazem of dog coronary artery contractions in vitro. AB - The contractions induced by prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha and by Ca2+ in helical strips of canine coronary arteries exposed to Ca2+-free medium under severe hypoxia and stimulated by PGF2 alpha or K+ were augmented by the return to normoxia. Inhibition under hypoxia was ranked as follows: Ca2+-induced contractions in the strips stimulated by PGF2 alpha greater than Ca2+-induced contractions in the K+-depolarized strips greater than PGF2 alpha-induced contractions in the Ca2+-free medium. The inhibition of arterial contractions during severe hypoxia was not influenced by removal of the endothelium. Treatment with indomethacin attenuated the inhibitory effect of hypoxia on Ca2+-induced contractions in arteries stimulated by PGF2 alpha or serotonin but affected neither the Ca2+-induced contractions in the strips depolarized by excess K+ or the PGF2 alpha-induced contractions in Ca2+-free medium. Diltiazem attenuated the Ca2+-induced contractions in arteries stimulated by PGF2 alpha or K+ but did not attenuate the PGF2 alpha-induced contractions in the Ca2+-free medium during hypoxia or normoxia. Diltiazem also inhibited the contractions caused by re oxygenation. In conclusion, severe hypoxia inhibited the contractions induced by Ca2+ in the presence of PGF2 alpha receptor activation more than those associated with membrane depolarization. The PGF2 alpha-induced contractions in the Ca2+ free medium (possibly due to the release of intracellularly stored Ca2+) may be relatively resistant to severe hypoxia. The hypoxia-induced inhibition of contractions due to Ca2+ in PGF2 alpha-stimulated arteries could be associated partly with the release of PGI2 but not with endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s). PMID- 3164273 TI - Variation in retinal degeneration phenotype inherited at the prcd locus. AB - Progressive rod-cone degeneration (prcd) is a recessively inherited visual cell disease. Neither the genetic abnormality nor the corresponding biochemical defect have yet been identified. Unique abnormalities of visual cell structure, function and renewal, however, characterize the disease phenotype and act as a marker for the prcd gene. The disease was first described in miniature poodle dogs (MP) but broadly similar retinal degenerations have been recognized, clinically, in other breeds. Crossbreeding experiments with prcd-affected MP and retinal degenerate English (ECS) and American (ACS) cocker spaniels now demonstrate that all the progeny are affected with a retinal degeneration indistinguishable from prcd in the MP. This indicates that the gene mutation in each breed is at the same (prcd) locus. In purebred prcd-affected ECS (prcd-ECS), however, the disease phenotype consistently differs from that in prcd-MP in its rate of progression and in the topographical distribution of disease within the retina. Ultrastructural variation in disease expression are also recognizable between the two phenotypes. These differences in disease phenotype may be ascribable to different genetic backgrounds in the two breeds, reflecting the effect of modifying genes, or may indicate separate, allelic, mutations at the same locus. PMID- 3164275 TI - Assisted ventilation using cuirass respirators. AB - The effects of cuirass-assisted ventilation have been studied in 25 subjects with chest wall disease. Cuirass respirators increase ventilation in proportion to the peak negative pressure within the cuirass shell and the respiratory rate. Positive pressure applied during expiration produces little additional ventilation. During cuirass-assisted ventilation end-expiratory volume increases, arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) falls and arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) rises. Cardiac output is unchanged. Paradoxical chest wall motion is corrected by cuirass-assisted ventilation and restriction of chest wall expansion by the cuirass shell is minimal. Jacket-type respirators can produce larger tidal volumes than the cuirass at the same peak negative pressure, but are associated with greater air leakage. PMID- 3164274 TI - Prostaglandin E2 does not inhibit metamorphosis of tadpole tails in tissue culture. AB - Tadpoles excrete prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in oral mucus and at the same time trap food particles on oral mucus during feeding. Wassersug (1986) suggested that orally excreted and then ingested PGE2 might inhibit premature metamorphosis in anurans. We have tested to see whether PGE2 inhibits thyroid hormone-induced metamorphosis of tadpole tails in tissue culture. It does not. It is still possible that an endocrinologically active component of oral mucus plays a regulatory role in metamorphosis, but it may not act directly on tail tissue or it may not even be PGE2. PMID- 3164276 TI - The effects of one year of nocturnal cuirass-assisted ventilation in chest wall disease. AB - The effects of one year of nocturnal cuirass-assisted ventilation using individually designed cuirass respirators have been investigated in twenty-five patients with chest wall disease. After one year, 22 (88%) of the patients were alive. Daytime arterial blood gases had improved. Functional residual capacity (FRC) had increased but there was no significant change in other lung volumes. Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) improved in the subjects with a scoliosis but not in those with a thoracoplasty or neuromuscular disease. Maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) was unchanged. Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide and six minute walking distance had all increased. There was no improvement in respiratory symptoms, but a decrease in depression scores and in the time taken to complete a trail test. The mean (SD) number of days spent in hospital over the year was 21.5 (15.1) per patient, with patients consulting their general practitioners less frequently than in the year prior to commencing nocturnal cuirass-assisted ventilation. The cost of commencing a patient on domiciliary nocturnal cuirass-assisted ventilation is estimated as 2470 pounds, and of maintaining them at home for one year as 3302 pounds. PMID- 3164277 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of the main polypeptide (MP26) of lens fiber plasma membranes solubilized with n-octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside. AB - The main polypeptide isolated from lens fiber membrane has been solubilized in octyl glucoside and studied by gel filtration in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The combination of S20,w value obtained from analytical ultracentrifugation and Stokes radius determined by HPLC of the soluble fraction indicates that more than 90% of the protein is monomeric. The solubilization of the protein seems to be dependent upon the presence of the NH2 and COOH terminal sequences, since proteolytic degradation of MP26 which removes these terminal sequences is less soluble than the uncleaved polypeptide. Moreover, there is a higher amount of oligomer after proteolysis. Fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography shows that the insoluble membrane fraction from both cortical and nuclear fibers comprises a special class of long (C22) saturated fatty acids (behenic acid). PMID- 3164278 TI - Phorbol esters inhibit inositol phosphate and diacylglycerol formation in proliferating HL60 cells. Relationship to differentiation. AB - Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induces the differentiation of the human promyelocytic cell line, HL60, towards adherent macrophage-like cells within 2 days. We have examined the early effects of PMA on inositol phosphates and on diacylglycerol production, two second messengers derived from inositol lipids. In proliferating HL60 cells, PMA induced a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in inositol phosphate levels. Maximal effects were seen after 1 h at 10 nM PMA. PMA also induced the translocation of protein kinase C from the cytosol to the membrane. Comparison between the differentiating effects of several phorbol esters and of 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol with their ability to inhibit inositol phosphate formation suggests that the two effects are correlated. PMID- 3164279 TI - Subcellular immunochemical localization of acrosin in human spermatozoa during the acrosome reaction and zona pellucida penetration. AB - The changes in acrosin immunoreactivity in human spermatozoa undergoing spontaneous or chemically induced acrosome reactions were studied by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry with an acrosin-specific monoclonal antibody. Migration of limited amounts of acrosin to the sperm surface was the earliest event characterizing the beginning of the acrosome reaction. The acrosome of such spermatozoa remained morphologically intact, swelled, or showed intraacrosomal vesiculation without any disruption of the plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity. Massive release of acrosin coincided with the fusion of the plasma and outer acrosomal membranes. However, even fully acrosome-reacted spermatozoa always retained some acrosin on the exposed inner acrosomal membrane and in the equatorial segment of the acrosome. This residual acrosin was also detected on spermatozoa within the zona pellucida of human oocytes inseminated in vitro, while the previously released bulk of acrosin remained attached to the surface of the zona pellucida at the site of sperm entry. These findings are compatible with multiple functions of acrosin in human sperm-egg interaction, including sperm zona pellucida binding, dispersal of acrosomal contents, and facilitation of zona pellucida penetration. PMID- 3164280 TI - Sex selection: the ultimate in family planning. PMID- 3164281 TI - CA-125 is an effective marker for patients with external endometriosis and on danazol: case reports. AB - Serum levels of CA-125 in women with external endometriosis and on danazol were assayed for an extended period, and changes in the CA-125 pattern were analyzed. Whereas the prognosis for the patients in case 1 was good, those for cases 2, 3, and 4 were poor. We propose that the Ca-125 levels should be carefully determined for individual patients, because a relapse can be predicted. PMID- 3164282 TI - How large should my study be so that I can detect an altered sex ratio? AB - The world literature on manipulations purported to alter the gender of offspring is a quagmire full of reports presenting inadequate data and contradictory conclusions. Many are due to inappropriate statistical design or analysis. The authors present simple, nontechnical reference tables for determination of the minimum sample size necessary to detect a change in sex ratio (1) from a theoretical value, and (2) between two experimental populations. Simple methods for analyzing the results of gender manipulation experiments are described. Technical details are included in a separate section. PMID- 3164283 TI - Luteolytic potency of PGD and PGF2 alpha derivatives. AB - Competitive binding studies with PGD derivatives and PGF2 alpha analogues to the PGF2 alpha-receptor molecule as well as their abortifacient potency in pregnant rats have been studied. Radioligand binding studies were performed in membrane particles isolated from pseudopregnant rat ovaries, and in parallel studies luteolytic doses of these prostaglandins and analogues were administered to pregnant rats and the abortifacient potency was estimated. It was observed that substances which displayed high potency in receptor binding in vitro were also potent in terminating luteal function and inducing abortion. The structural requirements of PGF2 alpha and PGD derivatives for binding to the PGF2 alpha receptor were established, thereby indicating the specificity and geometry of the PGF2 alpha-receptor. PMID- 3164284 TI - CA 125 in the follow-up of patients with ovarian cancer. AB - Three hundred and ninety-five CA 125 serum values of 72 patients with ovarian cancer were correlated with the clinical status. With a threshold value of 35 U/ml we found true negative values in 85% and true positive values in 93%. No correlation between preoperative CA 125 values and tumor stage was noted at primary surgery. During follow-up, 17 women had marker values between 35 and 65 U/ml. Three out of 7 women in clinical remission showed a value greater than 65 U/ml at subsequent follow-up and developed recurrent disease. In 8 patients out of 20 re-laparotomies, tumors with a maximum diameter of greater than 2 cm were confirmed with a preoperative serum CA 125 concentration greater than 65 U/ml. Two out of 3 patients with a tumor diameter less than 2 cm at re-laparotomy revealed CA 125 serum concentrations less than 35 U/ml. A false positive CA 125 value was found in one patient without demonstrable active disease. The calculated doubling time of the CA 125 values ranged between 23 and 173 days; the median value was 67 +/- 47 days. After 6.2 +/- 1.3 doubling times death ensued. PMID- 3164285 TI - [Histological variants of chronic myeloleukemia and their clinical significance]. PMID- 3164286 TI - [Anthropometric as well as tooth, mouth and jaw findings in Sundanese children]. PMID- 3164287 TI - [Middle ear findings in orthodontic patients]. PMID- 3164288 TI - [X-ray findings on tooth germ position and eruption of the third molar]. PMID- 3164289 TI - [The orthodontic measuring gauge--a contribution on the problem of the correlation between tooth width sums and dental arch lengths]. PMID- 3164290 TI - [Extraction therapy and considered, but not performed, tooth removal--comparison of successful results]. PMID- 3164292 TI - [Phenomenology and analysis of therapy-resistant open bites]. PMID- 3164291 TI - [Front torque using a partial arch technic]. PMID- 3164294 TI - [Human genetics considerations in orthodontics]. PMID- 3164293 TI - [The 2-stage extraction of six-year molars--a therapeutic alternative to space closure in the mandible]. PMID- 3164295 TI - [Odontometric study on the correlation between tooth and body size]. PMID- 3164296 TI - Health risk managers focus on loss prevention. PMID- 3164297 TI - Sneak preview: JCAHO's quality indicators. PMID- 3164298 TI - JCAHO survey: interhospital relationships strong. PMID- 3164299 TI - Acute promyelocytic leukemia--its variants. PMID- 3164301 TI - The role of the general practitioner in restoring patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction. AB - Treatment of temporomandibular joint pain, resulting from occlusal dysfunction, is divided into two phases. First, occlusal splint therapy is used to eliminate the initial signs and symptoms and to achieve stability in centric relation. In the second phase of treatment the occlusion is adjusted and, if indicated, restored by means of crown and bridge procedures. Casts, properly mounted in a semi-adjustable articulator, with the lower cast mounted in centric relation, can be extremely helpful for an occlusal analysis and a diagnostic occlusal adjustment in the articulator. Each occlusal adjustment procedure in the mouth should be preceded by an initial study, occlusal analysis and occlusal adjustment on articulator mounted casts. The two main criteria for restoring the occlusion are: maximum intercuspation occurring in centric relation and disocclusion of the posterior teeth during excursive movements by means of anterior guidance. Patients with a history of temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction usually have a limited adaptive capacity of even the smallest occlusal imperfection. In order to cope with the occlusal restoration of patients with such a low level of occlusal tolerance the final crowns and bridges should be cemented temporarily for a period of at least 3 months. A matt gold surface will be very helpful to locate undesirable occlusal contacts during temporary cementation. PMID- 3164300 TI - Conservative treatment of occlusal dysfunctions. AB - The paper discusses 20 years of experience with a physiotherapeutic programme that can be used in the initial therapy of myoarthropathies of the temporomandibular joint of both psychosomatic and artificial occlusal origin. The principle is to re-train the masticatory musculature, which has become incoordinated as a result of occlusal parafunctions. The therapy aims to treat symptomatic problems. It can be used with a high success rate in functional disturbances of the stomatognathic system of psychosomatic, artificial occlusal and external traumatic origin. PMID- 3164302 TI - Manpower planning for oral health. AB - The challenges to the dental profession include the unemployed dentists, the radical changes to the numbers of dental schools and their intake of new students; and the imbalance which exists on a global scale between oral health personnel and service need and demand. Workforce planning needs clearly defined goals which relate to the nature of disease, the shift from treatment to prevention and consumer expectations. A wide variety of information is required to facilitate communication and co-operation with elements of the political system, the educational system, professional bodies, health service agencies and consumers. It is essential that national planning and monitoring groups be established with membership from dental associations, educational institutions and government. In workforce planning there must be the ability to accept change, to be creative, to be positive, and to be decisive. PMID- 3164303 TI - Responsibilities of the national associations. AB - A National Dental Association should contribute to the organization and delivery of dental care in all its aspects. One of the principal challenges in certain countries is to solve the current manpower problem. Despite early warnings from the Dutch Dental Association, 500 dentists in The Netherlands are now unemployed. The effects are not confined to the practising profession for dental education and research also suffer. Steps taken by the Dutch Association to alleviate the problem are described. PMID- 3164304 TI - The responsibilities and role of universities in dental manpower. AB - Although other educational facilities are needed for developing the oral health manpower team, universities have the primary role in educating the dentist. The need for a curriculum based on fundamental research which is responsive to the needs of society is essential for the future development of the profession. Oral health manpower plans should be dependent upon the type of service designed for a country and an appropriate mix of manpower should be developed. By the collection, monitoring and interpretation of epidemiological data, universities have a major role to play in the forecasting of trends. Relevance of programmes within universities in health matters must be made more apparent to the community, especially when financial restriction in both health services and higher education are being felt. A national planning programme, centrally managed to include national associations, government, universities and interested parties, is essential if the relevance of oral health manpower is to be maintained. PMID- 3164305 TI - Changing patterns of oral health and implications for oral health manpower. Responsibility to the public. AB - This paper examines organized dentistry's responsibility for informing the public about changing patterns of oral disease. The public is divided into two groups: governments and other organizations that are responsible for allocating funds for dental treatment, education and research, and the general population that is eligible to use dental services. Some governments in industrialized countries apparently believe that with the decline in caries, monies for dentistry can be reduced without affecting the oral health of the population. This assumption can be challenged, since oral disease levels in lower socioeconomic class groups and the elderly continue to be very high. Further, the goals of the dental care system should be raised to eliminate edentulousness. Dentistry needs to make the public aware that adequate care for the poor and elderly and eliminating edentulousness will require increased support for dentistry. At the patient level, regular users of care who are healthy should be informed that more frequent visits and complex services may have little effect on oral health. In contrast, infrequent users of dental care should be made aware that dentistry has the technology to prevent disease and the loss of teeth. One phase in the history of dentistry is coming to an end but another is beginning. In the new era the dental profession can make even greater contributions to the quality of life of individuals and society. PMID- 3164306 TI - Guide to the use of cements for luting fixed restorations. Federation Dentaire Internationale Technical Report No. 29. PMID- 3164307 TI - What is measured when we identify alcoholics by means of blood tests? AB - Positive results have been reported on discriminating between alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients by means of multivariate analysis of blood chemistry. If such tests simply measure accumulated results of excessive drinking, the measured effect would increase with years of severe drinking. Data from records of 460 alcoholics, however, found little or no relationship. The authors suggest the possibility that the blood chemistry results may measure a constitutional vulnerability to alcoholism. PMID- 3164308 TI - Beneficial effects of imipramine on Tourette's syndrome. AB - Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (GTS) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by multiple involuntary motor and phonic tics associated with behavioural disturbances including obsessive-compulsive and aggressive behavior, depression and, rarely, psychosis. The relationship of GTS, presumed to be predominantly a dopaminergic disorder, and depression, presumed to be a noradrenergic-serotoninergic deficiency state, is currently poorly understood. The reports published to date on the effects of tricyclic antidepressants in GTS have been contradictory; while Messiha et al. (1976) used imipramine successfully in one GTS patient, Abuzzahab and Anderson (1973) and Fras (1978) on the other hand, found imipramine to exacerbate GTS symptoms and cautioned its usage in this syndrome. A more recent report suggested that imipramine is useful in GTS patients who exhibit symptoms of attention deficit disorder (Dillon et al., 1985). We report a patient with GTS whose depression and behaviour improved considerably when low-dose imipramine (Tofranil) was added to the regimen of anti GTS medication. This report suggest that tricyclic antidepressants may be useful adjuncts in the management of GTS, and hints at norepinephrinergic and serotoninergic deficiencies as being components of the pathogenesis of the syndrome. PMID- 3164309 TI - Cervical ripening: the comparative effectiveness of Lamicel and prostaglandin E2 tablets. PMID- 3164310 TI - Evidence for adenylate nucleotide transport (ATP-ADP translocation) in vesicles of Frankia sp. strain EAN1pec. AB - Atractyloside and carboxyatractyloside partially inhibited nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) by isolated vesicles of Frankia strain EAN1pec. Extracts of disrupted vesicles showed nitrogenase activity that was not affected by the inhibitors. The vesicles accumulated ATP by an atractyloside-sensitive mechanism. This inhibition of ATP uptake was reversed when vesicles were permeabilized by detergent. Uptake of ATP was inhibited by excess ATP and ADP, but not AMP or adenosine, and by a calcium-dependent ATPase inhibitor. Uptake was stimulated by calcium ions. Accumulation of ATP was accompanied by release of ADP and AMP from the vesicles. The ATP taken up by vesicles and cells grown with N2 as the nitrogen source was found in the corresponding cell pools only as ATP. The data indicate activity of an ATP-ADP translocase system in vesicles of this organism. The role of ATP translocation in the symbiosis between Frankia strain EAN1pec and plant root nodules is discussed. PMID- 3164311 TI - Amino acid sequence of thioredoxin isolated from rabbit bone marrow determined by tandem mass spectrometry. AB - The amino acid sequence of the thioredoxin isolated from rabbit bone marrow was determined chiefly by high performance tandem mass spectrometry and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry combined with manual Edman degradation. The sequences of peptides generated by digestion with trypsin alone or in combination with Staphylococcus aureus protease V8 or thermolysin were determined from their collision-induced dissociation mass spectra. Alignment of these sequences and additional sequence information were obtained from the collision-induced dissociation mass spectra of peptides obtained from digestion of the intact protein with S. aureus protease V8 and alpha-chymotrypsin. The resulting sequence of 104 residues is as follows: Val-Lys-Gln-Ile-Glu-Ser-Lys-Ser-Ala-Phe-Gln- Glu Val-Leu-Asp-Ser-Ala-Gly-Asp-Lys-Leu-Val-Val- Val-Asp-Phe-Ser-Ala-Thr-Trp-Cys-Gly Pro-Cys-Lys- Met-Ile-Lys-Pro-Phe-Phe-His-Ala-Leu-Ser-Glu-Lys- Phe-Asn-Asn-Val-Val Phe-Ile-Glu-Val-Asp-Val-Asp- Asp-Cys-Lys-Asp-Ile-Ala-Ala-Glu-Cys-Glu-Val-Lys- Cys Met-Pro-Thr-Phe-Gln-Phe-Phe-Lys-Lys- Gly-Gln-Lys-Val-Gly-Glu-Phe-Ser-Gly-Ala-Asn Lys- Glu-Lys-Leu-Glu-Ala-Thr-Ile-Asn-Glu-Leu-Leu. PMID- 3164312 TI - Combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, oral Idarubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FIC) in metastatic breast cancer--an open phase II study. AB - Phase II studies of p.o. Idarubicin administration, a new daunorubicin analogue (4-demethoxy-daunorubicin), have shown antitumor activity in 23%-31% of previously treated metastatic breast cancer patients, while in untreated patients a response rate of 41% was observed. Our Phase II study has shown an overall response of 23% [1 complete response (CR), 9 partial response (PR), 10/43] with a daily dose of 15 mg/m2 p.o. on days 1,2,3. On the basis of these results we have recently included Idarubicin in combination chemotherapy of breast cancer, substituting Adriamycin by Idarubicin in an FAC schedule. Of 50 consecutive metastatic breast cancer patients who entered the study, 42 patients who received greater than 2 cycles were evaluable. There were 22 premenopausal and 20 postmenopausal patients (mean = 51 years). In 25 patients a performance status of 0-2 (ECOG) was registered and in 17 patients it was 3. Previous radiation had been administered in 34, hormonal therapy in 18, and adjuvant chemotherapy (CMF 5, CMFVP 3) in 8 patients; 22 patients had predominant metastatic sites in soft tissues, 18 in visceral organs, and 2 in the bones. The FIC schedule was administered as follows: 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 and 8, Idarubicin 15 mg/m2 p.o. days 1, 2 and 3, and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 i.v. day 1. An objective response was observed in 23 (5 CR, 18 PR) out of 42 patients (53%, CR 12%). Soft tissue metastases responded in 55% (12/22), visceral organs in 61% (11/18), and no response was observed in bone lesions (0/2). The median remission duration was 8 months (3-16+). Toxicity was mild, expressed mainly in the form of nausea/vomiting, grade I and II in 64% of the patients. Alopecia was very mild (grade I and II in 23% of the patients). Leukopenia grade I-II was observed in 21% of the patients. In 4 patients reversible ECG changes occurred. Left ventricular ejection fraction did not show any pathological changes. The Idarubicin-containing combination chemotherapy we have used has the following characteristics: easier administration (p.o. anthracycline, no risk of tissue extravasation), lower toxicity (cardiotoxicity, alopecia, and myelosuppression in particular), and a notable antitumor activity. PMID- 3164314 TI - Semiquantitative culture results and pathogenic significance of obligate anaerobes in peritonsillar abscesses. AB - We studied the bacteria in consecutive peritonsillar abscesses using semiquantitation of the primary culture findings and correlated the results to clinical parameters. Puncture-aspirated pus from 42 abscesses yielded 133 isolates. Group A streptococci were isolated 10 times and, unlike other bacteria, were isolated 4 times in pure culture; other beta-hemolytic streptococci were found in 8 abscesses, and anaerobes were found in 28. The infections were polymicrobial, with two to seven bacteria in 83%. Anaerobes were more abundant than nonanaerobes; members of the genera Streptococcus, Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus, and Fusobacterium were the most important quantitatively, considering both frequency and abundance. In patients with ongoing antibiotic treatment, nonanaerobes (but not anaerobes) were less abundant than in untreated patients. The abundance of obligate anaerobes (specifically cocci and gram positive rods) correlated to the severity of illness as defined by fever and short duration before hospitalization. With other groups of bacteria, no such correlation was found. The correlation was not explained by a difference between the antibiotic-treated and the untreated patients. The results indicate the value of the semiquantitation of culture data and the frequency and pathogenic significance of obligate anaerobes in peritonsillar abscesses. PMID- 3164313 TI - A casein kinase II-related activity is involved in phosphorylation of microtubule associated protein MAP-1B during neuroblastoma cell differentiation. AB - A neuroblastoma protein related to the brain microtubule-associated protein, MAP 1B, as determined by immunoprecipitation and coassembly with brain microtubules, becomes phosphorylated when N2A mouse neuroblastoma cells are induced to generate microtubule-containing neurites. To characterize the protein kinases that may be involved in this in vivo phosphorylation of MAP-1B, we have studied its in vitro phosphorylation. In brain microtubule protein, MAP-1B appears to be phosphorylated in vitro by an endogenous casein kinase II-like activity which also phosphorylates the related protein MAP-1A but scarcely phosphorylates MAP-2. A similar kinase activity has been detected in cell-free extracts of differentiating N2A cells. Using brain MAP preparations devoid of endogenous kinase activities and different purified protein kinases, we have found that MAP 1B is barely phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, Ca/calmodulin dependent protein kinase, or Ca/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase whereas MAP 1B is one of the preferred substrates, together with MAP-1A, for casein kinase II. Brain MAP-1B phosphorylated in vitro by casein kinase II efficiently coassembles with microtubule proteins in the same way as in vivo phosphorylated MAP-1B from neuroblastoma cells. Furthermore, the phosphopeptide patterns of brain MAP-1B phosphorylated in vitro by either purified casein kinase II or an extract obtained from differentiating neuroblastoma cells are identical to each other and similar to that of in vivo phosphorylated neuroblastoma MAP-1B. Thus, we suggest that the observed phosphorylation of a protein identified as MAP-1B during neurite outgrowth is mainly due to the activation of a casein kinase II related activity in differentiating neuroblastoma cells. This kinase activity, previously implicated in beta-tubulin phosphorylation (Serrano, L., J. Diaz-Nido, F. Wandosell, and J. Avila, 1987. J. Cell Biol. 105: 1731-1739), may consequently have an important role in posttranslational modifications of microtubule proteins required for neuronal differentiation. PMID- 3164316 TI - Supra-apical midfacial osteotomies--new surgical techniques and their application. AB - Four types of so-called "supra-apical midfacial osteotomies" are described in the detail. These are recommended for correction of the severely hypoplastic midface in the paranasal and hyponasal areas. A moderate vertical elongation of the midface is also achieved with these osteotomies. Their use in patients with cleft deformities to reduce the risk of hypernasality is recommended. PMID- 3164317 TI - Intra-nasal stabilization for severe nasal war injuries. AB - A new technique is presented for reduction and stabilization of avulsed and severe nasal war injuries. The procedure consists of moulded portex tracheostomy tubes, number 7 or 8, which, acting as intra-nasal scaffolding for soft and hard tissues, provide a patent airway of a vaulted or parabolic shape in the middle meatus region. The technique which is simple, short, and effective provides an acceptable appearance and is suitable for later reconstruction if needed. It proved to have several advantages over other more commonly employed methods. PMID- 3164319 TI - Juvenile fibromatosis. AB - Fibromatosis is an aggressive, non-metastasizing disease characterized by a neoplastic proliferation of fibroblasts, that rarely involves bone and lies on the borderline between benign and malignant tumours. We report three new cases of this rare entity. PMID- 3164318 TI - A comparative study on maxillofacial fractures in central and eastern Anatolia. A retrospective study. AB - The present report is an analysis of 190 patients with maxillofacial fractures from East Anatolia, and 212 patients with maxillofacial fractures from Central Anatolia. The aetiology, types, sites, sex, age, treatment and the results are discussed. These showed a high male:female ratio. The highest incidence was seen in the second and third decades and the lowest incidence in the seventh decade. The predominant causative factor in this study was traffic accidents, followed by fights and falls. Fractures of the body of the mandible, and LeFort I fractures in the midface, were the most common fractures in this study. PMID- 3164315 TI - Formation of factor Va by atherosclerotic rabbit aorta mediates factor Xa catalyzed prothrombin activation. AB - Vascular cell procoagulant activity may be important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In previous studies, we described the ability of the atherogenic metabolite homocysteine to activate endothelial cell Factor V, a key coagulation cofactor for thrombin generation. The present study was designed to investigate Factor V activity and Factor Xa-catalyzed prothrombin activation by control and atherosclerotic aorta from normal and hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Factor Xa generated ninefold more thrombin on atherosclerotic aortic segments than on control segments. Atherosclerotic segments activated 125I-prothrombin with Factor Xa in the presence of the thrombin inhibitor dansyl arginine-4-ethylpiperidine amide and cleaved 125I-Factor V. This suggests that increases in vessel-wall Factor V activity and Factor Xa-catalyzed prothrombin activation result from activation of vessel-wall Factor V. 125I-Factor Va peptides generated by atherosclerotic aorta were very similar in molecular weight to those generated by homocysteine-treated cells. When vascular endothelium was mechanically removed by brushing, atherosclerotic vessels still generated four- to fivefold more thrombin than control vessels. These data and results from immunocytochemical studies suggest that Factor V in atherosclerotic vessels is associated with both endothelium and other cells of the lesion. In contrast, Factor V in control vessels is associated primarily with endothelium. The increases in Factor V activity and thrombin formation in the blood vessel wall of hypercholesterolemic rabbits may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and its complications. PMID- 3164320 TI - Investigations into shoulder function after radical neck dissection. AB - In order to determine shoulder function after radical neck dissection, and to evaluate the outcome of postoperative physical treatment, 43 patients were investigated 10 days up to 1 month after this procedure. Shoulder function was judged by means of (a) clinical investigation of the shoulder girdle and by (b) electromyographic testing of the trapezius muscle. Our results demonstrated a correlation between the extent of atrophy and clinical parameters such as abduction and lateral displacement of the scapula. Electromyography revealed damage present mainly in the descending part of the trapezius, while in the majority of patients the ascending part was only slightly damaged or normal. Electromyography proved a valuable tool for the determination of the clinical state after neck dissection. There was also evidence supporting the efficacy of physical therapy in case of irreversible shoulder disability. PMID- 3164321 TI - Bone and soft connective tissue response to porous acrylic implants. A histokinetic study. AB - The ingrowth kinetics of soft and hard tissues near pre-polymerized and in-situ polymerized large pore, in-situ-polymerized small pore and solid acrylic implants were investigated. Empty cavities served as controls. Aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) gel was dispersed in bone cement to create interconnected porosity. After periods of insertion from 2 days up to 26 weeks in frontal and parietal bones in pigs, tissue blocks containing implants were embedded in JB4 and studied by light microscopy. After the disappearance of the CMC-gel, at first only cells invaded the large pore implants but necrotized when at some distance from the implant surface. Later, when blood vessels grew into the pores, accompanying vital fibrous connective tissue was observed. Finally, all pores were filled with connective tissue. Surrounding bone was first resorbed, starting at day 7, creating a soft tissue interface. A zone of bone deposition, starting deep in the remaining bone at day 2, moved towards the implant, thereby bridging the soft tissue interface. At 6 weeks bone grew into the pores, thus anchoring the implant. Continuing deposition of bone around the implant provided a so-called lamina dura effect with all implants. Qualitatively similar tissue kinetics were observed around solid and pre-polymerized large pore implants, evidently in the case of solid implants without tissue ingrowth. Into the small pore implants only superficial soft or hard tissue ingrowth was seen because of the too small interconnections. PMID- 3164322 TI - Combined Le Fort I osteotomy and oblique sliding osteotomy of the mandibular rami. A follow-up. AB - Bimaxillary surgery involving mandibular set-back and maxillary advancement has been performed on eight patients with severe prognathic mandibles and in two patients with pronounced retropositioning of the maxilla. The combined surgical approach turned out to give a very satisfying result both from the functional and aesthetic points of view. Whereas a certain skeletal horizontal relapse occurred in the mandible and a vertical one in the maxilla, the occlusal stability was maintained in all but one case. A good postoperative occlusion obviously retains the teeth in position. The soft tissue adaptation and final configuration postoperatively takes a long time, and should if possible be subjected to more sophisticated analysis before surgery. The bimaxillary approach with step-wise surgery, using an intermediate wafer is, in our opinion, a good solution to marked malpositions and in many cases preferable to single jaw surgery. PMID- 3164323 TI - Ocular injuries associated with fractures involving the orbit. AB - Ocular injuries often accompany periorbital fractures. The incidence reported by various authors varies greatly. The charts of 509 patients operated on because of a fracture involving the orbit were reviewed and the intra- and extraocular injuries were recorded. Subconjunctival haematoma, corneal abrasions and mild retinal oedema were not considered. It appeared that 26% of the injured suffered concomitant lesions of the eye and/or its adnexae. The incidence is discussed and certain hints are given, which can help non-ophthalmologists assess the severity of the trauma in cases where obvious signs are absent. PMID- 3164324 TI - The surgical one-stage management of combined cranio-maxillo-facial and frontobasal fractures. Advantages of the subcranial approach in 374 cases. AB - The aim of this paper is to emphasize the advantages of a one-stage, step by step repair of facial skeletal injuries as well as the dural tears and lesions of the anterior fossa, by one and the same team. The methods described permit optimal reduction of the pseudohypertelorism and major displacements in severe combined craniofacial injuries. The simultaneous subcranial exposure of the entire basal region of the anterior fossa obviates the intracranial approach or frontal lobe retraction thus making early stage surgical management feasible. The surgical treatment of these injuries as a single entity, as well as further modifications reduce complications such as recurrent CSF leakage, anosmia, mucocoele or secondary operations for inadequate fracture reduction. The significance of primary meticulous reconstruction of the combined cranial vault and midface fractures for the achievement of normal physiological function of the various systems is particularly highlighted. PMID- 3164325 TI - Pooling of sera for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing: an economical method for use in developing countries. AB - To determine whether donated blood samples in African countries could be pooled, then tested for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies with a single test without loss of accuracy, a single test on five pooled samples was used, followed by individual testing of positive pools. This resulted in no loss of either sensitivity or specificity. Pooling 10 samples resulted in a loss of sensitivity for low antibody titre specimens. Pooling reduced the costs of screening by 70% and time needed for analysis. It is concluded that pooling of five samples for HIV screening may result in a substantial reduction in costs; in countries where the prevalence of HIV is higher than the 2-3% found in Zimbabwean donors, however, savings may not be as great. PMID- 3164327 TI - Neutropenia preceding acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 3164326 TI - Extramedullary haemopoietic tumours complicating polycythaemia vera. AB - A 52 year old man with newly diagnosed polycythaemia vera in proliferative phase developed widespread extramedullary haemopoiesis (EMH), and died as a result of cervical cord compression. At necropsy, microscopic areas of primitive cells characteristic of granulocytic sarcoma were found within a large tumour of EMH in the right retroperitoneal region. Ultrastructural analysis showed unusual hexagonal inclusions within the cytoplasm of these primitive cells. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of discrete haemopoietic tumours, whether EMH or granulocytic sarcoma, in patients with polycythaemia vera as well as in other myeloproliferative disorders. PMID- 3164328 TI - Aspects of the validity of buccal loss of attachment greater than or equal to 1 mm in studies of early periodontitis. AB - The aim of this study was to consider the validity of measurements of loss of attachment on buccal surfaces in studies of early periodontitis and in particular to monitor the development of loss of attachment greater than or equal to 1 mm on buccal surfaces over a 2-year study period in 229 subjects initially aged 14.3 years and to relate this loss of attachment to gingival status and oral cleanliness at baseline. 3 subgroups were considered: the first comprised 83 subjects who developed no loss of attachment over the 2-year study period; subgroup 2 comprised 56 subjects who developed loss of attachment greater than or equal to 1 mm on buccal surfaces only; subgroup 3 comprised 75 subjects who developed loss of attachment greater than or equal to 1 mm on at least 1 buccal surface and on at least 1 mesio-buccal surface over the study period. The mean number of buccal sites with plaque, subgingival calculus, gingival colour change and gingival bleeding at baseline was lower in subgroup 2 than subgroup 3, the differences being significant for the latter three variables. The data failed to reject the null hypothesis of no differences between subgroups 2 and 1. It was concluded that the buccal loss of attachment greater than or equal to 1 mm found in subgroup 2 at age 16 years was associated with few oral deposits and little gingival inflammation and could probably be related to toothbrushing practices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3164329 TI - Effects of oral hygiene measures on clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontal disease. AB - The effects of a 12-week period of oral hygiene alone on gingival conditions and subgingival microflora in 15 patients with severe periodontitis were investigated. Clinical measurements and plaque samples from selected sites were taken at week 0 (baseline), week 6, and week 12. Plaque samples were also taken at week 13, that is, 1 week following debridement. At week 0, the patients were instructed in supragingival plaque control and at week 6, the hygiene regimen was supplemented with the subgingival use of a toothpick device. At week 12, the patients received a full mouth supra- and subgingival debridement under local anesthesia. In those patients who complied with oral hygiene instructions (subgroup A), the gingival condition improved moderately while no improvement was found in less compliant patients (subgroup B). No significant changes were noted in the subgingival microflora in either subgroups A or B throughout the 12-week period of oral hygiene alone. However, significant reductions for all microbial parameters were found 1 week after debridement. Therefore, while moderate clinical improvements followed oral hygiene alone, no measurable changes in the subgingival microflora were observed concomitantly. PMID- 3164331 TI - Periodontal wound healing responses to varying oxygen concentrations and atmospheric pressures. AB - Oxygen effects on healing gingival wedge excisions were tested using Sprague Dawley rats. 40 operated controls were maintained at normal pressure in room air. 3 experimental groups of 40 rats each were exposed for 90 min daily to one of the following: (1) 20.8% oxygen at 2.4 atmospheres pressure, (2) 100% oxygen at 1 atmosphere, or (3) 100% oxygen at 2.4 atmospheres. 5 animals in each group were sacrificed at the following times: 30, 54, 78 h and weeks 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12. Histometric analysis was performed using light microscopy. The connective tissue healing above a reference notch on the maxillary first molar mesial root was assessed. The controls failed to show healing comparable to experimental animals until the end of 2 weeks. Enhanced connective tissue healing above the notch was most significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) in the 2.4 atmospheres pressure groups at 3 and 6 weeks when compared to controls. However, by 12 weeks, no significant differences could be detected. New cementum formation was rare and occasional root resorption was observed. Early connective tissue adaptation does not imply eventual attachment as epithelial downgrowth progressively displaced the connective tissue adjacent to the root in both experimental and control groups of this study. PMID- 3164330 TI - The relationship of the periodontal status to fluoride levels of alveolar bone and tooth roots. AB - The periodontal status and fluoride levels of alveolar bone and tooth roots were compared for subjects from a high (2.5 ppm F) and a low (less than 0.05 ppm F) fluoride area. The plaque index, gingival index, probing depth and loss of attachment were measured to determine the periodontal status. The fluoride levels were determined by the use of the fluoride ion-selective electrode. Both communities had high plaque and gingival indices. However, the mean pocket probing depths in both communities were less than 2.5 mm. No statistically significant differences could be found in the periodontal status between the 2 areas. The fluoride levels in bone and root were higher for subjects from the high fluoride area. No statistically significant difference could be demonstrated between the fluoride levels in alveolar bone and tooth roots for each area. It was found that the fluoride levels in bone and roots increased with increasing age, but to a lesser degree for subjects from the low fluoride area. PMID- 3164333 TI - Guided tissue regeneration in degree II furcation-involved mandibular molars. A clinical study. AB - The present clinical trial was designed to evaluate the regenerative potential of the periodontal tissues in degree II furcation defects at mandibular molars using a surgical treatment technique based on the principles of guided tissue regeneration. The patient sample included 21 subjects, 22-65 years of age. The patients selected had periodontal lesions in the right and left molar regions including advanced periodontal tissue destruction within the interradicular area. After an initial examination, each patient received a series of full-mouth scalings and root planings. 2-3 months later, they were recalled for a baseline examination including assessment of plaque, gingivitis, probing depths and probing attachment levels. The furcation involved molars were randomly assigned in each patient to either a test or a control treatment procedure. The test procedure included the elevation of mucoperiosteal flaps at the buccal and lingual aspect of the alveolar process. The inner surface of each flap was carefully curetted to remove epithelium and granulation tissue. The root surfaces were scaled and planed. A teflon membrane was adjusted to cover the entrance of the furcation area and the adjacent root surfaces as well as a portion of the alveolar bone apical to the crest. The flaps were repositioned and placed on the outer surface of the membrane and secured with interdental sutures which were removed after 10 days of healing. Following surgery, the patients were instructed to rinse the mouth twice daily with chlorhexidine gluconate. A second surgical procedure was performed after a healing period of 1-2 months to remove the teflon membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3164332 TI - Clinical, microbiological and immunological features of subjects with destructive periodontal diseases. AB - 76 subjects with prior evidence of destructive periodontal diseases were monitored clinically and immunologically every 2 months for up to 5 years. Clinical parameters measured included bleeding on probing, gingival redness, plaque accumulation, suppuration, pocket depth and attachment level. Blood samples were taken by venipuncture and serum antibody levels to a series of 18 subgingival species determined. 33 of these subjects showed evidence of active disease during the monitoring period, based on changes in attachment level measurements assessed using the tolerance method of analysis. Mean attachment loss in these 33 subjects varied from 1.4 mm to 9.0 (median value 3.4 mm) and subjects whose mean attachment level was above the median showed a higher % of pockets greater than 3 mm and more suppuration. Severity of gingival inflammation related poorly to mean attachment loss. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from the active site(s) and from control sites of equal pocket depth and attachment loss in the same active disease subjects, prior to therapy, for predominant cultivable microbiota studies. 50 randomly selected isolates were identified from each sample. Predominant cultivable species in 170 pretreatment active and inactive sites combined (8500 isolates) were enumerated. The most frequently detected species were F. nucleatum (112 sites) and S. intermedius (106 sites), although the predominant species in the samples from each subject differed. The distribution of putative pathogens differed among subjects. For example, A. actinomycetemcomitans was found in 21 samples in 11 subjects and B. forsythus was found in 18 samples from 10 individuals. Antibody response patterns to the 18 subgingival species also varied among subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3164334 TI - Effect of modified Widman flap surgery and systemic tetracycline on the subgingival microbiota of periodontal lesions. AB - 33 subjects with evidence of active destructive periodontal disease were treated by modified Widman flap surgery and systemic tetracycline (1 g/day for 21 days). Subgingival plaque samples were taken from 41 sites in 12 of these subjects before and 6 months after therapy for predominant cultivable microbiota studies. Mean pocket depth and attachment levels in the 41 sampled sites were 7.1 +/- 2.9 mm and 7.7 +/- 3.2 mm prior to therapy and 4.8 +/- 2.3 mm and 6.2 +/- 3.4 mm after therapy. B. melaninogenicus and V. parvula were more frequently detected in samples taken after therapy, while S. intermedius, S. morbillorum, S. uberis and W. recta were less frequently detected after therapy. A. actinomycetemcomitans were detected in 7 sites pretherapy and 1 site post therapy. The frequency of detection of B. gingivalis and B. intermedius was virtually unchanged. The mean levels of the Actinomyces sp., A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. gingivalis, B. intermedius, S. morbillorum, S. uberis and W. recta were decreased after therapy, while the mean levels of B. melaninogenicus, S. mitis, S. sanguis II and V. parvula were increased after therapy. V. parvula showed the greatest increase to 8.2% of the microbiota. In the second phase of the study, subgingival plaque samples from 94 sites in the 33 treated subjects were analyzed by predominant cultivable techniques. As a result of therapy, 24 sites exhibited attachment loss greater than 2 mm, 23 sites exhibited "gain" greater than 2 mm and the remaining 47 sites were considered to be unchanging.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3164335 TI - Lichen planus evoked by periodontal surgery. AB - A case of Lichen Planus (LP) following periodontal surgery in a patient previously free of the disease is described. Genetic predisposition and lymphokine secretion stimulated by local trauma are suggested as a possible mechanism of the phenomenon. It is recommended that LP patients, especially those suffering from the erosive type, should be treated as conservatively as possible, minimizing the possibility of trauma to the oral tissues where local immunity may have been altered by a pathological process. PMID- 3164336 TI - Smile, baby, smile. PMID- 3164338 TI - Induced root apexification following traumatic injuries of the pulp in children: follow-up study. AB - Of twenty-five cases presented here, eighteen were boys and seven were girls who required apexification through December 1986. Nine teeth were considered treatment failures after a 9.5-year follow-up period. With these nine cases, however, five teeth to date have had successful endodontic treatment. Additional follow-up time (5-8 years) is required to evaluate the final outcome of pulp canal therapy applied in cases of traumatized maxillary permanent incisor teeth, with incomplete root formation. PMID- 3164337 TI - Disturbed eruption of the permanent lower second molar: treatment and results. AB - To facilitate treatment of impacted lower second molars, different modes of treatment were studied retrospectively and the results related to the inclination and the degree of impaction of the tooth. Seventy-seven referred patients were treated with one of three basic methods: denudation of the second molar, orthodontics, or extraction of a molar. The methods were often combined, with a total of seventeen treatment combinations applied. Of the 95 impacted teeth, 68 percent were treated successfully, 21 percent acceptably, and 11 percent unsuccessfully. Irrespective of the degree of retention, the treatment of mesioangular impaction was most successful. The partially retained molars in the distoangular and vertical positions were particularly resistant to treatment. No method was superior to the others. Denudation could suffice, but usually a molar had to be extracted because of crowding. Orthodontic treatment was sometimes necessary to obtain correct axial inclination. PMID- 3164339 TI - A scanning electron microscopic study of enamel surfaces treated with topical fluoride agents in vivo. AB - The morphological appearance of human enamel treated with topical fluoride (F) agents was studied. Maxillary acrylic appliances carrying the enamel sections were worn for 24 h following 5-min application of neutral NaF gel-drops, APF gel and Duraphat varnish. All F treatment induced surface coatings composed of globules, suggestive of CaF2. The sizes of the globules varied according to the F agents and, in general, were less than 1 micron in diameter. The globules formed following neutral NaF gel-drops and APF were spherical; while those produced by Duraphat were flattened, forming a sheet-like deposit. Irregular masses of organic-like material were seen on F- untreated enamel, which were exposed to the oral environment for 24 h (controls). The prolonged retention of a F-rich surface coating may act as a reservoir of F supplement to the enamel microenvironment, which thus contributes to remineralization. PMID- 3164340 TI - More children are using dental services in the second half of the 1980s. PMID- 3164342 TI - In vitro biocompatibility testing: a new organ culture model. PMID- 3164341 TI - The effects of nitrous oxide on anxious young pediatric patients across sequential visits: a double-blind study. AB - Nitrous oxide has acquired widespread use as a tool for managing young dentally anxious children. Clinical impressions have suggested it eliminates uncooperative behavior while alleviating anxiety and facilitating coping skills. Data to support these claims documenting the effects of nitrous oxide across sequential visits has not previously been presented. Research which attempts to clarify the impact of a particular intervention on anxiety reduction, the development of coping skills, or the modification of patient attitudes toward care can anticipate numerous and complex methodological obstacles. Nevertheless, it seems important that longitudinal approaches which examine the anxiety process prospectively are necessary to clarify the immediate and long-term consequences of proposed anxiety management strategies. Further work seems particularly urgent to develop improved methods, in which to assess and measure childhood dental anxiety and the impact of strategies directed at its reduction. Further study which addresses these issues is needed to guide best the effective and appropriate use of nitrous oxide for the pediatric patient. PMID- 3164343 TI - Eugenol release and the cytotoxicity of different zinc oxide-eugenol combination. PMID- 3164344 TI - The effect of fatigue on the silent period of the masseter electromyogram. PMID- 3164345 TI - The effect of acrylic acid dimer on the properties of carboxycement. PMID- 3164346 TI - Radiographic pattern of root resorption in autotransplanted maxillary canines. PMID- 3164347 TI - Analysis of the edentulous maxillary periosteal bone surface. PMID- 3164349 TI - Proceedings of the 65th AADS annual session. American Association of Dental Schools. PMID- 3164348 TI - A comparison of two methods of inferior alveolar nerve block. PMID- 3164350 TI - Parents: questions and answers. PMID- 3164351 TI - Fluoride: a natural safeguard. PMID- 3164352 TI - Wake up to prevention for the smile of a lifetime. PMID- 3164354 TI - Keep your smile ... all your life. PMID- 3164353 TI - Overcoming dental anxiety. PMID- 3164355 TI - [Tissue distribution of CA-125 in female reproductive organs]. AB - In order to elucidate the origin of elevated serum CA-125 values in patients with endometriosis, CA-125 content in the uterine endometrium, myometrium, leiomyoma, fallopian tube, ovary, adenomyotic tissue and endometriotic tissue, were measured by RIA. The CA-125 content in the normal endometrium was 334.7 +/- 39.1 U/mg protein, and this was significantly (p less than 0.001) higher than that in the myometrium (66.1 +/- 8.6), cervical gland (131.7 +/- 24.2), fallopian tube (111.6 +/- 15.8) and ovary (64.6 +/- 15.6). Endometriotic tissue contained 217.5 +/- 23.1, and adenomyotic tissue contained 235.3 +/- 47.7. No significant difference was found between tissue from cervical and corporal malignancies of the uterus, but ovarian cancer tissue contained a high CA-125 level compared to normal ovarian tissue. The mean concentration of CA-125 in menstrual blood was 377.9 +/- 79.9 U/ml and was about 11 times as high as that seen in peripheral blood in the same donor. The fact that the endometrium contained the highest amount of CA-125 among normal tissues examined supports the hypothesis that externally developed endometrium is the primary source of elevated serum CA-125 in patients with endometriosis. PMID- 3164356 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection. PMID- 3164357 TI - Quantitative autoradiographic localization of prostaglandin E2 binding sites in monkey diencephalon. AB - Quantitative autoradiography was performed to investigate the mapping of prostaglandin E2 binding sites in the Macaca fuscata fuscata diencephalon. Autoradiographs were prepared by incubation of 10-micron-thick serial frozen sections with 3H-prostaglandin E2 and were processed by using a rotating drum scanner and a computer-assisted image-processing system with 3H-microscales as standards. The localization of prostaglandin E2 binding sites was remarkably discrete in the diencephalon. The highest concentrations were found in the median and medial preoptic areas, supramammilary nucleus of the hypothalamus, and centromedian nucleus of the thalamus. High density was observed in the medial and dorsal hypothalamic areas; paraventricular, anterior, dorsomedial, and infundibular nuclei of the hypothalamus; and in the anteroventral, periventricular, paraventricular, laterodorsal, and habenular nuclei of the thalamus. The distribution correlates well with the known effects of prostaglandin E2 and may also give us useful clues in unveiling the novel role of prostaglandin E2 in a variety of brain functions. PMID- 3164358 TI - Structural variation in labial dentin and lingual dentin in the rat incisor. PMID- 3164359 TI - Morphological significance of root length variability in comparison with other crown dimensions. II. Correlation between crown and root measurements. PMID- 3164360 TI - Taste threshold, anatomical form of fungiform papillae and aging in humans. PMID- 3164361 TI - Studies on polyfunctional cyclophosphazene monomers for dental use (2)--physical properties of polymers. PMID- 3164362 TI - Functional forces on complete dentures during swallowing and mastication. PMID- 3164363 TI - The recognition of craniomandibular disorders--a comparison between clinical and radiographic findings in eighty-nine subjects. AB - A comparison has been made between clinical and radiographical findings in a study of eighty-nine patients suffering from craniomandibular disorders. In general it was found that condylar changes were more common in these patients than in earlier studies concerning the severe problems of craniomandibular disorders. A statistically significant correlation between clinical and radiographical findings was found for crepitation with osteophyte formation of the condyle (P less than 0.01). After clinical separation of the patients into two groups based upon the origin of pain, myogenous versus arthrogenous, no radiographical correlation could be made except for condylar osteophytes. With the clinical method used for separation of patients it was found that the clicking of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was more common among myogenous patients (P less than 0.05); crepitation was more common among arthrogenous patients (P less than 0.01), as was limited mouth opening (P less than 0.05) and deviation on opening (P less than 0.05). Radiographically, the only statistical difference between the two groups was found for osteophyte formation of the condyle, this was more common among arthrogenous patients (P less than 0.05). As the clinical method has been tested earlier, the results of this study lends support to the idea that conventional radiographical examination is of limited use in the initial diagnostics of craniomandibular disorders. Therefore new alternatives have to be developed. PMID- 3164364 TI - A comparative study between two randomly selected samples from which to derive standards for craniofacial measurements. AB - The present study was performed to derive cephalometric standards for Saudi Arabian boys aged from 9-12 years. The sample was then compared with a British sample aged 9-12 years to detect statistical differences. The differences between both samples demonstrated a slightly prognathic Saudi face, more protrusive upper and lower incisors, and low Gonial and saddle angles. PMID- 3164365 TI - The amalgam margin angle, marginal breakdown and adjacent caries in occlusal enamel, a pilot study on extracted teeth. AB - The object of this study was to determine for amalgam restorations the relationship between marginal breakdown and (i) over- or undercarving; (ii) the amalgam margin angle (AMA); and (iii) the incidence of carious occlusal enamel adjacent to the restoration. Fifty-two extracted human teeth with occlusal amalgam fillings from the Chicago (C) area and forty-three teeth from the Jerusalem (J) area, were examined with a probe. Employing common clinical criteria, it was found that replacement of the fillings was indicated due to extensive marginal defects, in 45% of the C teeth, and 41% of the J teeth. The occlusal amalgam margins and the incidence of caries adjacent to these margins were studied on facio-lingual sections. The incidence and the average AMA values for six margin types were measured on random sections and were found to be: all margins (100%, 67 degrees); intact flush margins (31%, 69 degrees); fractured flush margins (21%, 56 degrees); undercarved margins which fractured (22%, 74 degrees), or did not fracture (9%, 80 degrees) near the cavity margin; margins with amalgam deficiencies (12%, 62 degrees); and margins with separation between enamel and amalgam by remnants of linings (5%). Marginal breakdown was found in 42% of the margins and was associated mainly with flush carving at low AMAs, and with broken flashes resulting from undercarving. Occlusal carious enamel was detected on 19% of the J teeth and none of the C teeth. Sixty-three per cent of these lesions were associated with fractured undercarved margins. PMID- 3164367 TI - Force-displacement properties of a modified cross-linked silicone compared with facial tissues. AB - A dimethyl siloxane triacetoxy terminated silane, Type A adhesive, was modified with the base component of a medium grade polydimethyl siloxane with vinyl groups, MDX 4-4210, to produce a more pliable maxillofacial prosthesis. Force displacement curves of various ratios of Type A adhesive/MDX 4-4210 were determined and compared with force-displacement curves obtained from human subjects. Within the force range of 0.4 to 1.2 N, the force-displacement slopes obtained on human subjects compared favourably with some of the Type A adhesive/MDX 4-4210 test specimens. The force-displacement slopes for the elastomers and humans were not in agreement for forces below 0.4 N. PMID- 3164366 TI - Bilabial compression force discrimination by human subjects. AB - This study examined and compared bilabial compression force difference limen (DL) values (the minimally perceivable difference between two compression forces) for a group of twenty normal-speaking female subjects (mean age, 25 years) under conditions with and without the teeth clenched. In addition, measures of maximum bilabial compression force under conditions with and without the teeth clenched were obtained. Mean DL values obtained against a standard of 100 gm were 36 gm for the clenched condition and 38 gm with no clenching. Discrimination performance under these two conditions was not significantly different (P greater than 0.05). Mean maximum bilabial compression force was 411 gm with the teeth clenched and 568 gm without clenching. This difference in performance was significant (P less than 0.01). This study provides initial normal data against which individuals with labial sensorimotor dysfunction can be compared. PMID- 3164368 TI - The use of an electronic thermometer in intraoral temperature measurement. AB - The applicability of an electronic thermometer CRAFTEMP in taking intraoral temperatures was determined. Sublingal temperatures in ten young subjects with complete natural dentitions, and the temperatures at the denture base-mucosa interface and on the polished surface of both maxillary and mandibular complete dentures in ten elderly patients were measured. The results showed that there was a temperature difference between the polished surface of the maxillary denture and the denture base-mucosa interface. This was statistically significant in the female but not in the male subjects. No temperature difference could be demonstrated with any of the mandibular dentures. The CRAFTEMP was found to be a convenient and reliable method for intraoral temperature measurement. PMID- 3164369 TI - A new objective parameter for the electromyographic evaluation of masticatory function of edentulous patients. AB - An objective parameter for the electromyographic evaluation of the masticatory function of edentulous patients was studied. The normal ranges of the parameters for such subjects were also established. This study focused on the time parameter of electromyography, which is one of the most reproducible parameters. The variation coefficient of the time parameters (interval and duration) were revealed to be reliable and reproducible for the evaluation of masticatory functions. PMID- 3164370 TI - Oxidation of a gold-palladium PFM alloy. AB - In this study, the influence of oxygen pressure, as well as oxidation time and temperature, on the oxide formation of a gold-palladium-indium-gallium alloy was investigated. After oxidation (vacuum/air, 1-10 min, 940-1020 degrees C) the oxides were removed selectively by means of leaching in 37% hydrochloric acid. Concentrations of the metallic parts of the oxide layers were determined by means of an emission spectrometer. The composition of the oxide layer was computed on the basis of these measurements. Palladium oxide was not found. The formation of In2O3 and Ga2O3 was detected. The oxidation time did not influence the composition of the oxide layer. A higher oxidation temperature gave a slightly greater In2O3 concentration. Oxidation in vacuum resulted in a much higher Ga2O3 content. Under all conditions gallium oxidized preferentially. PMID- 3164371 TI - Long-term coping with pediatric leukemia: a six-year follow-up study. PMID- 3164372 TI - The mechanism of pocket formation. A light microscopic study on undecalcified human material. AB - Two hundred eighteen human teeth with surrounding periodontal tissues in different stages of pathogenesis were studied under light microscopy using the "sawing and grinding" technique. This was done without decalcification and with special emphasis on the dentogingival junction area so as to study the mechanism of pocket formation. Thirty early, 133 established, and 214 advanced lesions were included. No initial lesion was seen. Pocket formation, provoked by microbacterial plaque, seemed to be initiated by the degenerative changes in the second or third cell layers from the innermost cells in the most coronal part of the junctional epithelium facing the microbial plaque. Consequently, an intraepithelial cleavage was formed followed by the degeneration and desquamation of the cells lining the split. This resulted in a deep crevice and gingival pocket formation in both early and established lesions. In advanced lesions, the deep pocket epithelium was exposed for such a long distance adjacent to the plaque and calculus, that the epithelium could be directly affected by toxic bacterial products and mechanical irritation of calculus. Finally, the epithelium became very thin and ulcerated, and a typical periodontal pocket was formed. The disruption of the epithelial barrier along with the concomitant penetration of bacteria and/or their toxic products were considered to be the most significant factors related to the conversion of an established lesion to an aggressive lesion. PMID- 3164373 TI - Bacterial invasion in root cementum and radicular dentin of periodontally diseased teeth in humans. A reservoir of periodontopathic bacteria. AB - In this study the viability and the distribution of bacteria within the radicular dentin and pulp of periodontally diseased caries-free teeth were studied. Healthy teeth served as controls. Samples were obtained from the pulp tissue and from the radicular dentin. Dentin samples were taken from the interdental surfaces in the subgingival area. Starting from the pulpal side, three to five successive dentin layers of approximately 1 mm thickness were sampled. The samples were processed and cultured using an anaerobic technique. Bacterial growth was detected in 87% of the periodontally diseased teeth. In 83% of the teeth, bacteria were present in at least one of the dentin layers. Fifty-nine percent of the diseased teeth, from which the pulp tissue was cultured, contained bacteria in the pulp samples. The mean bacterial concentrations in the pulp and dentin layers ranged from 1,399 to 16,537 colony-forming units (CFU) per mg of tissue. These concentrations were 259 to 7,190 times greater than concentrations found in healthy teeth. It is suggested that the roots of periodontally diseased teeth could act as bacterial reservoirs from which recolonization of mechanically treated root surfaces can occur, as well as infection of the dental pulp. These findings might change current concepts concerning root surface debridement in periodontal therapy. PMID- 3164374 TI - Upper anterior tooth mobility. Selected associations in untreated periodontitis. AB - The relationship between buccolingual tooth mobility (TM) and other clinical parameters was studied in 124 upper anterior teeth in 21 patients with untreated periodontitis. Periapical long-cone radiographs were available for 74 teeth in the same population. TM was measured with Muhlemann's macroperiodontometer. Probing depths, attachment levels and bleeding were measured with a constant force probe. Bone levels were estimated from radiographs. Presence of occlusal contact was noted in the intercuspal position and excursive movements of the mandible. Attachment levels showed the highest correlation with TM, and radiographically estimated bone support was the next highest. Results varied according to tooth type: the attachment level of the lateral incisors showed the highest correlation with TM, while probing depths and proximal bone support showed lower associations with TM in all cases. In this population, no association was detected between the presence of occlusal contact and TM, or between inflammation and TM. Multiple and partial correlation analysis indicated that probing attachment level was the most important correlate of tooth mobility. PMID- 3164376 TI - Distributions of periodontal attachment levels. Mathematical models and implications. AB - Distributions of periodontal attachment levels at probing sites within patients have traditionally been used in clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. Progression from mild to moderate to severe disease is generally associated with increasing magnitudes of attachment loss at greater percentages of sites. Recent analyses of distributions of periodontal attachment levels have suggested three general patterns of loss defined by: (1) loss at less than about one third of all sites, (2) more widespread disease with multiple peaks and (3) normally distributed loss with virtually all sites being affected. In attempting to stimulate these three patterns using a model based on the burst theory of periodontal attachment loss, divergent assumptions about burst magnitude, frequency, and possible local immunity were required. These findings were used to support the hypothesis that distinctly different disease processes are associated with the different patterns of attachment level. In the present investigation an alternative model was developed which was theoretically consistent with the view that the three patterns reflect arbitrary stages in a continuous disease "aging" process. Simple assumptions concerning attachment loss probabilities and rates enabled the generation of attachment level distributions that matched all three patterns previously attributed to separate disease processes, depending only upon the duration of the process. PMID- 3164375 TI - Oral manifestations of agranulocytosis associated with methimazole therapy. AB - This paper reports a case of agranulocytosis that developed in a patient with hyperthyroidism two months after the administration of methimazole. The patient manifested symptoms of fever, sore throat, profound leukopenia, and oral complications such as generalized gingival necrosis and mucosa ulceration, which subsequently abated upon withdrawal of the drug. Dental practitioners should be aware of the potential of agranulocytosis associated with methimazole therapy. The oral manifestations should be kept in mind. PMID- 3164377 TI - The in vitro effects of amine fluorides on plaque bacteria. AB - Forty strains of bacteria which may be isolated from subgingival plaque were tested for their in vitro susceptibility to several amine fluorides and a commercial formulation (Elmex gel) containing these compounds. The amine fluorides were active against a wide range of plaque bacteria with gram-positive strains tending to be more sensitive than gram-negatives. The minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 45 to 1440 micrograms/ml with approximately half of the strains being inhibited at a concentration of 130 micrograms/ml of amine fluoride. The Elmex gel had a bactericidal effect on all of the strains tested and exhibited a rapid killing action at high dilutions. These in vitro findings suggest that amine fluorides may be useful in the treatment or prophylaxis of plaque-related diseases. PMID- 3164378 TI - Testing reliability of plaque and gingival indices. Two methods. AB - This investigation was undertaken to compare two methods of interexaminer and intraexaminer reliability in the evaluation of Plaque and Gingival Indices prior to a study of toothbrushing. Inter-/intraexaminer reliabilities were compared using a projected slide series consisting of 40 slides of clinical examples of gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation. Time between assessments was three weeks. Using the slide technique, intraexaminer reliability was established for: (1) Gingival Indices and (2) Plaque Indices. Interexaminer reliability was also established for Gingival Indices. Interexaminer reliability could not be established for Plaque Indices on the first assessment but was established on the post-assessment. Intraexaminer reliability was also determined through clinical examinations of patients. A third clinician was used to manipulate the tissue while investigators evaluated bleeding on provocation and plaque accumulation. Significant results were established for the Gingival Indices and Plaque Indices. Results of this investigation suggest that significant inter-/intraexaminer reliabilities may be obtained for gingival indices using the slide technique. In addition, the clinic technique appeared useful for assessing interexaminer reliability for Gingival Indices. Plaque Indices using the slide technique required more practice than those using the clinic technique. PMID- 3164379 TI - Tooth loss in 1535 treated periodontal patients. AB - Of 1535 treated recall patients surveyed over an average time of 12.9 years since treatment was completed, 1371 had lost no teeth from periodontal disease. The total number of teeth lost was 444, with the average tooth loss for the 1535 patients being 0.29. In the three full arch splinted cases, the loss rate was 14.67 teeth per patient. Patients treated without any excisional or flap surgical procedures made up 26.5% of those surveyed, whereas 73.5% had required various surgical procedures. No attempt was made to compare different pocket therapy procedures. Although many patients developed recurrent periodontal problems during recall, only 15.9% of the 1535 patients required surgical retreatment. Teeth that were originally given a doubtful prognosis often were responsible for recurrent problems and sometimes required extraction. PMID- 3164380 TI - Bilateral subpontic osseous hyperplasia. A case report. AB - A case of osseous hyperplasia under the pontics of fixed partial dentures in right and left mandibular first molar regions is presented. Radiographs showed hemispherical radio-opacities on the alveolar ridges. Histologic examination revealed the lesions were composed of a dense mass of mature bone with well developed lamellae and haversian systems, viable osteocytes in lacunae and a few marrow spaces filled with loose fibrous connective tissue. The review of the literature showed osseous hyperplasia under the pontic of a fixed partial denture has been seen only in the mandibular molar or premolar regions, but no conclusion about its etiology was made. PMID- 3164381 TI - Subcutaneous facial emphysema secondary to use of the Cavi-Jet. AB - A case of subcutaneous facial emphysema secondary to use of the Cavi-Jet air polishing system is reported. Air pressure of the Cavi-Jet may exceed that of other dental instruments such as the air/water syringe or air turbine handpiece. Inadvertent angulation of the nozzle tip into a severe periodontal pocket precipitated this condition, which resolved with no serious sequelae. No treatment other than prophylactic antibiotics was prescribed. PMID- 3164382 TI - The effect of nicotine on the attachment of human fibroblasts to glass and human root surfaces in vitro. AB - This study examined the effect of nicotine on fibroblast attachment to glass and nondiseased human root surfaces. Human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) were trypsinized, suspended in RPMI 1640 medium, and incubated with autoclaved human root sections and nicotine concentrations of zero (control), 25, 50, 100, 200, or 400 ng/ml. The root sections were examined for fibroblast attachment at 24, 48, and 72 hours by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additional trypsinized HFF were incubated on glass surfaces with the same concentrations of nicotine and examined at one week by light microscopy. HFF attached and grew on glass and root surfaces at all concentrations of nicotine. Controls on glass surfaces exhibited a normal monolayer of long spindle-shaped fibroblasts with a parallel alignment and minimal overlapping. Nicotine-treated HFF exhibited a haphazard arrangement with cell overlapping and vacuolization of the cytoplasm. Under SEM, the controls had smooth surfaces and appeared firmly attached to the root surface via (1) microvilli and filopodia on the cell boundaries and (2) short, branched, thin-to-medium width cytoplasmic processes with microvilli and filopodia on their boundaries. Few microvilli were noted on the control cell surfaces. HFF exposed to nicotine had microvilli and filopodia on the cell surfaces and long thin and long broad cytoplasmic processes with many microvilli and filopodia that projected away from the root surface. These findings suggest that the nature of fibroblast attachment to glass and root surfaces is altered by nicotine. A similar disturbance in fibroblast attachment may occur in humans who use nicotine-containing products, making them more susceptible to destruction of the periodontium and less responsive to new attachment after periodontal therapy. PMID- 3164383 TI - Who uses the services of periodontists? AB - A review is provided of data from the 1983 National Health Interview Survey on the use of the services of periodontists. PMID- 3164384 TI - Specialized postcapillary venules in human gingival tissue. AB - High endothelial venules (HEV) are specialized postcapillary venules that play a central role in lymphocyte migration and recirculation. This study examined the occurrence and morphology of HEV-like vessels in healthy gingiva and in lesions of chronic gingivitis in children, experimental gingivitis in adults, adult periodontitis, and in periapical granulomas. HEV-like vessels were absent in gingival health, but present during the development of inflammation and in chronic inflammation. The morphology of these HEV-like vessels in the oral cavity resembled that of lymphoid HEV. Thus gingival HEV may represent sites for the entry of lymphocytes into chronic inflammatory lesions. PMID- 3164385 TI - Problems of genetic model testing in early onset periodontitis. AB - Familial aggregation of early onset or juvenile periodontitis (JP), a disorder that varies in expression and age of onset, has been recognized for some time. Autosomal recessive and X-linked inheritance patterns have been suggested, and one large pedigree has demonstrated autosomal dominant inheritance. The variability and age limitations in clinical phenotypic diagnosis present several problems to genetic analysis, because information on members of the youngest and older generations may be lost to the analysis. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the genetic basis of JP by formal pedigree analysis and comparison of competing genetic models. Twenty-eight families were included, with general and specific autosomal models, and an X-linked model being compared. The autosomal recessive model provided the most parsimonious explanation of the data, and its likelihood was not significantly different from the more general model. Likelihoods for the sporadic (nongenetic) and X-linked models were considerably lower than the autosomal models. While comparison of genetic models suggests recessive inheritance of JP, the serious complications to pedigree analysis posed by limitations warns against acceptance of this conclusion, without more exhaustive evaluation of: (1) a more extensive collection of family data, (2) more complete investigation of the effects of age limitations on comparisons among competing models, and (3) elucidation of the importance of diagnosis and phenotype assignment of adults through past dental records. PMID- 3164386 TI - Intra-arterial cisplatinum in preparation for the limb salvage procedure. PMID- 3164387 TI - Effects of N-deacetylation and N-desulfation of heparin on its anticoagulant activity and in vivo disposition. AB - This investigation compares the anticoagulant activities and in vivo disposition characteristics of N-deacetylated heparin and N-desulfated heparin with those of standard heparin in an animal model. The N-deacetylated heparin retained 23% of the anticoagulant activity, 34% of the anti-Xa activity and 23% of the anti-IIa activity of standard heparin, whereas the N-desulfated heparin retained only 1.5% of the anticoagulant activity, 0.095% of the anti-Xa activity and 0.92% of the anti-IIa activity of the original heparin. After i.v. injections of 5 mg/kg of the modified heparins, both N-deacetylated and N-deacetylated heparin concentrations showed monoexponential declines with time. The elimination half lives were similar, 11.7 +/- 3.8 and 13.5 +/- 5.2 min, respectively (N.S.). There were, however, significant differences in both total clearance (Cl) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd) for these heparins, both parameters being significantly larger for the N-deacetylated heparin (P = .0007). The Cl values were 4.15 +/- 1.11 and 0.58 +/- 0.26 ml/min/kg and the Vd values were 72.1 +/- 38.7 and 9.9 +/- 2.4 ml/kg for the N-deacetylated and N-desulfated heparins, respectively. We have reported previously that after a similar dose of standard heparin the elimination half-life was 69.0 +/- 13.1 min, Cl was 0.64 +/- 0.16 ml/min/kg and Vd was 62.6 +/- 16.7 ml/kg. These studies have thus demonstrated that selective N-deacetylation and N-desulfation of the glucosamine residues of heparin affect markedly both its anticoagulant activity and in vivo disposition characteristics. Although important for full anticoagulant activity of heparin, the N-acetyl groups are apparently not essential.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3164388 TI - Pharmacology of SCH 34826, an orally active enkephalinase inhibitor analgesic. AB - SCH 34826 [(S)-N-[N-[1-[[(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4yl) methoxy]carbonyl]-2 phenylethyl]-L-phenylalanine]-beta-alanine] was synthesized as a p.o. active prodrug enkephalinase inhibitor. In vivo, it is de-esterified to SCH 32615 (N-[L (-1-carboxy-2-phenyl)ethyl]-L-phenylalanyl-beta-alanine), the active constituent. In vitro, the Ki for SCH 32615 to block the degradation of Met5-enkephalin by isolated enkephalinase is 19.5 +/- 0.9 nM. In contrast, SCH 32615 did not inhibit aminopeptidase or diaminopeptidase III degradation of Met5-enkephalin up to 10 microM and did not affect angiotensin converting enzyme up to 10 microM. In vivo, p.o. administered SCH 34826 potentiated the analgesic effects of D-Ala2-Met5 enkephalinamide in mice (ED50 = 5.3 mg/kg p.o.) and rats [minimal effective dose (MED) = 1 mg/kg p.o.]; SCH 32615 had no effect up to 30 mg/kg p.o., but was active parenterally (ED50 in mice = 1.4 ng/kg sc). Direct, naloxone-reversible analgesic effects of SCH 34826 were demonstrated in the mouse low temperature hot plate test (MED = 30 mg/kg p.o.), the mouse acetic acid-induced writhing test (MED = 30 mg/kg p.o.), the rat stress-induced analgesia test (MED = 10 mg/kg p.o.) and the modified rat yeast-paw test (MED = 100 mg/kg p.o.). Using the rat D Ala2-Met5-enkephalinamide potentiation test the duration of action of SCH 34826 was at least 4 hs. No respiratory or gastrointestinal side effects of any consequence were noted at doses up to 100 times those active in the D-Ala2-Met-5 enkephalinamide potentiation test. PMID- 3164389 TI - The effect of fixed partial dentures made of silver-palladium alloy on serum immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, and IgM. PMID- 3164390 TI - Video-assisted prosthodontics. AB - An 8 mm camcorder was used to produce and replay video tape recordings of patient consultations, diagnosis, and treatment. The benefits of this modality were presented and discussed. PMID- 3164391 TI - Orthopantomographic examination of the edentulous mouth. AB - Orthopantomograms from 250 persons, edentulous in one or both jaws, were examined with the aim to assess the frequency and location of significant radiographic abnormalities. The most frequent findings were retained roots and teeth, disclosed in 11.1% and 4.9% of the subjects, respectively. The findings were compared with the results of previous surveys and the various radiographic methods used in the examination of edentulous jaws discussed. The results of this and previous studies demonstrates (1) the necessity of a routine radiographic examination of the jaws of every patient before construction of a single denture or complete dentures, and (2) the need for a better extraction technique together with more universal use of radiographs before and after extraction. PMID- 3164392 TI - Clinical application of endodontic implants. PMID- 3164393 TI - A simplified prosthesis for the treatment of burns to the oral cavity. AB - A simple procedure for construction of a splint for the treatment of burns to the oral cavity has been described. The splint prevents scarring and contracture of the oral opening during healing. PMID- 3164394 TI - Frontal chewing patterns of the incisor point and their dependence on resistance of food and type of occlusion. AB - This study has shown that mastication in normal dentate subjects is associated with a great variety of movement modes. The dependence of chewing patterns on the resistance of food proves that the chewing system is capable of marked variations. A complete assessment of chewing behavior therefore demands the use of both tough and soft foods. Physiologic chewing of tough food is dominated by angulated grinding-type movements, whereas soft consistencies are chewed with drop-shaped or lenticular patterns. In a random sample of patients with good chewing function, approximately 95% of Angle class I and II occlusions were found, which statistically differed neither in chewing pattern distribution nor in movement parameters. As shown in this study, certain occlusal or functional properties cannot be characterized by a single type of chewing pattern but instead by a specific distribution of patterns. As a basis for the evaluation of such investigations, a method for the classification and ordered documentation of observed movement modes is necessary. The scheme used here includes all types of chewing movements that have been presently observed. It permits the recognition of patterns and the quantitative description of their frequencies and variations. PMID- 3164395 TI - Computer-generated diagnostic correction of anterior diastemas. AB - A technique for pretreatment estimation of appearance following cosmetic change to the anterior teeth by using a computer-generated image has been described. Patients should be advised that the generated projection is an estimation. As with a diagnostic set-up, a computer-generated result can only approximate final treatment. The patient must understand that the result could vary for reasons that might include (1) restorative material, (2) functional occlusal needs, (3) gingival tissue irritability, (4) artificial versus outdoor light, and (5) the angle at which the photograph was made. As technology advances, there will undoubtedly be other applications for computer graphics. The authors have successfully estimated outcomes for prosthodontic, orthodontic, and orthognathic surgical treatment. If properly used, color computer estimations can be successfully integrated in a dental office as a communication tool for the dentist, patient, and laboratory technician. PMID- 3164396 TI - Determination of vertical dimension of rest: a comparative study. PMID- 3164397 TI - United States: old needs, new expectations. PMID- 3164398 TI - American Association of Public Health Dentistry: recommendations for teaching pit and fissure sealants. PMID- 3164399 TI - Development of an oral health survey: Columbus, Ohio. AB - This article describes the method used to develop and implement a local oral health survey (Columbus, Ohio) conducted in 1986. With the shift in the national dental disease pattern in the past decade, local oral health information is essential for program planning purposes. A collaborative effort by a city health department, a state health department, a dental school, and a school of public health demonstrated how this group worked harmoniously in a relatively inexpensive venture to determine the oral status of various age groups (grades 1 2, grades 6-7, age 35-44, and age 65+). This information provided part of the framework for a five-year dental plan at the Columbus Health Department. The survey design will serve as a basis for conducting a similar survey statewide. Modifications of existing oral health survey instruments are discussed. PMID- 3164400 TI - Usefulness of a local oral health survey in program development. AB - In 1986, the Columbus (Ohio) Health Department conducted an oral health survey of children in grades 1, 2, 6, and 7. The World Health Organization's Pathfinder methodology served as the basis for survey design. The survey was made possible through collaboration and sharing resources among the local and state health departments and two universities. The findings of the children's portion of the survey proved useful in program planning, marketing (including resource procurement), constituency building, and educating the dental profession and the public. The data were used to support successful grant requests that led to the implementation of a school-based dental sealant program. The local government expanded the health department's dental budget to continue the sealant program beyond the grant period. The state health department considered the survey to be a pilot for a statewide effort. PMID- 3164401 TI - AIDS and dental practice. AB - Dental health care workers (DHCWs) can provide important diagnostic, treatment, and referral services for patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS. They also have a responsibility to protect all patients in their practices, and themselves, from infectious disease transmission through the use of infection control. To determine the extent to which DHCWs are prepared to assume these responsibilities, a randomized survey of California DHCWs was conducted. Responses were obtained from 297 dentists, 128 hygienists, and 177 dental assistants. DHCWs who expressed a greater willingness to treat people with AIDS or HIV infection also practiced more thorough infection control. Respondents in all groups who perceived a greater percent of their patients to be at risk for AIDS were more likely to use infection control procedures (P less than .0001). They also were more willing to treat such patients (P less than .004) and were more likely to assess patients for AIDS by taking a thorough medical history (P less than .02) and sexual history (P less than .04). Since attitudes toward AIDS and perception of the percent of patients at risk in one's practice affect patient assessment and infection control procedures used by dental health care workers, educational programs designed to enhance DHCWs' response to the HIV epidemic should alert them to the extent of the problem and help them cope with their concerns. PMID- 3164402 TI - Future elementary schoolteachers' knowledge and opinions about oral health and community programs. AB - Dental public health practitioners can play a critical role in assuring that elementary schoolteachers have current, scientifically accurate oral health information upon which to base decisions on behalf of the children they teach. Teachers traditionally have educated children about oral health and often participate in school-based prevention programs. This project examined the knowledge and opinions about oral health and community programs, and the perceived future roles and responsibilities in school-based preventive oral health programs, of 313 elementary education majors enrolled at the University of Minnesota. Descriptive results indicate that these future teachers were ill informed and held inconsistent opinions about basic concepts and information related to oral health and oral health promotion. Findings suggest the need for greater public health efforts directed toward improving oral health knowledge and opinions of this influential population about effective community oral health programs. PMID- 3164403 TI - Dental care; expectations and responses. PMID- 3164404 TI - Seventh annual Dunning Memorial Symposium. PMID- 3164405 TI - Societal expectations for oral health: response of the dental care system. PMID- 3164406 TI - Societal expectations for oral health: response of the dental care system in Africa. PMID- 3164407 TI - Cuba and Nicaragua: socialized political systems may not share a common approach to dental care. PMID- 3164408 TI - Expectations for oral health in Great Britain and the response of the dental care system. PMID- 3164409 TI - Gemfibrozil in the treatment of resistant familial hypercholesterolaemia and type III hyperlipoproteinaemia. AB - The efficacy of gemfibrozil in the treatment of resistant familial hypercholesterolaemia and type III hyperlipoproteinaemia was evaluated in 26 individuals over a mean period of 16 months. In the untreated state both disorders are associated with a high frequency of coronary heart disease. In the former, gemfibrozil with a bile acid sequestrant reduced plasma cholesterol by 32%, an incremental decrease of 17% compared with sequestrant therapy alone. In type III, plasma cholesterol was reduced by 40% and plasma triglyceride by 70%, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased by 45%. In none of the patients studied did clinical or biochemical side effects occur. PMID- 3164410 TI - Synthesis and antineoplastic activity of 5-aryl-2,3-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazole 6,7-dimethanol 6,7-bis(isopropylcarbamates). AB - A series of 1-thia analogues of the pyrrolizine bis(carbamate) 9 (NSC-278214), namely 5-aryl-2,3-dihydropyrrolo-[2,1-b]thiazole-6,7-dimethanol 6,7 bis(isopropylcarbamates) (7a-d), were prepared by multistep syntheses from the proline analogue thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid. The compounds were tested for growth inhibitory activity with the HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line. Three of the compounds had antileukemic activity equal to that of 9, while a 4 chlorophenyl analogue was approximately 75% more potent. A simple aromatic derivative, 1,2-benzenedimethanol 1,2-bis(isopropylcarbamate) (8), had no activity in this system. Antitumor activity was also tested in a colony formation assay with HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. Compounds 7a-d reduced relative cell survival by over 3 logs at a concentration of 300 microM (2-h exposure), while a comparable inhibition was observed with 150 microM 9. Hence compounds 7a d retain significant antineoplastic activity. PMID- 3164412 TI - [Timing for treatment of mesiodens in relation to the development of incisors]. PMID- 3164411 TI - Exclusion of calcitonin as a candidate gene for the basic defect in a family with autosomal dominant supravalvular aortic stenosis. AB - Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) may occur as an isolated autosomal dominant trait or as a feature of Williams syndrome. It has been suggested that a defect in calcitonin function may play a role in Williams syndrome. We have excluded calcitonin as a candidate gene for SVAS using a gene specific probe. PMID- 3164413 TI - [A study of multiple factors related to Enterobius infection among pre schoolchildren]. PMID- 3164414 TI - [Brain stem auditory evoked potentials in brain stem dysfunction]. PMID- 3164416 TI - [A case of acute eosinophilo-myelomonocytic leukemia with peripheral basophilia]. PMID- 3164415 TI - [Clinical staging and diagnosis of malignant lymphoma]. AB - Clinical staging of malignant lymphoma, especially that of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, should be made according to the organ of its origin and the histologic type, taking the natural course of each tumor type into consideration. This is only possible if a universal system of histopathological classification is present, such a classification is unlikely to be established in the near future. Under these circumstances, the Ann Arbor classification for Hodgkin's disease must be applied for the time being to clinical evaluation of lymphoma. Remarkable improvements have been made in the diagnostic modalities, but conventional procedure such as biopsy, lymphography, plain chest X-ray, and gastro-intestinal fluoroscopy still remain important in the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. PMID- 3164417 TI - [Translocation t (7; 11) (p15; p15) in acute myelomonocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3164418 TI - [Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with inv (16) (p13q22) relapsed in central nervous system with an orbital tumor]. PMID- 3164420 TI - [Acute leukemia subsequent to sideroblastic anemia: response to low dose cytosine arabinoside]. PMID- 3164419 TI - [Chronic myelogenous leukemia with megakaryocytic transformation presenting cranial nerve palsy: a case report]. PMID- 3164422 TI - [Clinical experience of 19 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)]. PMID- 3164421 TI - [Results of treatment and analysis of remission induction failures in acute promyelocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3164424 TI - [Primary myelofibrosis showing megakaryoblastic crisis: a case report]. PMID- 3164423 TI - [A case of atypical myeloproliferative disorder transformed to acute myeloid leukemia with monosomy 7]. PMID- 3164425 TI - [A case of ALL with massively enlarged kidneys and complicated with tumor lytic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and pancreatitis while remission induction]. PMID- 3164426 TI - [Scintigraphy of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 3164427 TI - [Circadian rhythm of prostaglandin system in rat stomach]. PMID- 3164428 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of IRMA for serum pancreatic oncofetal antigen (POA)]. PMID- 3164429 TI - [Experimental study of truncal vagotomy for healing of highly located gastric ulcer]. AB - In order to investigate whether truncal vagotomy effects on the wound-healing of highly located gastric ulcer or not, the ratio of epithelialization of ulcer, gastric acidity, mucosal blood flow, mucosal PGE2 and labelling index of mucosa after vagotomy were studied by using the mongrel dogs which were prepared highly located penetrated gastric ulcer. Following results were obtained. 1. The ratio of epithelialization of vagotomized dogs at the third week after preparing ulcer showed significant high ratio compared with non-vagotomized dogs. Comparing thoracic truncal vagotomy with abdominal truncal vagotomy, the former was more effective than the latter. 2. Mucosal blood flow and gastric acidity were reduced after vagotomy. 3. Mucosal PGE2 decreased at the first week after vagotomy, however, reduced PGE2 recovered up-to the level with non-vagotomized dogs at the second week after thoracic truncal vagotomy and at the third week after abdominal truncal vagotomy, respectively. 4. Labelling indexes showed significant high counts after vagotomy compared with non-vagotomy. In conclusion, it was suggested that truncal vagotomy would be effective on the wound-healing of ulcer due to the reduction of acid out-put and only a transient decrease of PGE2, however, mucosal blood flow decreased after vagotomy. PMID- 3164430 TI - CA 19-9, CA 50 and elastase 1 as additional markers of cystic fibrosis. AB - Since reliable diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) is still difficult, the occurrence of serum markers CA 19-9, CA 50 and elastase 1 was analysed. Serum levels of CA 19-9, CA 50, CA 125 and elastase 1 were estimated in 54 CF patients as well as in a control group of 66 children of similar age suffering from various other diseases and in 57 parents of CF patients. In 67% of CF patients CA 19-9 was higher than 37 U/ml, whereas 8% of the control group and only 2% of the parents showed an increased concentration. In the case of CA 50, 65% of the CF group, 21% of the control and none of the parents exhibited concentrations higher than 17 U/ml. In CF 22% showed decreased, 8% increased elastase 1 values. In the control group 2% had less than 80 ng/dl and 3% had higher elastase 1 levels than 400 ng/dl. In parents there were only increased levels in 4%. Accordingly CA 19-9 has been proven as a suitable marker and its sensitivity can be improved from 67% to 86% by additional testing of CA 50 and elastase 1. With regard to CA 125 in 11% of CF patients, 5% of control persons and 5% of parents CA 125 levels ranged above 35 U/ml. The determination of saliva CA 19-9 and CA 125 does not yield further information. Taking all previous findings into account elastase 1 is a better marker for acute pancreatitis than for pancreatic cancer and CF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3164431 TI - Quantitative assessment of endogenous testicular and adrenal sex steroids and of steroid metabolizing enzymes in untreated human prostatic cancerous tissue. AB - Total tissue content and subcellular distribution of DHEA sulfate, DHEA, androst 5-ene-3 beta,17 beta-diol, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, testosterone, 5 alpha-DHT, and 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol as well as the activities of steroid sulfate-sulfatase, 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 5 alpha-reductase, 3 alpha/beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase were quantified in 12 untreated primary tumors of prostatic cancer. Samples were obtained by radical prostatectomy and serial sections, and were alternately used for either biochemical or morphological evaluation. The results were compared with values determined in benign parts of the same prostates. Qualitatively, all enzymes and steroids found in the benign tissues could also be demonstrated in the cancers. Steroid patterns showed individual quantitative variation but no general differences between the carcinomas and the benign tissues. Enzymes showed a tendency to lower activities in the cancers, particularly when expressed per DNA. Substantial diminutions of creatine kinase and 5 alpha-reductase activity, the latter being often accompanied by an increased testosterone/DHT ratio, were the most striking differences seen in most of the cases between malignant and nonmalignant tissues. Some interesting individual parallels of morphological and biochemical aspects were seen, but there was no obvious general parallelism between the histological picture and endocrinological characteristics. PMID- 3164432 TI - Antagonistic action of RU38486 on the activity of transforming growth factor-beta in fibroblasts and lymphoma cells. AB - Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional protein involved in the control of proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. The anchorage-independent growth of some established lines of untransformed fibroblasts in soft agar is induced by TGF-beta and requires in addition exogenous EGF for certain target cells, notably rat NRK-49 cells. The formation of colonies of NRK-49F cells is completely inhibited by the synthetic 11-beta substituted nor-steroid RU38486 added at a final concentration of 1.3 X 10(-5) M. We also explored the effect of TGF-beta on Daudi and Raji lymphoma cells by measuring the production of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) early antigens (EA). In Daudi cells an induction capacity giving rise to 10-16% positive EA cells was observed; in Raji cells the induction only reached between 6 and 8%. The induction was partially inhibited by the anti-steroid RU38486 in both systems. Thus, RU38486 not only antagonizes the glucocorticoid hormone action but also interferes with the effects of TGF-beta in fibroblasts and in lymphoma cells. The molecular basis of the interactions observed was investigated by considering (1) the binding to specific receptors, (2) transfection experiments, in order to examine if the interference of the anti-steroid with TGF-beta activities occurs at the transcriptional level as in the case of glucocorticoid induction. The results suggest that the blocking by antiglucocorticoids of the effects of TGF-beta and glucocorticoids, in fibroblasts and lymphoma cells, occurs by different mechanisms. PMID- 3164433 TI - Ontogenesis and regulation of steroid sulfatase activity in Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules in the Long-Evans rat. AB - Steroid sulfatase (STS) activity was studied in Long-Evans rat testis. The affinity of the enzyme was shown to increase during postnatal development and to be always higher in purified Leydig cells than in seminiferous tubules. STS activity appeared to be higher in the seminiferous tubules at the earlier stages. In vivo injection of 100 IU hCG resulted in a decrease in the affinity and an increase in the activity of the enzyme expressed in Leydig cells with no such modification in seminiferous tubules. This suggests that STS could play a regulatory role in testosterone production by Leydig cells. PMID- 3164434 TI - Direct regulating effects of transforming growth factor beta on the Leydig cell steroidogenesis in primary culture. AB - The effect of transforming growth factor beta on testicular steroidogenesis was studied by using a model of immature porcine Leydig cells cultured in a chemically defined medium. Leydig cells were cultured in the presence of human or porcine purified TGF beta and the following parameters were measured: cell proliferation, LH/hCG binding, and hCG-stimulated steroid hormone productions (DHEA, DHEAS and testosterone). Whereas TGF beta from the two sources had no effect on Leydig cell multiplication, it markedly inhibited LH/hCG-stimulated DHEA and DHEAS in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The maximal inhibitory effect of this peptide on LH/hCG binding (65% decrease), hCG-stimulated DHEA (77% decrease) and DHEAS (92% decrease) productions was observed with 2 ng/ml for 48 h of treatment. In contrast, TGF beta exerted a biphasic effect on hCG-stimulated testosterone production: stimulating (110% increase) until 2 ng/ml and inhibiting (35% decrease) for higher concentrations. [125I]TGF beta was cross-linked to Leydig cells using disuccinimidyl suberate; cells affinity labelled with [125I]TGF beta exhibit a major labelled band of approx 280 kDa, which has the properties expected from a TGF beta receptor. These data demonstrate that TGF beta is a direct potent regulator of Leydig cell steroidogenic function and its effects are probably mediated via a specific receptor. PMID- 3164435 TI - Mechanisms of glucocorticoid function in human leukemic cells: analysis of receptor gene mutants of the activation-labile type using the covalent affinity ligand dexamethasone mesylate. AB - In the cultured acute lymphoblastic leukemic (ALL) cell line, clones of sensitive cells are killed by receptor-occupying concentrations of glucocorticoids. In addition, several types of resistance have been identified. The types of resistance are r- (glucocorticoid binding site loss), ract/l (activation labile receptors) and r+ly- (defective lysis mechanism). The two types of receptor mutants have been examined for the presence and expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene. Southern blot analysis, using a full-length cDNA probe for human GR, shows that the gene in both is grossly intact. Examination of the expression of the gene by Northern blots reveals the presence of normal, 7-kb message in both types of receptor mutants, though in amounts somewhat reduced from wild-type. This report focuses on the activation labile mutants. Since characterization of these mutants suggests that they can bind ligand but not retain it during activation, we hypothesized that they would respond normally to a ligand that could not be lost during activation. This seems to be the case. When the covalent affinity ligand dexamethasone mesylate, itself a partial glucocorticoid agonist/antagonist, is used, the ract/l cells are killed to an extent corresponding to that evoked by a sub-optimal concentration of the full agonist dexamethasone. We conclude: (1) that the ract/l receptors can function to kill cells if provided a ligand that they do not lose during activation; (2) that the partial agonist activity of dexamethasone mesylate for cell killing is not due to release of a small amount of free dexamethasone; (3) that the poor agonist activity of dexamethasone mesylate receptor complexes suggests that the role of steroid is strictly to participate in conversion of the receptor to its DNA binding form, after which presence of the steroid actually interferes with proper receptor action. PMID- 3164436 TI - A clinical prospective study of peritonsillar abscess in children. AB - Distinguishing peritonsillar abscess from cellulitis is an important clinical problem, particularly in children, who may require a general anesthetic for drainage of these abscesses. In order to identify those clinical factors most significant for peritonsillar abscess, we did a prospective study of 21 patients who presented with sore throat, fever, trismus, and tonsillar bulge; all symptoms that are consistent with the diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess. On admission, the following parameters were recorded: patient age, duration of sore throat, fever, white blood cell count, drooling, the degree of trismus (measured exactly as incisor-incisor distance), the degree of pharyngotonsillar bulge, and change in voice. After 24 to 48 hours of parenteral antibiotics, 12 patients (57%) had improved sufficiently and were continued on antibiotics until resolution (cellulitis group). Nine patients (43%) had no improvement and underwent surgery for drainage of the peritonsillar abscess (abscess group). At the end of the 18 month study period, the cellulitis and abscess groups were compared. On admission, no significant difference was found in age, duration of sore throat, fever, or white blood cell count. The pharyngotonsillar bulge was mild in 58% and moderate in 42% of the cellulitis group, while in the abscess group, the pharyngotonsillar bulge was mild in only 33% and moderate in 67%. After 24 to 48 hours of parenteral antibiotics, all patients in the cellulitis group had improvement of at least one symptom; whereas, all patients in the abscess group had no change or worsening of at least one symptom, including trismus, dysphagia, voice change, drooling, or pharyngotonsillar bulge. On admission, the precise measurement of trismus was not significantly different in the two groups (24.7 mm in cellulitis group vs. 22.5 mm in abscess group). However, after 24 hours of antibiotics, trismus averaged 7 mm more in the abscess group versus the cellulitis group (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3164437 TI - Influence of enkephalinase inhibitors on gastric emptying in mice depends on the nature of the meal. AB - The effects of two enkephalinase inhibitors (thiorphan and acetorphan) and DALAMIDE on gastric emptying of fat or non-fat meals were evaluated in mice. When administered intraperitonally at low doses (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) 30 min prior to a fatty (milk) meal, both thiorphan and acetorphan increased significantly (P less than 0.01) gastric emptying; these effects were maximal for 0.2 and 0.1 mg/kg respectively and decreased progressively to be not significant for doses higher than 5 mg/kg for thiorphan and 0.5 mg/kg for acetorphan. Similarly DALAMIDE given IP increased significantly (P less than 0.05) gastric emptying at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg while a slowing of gastric emptying was obtained for 10 times higher doses. The effects of thiorphan (0.2 mg/kg) and DALAMIDE (0.5 mg/kg) were blocked by previous administration of naloxone (0.3 mg/kg) and methyl-naloxone (0.5 mg/kg) while only naloxone (0.3 mg/kg) blocked the slowing effect of high dose of DALAMIDE. Administered prior to a non-fat meal, thiorphan (1 mg/kg) stimulated gastric emptying and inhibited it at higher dosage (10 mg/kg). Neither acetorphan nor DALAMIDE at similar dosages affected the gastric emptying of a non-fat meal and the effects of thiorphan (1 and 0.1 mg/kg) were not blocked by naloxone (0.3 mg/kg). It is concluded that enkephalinase inhibitors (thiorphan and acetorphan) administered systemically stimulate the gastric emptying of a fat meal by increasing enkephalin levels in peripheral tissues, while thiorphan exhibits non opiate effects on gastric emptying of a non-fat meal. PMID- 3164439 TI - [Electrophysiological study of a family of subjects presenting primary hypertrophic neuritis]. AB - Primary hypertrophic neuritis (hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy types I and III) can easily be characterized in affected families by nerve conduction measurement. Such a study is reported in a family with two affected subjects from two successive generations, a man and one of his daughters (type I). Nerve conduction velocities (NCV) were dramatically low (down to 10 m/sec) in three other subjects from the second generation without any obvious clinical symptom. These cases show again the lack of correlation between electrophysiological data and clinical features in these affections. They emphasize the usefulness of electrophysiological diagnosis among subjects without any obvious clinical sign. PMID- 3164438 TI - Hyperammonemia in anorectic tumor-bearing rats. AB - Plasma ammonia concentrations were significantly elevated by 150% in anorectic rats bearing methylcholanthrene sarcomas. Assessment of ammonia levels in blood draining these sarcomas indicated nearly a 20-fold increase as compared with venous blood in control rats, suggesting the tumor mass as the source of this increase in ammonia. Infusing increasing concentrations of ammonium salts produced anorexia and alterations in brain amino acids in normal rats that were similar to those observed in anorectic tumor-bearing rats. Therefore, these results suggest that ammonia released by tumor tissue may be an important factor in the etiology of cancer anorexia. PMID- 3164440 TI - Decreased expression of the stress protein HSP70 is an early event in murine erythroleukemic cell differentiation. AB - Two-dimensional protein gels were used to systematically assess changes in gene expression in Friend erythroleukemia cells after exposure to inducers of differentiation. A rapid decrease in expression of the stress protein HSP70 was observed after exposure to inducers. The kinetics of this change suggest that it may be related to the cellular events that regulate the onset of differentiation. PMID- 3164442 TI - [Preventive long-term intravenous immunoglobulin infusion in children with acute lymphatic leukemia. II. Zymosan opsonization is decreased and is not increased by IgG infusions]. AB - Zymosan opsonisation was determined in sera of 38 normal individuals and 20 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). All patients underwent chemotherapy according to the CoALL 82 protocol. Intravenous gammaglobulin (ivGG) was given prophylactically to replace deficient specific antibodies. Zymosan opsonisation in normal sera ranged from 65% to 133% of a serum pool, whereas sera of children with ALL exhibited markedly decreased opsonisation ranging from 7% to 141% (of the pooled serum standard) at different times during an observation period of 20 months. No significant changes could be observed over time, neither induced by the ivGG infusion itself (short term effect) nor during the 20 months observation period (long term effect). Before ivGG therapy was initiated, a positive correlation was found between zymosan opsonisation and complement parameters (CH 50: p less than 0.01; AP 50; p less than 0.001; C3: p less than 0.05). No correlation could be noted between zymosan opsonisation and IgG concentration. Experiments with complement deficient sera clearly demonstrated the dependence of zymosan opsonisation from complement function. In contrast, sera with little or no IgG but intact complement, showed normal zymosan opsonisation. Deficient zymosan opsonisation might contribute to the immune deficiency of ALL patients. The present study suggests, that the zymosan opsonisation cannot be corrected by ivGG infusions. PMID- 3164441 TI - Recombinant type 1 transforming growth factor beta precursor produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells is glycosylated and phosphorylated. AB - Analyses of cDNA clones coding for simian type 1 transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta 1) suggest that there are three potential sites for N-linked glycosylation located in the amino terminus of the precursor region. Analysis of [3H]glucosamine-labeled serum-free supernatants from a line of Chinese hamster ovary cells which secrete high levels of recombinant TGF-beta 1 indicate that the TGF-beta 1 precursor, but not the mature form, is glycosylated. Digestion with neuraminidase resulted in a shift in migration of the two TGF-beta 1 precursor bands, which suggests that they contain sialic acid residues. Endoglycosidase H had no noticeable effect. Treatment with N-glycanase produced two faster migrating sharp bands, the largest of which had a molecular weight of 39 kilodaltons. TGF-beta 1-specific transcripts produced by SP6 polymerase programmed the synthesis of a 42-kilodalton polypeptide which, we suggest, is the unmodified protein backbone of the precursor. Labeling with 32Pi showed that the TGF-beta 1 precursor was phosphorylated in the amino portion of the molecule. PMID- 3164444 TI - Plans for altered lymphocyte release in humans. PMID- 3164445 TI - [Hereditary motor and sensory polyneuropathies]. PMID- 3164443 TI - Inactivation by nitrogen mustard of plasmids introduced into normal and Fanconi's anaemia cells. AB - An SV40-transformed Fanconi's anaemia (FA) cell line, GM6914, exhibits approximately 2.4-fold increased sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of nitrogen mustard (NM) when compared with the normal line, MRC5-V1. Host cell reactivation of NM-treated plasmid has been investigated using transient expression vectors which contain the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. In both cell types there is a similar, dose-dependent reduction in CAT expression which correlates with an increase in NM-induced DNA-interstrand crosslinking. The data are consistent with two possible mechanisms for inactivation of the plasmid. Either a single crosslink anywhere within the plasmid is sufficient to prevent transcription of the cat gene. Alternatively, inactivation may result from some other more prevalent NM-induced lesions within the cat coding sequence. PMID- 3164447 TI - [New hopes and new problems with azidothymidine in the treatment of AIDS]. PMID- 3164446 TI - [Response to antitumor agents of human transplantable glioma implanted into chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryo]. AB - In case of chemotherapy against brain tumors, it is most important to choose suitable drugs for brain tumors, since human tumors have different drug sensitivity and growth. Heretofore, the nitrosourea-induced rat glioma cell, such as C6, or immunodeficient mice were usually used for predicting the drug sensitivity of brain tumors. We took notice of Murphy's system for the chemosensitivity test, in which a human tumor is transplanted into the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of a chick embryo. By modifying the conventional Murphy's system, we studied the efficiency of this system in predicting the drug sensitivity of brain tumors. First, we compared the result of a drug sensitivity test using CAM of a chick embryo with that using nude mice. Next we studied the effect of chemotherapeutic agents against brain metastasis of a chick embryo caused by the intravenous injection of mouse B16 melanoma cells. The tumor reduction rate of the sensitivity test using a chick embryo tended to agree with that using nude mice. In the drug sensitivity test against brain metastasis, ACNU was the most effective. This result supports the result of the clinical study. In conclusion, the drug sensitivity test using a chick embryo is thought to be useful and the advantages or disadvantages of this system are discussed. PMID- 3164448 TI - A.I.D.S. update. PMID- 3164449 TI - AIDS. Oral manifestations. PMID- 3164450 TI - Orthodontic treatment--the message of history. PMID- 3164451 TI - Presidential address. PMID- 3164453 TI - Favoring gloves. PMID- 3164452 TI - Prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in children in the Kingdom of Tonga. PMID- 3164454 TI - National Senior Smile Week--Its genesis. PMID- 3164455 TI - An agenda for national Senior Smile Week. May 16-20, 1988. PMID- 3164456 TI - A training program in geriatric dentistry. PMID- 3164457 TI - The age of geriatrics. PMID- 3164458 TI - A geriatric dental outreach program at NYU. PMID- 3164460 TI - "Upgrade" your operatory. PMID- 3164459 TI - An initiation into geriatric dentistry. PMID- 3164461 TI - The use of conscious sedation and general anesthesia in dentistry. PMID- 3164462 TI - Modulation of sensitivity to mitoxantrone in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells by the antidepressant sintamil. AB - The utility of mitoxantrone (MTN) in the cytotoxic chemotherapy of human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is envisaged. In the present study we employed marginally toxic concentration of MTN and the antidepressant sintamil (SNT) as drug response modulator to evaluate the heterogeneous response to chemotherapy by CML cells and to potentiate the cytotoxicity of MTN. In vitro results from 26 different CML blood samples displayed variation in cytotoxicity of MTN (1 microgram/ml) alone alone and in the resulting synergistic inhibition of DNA biosynthesis with the combination of SNT (10 micrograms/ml). Of the 26 samples studied, 14 samples indicated synergistic, 2 additive, and 11 less than additive cytotoxic effects due to the combined treatment with MTN and SNT. The cytotoxicity induced by MTN alone and the combination with SNT was found to be irreversible. Data suggest the utility of MTN alone and in combination with SNT in the treatment of CML and warrant further studies for the evaluation in the clinics. PMID- 3164463 TI - [AIDS encephalopathy in childhood or the late sequela of central nervous system leukemia?]. AB - This case report is about an eleven year old boy with new developed symptoms of a cellular immundeficiency and a positive HIV-serology 33 months after a CNS leukemia relapse. After 18 weeks a progredient neurological symptomatology is beginning with motor, cognitive and behavioral disturbances and a brain atrophy in the CT-scan. These cerebral manifestations are explainable as an encephalopathy both through HIV and after CNS-leukemia. A SSPE has been excluded. CT, EEG, Evoked Potentials do not show differential diagnostic pathognomonic findings regarding both diseases. The CSF findings hint at a persistent virus infection compatibel with the postulated slow virus pathogenesis of the AIDS Encephalopathy. We conclude, that in this case an etiological diagnoses is only possible through histological brain examination and through demonstration of HIV or HIV-antigen in brain tissue respectively. AZT, which is reported to be effective against the cerebral AIDS-manifestations could not be applicated because of the existing pancytopenia. PMID- 3164464 TI - Immunization of children infected with HIV: a public health perspective. AB - The vast majority of HIV infected children in the United States are from inner city families where one or both parents have used intravenous drugs. The bulk of medical opinion indicates that in most cases these children, when they appear well, should receive their routine childhood immunizations. For children who are known to be antibody positive, or where it is known that a family member has HIV related immunodeficiency, IPV should be substituted for OPV. Measles vaccine should be given at 15 months when the child is manifesting no overt symptoms of immunodeficiency. In outbreak periods and in endemic areas measles vaccine should be given regardless of symptomatology. HIV antibody testing prior to the routine immunization of children at risk is not indicated for two reasons. First, the test is not a reliable indication of infection in the child, as passive maternal antibody may persist up to 15 months of age and cannot at this time be distinguished from the child's own antibody. Second, immunization with OPV and MMR have not yet been noted to cause adverse effects in HIV infected individuals and may be efficacious at least in the younger child who may be early in the course of disease and maintain some T and B cell function. PMID- 3164465 TI - Tics: transitory or chronic. PMID- 3164466 TI - Pharmacologic therapy of tics in childhood. PMID- 3164467 TI - Attention deficits and learning disabilities in children with Tourette's syndrome. PMID- 3164468 TI - Psychological interventions in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. AB - Even with the advent of successful pharmacotherapy of TS, emotional sequelae of chronicity, the public and intrusive nature of the disorder, and the potential side effects of the medications challenge the family's and the patient's capacity to successfully adjust to the disorder. Psychological intervention provides the physician with a comprehensive assessment of related problems that can affect family dynamics and social and academic adjustment, thus enhancing the ability to treat the patient successfully. Behavioral intervention may improve the patient's capacity to alter or inhibit a tic, which can lead to a reduction in medication dosage. Supportive psychotherapy in various forms can enhance adjustment, family relations, and self-esteem. PMID- 3164469 TI - Tourettism. PMID- 3164470 TI - Effect of ventilation on mechanical properties and pressure-flow relationships of immature airways. AB - Ventilation of immature airways has been shown to result in pressure-induced deformation and alteration of mechanical properties. These changes in mechanical properties may alter the effect of compressive pressures on pressure-flow relationships. To test this hypothesis, unventilated (Group I, n = 8) and ventilated (group II, n = 8; mean pressures of 8-12 cm H2O for 2 h duration) tracheal segments were excised from preterm lambs approximately 118 days gestation and mounted in a Krebs-filled chamber for determination of compliances and pressure-flow relationships. Compliance data were obtained for both the inflation loop (inflation compliance) and the collapsing loop (collapsing compliance) of the pressure-volume curve for each segment. Flow (V = 2-10 liter/min.) was introduced through the lumen of each segment at different chamber pressures (Pc = 5-30 mm Hg). Driving pressure (Pd) was recorded for each V and Pc. Airway resistance (R) was calculated as Pd/V. Group II had significantly greater (p less than 0.005) radii than Group I, suggesting ventilation-induced deformation. Group II had significantly lower (p less than 0.05) inflation compliance but significantly greater (p less than 0.05) collapsing compliance than group I. Two-factor analysis of variance demonstrated significantly greater (p less than 0.05) R in group II at each value of V and each Pc. These data may help to explain the flow limitation and gas-trapping observed in preterm infants who have been mechanically ventilated. PMID- 3164472 TI - [Intra-arterial ACNU chemotherapy of malignant glioma]. PMID- 3164471 TI - Effect of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis on the furosemide action in the loop Henle of rat kidney. AB - Inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis such as indomethacin and meclofenamate may attenuate the diuretic response to furosemide. The purpose of the present study was to clarify whether an inhibition of furosemide's action in the loop of Henle is involved in this interaction. In a first set of experiments, the effect of indomethacin and meclofenamate on the diuretic response to furosemide was re evaluated in anaesthetized rats. Single loops of Henle of rat kidneys were perfused in vivo in a second group of rats. Furosemide was added to the perfusion fluid and the effect of indomethacin (5 mg/kg i.v.) and meclofenamate (5 mg/kg i.v.) on furosemide's action in the loops was tested. In the absence of furosemide, indomethacin and meclofenamate did not significantly affect urine flow and sodium chloride excretion, or the loop's sodium and chloride reabsorption. Both prostaglandin inhibitors, however, significantly attenuated the diuretic effect of furosemide (1 mg/kg i.v.) and the inhibitory action of the diuretic, at a concentration of 10(-4) M, on the loop's sodium and chloride transport. The results identify the loop of Henle as a tubular site of interaction between furosemide and prostaglandin inhibitors. The interaction may be related to a furosemide-induced stimulation of renal prostaglandins. PMID- 3164473 TI - Lessons from the Helsinki Heart Study. Fibric acid therapy for dyslipidemia. PMID- 3164474 TI - Triglycerides. Are they important? AB - The importance of lowering plasma cholesterol is well documented, but hypertriglyceridemia should not be ignored. Effective management requires proper measurement of plasma triglyceride levels and assessment of underlying causes. Conveniently, the same principles used in management of hypercholesterolemia can be applied to hypertriglyceridemia, and patients should be counseled regarding appropriate dietary measures. If these fail, medication may be necessary. PMID- 3164475 TI - Effect of in vitro DNA methylation on beta-globin gene expression. AB - When the human beta-globin gene was methylated at every cytosine residue and was inserted into mouse fibroblasts by DNA-mediated gene transfer, the transcription of the gene was strongly inhibited. This methylation also prevented expression and induction of the gene in mouse erythroleukemia cells. By using partially methylated hybrid molecules, it was shown that methylation-sensitive negative regulatory elements are located in both the 5' and 3' ends of the beta-globin gene but not in the 90-base-pair region usually associated with promoter activity. To further investigate the role of DNA methylation in the regulation of the beta-globin gene, 50-base-pair poly(dG-dC) tracts were introduced into various sites in a mouse-human hybrid gene, and these inserts were methylated by means of the Hha I methylase. Heavy methylation of these artificially added sites had no effect on either transcription initiation or elongation, suggesting that DNA modification operates through fixed endogenous sites in the gene domain. PMID- 3164476 TI - Identification of another member of the transforming growth factor type beta gene family. AB - We report here the complete amino acid sequence of another member of the type beta transforming growth factor gene family, deduced from the nucleotide sequence of three overlapping cDNA clones. The C-terminal 112 amino acids share approximately 80% sequence identity with type beta 1 and beta 2 transforming growth factors, with many of the remaining differences being conservative substitutions. By analogy to type beta 1 and type beta 2 transforming growth factors, we predict the protein to be synthesized as a 412 amino acid precursor that undergoes proteolytic cleavage to produce the mature polypeptide. PMID- 3164477 TI - Amplified human MYC oncogenes localized to replicating submicroscopic circular DNA molecules. AB - Amplification of genes can sometimes be detected by molecular hybridization but not by cytogenetic methods, suggesting that in some cases the units of amplification may be too small to be detected by light microscopy. The experiments reported here investigate whether submicroscopic amplification units are present in early passages of the human tumor cell lines HL-60 and COLO 320. The results show that such cells do contain submicroscopic, extrachromosomal, supercoiled circular molecules harboring MYC genes. The molecules in HL-60 are approximately 250 kilobase pairs (kbp), while those in COLO 320 are 120-160 kbp. The extrachromosomal molecules in HL-60 are shown to replicate semiconservatively and approximately once in one cell cycle. We propose that these submicroscopic elements are precursors of double-minute chromosomes, the usual extrachromosomal manifestation of gene amplification, since both are structurally similar and replicate autonomously. PMID- 3164478 TI - Transforming growth factor beta stimulates collagen-matrix contraction by fibroblasts: implications for wound healing. AB - An important event during wound healing is the contraction of newly formed connective tissue (granulation tissue) by fibroblasts. The role of polypeptide growth factors in the process of wound contraction was investigated by analyzing the influence of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), platelet-derived growth factor on the ability of fibroblasts to contract a collagen matrix in an in vitro system. TGF-beta, but not the other growth factors tested, markedly enhanced the ability of BHK-21,3T3-L1, and human foreskin fibroblasts to contract collagen gels. These results suggest that TGF-beta released from platelets and inflammatory cells at sites of tissue injury stimulates fibroblasts to contract the provisional wound matrix and that this effect contributes to the ability of TGF-beta to accelerate wound healing. PMID- 3164479 TI - Contractile responses of isolated guinea-pig vas deferens to trains of electrical stimuli and influence of prostaglandin E2. AB - The contractile responses of isolated guinea-pig vas deferens to long trains of 300 stimuli (0.3 ms, 90 V) applied at a frequency of 8 Hz or 20 Hz were diphasic contractions comprising a non-adrenergic, probably ATP-mediated component (phase I) and an adrenergic component (phase II). Stimulation with short trains of 10 stimuli (1 ms, 90 V) at a frequency of 10 Hz elicited monophasic responses. The contractions evoked by either long or short trains of stimuli were due to excitation of sympathetic nerve terminals without, however, being purely adrenergic ones. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in increasing concentrations of 1 nmol/l to 100 nmol/l reduced phase I of the responses to long trains of stimuli at a frequency of 8 Hz, as well as the monophasic responses to short trains of stimuli. Both phases of the contractions evoked by long trains of stimuli at a frequency of 20 Hz were reduced by the lowest and potentiated by the highest concentrations of PGE2. The high concentration of PGE2 also potentiated phase II of the responses to long trains of stimuli at a frequency of 8 Hz and the diphasic contractions, resulting from the simultaneous application of ATP and noradrenaline. The results suggest that in guinea-pig vas deferens, PGE2 in low concentrations presynaptically inhibits the non-adrenergic components of the contractile responses to electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerve terminals, while in high concentrations postsynaptically potentiates mainly the adrenergic components of these responses. PMID- 3164480 TI - HIV antibody testing; experience in a provincial sexually transmitted diseases clinic. PMID- 3164481 TI - [Bond-friction test of telescope and conical crowns]. PMID- 3164483 TI - [Things to be considered in a study model (I)]. PMID- 3164482 TI - [Occlusal surfaces in relation to temporomandibular joint resilience--function and esthetics]. PMID- 3164485 TI - [Things to be considered in a study model (II)]. PMID- 3164484 TI - [Manipulation of an adjustable articulator (Repromat) together with a partially adjustable face-bow (Quick-mount) (I)]. PMID- 3164486 TI - [Manipulation of an adjustable articulator (Repromat) together with a partially adjustable face-bow (Quick-mount) (II)]. PMID- 3164487 TI - [Wax finishing system for rational modelling of metal-ceramic substructure]. PMID- 3164488 TI - [Manipulation of an adjustable articulator (Repormat) together with a partially adjustable face-bow (Quick-mount) (III)]. PMID- 3164489 TI - [Manipulation of a phosphate investment material]. PMID- 3164491 TI - [Chronic myeloid leukemia during the development of sarcoidosis]. AB - A patient with sarcoidosis diagnosed 13 years previously developed chronic myelocytic leukaemia concomitantly with Yersinia enterocolitica septicaemia. A search in the literature yielded 4 cases of sarcoidosis associated with myeloblastic leukaemia. There is no well-founded theory that can account for this association. PMID- 3164490 TI - [Chronic neutrophil leukemia]. PMID- 3164493 TI - Proceedings of the 15th annual meeting of the European Working Group for Cystic Fibrosis. Oslo, 17-20 June 1987. PMID- 3164492 TI - How would your patient grade your care? PMID- 3164494 TI - The current physical therapy regimens of 108 consecutive patients attending a regional cystic fibrosis unit. AB - Comprehensive assessment of patients attending the Regional Cystic Fibrosis Unit includes a detailed evaluation of their physical therapy habits and management. The following were analysed during the assessment by the physiotherapist: the frequency of patient contact with a physiotherapist, the techniques used for chest clearance, the exercise habits, the postural drainage equipment used, if any, and the frequency of respiratory cultures. The results were divided into three groups: group 1, 72 patients (66%), were first-referral patients (FR) to our cystic fibrosis unit; group 2, 26 (24%), received all their care at our unit (CFU); group 3, 10 (9%), were attending a local hospital but had had a previous assessment at our unit (PA). For all factors examined the CFU and PA patients had a more effective management than the FR patients cared for by local hospitals, with the conclusion drawn that regular contact with a physiotherapist at a cystic fibrosis unit improves the understanding, compliance, and effectiveness of the patient's treatment programme. PMID- 3164495 TI - Home intravenous antibiotic treatment in cystic fibrosis. AB - The experience of 1 year of home intravenous antibiotic treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis is reported. Ninety-two courses were given to 31 patients, aged 4-67 years (mean age, 21 years). All patients improved clinically and biochemically. The mean weight gain was significant (p less than 0.001). Blood PO2 increased significantly (p less than 0.01), and the forced expiratory volume in 1 sec in percentage of predicted values also improved significantly (p less than 0.001). The patients could attend school and work and wanted to have the same kind of home treatment at the next subclinical exacerbation. The possibility of avoiding hospitalization improved social life and made the patients feel responsible and therefore were cooperative with treatment before clinical deterioration. PMID- 3164496 TI - Sclerosing cholangitis in cystic fibrosis. AB - Four of 102 patients with cystic fibrosis with symptoms or signs suggesting sclerosing cholangitis had typical findings at endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC), indicating this syndrome. All patients had pulmonary symptoms, pancreatic insufficiency, and pathologic sweat test results. Three females (aged 15-20 years), two of whom had unspecific colitis, presented with abdominal pain, and a 25-year-old male patient was asymptomatic. Two of the patients had persistently and one patient only intermittently pathologic serum concentrations of transaminases and gamma-glutamyltransferase. The fourth patient, who only had a transient increase of standard liver function tests, showed no progress in any variable (including liver biopsy and ERC) for 3 years, indicating a benign course. Disturbances of the liver and biliary system are well known complications in cystic fibrosis. Our observations indicate that sclerosing cholangitis is another expression of biliary tract involvement in this disease. PMID- 3164498 TI - Screening for cystic fibrosis among newborns in Norway by measurement of serum/plasma trypsin-like immunoreactivity. Results of a 2 1/2-year pilot project. AB - A pilot project for neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) by measuring trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) in liquid serum or plasma samples was carried out in Norway from May 1982 to December 1984. A total of 72,320 newborns was screened. Twelve infants were recalled for sweat testing; 11 were confirmed to have CF. One infant had normal sweat sodium and chloride levels and no clinical symptoms. The incidence of CF in this study was 1:6574, and the recall rate for second blood samples was 0.6%. No false-negative cases have yet been reported. The level of TLI was affected by the use of heparin in plasma preparation, being reduced by about 20% as compared to serum levels. PMID- 3164497 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux: a primary defect in cystic fibrosis? AB - Ten infants and newborns with recently and successively diagnosed cystic fibrosis (CF) were investigated for possible gastroesophageal reflux (GER) by means of pH monitoring over a period of about 20 h. All these patients showed abnormal GER. These patients had a scattered clinical profile of either respiratory or gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations, a poor weight gain, or a combination of these under classical CF treatment. Eight patients underwent treatment with cisapride, a new, potent GI prokinetic drug. This treatment was successful, as documented by almost normal pH monitorings, performed during cisapride therapy, in seven infants. The previous clinical disturbances were evaluated on clinical follow-up study. These significantly improved during cisapride, suggesting that GER can trigger many complications in CF. Anti-reflux therapy could be an important part of the treatment of young CF patients. PMID- 3164499 TI - Ileal pH in cystic fibrosis. AB - In cystic fibrosis jejunal hyperacidity has an adverse effect on lipid digestion. It is not known whether hyperacidity extends to the ileum. We have studied pH through the whole length of the small bowel in 42 normal and 6 cystic fibrosis subjects by means of pH-sensitive radiotelemetry capsules. In cystic fibrosis subjects the time spent below pH 6.0 was significantly greater during the 1st h in the small bowel than in normal subjects. In the rest of the small bowel the pH remained above 6.0 in both groups. The recordings in the cystic fibrosis group did not show the clear distinction between ileum and colon which is seen in normal subjects. In cystic fibrosis low pH conditions are confined to the proximal small intestine. There is adequate time at optimal pH in the small bowel for dissolution of enzyme supplements and assimilation of nutrients. PMID- 3164500 TI - Status of plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids and vitamin A and E in young children with cystic fibrosis. AB - The fatty acid (FA) status in young children with cystic fibrosis (CF) was investigated. The FA composition of the plasma cholesterol esters (CE) and phospholipids (PL) and of the erythrocyte phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was estimated in 11 patients with CF and pancreatic insufficiency (median age, 3.0 years; range, 3 months to 7 years) and in 10 age matched controls. Linoleic acid values ranged widely but were not significantly reduced in the patients. However, arachidonic acid (20:4w6) and docosahexaenoic acid were decreased in all lipid classes. The ratio of dihomo-gamma-linoleic acid to arachidonic acid (20:3w6/20:4w6) was significantly increased in the patients, indicating an impairment of FA metabolism (delta 5-desaturation). Plasma retinol concentrations were normal and did not differ between the supplemented patients and controls. Plasma total tocopherols and alpha-tocopherol and their ratios to total lipids were significantly reduced in the CF patients, but all values were within the normal ranges for the pediatric age group, and no child met the criterion for vitamin E deficiency. PMID- 3164501 TI - Acute hypomagnesaemia complicating the treatment of meconium ileus equivalent in cystic fibrosis. AB - Meconium ileus equivalent (MIE) is a common and often recurrent complication in adolescent and adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). MIE is characterized by partial or complete bowel obstruction, resulting from abnormally viscid mucofaeculant material in the terminal ileum and right colon. Patients present with recurrent abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, and/or a palpable faecal mass. Conventional treatment consists of the oral and rectal administration of the mucolytic agent N-acetylcysteine, and hypertonic solutions of sodium diatrizoate. We describe the occurrence of acute decreases in plasma magnesium in all of seven patients treated with this regimen with marked hypomagnesaemia (less than 0.70 mmol/l) in four of the seven patients. No changes in plasma sodium, potassium, or calcium were observed. PMID- 3164502 TI - Effect of taurine supplementation on fat and bile acid absorption in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - Eleven children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and pancreatic insufficiency were given supplementation with taurine (30-40 mg/kg/day) for 2 months, while taking their usual dosage of enzymatic therapy. One patient dropped out of the study because she developed severe constipation. In the other 10 patients, urinary taurine excretion (88 +/- 30.1 mg/m2s.a./24 h) was similar to that of controls (86.2 +/- 6 mg/m2s.a./24 h) before taurine and increased markedly after supplementation (618.2 +/- 79.97 mg/m2s.a./24 h), indicating efficient intestinal absorption. Their coefficient of fat absorption was 81.2 +/- 2.3% and increased significantly after taurine (91.3 +/- 1.13%; p less than 0.01); the area under the curve of plasma triglyceride postprandial levels (1 +/- 0.1 mg X min/ml) also increased significantly after taurine (1.4 +/- 0.3 mg X min/ml; p less than 0.05), showing values very similar to those of controls. Conversely, no change was observed in the serum postprandial levels of glycocholic acid: the maximum postprandial peak before (1.2 +/- 0.3 mumol/l) and after taurine (1 +/- 0.1 mumol/l) remained significantly lower than in controls (2.4 +/- 0.3 mumol/l); p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001, respectively. Mean total fecal bile acid (BA) excretion was 10.24 +/- 2.15 mg/kg/day before taurine and 12.8 +/- 4.27 mg/kg/day after taurine (normal pediatric values, 2.91 +/- 1.1 mg/kg/day); however, in the individual patients we found a variable trend, four of them showing a net increase in fecal BA excretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3164503 TI - A normal fat diet for cystic fibrosis: is a dietitian still needed? AB - The dietary intakes of 90 patients receiving various degrees of dietetic support were assessed by a 7-day dietary history. Patients who had contact with a dietitian at least twice a year achieved higher energy and protein intakes than patients with little or no dietetic help. Patients who had one intensive interview with a specialist CF dietitian but had little local dietetic support attained better nutrient intakes than patients with no dietetic support. Dietary misconceptions, which led to restriction of fat and even sugar, were common when patients or parents of CF children received little dietary advice. PMID- 3164504 TI - Food intake in patients with cystic fibrosis on an ordinary diet. AB - The food intake was analysed by means of a 3-day diary in 35 patients with cystic fibrosis, aged 1-65 years. All patients were prescribed an ordinary diet, and all had normal height and weight. The reliability of the method was checked in two patients, who kept diaries twice during a 6-month period. The results were almost identical. Most patients had a satisfactory intake of calories (mean (+/- SD) 97 +/- 23%). Only in five cases was the intake of calories per kg body weight less than that recommended. Protein constituted 11-22 kcal%, the mean protein intake being 178 +/- 55% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA), most patients having much higher amount per kg body weight than that recommended. The mean fat content of the diet was 37 +/- 6 kcal% (range, 24-59). The calcium was in most cases much more than recommended owing to a high milk intake, the mean intake of calcium being 177 +/- 72% of RDA (range, 89-350). One additional patient had an extremely unbalanced diet, resulting in a caloric intake of more than 300% of RDA. This was due to supplementation with large amounts of special carbohydrate solutions (doctor's prescription), constituting 78 kcal%. Patients with cystic fibrosis on a free normal diet seem to have a satisfactory caloric intake compared with healthy individuals. The protein intake was too high, similar to what hsa been found in healthy Swedish children. The implication of this protein load in a disease with kidney and liver involvement has to be considered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3164505 TI - Borderline sweat test: criteria for cystic fibrosis diagnosis. AB - The CF diagnosis can be difficult in subjects with disease consistent symptoms and borderline values of the sweat test. This study aimed to evaluate possibly resolutory criteria. Seventy-one ill subjects with borderline sweat test values (40-70 mEq/l Cl-) aged 0.1-37.7 years (mean, 8.7; SD, 7.3) were studied and compared with 33 age-matched CF patients (Cl- over 75 mEq/l) and 25 healthy subjects. A complex CF score based on 25 variables was set: CF-specific clinical conditions, detailed analysis of sweat test (salt-free diet test included), pancreatic function, Pseudomonas infection, and others. The score ranged from 0 to a maximum of 65 and clearly distinguished the CF patients from the healthy subjects. Therefore the CF score was assumed as the best reference criterion to define the diagnosis in the borderline group: 27 of them (38%) were assigned to the CF condition and 44 (62%) to the healthy one, with a quite clear separation between the 2 subgroups. With respect to these assignments, the most discriminant variable turned out to be the sweat Cl- persisting above 40 mEq/l after 5 days of salt-free diet (mean error, 18.4%). Neither sweat Cl-/Na+ ratio nor bicarbonate duodenal output showed better discriminant power (mean error, 29% and 25%, respectively). It is concluded that in borderline situations of sweat test results a definite CF diagnosis can be achieved only by compounding many clinical and laboratory data with a preference for the sweat test after a salt-free diet period. The CF score proposal can be an effective help. PMID- 3164506 TI - Cystic fibrosis in Norway. AB - A material of 165 Norwegian patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is presented. 149 patients are still alive. The material is based on a central registry for CF with information gathered from yearly distribution of questionnaires. The mean age at diagnosis is high in Norway, even when screened infants are included. A further characteristic of the material is the striking male preponderance in the younger age groups, whereas there is no sex difference in the group of adult CF patients. Very striking is the low incidence and prevalence of chronic respiratory tract infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; the reason for this is unexplained. PMID- 3164507 TI - Interventional assessment of physical and mental health in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. AB - In spite of being an integral part of health care the subjective estimation of health status in patients with cystic fibrosis is frequently neglected. In a prospective study in 65 patients maternal, paternal, and patients' ratings were determined and correlated with objective data such as Shwachman scores and lung function tests. No statistically relevant correlations were obtained for parental physical assessment versus Shwachman and lung function data. The adolescents' own assessment of health had a significant relationship to clinical evaluation (r = 0, 42; p less than 0.05). Misjudgements, mainly in the form of overestimations, occurred with a frequency of 28.6% to 53.8%, reflecting inadequate understanding of the disease and its psychological consequences. PMID- 3164508 TI - Family planning decisions after the birth of a cystic fibrosis child. The impact of prenatal diagnosis. AB - A group of 105 randomly selected families of the Belgian CF Association was interviewed at home by a social worker to assess the impact of the birth of the CF child on further reproduction. The birth of a CF child had a major impact on further reproductive plans. In only 35% of the families that were followed up for at least 5 years did a subsequent pregnancy occur. It is important to stress, however, that for half of these the diagnosis of CF was not established at the beginning of this pregnancy. We paid specific attention to the factors influencing the decision-making concerning further pregnancies. The risk level, which was evaluated as high or even very high by most of the families, was a very important factor. The start of a new pregnancy within a given interval was also related to the kind of problems that were encountered with the CF child. It is very clear from our results that the availability of prenatal diagnosis will have a major effect on family planning. The decision to have a subsequent pregnancy will be facilitated (even stronger: when prenatal diagnosis is available, a pregnancy will be planned, and otherwise not). We also investigated the use of prenatal diagnosis in all parents who did not undergo a sterilization: 85% of these parents had the intention to use prenatal diagnosis should pregnancy occur. The intended use of prenatal diagnosis is related to the subjective interpretation of the risk level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3164509 TI - Stress reactions in children with cystic fibrosis. AB - This study was designed to investigate behavioral and/or affective manifestations of stress in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Most children with cystic fibrosis are compliant with treatment and are perceived as adapting to the stresses of their illness. Recent literature has proved this to be a misperception. The Child Depression Inventory and the Conner's Parent and Teacher Rating Scales are uncomplicated, valid tools to screen for the manifestations of stress in children and adolescents. Data generated from these tools will aid in: a) determining extent of depression and/or behavioral disorder in children with CF, b) establishing a base line for a projected study of developmental changes in reactions to stress in these children, and c) evaluating the psychotherapeutic interventions. PMID- 3164510 TI - Social-medical aspects of cystic fibrosis in Norway. I. Characterization of the material. AB - The families of 90 children with cystic fibrosis and the families of 1977 control children have answered extensive questionnaires, which are the basis for this study. In the first part of the study the two groups are compared for some important factors, to detect differences that would make further analysis of the material questionable. The two groups were commensurable concerning their economic situation, standard of housing, ages of children, and the family situation in general. The educational level of the parents in the two groups did differ, the parents of children with cystic fibrosis having less education. The parents of children with cystic fibrosis were more dissatisfied with their situation than those in the control group. These differences are probably a result of having cystic fibrosis in the family; consequently, it is concluded that the two groups can well be compared. PMID- 3164511 TI - Social-medical aspects of cystic fibrosis in Norway. II. Economy and housing situation. AB - The economic status of families with a child cystic fibrosis is compared with the situation for control families. The housing situation for the two groups is also evaluated. The study is based on questionnaires. The families with children with cystic fibrosis have a higher income than the controls, but they also have greater expenses. The increase is not only in expenses related to the treatment of cystic fibrosis but also in the general expenses related to having children, in the group of families with cystic fibrosis. The housing expenses are also greater in the families with children with cystic fibrosis; this is probably due to the fact that home treatment of cystic fibrosis adds certain demands to the quality of the housing conditions for these families. PMID- 3164512 TI - Social-medical aspects of cystic fibrosis in Norway. III. The education and occupation of mothers. AB - On the basis of questionnaires answered by the parents of 90 children with cystic fibrosis (CF) an analysis has been made of the education situation and the professional activity of the mothers of children with CF. The findings are compared with those obtained from mothers without CF children and with those of the fathers of CF children. There are striking differences between the CF mothers and the controls with regard to their possibility of having a career. Even greater differences are evident when the mothers in families with CF children are compared with the fathers in the same families. The education and professional career of the fathers of CF children are generally not influenced by having a chronically disabled child to care for, whereas the mothers to a large extent have felt compelled to give up their education or their professional career. PMID- 3164513 TI - Social-medical aspects of cystic fibrosis in Norway. IV. A comparison of the parents' and the professionals' judgement of the severity of the handicap. AB - To obtain information about their knowledge and their degree of acceptance of their child's condition, the parents of children with cystic fibrosis were asked to give a general judgement of their child's handicap. The study was based on questionnaires answered by the parents of 90 children with cystic fibrosis. One pediatrician and one social worker independently gave their judgement on the same issues. The parents judged 61% of the children as lightly handicapped, 33% as moderately, and 6% as seriously affected, while the professional judgement was 43%, 37% and 19%, respectively. The study indicates that the parents tend to judge their child's condition as less severe than the professionals. The difference of opinion is greatest in the group of seriously affected children. PMID- 3164514 TI - Investigation of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in cystic fibrosis patients. AB - Cystic fibrosis patients are a special risk group for nephrotoxic effects of amino-glycosides (AG). The traditional methods of assessing renal damage are very insensitive, and toxicity is not detected until serious functional damage is evident. The aims of the present study were to monitor early markers of nephrotoxicity in cystic fibrosis patients treated with gentamicin. Urinary excretion of beta-N-acetylglucosaminase (beta-NAG, a lysosomal enzyme) and low molecular weight proteins as identified on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were prospectively studied in cystic fibrosis outpatients and inpatients. Urinary excretions of beta-NAG and low molecular weight proteins were normal in cystic fibrosis patients not being treated with gentamicin. All patients being treated with intravenous gentamicin (average dose, 2.5 g over 9 days) showed markedly elevated urinary excretion of beta-NAG. SDS PAGE of serial urine samples from CF patients during intravenous AG therapy showed increasing excretion of low molecular weight proteins. Protein excretion profiles from control subjects showed no change over equivalent time periods. CF patients receiving nebulized AG did not show altered protein excretion. beta-NAG excretion patterns were similar to changes detected in the SDS-PAGE system. No gross nephrotoxicity developed in these patients. Blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, and plasma magnesium concentrations remained within normal limits. The pattern of protein excretion on SDS-PAGE was consistent with renal tubular rather than glomerular damage. The SDS-PAGE system provides an additional means of monitoring early subclinical nephrotoxicity of AG in CF patients. PMID- 3164515 TI - Long-term tobramycin aerosol therapy of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - Fourteen cystic fibrosis patients (aged 9 to 20 years), chronically infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), inhaled 80 mg (2 ml) tobramycin twice daily, because a significant clinical deterioration had occurred. Mean duration of aerosol therapy was 20.3 months (range, 11 to 38 months). There were no toxic side effects and no significant systemic absorption, 50 of 70 tobramycin serum levels being below the minimal detectable value of 0.1 mg/l. After 12 months of therapy there was an improvement of lung function, Po2, and weight. The frequency of intravenous therapy was reduced. Tobramycin resistance occurred in 5.8% of all PA strains after 10 to 29 months and did not represent a clinical problem. In a few patients PA was eradicated from sputum. PMID- 3164516 TI - Unsaturated B12-binding proteins in amniotic fluid of cystic fibrosis-affected foetus. AB - The authors hypothesized the possibility of quantitative or qualitative abnormalities of amniotic fluid B12-binding proteins in cystic fibrosis. Seven cystic fibrosis and 59 normal amniotic fluids sampled between 17.5 and 18.5 gestational weeks were studied by radioimmunogel filtration, radioisotope technique, and isoelectric focusing chromatography. In normal amniotic fluid there was an increase of unsaturated B12-binding capacity from 16 to 41 weeks of gestation. There was no statistically significant difference in unsaturated B12 binding capacity, molecular weights and isoelectric points of haptocorrin, transcobalamin 2, and intrinsic factor between cystic fibrosis and normal amniotic fluid. Cobalamin-binding proteins study cannot help in the antenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3164517 TI - Right ventricular contractility is preserved in patients with cystic fibrosis and pulmonary artery hypertension. AB - A combined hemodynamic and radionuclide approach was used to evaluate right ventricular contractility in 16 adolescent and adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Nine patients had normal resting pulmonary artery pressure, and seven had resting pulmonary artery hypertension (PH). Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was observed by radionuclide angiocardiography, and stroke volume index (SVI) by thermodilution techniques. By combination of these measures right ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were derived. RVEF was normal in CF patients without PH (58.9 +/- 7.2%) but was reduced in those with PH (45.4 +/- 2.3%). There was a strong inverse linear correlation between RVEF and afterload, as assessed by mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = -0.76), indicating RVEF being afterload-dependent. Right ventricular contractility, however, as assessed by right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relations was even higher in CF patients with PH, indicating preserved or even increased contractility in the face of an increased afterload stress. The acceleration time, evaluated by pulsed Doppler echocardiography, was normal in CF patients without PH (117.3 +/- 5.5 msec) and significantly reduced in those with PH (85.1 +/- 6.4 msec). Both RVEF and AT were efficient in estimating pulmonary artery pressure in these patients. PMID- 3164518 TI - Microbiologic and therapeutic aspects of Staphylococcus aureus in cystic fibrosis patients. AB - Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent (28.8%) gram-positive organism in 149 cystic fibrosis patients. Next to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus was the most persistent bacterial pathogen as well. Persistence was not correlated to the age or sex of our patients. Colonization by S. aureus was not prevented completely by oral antibiotics like cotrimoxazole or oral cephalosporins. Persisting staphylococci were less susceptible to the antibiotic substances used than strains detectable only sporadically. Increase of sputum concentrations of P. aeruginosa was observed in episodes of treatment with purely antistaphylococcal compounds. Improvement of effectiveness of antibacterial therapy may be achievable by antibiotics more active against staphylococci, active both against staphylococci and P. aeruginosa, or adequate drug combinations. PMID- 3164519 TI - [Left-sided pectobrachialgia]. AB - Left pectorobrachialgia, described here in 41 patients, is a frequent rheumatoid affection seen in general practice. It causes anterior chest pain with irradiation into the left arm, and patients often interpret it as being of coronary origin. The latter, however, is characterized by its different clinical presentation. Two forms can be distinguished: the typical form, which is an isolated entity, and the second, associated with and modified by fibromyalgia. It may coexist with angina pectoris and occur after myocardial infarction. PMID- 3164520 TI - [Mandibular rocking motion caused by the raising of the posterior teeth: anatomical and electromyographical study]. PMID- 3164521 TI - [Fluoroscopic analysis of condylar movements in clicking of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3164523 TI - [Porcelain shells. Clinical and technological tips for dental practice]. PMID- 3164522 TI - [Direct porcelain inlay. A cost-reducing method for glass ceramic reconstructions]. PMID- 3164524 TI - [Sensitivity testing]. PMID- 3164525 TI - [Maxillary sinus operation. Aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus caused by dental root filling materials]. PMID- 3164527 TI - Effects of sucralfate or mild irritants on gastric mucosal damage and prostaglandin E2 production. PMID- 3164526 TI - Estrogen binding, receptor mRNA, and biologic response in osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells. AB - High specific activity estradiol labeled with iodine-125 was used to detect approximately 200 saturable, high-affinity (dissociation constant approximately equal to 1.0 nM) nuclear binding sites in rat (ROS 17/2.8) and human (HOS TE85) clonal osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells. Of the steroids tested, only testosterone exhibited significant cross-reactivity with estrogen binding. RNA blot analysis with a complementary DNA probe to the human estrogen receptor revealed putative receptor transcripts of 6 to 6.2 kilobases in both rat and human osteosarcoma cells. Type I procollagen and transforming growth factor-beta messenger RNA levels were enhanced in cultured human osteoblast-like cells treated with 1 nM estradiol. Thus, estrogen can act directly on osteoblasts by a receptor-mediated mechanism and thereby modulate the extracellular matrix and other proteins involved in the maintenance of skeletal mineralization and remodeling. PMID- 3164528 TI - [Construction and animal experiment studies of a small-lumen microporous polyurethane vascular prosthesis]. PMID- 3164529 TI - Management of pregnancy in women with antithrombin III congenital defect: report of four cases. AB - Four pregnant women with antithrombin III congenital deficiency underwent thrombosis prophylaxis including oral anticoagulants administered from the 16 18th week to the 36-37th week of pregnancy, subcutaneous heparin before the 16 18th week and after the 36-37th week, and a single infusion of AT III concentrate in the peripartum period in order to obtain a minimal level of 0.8 U/ml of AT III functional activity. The level of circulating AT III after the concentrate infusion needs to be evaluated by functional methods, because of a consistent amount in the concentrates of inactive AT III immunoreactive material. No thrombotic or haemorrhagic complication occurred after starting prophylaxis in any woman either in any newborn. PMID- 3164530 TI - Human pharmacological studies of a defined low molecular weight heparin fraction (Fragmin) evidence for a simultaneous inhibition of factor Xa and IIa (thrombin). AB - The effect of a low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin) (20-80 U/kg) was studied in 10 healthy male volunteers after intravenous administration. Clotting abnormalities are extensive shortly after injection, lasting for 1-2 hours depending on heparin dosage. Dilute thrombin time, showing a close correlation to anti-F-Xa activity, is as sensitive as anti-F-Xa. The parallel time course of dilute thrombin time and anti-F-Xa activity clearly demonstrates that LMWH has an effect on F-IIa lasting as long as that of F-Xa. After subcutaneous administration clotting abnormalities are only slight with 40-60 U/kg, in contrast to the intravenous study. The platelet system remains unchanged. PMID- 3164531 TI - Paternity probabilities of biologic fathers and unexcluded, falsely accused men using blood group markers. AB - A frequent legal argument raised in defense of men accused of paternity, but not excluded by genetic tests, is that the probabilities of paternity of falsely accused men are similar to those of biologic fathers. This assertion was tested in a computer simulation experiment that used a database of 15,000 actual paternity cases to provide red cell and HLA phenotypes of mothers, children, and putative fathers. Tests had a combined probability of exclusion of 97.3 percent. Equal numbers of true and false fathers were generated from the data by computer to achieve a prior probability of paternity of 0.5. True fathers' phenotypes were those of unexcluded men from actual cases (Group A) or of mothers from actual cases (Group B) in which paternity was not excluded. The false father group was created by assigning the phenotypes of racially identical men who were selected at random from among cases other than their own. Probabilities of paternity were calculated for the men in each group and were classified into descriptive intervals. The frequency of men in each group was compared in each interval. The frequency distributions of probabilities of paternity for true fathers and unexcluded, falsely accused men (false fathers) were markedly dissimilar. PMID- 3164532 TI - Effect of cyclosporine A treatment on vascular reactivity of the rat thoracic aorta. PMID- 3164533 TI - Effect of cyclosporine on glomerular prostaglandin production. PMID- 3164534 TI - Prevention of acute cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity by a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. PMID- 3164535 TI - The effect of cyclosporine alone and with steroids on arachidonic acid metabolites. PMID- 3164536 TI - Cyclosporine A and acute T cell leukemia in the rat. PMID- 3164538 TI - Fibrositis in men. PMID- 3164537 TI - [Preoperative chemotherapy of locally disseminated cancer of the urinary bladder using methotrexate, vinblastine, platidiam and farmorubicin]. PMID- 3164539 TI - [Genetic approach to the study of alcoholism]. PMID- 3164540 TI - [Preserving vitality of dental pulp of retained teeth]. PMID- 3164542 TI - [Clinical radiographic investigations of treatment results after root canal over filling]. PMID- 3164541 TI - [Clinical experimental margin and occlusal surface measurements of Probond and VMK crowns]. PMID- 3164543 TI - [Comparative experimental investigations and biomechanical effects on the walls of the root canal with ultrasonic, mechanical and manual preparation]. PMID- 3164544 TI - [Results of endodontic procedures. A follow-up study]. PMID- 3164545 TI - [Toothbrushing--manual or electromechanical?]. PMID- 3164547 TI - [Intraoral pin supported registration with different rigid and spring pins as aids in direct grinding therapy]. PMID- 3164546 TI - [Practice-economical bite taking]. PMID- 3164548 TI - [Follow-up of patients with mandibular fractures using the sirognathograph]. PMID- 3164549 TI - [Therapeutic consequences of a detailed diagnosis with cast gold restorations]. PMID- 3164551 TI - [Wrinkle-free Ulite platinum foil--preparation procedure]. PMID- 3164552 TI - [Improvement of quality of dental radiography by use of a small field diameter]. PMID- 3164553 TI - Upper GI tract cancer. Research frontier and direction of progress. Lectures given at the 1987 Nordic Postgraduate Oncology Seminar. PMID- 3164550 TI - [Tisadent pin]. PMID- 3164554 TI - Liver carcinogenesis--a short review. PMID- 3164555 TI - Precursors of gastric cancer--a short review. PMID- 3164557 TI - On the activities of parathyroid hormone-like factor and transforming growth factors in extract of pancreatic cancer associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. AB - Extract of exocrine pancreatic cancer associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy was examined for biological activities of PTH-like factor and transforming growth factor (TGFA and TGFB), both of which are possible causes of hypercalcemia. The crude extract had both PTH-like and TGF activities. On Bio Gel P-60 column chromatography, PTH-like and TGFA activities were eluted at around 10 kD, whereas TGFB activity was eluted at around void fractions, 10 kD and 6 kD. Liver extract, used as a control material, exhibited only TGFB activity at around 6 kD. CM-cellulose column chromatography of 10 kD fractions resulted in a subtle distinction between PTH-like activity and TGF activities. Further fractionation of the peak with PTH-like activity on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography separated PTH-like activity distinctly from TGFB activity. TGFA activity was lost through the procedure. It was concluded that the exocrine pancreatic cancer associated with hypercalcemia produced not only PTH-like activity but also TGFA and TGFB activities. Several chromatographic analyses suggested that PTH-like activity and at least TGFB activity stem from distinct molecules and that the PTH-like factor has no significant TGFB activity intrinsically. PMID- 3164556 TI - Effects of busulfan on ovarian folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis and anti mullerian activity of rat neonates. AB - Pregnant rats were injected with busulfan on day 12 or 18 of gestation and the ovaries of 5- and 10-day-old neonates were compared with control ones in terms of 1) folliculogenesis, 2) production of estradiol-17 beta and estrone in vitro, 3) aromatase and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase (3 beta-HSD) activities, and 4) anti-mullerian hormone. Injection of busulfan on day 12 led to a reduction in the number of germ cells and follicles, delayed the maturation of antral follicles and lowered estrogen production and aromatase and 3 beta-HSD activities. Anti-mullerian activity, present in ovaries from 10-day-old controls, was also depressed in busulfan-treated rats. No obvious effects were observed when busulfan was injected on day 18. Estrogen biosynthesis could be stimulated by gonadotropins at day 10 post-partum, indicating the presence of functional receptors to LH and/or FSH. These relationships are interpreted as indicating that ovarian cells retain their capacity to respond to hormonal challenge despite the morphological impairment induced by busulfan. Other factors which possibly interfere with ovarian activity in busulfan-treated rats are discussed. PMID- 3164558 TI - Presence of urokinase-converting protease in the cultured medium of human kidney cells. PMID- 3164559 TI - Two-dimensional patterns of plasma membrane and nuclear non-histone proteins during differentiation of HL-60 cells-membrane and nuclear proteins of HL-60 cells. PMID- 3164560 TI - Clinical significance of chromosomal abnormalities in acute leukemia. PMID- 3164561 TI - Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph1(+)) childhood ALL lack bcr rearrangement at a higher frequency than adult Ph1(+) ALL. PMID- 3164562 TI - Potentiation of fibroblast spreading by extracellular matrix from fibroblasts derived from phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth. AB - Cell attachment and spreading appear when a cell, on contact with an appropriate substratum, adheres and changes its shape and accommodates to the substratum. The transition from a non-spreading to a spreading state is a prerequisite for growth. Cell-free extracellular matrix (ECM) was produced by fibroblast-like cells from normal gingiva (N-ECM) and phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth (PHT ECM). The effect of the ECM on cell attachment and spreading of human gingival fibroblasts was studied in the presence of 2% serum. Within 30 min after seeding 40% of the normal fibroblast cells showed an advanced flattening on PHT-ECM prepared dishes, compared with 10% on normal ECM-prepared dishes and 5% on uncoated plastic dishes. The results indicate that cells derived from PHT-induced gingival overgrowth produce an ECM with special properties, which could regulate cell functions such as cell attachment and spreading. PMID- 3164563 TI - Analysis of patients utilizing emergency dental care in two Finnish cities. AB - The use of emergency dental services was surveyed by interviewing patients seeking treatment during hours of organized emergency service in two large cities in Finland. It was spread rather evenly over all the days of the week. Marked differences were found between the volume of dental emergencies in the two cities. More than 60% of the patients had been in pain for 1 to 3 days and needed immediate help. One-third of the emergency visits were made by 20- to 29-year olds. No significant differences in use of the services were found between men and women, although a larger proportion of women than men claimed to visit a dentist regularly and to have a dentist of their own. Fourteen per cent had failed to get an appointment with their regular dentist. More than 40% of the patients had used the emergency services previously. These patients, more often than first-time users, visited a dentist irregularly, did not have their own dentist, and were content with the rapid service at the emergency clinic. PMID- 3164564 TI - Antimicrobial systems of human whole saliva in relation to dental caries, cariogenic bacteria, and gingival inflammation in young adults. AB - The association of salivary antibody (total IgA, IgG, and IgM and antibodies reactive with Streptococcus mutans) and non-antibody (lysozyme, lactoferrin, salivary peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, hypothiocyanite, thiocyanate) defense factors with oral health (past and present dental caries, gingival bleeding, the number of salivary S. mutans and lactobacilli) were studied in 50 naval recruits. Dental caries was significantly associated with large amounts of S. mutans, lactobacilli, and total salivary immunoglobulins and with low salivary flow rate and buffer capacity. Salivary anti-S. mutans antibodies did not correlate with dental caries or S. mutans levels. Moreover, none of the salivary non-antibody factors alone had any strong relationship to dental caries or S. mutans levels. Gingival inflammation was associated with elevated levels of lysozyme in whole saliva. It is concluded that in adults the associations between single-point measurements of most salivary antimicrobial constituents and the factors describing oral health are weak. PMID- 3164566 TI - Signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders in two groups of 19-year-old individuals, one treated orthodontically and the other not. AB - Fifty-one individuals (28 girls and 23 boys) who had received orthodontic treatment were compared as to signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders with 47 individuals (19 girls and 28 boys) without such treatment. All were 19 years old. An average of 5 years had elapsed since the termination of the treatment. The examinations enabled calculations of the anamnestic, the clinical dysfunction, and the occlusal indices of Helkimo. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups except with regard to the anamnestic index. Subjects who had not received orthodontic treatment reported most symptoms, but none were severe. In conclusion, there were no substantial differences as to signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders in these two groups of individuals. PMID- 3164567 TI - Macroscopic and radiographic examination of proximal root surface caries. AB - The purpose of the study was to compare macroscopic and radiographic examination of proximal root surface caries of extracted teeth from patients aged 65-95 years. Although the study conditions for macroscopic and radiographic diagnosis favored more sensitive evaluations than routine clinical conditions, there was a 24% disagreement in diagnosis. This finding indicates that under routine clinical conditions it is difficult to register with certainty all superficial root carious lesions. Even in the absence of clinically detectable root surface caries, preventive measures should be considered for elderly people with exposed root surfaces. PMID- 3164568 TI - Proximal renal tubular acidosis associated with glycogen storage disease, type 9. AB - A 2 1/2-year-old Japanese boy with glycogen storage disease, type 9, developed proximal renal tubular acidosis (RTA). The RTA significantly improved in response to cornstarch therapy, implying a direct causal relationship between subtle metabolic derangements in glycogen storage disease, type 9, and proximal RTA. PMID- 3164565 TI - Effects of cations on the colloidal stability of some oral bacteria. AB - The colloidal stability of seven strains of oral bacteria was studied at various concentrations of mono-, di-, and multi-valent metal counterions in the suspending media. Alterations in the concentration and the valency of the counterions were shown to influence the colloidal stability of the bacterial suspensions, as determined by their rate and time of initial sedimentation. The observations were in general in agreement with the accepted theories for colloidal stability. The results support previously made suggestions that under certain experimental conditions oral bacteria behave like colloidal particles. PMID- 3164569 TI - High-grade surface osteosarcoma of the left ilium. A case report and review of the literature. AB - A rare case of high-grade surface osteosarcoma of the left ilium is reported. Trephine biopsy performed on a 31-year-old woman suffering from a huge tumor of the left buttock revealed high-grade osteosarcoma, and hemipelvectomy was undertaken. The surgical specimen showed that the tumor was present on the surface of the left ilium. Ten months after the operation, the patient died of brain metastasis. From these results, we considered this case to be one of high grade surface osteosarcoma. PMID- 3164570 TI - Treatment of refractory Tourette syndrome with haloperidol decanoate. AB - A 23-year-old male with a history of severe Tourette syndrome refractory to treatment with oral haloperidol is reported. The Tourette symptoms remitted after treatment with haloperidol decanoate. The response has been maintained over 18 months. PMID- 3164571 TI - Rearrangement of the breakpoint cluster region in Philadelphia chromosome positive acute leukemia. AB - The rearrangement of breakpoint cluster region (ber) was examined in leukemic cells obtained from 3 patients initially diagnosed as having Ph+ acute leukemia, 2 with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and one with acute mixed leukemia. DNA was digested with Bgl II and BamH I. The ber rearrangement was present in the case of acute mixed leukemia (Case 1), but was absent in the 2 cases of ALL (Cases 2 and 3). These results suggest that Case 1 represented a type of blast crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia which was unusual in the sense of the occurrence of a myeloid-lymphoid conversion and lack of an apparent chronic phase. Cases 2 and 3 appeared to be de novo Ph+ ALL. PMID- 3164572 TI - [Chemotherapy of cancer of the mouth]. PMID- 3164573 TI - [Our experiences with Bosker's trans-mandibular implant]. PMID- 3164574 TI - [The island flap of the buccinator muscle]. PMID- 3164575 TI - An American Board of Orthodontics case report. PMID- 3164577 TI - Mandibular second molar problems. PMID- 3164576 TI - Fabrication of the acrylic splint Herbst appliance. AB - This article describes the fabrication of one type of Herbst appliance, a removable or fixed functional appliance that causes the posturing of the mandible in a forward position. The type of Herbst appliance described in this article consists of a wire framework to which are attached the various parts of the Herbst bite-jumping mechanism. The acrylic part of the appliance is fabricated from splint Biocryl or from methylmethacrylate. The steps of the fabrication of the appliance are described in detail. PMID- 3164578 TI - Mandibular cervical gear to gain or regain arch length. PMID- 3164579 TI - Unpredictability of third molar eruption. PMID- 3164580 TI - Expanding the horizons of the edgewise arch wire slot. AB - The purpose of this article is to introduce an edgewise-type bracket that permits both initial Begg tooth movement and final edgewise torque and tip control with straight arch wires. Analysis of individual tooth movements during treatment of all types of malocclusions with the Begg technique shows that all teeth tend to tip distally or toward extraction sites if present. Given this tendency, it is possible through precise removal of diagonally opposed corners of conventional edgewise slots to permit desired initial free crown tipping yet provide predetermined secondary control of root uprighting as required for each tooth. Treatment can be carried out with four straight arch wires, two 0.016 inch (0.406 mm) and two 0.020 inch (0.508 mm), in conjunction with selective applications of 2 ounce (57 g) forces. Mesiodistal root uprighting and labiolingual torque are achieved with uprighting springs and torquing auxiliaries. Special elastomeric ties and torquing flaps in conjunction with the unique brackets and round molar tubes provide the final option to capture all preangulations (tip and torque) from two full-sized, highly resilient rectangular arch wires. PMID- 3164581 TI - Stability of the mandible following advancement: a comparison of three postsurgical fixation techniques. AB - This study examines short-term stability of the mandible following mandibular advancement surgery by means of three standard techniques of postsurgical fixation. Twenty-two adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) underwent sagittal ramus advancement osteotomy of approximately 4 to 6 mm. Six animals had dental maxillomandibular fixation alone. Six animals had dental plus skeletal maxillomandibular fixation with circummandibular wires connected to pyriform aperture wires. Ten animals had rigid internal fixation with bicortical bone screws between the proximal and distal segments without maxillomandibular fixation. Radiographic cephalograms with the aid of tantalum bone markers and dental amalgams were analyzed during the first 6 postoperative weeks to evaluate skeletal and dental stability. Rigid internal fixation and the use of dental plus skeletal maxillomandibular fixation were both equally effective in the prevention of postsurgical relapse. However, in the animals in which only dental maxillomandibular fixation was used, statistically significant changes (relapse) occurred when compared with either of the other groups. PMID- 3164583 TI - Tooth size, spacing, and crowding in relation to eruption or impaction of third molars. AB - A study was conducted for the purpose of comparing mesiodistal tooth diameters, sum of tooth widths, and the degree of spacing or crowding in the dentitions of two groups of young adults. The subjects in the first group had complete dentitions including third molars (M3s). In the second group, all M3s had been extracted for failure to erupt. Tooth size and consequently the sum of mesiodistal tooth widths were found to be greater in the extraction group than in the group with complete dentitions. The relationship between tooth size and M3 impaction was most pronounced in female subjects. The sum of mesiodistal tooth widths is apparently one factor of importance in the cause of M3 impaction in women. The results suggest that tooth size in girls could be used at preadolescent age as one predictive variable for third molar eruption. The sexual dimorphism demonstrated regarding the relationship between tooth size and M3 impaction implies that studies in the field of M3 development and eruption should be performed on male and female subjects separately. The dental arches in the extraction group tended to be more crowded than in the group with complete dentitions. However, the differences were small and significant only as they related to the upper arches in males. PMID- 3164582 TI - Dental crowding and its relationship to mesiodistal crown diameters and arch dimensions. AB - An investigation was carried out to determine the correlation among cumulative mesiodistal crown widths, arch dimensions, and the degree of primary dental arch crowding. Two different ethnic groups were studied--namely, indigenous British and Pakistani immigrant groups--to determine whether similar correlations existed as part of a larger study of ethnic comparisons. Correlation matrix computation and multiple regression analysis were among the tests used. The results showed that in both ethnic groups there were very significant correlations between certain arch dimensions and the degree of crowding. There was no significant correlation between cumulative mesiodistal crown widths and dental crowding when considered in isolation. In combination with the other parameters, however, cumulative mesiodistal crown widths contributed significantly to the overall regression equation. This suggested a complex interrelationship among cumulative mesiodistal crown widths, the various arch dimensions, and primary dental crowding. PMID- 3164584 TI - The intrinsic stability of Class I molar relationship: a longitudinal study of untreated cases. AB - Attainment of a Class I molar relationship (Angle) is often a prime treatment objective. In addition to considerations of improved function and skeletodental harmonies, a Class I relationship often is deemed the "correct" and stable situation. This study assessed the relative stability of the sagittal molar relationship in orthodontically untreated persons with full dentitions who were followed longitudinally from young (approximately 20 years) to older (approximately 55 years) adulthood. The Class I relationship is indeed most stable; none of 69 cases (sides) starting in a Class I cusp-in-groove relationship moved from that condition. In contrast, Class II relationships naturally became significantly "more" Class II (that is, greater distoclusion), and Class III cases shifted significantly to greater mesioclusion. PMID- 3164585 TI - Orthodontic appliances and enamel demineralization. Part 1. Lesion development. AB - A clinical trial was conducted to investigate carious lesion development associated with fixed orthodontic therapy. Specially designed orthodontic bands for plaque accumulation were attached to premolars scheduled to be extracted as part of an orthodontic treatment. Visible white spot lesions were seen within 4 weeks in the absence of any fluoride supplementation. Both microradiographic and SEM examinations showed surface softening of the enamel surface--that is, a surface layer was not seen in the lesions. The clinical significance of the present study is that enamel demineralization associated with fixed orthodontic therapy is an extremely rapid process caused by a high and continuous cariogenic challenge in the plaque developed around brackets and underneath ill-fitting bands. Careful inspection of the appliance at every visit and preventive fluoride programs are therefore required. PMID- 3164586 TI - Orthodontics--guilty until proved innocent: how do we plead? Or what kind of orthodontics may we practice? PMID- 3164587 TI - In re: TMJ--a growing concern. PMID- 3164588 TI - Ovarian sarcoma with histologic features of telangiectatic osteosarcoma of the bone. AB - A primary osteosarcoma occurred in the left ovary of a 47-year-old Japanese woman. The preoperative diagnosis, based on computerized tomography, was cystic teratoma. The excised tumor was composed of large multilocular cysts containing blood and associated with an area of solid tissue. Histologically, the tumor was a "pure" osteosarcoma that showed prominent cellular anaplasia and blood-filled spaces lined with tumor cells. The lesion resembled a telangiectatic osteosarcoma of bone. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels reflected progression of the disease. Despite aggressive adjuvant chemotherapy, the patient died 8 months later of a local recurrence and intra-abdominal spread of the tumor. PMID- 3164589 TI - Effect of quinalphos on testicular steroidogenesis in rats. AB - The effect of quinalphos (250 micrograms/kg i.p.) an organophosphorus insecticide treatment for 13 and 26-days on the testicular steroidogenic enzymes viz. 3 beta Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase and 17 beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase, as well as cholesterol content and histology of the testes of the Wistar strain rats was studied. The time duration of 13 days is approximately equivalent to one cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in Wistar strain rats. Treatment of quinalphos for 13 days failed to produce any effect on the relative weights of the testes and accessory sex glands. However, significant inhibition of 3 beta-HSD activity and increased cholesterol level in testis were observed. The rats treated for 26 days similarly showed a highly significant inhibition of the activity of both 3 beta HSD and 17 beta-HSD. The relative weights of the testes and accessory sex glands were also significantly reduced. Histological examination of the testis revealed that quinalphos treatment produced detrimental changes in the seminiferous epithelium. Treatment with quinalphos for 13-days produced no toxic effect with the exception of a significant increase in serum alkaline phosphatase. However, after 26-days of treatment toxicity was significantly increased as reflected on serum transaminases, phosphatases and blood urea levels of rat. Present study indicated that quinalphos impairs testicular functions in rats. PMID- 3164590 TI - TMJ diagnosis and treatment in a multidisciplinary environment--a follow-up study. AB - New modalities--TMJ direct parasagittal CT and MRI scans and arthroscopic visualization and surgery--along with psychological and other health professional support, are changing the approach to clinical orthodontic practice. This report presents an update on clinical experience over a period of time, with emphasis on orthodontics, psychology, and arthroscopic surgery. PMID- 3164591 TI - Late growth changes in the craniofacial skeleton. AB - Analysis of serial radiographs shows that growth in the cranial base and in the mandible continues into the third decade. Variations in rate and timing are great, and the total increments after 18 years are usually small. PMID- 3164592 TI - Intrusion of posterior teeth with magnets. An experiment in growing baboons. AB - The dental and skeletal effects of occlusal bite blocks with and without repelling magnets are compared; while depression of buccal teeth did not occur with both types of appliance, some less favorable effects were also noted with the magnets. PMID- 3164594 TI - Cranial base and cleft lip and palate. AB - Previous studies do not agree on relationships between cleft palate and the cranial base. This study comparing normal and cleft lip-and-palate samples finds no significant difference in cranial base angle, but significantly shorter clivus length in the cleft sample. PMID- 3164593 TI - Orthodontic force application to titanium endosseous implants. AB - Endosseous implants in dogs are used successfully to apply orthodontic and orthopedic forces. Not all experimental implants remained firm enough through the initial healing period to be used for anchorage. PMID- 3164595 TI - Tracing error with Bjork's mandibular structures. AB - The tracing errors associated with the structures used in Bjork's method of mandibular superimposition are investigated using multiple tracings of fifty lateral cephalometric radiographs. The horizontal error levels were much less than the vertical, midline structures more reliable than bilateral structures, and the lower third molar tooth germ more reliable than the inferior dental canal. PMID- 3164597 TI - Flotsam, jetsam and teeth. PMID- 3164596 TI - Mandibular growth changes and maturation of cervical vertebrae--a longitudinal cephalometric study. AB - The relationship of cervical vertebral maturation and mandibular growth changes are assessed in annual lateral cephalometric radiographs of thirteen caucasian females from 9 to 15 years of age. Statistically significant increases in mandibular length, corpus length and ramus height are associated with specific maturation stages in the cervical vertebrae. PMID- 3164598 TI - [Infection by HIV and AIDS]. PMID- 3164599 TI - The effects of various transferrins on iron utilization by proliferating cells. PMID- 3164601 TI - Screening for hemochromatosis. PMID- 3164600 TI - Screening for hemochromatosis in healthy blood donors. Preliminary results. PMID- 3164602 TI - The effect of iron fortification of the diet on clinical iron overload in the general population. AB - The gene coding for idiopathic hemochromatosis is prevalent in Sweden, the country with the highest iron fortification of food (42%) in the world. We wanted to study if this highly iron-fortified diet had negative effects on the iron situation in carriers of the iron-loading genes. Iron stores averaged 6.7 grams in male homozygotes who were mainly identified through laboratory screening. It was 3.4 grams in female homozygotes. By HLA typing of family members of these homozygous probands, 39 additional homozygotes and 172 heterozygotes were detected. Serum ferritin averaged 620 micrograms/l in 20 male and 168 micrograms/l in 19 female homozygotes in the family screening. Storage iron as measured by serum ferritin concentration was slightly but significantly higher in male heterozygotes than controls (117 micrograms/l versus 87 micrograms/l, p less than 0.02). There was no further increase in serum ferritin concentration with age after 40 years. Heterozygotes showed no clinical signs of iron damage. These findings do not indicate that carriers of the iron-loading genes in Sweden have been adversely affected by the highly iron-fortified diet of the country. PMID- 3164603 TI - Sporadic porphyria cutanea tarda in individuals with HLA-linked hemochromatosis allele(s). Preliminary report. PMID- 3164605 TI - [Meningoencephalomyelitis and exophthalmos disclosing acute myeloid leukemia, M1 type]. PMID- 3164604 TI - [Experience with Rosen's T10 protocol at the Oscar Lambret Center (Lille) from 1982 to 1985. Apropos of 13 cases of non-metastatic osteosarcomas of the extremities]. PMID- 3164606 TI - [Hepatic glycogenoses. Introduction]. AB - Liver glycogenosis (GSD) are hereditary in diseases caused by deficiencies of the three major enzymatic systems involved degradation of glycogen: glucose-6 phosphatase (GSD VI). The aims of this paper are, in a first part, to summarize the biological and physiological aspects of these disorders in order to propose an update diagnostic process, and, in a second part, to point out the clinical features and the possible evolution of such patients becoming adults, according to the French experience. PMID- 3164607 TI - [Biological and physiopathological aspects of hepatic glycogenoses]. AB - Liver glycogenosis (GSD) are hereditary diseases caused by deficiencies of the three major enzymatic systems involved in glycogenolysis: glucose-6-phosphatase (GSD I), debranching enzyme (GSD III) and phosphorylase system (GSD VI). Biological and physiopathological aspects of these disorders are described. An up to date diagnostic process which includes measurement of glycogen and enzymatic activities, in the most appropriate tissue material, is proposed. PMID- 3164608 TI - [Clinical aspects of hepatic glycogenoses]. AB - Hepatic glycogenosis, heterogeneous in their type, appear in children as an hepatomegaly discovered during manifestations of hypoglycemia and/or growth disorders, sometimes in the course of a systematic physical examination. A usually late puberty determines a transient aggravation of the height insufficiency. Persistence of a marked hepatomegaly and the development of lever adenomas are characteristic of type I glycogenosis. There, the metabolic imbalance (hyperlipoproteinemia and hyperuricemia, especially), lead to severe vascular and renal complications. Haematologic and sometimes infectious disorders may be added. In type III glycogenosis, the danger depends less on the liver fibrosis, usually minimal, than on the frequently associated cardio-vascular involvement. Type VI glycogenosis, usually have a favorable course. Current therapeutic progresses and a better care should result in a marked improvement of the evolution in type I and probably type III. PMID- 3164610 TI - DNA-binding characteristics of aclarubicin as compared with daunorubicin and doxorubicin. AB - The effect of ionic strength on aclarubicin - DNA complexes was studied in comparison with its effect on daunorubicin - or doxorubicin - DNA complexes, using the spectrophotometric method. The hypochromic shift of aclarubicin, induced by its binding to native DNA, decreased to a lesser extent by the addition of Na+ than those of daunorubicin and doxorubicin, which suggests that aclarubicin-native DNA complexes are the most stable at high ionic strength. Similar examinations were made with heat-denatured DNA and polyvinyl sulfate (PVS). Aclarubicin-denatured DNA complexes showed a greater decrease in the hypochromic shift by the addition of Na+ than the corresponding complexes with native DNA. However, for daunorubicin and doxorubicin, there were no significant differences between the complexes of anthracyclines with native and denatured DNAs. In addition, the hypochromic shift of aclarubicin-PVS complexes decreased more prominently by the addition of Na+ than those of daunorubicin - and doxorubicin - PVS complexes. These results suggest that the electrostatic interaction of aclarubicin with DNA is more labile than that of daunorubicin and doxorubicin, since anthracyclines bind to single-stranded DNA and polyelectrolytes primarily by electrostatic interaction. Therefore, the other types of interaction, which may be stronger than that of daunorubicin and doxorubicin, seem to be associated with the higher stability of aclarubicin native DNA complexes at high ionic strength. The structural differences between aclarubicin and daunorubicin or doxorubicin are considered to contribute to the differences in DNA-binding characteristics observed in this study. PMID- 3164609 TI - Prevention of 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine toxicity by 4-nitrobenzyl-6 thioinosine or dipyridamole in human leukemia cell lines. AB - The ability of the nucleoside transport inhibitors, 4-nitrobenzyl-6-thioinosine (NBTI) and dipyridamole (DP) to prevent 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C) toxicity was evaluated in two human leukemia cell lines, Molt 4 and HL-60. At non toxic concentrations, DP (in Molt4 and HL-60) and NBTI (only in Molt 4) provided significant protection, whereas HL-60 was quite insensitive to NBTI. The different response of these two cell lines to NBTI and DP was also noted in the toxicity of other nucleoside analogs, including 9-beta-D arabinofuranosyladenine (Ara-A), 2'-chlorodeoxyadenosine (CdA), tubercidin and 5'-bromodeoxyuridne (BUdR). A transport study of [3H]-Ara-C revealed that NBTI partially inhibited the drug entry into HL-60 cells, which correlated well with Ara-CTP generation. PMID- 3164611 TI - Tumor markers identified by line immunoelectrophoresis. AB - Line immunoelectrophoresis was used as a screening procedure for the recognition of tumor markers using the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 as a model system. The polyspecific antiserum used was raised by immunization with tumor cells grown in RPMI medium enriched with serum from the species used for immunization in order to avoid interference from serum proteins in the immune response. Among the HL-60 antigens recognized, 4 were tumor-associated in as much as they were present only or in relatively high concentrations in the HL-60 cells. One of the antigens was identified as ferritin. Evidence is presented that the remaining potential HL-60 tumor markers are unrelated to known oncofetal antigens. It is suggested that for the recognition of tumor associated antigens the present approach may be useful as a supplement to hybridoma techniques. PMID- 3164612 TI - Preliminary estimation of chemoattractant activity of staphylococcal serine proteinase in vitro. Chemoattractant activity of staphylococcal serine proteinase. AB - Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors migrated toward the staphylococcal serine proteinase. PMID- 3164613 TI - Surface interaction of human granulocytes and lymphocytes with staphylococcal extracellular serine proteinase. AB - Enzymatic activity of purified staphylococcal extracellular serine proteinase decreases as a result of incubation with granulocytes as well as with lymphocytes taken from peripheral blood of healthy donors. However, specific proteinase binding was observed only in the case of granulocytes but not in peripheral lymphocytes. PMID- 3164614 TI - Sarcomatous change in a previously benign osteofibroma in the maxillary sinus. AB - Ossifying fibromas of the jaws are generally well-defined benign tumors, so that adequate surgical treatment is usually associated with good therapeutic results. However, there are cases--especially in younger individuals with maxillary tumors -in which recurrences are seen, often with aggressive growth and subsequent local destruction. There is no characteristic histological appearance that identifies these "recurring types." A case is presented in which a benign ossifying fibroma was extirpated from a 17-year-old man. Twenty years later a recurrent tumor was found, in which histological examination showed development of a osteosarcoma. The clinical implications of this case are discussed. PMID- 3164615 TI - [Isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase--their determination and clinical significance for orthopedics]. PMID- 3164617 TI - A new method for removal of vascular endothelium by saponin in isolated porcine coronary artery and rat aorta. AB - Saponin was used to remove endothelium in isolated porcine coronary artery strip and rat thoracic aorta ring preparations. Endothelium-dependent relaxations of precontracted vessels induced by bradykinin in porcine coronary artery, and by acetylcholine in rat aorta were completely abolished on treatment with saponin (100 micrograms/ml, 5-10 min). In the porcine vessel, contractile responses to prostaglandin F2 alpha did not change, while in the rat aorta those to norepinephrine even increased. Compared to mechanical removal of endothelium, the method used may be easily standardized, and is especially suited for small resistance vessels. PMID- 3164618 TI - Inhibition of the oxidative metabolism of theophylline in isolated rat hepatocytes by the quinolone antibiotic enoxacin and its metabolite oxoenoxacin, but not by ofloxacin. AB - Isolated rat hepatocytes obtained from Aroclor-pretreated rats were incubated with theophylline in the presence or absence of the quinolone antibiotics enoxacin, its metabolite oxoenoxacin, or ofloxacin. The hepatocytes converted theophylline by cytochrome P-450 activity mainly to two metabolites: 1,3 dimethyluric acid and 3-methylxanthine. Enoxacin inhibited the formation of 1,3 dimethyluric acid by 67% at 1.0 mM. Oxoenoxacin or ofloxacin had no inhibitory effect. The oxidation of theophylline to 3-methylxanthine was not inhibited by any of the three compounds. The quinolones had no effect on cell viability. These results show that the inhibition by enoxacin is not due to the formation of its oxoenoxacin metabolite. PMID- 3164616 TI - The vanadium- and molybdenum-containing nitrogenases of Azotobacter chroococcum. Comparison of mid-point potentials and kinetics of reduction by sodium dithionite of the iron proteins with bound magnesium adenosine 5'-diphosphate. AB - The mid-point potentials of the Fe protein components (Ac2 and Ac2* respectively) of the Mo nitrogenase and V nitrogenase from Azotobacter chroococcum were determined in the presence of MgADP to be -450 mV (NHE) [Ac2(MgADP)2 Ac2*ox.(MgADP)2 couple] and -463 mV (NHE) [Ac2* (MgADP)2-Ac2*ox.(ADP)2 couple] at 23 degrees C at pH 7.2. These values are consistent with a flavodoxin characterized by Deistung & Thorneley [(1986) Biochem. J. 239, 69-75] with Em = 522 mV (NHE) being an effective electron donor to both the Mo nitrogenase and the V nitrogenase in vivo. Ac2*ox.(MgADP)2 and Ac2*ox.(MgADP)2 were reduced by SO2.- (formed by the predissociation of dithionite ion, S2O4(2-)) at similar rates, k = 4.7 X 10(6) +/- 0.5 X 10(6) M-1.s-1 and 3.2 X 10(6) +/- 0.2 X 10(6) M-1.s-1 respectively, indicating structural homology at the electron-transfer site associated with the [4Fe-4S] centre in these proteins. PMID- 3164620 TI - President's address to the General Dental Council. PMID- 3164621 TI - 'Amelogenesis imperfecta: autosomal dominant hypomaturation-hypoplasia type with taurodontism'. PMID- 3164619 TI - [Dejerine-Sottas disease (hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type III)- clinical features and the findings of nerve pathology]. PMID- 3164622 TI - 'Ceramics in clinical dentistry'. PMID- 3164623 TI - 'They see you as a mouth'. PMID- 3164624 TI - Report of the Dental Review Working Party. PMID- 3164625 TI - Traumatised incisors treated by vital pulpotomy: a retrospective study. PMID- 3164627 TI - Oral surgery specialisation in general practice. PMID- 3164626 TI - Migration of unerupted mandibular premolars. PMID- 3164628 TI - Permanent health insurance. PMID- 3164629 TI - Orthodontic case history project. PMID- 3164631 TI - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase positive acute myeloid leukaemia: an association with immature myeloblastic leukaemia. AB - The morphology, membrane markers and ultrastructural cytochemistry of 39 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with variable proportion (10-99%) of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) positive blasts was compared with that of 134 cases of TdT negative AML. The incidence of TdT positive AML was 22.5% and this was significantly higher in poorly differentiated myeloblastic (M0 and M1) types (54%) than in all other FAB subtypes (10%; P less than 0.001). Our findings suggest heterogeneity among TdT positive cases. Whilst the majority correspond to genuine TdT positive AML in which evidence for exclusive myeloid nature was demonstrated by phenotypic, cytochemical and ultrastructural markers, a distinct minority (22%) of cases had mixtures of lymphoid and myeloid blasts. A change in phenotype occurred in three out of six cases studied in relapse. There was no difference in the incidence of immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangement between TdT positive (two out of 12) and TdT negative (one out of 11) cases, although published data suggests that Ig gene rearrangement is significantly more common in TdT positive cases. The determination of TdT in AML allows the identification of cases of mixed acute leukaemia which probably represent proliferations of multipotent progenitor cells. The majority of TdT positive cases, nevertheless, correspond to immature types of myeloblastic leukaemia which may constitute a clinically distinct subgroup. PMID- 3164630 TI - Moderate antiproliferative effect of the antifolate CB3717 in the BN myeloid leukaemia model. PMID- 3164633 TI - Do members of Li-Fraumeni families always carry an HLA antigen Cw3 together with unexplained high transcortin levels. PMID- 3164632 TI - More familial leukaemia in ALL patients with both unexplained high transcortin levels and an HLA antigen Cw3. AB - In a group of 74 adult ALL patients 25 had a transcortin level greater than or equal to 3 SD above the normal mean, 15 expressed an HLA-Cw3 antigen and 11 combined both characteristics. In this subgroup of 11 ALL patients, five had familial leukaemia, i.e. at least one relative with acute leukaemia or lymphoma. On the other hand, only three examples of familial leukaemia were found in a series of 59 ALL patients with one or none of these two characteristics (relative risk: 15.6; P less than 0.001). PMID- 3164634 TI - Prostaglandin D2 reduces intraocular pressure. AB - When PGD2 was topically applied to the rabbit eye a reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) was observed within 30 min. The IOP reduction lasted throughout the observation period of 7 hours. No increase of IOP was observed during the period. The effect of PGD2 was dose-dependent (0.4 microgram to 250 micrograms), and the minimum effective dose was estimated to be 2.0 micrograms. The application of PGD2 did not affect the pupil diameter. No sign of inflammatory response was observed by PGD2 application, that is, no hyperaemia, no flare, no irritation, and no increase of protein content in the aqueous humour. These results suggest that PGD2 or its analogues may be useful for treating glaucoma. PMID- 3164635 TI - Acquired homozygosity of the rearranged bcr allele during the acute leukemic phase of a patient with Ph-negative chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - A 45-year-old male patient with Ph-negative chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) had rearranged bcr-3' and bcr-5' gene regions in Southern blot studies when leukemia was diagnosed. During development of terminal blast crisis, successive blood samples showed a progressive decrease in the amount of germline bcr DNA and its complete loss by full blast crisis. There were also increased amounts of rearranged bcr DNA consistent with acquired homozygosity. A similar result was obtained with an IgV lambda probe and indicated homozygosity of a significant part of chromosome 22. The bcr-abl gene complex behaves as a somatic dominant in CML, and we suggest that its acquired homozygosity is a mechanism of bcr-abl amplification similar to duplication of the Ph chromosome commonly found in the blast crisis of CML. PMID- 3164636 TI - Bivariate flow karyotyping in human Philadelphia-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia. AB - Chromosome analysis on clinical leukemia material was done by means of flow cytometry (flow karyotyping) to investigate the applicability of this technique in the detection of leukemia-associated abnormalities. Flow karyotyping was performed on blood or bone marrow samples from eight patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) after a culture period of four days and arresting the cells in metaphase during the last 16 hours. Discontinuous density gradient centrifugation proved to be essential in removing debris and dead cells from the cell suspensions. By this procedure the mitotic index increase ranged from 2 to 80 times initial values. Chromosomes were isolated and stained with two base pair specific fluorochromes, ie, chromomycin A3 and Hoechst 33258, and run through a specially designed dual-laser beam flow cytometer. Generally, 20,000 chromosomes or more were measured. The data were computer stored in list mode. Besides the clear detection of the specific Philadelphia chromosome, trisomies and other additional chromosomal aberrations [like an i(17q)] were visualized. Quantitative analysis revealed the percentage of subclones containing a certain chromosomal anomaly. Conventional cytogenetic analysis confirmed these findings. In seven of eight cases, CML could be diagnosed on the basis of the presence of a Philadelphia chromosome in the flow karyogram. In one of these seven, the conventional cytogenetic analysis was unknown at that time. The remaining six all matched the standard cytogenetics. The one failure out of eight could be attributed to the specific stimulating conditions in the culture. Although it is impossible by this technique to determine the position of the breakpoint, the involved chromosomes in the translocation event could be identified. In some cases, low percentages of aberrations could not be detected. This study shows that CML can be diagnosed on the basis of flow karyotypic results. Additional chromosomal aberrations can be detected provided that changes in the amount of DNA per chromosome have occurred. Exact quantification of the composition of subclones in the case of mosaicism appear difficult. PMID- 3164637 TI - Prognostic significance of additional cytogenetic abnormalities at diagnosis of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic granulocytic leukemia. AB - Of 661 patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive, nonblastic chronic granulocytic leukemia, 58 had cytogenetic abnormalities in addition to the Ph at the time of diagnosis. Twenty patients had reduplication of the Ph in one or more metaphases. Twenty-one patients with a single Ph exhibited hyperdiploidy in one or more metaphases. Eleven patients had two or more hypodiploid metaphases as their only numerical abnormality. The remaining six patients had a variety of abnormalities. Many patients had more than one type of abnormality. Survival of patients in the different subgroups was similar, but these 58 patients had a shorter course than the 603 patients without additional cytogenetic abnormalities (P less than .02). Survival curves for the two populations did not diverge until the 2-year point, after which the annual death rate among patients with additional cytogenetic abnormalities was approximately 40% higher than that of patients without such abnormalities. The two populations had similar relative risk values according to a hazard ratio formula previously described by the International CGL Prognosis Study Group. Thus, they would have been expected to have essentially identical survival curves. We conclude that the presence of additional cytogenetic abnormalities at the time of diagnosis constitutes an independently significant prognostic feature with an unusually delayed influence on survival. PMID- 3164638 TI - Blastic phase of Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia and t(3;21) PMID- 3164639 TI - Induction to erythroid differentiation of K562 cells by 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine is inhibited by iron chelators: reversion by treatment with hemin. AB - Erythroid differentiation of human leukemic K 562 cells is inhibited by the iron chelator desferrioxamine (DF). In addition, desferrioxamine induces an increase of uptake of hemin. When hemin is added to the culture medium, the DF-mediated inhibitory effects on erythroid induction are reversed. Briefly, hemin allows hemoglobin synthesis by K 562 cells induced to erythroid differentiation by 1 beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) and treated with 12.5 micrograms/ml DF. In addition, it was found that hemin treatment leads to a reversion of inhibition of K 562 cell proliferation mediated by 50-75 micrograms/ml DF. This effect of hemin was also detected in other cultured human tumor cell lines (B-lymphoid, erythroleukemic and from breast carcinomas, melanomas and kidney carcinomas). PMID- 3164641 TI - Neonatal screening for biochemical disorders. AB - Neonatal screening for phenylketonuria and hypothyroidism is well established in most developed countries but there is no clear agreement on which other disorders, if any, should be added to screening programmes. This article describes the basic principles involved and looks at a wide range of diseases which may be considered as candidates for neonatal screening. PMID- 3164640 TI - Treatment of promyelocytic leukemia during pregnancy. A case report and review of the literature. AB - In spite of the fact that acute promyelocytic leukemia during pregnancy is rare and that there is little precedent in the literature for treatment with combined chemotherapeutic agents, the rate of success with current chemotherapeutic regimens is very encouraging. Judging from previous reports and our own experience, it is possible to give combination chemotherapy to pregnant women with AML/APL with the result that mother and infant survive, whereby the incidence of complication is within an acceptable range. No comprehensive studies on life-time teratogenic or carcinogenic effects are available at present. PMID- 3164642 TI - A population-based case-control study of childhood leukemia in Shanghai. AB - A population-based case-control interview study of 309 childhood leukemia cases and 618 healthy population control children was conducted in urban Shanghai, China. Like some studies in other countries, excess risks for both acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) were associated with intrauterine and paternal preconception diagnostic x-ray exposure, and with maternal employment in the chemical and agricultural industries during pregnancy. ANLL was linked to maternal occupational exposure to benzene during pregnancy, whereas both ALL and ANLL were significantly associated with maternal exposure to gasoline and the patient's prior use of chloramphenicol. New findings, previously unsuspected, included an association of ANLL with younger maternal age at menarche (odds ratio [OR] = 4.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3-13.9); a protective effect for long-term (greater than 1 year) use of cod liver oil containing vitamins A and D for both ALL (OR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.2-0.9) and ANLL (OR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.1-1.0); and excess risks of ANLL among children whose mothers were employed in metal refining and processing (OR = 4.6; 95% CI = 1.3-17.2) and of ALL associated with maternal occupational exposure to pesticides (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.1-11.2). No relationships were found with late maternal age, certain congenital disorders, or familial occurrence, which have been related to childhood leukemia in other studies. In contrast with other reports, an excess of leukemia, primarily ANLL, occurred among second or later born rather than firstborn children. PMID- 3164643 TI - Alterations in histone phosphorylation in HL-60 cells specific to monocytic differentiation. AB - In order to examine the role of histone phosphorylation in regulation of the pathway of HL-60 cell differentiation, cells were labelled with [32P]phosphoric acid and histones fractionated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The monocytic inducer 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was found to specifically stimulate phosphorylation of histone H2B in a concentration-dependent manner. At a concentration of 100 mM, H2B phosphorylation was stimulated 2.3-fold after 4 h. A second monocytic inducer 1,25-dihydroxy cholecalciferol (100 nM) also induced phosphorylation specifically in histone H2B. In contrast, the granulocytic inducers DMSO (1.5%) or retinoic acid (1 microM) did not increase phosphorylation in any histone species. PMID- 3164644 TI - Alteration in the behavior of a colon carcinoma cell line by extracellular matrix components. AB - It was previously demonstrated that substrata derived from well differentiated colon carcinoma cell lines induced a more benign program in a separate malignant colon cell line, MOSERsf. This study attempts to define a role for extracellular matrix components in the biological events of MOSERsf cells. Alterations in morphology, secreted carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and urokinase brought about by individual components were determined. Laminin induced similar changes to colon-derived substrata in that there was increased cell attachment and spreading, a 4-fold elevation in CEA and a 45% reduction in urokinase. Fibronectin stimulated cell attachment without altered morphology and reduced the amount of plasminogen activator. CEA values, however, remained unchanged. Growth of MOSERsf cells on all types of collagen failed to elicit any change in cell shape or CEA. However, type I/III collagen raised urokinase levels by 40%. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) induces cellular laminin and fibronectin, promotes cell attachment, and spreading, elevates CEA and diminishes urokinase. These data argue for a role for laminin and possibly fibronectin in the governing of biological events culminating in a more mature colon cell. PMID- 3164645 TI - Purification of a low molecular weight factor that induces differentiation and inhibits growth in myeloid leukemia cells. AB - A procedure is described for purifying a low molecular weight peptide that induces differentiation in mouse myeloid leukemia M1 cells. The factor comes from the conditioned medium of macrophage-like cells differentiated from mouse myeloid leukemia M1 cells. The procedure for purification includes gel filtration on Sephadex G-15, anionic exchange chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a C18 hydrophobic support, and high-performance liquid chromatography gel filtration. The molecular weight of the factor estimated from the amino acid composition was approximately 1280, which agrees well with that obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography gel filtration. The half-maximal concentration of the purified factor for inducing differentiation of M1 cells was approximately 3.2 x 10(-7) M as judged by nitroblue tetrazolium staining ability. The purified factor also inhibits the growth of human leukemia HL-60 cells. PMID- 3164647 TI - [HLA antigens in patients with acute leukemia]. PMID- 3164646 TI - Differentiation-induced ML-1 cells as targets for transformation by a chemical carcinogen. AB - The capacity for continuous proliferation (immortalization) of ML-1 human myeloblastic leukemia cells derives from their sensitivity to growth factors and their insensitivity to differentiation factors (DF) at the limiting concentrations at which these are present in the culture medium. Upon increasing the concentration of DF, or after treatment with DNA-specific anticancer agents, the cells exit the proliferation program and differentiate to monocyte/macrophage like cells (Y. Honma, C. Honma, and A. Bloch, Cancer Res., 46: 6311-6315, 1986). The study reported here shows that when ML-1 cells, induced to differentiate with DF contained in mitogen-stimulated human leukocyte-conditioned medium (CM) are treated with the carcinogen N-nitroso-N-methylurea, their differentiation program is interrupted and proliferation is resumed at a stably increased rate of growth (doubling time, 25.1 versus 31.3 h). This "step-up" transformation is brought about by only a narrow concentration range of carcinogen, acting at a restricted time interval following differentiation induction. The step-up transformed cells are more sensitive to growth factor signals and less sensitive to DF signals than are untreated ML-1 cells. When retreated with a higher concentration of DF and the same concentration of N-nitroso-N-methylurea, the transformed cells undergo a further decrease in doubling time to 21 h. Differentiation-uninduced ML-1 cells do not respond to treatment with N-nitroso-N-methylurea, indicating that differentiation-induced cells, at an early stage of the maturation process, may be the targets for the carcinogen-mediated transformation. PMID- 3164648 TI - The lower buccal sagittal appliance. PMID- 3164649 TI - Are we spreading AIDS by wearing gloves? An open letter to the profession. PMID- 3164650 TI - One man's journey through the infection control process. PMID- 3164651 TI - Comprehensive initial contact critical to lasting patient relations. PMID- 3164652 TI - ADA updates news on AIDS guidelines, legislation, gloving. PMID- 3164653 TI - AIDS abbreviations. PMID- 3164654 TI - Know what to look for going in when buying a dental practice. PMID- 3164656 TI - Studies show AIDS hard to contract. PMID- 3164655 TI - An anti-plaque chemotherapeutic update. PMID- 3164657 TI - Hygiene practice ethics. PMID- 3164659 TI - Quality dentistry. PMID- 3164658 TI - Treatment of AIDS. PMID- 3164660 TI - Anxiety in the dental office. PMID- 3164661 TI - Professionalism and ethics. PMID- 3164663 TI - Neuropathological background of oculomotor disturbances in olivopontocerebellar atrophy with special reference to slow saccade. AB - Neuropathological findings responsible for abnormal eye movements in olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) are reported. The material consists of eight sporadic cases and two hereditary cases. The sporadic cases showed impaired smooth pursuit without exception. The hereditary cases showed slow saccade (slow eye movement). Two important neuropathological findings are noted: The first is a systemic degeneration of cerebellifugal oculomotor control (cerebello-fastigio vestibulo-MLF (medial longitudinal fasiculus) and perihypoglossal nuclei) in both types. Furthermore, neuronal loss of the oculomotor nuclei (oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nuclei) was found only in the hereditary cases. The second is that the hereditary type had a combined degeneration of the zona reticulata of the substantia nigra, the superior colliculus and the pontomedullary reticular formation. A review of the literature showed that all the cases of spino cerebellar degeneration with slow saccade were hereditary OPCA, and that almost all cases had primary nigral degeneration. The neuropathological background of the oculomotor disturbances in OPCA is discussed. PMID- 3164662 TI - Circulating monoamine oxidase B and phenolsulfotransferase activities in essential hypertensive patients. AB - Circulating monoamine oxidase (MAO) and phenolsulfotransferase M and P (PST M, PST P) activities were determined in 24 untreated essential hypertensive patients and in 35 age-matched normotensive healthy controls. These enzymes are involved in the inactivation of monoamines and their metabolites. After lysis of blood, enzymatic activities were determined by radioenzymatic techniques using as substrates [14C]-beta-phenylethylamine for MAO, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol for PST M and phenol for PST P. MAO activity measured by this method is fully accounted for by platelet MAO B activity. Women presented higher MAO activity than men. Significantly lower MAO-B activities were observed in hypertensive patients, both in men and in women, when compared to normotensive controls. Circulating PST activities, of which more than 80% is platelet-derived, were similar in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. These data suggest that the intracellular serotonin inactivation processes, through MAO and PST, cannot account for the reduction of platelet 5-HT content observed in essential hypertension. PMID- 3164664 TI - Slow entry of radiogallium into restricted fluid compartments. PMID- 3164665 TI - En bloc surgery for osteogenic sarcoma: analysis and review. PMID- 3164666 TI - IDS program opens up a whole new world. PMID- 3164667 TI - Playing catch-up ... 24 months and counting. PMID- 3164668 TI - "I'm fine, let's find out how you are". PMID- 3164669 TI - PACS. The punch behind politics. PMID- 3164670 TI - In vitro antibacterial activity of imipenem in combination with newer quinolone derivatives. AB - The antibacterial activity of imipenem combined with norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, or ofloxacin against 43 gram-positive cocci and 53 aerobic gram-negative rods compared to results obtained with the combination of imipenem with amikacin. Synergistic antibacterial action (defined as FIC index less than or equal to 0.5) was found for 28% of strains with imipenem/amikacin and imipenem/norfloxacin, in 23% with imipenem/ofloxacin, and in 18% with imipenem/ciprofloxacin. Antagonistic activity (FIC index greater than 1.0) was found in 21, 21, 32, and 23% respectively. These rates were not statistically different for gram-positive and gram-negative isolates. Antagonistic activity seemed to occur more frequently with Pseudomonas spp. and enterococci than with staphylococci or Enterobacteriaceae. A tendency for increased rates of antagonism was noted in strains with higher MIC values. Clinically significant and meaningful positive interactions (defined as a decrease of imipenem MICs to below 2.0 micrograms/ml) were found with imipenem/amikacin against several Pseudomonas spp., with imipenem/ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin against Streptococcus faecium and with all combinations against Proteus spp. We conclude that continuous treatment with newer quinolone derivatives for selective decontamination in neutropenic patients receiving imipenem antibacterial therapy for treatment of infection should not be regarded as effective combination therapy. PMID- 3164671 TI - High concentrations of antibiotic obtained for a short time excel more long standing lower levels in the therapy of gonorrhoea. Implications of an in vitro model. AB - During recent decades there has been a controversial discussion if comparable plasma level profiles which are rather constant or those which show a high peak are more efficient for the cure of gonorrhoea. So far, investigations in this field were not based on the Grasso apparatus. Although the findings with cefotiam and ceftizoxime do not allow to formulate a general hypothesis without any restriction, it can be stated that on the basis of an identical area under the antibiotic level time curve, 'peak concentration' profiles are more favourable. PMID- 3164672 TI - Effect of new quinolones on drug-metabolizing enzyme system of rat hepatic microsomes. AB - Effects of repeated oral administration of new quinolones, ofloxacin, enoxacin and norfloxacin, once daily for 7 days, on the drug-metabolizing enzyme system of rat hepatic microsomes were studied in comparison with that of phenobarbital, a potent inducer of cytochromes P-450. Treatment of phenobarbital at the oral dose of 120 mg/kg induced significant increases in the contents of cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and in the activity of ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, and significant decreases in the activities of benzphetamine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase. However, ofloxacin, enoxacin and norfloxacin at the oral dose levels of 80 and 320 mg/kg showed no significant effect on the content of each constituent of the drug-metabolizing enzyme system, and the three enzyme activities. Thus, it is concluded that new quinolones including ofloxacin have no ability to induce a cytochrome-P-450-dependent monooxygenase system. PMID- 3164674 TI - Preoperative evaluation of CA 125 and CA 19-9 serum levels in patients with ovarian masses. AB - Serum CA 125 and CA 19-9 were presurgically measured in 40 patients with ovarian carcinoma and in 108 with benign ovarian pathologies. The sensitivity for ovarian carcinoma of CA 125 (cut-off value = 65 U/ml) and CA 19-9 (cut-off value = 40 U/ml) were 67.5% and 37.5% respectively. In particular serum CA 125 was elevated in 71.9% of non-mucinous and in 50% of mucinous carcinomas, while serum CA 19-9 was high in 25% of non-mucinous and in 87.5% of mucinous malignancies. The correlation of CA 19-9 with mucinous histotype was significant. Elevated serum levels of CA 125 and CA 19-9 were observed respectively in 14.7% and in 13.8% of benign adnexal masses. The percentages of elevated serum marker levels were significantly higher in patients with ovarian carcinoma than in women bearing benign ovarian pathology (P less than 0.001 for CA 125; P less than 0.01 for CA 19-9). Serum CA 125 and CA 19-9 alone cannot clarify the nature of an adnexal mass. However, the measurement of serum levels of these markers could give additional information to other diagnostic methods, such as ultrasonography, for discriminating benign from malignant ovarian pathologies. PMID- 3164675 TI - The infiltrated radiopharmaceutical injection: dosimetric considerations. AB - A small proportion of radiopharmaceutical administrations are extravasted from the injection site to the surrounding tissue. Of interest is the resulting absorbed dose. This investigation was undertaken to determine the biologic behavior and subsequent dosimetry of selected radiopharmaceutical infiltrations using a rat model. Subcutaneous injection of 99mTc-microspheres, 99mTc-MDP, 67Ga citrate, and 201Tl-chloride were studied. Three adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously at three separate sites on the shaven backs of the animals for each agent studied (i.e., nine sites per agent). The rats were imaged and the resulting data were analyzed by computer immediately after injection and at various intervals up to 5-6 h, and again at 24 h. Particulate subcutaneous 99mTc-microspheres exhibit essentially no diffusion of tracer from the injection site, whereas non particulates showed a biexponential release pattern. Radiation burdens in rad/mCi (mGy/MBq) due to an infiltrate volume uniformally distributed over a 5 g mass for 99mTc-microspheres, 99mTc-MDP, 67Ga-citrate and 201Tl chloride were 59.4(16.0), 13.6(3.7), 32.9(8.9) and 92.2(24.9), respectively. The radiobiological risk associated with these radiation burdens are below that needed to produce severe skin reactions when distributed within a 5 g mass. PMID- 3164676 TI - The development of the pharyngeal space and lymphoid tissue on the posterior nasopharyngeal wall--an assessment with regard to heritability. PMID- 3164673 TI - Effects of acetylsalicylic acid on electromechanical activity of in vivo rabbit ileum. AB - Aspirin has antisecretory and ulcerogenic properties in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on the electrical and mechanical activity of the ileum in anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits. Ileal electromechanical activity was recorded from serosal electrodes and a miniature intraluminal balloon. Thirty minutes after injection of ASA (30, 60 and 100 mg/kg intravenous) significant and dose-dependent increases in the percentage of slow waves with action potentials were observed when compared with saline-infected animals. The onset of action potentials correlated with phasic increases in intraluminal pressure, indicating the onset of circular muscle contractions. Injection of 15 mg/kg ASA, sodium salicylate (100 mg/kg intravenous) or saline had no effect on baseline action potential activity. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (5 and 10 micrograms/kg intravenous) significantly increased slow-wave frequency and decreased ASA-induced action potential activity. This study demonstrates that (1) ASA, but not sodium salicylate, stimulates phasic ileal action potential and contractile activity and (2) in ASA-treated animals, PGE2 produces differential effects on in vivo slow wave frequency and action potential activity. PMID- 3164677 TI - Penetrating eye injury from orthodontic headgear--a case report. PMID- 3164678 TI - CT diagnosis of ectopically erupting maxillary canines--a case report. PMID- 3164679 TI - An improved method for the assessment of the sagittal skeletal pattern and its correlation to previous methods. PMID- 3164680 TI - Observations on the growth and orientation of the anterior cranial base in the human foetus. PMID- 3164682 TI - The corrosion of orthodontic wire. PMID- 3164681 TI - Mandibular anchorage in Herbst treatment. PMID- 3164683 TI - Osseointegrated titanium implants--a new approach in orthodontic treatment. PMID- 3164684 TI - The neurite-promoting domain of human laminin promotes attachment and induces characteristic morphology in non-neuronal cells. AB - The interaction of cells with laminin and laminin fragments was studied in short term cell attachment assays. Neurite-promoting chymotrypsin fragments of laminin were isolated using a monoclonal antibody which blocks neurite outgrowth on laminin. The fragments were shown, by electron microscopy after rotary shadowing and by immunological reactivity with different monoclonal antibodies, to contain only the distal end of the long arm. These fragments promoted the attachment and spreading of glioma, sarcoma, carcinoma, muscle, and endodermal cells to the same extent as intact laminin. The attachment was unaffected by peptides containing the RGD sequence. The morphology of the cells on the chymotrypsin fragments was indistinguishable from that on intact laminin but different from the morphology of the same cells on fibronectin. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed extensive process formation on laminin but not on fibronectin suggestive of increased cell motility in response to laminin. We conclude that the neurite-promoting domain of laminin contains a major site of interaction for non-neuronal cells and that this site induces a cellular response in certain non neuronal cells that is unique to laminin. PMID- 3164685 TI - Changes in phosphoproteins during commitment of HL60 cells to monocyte differentiation: evidence for multiple protein kinase involvement. AB - The human promyeloid cell line HL60 differentiates toward monocytes when treated with TPA. We have analyzed, by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the phosphoprotein patterns within HL60 cells, labeled to equilibrium with [32P]orthophosphate when cells were treated with suboptimal (1 nM), optimal (5 and 10 nM), and supraoptimal (40 and 100 nM) concentrations of 12-O tetradecanylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as regards the induction of differentiation. No change was detected in the phosphoprotein pattern at 1 nM TPA, whereas four phosphoproteins showed increased levels of phosphorylation at 5 and 10 nM TPA. When cells were treated with 40 and 100 nM TPA, in total eight and ten proteins, respectively, were phosphorylated, including the above four proteins. Two proteins were dephosphorylated when cells were treated with 40 and 100 nM TPA. A 15-kd protein, phosphorylated when HL60 cells were treated with 5 nM TPA, was observed as an intense spot in autoradiographs of total cellular phosphoproteins of two variant HL60 cell lines that are unable to differentiate toward monocytes and prior to treatment with TPA. In the case of three variant cell lines, which like HL60 differentiate toward monocytes, the phosphoprotein spot was almost absent. Thus, paradoxically, the 15-kd phosphoprotein is affected by TPA although its constitutive level of expression or increased phosphorylation state is inversely related to the potential for monocyte differentiation. This observation, together with the TPA dose-response effects on protein phosphorylation, is discussed in relation to multiple protein kinase involvement. PMID- 3164686 TI - AIDS dementia: synthesis and properties of a derivative of 3'-azido-3' deoxythymidine (AZT) that may become 'locked' in the central nervous system. AB - In an attempt to provide a derivative of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) which might be sequestered in the central nervous system and release AZT, the dihydropyridine ester 5'-(1,4-dihydro-1-methyl-3-pyridinylcarbonyl)-3' deoxythymidine, was synthesized in a three step sequence. This material showed potent anti-HIV-1 activity in MT-4 cells most probably by hydrolysis to the parent nucleoside, AZT. This dihydropyridine derivative of AZT could be easily oxidized to a positively charged pyridinium derivative of AZT in rat brain cytosol. In turn the pyridinium form could be hydrolyzed, non-enzymatically, to AZT. PMID- 3164687 TI - Transforming growth factor beta stimulates collagen and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis in cultured rabbit articular chondrocytes. AB - The effect of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) on the production of matrix macromolecules was studied in cultures of rabbit articular chondrocytes. A 24 h exposure to TGF-beta at concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 10 ng/ml markedly stimulated the synthesis of collagen and non-collagen protein. Similar increases of glycosaminoglycan production was observed in the same experimental conditions. The distribution of these newly synthesized macromolecules between cell layer and medium was not altered by treatment with TGF-beta. The factor slightly enhanced the proliferation of chondrocytes in these experiments but its potent effect on matrix synthesis was independent of this growth stimulation. These results indicate that articular chondrocytes are target cells for TGF-beta and suggest that this growth factor could play a role in the repair process of cartilage during osteoarticular diseases. PMID- 3164688 TI - The sequence of human retinal S-antigen reveals similarities with alpha transducin. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of human retinal S-antigen (48 kDa protein), a retinal protein involved in the visual process has been determined by cDNA sequencing. The largest cDNA was 1590 base pairs (bp) and it contained an entire coding sequence. The similarity of nucleotide sequence between the human and bovine is approximately 80%. The predicted amino acid sequence indicates that human S-antigen has 405 residues and its molecular mass is 45050 Da. The amino acid sequence homology between human and bovine is 81%. There is no overall sequence similarity between S-antigen and other proteins listed in the National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF) protein data base. However, local regions of sequence homology with alpha-transducin (T alpha) are apparent including the putative rhodopsin binding and phosphoryl binding sites. In addition, human S antigen has sequences identical to bovine uveitopathogenic sites, indicating that some types of human uveitis may in part be related to the animal model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). PMID- 3164689 TI - Evidence that a second stereochemical centre in diacylglycerols defines interaction at the recognition site on protein kinase C. AB - The interaction of novel diacylglycerol analogues at the recognition site on protein kinase C has been evaluated using a modified [3H]phorbol dibutyrate binding assay and an established kinase activation assay. Studies with the 3 methyl analogues of 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycerol have revealed a preferred stereochemical configuration at the C-3 position. Other chemical modifications have extended existing structure/activity relationships by showing that carbamates and sulphonyl esters cannot substitute for carboxylate esters and that cyclic acyl groups are active. Thus, most, if not all of the functionalities in the diacylglycerol molecule are required for interaction at the receptor on protein kinase C. Stereochemical specificity is required at C2 and C3. PMID- 3164691 TI - Coming alive. PMID- 3164690 TI - Hepatitis B patient treatment in dental hygiene education programs. Clinical protocols. PMID- 3164692 TI - Latest AIDS figures. PMID- 3164693 TI - How to cope with your business. PMID- 3164694 TI - Communication. Part 3: Telephoning. PMID- 3164696 TI - What you told us: the 1986 alumni survey. PMID- 3164695 TI - AIDS and its implications for dentistry. PMID- 3164697 TI - Ovarian cancer: the prognostic value of the serum half-life of CA125 during induction chemotherapy. AB - Eighty-five patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were studied to assess the prognostic value of the prechemotherapy serum concentration of CA125 and its half life during induction therapy. The endpoints of the analysis were progression rate and time to progression. The prechemotherapy CA125 level had no prognostic value (P = 0.36) if the patients were stratified for tumor size. The half-life of CA125, however, was an independent prognostic variable (P = 0.01). Patients with a half-life of 20 days and more had a 3.2 times higher progression rate and a significantly shorter median time to progression of only 11 months, as compared to 43 months for patients with a half-life of less than 20 days. PMID- 3164698 TI - [Cefmenoxime penetration into the vitreous body of the human eye after subconjunctival injection]. PMID- 3164699 TI - [Mechanisms of cellular resistance to chloroethylnitrosourea in cell lines derived from human brain tumors]. AB - The cytotoxic and cytogenetic effects 1-(4-amino-2-methyl 1-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl 3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) and 1, 3-bis (2-chloroethyl) 1-nitrosourea (BCNU) treatments on five cell lines derived from human malignant glioma were studied. Compared to sensitive cell line SF-126, SF-188 cells were 3- to 6.9 fold more resistant to the cytotoxic effect and 8 to 14 fold more resistant to the induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs). Cytotoxic effects and induction of SCEs were intermediate for SF-268, SF-210 and SF-295 cell lines compared with SF-126 and SF-188. There was a good correlation between susceptibility to the cytotoxic effects and formation of DNA interstrand crosslinks for cells treated with ACNU and BCNU. The effects of cis diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cis-Pt) and nitrogen mustard (HN2) in these cells were also studied. Cis-Pt was equally cytotoxic and induced the same number of SCEs and DNA interstrand cross-links in all five cel lines. In contrast to the results obtained by treatment with chloroethylnitrosoureas (CENUs), SF-126 cells treated with HN2 were more resistant to the cytotoxic effects, the induction of SCEs, and the induction of DNA interstrand cross-links than were SF-188 cells. The repair of O6-methylguanine after treatment of these cell lines with (3H) methylnitrosourea were quantitated. SF-126 cells showed no detectable repair of O6-methylguanine, SF-268, SF-210 and SF-295 cells had intermediate levels of repair, and SF-188 had very high level of repair. These results suggest that cellular resistance to CENUs dose not result in cross-resistance to HN2 or cis Pt, and that one of mechanisms of cellular resistance to CENUs is increased repair of O6-alkylguanine derivatives in DNA, which prevents DNA interstrand cross-links and then reduces both cytotoxic effects and the induction of SCEs in cell resistant to CENUs. PMID- 3164700 TI - [An ultrastructural study of osteosarcoma]. PMID- 3164701 TI - Predicting genotypes at loci for autosomal recessive disorders using linked genetic markers: application to Wilson's disease. AB - Recently, the Wilson's disease locus (WND) has been mapped to the long arm of chromosome 13. We have analyzed segregation of several chromosome 13 markers flanking the WND locus and used multipoint linkage analysis to determine the most likely WND genotype of each of 57 unaffected individuals in 5 Wilson's disease families. Approximately 46% of these could be classified as carrier (heterozygote), homozygous normal, or homozygous affected (not yet symptomatic) with a probability of at least 90%, while 77% could be classified with a probability of at least 80%. Our results demonstrate that even though there is a significant decrease on average in serum copper concentration in Wilson's disease heterozygotes compared to normal homozygotes, other sources of variation in serum copper concentration are much greater and preclude use of serum copper to detect heterozygotes for Wilson's disease. Subsequent analyses showed that a familial component, independent of WND genotype, is the major factor accounting for variation in ceruloplasmin levels among unaffected individuals; age is another factor accounting for more variation in copper levels among unaffected individuals than WND genotype. PMID- 3164702 TI - Human esterase D gene: complete cDNA sequence, genomic structure, and application in the genetic diagnosis of human retinoblastoma. AB - The gene encoding human esterase D (EsD), a member of the nonspecific esterase family, is a useful genetic marker for retinoblastoma (RB) and Wilson's disease. Previously we identified a cDNA clone from this gene and determined its chromosomal location. In this report, we present the complete cDNA sequence of the human EsD gene. A long open reading frame encoded a predicted protein of 282 amino acids with molecular weight of 30 kD. A computer-assisted search of a protein sequence data base revealed homology with two other esterases, acetylcholinesterase of Torpedo and esterase-6 of Drosophila. Homologous region were centered around presumptive active sites, suggesting that the catalytic domains of the esterases are conserved during evolution. Three genomic clones of this gene were also isolated and characterized by restriction mapping. At least ten exons were distributed over a 35-kb (kilobase pair) region; each exon contained an average of 100 basepairs (bp). A polymorphic site for Apa I, located within an intron of the esterase D gene, can be used to identify chromosome 13 carrying defective RB alleles within retinoblastoma families. PMID- 3164703 TI - Individual specific DNA fingerprints from a hypervariable region probe: alpha globin 3'HVR. AB - A probe detecting a hypervariable region (HVR) 3' to the alpha globin locus on chromosome 16 has been used to produce DNA fingerprints. Segregation analysis has revealed multiple, randomly dispersed DNA fragments inherited in a Mendelian fashion with minimal allelism and linkage. The fingerprints are highly polymorphic (probability of chance association between random individuals much less than 10(-14]. The probe is, therefore, a powerful discriminating tool: it is envisaged that this probe will have forensic applications, including paternity cases, and will be informative in linkage analysis. PMID- 3164704 TI - Acquired chromosome rearrangements in human lymphocytes: effect of aging. AB - A prospective study of structural rearrangements occurring in normal lymphocytes was carried out. For each of two newborns and four young and two old adults, about 1000 metaphases from 72-h and 120 from 48-h cultures were studied. The frequency of rearrangements between bands 7p14, 7q35, 14q11.2 or 14q12 and 14qter, which is on the average about 0.003, is higher in newborns (0.0043) than in adults (0.0024). Conversely, the rearrangements involving other bands, which have a frequency of 0.025 on the average, are more frequent in old adults (f = 0.038) than in young adults (f = 0.025) and newborns (f = 0.013). The first type of rearrangement, which occurs in utero, may correspond to immunoglobulin and related gene rearrangements. The other rearrangements seem to accumulate progressively and may reflect exposure to mutagens. It is import to discriminate these two types of rearrangements when studying the effect of low doses of mutagens. PMID- 3164705 TI - Chromosome abnormalities in tuberous sclerosis. AB - In fibroblasts cultured from biopsies of the skin lesions of six patients with tuberous sclerosis (TS) there was a variable but consistent degree of karyotypic variation. Premature centromere disjunction (PCD) of all or part of the chromosomes, micronuclei, an increased incidence of breaks, dicentric chromosomes and the presence of polyploid metaphases were found in all cultures. The PCD was of the type encountered in Roberts syndrome and its frequency varied from 8% to 30%. In metaphases with PCD of one and of two chromosomes, the chromosome involved were identified, and chromosome 3 was involved 21 times among 59 chromosomes with PCD. Chromosome 3 tends to be preferentially involved in dicentric formation. In lymphocyte cultures from the same patients there were no metaphases with PCD, but there was a slight increase of breaks and the presence of dicentric chromosomes, also involving chromosome 3. Polyploid metaphases were increased in some of the cases. Karyotypic variation can be considered a cellular phenotypic characteristic of TS in fibroblasts cultured from the skin lesions, and its type indicates disturbances in the mechanics of centromere division and of chromosome distribution at cell division. PMID- 3164707 TI - Clinical management of dentally related medical problems. PMID- 3164708 TI - Paracrine influence of human breast stromal fibroblasts on breast epithelial cells: secretion of a polypeptide which stimulates reductive 17 beta-oestradiol dehydrogenase activity. AB - We have previously shown that a stroma-associated paracrine influence may occur in the human breast. In particular, human breast fibroblasts secrete a factor which stimulates reductive 17 beta-oestradiol dehydrogenase (HSD) activity, thereby regulating tissue concentrations of 17 beta-oestradiol. We report here the results of experiments designed to establish the nature of the enzyme activity stimulating factor. In vitro cell culture techniques were used, in which human breast fibroblast-conditioned medium was used to grow the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, for 6 days, after which the reductive HSD activity of the monolayers was assessed. The fibroblastic reductive HSD stimulating factor was found to be a trypsin-sensitive polypeptide. The polypeptide eluted from a Sephadex G-75 column as a peak corresponding to a molecular weight of about 50 kDa. The polypeptide exerts its effects by altering the Vmax of 2 of the cytosolic forms of HSD within MCF-7 cells. This is achieved by a protein synthesis-dependent but calmodulin-independent mechanism. These results provide further evidence of a paracrine effect by stromal tissue within the human breast and have important implications with respect to the aetiology and treatment of breast cancer. PMID- 3164706 TI - Role of pressor prostanoids in rats with angiotensin II-salt-induced hypertension. AB - This study was designed to assess the contribution of thromboxane A2 to high blood pressure in rats with angiotensin II (Ang II)-salt hypertension. Hypertension was induced in rats drinking 0.15 M NaCl by infusion of Ang II (125 ng/min i.p.) for 12 days. Relative to values in water-drinking rats without Ang II infusion, Ang II-salt hypertensive rats exhibited augmentation (p less than 0.05) of blood pressure (from 129 +/- 3 to 217 +/- 12 mm Hg), urinary thromboxane B2 excretion (from 5.4 +/- 0.9 to 25.4 +/- 2.1 ng/day), and thromboxane B2 release from renal cortex slices (from 71.3 +/- 6.7 to 121.1 +/- 14.4 pg/mg) and aortic rings (from 28.8 +/- 2.9 to 115.8 +/- 12.8 pg/mg). Treatment with an inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthetase, UK 38485, had no effect on blood pressure in normotensive and Ang II-salt hypertensive rats. Treatment with a thromboxane A2 receptor blocker, SQ 29548, decreased blood pressure in Ang II-salt hypertensive rats from 191 +/- 9 to 152 +/- 9 mm Hg after 3 hours, but it had no effect on blood pressure in normotensive rats. Since SQ 29548 interfered with the pressor effects of the prostaglandin endoperoxide analogue U-46619, prostaglandin F2 alpha, and 9 alpha,11 beta-prostaglandin F2, we suggest that the SQ 29548 induced blood pressure reduction in Ang II-salt hypertensive rats is the manifestation of blockade of the vascular actions of one or more endogenous prostanoids including thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin endoperoxides. If so, pressor prostanoids may be contributory factors in the pathogenesis of severe Ang II-salt hypertension in rats. PMID- 3164709 TI - Use of syngeneic monoclonal antibodies in the therapy of disseminated myeloid leukemic cells. AB - A syngeneic monoclonal antibody (MAb) (IC5F5) was successfully used in the immunotherapy of Rauscher-virus-induced myeloid leukemic RMB-I cells. It is directed to a virus-encoded, but aberrantly processed protein, which is expressed on the cell membrane. When applied in vivo, it binds only to RMB-I tumor cells. BALB/c mice were inoculated i.p. or i.v. with 10(7) RMB-I cells and died within 2 3 weeks due to increasing tumor load. Mice inoculated i.p. were completely cured by daily injections of ascites containing IC5F5. Disseminated tumor cells in liver and hemopoietic organs were observed after i.v. inoculation. Daily treatment with MAbs resulted in survival beyond 90 days. No antigenic modulation was observed when tumor tissue was analyzed 2-10 days after treatment. Treatment was successful even when therapy was postponed until day 5 following inoculation of tumor cells. When the number of ascites injections was reduced, survival was identical to that observed among repeatedly treated mice. Ten- and 100-fold dilution of ascites fluid diminished the number of survivors, but still resulted in a median survival time of 38 and 20 days, respectively, as compared to 14 days for untreated mice. PMID- 3164710 TI - Alterations in c-myc expression in relation to maturational status of human colon carcinoma cells. AB - Previous work from this laboratory established a large bank of human colon carcinoma cell lines in culture and classified them with respect to growth regulatory phenotypes based on several biological and biochemical characteristics. In the present report, Northern analysis indicates that addition of the maturational agent N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (1.0%) to proliferating HCT 116 and MOSER cells resulted in a repression of c-myc proto-oncogene expression; retinoic acid (1.0 microM) was less effective in this regard. Repression of c-myc expression by DMF was observed in MOSER and HCT 116 cells, whether it was added to proliferating or late log phase cultures, and was associated with a corresponding reduction in cellular proliferation. The reduction in c-myc expression by DMF did not require new protein synthesis and occurred within a few minutes after its addition, resulting in a 70% reduction within approximately 2 hr. Previous work from this laboratory indicated that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) elicited alterations in MOSER cells similar to those observed following DMF treatment. The present report demonstrates that proliferating, but not late log phase, MOSER cells responded to TGF-beta with a repression of c-myc expression. Similarly, an inhibition of cellular proliferation was only observed when TGF-beta (10 ng/ml) was added to proliferating cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that repression of c-myc expression is associated with diminished cellular proliferation and the induction of a more benign phenotype in human colon carcinoma cells. Furthermore, this report is the first demonstration of a c-myc response to TGF-beta in an epithelial cell line. PMID- 3164711 TI - Preventive and interceptive orthodontics for the growing child. PMID- 3164712 TI - Circumstances that affect ideal treatment results. PMID- 3164713 TI - Estate planning simplified. PMID- 3164714 TI - No limits to genetic inquiry. PMID- 3164715 TI - Prostaglandin E2 causes hypoventilation and apnea in newborn lambs. AB - To test the hypothesis that prostaglandin (PG) E2 is a respiratory depressant in the newborn lamb, 12 chronically catheterized, unanesthetized lambs (age 2-6 days) were infused with progressively increasing doses of PGE2 (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1; 30 min for each dose) into the ascending aorta. PGE2 caused significant progressive decreases in ventilation (due to decreased tidal volume and breathing rate), heart rate, blood pressure, and percent of the time spent in low-voltage electrocortical activity (LVA). PGE2 also caused respiratory acidosis, hypoxemia, and increased frequency and duration of apneic events (greater than 3 s). During the infusion there was a dose-related increase in plasma concentration of PGE2. At 30 min postinfusion, all measured variables showed recovery, although arterial pH, CO2 tension, and plasma PGE2 remained significantly different from control values, and the percent time in LVA was even higher than during control. Infusion of the vehicle alone (n = 5) caused no significant changes in any of the measured variables. The results, taken in combination with previous fetal studies, indicate that PGE2 has marked inhibitory effects on breathing movements both before and after birth. PMID- 3164716 TI - Impaired muscle glycogen storage after muscle biopsy. AB - To assess the effects of repeated needle biopsies on the rate of muscle glycogen repletion, eight male subjects were studied immediately after and 2 days after an exhaustive cycling bout. A single biopsy was obtained from the right vastus lateralis muscle immediately after an exhaustive cycling bout. Two days later, a sample was taken 1 cm lateral or medial to sample A. In four of these subjects, additional biopsies were taken 3 cm distal and proximal. A control specimen was also taken from the left leg 2 days after the exercise. Ten days after the exercise, muscle was again sampled from each leg of these four subjects. Analysis of these samples revealed that the initial biopsy impaired glycogen storage in the muscle taken 1 cm medial or lateral to the previous site. This reduction in glycogen storage was most pronounced in the first 2 days after the exercise. Samples taken distal and proximal to the initial biopsy contained, on the average, less glycogen than the contralateral leg, but these differences were only significantly different in the distal muscle sample. Alteration in muscle glycogen storage was seen to persist for 10 days after the first biopsy, suggesting that care must be taken in selecting the site for repeated biopsies from the same muscle. PMID- 3164717 TI - Diuretic use as a marker for eating problems and affective disorders among women. AB - Fourteen female symptomatic volunteers between the ages of 18 and 40 who used diuretics on a regular basis for reasons that were not medically necessary were evaluated. Seven (50%) were diagnosed as having a current or past syndromal or subsyndromal eating disorder, and 9 (64%) were diagnosed as having a current or past affective disorder. The results of this pilot study suggest that chronic diuretic use in young women should signal to the clinician the possibility of an unrecognized eating problem and/or an affective disorder. PMID- 3164718 TI - Purification and properties of 3 alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetinate dehydrogenase of Clostridium innocuum from human intestine. AB - 3 alpha-Hydroxyglycyrrhetinate dehydrogenase of Clostridium innocuum, isolated from human intestinal bacteria, was capable of converting 3-ketoglycyrrhetic acid to 3 alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetic acid. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by means of butyl-Toyopearl 650M, Sephadex G-150, Matrex Red A, Toyopearl HW-55S, and isoelectric focusing column chromatographies. The purified enzyme showed a specific activity of 156 mumol/min.mg toward 3 alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetic acid, and showed a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The apparent molecular weight was 53,000, as estimated by gel filtration, and 30,000, as judged by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its isoelectric point was 5.2. The enzyme showed absolute specificity for the 3 alpha-hydroxyl and 3-ketonic groups of 18 alpha- or 18 beta-glycyrrhetic acid and required NADP+ and NADPH as cosubstrates. The enzyme did not act on any 3 alpha-hydroxyl or 3-ketonic group of steroids or bile acids. The enzyme is a novel type of enzyme, defined as 3 alpha-hydroxy-glycyrrhetinate dehydrogenase, being quite different from 3 alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.50]. PMID- 3164719 TI - Characterization of cloned human leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase expressed in mammalian cells. AB - 5-Lipoxygenase has been expressed in a mammalian osteosarcoma cell line transfected with the cloned cDNA for human leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase. Two clonal cell lines derived from the transfected cells expressed the enzymatic activity. When incubated with arachidonic acid (100 microM), the major 5-lipoxygenase products of 10,000 X g supernatants from these cells were 5 hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), and the nonenzymatic hydrolysis products of leukotriene (LT)A4. The ratio of 5-HETE to LT (between 6:1 and 9:1) was similar to that observed in leukocyte supernatants. Furthermore, incubation of 10,000 X g supernatants from the transfected cells with 5 hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE) (75 microM) resulted in the synthesis of LTA4 hydrolysis products. Control osteosarcoma cell supernatants produced no 5 HETE or LT from arachidonic acid or 5-HPETE. Maximal activity of the expressed enzyme required Ca2+, ATP, and two cellular stimulatory factors prepared from human leukocytes. Immunoblot analysis of supernatants from the osteosarcoma cell clones revealed an immunoreactive 80,000-dalton band that was indistinguishable from the band observed in leukocyte supernatants. Therefore, the expressed enzyme was functional and exhibited characteristics that were identical to those of human leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase. When intact transfected osteosarcoma cells were challenged with ionophore A 23187, no 5-lipoxygenase products were formed. If arachidonic acid was added along with the ionophore, the cells synthesized 5-HETE and the nonenzymatic hydrolysis products of LTA4. These results verify that the cDNA used to transfect the osteosarcoma cells encodes for 5-lipoxygenase. Furthermore, these studies offer independent evidence that this single protein possesses both 5-lipoxygenase and LTA4 synthase activity, as has been reported previously from enzyme purification data. PMID- 3164720 TI - The amino acid sequence of antistasin. A potent inhibitor of factor Xa reveals a repeated internal structure. AB - Antistasin is a 15-kDa protein from the salivary glands of the Mexican leech, Haementeria officinalis, which manifests anticoagulant activity by inhibiting factor Xa. Previous work demonstrating the presence of this activity in salivary gland extracts and its partial purification has been reported (Tuszynski, G. P., Gasic, T. B, and Gasic, G.J. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 9718-9723). The present study includes further purification to homogeneity of antistasin and its subsequent fragmentation and complete amino acid sequence determination. The protein, which possesses 119 amino acid residues, is blocked at its amino terminus by the presence of a pyroglutamic acid residue and has an unusually high cysteine content, with 20 cysteine residues. The primary structure of antistasin shows no homology to hirudin, a 65-residue anticoagulant protein from the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis. Of great interest is the finding of significant internal homology within antistasin where a 2-fold internal repeated structure is observed. At least four isoforms of antistasin have been identified in leech salivary gland extracts by high performance liquid chromatography analysis, and partial amino acid sequence analysis of these isoforms indicates they differ by 1 or 2 amino acid residues. PMID- 3164721 TI - A novel carbohydrate, differentiation antigen on fucogangliosides of human myeloid cells recognized by monoclonal antibody VIM-2. AB - A mouse monoclonal antibody, VIM-2, specific for human blood cells of myelomonocytic lineage, was found to bind to a series of minor gangliosides isolated from the cells of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (Uemura, K., Macher, B.A., DeGregorio, M., Scudder, P., Buehler, J., Knapp, W., and Feizi, T. (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 846, 26-36). TLC immunostaining studies with the VIM-2 antibody of gangliosides from normal human neutrophils, acute myeloid leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia cells showed that the total amount and the ratio of the VIM-2 gangliosides varies among these different myeloid cells and appears to be related to the level of cellular differentiation. Purification of these gangliosides from chronic myelogenous leukemia cells was aided by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure used in conjunction with high performance liquid chromatography. Structures for two of the immunoreactive gangliosides (a ceramide decasaccharide, VIII3NeuAcV3-Fuc-nLc8Cer and a ceramide dodecasaccharide X3-NeuAcVII3Fuc-nLc10Cer) are proposed from negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the native gangliosides, methylation analysis, and the combined use of glycosidase treatment and TLC immunostaining with carbohydrate sequence specific antibodies. The VIM-2 antigen was thus characterized as involving the sialofucooligosaccharide sequence. PMID- 3164722 TI - Sulfhydryl-directed triggering of conformational changes in the enzyme rhodanese. AB - The enzyme rhodanese in the form without transferred sulfur, (E), was inactivated by carboxymethylation with iodoacetic acid (E.IAA), and its conformation was compared with that of E inactivated by oxidative processes (Eox). Formation of E.IAA led to the exposure of binding sites for the fluorescent apolar probe 1,1' bi(4-anilino)naphthalene-5,5'-disulfonic acid (BisANS). The dissociation constant for BisANS decreased as the concentration of E.IAA decreased and ranged from approximately 200 microM at 1 mg/ml protein to approximately 2 microM at protein concentrations below 0.1 mg/ml. Centrifugation confirmed that E.IAA, but not the underivatized enzyme, could associate. E.IAA was proteolyzable by chymotrypsin or endoproteinase Glu C (V8), while rhodanese containing bound sulfur, ES, was totally refractory, and E was only clipped to a small extent. This constellation of consequences was only previously observed with oxidatively inactivated rhodanese. Fluorescence depolarization measurements of bound BisANS were consistent with exposure of apolar surfaces and association of the protein. The fluorescence spectra of BisANS bound to E.IAA or Eox were identical and distinct from the spectrum of BisANS bound to phenylglyoxal-inactivated ES. Digestion with chymotrypsin was followed using protein and BisANS fluorescence and showed a similar response for E.IAA and Eox. These results indicate that the consequences of forming Eox and E.IAA are very similar. Thus, reaction of the active site sulfhydryl group apparently triggers a conformational change leading to increased protein flexibility and increased exposure of hydrophobic surfaces. In the case of oxidation, the trigger might involve initial formation of an active site sulfenic acid which ultimately gives higher oxidation states that could include disulfides. PMID- 3164723 TI - Purification of a factor inhibiting differentiation from conditioned medium of nondifferentiating mouse myeloid leukemia cells. AB - Mouse myeloid leukemic M1 cells are induced to differentiate by various differentiation inducers. Activity for inhibition of induction of differentiation of M1 cells (I-factor activity) was detected in conditioned medium of variant M1 cell clones that were resistant to differentiation inducers, and this I-factor activity was shown to be closely associated with resistance of the cells to differentiation inducers. In this work, the I-factor was purified to apparent homogeneity from conditioned medium of resistant M1 cells. The purification procedure consisted of ammonium sulfate precipitation, CM-Sepharose CL-6B, Sephadex G-200, reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography on a C18 hydrophobic support, and high-performance liquid chromatography on a gel filtration column. The factor was analyzed by radioiodination, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and autoradiography. The purified factor gave a single band of protein with a molecular weight of 68,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis which coincided with its biological activity. The concentration of I-factor required for 50% inhibition of dexamethasone-induced differentiation of M1 cells was 24 pM. At its effective concentration it had no effect on cell proliferation, and even at 1.2 nM it did not inhibit colony formation of normal bone marrow cells, suggesting that it was distinct from the inhibitor of normal precursors of macrophages and/or granulocytes. PMID- 3164724 TI - [Usefulness of cell surface marker analysis in clinical cases. The monoclonal antibody rosetting technic]. PMID- 3164725 TI - [The inhibitory effect of batroxobin against the lung metastasis of the B16-F10 melanoma cells implanted in the mice in relation to the activity of the NK cell]. PMID- 3164726 TI - Calcium dependency of prostaglandin E2 production in rat glomerular mesangial cells. Evidence that protein kinase C modulates the Ca2+-dependent activation of phospholipase A2. AB - Calcium has been implicated as an important factor in prostaglandin production. Phospholipase A2, the enzyme believed to be rate limiting for prostaglandin synthesis, is stimulated by Ca2+; however, the levels of Ca2+ necessary to stimulate phospholipase A2 in cell-free systems are higher than levels achieved in intact cells in response to agonists that stimulate prostaglandin synthesis. We examined the calcium dependency of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis in the glomerular mesangial cell. Vasopressin enhanced PGE2 synthesis by mechanisms independent of extracellular Ca2+ concentration. The Ca2+ concentration dependency of PGE2 production was established by rendering cells permeable with digitonin and clamping Ca2+ concentration at various levels. When cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]f) was set at levels equal to those measured after stimulation with vasopressin in the intact cell, the PGE2 production by the Ca2+ clamped permeabilized cells was approximately one-half of that obtained in nonpermeabilized cells stimulated with vasopressin. Since stimulation of mesangial cells with vasopressin increases protein kinase C activation as well as [Ca2+]f the effects on PGE2 production of protein kinase C activation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) were examined. When permeabilized cells were exposed to Ca2+ concentrations in the range of [Ca2+]f measured in cells treated with vasopressin the addition of PMA approximately doubled PGE2 production. No increase in PGE2 production was observed with PMA when Ca2+ concentration was fixed at basal levels of less than 100 nM. Ca2+-dependent acylhydrolase activity and PGE2 production were inhibited by calmodulin inhibitors, W-7 and compound 48/80. Thus, vasopressin-induced PGE2 production could be explained by a synergistic effect of protein kinase C activation together with an increase in [Ca2+]f. A synergistic action of Ca2+ and PMA on acylhydrolase activity could also be observed in nonpermeabilized cells where A23187 was used to increase [Ca2+]f. The effect of PMA was mimicked by another stimulant of protein kinase C, 1-oleoyl 2-acetylglycerol, albeit with lower potency. Neither PMA nor 1-oleoyl 2 acetylglycerol alone had any effect on acylhydrolase activity. Vasopressin, in the presence of GTP gamma S, stimulated phospholipase C in permeabilized cells when [Ca2+]f was fixed at less than 100 nM, without an associated increase in acylhydrolase activity. This evidence, together with inhibition of acylhydrolase activity with phospholipase A2 inhibitors, dibucaine and mepacrine, indicates that the primary acylhydrolase activity was due to phospholipase A2. The enhanced phospholipase A2 activity observed with protein kinase C activation when [Ca2+]f is increased may be related to phosphorylation of phospholipase A2 itself or phospholipase A2 modulatory proteins. These experiments demonstrate that both Ca2+ and protein kinase C play important roles in the regulation of phospholipase A2 and PGE2 synthesis. PMID- 3164728 TI - Furcation topography of the maxillary and mandibular first molars. AB - The objective of the present study was to describe the topography of the furcation area of the maxillary and mandibular first molars. By using a photogrammetric method, the furcation areas of extracted teeth were plotted to obtain 3-dimensional contour maps. By comparing the individual 10 drawings of the maxillary and mandibular first molars, respectively, some morphological characteristics of the furcation areas could be described. Accordingly, the study showed the complexity of the furcation areas with presence of a number of small ridges, peaks and pits forming a mixture of convexities and concavities. PMID- 3164727 TI - Syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess. A defect in the cortisol-cortisone shuttle. AB - The first adult case of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-OHSD) deficiency is described. The impaired conversion of cortisol to cortisone (indicated by urinary cortisol and cortisone metabolites and failure to metabolize 11 alpha-[3H]cortisol to [3H]H2O), was associated with hypertension, hypokalemia, and suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. When established on a fixed Na+/K+ intake, dexamethasone, given orally, produced a natriuresis and potassium retention. Plasma renin activity became detectable. When hydrocortisone (10 mg daily s.c. for 4 d) was added, there was marked Na+ retention, a kaliuresis (urinary Na+/K+ falling from 1.2 to 0.15), with suppression of plasma renin activity and an increase in blood pressure. These changes were also seen with the subject on no treatment. Conversion of cortisone to cortisol was not affected. These results suggest that cortisol acts as a potent mineralocorticoid in 11 beta-OHSD deficiency. The major site for the oxidation of cortisol to cortisone is the kidney. In this patient congenital deficiency of 11 beta-OHSD results in high intrarenal cortisol levels which then act on renal type I mineralocorticoid receptors. This condition can be treated with dexamethasone, which suppresses cortisol secretion and binds to the type II glucocorticoid receptor. We suggest that 11 beta-OHSD exerts a critical paracrine role in determining the specificity of the type I receptor. In the normal state cortisol is converted by 11 beta-OHSD to cortisone which thus allows aldosterone to bind preferentially to the type I receptors in the kidney and gut. In this patient deficiency of 11 beta-OHSD results in high intrarenal cortisol concentrations that then bind to the type I receptor. PMID- 3164729 TI - Longitudinal study of untreated periodontitis (I). Clinical findings. AB - The principal aim of this study was to investigate the use of certain clinical and microbiological criteria to predict periodontal breakdown during a 1-year period. A further aim was to establish whether the act of collecting subgingival plaque samples periodically throughout the observation period would have any effect on the clinical or microbiological variables. Only the clinical data is presented in this paper. The study population comprised 11 volunteers (aged 32-51 years) with persistent advanced periodontitis and inadequate plaque control in spite of a previous intensive course of hygiene therapy. From the left jaw quadrants, 89 teeth were selected, yielding 148 bleeding pockets of 4 mm depth or more. From the right jaw quadrants, 74 teeth were selected, yielding 117 bleeding pockets of 4 mm depth or more. All subjects were examined on 7 occasions at 2 monthly intervals when plaque index scores, dichotomous measurements of gingival redness, pocket depths and attachment levels were recorded. Bacteriological sampling was carried out at each visit for each site only in the left jaw quadrants while the right jaw quadrants were sampled only at the first and last visits. During the study, no subgingival instrumentation was performed, except at 3 sites which exhibited loss of attachment of 3 mm. These teeth were withdrawn from the study for ethical reasons. At the completion of the study, the sequential changes in probing attachment level at each site were subjected to regression analysis to determine the direction and extent of attachment change which had taken place at each site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3164730 TI - Longitudinal study of untreated periodontitis (II). Microbiological findings. AB - 11 volunteer subjects with advanced chronic periodontitis participated in a 1 year longitudinal clinical and microbiological study. Subgingival plaque was collected at each of 7 visits from 148 pre-selected sites in the left jaw quadrants (test sites) and on the first and last visits, only from 117 sites in the left jaw quadrants (control sites). All sites were examined clinically at each of the 7 visits, and the microbiological markers investigated were the % spirochaetes and % black pigmented Bacteroides species in subgingival plaque. At the completion of the study, the sequential changes in probing attachment level at each site were subjected to regression analysis to determine the direction and extent of attachment change. Possible correlations between attachment change and % spirochaetes or % black-pigmented bacteroides were investigated using both individual sites and individual subjects. No significant differences were observed in either of the microbial variables between test and control sites. Possible correlations between the microbiological markers and attachment changes were investigated at baseline, at the 12-month visit and using the microbial data accumulated over all 7 visits. Significant differences were observed only at the 12-month visit when the % spirochaetes of both test and control sites were significantly lower in subjects showing the greatest improvement in attachment level. Overall, these results indicate that quantification of either spirochaetes or black-pigmented Bacteroides species cannot be used reliably to identify or predict disease-active sites. PMID- 3164731 TI - Clinical use of intermediate to high dose of N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine in children with acute leukemia. AB - N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (BH-AC) is one of the ara-C derivatives resistant to deamination. Administration of BH-AC in an intermediate (500 mg/m2) or a high dose (1000 mg/m2) resulted in maximum BH-AC plasma levels that were 10 to 20 times as high as those obtained at the conventional BH-AC dose and prolonged maintenance of comparatively high levels. High concentrations of ara-C in the plasma were observed just after BH-AC administration and at 24 hours were proportionally far higher than the ratio between the BH-AC doses administered in this study and those usually administered. To prevent the occurrence of shock, which has reportedly occurred in other studies, because of the presence of HCO-60, hydrocortisone was administered together with BH-AC in this study. In the two patients studied, no shock was observed and the only side effects were transient nausea and vomiting. The results suggest that administration of intermediate and high doses of BH-AC, accompanied by HDC, will prove a safe, effective means of enhancing the efficacy of leukemia therapy. PMID- 3164733 TI - Payment for care. PMID- 3164732 TI - Insurance company policies. PMID- 3164734 TI - Oral candidiasis and AIDS. PMID- 3164735 TI - Bouncing money orders. PMID- 3164736 TI - Apply the rubber dam. PMID- 3164737 TI - Position statement. PMID- 3164738 TI - Lifelong learning: options in continuing education. PMID- 3164739 TI - Detection of intracoronal resorption in an unerupted developing premolar: report of case. AB - Identification of a resorptive lesion in an unerupted premolar is detailed in this report of a 10-year-old female. The lesion was discovered during a periodic recall examination. Early detection and treatment of this resorptive process will minimize its potentially destructive capacity. Radiographic inspection of this lesion in the preeruptive dentition should be routinely performed. PMID- 3164740 TI - Relationship between proximal cavity design and recurrent caries. AB - A total of 375 Class II restorations were divided into short, intermediate, and long groups according to occlusal-gingival length and its relationship to the contact area of adjacent teeth as determined radiographically. Recurrent caries at the gingival margin was studied during a 2-year period. Restorations with gingival margins ending occlusal to the contact area had a significantly higher rate of caries at all time intervals. Results suggested, in part, that the additional length of the restoration is not as critical as clearing the contact area. PMID- 3164742 TI - Correcting space loss caused by severe decay: report of case. AB - A new application of the brass wire technique was used. Brass wire was used to upright a mandibular second molar that had tipped mesially as a result of severe decay of the adjacent mandibular first molar. This technique allowed proper restoration of the severely decayed first molar and maintenance of an intact dentition. PMID- 3164741 TI - Effect of coefficient of thermal expansion on microleakage. AB - This study examines the relationship between thermal coefficient of expansion and microleakage. Six restorative materials with varying coefficients of thermal expansion were thermocycled in basic fuschin dye and compared for relative microleakage. The use of dental restorative materials with low coefficients of thermal expansion such as glass ionomer can control microleakage. PMID- 3164744 TI - Continuing education course listing for July to December 1988. Council on Dental Education. PMID- 3164743 TI - Ocular hypertelorism, facial basal cell carcinomas, and multiple odontogenic keratocysts of the jaws. AB - Dentists should be aware of the multiple jaw cysts of NBCS that may develop in patients as young as 7 to 8 years. As the jaw cysts frequently are the initial symptom, dentists have the opportunity to detect the syndrome early, before the patients seek medical treatment. Any young patient with multiple odontogenic keratocysts in the jaws can develop other conditions characteristic of the disease. A careful family history should be taken, and the patient should be monitored closely for subsequent clinical manifestations of the disease. PMID- 3164745 TI - Golden: a novel coat color mutant in the wild mouse Mus caroli. AB - We identified a spontaneous pigmentation mutant in the wild mouse species Mus caroli. Mutant mice exhibit a golden coat color on the agouti background, easily distinguishable from the darker wild type. The golden phenotype segregates as an autosomal recessive, showing no linkage to the sex-linked enzyme marker glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase. Obligate heterozygotes are phenotypically indistinguishable from the wild type. At birth, homozygotes have poorly pigmented eyes, which darken with age to become indistinguishable from the wild type. Pigmentation of the ears, tail, and footpads is reduced in intensity. Preliminary studies indicate that the phenotype may be due to an alteration in the shape and pigmentation of the eumelanosomes. The viability and fertility of both heterozygotes and homozygotes, as measured by litter size, sex ratio, or frequency of survival to weaning, appear to be normal for M. caroli. Spectrophotometric analysis of hair samples from the mouse variant at the putative golden locus (gdn) suggests that this mutant is not homologous to at least six independent pigment mutants previously identified in M. musculus. PMID- 3164746 TI - Restriction of measles virus gene expression in measles inclusion body encephalitis. AB - Measles virus (MV) infection in brain tissue of a patient with measles inclusion body encephalitis was characterized by immunologic and biochemical techniques. Of the five major structural proteins of MV, only nucleocapsid (N) protein and phosphoprotein (P protein) were consistently detected in diseased brain areas. In contrast, hemagglutinin protein was seen only occasionally, and no membrane and fusion proteins were found in any of the sections studied. Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) specific for these five viral proteins were detected in all brain extracts examined; however, the mRNAs for the envelope proteins were clearly underrepresented in comparison with lytically infected cells. Only the mRNAs for N and P proteins appeared active in in vitro translations. These findings indicate quantitative differences in the pattern of mRNA expression in brain tissue and a restricted expression of MV envelope proteins in infected cells as observed in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. PMID- 3164747 TI - [Analysis of cellular oncogenes in human osteosarcomas transplanted into nude mice]. AB - The structures and transcripts of sixteen different cellular oncogenes (c-oncs) were studied in ten human osteosarcoma lines transplanted onto nude mice by Southern and Northern blot hybridization techniques. One osteosarcoma line (WAJI) had an amplification of c-myc gene at about ten-fold normal amount. High levels of c-myc transcripts were detected in four (MINO, OZA, SU, KiKu) of ten osteosarcoma lines. High levels of c-H-ras transcripts were also detected in four (OZA, TOMO, WAJI, SU) of ten osteosarcoma lines. Gene transcripts of c-fos were detected in only one osteosarcoma line (WAJI). Osteosarcomas containing detectable c-myc transcripts grew more rapidly in nude mice than those with undetectable c-myc transcripts. Levels of c-H-ras transcripts were apparently unrelated to the tumor growth rate. PMID- 3164748 TI - Alpha-actin synthesis changes in cultured cardiac myocytes: relationship to anthracycline structure. AB - Four anthracyclines (AAs) were examined comparatively to determine effects on actin isoform synthesis in vitro. Cultured cardiac myocytes (CMCs) were incubated for 24 hours with 35 microCi sulfur 35-labeled methionine and 10(-10) to 10(-5) mol/L doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin) (ADR), daunomycin (DM), 5 iminodaunorubicin IDR), or 3'-deamino-3'-(3-cyano-4-morpholinyl)doxorubicin (MRA CN). CMCs were harvested in buffered Triton X-100 and homogenized. Proteins in the extracts were fractionated by centrifugation. Equal protein quantities were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, to two dimensional electrophoresis, and to autoradiography. AAs caused a dose-dependent decrease in radiolabeling of CMC proteins in Triton-soluble and -insoluble fractions of the extracts. ADR and DM (10(-6) mol/L each) and IDR (10(-5) mol/L) decreased radiolabeling of CMC polypeptides including alpha-actin. In polypeptides extracted in the Triton X-100-soluble pool, the effect on CMC alpha actin synthesis was greater than the effect on beta- or gamma-actin. CMC alpha actin synthesis was susceptible to ADR and to DM in a dose-dependent fashion. Contrastingly, alpha-actin radiolabeling was not altered by exposing CMCs to 10( 5) mol/L MRA-CN. Decreased sarcomeric actin isoform synthesis in vitro may reflect forms of subcellular damage in this model of anthracycline cardiomyopathy. PMID- 3164749 TI - Surface charge of macrophages and their interaction with charged particles. AB - The distribution and concentration of surface ionogenic groups on murine peritoneal macrophages and the responses of their plasmalemma to charged markers were investigated by electron microscopy. Quantitation of the distribution of cationized ferritin (CF) as a marker for anionic groups on fixed cells revealed surface anions on invaginated parts of the plasmalemma to be fewer than those on flat or projecting segments. Cationic groups on the surface membrane, however, could not be labeled with anionized ferritin (AF). Interaction of viable macrophages with cationic particles at 37 degrees C resulted in their "internalization" within vesicles and coated pits and a closer apposition between many segments of plasmalemma than with neutral or anionic substances. The process occurred unaltered at 4 degrees C and was unaffected by cytochalasin B and colchicine, suggesting that this close apposition between segments of plasmalemma resulted from neutralization of surface negative electrostatic charges by the cationic material and did not reflect endocytosis. PMID- 3164750 TI - Effects of 8-aminoguanosine on the toxicity of guanosine and deoxyguanosine for malignant and normal lymphoid cells. AB - The toxicity of guanosine and deoxyguanosine in the presence or absence of the purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor, 8-aminoguanosine, for malignant lymphoid cell lines and mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes has been studied. Deoxyguanosine inhibited the proliferation of lymphoid cells more strongly than guanosine. Addition of 100 microM 8-aminoguanosine neither enhanced nor diminished the toxicity of guanosine to the lymphoid cells. Only the toxicity of deoxyguanosine for the leukemic T cell line, MOLT 4, and the leukemic nonBnonT cell line, KM-3, was enhanced by the addition of 100 microM 8-aminoguanosine. These data suggest a possible role of purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitors in the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders of the T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as well as the nonBnonT-ALL subclass. PMID- 3164751 TI - Biochemical and pharmacologic characterization of a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C in rat neutrophils. AB - The phosphatidylinositol (PI)-specific phospholipase C (PLC) activity contained in sonicates of casein-elicited (4-6 hr) rat neutrophils has been identified and characterized. With phosphatidylinositol (PI) as the substrate, PLC activity is found both in the supernate and pellet of a 100,000g spin of the neutrophil sonicate. Further fractionation of the crude sonicate by centrifugation on discontinuous sucrose gradients indicates that the PLC activity is predominantly cytosolic with lesser amounts of activity found in the plasma membrane and granule enriched fractions. Hydrolysis of PI by the sonicate PLC is linear for 15 20 min at 37 degrees C and also with respect to the amount of sonicate protein added. The enzyme shows selectivity for PI with little, if any, hydrolytic activity towards other phospholipids such as phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), or phosphatidylcholine (PC). The PLC activity has a pH optimum of 5.5-6.0, is enhanced 1.5-3-fold by the addition of deoxycholate, and is Ca++ dependent. Kinetic analysis of the PLC hydrolysis of PI yields an apparent Km of 240 +/- 85 microM and a Vmax of 34.3 +/- 17.0 nmol/min/mg protein (n = 3). Similarly, when phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) is used as substrate, an apparent Km of 109 +/- 66 microM and a Vmax of 14.3 +/- 10.4 nmol/min/mg (n = 3) protein is obtained. These data suggest that PIP2 may be a slightly better substrate for the PMN PLC relative to PI. Finally, a variety of drugs previously reported to inhibit platelet PLC activity in vitro were tested for their ability to inhibit rat PMN PLC. Of the compounds tested, none were potent (i.e., IC50 values less than or equal to 100 microM) inhibitors of the PMN PLC. PMID- 3164752 TI - The influence of tumor stage and metastasis on the biodistribution of gallium-67 citrate in the murine Lewis lung carcinoma model. AB - The biodistribution of i.v. administered [67Ga]citrate was investigated in the Lewis lung carcinoma/male B6D2F1 mouse model. Tumors were implanted intramuscularly (10(5) cells or 10(6) cells in suspension) into the thigh, or subcutaneously (10(7) cells or 2 mm3 fragments) into the tail of recipient mice. Intramuscular tumors were allowed to grow for 16, 24, or 33 days; tail tumors developed for 2 wk (fragment implants) or 3 wk (10(7) cells in suspension) after which the primary tumor was amputated along with adjacent fragments of the tail tissue. Gamma camera scintigraphy and dissection/radiometric biodistribution studies indicated that: (a) tumors and metastases took up 5-6% of the injected dose/g except when large necrotic areas were present in the primary tumor; (b) blood levels of 67Ga increased in all tumor-bearing animals, with up to tenfold increases in the i.m. tumor model at later stages of the growth; (c) hepatic uptake increased as a function of tumor size/age, and (d) all tissue:blood ratios declined as the neoplastic tissues progressed. The results are discussed with respect to tumor progression and metastatic disease. PMID- 3164753 TI - Scintigraphic demonstration of lower extremity periostitis secondary to venous insufficiency. AB - The scintigraphic findings on bone imaging in two patients with extensive lower extremity periostitis secondary to venous insufficiency are presented. One of these patients had bilateral disease. The use of [67Ga]citrate scanning in an attempt to exclude concurrent osteomyelitis is also addressed. PMID- 3164754 TI - Managing the new patient with complaints against a previous dentist. PMID- 3164755 TI - Have you started your retirement planning? PMID- 3164756 TI - Advocate or adversary? PMID- 3164757 TI - Rapid marketing of commercial products. PMID- 3164758 TI - What does HA do? PMID- 3164759 TI - Some prose about poetry. PMID- 3164760 TI - Use of porous hydroxylapatite blocks for augmentation of atrophic mandibles. AB - A clinical study of the use of porous blocks of hydroxylapatite (Interpore 200) for augmentation of atrophic residual mandibular ridges was performed. Fifteen patients each had three preoperatively customized blocks placed. They were then examined clinically and radiographically for at least 2 years. Six patients had skin-graft vestibuloplasties performed over the blocks 3 months after implantation; dentures were made for 11 of the patients. No clinical or radiographic evidence of migration or resorption of the blocks was found; however, all 15 patients suffered complications. Eleven developed ulcerations over the blocks with persistent exposure, six had suture line dehiscence leading to exposure, two infections occurred, and two patients developed chronic pain in the area of block insertion. The skin graft took only partially in all patients undergoing subsequent vestibuloplasties. To date, 37 of the original 45 blocks have required complete removal. Histologic examination of removed blocks has revealed partial filling of the pores with lamellar bone. The use of blocks of porous hydroxylapatite to reconstruct atrophic residual mandibular ridges was found to have an unacceptably high rate of failure and the ability to sustain an overlying split-thickness skin graft was unpredictable. PMID- 3164762 TI - Comparison of sublingual lorazepam with intramuscular diazepam as sedatives during oral surgery. AB - Sublingual lorazepam (2 to 3 mg) was compared with intramuscular diazepam (0.25 mg/kg) and placebo for sedation during oral surgery under local anesthesia. Sixty patients were randomly allocated into three groups in this double-blind, parallel study. The results from this trial show that sublingually administered lorazepam provided good sedation and anxiolysis. More side-effects, such as giddiness, dizziness, and ptosis, as well as profound and prolonged psychomotor impairment, were, however, found in the lorazepam group than in those patients who had received intramuscular diazepam (0.25 mg/kg) or placebo. PMID- 3164763 TI - Adjuvant postoperative external beam radiotherapy in head and neck cancer. AB - The optimum postoperative dose for local or regional disease control was retrospectively assessed in 70 patients with head and neck cancer given adjuvant external beam radiotherapy. Actuarial 2-year survival rates with no evidence of disease (NED) according to stage were 75%, 59%, and 72% for stages II, III, and IV, respectively. Primary tumor/regional failure and distant metastasis adversely affected prognosis. Patients had an actuarial 2-year NED of 80% when the dose to the primary tumor/upper neck was greater than or equal to 60 Gy but was 53% when the dose was less than 60 Gy. Two-year NED was 85% in those patients given greater than 50 Gy to the lower neck and 62% when less than or equal to 50 Gy was used. Based on these results, a total dose of at least 60 Gy to the primary tumor bed and upper neck and greater than 50 Gy to the lower neck whenever adjuvant postoperative irradiation is administered for subclinical disease is recommended. PMID- 3164761 TI - Suction assisted lipectomy of the face and neck. AB - A method of suction assisted lipectomy of the face and neck is presented as a preferable alternative to sharp, direct excision of such fat. Complications and results are discussed. PMID- 3164764 TI - Botryoid odontogenic cyst: clinicopathologic analysis of ten cases with three recurrences. AB - The botryoid odontogenic cyst (BOC) is a rare cyst of odontogenic origin originally described in 1973 by Weathers and Waldron as a variant of the lateral periodontal cyst. Ten examples of this rare lesion were studied by light and electron microscopy and the clinical and radiographic findings were analyzed. Eight of ten lesions were located in the mandible; the anterior mandible being the dominant site. Five of the ten lesions were unilocular, the largest measuring 4.5 X 1.2 cm. Only two of the ten botryoid odontogenic cysts were radiographically multilocular. Three lesions represented recurrences 8, 10, and 10 years after previous surgical intervention. All patients were white with an average age of 46 years. Perhaps the most significant information gained from this investigation of botryoid odontogenic cysts is the fact three of ten lesions recurred after initial surgical removal. It is important that practitioners take note of the fact that: 1) a recurrence potential may exist for the botryoid odontogenic cyst that has gone unrecognized, 2) recurrence may not occur until a decade after initial surgery, and 3) lesions may occasionally become destructive. PMID- 3164765 TI - The effect of diet texture on healing following temporomandibular joint discectomy in rabbits. AB - This study evaluates the healing of the rabbit temporomandibular joint (TMJ) following discectomy in animals fed coarse or ground diets. Twenty New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups with two unoperated groups serving as controls. A unilateral discectomy was performed and the animals were placed on either a regular (coarse) or a ground diet immediately following surgery. After 3 months, histologic evaluation demonstrated that fibrocartilage thickness was greatest in the discectomy-coarse diet operated joint, less in the discectomy ground diet operated joint, still less in the discectomy-coarse diet unoperated joint, and unaffected in the control animals. The results of this study demonstrate that diet texture can affect TMJ healing following discectomy. The adverse responses of the coarse diet affected not only the operated joint but also the unoperated contralateral joint. PMID- 3164766 TI - Effect of hydroxylapatite, tricalcium phosphate, and collagen on the healing of defects in the rat mandible. AB - The effects of hydroxylapatite and tricalcium phosphate alone or mixed with collagen on the repair of surgically created bony defects in the mandible of 30 rats were evaluated by gross examination and light microscopy. When specimens were examined 4 and 12 weeks after placement of the implants, bone was observed in direct contact with the implants at the periphery; however, in the central portion of the defects, the implants were surrounded by fibrous connective tissue containing macrophages and a few multinucleated giant cells. Neither the hydroxylapatite or the tricalcium phosphate induced bony healing in the defect, and the addition of collagen did not interfere with healing. Because collagen does not alter healing, it might be possible to use it as biocompatible resorbable binder to confine particulate ceramic implants and inhibit their migration. PMID- 3164767 TI - Current trends in the treatment of maxillofacial injuries in the United States. AB - This report presents the results of a 1987 survey of members of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons used to assess current national and regional trends in the management of maxillofacial trauma. Comparisons are also made with a similar British survey done in 1980. The results show differences between the two countries as well as regional differences within the United States. The significance of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3164768 TI - Secondary acquired conjunctival melanosis resulting from an alloplastic implant. PMID- 3164769 TI - Resection of a myxoma of the maxilla via LeFort I osteotomy. AB - Surgical treatment of a large maxillary myxoma by way of an exposure through LeFort I osteotomy has been presented. This technique allows a potentially easier and more thorough removal of a lesion that historically exhibits moderately aggressive biologic behavior and a high recurrence rate. Orthognathic surgical procedures should be used more frequently by surgeons trained in these techniques to obtain surgical access and control for oncologic procedures. PMID- 3164770 TI - Two-stage reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint following treatment of synovial chondromatosis. AB - Two stage reconstruction of a TMJ following excision of synovial chondromatosis is described. The condylar stump was used in combination with a glenoid fossa implant by performing a unilateral osteotomy 6 months after the tumor was excised. This technique might be considered in other situations that require a total joint replacement. PMID- 3164771 TI - TMJ dysfunction from transorally placed lag screws: fact or fiction? PMID- 3164773 TI - Some aspects of the emerging dental malpractice crisis. PMID- 3164772 TI - The demonstration of tissue clonality by X-linked enzyme histochemistry. AB - We report here the first demonstration in normal, as opposed to chimaeric mice, of the clonal architecture of the small intestine, oesophagus, breast, and thyroid, using polymorphism of the X-linked enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, EC 1.1.1.49) as a clonal marker. Reproducible results using X-linked histochemistry were found to depend upon the simultaneous study of tissue from normal mice, mice homozygous for abnormal enzyme levels, and heterozygous mice. In tissues from homozygous animals where levels of enzyme activity normally vary, the use of a physiological stimulus to reduce this metabolic heterogeneity allowed interpretation of clonality in the heterozygotes. The details of the histochemical technique used require modification for each of the different tissues studied. A dual population of cells was seen in the heterozygous animals in all tissues studied. Oesophageal epithelium showed sharply separated alternating patches of positive and negative cells. Small intestinal crypts were always monophenotypic, while villi were polyphenotypic, indicating that crypts are monoclonal and villi derive from more than one crypt, confirming work in allophenic animals. In contrast, thyroid follicles and breast acini showed a mixture of mono- and polyphenotypia, consistent with a polyclonal origin. These results, which have important implications for the study of the clonal origins of normal and neoplastic growth, require the direct in situ demonstration of the cellular phenotype. PMID- 3164774 TI - Ethical, moral, and legal dilemmas in dentistry: the process of informed decision making. PMID- 3164775 TI - Retaliatory reciprocity in dental licensing is unconstitutional. PMID- 3164776 TI - Products liability law: is a dentist a "seller" of a defective product? PMID- 3164777 TI - Fluoridation of water in Virginia: the tempest in the teapot. PMID- 3164778 TI - Tetracycline therapy in patients with early juvenile periodontitis. AB - Tetracycline therapy, when used in conjunction with surgery or root planing, has been shown to be effective in controlling the progression of juvenile periodontitis. However, the ability of tetracycline alone to control the disease has not been assessed. The present study evaluated the effects of tetracycline therapy, with supragingival plaque control, on clinical attachment levels and radiographic bone height in patients with clinical and radiographic evidence of juvenile periodontitis. The four patients (mean age 15.2 +/- 0.3 yrs) each demonstrated loss of attachment of greater than or equal to 2 mm at one or more probing sites and had accompanying radiographic evidence of early localized bone loss. Following an initial clinical evaluation consisting of pocket depths, attachment levels and standardized radiographs, the patients received systemic tetracycline therapy (1 gm/day for three to six weeks) and oral hygiene instruction. At the completion of antibiotic therapy, patients received a supragingival professional prophylaxis every two weeks for three months, whereupon the initial evaluation was repeated. On comparing the initial and three month clinical and radiographic data, there were significant decreases in clinical and radiographic measurements. For a total of 85 affected probing sites around 26 teeth, 79% decreased in pocket depth by greater than or equal to 2 mm (with no sites increasing in pocket depth) and 69% gained clinical attachment (with only one site losing attachment of 1 mm). Radiographic measurements revealed an increase in both the height and area of coronal alveolar bone. The findings indicated that six weeks of systemic tetracycline therapy combined with supragingival plaque control was effective in the initial control of early juvenile periodontitis. PMID- 3164779 TI - Microbiological and clinical effects of surgery plus doxycycline on juvenile periodontitis. AB - It was previously determined that surgery plus the antibiotic doxycycline were effective in eliminating or suppressing Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), an organism strongly associated with disease in localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP). Eight patients with LJP participated in this surgical study. Patients were reexamined three and 12 months following therapy. The results of this study strongly suggest that surgery plus doxycycline effectively eliminate Aa from periodontal pockets. This elimination results in clinical improvement and attachment gain at three and 12 months following surgery. Further destruction was seen in individuals who continued to harbor high levels of Aa. PMID- 3164780 TI - Partial regeneration of periodontal tissues using collagen barriers. Initial observations in the canine. AB - The capacity of collagen membranes to support guided regeneration of periodontal tissues in the dog was assessed. The mesiolabial, labial and distolabial aspects of the mesial root of the second and third mandibular premolar were surgically exposed in three beagle dogs. Collagen membranes, 0.5 to 0.7 mm thick, prepared from a purified solution of rat-Type I collagen were interposed between the gingival flap and the exposed root surfaces of the right premolars. The left premolars were sham-operated without the use of collagen membranes. Animals were killed one month after surgery. Tissue blocks, including the surgical sites, were removed and prepared for histological and histometric examination. Long epithelial attachment was the modality of healing in the control sites. The apical level of the junctional epithelium was located either at, or close to, the apical level of the defect. The experimental sites exhibited a combination of three healing modalities: (1) partial regeneration of periodontal tissues (new bone, periodontal ligament and cementum) occurred in the apical half of the defect, (2) long epithelial attachment developed in the coronal quarter of the defect and (3) connective tissue adhesion developed between the two. Pocket depth was similar in both the control and experimental sites. Collagen membranes could not be identified at the time of examination. The results indicate that: (1) collagen membranes have the capacity to support regeneration of periodontal tissues and (2) collagen membranes are either incorporated within the healing tissues or degraded by these during the healing process. These findings suggest that collagen membranes may be of value in reconstructive periodontal therapy. PMID- 3164782 TI - Bacterial invasion of periodontal tissues. PMID- 3164781 TI - The use of chlorhexidine in the management of gingivitis in children. AB - Two double-blind studies were conducted in 191 children in Mexico. Following a dental prophylaxis, either a 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse or a placebo was used under supervised conditions in comparable groups twice per day. The chlorhexidine treatments resulted in a significant decrease of gingivitis when compared to the placebo rinse. Although superficial mucosal desquamations were seen in some chlorhexidine users, they were transient and without discomfort. The increase of cosmetic side effects, e.g., dental stain and supragingival calculus, was without consequence to the gingival health of the subjects. The use of a chlorhexidine rinse twice per day and as adjunct to regular oral hygiene procedures achieved a considerable benefit against gingivitis in children in two studies extending over ten and 12 weeks. PMID- 3164784 TI - The impaired physician and dentist: the role of peer assistance. PMID- 3164783 TI - The use of citric acid as root conditioning agent. PMID- 3164785 TI - Prenatal dental care and education for the expectant mother. PMID- 3164786 TI - How long should I retain my patients' records? PMID- 3164787 TI - Callers increasing use of AIDS hotline. PMID- 3164789 TI - Ceftizoxime level in the myocardium (right atrial muscle and mitral papillary muscle) during open heart surgery. AB - We determined the level of sodium ceftizoxime (CZX) in the right atrium and mitral papillary muscle of 22 adults and 6 children undergoing open-heart surgery, 60 and 120 minutes after intravenous administration of this drug at the dosages of 2 grams for adults and 1 gram for children. The CZX level in the right atrial muscle after 60 minutes was 37.0 micrograms/g in adults and 51.0 micrograms/g in children. The CZX level in the papillary muscle of the mitral valve, determined at 120 minutes was 16.9 micrograms/g. In the present study, we measured the level of the antibiotic CZX in the myocardial tissue during open heart surgery. The purpose of this was to determine the quantity in which the antibiotic is taken into the myocardial tissue. PMID- 3164788 TI - Lipid alterations and decline in the incidence of coronary heart disease in the Helsinki Heart Study. AB - In the Helsinki Heart Study, a randomized five-year, double-blind trial, a 34% reduction in the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) was observed in dyslipidemic men treated with gemfibrozil. Averaged over the five years of the trial, gemfibrozil therapy produced, compared with placebo, mean decreases of 10% in serum total cholesterol level, 14% in non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, 11% in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level, 35% in triglyceride level, and a mean increase of 11% in HDL cholesterol level from baseline levels measured prior to treatment. While changes in HDL cholesterol level were similar in all Fredrickson types, the effect on concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was largest in type IIA and on LDL minimal in type IV. The reduction of CHD incidence over placebo was largest in type IIB and smallest in type IIA. The lipid changes were dependent on lipid levels prior to treatment and on compliance with the medication regimen. When risk factors for CHD, including age, blood pressure, smoking and drinking habits, baseline lipid levels, and exercise and relative weight, were controlled by applying the Cox proportional hazards model, the changes in serum HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were both statistically significantly associated with the decline in CHD incidence within the gemfibrozil-treated group. The large decrease in serum triglyceride levels had relatively small effect on CHD incidence. Thus, the results of this study, together with earlier observations, suggest that both elevating HDL and lowering LDL cholesterol levels are effective in the primary prevention of CHD. PMID- 3164790 TI - [Comparative analysis of the levels of anti-prostaglandin F2 alpha antibodies in the normal state and in cardiovascular diseases]. AB - The ELISA test was performed on sera of normal donors and patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and essential hypertension (EH) to detect autoantibodies against prostaglandin F2 alpha (a-PGF2 alpha). The a-PGF2 alpha level was much higher after immune complexes dissociation. Baseline a-PGF2 alpha was elevated in EH patients with a sudden rise in blood pressure, and in MI patients without hypertension and unstable angina. MI patients with bradyarrhythmias also had elevated a-PGF2 alpha levels. Baseline a-PGF2 alpha was rather low in the sera of donors, chronic EH patients with hypertension and unstable angina, suggesting that a-PGF2 alpha has a physiological role to play. PMID- 3164791 TI - Defects of natural killer cell activity in children with untreated acute lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Natural killer (NK) activity against cells of the K-562 line was significantly depressed in 12 of 18 children (66%) with untreated acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). No suppression of allogeneic NK activity was observed with sera of the patients, regardless of the level of NK depression. The ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) to suppress allogeneic NK activity was tested in two ALL patients - one with no detectable NK activity, and one with high NK activity. No NK-suppressive activity was found with PBLs of the areactive patient; PBLs of the reactive patients exhibited some suppressive activity, but only at a particular suppressor-to-effector cell ratio. Leukemic blasts were resistant to killing by autologous NK cells stimulated by IFN, as well as to killing by allogeneic, IFN stimulated PBLs. Leukemic blasts of an ALL patient inhibited lysis of K-562 cells in an 18-h, but not in a 4-h NK assay. The inhibition could partly be reversed by pretreatment of ALL cells with alpha interferon, suggesting that the blasts might inhibit the lysis of K-562 targets in a competitive manner. Disturbed function and/or regulation of NK cells may influence attempts at NK cell activation by lymphokines. PMID- 3164793 TI - Dental implant options available for treatment of the totally edentulous mandible. PMID- 3164794 TI - Radiation concerns of dental students, faculty and patients. PMID- 3164795 TI - Origin of AIDS: quest for fact or fallacy. PMID- 3164792 TI - Delayed seroconversion to HIV in a hemophiliac. AB - In a 14-year-old boy with severe hemophilia B, HIV seroconversion was observed about 2 years after substitution therapy had been changed to heat-treated PPSB concentrates. This shows that HIV-antibodies may appear in hemophiliacs after time periods longer than generally assumed. PMID- 3164796 TI - AIDS update: OSHA guidelines mandatory. PMID- 3164797 TI - Cytogenetic pattern in acute myelogenous leukemia: a major reproducible determinant of outcome. AB - An analysis was conducted of clinical and laboratory variables associated with response to remission induction therapy and remission duration in 440 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia treated between 1975 and 1983. The complete remission rate was 259/440 (59%). Specific cytogenetic abnormalities such as t(8;21), t(15;17), and inv16 were found to be favorable for response to therapy and/or remission duration, whereas those with a normal (diploid) karyotype had an intermediate prognosis. All other karyotypic abnormalities were associated with lower response rates and short complete remission durations. The karyotypes were classified as favorable, intermediate, and unfavorable groups for response and remission duration after allowing for all the other observed clinical and laboratory values related to prognosis. The cytogenetic classification was prospectively validated in an independent test group of 130 patients treated between 1983 and 1986 and showed a consistent relationship to response and remission duration. Logistic regression and proportional hazard models developed from the initial 440 patients were prospectively evaluated in the test group of 130 patients. Clear stratifications of patients into good, intermediate, and poor risk groups were obtained in the prospective tests. The karyotype of the leukemia cells is an independent prognostic variable for response and remission duration in acute myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 3164798 TI - Morphologic and cytochemical characterization of adult lymphoid leukemias which express myeloid antigen. AB - Cancer and Leukemia Group B demonstrated that adults with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) possessing blast cells with myeloid antigens (My+ALL), as identified by monoclonal antibodies against CD13 and CD33, have a worse prognosis than those lacking myeloid antigens (My-ALL). Consequently, we further studied this group of adults with ALL to determine if these immunological groups could be distinguished by morphological and cytochemical criteria. Bone marrow films were classified according to French-American-British Co-operative Group Criteria, assessed for myelodysplasia, and examined for blasts with azurophilic granules. More cases of My+ALL had L2 morphology than did My-ALL (68% vs. 49%, p = 0.04), and more cases of My+ALL were positive for acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (61% vs. 31%, p = 0.03). The presence of myelodysplastic changes was not significantly different in My+ALL (13%) as compared to My-ALL (5%), but more cases of My+ALL had unusual blasts (monocytoid features and cytoplasmic buds) than did My-ALL (19% vs. 0%, p less than 0.01). In addition, more cases of My+ALL had greater than 5% of the blasts with azurophilic granules (42% vs. 13%, p = 0.01). In the My+ALL group the presence of azurophilic granules was associated with a longer median survival (13.5 months vs. 1.5 months, p less than 0.01). We conclude that My+ALL can be suspected when cases possess L2 morphology, unusual blasts, positive staining for acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, and greater than 5% azurophilic granules. In addition, the poor risk group (My+ALL) can be further subdivided into better and poorer risk subgroups based on the presence of azurophilic granules. PMID- 3164799 TI - Small-dose Harringtonine induces complete remission in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. AB - Small-dose Harringtonine (1-3 mg infused during 4-5 hr) was used as a single agent to treat 10 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Every patient received one to three courses, each lasting 13-81 days (mean 33 days). The interval between courses (i.e., interruptions) was 5-11 days. During treatment, marrow aplasia occurred in one patient and hypoplasia in three. Pancytopenia occurred in all 10 patients. Complete remission was achieved in seven patients (70%) and cytoreduction in two. In vitro studies showed that, although Harringtonine produced a decrease in leukemic cells in all five series of marrow cultures from five patients, there was only one wherein the decrease was accompanied by a simultaneous absolute increase in differentiated myeloid cells. Considerable discrepancy existed between the culture results and clinical responses. These results seem to suggest that the therapeutic effect of Harringtonine on acute promyelocytic leukemia originates chiefly from cytotoxicity. PMID- 3164800 TI - A new specific chromosomal rearrangement, t(11;20)(p15;q11), in myeloblastic leukemia with maturation. AB - The translocation t(11;20)(p15;q11) was found as the sole acquired clonal chromosome abnormality in two patients with acute myeloid leukemia. The bone marrow morphology in both cases corresponded to the M2 subtype of the French American-British (FAB) classification. None of the patients achieved complete remission, and both died less than 6 months after diagnosis. This particular translocation has not previously been reported in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3164802 TI - A computer shopper's checklist: 14 key considerations. PMID- 3164801 TI - Fatty acid composition of HL-60 cells is modified upon proliferation arrest and differentiation. AB - The human leukemic cell line HL-60 undergoes differentiation to granulocytic-like cells in response to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or retinoic acid (RA). This differentiation is accompanied by an arrest in cell proliferation. Studies have implicated alterations in the phospholipid fatty acid (FA) composition as a result of HL-60 differentiation. However, changes in FA's are also known to occur during the arrest of cellular proliferation. Using a highly efficient capillary gas-liquid chromatography technique, the phospholipid FA composition of HL-60 and of DMSO-resistant and RA-resistant HL-60 subclones was determined in proliferating cells, in density-arrested cells, and in terminally differentiated cells. The same specific modifications in some of the FAs of the three cell lines were observed when proliferation was inhibited by cell density; 16:0 and 18:2n-6 were decreased and 22:6n-3 increased. Moreover, 16 and 18 dimetylacetals were both increased when proliferation was decreased, indicating modifications in plasmalogen contents. Granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells and of its subclones with DMSO and/or RA provoked modifications in phospholipid FAs different from that found in density-arrested, undifferentiated cells such as decreases in monoenoic FAs of 16 and 18 carbons as well as an increase in arachidonic acid, the major polyunsaturated FA. The biological significance of these changes upon arrest of proliferation and differentiation are discussed. These results indicate that, when arrest of proliferation accompanies differentiation, these two phenomena can be responsible for different changes and, whenever possible, they have to be considered separately in order to know which modifications are effectively due to differentiation itself. PMID- 3164804 TI - Key to one-person lab: control your work habits. PMID- 3164803 TI - Software buyer's guide. PMID- 3164805 TI - Computer phobics tell why they're now 'computer dependents'. PMID- 3164806 TI - Financial policies for your patients and the staff. PMID- 3164807 TI - Expressly for the staff. PMID- 3164808 TI - Collection and the laws: what do you do when the patient will not pay? PMID- 3164809 TI - The right bank can help create financial success. PMID- 3164811 TI - Cash management: a primer. PMID- 3164812 TI - What to do with your money once you've made it. PMID- 3164810 TI - Options in accounts receivable management. PMID- 3164813 TI - Assignment of benefits. PMID- 3164814 TI - Cash management and the balance sheet--whose friend is this anyway? PMID- 3164815 TI - Effective cash management. PMID- 3164816 TI - Cash management and overhead expenses. PMID- 3164818 TI - Communication. PMID- 3164817 TI - Managing patient payments. PMID- 3164819 TI - How successful has your portfolio been? PMID- 3164820 TI - A rational approach to cash flow. PMID- 3164821 TI - Treatment plan acceptance: the foundation of cash management. PMID- 3164822 TI - AIDS...dentistry's concern in Missouri. PMID- 3164823 TI - AIDS! can we talk? PMID- 3164825 TI - Adult orthodontics. PMID- 3164824 TI - FTC and the professions...again! PMID- 3164826 TI - Presence of phenolsulfotransferase activity in microvascular endothelial cells: formation of 5-HT-O-sulfate in intact cells. PMID- 3164827 TI - Platelet-derived growth factor does not constrict rat intracerebral arterioles in vitro. PMID- 3164828 TI - Leber's optic atrophy and "rhodanese" activity. PMID- 3164830 TI - Case presentation: amelogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 3164829 TI - Capitation: who assumes the plan risk? PMID- 3164831 TI - Sensitivity to cell killing and the induction of cytogenetic damage following gamma irradiation in wild-type and thymidine kinase-deficient Friend mouse erythroleukaemia cells. AB - Wild-type Friend erythroleukaemia (clone 707) cells and 2 thymidine kinase deficient subclones, 707BUE and 707BUF, having thymidine kinase activities of 1.4% and 0.7% that of clone 707, were compared for sensitivity to killing and the induction of cytogenetic damage following gamma irradiation. Three doses of gamma irradiation were used (150, 300 and 450 cGy), and cells were harvested for metaphase spreads after 4, 8, 12, 15, 29 and 43 h. G2 delay was evident at 4 h following gamma irradiation in the 3 cell clones examined, and recovery of mitosis was observed to be dose-dependent. G2 delay was found to be most prolonged in subclone 707BUE and most prompt in clone 707. Increased sensitivity to the induction of cytogenetic aberrations at all three doses was apparent in the 2 thymidine kinase-deficient subclones (as compared to wild-type cells) at 15, 29 and 43 h. Th thymidine kinase-deficient subclones also showed increased sensitivity to gamma radiation-induced cell killing. Furthermore, subclone 707BUE consistently exhibited greater resistance to gamma irradiation than did the subclone with lower thymidine kinase activity, 707BUF. The importance of thymidine kinase levels and extended G2 delay for DNA repair processes is discussed. PMID- 3164832 TI - Safeguarding the blood supply by providing opportunities for anonymous HIV testing. PMID- 3164833 TI - Managing eating disorders in a general ward. PMID- 3164834 TI - Epithelium selectively controls hypersensitization of the response of smooth muscle to leukotriene D4 by endogenous prostanoid(s) in guinea-pig trachea. AB - The effect of epithelium removal on the sensitivity of smooth muscle to carbachol and leukotriene D4 (LTD4) was investigated in guinea-pig isolated tracheal preparations untreated and treated with a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, flurbiprofen (1 mumol/l). The pD2 value of carbachol was not changed by epithelium removal or by flurbiprofen-treatment, alone or in combination. On the other hand, the pD2 of LTD4 was higher in the tracheal strips without epithelium than in the intact preparations. In preparations devoid of epithelium, the pD2 value of LTD4 was decreased by treatment with flurbiprofen, suggesting that the sensitivity of the smooth muscle (namely, epithelium-free preparations) to LTD4 is enhanced by intramurally produced excitatory prostaglandin(s) [PG(s)]. However, in intact preparations with epithelium, no such sensitized response to LTD4 was observed. After flurbiprofen-treatment, in the continued presence of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha, 200 nmol/l), the sensitivity to LTD4 was partially recovered in the epithelium-free preparations, but not in the intact ones. These results suggest that epithelium diminishes the sensitizing effect of intramural excitatory PG(s) on responsiveness of tracheal smooth muscle to LTD4, possible via a non prostanoid substance(s). PMID- 3164835 TI - Fournier's gangrene or fulminant necrotizing fasciitis of the scrotum and penis as a complication of granulocytopenia in a patient with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). PMID- 3164836 TI - Hydroxyurea as a cause of drug fever in chronic myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 3164838 TI - Writing down the rules. PMID- 3164839 TI - Porcelain veneer technique. PMID- 3164837 TI - HIV testing and sexual behaviour in New Zealand homosexuals. PMID- 3164841 TI - Undermining the ethics of dentistry. PMID- 3164842 TI - Putting the bite on capitation. PMID- 3164840 TI - Saving tax by splitting income. PMID- 3164843 TI - Dental Guide 88. PMID- 3164844 TI - Teeth for sealant placement: a position statement. PMID- 3164845 TI - Update on AIDS (February 1988). PMID- 3164846 TI - Malpractice. PMID- 3164847 TI - [Reactive arthritis. Differential diagnosis in cases of temporomandibular diseases]. PMID- 3164848 TI - [Knowledge related to dental health and oral habits and the relation of caries incidence and periodontal condition]. PMID- 3164849 TI - [Possibilities and mechanisms of infection by the AIDS virus]. PMID- 3164850 TI - [Do not completely trust the autoclave]. PMID- 3164851 TI - Craniofacial pain disorders: a report of three case histories. PMID- 3164852 TI - Test your diagnostic ability. PMID- 3164853 TI - AIDS risk from needles less than one percent. PMID- 3164854 TI - You may not have AIDS, but IT has you! PMID- 3164855 TI - AIDS and the patient's right to know. PMID- 3164856 TI - A new posterior and anterior composite. PMID- 3164857 TI - Bone integrated implants in a partially edentulous case. PMID- 3164858 TI - Dentistry: what the future holds. PMID- 3164859 TI - Sharps: unfair to the dentist. PMID- 3164860 TI - Dental hygiene in Canada. National Survey. PMID- 3164861 TI - Dental hygiene education in Canada. An overview. PMID- 3164862 TI - Medication caries; the risk to healthy teeth of sucrose in medications. PMID- 3164864 TI - Dalhousie's 25th. PMID- 3164863 TI - Predictors of performance in dental hygiene education. PMID- 3164866 TI - A genetic study of manic-depressive disorder among the old order Amish of Pennsylvania. AB - A genetic and epidemiological study of the genetic linkage of major affective disorders is being conducted for over 10 years among the Old Order Amish in Pennsylvania, a genetic isolate leading a uniform pattern of life. An autosomal dominant mode of inheritance was found to be most consistent with the transmission patterns in the Amish families. The advent of DNA technology suddenly revolutionised the field of genetic linkage studies. The finding that major affective disorders were linked to DNA markers on the short arm of chromosome 11 was reported in "Nature" as a first report of the location of a dominant gene conferring a strong predisposition to a common psychiatric condition. A strong linkage was shown to two DNA markers, insulin and the cellular oncogene Haras-1. Several other candidate genes should also be studied, for example, the structural gene encoding for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH gene). It is important to ask why certain people "at risk" remain well, whereas others develop major affective disorders. An effort is also underway to test whether other forms of affective disorder are part of the same genetic spectrum. The Amish study has to maintain a research strategy of interface between psychiatry and other scientific disciplines. PMID- 3164867 TI - Starch-induced overeating and overweight in rats: influence of starch type and form. AB - In Experiment 1, adult female rats were fed, in addition to chow and water, a carbohydrate source that consisted of pure amylopectin corn starch or hydrolyzed corn starch (Polycose) in either a dry powder form or a hydrated gel form. Over the 30-day test periods, carbohydrate intake, total food intake, and body weight gain were greater with the Polycose than with the amylopectin, and greater with the gel form than with the powder form of the carbohydrates. The amylopectin gel produced overeating and overweight relative to a chow-fed control group, although the effects were less than that obtained with the Polycose gel. In a second experiment, test meals of the carbohydrate gels produced larger postmeal increases in plasma glucose than did the carbohydrate powders. There was no effect of carbohydrate type (amylopectin vs. Polycose) on the plasma glucose response. In Experiment 3, the addition of amylopectin to a Polycose gel reduced carbohydrate and total caloric intake. Both orosensory and postingestive factors may contribute to the differential food intake and body weight gains produced by the different types (Polycose vs. amylopectin) and forms (gel vs. powder) of carbohydrates. PMID- 3164865 TI - Type beta transforming growth factor reversibly inhibits the early proliferative response to partial hepatectomy in the rat. AB - Type beta transforming growth factor (TGF-beta), a factor produced by many cell types, is a potent inhibitor of hepatocyte DNA synthesis in vitro. To determine whether TGF-beta can influence hepatocyte proliferation in vivo, its effects were examined on the regenerative response of liver to partial hepatectomy (PH) in the rat. Porcine platelet-derived TGF-beta 1 (0.5 micrograms), administered intravenously at the time of PH and 11 hr later, reduced the fraction of hepatocytes engaged in DNA synthesis 22 hr after PH by 67% and inhibited the rate of hepatic [3H]thymidine incorporation by 50%. TGF-beta 2 produced a similar effect. A single dose of 0.5 micrograms of TGF-beta 1 given 11 hr after PH reduced liver [3H]thymidine incorporation by 32%; 4.5 micrograms of TGF-beta 1 or TGF-beta 2 inhibited DNA synthesis by 88% and the labeling index by 86%. Although sensitive to TGF-beta administered 11 hr after PH, late in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, a single dose of 0.5 micrograms given at the time of PH did not significantly influence DNA synthesis 22 hr after PH. The inhibitory effects of TGF-beta were transient; rats treated with two 0.5-microgram doses of TGF-beta at 0 and 11 hr had completely restored their original liver DNA mass 8 days after PH. Administration of 0.5 microgram of either TGF-beta 1 or TGF-beta 2 every 12 hr for 5 days failed to suppress the recovery of hepatic DNA mass. However, the nuclear labeling index of the TGF-beta-treated animals was significantly higher than that of the controls. There was no evidence of cytotoxicity from TGF-beta, as determined by liver histology and plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin like growth factor I, and two hepatic enzymes. Thus, TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 reversibly inhibit the proliferative response of liver to PH and may be important in the modulation of normal liver growth and repair. PMID- 3164869 TI - Time is on your side ... manage it effectively. PMID- 3164868 TI - Time and dose dependency of bone-sarcomas in patients injected with radium-224. AB - The time course and dose dependency of the incidence of bone-sarcomas among 900 German patients treated with high doses of radium-224 is analysed in terms of a proportional hazards model with a log-normal dependency of time to tumor and a linear-quadratic dose relation. The deduced dose dependency agrees well with a previous analysis in terms of a non-parametric proportional hazards model, and confirms the temporal distribution which has been used in the Radioepidemiological Tables of NIH. However, the linear-quadratic dose-response model gives a risk estimate for low doses which is somewhat less than half that obtained under the assumption of linearity. PMID- 3164870 TI - A closer look at vision problems. PMID- 3164872 TI - Independent contracting. PMID- 3164871 TI - Implants. PMID- 3164873 TI - Getting to the bottom of what independent contracting really means. PMID- 3164874 TI - Infection control is as easy as 1-2-3. PMID- 3164875 TI - Hygienists and the law. PMID- 3164876 TI - The fruits of your labor can ripen into new career options. PMID- 3164878 TI - Accepting your role as patient advocate. PMID- 3164879 TI - Equal opportunity. PMID- 3164877 TI - Your right to know. PMID- 3164880 TI - Winning strategies. PMID- 3164881 TI - Invasive Fusarium solani infections in patients with acute leukemia. AB - Two cases of disseminated hyalohyphomycosis due to Fusarium solani in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia were studied. The clinical features in both patients included fever, fungemia, severe myalgias, disseminated ecthyma gangrenosum-like skin lesions, ocular symptoms, and a fatal outcome despite systemic administration of amphotericin B in the setting of profound, persistent granulocytopenia. In vitro studies showed the resistance of both F. solani isolates to amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, and imidazoles. This investigation confirmed the emergence of F. solani infection in immunosuppressed hosts. PMID- 3164882 TI - Dimensional stability of alginate impressions immersed in disinfecting solutions. PMID- 3164883 TI - Attachments + imagination = solution. PMID- 3164884 TI - Personnel policies: establishing rules for employee behavior, Part V. PMID- 3164886 TI - Planning your estate. PMID- 3164885 TI - Vanillate and syringate cements. PMID- 3164887 TI - Personnel policies: miscellaneous policies you may want to consider. PMID- 3164889 TI - Internal geometry of porcelain inlays. PMID- 3164891 TI - Recognition of dental laboratory industry certification programs by the dental profession. PMID- 3164888 TI - The Gayso bridge. PMID- 3164890 TI - The cerama-crown System: an all-ceramic restoration process. PMID- 3164892 TI - 1986 NADL economic conditions survey results. PMID- 3164893 TI - Eight steps to improve operations--increasing productivity. PMID- 3164894 TI - A new magical "machine" to organize the dental laboratory. PMID- 3164896 TI - Toughened glass-ionomer cements. PMID- 3164895 TI - How to measure study models for attachment-retained prostheses. PMID- 3164897 TI - Software, support and service: pre-requisites to computerizing your dental laboratory. PMID- 3164898 TI - It's tough getting started. PMID- 3164899 TI - Penicillin: still the best choice for treating dental infections. PMID- 3164900 TI - Diagnostic and surgical arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 3164901 TI - Production of monoclonal antibodies against murine dental papilla. AB - The mesenchymal component of the embryonic tooth, the dental papilla, shows unique cellular behavior. Only the dental papilla cells are capable of differentiating into odontoblasts. The dental papilla also directs the morphogenesis of the tooth. Our aim is to develop suitable markers for further studies on the molecular mechanisms behind the determination and differentiation of the dental mesenchymal cells. We have produced monoclonal antibodies against this embryonal cell population. Altogether 1114 enzymatically separated mesenchymes from dissected molar tooth germs of 17-day-old mouse embryos were fixed in paraformaldehyde (PFA) and sonicated in saline. A rat was immunized and hybridomas were produced by standard methods. The supernatants were screened by immunohistology, using both frozen sections and sections of PFA-fixed paraffin embedded mouse molar teeth. Altogether, 19 wells produced antibodies reacting with dental tissues. One monoclonal antibody recognizes a 67,000 dalton intracellular antigen enriched in secretory odontoblasts and ameloblasts. The antigen is also found in osteoblasts and chondrocytes in the developing jaw, and in some cultured murine cells. The method described here appears to be successful for generating and screening monoclonal antibodies against the dental papilla. PMID- 3164902 TI - Differences between non-collagenous protein content of rat incisor and permanent bovine dentin. AB - The content of non-collagenous proteins, extractable upon demineralization, in dentin from permanent bovine teeth and continuously growing rat incisors was compared. In both tissues, highly phosphorylated phosphoprotein and proteoglycan were major non-collagenous components. Whereas gamma-carboxyglutamate-containing proteins of the osteocalcin type constituted a major fraction in rat dentin, these were virtually absent from bovine dentin. The two tissues differed in content and composition of phosphoproteins, the major non-collagenous protein fraction of dentin. Considerable differences were also found in the presence of other acidic non-collagenous proteins. It was concluded that the general non collagenous protein composition of dentin from different species may differ fundamentally, but that such differences may be advantageous in exploring the different roles of specific components in the mechanism of biomineralization. PMID- 3164903 TI - Distribution of Langerhans cells in clinically healthy human gingival epithelium with special emphasis on junctional epithelium. AB - Twenty-one biopsies of clinically healthy marginal gingiva from children, who performed conventional oral hygiene but received no additional professional prophylaxis, were studied in order to obtain information on distribution and density of Langerhans cells (LC) in the oral gingival epithelium (OGE), the sulcular epithelium (SE) and the junctional epithelium (JE). A simple freeze separation technique was found to create acceptable histomorphology of JE in specimens obtained adherent to teeth, while partially and non-adherent ones were rejected. The majority of LC in OGE were highly dendritic and stained intensively with OKT6 monoclonal antibodies. The distribution was network-like with a density of 21.0 +/- 3.2 LC/0.1 mm2 cross-sectional epithelial area. A similar although less dense distribution was found in SE (8.6 +/- 3.0 LC/0.1 mm2). These observations confirm previous findings. In JE 2 groups of LC were identified: 1) Weakly stained LC with very few and short dendrites distributed in a scattered way (2.8 +/- 1.4 LC/0.1 mm2) in the apical three-fourths of JE in most specimens. Present evidence suggests that these cells might be immature cells of Langerhans lineage. 2) Clusters of LC (9.4 +/- 2.9 LC/0.1 mm2) with dendrites of moderate lengths and numbers and a varied fluorescence intensity; they were found in a few specimens in the coronal one-fourth of JE and at the border zone to SE. Such clusters might represent genuine variation in the distribution of LC or reactions to initial/early plaque formation. PMID- 3164904 TI - Antiplaque effects and mode of action of a combination of zinc citrate and a nonionic antimicrobial agent. AB - The effect upon plaque growth of adding a nonionic antimicrobial agent, triclosan, to a dentifrice containing zinc citrate was established in short-term in vivo studies. Plaque regrowth was inhibited by brushing with dentifrices which contained either zinc citrate or triclosan. When both were combined in the same dentifrice, the inhibition of overnight plaque regrowth was significantly greater. In two 4-day non-brushing studies, the dentifrices containing both zinc citrate and triclosan were applied either undiluted by the use of a cap splint or as 23% suspensions in water. Both methods resulted in significant reductions in plaque accumulation, with the greater activity being observed for the undiluted application of the dentifrice. Analysis of results of the overnight plaque studies for individual teeth revealed that the two agents had a complementary inhibitory action on plaque regrowth, zinc citrate being more effective on existing plaque whereas triclosan inhibited plaque formation on clean surfaces. The dentifrice containing both agents was effective against both existing plaque and new plaque formation. It is concluded that the addition of triclosan to a dentifrice containing zinc citrate improves its antiplaque potential. PMID- 3164905 TI - Adhesion of Streptococcus rattus and Streptococcus mutans to metal surfaces. AB - The adhesion of Streptococcus rattus BHT and Streptococcus mutans IB to metal specimens of amalgam, silver, tin and copper was studied using (6-3H)thymidine labeled cells. In the standard assay the metal specimens were suspended by a nylon thread in an adhesion solution containing a chemically defined bacterial growth medium (FMC), sucrose, and radiolabeled bacteria. Maximum amounts of adhering bacteria were obtained after about 100 min of incubation. Saturation of the metal specimens with bacteria was not observed. Both strains also adhered in the absence of sucrose, indicating that glucan formation was not necessary for adhesion. However, in the presence of glucose, adhesion was only 26-45% of that observed in the presence of equimolar sucrose. Sucrose-dependent stimulation of adhesion seemed to be due to increased cell-to-cell adhesion capacity. Isolated radiolabeled water-insoluble and water-soluble polysaccharides produced from sucrose by S. rattus BHT were not adsorbed to the metal surfaces. PMID- 3164906 TI - Erosive effect of a sport drink mixture with and without addition of fluoride and magnesium on the molar teeth of rats. AB - A sport drink mixture (pH 3.2), either as such or supplemented with 15 ppm F or 38.5 ppm Mg or both, was given to Osborne-Mendel rats as the only liquid for 42 days. The erosion was scored on the lingual surfaces of the first mandibular molar teeth. Sport drink caused marked erosion, but in the groups where fluoride, alone or with magnesium, was added to the drink, the erosion damages were less severe. Magnesium alone had no clear effect on erosion. Dental plaque, induced by a powdered diet containing 15% sucrose, seemed to modify the erosion process by covering a part of the enamel and thus protecting these areas from the direct effect of acidic drink. PMID- 3164908 TI - A 10-year follow-up study of the masticatory system after treatment with osseointegrated implant bridges. AB - Twenty-one patients with osseointegrated implant bridges (OIB), with an average age of 65 yr, were functionally examined at a 10-yr follow-up. Altogether 27 OIBs, supported by 138 fixtures, were examined. The examination comprised an anamnestic and clinical examination and registration of bite force. 90% of the patients were very satisfied with the outcome of the treatment. According to the anamnestic dysfunction index (Ai), 80% of the patients were symptom free in their masticatory system. The occlusal state was found to be good. Seventy-five percent of the patients were found to have only mild dysfunction of their masticatory system or to be symptomless according to the clinical dysfunction index (Di). The bite force ranged from 3 to 118 N at gentle biting, from 25 to 250 N at "biting as when chewing" and from 77.5 to 495.5 N at maximal bite force. On average the bite force had improved significantly at all bite-force levels tested compared to an examination 10 yr earlier. It is concluded that oral function in patients with OIBs is very favorable. PMID- 3164907 TI - Desquamative gingivitis responding to treatment with tetracycline: a pilot study. AB - We experienced remarkable regression of clinical signs and symptoms in three patients suffering from desquamative gingivitis, after treatment with 100 mg doxycycline monohydrate daily for 8 wk. The possible role of plaque substances as etiologic factors in the development or maintenance of desquamative gingivitis is postulated. PMID- 3164909 TI - Impression materials: effect of hydrophilicity and viscosity on ability to displace water from dentin surfaces. AB - The water-displacing ability of hydrophilic and hydrophobic impression materials was determined and related to the hydrophilicity and viscosity of the materials. The water-displacing ability of the materials was determined on a network of grooves in a dentin surface covered by a drop of water. After setting of the material, the number of crossings reproduced in the impression was calculated in percent of the total number of crossings. The hydrophilicity was assessed by measuring the contact angle between water and impression material. To determine viscosity, a rotoviscosimeter was used. Impression materials with contact angles less than 70 degrees showed a significant negative correlation between water displacing ability and contact angle, i.e. the reproducing ability decreased with decreasing hydrophilicity of the materials. Impression materials with contact angles above 70 degrees showed a significant positive correlation between water displacing ability and viscosity, i.e. the water-displacing ability improved with increasing viscosity. PMID- 3164910 TI - Ranking of histologic tissue responses in the biologic evaluation of dental materials. AB - Implantation tests are frequently used to evaluate biological properties of dental materials. The tissue reactions have been rated as no, slight, moderate and severe responses, mainly based on a quantitative assessment of the cellular response. The distinction between categories is subject to discussion, and interexaminer calibration is necessary to obtain reproducible results. This paper presents a statistical method of evaluating tissue reaction by ranking photographic prints representing histologic sections. Polyethylene tubes, carrying the materials, were implanted subcutaneously in guinea pigs. The tissue reactions at the tube ends, where the material was exposed to the tissue, were evaluated. Photographs of 20 histologic sections were selected. Five investigators from a scientific staff and five from a group of assisting personnel with minimal instruction ranked the reactions on the prints in increasing order of severity. Assisting personnel received 1 h of instruction before the ranking. Generally, the rank ordering of the different examiners showed good agreement. Qualitative histopathologic examination of the sections indicated a marked variation in the cellular response, which limits the value of the quantitative assessment. PMID- 3164911 TI - Characterization of human salivary beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase). AB - NAGase activity was studied in mixed whole, parotid, and submandibular saliva. The maximum activity of NAGase was found to be at pH 5.0. NAGase activity varied considerably among the subjects. The data indicated that a large portion of NAGase activity originates from oral microorganisms. NAGase activity was greatly reduced after heating for 45 min at 50 degrees C. The residual activity after storage at -20 degrees C was higher than the original activity. The enzyme activity was markedly diminished after the addition of Sn++ and Ag+ ions, while no activity was detected after the addition of Hg+ ion. PMID- 3164912 TI - Behaviour management problems in child dentistry. Frequency, therapy and prediction. PMID- 3164913 TI - Collective dose to the Swedish population from intraoral radiography. AB - In 1984 the Swedish National Institute of Radiation Protection (SSI) undertook an investigation (KAST) of 400 randomly selected dental offices to check the extent to which the new rules and recommendations concerning radiation protection (SSI 1978, 1980) were applied. Data for calculation of the energy imparted per bitewing examination of an adult were available. The information obtained was utilized for estimating the collective dose in Sweden from intraoral radiography. The mean value of the energy imparted from an ordinary bitewing examination was 0.48 mJ. The quotient between the sum of all imparted energy during 1984, 5,519 J, and the number of inhabitants in that year was 0.66 mJ. This corresponds to 1.5 ordinary bitewing examinations per individual in Sweden. The collective effective dose equivalent is 79 manSv after transformation from the total energy imparted. The average energy imparted from the annual natural irradiation in Sweden is 100 mJ, with variations between 35 and 350 mJ, giving totally to the population 830,000 J. The dose contribution from intraoral radiography is thus considered of minor importance when taking into account the variations of the natural irradiation as well as the benefit of the diagnostic gain in dentistry and the enhancement of public dental health. PMID- 3164914 TI - Differences in caries status and caries recording within and between two counties in Sweden. AB - One-hundred and seventy-six randomly selected 16-year-old children from six clinics in two neighbouring counties were examined by the dentists who see the patients every year, as well as by two calibrated examiners (two of the authors). Compared to the dentists, working in the dental clinics, the authors consistently noted a higher total caries score (DMFS + incipient lesions). The differences were statistically significant in four of the six clinics and most pronounced on incipient lesions. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in caries prevalence between the two counties. Possible explanations for the difference are resources available and efforts put into preventive dentistry. PMID- 3164915 TI - Periodontal health in Swedish professional musicians. AB - Periodontal health evaluated in terms of periodontal pocketing, tooth hypermobility and loss of teeth was studied and compared in musicians playing wind instruments and other instruments. 250 subjects aged 21-60 yr were examined. The number of teeth was high in both groups. No statistically significant differences between the groups were found with respect to pathological pockets or hypermobility. Regular playing of wind instruments did not seem to be associated with increased risk of deterioration in periodontal health. PMID- 3164916 TI - Diet in relation to number of remaining teeth in a population of middle-aged women in Gothenburg, Sweden. AB - An examination of the number of remaining teeth was performed in a sample of women representative of middle-aged women in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden. A dietary history was recorded in a subsample comprising altogether 437 women. When carrying out multivariate analyses of the total series, taking age into consideration as a background factor, significant correlations were observed between prevalence of edentulousness on one hand and intake of energy, fat and calcium on the other. Edentulous women had lower intake of ascorbic acid than other women. PMID- 3164918 TI - Mercury exposure from dental fillings. I. Mercury concentrations in blood and urine. PMID- 3164917 TI - Skin surface temperature over the temporomandibular joint and masseter muscle in patients with craniomandibular disorder. AB - Skin surface temperature was measured over the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and over the origin of the superficial portion of the masseter muscle in 59 patients with craniomandibular disorder of different character. Forty patients suffered from disorder of muscular origin, 11 from non-specific arthritis and 8 from symptomatic osteoarthrosis. The degree of mandibular dysfunction was estimated by the clinical dysfunction score and index. The temperature was measured by a thermistor applied to the skin. The clinical dysfunction score of the patients varied between 1 and 25 units. Eleven patients had a clinical dysfunction index of I, 22 had II and 26 had III. The temperature over the TMJ varied between 31.3 degrees C and 36.7 degrees C, and over the masseter muscle between 31.1 degrees C and 35.5 degrees C. The patients with unilateral tenderness to palpation of the TMJ and who were diagnosed to have TMJ arthritis had a higher skin surface temperature over the symptomatic than non-symptomatic joint. It was concluded that tenderness to palpation of the TMJ in patients with TMJ arthritis is associated with raised skin surface temperature over the joint. PMID- 3164919 TI - Mercury exposure from dental fillings. II. Release and absorption. PMID- 3164920 TI - [A more effective dental health care delivery system based on economic directions]. PMID- 3164921 TI - [Use of lasers in dental health care]. PMID- 3164923 TI - The transfusion committee: riding shotgun for the patient. PMID- 3164922 TI - [Continuing education of dentists--results obtained from a questionnaire]. PMID- 3164924 TI - [Pathological symptoms in juvenile periodontitis]. PMID- 3164925 TI - [The need for combined care by otologists and audiologists of persons with cleft palate]. PMID- 3164926 TI - [Cerebral bioelectric effects of pulpitis. 2. Clinical course]. PMID- 3164927 TI - [Width of attached gingiva in abnormal occlusion]. PMID- 3164928 TI - [The effects of heat treatment on cobalt base alloys]. PMID- 3164930 TI - [Analysis of ergonomic working conditions in dental offices in the Magdeburg district]. PMID- 3164929 TI - [Proposal for the definition of occlusal relations]. PMID- 3164931 TI - [Inauguration of a new building of the Dental Institute of the Berlin University on the Invalidenstrasse 87/89. A snapshot from 1912]. PMID- 3164932 TI - [Treatment of tooth fractures in the middle third of the root]. PMID- 3164933 TI - [Territorial considerations as a basis for scientific concepts of care]. PMID- 3164934 TI - [Cytotoxic testing of TiNx-coated dental alloys]. PMID- 3164935 TI - [Osseous localisation of sarcoidosis in midface. A rare case]. PMID- 3164936 TI - [Labial keratoacanthoma]. PMID- 3164937 TI - [Modified technique for the insertion of the perfusion catheter for the intraarterial chemotherapy of tongue cancer]. PMID- 3164938 TI - [Regional anesthesia in extended maxillofacial surgical interventions]. PMID- 3164940 TI - [Hemisection as a means of tooth preservation]. PMID- 3164941 TI - [Margin adaptation of Evicrol fillings in cementum and dentin cavities following different mechanical and chemical preparations]. PMID- 3164939 TI - [Suction system for dental-surgical interventions]. PMID- 3164942 TI - [Physical properties of Evicrol and other composite resins]. PMID- 3164944 TI - [An electronic device for measuring root canal length by AC]. PMID- 3164943 TI - [The clinical testing of amalgam filling and inlay]. PMID- 3164945 TI - [Iatrogenic fracture of the lower jaw]. PMID- 3164947 TI - [Long-term observation in Lichen ruber mucosa]. PMID- 3164946 TI - [Application of ultrasonics to osteotomy in the jaws and face]. PMID- 3164948 TI - [Macroglossia as an etiologic factor in evolution of a malocclusion]. PMID- 3164950 TI - [Pressure spiral ligature, an element in orthodontics for rotation of teeth]. PMID- 3164952 TI - [Color differences of carious and healthy dentin]. PMID- 3164949 TI - [Gingival extension with allogenic umbilical vein graft]. PMID- 3164953 TI - [Retrospective study on carcinomas of the oral cavity. Prognostic evaluation of the tumor size considering various regulations of the UICC on the T classification]. PMID- 3164951 TI - [Teeth discoloration by endodontic materials]. PMID- 3164954 TI - Information gathering helps you serve patients more completely. PMID- 3164956 TI - Human trials of AIDS vaccine. PMID- 3164955 TI - The kidney, hemodialysis, and CAPD. PMID- 3164957 TI - Canine splenic sarcomas with an osteosarcomatous component. PMID- 3164958 TI - [Characteristics of the course of acute leukemia in a patient with a hypoplastic hematopoietic state]. PMID- 3164959 TI - [On the problem of the cardiotoxicity of epirubicin-cisplatin]. AB - Cardiotoxicity is supposed to be the most important limiting factor in chemotherapy with anthracycline derivatives. The left ventricular ejection fraction was measured several times by means of radionuclid - scintigraphy in 24 patients treated with epirubicin - cisplatinum. Pathologic values have been found only in 3 patients, but no correlation with age, cumulative dose or dose/m2 of body surface could be demonstrated. PMID- 3164961 TI - Health implications of regional obesity. Proceedings of the fourth Acta Medica Scandinavica International Symposium. Goteborg, Sweden, September 16-18, 1987. PMID- 3164960 TI - Osteosarcoma. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies on alkaline phosphatase-positive tumor cells constituting a variety of histologic types. AB - The osteosarcomas were subclassified into osteoblastic, fibroblastic, chondroblastic and telangiectatic types and examined by electron microscopy. Their immunohistochemical reactions were also studied. In an overall survey of the above types, fibroblast-like cells revealed poorly developed cytoplasmic organelles with rather short, branching rough endoplasmic reticulum, mixed with osteoblast-like cells that were hardly distinguishable from the former. They appeared to be an early stage of an osteoblastic cell lineage from the distribution and development of their cell organelles and highly positive vimentin activity. The tumor cells in malignant cartilage varied in appearance from chondroblast-like to osteoblast-like cells. All types of tumor cells expressed alkaline phosphatase activity to a significant degree. Immunohistochemical staining showed a mixture of procollagen type I-positive cells among the cells positive for both procollagen type II and S-100 protein in the malignant cartilage. Irrespective of any ultrastructural differences between these various tumor cell types, they all revealed a significant degree of ALPase activity unlike other types of bone tumors, suggesting that the tumor cells which constitute the various types of osteosarcoma are derived from a common precursor cell. PMID- 3164962 TI - Obesity in the Scandinavian countries: prevalence and developmental trends. AB - In the population of Danish young men, whose height and weight have been measured at the draft boards since 1943, a sudden steep increase occurred after 1960 in the prevalence of severe obesity (body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 31 kg/m2). The increase appeared to be independent of height, homogeneous over the range of severe obesity, unaccompanied by any change in the psychosocial correlates, linked to the birth cohorts, and specific for the severely obese. The cause of the increase in prevalence must be of an environmental nature. Investigation of the developmental course through the school ages and distributional changes over time among school children suggests that the increase in prevalence of severe obesity among young men is due to an increased persistence of obesity through adolescence, which parallels the development of welfare conditions in this country. PMID- 3164964 TI - Regional body fat measurements with CT-scan and evaluation of anthropometric predictions. PMID- 3164963 TI - Sequence and regulation of two growth-hormone-controlled, sex-specific isozymes of cytochrome P-450 in rat liver, P-450(15)beta and P-450(16)alpha. AB - Full length cDNA clones for the sexually differentiated rat liver cytochrome P 450 isozymes 15 beta and 16 alpha have been isolated and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of P-450(15)beta is 66% homologous to that of P-450(16)alpha. Furthermore, either of these two cytochromes has a homology of about 50% with the major phenobarbital inducible form, cytochrome P-450b, while the homology with the major carcinogen inducible form, cytochrome P-450c, is less than 30%. Also, the homology of these two sex-dependent cytochromes with the developmentally regulated cytochrome P-450 isozymes f and PB-1 is about 70%. Therefore, it is concluded that P-450 isozymes 15 beta, 16 alpha, f, and PB-1 represent a subfamily within the phenobarbital related cytochrome P-450 gene family. Growth hormone is known to be a major determinant for expression of P-450(15)beta and P 450(16)alpha and the time course of this induction was studied at the pretranslational level. Continuous infusion of GH to hypophysectomized male rats caused an induction of P-450(15)beta mRNA after 6 days of treatment while intermittent injections had no effect during that time course. The opposite was found to be the case for P-450(16)alpha mRNA where no effect was observed following continuous administration of GH, whereas intermittent injections caused an induction after 2 days of treatment. PMID- 3164965 TI - Hazard of obesity--the Norwegian experience. AB - Ten years' follow-up of mortality of 1.7 million persons aged 15 years or more with measured body weight and height demonstrates a consistent correlation between body mass index and mortality. The risk function is an asymmetrical U function. This shape makes the determination of an optimum very uncertain. The two tails in the distribution of the body mass index show marked differences as to the causes of death: the lower tail is characterized by tuberculosis, lung cancer, obstructive lung diseases, and the upper tail by cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and (for males) colon cancer. PMID- 3164966 TI - Relationship of anthropometric measurements of body fat distribution to metabolic profile in premenopausal women. AB - Regional fat distribution has emerged as an independent predictor of metabolic aberrations including glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia and hypertension. We investigated the comparative efficacy of various body fat distribution indices in predicting these aberrations. The relationship of circumferential ratios, skinfold measurements, and computerized tomography (CT)-derived indices of intra- and extra-abdominal fat distribution to the metabolic variables and blood pressure was examined in a cohort of healthy premenopausal women. All indices denoting preponderance of fat in the central, upper body or abdominal region were predictive of the metabolic profile. The subscapular skinfold, subscapular-triceps ratio, waist-hip ratio (WHR), and the CT derived intra-abdominal fat area (CT-IFA) were closely related to alterations in glucose and insulin concentrations independent of age and obesity. The WHR and CT-IFA were better predictors of plasma triglyceride levels and blood pressure profile and thus the overall aberrations than skinfold measurements. Despite a high degree of intercorrelation between the anthropometric indices measured, only the relationship of WHR to CT-IFA remained significant after adjusting for the effects of age and degree of adiposity, suggesting that WHR indexes not only the relative distribution of truncal to gluteofemoral subcutaneous fat but also the abundance of intra-abdominal or visceral fat depots. The greater reproducibility of CT-IFA and WHR also suggests that these measurements are the most useful in predicting the regional obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities with their morbidity and mortality risks. PMID- 3164967 TI - Regional obesity and serum lipids in European women born in 1948. A multicenter study. AB - In five different cities in four European countries, women born in 1948 were randomly selected. Anthropometric measurements (i.e. circumferences and skinfolds) were taken. Serum lipids were determined in one laboratory. Different levels of waist circumferences gave different averages and distribution of waist/hip ratio, which confirms the need of precise standardization of these measurements. Women in southern parts of Europe were more overweight than in Northern Europe (partly due to selection bias in Naples) and, when adjusted for that, southern women had a more central distribution of fat (higher waist/thigh, lower triceps/subscapula). When data were pooled, circumference ratios were positively correlated with triglycerides and total cholesterol and negatively with HDL cholesterol. Occupation of husband and body mass index were associated with fat distribution and triglycerides and HDL cholesterol. In multiple regression fat distribution was still correlated with serum lipids but differences in serum lipids between countries did not diminish. PMID- 3164968 TI - Is body fat distribution changed by dieting? AB - Studies of fat distribution have generally relied on the ratio of circumference measurements, such as waist/hip, or waist/thigh. However, these circumferences do not increase at a uniform rate with increasing obesity, and fat is deposited relatively more in the antero-posterior axis of the trunk and limbs than laterally. With weight loss the waist/hip ratio does not change, but the waist/thigh ratio decreases. This is to be expected since in obesity there is a relatively greater deposition of fat at the waist than on the thighs. Serial studies of a small number of subjects with unusually large or small fat depots at particular sites suggest that these characteristics persist after weight loss. It is probable on theoretical grounds that (except in special cases, such as lactation) a similar proportion of fat is gained and lost in all fat depots, although the relative size of these depots differs between individuals. PMID- 3164969 TI - Can body fat patterning be changed? AB - Short- and long-term weight reduction programmes both resulted in a significant decrease in the waist/hip ratio (WHR) among obese premenopausal women. In matched groups of women with gynoid and android obesity, the latter demonstrated a greater decrease in WHR after 1 year's weight reduction and, at the same level of body weight loss, a consistently lower decrease in the lean body mass. Gluteal fat cells were found to empty at a slower rate than those in the abdominal region, particularly in gynoid obesity. After 1 year's weight reduction, the decrease in WHR correlated significantly with decreases in body weight, blood pressure and metabolic variables. Six months' physical training with and without reduction of body weight resulted in a significant decrease in WHR, while one-leg exercise caused a local decrease in the circumference of the trained leg. Reduction of flatulence in obese men was also found to be associated with decreased WHR. PMID- 3164971 TI - Hazards of obesity--the Framingham experience. AB - Measurements of height, weight, skinfolds and waist girth were used as indicators of general and regional obesity in the Framingham study population of 5,209 men and women. Mean values of cholesterol, blood pressure, blood glucose and uric acid increased with increasing body mass index (BMI). Weight gain was associated with increases and weight loss with decreases in these risk factors. Cigarette smoking was more prevalent in men and women with low quintile BMI. Upper quintile values of BMI, subscapular skinfolds, and waist girth were associated with increased relative risks of death from all causes, coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease but relative risks for intermittent claudication were not increased. General and central obesity each made independent contributions to risk of CHD but central obesity was a better predictor in males. BMI, cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and blood glucose were significantly independent predictors of CHD. These data show that increased relative weight and central obesity are associated with elevated levels of risk factors, with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and with increased death rates for all causes combined. Mortality rates are also increased among the leanest members of the population, especially among older men. PMID- 3164970 TI - Surgical treatment of regional adiposity. Lipectomy versus surgically induced weight loss. AB - Recognition of abdominal fat distribution as a significant risk factor raised the question whether surgical treatment of regional adiposity might be feasible or desirable. This is a review of cosmetic and therapeutic lipectomy in man and experimental lipectomy in rodents examining morphologic and metabolic aspects as well as conditions for growth and regrowth of adipose tissue. Potentially detrimental metabolic effects of lipectomy are discussed in the context of the "metabolic sink" hypothesis. Data are also presented on the distribution of weight loss after gastrointestinal surgery for morbid obesity. An obesity-related "elephantiasis" syndrome in superobese men is described. "Giant lipectomy" in one such case, removing a record 50 kg during one operation, with pre- and postoperative determination of body fat is reported. It is concluded that lipectomy is not a treatment for obesity with very rare exceptions. Regrowth of adipose tissue is possible under special circumstances. Surgically induced massive weight loss does not seem to cause preferential regional weight loss, though risk-reducing beneficial metabolic effects are achieved after gastrointestinal obesity surgery. PMID- 3164972 TI - Importance of the regional distribution of the adipose tissue--concluding remarks. PMID- 3164973 TI - Do anthropometric differences between Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites explain ethnic differences in metabolic variables? PMID- 3164974 TI - Regional obesity as a health hazard in men--prospective studies. AB - Cross-sectional studies have shown that a central distribution of adipose tissue is associated with increased risk of metabolic complications and cardiovascular morbidity. Four prospective studies in men are reviewed and they consistently indicate that central adipose tissue distribution is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and its predictive contribution seems almost to be in the same order as for the major risk factors for CHD. In one study there is an indication of decreasing predictive power of central adipose tissue distribution for CHD with increasing age. Abdominal adipose tissue distribution is also a risk factor for stroke, diabetes and sickness absenteeism, and for all cause mortality. It seems, however, not to be a predictor of degree of well-being in general. The question of causality is not solved but indices of adipose tissue distribution should be included in future observational and experimental studies in this field. PMID- 3164975 TI - Stress, hypothalamic function and neuroendocrine consequences. AB - The physiology of the emotional response patterns to "stressful" psychosocial stimuli is surveyed. These limbic-hypothalamic patterns are basically designed to protect the individual and species from adverse environmental influences in primitive life. Their expressions always form a triad, with a situation-specific "somatomotor"-behavioural link, a "visceromotor"-autonomic and a hormonal link, the latter two adjusting inner organs, metabolism, water-salt balance, etc., to provide optimal support to the behavioural expression. Because of their uniformity throughout species, animal experiments have greatly contributed to our understanding of how these responses may also importantly contribute to common disorders in modern society, at least when intensely and/or commonly evoked. Thanks to our more advanced neocortex, man differs here from animals mainly in two ways. First, we learn to cope with some environmental stimuli and thus delimit undue emotional engagements; second, when once elicited we can often suppress the behavioural link, when this is socially appropriate. As we cannot suppress the autonomic-hormonal links, however, they then occur more or less "in vain", and such socially enforced dissociations of per se normal response patterns may not in the long run be healthy. Finally, the better known among these differentiated responses are briefly outlined, with particular emphasis on the potentially most important ones, the "defence reaction" and the "defeat reaction". PMID- 3164977 TI - Treatment of type III hyperlipoproteinemia with gemfibrozil to retard progression of coronary artery disease. AB - Eight type III hyperlipoproteinemic (type III HLP), homozygous E 2/2 patients were enrolled in two periods of long-term diet-gemfibrozil treatment. The combined therapy resulted in highly significant decreases in their low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very-low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very-low density lipoprotein triglycerides, and increases in their high-density lipoprotein cholesterol during the first treatment period of 24 to 28 months. Type III HLP reasserted itself following an 8-week interruption of gemfibrozil therapy. Resumption of gemfibrozil therapy again lowered the high lipid lipoprotein concentrations of these patients toward normal. Tuboeruptive xanthomata, palmar xanthoma, and xanthoma striata palmare subsided with treatment. Follow-up coronary arteriograms performed 2.5 to 3.0 years after initiation of diet-drug treatment showed stabilization of coronary arterial lesions, which was associated with improvement in exercise tolerance. PMID- 3164976 TI - Regional obesity and coronary artery atherosclerosis in females: a non-human primate model. AB - The relationships between regional obesity, atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis risk factors were studied in female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). In a retrospective necropsy study it was found that females with relatively high central: peripheral fat deposition had three times more extensive coronary artery atherosclerosis. In a second experiment it was found that females with high central fat ratios and females with high levels of whole body obesity were relatively hyperglycemic. In a third experiment it was found that females with relatively high whole body obesity, and females with relatively central fat deposition had higher blood pressures. Females with relatively central fat deposition had higher total and lower high density lipoprotein plasma cholesterol concentrations, and exacerbated coronary artery atherosclerosis. Social subordinates were more likely to exhibit a central fat deposition pattern than dominants. These findings suggest that female cynomolgus macaques may be a potential animal model of the health impact of regional obesity. PMID- 3164978 TI - Effects of low-dose cranial radiation on growth hormone secretory dynamics and hypothalamic-pituitary function. AB - Spontaneous growth hormone (GH) secretory dynamics and hypothalamic-pituitary function were studied in 16 long-term survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia who were aged 9 to 15 1/2 years and had been treated with prophylactic central nervous system radiation and combined chemotherapy. At the time of study, the mean height was -1.5 SD score below the mean, less than genetic potential, and significantly less than the mean pretreatment height of -0.25 SD score. Height velocity was subnormal for age and sexual stage in all patients. Two patients had compensated hypothyroidism, and four had evidence of gonadal failure. In 11 patients, the peak GH level after two provocative tests was below 10 micrograms/L, which was consistent with GH deficiency. In ten of 13 patients tested, spontaneous GH secretion determined by a 24-hour GH concentration (GHC), GH pulse amplitude, frequency of GH pulses greater than or equal to 5 micrograms/L, and GH peak during wake and sleep hours was significantly less than in normal height controls. Although in three pubertal patients the 24-hour GHC was within normal limits, the GHC during sleep hours, GH pulse amplitude during 24 hours and sleep hours, and peak GH during wake hours were significantly less than in normal height controls. In all pubertal and in two of the prepubertal patients, the somatomedin C (SmC) level was significantly less than in controls. The 24-hour GHC correlated well with the GHC during sleep, peak-stimulated GH level, gonadal steroid level, and the SmC level, but not with height velocity, dose of radiation, or age at radiation. A significant increase in height velocity and the SmC level was noted in all patients treated with GH. These results indicate that GH deficiency occurs after 18 to 24 Gy of cranial radiation and that the puberty-associated growth spurt may mask the decline in height velocity owing to GH deficiency. In some patients treated with cranial radiation, a subtle dysregulation in spontaneous GH secretion may exist despite a normal GH response to provocative testing. PMID- 3164979 TI - Simultaneous expression of lymphoid and myeloid phenotypes in acute leukemia arising from myelodysplastic syndrome. AB - A 57-year-old female developed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) that terminated as a biphenotypic leukemia after exposure to chemoradiotherapy. Double staining of blast cells, using monoclonal antibodies specific for myeloid and lymphoid lineage, demonstrated that one-third of the leukemic cells simultaneously expressed the E rosette-associated antigen (OKT11) and myeloid-associated antigen (MY7). This finding suggests the possibility that some cases of MDS are clonal disorders that arise in a pluripotent stem cell that can also differentiate to T cell lineage. PMID- 3164980 TI - Cefotetan-induced anaphylaxis. AB - Three cases of anaphylactic reactions associated with the use of intravenous cefotetan as surgical prophylaxis for cesarean section (two cases) and transabdominal hysterectomy (one case) are presented. Comprehensive review of these cases revealed no evidence of lot-specific association, drug-drug interaction, or methodologic variance. During the 4-month interval that cefotetan was selectively used for surgical prophylaxis at our hospital, we observed a 1.4% incidence of anaphylactic hypersensitivity reactions associated with its use. PMID- 3164981 TI - Treatment of preeclampsia with prostaglandin A1. AB - The vasodepressor prostaglandin A1 appeared to offer a major clinical potential solution in cases of severe pregnancy-induced hypertension. Thirty pregnant women with severe pregnancy-induced hypertension and a low Bishop score were studied in three equal groups. Group 1 received prostaglandin A1 infusions alone (0.5 microgram/kg/min for a maximum of 24 hours). Group 2 had received initial priming by prostaglandin E2 vaginal gel 6 hours before the onset of the prostaglandin A1 infusion, and group 3 was treated by conventional therapy and oxytocin induction. In the first two groups blood pressure was reduced to normotensive values, and labor was induced satisfactorily in 15 of the 20 cases, but four patients in group 1 were delivered within 24 hours after infusion. Group 2 offered the most favorable results because 80% were delivered during the infusion; thus the postinfusion rebound rise in blood pressure was avoided. Group 3 presented the least acceptable results, with the highest failure rate and an increased number of operative deliveries. PMID- 3164982 TI - Response of human immunodeficiency virus-associated uveitis to zidovudine. AB - A patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection developed chronic iridocyclitis and anterior vitritis that were poorly responsive to topical and systemic corticosteroid therapy. Anterior chamber paracentesis was performed and HIV was isolated from culture of aqueous humor. Subsequent treatment with oral zidovudine resulted in resolution of the iridocyclitis and vitritis and full functional recovery of the eye. This case suggests that HIV may be a cause of uveitis responsive to systemic zidovudine therapy. PMID- 3164983 TI - Topical imipenem therapy of aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas keratitis in rabbits. AB - We used a rabbit model of bacterial keratitis to assess in vivo efficacy of topical imipenem, a highly potent beta-lactam antibiotic with an unusually broad spectrum of activity, including aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Albino rabbits received intrastromal injections of 5 x 10(2) organisms of an aminoglycoside-resistant strain of P. aeruginosa. At five hours postinoculation, imipenem (5 mg/ml) therapy was initiated using one drop per 30 minutes for 12 hours. Corneal tissue was then excised for colony forming unit counts. Imipenem was highly effective in reducing colony forming unit counts to zero in comparison to 4.1 x 10(5) organisms for untreated controls. A second regimen beginning 24 hours postinoculation of one drop per hour for 24 hours was also successful in significantly reducing colony forming units vs controls (P less than .05). These data suggest that topical imipenem may have clinical applicability in the treatment of P. aeruginosa keratitis. PMID- 3164984 TI - Somatization and depression in fibromyalgia syndrome. AB - Psychiatric diagnoses, self-reports of symptoms, and illness behavior of 20 fibromyalgia patients and 23 rheumatoid arthritis patients were compared. The fibromyalgia patients were not significantly more likely than the arthritis patients to report depressive symptoms or to receive a lifetime psychiatric diagnosis of major depression. These results do not support the contention that fibromyalgia is a form of somatized depression. Fibromyalgia patients, however, reported significantly more somatic symptoms of obscure origin and exhibited a pattern of reporting more somatic symptoms, multiple surgical procedures, and help seeking that may reflect a process of somatization rather than a discrete psychiatric disorder. PMID- 3164986 TI - [Value of serum markers and clinical signs for the diagnosis of cancer of the pancreas]. PMID- 3164985 TI - [Hippias's triumph]. PMID- 3164987 TI - In vitro activity of lomefloxacin (SC-47111; NY-198), a difluoroquinolone 3 carboxylic acid, compared with those of other quinolones. AB - Lomefloxacin (SC-47111; NY-198) is a new difluoroquinolone agent. It inhibited 90% of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Aeromonas spp., Yersinia spp., Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. Lomefloxacin inhibited 90% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 4 micrograms/ml. Lomefloxacin was equal in activity to norfloxacin against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae but was twofold less active against Proteus spp., Providencia spp., Serratia marcescens, Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp. Ofloxacin was generally 2 to 4-fold more active, and ciprofloxacin was 4- to 16-fold more active. Lomefloxacin inhibited Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant isolates, but MICs for 90% of streptococcal species tested were 8 micrograms/ml. In the presence of 9 mM Mg2+, MICs for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were increased, as they were when they were tested in urine. A single-step increase in resistance to eightfold above the MIC occurred at a frequency of less than 10(-10), but serial transfer of bacteria in the presence of the agent produced MIC increases. Lomefloxacin had activity and properties comparable to those of many of the new quinolones. PMID- 3164988 TI - Effect of ursodeoxycholate on the biliary excretion of cefotiam and sulbenicillin in patients with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. AB - The effects of ursodeoxycholate administration on the biliary excretion of the antibiotics cefotiam and sulbenicillin were studied in five patients with stable hepatic function receiving percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for obstructive jaundice. Cefotiam (I g) and sulbenicillin (2 g) were administered intravenously before and after ursodeoxycholate administration, and the maximum concentrations of the antibiotics in the bile and total amounts excreted in the bile during the 4 h after administration were determined. After ursodeoxycholate administration, both the maximum concentration of cefotiam in the bile and the amount excreted increased significantly. Ursodeoxycholate also increased the peak concentration and total excretion of sulbenicillin. For both cefotiam and sulbenicillin, the amount of antibiotic excreted in the bile during the 4 h after administration showed a significant correlation with the amount of bile acids excreted in the bile. This strongly suggests a common mechanism for the biliary excretion of these antibiotics and bile acids. Ursodeoxycholate administration is a benign way to increase both the concentration and the total amount of antibiotic excreted in the bile. Therefore, it may be useful in the treatment of serious biliary tract infections, especially in patients receiving biliary drainage. PMID- 3164991 TI - Interdependency of food and water intake in humans. AB - The temporal and quantitative relationship between food and water intake and the effect of fluid restriction on voluntary food intake were studied in 20 male subjects over two 48-h periods. Food intake was limited to specific mealtimes, but subjects could eat as much as they wanted during these times. Drinking was ad libitum in one condition, and limited by about 40% of ad libitum drinking in the other condition. Approximately 68% of all drinking occurred when food was available at mealtimes when drinking was ad libitum. When fluid intake was limited, subjects voluntarily reduced their food intake. Food acceptability, as measured by hedonic ratings, was not significantly affected by fluid restriction even though food intake was significantly reduced. The intensity rating of thirst was negatively correlated with food intake. Indirect comparisons are drawn with eating and drinking relationships in non-human species. PMID- 3164990 TI - Fat aversion in eating disorders. AB - Patients with eating disorders are reported to show an irrational dislike of starchy foods, sometimes described as a "carbohydrate phobia". In the present study, food-related attitudes and self-reported food preferences of women patients with anorexia nervosa (N = 13), anorexia with bulimia (N = 16) and bulimia (N = 14) were mapped using multidimensional scaling (MDS) procedures and compared to those of normal-weight controls (N = 49). Sixteen common food names were rated along 9-point category scales for their nutritional similarity, perceived macronutrient content, caloric density and overall nutritional value. MDS (SINDSCAL) and property fitting (PROFIT) procedures revealed that eating disorder patients associated calories with fat content to a greater extent than did controls, and tended to dislike high-fat foods. In contrast, no differences in perceptions or preferences for carbohydrate foods were observed. Anorectic restrictor patients showed the most rigid attitude structure, expressing preferences only for the lowest calorie and the most nutritious foods. The present multivariate techniques of mapping perceptual space may help to distinguish between diagnostic subgroups in studies of eating disorders. PMID- 3164989 TI - Ciprofloxacin therapy of experimental endocarditis caused by methicillin susceptible or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Ciprofloxacin was more effective (P less than 0.01) than either imipenem or nafcillin therapy of experimental methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in rabbits after 2 or 3 days of treatment. There was no significant difference between results of treatment of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus experimental endocarditis with ciprofloxacin and results with the combination of nafcillin and gentamicin. Ciprofloxacin was more effective (P less than 0.01) than vancomycin therapy of experimental methicillin-resistant S. aureus endocarditis after 3 days of treatment. After 5 days of treatment, there was no significant difference between the results of treatment of experimental methicillin-resistant S. aureus endocarditis with ciprofloxacin and results with vancomycin. PMID- 3164993 TI - ADA experts discuss AIDS and students. PMID- 3164992 TI - Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo activity of a hybrid composed of ricin B chain barley ribosome-inactivating protein. AB - In our continued studies on hybrid proteins for use as cytotoxins and possible suicide transport agents, we have begun to investigate the use of ribosome inactivating proteins (RIP) isolated from grain. The RIP from barley has been purified to homogeneity by modifications of the methods of Roberts and Selitrennikoff and crosslinked to the binding subunit B of the seed toxin ricin (RTB). The resulting hybrid was purified by a combination of gel filtration and affinity chromatography on acid-washed Sepharose 4B. This model suicide transport agent was assayed in vitro against K-562 cells and was found to be cytotoxic in a dose-dependent manner (ID50 = 0.15 micrograms/ml). Lactose inhibited the toxicity of the hybrid, indicating that cytotoxicity was dependent on the cell binding property of the ricin B moiety. In addition, free RIP and free ricin B, either alone or in combination, were nontoxic over this concentration range. The in vivo effects of the RTB-RIP hybrid were assessed by pressure microinjection into the vagus nerves of rats. Injection of 0.18 to 6.5 micrograms of conjugate resulted in death of vagal sensory but not motor neurons after 3-17 days. The cytotoxic changes in vagal sensory neurons were identical to those previously observed with a variety of RIP toxins such as ricin. PMID- 3164995 TI - Students respond to AIDS survey. PMID- 3164994 TI - Justin Nuff and the case of the sun queen's syncope. PMID- 3164996 TI - Effects of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine on the deoxynucleotide triphosphate pools of cultured human cells. AB - The effects of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) on the deoxynucleotide pools of three human cell lines, HL-60, H-9, and K-562, were determined. The corresponding ED50s for inhibition of cell growth were 670, 100, and 100 microM AZT. In all three lines, exposure to 200 microM AZT caused dTTP and dGTP initially to fall and then to return towards control levels. In contrast to a previous report [Furman et al., (1986) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 8333-8337], dCTP levels increased. Pools of dATP were relatively unchanged. Qualitatively similar changes occurred in 10 microM AZT, but recovery was faster than at 200 microM AZT. After 24 hrs incubation with 200 microM AZT, AZT-5'-MP reached 2.8, 4.7, and 15.7 mM in the HL-60, H-9, and K-562 cells, respectively. When HL-60 and K-562 cells incubated in AZT were resuspended in fresh medium, AZT-5'-MP pools declined with respective t1/2 values equal to 34 and 68 min. The concentration of thymidine, and to a lesser extent deoxyuridine, increased in the media of treated cells. AZT 5'-MP was found in the media of cells treated with AZT. PMID- 3164997 TI - Protein kinase C activity and reactivity to phorbol ester in vascular smooth muscle from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). AB - Protein kinase C (PKC) activity in aortic and renal arterial smooth muscle from SHR (20-23 wk male; mean arterial pressure = 178 mm Hg) and WKY (age/sex matched; mean arterial pressure = 126 mm Hg) was quantitated. Activity was greatest in the particulate fractions relative to the soluble fractions in all sources. The only difference between SHR and WKY was in the soluble fraction from SHR renal arteries, which had 2 fold more activity (255 pmol/mg/min) when compared with WKY (136 pmol/mg/min). This difference was not apparently related to force modulation, since the magnitude of isometric force development in renal arteries in response to phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate was not different between SHR and WKY. The magnitude of force developed in response to phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate and PKC activity in the particulate fraction was greatest in aorta vs. renal arteries in both WKY and SHR. These results suggest that regional vascular differences in the amount of PKC activity may exist which are not apparently related to a disease state (i.e., hypertension). These differences may be related to differential sensitivity to phorbol ester-mediated contractions in isolated smooth muscle. PMID- 3164998 TI - Differential effects of flavonoids as inhibitors of tyrosine protein kinases and serine/threonine protein kinases. AB - The inhibitory potencies of bioflavonoids on various tyrosine protein kinases and serine/threonine protein kinases were investigated. The phosphotransferase activity of an oncogene product, pp130fps, and a growth factor receptor, insulin receptor, were inhibited by myricetin, a derivative of quercetin. However, tyrosine kinase activity in the particulate fraction from human platelets (PM TPK) was resistant to myricetin. Apparent Ki values of myricetin for tyrosine protein kinases of pp130fps and insulin receptor were 1.8 and 2.6 microM, respectively. The Ki values for serine/threonine kinase activities of myosin light chain kinase (MLC-kinase), casein kinase I, casein kinase II, cAMP dependent protein kinase, and protein kinase C were 1.7 microM, 9.0 microM, 0.6 microM, 27.5 microM, and 12.1 microM, respectively. Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed that myricetin competitively inhibits pp130fps tyrosine kinase, myosin light chain kinase, casein kinase I and II with ATP, but does not inhibit other protein kinases. Since myricetin is a hydroxylated derivative of quercetin, the inhibitory effects of a series of seven flavonoids with various numbers of hydroxy residues were examined. Structure activity studies exhibited that the inhibitory potencies of the flavonoids for tyrosine kinases of pp130fps and insulin receptor correlated with the number of hydroxy residues on the flavone rings (gamma = 0.974 and 0.926, respectively), whereas the hydroxylation influenced to a lesser extent the inhibitory potencies for serine/threonine protein kinase. The hydroxy residues at position 3' and 5' did not affect the activities of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and protein kinase C, and the hydroxylation at position 5' is detrimental for the inhibition of MLC-kinase, and casein kinase I and II. Thus, flavonoids may be useful tools to elucidate the active site of tyrosine and serine/threonine protein kinases. PMID- 3164999 TI - Prolymphocytic transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3165000 TI - Knowledge of AIDS and related behavior change among unmarried adults in a low prevalence city. AB - Interviews regarding AIDS knowledge and related behavior change were conducted with a random sample of 409 unmarried individuals 18-39 years of age in Richmond, Virginia, between March 18 and April 3, 1987. Eight percent of the sample described themselves as "gay" or "bisexual," 92% as "heterosexual" (or "straight"). Key variables were knowledge of AIDS and HIV testing, level of concern for self, and changes in sexual behavior. Sixty-five percent of sexually active nonmonogamous individuals reported changing their behavior because of concern about AIDS; an additional 8% reported that they were already being careful. Fifty-two percent of those who changed their behavior reported having fewer sexual partners, and 51% were learning more about potential partners than before the AIDS crisis. Thirty-seven percent were using condoms to minimize risk. The level of concern for self was strongly associated with behavior change; of sexually active nonmonogamous individuals who were "very concerned" for themselves, 80% reported changes in sexual behavior. A multiple linear regression analysis indicated that three independent variables with significant F scores explained 17% of the variance in behavior change; the amount of knowledge about AIDS did not distinguish between those who had changed and those who had not. The level of concern was the most influential independent variable, explaining 12% of the variance. PMID- 3165001 TI - Cholesterol in the plasma very low density lipoprotein fraction in patients with type III hyperlipoproteinemia: analysis of factors which modulate its concentration. AB - Anthropometric data, plasma lipoprotein lipid levels, and post-heparin lipoprotein lipase (PHLPL) activity were measured in nine patients with type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) and two hypocholesterolemic subjects with the apo-E2/2 phenotype. Five type III HLP patients were treated with clofibrate. Log PHLPL activity was inversely correlated (r = -0.667, p less than 0.05) and age was positively correlated (r = 0.706, p less than 0.05) with cholesterol levels in the VLDL fraction of plasma from type III HLP patients. The correlation between log PHLPL and VLDL cholesterol levels remained significant when age was held constant in partial correlation analysis. Together age and log PHLPL activity accounted for 77% of individual variation in VLDL cholesterol levels in the type III patients. Clofibrate treatment raised PHLPL activity (+48%, p less than 0.05) and reduced the levels of VLDL cholesterol (-67%, P less than 0.05), VLDL triglycerides (-40%, P less than 0.02), and the ratio cholesterol/triglyceride in VLDL (-50%, P less than 0.05) in five type III HLP patients. Mean PHLPL activity was higher in the hypocholesterolemic subjects with the apo-E2/2 phenotype compared to the type III HLP patients. These results suggest that lipoprotein lipase activity and factors associated with age modulate the levels of abnormal and atherogenic remnant particles (beta-VLDL) in the VLDL plasma fraction of type III HLP patients. PMID- 3165002 TI - Central nervous system involvement in HIV infection. AB - Central nervous system (CNS) involvement occurs frequently in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but at present only a few reports have addressed the analysis of intrathecal IgG synthesis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients with no signs of HIV-related neurologic syndromes. In this study, intrathecal IgG synthesis was investigated using several techniques in patients with different stages of HIV infection and then correlated with the state of the blood-brain barrier. Almost all patients had specific anti-HIV IgG synthesis within the CNS, suggesting the presence of HIV in the brain. These findings further stress that direct CNS infection occurs early in the course of systemic virus spread. PMID- 3165003 TI - Prognostic importance of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus by recombinant immunoassay and Western blot techniques in HIV antibody-positive hemophiliacs. AB - Antibodies to specific HIV viral antigens were measured by ELISA recombinant proteins representing gag and env amino acid sequences of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (E. I. du Pont de Nemours, Wilmington, DE) and by a Western blot system using biotinavidin detection (Biotech Research Labs, Rockville, MD) on 36 HIV antibody-positive hemophiliacs (HTLV-III ELISA, du Pont) on whom date of seroconversion was known and on whom serial samples where available between 1977 and 1986, representing 2-8 years following seroconversion. The 36 included 9 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 27 non-AIDS (7 AIDS-related complex (ARC); 4 other HIV class IV, 16 asymptomatic) patients. The development of AIDS was preceded 1-4 years by loss or lack of antibody to gag (p15, 24, or 55) and/or to pol (p31, 53, or 64), each p less than 0.001, compared with non-AIDS patients. Correlation between Western blot and recombinant assays was good except in one Western blot p24 (gag) only seroconverter who showed strong reactivity to env by recombinant assay. In conclusion, HIV antibody patterns appear to show prognostic significance in HIV-infected hemophiliacs. PMID- 3165005 TI - Report of the Dental Review Working Party. PMID- 3165004 TI - Progress for fluoridation. PMID- 3165006 TI - 'An unusual fracture of a denture clasp due to contact with liquid mercury'. PMID- 3165007 TI - Sugar in crisps, nuts and savoury snacks. PMID- 3165008 TI - 'The electronic detection of demineralisation in occlusal fissures'. PMID- 3165009 TI - Reasons given for extraction of permanent teeth by general dental practitioners in England and Wales. PMID- 3165010 TI - Differences in dental caries experience in 14-year-old children in fluoridated South Birmingham and in Bolton in 1987. PMID- 3165011 TI - Factors affecting the onset and severity of pain following the surgical removal of unilateral impacted mandibular third molar teeth. PMID- 3165012 TI - Eosinophilic granuloma presenting as inferior alveolar nerve anaesthesia. PMID- 3165013 TI - Resilient soft liners and tissue conditioners. PMID- 3165014 TI - A film and cassette holder for simultaneous xeroradiography and conventional radiography in longitudinal studies. PMID- 3165015 TI - Observations on the recovery of sensation following inferior alveolar nerve injuries. AB - The recovery of sensation to the lower lip and chin following unilateral inferior alveolar or mental nerve injuries has been examined in 21 adult patients for periods of up to 45 months. Sensory testing was performed using light touch, pin prick and thermal stimuli as well as testing for sharp/blunt differentiation, localisation and two-point discrimination. The area of anaesthesia to light touch stimuli had disappeared by 4 months after nerve compression and by 3.5-8 months after nerve section, but persisted after nerve section if nerve regeneration was impeded. In this latter group there was a significant reduction (mean 65%) in the area of anaesthesia by 1 year post injury and this would be consistent with the development of a collateral reinnervation. Nerve section injuries and 46% of the nerve compression injuries resulted in a persistent sensory abnormality. The tests most likely to reveal this abnormality were localisation, pin prick threshold and two-point discrimination. PMID- 3165016 TI - The stability of the lower labial segment following surgical correction of Class III skeletal discrepancy. AB - There has been some controversy over the post-operative changes that may take place in tooth position following orthognathic surgery. The present study was designed to observe the changes that take place in the position of the incisors following surgery to correct class III skeletal discrepancies. It was found that the postoperative changes that occur in the axial inclination of the lower incisors are small enough to be clinically insignificant, provided an adequate overbite has been established. Any changes that do occur will probably be associated with a small increase in the mandibular maxillary planes angle, with possibly some upper incisor proclination and reduction of overbite. PMID- 3165017 TI - A comparative study of psychosocial data on patients with maxillofacial injuries in an urban population--a preliminary study. AB - A retrospective study of 75 patients who had sustained maxillofacial injuries was undertaken. These patients were assigned to one of three equal groups consisting of firstly, patients whose injuries had been inflicted by a person who had an established personal relationship to the victim, secondly, where the assailant was completely unknown to the victim, and thirdly, a group where inter-personal conflict was not involved. Psychological, social and clinical data was collected and analysed. A profile emerged of a patient who is 'at risk' from assault by a person well known to them. Two thirds of the victims were female; the victims were exclusively from social classes IV and V, and half of the victims had a previous record of assault against their person. Psychological indices of neuroticism were also higher in this group. This group of patients should be identified, and special consideration offered, including family support and referral to social workers, in addition to alerting their general medical practitioners. PMID- 3165019 TI - The prevalence of cleft lip and plate in Japanese. AB - To determine the prevalence of cleft lip and palate (CL/P) among the Japanese, 43,821 babies born between 1 January, 1985, and 31 December, 1985, were investigated. Sixty-four infants (0.146%) were found to demonstrate these abnormalities, a birth prevalence rate of 1.46/1000. Among 326 infants in whom it was possible to classify the types of cleft, born between 1 January, 1981, and 31 December, 1985, there were 111 (34.0%) with cleft lip (CL), 154 (47.3%) with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and 61 (18.7%) with cleft palate (CP). PMID- 3165018 TI - Lymphangitis carcinomatosa of the lungs. An unusual complication of oral cancer. AB - Lymphangitis carcinomatosa is a rare form of pulmonary metastasis. According to the literature only one case of oral cancer has previously been reported as the primary site. The diagnosis can be difficult to reach because the symptoms, as in this case, are often suggestive of heart failure or pneumonia. PMID- 3165021 TI - Multiple brain abscesses secondary to dental caries and severe periodontal disease. AB - A case is reported in which an intra-oral focus of sepsis is thought to have resulted in the patient developing multiple brain abscesses without the presence of lung infection or cardiac valvular disease. The link between the two sites of infection is supported by the isolation of two Streptococcus viridans species normally associated with dental caries and periodontal disease. The management of multiple brain abscesses is discussed. PMID- 3165020 TI - Idiopathic paralysis of the palate in childhood. AB - Idiopathic paralysis of the palate in childhood is an entity of unknown cause which resolves spontaneously and which affects mainly male children in their second and third years. Viral and vascular hypotheses have been proposed in order to explain its genesis. The authors report a case of this rare illness. PMID- 3165022 TI - Extraskeletal osteogenic sarcoma occurring in the tongue. AB - A case of osteogenic sarcoma of the tongue is described occurring 25 years following radiotherapy for a squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 3165024 TI - Scurvy--a disease not only of historical interest. AB - In the 1980's scurvy is rare. The majority of patients are at the two extremes of age, being either young children or elderly persons, who have faulty diets of milk products without fresh fruits or vegetables. Such a case, a 2.5 year-old boy, is presented and discussed. Blood dyscrasias, anaemias and osteoporosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 3165023 TI - Immediate obturation for partial maxillectomy. AB - Modifications of the split maxillectomy prosthesis, secured with a transnasal wire, are recommended to ensure ease of obturation of the surgical cavity and, subsequently, rapid replacement of the original stent. PMID- 3165025 TI - Reproducibility of cephalometric measurements. AB - This cephalometric study was undertaken to compare and contrast the errors involved in taking linear and angular measurements using three different methods; hand instruments on tracings, digitization of tracings, and direct digitization of the radiographs. Of the three methods direct digitization of the radiographs proved to be the most reproducible particularly with angular measurements, although statistically significant differences were rarely found. Tracings were advantageous only with linear measurements involving constructed points such as Gonion and Articulare. Traditional methods of measurement using a ruler and protractor compared well with computer based methods involving the digitizer. PMID- 3165026 TI - A little distal archery. AB - Two instances are described in which the cutting of distal sections of archwires using current clinical methods has proved hazardous. PMID- 3165027 TI - Stabilization of functional treatment: the Waveney Goal Post Appliance. AB - The Waveney Goal Post Appliance was designed to stabilize the second supportive phase of Clark's Twin Block therapy (1982). It is to be worn full time and is simple to construct, and well tolerated. It can be used to stabilize the dentition following most forms of functional treatment. PMID- 3165028 TI - Removable retainers: a modification of the Barrer appliance. AB - A useful modification of the Barrer appliance is described to enable final positioning and retention following treatment in both upper and lower arches. PMID- 3165029 TI - Partially deregulated-professionally responsible. PMID- 3165030 TI - British Orthodontic Certification Board. PMID- 3165031 TI - Fracture of polycarbonate brackets--a related photoelastic stress analysis. AB - In clinical use polycarbonate edgewise bracket designs, patterned on metallic predecessors, have demonstrated slot-wing fracture. A preliminary two-dimensional photoelastic stress investigation is described in which two bracket designs, without angles in the edgewise slot component, are subjected to simulated palatal root torque mechanics. PMID- 3165032 TI - Influence of prostaglandins on unidirectional zinc fluxes across the small intestine of the rat. AB - 1. The regulatory role of prostaglandins (PGs) E2 and F2 alpha on the zinc transport rate across the jejunal segments of rats was examined by employing the Ussing chamber technique. The Zn flux rate from mucosa to serosa across jejunal segments (Jms) was 5.24 (SE 1.54) nmol/h per cm2 (n 48) and that from serosa to mucosa (Jsm) was 15.16 (SE 2.38) nmol/h per cm2 (n 48) when both sides of the segment were bathed with Ringer's bicarbonate solution containing 0.5 mM-zinc chloride and 3 mM-L-histidine. 2. When 5.0 or 50 microM of either PGE2 or PGF2 alpha were added to the serosal side of the tissue, Jsm generally decreased and Jms generally increased, compared with controls. On the other hand, when PGE2 or PGF2 alpha was added to the mucosal side of the tissue, Jms either did not change or increased while Jsm had a tendency to decrease. 3. The Zn uptake capacity of tissue increased significantly when PG was added to the serosal side of the tissue-bathing medium, but not when PG was added to the mucosal side. The uptake capacity of mucosal Zn by jejunal segments was approximately twice that of serosal Zn. 4. When PG was included in the tissue-bathing medium, the short circuit current, potential difference and conductance between the mucosa- and serosa-bathing media generally decreased. 5. These results suggest that (a) PGs influence Zn flux rate not by chelating Zn and carrying it across the mucosal cell membrane but by interacting with the cytosolic components, (b) it is the serosal PGs which control the Zn flux rate and (c) PGs play a part in triggering a transduction mechanism in the intestinal Zn transport process. PMID- 3165033 TI - Fluorescence depolarization measurements on oriented membranes. AB - We describe the theory and experimental application of fluorescence depolarization measurements on small molecules bound to oriented phospholipid bilayers. The results yield insight into both the orientation and the rotational motion of fluorophores in a membrane environment. To accomplish this the angular distribution of polarized fluorescence intensities is measured on a membrane preparation consisting of stacked phospholipid bilayers oriented in a known coordinate system. Considerably more information is available from this data than in comparable solution phase measurements. Three parameters are derived from the data: the rate of rotational diffusion and the second and fourth degree order parameters. These latter two parameters provide an assessment of the average distribution of fluorophore orientation in the membrane bilayer. The data have been carefully examined for systematic experimental artifacts and new protocols are presented which help to eliminate errors that have not been amply treated in the past. We present data for two types of fluorescent molecules: (a) conventional membrane probes like diphenylhexatriene, perylene and anthroyloxy fatty acids; and (b) the anticancer agent adriamycin and several congeneric anthracycline antibiotics. The results show that the hydrocarbon core of membranes is more rigid than previously thought, particularly above the thermal phase transition temperature. We also show that the orientation of small molecules is sensitive to both the phospholipid composition and to the interaction of specific functional groups with the lipid bilayer. The results are discussed in terms of energetic models describing the general patterns for the binding of small molecules to biological membranes. PMID- 3165034 TI - [Cytogenetic data on sarcomas of the bone and soft tissue]. AB - Cytogenetic data are now available in most bone and soft tissue sarcomas. The characteristic chromosomal rearrangements observed are of great importance for the diagnosis, the classification and the comprehension of these cancers at the molecular level. PMID- 3165035 TI - [Radioisotopic exploration of sarcomas of the bone and soft tissue]. AB - Radioisotopic methods are widely applied to investigations of bone sarcoma and soft tissue neoplasms. We have at our disposal molecules with osseous, tumoral or vascular tropism. Their use, as single agents or combination, is helpful in positive and differential diagnosis and provides nosological informations. They are also useful in treatment monitoring and in long-term follow-up. PMID- 3165037 TI - [The Roche-Kontron ABT 4000 and 4100 respirators. Use of the "circuit filter"]. PMID- 3165036 TI - [Chemotherapy of sarcomas in the adult]. AB - Chemotherapy has an increasing part in bone and soft tissue sarcoma treatment, due to new drugs, more efficient drug associations and to a better definition of their indications, depending on histological type (which conditions chemosensitivity), local extension and metastatic risk. PMID- 3165038 TI - The suitability of three periodontal indices for epidemiological studies conducted for planning purposes. PMID- 3165040 TI - The dental health of indigenous and non-indigenous infant school children in west Birmingham. PMID- 3165041 TI - Dental caries and socio-economic status in 12-year-old schoolchildren resident in Hong Kong. PMID- 3165042 TI - The effect of different school based dental health education programmes in Norway. PMID- 3165039 TI - The prevalence of third molars in a Swedish population. An epidemiological study. PMID- 3165044 TI - The general standard of statistics. PMID- 3165043 TI - The caries experience of 5-year-old children in England and Wales. A survey coordinated by the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry in 1985-86. PMID- 3165045 TI - Market forces and market failure in the general dental service: the efficiency and equity implications of manpower redistribution. PMID- 3165046 TI - Treatment of the blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia with mitoxantrone and high-dose cytosine arabinoside. AB - Twenty-seven patients in the blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia received combination chemotherapy with mitoxantrone 5 mg/m2 intravenously daily for 5 days, and cytosine arabinoside 3 g/m2 intravenously over 2 hours every 12 hours for six doses. The patients' median age was 42 years (range, 19-61 years), and 26 of them had Philadelphia chromosome-positive disease. Overall, seven patients (26%) achieved complete remission, and one (4%) had a partial remission for an overall response rate of 30%. Eight patients died during remission induction, and 11 had resistant disease. The median survival was 14 weeks for the total population, and 24 weeks for patients achieving a complete remission. The nonmyelosuppressive toxicity of the combination was acceptable; serious neurologic and pulmonary toxicities were uncommon. Significant marrow hypoplasia was observed resulting in a high incidence of febrile episodes (85% of patients). The combination of mitoxantrone and high-dose cytosine arabinoside did not significantly improve overall prognosis. Since chemotherapy continues to produce disappointing results, other innovative approaches need to be explored. PMID- 3165047 TI - Mitoxantrone and high-dose cytosine arabinoside in refractory acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - Forty-four patients with a diagnosis of refractory or relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia received salvage chemotherapy with high-dose cytosine arabinosine 3 g/m2 intravenously over 2 hours every 12 hours for six doses and mitoxantrone 5 mg/m2 intravenously daily for 5 days. Overall 16 patients (36%) had a complete remission; 16 patients (36%) had resistant disease; and 12 (27%) died during induction therapy. The most significant predictive factor for remission was the duration of first remission: the response rate was 17% for patients whose first remission duration was shorter than 12 months (including those who did not achieve a first remission), 45% for those with a first remission lasting between 12 to 18 months, and 69% for those with longer remission durations (P = 0.008). Other predictive factors for higher response rates were a younger age group, a good performance status, and a favorable or diploid karyotype. The median survival from start of therapy was 4 months for the total population and 10 months for patients with remission. Serious side effects including pulmonary toxicity and neurotoxicity occurred in less than 10% of patients. This incidence was significantly lower than previous high-dose cytosine arabinoside schedules of 3 g/m2 for nine to 12 doses (total dose, 27 to 36 g per course). Significant granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were universal resulting in fever or documented infections in 98% of patients. We conclude that the combination of high-dose cytosine arabinoside and mitoxantrone is an effective antileukemic regimen with acceptable toxicity. Future studies should incorporate it as part of the frontline induction or maintenance strategies in newly diagnosed patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 3165049 TI - Masked Ph chromosome due to a new type of translocation in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - A chronic myelogenous leukemia patient with a masked Ph chromosome due to a new type of translocation, t(9;11;22)(q34;p11;q11), is reported. PMID- 3165048 TI - Favorable prognosis of solid tumors with very low chromosome numbers? AB - In contrast to near-haploid leukemias, the rare solid cancers with very low chromosome numbers (below 34) may be characterized by a particularly favorable outcome, as was shown by three such tumors studied in this laboratory. PMID- 3165050 TI - Historical communication: Philadelphia-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia followed for 27 years. AB - The patient we studied was diagnosed as having chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), possibly radiation-induced, in 1960 at age 9, and a Philadelphia chromosome was first demonstrated in the neoplastic cells in 1961. Her subsequent clinical course has been cyclic, requiring periodic therapy, but there has been no karyotypic progression. A study in 1987 continued to show the typical t(9;22) translocation as the only cytogenetic alteration, and concurrent molecular investigation of the neoplastic cells revealed a breakpoint cluster region rearrangement, also typical of CML. The chromosomal and molecular data provide no obvious explanation for her remarkably prolonged survival. PMID- 3165052 TI - Effect of whole-body hyperthermia and cyclophosphamide on natural killer cell activity in murine erythroleukemia. AB - Mice infected with the polycythemia-inducing strain of Friend virus complex (FVC P) develop a fatal erythroid disease similar in some respects to leukemia. Six- to eight-week-old DBA/2 female mice were injected i.v. with 0.5 ml of a virus suspension containing approximately 5 X 10(4) plaque-forming units and 5 X 10(3) spleen focus-forming units. Four treatment regimens were begun 3 days postinjection: (a) no treatment; (b) whole-body hyperthermia (WBH) alone; (c) cyclophosphamide (CY) alone; (d) WBH combined with CY. WBH treatment utilized a microwave generator operating at 2450 MHz. The i.p. temperature of the mice receiving WBH was maintained at 39.5-40 degrees C for 30 min. The CY was given i.p. at a dosage of 20 mg/kg of body weight. The various treatments, CY, WBH, CY + WBH were given once a week for 2 weeks. Natural killer cell activity was examined in all four groups of mice and was found to be significantly higher in the animals treated with WBH or CY. Our results show that WBH, either alone or in combination with CY, can prolong the lifespan of mice infected with lethal dosages of the FVC-P, possibly via a mechanism involving natural killer cells. PMID- 3165051 TI - Expression of the platelet-derived growth factor 1 and 2 genes in human myeloid cell lines and monocytes. AB - Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a potent mitogen for mesenchymal cells, consists of PDGF-1 and PDGF-2 polypeptide chains which are linked by disulfide bonds. Sequence analysis has revealed that: (a) the PDGF-2 chain is encoded by the c-sis protooncogene, the cellular counterpart of the simian sarcoma viral oncogene; (b) the PDGF-1 and PDGF-2 chains are related; and (c) the PDGF-1 gene has no known viral homologue. We have previously shown that the PDGF-2 gene is expressed during 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced monocytic differentiation of human HL-60 leukemia cells. In the present study, PDGF-1 and PDGF-2 gene expression was compared in HL-60 cells, human THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells, and human monocytes. Uninduced HL-60 cells, uninduced THP-1 cells, and resting monocytes had no detectable PDGF-1 or PDGF-2 mRNA. In contrast, both PDGF-1 and PDGF-2 transcripts were detected in HL-60 cells and monocytes induced with TPA, while only PDGF-1 mRNA was found in TPA-treated THP-1 cells. Moreover, neither of these transcripts were found during drug induced granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells. Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis: (a) failed to increase PDGF-1 and PDGF-2 mRNA levels in uninduced HL-60 cells; (b) increased PDGF-2, but not PDGF-1, mRNA in resting monocytes; and (c) increased levels of PDGF-1 and PDGF-2 mRNA in HL-60 cells and monocytes treated with TPA. This effect of cycloheximide was related in part to stabilization of both transcripts. Thus, PDGF-1 and PDGF-2 genes are differentially regulated in myeloid cells, although they share common control mechanisms at the post-transcriptional level. Differential regulation of PDGF gene expression would result in altered chain composition of the PDGF protein and possibly changes in biological activity. PMID- 3165054 TI - [Therapy of complicated urinary tract infections using ofloxacin--a 2d generation antibacterial quinolone]. PMID- 3165053 TI - Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor: a possible mediator of cancer anorexia in the rat. AB - Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a macrophage product which may have a role in cancer cachexia. Recombinant human cachectin/TNF (Cetus Corporation) was administered i.p. twice daily to male F344 rats at varying, nonlethal dosages for either 5 or 10 days, and daily rat food intake and body weight were measured. There was a dose-dependent cachectin/TNF-induced decline in food intake and body weight gain over the treatment period. However, after 1 day rats became tolerant to these effects and increased food intake and gained body weight despite receiving cachectin/TNF. Rats were subsequently inoculated with a transplantable methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma, and survival was measured. Rats previously treated with high-dose (either 100 or 200 micrograms/kg/day) cachectin/TNF survived significantly longer following tumor inoculation than did control rats given saline or rats given 10 micrograms/kg/day of cachectin/TNF. Analysis of tumor growth curves and tumor weight indicated that high-dose cachectin pretreatment did not retard tumor growth. Analysis of food intake and tumor burden following tumor inoculation indicated that high-dose cachectin pretreatment decreased the reduction in food intake associated with progressive tumor growth and allowed rats to withstand a greater tumor burden at death. Rats immunized with low-dose human cachectin/TNF developed high IgG titers against human TNF, but failed to demonstrate the same protection against a methylcholanthrene-induced tumor challenge as rats made tolerant with repetitive twice daily high-dose cachectin/TNF. The observation of reduced cancer-associated anorexia and increased survival of tumor-bearing rats associated with previous tolerance to exogenous cachectin/TNF strengthens the contention that endogenously produced cachectin may be a factor in the pathogenesis of cancer anorexia in the tumor-bearing rat. The mechanism of this tolerance is unclear but does not appear to be a humoral immune response. PMID- 3165055 TI - [A method for absolute quantification of 67Ga-citrate accumulation in the lungs and its significance in the evaluation of pulmonary sarcoidosis activity]. PMID- 3165057 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy with six drugs (adriamycin, methotrexate, cisplatinum, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide and dactinomycin) for non-metastatic high grade osteosarcoma of the extremities. Results of 32 patients and comparison to 127 patients concomitantly treated with the same drugs in a neoadjuvant form. AB - Between March, 1983 and June, 1986, 32 patients with localized high grade osteosarcoma of the extremities who refused chemotherapy before surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy), were immediately operated on and treated with a protocol of adjuvant chemotherapy. This was performed with adriamycin, methotrexate, cisplatinum, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide and dactinomycin. At a median follow-up of 40 months (12-57), 20 patients (63%) remained continuously disease-free. These results appear to be better than the results achieved in our institution in 108 patients treated between 1980 and 1982 with an adjuvant chemotherapy protocol in which only adriamycin and methotrexate were employed. They also seem comparable to the results obtained in 127 contemporary patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in which the same drugs were used (methotrexate i.v., cisplatinum i.a. preoperatively; adriamycin- methotrexate- cisplatinum or adriamycin -bleomycin -cyclophosphamide-dactinomycin postoperatively, depending on the degree of necrosis achieved by preoperative treatment). These data seem to indicate that the improved survival with neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared to a previous group of patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy may be related to the improved effectiveness of the agents used rather than the sequence of treatment. PMID- 3165056 TI - Imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of severe hospital infections. AB - Imipenem/cilastatin as a single agent or in combination with amikacin was used as empirical treatment of severe hospital infections. Twenty-five patients were evaluable for efficacy and the overall response rate was 62% with imipenem/cilastatin alone and 80% with imipenem/cilastatin in combination with amikacin. The highest response rate was obtained in urinary tract infection (75%) and in pneumonia (70%) and the lowest response rate (50%) was observed in bacteremia of unknown origin and in skin and soft tissue infections. Eight failures were observed and seven of them occurred in patients treated with imipenem/cilastatin alone. Two deaths occurred, both in patients with bacteremia. Imipenem/cilastatin treatment was interrupted early in 3 patients because the pathogen developed resistance during therapy and in 2 other patients because of side effects. In our study imipenem/cilastatin proved to be efficacious and well tolerated. The addition of an aminoglycoside to imipenem/cilastatin might improve its efficacy and prevent pathogens from becoming resistant during therapy. Therefore this association would seem to be advisable for the therapy of bacteremic infections and for those caused by difficult pathogens. PMID- 3165058 TI - Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma of the extremities. Good response of the primary tumor after preoperative chemotherapy with high-dose methotrexate followed by cisplatinum and adriamycin. Preliminary results. AB - Forty-nine patients with localized osteosarcoma of the extremities were treated with a new protocol of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Preoperatively the patients received high-dose methotrexate intravenously, followed after a week by cisplatinum intra-arterially for a continuous infusion over a 72-hour period, plus adriamycin intravenously infused over an 8-hour period. In all cases the clinical and radiographic response was good and in 44 cases (89.7%) it was possible to perform conservative surgery. The histologic examination of the surgical specimen resulted in necrosis being "good" (greater than or equal to 90% of necrosis) in 41 patients (83.6%). This percentage of "good necrosis" was significantly higher than the percentage previously obtained in our Center as well as in others for preoperative treatment of this tumor. Up to now, patients with localized osteosarcoma of the extremities who showed a good histologic response to the preoperative chemotherapy have had a very good prognosis (82% of patients are continuously disease-free). These results suggest that this new regimen represents a substantial improvement in the treatment of this disease. PMID- 3165060 TI - Comparison of overnight swelling and lens performance in RGP extended wear. PMID- 3165059 TI - Comparison of cellular basis of drug sensitivity of human colon, pancreatic, and renal carcinoma cell lines with that of leukemia cell lines. AB - In an attempt to find how much the low therapeutic effectiveness of antitumor drugs against so-called chemotherapy-refractory tumors such as colon carcinoma depends on drug sensitivity at the cellular level, sensitivity of five carcinoma cell lines (three colorectal, one pancreatic, and one renal) to nine typical anticancer agents was compared in vitro with that of four generally chemotherapy susceptible leukemia cell lines. Sensitivity was assessed in terms of the percentage cell growth in control cultures, which was determined by exposing exponentially growing cells for 48 h to the following antitumor drugs: 1-(4-amino 2-methylpyridine-5-yl)-methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU), adriamycin (ADM), bleomycin (BLM), cisplatin (DDP), etoposide (VP-16), 5 fluorouracil (5FU), mitomycin C (MMC), methotrexate (MTX), and vinblastine (VLB). As expected, 10-fold or greater differences in sensitivity were scarcely ever observed between the two kinds of cell lines. Thus, we recorded a result of more (or less) sensitivity when there was a difference of 3-fold or more; and compared the drug sensitivity in every pair of carcinoma and leukemia cell lines (20 pairs for each drug). We found that carcinoma cell lines were less sensitive to VP-16, ADM, DDP, and MTX than leukemia cell lines in 18, 15, 12, and 10 of 20 pairs, respectively; only one opposite case was observed, with DDP. On the other hand, no such tendency between the two groups was observed with BLM, 5FU, or MMC. Overall, significantly different sensitivities were observed between them in 91 out of 180 pairs (i.e., 9 antitumor drugs x 5 carcinomas x 4 leukemias), and carcinoma cell lines were less sensitive than leukemia cell lines in 79 of these 91 pairs. These results suggest that the refractoriness of colon carcinoma, etc. to chemotherapy is, at least in part, due to low drug sensitivity of the tumor cell itself. PMID- 3165063 TI - Kinship, familiarity, aggression, and dominance in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in seminatural enclosures. AB - This study was designed to test the effects of kinship and postweaning familiarity on male-male aggressive interactions in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in a more naturalistic situation than that of most tests of kin discrimination. Familiar males (i.e., those housed together from weaning) displayed significantly less aggression than unfamiliar males; kinship per se did not appear to affect levels of aggression. In addition, dominant males copulated more than subordinates and under some conditions sired more offspring. The postest copulatory patterns showed that the subordinate males ejaculated after fewer intromissions than did dominant males. PMID- 3165062 TI - Effect of cyclosporin A on rat mucosal mast cells and the associated protease RMCPII. AB - The effects of Cyclosporin A (CyA) on rat mucosal mast cells (MMC) have been investigated by cell counts in the jejunal mucosa and assays of the MMC-specific granule protease RMCPII in tissues and serum. CyA was administered by subcutaneous injection; for the majority of experiments the rats received 50 mg/kg daily for 3 days as a loading dose, then 50 mg/kg on alternate days. Treatment with this drug has two actions on MMC, a gradual reduction in the number of MMC and in the tissue content of RMCPII in the jejunum; and a rapid fall in the serum concentration of RMCPII, detectable 3 h after i.v. administration of CyA, 50 mg/kg. These phenomena were demonstrated in normal rats and in animals with an expanded jejunal MMC population due to graft vs host reaction or recent helminth infection. The functional relevance of the MMC depletion was demonstrated in immune rats given CyA for 3 days prior to induction of systemic anaphylaxis; intestinal permeability to i.v. Evan's blue was significantly reduced by CyA treatment. We suggest that CyA depletes intestinal MMC by suppression of T-cell-mediated regulatory stimuli to proliferation of mast cell precursors and/or their migration. The effects of the drug on serum RMCPII, evident before there were changes in the number of intestinal MMC, indicate that it also suppresses the secretion of granule mediators by MMC, probably indirectly via effects on mucosal T cells. PMID- 3165061 TI - Sensory evoked responses in Tourette syndrome. AB - Based on an earlier study of EEGs and the present article on sensory evoked responses, with a total of 32 patients, it appears that routine electrophysiologic studies do not provide a good biological marker in Tourette Syndrome. PMID- 3165064 TI - Histoenzymatic activity of the delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of ovary in hibernators (Citellus citellus L). AB - The ovaries of 24 ground squirrels (Citellus citellus L) were studied in spring (March, April), summer (July), and winter (December). The animals hibernated in a chamber at a temperature of 6-8 degrees C. The activities of the interstitial gland, theca interna, atretic follicles with theca interna and yellow bodies were measured densitometrically and studied by a specially modified histoenzymatic technique. Measurements showed that the endocrine structures were most active in March and least active in July. The atretic follicles had the highest enzymatic activity in April. The quantitative histoenzymatic approach presents an objective base for morphofunctional studies of organs and tissues at different body temperature levels in hibernators. PMID- 3165065 TI - Comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of various beta-lactams after intravenous and intraperitoneal administration in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 3165066 TI - Italian experience regarding the prevention of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. AB - The indirect approach to carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies based on the study of DNA polymorphisms closely linked to this gene has been followed by five Italian laboratories in the study of 106 pedigrees. Out of 354 women studied up to 1 May 1987, 147 were identified as carriers because of pedigree information and/or of increased creatine phosphokinase (CPK) values. Of the remaining 207, 184 could be assigned to three arbitrarily defined risk categories (low, intermediate and high) using linkage analysis. This disaggregation of women at risk is clearly more useful than that defined before DNA analysis, in which the same 184 women could be assigned only to the low or intermediate risk categories. Prenatal diagnosis was theoretically possible in 90% of carrier women, and was actually performed in 14 pregnancies, which led to the identification of four affected male foetuses, one also having Down syndrome. PMID- 3165067 TI - Labelling and exploration of the active site of enkephalinase (EC 3.4.24.11) in kidney membranes with [3H]thiorphan as ligand. AB - [3H]Thiorphan, a potent inhibitor of enkephalinase (EC 3.4.24.11), was used to label the enzyme in membranes from rat kidney cortex an to explore its specificity at the active site. [3H]Thiorphan binding occurred reversibly, with low non-specific binding and to a single class of sites. The dissociation constant, determined by either kinetics or saturation studies was approximately 0.4 nM. The ratio of the maximal velocity of enkephalinase with enkephalins as substrates to the maximal binding of [3H]thiorphan was consistent with the catalytic constant of the enzyme. Enkephalinase inhibitors competed with [3H]thiorphan and had inhibitory constants in agreement with the corresponding values derived from measurement of the enzyme catalytic activity, whereas inhibitors of other metallopeptidases were ineffective. The inhibitory potencies of a series of systematically varied oligopeptides regarding [3H]thiorphan binding and enkephalinase activity were also highly correlated. Structure activity relationships among competitors indicated that the main subsites of enkephalinase are: (1) the hydrophobic pocket in P'1, the requirements of which are best satisfied by aromatic amino acid side chain residues (2) the P'2 subsite, the requirements of which are best satisfied by amino acids with a short, uncharged side chain and a free terminal carboxyl group. This novel binding assay should facilitate the exploration of the active site of enkephalinase and the development of new inhibitors. PMID- 3165068 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: evidence for protein kinase-C-like modulation of muscle activity. AB - The phorbol esters, phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, phorbol-12,13-didecanoate, and phorbol-12,13-diacetate, as well as mezerin at concentrations as low as 10 nM produce a spastic paralysis of the schistosome musculature. The action of these protein kinase-C activators is dependent on the sites of esterification and is stereo-specific since phorbol-13,20-diacetate, phorbol-12,13,20-triacetate, 20-oxo, 20-deoxy-beta-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate, alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate, and alpha-phorbol are inactive. A phospholipid and phorbol ester-dependent protein kinase is identified. This kinase is stimulated by all of the phorbol esters that increase muscle tone but is not stimulated by phorbol esters that do not affect muscle tone. A high affinity, stereo-specific phorbol ester receptor is identified. Dose-response curves of phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate-induced muscle tension and -stimulated kinase activity and receptor binding indicate that these responses are mediated by the same system. These results indicate that protein kinase-C-like enzyme may play an important role in modulating activity of the schistosome musculature. PMID- 3165070 TI - Aromatic amidines: inhibitory effect on purified plasma serine proteinases, blood coagulation and platelet aggregation. AB - The inhibitory effect of benzamidine as well as of 1,3-di-(p-amidinophenoxy)-2,2 bis-(p-amidinophenoxymethyl)propane (TAPP-H) and TAPP-halo derivatives (with Cl, Br or I) on (i) the catalytic properties of purified plasma serine proteinases (notably, factor Xa, factor VIIa, thrombin and plasmin), (ii) blood coagulation, and (iii) platelet aggregation was investigated in vitro. For all the enzyme/inhibitor systems examined, the inhibition patterns were strictly competitive, and titrations conformed to simple equilibria. The inhibitory effect of TAPP-H and TAPP-halo derivatives is higher, by at least 10-fold, than that of benzamidine, which binds at the primary specificity subsite (S1) of serine proteinases and is commonly taken as a molecular inhibitor model. The high inhibitory effect of aromatic tetraamidines has been interpreted taking into account an additional productive binding for a second benzamidine or halo benzamidine moiety to the enzyme surface. As a whole, the data reported here indicate that aromatic amidines inhibit the plasma serine proteinases involved in different steps of haemostasis (coagulation and platelet aggregation) as well as clot lysis under physiological-like conditions in vitro. PMID- 3165069 TI - Diagnostic value of cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) detected by monoclonal antibodies (115D8 and DF3) in exudative pleural effusions. AB - Pleural fluid levels of the cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) detected by monoclonal antibodies (115D8 and DF3) were determined in 40 patients with carcinomatous pleural effusions and in 41 patients with tuberculous pleural effusions. Using a cut off level of 16 U/ml, 15 of the 40 carcinomatous fluids but none of the 41 tuberculous fluids were positive. Pleural fluid levels of CA15-3 were not correlated with those of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). Combined assay of CEA and CA15-3, or CA19-9 and CA15-3, increased the positive rate from 79 to 82% and from 67 to 73%, respectively. Measurement of pleural fluid CA15-3 levels are less useful in separating carcinomatous from tuberculous effusions than is measurement of CEA or CA19-9. PMID- 3165071 TI - CA-125 serum concentrations during the menstrual cycle. AB - CA-125 is an antigenic determinant expressed on ovarian cancer cells and serves as serum marker in patients with ovarian cancer. It has also been detected, however, in serum of healthy women and in patients with benign gynecologic diseases. Previous studies in patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome suggested that the production of CA-125 is correlated with proliferative ovarian activity. In this study, we describe the pattern of CA-125 secretion in 13 healthy women during menstrual cycle and during hormonal contraceptive treatment. That pattern is characterized by an increase of CA-125 serum concentrations parallel to the growth of the dominant follicle. It was not observed during hormonal contraceptive treatment. We conclude that CA-125 serum levels during menstrual cycle seem to be dependent upon the cyclic changes in the female genital tract. PMID- 3165072 TI - Sex selection with monoclonal H-Y antibody. AB - H-Y antigen defined by antibody from male-sensitized female mice has been reported in male embryos of mouse, rat, cattle, goat, pig, and sheep. We now describe the use of monoclonal H-Y antibodies in identification of male and female during embryo transfer in cattle. Monoclonal H-Y antibodies were applied with fluorescein-isothiocyanate-conjugated goat antimouse immunoglobulin (Ig), and the embryos were scored for fluorescence under ultraviolet light. In alternative trials with 149 embryos, the method could be applied with 73% to 82% efficiency. Pregnancy rates for treated embryos were at least as high as those expected for untreated embryos. The calves that developed from the treated embryos are normal and growing. PMID- 3165073 TI - Localized cell death caused by mutations in a Drosophila gene coding for a transforming growth factor-beta homolog. AB - Recessive mutations (dppdisk) in one region of the decapentaplegic (dpp) gene of Drosophila, which codes for a transforming growth factor-beta homolog, cause loss of distal parts from adult appendages. Different dppdisk alleles cause effects of different severity, the milder alleles removing distal parts and the more severe alleles removing progressively more proximal structures. In the wing disc derivatives, the most extreme dppdisk genotype removes the entire wing and leaves only a thorax fragment. We show that structures are lost in these mutants as a result of massive apoptotic cell death in the corresponding regions of the imaginal discs during the mid-third larval instar. The remaining disc fragments do not regenerate when cultured alone in the growth-permissive environment of the adult abdomen, but they can be made to regenerate by coculturing them with appropriate fragments of wild-type wing discs. This nonautonomous development is interpreted as showing that a product of dpp+, presumably the TGF-beta homolog, is secreted by the normal cells and can rescue the mutant cells in the mixed tissue. PMID- 3165074 TI - In vivo measurement of gastric mucus pH in canines: effect of high luminal acidity and prostaglandin E2. AB - We measured gastric mucus pH in vivo in a canine chambered stomach preparation using glass pH microelectrodes. The average maximum mucus pH was 6.52 at a luminal pH of 3.0, declining gradually as luminal pH was lowered; the mucus pH gradient was obliterated completely when luminal pH reached 1.1. At a luminal pH of 1.0, the average maximum mucus pH increased to 6.03, whereas transmural potential dropped from -50.3 to -31.8 mV. Prostaglandin E2 pretreatment (10 micrograms/ml) prevented epithelial injury during exposure to 100 mM HCl, but mucus pH was unchanged as compared with the acid-only group (4.77 vs. 4.72, p = 0.92). Histology on stomachs exposed to a luminal pH of 1.0 revealed characteristic changes of superficial epithelial injury without affecting the deeper gastric glands or disrupting the basal lamina. Prostaglandin E2 pretreatment prevented these histologic changes. These results indicate that although the mucus pH gradient can be overwhelmed by high luminal acidity, a newly formed mucus pH gradient may develop after disruption of epithelial integrity, possibly providing protection for the mucosa during the period of epithelial repair. The high mucus pH (4.77) accompanying normal histology and unchanged potential suggests that prostaglandin E2 may protect the surface epithelium by the stimulation of bicarbonate secretion. PMID- 3165075 TI - Immunohistologic study of ulcerative colitis with monoclonal antibodies against tumor-associated and/or differentiation antigens. AB - We used monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (19-9, 55-2, and 73-3) that detect tumor associated or differentiation antigens, or both, to immunohistochemically study a well-defined group of patients with ulcerative colitis. Monoclonal antibody 19-9 detects the gastrointestinal cancer-associated antigen (sialylated Lewis A). Monoclonal antibody 55-2 detects the Lewis Y antigen and reacts with deep crypt cells in the normal colon. In the normal colon MAb 73-3 reacts with mature superficial columnar cells detecting the protein moiety of a 35,000-dalton glycoprotein. In cases of inactive or mildly active disease, MAbs 19-9, 55-2, and 73-3 had staining patterns similar to normal colon. In 72% and 44% of cases of severely active disease, MAb 19-9 and MAb 73-3, respectively, reacted with epithelial cells at all levels of the crypt, whereas MAb 55-2 reacted only with deep crypt cells. Monoclonal antibodies 19-9, 55-2, and 73-3 reacted with dysplastic epithelium in 70%, 10%, and 60% of cases, respectively. In severely active disease, proliferating epithelial cells "paradoxically" express markers of differentiated epithelium throughout the entire crypt. Similarly, colonic epithelial cells may have the ability to reversibly express tumor-associated antigens. Unfortunately, the MAbs used in this study cannot differentiate dysplasia from reactive epithelium. PMID- 3165077 TI - [CA 15-3 and CEA as tumor markers in the diagnosis of the recurrence of breast cancer]. AB - The significance of the tumor markers CA 15-3 and CEA for the oncological follow up of breast cancer was examined in a retrospective analysis of 108 patients in whom, before and after hospitalization, it was possible to locate a local recurrence, a contralateral breast carcinoma, or a distant metastasis. Overall, examination of the group of patients showed that CA 15-3 was significantly more sensitive than CEA (57%/38%), with an increase of only 3% in sensitivity when investigating both markers simultaneously. Neither marker is suitable for the diagnosis of a relapse in the same region or a contralateral breast carcinoma, as pathologic values are only to be observed in one-third or, respectively, one quarter of all cases. In cases of distant metastasis, CA 15-3 is significantly superior to CEA (osseous: 62%/41%; visceral: 73%/34%). Only where there is combined osseous/visceral metastatic spread is no significant difference manifested (87%/74%). In 15 out of 17 patients with an apparently relapse-free course both during and after hospitalization, the CA 15-3 value was normal where the CEA value was pathologic. Tumor progression would thus seem improbable where there is a pathologic CEA value in conjunction with a normal CA 15-3 value. In follow-up of breast cancer, simultaneously assay of both "nonredundant" tumor markers, which represent a useful spectrum for tumor control, is to be recommended. PMID- 3165076 TI - Gastric mucosal blood flow and acid secretion in portal hypertensive rats. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine gastric mucosal blood flow, measured by hydrogen gas clearance, and acid secretion in portal hypertensive rats. Chronic portal hypertension was induced by a two-stage complete portal vein occlusion procedure. Basal gastric mucosal blood flow was significantly higher in portal hypertensive rats than in sham-operated rats, but there was no difference in basal acid output. In response to administration of pentagastrin, there was the expected rise in both acid secretion and blood flow in sham-operated rats, but in portal hypertensive rats there was a significantly lower increase in acid output and no change in blood flow. In portal hypertensive rats pretreated with indomethacin to inhibit endogenous prostaglandin generation, both basal blood flow and acid secretion--and their response to pentagastrin administration--were the same as in non-indomethacin-treated sham-operated rats. We conclude that in portal hypertensive rats there is an increased gastric mucosal blood flow and an impaired acid output response to pentagastrin stimulation, and these changes appear to be mediated by an increase in endogenous prostaglandin. PMID- 3165078 TI - [Serum CA 125 values and histologic findings at the time of second-look laparotomy in ovarian cancer]. AB - In a prospective study CA 125 serum levels of 99 patients with ovarian cancer were determined serially. 50 of 55 patients with second-look-laparotomy elevated levels initially had. We were interested in particular in the correlation between CA 125 and the histological findings at second-look operation. In 16 patients there was no residual tumor, CA 125 was in the normal range. In 34 the women tumor tissue was demonstrated; CA 125 was elevated in 14 patients, so there were 20 patients with false negative CA 125 serum levels. No false positive CA 125 values were found. In all patients with elevated tumor marker the residual tumor was histologically confirmed at second look. To verify a complete remission, a second-look operation will have to be performed in spite of a negative tumor marker, since active tumor tissue might still be present. In patients with elevated CA 125 a second-look laparotomy should be avoided at this time. PMID- 3165079 TI - [Immunohistochemical demonstration of CA 125, CA 19-9 and CEA in normal and pathologically changed adnexa]. AB - Sections of formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue samples from 11 normal ovaries and fallopian tubes, 13 tuboovarian abscesses, 3 carcinomas of the fallopian tube and 105 common epithelial ovarian tumors were examined to demonstrate the morphological background of elevated serum levels of CA 125, CA 19-9 and CEA. 9/13 tuboovarian abscesses were positive for CA 125 and 5/13 for CA 19-9, elevated serum levels of these markers could be explained by the expression of markers in epithelial cells of the inflamed tubes. Serous tumors and undifferentiated carcinomas were CA 125 positive in 86% and 70%, respectively. All mucinous tumors were CA 125 negative; most of them, however, were CA 19-9 positive (77%). CEA was found in endometroid tumors in 44% of the cases. Only one marker was detected in 42% of the borderline tumors and carcinomas. The immunohistochemical detection of a marker indicates its potential usefulness for monitoring. Although we used three tumor markers, 7% of the ovarian malignancies were negative for all markers tested. The marker expression was very heterogeneous: positive areas were directly adjacent to negative areas. There was no specificity for histological type, tumor localization or malignancy, all markers could be detected in some of the benign tumors, CA 125 and CA 19-9 also in inflamed tissue. PMID- 3165080 TI - [Correction of metabolic disorders in acute kidney failure caused by hemotransfusion, by intra-aorta administration of prostaglandin E2]. PMID- 3165082 TI - Strong transcriptional promoter in the 5' upstream region of the human beta-actin gene. AB - We isolated the 4.3-kb nucleotide sequence 5' upstream from the coding region of the human beta-actin gene and tested its promoter function by using the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase assay. We found that the sequence required for efficient transcription was contained within the 1.2-kb DNA fragment of the actin 5'-noncoding region. The 1.2-kb fragment contained a TATA box, a CCAAT box and two highly conserved elements. The transcriptional start point was located 24 bp downstream from the TATA box. The 1.2-kb fragment showed strong promoter activity when it was transfected into human and rodent non-muscle cells. In human FL cells and in mouse NIH3T3 and L cells, the promoter activity of the 1.2-kb DNA fragment was greater than that of the SV40 early region. PMID- 3165081 TI - t-Specific DNA polymorphisms among wild mice from Israel and Spain. AB - Lehrach and his coworkers have isolated a series of DNA probes that specifically hybridize with different regions of mouse chromosome 17 within the t complex. The probes display restriction fragment length polymorphisms, RFLPs, which are specific for the t haplotypes in all laboratory mouse strains tested thus far. Some of these probes have been used to test wild mice populations for these t associated DNA forms. It is demonstrated that populations from Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Greece, Yugoslavia, Australia, Costa Rica, and Venezuela contain chromosomes in which all the tested DNA loci display the t-specific polymorphisms. The frequency of mice carrying these chromosomes is as high as 31%. Wild mice from Israel and Spain, on the other hand, carry chromosomes displaying t-specific DNA forms only at one or two of the probed loci, while the other loci carry the wild-type (+) forms. These chromosomes thus resemble the partial t haplotypes known from the study of laboratory mice. One possible interpretation of these findings is that these DNA polymorphisms contributed to the assembly of the complete t haplotypes and that these haplotypes may have originated in the Middle East. PMID- 3165083 TI - Genes on chromosomes 1 and 4 in the mouse are associated with repair of radiation induced chromatin damage. AB - Early-passage skin fibroblasts from different inbred and congenic strains of mice were X-irradiated (1 Gy), and the number of chromatid breaks was determined at 2.0 h after irradiation. The cells from DBA/2N, C3H/HeN, STS/A, C57BL/6N, BALB/cJ, and AKR/N had 25 to 42 chromatid breaks per 100 metaphase cells (efficient repair phenotype). NZB/NJ had greater than 78 and BALB/cAn had 87 to 110 chromatid breaks per 100 cells (inefficient repair phenotype). Differences between BALB/cAn and BALB/c. DBA/2 congenic strains which carry less than 1% of the DBA/2 genome indicate that two genes, one on chromosome 1 linked to bcl-2-Pep 3 and the other on chromosome 4 closely linked to Fv-1, affect the efficiency with which the cells repair radiation-induced chromatin damage. PMID- 3165084 TI - Seroepidemiological investigations on human immunodeficiency virus infections in some parts of India. PMID- 3165086 TI - Inhibition of growth hormone release by naloxone in adult Tourette's syndrome subjects. PMID- 3165087 TI - Responsiveness of bovine corpora lutea to prostaglandin F2 alpha: comparison of corpora lutea anticipated to have short or normal lifespans. AB - The objective of this study was to determine if corpora lutea anticipated to have short lifespans were more responsive to the luteolytic action of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) than corpora lutea anticipated to have normal lifespans. Sixteen cows were allotted randomly to a hysterectomized-control (HC) or hysterectomized-progestogen (norgestomet) implant (HN) group. To verify that progestogen treatment of postpartum cows prior to induction of ovulation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) results in an increased number of cows exhibiting normal-length luteal phases, 21 additional cows were allotted randomly to a uterine intact-control (IC) or a uterine intact-progestogen implant (IN) group. Cows allotted to the HN and IN groups received norgestomet ear implants for 9 d beginning 17 to 21 d postcalving. All cows were injected (i.m.) with 100 micrograms GnRH 28 to 32 d postcalving (48 h after implant removal in the HN and IN groups) to induce ovulation. Two or 3 d after GnRH injection (d 0), cows in the HC (n = 8) and HN (n = 8) groups were hysterectomized to remove the major endogenous source of PGF2 alpha, and on d 7 cows were injected (i.m.) with 10 mg PGF2 alpha to assess luteal sensitivity. The proportion of corpora lutea having normal lifespans was greater (P less than .1) for the IN than for the IC group. In HC and HN groups, concentration of progesterone (P) increased similarly from d 0 to 6. Injection of PGF2 alpha in HC and HN groups on d 7 decreased (P less than .01) concentration of P approximately 50% by 6 h after injection (similar for both groups). Complete luteolysis was induced by PGF2 alpha in none of eight and two of eight cows in the HC and HN groups, respectively. In remaining cows (HC and HN groups) concentration of P increased (P less than .01; similar for HC and HN groups) beginning 24 h after PGF2 alpha and remained elevated through d 30 to 34 (end of experimental-period). In summary, corpora lutea anticipated to be short-lived were not more responsive to PGF2 alpha than corpora lutea anticipated to have normal lifespans. PMID- 3165085 TI - Effect of lipopolysaccharide on proteoglycan synthesis by adult human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. AB - The effect of lipopolysaccharide preparations from Salmonella enteritidis, Bacteroides gingivalis, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans on human gingival fibroblasts was studied. Lipopolysaccharide from all sources inhibited fibroblast proliferation in the concentration range of 0.5 to 50 micrograms/ml, with the lipopolysaccharide from A. actinomycetemcomitans having the strongest inhibitory effect. Assessment of the effect of lipopolysaccharide on gingival fibroblast metabolism indicated both total protein and proteoglycan synthesis to be inhibited with increasing concentrations of lipopolysaccharide. As for the antiproliferative effect, lipopolysaccharide from A. actinomycetemcomitans had the greatest inhibitory effect on cell synthetic activity. This inhibitory effect was determined by pulse-chase experiments to be a true depression in synthesis. Furthermore, the effect was independent of lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in cell proliferation and prostaglandin synthesis. This study confirmed the toxic effect of lipopolysaccharide on fibroblasts and, in particular, indicated that various lipopolysaccharide preparations vary in their potency to influence cell proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis. PMID- 3165088 TI - Approximal caries diagnosis in epidemiological studies: transillumination or bitewing radiographs? AB - The aim of this study was to compare the results obtained by transillumination and bitewing radiography in the diagnosis of caries affecting approximal surfaces of molar and premolar teeth for epidemiological surveys. 3960 posterior approximal surfaces on the right side of 330 patients aged 5 to 35 years were examined using a transillumination probe with a 1.5 mm diameters light source (Oralum, Rocky Mountain, Denver, Colorado) and bitewing radiographs using a portable dental apparatus (Elin, Wien, 60kV, 15mA. Transillumination detected 89% of the carious lesions reaching dentine diagnosed on radiographs and no statistically significant differences were observed in the diagnosis yield of the two systems. However, transillumination detected only 45% of these lesions diagnosed from bitewings as being confined to the enamel. Transillumination also made it possible to detect approximal caries into dentine in teeth covered by orthodontic bands. Thus comparative study gives experimental support to the use of transillumination in large epidemiological studies. The transillumination method is however not suitable for epidemiological trials including caries confined to the enamel. PMID- 3165089 TI - Trichomonas tenax: ultrastructure of giant forms. AB - Trichomonas tenax is a parasitic flagellate of the human mouth. The morphology and the ultrastructure of the protozoan are identical to those of other trichomonads. Giant forms suddenly appeared in a strain maintained in culture for two years. The structure and the ultrastructure of these abnormal forms were studied at the light and electron microscope level. Several nuclei, groups of flagella, undulating membranes and Golgi complexes were observed. The significance of these forms is still unknown. PMID- 3165090 TI - Submucous fibrosis in non-betel nut chewing subjects. AB - Six patients with the typical features of submucous fibrosis (SF) but without a history of betel nut chewing or an abnormal intake of chillies are described. All had palpable fibrous bands in their mouths and limited mouth opening as well as a variety of symptoms associated with SF. Biopsy specimens of the cheeks showed the classic features of SF, an atrophic epithelium and a very dense lamina propria. Also seen were hyperkeratosis, atypia and signet cell-like degeneration of the epithelium and chronic inflammation of the lamina propria. In 3 cases the fibrosis extended into the submucosa. As no reason for the disease could be demonstrated the question is asked whether people with a genetic predisposition can develop SF spontaneously. PMID- 3165091 TI - Spreading of human fibroblasts on pretreated human root dentine. AB - The spreading of fibroblasts on human dentine and dentine treated with solutions containing fluorides, chlorhexidine or citric acid was determined in vitro. The surface active properties of the test solutions (except for citric acid) with regard to ground and polished dentine were monitored by surface free energy determinations calculated from contact angles. None of the solutions tested drastically altered the surface free energy of dentine, which remained rather high in the range of 73 erg.cm-2. Application of fluoride containing solutions and citric acid decreased the spreading of fibroblasts significantly (p less than 0.05), whereas only chlorhexidine enhanced the spreading of cells (p less than 0.05). This study indicates that the use of fluoride containing solutions should be avoided during and after periodontal surgery and scaling. Chlorhexidine would be recommended however both on the basis of its known antiplaque properties as well as on the basis of its enhancement of cell spreading demonstrated in this study. PMID- 3165093 TI - The effects of quaternary ammonium chloride (alpha C12 DME AHCl) on enamel hardness and mineral loss under intra oral cariogenicity test conditions. AB - The effects of a quaternary ammonium compound; 2-hydroxy-ethyl-2-hydroxydodecyl dimethyl-ammonium chloride (alpha C12 DMEAHCl) on enamel hardness and mineral loss in enamel slabs were studied under intra-oral cariogenicity test conditions. The quaternary ammonium compound without fluoride reduced enamel softening as well as the mineral loss from enamel significantly up to a depth of 100 microns from the surface. Moreover the Ca/P molar ratio of the treated enamel was comparable to untreated enamel controls. These findings suggest that the quaternary ammonium compound itself inhibits mainly demineralisation rather than remineralization under intra-oral cariogenicity test conditions. PMID- 3165092 TI - [Root reactions during treatment with indomethacin in the rat]. AB - During the course of a study on the effect of indomethacin, an inhibitor of PG synthesis, on the alveolar bone remodeling associated with the drift of the rat molar, the root profile appeared altered. The perimeter of the buccal root of the lower first molar had increased during the 7-day experimental period (+9%; p less than 0.02) in the treated group. This was due to an increase in the extent of root resorption lacunae (+99%; p less than 0.05). They were located in the disto buccal aspect of the root, i.e., facing the alveolar wall remodeling area. The periodontal ligament width was also increased (p less than 0.001). This might be an adaptative process to maintain the periodontal ligament width as the drift of the teeth had not ceased while the remodeling had markedly slowed down. These results show that the osteoclastic population responsible for root resorption was not PG-dependent, unlike that active on alveolar wall. In addition, dentin deposition was accelerated in the pulp area underlying the resorption lacunae in the treated group as shown by measuring the distance between two fluorescent labels incorporated in a 6-day interval (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3165094 TI - Norepinephrine modulates the growth-inhibitory effect of transforming growth factor-beta in primary rat hepatocyte cultures. AB - TGF-beta is a potent inhibitor of EGF-induced DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures. Norepinephrine (NE) was shown to modulate this inhibition of DNA synthesis. It produced a five-fold increase, from 2.8 pM to 14.4 pM, in the ID50 for TGF-beta. The effect was dose-dependent and was significant at concentrations of 10(-6)M NE and greater. The modulation by NE was mediated by the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor as shown by the ability of the alpha 1 antagonist prazosin to block the activity. This effect might be important during liver regeneration in allowing escape of hepatocytes from negative growth control exerted by TGF-beta. PMID- 3165095 TI - Stimulation by tumor necrosis factor of HL-60 thymidine salvage pathway metabolism dissociated from proliferation. AB - The effect of human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on early-passage HL-60 cells was studied. A transient phase of increased [3H]thymidine (TdR) incorporation was noted at 20-24 hr of exposure to TNF. This increase was disproportionate to the much slighter stimulation of the percentage of S-phase cells, which was measured by flow cytometry. Evidence for increased metabolic trapping of [3H]TdR following TNF treatment was apparent from whole cell uptake experiments. The salvage pathway enzyme TdR kinase was therefore measured and was found to be elevated comparably to [3H]TdR uptake. The mechanism of TNF regulation of TdR kinase was further investigated by a series of combination treatment experiments using other biologic factors and pharmacologic inhibitors of various intracellular steps. The response to TNF was not potentiated or reproduced by IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, G CSF, M-CSF, GM-CSF or alpha- or gamma-interferon. Blockers of early signal transduction steps, including H7, W7, sphingosine, and pertussis toxin, failed to inhibit TNF stimulation of [3H]TdR incorporation. mRNA synthesis inhibition with alpha-amanitin blocked this TNF effect, as did cAMP but not cGMP analogues. A sensitizing effect was noted with amiloride or cytochalasin B, characterized by greater relative increases of [3H]TdR incorporation and TdR kinase activity in response to TNF. In the presence of cytochalasin B, TNF treatment resulted in no change or slight decreases in the percentage of S-phase cells. Regulation of TdR kinase could thereby be dissociated from the usual cell cycle control. This study thus documents a unique example of stimulation of thymidine salvage pathway metabolism by a biologic factor, dissociable from overall cell cycle regulation. PMID- 3165097 TI - Bi/Polar personality patterns of senior dental students. AB - The Bi/Polar Inventory of Core Strengths was administered to two senior dental classes. Students preferred thinking (58.3 percent) over risking (41.7 percent), practical thinking (78.7 percent) over theoretical thinking (21.3 percent), and independent risking (59.1 percent) over dependent risking (40.9 percent). Compared to the general population, dental students were more thinking and practical, but nearly identical in independence-dependence. Pattern II (thinking practical-independent) was the most common student pattern (25.2 percent) and Pattern VI (risking-theoretical-dependent) was the least common (3.9 percent). Results suggest a dominance of certain personality styles in dental students. PMID- 3165098 TI - The need and demand for periodontal services: implications for dental practice and education. PMID- 3165099 TI - A longitudinal view of predictor variables for dental assisting. PMID- 3165096 TI - Induction of reversible changes in cell-surface glycoconjugates and lung colonization potential by 13-cis retinoic acid. AB - Murine squamous carcinoma cells (KLN205) grown in a medium supplemented with the retinoid, 13-cis retinoic acid (RA), had dose-dependent, selective increases in the expression of certain lectin receptors, which correlated with a dramatic decrease in the ability to form pulmonary colonies (P = .0003) (Couch MJ, Pauli BU, Weinstein RS, Coon JS: JNCI, 78:971-977, 1987). These findings suggest a possible relationship between the RA-induced glycoconjugate alterations and the decreased experimental metastatic behavior. We further define the mechanism of RA's action. The finding that RA treatment (5 X 10(-6) M, 5 X 10(-7) M) did not perturb the cell cycle of KLN205 cells provides further proof that the decreased metastatic behavior is not attributable to any inhibition in the rate of growth or to alterations in the cell cycle. Furthermore, since stable subpopulations with variable lectin binding could not be detected, the mechanism of RA's action does not appear to be due to selection of variant tumor-cell subpopulations. Finally, in a series of experiments designed to determine the reversibility of the RA treatment, the RA-induced decrease in metastatic behavior reverted back to a more metastatic state in the same time frame (3 days) as the reversion of the RA-induced changes in cell-surface glycoconjugate expression. This reversion provides further evidence for a close relationship between the RA-induced modulation of tumor cell-surface glycoconjugate expression and the decreased metastatic behavior; it suggests that transient, reversible modulation of the tumor cell surface may play a role in determining metastatic behavior. PMID- 3165100 TI - Outcome comparisons of traditional and degree completion baccalaureate dental hygiene graduates. PMID- 3165102 TI - The University of Saskatchewan Dental Option Program. PMID- 3165101 TI - Dental students' attitudes about counseling patients on oral hygiene. PMID- 3165103 TI - How good is my test? AB - Instructors must appraise the quality of their examinations, laboratory ratings, and any other test data upon which grade decisions are made. The basic concepts of test theory are reviewed to provide some support for making these appraisals. Four types of validity are discussed. The concept of reliability is presented along with a summary of various reliability coefficients and limitations on the interpretation of reliability. Practical suggestions are offered for instructors seeking to gauge the quality of their tests. The use of the standard error of measurement for estimating the likelihood of misgrading a student is demonstrated. PMID- 3165104 TI - Federal report predicts manpower decline. PMID- 3165105 TI - Decision analysis in the evaluation of clinical strategies for the management of mandibular third molars. PMID- 3165106 TI - Traditional 'one size fits all' dental education: no longer adequate. PMID- 3165107 TI - Transmembrane chloride flux is required for target cell lysis but not for Golgi reorientation in cloned cytolytic effector cells. Golgi reorientation, N alpha benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine thiobenzyl ester serine esterase release, and delivery of the lethal hit are separable events in target cell lysis. AB - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity can be inhibited by the replacement of chloride with ions that are incapable of passing through chloride channels or by the presence of stilbene disulfonate derivatives known to interfere with chloride flux. We show that the stilbene disulfonate (4,4-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene (DIDS) inhibits lysis of YAC-1 targets by the cloned cell line NKB61A2. Inhibition of lysis occurs on the level of the effector cell inasmuch as preincubation of effectors but not of targets interferes with subsequent lysis. Moreover, inhibition of chloride flux in the target does not interfere with target cell lysis by cytotoxic granules isolated from killer cells. Target cell binding takes place in the presence of DIDS or absence of external chloride, suggesting that events that follow target cell binding require chloride flux. We show that reorientation of the Golgi apparatus, which occurs subsequent to target cell binding in the effector cell, occurs under conditions that interfere with chloride flux. It is therefore suggested that events in the effector cell taking place subsequent to the Golgi apparatus reorientation reaction are inhibited and that delivery of the lethal hit is a stimulus-induced secretory event that requires transmembrane chloride flux. Delivery of the lethal hit is shown to be independent of the release of N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine thiobenzyl ester (BLT) serine esterase, suggesting that cytolytic components and BLT serine esterase are likely packaged in different vesicles. PMID- 3165108 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus infection in the United Kingdom: quarterly report I. The epidemic to 30 September 1987. AB - The surveillance of the epidemic of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United Kingdom is described. Up to 30 September 1987, 1067 cases meeting the World Health Organization/Centers for Disease Control (U.S.A.) definition of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reported in the U.K. Of these, 49 were in persons who came to the U.K. for diagnosis and treatment and 1018 were in U.K. residents. There were 7561 laboratory reports of HIV antibody-positive tests in the same period. The main epidemic continued among homosexuals and bisexuals, principally in the four Thames National Health Service (NHS) regions. Laboratory reports of new HIV antibody-positive tests also increased, but the rise was more erratic. For example, a sharp rise in the last quarter of 1986 and the first quarter of 1987 was probably due to a substantial rise in testing which followed the Government publicity campaigns and may not, therefore, necessarily indicate an increasing incidence. AIDS in haemophiliacs increased but new HIV antibody-positive reports declined after the introduction of control measures in 1985. The epidemic increased in intravenous (IV) drug abusers. Although only 32 cases of AIDS were reported, the increase in the number of laboratory reports of HIV antibody-positive tests, particularly in Scotland, suggests that reports of AIDS will increase in this group in the next few years. Heterosexual spread of infection took place but most infections were acquired in sub-Saharan Africa. Nevertheless, five cases of AIDS and at least 16 HIV antibody positive tests were in persons infected in the U.K. in whom neither they nor their sexual partners had recognised risk factors. Furthermore, it is possible that some of the infections in IV drug abusers were heterosexually acquired. The epidemic of AIDS in the U.K. continues to increase exponentially, new reports of AIDS cases doubling every 10 to 11 months. If this continues there are likely to be about 1700 new cases reported in the 15 months following September 1987, leading to an estimated cumulative total of over 2500 reported cases in U.K. residents by December 1988. PMID- 3165109 TI - delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in sebaceous glands of scalp in male-pattern baldness. AB - Sebaceous glands were isolated by manual dissection using a stereomicroscope from skin specimens of bald scalp of men with male-pattern baldness undergoing hair transplant or scalp reduction surgery and also from specimens taken from hairy and bald areas of scalp at autopsy of adult male victims of accidental death within 3 h post mortem. Homogenates of the isolated glands exhibited activities of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta HSD), 17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and testosterone 5 alpha-reductase by the conversion of [3H]dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) to 3H-delta 4-androstenedione (AD), [3H]testosterone, and [3H]dihydrotestosterone. Homogenates of glands from bald (B) scalp had greater 3 beta HSD activity than homogenates of glands from hairy (H) scalp. After differential centrifugation, 3 beta HSD activity was found mainly in the microsomal and 105,000 X g supernatant fractions. Specific activity of the enzyme based on protein mass was highest in the microsomal fraction; however, the total 3 beta HSD activity in the 105,000 X g supernatent of B glands was significantly (p less than .01) greater than that of H glands. 3 beta HSD activity in sebaceous glands isolated from autopsy specimens did not differ from that of glands isolated from surgical specimens in apparent Km (0.13-0.14 microM), pH optima (8.0), or coenzyme requirement for NAD. Since substantial 3 beta HSD activity was present in the cytosol, and cytosol of B glands showed increased 3 beta HSD activity, the increased conversion of DHA to AD may be a critical step for androgenic action and may be responsible for excessive androgenicity in male-pattern baldness. PMID- 3165110 TI - Recombinant human transforming growth factor-alpha stimulates in vitro colony formation of fresh human tumor specimens. AB - Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) is a low molecular weight peptide that has been implicated in an autocrine growth-stimulation of tumor cell lines in vitro. Although its mRNA has been detected in biopsies from human malignancies, the importance of an autocrine mechanism for the growth of human malignancies in vivo is unknown. The purpose of our study was to determine the effects of recombinant human TGF alpha (rhTGF alpha) on the in vitro growth of fresh human tumors using a capillary cloning system. Growth was detected in control capillaries in 17 of 47 specimens (36%) without rhTGF alpha. Further stimulation of 12 of these tumors with rhTGF alpha obtained a maximal effect at 0.1 to 1 microgram/ml. Stimulation by rhTGF alpha was concentration-dependent with some tumors showing a biphasic response. Eight of 22 specimens not showing colony formation in control capillaries were recruited to form colonies by rhTGF alpha (p less than 0.005). Responsiveness to rhTGF alpha varied among individual tumors. In control experiments, rhTGF alpha failed to stimulate colony formation in three low-passage fibroblast cell lines. Furthermore, three additional human tumor specimens with benign cytologic findings displayed no colony formation. We concluded that a subgroup of primary human tumors was sensitive to rhTGF alpha in vitro. PMID- 3165111 TI - A comparison of oral and intracervical prostaglandin E2 for ripening of the unfavourable cervix prior to induction of labour. PMID- 3165112 TI - Brain metastases in osteosarcoma: incidence, clinical and neuroradiological findings and management options. AB - Brain metastasis is uncommon in osteosarcoma, but this may be changing with prolonged patient survival in the modern chemotherapy era. We present 5 patients with brain metastases out of 39 with lung metastasis (13%) in a total of 87 osteosarcoma patients. The clinical manifestations of brain metastases were catastrophic: massive hemorrhage in 2 and status epilepticus in 3. Metastases were single or multiple, and some were osteoblastic. Surgical intervention in 2 cases resulted in dramatic, though transient, clinical improvement. We advocate periodic neuroradiology screening in osteosarcoma patients with lung metastases, for early detection of brain involvement. PMID- 3165113 TI - Keeping up with the times. PMID- 3165114 TI - Preoperative surgical judgement. PMID- 3165115 TI - Prevention of alveolar osteitis by tetracycline. PMID- 3165116 TI - Mandibular fractures in children--a study of clinical aspects, treatment needs, and complications. AB - Thirty-seven children younger than 11-years-old with mandibular fractures were studied regarding age, sex, type of fracture, incidence, etiology, methods of treatment, and complications. This injury was found to represent 4.5% of all facial injuries. The male-to-female ratio was 2.4:1.0. Unilateral fractures were more common than bilateral. The condyle was involved in 36.7% of cases, and 9.2% of the fractures were subcondylar. Maxillomandibular fixation for 2 weeks was the method of treatment used in 35.1% of patients. Another 32.4% who had a combination of body and condyle fractures were treated with a prefabricated acrylic splint fixed only on the lower arch so that the mandible was free to move. Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint was seen in only one patient. Other complications that were also rare include the following: infection was observed in two cases; malunion and nonunion were not seen. One child had retarded facial growth due to damage of the condylar growth center. Functional mobility and maximal mouth opening was not reduced significantly. PMID- 3165117 TI - Use of collagen tube contained implants of particulate hydroxylapatite for ridge augmentation. AB - A preliminary report on the use of collagen tubes containing particulate hydroxylapatite for alveolar ridge augmentation is presented. The surgical technique is described and the results in 20 patients are discussed. PMID- 3165118 TI - Arthroscopy of the human temporomandibular joint. AB - Diagnostic arthroscopy of the human temporomandibular joint was investigated on both fresh human cadavers and presurgical arthrotomy patients. It was possible to visualize all of the major anatomic structures in the superior joint space. Inferior joint space techniques were explored on cadavers but not perfected for clinical use. Closed arthroscopic surgical techniques were performed on the cadaver specimens using a variety of instruments such as probes, miniature biopsy forceps, and motorized soft tissue resection and bone abraiding devices. PMID- 3165119 TI - Accuracy of radiographs in classification of impacted third molar teeth. AB - The accuracy of using panoramic radiographs as the basis for classification of impacted third molars and subsequent fee reimbursement by third party carriers was evaluated. Radiographs showing 20 impacted third molar teeth were classified independently by 40 oral and maxillofacial surgeons, 10 general dentists, and 11 health insurance consultants. No group had an accuracy rate better than approximately 50%. These findings demonstrate the unreliability of radiographs for classification of impacted teeth, irrespective of the training or experience of the evaluator. PMID- 3165120 TI - Hydroxylapatite as a bone graft substitute in orthognathic surgery: histologic and histometric findings. AB - The use of porous hydroxylapatite (HA) as a substitute for bone in grafting associated with orthognathic surgical procedures was studied histologically and histometrically. The surgical procedures included maxillary downgrafting, advancement, setback, superior repositioning with expansion, and mandibular advancement and chin augmentation. Seventeen biopsies were obtained from nine patients after successful healing from 4.7 to 16.4 months postoperatively. Anatomic sites of the biopsies included maxillary wall, interdental region, palatal midline, chin, and mandible. In addition, nine implants representing six planned and three unplanned exposures were retrieved from nine patients. One biopsy from a successful implant was decalcified and thin-sectioned to provide better cell detail of the antral lining of the implant. The remaining biopsies were sectioned undecalcified to permit backscattered electron imaging with a scanning electron microscope. Each of the 17 biopsy specimens contained bone ingrowth. The decalcified specimen showed an intact submucosa with loss of the mucosal epithelium due to prolonged acid exposure. The biopsies were composed of 48.5% HA matrix, 18.0% bone ingrowth, and 33.5% soft tissue or vascular space. The HA matrix surface area averaged 9.4 mm2/mm3 with 62.1% of the surface covered by appositional bone ingrowth. The nine exposed implants contained connective tissue ingrowth only at their margins, with little or no bone being present. This graft-like biologic response to a porous HA matrix confirmed its ability to serve as a bone graft substitute in clinical applications. The absence of any decrease over time confirmed the relative permanence of the HA matrix. The lack of inflammatory cells in the biopsies, along with the formation of a connective tissue protective barrier in the exposed specimens, suggests that host responses to contamination were not impaired by the porous HA matrix. PMID- 3165121 TI - Allotransplantation and autotransplantation of mature teeth in monkeys: the influence of endodontic treatment. AB - This study investigated the effect of endodontic treatment on root resorption of autotransplanted and allotransplanted mature teeth in unmatched monkeys. The material comprised 40 mature maxillary central incisors in 20 green Vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). Teeth were either allotransplanted or autotransplanted in pairs of monkeys matched only for the size of the root. Endodontic treatment was performed at random peroperatively with gutta percha and Kerr sealer in 10 of each of the 20 autografts and 20 allografts. The extra alveolar period was 18 minutes in all groups. Histometric analysis, which included registration of surface and inflammatory and replacement resorption (ankylosis), was done on serial sections of the grafts 8 weeks after transplantation. Endodontic treatment almost completely reduced inflammatory resorption in both allotransplanted and autotransplanted mature teeth (p less than 0.01). Peroperative endodontics elicited a small increase in ankylosis in autografts. In allografts, it unmasked a high amount of ankylosis, presumably primarily due to alloimmune reactions against the donor periodontal ligament, leaving only a small portion of normal ligament almost exclusively located along the cervical region of the root surface. Downgrowth of periodontal pocket epithelium was limited in all groups. PMID- 3165122 TI - Long-standing mandibular dislocation: report of a case. AB - This report describes a rare case of long-standing mandibular dislocation and its treatment by condylectomy, coronoidectomy, and suprahyoid myotomy. PMID- 3165124 TI - Transient abducens nerve palsy following a Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy: report of a case. AB - A case of transient abducens nerve palsy following Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy is reported. The results of the CT scan strongly suggest the cause was a fracture of the body of the sphenoid bone but the cause of the fracture is unclear. The palsy occurred on the first postoperative day and recovery took approximately 5 months. The most likely explanation for the complication is a transmittal of force from the osteotome used to fracture through the pterygoid plates extending superiorly through the medial surface of the cavernous sinus. This case clearly demonstrates the importance of care in positioning of the pterygomaxillary osteotome. PMID- 3165123 TI - Necrotizing sialometaplasia occurring during pregnancy: report of a case. AB - A case of NSM presenting as bilateral ulceration of the palate developing in the seventh month of pregnancy is reported. The lesions caused initial problems of differential diagnosis because they were more extensive than is often the case in NSM. However, healing followed simple palliative treatment for the ulcers. The etiology of NSM is discussed in relation to the vascular and hormonal changes of pregnancy. PMID- 3165125 TI - A simple method to gain symmetry of the intraoral genioplasty. PMID- 3165126 TI - Screw technique for fixation of palatal fractures. PMID- 3165127 TI - Lensectomy in an infant with cri du chat syndrome and cataracts. AB - We report an 11-month-old infant with cri du chat syndrome and cataracts. The chromosomal abnormality was transmitted via a balanced 5/11 translocation from a phenotypically normal mother. The child underwent bilateral cataract extraction and was fitted with extended wear contact lenses. Congenital cataracts may be associated with cri du chat syndrome. PMID- 3165128 TI - Leukemic iris infiltration. AB - Three patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and leukemic infiltration of the iris are presented. The clinical features, diagnostic techniques, and treatment of this condition are described. PMID- 3165129 TI - Specific properties of epithelial and stromal cells from the endometrium of cows. AB - Epithelial and stromal cells were isolated from endometrium of cyclic heifers by enzymic dispersion. These cells exhibited specific morphological and functional properties. Epithelial cells appeared cuboidal or columnal and showed contact inhibition as they reached confluence. Stromal cells were fibroblast-like and enlarged at the time of confluence after which they overgrew in multiple layers. The presence of specific receptors for PGE-2 and beta-adrenergic catecholamines (isoproterenol) was estimated by activation of adenylate cyclase. Stromal cells had more adenylate cyclase activity (P less than 0.01) than did epithelial cells before (basal) and after stimulation with guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and PGE-2. However, epithelial cells were much more responsive to isoproterenol (P less than 0.01). Treatment of cultured cells with indomethacin to block PG synthesis increased the sensitivity and maximal response to PGE-2 in stromal (P less than 0.01) but not in epithelial (P greater than 0.1) cells. The latter result suggested autologous desensitization of the PGE-2 response resulting from synthesis of PGs in cultured cells. Both cell types synthesized PGs in culture: PGF-2 alpha was synthesized in greater quantity in epithelial than in stromal cells (P less than 0.05) while stromal cells synthesized more PGE-2 than did epithelial cells (P less than 0.001). Endometrial cells separated in this way should prove useful for study of their specific role in the processes of implantation and maternal recognition of pregnancy. PMID- 3165130 TI - Effect of RU 486 on luteal function in the early pregnant rat. AB - A dose of 30 mg RU 486/kg, an antiprogesterone, was administered to pregnant rats on Day 2 (Group 1) or Day 4 (Group 2) of pregnancy. RU 486 significantly changed serum progesterone and oestradiol concentrations and luteal 3 beta-HSD and 20 alpha-HSD activities in Group 1, and implantation was significantly inhibited. The luteal 3 beta-HSD activity in Group 2 rats on Day 6 was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower than the control value (7.5 +/- 0.6 and 10.1 +/- 0.6 mU/mg protein respectively). This decline in the 3 beta-HSD activity was followed by a marked decrease in the serum progesterone concentration, resulting in a significant decrease of the progesterone/oestradiol ratio and implantation was completely inhibited. The 20 alpha-HSD activity, which could not be detected on Day 6 in the control rats, was twice as great in Group 2 than in Group 1 rats (17.5 +/- 1.2 and 7.4 +/- 3.1 mU/mg protein respectively). Ultrastructural examination of corpora lutea of Group 2 rats confirmed luteolysis. These results suggest that RU 486 has a luteolytic effect and its anti-implantation effect is concomitant with luteolysis of the corpora lutea of pregnancy. PMID- 3165131 TI - Studies on prostaglandin metabolism in corpora lutea of rabbits during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy. AB - Corpora lutea and ovarian stromal tissue were analysed for prostaglandin (PG) concentrations and activities of enzymes involved in PG metabolism at 8, 10, 12, 13 and 15 days after induction of ovulation. In CL of pseudopregnant rabbits, the PGE-2-9-ketoreductase (PGE-2-9-KR) was highly active on Days 10, 12 and 15 when compared with Day 8 (P less than 0.01; P less than 0.001; P less than 0.05). In pregnant animals PGE-2-9-KR activity was only increased on Day 12 (P less than 0.05) but declined to basal levels on Days 13 and 15. Comparing PGE-2-9-KR activity of pseudopregnant and pregnant animals, a significant elevation was found on Day 15 of pseudopregnancy (P less than 0.025). Activities of PG-15 hydroxydehydrogenase did not exhibit any significant changes with time in pseudopregnant or pregnant rabbits. PGE-2 concentrations were increased on Days 12, 13 and 15 (P less than 0.025) when compared with Day 8. Changes in PGF-2 alpha concentrations paralleled those of PGE-2-9-KR. The concentrations of PG metabolites 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE-2 and -PGF-2 alpha were lower than those of the primary PGs and did not show stage-specific changes in pseudopregnant and pregnant animals. These results demonstrate that the rabbit CL possesses enzymes to convert PGE-2 to PGF-2 alpha and to metabolize both PGs. PGE-2-9-KR may be involved in regulating the PGF-2 alpha/PGE-2 ratio and possibly in controlling the life-span of the corpus luteum. PMID- 3165133 TI - Determination of mineral elements in certain crude drugs (Part I). PMID- 3165132 TI - Nucleosides of 1,4-thiazin-3-one and derivatives as tetrahedral intermediate analogues of enzymes in pyrimidine nucleoside metabolism. AB - Reaction of the trimethylsilylated derivative of 1,4-thiazin-3-one with 1-O acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-D-ribofuranose in the presence of SnCl4 gave, after deblocking, 4-beta-ribofuranosyl-1,4-thiazin-3-one (8). Treatment of 1,4-thiazin 3-one with 1-chloro-2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-alpha-D-erythro-pentofuranose in the presence of sodium hydride provided, after deblocking, the corresponding 2 deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl derivatives (19). Oxidation of 4-(2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-thiazin-3-one (7) with 1 equiv of m-chloroperbenzoic acid resulted in 4-(2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-thiazine-2,3 dione (9) and 4-(2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-thiazin-3-one 1 oxide (10). Evidence is presented that indicates that the oxidation of the thiazine at the 2-position is due to a Pummerere rearrangement. The new compounds failed to show significant activity against tumor cell lines in culture, L1210 cells in vivo, virus cytotoxicity in cell culture, or cytidine deaminase. PMID- 3165134 TI - Thymomatous myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3165135 TI - Clinical study of primary IgA nephropathy in adults. PMID- 3165136 TI - [The automation of radioimmunoassay data processing in the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical College. Part I. The connection of gamma counter with microcomputer]. PMID- 3165137 TI - [Pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis--a case report]. PMID- 3165138 TI - [Ebstein's malformation of the tricuspid valve--report of three cases]. PMID- 3165139 TI - From the Food and Drug Administration. Update on zidovudine. PMID- 3165140 TI - [The effects of postoperative phrenic nerve palsy on weaning from artificial ventilation in cardiac surgery patients]. PMID- 3165142 TI - [Hematological findings characteristic of 8-year preclinical phase before onset of blastic crisis in a CML patient]. PMID- 3165141 TI - [Clinical features and hematological factors relating to outcome of adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia who achieved complete remission]. PMID- 3165144 TI - [Aclarubicin-related pancreatitis in a child with AML]. PMID- 3165143 TI - [Acute myeloblastic leukemia (FAB:M1) with t(8;21) translocation]. PMID- 3165145 TI - [Basophilic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia without splenomegaly]. PMID- 3165147 TI - [Basic evaluation about the quantification of the uptake of Ga-67 in the lesion]. PMID- 3165148 TI - [Nursing actions to enhance the waning appetite of leukemic patients]. PMID- 3165146 TI - [Refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) and erythroleukemia (M6) in two brothers]. PMID- 3165149 TI - [Nursing of a patient with acute myelocytic leukemia and perianal abscess]. PMID- 3165150 TI - [Nursing of a child in the terminal stage of leukemia--support of the mother who was unable to accept the illness]. PMID- 3165151 TI - [Characteristics of leukemia therapy in children]. PMID- 3165152 TI - Tourette's disorder coupled with infantile autism: a prospective study of two boys. AB - In a longitudinal study, two boys in the Outpatient Psychiatric Clinic at Tokyo University were found to exhibit Tourette's disorder in addition to the original diagnoses of infantile autism. This paper addresses problems of applying the diagnostic criteria of DSM-III in terms of voluntary tic suppression in diagnosing patients with both disorders. Differences between motor tics and stereotyped movements in patients with both infantile autism and Tourette's disorder have been clearly distinguished. This may enable us to identify more autistic individuals with Tourette's disorder by focusing on these differences. In contrast to Burd et al.'s findings and implications, these two boys have not manifested spurts in language and social relationships nor have their conditions significantly improved, despite the development of Tourette's disorder. PMID- 3165154 TI - [Detection of anti-p24 in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3165153 TI - [Routine study of the human immunodeficiency virus antigen in blood banks]. PMID- 3165156 TI - Malignant bone tumors. PMID- 3165155 TI - Exchange of cerebrospinal fluid in accidental intrathecal overdose of cytarabine. AB - Intrathecal cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside) is included in many protocols for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of childhood. We report here the accidental administration of 200mg cytarabine intrathecally to a 4-year-old boy with CNS relapse. After the overdose the patient had dilated pupils during the first hour. One month later an unsteady gait and mild intention tremor in the hands were noted. By the exchange of cerebrospinal fluid with isotonic saline started 1 hour after overdose through a lumbar needle, about 27% of the administered dose was recovered. The estimated recovery in view of the time elapsed between overdose and start/end of the exchange procedure was 36%. This indicates that this procedure is of value in managing patients with heavy overdose of intrathecal cytarabine in hospitals without neurosurgical facilities. PMID- 3165157 TI - Lack of transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus by unusual "needlestick" injuries. PMID- 3165158 TI - [Significance of detection of human immunodeficiency virus antigen (HIV-Ag) in the diagnosis of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)]. PMID- 3165159 TI - Instability of Mex- phenotype in human lymphoblastoid cell lines. AB - Three lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) had extremely low activities of O6 alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (O6-AGT), and were classified as Mex-. They were highly sensitive to cell killing by 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoure a hydrochloride (ACNU), whereas NMO2, a Mex+ LCL with a high O6-AGT activity, was resistant to the agent. Small fractions of these Mex- LCLs survived the treatment with 10 micrograms/ml of ACNU for 24 h, and the surviving cells were found to be resistant to subsequent treatments with the agent. In addition, they contained O6-AGT activities comparable to that of NMO2 and were therefore regarded as Mex+. These results suggest that the Mex- phenotype in LCLs is unstable. PMID- 3165161 TI - Why ion pair reversal by protein engineering is unlikely to succeed. AB - Genetic engineering is a powerful tool for exploring correlations between structure and function in proteins, but as yet we are unable to use it for effective protein design. One of the most interesting examples, which would seem to be obvious, is reversing the polarity of an ion pair. Changing a positively charged protein group, that provides a strong binding for negative substrates, to a negative group is expected to provide an effective binding site for a positively charged substrate. But several recent experiments on aspartate aminotransferase, trypsin and aspartate transcarbamoylase (Schachman, H. K. personal communication) have indicated that polarity reversal is not so successful. Here we argue that the same factors that make the enzyme an effective system for the (-+) pair will make it a much less effective system for the (+-) pair. We also point out that the unusually low effective dielectric constant (epsilon approximately equal to 13) for the (-+) interaction is due to its microenvironment and this will destabilize a (+-) arrangement having an entirely different dielectric constant (epsilon approximately equal to 80). The calculations presented here evaluate the energetics of ion pairs in protein active sites on a semiquantitative level. This is particularly important when dealing with strong, functionally important interactions that are difficult to evaluate with macroscopic models. PMID- 3165160 TI - Polysaccharide storage myopathy. AB - In a woman with a slowly progressive adult onset proximal myopathy, muscle biopsy showed storage of PAS positive material in type 1 fibers. This material consisted of a branched chain polysaccharide associated with a mucoprotein. No abnormality of glycogen-pathway enzymes was detected. This suggested that this polysaccharide accumulation occurred because the polysaccharide was laid down in a non bioavailable form. The clinical and histochemical features in this patient and in the few similar reported cases indicate that polysaccharide storage myopathy is a distinct entity that is allied to the glycogen storage myopathies. PMID- 3165162 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome and optic neuropathy in acute leukemia. AB - We report the unique case of an 18-year-old man with acute myelomonoblastic leukemia in whom Guillain-Barre syndrome and optic neuropathy developed as a part of a clinical presentation. PMID- 3165163 TI - Problems with NMR spectroscopy in human metabolic myopathies. PMID- 3165165 TI - [The law of professional practice. The regulation of the exercise of the profession of nursing: a social necessity]. PMID- 3165164 TI - Activators of protein kinase C potentiate electrically stimulated hormone secretion from the rat's isolated neurohypophysis. AB - Two activators of protein kinase C, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) and 1-oleoyl 2-acetylglycerol (OAG), augment electrically stimulated vasopressin and oxytocin secretion from the nerve terminals of the isolated rat neurointermediate lobe. The increased hormone release produced by PDBu is specific to the beta-phorbol conformation, and is dependent upon electrical stimulation in the presence of calcium. Furthermore, the potentiation of release was evident during low frequency stimulation (4 Hz) but not when the same number of pulses were applied at 20 Hz. This occlusion of the phorbol ester's effect by high-frequency stimulation suggests that activation of protein kinase C may play a role in the normal process of frequency-dependent facilitation of secretion in the neurohypophysial system. PMID- 3165166 TI - [Ramon y Cajal, a general and a surgical specialty hospital]. PMID- 3165167 TI - Another view on wearing gloves. PMID- 3165169 TI - Shpuntoff article. PMID- 3165168 TI - Gloves--a public health issue. PMID- 3165170 TI - The multi-hospital dental service. PMID- 3165171 TI - Hospital dentistry and general practice. A symbiotic relationship. PMID- 3165173 TI - Choosing a resident. The matching plan. PMID- 3165172 TI - Student hospital dentistry experiences. PMID- 3165174 TI - AIDS symptoms as seen by the dentist. PMID- 3165175 TI - On the application of research findings. PMID- 3165176 TI - Prostaglandin E2 and protein release following Nd:YAG laser application to the anterior capsule of rabbit lens. AB - We compared the effects of Nd:YAG laser anterior capsulotomy and photophacofragmentation on the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and protein in the New Zealand rabbit aqueous humor. Following anterior capsulotomy, the concentration of PGE2 was significantly more elevated (P less than .025) than it was in the contralateral untreated eyes at intervals from one-half hour up to four hours, and rapidly decreased in 24 hours. The concentration of protein showed a relatively gradual increase which became significant (P less than .05) after two hours, and remained elevated 24 hours after anterior capsulotomy. In contrast, photodisruption into the lens without damaging the anterior capsule showed little effect on the release of PGE2 and protein in the aqueous humor. PMID- 3165178 TI - Changes in mandibular position during treatment with disk-repositioning onlays: a roentgen stereophotogrammetric study. AB - Seven patients with temporomandibular joint disk displacement were treated with disk-repositioning onlays, and changes in the mandibular position were studied by means of roentgen stereophotogrammetry. A wide range of changes in mandibular position was seen at cementation of the onlays and during the observation period. On an average, recapturing of the disk and cementation of the onlays lowered the mandible by 2.5 mm and protruded it by 0.5 mm. During the observation period of 7 months the mandible had a tendency to resume its original position. The relapse was 80% in the sagittal plane, 70% in the transverse plane, and 12% in the vertical plane. It was concluded that disk-repositioning onlays can be used to lower the mandible with a relatively small relapse. Changes in the horizontal plane, however, seem to be less stable. PMID- 3165177 TI - Relationship of mandibular anterior tooth apices to genial muscle attachments. AB - Ten adult midsagittally sectioned cadaver heads were used to measure the distance between the apex of the central incisor or canine teeth and the attachment of the genioglossus or geniohyoid muscles. Measurements were made on both cadaver specimens and radiographs. The results of the two methods showed no statistically significant difference. The results indicate that there is a relatively small chance (5.6%) of including the genioglossus attachment in the lingual pedicle if an anterior mandibular subapical osteotomy is positioned 3 to 5 mm below the incisor apex but a large chance (65%) of including the genioglossus muscle when the osteotomy procedure includes the canine teeth. PMID- 3165179 TI - Dental patients in a general pain clinic. AB - Case histories of 15 patients with dental pain who were examined at the Royal Adelaide Hospital Pain Clinic were reviewed. These were the only patients with dental pain seen at the clinic over a 10-year period and represent less than 1% of the total patients fully examined at the clinic. Only one patient had an underlying organic problem; the remainder had a diagnosis of atypical facial pain. Common characteristics that pointed to the diagnosis of intractability were the duration of the pain, extensive and multiple ineffective treatments, a history of pain elsewhere in the body, and a history of psychologic disturbance. Ten of the 12 patients who were offered and accepted psychotherapeutic treatment had appreciable symptomatic relief. No dental or surgical treatments resulted in any pain relief. PMID- 3165180 TI - Long-term prognosis for the clicking jaw. AB - Ninety-four patients who complained of clicking of the temporomandibular joint not associated with pain were followed up for varying lengths of time. Analysis of the follow-up indicates that approximately 70% of the patients who have a painless, clicking temporomandibular joint will eventually have pain and that the use of a nonrepositioning occlusal splint does not lessen the likelihood of pain ensuing. PMID- 3165181 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case involving four third molar extraction sites. PMID- 3165182 TI - Trismus caused by paradoxical activity of jaw-closing muscles in brain stem tuberculoma. AB - An ipsilateral trismus of jaw-closing muscles during jaw opening is reported in a patient with brain stem tuberculoma. This condition is only superficially simulated by spasticity or tetanus. The decisively differentiating clinical and electromyographic features and the possible pathophysiologic mechanism underlying such trismus are discussed. PMID- 3165183 TI - Covert self-mutilation of oral tissues and skin by mechanical and chemical means. AB - A case is presented in which a patient performed persistent covert acts of self mutilation through mechanical and chemical means. The lesions first involved the oral mucosa and then the skin and were misinterpreted as erythema multiforme and pyoderma gangrenosum, respectively. PMID- 3165184 TI - Rhinolithiasis: a review. AB - A rhinolith is an object that has become lodged in the nose and has slowly calcified. It is seen on dental radiographs as a radiopaque object in the nasal fossa and may be confused with several pathologic entities that call for more invasive surgical procedures. A history of unilateral nasal stuffiness, obstruction, and discharge is common but not always present. Two clinically diverse cases are presented. PMID- 3165185 TI - Oral Kaposi's sarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 23 homosexual and bisexual men from the New York metropolitan area. AB - A total of 3970 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome had been reported to the Centers for Disease Control by the end of 1986. The prevalence of oral KS in patients with KS of the skin varies, reaching a maximum of 44% in one published study. We present a retrospective clinicopathologic analysis of 23 previously unreported cases of oral KS in male homosexual and bisexual patients from the New York metropolitan area. Our data reveal that 21 of the patients had KS confined to the oral cavity and that, in 16 cases, the oral KS was the first presenting sign of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Sixteen of the 23 patients had solitary oral lesions. Nineteen of the tumors showed prominent endothelium-lined capillaries resembling lymphatics, 16 exhibited a prominent spindle cell component, and 17 demonstrated areas of fibrosis. Of the 13 patients for whom there was adequate follow-up information, five were dead within 6 to 15 months. All five deaths were due to Pneumocystis pneumonia. PMID- 3165186 TI - Resolution of oral hairy leukoplakia during treatment with azidothymidine. AB - This report presents a case of oral hairy leukoplakia that has completely disappeared during treatment with azidothymidine. The reason for the resolution of the lesions in this case is not certain, but the outcome may be due to the action of the drug on the agent or agents causing the lesion. PMID- 3165187 TI - Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. AB - A case of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis with prominent oral manifestations is described. The case is presented to emphasize the oral involvement since there appear to be no reports of this entity in the dental literature. PMID- 3165188 TI - A case of IgD myeloma with extraosseous spread to the gingiva. AB - A case of IgD myeloma at first diagnosed as Bence Jones type is reported. Multiple myeloma was diagnosed in the patient, a 39-year-old man with a tumor of the gingiva, because of the presence of multiple bone lesions with plasma cell proliferation and profuse urinary excretion of Bence Jones protein (lambda-type). An increase of serum IgD level (770 mg/dL) and a decrease in other classes of immunoglobulins were indicated by quantitative analysis; however, no apparent M component was indicated by conventional electrophoresis on a cellulose acetate membrane. Microscopic examination of the specimen showed numerous atypical plasma cells. The disease profile of IgD myeloma, as well as the reasons IgD myeloma may be easily mistaken for Bence Jones type myeloma, is discussed. PMID- 3165189 TI - Bilateral mandibular hamartomas and familial natal teeth. AB - The case of a newborn girl with two mandibular incisor natal teeth and bilateral mandibular odontogenic harmartomas is presented. The hamartomas were evident as pedunculated masses on the posterior mandibular gum pads. The natal teeth were extracted at birth, and the hamartomas were excised at 5 months of age. Microscopic investigation of the hamartoma demonstrated the presence of all odontogenic tissues with the exception of an enamel organ. In addition, there was a strong family history of natal teeth, which may suggest a hereditary basis for the development of the odontogenic hamartoma. PMID- 3165190 TI - Clinical and laboratory assessments of camphorated monochlorophenol in endodontic therapy. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of camphorated monochlorophenol (CMCP) on bacterial status of root canals of nonvital teeth during treatments. The presence of bacteria in 15 single-rooted teeth with periapical lesions was studied throughout a whole period of treatment. Patients were randomly divided into three groups. In group 1, a control group, the intracanal medication was omitted. The teeth were enlarged under aseptic conditions in combination with the use of 3% H2O2 and 5.25% NaOCl as irrigants. In group 2, after chemomechanical preparation, the root canals were dressed with 2 microliter of 40% CMCP. The medicament was replaced on days 3 and 7. In group 3, root canals were treated in a manner similar to those in group 2, except that the medicament was renewed on days 1 and 7. The loss of CMCP was determined in groups 2 and 3. The results showed that chemomechanical preparation could reduce bacteria in root canals to an uncultivable number. Approximately 62.5% of the original concentration of CMCP was lost after placement in root canals for 1 day. Intracanal dressing with CMCP between appointments induced a rapid decrease in number of bacteria in root canals within the first 1 to 3 days. However, compared to chemomechanical preparation, the antimicrobial effect of CMCP was not clinically impressive because negative cultures also could be observed despite the absence of intracanal medications. PMID- 3165191 TI - Radiographic examination of comprehensive care patients in U.S. and Canadian dental schools. AB - Between 1977 and 1987, there was a shift in the radiographic prescribing practices for the dentulous adult comprehensive care patient in U.S. and Canadian dental schools. The number of schools ordering films on the basis of selection criteria or patient need increased from 1 to 13, while the number of schools ordering both an intraoral full-mouth series and a panoramic radiograph decreased from 30 to 13. However, in 1987, there were still 56 schools that expressed a preference for a particular standard examination. In the current study, the panoramic radiograph (with and without supplemental periapical views) was the most frequently stated preferred examination for the edentulous adult patient, and the panoramic and bitewing examination was the most frequently stated preferred examination for the child patient. PMID- 3165192 TI - Unusual object in the infratemporal fossa. PMID- 3165193 TI - Tonsillolith. PMID- 3165194 TI - Total synthesis and expression of a gene for the alpha-subunit of bovine rod outer segment guanine nucleotide-binding protein (transducin). AB - To facilitate structure-function studies by site-specific mutagenesis, we have synthesized a gene for the alpha-subunit of the bovine rod outer segment (ROS) guanine nucleotide-binding protein (transducin). The gene codes for the native amino acid sequence and contains, by design, 38 unique restriction sites which are uniformly spaced. This enables mutagenesis in any part of the gene by restriction fragment replacement. The gene is 1076 base pairs in length. It was constructed from 44 synthetic oligonucleotides which were joined enzymatically in vitro into four fragments which were cloned. The synthetic transducin gene and cDNA encoding transducin were expressed to similar levels in monkey kidney cells (COS-1) using a vector in which transcription was under the control of the adenovirus major late promoter. PMID- 3165195 TI - Pattern descriptors and the unidentified reading frame 6 human mtDNA dinucleotide binding site. AB - In an effort to identify the structural elements essential to a given protein function a new pattern-directed inference system has been developed. It has been employed to identify a potential dinucleotide-binding domain within the human mitochondrial unidentified reading frame 6 product, thereby supporting an earlier study that this gene may encode a NADH dehydrogenase subunit. PMID- 3165198 TI - [Aclarubicin in metastatic thyroid cancer: initial clinical experience]. PMID- 3165196 TI - Transforming growth factor beta inhibits formation of osteoclast-like cells in long-term human marrow cultures. AB - Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), a polypeptide present in abundant amounts in bone matrix, was examined for its effects on osteoclast formation by using a human bone marrow culture system in which multinucleated cells (MNCs) with osteoclast characteristics form. TGF-beta strongly inhibited MNC formation at concentrations as low as 1 ng/ml. TGF-beta also completely suppressed the effects of osteotropic factors known to stimulate MNC formation. The inhibitory effect of TGF-beta on osteoclast-like cell formation was more pronounced during the first week of culture, which corresponds to the period of proliferation of mononuclear osteoclast precursors. To examine whether the inhibitory effects of TGF-beta on MNC formation could be due to inhibition of the granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cell [colony-forming unit granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM)], the probable precursor for MNC, we tested the effects of TGF-beta on CFU-GM formation in presence of a source of colony stimulating factor. Unexpectedly, TGF-beta at concentrations (0.1-1 ng/ml) that were inhibitory for MNC formation enhanced day 7 CFU-GM colony formation. This increase in CFU-GM colony formation seen in cultures containing TGF-beta resulted from significantly more granulocytic colonies being formed in the cultures, suggesting that TGF-beta may induce CFU-GM to differentiate preferentially to cells of the granulocytic lineage. Differentiation of CFU-GM to granulocytes rather than osteoclast precursors in response to TGF-beta would result in inhibition of MNC formation by depleting the precursor pool for MNC. These data suggest that inhibition of osteoclast-like cell formation by TGF-beta may be an important mechanism of control of local bone resorption. PMID- 3165199 TI - [Peritonsillar abscess in hospital practice]. PMID- 3165197 TI - Diagnosis of chronic myeloid and acute lymphocytic leukemias by detection of leukemia-specific mRNA sequences amplified in vitro. AB - The Philadelphia chromosome is present in more than 95% of chronic myeloid leukemia patients and 13% of acute lymphocytic leukemia patients. The Philadelphia translocation, t(9;22), fuses the BCR and ABL genes resulting in the expression of leukemia-specific, chimeric BCR-ABL messenger RNAs. To facilitate diagnosis of these leukemias, we have developed a method of amplifying and detecting only the unique mRNA sequences, using an extension of the polymerase chain reaction technique. Diagnosis of chronic myeloid and acute lymphocytic leukemias by this procedure is rapid, much more sensitive than existing protocols, and independent of the presence or absence of an identifiable Philadelphia chromosome. PMID- 3165201 TI - Advances in neurological rehabilitation and restorative neurology. Proceedings of the satellite symposium. Ljubljana, September 8-10, 1985. PMID- 3165202 TI - A quantitative method of evaluation of gait under the influence of electrical stimulation in hemiparetic patients. AB - To improve the procedure of selecting stimulation parameters for the best functional movement, quantitative gait evaluation was investigated. Based on the information obtained by force measuring shoes and a goniometric system, the method consists of computing average values and standard deviations of ground reaction and its point of action, goniometric functions, as well as the ankle joint torque in the sagittal and frontal plane, and their graphic representation. Deviation of the measured variables with respect to the normal gait pattern is the measure of the gait quality. Stimulation parameters were adjusted so that the patient's gait pattern approached normal. PMID- 3165203 TI - The influence of piracetam on the motor activity of rabbits with contusioned spinal cord. AB - Rabbits were made paraplegic by spinal cord contusion. There was a good correlation between motor function and microscopic findings. The spinal lesion significantly increased creatine kinase (CKBB) isoenzyme activity in cord tissue. Significant protection from paralysis was conveyed by piracetam (a psychoactive drug with neuroprotective activity) (2 g.kg-1 i.v.) administered once per day during 9 posttraumatic days. Piracetam significantly diminished increased activity of CKBB in the severed spinal cord. The sooner the piracetam was injected after the lesion the better protective effect was seen. No side effects of piracetam were seen. PMID- 3165200 TI - No evidence for vertical transmission in children born to HIV seropositive male haemophiliacs. AB - In order to evaluate the risk of HIV transmission during conception or pregnancy from seropositive male haemophiliacs to their children, we have investigated the families of 8 HIV antibody positive haemophilia A patients. HIV antibodies could be demonstrated in 1/9 mothers after delivery of her second child, whereas all the other mothers tested were seronegative. Of the 14 children studied at least 7 must have been conceived when the father was already seropositive. HIV antibodies were tested for in 6 of these 7 children; all were negative. All 14 children are healthy and free from clinical signs of HIV infection. We conclude that the overall risk of perinatal HIV transmission in haemophilic families should be low and this knowledge may be invaluable in family counselling. PMID- 3165204 TI - The new surgical rehabilitation of arm-hand function in the tetraplegic patient. PMID- 3165205 TI - Fusimotor activity: its possible significance in muscle hypertonia. AB - Apart from the direct influences of muscle spindle sensory endings on skeletomotor neurones a great deal of their reflex drive is provided indirectly via the gamma-loop. Coactivity of skeletomotor and fusimotor neurones provides, on that occasion, for the servoassistance of muscular movement. Fusimotor neurones modulate their discharge rate in parallel with that of the skeletomotor neurons during reflex muscle contraction in decerebrated cats. These modulations take part during the rising phase of the reflex muscle tension as well as during the maintained reflex muscle contraction when small tension oscillations are present in a muscle. Fusimotor firing does not provide the main stimulus for the contractile activity of the muscle in the decerebrated cats but serves to reflect or to reproduce (within the spindle) the extent and the time course of tension changes in a muscle throughout the whole course of its reflex contraction. PMID- 3165206 TI - Microsurgical procedures in the peripheral nerves and the dorsal root entry zone for the treatment of spasticity. AB - When spasticity becomes severe and harmful, in spite of physical and medical therapy, neurosurgery can give functional improvement. This paper deals with the long term results of Selective Peripheral Neurotomies of the Tibial Nerve and Selective Posterior Rhizotomies in the Dorsal Root Entry Zone, in 123 patients with spastic disorders localized to the limbs. The micro-techniques and intra operative electro-stimulation for identification of the nervous structures responsible for the spastic components, can give a substantial reduction of the harmful spasticity, without suppressing the useful muscle tone and impairing the residual motor and sensory functions. The results were effective, with a 1 to 13 year follow-up (5 on average), in 89% of 47 Selective Peripheral Neurotomies of the tibial nerve for spastic foot, in 92% of 53 Selective Posterior Rhizotomies for paraplegia and in 87% of 23 Selective Posterior Rhizotomies for hemiplegia. In the most severe situations ("comfort" indications), correction of the abnormal postures and relief of pain facilitated nursing and physiotherapy. Sometimes there was reappearance of some useful voluntary movements. In the less affected patients ("functional" indications), the suppression of the harmful spastic components made the persistant capacities more effective. PMID- 3165207 TI - Intraoperative electrical stimulation for functional posterior rhizotomy. AB - Intraoperative electrical stimulation of dorsal spinal roots from L1 to S1 bilaterally was performed in 80 patients affected by cerebral palsy, in whom spasticity was the main symptom. Clinical examination and EMG recordings showed three main features of reflex responses. We know that they indicate respectively a normal presence, a defect or an excess of inhibitory activity within the spinal circuits examined. Only those roots or rootlets involved in circuits where normal inhibitory processes are reduced or absent are surgically sectioned. Therefore these circuits are interrupted. The theoretical bases and long-term results indicate that this method is a useful and correct approach to the neurosurgical therapy of spasticity. It allows us to utilize a new important criterion to identify the roots or rootlets to be sectioned, based not on the anatomic, but on the functional selection. PMID- 3165208 TI - Use of animal models in study of recovery functions after brain lesions. AB - We studied the effects of selective exclusions of the classical and commissural pathways in the visual and somatosensory systems in cats on 1) Conditioning (instrumental conditioned reflexes), 2) Electrophysiological responses in specific, related and distinct brain structures and 3) Gross neurological and behavioral changes. Transections within main projection inputs to thalamic relay nuclei (lateral geniculate body for the visual and VPL-VPM complex for the somatosensory system) on one side of the brain, as well as of the commissures of the telencephalon, diencephalon and mesencephalon, reduce but do not abolish visual and somatosensory evoked responses on both hemispheres. Follow-up studies of the gross neurological (dysmetria, ataxia, myogenic atony, anisocoria) and behavioral (motor habituation) changes, after these transections, showed that the deficits were unstable and disappeared mostly within two months, except the anisocoria which lasted longer. The dynamics of the formation of conditioned defense reflexes with the different exclusion of commissural and classical pathways in the visual and somatosensory systems showed the participation of mutual possibilities for learning in animals with the reduced brain. PMID- 3165209 TI - Sustained attention and information processing speed in chronic survivors of severe closed head injury. AB - Sustained attention and information processing speed in 15 long-term survivors of severe closed head injury and 14 demographically matched controls have been examined. The average time between head injury and testing was 3.6 years. The performance of patients on all tasks was impaired relative to controls, thus documenting persistent deficits in attention. Of particular interest was the finding that controls were capable of redirecting and improving their sustained attention during a test session versus the steady decline in patient performance. The findings are discussed within the framework of controlled attentional processes. PMID- 3165210 TI - A program for crisis-intervention after traumatic brain injury. AB - A model for crisis-intervention and family therapy is presented. Each patient admitted to the neurosurgical wards with a diagnosis of acute cerebral contusion is contacted by one member of the psychotherapeutic team within 10 days. When the patient is psychotherapeutically approachable, he is offered crisis-intervening therapy followed by family therapy when considered appropriate. The effect of the crisis-intervention is gauged one and two years after the trauma. At the same time the treated and non-treated patients' psycho-social functioning is investigated. The preliminary results suggest that patients who participated in the program achieved an overall better adjustment to life after the traumatic brain injury than did those without psychotherapy. PMID- 3165211 TI - The coping process after traumatic brain injury. AB - Based on the concept that health means ability to experience satisfaction of life, a paradigm for rehabilitation medicine is proposed: The primary task of rehabilitation after brain injury is to restore function and to turn residual disability to ability as much as possible. For this purpose we want to emphasize the necessity to identify the functions and dysfunctions which determine the coping process. Such analysis enables the team members to provide adequate support for the patients' reorientation towards new vital goals. PMID- 3165212 TI - Language and speech defects. AB - A review of recent research conducted at the Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine in New York City concerning speech and language deficits in closed head injured patients (CHI). One hundred and twenty-five consecutive admissions of 125 closed head injured post coma patients were administered standardized aphasia tests to determine the presence and nature of verbal deficits. Mean time since injury for the group was 45 weeks. All patients, without exception, evidenced linguistic impairment. The population fell into three relatively equally sized groups: classic aphasia, dysarthria accompanied by linguistic deficits, and "subclinical" aphasic deficits. The study results suggest that linguistic functions are particularly vulnerable in severe head injury. A second study compared aphasia secondary to CVA and CHI. When age and time since onset were controlled, aphasic CHI and CVA patients are more similar than different in linguistic task performance and overall functional communication effectiveness. The results suggest that the therapeutic approaches traditionally implemented with CVA aphasic patients are appropriate for the management of CHI aphasic patients as well. PMID- 3165213 TI - Recovery of motor function after severe traumatic coma. AB - This paper describes the resumption of motor activity during the successive stages of recovery following severe traumatic coma and discusses the likely mechanisms of such resumption. Even in severe brain injury a considerable amount of motor recovery is possible and leads to a normal level of function in half of the cases. The impairment of voluntary movements is often transitory and recovers spontaneously but in cases of persistent deficits probably from direct lesion of the pyramidal tract re-education efforts are relatively inefficient. The disorders of reflex and semi-automatic motor activity subserving tonic adjustments, gait and locomotion are nearly constant and often severe. The recovery of this basal function is the most important to attain and to secure and this can be achieved through extensive and prolonged retraining of reflex activity. Presumably these disorders are not caused by direct lesions of brainstem structures but rather to a functional denervation akin to spinal shock. A resumption of function in the denervated groups of neurons should necessitate the reopening of silent synapses and/or a structural reorganisation of synaptic connections, this dynamic process being highly influenced by retraining. PMID- 3165214 TI - [Radio-oncology--advances and integration of the last few years]. AB - Progress in radiation oncology can be ascribed to better staging (diagnostic procedures such as CT and MRI), improved pathological classification, innovations in treatment planning (CT, computerized planning systems, patient fixation) and modern accelerators. These various contributions are demonstrated in detail taking radiation therapy of prostate cancer as an example. The importance of these (largely technological) advances is discussed, together with ways of balancing the technical and human aspects. PMID- 3165215 TI - [The future of neuroradiology]. AB - Neuroradiology, originally developed through invasive techniques arising out of cooperation between radiology and neurosurgery, has today become a specialty which, thanks to its new non-invasive methods, can provide much information about diseases of the nervous system. The diagnosis of affections of the brain parenchyma in vivo by computed tomography or magnetic resonance demands intensive cooperation between all the specialties in the field of neurosciences, especially neurobiochemistry. Beyond its diagnostic applications, interventional neuroradiology has opened up promising therapeutic perspectives. PMID- 3165216 TI - [Screening for breast cancer]. AB - On the "why", "whom" and "how" of breast screening for carcinoma, the following answers can be provided: Why? As there is no primary prevention, secondary prevention by early diagnosis is the only way to reduce breast cancer mortality. On the other hand, breast cancers discovered by screening can be conservatively treated more often than when they become symptomatic; this is especially important in young patients. For whom? Every woman over the age of 35-40 should be accepted for breast cancer screening. In countries such as Switzerland it is unthinkable to impose screening or even to send personal invitations for screening to the population. Only repeated information through newspapers, TV and conferences will induce women to come for screening. The costs would be paid for by the patient, as medical insurances do not cover this type of preventive medicine. How? Only screening through mammography with or without breast palpation, performed by paramedical personnel, can be considered, because of the cost. It should be done outside the senologic consultation setup for symptomatic patients where a doctor is in charge of the clinical consultation. As Doctor Van der Linde said at the end of his talk at the last Convention of the Swiss Senology Society in Lausanne, pilot projects for breast screening in Switzerland should be started. The Swiss Cancer Society has lately created a commission for early detection of breast cancer to study ways of launching a project. PMID- 3165217 TI - [Clinical radiation biology]. AB - Clinical radiobiology covers three fields. 1. Radiation hazards and radiation protection: The fundamentals for evaluation of radiation hazards in man are reviewed. The biomedical effect of low doses is of chief importance in regard to use of radiation in radiodiagnosis and medicine, which account for most artificial radiation exposure in man. Interesting features are stochastic effects without a threshold dose, such as induction of cancer, mutation and developmental anomalies. 2. Optimization of radiotherapy: Apart from amelioration of temporal radiation distribution, possible modifiers are tested such as chemical substances (as sensitizers of tumor cells and protectors of healthy tissue) or hyperthermia. For selective irradiation of the tumor, various kinds of radiation are evaluated, e.g. pions, protons and heavy ions. 3. Public education and information. PMID- 3165219 TI - Biologists eschew weapons research. PMID- 3165218 TI - [Training and competence testing. Various observations on specialization in radiodiagnostics]. AB - The aim of any medical education program is to transmit knowledge, know-how and behaviour. The present study considers how to attain these goals in a radiologists' residency program in order to achieve an optimum final level. The Swiss Radiological Society has attempted to tackle the problem by instituting the Swiss radiological examination, which is compulsory for award of the specialist diploma (FMH) in radiology. This new situation calls for new resources and new approaches. PMID- 3165220 TI - Cytogenetic studies in chronic myelogenous leukemia: a preliminary report. PMID- 3165221 TI - Chromosomal changes in chronic myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 3165222 TI - Prevalence of HIV antibody in recurrent attenders at a sexually transmitted disease clinic. AB - The prevalence of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus among recurrent attenders at a sexually transmitted disease clinic for blacks was investigated. Of 140 tested 4 subjects were seropositive and had no other known risk factors. PMID- 3165224 TI - Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in a child with leukemia. AB - A child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia presented with an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The rationale for aggressively investigating leukemic children with headache and isolated oculomotor nerve palsy is outlined. PMID- 3165223 TI - [Acute microgranular promyelocytic leukemia (M3 variant). Study of 14 patients]. PMID- 3165225 TI - Retinoic-acid-induced limb malformations resulting from apical ectodermal ridge cell death. AB - Pregnant C57Bl/6J mice were treated with single oral doses of 400 mg/kg 13-cis retinoic acid (RA, isotretinoin, Accutane) in sesame oil at 9 days, 12 hours postfertilization. Among the live 16-day fetuses from ten treated mothers, 46% (26/56) had limb malformations including small fifth digits, preaxial and/or postaxial oligodactyly, and preaxial or postaxial polydactyly. Fetuses with preaxial digit deficiencies also had absent or malformed radii. Scanning electron microscopic and light microscopic analyses of the sequence of developmental alterations leading to these malformations demonstrated abnormalities in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER). Excessive cell death in the AER of 27-30 somite embryos (12 hours after treatment) appears to play a major role in the pathogenesis of the limb malformations observed. Previous investigations of retinoid-induced limb malformations have concentrated on later exposure times. Evidence from this study in addition to that from previous teratologic and clinical investigations has led to the hypothesis that 13-cis RA results in excessive cell death in regions of programmed cell death and subsequent malformations of affected regions. PMID- 3165226 TI - Vitamin K is no antagonist for the action of warfarin in rat osteosarcoma UMR 106. AB - The recycling of vitamin K in the liver occurs via one or two dithiol-dependent reductases, which are strongly inhibited by coumarin derivatives such as warfarin. This inhibition may be partly overcome by the action of a NADH dependent reductase, which is relatively insensitive for warfarin. In this paper we demonstrate that the osteoblast-like osteosarcoma UMR 106 does not contain the NADH-dependent reductase. Assuming that a similar enzyme distribution occurs in normal osteoblasts this explains the observation of Price and Kaneda, that the administration of vitamin K to rats efficiently counteracted the effect of warfarin on blood coagulation, but that the vitamin had no effect on the Gla content of serum osteocalcin. PMID- 3165227 TI - Expression of class I-like alloantigens on leukemic cells is not correlated with the amount of HLA-A,B,C molecules. AB - The expression of class I-like allospecificities on leukemic blasts is not correlated to the amount of HLA-A,B,C molecules, as measured with MoAb W6/32 and IIF, nor with the quantitative expression of HLA-A molecules evaluated by absorption studies. PMID- 3165228 TI - Phase II trial of 4'-epi-doxorubicin in locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer. AB - Patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma received an i.v. bolus of 4'-epi-doxorubicin, 75/mg/m2/cycle, every 21 days. Partial responses were observed in 5 of 23 evaluable patients (21.7%). Treatment was generally well tolerated and toxicity was mild. The response rate to epirubicin appears to be very similar to that reported for doxorubicin. Larger doses of epirubicin could be safely used in future studies, and further evaluation of epirubicin in phase III trials is indicated. PMID- 3165229 TI - Ultrastructural localization of antigens recognized by the monoclonal antibodies MB1, MB2, MT1, UCHL1, and TAL 1B5. AB - In this study the ultrastructural localization of antigens recognized by novel antibodies that allow the recognition of lymphoid antigens in conventionally fixed and wax-embedded sections was investigated. MT1, MB1, and UCHL1 recognize antibodies restricted to the cell membrane, whereas the antigen recognized by MB2 is present only in the cytoplasm. These distributions are different from that of immunoreactivity with TAL 1B5 (anti-HLA DR), which is present both on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 3165231 TI - [Clinical value of typing antigens of the HLA system in patients with pyelo- and glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3165230 TI - [Comparative study of physico-chemical and biological properties of human somatotropin produced by genetic engineering and isolated from the pituitary gland]. AB - Human somatotropin hormono (STH), produced by means of gene engineering in the complex program "Human growth hormone", managed by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Ministry of Medical and Biological Industry of the USSR and Ministry of Public Health of the USSR, was shown to be similar in its physico-chemical properties to the main isoform of highly purified STH, isolated from human hypophysis. As distinct from the hypophyseal STH (STHhyp) containing minor isoforms of the hormone, the preparation of biosynthetic STH (des-Phe1-STH; STHbio) proved to be homogeneous. Studies of biological properties showed that STHbio exhibited high, similar to STHhyp, immunological, growth-stimulating and insulin-like activities as well as it possessed the lipotropic effect in vivo. The lipotropic effect of STHbio in vivo was less prolonged as compared with that of STHhyp, while in vitro it was only slightly expressed in isolated rabbit fat tissue. The effect did not depend on the hormone dose, apparently due to either absence of the hormone modified forms in the STHbio preparation or other hypophyseal contaminating substances responsible for the lipotropic activity. STHbio, similarly to STHhyp, did not stimulate DNA synthesis in blood serum-free culture of human fibroblasts. Studies of STHbio biological properties suggest that multifunctionality of native STHhyp appear to depend on intrinsic specificity of its molecule. PMID- 3165232 TI - Management of bone sarcomas at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. PMID- 3165233 TI - Isolation perfusion of the lower limb with platinum. PMID- 3165235 TI - Advance abstracts of papers. Scandinavian Society for the Study of Diabetes: 23rd annual meeting. May 5-7, 1988, Bergen. PMID- 3165234 TI - [HLA typing in Ullrich-Turner syndrome]. AB - 33 female patients with established anomaly of gonosomes were examined for the problem of a possible connection of the disease with certain types of HLA. An accumulation of individual specificites of HLA cannot be proved summarizingly; there are no significant differences to the control group. Remarkable and at present not yet to be interpreted is, however, the exclusive occurrence of the HLA-A1 in the 45,X-karyotype and iso-X-chromosomes, which needs further investigations. PMID- 3165236 TI - Combination chemotherapy for multiple myeloma with melphalan, ifosfamide, prednisolone, nitrosourea and vincristine. AB - Melphalan, ifosfamide, prednisolone, nitrosourea [1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5 pyrimidyl)-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride, ACNU or 1, 3-bis (2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, BCNU] and vincristine (MIP-NV) were given in combination to 48 patients with multiple myeloma. The response rate was 57% in previously untreated patients, and 39% in previously treated patients. The median survival time of previously untreated patients in stage IA + IIA was 49 months, and that of patients in stage IIIA + B was 27 months. The median survival time of stage III patients depended significantly on the duration of remission. The duration of remission and survival time of patients with relief of pain and improvement in daily activity were significantly longer than those of patients without such effects. Age, sex, blood hemoglobin concentration and bone lesion were important prognostic factors. As for the side effects, leukopenia (less than 1,000/microliter) and thrombocytopenia (less than 5 X 10(4)/microliter) occurred in 10.4% and 2.1% of the patients, respectively. It was concluded that multiple drug combination therapy with MIP-NV (MIP-NV therapy) was effective for patients with multiple myeloma at all clinical stages, because it resulted in long survival with low toxicity. PMID- 3165237 TI - The Friedewald-Levy-Fredrickson formula for calculating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the basis for lipid-lowering therapy. PMID- 3165238 TI - New attachment through periodontal treatment and orthodontic intrusion. AB - The present study was performed to investigate the tissue reaction related to orthodontic intrusion of teeth with a reduced periodontium and further to evaluate the influence of oral hygiene on this reaction. In each of five Macaca fascicularis monkeys, periodontal tissue breakdown was induced around the premolars and the upper incisors by placing orthodontic elastic ligatures around the teeth. The breakdown procedure was continued until a minimum of four pockets could be measured on probing. Following removal of the elastics, a flap operation was performed. The pocket epithelium and granulation tissue were excised. During the surgical procedure, a notch was placed just above the bone. The teeth were divided postoperatively into four groups according to treatment: group 1 = flap operation, no oral hygiene program; group 2 = flap operation plus oral hygiene program three times per week; group 3 = flap operation plus intrusion, no oral hygiene program; and group 4 = flap operation plus intrusion plus oral hygiene. Groups 3 and 4 were subdivided into two observation periods. A total of 60 teeth corresponding to 120 approximate surfaces were studied. The animals were killed with perfusion; histologic sections were produced and stained alternatively with hematoxylin and eosin, and van Gieson's solution. The histologic analysis showed that new cementum formation and new collagen attachment were observed following the surgical procedure if the oral hygiene was maintained, but also demonstrated that the intrusion improved the quantity of new attachment if carried out under healthy conditions. New attachment was a consistent finding in group 4, but varied from 0.7 to 2.3 mm. In case of intrusion without oral hygiene, the results varied from moderate new attachment to an aggravation of the periodontal bone loss. On the basis of the results presented here, the combination of periodontal treatment and orthodontic intrusion seems to be a method by which improvement of the periodontal condition can be obtained, provided that both the biomechanical force system and the oral hygiene are kept under control. PMID- 3165240 TI - The time value of money and orthodontic billing procedures. PMID- 3165239 TI - Orthodontic appliances and enamel demineralization. Part 2. Prevention and treatment of lesions. AB - Clinical experiments were performed to investigate the effect of fluoride on carious lesion development and on lesions established during fixed orthodontic therapy. All presently available fluoride agents are developed from the concept of fluoridating the enamel in the form of fluorhydroxyapatite. Recent research has indicated, however, that calcium fluoride formation may be a major aspect of the mechanism of the cariostatic effect of topical fluoride. Therefore a fluoride solution with very low pH (1.9) that induced large amounts of calcium fluoride also was tested on lesion development underneath orthodontic bands. Daily fluoride mouth rinsing with a 0.2% solution sodium fluoride (NaF) retarded lesion development significantly, whereas the fluoride solution with low pH inhibited lesion formation completely. Fluoride applied as a mouth rinse to plaque-covered lesions underneath orthodontic bands retarded lesion progression. The remineralizing capacity of saliva was found to be rapid in the absence of any fluoride. Although white spot lesions may remineralize and even disappear, most of the emphasis should be directed against prevention of carious lesion development during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. PMID- 3165241 TI - General practitioners and orthodontics: reply to Howard. PMID- 3165242 TI - When life hands you lemons, make lemonade! PMID- 3165243 TI - Re: Crossroads: acceptance or rejection of functional jaw orthopedics. PMID- 3165244 TI - New finding on AIDS virus. PMID- 3165245 TI - The super-elastic Japanese NiTi alloy wire for use in orthodontics. Part III. Studies on the Japanese NiTi alloy coil springs. AB - Closed and open Japanese nickel titanium (NiTi) alloy coil springs were fabricated from the Japanese NiTi alloy wire. The closed coil springs were subjected to a tensile test and the open coil springs were subjected to a compression test to evaluate the mechanical properties. At the same time, a test with the commercially available steel coil springs also was done. It was clearly established that the Japanese NiTi alloy coil springs exhibited superior springback and super-elastic properties similar to the properties of the Japanese NiTi alloy arch wires. In addition, it was shown that the load value of super elastic activity can be effectively controlled by changing the diameter of the wire, the size of lumen, the martensite transformation temperature, and the pitch of the open coil spring. The most important characteristic of the Japanese NiTi alloy coil springs is the ability to exert a very long range of constant light, continuous force. It is possible to use this coil selectively to obtain optimal tooth movement. PMID- 3165246 TI - Influence of the activator on electromyographic activity of mandibular elevator muscles. AB - Integrated electromyographic (IEMG) activity was recorded in 15 children with Class II, Division 1 malocclusion undergoing treatment with an activator. EMG activity was recorded with surface electrodes from anterior temporal and masseter muscles, with and without the activator in the postural mandibular position, during saliva swallowing and maximal voluntary clenching. Similar IEMG activity in the postural mandibular position and during maximal voluntary clenching, with and without activator, was observed. During saliva swallowing, the activity in both muscles was significantly higher with the activator. This supports the rationale for diurnal wear of the activator. Simple linear regression analysis showed a significant negative correlation between the change of masseter muscular activity during saliva swallowing and age of the children (r = -0.51), suggesting that treatment with the activator should be started at an early age. PMID- 3165247 TI - Tourette syndrome and neuropsychiatric disorders: is there a genetic relationship? PMID- 3165248 TI - An approach to intensive antileukemia therapy in patients with previous invasive aspergillosis. AB - PURPOSE: In an attempt to decrease the risk for reactivation of life-threatening invasive aspergillosis (IA) during subsequent myelosuppression in patients with previously diagnosed IA who were receiving antileukemic treatment, we evaluated the role of intensive antifungal therapy with amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine administered prophylactically throughout the antileukemic regimen and induced granulocytopenia to prevent IA reactivation without compromising the intensive chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a 30-month period, 10 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and primary IA developing during initial antileukemia induction therapy and severe granulocytopenia (less than 100/mm3) underwent 14 subsequent courses of intensive marrow aplasia-producing chemotherapy during early complete remission or at leukemia relapse. All patients had evidence of ongoing IA healing by lung computerized tomography (CT) prior to reinstitution of intensive chemotherapy. Nine patients receiving 13 chemotherapy courses also received aggressive prophylactic anti-IA therapy with amphotericin B (1.0 mg/kg/day) and 5-fluorocytosine beginning at least 48 hours prior to antileukemia therapy institution and continued until the time of granulocyte recovery. RESULTS: All nine patients receiving aggressive antifungal therapy survived without clinical evidence of IA reactivation. Transient radiographic evidence of IA reactivation during granulocytopenia was detected by lung CT during two of the 13 chemotherapy courses. In contrast, the patient who did not receive anti-IA prophylaxis had both clinical and radiographic evidence of IA reactivation during severe granulocytopenia and died. Anti-IA prophylaxis was achieved without irreversible nephrotoxicity, prolonged marrow suppression, alteration of antileukemia treatment, or negative impact on clinical outcome relative to acute leukemia. CONCLUSION: This approach of antifungal prophylaxis in adults with acute leukemia and documented primary IA occurring during initial induction chemotherapy has been successful in preventing clinically significant IA reactivation during subsequent granulocytopenic courses, and allows for administration of additional intensive antileukemia therapy. PMID- 3165249 TI - The activity of alpha interferons in chronic myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 3165250 TI - Immunohistochemical study of osteonectin in various types of osteosarcoma. AB - Polyclonal antibodies against osteonectin, a 32 kd non-collagenous bone protein, were applied for the histogenetic identification of variously differentiated osteosarcoma tissues. A strong positive reaction was found in matrix-producing osteosarcoma cells of the osteoblastic type, but pleomorphic or fibrosarcomatous osteosarcoma tissues reacted focally positive as well. Because the production of osteonectin depends on the osteoblastlike function of the individual tumor cell, a homogeneous immunocytochemical staining of all tumor cells cannot be expected. Nevertheless, the immunocytochemical demonstration of osteonectin in osteolytic tumors that produce no or scarcely any matrix seems to be a valuable tool for establishment of their osteogenic origin. PMID- 3165251 TI - Transport of a patient with an extremely low pulmonary compliance. PMID- 3165252 TI - Plasma luteinizing hormone and progesterone concentrations in goats with estrous cycles of normal or short duration after prostaglandin F2 alpha administration during diestrus or pregnancy. AB - Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone concentrations were compared in does experiencing short-duration estrous cycles and in does with estrous cycles of normal duration. The short-duration estrous cycles were observed immediately after induction of abortion in pregnant does by use of prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha. Intramuscular administration of 5 mg of PGF2 alpha was accomplished in 8 does that were 52 to 63 days into gestation and in 9 cycling does at 7 to 10 days after estrus. In both groups, the mean plasma concentration of progesterone decreased from a luteal phase concentration immediately before to less than 1 ng/ml by 24 hours after PGF2 alpha administration. Of the 8 does that aborted, 6 experienced short-duration estrous cycles, and 4 of these 6 had an LH surge during the time of blood sample collection. The mean time from PGF2 alpha administration to the LH surge was significantly (P less than 0.05) longer in does with short-duration estrous cycles (71 hours) than that in does with estrous cycles of normal duration (58 hours). The mean area under the LH concentration curve was significantly (P less than 0.005) less for does with short-duration estrous cycles. Short-duration estrous cycles were associated with delayed preovulatory LH surges of reduced magnitude. PMID- 3165253 TI - [Complications of retinoid treatment in children]. PMID- 3165254 TI - Alkaline phosphatase is an ectoenzyme that acts on micromolar concentrations of natural substrates at physiologic pH in human osteosarcoma (SAOS-2) cells. AB - Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was examined in cultured human osteosarcoma cells (SAOS-2) with respect to isoenzyme form, kinetic properties toward two natural substrates, and topography and nature of attachment to the plasma membrane. ALP in SAOS-2 homogenates is the tissue-nonspecific (TNS) isoenzyme and a phosphoethanolamine (PEA) and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) phosphatase, as demonstrated by heat and inhibition profiles and electrophoretic mobility. Kinetic studies indicate that TNSALP in SAOS-2 cells has both a low- and a high affinity activity. The high-affinity activity (showing the greater catalytic efficiency) is active at physiologic pH toward physiologic concentrations (microM) of PEA and PLP. TNSALP was shown to be an ectoenzyme in SAOS-2 cells by our findings in intact cell suspensions, where (i) PEA and PLP degradation in the medium nearly equaled that of whole cell homogenates, (ii) greater than 85% of ALP activity was inactivated by acid treatment, and (iii) ALP activity was quantitatively released by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. Our findings indicate that, in SAOS-2 cells, TNS (bone) ALP functions as an ectoenzyme to degrade physiologic concentrations of extracellular natural substrates at physiologic pH. PMID- 3165256 TI - A semiquantitative method of recording experimental tooth erosion and estimating occlusal wear in the rat. AB - As the erosive agent, a sport-drink mixture with pH 3.2 was given to Osborne Mendel rats for 6 weeks. Lingual surfaces of the right first mandibular molar crowns were chosen for the recording. With the aid of a drawing tube mounted on a stereomicroscope, enlarged drawings of the surfaces were made encircling the intact and eroded areas. A computer-coupled analyser was used to measure the areas of the total surface, intact surface, eroded enamel and exposed dentine in square millimetres. The data was evaluated statistically and used to calculate erosion changes and to estimate occlusal wear. PMID- 3165255 TI - Experiments with tissue cultures from a human ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma producing cancer antigen 125 (CA125), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). AB - The patient was a 57-year-old woman with ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma in FIGO clinical stage IV. Cancer antigen 125 (CA125), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were immunohistochemically demonstrated in tumor cells, and the variations of serum CA125 and TPA levels reflected the clinical course. The tumor tissue obtained at exploratory laparotomy was minced with scissors, and transplanted subcutaneously into female nude mice for in vivo maintenance. The tumor cells from 5th generation nude mice were dispersed in Eagle's minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, and incubated in Falcon tissue culture dishes at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2 in air for in vitro maintenance. The results were as follows: Histopathologically the tumor transplanted into nude mice showed a cystadenocarcinoma, which closely resembled the original human tumor. Immunohistochemically CA125, TPA and CEA were demonstrated in the tumor transplanted into nude mice as well as in the original human tumor. From the growth curve in nude mice, the doubling time was estimated to be about 3.5 days. Serum TPA levels in nude mice were increased in proportion to the tumor growth after transplantation, but serum levels CA125 and CEA were normal. The concentrations of CA125 and TPA were increased in the conditioned media compared with the control media, although the elevated values were decreased with subsequent passages. CEA concentrations in the conditioned media were unchanged. PMID- 3165257 TI - Influence of age on the morphology and transit time of murine stratified squamous epithelia. AB - To determine whether stratified squamous epithelia from aged animals differ from those of young animals, specimens of skin from the pinna of the ear, the back and footpad and mucosa from the palate, cheek and ventral surface of the tongue were excised from 10 young (3-4 month-old) and 10 old (23-24 month-old) C57B1/6NNia mice and prepared for light microscopy. Tracings were prepared of the nucleated cell compartment and epithelial thickness, the number of nucleated cells/mm2 surface, the basement membrane: surface ratio, cell density and the number of basal cells/mm basement membrane were determined. To evaluate the epithelial labelling index and tissue renewal, a further group of young and old mice were injected with 1 microCi/g [3H]-thymidine and killed after 1 h or 2, 4, 5, 6 or 8 days and sections were prepared for autoradiography. Whereas the epidermis from the ear and footpad showed a statistically-significant increase in thickness, the epithelium from the palate was thinner in the old animals. The other tissues examined showed no change. Cell density decreased with age in the palate; cell size increased with age in the ear and footpad. No statistically-significant differences in labelling index or minimum transit time were observed between young and old animals in any of the tissues. Thus, there is no single age associated change in epithelial structure or renewal common to all epithelia. PMID- 3165258 TI - Cyclic changes in the properties of maturing enamel in the bovine permanent incisor as revealed by glyoxal bis(2-hydroxyanil) staining. AB - Staining patterns of the surface and interior of maturing enamel of these tooth germs were examined using the glyoxal bis(2-hydroxyanil) (GBHA) solution which chelates with calcium loosely bound to hydroxyapatite to form insoluble red precipitates. An intense red, band-like pattern of GBHA staining, 1-2 mm wide, first appeared on the incisal portion of lingual enamel surface as complete loops, concentrically arranged; these gradually increased in number. Most of the later-formed bands encircled the entire periphery of the maturing enamel surface. GBHA also revealed reactive areas on the labio-lingual, cut and ground surface of maturing enamel, corresponding exactly to the surface GBHA bands. GBHA did not stain EDTA-etched surface enamel, but did reveal regular staining patterns on the ground surface, disclosed after EDTA treatment. These observations suggest an intimate correlation between the properties of interior and surface enamel, at least with regard to the state of local calcium. The maturation of bovine incisor enamel may start at the lingual aspect of the tooth crown. PMID- 3165259 TI - The projection pathway from the tooth pulp to the ipsilateral first somatosensory cortex (SI) in the cat. AB - About 40 per cent of tooth pulp-driven (TPD) neurones received afferent fibres from the ipsilateral tooth pulp. This ipsilateral afferent pathway was investigated in cats anaesthetized with nitrous oxide and halothane. The subcortical temperature of the brain was lowered to about 28 degrees C by perfusion of cold water within a thermode. Cooling the homotopic area contralateral to the recording site caused little change in the firing rate of short-latency TPD neurones upon ipsilateral pulp stimulation (n = 13). Microinjection (1-2 microliters) of 1 per cent lidocaine into the ipsilateral nucleus ventralis posteromedialis (VPM) caused significant diminution in the firing rate of short-latency TPD neurones (n = 11) to ipsilateral stimulation but not of long-latency TPD neurones (n = 8). About 35 per cent (13/35) of the TPD neurones distributed in the medial shell region of the VPM proper responded with short latency to ipsilateral pulp stimulation. These findings suggest that the ipsilateral input to short-latency TPD neurones in the oral area is carried via projection fibres from the ipsilateral VPM but not via commissural ones, and that the ipsilateral input to long-latency neurones is probably relayed in a site other than the ipsilateral VPM. PMID- 3165260 TI - Fluoride distribution and histological structure of human cementum. AB - Thirty-one teeth taken post-mortem from 10 subjects aged from 40 to 66 years were studied. A close relationship was found between fluoride (F) distribution and histological structure. Although, as in all mineralized tissues, F concentrations tended to be highest towards the external surface, individual patterns of F distribution also seemed to reflect the histological pattern, especially the distribution of cellular or acellular cementum. In general, F concentrations were high in acellular and low in cellular cementum. PMID- 3165261 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the substructure of smear layers in human dentine. AB - Smear-layer debris was sonicated from dentine surfaces and trapped on microfilters for microscopy, which showed that the layers are composed, in part, of aggregates of globular subunits approx. 0.05-0.1 micron in diameter. Such globules were also seen in smear layers in situ and on fractured dentine surfaces. The composition of smear layers may reflect the substructure of dentine matrix. PMID- 3165262 TI - Structural and functional studies of the effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation on rabbit submandibular salivary glands. AB - Continuous sympathetic stimulation at 8-10 Hz caused intense vasoconstriction in the gland, so stimulation was generally given in an interrupted pattern to minimize this detrimental effect on secretion. Only a small increase in fluid secretion occurred; it became thick and tended to block the cannula; therefore in later experiments the main duct was not cannulated. After sympathetic stimulation there was substantial degranulation of acinar cells. However, as this was accompanied by little movement of water, the secreted mucosubstance distended the ductal lumina. The granular tubule cells were unchanged by sympathetic stimulation. Use of selective blocking agents revealed that the sympathetically evoked secretion of acinar mucin was mediated mainly via beta-adrenoreceptor activation. As stimulation of the sympathetic nerves alone caused little additional formation of fluid, the effects of superimposing continuous low frequency sympathetic stimulation onto a background of low parasympathetic secretion were compared with similar parasympathetic stimulation alone of the contralateral gland. These double nerve stimulations did not augment the volume of fluid secreted, or cause morphological changes additional to those from parasympathetic stimulation alone. Nevertheless, it is likely that, under natural reflex conditions, sympathetic impulses can increase the amount of acinar mucosubstance secreted. PMID- 3165263 TI - Morphological changes in the rabbit submandibular gland after parasympathetic or sympathetic denervation. AB - Selective denervation was used to obtain further information about the relative roles of the nerves supplying the gland. Parasympathetic denervation soon caused atrophy in both acinar and granular tubule cells, and a substantial reduction in gland wet weight. The secretory cells had several unusual features, and striated duct cells tended to accumulate glycogen. Three to four weeks after pre ganglionic parasympathectomy, the parenchymal cells were less abnormal but still smaller than in the control, unoperated gland. Thus, parasympathetic impulses are required to maintain normal parenchymal cells. Chronic sympathectomy caused little or no detectable changes in the secretory cells, and there was no significant change in wet weight. Nevertheless, pre-ganglionic sympathetic axotomy reduced the reflex secretion of acinar mucosubstances in response to feeding. Thus, sympathetic impulses normally contribute to the reflex secretion of acinar mucosubstance from these glands. PMID- 3165264 TI - [1988 report of proceedings of the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1. Papers. Surgery of the petrous bone and adjacent base of the skull (middle ear surgery)]. PMID- 3165265 TI - Changes in circulating prostaglandin E and F2 alpha levels, cloacal temperature, and leukocyte counts in turkeys inoculated with Pasteurella multocida. AB - The inoculation of Pasteurella multocida (P-1059) intravenously into turkeys increased significantly the plasma prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha levels to 157% of the control values and the plasma PGE levels to 171% of control values at 3 hr after treatment. At 12 hr, the cloacal temperature of the inoculated birds was significantly higher than that of the control. The leukocyte count of inoculated birds remained unchanged from that of the control. However, the differential leukocyte count shifted in favor of significant increases in heterophils and decreases in lymphocytes and monocytes at 6 and 12 hr after inoculation. This study provides evidence that increases in plasma levels of PGF2 alpha and PGE may be partly responsible for the clinicopathological manifestations of acute fowl cholera. PMID- 3165266 TI - Prostaglandin effect on the enzymatic sulfation of mucus glycoprotein in gastric mucosa. AB - The effect of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (DMPGE2) on the sulfation of mucus glycoprotein in gastric mucosa was investigated. The enzymatic activity which catalyzes the transfer of the sulfate ester group from 3'-phosphoadenosine-5' phosphosulfate to gastric mucus glycoprotein was located in the detergent extracts of Golgi-rich membrane fraction of antral and body mucosa of rat stomach. The sulfotransferase activity of this fraction from body mucosa, however, was 35% higher than that from the antrum. The enzyme exhibited optimum activity at pH 6.8 using 0.5% Triton X-100 and 30 mM NaF. The apparent Km of the enzyme for sulfation of mucus glycoprotein was 10.5 microM, and the sulfate ester was found incorporated into the carbohydrate chains of the glycoprotein. Introduction of DMPGE2 to the reaction mixtures led to an enhancement in the rate of mucus glycoprotein sulfation. The rate of enhancement was proportional to the concentration of DMPGE2 up to 1.0 x 10(-4) M and was of the competitive type, with an apparent Km value of 6.7 microM. Since sulfated mucins play an important role in gastric mucosal defense and the increase in their sulfation occurred at levels of prostaglandin present in gastric mucosa, the observed effect may be of significance to gastric mucosal defense in vivo. PMID- 3165267 TI - Calcium antagonistic and spasmolytic activities of a new 1,5-benzothiazepine derivative in isolated canine and monkey arteries. AB - Effects of TA-3090 ((+) (2S,3S)-3-acetoxy-8-chloro-5-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-2, 3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,5-benzothiazepin-4-(5H)-one maleate)and diltiazem on contractions induced by different spasmogens were investigated in isolated canine and monkey arteries. Ca2+-antagonistic action in canine arteries, assessed by suppression of Ca2+-induced contraction in Ca2+-free, K+-depolarizing solution, was as follows; basilar (pA2 = 8.34) greater than coronary (pA2 = 7.95) greater than renal (pA2 = 7.46) = mesenteric artery (pA2 = 7.36). The potency of TA-3090 was 10 times greater in basilar artery and 2 to 3 times greater in the other arteries than that of diltiazem. The effect of TA-3090 on the arterial segment was more persistent than that of diltiazem. Relative vasorelaxing potency of TA-3090 to diltiazem in K+-induced contractions was greatest in the basilar artery among the tested arteries of both monkeys and dogs. Spasmolytic activities of TA-3090 on 5-HT-, PGF2 alpha-, U-46619 (thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 agonist) and oxyhemoglobin-induced contractions in canine basilar arteries were more potent than those of diltiazem, especially on 5-HT-induced contraction. In addition, TA-3090 suppressed 3,4-diaminopyridine-induced rhythmic contraction in the canine coronary artery. These results indicate that TA-3090 has potent Ca2+ antagonistic and spasmolytic activities, and these actions are most selective for basilar artery. PMID- 3165268 TI - Synthesis and stability of steroid sulfatase in fibroblasts from multiple sulfatase deficiency. AB - Multiple sulfatase deficiency is a lysosomal storage disorder, which can be divided into group I with severe and group II with moderate deficiencies in sulfatases. Antibodies raised against steroid sulfatase purified from human placenta were used to follow the biosynthesis and stability of this enzyme in multiple sulfatase-deficiency fibroblasts. Fibroblasts from both groups synthesized steroid sulfatase of apparently normal size and stability, while the apparent rate of enzyme synthesis and catalytic properties of steroid sulfatase were affected to a variable extent. Cell lines were observed, that synthesized normal amounts of steroid-sulfatase polypeptides, which were catalytically inactive, as well as cell lines that synthesized diminished amounts of catalytically active steroid sulfatase. PMID- 3165269 TI - [Various immunological aspects of essential and symptomatic hypertension]. AB - 131 patients with essential hypertension (EH) and 30 patients with secondary hypertension (SH) of renal genesis were examined, all of them Russian inhabitants of Moscow, aged 20-56. In patients with EH increased rate of HLA-B13 and B22 antigens was determined. The highest rate of HLA-B13 antigen in this group was registered in patients without IHD, while patients with IHD had the highest rate of HLA-B22 antigen compared to controls. Patients with SH demonstrated no significant difference in HLA antigens distribution from that in controls. Besides, patients with EH had significantly increased serum concentration of circulating immune complexes (CIC), of IgA and beta 2-microglobulins as well as of three complement components (C3c, C4 and B factor). Similar changes were observed in patients with SH, excluding CIC and C3c, concentration of which did not differ from that in the control group. No strict dependence between the level of immunity humoral factors and presence of HLA-B13 and -B22 antigens was observed. The data gained suggest possible association of HLA system with EH development. PMID- 3165271 TI - Report of the Dental Review Working Party. PMID- 3165272 TI - 'Oral surgery specialisation in general practice'. PMID- 3165270 TI - What is a sealant restoration? PMID- 3165273 TI - Consumerism. PMID- 3165274 TI - 'Changes in the distribution of decayed and filled tooth surfaces and the progression of approximal caries in children between the ages of 11-12 years and 15-16 years'. PMID- 3165275 TI - 'The avulsed tooth'. PMID- 3165277 TI - Dental microcomputing. PMID- 3165276 TI - Feet of clay. PMID- 3165278 TI - The prescription of dihydrocodeine in general dental practice. PMID- 3165279 TI - In praise of electives. PMID- 3165280 TI - Letter from California--lobbying and the 'dental police'. PMID- 3165281 TI - A trial of lactitol in sweets and its effects on human dental plaque. PMID- 3165282 TI - Elastomeric separation to aid assessment and conservative management of anterior proximal carious lesions. PMID- 3165283 TI - An unfortunate case of unsuccessful orthodontic treatment. PMID- 3165284 TI - Sir Wilfred Fish memorial lecture. The dentist and the socially secure society. PMID- 3165285 TI - The Psion Organiser II as a data-collection tool for dental research and evaluation. PMID- 3165286 TI - Amenorrhoea during treatment with isotretinoin. PMID- 3165287 TI - Human neutrophil protein kinase C: calcium-induced changes in the solubility of the enzyme do not always correlate with enzymatic activity. AB - We hypothesized that calcium and 1,2-diacylglycerols stimulated human neutrophil (PMN) protein kinase C (EC 2.7.1.37) in a two-step mechanism. The proposed mechanism entails (1) increased insoluble protein kinase C activity and (2) endogenous protein phosphorylation, events which have not been biochemically dissociated. PMN which were treated with 100 nM ionomycin shifted protein kinase C activity from being mostly soluble to insoluble. Concentrations of ionomycin greater than 300 nM stimulated a doubling of total cellular (soluble + insoluble) protein kinase activity and stimulated increased endogenous phosphorylation of PMN proteins. Intracellular calcium (measured with fura-2) increased from 65 nM (basal) to 680 nM using 500 nM ionomycin; calcium increases were dose-dependent. The anti-inflammatory agents acetylsalicylic acid and sodium salicylate (but not ibuprophen, indomethacin or acetaminophen) inhibited ionomycin-induced protein kinase C activation and protein phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner by inhibiting the production of diacylglycerols. 1-Oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol reversed the inhibitory effect of salicylates. In contrast to the effect of acetylsalicylates on protein kinase C functional activity the distribution of phorbol receptors was unaffected in acetylsalicylate-treated, ionomycin stimulated PMN using a phorbol-binding assay. Our results show that ionomycin increased intracellular diacylglycerol levels 3.5-fold over those present in control PMN, while acetylsalicylate decreased diacylglycerol production in ionomycin-stimulated PMN below baseline values. These results support the hypothesis that increased intracellular calcium activated protein kinase C leading to protein phosphorylation in two distinct dissociable events: (1) increased intracellular calcium; and (2) increased 1,2-diacylglycerol levels. PMID- 3165288 TI - Effects of progesterone and estradiol-17 beta on uterine secretion of prostaglandin F2 alpha in response to oxytocin in ovariectomized ewes. AB - Twenty ovariectomized ewes were used in an experiment designed to examine the interaction of progesterone, estradiol, and oxytocin in the regulation of uterine secretion of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). All ewes underwent a steroid pretreatment that mimicked the changes in progesterone and estradiol which occur during the six days immediately prior to estrus. After pretreatment, ewes were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: 1) control (n = 4); 2) estradiol-17 beta (n = 6); 3) progesterone (n = 4); and 4) progesterone and estradiol-17 beta (n = 6). Progesterone was injected twice daily for 15 days. The dose of progesterone varied with day postestrus in a manner designed to simulate endogenous luteal secretion of progesterone. Estradiol-17 beta was administered in s.c. Silastic implants. The implants maintained circulating concentrations of estradiol at 3 pg/ml. On Days 5, 10, and 15 of treatment, ewes were injected with oxytocin (10 IU in 1.0 ml saline, i.v.). Jugular venous blood samples were collected beginning one-half hour prior to and continuing for 2 hours post oxytocin injection for quantification of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM). No changes in concentration of PGFM following injection of oxytocin were observed on Day 5 or 10 in any treatment group. Concentrations of PGFM increased following injection of oxytocin on Day 15 only in groups receiving progesterone. Both the area under the PGFM response curve (p = 0.08) and peak response (p = 0.06) were greater in ewes treated with progesterone and estradiol 17 beta than in those receiving progesterone alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3165289 TI - Conformation of the second disulfide loop in human transforming growth factor alpha studied by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. PMID- 3165290 TI - [Acid alpha-D-mannosidase of human leukocytes in the norm and during chronic myeloid leukemia]. AB - The activity and properties of acid alpha-mannosidase were studied in normal granulocytes and in two types of myeloid cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. The activity of the enzyme in leukemic cells was 2-fold higher than that in normal granulocytes and in morphologically matured myeloid cells. Two latter types of cells did not differ in alpha-mannosidase activity. Kinetic properties, thermo- and pH stability of alpha-mannosidase from normal and leukemic cells were similar. alpha-mannosidase in leukemic and normal cells existed in two forms (A and B), which were easily separated on DEAE-cellulose column. These two forms differed in molecular mass (300 and 290 kD, respectively) and in the degree of sialylation. The quantitative ratios of A and B forms in normal and leukemic cells were different. In normal granulocytes and in mature cells from patients this ratio was 0.60 and 0.67, respectively. In leukemic cells the ratio was found to be 1.31. Thus, in leukemic cells form A of alpha mannosidase predominanted, whereas in normal cells the predominance of form B was observed. It was suggested therefore that in leukemic cells the enhanced synthesis of alpha-mannosidase occurred in parallel with the accumulation of the B form. This accumulation was assumed as the cause of enhanced activity of the enzyme in immature leukemic cells. PMID- 3165291 TI - [Serine protease activity in blood plasma during the healing of aseptic and infected wounds under experimental conditions]. AB - Activity of serine proteases--kallikrein-like activity (KLA) and plasmin-like activity (PLA)--were studied in the blood plasma of 220 sexually mature male Wistar rats with simulated aseptic and infected surface wounds in the time course before the operation, daily from the 1st to 10th day, as well as 12 and 15 days after the surgery. During the healing of aseptic and especially infected wound blood plasma KLA and PLA were found to be decreasing, thus indicating the active role of factor-XII-dependent systems in wound healing, reflecting the response of the body to operation-induced injury and wound infection, and dependent on the character and stage of wound healing course. PMID- 3165292 TI - Leukemias with megakaryoblastic involvement: clinical, hematologic, and immunologic characteristics. AB - The clinical, hematologic, and phenotypic features of 28 patients with acute leukemia with megakaryocytic involvement (AMKL) were analyzed. The prevalence of this type of leukemia in the entire series was 11.6%, with a higher incidence among patients with acute transformation of a previous myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) (24%) than among the transformed myelodysplastic syndrome (13%) patients. The incidence in the "de novo" ANLL was 8% and 16% among secondary leukemias. The presence of bone marrow fibrosis together with low WBC and normal or increased platelet counts despite a severe anemia are the most relevant features in these patients who otherwise displayed an apparently poor prognosis. Megakaryoblasts were morphologically recognized more frequently in the acute transformations of MPD than in de novo ANLL. Only two cases were considered pure AMKL, and in the remaining 26 patients, megakaryoblasts coexisted with other granulomonocytic and/or erythroid populations. Antiglycoprotein IIIa (anti GPIIIa) (C17) and anti-GPIIb/IIIa (CDw41-, J15-) antibodies are probably the best markers for AMKL, although the monoclonal antibody against GPIX (FMC25) was also positive in a majority of cases but in a lower percentage of cells. On the other hand, megakaryoblasts were generally negative for granulocytic or monocytic markers (CD13, CD14, CD15); the expression of HLA-DR antigens in these cells was variable. Our present results indicate that megakaryoblastic involvement is more common than previously recognized. This is true not only in acute transformed leukemias but also in de novo ANLL. Although the diagnosis of these cases should be based on megakaryocytic markers, it is often possible to suspect a diagnosis according to certain clinical and hematologic features. PMID- 3165293 TI - Amsacrine with high-dose cytarabine is highly effective therapy for refractory and relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. AB - Thirty-six patients with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and four with primary refractory ALL were treated with a regimen that included amsacrine, 200 mg/m2, intravenously daily for three days with cytarabine, 3 gm/m2, by infusion over three hours daily for five days. There were 27 remissions in the 36 relapsed patients and two in the four patients with primary refractory disease. Seventeen of the 23 patients with common ALL, four of the six with T-cell ALL, one of the three with B-cell ALL, and seven of eight whose cells were not characterized responded. Toxicity of this regimen was comparable to other reinduction regimens for ALL, but the side effects characteristic of high-dose cytarabine therapy were absent. Since these results compare favorably with conventional induction regimens, its use in the primary treatment of adults and children with high-risk ALL is proposed. PMID- 3165294 TI - Analysis of breakpoints within the bcr gene and their correlation with the clinical course of Philadelphia-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is characterized by a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. The breakpoints on chromosome 22 are clustered within a 5.8-kilobase (kb) DNA fragment known as the breakpoint cluster region (bcr), which encodes part of a functionally active gene. We analyzed the bcr in DNAs from 108 consecutive, unselected Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML patients by Southern blot and determined five restriction enzyme fragments within which breaks occur on chromosome 22. The exact sublocalization was determined in the DNA of 100 patients. It was found to be within the 5.8-kb in 99 patients and outside the bcr in only one. Within the bcr, most of the breakpoints occurred in fragments 1, 2, and 3. Overall, laboratory and clinical features of CML did not correlate with specific breakpoint fragments, but chronic-phase duration was longer in patients with a breakpoint in fragment 2 of the bcr. Large 3' bcr deletions were found in nine patients but did not influence clinical outcome. DNA from one of six patients analyzed both during chronic phase and blastic crisis showed an additional aberrant fragment, which suggested that a second abnormal clone developed in blastic crisis. PMID- 3165295 TI - Use of all-trans retinoic acid in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. AB - Twenty-four patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) were treated with all-trans retinoic acid (45 to 100 mg/m2/day). Of these, eight cases had been either nonresponsive or resistant to previous chemotherapy; the other 16 cases were previously untreated. All patients attained complete remission without developing bone marrow hypoplasia. Bone marrow suspension cultures were studied in 15 of the 24 patients. Fourteen of these patients had morphological maturation in response to the retinoic acid (1 mumol/L). Chloroacetate esterase and alpha naphthyl acetate esterase staining as well as electronmicroscopic examination confirmed that retinoic acid-induced cells differentiated to granulocytes with increased functional maturation (as measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, NBT). The single nonresponder to retinoic acid in vitro was resistant to treatment with retinoic acid but attained complete remission after addition of low-dose cytosine arabinoside (ara-C). During the course of therapy, none of the patients showed any abnormalities in the coagulation parameters we measured, suggesting an absence of any subclinical disseminated intravascular coagulation. The only side effects consisted of mild dryness of the lips and skin, with occasional headaches and digestive symptoms. Eight patients have relapsed after 2 to 5 months of complete remission. The others remain in complete remission at 1+ to 11+ months and are still being followed up. We conclude that all-trans retinoic acid is an effective inducer for attaining complete remission in APL. PMID- 3165297 TI - High-resolution analysis of the human gamma-globin gene promoter in K562 erythroleukemia cell chromatin. AB - We performed high-resolution mapping studies of the DNAse I-hypersensitive sites located just 5' to the human G gamma- and A gamma-globin genes of K562 erythroleukemia cells, in which these genes are constitutively expressed at low levels. This analysis revealed that the hypersensitive site extends from approximately -210 +/- 5 to -25 +/- 5 base pairs (bp) upstream from the transcription initiation site. Within this region, a GC-rich region located between the proximal CCAAT box and the TATA box is particularly accessible to nuclease digestion; however, the 5' end of the hypersensitive site is less accessible to nucleases. The pattern of DNAse I cleavage does not change on either strand with hemin induction of K562 cells, which increases the rate of gamma-globin gene transcription about threefold. The region within the hypersensitive site includes all the consensus promoter elements of the gamma globin genes as well as an octamer sequence located between -182 and -175, and a region associated with a variety of mutations that may cause hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH). PMID- 3165296 TI - Cloning of glycoprotein IIIa cDNA from human erythroleukemia cells and localization of the gene to chromosome 17. AB - Platelet aggregation requires the binding of adhesive proteins such as fibrinogen to the heterodimer of membrane glycoproteins IIb (GPIIb) and IIIa (GPIIIa). Human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells synthesize both GPIIb and GPIIIa. Using poly(A+) RNA purified from HEL cells, we constructed a cDNA library in the lambda gt10 phage vector. This library was screened with a 38mer oligonucleotide derived from a platelet GPIIIa peptide, and three overlapping cDNAs were isolated. The three inserts encompassed 3.5 kilobases (kb), including the entire coding region of mature GPIIIa (2,286 basepairs, bp) and 1.3 kb of 3' untranslated sequence. All 222 residues determined directly from platelet GPIIIa tryptic peptides exactly matched the HEL cell-deduced amino acid sequence. The HEL cell sequence matched a previously reported endothelial cell cDNA sequence except for eight nucleotides. Five of these nucleotide differences were silent changes consistent with genetic polymorphisms. The other three differences resulted in changes in the deduced amino acid sequence of GPIIIa; reexamination of the endothelial cell cDNA sequence in these three areas revealed that it is actually identical to the HEL cell sequence. The virtual identity of the endothelial and HEL cell cDNA sequences provides direct evidence that GPIIIa is a subunit common to cell adhesion receptors present in more than one cell type. We localized the gene for GPIIIa to chromosome 17, the same chromosome to which we had previously mapped the gene for GPIIb. PMID- 3165298 TI - Interferon alpha-2b as therapy for Ph'-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia: a study of 82 patients treated with intermittent or daily administration. AB - The authors treated a total of 82 patients with Ph'-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with recombinant interferon alpha-2b (IFN alpha-2b). Sixty-five patients in chronic phase (CP), 28 of whom were untreated and 37 pretreated, and nine patients in accelerated phase (AP), were started on IFN three times a week. Patients in CP were randomized to receive 2 or 5 X 10(6) IU/m2, while patients in AP were all given the dose of 5 X 10(6) IU/m2, in addition to concomitant chemotherapy. Patients in CP who were unresponsive to the lower dose were crossed to the higher dose. Of 63 evaluable patients in CP, 43 (68%) responded, 29 (46%) achieved complete hematologic response (CHR), and 14 (22%) achieved partial hematologic response (PHR). The response rate appeared to be significantly influenced by the IFN dose in pretreated patients. Of the nine patients in AP, two attained PHR and one CHR. More recently, eight previously untreated CP cases were submitted to daily IFN administration at doses from 2 to 5 X 10(6) IU/m2. This daily schedule was also applied to patients who had obtained, with the intermittent treatment, a PHR persisting unmodified for six months (nine patients) or an unstable CHR (five patients). Seven of the eight previously untreated patients, and five of the nine PHR patients crossed to daily IFN reached CHR. In the total series of previously untreated patients, the response rate proved to be significantly influenced by the initial risk status. Cytogenetic improvement was seen in 37 of 53 responders (70%) treated for more than 3 months, the median of Ph'-positive cells declining from 100% to 65% (range 0% to 95%). Complete suppression of Ph' chromosome was observed in one case. The cytogenetic response was persistent for over 6 months in 21 patients, but the lowest value of Ph' positivity was usually unstable. At a median follow-up of 56 weeks, 23 of 36 (64%) CHR patients remain in continued disease control with IFN. A blastic transformation (BT) occurred in seven of 21 unresponsive patients and in one of the 36 CHR patients. The authors' data confirm that IFN alpha-2b, especially at daily doses, is effective in inducing clinical and cytogenetic response in a good proportion of patients with CML in the benign phase. Longer follow-ups will define the exact influence of this agent on the natural course of the disease. PMID- 3165299 TI - DNA ligation in relation to DNA strand breaks in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated blast cells from acute lymphoblastic and nonlymphoblastic leukemia. AB - DNA ligase activity was determined in the WBCs from 306 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). In T-ALL cells this activity was either low or absent. DNA analysis by nucleoid, alkaline elution, and alkaline sucrose centrifugation after cells were embedded in agarose inserts has shown more DNA breaks in T-ALL than in ANLL blasts. Phytohemagglutinin stimulation of T-ALL blasts resulted in the apparent joining of the DNA breaks. Apparent identical results can be obtained by the incubation of DNA with exogenous DNA ligase. The authors suggest that this enzyme is a crucially regulated step of replication and subsequent proliferation in this type of leukemia. PMID- 3165300 TI - Phospholipase C activates protein kinase C and induces monocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells. AB - Phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids results in the production of diacylglycerol, inositol phosphates, and choline metabolites. Inositol triphosphate increases calcium levels, while diacylglycerol activates protein kinase C. The present studies demonstrate that exogenous PLC generates inositol phosphates, releases choline metabolites, and activates protein kinase C in human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. PLC also induced monocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells as manifested by adherence, growth inhibition, and appearance of monocytic cell surface antigens. Furthermore, PLC treatment decreased c-myc mRNA levels and induced c-fos, c-fms, and tumor necrosis factor transcripts. The changes in gene expression induced by PLC are similar to those previously shown to be associated with phorbol ester-induced monocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells. Our results thus demonstrate that exogenous PLC activates HL-60 cell protein kinase C and that this effect is associated with induction of monocytic differentiation. PLC may therefore play a role in transducing signals from physiological inducers of monocytic differentiation. PMID- 3165301 TI - Variable Philadelphia breakpoints and potential lineage restriction of bcr rearrangement in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome breakpoints in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are of two kinds: those within the breakpoint cluster region (bcr+), as in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and those outside it (bcr-). These encode different c-abl messenger RNAs (mRNAs), p210 and p190, respectively. It has been suggested that one class of Ph+ ALL (bcr+) may be a variant of CML arising in a multipotent stem cell, the other (bcr-) de novo ALL initiated in a lymphoid committed progenitor. Thirty-two cases of ALL (12 Ph1+, ten chromosomally normal, and ten non-mitotic cases) were investigated for bcr involvement. Breakpoints were found within five Ph1+ and in one normal case. There was no difference in clinical features, common ALL antigen (CALLA) positivity, cytogenetics, or response to treatment between the 6 bcr+ and 7 Ph1+ bcr- patients. Myeloid antigen expression was found in 2 bcr+ cases. Bcr rearrangement appeared to be restricted to the lymphoblastic component of marrow or blood in at least four bcr+ cases. In one case, separated myeloid and lymphoid cell fractions were both bcr+. Potential heterogeneity of the Ph1+ target cell, as seen in this study, may be more important in determining disease outcome than the precise location of the Ph breakpoint. PMID- 3165302 TI - Drug injecting, AIDS, and risk behaviour: potential for change and intervention strategies. PMID- 3165303 TI - Decreased levels of protein kinase C in Alzheimer brain. AB - Protein kinase C (PK-C) levels were determined using [3H]phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) binding and the in vitro phosphorylation of histone H I (III-S), in autopsied human frontal cortex of age- and postmortem time-matched normal and Alzheimer patients. PK-C levels in Alzheimer particulate fractions determined by both methods were about 50% of those in controls. PK-C levels in Alzheimer cytosol fractions were not significantly different from those in controls. In a parallel study, we measured the phosphorylation of a Mr 86,000 protein (P86), the major protein kinase C substrate in the cytosol fraction prepared from Alzheimer frontal cortex, and found it to be reduced to 43% of that in control brains. This reduction in P86 protein phosphorylation compared to controls was not detected in brain samples prepared from demented patients without Alzheimer's disease. We considered 3 extraneous factors (postmortem delay, age and sex) which may have affected the extent of P86 phosphorylation and concluded that the reduced P86 phosphorylation in the Alzheimer samples is not due to any of them. Reduced PK-C levels and Mr 86,000 protein phosphorylation may reflect a biochemical deficit related specifically to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3165304 TI - Testing for HIV infection: ethical considerations revisited. PMID- 3165305 TI - Hemin dependent morphological maturation and endogenous porphyrin synthesis by K562 leukemic cells. AB - The alterations in the morphological phenotypes of K562 cells induced by exogenous hemin, and its effect on porphyrin accumulation was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry. The morphology of the uninduced cells was mainly of microvilli, blebi and ruffle covered cells, while after hemin induction the fraction of the blebi-cells increased and smooth erythroid-like cells appeared. The large variations in cell-volume of the cells were decreased only marginally after hemin treatment. Porphyrin fluorescence revealed a marked accumulation of endogenous porphyrins after induction by hemin. PMID- 3165306 TI - Methotrexate leukoencephalopathy mimicking cerebral abscess on CT brain scan. AB - A case is reported of methotrexate leukoencephalopathy presenting as an intracerebral rim-enhancing mass lesion of CT scan. The implications of this rare presentation of methotrexate leukoencephalopathy for therapy are discussed. PMID- 3165307 TI - Cell growth and division in relation to differentiation of mouse erythroleukemia cells. AB - Addition of certain inhibitors of RNA or protein synthesis to cells cultured in 20% serum, but not 5% serum, induces the differentiation of mouse erythroleukemia cells. Differentiation also was induced by culture at a low serum concentration (0.1%) to starve cells to quiescence, then inducing division by exposing cells to either of two high-pH regimes. PMID- 3165308 TI - [Carriers of HBs antigen, anti-HIV antibodies and their association with blood donors in Brazzaville]. AB - Serum samples taken from 6,624 blood donors since 1984 to 1987, were tested for Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBs Ag) using a microhemagglutination assay and for anti-HIV antibodies by ELISA test. The mean carrier state of HBs Ag was 10.68% and that of anti-HIV antibodies was 6.99%. The association of HBs Ag and anti-HIV antibodies was discovered in 4.84% donors but without correlation for the period of the study. PMID- 3165309 TI - Transferrin receptor and 4F2 expression by NK-sensitive and NK-resistant tumour cell lines. AB - Upon stimulation with a phorbol ester and known tumour promoter, 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the human erythroleukemia K562 cell line, a standard target for human natural killer (NK) cells, shows a significant reduction in expression of transferrin receptors (TfR) and becomes resistant to NK-mediated cytolysis. Prompted by the initial finding that expression of TfRs by K562 cells correlates with target sensitivity to NK cytotoxicity, we have investigated the role of two proposed NK-target structures, the TfR and 4F2 molecule in three other tumour cell lines which vary in their susceptibility to NK activity. We report that similar to K562 cells, MOLT 4, Raji and HL60 cells demonstrate phorbol-ester-induced down-regulation of TfR expression. The expression of TfRs alone does not determine target sensitivity. However, TfRs are probably located close to the NK-target structure in NK-sensitive cell lines. Based on the properties of phorbol ester induction, it is possible that the NK target molecule is down-regulated in response to phorbol ester induction in a similar, if not identical manner to that of the TfR; thus, rendering NK-sensitive cells resistant to NK killing, after TPA exposure. Conversely, the target molecule is probably upregulated in MOLT 4 cells after TPA treatment as indicated by the acquired sensitivity of these cells to NK-mediated cytolysis. The expression of 4F2 molecules was not influenced by TPA treatment and does not correlate with NK sensitivity. PMID- 3165310 TI - A sensitive liquid-chromatographic method for determination of 3'-azido-3' deoxythymidine (AZT) in plasma and urine. AB - We describe a liquid-chromatographic assay for AZT in human plasma and urine. This assay involves the use of two internal standards, allowing reference of AZT peaks to the appropriate internal standard, the choice depending on the range of concentrations encountered. This method is isocratic, specific, sensitive enough to allow quantification of AZT in concentrations observed clinically, and requires only 13 min of chromatographic time. We saw no interference from various over-the-counter and prescription drugs often used in treating the infectious complications of AIDS. PMID- 3165311 TI - NCCLS proposes HIV reference material specifications. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. PMID- 3165312 TI - Induction of abortion by PGF2 alpha in the second trimester of pregnancy. AB - The Authors evaluate the efficacy of the intravenous infusion of PGF2 alpha in the induction of abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy with live fetus (Italian Law no. 194/1978). Abortion occurred in 3 out of 11 (27.27%) nulliparous patients, and uterine curettage was necessary in 2 cases. The interval between administration of the drug and the beginning of uterine contractions was 31.42 +/ 14.15 minutes (range 10 to 35 minutes), the duration of infusion was 7.55 +/- 3.64 hours (range 7 to 9.15 hours), the interval between initiation of infusion and delivery was 8.10 +/- 2.60 hours (range 7 to 9.45 hours), and the dose administered was 20.23 +/- 3.75 mg (range 15 to 25 mg). Side effects were reported in 10 cases (90.90%), and in 5 cases these effects were caused by interruption of infusion. Abortion occurred in 7 out of 13 pluriparous patients (53.84%), and uterine curettage was necessary in 4 cases. The interval between administration of the drug and the beginning of uterine contractions was 20 +/- 12.24 minutes (range 20 to 45 minutes), the duration of infusion was 8.26 +/- 0.9 hours (range 3.10 to 16 hours), the interval between initiation of infusion and delivery was 8.40 +/- 0.8 hours (range 3.0 to 9.6 hours), and the dose administered was 19.28 +/- 5.34 mg (range 5 to 25 mg). Side effects were reported in 11 cases (84.61%), and in 6 cases these effects were caused by interruption of infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3165313 TI - Combined bone marrow and gallium imaging. Differentiation of osteomyelitis and infarction in sickle hemoglobinopathy. AB - The clinical records and scintigrams of patients with sickle hemoglobinopathy who underwent combined Tc-99m bone marrow imaging and Ga-67 imaging to differentiate osteomyelitis from bony infarction were reviewed. Of 18 paired examinations in 15 patients, osteomyelitis was diagnosed correctly in six cases; in all six, gallium uptake at the symptomatic site was incongruently increased relative to the bone marrow activity. Of the 12 episodes of infarction, 11 showed congruent activity on both Tc-99m and Ga-67 images. The remaining study was interpreted incorrectly as osteomyelitis due to incongruent Tc-99m and Ga-67 uptake. The use of sequential Tc-99m bone marrow and Ga-67 imaging is an effective means of distinguishing osteomyelitis from bony infarction in patients with sickle hemoglobinopathy. PMID- 3165314 TI - Intraoperative serum, bile, and gallbladder-wall concentrations of cefmetazole in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. PMID- 3165315 TI - [Cell kinetic studies on normal and pericancerous oral mucosa]. PMID- 3165316 TI - [Histopathological study of oral submucous fibrosis]. PMID- 3165317 TI - [Labial salivary gland biopsy in Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 3165318 TI - [Establishment of a model of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma in nude mice]. PMID- 3165319 TI - [Comparative histopathology of central giant cell granuloma of the jaws and giant cell tumor of long bones]. PMID- 3165320 TI - [Cysts and cystlike lesions of the jaws]. PMID- 3165321 TI - [A survey of oral health in 2,191 elderly inhabitants in Beijing]. PMID- 3165322 TI - [Preliminary study of structures and microhardness of carious dentin by scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 3165323 TI - [Relation between the mesiodistal width of the maxillary anterior teeth and the width of the facial organs]. PMID- 3165324 TI - [Growth of craniofacial structure on the overjet malocclusion]. PMID- 3165325 TI - [Clinical use of dental pulp preparation of which the chief component is guaicol formaldehyde resin]. PMID- 3165326 TI - [Permanent tooth eruption in 3,020 children in Lasa County]. PMID- 3165327 TI - [Bacterial invasions of the periodontium]. PMID- 3165328 TI - [Papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the salivary glands]. PMID- 3165329 TI - A case of chronic granulocytic leukaemia with a right sided splenomegaly: case report. PMID- 3165332 TI - 5-Fluorouracil and mesodermal structures of the teeth in albino rats. PMID- 3165331 TI - Scattered radiation from fixed prosthesis and overdenture during therapeutic radiation. PMID- 3165330 TI - The antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide eugenol cements on carious dentine. PMID- 3165333 TI - Contraceptive pills and local immune defense. PMID- 3165335 TI - An investigation into the relative sealing ability of five commercially used temporary restorative materials. PMID- 3165336 TI - Microtubular disruptive agent (vinblastine) and bone healing; histological and histochemical study. PMID- 3165334 TI - Comparative effect of colchicine and lumicolchicine on rat submandibular salivary gland. An assessment by electron microscope. PMID- 3165337 TI - Marginal integrity of three recently developed veneering materials for fixed prosthodontics. PMID- 3165338 TI - A conservative approach for the treatment of symptomatic subluxation of the mandible. PMID- 3165339 TI - The oro dental manifestations in Turner syndrome. PMID- 3165340 TI - The effects of transforming growth factor-beta on growth and differentiation of the continuous rat thyroid follicular cell line, FRTL-5. AB - Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) has been shown to influence the growth and differentiation of many widely varied cell types in vitro, including some that are endocrinologically active. We have investigated the previously unknown effects of this unique growth factor in the differentiated rat thyroid follicular cell line FRTL-5. The cells demonstrated specific, high affinity binding of TGF beta, and as with other epithelial cells, the growth of these thyroid follicular cells was potently inhibited by addition of TGF beta to the culture medium. TGF beta caused a significant reduction in TSH-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity in the cells. The addition of (Bu)2cAMP along with the growth factor to cultures partially reversed the characteristic morphological changes seen with TGF beta, but did not reverse the growth inhibition. To further investigate the possible mechanisms of the effects of TGF beta on the cells, we measured the influence of the growth factor on [125I]TSH binding. TGF beta did not compete for specific TSH binding sites; however, exposure of the cells to TGF beta for 12 or more h resulted in a dose-dependent down-regulation of TSH receptors that was fully reversible. While cellular proliferation was potently inhibited by TGF beta, differentiated function, as manifest by iodine-trapping ability, was stimulated by the growth factor. This stimulation of iodine uptake was independent of, and additive to, the stimulatory effects of TSH. Finally, FRTL-5 cells in serum-free medium and in response to TSH were shown to secrete TGF beta-like activity that competed for [125I]TGF beta in a RRA. These studies suggest that TGF beta may represent an autocrine mechanism of controlling the growth response to TSH in thyroid follicular cells, while allowing the continuance of differentiated function. PMID- 3165341 TI - Potential role for prostaglandin F2 alpha, D2, E2 and thromboxane A2 in mediating the metabolic and hemodynamic actions of sympathetic nerves in perfused rat liver. AB - In isolated rat liver perfused at constant pressure perivascular nerve stimulation caused an increase of glucose and lactate output and a reduction of perfusion flow. The metabolic and hemodynamic nerve effects could be inhibited by inhibitors of prostanoid synthesis, which led to the suggestion that the effects of nerve stimulation were, at least partially, mediated by prostanoids [Iwai, M. & Jungermann, K. (1987) FEBS Lett. 221, 155-160]. This suggestion is corroborated by the present study. 1. Prostaglandin D2, E2 and F2 alpha as well as the thromboxane A2 analogue U46619 enhanced glucose and lactate release and lowered perfusion flow similar to nerve stimulation. 2. The extents, the kinetics and the concentration dependencies of the metabolic and hemodynamic actions of the various prostanoids were different. Prostaglandin F2 alpha and D2 caused relatively stronger changes of metabolism, while prostaglandin E2 and U46619 had stronger effects on hemodynamics. Prostaglandin F2 alpha elicited greater maximal alterations than D2 with similar half-maximally effective concentrations. Prostaglandin F2 alpha mimicked the nerve actions on both metabolism and hemodynamics best with respect to the relative extents and the kinetics of the alterations. 3. The hemodynamic effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha could be prevented completely by the calcium antagonist nifedipine without impairing the metabolic actions of the prostanoid. Apparently, prostaglandin F2 alpha influenced metabolism directly rather than indirectly via hemodynamic changes. The present results, together with the previously described effects of prostanoid synthesis inhibitors, suggest that prostanoids, probably prostaglandin F2 alpha and/or D2, could be involved in the actions of sympathetic hepatic nerves on liver carbohydrate metabolism. Since prostanoids are synthesized only in non parenchymal cells, nervous control of metabolism appears to depend on complex intra-organ cell-cell interactions between the nerve, non-parenchymal and parenchymal cells. PMID- 3165342 TI - Hepatocyte heterogeneity in response to icosanoids. The perivenous scavenger cell hypothesis. AB - 1. The metabolic and hemodynamic effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha, leukotriene C4 and the thromboxane A2 analogue U-46619 were studied during physiologically antegrade (portal to hepatic vein) and retrograde (hepatic to portal vein) perfusion and in a system of two rat livers perfused in sequence. 2. The stimulatory effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha (3 microM) on hepatic glucose release, perfusion pressure and net Ca2+ release were diminished by 77%, 95% and 64%, respectively, during retrograde perfusion when compared to the antegrade direction, whereas the stimulation of 14CO2 production from [1-14C]glutamate by prostaglandin F2 alpha (which largely reflects the metabolism of perivenous hepatocytes) was lowered by only 20%. Ca2+ mobilization and glucose release from the liver comparable to that seen during antegrade perfusion could also be observed in retrograde perfusions; however, higher concentrations of the prostaglandin were required. 3. The glucose, Ca2+ and pressure response to leukotriene C4 (20 nM) or the thromboxane A2 analogue U-46619 (200 nM) of livers perfused in the antegrade direction were diminished by about 90% during retrograde perfusion. Sodium nitroprusside (20 microM) decreased the pressure response to leukotriene C4 (20 nM) and U-46619 (200 nM) by about 40% and 20% in antegrade perfusions, respectively, but did not affect the maximal increase of glucose output. 4. When two livers were perfused antegradely in series, such that the perfusate leaving the first liver (liver I) entered a second liver (liver II), infusion of U-46619 at concentrations below 200 nM to the influent perfusate of liver I increased the portal pressure of liver I, but not of liver II. At higher concentrations of U-46619 there was also an increase of the portal pressure of liver II and with concentrations above 800 nM the pressure responses of both livers were near-maximal [19.6 +/- 0.8 (n = 7) cm H2O and 16.5 +/- 1.1 (n = 8) cm H2O for livers I and II, respectively]. There was a similar behaviour of glucose release from livers I and II in response to U-46619 infusion. When liver I was perfused in the retrograde direction, a significant pressure or glucose response of liver II (antegrade perfusion) could not be observed even with U 46619 concentrations up to 1000 nM. 5. Similarly, the perfusion pressure increase and glucose release induced by leukotriene C4 (10 nM) observed with liver II was only about 20% of that seen with liver I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3165343 TI - Inflammatory reaction and blood flow in experimental wounds inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Wound healing and granulation tissue formation can be accelerated by inoculation with live pathogenic microorganisms. For further elucidation of this phenomenon the present work was undertaken to study the effects of Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms on the inflammatory reaction and blood flow in developing granulation tissue in rats. Cylindrical hollow sponge implants were used as an inductive matrix for the growth of granulation tissue. In control animals 1 ml of wound fluid was withdrawn from the central dead space of the implant immediately after implantation and replaced with 1 ml of physiological saline. In experimental animals the implants were injected with live staphylococci, 10(2) or 10(5) microorganisms/ml. Wound fluid was analyzed 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after implantation, whereas measurements of local blood flow and albumin extravasation in the granulation tissue were made after 7 days. Implants inoculated with 10(5) organisms developed infection with pus formation while implants contaminated with 10(2) organisms showed no infection. In wound fluid specimens collected from the infected implants correlation between the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and prostaglandin E2 concentration was statistically significant. The most prominent finding in contaminated but uninfected implants was an enhanced local blood flow. This may explain some of the mechanisms leading to S. aureus-induced acceleration of wound healing. PMID- 3165344 TI - Intracellular mechanisms of contraction in the hypertensive and normotensive rat aortas. AB - The roles of intracellular mechanisms of contraction were compared in aortas from genetically hypertensive and normotensive rats by investigating the contractile activities of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in the absence of extracellular calcium. PGF2 alpha induced a greater amount of tension in aortic strips from hypertensive than normotensive rats. Furthermore, in hypertensive but not normotensive rat aortas, PGF2 alpha- and TPA-induced contractions were additive and were capable of sustaining a near maximum degree of muscle activation. Therefore, the intracellular contractile mechanisms in hypertensive vascular tissue may differ from those in normotensive tissue. PMID- 3165345 TI - The human Jurkat (FHCRC-11) cell line is heterogeneous in ploidy and cell size and releases detergent-soluble DNA. AB - Jurkat (FHCRC-11) cells, a human lymphoblastic leukemic line, were characterized as being hypotetraploid with a characteristic deletion in the short arm of chromosome 2 from the terminus to band 24. Although Jurkat cells were size heterogeneous, variability in ploidy was not correlated with density and size differences observed when cells were fractionated by means of gradient centrifugation using Nycodenz as the supporting medium. Also no difference was seen in the chromosome distribution of cells cultured from different portions of the gradient. During cell division Jurkat cells incorporated [3H]thymidine ([3H]TdR) into newly made DNA, including a small percentage that was released into the soluble fraction upon detergent lysis. Small light cells from the top portion of the gradient were more efficient on a per cell basis in incorporating [3H]TdR into DNA from both the detergent-soluble and detergent-insoluble fractions. However, due to the hypotetraploid nature of these cells a definitive assignment to a specific stage in the cell cycle was not possible. PMID- 3165346 TI - Ara-C vasculitis. PMID- 3165347 TI - A rapid purification method for calf thymus casein kinase II. AB - We report here the rapid purification to homogeneity of a cyclic nucleotide independent protein kinase sensitive to 5'6-dichloro-1-beta-D ribofuranozylbenzimidazole (DRB), identical to the previously described casein kinase II, from lyophilized calf thymus by chromatography on phosphocellulose and Mono-Q FPLC columns. PMID- 3165349 TI - Adult orthodontics. PMID- 3165348 TI - Tumor necrosis factor inhibits collagen and fibronectin synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts. AB - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) caused inhibition of collagen production by confluent cultures of human dermal fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Concomitant increase of prostaglandin E2 release was observed as a result of TNF-induced cell activation. However, a blockade of the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonate metabolism by indomethacin did not abrogate the inhibitory effect of TNF on collagen synthesis, suggesting that this effect could be independent of prostaglandin metabolism. Gel electrophoresis of the newly synthesized macromolecules from the culture media showed that both type I and type III collagens as well as fibronectin were affected by the inhibition. Electrophoresis of cell layer-associated proteins demonstrated that the reduction in amounts of collagen and fibronectin in the medium did not result from an intracellular accumulation of these macromolecules. Production of procollagens was reduced in parallel to that of collagens, suggesting that the effect of TNF is exerted before the processing steps of procollagens. These results clearly show that TNF could play a role in modulation of matrix deposition by fibroblasts during inflammatory processes. PMID- 3165350 TI - Orthodontic considerations in prosthetic and restorative dentistry. AB - Orthodontic treatment no longer is limited to adolescents. The past 20 years have shown an enormous increase in number of adults treated. Many orthodontists now report that 35 to 40 per cent of their patients are adults. Indeed, there are orthodontists who limit their practices exclusively to adult orthodontics. Prosthodontists and restorative dentists rely on orthodontics as a means of providing more comprehensive care to a wide variety of patients. These patients present with diverse problems and a collaborative effort between orthodontist and restorative dentist often is necessary to achieve an optimal treatment result. An overview of restorative problems that can be ameliorated by orthodontic treatment has been shown. Common problems addressed, were, for example: anterior crowding, insufficient pontic space, lack of abutment parallelism, crossbites, diastemas, and premature contact relationships. Less common, but even more demanding of orthodontic-prosthetic cooperation, are problems involving orthognathic surgical procedures and the rehabilitation of patients with congenital abnormalities. A rationale for the collaboration of orthodontists and restorative dentists was demonstrated. As technology burgeons, it becomes more and more necessary for one discipline to rely on the expertise of another. Our colleagues, in their various specialties, have made such enormous advances in sophistication that it has become virtually impossible to absorb all that is new in all areas. Collaboration not only is desirable, but has become mandatory, if we are to provide the highest level of care for our patients. PMID- 3165351 TI - Treatment objectives and planning in compromised adult cases. AB - The compromised adult orthodontic patient requires a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach to treatment to achieve the ideal resolution of the existing dental problems. Careful analysis of complete orthodontic records will define the scope of the problem and suggest treatment alternatives. Case presentations are used to demonstrate the principles of diagnosis and treatment planning. PMID- 3165352 TI - Appliance selection. Treatment objectives and esthetic concerns. AB - The adaptability of modern orthodontic appliances to meet the esthetic needs of the adult patient while satisfying the treatment goals agreed upon has been shown. Some of the treatments cited could be accomplished by the general practitioner, while other modalities should be handled by the orthodontist. The outstanding advances in orthognathic surgical technique provide the patient with additional options for orthodontic corrections of malocclusions while reducing the time needed to wear braces. Proper planning and interaction among the dental disciplines can greatly enhance a patient's final outcome. It behooves all clinicians to look at all the options available in treating the adult so these patients can benefit most from our services. PMID- 3165353 TI - Retention and post-treatment stability in the adult dentition. AB - Post-treatment changes that occur in the supporting apparatus must be considered in the design and time of use of retention devices. Of equal importance is establishing the methodology of retention prior to initiating active orthodontic therapy. The different types of retainers that are best used are reviewed. PMID- 3165354 TI - Cervical ripening: introductory remarks. PMID- 3165355 TI - Some physical and pharmacological aspects of cervical ripening in term pregnancy. PMID- 3165356 TI - Ripening procedures. PMID- 3165357 TI - Delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the bovine corpus luteum of estrous cycle: a quantitative histochemical study. AB - Genital organs and blood were obtained from dairy cows at a local abattoir. 3 recently ovulated follicles and 20 corpora lutea of estrous cycle (CLC) were used for the quantitative enzyme histochemical demonstration of delta 5-3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-OHSDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) activity, employing a computerized microscope photometer. Progesterone was determined in blood serum by radioimmunoassay. Luteal tissue was grouped into several stages of development according to micromorphological criteria. Activities per volume unit of 3 beta OHSDH and SDH in large luteal cells (LLC), as well as in small luteal cells (SLC), and luteal tissue (LT), relative amounts of the 3 beta-OHSDH-positive tissue fraction (PLCC), and progesterone concentrations in blood serum exhibited a significant pattern corresponding to the morphological development of the endocrine gland. G-6-PDH showed an increase in activity per volume unit during tissue development lasting until the beginning of regressive changes, and as significant in LLC and LT. Activities per volume unit of 3 beta-OHSDH (p less than or equal to 0.001) and SDH (p less than or equal to 0.01) were higher in LLC than in SLC, indicating superior steroidogenic capacities, while G-6-PDH activity was distinctly higher in the latter (p less than or equal to 0.001). Almost all parameters tested were correlated positively. 3 beta-OHSDH and SDH exhibited a significantly positive correlation in LLC (p less than or equal to 0.01) and LT (p less than or equal to 0.001) during periods of measureable progesterone secretion. In SLC this correlation was nonsignificant (p greater than 0.05). G-6 PDH showed a relative poor correlation to 3 beta-OHSDH (LLC, p less than or equal to 0.05; LT, p less than or equal to 0.01) and SDH (LT, p less than or equal to 0.05). Enzyme activities in LLC as well as in SLC were generally positively correlated (p less than or equal to 0.001). All enzymes tested exhibited a significantly positive correlation with progesterone concentrations in blood serum. This was significant for SDH only during measurable progesterone secretion, and less marked for G-6-PDH. PMID- 3165359 TI - [The importance of the adenoids in orthodontic patients]. PMID- 3165358 TI - Recurrent bilateral corneal erosions due to an association of epidermolysis bullosa simplex Kobner and X-linked ichthyosis with steroid sulfatase deficiency. AB - Since early infancy a male patient now 24 years of age had suffered from painful, recurrent, bilateral corneal erosions and blister formation after minimal skin trauma. Corneal erosions are quite unusual in non-scarring types of epidermolysis bullosa. The dermatological examination disclosed that the patient had clinical hallmarks of two rare genetic skin disorders, epidermolysis bullosa simplex (Kobner) and X-linked ichthyosis. Both disorders could be traced back in the patient's maternal family to the mother's father and his brother, who were both said to have had similar eye complaints. Using biochemical means and electron microscopy of skin biopsy specimens, both diagnoses could be proven in the patient and his mother. We discuss the importance of lid hyperkeratoses in hemizygous males as a causative factor for the recurrence of bilateral corneal erosions due to the unique combination of epidermolysis bullosa simplex (Kobner) and X-linked ichthyosis with steroid sulfatase deficiency. PMID- 3165360 TI - [Etiology of tertiary crowding]. PMID- 3165361 TI - [Surgical treatment potentials in secondary deformities in cleft patients]. PMID- 3165362 TI - [Fixed headgear--a report on our experience]. PMID- 3165364 TI - [Will the new highly intensifying film-screen combination of the Kodak T-MAT G/Lanex Regular meet the qualitative requirements of the lateral teleroentgenogram and orthopantomogram?]. PMID- 3165363 TI - [Orthodontic and dental aspects of atopic neurodermatitis in children]. PMID- 3165366 TI - [Treatment of mandibular dysfunction with the Bioblock]. PMID- 3165365 TI - [15 hypotheses on the current status of myofunctional therapy]. PMID- 3165367 TI - Managing depressive symptoms after the onset of leukemia. PMID- 3165368 TI - Accreditation, certification, and the quality of care in state hospitals. AB - Data on 216 state psychiatric hospitals were analyzed to determine whether accreditation by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) or certification by the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) were related to seven hospital characteristics generally accepted as reflecting quality of care. The characteristics were average cost per patient, per diem bed cost, total staff hours per patient, clinical staff hours per patient, percent of staff hours provided by medical staff, bed turnover, and percent of beds occupied. While a majority of the hospitals had either JCAHO accreditation, HCFA certification, or both, analysis revealed a weak relationship between accreditation or certification status and the indicators of quality of care. Accredited or certified hospitals were, however, more likely to have higher values on specific indicators than hospitals without accreditation. PMID- 3165369 TI - Correlation between PGE2 production and suppressor activity of alveolar macrophages from patients with interstitial lung diseases. AB - The suppressive activity of alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), on PHA stimulation of autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (APL) was evaluated. The effect on lymphocyte stimulation was evaluated by coculturing the AM and APL cells at a ratio of 1:1. PGE2 released by AM during the culture period was measured by a radioimmune assay. The patients included in the study were 11 cases with interstitial lung disease (ILD), 8 cases of lung cancer (CA), and 5 controls (CO). Addition of AM of patients from the CA group resulted in slight suppression of lymphocyte stimulation in 4 cases, slight enhancement in 3 cases and no effect in one case. AM from the CO group induced slight suppression in 4 out of 5 cases. AM from all 11 ILD cases exerted a significant high suppressive activity (65.6% +/- 18.2 - P less than 0.001 by comparison with the CO and CA groups). In ILD cases, a dichotomous pattern was found in regard to relation between high suppressive activity of AM and release of PGE2: in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients, high suppressive activity of AM (70.4% +/- 15.4) correlated well with elevated secretion of PGE2: 3.58 +/- 0.26 ng/ml/10(5) cells (P less than 0.02 compared to CO). AM from sarcoidosis patients suppressed PHA stimulation by 61.6% +/- 19.3 but secreted only 0.357 +/- 0.26 ng/ml/10(5) cells of PGE2 (P less than 0.02 compared with the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis group). Therefore, it seems that other factors, in addition to PGE2, might be involved in the suppressive activity of AM from interstitial lung diseases. PMID- 3165370 TI - Folate deficiency induced chromosomal lesions in cancer patients. PMID- 3165371 TI - Failure to find HTLV I and HIV I serum antibodies in MS patients. PMID- 3165372 TI - Gradient fractionation of cycling and resting cells monitored by BrdUrd incorporation. AB - A number of techniques are currently employed for the fractionation of heterogeneous cell populations or for the separation of cells in different phases of their cycle. With the development of osmotically inert colloidal silica particles media, density gradient centrifugation became an established method for the separation and purification of cells and subcellular particles. We have applied this technique to the separation of cycling from resting Friend erythroleukemia cells, to obtain purified populations for further biological assays. The flow cytometric analysis of DNA content of the different fractions obtained by the gradient and stained with Propidium Iodide (PI), showed the S compartment highly concentrated in the 1.073/77 g/ml interface, while the upper levels of the gradient were highly enriched of cells in G1 phase. Moreover, the dual parameter analysis of DNA content by means of Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) incorporation and PI staining, showed that part of the cells in the 1.067/73 fraction represented the early S phase even if their DNA level, measured on the basis of PI fluorescence was within the diploid cell cluster. This method seems to be suitable to obtain pure cell fractions even when dealing with numerically large populations. PMID- 3165373 TI - Jamshidi needle biopsy for diagnosis of bone lesions in small animals. AB - Sixty-two bone lesions in 59 small animals were biopsied using a Jamshidi-type biopsy needle. In all instances, the Jamshidi needle biopsy diagnosis was confirmed or disputed by results of histologic examination of specimens obtained by surgical resection or by amputation or at necropsy. In 57 of 62 bone lesions, biopsy resulted in an accurate diagnosis of tumor vs nontumor, yielding an accuracy rate of 91.9%. The specific tumor type or lesion type was identified accurately by Jamshidi needle biopsy in 51 of 62 lesions, yielding an accuracy of 82.3%. Of the 62 bone lesions, 48 were intramedullary osteosarcoma and 62.5% of these were subclassified correctly by Jamshidi needle biopsy results as osteoblastic, chondroblastic, fibroblastic, osteoclastic, or poorly differentiated osteosarcoma. Jamshidi needle biopsy was easy, quick, and safe, and its high accuracy rate of diagnosis indicated that it should be a valuable aid for diagnosis of bone lesions in small animals. PMID- 3165374 TI - Biosynthesis of anthracyclinones: isolation of a new early cyclization product aklaviketone. AB - Five metabolites were isolated from fermentations of a mutant strain S 383 of Streptomyces galilaeus. Components S 383-O and S 383-A were identified as known derivatives of anthraquinone and naphthacenequinone, respectively, previously isolated from cultures of other blocked mutants of S. galilaeus strains. Component S 383-X was identical with 7-deoxyaklavinone. Compound S 383-Y (aklaviketone) was found to be a new metabolite. Its chemical structure has been determined by physico-chemical methods including mass spectrometry and NMR spectral studies. The compound (7-dehydro-7-deoxy-7-oxoaklavinone) is most likely the first cyclization product along the metabolic chain possessing the tetracyclic carbon skeleton of anthracyclinones. A proposed pathway is discussed. PMID- 3165375 TI - Characterization of the mouse SPARC/osteonectin gene. Intron/exon organization and an unusual promoter region. AB - Two overlapping cosmids have been isolated containing the entire murine gene for SPARC (osteonectin), a Ca2+-binding, phosphorylated glycoprotein associated with extracellular matrix synthesis and remodeling. The gene contains 10 exons and covers 26.5 kilobase pairs of DNA. Exon analysis shows that the two N-terminal glutamic acid-rich sequences which are predicted to undergo conformational change upon binding of calcium, as well as the C-terminal EF-hand Ca2+-binding domain are each encoded by a single exon. Comparative analysis of the exon sequence does not support the idea that the SPARC gene has evolved by shuffling of exons from other Ca2+-binding proteins. The 5' flanking region of the SPARC gene, which promotes transcription when placed in front of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene, contains neither "TATA" nor "CAAT" box sequences. However, unlike most other genes lacking these motifs, mapping of the 5' end of the SPARC gene by RNase protection and primer extension analysis reveals only a single major and one minor transcription start site. The upstream region to -120 includes six repeats of the sequence GGAGG, two repeats of the sequence 5' GGAGG A/C GGAGGG 3', and a potential transcription factor AP-2 binding site. PMID- 3165376 TI - Cell type-specific expression of the human apoB gene is controlled by two cis acting regulatory regions. AB - The human apolipoprotein B (apoB) gene codes for two related proteins, apoB-100 and apoB-48. ApoB-100 is synthesized in the liver, is the major protein constituent of low density lipoprotein, and serves as the ligand for the LDL receptor. cis-acting DNA sequence elements required for hepatic specific apoB transcription were identified in hepatoma (HepG2) and epithelial carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines transfected with apoB/CAT (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) hybrid constructions. HepG2 cells express the transfected apoB constructions at high levels relative to expression in HeLa cells. Mutational analysis of the 5' flanking region of the apoB gene revealed the presence of positive and negative regulatory regions. The most distal of these regions, located from -261 to -128 (with respect to the start site of transcription), was found to have a roughly equivalent negative activity in both cell types. However, sequences located from 128 to -86 showed a positive activity in HepG2 cells and a negative activity in HeLa cells. Finally, a sequence element located between positions -86 and -70 was found to have a very strong positive effect in HepG2 cells and only a mild positive effect in HeLa cells. These two proximal regions located between -128 and -70 appear to act together to determine the cell type-specific expression of the apoB gene in HepG2 and HeLa cells. Using the gel mobility shift assay and the DNase I footprinting technique, we demonstrated that DNA binding proteins from HepG2 and mouse liver nuclear extracts interact with the crucial positive region located between -86 and -70. This region was also found to contain sequence elements similar to sequences found in the promoters of other apolipoprotein genes, as well as other genes that are expressed in the liver, suggesting that these genes may share some transcriptional regulatory components. PMID- 3165377 TI - Purification and characterization of two trypsin inhibitors from the hemolymph of Manduca sexta larvae. AB - Trypsin inhibitory activity from the hemolymph of the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) was purified by affinity chromatography on immobilized trypsin and resolved into two fractions with molecular weights of 14,000 (M. sexta hemolymph trypsin inhibitor (HLTI) A) and 8,000 (HLTI B) by molecular sieve chromatography on Sephadex G-75. Electrophoresis of these inhibitors under reducing conditions on polyacrylamide gels gave molecular weight estimates of 8,300 for HLTI A and 9,100 for HLTI B, suggesting that HLTI A is a dimer and HLTI B is a monomer. Isoelectrofocusing on polyacrylamide gels focused HLTI A as a single band with pI 5.7, whereas HLTI B was resolved into two components with pI values of 5.3 and 7.1. Both inhibitors were stable at 100 degrees C and pH 1.0 for at least 30 min. HLTIs A and B inhibited serine proteases such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, and plasmin, but did not inhibit elastase, papain, pepsin, subtilisin BPN', and thermolysin. In fact, subtilisin BPN' completely inactivated both inhibitors. Both inhibitors formed low-dissociation complexes with trypsin in a 1:1 molar ratio. The inhibition constant for trypsin inhibition by HLTI A was estimated to be 1.45 x 10(-8) M. The HLTI A-chymotrypsin complex did not inhibit trypsin; similarly, the HLTI A-trypsin complex did not inhibit chymotrypsin, indicating that HLTI A has a common binding site for both trypsin and chymotrypsin. The amino-terminal amino acid sequences of HLTIs A and B revealed that both these inhibitors are homologous to bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz). PMID- 3165378 TI - ATP/Mg2+-dependent binding of vincristine to the plasma membrane of multidrug resistant K562 cells. AB - To study the mechanism of active drug efflux in multidrug-resistant cells, the interaction between [3H] vincristine (VCR) and plasma membrane prepared from an adriamycin (ADM)-resistant variant (K562/ADM) of human myelogenous leukemia K562 cells was examined by filtration method. [3H]VCR bound to the plasma membrane prepared from K562/ADM cells, but not from parental K562 cells, depending on the concentrations of ATP and Mg2+. Adenosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate was not effective in the binding of [3H]VCR, indicating that ATP hydrolysis is required for this binding. Dissociation constant (Kd) of VCR binding was 0.24 +/- 0.04 microM in the presence of 3 mM ATP. In the absence of ATP, specific binding of VCR to K562/ADM membrane was also observed; however, the affinity (Kd = 9.7 +/- 3.1 microM) was 40 times lower than that observed in the presence of ATP. The high affinity VCR binding to K562/ADM membrane was dependent on temperature. The bound [3H]VCR molecules were rapidly released by unlabeled VCR added to the reaction mixture at 25 degrees C. The high affinity binding of [3H]VCR to K562/ADM membrane was inhibited by VCR, vinblastine, actinomycin D, and ADM, to which K562/ADM cells exhibit cross-resistance, whereas 5-fluorouracil and camptothecin, to which K562/ADM cells are equally sensitive as K562 cells, did not inhibit the [3H]VCR binding. Furthermore, verapamil and other agents, which are known to circumvent drug resistance by inhibiting the active efflux of antitumor agents from resistant cells, could also inhibit the high affinity [3H]VCR binding. These results indicate that ATP/Mg2+-dependent high affinity VCR binding to the membrane of resistant cells closely correlates with the active drug efflux of this resistant cell line. PMID- 3165379 TI - Enzymatic sulfation of mucus glycoprotein in gastric mucosa. Effect of ethanol. AB - A sulfotransferase activity that catalyzes the transfer of sulfate ester group from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to carbohydrate chains of gastric mucus glycoprotein has been demonstrated in the antral and body mucosa of rat stomach. Subcellular fractionation studies revealed that the enzyme is associated with Golgi-rich membrane fraction. The sulfotransferase activity of this fraction in antral mucosa was about 35% lower than that in the body. Optimum enzyme activity was obtained with 0.5% Triton X-100 and 30 mM NaF at a pH of 6.8 using desulfated mucus glycoprotein substrate. The enzyme was equally capable of sulfation of the proteolytically degraded and reduced forms of the desulfated glycoprotein, but the acceptor capacity of the intact mucus glycoprotein was about 60% lower than that of the desulfated preparation. The enzyme preparation also catalyzed the transfer of sulfate to galactosylceramide. The sulfation of mucus glycoprotein, however, was not affected by the presence of this glycolipid, suggesting that the sulfotransferase involved in mucus glycoprotein sulfation is different from that responsible for the synthesis of sulfatoglycosphingolipid. The mucus glycoprotein sulfotransferase activity was inhibited by ethanol. The rate of inhibition was proportional to the concentration of ethanol up to 0.3 M and was of the competitive type. The apparent Km value of the enzyme for mucus glycoprotein was 10.5 X 10(-6) M (21 mg/ml), and the KI in the presence of ethanol was 4.7 x 10(-1) M. The 35S-labeled mucus glycoprotein product of the enzyme reaction gave in CsCl density gradient a band in which the 35S label coincided with the glycoprotein. Alkaline borohydride reductive cleavage of this glycoprotein led to the liberation of the label into reduced acidic oligo saccharide fraction. Most of the label was found incorporated in three oligosaccharides. These were identified as tri-, tetra-, and pentasaccharides, each carrying a labeled sulfate ester group on the terminal N-acetyl-glucosamine residue. Based on the results of structural analyses, the most abundant oligosaccharide was characterized as SO3H----6GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1--- 3GalNAc-ol. PMID- 3165380 TI - Structure of the human liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase gene. AB - In man, there are multiple forms of alkaline phosphatase encoded by at least three homologous genes: placental, intestinal, and liver/bone/kidney. This report describes the characterization of the human liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase locus. The gene appears to exist as a single copy in the haploid genome and is comprised of 12 exons distributed over more than 50 kilobases. In liver, kidney, SAOS-2 human osteosarcoma cells, and cultured fibroblasts, there is a single major start for transcription situated about 25 nucleotides downstream of an A/T-rich motif. The promoter region is extremely G/C-rich, is relatively abundant in the dinucleotide CpG, and contains four copies of the consensus sequence for SP1 binding (GGGCGG). The liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase gene is at least five times larger than the intestinal and placental alkaline phosphatase genes, mainly due to intron size differences. Intron-exon junctions occur at analogous positions in all three genes, but there is an extra non-coding exon at the 5' end of the liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase gene. The relevance of our findings with respect to the evolution of the human alkaline phosphatase multigene family is discussed. PMID- 3165381 TI - Development of a new system for evaluating the biocompatibility of implant materials using an osteogenic cell line (MC3T3-E1). AB - A new culture system was developed to clarify the biocompatibility of implant materials with bone tissue using the MC3T3-E1 osteogenic cell line. The cells were inoculated onto specimens such as aluminium oxide, titanium, dental casting silver-palladium alloy (PD), and a plastic coverslip. To study the effects of these materials on cell growth, differentiation, and calcification, DNA and protein content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium content, respectively, were determined. The results from biochemical analysis suggest titanium and aluminum oxide to have adequate biocompatibility, while PD has an irritant effect on cell metabolism. It is clear that an objective view of the differentiation and calcification processes of osteogenic cells can be understood through such analysis. From the results of this study, our culture system appears suitable for evaluating the biocompatibility of implant materials with bone tissue. PMID- 3165382 TI - Survey of the folding pathway of a two-domain protein phosphoglycerate kinase. AB - The role of structural domains as folding units in the folding process which generates an active enzyme, is considered through several studies on phosphoglycerate kinase, a two-domain enzyme which catalyzes the first step of ATP production in glycolysis. The folding pathway was found to be a complex multi step process, the C-terminal domain being more stable folding first. Inactive species originating from an intermediate in the folding pathway have been identified. Isolated domains recently obtained using genetic engineering are under investigation in our laboratory; this might probably allow to understand the way by which the N-terminal domain reaches its final native conformation and interacts with the other domain. PMID- 3165383 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of hydroxysteroids detected with post column immobilized enzyme reactors. AB - Assaying the low concentrations of steroid hormones in extracts of body fluids requires detectors that are both highly sensitive to the steroid and relatively insensitive to interfering compounds usually present in much higher concentrations. To explore the use of moderately specific enzymes in post-column reactors, we immobilized 3 alpha- and beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase on controlled pore glass beads, 37 microns in diameter, and constructed 4.6-mm diameter reactor columns, 3-cm long, packed with one of the two kinds of these beads. Hydroxysteroids eluted from the analytical column were mixed with the coenzyme, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), before passing through the reactor. The effluent from the reactor was passed through the 70-microliters flow cell of a fluorometer in which the fluorescence of the NADH produced in the enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of the hydroxysteroid was monitored. At the conventional high-performance liquid chromatography flow-rates used, oxidation of the steroids was almost complete. The yield depended on both the residence time of steroids in the reactor column and the concentration of organic modifier in the reaction mixture. Maximal yield was obtained with buffer having a low organic solvent concentration and passing through the reactor slowly. In assays of mixtures of epimeric hydroxysteroids, the 3 alpha-hydroxysteroids were detected with the 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase reactor; the beta-hydroxysteroids were not, confirming the specificity of the enzymatic detection. With the fluorometer used, picomole quantities of steroids could easily be distinguished from noise. PMID- 3165384 TI - Desialation of transferrin by rat liver endothelium. AB - To examine the role of liver endothelium in desialation of transferrin (TF), pulse-chase studies were done by incubation of either 3H (sialic acid labeled)-, or 125I, or 59Fe (protein core labeled)-TF with fractionated liver endothelium. While 125I or 59Fe labels were externalized after initial binding and internalization, a large proportion of 3H label was internalized and remained within the cell. When the supernatant of these experiments was studied by isoelectricfocusing and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA120) affinity chromatography, generation of asialotransferrin was noted by both techniques. Incubation of liver endothelium with double-labeled TF (sialic acids with 3H and protein core with 125I or 59Fe) led initially to a concordant uptake of the two labels, which were then dissociated and 3H was retained by the cell. These findings indicate desialation of TF by liver endothelium. The significance of these findings in the pathogenesis of hepatic siderosis is discussed. PMID- 3165387 TI - Atypical mycobacterial infection presenting as a parotid mass in a child. AB - A case of primary infection of the parotid lymph nodes by Mycobacterium avian intracellulare is described. The initial investigations could not exclude a parotid tumour or lymphoma necessitating a superficial parotidectomy. Surgery appears to be the treatment of choice in these lesions. PMID- 3165385 TI - Transforming growth factor beta inhibits bone resorption in fetal rat long bone cultures. AB - TGF-beta 1 is a polypeptide that is abundant in bone matrix, is produced by bone cells, and modulates proliferation and differentiated functions of osteoblastic cells in vitro. TGF-beta 2 is a closely related polypeptide that was originally isolated from bone matrix. TGF-beta 1 has been shown previously to stimulate prostaglandin production in cultures of neonatal mouse calvariae, which causes these bones to resorb. We found similar effects with TGF-beta 2. In comparison, TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 failed to stimulate bone resorption in fetal rat long bone cultures during a 3-d incubation period in concentrations up to 50-100 times greater than those capable of inducing bone resorption in calvariae. Incubation with TGF-beta 1 for a further 3 d decreased bone resorption up to 30%. Moreover, bone resorption induced by the bone-resorbing agents IL 1 and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 was partially or completely inhibited by TGF-beta 1 and TGF beta 2 during the second half of the 6-d incubation period. Inhibition of DNA synthesis with hydroxyurea inhibited bone resorption in long bones in a similar pattern to that seen with TGF-beta 1. The inhibitory effects of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 on bone resorption in long bone cultures may therefore be due to inhibition of osteoclast precursor proliferation. PMID- 3165388 TI - Bone resection in patients with mandibular sarcoma. AB - Thirty-nine cases of mandibular sarcoma were reported to the Finnish Cancer Registry during the period 1953-1985. In 11 of these (nine osteosarcomas, one chondrosarcoma, one leiomyosarcoma), the pre- and postoperative radiographs were still available, and they were analyzed in order to evaluate the radicality of the primary surgical procedure in relation to recurrences during the follow-up. On the basis of several radiological details, the resection was considered inadequate in seven cases. One operation was probably inadequate because of rather scanty margins. In only three cases had an adequate primary resection with proper safety margins been performed. All of the seven patients with inadequate primary surgery had recurrence and five of them died of local disease or metastases, whereas only one of the three patients with adequate resection had recurrence in adjacent soft tissues. It is concluded, that radiological findings of mandibular sarcoma that often are missed include widening of the mandibular canal and disappearance of the lamina dura. Proper preoperative radiological examination resulting in more radical primary surgery would certainly decrease the recurrence and mortality rates in patients with mandibular sarcoma. PMID- 3165390 TI - Female victims of assault. A study of hospital attenders. AB - During the first six months of 1986, 294 consecutive victims of assault were examined to determine the patterns of injury. Forty-three victims were women aged 15-46 years (mean: 25 years). In comparison with the hospital catchment population, the unemployed were over-represented and the greater than 40 age range under-represented. Facial injury, especially bruising, was extremely common, affecting 88% of women and 84% of men. Some 56% of women had sustained a fracture compared to only 26% of men but facial lacerations were uncommon in female victims. Assailants were known to 75% of female victims, but only 25% of men, and females were four times more likely to be assaulted at home. 33% of women reported previous assault in comparison with 44% of men. Oral and maxillofacial staff should understand the likely social implications and be able to organise management of assault victims of which women form an important subgroup. Management may involve social workers and psychiatrists as well as other members of the family. PMID- 3165386 TI - Cleavage lines of the oral mucosa in Japanese cadavers. AB - Cleavage lines were experimentally reproduced in the oral mucosa of Japanese cadavers. They were investigated macroscopically and histologically. The reproduced cleavage lines showed little directional variation by sex or age. From the histological findings, the mucosal cleavage lines were interpreted to represent cleavage split along the direction of connective tissue fibres in the lamina propria. PMID- 3165389 TI - Adenocarcinoma metastatic to the mandibular condyle. AB - Two cases of metastatic lesions presenting in the mandibular condyle as Temporo Mandibular Joint Pain Dysfunction Syndrome are presented with a discussion on the mechanisms of tumour metastases to bone. PMID- 3165391 TI - A peculiar complication in Le Fort I osteotomy. AB - In two cases of routine Le Fort I osteotomy in secondary cleft palate surgery, a swelling noted in the antral mucosa was biopsied. In both cases, histological examination resulted in a diagnosis of odontogenic myxoma. After analysis of the radiographs, it was concluded that the biopsies were taken from displaced tooth germs. The close histological similarity between myxoma on the one hand and dental papilla tissue, a thickened tooth follicle and a thickened or polypoid antral mucosal lining on the other is discussed. PMID- 3165392 TI - Ectopic pneumosinus maxillaris dilatans. A case report. AB - An abnormal topical expansil condition of the paranasal sinuses due to dyspneumatizing development is called pneumosinus dilatans. A recent case of pneumosinus maxillaris dilatans causing an apparent alveolar swelling is reported in this paper. No such case has previously been described to our knowledge. PMID- 3165393 TI - Prediction of intellectual deficits in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Possible predictors of reported lower cognitive functioning in irradiated children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were investigated. Thirty-four subjects, 5-14 years old, with ALL in continuous complete remission and without evidence of current or past central nervous system disease, were examined 9-110 months after diagnosis, using standard measures of intelligence and academic achievement. Subjects with a history of post-irradiation somnolence syndrome were significantly older at diagnosis than nonsomnolent subjects. Intelligence (IQ) was found to be unrelated to history of somnolence syndrome. IQ and achievement were unrelated to age at irradiation, irradiation-examination interval, and radiation dosages. The strongest predictor of IQ by far is parental social class. The importance of controlling for social class differences when searching for treatment effects on IQ and achievement is stressed. PMID- 3165394 TI - Peripheral PMN cells in juvenile periodontitis. Increased release of elastase and of oxygen radicals after stimulation with opsonized bacteria. AB - In 12 patients with juvenile periodontitis (JP), stimulation of peripheral polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) by opsonized bacteria showed increased release of free oxygen radicals and of elastase activity in relation to that of pair-matched healthy controls. The elastase increase was not associated with higher intracellular content of elastase, since the measurement of homogenized PMN cells did not differ between the patient group and the control group; nor did the spontaneous elastase activity of nonstimulated cells differ. Release of elastase by contaminating lymphocytes and platelets could be excluded, since no elastase activity from these cells or interference by these cells could be demonstrated in the assay system used. When formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine was used as a stimulant, the chemiluminescence in the patient PMN cells did not differ with statistical significance from their pair-matched controls. The increased release of free oxygen radicals and of elastase seems to be a characteristic of the PMN cells in juvenile periodontitis, indicating hyperactive cells with possible pathogenic effects. PMID- 3165395 TI - Dentin resorption in replanted monkey incisors. Morphology of dentinoclast spreading in vivo. AB - Dentinoclast colonization of a dentin surface was examined with special reference to changes in plasma membrane morphology during spreading and development into actively resorbing cells. Experimental cavities on the root surfaces of freshly extracted and replanted monkey incisors with infected pulps were examined with scanning electron microscopy after predetermined time intervals. The surface morphology of the dentinoclasts during the different spreading stages, and the fact that the stages appeared in a time-related mode indicated that dentinoclasts follow the general pattern of cell attachment and spreading on solid substrata, with a few exceptions unique to mineralized tissue resorbing cells. As a result, a 3-stage spreading model was proposed. In stage 1, dentinoclasts were characterized by an abundance of filopodia projecting towards the dentin surface. The cells appeared to be exploring the surface to find an area suitable for resorption. This was followed by an increase in cell size accompanied by a progressive disappearance of the peripheral filopod fringe (stage 2). Stage 3 apparently represented the final stage of adaptation and was characterized by an active resorption of the dentin surface. PMID- 3165396 TI - Evidence for a role of odontogenic epithelium in maintaining the periodontal space. AB - Explants of enamel organ epithelium or squamous epithelium from the oral cavity were placed in experimental cavities in the root surfaces of extracted and subsequently replanted monkey incisors. Control cavities without explants were also prepared. After an observation period of 8 weeks, histological evaluation of the cavities originally containing odontogenic epithelium showed a reparative cementum layer on the dentine surface and islands of epithelium in the periodontal connective tissue in the experimental cavities. Bone was not found in the cavities and the alveolar bone had been resorbed around the epithelial islands to a distance corresponding to the periodontal space adjacent to the cavities. Control cavities and cavities originally containing squamous epithelium also showed repair with reparative cementum, but the alveolar bone had grown into the cavities not, however, into contact with the dentine surface. These findings indicate a physiological role for odontogenic epithelium, in particular the epithelial rests of Malassez in the periodontal membrane for maintaining the width of the periodontal space and preventing dento-alveolar ankylosis. PMID- 3165397 TI - Periodontal ligament cell kinetics following experimental regenerative procedures. AB - The present study analyzed the cell kinetics in periodontal ligament (PDL) apical to curetted root surfaces following an experimental regeneration procedure. 3 mm of the buccal and interproximal bone was removed around the premolars and molars in 4 Macaca fascicularis monkeys. The exposed root surfaces were planed thoroughly. Before replacing the flaps, pieces of Millipore filter were attached to the crowns of 1 premolar and 1 molar in each quadrant to cover the exposed roots. The adjacent teeth had no physical barriers and served as control wounds. The treatment procedure in 4 segments and sacrifice of the monkeys were scheduled to provide observational periods of 1, 2, 3 and 7 days. 1 h before sacrifice, 3-H thymidine was injected intravenously. Autoradiographs of buccolingual sections were prepared and the labelling index (LI) in the PDL apical to curetted root surface measured in 200 micron increments. The LI remained increased in the first 200 micron of the PDL in both the experimental and control wounds at all observation periods compared to similar zones on the unwounded lingual surfaces. The LI was highest in the first 200 micron zone and decreased to almost normal levels at about 600 micron from the curetted root surface. There were no statistically significant differences between the LI for the PDL apical to experimental and control wounds at all observation periods. The present findings suggest that following experimental regeneration procedures in monkeys, a very limited zone of the PDL apical to the wound acts as a source for cells migrating into the wound.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3165399 TI - Tooth hypersensitivity after periodontal treatment. A case report including SEM studies. AB - Sensitive teeth after periodontal treatment are a rather common finding. Therefore, it has been questioned whether all the cementum on the root surfaces ought to be removed during periodontal therapy, since the sensitivity is caused by exposure of the dentin. Usually, the hypersensitivity represents a minor problem and will decrease or disappear with time. However, the following case demonstrates that repeated instrumentation of periodontally involved teeth can lead to an extreme degree of hypersensitivity. PMID- 3165400 TI - The influence of tonic muscle activation on human jaw displacement tremor. AB - Jaw displacement tremor was investigated. Both tremor amplitude and tremor frequency were found to increase with increasing muscle activation. Co contraction of jaw elevator and jaw depressor muscles was employed in order to vary muscle activation levels without the teeth being in occlusion. Reproducibility of tremor changes was statistically significant for each individual investigated. The relationship between tremor frequency and tremor amplitude, over the range of muscle activation investigated, varied per individual. It is hypothesized that the physiological basis for this inter individual variation is differences in the development of jaw stiffness with increasing muscle activation between subjects. This explanation may be the basis, at least in part, for the clinical presence of objective jaw stiffness in one subject and its absence in another. PMID- 3165398 TI - Clinical, microbiological and immunological features of subjects with refractory periodontal diseases. AB - 27 subjects with active destructive periodontal diseases were treated by modified Widman flap surgery and systemic tetracycline and divided into 4 groups based on pre- and post-therapy hazard rates (% of sites losing greater than 3 mm of attachment in 1 year). Pre- and post-therapy hazard rates were respectively: group I (3 subjects) less than 4 and less than 4; group II (8 subjects) greater than 4 and less than 4; group III (3 subjects) less than 4 and greater than 4; group IV (refractory group of 13 subjects) greater than 4 and greater than 4. Baseline mean pocket depths and attachment loss of groups I and II subjects were less than groups III and IV subjects and exhibited less suppuration. 6 group IV subjects lost a total of 38 teeth after therapy, in contrast to no tooth loss in subjects in the other 3 groups. Redness, bleeding on probing, plaque levels and age did not differ among groups. Subjects in the 4 groups differed in the subgingival species to which they showed elevated serum antibody responses. Group IV subjects showed elevated responses to a select range of gram-negative species, including A. actinomycetemcomitans strains Y4 or ATCC 29523, F. nucleatum and B. intermedius. No subject in any of the other groups exhibited an elevated response to B. intermedius. The mean % of each species in all sampled sites, both before and after therapy, was computed for each subject. Subjects in groups III and IV (high post-therapy hazard rates) exhibited elevated mean levels of B. forsythus, F. nucleatum, S. intermedius, E. corrodens, and B. gingivalis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3165401 TI - Delayed crack development in porcelain due to incompatibility stress. AB - Delayed failure of metal-ceramic restorations due to static fatigue can occur when residual tensile stress is present in porcelain, even in the absence of intra-oral forces. Fixed-partial-denture (FPD) specimens and semicircular arch specimens with gapped cross-arch segments were employed to characterize the potential of two incompatible metal-ceramic systems for producing delayed crack development and to determine the relative sensitivity of these test designs as monitors of incompatibility stresses which resulted from thermal contraction differences between a nickel-chromium alloy and three experimental porcelains. The arch specimens were judged to be more suitable for analysis of residual stresses because of the larger magnitude of gap changes at each procedural change. However, the FPD specimens exhibited earlier evidence of delayed crack growth in porcelain when the thermal contraction coefficient of the metal exceeded that of the porcelain by either 1.7 X 10(-6)/degrees C or 2.2 X 10( 6)/degrees C. For these two states of incompatibility, the agreement between experimental gap values for the arch specimens and the gap values predicted from composite strip equations was excellent. PMID- 3165402 TI - In vivo and in vitro effects of zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) on biosynthesis of cyclo oxygenase products in rat dental pulp. AB - To determine the in vivo effects of a zinc oxide-eugenol mixture (ZOE) on the cyclo-oxygenase system in dental pulp, we used radioimmunoassay to measure the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PG (DHK-PG), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the dental pulp of rats. When the dental pulp was irritated by a hole made in the dentin of the mandibular incisors without use of any coolants, the levels of these cyclo-oxygenase products in the pulp were increased to, respectively, 2.8, 1.7, 10.0, and 2.6 times those in the normal pulp at six hr after treatment. In contrast, these increases in cyclo-oxygenase products disappeared immediately when the artificial cavity in the dentin was filled with ZOE (P/L; 1 g/0.25 mL), but were not altered when the cavity was filled with zinc oxidewater (ZOW, 1 g/1.5 mL). Most of the eugenol portion of ZOE was released into the pulp within two hr after the cavity was filled with ZOE. The maximal eugenol content was 35 pmol per mg of pulp. Furthermore, when the cavity was filled either with ZOE or by the addition of 10 mumol/L eugenol to the pulp homogenate, biosynthesis of 14C-6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, and PGE2 from 14C-arachidonic acid in the homogenate was inhibited. These results suggest that eugenol released from ZOE in the cavity prepared in the dentin inhibited the biosynthesis of cyclo-oxygenase products during pulp irritation. PMID- 3165403 TI - Abnormal amino acid analyses obtained from osteogenesis imperfecta dentin. AB - Amino acid analyses were carried out on dentin proteins obtained from 33 normal teeth and 59 teeth from osteogenesis imperfecta patients. The analyses revealed that in the control teeth approximately 95% of the insoluble dentin fraction was collagen. The majority of the analyses for teeth obtained from the O.I. patients were biochemically abnormal (55 out of 59). Specifically, there was a significant increase in the acidic amino acids, with a corresponding decrease in the basic amino acids. A small group of patients showed double peaks in the histidine, hydroxylysine, and lysine areas of the chromatograms. These results emphasize that despite the fact that the teeth of O.I. patients may appear to be clinically normal, all but four of the teeth examined had abnormal dentin collagen. PMID- 3165404 TI - Isolation of noncollagenous proteins from gingival connective tissue. AB - Noncollagenous proteins form an integral part of gingiva and other connective tissues. We have performed studies aimed at purification and partial characterization of the gingival noncollagenous proteins. Healthy gingival tissues from mongrel dogs were extracted in neutral buffers, acetic acid, and 6 mol/L urea. Immunoblots using anti-keratin antibodies and CNBr peptide patterns revealed that the majority of the proteins present in these extracts were keratins. To exclude keratins, gingival connective tissue was separated from the epithelium and then extracted. Acid extracts of the connective tissue contained very little protein, whereas urea extracts contained collagen and other noncollagenous proteins. The noncollagenous proteins present in the urea extract were partially purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and separated by affinity chromatography through a Sepharose 4B-type I collagen column. At least eight proteins, which ranged in molecular size from 15 to 75 kilodaltons, were obtained by this procedure. We conclude that keratins are major components of whole gingiva extracts and that epithelium must first be removed in order for connective tissue proteins to be obtained. The gingival connective tissue appears to contain several collagen-binding proteins, and these proteins may play an important role in the structure and function of the gingival matrix. PMID- 3165405 TI - Dentifrice usage among Danish children. AB - The usage of dentifrice was studied in 179 Danish children of approximate ages 3, 7, 9, and 16 years. The usage was assessed by measurement of the aggregated quantities used at home during a two-week period. Information was also obtained on toothbrushing habits. The mean daily usage with the same brand of dentifrice increased from 1.1 g among 3-year-olds to 1.5, 2.3, and 3.4 g among 7-, 9-, and 16-year-olds, respectively. The amount used showed a significant, positive relationship to the orifice diameter of the tube. However, the lengths of ribbon of paste squeezed out per brushing were quite similar, regardless of tube orifice diameter. When the usage data were considered in light of the fact that young children swallow an average of 15 to 30% of the dentifrice used for brushing, it became obvious that a notable number of the 3- and 7-year-olds can be expected to ingest fluoride from 1000- and 1500-ppm-F dentifrices in quantities exceeding recommended daily doses. PMID- 3165406 TI - Measurement of gingival swelling from dental casts by generation of a moire pattern with laser light. AB - The aim of the study was to develop a sensitive measuring method enabling direct evaluation of gingival swelling to be made as registered on dental casts. On two separate occasions, when different degrees of severity of gingival inflammation were present in the same subject, reversible hydrocolloid impressions were taken of the mandible. The casts obtained were located successively in identical three dimensional relationships in a field of interference fringes generated by two intersecting beams of collimated helium-neon laser light, and were photographed. The evaluation of the moire pattern obtained directly by superimposition of the two images of the surface studied indicated that a decrease in gingival height of 0.38 mm in the direction of the camera had occurred between the two occasions. The use of a computer-based image-processing system considerably improved the visibility of the pattern. The reproducibility of the impression technique, as well as the relocation and superimposing techniques, proved satisfactory at the moire resolution used (0.19 mm). The method has potential application in clinical experimental research, and therefore warrants further evaluation. PMID- 3165407 TI - Comparison of solution- and gel-prepared enamel lesions--and in vitro pH-cycling study. AB - A variety of methods has been employed to produce artificial caries-like enamel lesions. The aim of this paper was to use a pH-cycling regime to compare the de /remineralization behavior of lesions prepared by two methods. Lesions were produced by use of either an acidified undialyzed gelatin system or a buffered solution. Enamel sections, each containing four lesions, were allocated to four groups (A, B, C, D) and subjected to a daily pH-cycling regime of 16-hour demineralization and eight-hour remineralization. Groups A & B contained gelatin prepared lesions, whereas Groups C & D contained solution-prepared lesions. To the remineralizing solutions used in Groups B & D, 2 ppm fluoride was added. The mineral content in the lesions was assessed, by means of microradiography/microdensitometry, at baseline and at intervals for six weeks. The lesions in all four groups exhibited net demineralization. In terms of the total mineral lost from the lesion (the delta z parameter), the demineralization rates of the solution-prepared lesions were significantly greater than those of the corresponding gelatin-prepared lesions. All sections in the non-fluoride groups showed subsurface demineralization in initially sound enamel, whereas only one section in the fluoride groups showed an area of mineral loss. Laminations in the mineral content profiles were apparent only in Group D. The results of this study indicate that the method of lesion preparation affects the subsequent behavior of lesions when exposed to de- and remineralizing protocols. PMID- 3165409 TI - Changing support for dental research (in Canada) PMID- 3165408 TI - The effects of treatment on masticatory muscle activity and mandibular posture in myofascial pain-dysfunction patients. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate tonic masticatory muscle activity and the postural rest position of the mandible, pre- and post-treatment, in patients with TM disorders. Forty-one patients diagnosed as suffering from myofascial pain dysfunction (MPD) were evaluated, with electromyography (EMG) used to measure the muscle activity of the masseteric and anterior temporal areas at rest. Postural rest position was assessed by measurement of interocclusal distance. Twenty-three asymptomatic subjects were also tested as controls. Treatment for the pain group emphasized cognitive awareness of dysfunctional orofacial behavior and biofeedback training of the masseteric area to teach masticatory muscle relaxation. The pre-treatment EMG values of both the masseteric and anterior temporal areas were significantly higher for the pain group than for the control group. Post-hoc division of the pain group into successful and unsuccessful subgroups was made on the basis of the degree of symptom improvement. EMG activity decreased significantly in the masseters of both subgroups, but only the unsuccessful subgroup showed a significant decrease in anterior temporal activity following therapy. Interocclusal distance was significantly increased in both subgroups. These results suggest that tonic masticatory muscle activity may be elevated in MPD patients. They also suggest that a decrease in EMG activity in the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles and an opening of the postural rest position of the mandible may accompany completion of psychophysiological therapy, but these changes do not correspond directly with the outcome of that therapy. PMID- 3165410 TI - The impact of the differences in the decline of dental school applicants in the United States and Canada. AB - The number of individuals writing the Canadian Dental Association Dental Aptitude Test and the American Dental Association Dental Admissions Test for the first time is used as a measure of the number of new additions to the dental school applicant pool in each of the past 15 years. Dramatic changes have occurred during that period. Comparisons are made and similarities noted between the situations in the United States and Canada. A discussion of the probable causes of the differences highlights the changing government programs in the two countries, the perceptions of potential applicants, and the attitudes of members of the dental profession. Some suggestions for future action are proposed. PMID- 3165411 TI - "Service-first" philosophy. PMID- 3165412 TI - Marketing the dental school: response to inquiries from prospective students. PMID- 3165413 TI - The effect of dental geriatric curricula on attitudes toward the elderly. PMID- 3165414 TI - Evaluation of two methods of teaching blood pressure measurement. PMID- 3165415 TI - Development of a computer-based communication network for a dental specialty group. PMID- 3165416 TI - Hazards of occupational transmission and strategies for prevention of infectious disease in dental education. AB - The emergence of AIDS has alerted the nation's health care community to the dangers of occupational transmission of infectious disease. This article assesses the risk of occupational transmission in the health care setting and examines two prevention strategies: vaccination programs and infection control protocols. The implementation of these strategies by the School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, is recounted to illustrate an institutional response to the issue of infection control in the dental setting. PMID- 3165417 TI - The National Institute of Dental Research Clinical Dental Staff Fellowship. PMID- 3165418 TI - Trends in dental hygiene enrollment and practitioners. PMID- 3165419 TI - [An experimental study on the phenotypic diversity of Dunn's osteosarcoma--with special reference to alkaline phosphatase activity, growth rate and metastatic capacity]. AB - Thirteen clones were obtained from Dunn's osteosarcoma by limiting dilution method. The clones differed in their alkaline phosphatase activities in culture medium and growth rates both in vitro and in vivo. Metastatic properties were assessed by observing the ability of the cells to produce pulmonary lesions after they were injected subcutaneously into syngeneic C3H/He mice. The lung weights, proportional to the number of metastatic nodules, varied among the clones. Clones 5 and 10 demonstrated high metastatic properties without formation of subcutaneous tumor at the site injected. Such phenotypes as alkaline phosphatase activity, growth rate and metastatic capacity, however, did not correlate with each other. PMID- 3165420 TI - [The effect of topical administration of prostaglandin E2 on chemotherapy associated oral mucosal lesions of the patients with hematological malignancies]. PMID- 3165421 TI - [Differentiation and calcification of human osteosarcoma cell line HOS]. PMID- 3165423 TI - [Clinical cytogenetic studies in patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate. 1. G-banding technique]. PMID- 3165422 TI - [Histochemical analysis of rat masticatory muscles--effects of surgical detachment and reattachment]. PMID- 3165424 TI - [Effects of some carboxypeptidase A inhibitors on dental caries in mice]. PMID- 3165425 TI - [Comparative analysis of inorganic components in Japanese serow horn (Capricornis crispus crispus), bovine bone and human dental enamel]. PMID- 3165426 TI - [Clinical study on speech disorders and speech therapy of ankyloglossia]. PMID- 3165427 TI - [An increase of polyploid cells in damaged mouse parotid glands]. PMID- 3165428 TI - [Influence of changing the vertical dimension on the occlusal tooth contact patterns]. PMID- 3165429 TI - [Studies on super-elastic NiTi alloy square and rectangular wires for orthodontic use--2. Reversible control of force level]. PMID- 3165430 TI - [Electromyographical analysis of function of sternocleidomastoid muscle during occlusal function]. PMID- 3165431 TI - [A new method for measuring tooth mobility]. PMID- 3165433 TI - Effect of chronic subcutaneous minipump infusion of lisuride upon locomotor activity of rats. AB - Male Wistar rats were infused continuously for 14 days with lisuride 0.25 mg/kg/day or with vehicle via subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps. Locomotor activity was measured at 5 hours, 1, 7 and 14 days after implantation. Thereafter the minipumps were removed and 1, 7 and 21 days later the locomotor activity was recorded after a subcutaneous challenge dose of lisuride 0.1 mg/kg. In the course of continuous infusion the lisuride-treated rats showed a persistent stimulation of locomotor activity which remained almost constant throughout the whole period of exposure. At all intervals after removal of the minipumps lisuride challenge produced a less pronounced locomotor stimulation in lisuride-infused rats compared to vehicle-infused animals. This observation contrasts with the findings after chronic subcutaneous bolus treatment of rats with 0.25 mg/kg lisuride once daily for 29 days which resulted (1) in a progressive enhancement of the locomotor stimulatory effect and (2) in a longlasting hyperresponsiveness towards a subcutaneous challenge dose of lisuride 0.025 mg/kg. These results are discussed with respect to the advantage of the constant availability of lisuride at central dopamine receptors for the management of patients with advanced Parkinson's disease showing fluctuations in motor performance probably related to the kinetics of conventional oral therapy. PMID- 3165432 TI - Continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of dopamine and dopamine agonists through a totally implanted drug delivery system in animal models of Parkinson's disease. AB - We studied the effect of intracerebroventricular infusion of dopamine and dopamine agonists in animal models of dopamine deficiency as an experimental approach to the treatment of levodopa induced fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. Dopamine deficiency was produced in rats by unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway or by chronic treatment with reserpine. Monkeys were lesioned by intravenous injection of MPTP. The animals were treated with intracerebral infusions of dopamine (with or without associated intraperitoneal administration or intracerebroventricular infusion of pargyline), lisuride and pergolide. The intracerebroventricular infusion of these drugs was performed with osmotic minipumps in rats and with infusaid pumps in the monkeys. The infusion of dopamine or dopamine agonists in rats with unilateral lesions by 6-OH-dopamine produced a persistent rotation contralateral to the lesioned and implanted side. The infusion of dopamine reversed reserpine-induced akinesia only when pargyline was associated. In the range of concentration used, maximum allowed by solubility of compounds, the effects of dopamine were more potent than those of the agonists. In spite of the stability of dopamine "in vitro" when dissolved in antioxidants and at low pH, a pigment, product of autooxidation, was found in the brains of the animals infused with dopamine. The monkeys were implanted with infusaid pumps and infused for up to 3 weeks. The pump was not well tolerated due to its huge size for the animals. One monkey showed reversal of the MPTP-induced akinesia while the other, whose catheter had moved from the correct implantation site, remained unchanged. In both monkeys there was evidence of autooxidation of dopamine. Intracerebral infusion of dopamine agonists may be a possible experimental alternative to the treatment of levodopa induced fluctuations in Parkinson's disease but stable and soluble dopamine agonists and suitable delivery systems are needed. PMID- 3165434 TI - Factors contributing to fluctuations of the dopaminergic nigro-striatal feedback system in Parkinson's disease. AB - The experience that the supplementation of depleted dopamine in the nigro striatal system of parkinsonian patients with L-dopa improves the clinical triad, akinesia, rigidity and tremor, mainly applies to long-term treatment in the early phase of Parkinson's disease. Complications in motor performance, like on-off response, wearing-off phenomena, peak-dose dyskinesia, biphasic dyskinesia, off period dystonia and others, after more than 3 to 5 years following the onset of treatment indicate fluctuations in the dopaminergic feedback control system. It is suggested that these complications are due to progressive presynaptic degeneration and late changes in postsynaptic receptor amplification. However, as fluctuations are not imperative in all patients, an important additional aspect seems to be the topography of denervation, which involves different portions of the striatum to varying degrees. Location and extent of denervation are criteria which appear to have predictive value for the malignancy of the disease, the therapeutic response of drugs and complications in long-term treatment. PMID- 3165435 TI - Agonist and antagonist actions of lisuride on dopamine neurons: electrophysiological evidence. AB - The effect of lisuride (LIS) on the firing rate of A9 dopamine (DA) neurons in chloral-hydrate anesthetized and unanesthetized (paralyzed) rats was compared. In both preparations, the microiontophoretic application of LIS onto DA cell bodies consistently inhibited the electrical activity of the neurons. On the other hand, the effect of intravenous LIS differed in the two preparations. In anesthetized rats LIS (10-100 micrograms/kg) inhibited in a dose-related manner the firing rate of most DA neurons tested, whereas in unanesthetized rats LIS produced a dose-related increase in firing rate. The latter effect was transient, subsiding within 5 min, and was followed by the return of firing rate to baseline or slightly below it. Irrespective of the animal preparation, after the initial effect of LIS had subsided, DA neurons became totally insensitive to additional doses of LIS, to apomorphine and haloperidol. Such an insensitivity of DA neurons was present 1 to 6 but not 24 h after LIS (0.2 mg/kg, subcutaneously) treatment. A hypothesis is proposed to explain the different effects of LIS. PMID- 3165436 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies with sustained-release formulations of levodopa in healthy volunteers. AB - On the basis of the results of a large number of studies of the correlation between plasma levodopa levels and the occurrence of mobility disorders, it was concluded that side-effects such as dyskinesia, end-of-dose, peak-dose and on-off phenomena, which occur especially during levodopa long-term treatment of Parkinson patients, may be caused by fluctuations in the plasma levodopa levels. Some preliminary trials using sustained-release formulations were not up to expectations. Still, we studied the question of whether it might not be possible after all to obtain sustained plasma levodopa levels over prolonged periods of time with levodopa sustained-release (S. R.) formulations, without causing a high initial peak. For this purpose, we compared the pharmacokinetics of six different levodopa S. R. formulations with a standard preparation in two randomized cross over trials in healthy male volunteers. Although the levodopa S. R. formulations prolonged the time to peak blood levels in all cases, a plateau that was constant over a longer period of time could not be obtained. However, none of the S. R. preparations studied gave rise to a high initial peak of the plasma levodopa concentration. The levodopa concentrations had again returned to endogenous levels within no more than 8 hours of administration of all six levodopa S. R. formulations. PMID- 3165437 TI - Subcutaneous lisuride infusion in Parkinson's disease: clinical results using different modes of administration. AB - The continuous dopaminergic stimulation provided by infusion of dopamine agonist drugs, is a very effective strategy to control ON-OFF fluctuation in Parkinson's disease. Lisuride is a potent dopamine agonist drug, very soluble in water and can be administered subcutaneously. Many authors have shown that the subcutaneous infusion of lisuride can control fluctuations when applied in combination with oral levodopa as a 24 hour continuous infusion regimen. In this study, lisuride was given without any other antiparkinsonian medicament and using a 12 hour infusion regimen wherever possible. 13 fluctuating Parkinsonian patients were studied. 6 out of these 13 were satisfactory treated with lisuride alone and the remaining 7 with a combination of Lisuride + oral levodopa. Only in 3 out of 13 patients the 24 hour infusion regimen was required. PMID- 3165438 TI - Chronic s.c. lisuride in Parkinson's disease--motor-performance and avoidance of psychiatric side effects. AB - On-off fluctuations in longstanding Parkinson's disease initially respond well to a combined drug regime of Levodopa with direct dopamine agonists and L-deprenyl. L-Dopa infusions are efficient, but not applicable for longer use. S.c.-Lisuride infusions reduce markedly motor-response fluctuations, dystonias and hyperkinesias, but bear the risk of inducing confusion or even psychosis. In patients with coexisting response fluctuations and psychiatric disturbances a therapeutic approach is outlined to preserve still some favourable effects on motor performance avoiding severe psychosis. Side-effects and possible complications of that therapy are discussed as are some further indications for the clinical use of Lisuride in akinetic crisis, the neuroleptic malignant syndrome and in dyskinesias. PMID- 3165439 TI - Pharmacokinetics of lisuride after subcutaneous infusion. AB - Six parkinsonian patients received a constant subcutaneous infusion of 60 micrograms lisuride per hour in the abdominal region for 2 hours. Plasma levels of the unchanged drug were measured by radio-immunoassay. During infusion, a steady state plasma level of 0.78 +/- 0.19 ng/ml was achieved. After discontinuation of the infusion, concentrations declined with a half-life of 1.4 +/- 0.4 hour. The total clearance of lisuride was 20 +/- 6 ml/min/kg. Due to the low interpatient variability of plasma levels, a good control of clinical effects is to be expected. PMID- 3165440 TI - Contingent negative variation in adults with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. AB - Three deflections or waves of the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV): the Slow Negative Wave (SNW), the Terminal CNV (TCNV) and the Post Imperative Negative Variation (PINV) were studied in 18 adults with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and in 15 controls. The patients showed a reduced SNW, a normal TCNV and an increased PINV. Moreover, at the right parietal region the patients demonstrated a decreased SNW, TCNV and PINV. The results are discussed in relation to behavioral and neuropsychological disturbances found in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. PMID- 3165442 TI - Cat-scratch disease: report of a case with liver lesions and no lymphadenopathy. AB - The usual presentation of cat-scratch disease (CSD) is a subacute regional lymphadenitis following cutaneous inoculation. We present the case of a 10-yr-old white female with a 4-wk history of abdominal pain and fever, without associated lymphadenopathy. A 67Ga scintigram showed inhomogenous uptake by the liver. An abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed multiple low density lesions in the liver and the spleen, that were confirmed at laparotomy. Stellate microabscesses were seen on a wedge biopsy of the liver and a CSD antigen skin test was positive. CSD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of liver lesions, even in the absence of lymphadenopathy. This case emphasizes the importance of inhomogeneous 67Ga uptake by the liver. PMID- 3165441 TI - Selective and asymmetric vulnerability of corticospinal and spinocerebellar tracts in motor neuron disease. AB - The spinal cords of 10 cases of motor neuron disease were compared with those of six age-matched controls using myelin and silver impregnation methods, and the Marchi reaction for myelin degradation products. These studies revealed striking asymmetry in involvement of the lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts, without concordance in the pattern of involvement of these crossed and uncrossed corticospinal pathways. In addition there was prominent involvement of the posterior and anterior spinocerebellar tracts, but less marked abnormality was seen in the reticulospinal pathways. These findings highlight the asymmetrical involvement of the upper and lower motor neuron components of the motor system that is a characteristic feature of the disease, and demonstrate that involvement of the spinocerebellar system is a frequent finding. PMID- 3165443 TI - Renal prostaglandins and natriuretic action of oxytocin and vasopressin in rats. AB - The relationship between natriuretic activity of neurohypophysial peptides and renal prostaglandins (PGs) was investigated in anesthetized rats under water diuresis and on kidney homogenates. Over the course of water diuresis, urinary sodium excretion increased steadily, reaching a 3.5-fold increase in 90 min, but there was no significant change in PGE2 and PGF2 alpha excretion. Inhibition of PG synthesis by naproxen sodium abolished the increase in sodium excretion. Oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin, in submaximal antidiuretic doses, produced marked natriuresis to 2139% and 345% of the control rate, respectively, without a concomitant increase in PG excretion. [Leu4]OT, which is devoid of antidiuretic activity, produced natriuresis and diuresis also without a significant effect on PG excretion. Inhibition of PG synthesis by naproxen attenuated the natriuretic response but enhanced the antidiuretic response to OT. Both the natriuretic and diuretic responses to [Leu4]OT were attenuated. Although the possibility that naproxen may have antinatriuretic activity independent of its PG synthesis inhibitory action cannot be excluded, the data obtained are consistent with our postulate that the natriuretic effect of OT-peptides may be mediated in part via a renal PG mechanism. This postulate is strengthened further by our findings that natriuretic peptides, OT, vasopressin and [Leu4]OT stimulated PG synthesis in kidney homogenates in a dose-dependent manner. Their order of potency is in the same order of their relative natriuretic potencies. [Penicillamine1,Phe(Methyl)2,Thr4,Orn8]OT, an OT antagonist and non-natriuretic, had no significant PG synthesis stimulating activity in the kidney homogenates. PMID- 3165445 TI - Induction of prolonged excitability in myometrium of pregnant guinea-pigs by prostaglandin F2 alpha. AB - 1. Electrical and mechanical responses to prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) were studied in circular myometrium, with or without endometrium, during the first 3 weeks of gestation of the guinea-pig. 2. Muscle strips from which endometrium had been removed became inexcitable within 30-40 min of isolation from the animal such that action potentials and contraction could not be initiated by depolarizing current steps. Raising the concentration of potassium in the perfusing solution resulted in a small contraction. 3. In these preparations PGF induced complex action potentials that consisted of spikes and a prolonged plateau of depolarization. Each action potential was associated with a large phasic contraction. 4. Contractions induced by PGF are unlikely to result predominantly from release of calcium from intracellular stores since the ability of the agonist to evoke a response was reduced by some 97% in the absence of external calcium or in the presence of calcium channel blockers. 5. When preceded by a brief exposure to PGF, the contractile response to high potassium was enhanced to equal that in response to PGF. Enhancement persisted for approximately 30 min after removal of PGF and was not dependent upon the presence of external calcium. 6. Muscle strips with intact endometrium contracted spontaneously for hours. Each contraction was associated with a complex action potential, both of which were abolished by indomethacin. 7. It is concluded that PGF transforms inexcitable calcium channels in the membrane of the smooth muscle cells of the circular myometrium into excitable ones. The study also suggests that endogenous prostaglandin of endometrial origin may prevent the 'run-down' of channels in vivo. PMID- 3165444 TI - Gestational changes in the utilization of intracellularly stored calcium in the myometrium of guinea-pigs. AB - 1. The ability of oxytocin and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) to induce contraction in guinea-pig myometrium in calcium-free solution was studied in an attempt to assess the extent to which intracellular calcium stores could be released by these two agonists. Both longitudinal and circular muscle layers were studied separately and the effects of gestational age were also examined. 2. In longitudinal strips, the responses to oxytocin and PGF in the absence of external calcium decreased progressively throughout gestation. Responses of circular strips to both agonists were unchanged throughout pregnancy, until day 64, when no response to PGF could be elicited. 3. Pre-treatment with high potassium (and normal calcium) increased the responses to the agonists in calcium-free medium while pre-treatment with beta-adrenoceptor agonists had no effect on responses to oxytocin or PGF. 4. Responses to both agonists decreased with time in calcium free solution suggesting a loss of calcium from stores with a half-time of 3 min. The rate of the decline in the responses was the same in both muscle layers and did not change with gestational age. 5. In the presence of lanthanum contractions evoked by oxytocin, but not PGF, were augmented 2-3-fold. This potentiation of the response to oxytocin occurred in both muscle layers and throughout gestation. 6. Each agonist evoked only one response in calcium-free solution containing EGTA. The response to PGF in longitudinal strips following a challenge with oxytocin was reduced, compared with the response to PGF when applied first while the response to oxytocin in these strips was unchanged following exposure to PGF. In circular strips neither oxytocin- nor PGF-induced contractions were altered following prior exposure to the other agonist. 7. It is concluded that oxytocin and PGF operate via two distinct mechanisms to release intracellularly stored calcium in both longitudinal and circular components of the guinea-pig myometrium and a hypothesis to explain the results is presented. PMID- 3165446 TI - [Statistics of observation, analysis and prognosis in conservative dentistry. I. Statistical reasoning in dental research]. PMID- 3165448 TI - [Teaching of stomatology in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 3165447 TI - [The first texts of European dentistry: mutual recognition of diplomas and harmonization of education (Part one)]. PMID- 3165449 TI - [Pedagogy at the University of Athens dental school]. PMID- 3165450 TI - [Points of endodontic instruments: characteristics and development]. PMID- 3165451 TI - A comparative study of the notch effect of various burs in dentin. PMID- 3165452 TI - A new electromechanical device to measure the accuracy of interocclusal records. AB - A new electromechanical device was developed for measuring vertical dimension. This device monitored accuracy and vertical displacement of various dental materials during the transfer of interocclusal relationships to an articulator. Polyether was the most precise material tested. Its accuracy was in the 20 to 30 micron range and also recommended for use because of other desirable characteristics. The accuracy of the remaining materials from displacement were, in descending order, Dura-Lay acrylic resin, wax, and wax plus zinc oxide. The electromechanical system was tested and verified as accurate, reliable, convenient, and easy to use. PMID- 3165453 TI - Influence of thickness, boxing, and storage on the softness of resilient denture lining materials. PMID- 3165454 TI - The midline and its relation to anatomic landmarks in the edentulous patient. PMID- 3165455 TI - A surgical template for aligned placement of the osseointegrated implant. PMID- 3165456 TI - Occlusal adjustment and occlusal stability. PMID- 3165458 TI - Water sorption by denture acrylic resin and consequent changes in vertical dimension. PMID- 3165459 TI - Centric relation and the treatment position in rehabilitating occlusions: a physiologic approach. Part II: The treatment position. AB - This two-part article described philosophically and technically a physiologic approach to developing a maxillomandibular treatment position for rehabilitating occlusions. Procedures were outlined describing the use of temporary orthopedic interim prostheses that help to stabilize the tissues with patient function before recording the treatment position. The procedures meanwhile aid the dentist in diagnosing the patient's functional preferences regarding the coincidence of the treatment position with centric relation. PMID- 3165460 TI - Fluoride release from glass ionomers used as luting agents. AB - Four glass-ionomer cements were examined for solubility by measuring the fluoride release from a simulated dental restoration. From this study it may be concluded: 1. Glass-ionomer cements as luting agents for dental prostheses release significant quantities of fluoride. 2. Commercially available cements vary in the amounts of fluoride released. 3. The cements with lower powder-to-liquid ratios demonstrated greater fluoride release. 4. The significant release of fluoride indicated that glass-ionomer cements could be effective in reducing caries. PMID- 3165461 TI - Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 3165457 TI - In vivo wear. Part I: The Michigan computer-graphic measuring system. AB - Three-dimensional coordinate measuring machines for examining the quality of industrial castings were reviewed. The concept was modified and successfully converted to examine the minute geometric configurations of the surfaces of dental materials. The wear of composites has undoubtedly precipitated this perceptive, thorough study. PMID- 3165462 TI - Difficult denture birds--new sightings. AB - A unique insight into characteristics, motivation, and behavior of problem complete denture patients is colorfully presented. PMID- 3165463 TI - Bilateral arthrographic evaluation of unilateral temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction. AB - A group of 20 subjects with symptoms of unilateral TMJ and/or associated muscular problems was clinically assessed and the condition of the symptomatic and asymptomatic joints was investigated by using an arthrographic technique. The assumption that asymptomatic TMJs have a normal condyle/disk relationship is now in question. PMID- 3165464 TI - Therapeutic studies on vulvar vestibulitis. AB - Established drugs that could logically be hoped to have a beneficial effect on vulvar vestibulitis were evaluated empirically in small, uncontrolled, pilot studies. A small number of spontaneous remissions occurred in the groups using oral isotretinoin or progesterone cream. Apparent therapeutic responses were observed in women using oral dapsone, oral acyclovir or topical capsaicin. A further investigation of the last two drugs is warranted. PMID- 3165465 TI - Antigens of the HLA system in women with vulvar lichen sclerosus. Association with HLA-B21. AB - The cause of vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is unknown. An autoimmune origin has been suggested. The HLA system is responsible for the synthesis of major histocompatibility antigens and is considered a genetic marker of the risk of or resistance to some diseases. Recently, the association between some antigens of the HLA system and diseases of proven autoimmune origin has been reported. A possible association between antigens of the HLA system and VLS has been investigated by others, with contradictory results. Here we report the results of HLA typing in 68 women with histologically proven VLS. The following antigens were tested: A1, A2, A3, A9-11, A28, A29, A32, B5, B7, B8, B12-B18, B21, B22, B27, B35, B40, Cw1-4, Dr1-5 and Dr7. The results were compared with the frequency of HLA antigens in about 2,000 controls. Patients affected by VLS showed an increased frequency of HLA-B21 (22.06% vs. 9.56%, P less than .001), HLA-Dr5 (55.38% vs. 40.92%, P less than .025) and HLA-Dr7 (38.46% vs. 25.19%, P less than .025). After correction for the number of antigens tested (44) the difference in HLA-B21 frequency was significant at the P less than .05 level. This finding gives further support to the suggestion that an immune system disorder is involved in the origin of VLS. PMID- 3165466 TI - Synergistic activities of combinations of antibiotics against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 3165467 TI - [Physiological changes in the muscle system in medium distance runners]. PMID- 3165468 TI - [The referral pattern in the family medicine clinic]. PMID- 3165469 TI - [Clinical observations of infants and children with rotavirus gastroenteritis in southern Taiwan]. PMID- 3165470 TI - [131-I-metaidobenzylguanidine scintigraphy in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 3165471 TI - Eruptive and tubero-eruptive xanthomas of the skin arising on sites of prior injury. Two case reports. AB - Eruptive and tubero-eruptive xanthomas arising at the site of previous minor skin injury are described in two patients with type IV and type III hyperlipidemia, respectively. In one case, the lesions appeared following a cat scratch, while in the second, massive bee stinging preceded the appearance of a constellation of xanthomas. PMID- 3165472 TI - [Changes in concentration of cefotetan in blood and lung tissue after intravenous administration]. AB - Cefotetan (CTT), a newly-developed cephamycin antibiotic, has been used widely for the treatment of various infectious diseases because of its excellent antibacterial potency and dynamic transport in vivo. Although the drug transfer to almost every organ, tissue, and body fluid has been studied, only a few reports are available regarding the transfer to lung tissue. In the present study, 1 g of CTT was intravenously injected in a single dose to each of 22 patients subjected to pulmonary resection. Subsequently, its concentrations in blood and lung tissue were measured in sequence. The degree of transfer of the drug to the lung tissue was calculated to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of CTT in vivo. The following results were obtained in this analysis. 1. The T1/2(beta) of the concentration in blood was 4.18 hours, and AUC0-infinity was 478.7 micrograms.hr/ml. 2. Cmax in the lung tissue was 31.5 micrograms/g, and Tmax was 0.83 hour, and tissue concentrations decreased in parallel to blood concentrations. CTT was transferred to the lung tissue to achieve high concentrations following an intravenous administration. Since high concentrations are maintained for a long period of time, this antibiotic is expected to exert an excellent effect in the prevention and the treatment of respiratory infections. PMID- 3165473 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of cefmenoxime in renal-failure patients undergoing continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration]. AB - We investigated the pharmacokinetics of cefmenoxime (CMX) administrated to renal failure patients undergoing continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH). CAVH was carried out with a filter (0.5 m2) employing a PAN-50P (hollow fiber type) made of polyacrylonitrile membrane, with a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min and a filtration rate of 1,200 ml/hr. At 5 and 300 minutes after the CMX administration, the concentrations of CMX in the serum were 126.8 mg/L and 31.5 mg/L, respectively. The T1/2 beta was 3.55 hours. In 300 minutes after the administration of CMX, the total amount of CMX contained in the filtrate corresponded to 11.6% of the administered dose. PMID- 3165474 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of cefotiam in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cefotiam (CTM) was investigated in 7 patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). One gram of CTM was infused either intravenously (i.v. group) or intraperitoneally (i.p. group). In the i.v. group, the serum concentration of CTM at 6 hours after infusion was 25.9 mg/L and the half-life value was 5.09 hours, while the peak value of CTM in dialysate was 12.4 mg/L. In the i.p. group without peritonitis, the dialysate concentration of CTM at 6 hours after infusion was 108.6 mg/L. The serum concentration at 15 minutes after infusion was 3.0 mg/L, the corresponding peak value was 14.0 mg/L at 4 and 6 hours after infusion. PMID- 3165475 TI - [Clinical study on transfer into lung tissue and postoperative prophylactic effect of new cephamycin antibiotics, particularly cefotetan and cefbuperazone]. AB - The following findings were obtained in our clinical study on the transfer of cefotetan (CTT) and cefbuperazone (CBPZ), new antibiotics of cephamycin series, into the lung tissue and on their postoperative prophylactic effect. 1. The mean serum concentration 30 minutes after the start of an intravenous drip infusion of 1 g of CTT over a period of 30 minutes was 99.4 micrograms/ml, and it decreased gradually thereafter with the half-life of 2.45 hours. After an intravenous drip infusion of 1 g of CTT over a period of 1 hour, the mean peak concentration of 104.1 micrograms/ml appeared 1 hour after the start of the infusion, and mean concentrations at 2, 4 and 6 hours after the infusion were 63.4, 34.3 and 27.0 micrograms/ml, respectively, with the half-life of 2.35 hours during phase beta. 2. Following 30 minutes of an intravenous drip infusion of CTT, the tissue CTT level in normal lung tissues was Tmax 1.82 hours and Cmax 19.8 micrograms/g. After 1 hour of an intravenous drip infusion the mean concentration in the tissues was at the peak of 39.7 micrograms/g in 2 hours after the start of an administration, while mean levels at 3, 4 and 6 hours after an administration were 32.2, 22.2 and 8.76 micrograms/g, respectively, with Tmax of 1.82 hours and Cmax of 30.5 micrograms/g. 3. Following an intravenous drip infusion of 1 g of CBPZ over a period of 1 hour, the mean serum drug concentration 1 hour after the start of infusion was at its peak, 83.3 micrograms/ml, while mean values at 2, 4 and 6 hours after the start of an administration were, respectively, 40.4, 19.8 and 9.62 micrograms/ml, with the beta-phase half-life of 2.03 hours. 4. By 1 hour after the start of intravenous drip infusion of CBPZ, the mean tissue level in normal lung tissues was at the peak of 31.6 micrograms/g, while mean levels at 3, 4 and 8 hours after an administration were 16.2, 11.0 and 4.56 micrograms/g, respectively, with Tmax of 1.67 hours and Cmax of 21.9 micrograms/g. 5. Infused CBPZ was transferred into bronchiole tissues. Drug concentrations in these tissues at 3 and 5 hours after the start of the infusion were 7.87 and 4.85 micrograms/g, respectively, with their ratios to the peak serum level were 9.4 and 5.8%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3165476 TI - [Prophylactic central nervous system therapy in childhood leukemia and its complications]. PMID- 3165477 TI - [Preventive radiation therapy on central nervous system (CNS) leukemia: studies of radiation port of cranial irradiation and its exposures of lens, and discussion on doses of cranial irradiation]. PMID- 3165480 TI - [An immunocytochemical study on the prostaglandin E2 localization in human gastric mucosa]. PMID- 3165478 TI - [Clinical study on chemotherapy for multiple myeloma: Part IV: Prognostic factors related to long survival]. PMID- 3165479 TI - [Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of CA125]. PMID- 3165481 TI - [A case of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with marked increase of serum CA-19 9]. PMID- 3165482 TI - Glomerular prostaglandin production in diabetic rats with renovascular hypertension. AB - A rat model combining two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertension and streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus was used to assess the pathogenetic significance of vasodilator prostaglandins in diabetic glomerular injury. Glomeruli isolated from normotensive diabetic rats produced greater than normal amounts of PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha under in vitro incubation conditions. In 2K1C hypertensive-diabetic rats, glomeruli from unclipped kidneys (which are prone to accelerated diabetic glomerular injury) produced similarly elevated amounts of PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha, which significantly exceeded the levels produced by glomeruli from clipped kidneys (which are relatively protected from glomerular injury), despite exposure to a similar diabetic environment. In contrast, glomeruli from both unclipped and clipped kidneys of 2K1C hypertensive non-diabetic rats produced normal amounts of PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha. These results suggests a correlation between vasodilator prostaglandin metabolism and susceptibility to diabetic glomerular injury, and illustrate that enhanced glomerular prostaglandin production is not an invariable metabolic consequence of hyperglycemia or insulin deficiency. The data also demonstrate that hemodynamic as well as metabolic factors may influence glomerular prostaglandin metabolism in experimental diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3165483 TI - Lovastatin therapy in nephrotic hyperlipidemia: effects on lipoprotein metabolism. AB - The nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Hypertriglyceridemia often is present as well. In this study, the kinetics of plasma lipoproteins were investigated in four patients with nephrotic hyperlipidemia, and repeat studies were carried out in three of these patients during therapy with lovastatin. Before lovastatin therapy, the patients had an extremely delayed catabolism of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) without evidence of overproduction of lipoproteins in this fraction. Three of four patients had elevated levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) that were due mainly to increased production rates for LDL. In the three patients treated with lovastatin, the drug therapy lowered plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, and raised high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. Lovastatin therapy decreased VLDL triglycerides primarily by enhancing their catabolism, and lowered LDL cholesterol levels mainly by reducing input rates for LDL. Overall, lovastatin appears to be an effective drug for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3165484 TI - [Virus-specific antibody profile in various stages of HIV-1 infection. Western blot analysis of 170 patients]. AB - The western blot analysis of 170 patients with HIV-1-infection demonstrated that 47% of the patients in latent stage, 58% of the patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome and only 25% of the patients with the full-blown picture of AIDS showed the complete pattern of HIV-specific antibody response. This antibody response is mainly directed against the env-encoded envelope proteins gp160, gp120 and gp41, against the gag-encoded core proteins p55, p24 and p17 as well as against the pol encoded enzymatic proteins p66, p51 and p31. Antibodies against gp160 and gp120 were present in nearly all patients, whereas the prevalence of the other antibodies decreased with the stage of the disease. Statistical significant differences were found particularly between patients with LAS or AIDS respectively. Antibodies against p17 were detected in 74% of the patients with LAS but only in 25% of the patients with AIDS. The lack of antibodies against p17, p24 or p51 was significantly associated with lower mean CD4/CD8-ratios (p less than 0.007) and higher mean serum levels of IgA (p less than 0.001) and beta 2-microglobulin (p less than 0.001). One third of the patients with LAS and this reduced pattern of antibody response developed AIDS within six months. These results demonstrate that the detection of antibodies against p17, p24 or p51 is of prognostic importance. A serological profile which lacks the antibody response against at least two of those three viral antigens indicates a progression of the disease activity. PMID- 3165485 TI - Evidence for a selective antileukemic effect of cytosine arabinoside in chronic granulocytic leukemia. AB - On the basis of in-vitro studies indicating that low concentrations of cytosine arabinoside exert preferential inhibition of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells from patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia vs normal subjects, we treated two outpatients with low doses of this agent, administered by subcutaneous infusion for 12-31 days. Both patients continued their usual activities, including employment, during these infusions. They exhibited only Ph positive metaphases at entry into the protocol but in both cases, Ph-positive cells were reduced to approx. 10% of marrow metaphases, after 2-3 successive infusions. Both patients exhibited significant increases in Ph-positive cells, to 46 and 72% of marrow metaphases, during subsequent chemotherapy with hydroxyurea, in dosage sufficient to maintain granulocytopenia and a normal serum B12 level. After additional cytosine arabinoside, both patients again showed decreases in Ph positive cells, to 7% (p less than 0.01) and 19% (p less than 0.0001), respectively. This clinical experience is consistent with the conclusion that cytosine arabinoside (but not, hydroxyurea) exerts a selective antileukemic effect in some patients with CGL. PMID- 3165486 TI - Characterisation of blast cells during blastic phase of chronic myeloid leukaemia by immunophenotyping--experience in 60 patients. AB - The blast cell population of 60 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia in blast crisis (CML-BC) were analyzed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to determine the cell surface antigen phenotypes. In addition, cytochemical stains periodic acid Schiff (PAS), myeloperoxidase (MP), Sudan black B (SBB) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) were also utilized for subtyping. Nineteen cases (31.6%) expressed lymphoid phenotypes characteristic of common ALL cells and one case with extramedullary lymph node crisis expressed T-cell surface phenotypes. Thirty cases (50%) expressed solely myelomonocytic surface antigens with significant TdT activity in three. Cytochemical stains contributed to recognize only 57% of these myeloid blasts. Seven cases (11.7%) were with a mixture of heterogenous group of cells expressing phenotypic characteristics for various haemopoietic cells of different lineage--five of them from the cells of non-lymphoid series (myelomono-erythromegakaryocytic series) and the other two with cells from both lymphoid and myeloid series. Additionally, in two cases (3.3%), the precursor cells reacted only with the erythroid monoclonals. Finally, in one case, the blast cells remained unclassified due to nonreactivity with any of the monoclonals used but expressed significant TdT positivity. The response to uniform vincristine and prednisolone (V + P) therapy has shown that lymphoid blast crisis cases were highly responsive in contrast to the cases with non lymphoid blast crisis (complete remission rate 86 vs 21.4%). The results confirm the evidence of multilineage blast crisis involving either single or mixed haemopoietic differentiation pathway and the utility of having phenotypic characterisation for designing protocols for chemotherapy in the CML patients at the time of blast crisis. PMID- 3165487 TI - Assessment of c-myc expression in individual leukemic cells. AB - The expression of the proto-oncogene c-myc was studied at the protein level in cells obtained from patients with AML and CML. In florid AML and during the blastic phase of CML the majority of cells contain c-myc protein with the amount of protein differing widely among the cells of individual patients. In contrast, during complete remission in AML and during the chronic phase of CML cells containing c-myc protein are rare. Several studies demonstrated a discordance in the amount of c-myc transcript and the amount of c-myc protein present in cell populations thereby suggesting the presence of translational or post translational regulation of c-myc expression. Further, the data suggest that high levels of c-myc protein in the leukemic cells of AML patients are associated with a poor response to therapy and that high levels in AML patients in CR or in the peripheral blood of chronic phase CML patients may be indicative of impending acute leukemia. PMID- 3165488 TI - Comparison of membrane fluidity and transferrin receptor expression as proliferation markers in lymphoproliferative disorders and in mitogen induced lymphoblasts. AB - The correlation of two proliferation related events, membrane fluidization and transferrin receptor expression was studied in different lymphoid cells. With increasing grade of malignancy the membrane microviscosity decreased. Moreover, resting lymphocytes differed significantly from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells in this parameter. [125I]Fe2-transferrin binding increased with increasing proliferation capacity of cells. The membrane microviscosity of mitogen induced blasts was very similar to that of acute lymphoblastic cells, whereas the [125I]Fe2-transferrin binding capacity exceeded roughly 5 times that of the blastic leukaemia cells. This dissociation indicates that these two proliferation markers do not necessarily parallel each other. PMID- 3165489 TI - Comparative in vitro activity of imipenem against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic bacteria from clinical isolates. AB - Imipenem is a member of a new class of beta-lactam antibiotics, carbapenems, with a very broad antibacterial spectrum. In this work we evaluated the in vitro activity of imipenem against a variety of bacterial strains isolated from clinical specimens as well as the activity of other beta-lactam antibiotics. The results obtained with 501 bacterial strains show that imipenem is active on both gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms isolated from different infections. The in vitro inhibitory activity is greater than that of aztreonam, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin, amikacin, and netilmicin, against the majority of strains tested. PMID- 3165490 TI - A complex androgen-responsive enhancer resides 2 kilobases upstream of the mouse Slp gene. AB - Neighboring genes encoding the mouse sex-limited protein (Slp) and fourth component of complement (C4) show extensive homology. In contrast to C4, however, Slp is regulated by androgen. One region of the Slp gene capable of hormonal response following transfection was located about 2 kilobases upstream of the transcription start site, where the C4 and Slp sequences diverge. This region, delimited here to a 0.75-kilobase fragment, showed cryptic promoter activity as well as androgen responsiveness in either orientation in front of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase coding region. When this fragment was placed upstream of a viral long terminal repeat, increased chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression derived from the viral promoter. Proteins from nuclear extracts specifically bound to four sequences within the region, near sites that are DNase I hypersensitive in vivo and reflect the hormonal and developmental regulation of Slp. Like several other cellular enhancers, this androgen-responsive element seems to be modular in nature and complex in its function. PMID- 3165491 TI - The S promoter of hepatitis B virus is regulated by positive and negative elements. AB - The S promoter, one of the major hepatitis B virus (HBV) promoters, directs the synthesis of mRNA for surface antigen. Transient expression studies revealed that this promoter is highly active in the Alexander hepatoma cell line but not in SK Hep1 and HeLa cells. We found that a distal element of the promoter (-103 to -48) confers this cell-type-specific behavior through a mechanism in which the promoter activity is repressed in HeLa and SK-Hep1 cells but increased in Alexander cells. By using an inhibitor of protein synthesis, we obtained evidence that a labile repressor(s) confers the negative effect in SK-Hep1 cells. We also found an enhancerlike activity associated with a small DNA segment of the S promoter (-27 to + 30). This proximal element was active in HeLa and SK-Hep1 cells only in the absence of the distal negative element. Finally, analysis of S promoter deletion mutants demonstrated that the -27 to -17 region of the S promoter is crucial for its activity. PMID- 3165492 TI - Differentiation of erythroid progenitor (CFU-E) cells from mouse fetal liver cells and murine erythroleukemia (TSA8) cells without proliferation. AB - Erythropoietin (epo) appears to play a significant role in influencing the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor (CFU-E) cells. To determine the mechanism of action of epo, the effect of drugs on the in vitro colony formation of CFU-E cells induced from a novel murine erythroleukemia cell line, TSA8, was examined. While cytosine arabinoside inhibited colony formation and terminal differentiation of the CFU-E cells responding to epo, herbimycin, which is a drug that inhibits src-related phosphorylation, inhibited colony formation only. The same effect of herbimycin was observed with normal CFU-E cells from mouse fetal liver cells. These results suggest that epo induces two signals, one for proliferation and the other for differentiation, and that the two signals are not linked in erythroid progenitor cells. PMID- 3165495 TI - [Meningiosis neoplastica--clinical aspects and therapy. Experiences in 78 cases]. PMID- 3165493 TI - Expression of the X-CGD gene during induced differentiation of myeloid leukemia cell line HL-60. AB - The expression of the X-CGD gene, which encodes the heavy-chain subunit of the phagocyte cytochrome b, was studied during induced myeloid differentiation of HL 60 cells. Incubation of the cells with a combined regimen of retinoic acid and dimethyl formamide resulted in granulocytic morphological differentiation and acquisition of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, a measure of superoxide generation. During the 5-day course of induced differentiation, the levels of X CGD mRNA transcripts rose 13-fold, with a 2-fold increase detectable within 3 h of exposure to retinoic acid. Relative transcription rates for the X-CGD gene, determined by nuclear runoff, increased two- to eightfold after 24 to 72 h of induced differentiation. However, the greater change in X-CGD mRNA levels than that in transcription rates implies the involvement of posttranscriptional regulation as well. Fractionation by centrifugal elutriation into phases of the cell cycle showed expression of X-CGD transcripts predominantly in G1 cells before induction and in all phases of the cell cycle 24 h after induction. Thus the rapid increase in X-CGD expression in induced cells reflects the acquisition of functional competence and not the concomitant cessation of proliferation or shift in cell cycle distribution. PMID- 3165494 TI - Yeast activators stimulate plant gene expression. AB - GAL4 is a transcriptional activator found in yeast. Two distinct functions of the protein are required for its activity: one directs sequence-specific DNA binding, and another interacts with some other component of the transcriptional machinery, for example, RNA polymerase II or a TATA-binding protein. Two short regions of GAL4 function as 'activating sequences' when attached to the DNA-binding portion of GAL4 and these regions can be replaced by a large number of peptides encoded by Escherichia coli genomic DNA fragments or by a synthetic peptide designed to form an amphiphilic alpha-helix. All of these activating sequences, like that found in another yeast activator, GCN4 bear an excess negative charge. GAL4 and its derivatives that are active in yeast stimulate transcription in mammalian cells when GAL4 binding sites are introduced upstream of a mammalian gene; similarly, GAL4 activates transcription in Drosophila cells. Here we show that GAL4 derivatives stimulate gene expression in plant cells. PMID- 3165496 TI - [Neurologic involvement in HIV 2 infections]. PMID- 3165497 TI - Characterization of the effects of serotonin on the release of [3H]dopamine from rat nucleus accumbens and striatal slices. AB - The effect of serotonin agonists on the depolarization (K+)-induced, calcium dependent, release of [3H]dopamine (DA) from rat nucleus accumbens and striatal slices was investigated. Serotonin enhanced basal 3H overflow and reduced K+ induced release of [3H]DA from nucleus accumbens slices. The effect of serotonin on basal 3H overflow was not altered by the serotonin antagonist, methysergide, or the serotonin re-uptake blocker, chlorimipramine, but was reversed by the DA re-uptake carrier inhibitors nomifensine and benztropine. With the effect on basal overflow blocked, serotonin did not modulate K+-induced release of [3H]DA in the nucleus accumbens or striatum. The serotonin agonists, quipazine (in the presence of nomifensine) and 5-methoxytryptamine, did not significantly affect K+ induced release of [3H]DA in the nucleus accumbens. This study does not support suggestions that serotonin receptors inhibit the depolarization-induced release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens or striatum of the rat brain. The present results do not preclude the possibility that serotonin may affect the mesolimbic reward system at a site which is post-synaptic to dopaminergic terminals in the nucleus accumbens. PMID- 3165499 TI - The dentists Bill. PMID- 3165498 TI - Abstracts of the eleventh annual meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society. Tokyo, Japan, December 10-11, 1987. PMID- 3165500 TI - Dental care and health outcome in the Dental Benefit Scheme. PMID- 3165501 TI - Trends in oral health: a global perspective. PMID- 3165503 TI - Dental benefits. PMID- 3165504 TI - Orthodontics. PMID- 3165502 TI - Issues for the dental profession: manpower and education. PMID- 3165505 TI - Dentist infected by AIDS. PMID- 3165506 TI - New AIDS research committee. PMID- 3165507 TI - Serum CA 125 levels in patients with endometriosis: changes in CA 125 levels during menstruation. AB - We investigated serum CA 125 levels in 120 patients with benign gynecologic disease, and examined variations in CA 125 levels during the menstrual cycle in six normally cycling women. CA 125 levels were elevated transiently during menstruation, suggesting that blood samples taken during menstruation can give a false-positive result. Whereas the CA 125 values during the nonmenstrual part of the cycle were significantly higher in the patients with adenomyosis and advanced endometriosis (stages III and IV) than in those with a normal pelvis, there was no difference between the patients with mild endometriosis (stages I and II) and the normal-pelvis group. CA 125 levels during menstruation were significantly elevated, not only in women with adenomyosis and advanced endometriosis, but also in those with mild endometriosis, compared with those with a normal pelvis. These data suggest that the measurement of serum CA 125 during menstruation may increase the rate of detection of endometriosis over that in studies done during other phases of the cycle. PMID- 3165509 TI - Mandibular giant cell granuloma. PMID- 3165508 TI - Radiobiologic risk estimation from dental radiology. Part I. Absorbed doses to critical organs. AB - The aim of the present study was to generate one consistent set of data for evaluating and comparing radiobiologic risks from different dental radiographic techniques. To accomplish this goal, absorbed doses were measured in fourteen anatomic sites from (1) five different panoramic machines with the use of rare earth screens, (2) a twenty-film complete-mouth survey with E-speed film, long round cone, (3) a twenty-film complete-mouth survey with E-speed film, long rectangular cone, (4) a four-film interproximal survey with E-speed film, long round cone, and (5) a four-film interproximal survey with E-speed film, long rectangular cone. The dose to the thyroid gland, the active bone marrow, the brain, and the salivary glands was evaluated by means of exposure of a tissue equivalent phantom, fitted with lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) at the relevant locations. PMID- 3165510 TI - Complications of genioplasty done alone or in combination with sagittal split ramus osteotomy. AB - Thirty-one patients who had genioplasty done alone or in combination with bilateral sagittal split-ramus osteotomy of the mandible (BSSRO) were examined within 12 to 68 months after surgery. Neurosensory tests revealed that 10% of the mental nerves in patients who had had isolated genioplasties showed altered sensation of the lower lip, compared to 28.5% of the nerves in patients who had genioplasties and bilateral sagittal split-ramus osteotomies. However, when questioned, 71% of the patients in the latter group indicated awareness of abnormal feeling in the lower lip. Fourteen teeth in isolated genioplasty cases gave an abnormal response to electric pulp testing. The incision lines healed satisfactorily in most patients. Of the intraosseous wires used for fixation, 5.38% were removed 3 to 10 months after surgery. A notch at the osteotomy site on the lower border of the mandible was noted radiographically in 72.5% of the sites. Chin ptosis was noted in one patient. The cosmetic results satisfied 93.6% of the patients. PMID- 3165511 TI - The use of computerized tomography in the diagnosis and management of temporal and infratemporal space abscesses. AB - Computerized tomography has become an essential diagnostic technique in the management of maxillofacial pathosis. Three cases of temporal and infratemporal space abscesses are reviewed in which computerized tomography played an important role in the diagnosis and surgical management of patients. PMID- 3165512 TI - Rigid fixation of maxillary osteotomies: a review of treatment results. AB - Although rigid fixation of maxillary osteotomies has several advantages, it is technically more demanding than wire osteosynthesis. Unsatisfactory postsurgical results can be traced to any of three phases of surgical treatment: preoperative, interoperative, and postoperative. The authors review these three phases of treatment and present cases in which the desired outcome was not initially achieved. The subsequent management of the patients is discussed. PMID- 3165513 TI - Correlation of clinical parameters to the arthrographic depiction of temporomandibular joint internal derangements. AB - This prospective clinical investigation of 188 patients with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and dysfunction examines the correlation between clinical signs and symptoms versus the arthrographic characteristics of intracapsular disease related to displacement of the meniscus. An attempt has been made to establish which specific clinical signs and symptoms, as determined by arthrography, best predict the condition of the joint. Our findings suggest that most of the clinical signs and symptoms are not sufficiently reliable in themselves to permit prediction of the condition of the meniscus. Those clinical parameters that did show a strong correlation were tested in combinations using stepwise discriminant analysis to evaluate clinical tendencies. Thus, patients with normal meniscal position and function were often noted to have normal mandibular ranges of movement, no joint noises on opening and closing of the jaw, and no tomographic evidence of degenerative joint disease. Subjects with meniscal displacement with reduction were often found to have joint clicking, deviation of the jaw upon opening, and an absence of degenerative joint disease by multidirectional tomography. Patients who had meniscal displacement without reduction were often found to have limitation in jaw movement, crepitation on opening and closing of the jaw, and associated degenerative changes on multidirectional tomograms. If specific treatment plans are to be tailored for different stages of TMJ internal derangements, clinical findings alone or clinical findings in conjunction with plain radiographs of the TMJ are not consistently accurate. PMID- 3165514 TI - Hematologic status in recurrent aphthous stomatitis compared with other oral disease. AB - The hematologic status of 144 consecutive patients in the United Kingdom with oral disease (69 with recurrent aphthous stomatitis; 75 with other disorders) was examined in an attempt to resolve the controversy as to whether levels of hemoglobin, blood cell numbers and indices, and blood film are adequate in the screening of patients with aphthae. Though hemoglobin levels and red blood cell indices were normal in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis, there was still a small minority of patients with deficiencies of iron (low serum ferritin), folate (low red blood cell levels), or vitamin B12 (low serum levels) that would have remained undetected. Full hematologic screening of patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis thus reveals latent deficiency states, at least in some parts of the world, and there are good reasons for elucidating the underlying cause and correcting these deficiencies, particularly vitamin B12 deficiency. Therapeutic studies are now required to establish the frequency with which deficiencies actually predispose to recurrent aphthous stomatitis. PMID- 3165515 TI - Two cases of oral pigmentation associated with quinidine therapy. AB - Melanin pigmentation of the hard palate is described in two patients receiving long-term quinidine therapy for cardiac arrhythmia. The importance of quinidine induced oral pigmentation in the differential diagnosis of oral pigmentary disturbances is discussed. PMID- 3165516 TI - Duplication of the premolar dentition. AB - Multiple supernumerary teeth, often associated with various syndromes, is a relatively uncommon isolated dental anomaly. We present a case of a 9-year-old black male patient with complete duplication of the premolar dentition and premolarization of the permanent canines. PMID- 3165517 TI - Tumor of the tongue containing heterotopic brain tissue. AB - A polypoid tumor containing astrocytic glia and ependyma was excised from the base of the tongue of a 3-month-old infant. Neuroid elements were identified immunocytochemically and by means of electron microscopy. We attribute this rare anomaly to displacement of brain tissue in early embryogenesis before closure of the palate. PMID- 3165518 TI - Multiple dental follicles with odontogenic fibroma-like changes (WHO type). AB - A 15-year-old boy, in the case presented in this article, had 13 unerupted teeth, each associated with hyperplastic pericoronal tissue that showed histologic features suggestive of the WHO type of odontogenic fibroma. The etiology, clinical features, radiographic findings, and histopathology of the odontogenic fibroma are reviewed. It is suggested that the unusual pericoronal findings represent a hamartomatous change. PMID- 3165519 TI - Loss of directional orientation control of lower jaw movements in persons with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. AB - Lateral mandibular movements were performed on command by 50 patients with TMJ disk displacement associated with severe pain. In 22 patients the displacement was reversible, and in 28 patients it was permanent. An additional 50 patients with disorders of the masticatory system other than disk displacement were examined, as well as a group of 50 subjects without any signs or symptoms involving the masticatory system. The results showed that 22 patients (4 with reversible and 18 with permanent disk displacement) failed to move the mandible without tooth contact toward a predetermined direction and, instead, moved it in the opposite direction. The persons themselves were convinced that the direction of movement was correct. If finger pressure was applied to the joint area on the affected side, 25% of the patients with loss of directional control were able to move correctly. A normalization of the directional control was attained in 20% of the cases if lateral movements were performed with light tooth contact. All the patients with disorders of the masticatory system other than anterior disk displacement demonstrated a correct lateral mandibular movement pattern. In the control group, 2% demonstrated incapability of directional control of lateral jaw movements. The results indicate that loss of directional control of the lower jaw is associated with disk displacement. PMID- 3165520 TI - A detailed analysis of four long-term silver cone root canal fillings. AB - Because many failures in root canal therapy have been attributed to the use of silver cones as a filling material, it was decided to examine four roots of three teeth, each of which had been successfully treated endodontically with silver cones ranging from 24 to 34 years previously. These roots, which were resected for periodontal reasons, were examined both under the scanning electron microscope and histologically. Examination with the scanning electron microscope revealed that all four cones were moderately to severely corroded. Histologic examination of two teeth disclosed corrosion products along the entire wall and, in one instance, within the dentinal tubules and apical tissue. The corrosion products, however, were most extensive in the cone that appeared to be loose fitting within the canal. The results indicated that corrosion products occurred in all of the teeth examined. Therefore, corrosion may not be the primary factor accounting for failure in teeth endodontically treated with silver cones. PMID- 3165521 TI - Acute pulpal-alveolar cellulitis syndrome. IV. Exacerbations during endodontic treatment. Part 3. A case report. AB - An asymptomatic abscessed maxillary premolar, which had undergone previous endodontic treatment, was retreated. The initial attempt to remove the silver cone seal was unsuccessful. Early the next morning, the patient appeared with a severe cellulitis exacerbation. The silver cone was now loose: a lateral "blowout." Specific cultures of the silver cone and exudate revealed three aerobic microbes: a Streptococcus sp and two obligate Pseudomonas spp. Anaerobes were shown to be absent with anaerobic subcultures. This case would appear to substantiate the alteration of the tissue oxidation-reduction potential as the major factor in endodontic cellulitis exacerbations, as previously reported. PMID- 3165522 TI - Xeroradiography in root fracture diagnosis. AB - Root fracture is a clinical problem that often is difficult to diagnose. The purpose of this study was to compare diagnostic value of conventional radiographic and xeroradiographic images of experimentally fractured teeth. Forty five extracted human single-rooted teeth were used. The roots of the teeth were coated with wax to simulate periodontal ligament and invested in acrylic to the cementoenamel junction. An access cavity was prepared and para-post, size 4 to 12 mm, was placed into the root canal. Each tooth with post was placed on the load cell table of an Instron testing machine. The Instron continuously recorded load on a moving graph paper. The load was increased until the tooth fractured. Determination of fracture was made by the sound of a sharp "crack" and by a sudden release of load on the post, as seen on the Instron recording graph. After fracture, conventional radiograph and xeroradiograph were obtained for each tooth by use of the paralleling technique. The x-ray beam angle, film distance, and tooth placement were held constant in both techniques by use of a Rinn instrument. All films were evaluated by use of light from a masked viewbox, while all of the xeroradiographs were viewed in reflected light. A magnifying glass was used to aid in the examination process. The samples were examined and categorized for root fracture by the examiners with the use of the following scores: 0 = unacceptably poor, 1 = poor but diagnostic, 2 = adequate for diagnostic information, and 3 = optimal for diagnostic information.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3165523 TI - Study to examine use of retrovir. PMID- 3165524 TI - Tender points in fibromyalgia. AB - To establish inter-rater and test-retest reliability of use of a pressure algometer, 5 males and 5 females suffering from chronic fibromyalgia ('fibrositis'), and a normal group of 5 males and 5 females, were examined 2 times by each of 2 independent examiners, using 1 kg/sec rate of application, over 10 paired and typical 'tender points,' localized by skin marker. Tenderness thresholds of tender points were coded and analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, for factors sex, normal/fibromyalgia, and side, rater, and time 1/time 2. There was significantly lower tenderness thresholds of tender points in fibromyalgia compared to normal subjects. Generalizability coefficients were calculated and showed high inter-rater (0.85), and test-retest (0.85) reliability. Highly significant differences were found between specific tender points. A further 10 normals and 10 fibromyalgia subjects were then examined for 5 paired tender points and 5 paired non-tender points. A 2-way ANOVA was conducted for summed and averaged scores for all tender and non-tender points, with factors normal/fibromyalgia and tender/non-tender; again, there was a large difference between normal and fibromyalgia subjects, and between tender and non tender points. The interaction was small but significant, but there was a larger difference between fibromyalgia and normal subjects observed on non-tender points. The low tenderness threshold observed at the tender points of fibromyalgia patients may reflect a more generalized lowering of tenderness thresholds, seen at non-tender points as well. PMID- 3165525 TI - Atypical mycobacterial infections of Hickman catheter exit sites. PMID- 3165526 TI - Improved enzymatic in vitro reactions in the gapped duplex DNA approach to oligonucleotide-directed construction of mutations. PMID- 3165527 TI - [Coexistence of tuberculosis of the lymph nodes and myeloblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3165528 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen, Ca 19-9 and Ca 125 antigen levels in the sera of patients with cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 3165529 TI - Linear relationship of the loci for barring, dermal melanin inhibitor, and recessive white skin on the chicken Z chromosome. AB - The Z-linked loci barring (B), dermal melanin inhibitor (Id), and recessive white skin (y), and the MN t(Z;1) Z-linked chromosome translocation breakpoint (TB) were tested for linkage relationships. The linear order was found to be B-Id-TB y, with B distal from the centromere on the long arm of the chromosome, and y mapping closest to the centromere. Calculated map unit values between markers varied depending on the presence or absence of the chromosome translocation. When tested on a normal chromosome, map distance +/- SE between B and Id was 13.7 +/- 2.2, and the Id-y distance was 39.9 +/- 3.0. The B and y loci showed independent segregation. When B and y were tested in the presence of the translocation, the calculated distance between these markers was 29.8 +/- 4.0. The B locus mapped 19.1 +/- 3.5 from TB, and y mapped 16.8 +/- 3.1 from TB. PMID- 3165530 TI - Histochemical localization of prostaglandin dehydrogenase activity for PGF-2 alpha in some bovine tissues. AB - Prostaglandin dehydrogenase activity is histochemically detected in various bovine tissues (kidney, liver, lung, parotid and naso-labial glands) using as substrate prostaglandin F-2 alpha. Kidney, liver and lung showed the highest intensity of the reaction, but parotid and naso-labial glands also displayed enzymatic activity at the level of the ductal cells. PMID- 3165531 TI - The blocking effect of PGE2 on lymphocyte reactivity in vitro is influenced by high concentrations of human serum. AB - PGE2 solubilized in human serum as well as dialyzed or heat inactivated human serum was tested for modulating natural cytotoxicity as compared to PGE2 solubilized in culture medium. PGE2 dissolved in human serum failed to affect cytotoxicity, while that solubilized in dialyzed or heat inactivated serum suppressed in vitro cytotoxic activity of the lymphocytes similarly to PGE2 in culture medium. It is concluded that the immunomodulatory potential of PGE2 observed in vitro is inhibited by high concentrations of human serum and that in vitro findings with this compound might not reflect the situation in vivo. PMID- 3165532 TI - Energetics of DNA repair: effects of temperature on DNA repair in UV-irradiated peripheral blood leucocytes from chronic myeloid leukemic patients. PMID- 3165533 TI - Family data support a dominant major gene for Tourette syndrome. AB - A dominant major gene was supported by analyses of 50 large extended Tourette syndrome (TS) pedigrees and by a subset of families defined by proband's clinical response to the neuroleptic drug haloperidol. Relatives were defined as affected if they ever had tics or TS. Assuming a nearly even sex ratio for TS and related symptoms resulted in the best fit of the genetic model to observed rates in families. PMID- 3165534 TI - Classification of mental disorder in primary care. AB - This monograph describes a study designed to test how far the two major international systems of disease classification, International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and International Classification of Health Problems in Primary Care (ICHPPC), can be consistently applied by General Practitioners (GPs) to mental disorder presenting in primary care, and to identify sources of observer variation occurring at different stages of clinical judgement. A group of 27 senior GPs was exposed to a series of real life general practice consultations, either in the form of videotape or written case-vignette material, chosen to reflect a wide range of minor psychiatric problems, differing not only in respect of phenomenology but also of their associations with social stresses and supports, physical illness and personality features. The findings clearly indicate that neither ICD nor ICHPPC can be applied consistently by GPs. However, while the overall diagnostic concordance using ICD and ICHPPC proved to be disappointingly low, agreement on individual observations relating to psychological, physical, personality and social features was moderately good. It was also noted that participants, when given the opportunity, tended to incorporate several domains into their diagnostic conclusions, aiming for a multidimensional formulation, to which neither ICD nor ICHPPC lend themselves. It is, therefore, not surprising that if the principal diagnostic schemata are neither adequate in themselves nor readily applicable to primary care, then GPs are more likely to resort to symptomatic treatment and evade diagnosis when confronted with minor psychiatric morbidity. The consequence of this approach for National Morbidity Surveys and drug trials are discussed. The historical development of multiaxial schemata of classification is briefly traced, the problems associated with DSM-III are discussed, and a comprehensive model of classification is proposed which incorporates the notions of severity and duration as well as of category on the four dimensions of psychological illness, social stresses and supports, personality and physical illness. PMID- 3165535 TI - P.R.N. success story. PMID- 3165536 TI - Mutation induction and relative biological effectiveness of neutrons in mammalian cells. Experimental observations. AB - The induction of mutation by graded doses of monoenergetic neutrons was examined using the human-hamster hybrid cell system. The AL cells, formed by fusion of human fibroblasts with the gly- A mutant of the Chinese hamster ovary cells, contain the standard set of hamster chromosomes plus a single human chromosome, number 11. These cells contain specific human cell surface antigens that render them sensitive to killing by specific antisera in the presence of complement. Mutant AL cells that have lost the surface markers, however, would survive and give rise to scorable colonies. The cells were irradiated with neutrons produced at the Radiological Research Accelerator Facility of Columbia University. Doses corresponding to low, moderate, and high cytotoxicities and in energies ranging from 0.33 to 14 MeV were used. Neutrons induced a dose-dependent cytotoxicity and mutation frequency in the AL cells. Over the range of doses examined, it was found that the mutagenesis induced by neutrons was energy-dependent and the frequencies were a curvilinear function of dose for both the a1 and a2 antigenic loci examined. In comparison to gamma rays, the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for cell lethality at the 10% survival level ranged from 5.2 for 0.33 MeV to 1.8 for 14 MeV neutrons. The RBE for mutation induction at the a1 locus, however, ranged from 30 for 0.33 MeV to 4.2 for 14 MeV neutrons at or around the lowest levels of effect examined. Results of the present study demonstrated that neutrons, when measured under conditions which permit detection of a spectrum of gene and chromosomal mutations, in fact, are more efficient mutagens than previously thought. PMID- 3165537 TI - Preliminary experimental results with the nitrosourea derivative ACNU in the treatment of malignant gliomas. AB - Comparative studies were carried out to evaluate the cytotoxic effectiveness of the nitrosureas ACNU (Nimustine) and BCNU (Carmustine) at equitoxic dose levels in xenografts from two astrocytomas grades III/IV (Li, Re) and one oligodendroglioma grade III (Oe) on nude mice. Growth delay was measured as the endpoint. All tumours were characterized initially and at regular intervals in later passages as to their histomorphologic pattern, expression of glial fibrillary acid protein and DNA-content by means of flow cytometry. These characteristics were shown to be unchanged in our xenografts over more than 27 passages. Growth delays of 18.7 days (ACNU) and 2.4 days (BCNU) for the Li xenograft (p less than 0.01) were observed at an LD10 for both drugs. For the Re- and Oe-xenografts, growth delays of 18.0 vs. 14.0 days (p less than 0.001) and greater than 27.0 vs. 14.2 days (p less than 0.02) were observed at an equitoxic dose of 33 mg/kg ACNU or BCNU i.p., respectively. These preclinical data suggest a therapeutic advantage with ACNU for these high grade gliomas and should encourage further experimental and clinical investigations. PMID- 3165538 TI - Interim results of intra-arterial 4'-epi-doxorubicin for liver metastases. PMID- 3165539 TI - PGF2 alpha-induced milk ejection in ewes having cyclic or pregnant corpora lutea. AB - The production of luteal oxytocin in ewes, resulting from the intrajugular injection of 200 micrograms of PGF2 alpha, could be determined by the increase in intramammary pressure. This simple indirect method of measuring the activity of the corpus luteum enabled easy detection of renewed post-partum ovulation or the onset of pregnancy. The response was monitored every two days between Days 0 and 25, then every 4 days between Days 25 and 59 in: 9 cyclic ewes (group B); 9 cyclic ewes treated with three daily intramuscular injections of 25 mg of Trilostane, a steroid synthesis inhibitor, between Days 7 and 25 (group A); 11 pregnant ewes (group C). Progesterone levels were determined each day from blood sampled in the jugular vein. Trilostane produced a decrease in plasma progesterone, not a total suppression (fig. 3), but did not significantly modify the intramammary pressure variations resulting from PGF2 alpha injections. These were identical in both cyclic and pregnant ewes during the first 15 days: they increased from D0 to D7 and decreased between D12 and D15 (fig. 4). After D15, the increase in intramammary pressure progressively weakened and became 0 at D17 in the cyclic ewes, whereas in the pregnant animals there was a renewed increase in intramammary pressure until D20; this regressed progressively afterwards and disappeared towards D45. This transitory, renewed activity between D15 and D20 might be an indirect or direct result of the message delivered by the embryo to maintain the corpus luteum. Several hypotheses are discussed with a view to explaining this phenomenon. PMID- 3165540 TI - Effect of exogenous ovarian steroids on the uterine luminal prostaglandins in ovariectomised mares with experimental endometritis. AB - Prostaglandins (PGs) F and E2 were measured in lavage fluid from the uterus of ovariectomised mares after experimental induction of uterine inflammation. Treatment with progesterone alone, or progesterone followed by oestradiol, significantly increased the concentrations of these PGs in the lavage compared with mares treated with oestradiol or control mares. Ovarian steroids, therefore, influenced uterine PG synthesis in response to an inflammatory stimulus. To determine whether the uterine lavage procedure might contribute to the concentrations of prostaglandins in the lavage, the procedure was also performed on six intact mares. With the exception of washings obtained at luteolysis, uterine concentrations of PGF (measured as the plasma metabolite 15-keto-13,14 dihydro PGF2 alpha) had returned to prewashing levels within 30 minutes of the start of uterine lavage. Lavage was therefore unlikely to have influenced the concentrations of prostaglandins in the lavage fluid. PMID- 3165541 TI - [Low doses of subcutaneous cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes]. PMID- 3165543 TI - [A non-specific vulvo-vagino-gingival syndrome]. AB - The case of a 29 year-old patient is reported who initially complained about gingivitis and one year later developed a colpitis. After two years the patient was admitted to our hospital where inflammatory erosive changes of the gingiva, the vagina and the vulva were seen. Neither laboratory parameters nor histological results allowed an exact diagnosis of these findings. Also a Lichen ruber erosive had been excluded by the microscopic findings of a gingival and vaginal biopsy. Thus, the diagnosis of a non-specific vulvo-vagino-gingival syndrome was established, whereby antiphlogistic treatment with corticosteroids led to an improvement of the patient's symptoms. PMID- 3165542 TI - [Guidelines for the management of patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus]. PMID- 3165544 TI - [Contrast arthrography of the temporomandibular joint]. AB - Seventy-four temporomandibular arthrographic examinations, mostly involving paracentesis of the menisco-condylar compartment, provided the means for visualizing normal and pathologic aspects of both reducible and non-reducible meniscal dislocations, and of perforations. Findings included distension of the bilaminar zone and adhesions. Post modeling condyloplasty status was noted. At present, arthrography seems to be the most reliable test, as well as being the easiest to perform and the least expensive one for visualizing menisco-condylar abnormalities. PMID- 3165545 TI - [Magnetic resonance and salivary pathology. Identification of a lipoma of the parotid gland]. AB - Fatty tissue is easily identified by magnetic resonance imaging by the enhanced signal in sequences weighted T1 and a weak signal in those weighted T2. A lipoma of parotid was identified fortuitously during investigation of a cerebral tumor. PMID- 3165547 TI - [The temporal muscle flap. Its use in transmaxillary oro-pharyngectomy]. AB - Results are reported of the use of four temporal muscle flaps for reconstruction of the floor of mouth and the velo-amygdalo-palatine region after transmaxillary buccopharyngectomy for malignant tumor. The good vascularization of the temporal flap ensured very satisfactory immediate and long term results. PMID- 3165546 TI - [The value of projection genioplasty using silicone endoprostheses]. AB - Use of a silicone menton endoprosthesis appears to be a seductive alternative to menton osteotomy for profile reconstructions of a certain type, whether pure or associated with orthognathic treatment. A strict surgical technique is essential, particularly a limited incision and median and low situated positioning. The advantages and inconveniences of this procedure are described and the need for very selective choice of patients emphasized. PMID- 3165548 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic aspects of maxillofacial lesions of Paget's disease]. AB - Histopathology of mandibular swellings in two women aged 68 and 73 years respectively provided a diagnosis of Paget's disease. The complementary biological tests (phosphorus-calcium metabolism, alkaline phosphatase, hydroxyprolinuria) performed showed the increase in bone metabolism, while imaging techniques (conventional radiography, scintigraphy, CT scan) demonstrated numerous subclinical bony foci. Treatment of the facial deformity, if desirable esthetically or functionally necessary (alveolitis, osteitis) can only be surgical. If there is biological bone hypermetabolism, medical (diphosphonate, calcitonin) can be discussed with the rheumatologists. Evolutive risks are represented by rare sarcomatous transformations, osteomyelitis on Paget and monstrous deformities of the face, as in one of the patients reported who had refused all treatment over 37 years. PMID- 3165549 TI - Reports of the World Organization of Gastroenterology. Activities of the Research, Education, and Ethics Committees. PMID- 3165550 TI - The OMGE multinational inflammatory bowel disease survey 1976-1986. A further report on 3175 cases. AB - This presentation describes the progress during 1982-1986 of the OMGE Multinational Survey of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. After a brief description of the study design and protocol, the status of the survey in 1986 is presented. In all, 40 centres contributed 3175 cases at that time, data collection being meticulous via previously designed proformata. Diagnostic criteria are next discussed. Little change between 1976 and 1986 is noted, with wide congruence of diagnostic thought, now codified into a simple (and recommended) OMGE diagnostic scoring system. Patients seen prior to 1978 were reviewed in 1986. Where attempted, a follow-up of over 86% was achieved, usually more than 4 years after the original presentation involving no less than 5215 'patient-years' of observed follow-up. Following these overall considerations, details of four subprojects are annexed, each of which was presented as a 'free paper' at the 8th World Congress and concerning, respectively, the changing natural history of IBD, risks of perforation and toxic megacolon in the 1980s, IBD in elderly patients, and features associated with recurrence in Crohn's disease. PMID- 3165551 TI - The natural history of inflammatory bowel disease: has there been a change in the last 20 years? AB - This presentation reviews the course and outcome of disease in 2657 cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) registered into the OMGE multinational survey and considers whether there are differences between the natural history of IBD observed in this series and that observed in earlier large-scale series. It is concluded that several such differences exist. The current mortality from ulcerative colitis (4% in 10 years) is similar to that from Crohn's disease and quite different from that recorded in earlier series (over 20% in 10 years). This may be because the disease itself has changed (the proportion of patient-years with severe attack has fallen from 14.6% in the 1960s to under 10% in the present series). It may also be because of increasing use of maintenance sulphasalazine (since the attack rate per year is significantly lower than patients on maintenance therapy). Finally, cancer is now equally common in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients; whilst perforation is more common in Crohn's disease (possibly because ulcerative colitis patients now tend to come to surgery earlier). PMID- 3165552 TI - Perforation of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease. An OMGE survey. AB - This presentation assesses the incidence of perforation of the intestine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease by reviewing the incidence of this complication in a total of 3175 patients from the OMGE inflammatory bowel disease multi-national survey. Amongst 1928 patients with ulcerative colitis, perforation was noted in only 5 (0.3%), which is much lower than in previous series (from 1% to 2%). By contrast, 19 of 1247 patients with Crohn's disease had perforated (1.5%). The survey thus suggests that the incidence of perforation in ulcerative colitis has fallen in the last 2 decades, probably as a result of the widespread implementation of early surgery. The risk of perforation of Crohn's disease remains quite high. PMID- 3165553 TI - Inflammatory bowel disease in the elderly patient. AB - Studies of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) undertaken in the 1960s reported a highly unfavourable course and prognosis in patients over the age of 60 years. However, recent surveys have suggested that the pattern of IBD in the elderly patient is similar to the overall pattern of disease in other age groups. We have, therefore, reviewed data relating to 2657 patients from the OMGE series with particular reference to the pattern of disease in 244 patients (9.1% of the total group) aged over 60 years at the time of registration into the survey. The course and outcome of disease in these 244 patients were similar to other age groups in terms of response to therapy, major complications, and rate of recourse to surgery. However, the death rate in the elderly (2.4%) was higher than that in younger patients (0.8%). We concur with recent studies that the course of IBD is now more favourable in elderly patients than hitherto suspected. The cause is probably multifactorial, involving both a change in therapy and a change in the natural history of the disease. PMID- 3165554 TI - Factors affecting recurrence after surgery for Crohn's disease. AB - The prospect of recurrence following surgery for Crohn's disease (CD) poses an important and difficult problem in routine clinical practice. Out of the 1247 CD patients registered in the OMGE multinational inflammatory bowel disease survey, a high proportion came to surgery. A detailed study has been undertaken of 154 patients (77 who did recur matched with 77 who did not recur) who had undergone surgery for CD. An assessment was made which established a 'risk factor' (RF) for each item of patient information. Findings indicated the risk of recurrence to be higher in patients under 20 years both at onset of disease (RF, 2.2:1) and at time of their operation (RF, 2.7:1) and in patients with distal colonic Crohn's disease (RF, 1.8:1). Histopathologic findings, number of previous operations, and symptomatic status prior to operation did not appear to affect the subsequent risk of recurrence. The margin of clearance at operation appeared to affect further recurrence. Amongst patients with 10cm or more margin of clearance (i.e. histopathologically normal bowel) only 21% recurred during follow-up, versus 50% in those with a smaller margin of clearance. PMID- 3165556 TI - Education and training in gastroenterology. A report from Europe. AB - A questionnaire was sent to all associations of gastroenterology in Europe. The answers provided the basis for the conclusion that gastroenterology does not seem to be as established a speciality in Europe as many other specialities. There are clear future needs and growth potentials. There is also a clear need for increased international communication and cooperation. PMID- 3165555 TI - Acute abdominal pain in patients over 50 years of age. AB - This study aimed to discover whether the disease spectrum in elderly patients (50 years and over) differed from that in other ages, and to compare patient presentation, progress and outcome between different age groups. In all, a total of 2406 patients from the OMGE series who were aged 50 and over were studied. Cholecystitis was the commonest disease category, commoner even than NSAP and appendicitis. Obstruction was more than three times as common in the elderly patients. One in four obstruction cases eventually proved to be due to an undiagnosed hernia. Cancer rates rose to 24% in patients over 70; whilst vascular causes accounted for 2.3% of patients over 50. As regards outcome, the risk to life rose steeply after the age of 50, possibly reflecting low rates of diagnostic accuracy. The clinical presentation of appendicitis was quite different in those over 50. Patients over 50 years with acute abdominal pain should be viewed differently from other younger patients, with special care being taken to look for hernia, cancer, and vascular disease. Educational material should also be reviewed to reflect the different features of the elderly patient. It is clear that further data on elderly patients are urgently required. PMID- 3165557 TI - Evaluation of training programs in clinical gastroenterology. Canadian experience, 1971-1981. AB - The existing Canadian training programs prepare the majority of the trainees adequately for the final examination. The standards of the examination and the passing rate are realistic and compare favourably with those of the general internal medicine speciality examination. PMID- 3165558 TI - Education and training in gastroenterology. A report from the Far East. AB - The Far East is a poorly defined region with enormous population density, the countries possessing divergent historical and cultural backgrounds, and in many the spectrum of disease is determined by poverty. Training in gastroenterology usually involves 3 years' training in general medicine, followed by 3-5 years' training in gastroenterology. The degree of sophistication of the program varies from country to country. The survey showed most units had 20-40 beds allocated to gastrointestinal diseases, and the number of full-time and research staff varied greatly. A need existed for overseas training for graduates doing their initial training in gastroenterology, and for more senior gastroenterologists who wish to extend their knowledge of overseas practices and techniques. Also, in many countries there was a deficiency in the availability of overseas journals and texts. PMID- 3165559 TI - Reports and recommendations on the teaching of and training in gastroenterology in South America. AB - This report is based on information obtained from the medical education associations of Brazil, Colombia, and Chile. It seems that a similar policy is followed by the other countries of Latin America. The aim of the undergraduate teaching is the training of a general physician. The teaching of subspecialities is just a part of internal medicine. The education and training program should take this interrelationship into account, to prepare a general physician concerned with the biopsychosocial unity of the patient. The students must be trained for the diagnosis and management of the commonest disorders of the alimentary tract. As a speciality, gastroenterology education starts after graduation, in a 2-year program of medical residency, following a 1-year training in internal medicine. In Brazil there are courses for graduates following the medical residency program, to prepare for master's and doctor's degrees. PMID- 3165560 TI - Problems of education and training in gastroenterology in the Middle East and Africa. AB - Gastrointestinal diseases are prevalent throughout the Middle East and Africa, causing high morbidity and mortality. The available data point to a morbidity of 20% in Zimbabwe and 18% in Egypt, and to a mortality of 26.6%, 17.9%, and 7.9% in Egypt, Mauretania, and Syria, respectively. However, most if not all the countries in our area of interest lack valid medical statistics. Gastroenterology is a neglected speciality in our region. Community-based curricula have only been tried in Egypt and Sudan universities. In Egypt, which tops the list, the number of gastroenterologists serving the community is 1/500,000, compared with 1/400,000 in Turkey and 1/100,000 in Denmark. Lack of funding is of considerable importance, as are low salaries, shortage of and insufficient service of equipment, and inability to attend international meetings. Gastroenterology is not represented at departmental levels in hospitals. There is a lack of team spirit among the medical profession, at the expense of much duplication of equipment. In most African countries training programs and gastrointestinal societies are lacking. The needs for the future: establishment of national programs for education and training in gastroenterology; creation of departments of gastroenterology and of membership/fellowship/university degrees; establishment of community-based curricula and promotionally based training; creation and reviving of societies of gastroenterology; and organization of activities, team work, and economic support of training programs. PMID- 3165562 TI - Ethics in gastrointestinal research. Symposium on the occasion of the 8th World Congress of Gastroenterology. Sao Paulo, 12 September 1986. Proceedings. PMID- 3165561 TI - Education and training in gastroenterology in China. AB - A description is given of the developments since the 'Cultural Revolution' in 1949. The Association of Digestive Disease and Division of Endoscopy were organized in 1979, with more than 4000 members. Active centres have been established both in medicine and surgery, particularly in the university hospitals, with defined requirements for training programs. PMID- 3165563 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the twenty-first Scandinavian Conference on Gastroenterology and the twelfth Scandinavian Meeting on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Turku, Finland, 2-4 June 1988. PMID- 3165564 TI - Decision on gene test deferred. PMID- 3165566 TI - Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. PMID- 3165565 TI - New targets for human gene therapy. PMID- 3165567 TI - A time-related study of healing in the marginal periodontal/root interface. AB - Healing in a marginal periodontal wound was followed from 1 to 56 days with scanning electron and light microscopy. It was shown that early cell reactions on the root surface involves a plaque-induced inflammation with an apical migration of marginal epithelium, thus preventing connective tissue attachment. New cementum was found only on old cementum in the most apical part of the experimental wound. A temporal morphological baseline was established for further studies on the influence of various local endogenous and exogenous factors on marginal periodontal healing. PMID- 3165568 TI - Iron and dental caries. AB - Studies of human and animal caries, experiments in vitro and laboratory reports initiated the present study of a possible caries preventing effect of iron. The study comprises two sections. (I) Coatings on teeth of hamsters treated with iron salts and films formed on various solutions containing ferrous ions were examined with scanning electron microscopy and x-ray fluorescence analysis. (II) Enamel surface layers, remineralized caries lesions, fluorosed rat bone, coatings on teeth of hamsters treated with iron salts and films formed on solutions containing ferrous ions were examined with transmitting electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Based on the findings the following effects were visualized. When brought into the mouth, even in small amounts, iron ions will be precipitated on the enamel surface as thin acid resistant coatings containing gels and crystals of hydrous iron oxides. In addition, by adsorbing salivary calcium and phosphate ions these iron compounds seem to be able to nucleate the formation of apatites, thus mediating a replacement of minerals, which have been dissolved during the acid phases of the caries process. PMID- 3165569 TI - Dentinogenesis imperfecta in a six-generation family. A clinical, radiographic and histologic comparison of two branches through three generations. AB - Dentinogenesis imperfecta type II through 2 branches of a 6-generation family was presented focusing on individual differences in clinical, radiographic and histological appearances. These differences lead to different treatment approaches emphasizing prevention of attrition in order to avoid loss of vertical height and development of periapical lesions. PMID- 3165570 TI - Computer aided photograph analyses in oral medicine--a pilot study. AB - In this methodological, pilot study the usefulness of computer aided photograph analyses (CAPA) was tested for the demonstration of intraoral tissue changes, registered by standardized, clinical close-up (2:1) photography. Individual effects of tobacco on, a.o., the blood vessel supply of the oral mucosa were, thus, documented photographically every five minutes after cigarette smoking and snuff-dipping respectively in three healthy volunteers, aged 45, 35 and 30 years. In the same way the effects of nicotine, released from a 4mg Nicorette chewing gum (Leo), were recorded in all test persons. The clinical photographs were transformed into digital images and analysed by means of computer graphics (Supernova 24.1 and IBM-AT; ART 2 programme) for comparative investigations of the series of pictures. The methods employed facilitated the demonstration of even minor tissue changes in the original photographs. Standardized macrophotography of the oral mucosa and subsequent CAPA-procedures may be valuable tools in interdisciplinary research with the purpose to visualize, a.o. drug-induced, vascular changes. The digitized images may be used for statistical analyses. Further improvements of the CAPA-technique are in progress. PMID- 3165572 TI - Diazepam for inappetence. PMID- 3165571 TI - Childhood acute leukemia as a prototype of curable cancer. PMID- 3165574 TI - Evaluation of new technologies in endodontics: Part II--Canal instrumentation. PMID- 3165575 TI - Tips for use of glass ionomer cements. PMID- 3165573 TI - Selective encapsidation of CAT gene transcripts in TMV-infected transgenic tobacco inhibits CAT synthesis. AB - Young tobacco seedlings (F1-progeny), transformed to express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) mRNA with or without a 3'-proximal copy of the origin-of assembly sequence (OAS) from tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA (residues 5118-5550), were inoculated with TMV. After 21 days, virus symptoms were observed and systemic TMV infections were confirmed by Western blotting for viral coat protein and by electron microscopy of leaf saps. CAT activities were measured in extracts of leaf discs taken before, and 21 days after, virus inoculation. On average, the systemic leaves from TMV-infected CAT-transgenic plants containing the OAS exhibited 3.2-fold less CAT activity than the equivalent leaves from CAT transgenic control plants lacking the OAS. Hence selective, OAS-dependent encapsidation of nuclear DNA transcripts into TMV-like (pseudovirus) particles can reduce expression of a particular mRNA, post-transcriptionally, in vivo. Furthermore, these data indicate that TMV self-assembly is not restricted to an exclusive subcellular compartment in vivo, and that formation of natural pseudovirions (A. Siegel, Virology 46, 50-59 (1971)) may shut off specific host RNA functions. PMID- 3165576 TI - Airway and dentofacial development and facial aesthetics. PMID- 3165577 TI - [Experiences with PAC and PEC polychemotherapy in the treatment of advanced and recurrent breast cancers]. AB - At the department of gynecology of the universities of Lubeck and Bonn 18 in part pretreated patients with advanced or relapsing cancer of the breast were treated with a DDP-containing polychemotherapy. For 14 of the 18 women the PAC or PEC regime was beneficial: 9 had complete or partial remission and 1 patient had a no change situation; 4 women showed no evidence of disease. The time of survival after the chemotherapy treatment was two month in the minimum and more than 50 month in the maximum (20 month in the average). As side effects, in particular leucocyte-depression and nausea as well as vomiting of various degrees were observed; alopecia was seen in every case. The success of DDP-containing chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer is of note, but in the future it will be important to define subgroups that would most benefit from PAC- or PEC treatment without substantial negative side effects. PMID- 3165578 TI - [Once again: the perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean section]. AB - In continuation of our clinical observations on perioperative prophylaxis by application of Halospor and Gentamicin the dosage of Halospor has been reduced to 2 grams once only. According to our experiences in 98 cases of cesarean section we can recommend these advance: fever in 12.2% (21.2% without prophylaxis), secondary wound-healing in 2% (6.7%) and therapeutical antibiotics in 13.3%, Metronidazol as often as not (36.6%). PMID- 3165580 TI - Proceedings of the 27th Scandinavian Congress of Neurology. Kuopio, Finland, June 15-18, 1988. PMID- 3165579 TI - In vitro damage of isolated DNA from two brain tumor cell lines induced by a water-soluble antitumor nitrosourea. AB - We report the DNA sites damaged by the antitumor drug, nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU), in highly reiterated DNA sequences of rat glioma cells. A reiterated fragment of 370 base pairs (bp), obtained after Hind III restriction endonuclease digestion of rat glioma C6 or 9L cells DNA, was divided into 167 and 203 bp by subsequent Hae III enzyme reaction. The reaction of end-labelled 167 and 203 bp fragments with ACNU resulted in scission breaks corresponding to the locations of guanine. Moreover, ACNU and subsequent piperidine hydrolysis produced more frequent breaks of the phosphodiester bonds at the guanine positions, thus forming alkali-labile sites. These results indicate that the preferred site of DNA strand scission induced by ACNU is at guanine positions. PMID- 3165581 TI - Primary prevention of stroke. PMID- 3165582 TI - Chronic HIV-infection in CNS--neurological manifestations. PMID- 3165583 TI - Mandibular bone resorption in patients treated with tissue-integrated prostheses and in complete-denture wearers. AB - Mandibular bone resorption was studied in patients treated with tissue-integrated prostheses (TIP) and in complete-denture wearers by distance and area measurements on cephalometric radiographs. The area measurements were performed by means of a computer. Two TIP groups with short and long periods (mean = 2.4 and 23.9 years) of edentulousness and wearing complete dentures before fixture installation were followed up over 7-8 years. Mandibular bone resorption was remarkably small behind the distally positioned fixtures in comparison with the corresponding region in complete-denture wearers. Patients with complete dentures showed a continuous resorption of the mandibular alveolar ridge over 21 years, even though there were great individual variations. The bone loss was most pronounced anteriorly and during the first 2 years after extraction of the residual teeth. It is concluded that treatment with tissue-integrated prostheses seems to reduce bone resorption in the mandible, probably owing to favorable load conditions and adequate stimulation of the bone. PMID- 3165584 TI - Bacterial agglutinins in rat salivary glands: effect of glandular stimulation and calcium dependency. AB - The secretory pattern of salivary, bacterial agglutinins was studied in the rat. The three major salivary glands were cannulated bilaterally and their secretions collected separately after parasympathomimetic and sympathetic stimulation. The bacterial aggregating activity of the secretions was tested against four strains of bacteria indigenous to the rat. Agglutinin activity was demonstrated in both parasympathomimetic and sympathetic secretions. The parotid glands tended to show the highest total output of agglutinins, with the highest titers found in parotid saliva on sympathetic stimulation. In submandibular and, particularly, parotid saliva, titers tended to increase when stimulation with pilocarpine was followed by sympathetic stimulation. In contrast, titer in sublingual saliva tended to decrease on sympathetic stimulation. When expressed as titer output per minute, sympathetic parotid secretion showed the highest agglutinin activity. Agglutinin activity appeared unrelated to total protein or to duct-derived amidolytic activity. Titers of parotid or submandibular saliva were increased 5- to 10-fold by the presence of 3.3 mM CaCl2 in the reaction mixture. By contrast, the agglutinating activity of sublingual saliva on parasympathomimetic stimulation was unaffected by extraneous CaCl2. Measurements of Ca concentration in similarly obtained rat salivary secretions did not show patterns of Ca concentration that could be related to the varying sensitivity of the agglutinating activity to Ca. PMID- 3165585 TI - Skin surface temperature over the masseter muscle in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Temperature measurements were made on the skin surface over the masseter muscle in 71 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA group) and in 52 individuals without general joint disease or symptoms (C group). The temperature recordings were performed with thermistors in contact with the skin. Symptoms in the stomatognathic system and general joint symptoms were investigated by means of a questionnaire. A clinical examination was made of the stomatognathic system. In addition, a medical examination including clinical articular indices and laboratory tests was made. The skin surface temperature over the masseter muscle was generally decreased for the individuals with RA compared with the C group but increased with duration of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms, approaching normal values. Duration was also the most important variable among those investigated in determining the skin surface temperature over the masseter muscle. Hypothermia in the RA group was correlated with craniomandibular disorders such as lateral deviation of the mandible on mouth opening and TMJ clicking, whereas individuals with a history of swelling in the TMJ region had a higher temperature than average in this group. The results of this study show that there is a correlation between craniomandibular disorders and decreased skin surface temperature over the masseter muscle in individuals with RA. PMID- 3165587 TI - Influence of pH on the suspension stability of some oral bacteria. AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the suspension stability of some oral bacteria at some clinically relevant pH levels. Through determinations of the electrophoretic mobility and sedimentation behavior at pH 5, 6, and 7, it was shown that within this pH range estimations of both the zeta-potentials and colloidal stability were pH-dependent for the bacteria and bacterial suspensions tested. The observations are in line with the DLVO theory for lyophobic sols and indicate that bacteria behave like colloidal particles when suspended in certain media. The colloidal behavior further seemed to vary in relation to bacterial species and strains. PMID- 3165586 TI - A macroscopic study of the effect of oxygen on the growth of the rat mandible and femur in vivo. AB - The effect of oxygen on the growth of the mandible was studied in 40 Long Evans/Turku rats. Pregnant rats were exposed to increased oxygen tension for 16 days from 7 to 23 days of gestation. After parturition the young rats were kept under normal laboratory conditions until the age of 50 days and then killed for macroscopic examination. Fifteen rats were exposed to increased oxygen tension from 15 to 50 days postnatally and then killed. The control animals were kept under normal laboratory conditions throughout. A prenatal increase in oxygen tension had no marked effects on the dimensions of the mandible at the age of 50 days, although the height of the mandible was increased when the dimensions were corrected for body weight. A postnatal increase in oxygen tension reduced the length of the mandible but increased its height. Although low oxygen tension has been thought to favor cartilage formation, and although function is considered necessary for the growth of the mandibular condyle, it seems that the latter process is stimulated by increased oxygen tension and reduced by loading. PMID- 3165588 TI - Synergistic antibacterial effects of copper and hexetidine against Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus sanguis. AB - The aim of this study was to determine whether a combination of copper and hexetidine had a synergistic antibacterial effect against Streptococcus sobrinus OMZ 176 and S. sanguis 10556. Concentration ranges of the test agents alone and in combination were prepared by serial dilutions in microtiter trays with brain heart infusion (BHI) broth as the bacterial growth medium. After incubation at 37 degrees C for 24 h, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), corresponding to the lowest concentration showing no visible growth, was determined. Evaluated by the fractional inhibitory concentration index, a strong synergistic effect ranging from 0.39 to 0.40 was observed. A similar effect was also demonstrated by growth curves, which were constructed on the basis of growth in BHI broth with addition of MIC/4 of each agent alone or MIC/8 of each agent in combination. A probable explanation for these findings is that the surface-active hexetidine molecule alters the bacterial cell surfaces and thereby enables an increased amount of copper to be transported into the cell. PMID- 3165590 TI - Epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in Edmonton. PMID- 3165591 TI - Design and field methods of the Edmonton survey of psychiatric disorders. AB - This paper describes aspects of the study design and field methods used in a survey of psychiatric disorders carried out in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Between January 1983 and May 1986, information was gathered on 3,258 community residents using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and the General Health Questionnaire - 30 item version. The survey had a response rate of 71.6%. The nature of the sampling strategy used, features of the study instruments chosen, the selection and training of interviewers, and the approach to data analysis are briefly described. PMID- 3165592 TI - Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Edmonton. AB - 3,258 randomly selected adult household residents of Edmonton were interviewed by trained lay interviewers using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). Lifetime prevalence for 16 DIS/DSM III diagnoses are given. Overall 33.8% of the population had one or more diagnoses and, excluding substance use disorders, one fifth of the population had a diagnosis. The most common lifetime diagnosis was alcohol abuse/dependence, followed by phobia and major depressive episode. Men were more likely to have had substance use disorders and antisocial personality disorder and women more likely to have had major depressive episode, dysthymia, agoraphobia and simple phobia. Those who were married had generally lower lifetime prevalences. Those over age 65 had the lowest prevalence of any age groups. PMID- 3165593 TI - Period prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Edmonton. AB - 3,258 randomly selected adult household residents of Edmonton were interviewed by trained lay interviewers using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). Six-month prevalence figures for DIS/DSM III diagnoses are given, and selected figures for the one-month and one-year prevalence, and the one-year symptom-free rates. The six-month prevalence for any diagnosis is 17.1%, comparable to findings from other population studies using DSM III derived diagnoses, but lower than studies using the PSE. The prevalence rates for most disorders tended to be lowest in the elderly, but this was not as marked as the drop in lifetime prevalence. Men had higher prevalence for substance use disorders than women, but women had higher rates for affective disorders and anxiety/somatoform disorders. Prevalences for all disorders were either similar or lower in those who were married or living as though married, than in those who were not cohabiting. One-year symptom-free rates were highest for those with substance use disorders and lowest for those with anxiety/somatoform disorders - largely due to the persistence of phobias. PMID- 3165589 TI - In vivo tarnish of alternative alloys. AB - The in vivo tarnishing of two low-gold alloys, two silver-palladium alloys, and one type-3 alloy in two different structural states was investigated after 4, 8, and 16 weeks. The alloy specimens were placed in 10 mandibular complete dentures by using carriers that enabled removal of the specimens from the dentures to facilitate the evaluation. By means of four different tarnish indices the present study showed that the annealing of the low-gold alloys and the two silver palladium alloys resulted in a reduction of tarnish, but this was not the case with the high-gold alloy. Least tarnishing was seen in annealed specimens from the silver-palladium alloys and the as-cast specimens of the high-gold alloy. PMID- 3165594 TI - Age of onset of psychiatric disorders. AB - Age of onset of psychiatric disorders was determined from a random sample of 3,258 household residents who were administered the DIS by trained lay interviewers. Onset was determined by the subject's recall of the age of the first symptom in those who met lifetime criteria for a diagnosis (DSM III without exclusions). The peak age of risk for most disorders was from the teens to 30 years, however a number of schizophrenics showed first symptoms before age 10. Few cases of any disorder had an onset in old age. The ages of onset are generally lower than those usually given from series of treated or hospitalized cases. PMID- 3165595 TI - Morbidity risk of psychiatric disorders. AB - Lifetime morbidity risks and percentiles of the age of onset distribution are given for a series of psychiatric disorders based on data collected as part of a community survey in Edmonton, Canada. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) was used to gather information from 3,258 community residents between January 1983 and May 1986. Using a recently developed method of estimating morbidity risks from survey data, the lifetime morbidity risks for depression (male 16.4%, female 22.3%), schizophrenia (male 1.2%, female, 1.0%), and other disorders were calculated. These results are consistent with previously published reports. PMID- 3165596 TI - Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the elderly in Edmonton. AB - Prevalence rates (six month and lifetime) for a random sample (N = 358) of the elderly living at home, are compared to the rates for a sample (N = 3,258) of the whole adult population of Edmonton and found to be generally lower in the elderly, except for cognitive impairment. These household resident results are similar to those reported from the United States using similar methods. A sample (N = 199) of the elderly living in institutions was found to have a very high overall prevalence of illness, mostly consisting of cognitive impairment (69%). It is estimated that over half of all cases of cognitive impairment live in institutions. This has considerable implications for the programs in institutions for the elderly, and also the need for institutions in the future, unless alternate means of care can be developed. PMID- 3165597 TI - Suicide attempts and psychiatric disorders in Edmonton. AB - The relationship between lifetime histories of attempting suicide, psychiatric disorders and other social problems was assessed by examining data from a random sample of 3,258 household residents of Edmonton who were administered the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) and the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) by trained lay interviewers. While the overall lifetime rate for suicide attempt was 3.6%, of particular interest was the finding that a lifetime history of a psychiatric disorder was 2.6 times more frequent in those who had made a suicide attempt than in those who had not. Alcoholism, major depressive episode and antisocial personality disorder carried the highest lifetime prevalence rates for male attempters, whereas major depressive episode, alcoholism and phobic disorder were the most common disorders in female attempters. Having thoughts and feelings about wanting to die and committing suicide were strongly associated with having made a suicide attempt in both males and females. GHQ results indicated that in comparison to nonattempters those who attempted suicide were most likely to have high current symptom levels. PMID- 3165598 TI - Psychiatric disorders and unemployment in Edmonton. AB - Significant relationships were found between unemployment in the last five years and a lifetime history of psychiatric disorder. These results are based on interviews of 3,258 randomly selected non-institutionalized adult residents of Edmonton, conducted by trained lay interviewers using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) and the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ, 30-item). Having a lifetime history of a psychiatric disorder increased the odds of being unemployed 2.8 times. Disorders carrying the highest risk for unemployment were anorexia, antisocial personality disorder, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders. GHQ results indicated that those experiencing periods of unemployment are also likely to have higher current symptom and stress levels than those who are employed. PMID- 3165599 TI - Effect of histamine and prostaglandin E2 on the microcirculation in the skin. AB - The response of the cutaneous microvasculature to two vasoactive mediators, histamine and prostaglandin E2, was measured by laser Doppler velocimetry. Four concentrations of histamine (1.01 to 65.1 X 10(-5) M, in fourfold dilutions) were injected intradermally into the forearms of six healthy subjects: Prostaglandin E2 (1.77 to 114.0 X 10(-8) M, also in fourfold dilutions) was injected several weeks later. The blood flow at the injection site was measured by laser Doppler velocimetry at five minute intervals until the response resolved. Both mediators produced hyperaemia with markedly accelerated cutaneous blood flow. Analysis of the dose response data showed that, for a given mediator, the differences in responses between subjects were not substantial and, in particular, that the kinetics of the decay of hyperaemia did not vary significantly between subjects. The response to histamine differed from that to Prostaglandin E2 in terms of time to maximum response, duration of maximum response and coefficient of decay. PMID- 3165600 TI - Glycogen storage capacity and de novo lipogenesis during massive carbohydrate overfeeding in man. AB - The metabolic balance method was performed on three men to investigate the fate of large excesses of carbohydrate. Glycogen stores, which were first depleted by diet (3 d, 8.35 +/- 0.27 MJ [1994 +/- 65 kcal] decreasing to 5.70 +/- 1.03 MJ [1361 +/- 247 kcal], 15% protein, 75% fat, 10% carbohydrate) and exercise, were repleted during 7 d carbohydrate overfeeding (11% protein, 3% fat, and 86% carbohydrate) providing 15.25 +/- 1.10 MJ (3642 +/- 263 kcal) on the first day, increasing progressively to 20.64 +/- 1.30 MJ (4930 +/- 311 kcal) on the last day of overfeeding. Glycogen depletion was again accomplished with 2 d of carbohydrate restriction (2.52 MJ/d [602 kcal/d], 85% protein, and 15% fat). Glycogen storage capacity in man is approximately 15 g/kg body weight and can accommodate a gain of approximately 500 g before net lipid synthesis contributes to increasing body fat mass. When the glycogen stores are saturated, massive intakes of carbohydrate are disposed of by high carbohydrate-oxidation rates and substantial de novo lipid synthesis (150 g lipid/d using approximately 475 g CHO/d) without postabsorptive hyperglycemia. PMID- 3165602 TI - Increased risks of soft tissue sarcoma, malignant lymphoma, and acute myeloid leukemia in abattoir workers. AB - This paper presents a review and further analysis of a series of New Zealand case control studies which have found elevated risks for soft tissue sarcoma (STS), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in abattoir workers. The first published study involved 82 cases of STS (ICD 171) and found a relative risk of 2.8 (90% confidence interval 1.3-6.3). Interviews with an additional 51 cases reported here revealed a relative risk of 1.6 (90% confidence interval 0.9-3.0). Two further studies involved interviews with 100 cases of the category of NHL involving lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma (ICD 200) and 83 cases of other NHL (ICD 202). Relative risk estimates were 1.8 (90% confidence interval 1.1-2.9) and 1.7 (90% confidence interval 1.0-2.8), respectively. A study of 150 cases of AML (ICD 205.0) found a relative risk of 2.5 for abattoir workers (90% confidence interval 1.3-4.7). Finally, a United States cohort study found a standardized mortality ratio of 2.4 (90% confidence interval 0.8-5.4) for Hodgkin's disease (ICD 201) and 2.2 (90% confidence interval 0.8-4.5) for cancer of other lymphatic tissue (ICD 202, 203, 208) among abattoir workers. Abattoir workers are potentially exposed to oncogenic viruses, including bovine leukemia virus. Some workers may also be exposed to the animal carcinogen 2,4,6 trichlorophenol when treating pelts. PMID- 3165601 TI - Busulfan-induced sideroblastic anemia. AB - Patients in the stable phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) are usually treated with busulfan. The bone marrow of patients with CML may be exquisitely sensitive to busulfan, and occasionally such patients develop pancytopenia, secondary to hypoplasia or aplasia of the bone marrow, which is presumed to be due to busulfan-induced marrow toxicity. We report a case of Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML who developed pancytopenia while being treated with busulfan; however, the patient's bone marrow was not hypoplastic or aplastic but rather hyperplastic with sideroblastic changes. Busulfan is not known to cause sideroblastic changes, so this was considered to herald a transformation into acute leukemia. Busulfan was stopped, and only supportive treatment was given. To our surprise approximately 22 weeks after busulfan was stopped, the sideroblastic changes had disappeared and the bone marrow again showed features of CML. This case suggests that busulfan may cause sideroblastic anemia. PMID- 3165603 TI - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of zidovudine in humans. AB - The basic pharmacokinetic and bioavailability information on zidovudine was obtained during the initial phase I study. Following intravenous doses of 1.0 mg/kg every eight hours to 7.5 mg/kg every four hours, zidovudine plasma levels decay in a biexponential manner, indicating two-compartment pharmacokinetics. The mean half-life was 1.1 hours over this dose range and the total body clearance was approximately 1,900 ml/minute/70 kg, up to doses of 5 mg/kg. At 7.5 mg/kg, total body clearance decreased by 35 percent. The 5'-O-glucuronide was identified as a major metabolite of zidovudine in plasma and urine. This inactive metabolite is rapidly formed and cleared from plasma, with a half-life of one hour. No other metabolites have been found in humans. Renal clearance of zidovudine was estimated at 350 ml/minute/70 kg. Zidovudine penetrated the blood brain barrier as indicated by a cerebrospinal fluid:plasma ratio averaging 0.5, determined two to four hours after dosing. Following oral administration of zidovudine at doses from 2.0 mg/kg every eight hours to 10 mg/kg every four hours, peak plasma levels increased proportionately with dose; the average bioavailability was 65 percent. Since 90 percent of the drug was recovered in the urine as zidovudine or the 5'-O glucuronide, the incomplete bioavailability is assumed to be the result of first pass metabolism rather than incomplete absorption. Pharmacokinetic questions related to optimal use of the drug are currently being addressed. PMID- 3165604 TI - Zidovudine therapy in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Eight children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), aged four months to 12 years, were treated with zidovudine (azidothymidine) 100 mg/m2 intravenously every six hours for 14 days, followed by oral zidovudine at the same dose for a total of six months. Of the eight, six were infected at birth and two were contaminated by blood transfusion at ages eight and nine years, respectively; seven of the eight showed specific neurologic impairment consisting of encephalopathy (six children) and myelopathy (one child). In two children, a dramatic improvement of clinical status occurred, including neurologic progress in one; in three, the improvement was dissociate or transient and in the other three, no modification was observed. A marked increase of total lymphocyte and CD4(+) cell counts occurred in four children but was transient without modification of in vitro antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation; p24 human immunodeficiency virus serum antigens were detected in seven of eight children, then transiently disappeared in all children during intravenous therapy but reappeared progressively during the oral regimen in all but one. Progressive modification of human immunodeficiency virus serology was noted in five children, mainly characterized by the finding of anti-core antibodies. The hematologic toxicity of zidovudine was comparable with that observed in adults. These preliminary results support the need for further studies in order to delineate the optimal regimen of zidovudine in children with AIDS. PMID- 3165605 TI - Ocular effects of hard gas-permeable-lens extended wear. AB - Thirty-five myopic subjects were fitted with rigid gas-permeable lenses for 6 months of extended wear (EW). These lenses had an average oxygen transmissibility of 37 x 10(-9) (cm x ml x O2)/(s x ml x mm Hg). For six monthly morning visits subjects reported with one eye patched; corneal thickness, corneal curvature, refractive error, endothelial photomicroscopy, and slitlamp examinations were done on both eyes. The average morning corneal swelling was 5.9 +/- 3.3%. Corneal curvature showed 0.24 +/- 0.44 D flattening in the steep meridian and 0.20 D steepening in the flat meridian. Spectacle refraction and corrected visual acuity changes were small in the spherical and cylindrical components. Complications that were important clinically included 10% lens adherence syndrome, 20% superficial limbal keratitis, 6.5% epithelial microcysts, and some increase in endothelial polymegathism. No infections, red eye responses, or infiltrative keratitis were observed during the 6-month follow-up period. These results suggest that hard-lens EW is feasible and that lenses with this Dk/L value will meet oxygen requirements for many patients; however, some patients will require lenses of higher oxygen transmissibility to avoid undesirable complications. PMID- 3165606 TI - [Percutaneous cervical chordotomy in primary or secondary chest cancer pains (Apropos of 19 cases)]. PMID- 3165607 TI - An unusual ventilator valve failure. PMID- 3165609 TI - [Cutaneous localizations of a Fusarium oxysporum septicemia in a patient with bone marrow aplasia]. PMID- 3165608 TI - Mycobacterium avium complex infection presenting as endobronchial lesions in immunosuppressed patients. AB - Infections caused by Mycobacterium avium in relatively immunocompetent hosts usually occur with isolated pulmonary involvement. Patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) more commonly have disseminated disease. Endobronchial masses, however, have not been described with M. avium complex infections in normal or compromised hosts. We describe the cases of two patients with AIDS, both receiving zidovudine therapy, who presented with endobronchial obstruction and hilar adenopathy. Results of radiographic and endobronchial examination of these lesions suggested malignancy. Histologic and microbiologic tests, however, showed M. avium, and the lesions responded remarkably to mechanical debridement and antimycobacterial therapy. PMID- 3165610 TI - [Decrease of the levels of PgE2 and alkaline gastritis after gastrectomy by the Billroth II technic (gastrojejunal anastomosis)]. PMID- 3165611 TI - Post-antibiotic effect in Bacteroides fragilis group. AB - Post-antibiotic effect (PAE) is the transient suppression of bacterial growth after brief antimicrobial exposure. While numerous reports have described PAE with aerobic and facultative microorganisms, virtually no studies have been conducted with anaerobic isolates. Intraabdominal isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group were exposed for one hour to antibiotic (cefoxitin, cefotetan, and imipenem) concentrations two to four times the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Post-antibiotic effect was described as the difference between the time required for microbial growth in the test versus the control to increase one Log10 above the quantitation observed immediately after drug removal. Bacteroides fragilis, B. ovatus, B. thetaiotaomicron and B. vulgatus exhibit PAEs for all test compounds. The time intervals for the PAEs were strain variable and ranged from six to 50 hours. No PAE was demonstrated with B. distasonis strains by the broth dilution technique. The results suggest that brief high dose exposure of some members of the B. fragilis group to anaerobe active beta-lactams produces a prolonged suppression in growth. In theory, a prolonged PAE could influence the dosage regimentation of selective antibiotics. PMID- 3165612 TI - Spinocerebellar ataxia: variable age of onset and linkage to human leukocyte antigen in a large kindred. AB - We studied a seven-generation kindred with autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) to assess linkage relationships to multiple human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci on the short arm of chromosome 6. Age at onset, clinical features, and course of the disease are described. Although the mean age of onset was 34 years in this family, in 6 of 41 affected individuals onset was below 15 years of age and was accompanied by the unique clinical features of mental retardation and rapid progression of disease. Linkage studies were performed on 93 individuals, and the results show strong evidence for linkage of the SCA locus to the HLA loci. A maximum logarithm of the odds score of 5.83 was found at a recombination fraction of 0.12. This is the first documentation of childhood onset in the HLA linked form of SCA. PMID- 3165613 TI - Characteristics of Mongoloid populations based on the human immunoglobulin allotypes. AB - Since the discovery of Gm ab3st haplotype which characterizes Mongoloid populations in 1966, the distribution of the genetic markers of immunoglobulins (Gm) among the Mongoloid populations scattered from Southeast Asia through East Asia to South America has been investigated and concluded as follows: 1) Mongoloid populations characterized by the four Gm haplotypes, ag, axg, ab3st and afb 1b3 are divided into two groups on the basis of analysis of genetic distances based on the Gm haplotype frequencies: one is a southern group characterized by a remarkably high frequency of Gm afb 1b3 and a low frequency of Gm ag and the other is a northern group characterized by a high frequency of Gm a and an extremely low frequency of Gm afb 1b3. 2) Populations in China, mainly Han including minority nationalities, show remarkable heterogeneities from north to south, in sharp contrast to Korean and Japanese populations showing homogeneities, respectively. The center of dispersion of the Gm afb 1b3 characterizing southern Mongoloids must exist in Guangxi and Yunnan area in the southwest China. 3) The Gm ab3st gene found in the highest incidence among the north Baikal Buriats flows in all directions. The gene, however, shows precipitous drop which occur from mainland China to Southeast Asia and from North to South-America, although the Gm ab3st gene is still found in high incidences among Eskimos, Yakuts, Tibetans, Olunchuns, Koreans, Japanese and Ainus. On the other hand, the gene is introduced into Huis, Uighurs, Indians, Iranians and far Hungarians.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3165614 TI - Relation between serum levels of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and their immunohistochemical identification in benign and malignant gynecological disease. AB - We studied immunohistochemical stains for TPA and CA125 in patients with benign and malignant gynecologic diseases. The results were as follows: (1) CA125 was not found in ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma but was demonstrated immunohistochemically in 82% of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinomas and 83% of Krukenberg's tumors. (2) TPA was demonstrated in 65% of ovarian serous and 75% of ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, and in 58% of endometrial carcinomas. (3) TPA was found in all trophoblastic tumors examined, while CA125 was found in none. Eighty-three percent of patients with trophoblastic diseases had raised serum TPA levels. (4) When serum CA125 levels were raised CA125 was demonstrated immunohistochemically in 71% of patients with ovarian serous cystadenocarcinomas, 67% of patients with Krukenberg's tumors and 100% of patients with tubal carcinomas. (5) Despite elevated serum levels, CA125 and TPA were not identified by immunohistochemistry in 64% cases of benign ovarian disease and in 80% of patients with uterine myomata. (6) It would seem that CA125 was more easily released from tumor cells than TPA. PMID- 3165615 TI - [Acute kidney failure caused by hyperphosphoremia in tumor lysis]. AB - We report the cases of two children presenting with tumor lysis syndrome responsible for major hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia and acute renal failure and treated by hemodialysis. Twenty similar cases have been reported in the literature. Hyperphosphatemia responsible for hypocalcemia and renal failure occurs within 24 to 48 hours after the onset of chemotherapy, is maximal on the 2nd or 3rd day and is, on the average, of 7 days duration. Short-term functional renal prognosis is good but long-term studies are lacking. The usual preventive measures are not always sufficient to prevent these accidents. A dialysis is appropriate when phosphatemia rises rapidly and exceeds 5 mmol/l, when the creatinine plasma level exceeds 200 mumol/l and kaliemia 6 mmol/l and when hyperphosphatemia is associated with severe clinical signs. PMID- 3165616 TI - The implementation of a problem-oriented treatment plan. PMID- 3165617 TI - Orthopantomographic survey of edentulous patients of different age groups in Malaysia. PMID- 3165618 TI - A method for calibrating non-screen radiographic film. PMID- 3165619 TI - A survey of the gingival health of Indo-Chinese child refugees. Part I. PMID- 3165621 TI - Infection control: aspect of concern. PMID- 3165620 TI - Composil amalgam alloy. PMID- 3165622 TI - A survey of dental radiography. PMID- 3165623 TI - Urinary fluoride levels in pre-school children in relation to the use of fluoride toothpaste. PMID- 3165624 TI - Periosteum: its role in the healing of dento-alveolar surgical wounds and the effect of mental nerve section on mandibular periosteal new bone. PMID- 3165625 TI - Pulpal integrity of anterior teeth treated with composite resins. A long-term clinical evaluation. PMID- 3165626 TI - A maxillary buccal tip. PMID- 3165627 TI - A 3-dimensional digitizer using spherical co-ordinates. PMID- 3165628 TI - Certification and acceptance programmes. PMID- 3165629 TI - Are dental faculties in Australia under threat? PMID- 3165630 TI - Current note no. 67. Dental installations of medical gas units. PMID- 3165631 TI - X-ray equipment used by general dental practitioners in Australia. PMID- 3165632 TI - A survey of the gingival health of Indo-Chinese child refugees. Part II. PMID- 3165633 TI - Central nervous system prophylaxis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: CT brain appearance after 3 years continuous complete remission in 36 Malaysian children. PMID- 3165635 TI - Reliable screening anti HIV with a new ultrasensitive ELISA procedure. AB - Based on the competitive principle a new enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the reliable detection of Anti HIV. By introducing a sequential competitive procedure a detection limit of Anti HIV was achieved, which exceeded Western blot analysis by factor 8 to 16 as measured with dilutions of 14 well characterized sera. The relevance of this ultrasensitive feature could be demonstrated by a sensitivity value of 100% as evaluated by testing a total of 218 confirmed Anti HIV positive sera as well as by clear cut positive results obtained with 3 specimens derived from early stages of HIV infection. Among a total of 1571 Anti HIV negative blood donations only 1 specimen turned out to be repeatable positive without staining of virus specific bands in Western blot. 117 potentially false positive reacting specimens, which tend to show false positive or ambiguous results in commercial ELISAs were all found negative with the ultrasensitive research assay. An interference of rheumatoid factors could not be demonstrated. The new research assay described in this study appears to represent a technique which combines all advantages of the competitive principle, namely excellent specificity and ease of handling and in addition shows a sensitivity, which significantly stands out against current assays and even confirmatory testing with Western blot. PMID- 3165636 TI - [Report of experiences in the treatment of osteosarcomas]. PMID- 3165634 TI - Rodorubicin, a new tetraglycosidic anthracycline. AB - Rodorubicin is a new tetraglycosidic anthracycline, which was detected because of its activity against human tumors in a human tumor based screening system. Rodorubicin is not active in the typical animal transplantation tumors and might therefore be a new leading structure with preferential activity against slow proliferating human tumors. In spite the fact that Rodorubicin is a chemical anthracycline, the drug has an untypical spectrum of activity and toxicity when compared to standard anthracyclines. The drug is not toxic to bone marrow in animals or humans, however, the dose limiting toxicity is delayed nephrotoxicity in all species, starting with proteinuria and finally clearance reduction. Rodorubicin might be an interesting new candidate for further clinical evaluation and is the first drug being developed clinically in spite its inactivity in animal transplantation tumor systems. PMID- 3165638 TI - Calibration of a flow cytometer against a microphotometer for morphologic cell identification. AB - The calibration of a flow cytometer against a microphotometer, to allow the correlation of cell morphology with fluorescence intensity, is described. Using three human lymphoblastoid cell lines, the photomultiplier amplification of the microphotometer and the flow cytometer that gave optimum linearity between fluorescence intensity and DNA content for the two instruments was established. Thereafter, at these settings, there was satisfactory linear agreement between the fluorescence intensity profiles, as measured by the flow cytometer and the microphotometer, of stained cell populations. Day-to-day variation was also minimal, and it was demonstrated that the application of this procedure can provide an alternative to the employment of the sorting facility of a flow cytometer for the morphologic identification of cell subpopulations during flow cytometric analysis. PMID- 3165637 TI - The elastogenic effect of recombinant transforming growth factor-beta on porcine aortic smooth muscle cells. AB - Transforming growth factor-beta, a peptide growth factor, is known to be a multifunctional regulator of cellular activity. The effect of this growth factor on extracellular matrix formation is well established, but its effects on elastin, a critical component of lung, skin, and blood vessels are unknown. In the present study, by use of an Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay method, we found that transforming growth factor-beta strongly increased elastin production in cultured porcine aortic smooth muscle cells. In a dosage-dependent study, 1.0-10.0 ng/ml transforming growth factor-beta promoted elastin production 2-3 fold. In a time dependent study, at least an 8 h pre-treatment with 10.0 ng/ml transforming growth factor-beta was required for sustained increases in elastin production. The effects of transforming growth factor-beta on cultured aortic smooth muscle cells suggest that this cytokine may be an important mediator of elastin formation during atherosclerosis and hypertension. PMID- 3165639 TI - Studies of anthracycline--DNA complexes by circular dichroism. AB - A series of doxorubicin and daunorubicin analogues have been investigated in aqueous solution and as DNA-bound forms by means of circular dichroism (c.d.) spectroscopy. The structural variants comprise modifications on the amino sugar, on the aliphatic ring and the side chain of the aglycone moiety, and of the substitution pattern of the anthraquinone chromophore. Results with compounds having conformational constraints interfering with optimal fitting to DNA indicate that stereochemistry and conformation of the aliphatic ring predominantly affect c.d. spectra of anthracyclines in DNA-bound as well as in free form. Conformational correspondence with the known structure of the daunorubicin-oligonucleotide complex is inferred from the spectra of derivatives with modifications at position 6 or 11 in the anthraquinone chromophore. On the other hand, a different binding geometry is postulated for compounds either lacking the 4-methoxy group of daunorubicin (idarubicin and derivatives) or having a phenolic function in its place (carminomycin and derivatives). A possible relation with cytotoxic activity is discussed at a speculative level. PMID- 3165640 TI - Action of antituberculous and beta-lactam drugs (including imipenem) against extra- and intra-cellularly growing Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. AB - The extracellular and intracellular activities of 4 antituberculous drugs (rifampicin, streptomycin, ansamycin and kanamycin) and 7 beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillin G, amoxycillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin and imipenem) were determined against the bacteria of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). The extracellular activities were determined against 14 strains by the broth-dilution method, whereas the intracellular activities were determined against type strain ATCC 15769 multiplying actively inside murine J-774 macrophages. Six of the beta-lactam drugs (except the beta-lactamase-stable drug imipenem) were also used in association with the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid. Our results showed that the screening of MAC strains against beta-lactams may be useful, and that correlation of usual in vitro minimal inhibitory concentrations with the intracellular activities of the same drugs against pathogenic mycobacteria, whenever feasible, would be the method of choice to designate the therapeutic protocols against these intracellular pathogens. PMID- 3165641 TI - Activity of five fluoroquinolones against Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex and M. xenopi. PMID- 3165642 TI - BDA annual conference. Presidential address. PMID- 3165643 TI - The use of glass polyalkenoate (ionomer) cements in the deciduous dentition. PMID- 3165644 TI - An assessment of the validity of the WHO periodontal probe for use with the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs. PMID- 3165645 TI - Film fault artefact mimicking a periapical radiolucency. PMID- 3165646 TI - A case of exfoliative cheilitis. PMID- 3165648 TI - John Forrest. Interview by Colin Davis. PMID- 3165647 TI - Russia: inside impressions. PMID- 3165649 TI - Applying for a post. Part 1: The letter of application and the curriculum vitae. PMID- 3165650 TI - Birmingham Dental School--a centre for research. PMID- 3165651 TI - 'Oral surgery specialisation in general practice'. PMID- 3165652 TI - 'Has occlusal caries become more difficult to diagnose?'. PMID- 3165654 TI - Report of the Dental Review Working Party. PMID- 3165653 TI - 'Ask my nurse!'. PMID- 3165655 TI - 'Has occlusal caries become more difficult to diagnose?'. PMID- 3165656 TI - More support for fluoridation. PMID- 3165657 TI - 'Oral surgery specialisation in general practice'. PMID- 3165658 TI - What is a sealant restoration? PMID- 3165659 TI - Recall strategies reported to be used by general dental practitioners in Scotland. PMID- 3165660 TI - The use of pit and fissure sealants in the General Dental Service in Great Britain and Northern Ireland. PMID- 3165661 TI - Pulpal response to a glass-ionomer luting cement. PMID- 3165662 TI - Third molar eruption in a 12-year-old girl. PMID- 3165663 TI - Applying for a post. Part 2: The interview. PMID- 3165664 TI - Dentistry with dim sum. PMID- 3165666 TI - Effect of isotretinoin on eccrine gland function. AB - Sweat secretion rate, stimulated by iontophoresis of pilocarpine, was measured before and during treatment with isotretinoin in 20 patients. Sweat secretion was increased during treatment in 15 patients (75%), but the mean increase of 15% was not statistically significant (P = 0.085, paired t-test; 95% confidence limits 0.2% to +30%) and no patients had a clinically apparent alteration of sweating. We conclude that there is no important change in stimulated sweating associated with isotretinoin therapy. PMID- 3165667 TI - Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome: treatment with isotretinoin. AB - A patient with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome is described. Recurrent cutaneous staphylococcal abscesses were a prominent feature and had been resistant to treatment with antibiotics and surgical drainage. Following a 4-month course of treatment with isotretinoin, he developed no further abscesses over a 6-month follow-up period. Detailed immunological investigations were undertaken before and after treatment and no change was found to account for his improvement. We consider that the beneficial effects of isotretinoin in this situation are likely to be due to a reduction in sebaceous gland size and activity, rather than to any effect on the underlying disorder. PMID- 3165665 TI - Near neighbour analysis of variant cell lines derived from the promyeloid cell line HL60. AB - The human promyeloid cell line H60 can be induced to differentiate towards either neutrophils or monocytes. Variant cell lines, derived from HL60, which show reduced capacities for neutrophil and monocyte differentiation can be arranged in a developmental sequence which suggests that the potentials for neutrophil and monocyte differentiation are expressed sequentially by HL60 cells in this order. Analysis of the patterns of total cellular phosphoproteins within HL60 and 5 variant cell lines, by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, has identified 6 distinct phosphoproteins which show progressive differences in the intensity of spots between the variant lines. The changes in these phosphoproteins relate to the position of the lines within the proposed development sequence. Similarly, lines placed close together in the sequence are more similar, as regards phosphoprotein profiles, than lines placed far apart. These studies provide direct evidence in favour of the hypothesis that the potentials for neutrophil and monocyte differentiation are expressed sequentially during myelopoiesis. Furthermore, two phosphoprotein spots were found to be restricted to lines able to differentiate towards monocytes. These proteins may play important roles during commitment to monocyte differentiation. PMID- 3165668 TI - Immunocytochemical evaluation of the percentage of proliferating cells in pathological bone marrow and peripheral blood samples with the Ki-67 and anti bromo-deoxyuridine monoclonal antibodies. AB - The monoclonal antibody Ki-67, directed against a nuclear antigen expressed by dividing cells in all the phases of cell cycle except G0 and early G1, was used in combination with an anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody, reacting selectively with cells in S-phase, for assessing the percentage of proliferating cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from patients with lymphoma, leukaemia and multiple myeloma. Immunocytochemical labelling of proliferating cells was performed on marrow frozen sections and/or cytospins using an immunoalkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique that made it possible to obtain proliferative index measurements in a few hours in contrast to the 3-7 d needed with tritiated thymidine. In the 54 marrow lymphoma cases studied a highly significant correlation was observed between the proportion of Ki-67 (+) cells and the separation into low- and high-grade malignant lymphomas according to the Kiel classification. In patients with multiple myeloma at the first diagnosis, the percentage of Ki-67 (+) cells was low (6-10%). In contrast, a high percentage of Ki-67 (+) cells (40-50%) was observed in a young adult with multiple myeloma, in a patient who first presented at the clinical observation with an extradural mass and in three patients who developed extramedullary masses several years after the initial diagnosis of myeloma. In acute lymphoblastic leukaemias of common type the mean value of Ki-67 labelling was 31.3%. Because of their simplicity and rapidity, immunocytochemical techniques may be expected to replace autoradiography and flow cytometry for the detection of proliferating cells in haematological samples. PMID- 3165669 TI - Trisomy 11 in nonlymphocytic neoplasia. PMID- 3165671 TI - Prospective confirmation of a prognostic classification for Ph+ chronic myeloid leukaemia. The Italian Cooperative Study Group on Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia. AB - In 1984, Sokal et al described a prognostic model for Ph+ chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), based on retrospective analysis of data from six series of patients in the United States and Europe. In the same year, a prospective study of prognosis was started by the Italian Cooperative Study Group on CML. The first analysis of the prospective study is based on 508 Ph+, non-blastic, non transplanted patients registered between January 1984 and December 1986. Application of the hazard ratio formula described in 1984 to this prospective series has shown that the model predicts accurately the frequency and the time distribution of blastic transformation and death during the first 2 years after diagnosis. These results confirm the earlier conclusion that prognostic discrimination is possible at the time of diagnosis of CML, and indicate that the model described in 1984 can prove useful in evaluation and management of this disease. PMID- 3165670 TI - Cytogenetic and molecular analyses in Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 3165672 TI - Acute leukaemia with t(4;11) in patients previously exposed to carcinogens. AB - We report three cases of acute leukaemia with t(4;11) (q21;q23), one of them of undifferentiated and the other two of lymphoid phenotype, occurring after adjuvant radiochemotherapy for breast cancer (two cases) or occupational exposure to radiation (one case). Although the myeloid phenotype and characteristic chromosomal anomalies usually observed in secondary leukaemia were lacking, our observations raise the possibility of causal relationship between exposure to carcinogens and the occurrence of a leukaemia with t(4;11). PMID- 3165673 TI - Interaction of acidic isoferritins with human promyelocytic HL60 cells. AB - We have used undifferentiated human promyelocytic HL60 cells to study the binding of radioiodinated human ferritin in vitro. Specific binding of human heart ferritin could be demonstrated at 37 degrees C, whereas no binding of liver ferritin could be found. The uptake of labelled heart ferritin was abolished by incubation at 4 degrees C, by prior treatment of the HL60 cells with pronase and by the addition of human plasma to the medium. On the other hand, the addition of excess unlabelled human liver or rat liver ferritin had no effect on the uptake of labelled human heart ferritin. Dissociation studies showed that about 55% of the bound heart ferritin radioactivity could be released by incubation with medium alone and at least 90% with excess unlabelled heart ferritin. Over 70% of the dissociated ferritin could be precipitated with polyclonal anti-ferritin serum or trichloroacetic acid. More than two-thirds of the radioactivity which could not be released after washing in medium alone was recovered in the soluble intracellular fraction following cell lysis. Almost all of the soluble radioactivity could be precipitated with the polyclonal antiserum, indicating that very little lysosomal degradation of internalized heart ferritin had occurred. The present studies demonstrate a protein-mediated binding mechanism for acidic isoferritins on HL60 cells. These observations agree with published evidence that ferritin is often associated with cell membranes and are consistent with a possible role for the protein in the regulation of haematopoiesis or in iron transfer. PMID- 3165674 TI - Ph1 chromosome positive acute myelomonocytic leukaemia with inverted chromosome 16. PMID- 3165675 TI - Myelodysplastic relapse of de novo acute myeloid leukaemia with trilineage myelodysplasia. PMID- 3165677 TI - Bovine placental prostaglandin synthesis: principal cell synthesis as modulated by the binucleate cell. AB - Bovine placentomes were collected during late gestation, prepartum, and immediately postpartum. Postpartum tissues were collected prior to fetal placental release. A procedure for separating fetal placental principal cells from fetal binucleate cells (BNC) was developed. Dispersed fetal placental cells (mixed types), principal cells, and BNC were each examined for their ability to produce prostaglandins (PGs) from arachidonic acid (AA) and to metabolize prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) in vitro. Dispersed fetal placental cells obtained prepartum produced predominantly PGs of the E series (PGEs) from AA (p less than 0.05). PGE synthesis predominated (p less than .05) in cells from postpartum tissue if the fetal placental membranes were subsequently retained, whereas synthesis of PGs of the F series (PGFs) predominated (p less than 0.05) if the fetal membranes were subsequently released. Principal cells were the primary source of fetal placental PG synthesis from AA (p less than 0.05). BNC exhibited a lesser ability to synthesize PGs from AA (p less than 0.05), but were able to convert PGF2 alpha to PGE2. Dispersed fetal placental cells exhibited greater ability to convert PGF2 alpha to PGE2 (p less than 0.05) than did the separated cells. These data suggest the function of a two-cell system within the fetal villi such that the BNC modulate the output of principal cell PG synthesis and/or metabolism. PMID- 3165676 TI - The differential functional stability of various forms of bovine liver rhodanese. AB - Bovine liver rhodanese (thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferase, EC 2.8.1.1) was prepared in dilute solutions and subjected to conditions that led to a time dependent loss of enzyme activity. The rate of this activity loss was found to be dependent upon the sulfur substitution state of the enzyme, and the presence or absence of the substrates, thiosulfate and cyanide. In the absence of excess substrates, free enzyme (E), and the covalent intermediate form of the enzyme bearing a divalent sulfur atom in the active site (ES), are of approximately equal functional stability. In comparison, E, in the presence of excess cyanide, was markedly more labile, while ES, supported by 10-50 mM thiosulfate, showed no significant loss of activity under any of the conditions tested. All the enzyme solutions were shown to be losing assayable protein from solution. However, it was demonstrated that, for rhodanese in the E form, the amount of protein lost was insufficient to account for the activity lost, and a marked decline in specific activity was observed. Enzyme in the ES form, whether supported by additional thiosulfate or not, did not decline in the specific activity, though comparable protein loss did occur from these solutions. Intrinsic fluorescence measurements of rhodanese in the ES form, before and after removal of the persulfide sulfur through the addition of cyanide, indicated that loss of enzymic activity was not accompanied by loss of the bound sulfur atom. Therefore, the stabilizing effect observed with thiosulfate could not be explained simply by its ability to maintain enzyme in the sulfur-substituted state. Since the concentration of thiosulfate employed in these experiments was insufficient to maintain all the enzyme in ES.S2O3 form, thiosulfate was acting as a chemical reagent rather than a substrate in stabilizing enzyme activity. PMID- 3165678 TI - AIDS prevention--a strategy. AB - Even if we could prevent more infections with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) today, we know from the numbers of "well" seropositive people in the world that a sharp rise in the number of AIDS patients and deaths is inevitable in the coming years. This article describes how one London Health Region (population 3.5 million) intends to prevent the further spread of the disease. It includes guidance to health authorities on where to care for people who need hospital treatment, the role of out-patient services, the need for screening and means of developing better care outside hospital. It examines the implications for haemophiliacs and for intravenous drug users and highlights the importance of sound, effective health education for health service staff and for the population as a whole. PMID- 3165679 TI - The importance of granulocyte elastase in haematological diagnosis. AB - PMN elastase is a useful additional parameter in the differential diagnosis of the leukaemias. In all patients with myelocytic leukaemias there were elevated levels of elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (E-alpha 1PI), while in the lymphatic leukaemias complexed elastase levels were decreased. The highest values were found in the peripheral blood plasma and bone marrow plasma of patients with CML. Despite high E-alpha 1PI concentrations there were no signs of bleeding or consumption of plasmatic coagulation factors. In AML a wide range of E-alpha 1PI levels was observed, extending from slightly elevated to four hundred-fold increased. In myeloblastic leukaemias without maturation (FAB M 1) the concentrations of complexed elastase remained below 150 ng/ml. In myeloblastic leukaemias with maturation (FAB M2) the E-alpha 1PI values ranged between 214 ng/ml and 850 ng/ml (means = 402 +/- 69), and in myelo-monoblastic leukaemias (FAB M4) between 450 ng/ml and 720 ng/ml (means = 663 +/- 72). The only case of promyelocytic leukaemia (FAB M 3) exhibited an extremely high value of 4,550 ng/ml, while a monocytic leukaemia (FAB M5) showed an extremely low value of 5 ng/ml. During cytostatic therapy there was a rapid decrease in levels of complexed elastase, with E-alpha 1PI values returning to normal in remission. In recidivating cases there was an increase of E-alpha 1PI levels in AML and a decrease in ALL. There was a correlation between the E-alpha 1PI concentrations in peripheral plasma and leukaemic bone marrow infiltration, so providing a good basis for monitoring remission from leukaemia and indicating relapse. It was also interesting to observe an extremely low E-alpha 1PI level (5 ng/ml) in patients with myelodysplasia. Under Decortin/Plenastril therapy the concentration rose to 50 ng/ml. An E-alpha 1PI level of 10 ng per ml was observed in one case of Ranitidine agranulocytosis. Under corticoid therapy the value returned to normal within eight days. PMID- 3165680 TI - Day-6 bone marrow aspirate for the prediction of response to remission induction therapy for acute myelogenous leukaemia. AB - Seventy-two adults were treated for acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). Forty-two had previously untreated AML and 30 had AML after a preleukaemic phase, refractory AML or relapsed AML. The previously untreated patients received a 7 day course of cytosine arabinoside (100 or 200 mg/m2 daily), daunorubicin and vincristine while the remaining patients received a 7-day course of cytosine arabinoside (1 g/m2 q 12h for 6 days) and amsacrine (on day 7). The percentage of malignant cells and the reduction in the percentage of malignant cells were determined by means of bone marrow aspirates taken on day 6 of the chemotherapy course and at the time of diagnosis. Both variables correlated significantly with the ultimate treatment outcome; the reduction in the percentage of malignant cells correlated even more significantly than the absolute percentage malignant cells in the day-6 bone marrow. By means of multiple regression analysis it became possible to calculate the probability of achieving complete remission for the individual patient; this is given by the equation: probability = 1.9-0.009X (% malignant cell reduction). In addition, the mean percentage of malignant cells in the day-6 bone marrow was significantly higher for patients who failed to achieve than those who entered complete remission. Eighty-six per cent of the patients with less than 20% malignant cells on day 6 entered remission, while 75% of the patients with more than 21% malignant cells failed to achieve complete remission (p less than 0.001). Although all of these calculations support the predictive value of the day-6 bone marrow aspirate, the 95% confidence intervals are too large to allow reliable and safe predictions; therefore more patients must be studied to demonstrate the reliability of this test. PMID- 3165681 TI - Studies of purine and tiazofurin metabolism in drug sensitive human chronic myelogenous leukemia K 562 cells. AB - Antineoplastic activity of tiazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosylthiazole-4 carboxamide) is mediated by an anabolite of the drug thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), an analog of NAD which inhibits IMP dehydrogenase activity resulting in the depletion of guanylate pools and cell death. Human chronic myelogenous leukemia K 562 cells were found to be sensitive to tiazofurin with an IC50 of 19.2 microM. TAD content in K 562 cells (1.3 nmol/10(9)/h) was in the range found in susceptible murine and human tumor cells. Studies were conducted to relate tiazofurin toxicity with biochemical effects by examining nucleotide pools. Among the nucleotides, only guanylate pools were significantly depleted by the drug. To further study the effect of the drug on the purine nucleotide de novo and salvage biosynthetic pathways, flux of radiolabelled formate and guanine was employed. The results showed that de novo synthesis of guanylates was curtailed primarily by the drug's action without influencing adenylate biosynthesis or salvage of guanine to guanylates. These studies show that K 562 cells are sensitive to selective inhibition of de novo guanylate pathway indicating that human chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis might be a good candidate for Phase II clinical trials with tiazofurin. PMID- 3165682 TI - Genetic markers in Sjogren's syndrome: the question of its genetic heterogeneity. AB - Genetic factors may be implicated in the causation of Sjogren's syndrome (SS) as shown by familial clustering of the disease and certain HLA associations. Non-HLA genetic markers in SS have not previously been studied in detail. In this study of 122 unrelated patients with various categories of SS and 104 control subjects, 29 genetic markers were studied (11 blood groups, 5 serum proteins and 13 red cell enzymes). Almost all systems showed a considerable range of gene frequency among the various subgroups of patients with SS but only a few attained statistical significance (C3 and GPT). Multivariate (kinship) analysis, however, showed clear distinction between the subgroups of SS, suggesting that they are genetically distinct entities. PMID- 3165683 TI - Incidence of symptoms and AIDS in 146 Swedish haemophiliacs and blood transfusion recipients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. AB - The times from infection with the human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) to the onset of the first clinical symptom and the development of AIDS were studied prospectively in 98 haemophiliacs and 48 blood transfusion recipients infected with the virus. Patients were followed up for a median of 61 months after infection, the dates of infection being either known exactly or estimated from the interval between the last negative and first positive HIV antibody test result. The rate of progression to AIDS was significantly higher for the transfusion recipients than for the haemophiliacs. The difference in time to the occurrence of the first clinical symptom was less pronounced between the two groups, though pointing in the same direction. The results suggest that on average roughly half of all patients positive for HIV will develop some clinical sign or symptom within five to six years after infection. PMID- 3165684 TI - Spinal cord transections in fetal rats. Open intrauterine surgery with low mortality. AB - Open myelotomies were performed in rat fetuses in stages E15-E19 with a microsurgical technique. To prevent oligohydramnios, considered to be one of the main causes of death associated with fetal surgery, amniotic fluid loss was reduced as much as possible. With this technique a reduction of the mortality rate to 38% was reached in 75 consecutive fetuses. PMID- 3165686 TI - Hepatitis B immune globulin and human immunodeficiency virus antibody. PMID- 3165685 TI - Temporal disparity in pineal and retinal ontogeny. AB - The development of photoreceptors and two putative neurotransmitter systems in the pineal organ and retina was studied during embryogenesis in the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. The investigation was performed by aid of immunocytochemistry using well characterized antisera to the retinal proteins alpha-transducin (TD alpha) and S-antigen (SA) (photoreceptor-markers), antisera against L-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), choline-O-acetyltransferase (ChAT) and with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry (neurotransmitter-markers). It was possible to set up the following developmental time-table concerning the first appearance of positive immuno- and enzyme-reactive cells in the pineal organ and retina: I AChE-activity and TD alpha- and SA-immunoreactive cells in the pineal organ; II GAD- and GABA immunoreactive cells in the pineal organ and retina; ChAT immunoreactivity and AChE activity in the retina; III hatching; IV SA-immunoreactive cells in the retina. The obtained results provide good evidence that while photoreceptor cells develop much earlier in the pineal organ than in the retina, neurons develop simultaneously in the pineal organ and retina. PMID- 3165687 TI - Safety of immune globulin preparations. PMID- 3165688 TI - Erythremic [corrected] myelosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Two patients who had both B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and dyserythropoiesis are described. One patient (Case 2) had both CLL and dyserythropoiesis. Erythrodysplasia developed in the other patient (Case 1) after treatment for CLL with alkylating agents and 2'-deoxycoformycin. The management of these patients and the possible mechanisms responsible for the development of dyserythropoiesis in CLL are discussed. PMID- 3165689 TI - Osteosarcoma and the role of fine-needle aspiration. A study of 51 cases. AB - Fifty-one patients were evaluated by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) as part of the diagnosis, staging, and management of osteosarcoma. All patients had histologic confirmation of osteosarcoma. Five patients underwent two aspirations each; thus, the total number of aspirates reviewed was 56. Aspirations were performed by interventional radiologists using fluoroscopic guidance. The cytologic features of osteosarcoma were divided into five groups: (1) pleomorphic (malignant fibrous histiocytoma-like); (2) epithelioid; (3) chondroblastic; (4) small cell; and (5) mixed. Although osteoid-like material was seen, it could not be distinguished readily from dense collagen. The chondroid matrix of chondroblastic osteosarcoma was recognized as a granular film with scattered clear bubbles. Fine-needle aspiration was diagnostic of sarcoma in 45 of 56 aspirates (80.4%). In eight aspirates, the cellularity of the smears was insufficient for diagnosis due to extensively osteoblastic tumors (six), necrotic tumor (one), and undetermined causes (one). In three aspirates, failure was attributed to poor cellular preservation due to unknown factors. The authors conclude that FNA is a useful tool in the multidisciplinary diagnosis and management of osteosarcoma. Aspirates should only be evaluated with full knowledge of the clinical and radiographic findings. The most significant limitation of FNA is the inability to detect osteoid. PMID- 3165690 TI - Analysis of DNA from cells fixed in Carnoy's solution for cytogenetic study. AB - DNA for Southern blot analysis was obtained from cells fixed in Carnoy's solution for cytogenetic investigation. DNA samples were extracted from fixed cells obtained from Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia patients and shown to have aberrant fragments hybridized with a bcr probe; no apparent degradation was noted. This method should be useful for detection of molecular changes in cells fixed for chromosome analysis. PMID- 3165691 TI - Nature of distamycin A-inducible fragile sites. AB - Five rare distamycin A-inducible fragile sites have been identified on human chromosomes: fra(8)(q24.1), fra(11)(p15.1), fra(16)(p12.1), fra(16)(q22), and fra(17)(p12). All of these fragile sites are located at the junction of Giemsa positive (G) and negative (R) bands and their expression can be induced by a variety of AT specific DNA ligands. Analysis of family data indicate that the distamycin A-inducible fragile sites segregate as a simple codominant trait with complete penetrance, and probands receive these fragile site genes equally from mothers and fathers. Based on current knowledge of chromosome instability, the nature of distamycin A-inducible fragile sites is discussed. Distamycin A inducible fragile sites appear to be unique chromosomal regions particularly susceptible to fragility under certain stress conditions. They may also be hot spots for recombination, gene amplification, and integration of foreign genomes. PMID- 3165693 TI - An interstitial deletion of chromosome 7 may characterize a subgroup of uterine leiomyoma. PMID- 3165692 TI - Association of breakpoint 14q23 with uterine leiomyoma. AB - A chromosomal study of short-term cultured tumor cells from a benign uterine leiomyoma showed a clonal insertion, dir ins(14;6)(q23;p23p25) as a unique change. This finding supports the hypothesis of a specific association of the breakpoint 14q23 with uterine leiomyoma. PMID- 3165694 TI - Trisomy 7 in a case of angiomyolipoma. PMID- 3165695 TI - Identical chromosome 1p breakpoint abnormality in both the tumor and the constitutional karyotype of a patient with neuroblastoma. AB - A 4-year-old boy with a stage III abdominal neuroblastoma was studied. Direct chromosome preparation revealed a t(1;?)(p36;?) in three tumor metaphases (one with a chromosome number of 64). After partial resection of the tumor and further tumor shrinkage by intensive combination chemotherapy, the residual tumor mass was removed by a "second-look" operation, and the patient received postoperative radiotherapy to the tumor area. Chromosome analysis from the peripheral blood taken at that time showed tetraploidy in 14% and hypodiploidy in 66% of 50 available metaphases. Structural abnormalities, mainly involving the distal short arm of chromosome 1, could be identified in seven metaphases. A t(1;?)(p36;?) in a diploid blood cell looked identical to the translocation found in the hyperdiploid tumor metaphase. A del(1)(p36) was also found in a blood cell. It is suggested that an association exists between a chromosome fragility at 1p36, in this case postoperatively induced in vivo by chemoradiotherapy, and the development of neuroblastoma. PMID- 3165696 TI - Complex chromosome rearrangements in an extraabdominal desmoid tumor. AB - Cytogenetic studies of an extraabdominal desmoid tumor revealed karyotypic abnormalities in 20 of 50 analyzed metaphases, with no less than 13 clonal marker chromosomes, 11 of which could be at least partially identified. The hypodiploid stemline karyotype was interpreted as: 43-45,XX,-1,-1, + der(1)(?::1p36--- 1q21::?) + der(1)t(1;?)(p11;?), + der(1) (1pter----1p31::1p11----1cen--- 1q32::?),- 3,del(3)(p12), + der(3)t[del(3)(p12);?](q25;?), + der(6) t(6;?)(q15;?),-8,-9,-9,-10, + der(10)t(10;?)(p13;?),-12, + der(12)(?::12q14--- 12q23::?), -13, -13,-15,-19,dic(21;22)(p13;q13),-21, + der(21)t(21;?)(p13;?),-22, + der(22)t(22;?)(q13;?), + 1-3mar/46,XX. This finding of clonal chromosome rearrangements strongly suggests that extraabdominal desmoid tumor is a neoplastic disease. PMID- 3165697 TI - Identification of marker chromosomes in a human medulloblastoma cell line (D283 Med). AB - The human medulloblastoma cell line, D283 Med, appears to be cytogenetically stable even after passage 121. Stem line number was determined to be 46, with intact X and Y chromosomes. The cell line is characterized by the presence of four marker chromosomes (M1 to M4). PMID- 3165698 TI - A case of chronic myelocytic leukemia with five Philadelphia chromosomes. PMID- 3165699 TI - Ph-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia with a 5q-chromosome abnormality terminating in erythroblastic crisis. PMID- 3165701 TI - Ring chromosome 6 and i(17q-) in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Absence of translocation t(15;17). PMID- 3165700 TI - Translocation t(8;16) in acute monocytic leukemia. AB - A report is given of three new cases of acute monocytic leukemia, FAB M5a, with a t(8;16)(p11;p13). Two cases showed a marked erythrophagocytosis, including one with phagocytosis of normoblasts and granulocytes. Phagocytosis was absent in the third case. The t(8;16) was the only abnormality in two cases, whereas one case showed clonal evolution with partial trisomy 1q and a deletion of part of the short arms of chromosomes 1 and 3. Treatment results and survival were poor in all cases. A complete remission was achieved in two patients, which lasted only for 3 and 6 months, respectively. In one of these cases a central nervous system relapse occurred. Survival was short, lasting between 1 and 9 months. One patient succumbed to interstitial pneumonitis, a complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation without evidence for relapsing leukemia. PMID- 3165702 TI - Translocation t(1;22) in congenital acute megakaryocytic leukemia. AB - Acquired chromosomal abnormalities have been reported in 80 patients with congenital acute leukemia, the commonest being t(4;11). We report here a case of acute megakaryocytic leukemia with a rare translocation of t(1;22)(p13.3;q13.3). The course of the disease was short, with the patient surviving less than a year after the initial diagnosis. PMID- 3165703 TI - Trisomy 4 in a case of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (M2). AB - Trisomy 4 in a Japanese patient with type M2 acute nonlymphocytic leukemia is reported. Karyotypic analysis was unsuccessful at diagnosis and complete remission lasted 4 years. The cytogenetic change was detected in the first and second relapses as the only chromosome abnormality. Unusual nuclear irregularities were found in many leukemic cells. PMID- 3165704 TI - An identical t(Y;1)(q12;q21) in two patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. AB - Two male patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, one with refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB), the other with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia both had in their bone marrow and peripheral blood cells the same abnormal karyotype 46,X,-Y, + der (Y)t(Y;1)(q12;q21). This abnormality produced trisomy for the 1q21-1qter region of chromosome 1. In addition to the t(Y;1), the patient with RAEB had a del(20)(q11) abnormality in separate CFU-GM and BFUe progenitor cell populations. The t(Y;1) clone of this patient underwent chromosomal evolution with the acquisition of trisomies for chromosomes 2, 6, 8, and 9. Cytogenetic analysis of serial peripheral blood samples showed that the t(Y;1) clone and its derivatives gradually replaced that with the 20q- abnormality. Metaphase cells trisomic for chromosomes 2, 6, 8, and 9 were found predominantly in the CFU-GM population and only rarely in BFUe colonies, suggesting that chromosomal evolution was largely confined to the granulocytic lineage. PMID- 3165705 TI - Adaptation of the rapid automated tetrazolium dye based (MTT) assay for chemosensitivity testing in childhood leukemia. AB - The reduction of the tetrazolium salt MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) to a blue-black formazan product by living but not by dead cells can be used to measure chemosensitivity of tumor cells. The main advantages of the MTT assay are its simplicity, rapidity, and the fact that the results are read automatically with a microplate spectrophotometer. Several reports on the use of the MTT assay in chemosensitivity testing have been published, but all these studies dealt with established cell lines and not with specimens obtained directly from patients. Here we present a study in which the MTT assay has been adapted to assess the effect of antineoplastic drugs on lymphoblasts of children with leukemia. PMID- 3165706 TI - Response of primary human lung carcinomas to autocrine growth factors produced by a lung carcinoma cell line. AB - Medium conditioned for 48 to 72 h by A549-1 lung carcinoma cells was used to culture primary solid lung tumors on feeder layers of inactivated Swiss 3T3 cells. Of 22 cases placed into culture, primary cultures of carcinoma cells were obtained in 20. Subcultures were obtained in 18 cases, and cell lines were established in nine cases. The neoplastic origin of the cultured cells was demonstrated by several criteria: tumorigenicity in athymic mice; anchorage independent growth; expression of altered lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme profiles; and expression of the lung tumor marker pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1. The epithelial nature of cultured carcinoma cells was demonstrated by expression of keratin. These characteristics were compared to normal epithelial cells established in culture from bronchial explants from the same donors as tumor tissue, or other donors. The growth-stimulating effect of conditioned medium toward primary or newly cultured tumor cells was quantitated by clonal assays in soft agar and in monolayer culture. Growth response in clonal assays of newly cultured carcinoma cells to the purified growth factors transforming growth factor alpha and insulin-like growth factor 1, two known components of medium conditioned by A549-1 cells, was also demonstrated. PMID- 3165707 TI - Immunoreactive alpha transforming growth factor activity in effusions from cancer patients as a marker of tumor burden and patient prognosis. AB - alpha Transforming growth factors (alpha-TGFs) are polypeptides that stimulate anchorage-independent growth of various nontransformed cells in vitro and are believed to be involved in autocrine stimulation of tumor cells. alpha-TGF activity is secreted by a variety of human cancers leading to the possibility that it may serve as a tumor marker. alpha-TGF activity was measured in 130 effusions from patients with various types of cancer with a radioimmunoassay using sheep antibodies against the C-terminal 17 amino acids of linear rat alpha TGF. Forty-two % of the effusions contained immunoreactive alpha transforming growth factor (Ir-alpha-TGF) activity, including 13 of 34 (38%) breast cancer, 12 of 24 (50%) lung cancer, and 13 of 31 (42%) ovarian cancer specimens. Concentrations ranged from 1.56 to 50 ng/ml. Only 3 of 17 control effusions from noncancer patients had low levels of activity, all less than 2 ng/ml. The presence of Ir-alpha-TGF activity correlated with patients' performance status (PS) and tumor burden. It was present in 18 of 67 (27%) effusions of patients with PS less than or equal to 2 and in 23 of 33 (70%) with PS 3 or 4 (P less than 0.0001). Only 2 of 43 (4%) patients with one site of metastatic disease had detectable Ir-alpha-TGF (mean, 0.23 ng/ml); 18 of 37 (48%) with two sites (mean, 5.22 ng/ml, P less than 0.0001); and 33 of 34 (97%) with greater than two sites (mean, 5.93 ng/ml, P = 0.002). It was present in a larger percentage of effusions from breast cancer patients with estrogen- and progesterone receptor-negative tumors. Univariate analysis revealed that detectable Ir-alpha-TGF activity, PS 3 or 4, and the number of sites of disease correlated with a shorter survival. Only Ir-alpha-TGF and PS 3 or 4 retained significance in a multivariate analysis. In conclusion, Ir-alpha-TGF is frequently detectable in effusions from cancer patients, it correlates with other known adverse prognostic factors, and its presence predicts for a poor survival. Further studies of alpha-TGF activity in more readily accessible body fluids such as serum or urine are warranted. PMID- 3165708 TI - Phase I clinical trial of orally administered 4-demethoxydaunorubicin (idarubicin) with pharmacokinetic and in vitro drug sensitivity testing in children with refractory leukemia. AB - Fifteen children with acute leukemia in relapse, refractory to conventional therapy, were treated with idarubicin administered orally for 3 consecutive days in dosages ranging from 30 to 50 mg/m2 per day at 19- to 21-day intervals. Gastrointestinal complications, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and stomatitis, were the major forms of dose-limiting toxicity, affecting the majority of patients at all levels of idarubicin dosage. Two patients who had received total-body irradiation for bone marrow transplantation developed life-threatening gastrointestinal toxicity suggestive of a radiation "recall" phenomenon. Echocardiographic evidence of depressed cardiac function, without clinical symptoms or signs, was noted in six of 11 patients, although the changes were judged to be significant in only one child. The maximal tolerated oral dose of idarubicin was 40 mg/m2 per day. The medium terminal plasma half life of idarubicin was 9.2 h (range, 6.4-25.5 h). Both idarubicin and its metabolite, idarubicinol, accumulated during the 3 days of therapy. Among the five patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia whose cells were tested for drug sensitivity in vitro, the idarubicin concentration resulting in 50% inhibition (IC50) of cluster and colony formation ranged from 1.6 x 10(-10) M to 5 x 10(-7) M. There was no obvious relationship between the IC50 for idarubicin and that for epirubicin or daunorubicin. Oral idarubicin produced definite antileukemic effects, clearing blast cells from the circulation in 13 of the 14 evaluable patients. Future studies should define an optimal dose schedule to circumvent the limiting gastrointestinal complications associated with this agent. PMID- 3165709 TI - Increased permeability of enamel to iodide ions following the ingestion of cookies varying in sucrose or fat content. AB - Experiments showed that the intraoral iodide permeability (Ip) method can be used in a reproducible and sensitive manner with solid foods. Ingestion of 5-gram portions of cookies made with defined concentrations of sucrose or fat led to an increased Ip (due to demineralization) of Streptococcus mutans-covered bovine enamel blocks in vivo. Demineralization increased with time to a maximum of 45 min, and the pH of the plaque dropped accordingly. Continued exposure in the mouth beyond 45 min led to an elevation of the pH and a decrease in delta Ip consistent with remineralization of the enamel. Control blocks worn without ingestion of cookies exhibited negative delta Ip values. Demineralization increased with increasing sucrose content of the cookies and reached a plateau when cookies containing 1.08 g sucrose per morsel were administered. Cookies prepared without added sucrose gave a high delta Ip. High fat content raised the delta Ip when sucrose was low. These findings are consistent with clinical and other observations, and emphasize the complex relation between foods and enamel demineralization. PMID- 3165710 TI - The effect of X-ray irradiation on the demineralization of bovine dental enamel. A constant composition study. AB - In this study the effect of X-ray irradiation on demineralization of bovine dental enamel in vitro was investigated. Enamel specimens were irradiated with 72 Gy and subsequently demineralized (140 h) under reproducible constant composition conditions at pH = 5 in the presence of methylhydroxydiphosphonate (MHDP). Microhardness measurements after demineralization without MHDP showed significant differences (p less than 0.001) between irradiated and nonirradiated enamel specimens; no significant differences were found in the presence of MHDP. Quantitative microradiography showed that both mineral loss and lesion depth were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) for the irradiated enamel specimens compared with the nonirradiated ones. Surface layer formation was observed in irradiated enamel demineralized in a solution without MHDP. It was shown that X ray irradiation decreased the enamel acid solubility in vitro. PMID- 3165711 TI - Demineralization potential of different concentrations of gelatinized wheat starch. AB - Six subjects wore intraoral devices carrying bovine enamel blocks covered with a layer of Streptococcus mutans. They swished solutions of 5% glucose or maltose, or sols or gels of 3, 5, 10, 15, or 20% gelatinized wheat starch in the mouth for 3 X 1 min. Demineralization was measured after 45 min by determining the change in iodide permeability (delta Ip) of the enamel. Spittings of the administered materials and samples of saliva, taken at intervals during the test, were analyzed for maltose, and the time of clearance was calculated. Demineralization was greatest for glucose followed by maltose, the starch gels, and the sols. The latter gave close to zero scores. The salivary clearance time increased with increase in concentration of the starch. Although the starch was hydrolyzed rapidly in the mouth, its oral retentiveness was greater than that of the maltose rinse. Demineralization was closely correlated with the final pH of the S. mutans cell layer. The data indicate that the starch in baked or cooked foods may have a significant demineralization potential and that it enhances oral retentiveness. PMID- 3165712 TI - A method to assay fluoride in foods, beverages, and diets. AB - Foods and beverages containing sugars, frequently consumed as snacks between meals, contribute to dental caries in different proportions depending on a number of intrinsic factors, including carbohydrate content, textural properties, and mineral composition, such as calcium, phosphate, and fluoride concentration. A method to assay fluoride in foods and beverages is described which involves [1] an acid hydrolysis at 110 degrees C in a closed vial with a valve for dispensing reagents and [2] estimation of total acid-hydrolyzed fluoride using a specific ion electrode. A number of foods, beverages, and diets were analyzed for acid hydrolyzable and free fluoride. The simplicity of the method eliminates fluoride contamination, making the procedure accurate and reproducible in determining fluoride in foods and beverages. PMID- 3165713 TI - Glycogen synthetic and degradative activities by Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii of root surface caries and noncaries sites. AB - The relative glycogen synthetic and degradative activities of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii, freshly isolated from root surface caries and noncaries sites, were compared. The glycogen synthetic activity was measured by incubating glucose-(or sucrose-)grown resting cells with 100 mM glucose (or sucrose) and U-[14C]-glucose (or U-[14C]-sucrose) on a pH-stat maintained at 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0 for 1 h under anaerobic conditions. For the glycogen degradation assays, after the 1-hour incubation period, the cells were reincubated under similar conditions, but in the absence of external carbon sources. Carbohydrate utilization and total acid formation were also monitored. Both the glucose- and sucrose-grown cells of A. viscosus and A. naeslundii strains originating from root surface caries lesions synthesized approximately twice as much glycogen as the strains of noncaries origin. Although there were significant differences in the rates of glycogen synthesis, the rates of glycogen degradation were essentially the same for the Actinomyces strains from both caries and noncaries sites. However, the time required for glycogen degradation by the strains from caries sites was much longer. This study suggests that the abilities of A. viscosus and A. naeslundii originating from root surface caries lesions to synthesize large amounts of glycogen and to degrade this stored polymer slowly under conditions of starvation, particularly in an acidic environment, may be one of the factors contributing to the cariogenic potential of these organisms in root surface caries. PMID- 3165714 TI - Antibacterial action of powdered semiconductor on a serotype g Streptococcus mutans (short communication). PMID- 3165715 TI - Effect of fluoridated sucrose on rat caries. AB - The present study was designed to test the effect of frequent pulses of low fluoride levels on rat caries when supplied in a standardized cariogenic rat diet containing 67% sucrose (MIT-200). The test diets were variants of Diet MIT-200 in which the sucrose component had been fluoridated with NaF solution resulting in total concentrations of 0 (control), 2, 3, 5, 10, or 20 ppm fluoride in the final diets. Rats received one of the test lots 17 times daily in a programmed feeding machine beginning at age 22 days, and were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans at age 23, 24, and 25 days. After 5 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and their mandibular molars scored for number and severity of sulcal, buccolingual, and proximal caries. Frequent daily pulses of as little as 2 ppm fluoride in dietary sucrose were effective in significantly (p less than 0.01) reducing buccolingual rat caries. PMID- 3165716 TI - Cariogenicity of frequent aspartame and sorbitol rinsing in laboratory rats. AB - The cariogenicity of frequent rinsings with aspartame and sorbitol was studied in the rat caries model with animals randomly assigned to four oral rinse groups (16 rats/group): 0.05% aspartame, 20% sorbitol, deionized distilled water, and 20% sucrose; all solutions at pH 3.0. After rinsing five times daily for 21 days, mandibular molars were scored for caries. Smooth surface, proximal and morsal caries scores did not differ significantly between groups. Moderate dentinal sulcal caries for the sucrose group was significantly greater than in the aspartame, sorbitol, and water groups (p less than 0.05). Rinsing with 0.05% aspartame (similar in pH and concentration to that found in carbonated beverages) or sorbitol did not potentiate caries activity. PMID- 3165717 TI - Cariogenicity of traditional African foodstuffs (maize, beans, sorghum, brown bread) on rat caries. AB - The cariogenicity of the following traditional African foods was tested in a rat model system: cooked maize and beans, cooked maize and spinach, uncooked and cooked sorghum, both plus 20% sucrose and brown bread, as well as a control (wheat starch plus 50% sucrose). Plaque extent was low in all the test groups and caries incidence was almost zero in all groups except for the cooked wheat starch and 50% sucrose group. Comparison to earlier results suggests a possible cariostatic effect of sorghum but not for the other traditional foods. PMID- 3165718 TI - Effects of cheese, breadcrumbs, and a breadcrumb and cheese mixture on microhardness of bovine dental enamel in intraoral experiments. AB - In previous telemetric and animal experiments, cheese has been shown to be a food of low acidogenic and cariogenic potential. In vivo intraoral tests were carried out to confirm the low cariogenic potential of this substrate in humans and to explore the enamel-softening effects of toasted breadcrumbs and those of a mixture of breadcrumbs and cheese. The results confirmed the cariostatic nature of cheese and established a considerable enamel-softening effect of toasted breadcrumbs. A mixture of breadcrumbs and cheese failed to show a statistically significant difference to breadcrumbs despite a substantially lower mean value for the breadcrumbs and cheese mixture. PMID- 3165719 TI - The effect of regular professional plaque removal on dental caries in vivo. A polarized light and scanning electron microscope study. AB - This study aims to describe the histological and ultrastructural enamel reactions to regular disturbance/removal of dental plaque, using an in vivo caries model. Fourteen young volunteers undergoing orthodontic treatment participated in the study. To create local protected areas, orthodontic bands with a buccal space were placed in homologous pairs of premolars. One tooth in each pair served as control and had the band cemented for the entire test period of 5 weeks. The other band was removed weekly and the buccal surface cleaned, either by careful pumicing with a nonfluoride toothpaste, or by simple cleaning with a cotton pellet. Results indicated that 5 weeks with completely undisturbed plaque accumulation resulted in visible enamel demineralization in all 14 individuals, whilst a weekly performed professional plaque removal was able to prevent lesion progress independent of the cleaning procedure. It is therefore concluded that regular mechanical disturbance of dental plaque is able to suppress bacterial activity and hence caries development. PMID- 3165720 TI - Oxytocin in Leydig cells: an immunocytochemical study of Percoll-purified cells from rat testes. AB - Testicular interstitial cells, from rats aged 35 days, were dispersed with collagenase and separated through Percoll into 5 fractions (I-V); fraction I being the least dense. Measurement of basal testosterone production, histo enzymological staining for 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and electron microscopy indicated that the majority of Leydig cells were found in fraction IV (corresponding to a density of 1.076-1.097 g/ml). In addition, cells from this fraction responded to hCG treatment in a dose-dependent manner on day 0 and remained responsive after being cultured for 1 day. Immunostaining for oxytocin indicated that this fraction also contained the majority of the oxytocin immunoreactive cells. On day 1 of culture, 56% of the cell population from fraction IV were positively stained for the steroidogenic enzyme and 75% immunoreactive for oxytocin. This overlap indicates that the Leydig cells were also the oxytocin immunoreactive cells. PMID- 3165721 TI - Synthesis of 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3 cephem-4- carboxylic acid (ceftizoxime), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic. I. An improved method for the preparation of 7-amino-3-methylene- and 7-amino-3-hydroxycepham-4-carboxylic acid. PMID- 3165722 TI - Pyridonecarboxylic acids as antibacterial agents. XII. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of enoxacin analogues with a variant at position 1. PMID- 3165723 TI - [Prevention and cure by traditional Chinese medicine, of the side-effects caused by radio-chemotherapy fo cancer patients]. PMID- 3165724 TI - Correction of altered plasma membrane potentials. A possible mechanism of cyclosporin A and verapamil reversal of pleiotropic drug resistance in neoplasia. AB - We have recently shown that cyclosporin A (CsA) reverses pleiotropic drug resistance in human acute lymphatic leukemia in vitro and daunorubicin resistance in Ehrlich ascites tumor in vivo. In the present study we examined the mechanisms by which CsA might reverse pleiotropic drug resistance relative to changes in cellular plasma membrane potentials and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). Membrane potentials were measured with DIOC5 dye flow-cytometrically and [Ca2+]i levels with Quin 2 dye spectrofluorimetrically. All pleiotropic (PDR) drug-resistant tumor sublines had decreased membrane potentials (membrane depolarized) compared with their corresponding drug-sensitive parental tumors. In comparison, the membrane potentials of a control antimetabolite-resistant acute leukemia cell line were unchanged. The basal levels of [Ca2+]i in the PDR sublines were variable compared with those of parental drug-sensitive cell lines. Incubation of all PDR tumor sublines with CsA or verapamil resulted in the restoration of membrane potentials to that characteristic of the corresponding drug-sensitive parental tumor. Cyclosporin A produced variable changes in the levels of [Ca2+]i. These data suggest that alteration of membrane potentials is one of the mechanisms responsible for pleiotropic drug resistance in malignancy and show that this alteration is corrected by CsA and verapamil. PMID- 3165725 TI - Mitoxantrone-induced DNA damage in leukemia cells is enhanced by treatment with high-dose arabinosylcytosine. AB - In a phase II study, patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis (CML-BC) were treated with intravenous (IV) mitoxantrone (5 mg/m2 per day given over 30 min x 5 days and high-dose arabinosylcytosine (ara-C) (3 g/m2 IV q 12 h x 6). The effect of this treatment on DNA damage was studied in the leukemia cells of four patients using the alkaline elution technique modified to measure DNA in unlabeled human cells. A fluorescence assay using Hoechst 33258 dye was applied for the determination of eluted DNA. After a single infusion of mitoxantrone, neither frank nor protein-associated single-strand breaks (SSB) were observed. Even repeated treatment with mitoxantrone on 3 consecutive days did not induce significant SSB. However, after the combined sequential infusion of ara-C and mitoxantrone the DNA elution pattern changed, showing significant DNA damage. SSB remained apparent after 24 h and increased with subsequent doses of ara-C and mitoxantrone. Studies of other patients treated with ara-C alone did not reveal significant SSB (n = 5). Following mitoxantrone infusion the median peak concentrations of intracellular ara-CTP (the triphosphate of ara-C) exceeded 900 microM, a value greater than that observed in CML-BC patients receiving ara-C alone (230 microM, n = 15, P less than 0.02). The present study shows the applicability of the alkaline elution method for the assay of DNA damage in vivo. The enhanced DNA damage after combined treatment with mitoxantrone and high-dose ara-C suggests a synergistic drug effect. PMID- 3165726 TI - Elimination of leukemic cells by laser photodynamic therapy. AB - We studied the effects of 514-nm laser light-induced merocyanine 540 (MC540) mediated toxicity on both leukemic and normal bone marrow (BM) cells. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells were incubated with MC540 (20 micrograms/ml) and exposed to 93.6 J/cm2 irradiation at a 514-nm wavelength. Normal bone marrow cells were treated under similar conditions. At this dose, 99.9999% of the leukemic cells were killed while 55% of the BM cell survived. Of the granulocyte macrophage colony-forming cells (CFU-GM), 27% also survived this treatment. Photosensitization of a mixture of irradiated BM cells mixed with an equal number of nonirradiated HL-60 cell did not interfere with the killing of HL-60 cells. There was no significant reduction in the viability of cells when exposed to the laser light alone. In summary, laser light-induced photosensitization with MC540 has a selective cytotoxicity to leukemic cells; therefore, this procedure may be useful for purging neoplastic cells from autologous BM. PMID- 3165727 TI - Linkage studies of Best's macular dystrophy. AB - Genetic linkage studies are presented for nine kindreds with Best's vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD). This condition is an autosomal dominant macular dystrophy with reduced penetrance and highly variable expressivity. Asymptomatic carriers were identified with electro-oculography, fundus photographs and fluorescein angiography. Blood and saliva specimens were obtained from informative family members and genotyped for 26 polymorphic genetic traits. No firm evidence was found for linkage between BVMD and 18 informative markers; the highest positive lod score was z = 0.57 for GPT1 at a recombination fraction of theta = 0.30. An atypical form of vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD-1) is linked to GPT1 (theta less than 0.05) and is provisionally assigned to chromosome 16pter p11. Our data are not sufficient to rule out loose linkage for GPT1 and BVMD. Thus we were not able to determine whether BVMD and VMD-1 are allelic mutations or separate genetic disorders. Additional linkage and gene mapping studies of these loci and BVMD (as well as other atypical forms of macular dystrophy) would be useful to further delineate these disorders. PMID- 3165728 TI - X/Y translocation in a family with X-linked ichthyosis, chondrodysplasia punctata, and mental retardation: DNA analysis reveals deletion of the steroid sulphatase gene and translocation of its Y pseudogene. AB - We describe a family with two male members showing an X/Y translocation (karyotype: 46,Y,der(X)t(X;Y)(p22;q11]. At physical examination both patients showed ichthyosis, mental retardation and dysmorphic features. Chondrodysplasia punctata and short stature were present in one case. Direct DNA analysis, using a steroid sulphatase cDNA probe, was performed in one patient, his mother and sister, both carriers of the translocation. We found that the translocated region of the Y chromosome includes the steroid sulphatase pseudogene. These results suggest that in our patients the X/Y translocation may be derived from a recombinational event between homologous regions located on the short arm of the X chromosome and the long arm of the Y chromosome. Clinical and molecular studies on the present family add further information for the construction of a tentative physical map of the distal Xp. PMID- 3165729 TI - [Fetal rhabdomyoma. Case report]. PMID- 3165730 TI - [Diagnosis and manifestation of plasmocytomas in the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 3165731 TI - [Differential diagnosis of myxoid fibromatous tissues of the jaw-bones in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3165732 TI - [Irradiation-induced osteosarcoma of the mandible]. PMID- 3165733 TI - [Comparative studies on osteosyntheses. Bollmann/Austermann's acrylic cap splint, Becker/Machten's stable compression plate and Champy's monocortical miniplate]. PMID- 3165734 TI - [Osteonectin in tumors and tumor-like lesions of the visceral cranium]. PMID- 3165735 TI - [CEA demonstration in malignant stem cells of sarcomas and carcinomas]. PMID- 3165737 TI - [Documentation using the ADT tumor sheet. Version II]. PMID- 3165736 TI - [Complications caused by endosseous implants]. PMID- 3165738 TI - [Superficial melanomas of the oral mucosa. Two case reports]. PMID- 3165739 TI - The implantation of demineralized fracture matrix yields more new bone formation than does intact matrix. AB - The inductive capacity of demineralized/lyophilized bone matrix prepared from fractured tibia ends in rats at different intervals after fracture was compared with matrix from the opposite, intact tibia. Fracture matrix and normal matrix cut in longitudinal strips were implanted in the gluteal muscles of 47 rats and were harvested after 15, 30, and 50 days. Staining was performed with hematoxylin eosin, toluidine blue, and by monoclonal antibodies against Ia-antigen and collagen II. In comparison to the normal matrix, the fracture matrix brought about a more rapid bone formation counted as mineralization after 30 days and formation of ossicles after 30 and 50 days. Matrix from eight-day-old fracture was the most potent inductor compared to matrix from the other post-fracture intervals (one, five, and 11 days). Typical for the responding cells surrounding the implanted matrix was the abundant occurrence of cells carrying Ia-antigen. The cells penetrating the matrix formed pseudopods and could therefore be characterized as dendritic cells. The higher inductive capacity of fracture matrix might have some importance for the formation of the inductive enchondral callus in normal fracture healing. PMID- 3165740 TI - [Frequency response analysis of leg motor function in spinocerebellar degeneration]. PMID- 3165741 TI - Detection of brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein mRNA in adult patients by a human genomic probe. AB - 1. Studies on human brown adipose tissue require specific molecular probes. A human genomic library has been screened with a complementary DNA corresponding to the uncoupling protein (UCP) of rat brown adipose tissue mitochondria. 2. Two recombinant phages were isolated, carrying genomic sequences of human UCP. From them we have subcloned a 0.5 kilobase fragment. This fragment, H-Ucp-0.5, contained two intronic regions and two exonic regions. Exonic regions encoded a sequence of 84 amino acids which exhibited a strong homology with central domain at rat UCP. The organization of H-Ucp-0.5 was confirmed by SI mapping analysis. 3. A Southern analysis suggested that the gene is single type in the human, as it is in rodents. 4. In Northern analysis experiments, H-Ucp-0.5 detected a specific 1.8 kb mRNA in human brown adipose tissue obtained from six patients with phaeochromocytoma and from one patient with a hibernoma. This molecular probe is a new, sensitive and reliable tool with which to study human brown adipocytes. PMID- 3165742 TI - Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and primary Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Although associations of Sjogren's syndrome (SS) with malignant affections are well known, an association with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is infrequent. Our report concerns an 80-year-old woman with chronic polyarthrosis, hospitalized for an anemic syndrome, who also complained of buccal dryness. Clinical examination showed simply parotid swelling and discrete splenomegaly. The diagnosis of SS appeared to be primary. The hemogram, myelogram and bone biopsy indicated CMML. During SS, the possibility of occurrence of a lymphoproliferative syndrome is well documented, and other malignant affections are much less likely to be found in the absence of immunosuppressive treatment. The particular case of SS and associated CMML detected at the same time suggests either the favorable role of monocytic proliferation on immunity or a stem clonal anomaly affecting monocytes and B lymphocytes. PMID- 3165743 TI - Results of a dental fear survey in Japan: implications for dental public health in Asia. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to initiate the study of dental fear in Japan. 415 college students, aged 18-22 yr were surveyed. A standardized questionnaire which has been used in the United States was translated into Japanese and was administered to the students. More than 80% of those surveyed reported some dental fear. Six to 14% of the students reported extreme fear of the dentist. The majority of the subjects admitted that they delayed making dental appointments due to fear. Muscle tension was the most common physiological symptom reported. The dental drill and needle were the most fear-provoking stimuli. PMID- 3165744 TI - The practice of dentistry by male and female dentists. AB - Increasing numbers of women are entering the once male-dominated dental profession in Australia. Determining what differences exist in the practice of dentistry between male and female dentists has therefore become an important task. The purpose of the present study was to examine differences in practice between male and female dentists. Data were available from a weighted, stratified random sample of 730 dentists (486 male and 294 female dentists) in each State or Territory of Australia. Using discriminant analysis age, practice setting, number of other dentists in the practice, inputs to the practice of dentistry either hired, acquired or contributed, direct demand and community size were all found significant in separating male and female dentists. It was more difficult to separate younger male and female dentists, indicating some convergence between the sexes. However, some differences persisted. Possible reasons for the differences are discussed and some implications noted. PMID- 3165745 TI - Evaluation of an indirect method for assessing the quality of amalgam restorations in epidemiological studies. AB - The purpose of the present study was to compare an indirect method with direct clinical observations for its ability to assess the clinical quality of amalgam restorations. Two evaluators examined independently the quality of 290 amalgam restorations in 25 patients. All restorations were examined directly as well as indirectly using seven well-defined characteristics. Direct assessment consisted of visual examination utilizing mirror and explorer. Indirect observations were made with the aid of color transparencies and bite-wing radiographs. The results showed a high interexaminer agreement for the indirect method which was even higher than for the direct method. No statistically significant differences existed between the two examiners in both methods. When using color transparencies for the indirect method, there is a high degree of agreement between both methods. Only one characteristic, the "anatomic form", showed significant differences in the sense that an unsatisfactory "anatomic form" is diagnosed more often by direct evaluation. Therefore, the indirect method, using color transparencies, is reliable in assessing quality of amalgam restorations except for "anatomic form". When using bite-wing radiographs for the indirect method, unsatisfactory characteristics were diagnosed more frequently indirectly than directly. On the basis of the results, it was concluded that bite-wing radiographs are indispensable in examining amalgam restorations. PMID- 3165746 TI - Social factors and oral hygiene habits among caries free children in a low fluoride area in Sri Lanka. AB - The relationship of toothcleaning habits and caries free status of a group of 13 16-yr-old children who were not subjected to any caries preventive measures in Sri Lanka were studied. Despite lack of prevention, 31% of the subjects were caries free, and a higher proportion of these were boys. All subjects reported brushing their teeth at least once a day. The study failed to show any relationship between either brushing frequency or the use of brush or finger for toothcleaning, and caries. Although social status by father's employment was not related to the caries status, it was seen that a higher proportion of children of employed mothers' were caries free. Significant differences in oral hygiene habits except brushing frequency were noted among different social groups. PMID- 3165747 TI - Comparisons of dental maturity between the rural community of Kuhmo in northeastern Finland and the city of Helsinki. AB - The aim of the study was to check whether dental maturity charts made in southern Finland can be used without modifications in other parts of the country. For this reason the dental maturity of 90 children living in the sparsely populated areas of Kuhmo in northeastern Finland was compared with that of a larger sample of Helsinki children. Most of the Kuhmo children were 7.0-8.5 and 10.5-12.5 yr of age. The method of Demirjian and associates was used to estimate dental maturity. The means of dental maturity scores were greater in Kuhmo in most half-year groups in both sexes. The median dental maturity scores of Kuhmo children were between the 50th and 84th percentile curves of Helsinki children. A referent of the same age and sex was chosen for each Kuhmo child from the Helsinki children. The paired t-test was based on the difference in dental age. The dental age of the Kuhmo children was higher (P less than 0.05). These findings suggest differences in dental maturity within a fairly homogeneous population, which should be considered when national charts are used. PMID- 3165748 TI - Longitudinal survey of enamel defects in a cohort of New Zealand children. AB - Enamel defects are being used increasingly to monitor fluoride use. In New Zealand in 1982 a survey of the prevalence of enamel defects in 9-yr-old children was carried out. Children who had enamel defects on the labial surfaces of their maxillary incisors were re-examined after 3 yr together with an equal number of children without defects. The same examiner using the same examination methods and the DDE index carried out both examinations but at the second examination was unaware of the results for individual children at the first examination. There was little difference in the group prevalence of the main defect categories except for the tooth prevalence of hypoplasia. There was an increase in discolouration and hypoplasia occurring in combination with diffuse fluoride related opacities. There was no evidence that defects had faded with time. This longitudinal survey showed that some increase in defect severity occurred over a relatively short time span in initially mild defects. In some children these changes were sufficient to cause a deterioration in tooth appearance. Age and tooth specific enamel defect data are necessary in surveys monitoring the public health use of fluoride since posteruptive changes can affect prevalence and severity. PMID- 3165749 TI - Prevalence and location of enamel opacities in children after anti-neoplastic therapy. AB - The prevalence and location of enamel opacities was recorded in 37 subjects from low-fluoride areas who had received anti-neoplastic therapy and was compared with an equal number of healthy controls. All the patients had received combination chemotherapy for a malignant disease for at least 2 yr early on in their lives. These cases, and especially those with leukemia, had more opacities than the controls, although these opacities were mild in form. The results show that childhood cancer and/or the therapy provided for this can affect the developing dentition, involving all teeth in leukemia cases and the permanent teeth of the mixed dentition period in other cancer diseases. PMID- 3165750 TI - Number of amalgam tooth fillings in relation to subjectively experienced symptoms in a study of Swedish women. AB - There has been a lot of discussion concerning the possible influence of amalgam tooth fillings on different symptoms and complaints. Information on this topic could be obtained from 1024 dentulous women aged 38-72, participants in a population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden, who answered a questionnaire with 30 specific questions concerning different symptoms and complaints. The answers were related to number of tooth surfaces restored with amalgam. Due to the sampling method and the high participation rate, the participants were representative of dentulous women of the same age in the general population. No positive correlations were found between number of amalgam fillings and number of symptoms, nor between number of amalgam fillings and prevalence of specified single symptoms or complaints. On the contrary there were a number of age-matched significant correlations in the opposite direction, which means that women with a high number of amalgam fillings reported a lower number of symptoms and complaints than women with a low number of amalgam fillings. These inverse relationships between number of amalgam fillings and different symptoms and complaints usually disappeared, when number of teeth was taken into consideration as a background variable. The inverse relationships with abdominal pain and poor appetite were, however, independent of both number of teeth and socioeconomic status as based on multivariate analysis. This study does not support the view of a correlation between amalgam fillings and symptoms and complaints, at least not on a population level. PMID- 3165751 TI - Relative importance of eight oral conditions for a fit dentition according to Dutch general practitioners. AB - Almost 5 million Dutch National Health Service members visit the dentist half yearly in order to keep their so-called "dental fitness certificate" valid. The methods of paired comparisons and direct ranking were used to study the relative importance of eight oral conditions for a fit dentition: plaque, calculus, gingivitis, a pocket, a cavity, a root/radicle, a fistula and an extraction diastema. The assessments were made by a sample of Dutch general practitioners under contract to the National Health Service (n = 49). Each dentist was consistent in his comparative pairwise choices. Although agreement between the dentists was statistically significant, the low coefficient indicated individual differences between the dentists. The average rank orders of the eight oral conditions obtained from the dentists as a group by means of the two methods were highly comparable. To obtain dental fitness the dentists judged the treatment of a fistula and gingivitis more important than the treatment of plaque, calculus and cavities, and least important, the three conditions: root/radicles, pockets and extraction diastema. This average rank order indicates a shift in the concept of "dentally fit" as stated in the requirements, dating back to 1960, for granting a dental fitness certificate. PMID- 3165752 TI - Prevalence and severity of periodontal conditions among adults in urban and rural Morogoro, Tanzania. AB - A study to assess the prevalence and severity of periodontal conditions among 809 adults in Tanzania was carried out in 1982 in Morogoro District. The prevalence of plaque (99.6%), calculus (95.7%) and gingivitis (93.8%) among them was high. The mean number of teeth per person with pockets between 3.5 and 5.5 mm was 3.5 for the urban and 4.2 for the rural population. Pockets of more than 5.5 mm were found on average in 0.1 (urban) and 0.2 (rural) teeth per person. In the 45+ age group on average 3.0 teeth per person were missing in urban areas and 6.9 teeth in rural areas. There were no statistically significant differences found in periodontal conditions between urban and rural adults, except for the 45+ age group. In this age group a higher mean number of teeth per person with recession, calculus, pockets, gingivitis and missing were found among the rural than the urban population. The study suggests that high prevalence of plaque, calculus and gingivitis at a young age, if untreated, does not lead for all persons to severe periodontal breakdown with ultimately tooth loss in old age in this population. Effects of the study in terms of planning primary health care teaching programs have been presented. PMID- 3165753 TI - Oral cancer after surgery for peptic ulcer. AB - Oral cancer was studied in a population of 3435 which constituted all persons who were operated upon because of peptic ulcer in Gothenburg 1952-61. This population formed a data base which was coordinated with the National Cancer Register and the Register of Causes of Deaths in Sweden. The expected number of oral cancers was 7.7 and the observed number was 17 (P less than 0.01). In gerontologic population studies of the elderly in Gothenburg it was shown that 70-yr-old men with a history of peptic ulcer surgery more often were tobacco smokers, edentulous and more often had sideropenic and megaloblastic anemia and also had a lower bone mineral content. PMID- 3165754 TI - Regional differences of vascular sensitivities in canine long posterior ciliary arteries. AB - Information is needed with regard to the vascular reactivities of ophthalmic and ciliary arteries in order to provide rational medical treatment of ocular disease by systemic administration of drugs. In the present study, vascular reactions of isolated proximal and distal portions of dog long posterior ciliary arteries (LPCAs) to norepinephrine (NE), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and KCl were examined using the arterial-perfusion method, in the presence and absence of 2 kinds of antagonists, bunazosin (a selective alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist) and diltiazem (a calcium antagonist). In the present study, the proximal LPCA is defined as the region of LPCA on the optic nerve, and the distal one the region along the sclera except the anterior uvea. Each drug was injected by a microinjector into the endothelial side of an artery through a cannulated rubber tubing. Responses were recorded as changes in perfusion pressure. Results were as follows: 1) Three agents produced temporal vasoconstrictions, and the rank order of potency for inducing a vasoconstriction was NE greater than PGF2 alpha greater than KCl in each portion. 2) In these two regions of LPCAs, the maximum increase in perfusion pressure and the threshold dose for KCl were almost the same. 3) The maximum increase in perfusion pressure by PGF2 alpha was the same in these regions, but the threshold dose on proximal vessels was significantly larger than that on distal ones, indicating that the distal LPCAs were more sensitive to PGF2 alpha than the proximal ones. 4) The threshold dose for NE in the distal LPCAs was significantly greater than that in the proximal ones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3165755 TI - Primary granulocytic sarcoma presenting with pleural and pulmonary involvement. AB - A 36-year-old woman presented with cough, pleural effusion and atelectasis. Evaluation included pleural biopsy, bronchoscopy, bone marrow biopsy, endomyocardial biopsy and ultimately thoracotomy. The diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma involving lungs and pleura but not bone marrow was made histologically. PMID- 3165757 TI - [Clinical results in the use of a new porous hydroxyapatite (Ceros 80) in blocks and granular form. First results with individual production of blocks of hydroxyapatite and fibrin]. PMID- 3165756 TI - [Acute primary phase as an indicator of HIV-1 infection. The general symptoms and polymorphic exanthema with mouth mucosal involvement 2 to 6 weeks before seroconversion]. AB - The initial symptoms of an HIV-1 infection were observed in four patients. The following were characteristic for the acute primary phase: (a) initial maculopapular exanthema, especially of the trunk, with occasional transition into a papulovesical appearance; (b) involvement of the oral mucosa, often of aphthous character; and (c) general malaise with fever and lymphadenopathy. The observed cutaneous changes had, on one hand, features of a Coxsackie or mononucleosis exanthema, on the other of secondary syphilis. In three patients seroconversion occurred within 2-6 weeks, the fourth failed to return for follow-up. The listed acute primary symptoms can be used as the earliest indicators of an HIV-1 infection having occurred. PMID- 3165758 TI - [Lyophilized homologous cartilage as bone substitute in the jaw]. PMID- 3165759 TI - [Morphometrical comparison of bone reaction to tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite and Ceravital]. PMID- 3165760 TI - [Morphology of isolated bone resorbing cells on different biomaterials]. PMID- 3165761 TI - [A bone substitute made of algae]. PMID- 3165762 TI - Residual ridge reconstruction with hydroxyapatite. A retrospective study. PMID- 3165763 TI - [Two-staged closed procedure for ridge augmentation with hydroxyapatite (second phase ending the study)]. PMID- 3165764 TI - [Technique and results of alveolar ridge augmentation with hydroxyapatite ceramics in a preformed implant bed]. PMID- 3165765 TI - [First clinical results with a pyrolized bone substitute]. PMID- 3165766 TI - [Experimental studies on the behavior of a non-soluble collagen preparation after subperiosteal implantation in canine mandibles]. PMID- 3165767 TI - [Early or late augmentation of the atrophic mandible using hydroxyapatite]. PMID- 3165768 TI - [Integration of bone substitutes in the jawbone. Morphologic findings]. PMID- 3165769 TI - [SEM studies on the hydroxyapatite/bone interface structures]. PMID- 3165770 TI - [Is Palacos a suitable material for temporary mandibular replacement following tumor removal?]. PMID- 3165771 TI - [Healing and lymphatic or splenic reactions following implantation of a gentamicin-containing tricalcium phosphate drug deposit in animal experiments]. PMID- 3165772 TI - [Acrylic as temporary bone replacement following partial resection of the mandible]. PMID- 3165773 TI - [Biodegradation of various polymers of alpha-hydroxy acids]. PMID- 3165774 TI - [Bone replacement using pyrolized xenogeneic bone]. PMID- 3165775 TI - [Hydroxyapatite collagen versus bone apatite collagen]. PMID- 3165777 TI - [Bone substitutes in tooth transplantations]. PMID- 3165776 TI - [Four years of clinical application of hydroxyapatite for filling periodontal bone pockets]. PMID- 3165778 TI - [Alveolar ridge reconstruction technique using hydroxyapatite ceramic in a contourable form]. PMID- 3165780 TI - [Reconstruction of dento-alveolar defects with porous hydroxyapatite ceramic material]. PMID- 3165779 TI - [Hydroxyapatite as an alloplastic bone substitute for the treatment of periodontal bone defects]. PMID- 3165781 TI - [Clinical and histological post-treatment evaluation after absolute alveolar ridge augmentation with hydroxyapatite granules]. PMID- 3165782 TI - [Augmentation of an atrophic alveolar ridge with preformed implants of granular hydroxyapatite and collagen. First results]. PMID- 3165783 TI - [Results of alveolar ridge augmentation using hydroxyapatite]. PMID- 3165785 TI - [Fixation of hydroxyapatite granules in alveolar ridge augmentation. First experience with a subperiosteal tissue expander]. PMID- 3165784 TI - [Post-treatment evaluation after 3 years of routine application of hydroxyapatite for ridge augmentation]. PMID- 3165787 TI - Experimental study of xenogeneic osteogenesis using bovine sintered bone "true bone ceramic (TBC)" combined with bovine bone morphogenetic protein (bBMP). PMID- 3165786 TI - Clinical application of bioceramics for bone substitution after mandibular resection. PMID- 3165788 TI - [Stabilization of granular hydroxyapatite by means of individual vicryl nets for augmentation of atrophic alveolar ridges]. PMID- 3165789 TI - [Defects in disposable gloves after dental treatment]. PMID- 3165790 TI - [Diffusion of hydrogen, hydroxyl and calcium ions through the dentin of human teeth]. PMID- 3165791 TI - [Influence of acids, varnishes and cements on the permeability of dentin]. PMID- 3165792 TI - [Effect of granular hydroxyapatite on cell cultures of human gingival fibroblasts]. PMID- 3165793 TI - [Periodontometry--a new method for the measurement and analysis of tooth mobility. 3. Physiologic and pathologic tooth mobility]. PMID- 3165794 TI - [Model studies on the sonographic definition of the periodontal membrane]. PMID- 3165795 TI - [B-scan ultrasonography of the facial and oral alveolar margin. Verification using macerated and intact jaw segments of pigs]. PMID- 3165796 TI - [Localization of the hinge axis points]. PMID- 3165797 TI - [Biomechanics of temporomandibular joint movements]. PMID- 3165799 TI - [Borderline cases in the preservation of periodontally involved teeth]. PMID- 3165798 TI - [Limits of tooth preservation in filling therapy]. PMID- 3165800 TI - [Borderline cases in the preservation of traumatized teeth]. PMID- 3165801 TI - [Long-term results of caries-prevention sealing]. PMID- 3165802 TI - [(Long-term) results with glass ionomer cements]. PMID- 3165803 TI - [Long-term experience with systematic endodontics in clinical practice]. PMID- 3165804 TI - [First results with a new method for screening caries-active children]. PMID- 3165805 TI - [Compliance with preventive dental measures for patients with severely damaged dentition]. PMID- 3165806 TI - [Correlation between caries prevalence and periodontal condition in over 1000 hospital patients]. PMID- 3165808 TI - [Comparative long-term studies on Ketac Fil and amalgam in deciduous teeth]. PMID- 3165807 TI - [Clinical behavior of polishable composites in treatment of anterior cavities after 2 years]. PMID- 3165809 TI - [Quantitative scanning electron microscopic analyses of the margins of anterior composite fillings after alternating thermal loads]. PMID- 3165810 TI - [Proximal cavity preparation and periodontal prevention--a clinical study]. PMID- 3165811 TI - [Clinical and physical studies on two constant-current electric sensitivity testers]. PMID- 3165812 TI - [Alkalizing effect of preparations containing calcium hydroxide]. PMID- 3165813 TI - [Effects of intraligamentous anesthesia on tooth mobility]. PMID- 3165814 TI - [New splinting methods for the early mixed dentition]. PMID- 3165815 TI - [Comparative study of a camera-controlled ring flash system and conventional photographic equipment]. PMID- 3165816 TI - [Structural studies on the interface of a ceramic veneer PdAg dental alloy]. PMID- 3165817 TI - [Comparative studies on the ceramo-metallic interface of palladium alloys]. PMID- 3165818 TI - [Solubility of dental alloys]. PMID- 3165819 TI - [In-vivo corrosion phenomena of cast restorations and their interactions with the oral cavity]. PMID- 3165820 TI - [Studies on analgesic prescription preferences of dentists and on the self medication of dental patients]. PMID- 3165821 TI - [Preservation of periodontally and apically compromised teeth by transdental fixation combined with hydroxyapatite]. PMID- 3165822 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of the preservation of teeth after trauma from the surgeon's point of view]. PMID- 3165823 TI - [Results after 2 1/2 years of transdental fixation using bicylindrical tapered titanium pin implants]. PMID- 3165824 TI - [Long-term results with retrograde root filling using aluminum oxide ceramic material in the surgical preservation of teeth]. PMID- 3165825 TI - [Forced elongation of a tooth after deep fracture as an alternative to extraction]. PMID- 3165826 TI - [Comparative studies on the fatigue strength of absorbable polymers used in oral and maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3165827 TI - [Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck's disease) of oral mucosa in a three-year-old German girl]. PMID- 3165828 TI - [Glass polyalkenoate fillings. Conclusions from clinical and technical experience in the restoration of cervical lesions]. PMID- 3165829 TI - [Effect of dental alloys on the acidogenic metabolism of Streptococcus mutans]. PMID- 3165830 TI - [Effect of dentin adhesives on cell cultures of human gingival fibroblasts]. PMID- 3165831 TI - [Metallic prosthodontic materials in sensitized patients]. PMID- 3165833 TI - [Porosity formation in ceramic veneering of palladium alloys. Effects of the investment material]. PMID- 3165832 TI - [Corrosion behavior of non-precious alloys]. PMID- 3165834 TI - [Measuring the discoloration tendency of dental ceramics]. PMID- 3165836 TI - [Basic studies on the dimensional behavior of gypsum]. PMID- 3165835 TI - [Dimensional stability of alginate impressions. Dimensional stability of alginate impressions and hardness of gypsum models and dies after disinfection]. PMID- 3165838 TI - [Periodontal condition of retentive and supporting teeth after connection of intra/extracoronal attachments for distal extension prostheses]. PMID- 3165837 TI - [Fatigue tests of ceramic veneer taper crowns]. PMID- 3165839 TI - [Temporary crown and bridge materials]. PMID- 3165840 TI - [Changes in the dimensional behavior and bending strength of PMMA acrylics secondary to autoclave sterilization]. PMID- 3165841 TI - [Corrosion behavior of laser-welded dental alloys. 3]. PMID- 3165842 TI - [Testing softened gutta-percha in cell culture]. PMID- 3165843 TI - [Methodological studies on the growth inhibition test]. PMID- 3165844 TI - [Mineral balance in artificial, caries-like enamel lesions with different histopathologic appearance]. PMID- 3165845 TI - [Effect of diabetes mellitus (type 1) on the periodontium]. PMID- 3165846 TI - [Comparative studies of two complete denture construction methods as related to changes in occlusion]. PMID- 3165847 TI - [Long-term results after conservative treatment of functional disorders of the masticatory system]. PMID- 3165848 TI - New perspectives in epidemiology and prevention of periodontal disease- implications for practical application. PMID- 3165849 TI - [Can new findings in immunology and microbiology change practical periodontal treatment?]. PMID- 3165850 TI - Regenerative capacity of periodontal tissues. PMID- 3165851 TI - [Principles of application of hydroxyapatite ceramic implants]. PMID- 3165852 TI - [Prognosis of successful treatment of periodontal bone pockets with alloplastic implants--a critical evaluation of present results]. PMID- 3165853 TI - [First practical experience in the identification of immunological risk patients in a Hamburg office]. PMID- 3165854 TI - Contraction of collagen gels by fibroblasts cultured from normal and inflamed gingivae. PMID- 3165855 TI - [Epidemiological examination of the periodontal condition of West German soldiers by the means of the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN)]. PMID- 3165856 TI - [Postoperative evaluation of the functional state of single-rooted maxillary teeth following flap procedures using the Periotest method]. PMID- 3165857 TI - [Furcation diagnosis--comparison of orthopantomography, full mouth X-ray series, and intraoperative finding]. PMID- 3165858 TI - [Bone replacement materials with growth factor additive: a new approach to the regeneration of periodontal bone defects? I. Induced bone regeneration in animal experiments]. PMID- 3165859 TI - [Use of porous hydroxyapatite in systematic periodontal treatment. A 2-year clinical study]. PMID- 3165860 TI - [Immunochemical and immunohistological findings with different calcium phosphate ceramic materials in an in vitro experiment]. PMID- 3165861 TI - [Exposure by roll flap techniques: a postoperative evaluation of the periodontal and mucogingival situation]. PMID- 3165862 TI - [Soft tissue regeneration of the periodontal system following implantation of porous hydroxyapatite ceramics (Osprovit) in animal experiments]. PMID- 3165863 TI - Single-cell analysis of the intracellular pH and its regulation during the monocytic differentiation of U937 human leukemic cells. AB - Monocytic differentiation of U937 cells induced by retinoic acid is accompanied by a 0.2-pH-unit cell alkalinisation. The effect of retinoic acid on intracellular pH (pHi) develops slowly and it precedes the differentiation of the cells by 24 h. Heterogeneity in cellular pHi values was assessed using flow cytometry. It was higher at the differentiated stage than at the undifferentiated stage. It was reduced under conditions of clamped pHi values. Two membrane mechanisms allow U937 cells to recover from an intracellular acidosis. These are the Na+/H+ exchange system and a Na+-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchange system. The increase in the pHi observed after monocytic differentiation resulted from a twofold increase in the maximum activity of the Na+/H+ exchange system with no change in the activity of the bicarbonate-dependent system. The properties of interaction of the Na+/H+ exchanger of U937 cells with Na+, Li+, amiloride and its derivatives were defined and appeared to be unique to human leukemic cells. PMID- 3165864 TI - Tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase cytochemistry in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - We studied the cytochemical distribution of tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (FH4D), an enzyme involved in nucleic acid metabolism and thus in cell proliferation and differentiation processes, in bone marrow blasts from 37 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), of whom 23 were pediatric patients. 26 cases were analyzed at onset, 11 in relapse. The ALL cases were immunologically classified as T (10), common (20), B (3) and null (4). In each subgroup the majority of lymphoblasts were positive, with heterogeneous positivity patterns and variable degrees of enzyme activity. Most T lymphoblasts were characterized by focal localization of FH4D, whereas in common blasts reactivity - usually less strong - was either focally localized or scattered with several fine granules. Finally, many B and null blasts showed diffuse positivity. A quantitative evaluation of FH4D activity using cytophotometric technique (Vickers M86) demonstrated higher degrees of reactivity in leukemic blasts than in normal lymphocytes. Moreover, slightly different levels of reactivity were observed in relation to immunological phenotype, age and stage of the disease. Therefore we think that FH4D is a useful additional marker for ALL characterization. PMID- 3165865 TI - Myelodysplastic syndromes: analysis of clinical and prognostic features in 96 patients. AB - In a retrospective study of 96 patients with a myelodysplastic syndrome the FAB classification, Bournemouth score and other parameters were correlated with leukaemic transformation and survival. Diagnosis was refractory anaemia (RA) in 7 patients, acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anaemia (AISA) in 2, chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) in 31, refractory anaemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) in 34 and RAEB in transformation (RAEB-t) in 22. Median survival for all patients was 37 weeks (RA and AISA 103, CMML 67, RAEB 35, RAEB-t 27). Scoring according to the Bournemouth criteria showed significant differences in survival between groups A, B and C. Of the separate variables, only percentage of bone marrow blasts and haemoglobin level were prognostically significant. A modified scoring system based upon these two variables was even more discriminative. It proved to be particularly useful in CMML, a subtype with a wide range of survival times. Leukaemic transformation was seen in 39% (RA and AISA 0%, CMML 30%, RAEB 39%, RAEB-t 75%). PMID- 3165866 TI - High-risk AML evidenced by a monoclonal antibody. AB - A monoclonal antibody has been raised against a surface membrane antigen present on leukemic myeloblasts. In 52 consecutive patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated in a standardized fashion with intensive chemotherapy the immunologic subclass with respect to this antigen was correlated to the clinical outcome. We found the expression of this antigen to predict a poor prognosis, when measured as survival of CR-patients and as survival after 1st relapse. PMID- 3165868 TI - Phosphorylation of smooth muscle caldesmon by three protein kinases: implication for domain mapping. AB - Phosphorylation of duck gizzard caldesmon by Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and casein kinase II has been investigated. The Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase incorporates more than 3 mol phosphate per mol (140 kDa) caldesmon. All phosphorylation sites are localized in the actin- and calmodulin-binding peptide (40-45 kDa) supposed to be a part of the C-terminal domain of caldesmon. Casein kinase II phosphorylates only one site located in a short (25-27 kDa) peptide, presumably in the caldesmon N-terminal domain. The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates two sites located in the N- and C-terminal domains of caldesmon. PMID- 3165867 TI - Sobemovirus genome appears to encode a serine protease related to cysteine proteases of picornaviruses. AB - A putative serine protease was identified among non-structural proteins of southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) by sequence comparison with cellular and viral proteases. The predicted SBMV protease displayed a significant similarity to cysteine proteases of picornaviruses, providing a possible evolutionary link between the two enzyme classes. It is suggested that SBMV follows the general expression strategy characteristic of other positive-strand RNA viruses containing 5'-terminal covalently linked proteins (VPg), i.e. generation of functional proteins by polyprotein processing. PMID- 3165870 TI - Preoperative serum markers in carcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid. II. Prediction of prognosis. AB - The prognostic value of a single preoperative determination of the serum (S) concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and the carcinoma-associated carbohydrate antigen CA-50, either alone or in combination was evaluated in 327 consecutive patients with carcinoma of the rectum. A strong correlation was found between the serum level of each of these tumour markers separately, and prognosis, both in terms of crude survival in all patients and in disease-free survival in 'potentially cured' patients. The prognostic information provided by S-TPA and S-CA-50 was stronger, however, than that given by S-CEA. In a multivariate approach, S-TPA was found to be most informative. With use of the Cox regression model, the critical serum values that best separated patients in regard to mortality were CEA 18 micrograms/l, TPA 120 U/l and S-CA-50 40 U/ml. The critical values that best discriminated disease-free survival in 'potentially cured' patients were CEA 12 micrograms/l, TPA 110 U/l and S-CA-50 28 U/ml. The clinical usefulness of these and other cut-off levels is discussed. PMID- 3165869 TI - Preoperative serum markers in carcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid. I. Prediction of tumour stage. AB - Preoperative serum concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and a monoclonal-antibody-defined carcinoma-associated carbohydrate antigen, CA-50, were measured in 272 consecutive patients with histopathologically proven rectal carcinoma. The levels of all three tumour markers correlated directly to the stage of the disease. The serum TPA reflected both the local tumour burden and any metastatic spread, as shown by analysing mean levels of S-TPA and by the use of a Walker and Duncan regression model. S-CA 50 separated patients with and without distant metastases, but not with regard to the local tumour burden. Although the level of S-CEA correlated to the tumour stage, it did not discriminate patients with respect to locally advanced growth or generalized disease. In a multivariate analysis, the serum level of TPA was found to be the most informative preoperatively. Both S-CA-50 and S-CEA gave information additional to that provided by S-TPA in the prediction of the tumour stage (Dukes' stage A-D), and S-CA-50 was also useful in the prediction of metastatic disease. PMID- 3165871 TI - Defunctioning colostomy. PMID- 3165872 TI - [Asphyxia]. PMID- 3165873 TI - Prospects for contact lens wear in aphakia. AB - The success rate and complications for contact lens wear in 366 aphakic patients were evaluated retrospectively over a mean follow-up period of 36 months. Successful use of a daily wear contact lens (DWCL) was related to lens handling ability. In unilateral aphakia it was 86 per cent (161/187) for patients under 70 years old but only 27 per cent (19/70) for those over 70 years (p = less than 0.0001). This age related difference did not occur either for the use of a second lens, following successful use of a lens after the first cataract extraction, for which the overall success rate was 89 per cent (55/62) or for simultaneous bilateral lens fitting, which had a success rate of 81 per cent (38/47). Extended wear soft contact lenses (EWSCL) were fitted to patients unable to use DWCLs but only half were successful (21/40). There was no difference in the incidence of complications between daily wear soft and daily wear hard contact lenses or young (up to 44 years), middle aged (45-69 years) and elderly (over 70 years) patients, for the use of all DWCLs. However the risk of a serious complication was six times greater for patients using EWSCL (55 per cent) compared with those using DWCLs (8.8 per cent). DWCLs are a safe and successful method of aphakia correction for patients under 70 years of age. Once the ability to handle a DWCL has been learned, success is maintained when the second eye is fitted. EWSCLs have a high complication rate and a low success rate in patients unable to use DWCLs; other methods of aphakia correction should be considered first in this group. PMID- 3165874 TI - [Finishing of complete dentures. Sources of error and how they can be avoided]. PMID- 3165875 TI - [Galvano-ceramic crowns. Preparation and first experience]. PMID- 3165876 TI - [The small restoration. A practical case]. PMID- 3165877 TI - [Dental Standards Committee. Quality control of dental materials]. PMID- 3165878 TI - [Correct occlusal repositioning of investment model on articulator]. PMID- 3165879 TI - [Duplicate denture method. Good adaptation of new complete denture]. PMID- 3165880 TI - [OVS-System. 4-year study completed]. PMID- 3165881 TI - [Centrograph System. Easy bite registration method]. PMID- 3165882 TI - [PMMA basic materials in relation to isolation]. PMID- 3165883 TI - [Deflasking with high water pressure. Essential information]. PMID- 3165884 TI - [New generation blended materials. Esthetics of dental synthetic blend technic]. PMID- 3165885 TI - [Full ceramic bridges. Dicor-glass-ceramic]. PMID- 3165886 TI - [Computer controlled preheating furnace. Advantageous for fine-grained investments]. PMID- 3165888 TI - [On the other end of the concept. Functional learning as one-way street?]. PMID- 3165887 TI - [Exact model preparation by full ceramic system]. PMID- 3165889 TI - [Full ceramic systems compared. View of technical work results]. PMID- 3165890 TI - [Gold-splatter denture. Denture with artistic ambience]. PMID- 3165891 TI - [Occlusal surface finishing of poured pieces. Cautious handling, grinding and polishing]. PMID- 3165893 TI - [Insufficient model preparation in area of apprentice examination]. PMID- 3165892 TI - [Foil ceramic crowns. Broad indications raise effectiveness]. PMID- 3165894 TI - [Synthetic blends for crowns and bridges]. PMID- 3165895 TI - Mosaic incorporation and regulated expression of an exogenous gene in the sea urchin embryo. AB - A fusion gene construct in which the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene is controlled by CyIIIa actin gene cis-regulatory sequences was injected into unfertilized eggs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. The distribution of CAT DNA sequences was measured directly by in situ hybridization in squashed 24-hr blastula preparations derived from these eggs. Earlier studies had shown that stable mosaic incorporation of the exogenous DNA occurs during cleavage, after which the exogenous sequences replicate at approximately the pace of the host cell genomes. The fractions of embryonic cells observed in this study to include CAT DNA sequences imply that their stable incorporation into a replicating nuclear form occurs most often in a single cell at the 3rd or 4th cleavage stages, though it may occur as early as 2nd cleavage, or as late as 7th cleavage. Corroborative measurements were carried out by the same method on squashed preparations of embryos at earlier stages, and by in situ hybridizations of CAT mRNA, both in dissociated embryos and in cytological sections of 72-hr pluteus-stage embryos. Hybridizations to CAT mRNA and to CAT DNA were carried out on alternate sections of several embryos. The results confirm unequivocally that although CAT mRNA appears only in the aboral ectoderm in embryos derived from eggs injected with the CyIIIa.CAT fusion gene, the exogenous sequences are indeed present, though silent, in the various other cell types of the late embryo. PMID- 3165896 TI - Intrarenal thromboxane A2 generation reduces the furosemide-induced sodium and water diuresis in cirrhosis with ascites. AB - To assess the effects of intrarenal thromboxane A2 generation on furosemide induced sodium and water excretion we administered furosemide (40 mg i.v.) to 8 nonazotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites and 8 healthy subjects before and after the administration of OKY 046 (200 mg twice orally), a powerful thromboxane synthase inhibitor. Selective thromboxane-synthase inhibition significantly reduced basal and postfurosemide (1 h) urinary thromboxane B2 excretion in healthy subjects (65% before and 62% after furosemide) as well as in cirrhotic patients (52% before and 67% after furosemide) without affecting urinary prostaglandin E2 and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha excretion. During the first hour after furosemide administration, OKY 046 administration significantly enhanced postfurosemide water excretion (milliliters per minute) in both healthy subjects (from 8.5 +/- 2.0 to 11.6 +/- 2.1, p less than 0.001) and cirrhotic patients (from 1.1 +/- 0.8 to 4.2 +/- 0.5, p less than 0.005), whereas furesemide induced natriuresis (microequivalents per minute) was significantly increased only in the latter group (from 973 +/- 125 to 1405 +/- 121, p less than 0.05). Our data indicate that intrarenal thromboxane A2 generation, elicited by furosemide administration, may reduce the effects of the drug on water and sodium diuresis. Such a reduction seems to be more marked in the presence of an activated intrarenal prostaglandin system, suggesting that renal thromboxane A2 may represent an additional factor in conditioning the impaired responsiveness to furosemide, which is frequently observed in cirrhotic patients with ascites. PMID- 3165897 TI - Indomethacin-induced gastric antral ulcers in hamsters. AB - Antral ulcers account for about half of gastric ulcers in humans. An animal model was developed to produce such ulcers. Indomethacin given subcutaneously to normally fed hamsters produced antral ulcers within 1-5 h, dose dependently. These ulcers penetrated the muscularis mucosae. With repeated administration of indomethacin and longer duration of treatment, the lesions became more severe and most animals died with perforated antral ulcers after 2-5 days. Like indomethacin, aspirin given orally also produced antral ulcers in hamsters. Indomethacin reduced the formation of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2 alpha, and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha by the antral mucosa, and increased gastric acid output more than twofold. The ulcers were prevented by various antisecretory agents (cimetidine, methscopolamine bromide, and omeprazole), and the antiulcer dose of each of these agents corresponded to the antisecretory dose. By contrast, several prostaglandins prevented the ulcers at very low, nonantisecretory doses. 16,16-Dimethyl prostaglandin E2 prevented the ulcers at a dose nearly 3000 times lower than the gastric antisecretory ED50. The mechanism by which prostaglandins prevent formation of these ulcers is unknown, but the effect is consistent with cytoprotection, i.e., protection of the gastric mucosa by nonantisecretory doses. Indomethacin-induced antral ulcers appear to depend on two factors: a depletion of prostaglandin content of the antrum and gastric hyperacidity. PMID- 3165898 TI - Effect of a new anti-ulcer drug, (3-[p-(trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexylcarbonyl) phenyl] propionic acid hydrochloride, TEI-5103) on prostaglandin (PG) levels in rat gastric mucosa. AB - 1. Effect of TEI-5103 on the levels of various prostaglandins (PG's) in rat gastric mucosa was studied by HPLC and RIA methods. 2. When administrated in vivo, TEI-5103 significantly increased the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) but only slightly increased that of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) or thromboxane A2 (TXA2). 3. In the water-immersion stress model, the PGE2 level in control animals was increased immediately after stress and then decreased gradually to the initial level. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg, s.c.) sustained a lower PGE2 level during the experiment, as well as aggravated the lesions. 4. TEI-5103 (400 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the PGE2 level just before stress, and it resulted in the prevention of lesion formation. 5. TEI-5103 inhibited the activity of 15-OH-PG-dehydrogenase from guinea pig lungs, but did not affect the activity of phospholipase A2 from porcine pancreas. PMID- 3165899 TI - Interrenal activity during metamorphosis of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. AB - Plasma corticosterone concentrations were low in premetamorphic tiger salamander larvae (Norman Stage I; M. F. Norman (1985) Anat. Rec. 211, 102-109). Corticosterone levels were significantly elevated at midmetamorphosis (Norman Stage IV) but decreased at the end of metamorphosis (Norman Stage VII). Corticosterone levels remained low 2 weeks after metamorphosis. Interrenal 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was low in premetamorphic larvae (Norman Stage I) but was significantly elevated by midmetamorphosis (Norman Stage IV) and remained elevated at the end of metamorphosis (Norman Stage VII). There were no significant changes in interrenal cell nuclear size during metamorphosis. There was a significant decrease in body weight as well as a significant increase in hematocrit accompanying metamorphosis. The increase in plasma corticosterone concentration seen during metamorphosis of the tiger salamander is accompanied by an increase in interrenal steroidogenesis. PMID- 3165900 TI - [Mesenchymal soft tissue tumors and melanoma]. PMID- 3165901 TI - [Malignant mesenchymal tumors of the oral cavity]. PMID- 3165902 TI - [Differential diagnosis and therapy of epitheloid cell tumors in the area of the jaw and face]. PMID- 3165903 TI - [Unusual malignant, nonepithelial submandibular tumor. Follow-up over a period 5 years]. PMID- 3165904 TI - [Malignant melanoma--current possibilities of diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 3165905 TI - [Surgery and chemotherapy of soft tissue sarcomas in the area of the jaw and face]. PMID- 3165906 TI - [Early clinical detection of malignant melanomas, the course of melanomas and persons at risk for melanoma]. PMID- 3165907 TI - [Cell kinetic studies of the proliferation behavior of malignant melanoma using impulse cytophotometry]. PMID- 3165908 TI - [Clinical and prognostic aspects of malignant melanoma of the oral mucosa]. PMID- 3165909 TI - [Primary malignant melanomas of the oral mucosa. Pathomorphologic study of 10 cases with analysis of the tumor stage (with reference to skin melanomas)]. PMID- 3165910 TI - [Differential diagnosis and therapy of malignant melanomas of the oral cavity]. PMID- 3165911 TI - [Punch biopsy and surgical biopsy]. PMID- 3165912 TI - [Melanoblastomas of the mouth, nose and paranasal sinuses]. PMID- 3165914 TI - [Blue nevus of the oral mucosa]. PMID- 3165913 TI - [Malignant melanomas in the area of the head and neck]. PMID- 3165915 TI - [Malignant blue nevus of the face]. PMID- 3165916 TI - [Malignant melanoma in the area of the mouth and jaw]. PMID- 3165918 TI - [Interdisciplinary cooperation in the diagnosis and therapy of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 3165917 TI - [Prognostic relevance of localization and histologic grading in malignant melanoma of the head and neck]. PMID- 3165920 TI - [Covering the defect following excision of melanoma in the area of the face]. PMID- 3165919 TI - [Problems and results of treatment of 43 patients with melanomas of the head and neck]. PMID- 3165921 TI - [Indications for orbital exenteration in malignant melanoma of the eyelid skin]. PMID- 3165922 TI - [Experimental studies on photodynamic therapy of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 3165923 TI - [Anti-oncogram-assisted treatment planning in malignant melanoma]. PMID- 3165924 TI - [Liposarcoma of the tongue]. PMID- 3165925 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma in the area of the head and neck]. PMID- 3165926 TI - [Sarcomas of the area of the mouth and jaw in children with special reference to rhabdomyosarcomas]. PMID- 3165927 TI - [Soft tissue sarcoma in childhood with localization in the area of the head and neck]. PMID- 3165928 TI - [Therapy of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma]. PMID- 3165929 TI - [Conservative orbital exenteration in pediatric orbital sarcomas]. PMID- 3165930 TI - [Clinical aspects, morphology and therapy of Merkel cell tumor]. PMID- 3165931 TI - [Pathology, diagnosis and therapy of Merkel cell tumor]. PMID- 3165932 TI - [Malignant schwannoma, a rare tumor disease in mouth, jaw and facial surgery]. PMID- 3165933 TI - [Tumor remission in incurable malignant schwannoma by anti-oncogram-assisted cytostatic drug and radiotherapy]. PMID- 3165934 TI - [Does the histologic classification of hemangiopericytoma have an effect on therapy and prognosis?]. PMID- 3165935 TI - [Clinical, morphologic and immunohistochemical studies of oral Kaposi sarcoma (AIDS)]. PMID- 3165936 TI - [Indications for surgery of mesenchymal soft tissue tumors in relation to histologic findings]. PMID- 3165937 TI - [Clinical aspects, immunohistochemistry and therapy of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in the area of the jaw and face]. PMID- 3165938 TI - [Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the area of the mouth-jaw-face. Value of surgical therapeutic measures]. PMID- 3165939 TI - [The problem of pseudolymphoma. Therapeutic consequences for maxillary and facial surgeons]. PMID- 3165940 TI - [Benign mesenchymal soft tissue tumors in the area of the mouth, jaw and face]. PMID- 3165941 TI - [Results of combination therapy of rhabdomyosarcomas in the area of the jaw and face]. PMID- 3165942 TI - [Neurogenic tumors in the area of the mouth, jaw and face. Differential diagnosis and histogenesis]. PMID- 3165943 TI - [Clinical aspects and pathology of infantile fibromatosis in the area of the jaw]. PMID- 3165944 TI - [Different age-related courses of progressive fibromatosis in the area of the face]. PMID- 3165945 TI - [Aggressive infantile fibromatosis of the facial bones]. PMID- 3165946 TI - Push is on for ambulatory quality assurance. PMID- 3165948 TI - [0.1% isotretinoin in lipogel. Therapeutic experience in lichen planus of the mucous membranes]. PMID- 3165949 TI - [Evaluation of dental arch and occlusal changes with anatomic contact point analysis]. PMID- 3165947 TI - Expression of H-2 class I genes in murine extra-embryonic tissues. AB - Murine major histocompatibility complex class I genes are transcribed at high levels in placental tissues, lower levels in yolk-sac tissues and at barely detectable levels in the embryo at Day 13.5 of gestation. Genes are expressed at equivalent levels whether inherited maternally or paternally, and the genetic background has no effect on class I gene transcription. These results show that potential alloantigens are expressed in extra-embryonic tissues intimately associated with maternal tissues and blood supply and yet fail to induce immunological rejection. PMID- 3165951 TI - [Development of posterior apical region]. PMID- 3165950 TI - [Tooth position changes in adolescence]. PMID- 3165952 TI - [Occlusal adjustment of adolescent dentition]. PMID- 3165953 TI - [Facial growth in adolescence]. PMID- 3165954 TI - [Dentition changes in relation to facial growth in adolescence]. PMID- 3165955 TI - [Discrepancy determination and correction in relation to growth and orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 3165956 TI - [Cephalometrically determined changes in treatment of Class II/1 patients with the HG-Activator]. PMID- 3165957 TI - [Correction of cephalometric landmarks in 100 patients with Angle Class II/1 anomalies with the basic plan angle (B-angle)]. PMID- 3165958 TI - [Anterior orthodontic space closure--functional risk or optimal space care?]. PMID- 3165960 TI - [Wax bite registration for positioner]. PMID- 3165959 TI - [Banding the deciduous second molar]. PMID- 3165962 TI - Changes in binding of staphylococcal leukocidin to HL-60 cells during differentiation induced by dimethyl sulfoxide. AB - The susceptibility of HL-60 cells to the cytotoxic activity of leukocidin increased depending on the degree of differentiation induced by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). To compare binding characteristics of two components (S and F) of leukocidin to HL-60 and DMSO-treated HL-60 cells, the S and F components were labeled with 125I. Scatchard analysis of the binding curve of the 125I-labeled S component to HL-60 cells showed two classes of binding sites. The binding sites with higher affinity had a dissociation constant of 3.39 nM, and the number of binding sites per cell was 730. The specific binding of the 125I-labeled S component to DMSO-treated cells increased depending on the period of DMSO treatment. Scatchard analysis of the binding curve of cells treated with DMSO for 7 days gave a straight line. The dissociation constant was 1.78 nM, and the number of binding sites per cell was 6,920. The total binding of the 125I-labeled F component to DMSO-treated cells increased about twofold over binding to HL-60 cells. However, in the presence of the unlabeled S component, the increase of binding of the F component to DMSO-treated cells was much greater. These data suggested that the increased susceptibility of DMSO-treated cells to leukocidin was dependent on the changes in the number of high-affinity binding sites of the S component and of the bound F component. PMID- 3165961 TI - Purification and characterization of an 80-kilodalton membrane protein from Leishmania donovani. AB - Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani. We previously described the development of 16 monoclonal antibodies specific for L. donovani. The epitope recognized by one of these monoclonal antibodies, D13, is present at high density on nearly all isolates of L. donovani and, along with two other monoclonal antibodies, has been used to develop a sensitive and specific competitive assay for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. In this report, we characterize the antigens recognized by D13 by immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine-labeled promastigotes as two proteins (apparent molecular mass, 72 and 80 kilodaltons). Pulse-chase studies showed no evidence of a precursor product relationship for the two proteins. We purified the 80-kilodalton protein (p80) to homogeneity by detergent solubilization of promastigote membranes, immunoaffinity chromatography, and ion-exchange chromatography. The epitope on p80 recognized by D13 was completely destroyed by proteolysis but was not affected by periodic acid treatment. P80 did not bind to the radioiodinated lectins concanavalin A, wheat germ agglutinin, and Ricinus communis agglutinin. Its apparent molecular mass was not affected by tunicamycin. Thus, it does not appear to be glycosylated. This protein is highly immunogenic and may prove useful for immunoprophylaxis and serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. PMID- 3165963 TI - Restorations without conventional cavity preparations. AB - Dentists in developed countries tend to provide highly restoration-oriented dental care, yet recent research has shown that restorations have many shortcomings and that a costly and repetitious restorative cycle is easily established. In particular, caries diagnosis and restorative treatment planning are subject to considerable idiosyncrasies. Coupled with mediocrity in cavity preparation and restorative technique, this results in many restorations having poor life expectancy. The non-invasive management of small carious lesions in a manner that will bring about some remineralization offers, under certain circumstances, a viable and superior alternative to conventional restorations. However, carious lesions in smooth surfaces of the teeth present very different diagnostic and assessment problems from those in fissured surfaces and the methods of clinical management differ markedly. Fissure sealants have been applied to early or moderately sized pit and fissure carious lesions in many studies during the last 20 years. Where the sealant has remained intact, evidence has been provided to show that the caries has not progressed. There would seem, therefore, to be a strong case for using fissure sealants more widely in the management of pit and fissure lesions and, in this way, to provide restorations without cavity preparations. In situations where invasive procedures are required, conventional 'Black' cavity preparations should not be used. Rather, they should be ultra-conservative and of very high quality. Clearly, a preventive philosophy in caries management should actively be encouraged in countries with developed dental services.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3165964 TI - The impact of changing disease trends on dental education and practice. Federation Dentaire Internationale Technical Report No. 30. PMID- 3165965 TI - Dental health habits in Austria, England, Finland and Norway. AB - Individually, people can prevent dental caries by sugar restriction and periodontal disease by toothbrushing. The aim of this study was to determine the toothbrushing frequency and consumption of sweets and soft drinks in some European countries. The data were obtained during the winter of 1983-84 from schoolchildren aged 11.5, 13.5 and 15.5 in Austria, England, Finland and Norway. Except for England, the samples were nationally representative. The questionnaires were completed at school. Dental health habits apparently were best in Norway, as the toothbrushing frequency was highest and the consumption of sweets and soft drinks was lowest. The toothbrushing frequency of boys was lowest in Finland. The consumption of sweets and soft drinks was very high in Austria and England. Such international comparisons should be used when evaluating and directing national programmes of preventive dentistry. PMID- 3165966 TI - Transactions of the 75th annual World Dental Congress. Buenos Aires, Argentina, October 1987. PMID- 3165967 TI - Pharmacokinetics of a new oral antibacterial agent, ofloxacin, in dentistry and oral surgery. AB - The new oral antibacterial agent, ofloxacin, was administered for prophylactic purposes to a group of 12 patients with dental and oral inflammatory processes requiring oral surgery. Drug concentrations in serum, saliva and gingival mucosa were assayed at different times after administration of the drug. Good serum, salivary and gingival mucosal tissue concentrations were achieved. PMID- 3165968 TI - Interaction between theophylline and enoxacin. AB - A study of the pharmacokinetic and metabolic interactions between theophylline and enoxacin was carried out under steady-state conditions in seven healthy male volunteers. Sustained-release theophylline formulation (200 mg twice daily) was given as monotherapy and coadministration of enoxacin. The total and free concentrations of theophylline in the plasma and the excreted concentration of theophylline and its metabolites in the urine were measured by a high-performance liquid chromatographic method. The mean steady-state plasma theophylline concentration significantly increased by approximately 3-fold after coadministration of enoxacin. Significant decrease in the total body clearance of theophylline was found (63%) but plasma protein binding of theophylline remained unchanged. There were a significant increase in urinary theophylline and a decrease in urinary 3-methylxanthine after coadministration of enoxacin. A decrease in the total body clearance during coadministration of enoxacin is likely to have resulted from inhibition of the 1-demethylation metabolic pathway. Further studies were needed to determine the relationship between the side effects induced by enoxacin and the theophylline dosage or its plasma concentration since side effects were experienced in all the subjects concomitantly administered enoxacin. PMID- 3165969 TI - Heightened cortisol response to administration of naloxone in Tourette's syndrome. AB - The release of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) in the human has been shown to be under a direct inhibitory control derived from the locus coeruleus (LC). Opioids have been shown to inhibit CRF release. Based on our hypothesis of deranged opioid-noradrenergic activity in Tourette's syndrome (TS), we studied the effect of a naloxone challenge on plasma cortisol levels in 6 TS patients. In all patients naloxone produced a significant rise in cortisol secretion. These results support our hypothesis and suggest that in TS, noradrenergic LC receptors involved in CRF release are supersensitive as a result of chronic excessive endorphinergic activity. PMID- 3165970 TI - Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome associated with chronic schizophrenia. AB - We report a patient in whom Tourette's syndrome (TS) and Type I schizophrenia coincided, and suggest, based on clinical features and pharmacological responses, that both conditions in this patient could have a common pathophysiological basis. PMID- 3165971 TI - Phase I-II trial of acivicin in adult acute leukemia. AB - Six patients with relapsed or refractory acute leukemia were treated with 9 mg/m2 or 11 mg/m2 of acivicin daily for seven days in a phase I-II trial. No responses were attained and further dose escalation was prohibited by neurotoxicity in 2 of 3 patients who received 11 mg/m2/day. Although acivicin appears to have limited potential as a single agent, laboratory evaluation of leukemic blasts in one patient revealed cell cycle (S-phase accumulation) and metabolic effects which suggest that acivicin may be effective as a modulator of other antileukemia agents such as cytosine arabinoside. PMID- 3165973 TI - Metastatic osteogenic sarcoma of small intestine with intussusception. PMID- 3165972 TI - Treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with isotretinoin: a phase II randomized trial. AB - Retinoids, the analogs of vitamin A, are active in vitro and in vivo against squamous cell carcinoma in animals and against certain epithelial precancers and cancers in humans. These data led us to design a prospective, multi institutional, randomized phase II trial of isotretinoin in advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We randomly assigned 40 patients to receive isotretinoin or methotrexate, the best-studied and most active single agent for this disease. Overall, the study patients had extremely poor prognoses, i.e., low performance statuses and recurring disease after surgery and/or irradiation. Three objective responses (16%), including one complete response, occurred in the 19 evaluable isotretinoin-treated patients. Only one minor response (5%) occurred in the methotrexate-treated group. Toxicity occurred with both drugs, but was manageable and never life threatening in the retinoid group. These results and the established activity of retinoids in oral leukoplakia (a precursor of head and neck cancer) indicate the need for further study of this class of drugs in head and neck cancer. PMID- 3165974 TI - [Ofloxacin in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections of the ear]. AB - Twenty-three patients suffering from a Pseudomonas infection of the ear were treated with ofloxacin in a prospective study. The type of infection was as follows: external otitis 4, external otitis with furuncle 3, external otitis and otitis media 5, acute exacerbation of chronic otitis media 7, infection of radical mastoidectomy 3, malignant external otitis 1. All patients had previously been unsuccessfully treated elsewhere. The average period of infection was 13.7 days. The patients received 200 mg of ofloxacin (Tarivid) twice daily for 3 weeks. At the same time the ear was cleaned by suction at 2-4 day intervals and a Normison ear strip applied. Twenty patients were completely cured, 2 patients stopped taking ofloxacin early as a result of improved symptoms but their condition subsequently deteriorated. After a further 3 weeks of consistent treatment both of the cases were also cured. Hence only one patient did not respond to our therapy; that is a success rate of 95%. These results are compared with those of our former therapeutic plan in which all patients with resistant Pseudomonas ear infections were treated as in-patients with selected intravenous antibiotics. PMID- 3165975 TI - Pefloxacin in the treatment of nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections in intensive care patients. AB - Pefloxacin was used to treat nosocomial pulmonary infections in 46 mechanically ventilated patients. All patients had one or more underlying diseases and were given pefloxacin at a dose of 800 mg or 1200 mg daily in two or three divided doses. The commonest bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteria. Of these patients, 33 (72%) showed a favourable response, one patient relapsed and 12 (26%) were considered failures. Superinfections occurred in 10 (22%). Of the 62 isolated potential pathogens, 53 (85%) were completely eradicated. Side effects were mild and treatment was withdrawn in only three patients. Pefloxacin can be considered as a possible therapeutic agent for the treatment of nosocomial pulmonary infections. PMID- 3165976 TI - Neurological toxicity related to pefloxacin. PMID- 3165977 TI - Phospholipase D catalyzes phospholipid metabolism in chemotactic peptide stimulated HL-60 granulocytes. AB - There exists circumstantial evidence for activation of phospholipase D (PLD) in intact cells. However, because of the complexity of phospholipid remodeling processes, it is essential to distinguish PLD clearly from other phospholipases and phospholipid remodeling enzymes. Therefore, to establish unequivocally PLD activity in dimethyl sulfoxide-differentiated HL-60 granulocytes, to demonstrate the relative contribution of PLD to phospholipid turnover, and to validate the hypothesis that the formation of phosphatidylethanol is an expression of PLD catalyzed transphosphatidylation, we have developed methodologies to label HL-60 granulocytes in 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (alkyl-PC) with 32P without labeling cellular ATP. These methodologies involve (a) synthesis of alkyl lysoPC containing 32P by a combination of enzymatic and chemical procedures and (b) incubation of HL-60 granulocytes with this alkyl-[32P] lysoPC which enters the cell and becomes acylated into membrane-associated alkyl-[32P]PC. Upon stimulation of these 32P-labeled cells with the chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-Met Leu-Phe (fMLP), alkyl-[32P]phosphatidic acid (alkyl-[32P]PA) is formed rapidly. Because, under these conditions, cellular ATP has not been labeled with 32P, alkyl-[32P]PA must be formed via PLD-catalyzed hydrolysis of alkyl-[32P]PC at the terminal phosphodiester bond. This result conclusively demonstrates fMLP-induced activation of PLD in HL-60 granulocytes. These 32P-labeled HL-60 granulocytes have also been stimulated in the presence of ethanol to produce alkyl [32P]phosphatidylethanol (alkyl-[32P]PEt). Formation of alkyl-[32P]PEt parallels that of alkyl-[32P]PA with respect to time course, fMLP concentration, inhibition by a specific fMLP antagonist (t-butoxycarbonyl-Met-Leu-Phe), and Ca2+ concentration. These results strongly support the hypothesis that in HL-60 granulocytes, PEt is formed via PLD-catalyzed transphosphatidylation. Moreover, using HL-60 granulocytes double-labeled by incubation with [3H]alkyl-lysoPC and alkyl-[32P]lysoPC, it has been established that the early (30 s) appearance of alkyl-PA is due primarily to PLD, not phospholipase C as previously thought, and that alkyl-PEt is formed exclusively by PLD. These results constitute the first direct evidence for receptor-linked activation of PLD, leading to the generation of PA and PEt in an intact cell system. PMID- 3165978 TI - Glycoprotein tumour markers in head and neck neoplasms--a consecutive study on CA 50, CA 19-9, and CEA. AB - Serum levels of three glycoprotein tumour antigens (carcino-embryonic antigen, CEA; cancer-associated antigen 50, CA-50; gastrointestinal cancer-associated antigen, CA 19-9) were determined on 125 consecutive patients with tumours of the head and neck region. Elevated CEA values (greater than 5 units/ml) were found in 13/70 squamous cell carcinomas, 3/21 benign and 4/18 malignant salivary gland neoplasms. Elevated CA-50 values (greater than 17 units/ml) were found in 19/70 squamous cell carcinomas, 6/18 malignant and 1/21 benign salivary neoplasms. CA 19-9 displayed higher values (greater than 37 units/ml) in 9/68 squamous cell carcinomas, 4/18 malignant and none of 21 benign salivary gland tumours. Combination of CEA and CA-50 analyses increased the proportion of elevated values to 30/70 in squamous cell carcinomas and 10/18 in salivary gland malignancies. In squamous cell carcinomas no correlation between staging or grading and serum levels was detected for any of the markers. Among malignant salivary gland tumours, CA-50 displayed enhanced serum values in 4/6 mucoepidermoid carcinomas. The mean values for CA-50 and CA 19-9 serum levels were significantly higher for malignant salivary gland neoplasms compared to benign tumours. There was a close correlation between CA-50 and CA 19-9 serum levels. Although, the results suggest that at present none of the tumour markers tested have a place alone in the routine examination of patients with tumours affecting the head and neck region, further studies on salivary gland neoplasms and combinations of the tumour markers are justified. PMID- 3165979 TI - Application of high-performance liquid chromatography of some antibiotics in clinical microbiology. AB - During recent years high-performance liquid chromatography has become an excellent tool for the determination of antibiotics in biological fluids. Compared with biological assays, the major benefits of this method are specificity and rapidity. In particular, the determination of biologically inactive metabolites emphasizes that this technique plays an outstanding role for the analysis of antibiotics. This paper describes how the method can be used in the analysis of several antibiotics and demonstrates the efficacy of this method for clinical microbiology. Methods for the determination in biological fluids of acylaminopenicillins (azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin and aspoxicillin), quinolones (ciprofloxacine, norfloxacine and ofloxacine), a penem (imipenem) and a cephalosporin (cefixime) are summarized. Furthermore, their application to in vitro studies and their trial in clinical studies are described. PMID- 3165980 TI - A microtiter cell-culture assay for the determination of anti-human immunodeficiency virus neutralizing antibody activity. AB - A microtiter cell-culture assay is described for measuring neutralizing antibody activity directed against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The assay relies upon inhibition of HIV-mediated cell killing of infected MT-4 lymphoid cells. The assay exhibits comparable sensitivity to two other methods used for such measurements, is relatively rapid, may be adapted for screening large numbers of samples and involves minimal handling of infectious virus. PMID- 3165981 TI - Rapid and sensitive viral culture method for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 142 consecutive patients with antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were cultured for HIV-1. All 72 patients with symptoms of HIV-1 infection were culture positive, as were 69 of 70 asymptomatic patients. Of the 142 patients, 132 (93%) were culture positive within 10 days after initiation of the culture. PMID- 3165982 TI - Treatment and prevention of basal cell carcinoma with oral isotretinoin. AB - Twelve patients with multiple basal cell carcinomas resulting from varying causes were treated with high-dose oral isotretinoin (mean daily dosage: 3.1 mg/kg/day) for a mean of 8 months. Of the 270 tumors monitored in these patients, only 8% underwent complete clinical and histologic regression. All patients developed moderate to severe acute toxicities, leading five patients to withdraw from the study. Retinoid skeletal toxicity was identified in two patients who were examined after long-term therapy. Lower doses of isotretinoin (0.25 to 1.5 mg/kg/day) were ineffective for chemotherapy but demonstrated a chemopreventive effect in a subset of three patients who received these lower doses for 3 to 8 years. Two of these three patients have been observed after discontinuation of therapy. In one patient with a history of arsenic exposure, only one new tumor has appeared in a 27-month posttreatment observation period; in the other patient with the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, 29 new tumors have appeared within a 13-month period. This suggests that the need for long-term maintenance therapy with isotretinoin for chemoprevention of basal cell carcinoma may depend on the underlying cause of the skin cancers. PMID- 3165983 TI - The hand that rocks the cradle... PMID- 3165984 TI - The assessment of two dental anxiety rating scales for children. AB - A major problem in studying anxiety is the quantification of the emotion. Perhaps the most utilized method of assessing a child's anxiety in the dental situation involves the use of rating scales. This study tested the validity and reliability of published Complex and Simple rating scales by using them in a test-retest, inter-observer assessment, with standard video-recordings of children undergoing dental treatment. Three dental professionals, a dental surgeon and two dental surgery assistants, tended to equate a child's dental anxiety with his ability to accept dental treatment. The use of rating scales needs practice and experience, as some of the components are more difficult to interpret, involving dimensions of mood or ambiguity. PMID- 3165985 TI - Reinforced practice of children's cooperative behavior during restorative dental treatment. AB - A reinforced practice procedure was employed to teach cooperative behaviors to two 36-month-old children undergoing restorative dental treatment. The children were rewarded with temporary escape, praise, and stickers for practicing the use of cooperative behavior in the presence of the sights, sounds, and some of the sensations of the dental instruments, before the actual dental treatment. Observations of four classes of disruptive behavior during treatment indicated that baseline levels of disruptive behavior, typically greater than 95 percent, were reduced by more than 70 percent, following several practice visits. These changes were acceptable to the dentist--and to his assistant, who rated the children as more cooperative and less anxious. PMID- 3165986 TI - Radiographic assessment of temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction in the pediatric age-group. AB - During a five-year period, a total of 150 patients (131 girls and 19 boys) with an average age of 14 years (range 7-16 years), with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction were referred for imaging in the diagnostic radiology department. These patients were evaluated by multidirectional tomography to both joints, arthrography, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance (MR) of one or both joints. Fifty-six (37 percent) of the 150 patients had plain tomographic, CT or MR evidence of degenerative arthritis of one or both sides (18/150 12 percent with bilateral degenerative joint disease). Internal derangements of the TMJ related to meniscal displacements and dysfunction were detected in 128 patients (85 percent). Twenty-nine patients (29/150: 20 percent) suffered from bilateral internal derangements. This clinical study demonstrates that internal derangements do occur in the pediatric age-group: the high percentages of both internal derangements and degenerative joint disease suggest a cautious clinical acceptance of imaging for internal derangements in the young patient. This reluctance to study these patients should be minimized by the new, noninvasive imaging modality available in magnetic resonance. PMID- 3165987 TI - A modified flap design in exposing the palatally impacted canine. AB - A modified flap design for exposing a palatally impacted canine before orthodontic intervention is described, which utilizes an incision 4-5 mm apical to the free gingival margin. The reflected flap provides good surgical access without violating the integrity of the periodontium. PMID- 3165988 TI - Separation of fused primary incisors: report of case. AB - A case of a child with a maxillary primary left lateral incisor fused to a supernumerary was presented. The teeth were separated and restored using stainless steel crowns with composite facings. The described treatment permitted a maximum level of esthetics, function, and cleansability of the primary dentition, without compromising the permanent dentition. PMID- 3165989 TI - Triple teeth: case reports of combined fusion and gemination. AB - The discovery of a rare combination of fusion and gemination in one clinical crown, involving the same primary teeth in two patients, within a short period of time, is described. PMID- 3165990 TI - Scaphocephaly associated with other abnormalities: report of case. AB - The clinical and radiological findings of a case of scaphocephaly have been presented and related to the patient's history. The main findings were: A small cranial index. Developmental abnormalities of the hands detected both clinically and radiographically. History of congenital deformities of the feet. Aplasia of three premolars. History of pain in the occipital region at earlier age. PMID- 3165992 TI - An investigation into cavitational activity occurring in endosonic instrumentation. PMID- 3165991 TI - Timing of orthodontic tooth movement in a case with traumatized and avulsed anterior teeth. AB - A traumatic injury to a patient undergoing orthodontic treatment resulted in avulsion, dislodgement, and fracture of upper anterior teeth. Deciding when to institute endodontic treatment and when to resume orthodontic treatment was based upon minimizing the changes for ankyloses and root resorption. Endodontic treatment was carried out two weeks after trauma, and orthodontic treatment continued three weeks after trauma. Radiographs taken six months, one year, and two years after orthodontic completion showed progressive root resorption to the avulsed tooth and minimum root resorption to the remaining anterior teeth. PMID- 3165993 TI - Possible products at tooth-amalgam interfaces. PMID- 3165994 TI - Surface tarnishing in vitro of some commercially produced high-copper silver amalgams. PMID- 3165995 TI - The effect of remineralizing solutions on tooth wear in vitro. PMID- 3165996 TI - Guidelines on statistical methods. PMID- 3165998 TI - Maturation in developing permanent porcine enamel. AB - Mineral content per tissue volume was investigated in developing permanent porcine enamel and contrasted with weight-related data. Levels of mineralization were correlated directly with the histological appearance of the overlying enamel organ. Magnesium concentrations were measured at different stages of enamel development. Mineral levels rose from approximately 30% per volume of tissue during the secretory stage to approximately 60% in mature tissue. This is much lower than final mineral levels in enamel of other species. Enamel containing low mineral levels was adjacent to tall secretory ameloblasts which had reduced in height by approximately 50% at a point corresponding to the beginning of the maturation stage. Magnesium concentrations remained relatively constant throughout the secretory stage, at 0.2% Mg by weight. These rose by 3-4 times in the enamel of the maturation stage. The low levels of mineralization in the mature porcine enamel did not appear to be due to enamel pathology, and the possibility of porcine teeth erupting in an immature, partially porous condition is discussed. PMID- 3165997 TI - A genetic contribution to dental caries, occlusion, and morphology as demonstrated by twins reared apart. AB - The heritability of dental characteristics has been systematically studied in animals, human populations, families, and twins, but not in twins reared apart. Under the assumption that environmental factors are no different for monozygotic twins reared apart than for dizygotic twins reared apart, the present study measured the genetic variance of several dental characteristics in twins reared apart. Ninety-seven subjects (44 twin pairs, three triplet sets) of mean age 40.6 years (S.D. 11.7) were examined over a six-year period by means of clinical and radiographic examinations, study models, and dental history questionnaires. Characteristics assessed retrospectively were: dentate status, treatment status, treatment/caries status, tooth size, malalignment, occlusion, and morphology. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, intraclass correlations, heritability estimates, and concordance. There was statistically significant resemblance within monozygotic but not dizygotic pairs in the number of teeth present (p less than 0.001), percentage of teeth and surfaces restored (p less than 0.001), percentage of teeth and surfaces restored or carious (p less than 0.001), tooth size (p less than 0.001), and malalignment (p less than 0.009). Intercanine and intermolar arch width showed significant resemblance within both monozygotic (p less than 0.001) and dizygotic (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05) pairs, whereas overjet and overbite showed no significant resemblance within pairs. Morphological features (Carabelli's trait and mandibular first premolar groove configuration) were more highly concordant in monozygous than in dizygous twins. This study provides new evidence for a marked genetic component to dentate status and dental caries experience and confirms previous reports of acknowledged inherited contributions to tooth size, malalignment, occlusion, and morphology. PMID- 3165999 TI - Micro-analysis of mineral saturation within enamel during lactic acid demineralization. AB - In this study, the physicochemical factors responsible for caries-like lesion propagation were investigated by means of a micro-analytical system used to study the fluid within a lesion during a simulation of the decay process. Four 500 microns-thick serial sections prepared from a single human molar were mounted between glass plates with only the natural surface of the tooth exposed. Microwells were then drilled into sound and pre-existing carious regions of the section through one of the plates. These microwells were then filled with fluid under mineral oil, and after a week of equilibration, the natural surface of the section was exposed to a lesion-producing fluid. The concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and hydrogen ions of the fluid in the wells were then followed as a function of time as the lesion advanced. The results of this study, in which lactic acid was used to demineralize enamel, were consistent with those previously reported (Vogel et al., 1987a): The solution within the lesion remained saturated during the acid attack. Differences in initial mobilities of the calcium and phosphate and other ions, a result of the permselectivity of the enamel, increased the concentrations within the lesion and permanently changed the ratio of these ions in the lesion solution. Based on these results, we suggest that the ionic permselectivity of tooth enamel can have a profound effect on the transport of mineral from a caries lesion. PMID- 3166000 TI - A histological evaluation of a functional endosseous, porous-surfaced, titanium alloy dental implant system in the dog. AB - We have previously reported the clinical and radiographic findings of a trial in dogs of a new dental implant system after a functional period of eight months. The present report consists of the corresponding qualitative and quantitative histological data. The implant system was fabricated from Ti-6A1-4V and employed a porous-surfaced configuration to achieve implant fixation by bone ingrowth. A similar porous surface was used on the apical 1/3 of the transgingival collar in an attempt to gain ingrowth and attachment of gingival connective tissue. The qualitative histological data confirmed that while such attachment to the collar did occur for some implants, in the majority of implants (22 of 32) the porous region of the collar became contaminated with bacterial plaque, resulting in implant failure (four implants) or suggesting future implant failure (18 implants). Statistical analyses of the quantitative histological data indicated that there were no significant differences in surface contact of bone with the middle third of the porous implant surface (CLF) when initial healing interval (four or eight weeks), implant location, or aspect of implant (buccal vs. lingual vs. mesial vs. distal) were compared. However, comparison of the current group of functional implants with an earlier group of similarly implanted non-functional implants indicated that function produced a highly significant increase in CLF. PMID- 3166001 TI - Relationship between enzyme activities involved in oxygen metabolism and oxygen tolerance in black-pigmented Bacteroides. AB - In this study, the relationship between enzyme activities involved in oxygen metabolism and the degrees of oxygen tolerance in black-pigmented Bacteroides was investigated. All strains of Bacteroides tested possessed the activities of NADH oxidase and superoxide dismutase, whereas the activities of catalase and peroxidases were not detected in the cell-free extracts. There were relatively high correlations between oxygen tolerance and activity of either NADH oxidase or superoxide dismutase. The activity of superoxide dismutase showed a higher correlation with oxygen tolerance than with that of NADH oxidase. Among the species tested, Bacteroides gingivalis showed the highest activities of both the enzymes and was the most tolerant in the presence of oxygen. Furthermore, the activities of these two enzymes increased during aeration of the oxygen-tolerant strain Bacteroides gingivalis 381, but not in the oxygen-sensitive strain Bacteroides denticola ATCC 33185. These results suggest that superoxide dismutase and NADH oxidase might be important for protection of black-pigmented Bacteroides against the toxic effect of oxygen. PMID- 3166002 TI - Effects of age on the ability of the rat temporomandibular joint to respond to changing functional demands. AB - This investigation examined the ability of the tissues of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) to adapt to changing functional demands in young, growing rats compared with mature rats. Functional demands on the TMJ were varied by feeding diets with different physical consistencies. The first group was fed a soft diet for the experimental period. The second group was fed a hard diet, and the third group was initially fed the soft diet, then switched to the hard diet at the mid point of the experimental period. Gross dimensions of the condyle, mandible, and maxilla were measured with calipers. Thickness of the articular, proliferative, transitional, and hypertrophic zones of the condylar cartilage, and the amount of bone in the subcondylar region and condylar neck were measured on histological sections. Gross dimensions of the condyle were significantly smaller in the soft diet group compared with the hard- and soft/hard-diet groups in both growing and mature rats. The individual zones of the condylar cartilage were also significantly narrower in the soft-diet group in both growing and mature rats. However, the soft/hard-diet group of mature rats showed only a significant reduction in the thickness of the articular zone of the condylar cartilage compared with the hard-diet group. There were also narrower proliferative and transitional zones in the mature rats fed a soft/hard diet. In contrast, all of these zones showed full recovery in the young rats fed a soft/hard diet. The data presented here suggest that increasing age may diminish the capacity of the TMJ to adapt to altered function and consequently may play a significant role in the development of degenerative joint disease. PMID- 3166003 TI - Fluoride redeposition and retention during bone turnover in lactating rats. AB - The ability of the adult skeleton to retain fluoride (F) during times of Ca stress was assessed in lactating rats. Rats incorporated F into their skeletons throughout growth by consumption of water containing 50 ppm F from weaning to 11 weeks of age. The rats were then changed to a low-F intake and mated. At delivery, nine dams were killed as a baseline group, and 20 dams were fed a low-F diet plus distilled water during lactation. Half of the rats were subjected to the additional stress of a low-Ca intake to stimulate bone resorption. F loss was determined during lactation. Bone turnover was measured by the loss of previously incorporated tritiated tetracycline (3H-TC), and changes in bone Ca and F contents were compared with changes in 3H-TC content. The extent of bone resorption ranged from 16.5% in the humerus of the adequate-Ca group to 77.1% in the vertebrae of Ca-deficient dams. Loss of bone F was greatest in animals with greatest loss of 3H-TC. Once F was resorbed from bone, only a relatively small portion was redeposited (0-31.4%). The low extent of F redeposition appears to be related to a low Ca deposition in lactating rats. PMID- 3166004 TI - In vitro root caries progression measured by 125I absorptiometry: comparison with chemical analysis. AB - Radiation from a 125I source and a non-image-forming detector was used for non destructive measurements of root caries progression. Blocks were cut parallel to the cementum surface of unexposed human roots. These blocks were then individually demineralized in under-saturated calcium phosphate solutions over an 84-hour period. In order for the in vitro root surface demineralization to be followed, the changes in transmission (delta T) through the blocks were measured, by 125I absorptiometry, eight times during the course of the experiment. Chemical analyses of the calcium output (delta Ca) from the blocks into the demineralizing solutions were also performed, and the rate of demineralization (Vdem) was calculated from these values. The precision of 125I absorptiometry was calculated from 176 duplicate transmission measurements, and the coefficient of variation was found to be 0.20%. The correlation coefficient between delta T and total delta Ca for each of 22 cementum/dentin blocks ranged between r = 0.934 and r = 0.998. The progression of root hard-tissue lesions observed by these two methods and by the calculated Vdem was found to be proportional to the square and cubic roots of time. The study shows that 125I absorptiometry can be used for continuous non-destructive measurements of root hard-tissue demineralization in vitro. PMID- 3166005 TI - Cytotoxicity of amalgams. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the relative cytotoxicity of amalgams and to determine whether their toxicity depends upon composition and aging time, by means of a rapid and sensitive in vitro cell culture test. Zinc-containing amalgams showed higher cytotoxicity than did any other amalgams. High-copper amalgams had the same cytotoxicity as did the low-copper amalgam. The addition of selenium did not reduce the cytotoxicity of amalgam. Moreover, excessive additions of selenium increased the cytotoxicity of amalgam compared with that of a similar selenium-free material. The cytotoxicity of amalgam was decreased with aging time, possibly due to the combined effects of surface oxidation and further amalgamation. PMID- 3166006 TI - Evaluation of submandibular salivary flow rate in different age groups. AB - The production of unstimulated and citrate-stimulated submandibular saliva was examined in 90 male and female adults, aged 26-93 years. None was taking prescription medications for treatment of systemic disease. There was no diminution in submandibular gland fluid output, at rest or during stimulation, with increasing age. Similar findings, previously reported for the parotid glands, were also confirmed. These results demonstrate that major gland fluid secretion capacity is maintained in healthy older individuals. PMID- 3166007 TI - Changes in bovine dentin mineral with sodium hypochlorite treatment. AB - Dentin powders from bovine incisors were treated with 10% NaClO solution. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) indicated the removal of organic material from the dentin sample following the treatment, since the exothermic reaction at 320 degrees C had disappeared. X-ray diffraction studies revealed a change in the crystallinity of the dentin crystals and the formation of calcite after the treatment. Infrared absorption analysis showed that the band due to carbonate ions was weakened after the treatment, while atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis showed that magnesium ions had been dissolved from the dentin sample. The a-axis lengths of treated and heated dentin samples differed from those of untreated and heated samples. Whitlockite was always found in the untreated/heated samples, whereas it was absent in the treated/heated samples. The unit cell dimensions of the whitlockite indicated the partial substitution of magnesium for calcium. Magnesium ions seemed to be more effective than carbonate ions in forming whitlockite. These results showed that some magnesium and carbonate ions were removed from the dentin crystal structure upon NaClO treatment, while at the same time organic materials were removed from the dentin sample. It was suggested that crystals in the NaClO-treated dentin were similar to enamel crystals from a crystallographic viewpoint. PMID- 3166008 TI - Determination of the rate of release of intra-oral mercury vapor from amalgam. AB - The experimental and analytical difficulties associated with the measurement of mercury vapor in the oral cavity are considerable. In the present paper, the objective was to measure the amount of intra-oral mercury vapor in subjects with amalgams, by means of two sets of equipment based on different functional principles. In addition, it was found that the type of mercury source prevalent in the oral cavity had to be evaluated. The measuring technique used to obtain correct results is discussed, and an evaluation of the conditions for the application of the measuring equipment available was made. It was found that the amount of mercury released from the oral cavity was time-dependent. Furthermore, the amount of mercury released with the time kept constant was almost independent of the pumping flow rate up to 8 L/min. It was found that the tissue, saliva, and the amalgam restorations were not depleted of mercury during the measuring time. The results of the Mercollector-Mercometer measurements carried out on seven subjects with nine or more occlusal surfaces restored with dental amalgam and on three subjects without any amalgam restorations revealed that the rate of mercury release was in the range 0.03-0.34 ng/sec in the former group and less than 0.01 ng/sec in the latter. Based on the experimental results and on theoretical considerations, it was concluded that the amount of mercury released per time unit is the only quantity measurable. PMID- 3166009 TI - Bacterial involvement in denture-induced stomatitis. AB - Denture and mucosal plaque samples were collected from eight full-denture wearers of whom four suffered from denture-induced stomatitis (DIS). Cultures were made, and a proportional identification to species level was carried out of bacteria and yeasts. An inventory was made of the predominant flora. Results showed that the predominant microflora of both groups, both on dentures and the denture bearing mucosa, consisted mainly of Gram-positive bacteria. Differences in the proportions of cocci were found between the predominant bacterial flora on the dentures. In the control group, 69% of the denture flora consisted of cocci, while on the dentures of the DIS group a mean of 33% cocci was found. Neither group of palates revealed any differences in the proportions of cocci. On these locations a mean of 69% was found. The plaque of dentures and the palates of the healthy group showed means of 35% and 31%, respectively, of obligate anaerobic bacteria, while in the DIS group these percentages were 56% and 43%, respectively. No obligately aerobic bacteria were found. Candida species was detected in both groups, both on dentures and palates in very low numbers (DIS group, median palates 0.02%, median dentures 0.25%). The predominant organisms were Streptococcus species, of which S. salivarius was mostly present on the palates of both groups. Other species which were regularly found at different locations were Veillonella parvula and species of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Actinomyces. PMID- 3166010 TI - How far can a frog jump? A current assessment of pulp biology research. PMID- 3166011 TI - On ethics at chairside. PMID- 3166012 TI - A solution for burnout. PMID- 3166013 TI - Specialist speaks out. PMID- 3166014 TI - Pediatric orthodontic treatment. PMID- 3166015 TI - New priorities for quality of care evaluation. PMID- 3166016 TI - Assessment of private dental practice: report of study. PMID- 3166017 TI - Focusing on quality assurance. PMID- 3166018 TI - Dental public health: the past, present, and future. American Association of Public Health Dentistry. American Board of Dental Public Health. AB - The continued recognition process of dental public health as a specialty of dentistry served as an opportunity for the specialty to rediscover and reevaluate itself. What it found was a discipline that has evolved for 38 years to address the issues of a dynamic society. Dr. Abraham Kobren, ADA past-president has stated that public health dentistry stands as the dental conscience of the nation. The changes in dental public health mirror both changes in society and the technical changes occurring in dentistry. Identifying diseases in children is giving way to identifying diseases in adults. Prevention for adults is taking on as much importance as is prevention in children. Access to dental care for the poor and homeless is as much a problem as is access to care for people with infectious diseases. Infection control, technology transfer, national oral health objectives, and a myriad of new financing mechanisms are some areas of change. What has remained constant is the specialty's goal to improve the oral health of the public, and its commitment to work through "organized community efforts" to achieve this goal. PMID- 3166020 TI - Endodontic intervention--is it paternalism? PMID- 3166019 TI - Cleaning and disinfectant properties of dental surface disinfectants. AB - The appropriate use of disinfectants for operatory surfaces constitutes a major component of a routine infection control protocol. Both the cleaning and the disinfection abilities of the various available products are important to consider when selecting a surface disinfectant. This study shows the importance of initial surface cleaning as a mandatory first step in surface asepsis. All manufacturers emphasize this in their written directions by stating that the products should be used on precleaned surfaces. Based on the inability to remove dried organic material and a lack of effective antimicrobial activity in the presence of accumulated bioburden, preparations containing high concentrations of alcohols (greater than or equal to 70%) should not be used as the sole agent for routine precleaning and disinfection. Properly diluted iodophor, sodium hypochlorite, and complex phenol preparations are superior in comparison with other disinfectants in accomplishing the initial precleaning of surfaces. PMID- 3166021 TI - A quality assurance primer for dentistry. Quality Assurance Advisory Committee. PMID- 3166022 TI - Supplement to the list of classified and certified dental materials, instruments, and equipment. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment. PMID- 3166023 TI - Prepubertal male pseudohermaphroditism due to 17-ketosteroid reductase deficiency: diagnostic value of a hCG test and lack of HLA association. AB - Most patients with male pseudohermaphroditism (MPH) due to 17-ketosteroid reductase (17-KSR) deficiency were diagnosed at or after puberty when significant virilization occurred. We report 2 prepubertal sibs (Case 1, 4 yr and Case 2, 10 yr) unambiguously raised as females, with clitoral enlargement, separate urethral and vaginal orifices and gonads palpable at the inguinal canal bilaterally. Basal serum LH, FSH, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were normal for age. delta 4-Androstenedione (delta 4-A) was slightly elevated in Case 2 but nondiagnostic. Steroid measurements after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation were compared with those of boys with male external genitalia submitted to the same hCG protocol: peak T was subnormal (Case 1, 80, Case 2, 91, vs normal 329 +/- 129 ng/dl, mean +/- 1SD), peak delta 4-A elevated (Case 1, 477, Case 2, 264, vs normal 44 +/- 26 ng/dl) resulting in an abnormally elevated delta 4-A/T ratio (Case 1, 6.0, Case 2, 2.9, vs normal 0.12 +/- 0.09) and establishing the diagnosis of 17-KSR deficiency. This diagnosis was confirmed in vitro by minimal T production when testicular tissue of both patients was incubated with tritiated delta 4-A. The 2 sibs did not share a single haplotype for the HLA complex indicating lack of association between HLA and the locus of the gene for 17-KSR. In conclusion, in 2 sibs with MPH the subnormal T and elevated delta 4-A response to the hCG test indicated the diagnosis of 17-KSR deficiency followed by orchiectomy to avoid later virilization at puberty. PMID- 3166024 TI - Net prostaglandin release by perfused rat liver after stimulation with phorbol 12 myristate 13-acetate. AB - Phorbol myristate acetate, which was shown previously to elicit eicosanoid synthesis in primary cultures of Kupffer cells, led to a net release of prostaglandins (PG) D2 and E2 from the perfused rat liver. While a substantial amount of PGD2 (the major prostaglandin of Kupffer cells) left the liver, very little PGE2 was found in the effluent. Considerable amounts of immunologically reactive PGD2 and E2 were secreted with the bile. PGE2 rather than PGD2 was able to stimulate glycogenolysis and to increase perfusion pressure. These effects were, however, strongly dependent on the direction of the flow. If the liver was perfused in a retrograde fashion, i.e., from the vena cava to the portal vein, phorbol myristate acetate or PGE2 exerted only minor effects. These observations suggest a topological heterogeneity of producer and responder cells, respectively, in the liver sinusoid. PMID- 3166025 TI - Relative lack of systemic effects of mometasone furoate on Langerhans cells of mice after topical administration as compared with other glucocorticosteroids. AB - The effects of topically applied mometasone furoate were compared with those of other glucocorticosteroids, in particular fluocinolone acetonide, in assays of murine epidermal Ia+ Langerhans cell density. No evidence of systemic effects, as determined by a decline in the density of Ia+ LC in distant sites, was detected after local topical applications (5 times a week) of mometasone furoate 0.001% for periods of up to 3 weeks. Other steroids, even in such very low concentrations, and mometasone furoate in higher concentrations, produced systemic effects on Ia+ LC when used for longer than 5 d. The recovery time of Ia+ Langerhans cells is significantly shorter after application of mometasone furoate than after fluocinolone acetonide. However, with both compounds, recovery occurred more rapidly after 3 weeks than after a 1- or 2-week interval of compound administration. PMID- 3166026 TI - Interferon-alpha n1 in children with recurrent acute lymphocytic leukemia: a phase I study of pharmacokinetics and tolerance. AB - Twelve children ages 3-15 years with relapsed acute lymphocyte leukemia (ALL) were treated over 25 days by intravenous or intramuscular administration of interferon-alpha n1 (IFN-alpha n1). Single doses ranged from 2.5 to 15 MU/m2, total doses from 60 to 200 MU/m2. Serum pharmacokinetics were determined following administration of two different doses. Calculation of area under serum concentration curve (AUC) values showed increased AUC with increased dose. Mean AUC (h x U/ml) ranged from 735 to 3986 at doses of 2.5 and 15 MU/m2, respectively, when given intramuscularly. AUC for i.v. and i.m. administration were similar. Side effects reported most commonly were fever and chills in 11 of 12 patients, nausea/vomiting in 7, mild lethargy in 3, and injection site pain in 4 of 9 treated i.m. Reversible hepatotoxicity occurred in the 3 patients receiving the highest doses, 10 then 15 MU/m2. Three patients had clinically significant bleeding associated with mildly increased coagulation studies and an additional three patients had increased coagulation parameters without bleeding. Four patients were considered to have stable disease; one treated at the highest dose level had clearance of peripheral blasts but remained in bone marrow relapse. IFN-alpha n1 as used in this study produced detectable blood levels with associated side effects. A Phase II intramuscular trial is recommended. PMID- 3166027 TI - Contamination of humidifiers in mechanical ventilators in two different changing policies. PMID- 3166029 TI - The dental benefits system. PMID- 3166028 TI - Steroidal regulation of oestradiol-17 beta dehydrogenase activity of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. AB - We have examined the direct effects of progestins, oestrogens, peptide hormones and growth factors on oestradiol-17 beta dehydrogenase (OE2DH) activity of cultures of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Cells were cultured in the presence of steroid or peptide for 6 days, after which the number of cells was determined and cellular OE2DH activity assessed. Progesterone, 6 alpha-methyl-17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone acetate, norethisterone and D(-)-norgestrel all profoundly inhibited cell mitosis and stimulated reductive (oestrone--- oestradiol-17 beta) and oxidative (oestradiol-17 beta----oestrone) OE2DH activity. Both oestrone and oestradiol-17 beta directly stimulated reductive OE2DH activity, but had no effect on the oxidative direction. Oestradiol-17 beta stimulated cell growth only in phenol-red free culture medium. Ovine prolactin, LH, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor did not alter OE2DH activity but small stimulatory effects on the growth of MCF-7 cells were exerted by prolactin and a combination of transforming growth factor with epidermal growth factor. It is concluded that these results may explain, at least in part, the alterations in mitotic activity and tissue oestradiol-17 beta levels observed in breast tissue during varying physiological and pathological conditions, such as during the menstrual cycle and in breast cancers. PMID- 3166030 TI - The business corporation and dentistry in a retail environment. PMID- 3166031 TI - The failure of the dental franchise industry. PMID- 3166032 TI - The case for/against the effectiveness of dental services advertising: implications and recommendations. PMID- 3166033 TI - Case histories of phobic dental patients. PMID- 3166034 TI - The "income approach" to dental practice valuation. PMID- 3166036 TI - Getting it off your chest. Ask me, I'm an expert. PMID- 3166035 TI - Career patterns of female versus male dentists during the first 10 years after graduation. PMID- 3166037 TI - Attitudes of dental practitioners toward practice management instruction in dental school: preliminary study of dentists in Kentucky. PMID- 3166038 TI - Energizing the human core: skills for building teamwork. PMID- 3166039 TI - Keeping myths and patients alive. PMID- 3166040 TI - Nitroimidazole for alveolar osteitis. PMID- 3166041 TI - Surgical treatment of internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint: evaluation of two techniques. AB - One hundred ten cases of internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint were treated by high condylectomy (47) and eminectomy (63) in combination with discorrhaphy and disc repair. Preoperative and postoperative findings (greater than 24 months follow-up) relating to mandibular mobility, pain, and stability of occlusion were compared. Both procedures resulted in a reduction in symptoms, but differences in postoperative findings were observed. Each procedure resulted in increased translation, with eminectomy patients exhibiting greater opening distances at endstage evaluation. In addition, a greater incidence of residual deviation to the affected side occurred in the majority of high condylectomy patients. Although pain was reduced in both groups, less residual pain was observed in the eminectomy group. Alteration in maxillomandibular centric relation was a rare finding, seen only in two high condylectomy patients. Possible factors contributing to these differences are discussed. PMID- 3166042 TI - Orbital floor reconstruction with lyophilized dura. AB - This prospective study evaluates the use of lyophilized dura in the repair of traumatic defects of the orbital floor in 15 patients with severe orbital floor fractures, rupture of the periorbita, and herniation of orbital contents into the maxillary sinus that were followed for 12 months. No complications such as implant migration, extrusion, or infection resulted. The material was easy to use, well tolerated, and replaced by connective tissue. It appears to be equal, if not superior, to alloplastic materials. PMID- 3166043 TI - Long-term bony and soft tissue stability following advancement genioplasty. AB - Twenty-three patients who had undergone advancement genioplasty were evaluated an average of over 3 years postsurgically for bone and soft tissue stability. Traced serial cephalometric radiographs revealed no discernible bony remodeling from gnathion to the menton region. Six cases showed minor posterior shifting of the inferior border segment. Although good correlation existed between hard and soft tissue movement, minor soft tissue variation occurred without obvious correlation to bony remodeling. PMID- 3166044 TI - Effect of conscious sedation with midazolam on oxygen saturation. AB - A randomized cross-over study was done to determine if significant oxygen desaturation occurs during third molar surgery under conscious sedation with midazolam to warrant supplementary oxygen. Thirty-two healthy patients of either sex, between the ages of 18 and 40 years, had bilateral symmetrically impacted lower third molar surgery under local anesthesia in two visits. Randomly at one visit the local anesthesia was supplemented with midazolam sedation. Continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and pulse were carried out. At the rate of injection with the dose of midazolam used, no significant desaturation attributable to midazolam sedation was observed. However, short periods of significant desaturation occurred with both procedures. These episodes, though of no consequence to healthy people, may produce problems in compromised patients, and indicate the importance of monitoring of oxygen saturation in all patients during minor oral surgery procedures. PMID- 3166045 TI - New techniques for reproduction of the condyle relation and reduction of complications after sagittal ramus split osteotomy of the mandible. AB - One hundred three patients underwent a modified sagittal ramus split osteotomy of the mandible. Maintenance of the temporomandibular joint relationship prior to the procedure was achieved postoperatively by using a three-dimensionally adaptable fixation bar. Techniques were also developed to avoid damage to the inferior alveolar nerve during the osteotomy and application of lag screws. These procedures avoided the disadvantages of lag screw osteosynthesis, and reduced relapse. PMID- 3166046 TI - Comparison of three methods of stabilization of particulate hydroxylapatite for augmentation of the mandibular ridge. AB - This study compares stabilization of hydroxylapatite (HA) augmented atrophic mandibular ridges using no stabilization, an acrylic stent, and a red rubber urethral catheter (RRUC). Displacement of the HA particulates were seen in 60% of the cases where the stent was used, 30% where no stabilization was used, and in no cases when the RRUC was used. PMID- 3166047 TI - Histochemical and electromyographic analysis of craniomandibular muscles in the rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta. AB - The range of fiber composition was analyzed in four regions of the temporalis muscle of four normal rhesus monkeys. The middle region of the temporalis muscle contained significantly fewer type I fibers than the anterior region. Comparison of the same region between left and right temporalis muscles showed that a bilateral symmetry existed in the composition at the different comparable levels of the muscle except for the deep anterior temporalis. Biopsies were also taken from three muscles, the superficial anterior temporalis, superficial masseter, and the digastric muscles, of ten normal adult monkeys to determine the fiber composition. Both adult male and female monkeys demonstrated a low percentage of type I fibers in the anterior temporalis (less than 25%), and twice as many type I fibers in the masseter and digastric muscles (40 to 50%). The effect of applying a constant touch-pressure to the dorsal surface of the tongue using an acrylic wedge was studied subsequently in these ten animals. Behaviorally, the animals lowered their mandible more during the first 3 months of adapting to the tactile stimulus, and lowering of the mandible was accompanied by increased electromyographic activity (EMG) of the digastric muscle, but not of the anterior temporalis or masseter muscles. In fiber composition, only the anterior temporalis demonstrated a significant shift in percentage of type I fibers with a decrease during the first 3 months. In cross-sectional area, both the anterior temporalis and digastric muscles demonstrated a significant decrease for type I fibers during the 12 month period. Lowering the postural position of the mandible had more effect on the cross-sectional area of the individual fibers than on the metabolic activity of the muscles. PMID- 3166048 TI - Comparison of meclofenamate sodium and hydrocortisone for controlling the postsurgical inflammatory response in rats. AB - The effectiveness of meclofenamate sodium and hydrocortisone in alleviation of local postsurgical swelling and leukocytic infiltration was compared at two postsurgical intervals in 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Both drugs were effective at 24 hours after surgery. Ten doses of 2 mg meclofenamate sodium administered over a 5-day period were more effective in reducing leukocytic infiltration than six doses of 2 mg hydrocortisone administered over the same period. Neither the hydrocortisone nor the meclofenamate sodium at the dosage used adversely affected osteoid formation. PMID- 3166049 TI - Deep neck and mediastinal necrotizing infection secondary to a traumatic intubation: report of a case. AB - This article describes a patient who developed a deep neck and mediastinal necrotizing infection that was initiated by a traumatic intubation. The history of the patient's illness and the surgical procedures are reviewed and anatomic and microbial considerations of deep neck infections are discussed. The combination of aggressive and extensive surgical drainage of the neck, multiple antibiotic therapy, airway management, and treatment for septic shock, arrhythmia, and cardiomyopathy resulted in survival of the patient. PMID- 3166050 TI - Epistaxis as a late complication of a gunshot wound to the maxillofacial complex. PMID- 3166051 TI - Ewing's sarcoma of the mandible: report of a case. AB - A case of Ewing's sarcoma located in the mandible of a 12-year-old boy is reported. The lesion presented as a rapidly growing soft tissue swelling of the face and was accompanied by low-grade fever, suggestive of an inflammatory disease. PMID- 3166052 TI - Kasabach-Merritt syndrome: report of a case. PMID- 3166054 TI - Mucosal tattooing to locate osseointegrated implants. PMID- 3166053 TI - Congenital median cleft of the lower lip, bifid tongue with ankyloglossia, cleft palate, and submental epidermoid cyst: report of a case. AB - An unusual case of median cleft of the lower lip associated with bifid tongue and cleft palate is described. Four years later, the child developed a submental epidermoid cyst. PMID- 3166055 TI - Comparison of cultural methods and DNA probe analyses for the detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis, and Bacteroides intermedius in subgingival plaque samples. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare DNA probe analyses to cultural methods for detecting three periodontal pathogens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis, and Bacteroides intermedius, in human subgingival plaque. Subgingival sites from patients diagnosed as either healthy or showing evidence of gingivitis or juvenile or adult periodontitis were sampled using two paper points. The number of these pathogens from one paper point was determined using microbiologic media and speciated by biochemical tests. Results were then compared to bacterial numbers obtained from the other paper point using species specific DNA probes. In 60 samples from the disease group, DNA probe analysis demonstrated 100% effectiveness in detecting A. actinomycetemcomitans and B. intermedius and 91% effectiveness in detecting B. gingivalis at culture positive levels (greater than or equal to 10(3) cells). In addition, probe assays frequently identified these pathogens in samples that were culture negative. Probe analysis revealed a better correlation between presence of a pathogen and clinical evidence of disease on an individual patient basis. In contrast, most samples taken from sites of healthy individuals showed undetectable levels of all three pathogens as determined by both techniques. These results suggest that DNA probe technology is at least equivalent and often superior to cultural methods for detecting A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. gingivalis, and B. intermedius in human subgingival plaque samples. PMID- 3166056 TI - Presence of periodontal data in patient records of general practitioners. AB - It has been reported that little diagnostic information concerning periodontal conditions is entered in patient records of general practitioners, but actual rates for such chart entries are unknown. Records of regular patients, seen at least annually, were randomly selected from the offices of 36 general practitioners in two North Carolina counties. In each office 80 records were selected for audit. After adjustment, the final sample consisted of 2488 audited records. Entries noting the presence or absence of 14 diagnostic conditions were identified for the five previous years and for the patient's most recent examination. The presence of a periodontal diagnosis or periodontal treatment plan was noted. The number of radiographic sets exposed in the previous five years and the age of the most recent set were determined for complete series/panoramic films and for bitewings. Across practices, the most frequent notations (20.5% within the past five years) concerned the presence of probing depths and calculus. Gingival bleeding (13%) and plaque (12%) were noted less frequently. A periodontal diagnosis was recorded in only 16.3% of the records. Annualized rates for radiographic sets were 0.09 for complete series/panoramic films and 0.50 for bitewings. These data suggest that, except for radiographs, the majority of patient records do not contain sufficient diagnostic information to describe patients' periodontal health. PMID- 3166057 TI - Change in attachment level. AB - Attachment level or pocket depth measurements are used to detect change in periodontal attachment. However, measurement error limits their usefulness for this purpose. The aims of this study are twofold. The first aim was to test the assumption, used in previous reports of measurement error, that attachment level measurements are normally distributed. The second aim was to estimate error rates encountered when assessing periodontal attachment level change with attachment level or pocket depth measurements. Two simulation methods are compared in their ability to reproduce the distribution of differences in replicated measurements. A simulation method based on a normal distribution was not able to reproduce the actual distribution of differences between replicate measurements. In contrast simulations based on resampling recreated the distribution of differences in replicated attachment level measurements. Due to the inability of simulations based on the normal distribution to reproduce the distribution of differences in replicated measurements, simulations based on the resampling procedure were used to estimate error rates. Determining change in attachment level or pocket depth by either single or paired measurements resulted in low Type I error rates for both single and paired measurements. For single measurements of attachment level, the Type I error rate was 0.0074 for a 3-mm change. Paired measurements of attachment level had a Type I error rate of 0.0014 for a 3-mm change. However, false-positive rates were found to be much higher. For single measurements of attachment level, the false-positive rate was 0.32 for a 3-mm change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3166058 TI - Solitary eosinophilic granuloma (histiocytosis X) of the gingiva. A report of two cases. AB - Two cases are reported in which the patients presented with solitary ulcers on the gingiva. The lesions were excised and examined histologically. A connective tissue infiltrate of large mononuclear cells was identified with immunohistochemical staining as Langerhans cells and a diagnosis of histiocytosis X was made. Further medical evaluation revealed no other lesions in one of the patients but did locate an infiltrate in the right mastoid of the other patient. Solitary lesions of histiocytosis in oral mucosa are extremely rare. The manifestations of the disease, pathogenesis, and treatment are discussed. PMID- 3166060 TI - Treatment of endodontically and periodontally involved teeth. A case report. AB - Treatment of endodontically and periodontally involved teeth requires accurate diagnosis to determine the primary cause. The case presented involves a deep periodontal pocket associated with a necrotic tooth. The cause was diagnosed as being primarily endodontic and regeneration of the attachment apparatus occurred after endodontic therapy. PMID- 3166059 TI - Oral findings in Fanconi's anemia. A case report. AB - A case of fanconi's anemia was referred to the Dental School from the Department of Pediatrics. The patient was a 24-year-old male and a product of a consanguineous marriage. His chief complaint was loose and falling teeth, which has started at the age of 16 years. The first teeth to fall out were the first permanent molars followed by mandibular and maxillary anteriors. General examination showed that the patient was of normal intelligence and small for his age. He had no palmar plantar hyperkeratosis and was not diabetic. A total of 19 teeth remained in the mouth, most of them with grade three mobility. The remaining molars and first maxillary premolars had grade three furcation involvement. Most of the teeth had periodontal pockets more than 10 mm deep. Full mouth intraoral periapical radiographs and orthopantomographic views showed severe horizontal bone loss uncommensurate with the patient's age. In view of the patient's history and severe bone loss at an early age, the diagnosis was juvenile periodontitis associated with Fanconi's anemia. PMID- 3166061 TI - Severe localized destruction of the periodontium secondary to subgingival displacement of an elastic band. Report of a case. AB - A seven-year-old male with localized severe periodontal destruction at the maxillary central incisior region presented for treatment. There was a history of acute trauma, but local factors were inconsistent with the clinical picture. Initial treatment consisting of palliative nonsurgical debridement coupled with systemic tetracycline resulted in a more chronic lesion with progressive bone loss. Surgical entry revealed an elastic band close to the apices of the central incisors. Removal of the etiologic agent has resulted in increased radiographic bone density and decreased probing depths. Periodontal lesions induced by elastic bands are difficult to diagnose but have several features in common that may aid in rapid diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3166063 TI - The economic contributions of dental hygienists' activities to dental practice: review of the literature. PMID- 3166062 TI - Ventromedial hypothalamus is highly sensitive to prostaglandin E2 for producing fever in rabbits. AB - 1. The febrile responses induced by intraventricular or intrapreoptic (bilateral) injections of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were investigated in the same group of rabbits. Both injections produced dose-dependent fever over a range of 100-2000 ng. However the magnitude of febrile responses induced by ventricular injections was significantly greater than those by intrapreoptic injections. This indicates that there exist regions more sensitive to PGE2 than the preoptic region for producing fever. 2. To explore the regions sensitive to PGE2, the effects of microinjection (1 microliter) of PGE2 (50 and 100 ng) on the rectal temperature were extensively examined in the forty regions of the brain stem. The results showed that the preoptic and anterior hypothalamic region, and the ventromedial hypothalamic region are highly sensitive to PGE2 for producing fever. 3. The febrile responses to PGE2 (50-1000 ng) microinjected into the preoptic region were compared with those induced by injection in the ventromedial hypothalamic region. Fever induced by injection in the ventromedial hypothalamic region was significantly greater than that by injection into the preoptic region. 4. Fever induced by PGE2 injected into the ventromedial hypothalamic region was due to increased heat production in the cold environment (10 degrees C), while in 24 degrees C environment heat losses were reduced without significant changes in heat production. 5. The present results show that the ventromedial hypothalamic region is the most sensitive region to PGE2 for producing fever. PMID- 3166064 TI - Fissure sealant knowledge and characteristics of parents as a function of their child's sealant status. AB - A survey was conducted to identify and compare sealant knowledge and sources of sealant information of parents whose children had and had not received fissure sealants. The socioeconomic characteristics of these individuals were also compared. The sealant group was composed of the parents of children found to have a sealant on at least one permanent tooth during dental examinations of 2,036 elementary schoolchildren in southwestern Michigan. Another group of children was selected from the same population and matched to the children with sealants by child's age, sex, school location, and community. Surveys were returned by 210 of 260 sets of parents (81% response rate). Significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to parents' ages and levels of income. Parents of children with sealants had more correct information about the procedure and 74 percent of these individuals reported that the dental office was their primary source of information. For the group without sealants, 48 percent of respondents reported no source of sealant information. Findings suggest that dental personnel may strongly influence dissemination of information about sealants and utilization of this preventive procedure. PMID- 3166067 TI - Preliminary report on the symposium "Criteria for Placement and Replacement of Dental Restorations". PMID- 3166065 TI - Oral health status, knowledge, and practices in an Amish population. AB - This study was conducted in the summer of 1985 to assess the oral health status, knowledge, and practices of an Amish population in southwest Michigan. Dental caries experience, periodontal health, and oral hygiene status were recorded using decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS), periodontal index (PI), and simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S). Data on oral health knowledge and practices were collected by interviews using a structured questionnaire. Results showed significantly lower levels of disease among Amish. DMFS scores for 5-17 year-old Amish children were almost half that of the US general population (NIDR 1979-80). PI score of all ages combined was 2.0, which was 3.6 times lower than a national sample (1971-74). Lower levels of disease in Amish could be related to their way of life and dietary patterns. A relatively higher level of unmet need for prosthodontic care, inadequate oral health knowledge, and barriers to dental care in the study population emphasize the need for dental public health and health education programs. PMID- 3166066 TI - School dental health in Honduras. AB - Project HOPE has been working with the Honduran government since 1983 to establish educational programs for health workers and improve the country's health care services. The Ministry of Health in Honduras, under the direction of the president, is planning a new emphasis on preventive dentistry. The feasibility of community water fluoridation is being examined, and dental health programs have been implemented in pilot schools around the country. The Ministry of Health plans to expand these pilot programs to include all elementary schools in Honduras. This article describes the dental health services in Honduras and the government's effort to establish a nationwide school dental health program with emphasis on preventive dentistry. PMID- 3166068 TI - Surgeon general's workshop on health promotion and aging March 20-23, 1988. Recommendations on oral (dental) health). PMID- 3166069 TI - Release of prostaglandin F-2 alpha and the timing of events associated with luteolysis in ewes with oestrous cycles of different lengths. AB - Ewes (N = 32) were bled every 2 h from 5 days before expected oestrus until the end of oestrus. Plasma concentrations were determined for progesterone to monitor luteal activity and for the prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGF-2 alpha) metabolites, 15 keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF-2 alpha and 11-ketotetranor-PGF to determine uterine synthesis and release of PGF-2 alpha. Most of the variation in cycle length was associated with the time of onset of luteolysis, the timing of events after luteolysis being constant and not related to cycle length. The time of occurrence of the first PGF-2 alpha pulse and the interval between this pulse and the start of luteolysis were the two main determinants responsible for oestrous cycle length. Several PGF-2 alpha pulses with interpulse intervals of 15.9 h occurred before the onset of functional luteolysis compared with 7.7 h for pulses associated with luteolysis. The numbers of PGF-2 alpha pulses and interpulse intervals were similar for oestrous cycles of different lengths. While a gradual decline in progesterone concentrations was observed before functional luteolysis in the ewes with longer cycles, this did not appear to be an integral part of the stimulus which initiates the pulse frequency of PGF-2 alpha required for luteolysis. We therefore suggest that differences in oestrous cycle length in the ewe are determined by the time of the onset of PGF-2 alpha pulsatile release, and especially by the time of increased pulse frequency. PMID- 3166070 TI - Modification of prostaglandin F-2 alpha synthesis and release in the ewe during the initial establishment of pregnancy. AB - Pregnant (N = 10) and non-pregnant (N = 10) ewes were bled every 2 h from Days 12 to 17 after oestrus (oestrus = Day 0). Plasma concentrations of progesterone, 15 keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF-2 alpha and 11-ketotetranor-PGF metabolites were determined in all samples. The number of PGF-2 alpha pulses in non-pregnant ewes was 8.2 +/- 0.4 (mean +/- s.e.m.) with an interpulse interval of 10.7 +/- 0.7 h. Two or 3 pulses of low frequency (interpulse interval = 13.4 +/- 1.6 h) occurred in most non-pregnant ewes before the onset of luteolysis; the interpulse interval then decreased to 7.9 +/- 0.4 h for the 6.0 +/- 0.3 pulses temporally associated with luteolysis. In contrast, the number of PGF-2 alpha pulses in pregnant ewes was lower (2.5 +/- 0.7, 0-8) and the interpulse intervals longer (18.9 +/- 6.1 h). Most pulses occurred on Days 14 and 15 in the pregnant and non-pregnant ewes. The mean concentrations of both PGF-2 alpha metabolites in non-pregnant ewes were highest on Day 15 while basal levels of both metabolites remained constant at all times. In pregnant ewes, the mean concentrations of both metabolites were highest on Day 14; basal concentrations of both metabolites were also highest on Day 14. The mean concentrations of 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF-2 alpha were higher in pregnant than in non-pregnant ewes on Days 13 and 14 (P less than 0.05) and higher in non-pregnant than pregnant ewes on Day 15 (P less than 0.05). The basal concentrations of the 15-keto metabolite were higher in pregnant than non pregnant ewes at Days 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 (P less than 0.05). Both the mean and the basal concentrations of 11-ketotetranor-PGF metabolites were higher in pregnant than in non-pregnant ewes on Day 14 (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that uterine production of PGF-2 alpha peaks at Days 14-15 after oestrus in pregnant and non-pregnant ewes. Patterns of release differ, however, in that non pregnant ewes have a pulsatile PGF-2 alpha pattern superimposed on a constant baseline, while pregnant ewes have an increasing basal secretory pattern which is more nearly continuous, i.e. not pulsatile in form. Modification of pulsatile PGF 2 alpha synthesis and release is therefore a key aspect of prolongation of luteal function at the beginning of pregnancy in the ewe. PMID- 3166071 TI - Cytogenetic analysis of melanocytes from premalignant nevi and melanomas. AB - We karyotypically analyzed cultured melanocytes from a variety of lesions, including congenital and dysplastic nevi, primary melanoma, and metastatic melanoma. The cells derived from congenital nevi had normal karyotypes, as did 22 of the 26 cultures derived from dysplastic nevi. The karyotypes of melanocytes from primary and metastatic melanomas were all abnormal. The only chromosome change in common between the nevi with abnormal karyotypes and the melanomas was the loss of one copy of chromosome 9 (two of four nevi and four of 11 melanomas, including three from the same patient) or the loss of the short arm of chromosome 9, especially of region 9pter-p22 (three of 11 melanomas). We suggest that deletion of a gene or genes on 9p, possibly interferon genes, is an initial step in the malignant transformation of melanocytes. PMID- 3166072 TI - Using normal gene as template may offer means of 'in-place' genetic repair. PMID- 3166073 TI - The occurrence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia shortly after the cessation of human growth hormone therapy. AB - We encountered a case of a 21-year-old man who had developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) shortly after the cessation of approximately six years' human growth hormone treatment for pituitary dwarfism. The patient had also been treated with thyroid preparations and methylandrostanolone, a kind of anabolic steroid. Factors relating to the onset of ALL in this case are discussed. PMID- 3166074 TI - Dissolution of antisecretory and cytoprotective action of PGE2 in rats. AB - Oral administration of 60% ethanol in 150 mM HCl (HCl.ethanol) to rats produced gastric mucosal lesions within 1 hr. PGE2 given s.c. at 0.1 to 3 mg/kg 0.5 hr before HCl.ethanol significantly prevented the lesion formation. The protection afforded with 3 mg/kg of PGE2 persisted for 6 or 12 hr after administration. PGE2 given s.c. at 3 mg/kg significantly inhibited gastric secretion in pylorus ligated and intact rats, but the action disappeared 6 hr later. PMID- 3166075 TI - Piroxicam inhibits the growth of an adenocarcinoma isograft in Fischer rats. AB - The effect of piroxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on a transplantable adenocarcinoma in Fischer rats was studied. Forty male Fischer rats were injected with 1 X 10(6) DMH-F317 adenocarcinoma cells, and after 2 weeks were assigned to be treated with piroxicam or carrier solution. The groups were as follows: Group 1, control; Group 2, 4.0 mg/kg piroxicam; Group 3, 6.0 mg/kg piroxicam; and Group 4, 8.0 mg/kg piroxicam. Thirty-nine of forty rats developed measurable tumors during this study. At the conclusion, 60% (6/10) of the rats in Group 2 were tumor free compared to 0/10 controls, 0/10 Group 3 rats, and 1/8 Group 4 rats. (P less than 0.005, chi 2). Mean tumor volumes (mm3) were calculated for each group and converted to log10. At Week 6, the mean log10 tumor volume (+/- SEM) for Group 2 was 1.5 +/- 0.6 vs 4.1 +/- 0.1 for Group 1 (P less than 0.05). The mean log10 volume for Group 3 was 3.8 +/- 0.1 (P less than 0.05 vs Group 2). The mean log10 volume for Group 4 was 3.4 +/- 0.05 and was not significantly different from that for Group 2 (P greater than 0.05). Plasma PGE2 levels for each treatment group were determined at the conclusion of the study and no statistical difference between treatment groups was found. It is concluded that piroxicam inhibits tumor growth in this model, and may have a role as a biological response modifier in cancer therapy. PMID- 3166076 TI - RAS mutations in myelodysplasia detected by amplification, oligonucleotide hybridization, and transformation. AB - Members of the RAS gene family have been implicated in many neoplasms with activating mutations around amino acid positions 12 and 61. We have assessed the mutational activation of H, K, and NRAS in myelodysplasia (MDS) by polymerase chain reaction and hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotide probes. Using this method, point mutations in codons 12/13 and 61 of these RAS genes were detected in 20 of 50 patients including two with refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS). Ten normal individuals had no detectable RAS mutations. In 11 instances, DNA from patients with detectable RAS mutations were shown to register in either NIH3T3 focus-forming or nude mouse tumorigenicity assays. In addition, one patient (RARS) was shown to have an activated NRAS gene detected by a tumorigenicity assay and Southern blot analyses. Two MDS patients had mutations detected in two different RAS genes. DNA from one of these patients was observed to give rise to transformants with activated N and HRAS. Two patients with detectable NRAS mutations in the MDS stage progressed to AML and DNA from the AML stage registered positively in a transformation assay with NRAS activation. These results show that RAS mutations can occur at early, as well as late, stages of leukemic progression. The incidence of RAS mutations appears to be significantly higher in CMML than in the other subgroups (p = 0.02). PMID- 3166077 TI - In vivo uptake of daunorubicin by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells measured by flow cytometry. AB - Monitoring of daunorubicin (DNR) concentrations in leukemic cells in blood and bone marrow in vivo of patients with acute myeloid leukemia may yield insight into the interindividual variations of the clinical response to treatment. We evaluated the applicability of flow cytometry for measuring DNR uptake in direct comparison with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro studies revealed good correlations between the mean cellular fluorescence measured by flow cytometry and the cellular DNR concentrations determined with HPLC. In vivo cell measurements were then obtained in 17 evaluable patients during their first remission induction treatment with DNR and cytosine arabinoside. The results indicate that: (a) DNR fluorescence of leukemic blast cells is intermediate between the smaller lymphocytes and the approximately equally large granulocytes; (b) DNR fluorescence of peripheral blast cells and bone marrow blast cells correlate well (p less than 0.001); and (c) patients reaching complete remission show a tendency of higher DNR fluorescence of leukemic blast cells than do partial responders. PMID- 3166078 TI - Agents which modify mono-ADP ribosylation can influence the differentiation of hemopoietic cells. AB - Mono-ADP ribosylation is a post-transcriptional modification of proteins which can alter their biological properties. Particular substrates for this reaction are the GTP-binding proteins involved in the adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C second messenger pathways. Consequently, mono-ADP ribosylation may be an important element in intracellular signaling. Cholera toxin is a potent mono-ADP ribosyl transferase, while benzylaminododecylguanine hydrochloride (BADGH) is an inhibitor of cholera toxin-induced ADP ribosylation. We have used these compounds to modulate the effects of inducers of differentiation in HL-60 cells. Cholera toxin, although unable to induce differentiation itself, synergized with inducers of both granulocytic and monocytic differentiation. In contrast, BADGH selectively inhibited the growth of undifferentiated cells. These effects imply regulatory roles for substrates for mono-ADP ribosylation both in the proliferation of undifferentiated cells and in the early stages of differentiation. PMID- 3166079 TI - DNA, RNA, and protein content in adult acute myeloid leukemia: effects of cytostatic drugs in vivo. AB - DNA, RNA, and/or protein cellular content were studied by flow cytometry in 52 cases of acute myeloid leukemia before and on day 4 of remission induction treatment. Bone marrow (BM) samples were stained after fixation by acridine orange for DNA and RNA content (37 cases) and by propidium iodide and fluorescein isothiocyanate for DNA and protein content (52 cases). A positive correlation was found between pretreatment protein content and BM blast involvement: the higher the percentage of blasts in BM smears the higher the mean protein content (p less than 0.05). Protein content was higher in monoblastic leukemia (M4 and M5) than in the granulocytic types (M1, M2, M3) (p less than 0.05). S + G2 + M was higher in patients with protein content below 80 arbitrary units than in the subgroup with protein content above this threshold (p less than 0.05). Pretreatment RNA content, estimated by the RNase-sensitive fraction of G1 cells, was significantly higher in undifferentiated and M1 leukemias than in the other cytological groups (p less than 0.0001). This fraction was higher in patients who subsequently achieved complete remission, but it was not related to BM blast involvement or proliferative fraction of cells. During cytostatic treatment the changes in RNA and protein content did not follow a typical pattern. The connections between variations of DNA, RNA, and protein content and prognosis are examined and their possible relation to drug-induced blast cell maturation is discussed. PMID- 3166080 TI - Deletion of chromosome 2 is an early event in the development of radiation induced myeloid leukemia in SJL/J mice. AB - In this study we have analyzed the chromosomal changes in the preleukemic phase in SJL/J mice treated with radiation and acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) induced by radiation alone or with additional corticosteroid treatment. SJL/J mice exposed to 300 rad whole body irradiation developed a low incidence of AML (20 25%) that could be markedly increased (to 50-70%) by additional coleukemogenic treatment with corticosteroids. Partial deletion in one chromosome 2 was found in 100% of bone marrow and spleen cells of leukemic animals in both treatment modalities, whereas the age-matched controls exhibited a normal karyotype. Five types of deletion were observed according to site and size, but region D through G was the common missing part in all five types of chromosome 2 deletion. The occurrence of chromosome 2 deletion was also tested among bone marrow cells removed from 17 mice, 4 months after exposure to 300 rad whole body irradiation, long before the time when AML development is expected. About 80% of the mice tested had different levels of deleted chromosome 2 among their bone marrow population. Cytological and histological examination of bone marrow and spleen of most tested animals showed a normal hematologic picture. These results suggest that the marker chromosome is related to the process of radiation-induced initiation of AML in SJL/J mice. PMID- 3166081 TI - Treatment of Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia with alpha-interferon. PMID- 3166082 TI - A hereditary form of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3166083 TI - Pharmacokinetics of epirubicin in man. Non-influence of alpha interferon. AB - The influence of alpha interferon on the plasma pharmacokinetics of epirubicin has been studied in five patients with bronchial cancer. The pharmacokinetic studies of epirubicin (100 mg m-2) were performed prior to and immediately after a 3 wk period with daily natural alpha interferon treatment (6 x 10(6) IU i.m.). None of the patients had been treated with antracyclines or interferon prior to entering the present study. The plasma pharmacokinetics of epirubicin were most adequately described by a three compartment open model both prior to and after the interferon treatment. The interferon treatment had no influence on the pharmacokinetics of epirubicin (AUC, Cmax, terminal half life). PMID- 3166084 TI - A clinical study of CA-50 as a tumour marker for monitoring of colorectal cancer. AB - Using a radioimmunoassay we have determined serum levels of the carcinoma associated antigen CA-50 in 266 patients with colorectal cancer. Elevated CA-50 levels were found in Dukes' A (15%), Dukes' B (43%), Dukes' C (31%) and Dukes' D (65%). Patients who had developed a recurrence had 66% elevated levels. 25% of resected patients with no evidence of disease also had elevated CA-50 levels. From 139 patients operated on for a Dukes' A-C, a rise in CA-50 levels from the pre- to the 6-9 month post-operative sample was demonstrated in 12 cases in the absence of any clinical evidence for a recurrence. On follow-up, a recurrence later developed in all these cases with lead times of CA-50 titre rises ranging from 5 to 40 months. A rise in CA-50 levels after resection of a Dukes' A-C is indicative of a recurrence and may precede any clinical evidence of disease by several months or years. Data is also presented from 552 cases with colorectal cancer analysed with a immunoradiometric assay. PMID- 3166085 TI - Different distribution of DNA polymerases alpha and beta in bone marrow and peripheral blood from human leukemia. AB - An activity gel method was used to analyze the catalytic polypeptides of polymerases alpha and beta in human acute myeloblastic and lymphoblastic leukemia. A 175 kDa alpha-polymerase was found in 85% of bone marrow and in 57% of peripheral blood samples. At variance, a 40 kDa beta-polymerase was found in 94% of peripheral blood and only in 12% of bone marrow samples. No difference in the pattern of polymerase expression was found according to the type of leukemia and the disease status. The role of these enzymes in leukemia and their implications in drug sensitivity are discussed. PMID- 3166086 TI - 6-Mercaptopurine in cerebrospinal fluid during oral maintenance therapy of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - In three children receiving oral remission maintenance therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the concentrations of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma and red blood cells were compared. CSF samples were obtained from an Ommaya reservoir previously inserted for treatment of CNS relapse. At the time of the study, the children were all in remission and had been on oral 6-MP (42-63 mg m-2) once daily for at least 24 weeks. Immediately before dose intake on the day of study (about 24 h after last dose), the concentrations of 6-MP in CSF, plasma and red blood cells were rather similar and below 20 ng ml-1 in all patients. After dose intake, the concentrations in plasma and in red blood cells increased to 40-200 ng nl-1 within 0.5-4 h. In contrast, the concentration of 6-MP in the CSF remained fairly constant around 4-10 ng ml-1 throughout the time period studied (up to 4 h). It is concluded that 6-MP can be detected in CSF during oral maintenance therapy and that the drug has different pharmacokinetic profile in CSF to that in plasma and red blood cells. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the significance of the 6-MP concentrations obtained in CSF for the prevention of CNS relapse. PMID- 3166087 TI - CRP concentration in a patient with acute leukaemia and bone marrow infarction. AB - A patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, CRP increase and bone marrow infarction is described. Bone marrow infarction must be suspected in a patient with leukaemia, skeletal pain, fever and CRP increase. PMID- 3166088 TI - [Burkitt's lymphoma in a patient, a parenteral drug addict, with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3166089 TI - [An association of Paget's disease and chronic myeloid leukemia]. PMID- 3166090 TI - Peritonsillar and neck abscesses in the pediatric age group. AB - A retrospective study was performed on 93 abscesses in children admitted for diagnosis and treatment at Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital, University Hospitals of Cleveland, during a 15-year period from 1972 to 1987. Forty-five percent were peritonsillar, 20.5% superficial neck, 21.5% submandibular submental, 9.6% retropharyngeal, and 3.4% parapharyngeal. All four complications resolved without sequelae. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment were of paramount importance to achieve a low complication rate and a short hospital stay. Bacteriology and antibiotic therapy, as well as surgical treatment, are discussed. PMID- 3166091 TI - Vitamin A analogues in pregnancy. PMID- 3166092 TI - Manipulating our genes. Tough choices for the next decade. PMID- 3166093 TI - [Gingival hyperplasia due to diphenylhydantoin, cyclosporin A and nifedipine. A histopathological comparison]. PMID- 3166094 TI - [Leukocyte function and the oral environment. An experimental assessment method in relation to periodontal pathology]. PMID- 3166095 TI - [Therapy of class V carious lesions: possible mucogingival solutions]. PMID- 3166096 TI - [Treatment of the patient at risk in oral medicine]. PMID- 3166097 TI - [Results of radiotherapy alone or combined with surgery and chemotherapy in the treatment of carcinomas of the oral cavity in an advanced stage]. PMID- 3166098 TI - [Verrucous carcinoma. 2 clinical cases]. PMID- 3166099 TI - [Follicular cysts. A peculiar clinical case]. PMID- 3166100 TI - [A case of an unusual accident: impalement of the face]. PMID- 3166101 TI - [Osteopetrosis. A clinical case]. PMID- 3166102 TI - [Internal root resorption. Description of a clinical case]. PMID- 3166103 TI - [Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies on the elevation mechanism of cancer associated antigens, CEA and CA19-9, in patients with colorectal cancer]. AB - Correlation between CEA and CA19-9 levels of peripheral and draining venous blood, and 12 histopathologic and immunohistochemical variables, was examined in 108 patients with colorectal cancer. CEA levels of draining blood (mean 62.7 ng/ml and positive rate greater than 5 ng/ml, 63.9%) were significantly higher than those (16.3 ng/ml and 31.5%) of peripheral blood. However, CA19-9 levels (mean 576 U/ml and positive rate greater than 37 U/ml, 29.5%) of draining blood were not different from those (568.0 U/ml and 29.5%) of peripheral blood. Histochemically, CEA was observed in all of the 83 specimens and distributed in almost of all cancer cells, although CA19-9 was found in 52 (62.5%) of 83 specimens and focally localized in some part of cancer lesions. Elevation of CEA levels in draining and peripheral blood was most highly correlated with grade of venous invasion and its layer of colorectal wall. While, elevation of CA19-9 levels in both draining and peripheral blood was most highly associated with grade of lymphatic invasion and node metastasis. CEA levels of peripheral blood was negative in 9 (47.4%) of 19 patients with liver metastasis. However, the levels of draining blood was negative only one (5.3%) of these patients and the mean value (273.6 ng/ml) was much greater than that (59.6 ng/ml) of peripheral blood. These results suggest that CEA may be haematogenously drained by the portal system via the draining vein from the cancer cells in the invasive veins, and that CA19-9 may be drained by the thoracic duct of lymphatic system. It is also suggested that the measurement of CEA, especially in draining blood, and CA19-9 may be available to predict the metastasis and/or recurrence of different organs such as the liver, lymph node and so on. PMID- 3166104 TI - Physical characterization of a monoamine-sulfating form of phenol sulfotransferase from human platelets. AB - The purification to homogeneity and physical characterization of a monoamine sulfating form of phenol sulfotransferase (PST) from human platelets is described. DEAE-cellulose chromatography of a 100,000 x g supernatant solution of homogenized human platelets revealed the presence of two peaks of both dopamine- and phenol-sulfating activity, termed M- and P-PST, respectively. The latter dopamine-sulfating form eluting from the ion exchange column, MII-PST, was purified approximately 10,000-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity by Sephacryl S 200 HR and 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate-agarose chromatography. The final specific activity of the enzyme was 930 nmol/min/mg of protein. As determined by the hydrodynamic properties of MII-PST, the native Mr was approximately 69,000. The frictional ratio (f/fo) was estimated to be 1.28, indicating that the enzyme possesses a relatively low degree of asymmetry. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the affinity-purified enzyme revealed the presence of single Mr species of approximately 34,000, suggesting that MII-PST exists as a homodimer in vivo. Isoelectric focusing of purified MII PST yielded a single protein species with a pl of 4.7. The sulfhydryl-modifying reagent N-ethylmaleimide (50 microM) was found to inactivate MII-PST in a time dependent manner. This inactivation was totally prevented by saturating concentrations of 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate, whereas dopamine bestowed only partial protection to the enzyme. These results suggest that at least one sulfhydryl moiety is present at the active site of MII-PST. PMID- 3166105 TI - Analysis of donor and host contributions to regenerated muscle grafts in the mouse. PMID- 3166106 TI - Phorbol ester binding to isolated muscle satellite cells compared to fetal myogenic cells from the rat. PMID- 3166107 TI - Diethylcarbamazine prophylaxis for human loiasis. Results of a double-blind study. AB - To determine whether infection with Loa loa could be prevented in temporary residents of endemic areas, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of diethylcarbamazine as a chemoprophylactic agent. Diethylcarbamazine (300 mg) or placebo was taken orally once a week by Peace Corps volunteers serving in Gabon, Cameroon, and the Central African Republic. The participants were assessed clinically and with serologic and parasitologic testing before and yearly during their two years of service. One hundred one persons satisfactorily completed the study. In Gabon (where exposure to the parasite was heaviest), 6 of 20 volunteers (30 percent) in the placebo group had clinical disease, as compared with none of 16 (0 percent) in the diethylcarbamazine-treated group (P less than 0.02). Of those taking placebo, 10 of 20 (50 percent) became seropositive for antifilarial IgG antibody, as compared with 2 of 16 (12 percent) in the drug-treated group (P less than 0.02). Exposure to the parasite appeared to be much lower among the 65 Peace Corps volunteers in Cameroon and the Central African Republic. No volunteer in either group in these countries had overt loiasis; 2 of 40 (5 percent) in the placebo groups in Cameroon and the Central African Republic seroconverted, as compared with none of 25 (0 percent) of those receiving diethylcarbamazine. Occasional nausea was the only symptom significantly associated with the prophylactic drug regimen. We conclude that diethylcarbamazine given orally once weekly can be an effective, acceptable chemoprophylactic agent to prevent loiasis in temporary residents of regions of Africa where Loa loa is endemic. PMID- 3166109 TI - Discontinuing mechanical ventilators. PMID- 3166110 TI - AIDS test for one-in-three newborns. PMID- 3166108 TI - Termination of early pregnancy by the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor epostane. AB - Progesterone is essential to sustain pregnancy in the first eight weeks. Its synthesis requires the enzyme 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HSD). We tested the efficacy of an orally administered 3-HSD inhibitor, epostane, in terminating unwanted early pregnancy. Fifty women in the fifth through eight weeks of pregnancy took epostane (200 mg orally every six hours) for seven days. By day 14, pregnancy had been terminated in 42 of the 50 patients (84 percent). Eight women (16 percent) did not abort and underwent dilation and curettage. Vaginal blood loss occurred on average on the third day of epostane treatment, and abortion on the fifth day. Two patients had incomplete abortions; one required a transfusion because of blood loss. Nausea was frequent (in 86 percent), but 76 percent of the participants concluded that epostane was preferable to dilation and curettage. The mean (+/- SD) pretreatment progesterone level (76 +/- 16 nmol per liter) decreased by day 7 (to 16 +/- 11 nmol per liter) and day 14 (to 10 +/- 9 nmol per liter) in those who aborted; levels of human chorionic gonadotropin also decreased from the mean at base line (73 +/- 72 kIU per liter) to 18 +/- 7 kIU per liter on day 7 and 9 +/- 5 kIU per liter on day 14. In those who did not abort after epostane treatment, progesterone levels decreased only slightly by day 7 (to 52 +/- 21 nmol per liter) and rose again (to 81 +/- 18 nmol per liter) by day 14. Among women who responded to epostane, normal menstrual periods had resumed by day 42 after the beginning of treatment in 72 percent. We conclude that epostane taken orally is an effective and safe method for the noninvasive termination of undesired early pregnancy. PMID- 3166111 TI - [Measures for protecting hospital personnel in their occupational tasks against contamination with the causative agent of AIDS]. PMID- 3166112 TI - [Management in exposure to possibly infectious blood via the skin or mucous membranes]. PMID- 3166113 TI - [The HIV check, rapid but reliable?]. PMID- 3166114 TI - Urinary excretion and glomerular synthesis of prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha in cirrhotic, non-ascitic rats: the effects of sodium overload. AB - The urinary excretion of aldosterone, kallikrein and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was studied in sodium-retaining (RC) and nonretaining (NRC), nonascitic cirrhotic rats, under basal conditions and after an oral sodium load (5 mmol). The glomerular synthesis of PGE2 was measured in RC rats under the same conditions. Both groups of cirrhotic animals showed a decreased urinary excretion of PGE2. Isolated glomeruli of RC rats produced less PGE2 than those of the control animals, both under basal conditions and after the sodium load. The NRC group was the only one able to increase the urinary excretion of kallikrein in response to the sodium load. These findings could contribute to explain the early physiopathological events of hepatic cirrhosis. PMID- 3166116 TI - "Calcium metabolism and teeth". PMID- 3166117 TI - Scrutinizing dental innovation. PMID- 3166118 TI - Compulsory continuing dental education. PMID- 3166115 TI - Intrathecal humoral immunologic response in neurologically symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. AB - We analyzed the intrathecal humoral immunologic response in 42 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Eighteen patients had clinical neurologic abnormalities, while the remaining 24 patients were neurologically symptom-free. Nine of the neurologically symptomatic patients at early infection had slight neurologic dysfunction; in nine other subjects at late infection, the neurologic impairment was moderate or severe. When compared with symptom-free patients, neurologically symptomatic patients had increased intra-blood-brain barrier (BBB) HIV-specific IgG (p less than 0.001) and total IgG synthesis (p less than 0.01) with oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in the CSF and/or serum (11/18 versus 3/24). At early stages of the infection, neurologically symptomatic patients showed increased total intrathecal IgG synthesis (9/9) coincident with OCBs in the CSF and serum (7/9) and slight mononuclear pleocytosis (7/9), but less frequent HIV-specific IgG production within the CNS (6/9). In advanced infection, the number of neurologically symptomatic patients with intrathecal HIV specific IgG synthesis (8/9) was higher, while the number of those with increased total intra-BBB IgG synthesis (5/9; p less than 0.01), OCBs (4/9), and increased CSF leukocyte count (1/9; p less than 0.001) was lower than at early infection. Our data suggest humoral intra-BBB immunoactivation at early stages of HIV infection followed by declining B cell response within the CNS at advanced infection. PMID- 3166119 TI - How quickly does diet make for change? A study in gingival inflammation. PMID- 3166120 TI - Knockout punch for AIDS in Nevada. PMID- 3166121 TI - Periodontal disease and AIDS. PMID- 3166122 TI - Ph1-chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia following a 1-year 'off therapy' acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - In this paper we describe a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia followed after 4 years by a Ph1-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. The possible relationship between these two diseases is discussed. PMID- 3166124 TI - [139 AIDS cases]. PMID- 3166125 TI - [Use of medicines in a Norwegian nursing home]. PMID- 3166123 TI - Characterization of the translocation breakpoint in a patient with Philadelphia positive, bcr negative acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - Approximately 5% of children and 10-20% of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) have a chromosome translocation t(9;22) which at the cytogenetic level appears identical to that in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). The t(9;22) translocation was first recognised in CML patients by its 22q- or Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. While all Ph positive CML patients so far described have a chromosome 22 breakpoint within the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) located in the 3' part of the phl gene, only some Ph positive ALL patients have breakpoints in bcr. We have cloned the breakpoint of the 9q+ chromosome from the DNA of a Ph positive ALL patient in whom there is no breakpoint in the bcr. The non chromosome 9 sequences of the breakpoint region are shown to be derived from chromosome 22. The breakpoint in chromosome 22 is shown to be the first intron of the phl gene about 66kb upstream of the bcr. Using probes from this intron, rearrangements were detected in the DNA of two out of twelve additional Ph positive, bcr negative ALL patients. PMID- 3166126 TI - [Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. Dislocation of the temporomandibular disc]. PMID- 3166127 TI - [Occlusal equilibration in Java (Indonesia)]. PMID- 3166128 TI - [Is aluminium in toothpastes a health risk?]. PMID- 3166130 TI - [Directions in development of dental health care]. PMID- 3166129 TI - [Follow-up report of fifty one 19-year old patients after orthognathic treatment obtained from interviews]. PMID- 3166131 TI - [Torus mandibularis and muscular hyperactivity]. PMID- 3166132 TI - Expression of tandem gene fusions in transgenic tobacco plants. AB - We have studied the expression of four sets of tandem gene fusions in transgenic tobacco plants. This was to determine if the problem of between-transformant variability in expression of introduced genes could be overcome by using a linked reference gene as a co-ordinately expressed control. Tandem gene fusions containing identical 5' flanking regions (SSU301-ocs with either SSU301-cat or SSU301-SSU911) were not co-ordinately expressed in the transgenic tobacco plants whereas the tandem gene fusions containing similar but not identical 5' flanking regions (SSU301-ocs with SSU911-cat or SSU911-SSU301) were co-ordinately expressed. The lack of co-ordinate expression of some of the tandem gene fusions appears to be partially explained by absence of the corresponding genomic DNA segments in the transgenic plants. PMID- 3166133 TI - A quick and easy method for the purification of DNA from chorionic villus samples. PMID- 3166134 TI - CAT constructs with convenient sites for cloning and generating deletions. PMID- 3166135 TI - [Large doses of cytarabine, etoposide and methotrexate (CEM protocol) in the treatment of lymphoblastic leukemia in adults, resistant to conventional treatment, and of recurrences]. PMID- 3166136 TI - [Preliminary evaluation of the results of treatment of myeloblastic leukemia using the AML-BFM-83 protocol based on data from the Polish Group for the Treatment of Leukemia in Children]. PMID- 3166137 TI - Haloperidol and metabolite concentrations in the rat after concurrent isotretinoin administration: a preliminary report. AB - Blood and tissue haloperidol concentrations can be altered by the concurrent administration of a number of other drugs. Here we describe effects of concurrent administration of the vitamin A metabolite, isotretinoin, on haloperidol and reduced haloperidol concentrations in the rat. Isotretinoin increased the concentrations of both haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in serum, red blood cells, and brain. However, the dose dependence and degree of the effect varied significantly across tissues. Further study is called for to elucidate the interaction of neuroleptics such as haloperidol with the vitamin A acids such as isotretinoin. PMID- 3166138 TI - Reconstruction of human evolution: bringing together genetic, archaeological, and linguistic data. AB - The genetic information for this work came from a very large collection of gene frequencies for "classical" (non-DNA) polymorphisms of the world aborigines. The data were grouped in 42 populations studied for 120 alleles. The reconstruction of human evolutionary history thus generated was checked with statistical techniques such as "boot-strapping". It changes some earlier conclusions and is in agreement with more recent ones, including published and unpublished DNA marker results. The first split in the phylogenetic tree separates Africans from non-Africans, and the second separates two major clusters, one corresponding to Caucasoids, East Asians, Arctic populations, and American natives, and the other to Southeast Asians (mainland and insular), Pacific islanders, and New Guineans and Australians. Average genetic distances between the most important clusters are proportional to archaeological separation times. Linguistic families correspond to groups of populations with very few, easily understood overlaps, and their origin can be given a time frame. Linguistic superfamilies show remarkable correspondence with the two major clusters, indicating considerable parallelism between genetic and linguistic evolution. The latest step in language development may have been an important factor determining the rapid expansion that followed the appearance of modern humans and the demise of Neanderthals. PMID- 3166139 TI - Mutational analysis of the chicken beta-globin enhancer reveals two positive acting domains. AB - We report a mutational analysis of the chicken beta-globin enhancer, using transient expression in primary embryonic erythrocytes. A series of 27 scanning mutants differing only by consecutive 4-base substitutions was tested. Previous experiments, using protection from DNase I digestion, demonstrated four regions in the enhancer that bind factors. Mutations in two of the four regions (denoted I and III) have no effect on enhancer activity. The other two regions (II and IV) mediate all of the positive-acting activity. Region II appears to consist of two subregions, mutation in either of which leads to the same loss in activity as mutation of both. Like region II, mutation of either half of region IV results in reduced enhancer activity. However, in contrast to region II, mutation of both halves of region IV results in more loss of enhancer activity than either single mutation. These data suggest that the half-sites in region II must interact in order to cause enhancement, whereas the half-sites in region IV act independently. Triplications of regions II or IV are able to enhance to a similar degree as the parental enhancer, but single copies of regions II or IV enhance only weakly. Thus, as measured by transient expression in embryonic erythrocytes, the beta-globin enhancer may involve the action of as few as three DNA-binding proteins acting at two sites. PMID- 3166143 TI - [Introduction to endodontics: hand instrumentation (II)]. PMID- 3166142 TI - PVN-hindbrain pathway involved in the hypothalamic hyperphagia-obesity syndrome. AB - This study examined the involvement of caudal brainstem projections of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the medial hypothalamic (MH) hyperphagia-obesity syndrome. Experiment 1 demonstrated that a unilateral parasagittal knife cut in the MH combined with a contralateral coronal knife cut in either the ventrolateral pons (vP) or ventrolateral medulla (vM) significantly increased food intake and body weight in adult female rats. Overeating and overweight were also produced by a unilateral MH knife cut combined with a contralateral oblique cut under the nucleus of the solitary tract and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus complex (NST/DX). In contrast, an MH cut x dorsolateral medullary cut combination did not increase food intake or body weight compared to a MH cut alone or sham surgery. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the hyperphagia/obesity effect of MH x vP knife cuts was comparable to that obtained with bilateral PVN lesions, but less than that produced by bilateral MH knife cuts. Bilateral vP cuts also increased body weight but the effect was less than that obtained with the other experimental treatments. Feeding the rats a high-fat diet rather than chow potentiated the hyperphagia and obesity syndromes produced by the various lesion conditions. Taken together, these findings suggest that the medial hypothalamic hyperphagia and obesity syndrome is due, in part, to damage to PVN projections to the caudal brainstem, the NST/DX complex in particular. The functional significance of this PVN-hindbrain "feeding" pathway and the identity of extra-PVN components of the hyperphagia-obesity syndrome remain to be established. PMID- 3166140 TI - Organization of the human alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor gene. AB - We have isolated overlapping phage genomic clones covering an area of 26 kilobases that encodes the human alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor. The alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor gene contains 10 exons and 9 introns distributed over approximately 16 kilobases of DNA. To our knowledge, the number of introns is the highest yet reported for a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily. All introns are located in the 5'-half of the corresponding mRNA. The 5'-untranslated region and the leader sequence are interrupted by 3 introns totaling approximately equal to 6 kilobases. A "TATA box" sequence is located 17 nucleotides upstream from the proposed transcription initiation site. Multiple "GC box" sequences, G + C-rich sequences, and "CCAAT box"-like sequence, the hepatitis B virus enhancer element-like sequence and the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer-like sequence appear in the 5'-flanking region. The NH2-terminal region, which implements factor XIII-catalyzed cross-linking of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor to fibrin, is encoded by the 4th exon. The reactive site and plasminogen-binding site, both located in the COOH-terminal region, are encoded by the 10th exon. When similar amino acids of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor and other members of the serpin gene superfamily are aligned, the position of the 7th intron of the alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor gene aligns precisely with that of the second intron of the genes for rat angiotensinogen and human alpha 1-antitrypsin genes and is misaligned by only one nucleotide with that of the third intron of antithrombin III, suggesting that the alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor gene originates from the common ancestor of these serine protease inhibitors. PMID- 3166144 TI - [Reparative chances in teeth with complete root growth but still open apical ramifications in extensive dentoalveolar damage--case report]. PMID- 3166141 TI - Phorbol ester-induced synaptic facilitation is different than long-term potentiation. AB - The studies described here tested the hypothesis that the changes in synaptic efficacy produced by phorbol esters in hippocampal slices are equivalent to the long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by high-frequency stimulation. In contrast to the extremely stable synaptic potentiation induced by electrical stimulation, the facilitatory effects of phorbol 12,13-diacetate and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate were transient: washout of the drugs restored normal responses in approximately 1 2 and 2-4 hr for phorbol diacetate and phorbol dibutyrate, respectively. It is noteworthy that the more liposoluble of the phorbol esters required longer washout periods. Robust LTP still occurred in response to high-frequency stimulation after washout of phorbol esters and to a lesser degree during their application. Treatment of slices with H-7, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, did not prevent LTP induction although it significantly affected neuronal excitability and produced effects opposite to those of phorbol esters. Finally, phorbol esters altered responses to repetitive stimulation in a way that could account for the reduced LTP elicited in their presence. These results indicate that the increases in synaptic responses caused by phorbol esters and high frequency electrical stimulation are quite different and thus do not support the hypothesis that activation of protein kinase C, the presumed target of the phorbol esters, triggers LTP. PMID- 3166145 TI - [Successful endodontic therapy]. PMID- 3166146 TI - [Intraoral welding of pure titanium]. PMID- 3166147 TI - [Gingival irritation by restoration margins]. PMID- 3166149 TI - [Problems with anterior tooth replantation]. PMID- 3166148 TI - [Interpretation of radiographs]. PMID- 3166151 TI - [Vita Hi-Ceram--an advance in development of ceramics]. PMID- 3166150 TI - [Cavity lining for composite restorations: critical estimate]. PMID- 3166152 TI - [Six-year observations of free gingival transplants using suture and adhesive fixation]. PMID- 3166153 TI - [Interpretation of radiographs]. PMID- 3166154 TI - [Alveolar recess in panoramic radiography]. PMID- 3166155 TI - [Relation between amalgam overhangs and periodontopathies]. PMID- 3166156 TI - [Emergency prevention and emergency control in dental practice]. PMID- 3166157 TI - [Introduction to endodontics: hand instrumentation (III)]. PMID- 3166158 TI - [Problems with low-gold alloys (in-vivo-corrosion)]. PMID- 3166159 TI - [HIV and the nervous system]. PMID- 3166160 TI - [Basic principles of prosthetics. The implant (I)]. PMID- 3166161 TI - [Preventive dentistry for small children and lower school students. Preparation for, carrying out and evaluating dental visit]. PMID- 3166162 TI - [Borders of a recall system]. PMID- 3166163 TI - [Mercury vapor concentrations in the dental office]. PMID- 3166164 TI - [Situation of older patients]. PMID- 3166165 TI - [Basic principles of prosthetics. The implant (II)]. PMID- 3166166 TI - [Correct time for oral prophylaxis. I. Prophylaxis before or after dental treatment?]. PMID- 3166167 TI - [Problems of collection of fees]. PMID- 3166168 TI - [Saint Appolonia--patron saint against toothaches]. PMID- 3166169 TI - [Polishing the amalgam filling]. PMID- 3166170 TI - [Dental assistant as skilled, qualified psychological intermediary between dentist and patient]. PMID- 3166171 TI - [Patient clarification in dental practice]. PMID- 3166172 TI - [Problem of the dry mouth]. PMID- 3166174 TI - [Material teeth are made of--teeth and artificial teeth scrutinized carefully (I)]. PMID- 3166173 TI - [Concerns and environmental questions (I)]. PMID- 3166175 TI - [Tooth replacement in primitive cultures]. PMID- 3166176 TI - [Margin in two metalloceramic crown system (I)]. PMID- 3166177 TI - [Interdisciplinary results (III)]. PMID- 3166178 TI - [The material from which clasps are made]. PMID- 3166179 TI - [New electrical wax knife]. PMID- 3166180 TI - [Anorexia in elderly persons]. PMID- 3166181 TI - [Development and treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome]. PMID- 3166182 TI - [Nutrition among the elderly]. PMID- 3166183 TI - [Indications for extraction of second molars in the mixed dentition]. PMID- 3166184 TI - [Rectal administration of diazepam prior to dental treatment]. PMID- 3166185 TI - [Dental hygiene effectiveness among elderly and debilitated patients]. PMID- 3166186 TI - [Dental treatments for long-term hospital patients over a period of one year]. PMID- 3166187 TI - [Dental health care in a hospital clinic for long-term patients--staff contributions]. PMID- 3166189 TI - Comparing porcelain laminate veneers to laboratory resin veneers--report of a case. PMID- 3166188 TI - [Injuries to patients during dental treatment and patient complaints 1985-86]. PMID- 3166190 TI - A case study in dental laboratory management; the Art-Craft Dental Laboratory, Inc. PMID- 3166191 TI - What do dentists know about statistics? AB - A multiple choice test with nine statistical questions was sent to a random sample of Danish dentists to assess their knowledge of elementary statistical expressions (SD, SE, P less than 0.05, P greater than 0.05 and r). Of 250 dentists, 129 (52%) answered the questions. The test was also completed by 27 (71%) of 38 dental students immediately after the last lecture in statistics. The median number of correct answers was 2.2 among the dentists and 3.4 among the dental students. It is concluded that the statistical knowledge of most dentists, and to a lesser degree also dental students, is so limited that they cannot be expected to be critically against or to draw the right conclusions from those statistical analyses with which they are confronted. Only 35% of the dentists stated that it is very important that this problem be raised. PMID- 3166192 TI - Organic structures of developmental origin in human surface enamel. AB - The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of organic material in mature enamel surfaces immediately prior to eruption. Thirty-six samples of buccal or lingual enamel from unerupted third molars were prepared for transmission electron microscopy by a method involving demineralization of the enamel after embedding in Epon. The results showed that at time of eruption human surface enamel is a highly porous structure containing large amounts of developmental protein which appear as a variety of triangular, funnel-shaped, or invaginated configurations extending into the enamel. The implications of this finding may be of importance to the understanding of early caries lesion formation in the enamel since organic structures may modify the diffusion of ions in and out of the tissue. PMID- 3166193 TI - Transmission electron microscopic study of giant tubules in bovine dentin. AB - Giant tubules in the axiomesiodistally extended incisal dentin of unerupted permanent bovine incisors from 1/2-1 1/2-yr-old calves were studied by TEM. The pulpal portion of each giant tubule contained two capillaries forming a loop incisally. The capillaries consisted of a delicate, continuous, or fenestrated endothelium and often had a pericyte coating. Cells with a rich RER, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus dominated along and just incisal to the vessels. Extravasated erythrocytes and occasional macrophages were also seen in the latter location. It was suggested that the pulpal retraction of the giant tubule vessels during primary dentinogenesis might be the result of an intermittent sequestration of the most incisal portion of the loop, concomitant with endothelial proliferation in the pulpal portion of the capillaries. The major portion of the giant tubules, incisal to the vessels, contained a dense matrix of more or less axially oriented unmineralized 0.07-0.1-micron-thick collagen fibrils and single cells showing gradually increasing degenerative and necrotic changes in an incisal direction. Longitudinal sections of the mineralized tubular walls revealed transversely cut collagen fibrils. The incisally located giant tubule origins were circumvented by dentinal tubules and contained 0.10-0.22-micron-thick, densely packed collagen fibrils with an electron dense perifibrillar zone. PMID- 3166194 TI - Effects of a sodium fluoride solution and a varnish with different fluoride concentrations on enamel remineralization in vitro. AB - To study the efficacy of sodium fluoride varnishes and a NaF solution in remineralization of enamel, 120 slabs of non-carious human enamel enamel were presoftened for 6 h and randomly divided into six groups. The slabs were stored in synthetic saliva for 9 days, except for a daily 30-min immersion in 0.1 M lactic acid-NaOH buffer. During the 9-day period, one group of the slabs received no treatment, and the rest were treated once or three times with 2.3% or 1.1% sodium fluoride varnish Duraphat, or nine times with a 0.1% NaF solution. Finally, the slabs were demineralized for 1 h, and the amount of dissolved Ca and F was determined. Microhardness of enamel was determined initially, after presoftening, after the 9-day period, and after the 1-h demineralization. All fluoride treatments prevented enamel softening almost completely during the 9 days, but the control slabs softened markedly. Fluoride varnishes were more effective than NaF solution. Three applications of 2.3% Duraphat were slightly more effective than any of the other varnish treatments, but one treatment with 2.3% varnish was not more effective than treatments with 1.1% varnish. Enamel treated three times with 1.1% varnish showed the greatest acid resistance during the 1-h demineralization. The results suggest that the efficacy of the varnish was not proportional to the fluoride concentration but rather to the number of applications. Fluoride uptake by enamel was greatest with the most concentrated varnish. Enamel solubility was not, however, directly proportional to the fluoride content of enamel. PMID- 3166195 TI - Spreading of dentinoclasts on various substrata in vitro. AB - An in vitro system for isolated dentinoclasts is described in which clastic cells which are not contemporaneously engaged in resorption are gently rinsed from the surface of actively resorbing root dentin. Dentinoclasts were cultured on a variety of hard tissue constituents in order to investigate the effects of substratum composition on the expression of resorbing structures by these cells, and examined with scanning electron microscopy. Results revealed that dentinoclasts express both ruffled borders and clear zones only when cultured on coverslips coated with both collagen and hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite alone induced only the formation of a clear zone. Failure to express either clear zones or ruffled borders by cells cultured on collagen-coated coverslips was interpreted to reveal that collagen itself is not capable of, but requires the mineral component of hard tissue for, producing morphologic resorbing structures in clastic cells. PMID- 3166196 TI - In vitro study of the giant tubule collagen formation in bovine dentin by [3H] proline incorporation. AB - Unerupted permanent bovine incisors studied by routine autoradiography using radioactive proline incorporation revealed collagen formation within the giant tubules situated in the incisal dentin. A high [3H]-proline labeling was seen within the pulpal vascularized portion of the giant tubules, as well as in association with groups of cells immediately incisal to the blood vessel loops. The incisal portion of the giant tubules showed no or insignificant [3H]-proline labeling. PMID- 3166197 TI - In vitro erosion of bovine enamel caused by acidic drinks and other foodstuffs. AB - The objective was to compare the erosive effect of some commonly used acidic drinks and milk products on a bovine tooth enamel model system. Conditions were selected to be sufficiently severe to cause erosion. Loss of material after erosion experiments was measured by recording the depth of the surface profile after repeated and prolonged exposure. Changes in the enamel surface were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The reparative mechanisms were studied by immersing test teeth in saliva, with or without (2 ppm) fluoride, after severe demineralization in the test products. According to the t-test for paired means, cola beverages and orange beverages differed from beer, coffee with or without sugar, strawberry yoghurt, buttermilk, and carbonated mineral water at the level P less than 0.01. Each of the last-mentioned test products differed from sports drinks, diet cola beverages and orange juice less significantly. In addition, bathing of teeth in saliva between exposures to the test products did not influence the erosive depth. The results, based on in vitro conditions that ensured erosion, are useful for comparative purposes but cannot be directly extended to the oral cavity under normal use conditions. PMID- 3166198 TI - Longitudinal study of electrometric sensitivity of young permanent incisors. AB - Electrometric sensitivity of permanent maxillary central incisors was studied longitudinally in 34 children at 6-month intervals over 2 1/2 yr (mean age of the children at the beginning of the study: 94.6 months). Root development stages were determined from radiographs obtained at the beginning of the study, after 1 yr, and after 2 1/2 yr. An increase in sensitivity was found over the study period, but large variations were found from child to child and even within the same child. Especially at the first examinations a few children showed very low sensitivity. Statistical analysis showed that examination number, root development and side of the mouth (right or left central incisor) all were statistically significantly related to sensitivity. Statistically significant differences were also found between the individuals. PMID- 3166199 TI - Humoral leukocyte adherence inhibition response in patients with oral cancer. AB - Antitumor immunity was assessed in a group of 10 patients suffering from squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity using the humoral leukocyte adherence inhibition assay (H-LAI). A tumor extract from a person with cancer of the tongue was used as antigen. Sera from five patients with carcinoma of the tongue were all positive in the test. Of the other five patients, three had cancer of the lips while in two patients the type was unspecified. All patients except one with cancer of the lips gave a positive response in the test. Thus, of the 10 patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity, nine responded. Among nine controls, one person gave a positive response. PMID- 3166200 TI - Recurrence of angular cheilitis. AB - The incidence of recurrence of angular cheilitis following a successful antimicrobial treatment was studied in 48 patients. Clinical assessments including a microbial examination were carried out 8 months and 5 yr after termination of treatment. Eighty percent of the patients reported recurrence of their angular cheilitis on one or more occasions during the observation period. Patients with cutaneous disorders associated with dry skin or intraoral leukoplakia had an increased incidence of recrudescence. Neither the presence of denture stomatitis nor the type of microorganisms isolated from the original lesions of angular cheilitis, i.e. Candida albicans and/or Staphylococcus aureus, were associated with the number of recurrences. The present observations indicate that treatment of the majority of patients with angular cheilitis should be considered in a longer perspective than previously supposed, due to the short lasting therapeutic effects of the antimicrobial therapy. PMID- 3166201 TI - Familial study of fissured tongue. AB - Clinical and genetic characteristics of histologically defined fissured tongue were examined in a familial study. Fifteen probands with fissured tongue and four probands with geographic tongue were selected from earlier studies. In addition, 12 probands with tongue fissuring, but without changes of papillary structure, were included. The total sample consisted of 31 families; the number of family members examined was 185 (93 men, 92 women), and the mean age of the subjects was 20 yr (range 1-78). Diagnosis of tongue form was emphasized, and this study describes an in vivo method of stereomicroscopy for examining the dorsum of the tongue. According to genetic analysis, fissured tongue with smooth-surfaced papillae was transmitted as a dominant characteristic with incomplete penetrance and was preceded by geographic tongue. The severity of fissured tongue changed with increasing age. Tongue fissuring with normal-appearing filiform papillae was not familial and was not associated with geographic tongue. Fissuring with normal papillary structure should be considered as variations of normal anatomy, whereas fissured tongue and geographic tongue are a clinical and etiological disease entity. PMID- 3166203 TI - On neck muscle activity and load reduction in sitting postures. An electromyographic and biomechanical study with applications in ergonomics and rehabilitation. AB - In this study of the biomechanics and muscular function of the cervical spine, skilled women workers simulated standardized electromechanical assembly work in eight sitting postures. Normalized electromyography was used to quantify activity in neck-and-shoulder muscles. With the whole spine flexed, muscle activity in the cervical erector spinae, trapezius and thoracic erector spinae muscles was higher than when the whole spine was straight and vertical. The posture with the trunk slightly inclined backward and neck vertical gave the lowest activity levels. Flexed neck compared to vertical neck gave higher activity in the cervical erector spinae. Work with abducted arm gave high neck muscle activity. Work postures can thus be optimized to diminish neck muscle load. Two ergonomic acids were studied during the work cycle. Elbow support reduced the activity in the trapezius and thoracic erector spinae/rhomboids muscles in the posture with the whole spine flexed and in the posture with the whole spine vertical. Arm suspension gave mainly similar reduction in these postures, and also a reduction in the cervical erector spinae. In the position with the trunk slightly inclined backward, arm suspension gave a reduction in the trapezius. These findings indicate that arm support or arm suspension can be used to reduce neck muscle load. Three methodological studies related to neck muscle load and normalization were included. 1) Examination of the effect of different isometric maximum test contractions on neck muscles showed that all contractions activated all muscles studied, including those on the contralateral side, to some extent and at various levels. The highest frequency of attained maximum levels was: for neck extension, in cervical erector spinae; for cervical spinae lateral flexion, in splenius and levator scapulae; for arm abduction, in trapezius, and, for shoulder elevation and scapular retraction/elevation, in thoracic erector spinae/rhomboids. Proximal resistance gave higher activity than distal. 2) The relationship between EMG activity and muscular moment was studied in women during submaximal and maximum isometric neck extension. The relationship found was non-linear, with greater increase in activity at high moments in the posterior neck muscles studied. The slightly flexed cervical spine position induced a higher level of activity in erector spinae cervicalis than did the neutral position for a given relative muscular moment. 3) Muscular activity was related to cervical spine position during maximum isometric neck extension. Peak activity in the cervical erector spinae was found in the slightly flexed lower-cervical spine position.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3166202 TI - Corrosion behavior and microhardness of three amalgams. AB - The marginal microhardness of three different types of amalgam was tested after 2 months' immersion in an aqueous solution of NaCl (85 mM) and phosphates (Na2HPO4 100 mM and NaH2PO4 100 mM). Amalgams immersed in distilled water were used as controls. The microhardness tests were conducted at a distance of 50 micron from the margins and at the bulk of each specimen. The solutions were analyzed for Sn, Cu, Zn, Ag, and Hg by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). A statistically significant reduction in the marginal microhardness after immersion in the test solution was found for the conventional and the high-Cu single composition amalgam but not for the high-Cu blended amalgam. SEM-examination of cross-sections of the amalgams revealed small areas of subsurface grain boundary corrosion, no deeper than 10 micron for all the amalgams. The SEM-examination of the specimens and AAS analysis of the solutions indicated that the reduction in marginal microhardness was attributed mainly to corrosion of the Cu-rich phases for the high-Cu single composition amalgam and to corrosion of the gamma 2 phase for the conventional amalgam. The phosphates reduced the corrosion of the amalgams in the presence of NaCl. It is concluded that the marginal strength of dental amalgams in a corrosive environment is largely dependent upon their corrosion resistance. PMID- 3166205 TI - The significance of overhanging filling margins for the health status of interdental periodontal tissues of young adults. PMID- 3166204 TI - [Olivopontocerebellar atrophy as an important differential diagnosis in atactic gait disorders in elderly patients]. AB - The sporadic form of olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy (OPCA) is described in 5 patients. The diagnosis was confirmed by autopsy in one patient. The OPCA can be suspected from the history and symptoms if neuroradiologic examination also demonstrates atrophy of the cerebellum and pons. OPCA is a rare but important cause of a progressive gait disturbance in the elderly patient. The differential diagnosis of atactic gait is discussed. PMID- 3166206 TI - [The survival rate of primary molar fillings in schoolchildren in relation to increase in caries and caries prevention]. PMID- 3166208 TI - [Direct composite inlay. The new procedure and its in vitro test results]. PMID- 3166207 TI - [Implantology. Implantological care of the free-end situation in the mandible]. PMID- 3166209 TI - Establishment and biological properties of mouse granulocytic leukemic cell line L833. AB - A granulocytic leukemic cell line, called L833 has been established through culturing in vitro from mouse bone marrow of transplantable granulocytic leukemia. More than 280 passages have been performed in 3 years. Cell growth has been rapid and stable. Incidence of tumour formation was 100% with various routes of inoculation. The nature of granulocytic leukemia was confirmed by examination of cytology, cytochemistry, pathology and ultrastructural changes. Analysis proved chromosomes to be hypodiploid with model number of 39, loss of chromosomes, and presence of a marker. Besides the chromosomal change as mentioned above, both L883-A and L833-B derived from colonies formed from the L833 cells cultured in semi-solid agar medium, have their own marker. The cell line was sensitive to various types of antitumour agents in varying degrees. It was also sensitive to ionizing radiation. D0 values of L833 and L883-A cells were 98.8 and 104.9 rad, respectively. The results were similar to that of L801. Establishment of this cell line is of important significance for studying leukemia and screening anti-tumour agents, as well as provides a useful direct, economic and precisely quantitative tool for other relative studies. PMID- 3166210 TI - [Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults using the 08 LA 74 and RALL 81 A protocols]. PMID- 3166211 TI - Radionuclide angiographic monitoring in patients treated with potentially cardiotoxic cytostatic drugs. AB - A prospective study of 120 patients with cancer was carried out to evaluate the effects of potentially cardiotoxic anticancer drugs using radionuclide cardiovascular studies. Five groups were studied: 7 patients received 4' demethoxydaunorubicin, 23 4'-deoxydoxorubicin, 34 4'-epidoxorubicin, 49 mitoxantrone and 7 4'-(9-acridinylamino)-methan-sulphon-m-anisidide (amsa). Two patients receiving 4'-demethoxydaunorubicin, 7 on 4'-deoxydoxorubicin, 11 on 4' epidoxorubicin, 21 on mitoxantrone and 3 on amsa had falls of greater than or equal to 10% in their left ventricular ejection fraction. Using data from this study, the recommended guidelines are set out. PMID- 3166212 TI - [Occurrence and distribution of fissure caries in clinically "unaffected" premolars]. PMID- 3166214 TI - [The development in research of trends concerning socialized dentistry]. PMID- 3166213 TI - [Social and health consequences for dentists suffering from contagious hepatitis]. PMID- 3166215 TI - [Removal of two type F ITI-implants]. PMID- 3166216 TI - [Root resorption in maxillary incisors following orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 3166217 TI - [Dental hygienists in private practice]. PMID- 3166218 TI - [Clinical experience in the treatment of mandibular edentulous patients using the ITI-implant system]. PMID- 3166219 TI - [Toothpastes with agents which reduce formation of plaque and calculus]. PMID- 3166220 TI - [Use of toothpaste to reduce dentin hypersensitivity]. PMID- 3166221 TI - [Development of a standard for toothpaste]. PMID- 3166222 TI - [Legislation on toothpaste]. PMID- 3166223 TI - [Toothpastes containing fluoride and the concentration of fluoride in saliva]. PMID- 3166224 TI - [Ingestion and absorption of fluoride from different types of toothpastes]. PMID- 3166225 TI - [Fluoride content and composition of toothpastes and their relation to caries reduction]. PMID- 3166226 TI - [Painting discolored vital teeth--alternative to production of crowns]. PMID- 3166227 TI - [Treatment of follicular cysts using polyethylene tubes]. PMID- 3166228 TI - [Postoperative maxillary cysts]. PMID- 3166229 TI - [Reduction in radiation dose by restructuring of panoramic radiographic apparatus]. PMID- 3166230 TI - [Amalgam substitute--desirable or possible?]. PMID- 3166232 TI - [Evaluation of orthodontic treatment results over a ten-year period]. PMID- 3166231 TI - [Epidemiologic sample studies as a basis for planning dental health care delivery -a suggestion for carrying out such a project]. PMID- 3166233 TI - [Health on the Koster Islands--medical and odontological population study in a remote area of Sweden]. PMID- 3166234 TI - [Use of "snuff"...?]. PMID- 3166235 TI - [Use of the dental health care system to curtail the use of tobacco]. PMID- 3166236 TI - [Loss of osseointegrated implants--analysis of causes for failures of implants during a 5-year period]. PMID- 3166237 TI - [Prefabricated steel-crowns--a rational treatment method]. PMID- 3166238 TI - [Preventive dentistry for elderly patients housebound due to their health]. PMID- 3166239 TI - Pseudohypoglycemia in chronic leukemia. PMID- 3166240 TI - The determination of enzyme-cofactor dissociation constants by kinetic methods: a correction. PMID- 3166241 TI - Levels of thrombin-antithrombin III complex in plasma in cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia. PMID- 3166242 TI - The inhibition of the generation of thrombin and the antithrombotic effect of a pentasaccharide with sole anti-factor Xa activity. AB - A chemically synthesized heparin pentasaccharide (Institut Choay, Paris, France) has been shown to exhibit an antithrombotic action in a rabbit stasis induced thrombosis model, in an IV dose range of 25 to 200 micrograms/kg (0.5 to 3.5 micrograms/ml plasma circulating concentrations). Ex vivo plasma analysis from treated animals revealed expected anti-factor Xa activity but no direct inhibitory effect against thrombin. Global anticoagulant activities were not found by PT and APTT methods. Platelet activation remained unaffected at the antithrombotic dosages of pentasaccharide. To more specifically elucidate the anti-factor Xa mediated antithrombotic mechanism of action of this pentasaccharide, it was studied in several thrombin generation assays. Pentasaccharide added to human and rabbit plasmas in vitro from 0 to 5.0 micrograms/ml produced a concentration dependent effect up to a 35 to 50% inhibition of generated thrombin. In ex vivo studies similar concentration dependent inhibition of thrombin generation was observed. Analysis of plasma obtained from animals in which a complete antithrombotic effect was observed in vivo demonstrated an approximate 45 to 55% inhibition of thrombin generation. These results indicate that a relationship exists between the pentasaccharide induced inhibition of experimental venous stasis thrombosis and the inhibition of thrombin generation. PMID- 3166243 TI - [Kinetics of the formation of mineralized dental deposits]. PMID- 3166244 TI - [The importance of studying the patient's mental status in the practice of therapeutic dentistry]. PMID- 3166245 TI - [The periodontal status of young persons]. PMID- 3166246 TI - [Hemodynamic disorders and soft-tissue sensitivity of the oral cavity and face in glossalgia and somatic diseases]. PMID- 3166247 TI - [Individualization of premedication for enhancing the effectiveness of anesthesia during operations at dental polyclinics]. PMID- 3166248 TI - [A system of coordinates and measurement information for solving oral medicine tasks]. PMID- 3166250 TI - [Rendering specialized dental care to patients with multiple and combined fractures of the facial skull]. PMID- 3166249 TI - [Changes in the microflora composition of phlegmon in the maxillofacial area as affected by hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 3166251 TI - [Stages in the development of different types of operations in locally disseminated cancer of the tongue and floor of the mouth and an assessment of their effectiveness]. PMID- 3166252 TI - [Characteristics of the laboratory indices of patients with radiation-induced osteonecrosis in combined treatment with hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 3166253 TI - [Psychological characteristics of children with stomatologic diseases]. PMID- 3166254 TI - [Experimental validation and clinical use of an ion-exchange resin for treating deep caries]. PMID- 3166255 TI - [Morphological characteristics of the muscles of the soft palate in children with congenital cleft lip and palate]. PMID- 3166256 TI - [Functional state of the hypophyseal-thyroid system in parotitis in children]. PMID- 3166257 TI - [Type II dentin dysplasia combined with a skeletal anomaly]. PMID- 3166258 TI - [Differential diagnosis of Mikulicz's disease and Sjogren's disease]. PMID- 3166260 TI - [Improvement in the academic process preceding vocational practice]. PMID- 3166259 TI - [Expertise in temporary work incapacity at the surgical department of an oral medicine polyclinic]. PMID- 3166261 TI - [Use of autonomotropic drugs in disorders of the autonomic nervous system in patients, including dental patients]. PMID- 3166262 TI - [Adenylic nucleoside phosphates and dehydrogenases of the human gingiva during changes in masticatory pressure]. PMID- 3166263 TI - [Strategy of maxillary-orthopedic care in children and juveniles in the district Konigs Wusterhausen]. PMID- 3166264 TI - [Some aspects of valuation of dental controlled guidance in cases of sagittal and lateral dysgnathies]. PMID- 3166265 TI - [Current knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women about dental health and possibilities for management]. PMID- 3166266 TI - [Fear as motivation factor]. PMID- 3166267 TI - [Prosthetic therapy of tooth abrasion by use of adhesive technique. A casuistic contribution]. PMID- 3166268 TI - [Weather-related odontogenic, pyogenic soft tissue infections]. PMID- 3166270 TI - [Analysis and evaluation of expertise in dentofacial surgery]. PMID- 3166269 TI - [Results of follow-up examinations of mandibular fractures]. PMID- 3166271 TI - [Giant epulides]. PMID- 3166272 TI - [Application of electronic data processing at the dental department of a hospital -bases and first results]. PMID- 3166273 TI - [Mode of action and toxicity of fluorides]. PMID- 3166274 TI - [Composition, indications and testing of Grossman cement]. PMID- 3166275 TI - Diazepam for inappetence. PMID- 3166276 TI - [Personal experience with ofloxacin in patients with resistant urinary tract infections]. PMID- 3166277 TI - [Extramedullary localization of acute leukemia. I. The involvement of the central nervous system]. AB - The involvement of the central nervous system in acute leukemia was studied in 15 adult patient. 60% of the patients were up to 35 years of age and 12 of them (80%) were with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In 12 of the patients the nervous system was affected in the acute course of the disease, in one female patients- in the course of induction treatment and in the remaining patients--after the induction treatment. The manifestations of neuroleukemia are predominantly meningoradicular irritation with headache--in 86.7% of the patients, diplopia, papilledema, dysarthria and palpebral ptosis with affection of the cranial nerves (III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, XII). In 12 patients (87.5%) blast cells were found in the cerebrospinal fluid in numbers ranging from 70 up to 36,000/mm3. In 26.7% of the patients other extramedullary localizations of leukemia were found parallelly (testes, thyroid gland hypopharynx, muscles). The application of methotrexate intrathecally and radiation therapy of the cranium led to a remission in 43% of the patients. Favourable results with considerably prolonged survival can be achieved also in patients with many recurrences of the disease. The need of neuroleukemia prophylaxis is proved (it is obligatory for the patients with acute lymphatic leukemia and with some forms of acute myeloblastic leukemia). PMID- 3166278 TI - [Hygienic measures to prevent spread of HIV in a hospital]. PMID- 3166279 TI - [Barodontology: the way pressure changes affect the masticatory system]. PMID- 3166281 TI - [Vacuum--a new principle in treatment of periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3166280 TI - [Calcium hydroxide preparations--classification and clinical use]. PMID- 3166282 TI - [Question of embryo toxicity from mercury in amalgam fillings]. PMID- 3166283 TI - [No proof of HIV-I antibodies in Berlin dentists]. PMID- 3166284 TI - [Which amalgam for the practice?]. PMID- 3166286 TI - [Therapy for chronic pain: MSD syndrome in tense area of occlusion, temporomandibular joint and psyche]. PMID- 3166285 TI - [Results of a survey: local anesthesia, premedication and patients at risk]. PMID- 3166287 TI - [Suction technic as part of health protection]. PMID- 3166289 TI - [Tuberculoplasty with porous hydroxyapatite ceramic]. PMID- 3166290 TI - [Tooth germ transplantation]. PMID- 3166288 TI - [Augmentation with hydroxyapatite--quo vadis]. PMID- 3166291 TI - [Bone cover method of tooth root resection in mandibular molar region]. PMID- 3166293 TI - [Titanium root canal pins with possibility of use for transdental fixation]. PMID- 3166292 TI - [Ibuprofen as an analgesic in surgery in jaw region]. PMID- 3166294 TI - [Damage by formaldehyde in medications?]. PMID- 3166295 TI - [Working with dental assistant in prosthetic care of older people]. PMID- 3166296 TI - [Individual, reproducible temporomandibular joint radiograph]. PMID- 3166298 TI - [Back training program for dentists]. PMID- 3166299 TI - [Individual, reproducible temporomandibular joint radiograph]. PMID- 3166297 TI - [Resorption occurrences in the maxilla]. PMID- 3166300 TI - [Static (latent) bone defect]. PMID- 3166301 TI - [Three-year clinical study of Munch -type aluminum oxide implant]. PMID- 3166302 TI - [Clinical and exfoliative cytological study of use of a dentifrice]. PMID- 3166303 TI - [Local dose determination and three new panoramic layer collection apparatus]. PMID- 3166304 TI - [Principle of the Ledermann screw]. PMID- 3166305 TI - [Laser therapy of postoperative jaw pain]. PMID- 3166306 TI - [Development of the dental assistant--advice and possibilities]. PMID- 3166307 TI - [AIDS--significance for dentistry]. PMID- 3166308 TI - [In-vivo study of tooth mobility and its measurement]. PMID- 3166309 TI - [Bacterial colonization of dental materials: amalgam]. PMID- 3166310 TI - [Myxoma of the head and neck region]. PMID- 3166311 TI - [Occupation dependent posture problems of the dentist and dental assistant]. PMID- 3166312 TI - [Teamwork of pediatrician and dentist from pediatric viewpoint]. PMID- 3166314 TI - [Root canal treatment with calcium hydroxide--example case]. PMID- 3166315 TI - [Reconstruction of mid-face with cheek flaps]. PMID- 3166313 TI - [Clinical picture of teguments and limited interpretation for implantation]. PMID- 3166317 TI - [New aspects of splinting the residual dentition with prosthetic reconstructions]. PMID- 3166318 TI - [Technology in traumatology of the jaw-facial-complex]. PMID- 3166319 TI - [Changes in the oral mucosa--local phenomenon or symptoms of general illness?]. PMID- 3166316 TI - [Experiences with the Vita-Vacumat 100]. PMID- 3166320 TI - [Reimplantation of posterior teeth to prevent premature loss of teeth]. PMID- 3166321 TI - [Histopathological study of the frequency and location of enamel projections and their potential influence on periodontal disease]. PMID- 3166322 TI - [Analysis of the mounted study casts, temporomandibular joint radiographs and functional results after sagittal splitting of the rami--a long-term follow-up study]. PMID- 3166323 TI - [Cephalometric analysis of the results of orthopedic and orthodontic treatment in skeletal Angle Class III]. PMID- 3166324 TI - [New technique for total mandibular alveolar osteotomy]. PMID- 3166325 TI - [Preservation of the lingual nerve in molar surgery]. PMID- 3166326 TI - Urinary prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha excretion in nephrotic syndrome during basal conditions, after water loading, and after remission of the syndrome. AB - The urinary excretion rate of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was determined in patients with the nephrotic syndrome both before and after an oral water load in 21 patients and 17 control subjects, and before and after remission of the syndrome in 8 of the patients. In the nephrotic syndrome PGE2 excretion rate varied considerably during basal conditions, remission was accompanied by an increase in the PGE2 excretion, and both basal PGF2 alpha excretion rate and the normal response in PGF2 alpha water loading were reduced. A significant, positive correlation was found between urine flow rate and excretion rate of PGE2 in the periods with the largest urine flow rate in both patients and control subjects. It is suggested that a relatively suppressed renal prostaglandin production may be a pathogenetic factor for sodium and water retention in the nephrotic syndrome, although it cannot be excluded that the abnormal prostaglandin excretion pattern is secondary, at least partially, to the reduction of urine flow rate. PMID- 3166327 TI - Classification of protein kinases into messenger-dependent and independent kinases. The regulation of independent kinases. PMID- 3166328 TI - Stability of the LeFort I one-piece maxillary osteotomy. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine retrospectively the stability of the LeFort I osteotomy after one-piece maxillary impaction and wire fixation. Cephalograms of 31 patients were evaluated before surgery, immediately after surgery, in fixation, and postfixation. All subjects had characteristics of excessive vertical maxillary growth. Descriptive statistics for the absolute and relative changes of the various linear and angular parameters were calculated for the different stages. The analysis of variance general linear models procedure was used to compare the repeated measures of the total sample. From the present findings, it was concluded that (1) after the initial surgical superior repositioning, the maxilla continued to move superiorly and most of the upward movement occurred during fixation, (2) the anterior part of the maxilla moved superiorly more than twice that of the posterior part of the maxilla, (3) maxillary superior dental movement exceeded maxillary superior skeletal movement, and (4) maxillary horizontal skeletal movement exceeded maxillary horizontal dental movement. The clinical significance of the findings are discussed. PMID- 3166330 TI - A quantified comparison of craniofacial form with nasal respiratory function. AB - Rhinomanometry provides a means to quantify the nasal airway in terms of its conductive efficiency by use of the inverse or resistance to airflow. In samples of 21 male and 26 female subjects, nasal airway resistance was compared with a number of form measurements and the coefficients of correlation were calculated. Statistical significance was found in some of the relationships with nasal airway resistance, particularly the maxillary-mandibular plane angle, the palate-tongue distance, the palatal width, and the facial index. PMID- 3166329 TI - Clinical and laboratory evaluation of visible light-cured denture base resins and their application to orthodontics. AB - A series of investigations is being conducted to examine the applicability of visible light-cured resins to orthodontics. The experimental vehicle is the Hawley retainer, which is made from autopolymerized (AP), heat-cured (HC), thermoplastic Biocryl 2 (BC), and Traid visible light-cured (VLC) resins. In all physical property testing, it was found that VLC resins met or exceeded required values as established by ADA Specification No. 12 for denture base polymers. In vitro bacterial adherence studies showed that more organisms adhered to heat cured specimens than to the other specimens. In vivo studies using split-palate Hawley retainers demonstrated slightly less bacterial adherence to BC than to the other resins. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations have shown the BC surface to be the smoothest, although surface chemistry also seems important. None of the materials being tested appears to cause any significant change in the subjacent subgingival bacterial flora. There was no adverse tissue reaction under any of the materials when observed clinically. Manipulation characteristics and time of fabrication appear to be dependent on the depth of the palate and the skill of the operator. PMID- 3166331 TI - Surface intraoral genioglossus EMG recording technique for kinesiologic studies. AB - Electromyographic (EMG) recordings from intraoral genioglossus surface electrodes were compared to fine-wire recordings of the left genioglossus muscle during selected activities that involved (1) rest, (2) tongue protrusion without resistance, (3) isometric tongue protrusion, (4) jaw opening without resistance, (5) isometric jaw opening, and (6) swallowing. Right and left lateral protrusions of the tongue were evaluated also. Recordings from both surface and fine-wire configurations showed similar onset times, relative amplitude changes, and cessation times of EMG activity during unresisted tongue protrusion and isometric tongue protrusion. Swallowing EMG activity occurred somewhat earlier and was longer in duration in the surface electrode recordings than the fine-wire recordings; however, maximum amplitudes occurred at similar times. Neither type of electrode recorded significant EMG activity during jaw opening or isometric jaw opening. These findings support the validity of recording EMG activity of the genioglossus muscle by surface recording electrodes supported by an acrylic appliance. The development of such an appliance may be an important biofeedback tool to control genioglossus activity during such activities as tongue thrusting. PMID- 3166332 TI - Influence of tonsils on velopharyngeal movements in children with craniofacial anomalies and hypernasality. AB - Velopharyngeal activity and tongue and tonsil movements were examined cineradiographically in the connected speech of 40 hypernasal children with craniofacial disorders--20 with small tonsils and 20 with large tonsils. The tonsils were defined as large when they obstructed two thirds or more of the pharyngeal space; they were considered small if the obstruction was one fourth or less of the pharyngeal space. In patients with small tonsils, consistent velopharyngeal activity was seen most of the time, regardless of the position of the back of the tongue during speech. An association between large tonsils and decreased velopharyngeal activity was found for speech sounds articulated in the back of the mouth. Therefore when examining velopharyngeal activity in hypernasal children, it is important that the speech material include syllables and words with speech sounds articulated in the back of the mouth. PMID- 3166333 TI - Board eligibility as it pertains to the American Board of Orthodontics. PMID- 3166334 TI - Snore-control. PMID- 3166335 TI - More on general practitioners and orthodontics. PMID- 3166336 TI - Orthodontics and periodontics. PMID- 3166337 TI - Classification of overbite. PMID- 3166338 TI - Acetylcholinesterase in the human erythron. II. Biochemical assay. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an integral erythrocyte membrane protein. A role for the enzyme in the developing human erythron is being explored. Assays of AchE by the standard Ellman technique overestimate the amount of enzyme by failing to account for the contribution of hemoglobin to the optical density of the reaction mixture. Furthermore, reliance on substrate selection alone for specificity is unsatisfactory. Incorporation of inhibitors of "true" AchE and of pseudocholinesterase confer greater ability to distinguish one enzyme from the other. In our experience, the inhibitor constant (Kl) for edrophonium, which is highly specific for AChE, is approximately 5 x 10(-5) M against adult human erythrocytes that contain significantly more total cholinesterase activity than do erythrocytes from umbilical cord blood. This consists of both "true" and "pseudo" enzyme, the former predominating and accounting for 0.75-1.65 (mean 1.02, median 0.87) femtomoles of substrate hydrolysed per min per cell in adult blood, with values of 0.15-1.04 (mean 0.71, median 0.73) obtained on cord blood. Moreover, the enzyme activity in neonatal erythrocytes has a rather different inhibitor profile from that of adult cells. AChE was also demonstrated in fresh (ALL) and cultured (K562 and HL60) human leukemic cells, as well as in primitive granulocyte-macrophage and erythroid cells cloned from normal human bone marrow. In the erythroid colonies the enzyme activity was 0-3.76 (mean 1.20, median 0.76) femtomoles per min per cell, apparently the first successful measurement of AChE in such cells. PMID- 3166339 TI - T(8;21) with a phenotype of chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - A myeloproliferative disorder having the phenotype of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with t(8;21) is reported. Neither t(9;22) nor a DNA rearrangement in the bcr region was detected. The presence of t(8;21), in contrast with previous experience, does not appear to prevent full maturation of the granulocytic series. PMID- 3166340 TI - Reiterations: birth defects caused by isotretinoin and smoking and tobacco use as addicting. PMID- 3166341 TI - Assessing patient outcomes. PMID- 3166342 TI - Blood genetic markers in Sri Lankan populations--reappraisal of the legend of Prince Vijaya. AB - Serum protein (haptoglobin types; transferrin and group-specific component subtypes); haemoglobin and red cell enzymes (acid phosphatase, esterase D, glyoxalase I, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase, and phosphoglucomutase (locus 1) (subtypes) were studied in the Sinhalese, Tamils, and Muslims of Sri Lanka. The allelic frequencies of all the polymorphic systems were similar in these populations without any significant differences. A close look at the present results and earlier investigations on 13 polymorphic loci controlled by 37 alleles did not reveal any genetic characteristics in the present-day Sinhalese population that are distinct from those in the Tamils of Sri Lanka. As such, genetic evidence linking the legendary origin of the Sinhalese population to East India (Prince Vijaya) is lacking. PMID- 3166343 TI - Genetic studies among the sedentes and migrant Oraons of eastern India. AB - A total of 334 Oraons of both sexes from two localities in eastern India were tested for 11 polymorphic and six monomorphic blood genetic markers. The sample comprised 130 sedentes from the Gumla district in Bihar and 204 migrants to the Jalpaiguri district of North Bengal. At the hemoglobin locus one example of HbAS was observed in the Gumla sample, while two cases of HbAS were found in the Jalpaiguri group. The Oraons are a distinct tribe and are characterized by a very low frequency of Hp1, TFC2, and a high frequency of TfD1 and GcIF at the serum protein loci. In the red cell enzyme systems the Oraons have a higher frequency of pa at the acid phosphatase locus and GLO1 at the Glyoxalase I locus. Absence of red cell lactate dehydrogenase and very low HbS and GdB- is also characteristic of the Oraons. A probable new nondeficient slow variant of Gd has been observed in polymorphic frequency in the Oraons of Gumla. There was an excess of homozygotes at the Gc locus. No significant difference in the gene frequency between the two groups of Oraons was observed at any of the loci. Genetic distance estimates using the gene frequency data indicate that the Oraons of the two localities are genetically homogeneous and form one cluster with the Bhils. They are nearer to the Irula and Kurumba tribes of the Nilgiris rather than the other Dravidian tribes, Tamils, or Nayars. PMID- 3166345 TI - Recovery following general anesthesia with isoflurane or enflurane for outpatient dentistry and oral surgery. AB - Anesthesia was induced in 120 unpremedicated, healthy patients undergoing outpatient dentistry or oral surgery with methohexital, and endotracheal intubation facilitated with succinylcholine. Anesthesia was maintained randomly with either enflurane or isoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen (50%) administered in a nonrebreathing circuit using spontaneous respiration. After both enflurane and isoflurane anesthesia, it took 12-13 minutes before the patients were oriented as to time and place. The patients' ability to walk along a straight line normalized significantly (p < .05) more quickly after isoflurane than after enflurane anesthesia. Long enflurane anesthesia (>90 minutes) was associated with a significantly (p < .05-p < .01) slower recovery of walking ability and of psychomotor performance in a perceptual speed test than was short enflurane anesthesia (<40 minutes). With isoflurane the speed of recovery did not depend on the duration of anesthesia. After both anesthetic techniques, 25-26% of the patients had nausea or vomited. We conclude that using spontaneous respiration recovery is faster after isoflurane anesthesia than after enflurane anesthesia and that isoflurane should be preferred to enflurane for long anesthesia of outpatients. PMID- 3166344 TI - Preparation of anesthesia machines for patients susceptible to malignant hyperthermia. AB - Malignant hyperthermia is a potentially lethal syndrome that can be triggered by inhaled anesthetics. Thus, it may be appropriate to utilize equipment that minimizes exposure of susceptible patients to inhaled anesthetics. The rate of release of anesthetic stored in anesthesia delivery systems is unknown. To determine residual anesthetic concentrations, the washout rates of halothane and isoflurane were compared, and the effects of a 1-l/min and a 10-l/min fresh gas flow were evaluated. Halothane concentrations were also measured in samples taken from the fresh gas outlet and the Y-piece of the circle system during four separate studies in which various components of the anesthesia system were replaced. In each study an Ohio Modulus anesthesia machine equipped with an Air Shields ventilator was exposed to 2% halothane for 18 h. Anesthetic concentrations were determined by a gas chromatograph having a sensitivity of 0.1 ppm. Isoflurane washed out 3-4 times faster than halothane. Residual halothane concentration was approximately equal to tenfold greater when the fresh gas flow was 1 l/min rather than 10 l/min: 194 versus 19 ppm after 1 h of washout. Using a 10-l/min fresh gas flow, halothane concentrations in samples obtained from the Y piece were similar with original or fresh soda lime but were more than tenfold lower after the fresh gas outlet hose and circle system were replaced (approximately equal to 50 ppm vs. approximately equal to 5 ppm after 5 min of washout).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3166346 TI - Pulse oximetry: evaluation of accuracy during outpatient general anesthesia for oral surgery. AB - Pulse oximetry has been shown to be accurate under steady state conditions. In this study, the accuracy of four pulse oximeters are evaluated and compared during outpatient general anesthesia for third molar extractions. The oximeters evaluated are the Nellcor N-100, the Ohmeda 3700, the Novametrix model 500, and the Bird 4400 portable pulse oximeter.Ultralight general anesthesia for oral surgery presents a unique challenge for respiratory monitoring in that patients are often not intubated and commonly experience periods of hyper- and hypoventilation. Airway obstruction, apnea, and laryngospasm may occur easily and patients often vocalize and move during surgery. Because hypoxemia is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality during anesthesia, an accurate, continuous, and noninvasive monitor of oxygenation is critical to risk management.Twenty ASA class I and II patients underwent outpatient general anesthesia for third molar removal using nitrous oxide-oxygen, midazolam, fentanyl, and methohexital. Arterial blood samples were obtained at five-minute intervals during anesthesia, as well as any time a desaturation of >5% occurred, for measurement of arterial SaO(2) with an IL282 CO-Oximeter. These values were compared with simultaneously recorded saturations observed for each pulse oximeter. A total of 122 arterial samples were obtained over a range of PaO(2) from 52-323 mm Hg and observed saturations of 70-100%.The Bird 4400 portable pulse oximeter proved to be the most accurate and reliably predicted arterial saturation under these conditions (y = 1.03x - 2.8, r = 0.85). The Novametrix model 500 pulse oximeter also demonstrated a high degree of accuracy by linear regression analysis, but displayed the lowest correlation coefficient (spread of data points) overall (y = 0.97x + 2.8, r = 0.80.) The Nellcor N-100 pulse oximeter also proved to be highly accurate. (y = 1.05x - 4.1, r = 0.84.) In contrast, regression analysis of the observed saturations obtained with the Ohmeda 3700 pulse oximeter revealed that this unit significantly underestimated arterial saturation (y = 1.20x - 19.6, r = 0.83.)This study demonstrates that despite the rigorous conditions imposed by outpatient general anesthesia for oral surgery, three of the pulse oximeters tested were linearly accurate in predicting arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation over the range of 70-100%. The Ohmeda 3700 was found to significantly underestimate arterial saturation. PMID- 3166347 TI - Anxiety and postoperative recovery in ambulatory surgery patients. AB - There has been a growing trend toward one-day ambulatory surgery. Unfortunately, there has been little research evaluating how patients recover at home after one day surgery. This study examined the relationship between preoperative anxiety and postoperative recovery in ambulatory surgery patients. Fifty women who were scheduled for a laparascopy completed a series of questionnaires on the day before surgery and on each of three days after surgery. One month after surgery, the patients were telephoned and reported on their recovery. The surgeon rated each patient on their estimated degree of anxiety and length of recovery. The results showed that preoperative anxiety partially predicted the patients' psychological and physiological reaction to surgery. Identification of those patients who show high anxiety and distress may help to prevent postoperative complications. These patients may benefit from patient education and psychological interventions to decrease their fears and anxiety and they may benefit from more intensive observation periods following their surgery. PMID- 3166348 TI - Family therapy in complex temporomandibular joint dysfunction. A case study in collaboration. AB - The purpose of this paper is to offer the oral and maxillofacial surgeon a collaborative approach to the treatment of complex temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. Through a positive relationship with a family therapist, the oral and maxillofacial surgeon in this case reports family therapy intervention as an additive solution to resolving apparent recurrent surgical failures. After three surgical procedures, the oral and maxillofacial surgeon noted continued muscle hyperactivity brought on by family environmental stress and arranged for family therapy treatment before a fourth surgical procedure. This paper presents a complicated TMJ case history, documentation for including the family in treatment of pain problems, collaborative efforts necessary for acceptance of referral for psychological intervention, and a family therapy approach to treatment in complex TMJ dysfunction. PMID- 3166349 TI - Combination effects of chloral hydrate and nitrous oxide/oxygen in the mouse staircase test. AB - The effects of chloral hydrate and/or nitrous oxide were assessed in the mouse staircase test. In this paradigm, the number of steps ascended is thought to reflect locomotor activity, whereas the number of rears is an index of anxiety. Chloral hydrate alone produced a dose-dependent decrease in the number of rears but no change in the number of steps ascended except at the highest dose. Nitrous oxide alone produced a concentration-related increase in the number of steps ascended but no change in rearing. When the two drugs were combined, nitrous oxide appeared to potentiate the rearing suppressant activity of chloral hydrate. Analysis of our experimental findings suggests that chloral hydrate exerts a specific anxiolytic drug effect that can be potentiated by concurrent treatment with nitrous oxide. PMID- 3166351 TI - The practice of dental anesthesia in Australia. PMID- 3166350 TI - A visual analogue scale in the assessment of dental anxiety. AB - The purpose of this study is to determine the validity of the visual analogue scale (VAS) in the assessment of changing levels of dental anxiety, through correlation with the dental anxiety scale (DAS) and the state portion (A-state) of the statetrait anxiety inventory (STAI). Forty-five adult patients attending an oral surgery clinic for a routine dental extraction participated. Before any treatment, each patient completed the DAS, the STAI, and a 100mm VAS. The order of administration was randomly determined. Following completion of the dental extraction under local anesthesia and just before discharge, the patients were once more asked to complete the DAS, the A-State, and a VAS which were again randomly ordered. All three measures demonstrate a significant reduction in mean anxiety scores from presurgery to postsurgery. There are significant correlations among the three measures both pre- and postsurgery. The VAS appears to correlate well with both the DAS and the A-State under changing levels of anxiety. PMID- 3166352 TI - An experimental study of the control of the gag reflex with nitrous oxide. AB - Gagging represents a management problem during dental procedures. A controlled, double blind experiment on human volunteers evaluated the efficacy of nitrous oxide for suppressing experimentally-induced gagging. The ability of the subjects to tolerate palatal and oropharyngeal stimulation was evaluated by measuring the distance of the anatomic palatal and oropharyngeal structure which produce gagging. It was observed that under N(2)O/O(2) inhalation subjects tolerated a significantly more intrusive (deeper) oropharyngeal stimulation than under control conditions. PMID- 3166353 TI - Management of a perforated endotracheal tube during orthognathic surgery. AB - Oral and maxillofacial procedures require nasotracheal intubation that often obscures the anesthesiologist's direct vision of the surgical field. Premature extubation of a damaged endotracheal tube frequently requires replacement and poses a potential risk to the patient. This case illustrates a technique for replacing a damaged endotracheal tube using a nasogastric tube inserted within the damaged tube to suction secretions, insufflate oxygen, and serve as a guide for placement of a new endotracheal tube. PMID- 3166354 TI - Anterograde amnesia as a possible postoperative complication of Midazolam as an agent for intravenous conscious sedation. AB - Anterograde amnesia is often considered to be a beneficial effect of intravenous conscious sedation. The recently introduced benzodiazepine, midazolam, has associated with its administration a significant anterograde amnesic period. In the case presented here, a healthy young female presented for third molar extraction under midazolam conscious sedation and local anesthesia. After uncomplicated removal of the teeth and clinically adequate recovery from sedation, it was noted that the patient had swallowed the postsurgical gauze packs. Efforts at recovery of the gauze packs were futile. Follow-up discussion with the patient revealed a complete lack of recall of all events occurring for up to an hour or more after the administration of intravenous midazolam. The need for written and oral postoperative instructions to both the patient and his/her escort is emphasized. PMID- 3166355 TI - Mapping of bovine prolactin and rhodopsin genes in hybrid somatic cells. AB - The genes encoding bovine prolactin and rhodopsin were assigned to syntenic groups on the basis of hybridization of DNA from a panel of bovine-hamster hybrid somatic cell lines with cloned prolactin and rhodopsin gene probes. Prolactin was found to be syntenic with previously mapped glyoxalase, BoLA and 21-hydroxylase genes, establishing a syntenic conservation with human chromosome 6. The presence of bovine rhodopsin sequences among the various hybrid cell lines was not concordant with any gene previously assigned to one of the 23 defined autosomal syntenic groups. Thus, rhodopsin marks a new bovine syntenic group, U24, leaving only five cattle autosomes unmarked by at least one biochemical or molecular marker. PMID- 3166356 TI - Ovine lymphocyte antigens: a comparison of Australian and European antisera. AB - Lymphocyte alloantigens were determined in 183 Australian merino sheep, using antisera from Australian and European laboratories. The study had two aims: (1) to compare reagents characterized in the different laboratories and to correlate antigen definition; and (2) to define lymphocyte antigens for use as genetic markers in two flocks of sheep which had been selectively bred for resistance or susceptibility to the intestinal parasite Trichostrongylus colubriformis, in order to extend a previous study which had indicated linkage between resistance to the parasite and the sheep major histocompatibility system. Good or excellent correspondence was found between four Australian and four European specificities and it was concluded that continued international collaboration would allow definition of markers for future genetic or disease susceptibility studies. PMID- 3166358 TI - Surgical management of thoracic malignancy in childhood: eight years' experience in Leeds. PMID- 3166357 TI - Effects of a low saturated fat, low cholesterol fish oil supplement in hypertriglyceridemic patients. A placebo-controlled trial. AB - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of fish oil supplements low in saturated fat and cholesterol on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in hypertriglyceridemic patients. DESIGN: Single-blind, placebo-controlled (safflower oil), crossover trial with 6-week treatment periods. SETTING: Outpatient lipid clinic in a university medical center. PATIENTS: Eleven adult patients had isolated hypertriglyceridemia (type IV) and seven had concomitant hypercholesterolemia (Type IIb). INTERVENTION: Twelve 1-g capsules of either fish oil or placebo (safflower oil) were taken daily during each treatment period. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Blood was drawn at the fifth and sixth week of each period and analyzed for total lipids; cholesterol in very low, low (LDL), and high density (HDL) lipoproteins (mmol/L); and apoprotein B (mg/dL). Compared with the placebo, fish oil lowered plasma triglyceride levels (4.0 +/- 1.8 to 2.5 +/- 1.0), and raised LDL cholesterol levels (3.7 +/- 1.75 to 4.25 +/- 0.85), apolipoprotein B levels (122 +/- 29 to 140 +/- 34), and the ratio of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (4.0 +/- 0.9 to 4.7 +/- 1.4) (P less than 0.05; mean +/- SD). No significant changes were seen in levels of HDL or HDL cholesterol subfractions. Similar responses were seen in patients with both type IIb and IV lipoprotein phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Because the fish oil supplement contributed negligible amounts of cholesterol and saturated fat to the diet, the n-3 fatty acids most likely caused the observed effects. These findings indicate that relatively small amounts of fish oil can have beneficial effects on plasma triglyceride levels in hypertriglyceridemic patients, but the increase in LDL cholesterol and apoprotein B levels, and in the LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio suggests the need for careful monitoring of plasma lipoprotein changes during fish oil supplementation, and for a careful evaluation of their long-term benefits. PMID- 3166359 TI - Bone penetration of enoxacin in patients with and without osteomyelitis. AB - Enoxacin concentrations in bone were measured in 24 patients without infection and in 7 with osteomyelitis after one or two doses of 400 mg of enoxacin administered orally or intravenously. Enoxacin concentrations were measured in serum and bone (cortical and cancellous) by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The mean concentration in serum was 2.4 +/- 1.0 micrograms/ml (range, 1.3 to 5.2 micrograms/ml) and was highest after two intravenous doses (3.1 +/- 0.9 micrograms/ml). The mean concentration in cortical bone was 1.0 +/- 0.9 micrograms/g (range, 0.4 to 4.8 micrograms/g) and was highest in patients with osteomyelitis (1.3 +/- 1.6 micrograms/g), but this was not statistically significant. The concentration of enoxacin in cancellous bone was significantly higher than that in cortical bone, with a penetration of 82 versus 40%. Oral enoxacin in practical doses can provide significant levels in bone, and further studies are warranted to determine its therapeutic efficacy in osteomyelitis. PMID- 3166360 TI - Efficacy of pefloxacin-fosfomycin in experimental endocarditis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The efficacies of pefloxacin, fosfomycin, and both of these agents in combination against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were assessed in a rat endocarditis model. The combination prevented emergence of the fosfomycin and pefloxacin resistance seen in 36 and 4%, respectively, of animals receiving either agent alone and was more effective than either agent in sterilizing cardiac vegetations. PMID- 3166361 TI - No cytogenetic effects of quinolone treatment in humans. AB - Cytogenetic effects of ciprofloxacin (500 to 2,000 mg daily) and ofloxacin (200 mg daily) were studied in lymphocytes from 31 patients treated for 1 to 10 weeks. Blood samples for cytogenetic analysis were taken before the start of treatment from all patients, after 1 week from 25 patients, and after 2, 4, 6, and 10 weeks from six patients. No chromosome-damaging effect could be demonstrated in any treatment group. The mean aberration yields for each cytogenetic parameter studied and the total number of aberrations were all normal at each sampling occasion. PMID- 3166362 TI - Release of alkaline phosphatase from human osteosarcoma cells by phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C: effect of tunicamycin. AB - Alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase [alkaline optimum], EC 3.1.3.1) expressed in two human osteosarcoma cell lines (Saos-2 and KTOO5) in culture was the tissue nonspecific type and was released from the plasma membrane by phosphatidylinositol (PI) phospholipase C. Despite a difference of 10-fold between the two cell lines in the amount of alkaline phosphatase expressed, the phospholipase solubilized nearly all of the phosphatase from resuspended cells of the two lines. Alkaline phosphatase released with Nonidet-P40 from Saos-2 cells had a Mr of 445,000 by gradient gel electrophoresis in the absence of detergent; that released by PI-phospholipase C was 200,000. The subunit Mr of both solubilized forms was 86,000. Thus, tetrameric alkaline phosphatase in the membrane is attached by a PI-glycan moiety and is converted to dimers when released by PI-phospholipase C. Tunicamycin treatment of Saos-2 cells in culture affected the release of alkaline phosphatase by a high concentration of PI-phospholipase C, but not by a low concentration; both the rate and extent of release were lower from treated cells. However, the enzyme released from the treated cells was in two forms with different molecular weights; it seems that both glycosylated and nonglycosylated dimers were transported to the cell surface and incorporated into the plasma membrane. Glycosylation does not appear to be necessary for alkaline phosphatase to be anchored in the membrane via PI. PMID- 3166363 TI - Phorbol ester stimulation of sphingomyelin synthesis in human leukemic HL60 cells. AB - Pulse-chase experiments, performed with 14C-labeled choline, were used to study the possible effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the terminal step of sphingomyelin (CerPCho) synthesis from phosphatidylcholine in intact human promyelocytic leukemic HL60 cells. Addition of TPA for the chase period significantly increased the rate of CerPCho synthesis; maximal stimulation (104%) required only 3 nM TPA. Treatment of cells with TPA for 6 h also increased the mass of CerPCho by 35%. Sphingosine (25 microM) or H7 (100 microM), inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) in vitro, inhibited some, but not all effects of TPA on endogenous protein phosphorylation in intact cells, and failed to inhibit TPA stimulated synthesis of CerPCho. However, bryostatin, mezerein, 1-oleoyl-2 acetylglycerol, and polymyxin B, previously all shown to stimulate PKC in vivo, also stimulated the synthesis of CerPCho. It is suggested that the effect of phorbol ester on CerPCho synthesis is mediated by a subtype of PKC which responds to known activators of enzyme but is not inhibited by H7 or sphingosine. PMID- 3166364 TI - Synthesis and biological properties of 5,10-dideaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid. AB - The synthesis of the antifolate 5,10-dideaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid (DDATHF) has been modified. It is prepared from 2-acetamido-6-formyl-4(3H) pyrido[2,3-b]pyrimidone and [P-(N-[1,3-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)propan-1 yl]aminocarbonyl)] phenylmethyl]-triphenylphosphonium bromide. The synthesis proceeds via a sodium hydride promoted Wittig condensation in 1-methyl-2 pyrrolidone followed by catalytic reduction, mild base hydrolysis, and acid precipitation of the product. Synthesis of DDATHF is achieved in a total of seven steps from commercially available reagents. DDATHF is transported effectively into CCRF-CEM cells and inhibits growth of both human (CEM) and murine (L1210) cells in culture. Studies reported here support the view that methotrexate and DDATHF are transported via a shared transport mechanism. PMID- 3166365 TI - [Diagnosis of cancer at the DNA level]. AB - Recent recombinant DNA techniques have made possible the production of gene probes and the search for genetic damage in neoplastic cells, and now occupy one of the central place in cancer research. More recently, detection of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene rearrangements has been shown to be a powerful procedure for identifying monoclonality and the cellular lineage of lymphoid cells even when conventional studies give an ambiguous diagnosis. Such genetic markers are not only useful for differential diagnosis and classification, but serves also as a sensitive unique clonal marker to detect early cancer relapse. In a similar manner, chromosomal translocations associated with specific disease types can be detected with DNA probes in southern blot analysis without the use of conventional cytogenetics. These methods have wider application and will play an increasing role in the clinical use in the near future. PMID- 3166367 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa simplex responding to isotretinoin. PMID- 3166366 TI - [Levels of circulating tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72) in patients with carcinoma using a novel tumor marker, CA 72-4]. AB - CA72-4 is a novel quantitative immunoradiometric assay system utilizing two monoclonal antibodies CC-49 and B72.3, which recognize a tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72). We have utilized the CA72-4 RIA kit to measure serum levels of TAG-72 in 205 patients with carcinoma and 192 patients without carcinoma. The cut-off value (4.0 U/ml) was obtained according to the levels and the distribution of CA72-4 in 468 healthy individuals. The positive rates in 82 patients with gastric cancer, 55 with colorectal cancer, 24 with pancreatico choledochal cancer, 36 with breast cancer, and 3 with ovarian cancer were 52%, 55%, 46%, 39%, and 67%, respectively. Fifty percent of the sera from 205 patients with carcinoma demonstrated increased levels of CA72-4, whereas only 10% of the sera from 192 patients without evidence of malignancy showed levels more than 4.0 U/ml. The average level of serum CA72-4 in the patients with carcinoma was 38.6 U/ml, much higher than that (2.7 U/ml) in patients without malignancy. The patients with gastrointestinal cancer at advanced stages or at recurrence showed higher levels of serum CA72-4 than the patients with cancer at early stages. These results thus indicate that CA72-4 is clinically useful as a novel tumor marker, especially for monitoring serum levels of TAG-72 in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer and other epithelial malignancies. PMID- 3166368 TI - Precocious and premature puberty associated with treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3166370 TI - [Fatal cerebral toxoplasmosis in a leukemia child in remission]. AB - We report the case of a 4 year-old boy who died from cerebral toxoplasmosis while in remission from acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The clinical picture was remarkably insidious and non specific: diagnosis is particularly difficult in immunodepressed patients. Diagnosis was made on seroconversion. No autopsy was performed. An association of sulfadiazine-pyrimethamine is often effective, but the prognosis is poor in the absence of a specific and precocious treatment. PMID- 3166369 TI - Effects of prostaglandin E2 on disease activity, gastric secretion and intestinal permeability, and morphology in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The effects of oral natural prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on symptoms, disease activity, and gastrointestinal functions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied in an open pilot trial. Twelve patients, six taking and six not taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), received 1 mg natural PGE2 three times a day for six weeks. The treatment was tolerated well and the only side effect noted was slightly looser stools in three patients. Half of the patients reported subjective improvement and none had aggravation of symptoms. The Ritchie articular index and several biochemical inflammation markers decreased and were significantly reduced at the end of the treatment period. The thickness of the small intestinal mucosa increased during the PGE2 treatment. The intestinal permeability pattern, measured by urinary excretion of polyethylene glycols (PEG 400), differed between the patients taking and not taking NSAIDs. The initially high urinary PEG 400 excretion values in the patients taking NSAIDs decreased and the initially low excretion values in patients not taking NSAIDs increased during the PGE2 treatment. The jejunal contents became sterile in 5/6 patients not taking NSAIDs and remained sterile in 1/6 patients taking NSAIDs at the end of the treatment. The treatment period was associated with a reduction of lactobacilli in patients not treated with NSAIDs. Thus the treatment appeared to decrease disease activity and to improve small intestinal functions in patients with RA, findings that need confirmation in a controlled trial. PMID- 3166371 TI - Use of the Technicon H-1 in the characterization of leukemias. AB - The Technicon H-1 is a hematology analyzer that performs a complete blood cell count and white blood cell differential using both cytochemistry and flow technology. Two white blood cell cytograms are produced based on peroxidase activity and nuclear characteristics of the cells. Ninety cases of leukemia were studied. The 25 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) could be distinguished from the 39 cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia as the lymphocyte percentage was greater than 50% in the ALL cases and the mean peroxidase index value was 0 in 80% of the cases. The ALL cases and the chronic lymphocytic leukemia cases also had different cytogram patterns. Subtypes of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia could not be absolutely distinguished, although promyelocytic leukemias (M3) had characteristic cytograms and a monocyte percentage above 15% suggested a monocytic component (M4 or M5). Chronic myelogenous leukemia likewise seemed to have a recognizable pattern. Since a sample takes only 60 s to process, information is readily available. The unique data available from this instrument should provide a significant advancement in the automated hematology field. PMID- 3166372 TI - Bilateral perifoveal ischemia associated with chronic granulocytic leukemia. Case report. PMID- 3166373 TI - Effects of oleic acid on the biosynthesis of lipoprotein apoproteins and distribution into the very-low-density lipoprotein by the isolated perfused rat liver. AB - The effects of oleic acid on the biosynthesis and secretion of VLDL (very-low density-lipoprotein) apoproteins and lipids were investigated in isolated perfused rat liver. Protein synthesis was measured by the incorporation of L-[4,5 3H]leucine into the VLDL apoproteins (d less than 1.006) and into apolipoproteins of the whole perfusate (d less than 1.21). Oleate did not affect incorporation of [3H]leucine into total-perfusate or hepatic protein. The infusion of oleate, however, increased the mass and radioactivity of the VLDL apoprotein in proportion to the concentration of oleate infused. Uptake of oleate was similar with livers from fed or fasted animals. Fasting itself (24 h) decreased the net secretion and incorporation of [3H]leucine into total VLDL apoprotein and decreased the output of VLDL protein by the liver. A linear relationship existed between the output of VLDL triacylglycerol (mumol/h per g of liver) and secretion and/or synthesis of VLDL protein. Net output of VLDL cholesterol and phospholipid also increased linearly with VLDL-triacylglycerol output. Oleate stimulated incorporation of [3H]leucine into VLDL apo (apolipoprotein) E and apo C by livers from fed animals, and into VLDL apo Bh, B1, E and C by livers from fasted rats. The incorporation of [3H]leucine into individual apolipoproteins of the total perfusate lipoprotein (d less than 1.210 ultracentrifugal fraction) was not changed significantly by oleate during perfusion of livers from fed rats, suggesting that the synthesis de novo of each apolipoprotein was not stimulated by oleate. This is in contrast with that observed with livers from fasted rats, in which the synthesis of the total-perfusate lipoprotein (d less than 1.210 fraction) apo B, E and C was apparently stimulated by oleate. The observations with livers from fed rats suggest redistribution of radioactive apolipoproteins to the VLDL during or after the process of secretion, rather than an increase of apoprotein synthesis de novo. It appears, however, that the biosynthesis of apo B1, Bh, E and C was stimulated by oleic acid in livers from fasted rats. Since the incorporations of [3H]leucine into the VLDL and total-perfusate apolipoproteins were increased in fasted-rat liver when the fatty acid was infused, part of the apparent stimulated synthesis of the VLDL apoprotein may be in response to the increased formation and secretion of VLDL lipid. PMID- 3166374 TI - Conditioned media of Kupffer and endothelial liver cells influence protein phosphorylation in parenchymal liver cells. Involvement of prostaglandins. AB - The possible role of Kupffer and endothelial liver cells in the regulation of parenchymal-liver-cell function was assessed by studying the influence of conditioned media of isolated Kupffer and endothelial cells on protein phosphorylation in isolated parenchymal cells. The phosphorylation state of three proteins was selectively influenced by the conditioned media. The phosphorylation state of an Mr-63,000 protein was decreased and the phosphorylation state of an Mr-47,000 and an Mr-97,000 protein was enhanced by these media. These effects could be mimicked by adding either prostaglandin E1, E2 or D2. Both conditioned media and prostaglandins stimulated the phosphorylase activity in parenchymal liver cells, suggesting that the Mr-97,000 phosphoprotein might be phosphorylase. Parenchymal liver cells secrete a phosphoprotein of Mr-63,000 and pI 5.0-5.5. The phosphorylation of this protein is inhibited by Kupffer- and endothelial-liver cell media, and prostaglandins E1, E2 and D2 had a similar effect. The data indicate that Kupffer and endothelial liver cells secrete factors which influence the protein phosphorylation in parenchymal liver cells. This forms further evidence that products from non-parenchymal liver cells, in particular prostaglandin D2, might regulate glucose homoeostasis and/or other specific metabolic processes inside parenchymal cells. This stresses the concept of cellular communication inside the liver as a way by which the liver can rapidly respond to extrahepatic signals. PMID- 3166375 TI - Studies on the autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor from human placenta. Analysis of the sites phosphorylated by two-dimensional peptide mapping. AB - 1. A partially purified preparation of human placental insulin receptors was incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP in the presence or absence of insulin. The 32P labelled insulin-receptor beta-subunits were then isolated, cleaved with trypsin followed by protease V8 and the [32P]phosphopeptides generated were analysed by thin layer electrophoresis and chromatography. This approach revealed that insulin stimulates autophosphorylation of the insulin-receptor beta-subunit in vitro on at least seven tyrosine residues distributed among three distinct domains. 2. One domain (domain 2), containing tyrosine residues 1146, 1150 and 1151 was the most rapidly phosphorylated and could be recovered as mono-, di- and triphosphorylated peptides cleaved by trypsin at Arg-1143 and either Lys-1153 or Lys-1156. Multiple phosphorylation of this domain appears to partially inhibit the cleavage at Lys-1153 by trypsin. 3. In a second domain (domain 3) containing two phosphorylated tyrosine residues at positions 1316 and 1322 the tyrosines were phosphorylated more slowly than those in domain 2. This domain is close to the C-terminus of the beta-subunit polypeptide chain. 4. At least two further tyrosine residues appeared to be phosphorylated after those in domains 2 and 3. These residues probably residue within a domain lying in close proximity to the inner face of the plasma membrane containing tyrosines 953, 960 and 972, but conclusive evidence is still required. 5. The two-dimensional thin-layer analysis employed in this study to investigate insulin-receptor phosphorylation has several advantages over previous methods based on reverse-phase chromatography. It allows greater resolution of 32P-labelled tryptic peptides and, when coupled to radioautography, is considerably more sensitive. The approach can be readily adapted to study phosphorylation of the insulin receptor within intact cells. PMID- 3166376 TI - Reoxygenation injury in isolated hepatocytes: cell death precedes conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase. AB - Reoxygenation of isolated hepatocytes from fed rats after 3 h of anaerobic incubation led to a significantly enhanced loss of cell viability. No evidence for the participation of reactive oxygen species generated by xanthine oxidase in this reoxygenation injury was found. Conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase occurred at a time when almost all of the hepatocytes had lost their viability. Furthermore, xanthine dehydrogenase was first released from the severely injured cells and then converted to the oxidase form. The results suggest that in the intact organ participation of reactive oxygen species, generated by xanthine oxidase, in reoxygenation injury may only occur when, upon reoxygenation, hypoxic cell injury in part of the tissue has progressed to such an extent that there is a significant conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase. PMID- 3166377 TI - Pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin in normal and impaired renal function. AB - Ten healthy young volunteers (mean age 28 years) and 24 patients (mean age 54 years) suffering from various degrees of chronic renal failure received an infusion of 400 mg pefloxacin (1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1, 4-dihydro-7-(4-methyl-1 piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid) over 30 min. The blood and urine levels of pefloxacin and of the two metabolites pefloxacin-N-oxide and norfloxacin were determined using the HPLC method. Blood levels were taken after periods of 0, 60, 120, 180, 360, 600, 720, 1440, 2880, 3360 min, and in patients suffering from renal insufficiency also after 4320 min. The urine was collected and analyzed during the periods of 0-2, 2-4, 4-10 (12) h and then in longer periods up to 72 h. In all subjects, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR, by chrome-51-EDTA) and the plasma creatinine level were determined. Effective levels against bacteria lying in pefloxacin's spectrum can be found in the plasma for about 1.5 days and in the urine for about 2.5 days. Patients suffering from chronic renal failure have pefloxacin plasma levels which beyond 24 h are higher than in healthy persons. This can be explained by both: impaired renal and extrarenal elimination. The volume of distribution of the volunteer and the patient group does not differ significantly. Therapeutic urine levels could be found in patients up to 48 h after end of infusion. Even in patients requiring regular hemodialysis, therapeutic urine levels were found up to 24 h (if urine could be produced at all). The substance therefore is a suitable remedy for urinary infections in dialysis patients as well.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3166378 TI - AIDS in Britain. PMID- 3166379 TI - Immunoscintigraphy of ovarian endometriosis. A preliminary study. AB - CA-125 is a membrane antigen detected in the serum of some women with gynaecological disease including endometriosis. We attempted to use a radioiodinated anti-CA-125 monoclonal antibody, OC-125, to image ovarian endometriosis using immunoscintigraphy. Two women with significant endometriosis and normal serum CA-125 levels had positive immunoscintigraphy. In one woman, all areas of endometriosis were imaged; in the other, endometriosis in one affected ovary was seen, but uptake in the other ovary was less than the extent of the disease. PMID- 3166380 TI - Spectrofluorometric measurements of the dispersion state of pyrenedodecanoic acid and its uptake by cultured cells and liposomes. AB - Pyrene dodecanoic acid (P12), a medium-chain fatty acid to which the fluorescent probe pyrene is covalently linked, showed a considerable increase in fluorescence when the probe was introduced into a hydrophobic environment. Also, when closely packed in an aggregate, an energy transfer between two adjacent molecules of pyrene occurred, resulting in a shift of the peak of the emission spectrum from 378 nm ('monomeric') to 475 nm ('excimeric'). These two respective properties were utilized for the following: (a) A spectrofluorometric measurement of the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of the pyrene fatty acid, defined as the concentration at which the 475 nm emission peak appeared as a consequence of the aggregation of P12 molecules in aqueous solution to form micelles; the CMC of P12 was found to be in the range of 1 to 2 microM. (b) The penetration of P12, from an aqueous solution or dispersion, into unilamellar phospholipid vesicles was determined by monitoring the increase of the fluorescence at 378 nm. The fluorescence increase was time-dependent and proportional to the respective concentrations of P12 or phospholipid vesicles. Substituting the neutral phosphatidylcholine with the negatively-charged phosphatidylserine vesicles resulted in a slower rate as well as lesser total uptake of P12. (c) The uptake of P12 by cells was accompanied by an increase in the monomeric fluorescence emission intensity. Using cells in suspension, this could be followed continuously in a spectrofluorometer equipped with a recorder. The uptake was found to be time-dependent and proportional to P12 concentration. PMID- 3166381 TI - Sulfation in vitro of mucus glycoprotein by submandibular salivary gland: effects of prostaglandin and acetylsalicylic acid. AB - Enzymatic sulfation of mucus glycoprotein by rat submandibular salivary gland and the effect of prostaglandin and acetylsalicylic acid on this process were investigated in vitro. The sulfotransferase enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of sulfate ester group from 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate to submandibular gland mucus glycoprotein has been located in the detergent extracts of Golgi-rich membrane fraction of the gland. Optimum enzyme activity was obtained at pH 6.8 with 0.5% Triton X-100, 25 mM NaF and 4 mM MgCl2, using the desulfated glycoprotein. The enzyme was also capable of sulfation of the intact mucus glycoprotein, but the acceptor capacity of such glycoprotein was 68% lower. The apparent Km of the submandibular gland sulfotransferase for salivary mucus glycoprotein was 11.1 microM. The 35S-labeled glycoprotein product of the enzyme reaction gave in CsCl density gradient a 35S-labeled peak which coincided with that of the glycoprotein. This glycoprotein upon reductive beta-elimination yielded several acidic 35S-labeled oligosaccharide alditols which accounted for 75% of the 35S-labeled glycoprotein label. Based on the analytical data, the two most abundant oligosaccharides were identified as sulfated tri- and pentasaccharides. The submandibular gland sulfotransferase activity was stimulated by 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 and inhibited by acetylsalicylic acid. The rate of enhancement of the glycoprotein sulfation was proportional to the concentration of prostaglandin up to 2.10(-5) M, at which point a 31% increase in sulfation was attained. The inhibition of the glycoprotein sulfation by acetylsalicylic acid was proportional to the drug concentration up to 2.5.10( 4) M at which concentration a 48% reduction in the sulfotransferase activity occurred. The apparent Ki value for sulfation of salivary mucus glycoprotein in presence of acetylsalicylic acid was 58.9 microM. The results suggest that prostaglandins may play a role in salivary mucin sulfation and that this process is sensitive to such nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents as acetylsalicylic acid. PMID- 3166383 TI - [Disordered long-term memory in mice as affected by azidothymidine]. AB - An action of azidothymidine (AZT) on the acquisition of passive avoidance behaviour was studied in mice. Intraperitoneal administration of AZT (5-80 mg/kg) inhibited markedly the formation of passive avoidance behaviour. AZT had amnestic effect when administered 1 hour before learning, immediately after learning, 1 to 3 hours, but not 5 hours after learning. Administration of AZT 1 hour before learning had no influence on passive avoidance behaviour tested 24 hours later. The first signs of amnesia appeared 48 hours after learning and the effect was maximum during testing one week after learning. It is suggested that this effect of AZT may indicate the necessity of reverse transcription in the nervous cells for the consolidation of long-term memory. PMID- 3166382 TI - Modification of the glyoxalase system in human HL60 promyelocytic leukaemia cells during differentiation to neutrophils in vitro. AB - The glyoxalase system of human promyelocytic leukaemia HL60 cells was substantially modified during differentiation to neutrophils. The activity of glyoxalase I was decreased and the activity of glyoxalase II was markedly increased relative to the level in control HL60 promyelocytes. There was a decrease in the apparent maximum velocity, Vmax, of glyoxalase I, and an increase in the Vmax of glyoxalase II. The apparent Michaelis constants for both enzymes remained unchanged. The flux of intermediates metabolised via the glyoxalase system increased during differentiation, as judged by the formation of D-lactic acid, whereas the percentage of glucotriose metabolised via the glyoxalase system remained unchanged. The cellular concentrations of the glyoxalase substrates, methylglyoxal and S-D-lactoylglutathione, were markedly decreased during differentiation. The maturation of HL60 promyelocytes is associated with an increased ability to metabolise S-D-lactoylglutathione by glyoxalase II and a concomitant decrease in the mean intracellular concentrations of S-D lactoylglutathione and methylglyoxal. The maintenance of a high concentration of S-D-lactoylglutathione in HL60 promyelocytes may be related to the status of the microtubular cytoskeleton, since S-D-lactoylglutathione potentiates the GTP promoted assembly of microtubules. PMID- 3166386 TI - Complete remission in acute promyelocytic leukemia? PMID- 3166385 TI - Antigen test v neopterin test. PMID- 3166384 TI - Surface antigenic profile and globin phenotype of two new human erythroleukemia lines: characterization and interpretations. AB - Detailed characterization of the composite phenotype of two newly established erythroleukemia lines (OCIM1, OCIM2) shows that these lines share many of their erythroid markers (ie, surface antigens and globin program) as well as several of their nonerythroid properties (myeloid/monocytic/megakaryocytic) with the two known erythroleukemia lines (K562, HEL). In addition, each displays novel and instructive features. We argue that the surface and globin phenotype of all erythroleukemia lines is nonrandom and that it may be of physiologic relevance; it could represent the most prevalent phenotype of cells transformed by leukemia in vivo, and it raises the possibility that cells with similar potentials exist transiently during normal hematopoietic differentiation before their irreversible commitment to a single lineage. As such, these cells demonstrate a greater phenotypic adaptability in vitro than do their single lineage-committed counterparts since they can differentiate toward more than one lineage. PMID- 3166387 TI - Combined congenital deficiencies of intrinsic factor and R binder. AB - Coexisting deficiencies of both intrinsic factor (IF) and R binder were identified in an Algerian boy who presented with severe megaloblastic anemia, growth retardation, and neurologic dysfunction with typical features of subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. The anemia responded completely to cyanocobalamin and folic acid. IF was absent from gastric juice, but acid secretion and gastric mucosa were normal. R binders were absent from gastric juices as well as from serum, saliva, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The patient's father exhibited absence of R binder in his serum with a low serum vitamin B12 level and was asymptomatic. This unique case of simultaneous IF and R binder deficiencies suggests a genetic association between these two functionally and immunologically dissimilar, but structurally close vitamin B12-binding proteins. PMID- 3166388 TI - In vitro culture studies of blood and marrow cells in chronic myeloid leukemia at different phases of the disease. AB - The in vitro culture growth of peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) cells were studied simultaneously from 100 adult patients with chronic myeloid leukemia at different phases. Sixty-five patients were investigated at initial diagnosis, 30 patients in control phase, and 41 patients in blast phase. In untreated chronic phase, the relative concentrations of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) in BM were not significantly different from those of normal controls, but there was generally a marked increase in circulating CFU-GM. The 6 Ph1-negative patients did not show different growth characteristics. We were unable to correlate the CFU-GM number to any of the hematologic parameters as well as to the response to busulfan therapy. Pretreated patients with excessive cluster formation did not necessarily indicate impending blast crisis. In hematologic remission, the numbers of CFU-GM in both BM and PB were well within the ranges of normal controls. Culture results in blast phase revealed a spectrum of abnormal growth. In myeloid crisis, 14/29 BM and 12/29 PB samples showed increased colony and cluster formations which were composed predominantly of immature cells with variable degeneration. Marrow cells in lymphoid crisis produced low numbers of both colonies and clusters in 5 out of 8 patients, while blood cells from 8 out of 10 patients formed large amount of colonies of normal morphology. This study indicates that the in vitro CFU-GM assay may have diagnostic utility in differentiating lymphoid crisis from myeloid crisis. PMID- 3166395 TI - Epidural granulocytic sarcoma in acute myeloid leukemia with 8;21 translocation. AB - Three patients with M2 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in whom cord compression developed due to epidural granulocytic sarcoma are reported and compared with six similar patients described previously. These three cases had 8;21 translocation, t (8;21), in the marrow karyotype and also in the karyotype of granulocytic sarcoma tissue obtained from two of the cases. Treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be effective, but an emergency laminectomy should be performed if there is rapid neurologic progression. PMID- 3166390 TI - Start a DNA diagnostic service. PMID- 3166389 TI - Blast crisis of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). Treatment results of 69 patients. AB - We have studied the clinical courses of 69 patients with blastic crises of Philadelphia chromosome positive CML to identify parameters that were associated with an increased response rate or survival. Cytogenetic analysis at the time of blastic transformation revealed additional chromosome changes in 70% of the patients tested. Bone marrow fibrosis was detected in 58% of evaluable patients. Lymphoblastic transformation was seen in 28% of the patients tested with cell surface marker analysis. The value of 5'-nucleotidase as a marker for distinguishing lymphoid from non-lymphoid blast crisis was confirmed. Of 57 evaluable patients, 23 (40%) responded to therapy (CR/PR longer than 14 days). Median survival was 75 days. Longer survival was related to the following factors: Ph1-chromosome as the only detectable cytogenetic abnormality; lymphoblastic transformation; no bone marrow fibrosis; high percentage of blasts and promyelocytes in the bone marrow, and response to therapy. No prognostic significance was associated with age, sex, Tdt, LDH, spleen size, duration of the chronic phase of the disease, white blood cell count, Hb, platelet count and percentages of basophils, eosinophils, erythroblasts and blasts and promyelocytes in the peripheral blood. These data confirm the poor prognosis of patients with blastic crisis of CML treated by conventional chemotherapy. PMID- 3166396 TI - Use of serum CA-125 in monitoring patients with uterine sarcoma. A preliminary report. AB - Elevated preoperative serum CA-125 levels were present in three of four patients (75%) with Stage I uterine sarcoma found to have extrauterine spread of disease at laparotomy as well as five of seven (71%) patients with clinically advanced and recurrent uterine sarcoma. Serial levels during chemotherapy inconsistently reflected response to treatment and proved to have limited clinical value. PMID- 3166397 TI - Carcinoma of the gallbladder. A clinicopathology of 103 patients and a newly proposed staging. AB - Tissue samples from 103 patients with gallbladder carcinoma were examined, using 5-mm stepwise tissue sections. Three pathologic stages were used: Stage I; carcinoma invading not further than the muscle coat of the gallbladder, with or without extension along Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses in the subserosa (11 cases); Stage II, carcinoma extending to the subserosal fibroadipose tissue of the gallbladder (73 cases); and Stage III: carcinoma invading the adjacent organs such as the duodenum, liver, and colon (19 cases). In the 11 patients with Stage I carcinoma, there was no apparent lymph node metastasis and all remained well for 3 months to 14 years after the initial operation. The cumulative 3-year survival rate of Stage I (100%) was significantly higher than of Stage II (40%) and Stage III (10%) (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.001). The Stage I tumors, therefore, can be defined as early carcinoma of the gallbladder. Dysplastic epithelium was seen in the mucosa adjacent to the malignant lesion in 57% of those with gallbladder carcinoma: 73% in Stage I, 59% in Stage II, and 42% in Stage III. Nine gallbladders had multiple foci of adenocarcinoma in a background of a diffuse dysplasia. Immunohistochemical study for carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 resulted in positive staining of the dysplastic epithelial element adjacent to the invasive carcinoma and, in a similar fashion, in the carcinoma itself, thereby indicating a close relation between the epithelial dysplasia and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. PMID- 3166398 TI - Expression of blood group-related antigens ABH, Lewis A, Lewis B, Lewis X, Lewis Y, and CA 19-9 in pancreatic cancer cells in comparison with the patient's blood group type. AB - Blood group A, B, H, Le, Leb, Lex, and Ley antigenicity as well as the expression of CA 19-9 were examined in pancreatic cancer specimens from 30 patients, using monoclonal antibodies to the respective antigen and immunohistochemical techniques, and the findings were correlated with the blood group types (ABO and Lewis) of the individuals. Compatible antigen expression was found in 82, 75, and 50% of tumors from patients with A, B, and O blood group types, respectively. Deletion of the compatible antigen was found in 10 (33%) of the cases, predominantly in patients of blood group O type, and incompatible expression (of B antigen only) in 4 (13%). Lea was detected in 87%, Leb in 90%, Lex in 30%, and Ley in 43% of the specimens, regardless of ABH and Lewis phenotype of the patients. Coexpression of Lea and Leb was found in 87%, of Lex and Ley in 13%, of Lea and Lex in 23%, and of Leb and Ley in 40% of the cases. CA 19-9 was expressed in 80% of the tumors; it was present in the tumor tissue of 21 of 22 patients from Lea-b+, in all 4 individuals from Lea+b-, but in none of the 4 patients from Lea-b- phenotype (P less than 0.01). Heterogeneity in the expression of each of the antigens was found. The overall results indicate that blood group antigen expression in pancreatic tumor differs from that of other gastrointestinal cancers and that the Lewis antigen expression in pancreatic cancer cells is independent of the blood group phenotype of the patients and thus may be useful as a tumor marker. PMID- 3166399 TI - Timing of chemotherapy and surgery in a murine osteosarcoma model. AB - The sequential use of chemotherapy and surgery in the treatment of osteosarcoma developed in an empirical fashion without the benefit of investigations in animal models. The MGH-OGS murine osteosarcoma is a transplantable tumor that resembles the human disease with respect to histology, local invasiveness, metastatic characteristics, tumor ploidy, and its response to chemotherapy. We have used this tumor model to investigate the efficacy of preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative chemotherapy on the development of pulmonary metastases in three different experimental protocols. In each experimental design, perioperative chemotherapy demonstrated a significant advantage in preventing systemic relapse. PMID- 3166401 TI - Tort reform. PMID- 3166400 TI - Pharmacokinetic and phase I evaluation of esorubicin (4'-deoxydoxorubicin) by continuous infusion over forty-eight hours in patients with leukemia. AB - Sixteen patients with previously treated acute nonlymphocytic leukemia or chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis were given one to three courses of esorubicin by continuous infusion over 48 h. Dosage levels extended from 35 to 85 mg/m2. Four patients showed partial responses of short duration. Nonhematological toxicity observed at dosages of 55 to 85 mg/m2 were mucositis, diarrhea, skin rash, transaminitis, nausea, vomiting, and cardiac dysfunction. One patient receiving 85 mg/m2 developed acute florid congestive heart failure within hours of administration of the drug. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed large interpatient variation in plasma drug levels. At the end of infusion, plasma decay of esorubicin was rapid initially but slow thereafter, with a terminal half life of 20 to 54 h. The metabolite 4'-deoxy-13-hydroxydoxorubicin reached significant plasma levels. Total body clearance, renal clearance, volume of distribution at steady state, and mean residence time show little variation during dose escalation for both esorubicin and 4'-deoxy-13-hydroxydoxorubicin. Urinary excretion of esorubicin and 4'-deoxy-13-hydroxydoxorubicin accounted for 10.5 and 1.5%, respectively, of the administered dose. PMID- 3166402 TI - Conscious sedation. PMID- 3166403 TI - Some evidence revealed. PMID- 3166404 TI - Dear insurance rep. PMID- 3166405 TI - CDA's position clarified. PMID- 3166407 TI - Dental benefit plans. PMID- 3166406 TI - AIDS risk. PMID- 3166408 TI - Peer review. PMID- 3166409 TI - Prevention of dental disease. PMID- 3166410 TI - Licensure by credentials. PMID- 3166411 TI - Early response to tumor necrosis factor of human promyelocytic leukemia cell lines sensitive and resistant to the factor. AB - Early cellular events with respect to protein synthesis and the steady-state level of cellular myc (c-myc) mRNA were analyzed in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-sensitive human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 and in its TNF resistant variant HL-60R after their exposure to TNF. Addition of TNF at 100 units (U)/ml induced de novo synthesis of two proteins with apparent molecular masses of 100 kDa and 40 kDa in HL-60 cells. The induced synthesis of the 100 kDa protein continued for 6 h, while that of the 40 kDa protein was transient. The 100 kDa protein was detectable in HL-60R cells which were maintained in medium containing 1,000 U/ml TNF, whereas the synthesis of the 40 kDa protein could be transiently induced by TNF at 10(5) U/ml. Dot blot hybridization revealed that the steady-state level of c-myc mRNA in HL-60 cells was transiently reduced by TNF at 100 U/ml but remained at a reduced level for 6 h when 10(5) U/ml TNF was present. In HL-60R cells, TNF at 10(5) U/ml could transiently reduce the c-myc mRNA level. These results showed that induction of the synthesis of a 40 kDa protein and a reduction in the steady-state level of c-myc mRNA were concomitant with cellular sensitivity to the cytostatic action of TNF in HL-60 cells. PMID- 3166413 TI - Twentieth annual Oak Ridge Conference on Advanced Concepts for the Clinical Laboratory. PMID- 3166414 TI - Dominating patents: a view from the bridge. PMID- 3166412 TI - Clonal isolation and characterization of myoblast-like reconstituted cells formed by fusion of karyoplasts from mouse teratocarcinoma cells with rat myoblast cytoplasts. AB - To examine the roles of the cytoplasms of differentiated somatic cells on nuclear gene expression, reconstituted cells (RC-cells) were isolated clonally by fusing karyoplasts (isolated nuclei) from neomycin-resistant mouse teratocarcinoma PCC4 neor cells with cytoplasts (isolated cytoplasms) of chloramphenicol (CAP) resistant rat myoblasts L6TG.CAPr cells, and after double selection in the medium containing 400 micrograms/ml of neomycin and 100 micrograms/ml of CAP (G418 plus CAP medium). The RC-cells were characterized by the presence of two genetic markers, neomycin- and CAP-resistance, by the absence of latex beads which had incorporated into karyoplast donor PCC4-neor cells as a cytoplasmic physical marker, and by the similar karyotypes as that of parental PCC4-neor cells. In contrast to the teratocarcinoma cybrids previously isolated, all the isolated RC clones expressed myoblast-like morphologies of three types. The phenotypic expression of these RC-cells was compared with that of PCD-1 cells, a teratocarcinoma-derived myoblast line. RC-cells and PCD-1 cells did not express alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity while parental PCC4-neor expressed it strongly. After induction of myogenic differentiation by treatments with excess thymidine and conditioned medium, two clones were capable of forming short multinucleated cells. The protein synthetic patterns of RC-cells analysed by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel were different from PCC4-neor cells, and quite resembled those of PCD-1 cells. Particularly, multinucleated RC-clones expressed alpha-tropomyosin, and contained 10 nm filaments, characteristic markers of early myogenic cells. These results suggest that the RC-cells are myoblast-like cells, that a few of them maturate to partially differentiated myogenic cells, that the rat myoblast cytoplasm contains regulatory factor(s) able to determine the myogenic cell lineage of the undifferentiated stem cells, and that this factor is continuously expressed in these myoblasts. PMID- 3166415 TI - Evaluation of three commercial kits for the confirmation of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). PMID- 3166416 TI - Factor X deficiency during treatment of relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia with amsacrine. PMID- 3166417 TI - Organization of the distal end of mouse chromosome 4. PMID- 3166418 TI - Approaching the mouse Steel locus from closely linked molecular markers. PMID- 3166419 TI - From phenotype to gene: molecular cloning in the Brachyury (T) locus region. PMID- 3166420 TI - Dose linearity testing of intravenous ofloxacin, a novel gyrase inhibitor. AB - After intravenous bolus injection of single doses of 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg of ofloxacin (HOE 280) to 34 healthy male volunteers, concentrations of unchanged drug were estimated at various times in serum and urine over 32 and 48 h. Ofloxacin concentrations were determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). A linear relationship between dose and Cmax (r = 0.91), AUC0-32 (r = 0.95), AUC infinity (r = 0.96) and urinary recovery (r = 0.98) was demonstrated for the doses tested (25-100 mg). The biological half-life (t1/2,beta was determined by fitting a two-compartment open model to the data: t1/2,beta was about 4.5-5.1 h (HPLC, mean values) and was not dose-dependent. Clinically relevant high concentrations of unchanged ofloxacin were detected in urine after the lowest dose (25 mg) for about 24 h, and after the highest dose (100 g) for at least 36 h. General tolerance was good. A slight transient drop in blood pressure was seen after 25 mg in one case; in another, local venous irritation and later restlessness were observed after 75 mg. No specific countermeasures, except for a saline injection into the vein, were needed. All volunteers completed the study as planned. PMID- 3166421 TI - [Epidemiology of HIV in blood donors in West Germany]. AB - Of a total of 5.6 million blood donations by 1.6 million German Red Cross donors between July, 1985 and December, 1987 tested for HIV antibodies 210 were found to be positive in at least one Western blot. Calculated per quarter, the prevalence (for first-time donors) of 10 per 100,000 in 1985 decreased to 4 per 100,000 in 1986, while the incidence (for multiple donors) was a constant 2 per 100,000 for each quarter in 1987. This indicates that new HIV infections were rare in blood donors and there was no exponential increase. Further analysis revealed that over 90% of those with confirmed Western blot positive results were members of risk groups or their direct contacts. The age and sex distribution conformed to the known pattern for AIDS cases in the Federal Republic of Germany. The data demonstrate that there is at present no indication of a rapid spread of HIV infections transmitted heterosexually among blood donors. PMID- 3166422 TI - Polytene chromosomes in mouse trophoblast giant cells. AB - Mouse trophoblast giant cells undergo successive rounds of DNA replication resulting in amplification of the genome. It has been difficult to determine whether giant cell chromosomes are polyploid as in liver cells or polytene as in Dipteran salivary glands because the chromosomes do not condense. We have examined the pattern of hybridization of mouse giant cells with a variety of in situ chromosome markers to address this question. Hemizygous markers displayed one hybridization signal per nucleus in both diploid and giant cells, while homozygous markers displayed two signals per nucleus in both cell types. These patterns are consistent with cytological evidence indicating that giant cell chromosomes are polytene rather than polyploid. However, in contrast to the situation in Dipteran salivary glands, the two homologues do not appear to be closely associated. We conclude that the mechanism of giant cell DNA amplification involves multiple rounds of DNA replication in the absence of both karyokinesis and cytokinesis, and that sister chromatids, but not homologous chromosomes, remain closely associated during this process. PMID- 3166423 TI - Cell-autonomous action of the testis-determining gene: Sertoli cells are exclusively XY in XX----XY chimaeric mouse testes. AB - The distribution of XX and XY cells in XX----XY chimaeric mouse testes was analysed by enzyme marker analysis of separated testicular tissues and by in situ DNA marker analysis of air-dried testicular cells and testis sections. XX cells contributed to the Leydig cells, the peritubular cells and the vascularized connective tissue of the tunica albuginea. The Sertoli cells, on the other hand, appeared to be exclusively XY. These results indicate that during the development of the testis, Sertoli cell differentiation is triggered by cell-autonomous activity of the Y chromosomal testis-determining gene Tdy. Subsequent steps in testis differentiation may be a consequence of Sertoli cell activity. PMID- 3166424 TI - Intracellular serine-protease zymogen, factor C, from horseshoe crab hemocytes. Its activation by synthetic lipid A analogues and acidic phospholipids. AB - An intracellular clotting factor, factor C, found in the horseshoe crab hemocytes is a lipopolysaccharide-sensitive serine-protease zymogen, which participates in the initiation of the hemolymph clotting system [T. Nakamura et al. (1986) Eur. J. Biochem. 154, 511-521]. The subsequent study of this zymogen, using various synthetic lipid A analogues, revealed that the zymogen factor C is rapidly activated by acylated (beta 1-6)-D-glucosamine disaccharide bisphosphate (synthetic Escherichia coli-type lipid A), and the corresponding 4'-monophosphate analogues. However, the corresponding non-phosphorylated lipid A did not activate factor C, indicating that a phosphate ester group linked with the (beta 1-6)-D glucosamine disaccharide backbone is required for the zymogen activation. During these studies we also found that the zymogen factor C is significantly activated by acidic phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin, but not at all by neutral phospholipids. The rate of this activation, however, was affected markedly by ionic strength in the reaction mixture, although such an effect was not observed in the lipid-A-mediated activation of factor C. A variety of negatively charged surfaces, such as sulfatide, dextran sulfate and ellagic acid, which are known as typical initiators for activation of the mammalian intrinsic clotting system, did not show any effect on the zymogen factor C activation. These results suggest that lipid A is the most effective trigger to initiate the activation of the horseshoe crab hemolymph clotting system. PMID- 3166426 TI - The enzymatic activity of proteinase K is controlled by calcium. AB - The fungal proteinase K (EC 3.4.21.14) is a very potent unusually stable member of the subtilisin family. Its X-ray structure determined at 0.15-nm resolution shows two bound Ca2+ ions. Ca1 is in near-ideal pentagonal bipyramidal configuration with Asp200 carboxylate and Pro175 peptide C = O in an apical, and Val177 peptide C = O and four water molecules in an equatorial position, whereas Ca2 displays incomplete octahedral coordination with the carboxylate of Asp260, the peptide C = O of Val16 and the two water molecules. Scatchard analysis of the titration of Ca2+-free proteinase K with Ca2+ yields a single dissociation constant (7.6 +/- 2.5) x 10(-8) M associated with the tightly bound Ca1 whereas Ca2 is so weakly bound that it cannot be titrated. If proteinase K is depleted of Ca2+ by treatment with EDTA, followed by gel filtration, its enzymatic activity drops within 6 h to 20% of its original value, without autolysis. Addition of excess Ca2+ immediately raises the residual activity to 28%, but full activity is not achieved. Removal of Ca2+ triggers a conformational change of the substrate recognition site because there is a direct connection, via secondary structure hydrogen bonds, between the Ca1 binding site and the substrate-recognition site. This is indicated further by circular dichroism and fluorescence-spectroscopic data, and by reversed-phase FPLC, carried out in the presence and absence of Ca2+, but the overall structure of the enzyme is not affected. Depletion of Ca2+ also influences binding of longer peptide inhibitors of the chloromethane type, it increases the rate of autolysis after about 48 h, it reduces the thermal stability (measured by activity tests from 65 degrees C to 46 degrees C), and it enhances the deactivation by 8 M urea which inactivates to only 65%, whereas sodium dodecyl sulfate totally inactivates at a concentration of 12.5%. PMID- 3166425 TI - Detergentless microemulsions as media for enzymatic reactions. Cholesterol oxidation catalyzed by cholesterol oxidase. AB - Catalytic activity and stability of cholesterol oxidase dissolved in ternary systems composed of n-hexane, isopropanol, and water were studied. The dependence of catalytic activity on the composition of the system revealed two maxima, in contrast to the behaviour of previously studied enzymes where a single maximum has been observed. The stability profile of cholesterol oxidase showed a single sharp maximum coinciding with the microemulsion region of the phase diagram. Both catalytic activity and the first-order inactivation rate constant of cholesterol oxidase dissolved in n-hexane/isopropanol/water ternary systems were found to decrease with decreasing temperature. This decrease was more rapid for the inactivation rate constant than for catalytic activity, the activation energies being 200 and 60 kJ.mol-1, respectively. Preparative conversion of cholesterol to cholestenone catalyzed by cholesterol oxidase in n-hexane/isopropanol/water ternary systems was carried out with 100% yield. Decreased temperature and the presence of catalase were required to achieve high degrees of cholesterol conversion. A simple procedure suitable for rapid separation of the reaction product and recovery of the enzyme was developed. PMID- 3166427 TI - Transgenic mouse carrying a foreign gene on its Y-chromosome. AB - In an experiment in which a human A gamma/beta-globin construct gene was introduced into the germ line of mice by microinjection, we obtained a transgenic male mouse carrying the construct gene on its Y-chromosome. This mouse carried 13 copies of a 8.9 kb construct gene as a head-to-tail tandem array, and showed a low level of transcription of the human A gamma- and beta-globin gene in the erythroid tissues. This transgenic mouse can be a useful tool in studies of embryology and developmental genetics because it carries a specific DNA marker on only its Y-chromosome. PMID- 3166428 TI - Expression of Epi 1, an epidermis-specific marker in Xenopus laevis embryos, is specified prior to gastrulation. AB - The induction of morphologically observable neural structures occurs as the result of tissue interactions between chordamesoderm and overlying ectoderm beginning at gastrulation. Since the future dorsal, and hence neural, side of the embryo is determined around the time of fertilization, we questioned whether the presumptive neural epithelium might have received some developmental instructions prior to contact with the migrating chordamesoderm. Epi 1, a cell surface antigen present only on epidermal epithelium was used as a marker to determine when epithelial cells have been programmed to express (or not express) this epidermal specific molecule. We find that ligated animal halves of precleavage embryos already contain all the information necessary for expression of Epi 1 at the appropriate developmental time (early neurula). By at least the eight-celled stage, the epithelial cells derived from ventral animal blastomeres are much better at expressing the Epi 1 antigen than their dorsal counterparts. We suggest that the mechanisms responsible for expression of the Epi 1 antigen are localized within the animal hemisphere prior to the onset of cleavage. By the third cleavage division, dorsal animal cells appear to have received information which inhibits the subsequent expression of this epidermal antigen. PMID- 3166429 TI - [Assay of serum elastase 1 in adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: diagnostic value, compared and combined study with serum CEA and CA 19-9]. AB - Serum elastase 1, CEA and, CA 19-9 titers were determined by radioimmunoassay in 113 patients with benign non pancreatic digestive disease, 88 patients with non pancreatic carcinoma, 25 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 40 patients with pancreatic carcinoma (of whom 34 were classified according to Fortner's staging classification), respectively: a) to evaluate the diagnostic value of elastase in pancreatic carcinoma, b) to compare and to study the value of its association with CEA and CA 19-9 for earlier detection of this type of cancer. The specificity of serum elastase (greater than 500 ng/dl) was greater than that of CA 19-9 (greater than 37 U/ml), (93.3 p. 100 vs 64.6 p. 100, p less than 0.01), but its sensitivity was significantly lower than that of CA 19-9 (27.5 p. 100 vs 82.5 p. 100; p less than 0.001). The sensitivity of CA 19-9 (greater than 37 U/ml) and/or elastase (greater than 500 ng/dl) was 85.2 p. 100 (greater, but not significantly, than CA 19-9 alone) and 91.6 p. 100 in Fortner stage I or II tumors (greater, but not significantly, than Fortner stage III tumors which were at 83.6 p. 100). The specificity of the combined test was 62 p. 100, lower (but not significantly) than CA 19-9 alone. As serum CEA (greater than 5 ng/ml) alone and in association with CA 19-9 was disappointing, it might be replaced by the elastase assay. The combined CA 19-9-elastase assay coupled with morphologic investigations could represent an attractive approach for earlier detection of this cancer. PMID- 3166430 TI - [High concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen and CA 19-9 antigen in pancreatic pseudocysts]. PMID- 3166431 TI - [Use of tests for anti HIV-IgG (HIV primary tests) in general preventive examination of pregnant patients]. PMID- 3166432 TI - Pharmacodynamic effects of tosyl-arginine methyl ester (TAME) on isolated human arteries. AB - 1. The effects of the competitive proteinase inhibitor TAME on isolated human umbilical and basilar arteries were studied. 2. Most experiments were performed on umbilical arteries and showed that 5 x 10(-4) M or 5 x 10(-3) M TAME significantly inhibited contractions elicited by prostaglandin F2 alpha, bradykinin, serotonin, and histamine. The inhibition was not endothelium dependent. 3. The contraction elicited by prostaglandin E2 in basilar arteries was inhibited by TAME in a dose-dependent manner indicating that inhibition did not depend on the origin of the vessel. 4. Inhibition by 5 x 10(-7) M TAME of the contraction produced by KCl in the basilar artery was limited to low concentrations of KCl (10 and 30 mM). TAME did not significantly inhibit contractions of umbilical arteries to KCl. 5. At 5 U/ml (approximately 8.6 x 10( 8) M) antithrombin III markedly inhibited contractions of basilar arteries to prostaglandin E2 but had no effect of contractions elicited by 10(-6) M serotonin in the umbilical artery, nor did aprotinin (5 x 10(-4) M). 6. Although vessels of different origin may differ in sensitivity, the manifest effect of antiproteinases on arteries is inhibition. PMID- 3166433 TI - Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3166434 TI - Exaggerated tissue response to electrosurgery. PMID- 3166435 TI - The potential use of a filler/sealer in endodontic therapy. PMID- 3166436 TI - Dental amalgam: hero or villain? PMID- 3166437 TI - Intentional replantation: a report of 192 cases. PMID- 3166438 TI - Consultation/referral for the dentist: a model. PMID- 3166439 TI - Use of stannous fluoride irrigation in periodontal therapy. PMID- 3166440 TI - Palatogingival groove lesions: recognition and treatment. PMID- 3166441 TI - Localized gingival ulceration. PMID- 3166442 TI - [Use of a cloned alphoid repetitive sequence of human DNA in studying the polymorphism of heterochromatin regions of chromosomes]. AB - Chromosomal location of the cloned fragment pHS05 of alphoid DNA from the collection of human PstI restricts has been studied in 38 individuals by in situ hybridization. Pericentromeric localization of the DNA fraction studied was found in practically all chromosomes of the set. Significant interchromosomal and poorly expressed interindividual differences were detected in a number of the copies of the sequence class investigated. The majority of the label (approx. 27%) was observed over the pericentromeric region of chromosome 3. No relationship was discovered between hybridization results and the pattern of Q polymorphism. PMID- 3166443 TI - rolA locus of the Ri plasmid directs developmental abnormalities in transgenic tobacco plants. AB - Plants containing the left T-DNA (TL) of Agrobacterium rhizogenes show a variety of developmental abnormalities that include severely wrinkled leaves, loss of apical dominance, reduced geotropism of roots, reduced internode distances, and floral hyperstyly. The TL-DNA also affects the morphology of tumor tissue at the site of inoculation on Kalanchoe diagremontiana leaves. Single mutations at four loci of the TL-DNA (rolA, rolB, rolC, and rolD) are known to affect tumor morphology on K. diagremontiana leaves. We regenerated plants from tissues transformed with TL-DNA containing mutations in each of the rol loci in order to determine which of the rol loci, if any, control the abnormal plant phenotype. Only plants regenerated after infection with bacteria containing a mutation in rolA locus showed loss of the wrinkled leaf phenotype. The rolA locus was cloned into the plant transformation vector pGA472 and introduced alone into plants. Transgenic plants containing rolA displayed the abnormal phenotype. These results indicate that rolA is the primary determinant of the severely wrinkled phenotype of Ri plasmid transgenic plants. Other rol loci may influence the degree of developmental abnormalities. PMID- 3166445 TI - Juvenile chronic myelogenous leukaemia and cleidocranial dysostosis. PMID- 3166444 TI - Alkaline phosphatase as a reporter enzyme. AB - This study examines the use of alkaline phosphatase (AP) as a reporter enzyme. We constructed a plasmid containing the cDNA which encodes the bone/liver/kidney rat AP under the control of the simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter and used it to transfect Chinese hamster ovary, SV40-transformed African Green Monkey kidney 7, and rat osteosarcoma 25/1 mammalian cells. AP activity in these cells, measured three days later, was 40-400-fold above background. When AP and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) plasmids were cotransfected, the detection of AP activity by a simple spectrophotometric assay was at least as sensitive as the detection of CAT activity using a radioactive substrate. Moreover, since mammalian AP is a membrane-bound ectoenzyme, transfected cells can be visualized by histochemical staining. This approach was used to estimate transfection efficiency. The convenient methods for AP detection should make it a useful reporter enzyme. PMID- 3166446 TI - Duchenne muscular dystrophy and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 3166449 TI - Prediction of impending blast cell transformation in chronic granulocytic leukaemia. AB - Bone marrow trephine biopsy specimens from 24 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia were studied to identify bone marrow changes that suggest incipient or impending blast transformation. In the chronic phase of chronic granulocytic leukaemia, blasts and promyelocytes were seen predominantly in the paratrabecular and perivascular regions, while myelocytes, metamyelocytes and segmented polymorphs were seen predominantly in the central intertrabecular marrow space. The patients were divided into two equal groups according to the degree of perivascular and paratrabecular infiltration: those with minimal (one to three layers of blasts and promyelocytes) and those with marked (four to eight layers of blasts and promyelocytes) infiltration. Ten of the 12 patients in the former group did not develop blast transformation and remained in the chronic phase during a 32- to 84-week follow-up period, whereas nine of the 12 patients in the latter group developed blast transformation, with six undergoing transformation within the first 26 weeks. These findings suggest that the histomorphological pattern of bone marrow changes in chronic granulocytic leukaemia may be useful in recognizing a subset of chronic granulocytic leukaemia patients undergoing blast transformation in the ensuing 6 months. PMID- 3166448 TI - Calcium-transport in quiescent and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-stimulated human osteosarcoma cells. Role in 24 hydroxylase enhancement. AB - The present study evaluates in osteosarcoma cells, the effects of a calcium channel inhibitor nicardipine in 24-hydroxylase activity and 45Ca desaturation curve in presence of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3). This sterol induced an increase in 24-OHase activity and 45Ca fluxes. Nicardipine reversed the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on 45Ca fluxes but reinforced the enhancement of the 24 OHase activity. The fact that the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 were reduced by cycloheximide support the hypothesis of a de novo protein synthesis. Our study has allowed us to dissociate the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on 24-OHase enhancement from those on Ca2+ transport. PMID- 3166450 TI - Value of long-core biopsy in the detection of discrete bone marrow lesions. AB - A series of 256 bone marrow biopsy specimens was obtained at different times from a group of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic granulocytic leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and was analysed in parallel with peripheral blood smears and bone marrow aspirate samples. In five of these biopsy specimens the bone marrow lesion was discrete, deeply seated within the marrow cavity and detected only in long-core biopsies. Neither peripheral blood nor bone marrow aspirates obtained at the same time established the correct diagnosis. This suggests that when peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate samples fail to indicate the diagnosis a long-core biopsy may yield positive results. PMID- 3166447 TI - Serodiagnostic profiles of HIV and HIV pathogenesis in vivo. AB - Different stages of HIV infection are marked by expression of HIV genes, production of HIV antibodies, formation of antigen/antibody complexes and clearance of such complexes. Transient HIV antigenemia appearing generally 6-8 weeks prior to HIV antibody (HIV-Ab) seroconversion and lasting 3-4 months is generally seen in acute infection. If IgG antibodies to both envelope and core protein persist in the absence of HIV-Ag the short-term prognosis is relatively good. However, HIV-Ag seroconversion may appear at any time after HIV-Ab seroconversion. Progression to AIDS is strongly associated with declining or absent levels of IgG antibodies to p24. Titers of antibodies to HIV p24 below 64 are strongly associated with the presence of HIV antigen and a poor clinical outcome. HIV antigen may be less efficiently detected with the present assays in sera from regions where the prototype strains of HIV (HTLV-III and LAV) are less prevalent, like Central Africa. Levels of HIV-Ag in serum, and possibly in CSF, can be decreased by nucleoside analogues, like AZT. This indicates HIV-Ag and possibly antibody to HIV core protein p24 as suitable markers for selecting individuals for antiviral therapy as well as monitoring the efficacy of such therapy. PMID- 3166451 TI - Isolation of a chymotrypsinlike enzyme from Treponema denticola. AB - A chymotrypsinlike protease with an Mr of 95,000 was extracted from Treponema denticola ATCC 35405 and was partially purified by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The proteolytic activity was detected in an electrophoretogram containing polyacrylamide that was conjugated to bovine serum albumin. A single band of activity was detected when the T. denticola extract was solubilized and electrophoresed in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. No activity was found in extracts of Treponema vincentii. The enzyme hydrolyzed transferrin, fibrinogen, alpha 1-antitrypsin, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, gelatin, bovine serum albumin, and a synthetic peptide containing phenylalanine. It did not degrade collagen or synthetic substrates containing arginine or proline. For the hydrolysis of azocoll, the pH optimum of the enzyme was 7.5. Heating at temperatures above 50 degrees C destroyed the activity. Reducing agents and the chelators EDTA and ethylene glycol-bis(beta aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid increased the enzyme activity, while phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, L-1-tosylamide-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone, sulfhydryl reagents, and human serum reduced activity. The ability of the enzyme to hydrolyze a number of humoral proteins suggests that it may be involved in spirochete invasiveness and tissue destruction. PMID- 3166452 TI - Multiple dosing of prostaglandin F2 alpha or epinephrine on cynomolgus monkey eyes. III. Histopathology. AB - Prostaglandins (PGs), or their derivatives, are potent ocular hypotensive agents which may prove useful in glaucoma therapy. PGF2 alpha (250 micrograms in 50 microliter saline) or epinephrine 2% solution (50 microliter) was topically applied twice daily for 2 weeks to one eye of six cynomolgus monkeys for each agent. Contralateral control eyes received their respective vehicles. By light microscopy, there was no evidence of inflammation, corneal changes, retinal pathology (including cystoid macular edema), or other adverse effects. Likewise, by electron microscopy of the peripheral cornea, anterior chamber angle, iris base and ciliary body, no differences were noted between treated and control eyes. Therefore, multiple dosing with PGF2 alpha in subhuman primate eyes did not result in notable histopathological changes that would contraindicate a clinical trial in glaucoma patients. PMID- 3166453 TI - Induction of morphological change of human myeloid leukemia and activation of protein kinase C by a novel antibiotic, tautomycin. AB - A novel antibiotic tautomycin induced many blebs on the surface of K562 human chronic myeloid leukemia cells, similar to the morphological changes induced by phorbol esters. However, tautomycin did not induce nitroblue tetrazolium reducing activity, when HL60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells were caused to differentiate by quinomycin into mature granulocytes. It did not induce spread of HL60 cells, one of the phenotypes of mature macrophages. In addition, it did not compete with phorbol dibutyrate to bind to the cell surface of K562 cells. However, tautomycin significantly activated protein kinase C (PKC) extracted from K562 cells. These results indicate that tautomycin is a new activator of PKC, distinct from phorbol esters. PMID- 3166454 TI - Transforming growth factor beta regulates the metabolism of proteoglycans in bovine cartilage organ cultures. AB - The effect of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) has been studied in a bovine articular cartilage organ culture. The peptide stimulates synthesis of proteoglycans in a dose-dependent manner, reaching saturation at 10 ng/ml. This dose gave an approximate 7-fold increase in synthesis over basal controls. In addition, the peptide decreased the rates of catabolism of proteoglycans with an approximately 2-fold maximal effect seen at 5 ng/ml. At the latter concentration, TGF-beta prevented the 4-fold loss of proteoglycans which occurred in cultures maintained under basal conditions over the course of 3 weeks. There was no increase in cell (DNA) content of the cartilage explants under these conditions of TGF-beta treatment, and the net collagen content of the explants remained constant. PMID- 3166455 TI - Regulation of 5-aminolevulinate synthase in mouse erythroleukemic cells is different from that in liver. AB - We have measured the transcriptional gene activity of 5-aminolevulinate synthase, the first enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway, together with corresponding mRNA and protein levels in mouse erythroleukemic cells induced to differentiate with dimethyl sulfoxide. When the heme biosynthetic pathway was blocked by succinylacetone there was a large increase in both 5-aminolevulinate synthase activity and protein levels, and this was reversed by the addition of exogenous hemin. Transcriptional activity of the 5-aminolevulinate synthase gene and mRNA levels were both significantly increased during differentiation of cells by dimethyl sulfoxide but were not markedly altered by succinylacetone or hemin treatment. The results demonstrate that levels of 5-aminolevulinate synthase in mouse erythroleukemic cells are regulated by a significant post-transcriptional mechanism possibly at the translational level. Evidence is also presented for a less significant post-transcriptional control by heme of mRNA levels for 5 aminolevulinate synthase. These results indicate that the regulation of 5 aminolevulinate synthase in differentiating erythroid cells is complex but differs from that in liver cells where heme controls the level of 5 aminolevulinate synthase by acting primarily to inhibit gene transcription. PMID- 3166456 TI - Asialoglycoprotein receptor phosphorylation and receptor-mediated endocytosis in hepatoma cells. Effect of phorbol esters. AB - The asialoglycoprotein (ASGP) receptor on Hep G2 cells undergoes constitutive recycling and ligand endocytosis in the presence of phorbol dibutyrate, at a 50% reduced rate relative to control cells (Fallon, R. J., and Schwartz, A. L. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 15081-15089). The relevance of receptor phosphorylation to these events was investigated by selective immunoprecipitation of surface receptors with polyclonal anti-human ASGP antiserum and pulse-chase labeling with [32P]orthophosphate to identify subcellular locations of initial receptor phosphorylation events as well as the eventual fate of phosphorylated receptor during recycling. The surface immunoprecipitation method recovers greater than 95% of surface ASGP receptors and only 5% or less of intracellular (brief[35S]methionine pulse-labeled) receptors. With this assay we detected low levels of ASGP receptor phosphorylation at the cell surface in control cells (0.1 mol of P/mol of R) which were rapidly (less than 1 min) stimulated 20-fold by 400 nM phorbol dibutyrate addition (1.7 mol of P/mol of R). Staurosporine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, blocks this stimulation by phorbol. Receptor phosphorylation at early time points in the presence of phorbol esters was restricted to the plasma membrane. Subsequent chase in the presence of excess unlabeled phosphate and phorbol esters lowered [32P] ATPi specific activity by 68% at 1 h. Surface immunoprecipitation during this chase period showed the phosphorylated ASGP receptors were rapidly lost from the cell surface (t1/2 = 20 min). In contrast, examination of intracellular receptor during the pulse-chase experiment in phorbol dibutyrate-treated cells showed the presence of phosphorylated pool(s) of ASGP receptors which were detectable for 6 h of chase. Since no labeled receptor can be detected at the cell surface at this time, the described intracellular phosphorylated receptors are in a non-recycling pool. PMID- 3166458 TI - Identification and characterization of transcriptional regulatory regions associated with expression of the human apolipoprotein E gene. AB - Multiple cis-acting regulatory elements have been mapped within a 1-kilobase fragment spanning nucleotides -651 through +356 of the human apolipoprotein E gene using a transient expression system based on the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene as well as DNase I footprinting techniques. A 651-base pair 5'-flanking region of the human apolipoprotein E gene was capable of directing chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene expression over a 48-fold range among the various cultured cell lines tested. Deletion analysis of this 651-base pair upstream region linked to either the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene or the intact apolipoprotein E structural sequences revealed at least three regulatory domains within the proximal 383 nucleotides. One of these domains contained a GC box transcriptional control element. Further analysis demonstrated that the other two domains contained enhancer-like activity. These enhancer-like elements were located within the nucleotides spanning -366 to -246 and -193 to 124. A third enhancer element was identified in the first intron, within nucleotides +44 to +262. Changing the distance of the three enhancer elements from the transcription start site and reversing their orientation did not significantly alter their effects on transcription rates. However, enhancer activity was influenced by the promoter and cell line that were used. DNase I footprinting assays showed that specific sequences within two of these elements ( 193 to -124 and +44 to +262) bind proteins in nuclear extracts from HepG2 and Chinese hamster ovary cells. A protein footprint also was identified for a GC box element at nucleotides -59 to -45. Thus, control of apolipoprotein E gene expression is the result of a complex interaction of several different regulatory elements. PMID- 3166457 TI - Cloning of the proteinase that facilitates infection by schistosome parasites. AB - Four cDNA clones encoding a proteinase which facilitates skin invasion by schistosome parasites were isolated by screening a schistosome sporocyst cDNA library, using an oligonucleotide probe containing sequences complementary to predicted 5'-translated regions of its RNA. The amino acid sequence of the enzyme, as deduced from the DNA sequence of the clones, indicates that the enzyme is a serine protease which in many respects is similar to vertebrate pancreatic elastases, although regions outside of the putative active site, binding pocket, and amino-terminal cysteines differ significantly. Regulation of expression of the enzyme occurs at the level of mRNA transcription as well as posttranslationally, the latter involving the processing of a previously unidentified pre-proenzyme (zymogen) sequence. In situ hybridization of the cDNA clones to tissue sections of developing larvae indicates that the enzyme is synthesized within a discrete time frame in specialized cells of the organism. PMID- 3166459 TI - Rapid reaction studies on the reduction and oxidation of chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase by the xanthine/urate and NAD/NADH couples. AB - Chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase can be partially reduced by either xanthine or NADH. Reduction to approximately the 2-electron-reduced level occurs with NADH, and reduction beyond the 2-electron level occurs with xanthine. In both cases, the reaction is triphasic. The first and third phases are dependent on reductant concentration, whereas the second phase is not. Oxidation of fully (6 electron) reduced xanthine dehydrogenase by either urate or NAD is monophasic and dependent on the oxidant concentration. Oxidation stops at about the same level of reduction that was reached by the corresponding reductant. The position of this end point is sensitive to the potential of the reactants but is relatively insensitive to excess concentrations of oxidant or reductant. NADH binding to 2 electron-reduced enzyme is implicated in fixing the end point position in those reactions involving pyridine nucleotides, whereas urate binding is involved in fixing the end point of those reactions involving xanthine and urate. PMID- 3166460 TI - Transcriptional regulation of osteopontin production in rat osteosarcoma cells by type beta transforming growth factor. AB - Type beta transforming growth factor (TGF beta) was shown to regulate the production of several extracellular matrix proteins. Osteopontin (OP) is a recently discovered bone matrix protein which was shown to promote the attachment of osteoblastic rat osteosarcoma ROS 17/2.8 cells to their substrate. We examined the effects of TGF beta on OP production and OP mRNA in ROS 17/2.8 cells. Four day treatment with 4 ng/ml TGF beta 1 increased substantially the level of osteopontin in the cell culture media, as estimated by immunoblotting. Metabolic labeling showed that this effect was associated with a 3-4-fold increase in OP biosynthesis. TGF beta 1 also increased, in a dose-dependent manner starting at 0.4 ng/ml, the steady-state level of OP mRNA. The increase in OP mRNA was first detected 48 h after the addition of TGF beta 1 and lasted at least until 120 h. The half-life of OP mRNA, estimated in the presence of 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, was about 10 h and was not altered by TGF beta 1. On the other hand, the increase in OP mRNA was blocked by actinomycin D. Nuclear run on assays indicated that TGF beta 1 increased the rate of transcription of the OP gene. Examination of hormonal interactions showed that TGF beta 1 opposed or compensated for the reduction in OP mRNA produced by dexamethasone and that TGF beta 1 did not further augment OP mRNA levels which had been increased by 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment. TGF beta 2 had similar effects on OP gene expression as TGF beta 1. In conclusion, TGF beta promotes the production of osteopontin in the osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells through a pathway which is at least in part mediated by transcriptional events. PMID- 3166461 TI - Surgical treatment for osteosarcoma. AB - Fifty-three patients who had a high-grade osteosarcoma had either a limb-salvage resection or an amputation. They all received adjuvant therapy that consisted of administration of Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and whole-lung irradiation. At the time of follow-up, the surgical margin was assessed by examination of the surgical specimen. Each patient was followed for at least three years or until death. The data suggested that a wide surgical margin is adequate to control a primary osteosarcoma. When a wide surgical margin can be used and a functional limb can be salvaged, an amputation probably is not required. PMID- 3166464 TI - Effect of transforming growth factor-alpha on inositol phospholipid metabolism in human epidermoid carcinoma cells. AB - Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) stimulates (in a dose-dependent manner) the incorporation of [32P]Pi into phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and phosphatidic acid (PA) in the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431). The effect of TGF-alpha on the incorporation was found to be similar to that of EGF. On the other hand, a striking difference in the activation of diacylglycerol (DG) kinase activity was seen between TGF-alpha and EGF. At least 100 times more TGF-alpha was required to achieve maximal stimulation of DG kinase activity relative to EGF. These results suggest that the activation of DG kinase by TGF-alpha may involve a mechanism independent from or subsequent to activation of the EGF receptor. PMID- 3166465 TI - Effects of multiple freeze thaws and various temperatures on the reactivity of human immunodeficiency virus antibody using three detection assays. AB - The effects of multiple freeze-thaw cycles and various temperatures (-20 degrees C, 4 degrees C, 25 degrees C, 37 degrees C) on the reactivity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies were evaluated using current ELISA, recombinant, and Western blot methodologies. Twenty consecutive freeze-thaw cycles and storage of specimens at -20 degrees C and 4 degrees C for 57 days resulted in no loss of HIV antibody reactivity nor false positive samples. Maintenance of clinical specimens at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C for 57 days resulted in some loss of HIV antibody reactivity, but all positive and weakly reacting samples remained positive, and negative samples were unaffected. PMID- 3166462 TI - Unequal synthesis and differential degradation of alpha and beta spectrin during murine erythroid differentiation. AB - Murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells represent a valuable system to study the biogenesis of the cytoskeleton during erythroid differentiation. When attached to fibronectin-coated dishes MEL cells induce, upon addition of DMSO, a 7-d differentiation process during which they enucleate and reach the reticulocyte stage (Patel, V. P., and H. F. Lodish. 1987. J. Cell Biol. 105:3105-3118); they accumulate band 3, spectrin, and ankyrin in amounts equivalent to those found in mature red blood cells. To follow the biosynthesis of spectrin during differentiation, membranes and cytoskeletal proteins of cells metabolically labeled with [35S]methionine were solubilized by SDS and alpha and beta spectrins were recovered by specific immunoadsorption. In both uninduced and 3-d induced cells, the relative synthesis of alpha/beta spectrin is approximately 1:3. In uninduced MEL cells newly synthesized alpha and beta spectrins are degraded with a similar half-life of approximately 10 h. In contrast, in 3-d differentiated MEL cells newly made beta spectrin is much more unstable than alpha spectrin; the half-lives of alpha and beta spectrin chains are approximately 22 and 8 h, respectively. Thus, accumulation of equal amounts of alpha and beta spectrin is caused by unequal synthesis and unequal degradation. As judged by Northern blot analyses, the level of actin mRNA is relatively constant throughout the 7-d differentiation period. alpha and beta spectrin mRNAs are barely detectable in uninduced cells, increase during the first 4 d of induction, and remain constant thereafter. In contrast, band 3 mRNA is first detectable on day 4 of differentiation. Thus, most of the spectrin that accumulates in enucleating reticulocytes is synthesized during the last few days of erythropoiesis, concomitant with the onset of band 3 synthesis. To determine whether this was occurring in normal mouse erythropoiesis, we analyzed the rate of appearance of labeled membrane proteins in mature erythrocytes after a single injection of [35S]methionine. Our results show that most of the spectrin and band 3 in mature erythrocytes is synthesized during the last days of bone marrow erythropoiesis, and that, in the marrow, band 3 and protein 4.1 are synthesized at a somewhat later stage of development than are alpha and beta spectrin, ankyrin, and actin. PMID- 3166463 TI - Transforming growth factor-beta-induced growth inhibition and cellular hypertrophy in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. AB - We have explored the hypothesis that hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells may be regulated, in part, by growth inhibitory factors that alter the pattern of the growth response to serum mitogens by characterizing the effects of the potent growth inhibitor, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), on both hyperplastic and hypertrophic growth of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. TGF-beta inhibited serum-induced proliferation of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (ED50 = 2 pM); this is consistent with previously reported observations in bovine aortic smooth muscle cells (Assoian et al. 1982. J. Biol. Chem. 258:7155-7160). Growth inhibition was due in part to a greater than twofold increase in the cell cycle transit time in cells that continued to proliferate in the presence of TGF beta. TGF-beta concurrently induced cellular hypertrophy as assessed by flow cytometric analysis of cellular protein content (47% increase) and forward angle light scatter (32-50% increase), an index of cell size. In addition to being time and concentration dependent, this hypertrophy was reversible. Simultaneous flow cytometric evaluation of forward angle light scatter and cellular DNA content demonstrated that TGF-beta-induced hypertrophy was not dependent on withdrawal of cells from the cell cycle nor was it dependent on growth arrest of cells at a particular point in the cell cycle in that both cycling cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle and those in G1 were hypertrophied with respect to the corresponding cells in vehicle-treated controls. Chronic treatment with TGF-beta (100 pM, 9 d) was associated with accumulation of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle in the virtual absence of cells in S phase, whereas subsequent removal of TGF-beta from these cultures was associated with the appearance of a significant fraction of cycling cells with greater than 4c DNA content, consistent with development of tetraploidy. Results of these studies support a role for TGF-beta in the control of smooth muscle cell growth and suggest that at least one mechanism whereby hypertrophy and hyperploidy may occur in this, as well as other cell types, is by alterations in the response to serum mitogens by potent growth inhibitors such as TGF-beta. PMID- 3166466 TI - Comparison of a monoclonal anti-HIV 1 gag solid phase with a polyclonal anti-HIV solid phase for detecting anti-HIV 1 in a competition ELISA. AB - An anti-HIV 1 competitive ELISA was developed using a monoclonal anti-HIV 1 gag to capture viral antigen to the solid phase. This format of assay was compared with a competitive ELISA where a polyclonal human anti-HIV 1 was used, to capture the viral antigen. Several benefits were observed using the monoclonal-antibody form of the assay. Firstly, less viral antigen was needed on solid phase to give an equivalent test in terms of positive and negative optical density 450 nm values. Secondly, a slight increase in sensitivity was also gained without any loss of specificity and finally, as a result of the murine nature of the antibody on the solid phase, no cross-reaction with the labelled human antibody in the test conjugate was observed. Such cross-linking has been observed with the polyclonal form of the assay and can lead to false-negative reactions. PMID- 3166468 TI - Continuing education recommendation. PMID- 3166469 TI - Health professionals report. PMID- 3166470 TI - Biocompatibility and sensitivity. PMID- 3166471 TI - Biological monitoring. PMID- 3166472 TI - The British connection. PMID- 3166467 TI - Evidence for immunoglobulin Fc receptor-mediated prostaglandin2 and platelet activating factor formation by cultured rat mesangial cells. AB - The possibility of Fc-dependent uptake of IgG immune complexes was examined in subcultured rat mesangial cells free of monocytes. 195Au-labeled colloidal gold particles were coated either with BSA only or with BSA followed by rabbit anti BSA-IgG or the F(ab')2 fragment of the IgG. Mesangial cells preferentially took up 195Au particles covered with BSA-anti-BSA-IgG over those covered with BSA or the F(ab')2 fragment. This uptake was a time-dependent and saturable process inhibitable by sodium azide or cytochalasin B. Using phase-contrast microscopy in the light reflectance mode, it was established that essentially all mesangial cells took up IgG-coated gold particles. By electron microscopy the process was shown to consist of vesicular uptake with delivery to endosomes. Mesangial binding-uptake of the IgG-covered particles was associated with stimulation of PGE2 synthesis and production of platelet-activating factor, a lipid mediator of inflammation. To characterize the potential Fc receptor for IgG we used the rosetting technique with sheep red blood cells coated with IgG subclass-specific mouse monoclonal antibodies. 50% of mesangial cells exhibited rosetting with red cells coated with mouse IgG2a, whereas negligible rosetting was observed with IgG2b or IgG1. Competition experiments confirmed the specificity of IgG2a binding. We conclude that cultured rat mesangial cells exhibit specific receptors for IgG and that occupancy of Fc receptors results in endocytosis and is associated with generation of PGE2 and platelet-activating factor. These observations may be of significance for immune-mediated glomerular diseases. PMID- 3166473 TI - Herpes zoster infection. PMID- 3166474 TI - Xylitol chewing gum in caries prevention: a field study in children. AB - As the prevalence of dental caries decreases in industrialized nations like the United States, it simultaneously increases in developing nations and Third World countries. The decrease in the West is attributed to increased use of fluorides, but the increase in developing countries has been explained by an increase in the consumption of sugar. As this information continues to propel researchers to find sucrose substitutes, xylitol has been singled out as a proposed sucrose replacement. The question tackled by this study was: Can the daily use of chewing gum containing xylitol increase the efficacy of the existing caries-preventive measures now regularly used for 11- to 15-year-old children in most industrialized western countries? PMID- 3166475 TI - Maintaining vitality in the mature dental practice. AB - The dentists interviewed for this third article in the series report this is a satisfying time; they are private practitioners aged 40 to 54. These dentists are enthusiastic about their profession and enjoy using the new technological advances for better treatment of their patients. For these active practitioners, the practice does not need to be revitalized: they're enjoying fulfillment in what they do. PMID- 3166476 TI - Use of a cantilevered acrylic splint in the autogenous transplantation of a third molar: report of case. AB - A case report offers details of autogenous transplantation of an unerupted third molar to the first molar position. Stabilization of the transplant required a cantilevered acrylic resin splint--because of the absence of the second molar--as a terminal splint abutment. Guidelines for the proper procedures and criteria for case selection are reviewed. PMID- 3166477 TI - Injection regimen for anesthesia of the maxillary first molar. AB - This study evaluated whether a single or double injection is required to achieve first molar anesthesia. Subjects received posterosuperior alveolar nerve blocks. Presence or absence of anesthesia was evaluated with carbon dioxide dry ice pulp sensitivity testing. This was followed by mesial infiltration and a second pulp testing. The posterosuperior alveolar nerve block alone usually provided effective first molar anesthesia. A small percentage of subjects required an additional mesial infiltration to obtain anesthesia. PMID- 3166478 TI - White corrugated mucosa. AB - A patient with white sponge nevus involving the buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, and soft palate is reported. The salient clinical and histological features of the disease were discussed. This diagnosis should be considered when bilateral white lesions of buccal mucosa are encountered. Early onset, a familial history, and the asymptomatic nature are key features to the disease. If historical data and clinical features are suspect, an incisional biopsy is adequate for diagnosis. PMID- 3166480 TI - Infectious hazards for both dental personnel and patients in the operatory. ADA Research Institute, Department of Toxicology. PMID- 3166479 TI - Reporting periodontal treatment under dental benefit plans. Council on Dental Care Programs. AB - In this report, the Council on Dental Care Programs has attempted to provide explanations of periodontal procedure codes to assist dental offices in reporting treatment. Statements made in this report should not be misconstrued as establishing standards of care. PMID- 3166481 TI - The Wilhelmine E. Key 1987 invitational lecture. Genetic changes associated with the evolution of adaptedness in cultivated plants and their wild progenitors. AB - The results of long-term studies of changes in adaptedness in a number of experimental populations of annual plants are summarized. Measurements made of quantitative traits showed that cumulative increases in reproductive capacity continued in these experimental populations for more than 50 generations. Highly significant allelic frequency changes also occurred for marker loci governing morphological variants, disease resistance, allozymes, and rDNA restriction fragments. Individual effects of the marker loci on quantitative traits were determined by extensive progeny testing of selfed families descended from single plants isolated from various generations of the experimental populations. Comparisons between homozygotes and heterozygotes of marker loci for quantitative trait expression revealed that all the marker loci studied had statistically significant additive effects on several to many quantitative traits; thus, each Mendelian locus, in addition to being a locus for its discrete descriptive effect, was also a locus for several quantitative traits. Consistent associations were found between superior reproductive capacity (e.g., larger numbers of kernels per plant) and the alleles of marker loci that increased in frequency over generations; no other quantitative traits measured were clearly and consistently associated with alleles that increased in frequency. Multilocus analyses based on canonical correlation, log linear, and cluster analysis procedures showed that highly significant associations developed in early generations among alleles of different loci in all the predominantly selfing populations studied. Dynamic changes featuring amalgamations of alleles into fewer clusters involving larger numbers of loci continued into the late generations. Patterns of ecogenetic differentiation that developed under predominant selfing were found to be fine-scaled overlays of environmental heterogeneity. The picture of evolutionary change that emerges is one in which the incorporation of increasing numbers of favorably interacting alleles into large synergistic complexes was accompanied in inbreeding populations by increases in adaptedness to the local environment and also by striking ecogenetic differentiation among local populations that occupy unlike habitats, including differentiation between cultivated plants and their wild progenitors. Selfing appears to promote the development and maintenance of adaptedness within populations and at the same time to facilitate the development of spatial differentiation by retarding gene flow between populations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3166483 TI - [The clinical usefulness of the measurement of serum sialyl SSEA-1 antigen levels in patients with gynecologic diseases: as respects the comparative effectiveness of sialyl SSEA-1 and CA125]. AB - Increased concentrations of serum Sialyl SSEA-1 antigen, which belongs to type 2 chain carbohydrate antigens and is defined by a new monoclonal antibody FH-6, were observed in 47.2% of patients with ovarian cancer. The Sialyl SSEA-1 test may not be of use in detecting ovarian cancer in the early stages, because the positivity gradually increased with the clinical stages. However, the measurement of the Sialyl SSEA-1 concentrations was a useful tool to use in making a prognosis. The sialyl SSEA-1 and CA125 combination test was not useful in increasing sensitivity because of overlapping of the positivity. Increases in both serum Sialyl SSEA-1 and CA125 indicated the presence of malignancies associated with ovarian tumors in pregnant women. On the other hand, the Sialyl SSEA-1 test showed significantly low false positivity for non-neoplastic diseases except endometriosis. PMID- 3166482 TI - Characterization of two distinct disulfide-linked B-G molecules in the chicken. AB - Alloantisera specific for B-G antigens recognized a complex of molecules of apparent molecular weights of 90 and 98 Kd under nonreducing conditions and molecules of 40, 44, and 48 Kd under reducing conditions on both embryo- and adult-derived peripheral red blood cells (RBC). The chicken B-G molecules produced a unique two-dimensional "diagonal" pattern. Two antisera permitted the characterization of the complex B-G molecular profile as a homodimer composed of 48-Kd subunits and as a heterodimer composed of 40- and 44-Kd subunits. A rabbit antiserum produced against B-G molecules preferentially recognized the 48-Kd reduced molecules, suggesting that the 90-Kd molecule was a homodimer composed of two 48-Kd molecules. One B-G reagent was capable of recognizing only the 98-Kd nonreduced B-G molecule that gave rise to 40- and 44-Kd molecules under reducing conditions, suggesting that the 98-Kd molecule was a heterodimer composed of 44- and 40-Kd subunits. Adult chicken B-G2 molecules produced a variety of two dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (IEF/SDS-PAGE) patterns depending on the characteristics of the reagent employed in the immunoprecipitation. B-G molecules were immunoprecipitated from primitive and definitive chicken RBCs but not from any nonerythroid cells tested. B-G molecules were not expressed by avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV)-transformed erythroleukemia cells, nor were they induced to appear with butyric acid-induced erythroid differentiation. PMID- 3166484 TI - Roles of CA125 in patients with ovarian cancer--usefulness in periodical monitoring. PMID- 3166485 TI - Prognostic factors in adult chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: an analysis of 107 cases. AB - Adult chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), as defined by the French-American British (FAB) group, is associated with a variable survival, ranging from a few weeks to several years. From 1971 to 1986, we made the diagnosis of CMML in 107 cases, according to FAB criteria (except for patients with 20% to 30% bone marrow [BM] blasts who were also included). Median survival was 30 months (range 1 to 81 months) and life expectancy did not seem to be influenced by treatment modalities other than supportive care. Eighteen patients (17%) progressed to acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL). In a Cox regression model, main factors associated with short survival were: an excess of marrow blasts (P = 10(-6], anemia (P = .17 x 10(-5], high peripheral blood (PB) monocytosis (P = .26 x 10( 5], presence of PB blasts (P = .49 x 10(-4], and to a lesser extent hyperleukocytosis (P = .001), presence of PB immature granulocytes, thrombopenia, and splenomegaly. Survival (less than 1 year v greater than 1 year) could be predicted at diagnosis in a multivariate stepwise discriminant analysis using two parameters only (percentage of BM blasts and hemoglobin level), with 82% accuracy. Among patients surviving greater than 1 year, initial PB leukocyte count was higher in patients with intermediate survival (12 to 42 months) than in long survivors (greater than 42 months) and was the only discriminating factor between these two subgroups in multivariate analysis. Abnormal cytogenetic findings and increased lysozymuria were also poor prognostic factors, but could not be analyzed in the multivariate models, as they were determined in a minority of patients. Parameters associated with subsequent progression to ANLL included younger age at diagnosis, thrombopenia, increased BM blasts, and splenomegaly. Our study allows for the identification of subgroups with different prognoses in CMML, on the basis of a small number of hematologic parameters, particularly initial percentage of BM blasts, hemoglobin level, and leukocytosis. These subgroups probably require different therapeutic approaches. PMID- 3166487 TI - Maintenance or no maintenance treatment in AML? PMID- 3166486 TI - The effect of initial management of hyperleukocytosis on early complications and outcome of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Data were collected from 124 patients with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and WBC greater than 200,000/microL seen at institutions affiliated with the Children's Cancer Study Group (CCSG) from April 1981 to May 1983. The presenting characteristics, initial management, early complications, and outcome were reviewed. All the children received vigorous intravenous (IV) hydration, alkalinization of the urine, and allopurinol. Thirty-two patients were started on full therapy with no additional measure. One or more special measures believed to reduce the complications of leukostasis and blast cell lysis were administered to 92 patients as follows: small initial doses of prednisone, 63; emergency cranial irradiation, 26; exchange transfusion, 21; and leukopheresis, 19. The incidence of CNS hemorrhage was only 3% (4/124). Seven patients expired during induction and four failed to achieve a remission by day 28. Nineteen patients (15%) had documented bacterial or fungal sepsis. Mild to moderate electrolyte abnormalities occurred in 29 patients: three patients required renal dialysis. Pretreatment with small doses of prednisone did not decrease the incidence of electrolyte abnormalities in those patients when compared with patients who received full chemotherapy. The event-free survival (EFS) for the 106 patients treated on one of the three intensive pilot studies is 55% at 36 months. On multivariate analysis the two significant adverse prognostic factors were massive splenomegaly (P = .02) and WBC count greater than 600,000/microL (P = .05). In conclusion, in patients with hyperleukocytosis the complications of blast cell lysis and leukostasis were manageable with acceptable morbidity and minimal mortality in a group of patients treated with vigorous hydration, allopurinol, and alkalinization of the urine before beginning chemotherapy. Selected patients with severe hyperuricemia and renal dysfunction may benefit from leukopheresis. No beneficial role was demonstrated for the use of small initial doses of prednisone or emergency cranial irradiation. PMID- 3166488 TI - Testing for human immunodeficiency virus in substance abuse treatment. PMID- 3166489 TI - Coping strategies in children with cancer undergoing bone marrow aspirations. PMID- 3166490 TI - Effects of acute ethanol administration on the hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase system in the rat. AB - Administration of ethanol (5 g/kg p.o.) to female Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in conversion of a portion of hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase 12 hr after treatment. Conversion was partly reversed in vitro by treatment of hepatic 100,000 X g supernatant with dithiothreitol, whereas pretreatment of rats with pyrazole (100 mg/kg i.p.) prevented conversion 18 hr after ethanol administration. Incubation of acetaldehyde with rat liver supernatant at 37 degrees C converted xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase in a dose dependent manner, whereas incubation of ethanol with rat liver supernatant did not lead to conversion. Acetaldehyde-induced conversion in vitro was reversed by treatment with dithiothreitol, and was partially blocked by addition of equimolar concentrations of reduced glutathione. These data suggest that biotransformation of ethanol is required for conversion of hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase. Because xanthine oxidase utilizes molecular oxygen to produce superoxide radical, ethanol-induced conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase could contribute to the enhanced lipid peroxidation reported previously after administration of a single dose of ethanol. PMID- 3166491 TI - Research in fibromyalgia: past, present and future. AB - Research in regard to fibromyalgia has greatly increased during the last 5 years. Initially, investigators concentrated on clinical descriptions and diagnostic criteria. Early pathophysiologic aspects studied included sleep disturbances and psychiatric aspects of the syndrome. More recently, studies have focused on peripheral tissue abnormalities, including sophisticated studies of abnormal muscle metabolism, immunologic and neurotransmitter abnormalities. Future suggested research directions are reviewed. PMID- 3166492 TI - Differential expression of slow and fast skeletal muscle troponin C. Slow skeletal muscle troponin C is expressed in human fibroblasts. AB - We have isolated and sequenced the cDNAs for human slow and fast skeletal muscle troponin C (TnC). Each cDNA is encoded by one of the two TnC genes in the human genome. The fast skeletal muscle TnC gene appears to be expressed exclusively in skeletal muscle. Only the slow TnC gene is expressed in human cardiac ventricle. The slow skeletal TnC gene is also expressed in skeletal muscle and, surprisingly, in several human fibroblast cell lines. Thus, at least one of the three proteins of the troponin complex appears to be expressed in non-muscle cells of higher vertebrates. The relative steady-state amounts of the slow and fast skeletal TnC mRNAs in various adult and embryonic striated muscles are similar to the expected amounts of the corresponding protein, suggesting that the expression of TnC genes is controlled predominantly by the production or accumulation of mRNA rather than by translational or post-translational mechanisms. PMID- 3166493 TI - New extended wear materials--a safer modality for patients. PMID- 3166494 TI - HIV prevalence data mount, patterns seen emerging by end of this year. PMID- 3166495 TI - [Refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation induced by thorotrast]. PMID- 3166496 TI - [Leukemia and spinal involvement]. PMID- 3166498 TI - [Transformation into the state of Ph1 chromosome negative chronic myelocytic leukemia after 7 months from diagnosis of refractory anemia with excess of blasts]. PMID- 3166497 TI - [Acute paraplegia by tumor formation in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia]. PMID- 3166499 TI - [Bowel perforation due to disseminated candidiasis at initial remission induction in an infant with acute myelomonocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3166500 TI - [Phenotypic analysis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia following myelodysplastic syndrome. Evidence for leukemic cells reacting with 3A1 (CD7) and A2B5 monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3166501 TI - [Meningeal leukemia in the chronic stage of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3166502 TI - [Cellular localization of prostaglandin E2 in rat gastric mucosa- immunohistological study]. PMID- 3166503 TI - Acute myelofibrosis in megakaryoblastic leukemia with translocation between chromosomes 8 and 14. PMID- 3166504 TI - [Effect of reflexotherapy on the prostaglandin E1 and F2 alpha levels in the blood of hypertensive patients]. PMID- 3166506 TI - [Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema after administration of amphotericin B]. PMID- 3166505 TI - [Characteristics of the blood lipoprotein spectrum in commercial aviation pilots]. AB - The study of lipids of civil pilots, aged 30-59 years, showed that their average levels of cholesterol and triglycerides were higher than those in a random sample of the male population of Moscow. The average level of HDL cholesterol in pilots was lower than in the sample. The prevalence of dislipoproteinemias in pilots was significantly higher than in the sample. The above lipoprotein changes in pilots versus nonpilots and the prevalence of hyperlipidemias suggest that they are "aterogenic" and produced by the flying profession. These observations also indicate that civil pilots should be regarded as a risk group in terms of atherosclerosis and concomitant cardiovascular diseases. PMID- 3166507 TI - [Severe anemia after administration of zidovudine]. PMID- 3166508 TI - Impact of eating disorders on pregnancy. PMID- 3166509 TI - Esophageal cancer in a young woman after treatment for osteosarcoma. AB - Five years after completing adjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma of the fibula, a 20-year-old woman developed an esophageal carcinoma. The association between prior chemotherapy and radiation exposure, and the significance of genetic factors and family history are discussed. This case exemplifies the importance of continued follow-up of the long-term survivors of tumor management. PMID- 3166510 TI - Skin rash associated with Candida guilliermondii. AB - We report a case in which the development of a skin rash in a neutropenic patient was associated with multiple blood culture isolates of Candida guilliermondii--an unusual isolate not previously documented to cause rashes. PMID- 3166513 TI - Gene therapy. Intracellular immunization. PMID- 3166512 TI - "Artificial" HIV? PMID- 3166514 TI - Medullary satiety. AB - A 62-year-old man with a tegmental medullary glioma lost 30 pounds of weight in several months because of lack of appetite and early satiety. The medullary tegmentum may play an important role in regulating feeding behavior in humans. PMID- 3166511 TI - Effect of continuous intravenous infusion of zidovudine (AZT) in children with symptomatic HIV infection. AB - To produce concentrations of zidovudine (AZT) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid that would provide constant inhibition of the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we gave AZT by continuous intravenous infusion to 21 children ranging in age from 14 months to 12 years who had acquired HIV infection through transfusions or perinatally. All patients were symptomatic before AZT treatment (Class P2 of the Centers for Disease Control); 13 (62 percent) had evidence of neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The mean CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.18; 11 patients had CD4 counts below 0.2 x 10(9) per liter. We administered AZT at four dose levels: 0.5, 0.9, 1.4, and 1.8 mg per kilogram of body weight per hour. The plasma drug concentrations achieved at the respective dose levels were 1.9 +/- 0.3, 2.8 +/- 1.4, 3.1 +/- 1.1, and 4.5 +/- 1.0 microM. The steady state cerebrospinal fluid:plasma ratio was 0.24 +/- 0.07. The only evidence of toxicity was bone marrow suppression. Transfusion was required in 14 patients because of low levels of hemoglobin (5 mmol per liter [less than 8 g per deciliter]). Dose-limiting neutropenia (less than 0.5 x 10(9) polymorphonuclear leukocytes per cubic millimeter) occurred in most patients who received doses of 1.4 mg per kilogram per hour or more. Improvement in neurodevelopmental abnormalities occurred in all 13 children who had presented with encephalopathy before treatment. Serial measurements of IQ before therapy and after three and six months of continuous therapy with AZT showed that IQ scores, including those for verbal and performance IQ, rose in these 13 patients and in 5 other children who had no detectable evidence of encephalopathy before treatment. Most patients also had increased appetite and weight, decreased lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly, decreased immunoglobulin levels, and increased numbers of CD4 cells. In some patients the improvement in the features of encephalopathy occurred despite the absence of immunologic improvement. We conclude that AZT is beneficial in children with symptomatic HIV infection, especially those with encephalopathy (which may be subclinical), and that the optimal continuous intravenous dose of AZT in children is between 0.9 and 1.4 mg per kilogram per hour. PMID- 3166516 TI - JCAH standards: year-round management. PMID- 3166515 TI - AIDS update--a roundup of news and trends. PMID- 3166517 TI - The control of eating disorders. PMID- 3166518 TI - Three-dimensional structure of d(GGGATCCC) in the crystalline state. AB - The structure of the self-complementary octamer d(GGGATCCC) has been analysed by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods at a nominal resolution of 2.5 A. With acceptable stereochemistry of the model the crystallographic R factor was 16.6% after restrained least-squares refinement. In the crystal, d(GGGATCCC) forms an A DNA double helix with slightly varying conformation of the two strands. The average displacement of the base pairs from the helix axis is unusually large and is accompanied by pronounced sliding of the base pairs along their long axes at all dinucleotide steps except for the central AT. With 12 base pairs per complete turn the helix is considerably underwound. As observed with most oligodeoxyribonucleotides analysed by X-ray crystallography so far, the octamer displays reduced base pair tilt, increased rise per base pair and a more open major groove compared with canonical A-DNA. We propose that, based on these parameters, three A-helical sub-families may be defined; d(GGGATCCC) then is a representative of the class with intermediate tilt, rise, and major groove width. PMID- 3166520 TI - Nucleotide sequence of chicken transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1). PMID- 3166519 TI - The ribosomal fraction mediates the translational enhancement associated with the 5'-leader of tobacco mosaic virus. AB - The omega sequence at the 5'-terminus of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA acts as a translational enhancer. The differential in omega-associated translational enhancement between the in vitro translation system derived from wheat germ (WG) and that from rabbit reticulocytes (MDL) was exploited to identify that lysate component which was responsible for a lysate's characteristic response to omega. Using fractionated MDL and WG lysates, which were reconstituted in various combinations, the high salt-washed ribosomal fraction was determined to be the responsive element in a lysate. Analysis of omega's ability to enhance translation was greatest at low mRNA and high ribosomal concentrations and to occur in the early phase of an in vitro translation assay. Translation of omega containing CAT mRNA was more sensitive to the presence of micrococcal nuclease than CAT mRNA without an omega. In substitution experiments, WG ribosomes functioned at much reduced efficiency in MDL as did MDL ribosomes in WG lysate. The initiation factor-containing fraction of one system could not, as a whole, functionally replace that of the other and actually acted to inhibit translation in the heterologous system. PMID- 3166521 TI - Standards of patient care: the Joint Commission focus on nursing quality assurance. AB - A process is described for qualified nurse administrators to set their own standards of care (as opposed to standards of practice set by professional organizations) in order to enhance and simplify the Joint Commission monitoring and evaluation activities required to measure both the quality and the appropriateness of clinical nursing care that patients receive. PMID- 3166523 TI - [Radiomodifying properties of the synthetic analog of prostaglandin F2 alpha estrofan]. AB - Estrofan (0.1 to 5 mg/kg) administered to rats and mice 5 min prior to gamma irradiation with doses of 8.5 to 9.5 Gy (LD90/30) increases the survival rate up to 30-40 per cent. The drug is ineffective when administered 30 and 60 min before irradiation. PMID- 3166522 TI - Sulfotransferase in humans: development and tissue distribution. AB - Sulfotransferase with 2-naphthol as substrate was investigated in the cytosolic fraction of human fetal liver, lungs, kidneys, adrenal glands, intestine and placenta and also in liver, lungs, kidneys, intestinal and urinary bladder mucosa from human adult subjects. All tissue specimens assayed catalyzed the sulfation of 2-naphthol at a significant rate. The activity (expressed as pmole per minute per milligram protein; mean +/- SD) was 211 +/- 197 (n = 46) fetal liver; 22 +/- 12 (n = 29) placenta; 625 +/- 205 (n = 42) human adult liver. In fetal kidneys (576 +/- 177; n = 6) and gut (558 +/- 293; n = 6) the activity was twice as high as in liver. In the lungs (273 +/- 125; n = 6) and in the adrenals (174 +/- 119; n = 19) the sulfotransferase activity was comparable with the hepatic one. In human adult extrahepatic tissues the highest activity was found in the intestinal mucosa (153 +/- 49; n = 4) and the lowest one in the urinary bladder mucosa (16 +/- 4; n = 4). This paper shows that the sulfotransferase has a wide distribution in the human fetus and the distribution pattern of this enzyme is different in the human fetus and adult subject. PMID- 3166524 TI - [Changes in the activity of the oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes of the animal cerebral cortex in the early periods after gamma irradiation and the use of meksamine and the synthetic analog of prostaglandin F2 alpha-estrofan]. AB - In experiments with (CBA x C57B1/6)F1 mice it was shown that LDH activity moderately increased 5 min after exposure of the head to 200 Gy gamma radiation. After 60 min, there was a 24.4 per cent decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity and a 24.3 per cent increase in SDG activity. Injected prior to irradiation meksamine precluded the postirradiation increase in SDH and alleviated the postirradiation decrease in alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 3166525 TI - Granulocyte progenitors (CFU-D) in neutrophilic leukemoid reaction are hyporesponsive to macrophage-induced inhibition. AB - The responsiveness of marrow granulocyte progenitors (CFU-D) to macrophage derived stimulatory and inhibitory factors has been studied using diffusion chamber technique in 12 patients with neutrophilic leukemoid reaction (with granulocyte count in the range between 10-40 G/l) and ten healthy subjects. CFU-D from patients with neutrophilic leukemoid reaction (NLR) revealed a normal reactivity to colony-stimulating activity, whereas they were hyporesponsive to macrophage-derived indomethacin-sensitive inhibition. This altered response was correlated both with the concentration of granulocyte progenitors in the S phase and with blood neutrophilic leukocytosis. In patients with higher granulocyte count and increased concentration of CFU-D during active DNA synthesis a more pronounced hyporesponsiveness of granulocyte progenitors to macrophage-induced inhibition has been found. PMID- 3166526 TI - Campylobacter pylori in gastroduodenal diseases: current views--future directions. Proceedings of an international workshop. Copenhagen, 15 and 16 October 1987. PMID- 3166527 TI - Monotherapy or polychemotherapy in the treatment of Campylobacter pylori-related gastroduodenal disease. AB - Three pilot studies were performed to evaluate the efficacy of bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) and nitrofurantoin to eradicate Campylobacter pylori colonization in man. Nitrofurantoin 3 x 100 mg capsules for 10 days did not clear C. pylori in any of 13 patients, and neither did the combination of BSS and nitrofurantoin suspension (0/6 patients). Immediately after high dose BSS therapy 3 x 900 mg for 28 days, 8/17 patients (47%) had negative cultures and rapid urease tests. There was recrudescence in 5 out of 6 patients so far submitted to follow-up investigations, giving a best possible outcome estimate of 18% and a worst possible eradication rate of 6% in this study. Preliminary data indicate that triple therapy may be a more effective option, but doubts remain as to whether the puristic therapeutic goal of complete bacterial eradication can be safely and effectively achieved with presently available drugs. PMID- 3166528 TI - Future strategies in acid-peptic disorders: concluding remarks. PMID- 3166529 TI - Natural sources and microbiological characteristics of Campylobacter pylori. PMID- 3166530 TI - Histological aspects of Campylobacter pylori colonisation and infection of gastric and duodenal mucosa. AB - The main features of the histopathology of Campylobacter pylori-associated gastritis are reviewed. The organism is strongly associated with the Type B pattern of chronic gastritis. It colonizes the abnormal antrum and is not usually seen on the normal mucosa. However it fails to colonize the abnormal antrum in the Type A gastritis of pernicious anaemia. When present in the duodenum it is in conjunction with severe duodenitis and gastric metaplasia. Although the organisms are present in over 70% of patients with peptic ulcer disease care must still be taken with identification, as other gastric spiral organisms can be present that are not Campylobacters. PMID- 3166531 TI - Pathogenetic implications of ultrastructural findings in Campylobacter pylori related gastroduodenal disease. AB - There is now substantial evidence that Campylobacter pylori (Cp) is able to colonize the gastroduodenal mucosa and is responsible for active chronic gastritis, its role in duodenitis, gastric ulceration and duodenal ulceration is still under debate. Cp has a lot of characteristics which are prerequisites for a pathogen: the typical S-shape, the corkscrew-like movement and the powerful urease and protease enzymes. These features allow a rapid movement through the mucous layer to permit access to the apical membranes of the surface mucous cells. There they adhere directly to the membranes and induce several ultrastructural alterations: degeneration of microvilli, depletion of mucous granules and an increase in sialic-acid rich glycoproteins in the apical part of the cytoplasma. Cp weakens the tight-junction complex and is found between the cells and sometimes intracellularly. Cp is phagocytized by invading polymorphonuclear leukocytes and causes an intense inflammatory response. These observations clearly demonstrate pathological alterations which in the cellular level induced by Cp with the result of a disrupted mucosal barrier of the stomach and the duodenum. PMID- 3166532 TI - Possible pathogenetic pathways of Campylobacter pylori in gastro-duodenal disease. AB - The exact pathogenic mechanisms involved in Campylobacter pylori associated gastro-duodenal inflammation are unclear. C. pylori adheres to gastric type epithelium and colonisation is associated with a number of ultrastructural abnormalities. Other factors thought important include the marked bacterial urease activity, enzymatic degradation of the mucous layer and possible toxins. The induced inflammatory reaction will also contribute to tissue damage and a breakdown of normal defense mechanisms. PMID- 3166533 TI - Immune response of the gastric mucosa to Campylobacter pylori. AB - The histological features of non-autoimmune chronic gastritis are consistent with those of a local immune response by the gastric mucosa. If Campylobacter pylori is causative in this condition, then the immune response will be in part specific for this organism. Antibodies to C. pylori are present in the gastric juice of infected patients. Coating of mucosal C. pylori by antibody in vivo can be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, and a neutrophil infiltrate (active gastritis) is associated with coating by opsonising antibodies. Gastric mucosa from patients with C. pylori produces specific immunoglobulin in vitro, and this antibody production correlates with the plasma cell infiltrate seen in these patients. Lymphoid follicles in gastric mucosa, implying local antigenic stimulation, are a specific feature of campylobacter-associated gastritis. The inflammation gradually abates following eradication of the bacteria. We conclude that the morphological features of campylobacter-associated gastritis represent the immune response of the mucosa to C. pylori. PMID- 3166534 TI - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serodiagnosis of Campylobacter pylori-associated gastritis. AB - An ELISA system, using an acid extractable cell surface C. pylori antigen, has been used to detect anti-C. pylori antibodies in 176 endoscoped patients. The antibody concentration was related to histological diagnosis and colonisation with Campylobacter-like organisms. The criteria for sero-positivity was determined from the median antibody concentration in a group of 368 non endoscoped control patients. The specificity and sensitivity of the sero diagnostic assay for histological gastritis in antral biopsies was 83.0% and 95.6% respectively. The positive (79.3%) and negative predictive values (94.3%) indicate that such a sero-diagnostic assay could be used to screen patients prior to endoscopy. PMID- 3166535 TI - Prevalence of Campylobacter pylori in duodenal and gastric mucosa--relationship to inflammation. AB - Endoscopic biopsies from 310 patients were studied for the presence of Campylobacter pylori (Cp). In the first group of 150 patients duodenal and antral biopsies were obtained and in the second (160 patients) biopsies were taken from various sites in the stomach including the antrum, incisura, body and fundus. In the duodenum there was a strong association with active inflammation and the presence of gastric metaplasia. Cp were never seen in the normal duodenum. In the stomach Cp presence was associated with gastritis irrespective of severity and site, but was absent in areas showing intestinal metaplasia. Cp were seen in histologically normal biopsies from all areas of the stomach but were significantly more common in normal fundal than normal antral mucosa. PMID- 3166536 TI - Role of infection in gastroduodenal pathology. PMID- 3166537 TI - The efficacy of antimicrobial treatment in Campylobacter pylori-associated gastritis and duodenal ulcer. AB - The efficacy of various antimicrobial and anti-ulcer agents on the elimination of Campylobacter pylori in duodenal ulcer patients was investigated. Ranitidine, cimetidine, pirenzepine, aluminium phosphate gel as well as combinations of H2 receptor antagonists or pirenzepine + penicillin V, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, phenyl-mercuryborate or rifampicin had no influence on C. pylori in vivo. Short term elimination of C. pylori was achieved in 3/15 patients treated with ranitidine + bacampicillin and in 1/5 treated with cimetidine + metronidazole. This elimination was accompanied by a significant reduction of polymorphonuclear infiltration of the antral mucosa. Development of bacterial resistance was observed in patients with additional quinolones, metronidazole and rifampicin but not in patients treated with betalactam antibiotics. PMID- 3166538 TI - Chronic erosive gastritis--a therapeutic approach with bismuth. AB - 37 patients with epigastric pain and chronic erosive gastritis underwent an open controlled therapeutic trial with bismuthsubsalicylate (BS). Group A (21 patients) was treated with BS, liquid, 4 X 314 mg for three weeks, group B (16 patients) with BS tablets, 3 X 300 mg for two weeks. A significant reduction of symptoms (p less than 0.001) and endoscopically assessed chronic erosions (p less than 0.001) was achieved in both groups. Campylobacter pylori was detected in 89% of the patients before treatment, but was absent in 78% of the patients after treatment. The histological grading of antral mucosa showed a significant reduction (p less than 0.001) of polymorphonuclear cell (PML) infiltration after two and three weeks treatment respectively. While in group A PML cells had disappeared from gastric mucosa in all but two patients, in group B 50% of the patients had some degree of PML cell infiltration left in the antral mucosa. This study confirms the beneficial effect of BS in the treatment of C. pylori associated active chronic gastritis and reemphasizes the pathogenetic role of C. pylori in this disease. PMID- 3166540 TI - Doxycycline revisited. Proceedings of a symposium. New York, NY, 9 October 1987. PMID- 3166539 TI - Epidemiology of Campylobacter pylori infection: ethnic considerations. AB - A proper perspective of the association of Campylobacter pylori with various diseases can be achieved only when the incidence of C. pylori infection in the normal population is known. We used the 13C urea breath test (a simple, specific, noninvasive, safe, and reproducible method to assess the presence of active C. pylori infection) to compare the frequency of C. pylori infection in healthy young adults from three areas of the world. We studied 26 women and 32 men (ages 20 to 29): 29 from the United States, 10 from China, 6 from Mexico, and 13 from India. All foreign nationals had been in the United States 5 years or less. The frequency of C. pylori infection was 21%, 67%, 33% and 46%, for those from the U.S., China, Mexico and India, respectively. Although, we found no difference in the frequency of C. pylori infection among ethnic groups from North America (U.S. citizens compared with citizens of Mexico), all individuals studied were of middle to upper class socioeconomic status. Subsequent studies will investigate whether the prevalence of C. pylori infection is different in economically disadvantaged populations. Our results suggest that there may be major differences in the age-related frequency of C. pylori infection in individuals from different parts of the world. PMID- 3166541 TI - Concentrations of doxycycline in muscle tissue and muscle tissue fluid. AB - Doxycycline is known to have a marked tissue affinity, but there seems to be no previous studies where doxycycline levels have been compared in different compartments of a tissue. The purpose of the present investigation was to measure concentrations of doxycycline in serum, muscle and muscle tissue fluid using an experimental model in rabbits. After an intravenous infusion of doxycycline 10 mg/kg, samples were obtained at intervals for 4 h and concentrations were measured using microbiological methods. The levels of doxycycline in muscle tissue fluid followed closely the concentrations in serum and showed a similar rate of elimination. Doxycycline concentrations in muscle peaked later than the tissue fluid concentrations and were much higher than the corresponding serum level (mean ratio tissue/serum = 3.5). PMID- 3166542 TI - Treatment of malignant pleural effusion with doxycycline. AB - Pleurodesis for effective control of malignant pleural effusion can be induced with various methods and agents. In 18 patients with histologically or cytologically proven malignant pleural effusion, 500 mg doxycycline hydrochloride diluted in 30 ml of saline was instilled into the emptied pleural space. Tube drainage was performed using suction or gravity. More than one doxycycline instillation was required in 13 cases. Serial chest radiography showed the response to be complete in 11 of the 18 patients and partial in four, while three did not respond. There was no difference between the results obtained with the two drainage systems. In all of the complete responders who died there was no sign of reaccumulated pleural effusion at terminal admission, despite clinical evidence of systemic tumor progression. Three patients--all with breast carcinoma -are alive after 5-27 months, two as complete responders and one as partial responder. The most common side effect was pleuritic pain, defined as significant if narcotic analgesics were required. A moderate febrile reaction appeared in four patients during the first 24 hours post-instillation. The study showed doxycycline to be an effective sclerosing agent for inducing pleurodesis, with acceptable adverse effects. PMID- 3166543 TI - Impact of different antimicrobial agents on the colonisation resistance in the intestinal tract with special reference to doxycycline. AB - The administration of antimicrobial agents has a number of effects on the intestinal microflora. One is the reduction of colonisation resistance, i.e., the resistance displayed by the host to implantation of new microorganisms in the intestinal microflora. In the present investigation, the impact of three antimicrobial agents--clindamycin, doxycycline and erythromycin--on the colonisation resistance in the intestinal human microflora was examined. Two of the agents--clindamycin and erythromycin--disturbed the colonisation resistance and caused ecological changes, while the third agent--doxycycline--better preserved the colonisation resistance. Ecological effects are difficult to foresee and clinical studies of antimicrobial agents should include investigations of the impact on the normal human intestinal microflora. PMID- 3166544 TI - Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical aspects on the use of doxycycline in patients with active duodenal ulcer associated with Campylobacter pylori. AB - Seven patients with active duodenal ulcer and positive cultures for Campylobacter pylori were given anti-ulcer treatment for 28 days with the addition of doxycycline for the last nine days. Repeated endoscopy with biopsy for culture and doxycycline concentration determinations from the mucosa at the end of doxycycline therapy showed that five of seven patients remained positive in culture. The concentrations of doxycycline in biopsy material were 0.1 to 0.3 mg/kg in four patients; in three patients the level of antibiotic was not measurable. The serum concentrations of doxycycline in six patients varied between 0.5 and 2.7 mg/l. One patient had less than 0.5 mg/l. The two patients with C. pylori negative cultures at the end of therapy had serum concentrations of doxycycline of 2.4 and 1.0 mg/l. These patients were positive in biopsy culture for C. pylori 12 weeks after therapy. In conclusion, doxycycline does not eradicate C. pylori when given in recommended dosage for 9 days. PMID- 3166545 TI - The use of doxycycline in nervous system Borrelia burgdorferi infection. AB - Alternatives to high dose benzylpenicillin treatment are sought for in patients with mild Borrelia burgdorferi nervous system infection. Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 10-20 days was used in nine patients with radicular pains, vertigo or weakness in the legs caused by B. burgdorferi infection. The patients had suffered from neurologic symptoms for a median time of five months. In eight patients doxycycline was orally administered and in one intravenously. All nine patients had remission of radicular pain and vertigo during the treatment period. Two patients with weakness in the legs improved slowly in muscle strength over a three month period. The doxycycline concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid was 0.2-1.0 mg/l and in serum 1.9-7.1 mg/l after five days treatment. Doxycycline treatment was found successful in our patients with mild tick borne neuroborreliosis. PMID- 3166546 TI - Nephrotoxicity in leukemic patients receiving empirical amphotericin B and aminoglycosides. AB - Twelve leukemic patients (19%) receiving amphotericin B and aminoglycosides had nephrotoxicity (creatinine value greater than 2.0 mg/dl). Patients with nephrotoxicity tended to be older than patients without nephrotoxicity; gender and total amphotericin B dose were not related to nephrotoxicity. Sodium administration has previously been shown to reverse amphotericin B nephrotoxicity. In this series, among patients receiving ticarcillin at greater than or equal to 18 gm/day (93.6 mEq of sodium per day) the incidence of nephrotoxicity was significantly decreased (1/30, or 3.3%). A multivariate analysis showed that this protective effect of ticarcillin was not dependent on the fact that patients receiving ticarcillin were less likely to receive vancomycin. There were insufficient patients receiving sodium in the absence of ticarcillin to study the effect of sodium alone. However, our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that sodium can prevent renal dysfunction in this clinical situation. PMID- 3166548 TI - Distribution of properdin factor B and glyoxalase I (further genetic markers) in Northern Ireland. AB - The normal distribution in Northern Ireland of the genetic markers properdin factor B (Bf) and glyoxalase I (GLO) are described. These markers are available for comparison in disease studies, family studies and paternity studies. PMID- 3166547 TI - The Colton blood group locus. A linkage analysis. AB - Accumulated family information was compiled in an attempt to verify the chromosomal location of the Colton blood group locus (CO). Two-point linkage analysis of CO and 46 other polymorphic loci excludes CO from 1p36 to 1q23, 3q21 to 3q26, 4q13 to 4q28, 6p24 to 6 cen, and 19p13.2 to 19 cen and from linkage groups bounded by ABO and ORM, PI and IGHG, and HP and GOT2. The dwindling odds of linkage between CO:JK are reinforced (z = -5.28 at theta = 0.20). Close linkage of CO with ACP1 and D2S5 could not be demonstrated. The proposed chromosome 2 location of CO is therefore questioned. PMID- 3166549 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of patients with hematologic diseases]. AB - The article presents results of the operative treatment of 42 patients with different hematological diseases. The surgical treatment is indicated to patients resistant to cytostatic drugs and having symptoms of hyperplenism. The appearance of thrombohemorrhagic syndrome is sometimes possible in the postoperative period which can be prevented by heparin therapy. PMID- 3166550 TI - Diazepam for inappetence. PMID- 3166551 TI - [Blood groups and the clinical course of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3166553 TI - Temporal development of cross-neutralization between HTLV-III B and HTLV-III RF in experimentally infected chimpanzees. AB - Sera from chimpanzees inoculated respectively with HTLV-III B, LAV, HTLV-III RF and brain tissue from an AIDS patient were analysed for neutralizing activity by two methods: a cell fusion inhibition test (CFI) using HTLV-III B infected cells as inoculum and CD4+ cells as target and a replication inhibition test (RIT) using cell-free HTLV-III B as well as HTLV-III RF as inoculum and also CD4+ cells as target. All chimpanzees seroconverted for HTLV-III B antibodies within 2 months after inoculation and the ten sera included in the study recognized the HTLV-III B core proteins p17 and p24 and the transmembrane protein gp41 by immunoblotting. The HTLV-III B external envelope gp120 was recognized by eight sera with antibodies active in the CFI (CFI-Ab) or in the RIT (VN-Ab) using HTLV III B as inoculum, while neither of two sera without such reactivity did. HTLV III B CFI-Ab and HTLV-III B VN-Ab concurred in nine of ten serum samples. LAV and HTLV-III B infection induced HTLV-III B CFI-Ab and HTLV-III B VN-Ab within 9 months after inoculation in all four chimpanzees tested. However, only the serum of one of the four animals also neutralized HTLV-III RF. HTLV-III RF inoculation evoked only HTLV-III RF VN-Ab within nine months. Between 11 and 18 months neutralizing activity to both HTLV-III B and HTLV-III RF was found in all four sera of chimpanzees inoculated with HTLV-III B, LAV or HTLV-III RF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3166552 TI - Cytotoxic drug penetration studies in multicellular tumour spheroids. AB - 1. The three-dimensional structure of human lung tumour spheroids conferred a degree of resistance to the anthracyclines adriamycin, 4'-deoxydoxorubicin, daunomycin and daunomycin-low density lipoprotein complex in comparison with cells grown as a monolayer, as assessed by delayed growth and clonogenic cell survival. 2. 4'-Deoxydoxorubicin induced a longer growth delay and greater clonogenic cell kill than adriamycin in spheroids, although it was no more cytotoxic in monolayer. 3. Fluorescent microscopy demonstrated that the more lipophilic analogues partitioned into the spheroid more rapidly and to a greater degree than adriamycin. 4. The spheroid model demonstrated that penetration is an important aspect of resistance to anthracycline drugs, and this approach may represent a better in vitro system for testing lipophilic analogues of cytotoxic drugs. PMID- 3166554 TI - [Need for post-operative radiographs--case report]. PMID- 3166555 TI - [Panoramic layer as focal point? Comparison with intraoral radiological state]. PMID- 3166556 TI - [Infections and abscesses in dental practice. 2. Pocket abscess, difficult tooth eruption, subperiosteal and submucosal abscess]. PMID- 3166557 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse and temporomandibular joint function]. PMID- 3166558 TI - [Occlusal surface abrasion of composites]. PMID- 3166559 TI - [Pulsoximetry in dentistry]. PMID- 3166560 TI - [New electronic apparatus for diagnosis and therapy for dental practice--the Odontometer]. PMID- 3166561 TI - [Radiographic causes--unusual case--together with a contribution to differential diagnosis]. PMID- 3166563 TI - [Endodontic implant system. I. Study of cost aspects of implants]. PMID- 3166562 TI - [Scanning electron microscope comparison of blended and non-blended metal crowns and Dicor glass ceramic crowns]. PMID- 3166564 TI - [IK-implants and their prosthetic maintenance]. PMID- 3166565 TI - [Care of wounded dentin]. PMID- 3166566 TI - [Dentist must advise patients about nutrition]. PMID- 3166567 TI - [Calcium hydroxide preparations--classification and clinical use (2)]. PMID- 3166568 TI - [Autoinduction of differentiation by WEHI-3B myelomonocytic leukemia cells]. PMID- 3166569 TI - [Promyelocytic crisis in chronic myelogenous leukemia transformed to basophilic crisis with clonal evolution during a short period]. PMID- 3166570 TI - [Quantitative studies of megakaryokinetics in chronic myeloproliferative disorders]. PMID- 3166571 TI - Social behaviour of rats after cystamine and mexamine--effect of pharmacological stress. PMID- 3166573 TI - Bone formation induced in an infant by systemic prostaglandin-E2 administration. AB - We report a case of long-term systemic administration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to a newborn infant with ductus-dependent congenital heart disease. After 46 days of treatment, radiography showed cortical hyperostosis of the long bones. The child died 62 days after discontinuation of prostaglandin treatment. Histologic examination of tubular bones showed hyperostosis presumably due to prostaglandin induced rapid formation of primitive bone. The additional finding of extensive resorption of the outer cortical surface and bone formation at the inner surface suggested a reversible phase after discontinuation of treatment. PMID- 3166572 TI - Reconstruction with a free vascularized fibular graft for malignant bone tumor. AB - Seven patients with a bone tumor were operated on with local excision and a free vascularized fibular graft. Four of the patients received both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The blood flow in the grafts was evaluated by scintigraphy within 1 week after the operation. The median follow-up time was 4 (1-5) years. All but one graft-host junction healed primarily. There were 5 graft fractures in 3 patients. Four of the fractures occurred in 2 patients who received preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Three of these fractures healed without surgery. Resorption of the grafts was never seen, whereas hypertrophy was observed in 6 patients. None of the patients had any permanent morbidity at the donor site. One patient had tumor recurrence and died after 2 years. Our findings indicate that a vascularized bone graft is also a useful alternative for reconstruction of large bone defects in patients receiving both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. PMID- 3166575 TI - Recent advances in facial nerve research in Japan. Selected papers from an epidemiological and clinical study of idiopathic facial palsy in Japan. PMID- 3166576 TI - Results of facial nerve decompression. AB - To evaluate the benefit of facial nerve decompression for Bell's palsy and Hunt's syndrome, prognoses of patients who underwent surgery were compared with those of patients treated conservatively. Facial nerve decompression was slightly effective only in the Bell's palsy patients having 95-100% maximal nerve degeneration, when it was performed at a very early stage of the palsy. No significant difference in the incidence of sequelae was observed between surgically and conservatively treated groups. In Hunt's syndrome, the prognosis for the surgical group was poorer than that of the conservatively treated group. PMID- 3166574 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis in the pathogenesis of fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles. AB - The fronto-ethmoidal mucocele is a rare condition capable of expansion and erosion of bone. Its etiology is attributed to obstruction of the fronto-nasal duct and inflammation. To elucidate the role of inflammation, mucocele fragments and fibroblasts cultured from them were examined in vitro to assess prostaglandin E2 synthesis. The cultured fibroblasts when stimulated with mononuclear cell culture supernatant produced significant levels of prostaglandin E2 and collagenase, compared with normal frontal sinus mucosa fibroblasts removed at craniotomy. These significantly elevated mucocele levels of prostaglandin E2 (p = less than 0.001) suggest that lining fibroblasts are a major source of bone resorbing factors, acting under the stimulus of lymphocytes and monocytes and which operate at the mucocele-bone interface, facilitating expansion. This situation closely parallels that already established in odontogenic cysts. PMID- 3166577 TI - Effects of Aciclovir in Ramsay Hunt syndrome. AB - Nine patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome were treated with Aciclovir and the effects of this treatment were observed for 6 months. The results were excellent in 5 cases, fair in 3, and poor in one case. Otalgia and auricular herpes was improved rapidly after the administration of Aciclovir. No severe side effect was observed in this study. PMID- 3166578 TI - Experiments on antidromic evoked potentials of the facial nerve. A possible electroneurodiagnostic examination of intratemporal facial nerve paralysis. AB - Registering of AEPs of the facial nerve was attempted both in animals and in human subjects. In animal experiments using cats and guinea pigs, electrical stimulus was given to the zygomatic branch. The neural responses registered from the electrode placed on the fallopian canal or on the posterior wall of the external auditory canal were verified to be the AEP. The AEP appeared to be a sensitive and simultaneous indicator of the neural compression damage. In the human experiments, the three major peripheral branches were transcutaneously stimulated, and the AEPs were registered in the depth of the external auditory canal. The marginal mandibular branch was thought to be the most suitable branch of the transcutaneous stimulation for human application. The AEPs registered from a patient with Bell's palsy was demonstrated. PMID- 3166579 TI - Fluorescence findings of the facial nerve at decompression operation. AB - Decompression operation was performed on patients with Bell's palsy and facial nerve palsy due to temporal bone fracture or otitis media, and a study was made on the relation between the fluorescence findings of the nerve and prognosis. The fluorescence of nerve was visible in 4 cases of Bell's palsy but none of the patients was completely cured, though the degree of cure tended to be proportional to the intensity of fluorescence. On the other hand, cure was seen even in cases of facial nerve palsy due to temporal bone fracture or otitis media that showed no fluorescence or any response in the maximal stimulation test (MST). It is suggested that Bell's palsy and facial nerve palsy due to trauma or otitis media do not share the same pathophysiology. PMID- 3166580 TI - Vulnerable site of the facial nerve. From histopathology of seven temporal bones. AB - In the present work, a series of studies was made of seven temporal bones taken from 5 newborns within 6 h of death. In the 5 cases considered in this study, all of which had suffered from severe circulatory disease of congenital or unknown origin, destruction of the facial nerve as well as severe congestions were noted. The following findings were common to all seven temporal bones. (1) Bleeding together with destruction of the nerve had originated in the mid-section of the tympanic portion and increased distally up to the distal portion of the mastoid. (2) Bleeding was restricted mainly to the inner side of the perineurium or in the nerve trunk. (3) There was little bleeding in the epineurium, with the exception of both temporal bones in one of the cases. Although destruction of nerve fibres and the perineurium was prominent in all cases, in six of the temporal bones, traces of nerve trunk remained as a mould, with or without erythrocytes. In one temporal bone in case 5, which survived only 16 days, most of the nerve fibres had changed into fibrous tissue around which bleeding and small vessels containing erythrocytes were prominent. From these findings, it is postulated that the pathological change in the Fallopian canal of six of the temporal bones resulted from acute congestion after birth (due to acute reduction of oxygen density in the arterial blood resulting from severe congenital heart disease), while that of the remaining temporal bone resulted from chronic congestion which had already existed during gestation. It may be concluded that disturbance of blood flow is likely to occur from and distal to the tympanic portion of the Fallopian canal and that this may be due to the peculiar structure of the blood vessels in this area. PMID- 3166581 TI - Electronmicroscopic observation of the human facial nerve. AB - The facial nerves of Bell's palsy, Ramsay-Hunt's syndrome and traumatic facial palsy patients were studied using a transmission electron microscope. Changes were a proliferation of the collagen fibres, the degeneration of the Schwann cell, and a loosened or deteriorated myelin sheath. These changes differ considerably between individuals. Changes also vary in one subject. The cause and severity of the lesion, the duration of the palsy and the location of biopsy are possibly responsible for this phenomenon. PMID- 3166582 TI - Effect of flunarizine on experimentally induced facial nerve injury. AB - The effect of flunarizine, a calcium antagonist, on experimentally induced facial nerve injury in guinea pigs was studied electron microscopically. In flunarizine untreated animals, intra-axonal accumulation of cell organelles and degradation of myelin sheaths were observed. In flunarizine-treated animals, these changes were not observed, but a knob-like protrusion of myelin sheaths and a structure resembling the myelin sheath in Schwann cell cytoplasm was occasionally observed. PMID- 3166583 TI - Pathological features of peripheral facial paralysis caused by malignant tumour. AB - It has been reported that tumour invasion of the facial canal does not necessarily produce facial paralysis. The purpose of this paper is to present the facial nerve pathology in cases of facial paralysis caused by malignant neoplasms. Forty-seven temporal bones acquired from patients who died of malignant neoplasms were used for this analysis. Of the 47, 18 temporal bones (38.3%) had temporal bone metastasis or invasion. In 6 cases, the tumour destroyed the bony facial canals exposing the facial nerves to the invading tumour cells. The records of the patients showed that only half of the patients had facial paralysis. Those in whom tumour cells invaded the facial nerve beyond the epineural sheath had complete facial paralysis before death. PMID- 3166584 TI - Relationship between idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis and climate. AB - We attempted to analyse a relationship between idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis and climate. One hundred and thirty-seven patients, 76 female and 61 male, were studied. The occurrence was not correlated with the mean temperature, mean humidity or mean atmospheric pressure. It can be assumed that unfavorable weather conditions, i.e. a wide temperature range, a lower percentage of sunshine and cloudy days, may bring on idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis. PMID- 3166585 TI - Nationwide investigation on diagnostic methods for facial palsy. AB - We investigated the present status concerning the performance of examinations of facial nerve function for facial palsy, based on statistics obtained from the project supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A) from the Ministry of Education. The project is called An Epidemiological and Clinical Study on the Idiopathic Facial Palsy. In an analysis of the questionnaire "individual investigation card for idiopathic facial palsy" obtained from 28 medical facilities throughout Japan between 1984 and 1986, the outline of the examinations performed for peripheral facial palsy was examined. PMID- 3166586 TI - Measurement of facial nerve conduction velocity and its application to patients with Bell's palsy. AB - Motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) of the facial nerve was measured by electrical stimulation of the marginal mandibular branch and by evoked electromyography of the mentalis muscle. Normal MCV was 48.8 +/- 3.68 (mean +/- SD) m/s. In 132 patients with Bell's palsy, the minimum MCV was investigated within 2 weeks after onset. Sixty patients with normal MCV completely recovered in 1 month, but in the other patients with lower MCV, recovery was delayed. All of the 19 patients with markedly decreased MCV (0 to 10 m/s) exhibited partial recovery at 6 months after onset. MCV in Bell's palsy provides a good reflection of the prognosis, and of the degree of nerve damage. PMID- 3166587 TI - Electrodiagnostic findings in the early stages of Bell's palsy and Ramsay-Hunt's syndrome. AB - The incidence of denervation, as determined electrodiagnostically (nerve excitability test and electroneuronography), was analysed during the course of the disease in 150 patients with Bell's palsy and 45 with Ramsay-Hunt's syndrome. Of all 150 patients, 14.2% of those with Bell's palsy and 44% of the patients with Ramsay-Hunt syndrome either showed denervation at the time of the initial examination or developed denervation from neurapraxia within 3 weeks after the onset of paralysis. PMID- 3166588 TI - Face EMG Topographic analysis of mimetic movements in patients with Bell's palsy. AB - A face EMG topography system was newly designed and manufactured by the authors. During mimetic actions, such as wrinkling the forehead, closing the eyes, blinking, grinning and blowing out the cheeks, EMG from 16 disk electrodes were concurrently recorded from the frontalis, orbicularis oculi, and orbicularis oris muscles on both sides. The EMG spike potentials fed to on-line computer processing were integrated and calculated with an interpolation formula in the computer, and the colour topographic figures derived from these calculations were displayed on CRT and printed out. These topograms were related to the amount of muscular activity. This technique was applied to 33 patients with Bell's palsy to document the degree and the time course of their mimetic dysfunction. The results obtained were reliable and reproducible. This technique will be useful as one of the proposed methods on grading of facial movement loss in clinical practice. PMID- 3166589 TI - The significance of stapedial reflex test in facial nerve paralysis. AB - The stapedial reflex of 30 patients with peripheral facial nerve paralysis was compared with the results of facial paralysis scores. The stapedial reflex was measured with an oto-reflex analyser, RS-06A. The stimulation frequencies in the stapedial reflex test were 500, 1,000 and 2,000 Hz for both ipsilateral and contralateral stimulation. The stapedial reflex test at 500 Hz for contralateral stimulation seemed to be useful for evaluating the degree of facial paralysis. With 500 Hz or 1,000 Hz contralateral stimulation, the stapedial reflex test seemed to be useful for predicting the prognosis for facial nerve paralysis. In these stimulations, cases with a positive reflex within 2 weeks showed complete recovery within 12 weeks, and cases with positive reflex within 4 weeks showed recovery within 24 weeks. PMID- 3166590 TI - Nerve excitability test using fine needle electrodes. AB - The NET using needle electrodes is a simple and useful test. Children readily tolerate the procedure. For prognosticative purposes it is more effective than the conventional NET using surface electrodes. When positive responses to NET using needle electrodes are recorded after 3 days from onset of palsy, irrespective of the absolute threshold value, prognosis is good. In Bell's palsy, NET is positive for 90%, and for 73% in Hunt's syndrome. Apart from one case our patients showed complete recovery by EMG evaluation. PMID- 3166591 TI - An epidemiological and clinical study on idiopathic facial palsy in Japan. PMID- 3166592 TI - Prognostic value of blink test in patients with facial paralysis. AB - In order to gain an early estimate of a prognosis for facial paralysis, the vertical eye movements associated with eyeblinks (Bell's phenomenon) in 39 patients with acute unilateral Bell's paralysis and Hunt's syndrome and of 21 normal subjects were recorded by electronystagmography. These data were then analysed with a small digital computer (PDP 11/34). The results were compared with electroneurography (ENoG) and nerve excitability test (NET) results and can be summarized as follows: 1. Difference in velocity and amplitude between left and right eye movement during eyeblink (called blink index), diminished in inverse proportion to any improvement of lagophthalmos. 2. All the 5 patients showing more than 80% in maximum blink index (MBI) proved to have a poor prognosis, whereas 18 of 19 patients having a MBI of 40% or less proved to have a good prognosis. The blink test was deemed to be of equal clinical significance to ENoG and NET for predicting facial paralysis. 3. The blink test does not require needle electrodes for electrical stimulus, nor any special equipment other than electronystagmography, and yet this test can provide a quantitative analysis of a degeneration profile in facial paralysis. PMID- 3166593 TI - Auditory postauricular responses in patients with peripheral facial nerve palsy. AB - Auditory postauricular response (PAR) was determined in 52 subjects with normal hearing and 83 patients with unilateral peripheral facial nerve palsy. PAR was induced bilaterally by bilateral aural stimulation in 50 (96%) of the 52 subjects. Determination of PAR in the 83 patients disclosed that the prognosis was significantly (p less than 0.01) better for those in whom PAR occurred within 4 weeks of onset, in comparison with those without PAR. PAR determination was thus considered to be a useful procedure for determining the prognosis of peripheral facial nerve palsy. PMID- 3166594 TI - Studies with electrocochleography and auditory brainstem response in Ramsay Hunt syndrome. AB - Eighteen cases of Ramsay Hunt syndrome were examined with electrocochleography and auditory brainstem response. Hearing was normal in 4 cases, while the other 14 exhibited sensorineural hearing loss ranging from mild to moderate in severity. Although the I-V interwave latency in all cases was within or slightly outside of the normal limits, the N1 latency was significantly prolonged in 8 cases proportionately to the degree of hearing loss at 4 and 8 kHz. The histopathological findings reported so far have indicated that the main lesion in this syndrome is in the internal auditory canal (2, 3, 4, 5). The results obtained in the present study, however, clearly show that the main site responsible for the hearing loss is not in the retrocochlear region, but in the cochlea. The possible mechanism of the cochlear involvement in this syndrome was discussed. PMID- 3166595 TI - ENG findings in patients with Bell's palsy. Relationship between visual suppression and clinical course. AB - Electronystagmography (ENG) is known to be a useful method for the evaluation of vestibular disorders. We tested 40 Bell's palsy patients who visited our clinic within 3 weeks after the onset of paralysis with ENG. Regarding the ENG findings and facial nerve damage, there were no correlations between the severity of paralysis in the initial period and the degree of paralysis recovery and existence of spontaneous, positional and positioning nystagmus. Patients with CP had a significantly severe paralysis in the initial period, but then showed varying degrees of recovery from the paralysis. Appearance of DP was not dependent upon the severity of facial paralysis in the initial period or the degree of paralysis recovery. Patients without visual suppression had a more severe paralysis in the initial period and a poor paralysis recovery at 3 months after the onset of paralysis. PMID- 3166596 TI - Occurrence of sequelae in Bell's palsy. AB - The occurrence of sequelae in 330 patients with Bell's palsy followed up for more than 6 months was investigated. At least one of five kinds of sequelae (synkinesis, crocodile tears syndrome, spasm, contracture, tinnitus and/or hearing loss during facial movement) was observed in 30 of the 330 cases (9.1%). Sequelae occurred at 23.9-39.0 weeks (mean) after onset of palsy and at scores of 30-34 points (mean; full score 40 points). The incidence of sequelae was correlated to the degree of facial nerve dysfunction. PMID- 3166597 TI - Effect of pharmacological agents on the activity of the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers of human fallopian tube ampullar segments. AB - The in vitro determination of the effects of some pharmacological agents on the outer diameter and axial tension of human Fallopian tube ampullar segments showed that some drugs may act on the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers relatively separately. PGF2 alpha elicited an excitatory response in both muscle layers while norepinephrine and isoproterenol decreased the activity. Oxytocin and indomethacin had relatively limited effects on the spontaneous motility of the ampullar segments. The calcium antagonist verapamil inhibited the spontaneous periodic activity. PMID- 3166598 TI - Biological measures. Their theoretical and diagnostic value in psychiatry. Proceedings of a symposium. September 1986. PMID- 3166599 TI - Cybernetics, activation, and drug effects. AB - Patients present unique combinations of familial relationships, developmental idiosyncrasies, social aberrations, affective states, cognitive abilities, symptoms, defects, and maladaptations. Psychopharmacological treatments form a useful approach to cutting through this complexity to the core pathophysiology. Focusing on disorders that can be brought to complete remission by medication suggests that retarded and agitated depressions, manic and angry hyperactive paranoid states, panic disorder, emotionally unstable character disorders and schizophrenias are governed by the degree of derangement of an affective activation control system. Defects in this control system are best conceptualized in cybernetic terms rather than in terms of the current rheostat models. Conceptualization of cybernetic defects allows for understanding of psychopathological developments as well as give a framework for pharmacological benefits. One aspect of the activation-affective disorders, are disorders of two types of pleasure regulatory mechanism, here referred to as appetitive and consummatory. The relationship of disorders of these hedonic control mechanisms to affective states and those of drug abuse are considered. This schema also affirms a close relationship between the bipolar affective disorders and the schizophrenias. PMID- 3166600 TI - Prediction of clinical change by ethological methods. AB - The aim of this paper is to show that ethology may contribute to the search for early indicators of clinical changes in depression. Three studies are presented. One study deals with the prediction of treatment outcome over 10 weeks and the other two with the prediction of the acute clinical response to total sleep deprivation (TSD). In each study a number of behaviours were observed, as displayed during a baseline psychiatric interview by the patients as well as the psychiatrist. In this report, the predictive potency of directly observed behaviours is compared to the predictive value of global clinical measures of psychomotor activation. The behaviours of the patients were interpreted as "relational" and "nonrelational" behaviours. The relational behaviours (i.e., variation in looking, yes-nodding, gesturing) occurred less, the nonrelational behaviours (i.e., intensive body touching, head movements) occurred more in responders than in nonresponders to 10 weeks of treatment. Also in the TSD studies body touching was positively related to improvement. Global clinical assessment of psychomotor activation could not be related to outcome. The advantages of the observational methods are discussed. PMID- 3166601 TI - Leukemia in the central nervous system. AB - The frequency of central nervous system (CNS) leukemia was studied in patients aged 15-59 with acute leukemia, who had received induction treatment in the years 1971-1986. Twelve out of 103 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) developed CNS leukemia in spite of prophylaxis consisting of intrathecal methotrexate. Ten out of 217 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) developed CNS leukemia. None had been given preventive treatment. Leukemic blasts with either M4 or M5 morphology appeared to increase the risk of CNS relapse. Treatment was adjusted to the clinical problem of each patient, but always included intrathecal methotrexate. Median survival after a diagnosis of CNS leukemia was 8 and 6 months in ALL and AML respectively, with bone marrow failure due to hematologic relapse as the leading cause of death. CNS leukemia, if properly treated, does probably not shorten survival. An active approach to diagnosis and treatment is therefore mandatory. PMID- 3166602 TI - Severe persistent cerebellar dysfunction complicating cytosine arabinoside therapy. AB - A case of persistent cerebellar dysfunction following high-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia is reported. The symptoms developed after a cumulative dose of 24 g/m2, and 6 months after the start of symptoms, the signs of cerebellar damage were unchanged. The symptoms aggravated during a subsequent low-dose therapy with Ara-C, 15 mg twice daily. This supports the presumption that this adverse effect is caused by the cumulative dose rather than by high plasma concentrations. PMID- 3166603 TI - Steady-state cord and amniotic fluid ceftizoxime levels continuously surpass maternal levels. AB - As part of our management protocol for preterm premature rupture of membranes, ceftizoxime and tocolysis were used to prolong the latent period and prevent or treat concomitant infection. Ceftizoxime was selected for this protocol based on its physiochemical properties, which favor placental transfer of the drug. Patients achieving steady-state pharmacodynamics (more than three doses of the drug) were considered eligible for study. Ceftizoxime levels were determined by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. All levels measured after the first hour of treatment were indicative of the relative concentration of ceftizoxime in the fetal and amniotic fluid compartments when compared with the maternal compartment. Mean (+/- SEM) ceftizoxime levels were 11.96 + 2.35 micrograms/ml in maternal serum, 24.54 +/- 4.78 micrograms/ml in cord serum, and 43.45 +/- 4.97 micrograms/ml in amniotic fluid. Based on its broad antibacterial activity and its high concentration in fetal blood and amniotic fluid, ceftizoxime appears to be an ideal agent for treatment of the intrauterine environment. PMID- 3166604 TI - Breast sarcoma with giant cells and osteoid. PMID- 3166605 TI - Hypoventilation caused by ventilator valve rupture. PMID- 3166606 TI - Thrombocytopenia, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and zidovudine. PMID- 3166607 TI - Resolution of resistant chronic herpetic lesions with zidovudine in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 3166608 TI - Comparative effects of acetylcholine on the reptilian and mammalian aortae. AB - Responses of the lizard and the rabbit thoracic aortae to acetylcholine were studied. Acetylcholine (ACh) (10 nM-100 microM), carbachol (10 nM-50 microM) and PGF2 alpha (100 nM-100 microM) produced concentration-dependent contractions of the lizard thoracic aorta (LTA) with rapid tachyphylaxis. On the other hand, acetylcholine and carbachol relaxed the rabbit thoracic aorta (RTA) dose dependently. There was no tachyphylaxis. Tachyphylaxis in the LTA was prevented by indomethacin (1 microM) or by rubbing the endothelium. Endothelial removal abolished ACh-induced relaxation of the RTA. Relaxation of the RTA and contractions of LTA were blocked by atropine, pirenzepine, acetoxy-N-methyl piperidine methbromide (4-DAMP) and diltiazem. Removal of the endothelium rendered RTA insensitive to ACh. However, ACh-induced contractions of the LTA were not so influenced by removal of endothelial cells. It is concluded that the lizard thoracic aorta releases a metabolite of arachidonic acid that mediates tachyphylaxis. Relaxation of the RTA after ACh is mediated via the release of endothelium-dependent relaxing factor. PMID- 3166609 TI - In-vitro adherence of oral streptococci in the presence of sucrose and its relationship to cariogenicity in the rat. AB - Streptococcus sanguis I gave a significantly greater percentage coverage (cell pellicle attachment) of saliva-coated glass in the presence of sucrose than did Strep. sanguis II (p less than 0.025), and both these gave greater percentage coverages than the other species tested, between which no significant differences were noted. There was a large number of significant differences in clump size (cell-cell attachment) between species-pairs. Among the mutans streptococci, there were significant differences in the percentage coverage between Streptococcus rattus/Streptococcus mutans (p less than 0.05) and Strep. rattus/Streptococcus sobrinus (p less than 0.01), and in clump size between all species-pairs with the exception of Streptococcus cricetus or Strep. sobrinus and Strep. mutans. The rank order of species in relation to fissure caries was mutans streptococci greater than Streptococcus salivarius greater than Streptococcus milleri greater than Strep. sanguis greater than Streptococcus faecalis greater than Streptococcus mitis greater than Streptococcus lactis. There was a significant correlation between percentage coverage in vitro and fissure caries in vivo for strains of Strep. sanguis (p less than 0.05) and pooled strains of Strep. mitis and Strep. sanguis (p less than 0.01). On comparing data for adherence in the presence or the absence of sucrose, the sugar had no effect on the percentage coverage of the seven species tested, but significantly increased the clump size of the mutans streptococci (p less than 0.01) and Strep. sanguis (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3166610 TI - Variation in levels of immunoglobulins A, G and E in human saliva. AB - These immunoglobulins were quantitated in 303 individuals belonging to 37 negroid and 26 caucasoid American families. Levels varied widely from individual to individual and frequency distributions were skewed toward the low levels. IgA was detected in all individuals except three children; two of whom were young and the third deficient in serum IgA. No salivary IgG was detected in 10 per cent of individuals, including both adults and children. IgA levels increased throughout life; IgG increased up to the teens and then leveled off; salivary IgE, like serum IgE, peaked before 10 years of age. Concentration of total salivary protein increased throughout life. Salivary immunoglobulin and protein concentrations were generally similar in negroids and caucasoids, only a difference in IgE levels was significant. The amount of all three classes of immunoglobulins was positively correlated with the corresponding class of serum immunoglobulins. Offspring-parent and sib-sib comparisons revealed that genetic factors contribute significantly to the variation in salivary immunoglobulins, but the heritability estimates were less uniform than those for serum immunoglobulins. PMID- 3166611 TI - Effects of chemical sympathectomy on postnatal development of the rat submandibular gland. AB - Temporary chemical sympathectomy was accomplished by daily injection of the catecholamine-depleting agent, reserpine, for the first six days of life. The rat pups were then allowed to mature, and their submandibular glands (SMG) sequentially examined by light and electron microscopy. Reserpine retarded SMG development by about two weeks when compared to saline-treated litter-mates. One day after the end of reserpine treatment, glands appeared rudimentary, similar to those of newborns. With age the glands matured, and seven weeks after treatment (eight weeks of age), there were few structural differences between glands from experimental or control animals. In a separate experiment, 12 newborn rats were treated with reserpine for six days and then allowed to mature to 12 weeks. Three developed an obstructive sialadenitis. Several experiments were run to see if this lesion could be replicated. Only three of 36 more animals developed sialadenitis, so its induction was neither consistent nor reproducible. PMID- 3166612 TI - The appearance of matrix vesicles and mineralization during tooth development in three teleost fishes with well-developed enameloid and orthodentine. AB - Ultra-thin resin sections of tooth bearing parts from three species were examined by electron microscopy. During enameloid matrix formation, matrix vesicles (MV) and fine aggregations of crystal-like structures probably derived from the MV were found in the enameloid matrix. In enameloid, however, no additional mineralization occurred along the collagen fibrils until mineralization had begun initially at the junction between the enameloid and orthodentine areas. Advance of mineralization along collagen fibrils was inhibited in the enameloid area before initial mineralization despite the presence of MV. Many MV were observed at the initial mineralization site; they appeared in the predentine during odontogenesis after the initial mineralization and were still visible during the stage of basal dentine formation. The odontoblasts continued to produce MV from the early stage of enameloid matrix formation until the late stage of basal dentine formation. However, despite their long appearance, MV are probably involved directly with the mineralization only when the initial mineralization starts. PMID- 3166613 TI - Potassium-ion activity in the trigeminal central nervous complex during tooth pulp-evoked slow mass potentials. AB - Following electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp, extracellular K+ activity was enhanced by up to 0.1 mM only in the trigeminal motor nucleus which gave a positive slow mass potential (SMP) of low amplitude. No nuclear region giving a positive or negative SMP of high amplitude showed any detectable change. There are possible generation mechanisms of the negative and positive SMP. PMID- 3166614 TI - Transmission electron microscopy of the human odontoblast process in peripheral root dentine. AB - Various methods of fixation were tried on dentine of 45 premolars from children. Two methods based on immediate or delayed use of liquid nitrogen, as well as a cryoprotector (10 per cent dimethylsulphoxid), gave the best results in transmission electron microscopy. Using these methods, the presence of an odontoblast process could be demonstrated in the inner, middle and peripheral human root dentine. The presence of unmyelinated nerve fibril in outer root dentine supports the hypothesis of direct neural stimulation in peripheral dentine. PMID- 3166615 TI - Biochemical and autoradiographical evidence that anterior mandibular displacement in the young growing rat does not stimulate cell proliferation or matrix formation at the mandibular condyle. AB - A removable bite plate was used to induce forward mandibular displacement in four week-old rats for 10 h/day for 1, 3, 7, 11 and 14 days. The animals were killed and the condylar explants pulsed in vitro for 6 h with either [3H]-thymidine or [3H]-proline or 35SO(2-)4. The specific activity of radio-isotope incorporation was expressed as dis/min per microgram DNA, dis/min per mg protein and dis/min per microgram sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAG). [3H]-thymidine autoradiography was also used in a 14-day experiment to establish a radioactive index (labelled cells per 1000 cells counted) for the anterior, middle and posterior regions of the condyle. There was no significant alteration in either cell proliferation (dis/min per microgram DNA and radioactive index) or matrix formation (dis/min per mg protein and dis/min per microgram GAG) at any point in the time scale. PMID- 3166616 TI - What my O.P.G. tells me: some radiographical and radiological aspects of panoramic tomography. PMID- 3166617 TI - Partial-mouth periodontal examination in post-orthodontic subjects. PMID- 3166618 TI - The Garn pattern profile analysis on personal computers. PMID- 3166619 TI - Diagnostic imaging of the face using projected grids. PMID- 3166620 TI - A comparison of archwires used for initial alignment in Begg treatment. PMID- 3166622 TI - Observability theory. Part II. PMID- 3166621 TI - Primary dentition occlusion in Chinese, Indian and Malay groups in Malaysia. PMID- 3166623 TI - An expert system database for research design. Part I--Specifications. PMID- 3166624 TI - Analysis of the role of alcohol in mortality, particularly sudden unwitnessed death, in middle-aged men in Malmo, Sweden. AB - An analysis of the role of alcohol in death was made in an unselected population of middle-aged males in Malmo, Sweden. 347 deaths were investigated in the years 1975-1981 among males who had been invited to a preventive screening program. An alcoholic background was prominent in the males whose deaths were sudden and unwitnessed. In general, definite pathology was not demonstrable post mortem for such deaths. Their possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 3166625 TI - Hepatic lysosomal cathepsin activities after acute ethanol administration. AB - In order to determine whether acute ethanol administration produces alterations in hepatic lysosomal protease activities, male Sprague-Dawley rats were given either ethanol or isocaloric glucose by gastric intubation and the free and total activities of cathepsins B, D, H and L were measured. Twelve hours after administration, the free (nonlatent) activities of cathepsins D and H were higher in ethanol-fed rats than in glucose-fed controls, indicating a slightly higher lysosomal fragility which probably resulted from a nutritional deficiency which was evident in ethanol-fed animals. Measurement of the total (latent plus nonlatent) activities of these cathepsins in detergent-treated homogenates revealed that only cathepsin H activity in ethanol-fed rats was higher than in controls. The results indicate that acute ethanol consumption causes little or no change in the total activities of the cathepsins examined. Thus previously reported alterations in hepatic protein catabolism following ethanol administration are not related to changes in the activities of these lysosomal proteases. PMID- 3166626 TI - Nutritional status in alcoholics with and without chronic skeletal muscle myopathy. AB - There was a significant reduction in body mass index (15%) and creatinine-height index (22%) in the chronic alcoholics with atrophic quadriceps biopsies indicating significant loss of skeletal muscle protein. Various parameters of nutrition were assessed in chronic alcoholics with and without the commonly associated selective atrophy of type II skeletal muscle fibres, to determine if malnutrition is related to the muscle injury. Serum alkaline ribonuclease activity, a marker of protein nutritional status, was significantly higher in chronic alcoholics compared to controls, suggesting some degree of overall protein malnutrition. However there was no significant difference in this enzyme activity between alcoholics with and without atrophic muscle biopsies. Deficiencies of one or more of thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, Vitamin B12 and folate were found in half of the chronic alcoholics. There was no preponderance of such vitamin deficiencies among those patients with atrophic muscle biopsies. It is concluded that the quadriceps type II fibre atrophy is accompanied by a generalised decrease in skeletal muscle mass and that it is not primarily related to the patient's nutritional status. PMID- 3166627 TI - Alcohol intake correlated with serum trace elements. AB - Alcohol intake and serum copper, selenium, magnesium, iron and zinc were investigated in 85 subjects, 48 males and 37 females. Alcohol intake was measured with a questionnaire probing alcohol intake during the preceding 30 days. Mean average daily intake among males was 119.7 g (range 0-622.3 g) and among females 32.1 g (range 0-378.5 g), and the mean consumption per drinking day among males was 208.5 g (range 0-666.7 g) and among females 63.8 g (range 0-63.8 g). Among males alcohol intake per drinking day correlated positively with serum copper (r = 0.50; P less than 0.001) and negatively with serum selenium (r = -0.49; P less than 0.001) and magnesium (r = 0.40; P less than 0.01). Likewise, among females alcohol intake per drinking day correlated positively with serum copper (r = 0.54; P less than 0.01) and negatively with serum magnesium (r = -0.36; P less than 0.05). Serum selenium concentration was negatively and significantly correlated with average daily intake (r = -0.34; P less than 0.05) but not with intake per drinking day. No significant correlations were found between alcohol intake and serum zinc or iron levels. Only two men, both abstainers, had abnormally low serum zinc level, and two other men (average daily alcohol intake less than 37 g) and two women (average daily alcohol intake less than 15 g) had abnormally high serum iron level. Alcohol intake was associated with high serum copper and low serum magnesium and selenium levels. PMID- 3166628 TI - The liver peptides after chronic administration of ethanol in rats. AB - The liver peptide fractions labelled with 3H-arginine after chronic administration of ethanol to rats have been analysed by gel filtration chromatography and tlc. Specific 3H-arginine radioactivity in the liver peptide fraction calculated per micrograms of alpha-amino nitrogen was significantly decreased by alcohol. The amount of peptide spots obtained by tlc in the ethanol treated group was reduced in comparison with the control group. The findings suggest a change in the protein metabolism in hepatic dysfunction in rats receiving ethanol over a prolonged period. PMID- 3166629 TI - Influence of several factors on blood alcohol concentrations after drinking alcohol. AB - The influence of several factors on the blood alcohol course after drinking diluted ethanol was studied in young, healthy volunteers under strictly standardized conditions. These factors were sex, dose and concentration of the alcohol, physical exercise immediately after drinking, meal consumption before drinking and energy content and composition of the meal. In 18 blood samples, taken within 6 hr after alcohol ingestion, blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was determined enzymatically. Concomitantly breath analyses were performed. In general, both methods gave similar results. Peak concentration and area under the blood alcohol curve increased with increasing dose. With the same amount of ethanol, peak concentration and area under the curve tended to be greater in women than in men. Consumption of a meal had an attenuating effect. The area under the curve was smaller after a high-energy meal than after a low-energy meal. Peak concentration depended on meal composition, increasing in the order high protein less than high sucrose = high complex carbohydrate less than high fat. A similar trend was observed for the area under the blood alcohol curve. PMID- 3166630 TI - The prediction of habitual alcohol use from alcohol related expectancies and personality. AB - Two studies testing social learning theory predictions of habitual alcohol use in college students are reported. Study 1 (N = 96) investigated alcohol related expectancies and social desirability as predictors of habitual alcohol use. Higher habitual alcohol use was correlated with higher expected dominance, but this correlation was not modified by social desirability or subject sex. Study 2 (N = 88) tested effects of personality traits on habitual alcohol use. Habitual alcohol use was positively correlated with EPI extraversion. Examination of extraversion sub-factors suggests that impulsivity and sociability independently predict drinking. The data indicate the strengths and limitations of alcohol related expectancy as an explanatory construct. PMID- 3166631 TI - A community survey of alcohol consumption. AB - A survey by 150 trained medical students was carried out in 1986 on a random sample of adults from the electoral register of Cardiff. The survey explored attitudes, knowledge and behaviour over a wide range of health related topics. 4266 self-completed questionnaires were returned for analysis and this paper reports the answers to the question 'how much did you drink last week'. The total units of alcohol were calculated and the drinking characteristics of the respondents are presented by age, sex, marital status, social class, accommodation and occupation. The contribution that such community surveys play in the development of local alcohol policy is discussed. PMID- 3166633 TI - The American revolution in health care. PMID- 3166632 TI - Acute effects of alcohol on power distribution between man and woman. AB - An experiment was performed testing the hypothesis that the distribution of outcome power and process power among a male and female will change in favor of the male as a function of female alcohol intoxication. Dyads were randomly assigned to either an alcohol, a placebo or a control group and took part in a decision game. The respective influence on the actual decision outcome and on the decision process was estimated. Alcohol did not affect the distribution of outcome power and the process was only affected by a quantitative increase in number of utterances and discussion time. The results were discussed in relation to theoretical models and sex-role typing. PMID- 3166634 TI - Data sources: selecting worksite health and safety programs. PMID- 3166635 TI - Guide for assessing wellness programs. PMID- 3166636 TI - Occupational health nurse practitioners: employment activities one year after graduation. PMID- 3166637 TI - Evaluation of selected new drugs. PMID- 3166638 TI - Research and practice: collaborating for improved nursing care. PMID- 3166639 TI - Effects of maternal diabetes on embryogenesis. AB - Through the use of the in vitro technique of mammalian whole embryo culture, the factors and mechanisms responsible for the increased incidence of congenital malformations among infants of diabetic mothers have been investigated. During early stages of embryogenesis, serum from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, hyperketonemia (beta-hydroxybutyrate), and low molecular weight somatomedin inhibitors are teratogenic or growth inhibitory, or both. Furthermore, combinations of these factors interact to increase the risk of a malformation occurring. In contrast, other factors, such as hyperinsulinemia and excess leucine, palmitic acid, and acetoacetate, have little or no teratogenic potential. Mechanisms of action of the factors are varied and may include alterations of arachidonic acid metabolism (hyperglycemia), glycolysis (hypoglycemia), DNA synthesis (beta-hydroxybutyrate), and embryonic nutrition (somatomedin inhibitors). The results demonstrate that the origin of the diabetic embryopathy is multifactorial, that many of the congenital defects are induced early in gestation before the diabetic woman may realize she is pregnant, and that insulin therapy reduces the risk. PMID- 3166642 TI - AIDS and Asia. PMID- 3166640 TI - Serum unconjugated estriols in insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies: normative data and clinical relevance. AB - The purpose of this study was to establish normative reference values for serum unconjugated estriol (E3) concentrations in insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancy. There were 1973 samples analyzed in 63 diabetic pregnancies not complicated by fetal distress and/or neonatal asphyxia. These samples were compared with 867 samples collected in 25 pregnancies complicated by fetal distress and/or neonatal asphyxia and 103 samples collected in seven nondiabetic, uncomplicated pregnancies. E3 values were found to be significantly higher in diabetic compared with nondiabetic healthy gravid women, correlating with infant birthweight. The percent change of daily E3 values from the highest previous 3 days mean (maximum mean) was 1 +/- 27% (mean +/- SD). The 95% confidence limit for this percent change indicates that a decrease of 52% or more is theoretically seen in 2.5% of the observations. Using the traditional decrease of 40% currently used in the literature, there were false-negative and false-positive predictions of fetal distress and/or neonatal asphyxia at rates unacceptable for patient management. The use of E3 determinations in combination with nonstress test-contraction stress test did not improve the predictability of this latter test. Serum E3 determinations are of little clinical value in the management of insulin dependent diabetic pregnant women. PMID- 3166641 TI - Decreased bone mineral content in infants of diabetic mothers. AB - The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) have decreased bone mineral content at birth, and whether or not decreased infant bone mineral content in IDMs correlates with poor control of diabetes during pregnancy, maternal bone mineral content, and the development of neonatal hypocalcemia. Forty-five pregnant diabetic women and their infants were enrolled in a prospective trial. In addition, 55 normal newborn infants of nondiabetic mothers were used as controls. Bone mineral content was measured before delivery in all diabetic pregnant patients and at birth in all infants by photon absorptiometry. Bone mineral content was significantly decreased in infants of diabetic mothers compared with control infants and correlated inversely with mean first trimester maternal capillary blood glucose; it did not correlate with cord serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations. By stepwise multiple regression analysis, in infants of diabetic mothers, bone mineral content correlated inversely with mean first trimester capillary blood glucose and maternal bone mineral content, but did not correlate with maternal blood glycosylated hemoglobin, infant gestational age, infant birthweight or weight percentile, or development of neonatal hypocalcemia. PMID- 3166643 TI - Efficacy of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine in long term prevention of HBV infection. AB - Efficacy of HBV vaccine in long term prevention of HBV infection was evaluated at 3 years after vaccination in 38 children and 61 adults. All vaccinees were negative for all HBV markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc) before vaccination. Vaccines (Hevac B) were given for 3 doses, one month apart, to 38 children aged 1 month - 14 years and 61 adults aged 15-45 years. After 3 years of vaccination, blood specimens were collected for the determination of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti HBc. The results revealed that no HBsAg antigenemia was found in all 99 vaccinees. Anti-HBs could not be detected in 4 children and 11 adults and this occurred only in the group of subjects who had initial anti-HBs less than 100 mlU/ml at 2 months after the last dose of vaccination. At three years after the first course of vaccination, 89.4 percent of children and 83.4 percent of adults still have anti-HBs above protective level (more than 10 mlU/ml) with geometric mean titers of 101 and 35 mlU/ml in children and in adult groups, respectively. The anti-HBc was detected in 2 out of 38 children and 10 out of 61 adults, but none of them became chronic hepatitis B carriers or developed clinical disease. It is recommended that everyone with anti-HBs values below 100 mlU/ml two months after the last dose of vaccine should be revaccinated with a booster dose within 6 months. Those with anti-HBs levels higher than 100 mlU/ml, should be checked up at 3 years; if the anti-HBs is less than 10 mlU/ml, they should be revaccinated. PMID- 3166644 TI - Effects of gastric cancer cells on lymphocyte proliferation. AB - Lack of lymphocyte infiltration into gastric cancer tissue appears to be an ominous prognostic indicator. The effects of gastric cancer cells on PHA-induced lymphocyte proliferation were studied. Peripheral lymphocytes were co-cultured for 72 hours with either gastric cancer cells or normal mucosal cells. Pairs of cancerous and normal mucosal cells from stomachs of eight patients, were separately co-cultured with peripheral lymphocytes either from patients or from normal volunteers. The degree of PHA-induced lymphocyte proliferation was measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation. The lymphocyte proliferation was inhibited by the presence of either gastric cancerous or normal mucosal cells in a dose-related manner. The lymphocytes from the normals proliferated twice as much as did the lymphocytes from the patients. The isotope incorporation occurred in lymphocytes rather than in gastric cells since the later incorporated insignificant amounts of isotope. There was no difference between gastric cancerous or normal mucosal cells inhibiting the proliferation of either normal or patients' lymphocytes (p greater than 0.05). In conclusion, gastric cancerous cells (up to 10(6)/ml) have no enhanced inhibition on lymphocyte proliferation when compared with normal gastric mucosal cells. PMID- 3166645 TI - Alterations of humoral immunity in patients with gastric cancer. AB - For better understanding of the alterations of humoral immunity in gastric cancer patients, IgG, IgA, IgM, complement C3, C4, CH50, natural antibody (isohemagglutinin-IgM class), ESR, CRP, albumin and globulin were quantitated in sera taken preoperatively from 81 patients with gastric cancer and from 29 control patients with hernia. The results from patients with gastric cancer were grouped according to pTNM staging (including stage I + II, III, and IV). Serum globulin and IgG levels in all stages of cancer patients were significantly lower than that of the controls (p less than 0.05). The CRP and ESR levels in stage III and IV cancer patients were significantly higher (p less than 0.05). There was no difference between cancer and hernia patient groups in IgA, IgM, isohemagglutinin IgM class, C3, C4, CH50, albumin, WBC and total lymphocyte counts. In conclusion, the significant changes in humoral immunity in patients with gastric cancer include: (1) decrease in serum IgG and globulin levels, and (2) increased levels of acute phase reactants (ESR, CRP). These results imply that patients with gastric cancer have lower acquired humoral immunity and have acute phase reactions. PMID- 3166646 TI - Syphilis in Greenland 1970-1987. The number of cases and their distribution. PMID- 3166647 TI - Health status of active winter swimmers. PMID- 3166648 TI - Regulation of the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin from the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.). PMID- 3166649 TI - Occult haemolacria in Eskimos. PMID- 3166651 TI - Pattern of emergency cases related to accidents, violence and violent deaths during 1985 in Sukkertoppen/Maniitsoq, Greenland. PMID- 3166650 TI - Causes of death in Greenland 1968-85. PMID- 3166652 TI - Treatment of longitudinal injuries in avascular area of meniscus in dogs by trephination. AB - A study promoting the healing of longitudinal injuries in an avascular area of the meniscus in 21 male dogs is reported. One horizontal hole from the peripheral vasculature to one of the artificial longitudinal injuries to both medial menisci of the knee in each dog was made with a needlelike trephine. The knee joints were not immobilized and the samples were taken 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks, respectively, after the operation. [3H]Thymidine was injected into the joint cavity 72 h before the sample was taken. Healed lengths were measured, and pathologic examinations and autoradiography were performed. The results showed that all of the injuries treated with trephination were partly or totally healed whereas those in controls were not healed at all, suggesting that trephination may be the procedure of choice for clinic orthopedists dealing with such injuries. By the 8th week, the healed length stopped increasing, the scar tissue began to mature, and the DNA synthesis of the fibroblasts in the granulation tissue and the fibrochondrocytes in the trephined meniscus reduced. It is thought that the fibrochondrocyte of the meniscus and the fibroblast in the granulation might be capable of obtaining the thymidine directly from the synovia of knee joint for their DNA metabolism. Multiplication of the fibrochondrocyte in the injured meniscus was also found. PMID- 3166653 TI - New concepts (distraction) in ankle arthroscopy. AB - Because of the problems inherent in arthroscopic visualization of the ankle, a new distraction technique has been devised to help overcome them. This technique has been used on 131 cases with few and relatively minor complications. It has greatly facilitated visualization of the ankle, and it is now possible to perform certain surgical procedures effectively and safely. PMID- 3166654 TI - Arthroscopic meniscal repair with two-year follow-up: a clinical review. AB - The potential for healing of meniscal tissue has been historically underappreciated, but is currently more widely acknowledged. We have reviewed our experience with arthroscopic meniscal repair in 29 patients who had had a minimum of 2 years' follow-up. Between September 1983 and November 1986, 31 patients who had undergone arthroscopic meniscal repair with a minimum of 2-years' follow-up were identified. Of the 31 patients, 29 were available for additional follow-up. The patient population averaged 31 years of age, with 15 men and 14 women. Utilizing a closed arthroscopic cannulated technique, 16 lateral and 15 medial menisci were repaired. The majority of lesions were vertical bucket-handle tears involving the posterior horn and averaged 2.5 cm in length. Of the 31 tears, 29 were in the red-red or red-white zones. Clinical healing was present in 27 (87%) of the 31 repaired menisci. Nine patients underwent relook arthroscopy at which time healing was confirmed in eight, and a retear noted in one. Four reruptures occurred and the menisci required removal. Of the 29 patients, 16 had concomitant anterior cruciate ligament injuries ranging from partial tears to complete disruptions. Seven patients underwent immediate or delayed anterior cruciate ligament stabilization. Healing occurred in six of the seven patients whose anterior cruciate ligaments had been reconstructed. Among those patients with reruptures, chronic anterolateral rotatory instability was identified as a significant risk factor for rerupture. A complication rate of 13% was noted. Three patients underwent manipulation under anesthesia for postoperative ankylosis and one patient experienced a transient saphenous nerve neuropraxia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3166656 TI - The changes in human synovial fluid osmolality associated with traumatic or mechanical abnormalities of the knee. AB - Synovial fluid osmolality was determined in 22 knees at the time of arthroscopic evaluation. The arthroscopy was for traumatic or mechanical abnormality of the knee. The results indicate no significant difference in osmolality among the conditions studied, but there was a significant decrease in synovial fluid osmolality compared to the values for the normal knee. The information presented provides baseline data for various pathologic conditions and a basis for future work. PMID- 3166655 TI - Cytological assessment of knee effusions. AB - Effusion fluid from 80 knee joints was obtained from patients prior to arthroscopy and arthroscopic surgery and submitted to independent physicochemical analysis and cytological examination. The majority of the effusions were secondary to osteoarthrosis and traumatic mechanical derangement. These two conditions gave nonspecific findings on physicochemical analysis and cytology, and the cytologist diagnosed on 13% of these correctly. Cytological examination of fluid from rheumatoid knees revealed ragocytes in just over half the cases, and on this basis, the cytologist was able to correctly diagnose rheumatoid arthritis. Contrary to other reports, we conclude that physicochemical analysis and cytological examination of joint fluid is of little value in the assessment of knees presenting to the orthopaedic surgeon. PMID- 3166657 TI - Arthroscopic irrigation and debridement of infected total knee arthroplasty: report of two cases. AB - Various methods have been described for the treatment of the acutely infected total knee arthroplasty. These include antibiotic suppression, open debridement and irrigation, exchange arthroplasty, resection arthroplasty, arthrodesis, and amputation. A method not frequently reported is arthroscopic irrigation and debridement. Two cases of acutely infected total knee arthroplasty treated with arthroscopic irrigation and debridement are presented. In both cases there was a benign postoperative course averaging five months. Both infections were secondary to hematogenous seeding from a distant focus of infection. The patients presented within approximately 12 h after the onset of knee symptoms and were taken for arthroscopic irrigation and debridement within 12 h after presentation. Gram positive organisms sensitive to the antibiotics being used were cultured in both. Postoperative knee function and range of motion returned rapidly and disability was minimal. At average 30-month follow-up both patients were pain free, had full activity of daily living, and had no clinical or radiographic evidence of infection. Arthroscopic irrigation and debridement appears to be an effective method of treatment in select cases of infected total knee arthroplasty. PMID- 3166658 TI - Synovisol as an irrigant for electrosurgery of joints. AB - The appropriate irrigation fluid for use during arthroscopic procedures should be selected on the basis of fluid-tissue and fluid-instrumentation compatibility. This study describes a new irrigation fluid, Synovisol, that is isomolar, nonhemolytic, nonantigenic, has a low viscosity, and is nonconductive. The rabbit knee was used as a model to demonstrate the immediate and long-term (3 weeks) effects of irrigation with Synovisol compared with water, normal saline, mannitol, sorbitol, glycine, and with nonirrigated controls. Results were assessed by light- and electron-microscopic evaluation of synovium and cartilage dissected from rabbit knees. While the greatest amount of damage was seen in water-treated samples, significant effects were noted with other irrigants compared with Synovisol and controls. Long-term animals showed recovery of tissues in all cases. Systemic effects evaluated by measuring plasma glycerol levels showed a transient increase that peaked at 20 min. No hemolysis was detected and kidney morphology was normal. The physiological, electrocompatible, simplicity of formula, low cost, and long-shelf-life properties of this solution makes it a fluid uniquely suited to arthroscopy. PMID- 3166659 TI - Arthroscopic evaluation and treatment of the symptomatic previously operated knee. AB - One hundred seventy-six knees in 172 consecutive patients with persistent or recurrent symptoms following a previous operative procedure were reevaluated and treated arthroscopically. Most knees had multiple findings, which are described. On the basis of these findings, four categories were defined: (a) the degenerative group; (b) the new meniscal tear group; (c) the fibroarthrosis group; (d) the minor problems group. Preoperative radiographic and clinical findings were correlated with the arthroscopically defined category. Follow-up evaluation by either comprehensive examination or detailed questionnaire was possible in 110 patients, with a mean follow-up interval of 31.4 months. A subjective rating scale relating to symptom level, functional level, and perceived surgical benefit was used. Overall, 68% of the patients were rated as satisfactory. By category, the frequencies of satisfactory results were: the degenerative group, 81%; the new meniscal tear group, 100%; the fibroarthrosis group, 75%; and the minor problems group, 47%. Workers' compensation claims correlated with a lower percentage of satisfactory results. Preoperative characteristics of those in the minor problems group were described. The poor results in this group suggest that common findings such as mild surface damage, minor adhesions, and minor meniscal lesions are often not symptomatic. Conservative management rather than arthroscopy may be more appropriate for patients in this group whereas arthroscopy is more reliable in treating symptomatic knees in the other three groups. PMID- 3166661 TI - Long-term results after conventional total meniscectomy: a point of reference. AB - We have reviewed 167 conventional total meniscectomies with the aim of analyzing the long-term results. One hundred and twenty-five patients came to the hospital for personal view, and the Lysholm test was applied in each case. There was a 14.4% diagnostic error that caused us to remove the meniscus without demonstrable pathology. A systematic introduction of diagnostic arthroscopy has clearly modified this situation. A decision to remove a meniscus should not be based solely on clinical findings; arthroscopic confirmation is necessary. The overall acceptable results (64.5%) revealed that conventional total meniscectomy is not an operation that belongs in the past. We believe it is an alternative to be considered every time diagnostic arthroscopy shows that it is impossible to leave a stable and uniform meniscal rim. PMID- 3166660 TI - Arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using allograft tendon. AB - Treatment of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knee using an arthroscopic technique and freeze-dried allograft tendons in 23 patients was studied prospectively. Accurate placement of drill holes and anchoring positions for the allografts was effected through a standard arthroscopic approach combined with a 3 cm incision on the medial tibial flare. Candidates for reconstruction were those who were unable to tolerate brace therapy and who had no degenerative arthritis. The 23 patients were drawn from a group of 60 treated patients because their follow-up had been greater than or equal to 1 year. Their knees were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively with a Lysholm knee rating scale, Lachman test with KT-1000 arthrometric quantitation, pivot shift, Biodex test, and radiographs. Knee rating values improved in all knees, and only one patient had a significant deterioration in the KT-1000 reading. All patients with at least 20 months follow-up have resumed their preinjury activity levels. PMID- 3166663 TI - Complications in arthroscopic surgery performed by experienced arthroscopists. AB - Twenty-one experienced arthroscopists participated in a prospective, 19-month study to analyze complications in arthroscopic surgery of the knee and other joints. Participants responded to a monthly questionnaire that provided information on a case-by-case basis for the duration of the study. A total of 63 specific procedures were studied. A total of 10,262 procedures were recorded. Procedures performed on the knee joint were most prevalent in the study (8,741 or 86%). Complications were placed in one of 11 descriptive categories for analysis; 173 complications occurred and the overall complication rate was 1.68%. The types of complications recorded in order of frequency were hemarthrosis, 60.1%; infection, 12.1%; thromboembolic disease, 6.9%; anesthetic complications, 6.4%; instrument failure, 2.9%; reflex sympathetic dystrophy, 2.3%; ligament injury, 1.2%; and fracture and neurologic injuries, 0.6% each. The remainder were miscellaneous complications, 6.9%. No vascular injuries were reported. The two most frequent procedures reported were medial meniscectomy (2,468) with a complication rate of 1.78%, and lateral meniscectomy (1,149) with a complication rate of 1.48%. Overall, there was a lower incidence of complications in meniscal repair (1.29%), including both inside-out and outside-in techniques, than in meniscectomy (1.69%). In-depth information was gathered on each complication. In addition, profiles on surgical techniques and surgical equipment were obtained from each of the contributing surgeons. The complication rate in arthroscopic surgery was found to be higher than had been previously found in retrospective surveys. With further analysis oft he complication data and profiles of the surgeons, protective techniques can be further identified to help reduce the incidence of complications in arthroscopic surgery. PMID- 3166662 TI - Discoid lateral menisci: a report of 29 cases. AB - Of 7,056 knee arthroscopies performed during the period September 1979-November 1986, 30 patients had discoid menisci, one medially and 29 laterally. The frequency of discoid lateral menisci appears to be lower in Sweden than in North America, Scotland, and Japan. Our policy, to do a meniscectomy only when the discoid meniscus is thought to play a role in the symptoms, but leave it intact when an incidental finding, seems to give good results. Nine of the 29 patients studied had trauma as an initiating factor, but of those 10 patients whose discoid lateral menisci were thought to cause the symptoms, only one had trauma as an initiating factor. Theories of the cause of discoid menisci are discussed, as well as recommended treatment. PMID- 3166664 TI - Dermatology diagnosis. Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica. PMID- 3166665 TI - Sub aortic stenosis caused by an accessory mitral valve. PMID- 3166666 TI - [Meningomyelocele in Puerto Rico]. PMID- 3166667 TI - Radionuclide diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. PMID- 3166668 TI - [The interdisciplinary management of child abuse with respect to the law and the current treatment]. PMID- 3166669 TI - Recommendations for treatment of high blood cholesterol. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel. PMID- 3166670 TI - Flow cytometric DNA analysis in the diagnosis of lung tumors. A comparison with conventional methods. AB - The efficiency of flow cytometric (FCM) DNA analysis in the diagnosis of lung carcinoma was compared with that of conventional cytologic techniques on bronchial brushing and fine needle aspiration samples from 461 patients. The main advantage of FCM was the rapid delivery of results. Unfortunately, this was offset by a poor sensitivity in the detection of bronchial tumors. Nevertheless, DNA analysis may still prove useful in determining the prognosis and in evaluating the effects of chemotherapy on known tumor stem lines. PMID- 3166671 TI - Flow cytometric DNA analysis combined with fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of palpable metastases. AB - To determine the diagnostic value of flow cytometric (FCM) DNA analysis in combination with fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, the nuclear DNA content was analyzed in FNA specimens from 155 superficial metastases and 60 benign lymph nodes. The results of FCM DNA analysis were considered to be positive for malignancy if DNA aneuploidy was found or if more than 12% S+G2M cells were present in the aspirate in diploid cases. The diagnostic accuracy of FCM DNA analysis alone in detecting malignancy was 92%, with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 95%. FCM suggested the correct diagnosis in 5 of the 7 cytologically false-negative cases and in 9 of the 12 cytologically indeterminate or suspicious cases. PMID- 3166672 TI - New method for the analysis of flow cytometric data. AB - A numerical method for deriving the fractions of cells in different phases of the cell cycle from a single observed DNA histogram is presented. The observed histogram is regarded as a polluted version (containing allocation errors) of the true histogram. A mathematical model is used to describe the pollution process. A theoretical histogram, representing the true histogram, is constructed so that G1 cells are put into one channel and G2M cells into another; the distribution of S cells in between is approximated with a set of harmonic functions. This theoretical histogram is subsequently disturbed with Gaussian dispersion functions to stimulate the pollution, yielding a predicted histogram. Using a maximum likelihood estimation technique, the model parameters are adjusted iteratively, matching the predicted histogram to the actually observed one. With the final parameter values substituted, the corresponding final theoretical histogram is regarded as a reliable reconstruction of the true histogram. From the latter, the required percentages can be read directly. The advantage of this approach over other mathematical analysis methods is that it allows a wide range of different, continuous distributions for relatively few model parameters (thus featuring flexibility and realism and a diminished risk of encountering computational problems). In addition, estimation errors providing a measure of accuracy can be obtained. To test the method, it was used to analyze various observed histograms from the literature that have been obtained by either simulation or actual flow cytometric measurements. The method appeared to perform well, as compared to the reported results of several other methods of analysis applied to the same data. PMID- 3166673 TI - Sampling density and quantitative microscopy. AB - The sampling densities required for the quantitative analysis of digitized microscope images is discussed. It is shown that the Nyquist sampling theorem is not the proper reference point for determining the sampling density when the goal is measurement, although it may be a proper reference point when the goal is image filtering and reconstruction. The problems associated with signal truncation--the use of a finite amount of data--and the finite amount of time available for computation make it impossible to reconstruct an arbitrary image, even if it is bandlimited. Two examples taken from straightforward measurement problems exhibit the fundamental problems associated with the measurement of analog quantities from digital data and the role played by the sampling density. PMID- 3166674 TI - Machine learning in quantitative histopathology. AB - The role of expert systems functioning as process controllers in learning image understanding systems is discussed. Numeric learning systems already have found a number of applications in cytologic and histopathologic diagnosis. Depending on the required capabilities, systems of increasing complexity are needed. Expert systems to guide scene segmentation in histopathologic imagery require model based reasoning. Diagnostic image interpretation with learning capability demands a full model of the human expert's competence, including a considerable variety of knowledge representation schemes and inference strategies, coordinated by a meta-process controller. PMID- 3166675 TI - [A measuring model in the evaluation of EEG trend analysis in coma conditions and in determining sleep stages]. PMID- 3166676 TI - [The ENS 01--a personally developed electric nerve stimulator for improving brachial plexus anesthesia]. PMID- 3166677 TI - Implosion of a suction apparatus. PMID- 3166678 TI - [Comparative study of 3 positive controls for routine prick tests in children: 48/80, 1 mg histamine and 5 mg histamine]. AB - We compared, among 153 children 2 to 14 years old, responses to some positive control solutions for prick tests made with a Stallerpoint. We obtained the following values: -6% - 48/80:4.46 +/- 1.88 mm -1 mg/ml Histamine:3.49 +/- 1.67 mm -5 mg/ml Histamine:5.13 +/- 1.78 mm. 1 mg/ml histamine gives too many null responses (12/153) to represent a valuable positive control. 5 mg/ml histamine, on the other hand, gives some very strong reactions which may induce an underestimation of responses to allergen tests. Compound 48/80 seems to remain the best positive control for prick test exploration of immediate allergy in children. An alternative might be an intermediate solution of histamine 2.5 mg/ml. PMID- 3166679 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux in asthmatic and chronic bronchitis patients]. AB - To determine the relationship between gastroesophageal (GE) reflux and pulmonary disease, we studied 21 asthmatics, 30 chronic bronchitics, 6 patients with GE reflux and no pulmonary symptoms, and 10 control subjects; GE reflux was diagnosed by pH monitoring and GE scintiscanning. Frequency of GE reflux in the asthmatics was 57%; in chronic bronchitis it was 56%. Pulmonary function tests did not show any differences between patients with or without reflux. The GE reflux episodes were more numerous but shorter in asthmatics than in chronic bronchitis. Patients with digestive symptoms alone were no different from chronic bronchitis with respect to reflux. The mechanism whereby reflux triggers pulmonary problems was investigated using the following 2 tests: scintiscan for pulmonary aspiration, and esophageal acid infusion (0.1N HCI). Six pulmonary aspirations were detected. Only asthmatics, with or without reflux, showed any significant variations in maximal expiratory flow at 50% and 25% of VC after HCI infusion. Thus, our results show that asthmatics differ from bronchitis patients by the characteristics of their reflux. PMID- 3166680 TI - [Comparative study of ELISA and RIA technics for the detection of specific IgG4]. AB - The assay of IgG4 was done by an ELISA method that has been perfected in our laboratory over two years, or by the RIA (Pharmacia technique). Assay of IgG4 is an objective element in the control of specific immunotherapy (IT) to hymenoptera venoms and grass pollens. There is an excellent correlation between the two techniques of ELISA and RIA, that shows an increase in IgG4 titre after around 3 to 4 years of IT. PMID- 3166681 TI - [Methodology for the measurement of arterial pressure in pediatrics]. PMID- 3166682 TI - [Free motricity: a prognostic manoeuver in children with cerebral motor disease]. PMID- 3166683 TI - [Hematologic indicators of neonatal septicemia]. PMID- 3166684 TI - [Treatment of post-craniotomy diabetes insipidus with 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin]. PMID- 3166685 TI - [Semi-quantitative measurement of the esophageal pH in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux in children]. PMID- 3166686 TI - [Lipoblastoma. A benign tumor in children]. PMID- 3166687 TI - [Nosocomial infections in newborn infants]. PMID- 3166688 TI - [Nosocomial infections in a pediatric unit]. PMID- 3166689 TI - [Oral hydration in children with prolonged diarrhea. Study of 107 cases]. PMID- 3166690 TI - [Normal hematocrit values in the first 12 hours of life in a general hospital in Mexico City]. PMID- 3166691 TI - [Use of a saline solution, with oligosaccharides and glycine, for oral rehydration]. PMID- 3166692 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux associated with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3166693 TI - [Treatment of micropenis with testosterone cyclopentylate]. PMID- 3166694 TI - [Medical-surgical management of an atypical case of mixed intestinal atresia]. PMID- 3166695 TI - [Vascular and cartilaginous hamartoma of the thoracic wall]. PMID- 3166696 TI - [Neonatal hypocalcemia]. PMID- 3166697 TI - [Water-electrolyte and acid-base changes. II. Hypokalemia]. PMID- 3166698 TI - Interhemispheric cooperation and activation in integration of verbal information. AB - Subjects had to judge the semantic relation between two tachistoscopically presented German adjectives. In Exp. I, the two words were projected simultaneously, either both to the left visual field (i.e. to the right hemisphere, LVF-RH), or both to the right visual field (i.e. to the left hemisphere, RVF-LH), or one word to each visual field (i.e. to both hemispheres, EVF-BH). The results yielded a significantly higher performance in the condition EVF-BH than in the two unilateral conditions, without a significant difference between the latter two conditions. In Exp. II, the two words were shown successively. With bilateral presentation, a distinction was made as to whether the left visual field (EVF-BH-L) or the right visual field (EVF-BH-R) was stimulated first. The significantly highest performance was shown in conditions RVF-LH and EVF-BH-R compared with the condition EVF-BH-L, and the significantly poorest performance in the condition LVF-RH compared with the condition EVF-BH-L. The results provide evidence for (1) an intrahemispheric interference with simultaneous unilateral presentation, (2) a cooperative interhemispheric interaction with simultaneous bilateral presentation, and (3) an interhemispheric priming effect with successive bilateral presentation when the left hemisphere was stimulated first. PMID- 3166699 TI - Cerebral asymmetries and interhemispheric processes. AB - Those who attempt to characterize the functions of the cerebral hemispheres tend, broadly speaking, to do so either in terms of structural specializations or of different information-processing modes. Often little attention is paid to the possible importance, in determining the outcome of experiments in this field, of interhemispheric processes. An experiment is described which concurrently studies hemispheric response differences and interhemispheric processes. Sets of dot patterns are learned, each made up of an original and three distortions of the original. The degree of distortion is systematically changed and is quantified in terms of information theory. Subjects then examine pairs of patterns and decide whether they belong to the 'same' family, i.e. an original and one of its distortions, or 'different', i.e. a pattern previously learned and a completely new one. Manual response times are recorded for 'same' and 'different' responses and functions plotted of response latencies against degree of pattern distortion. The pairs of patterns are presented under three different conditions. Either both patterns in one visual field (unilateral condition), one pattern in each visual field (bilateral condition) or the patterns one above the other straddling the vertical meridian (central condition). Response latencies are shortest for the bilateral condition, next shortest for the unilateral condition and slowest for the central condition. Models which may account for these results are examined and one crucially involving changed information transmission rates with increasing distortion of patterns to be compared is found to provide the most parsimonious explanation of the results from all three experimental conditions. PMID- 3166701 TI - The maturational status of thalamocortical and callosal connections of visual areas V1 and V2 in the newborn monkey. AB - Cytochrome oxidase (CytOx) is known to preferentially stain those regions of the visual cortex which receive direct projections from the thalamus. The pattern of CytOx stain has been used to investigate the maturation of thalamic input to areas V1 and V2 in the newborn monkey. In both areas, the intensity of CytOx activity was similar in newborns and adults. The distribution of CytOx in area V2 was not found to vary with age. In area V1, the only difference in CytOx activity in newborns was a relative immaturity of staining in layer 4C. The callosal connections of visual areas V1 and V2 were investigated by the axonal transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase and free horseradish peroxidase. In the adult, V1 was found to be reciprocally callosally connected for a distance of 1-2.5 mm from the V1/V2 border, whilst V2 was connected for a distance of 3-8 mm from the border. In both areas, callosal connections showed a certain degree of clustering, particularly in V2 which contained 97-98% of the total number of callosal connections of these two areas. In the newborn, the number, tangential extent and clustered distribution of callosal connections were as in the adult. In the newborn, as in the adult, callosal connections coincided with regions of high CytOx activity in area V2. The results showing a relative maturity of the tangential distribution of callosal projecting neurons on the one hand, and an immaturity of thalamic projections on the other, are discussed in terms of: (1) the maturational status of the newborn monkey compared to other mammals at the moment of birth and (2) the possible role of visual experience in shaping cortical connections. PMID- 3166700 TI - Functional implications of the anatomical organization of the callosal projections of visual areas V1 and V2 in the macaque monkey. AB - The efferent and afferent connections of the V1/V2 border with the contralateral hemisphere have been examined using anatomical tracers. The V1/V2 border was found to exchange connections with the contralateral V2 area as well as a restricted strip of V1 lying adjacent to the V1/V2 border. Besides these homotopic projections, two heterotopic projections were found to V3/V3A and V5. Anterograde tracing of callosal connections showed that terminals in these heterotopic sites were focused in layer 4, the recipient layer of projections originating from the ipsilateral V1/V2 border. Bilateral injections of fluorescent dyes showed that these heterotopic targets of the V1/V2 border are connected to the homologous ipsilateral V1/V2 border region. The laminar location of callosal projecting neurons as well as their terminals were characteristic for each cortical region. The laminar pattern of callosal connectivity was found to differ markedly from that of associational visual pathways. Two principal hypotheses are suggested by these results. First, the fact that V1 in part is reciprocally callosally connected in all mammals supports the notion that this interhemispheric pathway completes long-range intrinsic cortical connections. Second, the convergence of inter- and intrahemispheric pathways could provide the anatomical basis for the modulation of the sensory processing within one hemisphere by ongoing activity in the contralateral hemisphere. PMID- 3166702 TI - Effects of unilateral thalamic lesion upon interocular transfer of visual discrimination in pigeons. I. Lesion in the trained hemisphere (memory access deficits). AB - Two groups of pigeons received a unilateral thalamic lesion in the hemisphere contralateral to the eye used for monocular training of a line orientation discrimination. The first group was trained monocularly on the discrimination after the lesion, and the second group received the lesion after the birds were successfully trained on the discrimination task. Then both groups were trained on the same task with their previously untrained eye to examine interocular transfer of discrimination. Lesion in the nucleus rotundus before monocular discrimination retarded acquisition of the original monocular learning but did not cause deficits in interocular transfer, whereas the rotundal lesion after the monocular discrimination learning resulted in deficits in interocular transfer. These results suggest (1) the bird could learn monocular discrimination with the hemisphere ipsilateral to the viewing eye when the contralateral hemisphere was not accessable, and (2) the bird learned monocular discrimination with the hemisphere contralateral to the viewing eye when both hemispheres were intact. Lesion in OPT did not cause deficits in interocular transfer. This result suggests a crucial role of the tecto-fugal pathway in interocular transfer. PMID- 3166703 TI - Forebrain commissures and visual memory: a new approach. AB - The primary purpose of these exploratory experiments was to determine: (1) whether the forebrain commissures can provide full accessibility of the mnemonic store to either hemisphere when the taks involves memory for 'events' (images) rather than, as in essentially all previous tests on split-brain animals, memory for 'rules' (discrimination habits); and (2) whether the anterior commissure (AC) alone is capable of such function. Macaques, with optic chiasm transected to allow limitation of direct visual input to one or the other hemisphere, were trained on tasks requiring recognition of previously viewed photographic slides. For one task, delayed-matching-to-sample (DMTS), the animal was presented with a 'sample' image, and then 0-15s later was required to choose that image in preference to a second image concurrently displayed. On the other task, running recognition (RR), a series of images was presented, some of which were repetitions of images previously seen in that session, and the animal was required to signal its recognition of these repetitions. For either task the initial presentation could be made to one eye and hemisphere, and subsequent recognition required of the other. In such circumstance, if all forebrain commissures were divided, such interhemispheric recognition was no longer possible. For the DMTS task if either the AC or 5 mm of the splenium of the corpus callosum were available, interhemispheric recognition was basically equivalent to that using the same eye and hemisphere. However, interhemispheric accuracy with the RR task, while well above chance levels, was consistently inferior to that achieved intrahemispherically when complex scenes or objects were viewed. This is probably a consequence mostly of the differing visual fields of the two eyes, since interhemispheric accuracy was greatly improved by use of images having approximately identical right and left halves. No consistent hemispheric specialization nor difference in direction of interhemispheric communication was observed despite the use of different types of material and the different mnemonic tasks. It is concluded that the AC in macaques can achieve full and continuously operative neural unification of the mnemonic traces of past experience. PMID- 3166704 TI - Inhibition and excitation of neck and shoulder muscles during unilateral electrical stimulation of the rat neostriatum. AB - Electrical stimulation of the caudate-putamen (Cd-Pt) in anesthetized adult male rats was used to determine the nature and extent of the control exerted by the Cd Pt over the following neck and shoulder muscles: the trapezius, biventer cervicis, rectus capitis and scalenus dorsalis. Unilateral Cd-Pt stimulation resulted in a pattern of muscle responses marked by immediate inhibition of ipsilateral spontaneous activity and subsequent excitation of contralateral activity. Lesions of the substantia nigra pars reticulata blocked the excitation in 3 of the 4 muscles, while globus pallidus lesions had equivocal results. However, control ablations of the frontoparietal motor cortex, which blocked excitation in all muscles, and kainic acid lesions of the Cd-Pt, which had no effect on excitation, suggested that the excitation of muscle activity can only be attributed to the stimulation of corticofugal fibers passing through this region (i.e. the Cd-Pt). The inhibition of spontaneous activity does appear to be attributable to stimulation of the Cd-Pt. PMID- 3166706 TI - Size constancy in goldfish (Carassius auratus). AB - This study examines whether fish are able to judge the real size of objects taking distance into account, or if size judgements are based purely on the angle objects subtend on the retina. Goldfish were trained to discriminate between 2 targets which differed from one another only in their diameters (5 cm and 10 cm), presented initially equidistantly from the fish. A choice of the correct target was rewarded either by food or by access to other fish. Following successful training, the targets were shifted so that they both subtended the same visual angle. The fish continued to choose the target to which they had been trained, showing that they display size constancy. This ability was present in both monocular and binocular animals. PMID- 3166705 TI - Fenfluramine and amphetamine suppress dietary intake without affecting learned preferences for protein or carbohydrate cues. AB - The effects of pharmacological modulation of monoamine transmitter activity on genuine nutrient selection were assessed: that is, drug-induced changes in nutrient-specific dietary choice behaviour were measured, using rats that had learned to select an odour cueing protein content or carbohydrate content of the diet. Anorexigenic doses of DL-fenfluramine-HCl (1.25 or 2.5 mg/kg) and D amphetamine2 SO4 (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg) did not affect the selection of protein paired or carbohydrate-paired odours by trained rats. This weighs against the claim that 5-hydroxytryptamine or catecholamine transmitters are involved in the selection of macronutrients, as distinct from selection between diets in response to sensory differences functionally unrelated to nutrient composition. PMID- 3166707 TI - Intensity difference thresholds after lesions of ectostriatum in pigeons. AB - Seven pigeons were trained to perform in a psychophysical procedure to determine the smallest difference in luminous intensity (intensity difference threshold) that they could discriminate. When their performance stabilized, lesions were made in the ectostriatum in 4 birds and in the neostriatum in the remaining 3 birds. After surgery, the pigeons with ectostriatum lesions showed markedly elevated thresholds. The neostriatum control cases showed only trivial threshold changes as a consequence of the surgery. A psychophysical scaling analysis showed that the ectostriatum-lesioned pigeons had lost from 50% to 83% of their preoperative capacity to discriminate differences in the intensity of visual stimuli. A multiple-regression analysis based on quantitative reconstructions of the lesions revealed that only damage to the core region of the ectostriatum contributed to the postoperative threshold changes. PMID- 3166708 TI - Behavioral differences in the developing rat following postnatal anoxia or postnatally injected AF-64A, a cholinergic neurotoxin. AB - Rat pups were submitted postnatally to one of two procedures: a 25-min exposure to 100% nitrogen or an i.c.v. bilateral injection of AF-64A, 2 nmol contained in 1-microliter saline. Throughout further development of either group, their performance in passive and active avoidance tests and in amphetamine-induced stereotype behavior was followed and compared. Both groups exhibited hyperactivity which persisted until 42 days of age in the anoxia group and beyond 120 days in the AF-64A group. Both groups were equally inferior to controls in the passive avoidance test, but only the anoxia group was inferior to controls in the active avoidance test. Amphetamine-induced stereotype behavior was much less pronounced in the anoxia group relative to AF-64A-treated rats or to controls. The results suggest that the lesion induced by the neurotoxin is more specific and less widespread than the one caused by anoxia. PMID- 3166710 TI - Peripubertal castration of male rats, adult open field ambulation and partner preference behavior. AB - The validity of the hypothesis put forward earlier, that testicular secretions during puberty have an organizing effect on open field ambulation was examined. Male rats were castrated or sham-operated at days 21, 43 or 70. At the age of 17 weeks the males were tested in an automated, octagonal open field (3 consecutive days, 3 min/day) for locomotor activity. Male rats castrated at day 21 or day 43 ambulated more than sham-castrated controls. Males castrated at day 70 did not differ from sham-castrated controls. It thus appears that pubertal testicular secretion(s) organize adult open field locomotor activity in male rats. From 18 weeks of age partner preference behavior was tested in the same open field apparatus with one adjacent cage containing an ovariectomized female and an opposite one containing an ovariectomized female brought into heat. The females in the adjacent cages were separated from the experimental males in the octagonal cage by wire mesh. Peripubertally castrated males did not show a clear-cut partner preference, whereas the intact males preferred the vicinity of the estrous female. There were no differences among the males castrated either before, during or after puberty. Testosterone treatment (crystalline T in silastic capsules) caused peripubertally castrated males to prefer the estrous female. Thus, adult partner preference behavior does not seem to be organized by peripubertal testicular androgens. PMID- 3166711 TI - Developmental interactions between the corpus callosum and the visual system in cats. AB - The neonatal corpus callosum is involved in the development of pathways or mechanisms that coordinate the inputs from the two eyes. Several related visual functions are permanently altered by the absence of the callosum during early development. As determined behaviorally and by visual evoked potentials, the normal amount of 90 degrees of the visual field in which both eyes respond to stimulation is almost completely eliminated. Also, there is a reduced number of binocular cells in striate cortical regions representing most of the visual field. In addition, behaviorally measured visual acuity is reduced. Changes in acuity and striate binocularity only result when a callosal section occurs during a critical period of the first postnatal month, and the earlier the surgery, the greater the changes. The lack of myelination during the first postnatal month indicates that the conduction properties of the callosum are poorly developed during its critical period. The pattern of callosal connectivity is probably significant for its role in development, but not all callosal fibers are necessary for normal visual development. Developmental plasticity of callosal connections has been demonstrated for striate cortex, but now it has also been demonstrated for the claustrum. Thus, the callosal role in regions representing both central and peripheral visual field, in neocortical and non-neocortical brain areas should be reassessed. PMID- 3166712 TI - Mixed-list presentation and visual field asymmetry: attempts to differentially activate the hemispheres. AB - Mixed lists of abstract nouns and random forms were presented in an attempt to induce differential activation of the two hemispheres. For Expt. 1, nine probability levels, from P = 0.1 to P = 0.9 for both nouns and forms were examined. Prior to the presentation of each trial a cue was presented which gave the probability of that trial being either a noun or a form. For Expts. 2 and 3, eleven mixed blocks were presented, each containing a different proportion of nouns and forms. The activational model predicts right visual field (RVF) advantages for both stimulus types when nouns are more probable or more frequent than forms, and left visual field (LVF) advantages for both stimulus types when forms are more probable than nouns. The structural model predicts RVF and LVF advantages for nouns and forms respectively, regardless of their probability of occurrence. It was found that the more probable or frequent the stimulus type the faster the response. However, all 3 experiments offered some support for the structural model and no support for the activational model. PMID- 3166709 TI - Mild stress influences sex differences in exploratory and amphetamine-enhanced activity in rats. AB - The locomotor activity of experimentally naive male and female rats was monitored in a novel environment during two sessions one week apart. Half of the animals were handled for 5 days before testing, and all animals were injected before each activity session either with saline or with D-amphetamine (0.25 mg/kg). Overall, there were no sex differences in activity. However, activity was increased both by prior handling and by amphetamine treatment, and these effects were larger in females than in males. The finding that the activity-increasing effects of handling were greater in females than in males suggested that sex differences in behavior may be influenced by previous experience and that this should be considered in the design of behavioral experiments involving naive animals. PMID- 3166713 TI - Development of visual and tactile rod orientation in children. AB - Two groups of neurologically normal children (total number 64), aged from 4 to 13 years, were examined with the rod orientation test. In the second group, the line orientation test and finger tapping were also studied in addition to the rod orientation test. On the rod orientation test, the mean error rates decreased with age in both groups, and from the age of 10 the children performed as well as normal adults. In the period (ages 4-7 years) in which the greatest change in performance on the visual part of the rod orientation test had taken place (63%), a much smaller change occurred in the tapping frequency (23%). Thus the development of motor skills does not seem to be directly related to the development of spatial perception. The line orientation test did not show any developmental profile. PMID- 3166714 TI - Postnatal development of the visual corpus callosum: the influence of activity of the retinofugal projections. AB - Visual callosal projections were studied in normal adult rabbits, and in adult rabbits in which normal development was manipulated by monocular enucleation on the first or seventh postnatal day, or by abolition of retinal physiological activity by repeated application of tetrodotoxin (TTX) beginning on postnatal day 7. Animals given control vehicle injections, and animals enucleated on postnatal day 7 did not differ from normal in the tangential extent of their callosal zone which is limited to the lateral one-third of area 17. In contrast, animals enucleated on the day of birth and animals given TTX vitreous injections beginning on postnatal day 6-7 are similar in that the tangential extent of their callosal cell zone extends approximately through the lateral two-thirds of area 17. The results suggest that different mechanisms underly the effects of removal of the eye, and abolition of retinal activity, and that the critical period for the effective manipulation of these two mechanisms is different. PMID- 3166716 TI - Left hemisphere superiority for visuospatial functions in left-handers. AB - Male and female left- and right-handers have been tested with a divided visual field technique on a visuospatial (discrimination of angle width) and on a verbal task (vowel-consonant discrimination) using either a choice or a Go-No-go manual reaction time paradigm. Right-handers showed the expected pattern of hemispheric asymmetries with an advantage of the right hemisphere in the visuospatial task and an advantage of the left hemisphere in the verbal task. Such effects were statistically reliable only in male subjects. Left-handers, on the contrary, showed a different pattern of asymmetries. In the visuospatial task there was an overall superiority of the left hemisphere, while no hemispheric asymmetry was found in the verbal task. PMID- 3166715 TI - Extent and limits of cerebral adjustment to early section or congenital absence of the corpus callosum. AB - The ability to effect inter- and intrahemispheric comparisons of visual and tactile stimuli was studied in 4 callosotomized patients and 6 callosal agenesis subjects using response accuracy and response times to determine the extent of cerebral adjustment to functional or congenital absence of the corpus callosum. The visual tasks involved within- and between-fields presentation of pairs of colours and shapes. The tactile tasks required uni- and bimanual comparisons of 3 categories of stimuli (size, shape and texture) of increasing difficulty. Older callosotomized children showed disconnection deficits similar to those reported in adult split-brain patients, whereas both acallosal subjects and our youngest patient with complete callosal transection demonstrated a high level of accuracy in the interhemispheric tasks. However, all patients required considerably more time to accomplish the cross-integration of relatively complex visual and tactile information which seems to be one of the major limitations of the compensatory mechanisms. The results also indicate that the quality of transfer differs between the acallosal and early-callosotomized patients in relation to the sensory modality studied. Thus, visual cross-matching was found to be superior to bimanual matching for the callosotomized group, whereas intermanual comparisons proved to be more efficient than visual integration in the acallosals. These divergent findings suggest not only that different compensatory mechanisms may be operating in visual and tactile transfer, but also that the same mechanisms may be utilized differently by the two populations deprived of the use of callosal connections. PMID- 3166717 TI - Callosal and association neurons in the cortical space: a spectral analysis approach. AB - The tangential distributions of callosal neurons of area 5 projecting homotopically to the contralateral hemisphere and of association neurons of areas 4 and 6 projecting to ipsilateral area 5 were determined in the macaque monkey by using neuroanatomical methods based on the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Both distributions were studied qualitatively through 2-dimensional reconstructions of the cortical areas of origin and quantitatively through a spectral analysis. This approach facilitated the characterization of the spatial periodicities contained in these distributions revealing that, in area 5, callosal neurons were organized in bands of various shapes and width; these bands were composed of more discrete clusters of cells. In the frontal lobe, association neurons projecting to ipsilateral area 5 were arranged similarly. This study suggests that a common principle underlies the tangential organization of both callosal and association projecting cells in different cortical areas and emphasizes a basic similarity of interhemispheric and intrahemispheric connections. PMID- 3166718 TI - A correlation between regional acetylcholinesterase activity in rat brain and performance in a spatial task. AB - The acquisition and retention of a water maze task was examined in 12 intact, young Wistar rats. Acetylcholinesterase activity in 43 discrete brain regions was then measured in the same rats by quantitative histochemistry. Individual learning and retention indices were found to be significantly correlated with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels in specific regions, e.g. cholinergic nuclei; the ventral pallidum and nucleus basalis; and in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. High levels of AChE in these regions predicted poor performance in the water maze. Thus cholinergic activity in selected regions of the rat brain might be involved in the performance of spatial memory tasks. PMID- 3166719 TI - The temporal retina and visual discrimination in the rabbit. AB - Two types of visual discrimination apparatus for rabbits can be distinguished: one in which the animal is free to move close to the targets and another in which the choice has to be made at a distance. Previously, it had been found that rabbits have a tendency to fixate the patterns with the temporal retina for visual discrimination in the first type of apparatus. The present experiments show that this is also the case in an apparatus where the rabbit discriminates at a distance. PMID- 3166720 TI - Dynamic adaptation of the blind pointing characteristic to stepwise lateral tilts of body, head, and trunk. AB - Blind pointing (i.e. pointing to visual targets without seeing the pointing arm) was investigated in normal subjects in response to stepwise lateral tilts (20 degrees) of the body, head, and trunk. Blind pointing positions of the right index finger on the outer surface of a hemispherical screen were measured relative to the positions of visual targets that were presented along a horizontal line (+/- 30 degrees in head coordinates) on the inner screen surface, thus yielding a blind pointing characteristic (BPC). (1) BPC is highly reproducible and can be subdivided into separate branches for the ipsi- and contralateral hemifields. These branches are rotated relative to the target line by individually different BPC angles pi i and pi c. (2) pi i exhibits characteristic time courses (measured within 10 min following a stepwise tilt) for each paradigm. (3) Body tilt (left ear down) causes a step-like increase in pi i of up to 14 degrees; body tilt (right ear down) causes a step-like decrease in pi i to about zero. (4) Trunk tilt (right shoulder down) produces a gradual decrease in pi i of up to 6 degrees (average time constant tau T = 5 min); trunk tilt (left shoulder down) produces a gradual increase in pi i of up to 4 degrees. (5) Head tilt (left ear down) causes an increase in pi i of up to 9 degrees followed by a gradual decrease (average time constant tau H = 6 min); head tilt (right ear down) causes a step-like decrease in pi i with unsignificant further changes. These findings are discussed in terms of a neural sensorimotor coordinate transformation process receiving separate, dynamic otolith and neck afferent influences. PMID- 3166721 TI - Spatial cognitive maps: differential role of parietal cortex and hippocampal formation. AB - Separate groups of rats with lesions in the parietal cortex (PC) or hippocampal formation (HF) were tested for acquisition and retention of the Morris water maze cognitive mapping task. Some of the animals in each lesion group received preoperative training in the task. Other animals in each group received no preoperative training. The results indicate that although both lesions lead to a cognitive mapping impairment in both the acquisition and retention of the task, the animals with PC lesions were more severely impaired than were the animals with HF lesions, as indicated by quantitative measures. However, qualitative aspects of the animals' swim behavior indicate that the HF damaged animals tend to use "nonmapping" strategies to solve the tasks, which suggests that the qualitative nature of their impairment differs from that of the PC damaged animals. The results of this study support the hypothesis that PC plays an important role in the processing of information about space that is allocentric or external to the body. PMID- 3166723 TI - Sampling behavior in the radial maze and operant chamber: role of the hippocampus and prefrontal area. AB - Rats were observed in the radial maze and in an operant setting where "errors" were, within limits, impossible to commit. Under these circumstances, the animals were free to seek information from the environment by varying their behavior, if they chose to do so, without penalty of nonreward. Rats with hippocampal, but not prefrontal or parietal damage, sampled fewer successive arm choices in the maze and exhibited a greatly reduced sensory analysis of the maze and its context. In operant chambers equipped with multiple levers, only hippocampal lesion narrowed the variety of interresponse intervals, which resulted in rhythmic responding. In contrast, the distribution of responses across the three response targets was not influenced by central nervous system injury. This pattern of information deprivation imposed by the hippocampal lesion parallels the profile of performance of such animals on more conventional tasks that depend on such information for optimal performance. Importantly, the sampling deficits were not direct outcomes of the hippocampal damage. Close scrutiny revealed that the rigidity developed over time, albeit quite rapidly. Thus the narrowed behavioral variation following hippocampectomy depends on some interactive component of task experience. We argue that reward is the other critical ingredient. PMID- 3166722 TI - Acquisition of conditional associations and operant delayed spatial response alternation: effects of lesions in the medial prefrontal cortex. AB - In this article 8 male Wistar rats received bilateral lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex, whereas another 8 rats were control operated. Three weeks after surgery, they were exposed to an autoshaping procedure in which the insertion of a lever into the experimental chamber (conditioned stimulus) always preceded the delivery of a response-independent food pellet (unconditioned stimulus). Subjects with lesions acquired this conditional association faster than control-operated subjects as evidenced by the fact that they were more likely than control-operated subjects to contact the conditioned stimulus at higher rates. Locomotor activity, observed in a standard open-field preceding autoshaping sessions, decreased for both groups of subjects with repeated exposure to the open-field, whereas differences between groups were not observed. The same subjects were also exposed to an operant delayed spatial response alternation procedure in which they were required to alternate responding between two levers that were inserted into the experimental chamber after delay intervals of either 5, 10, or 20 s had elapsed. Alternation response accuracy of both subjects with lesions and control subjects decreased as a function of the duration of the delay interval, but control-operated subjects responded more accurately than did lesion subjects at each interval duration. Response accuracy increased with prolonged training for both groups of subjects, but faster for control-operated than for subjects with lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3166724 TI - Effects of adrenal demedullation on the conditioned emotional response and on the memory improving action of glucose. AB - Results of previous experiments have demonstrated that posttraining, noncontingent ingestion of sucrose solutions, or injection of glucose solutions improve retention of various learning tasks. In the present experiment, we tested the hypothesis that this effect is due to a glucose-stimulated release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla by testing the effect of posttraining glucose injections on retention of a conditioned emotional response (CER) in demedullated rats. In a preliminary experiment, demedullated rats were found to be deficient at acquiring the CER, but a similar deficit in sham-operated animals suggested that this was due to the surgical procedure rather than to the absence of the adrenal medulla. When appropriate shock parameters were used, posttraining glucose improved retention of the CER in a manner parallel to the effect of this treatment in normal rats. It was concluded that the memory improving effect of posttraining glucose does not involve an effect of this substance on the adrenal medulla. PMID- 3166725 TI - Learning in rats with caudate-putamen lesions: unimpaired classical conditioning and beneficial effects of redundant stimulus cues on instrumental and spatial learning deficits. AB - The effects of caudate-putamen lesions in the rat on conditioning were investigated in three experiments. In Experiment 1, rats with lesions were impaired on a spatial task that required learning to make the correct position response, but no deficit was obtained when the alternatives were differentiated by salient visual cues. Performance remained good even when the visual cues were removed. A classical conditioned suppression paradigm was used in Experiment 2, and caudate-putamen lesions were found not to impair acquisition of suppression or overshadowing. In Experiment 3 we revealed poor instrumental learning in subjects with lesions as retarded acquisition of lever-press responding and depressed variable interval response rates. When a light stimulus was present together with reinforced responses, response rates were depressed in the control group (which suggested an overshadowing phenomenon) but were potentiated in the group with lesions. The results showed that caudate-putamen lesions did not produce a general deficit in association formation. There was disruption of learning about responses but not stimuli and, moreover, it was found that redundant stimulus cues aided response learning. It appears that for normal subjects, the salience or associability of the response cues may largely determine the influence of stimuli presented during instrumental conditioning. PMID- 3166726 TI - Lesions of the substantia nigra retard Pavlovian eye-blink but not heart rate conditioning in the rabbit. AB - Bilateral radio-frequency (RF) lesions of the substantia nigra retarded Pavlovian eye-blink (EB) conditioning without affecting concurrent heart rate (HR) conditioning. Dopamine (DA) depletion occurred only in the caudate nucleus, whereas norepinephrine (NE) depletion was limited to the hypothalamus. Bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of substantia nigra retarded acquisition of both EB and HR responses. Six-OHDA lesions produced significant NE depletion in the nucleus acumbens/septi, frontal cortices, and hypothalamus, as well as DA depletion in the caudate nucleus. Trials required to reach EB conditioning criterion was significantly correlated with caudate DA levels. The magnitude of conditioned bradycardia was on the other hand significantly correlated with hypothalamic NE levels. These results suggest that interruption of the nigro striatal dopaminergic pathway retards Pavlovian somatomotor learning without affecting concurrent autonomic learning, although the latter may depend on an intact ascending NE pathway to the hypothalamus, which passes through the tegmentum and thus is also destroyed in some cases by substantia nigra lesions. PMID- 3166727 TI - Inhibition of acoustic startle in the rat by a footshock prestimulus: effects of morphine and naloxone. AB - In a series of three experiments, we investigated the ability of footshock to inhibit the rat's acoustic startle response. Based on the mean thresholds obtained from a flinch-jump test, 8 rats were tested in a startle inhibition procedure with prestimulus intensities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mA. Subjects were presented with a series of startle-eliciting noise bursts, preceded by a 300 ms footshock of one of the four intensities. Control trials consisting of the noise alone were also included. Startle amplitude was measured during the 100 ms immediately following the noise onset. Footshock reliably inhibited startle at all intensities; inhibition was near maximum at 0.2 mA. Morphine administration reliably interfered with the inhibition at all intensities, and this was reversed by naloxone administration. These data suggest that morphine may have a more general effect than is currently believed. PMID- 3166728 TI - Tolerance to morphine in the rat: associative and nonassociative effects. AB - Two experiments were conducted to examine the impact of dose level and interdose interval (IDI) on the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine. In Experiment 1, rats were administered a series of low- (5 mg/kg) or high- (30 mg/kg) dose injections of morphine either explicitly paired or unpaired with a distinctive context at a 48-hr IDI. The development of tolerance following this regimen was assessed by shifts in dose-response curves to the right when animals were tested on a tail-flick device in the distinctive context. Only animals that had received morphine paired with the distinctive context were tolerant to morphine; the magnitude of this associative tolerance was a positive function of the level of the conditioning dose. In Experiment 2, rats were exposed to a high dose of morphine (30 mg/kg) either paired or unpaired with a distinctive context at one of two IDIs (24 or 96 hr). Tolerance testing revealed that at the long IDI, only associative tolerance was evident, whereas at the short IDI, tolerance in the unpaired condition was more pronounced with a corresponding decline in the development of associative tolerance. The relevance of these findings for psychological theories of drug tolerance are discussed. The overall pattern of results are consistent with the predictions of an habituation model of drug tolerance. PMID- 3166729 TI - Latent sensitization to apomorphine following repeated low doses. AB - In two experiments, the effect of repeated injections of apomorphine on locomotor activity of rats was determined. In each experiment, different groups of rats were injected with either apomorphine (0.2, 1.0, or 5.0 mg/kg) or vehicle at either 24 or 72 hr intervals and tested for locomotor activity in photocell arenas. In Experiment 2, following 13 treatment sessions with various doses, all groups were first tested for activity following a 5.0 mg/kg dose of apomorphine and then given vehicle only prior to the final activity test session. Major findings were as follows: (a) repeated injections of 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg apomorphine produced a progressively greater increase in activity with each injection (i.e., sensitization); (b) injections of 0.2 mg/kg of apomorphine produced a slight inhibition of activity, which did not change with repeated injections; (c) prior treatment with 0.2 mg/kg of apomorphine resulted in a significantly greater activity increase following a 5.0 mg/kg dose of apomorphine than did prior vehicle treatments; and (d) chronic pretreatment of rats with apomorphine did not affect their activity level following a vehicle injection. These findings suggest that sensitization to apomorphine is a graded, rather than an all or none, phenomenon dependent on the dose of apomorphine repeatedly administered. In addition, these results are inconsistent with autoreceptor tolerance and conditioning explanations of dopamine agonist-induced sensitization effects. PMID- 3166730 TI - Sodium depletion increases rats' preferences for salted food. AB - In contrast to humans, sodium-replete rats prefer dilute saline to water and do not prefer salted food to plain food. Sodium depletion is known to enhance the intake of and preference for salt provided in water. Here, we examined whether the context of the delivery vehicle for salt could influence salt intake and preference. This was done by studying the effects of sodium depletion on rats' preferences for salted food and salt water. In Experiment 1, rats were depleted of sodium by combined use of a sodium-deficient diet and administration of the natriuretic drug, furosemide (5 mg sc). They were then given a choice between either salted sodium-deficient diet (1% NaCl) and unsalted sodium-deficient diet or salt water (0.3 M NaCl) and water. The rats consumed more salted than unsalted sodium-deficient diet and more 0.3 M NaCl than water. However, the amount of salt ingested in food was substantially less than the amount in water. In Experiments 2 and 3 we examined preferences for various concentrations of salt (0.06%-8.0% NaCl) in food during sodium depletion. The duration of the salted food preference was inversely related to the quantity of salt consumed and the concentration of salt in the food. Data from Experiments 4 and 5 indicated that it was unlikely the changes in salted food preference were the result of taste aversions produced by furosemide administration. Taken together, these experiments demonstrate that, as the case for fluids, a preference for salted food can be produced by sodium depletion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3166732 TI - Effect of lysine-8-vasopressin on retention and retrieval of a discrimination reward task in the rat. AB - The effect of vasopressin on memory of a brightness discrimination reward task was investigated in 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Two measures of retention were used: resistance to extinction and savings scores on a reacquisition task given 45 days after the completion of extinction training. The effect of the peptide on both memory consolidation and retrieval was assessed. There were two major findings: (a) The peptide enhanced memory consolidation of the task whether measured after a short time interval (6 days) or after a long time interval (45 days after completion of extinction training) using a measure of trials to relearn the task, and (b) the peptide had no effect on memory retrieval. These results were compared to those of other studies designed to access memory consolidation and retrieval on appetitive tasks. The mechanisms of the peptide's effect on memory was briefly discussed with respect to three theories on the subject. This study extends the vasopressin research on memory consolidation by suggesting that it pertains to appetitive as well as to aversive tasks. PMID- 3166731 TI - Salt preference in rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro strain). AB - Brattleboro rats are homozygous for diabetes insipidus (HO-DI), lacking the ability to synthesize vasopressin. Besides increasing water consumption, HO-DI rats may compensate for their excessive renal water loss by reducing their intake of and preference for substances that elevate plasma osmolarity. In two experiments we assessed this possibility. In Experiment 1, salt preference of HO DI and control Long-Evans (LE) rats was measured by presenting the rats with two tubes: one filled with water and the other with NaCl. In the first part of the experiment, 18 NaCl concentrations were presented in increasing order (from 6 to 300 mM). In the second part, other groups of HO-DI and LE rats were presented with 6 concentrations of NaCl, ranging from 6 to 450 mM in either increasing or decreasing order of concentrations. In Experiment 2, preference for 6 concentrations of citric acid ranging from 0.1 to 6 mM was assessed. With NaCl concentrations greater than 100 mM, intake and preference declined rapidly for the HO-DI group but very gradually for the LE group. In contrast, the HO-DI rats preferred all citric acid solutions more than LE rats. The results suggest that HO-DI rats compensate for their inability to concentrate urine not only by increasing water consumption, but also by decreasing consumption of and preference for salty solutions. PMID- 3166733 TI - Bilateral cerebellar lesions disrupt conditioned eyelid responses in unrestrained rats. AB - Electromyographic eyelid responses in unrestrained rats were classically conditioned in a Pavlovian delay paradigm by using a tone conditioned stimulus (CS) and periorbital shock unconditioned stimulus (US). After eyelid conditioning was complete, bilateral electrolytic lesions were made in the dentate interpositus region of the cerebellar nuclei. Initial eyelid conditioning was reliable and very similar to that previously observed in the rabbit, although the asymptotic eyelid responses contained a short-latency startle response in addition to the usual conditioned and unconditioned responses (CR and UR). Substantial decrements in CRs were observed in 13 of the 14 rats with accurately placed lesions. In contrast, startle responses and URs were unaffected. The results replicate the effects of cerebellar lesions on eyelid CRs in the rabbit and suggest that the anatomical basis of eyelid conditioning in both species is similar. PMID- 3166734 TI - Memory enhancement with posttraining intraventricular glucose injections in rats. AB - Recent findings suggest that peripheral epinephrine enhancement of memory storage may be mediated in part by an increase in circulating glucose levels subsequent to epinephrine release or injection. Because glucose, unlike epinephrine, has ready access to the central nervous system, it is possible that glucose acts directly on central processes to enhance memory. To test this possibility, rats were trained on a one-trial inhibitory avoidance task and received immediate or delayed injections of glucose in artificial cerebrospinal fluid. On retention tests 24 hr after training, animals that received 3 or 5 micrograms glucose (in 1 microl cerebrospinal fluid over 3 min) had significantly enhanced performance of the learned response. These findings are consistent with the view that glucose can regulate the storage of new information by acting on central processes. Whether there are additional peripheral contributions to glucose effects on memory remains to be determined. PMID- 3166736 TI - Biotechnology in agriculture. PMID- 3166735 TI - Parallel modifications of spatial memory performances, exploration patterns, and hippocampal theta rhythms in fornix-damaged rats: reversal by oxotremorine. AB - Learning scores and degrees of divergence of the exploratory patterns (EP) displayed during the acquisition stage of a radial eight-arm maze task were examined in fornix-damaged and sham-operated rats injected either with oxotremorine (0.1 mg/kg) or saline. Modifications of hippocampal rhythmic slow activity (theta) recorded in each condition were analyzed in CA1 and dentate gyrus. Dorsal fornix sections reduced choice accuracy but also induced the adoption of weakly divergent EP. Oxotremorine in animals with lesions reinstates both learning scores and degree of divergence of EP at the levels respectively observed in saline sham-operated animals. Finally, oxotremorine in sham-operated animals did not significantly improve choice accuracy but strongly modified the EP. Preoperatively, theta rhythms indicated a decrease of frequency after oxotremorine administration. Postoperatively, they showed an increase of frequency in animals with lesions that were reinstated at the preoperative level by oxotremorine. PMID- 3166737 TI - Tryptophan degradation in patients infected by human immunodeficiency virus. AB - Tryptophan and kynurenine were measured retrospectively in sera of 11 male patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (Walter Reed stages 4 and 6). Tryptophan levels are significantly reduced to less than 50% in patients with HIV infection and kynurenine levels significantly elevated when compared to sex and age matched controls. The decrease of tryptophan levels might contribute to neurologic symptoms often associated with HIV infection. Since interferon-gamma induces degradation of tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway, the present results may be consistent with enhanced endogenous production of interferon-gamma in advanced HIV infection. PMID- 3166738 TI - Structural adaptation of bird hemoglobins to high-altitude respiration and the primary sequences of black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus, Charadriiformes) alpha A- and beta/beta'-chains. AB - Two hemoglobin components HbA (alpha A2 beta 2) and (alpha D2 beta 2) have been detected by analytical electrophoresis in the lysed erythrocytes of the adult Black-Headed Gull (Larus ridibundus). We report the complete primary structure of the alpha A- and beta-chains of the major hemoglobin component HbA. Following the chain separation and isolation of the tryptic peptides by RP-HPLC, the amino-acid sequence was established by automatic Edman degradation in spinning cup and gas phase sequencers. The primary structures of alpha A- and beta-chains from the Black-Headed Gull HbA differ by 11 and by 6 amino-acid residues from the corresponding chains of Greylag Goose. These changes are randomly distributed over both alpha-helical and interhelical regions. The presence of beta/beta' chains is indicated by the observation of Ile/Leu at position beta 78. An exchange at position beta 55 (D6)Leu-Asn which is known to be involved in the alpha 1 beta 1-interface with alpha 119(H2)Pro has been found. It is suggested that packing contacts in the alpha 1 beta 1-interface are important for high altitude respiration in birds. PMID- 3166739 TI - Carnivora: the primary structure of the common otter (Lutra lutra, Mustelidae) hemoglobin. AB - The hemoglobin of the Common Otter (Lutra lutra, Carnivora) contains only one component. The complete primary structures of the alpha- and beta-chains are presented. They were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and the sequences determined by automatic liquid and gas-phase Edman degradation of the chains and their tryptic peptides. The alpha-chains show 18 and the beta-chains 13 substitutions compared to human alpha- and beta-chains, respectively. In the alpha-chains one heme- and two alpha 1/beta 1-contacts are exchanged. In the beta chains the replacements involve one heme-, one alpha 1/beta 1-, and one alpha 1/beta 2-contact. The alpha- and beta-chains of the Common Otter are compared to those of other Carnivora hemoglobins. The unexpected low number of substitutions between Common Otter hemoglobin and that of Lesser Panda as well as of Harbor Seal is discussed. PMID- 3166740 TI - Reactivity with legume lectins of three monoclonal antibodies made against the Lathyrus odoratus lectin. AB - Three murine IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) were produced against the glucose/mannose-specific two-chain mitogen from seeds of Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea) belonging to the Vicieae tribe of the Leguminosae family. Their antigenic specificities were tested against subunits of two-chain and one-chain legume lectins separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrotransferred to nitrocellulose filters. Different binding to native and detergent-treated lectins in dot-blots indicated that two of the antibodies bound to conformational epitopes which by immunoblotting were shown to be expressed on the heavy subunits from all the five tested two-chain lectins and on the six one chain lectins, including PHA (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Con A (Canavalia ensiformis). However, ELISA cross-inhibition studies showed that these two antibodies bound to different epitopes on the lectin molecules. The third MoAb reacted with a continuous epitope not revealed by classical taxonomy since only three of five heavy subunits of the two-chain lectins stained with the antibody. Comparison of the known amino-acid sequences of the chains indicates eight positions as possible binding sites for this antibody. PMID- 3166741 TI - [Steroid hormone transformation in the gonads and liver of aged rats]. AB - In order to study some aspects of the steroid hormone balance in old age the following organ functions of young and senescent male and female animals were investigated: 1) The capacity of testicular (45, 68-75 and 900 day-old animals) and ovarian tissue homogenates (29, 45, 66 and 900 day-old animals) to metabolically transform the sex hormone precursor, progesterone. 2) The capacity of liver slices (60-90 and 900 day-old animals) to generate a sex-specific metabolite pattern during incubation with testosterone. 3) The activities of some enzymes of steroid metabolism, which normally show sex differences in liver cell fractions (60-90 and 900 day-old animals). The testicular capacity of senescent animals to synthesize 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and testosterone (main pathway of androgen biosynthesis) is drastically reduced compared to that of young adult rats; the reduction also extends to the production of highly polar C19O3- and C21O3-steroids. In contrast to these deficiencies, conversion of progesterone to 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone increases in old age, whereas the generation of 5 alpha-hydrogenated compounds from testosterone and androstenedione remains unchanged. If the group of adolescent 45 day-old animals is also taken into consideration, then the biosynthetic sequence from progesterone to testosterone exhibits a biphasic developmental course. Production rates rise from low levels only to fall back to lower rates of synthesis in old age. In no age group can the production of oestrogens in measurable quantities be detected. However, 5 alpha-hydrogenated C19O2-steroid metabolites are detected, albeit only in prepuberal animals. After puberty only progesterone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone and the 5 alpha-pregnane derivatives of these two steroids can be demonstrated. The pattern of the respective metabolites undergoes an age-dependent metabolite-specific development ending (900 day-old animals) with minimal yields of products (less than 21% of progesterone is converted). The production of hydroxylated metabolites (highly polar C21O3-steroid fraction) decreases very early in life (between day 29 and 45) to values indistinguishable from those of old animals. The sexually highly differentiated metabolite pattern of hepatic testosterone metabolism typical of young adult animals (60-90 day-old) is not prominent in old age. Both sexes exhibit a retarded testosterone turnover due to a decrease in the hydroxylating activity (males being more affected than females) and a deficiency of 5 alpha hydrogenation (females only).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3166743 TI - Horse urinary kallikrein, I. Complete purification and characterization. AB - The isolation procedure for horse urinary kallikrein was considerably improved by the introduction of two new purification steps: a) removal of mucoproteins and concentration of the urine by ultrafiltration and b) affinity chromatography on benzamidine-Sepharose conjugate. The homogeneity of the enzyme preparations, regarding their protein moiety, was demonstrated by: 1) a single symmetric peak on DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, with constant values for A280/A260 ratios, esterolytic and amidolytic specific activities; 2) a single band, although dispersed, on gel-electrophoresis at pH 8.3, also in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 3) a unique sequence for the six amino-terminal residues. The isolated enzyme was shown to be a single chain glycoprotein (alpha kallikrein), similar to human urinary and porcine-pancreatic kallikreins regarding the protein moiety molecular mass, amino-acid composition, and partial amino-terminal sequence; differences were found in their total sugar content and even more conspicuously in their carbohydrate composition. In contrast to porcine pancreatic beta-kallikrein, horse urinary kallikrein was not substrate-activated and unlike other alpha-kallikreins, did not present the biphasic time-course in benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester hydrolysis. The specificity constants (kcat/Km) for ester and 4-nitroanilide substrates were lower for horse urinary than for pancreatic beta-kallikrein and as observed with the latter enzyme, were affected by NaCl. PMID- 3166742 TI - A new reagent for the preparation of glycoconjugates. AB - The thioglycoside derivative 2-carbazoylethyl 1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside hydrochloride was synthesized. Conversion of the carbazoyl group into the reactive azidocarbonyl function leads to a well suited reagent for the preparation of glycoconjugates via amidation of proteins or synthetic carriers in aqueous media. PMID- 3166744 TI - Horse urinary kallikrein, II. Effect of subsite interactions on its catalytic activity. AB - The effect of secondary-subsite interactions on the catalytic efficiency of horse urinary kallikrein was studied using as substrates oligopeptides and peptidyl-4 nitroanilides with L-Arg at P1. The known secondary specificity of tissue kallikreins for hydrophobic residues at P2 was also demonstrated for horse urinary kallikrein and a higher preference of this enzyme for L-Phe over L-Leu at P2 was evident. Interaction of subsites S3 with D-Pro and D-Phe enhanced the catalytic efficiency but tripeptidyl-4-nitroanilides with acetyl-D-Pro, L-Pro and acetyl-L-Pro at P3 were no better substrates than acetyl-dipeptidyl-4 nitroanilides. The importance of the leaving group for the catalysis was proved by higher kcat/Km values for the peptides in relation to peptidyl-4-nitroanilides containing a common acyl-chain. The low kcat value for the peptide with L-Pro at P'2 stresses the importance of a hydrogen bond between P'2 amide and the carbonyl group at S'2. One L-arginine residue at the leaving group, specially at the P'2 position, decreases the value of the apparent Km. This effect resulting of side chain interactions with S'2, is impaired by a second L-Arg at P'1. PMID- 3166745 TI - Solubilization of the NADPH-oxidase from bone marrow derived macrophages by dialkylphospholipid and purification by HPLC-anion exchange chromatography. AB - The microsomal NADPH-oxidase of bone marrow-derived macrophages was partially purified by HPLC-anion exchange chromatography. Particulate preparations were solubilized by the Dialkylphospholipid 2-O-methyl-1-O-octadecyl-rac-glycero-3 phosphocholine. The enzyme was enriched up to 61-fold and proved to be stable under the assay conditions. The NADPH-oxidase depended on NADPH as electron donor with a Km of 2.1 microM, whereas no O2- -production was detected with up to 40 microM NADH. Ca2+ was found to be a strong inhibitor of the enzyme, whereas Mg2+ had no influence. O2- was determined by the very sensitive and selective method of superoxide dismutase-inhibitable chemiluminescence of lucigenin. PMID- 3166746 TI - A new type of ultrasensitive bioluminogenic enzyme substrates. I. Enzyme substrates with D-luciferin as leaving group. AB - Derivatives of D-luciferin, D-luciferin methyl ester, D-luciferin O-sulfate, D luciferin O-phosphate, D-luciferyl-L-N alpha-arginine and D-luciferyl-L phenylalanine were used as highly sensitive substrates for carboxylic esterase, arylsulfatase, alkaline phosphatase and carboxypeptidases A, B and N. Enzymatic cleavage of the compounds by enzymes leading to the release of D-luciferin was demonstrated. Kinetic constants have been determined for D-luciferin methyl ester and carboxylic esterase, for D-luciferin O-sulfate and arylsulfatase, for D luciferin O-phosphate and alkaline phosphatase, for D-luciferyl-L-phenylalanine and carboxypeptidase A, and for carboxypeptidases B and N and D-luciferyl-L-N alpha-arginine. All compounds proved to be highly sensitive substrates for the respective enzymes, permitting a limit of detection for enzymes between 10 and 500 fg per assay. PMID- 3166747 TI - Isolation and characterization of high-molecular mass DNA from hair shafts. AB - Experiments to identify species by DNA analysis of their hair failed so far because no DNA could be isolated from hair shafts. In this work the preparation of DNA from human--as well as from animal hair shafts (alpaca, angora-rabbit, cashmere, cashgora, mohair, merino and yak) is described for the first time. In general the isolated DNA shows a length of more than 20 kbp. The species of the hair shaft samples could be exactly identified by DNA hybridization experiments. The isolated DNA from hair shafts allow new possibilities to identify species and individuals employing techniques from molecular biology. PMID- 3166748 TI - [Humoral response in Leishmania infantum clinical infections]. AB - We sought a specific humoral response in man in order to find an antigenic marker of Leishmania infantum infection. This study was carried out by the Western blot technique; 42 sera from human patients were analysed on a standard electrophoretic pattern (SDS-PAGE) of L. infantum antigens. Patient sera reacted specifically with 4 (160-, 140-, 94- and 79-Kd) antigens, and reactive antibodies were IgG. We suggest that these antigens may be used for diagnosis of L. infantum visceral leishmaniasis. PMID- 3166750 TI - The balance of useful and harmful effects of TNF, with special reference to malaria. PMID- 3166751 TI - 23rd forum in immunology. Non-specific lymphoid effectors: characterization and activation mechanisms. PMID- 3166749 TI - 22nd forum in immunology. The multiple roles of tumour necrosis factor. PMID- 3166753 TI - Mechanism of K562-induced human natural killer cell inactivation using highly enriched effector cells isolated via a new single-step sheep erythrocyte rosette assay. AB - In this study, we used preparations highly enriched in human natural killer (NK) cells to further characterize the mechanism of target-cell-induced NK inactivation. Highly enriched populations of NK cells were obtained by a newly developed, single-step sheep red blood cell rosette assay. This method, which did not require any incubation steps to facilitate cell contact, permitted a rapid and efficient isolation of NK cells from adherent-cell-depleted peripheral blood lymphocytes. The non-rosetted cells had high NK activity, possessed large granular lymphocyte (LGL) morphology and expressed the NK-associated antigens Leu 11a, Leu-7, OKM1 and NKH-1. In contrast, the rosetted cells had significantly lower NK activity, possessed typical lymphocyte morphology and expressed the T cell-associated marker OKT3. Next, we examined the ability of these NK-enriched effector cells (ECc) to become inactivated by K562. Functional studies revealed that ECc lost greater than or equal to 95% of their lytic capacity following incubation with K562 at a ratio of 2/1 for 6 h. However, to achieve this level of inactivation, it was essential that the cell suspension be gently mixed every 90 120 min. Inactivation was not due to cell death and did not reflect changes in the percentages of cells bearing the Leu-11a, Leu-7, OKM1 and NKH-1 antigens, but was associated with an increase in cell surface concentration of OKM1. As judged by gross morphology, the percentages of LGL in ECc before and after treatment with K562 were essentially the same. Finally, K562-treated ECc also lost their ability to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), suggesting that both NK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity and ADCC may involve a common lytic pathway. PMID- 3166752 TI - Regulation of the humoral immune response by polyspecific natural autoantibodies. AB - Two different BALB/c IgMk polyspecific monoclonal natural autoantibodies E7 and D23 were administered to neonatal BALB/c mice. When adults, these mice were immunized and challenged with calf myosin, BALB/c actin, human transferrin, calf thymus DNA or TNP-coupled bovine serum albumin (TNP/BSA), in complete Freund's adjuvant. The levels of serum antibody were evaluated by enzyme immunoassay. No differences in anti-actin, anti-transferrin and anti-DNA antibody titres were noted between control and antibody-treated mice. However, anti-myosin antibody titres significantly increased in mice treated with either the E7 or D23 antibody, and anti-TNP antibody titres significantly decreased in mice treated with E7 but not with D23. These differences persisted after antigenic challenge and involved only the IgG response of treated mice. These results suggest that polyspecific natural autoantibodies may be involved in the regulation of the humoral immune response. PMID- 3166754 TI - Permeability of the human round-window membrane to cationic ferritin. AB - An ultrastructural study was done in three sequential steps to determine if the human round-window membrane was permeable to macromolecules. Cationic ferritin was first placed for one hour in the round-window niche of two live rhesus monkeys. The same tracer was then placed in the same manner in two rhesus monkeys that had been dead for one hour. In both groups, cationic ferritin was observed to traverse the round-window membrane through pinocytotic vesicles into the scala tympani. After establishing that the transport capabilities of the round-window membrane of the monkey remained present one hour after death, cationic ferritin was placed for one hour in the round-window niche of two humans who had been dead for 30 minutes and one hour. The tracer was observed to traverse the round-window membrane through pinocytotic vesicles into the scala tympani in both humans. This report may be the first to document morphologically the permeability of human round-window membranes to macromolecules. PMID- 3166755 TI - Tumor necrosis factor in middle ear effusions. AB - The presence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was determined in middle ear effusions from 27 ears of children with chronic otitis media with effusion. Cytotoxic activity was assessed by quantitation of target (HeLa) cell death after incubation with the aspirate. Moderate cytotoxic activity was found in 17 of 27 samples (mean cell death of 53% and 32% at 1:2 and 1:4 dilutions, respectively). In ten (37%) of the middle ear effusion aspirates no cytotoxic activity was detected. To confirm that cytotoxicity was due to TNF, 13 of the samples with cytotoxic activity were incubated with a monoclonal anti-TNF antibody and retested. Cytotoxicity was blocked by the anti-TNF antibodies in all cases. Tumor necrosis factor, derived most probably from macrophages or mast cells in the middle ear, may mediate various pathologic processes associated with otitis media, such as generation of mucoid effusion, fibroblast proliferation, and bone resorption. PMID- 3166756 TI - Origin of the choanal polyp. AB - To study the origin of the choanal polyp, the maxillary sinus was surgically explored using a preservative technique. An antral cyst or a cystic rudiment, usually attached to the inferolateral aspect of the sinus wall, was disclosed in 15 patients with this condition. As a part of the choanal polyp, the antral cyst exhibited a macroarchitecture and microarchitecture identical to the structure of the common intramural cyst of the maxillary sinus as studied in nine patients. It is concluded that the choanal polyp develops from the expanding intramural cyst protruding through the maxillary ostium and into the nasal cavity. PMID- 3166757 TI - Insulinlike growth factor I immunoreactivity in nasal polyps. AB - Nasal polyps from 15 patients were all found to express increased insulinlike growth factor I immunoreactivity. A hypothesis for the formation of nasal polyps is described: macrophages, seen in allergic and infectious reactions, produce and release growth factors, tentatively including insulinlike growth factor I. In enclosed paranasal sinuses this results in an accumulation of insulinlike growth factor I stimulating the growth of both epithelium and blood vessels in the sinuses. The mucosa increasingly bulges out through the ostium after having filled out the sinusity. Continuing growth stimulation is supplied by the inflammatory reaction, endothelial cells in the polyp, and activated macrophages inside or outside the polyp. PMID- 3166758 TI - Measurement of interstitial tissue compliance in skin flaps. AB - Investigators speculate about the role of tissue pressure in skin flap necrosis as increased tissue pressure has been demonstrated to stop capillary blood flow in other conditions, both clinically and experimentally. Unfortunately, interstitial tissue pressure is difficult to measure by conventional methods. This article describes a new practical technique that measures interstitial tissue compliance as a correlate of interstitial tissue pressure. The instrument and method are described in detail. Tissue compliance was measured in normal dorsal skin and in modified McFarlane's skin flap in Sprague-Dawley rats. The skin flaps were measured at three sites (proximal, middle, and distal) at 2, 12, and 18 hours of age. The mean difference between the normal skin and all skin flaps was statistically significant. Within the skin flaps, there was a trend toward increased pressure with increasing age of the flap and distance from the flap base. These trends are statistically significant by the analysis of variance test. The data from this study support the validity of the technique and the hypothesis that increased interstitial tissue pressure is present in skin flaps. PMID- 3166759 TI - Wound tension in rhytidectomy. A preliminary report. AB - In superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAs) suspension procedures in rhytidectomy, skin closing tension seems to be lower at the main anchor points than with non-SMAS procedures. To evaluate this clinical impression, a preliminary investigation into the effect of SMAS suspension on wound closing tension was undertaken. Intraoperatively, skin closing tension was compared with and without SMAS plication sutures at the two key anterior and posterior skin anchor points. Results confirmed decreased tension with SMAS plication. Anteriorly in the temporal part of the scalp, a significant difference of 87 g was demonstrated. Posteriorly in the occipital hairline, a significant difference of 96 g was demonstrated. Individual differences in tension were more pronounced in patients with prominent SMAS laxity than in those patients with mild laxity. PMID- 3166760 TI - Compound pharyngeal myocutaneous flap. AB - Rehabilitation of major palatal ablative defects associated with lateral composite resection of the tonsil, base of tongue, and/or hemimandible is a difficult problem. Palatal reconstruction is described with emphasis on the compound medially based posterior pharyngeal, pectoralis major myocutaneous flap, which we have found to be an effective and reliable means of reconstructing these defects. PMID- 3166761 TI - Cystic parotid lesions in patients at risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Twenty-three patients at risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presented with cystic lesions of the parotid gland. Fourteen patients had unilateral parotid cysts and nine had bilateral enlargement. Ten patients were positive for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), three were negative for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus, and ten refused testing. Fine-needle aspiration cytology and computed tomography were helpful in making the diagnosis of benign lymphoepithelial cyst. Superficial parotidectomy confirmed the diagnosis. Concurrent malignancy (Kaposi's sarcoma) was diagnosed in one patient from a parotid specimen. Follow-up has ranged from four months to five years. PMID- 3166762 TI - Rigid internal fixation for fractures involving tooth-bearing maxillary segments. AB - Fracture dislocations of the middle third of the face usually involve a complex combination of the three types of fractures initially described by LeFort. Treatment of these injuries requires a six- to eight-week period of intermaxillary fixation, unless rigid internal fixation devices (plates and screws) are used to stabilize the fractures. However, rigid fixation carries the risk of producing a malunion and serious malocclusion if not performed correctly. A review of 22 patients with complex LeFort fractures treated with rigid fixation revealed that the only absolute contraindication to its use is difficulty in interdigitating the maxillary and mandibular teeth in a passive fashion at the time of fracture reduction. Rigid internal fixation should therefore be considered as an alternative treatment for most fractures of the middle third of the face. PMID- 3166763 TI - Anterior cricoid split, 1977-1987. Evolution of a technique. AB - Acquired subglottic stenosis is a well-documented complication of endotracheal intubation in infants. In past years, many of these patients required a tracheotomy for a period of years prior to laryngotracheal reconstruction. The anterior cricoid split procedure was developed as a method of treatment for severe laryngeal stenosis in infants and young children without resorting to a tracheotomy. An analysis of our institution's ten-year experience with 67 patients is presented, detailing the changes in surgical technique that have taken place over that time period. This is contrasted with alternative means of cricoid decompression advocated by other surgeons. Our review supports the efficacy of this procedure when there is strict adherence to certain criteria prior to the performance of the operation. Specifically, this operation should be restricted to neonates or young infants whose pathology is limited to the glottis and subglottis or both, and in whom there is adequate pulmonary reserve. PMID- 3166764 TI - Further experience with the myomucosal tracheoesophageal shunt. AB - A follow-up study to the initial work of Strome and colleagues in advancing the concept of the myomucosal flap for voicing following total laryngectomy is described. Data are evaluated from 30 patients. Seven of the eight original patients have functioning shunts with excellent voicing and six remain tumor free at more than two years. In the Laennec Hospital (Paris) series of 22 patients, seven shunts are functioning independently. Eleven of 20 inferiorly based flaps stenosed, and all stenoses occurred at the posterior tracheal wall. Technique refinements improved the patency percentage with the seven successes occurring in the last 13 procedures. Four patients in the series had flap necrosis, two of whom had diabetes mellitus and two others extensive paratracheal resections. The technique continues to merit consideration, recognizing that there is a learning curve before success can be anticipated. PMID- 3166765 TI - Rhinectomy for malignant disease. A 20-year experience. AB - In a 20-year experience with total rhinectomy for malignant disease, 27 of 51 patients had prior irradiation. In five patients, the tumor masqueraded as a dermatosis. Basal or squamous cell carcinomas were the usual histologic types (86%). There had been previous unsuccessful surgical therapy in 31 patients and radiation therapy in 17 patients. Twenty-two tumors recurred at a mean of 9.4 months after rhinectomy; 50% of these patients died. Despite rhinectomy, almost 25% (and 40% of patients with squamous cell carcinoma) died, usually of uncontrolled local disease. Results of surgical reconstruction after total rhinectomy were not satisfactory. In eight of 12 cases, attempts failed primarily or recurrent disease developed. Reconstruction should not be attempted before one year after rhinectomy, and use of a nasal prosthesis is the cornerstone of rehabilitation. Total rhinectomy is an oncologically sound operation for extensive nasal carcinoma. PMID- 3166766 TI - Needle aspiration of nonperitonsillar head and neck abscesses. A six-year experience. AB - Twenty-five patients with various head and neck abscesses have been managed with needle aspiration as the initial surgical modality over a six-year period. Twenty (83%) of 24 patients' abscesses resolved without formal surgical intervention. Patient 25 in the series whose abscess, though initially resolving, reaccumulated within two weeks requiring an incision and drainage. Recurrent cancer was then diagnosed. Eight of ten large-volume abscesses (over 10 mL) were controlled with needle aspiration. Fourteen patients required multiple aspirations, five of whom had indwelling catheters placed to facilitate abscess decompression. These data confirm that needle aspiration is an effective means of controlling nonperitonsillar abscesses of the head and neck. PMID- 3166767 TI - Persistent oral antral fistulas. AB - Oral antral fistulas that have been already subjected to previous attempts at closure have been difficult to treat. Gold foil, bony plugs, and other materials have been used for many years to close these fistulas. Because of all of the various techniques and materials used in this procedure, it has been vexing to evaluate their efficacy. Although the persistent fistula is a rare entity, the surgeons faced with treating this condition must understand the principles of flap closure. In six cases in which multiple attempts at oral antral fistula closure had failed, we used either bilateral or unilateral palatal flaps based on the posterior palatine artery. The patients have been followed up for ten years after surgery and can wear dentures if indicated. There has not been any recurrent fistulization in any of these cases. PMID- 3166768 TI - An accurate method of Teflon injection using functional phonosurgery. AB - A technique for Teflon injection is described that allows the laryngologist to assess vocal fold vibration during general anesthesia. A tracheostomy tube fitted with a rostral air line allows translaryngeal airflow. During endoscopy with a bivalved laryngoscope, the cords are approximated manually. Vocal fold vibration is produced with the cords adducted. The precise site of defects in glottic closure is clearly seen and corrected with Teflon injection. In cases where standard Teflon injection has failed, utilization of this method has allowed substantial voice improvement. The ability to assess vibratory function of the vocal folds during direct suspension laryngoscopy enhances the precision of vocal fold augmentation techniques in difficult rehabilitation cases. PMID- 3166769 TI - Hypertrophic scarring of tracheoesophageal fistula causing vocal failure. AB - There are many known complications of tracheoesophageal puncture for voice restoration. A patient developed hypertrophic scarring with subsequent vocal failure, an as yet unreported complication. PMID- 3166770 TI - Hypopharyngeal stenosis and fistulas. Use of the radial forearm flap. AB - The radial forearm flap is a thin, pliable, and well-vascularized fasciocutaneous flap. The forearm flap is, in selected cases, along with the pediculated regional and distant musculocutaneous flaps, a versatile method for pharyngeal reconstruction. We describe the use of the flap in nine clinical cases of hypopharyngeal stenosis and fistulas. The advantages of this method for hypopharyngeal reconstruction are presented. PMID- 3166771 TI - Pathologic quiz case 2. Malignant lymphoma, diffuse large-cell type. PMID- 3166772 TI - Pathologic quiz case 1. Leiomyosarcoma. PMID- 3166773 TI - Cholesterol granulomas of petrous apex. PMID- 3166774 TI - Otogenic reflex cough: implanted hair in the bony external auditory canal. PMID- 3166775 TI - [Influence of a high-protein diet on corticosterone and aldosterone in the growing rat]. PMID- 3166776 TI - Observations about the early metameric segmentation of the paraxial structures in vertebral development. PMID- 3166777 TI - [Hygienic conditions of some springs near Rome]. PMID- 3166778 TI - [Differential concentration of microorganisms in molluscs]. PMID- 3166779 TI - [First sign of isolation of filamentous bacteria in a network for the distribution of potable water]. PMID- 3166780 TI - Somatosensory evoked potentials by median nerve stimulation in rabbits. II. Normative data of surface recordings. PMID- 3166781 TI - [Mutagenic activity of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, produced during the nitrosation of dimethophrine, in V 79 cells]. PMID- 3166782 TI - [Prevention and protection against oxygen free radical damage in hyperbaric oxygen therapy]. PMID- 3166784 TI - [Immunological induction of multiple gestation and variations in blood chemistry in sheep]. PMID- 3166783 TI - [Plasma and urinary levels of oxalate in lambs fed exclusively on Oxalis cernua]. PMID- 3166785 TI - Tissue organization of the sclerotome in chick embryo. PMID- 3166786 TI - [Total blood lipids and lipoproteins in sheep fed Pistacia lentiscus drupe]. PMID- 3166787 TI - [Chitosan. Biochemical structural characteristics and bio-morphology]. PMID- 3166788 TI - Low power energy laser and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 3166789 TI - The "metabolic burst" in polymorphonuclear leukocytes: in vitro reduction by scale extract of psoriasis. PMID- 3166790 TI - Chromosome studies on human lymphocytes following treatment with radioactive iodine in vitro. PMID- 3166791 TI - Studies on heterocyclic compounds: indol-2,3-dione derivatives. IX. 5-Bromoisatin 3-imines. PMID- 3166792 TI - Studies on heterocyclic compounds: 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones from Schiff bases. PMID- 3166793 TI - Serum HGH, PRL and energetic fuel (glucose and FFA) levels during an endurance athletic race. PMID- 3166794 TI - [Placental barrier and its structural modulations. Morpho-functional aspects]. PMID- 3166796 TI - [Analysis and importance of levels of caffeine and theophylline in cord blood of premature newborn infants]. PMID- 3166795 TI - Endoneurial vessels of rat sciatic nerve: ultrastructural and morphometric study. PMID- 3166797 TI - Location predilection of intramuscularly transplanted Yoshida ascites tumor cells. PMID- 3166798 TI - [Relationship between various antioxidant systems in hepatic cells during bromobenzene poisoning]. PMID- 3166799 TI - Perceptions of mental retardation and mental illness. AB - College undergraduates were asked the degree to which they believed certain behaviors and characteristics are present in mentally retarded and mentally ill persons. Comparisons of responses showed that subjects clearly differentiated the concepts, although several areas overlapped. Mental retardation was characterized by physical stigmata and brain damage, developmental delays, and cognitive deficits; mental illness, by emotional lability due to environmental, hereditary, or mixed factors. How knowledge of people's perceptions of these disorders is essential for a more complete understanding of reactions to group homes, mainstreaming, and other "normalized" placements was discussed. PMID- 3166800 TI - Intelligence-related differences in learning and transfer and enhancement of transfer among mentally retarded persons. AB - Prompted learning and transfer were compared for mildly retarded, average achieving, and above-average children ranging in age from 11.3 to 16.0 years. They learned a strategy for computing moments on balance scale conflict problems with the aid of a graduated sequence of prompts. Maintenance and transfer were assessed one week later using similar prompting procedures. Retarded children required more assistance than did nonretarded children to learn and to transfer the trained strategy. The provision of an additional training session, however, improved retarded children's maintenance and somewhat improved their transfer. The ability-related differences in learning and transfer and the means to improve retarded children's transfer were discussed in light of current conceptions of intelligence and metacognition. PMID- 3166801 TI - Oddity learning in developmentally delayed children: facilitation by means of familiar stimuli. AB - Four of 8 low-functioning, developmentally delayed children initially failed to demonstrate oddity responding under conditions in which ostensibly similar children did show oddity responding (e.g., Soraci et al., 1987). In the context of a multiple baseline across-subjects design, each of the 4 previously unsuccessful children demonstrated statistically significant increases in the percentage of correct oddity responses immediately upon introduction of familiar stimuli. These results indicate that perceptual differentiation enhances relational learning of the type required by the oddity task. PMID- 3166802 TI - Correlates of stress, perceived competence, and depression among family care providers. AB - Correlates of three coping outcomes among individuals providing family care homes for mentally retarded residents were investigated. A sample of 104 home providers completed a set of questionnaires providing information on demographic characteristics, client characteristics, clarity of role expectations, neighbor attitudes, training, and social support. These factors were used to predict stress, perceptions of competence, and depression. Social support was the most powerful predictor of stress and perceptions of competence. Negative neighbor attitudes were associated with both stress and lower self-confidence, whereas the presence of a handicapped person in the home provider's family predicted self perception of competence. Home provider age was the best predictor of depression. PMID- 3166803 TI - Childcare responsibilities, peer relations, and sibling conflict: older siblings of mentally retarded children. AB - Household and childcare responsibilities, peer contacts, and out-of-home activities of older same-sex siblings of mentally retarded children as compared to a group of matched nonhandicapped children were examined. Older siblings of retarded children, particularly older sisters, assumed multiple caretaking responsibilities. For these siblings, increased childcare responsibilities were associated with sibling conflict and decreased opportunities for peer contacts and out-of-home activities. As a group, however, siblings of retarded children did not differ from their agemates in frequency of contact with friends or participation in out-of-home activities. Retarded younger siblings had less contact with friends than did their nonhandicapped agemates. Within-group differences appeared to be more important in understanding sibling risk status than whether the child had a younger retarded sibling. PMID- 3166804 TI - Analysis of employment specialist intervention time in supported competitive employment. AB - Results of an initial analysis of the employment specialist intervention time provided to consumers in supported competitive employment programs operated by the Rehabilitation Research and Training Center (RRTC) at Virginia Commonwealth University over 8 years was described. Analyses focused on the amount of staff intervention time provided as a percentage of the total number of hours worked by a consumer each week and a comparison of the amount of intervention time provided to two subsamples. Results indicated that consumers previously classified moderately or severely mentally retarded did not require a significantly greater amount of intervention time than those previously classified as borderline or mildly retarded during the first year of employment. PMID- 3166805 TI - Combined effect of xylitol, NaF and ZnCl2 on growth and metabolism of Streptococcus sobrinus OMZ 176. AB - Xylitol, NaF and ZnCl2 in combination inhibited the growth of S. Sobrinus OMZ 176 when added to Brain Heart Infusion broth. Thin-layer chromatography, followed by autoradiography of cell extracts, was used to study the inhibiting mechanism. Glucose uptake was reduced, the glycolysis inhibited at the glucose 6-phosphate- and fructose- 1.6-diphosphate level and the accumulation of xylitol metabolites was increased. These effects in combination probably accounted for the inhibition of growth. PMID- 3166806 TI - The significance of 3H-thymidine degradation in cell culture experiments with special reference to rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The degradation of 3H-thymidine under various cell culture conditions was analysed. It was found that a half of 3H-thymidine was degraded to 3H-thymine during 24 hours in PHA stimulation of blood lymphocytes. A control culture in which PHA was not added also caused 3H-thymidine degradation. 3H-thymidine degradation was prevented by adding 5-nitrouracil to the incubation medium at a concentration of 0.577 mg/ml. At the same time 5-NU increased 3H-thymidine incorporation into lymphocytes by 47%. 5-NU also eliminated the inhibitory effect of rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue eluate on PHA stimulation. In addition 5 NU and nonradioactive thymine increased the 3H-thymidine labelling index of fresh rheumatoid arthritis synovial membrane biopsies, and also more of the isotope was accumulated in the individual cells of the membrane. These studies demonstrate that 3H-thymidine degradation is an important phenomenon in cell cultures and that it can be prevented effectively by using 5-nitrouracil with 3H-thymidine. PMID- 3166807 TI - Characterization of bladder tumours by multiparameter flow cytometry with special reference to grade II tumours. AB - Sixty-three human transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder were studied by multiparameter flow cytometry (FCM). The cellular DNA content, the cellular protein content, the fraction of cells in S phase, and the nuclear size were registered and correlated to histological grade (WHO) and histologically determined infiltration through the basement membrane. Aneuploidy was found in the great majority of grade III tumours, but in only 24% of grade II tumours. A new, combined variable, viz. the cellular DNA to protein ratio, indicated a possibility for further subdivision of the tumours. Grade II tumours, which constitute a rather heterogeneous group with regard to prognosis, could be classified in two subgroups: One group of diploid tumours with the FCM characteristics of grade I tumours, and another group of diploid and aneuploid tumours with the characteristics of grade III tumours. Infiltration was most frequently seen in the latter subgroup. The putative prognostic relevance of such a subdivision will be the subject of a future study. Compared to FCM measurement of DNA alone, multiparameter FCM, including measurement of the total cellular protein content, has given additional information that may be of prognostic value. PMID- 3166808 TI - Resistance to avirulent Toxoplasma gondii in normal and vaccinated rats. AB - Investigation of the innate resistance to infection with Toxoplasma gondii showed that the Toxoplasma-hostile factor present in rats has an important lytic effect on the parasites but is unable to prevent an infection alone. Vaccination experiments showed that innate resistance was also related to specific immunity, which appeared faster in rats than in rodents with less innate resistance. Complete resistance to toxoplasmosis was only present in rats vaccinated with live parasites. In rats vaccinated with killed parasites, avirulent parasites were able to encyst themselves almost as readily as in unvaccinated rats. PMID- 3166809 TI - Alveolar and poorly differentiated rhabdomyosarcoma. A clinicopathologic, light microscopic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis. AB - Eighteen poorly differentiated, small and dark cell malignancies afflicting young individuals without light-microscopic evidence of a rhabdomyoblastic differentiation or a growth pattern characteristic of rhabdomyosarcoma were analyzed and compared with a series of 30 alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas of varying differentiation, where the diagnosis could be established light-microscopically. The study comprised clinical data, light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, using a battery of mono- and polyclonal antibodies against intermediate filaments, myoglobin, epithelial membrane antigen, neuron-specific enolase, S-100 and leucocyte common antigen. All 30 alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas were positive for desmin, while a minority were positive for myoglobin, using monoclonal antibodies. In 8 of the 18 small and dark cell malignancies, support for a rhabdomyoblastic differentiation was obtained by a positive staining for desmin. In only 3 of these 8 cases was there ultrastructural evidence of rhabdomyosarcoma. The results of the investigation indicate that immunohistochemistry is a more useful tool than electron microscopy in the diagnosis of poorly differentiated rhabdomyosarcoma and that the criteria for the diagnosis of poorly differentiated rhabdomyosarcoma may need to be reformulated. PMID- 3166810 TI - Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum in Denmark. AB - Only a limited number of cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) developed in the colon and rectum have been described in the world literature. This study represents the first population-based study of this rare cancer. Sixteen patients with primary SCC of the rectum diagnosed in the period 1978-1983 were identified from the Danish Cancer Registry. Eleven patients were excluded after revision of the histological specimens because the SCC in these cases were in connection with the squamous epithelium of the anal canal. SCC of the rectum in Denmark in the period 1978-1983 thus constituted 0.06% and 0.11% of the histologically verified rectal tumours in men and women, respectively. Case reports on these cases are given. One of the two males was homosexual and the other had never been married or lived with a woman. It is concluded that our findings support the hypothesis proposed by Austin that there may be an association between the frequency of anal intercourse and occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum. PMID- 3166812 TI - Single-case studies in amnesia: new techniques and applications. PMID- 3166811 TI - Immune functions in inflammatory bowel and coeliac diseases. AB - Different immune functions of 10 patients with glutein-sensitive enteropathy (GSE), 9 with Crohn's disease (CD), 11 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 13 healthy controls were characterized. The numbers of suppressor T cells in GSE were comparable to those of the controls; otherwise, the lymphocyte subpopulations were decreased in these bowel diseases. In the whole-blood cultures, the lymphocyte proliferative responses to PHA were normal in the bowel diseases, but the responses to Con A were decreased in CD. In cultures with D penicillamine, the inhibition of the helper effect of CD patients was more pronounced in PHA-stimulated cultures than in Con A-stimulated cultures. The total Ig and IgA production did not markedly differ among the groups. PWM-induced IgM secretion was significantly decreased in GSE, CD and UC, and IgG secretion in CD and UC, as compared to controls. In GSE, an increased Con A inducible suppressor cell activity was observed in the IgM production. Altogether, no clear cut immunological imbalance was detected in any of the bowel diseases; this in agreement with previous works. However, there are some differences in the regulatory cell balance among the patients with GSE, CD and UC. The determination of lymphocyte proliferative responses to PHA and Con A together with D penicillamine seems to provide a new immunological criterium for distinguishing between Chrohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. PMID- 3166813 TI - Amnesia and second language learning. AB - The ability of an anterograde amnesic C.S. to learn a second language is assessed. First, her claim that she learned Italian while amnesic was examined in a series of formal tests of Italian. Second, C.S. and her husband were tutored in French and her acquisition was compared to that of her husband's. Third, C.S.'s ability to learn other kinds of verbal material with practice was investigated. The implications of C.S.'s apparent ability to learn a second language in the presence of a severe deficit for memory for other kinds of verbal material is discussed. PMID- 3166814 TI - Memory and awareness in a patient with multiple personality disorder. AB - We studied an individual with multiple personality disorder in whom each of several personalities claimed to have no direct awareness of the others and to be unable to consciously remember the experiences of other personalities. A broad selection of implicit and explicit memory tests was used to determine the extent to which one personality had access to knowledge acquired by another and the circumstances in which that knowledge would be expressed. The implicit assessment of memory was a necessary but not sufficient condition for demonstrating interpersonality access. The degree of compartmentalization of knowledge in this patient depended largely on whether the interpretation of presented information was likely to differ across personalities. PMID- 3166815 TI - Severe remote memory loss with minimal anterograde amnesia: a clinical note. AB - We describe a patient who presented with apparent human Kluver-Bucy syndrome. After pharmacological treatment, his problems gradually resolved, with the exception of some unconcern about this present situation, a mild naming and word list generation deficit, a severe remote memory loss and, in comparison, a minimal anterograde memory disturbance. He has been able to relearn certain details of his personal past. These relearned memories are independent of a sense of personal intimacy. The "relearned memory" was frequently associated with a memory of how and when the information had been reacquired. The results suggest that anterograde and retrograde memory functions may, in at least certain patients, be dissociable. The apparently absolute loss of personal memories indicates that either a retrieval deficit or storage depletion are plausible hypotheses of the remote memory loss in this patient. PMID- 3166816 TI - Priming of semantic autobiographical knowledge: a case study of retrograde amnesia. AB - The case of a 36-year-old man who suffers dense retrograde and anterograde amnesia as a result of closed-head injury that caused extensive damage to his left frontal-parietal and right parieto-occipital lobes is described. Patient K.C. has normal intelligence and relatively well-preserved perceptual, linguistic, short-term memory, and reasoning abilities. He possesses some fragmentary general knowledge about his autobiographical past, but he does not remember a single personal event or happening from any time of his life. He has some preserved expert knowledge related to the work he did for 3 years before the onset of amnesia, although he has no personal recollections from that period. Some features of K.C.'s retrograde amnesia can be interpreted in terms of the distinction between episodic and semantic memory, and in terms of the distinction between episodic and semantic autobiographical knowledge. K.C.'s semantic knowledge, but not his episodic knowledge, showed progressive improvement, or priming, in the course of the investigation. PMID- 3166817 TI - Semantic, episodic, and autobiographical memory in a postmeningitic amnesic patient. AB - This study is concerned with the semantic and episodic memory performance of a highly intelligent and intellectually unimpaired patient, K.J., who became amnesic following meningitis. Although densely amnesic he showed unimpaired performance on tests of vocabulary and verbal fluency, while both speed and accuracy on semantic category judgment and sentence verification tests are unimpaired. It is concluded that semantic memory performance may be intact despite dense amnesia. However, this does not necessarily imply separate semantic and episodic memory systems. K.J. showed an impaired capacity for registering new material in semantic memory, and apparently normal autobiographical memory for events occurring well before his illness. The simplest interpretation of our results would therefore appear to be in terms of the sparing of old and overlearned memories rather than the specific preservation of semantic memory. PMID- 3166818 TI - Impaired acquisition of temporal information in retrosplenial amnesia. AB - In this paper we describe the performance of an amnesic with a left retrosplenial lesion on three memory tasks assessing his ability to judge when a previously learned event had occurred. This patient was dramatically impaired in acquiring temporal information about new stimuli, and this defect could not be attributed to recognition failures or to frontal lobe dysfunction. In contrast to his impaired acquisition of temporal information, he had no difficulty judging the temporal order of remote historical events. The pattern of performance displayed by this patient suggests a specific defect in "time-tagging" of new incoming information. PMID- 3166819 TI - Preserved topographical memory following right temporal lobectomy. AB - In an attempt to study remote memory for visuospatial information, geographical knowledge was examined in patient J.N., who had received a radical right temporal lobectomy to remove a large glioblastoma. In postoperative tests J.N. displayed severe deficits in anterograde memory for visuospatial and verbal material, visuoperceptual functions, constructions, attention, and response initiation. Despite her global cognitive deficiencies she performed normally on the WAIS Information Scale and the Fargo Map Test, a measure of geographical knowledge. In contrast, patients known to have severe amnesia exhibited impairments on tests of geographical knowledge that required precise localization of features such as cities. Assuming that J.N.'s performance is typical of patients with extensive damage to the right temporal lobe, the findings suggest that the integrity of the right temporal lobe is not essential for the retrieval of premorbidly established visuospatial memories. PMID- 3166820 TI - Selective sparing of memory functioning in a patient with amnesia following herpes encephalitis. AB - A patient with amnesia subsequent to herpes encephalitis was assessed on a series of tasks which have been shown to result in normal or near normal performance by amnesic subjects. On a pursuit rotor learning task, our patient performed normally, and continued to show evidence of memory for the skill after a period of 30 days. On a perceptual learning task, which involved the identification of line drawings, he also displayed evidence of learning and long-term retention, but his performance remained below that of control subjects. In two priming experiments, which employed a "case-control" paradigm, performance on homonym spelling and category item-generation tasks was preceded by exposure to a selected list of words. There was no evidence of differential facilitation in respect of those words used in the initial priming task. The findings point to some degree of selectivity of preserved learning capabilities in amnesia. It is hypothesized that this selectivity may be determined by several variables, including the type of task, the etiology and site of pathology, and the severity of amnesia. PMID- 3166821 TI - Learning of a complex arithmetic skill in amnesia: evidence for a dissociation between compilation and production. AB - Two patients with severe amnesia following rupture of anterior communicating artery aneurysms were able to learn a complex algorithm for mentally squaring two digit numbers. Although both patients learned the algorithm at a similar rate, one patient's improvement was accounted for by savings in the steps of the algorithm. The other patient, however, showed little improvement in the steps while performance of the whole algorithm improved dramatically. Neither patient showed savings in the Hebb Digit Span procedure. The results suggested a dissociation between amnesics in their capacity to learn the constituent "productions" or steps of a skill and their capacity to organize those productions into a single coherent act. PMID- 3166822 TI - The development of a comprehensive, institution-based patient risk evaluation program: I. Development, content, and data management. AB - There is a need for standardization of risk factor questionnaires for epidemiological research. This paper describes the development and implementation of a comprehensive cancer risk evaluation program at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. A detailed self-administered questionnaire is given to all newly registered adult patients. The format of the instrument, coding systems, quality control measures, and data entry mechanisms are discussed. The criteria for the choice of a data base management system are outlined. The identification of high-risk patient subgroups is possible, and it is feasible to link this data base with clinical and biochemical data. There is considerable potential for collaborative research using this risk evaluation program, bringing together basic scientists, clinicians, and epidemiologists. PMID- 3166823 TI - The development of a comprehensive, institution-based patient risk evaluation program: II. Validity and reliability of questionnaire data. AB - The accuracy of historical information derived from self-administered questionnaires must be confirmed. We report the results of studies conducted to assess the reliability and validity of data collected from a comprehensive cancer risk factor questionnaire developed at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. A comparison of the basic demographic data of a randomly selected sample of 80 respondents and 70 nonrespondents revealed no fundamental ethnic or socioeconomic differences. We verified self-reported past illnesses, surgical procedures, and cancers by reviewing 72 patient charts, using stringent diagnostic criteria for verification. We noted substantial agreement between self reported and documented illnesses and operations. With the exception of nine patients who misclassified metastatic disease, the verification of primary cancers was excellent. We determined reliability by interviewing 50 of these patients by telephone. Questions with a dichotomous outcome (e.g., smoking status) were reliably answered; however, those requiring quantification (e.g., amount of alcohol consumed) were less accurately reported on interview. While we recognize the limitations of self-administered questionnaires, we believe this program will develop into a comprehensive, standardized, easily accessible patient risk factor data base. PMID- 3166824 TI - Predictors of dietary change in Mexican American families participating in a health behavior change program. AB - Previous research indicates that Mexican Americans have dietary patterns related to cardiovascular disease risk factors. Research on health beliefs in this ethnic group suggests that Mexican Americans may be less amenable to interventions based on cognitive-behavioral change models. Our study derives from the experience in a community trial, the San Diego Family Health Project, in which Mexican American families were recruited for a structured heart health intervention program. We examined correlations between one-year dietary change scores (three-day sodium, three-day fat, 24-hour sodium, 24-hour fat) and a set of predictor variables derived from social learning theory. Both adults and children had lower intake scores after the intervention, except for children's 24-hour sodium scores. Our correlational analysis found only weak and somewhat inconsistent relationships between theoretically based predictor and outcome variables for adults. The children's results showed statistically significant correlations between two theoretical variables (self-efficacy and supporting others' dietary change) and three-day fat and 24-hour sodium intake. We discuss the implications for cardiovascular disease risk reduction interventions with Mexican Americans. PMID- 3166825 TI - Controlled trial of a time-efficient method of health promotion. AB - Integrating health promotion into daily clinical practice is a challenging undertaking. This project was a prospective trial of a brief physician intervention program, performed as part of routine patient care, that addressed six areas of patients' lifestyle risks (nutrition, exercise, alcohol use, smoking, stress, and seat belt use). The components of the program were lifestyle assessment, physician prescription of lifestyle change, and educational materials. Patients visiting a family practice residency model office for any reason were selected to receive all program components, parts of the program, or no program components. Lifestyle behavior changes over the ensuing four-week period were measured for all groups by a structured phone interview. Patients who received one or more components of the program reported significantly more change at follow-up than those who received no program components (P = .001); the greatest change was seen in the group that received all of the program components. Demographic variables that were significantly related to a higher degree of change were female sex, previous contact with the physician, and being married. In this sample age, income, and education were not related to behavior change. Motivation to change--an expressed desire to work on a given lifestyle area--was a stronger predictor of change than any demographic variable. PMID- 3166826 TI - Motor vehicle traffic accident mortality in Canada, 1921-1984. AB - The analysis of motor vehicle traffic accident mortality through the use of cross sectional and secular death rates indicates that motor vehicle traffic accident death rates increased over all age and sex groups from 1921 to 1970. Each generation, defined as a birth cohort, experienced successively higher motor vehicle traffic accident mortality rates until the 1970s. The most striking increase occurred among youths 15-24 years of age. Motor vehicle traffic accidents were responsible for 518,488 hospital days in Canadian hospitals in 1981-82. Approximately 47% of the days involved youths below the age of 25. Among youths in the 15-24 age group, about 30% of the hospital separations attributable to motor vehicle traffic accidents involved head injuries. Between 1970 and 1984, motor vehicle traffic accident mortality rates declined in all age groups. The possible reasons for the decline and the current pattern of motor vehicle traffic accident mortality are discussed in terms of the implications for hospital utilization and the prevalence of disability. PMID- 3166827 TI - Epidemiologists in the United States: an assessment of the current supply and the anticipated need. AB - We provide 1985 estimates of the work force of epidemiologists in the United States, the number of graduates from training programs in epidemiology, and a projection of the future need for these health professionals. Our methods included a search of mailing lists from professional organizations, mail contact with graduate training programs, telephone interviews with experts, and a review of job announcements in professional journals. The study indicates that the current work force of epidemiologists in the United States is estimated to include 4,600 persons, more than half of whom are physicians; most epidemiologists are located in either a state with a major federal public health agency or one with a large population; and programs in epidemiology graduate an average of 475 persons with one or two years of master's level education and approximately 80 with doctoral-level education each year. After considering the factors that influence the supply of epidemiologists, we project a substantial need for more epidemiologists in the future than current sources will provide. PMID- 3166828 TI - Behind the AIDS mailer. PMID- 3166829 TI - The effects of chronic vitamin D deficiency on the skeleton in the adult rabbit. AB - Albino rabbits were fed a 1.0% Ca, 0.5% P, vitamin D-deficient diet for 11.7 to 31.3 mo. Control rabbits were fed either this diet with the addition of 2.2 units/gm of vitamin D3 or a standard laboratory rabbit ration. Serum levels of 25 OH-D and 1,25-(OH)2D were both undetectable in all vitamin D-deficient rabbits but were present at levels typically found in other species in the control rabbits. Vitamin D deficiency resulted in elevated serum PTH values but did not produce significant changes in serum Ca levels, femur length, femur ash weight to body weight ratio, or tibial breaking strength. The vitamin D-deficient rabbits could be readily separated into two distinct subgroups. Four of these rabbits were normophosphatemic (P = 3.7 +/- 0.4 mg/dl) whereas the other five were severely hypophosphatemic (P = 0.8 +/- 0.2 mg/dl). During the last 10 days of the study the control and normophosphatemic vitamin D-deficient rabbits were in positive Ca and zero P balance. The hypophosphatemic vitamin D-deficient rabbits were in zero Ca and negative P balance. This negative P balance resulted from a net intestinal secretion, as urinary P excretion was negligible. Femur ash weight as a percentage of dry weight was decreased in hypophosphatemic but not the normophosphatemic vitamin D-deficient rabbits. Histomorphometric analyses indicated the bones from the normophosphatemic vitamin D-deficient rabbits were normal. In contrast, vertebral trabecular bone from the hypophosphatemic rabbits contained large amounts of osteoid that was not mineralizing, as indicated by a failure to take up the fluorescent label calcein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3166830 TI - Role of prostaglandins in bone resorption in a synchronized remodeling sequence in the rat. AB - The role of prostaglandins (PGs) in physiological remodeling has not yet been defined. The present study was undertaken to determine whether they intervene during the activation phase in a highly reproducible and synchronized model of bone remodeling. Indomethacin was employed to inhibit PG synthesis. This treatment throughout the entire activation period (4 days in this model) inhibited osteoclastic resorption completely. By modifying the treatment procedure, it appeared that PGs were operative mainly between the second and third day of activation. PGs did not seem to act on precursor recruitment, since off-bone osteoclasts (putatively inactive cells) were numerous in the treated groups. PGs might also be involved in osteoclast activity as the mean interface between osteoclasts and bone surface was reduced in the treated groups. However, indomethacin was unable to inhibit the remodeling sequence durably since a 6-day treatment resulted in a high profile of resorption. This suggests that factors other than PGs were responsible for activating resorption. PMID- 3166831 TI - Mineralization in osteoblast cultures: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - Osteoblasts isolated mechanically from newborn mouse calvaria produced a calcified matrix when cultured in the presence of 10 mM beta-glycerophosphate or 3 mM inorganic phosphate. The uncalcified matrix revealed numerous matrix vesicles scattered among collagen fibrils. The calcified matrix showed mineralized collagen fibrils and calcified nodules whose underlying organic matrix was detected after decalcification. These structures resembled those described in fetal and woven bone. In partially decalcified areas, calcification was shown to spread out from these structures along collagen fibrils. Alkaline phosphatase activity was found associated with the plasma membrane and matrix vesicles. X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that the mineral phase deposited in culture was hydroxyapatite. These observations which demonstrate that the isolated cells elaborate in culture a mineralized matrix with chemical and ultrastructural properties of woven bone further support the osteoblastic nature of the cells. PMID- 3166832 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of bone nodules formed in vitro by isolated fetal rat calvaria cells. AB - When cells enzymatically digested from 21 d fetal rat calvaria are grown in ascorbic acid and Na beta-glycerophosphate, they form discrete three-dimensional nodular structures with the histological and immunohistochemical appearance of woven bone. The present investigation was undertaken to verify that bone-like features were identifiable at the ultrastructural level. The nodules formed on top of a fibroblast-like multilayer of cells. The upper surface of the nodules was lined by a continuous layer of cuboidal osteoblastic cells often seen to be joined by adherens junctions. Numerous microvilli, membrane protrusions, and coated pits could be seen on the upper surface of these cells, their cytoplasm contained prominent RER and Golgi membranes, and processes extended from their lower surfaces into a dense, highly organized collagenous matrix. Some osteocyte like cells were completely embedded within this matrix; they also displayed RER and prominent processes which extended through the matrix and often made both adherens and gap junctional contacts with the processes of other cells. The fibroblastic cells not participating in nodule formation were surrounded by a less dense collagenous matrix and, in contrast to the matrix of the nodules, it did not mineralize. An unmineralized osteoid-like layer was seen directly below the cuboidal top layer of cells. A mineralization front was detectable below this in which small, discrete structures resembling matrix vesicles and feathery mineral crystals were evident and frequently associated with the collagen fibrils. More heavily mineralized areas were seen further into the nodule. Electron microprobe and electron and X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the mineral to be hydroxyapatite.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3166833 TI - Chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived cells by bone-inductive factor. AB - Rat bone marrow cells were intraperitoneally implanted within a diffusion chamber with a decalcified bone matrix or a 4 M guanidine hydrochloride extracted matrix (G-res) as control. The chamber was harvested after 28 days and soft X-ray photography, histological examination, determination of alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content were performed. With the decalcified bone matrix, cartilage and bone formation was observed and both alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content were significantly higher than those in control chambers. Each chromatographic fraction on Sephacryl S-200 of the 4 M guanidine hydrochloride extract (G-ext) from the decalcified bone matrix was reconstituted with G-res and implanted either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally within a diffusion chamber with marrow cells. Intrachamber or subcutaneous cartilage and bone formation was detected by only one chromatographic fraction. When marrow derived fibroblast-like cells were implanted intraperitoneally within a diffusion chamber with a decalcified bone matrix, cartilage and bone formation was detected, which was not the case with G-res. These results suggest that a certain factor, probably bone morphogenetic protein, which induces ectopic bone formation, allows marrow cells to differentiate into bone and cartilage tissues and there may exist so-called "inducible osteoprogenitor cells" in the marrow derived fibroblast-like cell preparation. PMID- 3166834 TI - Differential expression of phenotype by resting zone and growth region costochondral chondrocytes in vitro. AB - This study establishes an in vitro model for examining endochondral cartilage cell metabolism. Chondrocytes derived from the resting cell zone and adjacent growth zone of rat costochondral cartilage were compared for retention of phenotype in culture. At third passage confluence, two cell populations differ morphologically and biochemically. Resting zone cells are fibroblast-like, with smooth cell membranes and little rough endoplasmic reticulum. Growth zone cells are more polygonal, smaller in diameter, with numerous cytoplasmic extensions of the plasma membranes and abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum. Both cell populations produce matrix vesicles that are comparable morphologically to matrix vesicles isolated enzymatically from epiphyseal cartilage. While membrane vesicles are released into the media by cells derived from the resting zone as well as from the growth cartilage, alkaline phosphatase activity is enriched in media vesicles produced by growth cartilage cells. Alkaline phosphatase enriched vesicles appear to be preferentially incorporated into the extracellular matrix. Both the plasma membrane marker enzyme activity and the membrane phospholipid composition are differentially expressed in matrix vesicles and plasma membranes and are cell specific. Matrix vesicles produced by resting zone cells are enriched in alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, ouabain sensitive Na+/K+ ATPase and cardiolipin when compared to the cell membrane. In addition, the plasma membranes of these cells contain more phosphatidylcholine plus sphingomyelin than do growth cartilage plasma membranes. Resting zone cell matrix vesicles have less phosphatidylethanolamine than do vesicles from growth cartilage cultures. Matrix vesicles produced by growth cartilage cells contain one proteolipid at 43,000 Mr which comigrates with plasma membrane proteolipid and an additional proteolipid at approximately 3,000 Mr. These data indicate that both cells retain differential expression of phenotype in culture and that one expression of this phenotype is production of specific extracellular matrix vesicles. PMID- 3166835 TI - Iliac crest trabecular bone volume as predictor for vertebral compressive strength, ash density and trabecular bone volume in normal individuals. AB - Whole vertebral bodies (L2) and cylindrical trabecular bone samples from the central part of the first lumbar vertebral body (L1) were obtained from 42 normal individuals aged 15-87 years (27 females and 15 males). These bone samples were analyzed by a compression test, and maximum load and stress values were calculated from the load deformation curves. After the compression the ash density of the samples was estimated. For histomorphometric measurements trabecular bone samples from L1 (n = 42) and from the iliac crest (n = 25) were embedded undecalcified, cut in 8 microns sections and stained with Masson trichrome. Trabecular bone volume (TBV) was measured by means of point counting. A significant and parallel age-related decrease in TBV was found in the iliac crest and in the vertebral trabecular bone specimens (p less than 0.001). Highly significant positive correlations were observed between iliac crest TBV and the quantitative vertebral parameters: TBV and ash density (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, the iliac crest TBV was significantly correlated to the qualitative vertebral strength parameters: Vertebral trabecular bone stress, whole vertebral body stress and whole vertebral body load (p less than 0.001). Multiple regression analyses revealed that the vertebral trabecular bone strength was unrelated to bone volume when the influence of age was considered but significantly inversely correlated to age when bone volume was taken into account. This indicates that age-related structural changes other than bone mass affect the vertebral bone strength strongly. PMID- 3166836 TI - Brisk walking does not stop bone loss in postmenopausal women. AB - The rate of loss of spinal trabecular mineral density (TMD) in postmenopausal women, 49-64 years, was measured during a 52 week walking program. The 8 women who walked were 5.6 +/- 4.4 years past menopause (mean +/- SD) compared to 6.5 +/ 5.1 for 9 nonwalkers. Walkers participated in a progressive walking program for 15-40 min at a heart rate of between 60-85% of maximal age adjusted heart rate, 3 days per week for 52 weeks. Spinal trabecular mineral density was measured using quantitative computed tomography at entry, 6 and 12 months. Pre-exercise heart rate in the walkers decreased 7.8 +/- 1.7 beats per min (mean +/- SEM) (p less than 0.01) from week 0 to week 52, while post-exercise heart rate did not change. Initial spinal mineral density in the walkers was 114 +/- 18 mg/cm3 (mean +/- SD) and 98 +/- 19 mg/cm3 in the controls (NS). Bone loss was 5.6 +/- 1.4% (mean +/- SEM) in the walkers and 4.0 +/- 1.2% in the controls; both of these losses were significantly different from zero (p less than 0.005, p less than 0.01, respectively), but they were not different from each other. Our study shows that a moderate brisk walking program of one year duration does not prevent the loss of spinal bone density in early-postmenopausal women. PMID- 3166837 TI - Triiodothyronine stimulates urinary excretion of calcium and hydroxyproline in autosomal dominant osteopetrosis. AB - Six patients with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis were treated orally with 100 mcg. triiodothyronine (T3) daily for seven days. The effect of T3 on bone remodelling was monitored. T3 treatment increased serum T3 from day 1 to 7 (p less than 0.02) with a corresponding fall in serum T4 (p less than 0.01) and serum TSH (p less than 0.02). The levels of thyroid hormones returned to initial levels within the observation period. The renal excretion of calcium and hydroxyproline increased significantly (p less than 0.05) on day 7 and 14 respectively, while there was no significant increase in phosphate excretion. No significant changes were observed in serum calcium, phosphate, or osteocalcin during the study. The observed changes suggest that bone resorption in autosomal dominant osteopetrosis is stimulated by exogenous administration of T3. PMID- 3166838 TI - Comparison of bone mass measured by histomorphometry on iliac biopsy and by dual photon absorptiometry of the lumbar spine. AB - In a prospective study we compared bone mass measured independently by dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) on lumbar spine and by histomorphometry on transiliac biopsy. Measurements were done in 83 patients (23 males, 60 females) with various generalized bone diseases, including spinal osteoporosis, primary hyperparathyroidism and osteopetrosis. Iliac bone density was analyzed on bone biopsy with an automatic image analyzer and expressed as the trabecular bone volume (TBV), the cortical thickness (CT) and the total bone density (TBD) which includes the density of both spongy and cortical bone within the periosteal envelope. The bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) were measured from L2 to L4 with a Novo Lab 22a device. For the 83 patients, there were significant correlations between values given by both methods, with r values ranging from 0.74 to 0.43, according to the bone mass parameters analyzed. In the 37 patients with untreated vertebral osteoporosis, the TBV--but not the CT nor the TBD- correlated significantly with the BMD of the spine (r = 0.53, p less than 0.001). In conclusion, there is a significant correlation between bone density of the iliac crest assessed histomorphometrically and spinal density measured by DPA. Despite the fact that DPA measures both trabecular and cortical bone of the spine, it correlates better with iliac trabecular bone mass than with the overall iliac bone density. PMID- 3166839 TI - Distribution of resorption processes in the compacta and spongiosa of bones from lactating rats fed a low-calcium diet. AB - An attempt has been made to determine if the structural renewal of bone tissue takes place to a greater extent in the spongiosa than in the compacta and how this is related to the more extensive free surface area in the former. To this purpose, on transverse sections of the femur and 2 degrees lumbar vertebral body of the female lactating rats fed a normal (L group) or a calcium free diet (H group) the area of compact and spongy bone, and the perimeter of the trabeculae were measured. Then TBV, MTPT, MTPD, MTPS, Sv and S/V, according to the Parfitt et al. (1983) method were calculated. In the femurs of rats maintained on a normal calcium diet bone loss takes place to a higher degree in the spongiosa than in the compacta. In the distal metaphysis, moreover, the bone loss is more elevated than in other femoral regions. In the second lumbar vertebral body the bone rarefaction appears to have a similar extent in the compacta and spongiosa and in the three levels inspected. In rats maintained on a restricted calcium intake the osteoporosis is enhanced but the bone is removed predominantly from the compacta in all the femoral regions except in the distal metaphysis and, to a similar degree, from the compacta and the spongiosa of the vertebral body. In the centrodiaphyseal compacta the bone is reabsorbed exclusively at the endosteal level, while in the spongiosa the frameworks subjected to a more extensive resorption occupy a topographic position specific for each single region, and are often formed of thin trabeculae. The dynamic of the trabecular resorption seems to be different in the various spongy frameworks: in each of these it would take place by the removal of the entire trabecula or the thinning of the single trabeculae or by both mechanisms. Lastly, significative correlation was found between trabecular bone loss and trabecular thickness, none with trabecular surfaces. This study shows that bone removal is not regulated by the extent of the trabecular free surface. The mechanisms involved in the control of the distribution of bone removal are strictly connected with those controlling the trabecular thickness. They are probably of a mechanical nature. PMID- 3166841 TI - Abstracts from the Bone and Tooth Society meeting, London, September 24-25, 1987. PMID- 3166840 TI - Ultrastructural localization of matrix vesicles and alkaline phosphatase in the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma: their role in cartilage calcification. AB - Although it is generally acknowledged that matrix vesicles and alkaline phosphatase are required for cartilage calcification, their precise role in initiation or propagation of mineralization remains controversial. We have investigated this problem in a neoplastic model of chondrogenesis, the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. During serial transplantation these malignant chondrocytes fail to undergo terminal differentiation and do not calcify. To facilitate the study of maturational events in this neoplasm we have developed an intraperitoneal model which grows as discrete free floating tumor nodules. The youngest cells are those on the exterior and maturation progresses towards the center. Ultrastructural examination of the tumor reveals the presence of numerous matrix vesicles in the interterritorial matrix of immature and mature cells. Histochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase reveals a distribution of enzyme activity which varies with the state of maturation of the cells. The most immature cells express large amounts of enzyme on their plasmalemma and in inter territorial matrix vesicles. The older cells lose membrane activity but maintain activity in their matrix vesicles. These results suggest that while matrix vesicles and/or alkaline phosphatase may be necessary for calcification to proceed, their mere presence is by itself insufficient to initiate or maintain the process. PMID- 3166842 TI - The place of postgraduate education and specialisation. PMID- 3166843 TI - The place of general practice. PMID- 3166844 TI - Oral surgery. PMID- 3166845 TI - Orthodontics. PMID- 3166846 TI - Conservation. PMID- 3166847 TI - The role of the dental hygienist in general dental practice. PMID- 3166848 TI - International dental standards. The work of ISO TC106. PMID- 3166849 TI - Dental practice advisers. PMID- 3166850 TI - Fissure sealants on the NHS. PMID- 3166851 TI - A third study of caries in preschool aged children in Camden. PMID- 3166852 TI - Soft lining materials: their absorption of, and solubility in, artificial saliva. PMID- 3166853 TI - Acute uvulitis: a sauna hazard. PMID- 3166854 TI - What training should the undergraduate student have? PMID- 3166855 TI - What is a sealant restoration? PMID- 3166857 TI - 'From black to white'. PMID- 3166856 TI - Precious metal content of alloys. PMID- 3166858 TI - 'Progress for fluoridation'. PMID- 3166860 TI - Sinking standards. PMID- 3166861 TI - 'Birmingham Dental School--a centre for research'. PMID- 3166859 TI - Pulp tester problems. PMID- 3166862 TI - 'The Psion Organiser as a data-collection tool for dental research and evaluation'. PMID- 3166863 TI - An unusual post-extraction complication. PMID- 3166864 TI - Orthodontic demand. PMID- 3166866 TI - Periodontics. PMID- 3166865 TI - Slow setting of light-cured composites. PMID- 3166867 TI - Prosthodontics. PMID- 3166869 TI - Oral medicine. PMID- 3166868 TI - Endodontics. PMID- 3166870 TI - Training the trainers. PMID- 3166871 TI - AIDS update. PMID- 3166872 TI - Orbital phlebography for differentiation between multiple sclerosis and venous vasculitis in subacute blindness. AB - Thirteen consecutive patients with subacute unilateral loss of vision and periorbital pain but without pathology of the fundus or increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, were investigated with visual evoked response, electrophoresis of serum and cerebrospinal fluid, and orbital phlebography. Seven of these patients were found to suffer from multiple sclerosis. The remaining 6 were considered to have venous vasculitis. There was a spontaneous recovery from visual impairment in all patients with multiple sclerosis, but not in patients with venous vasculitis. Of the latter patients, only two, who were treated with steroids within the first four days after onset of symptoms, regained vision. It appears that orbital phlebography is the diagnostic procedure of choice for proper management of patients with subacute loss of vision. PMID- 3166873 TI - Computed tomography in primary and secondary adrenal tumours. AB - The purpose of the study was to find out how reliably benign and malignant adrenal tumours can be differentiated on the basis of CT characteristics. The material included 86 adrenal tumours with the following confirmed diagnoses: 48 primary adrenal tumours (8 carcinomas, 1 neuroblastoma, 4 pheochromocytomas, 31 adenomas, 3 cysts, 1 haemangioma) and 38 metastases. The size, density, homogeneity, enhancement and growth of the tumours were evaluated. No specific CT findings could separate benign from malignant tumours. Coexistence of cancer and bilateral non-homogeneous adrenal masses is probably sufficient for the diagnosis of adrenal metastases. In cases of coincidental small (less than 3 cm), homogeneous and relatively hypodense masses with no signs of hormonal activity, a follow-up examination of the lesion within three months is recommended. Other masses may indicate further diagnostic procedures. PMID- 3166874 TI - Computed tomography and conventional radiography in intrathoracic metastases from non-seminomatous testicular tumor. AB - Conventional chest radiographs and CT scans were studied retrospectively in 283 patients with untreated non-seminomatous testicular tumor. Intrathoracic metastases were found in 47 patients, and CT was the only positive examination in 20 of them. Lung metastases were seen in 39 patients and mediastinal lymph nodes were involved in 13. The additional yield of CT in detecting only at CT in 9 out of 13 cases as compared with 14 out of 39 for the lung parenchyma). Posterior mediastinal and retrocrural lymph nodes were most often enlarged, and involvement of these was most difficult to detect at conventional radiography. PMID- 3166875 TI - Femoral anteversion and restricted range of motion in total hip prostheses. AB - Impingement of the neck of the stem on to the rim of the socket may cause dislocation of the total hip prosthesis. The role of femoral anteversion in the occurrence of such impingement was analyzed in a clinical material of total hip prostheses with and without dislocation. A low femoral anteversion was linked to a clinically relevant reduction of the range of motion due to impingement and dominated in the group with dislocations. Impingement is minimized by inserting the femoral component in 10 degrees to 20 degrees of anteversion. PMID- 3166876 TI - The vertical position of the patella. A new radiographic method for routine use. AB - Patella height was defined by the distance between the midpoint of the articular surface of the patella and the condylar plane, which was constructed perpendicular to the mechanical axis of the tibia. In two series of normal individuals the measured distances were related to body height and the length of the lower leg and thus expressed as its ratio, which was the same in both sexes. The measurements were performed on lateral radiographs of the knee and lower leg obtained in weight-bearing and 30 degrees to 40 degrees of knee flexion using a simple device to obtain a standardized position of the lower leg during the examination. The standing position is proposed for these measurements since the patellar ligament is shorter in the recumbent position. The method can be used for biomechanical analysis of the femoropatellar joint. PMID- 3166877 TI - Lesion of the anterior cruciate ligament and sagittal disalignment of the knee in weight-bearing. AB - Twenty-nine patients with late reconstructive surgery for anterior cruciate ligament lesions had a clinical and radiologic follow-up ten years after injury. Anterior sagittal displacement of the tibia was recorded on the routine standing radiographs in 16 knees all having a normal femoro-tibial alignment in the non weight-bearing position. Five of eleven patients with sagittal displacement of between 10 and 19 mm had early osteoarthrosis, which was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging in four cases; their ages ranged from 23 to 38 years. No radiographic signs of osteoarthrosis were observed in those with displacements of less than 10 mm. In some patients there was a discrepancy between the clinical and radiographic measurements of instability. In addition to the clinical tests of instability standing rather than non-weight-bearing lateral radiographs are suggested for the routine assessment of cruciate ligament injuries. PMID- 3166878 TI - Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in children. A roentgenologic and scintigraphic investigation. AB - Thirty cases of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis have been reported in the literature. A radiologic evaluation of thirty-one additional cases, 25 of whom also underwent bone scintigraphy, is presented. Bone biopsy specimens were obtained in 16 patients. Most lesions were located in the metaphyses of the long bones adjacent to the physis and had a characteristic, probably pathognomonic appearance. Extension into the epiphyses was rare. Lesions in the vertebral bodies, clavicle and pelvis had possibly a less specific radiographic appearance. Lesions in short tubular bones were non-specific. Bone scintigraphy had a practical value in evaluating the global distribution of lesions including asymptomatic lesions and lesions in the spine or pelvis, the latter being somewhat hard to detect with conventional radiography. All biopsies showed acute, subacute or chronic unspecific osteomyelitis, sometimes mixed in the same lesion. Staining for bacteria and fungi was negative. PMID- 3166879 TI - Correlation of macroscopic osteoarthrotic changes and radiographic findings in the acromioclavicular joint. AB - In a total of 108 acromioclavicular articulations from cadavers the osteoarthrotic changes were studied. The articulations were macroscopically and radiographically ranked according to their grade of osteoarthrosis. The two ranking lines were correlated statistically and showed a rank correlation of 0.741. In 38 articulations tomography was also carried out. These articulations were classified into five grades of osteoarthrosis and the macroscopic, conventional radiographic and tomographic gradings were compared. The correlation coefficient for tomography versus macroscopy was 0.714. Tomography versus standard radiography showed a correlation of 0.767 and standard radiography versus macroscopy a correlation of 0.841. The standard radiographic investigation reveals moderate and severe osteoarthrotic changes in the acromioclavicular joint but cannot depict smaller changes. Tomography does not seem to improve the specificity. There is a need for a better radiologic technique in the examination of the acromioclavicular joint. Radiography during some kind of loading might be a practical way of improving the specificity and make it possible to show early osteoarthrosis in the acromioclavicular articulation. PMID- 3166880 TI - Radiography of pressure ulcers. AB - In patients with longstanding and/or deep pressure ulcers radiology is usually consulted. Survey radiography and sinography in 14 patients with pressure ulcers (6 over the tuber ischii and 8 over the femoral trochanter) were evaluated. Osteomyelitic involvement of adjacent bone was revealed in 9 patients on survey radiography. However, it was usually impossible to assess whether or not bony involvement represents healed or active osteomyelitis. Sinography did not contribute to the assessment of whether or not adjacent cortical bone was involved. However, when a fistulation to an adjacent joint was revealed this contributed substantially to the preoperative planning of resection. We therefore recommend that survey radiography and sinography should be included in the evaluation of these patients but that the results from such examinations are critically evaluated. Joint involvement should be taken seriously as progression of septic arthritis usually occurs rapidly. PMID- 3166881 TI - Contrast medium induced changes in granulocyte adherence in vitro and during angiography. AB - The effect of ioxaglate and diatrizoate on per cent granulocyte adherence to nylon fibers was investigated in blood to which contrast medium was added in vitro and in blood from patients undergoing angiography. Very high concentrations of contrast medium, added to blood in vitro, directly abolished granulocyte adherence to nylon fibers. Intraaortic bolus injections of ioxaglate, but not of saline, transiently increased granulocyte concentrations in the femoral vein. Fractional granulocyte adherence to nylon fibers increased significantly above the baseline when angiographic dosages of contrast medium were diluted by circulation within the human body. On the other hand, dilute concentrations of contrast medium had no effect on per cent granulocyte adherence when added to whole blood in vitro. This indicates that the increased adherence produced in vivo is an indirect effect, which, usually, cannot be simulated in vitro. PMID- 3166882 TI - Influence of radiographic contrast media on phagocytosis. AB - To evaluate the influence of radiographic contrast media (CM) on human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PML), the ability of these cells to ingest latex particles after in vitro exposure to five different radiographic contrast media was investigated. All CM inhibited the phagocytic properties of PML. The inhibition was dose dependent. The inhibitory effect was partly due to hyperosmolality but CM specific inhibition was also evident. PMID- 3166884 TI - Superparamagnetic particles as an MRI contrast agent for the gastrointestinal tract. AB - Non-biodegradable superparamagnetic particles containing magnetite were evaluated as a potential contrast agent for the gastrointestinal tract. The particles were administered to pigs perorally either suspended in water or mixed with food. The gastrointestinal tract structures were excellently depicted through a lowered signal intensity of their content in both T1 and T2 weighted images. Relatively large volumes with low particle concentration seemed to give a good contrast agent distribution, especially when the administration was extended over a period of time. Problems with artefacts and blurring in the images caused by a too high local concentration of the contrast agent should also be minimized by using low particle concentrations. PMID- 3166883 TI - Effect of contrast media on whole blood filtrability. An in vitro comparative study of iohexol, iopamidol and ioxaglate on rat blood. AB - The effects of three contrast media, iohexol, iopamidol and ioxaglate, on rat erythrocytes were compared. Three parameters representative of the rheologic properties of blood were investigated: whole blood filtrability, red cell filtrability and morphology. Whole blood and red cell filtrabilities were both measured using an erythrometer and red cell morphology was observed with an optical microscope. Iohexol and iopamidol were found to cause a significant increase in filtrability indices and to modify the shape of red blood cells. Ioxaglate had less effect on these parameters than did the other two contrast media. The chemical structure seems to be a determining factor for red cell integrity. The study of blood rheology parameters in vitro may be useful as a model predictive of observations on human blood and of hemodynamic consequences. PMID- 3166886 TI - Bone mass determination from microradiographs by computer-assisted videodensitometry. II. Aluminium as a reference substance. AB - Aluminium was evaluated as a reference substance in the assessment of rabbit cortical bone by microradiography followed by videodensitometry. Ten dense, cortical-bone specimens from the same tibia diaphysis were microradiographed using prefiltered 27 kV roentgen radiation together with aluminium step wedges and bone simulating phantoms for calibration. Optimally exposed and processed plates were analysed by previously described computer-assisted videodensitometry. For comparison, the specimens were analysed by physico-chemical methods. A strict proportionality was found between the 'aluminium equivalent mass' and the ash weight of the specimens. The total random error was low with a coefficient of variation within 1.5 per cent. It was concluded that aluminium is an appropriate reference material in the determination of cortical bone, which it resembles in effective atomic number and thus x-ray attenuation characteristics. The 'aluminium equivalent mass' is suitably established as the standard of expressing the results of bone assessment by microradiography. PMID- 3166885 TI - Water-soluble contrast media compared with barium in enteric follow-through. Local effects and radiographic efficacy in rats with simple obstruction of the small bowel. AB - The local effects and radiographic efficacy of 4 water-soluble contrast media, barium and saline were evaluated in 86 anaesthetized rats with the distal ileum ligated. The rats were observed for 8 hours after instillation of 3 ml of the test substance via orogastric tube. Radiographs were taken after 1, 4 and 8 hours of observation. After 8 hours the intestines were weighed and biopsied for light microscopy, and blood and urine were sampled for testing. Sodium diatrizoate caused increased fluid influx to the bowel lumen and, like barium, provided poorer radiographic images as compared with iohexol, ioxaglate or iodixanol. Barium showed slower progression through the small bowel than the other agents, while sodium diatrizoate was the most rapidly progressing contrast medium and caused the greatest distension. Correlation to osmolality was obvious. No significant morphologic effects on the small bowel mucosa were seen in any of the groups. Low-osmolar, water-soluble contrast media may have prospects for clinical use in patients with suspected small bowel obstruction. PMID- 3166887 TI - Prior employment as a welder associated with the development of chronic myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 3166888 TI - UKCCCR guidelines for the welfare of animals in experimental neoplasia. PMID- 3166889 TI - A tumour spheroid model for antibody-targeted therapy of micrometastases. AB - Human neuroblastoma cells grown as tumour spheroids were briefly incubated with a conjugate of 131I and an anti-human neuroectodermal monoclonal antibody UJ13A. Unbound 131I was removed by washing and the spheroids observed in culture conditions for up to 4 weeks. Spheroid response to irradiation was evaluated as time to reach 10x treatment volume and proportion of spheroids sterilised. Spheroid growth was found to be affected by both the activity of 131I-UJ13A and the duration of the incubation. Na[131I], 131I-HSA, 131I labelled non-specific antibody and unlabelled antibody were found to be relatively ineffective compared to 131I-UJ13A. The tumour spheroid model has applications in the evaluation of antibodies or antibody fragments and different radionuclides which may be considered for radioimmunotherapy of micrometastases. PMID- 3166890 TI - Development of drug resistance in a human epidermoid lung carcinoma xenograft line. AB - The development of resistance to vincristine, actinomycin D and cisplatin has been examined in a human epidermoid lung carcinoma xenograft line (HXL 55) growing in nude mice. Treatment of HXL 55 with 1 mg kg-1 vincristine or 0.5 mg kg 1 actinomycin D once in each in vivo passage resulted in a rapid reduction in tumour responsiveness to these drugs. A partial resistance was already acquired at the 2nd transplant generation. In contrast, a gradual decrease in therapeutic response was observed with 10 mg kg-1 cisplatin. Irradiation with a local dose of 10 Gy induced no resistance. The three induced drug-resistant sublines were characterized in terms of the time course of development of resistance, the degree of induced resistance, cross-resistance, growth rate and stability of the phenotype. PMID- 3166891 TI - Structural damage to lymphocyte nuclei by H2O2 or gamma irradiation is dependent on the mechanism of OH. radical production. AB - Normal human lymphocytes were exposed to OH. radicals produced indirectly by exposure to H2O2 or directly by gamma irradiation. Using a flow cytometry technique to measure changes in nucleoid size, it was found that generation of OH. in each system produced a characteristic relaxation in nuclear supercoiling. Exposure of cells to H2O2 produced a metal-dependent step-wise relaxation in extracted nucleoids, while gamma irradiation induced a gradual dose-dependent increase in nucleoid size. The site-specific metal-dependent changes produced in lymphocytes incubated in H2O2 should also occur in gamma irradiated cells, but the characteristic effects on nuclear supercoiling would not be detected within the background of random DNA damage. The importance of metals in maintaining the supercoiled loop configuration of DNA within the protein matrix suggests that free radical damage at metal locations may be particularly toxic for the cell. PMID- 3166893 TI - Studies on the activity of a protease associated with cells at the advancing edge of human tumour masses in frozen sections. AB - A fluorescent probe has been employed to study the status of a tumour associated protease, guanidinobenzoatase, in frozen sections of human tumours obtained from the head and neck regions. The results indicate that in vivo a naturally occurring inhibitor of guanidinobenzoatase effectively controls the activity of this enzyme on the majority of cells in a tumour mass. This inhibitor can be artificially displaced by formaldehyde treatment of the frozen sections and this treatment reveals the extent of latent enzyme in the section. In the frozen sections it was noticed that at the advancing edges of the tumour mass, the tumour cells possessed uninhibited guanidinobenzoatase, an enzyme known to degrade the link peptide between cells and fibronectin. It was shown that a synthetic inhibitor of guanidinobenzoatase selectively inhibited the guanidinobenzoatase of the tumour cells at the advancing edge of the tumour mass. It is suggested that the guanidinobenzoatase on cells at the leading edge of the tumour mass plays an important role in the invasion of adjacent host tissue. This synthetic inhibitor of guanidinobenzoatase has no inhibitory action on other trypsin-like enzymes and might therefore be of value in limiting the growth of the tumour mass in vivo. PMID- 3166892 TI - Enhancement of hyperthermochemotherapy for human gastric cancer in nude mice by thermosensitization with nitroimidazoles. AB - Hyperthermia for human gastric cancer xenotransplanted into the hindlegs of nude mice was performed to determine whether misonidazole (MISO) or metronidazole (MTR), derivatives of nitroimidazole, would intensify the antitumour effects of hyperthermia only, or combined with mitomycin C (MMC). MISO, MTR and MMC were given i.p. at doses of 500 mg kg-1, 500 mg kg-1 and 2.0 mg kg-1 respectively, and MISO or MTR was administered 45 min before MMC. Hyperthermia was applied twice at 48 h intervals, by means of a water bath at 43.5 +/- 0.1 degrees C for 23 min. Tumour tripling times following heat alone, MTR plus heat, and MISO plus heat were about 6.7, 8.0 and 7.9 days respectively, compared with 4.6 days for the control, but tumour regression occurred in the heat plus MISO group only. Tumour tripling times for MMC plus heat, MMC plus MTR plus heat, and MMC plus MISO plus heat were 9.6, 11.6 and 17.1 days respectively, compared to 4.6 days for the control and 6.7 days for heat alone. These data suggest that the antitumour activity of MMC plus MISO plus heat is an additive phenomenon. PMID- 3166894 TI - The cytochemical detection of oestrogen receptors in fine needle aspirates of breast cancer; correlation with biochemical assay and prediction of response to endocrine therapy. AB - A total of 98 breast aspirates from patients with breast cancer have been fixed and stained for oestrogen receptors using the Abbott ERICA kit. In a preliminary series of 41 aspirates, cytochemical staining index (% cells staining x mean intensity) related to the receptor concentration determined biochemically on a subsequent biopsy with a correlation coefficient of +0.65. In a second series of 56 aspirates examined after lysis and cytocentrifugation, the correlation coefficient was +0.73. For 14 patients, the response of the primary tumour to endocrine therapy was assessed objectively by serial clinical and mammographic measurements (Forrest et al., 1986) and was found to relate strongly to the cytochemical staining of the initial aspirate. The potential and limitations of this technique are discussed. PMID- 3166895 TI - DNA ploidy in early gastric cancer and its relationship to prognosis. AB - The relationship between DNA ploidy and clinical prognosis was determined in 65 patients who underwent gastroectomy for early gastric cancer. Of the 65 patients, 16 had intramucosal and 49 submucosal tumours. Five-year survival rates were 100 and 79.6% for patients with intramucosal and submucosal tumours respectively. Diploid tumours were observed more frequently among the patients with intramucosal neoplasms. Among the patients with submucosal invasion, the presence of polyploid cells (greater than or equal to 6c) in less than 10% of the malignant population was associated with a superior survival at 5 years, than those with greater than or equal to 10% of polyploid cells (92.1% vs. 36.3%). When the macroscopic type and the ploidy status were evaluated together, patients who had greater than or equal to 10% of cells with DNA greater than or equal to 6 c and a protruding type of tumour, had a 5 year survival rate of only 12.5%. Finally when factors such as the level of wall invasion, percentage of polyploid cells, type of histogram, and macroscopic type were evaluated by multiple regression analysis, macroscopic type and percentage of polyploid cells were the only significant prognostic factors. On the basis of these findings, the DNA ploidy pattern and the macroscopic type may be useful markers of patients who will develop recurrence. PMID- 3166896 TI - Parietal cell carcinoma of the stomach: association with long-term survival after curative resection. AB - Following the recent identification of gastric parietal cell carcinoma (Capella et al., 1984), a histological and clinical review of 125 consecutive cases of gastric cancers treated surgically during a 9-year period was undertaken. The pathology was reviewed blind and in addition to H & E sections, staining with Luxol Fast Blue, phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin and E-M studies were performed to identify parietal cell differentiation. The surgical procedures performed were curative R2 gastrectomy (n = 56), palliative resection (n = 30), gastro enterostomy (n = 25) and intubation (n = 14). The 30-day operative mortality was 12/125 (10%) overall and 4/56 (7%) in the curative resection group. Two parietal cell cancers were identified and a further 4 tumours showed areas of parietal cell differentiation. All occurred in male patients (mean age 55 years, range 43 62). Sixteen patients out of the 56 patients (29%) who underwent curative R2 resection have survived long-term (mean 5.5 years, range 2.5-11): 4/5 mucosal/submucosal cancers (T1N0), 5/29 intestinal cancers (T2N0-2) 2/16 diffuse cancers (T2N1) and 5/6 with parietal cell cancer/differentiation (T2-3N0-2). There were no survivors beyond 14 months in the patients who were treated by palliative resection, bypass or intubation irrespective of histology. This study suggests that gastric parietal cell carcinoma carries a good prognosis after curative resection despite the advanced stage at presentation. PMID- 3166897 TI - Prognostic value of continuous variables in breast cancer and head and neck cancer. Dependence on the cut-off level. PMID- 3166898 TI - Benign ovarian teratomas: a population-based case-control study. AB - We attempted to identify all cases of benign ovarian teratoma which occurred in two health districts in the UK during a 56 month period. The crude incidence was 8.9 cases/100,000 women. One hundred and twenty cases and 119 age-matched controls were interviewed to identify risk factors for this disease. In addition, 137 mothers completed postal questionnaires. Cases were older at leaving school, had higher social class occupations, were more often unmarried or married late, and had fewer children than controls. Oral contraceptive use was similar for both. Cases reported more exercise at all ages, and more alcohol consumption 1 year before diagnosis. Cases' mothers reported slightly less nausea during pregnancy than controls' mothers, and none of the mothers reported exogenous hormone exposure during the index pregnancy. In this study benign ovarian teratomas strongly resemble testicular cancer in their age distribution in the population. They also resemble testicular cancer in their association with educational status and marital status. There was, however, no similarity regarding prenatal hormone exposure. The increased risks associated with exercise and alcohol use were unexpected; we need further information about how these exposures affect the ovary, and whether they affect the testis. PMID- 3166899 TI - Risk of breast cancer in relation to reproductive factors in Denmark. AB - The effect of reproductive factors on breast cancer risk was evaluated in a population-based case-control study, including 1,486 breast cancer cases diagnosed over a one-year period in Denmark. They were identified from the files of the nationwide trial of the Danish Breast Cancer Co-operative group and the Danish Cancer Registry. The control group was an age-stratified random sample of 1,336 women from the general population. Data on risk factors were collected by self-administered (mailed) questionnaires. Significantly increased relative risks (RR) were associated with never being pregnant (RR = 1.47), an early terminated first pregnancy (RR = 1.43), and having a natural menopause after the age of 54 (RR = 1.67). Trends of decreasing risk were observed by increasing parity and age at menarche. These findings were independent of age at first full-term pregnancy which overall was not related to breast cancer risk, though a weak association appeared in women less than 50 years at diagnosis. The study confirmed that pregnancies must continue to term to offer protection against breast cancer. PMID- 3166900 TI - Potentiation of the anti-tumour effect of melphalan by the vasoactive agent, hydralazine. AB - The vaso-active drug hydralazine causes a considerable increase in the cytotoxic effect of melphalan towards the KHT tumour in mice. The enhancement in response, measured as the concentration of melphalan required to achieve a given tumour response, is 3.0 and 2.35 when determined using the regrowth delay assay and the technique for determining surviving fraction in vitro following treatment in vivo respectively. In contrast, measurement of systemic toxicity shows that the addition of hydralazine only causes a small increase (ER = 1.15) in melphalan damage. This suggests that the drug combination may have some therapeutic benefit. The tumour specificity for the action of hydralazine is supported by the finding that binding of 3H-misonidazole is increased in tumours but not in other tissues when mice are treated with hydralazine. Increased binding of labelled misonidazole is associated with an increase in the level and duration of hypoxia, which will occur as a consequence of changes in tumour blood flow brought about by hydralazine. However, hypoxia per se is not responsible for the enhanced effect of melphalan, since the agent BW12C, which also induces substantial tumour hypoxia as a result of changing the O2 affinity of haemoglobin, has no effect on melphalan tumour cytotoxicity. PMID- 3166901 TI - Misonidazole reduces blood flow in two experimental murine tumours. AB - The effects of single doses of misonidazole (MISO) on blood flow and vascular volume in the SaFA and CaNT tumours and normal tissues of the mouse have been studied. MISO was administered in the dose range 250-1,000 mg kg-1 and blood flow measured at different times after MISO by the 86RbCl extraction technique. Vascular volume was assessed by the distribution of 51Cr-labelled red blood cells. MISO at doses of 500 mg kg-1 or greater decreased flow in both tumours by up to 60% within 2 h. Flow remained reduced for up to 24 h. Similar but less profound changes were seen in the skin, although flow had recovered by 24 h. Only slight changes were seen in muscle, and none in kidney. The apparent loss of flow in tumours seen after large single doses of MISO may have important implications for its use as a chemosensitizer. PMID- 3166903 TI - The logistics of broader pre-clinical evaluation of potential anti-cancer agents with reference to anti-tumour activity and toxicity of mitozolomide. AB - Anti-tumour responses with CCRG81010, M & B 39565, NSC 353451, 8-carbamoyl-3-(2 chloroethyl)imidazo [5,1-d]-1,2,3,5-tetrazin-4(3H)-one (Mitozolomide) in a panel of 4 murine colon tumours of varying growth characteristics and chemosensitivity and a spontaneous murine lymphoma are similar to those seen with standard nitrosoureas. The moderately well differentiated colon adenocarcinoma MAC 16 is nonresponsive to mitozolomide and methylCCNU. Responses in the other 4 lines studied are only achieved near to maximum tolerated dose and at this level there is severe host toxicity. Haemopoietic toxicity is clearly demonstrated by analysis of peripheral blood counts and by CFU-S assays and severe testicular and ovarian toxicity was also seen at dose levels necessary to achieve anti-tumour effects. Using mitozolomide as an example, the study has demonstrated the feasibility of conducting simple but thorough toxicity evaluation for the determination of the therapeutic index. This approach would provide invaluable guidelines for the selection for clinical trial of the most appropriate members of a series of new cytotoxic compounds. PMID- 3166902 TI - Tumour response to chemotherapy in animals that have been treated with the same drugs prior to tumour implantation: a model for studying host effects on apparent drug resistance. AB - The outcome of cancer chemotherapy is determined by an interplay of multiple factors between the host, the tumour, and the drugs administered. Most studies have emphasised the development or selection of drug resistant tumour cells. However, repeated drug treatment of the host may lead to changes (e.g. in pharmacokinetics, host defences, etc.) which can influence the subsequent response of the tumour. In this study, we present a model to investigate the role of the host in the development of drug resistance. A drug is administered repeatedly to animals prior to tumour implantation, and tumour response is then evaluated following treatment with the same drug in pretreated and control animals. To illustrate the method, cyclophosphamide was administered weekly for 4 weeks to C3H mice before implantation of the KHT tumour. Tumour growth delay was then compared after one further treatment of cyclophosphamide in this group of animals to that in control mice which had not received the cyclophosphamide pretreatment. Our results indicate that cyclophosphamide produces only a small effect on the host in this system, but the model is a potentially useful one to investigate the contribution of the host in the acquisition of drug resistance. PMID- 3166904 TI - Response of chemically induced primary colon tumours of the mouse to flavone acetic acid (NSC 347 512). AB - Flavone acetic acid (FAA) is a compound with proven activity against various transplantable colon cancers in mice. In this study it was evaluated against primary colon tumours, chemically induced by methylazoxymethanol in outbred CF1 mice. FAA was given i.v. at doses of 70 or 100 or 150 mg kg-1 every 7 days for 6 weeks. Only 4 out of 60 FAA treated mice died of toxicity. FAA reduced tumour number and tumour burden compared to control mice (P less than 0.05 at least), with no apparent dose-response relationship. Antitumour activity of FAA was comparable to that of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) used as standard. Moreover, FAA was more effective that 5-FU against large tumours. FAA levels in plasma and different tissues (including colonic neoplastic lesions) after a single i.v. dose of 150 mg kg-1 were investigated. Tumour FAA levels appear insufficient to be responsible for the antitumour activity based only on a direct FAA cytotoxic effect. The results confirm clinical interest in FAA and suggest that mechanisms other than direct cytotoxicity may be involved in its activity. PMID- 3166905 TI - Inhibition of mitogen stimulated growth of human colon cancer cells by interferon. AB - Recombinant human interferon alpha inhibits growth of a human colon cancer cell line, Colo 205. To explore the mechanisms of IFN induced growth inhibition, quiescent Colo 205 cells were stimulated to proliferate in serum-free media by defined growth factors. Addition of insulin, transferrin and selenium (ITS) stimulated DNA synthesis, as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation, in a dose dependent manner. IFN-alpha (at concentrations greater than 100 U ml-1) inhibited ITS stimulated DNA synthesis by 63%. Inhibition of cell cycle traverse was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis. Although IFN inhibited growth of ITS treated cells, steady state levels of c-myc mRNA remained above levels observed in unstimulated cells. IFN inhibited DNA synthesis only when added prior to mitogen stimulation. IFN, added 6 h after exposure of quiescent cells to ITS, failed to inhibit cell growth. Addition of increasing concentrations of ITS failed to overcome the IFN-induced growth inhibition. These results suggest IFN may inhibit cell growth in part by antagonizing the action of growth factors. PMID- 3166906 TI - Promotion of metastasis by a specific complex of coagulation factors may be independent of fibrin formation. AB - Coumarins inhibit metastasis in a number of animal models, but the mechanism of this effect remains unclear. We have investigated the relationship between the coagulation system and metastasis using a new model system, involving i.v. injection of Mtln3 rat mammary carcinoma cells into Fischer 344 rats, and subsequent estimation of pulmonary seeding. Injection of factors II, VII, IX and X elevated the median number of surface pulmonary seedlings per animal to 182, and injection of factors II, IX and X to 181, compared with a median for control animals of 12 (P less than 0.001). Injection of factor VII alone, or of bovine serum albumin did not significantly affect pulmonary seeding. In a second experiment, arvin defibrination reduced the mean plasma fibrinogen concentration to 76.8 mg dl-1 from a control value of 228 mg dl-1. This degree of defibrination had no significant effects on pulmonary seeding, nor on the enhancing effects of factor complex injection (median numbers of seedlings per animal; control 15, arvin 21, arvin plus factors II, VII, IX and X 170, factors II, VII, IX and X only, 157). Factor complex injections did not detectably shorten thrombotest clotting times. In vitro testing suggested that Mtln3 cells contain little or no conventional factor X activating cancer procoagulant. The complex of coagulation factors II, IX and X appears to contain a component which greatly enhances metastasis in this model. This may explain the previously reported antimetastatic effect of coumarin anticoagulants, which suppress factors II, VII, IX and X. The enhancing effect of the factor complex does not appear to be altered by significant reductions in fibrin forming capacity, and defibrination itself has no effect on metastasis. These findings suggest the possibility that the effect of this factor complex on metastasis may be mediated via mechanisms other than the formation of a fibrin clot. PMID- 3166908 TI - The efficacy of 5-fluorouracil in human colorectal cancer is not enhanced by thymidylate synthetase inhibition with CB3717 (N10-propargyl-5,8 dideazafolic acid). PMID- 3166909 TI - Prognosis in bilateral breast cancer. Effects of time interval between first and second primary tumours. AB - Survival rates for 67 women with bilateral breast cancer were compared to those for 1282 women with unilateral disease in a follow-up of 1349 women participating in a population-based study. Relative survival at 8 years of follow-up was 69% for women with unilateral disease as compared to 53% for women with bilateral cancer. When possible confounding histopathological differences--data about which were prospectively collected--and age were adjusted for in a multivariate analysis, the relative hazard rate was significantly higher for women with bilateral versus unilateral breast cancer (P = 0.006). The impact of interval time between the two primaries was analysed and a roughly two-fold higher hazard rate was seen for synchronous cancers with regularly falling risk for increasing interval times. This trend was however not statistically significant. The results indicate that the two tumours contribute independently to the patient's excess risk of dying and thus occur as two seemingly biologically unrelated events with respect to the tumour-host relationship and metastatic behaviour. PMID- 3166907 TI - The effect of age and menstrual cycle upon proliferative activity of the normal human breast. AB - The aim of this study was to determine the proliferative activity within the epithelial cells of the normal human breast in 122 patients (6 reduction mammoplasties and 116 fibroadenoma excisions) in relation to age and the phase of the menstrual cycle. Thirty three of the patients were on oral contraceptives and 33 were parous. Thin tissue slices were incubated with tritiated thymidine and processed for autoradiography. Other samples were fixed directly and prepared for histology. The labelling, mitotic and apoptotic indices (LI, MI and AI) were determined and all illustrated considerable variability. The labelling indices are significantly (P less than 0.05) influenced by both patient age and stage during the menstrual cycle and ranged from 0-11.5%. Maximum LI values were obtained on the 20.8th day of the cycle. A square root transformation of the data was used to reduce the skewness of the data to a more normal distribution. The square root of the LI declined by 0.22 per decade. The mitotic data showed similar significant (P less than 0.05) correlations against age and day of cycle with a peak on the 21.5th day of the cycle, a decline by 0.072 per decade and a range from 0-0.6%. The data for apoptotic cells were less clearly influenced by the stage of the menstrual cycle but showed a significant (P less than 0.5) decline with age. The AI in parous patients was significantly higher than that in non-parous patients. There was no significant effect of oral contraceptives on any of the parameters measured when age and stage of cycle were taken into account. The considerable variability in the data could not be fully accounted for by either technical factors, the age of the patients, or the day of the cycle. We conclude that proliferation is negatively related to age and is influenced by the menstrual cycle but that additional as yet unknown factors must account for a large part of the variability seen in the data. PMID- 3166911 TI - Adjusting survival curves for imbalances in prognostic factors. AB - A new method for comparing the survival of two or more groups of patients adjusting for factors distributed unevenly between the groups is presented. This is a development of previous methods, and provides a graphical counterpart to Mantel's adjusted chi-square statistic. The method can be used to retrospectively stratify for prognostic factors, and to provide additional validation and interpretation of multivariate results, including those based on Cox's proportional hazards model. Like Mantel's adjusted chi-square statistic, the method adjusts at every event, based on the numbers of patients still at risk in each of the groups, and is thus able to show up time-dependent effects: factors can be seen to be relevant during certain periods of the study only. The method presented thus allows curves to be drawn as they would have been expected to look, had the prognostic factors been evenly distributed between the groups. PMID- 3166910 TI - A regression analysis of prognostic factors after resection of Dukes' B and C carcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid. Does post-operative radiotherapy change the prognosis? AB - The prognostic value of several clinical and histopathological characteristics has been evaluated in patients with Dukes' B and C carcinoma of the rectum and the rectosigmoid. Data on 260 Dukes' B and 208 Dukes' C tumours entered into a prospective, randomized clinical trial of post-operative radiotherapy (50 Gy given with 2 Gy/fraction in an overall time of 7 weeks) were analyzed by means of the Cox proportional hazards model. The Dukes' stages B and C were analyzed in two separate multivariate analyses. In patients with Dukes' B tumours, a poor prognosis was associated with age above 60, perineural and venous invasion, tumour located less than 10 cm from the anal verge and elevated pre-operative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (greater than 3.2 ng ml-1). In patients with Dukes' C tumours, perineural and venous invasion, tumour located less than 10 cm from the anal verge, and elevated pre-operative CEA were associated with a poor prognosis. In addition, a large tumour diameter had a strong, negative influence on the prognosis. Males seemed to have a poorer prognosis than females among the Dukes' C patients. Resection of neighbouring organs was also associated with a poor prognosis in this stage. Post-operative radiotherapy as administered in the present series had no significant influence on prognosis. Based on the derived prognostic models patients with a hazard of death above the median in each stage were selected. A separate analysis of the survival in these high risk patients showed no survival benefit from radiotherapy. The proportional hazards model may be a useful tool in selecting patients for more aggressive adjuvant treatment. PMID- 3166912 TI - Breast cancer risk for women with a false positive screening test. PMID- 3166913 TI - Serum CA 15-3 assay in the diagnosis and follow-up of breast cancer. AB - Serum CA 15-3 values were determined in 177 patients with primary breast cancer and in 41 with non-malignant breast disease. Increased preoperative serum CA 15-3 values (greater than 38 U ml-1) were observed in 7%, 17%, 64% and 67% of patients with stage I, II, III and IV disease, respectively and in none of the patients with benign breast disease. Patients with elevated serum CA 15-3 values had poor 3-year cumulative survival (27%). In the postoperative follow-up 9% of patients with no clinical evidence of disease, 33% with a single metastasis and 67% with two or more metastases had elevated values. Increasing or decreasing serum CA 15 3 values correlated with the clinical outcome in 26 out of 27 cases (96%), whereas serum values remaining in the reference range had no predictive value. At the time of recurrence elevated serum CA 15-3 values were also observed in patients with normal preoperative values. Increased serum CA 15-3 values preceded the clinical detection of tumour recurrence by up to 13 months. In conclusion, serum CA 15-3 levels had prognostic value in breast cancer, reflected the extent of clinically detectable disease and the presence of occult metastatic disease. Further research is warranted on the benefits of CA 15-3 assays in relation to adjuvant chemotherapy as well as the earlier detection and treatment of metastatic disease. PMID- 3166914 TI - Patients with ampullary carcinoma are prone to other malignant tumours. PMID- 3166916 TI - Twenty-ninth annual meeting of the British Association for Cancer Research in conjunction with the third annual meeting of the Association of Cancer Physicians. March 21-24, 1988, Norwich, U.K. Abstracts. PMID- 3166915 TI - Serum placental-like alkaline phosphatase levels and nicotine intake in smokers. PMID- 3166917 TI - Blood groups and lung cancer. PMID- 3166918 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage sampling of airway and alveolar cells. AB - Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell counts are used to assess 'alveolitis' in patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILD) but inflammatory cells from airways can contribute to the differential cell count. To determine what BAL volume samples airway cells in patients with ILD we measured the proportion of bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) in four successive 25 ml aliquots in a single lung subsegment in 23 patients with ILD (cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) four, rheumatoid lung (RL) three, asbestosis (ASB) 11, sarcoidosis (SARC) five). Cells recovered from the first two 25 ml lavages exhibited higher proportions of BECs (15 +/- 4% and 9 +/- 2% respectively) than those from the remaining two aliquots (3 +/- 1%, 3 +/- 1%, each P less than 0.01), suggesting that the first 50 ml BAL preferentially samples airway cells compared to the second 50 ml BAL. To evaluate airway and alveolar inflammatory cell proportions in ILD we performed two separate 50 ml BALs (samples I and II) in a single subsegment in 38 patients with ILD (CFA seven, RL five, ASB 19, SARC seven) and measured the proportions of recovered cells in each sample separately and combined. Seven control individuals were also studied. Sample I contained 1-67% (mean 26 +/- 3%) of the total recovered cells. Neutrophil (PMN) proportions were higher in sample I compared to sample II in CFA (20 +/- 6 vs 8 +/- 2%), RL (30 +/- 9 vs 8 +/- 2%) and ASB (12 +/ 2 vs 7 +/- 1%), P less than 0.05 for each, but were similar in samples I and II in patients with SARC (3 +/- 1 vs 2 +/- 1%) and controls (2 +/- 1 vs 2 +/- 1%). In combined samples (I + II), absolute PMN proportions were up to 8% higher than in sample II alone whereas absolute lymphocyte proportions were up to 8% less than in sample II alone. These data suggest that separate processing of the fluid recovered from the first 50 ml BAL in ILD patients provides information on the location of inflammatory cells and improves the accuracy of BAL cell counts. PMID- 3166919 TI - Pulmonary epithelial permeability in bronchiectasis. AB - We measured pulmonary epithelial permeability in 17 non-smoking patients with generalized bronchiectasis, of whom six had cystic fibrosis, by determining the half-time clearance from lung to blood (T1/2LB) of inhaled 99mTc-labelled diethylene triamine pentaacetate. Their age range was 15-79 years and the range of their FEV1 measurements was 20-87% of the predicted normal. Sputum obtained by prestudy chest physiotherapy revealed significant colonies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in six, Haemophilus influenzae in three, Staphylococcus aureus in three and Pasteurella mitocida in one patient, while in the remainder there was normal flora only. Lung clearance was significantly faster in the 13 culture positive patients (mean T1/2LB = 28 minutes) compared with the four culture negative patients (mean T1/2LB = 54 minutes). There was no correlation between T1/2LB and prestudy FEV1. The study was repeated in six patients following a course of antibiotics. In two patients only was the sputum cleared of organisms and in those the lung permeability decreased significantly. There was no change in lung permeability in the four patients in whom it was impossible to eradicate the sputum organisms. Thus, in our patients with generalized bronchiectasis, lung permeability was increased only in those with both purulent sputum and significant colonization of the respiratory tract by bacterial pathogens. However, this increase in lung permeability was not associated with worse lung function. PMID- 3166921 TI - Evaluation of a hand-held spirometer, the Respiradyne, for the measurement of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). AB - A hand-held spirometer, the Respiradyne (R), was evaluated for the measurement of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) by comparing it with a Vitalograph spirometer (V) and a Wright's peak flow meter (W) in 70 subjects (normals and patients). The results showed close agreement for FEV1; r = 0.99, R = 0.961V + 0.03 X 10(-5) and FVC; r = 0.99, R = 1.003V-0.044. Results for PEFR using the Respiradyne were generally higher than with the peak flow meter; r = 0.98, R = 1.151W-17.576. The Respiradyne is portable and simple to operate and may be suited to use in a variety of non-laboratory situations. PMID- 3166920 TI - 24-hour cyclophosphamide infusion therapy for malignant mesothelioma of the pleura. AB - Thirteen patients with malignant mesothelioma of the pleura have been treated with 24-hour cyclophosphamide infusion (2.5 g/m2) therapy. There were no complete responders. Three patients (23%) had a partial response, and a further three patients who did not fulfil the criteria for objective response, had subjective benefit from therapy with increase in performance status. The overall median survival from the onset of therapy was 6 months (range 2-19 months). High dose cyclophosphamide offers no advantage over standard dose therapy. PMID- 3166922 TI - General practitioner referrals for static miniature chest radiography: indications and diagnostic yield. AB - The chest clinic based miniature radiographic service had been studied prospectively with the view to assessing its efficiency and correlating radiological and clinical findings. We conclude that such a service provides advantages for rapid patient recall and assessment. The fact that it is organized by chest physicians allows a more selected pattern of clinic referral. PMID- 3166924 TI - Giant cell arteritis with pulmonary involvement. AB - Giant cell arteritis (GCA) may present as pyrexia of unknown origin with profuse night sweats, pain on mastication, headache, pain in the region of the temporal arteries, polymyalgia rheumatica, myocardial infarction or dissecting aortic aneurysm. Few cases with pulmonary involvement have been described. We report a patient with temporal arteritis preceded by pulmonary vascular disease. PMID- 3166923 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis lung disease and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. AB - The development of apical pulmonary fibrosis and bullous disease is a rare but well recognized extra-articular manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The fibrobullous disease is usually asymptomatic and diagnosed at an incidental radiological examination. When symptoms do develop, they are usually due to superimposed colonization or infection by bacteria, fungi or mycobacteria. Only six cases of non-tuberculous mycobacterial superinfection in AS have been reported. We report a patient with AS and progressive apical fibrobullous disease in whom Mycobacterium scrofulaceum was repeatedly cultured over a 12-year period. PMID- 3166926 TI - The British Lung Foundation. PMID- 3166925 TI - Empyema and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome. AB - Two cases of empyema with nephrotic syndrome are described, a previously unreported association. In one case the nephrotic syndrome resolved with treatment of the empyema. Renal biopsy in both patients showed mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis and in one case there was evidence of activation of the alternative complement pathway, which is often associated with this histological type of glomerulonephritis. The association between glomerulonephritis and empyema is important because it represents a potentially reversible form of renal disease. PMID- 3166927 TI - Pneumonia in hospital. PMID- 3166929 TI - A study of acute asthma in the accident and emergency department. AB - We have conducted a survey of all the asthmatic patients seen at the Leicester Royal Infirmary Accident and Emergency Department during a 1-year period. A significantly greater number of patients were seen in the 8-hour period 1600-2359 hours and a greater number of patients were seen on Sundays and bank holidays. Wheeze was recorded in only 43% of the patients and there was no record of any nocturnal asthmatic symptoms. Peak expiratory flow rate was only recorded in 26% of patients before treatment with nebulized salbutamol (the commonest treatment). Pulse rate, respiratory rate, time of day or month did not determine whether or not a patient was admitted. We conclude that the education of junior doctors in the management of asthma is still deficient. PMID- 3166928 TI - Transbronchial aspiration of subcarinal lymph nodes. AB - Transbronchial needle aspiration of subcarinal lymph nodes has been undertaken in 60 consecutive patients with pulmonary malignancies undergoing routine fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Four aspirates from the subcarinal nodes contained malignant cells; three squamous cell carcinoma and one adenocarcinoma. Four of 40 (10%) of patients with non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung had a positive aspirate. We have not confirmed the high positive rate previously reported, but nevertheless transbronchial needle aspiration provided useful staging information in some patients. The technique is rapid, safe and simple, and can easily be applied in a routine bronchoscopy service for all patients with suspected cancer, or selected patients under active consideration for surgery. PMID- 3166930 TI - Nebuhaler technique. AB - Two Nebuhaler techniques were compared by measuring the response to terbutaline 0.25 mg in 13 asthmatic children. Five breaths each sufficient to operate the Nebuhaler valve resulted in greater bronchodilatation after 10 minutes (P less than 0.05) than two deep inspirations from residual volume each held for 5 seconds. The peak responses were similar and both methods produced significant bronchodilatation compared with placebo. Either method is satisfactory in children but the former is easier to perform. PMID- 3166931 TI - Bronchial ciliogenesis and oral steroid treatment in patients with asthma. AB - The effect of steroids on the ciliogenesis of bronchial epithelium has not previously been studied in asthmatics. Bronchial biopsies were taken during bronchoscopy from five asthmatics before and after oral steroid treatment, and studied by transmission electron microscopy. Two untreated healthy subjects served as controls. After treatment, ciliogenesis was abundant in all patients. PMID- 3166932 TI - Cryptogenic bilateral fibrosing pleuritis. AB - We describe four patients with bilateral pleural effusions progressing to diffuse pleural thickening for which we have been unable to find any evidence of an infective, embolic or occupational aetiology. In order to avoid confusion with diffuse pleural thickening attributable to asbestos-related disease, the term cryptogenic bilateral fibrosing pleuritis is suggested. The patients differed from those with pleural shadowing due to asbestos in that none of them gave a history of asbestos exposure, all were ill, presented with chest pain which was not always pleuritic in character, and had dyspnoea, cough or malaise. They had pleural effusions of variable size, pleural shadowing radiographically and raised sedimentation rates. Computed tomography revealed bilateral extensive pleural thickening in all cases. All four were HLA B44 positive. Histology showed that in all cases the pleura was thickened by fibrous tissue. Both layers were affected and the pleural space was often obliterated. Otherwise the pleural surface was covered by organizing fibrin. Focal collections of lymphocytes were often present when the fibrous tissue abutted on the subpleural fat. No asbestos bodies were seen in any of the cases and in one patient electron microscopic fibre counts showed no excess of asbestos. Pleural decortication was successful in three patients. In one of these, contralateral disease was successfully controlled with corticosteroids, but the fourth patient has not improved on corticosteroids. PMID- 3166933 TI - Stridor in childhood asthma. AB - Three asthmatic children are reported with shortness of breath due to stridor. The stridor was preceded by a deterioration in asthma control necessitating the introduction or increased dosage of a pressurized beclomethasone inhaler. The stridor mimicked asthmatic symptoms and was only differentiated by auscultation directly over the neck and by response to nebulized adrenaline. One child had a laryngeal foreign body which probably gained entry via a pressurized inhaler. PMID- 3166934 TI - Learned helplessness, self-worth motivation and attribution retraining for primary school children. PMID- 3166935 TI - Science and handedness. PMID- 3166936 TI - An investigation of the validity of the British Ability Scales with respect to the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised and the wide range achievement test-revised on a group of Canadian children. PMID- 3166937 TI - Patterns of performance on the British Ability Scales for a group of children with severe reading difficulties. PMID- 3166938 TI - Modulation by palmitoyl-carnitine of calcium activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activity and inhibition of melanoma cell growth. AB - Phospholipid-sensitive, Ca++-dependent protein kinase activity was investigated in the cytosol of melanoma cells. A protein kinase system was partially purified, and enzyme activity was found to be modulated by palmitoyl-carnitine. In order to link the actions of palmitoyl-carnitine on phospholipid-sensitive protein kinase activity and the already reported role of protein kinase C in cell division, we studied the action of palmitoyl-carnitine on melanoma cell growth by measuring colony forming ability in a soft agar culture system. Palmitoyl-carnitine was found to inhibit cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that palmitoyl-carnitine (or long-chain acylcarnitine), a naturally occurring metabolite, may play a key role in the onset of cell division. We suggest that the action of palmitoyl-carnitine on phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activity is in part related to the molecular events linking protein kinase C activity and the ionic events in the initiation of cell growth. PMID- 3166939 TI - Preliminary identification of a low molecular weight serological mediator in chronic idiopathic urticaria. AB - Sixteen patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria were skin tested with their own serum, IO with autologous plasma and five with serum that had been heated to 56 degrees C to inactivate complement. Eight showed a weal and flare response to whole serum, four to plasma and five to heat-treated serum. All serum-positive patients showed the same response to their own plasma and to heated serum, indicating that the mediator concerned is not generated by clotting and is not dependent on a functioning complement pathway. Three control subjects were negative to autologous serum, plasma and heated serum. Local tachyphylaxis was demonstrated in five serum-positive patients on reinjection of the same site with autologous serum on 3 consecutive days. This raises the possibility that the serological mediator may be acting by mast cell degranulation or directly on receptors in blood vessels and that repeated injections could induce a change in the number of receptors. Passage of whole autologous serum from four serum positive patients through ultrafiltration membranes showed that fractions with a molecular weight of less than 30,000 daltons were still able to produce a positive skin test response, but those less than 1000 daltons were not. All serum fractions from two serum-negative patients and three normal controls were negative. Whole autologous serum from five serum-positive patients and two control subjects were separated by column chromatography. On skin testing with pooled fractions, the greatest response was produced by fractions of 10,000 15,000 daltons in the serum-positive patients, but there was no response in the controls. PMID- 3166940 TI - Ocular findings and skin histology in a group of patients with X-linked ichthyosis. AB - We carried out ophthalmological examinations, and histopathological examinations of skin biopsies in 32 male patients affected by X-linked ichthyosis. We found corneal opacities in only five patients, and their presence was not related to the age of the patients. Skin histology revealed a reduction of the granular layer in nine cases, a finding previously thought to be typical of autosomal dominant ichthyosis vulgaris. PMID- 3166941 TI - Cryotherapy for skin cancer: results over a 5-year period using liquid nitrogen spray cryosurgery. AB - Three hundred and ninety five selected non-melanoma skin cancers were treated and followed up during the period 1981-1986, using a standardized cryosurgical technique. There was an overall cure rate of 97%. Recurrences were seen in 6 out of 225 (2.7%) treated basal cell carcinomas at a median time of 18 months, 1 of 34 (2.9%) squamous cell carcinomas, with a recurrence at 6 months post operatively and 1 out of 128 (0.8%) of Bowen's tumours which recurred 6 months after treatment. The patients were treated as out-patients using local anaesthesia and all tolerated the treatment well. This study has shown that cryosurgery is a safe, low cost and effective method of treating selected non melanoma skin cancer and produced excellent cosmetic results with a high cure rate. It is suggested that patients treated with cryosurgery are followed up carefully for 2 years post-operatively. PMID- 3166942 TI - Psoriasis of the scalp treated with Grenz rays or topical corticosteroid combined with Grenz rays. A comparative randomized trial. AB - To investigate the effect of Grenz ray therapy alone compared with Grenz rays combined with a topical corticosteroid (betamethasone dipropionate) in psoriasis of the scalp, 40 patients were randomized into two groups. One group received 4 Gy of Grenz rays administered on six occasions at intervals of 1 week and the other group was given the same Grenz ray treatment plus topical corticosteroid. The patients were assessed before and after Grenz ray therapy and were followed up for 6 months. Of the 37 patients who completed the trial 16 out of 19 (84%) of the patients in the Grenz ray group, and 13 out of 18 (72%) of the patients in the combination group healed. The remission time did not differ significantly between the two groups. Of the patients who healed, 5 of 16 patients in the Grenz ray only group and 4 of 13 patients in the combination group remained healed at 6 months. We conclude that Grenz ray therapy is a useful treatment modality for scalp psoriasis, but that the addition of a topical corticosteroid has only a minor effect. PMID- 3166943 TI - Two post-operative epidermoid cysts following realignment of the hallux nail. AB - We present a case in which two implantation epidermoid cysts appeared following surgical realignment of the hallux nail. Atypical features of this case were the very young age of the patient, the unusual direction of malalignment of the nail and the site and number of lesions. PMID- 3166944 TI - The effect of anti-reactional drugs on complement components in the type II, erythema nodosum leprosum, reaction. AB - Seventeen patients with the type II (erythema nodosum leprosum) (ENL) reaction were studied. They received multidrug therapy and also the anti-reactional drugs prednisolone clofazimine or chloroquin, and we measured serum levels of complement components before treatment and after the reaction had subsided. Factor B was significantly elevated after treatment with each of the three drugs. C3 levels were significantly increased after treatment, the largest change being in patients treated with clofazimine. In these patients there was also a concomitant decrease in C3d levels. This suggests that clofazimine has complement modulating activity and we would recommend it as the drug of choice in treatment of the ENL reaction. PMID- 3166945 TI - Koilonychia in Ladakhis. PMID- 3166947 TI - Commercially available tape for assessing 'skin type'. PMID- 3166946 TI - Contact urticaria caused by stinging nettles. PMID- 3166948 TI - Blood levels of cyclosporin. PMID- 3166949 TI - Broken bones--a gynaecological problem. PMID- 3166950 TI - Ectopic pregnancy in Aberdeen 1950-1985. AB - The reported incidence of ectopic pregnancy in Aberdeen City and suburbs (1950 1985), using as denominators maternities, pregnancies and women aged 15-44 years, has increased threefold since 1970 to 6.4/1000 pregnancies. This increased incidence persisted after the exclusion of previously sterilized women. A total of 11,128 women were sterilized in Aberdeen City and suburbs between 1960 and 1982; 36 ectopic pregnancies occurred in this sterilized population. The prevalence of ectopic pregnancy was 3.55/1000 sterilizations. This did not alter significantly over the period of study despite changes in the method of sterilization. However, due to the increased popularity of sterilization, the proportion of ectopic pregnancies in women who had been sterilized increased from 0% in the 1950s to 21% in the quinquennium 1975-1979. PMID- 3166952 TI - Intrauterine pressure studies in multigravid patients in spontaneous labour: effect of oxytocin augmentation in delayed first stage. AB - Uterine activity was assessed by measuring the uterine activity integral (UAI) in 116 black multigravid patients in spontaneous active labour at term. Although individual patients showed a wide range of mean UAI levels, normal labour (group I, n = 54) was associated with a mean UAI level of 1640 kPas/15 min which was higher than the mean level observed in patients in whom delay in cervical dilatation occurred in active labour. The patients who failed to progress in labour were treated with oxytocin infusion and 32 of them made good progress in labour and achieved vaginal delivery (group IIa: mean UAI pre-oxytocin treatment 1040 (SD 424) kPas/15 min, post-oxytocin 1890 (SD 559) kPas/15 min). The other 23 patients required operative delivery (group IIb) despite correction of uterine activity after oxytocin treatment (pre-oxytocin mean UAI 1230 (SD 570) kPas/15 min, post-oxytocin 1815 (SD 650) kPas/15 min). The rate of oxytocin infusion varied between patients from 2 to 16 mU/min but in 75% uterine activity was corrected to normal levels by a dose of less than or equal to 8 mU/min. It is concluded that delay in progress in labour is associated with lower intrauterine pressures than are present in normal labour, and that management of patients presenting with inefficient uterine action may benefit from the use of uterine activity integral measurements. PMID- 3166951 TI - Studies on the effects of nitrendipine on oxytocin-, angiotensin II- and ergometrine-induced contraction of pregnant human myometrium in vitro. AB - Calcium channel blockers inhibit myometrial contractility by preventing the increase in intracellular free calcium which follows stimulation. They could thus be useful in treating premature labour. The effect of nitrendipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist, on the contractile response of strips of pregnant human myometrium to oxytocin, angiotensin II (AII) and ergometrine has been examined. A total of 68 tissue strips were studied, with random allocation to treatment group. Initial concentration: response curves to one of the three agonists were determined; the concentration:response determinations were repeated in the presence or absence of nitrendipine at 10(-9)M. The initial EC50S for tissues exposed to oxytocin and AII were 8.2 X 10(-10)M and 3.4 X 10( 8)M respectively. The contractile response to both agonists was significantly blunted in the presence of nitrendipine (ANOVA; P less than 0.001 for both agents). This effect was greatest at high agonist concentrations. The initial EC50S for tissues exposed to ergometrine was 3.9 X 10(-8)M. Exposure to nitrendipine blunted the response (ANOVA; P less than 0.001), an effect most marked at low concentrations of ergometrine. The effect of nitrendipine on myometrial responses to the naturally occurring hormones oxytocin and AII supports suggestions of a role for it in inhibiting premature labour. PMID- 3166953 TI - Multiple caesarean sections: outcomes and complications. AB - The outcome and complications of caesarean section were compared between 64 women who had had between three and eight previous sections (mean four) and 61 women sectioned for the first or second time. Gestational age was slightly less in the group with multiple operations. Of the women with three or more previous sections 27% had developed a fenestration in the transverse uterine scar; this was symptomless in half of them, and there was no associated severe ante- or intrapartum haemorrhage. Operation time was longer in women with multiple caesarean sections, and 13% required a caesarean hysterectomy. There were no other differences in the operative or postoperative courses between the two groups. In most women who have had multiple caesarean sections it is possible to wait for elective delivery until the fetus is mature. No absolute upper limit for the number of repeat caesarean sections can be given. PMID- 3166954 TI - The ultrastructural changes of the mucosa of blocked fallopian tubes. AB - The ultrastructure of the epithelium was studied in four blocked fallopian tubes which differed in the site of blockage and the degree of luminal distension. In all four specimens, there were large areas of the luminal surface which became barren and devoid of both the secretory and ciliated cells. Necrotic secretory cells and partially sloughed ciliated cells were observed in the remaining epithelium. Isolated patches of attenuated epithelium decorated with ciliated cells were sometimes found in the crypt of the mucosal folds. Results of this study suggest that pathological changes in the epithelium are common to tubes of both the terminal and cornual blockage. PMID- 3166956 TI - Successful pregnancy after radical surgery for diethylstilboestrol (DES)-related vaginal adenocarcinoma. Case report. PMID- 3166955 TI - Successful pregnancy after selective embolization of a post-molar vascular malformation. Case report. PMID- 3166957 TI - Angiomyolipoma of the vagina--an uncommon tumour. Case report. PMID- 3166958 TI - Breast sensitivity and lactational amenorrhoea. PMID- 3166959 TI - Early pregnancy termination: a comparison between vacuum aspiration and medical abortion using prostaglandin (16,16 dimethyl-trans-delta 2-PGE1 methyl ester) or the antiprogestogen RU 486. PMID- 3166960 TI - Three-dimensional measurement: the accuracy and precision of the reflex metrograph. AB - The Reflex Metrograph is an optical plotter which is linked directly to a microcomputer and allows direct three-dimensional measurements of irregular shaped objects up to 300 mm maximum dimension without contacting the object. This study shows that it is possible to generate reproducible results with an operator measurement error of less than 0.2 mm for linear distances on objects up to 200 mm maximum dimension. The Reflex Metrograph tends to undermeasure by 0.67% or by up to 2.00 mm per 300 mm and is very slightly less accurate in the vertical plane. The potential use of this measuring instrument is discussed. PMID- 3166961 TI - Three-dimensional measurement: the accuracy and precision of the Reflex Microscope. AB - The Reflex Microscope is an optical plotter which is linked directly to a microcomputer and allows direct three-dimensional measurements of irregular shaped objects up to 100 mm maximum dimension. This study shows that it is possible to generate reproducible results with an operator measurement error of less than 0.15 mm for linear distances. The Reflex Microscope tends to undermeasure by 0.28% or by up to 0.14 mm per 50 mm. There was no detectable difference in accuracy between the three planes X, Y and Z. In planes X and Y the two-dimensional accuracy at high magnification of a 1.000 mm scale was 1.004 mm in X and 1.008 mm in Y planes. PMID- 3166962 TI - A gnathodynanometer as an objective means of pain assessment following wisdom tooth removal. AB - There appears to be no information concerning changes in bite strength following wisdom tooth removal. A gnathodynanometer was constructed, calibrated and then tested on 20 normal subjects. Sixty five patients scheduled for third molar surgery were assessed by this device immediately before operation and on the seventh post-operative day. Post-operatively, they were asked to complete a McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ) and indicate their present pain on a numerical rating scale (NRS). Bite strength was reduced in all cases. The side which was most painful tended to have the larger reduction. The reduction in bite strength was found to have a highly significant correlation with the numerical rating scale and a significant correlation with the sensory descriptors of the McGill pain questionnaire. It would appear, therefore, that the gnathodynanometer holds promise as a research tool in oral surgery. PMID- 3166964 TI - A 30-year follow-up study of temporomandibular joint meniscectomies: a report on five patients. AB - Five patients who underwent temporomandibular joint (TMJ) meniscectomy 30 to 40 years ago were examined clinically and radiologically for functional limitations, pain or structural changes in the articular hard tissues. The results are presented and the role of meniscectomy in the treatment of persistent TMJ disorders is discussed. PMID- 3166963 TI - Are post-operative radiographs necessary in the management of simple fractures of the zygomatic complex? AB - Post-operative radiographs are usually requested, as an adjunct to clinical judgement, in the management of fractures of the facial skeleton. Unfortunately exposure to X-irradiation is not without risk. The request for radiographs should, therefore, be justified in every case. In this retrospective survey involving 183 simple fractures of the zygomatic complex, all treated via a Gillies temporal approach, only one required a further operation, under the criteria described. The findings in this study might be taken as evidence that clinical judgement alone is sufficient for post-operative evaluation and as such offers a challenge to the accepted protocol of requesting post-operative radiographs in such cases. PMID- 3166965 TI - Reconstruction of the palate using bilateral temporalis muscle flaps: a case report. AB - The functional deformity following removal of the maxilla is considerable. Rehabilitation used to be very difficult with prostheses or traditional flaps. Temporalis muscle flaps have been described for reconstruction following hemi maxillectomy, but not total maxillectomy. A case is now presented to illustrate the use of bilateral temporalis muscle flaps following almost total removal of the maxilla at a Le Fort I level. PMID- 3166966 TI - A cheek splitting approach to the posterior oral cavity: a case report. AB - A cheek splitting incision giving good access to lesions of the posterior region of the mouth is described. The incision is particularly useful when the CO2 laser is being used for the resection of malignant neoplasms. For cosmetic reasons the incision is most suitable in elderly patients. PMID- 3166967 TI - Osteomyelitis of the mandible associated with osteopetrosis: report of a case. AB - A 45-year-old Nigerian housewife with chronic osteomyelitis associated with osteopetrosis is described and discussed. Haematological and radiographical investigations on routine admission led to the secondary diagnosis of osteopetrosis. To our knowledge, this is the first case of osteomyelitis of jaws associated with osteopetrosis reported in an African. PMID- 3166968 TI - Orbital injury complicated by entrapment of the superior oblique tendon: a case report. AB - Fractures of the orbital roof are rare. Entrapment of the extraocular muscles in such fractures has not, to our knowledge, been reported previously. A case of acquired Brown's syndrome due to entrapment of the superior oblique muscle tendon in an orbital roof fracture is reported. PMID- 3166969 TI - Congenital imperforate parotid duct openings: a case report. AB - The apparent distress of a 3-month-old baby whilst feeding was investigated by his general medical practitioner. Swellings were noted in the parotid duct regions of the vestibule which enlarged and almost met in the midline when the baby cried. Incision of the swellings relieved the feeding difficulties. PMID- 3166970 TI - Congenital hemifacial hyperplasia. AB - A case of true hemifacial hyperplasia is described. This is an unusual condition which produces facial asymmetry by a marked, unilateral, localised overgrowth of all the tissues in the affected area, including, the facial soft tissues, bones and teeth. The patient is an eight-year-old Caucasian girl with congenital hemihyperplasia of the right side of her face. PMID- 3166971 TI - The behaviour of multiple loops in torsion. AB - The angular stiffness of a multiple looped span, subject to rotation about a vertical axis (torsion) and also to rotation about a horizontal or radial axis (mesio-distal tilt), have been derived using the complementary (strain) energy method. Experimental measurements on enlarged models were in good agreement with the values calculated from the theoretical relationships obtained. The variations in angular stiffness resulting from changes in the loop height, width, and position of clinical sized loops are discussed. PMID- 3166972 TI - Repeatability of head posture recordings from lateral cephalometric radiographs. AB - The mechanisms that control facial growth are still not known. One method for studying these mechanisms is the careful analysis of subjects with normal and aberrant growth patterns using standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs. It has been shown in normal subjects that head posture is related to facial development and that changes in head posture are influenced by changes in nasal respiratory resistance (NRR). In the determination of these associations it is therefore important to assemble cephalometric data from lateral skull radiographs that have been standardized for position as well as for natural head posture. The study demonstrates that a reproducible head posture position exists that can be recorded with a method error of only a few degrees. PMID- 3166973 TI - A Class III case--but how severe? AB - The treatment of a clinically moderately severe, crowded, Class III malocclusion in a pre-pubertal 12-year-old female patient, is described. At diagnosis, some difficulty was experienced in determining the severity of the skeletal element of the malocclusion. A treatment plan was chosen which permitted extensive lingual repositioning of the lower labial segment and the result remained stable several years out of retention. The reasons for this success, and the problems of reconciling cephalometric analysis with clinical judgement, are discussed. PMID- 3166974 TI - The diagnostic value of panoramic radiographs in children aged nine to ten years. AB - The increased awareness of the possible harmful effects of ionizing radiation has resulted in concern at the number of panoramic radiographs taken in General Dental Practice. A study has been carried out to examine the diagnostic value obtained from panoramic radiographs taken at 9-10 years of age. Nine-hundred-and eighty-two radiographs were examined and 261 (26.5 per cent) showed findings which would be of significance in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. PMID- 3166975 TI - A maxillary fourth molar? AB - A case is presented of misdiagnosis of a large mandibular cyst as a result of relying solely on orthopantomography. This demonstrates a pitfall in diagnostic radiology and illustrates the importance of clinical examination and intra-oral radiography. PMID- 3166976 TI - An interest in orthodontics. PMID- 3166978 TI - Human tissue factor contains thioester-linked palmitate and stearate on the cytoplasmic half-cystine. AB - The state of the five half-cystine residues in human tissue factor (TF) has been characterized. The results indicate that the four half-cystines in the extracellular domain of TF form two disulfide bonds and the half-cystine in the cytoplasmic region is acylated by palmitic acid and stearic acid. The extracellular disulfide cross-links, Cys49-Cys57 and Cys186-Cys209, were deduced from the analysis of tryptic peptides. Acylation of the cytoplasmic half-cystine was demonstrated by purifying and characterizing fibroblast TF from cells labeled with [3H]palmitic acid. Radiolabeled fibroblast TF was observed by autoradiography following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The tritiated material covalently bound to the protein was identified as [3H]palmitate and [3H]stearate by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Deacylation of TF with hydroxylamine resulted in the spontaneous generation of disulfide-linked TF dimers. This result suggests that the disulfide-linked TF dimer, a minor component of most TF preparations, and the recently described heterodimeric form of TF are artifacts produced by deacylation of Cys245 and subsequent interchain disulfide bond formation. PMID- 3166977 TI - Correction of the cDNA-derived protein sequence of prostatic spermine binding protein: pivotal role of tandem mass spectrometry in sequence analysis. AB - Spermine binding protein (SBP) is a rat ventral prostate protein that binds various polyamines, and the level of this protein and its mRNA is regulated by androgens. Previously, the cDNA for SBP was cloned and sequenced and an amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA. Data from cloned and sequenced and an amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA. Data from partial amino acid sequencing of the purified protein were consistent with the amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA. However, the amino terminus of the protein was blocked, and therefore, direct protein sequence information confirming the cDNA reading frame of this region could not be obtained by Edman degradation. We have now employed an integrated approach using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry, and conventional sequencing methodologies to establish the amino terminal sequence of the protein and to identify an amino acid sequence (35 residues) present in the purified protein but missing from the amino acid sequence deduced from cDNA clones for this protein. The missing piece of cDNA corresponds to an exon found in mouse genomic clones for a protein similar to rat SBP. Therefore, the cDNA clones for rat SBP may represent splicing variants that lack the sequence information of one exon. The blocked amino terminus of the protein was identified as 5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid. Mass spectrometry also provided evidence regarding glycosylation of the protein. The first of two potential glycosylation sites clearly carries carbohydrate; the second site is, at most, only partially glycosylated. PMID- 3166979 TI - Interaction of N-acetyl-4-epi-D-neuraminic acid with key enzymes of sialic acid metabolism. AB - In spite of the axially orientated hydroxy group at C-4, the benzyl alpha glycoside of N-acetyl-4-epi-D-neuraminic acid (4-epi-NeuAc) is a substrate for sialidases from Vibrio cholerae, Clostridium perfringens, and Arthrobacter ureafaciens, although to an extent which differs depending on the enzyme. Surprisingly, V. cholerae sialidase is by far the slowest acting enzyme; this is in contrast to its usual behavior. Fowl plague virus sialidase and bovine testis sialidase also cleave this glycoside slowly. 4-Epi-NeuAc is not a substrate for N acetylneuraminic acid aldolase from C. perfringens but reversibly inhibits the enzyme with a Ki = 2.3 mM. The N-acetylneuraminic acid analogue is not converted to the corresponding CMP-glycoside by CMP-sialic acid synthase from bovine brain; however, it is an effective reversible inhibitor of the enzyme. The kinetic properties were analyzed with an assay system at pH 9 as well as an assay system at pH 7.5. The results from Dixon and Hanes plots did not agree. Therefore, no conclusions about the mechanism of the inhibition could be reached. This is the first reported sialic acid analogue which can act as an inhibitor of CMP-sialic acid synthase. PMID- 3166980 TI - 3 beta-Hydroxy-5 beta-steroid dehydrogenase activity of human liver alcohol dehydrogenase is specific to gamma-subunits. AB - Human liver alcohol dehydrogenase [alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1 (ADH)] catalyzes the stereospecific oxidation of different 3 beta-hydroxy-5 beta steroids with ranges of Km from 46 to 320 microM and values of kcat from 7.0 to 72 min-1, pH 8.5. Only the class I isozymes containing gamma-subunits, gamma 1 gamma 1, alpha gamma 1, beta 1 gamma 1, gamma 2 gamma 2, and beta 1 gamma 2, catalyze oxidation of these steroids with kcat/Km ratios 4-10-fold greater than those for ethanol. In marked contrast, class I alpha alpha, alpha beta 1, and beta 1 beta 1, class II, and class III isozymes do not oxidize 3 beta-hydroxy-5 beta-steroids though they readily oxidize ethanol. 1,10-Phenanthroline and 4 methylpyrazole competitively inhibit both alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzed ethanol and 3 beta-hydroxy-5 beta-steroid oxidation demonstrating that the catalysis of both types of substrates occurs at the same active site. The gamma-subunit catalyzed oxidation of 3 beta-hydroxy-5 beta-steroids is the most specific catalytic function described thus far for any human liver alcohol dehydrogenase isozyme: there is no other isozyme that catalyzes this reaction. Testosterone, an allosteric inhibitor of ethanol oxidation specific for gamma-subunit-containing human liver ADH isozymes [Mardh, G., Falchuk, K. H., Auld, D. S., & Vallee, B. L. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 2836-2840], also noncompetitively inhibits gamma-subunit-catalyzed sterol oxidation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3166981 TI - NMR studies of the interaction of the antibiotic nogalamycin with the hexadeoxyribonucleotide duplex d(5'-GCATGC)2. AB - 1H resonance assignments in the NMR spectra of the self-complementary hexadeoxyribonucleoside pentaphosphate d(5'-GCATGC)2 and its complex with the antibiotic nogalamycin, together with interproton distance constraints obtained from two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) spectra, have enabled us to characterize the three-dimensional structure of these species in solution. In the complex described, two drug molecules are bound per duplex, in each of two equivalent binding sites, with full retention of the dyad symmetry. Twenty-eight NOE distance constraints between antibiotic and nucleotide protons define the position and orientation of the bound drug molecule. Nogalamycin intercalates at the 5'-CA and 5'-TG steps with the major axis of the anthracycline chromophore aligned approximately at right angles to the major axes of the base pairs. The nogalose sugar occupies the minor groove of the helix and makes many contacts with the deoxyribose moieties of three nucleotides along one strand of the duplex in the 5'-TGC segment. The charged dimethylamino group and hydroxyl functions of the bicyclic sugar lie in the major groove juxtaposed to the guanine base, the bridging atoms of the bicyclic sugar making contacts with the methyl group of the thymine. Thus the antibiotic is not symmetrically disposed in the intercalation site but is in close contact in both grooves with atoms comprising the 5'-TGC strand. The intercalation cavity is wedge-shaped, the major axes of the base pairs forming the site being tilted with respect to one another. All base-pair hydrogen-bonding interactions are maintained in the complex, and there is no evidence for Hoogsteen pairing. The free duplex adopts a regular right-handed B type conformation in which all glycosidic bond angles are anti and all sugar puckers lie in the C2'-endo range. In the complex the glycosidic bond angles and the sugar puckers deviate little from those observed for the duplex alone. The presence of two bound nogalamycin molecules substantially slows the "breathing" motions of the base pairs forming the intercalation cavity, and the observation of two downfield-shifted resonances in the 31P NMR spectrum of the complex suggests a pronounced local helix unwinding at the drug binding site. The footprinting data of Fox and Waring [Fox, K.R., & Waring, M.J. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 4349-4356] imply that the highest affinity binding sites of nogalamycin have the sequence 5'-GCA (or 5'-TGC).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3166982 TI - Sugar pucker and phosphodiester conformations in viral genomes of filamentous bacteriophages: fd, If1, IKe, Pf1, Xf, and Pf3. AB - The laser Raman spectra of filamentous viruses contain discrete bands which are assignable to molecular vibrations of the encapsidated, single-stranded DNA genomes and which are informative of their molecular conformations. Discrimination between Raman bands of the DNA and those of the coat proteins is facilitated by analysis of viruses containing deuterium-labeled amino acids. Specific DNA vibrational assignments are based upon previous studies of A-, B-, and Z-DNA oligonucleotide crystals of known structure [Thomas, G.J., Jr., & Wang, A.H.-J. (1988) in Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology (Eckstein, F., & Lilley, D.M.J., Eds.) Vol. 2, Springer-Verlag, Berlin]. The present results show that canonical DNA structures are absent from six filamentous viruses: fd, If1, IKe, Pfl, Xf, and Pf3. The DNAs in three viruses of symmetry class I (fd, If1, IKe) contain very similar nucleoside sugar puckers and glycosyl torsions, deduced to be C3'-endo/anti. However, nucleoside conformations are not the same among the three class II viruses examined: Pf1 and Xf DNAs contain similar conformers, deduced to be C2'-endo/anti, whereas Pf3 DNA exhibits bands usually associated with C3'-endo/anti conformers. Conformation-sensitive Raman bands of the DNA 3'-C O-P-O-C-5' groups show that in all class I viruses and in Pf1 the ssDNA backbones do not contain regularly ordered phosphodiester group geometries, like those found in ordered single- and double-stranded nucleic acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3166983 TI - Chemical and biological studies of the major DNA adduct of cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II), cis-[Pt(NH3)2(d(GpG]], built into a specific site in a viral genome. AB - A duplex Escherichia coli bacteriophage M13 genome was constructed containing a single cis-[Pt(NH3)2(d(GpG]] intrastrand cross-link, the major DNA adduct of the anticancer drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II). The duplex dodecamer d(AGAAGGCCTAGA).d(TCTAGGCCTTCT) was ligated into the HincII site of M13mp18 to produce an insertion mutant containing a unique StuI restriction enzyme cleavage site. A genome with a 12-base gap in the minus strand was created by hybridizing HincII-linearized M13mp18 duplex DNA with the single-stranded circular DNA of the 12-base insertion mutant. The dodecamer d(TCTAGGCCTTCT) was synthesized by the solid-phase phosphotriester method and platinated by reaction with cis [Pt(NH3)2(H2O)2]2+ (yield 39%). Characterization by pH-dependent 1H NMR spectroscopy established that platinum binds to the N7 positions of the adjacent guanosines. The platinated oligonucleotide was phosphorylated in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP with bacteriophage T4 polynucleotide kinase and incorporated into the 12-base gap of the heteroduplex, thus situating the adduct specifically within the StuI site in the minus strand of the genome. Approximately 80% of the gapped duplexes incorporated a dodecanucleotide in the ligation reaction. Of these, approximately half did so with the dodecanucleotide covalently joined to the genome at both 5' and 3' termini. The site of incorporation of the dodecamer was mapped to the expected 36-base region delimited by the recognition sites of XbaI and HindIII. The cis-[Pt(NH3)2(d(GpG]] cross-link completely inhibited StuI cleavage, which was fully restored following incubation of the platinated genome with cyanide to remove platinum as [Pt(CN)4]2-. Gradient denaturing gel electrophoresis of a 289-base-pair fragment encompassing the site of adduction revealed that the presence of the cis-[Pt(NH3)2(d(GpG]] cross-link induces localized weakening of the DNA double helix. In addition, double- and single stranded genomes, in which the cis-[Pt(NH3)2(d(GpG]] cross-link resides specifically in the plus strand, were constructed. Comparative studies revealed no difference in survival between platinated and unmodified double-stranded genomes. In contrast, survival of the single-stranded platinated genome was only 10-12% that of the corresponding unmodified single-stranded genome, indicating that the solitary cis-[Pt(NH3)2(d(GpG]] cross-link is lethal to the single stranded bacteriophage. PMID- 3166985 TI - Biosynthesis of the 2-(aminomethyl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)furan subunit of methanofuran. AB - 2H- and 13C-labeled precursors were used to establish the pathway for the biosynthesis of the 2-(aminomethyl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)furan (F1) component of methanofuran in methanogenic archaebacteria. The extent and position of the label incorporated into F1 were measured from the mass spectrum of the diacetyl derivative of F1. [1,2-13C2]Acetate was found to be incorporated into two separate positions of the F1 molecule as a unit. The extent of incorporation of 13C2 into each of these positions was the same as that observed for the incorporation of acetate into the alanine and proline produced by the cells. From [2,2,2-2H3]acetate, deuterium was incorporated into two separate sites of the F1 molecule, one containing up to two deuteriums and the other only one. On the basis of the fragmentation pattern of the F1 diacetyl derivative, it was determined that two deuteriums were incorporated into the hydroxymethyl group at C-4 and one was incorporated at C-3 of the furan ring. The extent and distribution of the incorporated deuterium at the C-4 methylene were the same as that observed for C-6 of the glucose produced by the cells. On the basis of this and additional information presented in this paper, it is concluded that F1 is generated by the condensation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate with pyruvate. The resulting dihydroxy-substituted tetrahydrofuran after elimination of 2 mol of water would produce the phosphate ester of 2-carboxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)furan. Reduction of the carboxylic acid to an aldehyde and subsequent transamination would produce the phosphate ester of F1. PMID- 3166984 TI - Rotational diffusion of a steroid molecule in phosphatidylcholine membranes: effects of alkyl chain length, unsaturation, and cholesterol as studied by a spin label method. AB - Rotational diffusion of cholestane spin-label (CSL), a sterol analogue, in various phosphatidylcholine (PC)-cholesterol membranes was systematically studied by computer simulation of steady-state ESR spectra as a function of chain length and unsaturation of alkyl chains, cholesterol mole fraction, and temperature for better understanding of phospholipid-cholesterol and cholesterol-cholesterol interactions. CSL motion in the membrane was treated as Brownian rotational diffusion of a rigid rod within the confines of a cone imposed by the membrane environment. The wobbling rotational diffusion constant of the long axis, its activation energy, and the cone angle of the confines are obtained for various membranes in the liquid-crystalline phase. The wobbling diffusion constant decreases in the order dilauroyl-PC greater than dimyristoyl-PC greater than dioleoyl-PC approximately dipalmitoyl-PC greater than distearoyl-PC greater than dioleoyl-PC/cholesterol = 3/1 greater than dioleoyl-PC/cholesterol = 1/1 membranes. Activation energy for the wobbling diffusion of the long axis of CSL is strongly dependent on alkyl chain length, unsaturation, and cholesterol mole fraction. It decreases with decrease in alkyl chain length and by introduction of unsaturation in the alkyl chains. In dioleoylphosphatidylcholine membranes, activation energy decreases by a factor of approximately 3 in the presence of 50 mol % cholesterol. Activation energy for wobbling diffusion of CSL in phosphatidylcholine membranes is smaller than the activation energy for translational diffusion of a phospholipid. The former is more dependent on alkyl chain length and unsaturation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3166986 TI - Mixing behavior of symmetric chain length and mixed chain length phosphatidylcholines in two-component multilamellar bilayers: evidence for gel and liquid-crystalline phase immiscibility. AB - The mixing behavior of symmetric chain length and mixed chain length phosphatidylcholines in two-component multilamellar bilayers has been investigated by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. Phase diagrams have been constructed for two-component bilayers composed of C(18)C(18)PC and either C(18)C(16)PC, C(18)C(14)PC, C(18)C(12)PC, or C(18)C(10)PC. It is found that C(18)C(18)PC-C(18)C(16)PC and C(18)C(18)PC C(18)C(14)PC mixed bilayers exhibit complete miscibility of the components in both the gel and liquid-crystalline phases. Whereas this mixing is observed to be nearly ideal for the C(18)C(18)PC-C(18)C(16)PC binary system, the intermixing of the lipids is highly nonideal in the gel phase of the C(18)C(18)PC-C(18)C(14)PC binary mixture. The C(18)C(18)PC-C(18)C(12)PC and C(18)C(18)PC-C(18)C(10)PC mixed bilayers are characterized by partial immiscibility of the phosphatidylcholine components in the bilayer gel phase. Over a large compositional range, these bilayers appear to consist of phase-separated regions of interdigitated and noninterdigitated gel phases. In addition, the C(18)C(18)PC-C(18)C(10)PC two component bilayer displays a limited region of liquid-liquid immiscibility in the liquid-crystalline bilayer phase. The phase separation of the mixed chain length phosphatidylcholines revealed in these mixed bilayers may represent a three dimensional phase separation of the lipid components where the phosphatidylcholines are both laterally separated within the plane of the bilayer and conformationally coupled across the bilayer. Such phase-separated domains could have profound effects on membrane structure and function if they were to occur in biological membranes. PMID- 3166987 TI - A series of fluorescent N-acylsphingosines: synthesis, physical properties, and studies in cultured cells. AB - We have previously shown that when cultured fibroblasts are briefly incubated at 2 degrees C with a fluorescent (NBD) analogue of ceramide, N-[N-(7-nitro-2,1,3 benzoxadiazol-4-yl)-epsilon-aminohexanoyl]-D-e rythro- sphingosine, fluorescent labeling of the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and nuclear envelope occurs. During further incubation at 37 degrees C, the Golgi apparatus and later the plasma membrane become intensely fluorescent. Concomitantly, the fluorescent ceramide is metabolized to fluorescent analogues of sphingomyelin and glucosylceramide [Lipsky, N. G., & Pagano, R. E. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 2608-2612]. In the present study we synthesized fluorescent N acylsphingosine analogues using various long-chain bases (D-erythro-sphingosine, L-erythro-sphingosine, D-threo-sphingosine, L-threo-sphingosine, D-erythro dihydrosphingosine, L-threo-dihydrosphingosine, phytosphingosine, and 3 ketosphingosine) and fluorescent fatty acids (epsilon-NBD-aminohexanoic acid; D- or L-alpha-OH-epsilon-NBD-aminohexanoic acid; D- or L-alpha-NBD-aminohexanoic acid). Using previously described resonance energy transfer assays, we examined the rates of spontaneous transfer of these compounds between liposomes and their ability to undergo transbilayer movement. The fluorescent N-acylsphingosine analogues had half-times for spontaneous transfer of 0.3-4.0 min at 25 degrees C, and all were capable of transbilayer movement in lipid vesicles. The metabolism and intracellular distribution of analogues in cultured fibroblasts were also studied. While most of the fluorescent N-acylsphingosines were significantly metabolized to the corresponding sphingomyelin analogues, metabolism to glucosylceramide was strongly dependent on the long-chain base and the stereochemistry of the fluorescent fatty acid moiety.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3166988 TI - Human placental estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase: evidence for inverted substrate orientation ("wrong-way" binding) at the active site. AB - Human placental estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.62) was affinity labeled with 17 alpha-estradiol 17-(bromo[2-14C]acetate) (10 microM) or 17 beta estradiol 17-(bromo[2-14C]acetate) (10 microM). The steroid bromoacetates competitively inhibit the enzyme (against 17 beta-estradiol) with Ki values of 90 microM (17 alpha bromoacetate) and 134 microM (17 beta bromoacetate). Inactivation of the enzyme followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with a t1/2 = 110 min (17 alpha bromoacetate) and t1/2 = 220 min (17 beta bromoacetate). Amino acid analysis of the affinity radioalkylated enzyme samples from the two bromoacetates revealed that N pi-(carboxy[14C]methyl)histidine was the modified amino acid labeled in each case. Digestion with trypsin produced peptides that were isolated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and found to contain N pi (carboxy[14C]methyl)histidine. Both the 17 alpha bromoacetate and also the 17 beta bromoacetate modified the same histidine in the peptide Phe-Tyr-Gln-Tyr-Leu Ala-His(pi-CM)-Ser-Lys. Previously, the same histidine had been exclusively labeled by estrone 3-(bromoacetate) and shown not to be directly involved in catalytic hydrogen transfer at the D-ring of estradiol. Therefore, this histidine was presumed to proximate the A-ring of the bound steroid substrate. The present results suggest that the 17 alpha bromoacetate and 17 beta bromoacetate D-ring analogues of estradiol react with the same active site histidine residue as estrone 3-(bromoacetate), the A-ring analogue of estrone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3166989 TI - 31P NMR probes of sipunculan erythrocytes containing the O2-carrying protein hemerythrin. AB - Reported are the first examinations by 31P NMR of erythrocytes containing the non heme iron O2-carrying protein hemerythrin (Hr). Intact coelomic erythrocytes from the sipunculids Phascolopsis gouldii and Themiste zostericola were shown by 31P NMR to contain O-phosphorylethanolamine and 2-aminoethylphosphonate as the major soluble phosphorus metabolites. This combination of major metabolites appears to be unique to sipunculan erythrocytes. Nucleoside triphosphates and mannose 1 phosphate were present in lower concentrations. The concentration of O phosphorylethanolamine within P. gouldii erythrocytes was established to be greater than 20 mM. T. zostericola erythrocytes contained relatively high levels of 2-aminoethylphosphonate (on the order of 0.1 M) and lower levels of O phosphorylethanolamine compared with those of P. gouldii. For P. gouldii and T. zostericola the intracellular pHs were determined to be 7.2 +/- 0.1 and 7.1 +/- 0.1, respectively, in air-equilibrated erythrocytes, and 6.5 +/- 0.1 in anaerobic P. gouldii erythrocytes. O-Phosphorylethanolamine was found to bind weakly to P. gouldii metHr (Kf approximately 7 M-1). This interaction is best characterized by either negative cooperativity or nonspecific binding. O-Phosphorylethanolamine strongly inhibits azide binding to the iron site of P. gouldii metHr at pH 7.2. The rate of azide binding decreases by approximately 85-fold in the presence of 0.33 M O-phosphorylethanolamine. However, neither O-phosphorylethanolamine nor 2 aminoethylphosphonate at 0.33 M was found to have any significant effect on O2 affinity of P. gouldii deoxyHr. Alternative functions for the two metabolites are suggested. PMID- 3166990 TI - 13C NMR studies of methylene and methine carbons of substrate bound to a 280,000 dalton protein, porphobilinogen synthase. AB - 13C NMR has been used to observe the equilibrium complex of [5,5-2H,5-13C]-5 aminolevulinate [( 5,5-2H,5-13C]ALA) bound to porphobilinogen (PBG) synthase (5 aminolevulinate dehydratase), a 280,000-dalton protein. [5,5-2H,5-13C]ALA (chemical shift 46.9 ppm in D2O) was prepared from [5-13C]ALA through enolization in deuteriated neutral potassium phosphate buffer. In the PBG synthase reaction [5,5-2H,5-13C]ALA forms [2,11,11-2H,2,11-13C]PBG (chemical shifts 116.2 ppm for C2 and 34.2 ppm for C11 in D2O). For the complex formed between [5,5-2H,5-13C]ALA and methyl methanethiosulfonate (MMTS) modified PBG synthase, which does not catalyze PBG formation but can form a Schiff base adduct, the chemical shift of 44.2 ppm (line width 92 Hz) identifies an imine structure as the predominant tautomeric form of the Schiff base. By comparison to model compounds, the stereochemistry of the imine has been deduced; however, the protonation state of the imine nitrogen remains unresolved. Reconstitution of the MMTS-modified enzyme Schiff base complex with Zn(II) and 2-mercaptoethanol results in the holoenzyme bound equilibrium complex; this complex contains predominantly enzyme-bound PBG, and spectra reveal two peaks from bound PBG and two from free PBG. For bound PBG, C2 is -2.8 ppm from the free signal and C11 is +2.6 ppm from the free signal; the line widths of the bound signals are 55 and 75 Hz, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3166991 TI - High-resolution NMR studies of fibrinogen-like peptides in solution: resonance assignments and conformational analysis of residues 1-23 of the A alpha chain of human fibrinogen. AB - The proton resonances of the following synthetic linear human fibrinogen-like peptides were completely assigned with two-dimensional NMR techniques in solution: Ala(1)-Asp-Ser-Gly-Glu-Gly-Asp(7)-Phe-Leu-Ala-Glu-Gly(12)-Gly(13) Gly(14)- Val(15)-Arg(16)-Gly-Pro-Arg-Val-Val-Glu-Arg (F10), Ala-Asp-Ser-Gly-Glu Gly-Asp-Phe-Leu-Ala-Glu-Gly-Gly(13)-Gly(14)-Val-Arg (F11), and Gly-Pro-Arg-Val Val-Glu-Arg (F12). No predominant structure was found in the chain segment from Ala(1) to Gly(6) for F10 in both H2O and dimethyl sulfoxide. The previous suggestion that there is a hairpin loop involving residues Gly(12) to Val(15) in the A alpha chain of human fibrinogen is supported by the slow backbone NH exchange rates of Gly(14) and Val(15), by an unusually small NH chemical shift of Val(15), and by strong sequential NOE's involving this region in F10. This local chain fold within residues Asp(7) to Val(20) may place the distant Phe residue near the Arg(16)-Gly(17) peptide bond which is cleaved by thrombin. PMID- 3166992 TI - Lipid-lipid interactions in reconstituted high-density lipoproteins by deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - Lipid-lipid interactions between the core and monolayer have been studied by using reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDLs) composed of apoHDL3 with either dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) or egg phosphatidylcholine (egg PC) as the monolayer and either cholesteryl oleate (CO) or triolein (TO) as the core. The effect of the monolayer on the core was observed by deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (2H NMR) studies of rHDLs containing the core component cholesteryl [18, 18, 18-2H3] oleate [( 2H3]CO) or tri[16,16-2H2]oleoylglycerol [( 2H6]TO) surrounded by a monolayer of either DPPC or egg PC as a function of temperature. The reverse effect, that of the core on the monolayer, was examined by both 2H and 31P NMR studies of rHDLs containing [5,5-2H2]PC in the presence of CO or TO as a function of temperature. The 2H NMR line widths of [2H3]CO and [2H6]TO were considerably broader and showed a greater temperature dependence in rHDLs containing DPPC than in those containing egg PC. Similarly, the C-2H order parameters of [2H2]PC were higher and showed a greater temperature dependence in rHDLs containing CO than in those containing TO. In contrast, the 31P NMR line widths were identical for both [2H2]-PC/CO/apoHDL3 and [2H2]PC/TO/apoHDL3 at 25 and 6 degrees C, showing only a slight temperature dependence. Thus, acyl chains of both the monolayer and core components show increased order when in contact with neighboring lipids of higher order. The data demonstrate a direct effect of core cholesteryl esters and triglycerides with the phospholipid monolayer of HDL. PMID- 3166993 TI - Apolipoproteins C-I, C-II, and C-III: kinetics of association with model membranes and intermembrane transfer. AB - The apoproteins (apo) C-I, C-II, and C-III are low molecular weight amphiphilic proteins that are associated with the lipid surface of the plasma chylomicron, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions. Purified apoC-I spontaneously reassociates with VLDL, HDL, and single-bilayer vesicles (SBV) of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine. ApoC-I also transfers reversibly from VLDL to HDL and from VLDL and HDL to SBV. The kinetics of association of the individual apoC proteins with SBV are second order overall and first order with respect to lipid and protein concentrations. At 37 degrees C, the rates of association were 2.5 x 10(10), 4.0 x 10(10) and 3.8 x 10(10) M-1 s-1 for apoC-I, apoC-II, and apoC-III, respectively. Arrhenius plots of association rate vs temperature were linear and yielded activation energies of 11.0 (apoC-I), 9.0 (apoC-II), and 10.6 kcal/mol (apoC-III). The kinetics of vesicle to vesicle apoprotein transfer are biexponential for intermembrane transfer, indicating two concurrent transfer processes. Rate constants at 37 degrees C for the fast component of dissociation were 11.7, 9.5, and 9.9 s-1, while rate constants for the slow component were 1.3, 0.6, and 0.9 s-1 for apoC-I, apoC-II, and apoC-III, respectively. The dissociation constants, Kd, of apoC-I, apoC-II, and apoC-III bound to the surface monolayer of phospholipid-coated latex beads were 0.5, 1.4, and 0.5 microM, respectively. These studies show that the apoC proteins are in dynamic equilibrium among phospholipid surfaces on a time scale that is rapid compared to lipolysis, lipid transfer, and lipoprotein turnover. PMID- 3166994 TI - Phosphorylation of alpha alpha- and beta beta-tropomyosin and synthetic peptide analogues. AB - A tropomyosin kinase partially purified from chicken embryos was used to study the phosphorylation mechanism of alpha alpha- and beta beta-tropomyosin and synthetic peptides containing the site of phosphorylation at Ser-283 and corresponding to residues 264-284 of the tropomyosin isoforms. The apparent Km is 47 microM for alpha alpha- and 265 microM for beta beta-tropomyosin, whereas the Vmax values are similar. The alpha [264-284] and beta [264-284] peptides have apparent Km values of 500 microM and 650 microM, respectively, and Vmax values similar to that of the intact tropomyosin. This indicates that the conformation of the phosphorylation site at the COOH-terminal end of tropomyosin contributes significantly to the phosphorylation of the substrate. Furthermore, the marginal difference in the Km values of the alpha- and beta-peptide cannot account for the 5-fold difference in the Km of the native alpha alpha and beta beta isoforms, suggesting that the conformations of alpha alpha- and beta beta-tropomyosin at the phosphorylation sites are significantly different. Phosphorylation of beta peptide analogues, each with a single substitution corresponding to the alpha sequence, indicates that His-276 and Ile-284 have negative influences on the phosphorylation of the beta-peptide, whereas Met-281 improves it. Direct analyses of the time courses of phosphorylation of alpha alpha-tropomyosin at 37 degrees C, where head-to-tail polymerization is minimized, show that a single exponential can fit the data satisfactorily. This indicates a random phosphorylation of two identical chains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3166995 TI - Orientation of actin monomer in the F-actin filament: radial coordinate of glutamine-41 and effect of myosin subfragment 1 binding on the monomer orientation. AB - We have employed the method of radial distance measurements in order to orient the actin monomer in the F-actin filament. This method utilizes fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements of the distance between two equivalent chemical points located on two different monomers. The interprobe distance obtained this way is used to compute the radial coordinate of the labeled amino acid [Taylor, D. L., Reidler, J., Spudich, J. A., & Stryer, L. (1981) J. Cell Biol. 89, 362-367]. Theoretical analysis has indicated that if radial coordinates of four points are determined and six intramolecular distances are known, one can, within symmetry limits, position the monomer about the filament axis. The radial distance of Gln-41 that had been enzymatically modified with dansyl, rhodamine, and fluorescein derivatives of cadaverine was found to be approximately 40-42 A. The determination of the radial distance of Cys-374 was accomplished by using monobromobimane and N-[[(iodoacetyl)amino]ethyl]-5- naphthylamine-1-sulfonate as donors and N-[4-[[4 (dimethylamino)phenyl]azo]phenyl]maleimide as acceptor; the results were consistent with a radial coordinate for this residue of 20-25 A. The effect of myosin subfragment 1 (S1) binding on the radial coordinates of (1) Gln-41, (2) Cys-374, and (3) the nucleotide binding site was also examined. S1 had a small effect on the radial coordinate of Gln-41, increasing it to 44-47 A. In the two remaining lases the change in the radial coordinate due to the S1 binding was negligible. This finding excludes certain models of the interaction between actin and S1 in which actin monomer rotates by a large angle when subfragment 1 binds to it. PMID- 3166996 TI - Cross-linking of proteins by aldotriose: reaction of the carbonyl function of the keto amines generated in situ with amino groups. AB - Nonreductive modification of proteins with glyceraldehyde forming 2-oxo-3 hydroxypropylated protein is mechanistically analogous to nonenzymic glycation reactions. The latent cross-linking potential of glyceraldehyde as a consequence of the reactivity of the carbonyl function of 2-oxo-3-hydroxypropyl groups of nonreductively modified protein has been now investigated. Reaction of RNase A (0.5 mM) with glyceraldehyde (20 mM) at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C for 4 h resulted in the intermolecular cross-linking of the protein, with the concomitant development of a yellow chromophore with two new absorption bands having maxima around 305 and 375 nm. The product exhibited a fluorescence that had excitation and emission maxima around 365 and 450 nm, respectively. The presence of NaCNBH3 during the reaction, which selectively reduces the Schiff base adducts of aldotriose to form 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups on proteins, inhibited both the cross-linking reaction and the development of the absorption and fluorescence characteristics. The hydroxymethyl group of the aldotriose is not an essential moiety since the cross-linking potential of glyceraldehyde is comparable to that of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The formation of cross-links appears to involve the carbonyl function of the keto amines resulting in the formation of Schiff base adducts (ketimine linkages) as the initial event. Consistent with this, incubation of 2-oxo-3-hydroxypropylated RNAse A with [14C]glycine ethyl ester resulted in the incorporation of the reagent into the protein. The cross-linking reaction was inhibited when the reaction of RNase A with glyceraldehyde was carried out in the presence of amino compounds, such as glycine ethyl ester, ethanolamine, glucosamine, and aminoguanidine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3166997 TI - Amino acid sequence of the nonsecretory ribonuclease of human urine. AB - The amino acid sequence of a nonsecretory ribonuclease isolated from human urine was determined except for the identity of the residue at position 7. Sequence information indicates that the ribonucleases of human liver and spleen and an eosinophil-derived neurotoxin are identical or very closely related gene products. The sequence is identical at about 30% of the amino acid positions with those of all of the secreted mammalian ribonucleases for which information is available. Identical residues include active-site residues histidine-12, histidine-119, and lysine-41, other residues known to be important for substrate binding and catalytic activity, and all eight half-cystine residues common to these enzymes. Major differences include a deletion of six residues in the (so called) S-peptide loop, insertions of two, and nine residues, respectively, in three other external loops of the molecule, and an addition of three residues at the amino terminus. The sequence shows the human nonsecretory ribonuclease to belong to the same ribonuclease superfamily as the mammalian secretory ribonucleases, turtle pancreatic ribonuclease, and human angiogenin. Sequence data suggest that a gene duplication occurred in an ancient vertebrate ancestor; one branch led to the nonsecretory ribonuclease, while the other branch led to a second duplication, with one line leading to the secretory ribonucleases (in mammals) and the second line leading to pancreatic ribonuclease in turtle and an angiogenic factor in mammals (human angiogenin). The nonsecretory ribonuclease has five short carbohydrate chains attached via asparagine residues at the surface of the molecule; these chains may have been shortened by exoglycosidase action.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3166998 TI - Influences of solvent water on protein folding: free energies of solvation of cis and trans peptides are nearly identical. AB - Peptide bonds interact so strongly with water that even a modest difference between the free energies of solvation of their cis and trans isomers could have a significant bearing on protein structure. However, proton magnetic resonance studies at high dilution in deuteriated solvents show that N-methylformamide exists as the cis isomer to the extent of 8% in water, 10.3% in chloroform, 8.8% in benzene, and 9.2% in cyclohexane. Integrated intensities of proton and carbon resonances show that N-methylacetamide exists as the cis isomer to the extent of only 1.5% in water, not changing much in nonpolar solvents. Quantum mechanical calculations using the 6-31G basis set reproduce these relative abundances with reasonable accuracy and show that there is little difference between the dipole moments of the cis and trans isomers, for either amide. The remarkable insensitivity of cis/trans equilibria to the solvent environment and the heavy preponderance of trans isomers regardless of the polarity of the surroundings (ca. 98.5% for N-methylacetamide, whose properties may resemble those of a typical peptide bond) accord with the overwhelming preference of peptide bonds for the trans configuration that is consistently observed in the three dimensional structures of globular proteins. PMID- 3166999 TI - Structure and stability of gamma-crystallins: tryptophan, tyrosine, and cysteine accessibility. AB - The solute perturbation techniques of fluorescence of tryptophan (Trp) and dye labeled thiol groups of cysteine as well as phosphorescence of tyrosine (Tyr) were utilized to obtain information on the relative solvent exposure and accessibility of these residues in gamma-crystallins. Both acrylamide and iodide quenchers were used to evaluate the quenching parameters in terms of accessibility and charge characteristics of the proteins. Stern-Volmer plots reveal the presence of more than one class of Trp residues in gamma-III and gamma IV, and these residues in gamma-II are least accessible compared to the other two. Both steady-state and lifetime quenching studies of the dye-labeled fluorescence indicate that distinct differences also exist among these crystallins in cysteine (Cys) accessibilities. All three proteins, gamma-II, gamma-III, and gamma-IV, show two distinct lifetime components of the dye-labeled Cys residues. Both components of gamma-II undergo dynamic quenching, whereas only the major component of the other two crystallins is affected by the quenchers. Addition of acrylamide causes a decrease in Tyr phosphorescence of gamma-III and gamma-IV, but no change in the emission of gamma-II. The decrease is attributed to the formation of a nonemittive ground-state complex between the acrylamide and Tyr of the proteins; the association constant, Ka, calculated from the emission data, has been considered as a measure of Tyr accessibility. Ka values indicate that Tyr residues in gamma-III are most exposed and accessible compared to those in the other two proteins. Results of quenching by iodide ion reveal significant differences in the surface charge of the proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167000 TI - Role of arginine-292 in the substrate specificity of aspartate aminotransferase as examined by site-directed mutagenesis. AB - X-ray crystallographic data have implicated Arg-292 as the residue responsible for the preferred side-chain substrate specificity of aspartate aminotransferase. It forms a salt bridge with the beta or gamma carboxylate group of the substrate [Kirsch, J. F., Eichele, G., Ford, G. C., Vincent, M. G., Jansonius, J. N., Gehring, H., & Christen, P. (1984) J. Mol. Biol. 174, 497-525]. In order to test this proposal and, in addition, to attempt to reverse the substrate charge specificity of this enzyme, Arg-292 has been converted to Asp-292 by site directed mutagenesis. The activity (kcat/KM) of the mutant enzyme, R292D, toward the natural anionic substrates L-aspartate, L-glutamate, and alpha-ketoglutarate is depressed by over 5 orders of magnitude, whereas the activity toward the keto acid pyruvate and a number of aromatic and other neutral amino acids is reduced by only 2-9 fold. These results confirm the proposal that Arg-292 is critical for the rapid turnover of substrates bearing anionic side chains and show further that, apart from the desired alteration, no major perturbations of the remainder of the molecule have been made. The activity of R292D toward the cationic amino acids L-arginine, L-lysine, and L-ornithine is increased by 9-16-fold over that of wild type and the ratio (kcat/KM)cationic/(kcat/KM)anionic is in the range 2 40-fold for R292D, whereas this ratio has a range of [(0.3-6) x 10(-6)]-fold for wild type. Thus, the mutation has produced an inversion of the substrate charge specificity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167001 TI - Structure of a ganglioside with Cad blood group antigen activity. AB - The Cad antigen is a rare erythrocyte blood group antigen expressed on both sialoglycoprotein and ganglioside structures. It is related both serologically and biochemically to the Sda blood group antigen expressed on over 90% of Caucasian erythrocytes. We reported previously that Cad erythrocytes contain a novel ganglioside that binds Helix pomatia lectin and inhibits human anti-Sda antibody. We have now purified the Cad ganglioside and determined its structure. The ganglioside contained Glc-Gal-GlcNAc-GalNAc-NeuAc in a molar ratio of 1.00:1.94:0.95:0.93:1.05. Its chromatographic mobility was between that of GM1 and GD3. After treatment with beta-hexosaminidase (human placenta Hex A), the product migrated with 2-3-sialosylparagloboside (IV3NeuAcnLc4OseCer), it no longer bound H. pomatia lectin, and it acquired the ability to bind an antibody to sialosylparagloboside. Treatment of this material with neuraminidase (Vibrio cholerae) yielded a product with the mobility of paragloboside (nLc4OseCer) that bound monoclonal antibody 1B2, which is specific for terminal N acetyllactosaminyl structures. Treatment of the Cad ganglioside with Arthrobacter ureafaciens neuraminidase yielded a product reactive with monoclonal antibody 2D4, which is specific for terminal GalNAc beta (1-4)Gal structures. These data provide strong evidence that the Cad ganglioside structure is GalNAc beta (1 4)[NeuAc alpha (2-3)]Gal beta (1-3)Gal beta (1-4)GlcCer. 1H NMR analysis also supports the conclusion that the terminal GalNAc is linked beta (1-4) to Gal. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic ganglioside patterns from three blood group Cad individuals showed a direct correlation between the quantity of Cad ganglioside and the strength of Cad antigen expression on the erythrocytes, as measured by hemagglutination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167002 TI - Synthetic branched-chain analogues of distearoylphosphatidylcholine: structure activity relationship in inhibiting and activating protein kinase C. AB - A series of distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) analogues having various branched alkyl chains were synthesized and tested for their abilities to regulate protein kinase C (PKC). The greatest improvement (about 3-fold) in the PKC inhibitory activity over that seen for the parental lipid (i.e., DSPC) was accomplished by substitution of 8-methylstearate at sn-2 and 16-methylstearate at both sn-1 and sn-2 positions of glycerol; substitutions at both sn-1 and sn-2 with 8-methylstearate, on the other hand, caused a decrease (about 4-fold) in its inhibitory activity. Introduction of butyl, phenyl, or keto functions to various positions in the fatty alkyl chain substituted at both sn-1- and sn-2 positions imparted upon the DSPC analogues an ability to potently stimulate PKC to an extent comparable to those attainable by diacylglycerol or phorbol ester; the analogues having substitution only at the sn-2 position, in comparison, had no or reduced stimulatory activity. The butyl, phenyl, and keto analogues of DSPC, as with DSPC itself and its methyl analogues, inhibited PKC at high concentrations. Kinetic analysis indicated that the methyl DSPC analogues inhibited the enzyme competitively with respect to phosphatidylserine (PS; a phospholipid cofactor) and Ca2+. The butyl analogues activated the enzyme without affecting its affinity for PS or Ca2+, indicating a mechanism different from that seen for diacylglycerol or phorbol ester. The inhibitory activity of the methyl DSPC analogues and the stimulatory activity of the butyl DSPC analogues were reduced when PKC was activated by phorbol ester. Both classes of the analogues were unable to compete for the binding of [3H]phorbol dibutyrate to PKC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167003 TI - Influence of head-group interactions on the miscibility of synthetic, stereochemically pure glycolipids and phospholipids. AB - Phase diagrams of binary mixtures of the glycoglycerolipids 1,2-di-O-tetradecyl-3 O-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol (14-Gal) and 1,2-di-O-tetradecyl-3-O-beta-D glucosyl-sn-glycerol (14-Glc) with the phospholipids L dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and L-dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) were recorded by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry and used for determination of the glycolipid-phospholipid miscibility in solid and liquid-crystalline states. As a consequence of a metastable behavior of both glycolipids and DMPE, the solid-state glycolipid/phospholipid miscibility was strongly dependent on the temperature prehistory of the samples. While DMPC and 14-Glc mix continuously, the other three binaries display extended regions of solid-solid-phase separation in the equilibrium low-temperature states. The DMPE/glycolipid phase diagrams were of clearly expressed eutectic type. Continuous solutions were formed in the liquid-crystalline and in the metastable solid phases of the mixtures. Simulations of the shape of the phase diagrams using the Bragg-Williams approximation showed certain deviations from ideal mixing in the liquid-crystalline continuous solutions. Since both glycolipids and phospholipids contain fully saturated fatty acids of equal chain length, their mixing properties were predominantly determined by the interactions between the lipid polar moieties, assuming the influence of ester or either linkages of the alkyl chains on the mixing parameters to be negligible. The clearly expressed differences in the mixing of 14-Glc and 14-Gal with phospholipids are most probably due to different hydrogen-bond networks formed by the glucosyl and galactosyl residues. PMID- 3167004 TI - Phospholipids chiral at phosphorus. Synthesis and stereospecificity of phosphorothioate analogues of platelet-activating factor. AB - RP and SP isomers of 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-3-thiophosphocholine (AGEPsC) have been synthesized. The activity of these isomers in platelet aggregation and serotonin secretion was compared with that of 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-3 phosphocholine (AGEPC). The results show that (SP)-AGEPsC has the same activity as AGEPC within experimental error in both assays. The RP isomer, however, is only 0.6-2% as active as AGEPC in platelet aggregation and serotonin release. The results suggest that the phosphate group of AGEPC is likely to be involved in the interactions with its receptor, at least in the events leading to platelet aggregation and secretion. PMID- 3167005 TI - Phospholipids chiral at phosphorus. Characterization of the sub-gel phase of thiophosphatidylcholines by use of X-ray diffraction, phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. AB - A recent study using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the thermotropic phase behavior of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-thiophosphocholine (DPPsC) is sensitive to the configuration at phosphorus and that the Rp isomer displayed only a broad transition at 45.6 degrees C [Wisner, D. A., Rosario Jansen, T., & Tsai, M.-D. (1986) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108, 8064-8068]. We have employed X-ray diffraction, 31P NMR, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to characterize various phases of the isomers of DPPsC, to compare the structural differences between 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and isomers of DPPsC, and to identify structural factors responsible for the unique behavior of the RP isomer. The results from all three techniques support the previous proposal based on DSC studies that (SP)- and (RP + SP)-DPPsC undergo a subtransition, a pretransition, and a main transition analogous to those of DPPC, while (RP)-DPPsC is quite stable at the subgel phase and undergoes a direct subgel----liquid-crystalline transition at 46 degrees C. Quantitative differences between DPPC and DPPsC (i.e., the effect of sulfur substitution rather than the configurational effect) in the subgel phase have also been observed in the chain spacing, the motional averaging, and the factor group splitting (revealed by X-ray diffraction, 31P NMR, and FT-IR, respectively). In particular, DPPsC isomers are motionally rigid and show enhanced factor group splitting in the subgel phase. These results suggest that DPPsC is packed in different subcells relative to DPPC in the subgel phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167006 TI - Calorimetric and spectroscopic studies of lipid thermotropic phase behavior in liver inner mitochondrial membranes from a mammalian hibernator. AB - Arrhenius plots of various enzyme and transport systems associated with the liver mitochondrial inner membranes of ground squirrels exhibit changes in slope at temperatures of 20-25 degrees C in nonhibernating but not in hibernating animals. It has been proposed that the Arrhenius breaks observed in nonhibernating animals are the result of a gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition of the mitochondrial membrane lipids, which also occurs at 20-25 degrees C, and that the absence of such breaks in hibernating animals is due to a major depression of this lipid phase transition to temperatures below 4 degrees C. In order to test this hypothesis, we have examined the thermotropic phase behavior of liver inner mitochondrial membranes from hibernating and nonhibernating Richardson's ground squirrels, Spermophilus richardsonii, by differential scanning calorimetry and by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance and fluorescence polarization spectroscopy. Each of these techniques indicates that no lipid phase transition occurs in the membranes of either hibernating or nonhibernating ground squirrels within the physiological temperature range of this animal (4-37 degrees C). Moreover, differential scanning calorimetric measurements indicate that only a small depression of the lipid gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition, which is centered at about -5 degrees C in nonhibernating animals and at about -9 degrees C in hibernators, occurs. We thus conclude that the Arrhenius plot breaks observed in some membrane-associated enzymatic and transport activities of nonhibernating animals are not the result of a lipid phase transition and that a major shift in the gel to liquid-crystalline lipid phase transition temperature is not responsible for seasonal changes in the thermal behavior of these inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. PMID- 3167007 TI - Lymphoma-vesicle interactions: vesicle adsorption, membrane fragmentation, and intermembrane protein transfer. AB - Sonicated dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles interact with cultured murine lymphoma (BL/VL3) to generate complexes of vesicle and cell membrane components. Cell-free supernatants harvested after cell-vesicle incubations contain three distinct lipid species that can be separated by density gradient centrifugation. Analysis of protein and lipid composition and assays for cell and vesicle lumen contents reveal that the densest of the three lipid species comprises sealed plasma membrane fragments complexed with vesicles, while the least dense species is indistinguishable from pure phospholipid vesicles. The third, intermediate density species consists of topologically intact vesicles with associated plasma membrane proteins but without detectable cell lipids or cytoplasmic components. The membrane fragmentation and cell-to-vesicle protein transfer observed during lymphoma-vesicle incubations are examined as functions of cell and vesicle concentrations and incubation time. PMID- 3167008 TI - Vesicle-to-cell protein transfer: insertion of band 3, the erythrocyte anion transporter, into lymphoid cells. AB - Band 3, the erythrocyte anion transporter, transfers spontaneously between human red cells and model membranes. During incubation of intact erythrocytes with sonicated dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, the transporter inserts in functional form and native orientation into the liposome bilayer, with the cytoplasmic segment of the protein contacting the lumen of the vesicle [Newton, A. C., Cook, S. L., & Huestis, W. H. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 6110-6117; Huestis, W. H., & Newton, A. C. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 16274-16278]. When band 3 vesicle complexes are incubated with erythrocytes whose native band 3 has been inhibited irreversibly, reverse transfer of the protein restores anion transport capacity to the cells [Newton, A. C., Cook, S. L., & Huestis, W. H. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 6110-6117]. Here we report the vesicle-mediated transfer of band 3 to human peripheral blood lymphocytes and to cultured murine lymphoma cells (BL/VL3). Subsequent to incubation with protein-vesicle complexes, both lymphoid cell types exhibit a 2-4-fold increase in the rate of chloride uptake. This enhanced permeability is inhibited greater than or equal to 98% by the exofacial band 3 inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid, consistent with right-side-out insertion of functional band 3 into the lymphoid cell membrane. PMID- 3167009 TI - Interactions of the local anesthetic tetracaine with membranes containing phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol: a 2H NMR study. AB - The interactions of the local anesthetic tetracaine with multilamellar dispersions of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and cholesterol have been investigated by deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance of specifically deuteriated tetracaines, DMPC and cholesterol. Experiments were performed at pH 5.5, when the anesthetic is primarily charged, and at pH 9.5, when it is primarily uncharged. The partition coefficients of the anesthetic in the membrane have been measured at both pH values for phosphatidylcholine bilayers with and without cholesterol. The higher partition coefficients obtained at pH 9.5 reflect the hydrophobic interactions between the uncharged form of the anesthetic and the hydrocarbon region of the bilayer. The lower partition coefficients for the DMPC/cholesterol system at both pH values suggest that cholesterol, which increases the order of the lipid chains, decreases the solubility of tetracaine into the bilayer. For phosphatidylcholine bilayers, it has been proposed [Boulanger, Y., Schreier, S., & Smith, I. C. P. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 6824 6830] that the charged tetracaine at low pH is located mostly at the phospholipid headgroup level while the uncharged tetracaine intercalates more deeply into the bilayer. The present study suggests that the location of tetracaine in the cholesterol-containing system is different from that in pure phosphatidylcholine bilayers: the anesthetic sits higher in the membrane. An increase in temperature results in a deeper penetration of the anesthetic into the bilayer. Moreover, the incorporation of the anesthetic into DMPC bilayers with or without cholesterol results in a reduction of the lipid order parameters both in the plateau and in the tail regions of the acyl chains, this effect being greater with the charged form of the anesthetic. PMID- 3167010 TI - Thermomechanical and transition properties of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol bilayers. AB - Mixtures of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and cholesterol (Chol) have been used to examine the effects of cholesterol on the chain crystallization transitions and thermomechanical properties in phospholipid bilayer membranes. The mechanical properties--elastic moduli and level of tension at membrane rupture--were derived from micropipet pressurization of giant single-walled vesicles. Also, the micropipet method allowed temperature-dependent area transitions to be measured at constant membrane tension. X-ray diffraction measurements were made on selected lipid/cholesterol mixtures. Wide-angle patterns and electron density profiles were used to measure bilayer thickness as an indication of chain tilt and fluidity. Vesicle area versus temperature plots showed that the main acyl chain crystallization transition of DMPC broadened and shifted to higher temperatures. Both above and below the broad transition, the elastic area compressibility modulus, K, was greatly increased with cholesterol addition. The value for the 1:1 DMPC/Chol complex was found to be approximately 700 dyn/cm, comparable to that for DMPC in the L beta' phase. However, for all concentrations above 12.5 mol % (which was weakly solid), vesicle bilayers behaved as surface liquids with no surface shear rigidity even at temperatures well below the DMPC phase transition. Area changes over the broadened transitions were reduced by cholesterol and disappeared with the addition of 50 mol % to leave the thermal area expansivity at 1.3 X 10(-3)/degrees C. These area changes are consistent with separate formation of a 1:1 DMPC/Chol complex that does not condense plus residual free lipid and lipid loosely associated with the 1:1 complex that freezes normally.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167011 TI - Higher order structure of chloroplastic 5S ribosomal RNA from spinach. AB - The secondary and tertiary structure of chloroplastic 5S ribosomal RNA from spinach was investigated by the use of several chemical and enzymatic structure probes. The four bases were monitored at one of their Watson-Crick base-pairing positions with dimethyl sulfate [at A(N1) and C(N3)] and with 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2 morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate [at G(N1) and U(N3)]. Position N7 of purines was probed with diethyl pyrocarbonate (adenines) and with dimethyl sulfate (guanines). Ethylnitrosourea was used to probe phosphate involved in tertiary interaction or in cation coordination. In order to estimate the degree of stability of helices, the various chemical reagents were employed under "native" conditions (300 mM KCl and 20 mM magnesium at 37 degrees C), under "semidenaturing" conditions [1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at 37 degrees C], and under denaturing conditions (1 mM EDTA at 90 degrees C). Unstructured regions were also tested with single-strand-specific nucleases T1, U2, and S1 and double-stranded or stacked regions with RNase V1 from cobra Naja naja oxiana venom. The results confirm the existence of the five helices and the two external loops proposed in the consensus model of 5S rRNA. However, the regions depicted as unpaired internal loops appear to be folded into a more complex conformation. A three-dimensional model derived from the present data and graphic modeling for a region encompassing helix IV, helix V, loop D, and loop E (nucleotides 70-110) is proposed. Nucleotides in the so-called loop E (73-79/100 106) display unusual features: Noncanonical base pairs (A-A and A-G) are formed, and three nucleotides (C75, U78, and U105) are bulging out. This region adopts an unwound and extended conformation that can be well suited for tertiary interactions or for protein binding. Several bases and phosphates candidate for the tertiary folding of the RNA were also identified. PMID- 3167012 TI - Enhanced DNA repair as a mechanism of resistance to cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II). AB - Murine leukemia L1210 cells, either sensitive or resistant to the toxic action of the cancer chemotherapeutic agent cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), have been studied for potential differences in the formation and repair of drug-induced DNA damage. The sensitivity for these experiments was obtained by using the radiolabeled analogue [3H]-cis-dichloro(ethylenediamine)platinum(II). The resistant cells demonstrated a 40% reduction in drug accumulation but a qualitatively similar profile of DNA-bound adducts. These adducts resembled those previously characterized in pure DNA and represented intrastrand cross-links at GG, AG, and GNG (N is any nucleotide) sequences in DNA. Repair of these cross links occurred in a biphasic manner: rapid for the first 6 h and then much slower. The resistant cells removed up to 4 times as many adducts during the rapid phase of repair. The extent of this repair did not directly correlate with the degree of resistance in that cells with 100-fold resistance were only slightly more effective at repair than cells with 20-fold resistance. Therefore, although enhanced DNA repair is thought to contribute markedly to drug resistance, other mechanisms for tolerance of DNA damage may also occur in these cells. PMID- 3167013 TI - Study of the specific heme orientation in reconstituted hemoglobins. AB - NMR studies of the recombination reaction of apohemoglobin derivatives with natural and unnatural hemes and of the heme-exchange reaction for reconstituted hemoglobin have revealed that the heme is incorporated into the apoprotein with stereospecific heme orientations dependent upon the heme peripheral 2,4 substituents and the axial iron ligand(s). Heme orientations also depend on whether recombination occurs at the alpha or beta subunit and on whether or not the complementary subunit is occupied by the heme. In the recombination reaction with the azido complex of deuterohemin, the alpha subunit of the apohemoglobin preferentially combines with the hemin in the "disordered" heme orientation, whereas protohemin is inserted in either of two heme orientations. Mesohemin inserts predominantly in the "native" heme orientation. For the beta subunit, specific heme orientation was also encountered, but the specificity was somewhat different from that of the alpha subunit. It was also shown that the specific heme orientation in both subunits is substantially affected by the axial heme ligands. These findings imply that apohemoglobin senses the steric bulkiness of both the porphyrin 2,4-substituents and the axial iron ligands in the heme apoprotein recombination reaction. To gain an insight into the effect of the protein structure, the heme reconstitution reaction of semihemoglobin, demonstrating that the heme orientation in the reconstituted semihemoglobin with the azido-deuterohemin complex was in the native form, was also examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167015 TI - Stability mutants of staphylococcal nuclease: large compensating enthalpy-entropy changes for the reversible denaturation reaction. AB - By use of intrinsic fluorescence to determine the apparent equilibrium constant Kapp as a function of temperature, the midpoint temperature Tm and apparent enthalpy change delta Happ on reversible thermal denaturation have been determined over a range of pH values for wild-type staphylococcal nuclease and six mutant forms. For wild-type nuclease at pH 7.0, a Tm of 53.3 +/- 0.2 degrees C and a delta Happ of 86.8 +/- 1.4 kcal/mol were obtained, in reasonable agreement with values determined calorimetrically, 52.8 degrees C and 96 +/- 2 kcal/mol. The heat capacity change on denaturation delta Cp was estimated at 1.8 kcal/(mol K) versus the calorimetric value of 2.2 kcal/(mol K). When values of delta Happ and delta Sapp for a series of mutant nucleases that exhibit markedly altered denaturation behavior with guanidine hydrochloride and urea were compared at the same temperature, compensating changes in enthalpy and entropy were observed that greatly reduce the overall effect of the mutations on the free energy of denaturation. In addition, a correlation was found between the estimated delta Cp for the mutant proteins and the d(delta Gapp)/dC for guanidine hydrochloride denaturation. It is proposed that both the enthalpy/entropy compensation and this correlation between two seemingly unrelated denaturation parameters are consequences of large changes in the solvation of the denatured state that result from the mutant amino acid substitutions. PMID- 3167014 TI - Amino acid sequences of substrate-binding sites in chicken liver fatty acid synthase. AB - The amino acid sequences of three essential regions of chicken liver fatty acid synthase have been determined: that around 4'-phosphopantetheine ("carrier" site), the substrate "loading" site containing serine, and a "waiting" site for the growing fatty acid containing cysteine. The amino acid sequence of the 4' phosphopantetheine region was determined for the acetyl-, malonyl-, hydroxybutyryl-, and butyryl-enzyme with peptides obtained by hydrolysis of the enzyme with trypsin and Staphylococcus aureus (V8) protease. The sequence region around the essential serine was obtained for the acetyl- and malonyl-enzyme. The N-terminus of the tryptic peptide was blocked. However, the same sequence is obtained for the acetyl- and malonyl-peptide after S. aureus protease digestion, suggesting that the enzyme contains a single acyl transferase rather than two separate transacylases. The sequence around the cysteine was obtained by use of a radioactive iodoacetamide label. An unusual sequence of three serines adjacent to the cysteine was found. The strong similarities between peptides from different species for all three of the regions suggest that the multifunctional polypeptides from yeast and animals have evolved from the monofunctional enzymes of lower species. PMID- 3167016 TI - Purification and biochemical characterization of atroxase, a nonhemorrhagic fibrinolytic protease from western diamondback rattlesnake venom. AB - Crotalus atrox venom contains a variety of proteases which render fibrinogen incoagulable and solubilize fibrin. One of these proteases was purified by using ion-exchange and gel permeation liquid chromatography. The protease, called atroxase, consists of a single nonglycosylated polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 23,500 and an isoelectric point of pH 9.6. Amino acid analysis indicates atroxase to contain 206 residues with no sulfhydryl groups. Metal analysis found zinc and potassium at 1 mol/mol of protein, and calcium at 0.3 mol/mol of protein. Proteolytic activity is inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetate and alpha 2-macroglobulin. Maximal proteolytic activity occurs at pH 9.0 and 55 degrees C. Proteolytic specificity, using oxidized insulin B chain, is similar to that of several hemorrhagic toxins found within the same venom, yet atroxase shows no hemorrhagic activity and exhibits low lethality when tested on Swiss Webster mice. Atroxase, an A alpha, B beta fibrinogenase, cleaves the A alpha chain of fibrinogen first followed by the B beta chain and shows no effect on the gamma chain. The nonspecific action of the enzyme results in the extensive hydrolysis of fibrinogen which releases a variety of fibrinopeptides. Fibrin solubilization appears to occur primarily from the hydrolysis of alpha-polymer and unpolymerized alpha and beta chains. Although crude venom induces platelet aggregation, atroxase demonstrated no ability to induce or inhibit aggregation. PMID- 3167017 TI - Kinetics of acylglycerol sequential hydrolysis by human milk bile salt activated lipase and effect of taurocholate as fatty acid acceptor. AB - The simplest reaction scheme for the conversion of trioleoylglycerol to glycerol catalyzed by human milk bile salt activated lipase can be described by consecutive first-order reactions: triacylglycerol k1----diacylglycerol k2--- monoacylglycerol k3----glycerol. In these equations, k1, k2, and k3 represent the pseudo-first-order rate constants for the indicated reactions. The results from this study show that although the relative ratio of k2/k1 or k3/k1 may change somewhat, depending on the reaction conditions, the enzyme has a reactivity with the order of dioleoylglycerol greater than trioleoylglycerol greater than monooleoylglycerol. The incomplete equilibration of the intermediary diacylglycerol and monoacylglycerol with the bulk of the substrate during sequential lipolysis of triacylglycerol provides a means for their efficient lipolysis and minimizes the effect of partial acylglycerol as competitive substrates for intact triacylglycerol lipolysis. Taurocholate functions both as an activator of the enzyme and also as fatty acid acceptor to relieve product inhibition. In the presence of sufficient taurocholate, bovine serum albumin is no longer required as a fatty acid acceptor for the in vitro lipolysis. PMID- 3167018 TI - Dynamic fluorescence properties of bacterial luciferase intermediates. AB - Three fluorescent species produced by the reaction of bacterial luciferase from Vibrio harveyi with its substrates have the same dynamic fluorescence properties, namely, a dominant fluorescence decay of lifetime of 10 ns and a rotational correlation time of 100 ns at 2 degrees C. These three species are the metastable intermediate formed with the two substrates FMNH2 and O2, both in its low fluorescence form and in its high-fluorescence form following light irradiation, and the fluorescent transient formed on including the final substrate tetradecanal. For native luciferase, the rotational correlation time is 62 or 74 ns (2 degrees C) derived from the decay of the anisotropy of the intrinsic fluorescence at 340 nm or the fluorescence of bound 8-anilino-1 naphthalenesulfonic acid (470 nm), respectively. The steady-state anisotropy of the fluorescent intermediates is 0.34, and the fundamental anisotropy from a Perrin plot is 0.385. The high-fluorescence intermediate has a fluorescence maximum at 500 nm, and its emission spectrum is distinct from the bioluminescence spectrum. The fluorescence quantum yield is 0.3 but decreases on dilution with a quadratic dependence on protein concentration. This, and the large value of the rotational correlation time, would be explained by protein complex formation in the fluorescent intermediate states, but no increase in protein molecular weight is observed by gel filtration or ultracentrifugation. The results instead favor a proposal that, in these intermediate states, the luciferase undergoes a conformational change in which its axial ratio increases by 50%. PMID- 3167019 TI - Transient kinetics of the interaction of 1,N6-ethenoadenosine 5'-triphosphate with myosin subfragment 1 under normal and cryoenzymic conditions: a comparison with adenosine 5'-triphosphate. AB - The kinetics of the interaction of the fluorescent analogue 1,N6-ethenoadenosine 5'-triphosphate (epsilon-ATP) with myosin subfragment 1 (S1) were studied at 15 and -7.5 degrees C with 40% ethylene glycol as cryosolvent. Two techniques were used: fluorescence stopped flow and rapid flow-quench. When S1 is mixed with epsilon-ATP in a stopped-flow apparatus, biphasic fluorescence transients are obtained which are difficult to assign. Chemical sampling by the rapid-flow quench method led to the chemical identity and the kinetics of interconversion of key intermediates, and by this method the optical signals were assigned and information about the cleavage and release of products was obtained. The data were interpreted by a shortened form of the Bagshaw-Trentham scheme for myosin adenosinetriphosphatase: M + ATP K1 in equilibrium M.ATP k2----M*.ATP k3 in equilibrium k3 M**.ADP.Pi k4----M + ADP + Pi The constants obtained were compared with those for ATP under identical conditions. In agreement with Rosenfeld and Taylor [Rosenfeld, S. S., & Taylor, E. W. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 11920-11929] we find that epsilon-ATP is bound tightly to S1 and that the chemical step is slower than with ATP. We show that the fast fluorescence transient is due to the tight binding of epsilon-ATP with K1 = 32 microM and k2 = 58 s-1 at 15 degrees C. With ATP these values are 8 microM and 16 s-1, respectively. There is a large difference in the delta H for k2: 50 kJ.mol-1 for epsilon-ATP and 119 kJ.mol-1 for ATP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167020 TI - Spectroscopic studies of quinonoid species from pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. AB - To establish the state of protonation of quinonoid species formed nonenzymically from pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) and diethyl aminomalonate, we have studied absorption spectra of the rapidly established steady-state mixture of species. We have evaluated the formation constant and the spectrum of the mixture of Schiff base and quinonoid species. For N-methyl-PLP a singly protonated species with a peak at 464 nm is formed from the unprotonated aldehyde and the conjugate acid of diethyl aminomalonate with a formation constant Kf of 240 M-1. The very intense absorption band with characteristic vibrational structure (most evident as a shoulder at 435 nm) is accompanied by a weaker, structured band at about 380 nm and a weak, broad band at 330 nm. We suggest that the 380-nm band may represent a tautomeric form of the quinonoid compound. Protonation of the phosphate group appears to affect the spectrum only slightly. The corresponding mixture of Schiff base and quinonoid species formed from PLP has a very similar spectrum at pH 6-7. It has a formation constant Kf of 230 M-1 and a pKa of 7.8, which must be attributed to the ring nitrogen atom. The dissociated species, which may be largely carbanionic, has a strong structured absorption band at 430 nm and a weaker one, again possibly a tautomer, in the 330-nm region. The analysis establishes that in all species a proton remains on either the phenolic oxygen or the imine nitrogen. Proton NMR spectroscopy, under some conditions, reveals only two components: free PLP and what appears to be Schiff base. However, we suggest that the latter may, in fact, be a quinonoid form, either alone or in rapid equilibrium with the Schiff base. Absorption spectra of quinonoid species formed in enzymes are analyzed and compared with the spectra of the nonenzymic species. PMID- 3167021 TI - Chemical modification of prothrombin fragment 1: documentation of sequential, two stage loss of protein function. AB - The amino groups of prothrombin fragment 1 (amino acids 1-156 of prothrombin) were derivatized by acetylation, amidination, and reductive methylation. Conditions that caused complete acetylation of protein amino groups produced a fragment 1 derivative which no longer displayed a metal ion dependent intrinsic fluorescence change and had lost its membrane binding capability as well. However, when derivatized in the presence of calcium ions, extensive acetylation yielded a product that underwent protein fluorescence quenching at metal ion concentrations similar to those observed for the native protein. This derivative bound to membranes in a calcium-dependent manner with only a small reduction in affinity. Several results showed the existence of a partially functional protein that was characterized by a high degree of calcium-dependent protein fluorescence quenching but which had a requirement for 10-fold higher calcium concentration. This derivative was produced by partial acetylation (greater than 3 equiv) of metal-free protein. This partially acetylated protein had greatly diminished membrane binding. The calcium-protected amino group, therefore, was among the most reactive acetylation sites in the metal-free protein. The second site, responsible for abolishing all metal ion induced fluorescence change, was resistant to acetylation and became derivatized at the last stages of amino group acetylation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167022 TI - Amino-terminal alanine functions in a calcium-specific process essential for membrane binding by prothrombin fragment 1. AB - Two acetylation sites on prothrombin fragment 1 (amino-terminal 156 amino acid residues of bovine prothrombin) are essential for the tight calcium and membrane binding functions of the protein; calcium protects both of these sites from acetylation [Welsch, D. J., Pletcher, C. H., & Nelsestuen, G. L. (1988) Biochemistry (first of three papers in this issue)]. The epsilon-amino groups of the lysine residues (positions 3, 11, 44, 57, and 97) were not critical to protein function and were acetylated in the calcium-protected protein. The most reactive of the two essential acetylation sites was identified as amino-terminal alanine. To identify this site, fragment 1 was first acetylated in the presence of calcium to derivatize the nonessential sites. Removal of calcium and partial acetylation with radioactive reagent produced a single major radioactive peptide. Isolation and characterization of this peptide showed that the radioactivity was associated with amino-terminal alanine. In addition, sequence analysis of calcium protected protein showed the presence of underivatized amino-terminal alanine. Surprisingly, covalent modification with a trinitrophenyl group did not alter membrane binding activity. Thus, the positive charge on the amino terminus did not appear critical to its function. Acetylation of amino-terminal alanine without acetylation of the second essential site produced a fragment 1 derivative which had a high requirement for calcium and which had lost most membrane binding function. However, this protein had only slightly altered affinity for magnesium ion. In agreement with this metal ion selectivity, protection of amino-terminal alanine was calcium specific, and magnesium ion did not protect this site from acetylation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167023 TI - Carbohydrate-linked asparagine-101 of prothrombin contains a metal ion protected acetylation site. Acetylation of this site causes loss of metal ion induced protein fluorescence change. AB - Prothrombin fragment 1 (prothrombin residues 1-156) contains two acetylation sites that are protected from derivatization by calcium. The first site was protected by only calcium [Welsch, D. J., & Nelsestuen, G. L. (1988) Biochemistry (second of three papers in this issue)] while the second site was protected by magnesium as well. To identify this second acetylation site, fragment 1 was first acetylated with unlabeled reagent in the presence of magnesium. Metal ions were removed, and the protein was acetylated with radiolabeled reagent. The incorporated radiolabel was stable over long periods of time and at acidic or basic pH as long as elevated temperatures were avoided. The radiolabel was removed by treatment of the protein at pH 10 and 50 degrees C or with 0.2 M hydroxylamine at 50 degrees C for at least 30 min. Proteolytic degradation of the protein showed that the radioactivity appeared in a tryptic peptide corresponding to residues 94-111 of prothrombin. The Lys-97 in this peptide was acetylated but did not contain radiolabel. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the radiolabel was associated with an unextracted sequence product. Aglycofragment 1, produced by treatment of fragment 1 with HF, was radiolabeled by this procedure; peptide 94-111 was isolated and was further digested with protease. The major radiolabeled product contained Asn101-Ser102 along with the expected chitobiose attached to Asn-101. NMR analysis revealed the presence of three acetate groups which would correspond to two from the chitobiose plus the incorporated acetate residue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167025 TI - One free sulfhydryl group of plasma fibronectin becomes titratable upon binding of the protein to solid substrates. AB - The accessibility in human plasma fibronectin of the two free sulfhydryl groups per chain to sulfhydryl reagents 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) and a maleimide derivative has been examined. For soluble fibronectin, the free sulfhydryl groups are not accessible to DTNB unless urea or guanidine hydrochloride is added [Smith et al. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 5831-5838]. Upon binding to polystyrene beads, 0.87 +/- 0.05 sulfhydryl group per chain becomes titratable to DTNB. Experiments using fibronectin fragments demonstrate that this newly exposed sulfhydryl group is located in a Type III homologous unit between the DNA-binding and the cell-binding domains. The results suggest that, upon adsorption to solid substrates, plasma fibronectin undergoes a conformational change, thereby exposing one buried sulfhydryl group. These findings have implications regarding the "surface activation" of adhesion activities of fibronectin. PMID- 3167024 TI - Inhibition of alanine racemase by alanine phosphonate: detection of an imine linkage to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in the enzyme-inhibitor complex by solid-state 15N nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - Inhibition of alanine racemase from the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus by (1-aminoethyl) phosphonic acid (Ala-P) proceeds via a two step reaction pathway in which reactivation occurs very slowly. In order to determine the mechanism of inhibition, we have recorded low-temperature, solid state 15N NMR spectra from microcrystals of the [15N]Ala-P-enzyme complex, together with spectra of a series of model compounds that provide the requisite database for the interpretation of the 15N chemical shifts. Proton-decoupled spectra of the microcrystals exhibit a line at approximately 150 ppm, which conclusively demonstrates the presence of a protonated Ala-P-PLP aldimine and thus clarifies the structure of the enzyme-inhibitor complex. We also report the pH dependence of Ala-P binding to alanine racemase. PMID- 3167026 TI - Trypanothione reductase of Trypanosoma congolense: gene isolation, primary sequence determination, and comparison to glutathione reductase. AB - The gene encoding trypanothione reductase, the redox disulfide-containing flavoenzyme that is unique to the parasitic trypanosomatids (Shames et al., 1986), has been isolated from the cattle pathogen Trypanosoma congolense. Library screening was carried out with inosine-containing oligonucleotide probes encoding sequences determined from two active site peptides isolated from the purified Crithidia fasciculata enzyme. The nucleotide sequence of the gene was determined according to the dideoxy chain termination method of Sanger. The structural gene is 1476 nucleotides long and encodes 492 amino acids. We have identified the active site peptide containing the redox-active disulfide, a peptide corresponding to the histidine-467 region of human erythrocyte glutathione reductase, as well as the flavin binding domain that is highly conserved in all disulfide-containing flavoprotein reductase enzymes. Alignment of five tryptic peptides (80 residues) isolated from the C. fasciculata trypanothione reductase with the primary sequence of the T. congolense enzyme showed 88% homology with 76% identity. Additionally, a sequence comparison of the glutathione reductase from Escherichia coli or human erythrocytes to T. congolense trypanothione reductase reveals greater than 50% homology. A search for the amino acid residues in the primary sequence of trypanothione reductase functionally active in binding/catalysis in human erythrocyte glutathione reductase shows that only the two arginine residues (Arg-37 and Arg-347), shown by X-ray crystallographic data to hydrogen bond to the GS1 glutathione glycyl carboxylate, are absent. PMID- 3167027 TI - Estradiol-stimulated nuclear ribonucleoprotein transport in the rat uterus: a molecular basis. AB - The present investigation probes the intranuclear molecular changes that serve to link the nuclear binding of estradiol with the hormone-stimulated ribonucleoprotein (RNP) transport in the rat uterus. Within 2 min of in vitro exposure of isolated uterine nuclei to 10 nM 17 beta-estradiol a Mg2+-dependent nuclear ATPase becomes activated and reaches its peak activity. This is immediately followed by a phase of ATP resynthesis. This newly synthesized ATP serves as the substrate for the nuclear protein kinases. Cyclic AMP inhibits this ATP resynthesis and, as a consequence, prevents the estradiol-stimulated nuclear protein kinase activity and the exit of the RNP-estradiol complex from the nuclei. cGMP is stimulatory to the estradiol-mediated nuclear ribonucleoprotein transport. PMID- 3167028 TI - Hydrolysis of dansyl-peptide substrates by leucine aminopeptidase: origin of dansyl fluorescence changes during hydrolysis. AB - The origin of the fluorescence changes observed in stopped-flow experiments of the hydrolysis of three 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl-(dansyl) peptide substrates by porcine kidney cytosol leucine aminopeptidase has been investigated. The substrates used all have the potential to accept energy from aromatic residues of the enzyme via resonance energy transfer when they are bound as enzyme-substrate complexes, indicating that fluorescence changes due to the buildup and decay of such intermediates are possible. However, the fluorescence of these substrates differs from that of the products, and direct excitation of their dansyl groups during hydrolysis can also be responsible for the observed fluorescence changes due to changes in the concentrations of free substrate and product. The dansyl fluorescence changes observed with excitation wavelengths near 280 nm are not accompanied by quenching of the enzyme fluorescence, as would be expected if there were enzyme-to-substrate energy transfer. The magnitude of the maximal fluorescence change at a fixed concentration of substrate is also independent of the enzyme concentration. Furthermore, the excitation profile for the fluorescence changes shows that they arise from direct excitation of the dansyl group. Thus, there is no energy transfer in these reactions, and the fluorescence changes observed arise from direct excitation of the dansyl group and reflect the instantaneous concentration of substrate. This behavior contrasts sharply with that for the reaction of carboxypeptidase A with dansyl-Gly-Tyr, which has been studied as a positive control for an energy-transfer system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167029 TI - Steady-state kinetics of hydrolysis of dansyl-peptide substrates by leucine aminopeptidase. AB - Stopped-flow fluorescence experiments have been carried out at 23 degrees C to study the hydrolysis of Leu-Gly-NHNH-Dns [Dns = 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1 sulfonyl] and Leu-Gly-NH(CH2)2NH-Dns by porcine kidney cytosol leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). Experiments have been performed with LAP species containing Mg(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and no metal ion at the regulatory metal binding site. The fluorescence changes observed on hydrolysis of these dansyl substrates by LAP arise from changes in the concentration of substrate. Several kinetic relationships have been developed that allow the steady-state kinetic parameters for these reactions to be determined from the stopped-flow fluorescence traces. When any of the five metal ions are bound at the regulatory site, kcat and KM are both raised to approximately the same extent with the result that the maximum increase observed for kcat/KM is only approximately twofold. The effects of these metal ions on kcat, KM, and kcat/KM observed for these substrates differ markedly from those for less physiologically relevant substrates, such as Leu-p-nitroanilide, that do not have amino acids on both sides of the scissile bond. This suggests that earlier conclusions regarding the effect of the regulatory metal ion on the activity of LAP may have been misleading and casts doubt as to whether the term "regulatory site" has validity in the context of LAP-catalyzed reactions under physiological conditions. PMID- 3167030 TI - Stopped-flow cryoenzymological investigation of the pre-steady-state kinetics of hydrolysis of Leu-Gly-NHNH-Dns by leucine aminopeptidase. AB - Stopped-flow fluorescence experiments have been carried out to study the steady state kinetics of hydrolysis of Leu-Gly-NHNH-Dns [Dns = 5 (dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl] by porcine kidney cytosol leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) in 50% v/v methanol/buffer solution at ambient temperature and the pre-steady-state kinetics of this reaction in the -35 to 0 degrees C temperature range. Experiments have been carried out on LAP species containing Mg(II), Mn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and no metal ion at the regulatory metal binding site. At ambient temperatures, the stopped-flow fluorescence changes observed on hydrolysis of the substrate have been used to measure the steady state kinetic parameters kcat and KM. The results show that 50% v/v methanol lowers the values of kcat from 2- to 12-fold compared to the reactions in the absence of methanol for all of the metallo-LAP, but that the values of KM are essentially unaffected. The pre-steady-state reactions carried out under nonturnover conditions at -35 degrees C reveal a new relaxation for LAP species with Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) in the regulatory site. The value of kobsd for this relaxation reaches a plateau at high substrate concentrations, and the magnitude of its fluorescence change at a fixed concentration of substrate is proportional to the enzyme concentration. Thus, this relaxation corresponds to the production and decay of a new enzyme-substrate intermediate not observed at higher temperatures whose fluorescence differs from that of the succeeding intermediate that is normally seen above -26 degrees C. PMID- 3167031 TI - Interaction of the cysteine proteinase inhibitor chicken cystatin with papain. AB - The two forms of chicken cystatin, with different isoelectric points, that have been described previously were indistinguishable in analyses of amino- and carboxy-terminal residues, amino acid composition, and peptide maps. The two forms thus are highly similar and most likely differ only in an amide group or in a small charged substituent. The binding of either cystatin form to highly purified, active papain was accompanied by the same pronounced changes in near ultraviolet circular dichroism, ultraviolet absorption, and fluorescence emission. These changes were compatible with perturbations of the environment of aromatic residues in one or both proteins of the complex, arising from local interactions or from a conformational change. Modification of the single tryptophan residue of cystatin, at position 104, with N-bromosuccinimide resulted in considerably smaller spectroscopic changes on binding of the inhibitor to papain, indicating that the environment of this residue is affected by the binding. Analogous modification of Trp-69 and Trp-177 of papain markedly affected the fluorescence changes observed on binding of cystatin to the enzyme, similarly suggesting that these two residues of papain are involved in the interaction. The fluorescence increase of papain at alkaline pH, arising from Trp-177 and due to deprotonization of the adjacent His-159, was abolished on binding of cystatin to the enzyme, further supporting the proposal that this region of papain participates in the interaction with the inhibitor. A stoichiometry of binding of either cystatin form to papain of 1:1 and a lower limit for the binding constant of 10(9) M-1 were determined by titrations monitored by either the ultraviolet absorption or fluorescence changes induced by the interaction. PMID- 3167032 TI - Mechanism of binding of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. AB - The binding of NAD+ to liver alcohol dehydrogenase was studied by stopped-flow techniques in the pH range from 6.1 to 10.9 at 25 degrees C. Varying the concentrations of NAD+ and a substrate analogue used to trap the enzyme-NAD+ complex gave saturation kinetics. The same maximum rate constants were obtained with or without the trapping agent and by following the reaction with protein fluorescence or absorbance of a ternary complex. The data fit a mechanism with diffusion-controlled association of enzyme and NAD+, followed by an isomerization with a forward rate constant of 500 s-1 at pH 8: E E-NAD+ *E-NAD+. The isomerization may be related to the conformational change determined by X-ray crystallography of free enzyme and enzyme-coenzyme complexes. Overall bimolecular rate constants for NAD+ binding show a bell-shaped pH dependence with apparent pK values at 6.9 and 9.0. Acetimidylation of epsilon-amino groups shifts the upper pK to a value of 11 or higher, suggesting that Lys-228 is responsible for the pK of 9.0. Formation of the enzyme-imidazole complex abolishes the pK value of 6.9, suggesting that a hydrogen-bonded system extending from the zinc-bound water to His-51 is responsible for this pK value. The rates of isomerization of E-NAD+ and of pyrazole binding were maximal at pH below a pK of about 8, which is attributable to the hydrogen-bonded system. Acetimidylation of lysines or displacement of zinc-water with imidazole had little effect on the rate of isomerization of the E-NAD+ complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167033 TI - The reductive half-reaction in Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase from pig kidney: studies with thiaoctanoyl-CoA and oxaoctanoyl-CoA analogues. AB - Thia- and oxaoctanoyl-CoA derivatives (substituted at the C-3 and C-4 positions) have been synthesized to prove the reductive half-reaction in the medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase from pig kidney. 3-Thiaoctanoyl-CoA binds to this flavoenzyme, forming an intense, stable, long-wavelength band (at 804 nm; extinction coefficient = 8.7 mM-1 cm-1 at pH 7.6). The intensity of this band increases about 20% from pH 6.0 to pH 8.8. This long-wavelength species probably represents a charge-transfer complex between bound acyl enolate as the donor and oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide as the acceptor. Thus, the enzyme catalyzes alpha-proton exchange, and no long-wavelength bands are seen with 3-thiaoctyl-CoA (where the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a methylene group). 3-Oxaoctanoyl-CoA binds comparatively weakly to the dehydrogenase, with a long-wavelength band at 780 nm which is both less intense and less stable than the corresponding thia analogue. These data suggest that the enzyme can accomplish alpha-proton abstraction from certain weakly acidic acyl-CoA derivatives, without concerted transfer of a hydride equivalent to the flavin. 4-Thiaoctanoyl-CoA is dehydrogenated in the standard assay 1.5-fold faster than octanoyl-CoA. Titrations of the medium-chain dehydrogenase with the 4-thia derivative resemble those obtained with octanoyl-CoA, except for the contribution of the strongly absorbing 4-thia-trans-2-octenoyl-CoA product. The corresponding 4-oxa analogue is a much poorer substrate (10% of the rate shown by octanoyl-CoA) but again effects substantially complete reduction of the flavin chromophore in the dehydrogenase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167034 TI - Kinetics of inactivation of creatine kinase during modification of its thiol groups. AB - Kinetics of inactivation and modification of the reactive thiol groups of creatine kinase by 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) or iodoacetamide have been compared, the former by following the substrate reaction in presence of the inactivator [Wang, Z.-X., & Tsou, C.-L. (1987) J. Theor. Biol. 127, 253]. The microscopic constants for the reaction of the inactivators with the free enzyme and with the enzyme-substrate complexes were determined. From the results obtained it appears that with respect to ATP both inactivators are noncompetitive whereas for creatine iodoacetamide is competitive but DTNB is not. The formation of the ternary complex protects against the inactivation by both DTNB and iodoacetamide. The inactivation kinetics is monophasic with both inactivators, but under similar conditions, the modification reactions in the presence of the transition-state analogue of creatine-ADP-Mg2+-nitrate show biphasic kinetics as also reported by Price and Hunter [Price, N.C., & Hunter, M.G. (1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 445, 364]. If the reactive ternary complex and the enzyme complexed with the transition-state analogue react in the same way with these reagents, the modification of one fast-reacting thiol group for each enzyme molecule leads to complete inactivation, indicating that the enzyme has to be in the dimeric state to be active. PMID- 3167037 TI - Line-shape analysis of NMR difference spectra of an anti-spin-label antibody. AB - Specifically deuteriated Fab fragments of the anti-spin-label antibody AN02 were prepared. NMR difference spectra were obtained, in which the spectrum of Fab with some fraction of the binding sites occupied with spin-label hapten was subtracted from the spectrum of Fab with no spin-label. The peak heights were analyzed as a function of the fractional occupation of the binding site, using a computer program that calculates a best fit to the observed spectra. This method treats all of the peaks in the spectra simultaneously. Analyzing all peaks at once allows for the interdependencies in the spectra arising from overlap of positive and negative signals from different peaks. The fitting program calculates line widths for the peaks arising from protons in the binding site region. Almost all of the line widths calculated for the spectrum of the Fab complex with diamagnetic hapten dinitrophenyldiglycine were found to be narrower than the line widths of the corresponding resonances in the spectrum of Fab with an empty binding site. The distances of the binding site region protons from the unpaired electron of the hapten were also obtained from this calculation. Two tyrosine protons were found to be close (less than A) to this electron. These line-width and distance results are discussed with respect to the structure and dynamics of the antibody binding site. PMID- 3167036 TI - Structure elucidation of the blood group B like and blood group I active octaantennary ceramide tetracontasaccharide from rabbit erythrocyte membranes by two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy at 600 MHz. AB - The primary structure of the ceramide tetracontasaccharide (1) from rabbit erythrocyte membranes has been determined with the aid of 600-MHz two-dimensional phase-sensitive correlated, "totally correlated" (TOCSY, homonuclear Hartmann Hahn), relayed coherence transfer, triple quantum filtered, and nuclear Overhauser enhancement 1H NMR spectra. It was shown that obtaining subspectra of the constituent sugar residues from a totally correlated spectrum and assigning the resonances occurring in these subspectra by analyzing the relevant cross peaks in phase-sensitive correlated spectra is the most efficient way for establishing complex oligosaccharide structures. This analysis has shown 1 to be the highest homologue of the multiantennary neolactoglycosphingolipids of the following general formula with n = 7: (Formula: see text). PMID- 3167035 TI - Expression of synthetic thaumatin genes in yeast. AB - Thaumatin is a plant protein that contains 8 disulfides and 207 amino acids in the mature form. The protein is of potential commercial interest since microgram quantities elicit an intense sweetness sensation. Two major variants of thaumatin have been identified in our laboratory by using sequence data obtained from thaumatin tryptic peptides. These differ by one amino acid at position 46 (asparagine or lysine), and both proteins differ from previously published sequences. We have synthesized DNA-coding sequences for three of these thaumatin variants using yeast preferred codons. The genes were inserted into an expression vector that contained a yeast 3-phosphoglycerate kinase promoter and terminator, and the vectors were transformed into yeast for expression of the recombinant protein. Upon lysis of the yeast cells, all thaumatin was localized in the insoluble cell fraction. Analysis of the sodium dodecyl sulfate solubilized yeast extracts by gel electrophoresis and Western blotting showed that thaumatin represented about 20% of the insoluble yeast protein. Although expressed at high levels, none of the thaumatins was biologically active (sweet). Preliminary protein folding experiments showed that two of three thaumatin variants could be folded to the sweet conformation. PMID- 3167039 TI - Base-catalyzed reversal of a psoralen-DNA cross-link. AB - Base-catalyzed reversal of a psoralen-DNA cross-link has been observed under denaturing alkaline conditions at elevated temperatures. The cross-link was formed between 4'-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen and the two thymidine residues (T) on opposite strands of the double-stranded DNA formed from the self complementary oligonucleotide 5'-GGGTACCC-3'. In contrast to the photoreversal of the cross-link, which yields mostly the furan-side monoadducted oligonucleotide [Cimino, G. D., Shi, Y., & Hearst, J. E. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 3013-3020], base catalyzed reversal of the cross-link yields only pyrone-side monoadducted oligonucleotides as identified on the basis of their mobilities on a 20% polyacrylamide-7 M urea gel and their chemical and photochemical properties. A mechanism has been proposed to explain the base-catalyzed reversal reaction. This observation suggests a way to make pyrone-side monoadducted DNA. It also suggests that caution must be taken when psoralen-adducted DNA is treated under denaturing alkaline conditions. PMID- 3167038 TI - Circular dichroism spectra of DNA oligomers show that short interior stretches of C.C+ base pairs do not form in duplexes with A.T base pairs. AB - Circular dichroism (CD) experiments were carried out on a series of DNA oligomers to determine if short internal stretches of protonated cytosine-cytosine (C.C+) base pairs could coexist with adenine-thymine (A.T) base pairs. (1) C.C+ base pairs did form in the absence of A.T base pairs in the individual oligomers d(AACC)5 and d(CCTT)5, as indicated by the appearance of a long-wavelength CD band centered at 282-284 nm, when the pH was lowered to 6 or 5 at 0.5 M Na+. A comparison of measured with calculated spectra showed that d(CCTT)5 at pH 5, 0.5 M Na+, 20 degrees C, likely adopted a structure with a central core of stacked C.C+ base pairs and looped-out thymines. Under the same conditions, it appeared that C.C+ base pairs also formed in d(AACC)5, but with the adenines remaining intrahelical. Each of these oligomers showed a cooperative transition for formation of C.C+ base pairs as the temperature was lowered, with C.C+ base pairs forming at a higher temperature in d(CCTT)5 than in d(AACC)5. A.T base formed in equimolar mixtures of d(AACC)5 plus d(CCTT)5 as monitored by an increase in the negative magnitude of the 250-nm CD band. However, a large increase did not appear at about 285 nm in CD spectra of the mixtures, showing that there were no stacked C.C+ base pairs in the d(AACC)5.d(CCTT)5 duplex even though they formed under the same conditions in the individual strands. Thus, in this duplex, A.T base pairs prevented the formation of neighboring internal C.C+ base pairs. (2) CD measurements were also made of d(A10C4T10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167040 TI - Helix stability in prokaryotic promoter regions. AB - Prokaryotic promoters have been extensively studied to relate sequence features to promoter function. Here we examine the relationship between double-helix stability and promoter activity. The double-helix stability is evaluated from sequence data by free energy computation, based on reported values of dinucleotide free energies for strand separation. For a collection of 168 promoters, we find that within a 500-nucleotide span around the transcription initiation site the -10 region is the least stable. There is no correlation between the free energies and the rates of RNA polymerase-promoter open complex formation measured for 25 promoters. We also compare the free energies of 121 promoter mutations across the -35 and -10 consensus regions with the free energies of the corresponding wild-type sequences. These pairwise mutant-wild type comparisons provide a particularly good test since the examined sequences differ only in one nucleotide so that all other sequence-dependent effects remain the same. About 80% of the mutations in the -10 region that show increased/reduced promoter activity are less/more stable than the wild types. The observed high free energy peak and the mutation data strongly support the conjecture that the instability, or melting properties, of the -10 region plays a significant role in promoter function. PMID- 3167041 TI - Primary structure of the mouse laminin B2 chain and comparison with laminin B1. AB - One of the major components of basement membranes is the glycoprotein laminin, made up of three disulfide-bonded subunits, the A, B1, and B2 chains. We have isolated and sequenced overlapping mouse laminin B2 chain cDNA clones covering 7562 base pairs. The deduced amino acid sequence predicts that the mature B2 chain consists of 1572 residues, has an unglycosylated molecular weight of 173,541, and possesses 14 potential N-linked glycosylation sites. Analysis of the predicted secondary structure shows the presence of six domains, two rich in alpha-helical structure, two composed of homologous cysteine-rich repeat units, and two globular regions. The organization of the molecule is very similar to that of the mouse laminin B1 chain, and significant sequence homology between the B1 and B2 chains was found in their two cysteine-rich domains and in their amino terminal globular domains. PMID- 3167042 TI - 5-Fluorocytosine in DNA is a mechanism-based inhibitor of HhaI methylase. AB - 5-Fluorodeoxycytidine (FdCyd) was incorporated into a synthetic DNA polymer containing the GCGC recognition sequence of HhaI methylase to give a polymer with about 80% FdCyd. In the absence of AdoMet, poly(FdC-dG) bound competitively with respect to poly(dG-dC) (Ki = 3 nM). In the presence of AdoMet, the analogue caused a time-dependent, first-order (k = 0.05 min-1) inactivation of the enzyme. There is an ordered mechanism of binding in which enzyme first binds to poly(FdC dG), then binds to AdoMet, and subsequently forms stable, inactive complexes. The complexes did not dissociate over the course of 3 days and were stable to heat (95 degrees C) in the presence of 1% SDS. Gel filtration of a complex formed with HhaI methylase, poly(FdC-dG), and [methyl-3H] AdoMet gave a peak of radioactivity eluting near the void volume. Digestion of the DNA in the complex resulted in a reduction of the molecular weight to the size of the methylase, and the radioactivity in this peak was shown to be associated with protein. These data indicate that the complexes contain covalently bound HhaI methylase, poly(FdC dG), and methyl groups and that 5-fluorodeoxycytidine is a mechanism-based inactivator of the methylase. By analogy with other pyrimidine-modifying enzymes and recent studies on the mechanism of HhaI methylase (Wu & Santi, 1987), these results suggest that an enzyme nucleophile attacks FdCyd residues at C-6, activating the 5-position for one-carbon transfer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167044 TI - Theoretical studies of the structure and molecular dynamics of a peptide crystal. AB - Energy minimizations and molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on the cyclic peptide cyclo-(Ala-Pro-D-Phe)2 in both the isolated and crystal states. The results of these calculations have been analyzed, both to investigate our ability to reproduce experimental data (structure and vibrational and NMR spectra) and to investigate the effects of environment on the energy, structure, and dynamics of peptides. Comparison of the minimized and time-averaged crystal systems with the experimental peptide structure shows that the calculations have closely reproduced the experimental structure. Molecular dynamics of the isolated molecule has led to a new conformation, which is approximately equal to 8.5 kcal/mol more stable than the conformation that exists in the crystal, the latter conformation being stabilized by intermolecular (packing) forces. This illustrates the considerable effect that environment can have on the conformation of peptides. The crystal environment has also been shown to significantly reduce the dynamic conformational fluctuations seen for the isolated molecule. The behavior of the peptide during the isolated simulation also supports the experimental NMR observation of a symmetric structure that differs from the asymmetric, instantaneous structures which characterize the molecule during the dynamics. Calculations of vibrational frequencies of the peptide in the crystal and isolated states show the expected shifts in bond-stretching frequencies due to intermolecular interactions. Finally, we have calculated NMR coupling constants from the dynamics simulation of the isolated peptide and have compared these with the experimental values. This has led to a possible reinterpretation of the experimental data. PMID- 3167043 TI - Purification of homologous protein carboxyl methyltransferase isozymes from human and bovine erythrocytes. AB - We have purified the two major isozymes of the L-isoaspartyl/D-aspartyl protein methyltransferase from both human and bovine erythrocytes. These four enzymes all have polypeptide molecular weights of approximately 26,500 and appear to be monomers in solution. Each of these enzymes cross-reacts with antibodies directed against protein carboxyl methyltransferase I from bovine brain. Their structures also appear to be similar when analyzed by dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis for the large fragments produced by digestion with Staphylococcus aureus protease V8 or when analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for tryptic peptides. The structural relatedness of these enzymes was confirmed by sequence analysis of a total of 433 residues in 32 tryptic fragments of the human erythrocyte isozymes I and II and of the bovine erythrocyte isozyme II. We found sequence identify or probable identity in 111 out of 112 residues when we compared the human isozymes I and II and identities in 127 out of 134 residues when the human and bovine isozymes II were compared. These results suggest that the erythrocyte isozymes from both organisms may have nearly identical structures and confirm the similarities in the function of these methyltransferases that have been previously demonstrated. PMID- 3167048 TI - Demembranated muscle fibers catalyze a more rapid exchange between phosphate and adenosine triphosphate than actomyosin subfragment 1. AB - The rate of ATP in equilibrium with Pi exchange, that is, the incorporation of medium Pi into ATP during the net hydrolysis of ATP, has been measured for rabbit psoas muscle fibers, myofibrils, and actomyosin subfragment 1 (acto-S1). The maximum exchange rate in fibers at saturating [Pi] is 0.04 s-1 per myosin head at 8 degrees C, pH 7, and an ionic strength of 0.2 M. The dependence of the rate on Pi concentration can be approximated by a hyperbola with an apparent dissociation constant (Km) of 3 mM. Myofibrils catalyze ATP in equilibrium with Pi exchange with a similar Km but at a slightly lower rate. In contrast, the soluble acto-S1 system, in which ATP hydrolysis is not coupled to tension generation, catalyzes exchange at a rate 500 times lower than that of fibers at low Pi concentration, and the Km for Pi is greater than 50 mM. The difference between the ATP in equilibrium with Pi exchange of fibers and of acto-S1 is discussed in terms of a model in which Pi binds to a force-generating state AM'-ADP and, due to mechanical constraint, the average free energy of this state is higher in the fiber than in acto-S1. PMID- 3167049 TI - Phospholipid and guanine nucleotides sensitive properties of the smooth muscle adenylate cyclase catalytic unit. AB - The adenylate cyclase catalytic unit was partially purified from uterine smooth muscle by chromatography on columns of SM-2 Bio-Beads and Sepharose 6B. Stimulation of catalysis by forskolin was much greater in the presence of Mn2+ than in the presence of Mg2+. Neither NaF nor guanine nucleotide stimulated catalysis in the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+. These properties indicated the catalytic unit was not sensitive to regulation by the GS regulatory protein. Guanine nucleotide inhibited catalysis, however, and was a competitive inhibitor of the ATP substrate (Ki approximately 50 microM). Since inhibition affected Km but not Vmax, the catalytic unit also seemed insensitive to regulation by the Gi regulatory protein, which does not act like a competitive inhibitor in other enzyme systems. The catalytic unit was also phospholipid sensitive. Only phosphatidic acid (Pho-A) had a direct effect on catalysis and was a potent inhibitor. Its effects were antagonized by the concomitant addition of phosphatidylcholine (Pho-C) but not by phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, or phosphatidylinositol. Acyl chain composition had a marked effect on Pho-C binding when this was determined by antagonism of Pho-A-dependent inhibition. These properties suggest the catalytic unit has both polar head group and acyl chain requirements for phospholipid binding. PMID- 3167046 TI - Solute partitioning into lipid bilayer membranes. AB - We have measured the membrane/water partition coefficients of benzene into lipid bilayers as a function of the surface density of the phospholipid chains. A simple 2H NMR method was used for the measurement of surface densities; it is shown to give results similar to those obtained from more demanding X-ray diffraction measurements. We observe that benzene partitioning into the bilayer is dependent not only on the partitioning chemistry, characterized by the oil/water partition coefficient, but also on the surface density of the bilayer chains. Increasing surface density leads to solute exclusion: benzene partitioning decreases by an order of magnitude as the surface density increases from 50% to 90% of its maximum value, a range readily accessible in bilayers and biomembranes under physiological conditions. This effect is independent of the nature of the agent used to alter surface density: temperature, cholesterol, and phospholipid chain length were tested here. These observations support the recent statistical thermodynamic theory of solute partitioning into chain molecule interphases, which predicts that the expulsion of solute is due to entropic effects of the orientational ordering among the phospholipid chains. We conclude that the partitioning of solutes into bilayer membranes, which are interfacial phases, is of a fundamentally different nature than partitioning into bulk oil and octanol phases. PMID- 3167045 TI - Cholinergic synaptic vesicle heterogeneity: evidence for regulation of acetylcholine transport. AB - Crude cholinergic synaptic vesicles from a homogenate of the electric organ of Torpedo californica were centrifuged to equilibrium in an isosmotic sucrose density gradient. The classical VP1 synaptic vesicles banding at 1.055 g/mL actively transported [3H]acetylcholine (AcCh). An organelle banding at about 1.071 g/mL transported even more [3H]AcCh. Transport by both organelles was inhibited by the known AcCh storage blockers trans-2-(4 phenylpiperidino)cyclohexanol (vesamicol, formerly AH5183) and nigericin. Relative to VP1 vesicles the denser organelle was slightly smaller as shown by size-exclusion chromatography. It is concluded that the denser organelle corresponds to the recycling VP2 synaptic vesicle originally described in intact Torpedo marmorata electric organ [Zimmermann, H., & Denston, C.R. (1977) Neuroscience (Oxford) 2, 695-714; Zimmermann, H., & Denston, C.R. (1977) Neuroscience (Oxford) 2, 715-730]. The properties of the receptor for vesamicol were studied by measuring binding of [3H]vesamicol, and the amount of SV2 antigen characteristic of secretory vesicles was assayed with a monoclonal antibody directed against it. Relative to VP1 vesicles the VP2 vesicles had a ratio of [3H]AcCh transport activity to vesamicol receptor concentration that typically was 4-7-fold higher, whereas the ratio of SV2 antigen concentration to vesamicol receptor concentration was about 2-fold higher. Based on an antibody standardization, in a typical preparation the VP1 vesicles contained 237 +/- 15 pmol of receptor/mg of protein whereas VP2 vesicles contained 102 +/- 3 pmol of receptor/mg of protein, and VP2 vesicles transported AcCh 2-3-fold more actively than VP1 vesicles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167050 TI - Accumulation of a globo-series glycolipid having Gal alpha 1-3Gal in PC12h pheochromocytoma cells. AB - In a previous paper, we reported the presence of globoside as a major neutral glycolipid in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells [Ariga, T., Macala, L. J., Saito, M., Margolis, R. K., Greene, L. A., Margolis, R. U., & Yu, R. K. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 52-58]. Recently, we found that subcloned PC12h cells accumulated another unusual neutral glycolipid. In order to characterize this glycolipid, PC12h cells were subcutaneously transplanted into rats. The induced tumor tissue accumulated two major neutral glycolipids, which were purified by Iatrobeads column and preparative thin-layer chromatographies. One of the glycolipids was found to be globoside, and the other had a globotriaosyl structure with an additional terminal Gal alpha 1-3 residue. Its structure was determined by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (2D NMR), permethylation study, sequential degradation with exoglycosidase, and mild acid hydrolysis to be Gal(alpha 1-3)Gal(alpha 1 4)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc(beta 1-1')Cer. PMID- 3167047 TI - Lipolysis of phospholipids in model cholesteryl ester rich lipoproteins and related systems: effect of core and surface lipid phase state. AB - Porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PL A2) was used as a probe to study the structure of phospholipid domains of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) vesicles +/- 2% cholesteryl oleate (CO), of discoidal structures formed by the interaction of apolipoprotein E (apoE) with these vesicles, and of large CO/DMPC microemulsion particles +/- apoE. Results of phospholipid hydrolysis over a range of temperatures were compared with the thermal transitions of the lipid components of the particles as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. These studies revealed that DMPC vesicles were most susceptible to digestion at or near the transition temperature. A similar result was obtained with DMPC/apoE disks; however, these particles were hydrolyzed over a broader temperature range than the vesicles. DMPC/CO vesicles were resistant to hydrolysis at every temperature tested; however, discoidal structures formed by interaction of apoE with these vesicles were hydrolyzed maximally above their thermal transition. Large microemulsion particles of CO and DMPC were poor substrates for the enzyme at every temperature; binding of apoE to these particles improved the ability of PL A2 to hydrolyze the phospholipid. These results suggest that the curvature of the surface, the presence of dissolved cholesteryl ester, and the binding of protein have profound effects on the temperature and breadth of the phospholipid phase transition and on the accessibility of the phospholipid to hydrolysis by PL A2. PMID- 3167051 TI - Manganese peroxidase from the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium: spectral characterization of the oxidized states and the catalytic cycle. AB - Manganese peroxidase (MnP), an extracellular heme enzyme from the lignin degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, catalyzes the Mn(II)-dependent oxidation of a variety of phenols. Herein, we spectroscopically characterize the oxidized states of MnP compounds I, II, and III and clarify the role of Mn in the catalytic cycle of the enzyme. Addition of 1 equiv of H2O2 to the native ferric enzyme yields compound I, characterized by absorption maxima at 407, 558, 605, and 650 nm. Addition of 2 or 250 equiv of H2O2 to the native enzyme yields compound II or III, respectively, identified by absorption maxima at 420, 528, and 555 nm or at 417, 545, and 579 nm, respectively. These characteristics are very similar to those of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP) compounds I, II, and III. Addition of 1 equiv of either Mn(II), ferrocyanide, or a variety of phenols to MnP compound I rapidly reduces it to MnP compound II. In contrast, only Mn(II) or ferrocyanide, added at a concentration of 1 equiv, reduces compound II. The Mn(III) produced by the enzymic oxidation of Mn(II) oxidizes the terminal phenolic substrates. This indicates that compounds I and II of MnP contain 2 and 1 oxidizing equiv, respectively, over the native ferric resting enzyme and that the catalytic cycle of the enzyme follows the path native enzyme----compound I----compound II----native enzyme. In addition, these results indicate that Mn(II) serves as an obligatory substrate for MnP compound II, allowing the enzyme to complete its catalytic cycle. Finally, the Mn(II)/Mn(III) redox couple enables the enzyme to rapidly oxidize the terminal phenolic substrates. PMID- 3167052 TI - Measurement of 'in situ' mitochondrial membrane potential in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells during aerobic glycolysis. AB - (1) A method is presented for continuous and simultaneous monitoring of the 'in situ' mitochondrial membrane potential (delta psi m) and respiration rate of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The method involves permeabilization of the plasma membrane, achieved by treatment with low digitonin concentration, and the use of a TPP+ selective electrode attached to an oxygraph vessel. Binding of the probe inside the cells was analyzed assuming a proportional relationship between the amount of bound TPP+ and the free concentration of the lipophilic cation. (2) Evidence is reported that the addition of glucose to digitonin-permeabilized Ehrlich ascites tumor cells causes a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential that coincided with a transient enhancement of the respiration rate and remained unchanged during the subsequent Crabtree effect. We have characterized the effect of glucose on delta psi m by determining its dependent on the glycolytic pathway and its sensitivity towards oligomycin. The mutual relationships between glucose and ADP effects on the mitochondrial membrane potential were also studied. A plausible mechanism underlying the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane induced by glucose is presented. PMID- 3167053 TI - Structural study of immunoaffinity-purified DNA polymerase alpha-DNA primase complex from calf thymus. AB - The DNA polymerase alpha-DNA primase complex was purified over 17,000-fold to near homogeneity from calf thymus using an immunoaffinity column. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis revealed three polypeptides with molecular weights of 140, 50 and 47 kDa, in a ratio of 1:2:0.25. The complex showed a sedimentation coefficient of 9.7 S, a Stokes radius of 56 A and a native molecular weight of 250-260 kDa. Taken together, the data suggest that the calf thymus dNA polymerase alpha-DNA primase complex is essentially a heterotrimer of large (140 kDa) and small (50 kDa) subunits in a ratio of 1:2, with a globular conformation. Electron microscopic studies of the complex revealed a spherical particle of 120 A in diameter, in agreement with the physiochemical results. The binding of the complex to DNA was also demonstrated. PMID- 3167054 TI - Differential expression of the human insulin-like growth factor II gene. Characterization of the IGF-II mRNAs and an mRNA encoding a putative IGF-II associated protein. AB - Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) is a polypeptide of 67 amino acids which is thought to play an important role in fetal growth and development. The human IGF-II gene is situated on chromosome 11, very close to the insulin gene. It extends over 30 kb of chromosomal DNA and consists of five noncoding exons (exons 1-4 and 4B) followed by three protein encoding exons (exons 5-7), one of which (exon 7) contains a long 3'-untranslated region. Here we show that differential initiation of transcription can occur at three distinct promoter sites, resulting in the appearance of mRNA species of different lengths. These promoters show a tissue-specific and a development-specific regulation of expression. Furthermore, we have determined the entire nucleotide sequence of the 3'-terminal exon, exon 7, which is about 4 kb long and contains 3.8 kb of 3'-untranslated sequences. This completes the elucidation of the human IGF-II gene structure. Surprisingly, Northern blot analysis of fetal and adult RNA with a probe derived from the 3' nontranslated region of exon 7 detects a novel 1.8 kb mRNA which appears to be coordinately expressed with the IGF-II mRNAs. In vitro translation of this 1.8 kb mRNA results in the formation of a translation product of 8.3 kDa, which compares well with the size of a predicted translation product from a 252-nucleotides-long open reading frame. PMID- 3167055 TI - Response of skeletal muscle RNA polymerases I and II to tumour growth. AB - The muscle wasting which occurs in animals bearing a transplantable tumour is accompanied by a decrease in the level of protein synthesis and a loss in RNA. This paper examines the behaviour of RNA polymerases I and II (EC 2.7.7.6) in nuclei isolated from skeletal muscle of rats bearing a Walker 256 carcinoma. Marked decreases were observed in template-engaged RNA polymerase I and II activities and in free RNA polymerase I activity. Free RNA polymerase II activity was unaltered. When assays were carried out at high (NH4)2SO4 concentration or in the presence of heparin the diminished RNA polymerase I activity was still apparent, but heparin and high ionic strength overcame the inhibition of RNA polymerase II. Loss of RNA polymerase I activity was associated with a decrease in the number of template-engaged enzyme molecules and in the polynucleotide elongation rate. The number of template-engaged RNA polymerase II molecules was unaltered by tumour growth, but the polynucleotide elongation rate was significantly reduced. No evidence was obtained for any alteration in ribonuclease activity in nuclei or whole muscles of tumour-bearing rats. These results demonstrate an effect of the tumor on transcription in skeletal muscle of its host. PMID- 3167057 TI - Compared expression levels of ornithine transcarbamylase and carbamylphosphate synthetase in liver and small intestine of normal and mutant mice. AB - Enzymatic assay, electrophoretic immunoblotting and RNA dot-blot techniques were employed to investigate the expression of the ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) gene in liver and small intestine of Sparse fur mice with abnormal skin and hair (Spf-ash) and Sparse fur mice (Spf) which exhibit an X-linked OTC deficiency. We found a reduced OTC activity in these two tissues. We now show that this reduction is less pronounced in the intestine than in the liver of the Spf-ash strain. During the first 2 weeks of life, the deficiency appears to be less severe than in the adult mice. The enzymatic activity of carbamylphosphate synthetase I (CPS), another enzyme of the urea cycle, is significantly modified in the Spf mutant strain only. PMID- 3167058 TI - Amino-acid and cDNA nucleotide sequences of human Clara cell 10 kDa protein. AB - A human lung cDNA expression library was screened by using a rabbit antiserum specific for a human Clara cell 10 kDa protein. The cDNA from two positive clones was sequenced by the dideoxy chain termination method. The nucleotide and primary amino-acid sequence deduced therefrom are presented. The N-terminal amino-acid sequence of the Clara cell 10 kDa protein, purified from bronchoalveolar lavage, was also determined. The deduced and experimentally determined sequences were identical where data for both were available. From the amino-acid composition, deduced and experimentally determined amino-acid sequences, it was determined that the 10 kDa protein in bronchoalveolar lavage consists of two identical 70 amino-acid long polypeptide chains joined by two cystine residues. The size of mRNA for the protein was found to be about 0.6 kb and the monomeric nascent protein, obtained by in vitro translation of lung mRNA was about 7.3 kDa in size. The 10 kDa protein recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage has 61% sequence identity with rabbit uteroglobin, the two proteins have common predicted secondary structures with marked surface differences when comparing predicted and actual structure determined by X-ray diffraction. The differences imply similarity of structure but, not identity of function. PMID- 3167056 TI - Purification and properties of a magnesium-dependent endodeoxyribonuclease endogenous to rat-liver nuclei. AB - An Mg2+-dependent endonuclease has been purified from a 0.6 M NaCl extract of rat liver nuclei by a series of chromatographic procedures and finally by isoelectric focusing (IEF) electrophoresis. The nuclease fraction prepared by the IEF electrophoresis (IEF fraction) was shown to have a pI value of 7.1 and to migrate as a single band to a molecular-weight position of 36,500 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel. The IEF fraction was subjected to a sedimentation analysis. In a hypotonic buffer (10 mM Tris), the nuclease activity sedimented to have an S value of 4.1 S. However, in an isotonic buffer (0.15 M NaCl), this fraction exhibited two activity peaks of 2.8 and 4.3 S. In a hypertonic buffer (0.3 M NaCl), almost all of the nuclease activity sedimented at 2.7-2.8 S. In this connection, values of 2.8 and 4.3 S were determined to correspond to molecular weights of about 36,000 and 70,000, respectively. Thus, an Mg2+-dependent endonuclease, endogenous to rat liver nuclei, has been inferred to exist in the reversible form of a monomer/homodimer as its native state. Moreover, the IEF fraction formed single strand nicks more rapidly than double-strand cuts in pBR322 DNA, and preferentially produced deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate termini in the DNA at an early incubation time. In addition, RNAase activity was not detected in this fraction. PMID- 3167059 TI - A method for isolation of nuclei containing undegraded RNA from RNAase-rich plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum. AB - (1) In order to protect the nuclear RNA of Physarum polycephalum plasmodia during cell homogenisation and purification of the nuclei, the following conditions were used: low temperature (-11 degrees C), high pH (8.1-8.9), formaldehyde (2.8%) and spermine (2.3 mM). (2) The efficiency of these RNAase-inhibiting and inactivating conditions is demonstrated by the high molecular weight of the processing products of transcripts from ribosomal genes (11.9, 9.5 and 5.0 kilobases), which were recovered from the isolated nuclei and visualised on agarose gels. (3) Hybridisation experiments with a DNA probe from an actin gene on size fractionated nuclear RNA (Northern blots) indicate that the transcripts from actin genes are rapidly spliced in P. polycephalum. (4) The nuclear polyadenylated RNA has an average size of about 2.2 kb, which is not significantly larger than the average length of mRNA. PMID- 3167060 TI - Transcriptional deviation of the rat insulin-like growth factor II gene initiated at three alternative leader-exons between neonatal tissues and ascites hepatomas. AB - Insulin-like growth factor II (IGFII) is a mitogenic polypeptide, the mRNAs of which are present in multiple forms, despite derivation from a single gene. In the present study, we observed nearly full-length rat IGFII mRNA structures of major species with three alternative 5'-untranslated sequences and a common unusually-long 3'-untranslated region. These three 5' sequences (E1, E2 and E3) locate at different sites on the rat IGFII genome and are therefore independent leader-exons. Northern blotting using probes specific to E1, E2 and E3 sequences revealed major bands at 3.8 kilobases (kb), 4.6 kb and 3.6 kb in nucleotide length, respectively. The E1, E2 and E3 promoters were functional in all rat neonatal tissues examined and in the adult brain, and the relative level of mRNA species was fairly constant, although the bulk expression varied from tissue to tissue. Thus, the three mRNAs initiated from the single rat IGFII gene are co ordinately regulated. However, this relative transcriptional constancy deviated variously in several lines of transplantable rat ascites hepatomas, thereby indicating that each mRNA level can also be regulated independently. PMID- 3167061 TI - Inhibition of DNA polymerization and DNA transcription to RNA by seminal plasma peptides. AB - An oligopeptide fraction purified from the extracellular compartment of bull semen and strongly interacting with DNA was shown to hinder mononucleotide polymerizations to DNA and RNA in vitro. The fraction, collectively called seminal plasma inhibitor, was active in the endogenous DNA and RNA polymerase reactions of the nuclei from rat hepatocytes and in the analogous nucleotide polymerizations catalyzed by purified enzymes of bacterial origin. The type of the induced inhibition was studied using the RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli as a representative nucleotidyl transferase. In the enzymatic polycondensation of mononucleotides, the seminal plasma inhibitor appeared to exert its effect mainly by a competitive inhibition for the utilization of DNA templates without specificity with respect to the source and the base sequence of DNA. Concavities of the plots of V0/Vi versus the amounts of inhibitor in the nucleotide polymerizing reactions and of the Dixon plots in the assays of RNA polymerase from E. coli suggested that the isolated oligopeptide fraction contained more than one active molecular species with differential effects at low and high doses. Preliminary results on the microheterogeneity of the seminal plasma inhibitor supported this contention. PMID- 3167063 TI - Fibrinogen and albumin synthesis are regulated at the transcriptional level during the acute phase response. AB - During acute inflammation or after administration of monocytic products, an enhanced transcription of the fibrinogen polypeptide genes and a reduced transcription of the albumin gene were observed. The changes in the fibrinogen polypeptide transcriptional rate were found to precede the change in albumin gene transcription. These findings indicate that the altered synthesis of fibrinogen and albumin during inflammation are regulated at the transcriptional level and are most probably mediated by monocytic products (including interleukin-1). PMID- 3167062 TI - Molecular cloning of the barley seed protein CMd: a variant member of the alpha amylase/trypsin inhibitor family of cereals. AB - The nucleotide and deduced amino-acid sequences of a cDNA clone encoding the barley seed protein CMd are described. The sequence is homologous with those of a family of inhibitors of alpha-amylase and trypsin, except for two short insertions. The longest of these (14 residues) is at the junction between the three proposed ancestral regions that comprise this family of proteins, and has limited identity with alpha-amylases of bacterial origin. PMID- 3167064 TI - A novel aspect of the information content of viroids. AB - Viroids were found to exhibit a structural periodicity characterized by repeat units of a length of 11 or 12 (potato spindle tuber viroid group and coconut cadang-cadang viroid), 60 (apple scar skin viroid) and 80 (avocado sunblotch viroid) nucleotide residues, respectively. It is suggested that structural periodicity of viroids is an indication of their protein-binding ability. PMID- 3167065 TI - Aplysia oxymyoglobin with an unusual stability property: involvement of two kinds of carboxyl groups. AB - Unlike mammalian oxymyoglobins, Aplysia MbO2 is extremely susceptible to autoxidation, and its pH dependence is also unusual. Kinetic formulation has revealed that two kinds of dissociable group with pK1 = 4.3 and pK2 = 6.1, respectively, at 25 degrees C are involved in the stability property of Aplysia MbO2. In order to characterize thermodynamically these dissociation processes involved, the effect of temperature on K1 and K2 was studied by analyzing the pH dependence for the autoxidation rate of Aplysia MbO2 in 0.1 M buffer over the pH range of 4-11, and at 15, 25 and 35 degrees C. The resulting thermodynamic parameters for each group were both those to be expected for the ionization of a carboxyl group; the delta H degrees value being numerically much less than 1 kcal.mol-1, or zero in practice, but being associated with a large negative value of delta S degrees of the order of -20 cal.mol-1.K-1. Taking into account the fact that Aplysia myoglobin contains only a single histidine residue corresponding to the heme-binding proximal one, we can unequivocally conclude that the two kinds of the dissociable group involved in the unusual stability of Aplysia MbO2 must both be carboxyl groups, the protonation of these groups being responsible for an increase in its autoxidation rate in the acidic pH range. PMID- 3167066 TI - Comparison of Ca2+-dependent effects of caldesmon-tropomyosin-calmodulin and troponin-tropomyosin complexes on the structure of F-actin in ghost fibers and its interaction with myosin heads. AB - Comparison of two types of Ca2+-regulated thin filament, reconstructed in ghost fibers by incorporating either caldesmon-gizzard tropomyosin-calmodulin or skeletal muscle troponin-tropomyosin complex, was performed by polarized microphotometry. The changes in actin structure under the influence of these regulatory complexes, as well as those upon the binding of the myosin heads, were followed by measurements of F-actin intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and the fluorescence of phalloidin-rhodamine complex attached to F-actin. The results show that in the presence of smooth muscle tropomyosin and calmodulin, caldesmon causes Ca2+-dependent alterations of actin conformation and flexibility similar to those induced by skeletal muscle troponin-tropomyosin complex. In both cases, transferring of the fiber from '-Ca2+' to '+Ca2+' solution increases the number of turned-on actin monomers. However, whereas troponin in the absence of Ca2+ potentiates the effect of skeletal muscle tropomyosin, caldesmon-calmodulin complex inhibits the effect of smooth muscle tropomyosin. This difference seems to be due to the qualitatively different alterations in the structure and flexibility of F-actin in ghost fibers evoked by smooth and skeletal muscle tropomyosins. Troponin can bind to F-actin-smooth muscle tropomyosin-caldesmon complex and, in the presence of Ca2+, release the restraint by caldesmon for S-1 induced alterations of conformation, and reduce that for flexibility of actin in ghost fibers. This effect seems to be related to the abolishment by troponin of the potentiating effect of tropomyosin on caldesmon-induced inhibition of actomyosin ATPase activity. PMID- 3167067 TI - Binding of the bovine basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) to human alpha , beta- and gamma-thrombin; a kinetic and thermodynamic study. AB - Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the binding of the bovine basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI, Kunitz inhibitor) to human alpha-, beta- and gamma-thrombin have been determined, between 5 and 45 degrees C, at pH 7.5. BPTI binding properties to human thrombins have been analyzed in parallel with those of serine (pro)enzymes acting on cationic and non-cationic substrates, with particular reference to the bovine beta-trypsin/BPTI system. The observed binding behaviour of BPTI to human alpha-, beta- and gamma-thrombin has been related to the inferred stereochemistry of the enzyme/inhibitor contact region(s). PMID- 3167068 TI - The secondary structure of peptides derived from caseins: a circular dichroism study. AB - Three peptides have been formed by proteolytic digestion of individual casein proteins and their secondary structures characterised by far-UV circular dichroism (CD). Peptide alpha s1(1-23), residues 1-23 of alpha s1-casein, was generated by treatment of the parent protein with chymosin. Peptides beta(1-28) and beta(1-52), residues 1-28 and 1-52 of beta-casein, were plasmin- and chymotrypsin-generated fragments, respectively. Analysis of the CD spectra revealed that in aqueous solution all three peptides have secondary structures composed exclusively of beta-sheet and random coil. A limited amount of alpha helix was formed in two of the three peptides upon treatment with high concentrations (greater than 40% (v/v] of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. Partial dephosphorylation (60%) of beta(1-28) and beta(1-52) by treatment with alkaline phosphatase resulted in homogeneous preparations, as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which exhibited increased hydrophobicity. This reduction in the level of phosphorylation of serine residues 15, 17, 18 and 19 led to increased propensity for helix formation in the peptides in the presence of 2,2,2 trifluoroethanol, but no alpha-helical structures were detected in the dephosphorylated peptides in the absence of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. PMID- 3167069 TI - Ca2+-induced conformational changes in cardiac troponin C as measured by N-(1 pyrene)maleimide fluorescence. AB - Bovine cardiac troponin C was modified by N-(1-pyrene)maleimide at Cys-35 and Cys 84; the Ca2+-induced conformational changes were followed by measuring pyrene fluorescence. In isolated troponin C, the saturation of Ca2+, Mg2+-sites leads to a simultaneous increase in the pyrene monomer as well as to a decrease in the pyrene excimer fluorescence, whereas the saturation of Ca2+-specific sites results in a slight decrease in the fluorescence of pyrene monomer. Troponin T does not influence the dependence of pyrene-troponin C fluorescence on Ca2+ concentration. Within the equimolar complex of troponin C and troponin I, the saturation of Ca2+, Mg2+-sites has no effect on pyrene fluorescence, whereas the saturation of Ca2+-specific sites leads to a simultaneous decrease of both pyrene monomer and pyrene excimer fluorescence. It is supposed that troponin I diminishes the conformational changes in troponin C that are induced by the saturation of Ca2+, Mg2+-sites and enhances the conformational changes induced by the saturation of Ca2+-specific sites of troponin C. PMID- 3167070 TI - A laser Raman spectroscopic study of the interaction of the methylmercury cation with AMP, ADP and ATP. AB - The interaction of the CH3Hg+ cation with adenosine 5'-monophosphate, adenosine 5'-diphosphate, and adenosine 5'-triphosphate has been studied in aqueous solution at neutral pH by laser Raman spectroscopy. Metal binding is shown to occur preferentially at the N-1 ring position of adenine, with some indication of coordination to the N-7 site and substitution of a proton on the exocyclic NH2 group of the nucleic base. Binding of the cation to phosphate groups also occurs extensively, with both the -PO2-3 and -PO-2 groups. The equilibrium constants for the binding to the phosphate groups and for N-1 coordination are approx. 70 and 600 M-1, respectively. PMID- 3167072 TI - A study on the quaternary structure change of hemoglobin in the ligation process. AB - In order to inquire into the molecular mechanism underlying the cooperative ligand binding to hemoglobin (Hb), conformational interaction at the interfaces between subunits are investigated on the basis of the atomic coordinates of human deoxy and human carbonmonoxy Hbs. Hypothetical intermediate structures are used, each of which is obtained from the procedure where one or more subunits in deoxy Hb are replaced by the corresponding CO-liganded subunits in carbonmonoxy Hb using the method of superimposition of two sets of atomic coordinates. When either alpha or beta subunit is substituted with the corresponding subunit in carbonmonoxy Hb, serious steric hindrances are produced between alpha 1FG4(92)Arg and beta 2C3(37)Trp or between alpha 1C6(41)Thr and beta 2FG4(97)His, all of which belong to the allosteric core affected directly by ligand binding. These steric hindrances become more serious when both alpha 1(alpha 2) and beta 2(beta 1) subunits are substituted. Therefore the change in the relative distance between iron atom and porphyrin by ligation results in strain in the C-terminal residues as an effect of the steric hindrance between the FG and C segments. However, no steric hindrance can be seen between subunits when the subunits in carbonmonoxy Hb are substituted with the corresponding subunits in deoxy Hb. The nature of the quaternary structural change from liganded to deoxy Hb seems to be different from that from deoxy to liganded Hb. PMID- 3167071 TI - Histone H1 structure probed by Staphylococcus aureus V8-proteinase. AB - Proteolytic digestion of calf thymus histone H1 with Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase under structuring conditions generates one major limit peptide P1 which consists of approx. 170 residues. Edman degradation establishes the N terminal sequence as: Leu-Ile-Thr-Lys-Ala-Val-Ala-Ala-Ser-Lys. Chymotryptic fingerprinting shows that the C-terminal part of the H1 molecule is fully preserved. The peptide therefore comprises the residues H1 (42-210). The Glu-41 cleavage is extremely unusual as it occurs in the structured G-domain which is known to be resistant to proteinases (Hartman, P. G., Chapman, G. E., Moss, T. and Bradbury, E. M. (1977) Eur. J. Biochem. 77, 45-71; Bohm, L., Sautiere, P., Cary, P. D. and Crane-Robinson, C. (1982) Biochem. J. 203, 577-582). The V8 proteinase cleavage product H1 (42-210) shows only 20% folding as compared to 95 99% folding shown by the peptides H1 (34-121), H1 (31-210) and H1 (33-210). Folding of the G-domain thus critically depends upon the presence of the eight residues 33-41 amongst which the Gly-Pro-Pro sequence at position 36-38 and a beta-turn predicted at position 35 are considered to be particularly important. The location of the cleavage site in the G-domain renders Staphylococcus aureus V8-proteinase suitable as a structural probe. PMID- 3167073 TI - Fast kinetics analysis of the peroxidatic reaction catalysed by horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - The kinetics of the enzymatic step of the peroxidatic reaction between NAD and hydrogen peroxide, catalysed by horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1), has been investigated at pH 7 at high enzyme concentration. Under such conditions no burst phase has been observed, thus indicating that the rate-limiting step in the process, which converts NAD into Compound I, either precedes or coincides with the chemical step responsible for the observed spectroscopic change. Kinetic analysis of the data, performed according to a simplified reaction scheme suggests that the rate-limiting step is coincident with the spectroscopic (i.e., chemical) step itself. Furthermore, the absence of a proton burst phase indicates the proton release step does not precede the chemical step, in contrast with the case of ethanol oxidation. A kinetic effect of different premixing conditions on the reaction rate has been observed and attributed to the presence of NADH formed in the 'blank reaction' between NAD and residual ethanol tightly bound to alcohol dehydrogenase. A molecular mechanism for the enzymatic peroxidation step is finally proposed, exploiting the knowledge of the much better known reaction of ethanol oxidation. Inhibition of this reaction by NADH has been investigated with respect to H2O2 (noncompetitive, Ki about 10 microM) and to NAD (competitive, Ki about 0.7 microM). The effect of temperature on the steady-state reaction state (about 65 kJ/mol activation energy) has also been studied. PMID- 3167074 TI - Vanadium K-edge absorption spectrum of bromoperoxidase from Ascophyllum nodosum. AB - With synchrotron radiation from the Bonn 2.5 GeV synchrotron, high-resolution absorption spectra have been measured at the vanadium K-edge of bromoperoxidase from the marine brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum and several model compounds. The near-edge structure (XANES) of these spectra was used to determine the charge state and the coordination geometry around the vanadium atom. For the active enzyme a coordination charge of 2.7 was found which is compatible with a formal valence of +5, assuming coordination by atoms with a high electronegativity such as oxygen or nitrogen. For the reduced enzyme the coordination charge value of 2.15 indicates the reduction of the valency by 1 unit. Our results suggest that the coordination sphere of the vanadium atom in the native enzyme consists of at least seven oxygen atoms in a distorted octahedral environment with an average bond length of about 2 A. Through the reduction process, the coordination sphere of the vanadium atom changes with a simultaneous decrease of the coordination cage. These results agree with those deduced from previous EPR and 51V-NMR measurements. PMID- 3167075 TI - Rationalization of aminopeptidase activities in human skeletal muscle soluble extract. AB - Although a wide range of aminoacyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin derivatives (which are used to measure aminopeptidase activity) were found to be hydrolysed by human skeletal muscle soluble fraction, fractionation of the latter via anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography resolved only five types of separable aminopeptidase (with activity relative to alanyl aminopeptidase in parentheses): alanyl aminopeptidase (alpha-aminoacyl-peptide hydrolase, EC 3.4.11.14, 100%), arginyl aminopeptidase (two isoenzymes, L-arginyl-L-lysyl)-peptide hydrolase, EC 3.4.11.6, 15%); pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase (5-oxoprolyl-peptide hydrolase, EC 3.4.19.3, 3%); leucyl aminopeptidase (alpha-aminoacyl-peptide hydrolase (cytosol), EC 3.4.11.1, 1.5%) and alpha-glutamyl aminopeptidase (0.2%). Thus over 80% of the total aminopeptidase activity (expressed in relative terms) in human skeletal muscle soluble fraction can be accounted for by a single enzyme, the major aminopeptidase. A single peak of activity, which co-eluted with the major aminopeptidase after anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography, was obtained after assay with the following aminoacyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin derivatives: glycyl-, isoleucyl-, lysyl-, methionyl-, ornithyl-, phenylalanyl-, prolyl-, seryl-, tyrosyl- and valyl-. Thus, the hydrolysis of these derivatives by skeletal muscle soluble fraction occurs principally via the major aminopeptidase and not by specific enzymes, as previously suggested (Wada and Aoyagi, 1983). These results illustrate the difficulty in measuring individual aminopeptidase activities in muscle homogenate and soluble fraction, and the danger in ascribing apparent aminopeptidase activity to 'specific' enzymes. PMID- 3167076 TI - Intestinal lipoprotein synthesis in control and hypercholesterolemic rats. AB - Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) synthesized by the intestine of the diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rat are enriched in cholesteryl esters and unesterified cholesterol compared with intestinal VLDL from control rats. In these studies, we isolated and characterized nascent intestinal Golgi intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL, d 1.006-1.040 g/ml) and studied isotope incorporation into apoliproteins of Golgi VLDL from control and hypercholesterolemic rats. IDL were triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins but contained more cholesteryl ester and protein than the corresponding Golgi VLDL fractions. IDL from hypercholesterolemic rats were enriched in cholesteryl esters to a greater extent than IDL from control rats. The apolipoprotein patterns of IDL fractions were the same as those of intestinal Golgi VLDL, consisting of apolipoproteins (apo) B-48, A-I and A-IV. Time-course isotope incorporation curves for apo A-I and A-IV in Golgi VLDL were similar, but they differed from curves for apo B-48. None of these curves was markedly altered in the hypercholesterolemic rat. We conclude that the major effect of increased dietary cholesterol on intestinal lipoprotein biosynthesis is to increase the percentage of cholesteryl esters in Golgi lipoproteins. Dietary cholesterol does not alter the apolipoprotein composition of Golgi lipoproteins, nor does it have a significant effect on the pattern of isotope incorporation into apolipoproteins of Golgi VLDL. The effect of cholesteryl ester enrichment on the subsequent metabolism of these particles in the circulation and the effect of these particles on hepatic lipoprotein production remain to be determined. PMID- 3167077 TI - Action of lead(II) and aluminium (III) ions on iron-stimulated lipid peroxidation in liposomes, erythrocytes and rat liver microsomal fractions. AB - Lead (Pb2+) ions accelerate the lipid peroxidation observed when Fe2+ ions are added to phospholipid liposomes at pH 5.5 or pH 7.4, although Pb2+ ions alone do not induce any peroxidation. Similarly, aluminium (Al3+) ions increase Fe2+ dependent liposomal peroxidation at pH 5.5. Both Pb2+ and Al3+ accelerate the peroxidation of erythrocytes induced by high concentrations of H2O2 in the presence of azide, and they also increase the peroxidation that occurs when Fe2+ or Fe2+-ADP is added to rat liver microsomes at pH 7.4. It is proposed that increased lipid peroxidation may contribute to the toxic actions of Pb2+ in humans. PMID- 3167078 TI - Differences in the release of cholesterol from taurocholate versus taurochenodeoxycholate micellar solutions. AB - The maximal micellar solubility, distribution and apparent monomer activity of cholesterol in taurine-conjugated cholate and chenodeoxycholate micellar solutions were studied to clarify the different modulating effect of these bile salt species on cholesterol uptake in an intestinal lumen. The maximal micellar solubility was significantly greater in taurochenodeoxycholate. The intermicellar cholesterol monomer concentration was not significantly different between the two kinds of micellar solution. However, the apparent cholesterol monomer activity determined using an artificial organic phase (polyethylene disc) was significantly higher in taurocholate than that in taurochenodeoxycholate. A linear relationship between the intermicellar cholesterol concentration and the apparent cholesterol monomer activity was found, with the slope depending upon the bile salt species. It is concluded that the difference in partitioning of cholesterol from taurocholate and taurochenodeoxycholate micelles into a fixed organic phase may contribute in part to the different regulating effects of these bile salts on the uptake of cholesterol in the intraluminal phase. PMID- 3167079 TI - Steroid profiling in the study of rat testicular steroidogenesis. AB - Twenty authentic steroids, derivatized as O-methyl oximes (MO), trimethylsilyl (TMS) ethers or as MO-TMS ethers have been subjected to capillary gas chromatography using two different columns. Virtually all of the steroid derivatives have been resolved, one difficult pair to separate being 5,16 androstadien-3 beta-ol and 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3 beta-ol on the non-selective phase OV-1. Where syn and anti forms of MO derivatives arose, these were also resolved under the conditions utilised. This technique of 'steroid profiling' has been applied to the separation and quantification of metabolites of pregnenolone which were formed during incubations of the microsomal and cytosolic fractions from rat testes. The majority of the metabolites were found in the microsomal incubation. These compounds included some odorous 16-androstenes as well as other C21 and C19 steroids, the formation of which was consistent with the 5-ene and 4 ene pathways of testosterone biosynthesis being operative. In addition, evidence was obtained for 16 alpha-hydroxylation of C21 steroids. Very much less metabolic activity was found in the cytosolic fraction of rat testes. Metabolic pathways have been proposed which both confirm and extend earlier work. We conclude that the rat testis can only form some of the odorous, possibly pheromonal, 16 androstenes and that these are quantitatively less important than in the porcine testis. PMID- 3167080 TI - Reutilization of surfactant phosphatidylglycerol and lysophosphatidylcholine by adult rabbits. AB - Adult rabbits reutilize the phosphatidylcholine (PC) of surfactant much less efficiently than developing rabbits (22% vs. 95%). Comparisons of reutilization efficiency of other components of surfactant in adult rabbits have not been determined. We injected adult rabbits intratracheally with [3H]dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPG) mixed with [14C]lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) and natural surfactant or [14C]DPPC mixed with [3H]dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) and natural surfactant. Recovery in the alveolar wash and lamellar bodies of labelled DPPC, lysoPC and DPPG was determined at different times after injection. By plotting the ratio of [3H]DPPG to [14C]DPPC in the alveolar wash versus time after injection we found that phosphatidylglycerol was reutilized with an efficiency of only 0-7% which was much less than the reutilization of PC in these animals. At early times after injection, adult rabbits injected with [14C]lysoPC had a ratio of [14C]PC in their alveolar wash to lamellar bodies that was larger than 1.0. By comparison, 3 day old rabbits injected intratracheally with [14C]lysoPC had a ratio of [14C]PC in alveolar wash to lamellar bodies less than 1.0 at the earliest times measurable. Thus adult rabbits demonstrate a pathway for accumulation of PC in their alveolar space prior to its appearance in lamellar bodies. This was not detected in developing rabbits. As in developing rabbits, adult rabbits reutilize the phosphatidylglycerol of surfactant less efficiently than the PC of surfactant. PMID- 3167081 TI - Solubilization and partial characterization of phospholipase A from rat heart sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Phospholipase A has been solubilized from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of rat heart by treatment with Tris buffer, potassium chloride, taurodeoxycholate or octyl glucoside. On HPLC gel permeation, two phospholipases were identified at the void volume of a TSK 3000 column and at an apparent molecular mass of 60 kDa. The two activity peaks exhibited a predominance of phospholipase A1 activity (83-91%) and a lesser phospholipase C activity (4-9%) using sonicated 1-palmitoyl-2[1 14C]oleoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes as substrate. The voiding phospholipase A peak, which represented the bulk of the recovered activity, exhibited a requirement for calcium ions in the 0.3-3 microM range. The heat stability and response to mercuric ions was studied and some similarities were noted between the solubilized sarcoplasmic reticulum phospholipases A and the cytosolic phospholipases A of rat heart. It is speculated that the cytosolic phospholipase A which we reported earlier may represent in part phospholipase A released from sarcoplasmic reticulum during isolation of the subcellular membrane fractions. PMID- 3167082 TI - Mode of action of tetrahydrolipstatin: a derivative of the naturally occurring lipase inhibitor lipstatin. AB - Tetrahydrolipstatin is a specific lipase inhibitor derived from lipstatin, a lipid produced by Streptomyces toxytricini. In addition to pancreatic lipase, it is shown in the present study that tetrahydrolipstatin also inhibits human gastric lipase, carboxyl ester lipase (cholesterol esterase) of pancreatic origin and the closely related bile-salt-stimulated lipase of human milk. It does not inhibit the exocellular lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus or a lipase recently isolated from Staphylococcus aureus. In the presence of a water-insoluble substrate, such as tributyrin, the inhibition has the characteristics of an irreversible inactivation of the uncompetitive type, thus indicating that an enzyme.substrate.inhibitor complex is formed, which cannot undergo further reaction to yield the normal product. This reaction probably takes place at the aqueous/oil interface of the substrate. In aqueous solution, in the absence of substrate, the inhibition of carboxyl ester lipase by tetrahydrolipstatin has the characteristics of being reversible, and finally becomes of a temporary nature analogues to the trypsin-trypsin inhibitor system. It is suggested that an enzyme inhibitor complex of an acyl-enzyme type is formed that is slowly hydrolysed, with water as the final acceptor, leaving an intact enzyme and an inactive form of the inhibitor. The enzyme thus consumes the inhibitor, which undergoes a chemical conversion, as indicated by a change in mobility in an appropriate thin layer chromatographic system, indicating an increase in hydrophilicity. Evidence is presented that the reaction product is an acid and that the functional group of tetrahydrolipstatin is the beta-lactone reacting with the active site of the enzyme. PMID- 3167084 TI - Calcium-independent phospholipase A2 in rat tissue cytosols. AB - Cytosols (105,000 X g supernatant) from seven rat tissues were assayed for Ca2+ independent phospholipase A2 activity with either 1-acyl-2-[1-14C]linoleoyl-sn glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-acyl-2-[1-14C]linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphoethanolamine or 1-O-hexadecyl-2-[9,10-3H2]oleoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine as substrate. Low but consistent activities ranging from 10-120 pmol/min per mg protein were found in all tissues. The highest activities were present in liver, lung and brain. Total activities in mU/g wet weight were rather constant, ranging from 0.43 (heart) to 1.36 (liver). The soluble enzyme from rat lung cytosol was further investigated and was found to be capable of hydrolyzing microsomal membrane-associated substrates without exhibiting much selectivity for phosphatidylcholine species. Comparative gel filtration experiments of cytosol prepared from non-perfused and perfused lungs indicated that part of the Ca2+ independent phospholipase A2 originated from blood cells, but most of it was derived from lung cells. Lung cytosol also contained Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 activity, a small part of which originated from blood cells, presumably platelets. The major amount of Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 activity, however, came from lung cells. Neither this enzyme nor the Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 from lung tissue showed immunological cross-reactivity with monoclonal antibodies against Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 isolated from rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 3167083 TI - Reduction of hyperlipidemia in the LA/N-corpulent rat by dietary fish oil containing n-3 fatty acids. AB - The LA/N rat, when homozygous for the corpulent gene (cp/cp), is obese, hyperphageous, hyperinsulinemic, hypertriglyceridemic and prone to the development of vascular and myocardial lesions. The hypertriglyceridemia, which in 3-month-old cp/cp males is 282 +/- 42 mg/dl and in females, 512 +/- 83 mg/dl, results from the presence of a large triacylglycerol-rich VLDL. The moderate hypercholesterolemia in these animals is largely due to markedly elevated HDL levels, which reach 172 +/- 21 mg total lipid/dl in males and 154 +/- 22 mg total lipid/dl in females. The LA/N-cp rat is thus an interesting animal model of endogenous hypertriglyceridemia in which to examine the hypolipidemic effects of pharmacological agents and also dietary oil supplements containing the n-3 fatty acids. In this study, 1-month-old male and female cp/cp rats were fed a normal low fat laboratory chow supplemented with either 10% olive oil or 10% redfish (Sebastes marinus) oil ad libitum for a period of 2 months. The redfish oil contained 4.9 +/- 0.1% of its total fatty acids as eicosapentaenoic (20:5(n-3)) and 2.3 +/- 0.5% as docosahexaenoic acid (22:6(n-3)), the predominant fatty acids being gondoic (20:1(n-3)), 21.9 +/- 0.9% and cetoleic acid (22:1(n-11)), 21.7 +/- 1.7%, which are of dietary origin. Daily caloric intake was similar to the oil fed versus control rats. However, the oil-fed animals weighed significantly more than the controls after 2 months of oil supplementation. Redfish oil reduced serum triacylglycerols by 54% in males and 45% in females after 2 months. VLDL levels, after the same time period, were reduced by 44% in males and 39% in females. HDL lipid mass was significantly reduced in both sexes (by 27% in males and 49% in females). However, the levels remained above those of male LA/N +/+ rats of the same age and Long-Evens rats. Olive oil feeding significantly reduced serum cholesterol, triacyglycerols and phospholipids in male but only cholesterol and phospholipids in female animals. This oil had no significant effect upon VLDL total lipid levels in either sex, but significantly increased the particle diameter with a concomitant reduction in the cholesterol and phospholipid content. HDL total lipid levels were unaffected: However, HDL total cholesterol increased significantly in males only. Both oils markedly reduced serum LDL levels in both sexes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3167085 TI - Possible origins of PAF-acether and lyso-PAF-acether in rat lung alveoli secondary to hypoxia. AB - After 4 h hypoxia, platelet activating factor (PAF-acether or 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and its deacetylated derivative, lyso-PAF-acether, accumulate in rat lung surfactant, the latter in a 1000-fold excess (Prevost, M.C., Cariven, C., Simon, M.F., Chap, H. and Douste-Blazy, L. (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 119, 58-63). In order to determine the origin of these two phospholipids, rat lung alveolar lavages and rat lung macrophages were examined for phospholipid composition before and after 4 h of hypoxic treatment. Our data indicate an activation of phospholipase A2 in both compartments, as detected by the accumulation of lysophosphatidylcholine. The main effect was observed in lung surfactant, where phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis attained 13%. This change was concomitant with the activation of a calcium-independent phospholipase A2 present in lung alveolar lavages, which might be responsible for the accumulation of some lyso-PAF-acether, alkylacylcholine glycerophospholipids being present in low but significant amounts in lung surfactant. However, the main source of PAF and lyso PAF-acether appears to be alveolar macrophages, which secreted significant amounts of the two phospholipids upon in vitro hypoxic treatment, although the participation of other cells, such as type II pneumocytes, cannot be excluded. The relative amounts of the two compounds might be regulated by both an intracellular and an extracellular acetylhydrolase, the two enzymes being distinct proteins on the basis of their different isoelectric points. PMID- 3167086 TI - Characterization of NADP-dependent 12 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from Clostridium paraputrificum. AB - Clostridium paraputrificum D 762-06 was found to contain an NADP-dependent 12 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, already present in uninduced cells. Its specific activity could, however, be enhanced up to about 3-fold by the inclusion of bile acids with a 12-keto group or a 12 beta-hydroxy group in the growth medium. 3 alpha-Hydroxy-12-keto-5 beta-cholanoic acid was the most effective inducer. A pH optimum of 10.0 and a molecular weight of 126,000 were estimated by molecular sieve chromatography. The enzyme preparation reduced 12-keto groups in conjugated and unconjugated bile acids and oxidized a 12 beta-hydroxy function, but oxidative activity was only about 25% of the reductive one. Disubstituted bile acids showed lower Km values than the corresponding trisubstituted ones, the lowest Km values being those observed for 3,12- and 7,12-5 beta-cholanoic acids. No measurable activity against 12 alpha-hydroxyl groups could be detected. The enzyme was found to be heat-labile (95% inactivation at 50 degrees C for 10 min), but the activity was maintained for about 4 weeks when lyophilized preparations were stored at -20 degrees C. 12 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was also demonstrated in the membrane fraction after solubilization with Triton X 100, suggesting that it was originally a membrane-bound enzyme. PMID- 3167087 TI - Characterization of fluorescent products from reaction of methyl linoleate hydroperoxides with adenine in the presence of Fe2+ and ascorbic acid. AB - The structures of fluorescent products formed in the reaction of methyl linoleate hydroperoxides with adenine, FeSO4 and ascorbic acid were investigated to elucidate the mechanism of interaction. The fluorescent products consisted of at least four major components (I-IV), which could be separated by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Both 2-octenal and 2,4 decadienal, degradation products of methyl linoleate hydroperoxides, reacted with adenine to produce a fluorescent product similar to one of the major compounds (II) formed in the reaction of methyl linoleate hydroperoxides. Spectroscopic data suggest that I and III are the same type of compounds, which have closed ring structures with alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl groups between the amino group at the 6-position and the nitrogen at the 1-position of adenine. Component II has a closed ring structure at the same site as I and III, and the presence of an ether linkage was suggested. On the basis of these structures, the involvement of 3-nonenal, methyl 12-oxo-9-dodecenoate and 2-octenal was suggested in the interaction of the methyl linoleate hydroperoxides decomposition products and adenine or DNA in the presence of FeSO4 and ascorbic acid. PMID- 3167088 TI - Effects of phospholipids on hydrolysis of trioleoylglycerol by human serum carboxylesterase. AB - Human serum carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1), purified by affinity chromatography on trimethylammonium anilinium-Sepharose, hydrolyzed the short-chain fatty acid ester tributyrin (40 mumol/mg protein per h), but scarcely hydrolyzed the long chain fatty acid ester triolein (less than 0.2 mumol/mg protein per h). Phospholipids enhanced triolein hydrolysis by carboxylesterase to various extents, cardiolipin causing the most enhancement (2.5 mumol/mg protein per h). Phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol also enhanced carboxylesterase catalyzed hydrolysis of triolein (450-980 nmol/mg protein per h). The optimal pH for tributyrin hydrolysis was pH 8.0, but the pH range for triolein hydrolysis was broad, being pH 4.5-7.5. The rates of hydrolyses of monoolein, diolein and triolein by carboxylesterase in the absence and presence of 100 micrograms/ml cardiolipin were 3.9, 0.5 and 0.2 mumol/mg esterase per h and 2.0, 0.6 and 4.0 mumol/mg protein per h, respectively. Thus, on addition of cardiolipin, triolein hydrolysis was enhanced, but tributyrin hydrolysis was reciprocally decreased. Triton X-100 (0.1%) and NaCl (1.0 M) decreased triolein hydrolysis, but did not decrease tributyrin hydrolysis. Mercaptoethanol decreased triolein hydrolysis, but not tributyrin hydrolysis. These results suggest that cardiolipin modifies the interaction of carboxylesterase with substrates in such a way as to facilitate its interaction with a hydrophobic substrate, and that disulfide bonding might be involved in the substrate recognition site. PMID- 3167089 TI - A comment on the evaluation of equilibrium constants for alpha-tocopherol interactions with fatty acids by absorbance in the ultraviolet region. AB - This paper comments on the evaluation of Erin and co-workers (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 774 (1984) 96-102) of equilibrium constants for alpha-tocopherol interactions with fatty acids on the basis of the changes of absorbance in a 200 nm ultraviolet region. It is concluded that the ultraviolet method is inadequate because it is affected by absorption in that region of the solvent, ethanol and fatty acids which they used. PMID- 3167090 TI - Uptake of acetylated LDL by peritoneal macrophages obtained from normal and Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits, an animal model for familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - Acetylated low-density lipoprotein (acetyl-LDL) stimulated the incorporation of [14C]oleate into cholesteryl [14C]oleate in peritoneal macrophages from both normal and Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits. A degradation study showed that macrophages from WHHL rabbits degraded the same amount of 125I labeled acetyl-LDL as macrophages from normal rabbits. These findings indicate that macrophages of WHHL rabbits have functional acetyl-LDL receptors. PMID- 3167092 TI - Goat milk oligosaccharides: purification and characterization by HPLC and high field 1H-NMR spectroscopy. AB - Three oligosaccharides were isolated from goat milk using Bio-Gel P-4 and reverse phase C-18 HPLC and were characterized by high-field 1H-NMR spectroscopy as a trisaccharide, GlcNAc(beta 1-6)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc, a tetrasaccharide, Gal(beta 1 4)GlcNAc(beta 1-6)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc, and a pentasaccharide. PMID- 3167091 TI - Estrogen-induced alterations of the acidic and neutral glycosphingolipids of rat kidney. AB - In order to determine whether female sex hormones could influence the glycosphingolipid composition of the rat kidney, male albino rats of the Sherman strain were subcutaneously administered the synthetic estrogen, ethinylestradiol (5 mg/kg body wt. per day) or vehicle for 5 days, and the ganglioside, ceramide and neutral glycosphingolipid compositions of the kidneys of these animals were analyzed and compared. The results of these experiments demonstrate that estrogen treatment: (1) increased the ceramide, acidic and neutral glycosphingolipid contents of this tissue; (2) decreased the relative percentages of glucosyl- and globotetraosylceramide and hematoside (GM3), but increased the relative percentage of globotriaosylceramide and 'other' gangliosides; (3) increased the relative percentage of N-acetyl- to N-glycolylneuraminic acid in GM3; and (4) altered the long-chain bases of GM3, glucosyl- and globotetraosylceramide in this organ. These data, therefore, demonstrate that estrogen administration induces quantitative and qualitative alterations in the gangliosides, neutral glycosphingolipids and ceramide of the rat kidney. This data as well as a discussion of the possible physiological consequences of these estrogen-induced alterations in kidney glycosphingolipids serve as the basis for this report. PMID- 3167093 TI - Effect of pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone and other hydrazones on iron release from macrophages, reticulocytes and hepatocytes. AB - A model consisting of 59Fe-labelled macrophages was developed for screening potential iron-chelating drugs. Mouse peritoneal macrophages, induced by previous intraperitoneal injections of 3% thioglycollate, were labelled in vitro by their exposure to immune complexes of 59Fe-transferrin-antitransferrin antibody. Optimal conditions for macrophage labelling and subsequent 59Fe release were established. Sixty-two aromatic hydrazones, the majority of which had iron binding structures similar to pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone, were synthesized by condensation of aromatic aldehydes (pyridoxal, salicylaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-1 naphthylaldehyde and 2-furaldehyde) with various acid hydrazides prepared by systematic substitutions on the benzene ring. These compounds were examined for their potential to stimulate 59Fe release from 59Fe-labelled macrophages and also from reticulocytes and hepatocytes loaded with non-heme 59Fe. The majority of hydrazones derived from pyridoxal, salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1 naphthylaldehyde seemed to be equally effective in both the macrophage and reticulocyte testing systems. However, the pyridoxal hydrazones were much more active in hepatocytes than the other groups of hydrazones. Several compounds proved to be very potent in mobilizing 59Fe. These included hydrazones derived from 2-hydroxy-1-naphthylaldehyde and benzoic acid hydrazide, p-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide, 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid hydrazide, and also pyridoxal benzoyl hydrazone, pyridoxal m-fluorobenzoyl hydrazone and pyridoxal 2-thiophenecarboxyl hydrazone. PMID- 3167094 TI - Characterization of a new flavin metabolite from human urine. AB - A new flavin metabolite comprising approximately 5% of the total flavin of human urine was isolated and characterized using absorption and fluorescence spectra, oxidation-reduction and hydrolysis data, and ninhydrin reactions. The flavin is a derivative associated with a peptide residue in ester linkage from an amino acid carboxyl to the ribityl chain of riboflavin, probably at the 5'-terminus. PMID- 3167095 TI - Concanavalin A variants of the fetoacinar pancreatic protein in the developing human pancreas and other biological sources. AB - Two new sources for the fetoacinar pancreatic protein (FAP protein) are described in this study: amniotic fluids taken at 18 weeks gestation, and pancreatic juices from patients with pancreatic pathology. The FAP protein from different biological sources showed two kinds of molecular heterogeneity: (a) molecular weight, and (b) lectin-binding affinity. By Western blot the protein was shown to exist either as a doublet (the higher-Mr component at 110 kDa and the second in the range 80-100 kDa) or as a single band (110 kDa) depending on the source. By chromatography on Con A-Sepharose the protein could be separated into two variants, reactive and nonreactive. Most of the protein was present as the Con A nonreactive variant. The Western-blot patterns of both variants in a given sample were identical. The FAP protein expression had an oncodevelopmental character; maximal concentration was seen in middle-gestation fetal pancreas extracts. Expression of the FAP protein Con A variants followed the same developmental pattern as that of total FAP protein, and their relative amounts remained almost constant during fetal growth. Evidence is given for the presence of lectin and molecular-weight heterogeneities of the protein as well as for the lack of a developmental pattern for the expression of these variants. PMID- 3167096 TI - Isolation and characterization of sulfated glycoprotein from human pancreatic juice. AB - Sulfated glycoprotein was isolated by precipitation from dialyzed human pancreatic juice and purified by ion-exchange chromatography followed by repeated gel chromatography. The sulfated glycoprotein was obtained as a sulfated glycoprotein-lipid complex by Sepharose CL-2B chromatography. Lipids aggregating with the sulfated glycoprotein were glycolipids such as ceramide trihexoside, and simple lipids such as cholesterol and cholesterol ester. This glycoprotein was resistant to digestion with mucopolysaccharidases or alpha-amylase, and consisted of 60% (w/w) protein and 40% sugars. The polypeptide core was characterized by a high content of serine, threonine, aspartic acid and glycine, but lacked cysteine. Its sugar components were N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, galactose, fucose and sialic acid. Absorption at 1240 cm-1 and 820 cm-1 by infrared spectroscopy indicated the presence of a sulfate ester group. All the carbohydrate chains of this sulfated glycoprotein, which are polydisperse and heterogeneous, were O-glycosidically linked through N-acetylgalactosamine to a protein core. PMID- 3167097 TI - Binding proteins for sweet compounds from gustatory papillae of the cow, pig and rat. AB - The intensely sweet proteins thaumatin and monellin were covalently attached to affinity column supports. Lingual tissue extracts were incubated with the affinity columns which were then eluted with glycine-HCl pH 3.4, the sweet peptide aspartame, or gymnemic acid, which is a sweet taste modifier. SDS-PAGE analysis of eluates from the columns showed that 156 kDa and 47 kDa proteins were the main components from cow fungiform papillae which were specifically bound to thaumatin and monellin. These proteins could be displaced from the column with 0.5 mM aspartame or 0.5 mg/ml gymnemic acid. With circumvallate papillae small amounts of 47 kDa protein were also found. The 47 kDa protein was also the major component bound to a gymnemic acid affinity column and could be displaced from the column with 0.5 mg/ml gymnemic acid. Control experiments with other lingual tissue components indicated that these proteins are localised in the gustatory papillae. Similar protein patterns were also found in extracts of pig fungiform papillae and rat lingual preparations. PMID- 3167098 TI - Effect of rat phosphorylcholine-binding protein on platelet aggregation. AB - Rat serum phosphorylcholine-binding protein (PCBP), also referred to as rat C reactive protein, is present in serum under normal physiological conditions. In the present study, PCBP is shown to inhibit, in a dose-dependent manner, ADP- and platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced platelet aggregation, using either washed rat platelets or platelet-rich plasma from rats or humans. Rat platelets, as expected, were refractory to aggregation by PAF. However, when rabbit antiserum against PCBP was added to rat platelet-rich plasma, it resulted in aggregation of platelets by PAF. PCBP also inhibited the PAF-induced aggregation of human platelets in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by PCBP was reversed by adding phosphorylcholine. Our results suggest that PCBP present in rat serum could be the cause of the refractory response of rat plasma to PAF. It is possible that PCBP inhibits platelet aggregation by binding to the platelet surface phospholipids. PMID- 3167099 TI - Biochemical and physiological studies on a kallikrein-like enzyme from the venom of Crotalus viridis viridis (prairie rattlesnake). AB - A kallikrein-like enzyme was isolated from Crotalus viridis viridis (Prairie rattlesnake) venom by Sephadex G-50, DEAE-Sephacel and heparin-Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. The purified enzyme has a molecular mass of 32 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.4. The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of arginine esters, kallikrein substrates Pro-Phe-Arg-MCA and Z-Phe-Arg-MCA. The specificity of the enzyme's substrate requirement is demonstrated by the fact that no proteolytic activity was detected against either dimethyl casein or fibrinogen. The enzyme also cleaves kininogen analogs to release bradykinin. Although the enzyme induced contraction of the isolated rat uterus directly at high concentrations, more forceful contractions resulted when the reaction mixture of the enzyme and bovine plasma was applied to the uterus. The reaction mixture of 5.10(-11) M of the enzyme and plasma caused contractions equal to that of 10(-9) M of bradykinin. Additionally the enzyme demonstrated capillary permeability-increasing activity and hypotensive activity on the anesthetized rat, suggesting that the enzyme releases the dilator of the wall of capillaries from plasma. Uterine contraction, capillary permeability-increasing activity and arginine esterolytic activity were inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, indicating that the serine hydroxyl group is essential for enzymatic and biological activities. It was demonstrated that the NH2-terminal region of the enzyme has significant similarities in sequence with kallikrein-like enzymes from other snake venoms and porcine pancreatic kallikrein. PMID- 3167100 TI - In vitro drug delivery mediated by ecto-NAD+-glycohydrolase ligand-targeted liposomes. AB - We have studied the growth-inhibitory potency of methotrexate and methotrexate gamma-aspartate encapsulated in liposomes conjugated to ligands of ecto-NAD+ glycohydrolase (Salord, J. et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 886 (1986) 64-75). The ability of targeted liposomes to enhance growth inhibition, which amounted to a 4 fold reduction of the drug concentration required to inhibit cell growth by 50% as compared to nontargeted liposomes, was observed only with cells expressing this ecto-enzyme activity, i.e., Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts and RAJI, a Burkitt-type lymphoma cell line. Delivery of the encapsulated drugs was inhibited by NH4Cl and varied with the endocytic capacity of the cells. Only small unilamellar vesicles affected the growth of the lymphoma cells, whereas the fibroblasts were more sensitive to large unilamellar vesicles. With vesicles of appropriate size, there was a good correlation between the specific binding of the targeted liposomes to cells and drug delivery. Our results suggest that ecto-NAD+-glycohydrolase can provide a recognition site on target cells and mediate the internalization of targeted liposomes by a mechanism most probably related to adsorptive endocytosis. PMID- 3167101 TI - Physiological and 15N-NMR analysis of molecular nitrogen fixation by Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus, Methanobacterium bryantii and Methanospirillum hungatei. AB - Two mesophilic methanogenic bacteria, Methanobacterium bryantii strain MOH and Methanospirillum hungatei strain GP1 were demonstrated, using several different experimental approaches, to fix dinitrogen. Evidence includes (1) growth with N2 as the sole nitrogen source; (2) incorporation of 15N2 into cellular material (both soluble amino acid pools and insoluble cell protein and other macromolecules) detected by 15N-NMR spectroscopy; (3) acetylene reduction to ethylene by the cells, and inhibition of this reaction by bromoethanesulfonic acid (BES), a methanogen inhibitor. High-resolution 15N-NMR analysis of ethanol extracts of these organisms and cross-polarization magic-angle sample spinning analysis of the solid debris from these extracts are compared to labeled material from Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus, a methanogen previously determined to fix dinitrogen. PMID- 3167102 TI - The effect of rejuvenation of aged erythrocytes on biochemical parameters in the perfused hind limb muscle preparation. AB - (1) A systematic investigation was carried out into the use of time-expired erythrocytes in an isolated perfused skeletal muscle preparation. Comparisons were made between erythrocytes subjected to a process of 'rejuvenation' (Rennie and Holloszy (1977), Biochem. J. 168, 161-170) and untreated erythrocytes (controls). (2) The use of rejuvenated erythrocytes had no significant effect on concentrations of muscle ATP, phosphocreatine and lactate, nor fractional rates of muscle protein synthesis. However, muscle water concentrations were reduced when compared to controls. (3) There was an influx of K+ from the plasma into rejuvenated erythrocytes. This was accompanied by a substantial loss (17%) of intramuscular K+. There was also loss of K+ from control preparations but this amounted to approx. 1% of muscle content. (4) Erythrocyte fragility was greater in the control perfusate (6%, haemolysis) when compared to the medium with rejuvenated cells (1%, haemolysis). As a consequence of either erythrocyte storage, rejuvenation or haemolysis, plasma concentrations of phosphate, magnesium, calcium and potassium were significantly different from starting values, by as much as 300% in both groups, and varied throughout the study. (5) It is concluded that the use of rejuvenated erythrocytes does not confer any advantage in unexercised perfused skeletal muscle preparations. However, both types of erythrocyte induce changes in perfusate composition relative to starting or in vivo profiles. PMID- 3167103 TI - Synthetic peptide substrates for casein kinase 2. Assessment of minimum structural requirements for phosphorylation. AB - Unlike the peptides SAEAAA and SEEAAA which are not substrates for casein kinase 2 (CK-2) their analogs SAAEAE and SAAEAA are still significantly phosphorylated. Their Km values, however, (13.3 and 18.9 mM, respectively) are almost two orders of magnitude higher than that of SEEEEE and their Vmax values are 3- and 14-fold lower than that of SAAEEE. The peptide ESEEEEE, but not ASEEEEE, is a slightly better substrate than SEEEEE, while both RSEEEEE and SEEEKE are very poor substrates compared to ASEEEEE and SEEEAE, respectively. SAAEAE is much more responsive to polylysine stimulation and polyphosphate inhibition than is SEEEEE. Taken together these data show that a single acidic residue at the third position from the C-terminal side of the phosphorylatable amino acid represents not only a necessary, but also a sufficient condition for site recognition by CK-2. Optimal phosphorylation efficiency, however, requires an extended C-terminal cluster of several acidic residues, and can be compromised by the presence of only a basic residue either inside the acidic cluster or adjacent to the N-terminal side of the phosphoacceptor amino acid. The structure of the phosphoacceptor site can greatly influence the efficacy of substrate-directed effectors of CK-2. PMID- 3167104 TI - [Evaluation of the contribution of various types of movement of protein globules into effects observed using the Rayleigh scattering of Mossbauer radiation or the Mossbauer absorption spectroscopy]. AB - Conditions (regions of hydration degrees and temperatures) are considered at which effects observed in Rayleigh Scattering of Mossbauer Radiation and Mossbauer Absorption Spectroscopy can be attributed to changes in intramolecular mobility, rather than contribution of different types of motions of macromolecules as a whole. PMID- 3167105 TI - [A study of the effect of solvent composition and viscosity on the molecular dynamics of human serum albumin using Rayleigh scattering of Mossbauer radiation]. AB - By means of RSMR changes of human serum albumen intramolecular mobility by addition of 1.5% and 7.5% of glutar dialdehyde (GD) in concentrated protein solution, heat denaturation of a protein or substitution of water by water glycerol solvent with amount of water to glycerol: 1 to 2 were studied. It is shown that the elastic fraction for HSA is changed much less addition of GD or by heat denaturation than by substitution of water solution by water-glycerol. It seems that the observed strong influence of glycerol on intramolecular mobility of HSA is connected mostly with effective dehydration of protein (by substitution of the part of a water solvent by glycerol) and with a small volume decrease of protein (due to preference hydration effect) rather than with the increase of the solvent viscosity. PMID- 3167106 TI - [Kinetics of dissociation of alpha-lactalbumin complexes with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions]. AB - Kinetics of dissociation of the complexes of bovine alpha-lactalbumin with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions induced by mixing of the Ca2+- or Mg2+-loaded protein with the chelator of divalent cations EDTA has been studied by means of intrinsic fluorescence stopped flow method. Within the temperature region from 10 to approximately 37 degrees C the fluorescence kinetics curves for the Ca2+ removal are well fitted by one exponent with the rate constant ranging from 6.10(-3) to 1 s-1. Taking into account rather low rate of the fluorescence changes, one can assume that the limiting stage in this case is the dissociation of the single bound Ca2+ ion from the protein but not a conformational change which occurs after the Ca2+ dissociation. At temperatures above 37 degrees C the kinetics curves are best fitted by two exponents. The second exponent seems to be due to the denaturation of the apo-form of alpha-lactalbumin which takes place at these temperatures. The values of the dissociation rate constants of Mg2+ practically coincide with the values for Ca2+. PMID- 3167107 TI - [Structure of the hydration envelope of the B-form of polydeoxyribonucleotides poly(dA-dC).poly(dG-dT) and poly(dA-dG).poly(dTs-dT) from the data of Monte-Carlo simulation]. AB - The results of a Monte Carlo simulation of the hydration shell of two polynucleotides poly (dA-dC).poly(dG-dT) and poly(dA-dG).poly(dC-dT) are reported. This study is a part of a series of Monte Carlo computations of the hydration of regular polydeoxyribonucleotides with dinucleotide repeat aimed at looking for dependences of hydration shell structure on base sequence. The coordinates of the main local maximal of water density near the polymers and the topology of the most probable one- and two-membered water bridges are published. For most of the sequences a common primary hydration of base edges of successive base pairs is characteristic. The AT-homopolymeric sequence represents an exception with autonomous primary hydration of a base pair in both grooves, which correlates with the sequence-dependent flexibility and the occurrence of bends of DNA. PMID- 3167108 TI - [The effect of calcium and magnesium ions on the interaction of calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin and alpha-lactalbumin with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles]. AB - Interactions of the calcium binding proteins, like parvalbumins pI 4.2 and p15.0 and bovine and human alpha-lactalbumins, with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles have been studied by means of scanning microcalorimetry and intrinsic tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine fluorescence. The interactions are modulated by the Ca2+ and Mg2+ binding to the proteins and induce some changes in the physical properties of both the proteins and the liposomes. The liposomes increase the thermal stability of the Mg2+-loaded and metal-free parvalbumin. Ca2+-loaded alpha-lactalbumin interacts with the liposomes in its native state, while the metal-free protein binds to the liposomes mainly in its thermally denatured state. The interactions of both proteins with the liposomes affect the phase transition from gel to liquid-crystalline state in the liposomes. The results of the microcalorimetric and spectrofluorometric studies are corroborated by the data obtained by means of gel-chromatography on Sepharose 4B. PMID- 3167109 TI - [Photodynamic effect of chlorine e6 on erythrocyte membranes]. AB - Photodestruction of erythrocyte membranes sensitized by water soluble chlorophyll derivative chlorine e6 (Chl e6) was studied. It has been determined that light irradiation of erythrocyte ghosts with wave length lambda-660 nm in the presence of Chl e6 caused in protein and lipid components of the membrane deep destructive changes which were expressed in cross-linking of the membrane polypeptides and accumulating in the membrane products of peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids residues, in phospholipids mainly. It has been shown that these processes were realized only in the presence of molecular oxygen and consequently possess pure photodynamic character. PMID- 3167110 TI - [Effect of elevated hydrostatic pressure on the shape of human erythrocytes]. AB - Influence of high hydrostatic pressure (2600-4300 atm) on the shape of human red blood cells was studied. An irreversible change of the shape was observed, which was similar to that seen in the case of a shift stress. The model modification dynamics of the erythrocyte shape was proposed. Activation energy and activation volume of the defects resulting in shape changes were calculated. PMID- 3167111 TI - [Analysis of nerve fiber deformation during excitation]. AB - A description of the potential--dependent strains of the nerve fiber is considered as a problem of finding the velocity and pressure distributions in two liquid volumes which are divided by a thin cylindric shell. The isotropic shell equations were used as the boundary conditions for this problem. The strain amplitude predicted is near to the observed one, but the strain dynamics in the model discussed does not coincide with the one recorded under the experimental conditions. PMID- 3167112 TI - [Tension response in skinned Ca-activated skeletal muscle fibers of the frog to temperature jump following stepwise changes in the fiber length]. AB - Joulean temperature jump from 4-7 degrees to 20-25 degrees completed in 0.2 ms was applied to suspended in the air chemically skinned Ca-activated (pCa = 5.5-6) skeletal muscle fibres of the frog 2 ms after stepwise length changes (duration 0.3 ms, amplitudes --6. +3 nm per half sarcomere). The temperature jump induced a biphasic rise of tension, as was described earlier. Neither the time constant of the 2nd slow phase, nor maximum tension after the temperature jump were dependent on the length step amplitude. The amplitude and time constant of the 1st phase (1.2-0.28 ms) decreased after the fibre release. It shows that the 1st phase of the tension rise induced by the temperature jump is due to conformation in cross bridges attached to thin filaments. PMID- 3167114 TI - [Algorithms of color differentiation using reactions of logarithmic receptors]. AB - Ways are described for calculating by the reactions of logarithmic photoreceptors the functions invariant to changes of illumination of a monotonously coloured non flat object. Conditions for applications of the proposed algorithms to j chromatic systems of colour vision are discussed. PMID- 3167115 TI - [Relation between the number of closed cross-bridges and the load during muscle contraction]. AB - Analytic expressions for the relationships between the number of attached cross bridges and the load and velocity of muscle contraction are obtained from Deshcherevsky's kinetic theory of muscle contractions. The comparison of these expressions with the experimental relationships known from literature is carried out their good agreement is shown. PMID- 3167113 TI - [Inhibition of the antioxidative activity of plasma by sodium azide]. AB - Powerful antioxidant activity of human plasma was demonstrated by measuring the thiobarbituric acid reaction and Fe+2-induced chemiluminescence. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation was shown both for plasma lipids and for the suspension of egg lipoproteins, which was taken as a model system. The inhibitory effect of plasma peroxidation was removed by azide Na taken in the concentration of 0.5 mg/ml, but caeroplasmin activity in the plasma was completely suppressed at NaN3 concentration equal to 0.1 mg/ml. A low correlation (r = 0.75) between caeruloplasmin activity in the blood plasma and extent of chemiluminescence activation obtained in the presence of NaN3 was found. The presented data led to an assumption that only a part of lipid peroxidation inhibitors in the plasma can be attributed with caeruloplasmin. PMID- 3167116 TI - [Changes in the membrane permeability of erythrocytes in the presence of heparin]. AB - It has been found by the conductometric impulse method that membrane conductivity of human erythrocytes rises about 70 times at heparin concentration in blood samples above 0.2 mg/ml. The presence of edetic acid (EDTA) in blood samples inhibits the rise of membrane conductivity on addition of heparin. PMID- 3167117 TI - [Heat production in mitochondria during oxidation of various substrates]. AB - Measurements of temperature in suspension of rat liver mitochondria were registered by thermovisor. Temperature increase per 1 K was observed under succinate oxidation in state 4 which is considerably higher than that under oxidation of pyruvate and malate. Uncoupling of succinate oxidation produced an additional temperature increase. PMID- 3167118 TI - [Effect of temperature and pH on magnetic properties of human erythrocytes]. AB - Erythrocytes magnetic susceptibility depending on temperature and pH value of buffer were studied by analysing individual erythrocytes moving in a medium in the nonhomogeneous magnetic field near a transversely magnetized thin wire. PMID- 3167119 TI - [Monoamine oxidase inhibition by pyrrole quinoline derivatives]. AB - The effect of 1-(beta-aminoethyl)-3H-pyrrole[2,3-h]quinoline (I), 3-(beta aminoethyl)-1H-pyrrole[2,3-h]quinoline (I'), 8-amino-3H-pyrrole[2,3-h]quinoline (II), 6-amino-3H-pyrrole[2,3-h]quinoline (II') and 8-amino-1H-pyrrole[2,3 h]quinoline (III) on tyramine, serotonin and 2-phenylethylamine deaminase activities of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase from bovine brain were studied. All the compounds tested appeared to be reversibly inhibit MAO without preliminary incubation. Compounds II, II' and III specifically inhibited type A MAO; compound III exhibited the highest selectivity. The inhibition was of a mixed type. The effects of compounds I and I' were competitive and inconsistent with a classical concept on the dual activity of MAO, i. e., deamination of tyramine, a substrate common for MAO type A and MAO type B was inhibited in a greater degree than the deamination of specific substrates of MAO type A (serotonin) or type B (2 phenylethylamine). Possible reasons for the observed phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 3167120 TI - [Interaction of prostaglandins with low-density lipoproteins in human blood]. AB - Interaction of prostaglandins (PG) with human plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL) was studied, using fluorescent spectroscopy and photoreactive labeling. It was demonstrated that PGE1 at low concentrations (less than 10(-9) M) induces specific lipid rearrangements on the surface of LDL globules. It was assumed that these rearrangements are brought about by the interaction of PG with apolipoprotein B to form short-living complexes. A possible mechanism and biological significance of the observed phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 3167121 TI - [Translocation of ribonuclease through the membrane of liposomes of various lipid composition]. AB - It was demonstrated that the incorporation of RNAase into liposomes and the activity of the incorporated enzyme depends on the lipid composition of liposomes. The enzyme transfer across membranes was demonstrated, and the quantitative characteristics of this process were obtained. It was found that the rate of transfer and the amount of the transferred enzyme depend on the lipid composition of membranes. PMID- 3167122 TI - [Increased affinity of liposomes derived from total spleen and liver lipids to spleen cells]. AB - The interaction of liposomes derived from total lipids of mouse spleen and liver with mouse spleen cells was studied. It was shown that the binding of these liposomes is much higher than the binding of liposomes obtained from a model lipid mixture--phosphatidylcholine--phosphatidylethanolamine--cholesterol (2:1:1). Adherent and nonadherent spleen cells were found to have affinity for liposomes derived from total lipids of spleen or liver. Removal of gangliosides and protein contaminants from the liposomes derived from total spleen lipids caused an increased binding of liposomes to spleen cells. Multilamellar liposomes bound more effectively to ultrasonicated vesicles having a homologous lipid composition than the liposomes with a different lipid composition. The increased affinity of liposomes derived from total lipids of spleen or liver for spleen cells may account for the identical fluidity of the lipid bilayer of liposomes and plasma membranes of spleen cells. PMID- 3167124 TI - [Determination of rate constants of antigen-antibody reaction. A theory]. AB - A new method of determination of rate constants for antigen-antibody interactions is proposed. This method is based on a solid phase immunoenzymatic analysis of the dynamics of elution of immobilized antigen-bound antibodies in the presence of a free antigen. The kinetics of this process is described by a system of differential equations, whose solution results in expression defining the dynamics of antibody interaction with immobilized and free antigens. Simple formulas were derived for the calculation of the rate and equilibrium constants for the antibody-antigen reaction on the basis of experimental kinetic curves. The use of theoretical kinetic curves for antibody elution showed that these formulas reflect with a high degree of accuracy the kinetic properties of the reaction under study. PMID- 3167123 TI - [Interaction of amino acyl-tRNA-synthetases from the rabbit liver with RNA and polyanions]. AB - The interaction of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase with RNA and polyanions was studied. The inhibition of the enzymes by polyU, polyI and heparin was demonstrated. It was found that this interaction is of limited specificity and is typical of single-stranded RNAs which possess no orderly secondary structure as well as of other polyanions possessing similar polyelectrolytic properties. Data from kinetic analysis and lysyl-tRNA synthetase modification by pyridoxal phosphate are suggestive of participation of the tRNA binding site in the enzyme interaction with polyanions. PMID- 3167125 TI - [Passive Ca2+ fluxes across the membrane of sarcoplasmatic reticulum of skeletal muscles. The effect of calcium channel blockers]. AB - It was found that the initial rate of passive KC1-stimulated Ca2+ influx into sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles follows the saturation kinetics at Ca2+ concentrations of 8-10 mM. The inhibitory effect of Ca2+ channel blockers (La3+, Mn2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Mg2+) on passive Ca2+ influx into SR vesicles is competitive with respect to Ca2+. These blockers also inhibit the initial fast phase of Ca2+ efflux from Ca2+-loaded SR vesicles. Verapamil (0.1-0.5 mM) added to the incubation mixture has no effect on passive Ca2+ fluxes across the SR vesicle membrane or on Ca2+ binding and ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation. However, preincubation of SR vesicles with verapamil (18 hours, 4 degrees C) or its introduction into the medium for SR vesicle isolation leads to the inhibition of passive Ca2+ fluxes. PMID- 3167126 TI - [Biological function of the carbohydrate component of human sex hormone-binding globulin]. AB - The role of the carbohydrate component of sex steroid-binding globulin (SBP) from human blood in the glycoprotein interaction with the recognition system for SBP estrogen complexes in human decidual endometrium plasma membrane was studied. It was shown that the removal of N-acetylneuraminic acid residues from the oligosaccharide chains of SBP did not affect the steroid-binding or immunochemical properties of the glycoprotein. At the same time, the above modification of the glycoprotein resulted in a loss by SBP of its ability to specifically interact with the membrane recognition system. It is concluded that the oligosaccharide chains of SBP are involved in the formation of determinants needed for recognition of the SBP-estrogen complexes by endometrium cell plasma membranes. PMID- 3167127 TI - [Biosynthesis and processing of heterogeneous nuclear RNA in rat thymocytes]. AB - Using [14C]adenine as a labeled precursor, the biosynthesis and processing of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) in chromatin and nucleoplasm were studied. It was shown that intraperitoneally injected actinomycin D (50-500 micrograms/100 g of body weight) did not inhibit the biosynthesis of hnRNA and rRNA in rat thymocytes. Besides biosynthesis, the polyadenylation of the bulk of primary transcripts was also localized in the chromatin. rRNA precursors constituted only a small part of the newly synthesized hnRNA molecules. During processing, highly polymeric (28S-55S) poly(A+)-hnRNA fractions passed from chromatin to the nucleoplasm, as a result of which a large number of high molecular weight polyadenylated hnRNA molecular were pooled in the nucleoplasm. Thymocyte hnRNA was tightly bound to nuclear structures and its isolation tributed stringent conditions. The bulk of poly(A+)-hnRNA molecules were degraded without formation of stable intermediates. The pattern of poly(A-)-hnRNA maturation in chromatin and nucleoplasm was identical, i.e., in both compartments the decrease in the size and accumulation of processed 16S-20S RNA molecules was observed. About 6% of newly synthesized poly(A+)-hnRNA was converted into polysomal mRNA. Cytoplasmic poly(A+)-RNA consists of two fractions, i.e., metabolically stable high molecular weight (greater than or equal to 40S) RNA molecules and a less stable 10S-20S RNA. PMID- 3167128 TI - [Processing of the results of experiments on molecular DNA-DNA hybridization by using the Elektronika BZ-34 programmable microcomputer]. AB - The programs for microcomputer "Electronika" BZ-34 permitting to compute the molecular DNA-DNA hybridization data with thermal stability duplex analysis have been developed. The proper different programs are offered for analysis of results obtained in different conditions of DNA hybridization. These programs are especially useful for accelerated calculation of large series of experimental data. PMID- 3167129 TI - [Effect of vitamin B12 on carnitine synthesis in the body of rats]. AB - The effect of vitamin B12 on carnitine metabolism in rats has been investigated. The injection of coenzyme B12 into male rats has been shown to result in the increase of carnitine in liver. The dynamics of this process and its dependence on the age of rats have been studied. A possible mechanism of anabolic action of vitamin B12 and carnitine is under discussion. PMID- 3167130 TI - [Characteristics of the potential of the dorsal surface of the spinal cord in a chronic deficit of afferent influences]. AB - The changes of spinal cord dorsal potential (SCDP) has been studied on white rats to the posterior root stimulation at different intervals after sciatic nerve cutting. The increase of threshold, the decrease of amplitude, the growth of duration in some components of SCDP have been revealed on the site of the cutting. These changes were manifested at a less degree on the contralateral cutting site. A conclusion concerning the relative resistance of the spinal cord afferent system to the prolonged absence of peripheral afferent influence has been drawn. PMID- 3167131 TI - [Oxygen affinity of human and rat hemoglobins after heating the blood outside the body]. AB - The affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen increases in some rats and decreases in others after the blood warming at 45 degrees C during 5 min. After 60 min of blood warming the affinity decreases in all animals. Such reaction was not observed in human blood. These changes of hemoglobin are regarded as indirect nonspecific reaction. PMID- 3167132 TI - [Electrophoretic separation of high-molecular protein components of low-density lipoproteins]. AB - Apolipoprotein B (apoB) and 40 different protein standards have been studied at electrophoresis under various conditions of separation. The system was selected that is capable of fractionating well the apoB and its high-molecular weight species formed after the treatment of serum lipoproteins with malondialdehyde. The separation of proteins is based on the usage of complex gels combining in one unit the regions with constant (T = 3 and 10%) or continuously changing (gradient gel with T = 3-6%) concentration of acrylamide. The technique allows to create the optimum conditions for simultaneous separation of both high and low-molecular weight polypeptides. The method was applied to determine the relative molecular mass (Mr) of apoB. When apoB was isolated in strictly controlled environment its Mr has been found to be about 500-540 kilodaltons. The result is in a good accordance with the data on the amino acid sequence of mature apoB. PMID- 3167133 TI - Lung glycogen metabolism in suckling rats: a comparative study. AB - Glycogen metabolism was studied in lungs of suckling rats and the data was compared with that of the adult. From the data it appeared that the control of glycogen metabolism of lung tissue of suckling rats differs from that of adult lung. After a 24-hour fasting period, the lung glycogen content of 1- to 12-week old rats was decreased (p less than 0.05). This was accompanied by an increased (10%) phosphorylase activity (p less than 0.001). In contrast to this, the lung glycogen content of adult lung increased by about 26% (p less than 0.05) while at the same time the hexokinase activity increased by about 39% and the phosphorylase activity decreased by about 65%. Also, the 1- to 2-week-old lung utilized glycogen more readily (9.00 +/- 0.04 mumol/g/h) than adult lung (3.70 +/ 0.15 mumol/g/h). This means that lung tissue of suckling rats is more dependent on glycogen than adult lung which is probably the reason for the difference in control. PMID- 3167134 TI - Respiratory failure caused by intratracheal saline: additive effect of xanthine oxidase. AB - Administration of physiological saline or drugs together with saline into the airways is becoming common clinical practice. However, there are few studies on possible side effects. We have studied the effects of saline, saline plus xanthine oxidase, and saline plus xanthine oxidase plus superoxidase dismutase on lung-thorax compliance and on arterial blood gases in anesthetized, paralyzed guinea pigs, ventilated for 2.5 h. Saline bolus (2-3 ml isotonic saline/kg body weight) into the airways reduced the compliance within 20 min to a mean of 39% of the pretreatment levels, and necessitated as increase in the respirator pressure. Saline plus xanthine oxidase decreased the compliance to 16% of the pretreatment levels. The xanthine oxidase-induced (but not saline-induced) decrease in lung compliance was relieved by superoxide dismutase. According to the present results xanthine oxidase induces a lung injury possible by production of free oxygen radicals. Superoxide dismutase can be valuable in prevention of free oxygen radical-mediated lung damage. Saline alone can be harmful when applied to the airways. This should be considered in clinical trials and in clinical practice. PMID- 3167137 TI - Urocytogram, an index of maturity in premature infants. AB - Cellular material found in urinary sediment stems essentially from exfoliated cells of the vesical triangle whose morphology is under the influence of the sex hormones. The study of cellular modifications forms the basis of a cytological procedure--the urocytogram. The urocytograms of 103 newborns, both premature and full term, made in the intensive care unit of the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Port-Royal Hospital, Paris, showed that marked changes in hormonal impregnation occur as a function of gestational age and permitted the establishment of a maturation index for the epithelium of the vesical triangle. In boys, the percentage of basal cells varied from 17.30 at 28 weeks' gestational age to 31.64 at term; while in girls the variation were less marked: 0.20 at 28 weeks to 1.37 at term. The oestrogen index (OI) was higher in a girl at 28 weeks (OI = 45.20) than in a girl born at term (OI = 13.50). The lower the gestational age the higher the pyknotic index (PI = 52.80 at 28 weeks), and the latter decreased as gestational age rose (PI = 23.12 at term). In boys, the oestrogen and pyknotic indices showed less variation (18.50 at 28 weeks and 15.29 at term). It thus appears that the urocytogram, a totally nontraumatic examination of urine samples obtained by simple miction, has its place among the tests of fetal maturity. PMID- 3167136 TI - Homeothermal adjustment in the immediate postdelivered infant monitored by continuous and simultaneous measurement of core and peripheral body temperatures. AB - To investigate the process of homeothermal acclimation to extrauterine environment, core and peripheral body temperatures in the human neonate were continuously and simultaneously recorded. Twenty-one term-delivered babies were divided into two groups. In group I, 10 babies were kept at 32-34 degrees C for the first 2 h of extrauterine life and at 24-26 degrees C for the succeeding 6 h. In group II, II were kept at 24-26 degrees C for the first 8 h after delivery. Three thermisters were used: one catheter-type placed in the rectum and two involving the zero-heat flow method placed at the sternum and footsole. Because of technical limitations, rectal temperature (Tre) was monitored until temperature in the sternum (Tst) stabilized, after which this transition from Tre to Tst was noted as Tre-st. Changes in resulting temperatures were quantitatively analyzed using Student's t test, for both intra- and intergroup comparisons. Tre st significantly decreased during the first 28 and 42 min for groups I and II, respectively, after which time this temperature rose and stabilized. In group I, the Tre-st reached the homeothermal stage at 2 h 49 min, while 4 h 27 min were required for group II. In group I, the footsole temperature (Tsf) reached a plateau after 2 h 10 min. In group II, Tsf showed a large decrease followed by a slow rise, with no stability achieved during the 8-hour observation period. Intergroup comparisons revealed that the mean Tsf reached conditions not significantly different from those of group I at 6 h 57 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167135 TI - Percutaneous respiration in the new-born infant. Effect of ambient oxygen concentration on pulmonary oxygen uptake. AB - The effect of increasing ambient oxygen concentration on percutaneous oxygen absorption was studied by measuring pulmonary oxygen uptake before and after exposure of the skin to 90% oxygen; assuming the metabolic demands of the infant remain unchanged, the pulmonary oxygen uptake should fall as percutaneous absorption increases. During the first few days of life, in infants between 28 and 30 weeks gestation, there was a significant reduction in the mean pulmonary oxygen uptake of 0.27 ml/kg/min (6.2%) when the trunk and limbs were surrounded by 90% oxygen. The calculated fall in pulmonary uptake if the whole body was surrounded by 90% oxygen would be 8-10%. In contrast, the changes seen in more mature infants (32-39 weeks gestation) and older infants (28-29 weeks gestation and 7-17 days old) were small and not significant. Percutaneous oxygen delivery may usefully contribute to the total oxygen requirements of very preterm infants during the early neonatal period. PMID- 3167138 TI - Neuropsychopharmacology and genetics. PMID- 3167140 TI - Limbic pathology in schizophrenia: the entorhinal region--a morphometric study. AB - The volume of the entorhinal region is significantly reduced in postmortem brains of schizophrenics compared with controls (p less than 0.017). In addition, a significant reduction of neurons (p less than 0.017), but no significant increase in absolute glial cell numbers, is found. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that structural changes in the medial temporal lobe of schizophrenics may be developmental in origin. PMID- 3167139 TI - Source origin of a 50-msec latency auditory evoked field component in young schizophrenic men. AB - We recorded auditory evoked magnetic fields in response to 128 15-msec duration 1 KHz tone pips from both hemispheres of 6 young schizophrenic men. Auditory evoked potentials were recorded conventionally from a vertex lead. The approximately 50 msec latency component was identified in both the magnetic (M50) and electroencephalographic (EEG) (P50) recordings. Isofield topographical contour maps were used to estimate M50 source location and depth. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify the neuroanatomical structure(s) present at the estimated source location. M50 sources appeared to reside in the planum temporale in both left and right hemispheres in all subjects. Normal inter-hemispheric asymmetry (with respect to external bony landmarks) of the M50 source was not found in this patient group. Additionally, left (but not right) hemisphere source anatomy differed in several respects from data previously reported in normals. PMID- 3167141 TI - Audiological evaluation of nonalcoholic, drug-free posttraumatic stress disorder patients. AB - Auditory functions of 32 Israeli soldiers with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were evaluated and compared with those of 32 matched controls without PTSD. The evaluation included peripheral auditory functions, tolerance to noise, and central auditory informational functions. Tolerance of intense auditory stimuli by PTSD patients was similar to that of controls. Significant differences were found between left and right ear central auditory functions in a subgroup of 13 PTSD subjects, but neither in other PTSD patients nor in controls. These findings are discussed in the light of previous research concerning abnormal responses to auditory stimulus in PTSD, hemispheric disconnection, alexithymia, and psychosomatic disorders. PMID- 3167142 TI - Body core temperature and depression during total sleep deprivation in depressives. AB - Endogenously depressed patients were subjected to a total sleep deprivation (TSD) schedule of sleep-TSD-sleep-TSD. They were simultaneously treated with the antidepressant drug clomipramine. Self- and observer-rated depression was measured daily. Continuously measured rectal temperature (RT) data were available for the second TSD. It was found that a higher nocturnal minimum RT during this TSD was associated with a positive clinical response. PMID- 3167143 TI - Acute changes in sleep-related hormone secretion of depressed patients following oral imipramine. AB - Tricyclic antidepressants have acute effects on hormone secretion when given either orally or parenterally in the morning. These drugs also have acute effects on the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) when given immediately before sleep onset. In particular, imipramine significantly delays the REM-nREM cycle and increases the amount of delta wave activity. This study shows that an oral dose of 50 mg imipramine given at bedtime to depressed patients has little effect on the secretion of prolactin and melatonin, but acutely advances the secretion of growth hormone and cortisol. This suggests that sleep and hormone secretion may only be temporally related, as they can be dissociated pharmacologically. PMID- 3167144 TI - The effect of diagnosis and age on the DST: a metaanalytic approach. AB - The authors present new data on the results of the pretreatment Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) in 164 drug-free inpatients, as well as on the effects of age on postdexamethasone cortisol values. Nonsuppression rates were 18% in schizophrenic patients (n = 44), versus 46% in patients with a major depression (n = 56). In addition, a significant correlation was found between age and the 4:00 PM postdexamethasone cortisol value among the depressed patients (r = 0.33). The authors then applied a metaanalysis to summarize 25 other studies that have addressed the schizophrenia/major depression dichotomy as it relates to the DST outcome. Nonsuppression rates were consistently different in schizophrenic patients (19%) when compared to patients with a major depression (51%) or normal controls (7%). These differences were highly significant as measured by the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square statistic. A metaanalysis applied to a series of correlations obtained from 14 other studies reporting an age/postdexamethasone cortisol relationship in affective patients indicated a modest, but significant correlation (r = 0.24) in a total of 1284 patients (p less than 1 x 10(-8)). PMID- 3167145 TI - Cortisol suppression per nanogram per milliliter of plasma dexamethasone in depressive and normal subjects. AB - It has been suggested that dexamethasone pharmacokinetics may affect cortisol suppression during the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST). In depressed patients the cortisol response has been shown to negatively correlate with dexamethasone plasma concentrations, which also influence the sensitivity and specificity of the DST. These findings have been interpreted as weakening the utility of the DST. However, the analysis of pre- and post-1 mg DST cortisol concentrations corrected for plasma dexamethasone concentrations suggest that compared with normals (n = 52), patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) as a group (n = 71) had less suppressibility of cortisol to the same plasma dexamethasone concentrations. Moreover, when the MDD patients were evaluated based on DST status, the suppressors had cortisol/dexamethasone ratios (micrograms/dl of cortisol per ng/ml of plasma dexamethasone) similar to the normal controls, whereas the nonsuppressors had ratios that were significantly higher. These data suggest that DST non-suppression, as well as sensitivity and specificity of the DST in depression, is not only attributable to altered dexamethasone disposition, but indeed, there is a genuine reduced sensitivity of cortisol to dexamethasone that still points to an abnormality of the delayed feedback mechanism of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system in some depressed patients. PMID- 3167146 TI - Morphological evidence for brainstem involvement in infantile autism. AB - Previous neurophysiological and neuroanatomic studies suggest brainstem dysfunction in infantile autism. Therefore, we investigated the brainstem structure of autistic patients by planimetric analysis of midsagittal magnetic resonance imaging scans. We found the entire brainstem and one component--the pons--to be statistically significantly smaller in the autistic group when compared with medical controls. We also noted no correlation between brainstem size and age in the autistic group--a correlation that was found in the control group. These data present morphological evidence of brainstem involvement in the infantile autism syndrome. PMID- 3167147 TI - Nocturnal TSH and prolactin secretion during sleep deprivation and prediction of antidepressant response in patients with major depression. AB - In order to test the hypothesis that changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis during sleep deprivation are related to the antidepressant effects of this procedure, we measured thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin levels in 32 depressed patients at 2:00 AM during a night before, during, and after total sleep deprivation (TSD). TSH levels increased significantly (p less than 0.05) during TSD, and prolactin levels decreased significantly (p less than 0.0001). When we divided the patients into responder and nonresponder groups based on a 30% reduction in the Hamilton Rating Scale, there was no difference between the two groups in their hormone levels on the baseline, TSD, or recovery nights. Changes in prolactin or TSH were not correlated with clinical improvement when the two groups were considered together or in the responder/nonresponder groups separately. Baseline values of both hormones were significantly (p less than 0.01) correlated with their respective levels during TSD and recovery sleep. These findings indicate that the relative levels of nocturnal TSH and prolactin are stable even within acutely depressed individuals and that changes in their levels are not related to the clinical response to sleep deprivation. PMID- 3167148 TI - Theophylline reverses haloperidol-induced catalepsy in the rat. Possible relevance to the pharmacological treatment of psychosis. AB - The effect of theophylline (5, 15, or 30 mg/kg sc) on the catalepsy induced by haloperidol in the rat was studied. Theophylline was shown to induce a dose dependent inhibition of this catalepsy. These data support the hypothesis that the methylxanthines are dopamine agonists and suggest that coffee, tea, and cola drinks should be avoided by patients undergoing neuroleptic treatment. PMID- 3167149 TI - Erratic eye tracking in schizophrenic patients as revealed by high-resolution techniques. AB - Using high-resolution infrared oculography with digital recording and analysis techniques, we tested several types of eye movements in 19 schizophrenic patients and 11 normal controls. Abnormal slow pursuit eye movements, seen in about half of the patients, were characterized by erratic inaccuracies in position, velocity, and phase. Tracking errors were quantitatively assessed by their root mean square (RMS) error. Position RMS errors fell into two clearly separated groups, with 10 of 19 patients clustering about the normal controls and the remaining 9 having much higher errors than normal. Although several of these poor trackers had an excess of saccades or low pursuit gain, these abnormalities were not primarily responsible for the large erratic tracking errors. Saccades in response to unpredictable target jumps had normal latencies (reaction times) and velocities, but were more hypometric and variable in accuracy than those of controls. These saccadic abnormalities did not correlate with the patients' position RMS errors during slow pursuit. PMID- 3167150 TI - Verapamil treatment of premenstrual syndrome. PMID- 3167151 TI - Dexamethasone suppression test status and severity of depression. PMID- 3167152 TI - No effect of haloperidol on cerebrospinal fluid acetylcholinesterase in patients with schizophrenia. PMID- 3167153 TI - Time course of homovanillic acid in brain regions and drug levels in plasma and striatum in haloperidol-treated rats. PMID- 3167154 TI - Urinary free cortisol excretion in depressed alcoholic patients. PMID- 3167155 TI - Blink rate on routine EEGs: possible psychiatric significance. PMID- 3167156 TI - One-carbon cycle metabolism in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PMID- 3167157 TI - Glutamine and suicide. PMID- 3167158 TI - Conflicts of interest. PMID- 3167159 TI - Increased serotonin after a suicide attempt: coincidence or catharsis? PMID- 3167160 TI - EEG in borderline personality disorder. PMID- 3167161 TI - Tryptophan and bladder cancer. PMID- 3167162 TI - [Proceedings of the 22d annual meeting of the German Society of Biomedical Technology jointly with the Austrian and Swiss Society of Biomedical Technology. 7-10 September 1988, Stuttgart. Abstracts]. PMID- 3167163 TI - Characterization of prolactin receptors and their distribution among American and Israeli women with breast cancer: implications for prediction of hormonal dependency and treatment. AB - A micro-method is reported for the determination and characterization of prolactin (PRL) receptors in human breast cancer specimens using either intact biopsy tissue or the pellet fraction remaining from biopsies previously processed for steroid hormone receptors. Labeled human PRL is used as the ligand. The specific PRL-binding of 307 human breast cancer specimens was evaluated by this micro-method. A significant level of specific PRL-binding (3-25 fmol per mg membrane protein) was detected in 41% of US breast cancer patients and 42% of Israeli patients. Scatchard analyses, performed on pooled membrane fractions with the highest specific PRL-binding revealed one class of receptors having a dissociation constant, Kd = 4.1 x 10(-9), and specific binding capacity, Bmax = 1.3 pmol per mg protein. These preparations were exposed to 3 M MgCl2, which dissociates the endogenous-bound PRL from the hormone-receptor complex and allows the characterization of the "total" PRL receptors. Two classes of receptors were then revealed. One class of receptors showed high affinity (Kd1 = 8.1 x 10(-10) M) and low capacity (Bmax1 = 335 fmol per mg protein), while the other possessed lower affinity (Kd2 = 8.2 x 10(-8) M), but a higher capacity (Bmax2 = 34.4 pmol per mg protein). Since PRL facilitates the growth of human breast cancer cell lines, these results indicate that a high proportion of human breast cancers may be PRL dependent. Routine determination of PRL receptors in biopsies of human breast cancer may permit the selection of a better treatment, since it is possible that the reduction in PRL levels could inhibit those tumors which are prolactin dependent. PMID- 3167164 TI - Effect of pentoxifylline on neutrophil behaviour: stimulation of movement without adhesion changes. AB - The movement of rabbit and human polymorphonuclear leucocyte neutrophils, both over a 2-D substratum and through a 3-D deformable matrix, has been analysed by time-lapse filming and visual migration assays, and the effect of the drug pentoxifylline on their movement has been investigated. This drug may affect cell deformability. At low doses of pentoxifylline, the speed of movement of the neutrophil leucocytes is enhanced, both in 3-D matrices and on a 2-D substratum. In addition, adhesion assays were performed on neutrophils from both species; the drug does not affect adhesion, ruling out an enhancement of movement through adhesion modulation. The implications of these findings for the penetration of connective tissues are discussed. PMID- 3167165 TI - Altered element concentrations in tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The involvement of elements in the pathological process of primary hypertension has been established. The tissue distribution of 12 elements was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive homologous rats (WKY). A multi-element analytical technique allowed simultaneous determination of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, strontium, rubidium, manganese, copper, zinc, iron, sulphur and phosphorus in blood, plasma, brain, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, heart and bone. Most elements were modified in SHR, except Ca, Rb and S. In plasma, an increase in Cu (+22%) and a decrease in K (-8%), Mg (-15%) and P ( 11%) were observed. These variations, qualitatively similar to those found in man, suggest that the results in animal tissues could be extrapolated to man. Modifications were observed in all the tissues tested. Among them significant variations were noted in Na (+18%), Mn (+12%) and Cu (+29%) in kidney, and in K (+5%), Mg (+9%), Sr (-29%) and Zn (+14%) in heart. The role of these plasma and tissue variations in hypertension is discussed, as well as the possible involvement of the hypertensive process and/or hormones. PMID- 3167166 TI - Creatine and membrane sialic acid contents of erythrocytes in patients with heart valve prostheses. AB - The red cell damage induced by heart valve prostheses was investigated in 2 groups of patients with different heart valve replacements (mechanical or biological devices) by the determination of the creatine and membrane sialic acid contents in the erythrocytes. Red cell creatine did not increase, whereas sialic acid was lowered in both groups of patients, when compared with healthy controls. These findings were briefly discussed. PMID- 3167167 TI - Subsets of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Croatia. AB - As a contribution to epidemiological studies on distribution of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) subsets in different countries, we investigated blast cell immunophenotype in 54 children with ALL from the western part of Yugoslavia. The subtype incidences were: common, 75.9%; null, 7.4%; T, 11.1%; B, 1.9%; and unclassifiable, 3.7%. This resembles the ALL pattern registered in developed countries. Hence, differences in socioeconomic status between our population and developed European countries do not result in an appreciably altered incidence of childhood leukaemia subtypes. PMID- 3167168 TI - Extra-pulmonary tumors caused by smoking. PMID- 3167169 TI - Smoking, gastric secretion and inhibition by cimetidine. AB - The pharmacologic response to cimetidine was studied in 8 patients with duodenal ulcers in remission whilst smoking and during abstinence. No significant difference was found in overnight intra-gastric acidity, acid or pepsin output. These data do not support the hypothesis that pharmacologic response to H2 receptor antagonists is impaired in smokers. PMID- 3167170 TI - Hematological indices as markers of ischemic heart disease in young smokers. AB - This paper evaluates the hematological indices in young smokers compared to non smokers of similar age, diet, physical exercise, profession and alcohol consumption. PMID- 3167171 TI - [Electrophysiological and neurochemical study of long-term sensitization in the snail]. AB - The long-term sensitization of avoidance reflex was produced in snail Helix pomatia, which led to the remarkable increase in the pneumostome closures period. The formation of long-term sensitization is also accompanied by increase in excitability of command neurons of this reflex. One of the possible mechanisms of this phenomenon is the depolarization of these cells. The quantitative redistribution of water-soluble proteins with relative mobility 0.54 0.42 0.40 was also observed in the identified neurons, both included in the avoidance reflex (command neurons) and non-included (bursting neurons, nerve cells of pool D). The protein with the relative mobility of 0.75 was unique for the nerve cells of neurosecretory pool D in sensitized snails, and was never found in control animals. PMID- 3167172 TI - [Delta sleep-inducing peptide in the blood and hypothalamus of rats with various resistance to emotional stress]. AB - Enzyme immunoassay was used to study delta-sleep peptide content in blood and hypothalamus in rats of Wistar lines under acute emotional stress. It was found that the content of delta-sleep peptide in blood and hypothalamus of stable rats was higher as compared with rats predisposed to emotional stress. After 1.5-hour emotional stress the content of delta-sleep peptide increased in blood and hypothalamus both in stable rats and predisposed ones. After 3-hour stress there was an increase in delta-sleep peptide content in hypothalamus, and contrary to its decrease in blood in both stable and predisposed animals. It is supposed that delta-sleep peptide along with other oligopeptides is one of the factors determining individual animal resistance to emotional stress, which is supported by significant delta-sleep peptide increase in hypothalamus in stable rats. PMID- 3167173 TI - [The effect of delta sleep-inducing peptide on the convulsive activity in corasol kindling]. AB - The influence of intraperitoneal delta-sleep inducing peptide (DSIP) injection (100 micrograms/kg) on the epileptic activity was investigated in the experiments on Wistar rats and (CBA X C57B1/6)F1 mice. The model of chronically developing epileptic activity--the model of pharmacological kindling--was created by daily repeated corasole injections in subconvulsive doses (30 mg/kg). It has been shown that DSIP injection delayed the manifestation of generalized seizures during kindling, led to the suppression of seizure activity and reduced the mortality rate of animals that developed kindled seizures. The antiepileptic effect of DSIP was observed throughout the period of 5 minutes to 24 hours after the injection. Naloxone (2.5 mg/kg) did not change the antiepileptic effect of DSIP. PMID- 3167174 TI - [Antistress effects of vitamin E and dimethylsulfoxide during their combined administration in low doses]. AB - Low doses of vitamin E (5 mg/kg body weight) and dimethyl sulfoxide (50 mg/kg) given simultaneously orally to albino rats prevented the disturbances of the behaviour and vegetative functions induced by chronic emotional painful stress. The adaptive effect of vitamin E or dimethyl sulfoxide given alone was much lower or altogether absent. The antioxidant combination used decreased the intensity of lipid peroxidation in the brain and blood serum as well as cholesterol content in brain lipids and activated brain superoxide dismutase and nonenzymatic superoxide scavenging activity of the serum. The results obtained suggest that the combination of vitamin E with dimethyl sulfoxide may be used for the treatment of pathological conditions accompanied by lipid peroxidation syndrome. PMID- 3167176 TI - [Changes in the microcirculation system during pain syndrome of spinal etiology]. AB - Biomicroscopic studies on rats with the pain syndrome of spinal origin to discover serious disorders in the mesentery microcirculatory system. PMID- 3167177 TI - [Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in the barrier brain structures]. AB - The histochemical method was used to study the aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3.; ALDH) activity in capillaries and glial structures of different regions in the rat central nervous system (CNS). The occurrence of three metabolic barriers for aldehydes on systemic level in the CNS has been shown. They are: the barrier between blood and the nervous tissue (represented by capillary endothelium and surrounding astrocytes ALDH), that between blood and cerebrospinal fluid (ALDH in ependymocytes of vascular plexus), and that between cerebrospinal fluid and nervous tissue (ALDH of ependymocytes covering brain cavities). On the single microregions level a similar barrier is between interstitial fluid and neurons (ALDH of satellite oligodendrocytes). PMID- 3167175 TI - [Lipid peroxidation--the factor promoting cholesterol accumulation in cells in atherogenesis]. AB - The cholesterol transfer between human erythrocytes and main classes of serum lipoproteins (LP) from healthy donors and artery-coronary disease patients was studied (artery-coronary disease is the main manifestation of atherosclerosis). It is shown that low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are capable of transporting cholesterol to erythrocytes, which lack the specific receptors for LDL. The cell cholesterol content in comparison with erythrocytes incubated without LDL was increased by 11.4%. The effect was even higher in case of LDL, isolated from serum of artery-coronary subjects (the cell cholesterol content was increased by 33.8%). High-density lipoproteins (HDL) accept cholesterol from cell membranes. However, cholesterol-accepting properties of HDL from artery-coronary disease patients were suppressed as compared with normal HDL. Both discovered events must promote the cholesterol accumulation in cell membranes in atherosclerosis. As it is shown by the spin probe method, lipid peroxidation (LPO) causes the disturbance of the structural organization of LP and as the consequence of that- the increase of LDL cholesterol-donating ability and the decrease of HDL cholesterol-accepting ability. The greater LDL are oxidized, the more cholesterol they transport to erythrocytes during incubation. The greater is the level of HDL peroxidation, the stronger their cholesterol-accepting function is suppressed. These results suggest that LPO can play an important role in LP modification, the disturbance of their interaction with cell surface and the cholesterol accumulation in cells in atherosclerosis. PMID- 3167178 TI - [determination of the N-terminal sequence and amino acid composition of MM- and BB-isoenzymes of the swine creatine phosphokinase]. AB - Amino-acid composition of porcine M and B creatine phosphokinase subunits and a sequence of 22 N-terminal amino acids have been determined. A comparative analysis with the structure of creatine phosphokinase from other sources made it possible to discover a sequence with 8 to 15 amino-acid residues, which is the most suitable for the preparation of polyclonal antibodies. PMID- 3167179 TI - [Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by antioxidants in the vitreous body during hemorrhage]. AB - The paper was to investigate the character of malonic dialdehyde content shifts in the vitreous body under the effect of potassium fenosane, oxipyridinchlorhydrate (OPChH), superoxidedismutase, sodium diethylditiokarbamat (DDTK), forming complex with copper under the experimental hemorrhage. Decrease in LPO speed shown after potassium fenosane administration was considerable under retrobulbar administration. More pronounced inhibition of LPO reaction under the hemorrhage was noted in combination of antioxidants with superoxidedysmutase. PMID- 3167180 TI - [Dynamics of changes in the functional activity of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes in reversible myocardial ischemia in dogs]. AB - Changes in peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PNL) functional activity in dogs during pre- and post-ischemic periods was investigated using the model of dogs venous circulation reversible disturbances in the chronic experiment and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence method. It was demonstrated that single transitory myocardial ischemia (MI) (5 min.) causes positive increase in PNLs functional activity by the 12th-14th hour of post-ischemic period. Repeated short-term MI (5 min.) was accompanied by the increase in phagocytes activity occurring 6-8 hours following the beginning of post-ischemic period, i.e. two times faster than in the case of primary ischemia. The results obtained allow the conclusion that the accumulative effect of multiple MI and the increase in PNLs functional activity as one of the reasons of cardiomyocytes injury in ischemic region cause pronounced inflammatory and necrotic myocardial changes. PMID- 3167181 TI - [Biochemical properties of intramolecularly cross-linked hemoglobin]. AB - The chemical modification of hemoglobin was conducted with the help of bifunctional crosslinking agent--glutaraldehyde. By SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel-filtration it was shown that the final product contained 70% of modified protein which consisted of non-dissociating hemoglobin dimers and tetramers. It was also shown that the chemical modification didn't produce significant changes in the oxygen-transporting properties of the starting hemoglobin, but had influence on the character of the interaction with the allosteric regulator of reversible oxygenation (pyridoxal-5'-phosphate). The half disappearance period in animals of the intramolecularly crosslinked hemoglobin was two times longer in comparison with the native protein. PMID- 3167182 TI - [Effect of helium-neon laser on the microcirculation in blood vessels of the rat pia mater]. AB - The sensitivity of rat's microvessels of microcirculatory bed of brain's pia matter was studied by helium-neon laser radiation. Changes in the reactivity by the microscopy findings were studied on the 7, 30, 45, 60, 90th days of animals postnatal development. Laser radiation was used during 30 min. Local changes in all components of the microcirculatory bed were fixed. It is mentioned that in adult rat the expressiveness of arteriole's local widening reaction in the radiated place reduces, but the degree of the reduction is below or over the radiated place, on the contrary, increases. The arteriole diameter in 30-day old rats increases to 59% in comparison to the initial level, and 90th day old animals--to 16%. The degree of reaction's expressiveness depends upon the microvessel diameter and the animal's age. PMID- 3167183 TI - [Effect of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine on pain sensitivity and analgesic activity of morphine]. AB - Electron microscopy of rats ultrathin sections from dorsal and central raphe nucleus and spinal cord after 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine intracisternal microinjection (200 micrograms) has revealed neurones and axonal terminals distruction, which associated with tail-flick hypoalgesia and blood pressure nociceptive reactions diminished. In this condition the morphine (2 mg/kg) analgesia and drug depressive effect on pain hemodynamic manifestations increase significantly. PMID- 3167184 TI - [Effect of intrauterine exposure to ethanol on synthesis of various phospholipids in the rat brain during the postnatal period]. AB - Male rats, whose mothers were given ethanol during pregnancy, were injected inorganic P32 into lateral brain ventricles. Some animals during 1 hour before decapitation were subjected to stress. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine were isolated from neocortex and hippocamp. Prenatal alcohol treatment led to 30% inorganic P32 incorporation increase into neocortex phosphatidylcholine. Stress was followed by phosphatidylcholine synthesis level decrease in neocortex by 13% and in hippocamp by 26%. Amplitude of phospholipid synthesis alterations increased after both prenatal alcohol treatment and stress. The results show that prenatal alcohol treatment results in essential disfunction of brain phospholipids synthesis. PMID- 3167185 TI - [Thrombolytic action of urokinase preparation covalently bound to modified thrombin]. AB - Urokinase was covalently bounded with modified thrombin. Thrombin was modified by carbodiimide and 1, 12-dodecamethylenediamine. In this conjugate thrombin is not catalytically active and does not induce platelets aggregation. The catalytic properties of modified urokinase do not essentially differ from native enzyme but its thermostability increases. The modified urokinase thrombolytic effect is at least 10-fold higher than the native one. In femoral arteries of experimental thrombosis the conjugate urokinase-thrombin brings about total thrombolytic effect as early as 1.5 hours after injection (2500 IU per 1 kg of the animals weight). The causes of the observed effect were discussed. PMID- 3167186 TI - [Effect of neutrophilokines on the immune response in mice]. AB - The influence of different peptide fractions obtained from the intact and latex stimulated neutrophils on the immune response was studied. It was demonstrated that neutrophils after stimulation synthesize the factors activating immune response, the intact neutrophils synthesize the suppressor factors of peptide nature. PMID- 3167187 TI - [Variability of sensitivity of lymphocytes from healthy donors to antiproliferative effect of dexamethasone and HLA antigens]. AB - A positive correlation between the level of lymphocyte PHA-stimulation and the degree of stimulation inhibition by dexamethasone has been established. Using regression analysis methods, healthy volunteers were divided into three groups: sensitive, intermediate and resistant. The frequency of HLA-B7, B12 and DR2 antigens was increased in the latter group. PMID- 3167188 TI - [The effect of disorders of the estrous function in female rats on the realization of multigenerational carcinogenic effect of N-nitrosomethylurea]. AB - The F1 female rats exposed to N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU) in dose 20 mg/kg on the 21st day of gestation and postnatal induction of persistent estrus syndrome revealed an increased incidence of tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) as compared to F1 exposed to NMU transplacental action only (25.0-2.5%, respectively). Carcinogenic effect was observed in F2 females as well, and was manifested in the development of malignant tumours of the nervous system and kidney but with a lower frequency than in F1 rats. The same modifying factors- persistent estrus syndrome--did not produce any significant effect on carcinogenesis in F2 animals. PMID- 3167189 TI - [Hormonal regulation of expression of the oncogene v-src in mouse fibroblasts NIH 3T3]. AB - NIH 3T3 cells were transfected by plasmid containing v-src under control of hormone-regulated LTR MMTV (pMLsrc10). This plasmid caused the foci of morphologically transformed cells. The transformed cells induced rapidly growing tumours in nude mice. In the presence of dexamethasone the efficiency of NIH 3T3 cell transformation increased ten times, while tumourigenicity remained unchanged. PMID- 3167190 TI - [Mitotic activity of rat bone marrow cells during injury]. AB - The mitotic regimen analysis in rat bone marrow cells was conducted 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 35 days after shock trauma. A sharp impairment of myelocyte reproductive function was registered against an increase in the mitotic index. It confirms a universal character of normal mitosis impairment in strong stresses, which was earlier established for epithelial tissues. Cell division disturbances in the bone marrow may be considered an pathogenic factor of a number of pathological processes occurring in the blood system in traumatic disease (anemia, immunodepression). A complex of drugs (sodium oxybutyrate, sodium oxiferriscarbon, Laevamizolum) is offered for the correction of proliferative processes in the bone marrow. This complex has no significant influence on mitotic index and causes relative reduction of pathological mitosis level, ensuring its earlier normalization. PMID- 3167192 TI - [Diurnal rhythm of rectal temperature in mice during various lighting conditions]. AB - The study of circadian rhythm of rectal temperature (t degrees) during 4.5 months in mice under conditions of continuous lighting (LL) and natural alteration of day and night (LD), considering astronomic time of sunrise and sunset, revealed the following regularities: In winter and in summer t degrees maximum in LD was marked at the beginning of the dark period of time (twilight period), t degrees minimum was observed at the end of the dark period. In winter, when the dark period lasts 14-15 hours, t degrees falls from maximum to minimum during all the dark period (12-14 hours), and in summer, when the period of darkness lasts 6 hours, t degrees falls only during 2 hours. In spring t degrees minimum shifts to the middle of the light period. Under conditions of LL, circadian rhythm of t degrees "splits" periodically into bimodal with periods of 10-14 hours. Long keeping (during 4.5 months) under conditions of LL results in levelling of t degrees circadian rhythm. The character of t degrees circadian rhythm in laboratory animals (mice) is not inverted to that in human beings. PMID- 3167191 TI - [Ascorbic acid and hydroxyproline levels in the serum and granulation tissue of rats with aseptic and infected wounds]. AB - Hydroxyproline and ascorbic acid were measured in wound tissues and ascorbic acid was determined in the blood sera of 230 mature male Wistar rats with aseptic and infected surface wounds on days 1-10 (daily), 12, and 15. The principal morphologic characteristics of the granulation tissue were assessed by semiquantitative methods. An infected wound is characterized by increased hydroxyproline levels in the granulation tissue and elevated ascorbic acid concentration in the blood serum. The granulation tissue ascorbic acid level augments during the first nine days in case of an aseptic wound and during twelve days in case of an infected wound. Morphologic and biochemical correlations are indicative of a relationship between the ascorbic acid level on the one hand and granulation tissue vascularization and fibroblast proliferation on the other. PMID- 3167193 TI - [Structural reaction of skeletal muscle mitochondria to deep hypothermia in the experiment]. AB - The reaction of locomotor muscle mitochondria was studied in white rats during different periods of deep hypothermia. An acute exposure to cold produced substantial changes of the muscle cellular mitochondrial apparatus, such as matrix swelling, crysts destruction with a significant decrease in mitochondrial profiles on the periphery of muscle fibers. Destructive and degenerative mitochondrial lesions were greater in prolonged hypothermia and subsequent warming. Such structural reaction of locomotor muscle mitochondria could reveal a substantial insufficiency of the muscle cellular energy apparatus during experimental hypothermia. PMID- 3167194 TI - [Morphofunctional characteristics of Clara cells in hypoxia in rats from the data of scanning and transmission electron microscopy]. AB - The experiments on the model of altitude-chamber hypoxia in rats have established that within 15 days the secretory activity of terminal bronchiolar Clara cells increased in the secret accumulation phase and was accompanied by the transformation of the apical surface relief and ultrastructure of synthetic cell apparatus. Chronic hypoxia lasting for up to 60 days leads to compensation adaptation changes of Clara cell ultrastructure, providing the intensification of secretion processes and postsecretion repair of membranes of the apical surface cells. PMID- 3167195 TI - [Pathomorphological criteria of anti-atherosclerotic effect of plant saponins in an experiment]. AB - 6-month hypercholesterol diet made it possible to obtain an adequate model of atherosclerosis in inbred rats. The model was characterized by lipoidosis and fibrous plaques which occupied half of the area of the aorta and coronary arteries, as well as secondary fibrosis of other organs. During atherogenesis changes in endothelial and myocyte cells appear, accumulation of acid glycosaminoglycans takes place, lipoidosis and elastofibrosis progress up to collagenization and hyalinosis of the arterial wall. Fibro-myocyte plaques are transformed into fibro-atheromatous plaques. Upon drug therapy with vegetative saponins and furastonolic glycosides fibrous lesions did not regress, but delipidization and translocation of glycosaminoglycans were observed in 30% of the area of the affected arteries, and elastofibrosis and changes in endothelial and myocyte cells were decreased. Long-term therapy with vegetative drugs produced a regression of the experimental atherosclerosis. PMID- 3167196 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of division of cardiomyocyte nuclei in adult rats]. AB - In adult rats with experimental myocardial infarction and after swimming training load in atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes a number of nuclei changes are revealed, which are characterized by deep strangulation with rounded borders, by fissural invagination of nuclear surface in transversal or longitudinal directions, by the presence of long intersection and micronucleus between the nuclei, by close nuclei location. The transferred pictures may be interpreted as manifestation of direct division of interphase nuclei in the absence of figures of mitotic division. PMID- 3167197 TI - [Ultrastructure of neurohypophysis during autolysis]. AB - Autolysis was studied in neurohypophyseal secretory cells by electron microscopy at 30 min, 1-h, 3-h and 6-h intervals. In the first 30 minutes after decapitation mitochondrial slougness phenomenon was observed. "Mosaic" autolytic changes in the ultrastructure of neurohypophyseal cells were found. Severe destructive processes were clearly observed in neurohypophyseal cells when autolysis was continued for 6 hours. PMID- 3167198 TI - [Morphology of mesotheliocytes from liver capsule in normal conditions and in experimental peritonitis]. AB - Structural changes of mesotheliocytes in all parts of peritoneum were revealed, but damage rate was different. The alterations of diaphragma and small bowel peritoneal mesotheliocytes caused damage to the integument safety and desquamation of mesotheliocytes. The safety of mesothelial integument in hepar capsula has not been damaged. PMID- 3167199 TI - Enzymatic amplification of HTLV-I viral sequences from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and infected tissues. AB - Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) have been associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and a rare T-cell variant of hairy cell leukemia, respectively. Direct detection of viral nucleic acid in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and infected tissues in carrier patients and those with chronic disease has proven refractory due to viral transcriptional dormancy and the small number of infected cells present. The investigators report here the successful application of the DNA amplification procedure, termed PCR, to the detection of these human oncoviruses. Judicious selection of specific oligonucleotides for primers and probes provides type-specific and simultaneous detection of these two retroviruses. The ability to amplify and detect highly conserved regions of these medically relevant viruses may facilitate the identification of, as yet, uncharacterized retroviruses. PMID- 3167201 TI - Bone involvement in young patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: efficacy of chemotherapy without local radiotherapy. AB - Of 95 young non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients entered consecutively on the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Protocol 7704, 26 (27.4%) had involvement of one or more bones. The mean age of these 26 patients was 16.6 years, and the male to female ratio was 3.3:1. Tumor histology included undifferentiated Burkitt's lymphoma in 12, undifferentiated non-Burkitt's lymphoma in two, undifferentiated, unspecified lymphoma in one, diffuse large cell lymphoma in three, and lymphoblastic lymphoma in eight patients. Most had extensive disease; two patients had isolated bone lesions, one had lesions of two bones without involvement of other tissues, and 23 had either multiple bone lesions or single bone lesions with involvement of other tissues. Eight of the 26 patients had bone marrow involvement. Of a subgroup of 12 patients with jaw disease, 11 had undifferentiated lymphoma and one had diffuse large cell lymphoma. Only one had primary a jaw tumor, with two quadrants of the jaw involved. All 26 patients were treated with chemotherapy; only two received radiotherapy initially for bone lesions. Predicted survival of the 26 patients at 5 years is 53.2%. The 12 patients who remain disease free have a mean survival of 62.1 months (range, 22 to 100 months). Our results call into question the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of bone lesions in non Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 3167200 TI - Enhancement of in vitro beta-thalassemic and normal hematopoiesis by a noncytotoxic monoclonal antibody, 9.1C3: evidence for negative regulation of hematopoiesis by monocytes and natural killer cells. AB - The enhancement of in vitro human hematopoiesis by the addition of a noncytotoxic monoclonal antibody, 9.1C3, is described. Enhancement of all aspects of in vitro hematopoiesis was observed on addition of 9.1C3 antibody to cultures of mononuclear cells from normal bone marrow, cord blood, and peripheral blood from beta-thalassemia major patients. In cultures with no exogenous colony-stimulating factor (CSF), the addition of 9.1C3 resulted in a two- to eightfold increase in nonerythroid colony formation. Similarly, for cultures maximally stimulated with CSF, the addition of 9.1C3 antibody resulted in a one- to fourfold increase in colony formation. These effects were abrogated by the removal of either adherent, Leu-M3+ or Leu-7+ cells. Colony-forming cells were shown to be present among the 9.1C3-negative cells when mononuclear cells were sorted by flow cytometry. Media conditioned in the presence of 9.1C3 and mononuclear cells were able to enhance colony formation in vitro for normal nonadherent bone marrow cells beyond that achieved with supramaximal amounts of human placental-conditioned medium and erythropoietin. The data suggest that natural killer cells interact with monocytes to exert a negative regulatory control on in vitro granulopoiesis and erythropoiesis. Consequently, the number of progenitor and multipotential cells in cultures of unfractionated cell populations may be greatly underestimated. PMID- 3167202 TI - Identification of a light density murine megakaryocyte progenitor (LD-CFU-M). AB - Murine bone marrow cells were separated on discontinuous Percoll gradients and assayed for their ability to give rise to megakaryocyte colonies. Ninety-one percent of the megakaryocyte progenitors (CFU-M) sedimented at densities between 1.070 and 1.080 g/mL. Six percent of CFU-M were found at densities between 1.060 and 1.070 g/mL, 2% between 1.050 and 1.060 g/mL, whereas less than 1% had a density either lower than 1.050 g/mL or higher than 1.080 g/mL. The number of doublings and endomitoses achieved by progenitors of density classes higher than 1.050 g/mL were similar. However, colonies derived from CFU-M of densities less than 1.050 g/mL (LD-CFU-M) had a higher probability of polyploidization and a lower probability of cell division in vitro. The inverse correlation found between the number of cells per colony and their DNA content was invariate regardless of the density class of the progenitors. The heterogeneity of the ploidy of cells within colonies increased continuously with increasing cell numbers per colony. The study if a short-period exposure of LD-CFU-M to acute thrombocytopenia could modify the ploidy of their progeny, mice were given rabbit antimouse platelet serum while control animals received normal rabbit serum. Twenty-four hours after injection, marrow was cultured. After a five-day culture period, no change in the number of colonies, doublings, ploidy, and heterogeneity of ploidy were observed between control and thrombocytopenic animals. The data suggests that LD-CFU-M are a distinct category of CFU-M, perhaps more mature than the common CFU-M. PMID- 3167203 TI - Variability of the molecular defects corresponding to the presence of a Philadelphia chromosome in human hematologic malignancies. AB - By analyzing a total of 107 patients affected by chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML; chronic and blast crisis) or lymphoid and myeloid Philadelphia chromosome (Ph') positive acute leukemias, we have investigated the relationship between the molecular defect on the Ph' chromosome and the associated hematologic phenotype. As expected, approximately half of the Ph' positive acute leukemias showed a breakpoint on chromosome 22 falling outside the "breakpoint cluster region" (bcr) known to be involved in CML. Surprisingly, seven of 80 CML cases in chronic phase also showed rearrangements falling outside the bcr region. In two of these cases the breakpoint on chromosome 22 was mapped between 9 and 12 kb upstream to the bcr region. In another case, the breakpoint was located approximately 16 kb downstream to bcr. In the remaining four cases, the precise position of the rearrangement could not be localized with the available bcr probes. DNAs from patients with CML blast crises showed classical bcr rearrangements. No molecular changes were observed during the progression of the disease in six patients whose DNA from both a chronic and acute phase was available. Our results seem to indicate a greater degree of variability of chromosome 22 breakpoints in CML than previously observed, and the lack of additional rearrangements on the Ph' chromosome in CML blast crises with respect to chronic phase. PMID- 3167204 TI - Rheologic predictors of the severity of the painful sickle cell crisis. AB - Deformable sickle erythrocytes have been reported by Mohandas and Evans to be more adherent to vascular endothelium than rigid irreversibly sickled cells (ISC). To define the clinical implications of this finding we have determined genetic, hematological, clinical, and rheological characteristics of sickle erythrocytes obtained from 65 patients with sickle cell anemia and fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) levels less than 15%. The alpha-globin gene number had a significant effect on the hematological parameters, the percentage of dense cells, ISC number, and HB A2 levels. The presence or absence of alpha thalassemia, however, had no effect on the frequency and severity of the sickle cell painful crisis (r = 0.06, P greater than .05). RBC deformability, determined by an ektacytometer, showed great heterogeneity among patients with three or four alpha-globin genes. Linear regression analyses of the data showed significant positive correlation of the frequency and severity of the painful crisis with RBC deformability (r = 0.49, P less than .001), and negative correlations with the percentage of dense cells (r = -0.37, P = .002), and the percentage of ISC (r = 0.46, P less than .001). We propose that the more deformable the sickle RBC are, the greater their adherence to vascular endothelium, and the more they cause vaso occlusive crises, RBC deformability and the percentage of dense cells (or ISC) seem to have a predictive value of the frequency and severity of painful crises in sickle cell anemia. PMID- 3167205 TI - Distribution of phosphorylated metabolites and magnesium in the red cells of a patient with hyperactive pyruvate kinase. AB - The intracellular distribution of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) was studied in the red cells of a patient with a "high-ATP syndrome" by using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. In this patient, red cell ATP was increased 2.5-fold, whereas 2,3-DPG was decreased fourfold due to the presence of a hyperactive pyruvate kinase. In oxygenated red cells, these abnormal concentrations were reflected to the same extent in all complexes in which ATP and 2,3-DPG take part. The diminished amount of 2,3-DPG bound to hemoglobin was almost completely replaced by ATP-hemoglobin complexes. Therefore, free hemoglobin was only slightly increased. In deoxygenated cells, the relative distribution of ATP and 2,3-DPG complexes was significantly disturbed. The main difference was a shift in the ratio of magnesium ATP (MgATP) over the ATP hemoglobin complex; 74% of total ATP was complexed to hemoglobin (45% in normal cells), whereas the concentration of MgATP was only slightly increased with respect to normal. The shortage in 2,3-DPG bound to hemoglobin could partially be replenished by an increase in hemoglobin (Mg) ATP complexes. Therefore, the amount of uncomplexed hemoglobin raised from 15% in normal cells to 38% in the patient's cells. As a result, the oxygen-dissociation curve was only moderately shifted to the left. It is concluded that the regulatory role of 2,3-DPG in oxygen transport is taken over in part by (Mg) ATP in this patient. In both aerobic and anaerobic cells, the increase in magnesium bound to ATP, either free or bound to hemoglobin, exceeds the decrease in 2,3-DPG Mg complex. In spite of this, the amount of intracellular free Mg++ was normal or slightly lowered. This suggests the presence of a compensatory mechanism by which the amount of total cellular magnesium could be increased. PMID- 3167206 TI - The site of the breakpoint within the bcr is a prognostic factor in Philadelphia positive CML patients. AB - The Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome, characteristic of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), arises from a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. The site of the breakpoint on chromosome 22 is within a small region called the breakpoint cluster region (bcr). We have mapped the breakpoint within the bcr in peripheral blood leukocyte DNA from 22 Ph1-positive CML patients. No correlation between the site of the breakpoint and the clinical phase of the disease was found. However, a striking correlation between the site of the breakpoint and the length of time between presentation and onset of acute phase was observed: on average, patients with a 5' break-point had a fourfold longer chronic phase (median, 203 weeks) than those with a 3' breakpoint (median, 52 weeks). PMID- 3167207 TI - Elimination of myeloma cells from bone marrow by using monoclonal antibodies and magnetic immunobeads. AB - The efficacy of immunomagnetic beads to purge human myeloma cells from bone marrow ex vivo was evaluated. The optimal conditions for purging were studied first by using three myeloma cell lines: RPMI-8226, SKO-007, and SKMM-2. Myeloma cells labeled with the vital fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342 were admixed with normal bone marrow cells, and two monoclonal antibodies reactive with the myeloma cells (PCA-1 and BL-3) were added alone or in combination with the cells. Magnetic beads coated with goat antimouse immunoglobulin G were then added, and the tumor cells to which beads were attached were separated from the mixture with a magnet. The efficacy of tumor cell removal was dependent on the bead-to-tumor ratio; a ratio of more than 500 was optimal in the presence of excess normal marrow cells. The combination of monoclonal antibodies PCA-1 and BL-3 increased the tumor cell removal as compared with either antibody alone. Two cycles of treatment were more effective than one cycle was. Under optimal conditions, 2.3 to 4 logs of tumor cells could be removed from the mixture containing 10% myeloma cells without a significant loss of normal hematopoietic progenitors as measured by CFU-GM, CFU-GEM, and BFU-E. When the efficacy of this procedure was tested on fresh bone marrow from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) by using the combination of PCA-1, BL-3, and J-5, 1.6 to 2.5 logs of tumor cells could be removed by one cycle of treatment, even from marrows containing less than 10% myeloma cells. These observations support the use of monoclonal antibody combinations and immunobeads as a reliable and nontoxic method to eliminate contaminating myeloma cells ex vivo in preparation for autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with MM. PMID- 3167208 TI - Nonheme iron in sickle erythrocyte membranes: association with phospholipids and potential role in lipid peroxidation. AB - Previous studies documented the abnormal association of heme and heme proteins with the sickle RBC membrane. We have now examined RBC ghosts and inside-out membranes (IOM) for the presence of nonheme iron as detected by its formation of a colored complex with ferrozine. Sickle ghosts have 33.8 +/- 18.2 nmol nonheme iron/mg membrane protein, and sickle IOM have 4.3 +/- 3.0 nmol/mg. In contrast, normal RBC ghosts and IOM have no detectable nonheme iron. The combination of heme and nonheme iron in sickle IOM averages nine times the amount of membrane associated iron in normal IOM. Kinetics of the ferrozine reaction show that some of this nonheme iron on IOM reacts slowly and is probably in the form of ferritin, but most (72% +/- 18%) reacts rapidly and is in the form of some other biologic chelate. The latter iron compartment is removed by deferoxamine and by treatment of IOM with phospholipase D, which suggests that it represents an abnormal association of iron with polar head groups of aminophospholipids. The biologic feasibility of such a chelate was demonstrated by using an admixture of iron with model liposomes. Even in the presence of tenfold excess adenosine diphosphate, iron partitions readily into phosphatidylserine liposomes; there is no detectable association with phosphatidylcholine liposomes. To examine the bioavailability of membrane iron, we admixed membranes and t-butylhydroperoxide and found that sickle membranes show a tenfold greater peroxidation response than do normal membranes. This is not due simply to a deficiency of vitamin E, and this is profoundly inhibited by deferoxamine. Thus, while thiol oxidation in sickle membranes previously was shown to correlate with heme iron, the present data suggest that lipid peroxidation is related to nonheme iron. In control studies, we did not find this pathologic association of nonferritin, nonheme iron with IOM prepared from sickle trait, high-reticulocyte, postsplenectomy, or iron overloaded individuals. These data provide additional support for the concept that iron decompartmentalization is a characteristic of sickle RBCs. PMID- 3167209 TI - Reinduction therapy in 297 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first bone marrow relapse: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study. AB - Many children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) develop a marrow relapse during or shortly following initial continuation chemotherapy. Achievement of a second complete remission is the initial step in a successful retreatment effort. Reinduction results using two or three drugs have been unsatisfactory, and previous reports of four-drug reinduction programs have included relatively small numbers of patients. Pediatric Oncology Group protocol 8303 was designed for patients with ALL in first marrow relapse during or within 6 months after cessation of chemotherapy. The results of reinduction therapy in 297 study patients are described here. Four-drug reinduction therapy consisted of daily oral prednisone, weekly vincristine and daunorubicin, and asparaginase three times weekly for 4 weeks (PVDA). CNS retreatment consisted of two doses of triple intrathecal chemotherapy. Of the 297 patients receiving reinduction, 245, or 82%, entered second complete remission, six died of infection or progressive disease, and 46 others still had M2 or M3 bone marrow status. Forty of these latter patients received four doses (during a 2-week period) of teniposide and cytarabine, after which 13 (32%) achieved complete remission status. Thus, the overall second complete remission rate with PVDA with or without teniposide/cytarabine was 258 of 297, or 87%. The treatment program was generally well tolerated. Among the numerous factors analyzed by using logistic regression, only female sex (P = .035), the presence of blasts on the blood smear at the time of relapse (P = .0002), and a length of initial complete remission less than 12 months (P = .021) were independent predictors of failure to enter second remission. We conclude that the intensive reinduction program described here is a highly effective first step in the delivery of salvage therapy to patients with ALL in first marrow relapse. The current challenge is to develop improved continuation treatment for these children. PMID- 3167210 TI - Short remission durations in therapy-related leukemia despite cytogenetic complete responses to high-dose cytarabine. AB - Seventeen patients with therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) or therapy-related acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (t-ANLL) were treated with single agent high-dose cytarabine (HDAC; 1 to 3 g/m2 every 12 hours for 12 doses). The initial neoplasm was still present in eight patients when t-MDS/t-ANLL developed. Fifteen of the 16 patients with chromosomal abnormalities in bone marrow cells had loss or rearrangement of chromosomes 5 and/or 7. One patient had a t(15;17), and one had inadequate material for cytogenetic analysis. Twelve patients had normal metaphase cells (3% to 71%). Indications for HDAC therapy were progressive pancytopenia in 13 patients or rising blast count in four. Five patients died of marrow hypoplasia following therapy. Four others had refractory t-ANLL and died within the subsequent 5 months. Only one of ten patients with a poor performance status (PS greater than or equal to 2 using the ECOG scale) achieved a complete remission, but all seven patients with a good performance status (PS less than or equal to 1) had a complete remission. Hematologic remissions were achieved in 8 patients (47%) after one (6 patients) or two (2 patients) induction courses and were confirmed by recovery of a 100% normal marrow karyotype in six of the seven patients who were retested. Patients in remission received one to four consolidation courses with HDAC alternating with cytarabine/doxorubicin, but seven relapsed within 8 months (median remission duration, 5 months). In every case, the original chromosomal abnormality reappeared at relapse. HDAC has a high response rate for good-performance patients with t-MDS/t-ANLL, but complete remissions are short even when confirmed cytogenetically and consolidated intensively. PMID- 3167211 TI - Ricin binding and protein synthesis inhibition in human hematopoietic cell lines. AB - Previous studies showed that human blood cells exhibited varying sensitivities to ricin. To investigate the basis for these differences, ricin binding to human hematopoietic cell lines was assessed and correlated with in vitro ricin sensitivities. Resistant mutants were also isolated and characterized. Ricin binding to CEM cells was rapid, time-dependent, and blocked by unlabeled ricin, but not albumin; ricin binding approached saturation at 3 mumol/L. Scatchard analyses showed multiple classes of binding sites, with maximum and minimum Kd values estimated at 1.5 x 10(-8) mol/L and 2.5 x 10(-7) mol/L. At 4 degrees C, membrane-bound ricin dissociated slowly from the cell surface in the presence of unlabeled ricin, but greater than 95% of the surface-bound ricin was removed with 0.1 mol/L lactose. At 37 degrees C, ricin dissociated from the cell surface with biphasic kinetics. Ricin uptake at 37 degrees C increased linearly for 15 to 30 minutes and plateaued at levels representing 12% to 29% of the amount of ricin bound at 4 degrees C, depending on the cell line. Ricin binding at 4 degrees C varied two- to fivefold among hematopoietic cell lines and was reduced approximately tenfold by incubation with lactose. When compared with parent CEM cells, ricin-resistant CEM variants showed a greater than 95% reduction in ricin binding and showed no detectable binding with lactose added. However, these cells were as sensitive as parent CEM cells to an anti-T-cell ricin immunoconjugate. For all cells examined, there was a close correlation (r = +.9) between ricin bound per cell and in vitro ricin sensitivity. Human hematopoietic cells show widely varying ricin binding, indicating major differences in the carbohydrate content or structure of surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. These variations are probably the major determinant of nonspecific toxicity of ricin immunoconjugates. PMID- 3167212 TI - Development of antithrombin antibodies following surgery in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves. AB - Although antibody inhibitors directed against blood coagulation factors are well known, antibody inhibitors directed against thrombin are rare. We describe three postsurgical patients with prosthetic cardiac valves who developed serum autoantibodies reactive with human and bovine thrombin, as demonstrated by coagulation studies and immunoblotting. Despite marked prolongation of the thrombin time in these patients, the inhibitors were not associated with significant clinical bleeding. The mechanism of antithrombin autoantibody formation following surgery in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves remains to be determined. PMID- 3167213 TI - Effects of a novel antiplatelet agent in mural thrombogenesis on collagen-coated glass. AB - A parallel plate flow chamber and an epifluorescence video microscopy system were used to investigate the inhibitory effect of a novel antiplatelet agent (GT-12), a carbamoylpiperidine congener, on surface platelet aggregation and on the kinetics of thrombus growth induced by collagen-coated glass under controlled flow. Both macroscopic and microscopic measurements revealed that increasing concentrations of the drug correspondingly decreased the reaction rate between platelets at the surface, thereby reducing thrombus rate of growth at the surface. Because of decreased platelet/platelet adhesion, there was some embolization of the larger thrombi near the inlet of the reactive surface. In the presence of GT-12, average thrombus size and number of platelets per thrombus were both strikingly lowered. In addition, the net rate of growth of individual thrombi decreased to zero after short exposure times (about 60 seconds), in sharp contrast to controls. In contrast to chlorpromazine, GT-12 was effective in inhibiting platelet aggregation and thrombus rate of growth at relatively low concentrations (less than 100 mumol/L) in whole blood. The drug's effectiveness relative to controls in impeding platelet/platelet interactions was found to increase with decreasing incubation time and increasing perfusion time. PMID- 3167214 TI - Spectrin-alpha I/61: a new structural variant of alpha-spectrin in a double heterozygous form of hereditary pyropoikilocytosis. AB - Recent biochemical studies have led to the identification of abnormal spectrins in the erythrocytes of patients with hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) and hereditary elliptocytosis (HE). In this report we describe the biochemical characterization of the erythrocytes from a proband with severe HPP who is doubly heterozygous for two mutant spectrins (Sp): Sp alpha I/74 and a new, previously undetected, mutant of alpha-spectrin designated Sp alpha I/61. The proband's erythrocytes are unstable when exposed to 45 degrees C, and her membrane skeletons exhibit instability to shear stress. The content of spectrin in the proband's erythrocyte membranes is decreased to 75% of control values. The amount of spectrin dimers in crude 4 degrees C spectrin extracts is increased (58%) as compared with control values (6% +/- 4%). Limited tryptic digestion reveals a marked decrease in the normal 80,000-dalton alpha I domain, an increase in the 74,000-dalton fragment that is characteristic of Sp alpha I/74, and an increase in a series of new fragments of 61,000, 55,000, 21,000, and 16,000 daltons. Both parents are asymptomatic, but they have increased amounts of spectrin dimers (17% to 25%). Limited tryptic digestion of the father's spectrin demonstrates the presence of a previously identified abnormal spectrin (Sp alpha I/74) that is characterized by a decrease in content of the 80,000-dalton peptide and an increase in concentration of the 74,000-dalton peptide. The mother's spectrin digests show a decrease in the amount of 80,000-dalton peptide and the formation of new peptides of 61,000, 55,000, 21,000, and 16,000 daltons. The data indicate that this severe form of HPP is due to the inheritance of two distinct abnormal spectrins, Sp alpha I/74 and a new spectrin mutant, Sp alpha I/61. PMID- 3167216 TI - Expression of myelomonocytic antigens on chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. PMID- 3167215 TI - The effect of oxalate and malonate on red cell metabolism. PMID- 3167218 TI - 13-cis-retinoic acid v placebo in myelodysplasia. PMID- 3167217 TI - Cardiotoxic effects of the plasticizer metabolite, mono (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP), on human myocardium. PMID- 3167219 TI - The murine erythropoietin gene is localized on chromosome 5. PMID- 3167220 TI - Evaluation of clinical competence in hematology training programs. AB - The American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) has called on directors of hematology training programs to establish systems to evaluate, document, and substantiate those components of overall clinical competence considered essential for certification in the subspecialty. Many of these can be assessed only by repeated direct observations. In particular, proficiency is now required in the preparation of blood smears, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, administration of chemotherapy, management of indwelling vascular access, lumbar puncture with chemotherapy, bleeding time, phlebotomy, and exchange transfusion. The goal of this expanded evaluation program is to ensure that the public and the profession can identify, through certification, physicians with demonstrated excellence in hematology. PMID- 3167221 TI - Influence of uptake1 and uptake2 on the relationship between diffusion and metabolism of noradrenaline in the perfused rabbit ear artery. AB - 3H-metabolite effluxes from each surface of the perfused rabbit ear artery were measured during a 30-min period of application of 3H-(-)-noradrenaline (NA) to the intimal surface, the adventitial surface, and both surfaces simultaneously. The arteries were from reserpine-treated rabbits and were perfused in Ca-free medium containing prazosin to prevent the constrictor activity of NA. During intimal application, 3H-normetanephrine (NMN) was the principal metabolite. Effects of hydrocortisone, and of cocaine, indicated that (a) 3H-NMN was derived largely via uptake2, (b) 3H-3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol (DOPEG) was derived largely via uptake1, and (c) uptake2 limited access of the NA to sites of uptake1. During adventitial application, 3H-DOPEG was the principal metabolite. Effects of cocaine and hydrocortisone indicated that (a) 3H-DOPEG was derived largely via uptake1, (b) 3H-NMN was only partly derived via uptake2, and (c) uptake1 limited access of the NA to sites of uptake2. When 3H-NA entered both surfaces simultaneously, the effluxes of the deaminated catechols were identical to those prevailing during adventitial entry of the amine. In contrast, the effluxes of NMN corresponded more closely to the sum of those prevailing during entry via each surface separately. It is suggested that, in the perfused artery, regional differences in the diffusivity of NA between the adventitia and media are primarily responsible for the marked influence which the surface of entry exerts on exogenous NA metabolism. PMID- 3167222 TI - Role of sympathetic nerves in disposition and metabolism of intraluminal and extraluminal noradrenaline in the rabbit ear artery. AB - Rabbit ear arteries were perfused extraluminally or intraluminally with noradrenaline (NA) 0.18 mumol/l for 30 min. The extraluminal NA taken up was largely accumulated in the artery; 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid (DOPEG) and normetanephrine (NMN) were the principle metabolites. The intraluminal NA taken up was largely O-methylated to NMN, the formation of NMN exceeding that from extraluminal NA by a factor of 2.6; DOPEG was formed in trace amounts only. Sympathectomy eliminated DOPEG formation and abolished the influence of the surface of entry on O-methylation by selectively increasing NMN formation from extraluminal NA without affecting the formation from intraluminal NA. Cocaine (30 mumol/l) was without effect on metabolite formation from extraluminal NA in sympathectomized arteries. The results (a) confirm earlier evidence obtained on reserpinized arteries which indicated that the sympathetic nerves play an important role in the disposition and metabolism of NA only when the amine enters via the adventitial surface, and (b) argue against the possibility that cocaine exerts an extraneuronal action on metabolism of NA in this vessel. PMID- 3167223 TI - Physiological effects of portal ligation on the longitudinal and circular muscles of the dog portal tree. AB - We studied physiological effects of portal vein ligation on the longitudinal and circular muscles of the dog portal tree. Portal venous blood pressure after portal ligation was higher in dogs that died than in those that survived. The portal veins isolated from dogs that died after portal ligation exhibited both lower rate of onset and decreased intensity of spontaneous activity, compared with those from dogs that survived. Responsiveness of longitudinal muscles of each of the four portal segments to noradrenaline, acetylcholine, histamine and KCl was markedly reduced in dogs that died, compared with those that survived, although the responsiveness of circular muscle was nearly equal in both groups of dogs. The longitudinal muscle of the truncal portal vein from dogs that died responded less strongly to electrical transmural stimulation than that from surviving dogs. The nonadrenergic, noncholinergic response was almost abolished in dogs that died rapidly. The degree of spontaneous activity or responsiveness to various stimulations in smooth muscles of the portal tree is considered to reflect muscular development. The degree of development of the longitudinal muscle of the portal tree may determine the survival of dogs after portal ligation. PMID- 3167224 TI - Changes in vascular reactivity in experimental diabetic rats: comparison with hypothyroid rats. AB - The responsiveness to vasoactive agents in the perfused mesenteric vascular bed of streptozocin-induced diabetic rats was examined and compared with that of propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroid rats. Diabetic rats at 4 and 8 weeks after the induction of diabetes showed a significant decrease in isoproterenol-induced vasodilatation. In addition, the contractile responses to norepinephrine and 5 hydroxytryptamine and the vasodilative response to acetylcholine were significantly decreased in 12-week-diabetic rats. The contractile response to nerve stimulation was markedly decreased at 8 and 12 weeks. On the other hand, hypothyroid rats showed a decreased response to isoproterenol, but they did not show any change in the response to nerve stimulation. A decrease in plasma thyroid hormone levels in diabetic rats at any time period was similar in extent to that in hypothyroid rats. The data indicate that the progressive changes in vascular reactivity in diabetic rats may be divided into two stages. In the early stage, the altered reactivity of vasculature is likely to be mediated by hypothyroidism, whereas in the later stage, it is induced by other factors, e.g. hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. Adrenergic neuropathy is not caused by hypothyroidism. PMID- 3167225 TI - Flow-dependent contraction observed in a myograph-mounted resistance artery. PMID- 3167226 TI - Clonal nature of murine hemopoietic blast cell colonies. AB - Murine hemopoietic blast cell colonies obtained from spleen cells of 5 fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated mice give rise to many multilineage colonies including granulocyte - erythrocyte - macrophage - megakaryocyte (GEMM) colonies in secondary cultures. Progenitor cells for blast cell colonies are considered to be more primitive than colony forming units (CFU)-GEMM. To determine whether they are clonal, we examined the phosphoglycerate kinase-1 (PGK-1) isozyme type of colonies originally grown from spleen cells of 5-FU-treated mice which had PGK-1 isozyme mosaicism. PGK assays of whole secondary colonies derived from one blast cell colony showed that they were either of type A or type B but not both. These results suggest that murine hemopoietic blast cell colonies are clonal. PMID- 3167227 TI - Annual congress of the Austrian and German Societies of Hematology and Oncology. Salzburg, October 2-5, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3167230 TI - Tests for detecting recurrent disease in the follow-up of patients with breast cancer. AB - In 141 postmenopausal node-positive patients with primary breast cancer, routine biochemical markers (alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, carcinoembryonic antigen), and chest x-ray, in combination with history and clinical examination, have been performed at 3 monthly intervals for at least 2 years. Sixty one patients relapsed at a median time of 14 months. The recurrence was detected at routine follow-up in 40 (66%) patients. Of these 40 patients, 26 (65%) presented with symptoms, 11 (28%) were asymptomatic but were found to have relapsed on clinical examination, and only 3 (8%) had their relapse diagnosed on the basis of an abnormal chest x-ray. The remaining 21 patients presented early with symptoms. Therefore symptoms and clinical examination accounted for the detection of relapse in 58 of the 61 (95%) patients. Of the patients who had relapsed, 49% (30 of 61) had one or more abnormal markers/chest x-rays prior to relapse, rising to 79% (48 of 61) at the time of relapse. Of 80 patients with no evidence of recurrence, 36% (29) had no marker abnormality recorded, whereas in 64% (51) one or more abnormalities were found. These results suggest that history and examination are the important procedures in follow-up, and that abnormal markers are not always due to metastatic disease and may be misleading. PMID- 3167228 TI - Secreted growth factors from estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer do not support growth of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in the nude mouse model. AB - Estrogen receptor (ER)-negative MDA-231 human breast cancer cells have been shown to secrete high concentrations of several growth factors including transforming growth factor-alpha and insulin-like growth factor I, which could have important autocrine or paracrine growth regulatory functions and, additionally, could explain the rapid autonomous growth of these cells. In contrast, the hormone responsive, ER-positive MCF-7 cells secrete low levels of these factors constitutively. Since estrogen treatment increases secretion of these growth factors in MCF-7 cells, it has been postulated that these growth factors mediate estrogen's growth effects through an autocrine mechanism. To test this hypothesis we reasoned that growth factors supplied by MDA-231 cells should support growth of MCF-7 cells in an estrogen-depleted environment. Inoculation of castrated female athymic nude mice with MDA-231 cells resulted in rapid tumor growth. However, MDA-231 tumors did not support growth of MCF-7 cells inoculated on the opposite flank by an endocrine mechanism; MCF-7 tumors required estrogen supplementation for growth. To determine if MDA-231 cells could support MCF-7 growth by a paracrine mechanism, various mixtures of the two cell lines were coinoculated at the same site in castrated or in estrogen-supplemented mice. ER was not detectable in tumors derived from a mixed inoculum, indicating the absence of MCF-7 cell growth. Furthermore, DNA flow cytometry of these tumors revealed only a single G1 peak representative of MDA-231 cells in estrogen deprived mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167229 TI - Cell cycle synchronization induced by tamoxifen and 17 beta-estradiol on MCF-7 cells using flow cytometry and a monoclonal antibody against bromodeoxyuridine. AB - Cell cycle synchronization of MCF-7 hormone-sensitive human breast cancer cells has been evaluated after sequential treatment with tamoxifen and 17 beta estradiol. The analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Two methods were used, one for single-parameter DNA content analysis, and one for bivariate analysis of DNA content and amount of incorporated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) into DNA using a specific monoclonal antibody. According to the BrdUrd method, tamoxifen was found (over a 30h period) to decrease (with respect to cells grown in control medium) the fraction of cells in S phase from 45% to 20%, to increase cells in G0 + G1 from 47% to 68%, and to induce a slight build-up of cells in G2 + M. Subsequent addition of estradiol resulted in partial synchronous recruitment of the cells from G0 + G1 to progress through the S phase; after 6-8 h delay time, the percentage of cells in G0 + G1 decreased by 50% and cells in S increased by 175%. The bivariate BrdUrd technique offered more reliable and detailed information than the single-parameter DNA analysis for differentiating and measuring the time course of estrogen-recruited cells as they progressed through early and late S phase, and has the potential for a very detailed cell kinetic analysis of both in vitro and in vivo hormone-sensitive cells. PMID- 3167232 TI - Breast cancer family history as a risk factor for early onset breast cancer. AB - Since full breast cancer screening is not generally recommended for young women, it is important to identify individuals who are at higher risk for early onset breast cancer. We investigated the relationship between age of onset of breast cancer in 328 probands (consecutively ascertained patients from our oncology clinic) and breast cancer incidence and age of onset in their female relatives. We found that a family history of early onset breast cancer was associated with higher risk of early onset breast cancer. A family history of early onset breast cancer occurred more frequently among young (less than 40) breast cancer probands than among older (greater than or equal to 40) breast cancer probands (p less than 0.001; OR = 23). This relationship was particularly evident when the analysis was restricted to the hereditary breast cancer probands (p less than 0.001; OR = 44). We also observed a positive family history of breast cancer (any age) more frequently in young breast cancer probands than in older breast cancer probands (p less than 0.001; OR = 2.8). These observations have important pragmatic implications for surveillance. We recommend intense surveillance for breast cancer, initiated earlier, for women with close relatives diagnosed with early onset breast cancer. PMID- 3167231 TI - Association of breast fluid coloration with age, ethnicity, and cigarette smoking. AB - Nipple aspirates of breast fluid (NAF) occur with different colorations (colorless, white, pale yellow, dark yellow, brown, green, and black). Increasing concentrations of cholesterol, cholesterol 5,6-epoxides, estrogens, and fluorescent products of lipid peroxidation have been positively associated with the dark colorations (dark yellow, brown, green, and black). Because of the absence of data on these variations in breast fluid coloration, we made an exploratory study of their possible associations with age, ethnicity, clinical breast status, and breast cancer risk factors. Dark NAF colorations increased with age among white women from 22.5% at 20-29 years to 49.2% at 50-59 years. Among Chinese and Japanese women, the overall proportion of dark breast fluids was significantly lower (highest proportion 23.5%). A positive association of dark NAF coloration was found with current cigarette smoking (odds ratio = 1.64 [1.04-2.59]). A dose response between amount smoked and dark coloration was found in women less than 50 years of age, with women who smoked more than one pack per day having an odds ratio of 2.31 (1.30-4.67). No significant association of dark NAF was found with the major breast cancer risk factors or with actual benign or malignant breast disease. The dark colorations may represent pigmented products of apocrine gland secretion, lipofuscin complexes of peroxidated lipoprotein, breakdown products of hemoglobin, and possibly, diet-related secretory products. PMID- 3167233 TI - Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in refractory breast cancer patients: a phase II study. AB - 24 patients with a median of 3 prior chemotherapy regimens were treated in our department with cisplatin 20 mg/m2 (with pre- and posthydration) and 5 fluorouracil 200 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1-5, every three weeks. 23 patients are evaluable; one had early death. 4 patients (17%) achieved a partial response, 8 had stable disease, and 11 progressed. Toxicity observed was moderate and no renal toxicity was noted. This study therefore shows tolerable toxicity but limited usefulness of adding cisplatin to 5-fluorouracil according to this schedule in these highly pretreated patients. PMID- 3167234 TI - Markers in breast cancer: does CEA add to the detection by CA 15.3? AB - 211 patients with various stages of breast cancer were studied by both the CA 15.3 and CEA markers to assess whether the latter may increase the screening sensitivity of the former. While both markers were equally specific, CA 15.3 was seen to be much more sensitive than CEA (p less than 0.0001). Also, the addition of the CEA did not add appreciably (7%) to positive detection by CA 15.3. There appears to be no advantage to including CEA in a marker panel to follow the course of breast carcinoma. PMID- 3167235 TI - Peptic ulceration. PMID- 3167236 TI - [8th Forum on Cancerology. Paris, 6-7 June 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3167238 TI - An examination of the life stress-injury relationship among noncontact sport participants. AB - This study was designed to determine if life stress is predictive of athletic injury among male and female participants in intercollegiate noncontact sports. The Athletic Life Experiences Survey (ALES) was administered to 86 athletes from the sports of baseball, softball, tennis, and track before the start of the season. After the administration of the ALES, injury frequency and severity were recorded for all practices and contests. The results indicated that total life change (TLC) and negative life change (NLC) were significant (p less than .05) predictors of athletic injury frequency. When partitioned by sex and sport, females and track athletes showed significant (p less than .05) predictive relationships, with TLC the significant predictor for females and object loss (OL) for track athletes. No significant predictive models were found for severity of injury. These results suggest that life stress is predictive of the frequency of injury among noncontact sport participants, particularly for track and female athletes. PMID- 3167237 TI - Positive life events and depressive symptoms in older adults. AB - The goal of this study was to examine whether positive life changes can help restore a sense of psychological well-being among older adults who are already suffering from psychological distress. Data from a longitudinal survey of elderly people confirmed this hypothesis and suggested that events associated with the expansion of family roles tended to reduce depressive symptoms through time. The analyses further revealed that family expansion events affected changes in well being by reducing external locus of control beliefs. PMID- 3167239 TI - Associations between selected life events and cancer. AB - This case control study compares 508 women with cancer with 1,563 controls with respect to four different life events as indicators for an increased cancer risk: (1) death of the father during childhood; (2) death of the mother during childhood, both before the age of 16; (3) divorced, separated, or widowed at any time; (4) at least one traumatic World War II experience. The age-adjusted relative risks were 1.10, 1.71, 1.45, and 1.33, respectively. The only variable not showing a significant association with cancer was "death of father." Inferences from the results are limited by the retrospective study design and by the inability to isolate events that are cancer specific from those specific to illness in general. PMID- 3167240 TI - Elevation of glycosylated hemoglobin in a severe crisis situation--cancer in a close relative. AB - In the present study, 58 relatives of cancer patients (50 women and 8 men, mean age 53) who experienced the grief and tension induced by severe illness in the family were followed. The aim of the study was to examine possible associations between anxiety, depression, and mental exhaustion, on one hand, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlC) level and changes in HbAlC level on the other hand. The relatives were studied approximately once a month during part of the patient's period of illness. On each occasion their psychiatric state was evaluated by means of a standardized observation and interview technique. A blood sample in the nonfasting state was taken for HbAlC assay. The main finding is that a high level of anxiety during the course of a close relative's cancer illness is associated with increasing HbAlC levels (p less than .01). PMID- 3167241 TI - A link between hostility and disease: poor health habits? AB - The Cook and Medley Hostility (Ho) Scale has been found to predict the occurrence of coronary heart disease, as well as total mortality, and to be related to the severity of coronary artery disease. It has been proposed that the relationship between Ho scores and health status is mediated by an unhealthy psychosocial risk profile. The present study investigated the health habits of 202 young adults; it used a shortened version of TestWell, a self-report inventory of health behaviors. Subjects were classified as high or low scorers on the Ho scale and their overall TestWell scores and those of four subscales were compared. High scorers reported poorer health habits overall (p = .003) and on three of the four subscales (Physical Fitness, p = .04; Self-Care, p = .04; Drugs and Driving, p = .0001). These results suggest that the poor health habits of individuals with high hostility scores may be an additional explanation of the link between hostility and subsequent disease to the psychosocial risk profile explanation recently proposed. PMID- 3167242 TI - Effects of gender on type A assessment with the Matthews Youth Test for Health (MYTH). AB - This study investigated the influence of childrens' and teachers' sex on Type A assessment using the Matthews Youth Test for Health (MYTH). Two hundred and ten teachers and student teachers read vignettes describing the behavior of children reacting to challenges in a school environment. Teachers were randomly assigned to one of four vignettes: (1) male Type A child; (2) female Type A child; (3) male Type B child; (4) female Type B child. Higher MYTH scores were assigned to Type A compared with Type B children. However, among Type A children, male teachers assigned significantly lower MYTH scores to girls than to boys; the MYTH ratings made by female teachers for Type A children were equivalent for boys and girls. These results suggest that the sex of the child and the teacher interact significantly to influence aspects of Type A assessment, but that classification overall reflects observed behavior. PMID- 3167243 TI - British drink-driving policy. PMID- 3167244 TI - The 'combined approach'--still an important debate. PMID- 3167246 TI - 'Drug scenes'. A report by the Royal College of Psychiatrists and some comments on the report and its recommendations. PMID- 3167245 TI - The 'combined approach'--a comment on Duncan Raistrick's editorial. PMID- 3167247 TI - Comments on 'drug scenes'. PMID- 3167248 TI - A comparison of brief advice and conjoint therapy in the treatment of alcohol abuse: the results of the Marital Systems Study. PMID- 3167249 TI - Long term outcome for patients with drinking problems: the search for predictors. PMID- 3167250 TI - The outcome of outpatient withdrawal from alcohol. PMID- 3167251 TI - Testosterone in chronic alcoholic men. PMID- 3167252 TI - Delinquency and regular solvent abuse: an unfavourable combination? PMID- 3167254 TI - Reducing the stigma of deafness--hearing aids with enhanced visual appeal. PMID- 3167253 TI - Data Note-15. Alcohol and tobacco tax in the European Community. PMID- 3167255 TI - A method of digital filtering to enhance the peaks of evoked potentials: application to auditory brainstem responses. AB - The aim of this paper is to propose a method of data processing for the analysis of evoked potentials, in particular for auditory brainstem responses. The present method has been developed to simplify and speed up the interpretation of the recordings by means of an enhancement of the response peaks. Even for experienced observers, identification of the response waves and subsequent latency measurements may sometimes constitute a difficult task, due to the presence of residual noise or to interference between the temporal waveforms of adjacent peaks and troughs. The method is implemented with a digital non-causal (zero phase shift) filter, based on the convolution with a finite impulse response, to make the computation time compatible with the use of low-cost microcomputers. The performance is shown to be very good in several examples. PMID- 3167256 TI - An audiovisual test of hearing disability using free-field sentences in noise. AB - An audiovisual test, using BKB sentences in noise, has been developed to assess hearing disability, unaided and aided with a hearing aid(s), in severely hearing impaired individuals. After a single practice list, no significant further increases in performance were detected. The test is reproducible within and between test sessions. PMID- 3167257 TI - Self-reported benefits of hearing aids by the hearing impaired. AB - Benefits of hearing aids were studied in a group of 169 patients using an open ended self-report approach. The overall pattern of benefits was qualitatively similar to the pattern of complaints reported by candidates for hearing aids (Golabek et al., 1988). The response pattern was related to the age and work of the hearing aid users, to the level of the hearing loss in the better ear and to the amount of use of the hearing aid. PMID- 3167258 TI - Shortcomings of a revised feasibility scale for predicting hearing aid use with older adults. AB - Test-retest reliability and criterion validity of an extensively revised version of the feasibility scale for predicting hearing aid use (FSPHAU) was examined. Twenty-two older adults presenting with symmetrical mild to moderate sensory hearing loss completed the revised FSPHAU (pencil and paper) on two occasions prior to hearing aid fitting. The hearing handicap inventory for the elderly was administered during the fitting session and again six months following aid fitting. Test-retest reliability of the revised FSPHAU is not adequate, as revealed by a significant change in the distribution of scores between administrations. From a clinical standpoint, however, true change in an individual's scores was seen in only 4 subjects. In the absence of reliability, discussion of validity becomes moot. The revised FSPHAU cannot supplant trial use of amplification, as client success was not predicted based upon responses offered prior to aid use. PMID- 3167259 TI - Automated system for screening hearing using the auditory brainstem response. AB - Routine screening of hearing using the auditory brainstem response (ABR) in infants, such as neonates in the special care baby unit, requires a system which is quick, user-friendly and gives a simple outcome. A system which consists of a stimulator/amplifier unit for recording the ABR controlled by a standard Master Series BBC Microcomputer is described which fulfils these requirements. The test procedure is highly automated, and a pass or refer decision for the screen on each ear is given by a machine-scoring algorithm which detects the ABR waveform. PMID- 3167260 TI - Detection of ABR thresholds with a statistical synchrony measure. AB - Using the method of Fridman and his colleagues, a statistical test of auditory brainstem responses (ABR) for detecting auditory thresholds is presented. The synchrony measure (SM) which represents the degree of reproducibility for group averages was used to calculate the selected Fourier components of the group averages from phase variance. The sensitivity of the test was demonstrated on 35 normal ABRs with 60 and 45 dB SL stimulus intensity and in the absence of stimulus from the ipsilateral recordings. The SM of all cases of normal ABRs at 60 and 45 dB SL exceeded those in the absence of stimulation. The same procedure was applied to 16 ears with cochlear hearing loss with (4 ears) and without (10 ears) recruitment and 2 ears with relatively normal hearing threshold (less than 30 dB HL). Seven out of 10 ears without recruitment had the SM value at 60 dB SL stimulus intensity significantly lower than those of normal ABRs. PMID- 3167261 TI - Disposable electrodes in auditory brainstem response audiometry. AB - Since the first applications of auditory evoked potentials to neuro-otological diagnosis and objective audiometry, many advances have been made in electrode technology, including the development of disposable electrodes. This paper describes the use of pre-gelled disposable electrodes in auditory brainstem response audiometry (ABR), this test being employed as part of a screening procedure for acoustic neuroma. Factors of patient safety, clinical time and cost are discussed. The use of disposable electrodes is considered a beneficial advance in the ABR test technique. PMID- 3167263 TI - The inescapability of tragedy. PMID- 3167265 TI - Cumulative traumata as contributors to chronicity in schizophrenia. PMID- 3167264 TI - Androgynous masturbatory behavior as a schizoid phenomenon. PMID- 3167262 TI - Busulphan/cyclophosphamide for CML. PMID- 3167266 TI - Cell transplantation. PMID- 3167267 TI - Coma associated with flaccidity produced by fluid-percussion concussion in the cat. I: Is it due to depression of activity within the brainstem reticular formation? AB - This study is the first attempt to characterize neurological and behavioural consequences of fluid-percussion concussive head injury in the cat. Both animals initially anaesthetized by N2O as well as unanaesthetized, chronically prepared animals were subjected to injury. Injury with a fluid-pressure wave of 1.9-2.5 atm (duration 21-24 ms) produced a brief generalized areflexia. Following this initial response, injury greater than 2.1 atm frequently produced a period associated with hypotonia of postural muscles and suppression of postural motor responses (flaccidity). A close association between flaccidity and other indices of coma such as absence of eye-opening responses was noted. These consequences of injury can occur without fatal apnoae, circulatory collapse or overt intraparenchymal haemorrhages. This result suggests that mechanical stress predominantly restricted to the brain stem in fluid percussion may be sufficient, at least in the cat, to produce coma associated with flaccidity which has been previously documented for acceleration concussion. There was no evidence that fluid percussion produced EEG depression similar to the effects of lesions in the mesencephalic reticular activating system (RAS). Thus, depression of general levels of brain activity including those within the RAS seems not be necessary for production of this form of reversible coma. PMID- 3167268 TI - Coma associated with flaccidity produced by fluid-percussion concussion in the cat. II: Contribution of activity in the pontine inhibitory system. AB - In the preceding paper we reported that concussive levels of fluid-percussion head injury can produce transient flaccidity of postural muscles associated with other indices of coma. This reversible coma associated with flaccidity follows an initial period of generalized areflexia and occurs in the absence of EEG slow waves. The present study investigated the physiological mechanisms underlying the flaccidity following concussive head injury be recording dorsal and ventral root potentials of the spinal cord. Studies indicated that, during the initial period of generalized areflexia, afferent input transmission was depressed although the excitability of motoneuronal pools was increased. In contrast, during periods of flaccidity, spinal cord somatomotor functions were depressed while transmission of afferent inputs was recovering. Systematic transection of the brain stem showed that activity within structures lying between collicular and midpontine levels is necessary to produce this latter condition. Cholinergic activation of pontine inhibitory areas within this same region of the rostral pons can produce profound descending inhibitory influences on postural somatomotor function in conjunction with other features of coma including suppression of eye-opening responses. Such effects occur without EEG slow waves. Moreover, other data indicate that local rates of glucose utilization within this pontine inhibitory area increase following concussive head injury. Thus, it is possible that a predominance of activity within the pontine inhibitory area could provide at least one neural basis for the reversible comatose state following concussive head injury characterized by close association between flaccidity and other indices of coma. Possible relationships of these data to clinically observed features of concussion are discussed. PMID- 3167269 TI - Raphe-cell transplantation into the hippocampus of the hydrocephalic rat brain. PMID- 3167271 TI - Relatives as lay-therapists for the severely head-injured. AB - Although the need for an integrated approach to the management of the head injured patient has been recognized, and the concept of incorporating the family in the rehabilitation treatment programme suggested, there is minimal documentation of how the services of family members can be utilized to optimal effect. At a large university teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia, an early intensive rehabilitation programme was pretested on 37 patients during 1984-85. The pretest was to identify the extent to which relatives could contribute input as lay-therapists to such a programme. The findings indicate that relatives can make a major time commitment to providing therapy, but that to avoid harm to both patients and relatives certain safeguards need to be enforced. These experiences and resultant recommendations may have a bearing on the organization of rehabilitation programmes for other categories of patient. PMID- 3167270 TI - Assessment of distractibility in auditory comprehension after traumatic brain injury. AB - In a simulated functional task involving comprehension of a spoken passage, the performance of 20 traumatically brain-injured and 14 non-brain-injured control patients was compared under conditions which included the presence and absence of competing vocal stimuli. The subjects heard 10 target paragraphs which were approximately 1 minute in length. Five of these paragraphs were transmitted without any interference, while the other five were presented with distraction caused by a second voice reading a different paragraph with equal volume and intensity. Based on the answers to subsequent multiple-choice questions, the traumatically brain-injured subjects had significantly more difficulty comprehending the target passages in the presence of the interfering or competing passages compared to control subjects. The results of this study suggest the need for specific rehabilitation programmes to aid brain-injured persons in improving their auditory comprehension in everyday situations where distracting or competing auditory stimuli are present. PMID- 3167272 TI - Microcomputer-based cognitive rehabilitation of visual neglect: three multiple baseline single-case studies. AB - Cognitive remediation programmes were delivered by microcomputer to three patients showing visual neglect using single-case experimental methodology with multiple-baseline across-function designs. The patients included one head injury case and two cases of cerebrovascular accident. Clear differences were produced in target functions. The most likely mechanism for this change was the learning of new verbal regulation strategies, although other, non-verbal, mechanisms may have been involved. PMID- 3167274 TI - Extradural haematoma--earlier detection, better results. PMID- 3167273 TI - Buspirone and agitation in head injury. AB - Recovery from head injury is long process. Agitation is a well-known stage in the recovery. Unfortunately, patients in agitation are often unable to participate in rehabilitation programmes and disrupt the rehabilitation ward activities. Several medications have been used in the treatment of agitation. The following is a report of the patient treated with a new medication, buspirone, in the treatment of agitation. Two other patients responded to buspirone. Their agitation did not recur after the medication was stopped. A causal effect could not clearly be documented except in this case. PMID- 3167275 TI - Extradural haematomas: an analysis of the changing characteristics of patients admitted from 1980 to 1986. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications in 158 cases. AB - From January to June 1986, 158 patients with extradural haematoma were admitted to our neurosurgical unit. They were divided into four groups, reflecting their clinical features: A. 46 cases (GCS less than or equal to 12) in whom a condition of coma/stupor had occurred at the time of injury and persisted to the time of surgical decompression; B. 41 cases showing deterioration of consciousness (GCS less than or equal to 12) after a lucid interval; C. 46 cases of 'asymptomatic' patients (GCS consistently greater than or equal to 13, no neurological deficits, no signs of increased intracranial pressure); D. 25 cases arriving at our unit in a conscious state, but restless and/or with neurological deficits. The location of the haematoma (temporal in only 35%), the incidence of associated lesions such as cerebral lacerations and/or subdural effusion (30.3%), and the age of the patients (28.4 +/- 18.4 years were similar in the four groups. The size of the haematoma and the displacement of the midline structures were significantly greater in comatose/stuporose patients (groups A and B). The overall mortality was 12% (19 patients), with a morbidity of 14% (22 patients). Factors statistically significant in determining mortality and morbidity were: degree of coma as assessed by GCS; displacement of midline structures: age of the patient; size of the haematoma. There was no mortality or morbidity in those patients who remained conscious (groups C and D). A pronounced increase in the number of CT examinations performed in patients with head injury in our area of referral has caused profound changes in the population of patients admitted to our centre, resulting in a greater proportion of extradural haematomas detected in patients who are still conscious, and in whom operative mortality and morbidity are negligible. One further therapeutic implication of the increase in the number of patients with EDH admitted while asymptomatic may be the option of conservative management in those patients who remain in a good clinical condition, with haematomas of less than 1 cm in thickness and no displacement of midline structures. PMID- 3167276 TI - Re-examining the determinants of recovery and rehabilitation of memory defects following traumatic brain injury. PMID- 3167277 TI - Supported employment and compensatory strategies for enhancing vocational outcome following traumatic brain injury. AB - Epidemiological research clearly indicates that traumatic head injury has reached epidemic proportions. Incidence rates for head injury are greater than those for cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injury combined. Many victims suffer from long-term impairments in functional, neurological, medical, neuropsychological and linguistic status. Emotional and behavioural problems are common as well. Additionally, family problems often ensue as a consequence of the victim's dependency and concomitant emotional changes. Investigations of post injury vocational status indicate that unemployment rates within the first 7 years post-injury range as high as 70% for those with moderate and severe injuries. Researchers have demonstrated that the emotional and neuropsychological changes arising from injury are the greatest contributors to reduced employability. Relatively high unemployment rates strongly suggest that traditional approaches to physical and vocational rehabilitation have been entirely inadequate. To complement existing services and enhance employment outcome, two approaches have been developed and refined for use with victims of head injury. Supported employment is a unique approach which assists the client to select, obtain and maintain suitable employment on the basis of his/her interests and abilities. Compensatory strategies have been developed to help the individual offset intellectual problems which would otherwise interfere with learning job skills and maintaining production levels. Often, compensatory strategies are used in the context of a comprehensive supported employment programme. The greater use of supported employment and compensatory strategies is likely to enhance employment outcomes for those with traumatic head injury. Nevertheless, additional research is needed to more clearly identify the types of techniques which work best for each unique set of problems. PMID- 3167279 TI - Minor whiplash head injury with major debilitation. AB - A group of patients suffering major debility after minor whiplash head trauma, seen in one office practice, has been retrospectively studied. Typically, acute neck and upper back aches and headache evolved into a multiple somatic, affective and cognitive dysfunction syndrome. Neuropsychological evaluations noted impairments on tests of cognitive flexibility, non-verbal reasoning, new learning/memory, psychomotor agility, and attention. However, in the subacute period, neurological examination, imaging and clinical electrophysiological studies were unable to localize, structurally or functionally, the source of the above dysfunctions. PMID- 3167278 TI - Reliability of self report among non-oriented head-injured adults. AB - Two groups of head injury clients (oriented and non-oriented) and a group of non disabled participants were compared on response consistency to a MMPI test. Over three testing sessions it was found that the non-oriented head injury group had the most inconsistent responses followed by the oriented head injury group and the control group. Though six of the 21 MMPI profiles from the non-oriented clients were identified as invalid, MMPI validity scales did not effectively detect unreliable responders. Results suggest that caution is needed when using self-report personal assessments with non-oriented head injury clients. PMID- 3167280 TI - Severe behavioural disturbance in families of patients with prolonged coma. AB - This paper describes the psychological dynamics among family members of patients with prolonged coma. We discuss the conflicts these families meet and how they affect their interpersonal relationships. Special focus is placed on overt and covert aggression towards the attending staff, an issue that has not received much attention. The unconscious motives underlying these overt aggressive behaviours are described, with an emphasis on how projective mechanisms come into play. We suggest a partial solution to be implemented in units treating these kinds of patients. PMID- 3167281 TI - Pesticide illness surveillance: the Nicaraguan experience. PMID- 3167282 TI - Description of the clinical picture of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) in adults. PMID- 3167283 TI - The high costs of health care in Brazil. PMID- 3167285 TI - Status of schistosomiasis in the Caribbean. PMID- 3167284 TI - Thyroid autoantibodies in healthy Venezuelans. PMID- 3167286 TI - Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute at 21. PMID- 3167287 TI - Prevention of foodborne diseases. PMID- 3167288 TI - AIDS summit meets in London. PMID- 3167289 TI - HIV--a neurotropic virus. PMID- 3167290 TI - Campylobacter pylori in upper gastrointestinal disease. PMID- 3167291 TI - Interpreting the spinal X-ray: 1. AB - It has been assumed that all patients with injury, deformity or pain in the spine should be X-rayed and the films interpreted in the same way regardless of the condition suspected. This is not an effective approach and in part 1 of this article I will discuss the interpretation of the spinal X-ray of the injured patient. The interpretation of spinal X-rays of the patient who complains of pain or deformity will be covered in part 2, to be published in a subsequent issue of the Journal. PMID- 3167292 TI - The anaesthetist and paediatric cardiac catheterization. AB - Despite recent developments in echocardiography and MR imaging, cardiac catheterization continues to be an important preoperative investigation in children with heart disease. Anaesthetic management varies considerably, but the presence of a skilled, well-informed anaesthetist should be invaluable in the early recognition and treatment of dangerous complications which may occur during the procedure. PMID- 3167293 TI - The epidemiology of abdominal aortic aneurysm. AB - Abdominal aortic aneurysm is common and aneurysm rupture accounts for 1.7% of all deaths in men aged 65-74 years. Most deaths are now preventable. Early diagnosis by routine ultrasound examination of the abdominal aorta in elderly men should permit elective aneurysm replacement before rupture in the majority of patients. PMID- 3167294 TI - Prevention of congenital syphilis. AB - Syphilis, though rare, is a serious disease particularly in pregnancy, as undetected it will have severe adverse effects on the growing fetus. An alarming increase in the incidence of primary and secondary syphilis in some countries must prompt efforts to control congenital syphilis by screening and treatment of targeted high-risk groups of women. PMID- 3167295 TI - Giant cell arteritis presenting as unilateral foot drop. PMID- 3167296 TI - Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia complicating ulcerative colitis. PMID- 3167297 TI - Interferon in CML. PMID- 3167298 TI - Calcium antagonist prevents nephrotoxicity. PMID- 3167299 TI - Do psychopathic offenders respond to treatment? PMID- 3167300 TI - Effects of dry inspired gases in anaesthesia. PMID- 3167301 TI - Mood disturbance after mastectomy. PMID- 3167302 TI - Treatable causes of a painful heel. PMID- 3167303 TI - The need for trauma units. PMID- 3167304 TI - Primary immune deficiency and replacement therapy. PMID- 3167305 TI - Thrombosis prevention. PMID- 3167306 TI - Even minor surgery can go wrong. PMID- 3167307 TI - Litigation and public relations in the NHS. PMID- 3167308 TI - Highlighting epilepsy services. PMID- 3167309 TI - Mycobacteria and AIDS. PMID- 3167310 TI - Tension pneumoperitoneum: a simple solution. PMID- 3167311 TI - Separation of mothers and babies in prison. PMID- 3167312 TI - Pregnancy in women prisoners. PMID- 3167313 TI - The living will. PMID- 3167314 TI - The filmless department. PMID- 3167317 TI - Childhood sexual abuse in adult female psychotherapy referrals. Incidence and implications for treatment. AB - Among 115 women referred to a regional psychotherapy unit, childhood sexual abuse was reported at the referral or assessment stage by 19, and referred to covertly by 5. A significant number of cases must remain undetected. For the purpose of this study, sexual abuse includes any form of sexual activity between a female child and a familiar adult or young person older than her, which was perceived by the subject to be of a sexual nature and distressing to her. The symptoms in adulthood have been described as similar to those of Borderline Personality Disorder. Development, treatment and implications are discussed. PMID- 3167316 TI - Social and parenting factors affecting criminal-offence rates. Findings from the Newcastle Thousand Family Study (1947-1980). AB - A rare opportunity to study deprivation and criminality across generations arose from the follow-up of the families who participated in the Newcastle Thousand Family Survey. The data on these families had been preserved and it was possible, using criminal records, to examine longitudinally whether children who grew up in 'deprived' rather than 'non-deprived' families were more at risk of offending during later childhood and beyond. The results of this study suggest that this is indeed so. PMID- 3167315 TI - Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society. Ireland, 6th-8th July, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3167318 TI - Hysterical manifestations in Africa and Europe. A comparative study. AB - A group of 30 black African patients and a group of 30 occidental patients, all presenting a hysterical structure, were compared with regard to clinical manifestations, provoking psychosocial stressors and histrionic personality traits. Cultural characteristics in several areas are discussed as possible explanations of the differences found. PMID- 3167319 TI - The aetiology of post-traumatic stress disorders following a natural disaster. AB - The onset of post-traumatic stress disorders in a group of firefighters who had an intense exposure to a bushfire disaster was investigated using a longitudinal research design. Contrary to expectation, the intensity of exposure, the perceived threat, and the losses sustained in the disaster, when considered independently, were not predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder. By contrast, introversion, neuroticism, and a past history and family history of psychiatric disorder were premorbid factors significantly associated with the development of chronic post-traumatic stress disorders. PMID- 3167320 TI - Mental disorders among Yugoslav medical students. AB - The mental health of 523 medical students was examined one month after enrollment and two years later. The point prevalence rates of all mental disorders were 16.1% and 17.5% respectively. The incidence rate was 5.3% per year, with neuroses being the most frequent diagnoses (3.5%). PMID- 3167321 TI - Mephentermine dependence with psychosis. A case report. AB - Dependence on mephentermine, a widely used sympathomimetic pressor agent, is so far unreported, although misuse of inhalers is recognised. A case of mephentermine dependence associated with chronic psychosis is reported here. Psychosis initially surfaced with chronic dexamphetamine abuse, but was sustained for 3 years by mephentermine. After a period of remission lasting for 4 years, the patient again developed psychosis on restarting abuse of mephentermine, which lasted for 5 years. PMID- 3167322 TI - Benign hereditary chorea. A case report. AB - A case of benign hereditary chorea is reported, along with a brief review of the condition. It is a rare and little known autosomal dominant disorder which may be confused with Huntington's chorea, which has a more serious prognosis. The case described shows some characteristic features. It is difficult to decide how many of the patient's psychiatric difficulties are a reaction to his disabilities and how many have an organic substrate. PMID- 3167323 TI - Failure to convulse with electroconvulsive therapy. A case report. AB - A case is reported of a severely depressed patient in whom treatment with electroconvulsive therapy was abandoned because of repeated failure to induce a convulsion. Reasons for the failure to convulse and alternative treatment approaches are discussed. PMID- 3167324 TI - Hypomania following complex partial seizures. A report of three cases. AB - Depressive disorders are commonly found among selected groups of patients with epilepsy, but hypomania is seldom seen. Three cases of hypomania seen at a unit specialising in epilepsy are presented. The cases are of interest because of their association with recent seizures, and location in the non-dominant temporal lobe. PMID- 3167325 TI - Pathology, phenomenology, and the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. PMID- 3167326 TI - Heroine abuse in India. PMID- 3167327 TI - No fixed abode. PMID- 3167328 TI - Dexamethasone suppression test in depressed Kuwaiti patients. PMID- 3167329 TI - Incest and anorexia nervosa: what is the link? PMID- 3167330 TI - Diethylpropion and psychosis. PMID- 3167331 TI - Pastoral psychology. PMID- 3167332 TI - Neurotic depression: delineation of symptom profiles and their relation to outcome. AB - Ninety-one subjects diagnosed clinically as having a 'neurotic depression' were interviewed and then re-assessed at 6 weeks and 20 weeks. Four symptom profiles of clinical features were derived: 'negative cognition', 'lack of drive', 'anxiety', and 'arousal', the last being independent of the other three dimensions and of the severity of depression. Symptom profile scores were then examined against antecedent risk variables and outcome. Links between profile scores and personality variables suggest that personality may colour the clinical presentation of neurotic/reactive depressions, and challenge the assumption that a typology of these depressive disorders based on clinical features is achievable. The break-up of an intimate relationship in the preceding 12 months was a strong predictor of a good outcome. Further analyses suggested, firstly, that there was a distinct subgroup delineated by this life event, with features weighted to the 'arousal' symptom profile, including many symptoms often associated with diagnosis of 'endogenous depression'; and, secondly, that this life event and a good outcome were directly linked, being uninfluenced by personality or other mediating variables. PMID- 3167333 TI - Psychometric correlates of episodic violent behaviour. A multidimensional neuropsychological approach. AB - Three groups of neuropsychiatric out-patients, homogeneous according to parameters of violent behaviour, were identified in a previous study using a cluster analysis procedure and compared in this study on psychometric variables. These groups were (a) a group manifesting frequent, impulsive violence (n = 35), (b) a non-violent group (n = 57), and (c) a group whose violent behaviour was much less frequent and severe than in the first group, and more provoked (n = 31). Impulsively violent patients showed language and visual-perceptual deficits, but no other neuropsychological or intellectual deficits. The MMPI F, K and Ma and MacAndrews Alcoholism scales and a perceptual organisation factor derived from the Holtzman Inkblot Test significantly discriminated groups. Results of this and the initial study have implications regarding psychological aspects of aggression and underlying biological mechanisms. PMID- 3167334 TI - Patterns of care in a district general hospital psychiatric department. AB - A survey of all admissions of patients under the age of 65 during the first 6 years of a District General Psychiatric Department without mental-hospital support is reported. Three high-uptake groups of in-patients were defined; the long-stay (12 months or more), the medium-stay (6-12 months), and the revolving door group (more than three admissions in any period of 12 months). Identifying characteristics which distinguish between these groups were examined. During a 7 year period there was no accumulation of long-stay patients, and a striking lack of schizophrenic patients who remained in hospital for more than 6 months or who had more than three admissions in any twelve-month period. This was not accounted for by drift of the high-uptake groups out of contact with the service, but may be related both to the style of service provision and to the socially cohesive nature of the area under study. Local variation should be given due importance when community services are being developed. PMID- 3167335 TI - Some influences on regional variation in frequency of prescription of electroconvulsive therapy. AB - A Republic of Ireland national survey of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) showed wide inter-hospital variation in ECT rates. Psychiatric admission rates, professional attitudes, and patient turnover were found to predict these rates. No significant association was found between ECT rates and public/private care or other socio-economic factors. A limited examination of British admission data revealed a similar set of correlations, suggesting that the findings may apply in non-profit health-care systems outside the Republic of Ireland. PMID- 3167336 TI - Factors influencing non-attendance at child psychiatry out-patient appointments. AB - The clinic attendance of 100 consecutive referrals to child psychiatry is described. Only 47 cases ended in agreed discharge. Different factors were found to be associated with attrition at different stages in the treatment-uptake process. Of referrals offered an appointment, 16% failed to attend at all; this was significantly associated with parents being against referral. Of cases offered a subsequent appointment, 40% dropped out. Continued attendance was associated with a presenting problem of general anxiety and with consultation to the referrer. Dropping out was associated with parents who were separated. PMID- 3167337 TI - Assessment of cognitive decline in the elderly by informant interview. AB - Cognitive decline in a sample of 64 elderly people was assessed by a standardised informant interview dealing with changes in memory and intelligence which had taken place in the previous 10 years. Scores from the interview were found to correlate (r = 0.74) with the Mini-Mental State Examination. Moreover, the informant interview was found to be less affected by pre-morbid ability than the MMSE. Direct assessment of decline by informants may be a solution to the problem of contamination by pre-morbid ability which affects traditional cognitive screening instruments. PMID- 3167338 TI - Which neurotic patients do psychiatrists treat? AB - Of 336 newly referred neurotic patients, 80 were not offered continuing psychiatric treatment. The factors associated with patients' not being offered continuing treatment were: short duration of illness; history of alcohol abuse and/or deliberate self-harm; age over 50 years; being widowed; and living more than 20 miles from the main hospital complex. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3167339 TI - Therapeutic factors within in-patient and out-patient psychotherapy groups. Implications for therapeutic techniques. AB - Therapeutic factors operative in in-patient and out-patient therapy groups were compared. These settings differ greatly, both in terms of the patient population they serve and the overall systems within which they operate. The study revealed significant differences between the therapeutic factors operative in these two settings, and suggested that clinicians should modify their techniques for running psychotherapy groups across settings, to take account of these findings. PMID- 3167340 TI - Behavioural treatment of illness phobia and hypochondriasis. A pilot study of 17 cases. AB - Illness phobia and hypochondriasis can be associated with severe disability and requests for reassurance. Exposure to illness cues and prevention of reassurance produced rapid improvement in both health anxiety and in social functioning. Our uncontrolled results warrant a controlled prospective trial with follow-up. PMID- 3167341 TI - Depression and perceptions of early parenting: a longitudinal investigation. AB - It has been suggested that the quality of early parenting received by depressed adults is more negative than that received by non-depressed people. Since perceptions of parenting are usually examined only when subjects are depressed, depressed subjects' negative reports may be distortions due to their depression, rather than accurate recollections. In the present study, both depressed and remitted women reported experiencing greater parental overprotection than did non depressed women, but only depressed subjects also reported less parental caring. The results are discussed with respect to the early experiences of depressed individuals, the distinction between parental caring and overprotection, and the importance of interpersonal factors associated with depression. PMID- 3167342 TI - Polydipsia in chronic psychiatric patients. Body weight and plasma sodium. AB - Eight chronic psychiatric in-patients with polydipsia, and polyuria, up to 22 litres per 24 hours, were studied by frequent timed body weight and urine volume measurements, and episodic plasma electrolyte estimations. During the day they all showed irregular water retention, with hyponatremia in proportion to the weight gain. During the night they always lost water and weight, returning to their individual lowest weights and to normal plasma sodium. Measurement of weight in chronic psychiatric patients can be used to identify patients with significant polydipsia, to monitor those with the disorder and permit targeted fluid restriction, and to assess the efficacy of treatment procedures such as medication. PMID- 3167343 TI - Post-ictal psychoses. A clinical and phenomenological description. AB - Post-ictal psychoses have so far received little attention. The clinical details of 14 cases, diagnosed according to newly formulated criteria, were examined. Psychoses were usually precipitated by a run of seizures and occurred after a lucid interval. The seizures were partial complex with secondary generalisation in 11 cases. Catego analysis of the Present State Examination confirmed pleomorphic phenomenology. Follow-up details were available in all cases, for up to eight years. Psychoses tended to recur. Similarities with chronic epileptic psychosis are discussed, and a possible organic aetiology for post-ictal psychosis is proposed. PMID- 3167345 TI - Supportive psychotherapy: a contradiction in terms? PMID- 3167344 TI - A comparison of melatonin secretion in depressed patients and normal subjects. AB - Depressed patients were carefully matched in pairs with normal subjects for the variables which are known to influence the secretion of melatonin in humans. In contrast to the previous literature, nocturnal melatonin secretion was not lower in the depressed group than in the normal group, and there was no difference in the timing of secretion; indeed, the trend was for greater melatonin secretion in the depressed group. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies, none of which has been so carefully controlled for the relevant variables. PMID- 3167346 TI - Anorexia nervosa and Turner's syndrome. AB - A case is described of a patient with Turner's mosaic (XO/XX) associated with anorexia nervosa. The cases described in the literature point towards the multifactorial aetiology of anorexia nervosa, emphasising factors other than the suppression of sexuality. PMID- 3167347 TI - Psychotherapy and dysmorphophobia: a case report. AB - The treatment of patients with dysmorphophobia remains a confused matter, probably because of clinical heterogeneity. Our experience with the case reported in this paper suggests that psychodynamic psychotherapy is indicated for certain carefully selected patients. PMID- 3167348 TI - Another calendar savant. AB - A 38-year-old patient, who can give the day of the week of any day this century, is described. He is believed to have been autistic in early childhood. The relationship of the autistic child and the adolescent idiot savant is discussed and brief reference made to the patient's method. PMID- 3167349 TI - Long-term phenothiazine administration and the eye in 100 Malaysians. AB - Seventy-three out of a hundred Malaysians on phenothiazines for more than 24 months had ocular pigmentation. Seventy-one had conjunctiva pigmentation. No pigmentary retinopathy or visual impairment was detected. Frequency of pigmentation increased with age and with higher total dosage prescribed, but there was no critical level below which pigmentation was not detected. PMID- 3167350 TI - The Newcastle Chronic Depression Study. Patient characteristics and factors associated with chronicity. AB - Chronic depression is defined as "symptomatic non-recovery for a period of 2 or more years". Chronic primary major depressives (n = 24) were compared retrospectively with a control group of primary major depressives (n = 20) who had recovered from their illness episode within 2 years. The former had a significantly higher familial loading for affective disorder and showed an increased incidence of independent undesirable life events during the 6 months prior to and 2 years after the onset of their illness. Female chronic depressives also had a significantly greater number of previous illness episodes and a more frequent history of thyroid dysfunction. Personality as measured on the EPO, psychiatric problems arising as secondary complications of the depressive illness, and developmental object loss did not differentiate chronic from non chronic depressives. PMID- 3167351 TI - Mitral valve prolapse and social phobia. AB - Of 30 Saudi patients with social phobia, eight had echocardiogram evidence of mitral valve prolapse. Only two out of 30 controls had echocardiogram evidence of mitral valve prolapse. The clinical and research implications of this finding are discussed. PMID- 3167352 TI - ECT in the treatment of mixed depression and dementia. AB - Recent work has demonstrated the coexistence of depressive illness in some patients with dementing disorders. Two cases of mixed depression and dementia showed behavioural and mood improvement after treatment with ECT, but without improvement in cognition. The role of ECT in the treatment of affective symptoms in dementia is discussed. PMID- 3167354 TI - P3 and CT scan in patients with chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 3167356 TI - Constant current vs constant voltage ECT devices. PMID- 3167355 TI - Alcohol and ageing. PMID- 3167353 TI - An outcome study of Gamblers Anonymous. AB - Retrospective and prospective studies of a total sample of 232 attenders at groups of Gamblers Anonymous suggest that total abstinence from gambling was maintained by 8% of all comers at one year from first attendance and by 7% at two years. PMID- 3167357 TI - Clonidine and neuroleptic-resistant mania. PMID- 3167358 TI - Urinary tribulin output in patients with panic attacks. PMID- 3167360 TI - Mystical-ecstatic and trance states. PMID- 3167359 TI - HLA-DR2 and sleep onset REM periods in endogenous depression. PMID- 3167361 TI - Unilateral auditory hallucinations. PMID- 3167362 TI - Addiction and after. PMID- 3167363 TI - Schizophrenic thought disorder. A psychological and organic interpretation. AB - It is suggested that schizophrenic thought disorder comprises four relatively independent components: delusion; intrinsic thinking disturbance; formal thought disorder; and deficient real-world knowledge--a new concept. Schizophrenic and neurotic control subjects were given tests of thinking, perception, appreciation of conversational discourse, and social and practical knowledge. Not all deluded schizophrenics had intrinsic thinking disturbance. Those that did tended to have overinclusive categorisation as the most apparent deficit. Formal thought disorder was associated with a poor performance on the test of conversational discourse. The most striking result was that 75% of schizophrenic patients were markedly deficient, relative to neurotic patients, on their knowledge of everyday social issues. PMID- 3167364 TI - The significance of depression in the prediction of relapse in chronic schizophrenia. AB - The prospective monitoring of two separate groups of chronically schizophrenic patients on regular depot maintenance therapy suggests that depression developing after an interval of 1 year from recovery from an acute relapse indicates a significant increase in the risk of a further relapse within 2 years, compared with depression within the first year, or no depression. Patients with such depression were more prone to relapses than other patients, despite regular medication within normal dose ranges. The results suggest that the aetiology of depression occurring in patients after 1 year in a stable mental state is different from that of depression within the first year, and in many patients, the former represents underlying schizophrenic activity prior to an early relapse. PMID- 3167365 TI - Partly dominant transmission of schizophrenia in Iceland. AB - Voluminous data on the familial distribution of schizophrenia in Iceland were evaluated in terms of a partly dominant genetic mechanism. The risks were found in most instances to be proportional to the probability of harbouring the proposed gene, but penetrance rates, which generally are around 25%, appear to be elevated when additional risk factors are present. This occurs in individuals with multiple ill relatives, in offspring of two schizophrenic people, or in monozygotic co-twins. Excessive risks also occur in families with unusually severe disease. PMID- 3167366 TI - Psychological reactions of women who have been raped. A descriptive and comparative study. AB - Twelve women, reporting rape to the police, were interviewed on three occasions over a 4-month period. Their psychological and behavioural experiences, during that time, were compared with those of 12 controls: women who were attending a Family Planning Clinic and without a history of such trauma, and small numbers of victims of non-sexual assault. All victims showed, initially, high levels of distress or some psychopathology but only the rape victims were reliable in attending follow-up appointments. In all but one case the acute, intense symptoms of distress resolved, but other substantial changes in lifestyle had taken place. The particular difficulties in counselling and research in this area were highlighted by this pilot work. Would-be counsellors should be cautious about taking on this kind of work unless considerable practical and emotional support is available to them. PMID- 3167367 TI - Growth hormone response to clonidine after recovery in patients with endogenous depression. AB - The growth hormone response to clonidine was measured in ten drug-free recovered patients, seven of whom had previously been tested when endogenously depressed, and compared with the response in ten individually matched controls. In eight of the patients there was an impairment of the growth hormone response, despite clinical recovery, although the hypotensive effect of clonidine in these patients was normal. This is suggestive of a persisting abnormal alpha2-adrenoceptor function in forebrain regions after recovery from an episode of endogenous depression, and may represent a trait marker for this condition. PMID- 3167368 TI - Elderly offenders. A study of age-related factors among custodially remanded prisoners. AB - Among custodially remanded male prisoners from Greater London and its surrounds, in 1979-1980, nearly 3% (63 men) were aged 55 or over, about one third of these being over 65. More than 40% were detained on theft charges and few for more serious offences, although serious violence was not unknown and nearly one-fifth of those 65 or over were subsequently convicted of non-violent sexual assaults. Like their younger counterparts, less than one-fifth of those aged 55 or over appeared to be first-time offenders. About half of the men of 55 or over had active symptoms of psychiatric disorder on entering the prison and about half had some form of physical disorder, twice the rates for those under 55. Psychosis and alcoholism were the major psychiatric problems; 27% were alcoholics, to the extent of showing withdrawal symptoms on or soon after entering prison. Schizophrenia was less common than the younger age groups, but affective psychosis more so; 37% of the older men had a major functional psychosis. Two thirds of the 55-64 age group and over three-quarters of the over 65s were without an address; most of both groups were personally isolated. PMID- 3167369 TI - Increased mortality rates in late-life depression. AB - Physical illness at referral and subsequent mortality were studied in a group of elderly patients with depression, and compared with age/sex-matched controls. The depressed group was significantly less well at first interview, and had a significantly higher 4-year mortality. When the effect of physical illness was controlled, the depressed patients (particularly the men) still had a significantly higher 4-year mortality, suggesting that the greater mortality in the depressed group was not due to differences in physical health alone. PMID- 3167370 TI - Resistant bipolar affective disorder treated by stereotactic subcaudate tractotomy. AB - The results of stereotactic subcaudate tractotomy in nine patients with resistant bipolar affective disorder are presented in the form of a single case study with a summary of the other eight cases. Follow-up studies at 2-4 years showed substantial improvement in five patients and amelioration of symptoms in a further four patients, with a tendency for a greater improvement in the manic than in the depressive episodes. These preliminary results suggest that there is a place for this operation in the management of severe bipolar affective disorders which are not responding to any other treatment, although decisive recovery occurs less often than with unipolar depression. PMID- 3167371 TI - Suicide, and other causes of death, following attempted suicide. AB - The number of deaths in a large series of suicide attempters followed up after their attempts was 3.3 times greater than expected. Suicide or probable suicide occurred in 2.8% by the end of the eighth year of follow-up, the rate of suicidal deaths being 26.9 times the expected rate. The highest risk of suicide was during the first 3 years, especially in the first 6 months, following an attempt. Factors identified at the time of the attempts which were associated with suicide risk included: being male, advancing age (females only), psychiatric disorder (especially schizophrenia), long-term use of hypnotics, poor physical health, and repeat attempts. Recent disruption of a relationship with a partner and major rows rarely preceded the attempts of those who later killed themselves. Factors predicting long-term risk of suicide also predicted short-term risk. There were more than double the expected number of deaths from natural causes, the excess being greatest in females. Markedly high death rates were found for endocrine, circulatory and respiratory diseases, and accidents. PMID- 3167372 TI - Clinical assessment of anorexia nervosa. The Morgan-Russell outcome assessment schedule. AB - The Morgan-Russell outcome assessment schedule is described and statistically analysed with reference to two independent series of patients suffering from anorexia nervosa. The value of check lists and simple scaling of data is emphasised as one way of improving the standards of routine case-note documentation in clinical psychiatric practice. PMID- 3167373 TI - Asperger's syndrome and autism: the case for a connection. AB - There is considerable disagreement on the classification of Asperger's syndrome and its relationship to autism. Unlike autism, Asperger's is not usually recognised before 30 months of age, and speech delay is not typical. However, if a child exhibits all the symptoms of autism apart from these two features, are these sufficient grounds for withholding a diagnosis of autism? This paper describes four boys and their father who, by presenting at various points on the autistic/Asperger spectrum, embody this dilemma for the diagnostician. The implications for research and clinical practice are discussed. PMID- 3167374 TI - The psychopathology of the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. A phenomenological analysis. AB - Ninety patients with the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome were studied. A high incidence of depression, hostility, and obsessionality was found. Depression was not related to administered medication, while aggression, hostility, and obsessionality were significantly associated with some important features of the syndrome, namely copro- and echo-phenomena and a family history of tics or the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Links between psychopathology and neurological and electroencephalographic abnormalities were minimal. PMID- 3167375 TI - Delusional and non-delusional depression in late life. Evidence for distinct subtypes. AB - The study tests the hypothesis that delusional and non-delusional depressive illnesses are distinct entities in late life. Two groups of 24 patients with late onset depression, one with and one without delusions, were compared retrospectively. At the index admission, deluded patients were significantly more depressed, were in hospital for longer, responded poorly to antidepressants alone and required more physical treatments, especially ECT and major tranquillisers. Although illness severity was a major factor accounting for these differences, the finding that only the deluded group experienced delusional relapses suggests an underlying intrinsic susceptibility. The discharge status was similar for both groups, as were relapse rates over 48 months and the clinical course of depressive symptoms over 42-104 months. The findings are consistent with studies of younger patients which point to a distinction between these two types of depression, but not with recent work suggesting a very poor prognosis for delusional depression in late life. PMID- 3167376 TI - Twin birth and adult psychiatric disorder. An examination of the case records of the Maudsley Hospital. AB - We compared the general distribution of diagnoses in 20,895 patients at the Maudsley Hospital with that of 504 patients born twins, including 117 twins where the co-twin had died before the age of 15. Significant differences in diagnostic distribution were found in the co-twin-dead compared with the co-twin-alive group; the former received diagnoses of schizophrenia, personality disorder, or substance abuse more often than the latter. While there were no overall differences between twins and non-twins, there were relatively more twins in the above three diagnostic groups. We suggest that the factors leading to the death of one twin are implicated in the later psychiatric morbidity of the survivor. PMID- 3167377 TI - The current age of youthful melancholia. Evidence for increase in depression among adolescents and young adults. AB - The possibility of a rise in rates of depression among adolescents and young adults was first reported in the 1970s. Particular note was taken of the emergence of childhood depression and the increase in suicide attempts and death among adolescents and young adults. Data from large-sample family studies and community epidemiological surveys have been reviewed and reanalysed, using life table statistical methodology. Evidence for secular trends are presented, and the problems of disentangling period and cohort effect are discussed. It appears that the 'baby boomers' - those born in the years after World War II - have had increased rates of depression and other related illnesses, including drug abuse and alcoholism. The theoretical aspects of this are discussed, particularly for gene-environment interactions. PMID- 3167378 TI - Changes in behaviour in dementia: a neglected research area. PMID- 3167379 TI - Writer's cramp in a deaf 12-year-old girl. A conversion reaction? AB - An unusual case of writer's cramp in a 12-year-old deaf girl is reported. Possible aetiological and contributing factors in her environment are discussed, with particular relevance to a hysterical conversion reaction. PMID- 3167380 TI - Munchausen syndrome. Motives and the relation to deliberate self-harm. AB - A case report of a 37-year-old woman with Munchausen syndrome which differs in many respects from the classical picture is described. Attempts are made to examine the motives behind the syndrome and to make a link with the common pattern of deliberate self-harm. PMID- 3167382 TI - Fatal deliberate self-harm seen in a Sri Lankan Hospital. PMID- 3167381 TI - Feigned alcohol abuse. A unique case report. AB - A man presenting with factitious alcohol abuse and its alleged complications is described. It is argued that chronic factitious disorders are more logically viewed as part of that spectrum of conditions where there is abnormal illness behaviour, including somatoform disorders and other related conditions, than as separate nosological or diagnostic entities. PMID- 3167383 TI - Self-inflicted eye injuries. PMID- 3167384 TI - Paranoid psychosis and AIDS. PMID- 3167385 TI - Age of onset of schizophrenia. PMID- 3167386 TI - The dopamine hypothesis, viral theory of schizophrenia, and season of birth. PMID- 3167387 TI - Barking mad. PMID- 3167388 TI - Maternity blues and post-partum euphoria. PMID- 3167389 TI - Characteristic plasma hormone changes in Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3167390 TI - Lithium, psoriasis, abnormal glucose tolerance, and thyroid dysfunction. PMID- 3167391 TI - Disulfiram reaction during sexual intercourse. PMID- 3167392 TI - Prasad's syndrome. PMID- 3167393 TI - Psychiatric liaison referrals of elderly in-patients in a teaching hospital. AB - A retrospective review of 131 psychiatric referrals of hospital in-patients aged 65 years and older was made to examine the referral rate, the characteristics of referred patients, and the pattern of diagnoses and recommendations made by the psychiatrist. The referral rate was much less than the estimated prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in similar populations. The majority of referrals received a psychiatric diagnosis, most commonly an organic psychiatric syndrome (37%) or depression (23%). Comparison of various aspects of referral for the periods before and after the introduction of a specific psychiatric liaison service for the elderly showed little change apart from a small increase in referral rate. PMID- 3167394 TI - Risk factors in schizophrenia. Season of birth and family history. AB - The association between the familial risk for schizophrenia and season of birth was studied in 88 schizophrenic patients. An increased risk for schizophrenia and 'spectrum' disorders was demonstrated among the first-degree relatives of winter and spring-born schizophrenic patients. However, patients with a family history of schizophrenia and 'spectrum' disorders did not differ from patients with no family history with respect to season of birth. Season of birth was unrelated to the sex of the patient, birth order, age at onset, or clinical subtypes (paranoid vs non-paranoid, as defined by the RDC, and 'narrow' vs 'broad', as defined by Taylor & Abrams' 1975 criteria). The morbid-risk data support a 'stress diathesis' hypothesis whereby environmental factors (in this case a seasonally varying viral insult may be implicated) interact with genetic vulnerability to increase the risk for schizophrenia. PMID- 3167395 TI - Age disorientation in chronic schizophrenia is not associated with pre-morbid intellectual impairment or past physical treatment. AB - Forty-two long-stay hospital patients with chronic schizophrenia were divided into age and sex-matched groups with and without temporal disorientation, and assessed for premorbid academic performance and past physical treatment. The schooling of schizophrenic patients who had cognitive impairment, as identified by gross temporal disorientation, did not differ from those who were cognitively intact. The groups did not differ in past history of ECT, insulin coma, neuroleptic treatment, or psychosurgery. Patients with age disorientation were on lower mean doses of neuroleptic or anticholinergic medication. Gross cognitive impairment thus appears to occur in the course of the disease and is not due to physical treatment. PMID- 3167396 TI - The Scottish First Episode Schizophrenia Study V. One-year follow-up. The Scottish Schizophrenia Research Group. AB - Of 49 schizophrenic patients followed up 12 months after their first admission to hospital, only about 45% had experienced no relapse and had no schizophrenic symptoms; a poorer outcome was more often found in Feighner positive than Feighner negative schizophrenic patients. The patients' overall level of unemployment had more than doubled to 51%. In patients whose acute episodes responded to treatment, pimozide taken once weekly as maintenance therapy was as effective as intramuscular flupenthixol decanoate, but tardive dyskinesia appeared in two patients receiving weekly pimozide; the repeat psychometric assessment at 12 months found modest improvements, i.e. no evidence of intellectual decline, in Matrices, Block Design, and Digit Copying tests. Forty per cent of relatives still showed significant psychological distress, which correlated with patients' schizophrenic symptoms, and the relatives' social functioning remained poorer than that of a normal community sample. PMID- 3167397 TI - The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Survey. VII. Does relatives' high expressed emotion predict relapse? AB - A review of all known schizophrenic people living in Nithsdale in South-West Scotland identified long-stay in-patients, patients living on their own and those living with relatives showing low or high expressed emotion (EE). A prospective 12-month follow-up identified relapsing patients, defined as those readmitted to hospital with exacerbation of schizophrenic symptoms or a fresh episode of illness, or, if not readmitted, with a significant increase in antipsychotic medication. There was no difference in relapse rates in patients living on their own, with low-EE, or with high-EE relatives. Amount of contact with high-EE relatives did not affect relapse rates. The different results obtained from the Nithsdale group compared with one from Camberwell are discussed. PMID- 3167398 TI - Measuring the course of Alzheimer's disease. A longitudinal study of neuropsychological function and changes in P3 event-related potential. AB - On two occasions one year apart, the cognitive performance of 12 patients with presenile dementia Alzheimer type (ATD) and 14 with alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome (KS) was assessed both psychologically using the Christensen version of Luria's neuropsychological investigation and physiologically by measuring P300 (P3) and other long-latency auditory event-related potentials. All patients with ATD showed evidence of psychological deterioration and most also showed changes in auditory P3, whereas on all measures the KS group remained essentially unchanged. The extent of the changes in the ATD group varied, but in general those patients with most psychological deterioration also displayed the biggest changes in P3 wave form. There were two patterns of decline: a majority followed the traditional progressive course associated with Alzheimer disease; and in a minority, decline was slower. Methods for determining the rate of decline in individual patients with ATD, together with the prognostic implications, are discussed. PMID- 3167399 TI - Birth order sibship size and socio-economic factors in risk of schizophrenia in Greece. AB - A case-control study was undertaken to evaluate the effects, if any, of sibship size, birth order and parents' age at birth on the risk of a person's developing schizophrenia. Information was obtained, during an 18-month period, from 221 schizophrenic patients in the only mental-health hospital of the region of Peloponese, Greece, and from an equal number of matched patients. The data were analysed by modelling through logistic regression. No relationship was found between the occurrence of schizophrenia in a patient and either father's or mother's age at patient's birth, or sibship size, or birth order, when demographic and socio-economic variables were accounted for in the analysis. Although patients with schizophrenia were of similar socio-economic status to the comparison patients, they came from families with higher original socio-economic status, a fact which appears to reflect the decline of both schizophrenic and pre schizophrenic people in the social ladder. PMID- 3167400 TI - Life events, difficulties and recovery from chronic depression. AB - Reductions in an overall score of ongoing difficulties and the occurrence of a 'fresh start' event often preceded the recovery or improvement of women in a general-population survey suffering from chronic depression, i.e. with episodes lasting 12 months or more. In addition, overall levels of difficulties and presence of social support were independently related to recovery or improvement. Some of the life-changes preceding recovery were threatening, but all promised some hope of a better future. Evidence is presented that the results as a whole are unlikely to be due to incipient changes in clinical condition leading the women to make changes in their environment, but some bias of this kind cannot be entirely ruled out. PMID- 3167401 TI - Hospital-treated and general-population morbidity from affective disorders. Comparison of prevalence and inception rates. AB - In this study, we compare the rates of psychiatric disorders found among women in a random sample of the general population with those of patients referred to specialist services. Both these groups were drawn from the same geographical area. The ratio of prevalence rates is less than the ratio between inception rates in the two groups. When only those with affective disorders were considered, the results revealed that the point prevalence in the treated disorders group was only 1% of the community-group prevalence, while the inception into care in the former group was nearly 6% of that in the latter. Single women and older women were over-represented in the hospital sample. PMID- 3167402 TI - Psychiatric morbidity in spouses of women admitted to a mother and baby unit. AB - The spouses of 40 women admitted to a psychiatric Mother and Baby Unit were interviewed to detect psychiatric morbidity, and aspects of their social and marital functioning. This group was compared with 25 men whose wives had not shown obvious psychiatric disorder in the puerperium. Psychiatric morbidity, using DSM-III (American Psychiatric Association, 1980) criteria, was present in 42% of the index group, and 4% of the comparison group. The main diagnoses were major depressive episode and generalised anxiety disorder. This was associated with poorer marital and social function in the index group. Male psychopathology after delivery has been studied little but may be significant in the management of postpartum syndromes. PMID- 3167403 TI - A decision model in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive neuroses. AB - The treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorders with a behavioural therapeutic program consisting of response prevention has proved to be rather successful. A prospective study of the potentialities of predicting the outcome of such a treatment program is described. The results of this research could possibly lead to the development of a decision model for use in the treatment of obsessive compulsive neurosis. PMID- 3167404 TI - Clomipramine, self-exposure and therapist-aided exposure for obsessive-compulsive rituals. AB - A randomised treatment design for 49 chronically obsessive-compulsive ritualising patients was devised and three controlled comparisons were made. 1. During 7 weeks of self-exposure instructions, clomipramine treatment improved some measures of rituals and depression significantly more than did placebo medication; this effect was transient and disappeared as drug treatment and exposure were continued for a further 15 weeks. 2. During 11-16 weeks of clomipramine treatment, self-exposure instructions yielded highly significantly more patient improvement than did anti-exposure instructions on nearly all measures of rituals and some of social adjustment. 3. Adding therapist-aided exposure (1.3 hours) to self-exposure instructions (3 hours) after 8 weeks had a barely significant transient effect of dubious clinical value, which was lost by the end of exposure (at week 23) and during follow-up assessments to week 52. We conclude that of the three therapeutic factors tested, self-exposure was the most potent; clomipramine played a limited adjuvant role, and therapist-aided exposure a marginal one. PMID- 3167406 TI - Reshaping the psyche. The concurrent improvement in appearance and mental state after rhinoplasty. AB - Rhinoplasty patients and matched elective-surgery controls completed the Facial Appearance Sorting Test, the General Health Questionnaire, a Repertory Grid and the Masculinity/Femininity Scale. Rhinoplasty applicants perceived appearance similarly to, and downrated their own appearance to the same extent as, controls. Impaired appearance and psychiatric symptoms are integral parts of the 'rhinoplasty applicant syndrome', but the degree to which they occur is not positively correlated. Interviews and tests were repeated 6 months after operation, when marked improvement in appearance was reported by the rhinoplasty patients, associated with the reduction of psychiatric-symptom scores. Control subjects showed no change. PMID- 3167405 TI - Supervising lithium. A comparison of a lithium clinic, psychiatric out-patient clinics, and general practice. AB - Supervision of lithium treatment among three groups of patients treated in different settings - at a lithium clinic, as hospital out-patients, and by a GP - was studied. The lithium clinic maintained lower levels and checked these more frequently. Elevated lithium levels were most frequent in the GP-supervised group, which also included the 13 patients with the most impaired glomerular filtration. In hospital settings GFR-impaired patients received a lower daily dose of lithium; in general practice, affected patients had a higher mean serum lithium level and were more frequently prescribed lithium once daily. We conclude that patients with glomerular impairment who require lithium should be supervised by a specialist, or at least prescribed lithium in divided daily doses. PMID- 3167408 TI - Electroconvulsive therapy in parkinsonism with affective disorder. AB - The authors report a patient whose Parkinson's disease and mania both responded well to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) after failing to respond to chemotherapy. The authors review the literature and suggest that ECT is a safe and effective treatment for affective syndromes associated with Parkinsonism. The presence of dementia in these patients appears to be an indicator of poor prognosis. This paper is believed to be the first report of successful use of ECT in mania occurring together with Parkinsonism. PMID- 3167407 TI - Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in British blacks. AB - Thirteen black patients were referred over 5 years to the eating-disorders unit at the Maudsley Hospital. Two suffered from anorexia nervosa and 11 from bulimia nervosa. This group was compared with a matched white control group from the total clinic population during that period. The Blacks had more commonly experienced parental divorce or separation, and premorbid obesity, and were more likely to be referred by the emergency services. Their lower educational achievements, and fathers of lower socio-economic status, reflected variation among the general black and white populations in this country, but their educational levels and social statuses were higher than in the general black population. PMID- 3167409 TI - Aspects of psychiatric symptoms at different stages in the treatment of transsexualism. AB - Three groups of male transsexuals at different stages of the treatment process were examined and shown to match retrospectively in actuarial and psychiatric data. Transsexuals who were on a waiting list for surgery showed lower neurotic scores on the Crown-Crisp Experiential Index than those at the assessment stage of clinic attendance, while post-operative transsexuals obtained scores lower than either of the other groups. Transsexuals during the assessment stage of treatment obtained the lowest scores on items in the Bem Sex Role Inventory that define stereotypical masculine characteristics and the highest scores on items that define stereotypical feminine characteristics, in relation to the other two groups. PMID- 3167410 TI - Performance of the dexamethasone suppression test in depressive illness according to ICD and DSM-III classification systems. AB - The performance of the dexamethasone suppression test was assessed in 90 consecutive admissions with a diagnosis of depression, categorised according to two classification systems (DSM-III and ICD-9). Non-suppression was found in most of the diagnostic categories, but there was a highly significant association with the DSM-III classification 'major depressive episode with melancholia' (52%) in comparison with the ICD group 'manic-depressive illness-depressed' (29%). PMID- 3167411 TI - Fatal recurrence of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. AB - The clinical features of a fatal case of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome are presented. The fatal episode was a recurrence of the syndrome after a milder episode 3 months earlier. Prescription of neuroleptics was continued unchanged following the latter, as a correct diagnosis was not made at the time. The case emphasises the importance of early recognition of the syndrome and the possibility of spontaneous remission of symptoms despite continued neuroleptic treatment. PMID- 3167412 TI - A linkage study of primary affective disorder. AB - Marker loci in 113 members of nine unrelated multiplex families identified by a bipolar proband were tested for linkages with primary affective disorder. Linkage was excluded between the disease locus (assuming that it was a single autosomal dominant gene) and the HLA loci at a recombination fraction of 0.2, the ABO, Rh, and Lu loci at almost 0.05 and the Fy and P loci at 0.001. PMID- 3167413 TI - Pseudocyesis preceding psychosis. AB - Pseudocyesis is an uncommon condition in which the psychological and somatic phenomena are usually thought to arise with neurotic rather than psychotic illness. We report a patient whose pseudocyesis took a course not previously described, culminating in an acute schizophrenic episode. Despite this she demonstrated many similarities with neurotic patients previously described in the literature. A phenomenological explanation, the belief of pregnancy as an overvalued idea, is discussed. PMID- 3167415 TI - Psychiatric presentation of third ventricular colloid cyst. A case report. AB - A case of colloid cyst of the third ventricle in a patient presenting with delusional depressive syndrome, in clear consciousness and with minimal cognitive impairment, is reported. The possible pathogenesis of the syndrome is discussed in the light of the reported association between aqueduct stenosis, diencephalic dysfunction, hydrocephalus, and psychotic symptoms. PMID- 3167414 TI - The use of naloxone during the withdrawal syndrome from heroin. AB - Attempts to repeat in human subjects animal studies in which naloxone stopped withdrawal symptoms after prolonged use of heroin failed. Nevertheless, suggestions for further studies are made, as the subjects' subsequent desire for opiates did seem attenuated. PMID- 3167417 TI - Hypomania following complex partial seizures. PMID- 3167416 TI - Late paraphrenia or the Paraphrenias? PMID- 3167418 TI - Diethylpropion hydrochloride-induced psychosis. PMID- 3167419 TI - Neurosyphilis and psychiatry. PMID- 3167420 TI - The place of benzodiazepines in psychiatric practice. PMID- 3167421 TI - Heterogeneity in sporadic schizophrenia. PMID- 3167422 TI - Deliberate self harm and out-patient attendance. PMID- 3167423 TI - The BITE: indices of agreement. PMID- 3167424 TI - Standardised assessment of personality disorders in mental handicap. PMID- 3167425 TI - Behaviourally disturbed HIV patients. PMID- 3167426 TI - The pathogenesis of depersonalization: a hypothesis. PMID- 3167427 TI - 'Neuroleptic malignant syndrome' without neuroleptics. PMID- 3167428 TI - Clastogenic factors and abnormal plasma fractions in a female patient with severe aggressiveness. PMID- 3167429 TI - Atypical koro. PMID- 3167430 TI - Successful treatment of a Chinese with primary ejaculatory failure. PMID- 3167431 TI - Bipolar affective disorder and thalassemia minor--a genetic linkage? PMID- 3167432 TI - Community psychiatry. PMID- 3167434 TI - Schizophrenic first-rank symptoms in organic mental disorders. AB - The frequency of schizophrenic first-rank symptoms (FRS) were investigated in 1698 patients with an organic mental disorder (OMD) according to Schneider's and DSM-III criteria: 7% of the patients with OMD had FRS, compared with 47% of schizophrenic patients. However, the frequency of FRS depends on the state of consciousness and on the aetiology of the OMD: 20% of the patients with clear consciousness had FRS, but only 1.5% of those with clouded consciousness. In cases of some aetiologically defined groups of OMD, such as post-ictal epileptic psychoses or alcoholic hallucinosis, the frequency of FRS is similar to that in cases of schizophrenia. FRS appear to be psychotic reaction patterns whose substrate-related basis extends across the whole spectrum of endogenous and exogenous psychoses. PMID- 3167433 TI - The assessment of psychophysiological reactivity to the expressed emotion of relatives of schizophrenic patients. AB - The measure of expressed emotion (EE) of the relative has been found to be an important predictor of schizophrenic relapse. Electrodermal measures were recorded when the schizophrenic patient was talking to an experimenter, and when the patient was talking to a relative. Although there were no differences during the relative-absent period, patients with a high-EE relative present exhibited significantly higher frequencies of non-specific skin-conductance responses (NS SCRs) than patients with a low-EE relative present. Patients show a significant decrease in NS-SCRs on the entry of low-EE, but not high-EE relatives. Patients with high-EE relatives show overall higher levels of skin-conductance levels (SCLs) than patients with low-EE relatives. Although patients with high-EE relatives rate themselves significantly more tense and anxious on self-rating scales, there are no significant correlations between self-ratings and electrodermal measures. The use of electrodermal reactivity as an assessment measure of relapse risk is discussed. PMID- 3167435 TI - Marital problems and sexual dysfunction: how are they related? AB - In a study of 28 attenders of a sexual and marital clinic, the relationship between marital distress and both general and specific sexual dysfunctions was investigated. It was found that for men there was a much closer relationship between sexual and marital problems than for women. In particular, it was noted that the specific male sexual dysfunctions of impotence and premature ejaculation played a much larger part in marital discord than did the female dysfunctions of anorgasmia and vaginismus. PMID- 3167436 TI - Female unemployment and attempted suicide. AB - Unemployment became more common among females attempting suicide in Oxford between 1976 and 1985, although the rise was less than expected from the increased general-population female unemployment rate. Rates of attempted suicide among unemployed women between 1979 and 1982 were 7.5-10.9 times higher than those of employed women, and were particularly high in women unemployed for more than a year. Many more unemployed than employed women attempting suicide had a history of psychiatric difficulties, were suffering from alcoholism, and made repeat attempts. Two possible explanations are: firstly, the secondary consequences of unemployment increase the risk of suicidal behaviour; and, secondly, women already predisposed to psychiatric difficulties and hence attempted suicide are more likely to become unemployed. PMID- 3167437 TI - Prevalence of transsexualism in The Netherlands. AB - On the basis of the records of subjects undergoing cross-gender hormonal treatment at the only gender treatment centre in the Netherlands, the prevalence of transsexualism was assessed over the years 1976-1986. In 1980, the prevalence was 1:45,000 for male-to-female and 1:200,000 for female-to-male transsexuals. In 1986 the prevalence for male-to-female transsexuals was 1:18,000, and for female to-male transsexuals, 1:54,000. The increased prevalence is apparently due to a lower threshold for applying for medical treatment rather than to a true increase in the prevalence. Nevertheless, the calculated prevalence is higher than hitherto recorded. The ratio of male-to-female compared with female-to-male transsexuals was found to remain constant at 3:1. PMID- 3167438 TI - Psychiatric interviewing techniques. A second experimental study: eliciting feelings. AB - The effects of two experimental interview styles, designed to differ in the extent of their use of active feeling-oriented techniques but similar in their use of active fact-oriented techniques, were compared in initial diagnostic interviews with the mothers of children referred to a psychiatric clinic. The style that employed a higher level of actively responsive feeling-oriented techniques elicited more emotional expression and more often obtained certain feelings of potential diagnostic significance. The actively responsive style was more effective in increasing the amount of feeling expressed if mothers' spontaneous rate of expression was relatively low. PMID- 3167439 TI - HIV infection associated with symptoms indistinguishable from functional psychosis. AB - Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), who present with or develop psychotic symptoms, almost invariably have evidence of cognitive impairment. Three psychotic patients, one with AIDS, and two with AIDS-related complex (ARC), who showed no evidence of cognitive impairment, are reported. It is suggested that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may produce symptoms indistinguishable from those seen in the functional psychoses. PMID- 3167440 TI - The dexamethasone suppression test in bulimia nervosa. AB - In a study of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in patients with bulimia nervosa, a non-suppression rate of about 50% was found. The only clinical correlates of DST non-suppression were a previous history of weight loss and/or of anorexia nervosa. These results suggest that DST non-suppression in these subjects may be a trait rather than a state marker of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3167441 TI - Predicting the response of depressed patients to biological treatment: the dexamethasone suppression test versus clinical judgement. AB - A dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was carried out in a heterogeneous sample of 174 depressed patients. In a subsample of 130 patients in whom biological antidepressive treatment had been commenced either because of an initial clinical judgement of 'endogenicity' or because of subsequent evidence of DST non suppression, the response to treatment was globally assessed. The results showed no significant differences between the two groups in the numbers of patients responding favorably to treatment. The positive predictive value of DST non suppression for a favourable response was no higher than that of clinical judgement, and there was little difference between the sensitivity and specificity of the two predictors. PMID- 3167442 TI - Validity and reliability of the Chinese Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. AB - The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (CHDS) was assessed. Interrater reliability was excellent, the item total-score correlations were good, and the internal reliability was satisfactory. The concurrent validity was tested by correlating the CHDS score with the Global Assessment Scale score; the strong negative correlation found indicated that the CHDS reflects the overall level of disability. Five distinct factors were generated by principle-component analysis; these factors account for 52.4% of the total variance. Rigorous evaluation of the numerous translated scales being used in clinical and research settings of non Western countries is important. PMID- 3167443 TI - AIMS ratings--repeatability. AB - In the present study, two raters, a psychologist and a nurse, each made five independent ratings of 30 different video-recorded patient-examinations. Having thus excluded patient fluctuation, individual-rater consistency and between-rater agreement over the 6 weeks of the study are examined. While between-rater agreement was apparently being maintained, mean AIMS scores steadily increased. In the hands of these raters, AIMS items 2 and 4 emerged as very reliable, while items 1, 6, and 7 showed high variability. Some patients appeared to be hard to rate. Differences between the study raters and the author JB highlight the issue: how reproducible is an AIMS rating? PMID- 3167444 TI - Dysmorphophobic avoidance with disturbed bodily perception. A pilot study of exposure therapy. AB - Five chronically disabled dysmorphophobic patients with disturbed bodily perception improved with systematic exposure to avoided situations that evoked dysmorphophobic discomfort, and refraining from behaviours which reduced that discomfort. As avoidance and anxiety improved with exposure, so did associated bodily delusions. Four of the patients had additional problems, for which three cases had drugs at some time. The encouraging pilot results warrant a controlled study of exposure for dysmorphophobic avoidance and anxiety. PMID- 3167445 TI - Visual evoked potentials in elderly patients with primary or multi-infarct dementia. AB - Flash and pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (VEP) were recorded in 35 elderly patients with dementia, and 19 controls of equivalent age. Dementia produced a slowing of the major positive (P2) component of the flash VEP but did not affect the latency of the flash P1 component or the P100 pattern-reversal component. This unusual type of abnormality was found in both primary and multi infarct types of dementia, and has previously been found in primary presenile dementia. The results show that the VEP can be used for the diagnosis of multi infarct, and primary presenile and senile dementias. PMID- 3167446 TI - Behavioural disorder in the mentally handicapped. The role of life events. AB - A retrospective study of 65 consecutive referrals for behavioural disorder of mentally handicapped patients living in the community revealed that 31 of these were associated with life events sustained in the 12 months prior to the referral. These patients were usually mildly handicapped, while those who presented with behaviour disorder without a history of recent life events were usually more severely retarded. The differences between the two groups are discussed and the need for further research emphasised. PMID- 3167447 TI - Hysterical behaviour in patriarchal communities. Four cases, one with Ganser-like symptoms. AB - The aspirations, mores, and family structure in Cypriot immigrants, which are illustrated in four cases of hysterical behaviour, have many similarities to nineteenth century Viennese society. Such behaviour may mask more sinister diagnoses; one of the cases remains diagnostically uncertain and another passed through a transient hysterical psychosis with Ganser-like symptoms. The cultural, dynamic, and nosological issues are discussed. PMID- 3167448 TI - Patterns of psychiatric morbidity in a genito-urinary clinic. A validation of the Hospital Anxiety Depression scale (HAD). AB - The prevalence of psychiatric disorder (by DSM-III criteria) in a population attending a genito-urinary clinic was found to be 31%. The performance of the Hospital Anxiety Depression (HAD) scale as a screening questionnaire for psychiatric disorder was assessed. Case definition by a score of 8 or more on either of the anxiety or depressive subscales produced optimal results, giving sensitivities of 82% and 70%, and specificities of 94% and 68%, for depressive and anxiety disorders respectively. PMID- 3167450 TI - A case of a delusional psychotic syndrome in the setting of Werner's syndrome (adult progeria). AB - The literature on Werner's syndrome is scarce, and to our knowledge, no documented evidence is available to substantiate central nervous system involvement in this multisystem disease. We present a case of Werner's syndrome associated with recurrent delusional psychosis in the presence of cognitive impairment and computerised tomography (CT) radiological changes in the posterior cerebral cortex. PMID- 3167449 TI - Schizophreniform psychosis associated with the menstrual cycle. AB - The premenstrual and menstrual periods are associated with increased psychiatric disturbances, both of a psychotic and neurotic nature. Pre-existing psychosis can worsen in the premenstrual period, or, as we describe in the following case report, a psychosis can occur in the premenstrual period with complete remission once the bleeding has ceased. PMID- 3167451 TI - The mortality of long-stay patients following interhospital relocation. AB - The mortality of 99 long-stay psychiatric patients did not significantly increase after interhospital relocation. Preparation for the transfer, and the type of environmental change, seem to be important determinants of outcome in this and other studies. PMID- 3167452 TI - Parasuicide and appendicectomy. AB - A retrospective case-note study of young women admitted for appendicectomy showed that in those patients who had a normal appendix removed, there was a significantly higher rate of admission for parasuicide, before and after the index admission; 27/184 (approximately 15%) compared with 17/368 (approximately 5%) for patients who had an inflamed appendix removed. PMID- 3167453 TI - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) presenting at the age of 21 as a schizophrenia-like state with bizarre dysmorphophobic features. AB - A case is described of a 21-year-old man who, after extensive investigations by the general physicians and neurologists, was transferred to a psychiatric hospital with a diagnosis of functional illness. The clinical picture at that stage simulated schizophrenia with prominent dysmorphophobic features. A diagnosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis was then made 9 months after the onset. PMID- 3167454 TI - ECT in parkinsonism with affective disorder. PMID- 3167455 TI - Incest and anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3167456 TI - Mania in the early stages of AIDS. PMID- 3167457 TI - Time and the dopamine hypothesis. PMID- 3167458 TI - Late paraphrenia. PMID- 3167459 TI - Dangerous delusions: the 'Hollywood phenomenon'. PMID- 3167460 TI - Bulimia in British blacks and Asians. A catchment area study. AB - This paper describes the demographic and clinical features of five non-white, normal body weight bulimics, all from the same catchment area. Comparisons with white bulimic referrals from the same area showed clinical similarities, but the non-white bulimics gave an account of gross emotional deprivation: all came from broken homes; four had been separated for long periods from their mothers; two had been subjected to incestuous abuse; and four had been cared for by white women. Response to treatment was poor. The ratio of non-white referral to white was at most one tenth of the ratio of non-white to white women in the catchment area. PMID- 3167461 TI - The Camberwell Collaborative Depression Study. I. Depressed probands: adversity and the form of depression. AB - The Camberwell Collaborative Depression Study is an investigation of a series of 130 patients (76 female; 54 male) attending the Maudsley Hospital Services with unipolar depression of recent onset (the probands), and of their first-degree relatives. This paper describes the first element of the study, the investigation of the index cases or probands, which was carried out by members of the MRC Social Psychiatry Unit over the period 1982-1985. A description of the methods of the study is followed by an analysis of life events in relation to the symptomatic pattern of the depressive state. An 'endogenous' group was defined as cases of depression falling within Catego classes D and R, and compared with a 'neurotic' group conforming to classes N and A. The hypothesis that the 'endogenous' group of disorders would be relatively independent of prior life stress was not confirmed. Depressed women were more likely to have experienced life events or difficulties than their male counterparts, and there was some evidence that sex, but not age or social class, influenced the relationship between adversity and the type of depression. Examination of the timing of life events was strongly suggestive of a causal effect, with a pronounced rise in the month before onset. This was not limited to the most severe events. Differences between the 'endogenous' and 'neurotic' groups in the temporal patterning of events before onset are discussed. The findings are interpreted in terms of the literature on the topic. PMID- 3167462 TI - The Camberwell Collaborative Depression Study. II. Investigation of family members. AB - Out of a consecutive series of 130 potential probands with recent onsets of depression, 124 were deemed 'in scope' for a family interview study of social and genetic influences on depression. We were able to interview first-degree relatives of 83 probands (67% of those families 'in scope'). Unexpectedly, interviewed first-degree relatives had, on average, a significantly lower occupational status than the depressed probands. However, the rates of depression among the first-degree relatives were high. Based on a PSE-Catego classification, 17.2% of 244 relatives were current 'cases' of depression at the time of interview. This was significantly greater than the estimated population prevalence. Using a Past History Schedule in combination with the PSE, the lifetime prevalence of depressive illness, expressed as the proportion who had ever fulfilled PSE-Catego case criteria, was 38.9%. High rates of psychiatric treatment were also found in family members. The lifetime prevalence of any form of hospital treatment for depression in 315 first-degree relatives was 15.5%. This gives an age-corrected morbidity risk to age 65 years of 24.6%, as compared with a population estimate of 8.9%. In common with previous studies, significantly higher rates of depression were found among female than among male first-degree relatives for broader categories of disorder, but there was a small and nonsignificant excess of men among those relatives who had received in patient treatment for depression. This apparent lessening of sex differences with more severe categories was not supported by an examination of 'lifetime ever' depressive symptoms, where severity was expressed as highest ever PSE-Catego-ID level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167463 TI - The Camberwell Collaborative Depression Study. III. Depression and adversity in the relatives of depressed probands. AB - The relationship between life events and depressive disorder was assessed in 83 families ascertained through depressed probands. Contrary to expectation and to previous suggestions, we found no inverse relationship between the presence of familial loading and reactivity to stress. Thus the relatives of probands whose onset of depression followed life events or chronic difficulties had slightly higher lifetime rates of depression than the relatives of probands whose onset was not associated with adversity. There was only a weak and non-significant relationship between recent life events and current disorder among relatives, and no apparent tendency for life-event-associated depression to 'breed true' within families. Comparison with a community sample showed that the first-degree relatives of depressives had significantly elevated rates both of current depression and of recent threatening life events. This finding still held when proband-associated life events were discounted, suggesting that both liability to depression and propensity to experience life events are familial. PMID- 3167464 TI - The practice of community psychiatric nursing and mental health social work in Salford. Some implications for community care. AB - The context and content of work undertaken with individual clients by community psychiatric nurses (CPNs) and mental health social workers (MHSWs) in Salford were found to be significantly different. Although there were some areas of overlap, the ways in which the two professions worked were quite distinct. MHSWs discussed a wide range of topics and were as concerned with clients' interactions with family and community networks as they were with symptoms. Their interviews with schizophrenic clients followed a similar pattern to those with other groups, and they worked closely with psychiatrists and other mental health staff. CPNs, on the other hand, focused mainly on psychiatric symptoms, treatment arrangements, and medications, and spent significantly less time with individual psychotic clients than they did with patients suffering from neuroses. They were as likely to be in contact with general practitioners as they were with psychiatrists, and had fewer contacts with other mental health staff than the MHSWs. There was evidence that the long-term care of chronic psychiatric patients living outside hospital required more co-ordinated long-term multidisciplinary input. PMID- 3167465 TI - Decline in the diagnosis of schizophrenia among first contacts with psychiatric services in north-east Scotland, 1969-1984. AB - Annual age-standardised rates for first contacts with psychiatric services in the Aberdeen area from 1969 to 1984 were calculated for schizophrenia, paranoid states, reactive psychoses, all affective psychoses, mania, and depressive neuroses. Highly significant declines occurred in the diagnosis of schizophrenia and of depressive neuroses. No concomitant increase occurred. It is concluded that these results probably indicate that there has been a fall in the incidence of schizophrenia in North-East Scotland. This may have arisen due to changes in the mode of expression and/or the severity of all functional psychoses. PMID- 3167466 TI - Non-psychotic psychiatric disorder after childbirth. A prospective study of prevalence, incidence, course and nature. AB - The psychiatric state of 483 women was examined antenatally and at 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum. Comprehensive assessments were made of all women antenatally and of subgroups of the full sample postnatally. Psychiatric state was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire, the Present State Examination and the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale. In terms of PSE criteria, the point prevalence of non-psychotic psychiatric disorder antenatally was found to be 6.0%; and postnatally it was estimated to be 8.7% at 3 months, 8.8% at 6 months and 5.2% at 12 months after delivery. These prevalence rates were compared to the rate in a general population sample of non-puerperal women and found to be no greater. In a subgroup of the full sample, the incidence of psychiatric disorder in the year following delivery was estimated to be 15.1%, which is close to a figure previously reported for women in the community. The onset of psychiatric disturbance was soon after delivery in most instances; and, for the majority, the episode of disturbance lasted for 3 months or less. The distribution of PSE Catego classes and syndromes among the antenatal and postnatal samples were found to be similar to those in the non-puerperal comparison sample. Thus, the prevalence, incidence, and nature of non-psychotic psychiatric disorder in the 12 months following delivery do not appear to distinguish it from such disorders arising at other times. PMID- 3167467 TI - Emotional disturbances in endocrine patients. Validity of the scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). AB - The 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) has been validated against the criterion of the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS) in Spanish patients in hospital with several types of endocrinological illnesses. The screening instrument correctly identified 91 of 100 respondents as exhibiting psychiatric disorder. The questionnaire's efficacy was similar at the time of medical discharge, when the rate of disorder was significantly lower. Significant correlations were found between GHQ total scores and endocrine blood measures in Addison's disease, and in Type I diabetes. The four subscales of the GHQ sum to provide additional information concerning somatic symptoms and anxiety. PMID- 3167468 TI - A follow-up study on alcoholics with and without co-existing affective disorder. AB - Three-hundred male alcoholics were selected from consecutive admissions to hospital. They were divided into three diagnostic sub-groups: primary alcoholics; alcoholics with unipolar affective disorder; and alcoholics with bipolar affective disorder. After three follow-up interviews over a 2-year period after hospital discharge, the three sub-groups reported differences in frequency of mood change, amount of treatment received, and hospital attendance, although there were no clear-cut differences in items associated with their alcoholism. There were, however, some indications that bipolar patients functioned at a better level during the follow-up period, particularly those who were older, had a previous history of longer periods of abstinence, and maintained more frequent contact with Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and their family doctor. PMID- 3167469 TI - Supportive analytical psychotherapy. An account of two cases. AB - Supportive psychotherapy is much practiced, but little described. An account is given of an approach that combines supportive and dynamic elements, is suitable for 'difficult' patients, and may be cost-effective. Two illustrative causes are presented. PMID- 3167470 TI - The accident and emergency department management of deliberate self-poisoning. AB - Consecutive attenders (525) presenting at the Nottingham Accident and Emergency (A & E) department with deliberate self-poisoning were identified retrospectively. Their case-notes were examined for patient characteristics and clinical management. The Nottingham Psychiatric Case Register was examined for previous contact and use of psychiatric services over a 2-year follow-up period. Significant differences were found between those patients admitted to a ward and those who returned home from the A & E Department, in respect of likelihood of psychiatric morbidity and use of psychiatric services. One in three self poisoning patients returns home directly from the accident department, and there seemed to be appropriate selection. PMID- 3167471 TI - School refusal: a 15-20-year follow-up study of 35 Swedish urban children. AB - Results from a 15-20-year follow-up study of 35 7-12-year-old children with school refusal and 35 age- and sex-matched comparison children are reported. The school refusal cases had applied for out-patient adult psychiatric care more often than comparison children. Also they had fewer children of their own. In respect of overall social adjustment and severe psychiatric disorders requiring in-patient treatment, there were no important differences. PMID- 3167472 TI - True hallucinations as a culturally sanctioned experience. AB - Earlier, we reported that true hallucinations may present as a conversion symptom. We here reiterate this and suggest that cultural sanction may be one factor that can lead to hallucinations being classified as true in non-psychotic psychiatric states. PMID- 3167473 TI - Two cases of hypomania in AIDS. AB - HIV disease often leads to neuropsychiatric disturbance, either through direct infection of the brain by the virus or through CNS disease secondary to immunodeficiency. Neuropsychiatric complications of AIDS and AIDS-related disorders may present clinically as acute or chronic organic mental syndromes, or may mimic functional psychiatric illness, in particular depression, anxiety, or psychotic states. Two cases of hypomanic states in homosexual men suffering from AIDS are reported. Neither of the two men had a personal or family history of affective disorder. In one man, hypomanic symptoms were caused by early HIV encephalopathy; he rapidly developed typical HIV dementia with a marked downhill course. In the second case, a clear connection between the hypomanic symptoms and direct HIV brain involvement was not established. PMID- 3167474 TI - Pica as a cause of death in three mentally handicapped men. AB - In Prudhoe Hospital, a large mental-handicap hospital of 1000 residents, it was found that of the 94 deaths that occurred between 1982 and 1986, three were closely associated with the habit of pica. These deaths occurred in severely and profoundly handicapped males, whose average age was 32, compared with an average age of death of 58 for the combined groups of severely and profoundly mentally handicapped patients (22 cases), and an average age of death of 60 for all degrees of handicap (94 cases). It seems likely that the habit of pica constitutes a cause of considerable morbidity and mortality in certain institutionalised patients. PMID- 3167475 TI - Shop-lifting as a symptom of stress in families of mentally handicapped persons. A case report. AB - A case of shop-lifting involving the father of a severely handicapped school leaver is described. The need to support families during the transition of the handicapped person from school to a work environment is emphasised. PMID- 3167476 TI - The mentally handicapped criminal offender. A 10-year study of two hospitals. AB - With mentally handicapped people now being moved into the community, information on mentally handicapped criminal offenders is valuable. A group of such offenders was examined by reviewing the case-notes of 92 patients referred on hospital order to two mental-handicap hospitals over 10 years. Compared with the general criminal population, these offenders' ages were higher, the ratio of male to female offenders was similar, and the proportion of married people was lower. The offences committed were for the most part serious, with a greater number of offences against property and public order in the subgroup whose intelligence were in the mentally handicapped range. Their tested intelligence fell almost entirely into the normal and mild mental-handicap range, suggesting that factors other than intelligence testing, such as social skills, were considered in their admission to the hospitals. PMID- 3167477 TI - Monosymptomatic hypochondriasis treated with a tricyclic antidepressant. AB - A case of a patient with monosymptomatic hypochondriasis exhibiting koro-like symptoms is reported. The patient did not respond to pimozide, but improved with a tricyclic antidepressant and has remained symptom-free for 1.5 years. PMID- 3167479 TI - Supportive psychotherapy: a contradiction in terms. PMID- 3167478 TI - Severe memory impairment with acute overdose lithium toxicity. A case report. AB - This report describes a young patient with acute overdose lithium toxicity, who developed severe memory impairment in spite of treatment with haemodialysis. His memory showed gradual recovery, but definite impairment could still be detected 2 months after the overdose. PMID- 3167480 TI - Screening for HIV. PMID- 3167481 TI - Therapeutic factors in in-patient psychotherapy groups. PMID- 3167482 TI - Psychotherapy and dysmorphophobia. PMID- 3167483 TI - ECT for depression in dementia. PMID- 3167484 TI - Dangerous delusions: violence and the misidentification syndromes. PMID- 3167485 TI - The need to compare the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs: in which patient populations? PMID- 3167486 TI - Barking mad. PMID- 3167487 TI - The dopamine hypothesis. PMID- 3167488 TI - Imipramine versus phenelzine in melancholias and dysthymic disorders. PMID- 3167489 TI - The motor disorders of severe psychiatric illness: a conflict of paradigms. PMID- 3167490 TI - Quinine psychosis. PMID- 3167491 TI - Bulimia nervosa in an atypical setting: case report from Nigeria. PMID- 3167492 TI - Mania following bereavement in a mentally handicapped man. PMID- 3167493 TI - Psychiatric Munchausen's syndrome: a college register. PMID- 3167494 TI - Migraine, insomnia, reactive depression due to brain serotonin deficiency. PMID- 3167495 TI - Dangerous delusions. Violence and the misidentification syndromes. AB - Among the mentally ill, those with well-developed delusions are more likely to commit violent crimes against persons than those with chronic, undifferentiated psychoses. Reports of violence associated with delusional misidentification are reviewed and four patients described who were either perpetrators or victims of assaults as a consequence of the syndromes of Fregoli, Intermetamorphosis, Subjective Doubles and Capgras. The cases illustrate the multiplicity of factors which have to be taken into consideration in order to predict whether an individual will act in a violent manner on these delusions. PMID- 3167496 TI - Goal-oriented group treatment for sexually abused adolescent girls. AB - This paper reports on goal-oriented group treatment for adolescent girls who have been sexually abused within the family. The treatment approach on which the therapeutic work was based and the treatment programme are described briefly. The group treatment was seen as part of a family approach to child sexual abuse in the family. The membership and structure of the group and the aims of treatment are described. Some characteristics of the specific group processes are detailed and illustrated by clinical examples. Clinical results on outcome and results from an independent follow-up study are described, and some relevant clinical issues are discussed. PMID- 3167497 TI - Vulnerability factors in the transition to university: self-reported mobility history and sex differences as factors in psychological disturbance. AB - A study was conducted on the psychological reaction to the transition to university in 198 first year residential students. Female subjects had higher levels of psychological disturbance and cognitive failure. Thirty-one per cent of the subjects reported experiencing homesickness. These subjects had higher levels of psychological disturbance and cognitive failure than non-homesick subjects. There were no sex differences in homesickness reporting. The non-homesick group were found to be more likely to have been away from home before either to attend boarding school or to take holidays. This suggests either that selective aspects of previous mobility experience are beneficial or that self-selection factors operate in that those who do not feel distress at leaving home are more likely to acquire mobility experience. PMID- 3167498 TI - Impossible objects and the things we do first in vision. AB - Interpreting an image involves postulating that it represents a structure drawn from some class C. Attention tends to focus on methods where C is large (e.g. 'rigid structures') or small (e.g. 'faces'). However scene analysis programs where C is intermediate have interesting properties. In particular it is often neither easy nor worthwhile to establish the full consequences of the postulates underlying analysis. The price of this incompleteness is that inconsistent interpretations are occasionally accepted. This parallels the psychological phenomenon of seeing 'Impossible Objects', so Impossible Objects may indicate that human vision too uses intermediate postulates and develops only a key subset of their implications. If this interpretation is correct, and demonstrations suggest that it is, then the particular pictures which cause us such problems should indicate what the relevant postulates are and to what level they are developed. Experiments and demonstrations suggest that the postulates concern angles between edges and that implications about edges' orientations, but not their depths, are automatically derived and checked. This makes sense ecologically and computationally. Ecologically, precise depth information would only help in cases involving improbable alignments. Computationally, a description of edge orientation paves the way to obtain various other types of information as required. PMID- 3167499 TI - Calendar calculating in 'idiots savants': how do they do it? AB - A number of mentally handicapped individuals are able to solve difficult calendar date problems such as specifying the day of the week for a particular date, sometimes over spans of more than 100 years. These individuals are self-taught and do not follow procedures at all similar to the usual, published, algorithms. An investigation of one individual revealed that he retained considerable information about the structure of days in particular months, probably as visual images. His skill closely depended on the extent and form of his knowledge of calendars, and his errors were often a consequence of lack of knowledge about a particular time period. Mentally retarded individuals who perform calendar-date feats are often socially withdrawn and devote considerable periods of time to calendar dates. The most capable calendar-date calculators are usually individuals who have a strong interest in calendars as such. PMID- 3167501 TI - Lactate and gas exchange responses to incremental and steady state running. AB - This study compared the oxygen uptake (VO2) and running velocity at which the lactate threshold (LT), the ventilatory threshold (VT), and the maximal lactate steady state (MSSLA), and the maximal VO2 steady state (MSSVO2) occurred in 11 trained male runners (mean age = 22.4 years, range 18-28 years). Each underwent an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion. The LT was defined by a systematic, continuous increase in arterialised venous blood lactate; the VT was determined by an abrupt rise in VE.VO2(-1) without an increase in VE.VCO2(-1). Each subject also completed a series of steady state treadmill runs of 20 minutes duration. The MSSLA was determined as the highest velocity and VO2 at which lactate concentration increased by less than 0.2 mmol.l-1 from minute 10 to minute 20. The MSSVO2 was determined as the highest velocity or VO2 at which a steady state in VO2 was not delayed for more than 3 minutes (with a steady state defined as VO2 within 0.2 l.min-1 of the average VO2 over the last 10 minutes of each test). Each subject also completed a 5 km time trial run to assess performance. No significant differences were found among the four variables expressed either as VO2 or velocity. Significant correlations were found between MSSLA and MSSVO2 (r = 0.74) expressed as VO2, and between MSSLA and MSSVO2 (r = 0.90), MSSVO2 and VT (r = 0.70) and MSSLA and VT (r = 0.67) expressed as velocity. A stepwise regression analysis found MSSLA (expressed as velocity) to be the best predictor of 5 km performance (r = 0.87). It was concluded that (a) MSSLA and MSSVO2 are closely related, and (b) MSSLA is a good predictor of performance and may be an important, objective measure of cardiorespiratory endurance capacity. PMID- 3167500 TI - The 'reverse-generation' effect: a comparison of memory performance between blind and sighted children. AB - Three studies are reported which investigate word priming and memory in congenitally blind and sighted children. Two conditions were of particular interest, a neutral condition, where children read aloud or repeated a word, and a generate condition, where children supplied a target word to a close semantic associate given as a cue. Later, memory for those items was tested and although the two groups did not differ in overall performance a marked interaction across group and condition was noted. The sighted children showed a significant 'generation' effect (Slamecka & Graf, 1978), where active involvement in a word task led to increased memory. In contrast, the congenitally blind remembered relatively less material when active participation was required, showing a 'reverse-generation' effect. The results are discussed with reference to the effect on memory of data and conceptually driven processing in the study phase. It is tentatively suggested that the congenitally blind may show different learning strategies from the sighted as a result of allocating more attention to sensory information processing. PMID- 3167503 TI - Heart rate and estimated energy expenditure during ballroom dancing. AB - Ten competitive ballroom dance couples performed simulated competitive sequences of Modern and Latin American dance. Heart rate was telemetered during the dance sequences and related to direct measures of oxygen uptake and heart rate obtained while walking on a treadmill. Linear regression was employed to estimate gross and net energy expenditures of the dance sequences. A multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures on the dance factor was applied to the data to test for interaction and main effects on the sex and dance factors. Overall mean heart rate values for the Modern dance sequence were 170 beats.min-1 and 173 beats.min-1 for males and females respectively. During the Latin American sequence mean overall heart rate for males was 168 beats.min-1 and 177 beats.min 1 for females. Predicted mean gross values of oxygen consumption for the males were 42.8 +/- 5.7 ml.kg-1 min-1 and 42.8 +/- 6.9 ml.kg-1 min-1 for the Modern and Latin American sequences respectively. Corresponding gross estimates of oxygen consumption for the females were 34.7 +/- 3.8 ml.kg-1 min-1 and 36.1 +/- 4.1 ml.kg-1 min-1. Males were estimated to expand 54.1 +/- 8.1 kJ.min-1 of energy during the Modern sequence and 54.0 +/- 9.6 kJ.min-1 during the Latin American sequence, while predicted energy expenditure for females was 34.7 +/- 3.8 kJ.min 1 and 36.1 +/- 4.1 kJ.min-1 for Modern and Latin American dance respectively. The results suggested that both males and females were dancing at greater than 80% of their maximum oxygen consumption. A significant difference between males and females was observed for predicted gross and net values of oxygen consumption (in L.min-1 and ml.kg-1 min-1). PMID- 3167502 TI - Iron deficiency in adolescent female dancers. AB - The iron balance of 25 adolescent dancers and 23 control females of the same age were studied. The concentrations of fasting blood haemoglobin, serum iron, serum transferrin and serum ferritin were determined. Iron supplementation (ferrous sulphate corresponding to 100 mg of elemental iron per day) was instigated if body iron stores were low (serum ferritin less than 30 micrograms.l-1). Blood samples were drawn again after ten weeks. Low haemoglobin concentration (blood haemoglobin less than 125 g.l-1) was more prevalent among dancers than among control subjects. Reduced iron stores as well as completely absent iron stores (serum ferritin concentration less than 12 micrograms.l-1) were equally common in both groups (25% of the subjects). Iron supplementation reduced the number of anaemic girls from 16 to 4 and the highly significant difference in haemoglobin level between the treated and untreated groups disappeared. Ten weeks of iron therapy was not, however, long enough to increase iron stores. PMID- 3167504 TI - Smoking and lung functions in sportsmen. AB - Ten smoker sportsmen and 17 non-smoker sportsmen and 41 smoker non-sportsmen were studied. Lung function was assessed by means of Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), the ratio of FEV1 to FVC (FEV1%) and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). For the smokers, all the tests were conducted before smoking (BS) and 30 min after smoking (AS) two cigarettes consecutively to observe the acute effect of smoking. In the smoker sportsmen there was no significant difference between BS and AS measures of lung function. Before smoking smoker sportsmen had lower values for FEV1, FEV1% and PEFR than non-smoker sportsmen (p less than 0.05). However, smoker sportsmen show higher BS values of FEV1 (p less than 0.01), FEV1% (p less than 0.01) and PEFR (p less than 0.05) compared with those of smoker non-sportsmen who had similar smoking indices. These results indicated that the smoker sportsmen, despite exhibiting some degree of lung function impairment in relation to non-smoker sportsmen, still maintained rather better lung function status than the smoker non sportsmen. PMID- 3167505 TI - Achilles paratendonitis: an evaluation of steroid injection. AB - A prospective, randomised, double-blind study of 28 patients presenting with Achilles paratendonitis was undertaken in order to evaluate the role of peritendonous injection of methy prednisolone acetate (Depo Medrone). At presentation patients were either administered peri-tendonous injection of 40 mgs of methyl prednisolone acetate suspended in 1 ml of 0.25% marcaine or 2 ml of 0.25% marcaine alone. Response was gauged by resolution of pain, tenderness and return to normal activity. Patients who failed to respond to initial treatment were crossed over to the other group at 12 weeks. All patients received standardised physiotherapy. Results indicate that peri-tendonous injection of methyl prednisolone acetate is of no value in Achilles paratendonitis. PMID- 3167506 TI - Lipids and platelet function in runners. AB - The effect of distance running on the fatty acid composition of platelet and erythrocyte membranes has been investigated, together with platelet aggregation and levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLc), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), total cholesterol and triglycerides in runners (n = 11) and healthy age-matched non-running controls (n = 12). Platelet aggregation and fatty acid composition of membrane lipids in both platelets and erythrocytes are similar in both groups with the following exceptions: in platelets docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 omega 3) is significantly higher in runners; in erythrocytes the fatty acids C20:3 omega 6/C22:1 omega 9 and C22:5 omega 3 are significantly higher in runners. There were no significant differences between the levels of HDLc, LDLc and total cholesterol in runners and controls although triglycerides were significantly lower in runners. Possible beneficial effects of running are probably mediated through effects on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, and probably not due to any antithrombotic effect of platelets. PMID- 3167508 TI - A sports medicine clinic in the community. AB - We report the attempt to set up a mini sports medicine clinic in a health centre resourced by a Department of Community Medicine. The type of problems seen are similar to those reported by other clinics. On the results of this pilot project, we believe it would be possible to establish similar clinics in health centres elsewhere in the United Kingdom. The National Health Service resources required are minimal, but the benefits to local communities are considerable. PMID- 3167510 TI - Eye injuries in squash. PMID- 3167511 TI - Closed intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures in sportsmen. PMID- 3167509 TI - The risks of injury in public ice skating. AB - A prospective survey has been made of the injuries to members of the public attending a well established ice rink in a major city. Comparison is made with series in the literature reporting high levels of injuries, with corresponding demands on local hospital services, from newly established ice rinks. The main conclusion is that demands on hospital services have been markedly reduced for the well established rink, with corresponding savings in health service resources. PMID- 3167512 TI - Limited mental capacities and perceived control in attribution of responsibility. AB - Two studies were conducted to examine the impact of a child's psychological disturbance on adults' judgements of causation, blame and punishment for action outcomes portrayed across Heider's levels. The effect of these levels on perceived control and the utility of perceived control in predicting judgements were also investigated. It was found that: (a) the psychological status of the child affected responses for a subset of Heider's levels but did not alter the pattern of responses across levels; and (b) responses were not affected by the existence of a psychological disorder per se but instead appeared to reflect inferences regarding the capacities influenced by the disorder. In addition, perceived control (c) increased across Heider's levels and (d) was more useful than previously investigated subjective probabilities in accounting for variance in perceived cause, blame and punishment. The probability of the act in the situation portrayed also accounted for a unique portion of the variance in the judgements made. The robustness of Heider's levels and a quantitative approach to his criteria are discussed. Finally, suggestions regarding the assessment of capacities necessary for being held accountable for one's actions are outlined. PMID- 3167513 TI - The relation between stable/unstable attribution and learned helplessness. AB - This study assessed the effects of stable/unstable attributions on subsequent task performance. In Expt 1, subjects were exposed to no-feedback, solvable or unsolvable problems in which they received instructions encouraging them to attribute the outcome to stable or unstable causes. In Expt 2, subjects were divided according to their attributional style for bad events into stable, non defined and unstable attributors and were exposed to no-feedback or unsolvable problems. Both experiments assessed subjects' performance in a subsequent solvable task. It was found that exposure to unsolvable problems worsened subsequent performance only for those subjects who attributed failure to stable causes. An attribution of failure to unstable causes prevented the detrimental effects of unsolvable problems on performance. The role of stability attributions is discussed in terms of Abramson, Seligman & Teasdale's reformulation of learned helplessness. PMID- 3167507 TI - Gastrointestinal disturbances in marathon runners. AB - The purpose of this survey was to investigate the prevalence of running-induced gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances in marathon runners. A questionnaire was completed by 471 of the estimated 1,750 competitors in the 1986 Belfast City Marathon. Eighty-three per cent of respondents indicated that they occasionally or frequently suffered one or more GI disturbances during or immediately after running. The urge to have a bowel movement (53%) and diarrhoea (38%) were the most common symptoms, especially among female runners (74% and 68% respectively). Upper GI tract symptoms were experienced more by women than men (p less than 0.05) and more by younger runners than older runners (p less than 0.01). Women also suffered more lower GI tract symptoms than men (p less than 0.05) with younger runners showing a similar trend. Both upper and lower tract symptoms were more common during a "hard" run than an "easy" run (p less than 0.01) and were equally as common both during and after running. Of those runners who suffered GI disturbances, 72% thought that running was the cause and 29% believed their performance to be adversely affected. There was no consensus among sufferers as to the causes of symptoms and a wide variety of "remedies" were suggested. GI disturbances are common amongst long-distance runners and their aetiology is unknown. Medical practitioners should be aware of this when dealing with patients who run. PMID- 3167514 TI - Perception of violence as a function of observer's ideology and actor's group membership. AB - This article examines how conservative and radical subjects explain and judge aggression perpetrated by institutional (i.e. policeman) or anomic (i.e. delinquents) agents. One hundred and twenty-nine university students in Lisbon, either very conservative or very radical, selected five causes out of a total of 30 to explain an aggressive act committed by a given actor toward an unknown victim in unspecified circumstances. Half of the causes were internal and half were external. Subjects also had to rate the amount of violence, the responsibility of the agent, and the potential punishment. In accordance with the hypotheses, conservative and radical subjects used different types of causes to explain the aggression of different actors and they judged the act differently according to the perpetrator. Moreover, for all subjects there was a significant correlation between perceived violence, responsibility and punishment. These judgements, however, correlated significantly with the type of attribution only in the case of conservative subjects: the more tolerant conservatives were, the more external causes they selected. These results are discussed in the light of the social dimensions most valued by observers of aggressive episodes. PMID- 3167515 TI - The role of contextual factors in the relationship between physical activity and self-awareness. AB - Previous research has indicated that performing arousing or unusual activities heightens self-awareness, as indexed by the use of first person singular pronouns in a sentence completion task (McDonald, Harris & Maher, 1983; Wegner & Giuliano, 1980; 1983). This type of self-awareness seems to reflect awareness of oneself as an individual. In the study reported here, we examined the impact of contextual factors on both awareness of oneself as an individual and awareness of oneself as a group member. The latter type of self-awareness was indexed by the use of first person plural pronouns. Subjects either ran or walked in place while in one of three contexts: (1) alone; (2) with co-actors present; or (3) in a group which fostered interaction and interdependence among participants. The results indicated that, relative to the other two contexts, the group context lowered self-awareness as indexed by the use of first person singular pronouns, but enhanced self-awareness as indexed by the use of first person plural pronouns. This is discussed in terms of the impact that social context has on different forms of self-awareness. PMID- 3167516 TI - A note on the effects of age and gender on children's social behaviour. AB - Observations of 40 3-4-year-olds' social behaviour in dyadic play show that total social behaviour towards opposite gender partners increases across this age range, while remaining constant for same gender partners. This finding partially replicates the results of an earlier study (Lloyd & Smith, 1986). In addition, analyses of three subcategories of social behaviour (prosocial, assertive and withdrawal) also yield partial replications. It is suggested that variations in procedure may account for differences between the two studies. PMID- 3167517 TI - Surgical nutrition: time for some clinical common sense. PMID- 3167518 TI - Acute surgical disease and scoring systems in daily surgical practice. PMID- 3167519 TI - Abdominal aortic aneurysm. AB - Between 1981 and 1986, 282 cases of abdominal aortic aneurysm were diagnosed in Waltham Forest. Rupture had occurred in 183, 15 underwent urgent operation for intact aneurysm, and 84 had elective surgery. The incidence of rupture increased from 13 to 21 per 100,000 population during the 6-year period. Operative mortality for patients with rupture was 54.7 per cent, but the mortality overall was 81.4 per cent. In 59 per cent of patients with rupture no operation was performed, and 35.0 per cent of all deaths occurred in the community. The mortality for rupture in women was significantly higher than in men, although the operative mortality was comparable. Fifty patients (27 per cent) were found to have attended hospital within 2 years of rupture and many had documented evidence of an aneurysm. One-third of all patients admitted with rupture were undiagnosed. This study complements the previous small number of community studies and suggests that the incidence of rupture is increasing nationally particularly in women, where the mortality was exceptionally high. Early elective surgery is the key to the problem and improved clinical awareness could save many patients without elaborate and expensive programmes to screen the 'at risk' population. PMID- 3167520 TI - Use of skin staples for fashioning colostomies. PMID- 3167521 TI - Reproducibility of reactive hyperaemia test in the measurement of peripheral arterial disease. AB - The reproducibility and sources of variation in ankle and brachial systolic pressures were determined for a reactive hyperaemia test used to assess peripheral arterial disease in the lower limbs. Thirty-six subjects had repeat measurements taken by four observers on two separate days using a Doppler probe and random zero sphygmomanometer. Ankle pressures were measured before and after 4 min of arterial occlusion above the knee. The 95 per cent confidence limits for a postocclusion reduction in pressure was approximately +/- 25 mmHg and for the postocclusion ankle-brachial ratio was +/- 20 per cent. The corresponding figures for the mean of four measurements taken by two observers on 2 days was approximately +/- 17 mmHg and +/- 13 per cent. In patients with vascular disease analysis of variance showed that the greatest sources of variation in the postocclusion ankle-brachial ratio were the 'biological' variations between subjects and between legs. But for postocclusion reductions in pressure, variability due to observers and repeat readings was as important as the 'biological' differences between subjects and legs. Thus, in respect of variability, the ratio may be a better parameter to detect differences between subjects. PMID- 3167522 TI - Perforated gastric ulcer. AB - A retrospective study is presented of 297 patients operated upon for perforated benign gastric ulcer in Denmark from 1975 to 1984. Male:female ratio was 0.9:1, mean age 64.2 years. The numbers of gastric and prepyloric perforations were almost equal (156:141), but gastric perforations were more frequent in elderly women and prepyloric perforations in younger men. Simple closure was performed in 83 per cent of the patients, gastric resection in 14 per cent and simple closure and vagotomy in 3 per cent. The postoperative mortality rate was 21 per cent and was related to the high proportion of elderly patients with concurrent diseases and delayed treatment. PMID- 3167523 TI - Value of endoscopic surveillance in the detection of neoplastic change in Barrett's oesophagus. AB - Fifty-six patients with Barrett's oesophagus diagnosed between 1977 and 1986 were prospectively studied by 6-monthly endoscopic surveillance and biopsy. During follow-up to-date, four patients have developed high-grade dysplasia and three have adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. Two of the adenocarcinomas were preceded by progressively severe dysplastic changes but in the third no dysplasia had been previously detected. The incidence of adenocarcinoma was 1 per 56 patient-years of follow-up. Changes in symptomatology or gross endoscopic appearances were usually absent, even after adenocarcinoma had developed, indicating that biopsy is essential for early diagnosis. The high risk of malignant change makes endoscopic surveillance advisable in all patients with Barrett's oesophagus. PMID- 3167524 TI - DNA ploidy pattern and tumour spread in gastric cancer. AB - The DNA ploidy pattern of gastric cancer was studied in 58 patients to investigate the heterogeneity between primary tumour and metastases. In both primary tumours and lymph node metastases, diploid patterns accounted for 33 per cent, whereas all liver metastases were aneuploid. The percentage of polyploid cells was higher in the liver metastases than in primary tumours and lymph node metastases. When the heterogeneity of DNA ploidy pattern between primary tumour and metastasis was evaluated, diploid tumours had a significantly lower rate of lymph node metastasis heterogeneity than aneuploid tumours. When the DNA ploidy pattern and survival were evaluated, the patients who had a diploid pattern in both primary tumour and metastasis had a significantly higher survival rate than the patients who had an aneuploid pattern in the primary tumour and metastasis (57 per cent versus 26 per cent at 5 years). These data suggest that cell heterogeneity is a common phenomenon in gastric cancer, and this may be important in the evolution of the disease. Furthermore, the role of the DNA ploidy pattern as a prognostic factor is emphasized. PMID- 3167525 TI - Reconstruction after excision of soft tissue sarcomas of the limbs and trunk. AB - From a retrospective analysis of 180 surgical interventions for soft tissue sarcoma of the limbs and trunk, it was concluded that complete excision of the tumour can usually be achieved without sacrifice of major artery, vein, nerve or bone. In this series five major arteries were resected but only one required reconstruction. None of six resected major veins or seven resected nerves were reconstructed. Bone resection in the limb required plating in only two of eleven patients who had limb-sparing resection (there were nine amputations). Both in the limbs and the thorax, resection of bone often involved such a wide excision of the superficial soft tissues as to require a flap repair: four were used in the limbs and three in five chest wall resections. In the majority of operations (140/180) primary wound closure was possible. After 15 procedures for tumour predominantly involving the superficial tissues, split skin grafts were used. These were generally successful (13/15), even occasionally when high-dose radiotherapy had been given. In 16 cases earlier radiotherapy influenced the decision to use a flap repair. A total of 18 flap repairs were performed. In various situations Mersiline mesh (Ethicon, Ltd., UK), Silastic implants and omental swings were used. Wound breakdown in heavily irradiated tissues presented a major challenge for reconstruction. Although major reconstruction was required in only 27 operations (15 per cent), a thorough knowledge of the available methods of reconstruction and repair is essential to allow uninhibited resection with an optimal aesthetic and functional result. PMID- 3167526 TI - Assessment of the analgesic efficacy of nefopam hydrochloride after upper abdominal surgery: a study using patient controlled analgesia. AB - A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed to assess the analgesic efficacy of intramuscular nefopam hydrochloride after upper abdominal surgery. Patients received either 20 mg nefopam (n = 23) or matching placebo (n = 26), 90 min before surgery, immediately after surgery, and 6, 12 and 18 h after the end of surgery. The 24-h morphine requirements were measured using a patient controlled analgesia system delivering on-demand intravenous bolus doses of morphine. Pain was assessed using visual analogue scales. Patients receiving nefopam had a mean (+/- s.e.m.) cumulative morphine consumption of 4.1 +/- 0.8 mg in the first hour, compared with 8.5 +/- 0.8 mg in the control group (P less than 0.01). After 24 h the consumptions were 44.1 +/- 7.2 mg and 62.5 +/- 6.9 mg respectively (P less than 0.05). The pain scores in both groups were similar. This study confirms that nefopam hydrochloride has significant analgesic effects and would be a useful supplement to morphine in the management of postoperative pain. PMID- 3167528 TI - Pre-operative diagnosis of non-strangulated obturator hernia: the contribution of herniography. PMID- 3167527 TI - Prophylactic antibiotics in elective colorectal surgery. AB - A randomized prospective study was conducted on 194 patients who underwent elective colorectal surgery for carcinoma. All patients received the same mechanical bowel preparation. In addition, patients in group A received oral neomycin and erythromycin base; patients in group B received systemic metronidazole and gentamicin, while patients in group C received both oral and systemic antibiotics. Postoperative septic complications related to colorectal surgery occurred in 27.4 per cent, 11.9 per cent and 12.3 per cent respectively in groups A, B and C (chi 2 = 7; P less than 0.05). The incidence of sepsis in groups B and C was almost identical. Patients who received oral antibiotics alone (group A) had significantly higher risks of postoperative sepsis when compared with patients in either group B or group C (P less than 0.05). As there is no additional advantage of combining oral and systemic antibiotics, we recommend systemic metronidazole and gentamicin to be used with mechanical bowel preparation in elective colorectal surgery. PMID- 3167529 TI - Delayed external sphincter repair for obstetric tear. AB - In some patients with faecal incontinence due to an obstetric tear of the external and sphincter there is additional weakness of the anal sphincter muscles from damage to the innervation of these muscles during delivery. Of 19 patients who required surgical repair of an obstetric sphincter tear some months or years after injury, 9 (47 per cent) had evidence of pudendal nerve damage at pre operative anorectal physiological investigation. The result of surgical repair was excellent or good in eight of the ten patients in whom there was no evidence of nerve damage, while this was the case in only one of the nine patients with nerve damage. These results are significantly different (P = 0.018). Thus the functional result of delayed anal sphincter repair after obstetric lesions is partly dependent upon whether the nerve supply is intact. Pre-operative physiological evaluation can give information on the probability of a successful surgical result. PMID- 3167531 TI - Influence of pancreatic resection on systemic complications in acute necrotizing pancreatitis. AB - The influence of pancreatic resection on early systemic complications of acute necrotizing pancreatitis was evaluated in 84 patients. The aetiology of pancreatitis was alcohol 71 per cent, gallstones 13 per cent, alcohol plus gallstones 2 per cent, trauma 1 per cent and idiopathic 12 per cent. A total of 26 of 81 patients (32 percent) had greater than 50 per cent pancreatic necrosis and 9 patients (11 per cent) considered to have parenchymal necrosis at operation had none shown histologically. The overall mortality was 38/84 (45 per cent) and mortality during the first postoperative week was 15/84 (18 per cent). The outcome after early and delayed operation did not differ significantly. Pancreatic resection had no beneficial effect on shock or respiratory or renal failure (respective pre-operative incidence 12 per cent, 11 per cent and 14 per cent). PMID- 3167530 TI - Blood transfusion and infectious complications following colorectal cancer surgery. AB - Blood transfusion has been linked to clinical phenomena attributable to immune suppression. We prospectively studied the relationship between perioperative blood transfusion and postoperative infectious complications in 343 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. Of the 134 patients who received transfusions 33 (24.6 per cent) developed infectious complications compared with 9 (4.3 per cent) of the 209 patients who did not receive blood (P less than 0.0001). The mean number of units of blood received by patients who developed infectious complications significantly exceeded the number for patients without infectious complications (2.31 versus 0.74, P less than 0.0001). The association of transfusion with infections was highly significant (P less than 0.0001) after controlling for age, sex, blood loss, procedure, tumour differentiation, stage, admission haematocrit, duration of surgery, length of the specimen and tumour size. Blood transfusion appears to be an independent risk factor for postoperative infectious complications. PMID- 3167532 TI - Primary anoplasty with skin flaps in posterior sagittal anorectoplasty. PMID- 3167534 TI - Choledochal cyst: a 33-year review. AB - We present 13 patients who were seen at Glasgow hospitals over a 33-year period. Only five (38 per cent) were children. Of the eight adults, two had complications of the cyst at presentation, namely biliary cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma respectively. Another adult patient developed a carcinoma in the cyst 9 years after internal drainage. The incidence of malignant change in the series was therefore 15 per cent. Only five patients have remained well after surgery: three had complete excision and two internal drainage. Of the eight other patients, one had complete excision, five had internal drainage, one had partial excision and one had cholecystectomy and (years later) sphincterotomy. We believe that excision of the cyst is the treatment of choice. PMID- 3167533 TI - Gallbladder non-filling: an indication for cholecystectomy after endoscopic sphincterotomy. AB - The place of endoscopic sphincterotomy in the treatment of common duct stones leaving the gallbladder in situ remains controversial. Over a 3-year period, 20 elderly high-operative-risk patients with stones in the common duct and intact biliary tree were treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy leaving the gallbladder in situ. Two patients underwent cholecystectomy for persistent symptoms after endoscopic sphincterotomy, and 18 patients were discharged from hospital, with the gallbladder intact. Of the 18 patients, 6 developed recurrent gallbladder problems, with 3 of the 6 dying as a result of these problems. On review of our data, these six patients were in a group of eight who, at the time of original endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC), were shown to have an obstructed cystic duct. The other 10 patients, with a patent cystic duct and discharged with gallbladder in situ, remained symptom free over a median follow-up period of 9 (range 2-42) months. We conclude that if the gallbladder does not fill at ERC (indicating probable cystic duct obstruction), cholecystectomy is warranted. When the gallbladder fills, regular follow-up alone is justified in the absence of symptoms. PMID- 3167535 TI - Ischaemic atrophy of the cervical portion of a substernal colic transplant: successful reconstruction using a synthetic resorbable tube. PMID- 3167536 TI - Benign disease of the common bile duct. AB - The incidence of common bile duct (CBD) pathology in a group of patients with benign biliary disease (n = 505) was found to be 23.2 per cent. The spectrum included 111 patients (90.2 per cent) with CBD stones, 37 of whom (33.3 per cent) had no symptoms or findings pre-operatively indicating CBD involvement. Five patients had papillary stenosis, three had postoperative CBD strictures, one had a choledochal cyst and one had an external biliary fistula. Of the 100 CBDs measuring more than 10 mm in diameter, 90 harboured calculi. In the remaining 23 CBDs measuring less than 10 mm, calculi were present in 21. The presence of CBD calculi was demonstrated by intra-operative cholangiography in 49 patients. In the remaining patients (n = 74), the diagnosis of CBD pathology was made either by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography, T-tube cholangiography or peroperative palpation. The surgical procedures performed included choledochotomy and T-tube drainage (n = 74), transduodenal sphincteroplasty (n = 27) and choledochoduodenostomy (n = 18). The overall mortality and morbidity of CBD exploration was 3.3 per cent and 24.4 per cent respectively, which was significantly greater than that for cholecystectomy alone (0.3 per cent and 8.6 per cent respectively). Transduodenal sphincteroplasty carried a much higher mortality (11 per cent) and morbidity (52 per cent) when compared with other procedures. PMID- 3167537 TI - Standardization of the surgical technique in breast-conserving treatment of mammary cancer. AB - A number of designations--for example excision, wide excision, lumpectomy, tylectomy, extended tylectomy, partial mastectomy, tumorectomy, segmental resection and quadrantectomy--have been applied to operative procedures aimed at treating mammary carcinoma with preservation of the breast. None of them, however, has been explicitly linked to a defined surgical technique and there is no consensus about the terminology. We propose a simple classification system for breast-conserving procedures, which can facilitate the communication between surgeons and the interpretation and exchange of scientific data. We also describe a strictly defined and locally radical partial mastectomy--a sector resection- which has been used at several centres in Sweden for more than 5 years with a favourable outcome so far in terms of local tumour control and the cosmetic result. PMID- 3167538 TI - Superior laryngeal nerve injury: an overlooked entity in the surgery of the head and neck. PMID- 3167539 TI - Lympho-epithelial 'branchial' cysts within the parotid gland. PMID- 3167541 TI - Colorectal neoplasms in the elderly. PMID- 3167540 TI - Penetrating injuries of the diaphragm. AB - This study involved 163 patients with penetrating injuries of the diaphragm (knife, 139; bullet, 24). Intra-abdominal injuries were present in 122 patients (75 per cent) and this resulted in early diagnosis and treatment of the associated diaphragmatic injury (mortality 3.2 per cent). In the remaining 41 patients (25 per cent) the injury was confined to the diaphragm, and the diagnosis was missed during the initial admission in 10 patients who returned at a later stage with diaphragmatic hernia. A diaphragmatic hernia was found in 24 cases (14.7 per cent). Fourteen of these were diagnosed during the initial admission (mortality 7.1 per cent) and the remaining ten were diagnosed during a subsequent admission (mortality 30 per cent). The initial chest radiograph was diagnostic of diaphragmatic injury in 13 per cent, abnormal but not diagnostic in 76 per cent, and completely normal in 11 per cent. The importance of early diagnosis in reducing mortality, morbidity and hospital stay is emphasized. A high index of suspicion, careful clinical examination, and serial chest radiographs remain the best way of making the diagnosis. PMID- 3167542 TI - Extended abdominal rectopexy. PMID- 3167543 TI - Internal jugular vein cannulation. PMID- 3167544 TI - Tubulovillous neoplasms of the duodenum. PMID- 3167545 TI - Ampullary carcinoma. PMID- 3167546 TI - Whither disease control in poultry? PMID- 3167547 TI - Update on mastitis. I. Control measures in England and Wales. How have they influenced incidence and aetiology? PMID- 3167548 TI - The economics of veterinary services: a perspective. PMID- 3167549 TI - Computers in dairy farm management. PMID- 3167550 TI - Ammonium-ferric-cyano-ferrate(II) (AFCF) as an effective antidote against radiocaesium burdens in domestic animals and animal derived foods. PMID- 3167551 TI - Parasites of dogs in Kabul, Afghanistan. PMID- 3167552 TI - Isolation of obligate anaerobic and some other bacteria from equine purulent lesions. PMID- 3167553 TI - The effects of Trypanosoma congolense infection on the oestrous cycle of the Boran cow. PMID- 3167555 TI - Association of the early stage of the subclinical form of atrophic rhinitis with hypothyroidism in growing pigs. PMID- 3167554 TI - The effect of Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma congolense infections on the reaction time and semen characteristics in the zebu bull. PMID- 3167556 TI - Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from quails: an initial report. PMID- 3167557 TI - Efferent projections from the anterior nucleus of the solitary tract of the hamster. AB - The efferent projections from the anterior nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) were determined using both anterograde and retrograde techniques. Injections of [3H]leucine were made into the anterior NST in regions responsive to gustatory stimulation of the anterior tongue. Ascending projections to the parabrachial nuclei (PBN) were evident as were projections within the NST and subjacent reticular formation. The cells of origin for both ascending and descending pathways were characterized by deposits of HRP into the PBN and caudal medulla. Cells projecting to the PBN were located in the dorsal and dorsolateral anterior NST in contrast to cells from the ventral region of the anterior NST which project within the medulla. Neurons in the reticular formation ventral to the anterior NST project to both regions. These local projections adjacent to oral motor nuclei provide an anatomical basis for the anterior nucleus of the solitary tract to influence oro-motor responses. PMID- 3167558 TI - [3H]GBR-12935 binding to dopamine uptake sites in the human brain. AB - The binding of the selective dopamine uptake inhibitor [3H]GBR-12935 to post mortem human brain membranes was studied. Competition experiments indicated the presence of multiple binding sites, but when a binding fraction that could be discriminated by either 0.3 microM mazindol or 1 mM dopamine was regarded as specific binding, a single-site binding model was obtained. The [3H]GBR-12935 binding was of protein nature since it was abolished after protease treatment and the binding appeared to label the dopamine uptake site. This was supported by the findings that dopamine uptake inhibitors inhibited the binding with high affinity (Ki 30-130 nM), whereas substances active at dopamine D1, D2 or autoreceptor sites revealed much lower affinities (Ki greater than 10 microM or inactive). Moreover, dopamine was the neurotransmitter with the highest affinity for the [3H]GBR-12935 binding site (Ki 30 microM). The dopaminergic nature of the [3H]GBR 12935 binding was further indicated by its regional distribution, which largely corresponds the known distribution of the dopamine system in the rat brain. The highest binding densities were obtained in the caudate nucleus and putamen (Bmax 1500-2000 fmol/mg protein), followed by the olfactory tubercle (Bmax 900 fmol/mg protein) and the substantia nigra (Bmax 300 fmol/mg protein). The apparent binding affinity (Kd) was the same in all brain regions (Kd 1-1.5 nM). Detectable specific [3H]GBR-12935 binding was obtained also in the globus pallidus, amygdala and cortices of orbital/rectus and cingulate gyri. Drug inhibition studies with the addition of low concentrations of dopamine and mazindol produced only alterations in the apparent Kd values, suggesting a competitive inhibition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167559 TI - Septal vasopressin modulates social memory in male rats. AB - Adult male rats that are confronted with a sexually immature conspecific display a dramatic reduction in investigatory behavior upon re-exposure to the same juvenile when this exposure takes place 30 min after the initial exposure, but not when it is delayed by an interval of 2 h. This behavioral change may be used to measure the duration of the memory that the test animal forms of the stimulus animal. Vasopressin injected directly into the lateral septum of adult male rats at a dose of 0.1 ng facilitated this form of memory, whereas local injection of a specific hydrophilic vasopressor antagonist, desGlyNH2d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, impaired it. These findings suggest that vasopressinergic innervation of the lateral septum may be physiologically involved in the modulation of social memory in male rats. PMID- 3167560 TI - Thalamic nuclei that project to reptilian telencephalon lack GABA and GAD immunoreactive neurons and puncta. AB - Brains of reptiles, Caiman crocodilus, were processed by standard immunocytochemical methodology using a polyclonal antibody to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) raised in rabbit and a polyclonal antibody to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) raised in sheep. No GABA(+) or GAD(+) cells or puncta were observed over any thalamic nucleus known to project to the telencephalon in Caiman. These findings suggest that all thalamic nuclei that project to the telencephalon in Caiman lack intrinsic cells and presumably direct inhibitory input mediated by GABA. PMID- 3167561 TI - Metabolism of glutamate and ammonia in astrocyte: an immunocytochemical study. AB - Alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) reductive amination activity in rat brain was found to be mostly absorbed with an antibody against liver glutamate dehydrogenase. With this and anti-glutamine synthetase antibodies, alpha-KG reductive amination activity was immunocytochemically shown to coexist with glutamine synthetase activity in astrocytes. The results suggest that astrocytes de novo synthesize glutamate from alpha-KG and ammonia, and metabolize it to glutamine. PMID- 3167562 TI - Synaptic action of layer I fibers on cells in cat striate cortex. AB - The synaptic action of layer I (LI) and white matter (WM) fibers in cat striate cells was studied intracellularly in slice preparations. LI stimulation produced excitation only in layer II-III and V cells, and inhibition broadly in layer II VI cells. WM stimulation produced both excitation and inhibition in most cortical cells. Kynurenate, a glutamate antagonist, strongly depressed WM-evoked excitation, but it left LI-evoked excitation considerably unaffected. PMID- 3167563 TI - Motor cortical cell discharge during voluntary gait modification. AB - Kinematic and electromyographic data were recorded together with motor cortical cell discharge during a task which required the cat to modify its gait in order to step over 3 different types of obstacles fixed to a moving treadmill belt. In order to negotiate the obstacles the cat made large adjustments in limb trajectory which were associated with equally large changes in forelimb flexor muscle activity. Sixteen of 57 identified pyramidal tract neurones recorded from area 4 of two cats increased their peak discharge rate during this gait adjustment. It is suggested that the motor cortex plays a role in adjusting the flexor muscle activity to the requirements of the locomotor task. PMID- 3167564 TI - Electrical stimulation of primary olfactory nerve induces two types of variations in the extracellular potassium activity within the glomerulus of the rat olfactory bulb in vivo. AB - Primary olfactory nerve stimulation induces a two-step increase in extracellular potassium, as recorded by K+-sensitive microelectrodes inserted into single glomeruli of the rat olfactory bulb. The second rise in K+ (K-peak) occurs in a graded, activity-dependent manner at the basal pole of the glomerular neuropile. This phenomenon appears to be directly related to the rate of extracellular K+ accumulation and is accompanied by a substantial depression of the mitral cell firing rate. PMID- 3167565 TI - Plasma catecholamines in conscious rabbits after central administration of vasopressin. AB - Arterial levels of epinephrine (E) were significantly raised for all times sampled, after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of arginine vasopressin (AVP) (1 nmol) into conscious rabbits. Venous levels of norepinephrine (NE) were significantly raised within the first 4 min after a similar i.c.v. injection of AVP. The significant increases in arterial E and venous NE correspond in time and therefore could account for changes in heart rate and blood pressure elicited by centrally injected AVP. Therefore, AVP could influence cardiovascular function by increasing the activity of the sympatho-adrenomedullary system. PMID- 3167566 TI - The influence of ambient temperature on sleep characteristics in the aged cat. AB - Sleep characteristics were compared in young adult and aged cats over a range of environmental temperatures from 5 to 35 degrees C. Although both groups exhibited sleep disruptions as ambient temperatures decreased, transient arousals were increased at temperature extremes in the aged group compared to young adults. Declining efficiency of thermoregulatory control and increased sensitivity to environmental temperature in the elderly may contribute to the changes in sleep quality which occur during the aging process. PMID- 3167567 TI - Adenosine deaminase-'like' immunoreactivity in cerebellar Purkinje cells of rat. AB - The localization of adenosine deaminase (ADA) throughout the rat CNS was investigated immunohistochemically with 5 different affinity purified polyclonal antibody preparations against ADA. Except in the cerebellum, identical immunostaining patterns of ADA-immunoreactivity were observed with all 5 antibodies. In the cerebellum, Purkinje cells and presumptive swellings on their axons were immunostained by only one of the 5 antibodies. Preabsorption with purified ADA abolished immunostaining with all 5 antibodies. Biochemical tests showed that the Km for substrate, the specific activity of immunoprecipitable enzyme and the isozymic characteristics of cerebellar ADA was not different from ADA in whole brain or several other brain regions examined. The atypical immunohistochemical behavior of cerebellar ADA, despite its biochemical similarity to ADA elsewhere in the brain, suggests that the enzyme in the cerebellum has some unique features which must be taken into account when considering its possible role in regulating the neuromodulatory actions of adenosine in the cerebellar cortex. PMID- 3167568 TI - Use of bromodeoxyuridine-immunohistochemistry to examine the proliferation, migration and time of origin of cells in the central nervous system. AB - The use of an exogenously administered thymidine analog, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), for studies of the proliferation, migration and time of origin of cells in the cerebral cortex was investigated and compared with [3H]thymidine [( 3H]dT) autoradiography. Pregnant rats or mice were injected with BrdU and/or [3H]dT and processed by standard immunohistochemical techniques using a primary antibody directed against BrdU in single-stranded DNA, autoradiographic methods, or both. In animals that survived only 1 h after the injection, BrdU-positive cells were distributed in the proliferative zones throughout the central nervous system (CNS). In animals killed 1-3 days after the BrdU injection, intensely immunoreactive cells were in the superficial cortical plate and less intensely labeled cells were scattered throughout the deep cortical plate, the intermediate zone, and the germinal zones. In adult animals, 60 days or more after an injection of BrdU on GD 19, BrdU-positive cells were located in layer II/III of neocortex, the hippocampal pyramidal layer, and the granule layer of the dentate gyrus. In the double-labeling studies, the distribution of BrdU-immunoreactive cells was identical to that of autoradiographically labeled cells, and all autoradiographically labeled neurons were BrdU positive. Thus, BrdU immunohistochemistry is suitable for developmental studies of the CNS; moreover, it provides several advantages over [3H]dT autoradiography. PMID- 3167570 TI - Differential quenching and limits of resolution in autoradiograms of brain tissue labeled with 3H-, 125I- and 14C-compounds. AB - Problems in interpretation of autoradiograms generated by ligand binding in brain tissue may be caused by two types of technical limitations: the differential absorption of 3H-generated emissions within the tissue (differential quenching) and the reduced resolution when 125I and 14C are used as isotopes. In the course of our ongoing receptor binding studies in primate brain, we have examined these methodological problems using neocortex of adult rhesus monkey as an example of a complex multilayered brain structure. We have compared: (1) film images produced by brain sections mounted on 3H- and 14C-labeled plastic; (2) autoradiograms of sections labeled with pairs of similar compounds containing 3H, 125I or 14C; and (3) autoradiograms of normal and defatted brain sections. The results indicate that differential absorption of 3H-generated emissions presents a genuine problem for film autoradiography of neocortex of adult monkey when 3H-compounds are used. Particularly significant attenuations of 3H-generated emissions are associated with sublayer IVb of primary visual cortex (Brodmann's are 17) and layers III (deep strata), V and VI of primary motor cortex (Brodmann's area 4). This study provides the necessary corrections for autoradiographic measurements. We also found a loss of resolution associated with use of 125I and 14C, a result that poses a significant problem for analysis of fine laminar patterns of the neocortex in adult monkeys. The use of isotopes with high energy emissions tends to decrease the variations in optical densities within the autoradiograms of cortical sections. Thus, the variations in optical density of autoradiograms of cortices labeled with 125I- and 14C-compounds may not represent the true distribution of these compounds. PMID- 3167569 TI - Conditioning lesions of peripheral nerves change regenerated axon numbers. AB - The present study investigates the effects of conditioning lesions on regenerated axon numbers in tributary nerves after a test lesion. If a rat sciatic nerve is crushed 7 and 14 days prior to a test crush, the numbers of regenerated myelinated axons 8 weeks later in the sural nerve (SN) and nerve to the medial gastrocnemius (NMG) are increased, both over normal and over numbers after a single crush. If the lesions are only separated by 2 days, however, the numbers are similar to the numbers after a single crush. Thus conditioning occurs, but a minimum time between crushes is necessary for the effects of conditioning to be manifest. If the intervals between lesions are 14 days, the numbers are similar to those after the 7-day intervals. Moving each successive crush proximally or distally does not change regenerated myelinated axon numbers. Thus increasing the time between lesions after conditioning occurs, at least within the constraints of our paradigm, does not change regenerated axon numbers and the location of the lesion has relatively little bearing on the numbers of axons that regenerate. These findings allow us to change axonal numbers in these tributary nerves in a predictable way, and they are also compatible with the hypothesis that conditioning results from priming of the cell body rather than changes in the environment of the regenerating axons. PMID- 3167571 TI - A chloride-dependent component of the release of labeled GABA and taurine from the chick retina. AB - The characteristics and ionic dependence of the release of [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid ([3H]GABA) and [3H]taurine from the chick retina, stimulated by kainic acid (KA) and by depolarizing concentrations of potassium was examined and compared to those of [3H]dopamine. KA (100 microM) highly stimulated the release of [3H]GABA (25-fold over resting efflux), induced a moderate increase in [3H]taurine and did not increase the efflux of [3H]dopamine. The efflux of [3H]GABA stimulated by KA was totally calcium-independent but it was markedly sodium and chloride dependent. Chloride dependence was assessed by replacing chloride with the impermeant anion gluconate, or by addition of the anion transport blocker 4,4' diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS). Depolarizing concentrations of KCl (56 mM) stimulated the release of [3H]GABA, [3H]taurine and [3H]dopamine to about the same extent. The release of [3H]GABA and [3H]taurine was only partially calcium dependent, in contrast to the highly calcium-dependent efflux of [3H]dopamine. A sodium-free medium increased the resting efflux and decreased the potassium-stimulated release of [3H]GABA and [3H]taurine; the resting efflux of [3H]dopamine was unaffected and the potassium-induced efflux was somewhat increased. The potassium-stimulated efflux of [3H]GABA and [3H]taurine showed a chloride-dependent component which was higher for taurine whereas the resting efflux was not modified. The stimulated release of [3H]dopamine was increased in a chloride-free medium. The ionic dependence of KA and potassium stimulated efflux of [3H]GABA and [3H]taurine showed properties similar to those of the homoexchange-activated efflux of amino acids which was also found sodium and chloride dependent and clearly different from the calcium-coupled neurotransmitter release process. Exposure of retinas to KA and potassium produced retinal cell swelling which is prevented in a chloride-free medium. Results are discussed in terms of a particular efflux mechanism for [3H]GABA and [3H]taurine in the retina in response to stimulation associated with changes in ionic gradients and retinal cell swelling. PMID- 3167572 TI - Recovery from perseverative behavior after entorhinal cortex lesions in rats. AB - In a previous investigation we observed that entorhinal cortex lesions produce an impairment in spatial alternation characterized by repeated responses in one direction (i.e. 'perseveration'). Since this impairment disappears at the same time when the dentate gyrus is reinnervated by several of its remaining afferents, recovery from perseveration and sprouting may be related. To test this possibility, we examined the performance of two groups of rats with bilateral entorhinal lesions: one group began testing for retention of an alternation task on day 2 after the lesions; the other group began on day 12 (i.e. the time at which hippocampal sprouting occurs). Both groups exhibited significantly greater perseveration than their respective sham-operated groups over the first 6-12 days of testing. Thus, postoperative testing was required to facilitate the shift from perseverative to non-perseverative responding independent of the time at which sprouting in the dentate gyrus became established. PMID- 3167573 TI - Anticonvulsant activity of deaminated analogues of glutamic acid diethyl ester (GDEE). AB - GDEE, a specific but low-potency antagonist of the quisqualate or 'Type 2' excitatory amino acid receptor, blocks seizures induced by homocysteine and quisqualic acid. Deaminated analogues of GDEE were examined for anticonvulsant activity in mice, for the purpose of determining the structural properties of GDEE required for anticonvulsant activity. The deaminated derivative of GDEE, diethyl glutarate (5 carbon chain) inhibited homocysteine thiolactone (HTL) induced seizures with an ED50 of 533 mg/kg. A similar compound with carbon chain length increased by two (diethyl pimelate; 7 carbons) was less effective. Decreases or further increases in carbon chain length resulted in a nearly complete loss of activity. Dimethyl glutarate (5 carbons) and dimethyl adipate (6 carbons) were similar to diethyl glutarate in potency, blocking HTL-induced seizures with ED50s of about 625 and 540 mg/kg, respectively. Diethyl ethylmalonate, diethyl maleate, and diethyl fumarate were much less effective. Diethyl glutarate, but not diethyl succinate (4 carbons), blocked seizures induced by intracerebral quisqualic acid. None of the agents tested blocked pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. Thus a number of deaminated structural variants of GDEE have anticonvulsant activity equal to that of GDEE. The amino group of GDEE appears therefore to be irrelevant for its anticonvulsant effect. PMID- 3167574 TI - Caffeine elevates reinforcement threshold for electrical brain stimulation: tolerance and withdrawal changes. AB - Caffeine dose-dependently increased the reinforcement threshold for electrical self-stimulation of the brain in rats, which is opposite to the effect of other behavioral stimulants. Tolerance to this effect of caffeine developed rapidly with daily drug administration. Abrupt cessation of daily drug treatment was followed by decreases in reinforcement threshold and response rate lasting 24-48 h, changes consistent with a drug withdrawal phenomenon. Because caffeine has the characteristics of a drug of abuse, these results question the generality of hypotheses relating the abuse potential of a drug to its ability to sensitize brain reward systems. PMID- 3167575 TI - Types and distribution of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-immunoreactive neurons in mouse motor cortex. AB - Neuronal structures in mouse motor cortex that contain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), were identified by an immunocytochemical method, using an antiserum to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). GAD-positive cell bodies occurred in all layers of the motor cortex, but were more concentrated in layers III and VI. GAD positive puncta, presumably axon terminals, were also distributed throughout the cortical layers; a high density of puncta occurred in layer III, whereas a somewhat lower density characterized layer VI. Based on the shapes of their somata and dendritic trees we concluded that all GAD-positive cells were of the non-pyramidal type. PMID- 3167576 TI - Immunohistochemical and biochemical evidence for the presence of serotonin in amphibian adrenal chromaffin cells. AB - The presence of serotonin (5-HT) in chromaffin cells of the frog adrenal (inter renal) gland has been demonstrated both by immunocytochemical and biochemical techniques. Using antisera against 5-HT and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) on consecutive sections, we found by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique that a majority of chromaffin cells were also immunopositive for 5-HT. When antibodies to 5-HT and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) were applied on consecutive sections, 5-HT-like immunoreactivity was observed in almost all epinephrine-producing cells which represented about 90% of the total chromaffin cells. No 5-HT-containing fibres could be detected. At the ultrastructural level, using a pre-embedding procedure associated with gold silver intensification of the immunoperoxidase reaction, 5-HT-immunoreactivity was visualized in secretory vesicles essentially located in the periphery of epinephrine cells. Combination of high performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection showed the presence of both 5-HT and its metabolite 5 hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) in frog adrenal extracts. Transection of the splanchnic nerve enhanced 5-HT immunoreactivity and augmented the amount of 5-HT in adrenal extracts. Taken together, these results indicate that epinephrine producing cells of the frog adrenal contain significant amounts of serotonin. The observation of the storage of 5-HT in secretory vesicles of epinephrine cells suggests that serotonin may be released with catecholamines under stress conditions. PMID- 3167577 TI - Unmyelinated corticospinal axons in adult rat pyramidal tract. An electron microscopic tracer study. AB - The aim of the present study was to provide experimental ultrastructural evidence for a corticospinal component in the adult rat pyramidal tract (PT). For this purpose, the entire sensorimotor and frontal cortex of the left hemisphere was labelled using the anterograde tracer horseradish-peroxidase (HRP). Six months old rats were sacrificed 24 or 48 h after implantation of 6-8 HRP-gels. The detection of anterogradely transported HRP at the cervical as well as the lumbar intumescence was carried out as described earlier (J. Histochem. Cytochem., 35 [1987] 623-626). Our results demonstrate the occurrence of labelled myelinated as well as labelled unmyelinated axons within the adult rat PT at both spinal cord levels analyzed. This implicates that at least part of the unmyelinated profiles in the adult rat PT belong to fibres originating in the cortex and therefore must be interpreted as corticospinal axons. The findings are discussed in the light of their physiological significance. PMID- 3167578 TI - Circadian variation of [14C]2-deoxyglucose uptake within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the house sparrow, Passer domesticus. AB - To determine whether the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the house sparrow exhibit circadian variations in activity, metabolism within these and several other diencephalic structures was studied using the 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) method at several times of day. Uptake of 2-DG was high at midday and mid-subjective day, but low at midnight within the SCN. Uptake was high at midday and low at midnight and mid-subjective day within the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and lateral anterior nucleus, while no daily or circadian variation was observed within the periventricular preoptic nucleus. These data indicate that the avian SCN, as in mammals, express circadian rhythmicity. PMID- 3167579 TI - Effect of prolonged normobaric hyperoxia on regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose in conscious rats. AB - The CNS tolerance to prolonged normobaric hyperoxia (NH) was investigated using alterations in regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRgl) as a sensitive measure of brain oxygen poisoning. Conscious rats were continuously exposed either to air or to oxygen for 24 h at atmospheric pressure inside a closed and ventilated environmental chamber. The rCMRgl was measured during ongoing air or oxygen exposures by [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiographic technique. No significant difference in the rCMRgl of 29 neuroanatomical structures investigated was found between two groups of air- and oxygen-exposed rats. At the same time however, a significant reduction in the respiratory frequency (f) was observed only in the oxygen-exposed rats. It is suggested that brain energy metabolism is not affected at least up to 24 h NH in conscious rats. The NH-induced reduction in f on the other hand, may be due to alterations in afferent inputs from peripheral and central chemoreceptors or lung stretch receptors. Furthermore, since slight changes in rCMRgl of small neuroanatomical structures are not detectable by limited resolution power of [14C]2-DG autoradiographic technique, a subtle NH-induced damage to central respiratory control mechanisms cannot yet be ruled out. PMID- 3167580 TI - The role of calcium in short-term potentiation in the rat hippocampal slice. AB - Short-term potentiation of extracellular field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP's) was investigated in the stratum radiatum of CA1 of the rat hippocampal slice in vitro. A presynaptic tetanus consisting of a single train of stimuli at 250 Hz evoked short-term potentiation (STP), but not long-term potentiation (LTP) of small amplitude, just suprathreshold, EPSP's in a medium containing 2 mM Ca and 2 mM Mg. Increasing the number of stimuli in the tetanus enhanced the initial amplitude of the STP to a maximum of 40-70% with 30-40 stimuli, and enhanced the decay time constant of STP to a maximum of 60-80 s. Increasing the Ca influx by raising external Ca, lowering Mg or adding the agent 4-aminopyridine caused a large increase in the initial amplitude of STP but only a very slight increase in the decay time of STP. LTP was frequently evoked in high Ca/Mg ratios of 2.0 or 4.0, but not in 1.0 or 0.5. PMID- 3167581 TI - Damage of hippocampal neurons caused by cobalt focus in the cerebral cortex of rats. AB - The relationship between the focus of cobalt seizures in the cerebral cortex and neuron loss in the hippocampus, as well as the CD50 of pentylenetetrazol was examined in rats. Spike activity in EEG frequently appeared 4 days after cobalt application and reached a peak 8-16 days after cobalt application, which was sometimes accompanied by jerks in the limbs. Changes in the CD50 value showed a two-step pattern, i.e., the first decrease in CD50 appeared one day after application of cobalt and continued at the same value until the fourth day. Then a second gradual decrease of CD50 was observed from the fourth day to eighth day and continued at the same value until 20 days after cobalt application. Neuron loss in the CA1 area of the hippocampus was observed as early as two days after cobalt application and the degree of neuron loss progressively increased until the 20th day. These findings suggest that neuron loss in the hippocampus following cobalt-induced seizures is not a result of generalized convulsions. PMID- 3167583 TI - Direct excitatory action of vasopressin in the lateral septum of the rat brain. AB - The electrophysiological action of arginine vasopressin on neurones in the lateral septum of the rat brain was studied using extracellular recordings and the in vitro brain slice technique. Of 177 neurones tested in the presence of vasopressin at 1-1000 nM, 77 (about 44%) responded by a reversible increase in firing rate, 12 (about 7%) were inhibited and the remaining were not affected. The lowest peptide concentration effective in exciting septal neurones ranged between 1 and 50 nM, and the magnitude of the excitatory effect was concentration dependent. At high vasopressin concentrations, the peptide-induced excitation was often followed by a transient pause in firing; this was probably due to action potential inactivation, brought about by the vasopressin-induced neuronal membrane depolarization. The excitatory effect of vasopressin was postsynaptic, since it was not abolished following synaptic blockade in a low calcium-high magnesium perifusion solution. A comparison of the effects of vasopressin and oxytocin suggested that most of the septal vasopressin-sensitive neurones are endowed with vasopressin receptors, whereas a minority of them bear oxytocin receptors. PMID- 3167582 TI - Estrogen receptor levels in hypothalamic and vocal control nuclei in the male zebra finch. AB - Estrogens play an important role in the activation and differentiation of vocal behavior in male zebra finches. In the present experiment, we conducted a series of in vitro binding assays to quantify estrogen receptor concentrations in individual hypothalamic and vocal control nuclei. Receptor concentrations were measured in cytosol fractions obtained from castrated males and, since adrenalectomy is not a viable possibility in this species, in castrated males treated with 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD), an inhibitor of estrogen synthesis. Specific, high-affinity estrogen binding was detected in both untreated castrates and castrates treated with ATD. Although ATD treatment had no effect on estrogen receptors in hypothalamic-preoptic tissue, ATD-treated males had significantly higher levels of [3H]estrogen binding in 3 vocal control nuclei: the dorsomedial portion of the intercollicular nucleus (DM), the magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (MAN), and Area X. Low levels of estrogen binding were also detected in cytosol from the caudal portions of the ventral hyperstriatum (HVc) and the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA) of both untreated and ATD-treated castrates. In most brain regions examined, estrogen receptor levels were lower than androgen receptor levels measured in previous experiments. The presence of both androgen- and estrogen-concentrating neurons in these areas provides compelling evidence for the interaction of androgens and estrogens in the neural control of male vocal behavior in this species. PMID- 3167585 TI - Epidemiology of burns in Kuwait. AB - A prospective study of 765 burns cases treated as inpatients at the Burns Unit, IBN Sina Hospital and the Plastic Surgery Unit, Mubarak Al Kabeer Hospital from January 1984 to December 1986 is presented. Hot water scalds were the commonest type of injury. Most of the burns occurred at home but coinciding with standard working hours. Children up to 5 years old were commonly affected, but most of the fatal burns were among adults. The overall mortality rate was 7.2 per cent with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. Our survival rate from burn injuries is improving due to advances in treatment, but prevention remains the best cure. We consider our epidemiological survey to be important as the basis for a preventive programme in Kuwait's extremely heterogeneous society. PMID- 3167584 TI - Extracellular fluid conditioned during peripheral nerve regeneration stimulates Schwann cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. AB - Schwann cell movement and proliferation occur during peripheral nerve regeneration and remyelination. We asked whether soluble factors promoting these activities were present in fluid surrounding rat sciatic nerves regenerating across a 10-mm gap bridged by a silicone tube. In this model, regenerated and remyelinated axons extend across the gap by 28 days following nerve transection and tube implantation. Fluid conditioned by cells participating in nerve regeneration (RCF) was assayed for its ability to promote Schwann cell adhesion, migration and proliferation in vitro. RCFs collected at post-transectional days 1 28 were equally effective in promoting Schwann cell-substratum adhesion. In contrast, the motility-promoting activity of RCF was minimal at 1-2 days following nerve-transection, peaked at 7 days and remained elevated through 21 days. The RCF peak response was 87-fold greater than control. Schwann cell proliferative activity of RCF exhibited peaks of activity at 1 and 14 days post transection. The biological potency of this fluid for each activity assayed in vitro correlated well with the behavior of Schwann cells chronicled during nerve repair in vivo. These findings suggest that soluble factors promoting Schwann cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation accumulate extracellularly during peripheral nerve regeneration and remyelination. PMID- 3167586 TI - Analysis of burn injury by digital simulation. AB - A non-linear mathematical model for digital simulation of fluid distribution in burn patients during the first 48 h after injury is presented. The technique employed in the model construction is the system dynamic approach. A five compartment model has been considered. The control mechanisms incorporated are adequate for describing the interactions between plasma and interstitial fluid and between the extra- and intracellular compartments. With the model we are able to analyse the dynamic behaviour of many variables, for example the plasma, interstitial, extra- and intracellular fluid volumes and the plasma and interstitial proteins in burn and non-burn areas. These values are very difficult to measure in daily clinical practice, although they indicate the actual state of a burn patient. The simulation results are compared with measured values in a series of patients from a burn unit in a general hospital. PMID- 3167587 TI - Aeromonas hydrophilia infection in burn patients. AB - Aeromonas hydrophilia rarely infects burn wounds. Three cases of early A. hydrophilia burn wound infection, with one death, are reported. A history of extinguishing the fire with dirty water or by rolling in dirt should alert the physician to consider A. hydrophilia as a possible infection organism. PMID- 3167588 TI - Burns during pregnancy: our experience. AB - Although few women sustain thermal injuries during pregnancy, when pregnancy is complicated by thermal injury a clear management scheme plus a team approach is needed to provide optimal care both to the foetus and mother. The clinical course of eight pregnant women treated in our burn unit is presented. The relationship between the burn area, gestational age at treatment and prognosis is analysed. Active surgical treatment is advocated. PMID- 3167589 TI - Tetanus following a burn injury. AB - We report a case of tetanus following thermal injury in an 18-month-old girl who had been immunized with the usual triple vaccine and had received a booster dose for tetanus at 15 months of age. She had been admitted initially to a general district hospital and remained there for 10 days before being transferred to the University Hospital. Despite the unparalleled effectiveness and safety of tetanus toxoid, the administration of antitetanus serum (tetanus antitoxin) for patients with suspicious symptoms or wounds grossly contaminated with soil is often highly desirable. A schema of prophylaxis and management of patients with tetanus is provided. PMID- 3167590 TI - Thermal injury associated with infant walking-aids. AB - Leicester Royal Infirmary and Government statistics have shown that an increase in the use of baby-walkers has been accompanied by a rise in the incidence of burns associated with their use. These burns tend to be more severe than the average for this age-group. Three case histories are presented as illustrations. The head, neck and hands are particularly affected. Three mechanisms of injury are identified. Safety guidelines are unrealistic and not enforced, testing is inadequate, and the devices hinder normal motor development. PMID- 3167591 TI - Surfasoft used for meshed skin grafts. PMID- 3167592 TI - Frenchay burns chart. PMID- 3167593 TI - Practical uses of Omiderm. PMID- 3167594 TI - Biological applications of the SAS system: an overview. AB - The SAS system provides biologists with a flexible, easy to use software package for data analysis. Through a combination of data management tools, a wide variety of pre-programmed procedures for sorting, graphing, and statistical analysis and a sophisticated programming language, SAS software can perform all analytical needs for most problems. The recent availability of SAS software on mainframes other than IBM, and more recently on the microcomputer, means that most scientists can have access to the software. In this review we discuss the structure of the SAS language and demonstrate its power in the analysis of biological problems. Although to a lesser extent now than originally, the SAS system is statistically oriented and a working knowledge of statistics is recommended before using its statistical capabilities. However, all biologists will find its data management and summarization capabilities very useful. PMID- 3167595 TI - Hand-held computer program for field-capture and analysis of herbage yield and composition data using a modified dry-weight-rank and yield estimate method. AB - A BASIC program is described which is used to collect, check and analyse rank estimates of plant yield in the field. The program operates in a portable, battery-powered Sharp PC1500A hand-held computer than can be used in a field environment. Data are collected using a modified dry-weight-rank method and comparative yield estimates. Much of the software is designed to trap incorrect data entry. Raw data or summary data may be printed, displayed, and stored on cassette tape or transferred to another computer through a communications interface. The program can be easily modified to run on other models of the Sharp PC series or other portable computers that use a similar BASIC interpreter. PMID- 3167597 TI - BCE: a tool for software integration. AB - The integration of software into special-purpose systems (e.g. for gene sequence analysis) can be a difficult task. We describe a general-purpose software integration tool, the BCE program, that facilitates assembly of VAX-based software into application systems and provides an easy-to-use, intuitive user interface. We describe the use of BCE to integrate a heterogeneous collection of sequence analysis tools. Many BCE design features are generally applicable and can be implemented in other language or hardware environments. PMID- 3167598 TI - Algorithms for determining the fate of sites and domain boundaries in computer simulations of recombinant DNA procedures. AB - Structural and functional features within genomic sequences are best described by their position within the genomic structure. Cleavage sites can be conveniently described by single positions but genomic domains require the position of their two boundaries. The handling of these positions simultaneously to sequence manipulations in computer simulations of recombinant DNA procedures greatly improves the understanding of the resulting recombinant constructs. In addition, the algorithms describing the fate of domain boundaries can be used for the handling of nucleotide sequences in dynamic database environments handled by languages like Prolog which are particularly suitable for artificial intelligence implementations. This communication describes a set of algorithms for the automatic updating of single sites and double domain boundaries in linear and circular models for computer simulation of recombinant DNA procedures. PMID- 3167596 TI - A computer program to display codon changes caused by mutagenesis. AB - A FORTRAN program for displaying the correspondence between codon changes and different possible base changes is presented. Changes of both single bases and dimers are considered. The user can specify the mutagenesis spectrum. Additionally, the user can choose whether or not to consider single or double events in a codon and whether or not to consider the possibility that the change of two bases (a dimer) can overlap a codon boundary. Furthermore, a variety of ways may be chosen to display and summarize the codon changes that can result from the specified mutagenesis. A user-supplied sequence or the genetic code table can be analyzed. PMID- 3167599 TI - PROSOFT: a general purpose software in protein chemistry. AB - Applesoft and 6502 Assembler software was designed to quickly perform operations commonly encountered in protein chemistry. It was not designed for a specific application but can be conveniently used to speed up the determination of protein primary structure. PMID- 3167600 TI - BBC microcomputer controlled field inversion gel electrophoresis. AB - Agarose gel electrophoresis to separate DNA molecules is a widely used technique in molecular biology but there is an upper limit to the sizes that can be resolved. Pulsed field techniques have extended this limit but require expensive equipment. Here we describe a home-made control unit to interface conventional electrophoresis equipment to a BBC microcomputer for the purposes of field inversion gel electrophoresis. PMID- 3167601 TI - A general purpose computer analysis system for chromatographic data. AB - A manual integration system for the analysis of chromatographic data is described. The analog output produced by an HPLC absorbance monitor is passed to a non-inverting signal amplifier. This amplified signal is sent to an IBM PC where an analog to digital converter is used to digitize the data. A set of six computer programs which collect, store and analyze these data are presented. This system was used to analyze the nucleotide content of the anaerobic organism Clostridium acetobutylicum by strong anion-exchange HPLC. PMID- 3167602 TI - A hidden-line algorithm for graphical reconstruction of serially sectioned objects. AB - An algorithm for hidden-line removal in graphical reconstructions of serially sectioned biological objects is developed for PC-like computer configurations. The aim is to handle complicated structures defined by vast numbers of coordinate pairs and intersections between contours, without requiring excessive computing time. The procedure depends upon a fast searching routine for the localization of intersections and visibility. PMID- 3167604 TI - Computer program Jamsek combining statistical and stereochemical rules for the prediction of protein secondary structure. AB - This article briefly describes our program Jamsek written in FORTRAN for an ICL 2950/10 computer. Jamsek combines statistical and stereochemical rules most frequently encountered in literature to predict protein secondary structure from its sequence, into a single algorithm. The composite algorithm does not work better than the best existing single algorithms of Garnier et al. (J. Mol. Biol., 120, 97-120, 1978) or Lim (J. Mol. Biol., 88, 873-894, 1974) if percentage of residues with a correctly predicted secondary structure is taken as a criterion. However, it is fairly reliable in predicting the total amount of alpha-helices and beta-sheets in proteins, the secondary structure of highly ordered proteins or their parts and identification of long alpha-helices. It surpasses the previous algorithms by providing a possibility to make a notion about confidence of the prediction of the particular secondary structure elements thanks to the simultaneous availability of four independent predictions of the secondary structure and other relevant data (hydrophobic profile and helical wheel representation). The main body of this article is devoted to a demonstration that output data of Jamsek can simply be used for the prediction of protein topological class, identification of globular proteins containing hydrophobic alpha-helices and, as an auxiliary means, to distinguish between protein coding and non-coding nucleotide sequences. PMID- 3167603 TI - Detection and quantification of microorganisms in a heterogeneous foodstuff by image analysis. AB - A relatively inexpensive image analysis system has been developed to semi automate the detection and quantification of microbial growth in sections of food. A system based on an IBM PC compatible, with a frame store card, was programmed to scan Gram-stained sections using a motorized stage. Each field of view was thresholded after subtraction of a background image and the area between two thresholds measured. In the food studied it was found that, by using a size limit, it was possible to reduce the number of fields that needed to be examined by a microscopist to approximately 3% of those scanned. Visual examination was still required to distinguish bacterial cells from other stained objects which occasionally occur. PMID- 3167606 TI - Reducing the effect of the data order in algorithms for constructing phylogenetic trees. PMID- 3167605 TI - New graphic representation of structural parameters of proteins. AB - A computer program is described that is designed to make the visual inspection of classical plots of protein properties (e.g. hydrophobicity, volume, etc.) as a function of sequence easier. An algorithm written in BASIC language has been used in order to generate a pseudo-tridimensional representation of the desired protein property. The data utilized by the program are arithmetic averages of the selected parameter obtained by using a five-residue window as a shuttle along the given amino acid sequence. PMID- 3167607 TI - 3-D multi-variate data display tool as a protein design aid. PMID- 3167608 TI - HYSTRUC: hydropathy and secondary structure prediction. PMID- 3167609 TI - BETRA: a helpful tool for Beckman Microgenie users. PMID- 3167610 TI - Menstrual factors and risk of breast cancer. AB - A case control study of 2,908 breast cancer cases and 3,180 controls, derived from a nationwide screening program, enabled evaluation of the relationship of breast cancer risk to a variety of menstrual factors. Risk was significantly inversely related to age at menarche, with women who first menstruated at age 15 or later having a 23% lower risk than those with menarche prior to the age of 12. There was a higher relative risk (1.3) for premenopausal than menopausal women. In contrast to previous studies, there was only a slight increase in risk associated with a late age at natural menopause, possibly owing to errors in recall. Bilateral oophorectomy at an early age exerted a protective influence on breast cancer risk, with effects manifested approximately 10 to 15 years after oophorectomy. Women who had both ovaries removed prior to the age of 40 had a 45% reduced risk compared to women with a natural menopause at ages 50 to 54. In addition, bilateral oophorectomy at an early age was associated with a lowered risk relative to natural menopause at a comparable age, which may reflect the more pronounced and sudden decline in endogenous hormones associated with the surgery. Although these results were based on patient reports regarding the types of surgical menopause experienced, validation against medical records showed close correspondence regarding the number of ovaries removed. PMID- 3167611 TI - Treatment of unresectable pancreatic carcinoma using irradiation with concurrent intravenous 5-FU infusion therapy. AB - Ten patients with unresectable carcinoma of the pancreas who had only bypass surgery to relieve biliary obstruction were treated with radiation therapy to the pancreas and liver with concurrent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) intravenous infusion therapy. Treatment regimen was three cycles of chemoradiotherapy with a two week rest period between cycles. 5-FU (1,000 mg/m2 per day) was administered by continuous infusion for the first five days of each cycle. In the first cycle radiotherapy was given to the pancreas to 2,000 cGy/10 fractions using 6 to 10 mV x-rays. In the second cycle 2,400 cGy/160 rads/fraction radiation was delivered to the pancreas and whole liver. In the third cycle, 1,600 cGy/160 rads/fraction to a total dose of 6,000 rads, was administered to the pancreatic tumor. All ten patients completed the treatments without interruption. No major side effects were noticed during the course of treatment. Survival ranged from 9 to 16 months and median survival was 11 months. Symptomatic relief was obtained in all 10 patients. One patient who lived for 16 months developed duodenal stenosis and underwent gastrojejunostomy. PMID- 3167612 TI - Treatment of metastatic breast cancer with AZQ: a phase II trial. AB - Seventeen patients with metastatic breast cancer who had failed prior chemotherapy were treated with intravenous AZQ at a dose of 15-20 mg/m2 weekly for four consecutive weeks followed by a two-week rest period. No responses were observed. Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxicity. One patient experienced massive liver infarction possibly related to AZQ. Our data suggest that this agent at the schedule and dosage used is of no benefit in pretreated breast cancer patients. PMID- 3167613 TI - Anticipatory nausea. PMID- 3167615 TI - A fight worth fighting: reflections on the National Cancer Program. PMID- 3167614 TI - Active immunotherapy of human melanoma exploiting the immunopotentiating effects of cyclophosphamide. AB - Malignant tumors may escape rejection by the immune system because they induce a state of immunological tolerance mediated by tumor antigen-specific suppressor T cells. In animal systems, cyclophosphamide can reverse the tolerance and thereby facilitate immunologically mediated tumor destruction. We have applied these concepts to the immunotherapy of human malignant melanoma. Forty-three patients with metastatic disease were treated with a whole cell vaccine 3 days after intravenous administration of cyclophosphamide, 300 mg/m2. The vaccine consisted of cryopreserved, irradiated autologous melanoma cells, obtained from metastatic masses by dissociation with collagenase and DNAse, mixed with bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) and injected intradermally. The cyclophosphamide (CY) + vaccine combination was repeated every 28 days. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was tested by injecting 1 x 10(6) melanoma cells intradermally and measuring the diameter of induration at 48 h. Most patients had minimal pretreatment DTH responses to melanoma cells (mean +/- SE, mm = 2.4 +/- 0.5). After two vaccine treatments, the responses increased significantly (mean increase +/- SE = 12.1 +/ 1.6 p less than .001) and that level of response was maintained after 4, 6, and 8 treatments. The patients were also skin-tested with a mixture of the enzymes used to dissociate the tumors. No patients exhibited DTH to collagenase + DNAse prior to vaccine injection, but every patient developed DTH to the mixture following two treatments (mean, mm = 26.4 +/- 3.9). Although extracting viable cells from tumor tissue without the use of enzymes proved difficult, we were able to test DTH to mechanically dissociated tumor cells in 23 patients. After two vaccine treatments, there was a significant increase in DTH to enzyme-free autologous melanoma cells (mean DTH +/- SE, mm: 5.4 +/- 1.0, p less than .01). Whereas 5 of 23 patients had positive DTH responses (5 mm induration or greater) before treatment, 11 of 23 were positive after two treatments. Further significant increases in DTH enzyme-free cells were observed after 6 and 8 treatments. Thus, it appears that patients receiving CY + vaccine developed DTH to tumor-associated antigens as well as to residual collagenase and DNAse on the cell surface. Thirty-three patients could be evaluated for antitumor effects of cyclophosphamide + vaccine. There were 3 complete remissions, 1 partial remission, and 2 minor responses. Two complete responders remain alive and free of disease after 57 and 12 months, respectively, and the third died after 39 months. The partial remission consisted of 75% regression of a pulmonary metastasis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3167616 TI - The doctor's dilemma (the nurse's Waterloo). PMID- 3167617 TI - Host immunosuppression by p15E. PMID- 3167618 TI - It's time to wave the yellow flag. PMID- 3167619 TI - Interaction of normal children with anatomical dolls. AB - Anatomical (sexually explicit) rag dolls are frequently used in interviews of children suspected of being sexually abused. Abused children have been noted clinically to be aggressive and sometimes sexually precocious in their doll play, and testimony to that effect is often accepted in the courtroom as pertinent evidence. However, to date, normative data on the play behaviors with the sexually explicit dolls have been unavailable. This pilot study provides empirical information on the play interaction of a relatively large number of normal (nonreferred) children with anatomical dolls. One hundred forty-four children (ages 3 to 8 years) were observed in a playroom containing these special dolls during three conditions: (1) with an adult present, (2) without an adult, and (3) with the dolls undressed. The observations showed that nonreferred children found these dolls no more interesting than other toys. Little aggression and no explicit sexual activity were observed. In contrast to clinical observation of abused children, the doll play of nonreferred children is unlikely to be characterized by aggression or sexual concerns; thus these behaviors when observed in interaction with these dolls should be taken seriously. PMID- 3167620 TI - Medical forensic photography of the sexually abused child. AB - The dramatic increase in reports of sexual abuse has resulted in increasing referrals to physicians for medical evaluation and has placed demands on physicians to adequately and expertly assess these children. High quality, close up photographs of significant lesions can be an important part of this evaluation. Camera systems recommended vary from colposcopes to close-up 35-mm systems to instant cameras. Physicians who examine sexually abused children should have ready access to an adequate photographic system, as well as basic knowledge of camera operation, film procedures, and medicolegal implications. Case studies and discussion are used to review colposcopic and close-up 35-mm camera techniques available to the physician to photograph the sexual abuse victim. PMID- 3167621 TI - Multivariate correlates of childhood psychological and physical maltreatment among university women. AB - Little is known about the long-term effects of psychological or physical child abuse, despite recent advances in the related area of childhood sexual victimization. The present study used multivariate techniques to examine the relationship between four newly devised scales, measuring extent of psychological and physical maltreatment by mothers and fathers and a variety of current psychological symptoms in 251 university women. Results suggest two independent relationships: a global association between all four forms of maltreatment and almost all symptom variables and specific connections between paternal psychological and physical maltreatment, maternal physical maltreatment, and smaller subsets of symptoms. The data are interpreted as supporting an "ecological" perspective on abuse effects as well as demonstrating the value of multivariate methodologies in this area. PMID- 3167623 TI - Parental predictions of their children's knowledge about dangerous situations. AB - This study explored the extent to which parents can predict their 5-, 8-, and 12 year-old male and female children's responses to questions about safe and dangerous situations. A total of 68 children and 61 parents of these children were questioned about their children's knowledge of (1) home address/telephone number, (2) strangers, (3) what to do in various emergency situations, (4) trust in police, (5) compliance towards police, and (6) resistance towards strangers. Parents were most accurate in predicting their children's understanding of strangers and trust in police officers. Parents overestimated their 5-year-olds' knowledge of home address/telephone and appropriate behaviors when lost or in abduction situations. Parental overestimations of knowledge and the likelihood to behave safely were more frequent with boys than with girls. Parental underestimations of children's knowledge of certain types of avoidance actions also were found. The results were interpreted in terms of metacognition and sex differences in spatial freedom. PMID- 3167622 TI - Hospital-based primary prevention strategy in child abuse: a multi-level needs addressment. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate a primary prevention effort in child maltreatment, the focus of which was a community-wide endeavor (i.e., subjects were not prescreened for risk potential). Specific components of the planned intervention addressed four causal levels of maltreatment: individual, family, community, and cultural factors. That assessment was intended to build strengths in those parenting areas which are predictive of abusive or neglectful outcomes. Target areas included knowledge of child development, child-rearing attitudes, mother-infant interaction patterns, and parenting skills. A posttest-only control group design was employed. The control postpartum mothers received traditional or routine hospital services; experimental mothers received special in-hospital and after-care services by trained student nurse volunteers. These volunteers functioned in a dual educative/supportive role. Experimental mothers reported more realistic expectations of behavior, embraced more democratic child-rearing principles, providing more verbal stimulation to their infants (reflecting an increased sensitivity), and displayed increased problem-solving abilities. PMID- 3167624 TI - Post-traumatic stress disorder: a reaction to state-supported child abuse and neglect. AB - The policy of apartheid not only fosters conditions conducive to child abuse and neglect, but is in itself abusive. Apartheid policies have led to civil unrest and high levels of violence in South Africa's black townships. Many youth are thus exposed to multiple trauma including witnessing death, being arrested, being beaten, being in exile, and being separated from family and friends. This had led many to develop Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome (PTSD) although this term is a misnomer in the South African context as traumatic stress is not historic but is current. Treatment programs have thus to be modified to accommodate the impossibility of guaranteeing even the physical safety of patients. They have also to be modified to accommodate the fact that most black youth are totally unfamiliar with the notion of the "talking cure." This paper describes a modified treatment program for PTSD which was developed in working with a group of 60 township refugees. Systematic follow up studies of its effectiveness were impossible as many of those treated have gone into hiding to escape the continuing violence in their communities, a violence facilitated by the ultimate guardian of the child, the State. However there are indications that the program was successful in providing immediate relief. PMID- 3167625 TI - Predicting/preventing child abuse: value of utility maximizing cutting scores. AB - Any standardized method for identifying cases of likely child abuse requires specification of a cutting score (or scores) on a predictor variable. In this paper, we describe two criteria for determining cutting scores--utility maximizing (UtilMax) and error minimizing (ErrMin)--and we demonstrate that UtilMax is often the superior, and never the inferior, criterion. Two types of ErrMin cutting scores, true and artificial, are distinguishable based on whether realistic or artificial base rates are used to find the cutting score. Since studies often compute artificial ErrMin cutting scores, these scores must be modified to produce true ErrMin cutting scores. UtilMax cutting scores are explained and a numerical example is presented to show that maximizing utility is the preferable criterion in that it optimizes the balance between the costs of incorrect decisions and the benefits of correct decisions. The example also illustrates how UtilMax cutting scores help one to decide whether attempting to predict abuse would be worthwhile or not. PMID- 3167626 TI - Bruising and hemophilia: accident or child abuse? AB - Recognition and prompt reporting of suspect child abuse or neglect is necessary to institute programs aimed at preventing further neglect, re-injury or possible death. The families of children with chronic medical conditions, such as hemophilia, may be affected by economic and emotional stresses which may be expressed as abuse or neglect. Because the manifestations of even slight trauma are so common in children with bleeding problems, the physician may not routinely inquire about the cause of injury, delays in seeking medical attention, or accident prevention efforts in the home. Early referral of children with hemophilia to a multidisciplinary team providing medical, psychological, and social care is recommended. PMID- 3167628 TI - Changing data concerning child sexual abuse. PMID- 3167627 TI - Letters to Tammy: a technique useful in the treatment of a sexually abused child. PMID- 3167629 TI - Child sexual abuse. PMID- 3167630 TI - [Carotid endarterectomy under cervical plexus block]. PMID- 3167631 TI - [Prevention of immunoallergic thrombopenia induced by heparin]. PMID- 3167632 TI - [Transfusion management in orthopedic surgery]. PMID- 3167633 TI - [Alkalinization of hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia]. PMID- 3167634 TI - [Severe hyponatremia after cervical lymph node excision]. PMID- 3167635 TI - [Placement of a hollow clip under peridural anesthesia]. PMID- 3167636 TI - [Delay in the elimination of thiopental and phenoperidine related to cimetidine]. PMID- 3167637 TI - [Severe hepatitis after halothane anesthesia]. PMID- 3167638 TI - [Postoperative cervicofacial subcutaneous emphysema]. AB - Two cases of post-operative subcutaneous emphysema are reported. After excessive airway pressure, air or anaesthetic gases may spread to the neck, mediastinum, abdomen or pleural cavity. Pathogenesis and mechanisms are discussed. Possible aetiologic factors are outlined. The consequences of this condition are limited after adequate emergency treatment. PMID- 3167639 TI - [Late respiratory depression after intra-thecal injection of morphine. Reversal by naloxone administered by the same route]. PMID- 3167640 TI - [Possible diverse forms of social protection]. PMID- 3167641 TI - [Evaluation of a survey of extreme poverty: discussion and perceptions of midwives of an obstetrical clinic]. PMID- 3167643 TI - Health manpower planning in Canada: facts and trends in the province of British Columbia. PMID- 3167642 TI - [Estimation of the prevalence of Alzheimer's senile dementia. The effect of demographic structure: the inequality between sexes, the disparity between regions]. PMID- 3167644 TI - [The fetal neuromuscular effect of atracurium administered in pregnant ewes]. PMID- 3167645 TI - Does different serum concentration in embryo transfer medium affect the pregnancy rate in the in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF & ET) program? PMID- 3167646 TI - [Detection of alpha-thalassemias in patients with microcytic hypochromic anemia or microcytosis by restriction endonuclease mapping]. PMID- 3167647 TI - [Serum theophylline levels in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients receiving uniphyllin]. PMID- 3167648 TI - [Community-based screening for cervical cancer in Luh-Gun Township]. PMID- 3167649 TI - [Clinical assessment of acromegaly by various parameters]. PMID- 3167650 TI - [A comparative trial of C-novantrone OP(CNOP) vs C-adriamycin OP(CHOP) in the treatment of stage II-IV malignant lymphoma--the preliminary report]. PMID- 3167651 TI - Skin microvascular reflexes in patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy. PMID- 3167652 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease and arrhythmias. PMID- 3167653 TI - Experience of totally implanted venous access for chemotherapy. PMID- 3167654 TI - [Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura--report of a case]. PMID- 3167655 TI - [A twenty-seven year survey of hypobaric chamber physiological reactions of the Chinese Air Force]. PMID- 3167656 TI - Holter monitoring findings in patients with syncope or presyncope. PMID- 3167657 TI - [Diagnosis of impotence by intracavernous injection of papaverine]. PMID- 3167658 TI - [Isolated fourth nerve palsy--analysis of 78 cases]. PMID- 3167659 TI - Effects of maternal glucose infusion on neonatal blood glucose level. PMID- 3167660 TI - Abnormal esophageal motility in secondary Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 3167661 TI - [Intussusception: analysis of 167 cases]. PMID- 3167662 TI - [Flavobacterium meningosepticum meningitis in a newborn infant--a case report]. PMID- 3167663 TI - Immunopathological investigation of human glioma-associated antigen (GAA) detected by monoclonal antibody. PMID- 3167664 TI - [Renal handling of pyruvate in normal subjects and uremic patients]. PMID- 3167665 TI - Corporate standards for nursing care. An integral part of a computerized care plan. PMID- 3167666 TI - Comparative analysis of computer-based operating room information systems. An evaluation research study. PMID- 3167667 TI - Using computers in nursing. Documented benefits and needed studies. PMID- 3167668 TI - The electronic city. A vehicle for providing patient information. PMID- 3167669 TI - Ventricular arrhythmias following coronary artery occlusion in the streptozotocin diabetic rat. AB - The following investigation was designed to assess whether or not streptozotocin diabetes has an influence on the number and severity of ventricular arrhythmias following coronary artery occlusion in the conscious rat. In addition, electrocardiogram and haemodynamic data were compared between streptozotocin groups and control. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats with streptozotocin (55 mg/kg iv) and left anterior descending coronary artery ligation was performed either 6 or 9 weeks later. Rats were allowed to recover from preparative surgery for 1 week prior to ligation. Streptozotocin diabetes (untreated or insulin controlled) appeared to have little influence on the variables tested. When exposed to equivalent degrees of ischaemia (the rat is a microangiopathy-resistant species), the streptozotocin diabetic rat heart was not appreciably more prone to arrhythmias of any type compared with control. PMID- 3167670 TI - Binding of 125I-labelled human chorionic gonadotropin to cell membrane receptors in rabbit ovarian slices. AB - The binding of 125I-labelled human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was studied using thick slices (300 micron) of rabbit ovarian tissue. Binding was saturable, reversible, stereospecific, and of high affinity. The amount of binding was proportional to the number of slices used and could be destroyed by boiling. Ovarian slices from eight individual rabbits were found to have two binding sites for 125I-labelled HCG with KD values of 272 +/- 64 and 1263 +/- 274 pM and Bmax values of 25.7 +/- 5.3 and 94.1 +/- 18.8 fmol/mg protein, respectively. In a comparative study the KD and Bmax values were 351 +/- 151 pM and 25.3 +/- 11.1 fmol/mg protein with slices from one ovary and 134 +/- 24 pM and 109 +/- 32 fmol/mg protein with membranes from the contralateral ovary. These data suggest that the binding of HCG can be determined in live tissue. PMID- 3167671 TI - Evoked secretion of [3H]noradrenaline and ATP from nerve varicosities isolated from the myenteric plexus of the guinea pig ileum. AB - Neuronal varicosities, isolated from the myenteric plexus of guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle, were incubated with [3H]noradrenaline to label the contents of the noradrenergic secretory vesicles. Exposure of these varicosities to KCl, nicotine, or acetylcholine resulted in the Ca2+ -dependent release of [3H]noradrenaline. Veratridine also evoked a large efflux of [3H] from this preparation, but this release was only partially Ca2+ dependent. The alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, inhibited the K+-, nicotine-, and acetylcholine induced release of [3H]noradrenaline. Similarly, exogenously administered ( )noradrenaline was an effective inhibitor of the K+ -evoked release of [3H]noradrenaline. The alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine, antagonized the inhibitory actions of both clonidine and (-)noradrenaline on the K+ -evoked release of [3H]noradrenaline from myenteric varicosities. Nicotine, acetylcholine, KCl, and veratridine also released ATP from these guinea pig ileal myenteric varicosities. However, the evoked release of ATP was unaffected by clonidine. These results indicate that myenteric varicosities can take up and release [3H]noradrenaline and that they possess presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors which, when activated, inhibit the release of [3H]noradrenaline. These receptors may play a role in modulating the release of noradrenaline in the myenteric plexus in vivo. In addition, the present results suggest that ATP and [3H]noradrenaline may not be released from the same population of secretory vesicles in neuronal varicosities isolated from guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle. PMID- 3167672 TI - Attenuation of pulmonary and systemic vasoconstriction with pentoxifylline and aminophylline. AB - The effects of acute administration of therapeutic doses (1-10 mg/kg) of pentoxifylline and aminophylline on the resistance of the systemic and pulmonary circuits in anaesthetized dogs and pigs were tested. During room air breathing, neither of the two substances caused a significant change in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) or pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). During hypoxia (10% O2 and nitrogen), however, both substances caused a significant reduction in PVR (p less than 0.05) without affecting SVR. The largest dose of pentoxifylline decreased PVR from 7.8 +/- 2.8 to 4.4 +/- 1.5 in dogs and from 9.9 +/- 1.4 to 5.8 +/- 0.6 mmHg.L-1.min in pigs. Aminophylline was equally effective and selective in lowering PVR but not SVR during hypoxia. When SVR was elevated in dogs by continuous infusion of angiotensin, pentoxifylline lowered SVR from 139 +/- 27 to 83 +/- 20 mmHg.L-1.min (p less than 0.05). The simultaneous small elevation in PVR during angiotensin infusion was also attenuated to base-line value by pentoxifylline injection. These results suggest that xanthines, in therapeutic doses, can have a profound vasodilator effect on either the systemic or on the pulmonary circuit, only wherever the vessels are constricted. The vasodilatory effect of pentoxifylline is viewed as a second beneficial effect besides the benefit derived from its action on erythrocyte deformability. PMID- 3167673 TI - Observations on the hypoxic depression of sympathetic discharge in sinoaortic denervated cats. AB - The effect of graded isocapnic hypoxia on the mass activity of the cervical sympathetic trunk and of the phrenic nerve was studied in sinoaortic-denervated, pentobarbital-anaesthetized cats. Under control conditions (normoxia, normocapnia) sympathetic discharge showed (i) a burst of action potentials synchronous with the phrenic nerve burst, which was selectively abolished by procedures suppressing inspiratory neuron activity (inspiration synchronous sympathetic activity, ISSA); and (ii) a lower level of sympathetic activity during expiration (tonic sympathetic activity, TSA). The effects of graded hypoxia on these two components of the sympathetic discharge were different. ISSA showed depression only, which began at inspired PO2 (Pinsp O2) of 58 +/- 10 (mean +/- SEM) mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa), became progressively more marked as Pinsp O2 decreased further, and was paralleled by depression of phrenic nerve activity. Both ISSA and phrenic nerve activity were suppressed at Pinsp O2 of 46 +/- 9 mmHg. TSA increased progressively with the lowering of Pinsp O2, beginning at a Pinsp O2 significantly lower than that at which ISSA depression began (50 +/- 13 mmHg, p less than 0.01). In the range of Pinsp O2 values intermediate between the thresholds for ISSA depression and for TSA increase, some animals showed a depression of TSA that reversed to an increase as Pinsp O2 decreased further. During brief (duration 1.5 +/- 0.2 min) episodes of cerebral ischemia produced by occlusion of the brachiocephalic and left subclavian artery, the two components of sympathetic discharge showed responses similar to those observed in hypoxia, namely depression of ISSA as well as depression and enhancement of TSA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167674 TI - Coronary sinus norepinephrine concentrations during ventricular tachycardia induced by left stellate ganglion stimulation in dogs. AB - Coronary sinus catecholamine overflow was measured in open-chest dogs, anesthetized with sodium thiopental and alpha-chloralose, during left sympathetic stimulation. Uniform ventricular tachycardias were induced in 9 out of 16 dogs during either left stellate ganglion or left ventrolateral cardiac nerve stimulations. Significant increases in norepinephrine (8.1 ng/mL, plasma) and epinephrine (0.19 ng/mL, plasma) overflows were obtained after 30 and 90 s of stimulation, respectively. Maximum norepinephrine overflow was significantly higher in dogs with ventricular tachycardia than in those without it (16.0 vs. 7.4 ng/mL, p less than 0.05). This suggests that the induction of ventricular tachycardia in the normal myocardium is related to the amount of local secretion of norepinephrine during nerve stimulation. PMID- 3167676 TI - Spatial representations and sensorimotor transformations. The IXth International Symposium of the Centre de Recherche en Sciences Neurologiques, Universite de Montreal. Montreal (Quebec), May 28-29, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3167675 TI - Release of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and accelerated healing induced by a PAF antagonist in an animal model of chronic colitis. AB - The role of platelet-activating factor as a mediator of inflammation was examined using a rat model of colitis. Release of platelet-activating factor by samples of colonic tissue, as measured by bioassay, was determined at various times after induction of inflammation by intracolonic administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. At the same times, colonic damage was scored and the extent of neutrophil infiltration was assessed by measuring tissue levels of myeloperoxidase activity. Platelet-activating factor release from normal colon averaged 46 +/- 17 pg/g, while not being detectable in samples taken 24 h after induction of inflammation, a time when neutrophil infiltration was maximal. However, substantial release of platelet-activating factor (12-16 times control levels; p less than 0.05) was observed in samples from rats sacrificed 1-3 weeks after induction of inflammation. In a second series of experiments, the effects of treatment with BN52021, a specific platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist, were assessed using this model. Treatment with BN52021 during either the 1st or 2nd weeks after induction of colitis resulted in significant (p less than 0.05) reductions of colonic damage scores and the wet weight of the distal colon. These results demonstrate that platelet-activating factor release is significantly elevated during the chronic phase of colitis in this animal model, and that inhibition of the action of platelet-activating factor, through receptor antagonism, leads to a significant reduction of colonic inflammation and ulceration. These observations are therefore consistent with a role for platelet activating factor as an inflammatory mediator in chronic inflammation of the rat colon. PMID- 3167677 TI - Sensorimotor transformations underlying the organization of arm movements in three-dimensional space. AB - Coordinated movements in three-dimensional space involve sensorimotor transformations between extrinsic and intrinsic coordinates. It is hypothesized that a key aspect underlying the organization of such movements is the need to simplify these transformations by means of suitable approximations and the imposition of constraints. Motor tasks involving the drawing of circles and ellipses in different planes were analyzed from this perspective, and some rules are presented whereby the plane of motion and the slant of an ellipse can be specified in a simple way in terms of intrinsic parameters. It is shown that these rules can be generalized to hold for more complicated wrist motions if one assumes that they consist of segments of elliptical arcs. PMID- 3167679 TI - Spatial coding of visually guided arm movements in primate motor cortex. AB - Previous studies of the motor cortex in behaving animals were focused on the relations between the activity of single cells, usually pyramidal tract neurons, and parameters of isometric contraction (e.g., intensity of force) or parameters of movement along one axis (e.g., flexion-extension) of a single joint (e.g., elbow or wrist). However, the commonly meaningful behavioral parameter is the trajectory of the hand in extrapersonal space, which is realized by simultaneous motions about two or three joints (e.g., elbow, shoulder, wrist) and concurrent engagement of several muscles. The spatial parameters of a straight trajectory are its direction and extent. We hypothesized that a major function of the motor cortex, among other possible roles, is the specification and control of the direction of the movement trajectory in space. This reference of motor cortical function to the control of spatial aspects of the trajectory differentiated our approach from the other approaches outlined above. We investigated the directional selectivity cells in the arm area of the motor cortex by recording their activity while monkeys moved their hands in various directions in space towards visual targets. There were two salient findings of these studies. First, the intensity of the discharge of single cells varies in an orderly fashion with the direction of movement in space, so that the discharge rate is highest with movements in a preferred direction, and decreases progressively with movements made in directions more and more away from the preferred one. Thus single cells are broadly tuned around a preferred direction which differs among different cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167678 TI - Planning and execution of multijoint movements. AB - This paper reviews some recent studies related to the generation of simple multijoint arm movements. Two principal issues are considered. The first concern is how movements are represented internally by the central nervous system. There are many possible sets of coordinates that could be used to represent arm movements. Two of the possibilities are reviewed: representation in terms of joint angular motions versus representation in terms of motions of the hand in external space coordinates. A second concern is the transformation from intention to action: how is an internal representation of motion expressed by the neuromuscular system? The computational complexity of this problem is reviewed. A way in which the mechanics of the neuromuscular system could be exploited to simplify this problem is discussed. PMID- 3167680 TI - Models of sensorimotor transformations and vestibular reflexes. AB - The vestibulo-ocular and vestibulo-collic reflexes are well-studied sensorimotor systems with dynamic properties that have been successfully modeled. Recently proposed matrix and tensorial models attempt to describe the spatial organization of these reflexes in three dimensions. Here we describe experiments that test these models. We show that a matrix model of the vestibulo-ocular reflex provides a satisfactory description of its spatial properties. The vestibulo-collic reflex is more complex, but a tensorial model makes close predictions of neck muscle excitation by the vestibulo-collic reflex. In addition, our preliminary data show that the cervico-collic or neck stretch reflex produces essentially the same spatial pattern of neck muscle excitation as the vestibulo-collic reflex, a finding predicted by the tensorial model. We conclude by showing electromyographic and single neuron responses that can be modeled only by combining models of dynamics with models of spatial organization. We believe that the development of such models is the next major challenge in the application of quantitative methods to analysis of reflex behavior. PMID- 3167681 TI - Effects of albumin on fatty acid, protein, and eicosanoid levels in rat mesenteric arterial bed perfusions. AB - Male rats were maintained on rat chow supplemented with 5% evening primrose oil for 2 weeks. Mesenteric perfusions were then performed, half with and half without albumin. Albumin was found to increase the yield of fatty acids and reduce eicosanoid levels. Perfusions without albumin decreased fatty acid release, increased eicosanoid levels, and showed a decrease in protein concentration over time. The value of albumin as a "trap" for fatty acids during perfusion experiments depends upon what parameter is to be measured. PMID- 3167682 TI - Effects of carbohydrate and protein administration on rat tryptophan and 5 hydroxytryptamine: differential effects on the brain, intestine, pineal, and pancreas. AB - We compared the acute effects of intragastric administration of protein and carbohydrate on tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) in rat brain, pineal, intestine, and pancreas. Protein decreased and carbohydrate increased brain indoles relative to water-infused controls. These effects were due to competition between the large neutral amino acids for entry into the brain. This competition does not exist in the pineal. The macronutrients had no effect on pineal tryptophan metabolism. In the intestine, protein resulted in higher tryptophan levels as compared to controls, owing to absorption of tryptophan in the protein. However intestinal 5HT levels were influenced by factors other than precursor availability. Pancreatic indoles were affected in a similar manner to the brain indoles. Competition between the large neutral amino acids for entry into the pancreas was also indicated by the finding that valine administration lowered brain and pancreatic tryptophan, but not the levels in the intestine and pineal. It remains to be seen whether the decrease in pancreatic 5HT after a protein meal and the increase after carbohydrate modulate the release of insulin and glucagon. PMID- 3167683 TI - Effect of active head movements about the pitch, roll, and yaw axes on human optokinetic afternystagmus. AB - Effects of active head movements about the pitch, roll, or yaw axes on horizontal optokinetic afternystagmas (OKAN) were examined in 16 subjects to test the hypothesis that otolith organ mediated activity induced by a change in head position can couple to the horizontal velocity storage in humans. Active head movements about the pitch axis, forwards or backwards, produced significant OKAN suppression. Pitch forward head movements exerted the strongest effect. Active head movements about the roll axis towards the right also produced OKAN suppression but only if the tilted position was sustained. No suppression was observed following sustained yaw. However, an unsustained yaw left movement after rightward drum rotation significantly enhanced OKAN. Sustained head movement trials did not significantly alter subsequent control trials. In contrast, unsustained movements about the pitch axis, which involve more complex interactions, exerted long-term effects on subsequent control trials. We conclude that otolith organ mediated activity arising from pitch or roll head movements couples to the horizontal velocity storage in humans, thereby suppressing ongoing OKAN. Activity arising from the horizontal canals during an unsustained yaw movement (observed mainly with yaw left), following drum rotation in a direction contralateral to the movement, may also couple to the velocity storage, resulting in increased activity instead of suppression. PMID- 3167684 TI - Comparison between pentobarbital- and muscimol-induced feeding in satiated sheep. AB - Twenty sheep were used to study the mechanisms by which the intracerebral administration of pentobarbital and of muscimol induces feeding in ruminants. Injections of 1 mumol calcium induced a weak feeding response at 1 h postinjection compared with control values (108 vs. 63 g, p less than 0.05). Injections of 78 mumol pentobarbital and of 100 nmol muscimol elicited strong feeding responses (p less than 0.01). A preinjection of 1 mumol calcium reduced the response to pentobarbital by about 40% but did not affect the response to muscimol. Administration of 1.1 mmol sodium chloride reduced the effect to pentobarbital by about 60% but only partially decreased the effect to muscimol. Administration of picrotoxin, a GABA antagonist, slightly decreased the feeding response to pentobarbital and to muscimol. Administration of gamma-vinyl GABA, an inhibitor of the enzyme GABA transaminase, did not affect feeding behavior of sheep at any of the doses tested (0-10 mumol). Injections of gamma-vinyl GABA followed by equimolar injections of GABA failed to provoke any feeding response. The data suggest that pentobarbital and muscimol may induce feeding by acting on a similar hypothalamic receptor complex but by different mechanisms. The lack of effect of GABA itself remains unexplained. PMID- 3167685 TI - Absence of staircase following disuse in rat gastrocnemius muscle. AB - Repetitive stimulation of mammalian fast-twitch skeletal muscles will normally result in a positive staircase response. This phenomenon was investigated in the rat gastrocnemius muscle following a 2-week period of tetrodotoxin-induced disuse. Muscle inactivity was imposed by superfusing tetrodotoxin in saline over the left sciatic nerve via an implanted osmotic pump. In situ isometric contractile responses to double pulse stimulation and repetitive stimulation at 10 Hz were determined the day after removal of the pump. Two weeks of disuse resulted in 40% muscle weight loss. A twitch contraction gave the same force when expressed per gram of wet muscle weight in control muscles, 317 +/- 24.6 (means +/- SE) g/g, as compared with tetrodotoxin-treated muscles, 328 +/- 24.2 g/g. Both contraction time and half-relaxation time were prolonged following treatment with tetrodotoxin. Repetitive stimulation at 10 Hz resulted in a positive staircase response in the control muscles, but not in muscles of the tetrodotoxin treated rats. The observed changes in the time course of the twitch contraction with repetitive stimulation following tetrodotoxin-induced disuse are consistent with alterations in sarcoplasmic reticulum handling of calcium. It is not certain if there is a change following disuse in the mechanism normally associated with staircase or if this mechanism is merely opposed by an early fatigue. PMID- 3167686 TI - Cardiac effects of electrically induced intrathoracic autonomic reflexes. AB - Electrical stimulation of the afferent components in one cardiopulmonary nerve (the left vagosympathetic complex at a level immediately caudal to the origin of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve) in acutely decentralized thoracic autonomic ganglionic preparations altered cardiac chronotropism and inotropism in 17 of 44 dogs. Since these neural preparations were acutely decentralized, the effects were mediated presumably via intrathoracic autonomic reflexes. The lack of consistency of these reflexly generated cardiac responses presumably were due in part to anatomical variation of afferent axons in the afferent nerve stimulated. As stimulation of the afferent components in the same neural structure caudal to the heart (where cardiopulmonary afferent axons are not present) failed to elicit cardiac responses in any dog, it is presumed that when cardiac responses were elicited by the more cranially located stimulations, these were due to activation of afferent axons arising from the heart and (or) lungs. When cardiac responses were elicited, intramyocardial pressures in the right ventricular conus as well as the ventral and lateral walls of the left ventricle were augmented. Either bradycardia or tachycardia was elicited. Following hexamethonium administration no responses were produced, demonstrating that nicotonic cholinergic synaptic mechanisms were involved in these intrathoracic cardiopulmonary-cardiac reflexes. In six of the animals, when atropine was administered before hexamethonium, reflexly generated responses were attenuated. The same thing occurred when morphine was administered in four animals. In contrast, in four animals following administration of phentolamine, the reflexly generated changes were enhanced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167687 TI - Exercise and postexercise energy expenditure in growing pigs. AB - Young pigs (ca. 10 kg) were trained to run on a motor-driven treadmill for 1 h each day. After a 2-week training period the gas exchange of exercised and control animals was measured using an open circuit, indirect calorimeter. The exercised pigs ran for 2 h in the calorimeter, and then rested for 2 h. They received a day's allocation of feed and remained in the calorimeter for a total of 23 h. The total heat production of the exercised pigs was 523 kJ/kg, compared with 433 kJ/kg of the controls. Monitoring the heat production throughout the 23 h period showed that only 43% of the extra heat dissipated by the exercised pigs was lost during the 2 h of exercise, with a higher rate of heat production for the remaining 21 h accounting for the 57% of the extra energy dissipated as heat. The results suggest that exercise increases energy expenditure well beyond the time devoted to the activity itself. PMID- 3167688 TI - Bethanidine increases one type of potassium current and relaxes aortic muscle. AB - Using a whole-cell voltage-clamp technique, we identified two time- and voltage dependent K+ currents: an early outward rectifier and a delayed outward rectifier in single vascular smooth muscle cells of rabbit aorta in culture. About 90% of the single cells tested showed a predominant delayed outward K+ current type. Both K+ currents were decreased by tetraethylammonium. In contrast, bethanidine sulphate (10(-4)M), a pharmacological analog of the cardiac antifibrillatory drug, bretylium tosylate, decreased the early outward K+ current, increased the delayed rectifier K+ current type, and hyperpolarized the resting membrane potential. Bethanidine was found to relax vascular smooth muscle. The vasodilatory effect of bethanidine is associated with the activation of a K+ current that is probably involved in keeping the membrane potential at the resting state, thereby depressing the excitability of the aortic vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 3167689 TI - Manganese can inhibit or potentiate contractile responses in mesenteric portal vein. AB - The effects of a number of agents believed to interfere with Ca were examined on contraction induced by noradrenaline (NA) or K in rat mesenteric portal veins. The organic calcium antagonists nifedipine, verapamil, methoxyverapamil, and felodipine slowly produced maximum inhibitory effects, nifedipine being fastest with a T1/2 of 20 min. In contrast, the inhibitory effects of Mn were immediate but disappeared on continued exposure of the tissue to Mn. After removal of Mn from the bath fluid, an above normal contraction was produced by K or NA. Measurement of Mn by atomic absorption spectrometry showed that the concentrations of EDTA-resistant Mn increased in parallel with the loss of inhibitory effects of Mn. This is consistent with an external inhibitory effect of Mn but a potentiating effect of Mn once it reaches an EDTA-inaccessible site. The potentiating effect of Mn was not seen with other ions such as Cd, Ni, Co, Mg, and La, which produced only inhibition of responses to NA or K. Contractile responses to Ba were examined in the absence of external Ca and it was found that the responses decreased with time. The presence of Mn not only prevented the loss of contractility but produced a marked increase in the response to Ba. Relaxation rates were also studied and it was found that Mn speeds the relaxation of contractures produced by NA or Ba as long as Mn is present in the bath fluid, but Mn slows relaxation when it is present (presumably) intracellularly. Mn does not alter relaxation rates of K contractures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167690 TI - Small fibronectin fragments induce endothelium-dependent vascular relaxations. AB - Strips of rabbit thoracic aorta precontracted with phenylephrine relaxed when exposed to selected synthetic peptides derived from the cell attachment domain of fibronectin. The relaxations elicited by both acetylcholine and the hexapeptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro (GRGDSP) were dependent on the presence of an intact endothelium, were resistant to indomethacin, and were inhibited by hemoglobin. The structure-activity relationship of four oligopeptides derived from fibronectin was in fair agreement with their ability to prevent fibronectin mediated cell adhesion in other experimental systems. Human plasma fibronectin (up to 2.3 microM) did not relax this preparation and did not prevent the relaxant effect of the synthetic hexapeptide GRGDSP. On the rabbit isolated mesenteric artery, the relaxations induced by GRGDSP were significantly inhibited by indomethacin treatment, suggesting a contribution of locally produced prostaglandins. The displacement of fibronectin by soluble peptides from its binding sites on endothelial cells may result in significant pharmacologic responses, probably resulting from perturbations of the endothelial cell membranes. PMID- 3167691 TI - Bile protein secretion in the rat stimulated by taurocholate: effect of chloroquine. AB - The biliary protein excretion during sodium taurocholate induced choleresis was studied in normal rats and in rats treated with the lysosomotropic agent, chloroquine. The analysis of the protein component in bile was made on SDS polyacrilamide gel, and the individual polypeptides were quantitated by densitometry. The excretion of bile polypeptides was compared with that of lysosomal acid phosphatase. The biliary excretion of polypeptides of molecular mass lower than and equal to 54 kDa was markedly stimulated by taurocholate induced choleresis. Chloroquine treatment of rats diminished the biliary excretion of such polypeptides and also inhibited their excretion induced by taurocholate. The behaviour of these polypeptides was well correlated to that of the lysosomal marker. The biliary excretion of polypeptide bands of a higher molecular mass (up to 140 kDa) did not show major changes during taurocholate induced choleresis in any of the groups. The results indicate that biliary excretion of proteins in the rat may be either stimulated by taurocholate or may be independent of the bile salt. The former requires the functional integrity of chloroquine-sensitive hepatocyte compartments, which may involve the lysosomes. PMID- 3167692 TI - Metoclopramide blocks the phenyl diguanide and 5-hydroxytryptamine induced cardiorespiratory reflexes in cats and dogs. AB - The effects of metoclopramide on the reflex cardiorespiratory responses elicited by stimulation of pulmonary J receptors by right atrial injections of phenyl diguanide (PDG), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and capsaicin were investigated in anesthetized spontaneously breathing cats. It was observed that while metoclopramide blocked the responses to PDG and 5-HT injections, it spared the responses to capsaicin injections. Similarly, metoclopramide was without effect on the reflex responses following activation of pulmonary C-fiber receptors (J receptors) by capsaicin in dogs. Reflex cardiorespiratory responses elicited by left atrial injections of PDG and 5-HT, owing to stimulation of cardiac receptors in cats, and reflex responses following right or left atrial injections of PDG and 5-HT, owing to stimulation of aortic chemoreceptors of dogs, were also found to be blocked by metoclopramide. Afferent impulse activity recorded from aortic chemoreceptors of dogs showed that while metoclopramide depressed the excitatory effect of PDG and 5-HT on them, it did not produce any effect on their spontaneous activity and their excitation by hypoxia. The results from the reflex studies show that metoclopramide is capable of antagonizing the reflex responses following the activation of the cardiopulmonary afferents by PDG and 5-HT. Based on the effects on aortic chemoreceptor afferents, it is suggested that PDG, 5-HT, and metoclopramide may be acting upon the regenerative region of the sensory endings. PMID- 3167693 TI - Cyclooxygenase products formed by primary cultures of cells from human chorion laeve: influence of steroids. AB - Cells were isolated from human chorion laeve obtained at term (38-40 weeks gestation) by elective caesarean section and were maintained in primary culture for 1 week in defined media supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. The production of various cyclooxygenase products by the cultures was examined. Little or no prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, thromboxane B2, or 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha was found. In contrast, the cells produced PGE2 which was low on day 0, increased during culture to a maximum on day 1 or 2, then declined to low levels. When cells were grown in the presence of media containing cortisol, dexamethasone, progesterone, and estradiol (at 10(-7) or 10(-9) M), the glucocorticoids (at 10(-7) and 10(-9) M), but not estrogen or progesterone, markedly inhibited the increase in PGE2 output. There was no difference in the protein content and thymidine incorporation of cells grown in the presence of glucocorticoids when compared with controls. This inhibitory effect was not sensitive to cycloheximide (1 microgram/mL) indicating protein synthesis may not be involved in the process. These studies indicate that PGE2 is the major prostaglandin formed by primary cultures of chorion laeve and that prostaglandin metabolism in the chorion is sensitive to glucocorticoid inhibition. PMID- 3167694 TI - Regional differences in lipid composition and incorporation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids into microsomal membranes of rat small intestine. AB - Incorporation of [1-14C]palmitic (16:0) and [1-14C]linoleic (18:2 omega 6) acids into microsomal membranes of proximal (jejunum) and distal (ileum) regions of rat small intestine was investigated, and the lipid composition, including fatty acid profiles of membrane phospholipids, was determined. Jejunal microsomes contained significantly higher amounts of total phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol, and lower amounts of cholesterol and sphingomyelin when compared with ileal microsomes. Jejunal microsomal phospholipids contained higher levels of stearic (18:0), 18:2 omega 6, and eicosapentaenoic (20:5 omega 3) acids followed by reduced levels of oleic (18:1 omega 9), arachidonic (20:4 omega 6), and docosahexaenoic (22:6 omega 3) acids when compared with those from the ileum, except for phosphatidylinositol where no significant difference between 20:4 omega 6 content of each site was observed. In both jejunal and ileal microsomes, incorporation of [1-14C]18:2 omega 6 was significantly higher than that of [1 14C]16:0. Incorporation of both [1-14C]16:0 and [1-14C]18:2 omega 6 was significantly higher in jejunal microsomal lipid fractions (phospholipids, diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols) when compared with the ileal microsomal fraction. These data suggest that (1) jejunal and ileal microsomal membranes differ from each other in terms of lipid composition and lipid synthesis, (2) site variations in the specificity of acyltransferases for different fatty acids exist, and (3) higher delta 9-, delta 6-, delta 5-, and delta 4-desaturase activities exist in ileal compared with jejunal enterocytes. PMID- 3167695 TI - Impact of the hepatic arterial buffer response on splanchnic vascular responses to intravenous adenosine, isoproterenol, and glucagon. AB - Hepatic arteries (HA) and superior mesenteric arteries (SMA) of cats anesthetized with pentobarbital responded to direct intra-arterial infusion of isoproterenol, adenosine, and glucagon with dose-related vasodilation. In response to intravenous infusion, however, the HA failed to dilate significantly, while the SMA dilated thus elevating portal blood flow. The lack of dilation of the HA was due to the HA buffer response to the elevated portal blood flow, that is, elevation of portal flow causes the HA to constrict. When a clamp was used to return SMA flow to control levels during infusion of the drugs, the HA showed significant dilation to all three agents. Thus, HA vascular responses to i.v. drugs can only be assessed if portal flow is known, since the net effect is dependent upon direct action of the drug on the HA as well as the indirect effect of any drug-induced change in portal flow. None of the agents tested altered the magnitude of the HA buffer response obtained during i.v. infusions, but the effects of other agents on the buffer response remain unknown and must be considered in any tests of i.v. administered drugs. Bolus i.v. injections produce results on the HA flow that are uninterpretable. PMID- 3167696 TI - Dual role of norepinephrine in the hippocampal CA1 region of the rat: inhibition and disinhibition. AB - Norepinephrine (NE) has been shown to produce either an inhibitory or an excitatory influence on CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus depending on the dosage. It was suggested that NE, in addition to exerting a direct inhibitory effect on pyramidal cells, may also act upon recurrent inhibitory interneurons to produce a disinhibition of the pyramidal cells. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of NE on alveus-evoked inhibition, presumably mediated by the basket cell interneurons innervating the pyramidal cells. Experiments were carried out on the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation and inhibition was assessed by the percent reduction of the stratum radiatum evoked population spike response when preceded by a conditioning pulse delivered to the alveus to activate the inhibitory interneurons via the recurrent collaterals of the pyramidal cells. Paired pulse stimulation resulted in inhibition of the stratum radiatum evoked test response with conditioning-test intervals up to 60 ms. NE (50 microM) perfusion resulted in a significant and reversible reduction of the alveus-evoked recurrent inhibition. Intracellular recordings using a similar paired pulse paradigm corroborated the extracellular data well. The possible roles of NE in the physiological functioning and pathophysiology of epileptiform activity of the hippocampus are discussed. PMID- 3167697 TI - Role of hyperthyroidism in increased thermogenesis in the cold-acclimated Syrian hamster. AB - The oxygen consumption of cold-acclimated Syrian hamsters (measured in pentobarbital-anaesthetized animals) was 59% greater than that of warm-acclimated hamsters. Upon return of the cold-acclimated hamsters to 24 degrees C, the elevated metabolic rate declined slowly, with half-life of approximately 1 day. The increase correlated well with our previous finding of a four-fold increase in serum 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine concentration in cold-acclimated hamsters and the slow decline in concentration of this hormone during deacclimation. Daily administration of T3 (for 7 days) to warm-acclimated hamsters at 24 degrees C resulted in a similar increase in oxygen consumption that persisted 1 day after the last injection and had disappeared by 7 days after the last injection. We conclude that the high concentration of serum triiodothyronine in the cold acclimated hamster exerts a thermogenic effect that probably contributes to thermoregulatory thermogenesis in the cold. PMID- 3167698 TI - Intramuscular substrate depletion and fatigability of soleus grafts in rats. AB - We investigated the relationship between oxidative capacity, substrate depletion, and fatigability of muscle grafts in situ. Isometric contractile properties and fatigability were measured in stabilized grafts and control muscles from age matched rats. Intramuscular glycogen and triglyceride concentrations were measured before and after the fatigue protocol. Even though stabilized soleus grafts have a reduced oxidative capacity compared with control soleus muscles, no difference was observed between groups in terms of resistance to fatigue. Glycogen concentrations did not decrease significantly during the fatigue protocol in either group. Compared with control muscles, the triglyceride concentration in the grafts was significantly higher before the fatigue protocol and it decreased significantly more following the fatigue protocol. PMID- 3167699 TI - Noradrenaline induces short and long duration potentiation of glutamate excitations of cultured Purkinje neurons. AB - The effects of iontophoretic application of noradrenaline on spontaneous or glutamate-evoked activity were studied in Purkinje neurons in explant cultures. The most frequently observed effect of noradrenaline was a depression of glutamate responses, and this was sometimes observed in the absence of apparent changes in spontaneous activity. In 30 out of 80 cells, glutamate responses were increased during or following noradrenaline application. In 21 of the 30 cells, these potentiations were of relatively short duration (less than 4 min), while in the other 9, the potentiations had a much longer duration. beta-Adrenergic antagonists blocked the long duration potentiations in four out of five cells, while short duration potentiation was blocked in only one of eight cells. The alpha-adrenergic antagonist prazosin blocked the short duration potentiations in six of eight cells. The results indicate that long duration potentiations by noradrenaline as reported in the hippocampus are also observable in the cerebellum, and that short and long duration potentials of glutamate responses may be pharmacologically distinct. PMID- 3167700 TI - Membrane responses of neurons in human sympathetic ganglia. AB - Electrophysiological studies were performed on in vitro slice preparations of sympathetic ganglia excised from peripherally perfused, brain-dead human donors. The intracellular recordings in 16 neurons showed resting potentials and input resistances mostly in the ranges reported for sympathetic neurons in other mammals. The high input resistances (approximately 29 M omega) can account for the long membrane time constants measured in three neurons (means = 13.9 ms). Spikes that were part of anodal break responses as well as those evoked by current pulse injections were tetrodotoxin sensitive and were more prolonged in duration by tetraethylammonium than by 4-aminopyridine applications. Administrations of isoflurane (0.5-2 minimum alveolar concentrations) by perfusion did not greatly affect the membrane properties, but produced a marked reduction in repetitive spike firing evoked by current pulse injections as well as in the postspike afterhyperpolarizations, suggesting that a sympathetic neurogenic mechanism may contribute to the hypotension observed clinically during isoflurane anaesthesia. These investigations demonstrate for the first time that human sympathetic ganglion neurons can be studied successfully in in vitro preparations, and hence are valuable for direct relevance to the human condition. PMID- 3167701 TI - Factors influencing ocular motility during the performance of cognitive tasks. PMID- 3167702 TI - The perception of structure in vectorpatterns by 4-month-old infants. PMID- 3167704 TI - The influence of visual target and limb information on manual aiming. PMID- 3167703 TI - Overt and covert attention and vibrotactile reaction times: gaze direction, spatial compatibility and hemispatial asymmetry. PMID- 3167705 TI - Sequential judgement effects in magnitude estimation. PMID- 3167706 TI - Spatial memory in pigeons on a four-arm radial maze. PMID- 3167707 TI - Developmental response to limb deficiency and limb replacement. PMID- 3167708 TI - Predicting language development in deaf children using subscales of the Leiter International Performance Scale. PMID- 3167709 TI - The effects of rocking on the state and respiration of normal and excessive cryers. PMID- 3167710 TI - Kindergarten performance of children born at risk. PMID- 3167711 TI - Evidence that IQ scores are irrelevant to the definition and analysis of reading disability. PMID- 3167712 TI - Lexical memory in poor and normal readers: developmental differences in the use of category cues. PMID- 3167713 TI - Qualitative assessment of the effect of play materials in dyadic peer interactions of children with autism. PMID- 3167714 TI - Reproducibility of pulmonary mechanics measurements in dairy cattle. AB - The reproducibility of pulmonary mechanics measurements in dairy cattle was examined using two study designs. In design A measurements were made with six cows on two days, and in design B measurements were made with four cows on six days. The mean coefficients of variation for within-day measurements for individuals ranged from 9.2 to 25.9% indicating considerable within-day variability. In design A there were no significant differences between days (P less than 0.05) for any measured variable for the group, but there were often significant differences between the two days for individuals. In design B there were significant cow-day interactions for all variables, again indicating significant differences between days for individuals. There were significant differences between days for the group for respiratory rate, and duration of inspiration and expiration. Both the interactions and differences between days appeared to be random. The high variability and limited reproducibility of pulmonary mechanics measurements, particularly in individual animals, indicate the need for caution in the interpretation of pulmonary mechanics measurements in dairy cattle. PMID- 3167716 TI - Minimal inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial agents against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. AB - Forty-five isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were tested for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents using a microdilution method for the minimal inhibitory concentration determinations. These results confirmed the high prevalence of A. pleuropneumoniae strains resistant to antibiotics as reported earlier using the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer method). While 36% of the isolates were resistant to the penicillins, 47% were resistant to chloramphenicol and 68% were resistant to tetracycline. Minimal inhibitory concentrations for the resistant isolates were approximately 32 times higher than those for the susceptible isolates to the above antibacterial agents. The isolates were in general weakly susceptible or resistant to spectinomycin, lincomycin, tiamulin and spiramycin whereas most of them were susceptible to gentamicin, trimethoprim and erythromycin. The susceptibility pattern was similar throughout the 1980 to 1984 period. The 14 serotype 5 isolates were more resistant to tetracycline but less resistant to chloramphenicol and the penicillins than the 28 serotype 1 isolates. PMID- 3167715 TI - Respiratory airflow patterns in ponies at rest and during exercise. AB - The exercise-induced changes in the equine breathing pattern were studied by analyzing tidal breathing flow-volume loops recorded in ten ponies both at rest and during a standardized exercise. Airflow, tidal volume, esophageal pressure and mask pressure were simultaneously recorded before, during and after a treadmill exercise. From the collected data, respiratory frequency and total pulmonary resistance were calculated, tidal breathing flow-volume loops were retraced using a computerized method and loop indices were measured for each period of the experimental protocol. For each pony, results of three consecutive daily measurements were averaged. The exercise loop indices were compared with the corresponding resting values using a one-way analysis of variance. The significantly changed indices were correlated with respiratory frequency and total pulmonary resistance. Several types of respiratory patterns were observed at rest as well as during exercise, although each pony was relatively constant in its own pattern of breathing. Most resting inspiratory and expiratory airflow curves were found to be biphasic. When ponies started running, the airflow developed an increasingly rectangular pattern. During strenuous exercise, both inspiratory and expiratory airflow curves showed a substantial increase of the volume acceleration and tended to a plateau. The loop indices relating the expiratory to the inspiratory airflow were significantly increased compared with their rest values. Correlations of these indices with respiratory frequency and total pulmonary resistance were weak.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167717 TI - The pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica for piglets. AB - The pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica, a bacterium that has been isolated frequently from healthy swine, was studied in piglets by oral challenge of two litters, one derived by cesarean section and deprived of colostrum, and the other delivered at full-term. Eight cesarean-derived piglets were divided into groups of two and challenged with four serotypes of Y. enterocolitica (O:8, O:21, O:3, O:13). Two deaths occurred and two piglets were killed because of severe illness before termination of the experiment eight days after challenge. Surviving piglets showed no clinical signs of illness. Rectal cultures were consistently positive and all cesarean-derived piglets were colonized in the small intestine and throat at necropsy. Full-term piglets were allowed access for 36 hours to sow colostrum containing low levels of antibody against the challenge strains. Six full-term piglets challenged with three serotypes of Y. enterocolitica (O:8, O:21, O:13) survived for 15 days without any signs of illness. These piglets had fewer positive rectal cultures and showed less extensive colonization of internal organs at necropsy than did cesarean-derived piglets. It is uncertain whether this increased resistance to infection with Y. enterocolitica resulted from colostrum-derived antibody, intestinal colonization with other bacteria, or an improved physical condition which accompanied full-term development. Nevertheless, the results of this challenge experiment suggest that piglets are capable of restricting colonization by Y. enterocolitica to the throat and intestinal tract without development of serious illness. PMID- 3167718 TI - Immune responses to Mycoplasma bovis vaccination and experimental infection in the bovine mammary gland. AB - This study characterized the immune responses in four vaccinated and four control cows in response to vaccination and experimental intramammary inoculation with Mycoplasma bovis. Specific antibody responses occurred in serum and milk in response to vaccination and experimental infection. Lymphocytes from peripheral blood, but not from the mammary gland of vaccinated cows had increased responsiveness to mitogens. No lymphocytes tested were responsive to M. bovis antigen. Both vaccination and experimental infection resulted in skin test reactivity. These results imply that vaccination results in immune responses which may alter the course of experimental M. bovis mastitis, but may contribute to cellular inflammation. PMID- 3167719 TI - Concentration-time interactions in hydrogen sulphide toxicity in rats. AB - Concentration-time interactions were investigated in young male and female Sprague-Dawley, Long Evans and Fischer-344 rats exposed to hydrogen sulphide for two, four or six hours. Higher concentrations caused more deaths, with no significant difference for duration of exposure. A significant sex effect was noted with 30% mortality in males and 20% in females, with no significant difference among strains. Changes in weight were significant: increasing with concentration, higher in males than in females, different among strains (Fischer 344 less than Sprague Dawley less than Long Evans), and affected by duration of exposure. Lethal concentration values (LC50 and LC10) were estimated, for the pooled data set (n = 456); the probit equation was Y = -5.74749 + 3.8259X where X is log10 dose of hydrogen sulphide in parts per million. The LC50/LC10 values were 644/298 parts per million (902/417 mg m-3) respectively. Individual probit analyses were also performed for strain, hours of exposure and sex. The LC50 and LC10 values for male, female and strain were not different. Significant differences were observed among LC50/LC10 values for hours of exposure (2 h = 587/549 parts per million, 822/769 mg m-3; 4 h = 501/422 parts per million, 701/591 mg m-3; 6 h = 335/299 parts per million, 469/491 mg m-3). There was no effect of spatial position in the exposure chamber on the distribution of mortality. All rats of all strains dying had severe pulmonary edema. PMID- 3167720 TI - Open canalicular system of platelets in porcine stress syndrome. AB - A study was undertaken to test whether a previously reported alteration in platelet morphology could be of predictive value for the detection of stress susceptibility in pigs. Platelets from 20 normal pigs, nine pigs classified as stress-susceptible on the basis of their response to halothane challenge, and 11 siblings of halothane reactors belonging to two different breeds were subjected to electron microscopic examination. A quantitative analysis of electron micrographs, based on the extent of dilatation of the open canalicular system in platelets and the percentage of affected platelets, revealed that halothane reactor pigs could be distinguished from normal animals on the basis of their open canalicular system score. The discrete nature of the score categories in siblings indicates that platelet alteration may be an inherent component of the porcine stress syndrome and suggests that some of the false negatives in the halothane test may be identified as stress-susceptible on this criterion. Further studies involving a larger number of halothane reactors and siblings are needed to ascertain the consistency of the open canalicular system features and eventually, to develop a simple test system based on platelet alterations for the detection of stress-susceptibility in pigs. PMID- 3167721 TI - Prevalence of trichinosis in Canadian swine determined serologically by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. AB - Fifteen thousand three hundred and eighteen porcine sera from all regions of Canada were examined for the presence of anti-Trichinella antibodies using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with an excretory-secretory antigen. Four sera (0.026%) revealed the presence of anti-Trichinella antibodies, with titers (optical density readings) that fell in the low positive or high negative range on repeated examinations. One animal originated in British Columbia and three in Ontario. Serological examination of swine in the herds at time of traceback did not reveal further animals with anti-Trichinella antibodies. PMID- 3167723 TI - IPPNW: forum for Soviet anti-American propaganda? PMID- 3167722 TI - Auditory-evoked responses of dogs with different hearing abilities. AB - Sixteen dogs were separated into three groups, based on clinical impressions of their abilities to hear and historical information pertaining to their hearing loss: group I (n = 7) had normal hearing, group II (n = 4) had reduced hearing and group III (n = 5) were deaf. Monaural clicks of alternating polarities were used to elicit brainstem auditory-evoked responses. The responses of the normal group and of the reduced hearing group consistently had four major peaks (I, II, III-IV, V) with latencies similar to those previously reported in dogs with normal hearing. No difference (p greater than or equal to 0.05) was found in mean latencies of the four major waveforms when comparing the normal group with the reduced hearing group. Significant reductions in mean amplitudes of waves I (p less than 0.01) and II (p less than 0.025) were found in the reduced hearing group. No recognizable waves could be recorded from the deaf group, indicating a lack of peripheral auditory function. PMID- 3167724 TI - Chauvinism in the medico-political arena. PMID- 3167725 TI - Fatal food allergy. PMID- 3167726 TI - Living wills. PMID- 3167727 TI - Safari to Kenya. PMID- 3167728 TI - Abortion. PMID- 3167729 TI - Are physicians' opinions about chiropractors changing? PMID- 3167730 TI - Diaper dermatitis: another simple remedy. PMID- 3167731 TI - Importance of counselling in HIV antibody testing. PMID- 3167732 TI - Candidiasis: current misconceptions. Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee, Canadian Paediatric Society. PMID- 3167733 TI - Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in female prisoners in British Columbia. AB - The annual incidence rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), grades I to III, from 1975 to 1983 among 2440 prisoners in British Columbia for whom a history of screening by means of the Papanicolaou test was available were two to three times higher than the expected rates in the general female population of British Columbia. The rates among the prisoners from 1970 to 1984, although small, increased with a trend similar to that in the general population. Despite increases in the general population we conclude that prisoners are still at high risk for CIN. PMID- 3167734 TI - Do female general practitioners have a distinctive type of medical practice? AB - Using data collected in 1983-84 for a representative sample of 736 general practitioners practising in Quebec, we compared the practice characteristics of the 296 female physicians and the 320 male physicians who agreed to participate. The female doctors were more likely than the male doctors to favour salaried practice in local community health centres, to practise in an urban setting and to have an office-based practice. The female physicians had a less diversified type of practice, being less involved in hospital care, emergency care, home care and administrative work. Sex differences were more marked for physicians in fee for-service practice than for salaried physicians. Given the increasing numbers of women in the medical profession, these findings are of special interest since they indicate distinctive differences in medical practice between women and men. PMID- 3167736 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome and amyloidosis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 3167735 TI - Investigation of the criteria for involuntary admission to a general hospital. AB - The case records of all patients admitted involuntarily to the psychiatric unit of a teaching general hospital between May 1, 1985, and Apr. 30, 1986, were examined to assess the criteria used for admission in relation to several patient characteristics. Of the 55 patients 42 were admitted under the terms of form 1 (application for psychiatric assessment) and 13 under the terms of form 3 (certificate of involuntary admission). All of the former patients and 70% of the latter were admitted under the criteria for dangerousness; however, one-third of these patients had failed to show any evidence of violent or suicidal behaviour. Most of the patients admitted because of their dangerousness had a nonpsychotic disorder, whereas 83% of those admitted because of lack of competence had a psychotic disorder. These findings are discussed in relation to the criteria for involuntary admission in the 1980 Mental Health Act of Ontario. The difficulties encountered in the admission process by physicians appear to be the result of a lack of clinical considerations and a predominant emphasis on dangerousness. PMID- 3167737 TI - Intoxication from vitamin A in an asthmatic child. PMID- 3167739 TI - Home birth: "we did it, all of us". PMID- 3167738 TI - Despite CMA misgivings, support for midwifery appears to be growing. PMID- 3167741 TI - The CMA wants doctors to play an active role in federal election. PMID- 3167742 TI - Medical geography: MDs should pay heed to "airs, waters, places". PMID- 3167740 TI - An eye on Nepal: we have much to teach, and much to learn. PMID- 3167743 TI - Ontario MDs worried new law threatens confidentiality of patient records. PMID- 3167744 TI - The future need for schools of public health in Canada. PMID- 3167745 TI - Human genes: determinants of sick populations and sick patients. PMID- 3167746 TI - The response of Winnipeg retail shops and restaurants to a bylaw regulating smoking in public place. PMID- 3167747 TI - A survey of Winnipeg restaurant patrons' attitudes toward nonsmoking areas. PMID- 3167748 TI - Quantitative risk assessment of exposure to airborne asbestos in an office building. PMID- 3167749 TI - Lung cancer and air pollution in an industrial city--a geographical analysis. PMID- 3167750 TI - Who intends to participate in health promotion programs after retirement? PMID- 3167752 TI - Survival patterns of nursing home admissions and their policy implications. PMID- 3167751 TI - [All-terrain vehicle physical injuries: the case of 3- and 4-wheeled vehicles]. PMID- 3167754 TI - Cervical cancer screening. PMID- 3167753 TI - Nutritional status of firefighters. PMID- 3167755 TI - What is a specialist? PMID- 3167756 TI - The process and politics of writing for publication. PMID- 3167757 TI - A structural perspective of nurse manager and clinical nurse specialist collaboration. PMID- 3167758 TI - Clinical nurse specialist role definition and operationalization. PMID- 3167759 TI - Entering the system as a clinical specialist using the medium of the patient care conference. PMID- 3167760 TI - Identifying researchable problems. PMID- 3167761 TI - Evaluating the impact of a clinical nurse specialist. PMID- 3167762 TI - Clinical implications of the growing consumer involvement in health care delivery. PMID- 3167763 TI - Informed consent: an ethical dilemma having life/death and legal implications. PMID- 3167765 TI - Early changes in parathyroid function after high-dose irradiation of the neck. AB - Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) will develop years later in a number of patients irradiated to the neck for benign diseases. Twenty-nine patients with malignant diseases were studied for 3 years after irradiation with cancer therapeutic doses to the neck. The serum concentration of parathyroid hormone (iPTH) showed an increasing trend suggesting that HPT also might develop in these patients. PMID- 3167764 TI - Inhibition of the development of tumors or leukemia in mice and rats after reduction of food intake. Possible implications for humans. AB - Recent data referring to the influence of a restricted diet on the incidence of radiation-induced tumors and leukemia in rats and mice are reviewed. The incidence of tumors developing in rats exposed to total-body gamma irradiation was reduced from 93% to 35% in female rats and from 59% to 7% in male rats after restriction of food intake. In a similar study carried out on mice, the incidence of leukemia in irradiated mice of both sexes was reduced from 50% to 4% after restriction of food intake. Radiation-induced leukemia in mice is caused by a transmissible virus activated by total-body gamma irradiation. In most of the animal species investigated thus far, tumors, leukemia, and lymphomas were found to be caused by transmissible viruses. It appears that activation of some of these latent viruses could be prevented by restriction of food intake. If the results of experiments carried out on mice and rats are extrapolated for humans, it would follow that all of us (particularly those who have had multiple cases of cancer or leukemia among family members) should aim at holding our weight below the limits considered normal for our age, sex, and height. This appears particularly important for persons that have been exposed to large doses of ionizing radiation. PMID- 3167766 TI - Amino acid profiles in tumor-bearing and pair-fed nontumor-bearing malnourished rats. AB - To investigate the metabolic and organ changes accompanying growth of a malignant tumor, ten male Fisher 344 rats weighing 150 to 200 g were inoculated subcutaneously with 10(6) viable MCA sarcoma cells (tumor-bearing). Ten other rats (controls) were similarly inoculated with saline. Both groups were allowed food and water ad libitum. An additional ten rats (pair-fed) were inoculated with saline and fed the same mean daily food intake as the tumor-bearing rats. Thirty five days after inoculation the rats were killed by exsanguination. Livers, spleens, and tumors were weighed, and amino acid profiles and biochemical parameters were measured. Liver and spleen weights in tumor-bearing rats were significantly greater than control rats (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively). Liver weight in pair-fed rats was significantly less than control rats (P less than 0.01), but spleen weight was greater (P less than 0.01). Amino acid profiles of tumor-bearing rats and pair-fed rats were different from each other and from those of control rats. Branched-chain amino acids were lowest in tumor-bearing rats and significantly different from control and pair-fed rats. Lysine was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) and arginine significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in tumor-bearing rats compared with control rats. These different plasma amino acid profiles and changes in serum biochemistry of cachectic tumor-bearing rats compared with malnourished pair-fed rats suggest specific tumor effects on host metabolism not mediated solely by anorexia. PMID- 3167767 TI - Correlation of DNA ploidy and proliferative activity in human gastric cancer. AB - Analysis of DNA ploidy patterns was performed on 129 cases of primary gastric cancer and the results were correlated with histologic findings and in vivo bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. Forty-nine cases were diploid (38%) and 80 cases were aneuploid (62%). There was no correlation between DNA ploidy and histologic type. In aneuploid tumors, incidence of lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, and rate of advanced cases were significantly higher than those in diploid tumors. During the follow-up period of 5 to 10 years, 23 of 40 patients (55%) with aneuploid tumors died of disease within 3 to 120 months. Only 13 of 36 patients (36%) with diploid tumors died of disease. The BrdU labeling indices (BrdU LI) ranged from 2.8% to 26.7%, with a mean of 10.4%. There was no correlation between BrdU LI and histologic type or stage. The mean BrdU LI of early cancers was 8.1%. The mean BrdU LI of advanced cancers was 11.9%. The BrdU LI of cancers with lymphatic invasion or lymph node metastasis was higher than those without them. The mean BrdU LI of diploid cancers was 6.0%. The mean BrdU LI of aneuploid cancers was 11.9%. There was a good correlation between BrdU LI and DNA ploidy patterns. These results indicate that DNA ploidy patterns and BrdU LI may possibly be useful prognostic markers for gastric cancers. PMID- 3167768 TI - The possibility of nonpolypoid carcinogenesis in the large intestine as inferred from frequencies of DNA aneuploidy of polypoid and crater-shaped carcinomas. AB - DNA ploidy patterns were studied by cytofluorometry in 60 cases of crater-shaped invasive carcinoma and 30 cases of polypoid tumor (severe dysplasia or submucosally invasive carcinoma located in the pedunculated, semipedunculated, or sessile polyp) of the large intestine. The data were compared with 20 cases of intramucosal differentiated (or intestinal type) adenocarcinoma of the stomach, with special reference to their macroscopic shape and frequency of DNA aneuploidy. DNA aneuploidy was found in 77% of the crater-shaped carcinomas and in 17% of the polypoid tumors of the large intestine. The frequencies were significantly different and the frequency gap amounted to 60%. However, 18 of 20 (90%) gastric adenocarcinomas were nonpolypoid in shape, whereas two (10%) were polypoid. DNA aneuploidy was found in 50% of the gastric adenocarcinomas and 56% of the nonpolypoid gastric adenocarcinomas. This value did not differ from the values reported previously for the submucosally invasive and advanced crater shaped intestinal type adenocarcinomas of the stomach. Biologic characteristics of adenocarcinomas of the large intestine can be compared with those of intestinal type adenocarcinomas of the stomach, because intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma is surrounded mostly by intestinalized mucosa and considered to arise from the epithelium under induction or progression of intestinal differentiation. Therefore, we inferred that the frequency gap in DNA aneuploidy between the crater-shaped and polypoid tumors of the large intestine implies that in the large intestine approximately 60% of the crater-shaped invasive carcinomas develop from the small nonpolypoid carcinomas. PMID- 3167769 TI - Coexistence of intraepithelial carcinoma and glandular differentiation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. AB - A review of 249 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus showed 77 cases (30.9%) with intraepithelial carcinoma contiguous to the main lesion. There were 48 cases (19.3%) with glandular and/or mucus-secreting components, in addition to the usual components of squamous cell carcinoma. Coexistence of intraepithelial carcinoma was observed in 20 cases (41.7%) among 48 with glandular differentiation, as compared with 57 cases (28.4%) without this differentiation. Of the 20 cases with glandular differentiation without preoperative irradiation, there were 16 (80.0%) containing areas of intraepithelial carcinoma. Moreover, among 77 cases with intraepithelial carcinoma, 20 (26.0%) were accompanied by glandular differentiation. Of nine tumors restricted to the mucosal or submucosal layer in 48 cases with glandular differentiation and in 44 of 203 cases without such differentiation, there were eight cases (88.9%) and 31 cases (70.5%) containing the areas of intraepithelial carcinoma, compared with rates of 30.8% and 16.6%, respectively, in the advanced carcinomas. Therefore, in the early carcinomas with glandular differentiation, there often coexist intraepithelial carcinomas. This high incidence of the coexistence of intraepithelial carcinoma and glandular differentiation, particularly in early cancers, supports the theory of a field carcinogenesis of esophageal carcinomas. PMID- 3167770 TI - A unique pattern of proto-oncogene abnormalities in ovarian adenocarcinomas. AB - Twelve cases of ovarian adenocarcinoma were studied for alterations in proto oncogenes, and a unique pattern of altered ras proto-oncogenes was observed. Amplification of ras-Ki was found in three of seven ovarian tumors and amplification of ras-Ha in one of 12. In contrast, ras-Ha amplification was not found in any of the 334 other tumors and ras-Ki amplification was only seen in breast cancer at a frequency of 3%. Other proto-oncogenes altered in ovarian adenocarcinomas included c-myc and c-erbb-2. Proto-oncogene abnormalities were more frequent in aggressive tumors of high histologic grade. PMID- 3167771 TI - Simultaneous soft agar cloning of ascites and solid tumor specimens from patients with ovarian cancer. AB - Concurrent Cloning Efficiencies (CE) of both ascites and solid tumor samples from 36 patients with ovarian carcinoma were studied using the soft agar assay. The CE of both were highly variable (range, 0-1.234% and 0-0.802%, respectively). There was marked intrapatient and interpatient heterogeneity in the CE. Of the 36 tested, comparative CE were evaluable in 29. CE was 0 in both solid tumor and ascites in one patient. CE was 0 in four other ascites samples from four patients. In other 24, the relative CE of solid tumor/ascites from each patient ranged from 0.066 to 435. In the 29 patients with samples of ascites and a solid tumor evaluable for concurrent CE, the median colony counts of solid tumors was more than tenfold higher than ascites. The solid tumors obtained from 31 patients had a significantly higher CE than tumor cells obtained from ascites samples from 32 patients. Solid tumors were significantly better than ascites for in vitro testing based on the data that 75% (27/36) of solid tumors and only 31% (11/36) of ascites formed greater than or equal to 30 colonies. The drug sensitivity profiles of tumor cells from a solid tumor and ascites of the same patient appear similar. Based on these observations, it may be more cost and labor effective to do soft agar in vitro chemotherapy assays using a solid tumor than ascites in ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 3167772 TI - Tenckhoff catheter cytology in patients with ovarian cancer. AB - In order to expose malignant cells to high concentrations of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, drugs can be instilled directly into the peritoneal cavity of patients with ovarian carcinomas through a Tenckhoff catheter. The peritoneal dialysate removed during such therapy can be examined cytologically for the presence of carcinoma cells. The cytologic specimens from Tenckhoff catheters from 40 consecutive patients with primary ovarian (39) and tubal (1) cancer who received intraperitoneal chemotherapy have been reviewed retrospectively. A total of 237 specimens yielded 78 (33%) positive, 138 (58%) negative, and 21 (9%) inconclusive or suspicious fluids. The major diagnostic problem was the marked mesothelial atypia, which may be related to the high concentrations of cytotoxic agents intimately in contact with the peritoneum. Of the 15 patients who had tissue examined after placement of the catheter (mean interval, 5 months), results agreed with those of the catheter cytologic specimens in ten patients. The catheter cytologic specimen was never positive when histology was negative. Of the 36 patients with evaluable follow-up (mean, 19 months), agreement between the clinical course and the catheter cytologic results was found in 27 patients (75%). Again, interpretation of the catheter specimens was never positive in the face of a benign clinical course. Thus, evaluation of catheter specimens by cytologic examination has a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 59% and 100%, respectively. Tenckhoff catheter cytology has proven to be a rather valuable tool to monitor persistent or recurrent intraperitoneal ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 3167773 TI - Small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. AB - From 1962 to 1985, 2201 patients with invasive cervical cancer were staged, evaluated, and treated at the University of Kentucky Medical Center. After a thorough evaluation, 25 cases (1.1%) fulfilled the histologic criteria for small cell cancer defined by Reagan and coworkers. These patients were computer-matched for age, disease stage, and lesion size to 25 patients with large cell nonkeratinizing cancer and 25 patients with keratinizing squamous cell cancer. Morphometric analyses of nuclear size and maximum nuclear diameter were performed on all cases without knowledge of cell type. Small cell cancers were characterized by a nuclear area of 160 mu 2 or less and a maximum nuclear diameter of 16.2 mu, which was significantly lower than that for large cell tumors. Thirty-three percent of the small cell carcinomas stained positively for the neuroendocrine markers (neuron-specific enolase [NSE] and chromogranin [CGR]), whereas the remainder contained only epithelial markers such as cytokeratin (CYK) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Small cell cancers were associated with a high frequency of lymph-vascular space invasion and a diminished lymphoplasmacytic response. Patients with small cell cancer had a significantly higher recurrence rate, particularly to extrapelvic sites, than the matched patients with large cell cancers, and their survival was lower. Clinical trials to determine the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of small cell cervical cancer are needed. PMID- 3167774 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels of peripheral and draining venous blood in colorectal cancer patients. Correlation with histopathologic and immunohistochemical variables. AB - Correlation between carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels of peripheral and draining venous blood, and 11 histopathologic and immunohistochemical variables was examined in 83 patients with colorectal cancer. CEA levels of draining blood (mean 34.5 ng/ml and positive rate greater than 5 ng/ml, 60.2%) were significantly higher than those (13.0 ng/ml and 28.9%) of peripheral blood. However, CA19-9 levels (mean 576.1 U/ml and positive rate greater than 37 U/ml, 29.5%) of draining blood were not different from those (568.0 U/ml and 29.5%) of peripheral blood. Immunohistochemically, CEA was observed in all of the 83 specimens and distributed in most of all cancer cells, whereas CA19-9 was found in 52 (62.5%) of the 83 specimens and sporadically distributed in some parts of cancer lesions in general. Elevation of CEA levels in draining and peripheral blood was most highly correlated with venous invasion, although the levels were related to four other histopathologic variables including liver metastasis, invasive layer of colorectal wall, lymphatic invasion, and Dukes' classification. Significant correlation between the CEA localized pattern of cancer cells was not found. Patients with CA19-9 nonlocalized cancer showed no elevation of the antigen levels in both peripheral and draining blood. The elevation of CA19-9 levels in peripheral blood of patients with CA19-9 localized cancer was most highly associated with lymphatic invasion, although the levels were correlated with five other variables consisting of liver metastasis, tumor differentiation, invasive layer of colorectal wall, venous invasion, and Dukes' classification out of 11 histopathologic and immunohistochemical variables. CEA levels of draining blood rose from 18.2 ng/ml and 40.3% to 30.1 ng/ml and 72.6%, respectively, after operative stimuli to cancer lesions, whereas the change of CA19-9 levels in draining blood of patients with CA19-9 localized cancer was not found during the time of operation. These results suggest that CEA may be drained mainly by the hematogenous portal system by the draining vein from the cancer cells in the invasive veins and that CA19-9 may be drained by the thoracic duct of the lymphatic system. It is also suggested that the CEA and CA19-9 elevation-relating variables may secondarily affect the CEA and CA19-9 elevation in the blood in association with the venous and lymphatic invasion of cancer lesions, respectively. PMID- 3167775 TI - Metabolism in hematologic malignancy. AB - The authors used isotopic infusions of 6-3H-glucose, U-14C-glucose, and 14C-urea and calorimetry to investigate energy expenditure and metabolic profiles in 19 patients with hematologic malignancy. The average age of these patients was 62 years. Eleven patients had either leukemia or myeloproliferative disorders (LEMP). The rest had lymphoma (LYMPH). The Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) in the LYMPH patients was 1015 +/- 115 kcal/24 hr. This value in the LEMP group was significantly elevated at 2083 +/- 270 kcal/24 hr (P less than 0.025) despite similar weights and ages between the two groups. Net Protein Catabolism (NPC) in the LYMPH group was 82 +/- 29 mg/kg.hr. In contrast the value in the LEMP group was more than doubled at 174 +/- 30 mg/kg.hr (P less than 0.05). Glucose production in the LYMPH group was 14.1 +/- 2.7 mumol/kg.min, and the percent of glucose uptake oxidized in the LYMPH group was 37% +/- 9%. In contrast, glucose production in the LEMP group was significantly elevated (P less than 0.025) at 41.0 +/- 8.1 mumol/kg.min, and the percent of glucose uptake oxidized was significantly depressed (P less than 0.05) at 20% +/- 4% compared with the value in the LYMPH group. Glucose recycling in the LYMPH group was 9.0% +/- 6%. In the LEMP group the rate of recycling was significantly elevated at 60.3% +/- 4.8% (P less than 0.005). The percent suppression of endogenous glucose turnover during glucose infusion in the LYMPH group was 96% +/- 4%. The value for the LEMP patients was significantly less at 30.2% +/- 5% (P less than 0.0005). The serum cortisol concentration in the LYMPH patients was 285 +/- 74 nmol/l. The value in the LEMP patients was significantly higher (P less than 0.005) at 579 +/- 22 nmol/l. The authors concluded that hematologic malignancy is not a homogeneous group when evaluated metabolically. Lymphoma patients are similar metabolically to normal volunteers, but LEMP patients form a distinct group with major abnormalities in both glucose and protein kinetics and energy expenditure. PMID- 3167776 TI - Menstrual factors and breast cancer risk. AB - Relationships between menstrual factors and breast cancer risk were investigated in a prospective study of 63,090 Norwegian women. A total of 1565 cases of breast cancer occurred during follow-up from 1961 through 1980. The risk of breast cancer decreased with increasing age at menarche (P = 0.06) and increased with increasing age at menopause (P = 0.005) in analyses adjusted for age, urban/rural place of residence, parity, and age at first and last birth. The results correspond to an average increase in breast cancer risk of 4.0% for each year of decrease in age at menarche, and an increase in risk of 3.6% for each year of increase in age at menopause. The protective effect of early menopause was strongest for breast cancer diagnosed in patients 80 years of age or older. No clear relationship was seen between menstrual irregularities and breast cancer risk. PMID- 3167777 TI - Cancer of the male breast with prolonged survival. AB - A retrospective review of patients suffering from male breast cancer was carried out at the Shands Teaching Hospital of the University of Florida. Thirteen evaluable cases were analyzed. Three patients were in Stage I, two patients in Stage II, none in Stage III, and eight in Stage IV. Two of the patients with Stage IV disease have had remarkably prolonged survivals of 194 months and 128 months. Such prolonged survivals are unusual. It is possible that the biology of male breast cancer is different from the female, and the disease should be approached more optimistically than it has in the past. PMID- 3167779 TI - Risk factors for varicella zoster disseminated infection among adult cancer patients with localized zoster. AB - Varicella zoster (VZ) infection can be a highly morbid and potentially fatal disease among immunocompromised patients; 811 episodes of VZ infection among adult cancer patients seen at the Princess Margaret Hospital from 1970 to 1980, were identified. Seven hundred twelve patients with first episodes of localized VZ infection (zoster) were analyzed for potential risk factors for dissemination. Significant risk factors after univariate analysis included the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease, decreasing age, chemotherapy within 6 months of VZ infection, and extensive tumor at initial tumor diagnosis. Complete tumor remission at the time of infection, previous radiotherapy, and breast or gynecologic cancer were associated with reduced risk in this analysis. After multivariate analysis the following factors were independently associated with increased risk: Hodgkin's disease (P less than 0.001), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (P = 0.016), and head and neck cancer (P = 0.043). Complete tumor remission and previous radiotherapy were again related to a reduced risk of infection. This study identifies risk factors that define specific subgroups of adult cancer patients with zoster infections who are at increased risk for VZ dissemination. These factors may be useful in prospectively defining high-risk groups in the design of antiviral therapy trials and may have a role in deciding which cancer patients with zoster will benefit most from receiving antiviral therapy to prevent dissemination. PMID- 3167778 TI - Extended resection for primary colorectal carcinoma involving adjacent organs or structures. AB - Involvement of adjacent organs by colorectal cancer has been associated historically with poor local control and survival. This can be improved by en bloc extended resection. A retrospective review was done of 58 patients who underwent this procedure. The operative mortality was 5%. Cases were divided into Gunderson-Sosin Stages B3 and C3. Five-year survival was markedly better for Stage B3 (64% versus 11%). Regardless of stage, local recurrence was increased, and 5-year survival decreased for those cancers with carcinomatous adhesions. At surgery, lesions cannot be staged accurately into C3 or B3 cancers. All such lesions should be resected. The B3 patients have a significant chance for cure, and C3 patients will have good local control despite their dismal 5-year survival. PMID- 3167780 TI - Referral of lung cancer patients to university hospital cancer centers. A population-based study in two rural states. AB - To determine whether the referral of lung cancer patients to university cancer centers was related to nonclinical factors, the medical charts were reviewed for almost all lung cancer patients diagnosed during the period of 1973-1976 in New Hampshire and Vermont. Greater distance from a cancer center, lower functional status, and age over 75 years were all inversely related to the use of university cancer centers both for diagnosis and for referral for treatment. Tumor cell type, patient marital status, and private medical insurance coverage were not related to the likelihood of being diagnosed in or referred to a university cancer center. In rural areas distance from a specialized medical center may be the dominant factor in determining whether patients are referred, especially for a disease such as lung cancer in which referral does not offer substantial survival advantages. PMID- 3167781 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Turkey. AB - Between 1982 and 1986, 185 adult patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were studied at Cukurova University Hospital (CUH), Adana, Turkey. This constituted 13% of all malignant neoplasms diagnosed in the oncology clinic. The mean age for men was 45.5 years and 41 years for women. Fifty-four percent of the cases were nodal lymphoma and the remaining 46% were extranodal lymphoma. Sixty-six percent of the extranodal lymphoma cases were gastrointestinal lymphoma. The stomach was the most common localization (43%), followed by intestinal involvement (30%) and abdominal mass (27%). The mean age of the patients with gastric lymphoma was 49 years, and 36 years for patients with abdominal mass. The following conclusions were reached: (1) the relative frequency rate of NHL in South Turkey is higher than Turkey averages, but similar to other Middle East countries; (2) extranodal lymphomas account for more than 40% of all lymphomas; (3) gastric lymphoma is more prevalent than intestinal lymphoma in our region; and (4) compared with western gastric lymphomas, our patients were 10 years younger and had a higher incidence of small lymphocytic and immunoblastic lymphoma. PMID- 3167782 TI - Population-based estimate of survival and determinants of prognosis in patients with mycosis fungoides. AB - Mycosis fungoides is the most common cutaneous lymphoma in the US, and it is increasing rapidly in both incidence and mortality. Our knowledge of its prognosis derives primarily from case series, which are subject to possible selection bias and other limitations. The current analysis examines trends in survival and prognostic factors in data from nine population-based cancer registries in the US. Among the 650 cases followed with known dates of diagnosis and no history of prior malignancy, the median survival time was 7.8 years. Advanced age, black race, prior malignancy, and Sezary syndrome presence at the time of diagnosis were each independently associated with poor prognosis. Fatality was not influenced by sex or geographic area. There was no consistent evidence of improved survival with time over the 12-year study period. PMID- 3167784 TI - American Cancer Society: Second National Conference on Cancer Prevention and Detection. June 25-27, 1987, Seattle, Washington. Proceedings. PMID- 3167783 TI - Reflections on disease prevention. PMID- 3167785 TI - Cancer development and its natural history. A cancer prevention perspective. AB - In the design of new approaches to cancer prevention, it is important to realize that most cancers develop stepwise over a long period of time with nonmalignant precursor lesions that only slowly evolve toward cancer. With many chemicals and some radiations, as well as some viruses (DNA and some retroviruses), cancer development can be divided into 3 major stages or periods, initiation, promotion and progression. Initiation is frequently associated with a more or less permanent change in the phenotype of a rare target cell, presumably due to a change in base composition in DNA or to gene rearrangements. During promotion, these rare cells expand by proliferation to generate focal proliferations that resemble benign neoplasms. These in turn exercise at least one of two options, regression to normal appearing tissue or slow evolution to cancer. Progression is self generating but can be modulated by dietary manipulations or by other drugs or xenobiotics. The prolonged nature of the promotion-progression stages in most tissues and its modulatability indicate that these stages are vulnerable sites for the development of dietary and other ways to prevent the progression to cancer. This overall pattern is known to occur in the liver, skin and urinary bladder and is probable in several other tissues or organs including the colon, breast and pancreas. What we know about the human suggests that the patterns may be very similar for cancer development in many sites. The best worked out is melanoma. The phenotypic pattern of the precursor lesions in the experimental animals is remarkably similar in any single organ. For example, the hepatocyte nodules are very similar to each other with many different carcinogens and promoting environments even though the ultimate cancers are quite heterogeneous and diverse. The diversity and heterogeneity appears to be an acquisition that is quite late in the step-by-step development of cancer. Although its exact step has not been delineated as yet, it appears to be acquired as malignancy is. Unlike the cancers, the commonality or homogeneity in the precursor lesions offers many opportunities for interrupting the process and thus in preventing cancer. The experience to date in experimental systems with some hormones, drugs and dietary manipulations indicates that inhibition of the development of cancer may be most readily achieved by affecting the promotion and progression sequences in carcinogenesis. PMID- 3167786 TI - Descriptive and analytic epidemiology. Bridges to cancer control. AB - Epidemiology serves as a bridge between basic science and cancer control. The two major orientations of epidemiology are descriptive and analytic. The former is useful in assessing the scope and dimensions of the cancer problem and the latter is used to assess environmental and lifestyle sources of cancer risk. A recent development in descriptive epidemiology is the use of functional measures of disease such as lost life expectancy. In analytical epidemiology, there is new or renewed interest in several lifestyle factors including diet and exercise as well as environmental factors such as involuntary tobacco exposure and radon in dwellings. Review of the evidence should consider the strengths and weaknesses of different research procedures. Each method is inconclusive by itself but, the different research designs of epidemiology collectively may represent a hierarchy of proof. Although the roles of many factors remain to be defined, the aggregate epidemiologic data continue to demonstrate the special importance of personal behavior and lifestyle in affecting cancer risk. PMID- 3167787 TI - Carcinogen testing. Fact and fallacy. AB - In the absence of human information on the carcinogenicity of chemical substances, one must rely primarily on information from long-term animal testing. Although far from perfect, animal studies seem to be reasonable predictors of the human experience, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Short-term tests for genotoxicity may be helpful for establishing priorities for chemical testing, but they are not as strong indicators of potential carcinogenicity as had been previously thought. New directions in toxicologic research hold the promise for scientists being able to perform more reasoned assessments of carcinogenic risk. PMID- 3167788 TI - The gene responsible for the development of retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma. AB - The gene responsible for the formation of both retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma recently has been isolated. This represents the first human recessive cancer gene ever cloned. Structural deletions within one or both retinoblastoma gene alleles were commonly noted in the retinoblastomas and an osteosarcoma. Whether or not changes were observed at the DNA level there was either no expression or an abnormal expression of the gene in the tumor. The fact that we could detect changes in the fibroblasts of some patients with the hereditary form of retinoblastoma also indicates that the gene can be used for diagnostic purposes. PMID- 3167789 TI - Personal risk factors. What do they mean? AB - Epidemiologic studies have identified myriad factors related to cancer risk. Risk can be quantified on the basis of demographic factors, genetics, occupation, medical conditions, and lifestyle. Existing evidence suggests that: (1) individuals at risk often are unaware of their risk; (2) physicians may not know well those factors associated with the highest cancer risk; and (3) methods to reduce risk have been under-applied because of lack of knowledge, lack of funds, or lack of motivation among both patients and physicians. Methods to reduce risk do not follow the usual medical model in that those groups requiring risk modification intervention usually are symptom free. Evidence indicates that elimination of tobacco use would reduce lung cancer deaths by 83% and substantially reduce the incidence of head and neck malignancies. Broad application of mammographic screening would effect a 30% reduction in breast cancer mortality. Dietary modification could potentially reduce cancer mortality by 30%. An effective program to reduce cancer risk will accomplish the following: (1) develop new and refine existing risk factor measurements to improve identification of individuals at risk; (2) apply risk factor identification and modification more completely to populations known to be at risk; (3) use combinations of risk factors to identify subpopulations at the highest risk; (4) apply existing prevention and screening modalities more broadly and uniformly; (5) identify new screening strategies with improved test performance and cost effectiveness to maximize screening efficiency; and (6) provide accurate and rapid means of risk assessment and quantification using the best available multivariate estimates of risk. An emphasis on education of primary care physicians to practice cancer prevention programs focused on personal risk profiles is reasonable since the populations these physicians serve express risk factors which represent 50% of the attributable risk for cancer in the US. A summary of site-specific risk factors which are amenable to intervention by primary care physicians is provided. PMID- 3167790 TI - Trends in smoking, cancer risk, and cigarette promotion. Current priorities for reducing tobacco exposure. AB - Tobacco use in the US is currently responsible for more than 30% of all cancer deaths, including cancers of the lung, larynx, oral cavity, pharynx, pancreas, kidney, bladder, and cervix. The lung cancer epidemic in men and then women since the turn of the century followed an increased prevalence of cigarette smoking. Recent declines in lung cancer rates in men reflect a decline in men's smoking prevalence over the past few decades. However, lung cancer is still the major cause of cancer death in men and is now essentially tied with breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer death in women. The demography of smoking has markedly altered over time, so that current efforts to prevent tobacco use should address young women, ethnic minorities, lower socioeconomic groups, and Third World populations. The tobacco industry's aggressive strategies to promote tobacco use should also be monitored, publicized, and countered. Relevant activities for the individual health-care practitioner are suggested here. Because more than 25% of Americans are still smoking, our priority in cancer prevention must be to continually encourage the reduction of tobacco use. PMID- 3167791 TI - Principles of changing health behavior. AB - Successful implementation of clinical preventive care programs is a shared responsibility of patients and health care professionals. The physician often laments patient failure to follow directions while the same patient complains that instructions were never given. Health care professionals should strive to "practice as they preach." They need to assure that their patients have clearly understood the recommendations and that patient concerns are assessed and addressed. Similarly, patients need to participate more actively in their own health care and to assume greater initiative in getting their questions answered and their concerns addressed. To increase the likelihood of these actions and their intended health behavior changes, a set of principles derived from theory and research can be followed. These principles represent a way to understand and influence the health behavior of physicians and patients. The principles are interactive and complementary and are based on the elements that appear to be associated with successful educational programs. Consideration of these principles in the conduct of educational diagnoses, interventions, and health education programs increases the incidence and durability of behavior change. PMID- 3167793 TI - Detection and prevention of uterine cancer. AB - The two major uterine cancers, squamous carcinoma of the cervix and adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, are highly vulnerable to detection technology and, therefore, secondary prevention. High risk groups for each have been defined, cancer precursors described, i.e., dysplasia of the cervix and adenomatous hyperplasia of the endometrium, and efficient screening methods made available. For the cervical tumor cytologic testing is most appropriate, while histologic screening is more efficient for endometrial precursor lesions. The strategies of approach of these accessible tumors are models for detection and prevention methods elsewhere in the body and we should exploit them to virtual eradication of these uterine tumors. PMID- 3167792 TI - Screening for the early detection of breast cancer. AB - The mortality rate of carcinoma of the breast has remained unchanged for the last 60 years. Screening by means of physical examination and mammography can significantly improve the mortality associated with this disease, but the procedures have been underutilized. Surveys indicate that among the major reasons for the failure of utilization are questions concerning efficacy, fear of radiation and costs. The amount of radiation delivered to the breast during mammography no longer poses a significant risk and there is ample documentation that screening mammography can detect occult disease. Although there is an unequivocal benefit for those older than 50 years of age, debate concerning the 40 to 50 age group continues. Objections center primarily about the expense of mammography. Current cost-cutting techniques suggest that the procedure can be justified for all women older than 40 years. PMID- 3167794 TI - Early cancer detection. Colorectal cancer. AB - Persons with symptoms or signs suggestive of colorectal cancer require complete exam of the large bowel either by sigmoidoscopy, preferably flexible, with barium enema, or by total colonoscopy. A test for fecal occult blood (FOBT) is not necessary here. In asymptomatic persons at average risk for colorectal cancer, the following screening recommendations are made: from age 40, annual digital rectal exam and FOBT; and, from age 50, sigmoidoscopy, preferably flexible, every 3 to 5 years after two negative annual exams. If there is a family history of colorectal cancer in one or more first-degree relatives, annual digital rectal exam and FOBT should begin at age 40, with either barium enema and sigmoidoscopy or total colonoscopy every 3 to 5 years. Persons with a history of chronic ulcerative colitis, polyposis syndromes, or prior colorectal adenomas or cancer merit special attention. PMID- 3167795 TI - Prevention and early detection of skin cancer/melanoma. AB - In the USA malignant neoplasms of the skin are the most common cancers of man. Annually, over 500,000 new cutaneous cancers are diagnosed. Of particular concern is the inexorable increase in the incidence and mortality rate of malignant melanoma (in 1978: 25,000 new cases; 5800 deaths). There are substantial data that (1) implicate sunlight as the probable cause of many cancers of the skin, and that, (2) indicate early diagnosis and prompt treatment results in cure in most instances. The time has come to create, implement, and evaluate a National Program on Education of the Medical Profession and the Public on Cancers of the Skin with emphasis on cutaneous malignant melanoma. PMID- 3167796 TI - Early diagnosis of oral cancer. AB - Oral cancer currently strikes about 30,000 Americans each year. Survival rates are approximately 50%. However, early detection followed by appropriate treatment can increase cure rates to about 80%, and greatly improves the quality of life by minimizing extensive, debilitating treatments. An early oral cancer can appear as an innocuous red or white change, an ulcer, or a lump, mimicking many benign lesions. Additionally, when the discomfort is minimal, professional consultation often is delayed, increasing the chance for local spread and regional metastases. Vital staining with toluidine blue and exfoliative cytologic examination can aid early detection by accelerating the biopsy of lesions that cannot be classified adequately or made to disappear. PMID- 3167797 TI - Report from the workshop on the community and cancer prevention and detection. PMID- 3167798 TI - Community models for cancer prevention and detection. AB - Optimal community programs in cancer prevention and detection have as their goals the lowering of incidence, complications, and mortality from cancer in a population, and are characterized by efficiency, self-sustainability, and generalizability. Programs fall into three categories according to their degree of integration into the normal health-care system. "Extra-systemic" programs are temporary demonstration activities, which may have research goals. "Quasi systemic" activities include public health department programs, worksite programs, and specialized centers such as breast screening centers. "Systemic" activities involve counseling and screening in routine medical practice. The greatest potential for reaching the indicated goals lies in facilitating systemic activities by allowing primary-care practitioners to define their own prevention goals, to make changes in their practices to address these goals, and to educate consumers of the need to demand preventive services. PMID- 3167799 TI - A cancer education and prevention center. A community program. AB - The Cancer Education and Prevention Center at Samuel Merritt Hospital in Oakland, CA is one of the 27 American Cancer Society (ACS)-National Cancer Institute (NCI) breast cancer demonstration projects. In 1980 it was converted to a General Cancer Screening Clinic for men and women. Its goal is to not only detect cancer, but to teach patients about the most current methods of self-examination and surveillance. In addition, there is a thorough assessment of each patient's risk factors for cancer, and attempts are made to assist them in altering life styles and habits by reducing potential for future cancer. Many community physicians perceived the hospital-based Screening Center as a potential duplication of medical services to their private patients. Several methods were used to solve this and other problems. Many innovative projects at the Center were used to promote both professional education and training to physicians and other health professionals, as well as public education for the community. Five thousand nine hundred thirty-four patients have been screened. There were 175 presentations to the community and 508 Clinic classes with 76 training sessions at the Center. A hospital-based Cancer Education and Prevention Center of this type can offer a service to the community and be a rich source of in-depth education for both professionals and for the public. PMID- 3167800 TI - The elderly population. Opportunities for cancer prevention and detection. AB - Interest in the elderly population, persons 65 years of age or older, as a target group for cancer control has not been great. Age recommendations rarely are made for prevention and early detection of cancer for elderly persons. However, cancer incidence and mortality rates are known to rise rapidly with increasing age. This paper takes a long-term public-health perspective to look toward the year 2030 to discuss the challenges of organizing and implementing prevention and early detection incentives for our nation's current and future elderly population. Cancer prevalence estimates in the context of the geriatric imperative of the 21st century are provided for three cancers--breast, prostate, and lung and bronchus. The sheer magnitude of numbers created by the aged population expansion can greatly increase the number of cancer survivors and newly diagnosed cases. Current efforts in cancer prevention and early detection should anticipate the health-care demands of the elderly in the first three decades of the next century. PMID- 3167801 TI - Nursing's role in cancer prevention and detection. Vital contributions to attainment of the Year 2000 Goal. AB - Currently there are 1.5 million practicing registered nurses in the US who could be utilized to assist in meeting the Year 2000 Goal to reduce cancer mortality by 50%. As the largest health professional group in this country, nurses are in more community settings and work with more people than any other health professional. In the last 10 years, nurses have shifted their orientation from tertiary prevention in the acute care setting and have increasingly become involved in primary and secondary prevention in both the hospital and the community. The nursing literature clearly reflects this new emphasis on incorporation of primary and secondary prevention concepts into nursing education and clinical practice. This article will focus on the traditional and nontraditional cancer prevention/early detection activities nurses have instituted in a multitude of settings (occupational, acute care, educational, and community) as well as pointing out the research that documents the effectiveness of these activities. PMID- 3167802 TI - Mortality by relative weight and exercise. AB - Mortality in relation to relative weight and exercise was analyzed from data collected in the first 2 years of the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study II. It included data on 868,620 persons who had no history of cancer, heart disease, or stroke and who were not sick at the start of the study. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were 187 for men who were 20% or more underweight and 187 for men who were 40% or more overweight. Comparable SMR in women were 186 and 178. Current smokers had considerably higher SMR than nonsmokers for all causes of death and cancer deaths at each relative weight category. Degree of exercise reported by subjects was inversely related to mortality, independent of smoking habits. Subjects who exercised heavily and died of cancer of the lung, colon rectum, and pancreas had 20% to 37% higher SMR than men and women who reported moderate exercise. PMID- 3167803 TI - Mediastinal large cell lymphoma. An uncommon subset of adult lymphoma curable with combined modality therapy. AB - Thirty adults with large cell lymphoma predominantly localized to the mediastinum diagnosed at the Massachusetts General Hospital between 1976 and 1985 were identified. The median age of the 20 females and 10 males was 34 years. All but one presented with symptoms due to an enlarging mediastinal mass, which was localized in 22 patients (73%) and exceeded 10 cm in maximal diameter in 65%. Superior vena cava syndrome and large pleural and pericardial effusions were common. Employing CHOP chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) and consolidation radiation therapy in most cases, 80% achieved a complete remission and 59% survive failure-free at 5 years by actuarial calculation. The size of the mediastinal mass adversely affected failure-free survival (89% vs. 40%, P less than 0.05). No other pretreatment risk factor predicted outcome, but more intense chemotherapy was associated with improved survival (P = 0.035). Large cell mediastinal lymphoma is a locally invasive, often bulky malignancy with a predilection for young women; disease of low or moderate bulk is curable with full dose CHOP chemotherapy and consolidation radiation, but bulky disease requires more aggressive treatment. PMID- 3167804 TI - Metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma. Complete response to combination chemotherapy with dacarbazine and 5-fluorouracil. AB - A 20-year-old woman had a sporadic case of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) metastatic to the lungs. After a transient response to streptozotocin and doxorubicin, new subcutaneous lesions appeared on the left chest wall and there was progression of pulmonary disease. Because MTC is one of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) tumors, treatment was undertaken with agents active in these diseases. Dacarbazine and 5-fluorouracil, given daily for 5 days every 4 weeks, resulted in complete resolution of pulmonary and subcutaneous lesions and a sharp decrease in tumor marker levels that lasted 10 months. Recurrence of the pulmonary disease lead to her death 21 months after presentation. Thus, the chemo-responsiveness of MTC may be akin to that of other APUD carcinomas (APUDomas) and treatment of metastatic MTC and other APUDomas with the combination of dacarbazine and 5-fluorouracil appears to merit further study. PMID- 3167805 TI - Intrapericardial instillation of platin in malignant pericardial effusion. AB - Six patients (four men and two women) affected by malignant pericardial effusion, as confirmed by cytologic examination, were treated with direct intrapericardial administration of cisplatin. Median age was 36.8 years (range, 18 to 56 years). After insertion of a radiopaque polyurethane catheter (Centracath Vygon, Laboratoires Pharmaceutiques, Vygon-Ecouen, France), fluid was drained and cisplatin (10 mg in 20 ml of normal saline) was instilled over 5 minutes on 5 consecutive days (total cisplatin dose, 50 mg). At the end of the course, the catheter was withdrawn. Courses were repeated every 2 or 3 weeks in case of fluid reaccumulation. The median number of courses was two, with a range of one to three courses. Three patients achieved complete response and all three died of primary disease progression without evidence of pericardial recurrence or stricture. Mild nausea occurred in all patients. No hematologic and renal toxicity and local or infectious complications were observed. PMID- 3167806 TI - Soluble immune complexes and squamous cell carcinoma-related antigens in patients with head and neck cancer. AB - Sera from 85 patients with head and neck cancer including laryngeal cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, and maxillary cancer were assayed for immune complexes (IC) by solid-phase anti-C3 enzyme immunoassay and for squamous cell carcinoma-related (SCC) antigen by radioimmunoassay. The positive rates of IC and SCC antigen in head and neck cancer patients were 29.4% and 34.1%, respectively. Their serum levels and positive rates were found to be elevated according to the degree of advancement of the disease stage, showing their good clinical correlations. With individual patients there was no significant relationship between IC and SCC antigen. PMID- 3167807 TI - High frequency of plasminogen activator secretion by malignant human lymphoid cell lines of T-cell type origin. AB - Diffuse defibrination is rarely observed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Clinical and immunologic data suggest that it is more likely to occur in T cell derived ALL. The current investigation involved the secretion of plasminogen activators (PA) of tissue type (t-PA) or urokinase type (U-PA) by testing supernatants of 21 permanent human leukemic cell lines originating from various hematopoietic lineages and one induced lymphoblastoid cell line. (LCL) The amount of PA in each supernatant was determined by biologic and immunoenzymologic assays. The correspondence with the expected molecular weight (MW) according to the PA type was checked by zymography. PA secretion of U-PA type was observed in the three myeloid cell lines. Except for the normal LCL, no B-lymphoid lineage related cell lines of various levels of differentiation displayed PA secretion, whereas PA activity was observed in the supernatant of six of nine malignant T cell lines. The T-leukemic cell lines CCRF CEM, KE 37, HUT 78, and HUT 102 released U-PA-like activity. Peer released t-PA-like activity and CCRF-HSB2 supernatant showed both types of PA activity. These findings are discussed in view of the natural history of these diseases and the stage of differentiation of the cell lines. PMID- 3167808 TI - Changes in rat and human pepsinogen phenotypes induced by N'-methyl-N'nitro-N nitrosoguanidine. AB - Changes have been studied in human and rat pepsinogen phenotypes induced by N' methyl-N'nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MMNG) in in vitro rat experiments and in vivo cultures of human and rat isolated gastric chief cells. In vivo the fastest migrating electrophoretic band decreased or disappeared as early as 3 weeks after the start of MNNG treatment. The changes, observed in 17 of 32 rats receiving MNNG, were permanent and consistently associated with pronounced histopathologic changes seen 10 months later (17 of 17). Comparable phenotypic changes were observed after 7 days only in MNNG-treated rat chief cell cultures. In human chief cell cultures a decrease of the Pg3 band, which is consistent with the "carcinogenic" phenotype, was observed in two of six preparations treated with MNNG. This early preceding change in phenotype preceding tumor formation may be useful as a diagnostic tool for the onset of gastric cancer. PMID- 3167810 TI - Prediction of malignant transformation in oral epithelial lesions by image cytometry. AB - The value of image analysis in predicting the malignant potential of oral epithelial lesions showing either hyperplasia or dysplasia was investigated; 5 micron formalin-fixed sections of 16 oral epithelial lesions, of which eight had later transformed to carcinoma and eight had not transformed during a follow-up of 10-15 years were studied. The sections were stained with the azure A-Feulgen reaction for nuclear DNA. In each section 200 nuclei of epithelial cells and 20 nuclei of lymphocytes were assessed; all measurements were made blindly. For each nucleus six features related to shape and amount of stain and six features related to chromatin pattern were assessed. For each feature the mean, SD, and interquartile range were determined and used for linear stepwise discriminant analysis. A model of three variables with the most discriminating power was developed. When the jackknifed classification test was applied using this model, the malignant potential of the lesions that later transformed could be predicted with 87.5% accuracy. PMID- 3167809 TI - Radiation proctitis in the rat. Sequential changes and effects of anti inflammatory agents. AB - Female Wistar rats were treated with single exposure irradiation to 2 cm of distal colon to cause radiation proctitis. All animals were evaluated by examination, colonoscopy and histologic evaluation for changes post-irradiation. Exposures of 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5 and 30 Gy caused dose-related clinical and histologic changes peaking at 7 to 15 days post-exposure. Rats treated with 20 Gy were colonoscoped and biopsied daily and showed sequential post-irradiation endoscopic changes ranging from mucosal edema and mild inflammatory changes to erosion and ulcers. Histologically, crypt abscess and mural wall necrosis similar to changes found in the human rectum after radiotherapy were noted. Treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, (aspirin, indomethacin, piroxicam), misoprostol (a prostaglandin E1 analogue), or sucralfate (an anti-ulcer agent) did not ameliorate nor exacerbate radiation proctitis in rats exposed to 22.5 Gy. We conclude from these data that the female Wistar rat is a good model for studying radiation proctitis because endoscopic, histologic, and clinical changes seen post-exposure closely resemble those found in man. PMID- 3167812 TI - Clinical significance of abnormal nuclear DNA content in serous ovarian tumors. AB - The nuclear DNA content of 160 serous ovarian neoplasms was determined by flow cytometry from paraffin-embedded tissue. Three (11%) of the 27 histologically benign, seven (16%) of the 43 borderline malignant, and 59 (66%) of the 90 malignant neoplasms were aneuploid (P less than 0.0001). None of the patients with an aneuploid benign or borderline malignant tumor died from cancer, but in carcinomas the DNA index (DI) was a more important prognostic factor in a multivariate analysis than age at diagnosis, stage, histologic grade or ploidy (diploid versus aneuploid). A DI of 1.3 was the most effective value in predicting prognosis; patients with carcinoma with the DI more than 1.3 had inferior survival compared with those with the DI less than 1.3 (P = 0.002). Carcinomas with the DI more than 1.3 were more common in patients older than 60 years at diagnosis (P = 0.0002), and were associated with a low grade of differentiation (P = 0.008) but not with stage. It is concluded that DNA aneuploidy may occur in benign and borderline malignant serous ovarian tumors and that the DI is a highly valuable and objective prognostic parameter in serous ovarian carcinomas. PMID- 3167811 TI - Lymphocytic infiltration in juvenile thyroid carcinoma. AB - In this study, the significance of lymphocytic infiltration in juvenile thyroid carcinoma is clarified. We examined nine patients younger than 20 years of age. Histopathologically, there was good correlation between lymphocytic infiltration and the development and spread of carcinoma. It is believed that lymphocytic infiltration around the tumor is an immunologic reaction induced by antigens from the carcinoma itself, and also that the reaction may progress according to tumor development. Immunocytochemically, we determined what type of inflammatory cells infiltrated the thyroid and demonstrated HLA-DR expression in the cancer cells. These findings are similar to autoimmune thyroiditis in which antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) works as a main immunomechanism. PMID- 3167813 TI - Tumor grade and stage as prognostic variables in upper tract urothelial tumors. AB - Clinical and pathologic data of 54 patients with clinically localized transitional cell tumors of the upper urinary tract were reviewed to determine the significance of tumor grade and stage on patient survival. There were 43 tumors of the renal pelvis (one bilateral) and 11 tumors of the ureter. The primary tumor was staged by the new TNM classification into low stage (Ta: limited to mucosa; T1: lamina propria invasion) and high stage (T2: muscularis invasion; T3; invasion beyond the muscularis). Tumors were low stage (Ta/T1) in 28 cases (51.8%) and advanced (T2/T3) in 26 cases (48.2%). Twenty-five of 54 (46.3%) of the patients had low grade (Grades 1 and 2) and 29 of 54 (53.7%) had high grade (Grades 3 and 4) tumors. Median survival for all patients from date of diagnosis was 31 months, with a 5-year survival rate of 45.8%. Grade (low/high) matched stage (low/high) in 45 of 54 patients (83%). Median survival for patients with low grade tumors was 66.8 months compared to 14.1 months in patients with high grade tumors. Median survival for low stage tumors was 91.1 months and for high stage tumors was 12.9 months. These differences in survival related to both tumor stage (P = 0.001) and grade (P = 0.004) were statistically significant by log-rank test. Fourteen of the 54 patients (25.9%) developed local recurrence and 29 (53.7%) developed distant metastases. The lung was the most common site of metastasis. Eighteen patients (33.3%) had or developed transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, which preceded the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the upper tract in seven cases and developed subsequently in 11 cases. Primary tumor stage by the new TNM classification is a better predictor of prognosis than tumor grade, although both variables are strongly predictive of patient course and survival. The advantages of the new TNM classification are discussed. PMID- 3167814 TI - Serum retinol and prostate cancer. AB - Levels of retinol, beta carotene, and alpha tocopherol were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in serum from subjects with clinical prostatic cancer (n = 94), focal prostatic cancer (n = 40), benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 130), and from hospital controls (n = 130). Levels of beta carotene and alpha tocopherol varied for prostatic cancer patients by disease stage and by the period in the treatment sequence when blood was collected. This made any assessment of their association with prostatic cancer risk difficult. The mean level of serum retinol was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in prostatic cancer patients than in the controls. For serum retinol this difference did not appear to be attributable to age, stage of disease, period in which the blood was collected, or to several other potentially confounding factors. When the serum retinol level was considered in quintile classes, there was a statistically significant (P less than 0.05) trend of increased prostatic cancer risk associated with decreasing serum retinol levels. PMID- 3167815 TI - Desmoplastic malignant melanoma. A clinicohistopathologic study of 25 cases. AB - A clinical and histologic review of 25 patients with melanocytic lesions classified as desmoplastic malignant melanoma is reported. All of the lesions were located in sun-exposed sites. The average age was 61.2 years (range, 38 to 83), with a median age of 56. There were 14 female and 11 male patients. Desmoplastic malignant melanoma is a melanocytic and fibroblastic proliferation that occurs predominantly in the head and neck area. The bland constituent cells resemble fibroblasts and are often arranged in bundles or fascicles, which may be arrayed perpendicularly to the overlying epidermis. Enlarged and/or atypical cells are usually scattered among the spindled cells. Most, but not all, of the tumors (24 of 25 in this series) are associated with lentigo maligna or an atypical junctional melanocytic proliferation. Mitotic figures are always found within the constituent cells of the fibrous-appearing mass, and neurotropism may be present. Patients with desmoplastic melanoma typically present with a mass, which is occasionally associated with a pigmented lesion. The lesions in our series were deeply invasive to level IV or V. Lentigo maligna and a dermal fibroblastic-appearing mass containing atypical cells arranged in fascicles are the most common morphologic features found in desmoplastic melanoma. Follow-up data is available for 23 patients. The average length of follow-up was 2.7 years (range, 0.1 to 9 years). Eighteen patients were observed for 3 or more years. Twelve patients developed local recurrences, and five developed metastases; three of the patients with metastases had a local recurrence before the development of metastases. Three of the patients with metastatic melanoma died of tumor between 2 and 4 years after their initial excision. Eight of the 12 locally recurring lesions were either diagnosed initially as a benign lesion or histologic examination was not performed on the initial excision specimen. It appears that recurrence may be related to inadequate initial therapy. PMID- 3167816 TI - The pathogenesis and clinical significance of cytologically detectable oral Candida in acute leukemia. AB - Using serial examination and oral cytology, 50 adult patients undergoing induction therapy for acute leukemia were studied for oral colonization with candida species. Ninety percent of patients were found to be colonized with Candida, with most of these colonizations present by day 14. The 30 patients exhibiting colonization with pseudohyphae received ketoconazole 400 mg daily by mouth. Of 20 patients in this group treated for 5 or more days, Candida organisms were eradicated in nine. Sixteen patients from the above group with persistent colonization on ketoconazole were treated by independent clinical decision for sustained fever and neutropenia with Amphotericin B, but only one responded by elimination of colonization. Seven of the 15 patients who did not initially receive ketoconazole developed Candida dissemination in contrast to two of 30 who received ketoconazole initially (P = 0.003, Fisher's exact test). No patient who initially had or acquired a negative cytology developed oral or disseminated candidiasis. Clinical oral candidiasis occurred in three patients, all of whom were receiving amphotericin B. Approximately 90% of these patients have or develop oral colonization with Candida organisms as identified by oral cytology. Those with colonization, both with and without pseudohyphae present, are at risk for dissemination. Amphotericin B does not eliminate colonization remaining after treatment with 400 mg of ketoconazole daily. More effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are needed to identify and eliminate Candida organisms and to prevent disseminated candidiasis in this population of patients. PMID- 3167817 TI - Leukemic relapse presenting as sciatic nerve involvement by chloroma (granulocytic sarcoma). AB - A relapse of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in a child presented as subacute mononeuropathy involving the sciatic nerve. Surgical exploration showed a chloroma (granulocytic sarcoma) of the distal sciatic nerve, but resection and irradiation did not lead to recovery of nerve function or complete resolution of the patient's symptomatic neuropathic pain. This case represents a rare neurologic complication of what is currently an uncommon presentation for leukemic relapse, and may be the only reported case of chloromatous involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) without coexisting epidural or leptomeningeal leukemia. PMID- 3167818 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma in patients older than 40 years of age. AB - The original diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma (RM) was critically evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy in a retrospective series of 25 patients older than 40 years of age. Only two of the 25 patients (8%) were verified to have RM by strict criteria. By light microscopy, the true RM had a spindle or round cell appearance and were subtyped as embryonal RM, although some pleomorphism was present. Sarcomeric differentiation was revealed by electron microscopy, and desmin and muscle actin by immunohistochemistry. Both of these tumors arose in the urogenital organs, one in the urinary bladder and the other in the prostatic region. Both patients died within 3 months of the diagnosis. The other tumors not verified as RM were pleomorphic or spindle cell sarcomas (n = 17), ten of which were considered to represent malignant fibrous histiocytoma, or had desmin and/or muscle actin, and were verified as leiomyosarcomas by electron microscopy (n = 2). There were single cases of undifferentiated carcinoma, probable neuroendocrine carcinoma, extraskeletal osteosarcoma, and pleomorphic liposarcoma. The average survival for the non-RM tumor patients was 32 months. The results show that true RM do occur in the elderly, but they are very rare. Such tumors may have clinicopathologic properties similar to embryonal RM in children both in regard to the site of origin and to the histologic picture. True RM seems to carry a worse prognosis than other pleomorphic sarcomas, and this emphasizes the need for accurate diagnosis. PMID- 3167819 TI - The management of vaginal melanoma. AB - Between 1964 and 1987 ten patients with vaginal melanoma were treated at The University of Michigan Hospital. Five of the six patients who underwent radical surgery had adequate information concerning the first site of relapse, and in four of these five, pelvic sites or locoregional lymph nodes were the first sites of recurrent disease. One of these patients developed a 17-cm pelvic recurrence, which responded with a 75% reduction in size 3 months after completion of radiotherapy given in high individual fractions (400 cGy X 11). Three patients were managed with local resection, and all developed recurrent locoregional disease. One patient presented with metastatic disease. We conclude that locoregional control of vaginal melanoma is difficult to achieve with surgery alone. We hypothesize that preoperative radiotherapy to the pelvis (500 cGy X 6 given 3 days a week to the whole pelvis with subsequent consideration for a vaginal boost field) may improve the poor rate of locoregional control of vaginal melanoma that is seen when surgery alone is used. PMID- 3167820 TI - Patterns of the first lymph node metastases in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma of axial localization. AB - At the Finsen Institute, Copenhagen, from 1971 to 1981, 134 patients were treated for lymph node metastases from primary cutaneous malignant melanoma of axial localization (e.g., in the head and neck and trunk), where metastases to regional lymph node groups were the first sign of dissemination. Due to the lack of sufficient clinical data, 27 patients were excluded from the study. Median time from excision of primary tumor to diagnosis of node metastases was 11 months. In 42 of 85 (49%) patients with truncal melanoma, the primary tumor was placed in the lymphatic water-shed areas. Two patients among this group showed bilateral simultaneous metastases to two different node groups. In the remaining 43 patients with truncal tumors located outside water-shed areas, node metastases developed in unexpected groups in seven (16%) patients. Of 22 patients with head and neck tumors, two (9%) patients demonstrated metastases to distant lymph node groups without metastases to the regional node basins. PMID- 3167821 TI - Reappraisal of the association between adriamycin and iron. AB - The nature of the association between Adriamycin (ADR) and iron was reinvestigated spectroscopically. It is shown that ADR and Fe3+ do not necessarily form a colloidal aggregate, but rather form a true chelate, Fe3+ ADR3, having a 602-nm molar extinction coefficient of 16.4 mM-1.cm-1. In contrast to the high nominal binding constant for ferric-ADR, beta = 10(33.4), it is shown that under actual conditions of metal hydrolysis and ADR protonation, the effective binding constant, Keff, is strongly pH dependent and is only 10(16.2) M 3 at pH 7.4. These properties are reflected in a progressive dissociation of Fe3+ ADR3 upon dilution and at decreasing pH. Maximal iron chelation by ADR is not achieved at [ADR]:[iron] ratios lower than 10:1, and at [ADR] below the 0.1 mM range. These observations necessitate a reevaluation of previous conclusions regarding the involvement of iron in ADR activity. The clinical implications are important, because at ADR concentrations obtained in vivo, and contrary to common assumptions, ADR will not bind adventitious iron to form a binary chelate. Furthermore, a preformed Fe3+ ADR3 chelate will dissociate when injected. This precludes the involvement of a binary ferric-ADR chelate in the mechanism of action of ADR in vivo. PMID- 3167822 TI - Oxygen and exposure kinetics as factors influencing the cytotoxicity of porfiromycin, a mitomycin C analogue, in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Some factors affecting the cytotoxicity of porfiromycin (PM), an analogue of mitomycin C (MMC), were investigated in suspension cultures of wild-type (AA8-4) and repair-deficient (UV-20) Chinese hamster ovary cells. Oxygen was an important modulator of PM toxicity in AA8-4 cells. The aerobic toxicity was significantly less, and toxicity under extremely hypoxic conditions was significantly greater for PM than MMC. Porfiromycin cytotoxicity at intermediate O2 levels was similar to that observed previously for MMC. While the aerobic/hypoxic ratio was greater for PM than MMC, survival at intermediate oxygen concentrations could limit the therapeutic utility of these drugs as adjuncts to radiotherapy. Ascorbic acid was found to increase the aerobic, but not hypoxic, cytotoxicity of PM in AA8-4 cells, as was observed previously for MMC. Investigation of various exposure times and drug concentrations revealed that drug toxicity for both aerobic and hypoxic cells was dependent on the product of drug concentration and time, and that the aerobic/hypoxic differential observed in AA8-4 cells was constant over a broad range of exposure conditions. The sensitivity of UV-20 cells was also a linear function of concentration and time, but no aerobic/hypoxic differential was observed in these cells. It is suggested that the sensitivity of UV-20 to PM and MMC, and its lack of an hypoxic/aerobic differential could result from lethality being due to a different lesion than in wild-type cells. PMID- 3167823 TI - Cross-contamination of human esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines detected by DNA fingerprint analysis. AB - DNA "fingerprint" analysis has recently become known as a valuable technique for positive identification of any given individual. The chances for mistaken identity have been estimated to be 10(-6) for close siblings or as little as 10( 23) for randomly selected individuals. This methodology thus represents a significant improvement over previously established identification tests using protein or enzyme analysis techniques and has already found application in forensic medicine. One of the chief problems in tissue culture studies is the question of the unequivocal identity of the cultured cells used and the very real possibility of their being contaminated by cells of a similar morphological appearance. We report here the application of the DNA "fingerprint" technique to the genotypic analysis of cultured human squamous carcinoma cells. The results show that a number of lines, designation HCu, have become cross-contaminated. Lines SNO, HCu 10, and HCu 13 are genetically distinct, however lines HCu 10, 18, 33, 37, and 39 are genetically identical and are in fact subcultures of the same cells. In addition, a myocardial line known as Girardi is shown to be identical to HeLa cells. The introduction of this technique to tissue culture laboratories could therefore prevent contaminated cultures from being disseminated or used in research studies. PMID- 3167824 TI - Hydroxy metabolites of methyl-n-amylnitrosamine produced by esophagus, stomach, liver, and other tissues of the neonatal to adult rat and hamster. AB - We measured the ability of neonatal to adult MRC-Wistar rat and Syrian hamster tissues to convert the esophageal carcinogen methyl-n-amylnitrosamine (MNAN) into the stable metabolites 2- to 5-hydroxy-MNAN and 3- and 4-oxo-MNAN. Slices or pieces of freshly removed tissues were incubated for 3 h with 23 microM MNAN and dichloromethane extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis. The sum of the metabolites was expressed as percent metabolism of MNAN/100 mg tissue ("percent metabolism"). Tissues of animals from 1 day before birth to 56-70 days of age were examined. Metabolites in rat esophagus reached 12.6% at 6 days of age, three times the adult level, and that in hamster esophagus reached 13.1% at birth, 22 times the adult level. Forestomach metabolism was 1.9% in 3-day rats and 5.7% in 3-day hamsters, though the adult levels were less than 0.5%. Metabolism in rat, but not hamster, liver showed a peak at 9 days that was 3.6 times the adult level. Hamster, but not rat, skin showed about 1% metabolism. Total metabolism by glandular stomach, lung, and trachea of both species also showed changes with age. Ratios between 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-hydroxy-MNAN were of three types: considerable 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxy-MNAN, typical of esophagus; mainly 4-hydroxy-MNAN, typical of liver; and mainly 5- with some 4-hydroxy-MNAN, typical of rat lung. Incubation of adult rat liver and esophagus with varied MNAN concentrations showed apparent Km values of 150 (esophagus) and 300 (liver) microM. Metabolite yields after young and adult rat esophagus and liver were incubated with 23 microM MNAN for 1, 2, or 3 h indicated that differing in vitro stability of enzyme activities did not explain the age differences. The 2.9- to 3.6-fold differences in total metabolite yield between young and adult rat esophagus and liver, observed when these tissues were incubated with 23 microM MNAN, was in contrast to the 1.3- to 1.6-fold difference when these tissues were incubated with 300 or 600 microM MNAN, suggesting that much of the observed age difference was specific to low MNAN concentrations. MNAN hydroxylation could be used to indicate tissue susceptibility to MNAN carcinogenesis and the presence of enzymes (probably cytochrome P-450 isozymes) that catalyze each of the three types of MNAN metabolism. PMID- 3167825 TI - Chromatin modifications associated with N-methylformamide-induced radiosensitization of clone A cells. AB - Exposure of certain cell lines to the differentiation-inducing agent N methylformamide (NMF) enhances their radiosensitivity. As part of an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of NMF-induced radiosensitization, we examined the effects of NMF on chromatin structure, as reflected by changes in DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) and the chromatin protein/DNA ratio, in two cell lines, clone A and HCA-1. Both lines form a better-differentiated phenotype upon exposure to NMF, yet only clone A is radiosensitized. Ionizing radiation induced DPCs in a linear manner beginning at about 10 Gy and continuing to at least 50 Gy in both cell types. NMF treatment of HCA-1 cells did not affect the background level of DPCs, but it enhanced the formation of radiation-induced DPCs at each dose tested. In clone A cells, NMF exposure elevated the DPC background level more than two-fold, and modified radiation-induced DPCs. The dose response for radiation-induced DPCs in NMF-treated clone A cells consisted of a linear increase up to 12.5 Gy, which was greater than in untreated cells, followed by a plateau level of DPCs out to 50 Gy, the highest dose tested. NMF treatment of clone A, but not HCA-1, cells also increased the chromatin protein/DNA ratio by about 30-35%. In clone A cells, the increases in DPC background level and chromatin protein/DNA ratio as a function of NMF exposure time followed a pattern similar to that of the enhancement of radiosensitivity. These data suggested that modifications of chromatin structure, not involved in differentiation, may be associated with the radiosensitizing actions of NMF. PMID- 3167826 TI - Correlation of DNA hypomethylation with expression of carcinoembryonic antigen in human colon carcinoma cells. AB - Using an assay based on the binding of a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-specific monoclonal antibody, we have examined the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen genes in human colon tumor and normal fibroblast cell lines. CEA expression was not detectable in the normal fibroblast cell lines, whereas varying levels of high CEA expression were found in the colon tumor cell lines LS-174T, GEO, and WIDR. We have used a 550-base pair CEA probe derived from cloned complementary DNA to carry out Southern analysis of the DNA isolated from the normal and colon tumor cell lines. At high stringency, the CEA probe detected seven BamHI fragments in all DNAs analyzed. At low stringency, however, 14 BamHI fragments ranging from 1.5 to 23 kilobases were detected. Results of the Southern analysis demonstrate no amplification or rearrangement of the CEA genes in tumor cells. We used methylation-sensitive restriction endonucleases, HpaII and HhaI, to compare the degree of methylation of CEA family of genes in normal and colon tumor cell lines. Our results demonstrate that the CEA family of genes exists in a state of hypermethylation in the normal cell lines. In contrast, the CEA gene(s) are relatively hypomethylated in the tumor cell lines, suggesting a correlation between the state of methylation and degree of expression of the CEA gene(s). A comparison of the state of methylation of the CEA gene(s) in cells before and after treatment with the gamma-interferon (which up-regulates CEA steady-state mRNA levels) showed no detectable difference in the degree of DNA methylation. The segments of CEA genes that are hypermethylated in normal cells, but are hypomethylated in tumor cells, were also identified. Thus, these studies may help identify the sites of methylation that are crucial for the control of CEA gene regulation. PMID- 3167827 TI - An IgG3 monoclonal antibody established after immunization with GM3 lactone: immunochemical specificity and inhibition of melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. AB - In previous studies, an IgM monoclonal antibody (M2590), established after immunization of C57BL/6 mice with syngeneic B16 melanoma cells, was found to react with melanoma cells, but not with various normal cells and tissues (Taniguchi, M., and Wakabayashi, S., Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 75:418-426, 1984). The structure defined by this antibody was identified as GM3 (Hirabayashi, Y., et al., J. Biol. Chem., 260:13328-13333, 1985) organized in membranes at high density, although the real immunogen was suggested to be GM3 lactone (Nores, G. A., et al., J. Immunol., 139:3171-3176, 1987). Since GM3 lactone was found to be highly immunogenic, we subsequently immunized C57BL/6 mice with GM3 lactone coated on Salmonella minnesotae and established hybridoma DH2, secreting an IgG3 antibody showing preferential reactivity with GM3 lactone over GM3 under certain conditions. The reactivity of the DH2 antibody was competitively inhibited by M2590, and it showed a preferential reactivity with melanoma cells and displayed various immunochemical and immunobiological properties similar to those of M2590. However, DH2 antibody inhibited melanoma cell growth in vivo, induced antibody dependent cytotoxicity in vitro, and showed a preferential accumulation in melanoma growth in vivo. These properties are characteristic of the IgG3 subclass, in striking contrast to IgM antibody M2590, which does not inhibit cell growth in vivo or in vitro and does not induce antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Thus, immunization with lactone forms of tumor-associated ganglioside antigens might be useful in the production of antibodies and prevention of tumor cell growth in vivo (antitumor vaccines). PMID- 3167828 TI - Structural design, biochemical properties, and evidence for improved therapeutic activity of 5-alkyl derivatives of 5-deazaaminopterin and 5-deazamethotrexate compared to methotrexate in murine tumor models. AB - Studies are described examining a new class of 4-aminofolate analogues modified by an N to C conversion and alkyl substitution at the N-5 position of aminopterin and methotrexate. All of these analogues were equivalent to aminopterin and methotrexate as inhibitors of tumor cell dihydrofolate reductase (Ki = 3.49-5.16 pM). N to C conversion at the N-5 position of aminopterin reduced its influx (inferred from the change in Ki) 3-fold, but the same modification increased influx of methotrexate 2-3-fold in Sarcoma 180 cells. Alkylation (methyl or ethyl) of this position on 5-deazaaminopterin increased influx 3-fold, while a similar alteration of 5-deazamethotrexate increased influx 4-5-fold. Influx of the methotrexate analogues was increased a total of 14-fold as a result of these modifications. Similar differences among these analogues were observed for inhibition of Sarcoma 180 cell growth in culture. Inhibitory potency was in the ascending order methotrexate less than 5-deazamethotrexate less than 5 deazaaminopterin less than aminopterin less than 5-alkyl (methyl or ethyl) analogues of 5-deazaaminopterin and 5-deazamethotrexate (the ethyl analogues were 2-fold more inhibitory than the methyl analogues). All of the analogues examined were equivalent in regard to efflux from Sarcoma 180 cells. Differences in transport alone did not account for all of the increased inhibitory potency (up to 33-fold) of the 5-alkyl-5-deaza analogues compared to the parent compounds. The extent of polyglutamylation of 5-deazaaminopterin and 5-deazamethotrexate and their 5-alkyl derivatives in Sarcoma 180 cells was substantially less compared to aminopterin and equivalent to methotrexate. Transport inward of 5 deazaaminopterin in isolated crypt cell epithelium from mouse small intestine was 2-fold lower than aminopterin (influx Km = 14.2 +/- 2 microM), while influx of 5 deazamethotrexate was 2-fold greater than methotrexate (influx Km = 98.6 +/- 23). However, transport inward of all of the 5-alkyl derivatives of these 5-deaza analogues was intermediate [influx Km = 44.4 +/- 11 (SEM) to 49.8 +/- 12 microM] between values for aminopterin and methotrexate. These differences accounted, to some extent, for the reduced toxicity of the 5-alkyl-5-deazaaminopterin analogues compared to aminopterin and the increased toxicity of 5-methyl-5 deazamethotrexate compared to methotrexate. All of the 5-alkyl derivatives of aminopterin and methotrexate were more active in vivo than methotrexate against four murine tumor models.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3167829 TI - Metabolism and excretion of etoposide in isolated, perfused rat liver models. AB - The clearance of etoposide and formation of etoposide glucuronide have been measured in an isolated, perfused rat liver model to evaluate the effect of impaired hepatic function on etoposide kinetics. Hepatocellular injury was produced by pretreatment of rats with allyl alcohol or carbon tetrachloride; ligation of the bile duct simulated obstructive biliary disease. Etoposide clearance (3.59 +/- 1.06 ml/min) was reduced by both carbon tetrachloride (2.07 +/- 0.64 ml/min; P = 0.05) and allyl alcohol treatment (2.14 +/- 0.62 ml/min; P = 0.05). Biliary obstruction also impaired etoposide clearance but to a lesser extent than hepatocellular injury (2.47 +/- 0.69 ml/min; P = 0.20 versus control). In both hepatocellular and obstructive models, direct biliary etoposide excretion decreased. The metabolic clearance of etoposide to its glucuronide declined by 36% in the hepatotoxin models but was not decreased by biliary obstruction. Following hepatic injury, there is a reduction in the metabolism and excretion of etoposide by the liver. This effect is most marked on biliary drug excretion. Obstructive biliary disease does not significantly alter etoposide glucuronidation. Since most cancer patients have increased bilirubin on the basis of obstructive disease, little or no etoposide dose alteration will be needed. However, in the patient with significant hepatocellular injury, impaired etoposide clearance will be more pronounced, and etoposide dose alterations may be needed. PMID- 3167831 TI - Drug testing in established cell lines by flow cytometric vitality measurements versus clonogenic assay. AB - The clonogenic assay is widely considered to be the most valid test for predicting tumor cell sensitivity to cytostatic drugs. In this study it was compared with early growth curves of human leukemic cell lines (HL-60, K562, Reh) after treatment with different types of cytostatic drugs (Adriamycin,cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II):,1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl- cytosine, and 5 fluorouracil) for 1 and 24 h. Following drug treatment two parallel cultures were started: a soft agar culture for the clonogenic assay; and a liquid suspension culture for vital cell counting by measuring esterase activity with fluorescein diacetate at different time points. The latter was recorded using flow cytometry during the following 3 days in 12-h intervals. For each drug concentration a survival factor was calculated from the growth curve between 24 and 72 h. This survival factor takes into account both the y intercept of the extrapolated growth curve and the slope of the growth curve. The dose-response curves resulting from either the survival factors or the clonogenic assay were always nearly identical. The results demonstrate that in established cell lines flow cytometric determination of vital cell increase rates provides a convenient alternative to the clonogenic assay for drug testing. PMID- 3167830 TI - Comparative localization of murine monoclonal antibody Me1-14 F(ab')2 fragment and whole IgG2a in human glioma xenografts. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeted to glioma-associated antigens may allow the selective delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents to brain tumors; the use of MAb fragments may be a strategy to further improve tumor uptake of such agents relative to normal tissues. In this study, we have examined the in vivo localization of radioiodinated MAb Me1-14, a murine immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) reactive with gliomas, and its F(ab')2 fragment in s.c. and intracranial xenografts of human glioma cell line D-54 MG in athymic mice. The radiolabeled F(ab')2 fragment of Me1-14 was demonstrated to possess in vitro binding affinity and immunoreactivity comparable to that of whole IgG. Direct comparison of IgG and F(ab')2 biodistribution in s.c. xenograft-bearing mice showed higher tumor: normal tissue ratios of the F(ab')2 fragment compared to IgG. In intracranial tumor-bearing mice paired-label analysis using a nonspecific protein control showed earlier specific tumor localization by the F(ab')2 fragment of Me1-14 compared to IgG. Blood-to-tumor transfer constants (K1) derived for Me1-14 F(ab')2 were significantly greater than those for whole Me1-14 (P = 0.01). Estimated radiation dosimetry revealed that 131I-labeled Me1-14 F(ab')2 would deliver higher radiation doses to tumor than to normal tissues. These studies demonstrate that the F(ab')2 fragment of Me1-14 may be a potential agent for immune-directed brain tumor diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 3167832 TI - Dominance of a tumor subpopulation line in mixed heterogeneous mouse mammary tumors. AB - When mixtures of cell lines 168 and 4T07, both derived from the same mouse mammary tumor, were injected into syngeneic mice, the resulting tumors, analyzed over a large size range by colony-forming assays in selective media, consisted primarily of line 4T07, even when the ratio injected was 100:1 or greater in favor of line 168. This result indicated a suppression of growth of line 168, since the volume-doubling time of line 168 tumors in the absence of line 4T07 was one-half that of line 4T07 tumors. That growth suppression was not due to inhibition of line 168 by immunity induced to line 4T07 was shown in two ways: (a) line 168 tumors grew almost as well in mice preimmunized with line 4T07 as in controls, whereas line 4T07 tumor growth was strongly inhibited in preimmunized mice; and (b) the final composition (favoring line 4T07) in mixed tumors was similar in tumors grown in mice immunosuppressed by irradiation to that in nonirradiated controls. The strong suppression of line 168 did not occur when the two cell lines were injected simultaneously at different s.c. sites, nor did it occur when line 168 cells were injected in mixtures with lethally irradiated line 4T07 cells. Line 4T07 cells also suppressed the growth of line 168 cells in monolayer cultures. It was not likely that suppression was due to competition for growth factors, since the effect required cell contact. Suppression probably was not mediated through junctional communication, since these cells do not engage in metabolic cooperation. We suggest that a growth-inhibitory factor produced by line 4T07 mediates the suppression of 168 cells. PMID- 3167834 TI - Production of tumor necrosis factor in nude mice by muramyl peptides associated with bacterial vaccines. AB - Gram-negative vaccines can elicit the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in mice primed by muramyl dipeptide (MDP) or by its lipophilic derivative MDP dipalmitoyl glycerol (MDP-GDP). In mice pretreated with MDP and particularly with MDP-GDP, Bordetella pertussis vaccine was shown to be more effective than typhoid vaccine. The time course of TNF production in the blood did not indicate any difference between the effect of MDP or of MDP-GDP. In both cases the cytotoxic activity reached maximal levels by 2 h after injection of the bacterial preparations and returned to normal values between 3 and 5 h after the challenge. In nude mice, high titers of circulating TNF were also produced by combined treatment with MDP-GDP and bacterial vaccine. Moreover, in tumor-bearing mice the association of MDP or of MDP-GDP to a bacterial vaccine induced a strong hemorrhagic necrosis, whereas each treatment alone was inactive. It was also found that mice were less sick when they were primed with MDP-GDP than with MDP, and when TNF was elicited by B. pertussis instead of lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, nude mice appeared more resistant to shock and to hemoconcentration than normal mice. PMID- 3167833 TI - New hematopoietic differentiation antigens detected by anti-K562 monoclonal antibodies. AB - Following immunizations of BALB/c mice with K562 cells, we have obtained seven original monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs): (a) One MoAb, GA3, defines an antigen essentially restricted to the red cell series. This antigen is expressed on immature erythroblasts but is not detectable on the surface of early and late erythroid progenitors. GA3 MoAb immunoprecipitates a Mr 105,000 glycoprotein on K562 cells. (b) Two MoAbs, 14B6 and 12B1, react with cells of the monocytic series. MoAb 14B6, which also faintly stains platelets, is reactive with immature myeloid cells and the majority of hematopoietic progenitors. The 14B6 antigen has been immunoprecipitated from 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treated K562 cells as a Mr 130,000-100,000 protein. Antigen 12B1 is expressed only on cultured monocyte/macrophages and is restricted to a subpopulation of monocytes and to follicular dendritic cells. It is not detected on hematopoietic progenitors. Immunoprecipitation experiments performed on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treated K562 cells revealed a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 93,000 86,000. (c) Two anti-K562 MoAbs, CF4 and HE10, recognize a myeloid differentiation antigen expressed from the granulomonocytic colony forming unit stage to polymorphonuclear neutrophils. These MoAbs detect an apparently original glycolipid moiety distinct from LeX. (d) Two MoAbs recognize antigens expressed on the granulomonocytic series. 2E1 recognizes the monocyte low affinity Fc receptor (Mr 40,000) and defines a new cluster of myeloid differentiation (CDw32). The antigen is expressed on a small portion of immature hematopoietic progenitors. 8F5 identifies a Mr 95,000 protein which is also present on plasma cells. In some experiments, it is detected on erythroid colony forming unit analysis. Immunizations with K562 cells thus resulted in the production of antibodies recognizing antigens of the monocytic, granulocytic, as well as erythroid series. However, three of them are also detected on hematopoietic progenitors. PMID- 3167835 TI - Secreted phosphoproteins associated with neoplastic transformation: close homology with plasma proteins cleaved during blood coagulation. AB - We have previously demonstrated that a wide variety of rodent and human tumor cells secrete markedly elevated levels of a transformation-related phosphoprotein with a molecular weight (depending on animal species) of 58,000 to 69,000. With antibody raised to the tumor-secreted phosphoprotein (rat), we have now identified an antigenically related protein in normal rat and human plasma. The rat plasma protein and the rat tumor-secreted phosphoproteins comigrated on polyacrylamide gels and were identically cleaved during blood coagulation as well as by purified thrombin. Mouse macrophages expressed a similar or identical phosphoprotein suggesting that monocytic cells may be a source of the normal plasma protein. Consistent with elevated secretion of this protein by tumor cells, plasma and sera from cancer patients contained elevated levels of this protein, raising the possibility that this circulating marker may prove useful for monitoring tumor burden. Amino acid sequence derived from the amino terminus of the rat tumor phosphoprotein indicates that it is distinct from previously sequenced proteins, but that it may be related to protein-tyrosine kinases encoded by viral and proto-onc genes. PMID- 3167836 TI - Detection of drug resistance in human tumors by in vitro enzymatic amplification. AB - Both acquired and natural resistance to chemotherapy agents have proved problematic in the treatment of neoplasia. Thymidylate synthase, which catalyzes the synthesis of thymidine precursors, has been shown to be amplified in response to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents. The detection of such amplification could prove beneficial in the development of alternative clinical protocols. In this study we report the use of existing enzymatic amplification methods in order to detect incipient amplification of the thymidylate synthase gene upon resistance to cisplatin. The assay utilizes a modification of the polymerase chain reaction in which a sequence of the thymidylate synthase gene is amplified including two flanking oligonucleotides acting as primers for DNA synthesis. This method exhibits greater sensitivity than conventional nucleic acid detection methods and requires less than 100 ng of total RNA from patient tumors and no in vitro culturing of patient cells. PMID- 3167837 TI - A new tumor promoter from the seed oil of Jatropha curcas L., an intramolecular diester of 12-deoxy-16-hydroxyphorbol. AB - A new type of phorbol ester, which has a macrocyclic dicarboxylic acid diester structure, was isolated from the seed oil of Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae). Based on the results of spectroscopic analyses of the compound and its chemical degradation products, its structure is proposed to be an intramolecular 13,16 diester of 12-deoxy-16-hydroxyphorbol, 12-deoxy-16-hydroxyphorbol-4'-[12',14' butadienyl]-6'-[16',18',20' - nonatrienyl]-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-(13-O)-2' [carboxylate]-(16-O)-3 '- [8'-butenoic-10']ate (DHPB). DHPB showed slightly weaker biological and biochemical activities than 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA). DHPB induced ornithine decarboxylase in mouse skin (2.8 nmol CO2/30 min/mg protein/34 nmol application), inhibited the specific binding of [3H]-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate to phorbol ester receptors (50% effective dose, 17.0 nM), and activated protein kinase C in vitro (50% effective dose, 36.0 nM). Also, a weak tumor-promoting activity of DHPB was found in a two stage carcinogenesis experiment on mouse skin. One week after initiation of mice with 100 micrograms of 7,12-dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene, topical application, twice a week, of 2 micrograms of DHPB until week 17, followed by application of 5 microgram of DHPB until week 30 at the same rate, resulted in 46.7% incidence of tumors by week 30. The groups treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene alone or DHPB alone did not produce significant numbers of tumors. These results indicate that the new phorbol ester, DHPB, is a tumor promoter with weaker activity than 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. PMID- 3167838 TI - Bromine-80m radiotoxicity and the potential for estrogen receptor-directed therapy with auger electrons. AB - While theoretically feasible, estrogen receptor (ER)-directed radiotherapy of hormone-dependent cancers has not been realized because no ER-seeking ligand with an appropriate radiotoxic potential has been identified. Since an appropriate nuclide is a key component we studied the 4.4-h half-life, Auger electron emitting nuclide bromine-80m. When incorporated into DNA this nuclide was radiotoxic to cells in culture and caused substantial chromosomal damage, while similar concentrations of bromine-80m as bromide or bromoantipyrine were without effect. The mean lethal dose for bromine-80m was 45 atoms per nucleus which is consistent with use in receptor-positive cancers with limited numbers of ER. PMID- 3167839 TI - Detection of chromosome aneuploidy in interphase nuclei from human primary breast tumors using chromosome-specific repetitive DNA probes. AB - We have used in situ hybridization with chromosome specific repetitive DNA sequences as a probe to reveal particular chromosomes as distinct spots or clusters of signal within interphase nuclei. Using karyotypically defined cells and cell lines, we show that the number of signals obtained per nucleus correlates with the number of particular chromosomes present in that nucleus. Further, admixtures of karyotypically different cell lines could be detected. In situ hybridization of nuclei and metaphase spreads derived from the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 shows that a deviant number of spots/nucleus indicates a numerical and/or structural chromosomal aberration. In seven primary breast tumors studied, we detected numerical aberrations of the target sites of chromosomes 1 and/or 18. Although all had a single peak in DNA flow measurements, six of the cases appeared to be heterogeneous with respect to their spots/nucleus content. PMID- 3167840 TI - Case-control study of borderline ovarian tumors: reproductive history and exposure to exogenous female hormones. AB - Borderline ovarian tumors possess many of the same morphological features as their malignant counterparts, but they do not destructively invade the ovarian stroma, and the women in whom they develop generally have a favorable prognosis. Female residents of three urban counties of western Washington diagnosed with serous and mucinous borderline ovarian tumors between 1980 and 1985 (n = 116) were interviewed regarding past reproductive events. A random sample of women from the same counties (n = 158) was identified through random digit dialing and were interviewed. The risk of these ovarian tumors among women who had given birth to 1 or 2 children and to 3 or more children was, respectively, 0.7 and 0.4 that of nulliparous women. There was no consistent influence of increasing age at first live birth. Adjusting for parity, a history of lactation was associated with a 50% reduction in risk. Among nulliparous women, a further increase in risk was present in those who reported a history of infertility. Use of oral contraceptives was associated with a 60% reduction in risk. However, the size of the association was not dependent on duration, age at first use, or years since last usage. In conclusion, borderline tumors appear to have similar epidemiological patterns with regard to reproductive events as their more malignant counterparts. PMID- 3167841 TI - Intraperitoneal administration of human recombinant interferon-alpha in patients with ovarian cancer: effects on lymphocyte phenotype and cytotoxicity. AB - Eleven patients with persistent Stage III ovarian cancer, documented at second look laparotomy, received i.p. human recombinant interferon-alpha (5-50 x 10(6) units/week). Prior to immunotherapy, patients' peritoneal cell lymphocytes (PCLs) contained decreased proportions of Leu-7+ and Fc-receptor+ cells and almost nondetectable natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxic (ADCC) activity. In contrast, patients' peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) contained normal proportions of lymphocyte subsets and cytotoxic activity compared to control donor PBLs. During therapy, there was a concurrent increase in PCL Leu-7+ cells and NK lysis. Both peaked predictably at 24 h after each treatment, regardless of the dose injected, and usually returned to baseline by Day 7 of each weekly cycle. PCL NK enhancement was striking, usually increasing from 2-6% (effector:target ratio, 25:1) to over 30% lysis. Enhancement of PCL ADCC was less impressive. PCLs of several patients developed lytic activity towards NK resistant Raji targets. During therapy, patients' PBLs demonstrated: (a) modestly enhanced NK lysis at Day 4 of each cycle, and; (b) no development of Raji lysis. These data clearly demonstrate the efficacy of i.p. interferon in activation of peritoneal NK activity. However, increased NK lysis did not correlate with individual tumor responses in this cohort of patients. PMID- 3167842 TI - Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of mitoxantrone given to patients by intraperitoneal administration. AB - On the basis of its high degree of cytotoxicity against fresh human ovarian cancers and its relative lack of vesicant activity, mitoxantrone administered by the i.p. route was studied in a Phase I and pharmacokinetic trial. Thirty-three patients with good performance status and diagnoses of metastatic or recurrent ovarian (31 patients) and colon (two patients) cancers were treated with 12- to 38-mg/m2 doses, administered by the i.p. route every 4 wk for up to ten treatment courses. Mitoxantrone doses were escalated at 2- to 3-mg/m2 increments in groups of three to 11 patients. Thirty-eight mg/m2 (by i.p. dwell without removal) were considered the maximally tolerated dose in that, of eight treated patients, four experienced severe leukopenia and six experienced severe abdominal pain. Response to i.p. mitoxantrone was evaluable in 17 patients. None of seven patients with clinically measurable intraabdominal or pelvic tumor masses responded; however, in three (50%) of six patients with nonmeasurable disease, there was normalization of previously elevated serum CA-125 concentrations for 3, 17, and 24 mo. Additionally, two (50%) of four patients who underwent third-look laparotomies were found to have greater than 75% reductions in i.p. tumor masses with response lasting 24 and 25 mo. At 38 mg/m2, mitoxantrone was associated with a mean concentration.time product of 100 micrograms.h/ml in the i.p. space and of 0.071 micrograms.h/ml in plasma, yielding an i.p./plasma area under the curve ratio of 1408. We conclude that chemical peritonitis is the dose-limiting toxicity of i.p. administered mitoxantrone and that a dose of 23 mg/m2 every 3 to 4 wk should be used in future Phase II trials in ovarian cancer patients with minimal residual intraabdominal and pelvic disease following second-look laparotomy. PMID- 3167843 TI - Phase I and clinical pharmacology study of intravenous flavone acetic acid (NSC 347512). AB - We have conducted a Phase I and pharmacological study of flavone acetic acid, one of a series of novel flavonoids. The drug was administered i.v. weekly for 4 weeks, with a 2-week rest and then repeated. Flavone acetic acid was given initially in a 1-h infusion, but at the 3900-mg/m2 dose level, the infusion time was lengthened to 3 h. A total of 31 patients were treated with 9 different dose levels, ranging from 330 to 6400 mg/m2. Dose-limiting toxicity was acute hypotension that began after about one-third of each drug dose had been infused and rarely lasted more than a few minutes after the infusion was discontinued. In addition, subjective fatigue and asthenia causing unacceptable patient discomfort was dose limiting. A significant side effect noted that was not dose limiting was diarrhea during the infusion. This drug exhibited nonlinear pharmacokinetic behavior. Plasma levels exceeded 300 micrograms/ml during the infusion at the maximally tolerated dose. After the infusion ended the principal half-life was about 2 h. In 24-h urine collections 27% of the flavone acetic acid dose was recovered as intact drug and an additional 37% was recovered as a metabolite. The maximally tolerated dose determined in this study is 6400 mg/m2 given i.v. over 3 h. PMID- 3167844 TI - Mechanisms of innate resistance to thymidylate synthase inhibition after 5 fluorouracil. AB - Fifty-four patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma received i.v. bolus 5 fluorouracil, 500 mg/m2, prior to surgical biopsy of tumor at 20-400 min, for analysis of biochemical parameters of resistance to thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition. The majority of patients, 37, had colon or rectal adenocarcinoma, five had breast cancer, five had gastric primary disease, four had pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and three had hepatocellular adenocarcinoma. Fluorodeoxyuridylate (FdUMP) was assayed by isotope dilution of [3H]FdUMP binding to bacterial TS; free and total TS was determined by [3H]FdUMP binding; and deoxyuridylate (dUMP) was assayed by conversion to [14C]thymidylate. Free levels of TS were lower in breast cancers, 0.08 +/- 0.06 pmol/g, than in other histologies (overall average, 1.41 +/- 2.25), associated with significantly greater percentages of TS inhibition (88.6% versus 62.0% overall). Colorectal tumors showed significantly greater FdUMP levels than other gastrointestinal malignancies, associated with somewhat lower free TS values. Plots of FdUMP levels, or (FdUMP/dUMP) x 100 values versus percentages of TS inhibition suggested minima of 75 pmol/g and 0.10, respectively, for achieving maximal enzyme inhibition. Analyses of normal tissues showed: poor TS inhibition in liver and normal colonic mucosa, related to low FdUMP levels; and very high dUMP levels in bone marrow leukocytes suggestive of reactive increases in dUMP as an important mechanism of recovery in this tissue. Among the 30 of the 37 colorectal tumors that showed suboptimal (less than 85%) inhibition of TS, 16 (53%) showed FdUMP levels less than 75 pmol/g, 8 (27%) showed relatively high dUMP levels (over 35 nmol/g), and 16 (53%) showed poor efficiency of inhibition of TS, with the major overlap between these mechanisms of resistance being high dUMP and poor binding in 6 (20%). These data provide a strong rationale for administration of leucovorin to the majority of patients receiving 5-fluorouracil, since increased intratumoral reduced folates potentially can overcome multiple mechanisms of resistance including low FdUMP, high dUMP, and high total TS levels, in addition to that caused by isolated folate deficiency. PMID- 3167845 TI - Inhibitory effect of adenosine dialdehyde on in situ murine neuroblastoma growth. AB - The effect of adenosine dialdehyde (AD) on in situ tumor growth and host survival was evaluated in the C1300 murine neuroblastoma tumor model prepared by implantation of murine neuroblastoma cells into A/J mice. AD was administered s.c. by one of the following treatment regimens: regimen A, single daily dose for 5 days; regimen B, minipump infusion for 7 days; regimen C, minipump infusion for 14 days; regimen D, minipump infusion for two 7-day periods interspersed by a 7 day drug free interval. AD doses of 1.5 to 2.5 mg/kg/day infused over a 7-day period (regimen B) significantly increased the mean life span of tumor bearing mice from 20.9 +/- 1.2 days (mean +/- 2 SEM) in diluent treated controls to 35.3 +/- 2.1 days in AD treated animals (mean increase +/- 2 SEM: 69 +/- 10%; P less than 0.0001). This treatment regimen also produced a 56 +/- 13% decrease in tumor diameter (P less than 0.0001). Administration of AD for two 7-day infusion periods, interspersed by a 7-day drug free interval (regimen D), increased mean life span 80% (controls, 21.3 +/- 4.4 days; AD treated 38.4 +/- 5.6 days; P less than 0.0005). Hematopoietic toxicity was not observed when doses between 2 and 3 mg/kg/day of AD were infused for 7 days (regimen B). These data suggest that steady state infusions of AD can significantly suppress murine neuroblastoma tumor growth with little systemic toxicity. In contrast, single daily injections of AD were ineffective and toxic to the tumor bearing host. PMID- 3167846 TI - Effect of diallyl sulfide on rat liver microsomal nitrosamine metabolism and other monooxygenase activities. AB - It has been reported that p.o. administration of diallyl sulfide (DAS), a naturally occurring component of garlic (Allium sativum), inhibits 1,2 dimethylhydrazine-induced colon and liver cancer in rodents. A possible mechanism for this protective effect is inhibition of hepatic activation of the procarcinogen. The effect of DAS on P450IIE1, an isozyme of cytochrome P-450 which is active in the oxidative metabolism of dimethylhydrazine, was conveniently assayed in the present study by determination of N dimethylnitrosamine demethylase (NDMAd) activity at 1 mM N-dimethylnitrosamine in Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomal incubations. DAS was found to be a competitive inhibitor of NDMAd, in contrast to the irreversible inactivation of NDMAd produced by carbon tetrachloride incubated under similar conditions. The inhibition by DAS of the demethylation of several substrates was selective. The thioether was most potent against N-dimethylnitrosamine, less effective against N nitrosomethylbenzylamine, and essentially ineffective against benzphetamine and ethylmorphine. Microsomes prepared at 3 h after DAS administration (200 mg/kg in corn oil intragastrically) showed moderate inhibition (less than 30% inhibition compared to control microsomes) of several demethylase activities; however, microsomes prepared 18 h posttreatment showed a marked decrease (about 80% inhibition compared to controls) in NDMAd activity, minor effects on other demethylase activities, and a 6-fold increase in pentoxyresorufin dealkylation. These trends at 18 h agreed with immunoblot analyses which showed suppression in the level of P450IIE1 and an elevation in P450IIB1. The selective inhibition of P450IIE1 activity and suppression of its level in microsomes may contribute to the reported chemoprotective effects of DAS. PMID- 3167848 TI - Assessment of cell cycle duration on the incidence of sister chromatid exchanges in somatic and spermatogonial cells of the rat. AB - In order to examine the influence of the length of cell cycle on the incidence of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), average generation times and SCEs were studied in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine from spontaneously dividing rat lymph node, bone marrow, spleen, and spermatogonial cells. Average generation time differences among the three somatic cell types (lymph node, 7.6 h; bone marrow, 12.0 h; spleen, 14.9 h) were statistically significant as were the differences between the germinal cell (37.4 h) and each of the somatic cells. The SCE per cell frequencies were significantly higher in the somatic cells (lymph node, 6.8; bone marrow, 5.8; spleen, 6.1) as compared to the spermatogonial cells (1.6). However, no difference in SCE incidence was detected among the cells from the different somatic tissues. It was concluded that there was no simple relationship between cell cycle duration time and SCE formation. PMID- 3167847 TI - Metabolism of SR 4233 by Chinese hamster ovary cells: basis of selective hypoxic cytotoxicity. AB - The metabolism of SR 4233 (3-amino-1,2,4-bentotriazine-1,4-dioxide), recently reported as highly toxic to hypoxic cells in vitro, was studied by using suspensions of Chinese hamster ovary cells. The rates of formation of two known reduction products, the 1-oxide and the unoxygenated 3-aminobenzotriazine, were measured in aerobic and hypoxic cell suspensions for drug treatments producing both hypoxic and aerobic cytotoxicity. Formation of the 1-oxide and a small amount of the 3-aminobenzotriazine occurred preferentially in hypoxic suspensions. These metabolites were relatively nontoxic to either aerobic or hypoxic cells, implying another mechanism of toxicity. The activation of SR 4233 by single electron transfer, hypothetically forming a toxic drug radical, was explored. Aerobic stimulation of oxygen consumption in respiration-inhibited cells and malondialdehyde release from aerobic cells in the presence of SR 4233 indicated the formation of active oxygen species during drug activation. Increased malondialdehyde release in hypoxic cells and its attenuation by the hydrogen donor, dimethylthiourea, implied the presence of an oxidizing radical. Unlike the nitroimidazole, misonidazole, hypoxic metabolism of SR 4233 did not deplete intracellular glutathione or result in increased binding of drug metabolites to cellular macromolecules. These results are consistent with macromolecular damage caused by an oxygen sensitive, nonbinding, drug-free radical intermediate with oxidizing properties as the mechanism of selective hypoxic toxicity of SR 4233. PMID- 3167849 TI - Spontaneous formation of foci of morphologically transformed cells in populations of C3H 10T1/2 (clone 8) cells. AB - Spontaneous formation of morphologically altered foci of types II and III (neoplastic transformation) was examined in populations of C3H 10T1/2 (10T1/2) cells. Initial surviving cell densities ranged from 3 to 3 x 10(5) cells/100-mm dish and the final cell density was approximately 2 x 10(6) cells/dish, yielding widely differing numbers of population doublings but similar numbers of cell births from the time of cell plating to the attainment of confluence. Spontaneous formation of foci was independent of the initial surviving cell densities (and, therefore, of the number of population doublings) but was related to the number of cell divisions (cell births) between the time the cell population was plated and when suppression of proliferation of wild-type cells occurred in confluent cultures. In 418 pooled asynchronously proliferating cultures in 100-mm dishes the 95% confidence limits for the fraction of dishes containing foci was 0.041 0.089 for type II foci and 0.008-0.036 for type III foci; for cell populations in 2041 pooled cultures in 100-mm dishes, the proliferation of which was synchronized by release from confluence-induced arrest of proliferation, the 95% confidence limits for the fraction of dishes containing foci were 0.150-0.166 for type II foci and 0.017-0.032 for type III foci. Using the Poisson method, the 95% confidence limits for rates of spontaneous transformation in asynchronously proliferating populations of 10T1/2 cells were 1.4-3.2 x 10(-8)/cell/division for type II foci and 0.28 to 1.3 x 10(-8)/cell/division for type III foci; in populations in which proliferation was initially synchronized by release from confluence-induced arrest, spontaneous transformation rates were 5.6-6.3 x 10( 8)/cell/division for type II foci and 0.59-1.1 x 10(-8)/cell/division for type III foci. Spontaneous transformation occurred in populations of wild-type 10T1/2 cells at the rates and with the characteristics expected of the mutation of a single gene locus. PMID- 3167851 TI - Correlation between the anticellular and DNA fragmenting activities of tumor necrosis factor. AB - The treatment of cells sensitive to the anticellular effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) with TNF results in a degradation of their cellular DNA into DNA fragments that are multiples of 200 base pairs. TNF treatment of cells resistant to the anticellular effect of TNF, but bearing receptors for TNF, fails to result in any DNA fragmentation. Incubation conditions, such as temperature, the presence of metabolic inhibitors or amino acid deprivation, that modulate the effectiveness of TNF or affect the rate at which TNF exerts its anticellular effect have a similar effect on the ability of the TNF to generate DNA fragments. Thus the TNF-mediated DNA fragmentation and the rate at which it occurs correlates with the rate at which cells respond to the anticellular effect of TNF and, as such, might serve as a marker for the responsiveness of cells to TNF. PMID- 3167850 TI - Mimicry of bryostatin 1 induced phosphorylation patterns in HL-60 cells by high phorbol ester concentrations. AB - The bryostatins are a group of macrocyclic lactones isolated from the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina. Bryostatin 1, like the phorbol esters, activates protein kinase C; however, it partially inhibits the phorbol ester induced differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemic cell line HL-60. We compared the phosphorylation response in HL-60 cells treated with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate or bryostatin 1. Bryostatin 1 enhanced the phosphorylation of the same proteins as did typical concentrations (10(-8)-10(-9) M) of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. In addition, bryostatin 1 caused the appearance of 2 phosphorylated protein spots with molecular weights of 70,000 and pIs of 6.3-6.4. These latter phosphorylations were evident after a 30-min exposure to bryostatin 1 at 6 nM. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate concentrations of at least 600 nM, approximately 100 fold that necessary to induce differentiation, also induced the appearance of these phosphoprotein spots. The Mr 70,000 phosphoproteins were located in the ionic detergent-soluble cellular fraction which would contain the cytoskeletal proteins. Their phosphorylation was almost totally on serine residues. We speculate that phorbol esters at very high concentrations may more closely resemble bryostatin 1. PMID- 3167852 TI - myc family gene abnormality in lung cancers and its relation to xenotransplantability. AB - In order to study the relationship between tumor transplantability to the nude mouse and abnormality of the myc family genes (c-myc, N-myc, L-myc) in human primary lung cancers, 32 various lung cancers were analyzed for abnormality of the myc family genes by Southern blot hybridization, and were transplanted s.c. into nude mice. Southern blot analysis showed that four non-small cell carcinomas and three small cell carcinomas had amplified c-myc and L-myc genes, respectively. Allelic deletion of the L-myc gene was observed in seven cancers, of which two also had an additional band of the c-myc gene or amplification of the L-myc gene. No abnormality of the N-myc gene was observed in this series. Of 13 cancers with abnormality of the myc family genes, 11, including all tumors with myc gene amplification, were transplantable to nude mice. Of 19 tumors without any abnormalities of the myc family genes, however, only five were transplantable to nude mice (P less than 0.005). These results indicate that abnormality of the myc family genes, especially gene amplification, might promote tumorigenic ability in xenotransplantation of lung cancers and this phenomenon might be closely related to the function of the myc gene. PMID- 3167853 TI - Antitumor activity of quinocarmycin (KW2152) against various cultured leukemia and lymphoma cell lines in vitro. AB - Growth inhibitory activity of quinocarmycin citrate (KW2152) against 25 human cultured cell lines derived from leukemias and lymphomas was assessed quantitatively by regrowth assay. EC90 values (drug concentration required for 90% growth inhibition of treated cells) measured at 1-h exposure to the drug in vitro were more than 16 micrograms/ml in five of six T-cell lines derived from T lymphoma/leukemia, hence they were insensitive to KW2152. On the other hand, four of six B-cell lines derived from B-lymphoma and three of four cell lines derived from non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia were sensitive to KW2152 with EC90 values of 0.3 to 2.2 micrograms/ml at 1-h exposure. Six myelomonocytoid cell lines derived from acute myelogenous leukemia were also sensitive with EC90 values of 1.8 to 3.0 micrograms/ml on 1-h exposure, but two myeloid cell lines derived from chronic myelogenous leukemia and one cell line derived from erythroleukemia were insensitive with EC90 values of more than 16 micrograms/ml. The EC90 values of most cell lines decreased as exposure time increased, and those measured at 24-h exposure were similarly low and mostly in the 0.02 to 0.06 micrograms/ml range. The kinetics analysis of growth inhibitory activity of KW2152 revealed that the drug showed time-dependent action. These in vitro results, as correlated with in vivo results reported elsewhere (K. Fujimoto, T. Oka, and M. Morimoto, Cancer Res., 47: 1516-1522, 1987), suggest that daily consecutive or continuous dose therapy as well as single or intermittent large dose therapy would be worthy of testing in the clinical trial of KW2152. PMID- 3167854 TI - Flow cytometric enumeration of drug-resistant tumor cells. AB - In an attempt to elucidate the role of somatic mutation in the development of resistance to cancer chemotherapy, an assay was sought to measure the frequency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) mutants in human tumors. Based on the same principle as [3H]thymidine/autoradiography, a method was developed to identify cell proliferation using the thymidine analog 5-bromo-2' deoxyuridine (BrdUrd). BrdUrd incorporation into DNA was measured following the immunofluorescent staining of fixed cells using a monoclonal antibody highly specific for this nucleoside analog. The human leukemic cell line, CCRF-CEM, was used to investigate the conditions necessary for the stringent selection of HPRT- mutants using 6-thioguanine (6TG). The appropriate 6TG exposure necessary to inhibit BrdUrd incorporation in wild-type cells, while allowing proliferation of spontaneous HPRT- mutants, was greater than or equal to 30 microM 6TG for 72 h (10 microM BrdUrd added 24 h prior to harvest). BrdUrd did not affect the growth of HPRT- mutants in the presence of 6TG. BrdUrd-labeled 6TG-resistant cells were enumerated flow cytometrically using fluorescent microspheres as an internal standard and the nonparametric, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for independent statistical analysis of the subpopulations of fluorescent, 6TG-resistant cells. Evidence that CCRF-CEM cells which incorporated BrdUrd in the presence of 6TG were, in fact, HPRT- mutants was sought. It was demonstrated that spontaneous 6TG resistant cells from the CCRF-CEM population were reduced by growth in medium containing aminopterin. The mutant frequency in the CCRF-CEM cell line was found to be 4.28 x 10(-5) +/- 2.04 x 10(-5) using the BrdUrd/flow cytometric technique. PMID- 3167856 TI - Formation and repair of cisplatin-induced adducts to DNA in cultured normal and repair-deficient human fibroblasts. AB - The formation and repair of cisplatin [cis-PtCl2(NH3)2] adducts in the DNA of cultured normal and repair-deficient human fibroblasts are presented in relation to cell survival after cisplatin treatment. Directly after treatment with cisplatin, in normal (MB), Fanconi's anemia (FA), and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) fibroblasts four platinated products are found. The major adduct is cisplatin bound to two neighboring guanines, Pt-GG (62-75%). A less abundant product is cisplatin bound to an AG sequence (Pt-AG). Binding to two guanines separated by one or more bases or to two guanines in opposite DNA strands (together measured as G-Pt-G) and cisplatin bound monofunctionally to guanine (Pt-G) are also found in small amounts. The distribution of the four products is similar to that found previously, in in vitro systems as well as in living cells. Directly after cisplatin treatment, the removal of cisplatin-DNA adducts is fast in normal and FA fibroblasts, whereas in XP fibroblasts adduct removal proceeds slowly throughout the repair period studied. Both FA and XP fibroblasts are extremely sensitive to cisplatin with regard to cell killing. For FA fibroblasts this sensitivity may be attributed to the fact that in these cells initially more DNA adducts are formed than in normal fibroblasts, and/or to their known deficiency in the repair of DNA interstrand cross-links. For XP fibroblasts this sensitivity may be caused by their deficiency in the fast repair process, known as excision repair. PMID- 3167855 TI - Activation of mouse macrophages by alkylglycerols, inflammation products of cancerous tissues. AB - Alkylglycerols, inflammation products of lipids in cancerous tissues, are potent macrophage stimulating agents. Administration of small amounts (10-100 ng) of alkylglycerols to mice greatly enhanced macrophage activation for Fc-mediated ingestion activity at the 5th day posttreatment. Dose effect analysis revealed that dodecylglycerol (DDG), one of the alkylglycerols, stimulates macrophages most effectively at the dose of 100 ng/mouse. Administration of lower concentrations of a longer carbon chained alkylglycerol, sn-3-octadecylglycerol (batyl alcohol), to mice produced a similar activation of macrophages. In vitro incubation of mouse peritoneal cells with 50 ng DDG/ml efficiently stimulated macrophages for Fc-mediated ingestion activity. However, in vitro treatment of macrophages alone with DDG was unable to stimulate ingestion activity. When a mixture of macrophages and nonadherent (B and T) cells was treated with DDG, a greatly enhanced Fc-mediated ingestion was observed at about 3 h posttreatment, suggesting that nonadherent cells contributed to the activation of macrophages. Since coincubation of these cells with DDG is required for macrophage activation, stepwise stimulation processes by exchanging signaling factor(s) among these cell types were considered for the developmental mechanism of ingestion capacity of macrophages. When a conditioned medium of DDG-treated B- or T-cells was admixed with macrophages and incubated for 3 h, no significantly enhanced ingestion activity of macrophages was observed. Thus, exchange of signaling factor(s) among B- and T-cells was analyzed by transferring conditioned media of DDG-treated B- or T-cells to untreated T- or B-cells. When the resultant (treated B-cells--- untreated T-cells conditioned medium was admixed with untreated macrophages and incubated for 3 h, a markedly enhanced Fc-mediated ingestion was observed. However, no significant increase in ingestion activity was found in macrophages incubated with the treated T-cell----untreated B-cell conditioned medium. Therefore, we concluded that DDG-treated B-cells initiated macrophage activation processes by releasing and transmitting a signaling factor(s) to T-cells, and in turn the T-cells modified the factor or produced a new factor(s) capable of the ultimate stimulation of macrophages for ingestion capability. PMID- 3167857 TI - Genetic evidence for progressive selection and overgrowth of primary tumors by metastatic cell subpopulations. AB - We have exploited random insertions of transfected DNA as unique clonotypic markers to follow cell lineages during primary and metastatic tumor growth of a mouse mammary adenocarcinoma, SP1. Southern analysis was undertaken of primary solid tumors and metastases obtained after injection of a pooled population of individual SP1 transfectants, or reconstituted mixtures of genetically marked metastatic and unmarked nonmetastatic cells. Here we provide evidence for the reproducible selection and eventual overgrowth of primary tumors by genotypically distinct metastatic clones, thereby illustrating that late-state, advanced primary tumors can evolve to become biologically similar, or even identical, to distant metastases. The selective growth advantage of metastatic cells within primary tumors was shown to occur despite the fact that tumors generated by both metastatic and nonmetastatic SP1 cell populations grew at comparable growth rates when injected and analyzed separately. The extent of the local growth advantage manifested by individual metastatic clones varied considerably, from 5- to 50 fold. Clonal overgrowth was also observed whether the tumor cells were injected ectopically, or orthotopically (i.e., into the mammary fat). This type of experimental approach should provide new insights into the dynamics of tumor progression and metastasis, the lineage relationship of primary tumors to metastases, the influence of clonal interactions on tumor behavior, and the physiological changes which are causative of malignant disease. PMID- 3167858 TI - Effects of the pineal hormone melatonin on the proliferation and morphological characteristics of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) in culture. AB - Since melatonin, the major hormone of the pineal gland, has been shown to inhibit the growth of mammary tumors in animal models of human breast cancer, we examined the hypothesis that this indoleamine has the potential to inhibit breast cancer growth by directly inhibiting cell proliferation as exemplified by the growth of the estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 in culture. Concentrations of melatonin (10(-9) M; 10(-11) M), corresponding to the physiological levels present in human blood during the evening hours, significantly inhibited (P less than 0.001) cell proliferation by as much as 60% to 78% as measured by either DNA content or hemocytometer cell counts. Melatonin's inhibitory effect was reversible since the logarithmic growth of MCF 7 cells was restored after melatonin-containing medium was replaced with fresh medium lacking melatonin. Not only was the inhibitory effect of melatonin absent at either pharmacological (10(-7) M; 10(-5) M) or subphysiological (10(-15) M; 10(-13) M) concentrations, but melatonin also failed to inhibit the proliferation of either human foreskin fibroblasts or the estrogen receptor-positive human endometrial cancer cell line RL95-2. Both transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed several morphological changes that correlated with melatonin's inhibition of cell growth. After just 4 days of exposure to melatonin, MCF-7 cells exhibited reduced numbers of surface microvilli, nuclear swelling, cytoplasmic and ribosomal shedding, disruption of mitochondrial cristae, vesiculation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and an increase in the numbers of autophagic vacuoles. These results support the hypothesis that melatonin, at physiological concentrations, exerts a direct but reversible, antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cell growth in culture. This antiproliferative effect is associated with striking changes in the ultrastructural features of these cells suggestive of a sublethal but reversible cellular injury. PMID- 3167859 TI - Immunocytochemical study of progesterone receptors in hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrial tissues. AB - Endometrial carcinoma is the most common genital malignancy in North America. However its pathogenesis, in particular its relationship with hyperplasia is not clear. To understand steroid hormonal interactions in the genesis and growth of human endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, we have assayed progesterone receptors in hyperplasia and neoplastic human endometrium by immunocytochemistry. The presence of progesterone receptors in target tissues is known to be a marker of both estrogen and progesterone action. The receptors were identified in fresh frozen sections using a mouse monoclonal antiprogesterone receptor antibody (alpha PR6). The progesterone receptor content was high in the epithelium of hyperplasia without cytological atypia and low in the epithelium of endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (hyperplasia with cytological atypia). In carcinomas there was a heterogenous distribution of progesterone receptors in the epithelium but low as compared to hyperplastic endometria without cytological atypia. The stroma contained relatively high progesterone receptor levels irrespective of whether the epithelium was hyperplastic or neoplastic. PMID- 3167860 TI - Establishment of a human megakaryoblastic cell line (T-33) from chronic myelogenous leukemia in megakaryoblastic crisis. AB - A megakaryoblastic cell line, termed T-33, was established from the peripheral blood of a patient with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia in megakaryoblastic crisis. T-33 cells have been maintained in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% fetal calf serum in a single cell suspension with a doubling time of 24-36 h for over 2 years. Giemsa-banded karyotypes were female hyperdiploid with a modal chromosomal number of 51, all cells including Philadelphia chromosome. The cells showed strong positivity for periodic acid Schiff and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, and weak for alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, but were negative for myeloperoxidase. Flow cytometric analysis of cell surface markers showed the existence of HLA-DR, MY-7, MY-9, and a platelet antigen (Yukb), and no markers for T- or B-lymphocytes. Most of the cells fixed with acetone were positive for Factor VIII, platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa, IIIa (Yukb), and Ib, but negative for glycophorin A and hemoglobin. Ultrastructural platelet peroxidase was demonstrated in 2-3% of cells and the percentage of positive cells increased up to 20% after the treatment with 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. The cells contained small dense granules negative for platelet peroxidase, their number increasing threefold after 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treatment. Such treated cells frequently showed a complex of the demarcation membrane in the cytoplasm. T-33 responded thrombin to exhibit calcium influx. This cell line may be useful for the study of the early stage of megakaryocytic differentiation in human megakaryopoiesis. PMID- 3167861 TI - Generation of two murine monoclonal antibodies that can discriminate N-glycolyl and N-acetyl neuraminic acid residues of GM2 gangliosides. AB - Since the preliminary analyses of the glycolipids of small cell carcinomas of the lung showed an increase of GM2 ganglioside, we generated new murine monoclonal antibodies directed to GM2 to identify the molecular species of the glycolipid. The monoclonal antibodies MK2-34 and MK1-16 (both IgM), which specifically detect N-glycolyl GM2 and N-acetyl GM2, respectively, were generated by immunizing mice with liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipid A, trehalose dimycolate, and the antigenic ganglioside. Among the glycolipid preparations extracted from the cancer tissues of 39 patients with lung cancer, a significant amount of N-acetyl GM2 was detected with MK1-16 antibody in 70% of the squamous cell carcinoma cases, 50% of the lung adenocarcinoma cases, 33% of the large cell carcinoma cases, and 100% of the cases of small cell carcinoma of the lung. On the other hand, N-glycolyl GM2 which was defined by the monoclonal MK2-34 was not found in any of the glycolipid fractions prepared from the lung cancer tissues examined in this study. Immunohistochemical studies of the lung cancer tissues with the MK1 16 antibody showed that the N-acetyl GM2 was present not only in small cell carcinoma tissues as one of the antigens related to tumors of neuroectodermal origin, but also in the squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung with a comparable frequency. The appearance of the N-acetyl GM2 antigen correlated well with the degree of differentiation of the cancer cells in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung. PMID- 3167862 TI - Effect of sodium butyrate and other differentiation inducers on poorly differentiated human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines. AB - We have studied the effects of sodium butyrate, retinoic acid, and dimethyl sulfoxide on two human ovarian carcinoma cell lines PE04 and PE01. PE04 cells, after treatment with sodium butyrate at cytostatic doses (2-3 mM for 4 days), exhibited phenotypic changes including induction of alkaline phosphatase and determinants recognized by the monoclonal antibodies 123C3 and 123A8. These effects are not simply the result of cytostasis as they were not produced by dimethyl sulfoxide or retinoic acid. Other markers are also modified by sodium butyrate including lipid, acid mucin, and glycogen. Retinoic acid modulated expression of lipid and CA125, while dimethyl sulfoxide reduced expression of CA125. Other short chain fatty acids such as propionic acid and valeric acid (in addition to butyric acid) also induced alkaline phosphatase and the determinants recognized by 123C3 and 123A8 in PE04 cells. Other differentiation inducers and cytotoxic agents studied did not induce these markers at cytostatic concentrations. The effects of sodium butyrate (and related short chain fatty acids) thus appear to be relatively specific for this cell line. PMID- 3167863 TI - Characterization and properties of nine human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines. AB - Four series of cell lines have been derived from patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma. Nine cell lines have been established at one from a solid metastasis. Six lines were derived from the ascites or pleural effusion of patients with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma: PEO1, PEO4, and PEO6 from one patient, PEA1 and PEA2 from a second, and PEO16 from a third. Three lines (PEO14 and PEO23 from ascites and TO14 from a solid metastasis) were derived from a patient with a well-differentiated serous adenocarcinoma. Each set of cell lines was morphologically distinct. The five cell lines PEO1, PEO4, PEO6, PEA1, and PEA2 had cloning efficiencies on plastic of 1-2% and only a few cells in these lines expressed alkaline phosphatase or vimentin. Only a low percentage of these cells reacted with the monoclonal antibodies 123C3 and 123A8 but most reacted with OC125. Conversely the cell lines PEO14, TO14, PEO23, and PEO16 were characterized by low cloning efficiency values (less than 0.05%), marked expression of alkaline phosphatase and vimentin, and good reaction with 123C3 and 123A8 but not OC125. These four cell lines also exhibited dome formation. Four of the cell lines, PEO1, PEO4, PEO6, and PEO16, have been xenografted into immune deprived mice and found to be tumorigenic. PMID- 3167864 TI - Specificity study to evaluate induction of aberrant crypts in murine colons. AB - We have previously reported on our findings of aberrant crypts (AC) in the colons of rodents treated with a colon carcinogen. In this report, the specificity of AC formation was assessed by testing a variety of agents for their ability to induce AC in the colons of CF1 and C57BL/6J mice. In addition, the ability of each of the agents to induce nuclear aberrations (NA) was assessed and compared with the AC data. The test agents included hydrazines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, and nitrosocompounds. The colons were assessed for AC 2 or 4 weeks following a single treatment with the test agent. Of the seven agents that induced AC formation, five were colon carcinogens and the other two were agents believed to be carcinogenic to organs other than the colon. None of the five agents believed to be noncarcinogens induced AC whereas three of them did induce NA in at least one of the strains of mice tested. Comparison of AC and NA induction for each test agent showed that all agents that induced AC also induced NA and that the converse was not true. The findings of the present study indicate that AC are induced specifically in response to colon carcinogens and support our contention that AC are preneoplastic lesions. PMID- 3167865 TI - Aberrant crypts: potential preneoplastic lesions in the murine colon. AB - Murine colons treated with the colon carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM) have been reported to contain aberrant crypts (AC), which are characterized by their larger size and wider pericryptal zones. The methodology used to visualize AC consists of staining the fixed, unsectioned colonic mucosa with methylene blue and transillumination of the luminal surface at a magnification of 40x. The objective of the present studies was to determine if AC demonstrate characteristics to support our hypothesis that they are putative preneoplastic lesions. Studies were designed to determine the time of occurrence of AC (Study I), the induction of AC in response to varying dosages of AOM ranging from 0.0 to 10.0 mg/kg body weight (Study II), and the effect of a high fat diet (20% fat by weight) on the number and size of AC (Study III). In all studies 4-6-week-old female CF1 mice were used. In addition C57BL/6J female mice were used in Study I. The major findings were as follows: (a) the time period required to form AC was approximately 2 weeks following a single AOM injection (5 mg/kg); (b) a dose-dependent increase in the induction of AC was noted in response to AOM from none in the control group to a plateau level of 2.90 +/- 0.38 foci at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg; (c) in comparison to the low fat group, the high fat group had a greater (P less than 0.05) mean number of foci of AC per 5 cm of colon (15.67 +/- 1.32 vs. 11.44 +/- 1.44) and a larger (P less than 0.05) mean size of foci of AC (0.0296 +/- 0.0012 mm vs. 0.0249 +/- 0.0012 mm) after 16 weeks on the respective diets; and (d) preliminary histological appearance of foci of AC revealed mild atypia to unequivocal dysplasia. The findings of the present study are consistent with the hypothesis that AC are putative preneoplastic lesions. PMID- 3167867 TI - Reproductive factors and risk of cancer of the uterine corpus: a prospective study. AB - Relationships between reproductive factors and risk of cancer of the uterine corpus were investigated in a prospective study of 62,079 women in Norway. A total of 420 cases were diagnosed during follow-up, from 1961 through 1980. The risk of endometrial carcinoma decreased significantly with increasing parity as well as with increasing age at first and last birth. The estimated odds ratio for women with 5 or more births versus uniparous was 0.60 in analyses with adjustment for age and residence characteristics. For first birth at age greater than or equal to 35 versus less than or equal to 19 the odds ratio was 0.48, and for last birth at age greater than or equal to 40 versus less than or equal to 24 we found an odds ratio of 0.45, in analyses with additional adjustment for parity. Significant associations were also found with age at menarche and menopause, the highest risks being observed for women with early menarche or late menopause. The different reproductive variables seemed to affect the risk of sarcomas of the uterine corpus and the risk of endometrial carcinomas in a similar way. PMID- 3167866 TI - Modulation of the cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil by N-methylformamide on a human colon carcinoma cell line. AB - The cytotoxic effect of the combination of N-methylformamide (NMF) with 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) on cell survival of the human colon cancer line HT29 was assessed. The differentiating activity of NMF was evidenced by morphological maturation and conversion of cell culture characteristics to those consistent with a more benign phenotype. In combination experiments, the noncytotoxic concentration of 1% NMF was chosen and doses of 5-FU ranging from 5 to 25 micrograms/ml were employed. Two main schedules were tested either on exponentially or stationarily growing cells: (a) 1% NMF for 72 h followed by 12-h exposure to 5-FU; (b) 5-FU for 12 h followed by 72-h exposure to 1% NMF. The results obtained demonstrated that the 5-FU----NMF sequence determined a powerful reduction in the surviving fraction of HT29 cells, while the reverse sequence did not increase the killing effect of 5-FU given alone. Immunocytochemical and scanning electron microscopy studies seemed to confirm that the association in which the differentiating agent followed the 5-FU treatment strongly impaired cellular integrity and function and that cytoskeletal elements, particularly microfilaments, and surface structures could play an essential role in the mechanisms of cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the results of this work indicate that drug sequence is a critical factor for the optimal combination of 5-FU and NMF. PMID- 3167868 TI - Steroid receptors in epithelial ovarian carcinoma: relation to clinical parameters and survival. AB - Estrogen receptor (ER) and progestin receptor were measured in samples of tumors obtained at first laparotomy from 97 previously untreated patients suffering with a primary ovarian epithelial tumor, for whom a 3-year follow-up was available. The presence or absence of steroid receptors (threshold arbitrarily fixed at 10 fmol/mg of cytoplasmic protein) was determined by the dextran coated charcoal method and related to a number of patient characteristics such as the residual disease (cutoff, 2 cm), histological type, International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians grade and stage, and age. Results were analyzed by univariate and multivariate methods. (a) The tumor ER positivity was associated with better survival; progestin receptor showed a similar trend but did not reach statistical significance. (b) After stratification for residual tumor the association ER positivity/better survival was still statistically significant in the subset of patients with residual tumor greater than 2 cm. (c) When the median survival times were considered it became apparent that progestin receptor absence nullified the effect associated with positive ER. (d) Multivariate analysis confirmed that among the variables considered the main determinants of prognosis were the size of the residual tumor, serous histological type, and positive ER. PMID- 3167869 TI - Cell kinetics in human malignancies studied with in vivo administration of bromodeoxyuridine and flow cytometry. AB - Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) is a pyrimidine analogue which is incorporated into the DNA of proliferating cells. When in vivo BrdUrd infusion is coupled with bivariate flow cytometry to measure cell BrdUrd incorporation and DNA content, both the percentage of DNA-synthesizing cells [BrdUrd-labeling index (LI)] and the DNA synthesis time (TS) can be determined on the same tissue sample. From experimentally determined LI and TS, the potential doubling time of the population and its cell production rate are calculated. To ascertain whether the BrdUrd infusion method is clinically feasible and if data are reliable, we studied patients with leukemia, refractory anemia, multiple myeloma, and brain and gastric tumors. The BrdUrd incorporation data were compared with those determined on duplicate samples with the techniques conventionally used for LI and TS values, i.e., 3H- and 14C-labeled thymidine autoradiography, respectively. The complete BrdUrd procedure takes 6-9 h, and no immediate toxicity from BrdUrd administration has been observed. In an 8-month period, 154 patients were studied. Successful LI and TS determinations were obtained in 78.9 and 59.7% of cases, respectively, more often in hematological than in solid tumors. The values for LI and TS assessed with the BrdUrd technique were very close to those found with 3H- and 14C-labeled thymidine autoradiography (r = 0.88, P less than 0.005, and r = 0.89; P less than 0.005, respectively). The potential doubling time and production rate were accordingly similar. These data indicate that in vivo BrdUrd infusion coupled with flow cytometry measurements can be performed in clinical settings and that this method is reliable. It could be used for kinetic studies in clinical trials aimed at evaluating the prognostic relevance of proliferative parameters and for planning radio- and/or chemotherapy. PMID- 3167870 TI - Phase I-II study of epirubicin in multiple myeloma. AB - Forty patients with relapsed (26) or refractory (14) myeloma were treated with epirubicin of doses of 75, 90, 105, and 120 mg/m2 in groups of 6 or more patients to test for response, maximum tolerated dose, and toxicity. Thirteen patients had received prior doxorubicin and were included in the dose findings part of the study only. Staging was I (1), II (5), and III (34). Partial responses were seen in 5 patients (18.5%) (duration 1.5, 2, 2.5, 10, and 18 months) not previously treated with doxorubicin. No responses were seen in patients treated with prior anthracycline. Responses were not dependent upon dose level of epirubicin. Median nadir white blood cell count at the four-dose levels were 2,300, 1,000, 1,600, and 1,700/mm3 with median nadir granulocyte counts of 897, 720, 688, and 192/mm3. Fever/neutropenia was infrequently observed at the three lower dose levels but occurred in 6 of 10 patients at 120 mg/m2. Platelet nadirs were 110,000, 83,000, 169,000, and 42,000/mm3. Nonhematological toxicity was not dose dependent and included alopecia (100%), nausea/vomiting (40%), and stomatitis (25%). Six patients had greater than or equal to 0.10 changes in the resting ejection fraction with one patient developing congestive heart failure that responded to medical management. This patient had received prior doxorubicin and had a history of myocardial infarction. Epirubicin can produce remissions in patients with previously treated myeloma who have not received prior doxorubicin. Since the response rate was not enhanced at 120/m2 and since fever/neutropenia was seen regularly at this dose level, the recommended dose for further study is 105 mg/m2. PMID- 3167871 TI - U.S.-Japan Cooperative Cancer Research Program Conference. Glutathione S transferase and carcinogenesis. PMID- 3167872 TI - Computerized use of ICP data: preliminary elements on the shunt patient. PMID- 3167873 TI - Post-traumatic vomiting in children. PMID- 3167874 TI - Arteriovenous malformation in children. AB - A retrospective study was carried out on 39 patients, all under the age of 16, who suffered from intracerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM). All had unilateral lesions except for 1 who had bilateral AVMs. The incidence, age, sex distribution, and symptomatology are discussed. Surgical extirpation was carried out if possible after assessment by angiography and computed tomography. Inoperable cases were managed conservatively and followed up. The possibility that AVMs grow was demonstrated. Based on the promising results of the cases operated upon, it is strongly believed that total surgical excision is the treatment of choice. The importance of a microsurgical approach is stressed. PMID- 3167876 TI - Sagittal synostosis--its clinical significance and the results of three different methods of craniectomy. AB - From 1973 to 1986, 50 infants with sagittal synostosis have been operated by three different methods of craniectomy (linear craniectomy and extended craniectomies, as proposed by Schut and Epstein et al.). Preoperatively, the mean cephalic index was 67 +/- 4, 35.5% had clinical findings as cerebral palsy, psychomotor retardation and/or neurological signs, and intraoperatively the epidural pressure was more than 200 mm H2O in 60% (recorded in the last 20 patients). The mean follow-up time was 4.7 (1-10.6) years. Postoperatively, only 14.5% had minor clinical signs, which were mostly not in relation to the former scaphocephaly. Half of the patients with increased ICP had clinical signs preoperatively, and none of the 20 patients had distinct findings postoperatively. Out of the 20 children operated on by linear craniectomy or by Schut's method up to 1980, two-thirds had no school problems and one-third some school problems; one-third had occasionally headaches and one-quarter ametropia. Concerning the aesthetic results, Epstein's method and, somewhat less Schut's method, were superior to linear craniectomy, as verified by craniometry and by the tracings of the outlines of the neurocranium 0.4-0.7 and 1.6-2.0 years postoperatively: mean cephalic indices 73 +/- 5 (normal in one-fourth), 74 +/- 7 (normal in half) and 79 +/- 4 (normal in nearly all patients). Epstein's method is superior to the other two methods because it renders it possible to increase the breadth the greatest during the period of greatest postnatal brain growth. In addition to the effect on the neurocranium, the extended craniectomies add to normalization of the base of the skull (in contrast to the natural history of scaphocephaly). In the long run, the results obtained remain the same. The disadvantage of residual skull defects (approximately 11% of the patients with extended craniectomies) can be avoided by performing surgery prior to 4-6 months of age or by preserving the removed bone in a deep-freeze for a limited time. PMID- 3167875 TI - Prenatal hydrocephalus: outcome and prognosis. AB - The clinical records of 108 infants presenting with hydrocephalus at birth and operated on from 1971 to 1981 were reviewed in order to evaluate the functional results. Premature newborns and spina bifida patients were excluded. Communicated hydrocephalus (39 cases) and aqueductal stenosis (32 cases, excluding 6 X-linked hydrocephalus and 4 toxoplasmoses) were the two main types of hydrocephalus in this series. Eighty-four percent of the infants were operated on before the age of 3 months. The mean follow-up time was 7 years (range 1 to 14 years). The survival rate, calculated by the life table method, was 62% at 10 years. The functional results were evaluated according to intellectual performance, academic level, and psychological status. Of the 75 surviving children, 28% have an I.Q. over 80 and 50% an I.Q. under 60. The mean I.Q. is 54 (range 0 to 130). Of the 52 children who have now reached school age, only 29% have reached a normal academic level. The psychological status is normal or borderline in 46% of the patients. The importance of head enlargement at birth, ventricular size, and the age at the time of surgery are not related to late functional results. The results were best when there were no associated malformations, no shunt infection, when hydrocephalus was due to aqueductal stenosis (excluding X-linked hydrocephalus and toxoplasmosis), or when the first developmental quotient measured at 6 months was over 80. PMID- 3167877 TI - Corpus callosum section in the treatment of intractable seizures in the Sturge Weber syndrome. AB - The Sturge-Weber syndrome includes unilateral cerebral cortical angiomatosis, which often leads to progressive cerebral dysfunction and epileptic seizures that are medically difficult to control. Cerebral resections and hemispherectomy have been successfully performed in the past in intractable epileptic cases. Two children with medically unresponsive generalized seizure activity secondary to the Sturge-Weber syndrome have been surgically treated by dividing their corpus callosum. Cessation of generalized epilepsy was achieved in both cases. Corpus callosotomy is presented as a less destructive and safer procedure in dealing with intractable seizures in the Sturge-Weber syndrome. PMID- 3167878 TI - The value of estimating pressure-volume index in childhood macrocephaly. The relationship between pressure-volume index and the volumes of intracranial structures. AB - In this study on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics in childhood macrocephaly, we investigated the relationship between the pressure volume index (PVI) and the volume of various brain structures. The most important variables of CSF dynamics are the outflow resistance (Ro) and the PVI. We applied a constant CSF infusion rate to measure the PVI. The volumes of intracranial structures were calculated by means of computed tomography. Our study revealed no significant correlation between PVI and CSF volume or between PVI and the intracranial volume, as suggested by earlier studies. We did, however, find a significant correlation between PVI and ventricle volume. These results indicate that in order to estimate PVI for clinical purposes, the ventricle volume rather than CSF volume or head circumference should be used. PMID- 3167879 TI - Sudden infant apnea and insidious hydrocephalus. AB - Hydrocephalus secondary to intracranial-intraventricular hemorrhage is a common complication in the clinical course of the high-risk preterm newborn. Hydrocephalus in this population may be insidious without obvious intracranial hypertension. Apnea and respiratory arrest continue to cause concern following nursery discharge of the high-risk preterm newborn. We report a child who presented to the neonatology service with episodes compatible with serious sudden cardiorespiratory arrest. Insidious "non-hypertensive" hydrocephalus was documented as being responsible for these episodes, which resolved with treatment of the hydrocephalus. The perinatal neurosurgical consultant should be aware of this syndrome and instruct the parents and the pediatricians of these infants, who at the time of discharge are asymptomatic but have ventricular enlargement on neuro-imaging studies. The information presented here is of current importance, since most neonatologists are unaware of the syndrome of insidious hydrocephalus. PMID- 3167880 TI - Cerebral manifestation of hydatid disease in a child. AB - The case of a 9-year-old-boy with a left frontal hydatid cyst is reported. The infection was transmitted by a dog, the final host and a companion of the child. Recovery without complications was accomplished after puncturing, systemic antihelminthic therapy using mebendazole and, finally, total removal of the cyst. PMID- 3167881 TI - Diencephalic epilepsy with congenital suprasellar arachnoid cyst in an infant. AB - The authors report the case of a 2-year-old infant who presented with paroxysm and short changes characterized by acute drowsiness, cold sweats, ocular reversion, facial cyanosis, and bradycardia. Between these attacks, the condition was normal, suggesting diencephalic seizures. Over 2 months five fits were observed by the parents when some to-and-fro bobbing of the head onto the trunk appeared during drowsiness. One electroencephalogram was normal without a slow background or spikes discharges. As the skull radiographs showed erosion of the jugum and chronic intracranial hypertension features, a CT scan was performed and showed hydrocephalus associated with a congenital suprasellar cyst. The cyst was opened into basal cisterns with cystoperitoneal shunt. The histological examination revealed that it was an arachnoid cyst. Six months later, the infant was free of diencephalic seizures and head bobbing. Thus, we can assert that there was a direct relationship between this cyst and the diencephalic seizures. From this case, the authors make a review of the clinical features of diencephalic epilepsy, and their different causes and show that both diencephalic epilepsy and suprasellar arachnoid cysts are not common. PMID- 3167882 TI - Synthesis of antigenic copolymers of N-acetylneuraminic acid binding to wheat germ agglutinin and antibodies. PMID- 3167883 TI - Analysis of positions of substitution of O-methyl or O-ethyl groups in partially methylated or ethylated cellulose by the reductive-cleavage method. AB - A method is described for the analysis of positions of substitution of O-methyl and O-ethyl groups in commercial samples of O-methylcellulose and O ethylcellulose, respectively. The method requires perethylation of O-methyl cellulose and permethylation of O-ethylcellulose. Subsequent reductive cleavage of both polymers gives the same eight products, which are analyzed as their O acetyl derivatives by gas-liquid chromatography. PMID- 3167884 TI - Soluble lignin-carbohydrate complexes from sheep rumen fluid: their composition and structural features. AB - Lignin-carbohydrate complexes, isolated from cell-free rumen fluid of sheep, consisted of polyphenolic material in association with carbohydrate (5.5%) and protein (1.8%). No separation of carbohydrate from the other components could be effected. The complexes showed a bimodal distribution of molecular size with the higher-molecular-weight fraction richer in carbohydrate. Methylation analysis indicated a wide range of linkages and a high proportion of terminal sugars. Reducing sugars were found in the complexes, particularly in the low-molecular weight fraction (approximately 25%), suggesting that ether linkages to the phenolics were also present. PMID- 3167885 TI - Wistaria sinensis agglutinin: purification, carbohydrate specificity, and characterisation of the combining site. AB - A 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose-binding agglutinin from Wistaria sinensis seeds, purified by affinity chromatography on a 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose starch conjugate, was homogeneous as judged by poly(acrylamide) disc gel electrophoresis. It had a mol. wt. of 66,000 (gel filtration on Sephadex G-150); on electrophoresis on SDS-poly(acrylamide) gel in the presence of 2 mercaptoethanol, it dissociated into sub-units of mol. wt. 34,000, suggesting the agglutinin to be a dimer; and it was a glycoprotein containing 4.8% of carbohydrate. It agglutinated several vertebrate erythrocytes, including human regardless of the blood group. In hapten-inhibition assays, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D galactose and its glycosides were found to be better inhibitors than D-galactose and its glycosides, but N-acetyl-lactosamine was the most potent inhibitor. The binding involved HO-3,4 of the haptens and HO-2 partially. PMID- 3167887 TI - Synthesis of 6-deoxy-6-fluorosucrose, and its inhibition of Leuconostoc and Streptococcus D-glucansucrases. PMID- 3167886 TI - An improved method for the preparation of derivatives of reducing oligosaccharide with 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethylamine. PMID- 3167888 TI - Bacteriophage degradation of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella K24 and determination of the position of the O-acetyl group. PMID- 3167889 TI - Synthesis of branched D-xylofuranan by selective, ring-opening polymerization of silylated 1,5-anhydro-beta-D-xylofuranose, and its conversion into a blood anticoagulant. AB - Selective ring-opening polymerization and copolymerization of 1,5-anhydro-D xylofuranose derivatives were studied. Stereoregular (1----5)-alpha-D-xylofuranan was synthesized from a new monomer, 1,5-anhydro-2,3-di-O-(tert butyldimethylsilyl)-beta-D-xylofuranose , with phosphorus pentafluoride and antimony pentachloride as catalysts in dichloromethane. Copolymerization of 3 with 1,5-anhydro-2,3-di-O-benzyl-beta-D-xylofuranose, and desilylation of the copolymer with tetrabutylammonium fluoride gave a partially benzylated stereoregular (1----5)-alpha-D-xylofuranan which was glycosylated with 3,4,6-tri O-acetyl-beta-D-mannose 1,2-(methyl orthoacetate) to give a branched polymer. Deprotection of the benzylated polymer having D-mannosyl branches with sodium in liquid NH3 gave (1----5)-alpha-D-xylofuranans having 2- or 3-O-alpha-D mannopyranosyl branches. Sulfation of the free D-xylofuranans was achieved with piperidine sulfate. The sulfated D-xylofuranan having branches showed high blood anticoagulant activity. PMID- 3167890 TI - [Digitalis glycoside therapy and the sinus node]. PMID- 3167891 TI - [Clinical problems in patients with cardiac pre-excitation of the WPW type]. PMID- 3167892 TI - [Myocardial distribution of C-14 lidocaine and C-14 propafenone in relation to regional myocardial blood flow in a model of chronic-phase myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3167893 TI - Are different pharmacokinetic properties of lidocaine versus propafenone in normal as compared to ischemic myocardium responsible for different electrophysiologic effects which help preventing arrhythmias? PMID- 3167894 TI - [Coronary stenosis and embolization: opposite effects on myocardial perfusion]. PMID- 3167895 TI - [Nifedipine associated with cardioplegia with blood in the experimental protection of the ischemic myocardium]. PMID- 3167896 TI - [Na-Ca exchange in the regulation of electrical and mechanical cardiac activity]. PMID- 3167897 TI - [Effects of vagal stimulation in conscious dogs with previous myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3167898 TI - Pulsed-wave Doppler quantitation of aortic regurgitation associated with mitral stenosis. PMID- 3167899 TI - [Cardiac changes in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3167900 TI - [Surgical correction of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage: a complication-free operation?]. PMID- 3167901 TI - [Relation between the therapeutic efficacy of nifedipine in exercise-induced, mixed and spontaneous angina and acute coronary vasomotor effects evaluated by quantitative angiography]. PMID- 3167902 TI - [Respective contribution of the interventricular septum and free wall of the right ventricle to right ventricular contractile function in acute inferior myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3167903 TI - [Changes in Doppler velocity of mitral blood flow during a spontaneous episode of angina pectoris in a patient with mitral insufficiency]. PMID- 3167904 TI - [Electrophysiological characterization of an accessory atrioventricular pathway using direct recording of electric potentials]. PMID- 3167906 TI - [Angiographic coronary morphology and clinical correlations in stable and unstable angina]. PMID- 3167905 TI - [Anti-infectious prophylaxis in patients at risk for endocarditis in the treatment of the oral cavity. Importance of the antibiotic combination]. PMID- 3167907 TI - [Effects of digitalis on the diastolic phase of the normal heart. Angiographic evaluation in man]. PMID- 3167908 TI - [Theoretic calculation of the minimal acceptable diameter of the branches of the pulmonary artery]. PMID- 3167909 TI - [Arterial hypertension and the predictive value of the exercise test]. PMID- 3167910 TI - [Effect of hypertension on the accumulation of porphyrin on the vascular wall]. PMID- 3167911 TI - [Atrial dissociation caused by intra-atrial block: analysis of a case and electrophysiologic considerations]. PMID- 3167912 TI - [Proposal for echocardiographic codification using a database. Prepared by the Echocardiography Study Group of the Italian Society of Cardiology and the Italian Society of Cardiovascular Echography]. PMID- 3167913 TI - 24-hour electrocardiographic study in myotonic dystrophy. AB - Thirty-eight consecutive adult patients with myotonic dystrophy were included in a study with electrocardiography at rest and 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography. The patients were subdivided into three groups according to the severity of the disease. The prevalence of abnormal electrocardiograms at rest was 31, 50 and 100% in patients with mild, moderate and severe disease, respectively. The main characteristics observed at ambulatory electrocardiography were a high frequency of sinus bradycardia (58%) and intermittent atrioventricular block II (8%). These bradyarrhythmias were not correlated to the severity of the disease. Sustained atrial fibrillation or flutter was found in 3 patients (8%), all with the most severe form of the disease. Ambulatory electrocardiography should be used deliberately in the evaluation of patients with myotonic dystrophy and symptoms compatible with cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 3167914 TI - 5-year mortality rate in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction in relation to early diagnosis. AB - In 1,395 patients admitted to hospital between 1976 and 1981 due to suspected acute myocardial infarction, the 5-year mortality rate was related to whether they developed infarction or not during the first 3 days. In all, patients with definite myocardial infarction had a 5-year mortality rate of 33.4% as compared with 13.3% in patients not fulfilling the criteria for this diagnosis (p less than 0.001). When separately analyzing patients with no previous myocardial infarction before admission and discharged from hospital, the corresponding mortality rate was 24.1% for myocardial infarction patients versus 8.1% in nonmyocardial infarction patients (p less than 0.001). Among all patients with nonconfirmed myocardial infarction, those who partly fulfilled the criteria (possible myocardial infarction) had a 5-year mortality rate of 16.7% as compared with 12.0% in those in whom myocardial infarction was completely ruled out (p = 0.18). Independent risk factors for death among patients not developing early infarction were high age and a clinical history of previous myocardial infarction and smoking. We conclude that in this study the long-term prognosis among patients admitted to hospital due to suspected acute myocardial infarction was clearly related to whether they developed an infarction or not during the first 3 days in hospital. PMID- 3167915 TI - Hemodynamics, circulating catecholamines and response to intravenous nitrate therapy in a specific subset of acute myocardial infarction: the hypertensive hyperkinetic-coronary-active group. AB - A specific subset of acute myocardial infarction was defined and named 'the hypertensive-hyperkinetic-coronary-active' subgroup. This subgroup included patients with acute myocardial infarction without pump failure or hypovolemia who continued to have hypertension and tachycardia, after relief of pain and who also had at least two recurrent ischemic episodes in the first days after a transmural event. Fifteen patients belonging to this group (group A) were studied in comparison with 15 other patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by pump failure (group B). The alterations in hemodynamics, in circulating catecholamine levels and the clinical course during an intravenous infusion of isosorbide dinitrate were evaluated and the data obtained in the two groups were compared. The patients in group A had tachycardia, hypertension and upper normal filling pressures (pulmonary capillary wedge pressures: 15.8 +/- 1.8 mm Hg). They had high levels of circulating catecholamines (1,343 +/- 407 ng/l), a cardiac output of 5.9 +/- 0.6 liters/min and stroke work index of 78 +/- 11 (mean +/- SD). The effect of intravenous nitrates on the left ventricular function curves of the two groups was the following: a marked shift downward and slight shift to the left in group A, as opposed to a moderate but significant shift upward and marked shift to the left in group B. The episodes of recurrent ischemia subsided in 13 out of 15 patients from group A. It appears therefore that the hyperkinetic patients with acute infarction are characterized by a hypersympathetic response, a typical hemodynamic profile and a particular response to nitrate therapy directionally opposite to the changes obtained in patients with acute infarction complicated with failure. PMID- 3167916 TI - Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and nongoitrous hypothyroidism. AB - An increased prevalence of mitral valve prolapse has been found in Graves' disease and a common autoimmune etiology has been suggested for both disorders. We investigated the prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in 87 patients with autoimmune chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, 50 patients with nongoitrous hypothyroidism and 111 healthy control subjects. Mitral valve prolapse was found in 16.09% of patients with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis compared to 6 and 5.4% in nongoitrous hypothyroidism and normal controls, respectively. The result is statistically significant, p less than 0.02, and confirms that the prevalence of mitral valve prolapse is significantly increased in patients with autoimmune disorders of the thyroid gland, when compared to normals and nonautoimmune conditions. PMID- 3167917 TI - Sinus node and atrioventricular nodal function in 220 patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction. AB - Sinus node and atriventricular (A-V) nodal functions were evaluated by right atrial pacing in 220 consecutive patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 10-28 days after the infarct (mean = 14 days). In the 188 patients in whom a pacing rate of 120 beats/min could be achieved, sinus node recovery time, corrected sinus node recovery time (CSNRT) and total recovery time were correlated to infarct site and the presence or absence of myocardial ischemia. Sinus node recovery time and total recovery time were significantly longer in patients with inferior (1,153 + 28 and 3,129 + 179 ms, respectively) or non-Q-wave infarct (1,112 + 28 and 3,730 + 266 ms, respectively), than in patients with anterior infarct (1,044 + 20 and 1,153 + 28 ms, respectively). The parameters were within the reported normal range. When corrected for heart rate (CSNRT), these differences were no longer present. The presence or site of residual ischemia during right atrial pacing did not affect the sinus nodes parameters. A-V nodal function, studied in all 220 patients, was assessed by the appearance of second-degree A-V block at pacing rates below 120 beats/min and by measuring the shortest atrially paced cycle length with 1:1 A-V conduction. Second-degree A-V block appeared at a similar frequency in different AMI locations. Thus, sinus and A-V node functional status in patients recovering from AMI are not affected by infarct site or by the presence or absence of residual myocardial ischemia. PMID- 3167918 TI - 2:1 atrial capture as the cause of pacemaker alternans. AB - Two patients with sinus node disease and a physiologic pacemaker presented with 2:1 atrial capture. Both atrial leads were screw-in leads (6957 J, Medtronic), with normal position on X-rays. When atrial capture was absent, paced QRS complexes resulted in retrograde conduction to the atria. The next atrial spike was followed by a P wave and normal AV conduction. With atrial screw-in leads, alternating atrial capture may be caused by an altered ventricular and atrial contraction pattern, when retrograde conduction exists. Its presence may precede permanent exit block by several weeks. PMID- 3167919 TI - Surgical excision of the vegetation as treatment of tricuspid valve endocarditis. AB - The usual surgical treatment of tricuspid endocarditis is valve replacement or valve excision alone without valve replacement. 'Vegetectomy', i.e. local excision of the vegetation and leaflet repair, has been previously described and can be applied to cases with well-circumscribed vegetations and little or no valve damage. A case of tricuspid valve endocarditis successfully managed by surgical excision of the vegetation is reported. PMID- 3167921 TI - Recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia solely responsive to verapamil in a patient with a remote myocardial infarction. AB - A 49-year-old man with a silent remote postero-inferior wall myocardial infarction exhibited recurrent episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia which was hemodynamically well tolerated. Ventricular tachycardia was neither terminated nor prevented by therapy with multiple class I and class III antiarrhythmic drugs. In contrast, ventricular tachycardia was repeatedly terminated within a few minutes following intravenous administration of 10 mg verapamil and did not recur during oral therapy with verapamil (360 mg daily). Electrophysiologic study suggested that ventricular tachycardia was due to a reentrant mechanism rather than to triggered or abnormal automaticity. Thus, in contrast to previous reports, findings in this patient indicate that verapamil may be very effective and safe in certain types of ventricular tachycardia occurring late after a myocardial infarction. PMID- 3167920 TI - Transcatheter electrical shock ablation of a concealed accessory pathway. AB - Transcatheter electrical shock ablation of a concealed posteroseptal accessory pathway was performed on a 57-year-old man with drug-refractory paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. A single 300-joules shock delivered at the ostium of the coronary sinus abolished conduction in the accessory pathway and resulted in long-term cure of the arrhythmia. No complications were observed during the procedure. PMID- 3167922 TI - Management of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3167923 TI - Organized nursing declares zero tolerance for RCT. PMID- 3167924 TI - Comparison of left and right ventricular blood flow responses during arterial pressure reduction in the autonomically blocked dog: evidence for right ventricular autoregulation. AB - The effect of reducing systemic arterial pressure with an arteriovenous fistula on left and right ventricular myocardial blood flow was studied in 17 anaesthetised, open chest, autonomically blocked dogs. Global and regional myocardial blood flows were measured with radioactive microspheres. As mean arterial pressure was reduced from 133 mmHg to 78 mmHg left ventricular myocardial blood flow and the left ventricular inner to outer flow ratio decreased progressively. By contrast, right ventricular myocardial blood flow remained constant (range 78-81 ml.min-1.100 g-1) whereas right ventricular vascular resistance fell linearly (from 235 to 130 kPa.litre-1.min.100 g-1). The inner to outer right ventricular free wall flow ratio (range 1.04-1.10) and blood flow to the right side of the interventricular septum also did not change significantly. It is concluded that the right ventricular myocardium shows effective autoregulation of total and regional tissue blood flow during changes in coronary perfusion pressure. PMID- 3167925 TI - Pulmonary vasomotor responses to neural activation in man. AB - Passive adaptation to changes in flow is an established mechanism of regulation of pulmonary vasomotility. The role of the autonomic nervous system is not well defined in man. To separate the neural from the mechanical component (variation in flow) the venous return and the lung blood flow of six normal men (while undergoing haemodynamic diagnostic procedures) were impeded by a balloon tipped catheter placed in the inferior vena cava. Mental arithmetic and cold pressor tests were used as sympathetic activators. When the venous return was impeded cardiac output was reduced by a mean of 540 ml compared with baseline. During the arithmetic test the rise in cardiac output fell from 2140 ml when venous return was unimpeded to 890 ml when venous return was impeded. This stimulus changed from being a slight pulmonary vasodilator to being an unequivocal vasoconstrictor. Cold stimulation had little effect on cardiac output and caused an increase in pulmonary arteriolar resistance. This effect was more than doubled when flow through the lungs was impeded. These observations suggest that a neural regulation of the pulmonary circulation exists in man, which is disclosed (arithmetic test) or potentiated (cold pressor test) when the influence of mechanical factors is prevented or reduced. PMID- 3167927 TI - A new technique for producing myocardial infarction using coronary artery balloon occlusion. AB - Many techniques for producing myocardial infarction have required the potential physiological altering effects of a thoracotomy. Previous techniques have used the variable and therefore unpredictable effects of coronary artery injection of occlusive agents, intravascular plugs, and externalized coronary balloon catheters. Previous investigators have reported a survival rate of 50-70%. In the present study a new closed chest dog technique was used in which a catheter with an inflatable detachable balloon was placed in the aorta via the carotid artery. The catheter could be readily lodged into any portion of the right, left anterior, or circumflex coronary artery. The proximal left anterior descending and circumflex arteries were occluded in 15 dogs. This new coronary artery balloon occlusion technique may be used to produce a chronic myocardial infarction with a high survival rate of 90% through the use of short acting anaesthesia and rapid reversal of the effect of morphine with naloxone hydrochloride. The rapid recovery of the dog permits earlier study of haemodynamic variables and arrhythmia due to myocardial infarction in the best physiological state. PMID- 3167926 TI - Haemodynamic and regional blood flow changes after acute pulmonary microembolism in conscious rabbits. AB - The central and peripheral haemodynamic effects of pulmonary embolisation with microspheres were measured in conscious rabbits in which the autonomic and central nervous systems were functioning normally. Sufficient microspheres were given to reduce cardiac output (measured by thermodilution) by one half. This fall in cardiac output was accompanied by a severe fall in arterial pressure and an increase in heart rate and right atrial pressure. Under these conditions cardiac output responded less than normally to an increased right atrial pressure imposed by an infusion of saline. Changes in regional blood flow and resistance were measured with radioactive microspheres injected into the left ventricle. Myocardial blood flow was unaffected by pulmonary embolisation. Cerebral flow was slightly increased. Renal, intestinal, dermal, and skeletal muscle blood flows were all reduced. Myocardial and cerebral tissue vascular resistances decreased; splenic and dermal vascular resistances increased; and renal and skeletal muscle vascular resistances were unchanged. PMID- 3167928 TI - Interacting negative chronotropic effects of adenosine and the vagus nerve on the canine sinus node. AB - The vagus nerve and adenosine exert a negative chronotropic effect on the mammalian sinus node. In addition, adenosine is released from myocardial cells under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions, which are characterised by variable vagal tone. To determine the interaction between adenosine and the vagus nerve, 21 barbiturate anaesthetised mongrel dogs with bilateral cervical vagotomy and stellectomy were studied. In group 1 (n = 16) adenosine (3 mumol.kg-1) was rapidly (less than or equal to 1 s) administered before (control) and during 60 s of repetitive vagal stimulation. Each stimulus (consisting of a burst of 5 square wave pulses, 0.3 mA in amplitude and 1 ms in duration at 0.1 kHz) was given at a fixed point in time in each sinus cycle (that is, one burst per cycle). This protocol was repeated after a 50 ms incremental change in the phase at which vagal stimulation was given until the entire cycle length was scanned. Recovery time of at least 2 min separated any two consecutive adenosine administrations. In four animals the above protocol was performed twice using vagal stimulation amplitude of 0.3 mA and 0.6 mA in the first and second runs respectively. In this group (group 1), the effect of adenosine was altered by the vagus in a phase dependent manner. In each animal, however, there was at least one phase of the sinus cycle during which vagal stimulation significantly enhanced the effect of adenosine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167929 TI - Role of red blood cells in the coronary microcirculation during cold blood cardioplegia. AB - The role of red blood cells during cold blood cardioplegia was studied using an intravital microscope in 13 isolated canine hearts perfused with diluted blood containing potassium chloride. The coronary microcirculation on the left ventricular epicardial surface was observed while the perfusate temperature was varied between 37 degrees C and 10 degrees C. Considerable sludging of red blood cells occurred during hypothermia. The percentage of capillaries perfused by red blood cells (percentage change) significantly decreased as perfusate temperature was reduced (100, 56, and 31% at 37, 20, and 10 degrees C respectively). This was caused by occlusion of microvessels due to sludging and by functional closure due to hypothermia. There was incomplete recovery of perfusion of capillaries at the end of rewarming (60%). The diameters of venules were reduced to 76% of control value at 10 degrees C because of the decrease in the numbers of feeding capillaries, but this value returned to 91% at the end of rewarming. Coronary vascular resistance (mmHg.ml-1.min-1 (kPa.s.litre-1] significantly decreased from 2.0(0.2) at 37 degrees C to 1.2(0.12) at 10 degrees C, but it increased to 2.4(0.24) at the end of rewarming. The finding in this study that sludging occurred which was slow to clear is a definite disadvantage of perfusion with red blood cells during hypothermia. PMID- 3167930 TI - Hysteresis of the ventricular paced QT interval in response to abrupt changes in pacing rate. AB - The rate of QT adaptation to abrupt changes in pacing rate was studied in seven patients with newly diagnosed complete heart block with a ventricular escape rate of less than 40 beats.min-1. Their median age was 70 (range 36-84) years, and none was taking any cardioactive medication known to affect the QT interval. From a baseline pacing rate of 50 or 110 beats.min-1 the ventricular rate was increased or decreased to a new level. The time taken for the ventricular paced QT interval to complete 90% of the change secondary to the change in rate was found to be 136(16) s (mean(SEM] when the rate was increasing and 189(25) s when the rate was decreasing (p less than 0.01). This time interval was independent of the magnitude of the rate change and the baseline heart rate from which the change occurred. Furthermore, the time course of QT adaptation was found to be exponential and was characterised by a time constant of 49.1(2.2) s when the rate was increasing and 60.4(2.0) s when the rate was decreasing (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that QT measurements in response to a change in pacing rate should take into account the time dependent nature of QT changes. PMID- 3167931 TI - Structure, stress, and tissue repair in aortic valve leaflets. AB - During the normal cyclic operation of the aortic valve its leaflets are subjected to continual bending, shearing, and membrane stresses. In vivo studies of marked leaflets have shown that the bending stresses are greatest where leaflets are attached to the aortic wall. Pressure stresses during diastole also appear to be high in this region. The internal shearing stresses are difficult to predict because of the semifluid nature of the tissue in the attachment zone. In the present study a model of the attachment region incorporated measurements of leaflet motion from dogs in vivo and from histological sections. From these measurements bending and membrane stresses were derived in order to estimate the total stresses. In this region the total stresses in systole were negligible because membrane stresses are essentially zero, but those in diastole ranged from 76 to 95 g.mm-2 in the circumferential direction and from 37 to 44 g.mm-2 in the radial direction. The calculated stress suggests that excessive tissue wear and valve failure could occur in the absence of tissue replacement. From radioautographic studies of rat valves, proteins and complex sugars of the valve connective tissues were found to be regularly replaced in patterns predictable from the level of stresses. PMID- 3167932 TI - Relative effects of cigarette smoke and ethanol on acute platelet thrombus formation in stenosed canine coronary arteries. AB - In 10 open chest dogs with mechanically stenosed coronary arteries acute platelet thrombus formation with subsequent embolisation reduced coronary blood flow cyclically by -10.2(3.3) ml.min-2 (as measured with an electromagnetic flow probe). Ventilating the dogs with cigarette smoke increased the flow reduction to -13.5(4.6) ml.min-2. Ethanol 1.0 ml.kg-1 iv completely abolished acute thrombus formation and flow reductions in all 10 dogs. Repeat ventilation with cigarette smoke after ethanol failed to renew flow reductions in nine of the 10 dogs. It is suggested that ethanol effectively inhibits the exacerbating effects of cigarette smoke on acute platelet thrombus formation when both are being used simultaneously. PMID- 3167934 TI - Contractile function and reserve during acute ischaemia in the canine lateral border zone. AB - The hypothesis that there is a lateral border zone with function intermediate to adjacent ischaemic and non-ischaemic tissue was tested in 10 open chest anaesthetised dogs. Four pairs of segment length crystals were placed in parallel so as to span the ischaemic and non-ischaemic zones. Graded occlusion was produced with a screw clamp applied to a carotid to left anterior descending artery cannulation system. Contractile reserve was assessed using postextrasystolic potentiation. A balloon perfusion labelling system was used to label negatively the potentially ischaemic zone and quantify the admixture of ischaemic and non-ischaemic tissue in the lateral border zone, defined by the fraction of normal zone tissue. When the 40 crystal pairs from the 10 dogs were grouped according to fraction of normal zone tissue (FNZT), 13 were in the central ischaemic zone (FNZT less than 0.1), seven were in the border ischaemic zone (FNZT 0.1-0.5), five were in the border non-ischaemic zone (FNZT 0.5-1.0), and 15 were in the non-ischaemic zone (FNZT 1.0). When the lateral border zone is predominantly non-ischaemic tissue, the tissue behaves as though it is non ischaemic. Segmental shortening before and after postextrasystolic potentiation in the border non-ischaemic zone and non-ischaemic zone did not change with ischaemia. When tissue in the lateral border zone is predominantly ischaemic, it behaves as though it is ischaemic. Segmental shortening decreased in parallel with progressive ischaemia in the border ischaemic zone and ischaemic zone. At total occlusion, segmental shortening in the border ischaemic zone was -2.3(5.9%) and in the ischaemic zone -3.5(3.6)% (NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167933 TI - Persistence of subendocardial perfusion after subtotal coronary embolisation. AB - The effects of acute subtotal embolisation of small coronary arteries on regional coronary flow and vasodilator reserve were investigated in seven open chest dogs. Unlabelled plastic microspheres (26(2) micron in diameter) were injected as boluses of 200,000-400,000 microspheres into the circumflex artery. Embolisation was repeated until reactive hyperaemia was totally abolished, which occurred after the injection of 62,000(4000) microspheres per gram. Intracoronary adenosine was then infused for 20 min at 1.2 mg.min-1. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured by radioactive microspheres under control conditions, after coronary embolisation, and during adenosine infusion. Coronary blood flow (0.98(0.07) ml.min-1.g-1) was reduced to 0.66(0.08) ml.min-1.g-1 after embolisation (p less than 0.005) when reactive hyperaemia was practically abolished. Embolisation reduced epicardial flow from 0.93(0.08) to 0.40(0.09) ml.min-1.g-1 (p less than 0.001), whereas endocardial flow was unchanged (1.03(0.11) vs 0.92(0.14) ml.min-1.g-1; NS); as a consequence, the endocardial to epicardial flow ratio increased from the control value of 1.11(0.06) to 2.31(0.35) (p less than 0.005). Adenosine infusion increased coronary blood flow from 0.66(0.08) to 1.66(0.41) ml.min-1.g-1 (p less than 0.05). Endocardial blood flow increased more than epicardial blood flow, leading to a further increase in the endocardial to epicardial flow ratio (3.79(0.13); p less than 0.05). Thus it is concluded that (a) embolisation of small arteries abolishes the reactive hyperaemic response to transient coronary occlusion; (b) microembolisation predominantly reduces subepicardial perfusion; and (c) adenosine administration may increase total and regional flow after subtotal occlusion of coronary small arteries. PMID- 3167935 TI - Serotonin response increases with age in rat coronary resistance arteries. AB - The effect of aging on morphological and mechanical characteristics and the serotonin reactivity of ring preparations of coronary resistance arteries isolated from a specific part of the left coronary artery were studied in male Wistar rats at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 2 years of age. The media to lumen ratio of the coronary vessels was unaffected by aging, although the effective lumen diameter increased from 176 micron at 6 weeks to 212 micron at 2 years of age. The maximal active tension development, active pressure, and active media stress generation of the vessels were also unaffected by aging. At all ages the spontaneous calcium dependent intrinsic tone was similar, equal to 13% of maximal agonist induced tension development. Serotonin induced a concentration dependent contraction at all ages. Maximal vessel response to serotonin increased with age from 0.38 N.m-1 to 1.45 N.m-1 at 6 weeks and 2 years of age respectively. Serotonin sensitivity was higher in the older rats than in the younger rats. Tachyphylaxis to serotonin developed only in vessels from 6 week old rats. The results confirm that the morphology and mechanics of resistance arteries remain stable over a large age range but that the vascular reactivity to specific agents, such as serotonin, may change over that period. The results also indicate that the coronary blood flow may be seriously affected by serotonin induced vasoconstriction with increasing age in rats. PMID- 3167936 TI - Transcutaneous oxygen tension in patients with post-thrombotic leg ulcers: treatment with intermittent pneumatic compression. AB - Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) and the effect of intermittent pneumatic compression on tissue oxygenation were studied in 10 patients with post thrombotic leg ulcers. Oxygen tension was measured near the edge of the leg ulcer before and after 60 min of intermittent compression at 50 mmHg. The control group consisted of nine subjects with no evidence of peripheral vascular disease. The mean TcPO2 for the controls was 59.7 (SEM2.9) mmHg and for the study group 26.2 (SEM7.0) mmHg before treatment and 42.7 (SEM6.4) mmHg after treatment (p less than 0.005). Oxygen tension increased in nine patients in the study group. The change in TcPO2 correlated highly significantly (r = 0.912, p less than 0.002) with the reduction of oedema and the inverse change of skin temperature. The results suggest that intermittent pneumatic compression decreases interstitial fluid volume and venous stasis, both of which may lead to increased tissue oxygenation. PMID- 3167937 TI - Nicotine induced haemodynamic changes during cigarette smoking and nicotine gum chewing: a placebo controlled study in young healthy volunteers. AB - Because cigarette smoking is a definite risk for the development of cardiovascular disease and nicotine induced vasoconstriction may be a possible pathogenetic factor the haemodynamic effects of smoking cigarettes with high or low nicotine content were compared with those induced by chewing nicotine gum in a placebo controlled, crossover study in six healthy volunteers. The three stimuli induced similar increases in heart rate (about 20%) and systolic blood pressure (about 7%) and a decrease in digital blood flow. Although the mean haemodynamic changes parallelled the mean plasma nicotine concentration increases, no correlation was found between them when the individual values were considered. It is concluded that the nicotine induced haemodynamic changes probably occur as a result of the (local) release of vasoactive mediators such as adrenaline or noradrenaline after a threshold plasma nicotine concentration has been reached. Such a threshold may explain the large interindividual variability in susceptibility to smoking induced cardiovascular diseases. PMID- 3167938 TI - Effect of coronary sinus occlusion on coronary flow, resistance, and zero flow pressure during maximum vasodilatation in swine. AB - The effects of coronary sinus occlusion on the relation between coronary artery pressure and flow during maximum vasodilatation were studied in seven swine. The left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was instrumented with two catheters, a hydraulic occluder, and a flowprobe. Mean flow was measured at a series of pressures produced by partial LAD occlusion during maximum vasodilatation induced by an intracoronary infusion of adenosine. Observations were made under control conditions and during occlusion of the coronary sinus produced by inflating the balloon on the catheter positioned in the coronary sinus. Systemic haemodynamic variables did not change significantly after the coronary sinus was occluded. The mean right atrial pressure was 4 mmHg. At any given LAD perfusion pressure mean flow during coronary sinus occlusion was always less than during the control state: at LAD pressure 30 mmHg, control flow was 53 ml.min-1 vs occluded flow 24 ml.min-1; at LAD pressure 40 mmHg, control flow 79 ml.min-1 vs occluded flow 49 ml.min-1; and at LAD pressure 50 mmHg, control flow 105 ml.min-1 vs occluded flow 74 ml.min-1; p less than 0.001 for all comparisons. The mean (SD) LAD pressure at which flow stopped (Pzf) when the coronary sinus was unobstructed was 10(2) mmHg. The Pzf during occlusion of the coronary sinus was significantly higher at 20(4) mmHg (p less than 0.001). The slopes of the mean pressure-flow relations were not significantly different during the control state (2.62(0.65) ml.min-1 per mmHg) vs the occluded state (2.47(0.63) ml.min-1 per mmHg), indicating no change in vascular resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167939 TI - Inhibition of the effects of adenosine on force of contraction and the slow calcium inward current by pertussis toxin is associated with myocardial lesions. AB - The effects of adenosine and the adenosine receptor agonist (-)-N(6)-phenyl isopropyladenosine (PIA) in the presence of isoprenaline on isometric force of contraction and calcium dependent slow action potentials were studied in papillary muscles from guinea pigs pretreated with pertussis toxin and control guinea pigs. Hearts from guinea pigs treated in the same way with pertussis toxin or solvent alone underwent histological examination. For comparison, hearts from isoprenaline treated guinea pigs were also studied. Pertussis toxin specifically inactivates guanine nucleotide binding proteins (N proteins) involved in transmembrane signal transduction in many receptor systems (for example, adenosine receptors, m-cholinoceptors, and and alpha 2 adrenoceptors). In papillary muscles from control guinea pigs adenosine and PIA in the presence of isoprenaline produced a negative inotropic effect and inhibited the maximal rate of depolarisation of slow calcium dependent action potentials in potassium depolarised papillary muscles. After pretreatment with pertussis toxin the inhibitory effects both on force of contraction and on the maximal rate of depolarisation of adenosine and PIA were abolished. Treatment with pertussis toxin produced disseminated myocardial necrosis and a disseminated cellular calcium overload evidenced by glyoxal-2-bis-hydroxyanil (GBHA) staining. Similar lesions (for example, myocardial necrosis and cellular calcium overload) were also observed after treatment with isoprenaline. In controls neither myocardial necrosis nor cellular calcium overload was found. It is concluded that pertussis toxin sensitive N proteins are involved in the inhibitory effects of adenosine and PIA on force of contraction and on slow calcium inward current during beta adrenergic stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167940 TI - Surgery for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome interrupts efferent vagal innervation to the left ventricle and to the atrioventricular node in the canine heart. AB - The hypothesis that cardiac surgery to interrupt accessory pathways also interrupts autonomic nerves to the canine ventricle and to the atrioventricular node was tested in four groups of dogs. Group 1 (n = 6) underwent dissection of the atrioventricular fat tissue and cryolesion created by application of a cryoprobe at -60 degrees C for 2 min along the lateral left atrioventricular groove, the same surgical procedure as carried out in patients with Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome with accessory pathways located in the left ventricular free wall. Group 2 (n = 6) underwent dissection of the atrioventricular fat pad alone and group 3 (n = 6) dissection and cryolesion along the posterior left atrioventricular groove as performed in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with accessory pathways located in the posterior paraseptal area. Group 4 consisted of 11 non-operated control dogs. Four to 13 days after surgery the ventricular effective refractory period (ERP) was determined during bilateral ansae subclaviae stimulation (4 ms pulses, 2-3 Hz, and 2-3 mA), noradrenaline infusion (0.5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1), and bilateral vagal stimulation (4 ms pulses, 20 Hz, and current strength to induce asystole or complete atrioventricular block). Atrioventricular nodal conduction (AH interval) and spontaneous sinus cycle length were also determined in group 3 dogs. Ansae subclaviae stimulation and noradrenaline infusion shortened effective refractory period significantly at each left ventricular test site. The amount of effective refractory period shortening induced by ansae subclaviae stimulation did not differ among the test sites except for the posterior left ventricle in group 1 dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167941 TI - Selective depression of conduction of premature action potentials in canine Purkinje fibres by class Ib antiarrhythmic drugs: comparison with Ia and Ic drugs. AB - Microelectrodes were used to record action potentials and to estimate their conduction velocity in canine Purkinje fibres 8-15 mm long mounted in a tissue bath. The effects of varying stimulation rates and protocols were studied in the presence of nine different class I antiarrhythmic drugs at each of two concentrations (high and low therapeutic range). In all cases, as stimulation rate increased (range of cycle lengths 1000 ms to 200 ms), conduction velocity in the presence of a drug fell progressively below that in control solution at the same rate. No major differences in rate dependent behaviour at steady state were observed between the subclasses Ia, Ib, and Ic. Differences were apparent, however, in the rate at which conduction velocity fell after a sudden decrease in cycle length. This was studied using two protocols. In the first of these, the conduction velocity was recorded of each action potential of a 20 beat train induced after a long rest period. In the presence of class Ib drugs (lignocaine, tocainide, and mexiletine) there was a rapid decline within 2-3 beats to a new equilibrium level of conduction velocity. Class Ia drugs (quinidine, disopyramide, and procainamide) required 12-16 beats to achieve equilibrium, and class Ic agents (flecainide, encainide, and lorcainide) produced slow falls in conduction velocity that did not reach equilibrium within the 20 beat trains. The second protocol involved interpolation of increasingly premature extrastimuli. Class Ib drugs progressively slowed conduction of premature beats as the diastolic interval was reduced below 300-400 ms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167942 TI - Detection of left ventricular regional myocardial ischaemia in dogs by intraventricular conductance catheter. AB - Nine adult mongrel dogs were instrumented with ultrasonic microcrystals to measure left ventricular basal anteroposterior diameter and midwall myocardial segment length near the cardiac apex. Pneumatic cuff occluders were positioned around the left circumflex coronary artery near its origin and around the left anterior descending coronary artery two thirds of the way along its length. A pressure microtransducer was implanted into the left ventricle. Ten days after instrumentation the animals were anaesthetised with morphine chlorhydrate and pentobarbital sodium. An eight electrode catheter was advanced into the left ventricle to measure ventricular apical and basal regional and total electrical conductance. Minor ischaemia caused by occlusion of the left anterior descending artery was detected only by the electrode pair located near the apex, as decreased local ejection fraction. Major ischaemia caused by left circumflex artery occlusion was detected by both apical and basal electrode pairs and by total conductance, the three conductance signals indicating reduced ejection fractions compared with control values. The basal diameter signal indicated that basal regional motility changed only during major ischaemia, thus confirming the specificity of the changes in the basal conductance signals. The apical segment length signal confirmed the altered motility indicated by the apical conductance signal. These results suggest that regional wall motion abnormalities may be detected by the use of a multielectrode conductance catheter. PMID- 3167943 TI - Substrate regulation of the nucleotide pool during regional ischaemia and reperfusion in an isolated rat heart preparation: a phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis. AB - Isolated rat heart preparations were studied to characterise the alterations in high energy phosphates that occur during reversible regional ischaemia and to determine whether pyruvate, as the sole exogenous energy substrate, would attenuate the ischaemia induced depletion of the nucleotide pool when compared with glucose. Using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy baseline concentrations of adenosine triphosphate, phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate, and intracellular pH were compared with values during 30 min of left coronary artery occlusion followed by 30 min of reperfusion. These variables were related to changes in developed pressure, coronary flow, and oxygen consumption. In addition, the total nucleotide pool was evaluated by biochemical analysis of myocardial tissue extracts and coronary effluent. The ischaemic region was characterised by a dye staining technique and cross sectional echocardiographic measurements of regional myocardial wall thinning. In both glucose and pyruvate perfused groups, coronary flow and oxygen consumption decreased to 50-60% of control within 1 min of ischaemia and returned to baseline values with reflow. Developed pressure decreased to 50(9) and 74(8)% (mean(SEM] of control after 30 min of ischaemia in glucose and pyruvate perfused groups respectively. Reperfusion resulted in complete recovery of developed pressure in hearts perfused with pyruvate but not in the glucose group. Glucose perfused hearts had a greater decrease in intracellular pH during ischaemia (7.07(0.01) to 6.36(0.1] than pyruvate perfused hearts (7.06(0.02) to 6.83(0.04]. Reperfusion resulted in a rapid return to baseline intracellular pH in both groups. During ischaemia, adenosine triphosphate values decreased to a greater degree in glucose than in pyruvate perfused hearts (57(4) and 79(5)% of baseline respectively). Thirty minutes of reperfusion did not significantly improve adenosine triphosphate concentrations in either group. Phosphocreatine concentrations decreased to 52(7) and 75(6)% of baseline in glucose and pyruvate perfused groups respectively after the ischaemic period. Reperfusion resulted in normalisation of phosphocreatine values in the pyruvate but not in the glucose perfused group. Biochemical analysis of myocardial tissue extracts confirmed the spectroscopy data and showed that pyruvate inhibits the efflux of adenine nucleotide derivatives. Tissue concentrations of adenosine monophosphate were three times greater and adenosine 50% less after 30 min of ischaemia in the pyruvate perfused group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3167944 TI - Transmembrane action potentials and intracellular potassium activity of baboon cardiac tissues. AB - Preparations of baboon cardiac tissue were studied using standard microelectrode and double barrelled potassium ion selective microelectrode techniques. Transmembrane action potentials were recorded from Purkinje fibres and from atrial and ventricular muscle cells. Purkinje fibres were impaled frequently on the ventricular septum but were sparse on the endocardium of the free wall. Purkinje fibres had longer action potential durations than ventricular muscle cells, and endocardial muscle cells had longer action potential durations than epicardial muscle cells. Tissue bundles resembling the false tendons of the canine heart were found in the ventricles. Most of these false tendons consisted of ventricular muscle as indicated by transmembrane action potentials. On rare occasions, false tendon preparations were studied in which the cells had action potentials similar to those of canine Purkinje fibres. In these preparations, normal automaticity occurred from maximum diastolic potentials greater than or equal to -85 mV. Intracellular potassium activity in the baboon ventricular muscle cells was 96(3) mmol.litre-1 (mean(SEM), n = 32), which is lower than that reported for canine tissues but higher than that reported for feline or rabbit tissues. It is concluded that, although the cellular electrophysiology of primate and canine cardiac tissues is superficially similar, consistent and perhaps important differences do occur. PMID- 3167945 TI - Cardiovascular effects of leukotoxin (9, 10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate) and free fatty acids in dogs. AB - Leukotoxin (9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate) biosynthesised from linoleate by neutrophils is highly toxic to cellular function. Its cardiovascular effects were studied in dogs together with the effects of various fatty acids. Aortic flow, left ventricular peak dP.dt-1, and aortic pressure were measured in 60 anaesthetised dogs, which were divided into 10 groups of six animals each- namely, control group (10 ml of physiological saline), three leukotoxin groups (5, 10, and 50 mg.kg-1), two linoleic acid groups (10 and 50 mg.kg-1), two oleic acid groups (10 and 50 mg.kg-1), and two stearic acid groups (10 and 50 mg.kg-1). Leukotoxin injected intravenously depressed cardiac function in a dose dependent manner. Administration of leukotoxin 5 mg.kg-1 showed no significant cardiotoxic effect. However, 10 mg.kg-1 of leukotoxin significantly decreased aortic flow from 0.74(0.04) to 0.40(0.07) litre.min-1 (mean(SEM], left ventricular peak dP.dt 1 from 2040(205) to 1140(217) mmHg.s-1, and aortic pressure from 106(7.1)/67(6.3) to 75(9.2)/48(6.5) mmHg 5 min after injection. Dogs given leukotoxin 50 mg.kg-1 showed more pronounced cardiodepressive effects; aortic flow was decreased to 0.19(0.06), left ventricular dP.dt-1 to 560(134), and aortic pressure to 72(15.1)/41(10.6) 5 min after injection. All dogs in this group were dead within 45 min. Administration of 10 mg.kg-1 of linoleic acid, oleic acid, or stearic acid caused no significant haemodynamic changes. Administration of linoleic acid 50 mg.kg-1 had cardiotoxic effects, but the effect was less than that of leukotoxin. Since leukotoxin appears to be a potent cardiodepressive agent it may be an important factor in the development of heart failure observed in patients with severe burns. PMID- 3167947 TI - [The brain and the computer]. PMID- 3167946 TI - Acute effects of intravenous infusions of alcohol on baroreceptor sensitivity in essential hypertension. AB - To assess the acute effects of alcohol on baroreceptor reflex in moderate and heavy drinkers with essential hypertension and in healthy subjects who drank moderately, four groups of age and sex matched subjects were studied. Group 1 consisted of 10 healthy subjects (age range 21-50 (mean 37.4(10.5) years), who usually drank less than 200 g of alcohol per week; group 2 patients (age range 21 50 (mean 37.4(10.3) years) with mild or moderate essential hypertension and whose weekly alcohol consumption was less than 200 g; and groups 3 and 4 patients with mild or moderate hypertension (age range 21-50 (mean 37.2(10.2) years and 21-52 (mean 38.1(10.4) years respectively), who usually drank greater than 700 g of alcohol per week. In groups 1-3 an infusion of alcohol (7 mg.kg-1.min-1) in 500 ml of 5% glucose was administered for 1 h to keep blood concentrations constant (6-7 g.litre-1), whereas in group 4 the dose was doubled (blood concentration 10 11 g.litre-1). Baroreceptor sensitivity was measured by the phenylephrine method before and after alcohol infusion and one or two days later before and after infusion of 500 ml of 5% glucose. In healthy subjects and in moderate drinkers with hypertension the alcohol reduced baroreflex sensitivity significantly (from 17.5(9.5) to 13.8(8.4); p less than 0.01 and from 15(10) to 10.5(6.7) ms.mmHg-1, p less than 0.01 respectively), whereas in the heavy drinkers with hypertension it was significantly reduced only at the highest dose of alcohol (from 12.5(6) to 7.9(3.5) ms.mmHg-1; p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3167949 TI - [Determination of stroke volume and minute cardiac output using Doppler echocardiography]. PMID- 3167948 TI - [Echocardiography in the preoperative diagnosis of congenital heart defects in children]. PMID- 3167951 TI - [The importance of determining the inter-peak distance of the pulse wave in the diagnosis of early stages of diabetic macroangiopathies]. PMID- 3167950 TI - [Sonication of echocontrast media for transpulmonary administration]. PMID- 3167952 TI - [The effect of diabetic microangiopathies and neuropathies on the values of the inter-peak distance of the pulse wave in diabetics]. PMID- 3167953 TI - [In vitro activation analysis in the study of bone minerals]. PMID- 3167954 TI - [Possibilities and perspectives in the use of thermovision technics in neurosurgery]. PMID- 3167955 TI - [The effect of thyropathies on diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3167956 TI - [Characteristics of particles in aerosol administration]. PMID- 3167957 TI - [Thought processes in the blind]. PMID- 3167958 TI - [Morphologic and functional changes in oral tissues in old age]. PMID- 3167959 TI - [Serum levels and renal excretion of magnesium in patients with cardiovascular diseases during oral supplementation with magnesium]. PMID- 3167960 TI - [Fibrinolysis in hemodialyzed patients with chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 3167961 TI - [Physical principles of examination methods in cardiology]. PMID- 3167962 TI - [Gas chromatography of urinary adrenal steroids in patients with various forms of hypercorticalism]. PMID- 3167963 TI - [Hybridization in situ in cytogenetics]. PMID- 3167964 TI - [Blood circulation of the bones. Problems, possibilities and perspectives]. PMID- 3167965 TI - [The current picture of osteomalacia]. PMID- 3167966 TI - [The importance of a consistent social orientation in health care]. PMID- 3167967 TI - [Incidence of silent myocardial ischemia in patients with vasospastic and exertional angina pectoris]. PMID- 3167968 TI - [Determination of minute output using the pulsed Doppler technic]. PMID- 3167969 TI - [The importance of determining the probability of paternity for the evaluation of HLA antigen test results]. PMID- 3167970 TI - [Immunodeficiency states in adulthood based on antibody immunity. I. Diagnosis and clinical picture]. PMID- 3167971 TI - [Immunologic abnormalities in HIV seropositivity]. PMID- 3167972 TI - [Cytological examination of lymph node puncture biopsy collected after prior lymphography]. PMID- 3167973 TI - [Current knowledge on AIDS epidemiology]. PMID- 3167974 TI - The estrogen receptor binds tightly to its responsive element as a ligand-induced homodimer. AB - Extracts containing wild-type or mutant human estrogen receptor (ER) have been used to study the binding of ER to its responsive element (ERE). Estradiol (E2) or the antiestrogen hydroxytamoxifen is required for ER binding as assayed by gel retardation. The DNA binding domain (DBD) encompasses the highly conserved region C. Both intact ER-E2 complexes and ER mutants truncated for the hormone binding domain (HBD) bind as dimers to an ERE. However, an HBD-truncated ER binds less tightly to an ERE than an intact ER-E2 complex. The DBD and HBD contain a constitutive and a stronger ER-induced dimerization function, respectively. Thus, in addition to inducing the activation function associated with the HBD, estrogen plays a crucial role in the formation of stable ER dimers that bind tightly to ERE. PMID- 3167975 TI - xol-1: a gene that controls the male modes of both sex determination and X chromosome dosage compensation in C. elegans. AB - Loss-of-function mutations in the X-linked gene xol-1 cause the feminization and death of XO animals (normally males) by shifting the sex determination and dosage compensation pathways toward their hermaphrodite modes. XO-specific lethality most likely results from the reduction in X chromosome expression caused by xol-1 mutations. Mutations in genes required for the hermaphrodite mode of dosage compensation suppress lethality but not feminization, and restore X chromosome expression to nearly wild-type levels. Mutations in genes that control the hermaphrodite modes of both sex determination and dosage compensation fully suppress both defects. These interactions suggest that xol-1 is the earliest acting gene in the known hierarchy controlling the male/hermaphrodite decision and is perhaps the gene nearest the primary sex-determining signal. We propose that the wild-type xol-1 gene product promotes male development by ensuring that genes (or gene products) directing hermaphrodite sex determination and dosage compensation are inactive in XO animals. Interestingly, in addition to feminizing XO animals, xol-1 mutations further masculinize XX animals already partially masculinized. PMID- 3167976 TI - Developmental regulation of beta-globin gene switching. AB - A chicken erythroid cell-specific enhancer is located in the intergenic region between the adult beta- and embryonic epsilon-globin genes. In this paper we show that the beta-globin enhancer stimulates transcription of both genes. epsilon Globin is, however, inappropriately regulated since it is expressed in both embryonic and adult red blood cells. Appropriate stage-specific regulation is observed for both genes when they are present on one plasmid. By analysis of deletion and substitution mutants, we conclude that beta-globin tissue- and developmental stage-specific regulation is mediated by interaction of the beta globin enhancer with a positive regulatory element within the adult beta-globin promoter, the developmental stage selector element (SSE). PMID- 3167977 TI - The defect in murine severe combined immune deficiency: joining of signal sequences but not coding segments in V(D)J recombination. AB - Pre-B and pre-T cell lines from mutant mice with severe combined immune deficiency (scid mice) were transfected with plasmids that contained recombination signal sequences of antigen receptor gene elements (V, D, and J). Recovered plasmids were tested for possible recombination of signal sequences and/or the adjacent (coding) sequences. Signal ends were joined, but recombination was abnormal in that half of the recombinants had lost nucleotides from one or both signals. Coding ends were not joined at all in either deletional or inversional V(D)J recombination reactions. However, coding ends were able to participate in alternative reactions. The failure of coding joint formation in scid pre-B and pre-T cells appears sufficient to explain the absence of immunoglobulin or T cell receptor production in scid mice. PMID- 3167978 TI - A candidate gene family for the mouse t complex responder (Tcr) locus responsible for haploid effects on sperm function. AB - The mouse t complex responder (Tcr) locus plays a central haploid-specific role in the transmission ratio distortion phenotype expressed during germ cell differentiation in t-carrying males. The accumulated data map Tcr to a region of less than 500 kb. Over 400 kb of this region has been cloned and consists entirely of sequences associated with a clustered family of large cross hybridizing elements of 30 kb to 70 kb in size. We have characterized a gene family within this region that is expressed uniquely in male germ cells with a complex pattern of RNA processing. Antibodies produced against a product of the putative open reading frame recognize a testes-specific polypeptide. Genetic data support the hypothesis that this polypeptide(s) functions to effect the Tcr phenotype. PMID- 3167979 TI - The structure of the Holliday junction, and its resolution. AB - The Holliday (four-way) junction is a critical intermediate in homologous genetic recombination. We have studied the structure of a series of four-way junctions, constructed by hybridization of four 80 nucleotide synthetic oligonucleotides. These molecules migrate anomalously slowly in gel electrophoresis. Each arm of any junction could be selectively shortened by cleavage at a unique restriction site, and we have studied the relative gel mobilities of species in which two arms were cleaved. The pattern of fragments observed argues strongly for a structure with two-fold symmetry, based on an X shape, the long arms of which are made from pairwise colinear association of helical arms. The choice of partners is governed by the base sequence at the junction, allowing a potential isomerization between equivalent structural forms. Resolvase enzymes can distinguish between these structures, and the resolution products are determined by the structure adopted, i.e., by the sequence at the junction. In the absence of cations, the helical arms of the junction are fully extended in a square configuration, and unstacking results in junction thymines becoming reactive to osmium tetroxide. PMID- 3167980 TI - The science of fraud. PMID- 3167981 TI - An ancient provirus has imposed androgen regulation on the adjacent mouse sex limited protein gene. AB - The mouse sex-limited protein (Slp) gene is dependent on androgen for expression, unlike its homologous neighbor, which encodes the fourth component of complement (C4). We have found that the extensive identity of Slp and C4 is disrupted by an endogenous provirus inserted 2 kb upstream of Slp. The 5' LTR of this element corresponds to the previously characterized hormone-responsive enhancer associated with Slp regulation, leading to the conclusion that the provirus has conferred androgen response on the adjacent Slp gene. The provirus is extremely old, based on LTR sequence divergence, the accumulation of mutations in former retroviral-like coding regions, and its stability within the mouse genome. The association of this transposable element with Slp regulation thus provides a long sought example of an insertional mutation that has been maintained in evolution. PMID- 3167982 TI - Biased hypermutation and other genetic changes in defective measles viruses in human brain infections. AB - We assessed the alterations of viral gene expression occurring during persistent infections by cloning full-length transcripts of measles virus (MV) genes from brain autopsies of two subacute sclerosing panencephalitis patients and one measles inclusion body encephalitis (MIBE) patient. the sequence of these MV genes revealed that, most likely, almost 2% of the nucleotides were mutated during persistence, and 35% of these differences resulted in amino acid changes. One of these nucleotide substitutions and one deletion resulted in alteration of the reading frames of two fusion genes, as confirmed by in vitro translation of synthetic mRNAs. One cluster of mutations was exceptional; in the matrix gene of the MIBE case, 50% of the U residues were changed to C, which might result from a highly biased copying event exclusively affecting this gene. We propose that the cluster of mutations in the MIBE case, and other combinations of mutations in other cases, favored propagation of MV infections in brain cells by conferring a selective advantage to the mutated genomes. PMID- 3167983 TI - Cell-cell interaction in the Drosophila retina: the bride of sevenless gene is required in photoreceptor cell R8 for R7 cell development. AB - Genetic mosaic studies indicate that environmental cues play a critical role in photoreceptor cell (R-cell) development in the Drosophila compound eye. Recent analysis of the sevenless gene suggests that its product, a cell surface protein containing a putative intracellular domain homologous to tryosine kinases, is a receptor for a signal specifying an R7-specific pathway of cellular development. We report the identification of a second genetic locus, bride of sevenless (boss) required for the development of R7. Genetic mosaic analysis demonstrates that boss expression is required in the R8 cell for a neighboring cell to become R7. However, the development of R1-R6 and R8 is boss-independent. These data indicate a central role for R8 in directing ommatidial assembly and are consistent with boss encoding the ligand recognized by the sevenless receptor. PMID- 3167984 TI - Molecular interactions of steroid hormone receptor with its enhancer element: evidence for receptor dimer formation. AB - A steroid hormone responsive element (GRE/PRE), sufficient to confer glucocorticoid and progesterone inducibility when linked to a reporter gene, was used in band-shift assays to examine its molecular interactions with steroid hormone receptors. Both progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors bound directly and specifically to the GRE/PRE. The purine contact sites for both form A and form B chicken progesterone receptor, as well as those for rat glucocorticoid receptor, are identical. A peptide fragment produced in bacteria that primarily contain the DNA binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor binds first to the TGTTCT half-site of the GRE/PRE, and a second molecule binds subsequently to the TGTACA (half-site) of the GRE/PRE in a cooperative manner. Utilizing the peptide fragment and the protein A-linked fragment, we demonstrated that the receptor interacts with its cognate enhancer as a dimer. PMID- 3167985 TI - Extinction of growth hormone expression in somatic cell hybrids involves repression of the specific trans-activator GHF-1. AB - Growth hormone (GH) expression in pituitary-derived cells has been attributed to the presence of a positive trans-activator, GHF-1, which binds to two sites on the GH promoter. Somatic cell hybridization of non-GH-expressing L cells with pituitary-derived GH3 cells usually results in extinction of GH production. While previous studies showed that extinction occurs at the level of GH transcription, the exact mechanism remained elusive. We therefore characterized two parental cell lines and three hybrids, two of which extinguish GH expression and one in which GH is reexpressed after loss of mouse chromosomal material. Using in vivo transfections, in vitro transcription, DNAase I footprints, and immunoblotting experiments, no evidence for a direct repressor of GH transcription was found. Rather, extinction of GH expression in fibroblast x pituitary hybrids was accompanied by loss of GHF-1 protein and mRNA expression, suggesting that extinction occurs by repression of this trans-activator. PMID- 3167986 TI - Mode of action of monoclonal-nonspecific suppressor factor (MNSF) produced by murine hybridoma. AB - Monoclonal-nonspecific suppressor factor (MNSF), a product of murine T cell hybridoma, suppresses antibody response to lipopolysaccharide. In an attempt to clarify the functional mechanisms in vitro, we investigated the mode of action of MNSF. This factor inhibited the antibody response by B cells (depleting T cells and Mo), thereby indicating that the lymphokine acts directly on B cells, without interaction between B and T cells or Mo. MNSF activity was absorbed by mitogen stimulated T or B cells, but not by resting lymphocytes. Proliferative responses to T cell and B cell mitogens were inhibited dose dependently by the addition of MNSF. Kinetic studies showed that MNSF suppressed the antibody response, in all culture periods, thereby indicating that immunoglobulin secretion and proliferation were inhibited. The effect of growth factor on MNSF-mediated suppression was investigated to search for a possible suppression of MNSF action. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) remarkably inhibited MNSF activity, and the effect of IL-1 or IL-4 was less. IL-2 was most effective when added on the fourth day of culture. MNSF also inhibits division in the plasmacytoma line MOPC-31C or in thymoma EL4, but not in L929 fibroblasts. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibits cell division of various tumor cells and suppresses the pokeweed mitogen-induced antibody response, without cytotoxic action, as does MNSF. While MNSF and TNF have similar biochemical and physiochemical properties, the cross-reaction tests showed that both are antigenically discrete lymphokines. Although MNSF lacks TNF activity, the concomitant addition of both factors to L929 increases the cytotoxic action, a finding indicative of a synergistic effect. PMID- 3167987 TI - Tumor surveillance revisited: natural cytotoxic (NC) activity deters tumorigenesis. PMID- 3167988 TI - [Serologic diagnosis of campylobacteriosis. Determination of antibodies to the outer membrane protein of Campylobacter jejuni by the ELISA method]. PMID- 3167989 TI - [Diagnosis of aerobic gram-negative bacteria by the detection of volatile metabolites using gas chromatography]. PMID- 3167991 TI - [Perspectives for our profession in 1988]. PMID- 3167990 TI - [Aspergillus terreus as a cause of inflammation of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 3167993 TI - [Determination of the antibacterial properties of amniotic fluid]. PMID- 3167992 TI - [The glucose tolerance test and physical development in 8-to-12-year-old children after prenatal treatment with glucose infusions]. PMID- 3167994 TI - [Changes in the levels of alpha-lactalbumin during pregnancy and lactation]. PMID- 3167995 TI - [Hormonal contraception and its effect on thyroid hormones and lipid metabolism]. PMID- 3167996 TI - [Anesthesia for mini-abortions]. PMID- 3167997 TI - [The importance of prostaglandins for the termination of pregnancy in the 2d trimester]. PMID- 3167999 TI - [Paracrine and autocrine regulation of reproduction--growth factors and cellular "oncogenes"]. PMID- 3167998 TI - [The significance of glycosylated hemoglobin in the anemia syndrome in pregnancy]. PMID- 3168000 TI - [The SUPOS questionnaire--a useful tool for monitoring the psychological status of pregnant women]. PMID- 3168001 TI - [Estrogen levels in amniotic fluid in the 3d trimester of pregnancy]. PMID- 3168002 TI - [Kinetic determination of placental alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme]. PMID- 3168003 TI - [Serum cortisol levels in normal cycles in women, in the premenstrual syndrome and in dysmenorrhea]. PMID- 3168004 TI - [Personal experience with the Barnett-Mack anterior plasty operation in the treatment of urinary incontinence]. PMID- 3168005 TI - [Contraceptive behavior of 16-to-18-year-old girls born 1967-1970]. PMID- 3168006 TI - [Urologic complications after gynecologic and obstetrical operations]. PMID- 3168007 TI - [Diagnosis of urinary incontinence]. PMID- 3168008 TI - [Norethisterone in the treatment of hot flushes]. PMID- 3168009 TI - [Fetal hypotrophy--a result of HLA incompatibility in the parents?]. PMID- 3168010 TI - [Bacterial vaginosis and the microbial picture of the vagina]. PMID- 3168011 TI - [Smoking and reproduction]. PMID- 3168012 TI - [Observations from the obstetrical department]. PMID- 3168013 TI - [FIGO guidelines for fetal monitoring]. PMID- 3168014 TI - [Possibilities of increasing the reliability of pre-biopsy methods within the functional framework of the Oncology Prevention Center]. PMID- 3168015 TI - [How can we improve the health care of women with malignant tumors in Slovakia?]. PMID- 3168016 TI - [C-reactive protein in women with normal cycles, in cycles with the premenstrual syndrome and in dysmenorrhea]. PMID- 3168017 TI - [Serologic incompatibility and family planning]. PMID- 3168018 TI - [Advantages of an economic method of dilatation of the uterine cervix using Dilapan rods for abortions and mini-abortions]. PMID- 3168019 TI - [News about cytodiagnosis in the field of gynecologic oncology]. PMID- 3168020 TI - [Use of the Leukomat in the evaluation of the vaginal cytogram]. PMID- 3168022 TI - [Fundamentals of care of urinary tract injury during gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 3168021 TI - [Brain tumor as a cause of sudden death in the puerperium]. PMID- 3168023 TI - [Pelipathy]. PMID- 3168024 TI - [Comments on the present state of artificial insemination]. PMID- 3168025 TI - [What more should be done to decrease perinatal mortality?]. PMID- 3168026 TI - [Systematic approach in the detection of precancerous conditions and carcinoma of the uterine cervix in a polyclinic hospital in Jindrichuv Hradec]. PMID- 3168027 TI - [Automatic and semi-automatic perimetry in glaucoma]. PMID- 3168028 TI - [Personal experience with computerized tomography in the diagnosis of orbital changes]. PMID- 3168029 TI - [Giant papillary conjunctivitis due to the Spofa Lens contact lenses]. PMID- 3168030 TI - [Personal experience with the peroral administration of fluoresceins]. PMID- 3168031 TI - [Trachoma in Czechoslovakia at the present time]. PMID- 3168032 TI - [Cryotherapy of glaucoma]. PMID- 3168033 TI - [Personal experience with the Orbis Project flying hospital]. PMID- 3168034 TI - [Less common tumors of the pharynx]. PMID- 3168035 TI - [Less common purulent complications in the field of otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 3168036 TI - [Lyme disease in otoneurology practice]. PMID- 3168037 TI - [Superacryl in plastic surgery in depressions of the forehead and its biological tolerance]. PMID- 3168038 TI - [Differential diagnosis in rhabdomyosarcoma and inflammation of the middle ear in children]. PMID- 3168039 TI - [Multiple rhinogenic intracranial abscesses]. PMID- 3168040 TI - [Compensation in peripheral vestibular disorders]. PMID- 3168041 TI - [Relation between the auditory threshold and threshold of the middle ear reflex induced by contralateral stimulation in occupational hearing loss]. PMID- 3168042 TI - [Atopy--a problem for the general population]. PMID- 3168043 TI - [Chronic myeloid leukemia in childhood]. PMID- 3168044 TI - [Real and putative contraindications to vaccination]. PMID- 3168045 TI - [Lung function tests in children and adolescents who stutter]. PMID- 3168046 TI - [The physician and the computer. 19. Logical deduction]. PMID- 3168047 TI - [Injuries in children in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 3168048 TI - [Rett's syndrome from the pediatrician's viewpoint]. PMID- 3168049 TI - [Deoxymykoin tablets (doxycycline chlorate 100 mg in 1 tablet)]. PMID- 3168050 TI - [Scientific medical information--search and retrieval]. PMID- 3168051 TI - [Present views on therapy with growth hormone]. PMID- 3168052 TI - [Evaluation of the nutritional status of infants in hospital practice (anthropometric methods)]. PMID- 3168054 TI - [The physician and the computer. 20. Evaluation of uncertain information]. PMID- 3168053 TI - [Long-term study of neonates at risk and neonates in a control group. Results of a social survey of families of children at 6 years of age]. PMID- 3168055 TI - [Comprehensive child care and school health services in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 3168056 TI - [The effect of passive smoking on mucociliary transport in children]. PMID- 3168057 TI - [Recurrent herpetic gingivostomatitis and enteritis resulting in a perforated intestine in a boy with primary cellular immunodeficiency]. PMID- 3168058 TI - [A pioneer camp for children after surgery of congenital heart defects]. PMID- 3168060 TI - [Cognitive style and selection of prognostic methods]. PMID- 3168059 TI - [Medical cybernetics]. PMID- 3168061 TI - [Do meetings fulfill the function of a methodical administrative tool in the field of scientific information?]. PMID- 3168062 TI - [Rehabilitation and work disability evaluation]. PMID- 3168063 TI - [Selection of a methodical approach for predicting the development of Czechoslovak health care]. PMID- 3168064 TI - The development of maternal-fetal attachment during pregnancy. PMID- 3168065 TI - The value of companion animals during bereavement for a spouse. PMID- 3168066 TI - Nursing's prescription for an assistive worker. PMID- 3168067 TI - Implementation of orders by registered nurses. Cabinet on Nursing Practice, American Nurses Association, March 1988. PMID- 3168068 TI - Effect of cefotetan in clindamycin-induced enterocolitis in hamsters. AB - In hamsters the administration of clindamycin provokes a fatal diarrhea and death in 1-2 days. This study was performed in order to assess the possible protective effect of three cephalosporins in clindamycin-induced enterocolitis in these laboratory animals. The efficacy of cefotetan was compared with that of cefoxitin and latamoxef: the hamsters were treated twice daily for 5 days with clindamycin (10 mg/kg) by oral route, and cefotetan, cefoxitin and latamoxef (100 mg/kg) were given subcutaneously. All animals developed "wet-tail syndrome", but cefotetan and latamoxef were able to protect a large percentage of hamsters from death and to prolong the survival time. PMID- 3168070 TI - Tissue diffusion of doxycycline in rats: a comparison between intravenous bolus injection or drip-infusion. AB - The aim of the present paper is to investigate the influence of the infusion rate on doxycycline concentrations in rat body fluids (serum and experimental pleural exudate) and tissues (muscle). The same dose of antibiotic (30 mg/kg) was given both as a bolus and by drip-infusion over 30 min. The drug concentrations in serum samples and tissue specimens were measured by a microbiological method. The highest serum levels and the optimal penetration into muscle and pathological fluids were obtained following drip-infusion. PMID- 3168069 TI - In vitro interaction between cefotetan and aminoglycosides on Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci, both methicillin-susceptible and resistant. AB - The authors have evaluated the behavior of the interaction between cefotetan, a new cephalosporin with long acting resistance to the action of beta-lactamases, and gentamicin, amikacin and netilmicin against methicillin-susceptible and resistant staphylococci. In 65.8% of the cases, drug combinations showed synergic effects. Results were subdivided for susceptibility or resistance to the drugs used in combination. In general, when both drugs were tested against methicillin susceptible strains the results showed synergism. PMID- 3168071 TI - The use of ceftriaxone in ambulatory patients. AB - Twenty ambulatory patients, living in kibbutzim (communal villages, which have a permanent medical staff) were treated with ceftriaxone 1 g daily I.M. for ten days. These patients suffered from moderate to severe infections which were not life-threatening. Twelve had urinary tract infections (UTI), 3 of which were positive blood cultures. Four patients had soft tissue infections (one with a Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus bacteremia). Three patients had respiratory infections, and one elderly patient had Salmonella typhimurium gastroenteritis. All the patients in this series were clinically cured. Three patients with a UTI experienced reinfection. The woman with S. typhimurium gastroenteritis had persistent positive fecal cultures, but was asymptomatic. These 4 patients did not require further antibiotic therapy. The only side effect observed was mild diarrhea in one patient. Two other ambulatory patients with typhoid fever were treated with ceftriaxone 2 g daily I.V. for 10 days with excellent results. Our work showed that ceftriaxone 1 g daily can be a safe and inexpensive antimicrobial choice to shorten or prevent hospitalization. PMID- 3168072 TI - In vitro short-term sensitivity test for the prediction of response to chemotherapy in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. AB - In order to evaluate the predictive potential of a short-term antimetabolic assay for acute non-lymphocytic leukemia cells, the activity of daunomycin and cytosine arabinoside in suppressing [3H]-uridine uptake was tested in peripheral blood samples from 31 patients. Independently of the in vitro results, the patients were treated with standard combinations including the two drugs or with cytosine arabinoside alone. The clinical response to chemotherapy, and the in vitro [3H] uridine uptake inhibition were compared retrospectively. A significant decrease of [3H]-uridine uptake after in vitro exposure to both drugs occurred in 12 patients who achieved complete remission after combination therapy, and was particularly evident for 5 patients who needed only one course of therapy. A similar result was obtained in patients treated with cytosine arabinoside alone. This method may represent a useful tool in clinical practice, by indicating a fraction of leukemic patients particularly sensitive to therapy. PMID- 3168073 TI - Adriamycin, aclacinomycin and thepirubicin intracardiac distribution examined by fluorescence microscopy. AB - Male Wistar rats received adriamycin, aclacinomycin or thepirubicin at a dose of 4 mg/kg b.w. by slow infusion. Cardiac tissue sections were examined by fluorescence microscopy to evaluate the distribution of the three anthracyclines. The nuclei regularly exhibited a stronger coloring with respect to the cytoplasm for all three drugs. Adriamycin cytoplasm fluoresced intensely, unlike aclacinomycin and thepirubicin. Our results indicate a lower uptake of these last two molecules into cardiac tissue, thus suggesting a different pharmacokinetic profile which might account for their lower cardiotoxicity. PMID- 3168074 TI - Combination of hyperthermia and methotrexate in the treatment of transplanted Walker sarcoma. AB - The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the possible synergistic effect of hyperthermia (HPT) and methotrexate (MTX) in Wistar rats transplanted with Walker sarcoma. HPT was induced by microwaves of 432 MHZ frequency transmitted through a source of 2 x 5.5 cm2 surface. The temperature in the tumor was maintained at 43 degrees C which was controlled by an intratumor thermocouple connected with an electronic thermometer. Three experiments were performed. First, in 5 rats HPT only was applied and one rat was used as control. Second, HPT and MTX in combination were given to 6 rats. Third, MTX alone was given to 6 rats. In the first experiment all 5 rats had 50% reduction of their tumors compared to control. In the second experiment complete disappearance of the tumor was noticed and in the third experiment the tumor increased in size. Histologically, in the responding tumors extensive necrosis was seen with thrombosed vessels. We conclude that HPT and MTX are synergistic in treating Walker sarcoma in Wistar rats. PMID- 3168075 TI - Epirubicin in rectal cancer. AB - Taking into account previous results with epirubicin in colorectal cancer, in January, 1985, an oriented Phase II trial was started in patients with measurable rectal cancer, previously untreated with chemotherapy. Ten patients were treated with 80 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, and another 10 patients with 100 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. One patient from the 80 mg/m2 group and 3 from the 100 mg/m2 group reached partial remission for 4, 9+, 15 and 72+ weeks. Median survival for all patients was 16 months. Hematological toxicity was not a limiting factor. Anemia was significantly more frequent in the higher dose group; clinical cardiotoxicity was not observed. The incidences of nausea/vomiting and mucositis were low. Considering the low toxicity and the responses observed, additional studies seem to be indicated with an increase in the epirubicin dose. PMID- 3168076 TI - Serial serum calcitonin concentrations to evaluate response to therapy of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma. AB - Six female patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma were treated with doxorubicin (50 mg/m2) and cis-diammine dichloroplatinum (70 mg/m2) every three weeks. No patient responded to therapy as was suggested by serial serum calcitonin concentrations before and after treatment. PMID- 3168077 TI - Interferon in chronic active hepatitis B. Preliminary results. AB - Twenty patients with documented chronic active hepatitis B were randomized in equal numbers to either an alpha-2b interferon treatment group or a control group with no treatment. Patients in the first group received 5 IU interferon three times weekly by subcutaneous injection for 16 weeks. All 20 patients were HBeAg positive at the beginning. All 10 patients in the interferon-treated group lost their initial e antigen while only 2 patients in the control group turned HBeAg negative. Six patients in the treated group acquired HBe antibodies in comparison with two patients only in the untreated group. Other markers of suppression of viral replication as well as a 24-month follow-up are ongoing at the moment for final assessment of the value of interferon therapy in chronic active hepatitis B. PMID- 3168078 TI - Tracing tissues with 4-ipomeanol-metabolizing capacity in rats. AB - Rats were given 3H-labelled 4-ipomeanol intravenously and whole-body autoradiography with freeze-dried sections, or with sections extracted with trichloroacetic acid, water and organic solvents, was performed to examine the disposition of unbound and bound radioactivity in various tissues. Microautoradiography with glutaraldehyde-fixed, resin-embedded material was used to investigate the cellular distribution of bound metabolites. Based on the data obtained from these experiments in vitro incubations with tissue-slices were carried out to examine the capacity by various tissues to form tissue-bound 3H from the 3H-labelled 4-ipomeanol and autoradiography of isolated organs after incubation with 3H-labelled 4-ipomeanol was performed to study the localization of radioactivity under in vitro conditions. The results showed a high formation of tissue-bound 3H in the lung in vitro and a localization of bound metabolites in several structures of the lung in vivo. In vitro formation of tissue-bound 3H was also found in the nasal olfactory and respiratory mucosa, the hard palate, the trachea, the liver and the kidney and this was also correlated with a localization of bound 3H in these tissues in vivo. Incubations of the lung, the nasal olfactory mucosa, the hard palate and the liver in CO- or N2-atmospheres or in the presence of the cytochrome P-450-inhibitor metyrapone showed decreased formation of tissue-bound 3H from the 3H-labelled 4-ipomeanol, indicating a role of cytochrome P-450 in the metabolism of 4-ipomeanol in the various tissues. The correlation between the in vitro capacity of various tissues to metabolize the 4 ipomeanol and the in vivo accumulation of tissue-bound metabolites in the same tissues indicate that a local bioactivation of the 4-ipomeanol takes place in these tissues in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3168079 TI - Reaction of trans-4-N-acetoxy-N-acetylaminostilbene with guanosine and deoxyguanosine in vitro: the primary reaction product at N2 of guanine yields different final adducts. AB - The model ultimate carcinogen, trans-4-N-acetoxy-N-acetylaminostilbene (N-acetoxy AAS), was reacted with guanosine (Guo) and deoxyguanosine (d-Guo) and the resulting adducts were purified by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and HPLC for structure identification. A number of new adducts was identified by mass and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The generation of all known adducts can now be explained by a common mechanism. The electrophile formed from the hydroxamic acid ester at C beta reacts in a first step predominantly with N2 of guanine (Gua). The resulting quinone-imide intermediate reacts in a second step with either one of three nucleophiles: (1) predominantly with N3 of Gua to yield the previously described angular cyclic adducts ((5R,6R)/(5S,6S)-9-oxo-5,6,7,9-tetrahydro-imidazo(2,1 b)purines); (2) with N1 of Gua to yield linear cyclic adducts ((6R,7R)/(6S,7S)-9 oxo-5,6,7,9-tetrahydro-imidazo(1,2-a)purines); (3) with water to yield the open ring (1R,2R)/(1S,2S)-2-(N2'-guanyl)-1-hydroxyethanes. To some minor extent (1:8 1:9) the electrophile reacts first with N1 or N3 of guanine which leads to the formation of two pairs of the corresponding regioisomeric cyclic adducts. This reaction mechanism may also explain the formation of cross-links between different bases. PMID- 3168080 TI - Thioacylating agents as ultimate intermediates in the beta-lyase catalysed metabolism of S-(pentachloro-butadienyl)-L-cysteine. AB - The transformation of the hexachloro-1,3-butadiene metabolite S-(1,2,3,4,4 pentachlorobuta-1,3-dienyl)-L-cysteine (PCBC) by bacterial cysteine conjugate beta-lyase (beta-lyase) and by N-dodecylpyridoxal bromide (PLP-Br) was investigated using GC/MS to identify products formed. PCBC was transformed by both bacterial beta-lyase and PLP-Br to the major products 2,3,4,4 tetrachlorobutenoic acid and 2,3,4,4-tetrachlorothiobutenoic acid, and to the minor metabolites trichloroacetic acid and S-(1,2,3,4,4-pentachlorobuta-1,3 dienyl)-mercaptoacetic acid. In the presence of diethylamine as model nucleophile, PLP-Br transformed PCBC to yield 2,3,4,4-tetrachlorothiobutenoic acid diethylamide; attempts to trap 1,2,3,4,4-pentachlorobutadienyl thiol, the initial metabolite formed by beta-elimination from PCBC, were unsuccessful. The results obtained suggest that the formation of a thioacylating intermediate (a thioketene or a thiono acyl chloride) may be the decisive reaction during the beta-lyase dependent activation of PCBC. PMID- 3168081 TI - Recovery of malondialdehyde in urine as a 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative after exposure to chloroform or hydroquinone. AB - Malondialdehyde (MDA) excretion in urine as an index for toxicological effects of chloroform and hydroquinone was evaluated. In a first series of experiments three groups of rats were used: non-pretreated rats (group I), starved rats (group II) and starved plus phenobarbital pretreated rats (group III). Chloroform (0.15 or 0.30 ml/kg, p.o.) was given as a single dose. The MDA excretion was related to the pretreatment, and in group III to liver damage. In a second series of experiments control rats were administered hydroquinone (100 or 200 mg/kg, p.o.), which induced a dose-related MDA excretion. These data indicate that the MDA assay was a selective and accurate marker for toxicological effects induced by the tested compounds. PMID- 3168082 TI - Metabolic activation of alpha-naphthoflavone by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin induced rat liver microsomes. AB - Previous studies in our laboratory had demonstrated that addition of alpha naphthoflavone (ANF) to lymphocytes from smokers or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)s-exposed individuals caused an increase in sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency whereas lymphocytes from controls were relatively unaffected. In order to investigate the mechanism responsible, metabolism of ANF by uninduced and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD)-induced microsomes was studied as a function of microsomal protein concentration and incubation time. Nonpolar metabolites were analyzed and the amount of conjugated (polar) and protein-bound metabolites determined. The initial ANF-metabolism rate was 10-fold higher in TCDD-induced microsomes (4.9 +/- 0.6 nmol/min per mg TCDD-induced microsomal protein vs. 0.5 +/- 0.2 nmol/min per mg uninduced microsomal protein) than in uninduced microsomes. Moreover, uninduced microsomes no longer metabolize ANF after 30-40 min while TCDD-induced microsomes metabolize ANF for longer than 2 h or until all the ANF is gone. In addition to the metabolites formed by uninduced microsomes [7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxy-ANF (7,8-dihydrodiol); 5,6-dihydro-5,6 dihydroxy-ANF (5,6-dihydrodiol); 5,6-oxide-ANF and 6-hydroxy-ANF], TCDD-induced microsomes from unidentified metabolites. When TCDD-induced microsomes and 40 microM ANF were added to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, we found a correlation between the concentration of 5,6-oxide-ANF and clastogenicity to CHO cells. However, purified 5,6-oxide-ANF did not induce SCEs in CHO cells in the absence or presence of TCDD-induced microsomes. However, a minor metabolite (identified as the 9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxy-ANF by acid dehydration) formed with TCDD-induced microsomes produces clastogenicity in CHO cells. These data indicate that a minor metabolite of ANF is a potent clastogen which suggests that this metabolite may be responsible for the ANF-mediated increases in SCE frequency in lymphocytes from smokers or PCB-exposed individuals. PMID- 3168083 TI - Cytochrome P-455 nm complex formation in the metabolism of phenylalkylamines. IX. A comparative study with enantiomeric 2-nitroso-1-phenylpropane in microsomes and a reconstituted cytochrome P-450 system from rat liver. AB - Formation of cytochrome P-455 nm complexes was investigated with enantiomeric 2 nitroso-1-phenylpropane--the C-nitroso analogue of amphetamine--and optically active N-hydroxyamphetamine, in the presence of NADPH. For comparative reasons, three different drug-metabolizing enzyme systems were used, namely microsomes from control and phenobarbital-treated rats, and a reconstituted system containing the main phenobarbital-induced form of cytochrome P-450 from rat liver. In microsomes obtained from phenobarbital-treated rats, pronounced differences in the kinetics of complex formation were observed between the enantiomeric C-nitroso compounds, but not between the isomers of N hydroxyamphetamine. In the reconstituted enzyme system the S-nitroso compound formed the P-455 nm chromophore at the highest initial rate, while the R analogue was devoid of complexing activity. The rates of complex formation from the N hydroxylamine enantiomers were high and equal. PMID- 3168084 TI - Cocaine-induced biochemical changes and cytotoxicity in hepatocytes isolated from both mice and rats. AB - The mechanism of cocaine-induced cytotoxicity was investigated in hepatocytes isolated from both male C3H mice and male Sprague-Dawley rats. Cocaine was more cytotoxic to mouse hepatocytes than rat and induced reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion prior to marked increases in cytotoxicity in both systems. In both mouse and rat cells, GSH depletion was accompanied by GSSG production, but in rat cells, quantitative measures suggested that other mechanisms contributed to GSH depletion. No cocaine-induced depletion of protein-thiol groups or generation of protein-glutathione mixed disulfides could be detected in rat cells. Cocaine induced lipid peroxidation, using malondialdehyde (MDA) production as an index of the peroxidation process, in both mouse and rat hepatocytes. Inhibition of MDA production to below control levels using the antioxidant N,N'-diphenyl-phenylene diamine (DPPD) however, had no inhibitory effect on cocaine-induced cytotoxicity in either mouse or rat cells. These data suggest that neither generalized protein thiol depletion nor lipid peroxidation are critical determinants of cocaine induced cytotoxicity in cellular systems. PMID- 3168085 TI - Inhibitors of sterol synthesis. Chemical syntheses, properties and effects of 4,4 dimethyl-15-oxygenated sterols on sterol synthesis and on 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in cultured mammalian cells. AB - The chemical syntheses of a number of 4,4-dimethyl substituted 15-oxygenated sterols have been pursued to permit evaluation of their activity in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of cholesterol and other biological effects. Described herein are the first chemical syntheses of 4,4-dimethyl-14 alpha-ethyl 5 alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol-15-one, 3 beta,15 alpha-diacetoxy-4,4-dimethyl-14 alpha-ethyl-5 alpha-cholest-7-ene, 3 beta-acetoxy-4,4-dimethyl-14 alpha-ethyl-5 alpha-cholest-7-en-15 beta-ol, 4,4-dimethyl-14 alpha-ethyl-5 alpha-cholest-7-ene 3 beta,15 alpha-diol, 4,4-dimethyl-14 alpha-ethyl-5 alpha-cholest-7-ene-3 beta,15 beta-diol, 4,4-dimethyl-14 alpha-ethyl-5 alpha-cholest-7-en-15 alpha-ol-3-one, 3 beta-benzoyloxy-4,4-dimethyl-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene-7 alpha,15 alpha-diol, 7 alpha,15 alpha-diacetoxy-3 beta-benzoyloxy-4,4-dimethyl-5 alpha-cholest-8(14) ene, 4,4-dimethyl-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one and 3 beta,7 alpha,15 alpha-tri-o-bromobenzoyloxy-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene. Also prepared for use in the biological experiments were 4,4-dimethyl-5 alpha-cholest-7-ene-3 beta,15 alpha-diol, 4,4-dimethyl-5 alpha-cholest-8-ene-3 beta,15 alpha-diol and 4,4 dimethyl-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene-3 beta,7 alpha,15 alpha-triol. The effects of twelve 4,4-dimethyl substituted 15-oxygenated sterols and of four 4,4-dimethyl substituted 32-oxygenated sterols on sterol synthesis and on the level of 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity were evaluated in mouse L cells. With the exception of 4,4-dimethyl-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene-3 beta,7 alpha,15 alpha-triol, all of the 4,4-dimethyl substituted 15-oxygenated sterols caused a 50% inhibition of sterol synthesis at less than 10(-6) M and six of the 4,4-dimethyl substituted 15-oxygenated sterols caused a 50% inhibition of sterol synthesis at less than 10(-7) M. 4,4-Dimethyl-14 alpha-ethyl-5 alpha-cholest-7 ene-3 beta,15 alpha-diol caused a 50% decrease in sterol synthesis at 10(-8) M. The potencies of the 4,4-dimethyl substituted 15-oxygenated and C-32-oxygenated sterols with respect to inhibition of sterol synthesis and suppression of 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity have been compared with those of the corresponding sterols lacking the 4,4-dimethyl substitution. PMID- 3168086 TI - [Phytobezoar of the gastric stump]. AB - The Authors present a case who occurred to their observation concerning a patient undergoing subtotal gastrectomy for cancer four years ago which have developed a phytobezoar in the gastric stump, treated with enzymatic dissolution with acetylcysteine associated with metoclopramide . According to the Literature, the Authors point out the etiology, pathogenesis and therapy of this non rate consequence of the gastric surgery. PMID- 3168087 TI - [Synchronous and metachronous carcinoma of the large intestine]. AB - The Authors report their experience about 20 cases of multiple large bowel adenocarcinomas, 9 of them synchronous and 11 metachronous. After developing a brief reexamination of epidemiology and etiopathogenesis, they explain their diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. The necessity of a real complete and exact radiological and endoscopical preoperative study, being also early, is at last emphasized, as well as an accurate postoperative follow-up. PMID- 3168088 TI - [Neural complications of injuries of the pelvis]. AB - 5 cases of serious neurological complications of pelvic trauma are reported. All consisted of lesions of the lumbo-sacral plexus. The course is similar to that seen in severe forms of untreated brachial plexus lesions since recovery is always very slow and very incomplete. No curative methods of management were used in the series described. Only secondary palliative surgery was carried out. PMID- 3168089 TI - [Pelvic and genital injuries in children. Sexual injuries of young girls. Management in a medico-legal context]. AB - In the emergency care of a young girl presumed to be a victim of sexual assault and the treatment of the lesions discovered in the perineum and vulvo-vaginal tract, the paediatric surgeon must take into consideration the medico-legal aspects of the file right from the first approach to this young victim. It would actually be damaging to her if a paediatric surgeon reconstituted the perineal tissues, vulva and vagina "ad integrum" without carefully describing the lesions observed and without, whenever possible, taking good quality photographs to be kept in the case file to support the evidence of sexual assault, if a criminal procedure is filed. Similarly, as a complement to this assessment of the initial lesions, the surgeon must be able to establish an anatomical and functional assessment of the vulvo-vaginal tract after healing, to enable the experts appointed by the court to determine the basis for compensation of bodily damages related to the sexual assault and the expenses entailed by further plastic operations required by the sequelae of the genital lesions. The bases for a pretium doloris, future aesthetic, sexual and obstetric damages should also be indicated in any certificate given to the patient's family or to the court experts. Thus, if the surgeon participates indirectly in demonstrating evidence of the crime subject to penal sanction, he can help the victim in her parallel civil court action for compensation of her bodily damages before the repressive jurisdiction. PMID- 3168090 TI - [The obstetrical future of the post-fractured pelvis of the child. Medico-legal evaluation of obstetrical damages]. AB - When the paediatric orthopaedic surgeon is required to treat a fracture of the pelvis in a young girl, by an orthopaedic method or by appropriate open reduction and fixation, he should evaluate the future obstetric sequelae in order to be able to answer the specific questions raised by the injured child's family and also by legal experts appointed by the court. The authors have classified the various fractures of the pelvis in children by analysing the elements of functional prognosis of these lesions based on the types of fractures and on the particular factors of vitiation reported in the literature, consisting of series which are too short to be truly demonstrative. It is obviously impossible to precisely determine the obstetric prognosis, as only trial of labour following induction will confirm the intact patency of the pelvic osteo-articular passage. However, the collaboration of the paediatric orthopaedic surgeon immediately after the accident will allow a prudent evaluation of the obstetric prognosis, allowing the court expert to allocate funds and to define the bases for compensation of bodily damages in the light of this prognosis. PMID- 3168091 TI - [Pelvic and genital injuries in infants. Paris, December 1987. Proceedings]. PMID- 3168092 TI - [Anatomic characteristics of the pelvis in children]. AB - Growth characterizes the pelvic modifications until adult maturity is reached. Recollection of pelvic ossification is done insisting upon the primary ossification points, the triradiate cotyloid cartilage and the secondary ossification points. The socket's neonatal particular morphology with it's cartilaginous roof and it's fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum finds it's application in ultrasonography. Bone modifications which occur permanently during growth result in increase of pelvic volume and in modifications of the physical mechanical resistance characteristics so that there are differences between children and adult fractures. Ligamental hyperlaxity and numerous cartilaginous structures are also accountable for these differences. About visceral concern, the main characteristic apart from genital modifications is the apparent migration of the bladder from the neonatal abdominal position down to the adult backward pubic position. Bladder capacity variations have been studied. The male urethra anatomy is recalled from which the different surgical procedures are deduced. The main vasculo nervous axes orientations are described allowing the comprehension of CT scan images. In fact the horizontal plan given by the modern imagery is sometimes difficult to study. An apprentice ship schedule is given following the bone, vasculo-nervous and visceral identification. PMID- 3168093 TI - [Fractures of the pelvis in children excluding isolated fractures of the acetabulum and sacrum. Apropos of 267 cases. Anatomic study, contribution of modern radiologic studies, therapeutic management]. AB - This work studies the combined experience of several orthopedic services of 267 pelvic fractures (excluding isolated iliac and sacral fractures) in childhood. The mechanism of these fractures was studied, the majority were the result of road traffic accidents. Among the complications lesions of the urinary tract were most common. Hypotensive states secondary to retroperitoneal bleeding were common but their exact incidence was difficult to estimate accurately. In association with these pelvic lesions it is necessary to emphasize the high incidence of associated cranial, abdominal and skeletal injuries. Computed tomography represents a considerable advance in the assessment of these fractures, demonstrating fractures not visible on standard radiographs and permitting a more precise analysis of displacement. The same type of fractures were in infants as has been reported in adults. However in addition in childhood fractures involving the cartilaginous growth plate are also seen. These include true separation of the growth plate at the triradiate cartilage, the iliac crest and the pubic symphysis. Surgical treatment is only considered for fractures interrupting the pelvic ring and particularly in the context of anterior and posterior column fractures. However, these displaced fractures may leave, contrary to popular opinion sequelae such as leg length discrepancies, ankylosis of the sacro iliac joint, malunited fractures and pain. Therefore it is necessary to adopt a more rigorous attitude in the management of pelvic fractures in the child to avoid these sequelae and to aid in the treatment of associated injuries. PMID- 3168094 TI - [Apophyseal avulsion of the pelvis in children]. AB - Avulsions of the anterior inferior and anterior superior iliac spine and the ischial tuberosity are seen most commonly as the result of trauma in the adolescent age group. The lesions are usually by simple rest, but surgical reduction when there is a major displacement or a large bony fragment avulsed, may be required. PMID- 3168095 TI - [Fracture of the acetabulum]. AB - Severe trauma of the acetabulum is uncommon in children. However, it must be remembered that these apparently benign lesions can be responsible for serious complications. In a group of 31 children under the age of 16 years presenting with such lesions, 12 already had an adult type skeleton. Amongst the remaining children, 15 presented with fractures or fracture-dislocations of the acetabulum and 4 presented with marginal avulsions of the acetabular ridge. Two epiphysiodeses of the Y cartilage were observed, one in a 2 year old child, revealed by acetabular dysplasia at the age of 8 years, and the other in a 10 year old child which did not have any serious consequences. Three of the 4 cases of marginal avulsion were complicated by intra-articular incarceration, 2 of which were initially missed. Secondary surgical treatment achieved good functional recovery, but left radiological sequelae in the form of coxa magna. PMID- 3168096 TI - [Ambulatory anesthesia in pediatrics. 2-year experience of performance at a day hospital]. AB - Ambulatory pediatric anaesthesia is done within a well-organized medical and surgical structure. The anaesthesia consultation confirms the surgical indications, taking into account certain medical pathologies. 27% of elective surgery is done in day-hospital. The anaesthetic techniques described have been done in children from three weeks to sixteen years of age. Intubation was not an exclusion criterion. The major causes for transfer to the general hospital (2.9%) are given. Anaesthetic complications represent 0.1% of such transfers. Scrupulous respect of the selection criteria, competence of anaesthesiologists and of pediatric surgeons are prerequisites for good results. PMID- 3168097 TI - [Biological effects of golytely in children]. AB - Golytely solution is now commonly used in preoperative bowel preparation or in colonoscopy and barium enema in adults. Studies have demonstrated its effectiveness and good acceptance in regards to clinical as well as biological point of view. In children, it has been used more recently, but since 1984 several teams agree to find the method excellent. Our study aimed to confirm there was no electrolytic movement caused by golytely and that using it without reserve in children was possible, even in the very young ones. Children are generally very sensible to those movements and mainly as they have a general anaesthesia in the hours following the golytely administration for investigation or surgery. Up to now, 54 children from 4 months to 18 years aged have been studied. Besides the good quality of the preparation noted by the operator and the good clinical tolerance, no significant change of the sodium, potassium, chloride, creatinine and proteins has been noticed. Only urea has decreased very lightly but not out of norms. These results confirm that golytely is safe and effective in preparing the bowel in children. PMID- 3168098 TI - [Subtotal traumatic amputation of the limb in young children. Analysis of 2 successful repairs]. AB - Two replantations of nearly completely amputated limbs are presented. In both cases there were young children. These two success explain the necessity of limb preservation if the nerve integrity is respected. In the young child, the vital risk is lower because of the vessels, the local immunologic defense. The bone union is normal. The vascular suture with venous grafts is made with simple interrupted sutures rather than with continuous over and over sutures. The fasciotomy avoid a compartment syndrome. The bone graft growth is unforeseeable. These two case reports are nearly experimental because of the young age of the patients. PMID- 3168099 TI - [Isolated tracheoesophageal fistulas. Apropos of 3 cases revealed in the newborn]. AB - We report here on 3 cases of isolated tracheoesophageal fistula. This corresponds to approx. 2.7% of esophageal congenital abnormalities treated in our service. In all 3 cases, diagnosis could be evoked in the neonate in front of respiratory symptoms appearing with feeding. Esophageal contrast radiological studies confirmed in all cases the fistula and its level C7-T1. No other invasive investigation was necessary to the diagnosis. We did not observe associated malformations. Surgical approach was made by a right cervical incision to obtain in good conditions divisions of the fistula and suture of the esophageal and tracheal ends; in one case, a muscular flap was interposed. Followup and longterm results (up to 17 years) were excellent, with one case of regressive recurrent laryngeal nerve paresthesia. PMID- 3168100 TI - [Extracorporeal lithotripsy in a young child. Use of the EDAP LT 01 apparatus in a 20-month-old girl]. AB - The possibility for treating adults with renal stone by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is proved to be an effective method. However, up to now, a few cases in the world were reported in childhood, never before the patient was 3 years old; although 65% of urinary stones in children can be observed before 3 years. We report the first successful application of the EDAP lithotriptor in the management of a twenty months little girl with upper urinary stone. We conclude that this treatment must be developed in future. PMID- 3168101 TI - [A rare cause of neonatal occlusion by a palpable abdominal mass: Meckel's diverticulum]. AB - The authors report an unusual case of newborn obstruction by Meckel's diverticulum. Symptoms were repeated vomiting and a rounded mass was palpated in right lower quadrant. This mass looked like a fecalith on X Rays which also showed dilated gas filled loops of intestine. A barium enema showed no trouble of rotation, a good filling of last loops of small bowel, then a large kind of pocket, filled from the bowel. Operation discovered a huge (6 x 5 cm) Meckel's diverticulum compressing small intestine and pushing the cecum towards the upper quadrant. Treatment was ileal resection followed by end to end anastomosis. A very few newborn obstructions by Meckel's diverticulum were published; mechanisms are intussusception, volvulus, herniation. No similar case as reported was found in literature. PMID- 3168102 TI - [Right inguino-pelvic cystic lymphangioma]. AB - We report an unusual case of a pelvic cystic lymphangioma. The first symptom was an inguinal mass which evoked a lymph node. Diagnosis was suspected thanks to CT. Surgery confirmed the diagnosis. It is an unusual aspect of a malformation which is itself not frequent. PMID- 3168103 TI - [Study of distraction osteogenesis in an animal body submitted to anticancer chemotherapy]. AB - The authors studied distraction osteogenesis in an animal subjected to prolonged anti-mitotic chemotherapy (Methotrexate and Doxorubicin). This chemotherapy decreased osteogenesis (essentially at the expense of external regeneration) though without inhibiting it totally. Distraction bone consolidation is thus possible in the animal, permitting reconstruction of limb segments by mobilization of an axial fragment in accordance with the Ilizarov technique. PMID- 3168104 TI - [Position at work and ophthalmic lenses]. PMID- 3168105 TI - [Center of Sensory Education for Visually Handicapped and Blind Children in Rennes: a center open for guidance in autonomy and integration]. PMID- 3168106 TI - [Terson's syndrome and a case of post-traumatic syndrome in an infant]. PMID- 3168107 TI - [Ophthalmomyiasis: apropos of a case with involvement of the superior oblique muscle]. PMID- 3168108 TI - [Ophthalmological symptoms of AIDS]. PMID- 3168109 TI - [Implantation in the capsular sac: the use of lenses devoid of positioning holes- apropos of 60 cases]. PMID- 3168110 TI - [Preventive treatment of retinal detachment using the argon laser: first time for a potential surgical intervention]. PMID- 3168111 TI - [Radial keratotomy: practical problems apropos of 40 case reports]. PMID- 3168112 TI - [Tuberculoma of the optic chiasm region. Apropos of 2 case reports]. PMID- 3168113 TI - [Germinoma of the optic pathway (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 3168114 TI - [On the establishment of a "masking" effect in angiography--could one think of the diagnosis of pseudo-vitelliform degeneration?--So-called "liquid disorder"? (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 3168115 TI - [Has the scanner resolved the problem of pseudotumor of the orbit?]. PMID- 3168117 TI - [Epidemiology of blindness in the Bouche-du-Rhone area. Methodological approach]. PMID- 3168116 TI - [Approach to tumors of the orbit]. PMID- 3168118 TI - [Resection of subretinal cord using YAG laser through silicone oil--apropos of a case]. PMID- 3168119 TI - [Endolaser surgery--advantages and disadvantages of various technics]. PMID- 3168120 TI - [Radial keratotomy. Can the predictability of results be improved?]. PMID- 3168122 TI - [Surgical treatment of juvenile retinoschisis extended to and/or complicated by retinal detachment]. PMID- 3168121 TI - [Onchocerciasis in travelers and migrants--latent ocular lesions]. PMID- 3168123 TI - [Comparative study of long-term tonometry results of 2 surgical technics combining extraction of the crystalline lens and trabeculectomy]. PMID- 3168124 TI - [Jaffe's syndrome--anatomical modifications and visual recuperation following surgical treatment]. PMID- 3168125 TI - [The use of Zeiss' operative keratometry]. PMID- 3168126 TI - [Keratitis due to free amebas in a child wearing rigid gas-permeable lenses]. PMID- 3168127 TI - [Malignant orbital degeneration of a nevus of Ota]. PMID- 3168128 TI - [The eye and posture]. PMID- 3168129 TI - Obstetrical epidural anaesthesia in remote hospitals. PMID- 3168130 TI - Heart rate response to atropine in humans anaesthetized with five different techniques. AB - Atropine, 0.01 mg.kg-1, was given intravenously before the start of surgery to 169 patients who were anaesthetized with one of five different techniques; halothane, enflurane, cervical epidural, lumbar epidural or narcotic anaesthesia in addition to nitrous oxide and oxygen. Atropine produced a significant increase in heart rate (HR) within 1 min in all patients studied; the HR increases in patients anaesthetized with halothane (37 +/- 11 beats.min-1, n = 37) or narcotic (34 +/- 12 beats.min-1, n = 30) were significantly greater than in those anaesthetized with enflurane (25 +/- 10 beats.min-1, n = 35; P less than 0.01) or epidural anaesthesia. Because of the presence of an acute cardiac sympathectomy, the patients who received cervical epidural anaesthesia were expected to have different responses to the atropine. However, there was no significant difference in the HR increases between the patient groups with cervical (19 +/- 12 beats.min 1, n = 32) and lumbar (22 +/- 8 beats.min-1, n = 35) epidural anaesthesia. Atropine also produced a small but significant increase in arterial pressure in all five groups of patients. These results suggest that the cardiac responses to atropine may differ depending on the individual anaesthetic agent used, and are likely dependent upon the agent's effect on autonomic nervous system activity. PMID- 3168131 TI - The oculorespiratory reflex revisited. AB - Continuous measurement of the intratracheal pressure and capnography are very simple and accessible methods for the detection and recording of the oculorespiratory reflex (ORR). Eight healthy children (five to 14 years old) undergoing strabismus surgery under halothane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia with spontaneous ventilation were studied. The ORR was evoked by traction on the extrinsic muscles of the eye (four medial recti and four lateral recti). Slowing of the respiratory rate and/or shallow respiratory movements were observed in each patient. One patient developed apnoea of 20 seconds duration which forced the use of manually controlled ventilation. Intravenous atropine (0.01 mg.kg-1) reduced the incidence of positive OCR (to 37.5 per cent) but did not diminish the incidence of the ORR (100 per cent). Since the ORR may lead to hypercapnia and hypoxaemia, controlled ventilation is recommended for patients undergoing strabismus surgery at least immediately before and during the muscular traction. It is now clear that the ORR may be evoked by traction on the extrinsic muscles of the eye, may produce hypercapnia and hypoxaemia and so, may aggravate the consequences of the OCR. PMID- 3168132 TI - Effect of high-dose of methylprednisolone on tourniquet ischaemia. AB - High doses of corticosteroids have been found to have beneficial effects in various shock states. It has been well recognized that ischaemia is one of the important features in shock states. This prompted us to investigate the effect of high-dose methylprednisolone on tourniquet-induced ischaemia using mongrel dogs. After inflation of tourniquets to 600 mmHg on each thigh of the hind legs, one leg received an intravenous infusion of methyl-prednisolone, 3 mg.kg-1 dissolved in 20 ml of autologous blood. The other leg received the same amount of blood only, as a control. During two hours of tourniquet time and until 30 min after tourniquet deflation, venous blood was sampled five times from both hind legs for measurements of blood gas tensions (PvO2, PvCO2) and pH, lactic acid, creatinine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). During tourniquet ischaemia, PvO2 and pH dropped and PvCO2, lactic acid, CK, AST and LDH rose steadily and significantly in both groups of legs, indicating respiratory and metabolic acidosis, and muscle cell damage. However, those changes were significantly smaller in the methylprednisolone-treated legs. The beneficial effect of methylprednisolone could be attributed to its vasodilatory effect, cellular membrane stabilization and direct metabolic effect on skeletal muscle cells. Although the tourniquet-induced ischaemia in our study is slightly different from the clinical paradigm, the results suggest that high-dose methylprednisolone may provide a beneficial effect during tourniquet ischaemia. PMID- 3168133 TI - The effects of a prophylactic bolus of lidocaine in focal cerebral ischaemia. AB - In order to determine the cerebral protective effects of an intravenous bolus of 5 mg.kg-1 of lidocaine, the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) was transorbitally occluded in 19 cats. Ten animals received the lidocaine bolus and nine a similar volume of saline immediately before MCA occlusion. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) were recorded before and after the lidocaine bolus as well as continually after MCA occlusion. After six hours of vessel occlusion and without reperfusion, the animals were sacrificed and the brains fixed for histology. Prior to MCA occlusion, lidocaine caused a statistically significant (p less than 0.01) reduction in the amplitude of the major cortical component of the SEP (10 +/- 1.2 microV vs 6.0 +/- 1.3 microV). Latency was unchanged. In the lidocaine group, SEP's persisted in 40 per cent immediately following occlusion whereas they disappeared in all of the control animals (p less than 0.05). Gradual recovery occurred in both groups and there were no differences at the end of the experiment although the amplitudes tended to be greater in the lidocaine group. There were no statistically significant differences in the histological size or severity of the infarcts between the groups. Although infarct size was not reduced, transient sparing of the SEP suggests that further studies of lidocaine by continuous infusion in models of temporary focal cerebral ischaemia may be warranted. PMID- 3168134 TI - Hypoxaemia produced by an oesophageal stethoscope: a case report. AB - A seven-month-old child with complex cyanotic heart disease desaturated dramatically following induction of anaesthesia. While a degree of hypoxaemia would have been acceptable in this infant, pulse oximetry detected an abrupt desaturation prompting the anaesthetist to consider other less common causes of cyanosis. This episode of desaturation subsided with the removal of a 12 french oesophageal stethoscope which had been inserted following induction. Further attempts to re-insert this oesophageal probe led to repeated episodes of desaturation. The most likely cause of this desaturation was a reduction in pulmonary blood flow due to compression by the oesophageal probe of an aorto pulmonary collateral posterior to the oesophagus. PMID- 3168135 TI - Obstetrical epidural anaesthesia in a Canadian outpost hospital. AB - The number of parturients receiving epidural anaesthesia in university medical centres is increasing. This trend is not paralleled in rural hospitals. Obstetrical epidural anaesthesia as provided in a 40-bed, remote hospital is reviewed for the ten-year period from January 1974 to December 1983. Charts were reviewed retrospectively for 116 patients undergoing epidural blockade. The indications, complication rates, as well as infant outcomes were noted. Seven per cent of all parturients received epidural anaesthetics. Ninety per cent of this group received systemic sedation or narcotics prior to epidural catheter insertion. Nineteen patients (16.3 per cent) experienced a major complication, including four dural punctures (3.4 per cent), ten episodes of significant hypotension (8.6 per cent), blood vessel puncture during catheter insertion in four patients (3.4 per cent), and transient paresthesia in one patient (0.8 per cent). Considerations for the provision of epidural anaesthesia in a remote hospital are discussed. PMID- 3168136 TI - Air embolism during posterior spinal fusion. AB - A 12-year-old healthy girl underwent a 13-level posterior spinal fusion with Harrington rod, Luque instrumentation and Drummond spinous process wires for scoliosis repair. Her anaesthetic induction and initial intraoperative course were completely uneventful until a precipitous blood pressure drop occurred accompanied by a significant decrease in heart rate. The Harrington rod was being manipulated at the same time as bone chips were being removed from the iliac crest. Although more common intraoperative events were presumed and treatment initiated, venous air embolism (VAE) was considered the aetiology of these events when a transient decrease in the end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and an increase in the end-tidal nitrogen (ETN2) was noted by mass spectrometry. This transient episode resolved within a relatively narrow window of time, and the case proceeded without further incident, including a wake-up test, to the conclusion of surgery. PMID- 3168137 TI - A complication of external jugular vein catheterization in children. PMID- 3168138 TI - Combined spinal-epidural needle (CSEN) PMID- 3168139 TI - Double-knot formation of a Swan-Ganz catheter in the thoracic great venous vessels. PMID- 3168140 TI - Hazards associated with passage of nasogastric tubes into the trachea. PMID- 3168141 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the mixed-function hypoxic cell sensitizer prototype RSU 1069 in mice. AB - RSU 1069 is a leading compound in the class of mixed-function hypoxic cell sensitizers. Possessing an alkylating aziridine function as well as a nitro group, it represents an important prototype molecule for new sensitizer development. Using a novel HPLC assay for RSU 1069 and its metabolites with a cyanopropyl column, we studied the detailed pharmacokinetics and metabolism of this drug in mice. An i.v. dose of 100 mg kg-1 produced peak plasma concentrations of about 100 micrograms ml-1. Absorption was rapid after i.p. injection but peak plasma concentrations were some three- to fourfold lower, giving an i.p. bioavailability of 55%. The elimination t1/2 was route-dependent; e.g. after 50 mg kg-1 the t1/2 was 37.2 and 22.4 min for the i.v. and i.p. routes respectively (P less than 0.001). There was also an indication of dose-dependent kinetics, with a 37% increase in elimination t1/2 when the i.p. dose was doubled from 50 to 100 mg kg-1. Oral bioavailability was low. The volume of distribution was 0.65-1.31 ml g-1 at 50 mg kg-1, but tissue penetration was limited. Brain/plasma ratios ranged from 9.3% to 66.8%, while the mean steady-state tumour/plasma ratio was 28.4%, a value considerably less than the 80%-100% ratios occurring with the neutral 2-nitroimidazole misonidazole. About 18% and 8% of a dose were excreted as the parent drug and the ring-opened hydrolysis product (RSU 1137) in the 8 h urine, indicating the likelihood of extensive metabolism via aziridine-ring removal and nitroreduction. RSU 1137 was also detected in mouse plasma and tissues and, in contrast to the aziridine ring-intact parent compound, gave tumour/plasma ratios of 100%. These studies should provide a pharmacokinetic basis for the evaluation and development of improved mixed-function sensitizers. PMID- 3168142 TI - Effect of phenytoin on the pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin and doxorubicinol in the rabbit. AB - Doxorubicin is metabolized extensively to doxorubicinol by the ubiquitous aldoketoreductase enzymes. The extent of conversion to this alcohol metabolite is important since doxorubicinol may be the major contributor to cardiotoxicity. Aldoketoreductases are inhibited in vitro by phenytoin. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of phenytoin on doxorubicin pharmacokinetics. Doxorubicin single-dose pharmacokinetic studies were performed in 10 New Zealand White rabbits after pretreatment with phenytoin or phenytoin vehicle (control) infusions in crossover fashion with 4-6 weeks between studies. Infusions were commenced 16 h before and during the course of the doxorubicin pharmacokinetic studies. Phenytoin infusion was guided by plasma phenytoin estimation to maintain total plasma concentrations between 20 and 30 micrograms/ml. Following doxorubicin 5 mg/kg by i.v. bolus, blood samples were obtained at intervals over 32 h. Plasma doxorubicin and doxorubicinol concentrations were measured by HPLC. The mean plasma phenytoin concentrations ranged from 17.4 to 33.9 micrograms/ml. Phenytoin infusion did not alter doxorubicin pharmacokinetics. The elimination half-life and volume of distribution were almost identical to control. Clearance of doxorubicin during phenytoin administration (60.9 +/- 5.8 ml/min per kg, mean +/- SE) was similar to that during vehicle infusion (67.5 +/- 5.4 ml/min per kg). Phenytoin administration was associated with a significant decrease in doxorubicinol elimination half-life from 41.0 +/- 4.8 to 25.6 +/- 2.8 h. The area under the plasma concentration/time curve (AUC) for doxorubicinol decreased significantly from 666.8 +/- 100.4 to 491.5 +/- 65.7 n.h.ml-1. These data suggest that phenytoin at clinically relevant concentrations does not alter the conversion of doxorubicin to doxorubicinol in the rabbit. The reduction in the AUC for doxorubicinol caused by phenytoin appears to be due to an increased rate of doxorubicinol elimination. Phenytoin or similar agents may have the effect of modifying doxorubicinol plasma concentrations by induction of doxorubicinol metabolism rather than by inhibition of aldoketoreductase enzymes. PMID- 3168143 TI - Efficacy of sodium thiosulfate as a local antidote to mechlorethamine skin toxicity in the mouse. AB - The highly vesicant nature of the alkylating anticancer agent mechlorethamine (HN2, or nitrogen mustard) requires careful i.v. technique during its administration. Skin toxicity due to HN2 extravasation is severe and typically prolonged over several months. Mouse skin toxicity studies were carried out to find a local antidote to decrease the severity of tissue damage by this agent. Intradermal (i.d.) HN2 (0.005-0.5 mg) caused dose-dependent skin ulcers in the mouse. Isotonic sodium thiosulfate Na2S2O3 (0.167 M) or hypertonic (0.34 M) Na2S2O3 (0.05 ml) given immediately after HN2 significantly reduced the mean HN2 ulceration area and the total time of ulceration. Ineffective local HN2 antidotes included hyaluronidase, hydrocortisone, and sodium chloride, all given i.d. Topical applications of DMSO, cold, and heat were also ineffective. Sodium thiosulfate is believed to chemically neutralize reactive mechlorethamine alkylating species and thus decrease skin toxicity. Thiosulfate dosing studies showed that a molar excess of at least 200:1 (Na2S2O3:HN2) was required for significant antidotal activity. If thiosulfate treatment was delayed 4-24 h after HN2, no antidotal effects were obtained. We conclude that sodium thiosulfate can decrease the severity of local tissue damage caused by HN2. It should be considered the antidote of choice in the setting of clinical HN2 extravasations. PMID- 3168144 TI - Autoradiographic distribution of [14C]-labelled pimonidazole in rhabdomyosarcoma bearing rats and pigmented mice. AB - The hypoxic cell radiosensitizer [2-14C] pimonidazole (2-nitro-alpha (piperidinomethyl)-l-imidazole ethanol) was injected i.p. into pigmented mice and rats bearing transplanted rhabdomyosarcoma. The injected dose level was 200 mg/kg, and the delivered activity was 96 microCi/kg. Whole-body autoradiography was carried out on all animals. We noted an extensive whole-body distribution of radioactivity. At short intervals, the autoradiograms were characterized by an accumulation of radioactivity in the metabolic and excretory organs (liver, kidney, urinary tract, and intestinal content) as well as in lymphomyeloid tissues (thyroid gland, suprarenal gland, and hypophysis) and salivary glands. In pigmented mice, the uveal and biliary tracts were the highest labelled. The liver and particularly the renal medulla were identified as sites of retention of radioactivity. In the tumor the radioactivity was detected only in peripheral regions, with higher uptake in viable zones than in necrotic islets. PMID- 3168146 TI - PharmCalc: program for the calculation of clinical pharmacokinetic parameters of methotrexate. AB - A new program package (PharmCalc) has been developed for the calculation of basic pharmacokinetic parameters (half-time, systemic clearance, renal clearance, AUC, volume of distribution, CSF/serum distribution ratio) of methotrexate (MTX). The program helps in the early recognition of patients at risk for toxicity and calculates the dosage of folinic acid rescue adjusted to the serum levels of MTX. The program offers a standardized and automated evaluation procedure for MTX pharmacokinetics and provides an easy-to-use tool for further research in this field. The concept and routines of the program are described. PMID- 3168145 TI - Ifosfamide plasma clearance in relation to polymorphic debrisoquine oxidation. AB - Ifosfamide (IF) pharmacokinetics and the plasma (NBP)-alkylating activity were determined in 33 patients with different tumours after the administration of IF as single-agent chemotherapy. All subjects had been phenotyped for debrisoquine oxidation. There is a lack of correlation between the debrisoquine metabolic ratio (DMR) and either the total plasma clearance of IF (CLIF) or the AUC of the plasma NBP-alkylating activity. PMID- 3168147 TI - A new combination of two intercalating agents (mitoxantrone + daunomycin) in adult refractory acute leukemia: the DON protocol. AB - A combination of two intercalating agents, mitoxantrone and daunorubicin with vincristine (the DON regimen) was studied in 16 patients with refractory acute leukemia, including three patients with myeloblastic transformation of refractory anemia with excess of myeloblasts after the failure of first-line chemotherapy and one additional patient with AML relapsing while off therapy. All patients had been heavily pretreated prior to receiving the DON regimen, and all but two had previously received high-dose anthracyclines. Of the 17 patients, nine (53%) who achieved complete remissions (CR) had myeloblastic leukemia. The three patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia did not achieve CR. Cardiac toxicity occurred in two patients and contributed to death in one. These results in very poor risk leukemia suggest a possible synergism in the action of the two intercalating agents and absence of increased cardiotoxicity. PMID- 3168148 TI - Renal clearance and protein binding of melphalan in patients with cancer. AB - The renal clearance of melphalan and the fraction unbound in plasma were determined after intravenous infusion of 5 mg/m2 over 5 min in nine patients with cancer to obtain information regarding the mechanism of renal handling of melphalan. Four of the patients underwent bone marrow transplantation and also received an IV dose of 220 mg/m2. Total melphalan clearance after the 5 mg/m2 dose ranged from 66.0 to 272 ml/min per m2; the percentage of the dose excreted unchanged in urine, from 2.5% to 92.8%; renal clearance, from 4.1 to 188 ml/min per m2; the fraction unbound in plasma, from 0.0598 to 0.460; and t1/2 beta, from 39.4 to 84.3 min. Unbound melphalan clearance and renal clearance calculated from the unbound fraction in plasma for each patient ranged from 441 to 3356 ml/min per m2 and 15 to 961 ml/min per m2 respectively and were not related to serum albumin, serum creatinine or creatinine clearance. The percentage of the dose excreted and melphalan renal clearance were not related to urine flow. There was evidence of active secretion of melphalan in the kidney an possible reabsorption. There were no significant paired differences in melphalan disposition between the high- and low-dose studies. Highly variable renal clearance involving active secretion may contribute in part to large interpatient differences in the total plasma clearance of melphalan in patients with cancer. PMID- 3168149 TI - Disposition of ifosfamide in patients receiving ifosfamide infusion therapy for the treatment of cervical carcinoma. AB - The disposition of ifosfamide was investigated in nine patients receiving a total of 23 72-h infusions. There was no linear relationship between steady-state plasma concentrations and either vomiting or CNS toxicity. The steady-state plasma concentrations were reproducible within patients, but there was a wide variation between patients. The progress of the disease did not affect the disposition of ifosfamide. PMID- 3168150 TI - Genetic toxicology of lead compounds. AB - We have investigated the activity of insoluble and soluble lead compounds in inducing mutagenesis, cell transformation and sister chromatid exchange in mammalian cells. Insoluble lead sulfide, readily phagocytized, was more than four times as toxic to V79 cells on a microM basis, than two moderately soluble lead compounds although the exposure time for the soluble salts was five times longer. These findings demonstrate the importance of different cellular mechanism(s) of metal uptake and bioavailability. Both insoluble lead sulfide and more soluble lead nitrate were mutagenic at the HPRT locus in V79 cells. Although less mutagenic at the higher concentrations, lead nitrate at a concentration of 500 microM enhanced the mutation frequency greater than 6-fold above background following a 5-day exposure. Although the mechanism(s) by which lead induces mutations is unknown, failure of both compounds to induce SCE and DNA single strand breaks, detectable by alkaline elution, suggests that lead-induced mutations may not be a result of direct damage to DNA but may occur via indirect mechanisms including disturbances in enzyme functions important in DNA synthesis and/or repair, or in DNA-helical structure. Lead acetate also transformed SHE cells in a dose-response fashion following a 48-h exposure. Our results indicate that lead compounds may be genotoxic by an indirect mechanism, and lend support to the view that lead is a carcinogen. PMID- 3168151 TI - Chemical specificity for induction of stress response genes by DNA-damaging drugs in human adenocarcinoma cells. AB - We investigated the induction of a stress response gene by anticancer drugs that damage and covalently modify DNA and other cellular macromolecules. Two human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines (HT-29 and BE) which differ in sensitivity to chloroethylnitrosoureas were treated with 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) or with 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU). Both of these drugs can alkylate, crosslink and carbamoylate cellular macromolecules. Treated cells were compared to controls for cytoplasmic levels of HSP70 RNA and for synthesis of heat shock proteins. We also tested for induction of stress response gene expression by equitoxic or greater concentrations of other nitrosourea analogues which can alkylate only, alkylate and crosslink only or carbamoylate only, as well as other DNA crosslinking agents (chlorambucil and cis-platinum). Of these, only BCNU and CCNU, the chloroethylnitrosoureas having all three of the macromolecule-modifying activities, strongly induce HSP70 RNA levels in a dose dependent and time-dependent manner. Induction of HSP70 by BCNU occurred in both cell lines at dose ranges that were cytocidal to the BCNU-resistant HT-29 cells. No induction was seen in BE cells at the lower BCNU concentrations that were equitoxic to that more sensitive cell line. These observations suggest that induction of HSP70 by BCNU and CCNU is neither a direct consequence of DNA crosslinks nor an invariable result of cytocidal drugs. PMID- 3168152 TI - Use of the 32P-postlabeling method to detect DNA adducts of 2-amino-3 methylimidazolo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) in monkeys fed IQ: identification of the N (deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-IQ adduct. AB - Eight DNA adducts of 2-amino-3-methylimidazolo[4,5-f]-quinoline (IQ) were found by the standard 32P-postlabeling method in livers from male Cynomolgus monkeys fed IQ (5 days/week, 3 weeks, 20 mg/kg, nasal-gastric intubation). The IQ-DNA adduct fingerprints observed in monkeys were identical to those observed in rats that received IQ (0.03%) in the diet for 2 weeks. The C8-guanine-IQ adduct was identified by comigration with the synthetic 3',5'-bisphosphate derivative of N( deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-IQ. DNA modified in vitro with N-hydroxy-IQ showed seven adducts, including the C8-guanine-IQ adduct, that were identical to those found in monkeys and rats. Thus it appears that N-hydroxy-IQ, the reactive metabolite of IQ, was responsible for all adducts found in vivo, except one. In order to detect adducts in other organs that were present at lower levels, the intensification (ATP-deficient) method for 32P-postlabeling was used. Five of the adducts detected under standard conditions, including the C8-guanine-IQ adduct, were also detected under intensification conditions. The total level of DNA-IQ adducts was highest in the liver, followed by the kidney, colon and stomach, and bladder. The adduct patterns were identical in all organs examined. The results indicate that IQ is potentially genotoxic in primates and therefore a likely human carcinogen. PMID- 3168153 TI - Excretion kinetics of the DNA adducts of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) formed in vitro in rat urine. AB - The main adduct of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-Pt) with DNA, cis [Pt(NH3)2(dGpdG)], was administered i.p. to rats. Urine was collected daily for 4 days. The adduct was purified by a weak cation exchanger and quantitated by HPLC with UV detection. The recovery of the adduct was 30.0 +/- 7.0% (mean +/- SEM). The main reason for the low recovery was the chemical instability of cis [Pt(NH3)2 (dGpdG)] in urine as shown in an in vitro incubation. Adjusted for this instability the recovery in urine was greater than 70% of the dose. When cis-Pt DNA (the molar ratio of cis-Pt to nucleotide = 1:50) was administered i.p. to rats only 1.25 +/- 0.23% of platinum was excreted in urine in the form of cis [Pt(NH3)2(dGpdG)] and cis-[Pt(NH3)2(dApdG)] during the first 4 days. If the removal of the cis-Pt-DNA adducts from human tissues is to be followed, their possible slow excretion and chemical instability in urine needs to be considered. PMID- 3168154 TI - O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase-defective human cell mutant: O6 methylguanine, DNA strand breaks and cytotoxicity. AB - We have isolated an isogenic O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG)-DNA methyltransferase defective mutant from a HeLa cell line. This mutant exhibits excess DNA strand breaks and considerable cytotoxicity after N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) treatment. The increased frequency of strand breaks after MNNG treatment was not abolished by DNA synthesis inhibitors. We propose that the presence of unrepaired O6-MeG lesions leads to excess strand breaks and these, in turn, are mainly responsible for the cytotoxicity. PMID- 3168155 TI - The influence of phenobarbital and butylated hydroxytoluene on the ploidy rate in rat hepatocarcinogenesis. AB - The effect of the 'promoters' phenobarbital (PB) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on the ploidy changes during hepatocarcinogenesis in rats was compared in a densitometric analysis of Feulgen-stained nuclei on paraffin-embedded tissue slices. The triphasic Gerlans protocol for liver-cancer induction was applied. Initiation with a single dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN), and selection with 2 acetylamino-fluorene (2-AAF) combined with a proliferative stimulus (CCl4 administration), was followed by a treatment with PB or BHT for periods up to 22 weeks. Control animals received no treatment after the initiation and selection procedure. Despite intra- and inter-individual variations, an increase in the amount of 2N nuclei is found in the putative preneoplastic lesions of animals that received initiation and selection (I-S) and 3 weeks basal diet (BD). When the diet is supplemented with PB (after I-S), the increase of diploid nuclei starts earlier. At the time carcinoma arise (22 weeks PB treatment) a decrease in the frequency of 2N nuclei is found. BHT-treated animals which develop no carcinoma within the considered timespan, show a clear increased amount of 2N nuclei in the precancerous lesions only after 14 weeks treatment. It seems that there is a positive correlation between the outgrowth of putative preneoplastic foci and nodules in rat liver and an increase of diploid nuclei in these lesions. PB, as promoter used after initiation and selection, speeds up the development of carcinoma in rat liver, and therefore also the shift to diploidization in these rats starts earlier in comparison with I-S-treated rats. Although BHT does not promote liver carcinogenesis, an increase of diploid nuclei is also observed here during lesion formation. It may, therefore, be concluded that the phenomenon of diploidization is closely linked to and probably necessary for preneoplastic development, but that it is not an absolute indicator for neoplastic transformation. PMID- 3168156 TI - Uptake of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine by isolated rat and hamster hepatocytes: species differences and evidence for an active carrier-mediated transport process. AB - The rates of uptake of the carcinogen N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) by hepatocytes isolated from Fischer rats and Syrian hamsters were determined in order to investigate species differences in cellular transport of the carcinogen. Initial rates of uptake of [1-14C]BOP by hepatocytes were measured using a rapid centrifugation technique. At cell densities from 1.5 to 6 x 10(6) cells/ml, initial rates of uptake were as much as 4-fold more rapid in hamster hepatocytes than in those of the rat. The cell/medium distribution ratio for hamster hepatocytes reached a value of 9.0 after a 20-min incubation with an extracellular BOP concentration of 20 microM. Under the same conditions, the cell/medium distribution ratio for rat hepatocytes was only 2.4. These results indicated that BOP uptake proceeded against a concentration gradient and was more rapid in hamster hepatocytes. In both species, the rates of uptake were saturable with increasing concentration (2-685 microM) and displayed biphasic kinetics characteristic of high-affinity (Km less than 20 microM) and low-affinity (Km greater than 30 microM) processes for the uptake of BOP. Evidence for the involvement of an ATP-dependent active carrier-mediated transport process was obtained from experiments in which hepatocytes were preincubated with metabolic inhibitors. Significant inhibition of uptake was observed in the presence of KCN, carbonyl cyanide-3-chlorophenylhydrazone, antimycin A, oligomycin and other agents which interfere with electron transport or ATP generation. Based on the reduction in uptake rates, rat hepatocytes were more sensitive to the effects of these inhibitors. These results suggest that the entry of BOP into hepatocytes is under cellular regulation and that the more rapid rate of uptake in liver cells of the hamster may be one factor responsible for the observation that BOP is a more potent hepatotoxin and carcinogen in this species. PMID- 3168157 TI - Quantitation of protein adducts as a marker of genotoxic exposure: immunologic detection of benzo[a]pyrene--globin adducts in mice. AB - Immunologic methods have been developed for the determination of benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-protein adducts and validated in animals treated with [3H]BP. A previously developed antibody, 8E11, which recognizes 7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10- tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE-I)-modified DNA or protein as well as BPDE-I-tetraols, was used. The sensitivity of the assay was increased by enzymatic digestion of the modified protein with insoluble protease into peptides and amino acids before analysis. In a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with digested BPDE-I-modified bovine serum albumin, 50% inhibition occurred at 400 fmol of adduct compared to 1450 fmol for the non digested albumin. Analysis of globin (Gb) isolated from animals treated in vivo with 0.3-3 mg [3H]BP indicated that the ELISA could detect 90-100% of the adducts determined by radioactivity. Levels of adducts in lung and liver DNA and serum albumin were correlated with the levels of Gb adducts. Of the total radioactivity associated with hemoglobin, only less than or equal to 10% was from Gb while approximately 80% was from the heme fraction and the remainder from free BP metabolites. Significant cross-reactivity of antibody 8E11 was found with several BP-diols and phenols, suggesting that the immunoassay will not only be specific for BPDE-I adducts but will also detect adducts of other BP metabolites as well as other aromatic hydrocarbon diol epoxides. An immunoaffinity column of antibody 8E11 coupled to Sepharose 4B was used to isolate modified peptides from the digested Gb. About 65% of the applied radioactivity was retained on the column. Between 1 and 2 mg of non-modified digested Gb could be added to the sample without interfering with binding of adducts. Protein digestion and immunoaffinity chromatography should be useful for the measurement of protein adducts in biomonitoring studies. PMID- 3168158 TI - Reactivation of rat insulin-like growth factor II gene during hepatocarcinogenesis. AB - The insulin-like growth factor II (rIGFII) is a mitogenic polypeptide, the expression of which is high in most rat tissues during embryonic development, yet is barely detectable in adult tissues except for some of neurogenic origin. The gene is present as a single copy in the genome but has three alternative leader exons, E1, E2 and E3, thereby with three independent transcriptional promoters. We analysed the expression of rIGFII and the relative efficiency of each promoter in hepatocarcinogen-treated livers, primary hepatomas and established hepatoma lines. The E3-specific product was first detected after 6 weeks of 3'-methyl-4 dimethylaminoazobenzene treatment and those of E1 and E2 also after 9 weeks. The levels gradually increased according to the sum of the treatment period, but reactivation was nil in the regenerating liver. Consistently high levels of expression were observed in all primary tumors, but the relative promoter activity varied with the tumor. The significance of rIGFII reactivation was discussed in the light of the hepatocarcinogenesis. PMID- 3168159 TI - Intracellular 58-kd selenoprotein levels correlate with inhibition of DNA synthesis in mammary epithelial cells. AB - Five mouse mammary epithelial cell lines (MMEC) with different growth rates were used to examine the relationship between selenoprotein levels and selenite mediated inhibition of DNA synthesis. The inhibition of DNA synthesis preceded and was significantly greater than inhibition of protein synthesis. Cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, caused a coordinate inhibition of both DNA and protein synthesis over a 50-fold dose range. Of the selenoproteins detected by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE, the 58-, 26- and 23-kd proteins were the only major selenoproteins observed in common among the five MMEC lines before and during inhibition of DNA synthesis. Other selenoproteins were present in some cell lines or after inhibition of DNA synthesis. The level of the 58-kd selenoprotein was most closely correlated with the degree of inhibition of DNA synthesis (r2 = 0.85), whereas the 26- and 23-kd proteins most closely correlated with selenite retention (r2 = 0.78). Upon selenite withdrawal from the growth medium, the decrease in 58-kd, but not in the 26- and 23-kd proteins correlated with resumption of DNA synthesis. Similarly, dose-response studies indicated that the 58-kd protein increased greater than 20-fold, whereas the 26- and 23-kd proteins increased only 5-fold. At high doses of selenite, other selenoproteins of mol. wts 30-101 kd were present but these proteins seemed to appear after inhibition of DNA synthesis. The possibility exists that these proteins may be product/precursors of the major selenoproteins. Since these experiments attempted to quantitate selenoproteins by densitometry of one-dimensional SDS-PAGE autoradiographs, the quality controls used for the experiments are discussed. The results are discussed in terms of the hypothesis that the 58-kd selenoproteins may mediate the effects of selenite on DNA synthesis. PMID- 3168160 TI - A new synthetic route to nucleotide adducts derived from N-acetylated and unacetylated 4-aminobiphenyl. AB - The carcinogen N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene reacts with dG and dG-containing nucleotides to give good yields of the C-8 adducts, but the analogous 4 aminobiphenyl derivative does not. Replacement of the N-acetoxy group by 2,6 dichlorobenzoyloxy circumvents this difficulty. This reaction is shown to be generally applicable, and biphenylamido adducts with dG, d(CpG), d(GpC) and d(ApG) have been prepared. A new, useful deacetylation procedure employing the heterogeneous system sodium carbonate/methanol which leads to the corresponding biphenylamino derivative without appreciable imidazole ring opening is also reported. PMID- 3168161 TI - Spin-labeled phorbol esters and their interactions with cellular membranes. III. Skin irritant and tumor-promoting activities of spin-labeled phorbol-12,13 diesters and relationships to their particular structures. AB - Sixteen 'doxyl' spin-labeled 12,13-(acetate, acylates) of phorbol were assayed in NMRI mice for irritant and for tumor-promoting activity. The spin-labeled positionally isomeric (n,m)PA- and AP(n,m)-type esters carry straight aliphatic acyl chains of different overall lengths N (number of C atoms). Within the chains the 'doxyl' label is located in different positions (n,m). The potency of some of the esters as irritants and as promoters is comparable to or even higher than that of the prototype diterpene ester promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate and its positional isomer 12-O-acetylphorbol-13-tetradecanoate. Their irritancies on the ear and their promoting activities on the back skin depend strongly on the structural features of the acyl chain carrying the spin label. Based upon the bioactivities of individual esters biologically meaningful probes were defined for investigations of the molecular interaction of phorbol-ester type promoters with cellular targets for electron paramagnetic resonance. PMID- 3168162 TI - Metabolism of acetylaminofluorene in primary cultures of human hepatocytes: dose response over a four-log range. AB - The metabolism of acetylaminofluorene (AAF) in human hepatocyte cultures from different donors was investigated for a four-log concentration range (500, 50, 5.0 and 0.5 microM) or at 3, 8 and 24 h at 500 microM. The metabolite profile was dependent on the concentration to which the cells were exposed. The hepatocyte cultures varied in the degree to which they metabolized AAF predominantly because of different levels of deacetylation. Ring-hydroxylation was the predominant pathway for AAF metabolism at low concentrations (5.0 and 0.5 microM) but saturated in three of four human cases at high concentrations of AAF; N hydroxylation did not appear to become saturated. Human hepatocytes catalyzed the covalent binding of AAF metabolites to their DNA. A linear increase in DNA binding was observed when increasing concentrations of AAF were added to hepatocyte cultures; however, the increase in AAF metabolites binding to DNA was not proportional to the dose. While the concentration of AAF in the media was increased over a four-log range, both the production of N-hydroxy AAF and binding of metabolites to hepatocellular DNA increased over approximately a three-log range. These results with cultured human hepatocytes indicate that the pathways of AAF metabolism are qualitatively similar to those identified in experiments with rat hepatocytes as well as experiments conducted in vivo with human subjects. These studies confirm that the cultured human hepatocyte is a useful model for the investigation of human xenobiotic metabolism and indicate that the concentration of the xenobiotic used in the experiments is an important determinant of the metabolitic profile produced. PMID- 3168163 TI - A comparison between different types of covalent DNA modifications (I-compounds, persistent carcinogen adducts and 5-methylcytosine) in regenerating rat liver. AB - I-Compounds have been recently identified as adduct-like nonpolar covalent DNA modifications that are detectable by 32P-postlabeling assay in tissues of untreated experimental animals and increase with age. Additional I-compounds have now been observed in liver DNA of male Sprague-Dawley rats when the chromatographic conditions were modified to allow for the detection of more polar adducts exhibiting low affinity to polyethyleneimine (PEI)--cellulose anion exchange thin-layer material. The total I-compound level in 10-month-old animals was as high as one modification in approximately 10(7) nucleotides. This represented a minimum estimate since 100% recovery of all rat liver I-compounds in 32P-labeled form presumably was not achieved by the procedures used. The I compound pattern was reproducible and variation of I-compound levels among individual animals of the same age was small. We have used regenerating rat liver herein as a model to compare the properties of I-compounds with those of persistent 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)-induced DNA adducts and of 5 methylcytosine (m5C), a normal enzymatic DNA modification. Eight- to 10-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were given 2-AAF (50 mg/kg in DMSO) or vehicle (DMSO) by i.p. injection. Partial hepatectomy was performed 6 weeks later (i.e. after AAF adduct levels had stabilized) and regenerating liver samples were taken 1 week after the operation for DNA analysis. Consistent with the restoration of cell and tissue loss, the overall levels of I-compounds and 2-AAF adducts were reduced to approximately 47% and approximately 45% respectively of control in regenerating liver by dilution with newly synthesized DNA, while the m5C level was not affected. Thus, in regenerating liver, I-compounds resembled carcinogen--DNA adducts and not m5C. This supports our hypothesis that the formation of these DNA modifications may be due to the binding to DNA of small amounts of reactive electrophilic by-products of normal metabolic activities, leading to the slow accumulation of I-compounds in tissue DNA with ageing. PMID- 3168164 TI - Metabolism of 1,8-dinitropyrene by rabbit lung. AB - Dinitropyrenes are mutagenic and carcinogenic environmental pollutants commonly found in diesel exhaust and airborne particulates. In the present study, the ability of rabbit lung to metabolize 1,8-dinitro[4,5,9,10-3H]pyrene by both oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent pathways has been investigated. Using lung 9000 g supernatant, the biotransformation of 1,8-dinitropyrene to stable metabolites was more extensive in the absence of oxygen. A major proportion of the metabolites was ether-extractable. Five metabolite peaks (A-E) were detected by HPLC in the absence of oxygen. Formation of metabolites A, C, D and E was decreased under aerobic conditions. Metabolites B and C co-chromatographed with the reference standards 1,8-diaminopyrene and 1-acetyl-amino-8-nitropyrene, respectively. The formation of metabolites A and C was dependent on the presence of acetyl coenzyme A. Binding of radiolabel to calf thymus DNA occurred under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions, although there was significantly higher binding in the presence of oxygen. Omission of acetyl coenzyme A significantly increased DNA binding. In experiments where calf thymus DNA was omitted from the incubation medium, covalent binding of radiolabel to acid-precipitable lung S9 macromolecules was detected only under aerobic conditions (11.1 +/- 4.3 pmol/mg protein). The results indicate that rabbit lung can metabolize 1,8-dinitropyrene by both reductive and oxidative pathways. Reductive metabolism is the major pathway for formation of stable metabolites while alkylation of cellular macromolecules occurs primarily via oxidation. There was no correlation between acetyl coenzyme A-dependent acetylation and activation of 1,8-dinitropyrene to reactive species which bind to DNA. PMID- 3168165 TI - Metabolism of the carcinogen [3H]6-nitrochrysene in the preweanling mouse: identification of 6-aminochrysene-1,2-dihydrodiol as the probable proximate carcinogenic metabolite. AB - 6-Nitrochrysene (NC) is a potent lung and liver carcinogen when administered in multiple doses to preweanling mice. We have investigated both the in vitro metabolism of [3H]NC by 9000 g supernatants (S9) prepared from the livers of preweanling mice and the in vivo metabolism of [3H]NC in these animals. The in vitro covalent binding of primary metabolites of NC to DNA after further reductive and/or oxidative metabolism was then examined in an attempt to define the metabolic activation pathway responsible for the formation of carcinogen--DNA adducts in NC-treated preweanling mice. NC-1,2-dihydrodiol, NC-9,10-dihydrodiol, 6-aminochrysene (AC), and several unidentified compounds were found in ethyl acetate extracts of incubations containing [3H]NC and liver S9 from 1- or 8-day old BLU:Ha mice. Comparison of the in vivo metabolism of NC in 1-day-old animals and 8-day-old animals which had been treated with NC on day 1 indicated that the formation of AC and the two NC dihydrodiols was greater in the younger animals. Further metabolism of NC-1,2-dihydrodiol by S9 from 8-day-old mice yielded AC-1,2 dihydrodiol as a major product. Incubation of AC-1,2-dihydrodiol, calf thymus DNA and liver microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene-induced rats yielded a single major adduct that was chromatographically and chemically identical to the major adduct formed in [3H]NC- and [3H]-AC-treated preweanling mice. The results indicated that the major DNA adduct found in vivo is derived from the further metabolism of the proximate carcinogen AC-1,2-dihydrodiol. PMID- 3168166 TI - Effects of dietary sinigrin or indole-3-carbinol on O6-methylguanine-DNA transmethylase activity and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone induced DNA methylation and tumorigenicity in F344 rats. AB - The effects of dietary sinigrin and indole-3-carbinol (I3C) on DNA methylation and O6-methylguanine--DNA-transmethylase activity, factors which may be of importance in the induction of tumorigenicity by the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), were investigated. Additionally, the effects of dietary sinigrin on NNK tumorigenicity were assessed in a two-year bioassay in F344 rats. DNA methylation in target tissues of NNK tumorigenesis was examined in F344 rats administered [3H-CH3]NNK (0.6 mg/kg, four doses) s.c. and fed control or experimental diets for two weeks. Dietary sinigrin at a concentration of 3 mumol/g diet decreased 7-methylguanine formation in hepatic DNA, but had no effect on 7-methylguanine levels of lung or nasal mucosa DNA. Dietary I3C at a concentration of 30 mumol/g diet increased 7-methylguanine levels in hepatic DNA, but decreased DNA methylation in lung and nasal mucosa. No effects on O6-methylguanine--DNA-transmethylase activity were observed in tissue extracts derived from the livers, lungs and nasal mucosae of rats fed diets containing sinigrin or I3C. These results suggested that dietary sinigrin might reduce the incidence of NNK-induced hepatic tumors with no effect on NNK tumorigenesis of the lung and nasal cavity, whereas I3C might increase hepatic tumor incidence and reduce NNK tumorigenesis of the lung and nasal cavity. The bioassay results showed that dietary sinigrin had no effect on NNK tumorigenesis in these target tissues. However, dietary sinigrin plus NNK resulted in a significant incidence of pancreatic tumors, a rare occurrence in F344 rats. While the results from DNA methylation studies are in agreement with the bioassay data for lung and nasal cavity, the absence of any inhibitory effect of dietary sinigrin on NNK hepatic tumorigenesis indicates that factors other than DNA methylation and O6-methylguanine repair should be considered in assessing the effects of dietary compounds on NNK hepatic tumorigenesis. The contrary effects on NNK-induced hepatic DNA methylation by sinigrin and I3C, two major components of cruciferous vegetables, demonstrate the complexities of dietary modulation of carcinogenesis. PMID- 3168167 TI - 32P-postlabeling analysis of DNA adducts in rat stomach with 1-nitrosoindole-3 acetonitrile, a direct-acting mutagenic indole compound formed by nitrosation. AB - Modification of DNA by a direct-acting mutagen, 1-nitrosoindole-3-acetonitrile, which is formed from indole-3-acetonitrile upon nitrite treatment, was investigated. 32P-Postlabeling analysis clearly demonstrated the formation of DNA adducts in the stomach of rats after intragastric administration of 1 nitrosoindole-3-acetonitrile. The level of DNA adducts in both the forestomach and glandular stomach 2 h after administration of 100 mg/kg body weight of the compound was about one adduct per 10(7) nucleotides. The DNAs of the forestomach and glandular stomach gave six common spots on two-dimensional chromatography, three of which were also produced by in vitro reaction of this compound with DNA. Thus, 1-nitrosoindole-3-acetonitrile can form DNA adducts in vivo and in vitro. No DNA adducts were detected after treatment with the non-nitrosated compound indole-3-acetonitrile both in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that 1 nitrosoindole-3-acetonitrile has the in vivo tumor initiating activity in the stomach. PMID- 3168168 TI - Parents' perceptions regarding the discipline of their hearing-impaired children. AB - Perceptions that parents have of their hearing-impaired children's misbehaviour, the techniques used in handling these behaviours, and the perceptions of success the parents experience in controlling such actions are examined in this study. One hundred and thirty-four parents with hearing-impaired children responded to a self-report questionnaire eliciting the following information: family background, perceptions of their children's misbehaviours, techniques used in dealing with their children's misbehaviour, perceived success of corrective techniques used, and their beliefs concerning the use of disciplinary techniques. Findings indicate that successful parents (those who perceived themselves as 'successful' in handling their hearing-impaired children's misbehaviour) differed from the unsuccessful parents (those who perceived themselves as 'unsuccessful' in handling their hearing-impaired children's misbehaviour) in two important ways. One was in the way parental groups perceived the incidence of misbehaviour in their children, that is, successful parents reported a significantly lower incidence of misbehaviour than did unsuccessful parents. The second difference involved the types of disciplinary techniques practised to control misbehaviour, that is, successful parents most often chose a technique involving 'discussion with explanation', while unsuccessful parents most often employed techniques involving 'scolding'. PMID- 3168169 TI - Length of preschool hospitalization, multiple admissions and later educational attainment and behaviour. AB - Differences in educational performance and behaviour at age 10 years between 2900 hospitalized and 11,000 non-hospitalized children in the 1970 British Births Cohort were described previously. In the present analysis associations were found between the length of time children spent in hospital before the age of 5 years and performance on vocabulary tests at age 5 and age 10. Children whose first admission occurred between 2 and 5 years of age were particularly likely to show this association. There was also a relationship between the length of preschool hospitalization and reading and mathematics attainment at age 10. It was the number of times a child was admitted to hospital before the age of 5, rather than the length of stay, which was associated with antisocial and anxious behaviour at age 5. The association was evident when the first admission occurred between 2 and 5 years of age and not before age 2. There was no association with such behaviour at age 10 once social and family factors and readmission between ages 5 and 10 were taken into account. There was a strong association between admission between ages 5 and 10 and behaviour scores at age 10. The results are interpreted as providing evidence for a need to develop the hospital educational service to ameliorate these associations and to review schemes which reduce the anxiety provoking aspects of hospitalization for young children. PMID- 3168170 TI - Glucose metabolism of injured skeletal muscle: the contribution of inflammatory cells. AB - Wounded muscle which has increased glucose uptake is infiltrated with a large number of inflammatory cells. Macrophages which are the predominant inflammatory cells in wounded muscle can increase glucose oxidation by epididymal fat pads. Therefore, the possibility that inflammatory cells could also alter glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle was investigated. Peritoneal inflammatory cells (67% macrophages, 7% lymphocytes, 15% polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and 11% eosinophils) were elicited with a 1% sodium caseinate solution. Extensor digitorum longus muscles, were incubated alone, in the presence of inflammatory cells or in an inflammatory-cell-conditioned media. Similar incubations were performed using epididymal fat pads. In addition, inflammatory cells were incubated alone. The present studies confirmed the previous finding that inflammatory cells release a factor(s) that increases glucose oxidation in epididymal fat pads. The coincubation of inflammatory cells with skeletal muscle resulted in a 22% increase in glucose uptake and a 19% increase in the conversion of glucose to lactate compared to the sum of these processes for muscle or inflammatory cells incubated alone. In addition, this study showed that the incubation of skeletal muscle in inflammatory-cell-conditioned medium produced a 117.6% increase in glucose uptake and a 147% increase in the conversion of glucose to lactate. Therefore, inflammatory cells can increase glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle through the release of a soluble factor(s). This effect does not require a direct contact of the inflammatory cells with skeletal muscle. PMID- 3168171 TI - The effect of allopurinol and catalase on cardiovascular hemodynamics during hemorrhagic shock. AB - The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect that the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol (ALLO) and the hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase (CAT) have on the cardiovascular compensatory ability of the dog to respond to severe hemorrhagic hypotension. Twenty-four mongrel dogs were anesthetized with sodium pentabarbitol and surgically prepared to monitor 1) average arterial blood pressure (AAP), 2) central venous pressure (CVP), 3) heart rate (HR), 4) cardiac index (CI = CO/kg), and hindlimb skeletal muscle blood flow (MBF). Total body vascular conductance (TBC) and skeletal muscle vascular conductance (MVC) were calculated by dividing the CI or MBF by the difference between the AAP and CVP. Eight animals were placed into each of the following three groups, bled over a 1 hr period of time to an AAP of 50 mm Hg and monitored for an additional 2 hr. Group I controls received an intravenous volume of lactated Ringer's equivalent to that volume given to groups II and III. Group II was pretreated 24 hr prior to hemorrhage with 100 mg/kg ALLO orally and received a bolus injection of 25 mg/kg 15 min prior to hemorrhage plus an intravenous infusion of 5 mg/kg/hr over the 3 hr study. Group III was given the same ALLO treatment as group II plus an additional 5-mg/kg/hr intravenous infusion of CAT throughout the duration of the 3-hr study. The results show that the intense compensatory increase in total body vascular tone which occurs during severe hypovolemia is significantly reduced at the 60-, 120-, and 180-min periods in the ALLO/CAT group; however, when ALLO alone was used this effect lasted only through the 120-min period. A similar, but statistically less convincing, picture was seen in the skeletal muscle vascular bed. Thus, the ALLO/CAT group seemed to inhibit some free radical mechanisms better than the ALLO group during and immediately following hemorrhage. Allopurinol alone lost its effectiveness before the 3 hr, which suggests that a free radical mechanism may play an early role in the pathophysiologic shock sequence. As shock continues, however, other factors seem to override the free radical mechanism. One possible explanation for this early tissue protective action of allopurinol and catalase is the inhibition of the oxygen free-radical induced microvascular swelling and plugging. PMID- 3168172 TI - Portal and systemic plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations in heat-stressed primates. AB - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations in hepatic portal and systemic arterial plasma were determined in five anesthetised monkeys heat-stressed by an environmental temperature of 41.0 +/- 0.3 degrees C and 100% relative humidity. As the rectal temperature (Tr) rose, the LPS concentrations in both the portal and systemic arterial plasma remained at the pre-heat-stress levels of 0.088 +/- 0.017 and 0.078 +/- 0.021 ng/ml (N.S.), respectively, until a Tr of 42.5-43.0 degrees C, when the LPS concentration increased slowly, first in the portal plasma and then in the systemic plasma. On the other hand, the concentration of plasma anti-LPS IgG antibodies began to decline at temperatures as low as 40 degrees C from 20.66 +/- 7.35 micrograms/ml (portal) and 22.14 +/- 7.43 micrograms/ml (arterial) to 5.51 +/- 1.28 micrograms/ml (portal) (P less than .05) and 4.6 +/- 1.69 micrograms/ml (arterial) (P less than .05) just prior to death. Above a Tr of 43 degrees C, the LPS concentration increased rapidly to a maximum of 0.244 +/- 0.05 ng/ml (portal) (P less than .01) and 0.224 +/- 0.06 ng/ml (arterial) (P less than .01). The mean arterial pressure remained more or less constant at 112 +/- 17.03 mm Hg until a Tr of 41.5 degrees C and then rapidly declined as Tr rose (P less than .01). The heart rate rose gradually from 154 +/- 14 min-1 as Tr increased and then rapidly after a Tr of 41.5 degrees C to a maximum of 307 +/- 13 min-1 at 43.0 degrees C. Thereafter it declined rapidly until death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3168173 TI - Complement activation and the toxicity of stroma-free hemoglobin solutions in primates. AB - The toxicity of hemoglobin solutions was studied in the context of their ability to activate serum complement (C). Three bovine polymerized hemoglobin solutions (BPHSs) with different degrees of purity were used for experiments in vitro and in vivo. BPHS-1 contained bacterial endotoxins (E) (5 EU/ml) and stromal phospholipids (PLs) (1.2 mg/dl), BPHS-2 contained only PLs (2.0 mg/dl), while BPHS-3 was completely free of both contaminants. C-activation was studied by the direct measurement of C3a, C4a, and C5a des Arg fragments, using commercially available RIA kits. During 1 hour of incubation with fresh monkey plasma, BPHS-1 and -2 activated both pathways of C, while BPHS-3 caused no activation of any factor. In vivo, Hb solutions were used to replace one-third of blood volume in three groups of six Coebus monkeys each, while fresh homologous plasma was used in a control group of four animals. Impure solutions activated the alternative pathway of C and caused significant reactions of the circulating blood (thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation) associated with multiorgan dysfunction (cardiac arrhythmias, hypoxemia, reduction of renal clearance of endogenous creatinine, and elevation of liver enzyme SGPT). The pure solution neither activated C nor caused any reaction in the circulating blood. However, it caused a moderate degree of direct tissue injury, evidenced by transient reduction of creatinine clearance and elevation of SGPT. These observations suggest that impure and pure Hb solutions carry separate mechanisms of toxicity. Complement, activated by toxic impurities, plays an active role in the toxicity of impure solutions. C-activation in vitro could be used as a screening test of biocompatibility. PMID- 3168174 TI - Vascular reactivity following thermal injury. AB - Major thermal injury is associated with alterations in both pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance. Pulmonary artery hypertension may lead to right heart dysfunction and pulmonary insufficiency. The effect of thermal injury on vascular reactivity is unknown. Increases in circulating vasoactive substances, as well as alterations in vascular smooth muscle receptor activity, have been hypothesized to occur following thermal injury. We have studied aorta and pulmonary artery vascular sensitivity to five agonists in a 35% full-thickness thermal injury rat model. Vascular reactivity was normal to agonists that constrict vascular smooth muscle via receptor-mediated calcium influx. Unresuscitated and resuscitated burn injury resulted in a decrease in peak tension development to prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and potassium, agonists whose effects are mediated via membrane depolarization. Fluid resuscitation synchronous with burning did not alter peak tension development in agonists whose actions were mediated via receptor mechanisms. Peak tension development in resuscitated animals to agonists that affect contraction by depolarization remained deficient. To rule out simple blood loss as the etiology for these changes, the experiment was repeated in rats sustaining an acute 25% blood volume loss. Simple hypovolemia induced no changes in aortic or pulmonary vascular sensitivity. We hypothesize that thermal injury may result in a depolarization of vascular smooth muscle membranes altering voltage-dependent calcium channels. PMID- 3168175 TI - Effect of intravertebral angiotensin II on cardiac output and its distribution in conscious dogs. AB - Intravertebral infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) increases mean arterial pressure (MAP), but the contribution of cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) to this increase is unclear. In the present study, the effects of Ang II infusion on CO and regional blood flow was determined by the microsphere technique in eight conscious, chronically catheterized dogs. Ang II was infused into both vertebral arteries at 0.33 and 1.0 ng/kg/min, and intravenously at 0.66, 2.0 and 5.0 ng/kg/min. Intravertebral infusion of Ang II at 0.33 ng/kg/min increased MAP by increasing CO without changing TPR or peripheral plasma Ang II concentration. MAP also was increased with intravertebral infusion of Ang II at 1.0 ng/kg/min, but this resulted from small increases in both CO and TPR. In contrast, intravenous infusion of Ang II at 2.0 and 5.0 ng/kg/min increased MAP by increasing TPR in association with a decrease in CO. The increase in CO with intravertebral infusion of Ang II at 0.33 ng/kg/min was distributed primarily to the muscles, kidneys, heart, and brain. Intravenous infusion of Ang II at 5.0 ng/kg/min and, to a lesser extent, 2.0 ng/kg/min decreased blood flow to the skin, splanchnic region, and kidneys. These data indicate that the increase in MAP produced by a low intravertebral dose of Ang II results from an increase in CO, which is distributed primarily to the muscle, kidney, heart, and brain. In contrast, the increase in MAP produced by a higher intravertebral dose of Ang II results from increases in CO and TPR. This latter action is apparently due to a peripheral action of Ang II to increase resistance in the skin, splanchnic, and renal circulations. PMID- 3168176 TI - Fibrin is a determinant of neutrophil sequestration in the lung. AB - We investigated the role of fibrin in the sequestration of neutrophils in lungs challenged with microembolism. Lungs of chronically prepared awake sheep were imaged after infusion of 111In-neutrophils and 131I-fibrinogen. Thrombin (80 units/kg) was administered to induce fibrin sequestration in the lung. One group received tranexamic acid (4 mg/kg i.v.) to inhibit fibrinolysis, and the control group received a saline infusion. Thrombin infusion increased both 131I fibrinogen and 111In-neutrophils in the lung, but the increases were greater and more prolonged in the fibrinolysis-inhibited group. We examined the adherence of isolated neutrophils to fibrin matrix to investigate how neutrophil-fibrin interactions could mediate neutrophil sequestration. Unstimulated neutrophils showed a 37.5 +/- 3.1% adherence to fibrin in contrast to a 3.9 +/- 0.4% neutrophil adherence to endothelium and a 6.5 +/- 0.5% adherence to agarose. Neutrophil adherence to fibrin increased to 81.7 +/- 6.2% with activation by phorbol myristate acetate (10(-8) M) and was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody directed against the beta-chain of the CD18 leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein. The findings indicate that retention of pulmonary fibrin microthrombi is associated with increased lung uptake of neutrophils. Fibrin serves as a substrate for neutrophil adherence, and this adherence is mediated by expression of the CD18 glycoprotein complex on neutrophils. Fibrin sequestration in the lung may contribute to lung vascular injury by inducing pulmonary neutrophil uptake. PMID- 3168177 TI - Developmental changes in the expression of rabbit left ventricular troponin T. AB - We examined cardiac troponin T (TnT) isoform expression in rabbit left ventricular myocardium at three different stages of postnatal development. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis (PAGE), we resolved five isoforms: TnT1, TnT2, TnT3, TnT4, and TnT5. TnT1 had the slowest electrophoretic mobility and TnT5 the fastest. The predominant isoforms were TnT2, TnT3, and TnT4. The relative amounts of TnT2, TnT3, TnT4, and TnT5 were examined in myocardium from three age-groups: 3 days (Group 1), 21-22 days (Group 2), and 99-109 days (Group 3). The amount of TnT2 relative to the total amount of TnT (determined by the ratio of the areas under the densitometric curves) decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) with age from 42 +/- 4% in Group 1 to 25 +/- 3% in Group 3. In contrast, the relative amount of TnT4 increased with age from 23 +/- 2% in Group 1 to 33 +/- 4% in Group 3 (p less than 0.01). The relative amounts of the other two isoforms change biphasically with development: TnT3 decreased from Group 1 to Group 2 and increased from Group 2 to Group 3. TnT5, a minor isoform, increased from Group 1 to Group 2 and decreased from Group 2 to Group 3. These developmental changes in troponin T expression may account for some of the maturational changes observed in the physiological and biochemical properties of the myocardium. PMID- 3168178 TI - Effects of acidosis on ventricular muscle from adult and neonatal rats. AB - We compared the response of ventricular muscle from adult and neonatal rats to hypercapnic acidosis. In adult muscle, acidosis caused an initial rapid fall of developed tension to 30 +/- 5% of control (mean +/- SEM, n = 6). However, tension recovered slowly to a steady state that was 56 +/- 6% of control. In neonatal muscle, acidosis caused a significantly smaller initial fall in tension to 43 +/- 3% (n = 8, p less than 0.05), but the tension then showed a subsequent slower fall to a steady state that was 29 +/- 4% of control, significantly less than in the adult (p less than 0.01). We have attempted to identify the mechanisms underlying these differences in response. In detergent-skinned myofibrils, reducing the pH from 7.0 to 6.5 caused a reduction in the pCa50 of 0.61 units in the adult muscle, but only 0.27 units in the neonatal ventricular muscle. Myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity in neonatal ventricular muscle is thus less susceptible to the effects of acidic pH than that of adult muscle. Since intracellular pH decreases rapidly on application of increased external CO2, these results are consistent with the finding that, initially, developed tension in neonatal muscles is less sensitive to the effects of acidosis. Sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis of myofibrillar preparations from adult and neonatal rats demonstrated differences in thin filament proteins, including troponin I, which may underlie the observed differences in Ca2+ sensitivity. In adult rat ventricular muscles, the slow recovery of tension during acidosis is associated with an increase in the amplitude of the Ca2+ transients to 263 +/- 34% of control (n = 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3168179 TI - Influences of pressure surrounding the heart and intracardiac pressure on the diastolic coronary pressure-flow relation in excised canine heart. AB - We investigated the change in the instantaneous diastolic left coronary pressure flow relation (DPFR) when the pressure surrounding the heart (SHP), right heart pressure (RHP), and left heart pressure (LHP) were systematically varied. Eight excised and maximally vasodilated canine hearts placed in an air-tight chamber were used. To obtain a capacitance-free DPFR, coronary perfusion pressure was slowly decreased (about 2 mm Hg/sec) during a prolonged diastole. The zero-flow pressure (Pf = 0) and the slope of the DPFR were analyzed. The mean values of the slope did not change significantly throughout the interventions. The mean value of Pf = 0 in the control state (SHP = RHP = LHP = 0 mm Hg) was 6.0 +/- 2.0 mm Hg (mean +/- SD, n = 8), significantly higher than the venous outflow pressure, RHP (p less than 0.001), and the other two pressures (p less than 0.001). When SHP was raised to 15 and 30 mm Hg, while the other pressures remained at 0 mm Hg, the mean values of Pf = 0 increased to 20.9 +/- 2.4 and 35.6 +/- 3.1 mm Hg (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.0005, respectively, vs. control). The mean values of Pf = 0 when only RHP was elevated to 15 and 30 mm Hg were 16.0 +/- 1.5 and 29.3 +/- 1.5 mm Hg (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.0005 vs. control). On elevation of LHP to 15 and 30 mm Hg, the mean values of Pf = 0 were 12.0 +/- 2.8 and 17.3 +/- 3.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.01 vs. control). When both SHP and LHP were almost evenly elevated to about 15 and 30 mm Hg, the mean values of Pf = 0 were raised to 22.0 +/- 2.9 and 35.3 +/- 3.2 mm Hg, respectively. These mean values were not significantly different from those when only SHP was elevated to the comparable levels. The observation that Pf = 0 exceeded RHP in the control state and that RHP, which was elevated above the preceding Pf = 0, was identical with the present Pf = 0 supports the vascular waterfall mechanism when RHP is low. Furthermore, the evidence that the degree of DPFR shift was almost linearly dependent on the SHP level rather than on the LHP level indicates that the pressure on the epicardial side is one of the factors that determines the pressure at the top of the vascular waterfall. PMID- 3168180 TI - Ventricular/vascular coupling and regional arterial dynamics in the chronically hypertensive baboon: correlation with cardiovascular structural adaptation. AB - Ventricular/vascular coupling dynamics and regional hemodynamics of five hypertensive baboons with concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (mean arterial pressure +/- SD, 148 +/- 16 mm Hg; LV mass/body weight ratio 3.42 +/- 0.8) were compared with five normotensive controls (mean arterial pressure 89 +/- 3 mm Hg; LV mass/body wt ratio 2.73 +/- 0.5) at different mean arterial pressures. Ventricular/vascular dynamics were assessed by aortic input impedance, pulsatile/total power ratio, effective arterial elastance and compliance from a three-element Windkessel "lumped" model of the circulation. Regional arterial dynamics were assessed by pulse-wave velocities and local reflection coefficients. Systemic arterial compliance was similarly decreased with elevated pressure in both groups but was significantly more reduced for the hypertensive group compared with control animals at control (0.49 +/- 0.16 vs. 0.96 +/- 0.09 ml/mm Hg; p less than 0.05) and acutely lowered arterial pressure (0.62 +/- 0.26 vs. 1.41 +/- 0.24 ml/mm Hg, respectively). Changes in compliance were paralleled by differences in effective arterial elastance derived from cineventriculographic pressure-volume ratios. Regional foot-foot and apparent phase pulse-wave velocities were significantly increased for distal aortic segments of the hypertensive animals during elevated pressures compared with controls (cff, 17.5 +/- 7.5 vs. 8.7 +/- 3.0 m/sec; p less than 0.05). Histology of the aorta revealed significant increases in collagen content (microgram/mg dry wt) from proximal to distal aortic segments (27 +/- 2 vs. 38 +/- 6; p less than 0.005) in hypertensive animals but not in controls (27 +/- 2 vs. 32 +/- 6; NS). With pharmacological normalization of systemic arterial pressures, hypertensive baboons developed aortic wave speeds similar to controls but manifested significantly reduced compliance compared with controls. In contrast, with acute elevations of pressure, systemic arterial aortic compliances were similar for both groups, but distal pulse-wave velocities were significantly increased for hypertensive animals compared with controls. We conclude that measures of ventricular/vascular coupling and arterial dynamics are determined by both the level of arterial pressure and the physical characteristics of the cardiovascular system in chronic systemic hypertension and pressure overload ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 3168181 TI - Coronary pressure-function and steady-state pressure-flow relations during autoregulation in the unanesthetized dog. AB - The present study was intended to define the interrelation among endocardial flow, endocardial function, and coronary arterial pressure during spontaneous autoregulation in the left ventricle of chronically instrumented unanesthetized dogs. Steady-state sonomicrometric measurements of regional function and epicardial coronary artery pressure were used to determine the lower pressure limit of endocardial autoregulation while global indexes of myocardial demand remained constant. Transmural wall thickening in the circumflex bed remained unchanged (+/- 5% of control values) until coronary pressure fell below 39 +/- 5.6 (SD) mm Hg. Endocardial segment shortening was similarly constant until coronary pressure fell below 42 +/- 7.4 mm Hg. There was no significant change in endocardial flow as coronary pressure was reduced over the autoregulatory plateau from 84 to 49 mm Hg (1.05-0.99 ml/min/g, p = NS). Below the critical pressure limits, small additional reductions in pressure were associated with marked reductions in both endocardial flow and function. The coronary pressure-function relation was linear as well as steep in this range for both wall thickening (r = 0.94 +/- 0.05) and segment shortening (r = 0.96 +/- 0.03). Although the relation between endocardial flow and function showed more variability than pressure function relations at low pressures, wall thickening reductions and endocardial flow reductions related on a nearly one-to-one basis. The present study establishes that the coronary pressure-function relation can be used to define the lower limit of endocardial autoregulation. It also indicates that the lower pressure limit of endocardial autoregulation is considerably less than in anesthetized animals (40 vs. 70 mm Hg) and that steady-state flow above this limit is controlled more tightly. Although these differences may relate to systemic hemodynamics, it seems likely that general anesthesia and/or acute surgical instrumentation alter coronary autoregulation under at least some experimental circumstances. PMID- 3168183 TI - Automatic and triggered impulse initiation in canine subepicardial ventricular muscle cells from border zones of 24-hour transmural infarcts. New mechanisms for malignant cardiac arrhythmias? AB - With standard microelectrode techniques, electrical activity of cells in the epicardial border zones of infarcts in the canine heart were studied. Either automaticity or triggered activity (or both) occurred in each of the 12 preparations studied from 24-hour infarcts. One 24-hour preparation had continuous activity indistinguishable from low-potential (abnormal) automaticity. This automaticity was not effected by flecainide 1-5 mg/l. Two other 24-hour subepicardial muscle preparations also were automatic. However, nine preparations from the subepicardium were not automatic during superfusion with standard Tyrode's solution. Delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) and triggered activity could be induced in all of these preparations by treatment with catecholamines. The amplitude of these DADs was directly related to the stimulus rate of the train of impulses used to elicit them, and their coupling interval was inversely related to this rate of stimulation. Triggered activity occurred from maximal diastolic potentials of -58 to -88 mV in the 24-hour infarct zone preparations. In seven preparations from 72-96-hour infarct zones, the epicardial muscle cells did not show triggered activity after treatment with catecholamines. In one preparation from a 72-hour infarct, however, 3-5-mV DADs occurred. No DADs or triggered impulses occurred in subepicardial muscle from normal, noninfarcted hearts. Thus, triggered impulses and low-potential automaticity could contribute to arrhythmias occurring in the canine heart 24 hours after coronary ligation. PMID- 3168182 TI - Scintigraphic and electrophysiological evidence of canine myocardial sympathetic denervation and reinnervation produced by myocardial infarction or phenol application. AB - Epicardial phenol application or transmural myocardial infarction in dogs produces sympathetic denervation of myocardium apical to the site of the intervention. Because efferent denervation is probably postganglionic, reinnervation most likely occurs but has not been shown. We investigated whether 123I-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), a norepinephrine analogue taken up by sympathetic nerve terminals, could provide a scintigraphic image that would detect apical sympathetic denervation and possible reinnervation. Dogs underwent MIBG scintigraphic imaging at various times after phenol application or transmural myocardial infarction. The results of MIBG scintigraphy were correlated with electrophysiological responses obtained during ansae subclaviae and norepinephrine stimulation to establish the presence of neural denervation and reinnervation. Apical defects in the MIBG scan, which were associated with either normal perfusion by thallium or a smaller-sized defect, were found consistently in dogs that had apical sympathetic innervation. MIBG scintigraphic images returned to normal after 14 weeks (mean) at a time when reinnervation was shown to have occurred. Thus, the results of MIBG scintigraphy correlated accurately with the presence of denervation and reinnervation established by neuroelectrophysiological testing. Supersensitive refractory period shortening in response to norepinephrine infusion was present after denervation and persisted for more than 3 weeks after scintigraphic and electrophysiological evidence of reinnervation. Conclusions are that 1) MIBG can be used noninvasively to determine the presence of regional myocardial efferent sympathetic denervation and subsequent reinnervation, 2) reinnervation occurs after phenol application or transmural myocardial infarction, and 3) denervation supersensitivity persists even after reinnervation occurs. PMID- 3168184 TI - 111In-labeled platelet scintigraphy and two-dimensional echocardiography for detection of left atrial appendage thrombi. Studies in a new canine model. AB - 111In-labeled platelet scintigraphy and two-dimensional echocardiography were performed in 40 dogs to determine the ability of the two techniques to detect left atrial appendage thrombi. Thrombi were induced in 33 dogs that were classified into two groups, "acute" or "chronic," according to the time of labeled-platelet injection after thrombus induction. In the acute group (17 dogs), platelets were injected 24 hours after thrombus induction. In the chronic group (16 dogs), platelets were injected 4-8 days after thrombus induction. "Sham" thoracotomies were performed on seven additional control dogs who did not receive thrombin injections. Analog and blood pool-corrected 111In-labeled platelet scintigraphy images were obtained 4-72 hours later. Closed-chest two dimensional echocardiography was performed before thoracotomy and repeated at the time of scintigraphy. The location and size of each thrombus were verified at autopsy. Two-dimensional echocardiography detected three of 17 acute (mean volume, 1.2 +/- 1.0 cc) and three of 10 chronic (mean volume, 0.4 +/- 0.3 cc; p less than 0.025) left atrial appendage thrombi. 111In-labeled platelet scintigraphy detected all 17 acute thrombi but only two of 10 chronic thrombi. The measured radioactivity levels of the excised thrombi were 1,949 +/- 1,665 cpm/clot/dose in group 1 and 228 +/- 213 cpm/clot/dose in group 2 (p less than 0.005). In this model, 111In-labeled platelet scintigraphy was able to detect acute left atrial appendage thrombi that could not be identified by two dimensional echocardiography. Both techniques showed poor sensitivity for detection of chronic thrombi. The decline in sensitivity of 111In-labeled platelet scintigraphy for detection of older thrombi is probably due to diminished labeled-platelet incorporation. PMID- 3168185 TI - The Dickinson W. Richards lecture. New concepts in assessing cardiovascular function. AB - The primary role of the heart is to provide energy for the circulatory transport of oxygen (O2) to cells at rates commensurate with their metabolic activity. At rest, even a "sick" heart may be capable of transporting O2 adequately. But during exercise, the increase in O2 required by muscle cells demands that their blood flow be increased. The supply of O2 needed to meet the O2 requirement for muscle mitochondrial high-energy phosphate generation during exercise is a critical function of the circulation. Thus, the adequacy of cardiovascular function can be estimated, noninvasively, from the pattern of O2 uptake in response to an exercise stimulus. While arterial O2 tension (PaO2) is dependent on pulmonary function (except for intracardiac right-to-left shunt), the mass transfer of O2 (VO2) between the cells and lungs depends on pulmonary blood flow (i.e., cardiac output) and O2 concentration difference between the pulmonary arterial and pulmonary venous blood, C(a-v)O2 (Fick principle). Thus, VO2 in the first 15 seconds of exercise can be used to describe the initial increase in pulmonary blood flow and stroke volume, while the subsequent rise in VO2 results from the further increase in VO2 in response to work rate increase are used to detect circulatory disturbances. Also, the rate of CO2 output (VCO2) has been valuable in the assessment of cardiovascular function when related to VO2. Inadequate O2 availability results in anaerobic metabolism, causing increased muscle lactic acid production. At the pH of cell water, most of the hydrogen ions produced with lactate are buffered by bicarbonate. The CO2 generated by the buffering reaction (22 ml for each milliequivalent) causes a net increase in VCO2 relative to VO2 at the work rate at which buffering begins. This provides a useful estimate of the anaerobic threshold. Thus, study of the dynamic coupling of external to cellular respiration during a work rate stimulus provides valuable, direct, and noninvasive information about cardiovascular mechanisms in health and disease. PMID- 3168186 TI - Baroreflex impairment and sudden death after myocardial infarction. PMID- 3168187 TI - Physiological valvular regurgitation. Doppler echocardiography and the potential for iatrogenic heart disease. PMID- 3168188 TI - Doppler evaluation of results of percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty in calcific aortic stenosis. AB - To evaluate the short-term results of percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty, 55 consecutive elderly patients with symptomatic, severe aortic stenosis who were at high risk for surgical intervention underwent the procedure, with follow-up by clinical evaluation and Doppler echocardiography. Over a mean follow-up of 6.2 months, there were three early deaths (less than 30 days) and eight late deaths. Nine patients underwent subsequent aortic valve surgery, and four had repeat balloon valvuloplasty. Doppler echocardiography revealed a reduction in aortic valve mean gradient from 48 +/- 18 to 33 +/- 12 mm Hg after the procedure (p less than 0.0001) but a return to 46 +/- 16 mm Hg at follow-up (p less than 0.05). The aortic valve area increased from 0.54 +/- 0.15 to 0.85 +/- 0.23 cm2 after the procedure (p less than 0.0001), but there was a significant decrease to 0.67 +/- 0.19 cm2 at follow-up (p less than 0.05). Of patients free of aortic valve operation or death after 30 days after the procedure, 76% were severely symptomatic before the procedure as compared with 38% at follow-up. In patients undergoing percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty, there is a continued high short-term mortality and a significant incidence of restenosis over short-term follow-up. Nonetheless, a subset of patients do experience sustained clinical improvement from this procedure. PMID- 3168189 TI - Catheter ablation of accessory pathways with a direct approach. Results in 35 patients. AB - Thirty-five consecutive patients with an overt accessory pathway, all but two suffering from arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation, reciprocating tachycardia, or both), underwent attempted transcatheter ablation (fulguration) of their accessory pathway. Thirty-three patients had been treated with a mean of 2.3 +/- 1.4 antiarrhythmic drugs. A standard bipolar catheter was positioned on the internal surface of the right or left atrioventricular anulus with 1) a subclavian approach of the right cardiac cavities in 29 patients with right-sided accessory pathway (n = 27) or left posteroseptal accessory pathway (n = 2), 2) a patent foramen ovale in five patients (two with a left posterolateral accessory pathway and three with a left parietal accessory pathway), and a transseptal catheterism (one patient with a left parietal accessory pathway). Cathodic shocks (mean, 4.3 shocks/patient) with a mean cumulative energy of 690 J enabled the ablation (disappearance of both anterograde and retrograde conduction) of the accessory pathway in 32 patients with a follow-up ranging from 1 to 32 months (mean, 10 +/- 8 months). Two of the remaining three accessory pathways were impaired: one pathway became intermittent, the anterograde effective refractory period of the second pathway increased from 260 to 410 msec, and the third pathway was slightly impaired. This latter patient is the only one who still requires therapy, with a single antiarrhythmic drug. All others are free of arrhythmias and require no therapy. Not using coronary sinus catheterism inclusive of its os has led to only a few, benign side effects. Only one third degree atrioventricular block occurred in a posteroseptal accessory pathway ablation. Three cases of patients with incessant reciprocating tachycardia involving a further successful ablation occurred at the beginning of our experience. The best area for ablation is, in our opinion, the recording site for the Kent-bundle activity (18 of 35 patients), but a meticulous mapping of the atrioventricular anulus during orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia makes ablation possible when the shortest ventriculoatrial time (V-A') can be recorded with reliability (mean, 85 +/- 18 msec). Such a procedure is an alternative to surgical ablation regardless of the location of the accessory pathway--not only posteroseptally. PMID- 3168191 TI - Random exercise stress test in diagnosing effort angina. AB - To improve the performance of exercise stress testing in the diagnosis of effort angina while minimizing risks of serious complications, we evaluated an impulse response of ST changes, which is a transient ST response resulting from a hypothetical, strenuous-impulselike exercise, without actually imposing the strenuous load. To obtain the impulse response, subjects walked intermittently according to a computer-generated random binary sequence on a treadmill for 20 minutes (with a constant speed of 1.7 mph and a slope of 10%). We used Fourier transform for beat-to-beat changes in ST level and the binary sequence of exercise. We then determined the transfer function by taking the ratio of Fourier transformed ST level to exercise over the frequency range of 0.5 through 5.0 cycles/min. Converting the transfer function to the time domain yielded the impulse response of ST change. The subjects consisted of 49 patients (60 +/- 9 years) with effort angina, 13 patients with atypical chest pain (56 +/- 9 years), and 30 healthy, male volunteers (23 +/- 7 years). In 82 subjects (89%), the ST impulse response showed an initial depression followed by a smooth, gradual restoration toward the preexercise ST level (type I response). The average duration of the initial depression was 8 +/- 3 seconds in the healthy volunteers, whereas it was significantly prolonged to 23 +/- 14 seconds in effort angina (p less than 0.05). The depression in patients with atypical chest pain was not significantly different from that in the healthy volunteers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3168192 TI - Transesophageal two-dimensional echocardiography and color Doppler flow velocity mapping in the evaluation of cardiac valve prostheses. AB - To determine the value of transesophageal ultrasound in the assessment of cardiac valve prostheses, 14 patients with clinically suspected mitral prosthesis malfunction were studied by transthoracic and transesophageal two-dimensional imaging as well as by color Doppler flow velocity mapping (color Doppler). Patients underwent left ventricular angiography (n = 13), surgery (n = 11), or both angiography and surgery (n = 10). Nine patients had only mitral valve replacement, four patients had both mitral and aortic valve replacement, and one patient had mitral, aortic, and tricuspid valve replacement. There were 16 biological and four mechanical prostheses. The degree of mitral regurgitation was graded by both transthoracic and transesophageal color Doppler according to the area of the regurgitant jet visualized and was compared with a three-point classification of mitral regurgitation by left ventricular angiography judged by observers blinded to the echocardiographic results. All transesophageal studies were performed without complication and were well tolerated. The pathological morphology of the mitral prosthesis was additionally or more clearly visualized by transesophageal two-dimensional imaging and subsequently proven at surgery in three patients with flail leaflets and one patient with a vegetation compared with images obtained by the transthoracic approach. Valvular regurgitation was graded by the transthoracic approach as absent in four patients, mild in two patients, moderate in five patients, and severe in only three patients. The transesophageal assessment showed absence of mitral regurgitation in two patients, moderate regurgitation in two patients, and severe regurgitation in 10 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3168190 TI - Baroreflex sensitivity, clinical correlates, and cardiovascular mortality among patients with a first myocardial infarction. A prospective study. AB - Experimental studies have shown that among dogs with a healed myocardial infarction, depressed baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) identifies a subgroup at higher risk for sudden death. We have examined the relation among BRS, several clinical cardiovascular variables, and subsequent mortality in 78 patients below the age of 65 years who have had a first myocardial infarction. BRS was assessed by calculating the regression line relating phenylephrine-induced increases in systolic blood pressure to the attendant changes in the RR interval. A reduced BRS primarily reflects an impairment in the vagal efferent component of the baroreceptor reflexes. The BRS of the entire population was 7.8 +/- 4.9 msec/mm Hg. BRS was lower among patients with an inferior myocardial infarction (6.1 +/- 3.3 vs. 8.9 +/- 5.8 msec/mm Hg, p = 0.03), with a three- versus a one-vessel disease (4.8 +/- 2.7 vs. 7.1 +/- 3.1 msec/mm Hg, p = 0.04), and with episodes of ventricular tachycardia (5.1 +/- 3.0 vs. 8.3 +/- 5.1, p = 0.03). There was no correlation between BRS and left ventricular ejection fraction or with mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at peak exercise, but a correlation (r = 0.35, p less than 0.001) was present with exercise tolerance. During the 24 months mean follow-up period, there were six cardiovascular deaths (7.6%), and four were sudden.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3168193 TI - Quantitative analysis of regional systolic function with left ventricular aneurysm. AB - Left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) remains a poorly understood entity, often resulting in congestive failure that is not consistently improved by standard resection with linear closure. Although other surgical approaches have been proposed, current methods to assess their effect on left ventricular function are not adequate. The purpose of the present study was to quantitatively define regional systolic function in patients with LVA and to assess acute changes in regional function after standard repair. Seven patients underwent resection of an anteroapical LVA. Intraoperative two-dimensional echocardiography was performed off cardiopulmonary bypass immediately before and after resection. In all patients, short-axis views at the papillary muscle (apex) level showed anteroseptal paradox and distorted geometry, whereas at the mitral valve (base), symmetric wall motion and geometry were preserved. Videotaped echo images were divided into octants by a floating axis fitted to internal landmarks. Myocardial area and midwall perimeter were obtained for each octant, and wall thickness was calculated at end diastole (ED), isovolumetric systole (IS), and end systole (ES). Wall thickening (delta t) for each segment was calculated as the percent increase in thickness from ED and averaged for all seven patients. At the apex level before resection, isovolumetric thinning occurred in the aneurysm as well as bordering segments, with delta t ranging from -17 +/- 5% (+/- SEM) in the anteroseptal segment to 12 +/- 6% posterolaterally (p less than 0.05). The isovolumetric bulge was followed by late-systolic thickening, however, with delta t ranging from 13 +/- 7% to 27 +/- 8% (NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3168194 TI - Electrophysiological effects and clinical efficacy of propafenone in children with recurrent paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. AB - Twenty-four patients aged 10.1 +/- 4.5 (mean +/- SD) years with recurrent paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia underwent an electrophysiological study. Eleven patients had an overt and seven had a concealed accessory connection; six patients had no accessory connection. An orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia was inducible in 17 of 18 patients with an accessory connection, and an atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia was inducible in four of six patients without accessory connection. After administration of propafenone, the sinus cycle length decreased. Intra-arterial, intranodal, and His-ventricle intervals and QRS duration increased. The atrial and ventricular effective refractory periods and anterograde and retrograde effective refractory periods of the atrioventricular node increased. The cycle length at which nodal second degree block occurred increased. Of 18 patients with accessory connection, propafenone prolonged retrograde conduction in all, blocked anterograde conduction in five, and prolonged it in six. The drug terminated the orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia in all 17 patients and the atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in three of four patients. In three of four patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and in 15 of 17 patients with orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia, the tachycardia was no longer inducible or nonsustained after propafenone. A follow-up of 26 +/- 10 months revealed that the drug when orally administered to all patients prevented recurrences of tachycardia in 15 of 18 patients with and in four of six patients without accessory connection. The results of short-term drug testing with propafenone predict the response to long-term oral therapy with this drug. PMID- 3168195 TI - Fate of pulmonary artery after anatomic correction of simple transposition of great arteries in newborn infants. AB - From April 1984 to April 1987, surgical anatomic correction was performed in 86 newborn infants, 2-23 days old (6.8 +/- 3.6 days, mean +/- SD) with simple transposition of the great arteries. In all patients, the pulmonary artery was reconstructed by end-to-end anastomosis according to the Lecompte maneuver, including eight patients with side-by-side position of the great arteries. Three different approaches were used. In the first 10 patients (group 1, six survivors), two separate patches of preserved tanned pericardium were used to reconstruct the pulmonary artery, whereas in the next 15 patients (group 2, 13 survivors), a single patch of the same material was used, and in the last 61 patients (group 3, 56 survivors), surgery was performed with a single patch of fresh autologous pericardium. Among the 75 survivors, 68 (including six in group 1, 12 in group 2, and 50 in group 3) were followed serially for at least 6 months (6-48 months, 26 +/- 9 months) with sequential noninvasive evaluations. At follow up, all were asymptomatic with normal growth. Two patients with severe pulmonary artery stenosis (group 1) were successfully reoperated on. Four infants with moderate pulmonary artery stenosis have been followed medically and have had stable right ventricular pressures. The last 62 patients have normal or near normal right ventricular pressures. The spatial relation of the great arteries did not affect the quality of the results. Group 1 had clearly the worst results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3168196 TI - Prognostic importance of myocardial ischemia detected by ambulatory monitoring in patients with stable coronary artery disease. AB - To assess the relations of electrocardiographic measures of ischemia with the development of adverse coronary events, 86 patients with stable coronary artery disease and positive exercise tests for myocardial ischemia underwent ambulatory monitoring of the electrocardiogram. Monitoring was performed after withdrawal of antianginal medications, and prospective follow-up was obtained on routine medical care as prescribed by physicians who were unaware of monitor results. Forty-nine patients (57%) had a total of 426 episodes of ST segment depression; only 60 episodes (14%) were associated with symptoms of angina or an equivalent. During a mean follow-up of 12.5 +/- 7.5 months, there were two cardiac deaths, four myocardial infarctions, four hospitalizations for unstable angina, and 11 revascularization procedures required for new or worsening symptoms in 15 patients. All but one of these events (a hospitalization for unstable angina) occurred in the group of patients with ST segment depression on monitoring (p = 0.003). In multivariate analysis controlling for age, sex, and clinical descriptions of angina, the presence of ischemia on ambulatory monitoring was a significant predictor of outcome, while exercise test characteristics were not. Therefore, ischemia detected by ambulatory monitoring was common in patients with stable symptoms of coronary artery disease, and its presence identified a high risk group for the development of subsequent unfavorable outcomes while on routine medical therapies. PMID- 3168197 TI - Spontaneous compared with induced onset of sustained ventricular tachycardia. AB - Electrophysiological characteristics of the modes of initiation of 16 episodes of spontaneously occurring sustained ventricular tachycardia recorded in 16 patients by two-channel ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring were compared with the characteristics of ventricular tachycardia induced by programmed electrical stimulation. Eleven episodes of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia began after a single ventricular premature depolarization (VPD), three episodes after two VPDs, and two episodes after five VPDs. By comparison, only four episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia were induced with a single VPD. Each episode of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia was initiated by a late coupled VPD (RR':QT ratio greater than 1.0). The VPD was often morphologically similar to the ensuing ventricular tachycardia (eight of 11 episodes that began after a single VPD). No correlation was found between the modes of initiation of spontaneous and induced ventricular tachycardia. We hypothesize that concealed decremental slow conduction, reflected in the long coupling intervals of VPDs initiating ventricular tachycardia, is of critical importance in initiating ventricular tachycardia. We conclude that major differences exist in the timing and number of VPDs associated with the onsets of spontaneous and induced sustained ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 3168198 TI - Subsidiary pacemaker function in complete heart block after His-bundle ablation. AB - To investigate the electrophysiological properties of ventricular impulse formation after His-bundle ablation in 11 patients, incremental ventricular overdrive stimulation studies were performed. The studies, which were spread over a follow-up period of up to 601 days, were carried out invasively with temporary leads as well as noninvasively with the implanted pacemakers and chest wall inhibition. The overdrive pacing rate was increased in steps of 10 beats/min, and the pacing duration was 2 minutes at each level. Ten out of 11 patients had a reliable ventricular escape rhythm; in the remaining patient, consistently no subsidiary pacemaker function was observed up to 10 seconds. In 83% of the studies, incremental ventricular overdrive stimulation caused progressive suppression of ventricular impulse formation with exponential increase in ventricular recovery time and progressive postrecovery subsidiary pacemaker depression. In the remaining 17%, ventricular recovery time showed a heterogeneous response to overdrive stimulation--as possible cause alterations in the sympathetic tone and limitations attributable to the method used are discussed. The results of this study demonstrate a rate-dependent overdrive suppression of subsidiary ventricular pacemaker tissue. This can be of clinical importance in patients with complete heart block and rate-adaptive pacemakers because sudden pacemaker failure or temporary pacemaker inhibition at high stimulation rates may cause Stokes-Adams attacks not reproducible at lower pacing rates. PMID- 3168199 TI - Autonomic mechanisms and sudden death. New insights from analysis of baroreceptor reflexes in conscious dogs with and without a myocardial infarction. AB - We have suggested that among conscious dogs with a healed anterior wall myocardial infarction (MI) a depressed baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) carries a higher risk of developing ventricular fibrillation during a brief ischemic episode associated with an exercise stress test. The clinical and pathophysiological implications of our previous findings prompted the present study, which addressed three major questions: 1) Is, indeed, analysis of BRS after MI a specific and sensitive marker for sudden death-risk stratification? 2) Does MI modify BRS? 3) Does analysis of BRS before MI provide information about outcome during ischemic episodes occurring after MI? An anterior MI was produced in 301 dogs, and 4 weeks later, a 2-minute circumflex coronary artery occlusion beginning during the last minute of an exercise stress test could be performed in 192 animals. Ventricular fibrillation occurred in 106 (55%) dogs (susceptible to sudden death), whereas 86 (45%) dogs (resistant to sudden death) survived. BRS was assessed by the phenylephrine method and was expressed by the regression line relating RR intervals to blood-pressure changes. BRS was significantly lower among susceptible than among resistant dogs (9.1 +/- 6.0 vs. 17.7 +/- 6.5 msec/mm Hg, p less than 0.0001). The risk for sudden death increased from 20% (15 of 73 dogs) for a BRS greater than 15 msec/mm Hg to 91% (62 of 68 dogs) for a BRS less than 9 msec/mm Hg (p less than 0.001). An internal control study in 55 animals showed that BRS was reduced 4 weeks after MI compared with control conditions (13.5 +/- 6.7 vs. 17.8 +/- 6.6 msec/mm Hg, p less than 0.001) and that a reduction occurred in 73% of animals. Susceptible dogs and those that spontaneously died after MI had a lower BRS even before the MI (16.2 +/- 5.9 vs. 22.2 +/- 6.2 msec/mm Hg, p less than 0.001). The risk for sudden death after MI increased from 35% (nine of 26 dogs) for a BRS before MI greater than 20 msec/mm Hg to 85% (17 of 20 dogs) for a BRS before MI less than 14 msec/mm Hg (p less than 0.001). This study demonstrates that the presence of a reduced BRS is associated with a greater susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation during subsequent ischemic episodes. In the majority of dogs, BRS is reduced after an MI. The results in 192 conscious dogs with a healed MI indicate that analysis of BRS is a powerful tool for risk stratification not only after, but even before, the occurrence of an MI. PMID- 3168200 TI - Inaccuracy of mitral pressure half-time immediately after percutaneous mitral valvotomy. Dependence on transmitral gradient and left atrial and ventricular compliance. AB - Mitral pressure half-time (T1/2) is widely used as an independent measure of mitral valve area in patients undergoing percutaneous mitral valvotomy. However, fluid dynamics theory predicts T1/2 to be strongly dependent on chamber compliance and the peak transmitral gradient, which are variables that change dramatically with valvotomy. These theoretical predictions were tested in an in vitro model of the left heart where valve area, chamber compliance, and initial gradient were independently adjusted. Measured T1/2 was observed to vary inversely with orifice area and directly with net chamber compliance and the square root of the initial pressure gradient. Theoretical predictions of T1/2 agreed with observed values with r = 0.998. To test this theory in vivo, the hemodynamic tracings of 18 patients undergoing mitral valvotomy were reviewed. Predictions were made for T1/2 assuming dependence only on valve area; these showed some correlations before valvotomy (r = 0.48-0.64, p less than 0.05) but none after valvotomy (r = 0.05-0.28, p = NS). Predictions for T1/2 based on the theoretical derivation (and thus including compliance and pressure in their calculation) were much better: before valvotomy, r = 0.93-0.96, p less than 0.0001; after valvotomy, r = 0.52-0.66, p less than 0.05. These data indicate that T1/2 is not an independent inverse measure of mitral valve area but is also directly proportional to net chamber compliance and the square root of the initial transmitral gradient. These other factors render T1/2 an unreliable measure of mitral valve area in the setting of acute mitral valvotomy. PMID- 3168202 TI - Abstracts from the 61st scientific sessions. American Heart Association. Washington, DC, November 14-17, 1988. PMID- 3168201 TI - Postsystolic shortening of acutely ischemic canine myocardium predicts early and late recovery of function after coronary artery reperfusion. AB - Postsystolic shortening and thickening of ischemic and postischemic myocardium are well-recognized phenomena, but their significance is controversial. To discover whether postsystolic shortening and thickening might represent an active process and to establish their place as possible predictors of functional recovery during and after recovery from ischemia, we examined correlations in severely ischemic dyskinetic myocardial segments in 14 open-chest anesthetized dogs (90 minutes' ischemia, n = 9; 180 minutes' ischemia, n = 5) between the magnitudes of postsystolic shortening and thickening during ischemia and either the magnitudes of systolic shortening and thickening in the same segments before coronary occlusion or the magnitudes of shortening and thickening at 30-60 minutes and at 2-3 weeks after reperfusion. We found positive correlations between preocclusion shortening and postsystolic shortening (r = 0.44, n = 33 myocardial segments; p less than 0.02) and between preocclusion thickening and postsystolic thickening (r = 0.73, n = 13 segments; p less than 0.01), both measured at 5 minutes after onset of ischemia. Strong correlations were found also between postsystolic shortening and thickening measured immediately before reperfusion and systolic shortening and thickening measured after recovery at 2-3 weeks (r = 0.73, n = 28; p less than 0.001 for shortening; r = 0.79, n = 12; p less than 0.01 for thickening). Significant but less-exact correlations were found between postsystolic shortening and thickening measured immediately before reperfusion and early recovery of shortening and thickening at 30-60 minutes after reperfusion (during the "stunned myocardium" period). Postsystolic shortening and thickening persisted early after reperfusion in dogs that had had 90 minutes of ischemia, and this predicted further significant return of function at 2-3 weeks. However, dogs that had had 180 minutes of ischemia did not have postsystolic shortening or thickening during early recovery and showed no further return of function at 2-3 weeks. The magnitudes of postsystolic shortening and thickening immediately before reperfusion were better predictors of late return of function than the histological appearance of the ischemic segments at 2-3 weeks or the magnitude of their blood flow during ischemia (15 +/- 3 micron microspheres). From correlations made immediately before reperfusion with those at functional recovery after reperfusion, we conclude that postsystolic shortening and thickening of dyskinetic myocardial segments are markers of their potential for recovery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3168203 TI - Nutritional status of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Nutritional status may be an important factor in the prognosis of morbidity and mortality. We assessed the nutritional status of individuals seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (as confirmed by Western blot) and of patients with AIDS, by determining the concentration in serum of total protein, albumin, prealbumin (transthyretin), and retinol-binding protein. HIV-seropositive individuals showed no significant difference from normal volunteers in values for prealbumin, albumin, and retinol-binding protein. Patients with AIDS showed significantly smaller prealbumin and albumin concentrations than did normal and HIV-positive individuals. There was no significant difference in the concentration of retinol-binding protein among the three groups. The concentration of total serum protein was significantly greater in HIV-positive individuals and in patients with AIDS than in normal individuals. Thus, the nutritional status of patients with AIDS may be a factor for morbidity and mortality. PMID- 3168204 TI - Diagnostic efficiency of four lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-1 ratios in serum after myocardial infarction. AB - We compared the diagnostic efficacy of the ratios LD-1/LD-2, LD-1/LD-3, LD-1/LD 4, and LD-1/LD-5 in 69 documented cases of myocardial infarction. We used 149 patients with congestive heart failure and 67 patients with nonmyocardial infarct as controls. We used a computer program to produce receiver-operating characteristic curves, decision threshold plots, and likelihood ratios for these LD ratios at 6-h intervals up to 108 h after the onset of chest pain or hospital admission. All ratios in the myocardial infarction cases peaked around 36 h after the onset of chest pain, while those for the nonmyocardial and congestive cardiac failure cases did not change over the 108-h period. In all patients with infarctions, LD-1/LD-4 and LD-1/LD-5 increased by 1.7 times (when LD-1 was less than 40%) and 3.4 times (when LD-1 was greater than 40%), respectively, over control values. Optimum decision threshold values were obtained at 13-24 h (LD 1/LD-5), 31-36 h (LD-1/LD-4 and LD-1/LD-3), and 55-60 h (LD-1/LD-2) after onset of symptoms. The highest likelihood ratio was obtained with the LD-1/LD-4 ratio; therefore, we suggest that this is a better diagnostic test for myocardial infarction than LD-1/LD-2. PMID- 3168205 TI - Rate and delta checks compared for selected chemistry tests. AB - We compared delta and "rate" check methods for 12 selected chemistry tests. Rate checks were determined by dividing delta checks by inter-specimen interval time. The delta and rate check methods were based on differences and percent change of untransformed and absolute value-transformed values. The distribution of delta differences was not symmetrical for calcium, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, or phosphorus, which led to different check limits between untransformed and absolute value-transformed methods. The dispersion of rate checks was large. The interval time between two consecutive tests was multimodal, which probably reflected adherence to fixed testing protocols. PMID- 3168206 TI - An automated approach to characterize, in simple kinetic terms, the generation and inactivation of thrombin and the interaction of fibrinogen with thrombin. AB - Here, we used a fully automated, computer-directed centrifugal analyzer (which permitted simultaneous turbidimetry and calculation of results) and purified thrombin, fibrinogen, and various inhibitors to study clot formation. The Km and Vm for these reactions were useful in detecting and partly characterizing anticoagulants. We also explored the generation and inactivation of thrombin, using the two-stage prothrombin time and antithrombin activity tests. The amount of thrombin instantaneously generated and inactivated was monitored under artificially created pathological conditions. The pseudo-first-order rate constant for thrombin generation and inactivation and the instantaneous concentration of enzymatically active and inactive thrombin were used in the characterization of these conditions. We believe this approach is suitable for routine clinical use. PMID- 3168207 TI - Detection frequency by thin-layer chromatography of phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid with clinically functional pulmonary surfactant. AB - Densitometric lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios (LSR) and the presence of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) were determined for 735 consecutively received amniotic fluids. Of the 371 fluids with "mature" LSR between 2.0 and 4.5, more than one third lacked detectable PG. Clinical outcomes for the 305 of the total group that were delivered within 72 h of sampling were also determined. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) did not occur in the 239 cases with LSR greater than or equal to 2.0, even when, as in 43 instances, PG was not detected. When the LSR was greater than or equal to 2.0, transient tachypnea was more prevalent in the absence of detectable PG (PG detected, 3% transient tachypnea; PG undetected, 16% transient tachypnea). Of the 103 cases where PG was undetected, 58% exhibited no respiratory problems. Even in the 60 cases where the LSR was less than 2.0 and PG was not detected, 42% of the cases were free of respiratory problems. RDS did not occur in any case where PG was detected, even in the six where the LSR was less than 2.0. We evaluate these results in light of various contradictory reports in the literature. PMID- 3168208 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of CA-125 in serum of patients with endometriosis: efficacy in diagnosis. AB - We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify CA-125, a cancer antigen, in serum of patients with endometriosis. Concentrations of CA-125 in 103 patients with untreated endometriosis significantly (P less than 0.005) exceeded those for 31 controls with no evidence of disease: 9.1 (SD 12.3) vs 2.2 (SD 3.2) arb. units/mL. Values for patients with treated endometriosis were lower (2.3, SD 2.6, arb. units/mL, n = 9) than those for patients with untreated endometriosis. The mean concentrations of CA-125 in different stages of untreated endometriosis were 4.8 (SD 4.5), 7.1 (SD 9.9), 9.8 (SD 13.2), and 10.8 (SD 13.0) arb. units/mL for Stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The differences between controls and each stage were statistically significant (for all stages: P less than 0.05). We also assayed serum sampled from controls and patients with untreated endometriosis during menstruation (Group A) and during nonmenstruation (Group B). The efficacy of the present assay for concentrations of CA-125 in serum of patients with endometriosis was greater for Group B than for Group A. Evidently, determination of CA-125 in serum by the present assay may assist in such diagnosis. PMID- 3168209 TI - Non-resolving jaundice: bilirubin covalently attached to serum albumin circulates with the same metabolic half-life as albumin. AB - In hepatobiliary disease and biliary obstruction, bilirubin often becomes covalently bound to albumin circulating in serum, producing a nondissociable complex. To determine how long this complexed bilirubin remains in the circulation, we compared the metabolic clearance of bilirubin-albumin complexes with the clearances of free bilirubin and unmodified albumin. Radiolabeled bilirubin, albumin, and covalent bilirubin-albumin were injected into the circulation of Sprague-Dawley rats and serial samples of plasma were analyzed for the injected compounds. The half-life of bilirubin was 6.2 min. The half-life of bilirubin covalently bound to rat serum albumin was 1.9 to 2.1 days, identical to that of unmodified rat albumin. We conclude that bilirubin covalently attached to albumin is maintained in the circulation with the long half-life of albumin rather than the short half-life of bilirubin. Because albumin in humans has a half-life of 19 days, covalent attachment of bilirubin to human albumin could result in persistence of hyperbilirubinemia long after the resolution of disease. PMID- 3168210 TI - Multicenter evaluation of human placental alkaline phosphatase as a possible tumor-associated antigen in serum. AB - Using a solid-phase monoclonal antibody enzyme immuno-assay, we evaluated in a multicenter study (18 laboratories) the utility of evaluating catalytic activity of human placental alkaline phosphatase (hPLAP, EC 3.1.3.1) in serum as a potential tumor marker. We determined hPLAP in serum samples from 130 patients with ovarian cancer, 79 patients with testicular cancer (53 seminoma testis, 26 nonseminoma testis), 537 patients with various other malignant diseases (95 lung, 39 gastrointestinal, 195 breast, 208 others), 291 patients with benign diseases, and 213 healthy controls. To assess the influence of smoking on hPLAP activity in serum, we evaluated 79 serum samples from patients with noncancerous diseases for whom smoking habits had been recorded. Our main findings are: (a) hPLAP activity is frequently increased (greater than 100 mU/L) in pre-operative serum samples from ovarian cancer patients (49%) and from testicular cancer patients (59% overall; 72% seminoma, 35% nonseminoma); (b) heavy smoking may increase hPLAP activity; (c) excluding heavy smokers, a 96% specificity for cancerous lesions was observed; (d) in patients with ovarian malignancies, CA 125 and hPLAP may behave as independent markers; and (e) in patients with seminoma, hPLAP is clearly more frequently increased than is beta-choriogonadotropin. PMID- 3168211 TI - Monitoring breast cancer with CA 549. AB - CA 549, a new marker for breast cancer, was measured in serum of 719 patients by an immunoradiometric assay involving two monoclonal antibodies: BC4E 549, developed against a breast-tumor cell line, and BC4N 154, developed against milk fat-globule membrane. The reference interval for healthy women was 0-11 kilo units/L. The percentages of patients with CA 549 greater than 11 kilo-units/L for benign conditions are: 0% pregnancy, 1% breast, 26% liver; and for nonbreast metastatic cancers: 12% endometrial, 33% lung, 40% prostatic, and 50% ovarian. In women with breast cancer who were receiving or had completed adjuvant therapy with no evidence of disease there was an 11% increase in CA 549. For patients with metastatic breast cancer, 19% of those in complete remission, 63% of those in partial remission, and 88% of those with systemic progression had increased CA 549. CA 549 is a more specific marker than carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in nonmalignant disease, nonbreast malignancies, and adjuvant breast-cancer patients, and it is more sensitive in breast-cancer patients with progressive disease than is CEA. We could show CA 549 to be superior to CEA for detecting active breast cancer in patients with malignant or nonmalignant breast diseases. In monitoring 19 adjuvant-treated patients, CA 549 correlated more closely with the clinical course than did CEA values and, when increased, predicted a clinical recurrence. In 18 breast-cancer patients with metastasis, monitored for two to three years, the change of CA 549 values paralleled disease courses more often than did CEA values. PMID- 3168212 TI - Analytical bias for cholesterol and the percent of the population deemed at risk for coronary heart disease. AB - The effect of methodological bias on the population at risk is dependent on the location of the reference value in the distribution of the population. We fitted the cumulative distribution for cholesterol to a rational function and calculated the apparent reference values for four biased methods: Technicon SMAC (2.6%), DuPont aca (4.0 to 4.8%), Kodak DT-60 (-2.0 to -5.5%), and BMD Reflotron (-7.4 to -7.8%). With the true and apparent reference values for cholesterol and the rational function, we determined the percentage increase or decrease in the population deemed at risk for coronary heart disease. The population at risk increased by as much as 48% for methods with positive bias, and decreased by as much as 54% for methods with negative bias. If we restrict the percentage of the population incorrectly diagnosed to 3% and use reference values (cut points) recommended by the National Cholesterol Education Program, the maximum allowable methodological bias would be 1.6% for positive bias and -1.55% for negative bias. Therefore, an absolute methodological bias of 3% (as recommended by the Laboratory Standardization Panel) may be too liberal. PMID- 3168213 TI - Albumin excretion rate, albumin concentration, and albumin/creatinine ratio compared for screening diabetics for slight albuminuria. AB - Slight albuminuria, an overnight albumin excretion rate (AER) greater than 30 micrograms/min in an "Albustix"-negative sample, predicts development of diabetic nephropathy. This study compares the AERs for 261 timed overnight urine collections with the albumin concentrations and albumin/creatinine ratios for the same specimens (equivalent to first morning specimens). Thirty-one specimens (11.9%) had AERs greater than 30 micrograms/min. Use of an albumin/creatinine ratio greater than 3.0 mg/mmol to predict an AER greater than 30 micrograms/min gave a sensitivity of 96.8%, a specificity of 93.9%, and a predictive value of 68.2%, with a correlation coefficient of 0.921. Use of an albumin concentration greater than 17 mg/L gave a sensitivity of 96.8%, a specificity of 90.9%, a predictive value of 58.8%, and a slightly poorer correlation (r = 0.904). Evidently either method is acceptable as an initial screening procedure, but determination of albumin concentration alone would be preferable because of lesser cost. PMID- 3168214 TI - Efficacy of serum laminin measurement for diagnosis of fibrotic liver diseases. AB - We examined the efficacy of laminin assay in serum for diagnosis of fibrotic liver diseases. Values for subjects with liver disease significantly (P less than 0.05) exceeded those for healthy subjects and patients with nonhepatic diseases. At a cutoff value of 1.45 kilo-units(arb.)/L (approximately 330 micrograms/L) and an assumed prevalence of fibrotic liver diseases of 0.5, positive and negative predictive values of the test were 0.97 and 0.83, respectively, for the comparison with a healthy reference population and 0.81 and 0.80 for nonhepatic diseased patients. Increases in laminin concentration were positively correlated with the extent of fibrotic transition of the liver. Discrimination between fibrotic and cirrhotic stages of chronic liver diseases by means of laminin assay was better than with the amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen. According to the criteria of diagnostic efficacy, we conclude that determination of laminin in serum improves the possibilities of clinical-chemical diagnosis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. However, as commonly true for other biochemical tests, determination of laminin cannot replace conventional diagnostic methods. PMID- 3168215 TI - Information induction for predicting acute myocardial infarction. AB - We show how to make an unsupervised discrimination of disease and nondisease states by measuring information and using newer notions of inductive reason. We also present a new theory of group-based reference values that is based on measuring information uncertainty. We use data on the isoenzymes creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase-1 (LD1) and on the percentage of LD1 from 101 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and from 41 patients with suspected, but unfounded, infarction (non-AMI). Calculating the Shannon entropy, a concept from information theory, of the data base allows determination of a difference in entropy values ("effective information"), which determines decision cutoff values that produce binary-base patterns yielding the fewest classification errors. Redundancy in testing is important because it provides the information to approach a goal of errorless discrimination by coding the test results and meeting the conditions of the "Noisy Channel Theorem" of information theory. This redundancy improves the predictive value of diagnosis by isolating the area of equivocation to evident patterns. Results for CK-MB and LD1 are 99% correct in assigning cases to AMI and non-AMI categories; adding %LD1 increases the proportion of errorless binary patterns from 25% to 90%. PMID- 3168216 TI - Laboratory and clinical evaluation of an assay of thrombin-antithrombin III complexes in plasma. AB - We evaluated a recently developed commercial assay for quantifying thrombin antithrombin III (TAT) complexes in human plasma. The assay is precise (within assay CV less than 10%, between-assay CV less than 13%), and sensitive (detection limit 0.7 micrograms of TAT per liter of plasma). Measurements for healthy volunteers yielded a normal reference (95 percentile) interval of 0.8 to 5.0 micrograms/L (n = 50, mean 2.1 micrograms/L, range 1.1 to 7.5 micrograms/L). TAT concentrations were increased in 25 of the 41 patients who fulfilled the clinical criteria of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC, overall mean 15.8 micrograms/L) and in 30 of the 35 patients with deep-vein thrombosis of the leg (overall mean 9.4 micrograms/L). We assessed the accuracy of the TAT assay by comparison with established criteria for the laboratory diagnosis of DIC involving various cutoff values for antithrombin III, factor V, fibrinogen, platelet count, fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products, and activated partial thromboplastin time. The low specificity of the TAT assay with regard to some of these criteria indicates that the latter are probably insensitive. PMID- 3168217 TI - Intra-individual variation of serum thyroxin and triiodothyronine in pregnancy. AB - The mean concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4) in serum were increased in pregnancy, the increases for individuals remaining stable for week 16 to week 40 of gestation. For this period biological intra-individual variations of T3 and T4 in serum were estimated and compared with those of non pregnant women. The average biological intra-individual CVs for T3 and T4 were of the same order for pregnant and non-pregnant women (6.9-8.4%). The ratios of the biological intra-individual CVs to the biological group CVs were 0.5 to 0.6. Individual values were normally distributed. There was no increase of the intra individual variation with the lapse of time between two consecutively observed values. The estimated average biological intra-individual CVs were used to derive decision-making criteria in monitoring thyroid function during the 2nd and 3rd trimester of gestation. PMID- 3168218 TI - Estradiol-17 beta quantified in serum by isotope dilution-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: reversed-phase C18 high-performance liquid chromatography compared with immuno-affinity chromatography for sample pretreatment. AB - Here, isotope dilution-gas chromatography-mass spectometry is used as a reference technique for determining the concentration of estradiol-17 beta in candidate human serum Reference Material. The accuracy of assigned concentrations in biologic materials is not only determined by instrumental performance, it also depends greatly on the selectivity of the procedure for isolating the analyte from the biological matrix, an issue which we consider insufficiently addressed in the literature. We introduced reversed-phase C18 high-performance liquid chromatography as a fractionation procedure in addition to the commonly used solvent extraction and column chromatography on Sephadex LH-20. The validity of this approach as part of a Reference Method for measurement of estradiol-17 beta by isotope dilution-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was investigated by comparison with immuno-affinity chromatography, which on theoretical grounds is generally considered as highly selective. PMID- 3168219 TI - A new approach to the quality control of steroid receptor assays. AB - Lyophilized cytosols prepared from calf uterus and human breast tumor tissue are commonly used to assess the reliability of routine steroid receptor assays. However, preanalytical error (sample preparation, storage, homogenization) cannot be detected in this way. Participating laboratories were asked to mail us all their receptor results obtained over a four-month interval, and to include some information about the patients involved (age, menopausal status, nodal status). After verifying the homogeneity of the populations investigated, we computed consensus means for the percentages of positive samples and for their absolute value. Despite the homogeneity of the characteristics of the populations studied, results from some laboratories systematically differed from the consensus mean. This approach to the quality control of steroid receptors allows evaluation of the whole procedure, from sample preparation to analysis, and thus may be helpful as an addition to the usual practice of distribution of cytosols and tissue powders for assay. PMID- 3168220 TI - Changes in magnesium, zinc, calcium, potassium, cholesterol, and creatine kinase concentrations in patients from pre-infarction syndrome to fatal myocardial infarction. AB - We measured changes in concentrations of magnesium, zinc, calcium, potassium, cholesterol [total and high-density lipoproteins (HDL)], total creatine kinase (CK), and CK isoenzyme-MB in plasma (PI) and/or erythrocytes (Erc) from apparently healthy subjects and from patients with either pre-infarction syndrome (PIS) or myocardial infarction (MI) with a favorable (MI1) or fatal (MI2) outcome, to assess the relationship of these changes to the increasing severity of ischemic disease. Significant sex-related differences led us to study men and women separately. In MI1 and MI2 patients, concentrations of Mg in PI and Erc were increased as a function of time since the infarct, confirming the cardiac Mg leaves the heart and enters the circulatory compartment. Compared with concentrations in MI2 patients, Zn concentrations in PI were lower in MI2 patients in the days before death. Significant negative correlations between Zn in PI in MI1 men or Zn in Erc in MI2 men and CK or CK isoenzyme MB suggest that circulating Zn is taken up by non-necrotic myocardial tissue as part of the repair process. MI2 patients had gradually decreasing Ca concentrations in PI even more marked than those observed in PIS and MI1 patients. We also noted a marked decrease in total and HDL cholesterol concentrations in both MI2 men and MI2 women shortly before death. PMID- 3168221 TI - An alternative method for assaying cerebrospinal fluid protein in the presence of methotrexate. AB - Therapeutic concentrations of methotrexate can cause significant positive interference in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein values when assayed in the Du Pont aca. Conversely, our modified turbidimetric method, in which trichloroacetic acid (TCA) plus a sample blank containing dilute hydrochloric acid is used in place of TCA, exhibits little or no interference from methotrexate. This was verified by assaying solutions that contained a constant amount of protein (approximately 430 mg/L) and various amounts of methotrexate (0.0-2.3 x 10(-4) mol/L) by both the Du Pont aca and the manual turbidimetric method. As expected, the aca results showed increasing protein values with increasing methotrexate, whereas the manual method gave results approximating the expected protein value irrespective of the methotrexate concentration. PMID- 3168222 TI - Age-related reference values for free amino acids in first morning urine specimens. AB - We determined age-related reference values for urinary free amino acids (in mmol/mol creatinine) in first morning urine specimens from 360 control subjects who were divided into nine age groups: birth to 1 month, 1-6 months, 6-12 months, 1-2 years, 2-4 years, 4-7 years, 7-10 years, 10-13 years, and older than 13 years. Except for taurine and 3-methylhistidine, the concentration of all the amino acids decreased with increasing age. The use of these results to detect aminoacidopathies and tubulopathies is discussed. PMID- 3168223 TI - Studies on measurement of plasma magnesium: application of the Magon dye method to the "Monarch" centrifugal analyzer. AB - The "Magnesium Liquid Stable Reagent Set" from Medical Analysis Systems, Inc., is evaluated. The method, which involves Magon dye binding and bichromatic absorbance measurements, was used in a Monarch centrifugal analyzer. Results were compared with those by atomic absorption spectrometry. The calibration curve for the Magon method is linear to 2.5 mmol/L, with a 2-microL sample volume. Analytical recovery of magnesium added to human plasma ranged from 95 to 102%. The working reagent is stable for at least five days at 15 degrees C. At concentrations of 0.54 and 1.20 mmol/L, the respective CVs were 2.15 and 3.60% within batch, and 3.13 and 3.24% between batch. We analyzed 150 clinical samples for magnesium by both methods. Absorbance readings at 520/600 nm rather than 520/690 nm improved the correlation (r = 0.9777 and r = 0.9428, respectively). Calcium, albumin, phosphate, or bilirubin did not significantly interfere. PMID- 3168224 TI - Effect of nitroblue tetrazolium concentration on the fructosamine assay for quantifying glycated protein. AB - Experiments with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) at 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mmol/L confirmed that reactivity of 1-deoxy-1-morpholino-D-fructose, the standard, was more sensitive to reagent concentration than was protein ketoamine and demonstrated why an increase in NBT or a decrease in sample volume yields lower values for serum fructosamine. Analyses of clinical samples from diabetic and nondiabetic patients and from healthy subjects indicated that, with NBT at 0.25 mmol/L, discrimination between diabetics and other subjects was improved by changing the sample:reagent volume ratio from the usual 1:10 to 1:25 (9- to 12 min reading time). Discrimination improved further with NBT at 0.75 mmol/L and a 1:25 ratio but a later reading time (18-21 min); these conditions may minimize the effects of some but not all interferents. PMID- 3168225 TI - Storage of whole blood: effect of temperature on the measured concentration of analytes in serum. AB - We measured the concentrations of 29 commonly measured analytes in fresh sera and in sera that had been stored as whole blood at seven different temperatures for 24 h. We determined the effect of storage temperature and prolonged contact with cell clot on the measured concentration of each analyte, with fresh serum as the control. Significant differences were observed for concentrations of creatinine, glucose, inorganic phosphorus, potassium, and both aminotransferases. The extent of these differences was temperature dependent. Values for the remaining 23 analytes examined were essentially unaffected by the storage. PMID- 3168226 TI - Comparison of the compression strength of human vertebral bodies with the mass and density of apatite: a study by 31P NMR spectroscopy. AB - The force needed to fracture individual human thoracic and lumbar vertebral bodies is compared with the mass and density of apatite. 31P NMR spectrometry was used to quantify the apatite, because it permits the mineral content of bone to be determined noninvasively with minimal nonspecific interference from the organic matrix or from variations in composition of the marrow. Experiments were performed with bones of similar structure and function from a single individual with no history of trabecular fractures, to compensate for the effects of the other variables that affect bone strength. The coefficient of correlation between compression strength and the volume density (i.e., g/cm3) of apatite was 0.95. The correlation of strength with the mass (i.e., grams) of apatite in a vertebral body also was reasonably good, r = 0.82, but correlations with areal density (i.e., g/cm2) and linear density (i.e., g/cm) were much poorer. PMID- 3168227 TI - Catecholamine content of human erythrocytes. AB - We used high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection to measure the catecholamine content of human erythrocytes. The ratio of free norepinephrine to epinephrine was three to four times lower than that in plasma and four to seven times lower than that in platelets. This suggests differences in uptake, degradation, or conjugation of norepinephrine and epinephrine by erythrocytes, as compared with plasma and platelets. Erythrocyte free norepinephrine was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) in women than in men. PMID- 3168228 TI - Determination of 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) in urine by liquid chromatography with ion-paired solid-phase extraction and electrochemical detection. AB - This highly specific and sensitive method for measuring urinary 4,4' methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MBOCA) involves liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Before chromatography, urine samples are prepared by ion-paired solid-phase extraction on a disposable octadecylsilica column with acidic methanol solution containing 1-heptanesulfonic acid. This enhances the specificity of the method. Mean overall recovery ranged from 97.1% to 99.5% at added MBOCA concentrations of 20 and 100 micrograms/L in urine. Sensitivity for urine was 1 microgram/L. The intra-assay CV was 2.2% at a MBOCA concentration of 100 micrograms/L. We believe that this method is acceptable for routine measurement of MBOCA in urine from individuals exposed to this industrial chemical. PMID- 3168229 TI - Automating the quantification of heme in feces. AB - We present a modification of the HemoQuant assay, a good but lengthy and tedious method for determining heme in feces by means of its transformation to porphyrins. The laborious extraction procedure was replaced by a simple centrifugation procedure. The nonhomogeneous hot oxalic acid suspension was replaced by acetic acid. We observed no significant difference in results between samples analyzed by the older method vs the present modification (r = 0.996, n = 52). Mean (and SD) analytical recoveries of added hemoglobin and protoporphyrin were 99% (7%) and 93% (6%), respectively. The analytical procedure can now be automated by using discrete samplers and a flow-through fluorometer. Initial sampling and dilution of feces are still done manually, however. The excellent specificity, sensitivity, and overall analytical performance of the original method are retained, while circumventing the practical inconveniences of this reliable screening test for occult blood in feces. PMID- 3168230 TI - Falsely high high-density lipoprotein triglyceride values by the heparin manganese precipitation method. AB - Recent evidence indicates that high-density lipoprotein triglyceride (HDL-Tg) may be a predictor of coronary artery disease. We examined three methods for HDL-Tg measurement, comparing results obtained by measurement of Tg in the supernate after heparin-manganese chloride (heparin-Mn) precipitation of EDTA-treated plasma (I) with results obtained after preparative ultracentrifugation (II and III). In II, we used heparin-Mn precipitation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from the infranate after ultracentrifugation at d 1.006 to remove very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL). In III, we performed sequential flotation ultracentrifugation at d 1.006 and 1.063, then measured Tg in the d greater than 1.063 fraction. Method I gave significantly higher HDL-Tg results than II and III, which gave essentially identical results. The difference in results between I and II was not caused by the presence of heparin or manganese chloride, because these were used in both methods. Prior removal of VLDL in II and III resulted in lower HDL-Tg values, and subsequent removal of LDL by precipitation or ultracentrifugation did not alter final HDL-Tg values. The higher values obtained in I were the result of the presence of VLDL-rich unsedimented precipitate in the supernate. PMID- 3168231 TI - High-molecular-mass alkaline phosphatase: simplified and highly sensitive determination by liquid chromatography. AB - This simplified HPLC method for measurement of high-molecular-mass alkaline phosphatase (high-Mr AP; EC 3.1.3.1) in serum and bile is rapid (time for column preparation and separation 30 min), reproducible (CV 4.2%), and highly sensitive (detects high-Mr AP in healthy controls at 1-3% of total AP activity in serum), and is suitable for processing small batches of sample. We characterized high-Mr AP in serum and bile by incubating samples with L-phenylalanine, neuraminidase, 1 butanol, or wheat-germ lectin, and by determining stability to heat. High-Mr AP activity was determined in sera of patients with various liver diseases (4-32% of total AP serum activity) and results were compared with those by electrophoresis on agarose. PMID- 3168232 TI - Physiological changes in human erythrocyte cholinesterase as measured with the "pH-stat". AB - Cholinesterase activity in human erythrocytes was determined in 1903 blood samples by the "pH-stat" method. Differences in activity were examined as a function of sex, age, and pregnancy. Reliability intervals for the population average and approval or normality intervals for individual values were established. Sex- and age-related differences were very significant. PMID- 3168233 TI - Automated nephelometry of fibrinogen: analytical performance and observations during thrombolytic therapy. AB - We evaluated the performance of an automated nephelometric determination of fibrinogen, which is an integral part of the prothrombin time assay, in a new coagulation analyzer, the ACL-810 (Instrumentation Laboratory). Results were compared with those by a total clottable protein assay and with the thrombin clotting time assay for fibrinogen. In normal and slightly abnormal plasma, the performance of the ACL method was quite satisfactory (CV 3-10%). However, in abnormal plasma (prolonged prothrombin times because of heparin or oral anticoagulants) the accuracy of the ACL method was poor. Nor could the instrument determine fibrinogen in clearly lipemic plasma. In plasma containing high concentrations of fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDP), collected during thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase-containing drugs, the ACL method gave spuriously high values for fibrinogen concentration. We determined that this was mainly because of interference by intermediate FDP (fragment Y). Finally, we demonstrated that early FDP (fragment X) increased the ACL results for fibrinogen to the same extent as in the total clottable protein method and that late FDP (fragments D and E) affected the thrombin clotting time method, but not the ACL fibrinogen determination. PMID- 3168234 TI - Measurement of parathyrin in blood from thyroid veins: two radioimmunoassays compared in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - We measured parathyrin (PTH) in peripheral venous blood samples and in thyroid veins (both homolateral and contralateral to the lesion) in 13 patients with surgically confirmed parathyroid adenomas. Two different RIAs were used, one specific to the mid-region of the molecule (44-68, M-PTH), the other specific to the carboxy-terminal region (65-84, C-PTH). With the M-PTH assay we established a statistically significant multiple correlation (P less than 0.05) between the PTH concentrations in blood from the peripheral and thyroid veins; no significant correlation was found when we used the C-PTH assay. Our results confirm the superiority of the M-PTH RIA over the C-PTH RIA for study of hormonal secretion in primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 3168235 TI - Evaluation of cyclosporin-verapamil interaction, with observations on parent cyclosporin and metabolites. PMID- 3168236 TI - Field evaluation of dry slides for four chemistry tests. PMID- 3168237 TI - Alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities and bilirubin concentration in serum from Libyan donors. PMID- 3168238 TI - Chicken egg yolk and rabbit serum compared as sources of antibody for radioimmunoassay of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in serum or plasma. PMID- 3168239 TI - Intra-erythrocytic Mg assay in the Kodak Ektachem 700 analyzer. PMID- 3168240 TI - Solid-phase ion-pair extraction and liquid chromatography of mezlocillin in serum. PMID- 3168241 TI - Effect of use of a specific monoclonal antibody on radioimmunoassay results for serum cyclosporine. PMID- 3168242 TI - Cleaning of RA-1000 probes. PMID- 3168243 TI - Fentanyl RIA improved by a single-step extraction. PMID- 3168244 TI - Plasma separator tube of Becton Dickinson evaluated. PMID- 3168245 TI - Clinical evaluation of Amerlite's one-step immunoassay for determining free thyroxin. PMID- 3168246 TI - Interference of iodine-containing contrast materials with assay of urinary 17 ketogenic steroids. PMID- 3168247 TI - Inaccuracies in plasma thyrotropin concentrations with the Amersham "Amerlite" (monoclonal) assay. PMID- 3168248 TI - Technicon "CHEM 1" direct bilirubin assay evaluated. PMID- 3168249 TI - Analytical evaluation of the Ministat-s analyzer. PMID- 3168250 TI - Correlation between testosterone not bound to sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and the testosterone/SHBG ratio. PMID- 3168251 TI - Aspartylglycosaminuria diagnosed by routine urine amino acid assay. PMID- 3168252 TI - Adaptation of glutathione peroxidase assay to the Technicon RA-1000. PMID- 3168253 TI - Computer programs to extract "DiskStore" results and adjust multiple NSBs. PMID- 3168254 TI - Two methods for urinary urea compared. PMID- 3168255 TI - Intra-assay precision of four assays of thyrotropin. PMID- 3168256 TI - Anion-exchange chromatographic determination of LD-1 and LD-2. PMID- 3168257 TI - Macro-prostatic acid phosphatase in a patient's serum. AB - A patient without prostatic carcinoma had a high concentration of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP; EC 3.1.3.2) in his serum. This PAP was bound to IgG ("macro PAP"), and IgG autoantibodies against PAP were demonstrated in serum. The patient's IgG prolonged the biological half-life of radiolabeled PAP in rats, suggesting that the formation of IgG-PAP complexes was responsible for decreased PAP catabolism. Furthermore, macro-PAP was inactivated in serum more slowly than PAP. These factors accounted for the increases in the enzymatic activity and antigenic concentration of PAP measured in the patient's serum. Inappropriate therapy was prescribed on the basis of this laboratory result. The diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma requires clinical or histological evidence of malignant disease, and should not rely solely on PAP measurements. PMID- 3168258 TI - Tandem mass spectrometry in drug-abuse testing, exemplified for anabolic steroids. PMID- 3168259 TI - Fructosamine and urea concentrations in serum. PMID- 3168260 TI - More on heat inactivation of HIV and on HIV antibody in serum. PMID- 3168261 TI - Variability of the Widmark ratio r and its effect on medicolegal alcohol determinations. PMID- 3168262 TI - Oligoclonal bands in serum of patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3168263 TI - Neopterin and AIDS. PMID- 3168264 TI - Digital, labial, and velopharyngeal reaction times in normal speakers. AB - The relationship between inherent speed limitations of the velopharyngeal mechanism and the observed phenomenon of assimilation nasality was investigated by studying the reaction times of 10 normal adults performing three movements: (1) lip closing, (2) velopharyngeal closing, and (3) pressing a response key with a finger. The first two movements were monitored using a photodetector system. Across nearly 300 responses for each of the motor responses, the average reaction times, in milliseconds, were 194 for the digital, 203 for the labial, and 206 for the velopharyngeal movements. An analysis of variance revealed no consistent differences among these responses. The significance of these data is discussed with respect to speech motor control and clinical evaluation of patients with velopharyngeal impairments. PMID- 3168265 TI - Intraoral pressure and its relationship to velopharyngeal inadequacy. AB - Intraoral pressure measurements were made during multiple productions of the word "hamper" by each of 267 patients who manifested differing degrees of velopharyngeal inadequacy. The results indicate that intraoral pressure diminishes as the extent of velopharyngeal impairment increases. However, pressure remained above 3 cm H2O in the majority of subjects, even when the impairment was such that intraoral and intranasal pressures were essentially equal. Comparison of these results with model simulations suggests that speakers make adjustments to velopharyngeal impairment that tend to maintain pressures at levels thought to be necessary for obstruent consonant production. Variations in pressure as a function of gender and age parallel those observed in normal children and adults. PMID- 3168266 TI - Screening of velopharyngeal closure based on nasal airflow rate measurements. AB - Although sophisticated techniques for estimating velopharyngeal port area during speech are available, clinicians continue to seek approaches for screening patients with suspected velar inadequacy. The aim of the present study is to determine the sensitivity and specificity of predicting velopharyngeal dysfunction based on nasal airflow measurements. The pressure-flow technique was used to measure velopharyngeal orifice area and nasal airflow rate in 211 subjects with cleft palate or velar dysfunction, or both. The data demonstrate that nasal airflow rates above 125 cc/sec are almost always associated with velar dysfunction. Sensitivity and specificity of this index were high (0.85 and 0.96, respectively). A correct diagnosis was made in 93% of the cases. As expected, errors in judgment occurred most frequently in subjects with borderline velopharyngeal inadequacy. PMID- 3168267 TI - Patterns of dysmorphology in Crouzon syndrome: an anthropometric study. AB - Twenty-four craniofacial proportion indices were calculated from 26 surface measurements taken directly from the head and face in 61 patients with Crouzon syndrome, aged 11 days to 32 years. All patients were North American caucasians who had not undergone facial repair. The measurements and proportions were compared with those in healthy controls of the same age and sex. In most patients, the only disproportions present were a wide forehead in relation to the cranial breadth and wide orbital region compared with the face width. The proportions were in the normal range in most cases (71.7%), although many tended toward its extremities. Disproportions were associated most frequently with a combination of abnormal and normal measurements (48.9%); however, a large number (42.4%) involved two normal measurements. Among the normal proportions, most involved two normal measurements, although almost one fourth (22.8%) were associated with one or two abnormal measurements. PMID- 3168268 TI - Change in nasal resonance over time: a clinical study. AB - Fifteen of the 20 patients who had been judged by a speech pathologist and two surgeons to have had poor resonance following surgical treatment were recalled in order to review factors that may have been related to this poor result. In the present study, the poor-resonance patients were reanalyzed for present status given that they had received no further surgical intervention. The results indicate that over one-half of those patients now have normal resonance; this gives the patients who were repaired by the Cronin technique an 89 percent probability of achieving normal resonance. The age of the patient at the time of evaluation appears to be an important factor. Patients judged as "poor-resonance results" were more likely to be less than 5 years of age, but as they matured, judgment of "resonance" indicated improvement. PMID- 3168269 TI - Maxillary dental arch dimensions following pharyngeal-flap surgery. AB - Pharyngeal-flap surgery (PFS) is a surgical procedure utilized in the treatment of hypernasal speech. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of PFS on the maxillary dental arch. Sixteen patients who had undergone PFS between the ages of 5 and 7 years were selected from the longitudinal growth study of the Lancaster Cleft Palate Clinic. Eight points were marked on the occlusal surfaces of serial maxillary dental models to determine arch width and length. These data were compared to a matched sample of patients from the same growth study who did not undergo PFS. The flap group demonstrated significant reduction in both arch width (at cuspids and molars) and arch length development compared to the control sample, following PFS. These results are not inconsistent with an hypothesis of dental-arch form changes related to possible airway obstruction following PFS, although data on the latter were not available on this sample. PMID- 3168270 TI - Repair of surgical clefts of the hard palate in beagles. AB - The biological responses to the repair of palatal clefts has been evaluated principally by monitoring craniofacial growth. Little is known about the regenerative ability of the repaired palate. In the present study, 18 Beagle pups (51 to 58 days old) were assigned to one of three groups: (1) control group, having no surgery; (2) cleft group, having a surgically created cleft of the posterior hard palate (mean bony measurement: 3.1 x 11.7 mm) at 8 weeks of age; and (3) repaired group, same as group 2, and followed by soft-tissue closure at 12 weeks of age. Craniofacial growth was monitored by cephalometric and dental cast measurements. Records were taken at 6-week intervals. Animals were sacrificed either 16 or 28 weeks after time of cleft creation. Routine histologic examination and histochemical detection of alkaline phosphatase activity were performed to examine the quality and extent of soft-tissue repair and bone formation. Analysis of the cleft palate group revealed that the size of the bony cleft increased with time. The histologic examination demonstrated at 24 weeks of age (12 weeks after the repair) active reduction of medial margin of the bony palate as evidenced by osteoclastic activity. At 36 weeks of age, neither osteoblastic nor osteoclastic activity was detected. The mean dimensions of the bony cleft, in the cleft group at 36 weeks, were 7.9 x 18.8 mm. In the repaired group, partial bone repair occurred. However, no consistency was seen in predicting extent or location of repair. Histochemical detection of alkaline phosphatase activity indicated that the repaired group had greater amounts of new bone formation. In some sites, suture regeneration was seen. As with the amount of bone formation, the amount of suture regeneration was variable. This study revealed that the presence of a cleft inhibits osteoblastic activity along the margin of the cleft, and there is limited potential for regeneration of the palate subsequent to the repair. PMID- 3168271 TI - Relative contributions of the nasal septum and airways to total nasal capsule volume in normal and cleft lip and palate fetal specimens. AB - The present study examines the relative contributions of the nasal septum and airway volumes to the total volume of the fetal nasal capsule. For comparative purposes, 29 human fetal specimens (20 "normal" and 9 with cleft lip and palate (CLP] were celloidin embedded, sectioned, and stained with hemotoxylin and eosin. The specimens ranged from 8 to 21 weeks in postmenstrual age. Photomicrographs of the serial sections allowed selected anatomic structures to be computer digitized, reconstructed as three-dimensional computer representations, and quantified. Various nasal capsule component measurements were compared with overall nasal capsule size values, producing relative size indices. Significant differences (p less than 0.05) were noted between the "normal" and CLP fetal samples in the relative sizes of the nasal capsule, airways, and septum. Relative mean CLP nasal capsule volume was 14% smaller than normal, relative mean CLP airway volume was approximately 43% smaller than that of the normal specimens, whereas relative mean CLP septum volume was approximately 45% larger. Aspect ratios (i.e., height:width ratios) were utilized for shape analysis of the nasal septal cartilage and indicated that the CLP septal shape was one of increased width relative to height compared with normal specimens. Results were consonant with clinical impressions of nasal capsule deficiency in the CLP nasal capsule and revealed some new structural associations in the fetal nasal capsule. PMID- 3168272 TI - Effect of alveolar bone grafting on maxillary growth in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients. AB - This cephalometric study reports the extent to which maxillary growth may be impaired by grafting of alveolar bone during the period of mixed dentition. The analysis is confined to subjects with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). The craniofacial dimensions of a group of 28 children who underwent grafting before the age of 12 years were compared by t-test to those of a nongrafted group (N = 30) at 9 and 16 years of age. In addition, two multiple-regression analyses were performed, the second on a group of 70 subjects with UCLP who received a bone graft between the ages of 8 and 15 years. The principal finding was that bone grafting, even when performed on those as young as 8 or 9 years, had no adverse effect on anteroposterior or vertical maxillary growth. This may be attributable to postponement of grafting until most anteroposterior and transverse growth of the anterior maxilla had ceased and to the grafted tissue's ability to participate in the vertical development of the alveolar process. PMID- 3168273 TI - Velopharyngeal incompetence as the presenting symptom of myotonic dystrophy. AB - Velopharyngeal incompetence has previously been described in the late stages of myotonic dystrophy. However, we have seen three cases in which velopharyngeal incompetence was the presenting symptom. Despite different ethnic backgrounds, the patients shared a similar appearance, all three had the characteristic "myopathic facies," mandibulomaxillary disproportion, muscular weakness, and positive family history. Identifying a progressive neuromuscular disorder as the cause of velopharyngeal incompetence has important treatment and prognostic implications. Based on the experience described in this report, we feel that the velopharyngeal incompetence of the myotonic patient might best be managed nonsurgically. PMID- 3168274 TI - Unoperated adult cleft lip and palate: changes in form and function after operation. AB - This report describes the occlusion and craniofacial morphology--together with changes in tongue activity during swallowing before and after surgical correction -in a 26-year-old female patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Cross bites were not observed before or after repair. Lateral cephalometric findings revealed a convex profile with a normal anterior cranial base length, a flat mandibular plane, and a short lower-anterior face height. Preoperative cineradiographic appraisal showed atypical tongue activity during swallowing. The dorsum of the tongue remained high to seal the cleft. The bolus was kept on the floor of the mouth and passed along the lateral margins of the tongue. The swallow duration, as determined by EMG of the tongue, was extremely long when compared with infant-operated cleft lip and palate patients and to noncleft subjects. Postoperatively, tongue function was similar to that in both cleft patients in whom closure was performed in infancy and to noncleft controls. PMID- 3168275 TI - Basicranial changes in shunt-treated hydrocephalic children--a two-year report. AB - Basicranial changes were studied in a sample of 29 shunt-treated hydrocephalics, aged 7 to 18 years, by analyzing differences in angular relationships between structures seen on roentgenologic cephalograms taken at intervals of about 2 years following initial examination. In addition, the natural head position was recorded in 24 subjects at a follow-up examination. The cranial base among the boys showed increased flexure during the follow-up period. This finding was reflected in a decrease in the angle between the sphenoidal and clival planes and that of the nasion-sella-basion. Head posture, calculated in terms of the craniovertical and cervicohorizontal angles, was more forwardly flexed in the shunt-treated subjects than in the corresponding controls. PMID- 3168276 TI - Reliability of esthetic ratings of cleft impairment. AB - The decision to seek secondary treatment for facial clefts is often the result of concerns about the esthetic acceptability of appearance. There are no standard techniques to assess cleft impairment for esthetic acceptability. Therefore, it is not possible to evaluate objectively either the need for or the benefits of treatment. If it could be shown that people agree closely on how they rate the esthetic appearance of cleft impairments that vary in severity, then esthetic measures of cleft impairment could be developed with human judgment as the yardstick. The goals of this study were: (1) to examine the reliability with which children express their preferences for cleft impairments that vary in severity, (2) to determine if other facial characteristics influence the reliability of children's preferences for cleft impairments, and (3) to evaluate if age and gender of children influence preferences for cleft impairments. Based on preratings, eight types of photographic slides were created that varied in severity of cleft impairment and global facial attractiveness. A second sample of subjects then rated the slides on the esthetic acceptability of appearance. Children ranked the photographic types consistently. They least preferred the photographic types depicting severe impairment or low facial attractiveness, or both, and most preferred faces with no impairment or moderate attractiveness, or both. There were also developmental effects in that younger children tended to have less consensus in their ratings of appearance than older children. Finally, boys displayed greater consensus than girls. PMID- 3168277 TI - Van der Woude syndrome--recognition of lesser expressions: case report. AB - A family with Van der Woude syndrome is described. The proband, whose mother and brother had facial clefting, showed inconspicuous abnormalities of the lower lip and a bifid uvula. Lesser expressions of Van der Woude syndrome are common and should be actively looked for in counseling families about cleft lip or cleft lip and palate. PMID- 3168278 TI - Serum lysosomal hydrolases in cystic fibrosis. AB - The activities of a number of lysosomal hydrolases were determined in sera from 100 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), age 2-35 yr, and age-matched controls: beta-hexosaminidase activity was significantly elevated (p less than 0.005) in CF patients from all age groups. alpha-Mannosidase activity was increased only in the older CF patients (greater than 13 yr). The following enzyme activities were not altered in CF serum: alpha-fucosidase, beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase. The abnormal patterns of serum alpha-mannosidase and beta hexosaminidase in CF cannot be explained by pancreatic disease or undernutrition, since serum values of these hydrolases in patients with anorexia nervosa or acute pancreatitis were not altered. However, the altered activities of the alpha mannosidase and beta-hexosaminidase were proportional to the degree of pulmonary insufficiency in the CF group, indicating that these changes are probably a secondary consequence of the primary disease process. Except for beta hexosaminidase, because differences in the serum hydrolases in CF do not become apparent until the second decade of life, determinations of lysosomal enzyme activities in serum will probably be of little diagnostic value. PMID- 3168279 TI - Total and free quinidine by fluorescence polarization immunoassay and comparison with high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3168280 TI - Creatine kinase BB and neuron-specific gamma-enolase are enhanced in leiomyosarcoma. PMID- 3168281 TI - 3-Hydroxyoctanoic aciduria: identification of a new organic acid in the urine of a patient with non-ketotic hypoglycemia. AB - A four-month-old child with non-ketotic hypoglycemia and rapidly progressive cirrhosis excreted in her urine large amounts of two unidentified organic acids in addition to a spectrum of saturated, unsaturated, and 3-hydroxy dicarboxylic acids in her urine. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl derivative of one of the unknown compounds suggested the structure of 3 hydroxyoctanoic acid, which was confirmed by similar analysis of the authentic compound. The same organic acid was found in the child's plasma. The significance of 3-hydroxyoctanoic aciduria as a possible marker for a primary defect of 3 hydroxy fatty acid metabolism is discussed. PMID- 3168282 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for serum pepsinogens I and II using monoclonal antibodies--with data on peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. AB - Serum pepsinogen I and pepsinogen II levels in 369 healthy controls, 38 duodenal ulcer, 30 gastric ulcer and 46 stomach cancer including 21 early and 25 advanced gastric cancer patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using pepsin moiety-reacting monoclonal antibodies to pepsinogens I and II. Serum pepsinogen I and pepsinogen II levels were higher in the duodenal and gastric ulcer groups than in the control. Although there was no significant difference in serum pepsinogen II between stomach cancer and control, serum pepsinogen I was significantly lower in the former than in the latter and also in advanced gastric cancer than in early gastric cancer. A specific negative correlation of serum pepsinogen I with patient age was observed in stomach cancer but not in peptic ulcer or control groups. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed and indicated that serum pepsinogen I, compared with serum pepsinogen II or the pepsinogen I/pepsinogen II ratio, is the most effective marker for stomach cancer. PMID- 3168283 TI - Homogeneous immunoassay based on dihexadecyl-dimethylammonium bilayer membranes. AB - We describe a rapid, highly sensitive, simple immunoassay based on cationic bilayer membranes prepared from dihexadecyl-dimethylammonium bromide. This detergent was dispersed in water to give a slightly turbid solution which contained lamellar (not vesicular) bilayer membranes with a gel to liquid crystal phase transition (Tc, 28 degrees C). An anionic hapten (N,N'-bis(2,4 dinitrophenyl)-L-lysine) combined electrostatically with this cationic membrane to induce aggregation of membranes, making the solution turbid. This aggregation was suppressed by antibodies to the hapten. The aggregation rate was rapid at a temperature above Tc, and the amount of antibodies was quantified by measuring absorbance or light scattering of the aqueous solution with a detection limit of 0.1 ng/ml of the antibodies. Anionic and zwitterionic bilayer membranes from di(tetradecyl)phosphate and phosphocholine derivatives, respectively, were less sensitive as detectors of the hapten-antibody reaction. Ionic interactions between cationic bilayer membranes and anionic haptens are important for successful assay performance. PMID- 3168284 TI - Assay of stable isotope labelled urea in biological fluids by selected ion monitoring. AB - A selected ion-monitoring method, incorporating an internal standard, was developed to allow the direct and simultaneous measurement of stable isotope labelled urea and unlabelled urea concentrations in biological specimens. After cyclization of urea with malonaldehyde bis(dimethylacetal) to form 2 hydroxypyrimidine, the volatile heptafluorobutyryl derivative was made in a two step process utilizing a trimethylsilyl intermediate. The internal standard, 4 methyl-2-hydroxypyrimidine, was found to be stable under the cyclization conditions. The structures of the internal standard and urea derivatives were confirmed by electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry. This method was applied to the measurement of [15N2]urea concentrations in dog plasma. PMID- 3168285 TI - Urinary C6-C12 dicarboxylic acylcarnitines in Reye's syndrome. AB - C6-C12 dicarboxylic acylcarnitines have been identified for the first time in urine from a 2-year-old girl presenting with Reye's syndrome. The acylcarnitines were extracted by ion-exchange chromatography and analysed, both underivatised and as methyl esters using high-resolution fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry and B/E-linked scanning. The acylcarnitines were quantified by capillary gas chromatography of the acids extracted after hydrolysis of the acylcarnitine esters. Dodecandioylcarnitine was present in the highest concentration (35.9 mmol/mol creatinine) which exceeded the urinary free dodecandioic acid concentration. The adipic, suberic and sebacic acylcarnitine concentrations were less than 10% of the respective free acid concentrations. It is possible that beta-oxidation of dicarboxylic acids is partially inhibited in Reye's syndrome leading to accumulation of precursor dodecandioyl CoA which is metabolised to dodecandioylcarnitine. The accumulation of these metabolic intermediates may be significant in the pathogenesis of Reye's syndrome. PMID- 3168286 TI - Oestrogen receptors, lactate dehydrogenase and cellularity in human breast cancer. AB - Oestrogen receptor (ER) concentrations in breast tissues are almost universally expressed in relation to total soluble protein, though the latter does not fully correct for gross variations in receptor concentration due to variations in tissue cellularity. It was considered possible that the concentration of a specific glycolytic enzyme might be a better index and reflection of tumour cellularity. Measurements of the concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), oestrogen receptor and total soluble protein and estimates of tumour cellularity were therefore performed on 98 breast tissues (80 breast cancers, 18 benign tissues). Cellularity and the concentrations of oestrogen receptor, lactate dehydrogenase and total soluble protein were significantly higher in breast cancers than in the benign tissues. The concentration of oestrogen receptors (positives only) was, as expected, related to tissue cellularity (correlation coefficient, r = 0.35). The concentrations of both LDH and total soluble protein were also both strongly related to tissue cellularity (correlation coefficients r = 0.67 and 0.75, respectively), and to each other (r = 0.78). These results suggest that (1) total soluble protein concentration is a good index of cellularity and (2) there is unlikely to be any additional value in expressing receptor concentrations relative to LDH since the latter appears to be a 'typical' soluble protein. PMID- 3168287 TI - The Philadelphia variant of galactokinase in human erythrocytes: physicochemical and catalytic properties. AB - The Philadelphia variant of galactokinase (GALKP) is responsible for an asymptomatic disorder of galactose metabolism. Individuals with GALKP phenotype are common among black people. They exhibit reduced galactokinase (GALK) activity in their red blood cells but normal activity in their white blood cells. We explored the biochemical characteristics of hemolysates from individuals with the GALKP phenotype and from controls. In mixed hemolysates from a control and a proband, the GALK activity measured did not suggest the presence of an inhibitor. We observed that the catalytic properties, pI and thermolability in hemolysates from controls and GALKP individuals were identical. Thus, the Philadelphia variant of galactokinase seems not to alter biochemical properties of the red blood cell enzyme. A silent amino acid substitution, or the dysfunction of a regulatory gene might be likely suggested to explain the reduced enzyme activity. PMID- 3168289 TI - Diamine and polyamine levels in the urine of healthy adults. PMID- 3168288 TI - Plasma fructosamine assay in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Plasma concentrations of fructosamine, an indicator of glycated plasma proteins, were measured in non-diabetic children and children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) to see if they also correlate with glycemic control in children as well as in adults. Non-diabetic children aged less than 4 yr had significantly lower plasma fructosamine than non-diabetic children aged 4 or more. Total plasma protein in these children was slightly lower or close to that of older children. There was no difference in fructosamine between non-diabetic children aged 4 or more and healthy adult subjects. Plasma fructosamine in children with IDDM was twofold that of age-matched controls. In children with IDDM, correlations between fructosamine and HbAI (r = 0.799) or HbAIc (r = 0.841) were high. The measurement of plasma fructosamine, which is practical in children because of the small sample volume needed and no influence of HbF, is useful in the management of children with IDDM. PMID- 3168290 TI - An enzymatic method for the determination of butyrobetaine via conversion to carnitine after isolation by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - An improved procedure for the determination of butyrobetaine [4-(N,N,N trimethylammonio)butanoate] in plasma and tissue is described. Butyrobetaine was isolated by ion-exchange chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The isolation procedure was internally standardized with [3H]butyrobetaine. The recovery of butyrobetaine was greater than 90%. Following isolation butyrobetaine was enzymatically converted to carnitine using butyrobetaine hydroxylase and the resulting carnitine was assayed using carnitine acetyltransferase and [14C]acetylcoenzyme A. The conversion of butyrobetaine to carnitine and of carnitine to [14C]acetylcarnitine was greater than 98% as determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Using this method was analysed human sera (healthy controls) and tissues (autopsy) and found the following values: serum, 4.67 nmol/ml; kidney 17.6 nmol/g; liver, 26.5 nmol/g. The serum butyrobetaine values of twins suffering from carnitine deficiency were normal (3.78 and 3.87 nmol/ml), while the carnitine supplementation therapy caused an increase. Animal samples were analyzed and the values were 3-4 times higher than previously reported by others. PMID- 3168291 TI - Composition and surface properties of the bronchial lipids in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - Bronchial secretions from seven patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) were aspirated by fibreoptic bronchoscopy and analysed for lipid composition. The total lipid fraction was also used to measure dynamic surface tension. Pooled samples from 'normal' patients, healthy volunteers, patients with chronic bronchitis, and individual samples from two patients with bronchiectasis were used as controls. Increased bronchial inflammation and infection correlated with a decrease of the phospholipid fraction, and an increase of the cholesterol, diglyceride and triglyceride fractions. When individual phospholipids were analysed, patients with clinically severe CF showed a markedly decreased phosphatidylcholine fraction, whereas the phosphatidylinositol fraction was significantly higher in CF patients than in controls (p less than 0.05). Minimum surface tension was higher in CF patients compared to patients with chronic bronchitis (p less than 0.05). This might be related to earlier reported specific changes in the pattern of fatty acids of the CF bronchial phospholipids. PMID- 3168292 TI - Urinary excretion of a glucose-containing tetrasaccharide. A parameter for increased degradation of glycogen. AB - The urinary excretion of a glucose-containing oligosaccharide, Glc alpha[1-6Glc alpha[1-4Glc alpha[1-4Glc, (Glc4) has been measured in various physiological and pathological conditions. The Glc4 content of 24 h samples from the same individual was relatively constant, whereas 2 h samples showed up to 4-fold variations in Glc4 concentration. This variation is associated mainly with increased excretion of Glc4 after meals. A carbohydrate-rich diet, starvation or a protein-rich diet, and intense physical activity all affected the urinary excretion of Glc4. Both oral and intravenous administration of glycogen in a Rhesus monkey resulted in increased excretion of Glc4. When Glc4 itself was injected intravenously in small amounts renal clearance was rapid and complete. In contrast, injection of a larger amount resulted in incomplete (approximately 10%) renal clearance, probably due to uptake and metabolism of the oligosaccharide. In patients with glycogen storage diseases, certain malignancies, and pancreatitis, 24 h urinary Glc4 excretion exceeded the normal range. The diagnostic implications of these observations deserve evaluation. The results presented suggest a need for standardization of nutritional status and physical activity when monitoring urinary Glc4 excretion for diagnostic purposes. PMID- 3168293 TI - Modifications of concanavalin A patterns of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and alpha 2 HS glycoprotein in alcoholic liver disease. AB - In order to test whether abnormalities in hepatocytes affect the glycoprotein carbohydrate moiety, crossed immunoaffinoelectrophoresis (CIAE) with Concanavalin A (Con A) was used to study serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP) and alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (alpha 2-HS) obtained from alcoholic patients with biopsy proven liver disease. Cirrhotic patients, placed in groups C1, C2 or C3, according to Pugh's classification, were compared to healthy donors (N) and to steatosic non-cirrhotic patients (S). Con A CIAE patterns revealed in group N three subpopulations for alpha 2-HS and four for alpha 1-AGP. Two main results emerged from this study: (1) in the alcoholic groups, the proportions of Con A unreactive subpopulations of both glycoproteins increased. Moreover, group N could be separated from group S and group S from all the cirrhotic groups. (2) There was a good correlation between the relative amounts in Con A-unreactive subpopulations of alpha 1-AGP and alpha 2-HS. The increases observed in Con A unreactive subpopulations are probably a general phenomenon related to alterations in glycosylation processing during liver cell damage. PMID- 3168294 TI - Determination of phospholipids in biological samples by an improved densitometric method on thin-layer chromatograms. AB - The quantitative determination of the different phospholipids present in samples of bile, liver or plasma has been performed by densitometric scanning of high performance thin-layer chromatography plates. These have been developed as follows: pre-treatment with sulphuric acid-ethanol mixture, staining with ethanol modified molybdenum blue reagent and post-treatments with water and ethanol added with a small quantity of sulphuric acid. The sequential treatment, which introduces some modifications in a previously described procedure, allowed a linear and stable colour response for phosphorous-containing lipids on uniform and colourless background. The calibration of each plate with standard mixture was required for obtaining results in good agreement with other routine methods of determination. PMID- 3168295 TI - Evaluation of urinary oestrogen assays after the menopause and their potential for screening. AB - Urinary oestrone-3-glucuronide, oestradiol-3-glucuronide, oestrone and oestradiol were measured by radioimmunoassay methods adapted for the very low levels found in postmenopausal women. Oestrogen concentrations related to creatinine in morning urine samples from ten postmenopausal women were found to correlate well with total oestrogen excreted in 24 h (r = 0.934, 0.867, 0.947, 0.909, respectively; p less than 0.002). Day to day variation in five individuals, measured over 5 weeks, showed random fluctuations, with no obvious cyclical variation. Reference ranges, based on two consecutive morning urine samples from 131 postmenopausal women, were 0.73-4.57 mumol/mol creatinine for oestrone-3 glucuronide, 0.66-3.00 mumol/mol creatinine for oestradiol-3-glucuronide, 4.8 30.9 nmol/mol creatinine for oestrone and 3.8-16.8 nmol/mol creatinine for oestradiol. We suggest that such assays may have a part to play in the screening for women at greatest risk of developing osteoporotic fractures. PMID- 3168296 TI - Effect of methionine loading and endogenous hypermethioninaemia on blood mercaptans in man. AB - In five patients with cirrhosis given an oral methionine load, blood mercaptan concentrations were not significantly affected by neomycin and metronidazole therapy. Methanethiol and dimethyl sulphide rose after methionine to levels encountered in hepatic encephalopathy but in stable cirrhotics no neurological abnormalities were evident. In one patient with chronic hepatic encephalopathy there was no significant change in methanethiol, dimethyl sulphide or ammonia concentration 4 h after methionine when conscious state had deteriorated by two stages of encephalopathy. Elevations in blood methanethiol and dimethyl sulphide concentration in children with congenital hypermethioninaemia were not associated with any neurological or electroencephalographic features of hepatic coma. These studies do not support an important role for mercaptans in hepatic encephalopathy although a synergistic effect cannot be excluded. Furthermore, mercaptans appear to arise from endogenous metabolism rather than bacterial action in the gut. PMID- 3168297 TI - Antibody immobilization on swollen polystyrene tubes for the radioimmunological determination of total human serum IgE. AB - A new technique for preparing activated polystyrene tubes was developed involving the controlled swelling of plastic. The quantity of antibodies immobilized on these tubes, and consequently the quantity of bound IgE, was considerably increased. Calibration curves were plotted and the determination of total IgE in 200 serum samples confirmed the expected increase in sensitivity compared to a standard method. The manufacturing procedure was simple and could easily be automated. Thus, swollen polystyrene tubes constitute an advantageous solid stage in the assay of total IgE, which can improve the sensitivity of various radioimmunological determinations. PMID- 3168298 TI - Vertebral bone density in non-amenorrhoeic hyperprolactinaemic women. AB - Recently, a decrease in bone mineral content (BMC) in hyperprolactinaemic women with long-lasting amenorrhoea has been reported, and attributed either to a direct effect of PRL on bone or secondary to the oestrogen deficiency. To verify if PRL by itself has a direct effect on bone, we have studied BMC at the lumbar level by double-photon absorptiometry in 22 patients with hyperprolactinaemia, selected on the basis of normal or near-normal oestradiol levels. The results were compared with those obtained in 28 healthy closely-matched women, and seven hyperprolactinaemic patients with long-lasting amenorrhoea and oestrogen deficiency. No significant difference in BMC was observed between hyperprolactinaemic patients with normal oestrogen levels (mean +/- SEM = 3.87 +/ 0.10 gHA/cm) and normal subjects (mean +/- SEM = 3.76 +/- 0.10 gHA/cm). Moreover, no significant change was observed during a 6 month follow-up in 13 patients. On the other hand, a significant difference (P less than 0.05) was detected in BMC between the hyperprolactinaemic patients with normal oestradiol levels and those with long-lasting amenorrhoea and oestrogen deficiency (mean +/- SEM = 3.39 +/- 0.18). These results suggest that hyperprolactinaemia by itself is not a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis. PMID- 3168299 TI - Sex hormone binding globulin in saliva. AB - Measurement of salivary steroid hormone concentrations has frequently been advocated as a convenient alternative to plasma measurements. This is partly due to the belief that salivary steroid concentrations are a reliable reflection of the plasma free hormone level, a belief reinforced by earlier inability to demonstrate the presence of significant quantities of steroid binding proteins. Recent reports confirm that such quantities of these proteins are present in saliva and that they retain their steroid binding activity. We have measured sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin in saliva from 14 men, 21 non pregnant women and 36 pregnant women. No differences in the concentration of salivary albumin was evident in any of the groups studied whereas a significant difference in the concentration of SHBG was evident between men and non-pregnant women, and non-pregnant and pregnant individuals. Although much lower, salivary SHBG and albumin concentrations broadly reflect those found in plasma. Furthermore, a highly significant correlation existed between salivary SHBG and albumin concentrations in all groups studied. It now seems generally accepted that the albumin present in saliva arises from contamination by either traces of blood or gingival fluids. The close relationship between the concentrations of albumin and SHBG in saliva suggests that they both gain entry by a similar route. Furthermore, their presence may significantly influence the concentration of certain steroids in saliva, and this may explain the occasional failure of salivary steroid concentrations to accurately reflect the plasma free hormone levels. PMID- 3168300 TI - Radioimmunoassay artifact associated with circulating anti-rabbit antibodies. AB - A 30 year old woman presenting with infertility was found to have elevated serum immunoreactive prolactin, TSH and total T3. These findings were eventually attributed to assay artifact when she was shown to have anti-rabbit antibodies in her serum. The possibility of laboratory artifact should be considered in clinical practice when abnormal immunoassay results are unsupported by clinical or radiographic data. PMID- 3168301 TI - Iodine in milk and the incidence of thyrotoxicosis in England. AB - Because iodine is added to cattle feed, milk and dairy products have become a major source of dietary iodine in Britain. The mean iodine concentrations of milk supplied to seven towns in England were measured each month throughout 1 year. Values were more than twice those recorded 20 years ago. There were large differences between the towns, with average annual concentrations ranging from 130 to 200 micrograms/l. Within the towns there were up to four-fold variations between the peak values in February/March and lowest values in June. The similarity between the monthly variations in milk iodine and seasonality in the onset of thyrotoxicosis suggests that iodine concentrations in milk and dairy products may now have reached harmful levels. Control of high winter levels in areas of Britain which were previously iodine deficient may now be necessary. PMID- 3168302 TI - Lack of effect of aldosterone on intracellular sodium and potassium in mononuclear leucocytes from patients with pseudohypoaldosteronism. AB - In three patients with pseudohypoaldosteronism the effects of aldosterone on intracellular sodium and potassium were studied and compared with normal controls in whom aldosterone prevents the loss of sodium and potassium in vitro. Mononuclear leukocytes were incubated with or without aldosterone (1.4 nM) in RPMI-1640 for 1 h at 37 degrees C. After two washes in isotonic MgCl2 the wet cell pellets were weighted and intracellular sodium and potassium determined by flame photometry, results are expressed as mmol/kg wet cells. In the patients intracellular sodium fell from 18, 23 and 29 mmol/kg to 14, 18 and 11 mmol/kg, respectively, in the absence of aldosterone. With aldosterone added to the incubation medium sodium was not different from values obtained without aldosterone (15, 20 and 13 mmol/kg). Corresponding values for potassium were 89, 48 and 75 mmol/kg before and 68, 32 and 51 mmol/kg after incubation without and 69, 36 and 54 mmol/kg after incubation with aldosterone. Thus, incubation with aldosterone did not show an effect on intracellular sodium and potassium as seen in normals. Baseline values of sodium and potassium before the incubation were within the normal range. From these results it is concluded that in patients with pseudohypoaldosteronism the absent or decreased number of mineralocorticoid receptors in mononuclear leucocytes are accompanied by a lack of response of intracellular sodium and potassium to aldosterone in vitro. However, normal baseline intracellular electrolyte concentrations in these patients may indicate that mineralocorticoids are not involved in the maintenance of normal levels of intracellular sodium and potassium. PMID- 3168304 TI - LDL/HDL-changes in subclinical hypothyroidism: possible risk factors for coronary heart disease. AB - The aim of the present study was to evaluate the lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and the electrophoretic low-density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins) in patients with subclinical (n = 52) and overt hypothyroidism (n = 18) in comparison to normal controls (28 and 18, respectively), matched for age, sex and body mass index. Subclinical hypothyroidism was defined as a syndrome with normal free thyroxine and total thyroxine but elevated basal thyrotrophin levels and/or an exaggerated TSH response to oral thyrotrophin releasing hormone. In subclinical hypothyroidism there was an elevated LDL concentration (P less than 0.01), a diminished HDL fraction (P less than 0.05) and a borderline elevated LDL-C (not reaching the limit of significance, P = 0.07). Total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations remained unaltered. For the whole group of patients and controls significant negative correlations were found between LDL-C and T4 (P less than 0.04), total cholesterol and free thyroxine-index (P less than 0.01); positive correlations could be demonstrated between LDL-C and basal TSH (P less than 0.03), the ratio total cholesterol/HDL-C and basal TSH (P less than 0.03), and triglycerides and basal TSH (P less than 0.01). Our data provide a possible explanation for the higher prevalence of coronary heart disease reported in subclinical hypothyroidism. There may well be a case for the detection and early treatment of such individuals. PMID- 3168303 TI - Prolactin response to metoclopramide does not distinguish patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism from delayed puberty. AB - The prolactin response to metoclopramide (MCP) was studied in 23 sexually immature males, 14 with isolated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (IHH) and nine with constitutional delayed puberty. Six of the 14 IHH patients had not been treated prior to our study, whereas eight had received long term therapy with testosterone or hCG for variable periods ranging from 1 to 20 years. We also measured the prolactin response to chlorpromazine (CPZ) in the untreated IHH men. In these untreated subjects, we observed a greatly diminished prolactin response after CPZ by comparison to that measured following MCP administration (peak 15 ng/ml, areas 86 units vs peak 43 ng/ml, area 416 units, respectively) (P less than 0.01). Furthermore, prolactin levels following MCP were similar in untreated (peak 43 ng/ml, area 416 units) and treated (peak 55 ng/ml, area 545 units, NS) IHH males as well as in boys with constitutional delayed puberty (peak 50 ng/ml, area 532 units, NS). In addition, responses in the three groups of patients were about half (P less than 0.01) those measured in normal men (peak 81 ng/ml, area 845 units). These data indicate that, unlike CPZ, MCP is not useful in distinguishing patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism from boys with constitutional delayed puberty. PMID- 3168305 TI - A multiple timepoint study of N-terminal pro-opiomelanocortin in depression using a two-site recognition immunoradiometric assay. AB - N-pro-opiomelanocortin (N-POMC) is secreted from the same precursor as ACTH and beta-endorphin. Elevated plasma ACTH and beta-endorphin/beta-lipotrophin concentrations have been reported in depression, however there have been no previous studies of N-POMC. Twenty-five patients with major depression and 18 control subjects were studied at five timepoints to examine diurnal rhythm and the effect of a dexamethasone suppression test. N-POMC was measured using a newly developed two-site recognition immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). This demonstrated advantages of sensitivity, specificity and simplicity compared with existing radioimmunoassays. N-POMC exhibited a pattern of diurnal rhythm and suppression in response to dexamethasone as described for other POMC derived peptides. Depressed subjects had higher levels of N-POMC at 0900 h post-dexamethasone than did control subjects. In conclusion, the results of this study are consistent with a hypothesis of cosecretion of POMC-derived peptides. N-POMC has a similar pattern of abnormal concentrations to ACTH and beta-endorphin/beta-lipotrophin in depression. This constitutes probable evidence of POMC-derived peptide resistance to glucocorticoid feedback in this condition. PMID- 3168306 TI - Cyclical Cushing's syndrome presenting as short stature in a boy with recurrent atrial myxomas and freckled skin pigmentation. AB - A young male patient demonstrated unusual features of Cushing's syndrome, atrial myxomas and freckled skin pigmentation. At 4.5 years of age he presented with intermittent swelling of his face and abdomen associated with weight gain and mild hypertension. A left atrial myxoma, suspected from routine physical examination, was surgically removed at 6.1 years of age. The initial mild symptoms clinically thought to be due to Cushing's syndrome, persisted intermittently without any consistent biochemical abnormality. At 10 years of age height velocity decreased and at 12 years early osteoporosis was observed radiologically. Repeated dexamethasone tests revealed a paradoxical increase in cortisol and corticotrophin from normal basal levels. Further investigation showed a cyclical pattern of hypercortisolism. The removal of a pituitary microadenoma failed to correct the features of Cushing's syndrome or prevent intermittent hypercortisolism. At 15.3 years a second left atrial myxoma was removed. This was followed by bilateral adrenalectomy. Histologically the features were consistent with primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease. This is the first patient described with cyclical Cushing's syndrome as part of this unusual complex of disorders. PMID- 3168307 TI - Depressed natural killer activity in Graves' disease and during antithyroid medication. AB - To investigate the natural killer (NK) cell mediated immunity in Graves' disease (GD) and the effect of antithyroid drugs upon NK cell activity, 51Cr release assay for NK cytotoxicity against K562 cells was examined in patients with GD before and during antithyroid medication and after drug withdrawal. Fifty-eight patients were divided into three groups: the untreated thyrotoxic patients (n = 33), the euthyroid patients under antithyroid treatment (n = 19) and the euthyroid patients after drug withdrawal (n = 6). The results of the three groups were compared to 23, 15 and 5 sex- and age-matched controls, respectively. The data revealed a significant NK dysfunction in the untreated hyperthyroid patients, although the number of the NK cells was not decreased. NK function was normal when patients were no longer taking antithyroid medication and in euthyroid state. However, euthyroid patients under antithyroid medication had markedly depressed NK activity, suggesting an immunosuppressive effect of the antithyroid drugs. This study demonstrated that both the hyperthyroid state and the antithyroid drugs exerted immunosuppressive effects upon the NK cells. Since such an immunosuppressive effect on NK cells might be associated with a decreased immune surveillance against tumour growth, this study implies that a long-term follow up of GD patients treated with antithyroid drugs may be indicated to guard against a possible increased incidence of malignancy. PMID- 3168308 TI - Hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. AB - Ten of 502 patients presenting with thyroid cancer were hyperthyroid due to Graves' disease (4 patients), multinodular goitre (3), an autonomous functioning nodule (1) and a large functioning tumour (2). In addition eight patients had a past history of Graves' disease and four of hyperthyroidism associated with multinodular goitre. Mortality in patients with Graves' disease and with multinodular goitre appeared similar to that of other patients of comparable age. Both patients with large functioning tumours died from progressive disease. Concentration 131I by tumour metastases was present in one patient with active Graves' disease who had a high serum concentration of TSH-receptor binding antibodies, indicating that these antibodies may chronically stimulate tumour function. The potential for 131I concentration by tumour when TSH secretion is suppressed should therefore be determined in patients with Graves' disease and if demonstrable tumour function is present, reflecting stimulation by Graves' immunoglobulins, then elimination of tumour remnants is particularly important. PMID- 3168309 TI - Circulation of a fragment of haemoglobin alpha-chain during a pentagastrin induced flush in patients with metastatic carcinoid tumours. AB - Intravenous injection of pentagastrin (0.6 microgram/kg body wt) into two patients with metastatic carcinoid tumours evoked a severe carcinoid flush. Analysis by reverse-phase HPLC of acetone-extracts of peripheral blood taken from the patients during the flush indicated the presence of a peptide identified as the residues (1-33) fragment of the alpha-chain of haemoglobin. The peptide was not detected in blood taken from the patients immediately before stimulation of the flush or in the blood of healthy subjects after pentagastrin injection. The observation is interpreted as evidence that the pentagastrin-induce carcinoid flush is associated with the activation and possible release of a tumour protease that result in damage to erythrocytes. PMID- 3168310 TI - The response of plasma oxytocin to surgical stress. AB - Recent evidence suggests that oxytocin (OXT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are involved in the response to stress. We have examined the changes in peripheral plasma OXT during abdominal surgery in eight patients (six males, two female; ages 60-82 years) undergoing hemicolectomy and compared the results with those for AVP to the same stimulus. There was no significant change in systolic blood pressure, blood haematocrit or plasma sodium, osmolality or glucose. AVP rose significantly after premedication (from 1.8 +/- 0.3 pmol/l to 5.5 +/- 2.3 pmol/l; P less than 0.05) but the greatest increase (to 35.8 +/- 6.6 pmol/l) occurred after gut manipulation. Plasma OXT concentrations fell slightly with premedication (from 5.7 +/- 2.0 pmol/l to 3.3 +/- 0.9 pmol/l; P less than 0.05) but rose markedly (to a peak of 33.5 +/- 11.4 pmol/l) after gut manipulation. The data support the concept that OXT like AVP may play a role in the neuroendocrine response to surgery. The stimulus to OXT release and its function remain to be determined. PMID- 3168312 TI - Familial partial trisomy 5p resulting from segregation of an insertional translocation. AB - A case of duplication of segment p13-p15 of the short arm of chromosome 5 as the result of an insertional translocation in a mentally retarded girl with congenital anomalies is reported. Some of the apparently balanced carriers of the inverted insertion showed minor congenital anomalies. PMID- 3168311 TI - Comparison of methimazole, methimazole and sodium ipodate, and methimazole and saturated solution of potassium iodide in the early treatment of hyperthyroid Graves' disease. AB - We have evaluated three regimens for the rapid control (10 days' therapy) of thyrotoxicosis in hyperthyroid Graves' disease: methimazole (MMI, 40 mg/day), MMI and sodium ipodate (MMI + Na Ipodate, 1 g/day and MMI and saturated solution of potassium iodide (MMI + SSKI, 6 drops twice daily). When serum T4 and T3 concentrations were analysed as the percent change from pre-treatment values, the following results were observed. Serum T4 concentration decreased in the three treatment groups and the decrease was similar in the MMI and MMI + SSKI groups but significantly lower than in the MMI + Na ipodate group. The serum T3 concentration decreased to the normal range in all seven MMI + Na Ipodate treated patients by the fourth day of treatment and the per cent decrease in serum T3 from pre-treatment values was significantly greater than in the MMI and MMI + SSKI treated patients. The decrease in serum T3 was similar in the latter two groups. Heart rate decreased in all three groups, but the decrease was significantly more in the MMI + Na Ipodate-treated patients. The present findings suggest that the rapid control of hyperthyroid Graves' disease is similar in patients treated with MMI and MMI + SSKI and that the combination of MMI + Na Ipodate is more efficacious since the decrease in serum T3 concentrations and heart rate was significantly greater in the MMI + Na ipodate-treated patients. PMID- 3168313 TI - The fragile X-chromosome: an evaluation of the results in a routine cytogenetic laboratory in the period 1981-1986. AB - We report on the cytogenetic studies, performed in a routine cytogenetic laboratory between 1981 and 1986, on 428 subjects: 291 probands with non-specific mental retardation, 101 first-degree relatives of fra(X) positive patients and 36 non-retarded patients, referred for other reasons. As a rule 50 cells, cultured in folate-deficient medium were analysed. The results are compared with data collected from the literature and with the data expected from prior genetic risks and fra(X) penetrance. If no more than 50 cells were analysed, the fragile site was found in a lower than expected proportion (69.2%) of the retarded first degree male relatives. The conclude that in a substantial number of unselected patients with mental retardation the diagnosis fra(X) syndrome will only be confirmed cytogenetically if at least 100 cells are analysed. Five percent of the male and 10% of the female index patients showed a fragile X-like abnormality, probably not associated with the Martin-Bell syndrome. PMID- 3168314 TI - Myelodysplastic syndrome in a kindred with ins(16) (p11.2). AB - A constitutional karyotypic abnormality, ins(16)(p11.2), is described in a case of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The source of material for this insertion could not be established, but did not arise from either a balanced deletion or translocation, and did not consist of constitutive heterochromatin as defined by C-banding. The same lesion was found in both sisters, both nephews and four of the five great-nephews. Of these, all were phenotypically and haematologically normal, with the exception of a great-nephew who at the age at the age of 6 exhibits features compatible with partial trisomy 16p. The relationship of the karyotypic abnormality to the MDS and partial trisomy 16p in this family is discussed. PMID- 3168315 TI - Heterogeneity of dominant high-frequency sensorineural deafness. AB - There are several types of autosomal dominantly inherited sensorineural hearing loss (AD-SNHL), differentiated by audiograms. It is generally accepted that there are similarities in audiograms among members of the same family with dominant deafness. It has been supposed that AD-SNHL must be divided into several types according to their audiograms or clinical courses. Eighteen families with AD-SNHL are dealt with in this study. By measuring the slope of audiograms and superimposing audiograms, AD high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss can be divided into four types. The first type has the steepest audiograms, the second has somewhat less steep audiograms, the third has gently sloping audiograms, and the fourth has audiograms close to horizontal. In each type "The audiograms breed true", i.e. the audiograms even of members of different families having the same type do not overlap within the limits of error in audiometry. These four types of dominant high-frequency sensorineural deafness appear to be discrete clinical entities. PMID- 3168316 TI - The 49,XXXXY syndrome. Clinical and psychological follow-up data. AB - In this report we give a detailed description of the clinical and psychological follow-up data of three young 49,XXXXY males, paying special attention to changes in intellectual performance and behaviour at different ages. PMID- 3168317 TI - Unusual segregation in a family with a 11/21 translocation. AB - A familial 11/21 translocation is described where the proband has an unbalanced translocation and the oldest translocation carrier shows mosaicism with a partial trisomy no. 21. PMID- 3168318 TI - The Prader-Willi syndrome and the Sotos syndrome: syndromes or sequences? PMID- 3168319 TI - Macrophage and lymphocyte subpopulations in magnifying endoscopic lesions of Crohn's disease. AB - Using dye staining and a magnifying colonoscope, small lesions in the rectum of patients with Crohn's disease (which had otherwise appeared normal on sigmoidoscopy) can be detected. Subpopulations of macrophages and lymphocytes in the abnormal and adjacent normal areas of the rectum were studied using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. There was a distinct increase in RFD9+ and 3G8+ macrophages in the abnormal areas compared with the normal. The CD4:CD8 ratio of lymphocytes in the two areas remained unchanged. PMID- 3168320 TI - Enhancing effects of oral adjuvants on anti-HBs responses induced by hepatitis B vaccine. AB - Hepatitis B (HB) vaccine is very promising for the prevention of HB infection. There exist, however, some non-responders to current vaccination trials. In this study, taurine, parotin and lithium were selected as adjuvants which can be administered orally. The mechanisms of these three materials as adjuvants and their effects on HB vaccine were investigated in mice. For instance, taurine induced polyclonal antibody production and exhibited adjuvant activity. Although taurine did not have any activity on the proliferation of thymocytes nor stimulate IL-2 production, taurine did induce IL-1 production by macrophages. It was considered that taurine-induced IL-1 would play an essential role in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells. Parotin also induced polyclonal antibody production and exhibited adjuvant activity. These effects of parotin were not affected even if macrophages or T cells were depleted, and parotin itself had an IL-1-like activity. Therefore, it was considered that parotin acted directly on B cells by its IL-1-like activity and mitogenic activity, resulting in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells. Lithium induced neither polyclonal antibody production, nor IL-1 or IL-2 production. However, when given with an antigen, lithium activated the humoral immune system, resulting in the augmentation of antibody production. Oral administration of taurine, parotin and lithium were capable of restoring antibody responses to HB surface antigen (HBsAg) in HBsAg-nonresponder mice. Furthermore, taurine, parotin and lithium enhanced the adjuvant effects of aluminium contained in the present HB vaccine. These observations indicate that use of these oral adjuvants may open new perspectives in the field of human HB vaccination. PMID- 3168321 TI - Cellular immune responses of hydatid patients to Echinococcus granulosus antigens. AB - The reactivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 40 hydatid patients to hydatid fluid (HF) and to two hydatid fractions (pH5PPT and pH5SUP) was evaluated by the incorporation of 3H-methylthymidine into DNA. Maximal responses were detected using 200 micrograms/ml protein after 7-9 days incubation. The three antigen preparations were inducers of PBMC proliferation, with a good correlation (r2 = 0.87) of the responses induced by HF and by the fraction pH5PPT, which contains the two major hydatid antigens (5 and B). Lymphocytes from healthy donors and non-hydatid patients showed no response to these antigens. Neither direct nor inverse correlation was found between the results of the serological tests and of the PBMC proliferation assays. The majority of the patients (75%) responded in serological and in cellular tests. Of the remaining patients, six showed high antibody response associated with a negative PBMC proliferation assay and conversely four seronegative patients were found to respond positively in the PBMC proliferation assay. No relationship of the pattern of immune responsiveness to the patient's clinical forms could be established. Use of the PBMC proliferation assay with hydatid antigens appears rational in those patients which are low antibody producers, but the test is still not to be considered applicable for routine diagnosis. PMID- 3168322 TI - Measurement and characterisation of circulating anti-endothelial cell IgG in connective tissue diseases. AB - We have detected circulating IgG antibodies that bind with high affinity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells in 74% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 30% of those with scleroderma and 28% of those with rheumatoid arthritis. IgG binding was F(ab) mediated, and did not involve immune complexes. Anti-endothelial IgG were apparently unrelated to other circulating autoantibodies, including anti-cardiolipin or antiDNA IgG. Bound IgG from SLE or scleroderma patients was displaced by IgG from certain unrelated patients whereas others were ineffective. Anti-endothelial cell IgG from all sera tested were adsorbed by human dermal fibroblasts; erythrocytes and leucocytes each adsorbed a fraction of the activity. Purified IgG did not induce complement-mediated cytotoxicity. We conclude that a discrete group of IgG antibodies is common in connective tissue disease patients, reacts predominantly with endothelial cells and dermal fibroblasts, and may be important in the pathogenesis of vascular damage. PMID- 3168324 TI - Heterogeneity of the immune status concerning anti-thyroglobulin antibody production among patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis; an in vitro study. AB - In vitro anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) production by unstimulated, thyroglobulin (Tg)-stimulated and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 44 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 10 normal individuals was investigated using a biotin-avidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Spontaneous TgAb production by non-T cells alone was observed in some patients. TgAb production induced by Tg was T cell-dependent and not accompanied by nonspecific IgG production. PBL from normal individuals produced no TgAb under any conditions. The patients were divided into four groups: 24 showed no TgAb production under any conditions, eight showed TgAb production only with PWM, seven produced TgAb spontaneously and more with both Tg and PWM, and five showed spontaneous TgAb production but no increase with Tg (four of these five patients showed an increase with PWM). Significant positive correlations between the serum TgAb titre and the amounts of TgAb produced by unstimulated, and Tg-stimulated and PWM-stimulated PBL were observed. It was suggested that spontaneous TgAb production was due to in vivo triggered antibody producing B cells, while the TgAb produced only after in vitro Tg stimulation would be due to Tg-specific memory B cells helped by Tg-specific T cells. The increase in TgAb production due to PWM may be caused by activation of nonspecific helper T cells. These different PBL profiles probably reflect the heterogeneity of the immune status concerning TgAb production among patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. PMID- 3168323 TI - Graves' disease: changes in TSH receptor and anti-microsomal antibodies after thyroidectomy. AB - It has been suggested that intrathyroidal plasma cells are the major site of TSH receptor antibody synthesis in Graves' disease (GD). To investigate this hypothesis, serial serum levels of TSH receptor antibodies, as determined by a recently developed immunoprecipitation assay (IPA), were measured in 13 patients with GD before and after subtotal thyroidectomy (Tx). Pretreatment TSH receptor antibody levels (86.4 +/- 26.8 pM/ml; mean +/- s.d.) decreased significantly due to antithyroid drug therapy to 60.3 +/- 21.5 pM/ml (P less than 0.05) just before Tx. However, 4 h after Tx, there was a significant increase (84.9 +/- 35.5 pM/ml; P less than 0.05) due to leakage of antibodies from the manipulated thyroid gland. After Tx, no major decrease in autoantibody levels occurred; TSH receptor antibodies were still detectable 1 to 7 months after Tx (88.7 +/- 44.6 pM/ml). Neither an acute change nor an overall reduction in anti-microsomal (M) antibody titres was observed after Tx. Our conclusions are that serum TSH antibody levels exhibited a drug-induced decrease before Tx and an immediate, but transient, post operative increase. The post-operative increase was caused by leakage of preformed TSH receptor antibodies from the manipulated thyroid gland. Several months after Tx, TSH receptor and anti-M antibodies were present in the same serum concentrations as before treatment. The present data does not support the hypothesis that plasma cells in the thyroid gland are the major site of autoantibody synthesis in GD at the time of Tx. PMID- 3168325 TI - The IgM receptor in mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - Purified samples of IgM free of IgG and alpha 2-macroglobulin contaminants were obtained from mice sera. Resident peritoneal mouse macrophages poorly phagocytose sheep red blood cells (E) sensitized with purified mouse IgM anti-E. Conversely 62.5% of thioglycollate-elicited macrophages and 10.11% of BCG stimulated peritoneal cells phagocytose IgM sensitized sheep red blood cells. The monomeric and polymeric forms of IgM blocked almost completely the phagocytosis of erythrocytes opsonized with homologous IgM molecules. These data clarifies the controversy concerning the homologous IgM receptor in mouse macrophages and further suggest that it may be used as a marker for macrophage stimulation or activation. PMID- 3168326 TI - Immunoregulatory properties of pulmonary surfactant: influence of variations in the phospholipid profile. AB - The aim of this study was to seek in vitro evidence to support our hypothesis that the immunosuppressive properties of pulmonary surfactant might be influenced by variations in phospholipid composition. Dose response studies conducted in serum-free medium, have demonstrated that pure phospholipids of the major types found in pulmonary surfactant, namely phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) exhibit significant dose dependent suppression of lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) (PC greater than PG greater than PI). By contrast, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), sphingomyelin (SM), and the neutral lipid cholesterol (CH) augment the lymphoproliferative response in serum-free medium. The degree of suppression obtained using mixtures of various ratios of PC, PG and PI depended on the proportion of the most suppressive phospholipids (PC and PG). Similarly, increasing the proportion of PC in mixtures containing variable proportions of PE or CH resulted in increasing suppression of lymphoproliferation. Comparisons of the lipid fractions purified from pulmonary surfactant of three species (human, pig and rabbit) showed that the levels of suppression they induced reflected their relative content of phospholipids with the greatest immunosuppressive properties. We conclude that variations in phospholipid composition may affect the immunoregulatory properties of pulmonary surfactant. PMID- 3168328 TI - Kinetics of glomerular neutrophil influx after lipopolysaccharide in antibody mediated injury. AB - Reconstitution experiments in the heterologous phase of nephrotoxic nephritis (HNTN) have shown that tissue injury is directly related to the number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) infiltrating the glomeruli. Recent studies have indicated that endotoxin pretreatment in this model enhances tissue injury under certain conditions. The aim of this project was to investigate the relationship between glomerular PMN infiltration and tissue injury after endotoxin in HNTN. A dose of nephrotoxic globulin (NTG) that resulted in low levels of albuminuria was chosen. The administration of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to Sprague-Dawley rats 24 h before the induction of HNTN resulted in the earlier appearance of larger numbers of glomerular PMN than in animals injected with nephrotoxic globulin alone (P less than 0.05 at 1/2 and 1 h). However there was no significant increase in albuminuria nor in renal histological damage. There was no difference in the amount or rate of glomerular deposition of the NTG or rat complement between the two groups of rats. The more rapid accumulation of glomerular PMN can, however, be accounted for by the LPS induced activation of endothelium, since endotoxin was detected in the kidneys 24 h after the injection of LPS. No endotoxin was present in the serum at the time of injection of NTG. Thus we have demonstrated in a model of PMN-mediated tissue injury, that an increase in PMN influx is not necessarily associated with exaggerated injury. PMID- 3168327 TI - Treatment of experimental myasthenia with autologous idiotypes linked to muramyl dipeptide. AB - In order to develop a new treatment of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), rabbits were injected with purified acetylcholine receptor (AChR) from Torpedo californica. Polyclonal affinity-purified anti-AChR antibodies (idiotypes, Ids) were coupled covalently to muramyl dipeptide and injected back into the same (i.e. autologous) rabbits from which the Ids were obtained. Treated animals developed anti-Ids that bound to the F(ab')2 fragments of the Ids as demonstrated by ELISA and that also blocked binding of Ids to AChR in a radioimmunoassay. Treated animals showed a protective effect compared to control animals when challenged with a second injection of AChR. Anti-AChR titres in surviving animals achieved a steady-state equilibrium. No apparent toxicity from the treatment was noted. PMID- 3168330 TI - Immunoglobulin replacement therapy by self-infusion at home. AB - Twelve patients, ten with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia and two with hypogammaglobulinaemia secondary to chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), have been taught to self-infuse their intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy. Follow-up of these patients has shown that regular self-infusion at home is feasible and safe. There have been no anaphylactic or other serious reactions. Excellent patient compliance results from greater convenience and control over their own lives, in addition to time and money saved by the hospital. PMID- 3168329 TI - Neutrophil lysosomal degradation of human CRP: CRP-derived peptides modulate neutrophil function. AB - Hydrolysis of human C-reactive protein (CRP) at pH 4.5 and pH 7.4 with neutrophil derived lysosomal enzymes yielded 10% trichloroacetic acid soluble peptides (Mr less than 14,000). These peptides inhibited neutrophil superoxide production, chemotaxis, degranulation and phagocytosis at 2 micrograms/ml. This inhibition was not observed with native CRP or intermediate peptides (Mr greater than 14,000). CRP peptides (Mr less than 14,000) also caused a dose-related inhibition of Quin-2 fluorescence indicating interference with intracellular calcium movements during cell activation. These results point to a potential regulatory role for CRP-derived degradation products on neutrophils during inflammation. PMID- 3168333 TI - Dermatology in black patients. PMID- 3168331 TI - Generation of rabbit antipeptide antibodies to HLA-class II antigens by the use of synthetic peptides. AB - A group of eight synthetic peptides, corresponding in sequence to selected regions of HLA-DQ histocompatibility antigens, was used for rabbit immunization to examine their antigenicity and for localizing exposed regions in the native glycoproteins. Those antibodies were then tested in their ability to recognize the HLA-DQ alloantigens. Seven peptides elicited rabbit antibodies, four of which reacted with human glycoproteins prepared from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. The results indicate that sequence stretches 63 to 79 and probably 82 to 93 of the beta chain correspond to exposed regions in DQw1, DQw2 and DQw3 molecules. However, the specificity of those antipeptide antibodies was low, due to extensive crossreactions with amino acid sequencies of high homology occurring in DQ alloantigens. PMID- 3168332 TI - Mercury-induced renal autoimmunity in the MAXX rat. AB - Inbred Brown Norway (BN) rats treated with mercuric chloride develop autoantibodies to renal basement membranes and an immunologically mediated membranous glomerulonephritis. To date, this experimental rat model of chemically induced autoimmunity has been obtained only in the BN strain, whereas rats from 17 other strains were found to be resistant. This is a disadvantage for mechanistic studies, especially since BN rats have poor fertility. In the present paper we report that the same model can be obtained in another inbred strain of rats, the MAXX, which after exposure to mercury develop a glomerulonephritis characterized by the production of autoantibodies to renal basement membranes. The kinetics of the autoimmune response observed in MAXX rats, as well as the immunohistopathology, histopathology, and proteinuria, are similar to those previously described in BN rats. In addition, the MAXX strain is endowed with excellent fertility. Therefore, both rat strains can be used for comparative studies of the mechanisms of mercury-induced autoimmunity. PMID- 3168334 TI - Vitiligo. AB - Vitiligo is a disease that affects from 1 to 3 per cent of the population. It is characterized by cutaneous white macules that often develop in cosmetically important areas such as the face, the dorsal hands, and the arms. It may be accompanied by ocular abnormalities and a number of associated disorders such as thyroid disease, diabetes, pernicious anemia, and alopecia areata. There is increasing evidence that vitiligo is an autoimmune disease. Although there is as yet no definitive cure, many patients have obtained respectable repigmentation by the use of topical or oral psoralen plus ultraviolet light. When large areas of skin are involved or when the patient is unresponsive to therapy, serious consideration should be given to depigmentation with monobenzone (Benoquin). PMID- 3168335 TI - Requirements in cosmetics for black skin. AB - As large, well-funded cosmetics houses are taking more interest in the needs of black consumers, so should the dermatologist. The dermatologist should be able to discuss intelligently with patients those products that are intended for black skin and hair. Patients also appreciate a referral to a hair stylist or cosmetologist that the doctor is familiar with. As outlined in this article, the most common cosmetics problems encountered by black consumers include the lack of selection of appropriate shades of cosmetics; greasy and irritating "black" make up; irritant or allergic reactions to fragrance and other cosmetic ingredients; acne from "oil-free" products; and a shortage of effective products to treat "ashiness." It is hoped that this review will help the reader understand what black patients may expect from their skin and hair cosmetics. PMID- 3168336 TI - Risk factors and in-hospital course of first myocardial infarction in the elderly. AB - We studied 980 patients with a first episode of unstable angina or myocardial infarction (MI), to examine age-related differences in risk factors and in hospital complications and mortality. Of the total group, 52.9% were over 60 years of age and 24.3% over 70 years. The proportion of females rose with increasing age, as did the proportion of ex-smokers, while the proportion of current smokers fell. Age correlated negatively with total cholesterol levels, and positively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The proportion of hypertensives rose with age, as did in-hospital systolic, but not diastolic, blood pressure. Older patients were more likely to have diabetes, and to have had chronic angina. There was no relation between age and either size or site of infarction. the proportion admitted with unstable angina fell with age, and, among infarctions, the proportion developing complications rose. Mortality rose from 3.1% in the under 60 subjects to 20.0% in those over 70. Cardiogenic shock tended to become more lethal with advancing age, but the outcome of ventricular fibrillation was not influenced by age. With the current aging coronary care population, management and secondary prevention methods derived from studies confined to younger subjects may be inappropriate. PMID- 3168337 TI - Coronary collateral development after acute myocardial infarction. AB - In 31 patients without a history of preinfarction angina, coronary collateral circulation to the completely obstructed coronary artery was evaluated by coronary angiography during a convalescent period of their first myocardial infarction. Collateral visualization (collateral index) was found to be significantly greater in patients with involvement of the right coronary artery (2.1 +/- 1.1, SD) than in those with obstruction of the left anterior descending coronary artery (1.2 +/- 1.0, p less than 0.05). The time interval from the onset of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction to angiographic evaluation did not affect the extent of collateral visualization or the degree of coronary artery disease. These findings indicate that the collateral vessels develop after acute myocardial infarction regardless of the extent of coronary artery disease and accomplish the proliferative process within one month. It is also suggested that the collateral visualization is dependent on the size of perfusion territory of the infarct-related coronary artery. PMID- 3168338 TI - Coronary hemodynamics during left and right coronary arteriography with an ionic and nonionic contrast medium. AB - The direct effects of ionic amidotrizoate (iodine content 370 mg/ml, osmolality 2.1 osmol/kg) and nonionic iopamidol (iodine content 370/ml, osmolality 0.8 osmol/kg) on the coronary circulation were intraindividually compared in 10 patients suffering from coronary heart disease. In accordance with a double blind, crossover protocol, both contrast media were injected into the left and right coronary arteries (8 ml and 5 ml per injection, respectively). Injections of both dyes into the left coronary artery caused a similar decrease in heart rate. The prolongation in the QT interval was significantly greater after amidotrizoate (p less than 0.05). Systolic (p less than 0.01) and diastolic (p less than 0.05) aortic pressures decreased to a greater extent following amidotrizoate injection. Each contrast agent produced a similar increase in coronary sinus flow, but iopamidol resulted in a smaller decrease in coronary vascular resistance (p less than 0.05). After right coronary artery injections, both contrast media caused bradycardia and prolongation of the QT interval, a decrease in systolic and diastolic aortic pressure, a rise in coronary sinus flow, and a lowering of coronary vascular resistance. Though most changes were more pronounced following amidotrizoate injection, the differences in the ionic and the nonionic agent were not statistically significant. Thus, after selective coronary arteriography, both contrast media caused a transient drop in coronary vascular resistance and a rise in coronary sinus flow despite a decrease in aortic pressure. The effects of amidotrizoate were more marked, which might be attributed to the higher osmolality of this ionic contrast medium. Coronary hemodynamics, however, usually returned to baseline values within 1 minute.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3168340 TI - Diagnostic accuracy of 2-D echocardiography for detection of exercise-induced wall motion abnormalities in patients with coronary artery disease: comparison to biplane cineventriculography. AB - To determine the accuracy of two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) for assessment of exercise-induced wall motion abnormalities in patients with coronary artery disease, the results of stress echocardiography were compared with exercise cineventriculography. In 56 consecutive patients, biplane cineventriculography at rest and immediately after supine bicycle exercise was performed. Cross-sectional echo was obtained using the apical two- and four chamber-views for left ventricular imaging under identical conditions. In 6 of the 56 patients 2-D echo, in 8 patients cineventriculogram, and in 2 patients both methods were of inadequate quality at rest or during exercise. Of the remaining 40 patients, 34 had coronary artery disease. Local wall motion in 360 wall segments from these patients was analyzed. In 49 segments (14%) in 24 of these patients exercise-induced ischemic wall motion abnormalities were evident during cineventriculography. Only 24 of these 49 asynergies (49%) were also recognized by 2-D echo. Using cross-sectional echocardiography, ischemia-related wall motion abnormalities were best detected septal, whereas apical asynergies were identified in only 3 of 12 segments (25%). Thus, the clinical value of exercise 2-D echo as a screening method in patients suspected of having coronary artery disease is limited and restricted to patients where excellent visualization of the left ventricular endocardium is possible. PMID- 3168339 TI - Myocardial contractility and performance capacity after magnesium infusions in young healthy persons: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. AB - To evaluate the effect of intravenous magnesium (Mg) treatment on the inotropic state of the heart and maximal work capacity, 9 healthy volunteers were entered in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Separated by an interval of three weeks, the volunteers were tested twice, each time randomly allocated to receive either an intravenous injection of 10 mmol magnesium chloride dissolved in 100 ml isotonic sodium chloride or placebo of isotonic sodium chloride only. Before and after each infusion myocardial inotropism was evaluated by echocardiography. Mitral-septal distance (MSA) was used as a measure for ejection fraction. On each test day an ergometer bicycle exercise test was performed, and maximal work capacity was calculated. Magnesium treatment reduced the MSA (from 4.2 to 2.9 mm, p = 0.07), while no difference was found after placebo treatment. Likewise, a tendency toward increasing fractional shortening after magnesium treatment was detected, although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.1). No difference in maximal work capacity between the magnesium and placebo periods was found. Serum magnesium concentrations and placebo periods was found. Serum magnesium concentrations rose significantly after the infusions (from 0.82 to 1.38 mmol/l, p less than 0.001). It is concluded that intravenous magnesium does not exert a negative inotropic effect on the myocardium as previously stated. On the contrary, we found a tendency toward a positive inotropic effect. However, the observed differences are of borderline statistical significance and a more extended study, employing invasive measurements of cardiac inotropism appears to be necessary. PMID- 3168341 TI - Accuracy of M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of aortic dissection: an experience with 128 cases. AB - The accuracy of combined M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of aortic dissection was evaluated in 673 patients with a clinical suspicion of aortic dissection, over a six-year period. In 128 cases, the diagnosis of aortic dissection was confirmed by angiographic, tomographic (CT scan), or autopsy findings, or during surgery. Two echocardiographic features were found to support a diagnosis of aortic dissection: a dilation of at least one segment of the aorta (sensitivity 95%, specificity 51%) and a typical abnormal linear intraluminal echo corresponding to the intimal flap (sensitivity 67%, specificity 100%). This pathognomonic intimal flap was observed in 86 cases, of which three types could be distinguished: (1) a long oscillating flap (n = 15), (2) a long but minimally mobile linear echo which was duplicated and parallel to one or two aortic walls (n = 64), (3) a short, double linear image with a rapid systolic motion and high frequency oscillations. These features were found to have a high sensitivity in type I aortic dissection (88%), although in types II and III the sensitivity was much lower. In some cases, a fourth type of abnormal image could be detected: a small intraluminal echo moving in parallel to the aortic wall. This feature should be interpreted with caution since its predictive value for a positive examination was low (48%). Out of 23 cases in which the diagnosis of aortic dissection was suspected on the basis of this doubtful abnormal echo, it was confirmed in only 11 patients. The results in these 128 cases of aortic dissection indicate that two-dimensional echocardiography, which is easily performed at the patient's bedside, could take priority in investigations of this condition. It is extremely sensitive in the diagnosis of ascending aortic dissection, but much less so in the diagnosis of descending aortic dissection. PMID- 3168342 TI - Thalassemic cardiomyopathy: echocardiographic difference between major and intermediate thalassemia at rest and during isometric effort: yearly follow-up. AB - Left ventricular (LV) performance was studied in young patients with severe chronic anemia due to beta-thalassemia major, intermedia, and in healthy control subjects. M-mode echocardiograms were recorded in each patient and semiautomatic computerized analysis of the tracings provided data relating to LV performance. Then a statistical analysis of the difference between each specific thalassemic group and the normal subjects was made using Student's t-test for unpaired data. The study showed that cardiac dysfunction is more serious in major than in intermediate beta thalassemia. A follow-up one year later showed a progressive deterioration of the cardiac indices, in spite of treatment with desferrioxamine. A handgrip test was performed in the follow-up study, which permitted us to distinguish different groups relative to the changes in LV performance indices. Our findings indicate that echocardiography provides a simple noninvasive means for assessing changes in the cardiac structure and function, which should also prove useful in the serial evaluation of patients at risk of developing myocardial iron deposition. PMID- 3168343 TI - Acute aortic dissection associated with cocaine abuse. PMID- 3168344 TI - Myocardial abscess due to Fusobacterium following acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3168345 TI - Mitral annular calcification and coarctation of aorta. AB - Although coarctation of the aorta is associated with various cardiac abnormalities, its association with mitral annular calcification (MAC) is not reported. We therefore report a 37-year-old patient with postductal coarctation of the aorta and MAC. Considered to be a degenerative process, MAC is usually seen in elderly patients. It is uncommon in patients less than 50 years old and rare before the age of 40 years. Previous studies have reported increased frequency of cardiac conduction disturbances in patients with MAC compared to age and sex-matched controls. This is in agreement with complete right bundle-branch block noted on the electrocardiogram of our patient. Clinicopathologic correlative studies and long-term follow-up may determine how such conduction disturbances develop and progress. PMID- 3168346 TI - Pulse generator failure due to blunt trauma. AB - This case describes a 69-year-old male who had a permanent pacemaker implanted for sick sinus syndrome. He was struck by a car with a resultant failure of the pulse generator. Trauma-related failure of a pulse generator is a rare event. Its recognition is imperative in the overall management of the trauma patient. PMID- 3168347 TI - Hashimoto's disease in Turner's syndrome. AB - Sera from 52 patients with Turner's syndrome were analyzed for thyroxine and TSH concentrations, resin T3 uptake, and thyroid antibodies. Thyroid antibody titers were compared to those previously obtained in 53 women with long-standing infertility. Thyroid microsomal and/or thyroglobulin antibody titers were elevated to a level diagnostic of Hashimoto's disease (greater than 1:400) in 25 (48%) patients with Turner's syndrome. Microsomal antibody levels only were elevated in five (9%) patients with infertility. The mean microsomal antibody titers in the patients with Turner's syndrome (1:25, 167 +/- 31,531) were significantly higher than in the infertile patients (1:2560 +/- 2149). The incidence of Hashimoto's disease did not differ significantly among the various karyotypes. The entire clinical spectrum of Hashimoto's thyroiditis was present in Turner's syndrome. Three patients had overt hypothyroidism necessitating L thyroxine, four had compensated hypothyroidism (serum TSH concentration greater than 10 microU/L and normal serum thyroxine concentrations), while the remaining 18 had normal thyroid function. No relationship was demonstrated between Hashimoto's disease or family history of thyroid disease and karyotype. PMID- 3168348 TI - Five year follow-up of patients with cancer of the bladder--the Northern Alberta experience. AB - A prospective study of 549 cases of bladder cancer diagnosed in Northern Alberta from 1977 to 1980 shows that after 5 years, 51 patients (9.3%) were lost to follow-up, 318 (57.9%) were alive, and 180 (32.8%) were deceased, of which 98 had died of bladder cancer and 82 of other causes. Of the patients followed for 5 years, 386 had superficial disease at diagnosis. When comparing their survival rates to the expected rates for age/sex matched population, their relative survival rate at 5 years is 84.8% for females and 74.2% for males. For the 112 patients presenting with advanced disease the relative survival rate at 5 years was 32.2% for females and 19.3% for males. Five year recurrence-free interval in patients with superficial lesions was 57.3% when the original lesion was unifocal and 33.5% for patients with multifocal lesions. Survival was affected by stage, age, and sex in patients presenting with invasive disease and also by tumor type and recurrence rate in patients with superficial disease. PMID- 3168349 TI - The immunoenhancing property of dietary whey protein concentrate. AB - The plaque-forming cell response to sheep red blood cells was found to be enhanced in mice fed a formula diet containing 20 g lactalbumin/100 g diet in comparison to mice fed equivalent formula diets of similar nutritional efficiency containing 20 g/100 g diet of either casein, soy, wheat or corn protein, egg albumin, beef or fish protein, Spirulina maxima, or Scenedesmus protein, or Purina mouse chow. This effect was manifest after 2 weeks and persisted for at least 8 weeks of dietary treatment. Mixing lactalbumin with either casein or soy protein in a 20 g protein/100 g diet formula significantly enhanced the immune response in comparison to that of mice fed diets containing 20% soy protein or casein. PMID- 3168351 TI - NMR monitoring of the energy status of skeletal muscle during hemodialysis using acetate. AB - The concentration of phosphate-containing metabolites in the resting gastrocnemius muscle of three patients in chronic renal insufficiency was monitored by NMR spectroscopy before and during their regular hemodialysis using a conventional acetate bath. During dialysis, the muscle ATP concentration did not change, and no significant pyrophosphate accumulation was seen. The intracellular and extracellular inorganic phosphate concentration fell as expected. It is concluded that the rapid metabolism of acetate induced by dialysis does not affect the concentration of high energy phosphate-metabolites in the resting muscle of acetate-tolerant patients. PMID- 3168350 TI - Serum HBV-DNA (hepatitis B virus DNA) in acute and chronic hepatitis B infection. AB - HBV DNA was measured in the sera of 69 patients with hepatitis B virus infections. Sixteen patients had acute hepatitis B, 24 had chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 6 had chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), 5 had cirrhosis without CAH and 18 were asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. In patients with acute hepatitis B who recovered, HBV DNA was present in the serum transiently early in the illness. HBV DNA persisted in the serum in the two patients who developed chronic hepatitis. Sera of 23 of 24 patients with CAH were persistently positive for HBV DNA. There was no relationship between the quantity of HBV DNA in the serum and the histological intensity of activity. Thirteen of the 24 patients with CAH had histological evidence of cirrhosis in addition to CAH and HBV DNA was detected in the sera of all 13. The sera of 2 of 6 patients with CPH were positive for HBV DNA. In one it was positive only where there was clinical evidence of reactivation of HBV infection. The other patient subsequently developed CAH. Sera of 5 patients with established HBsAg positive cirrhosis but without evidence of CAH were negative for HBV DNA. Two of these patients had hepatocellular carcinoma. Sera of 18 asymptomatic anti-HBe positive carriers with normal ALT were negative for HBV DNA. HBeAg and HBV DNA were not always found in the serum together. In acute hepatitis 5 patients with HBV DNA in the serum were HBeAg positive, but in 6 patients the sera were HBeAg positive inthe absenceof HBV DNA. PMID- 3168352 TI - Experimental respiratory infection with Bordetella pertussis in mice: comparison of two methods. AB - The mouse respiratory model is being used increasingly to study the pathogenesis and immunology of Bordetella pertussis infection. Two methods of inoculation, aerosol and intranasal, are routinely used to establish the infection. We compared the two methods of inoculation for reproducibility of infection using quantitative lung cultures and distribution of infection with [35S] methionine labeled bacteria and pulmonary histopathology. Ability to produce a respiratory infection intranasally was related to the inoculum volume; a minimum of 20 microliters was required although considerable variability remained. Lung bacterial counts in identically inoculated mice varied 1,000 fold following intranasal inoculation compared to only 5 fold following aerosol inoculation. Distribution of pulmonary 35S-labeled bacteria varied widely (right lung, 43-84%; left lung 16-57%) following intranasal in comparison to aerosol inoculation (right, 60-68%; left 32-40%). Finally, intranasal inoculation produced a scant, patchy, bronchopneumonia whereas diffuse pathology involving all pulmonary segments was seen following aerosol infection. Due to the superior reproducibility and predictable distribution of infection and pathology, aerosol inoculation is the method of choice for establishing the mouse model of pertussis respiratory infection. PMID- 3168353 TI - An evaluation of measles serodiagnosis during an outbreak in a vaccinated community. AB - During an epidemic of measles in a vaccinated community, five serodiagnostic tests were performed on 67 persons on whom clinical and epidemiological data were available. The test found most suitable for a rapid diagnosis of measles infection was an Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay for the detection of specific IgM antibodies. Only one false negative IgM was recorded. In a group of 45 persons who fulfilled the clinical definition of measles, specific IgM antibodies were detected in the acute phase serum of only 30 (66.6%), of whom 17 were vaccinated. When the convalescent sera were tested, specific IgM antibodies were detected in 25 of the 28 (89.2%) vaccinated, and in 17 of the 17 (100%) non vaccinated clinical cases. A convalescent blood should be tested in persons with a rash illness and no IgM antibodies in the acute phase serum. There were individual variations in the time of appearance of IgM. On the day of onset of rash, IgM antibodies were detected in 7 of the 12 (58.3%). A history of prior vaccination is not always associated with immunity nor with the presence of specific antibodies. PMID- 3168354 TI - From bench to bedside--the impact of the transfer of the new biology to clinical medicine. AB - Recent advances in cellular and molecular biology have enormous implications for clinical medicine. Of particular interest is the ability to diagnose genetic diseases. Although enormous advances have been made in the diagnosis of monogenic disorders, these diseases account for a relatively small percentage of patients seen in adult medicine. Of more interest in terms of clinical impact are the chronic diseases with a genetic component which occur in about 10% of the population e.g. diabetes mellitus, heart disease, malignancy. If a subgroup of patients with a chronic disease such as diabetes mellitus, who are at particular risk to develop complications, can be identified, the physician will have to convince them to alter their lifestyle. The transfer of basic science to clinical medicine may ultimately lead to a greater emphasis on the art of medicine. PMID- 3168355 TI - Canadian Cardiovascular Society, 1988. Scientific program and abstracts. Montreal, Quebec, October 26, 27, 28, 29, 1988. PMID- 3168356 TI - Third European meeting of neuropathology. Verona, September 27-29, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3168357 TI - Anatomic and position-induced increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in the cervical spine on bone imaging. AB - The finding of increased radiopharmaceutical (RP) in the cervical spine was noted in a patient when placed in the full forward flexion position. When imaged in the neutral position, this finding was not noted. A series of 10 consecutive patients demonstrated this finding. The positioning of the cervical spine erroneously manifested increased RP uptake, which may mimic disease and should be taken into account when positioning the cervical spine for routine imaging. PMID- 3168358 TI - Cutaneous gallium uptake in patients with AIDS with mycobacterium avium intracellulare septicemia. AB - Gallium imaging is increasingly being used for the early detection of complications in patients with AIDS. A 26-year-old homosexual man who was HIV antibody positive underwent gallium imaging for investigation of possible Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Widespread cutaneous focal uptake was seen, which was subsequently shown to be due to mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) septicemia. This case demonstrates the importance of whole body imaging rather than imaging target areas only, the utility of gallium imaging in aiding the early detection of clinically unsuspected disease, and shows a new pattern of gallium uptake in disseminated MAI infection. PMID- 3168359 TI - Chronic berylliosis. Demonstration by gallium-67 imaging and magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Ga-67 is known to localize in the lungs in a wide spectrum of pulmonary pathology. The nonspecific affinity of Ga-67 uptake in both inflammatory and neoplastic entities limits its utility in terms of pulmonary disease differential diagnosis. However, Ga-67 lung imaging has proven to be helpful in evaluating the extent of inflammatory activity, as well as in assessing responses to therapy. A case of active chronic berylliosis, a disorder in which Ga-67 uptake has not been previously reported is presented. There is diffuse bilateral Ga-67 pulmonary activity before therapy. Subsequent to steroid therapy, a marked decrease in pulmonary gallium uptake activity was noted with only residual hilar and mediastinal adenopathy noted. PMID- 3168360 TI - Significance of solitary spine abnormalities on technetium-99m bone imaging. AB - Solitary abnormalities located within the spine from 75 bone images with Tc-99m MDP were reviewed. For the sake of convenience, patients were grouped in three classes of age: 15-50, 51-65, and 66-90 years. In 67 cases, the diagnosis was apparent from clinical studies, x-ray examinations, or biopsies. In eight cases, no diagnosis could be made. The maximum percentage of lesion sites were within the lumbar spine (45 cases). Metastatic lesions were the most common solitary abnormalities within the spine (29.3%). Osteoporosis was second (24%) with the maximum percentage in age group 66-99 years (83%) with a greater female predominance (67%). PMID- 3168361 TI - Donor indium-111 leukocyte scan in a nonleukopenic patient. AB - Indium-III leukocytes are useful in localizing infection and abscess with excellent sensitivity and specificity. In this case report, heterologous Indium III leukocytes provided the same diagnostic information as autologous leukocytes without adverse effects to the patient. A potential application of donor Indium III leukocytes in the nonleukopenic patient is discussed. PMID- 3168362 TI - Unusual stress fracture of the scapula in a jogger. AB - A case of fracture of the right scapula in the superomedial portion with no history of direct trauma is presented. It is most likely due to jogging with weights in both hands. A brief review of scapular fractures is also reported. PMID- 3168363 TI - Comparative imaging: spinal vascular malformation. PMID- 3168364 TI - Diffuse muscle uptake of technetium-99M MDP in a patient with lung cancer. PMID- 3168365 TI - Demonstration of tumor microembolism by lung perfusion imaging. PMID- 3168366 TI - Abdominal trauma with leukocytosis and Howell-Jolly bodies. Idiopathic functional asplenia. PMID- 3168367 TI - Attenuation defects caused by prominent clavicles and first ribs in perfusion lung imaging. PMID- 3168368 TI - Detection of osseous lesions in Gorlin's syndrome by technetium-99m MDP. PMID- 3168369 TI - Trochanteric bursitis: bone scan appearance. AB - Trochanteric bursitis is one of the most common soft tissue abnormalities in the hip region, yet it is frequently underdiagnosed. There is a characteristic pattern of uptake seen on the bone scan in patients with this condition. Its recognition is important to avoid misinterpretation of increased trochanteric uptake, particularly in patients with malignant disease, and to aid in the diagnosis and effective management of this treatable condition. PMID- 3168370 TI - Radionuclide evaluation of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity: the need for cautious interpretation. AB - Serial radionuclide angiography is a sensitive technique for the identification of asymptomatic cardiac dysfunction secondary to doxorubicin hydrochloride chemotherapy. However, the results of serial studies must be interpreted with caution in order to avoid labeling variations in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) due to artifact as doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. The use of sequential gated cardiac studies in the evaluation of a thirteen-year-old boy on doxorubicin hydrochloride is presented. Reassessment of the results of these studies showed that technical and biologic factors were the cause of recurring fluctuations in the LVEF, rather than drug toxicity. PMID- 3168371 TI - Gallium localization in dissecting aortic aneurysm. AB - Gallium concentration was demonstrated in a dissecting aneurysm of the aortic arch, imaged approximately 2 weeks after dissection. Concentration of gallium was apparently due to the inflammatory reaction associated with the organizing intramural hematoma. PMID- 3168372 TI - Gallium-67 citrate accumulation in a mycotic popliteal artery aneurysm. AB - A 31-year-old man with bacterial endocarditis developed a mycotic popliteal aneurysm which presented clinically like an acute osteomyelitis. Bone and Ga-67 scanning played a major role in disclosing this unsuspected lesion. Various isotopic techniques proposed for the detection of mycotic aneurysm are reviewed. The potential usefulness of Ga-67 imaging in patients at risk of developing such lesions is discussed. PMID- 3168373 TI - Mediastinal hemorrhage after treatment of thyrotoxicosis using radioiodine. AB - A patient presented with a massive mediastinal hemorrhage due to a ruptured thyroid artery, occurring eight weeks after treatment with radioiodine for thyrotoxicosis. Suspicion of a causal relation is supported by vascular abnormalities found in the thyroid after treatment with radioiodine. PMID- 3168374 TI - The effect of the Garren-Edwards Gastric Bubble on solid and liquid gastric emptying. AB - To determine the effect of the Garren-Edwards Gastric Bubble (GEGB) on gastric emptying, radionuclide solid and liquid gastric emptying in 12 obese patients prior to insertion of the GEGB was studied. Four were restudied at one and seven days and ten patients were restudied at twelve weeks with the GEGB in place. There were no significant differences in liquid gastric emptying at one and seven days nor in solid and liquid gastric emptying at twelve weeks. Solid gastric emptying was significantly decreased from a mean of 63% to 31% after one day (P less than 0.05) and returned to preplacement baseline by seven days. These results indicate that gastric emptying is not significantly changed after twelve weeks with the GEGB in place. Therefore, the mechanism of action for weight reduction with the GEGB is not likely to be mediated by an effect on gastric emptying. However, the solid food-induced dyspeptic symptoms commonly noted 1-3 days after placement of the GEGB, which resolve within seven days, are probably explained by transiently delayed solid gastric emptying. PMID- 3168375 TI - Tc-99m hexamethylpropylene-amine oxine (HM-PAO) uptake in a bone metastasis. AB - Uptake of Tc-99m Hexamethylpropylene-amine Oxine (HM-PAO) was seen in bone metastases from carcinoma of the lung. The uptake was prominent when compared to Tc-99m MDP, I-123 IMP, and Ga-67 citrate. Brain imaging with Tc-99m HM-PAO and N isopropyl-p-[I-123] iodoamphetamine (IMP) is now frequently performed. Uptake of these agents has been reported in brain tumors and melanomas. In this report, uptake of Tc-99m HM-PAO in a metastatic lesion in bone is discussed. PMID- 3168376 TI - Hepatic hypertrophic osteodystrophy detected on bone imaging. PMID- 3168378 TI - Focal uptake on bone imaging in an asymptomatic Schmorl's node. PMID- 3168377 TI - Extensive pelvic infarction diagnosed by radionuclide skeletal and bone marrow imaging. PMID- 3168379 TI - Synovial osteochondroma of the knee in Tc-99m HMDP bone imaging. PMID- 3168380 TI - Diaphragmatic eventration versus chest mass. PMID- 3168381 TI - Visualization of a recanalized umbilical vein on Tc-99m disofenin cholescintigraphy. PMID- 3168382 TI - Sharp bone marrow uptake of indium-111 leukocytes in a splenectomized patient with sclerosing cholangitis. PMID- 3168383 TI - Demonstration of a rectovesical fistula on a technetium-99m MDP bone image. PMID- 3168384 TI - Twelve-hour spontaneous nocturnal growth hormone secretion in growth retarded patients. AB - Twelve-hour nocturnal GH secretion was studied in 30 children with familial short stature (FSS), constitutional growth delay (CGD), total growth hormone deficiency (TGHD), partial growth hormone deficiency (PGHD), or idiopathic short stature (ISS). No difference was observed between subjects with FSS and children with CGD. The mean 12-hour serum GH concentration was significantly lower in patients with TGHD (p less than 0.001), children with PGHD (p less than 0.01), and subjects with ISS (p less than 0.01) than in subjects with FSS and CGD. No overlap was observed between the range of mean concentration values of children with TGHD and that of subjects with FSS. A significant correlation was found between growth velocity expressed as SD from the mean for bone age and GH concentration (p less than 0.001). All patients with a growth velocity less than 3rd percentile for bone age showed a mean nocturnal concentration less than 4 ng/ml. These data suggest that evaluation of 12-hour spontaneous nocturnal GH secretion with GH sampling every 30 minutes can be usefully employed in the diagnosis of GH deficiency. PMID- 3168385 TI - Intracranial tuberculoma. Evaluation and treatment. AB - We used computerized tomography (CT) to screen 83 patients with partial seizures who had 1) increased intracranial pressure; 2) evidence of systemic tuberculosis; or 3) focal neurological deficit. We found intracranial tuberculoma in 20 (24%). In addition, of 55 patients with tuberculous meningitis, 12 had associated tuberculoma. The image morphology on CT scans showed ring lesions (14), discs (10), and irregular coalescing masses (8). Perilesional edema frequently was present. After appropriate antitubercular therapy, clinical outcome for seizures, neurological deficit, and increased intracranial pressure was satisfactory. CT lesions regressed within 12 weeks of inauguration of medical therapy in most patients. Medical management of tuberculoma is advocated, with surgery limited to those in whom such treatment is ineffective. PMID- 3168386 TI - Half-strength TAC topical anesthetic. For selected dermal lacerations. AB - A prospective evaluation of 75 consecutive children with lacerations of the face, lip, and scalp who received TAC (tetracaine, epinephrine [adrenalin], cocaine) topical anesthetic for the repair of their wound was performed. The TAC preparation contained one-half the conventional concentration of cocaine (5.9%) and tetracaine (0.25%) previously used in other studies that have evaluated its anesthetic efficacy. A maximal dosage of 3 ml of TAC (containing 175 mg cocaine and 7.5 mg tetracaine) was applied to each laceration. The diluted TAC preparation provided complete anesthesia for approximately 95% of the more than 400 sutures placed. No adverse reactions were noted in any patient who received TAC, and in no instance did a complication of wound healing occur. The original formulation of TAC was arbitrarily composed, and the maximum concentration per dosage of the potentially toxic component medications of TAC that can be "safely" applied to dermal lacerations in children remains to be defined. Utilization of this diluted preparation will diminish the risk of potential systemic toxicity from the absorbed component medications of TAC without compromising anesthetic efficacy. PMID- 3168387 TI - Pneumoparotid. In cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3168388 TI - Is blood sampling for determination of antipyrine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers ethically justified? PMID- 3168390 TI - Residual analgesic effects of morphine in 55 four-period crossover analgesic studies. AB - Subjective response data from 55 postoperative pain studies were examined for the residual analgesic effects of morphine. The studies were planned as four-period crossover designs for four treatments. Each patient received 5 and 10 mg of morphine and two doses of a test preparation. Two measures of analgesia were used: Sum of the Pain Intensity Difference (SPID) and Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR). To facilitate analysis, two two-period groups were defined. Morphine data for periods 1 and 2 were designated as group A, and morphine data for periods 3 and 4 were designated as group B. Residual analgesic effects were 0.12 for both SPID and TOTPAR in group A and were 0.65 and 0.17 for SPID and TOTPAR, respectively, in group B. In these 55 studies, there was no evidence of significant residual analgesic effects. Thus the crossover design is an appropriate method for the evaluation of selected parenteral analgesics in the postoperative pain model. PMID- 3168389 TI - Selective incorporation of iododeoxyuridine into DNA of hepatic metastases versus normal human liver. AB - Fourteen patients received 5-iodo-2(1)-deoxyuridine (IdUrd) before surgery for placement of a hepatic arterial catheter. Biopsy specimens were obtained at the time of surgery and incorporation of IdUrd into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in tumor and normal hepatic tissue was measured by HPLC and used as an index of drug selectivity. Over a 3-day intravenous infusion of IdUrd at 1000 mg/m2/day, substitution for thymidine in tumor DNA averaged 3.1%. Normal hepatic DNA contained less than 1% substitution by IdUrd. Arterial delivery of IdUrd increased levels in DNA, whereas modulation with fluorodeoxyuridine produced mixed results. In six patients, flow cytometric analysis showed that the tumor contained a median of 32% of tumor cells that had incorporated IdUrd in 3 days, corresponding to a potential doubling time of only 10 days. Thymidylate synthetase activity in tumors was 20-fold greater than in normal liver tissue, whereas thymidine kinase activity was twofold greater in tumors. These pharmacologic studies encourage further clinical trials of IdUrd as a cytotoxic agent or radiosensitizer. PMID- 3168391 TI - Prediction of efficacy and tolerance of oral mexiletine by intravenous lidocaine application. AB - In a controlled crossover trial, 15 patients with frequent ventricular arrhythmias were treated with lidocaine to predict efficacy and safety of oral mexiletine. After an initial control period, patients received intravenous lidocaine (bolus infusion of 200 mg/20 min followed by 3.6 gm/24 hr and for 7 days oral mexiletine (200 mg four times a day). Efficacy was controlled by 24 hour Holter monitoring (responders = suppression of single premature ventricular beats [PVB] greater than 84% and of complex PVB greater than 90%). After lidocaine, 10 of 15 patients (67%) were responders (mean PVB reduction: 97%). After mexiletine, five of 15 patients (33%) were responders (mean PVB reduction: 81%); efficacy was closely related to the plasma concentration. When efficacy of both agents was compared, lidocaine infusion had a positive predictive value of only 50%; however, the negative predictive value was 100%. Thus in nonresponders to lidocaine, mexiletine is very likely to fail in the suppression of ventricular ectopy. PMID- 3168392 TI - Verapamil-induced natriuretic and diuretic effects: dependency on sodium intake. AB - The influence of dietary sodium on the antihypertensive effects of verapamil and on components of sodium, water, and calcium metabolism was studied in nine white patients 50 to 65 years old with normal renin hypertension. Diets consisting of 109 and 259 mEq Na were given for 5 days each before the study drug was given. On days 4 and 9, intravenous verapamil (0.075 mg/kg) and oral verapamil (80 mg) were given, followed by 80 mg at 8-hour intervals for three doses. On days 1, 4, 5, 9, and 10, serum and urine electrolytes, osmolality (urine [Uosm], serum [Sosm], and osmolar clearance [Cosm]), calcium plasma renin activity (PRA), and levels of serum aldosterone, 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D, serum ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone, atrial natriuretic hormone (atriopeptin), and erythrocyte calcium and electrolytes were measured. On days 5 and 10, serial plasma samples for measurement of verapamil and norverapamil levels were drawn immediately after the last oral dose of verapamil. After verapamil, Uosm and Cosm decreased during both 109 and 259 mEq sodium diets (Uosm, p less than 0.025; Cosm, p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.025, respectively), but free water clearance increased during each diet (p less than 0.01). Urine volume and sodium excretion increased with the 259 mEq sodium diet (p less than 0.025 and p less than 0.01, respectively). There were no significant changes in measured values of components of calcium metabolism with either diet or after verapamil.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3168393 TI - The influence of insulin-dependent diabetes on the metabolism of caffeine and the expression of the debrisoquin oxidation phenotype. AB - Twenty-two unrelated healthy subjects and 28 unrelated patients with insulin dependent diabetes were given 200 mg of caffeine and 10 mg of debrisoquin on two occasions. In healthy subjects, caffeine and debrisoquin metabolism and the oxidation and acetylation phenotypes were stable. In the patients with diabetes, the two tests showed a significant decrease in the glycosylated hemoglobin level and a significant increase in the 24-hour elimination rate of all caffeine metabolites. Most of the values were lower compared with those of healthy subjects during the first test. Because of these variations, caffeine cannot be used to determine the rapid or slow acetylator status in patients with diabetes. In contrast, neither the oxidation of debrisoquin nor the phenotypic expression was disturbed. These results reiterate the need for defining the administration conditions and surveying the drugs used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus complications. PMID- 3168394 TI - Polymorphic debrisoquin hydroxylation in 757 Swedish subjects. AB - The metabolic ratios (MRs) between debrisoquin and 4-hydroxydebrisoquin in urine after a single oral dose of 10 mg debrisoquin were bimodally distributed in 757 healthy, white Swedish volunteers. Forty-one subjects (5.4%) had an MR greater than 12.6 and were classified as slow debrisoquin hydroxylators. The MR was reproducible in urine stored at +8 degrees C for 1 week and at -20 degrees C over a period of 5 years. Collection intervals of 6 or 12 hours gave the same MR. Intraindividual repeatability of the debrisoquin phenotyping test was established in 37 subjects examined twice at least 2 weeks apart. The calculated frequency of the single allele that is believed to control deficient debrisoquin hydroxylation is similar among white Swedish people, as among other white groups examined so far; however, it is significantly different from the frequency in certain Oriental groups. Detailed comparisons of the prevalence of slow debrisoquin hydroxylation in different ethnic groups are not possible due to shortcomings in current epidemiologic techniques used (small materials, the location of the antimode distinguishing rapid and slow hydroxylators unknown, and family studies missing). PMID- 3168395 TI - Increased nonrenal clearance and increased diuretic efficiency of furosemide in cystic fibrosis. AB - The pharmacokinetics of furosemide and its diuretic effect were studied in six patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and in six age-matched healthy volunteers. Furosemide was given intravenously at a dose of approximately 0.5 mg/kg. Renal excretion of furosemide was decreased in CF because nonrenal clearance was more than twice as high as in controls (p = 0.03). Nonrenal clearance correlated with the volume of distribution (r2 = 0.52, p = 0.01), which makes a difference in the distribution and binding determinants for clearance. Another reason for increased nonrenal clearance could be induction of drug metabolism in CF, but the excretion of furosemide conjugate did not differ significantly between the groups. Although 26% less furosemide was excreted in CF than in controls (p = 0.03), the diuretic response (calculated as excretion of water and electrolytes) did not differ. Thus the diuretic efficiency was higher in CF for Na+ (p = 0.02), Cl- (p = 0.01), K+ (p = 0.07), and volume (p = 0.005). This difference is probably secondary to the different rates of delivery of furosemide into urine. PMID- 3168397 TI - Response of plasma arginine vasopressin to nicotine in normal man. AB - The response of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) to nicotine administered by chewing gum (Nicorette, 2 mg) was examined in nine healthy volunteers. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, serum osmolality, plasma AVP level, and plasma nicotine level were measured at baseline (control) and at 30, 45, and 60 minutes after initial administration of the gum. There were small increases in heart rate (72 +/- 6.3 to 82 +/- 5.1 beats/min, p less than 0.05) and mean arterial pressure (88 +/- 8.2 to 93 +/- 10 mm Hg, p = NS), while the plasma nicotine level increased to a maximum of 16 +/- 2.0 ng/ml (p less than 0.001). No changes were seen in either osmolality (283 +/- 3.4 mOsm/kg) or AVP level (4.3 +/- 2.0 pg/ml) in eight of the nine subjects who remained asymptomatic. In one subject whose hemodynamic and plasma nicotine responses were similar to the others but who became nauseated, the plasma AVP level increased from 4.2 to 26 pg/ml. These data suggest that nicotine at the plasma concentrations achieved in this study is not associated with stimulation of plasma AVP secretion in normal man. Other factors in association with nicotine use, in this case nausea, may be required for AVP stimulation to occur. PMID- 3168396 TI - The influence of verapamil and nifedipine on hepatic indocyanine green clearance in patients with HBsAg-positive cirrhosis and ascites. AB - The influence of verapamil and nifedipine on hepatic indocyanine green kinetics was studied in 12 patients with HBsAg-positive cirrhosis and ascites. Hepatic clearance and its two biologic determinants, hepatic blood flow and metabolic activity (intrinsic clearance [maximum velocity/metabolite elimination rate constant, or Vmax/km]), were determined from hepatic indocyanine green elimination at steady state in patients with cirrhosis. Acute intravenous administration 10 mg verapamil significantly increased the hepatic indocyanine green blood flow (p less than 0.05), but significantly decreased the hepatic clearance (p less than 0.05), extraction ratio (p less than 0.05) and Vmax/km (p less than 0.05). However, acute sublingual administration of 10 mg nifedipine resulted in no significant change in any parameters of hepatic elimination function. These results show that verapamil, but not nifedipine, might impair the transhepatic extraction activity of hepatocytes in patients with HBsAg-positive cirrhosis and ascites. PMID- 3168398 TI - Tetraploidy in cultured dermal fibroblasts from patients with heritable colon cancer. AB - The incidence of tetraploidy in monolayer cultures of dermal fibroblasts from 40 clinically affected members from 10 families with heritable colon cancer was compared with similar cultures from 40 clinically normal volunteers with three different techniques: (1) metaphase assay (MA), (2) flow cytometry of stationary cell cultures (FCMs), and (3) flow cytometry of proliferating cell cultures (FCMd). In vitro tetraploidy was considered to be present (IVT+): (1) by MA if more than 7 per cent of metaphases were tetraploids, (2) by FCMs if more than 8 per cent of cells in stationary cultures were tetraploids (i.e. DNA index greater than 1), and (3) by FCMd of more than 8 per cent of cells in logarithmic cultures were tetraploids (i.e. DNA index greater than 2). There was excellent concordance between the three assays, which assigned all the 40 HCC patients to the IVT+ category and all the 40 normal individuals to IVT- category. This in vitro data on the incidence of IVT in clinically affected members from HCC families suggested that this putative biomarker for colon cancer proneness may ultimately be useful in identification of such increased genetic risk for colon cancer in such HCC families and further supported the hypothesis that germinal mutations for cancer proneness (detected by in vitro expression of IVT) are relevant in the development of HCC. PMID- 3168401 TI - Revitalizing the federal commitment in support of biomedical research. PMID- 3168399 TI - The breast tumour-associated epithelial mucins and the peanut lectin binding urinary mucins are coded by a single highly polymorphic gene locus 'PUM'. AB - A family of mucin-type glycoproteins, present in human urine, is coded by a single highly polymorphic gene locus PUM. We have previously shown that these glycoproteins carry epitopes recognized by a series of monoclonal antibodies, many of which were raised to the human milk-fat globule membrane, and which bind to a wide variety of carcinomas and certain normal epithelia. Here we show that in the normal human mammary gland, and in breast cancers the epitopes are present on the same family of molecules as that found in urine. Thus the genetically determined variation at the PUM locus accounts for much of the electrophoretic heterogeneity of the mucin-type glycoproteins present in breast cancer and serum from breast cancer patients that has been reported previously. Knowledge of this normal inherited polymorphism is essential to the interpretation of possible changes to these molecules in malignancy. PMID- 3168402 TI - Report of the AFCR Public Policy Committee: current issues in public policy. PMID- 3168400 TI - Serum carcinoembryonic antigen in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: influence of tumour spread, liver impairment, and age. AB - In order to verify the role of CEA in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and to evaluate some influencing factors like age, tumor spread and liver dysfunction, this antigen was measured in the sera of 60 control subjects, 45 patients with pancreatic cancer, 37 with chronic pancreatitis, 67 with benign, and 28 with malignant extra-pancreatic diseases. CEA was found to be elevated in 23/45 pancreatic cancers, in 8/37 chronic pancreatitis, in 17/67 benign and in 9/28 malignant extra-pancreatic diseases. Significant correlations were documented between CEA and age in all the subjects; between CEA and immunoglobulins G in liver cirrhosis and between CEA and alkaline phosphatase in gastrointestinal extra-pancreatic malignancies. In pancreatic cancer higher CEA levels were detected in patients with metastases. We can conclude that CEA is of limited value in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer; it does not seem to be able to detect early pancreatic tumors. Age and liver dysfunction may contribute towards elevating this marker in serum. PMID- 3168403 TI - Second thoughts. PMID- 3168404 TI - What's your malpractice exposure? PMID- 3168405 TI - Supreme Court hits Oregon docs 1.95 million for anticompetitive behavior done in the name of peer review. PMID- 3168406 TI - Quality assurance: the experience of one medical practice. PMID- 3168408 TI - Peace: an unprecedented opportunity. PMID- 3168407 TI - Generic drugs: therapeutic effectiveness and interchangeability. PMID- 3168409 TI - Surgical anatomy of the hand. With special reference to infections and trauma. PMID- 3168410 TI - National Cancer Institute announces new study findings on breast-cancer treatment. PMID- 3168411 TI - Preliminary study suggests role for clonidine in smoking cessation. PMID- 3168412 TI - Overview of studies shows benefit of perioperative heparin use. PMID- 3168413 TI - Treatment of acetaminophen overdose when oral acetylcysteine therapy is not tolerated. PMID- 3168414 TI - Sodium thiosulfate unproven as bromate antidote. PMID- 3168416 TI - Urinalysis. PMID- 3168415 TI - Theophylline toxicity after iodine 131 treatment for hyperthyroidism. PMID- 3168417 TI - Automated urinalysis. AB - Many sources of variation affect urinalysis testing. These are due to physiologic changes in the patient, therapeutic interventions, and collection, transportation, and storage of urine specimens. There are problems inherent to the manual performance of this high-volume test. Procedures are poorly standardized across the United States, and even within the same laboratory there can be significant technologist-to-technologist variability. The methods used can perturb the specimen so that recovery of analytes is less than 100 per cent in the aliquot examined. The absence of significant automation of the entire test, with the one exception of the Yellow IRIS, is unusual in the clinical laboratory setting, where most other hematology and chemistry testing has been fully automated. Our evaluation of the Yellow IRIS found that this system is an excellent way to improve the quality of the results and thereby physician acceptance. There is a positive impact for those centers using this instrument, both for the laboratory and for the hospital. PMID- 3168418 TI - Analysis of urinary sediment by transmission electron microscopy. An innovative approach to diagnosis and prognosis in renal disease. AB - Urinary sediment TEM is capable of unequivocally demonstrating renal tubule cells and distinguishing them from urinary tract epithelial cells. The renal tubule cells and the accompaniments including myeloid bodies, inflammatory cells, or fibrin permit, in a particular clinical setting, synthesis of a meaningful renal diagnosis. Sequential TEM sediment studies can clarify ambiguities in diagnosis. Precisely, when much difficulty is experienced in distinguishing ATN from aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in a patient with sepsis who has received aminoglycoside, urinary sediment TEM can facilitate the differential diagnosis with confidence. In another clinical setting, such as hypersensitivity acute interstitial nephritis, TEM urinary sediment has an irrevocable place by exhibiting the characteristic eosinophil granules that will confirm the above diagnosis, or deny it when they are absent. The morphologic features in the renal tubule cells in the sediment reflect similar changes in the tubular cells in renal tissue. Therefore, the severity of tubular changes are commensurate with the clinical outcome in terms of renal function recovery, need of dialysis, and mortality. The degree of correlation is significant. Thus, slight or no TEM sediment tubular changes signifies a good prospect for renal function recovery and low or no mortality. Conversely, severe tubular changes in the TEM sediment denote persistent renal failure accompanied by high mortality. Furthermore, the most severe tubular changes, found in hepatorenal syndrome, are consistent with its dismal prognosis. PMID- 3168419 TI - Automation and work-simplification in the urinalysis laboratory. A pilgrim's progress. AB - The evolution of the modern clinical laboratory has produced a gap between medical/scientific competence on the one hand and management skills on the other. Physician-managers need both sets of competencies. Concepts of operations management and cost accounting shape criteria for strategic decisions in technology improvement programs. Automation and work-simplification are key strategies for improving cost performance in clinical laboratories. PMID- 3168420 TI - A precursor of language acquisition in young infants. PMID- 3168421 TI - Flashbulb memories for the space shuttle disaster: a tale of two theories. PMID- 3168422 TI - The processing of restrictive relative clauses in Hungarian. PMID- 3168423 TI - Characteristics of developmental dyslexia. PMID- 3168424 TI - Images and inference. PMID- 3168425 TI - Are conceptions of motion based on a naive theory or on prototypes? PMID- 3168426 TI - Comparison of the in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin and 24 other antimicrobial agents against clinical strains of Chromobacterium violaceum. AB - Eleven clinical strains of Chromobacterium violaceum were tested for their susceptibility to 25 antimicrobial agents. Ciprofloxacin was the most active of the compounds tested although norfloxacin and pefloxacin were highly active. No resistance was detected to mezlocillin, piperacillin, apalcillin, imipenem, and aztreonam while a single strain was resistant to ticarcillin. Among the cephalosporin/cephamycin group only cefotetan showed good in vitro activity. Gentamicin was more active than amikacin and tobramycin. Good in vitro activity was also noted for chloramphenicol, doxycycline, and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole while C. violaceum strains were highly resistant to rifampin and vancomycin. The bactericidal activity of selected agents was shown to be concentration dependent using time-kill kinetic studies. Addition of clavulanic acid did not increase the activity of ticarcillin and in one case was shown to induce beta-lactamase. High correlation was noted between the broth microdilution and disk diffusion susceptibility tests in predicting the susceptibility patterns of C. violaceum. PMID- 3168427 TI - Suppurative thrombophlebitis due to Aeromonas. AB - A patient developed lethal suppurative thrombophlebitis and adjacent soft-tissue infection caused by Aeromonas. Potential risk factors included corticosteroid therapy and the use of warm tap water compresses at the site of intravenous catheter-related phlebitis. This case demonstrates the rapidly invasive characteristics of Aeromonas and the need for early surgical intervention in suppurative thrombophlebitis. PMID- 3168428 TI - Etiology and management of malignant hypertension. PMID- 3168430 TI - A computer model to study norepinephrine-induced oscillations of contraction in tail arteries of spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats. AB - The purpose of this study is to develop a computer model of oscillatory contractions in isolated arteries from the tails of spontaneously hypertensive, stroke-prone rats (SHRSP). The computer simulation incorporates biologic data from experiments and mathematic expressions derived from an electric circuit model of the biologic system. The model characterizes the cellular mechanisms which have been proposed to be responsible for the oscillatory activity. Results indicate the ability of the model to provide results which closely match experimentally obtained data. PMID- 3168429 TI - Early identification of patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - In conclusion, early identification of AMI requires the utilization of three main criteria: (1) History and physical examination; (2) 12-lead electrocardiography, and (3) serum protein markers of myocardial cell death. The history may indicate admission for AMI exclusion or unstable angina, although these data remain largely subjective. The physical examination provides few clues in subtle presentations of myocardial cell death, and instead identifies patients with left ventricular dysfunction, often with failure. The 12-lead ECG is an insensitive early indicator of AMI, often identifying 50% or fewer of these patients. Currently, thrombolytic therapy or invasive catheterization techniques such as PTCA are based on 12-lead depictions of acute injury patterns. Finally, serum markers of AMI, particularly myoglobin, CPK-MM isoforms, and new monoclonal antibody assays for CPK-MB may allow early identification of patients with AMI with nondiagnostic ECGs. PMID- 3168431 TI - Parallel algorithms for querying data on two-dimensional electrophoresis gels. AB - This paper describes some parallel processing algorithms for the analysis of two dimensional electrophoresis images. One of the largest processor arrays in the world, CLIP4, at University College London, was used in the research. The paper concentrates on algorithms using CLIP4 for querying the data produced on the gel images. It is shown that many typical queries that researchers request can be answered without removing the data from the processor array, eliminating slow transfer times due to the input/output bottleneck problem. The production of these data by CLIP4 has already been described in two previous papers in this journal. Improvements to the system for the future are also presented. PMID- 3168432 TI - Hierarchical time-oriented approaches to missing data inference. AB - In practice clinical data are nearly always incomplete. When confronted with such data, a physician or investigator must make inferences about missing information. Possible strategies for inference include (1) interpolation, (2) extrapolation, (3) repeating the nearest value, (4) repeating the previous value, (5) patient specific mean values, (6) patient-specific linear regression over time, (7) disease-specific mean values, (8) normal values, and (9) linear regression of correlated co-recorded variables. This study analyzes these strategies in a time oriented data bank of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, demonstrating that more accurate inferences of missing data are obtained when (1) strategies are tailored to the characteristics of the individual variable, (2) time-oriented strategies (e.g., interpolation) rather than non-time-oriented strategies (e.g., disease mean) are incorporated, (3) a ranked set of strategies is incorporated in a hierarchical stepwise fashion, and (4) the degree to which missing data are "nonrandomly" missing is assessed to allow estimation of bias. Interpolation is the best single technique with these data while linear regression of correlated co-recorded variables is a relatively weak technique. Inferences made by these hierarchical time-oriented approaches show significantly smaller mean differences from the actual values than do results from typical statistical package strategies. PMID- 3168433 TI - Qualitative representation of behavior in the medical domain. AB - In medical knowledge-based systems, there is a need for models of the human body which can predict and explain behavior based on qualitative information about the structure and behavior of the body. We present a framework for representing the structure and behavior of physical systems and apply it to the human cardiovascular system. Our framework allows for hierarchical representation of physical systems and facilitates two kinds of reasoning processes: composition of behaviors and qualitative simulation. PMID- 3168435 TI - Application of the neodymium: YAG and KTP532 lasers in head and neck surgery. PMID- 3168434 TI - Theory formation in postulating enzyme kinetic mechanisms: reasoning with constraints. AB - This paper reports on a prototype system for modeling and analyzing the expert reasoning involved in postulating enzyme kinetic mechanisms. It involves data driven, theory-driven, and analogical components of reasoning within a generate and-test cycle. Its central component is a set of domain-specific "filters" for matching experimentally and theoretically derived constraints. The input to the system consists of an abstracted qualitative description of an experiment and prior knowledge reported in the literature. Its output shows how the results match those expected for a set of postulated reaction mechanism models and also provides a trace of which features do or do not match each of the candidate topological models. Results, constraints, and models are all analyzed and compared to those from other, similar experiments. We deduced rules for interpreting the qualitative features of enzyme kinetic experiments from natural language descriptions in the literature and verified that the rules were correct by predicting the results for typical mechanisms. We obtained the correct behavior for all 37 states of a complex enzyme mechanism involving three substrates and three products. We tested our system on data from several published reports dealing with the enzyme hexokinase and obtained detailed listings of the differences in conclusions and interpretation reported in several journal articles. This system, which provides qualitative representations of enzyme kinetic results, should facilitate further experimentation on theory formation in enzyme kinetics and lead to more efficient experimental designs. PMID- 3168436 TI - Use of the Nd:YAG laser in a community hospital to treat lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3168437 TI - Ovarian cancer 1976 and 1981. A tumor registry study. PMID- 3168438 TI - The physiatric evaluation of mobility. PMID- 3168440 TI - Protecting the uninsured. Use of state risk-pools. AMA Council on Medical Service. PMID- 3168441 TI - Public health in Connecticut. PMID- 3168439 TI - Price controls for medical services and the medical needs of the nation's elderly (1). PMID- 3168442 TI - Inhibition of pregnancy before and after implantation in rats with monoclonal antibody against progesterone. AB - A monoclonal antibody against progesterone completely blocked pregnancy when rats were injected intraperitoneally at 0.53 mumol/kg/day on days 1 and 2, or on day 11 of a first pregnancy. The antibody was equally effective when injected again during a second pregnancy. There was no evidence for anti-idiotypic antibody production even when the injection of a heterologous (mouse) antibody was repeated in a second pregnancy. PMID- 3168444 TI - Breastfeeding pattern and the duration of lactational amenorrhea in urban Chilean women. AB - The influence of the breastfeeding pattern and several clinical variables upon the duration of postpartum amenorrhea was assessed in a group of healthy women selected for having had a normal pregnancy and delivery and being highly motivated for prolonged breastfeeding on demand. 676 women who were fully nursing at the second month postpartum entered the study. Supplements were administered to 11% and 48% of the infants by the end of the 3rd and 6th month, respectively. The first bleeding was experienced before the end of the sixth month postpartum by 57% of the cases. Supplementation had a strong negative influence while nursing frequency had a significant positive influence upon the length of amenorrhea. Notwithstanding, a frequency of 8+ suckling episodes per 24 h could not maintain amenorrhea in around half of the subjects. Age and parity had a moderate negative influence upon the risk of experiencing the first postpartum bleeding. Maternal weight and ponderal index, infant sex, birth weight and growth rate showed no significant influence upon the length of amenorrhea. In this urban population selected for having the highest motivation and best breastfeeding performance, the association of breastfeeding with amenorrhea was weak in comparison with what has been described for other populations. The risk of experiencing the first bleeding was reduced while fully breastfeeding with a high number of nursing episodes per day and night, particularly in older women with higher parity. But even in such situation 25% and 50% of the women had started to cycle by the end of the fifth and eight postpartum month. PMID- 3168443 TI - Lipid and lipoprotein changes during the seven days off oral contraception in women using two triphasic preparations. AB - This study was designed to determine whether mean values for lipids and lipoproteins changed during the 21 days on oral contraceptive (OC) preparations and during the seven days off the pills. The design allowed for comparison of the effects of Triphasil and Ortho 777 and for examining the consistency over two pill cycles. The mean values for total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and HDL3-subfraction were consistently lower on Day 20 when compared to Day 2 (p less than 0.05) for the two cycles and higher on Day 2 of Cycle II when compared to Day 20 of Cycle I. This fall-rise-fall pattern was consistent for cholesterol in 17 out of 28 of the women studied and these women were heavier (p less than 0.05), had a greater mean Quetelet Index (p less than 0.05) and had been using OCs for a shorter mean period of time (p less than 0.05). Consistently higher apolipoprotein A1 mean values were found on Day 20 of both cycles for Triphasil users compared to Ortho 777 users (p less than 0.02). This paper discusses the importance of these findings in relation to study design when measuring for differences between OC preparations and changes over time. PMID- 3168445 TI - Lactational amenorrhea and the recovery of ovulation and fertility in fully nursing Chilean women. AB - The probability of experiencing the first postpartum bleeding, the first ovulation and the risk of pregnancy during exclusive breastfeeding was assessed in a selected group of urban Chilean women. Admission criteria included having had a normal pregnancy and a vaginal term delivery of a healthy infant and the desire to maintain breastfeeding for as long as possible. The risk of bleeding and the recovery of ovulation was assessed in 48 women selected for being amenorrheic and fully nursing at day 75 postpartum and their willingness to participate in the blood sampling protocol. The first bleeding and ovulation was experienced while fully nursing by 28% and 26% of these subjects, respectively, at day 180 postpartum. The probability of experiencing the first bleeding and the probability of pregnancy during full nursing were calculated for 236 women not contracepting who were enrolled during the first month postpartum. The cumulative probability of bleeding and of pregnancy was 52% and 9.4% at day 180 postpartum, respectively. The risk of pregnancy was less than 2% in the subset of amenorrheic cases. In this urban population selected for having the highest motivation and best breastfeeding performance, the association of breastfeeding with infertility was too weak to serve as an effective birth spacer, except for the period of lactational amenorrhea. When the first postpartum bleeding took place before the sixth postpartum month in fully nursing women, it had a good predictive value to indicate the onset of a higher risk period. PMID- 3168447 TI - Microsurgical reversal of female mechanical sterilization techniques. AB - This study presents the patient characteristics, the reason for requesting a reversal operation, the surgical technique and pregnancy rates after a microsurgical reanastomosis following a mechanical (ring or clip) method of sterilization in 55 women. A corrected intrauterine pregnancy rate of 90% was obtained. Ectopic pregnancy occurred in 7% of the patients. Human female sterilization presently has a very high probability of being reversible on the condition that a careful mechanical sterilization has been performed. PMID- 3168446 TI - Sexual and reproductive life events in relation to duration of oral contraceptive use. AB - In order to disclose differences between users and non-users of oral contraceptives (OC), 620 women aged 15-54 were invited to participate in an in depth interview about sexual, contraceptive, and reproductive life events. Of the 585 women who participated, 459 were consecutive gynecological in- or outpatients, and 126 were selected from visitors in general practice. Data was analysed by multivariate test statistics. After correction for present age and social class, the duration of use of OC (DOC) among women 15-34 years of age correlated negatively to age at menarche and coital debut and positively to number of sexual partners, oral-genital sexual practice, and number of pelvic inflammatory diseases. Among women over 35, DOC was positively associated only to cigarette smoking. No correlation was found to coital frequency (whether earlier, present or during pregnancy or menstruation), number of births and abortions, or to social classification. In epidemiological research on benefits and risks of oral contraceptives, confounding influence of one or more variables is of crucial importance. The present findings point at sexual and life-style habits as potential confounders in the study of OC and associated diseases. PMID- 3168448 TI - A micro-computer software for the analysis of menstrual diaries: the menstrual diary system. AB - A microcomputer software was developed to analyse menstrual diaries following the reference period method as described in the article "The analysis of vaginal bleeding patterns induced by fertility regulating methods" published in this journal (Contraception, 34:253-260, 1986). The programme allows the analysis of groups of diaries selected according to subjects' characteristics recorded at commencement of the diary. It also offers flexibility in selecting options of analysis within the reference period method. The output can be presented graphically as Box-whisker plots. A tutorial is included in the package. PMID- 3168450 TI - Induced cervical ripening with Mifepristone in first trimester abortion. A double blind randomized biomechanical study. AB - Mifepristone (RU 486; Roussel-Uclaf, Paris, France) is an antiprogesterone used for termination of very early pregnancy. The ripening effect of Mifepristone on the human pregnant cervix was studied in 42 healthy women from 7 to 11 weeks gestation. The women were randomly allocated to oral treatment of either 100 mg Mifepristone or placebo for 24 and 12 hours before vacuum aspiration. An objective method has been designed to measure the force necessary to step-wise dilate the cervix from 4 to 11 mm. Significant (p less than 0.05) changes in the stiffness of the cervix were demonstrated in patients treated with Mifepristone, reflecting ripeness. The treatment was simple and had no side effects. PMID- 3168449 TI - Oral contraceptives and premenopausal breast cancer in nulliparous women. AB - Characteristics of women with potential for modifying the relationship between use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and the risk of premenopausal breast cancer were investigated using data from the Cancer and Steroid Hormone study, a population based, case-control study conducted in eight geographic areas of the United States. Cases consisted of 2945 women who were premenopausal and 20-54 years of age when breast cancer was diagnosed between December 1, 1980, and December 31, 1982; controls consisted of 2646 women with no history of breast cancer who were also premenopausal and 20-54 years of age when selected during the same period. Results are presented with the cases and controls divided into eight groups on the basis of age at diagnosis on selection (20-44, 45-54), parity (0, greater than or equal to 1), and age at menarche (less than 13, greater than or equal to 13). Among nulliparous women who experienced menarche before age 13, the relative risk of developing breast cancer in the age interval 20-44 years is estimated to be 1.0 for never-users of OCs (reference), 1.3 for greater than 0-3 years of use (95% confidence intervals 0.7-2.4), 1.3 for 4-7 years (95% CI 0.7-2.6), 2.7 for 8 11 years (95% CI 1.2-6.3), and 11.8 for 12 years or longer (95% CI 1.4-95.7). OC use is not significantly related to the risk of breast cancer among women in any of the other seven groups. These findings suggest that prolonged OC use may accelerate the onset of breast cancer for a small group of susceptible women while having no appreciable impact on overall risk. The findings should be regarded as tentative, however, since they are based upon numerous comparisons and because age of menarche was stratified at 13 years to highlight the concentration of breast cancer risk apparent in our data. PMID- 3168452 TI - Development of a polymeric releasing device for 2'-carbomethoxyphenyl 4 guanidinobenzoate (a proteinase inhibitor): release rate, in vitro antifibrinolytic activity and in utero contraceptive effect. AB - A polymeric delivery system consisting of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAc) was developed for 2'-carbomethoxyphenyl 4-guanidinobenzoate (MSGB), a potent inhibitor of the sperm enzyme acrosin. The optimal device consists of copolymer with 40% vinyl acetate by weight (EVAc/40), 65% drug loading and MSGB with a particle size of 250-499 micron. This formulation yields a device that is highly flexible and can be shaped to many forms and sizes. Construction of the device does not alter the properties of MSGB. Well controlled release of MSGB from the device occurs in vitro and in the uteri of rats. The in vitro release rate under "infinite sink" conditions is essentially the same as the in vivo release rate. The contraceptive effect of the MSGB-releasing device was tested in rabbits by placing a blank (control) device in one uterine horn and an MSGB-releasing device in the contralateral horn. In contrast to blank devices, MSGB-releasing devices completely prevent pregnancy, not only by inhibiting fertilization but also by decreasing implantation. MSGB possesses high in vitro antifibrinolytic activity. These results indicate that a very flexible device can be constructed for uterine application which retains its contraceptive effect by release of MSGB. The antifibrinolytic activity of MSGB may further decrease the menorrhagia that can be associated with IUD use. PMID- 3168451 TI - The influence of copper intrauterine device on fatty acid composition of cervical mucus lecithin. AB - Fatty acid composition of lecithin was analysed in midcycle cervical mucus obtained from 19 women using a copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) and 16 controls. In both groups, palmitic (16:0) acid was the predominant fatty acid and oleic (18:1) acid the second largest component. In women using a Cu-IUD, levels of myristic (14:0) acid were significantly lower, while levels of linoleic (18:2) and docosahexaenoic (22:6) acid were significantly higher than in controls. These changes in fatty acid composition could not be related to duration of IUD use and were very similar to those observed in women with primary unexplained infertility, suggesting that the Cu-IUD-induced modification of fatty acid pattern in midcycle mucus lecithin may be part of the contraceptive mechanism of action. PMID- 3168453 TI - The effects of the progesterone antagonist RU-486 on mouse preimplantation development in vitro and in vivo. AB - We have evaluated the effects of RU-486 on preimplantation development in the mouse. Female mice received a subcutaneous injection of 1mg RU-486 with hCG on the morning post-coitus. Two-cell embryos were recovered from the oviducts and cultured in the presence or absence of RU-486. Three days later we found that 2 cell embryos exposed to RU-486 in vivo developed to the blastocyst stage at rates similar to control regardless of whether RU-486 was present in culture medium. Transfer experiments revealed that embryos retrieved from RU-486-treated females developed normally in the reproductive tracts of non-treated control foster mothers. However, when control 2-cell embryos were transferred to RU-486-treated foster mothers, development was not supported. We conclude that the contragestational properties of periovulatory treatment with RU-486 is not the result of a direct effect on the cleavage stage embryo but on the reproductive tract of the mother. PMID- 3168455 TI - Metabolic disturbances in the predialytic phase of chronic renal failure. 2nd scientific meeting of the European Study Group for the Conservative Management of Chronic Renal Failure. Rostock, April 9-11, 1986. Proceedings. PMID- 3168454 TI - The zoapatle XIV--the effect of oral administration of zoapatle upon progesterone plasma levels in pregnant rabbits. AB - Oral administration of zoapatle aqueous crude extract (ZACE) made from Montanoa tomentosa or frutescens at doses of 5 mg/day from days 3 through 17 of pregnancy in rabbit, did not modify the normal plasma levels of progesterone. Pregnancy and delivery were similar in controls and zoapatle-treated animals. PMID- 3168456 TI - Serum levels of calcitonin in uremic patients in the predialytic phase and on regular dialytic treatment. PMID- 3168457 TI - Current status of diagnosis and treatment of renal osteodystrophy in the predialysis period. PMID- 3168458 TI - Long-term application of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Effect on its serum level in dialysis patients and on the calcium content of various organs in experimental uremia. PMID- 3168459 TI - Role of keto acids in the prophylaxis and treatment of renal osteopathy. AB - KA administration given in addition to a low-protein diet leads to a reduction of PTH secretion followed by diminishing of osteofibrosis. Osteomalacia will also be reduced by a better control of the calcium-phosphate metabolism, an increase of 1,25-(OH)2-D levels, and a lower burden of aluminum. Therapeutic levels of 25-OH D and calcitonin (caused by simultaneous administration of vitamin D) are probably necessary to achieve this effect. KA are not only the optimum form of substitution in the nutritional treatment of chronic renal failure, but they seem to be very effective in the treatment of renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 3168460 TI - Vitamin nutrition in patients with chronic renal failure and dietary manipulation. AB - (1) Vitamin abnormalities in patients with CRF are frequent and appear early even with mild renal failure; (2) early supplementation with water-soluble vitamins should be given to patients on low-protein diets--the amount of the supplementation, however, remains to be determined; (3) fat-soluble vitamin supplements (A and E) should be avoided and their dietary intake limited, and (4) it is obvious that vitamin nutrition in patients with CRF requires further investigation. PMID- 3168461 TI - 15N tracer kinetic investigations on the protein metabolism in a child with chronic renal failure fed a protein-restricted diet. AB - Administration of EAA and KA in patients with CRF on a protein-restricted diet led to a favourable influence on the plasma protein turnover. This was demonstrated by an increase in the half-life and a decrease in the breakdown rate of plasma proteins measured by the 15N tracer technique. PMID- 3168463 TI - Nutritional requirements and energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry in uremic patients during conservative management. PMID- 3168462 TI - Plasma amino and keto acids in chronic renal failure. AB - During both early and late stages of chronic renal insufficiency the response of BCKA to the disease state, as indicated by plasma levels, differs from that of BCAA. Val is the only BCAA whose concentration changes under the conditions of our study, and this only during the more advanced stages of disease. In contrast, all three BCKA declined, KIVA and KICA even in mild renal failure, showing that already during the early stages of the disease these BCKA levels are decreased. BCKA are more sensitive parameters than the corresponding amino acids with regard to the metabolic dysfunctions characteristic of this disease. Modern analytical methods allow more exact and reliable knowledge of these indicators and thus a better understanding of biochemical mechanisms, possibly resulting in better therapy. PMID- 3168464 TI - Metabolic effects of a very-low-protein, low-phosphorus diet supplemented with essential amino acids and keto analogues in end-stage renal diseases. PMID- 3168465 TI - Effects of essential amino acids and keto analogues on glucagon secretion in normal subjects and in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 3168466 TI - Effects of a vegetarian, supplemented diet on renal function, proteinuria, and glucose metabolism in patients with 'overt' diabetic nephropathy and renal insufficiency. PMID- 3168467 TI - Influence of keto acid treatment on hormonal disorders in chronic renal failure. PMID- 3168468 TI - A comparison of three methods of end-to-end anastomosis in the equine small colon. AB - Six animals were used to compare simple interrupted, simple continuous, and stapled techniques for end-to-end rotated small colon anastomoses. Three ponies were evaluated three days after surgery for adhesion formation and luminal diameter at each anastomosis site. Two ponies and one horse were evaluated 14 days after surgery for adhesion formation. All anastomosis sites were examined histologically for alignment of tissue planes, and evidence of inflammation. No single technique was superior in all areas examined. While only three of the nine anastomoses had mild fibrinous adhesions at three days after surgery, all anastomoses had varying degrees of well-organized adhesions by 14 days after surgery. Three days after surgery luminal diameter was most comprised by the simple continuous technique. Although the simple interrupted technique was most consistent in its alignment of tissue planes, it was only slightly better than the simple continuous pattern. Stapled anastomoses were inverted or everted at all sites examined. Adhesion formation was less extensive, and histologic evidence of inflammation was less severe, in stapled anastomoses. The average times required to complete the simple interrupted, simple continuous, and stapled anastomoses were 22, 14, and 8 minutes, respectively. PMID- 3168469 TI - Neuromuscular disease in a dog. AB - Diffuse neuromuscular disease occurs sporadically in dogs. The most commonly reported diffuse neuromuscular diseases are polyradiculoneuritis (coonhound paralysis), tick paralysis, botulism, and myasthenia gravis (1,2,12). This clinical report describes an atypical presentation of a diffuse neuromuscular disease in a dog. PMID- 3168470 TI - Renal dysplasia in a pig. AB - A diagnosis of renal dysplasia was made in a six-month-old, male, mixed-breed pig. Both kidneys were small, firm, slightly pitted, and contained an indistinct corticomedullary junction. Histologically, primitive tubules were present surrounded by an abundant loose, mesenchymatous stroma. Occasionally, tubules were markedly dilated and lined by a pseudostratified columnar epithelium forming epithelial mats that obscured the lumina. Immature glomeruli were present. Multifocal glomerular sclerosis was evident. Other mature glomeruli were enlarged and characterized by mesangial cell hyperplasia forming an arborizing pattern. PMID- 3168471 TI - Scrotal hernia in rams. A case report. AB - Scrotal hernia in rams is relatively rare. This report would indicate the condition is probably inherited as a recessive character similar to other domestic animals. PMID- 3168472 TI - A pathologic study of wild turkeys in Connecticut. AB - During the 1984 to 1986 spring hunting seasons in Connecticut, viscera from 300 hunter-killed wild turkeys and blood samples from live-trapped wild turkeys were examined in order to establish a health profile on the State's wild turkey population. Seven species of endoparasites were recovered from 224 (75%) of 300 birds: Metroliasthes lucida, Ascaridia dissimilis, Heterakis gallinarum, Syngamus trachea, Capillaria species, Trichomonas gallinarum, and Eimeria species. The most prevalent parasites were A. dissimilis (52%) and M. lucida (37%). Although some turkeys harbored high intensities of these two helminths, there were no associated gross or microscopic lesions nor body weight changes. The prevalence of S. trachea, H. gallinarum, Capillaria and Eimeria species, which are potential pathogenic parasites in domestic and wild turkeys, was very low (less than 3%). Blood samples from 19 live-trapped wild turkeys were negative for hemoprotozoa and antibodies to 15 common bacterial and viral agents. Serum samples from 82 birds were negative for Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. The survey indicates that the wild turkey population of Connecticut presently has little evidence of common infectious diseases and minimal prevalence of potentially pathogenic parasites. PMID- 3168474 TI - Calcinosis circumscripta of the tongue in a cat. AB - A nodular mass present on the ventral surface of the tongue in a mature, castrated male domestic short-haired cat was diagnosed as calcinosis circumscripta. The cat died of end-stage renal disease. Histologically, the multilobulated mass was composed of acellular, fractured loculi separated by thin bands of a connective tissue stroma. Loculi contained a light red crystalline substance, surrounded by amorphous basophilic mineralized material. No specific relationship is suggested between the end-stage renal disease and the tongue lesion. PMID- 3168473 TI - Avian mycobacteriosis in three horses. AB - The clinical, bacteriologic and pathologic findings of three adult horses suffering from avian tuberculosis are presented. Chronic weight loss and hypoproteinemia were pertinent clinical abnormalities in all three horses. Gross pathologic lesions were characterized by chronic enterocolitis with mesenteric lymphadenopathy in two horses and hepatic granulomas in the third horse. The microscopic diagnoses were chronic, non-caseating granulomatous enterocolitis, and necrotizing, non-mineralizing granulomatous hepatitis, respectively. All three horses had granulomatous lymphadenitis of mesenteric lymph nodes with varying degrees of non-mineralizing, coagulation necrosis. Various serotypes of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex were isolated from selected tissues and feces. PMID- 3168475 TI - Ameliorative effects of reduced food-borne fluoride on reproduction in silver foxes. AB - Reduction of ingested fluoride in a skulk of silver foxes resulted in the reduction of fluoride burden, decreased neonatal mortality and increased kit production during a two breeding and whelping season period. PMID- 3168476 TI - The picture of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the elderly. AB - The aim of the study was to analyse the findings obtained in 27 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who lived to be 60 and more. Elderly patients are, more frequently than younger ones, women, mostly with a negative family history (81% vs. 30% in younger patients), with a lower incidence of syncope (11% vs. 25%), smaller myocardial wall thickness and lesser extent of hypertrophy. Elderly patients displayed mitral ring calcification more often (18%) than younger subjects (6%) or those of the same age but free of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (3%). Pathological Q waves on the ECG recording were likewise less frequent (7.6% vs. 20.4%). While elderly patients exhibited manifest proneness to elevated values of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, there were no marked differences in obstruction. PMID- 3168477 TI - The nature of cardiac hypertrophy in acromegaly: an echocardiographic study. AB - M-mode echocardiography was used to study cardiac involvement in 78 patients with acromegaly. Proportionate concentric or eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was a common finding. Calculated left ventricular mass (LVM) was increased significantly in a hormonally active disease group compared to an inactive disease group or a control group (153 +/- 7 vs. 96 +/- 8 and 89 +/- 3 g/m2 resp.; p less than 0.001 for both). The increase of LVM in hormonally active disease is due to predominantly LV dilatation, whereas associated hypertension, if present, aggravates the LVH exclusively due to thickening of the LV wall. Hypocorticalism, if present, does not influence the degree of LVH. Asymmetric septal hypertrophy was not found to be specific for acromegaly and was seen in only 7.7% of patients. There was no correlation between LVM and both the plasma levels of growth hormone and duration of disease. On the basis of a retrospective analysis of LVM in successfully treated patients the authors conclude that specific heart muscle disease in acromegaly, manifesting itself as LVH, is slowly reversible after cessation of the growth hormone hyperproduction. PMID- 3168478 TI - Pulmonary artery pressure changes in primary pulmonary hypertension after verapamil and oxygen. AB - A comparison of verapamil (V) and oxygen (O) effect on pulmonary artery pressures (PAP) was carried out in 7 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). The changes of PAP were examined, first, after O breathing, then after 10 mg of V infused into the pulmonary artery and, finally, after a second oxygen test repeated at the peak of V action. A 15% decrease in PA systolic and diastolic pressures and total pulmonary resistance after V was used as the criterion of a positive effect. The same increase in these parameters was called a negative effect and the remaining changes were considered absence of an effect. The fact of different reactivity of pulmonary vessels to V was confirmed. In 2 patients with a positive response to V, a decrease in pulmonary pressure after O was observed. In 3 patients, the effect of V on PAP was negative and, in the remaining 2, there was no effect at all. In these 5 patients with PAP and total pulmonary resistance values higher than those of the other 2, oxygen did not decrease PAP either. The comparable in magnitude response of PAP on O and V was observed in individual patients with PPH. PMID- 3168479 TI - Main manifestations of carditis in diffuse connective tissue diseases in children. AB - 238 children with diffuse connective tissue diseases were clinically examined with the use of echography. The presence was documented of characteristic morphofunctional changes in the heart in collagen diseases. Characteristic haemodynamic changes (predominantly contraction disturbances in systemic lupus erythematodes and dermatomyositis, and relaxation disturbances in systemic scleroderma) were identified. PMID- 3168480 TI - Epidemiology and possibility of prevention of ischaemic heart disease risk factors among students in various USSR regions. Programme and first results of All-Union Cooperative Study. AB - Screening examination of 12,191 students in their first year of study at medical faculties and technical institutes in Moscow, Kharkov, Alma-Ata and Tashkent showed the following prevalence of major risk factors of ischaemic heart disease among males and females: arterial hypertension: 4.6-17%; 1.2-6.5%; smoking: 20.2 41.0%; 0-3.5%; overweight 6.2-16.9%; 8.1-18.3%; low physical activity: 35.0 67.4%; 40.7-86.4%. Active intervention aimed at preventing the mentioned risk factors, carried out in Kharkov (2 years) and in Alma-Ata (1 year) led to a decrease in the prevalence of arterial hypertension and smoking, and to an increase in the degree of the student's physical activity, but did not have a demonstrable effect on the development of overweight. PMID- 3168481 TI - Psychological correlates of elevated arterial pressure and smoking in adolescents. AB - Psychological characteristics of adolescents with risk factors of cardiovascular disease (elevated arterial pressure - EAP - and smoking) were examined in Moscow secondary school pupils aged 12-14 years, using an abridged variant of the psychodiagnostic MMPI questionnaire. The following characteristics were found to differentiate these youngsters from a comparable control group of youngsters without the mentioned risk factors: increased anxiety, insufficient self confidence, deficient understanding of the motives of their own behaviour, and a tendency to deny their own psychological problems. These characteristics are most pronounced in youngsters with neurocirculatory asthenia of hypertensive type. There were also found specific psychological characteristics differentiating youngsters with EAP from smokers without EAP. The authors point to the possibility of working out differentiated methods of psychological intervention in EAP and smoking in adolescents. PMID- 3168482 TI - Determination of immune complexes in patients with acquired valvular heart disease. AB - The authors investigated the incidence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in 52 patients with acquired valvular heart disease (VHD) and in 50 control blood donors. There was a statistically significant relationship between the CIC occurrence in patients with VHD and the presence of an active process in endocardium. However, no relation was found between the presence of CIC and heart operations, enucleation of palatine tonsils and the past history of rheumatic disease. The authors conclude that CIC investigation is a valuable diagnostic tool in patients with VHD and in those suspected of active infective endocarditis (IE). The obtained results confirm the presence of an immune factor in the etiopathogenesis of IE leading to VHD. However, they do not explain the implantation of the inflammatory process in the heart valves. PMID- 3168483 TI - Comparative estimation of central haemodynamics during dynamic load by impedance cardiography and radiocardiography. AB - 77 unselected patients were examined simultaneously by impedance cardiography and radiocardiography in the recumbent position during dynamic exercise (bicycle ergometry). In all cases evaluable impedance curves were registered till the 100 W load. Stroke volume, estimated by impedance cardiography, is at rest and during exercise by about 30% lower compared to its value determined by radiocardiography. However, the percent increase during exercise is not significantly different with the use of either method. The stroke volumes estimated by both methods correlate significantly at rest and during exercise. This fact shows the usefulness of impedance cardiography for estimating central haemodynamics during dynamic exercise. PMID- 3168484 TI - International travel amongst patients on chronic anticoagulation therapy. AB - The travel habits of a group of patients on anticoagulants after heart valve replacements with mechanical prostheses have been investigated. In spite of their advanced mean age (63 at follow-up) more than half of the patients (55%) thought that they could travel without problems. Of those who had been travelling 56% had been to a foreign country. Only 5% had check-ups of prothrombin time when staying abroad. The adoption of the International Normalized Ratio for prothrombin control, patient education and international agreements making it easier to have check-ups of prothrombin time, can result in more patients on anticoagulants, for different reasons, to travel, thus increasing their quality of life. PMID- 3168485 TI - Rhythmic structures of the aorta in children and young adults. AB - 517 samples of the aorta (descending thoracic and abdominal) from children aged 0 to 14 years and 70 men aged 20-29 years were investigated. Rhythmic structures (RS) were found in 4% of still-borns and in children in their first days of life. Thereafter, the occurrence of RS systematically increased with age, and after the first year of life they occurred in 60% of cases. In men aged 20-29 years RS were transformed in 40% into ribbon-shaped fibrous plaques (FP); in cases when RS were absent, small FP occurred only in 7% of cases. The initial phase of RS development is characterized by impaired and disorganized elastic fibres at the border between the intima and the media. This is followed by migration of smooth muscle cells from the media into the intima and intimal thickening, accompanied with neoformation of irregularly arranged elastic fibres. The next phase, is characterized by fibrous transformation of RS into FP. Similar to aortic RS coronary arteries of children develop "cushions" as a result of hyperplasia of intimal elastic fibres and smooth muscle cells. PMID- 3168486 TI - Investigation of the organ immunospecificity of human elastin by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - The aim of the study was to investigate the organ immunospecificity of human elastin using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Soluble alpha-elastin has been isolated from human aorta and lung. Antibodies against human lung alpha elastin have been raised in young male sheep. No evidence for the existence of an organ immunospecificity of human elastin has been found. PMID- 3168487 TI - Changes in the connective tissue components of the aorta in thymectomized rats. AB - The character and essence of changes taking place in the connective tissue matrix of the vascular wall under the effect of thymus deficiency are not well enough clarified. The aim of the study was to assess the content of collagen, elastin, total glucosamines, total glycoproteins, total nonfibrillar protein and total protein in the aorta total glycoproteins, total nonfibrillar protein and total protein in the aorta of adult thymectomized rats of the Wistar strain and in control animals over a 12-month post-thymectomy period. The amount of collagen and elastin augments both in connection with the aging process (after 2-4 months), and as a result of thymectomy. Glycoproteins show an increase starting from the third month in the controls, and from the fifth month in thymectomized animals. Glucosamines display a fluctuating decrease parallel to aging in either of the groups under study. The content of total protein and nonfibrillar protein reveals no differences worthy of notice. It is reasonable to assume the existence of a correlation between thymus activity and metabolism of the connective tissue components in the vascular wall of rats. PMID- 3168488 TI - The cornea of the sand lance, Limnichthyes fasciatus (Creeiidae). AB - The sand lance, Limnichthyes fasciatus, is a small fish, 15-30 mm in length, found on the Great Barrier Reef. The eyes, which are not covered by a spectacle, are externally placed, move independently, and measure about 1 mm in diameter. The cornea, unusual even in the teleost world, is about 0.14 mm thick, which represents one-seventh of the length of the eye. The layers of the cornea include an epithelium with a complex pattern of surface microplicae, a grossly enlarged basal cell layer, and a thick basement membrane. Structures (iridophores), which may represent the vestigial remnants of a secondary spectacle, are present in the peripheral corneal epithelium. The stroma, which has no Bowman's layer, is composed of lamellae of collagen fibrils but contains no keratocytes. Posterior to the stroma is a thick (0.1 mm) cellular layer that may represent the autochthonous layer seen in some teleost species. An iridescent layer consisting of approximately 70 parallel cytoplasmic plates oriented at right angles to the visual axis lies anterior to a thick Descemet's membrane. There is a single layer of endothelial cells on the posterior surface. PMID- 3168489 TI - Swelling evaluation of "Scyliorhinus Canicula L." cornea. AB - The cornea of "Scyliorhinus Canicula L.," and Elasmobranch fish species, is generally considered to be a nonedematic tissue. We reinvestigated swelling capacities of these corneas by determining ultrastructural morphological parameters such as diameters, interfibrillar distances, and number of fibers per surface following several immersions of 25 micron sections of stroma in 0.15 M NaCl solution. Absorbed solution in corneal extracellular matrix induced changes in the above-mentioned morphological parameters. The generated changes are more important in Scyliorhinus Canicula L. than in mammalian stromas that have been studied. Elasmobranch corneas, however, remain transparent because new morphological parameters of the swelled tissue are still compatible with physical requirements of light transmission. Swelling impact on mammalian corneas, although weaker, generates morphological parameters that will diffuse light and diminish tissue transparency. Sutural fibers, the most original anatomical Elasmobranch species characteristic, are supposed to serve as mechanical binding of collagen network fibers. We observed that sutural fibers do swell by themselves and could additionally canalize solutions in stroma. PMID- 3168491 TI - Zen and the art of brain maintenance. PMID- 3168490 TI - Ocular Capnocytophaga infection in an edentulous, immunocompetent host. AB - Severe microbial keratitis developed in a 74-year-old women receiving long-term corticosteroids. Corneal smears revealed slender, fusiform gram-negative bacilli, but the lesion continued to worsen despite intensive antibiotic treatment. After several days, Capnocytophaga sputigena was identified on culture. Specific antimicrobial therapy was instituted, supplemented with corneal cryotherapy. There was gradual clinical improvement. However, a sterile corneal melt led to the late loss of the eye. Although Capnocytophaga are gingival organisms and usually implicated as opportunists in severely ill, neutropenic patients with oral ulcerations, our patient was edentulous and without systemic immunosuppression. An increased awareness of Capnocytophaga is justified because of their widespread antibiotic resistance, capnophilic cultural requirements, and unusual microscopic and cultural morphology. PMID- 3168492 TI - Pathophysiologic limits to the reversibility of clinical death. PMID- 3168493 TI - Treatment potentials for reversing clinical death. PMID- 3168494 TI - Predicting outcome after resuscitation from clinical death. PMID- 3168495 TI - Impact evaluation in resuscitation research: discussion of clinical trials. PMID- 3168496 TI - Philosophical, ethical, and legal aspects of resuscitation medicine. III. Discussion. PMID- 3168498 TI - Reversibility of clinical death: Symposium on resuscitation research. Pittsburgh, May 2-4, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3168497 TI - Recommendations for future research on the reversibility of clinical death. PMID- 3168499 TI - Clinical death symposium. PMID- 3168500 TI - Prevention of colonization and infection in critically ill patients: a prospective randomized study. AB - In a prospective randomized study to determine whether prevention of colonization of Gram-negative bacteria results in prevention of Gram-negative bacterial infections, 96 intensive care patients were randomly allocated into a control group and a study group. The study group received oral nonabsorbable antimicrobial agents (i.e., tobramycin, amphotericin B, and polymyxin E) in addition to parenteral antibiotics. Colonization with Gram-negative microorganisms in the oropharynx, and respiratory and digestive tracts increased in the control group during their stay, while the study group did not tend to colonize with Gram-negative bacteria. In the control group, 107 nosocomial infections were diagnosed, vs. 42 nosocomial infections in the study group. Nosocomial infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria were significantly less frequent in the study group. Mortality due to an acquired infection was significantly less frequent in the study group. We conclude that colonization, infection, and subsequent mortality by nosocomial Gram-negative bacteria can be prevented by a regime of topically applied nonabsorbable antibiotics. PMID- 3168501 TI - Comparison of efficiency of cardiologists and internists in managing patients with suspected myocardial chest pain. AB - The charts of 56 patients with chest pain who were admitted to the critical care units to rule out myocardial infarction were evaluated concurrently and retrospectively to compare the efficiency of cardiologists and internists. The number of unnecessary days used to rule out myocardial infarction, the number of unnecessary inhospital days used after ruling out myocardial infarction, the length of cardiac work-up, and the length of hospital stay were determined for 23 patients of cardiologists and 33 patients of internists. The cardiologists' patients had fewer unnecessary days after ruling out myocardial infarction (2.76 vs. 0.43 days, p less than .01) and a shorter length of hospital stay (5.15 vs. 2.91 days, p less than .02). We concluded that consideration should be given to increasing and refining the supplementary role of physician-experts to primary care physicians as one means of improved resource allocation. PMID- 3168502 TI - Use of transthoracic bioimpedance to determine cardiac output in pediatric patients. AB - The use of a transthoracic bioimpedance monitor to determine cardiac output was evaluated in critically ill children. The children ranged in age from 10 months to 8 yr and their height and weight ranged from the third to the 97th percentile. Each child had a thermodilution catheter in place to monitor cardiac output. The bioimpedance monitor used in this study, the NCCOM-3, required the input of a constant (L), which was obtained for each individual patient by adjusting the L setting until cardiac output measured by bioimpedance (COBI) was within 10% of cardiac output measured by thermodilution (COTD). This method of determining L was superior to using either measured thoracic length or the manufacturer's guidelines to obtain L and resulted in an excellent correlation between COTD and COBI (r = .94; p less than .05; n = 59). In children less than 125 cm in height, measured thoracic length alone was inadequate to use for L but provided a good approximation of L when multiplied by 1.25. This study suggests that the use of transthoracic bioimpedance to determine cardiac output compares favorably with thermodilution techniques and it is noninvasive. PMID- 3168503 TI - Acquired renal insufficiency in critically ill patients. AB - We undertook a study to determine the frequency, predisposing factors, and outcome in 315 patients admitted to a medical-surgical ICU, of whom 47 (14.9%) subsequently acquired renal insufficiency (ARI) during their stay in the unit. Four well-recognized risk factors for ARI were present alone or in combination in all episodes: hypotension, sepsis, aminoglycoside antibiotics, and radiocontrast dye. Hypotension was the most prevalent factor, present in 42 (85.8%) episodes, and was the sole factor present in 18 (36.7%). Patients with ARI but without hypotension all survived their ICU stay, while only 13 (33%) of 40 with hypotension survived (p less than .05). Neither initial, peak nor change in BUN or creatinine predicted mortality; oliguria was marginally associated with poor prognosis. Our findings indicate that: a) ARI was a frequent and important contributing factor to mortality in our critically ill patients, b) hypotension was the most common of well-recognized risk factors, and c) conditions that predisposed to ARI also predisposed to mortality, although mortality did not appear to depend on the severity of renal insufficiency. PMID- 3168504 TI - Tissue oxygen debt as a determinant of lethal and nonlethal postoperative organ failure. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the concept that tissue oxygen debt reflected by inadequate oxygen consumption (VO2) in the intraoperative and immediate postoperative periods is a common determinant of multisystem organ failure and death. We measured the cumulative tissue oxygen debt during and immediately after 100 consecutive high-risk surgical operations in 98 patients and correlated these data with the subsequent development of lethal and nonlethal organ failure complications. The tissue VO2 deficit was calculated as the measured VO2 minus the estimated VO2 requirements corrected for both temperature and anesthesia; the net cumulative VO2 deficit was calculated as the integrated area under the VO2 deficit-time curve. The maximum cumulative VO2 deficit averaged 33.5 +/- 36.9 (SD) L/m2 in nonsurvivors, 26.8 +/- 32.1 L/m2 in survivors with organ failure, and 8.0 +/- 10.9 L/m2 in survivors without organ failure. The time postoperatively to reach the maximal cumulative VO2 deficit and the duration of the VO2 deficit was greatest in nonsurvivors, less in survivors with organ failure, and least in survivors without organ failure. Although many associated clinical conditions as well as innumerable physiologic mechanisms and biochemical mediators play important roles in tissue injury, tissue oxygen debt reflected by insufficient VO2 appears to be the primary event as well as a major determinant of organ failure and outcome. PMID- 3168505 TI - Effects of ibuprofen on neutrophil function and acute lung injury in canine endotoxin shock. AB - The role of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte in the development of acute lung injury has been the subject of much controversy. Experimental lung injury is associated with peripheral leukopenia and the intrapulmonary sequestration of leukocytes. We have previously shown that ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug, can improve the hemodynamic alterations of canine endotoxin shock. Ibuprofen has also been found to decrease leukocyte adherence. We investigated the dose response of ibuprofen on the increased neutrophil adherence and the extent of lung injury associated with canine endotoxin shock. Single doses of ibuprofen (1, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg iv) were administered 15 min after Escherichia coli endotoxin. Endotoxemia resulted in leukopenia and an increased neutrophil adherence in both aortic and pulmonary artery blood. Endotoxin-treated animals exhibited increased neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, a marker of lung injury. The 20-mg/kg ibuprofen dose decreased aortic granulocyte adherence at 30 min, while all ibuprofen doses decreased the aortic adherence at 120 min. The increased pulmonary artery neutrophil adherence was not affected by ibuprofen. Histologically, lung injury was manifested by intravascular leukostasis. Ibuprofen treatment did not affect the histologic or morphometric extent of the lung injury. The leukopenia and increased neutrophil adherence occur rapidly after endotoxemia and are associated with subsequent intravascular sequestration of leukocytes. Agents designed to prevent lung injury must either be given before the insult or be able to block the effects of the toxic products released by the activated granulocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3168507 TI - A new infant ventilator for normal and high-frequency ventilation: influence of tracheal tube on distal airway pressure during high-frequency ventilation. AB - A new infant ventilator for both normal and high-frequency ventilation is described. High pressure gas delivered via a jet in the breathing limb of a T piece, in which there are no valves, drives respiratory fresh gas (RFG), supplied to the tracheal tube from any low pressure source, into the lungs. Observations on anesthetized rabbits showed that after setting up for a PaCO2 of 36 torr at 30 cycle/min, it remained around 36 torr when the ventilation frequency was progressively increased to 200 cycle/min. The mean peak proximal airway and tracheal pressures were 13 and 12, 11 and 7, and 13 cm H2O (PEEP 2.1 cm H2O) and 7.4 cm H2O (PEEP 3.1 cm H2O) at 30, 100 and 200 cycle/min, respectively. In this open valveless breathing system, desynchronized spontaneous and artificial ventilation occurred quietly without any marked variation in the airway pressures. This preliminary study on a new pneumatic system shows its potential for simplifying and improving infant ventilation. PMID- 3168506 TI - Association between renal and sympathetic responses to nonhypotensive systemic sepsis. AB - We investigated the association between plasma catecholamines and the renal response to nonhypotensive sepsis. Arterial plasma catecholamines were measured in 16 sheep, before and 24 h after surgical induction of peritonitis. Animals were volume loaded with lactated Ringer's solution (8 L/24 h) before and after surgery; non became hypotensive. For analysis, animals were retrospectively divided into those with increased serum creatinine after 24 h of sepsis (group 1, n = 8) and those without (group 2, n = 8). Group 1 showed increased cardiac index and decreased systemic vascular resistance typical of severe sepsis, with decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), oliguria, sodium retention, increased plasma renin activity (PRA), decreased urinary kallikrein excretion, and increased urinary 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1 alpha excretion. Group 2 showed insignificant hemodynamic disturbance, and no significant renal response. Plasma catecholamines were equal in both groups at baseline. In group 1, there were uniform increases after 24 h in plasma norepinephrine (474 +/- 115 to 1183 +/- 158 [SEM] pg/ml; p less than .01) and plasma epinephrine (108 +/- 8 to 309 +/- 70 pg/ml; p less than .05). In group 2, neither plasma norepinephrine (343 +/- 59 to 330 +/- 56 pg/ml) nor plasma epinephrine (116 +/- 16 to 116 +/- 13 pg/ml) changed significantly. Plasma norepinephrine correlated inversely with GFR; plasma epinephrine correlated with PRA. The sympathetic nervous system may be involved in the renal response to nonhypotensive sepsis, both directly and via effects on other vasoactive hormone systems. PMID- 3168508 TI - Evaluation of pulse oximetry as a continuous monitoring technique in the neonatal intensive care unit. AB - We tested a number of pulse oximeters in a neonatal ICU to assess their performance as continuous monitors. Using a computer-based data acquisition system and a movement sensor, we determined the proportion of time that the oximeter was unreliable as the duration of monitored time that the oximeter heart rate (HR) differed from a "true" HR by greater than 10 beat/min using each of the oximeters in both their short and long averaging mode. The tested devices were found to be unreliable for 11.9% to 25% in the short averaging mode, and from 13.8% to 29% in the longer averaging mode. Most of the HR discrepancy was secondary to movement of the extremity. A newer model of one of the devices, which uses ECG R-wave detection to trigger optical pulse scanning, was associated with markedly reduced motion artifact (2.1% to 4.1%) when it accurately interpreted HR. The response of the devices to an acute loss of pulsation revealed differences in design and performance with some oximeters indicating zero saturation and others continuing to display a value while indicating a "low quality signal." Pulse oximeters are a valuable adjunct to clinical oxygen monitoring and, when properly applied and reliably indicating the infant's HR, will accurately reflect arterial saturation (r = .8, p less than .0001). ECG synchronization appears to reduce motion artifact when the ECG R-wave is detected. PMID- 3168509 TI - Topographic location of the left atrium by computed tomography: reducing pulmonary artery catheter calibration error. AB - Two potential errors of pulmonary artery wedge pressure measurement that have received little attention are improper anatomic referencing of the transducer and nondependent placement of the pulmonary artery catheter tip. Transducers are often referenced to the midaxillary line of the supine patient. We utilized CT of the chest to determine accurately the topographic location of the left atrium to evaluate the accuracy of referencing the transducer in this position and to investigate atrial location in the lateral decubitus positions vis-a-vis external landmarks, so that more accurate referencing could be performed with a pulmonary artery catheter tip in the dependent lung. A prospective group consisting of ten patients referred for chest CT as well as retrospective review of 40 chest CT scans served as the study population. This study demonstrated a discrepancy between the perceived midaxillary line and the true location of the midleft atrium. Lateral decubitus CT scanning revealed a more readily localizable surface anatomic landmark which consistently and accurately predicts midleft atrial location. In addition, the appropriate decubitus position guarantees dependent catheter tip placement (Zone 3). PMID- 3168510 TI - Comparison of cardiac output estimation by thoracic electrical bioimpedance, thermodilution, and Fick methods. PMID- 3168511 TI - Use of labetalol in trauma. PMID- 3168513 TI - Acute renal failure during nifedipine therapy in a patient with congestive heart failure. AB - A patient with congestive heart failure and normal renal function developed anuria during treatment with nifedipine. This acute renal failure was reversible after discontinuing the drug. Other possible causes of renal function deterioration were excluded. We suggest that nifedipine may have acutely altered renal hemodynamics. PMID- 3168512 TI - Survival in complicated diphenhydramine overdose. AB - This report describes the first case of an adult to survive all the major complications of diphenhydramine hydrochloride overdose, including hyperpyrexia, status epilepticus, coma, and cardiac arrhythmias. Physostigmine appeared to be of benefit in reversing these abnormalities in combination with other therapies. PMID- 3168514 TI - Is 50% oxygen harmful? PMID- 3168516 TI - Adult epiglottitis in a patient with a history of difficult intubation. PMID- 3168515 TI - Bradycardic responses to endotracheal suctioning. PMID- 3168517 TI - Intermediate intensive care unit in New Jersey. PMID- 3168518 TI - Gliomas with dural invasion: computed tomography and angiography. AB - This report is a review of the findings of computed tomography and angiography of eight supratentorial gliomas with dural invasion. Computed tomography revealed localized increases in the thickness of ring enhancements at the sites of dural invasion in four cases, which was attributed to increased blood supplies by the meningeal vessels. Angiographically, feeders from the meningeal vessels entered the tumors mostly through relatively broad areas of tumor-dura attachment. A sunburst type of neovascularity from a meningeal artery was seen in only one case. In most such cases the differential diagnosis from meningioma was possible by the computed tomographic and angiographic findings. Selective external carotid angiography was the most important examination for diagnosing dural invasion by gliomas. PMID- 3168519 TI - Secondary ependymoma presenting as a presacral mass. AB - Ependymomas are common types of tumors occurring within the brain and usually derive from the ependymal lining, especially of the ventricles. Ependymomas also occur, usually within the spinal canal, as primary intramedullary lesions or as late "drop" metastases from intracranial ependymomas. Extradural ependymomas are rare. They could occur as intraspinal or extraspinal lesions. We hereby report a case of an extradural (intraspinal) lesion with extraspinal extension, the extraspinal lesion being presacral in position, which presented with urinary and colonic symptoms. The lesions were secondary ependymoma subsequent to an intracranial ependymoma previously treated by combined surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy 4 years earlier. The extradural and extraspinal site of the secondary lesion as well as its mode of presentation are noteworthy. PMID- 3168520 TI - Wyburn-Mason syndrome: report of a rare case with computed tomography and angiographic evaluations. AB - A case of Wyburn-Mason syndrome comprising unilateral retinocephalic vascular malformations is reported in a 7-year-old girl presenting with proptosis of the left eye associated with injection of the bulbar conjunctiva. This rare congenital vascular disorder is reviewed in the literature, and in particular the neuroradiological findings are detailed in the presented case. PMID- 3168521 TI - Diagnosis of anemia on computed tomography scans of the thorax. AB - Scans of 14 patients with hemoglobin levels of 7.6 to 10.2 grams/deciliter (gm/dL) were positive for the diagnosis of anemia. All demonstrated the interventricular septum and ascending and descending aortic walls. Scans of 23 patients with hemoglobin levels of 10.5 to 12.8 gm/dL were positive for the diagnosis of anemia in 11 and negative in 12. The ascending and descending aortic walls were seen 39% and 48% of the time, respectively. Scans of 13 patients with hemoglobin levels of 12.9 to 16.0 gm/dL were negative for the diagnosis of anemia. PMID- 3168522 TI - Computed tomography characteristics of intermesenteric hematomas. AB - Abdominal bleeding may accumulate in the peritoneal cavity, retroperitoneal compartments, intraabdominal organs such as liver or bowel wall, or, rarely, in the intestinal mesentery. During the past 3 years we have encountered four cases of isolated mesenteric hematomas that were demonstrated on abdominal computed tomography examination. In this report, we present the clinical and computed tomography findings of intermesenteric hematomas with review of the pertinent mesenteric anatomy, and add four more cases to the two cases reported in two earlier reports. PMID- 3168523 TI - Computed tomographic appearances of massive neonatal hemangioma of the liver: a case report. AB - The unusual computed tomographic appearances of a hepatic hemangioma in a neonate are reported. The liver was replaced by cystlike spaces that enhanced with contrast. These blood-filled spaces were responsible for the cardiac failure that improved following ligation of the hepatic artery. PMID- 3168524 TI - Computed tomography findings in squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas. AB - This case illustrates previously unreported computed tomography findings in a primary pancreatic squamous cell carcinoma, an unusual pancreatic malignancy. With bolus injection of intravenous contrast, attenuation of this tumor increased from 35 to 61 Hounsfield units, a finding not typical for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3168525 TI - Computed tomography manifestation of a triple-barreled aortic dissection: the Mercedes-Benz mark sign. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) findings of a rare case of triple-barreled aortic dissection was described. CT demonstrated the extent of dissection, a communication between two channels, and three lumens separated by the intimal flap and a thin undetached tunica media, resembling a Mercedes-Benz mark. PMID- 3168526 TI - Accessory cardiac bronchus: demonstration by computed tomography. AB - Distinctive computed tomography features of the accessory cardiac bronchus are illustrated. Bronchial anomalies, while rare, are important to recognize, especially if bronchoscopy or surgery is anticipated. Related clinical symptoms are thought to be secondary to retained secretions. PMID- 3168527 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of renal vein and inferior vena cava thrombosis in a patient with glomerulonephritis: a case report. AB - We report a case of bilateral renal vein and inferior vena cava thrombosis in a patient with membranous glomerulonephritis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 3168529 TI - Computed tomography in the evaluation of lymphoma of the uterine cervix. AB - Primary involvement of the uterine cervix is a rare presentation of extranodal lymphoma. The clinical and computed tomography findings are described in four patients ranging from 23 to 74 years of age. All presented with vaginal bleeding. Computed tomography findings were similar to those of other primary pelvic neoplasms, with diffuse uterine enlargement and lobular contour alteration often mimicking fibroids. Lymphadenopathy was not observed in comparison to secondary lymphoma of the female genitalia. All patients had excisional biopsies. One patient had an initial TAH and BSO. Histology was varied with one case of large cell lymphoma, one of diffuse histiocytic, one of unclassifiable poorly differentiated lymphoma, and one of nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma that was finally classified as granulocytic sarcoma. Disease extent could be assessed by computed tomography and aided treatment planning. In conclusion, computed tomography was found to be useful in the evaluation of uterine lymphoma. Although the findings are not specific, the local tumor extent can be evaluated at the same time as other sites of potential involvement. PMID- 3168528 TI - Air-fluid level in axillary vein simulating abscess. AB - Demonstration of an air-fluid level in the body wall on a computed tomography examination usually suggests the presence of an abscess or a postoperative fluid collection. However, the small amount of air that frequently is injected during intravenous contrast administration may result in a similar computed tomography appearance. PMID- 3168530 TI - Traumatic avulsion of the ureter: computed tomography correlation. AB - Avulsion of the ureter is a rare but significant traumatic injury, and there is often a delay in diagnosis and treatment. Radiologic signs have been described for intravenous urography but are not always present. To our knowledge, the computed tomographic appearance of avulsion of the ureter has not been described. Herein, we report the contrast-enhanced computed tomography findings in a case of traumatic avulsion of the ureter. PMID- 3168531 TI - Computed tomography in acute alcoholic myopathy. AB - We describe a case of acute alcoholic myopathy evaluated by computed tomography. Computed tomography showed a low-density, delimited area in the semimembranous muscle and edema of the subcutaneous cell tissue, permitting determination of the extent of the disease and its localization for purposes of biopsy and fasciotomy of the affected muscle. PMID- 3168532 TI - The computed tomography mucous bronchogram sign. AB - Mucous secretions filling the bronchial tree may be identified on computed tomography (CT) as low-density, treelike branching structures within consolidated or collapsed lungs similar to air bronchograms. These mucous bronchograms may occur from mucoid impaction of the bronchi distal to an obstructing lesion of the bronchus, most notably bronchogenic carcinoma, and from conditions that cause impaired mucociliary transport. In most cases, thin-section CT (5 mm) will demonstrate the presence or absence of an obstructing tumor involving the bronchus and will allow a correct assessment as to the cause of the mucous bronchograms; however, on occasion mucus within the central bronchi may result in a false-positive CT diagnosis of obstructing tumor. The demonstration of mucous bronchograms within a thoracic mass indicates that the mass is consolidated or collapsed pulmonary tissue and allows distinction from pleural disease. PMID- 3168533 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of white matter changes in traumatic leukoencephalopathy. AB - Computed tomography has become a prime method of examination after trauma. We report a case of traumatic leukoencephalopathy detected with high-field strength, heavily T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in a patient with minimal computed tomography findings. PMID- 3168534 TI - Noncolloid neuroepithelial cysts in the lateral ventricle: magnetic resonance features. AB - Two patients with presumed intraventricular neuroepithelial cysts are reported. Their characteristic features on magnetic resonance imaging are described, and the importance of demonstrating the cysts' walls is underscored. PMID- 3168535 TI - Ct detection of cerebral metastases inapparent on magnetic resonance imaging scan. AB - We report a case of malignant melanoma, metastatic to the brain, in which disease was not detected by magnetic resonance imaging but was detected by contrast enhanced computed tomography. At least in some instances, magnetic resonance imaging fails to detect disease that is apparent by computed tomography. PMID- 3168536 TI - Computed tomography of hemorrhage in a pituitary adenoma without apoplexy. AB - Hemorrhage in a pituitary adenoma is a rare occurrence. Before computed tomography became the primary imaging modality for the sella, hemorrhage in pituitary adenoma was always diagnosed during operations or at autopsy. A patient with subacute hemorrhage in a nonfunctioning chromophobe pituitary adenoma with computed tomography findings is reported. The clinical presentation was unlike a pituitary apoplexy. PMID- 3168537 TI - Renal sinus malignant lymphoma: a case report. AB - We report a case of renal sinus non-Hodgkin's lymphoma without contiguous adenopathy. Magnetic resonance and computed tomography images of this rare tumor were correlated with a pathologic specimen. On computed tomography the renal sinus lymphoma was evaluated as a well circumscribed, low-density mass owing to the mixture of the lymphomatous cells and fat tissues. Magnetic resonance showed the replacement of the renal sinus fat tissues with a spoke-like solid mass. The renal artery and vein were also evaluated thoroughly and were without tumor thrombosis. PMID- 3168538 TI - Rhabdomyolysis: computed tomography findings. AB - Computed tomography scans were performed on two patients who presented with clinical rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure secondary to myoglobinuria. Localized muscle swelling with patchy focal areas of low attenuation were demonstrated. Computed tomography may be helpful to clarify the nature and extent of the muscle injury in the appropriate medical setting. PMID- 3168540 TI - Computed tomography of calcified metastases to skeletal muscle from adenocarcinoma of the colon. AB - The computed tomography findings of three cases of adenocarcinoma of the colon metastatic to skeletal muscle are presented. The metastases ranged in size from 8 cm to 12 cm. Two of the cases demonstrated decreased attenuation and all cases demonstrated calcifications. PMID- 3168539 TI - Case report: calcified liver metastases from osteosarcoma. AB - A case is presented in which calcified metastatic nodules in the liver from a primary osteosarcoma of the femur were demonstrated by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 3168541 TI - Computed tomography of isolated osteoblastic colon metastases in the bony pelvis. AB - Skeletal metastases from colorectal carcinoma are unusual and osteoblastic metastases are quite rare. Three cases are described in which an isolated recurrence of a previous colorectal carcinoma occurred within the pelvic bones, without evidence of skeletal metastases elsewhere so that local spread via portocaval anastomoses in the pelvis is postulated. In all three cases, proliferative calcification and new bone formation occurred within an expansile, destructive lesion, suggesting the occurrence of a synergistic effect between the underlying bone and a malignant neoplasm which has a propensity to calcify. PMID- 3168542 TI - Mediastinal adenopathy and endobronchial involvement in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. AB - Mediastinal adenopathy and endobronchial metastases are sometimes the only radiological manifestation of metastatic disease from extrathoracic neoplasms. We report on four patients in whom hilar and paratracheal adenopathy (n = 3) and endobrochial involvement (n = 1) were the only intrathoracic manifestations of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Three of the patients had nephrectomies 9 months to 4 years before the appearance of intrathoracic disease; another patient presented with medastinal disease as the initial manifestation of renal cell carcinoma. If a patient with a history of renal cell carcinoma develops pulmonary hilar adenopathy, metastatic disease should be suspected and appropriate diagnostic measures should be taken. PMID- 3168543 TI - Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of thymic cyst. AB - A case of mediastinal thymic cyst evaluated by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is presented. The anterior mediastinal mass was well-demarcated and measured 10 Hounsfield units on the computed tomographic scan. The lesion showed intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighting and became hyperintense on T2-weighted images. These computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging features suggested a cystic structure, which proved to be a benign thymic cyst on pathologic examination. PMID- 3168544 TI - Computed tomography of low periesophageal focal fat collections. AB - Focal fat collections in the middle compartment of the lower mediastinum are reported in the literature. However, this explanation for a mass in that location is not widely recognized. We found four cases of focal fat collections on routine computed tomography. We then reviewed 100 consecutive computed tomography scans and found another four examples. PMID- 3168545 TI - Giant fibroadipose polyp of the esophagus. AB - A patient with giant fibroadipose polyp of the esophagus is reported. A new observation, a corrugated appearance localized to the segment of the esophagus containing the intraluminal tumor, is discussed. In addition, the computed tomography appearance of the tumor is presented. PMID- 3168546 TI - Computed tomography evaluation of pathologic processes in the potential spaces of the mediastinum. AB - The potential spaces of the mediastinum can be involved in a variety of disease processes and become evident by computed tomography study. The potential spaces may be distended with air, blood, inflammatory exudate, excessive fat, or tumor which separates and displaces the normal mediastinal structures. Seven cases with various pathologic processes are selected to demonstrate the computed tomography characteristics of such lesions. We emphasize the importance of computed tomography in evaluating and understanding various disease processes involving the potential spaces in an often widened mediastinum. PMID- 3168547 TI - Computed tomography in the evaluation of adrenal glands in infants and children. AB - The most sensitive indicators of an abnormal adrenal gland have been a change in the margin of the gland from concave or straight to convex, and the presence of calcification. Large adrenal glands that have preserved normal shape and in postintravenous enhancement show homogeneous increased density indicate hyperplasia. PMID- 3168548 TI - Red/orange person syndrome. AB - We present a case of a patient whose skin turned orange overnight. The patient had tried to commit suicide by taking approximately forty 300 mg rifampicin capsules. Her case served as a stimulus for us to review the literature. Photographs taken during the initial work-up recorded the changes; her normal skin color returned within twenty-four hours, although her urine and tears remained orange for several days. PMID- 3168549 TI - Unilateral onychodystrophy secondary to nail biting. AB - Whether or not nail biting is a sign of underlying psychiatric disorders is the subject of controversy. We report here a case of nail biting that was unusual in its pattern and severity, and occurred in a patient with previously diagnosed psychiatric disease. The literature regarding psychiatric disease associated with self-inflicted nail disease is reviewed. PMID- 3168550 TI - Atrophie blanche in chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - Atrophie blanche is a syndrome of painful vasculitic infarctive lesions of the lower extremities that heal leaving characteristic atrophic, porcelain white scars. The syndrome may occur as an idiopathic entity or associated with various hematologic and collagen vascular disorders. We present the first recognized case of atrophie blanche in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia. This presentation may be part of the expanding spectrum of nonspecific cutaneous manifestations of leukemia (leukemids). PMID- 3168551 TI - Nail involvement in lichen planopilaris. AB - A patient with lichen planopilaris with peculiar leukonychia is described. The histologic findings from examination of the nail biopsy specimen are discussed. PMID- 3168552 TI - An unusual case of varicella involving the penis. AB - An unusual case of varicella involving the penis is presented. Herpetiform ulceration of the penis in a person who has had promiscuous sexual contact is not necessarily herpes progenitalis, since varicella may also involve the penis. PMID- 3168553 TI - Multiple connective tissue nevi. AB - Connective tissue nevi are uncommon, and rarely suspected clinically because of their diverse morphologic presentations. Histologically, we define connective tissue nevi as discrete areas within the papillary or recticular dermis where a clear predominance or depletion of collagen, elastin, or glycosaminoglycans may be found. We report a case of multiple connective tissue nevi with a predominance of dermal collagen deposition, without extracutaneous findings and no family history of connective tissue nevi. These lesions can thus be classified as being of the eruptive collagenoma type. PMID- 3168554 TI - Seasonal periodicity of perforated gastric ulcer. AB - The seasonal periodicity of perforated peptic ulcer of the stomach was analysed among 296 patients operated at seven departments of gastrointestinal surgery in Denmark between 1975 and 1984. Admissions were significantly higher in August and September with a tendency, although not significant, in March also. This pattern was unaffected by age and sex. PMID- 3168555 TI - Distribution of Campylobacter pylori in dyspeptic and non-dyspeptic gastroenterologic patients. AB - The presence of Campylobacter pylori (Cp) in antral biopsies from patients undergoing routine gastroscopy or ERCP was determined by microbiological and histological methods and correlated to the histopathology. 322 endoscopies were performed. Of 125 Cp positives only one did not present with histopathological evidence of gastritis. In patients with gastritis the percentage positive for Cp was highest (88.6) in severe gastritis. We also found a highly significant correlation of Cp to all types of ulcers. There was good agreement between microbiologically and histologically demonstrated Cp. Our findings were in agreement with previously published reports. PMID- 3168556 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases in hetero-, homo- and bisexual males in Copenhagen. AB - This study is a mapping of intestinal protozoal and pathogenic bacterial infections, and sexually transmitted urethral and anorectal infections among 365 consecutive male patients attending a veneric disease (VD) clinic in Copenhagen. The profile of diseases was strongly correlated to sexual life-style. Amoebiasis and giardiasis were found respectively in 31.9% and 13.8% of homosexuals. None of the heterosexuals had pathogenic protozoa. Protozoal infections were correlated to anilingus. Forty-five percent of the patients were infected in Denmark. Travelling to endemic areas was of no obvious importance. Among males with homosexual partners, 14% had rectal infections. Gonococcal and chlamydial infections were equally frequent. Three percent had symptomatic anorectal herpes simplex infection and 11% anal warts. Gastrointestinal symptoms were not reliable indicators of gastrointestinal infection; symptoms were claimed frequently among homosexuals without infections compared to heterosexuals. Urethral gonorrhoea and/or chlamydia infections were diagnosed in 39% of the heterosexuals compared to only 10% of the homo-bisexuals. Twelve percent of the homosexuals had untreated early syphilis, whereas syphilis was exceptional among heterosexuals. The total burden of infections expressed as the actual number of infections was largest among homosexuals, 40.4%, 22.4%, and 5.3% having one, two, and three infections respectively. PMID- 3168557 TI - Frequency of Alzheimer's disease in a postmortem study of psychiatric patients. AB - The brains from 100 consecutive patients dying in psychiatric departments were subjected to a neuropathological study with a quantitative evaluation of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. Histologically, Alzheimer changes were found in 63.4% of the group with the clinical diagnosis of senile dementia and in 60% of the arteriosclerotic dementia group. In other clinical groups (schizophrenic, manic-depressive, and "other disorders") the percentage of Alzheimer changes was about 30. Thus, Alzheimer changes were not only present in the group of patients with the "correct" psychiatric diagnosis senile dementia, but were also frequent among patients with other psychiatric diseases where no clinical suspicion of Alzheimer's disease had been forecast. Alzheimer's disease may, thus, contribute to or be concealed by other psychiatric diseases and should be considered in all geronto-psychiatric cases. PMID- 3168558 TI - Plasma free and sulfoconjugated dopamine in man: relationship to sympathetic activity, adrenal function and meals. AB - Peripheral venous plasma free and sulfoconjugated catecholamines, dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) were measured in normal men (n = 6-7) during conditions significantly altering adrenal and sympathoadrenal function (influence of corticotropin, furosemide, hypoglycaemia and clonidine), after dopamine receptor blockade with metoclopramide and after meals. Median (range) basal plasma free DA concentration was 0.13 (0-0.72) nmol/l and median (range) basal plasma conjugated DA concentration was 15.16 (6.34-45.03) nmol/l. Meals increased plasma sulfoconjugated DA markedly from a median value of 14.97 nmol/l during fasting experiments to a median value of 33.01 nmol/l (p less than 0.05). Plasma free DA did not change in the meal experiments. No changes in plasma DA were observed after administration of corticotropin, furosemide, clonidine, and metoclopramide or during hypoglycaemia. The results suggest that plasma sulfoconjugated DA is derived at least in part from the gastrointestinal tract and not from the sympathoadrenomedullary system as hitherto proposed. PMID- 3168559 TI - Bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy using a limited intake of electrolyte solution for cleansing. A comparison between peroral and rectal intestinal lavage evaluated through degree of cleansing, acceptability by the patient and nursing time involved. AB - In a randomised single-blind study, peroral intestinal cleansing was compared with rectal lavaging in 55 completed colonscopies. After rapid oral intake of 1.5 l cold (5-7 degrees C) electrolyte solution, a better cleansing of colon was observed than after rectal lavage. A majority of patients preferred this method. More than one hour per patient of the nurses' time was saved in the electrolyte solution group. The amount of electrolyte solution used was less than in previous studies. It did not result in undesirable fluid retention in the colon. No serious side effects were observed, and only minor changes in the patients' weight and plasma osmolality occurred in the electrolyte solution group. PMID- 3168560 TI - Increased urinary excretion of beta-aminoisobutyric acid in a Danish family. AB - During collection of a control material for determination of urinary excretion of beta-aminoisobutyric acid (beta-AIB), female high excretors were found in four generations in a Danish family. The heredity seemed to be sex related and dominant, unlike previous communications about genetically conditioned high excretors of beta-AIB. PMID- 3168561 TI - Cigarette smoking, airway hyperresponsiveness, and asthma. PMID- 3168562 TI - Pulmonary infections in the immunocompromised host. Perspective on procedures. PMID- 3168563 TI - Mortality and sleep apnea. The trouble with looking backward. PMID- 3168564 TI - Alphabet soup reheated. PMID- 3168565 TI - Ten-year experience with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe respiratory failure. AB - In the last ten years, 17 patients with respiratory failure refractory to standard ventilator therapy have been treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) at the Toronto General Hospital. One patient was treated with ECMO twice. Four perfusions were veno-arterial, the remainder veno-venous. Perfusions ranged from 1 1/2 to 19 days, with a mean of six days. Ten patients died during treatment or soon after it was discontinued. Eight patients improved enough to allow resumption of standard ventilation, and four patients recovered sufficiently to have normal arterial blood gas levels on room air. Three are long term survivors. Multiple surgical procedures have been performed successfully during use of ECMO including lung lavage, open lung biopsy and three lung transplants. Major complications include hemorrhagic diatheses and sepsis. The technique involves a substantial commitment of time and personnel but remains a tenable option for presumed reversible life-threatening respiratory failure. PMID- 3168566 TI - Passive smoking and the seasonal difference of severity of asthma in children. AB - To learn whether asthmatic children are affected by passive smoking, we studied 240 unselected consecutively referred asthmatic subjects, aged 7 to 17 years. To discover whether children of smokers are affected more severely during the cold, wet season, when windows are closed and children are indoors, than during the warm, dry season, when houses are well ventilated and children spend more time outdoors, we compared lung function tests recorded during the two seasons. If seen during the cold, wet season, children of smoking mothers compared with those of nonsmoking mothers had a lower FEV1% (74 vs 86, p = .00), FEF25-75 percent (56 vs 75, p = .00) and PC20 histamine (0.85 vs 1.95, p = .01). There was a highly significant correlation between the number of cigarettes the mother smoked in the house and each of these lung function test results, indicating a dose-response relationship. Those seen during the warm, dry season, by contrast, did not have lower mean spirometric test results if their mothers were smokers than if nonsmokers, and there was no correlation between the number of cigarettes the mother smoked in the house and the result of any lung function test. Our results strongly support the hypothesis that cigarette smoke from the mother aggravates her child's asthma. PMID- 3168567 TI - Comparison of the oral and intravenous routes for treating asthma with methylprednisolone and theophylline. AB - To compare intravenous and orally administered corticosteroids and theophylline in treating acute episodes of airways obstruction, patients with recent worsening of obstructive symptoms were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received methylprednisolone, 80 mg/24 h, and aminophylline by continuous infusion. Group B received a comparable dose of a sustained-release theophylline and methylprednisolone, 80 mg in two equally divided doses, by mouth. Assessment of response was based on daily spirometric tests and evaluation of dyspnea and wheezing. Arterial blood gas and serum theophylline levels were also measured. The groups were comparable with respect to age, sex distribution, smoking history, and spirometric evidence of obstruction. Initial spirometric test results showed moderate obstruction, equal in the two groups. Obstruction improved markedly by both spirometric and clinical criteria in the four-day study period. The improvement in FEV1 and dyspnea index was slightly greater for group B, but the differences were not significant. We conclude that oral administration of steroids and theophylline is as effective as intravenous use in treating hospitalized patients with moderate exacerbations of airways obstruction. PMID- 3168569 TI - Development of significant coronary artery lesions in areas of minimal disease. A common mechanism for coronary disease progression. AB - In 62 patients with coronary disease who had serial arteriograms without intervening coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or percutaneous transluminal coronary arteriography (PTCA), progression was seen in 48 (77 percent). Progression from a normal or minimally narrowed lumen diameter to narrowing greater than or equal to 75 percent (to greater than or equal to 90 percent) in 21 patients) occurred in at least one vessel in 33 patients (69 percent) (group A, type I progression). Less striking progression and progression of initially more severe lesions was seen in 15 of 29 patients without type 1 progression (Group B) and in other vessels in 12 group A patients. Improvement in at least one vessel was seen in eight patients. There was no difference between groups A and B in the incidence of risk factors, intervening myocardial infarction, or recent unstable angina. It is concluded that progression of occlusive coronary disease occurs as commonly in areas of the coronary tree that are minimally diseased as in segments that are initially severely narrowed. Methods to stabilize the endothelium may prevent progression of coronary artery disease. PMID- 3168568 TI - Arrhythmias in the assessment of coronary artery reperfusion following thrombolytic therapy. AB - Arrhythmias are used as markers of coronary reperfusion after administration of thrombolytic agents. We studied the effects of coronary recanalization on the development of arrhythmias in patients receiving thrombolytic agents during the early hours of acute myocardial infarction. Acute cardiac catheterization, assessing perfusion of the infarction-related artery and identifying the arrhythmias, was performed within eight hours of onset of symptoms. Fifty-six of 67 patients (84 percent) studied had total occlusion of the infarction-related artery, 25 of whom had restoration of coronary flow during the 90 minutes after initiation of therapy; 31 had no evidence of reperfusion. Eleven patients had subtotal vessel occlusion that did not change appreciably during therapy, and 20 patients (30 percent) had transient arrhythmias. There were no significant differences in the frequency of arrhythmias: 36 percent of reperfused patients, 19 percent of nonreperfused, and 45 percent of subtotal occlusion patients. Only bradyarrhythmia was significantly related to the restoration of flow of the right coronary artery. Other rhythm disturbances, including accelerated idioventricular rhythm, did not correlate with a change in the perfusion status of the vessel. Bradycardia may be a useful marker for right coronary artery reperfusion. Arrhythmias in general are not specific for coronary reperfusion and should not be used as event markers. PMID- 3168570 TI - Improved accuracy of the exercise electrocardiogram in detection of coronary artery and three-vessel coronary disease. AB - The study objective was to assess the widespread applicability of ST/HR slope for the modified Bruce exercise test using a computerized electrocardiogram (ECG); compare the usefulness of the ST/HR slope with standard ECG criteria in detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) and identification of three-vessel or left main CAD; and then develop a new, modified ST/HR score (MSHS) for improving the diagnostic accuracy of ST/HR slope. The studies were retrospective and prospective in design, conducted in referral-based cardiology clinics at a national cardiovascular center. A selected sample of 142 patients underwent exercise ECG and coronary angiography, as did a normal control group of 402 patients who were apparently free from CAD. Sixty three other patients who underwent coronary angiography were also studied prospectively. No limitations of medical treatment were exacted for the test except digitalis treatment. Linear regression analysis, from which ST/HR slope was derived, was done with seven measurements of HR and ST displacement at 60 ms from J point in leads a VF and V5 during 6 min before the end of exercise. MSHS was derived from a multiple regression model with peak HR (% maximum HR), ST index (ST depression + ST slope), and ST/HR slope. Although the usual ST criteria (sensitivity = 63 percent, specificity = 73 percent), ST index (71 percent, 80 percent), and ST/HR slope (70 percent, 97 percent) were equally accurate in detection of CAD, MSHS showed significantly improved sensitivity (88 percent) with similar specificity (81 percent). In identification of three-vessel or left main CAD, when compared with other criteria, ST/HR slope and MSHS provided improved diagnostic accuracy: sensitivity (74 and 78 percent, respectively), specificity (88 and 93 percent) and overall test accuracy (85 and 89 percent). The improved accuracy of ST/HR slope and MSHS was prospectively validated in 63 other patients. ST/HR slope was applicable to computerized ECG data for the standard treadmill test, and showed improved accuracy in detection of three-vessel or left main CAD. The new, modified ST/HR score more accurately predicted not only the presence but also the severity of CAD. PMID- 3168572 TI - Pressure controlled inverse ratio ventilation in severe adult respiratory failure. AB - Thirty-one patients with severe respiratory failure who were failing volume controlled conventional ratio ventilation were placed on pressure controlled inverse ratio ventilation (PC-IRV) for a total of 4,426 patient-hours. The PC-IRV resulted in a reduction of minute ventilation from 22 +/- 1.0 L/min (mean +/- SEM) to 15 +/- 0.7 L/min. Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) was reduced from 66 +/- 2.3 cm H2O to 46 +/- 1.6 cm H2O and positive end expiratory pressures (PEEP) from 15 +/- 1.0 cm H2O to 2.5 +/- 0.5 cm H2O. Mean airway pressure increased from 30 +/- 1.7 cm H2O to 35 +/- 1.7 cm H2O. Oxygenation (PaO2) improved from 69 +/- 4.0 mm Hg to 80 +/- 4.5 mm Hg. The PaCO2 and arterial pH were not significantly changed. There were no significant changes in mean hemodynamic pressures. A lung compromise index (FIO2.PIP.10/PaO2) retrospectively distinguished between successful and unsuccessful PC-IRV episodes. These data suggest that PC-IRV can be successfully and safely implemented in critically ill patients with severe respiratory failure over prolonged periods of time resulting in significant improvement in oxygenation at lower minute volume, peak airway pressure and PEEP requirements. PMID- 3168571 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in patients with acute leukemia. AB - The utility of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in determining the causative agent of pulmonary infiltrates in patients with acute leukemia is not known. We retrospectively evaluated the diagnostic yield of BAL in 22 adults with acute leukemia and compared the results with those at autopsy performed within three weeks of BAL. All patients had neutropenia and thrombocytopenia at the time of BAL, were receiving broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, and 15 were also receiving amphotericin B before BAL. The median interval between the detection of pulmonary infiltrates and BAL was seven days (range, 0 to 23 days); the median interval between BAL and autopsy was nine days (range, 1 to 20 days). The diagnostic yield of BAL was 15 percent (3 of 20 specific diseases); all three were Candida pneumonia. The sensitivity of BAL was 75 percent and its specificity 100 percent, for Candida pneumonia. BAL did not result in a specific diagnosis for the 17 remaining diseases, nine of which were Aspergillus pneumonia. In seven patients in whom autopsy was performed within 72 hours of BAL, lavage results correlated with those of autopsy in only one who had Candida pneumonia. All BAL cultures were falsely positive, except in four cases of Candida pneumonia. The therapeutic regimen was not modified according to the BAL results in any of the 22 patients. There were no major complications associated with the procedure. PMID- 3168573 TI - Hypokalemia induced by inhaled bronchodilators. AB - Since parenteral beta 2-adrenergic stimulation can induce hypokalemia, we postulated that administration of beta 2 adrenoreceptor agonists by inhalation could induce the same. We administered the usual clinical doses of three commonly used bronchodilators to each of six subjects receiving assisted mechanical ventilation in line with the ventilator: two beta 2-adrenoreceptor agonists, metaproterenol, 5 percent solution, and isoetharine, 1 percent solution; and the anticholinergic agent atropine as a control. Each bronchodilator was nebulized over 10 to 15 minutes in random order, four hours apart, and given to every subject. Plasma potassium was measured at five-minute intervals and arterial blood gases at 15-minute intervals, for a total of 50 minutes after administration of each bronchodilator. Following administration of each drug, plasma potassium showed an average decline. The mean decline in plasma potassium from baseline was statistically significant for metaproterenol (p = 0.04) and atropine (p = 0.001) but not for isoetharine (p = 0.09). Although there were no statistically significant differences among the declines in plasma potassium induced by the three drugs, metaproterenol caused the greatest decline (-0.6 mEq/L). PMID- 3168574 TI - "Density mask". An objective method to quantitate emphysema using computed tomography. AB - We used a computed tomography (CT) scanner program ("density mask") that highlights voxels within a given density range to quantitate emphysema by defining areas of abnormally low attenuation. We compared different density masks, mean lung attenuation, visual assessment of emphysema and the pathologic grade of emphysema in 28 patients undergoing lung resection for tumor. In each patient, a single representative CT image was compared with corresponding pathologic specimens of tissue. There was good correlation between the extent of emphysema as assessed by the density mask and the pathologic grade of emphysema. The optimal attenuation level to define areas of emphysema may vary in different scanners, but, once determined for a particular scanner, the density mask accurately assesses the extent of emphysema and eliminates interobserver and intraobserver variability. It has the added advantage of determining the exact percentage of lung parenchyma showing changes consistent with emphysema. PMID- 3168575 TI - Spirometry and maximal expiratory flow-volume curve reference standards for Polynesian, European, and Chinese teenagers. AB - Lung function was compared and reference standards were determined in 1,007 Polynesian, European, and Chinese teenagers attending school in Tahiti (517 boys, 490 girls; mean age, 14.4 years). Spirometric study results and maximal expiratory flow-volume curves were measured using techniques recommended by the American Thoracic Society. Age, standing height, and weight were chosen as the independent variables for males, and age and standing height for females. Regression equations constructed with logarithmically transformed dependent variables provided accurate predictions. We observed significant racial differences: in the Europeans, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were higher than the mean values predicted for the whole study population, while forced expiratory flow during the middle half of the FVC (FEF25-75%) and maximal expiratory flows after 25, 50, and 75 percent of FVC had been exhaled (V max 25, 50, and 75, respectively) were about equal to the mean values; in the Polynesians, volumes and flows were mostly lower than the mean; in the Chinese, FVC in boys and girls, and FEV1 in girls only, were lower, while the other flows were higher. The FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75%/FVC, Vmax25/FVC, Vmax50/FVC, and Vmax75/FVC were significantly higher than the mean in the Chinese boys and girls and often lower in the Europeans. PMID- 3168576 TI - Famotidine effects on theophylline pharmacokinetics in subjects affected by COPD. Comparison with cimetidine and placebo. AB - The effect of a new H2-antagonist, famotidine, on theophylline pharmacokinetics was compared with placebo and cimetidine in 26 patients affected by COPD. Cimetidine, placebo, and famotidine were administered, four days each drug at random, to all the subjects. Results suggest that famotidine, contrary to cimetidine, does not influence theophylline metabolism in man. PMID- 3168577 TI - Valve surgery in acute rheumatic heart disease. One- to four-year follow-up. AB - Six patients with acute rheumatic carditis and intractable left ventricular failure, all in class 4 NYHA classification, underwent successful valve surgery combined with medical therapy. Two-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler studies showed all of them to have left ventricular dilatation, with good systolic function, together with severe mitral regurgitation; two patients also had severe aortic regurgitation. Over a mean follow-up period of two years, no mortality was recorded, and all six patients were in NYHA class 1-2. We conclude that valve replacement is not contraindicated in acute rheumatic carditis and may be preferable to repair. PMID- 3168578 TI - Pericardial pseudotumor. Echocardiographic observation of juxtacardiac pulmonary collapse. AB - Despite its value in the diagnosis of pericardial disease, two-dimensional echocardiography also is known to produce confounding results. Ten patients had juxtacardiac masses simulating pericardial tumor implants on echocardiographic examination ("pericardial pseudotumor") caused by juxtacardiac pulmonary atelectasis or lobar collapse. The atelectatic nature of these masses was based on echocardiographic delineation of pericardial and pleural anatomy, combined with ancillary radiographic and CT studies. Drainage of pleural fluid also led to disappearance of the masses on echocardiographic examination, suggesting that the masses were an ultrasonic manifestation of pulmonary atelectasis resulting from surrounding compressive effusive fluid. Finally, clinical follow-up failed to show development of malignant disease in any patient. The possibility of pericardial pseudotumor should be considered when ultrasound studies show juxtacardiac masses within large collections of pleural fluid, especially in the clinical absence of malignant disease. PMID- 3168579 TI - The cause of a pleural effusion diagnosed by a fixed gas-bubble. PMID- 3168580 TI - Oral propafenone therapy for patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmia. PMID- 3168581 TI - Pulmonary microcalcifications associated with Strongyloides stercoralis infection. AB - Diffuse alveolar deposits of calcium phosphate have been identified in the lungs of two prednisolone-treated beagles with chronic S stercoralis infection. Such lesions have not previously been described in dogs and have not been found in humans in association with either strongyloidiasis or prolonged steroid therapy. S stercoralis infections in the industrialized world are frequently found in patients on maintenance regimens of corticosteroids. We suggest that the possibility that pulmonary calcifications represent an unsuspected complication in these patients should be investigated. PMID- 3168582 TI - Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema after pericardial drainage for cardiac tamponade. AB - We report a patient who developed adult respiratory distress syndrome following relief of pericardial tamponade. Because of increasing recognition of pulmonary edema in this situation, we recommend gradual removal of pericardial fluid with hemodynamic monitoring to limit the massive fluid shifts which appear to herald this dire complication. PMID- 3168583 TI - Filarial mediastinal lymphadenitis. Another cause of superior vena caval syndrome. AB - A case of superior vena caval obstruction resulting from filariasis is presented. PMID- 3168584 TI - Detection of a prosthetic aortic valvular abscess with indium-111-labeled leukocytes. AB - An unsuspected annular abscess at the base of a prosthetic aortic valve in a patient with endocarditis was identified by indium-111-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy alone. This highly sensitive and specific technique expediently demonstrated the surgically proven inflammatory focus. PMID- 3168585 TI - Underestimation of residual ischemia by 201-thallium scintigraphy after myocardial infarction. AB - Pre- and post-CABG perfusion scintigraphic findings are reported in a patient with residual ischemia after anterior myocardial infarction. The preoperative 201Tl scan showed incomplete tracer redistribution and a relevant area of persistent irreversible defect, suggestive of a large scar. After CABG, the presence of a virtually normal early thallium distribution demonstrated previous underestimation of the viable perinecrotic tissue. A persistent perfusion defect, even if associated with wall motion abnormality, does not necessarily imply the absence of residual viable tissue. PMID- 3168587 TI - Sudden cardiac death one hour after a negative exercise test. Coronary angiographic follow-up. AB - A 58-year-old man developed ventricular fibrillation and a large anterior infarction one hour after a negative exercise test. Coronary angiography post infarction suggested the presence of a "complicated" lesion, raising the possibility that the infarction resulted from sudden occlusion of a previously nonsignificant lesion. PMID- 3168586 TI - Cocaine-associated myocardial infarction. A word of caution about thrombolytic therapy. AB - The recent approval of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) by the Food and Drug Administration has opened a new era in the management of acute coronary occlusions. Absolute contraindications are well established. A case of intracranial bleeding as a complication of thrombolytic therapy in an intravenous substance abuser is presented. This may represent a relative contraindication to thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 3168588 TI - An alternative approach to management of Fogarty catheter disruption associated with endobronchial foreign body extraction. AB - The Fogarty balloon catheter is a useful adjunct in removing aspirated foreign bodies, but its use is not without risks. A case is presented of Fogarty catheter disruption while attempting to remove a foreign body. The resulting debris in the distal airway was inaccessible to bronchoscopic retrieval. An effective treatment plan is outlined to deal with this problem. PMID- 3168589 TI - Streptokinase in a loculated pleural effusion. Effectiveness determined by site of instillation. AB - A patient with a large loculated pleural effusion had streptokinase instilled into the loculation, and this was ineffective; however, when the same amount of streptokinase was instilled into the space around the loculation, there was rapid lysis of the loculation, resulting in the drainage of purulent fluid through the chest tube. PMID- 3168590 TI - Right mammary-coronary anastomosis in a patient with situs inversus. AB - We report a patient with situs inversus and ischemic heart disease who had myocardial revascularization with anastomosis of the right mammary artery to the anterior descending coronary artery. PMID- 3168591 TI - Spontaneous regression of squamous cell lung carcinoma with adrenal metastasis. AB - A 61-year-old man was found to have squamous cell carcinoma of the left hilum with metastasis to the left adrenal gland documented by needle aspiration. About two years later, the primary tumor is not detectable, and the adrenal gland is of normal size on follow-up computerized tomography. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of spontaneous regression of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung with adrenal metastasis. PMID- 3168592 TI - Aspergillus terreus as a cause of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. AB - A 70-year-old woman with nodular, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma is the third reported patient with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus terreus. This case differs from the two previously reported in that neither neutropenia nor broad spectrum antibiotics preceded the infection. A terreus should not be dismissed as a laboratory contaminant in pulmonary specimens, especially those from immunosuppressed patients. PMID- 3168593 TI - Esophageal perforation. The need for early diagnosis. PMID- 3168594 TI - Liver involvement in acute Q fever. PMID- 3168595 TI - Diagnostic value of bronchography. PMID- 3168596 TI - DLco in COPD. PMID- 3168597 TI - Sjogren's syndrome and pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis. PMID- 3168599 TI - Caring for severely emotionally disturbed children and youth. Putting principles into practice. PMID- 3168598 TI - Caring for severely emotionally disturbed children and youth. Principles for a system of care. PMID- 3168600 TI - Caring for severely emotionally disturbed children and youth. Improving services for families. PMID- 3168601 TI - Comparing families in crisis. PMID- 3168603 TI - Offering insights on blind children. PMID- 3168604 TI - Effective local programs for families. PMID- 3168602 TI - Educating about AIDS. PMID- 3168605 TI - Ka Ho' okipa 'Ana I ka Kaua Pepe. Welcoming our baby. PMID- 3168606 TI - Criteria for judging the credibility of children's statements about their sexual abuse. AB - One hundred and three cases of child sexual maltreatment, where offenders confessed to some level of their abuse, were examined to determine the extent to which the children's statements about their victimization contained three widely accepted clinical criteria of a true sexual abuse allegation. The results support clinical assumptions that the criteria in question were valid ones for determining the truth of a sexual abuse allegation in cases involving confessions of abusers. PMID- 3168607 TI - Self-acceptance: a factor in the adoption process. AB - This study determined that high self-acceptance of adoptive parents influenced high parental acceptance of their adopted children. A case is made for emphasizing self-acceptance in adoption procedures. PMID- 3168608 TI - Support and education groups for children of battered women. AB - The children of battered women have been called the forgotten victims of domestic violence. Indeed, few clinicians have published accounts of their work with these children. This article describes in detail a support and education group program for children of battered women. Five hundred and seventy-five children have participated in the program, with promising results on several measures of success. PMID- 3168609 TI - Factors that affect a victim's self-disclosure in father-daughter incest. AB - Out of concern about the underreporting of father-daughter incest, the author has conducted a study in Virginia to test certain observations in the literature about the relatively small number of cases that come to light voluntarily. The findings point clearly to contributory case characteristics that can sensitize practitioners to the possibility of undisclosed incest. PMID- 3168610 TI - Intercommunity differences in aggression among Zapotec children. AB - Patterns of play aggression and serious aggression were compared in 2 neighboring Zapotec Indian communities that have different levels of adult violence. Social learning theory provided the basis for predicting that levels of agonistic behavior among children would parallel levels of violence among adults. Ethological methods were employed to observe 3-8-year-old children (N = 48). An examination of physical aggression and nonphysical threatening showed that agonism generally was more severe among the children of the more aggressive community. That is, children from the more aggressive community engaged in more actual fighting (p = .005) and play fighting (p = .0001) than their counterparts from the other community. On the other hand, children from the less aggressive community used more noncontact threatening than the children from the more aggressive community (p = .0001). These findings suggest that community differences in levels of violence are perpetuated as Zapotec children learn community-appropriate patterns for expressing aggression and continue to express these patterns as adults. Possible functions of play fighting are also discussed. PMID- 3168611 TI - Parental agreement on child rearing during early childhood and the psychological characteristics of adolescents. AB - In previous research, an index of parental agreement regarding child-rearing orientations was found to relate to the quality of children's psychological functioning from 3 to 7 years of age. For this study, the parental agreement index, derived when their children were 3 years old, was related to a variety of psychological measures and personality descriptions obtained when the children were adolescents. Reliable differences were found in the patterning of relations for boys and girls wherein parental agreement during early childhood was associated with tested intelligence, aspects of moral judgment, and dimensions of personality derived from self-reports for boys but not for girls. For adolescent girls, early parental agreement was associated with the congruence of "self" and "ideal-self" descriptions (i.e., self-esteem). For both girls and boys, parental agreement was associated with personality descriptions provided by observers; however, it was only in the sample of girls that early parental agreement significantly correlated with Q sort criterion scores referencing ego undercontrol and ego-resiliency. These findings suggest that early family socialization experiences are importantly but differently salient for boys and girls with respect both to psychological content and the developmental timing of effects. The data suggest that socialization researchers consider the likelihood that developmental paths to competence differ markedly for girls and boys. PMID- 3168612 TI - Changing perceptions of family cohesion and power across adolescence. AB - Adolescents' perceptions of family relationships were studied using the FAST, a spatial technique in which wooden figures were placed on a board to represent cohesion and power. 150 subjects, drawn equally from sixth, ninth, and twelfth grades, portrayed the family in 2 representations: as perceived typically and ideally. Father-mother, father-child, and mother-child dyads were analyzed. Perceptions were strongly influenced by age, type of representation, and dyad. In accord with a developmental perspective, older adolescents portrayed less cohesion in parent-child dyads and smaller power differences in all dyads than did younger adolescents. In accord with family systems theory, the father-mother dyad was depicted as the most cohesive and as near egalitarian in power. At all ages and in both representations, parents were perceived as more powerful than their children. The family was generally portrayed as cohesive, significantly more so in the ideal than typical representation. Furthermore, in the ideal representation there were no significant power differences between the parents but moderate power differences in the parent-child dyads. Results were interpreted from both developmental and family systems perspectives. PMID- 3168613 TI - The relation of family and partner support to the adjustment of adolescent mothers. AB - The influence of teenage mothers' perceptions of family and partner social support on their postpartum adjustment was examined in this study. A structured interview with teenage mothers was conducted prenatally and a follow-up assessment was done when their children were 8 months of age. Both partner and family support were related to greater satisfaction with life, but each was associated in a different way with parenting and concerns about daily living. The results indicate the importance of distinguishing between specific sources of social support and different aspects of adjustment to teen parenthood. PMID- 3168614 TI - The psychological significance of secondary sexual characteristics in nine- to eleven-year-old girls. AB - 82 9-11-year-old girls were seen in order to study the onset of puberty as represented by breast and pubic hair growth. Girls filled out self-report scales, mothers rated their daughters' breast and pubic hair development using schematic representations of the Tanner stages, and height was measured by a nurse practitioner. Breast growth, but not pubic hair growth, was expected to be associated with a positive body image, positive peer relationships, superior adjustment, and the rating of adult roles as important (marriage, children, and careers). These expectations were confirmed for all but the adult role measures. Controlling for pubic hair growth did not alter the findings for breast development. Associations with height also were examined. Height was linked to superior adjustment and career importance. These findings are discussed in terms of possible roles that different pubertal events may play in the self-definitions of young adolescents as well as the meaning of various physical changes to the girl and to others. PMID- 3168615 TI - Breaking the cycle of abuse. AB - The aim of this study was to identify variables that distinguish mothers who broke the cycle of abuse from mothers who were abused as children and who also abused their own children. Based on maternal interviews and questionnaires completed over a 64-month period, measures of mothers' past and current relationship experiences, stressful life events, and personality characteristics were obtained. Abused mothers who were able to break the abusive cycle were significantly more likely to have received emotional support from a nonabusive adult during childhood, participated in therapy during any period of their lives, and to have had a nonabusive and more stable, emotionally supportive, and satisfying relationship with a mate. Abused mothers who reenacted their maltreatment with their own children experienced significantly more life stress and were more anxious, dependent, immature, and depressed. PMID- 3168616 TI - Maternal depression and motherese: temporal and intonational features. AB - Children of depressed parents are at increased risk for depression and other developmental problems. Recent research indicates that disturbances exist in face to-face interactions between depressed mothers and their infants. In the present study, the effects of maternal depression on motherese, an interactive behavior that plays a significant role in affective, cognitive, and social development, were examined. 2 paralinguistic features of motherese were examined: temporal parameters of utterances and pauses and the frequency of use of 5 types of intonation contours typically found in motherese utterances. Face-to-face interactions between 36 mothers and their 3-4-month-old infants were audio recorded, and hard copy records of pitch contours and relative intensity were produced for 2-min interaction sequences. Results indicated that depressed mothers failed to modify their behavior according to the behavior of the infant. They were significantly slower to respond to an infant vocalization, had more variable utterances and pauses, and were less likely to utilize the exaggerated intonation contours that are characteristic of motherese. The results provide evidence for a mechanism through which maternal depression increases the infant's risk for psychopathology. PMID- 3168617 TI - Maternal sensitivity and patterns of infant-mother attachment. AB - 48 12-month-old infants and their mothers were videotaped in the Ainsworth Strange Situation. Each infant-mother dyad was also filmed for 3 min while the mother completed a questionnaire and the infant was left to explore the room devoid of toys, a situation in which maternal compliance with the request to complete the questionnaire was expected to compete with attentional demands made on her by the infant. Infant-mother attachment was classified as secure, anxious avoidant, or anxious-resistant on the basis of behavior in the Strange Situation. Assessment of maternal sensitivity during the questionnaire situation included behaviors classified as reflecting appropriate, insufficient, and intrusive responses to infant cues. 3 summary measures of maternal sensitivity, each of which distinguished between mothers of securely and anxiously attached infants in 1-way analysis of variance tests, were entered into a discriminant function analysis. Using the discriminant function coefficients for combining the maternal sensitivity scores, 94% of the infants were correctly classified as securely or anxiously attached on the basis of their mothers' behavior in the questionnaire situation. PMID- 3168618 TI - Temperament, emotion, and social interactive behavior in the strange situation: a component process analysis of attachment system functioning. AB - This study examines the contributions of temperamentally and nontemperamentally based emotional reactions to the organization of social interactive behavior within the Strange Situation to better understand the emotional underpinnings of attachment system functioning. At 12 1/2 and 19 1/2 months, temperamental fear (assessed via maternal report) was related to independent per-episode dimensions of social interactive and distress behavior. Fear was moderately correlated with both distress and interactive dimensions at each age. Path-analytic models revealed that temperamental fear had direct effects on interactive behavior and also indirect effects mediated by preceding distress reactions. However, residualized measures of "context-specific" distress (with temperamental variance removed) were still highly consistent across Strange Situation episodes and also significantly predicted subsequent social interactive behavior; furthermore, stable distress reactions from 12 1/2 to 19 1/2 months significantly predicted concurrent stability in social interactive behavior. We discuss likely sources of "context-specific" emotional influences on Strange Situation behavior and also age-related differences in these findings. PMID- 3168619 TI - The effect of manipulating maternal behavior during an interaction on three- and six-month-olds' affect and attention. AB - 3 studies were designed to examine the "still-face" paradigm, in which mothers stared at their 3- or 6-month-olds for a brief, still-face period interposed between 2 periods of normal face-to-face interaction. 6-month-olds decreased smiling and gazing at their mothers and grimaced more during the still-face period relative to the other periods; no period effects occurred in a no-change control group (Studies 1 and 2). Similar results were obtained when mothers and their infants observed and interacted with each other over closed-circuit color television monitors (Study 3). Moreover, the same relative decline in the infants' visual attention and positive affect during the still-face period occurred to a change in mothers' facial display (a televised, prerecorded, still face vs. a televised, live, interacting face) regardless of the presence or absence of their interactive voices (sound on the infants' monitor turned on or off). 3-month-olds exhibited a significant still-face effect, but only when maternal touch was a part of the manipulation (Study 1 vs. 2); therefore, the televised procedure was not conducted. The still-face effect is a robust phenomenon, produced with either "live" or "televised" procedures, both of which offer promising techniques for examining models of socioemotional perception/understanding of infants. PMID- 3168620 TI - The influence of adult intervention on infants' level of attention. AB - The effects of adult intervention on infants' level of attention to objects were studied with 10-month-old infants. After a baseline measure of spontaneous attention was obtained, infants were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions (low, medium, high intervention, or no-intervention control). Level of intervention was controlled by systematically varying the manner and frequency with which objects were presented, the extent to which the experimenter talked to the infant, and physical proximity. Infant attention was defined as duration of time spent examining objects. The overall duration of infant attention increased during medium intervention when compared to the control group. Baseline attention was then used to separate low and high attenders. Low attending infants attended more in medium and high intervention than in the low condition, while high attending infants were unaffected by intervention. The results show that level of intervention interacts with the child's spontaneous tendency to focus attention on objects. PMID- 3168621 TI - Adult-like odor preferences and aversions in three-year-old children. AB - Previous studies of young children have failed to demonstrate adult-like odor preferences in children less than 5 years old. To test whether these results may have been due to inappropriate methods or to stimulus sets that were too limited in range to capture discriminations, a forced-choice procedure embedded in a simple game was used to contrast 3-year-olds' (n = 16) and adults' (n = 17) hedonic reactions to 9 odorants. Subjects indicated liking an odor by pointing to one puppet and disliking an odor by pointing to another puppet. Analyses revealed essentially the same pattern of preferences in both groups. In general, the odorant was a much better predictor of its hedonic quality than was the age of the subject. However, children and adults did differ in their ratings of some odors, and response patterns indicated that children may be more sensitive than adults to some odorants (e.g., the steroid androstenone). These data indicate that the predominant view that adult-like odor preferences and aversions do not exist until between 5 and 7 years of age must be reevaluated. PMID- 3168622 TI - Reply to Stigler, Nusbaum, and Chalip. AB - In this article, I show that many of Stigler et al.'s criticisms of my 1986 article are incorrect or based on assumptions that are implausible. I agree with their conclusion, however, that theories of cognitive development must include both domain-specific and general processes. PMID- 3168623 TI - Individual differences in strategy choices: good students, not-so-good students, and perfectionists. AB - Consistent individual differences were found in first graders' strategy choices in addition, subtraction, and reading (word identification). Differences were present along 2 dimensions: knowledge of problems and stringency of thresholds for stating retrieved answers. Cluster analyses indicated that children could be classified into 3 groups: good students, not-so-good students, and perfectionists. Perfectionists were children who had good knowledge of problems and set very high thresholds for stating retrieved answers, good students also had good knowledge of problems but set lower thresholds, and not-so-good students had less good knowledge of problems and set low thresholds. Differences among the 3 groups were evident on measures not included in the cluster analysis as well as measures that were. Further, the groups differed in standardized achievement test performance 4 months after the experiment in ways consistent with the experimental analysis. The pattern of individual differences was similar in 2 experiments with different samples of children and problems and different methods for assessing strategy use. The results illustrated how detailed cognitive models can contribute to understanding of individual differences. PMID- 3168624 TI - Home environment and school performance: a ten-year follow-up and examination of three models of environmental action. AB - The home environments of 42 10- and 11-year-old children were examined when they were infants and again during middle childhood. Significant correlations were observed between home environments measured at both 2 years and 10 years and the children's SRA achievement test scores and their classroom behavior. However, the home environment at 6 months was only related to a limited number of classroom behaviors. Partial correlations were used to test 3 models of environmental action: Model I (primacy of early experience), Model II (predominance of the contemporary environment), Model III (cumulative effects in stable environments). Strongest relations were noted for the contemporary environment, but all 3 models received some support. Correlations between HOME scores and children's competence in middle childhood revealed a complex portrait that was not explainable with reference to a single model of environmental action. The version of the HOME Inventory used with families of elementary school children is also introduced. PMID- 3168625 TI - The relation between third graders' after-school care and social, academic, and emotional functioning. AB - Outcome differences associated with types of after-school care were explored among 150 white, predominantly middle-class third graders from a suburban school system. Children returned home to their mothers, attended day-care centers, stayed with sitters, or returned home alone or with siblings. No differences were found between latchkey and mother-care children in terms of their classroom sociometric nominations, academic grades, standardized test scores, conduct grades, self-reports of self-competence, or parent and teacher ratings of the children. Significant differences were found for children who attended day-care centers after school. These children received more negative peer nominations, made lower academic grades, and had lower standardized test scores than either mother-care or latchkey children. The children who stayed with sitters after school received more negative peer nominations than the latchkey and mother-care children but, in other areas, resembled these groups. These outcome differences were apparent in both divorced and intact families. Factors contributing to these differences are examined. PMID- 3168626 TI - Children's inductive inferences within superordinate categories: the role of language and category structure. AB - One important function of categories is to allow inferences that extend beyond surface appearances. In 2 studies, preschool and second-grade children were tested on their understanding that members of a category have similar internal parts. In 1 study, children were taught new information about the internal structure of various objects (e.g., an apple), then were probed to determine how far they generalized the new information (e.g., to another apple, to other fruit, to an unrelated object). In a second study, children participated in an open ended interview that probed whether various types of objects had "the same kinds of stuff inside." Children at both ages and in both studies drew many inferences concerning the internal children to report that members of a basic-level category had the same internal parts. Older children drew more inferences at the superordinate level than did younger children. Older children were also more sensitive to differences in category domain (natural kind vs. artifact) at both basic and superordinate levels. Altogether, these results suggest that preschool children assume that basic-level categories share internal parts. They need to refine this belief at the basic level and to extend it to superordinate-level categories. PMID- 3168627 TI - Coordination of size standards by young children. AB - "Big" and "little" are inherently relational terms: whether an object is considered big or little changes as the standard of comparison changes. The present studies examined how 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old children use and coordinate 2 different kinds of standards: perceptual (object is compared to another physically present object) and normative (object is compared to a class standard stored in memory). Even the youngest children were capable of using both normative and perceptual standards. When children avoided a perceptual interpretation it was because they chose a conflicting normative interpretation instead. Thus, very young children can apply different standards of comparison when judging size. PMID- 3168628 TI - Role of perceptual and conceptual similarity in category matching at age two years. AB - Perceptual and categorical similarity were varied independently in a concept matching task administered to 26-month-old children (N = 25). 44 test sets were assembled. Each set included a 3-dimensional standard and an array of 4 pictures, one of which was a member of the same basic or superordinate category as the standard. On each trial, placing the standard on the matching picture resulted in activation of 1 of 12 mechanical displays. The test sets varied in the perceptual and categorical resemblance of the standard to the match and to the nonmatches, as determined by adults' ratings. Perceptual similarity proved to be the primary determinant of difficulty level. When perceptual resemblance of the standard and the match were equated, superordinate and basic matches were equally difficult. When perceptual resemblance was minimal, most children were unable to recognize matches at either the basic or superordinate level. PMID- 3168629 TI - Locomotor experience: a facilitator of spatial cognitive development. AB - 2 studies were designed to test the prediction that spatial search strategies (i.e., "object permanence") may be influenced by locomotor experience. Infants were assigned to 3 groups based on locomotor history: prelocomotor, prelocomotor with walker-assisted experience, and hands-and-knees creeping. Infants in all groups were 8.5 months of age. Results showed that hands-and-knees and walker assisted locomotor experience facilitated spatial search performance. The longer that infants had been moving, the higher their scores. Furthermore, there were no differences between the hands-and-knees and prelocomotor/walker-assisted groups, suggesting that the relation between locomotor experience and spatial search performance was not merely a function of the maturation of prone progression. A third study found that the quality of locomotion affected object permanence performance: Belly crawlers performed differently than infants with hands-and knees or walker experience, insofar as they performed at prelocomotor levels regardless of weeks of locomotor experience. Taken together, the pattern of findings suggests that infants with more efficient modes of locomotion are more likely to profit from the experiences generated by locomotion. PMID- 3168630 TI - Children's evaluations of retaliatory aggression. AB - The present study examined how 5-10-year-old children's judgments of retaliation were affected by its severity relative to the initial provocation and by the causal nature of the initial provocation. 72 boys and girls first received information about property-damaging provocations that were portrayed as accidental, foreseeable, justifiably intended, or unjustifiably intended in nature. They were subsequently informed that the victim responded with interpersonal aggression or with a verbal reprimand. Children's perceptions of the causal nature of the provocation and their naughtiness and punishment judgments of the retaliator were assessed. 2 major findings were obtained, both of which were unrelated to age. First, children's perceptions of the initial provocation were more differentiated than has been reported in the past, but these perceptions did not correspond uniformly to the manipulations of causality. Second, although children's evaluations of the retaliator were not an inverse function of their own perceptions of the initial provocation, they did vary systematically according to these perceptions and the extremity of the retaliator's response. PMID- 3168631 TI - Social attributional biases of peer-rejected and aggressive children. AB - Peer-rejected high-aggressive, rejected low-aggressive, and non-rejected third- and fifth-grade boys were shown sets of drawn pictures differently balanced on Kelley's social dimensions of distinctiveness (i.e., depicting a hypothetical peer interacting with other children) and consistency (i.e., depicting the peer interacting with the subject) information. Following each set, a provoking incident involving the subject and peer was described in which the subject experienced a negative outcome and the peer exhibited ambiguous intent. When given no social information, rejected high-aggressive and rejected low-aggressive boys made more hostile attributions and suggested more hostile responses. When provided social information, however, all groups made similar attributions and weighted consistency information more heavily in their evaluations. All groups maintained a consistent response style across information conditions, with rejected high-aggressive boys suggesting the most aggressive responses. Implications for the treatment of childhood aggression are discussed. PMID- 3168632 TI - Heterogeneity of peer-rejected boys: aggressive and nonaggressive subtypes. AB - Cluster analyses were employed in 2 studies to explore the possibility that discernible subtypes exist within the population of peer-rejected boys. In Study 1, 41 rejected 9- and 10-year-old boys were identified using nomination sociometrics. 8 teacher rating, behavior observation, and social problem solving interview measures were entered into the analysis. In Study 2, 48 9-, 10-, and 11 year-old rejected boys were identified using rating sociometrics. 9 teacher rating and peer rating measures were entered into the cluster analysis. 2 large clusters emerged in each of the 2 samples. Consistent patterns were seen across both studies when children within each cluster were compared with each other and with those in a popular comparison group. Boys in one cluster exhibited high aggression, low self-control, behavior problems, and withdrawn behavior. Boys in the other cluster exhibited withdrawal but did not obtain elevated scores on measures of aggression, behavior problems, or self-control. Findings of rejected child heterogeneity have significant implications for the design of treatment programs and further research on peer relationship difficulties of children. PMID- 3168633 TI - Conduct disorder and cognitive functioning: testing three causal hypotheses. AB - The sample consisted of black adolescents who were members of the Columbia Presbyterian chapter of the Collaborative Perinatal Project from birth to age 7. At age 17, subjects and their parents were administered a battery of instruments that included standardized psychiatric diagnostic interviews as part of a call back study. Results from least-squares and logistic regression analyses were compatible with the hypothesis that deficiencies in cognitive functioning are causally related to adolescent conduct disorder as defined by DSM III. The results suggested that the relation of cognitive functioning to psychiatric status appears to be specific to conduct disorders. The results were incompatible with a "third" variable hypothesis (third factors included neurological status and environmental disadvantage) and the hypothesis that conduct problems lead to deficits in cognitive functioning. The 3 most (and equally) important factors in accounting for age-17 conduct disorder were cognitive functioning, parent psychopathology, and early aggression. A closer look at the data tentatively suggested that a broad deficiency in acculturational learning, rather than narrowly focused social cognitive differences or native endowment, constitutes a key element in the link between cognitive functioning and conduct disorder. Test bias was ruled out as a possible explanation for the results. PMID- 3168634 TI - Shape recognition in infancy: visual integration of sequential information. AB - To investigate the integration of visual information across space and time, infants watched the contour of a shape being traced out by a moving point source of light and then viewed 2 objects: 1 with the shape they had just seen traced and 1 with a novel shape. In the first study, which varied the number of tracings (velocity about 16.7 cm/sec), 12-month-olds looked longer at the novel object in all conditions, indicating that they recognized the similarity between the alternative object and tracing of like contour. Study 2, which varied velocity (14.7 and 7.4 cm/sec), stimuli, and the number of tracings, provided evidence for the generalizability of these results but indicated that performance suffered at the slower speed. Studies 3 and 4 held velocity constant (14.7 cm/sec) while varying the size of the tracings and age of the infant: 12-month-olds, but not 6 month-olds, recognized figures in instances where it took up to 10 sec to complete a single tracing. Because it took so long to complete many of the tracings, central rather than purely retinal mechanisms appear to be involved in integrating shape in these situations. PMID- 3168635 TI - Individual differences in infants' information processing: reliability, stability, and prediction. AB - A group of 46 full-term and 54 high-risk preterm (less than 1,500 grams birthweight) infants were tested at 6, 7, and/or 8 months of age (corrected age for preterms) on a battery of problems assessing visual recognition memory and tactual-visual cross-modal transfer. At all 3 ages, scores obtained on aggregates of 6-11 problems in the battery significantly predicted 3-year Stanford-Binet IQ: correlations ranged from r = .37 to r = .63, and clustered between r = .50 and r = .60. When aggregates from 2 or 3 ages were used as predictors, multiple correlations were as high as R = .60 and R = .70. Cutoffs for predicting children at risk for mental retardation (IQ less than 70) or cognitive delay (IQ less than 85) showed reasonable sensitivity and specificity, although low scores were poor at detecting IQs less than 70. The internal consistency of composites, indexed by alpha coefficients, was unexpectedly low, primarily because the problems shared little variance. However, stability coefficients between assessments as much as 1 and 2 months apart were moderate in magnitude, ranging from r = .30 to r = .50. Considering the high degree of predictive validity, the stability figures appear to be better estimates of reliability for these measures than are indices of internal consistency. The relations reported here were similar for both full terms and preterms. PMID- 3168636 TI - Infant visual attention in the paired-comparison paradigm: test-retest and attention-performance relations. AB - The visual behavior of infants in the paired-comparison paradigm was assessed with multiple discrimination tasks week-to-week at 4 and 7 months and longitudinally from 4 to 7 months. Results indicated that although task-to-task reliability was extremely variable and typically low, most measures of infants' attention averaged across multiple tasks were reliable from 1 week to the next as well as relatively stable over the longer longitudinal period. Across all groups, infants who had shorter fixations (i.e., more fixations per fixed-exposure period) during the familiarization phase showed higher novelty preferences. While infants' shift rate during test phases was a reliable individual characteristic at 7 months, it was not at 4 months; rather, data suggested that the difficulty of the stimulus discrimination may be related to young infants' shift rate. PMID- 3168637 TI - Neonatal behavioral organization and visual processing at three months. AB - In 2 studies, the Range of State cluster derived from infants' scores on the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale with Kansas Supplements (NBAS-K) was found to correlate significantly with visual discrimination performance at 3 months of age. Contrary to the expectation that NBAS-K orientation scores would predict visual discrimination at 3 months, it was neonatal behavioral state organization that related to later cognitive functioning in infancy. PMID- 3168638 TI - Imitation of televised models by infants. AB - Studies indicate that infants in our culture are exposed to significant amounts of TV, often as a baby-sitting strategy by busy caretakers. The question arises whether TV viewing merely presents infants with a salient collection of moving patterns or whether they will readily pick up information depicted in this 2-D representation and incorporate it into their own behavior. Can infants "understand" the content of television enough to govern their real-world behavior accordingly? One way to explore this question is to present a model via television for infants to imitate. Infants' ability to imitate TV models was explored at 2 ages, 14 and 24 months, under conditions of immediate and deferred imitation. In deferred imitation, infants were exposed to a TV depiction of an adult manipulating a novel toy in a particular way but were not presented with the real toy until the next day. The results showed significant imitation at both ages, and furthermore showed that even the youngest group imitated after the 24 hour delay. The finding of deferred imitation of TV models has social and policy implications, because it suggests that TV viewing in the home could potentially affect infant behavior and development more than heretofore contemplated. The results also add to a growing body of literature on prelinguistic representational capacities. They do so in the dual sense of showing that infants can relate 2-D representations to their own actions on real objects in 3-D space, and moreover that the information picked up through TV can be internally represented over lengthy delays before it is used to guide the real-world action. PMID- 3168639 TI - The development of social referencing. AB - The development of social referencing in 40 infants aged 6-9, 10-13, and 14-22 months was investigated in this study. Social referencing was defined broadly to include children's looks toward parents, their instrumental toy behaviors, affective expressions, and other behaviors toward parents. Children's looks at parents were more selective with increasing age, with older infants preferring to look directly at their parents' faces and younger infants showing no preference for looks to faces over looks elsewhere at the parent. Younger infants looked most often when their parents expressed positive affect, whereas older infants looked most often when parents displayed fearful reactions toward a stimulus. Evidence of a behavioral regulatory effect on instrumental toy behaviors was found only among infants 10-13 months of age. However, only infants older than 14 months of age inhibited touching the toy until after referencing the parent. On some measures these older infants showed a preference for toys associated with fearful messages. Affective expressions were in line with positive and negative behavior toward toys. No support for mood modification or simple imitation as explanations for the effects was found. Results indicated that the looking behavior of younger children may function differently than that of older children, and that social referencing involves a number of component skills that develop during the end of the first year and throughout the second year of life. PMID- 3168640 TI - Temperament and the development of inhibited approach. AB - The early development of inhibited approach was studied through the observation of infants' reaching toward objects. 48 infants were observed longitudinally at 6.5, 10, and 13.5 months as they reached for toys under high- and low intensity/novelty conditions. It was predicted that if an approach system related to positive affect were in place by 6 months, infants should show relative interindividual stability across age in their latency to approach low intensity/novelty toys. This latency would also be inversely related to temperamental positive affect, that is, children who smiled and laughed more would reach more quickly. It was also predicted that, if behavioral inhibition to high-intensity/novelty stimuli were developing over this period, relative instability of latency to grasp high-intensity/novelty toys would be found. This latency would also be positively related to temperamental ratings of fearfulness, that is, children who were more fearful, would grasp more slowly. These hypotheses were generally supported, with the exception of the relation between parent-reported fearfulness and latency to approach and grasp. In addition, sex differences in frequency of hesitations were found. PMID- 3168641 TI - Family members as third parties in dyadic family conflict: strategies, alliances, and outcomes. AB - Systems theorists have argued that triads rather than dyads need to be considered as a basic interaction unit, particularly in regard to episodes of conflict. While theoretically appealing, the description of the strategies used and alliances formed when third parties intervene in dyadic conflict presents a number of conceptual and empirical challenges. In the present report, a reliable system for coding such third-party participation in verbal conflicts is described and is used to analyze routine family conflicts that were observed during dinner. A number of specific findings of interest are reported, including that girls were more likely than boys to intervene in all family disputes except marital conflicts, that mothers and fathers rarely sided against each other when intervening as third parties, and that the third-party strategies most commonly used corresponded with family roles: fathers used authority strategies, mothers used mediational tactics, and children used distraction. Of greater importance, however, are the general findings that document the influence of third parties on dyadic conflict. Additional family members frequently joined dyadic family conflicts, they were about equally likely to attempt to end or to continue the conflict, they formed alliances about half of the time, and their intervention strategies were related to the outcome of the conflict as well as its patterning. PMID- 3168642 TI - Children's expected interpersonal consequences of communicating their affective state and reported likelihood of expression. AB - This study explored several factors associated with expected outcome of emotional expression and likelihood of expression among children. These variables were posited to be a reflection of children's affective display rules. Differences in outcome expectancies and likelihood of expression were assessed as a function of sex of parent, sex of subject, grade, and type of affect. 125 first-, fourth-, and sixth-grade children (mean ages, 6-9, 9-2, and 11-7, respectively) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 experimental conditions involving either sad or angry affect inductions. Older boys reported less positive expectancies and lower likelihood of expression than younger boys; and boys had less positive expectancies and lower likelihood of expression for sadness than girls. A high correlation was obtained between outcome expectancy and likelihood of expression; the correlation was higher for sadness than anger, and higher among males than females. These results suggest that socialization practices tend to be directed toward the suppression of sadness among males. PMID- 3168643 TI - Children's understanding of moral emotions. AB - 4-8-year-old children's attributions of emotion to a story figure who violated a moral rule were studied in a series of experiments. Most 4-year-olds judged a wrongdoer to experience positive emotions, focusing their justifications on the successful outcome of his action, whereas almost all 8-year-olds attributed negative feelings, focusing on the moral value of the wrongdoer's action. A developmental trend from outcome-oriented toward morally oriented emotion attributions was also observed in children's judgments of the feelings of a story character who had resisted temptation. When morally evaluating a wrongdoer, only children above the age of 6 years took emotional reactions into account, judging a "happy" wrongdoer to be worse than a "sorry" one. 4- and 5-year-olds attributed positive emotions to a wrongdoer even if his transgression was severe and if he did not gain any material profit from it. However, they did not expect a person (even an ill-motivated one) to feel good if he or she unintentionally harmed another person or merely observed someone being hurt. These results are discussed in relation to recent research on children's developing conceptions of emotion and on the early development of moral understanding. PMID- 3168644 TI - The effect of personal relevance on psychological inference: a developmental analysis. AB - The effect of personal relevance was examined as a motivational alternative to capacity-based explanations of young children's failure to describe others in terms of psychological characteristics. In Study 1, children at 2 age levels (5-6 and 9-10 years) were asked to describe actors exhibiting different behaviors and to select partners for different games. As predicted, children who expected to interact with the actors were much more likely to describe them in psychological terms. Older children selected partners based on instrumental goals, maximizing their own outcomes, whereas younger children selected partners based on liking. The findings were replicated in Study 2, and expecting interaction was also found to affect behavior (toy allocation). The results suggest that the verbal inferencing skills of young children have been underestimated in the past, and that younger children may be more oriented than older children toward affective relative to instrumental goals in anticipating interaction with a peer. PMID- 3168645 TI - Children's knowledge of contagion and contamination as causes of illness. AB - Children's knowledge of contagion and contamination as causes of illness was examined in 3 experiments. In Experiment 1, preschoolers and children in grades 1 and 3 were shown videotaped segments of puppets with colds and toothaches who explained their ailments in terms of contagion and immanent justice. The children were instructed to evaluate and correct the puppets' explanations and, in addition, to indicate the possible effects on health of drinking milk that had come into contact with objects such as a cockroach, used comb, and spoon. Even preschoolers displayed some knowledge of contagion and contamination. However, compared to the third graders, younger children were less likely to reject proximity to a sick person and naughty behavior as causes of toothaches. They were also more likely to indicate that to drink milk that had come into contact with a spoon was unhealthy. In Experiment 2, preschoolers rejected the proposition that an ailment caused by accident (i.e., a scraped knee) is contagious and, in Experiment 3, they generally accepted that contamination through contact with a dirty spoon can be prevented by washing. Altogether, preschoolers have a more substantial knowledge of contagion and contamination than has been estimated previously. The results are discussed in terms of children's ability to understand causal relations. PMID- 3168646 TI - Conceptions and perceived influence of peer groups: interviews with preadolescents and adolescents. AB - 72 fifth-, eighth-, and eleventh-grade boys and girls were interviewed to investigate developmental changes in perceptions of peer groups and group influence. Results indicated that preadolescents defined groups on the basis of common activities and social behavior and considered group influence to be greatest in these domains. Older adolescents were more likely to describe peer group influence as global and far reaching, affecting one's appearance, illicit acts, attitudes, and values. Corresponding to increases in peer-group conceptions emphasizing group attitudes/norms and global influence were increases in the extent to which subjects felt that peer-group acceptance or rejection influenced self-evaluation. Developmental changes in the apparent reference-group functions of peer groups for adolescent identity formation are discussed. PMID- 3168647 TI - The effect of class and collection labels on cardinality, class-inclusion, and number conservation tasks. AB - 3 experiments were carried out to assess Markman's hypothesis that the organizational principles underlying collection concepts facilitate children's performance on cognitive tasks requiring part-whole comparisons. In Experiment 1, the effect of class/collection labels on both cardinality and class-inclusion tasks was assessed. 32 3- and 4-year-olds from 2 populations (suburban middle class and inner-city working class) received both tasks. An additional 32 kindergarten and first-grade children from the 2 populations received the class inclusion task. For cardinality, there was no difference in performance as a function of label. A facilitative effect of the collection label was found for class inclusion. Experiment 2 assessed the effect of class/collection labels on 28 nursery school children's demonstration of number conservation. Experiment 3 extended the age range and examined the effect of label on 56 kindergartners' and first graders' performance on number conservation. Both experiments failed to replicate Markman's findings. The results of the 3 experiments indicate that the facilitative effect of collection labels appears to be specific to the class inclusion task. In light of these failures to replicate and the considerable variation in cognitive level among preschoolers, it is suggested that Markman's findings of a facilitative effect of collection labels on conservation and cardinality problems may have resulted from the use of small sample sizes and between-subject designs. PMID- 3168648 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of soft-tissue neoplasms]. PMID- 3168649 TI - [Torsion abnormalities of the tibia in the adult]. PMID- 3168650 TI - [Indications for triple arthrodesis by the Merle D'Aubigne technic]. PMID- 3168651 TI - [Use of axial external fixation in arthrodesis surgery]. PMID- 3168652 TI - [Intramedullary nailing by the Ender method in lateral fractures of the femur]. PMID- 3168653 TI - [Recurring distorsions of the tibio-tarsal joint: evaluation using electrodynamography before and after proprioceptive re-education]. PMID- 3168654 TI - [So-called "oleoscleroma." Clinical and radiographic contribution]. PMID- 3168655 TI - [Monoradicular syndrome caused by tumors in the differential diagnosis of herniated disk]. PMID- 3168656 TI - [A rare case of cavernous hemangioma of the internal malleolus]. PMID- 3168658 TI - Applications of plant cell and tissue culture. PMID- 3168657 TI - [Case quiz. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma]. PMID- 3168659 TI - Ear mites from domestic goats in Florida. AB - Ear canals of 284 domestic goats from Florida were examined via swabbing for the presence of ear mites; 57% were infested with Psoroptes cuniculi. Raillietia caprae was recovered from 2 goats in one herd. Breeds examined were Nubian, Alpine, Saanen, Toggenburg, La Mancha, Spanish/Woods and Pygmy. Goats with dependent ear types were infested more commonly than those with erect ears; no goats with vestigial ears were found to harbor mites. Goats less than 1 year old had a significantly higher mite prevalence than did goats over 1 year of age. Gross lesions were noted in the ear canals of only three individuals. PMID- 3168660 TI - Susceptibility of laboratory-reared northern fowl mites, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Acari: Macronyssidae), to selected acaricides. AB - Toxicity was determined for 15 acaricides against a laboratory strain of northern fowl mites, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago). Adult females were exposed to residues on filter paper for 24 h. Three organophosphorous compounds (monocrotophos, cythioate, and famphur) were more toxic to the northern fowl mite than was carbaryl, the most commonly used pesticide in the poultry industry. The other tested compounds were less toxic to the mite than was carbaryl. Four of these, not used previously for northern fowl mite control, had low LC50's for northern fowl mites:aldicarb (0.46); pirimiphos-methyl (0.73); exo, exo-2,8 dichloro-4-thiatricyclo[3.2.1.0.]octane-4-oxide (AI3-63182) (0.87); and diazinon (2.48). PMID- 3168661 TI - Clinical and manometric evaluation of anorectal function following low anterior resection with low anastomotic line using an EEA stapler for rectal cancer. AB - Anorectal function was evaluated in eight patients who had low anterior resection of the rectum with a low anastomotic line, using an EEA stapler, with determination of function based on periodic manometric studies and clinical symptoms. Immediately following surgery all patients suffered from frequent bowel actions and soiling. These symptoms improved with time and most patients could enjoy almost normal daily life by the sixth postoperative month. One month after surgery, anal canal resting pressure and maximum squeeze pressure were significantly reduced and rectoanal inhibitory reflex was absent; neither showed a distinct tendency to improve thereafter. Rectal sensation and reservoir capacity, which also were seriously impaired, recovered satisfactorily by the time of the six-month examination. This suggests that an improvement of clinical symptoms following this operation is dependent upon the recovery of reservoir capacity and sensation of the neorectum, and that this operative procedure is a functionally acceptable option for low rectal cancer. PMID- 3168662 TI - Clinical and manometric assessment of gracilis muscle transplant for fecal incontinence. AB - Six cases of gracilis muscle transplant for fecal incontinence are reported. The causes of fecal incontinence included previous anal operation, idiopathic incontinence, and rectal prolapse. All patients had had a previous operation for fecal incontinence. Postoperative sepsis developed at the operative site in five patients despite a defunctioning colostomy in two. Functional results of the operation were poor in all patients and a colostomy has now been raised in all cases. The operation was not associated with any objective improvement in resting or voluntary component pressure. PMID- 3168663 TI - Diet and other risk factors for fissure-in-ano. Prospective case control study. AB - The findings of a partly prospective case control study of chronic fissure-in-ano conducted in two Danish outpatient clinics are reported. One hundred seventy-four patients with chronic fissure-in-ano were matched by age and sex to outpatients from the same community suffering from benign skin tumors. All subjects were interviewed regarding diet, beverage consumption, occupational exposures, and medical and surgical history. Significantly decreased risks were associated with frequent consumption of raw fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain bread, and significantly increased risks were associated with frequent consumption of white bread, sauces thickened with roux, and bacon or sausages. Risk ratios for consumption of coffee, tea, and alcohol were not significantly different. No statistical associations were found with particular occupational exposures. However, a history of previous anal surgery was reported significantly more often for cases than for controls. Current evidence indicates that anal fissure is likely to result at least partly from an inappropriate diet and that dietary manipulations might reduce the incidence of fissure-in-ano. PMID- 3168664 TI - Collagen in colorectal cancer in relation to clinicopathologic stage and histologic grade. AB - Interstitial collagen is a major constituent of the tumor matrix. The quantity of this protein may influence the prognosis. The collagen content of 54 colorectal tumors, measured as the hydroxyproline concentration in relation to clinicopathologic stage and histologic grade, was investigated and no support for either a negative or positive influence on the prognosis. PMID- 3168665 TI - Contemporary operative management of pulmonary metastases of colorectal origin. AB - The management of patients with metastatic disease from primary carcinoma of the colon and rectum is still controversial. To evaluate the results of resection of pulmonary metastases from patients with colorectal primaries, a retrospective study of all patients who underwent such resection was carried out at the teaching hospitals of McGill University and Universite de Montreal. A total of 345 patients admitted with pulmonary metastases; 27 of them underwent pulmonary resection with the extent of the resection varying from wedge excision of the metastatic nodule to pneumonectomy. In 25 of the 27 patients the resection was considered curative. Eight of the 27 patients had resection of two metastatic lesions while the remaining 19 patients had resection of solitary lesions. The interval between resection of the primary colorectal malignancy and the resection of the metastatic lesion (disease-free interval) varied from 2 to 77 months with a median interval of 35 months. The five-year survival following resection of pulmonary metastases was 21 percent. A prolonged interval between treatment of the primary and resection of the pulmonary metastasis was associated with a longer survival. This retrospective study demonstrates that prolonged survival can be achieved following resection of pulmonary metastases from colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 3168666 TI - Association of colonic diverticula with adenomas and carcinomas. A colonoscopic experience. AB - A case control study of 150 individuals with colonic symptoms and diverticular disease diagnosed by total colonoscopy was performed to ascertain whether adenomas and carcinomas are detected with a higher frequency in these patients than in matched controls with symptoms but not diverticular disease. Adenomas and carcinomas were seen in 36 percent of the patients and in 17 percent of the controls (P less than .001); the overall odds ratio was calculated to be 3.0 (95 percent confidence interval +/- 1.8). When examined separately, adenomas maintained their significantly higher frequency (27 vs. 10 percent, P less than .001), while no difference was observed as regards carcinomas (9 vs. 7 percent). The odds ratios for adenomas and carcinomas were calculated to be 3.5 +/- 2.5 and 1.4 +/- 1.4, respectively. From the fifth to eighth decades there was a fourfold increase in premalignant and malignant lesions in the patient group and a twofold increase in controls. With relation to sex, a statistically significant difference was reached in men but not in women in the sample examined. These data show that symptomatic patients with colonic diverticula have more frequent adenomas, but not carcinomas, than symptomatic control matched by sex and age. PMID- 3168667 TI - Diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the rectosigmoid--CT scan, a new diagnostic modality, and surgical management using sphincter-saving procedures. Report of three cases. AB - Diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the rectosigmoid is a rare lesion. Preoperative recognition has been recorded but, because of lack of awareness and inconsistent diagnoses, inappropriate therapy still persists. Surgical therapy is the hallmark of treatment. Abdominoperineal resection has been advocated. Three cases of diffuse cavernous hemangiomas of the rectosigmoid, recognized preoperatively and treated successfully with sphincter-saving procedures, are reported. Use of the CT scan as a consistent diagnostic tool will be presented for the first time. PMID- 3168668 TI - Anterior sacral meningocele and the scimitar sign. Report of a case. AB - Anterior sacral meningocele is an unusual lesion that usually presents as a presacral mass. This is a case presentation of a young woman who presented with amenorrhea. On physical examination, a large presacral mass was found. Ultrasonography revealed a large cystic structure. Radiography of the pelvis demonstrated a sacral deformity or "scimitar sign" that is pathognomonic for anterior sacral meningocele. The diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography with myelographic enhancement. PMID- 3168669 TI - Statistics for colon and rectal surgeons. AB - To read the literature critically, it is important to understand the fundamental principles of statistical analysis. In a review of 190 articles of interest to colon and rectal surgeons, it was found that only 29 percent of articles contained no statistics at all. Twenty-four percent contained descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard, deviation) and 47 percent contained the use of formal statistical tests. In this article, several basic statistical concepts are reviewed. The three most frequently used tests in the colon and rectal literature, the t test, chi-square, and nonparametric tests, are described. An example of each test is given to illustrate how the test is used and how the results are interpreted. PMID- 3168670 TI - Loop ileostomy for complete fecal diversion following colectomy and ileoanal anastomosis. AB - A complete diverting loop ileostomy using a Penrose drain to occlude the distal limb to prevent spillover of intestinal contents, is described. PMID- 3168671 TI - Use of a nylon sleeve for safe reservoir downpulling during ileoanal anastomosis. PMID- 3168672 TI - A modified three-loop ileoanal reservoir. AB - A modification of the Park's three-loop reservoir that allows spontaneous evacuation of the pouch by eliminating the efferent limb is described. PMID- 3168673 TI - Problems with anal cancer demographics. PMID- 3168674 TI - Colostomy irrigations. PMID- 3168675 TI - Prevention of hemorrhoids: a matter of logic? PMID- 3168676 TI - Repair of simple rectovaginal fistulas. Influence of previous repairs. AB - The results of 81 endorectal flap advancements for simple rectovaginal fistulas are reported. Simple fistulas are defined as less than 2.5 cm in diameter, low or mid vaginal septum in location, and infectious or traumatic in origin. Essentially, the technique is advancement of a flap of mucosa, submucosa, and circular muscle over midline approximation of internal sphincter muscle. The mean patient age was 34 years old (range, 18 to 76 years). The causes were obstetrical injury (74 percent), perineal infection (10 percent), operative trauma (7 percent), and unknown (8 percent). Overall, the repair was successful in 83 percent of patients. Success correlated with the number of previous repairs, i.e., none: 88 percent success; one: 85 percent success; two: 55 percent success. There were 25 concomitant overlapping sphincteroplasty procedures. Only minor complications ensued, with no mortality. This repair is recommended for patients with no or one previous repair because of its lack of mortality, minimal morbidity, ease of concomitant sphincteroplasty, and avoidance of a colostomy. For patients with two or more earlier repairs, a muscle interposition should be considered. PMID- 3168677 TI - Is subtotal colectomy a viable option in the management of chronic constipation? AB - To determine if subtotal colectomy constitutes a valuable alternative in the treatment of patients with chronic constipation, a retrospective review of 52 consecutive patients who underwent subtotal colectomy between January 1980 and August 1985 was undertaken. Forty-six patients underwent ileodistal sigmoidostomy while five patients underwent ileoproctostomy and five with concomitant rectal prolapse underwent simultaneous proctopexy. A mortality rate of 3.8 percent and morbidity rate of 60 percent were encountered. The most frequently occurring complication was small-bowel obstruction, which occurred in 36 percent, and necessitated laparotomy in 66 percent. Additional procedures were necessary in five patients because of newly discovered rectal prolapse (two patients), rectocele (one patient), unrelieved constipation (one patient), and incapacitating incontinence (one patient). Follow-up data available in 94 percent (mean, 46 months) disclosed that patients had an average of 2.8 bowel movements per day without the use of laxatives (89 percent) or enemas (80 percent). Overall, 79 percent were satisfied with the final outcome. It is concluded that subtotal colectomy constitutes a viable option in the treatment of chronic constipation. However, the significant morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure dictate the need for careful patient selection on the basis of appropriate physiologic testing. PMID- 3168678 TI - Risk factors for developing voiding dysfunction after abdominoperineal resection for adenocarcinoma of the rectum. AB - Voiding dysfunction is a common sequel of abdominoperineal resection of the rectum. Twenty patients symptomatic after abdominoperineal resection, 14 with a preoperative normal urodynamic study and six with evidence of obstruction, were studied postoperatively. The importance of the following factors is analyzed: sex, stage, grade, size, distance of the tumor from the anal verge, metastatic lymph-node involvement, and extent of lymphadenectomy. Male gender, tumors situated between 4 and 8 cm from the anal verge, and lymphadenectomy that includes more than ten nodes may be considered risk factors for neurologic damage and postoperative voiding dysfunction. PMID- 3168679 TI - Epidural anesthesia for acute pseudo-obstruction of the colon (Ogilvie's syndrome). AB - With the theory that Ogilvie's syndrome is caused by sympathetic inhibition of contractility in the colon as a basis, 18 patients with acute colonic pseudo obstruction were enrolled in a treatment program assessing the safety and efficacy of sympathetic blockade, by epidural anesthesia, in those who failed conservative management. In some cases colonoscopy had been performed initially and, if unsuccessful, these patients were referred for treatment with epidural anesthesia. Seven patients recovered with conservative treatment alone. One patient refused further treatment and died of her underlying disease. Five of eight patients treated by epidural anesthesia responded. There were no recurrences following successful epidural anesthesia. Five of eight patients treated by colonoscopic decompression responded. No patients required surgical intervention. One patient suffered a subendocardial infarction during colonoscopy. There were no significant complications from epidural anesthesia. Epidural anesthesia is safe, effective, simple, and well tolerated in the management of Ogilvie's syndrome. PMID- 3168680 TI - Colorectal adenomas in a tropical country. AB - The objective of this study was to demonstrate the existence of colorectal adenomas in India and compare the findings with those reported elsewhere. Seventeen (2.06 percent) adenomas were detected among the 824 colonoscopic examinations conducted from 1978 to 1987. Synchronous malignant tumors were present in 3 (17.6 percent) of the 17 patients. Thus, though adenomas exist in India, they are relatively uncommon to western countries. PMID- 3168681 TI - Perineal excision of rectal prolapse with posterior levator ani repair in elderly high-risk patients. AB - Perineal excision of rectal prolapse with simultaneous posterior levator ani repair was used to treat 41 elderly patients with rectal procidentia. The majority of the patients had significant associated risk factors. This procedure was performed with minimal morbidity and no mortality. A significant improvement in anal continence was seen in 78 percent of patients. The recurrence rate of rectal prolapse was 4.8 percent. PMID- 3168682 TI - Micturitional dysfunction after anterior resection for rectal cancer. Rehabilitative treatment. AB - A clinical study was made of 21 patients (13 men and eight women) who had undergone anterior resection of the rectum for cancer at the National Tumour Institute of Milan between April 1984 and April 1985. After surgery, 13 patients (including three men with benign prostatic hypertrophy) showed voiding dysfunctions (hesitancy, dysuria, and weak stream) and bladder areflexia. Two of them also had positive Lapides' tests. An early rehabilitative treatment was started after surgery and the entire group was thoroughly reexamined one year later. Only the two patients with positive Lapides' tests still had bladder areflexia with residual urine greater than 100 ml. One of them also had a urinary tract infection. None of them showed decreased renal function. PMID- 3168683 TI - DNA content in ulcerative colitis. Flow cytometric analysis in a patient series from a defined area. AB - Sixty patients with ulcerative colitis of more than nine years' duration and 13 patients with a shorter disease duration were examined over a three-year period with flow cytometric DNA analysis and conventional histologic investigation of biopsy specimens obtained by colonoscopy. The patient series included all patients with ulcerative colitis from a colonic cancer surveillance program in a defined area. There were five patients-one who developed colonic cancer, one with high-grade dysplasia, and three with low-grade dysplasia. None of these showed aneuploidy (abnormal DNA stem lines). There were six patients with aneuploidy in one to six locations in the colorectum. On consecutive examinations, there was a high reproducibility of the abnormal DNA pattern for ploidy levels and location in the bowel. In these patients, there was no obvious relationship with definite dysplasia. It is concluded that flow cytometric DNA analysis in ulcerative colitis may become a valuable complement to evaluation of dysplasia in cancer surveillance, but assessment of the cancer risk in individual patients with aneuploidy needs further investigation. PMID- 3168684 TI - Pharmacoangiographic diagnosis of venous invasion of carcinoma of the colon with reference to liver metastases. AB - Angiography using prostaglandin E1 was performed on 34 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to define the degree of venous invasion. Venous findings on angiogram (occlusion and/or encasement) were classified into three groups: AG-V2, above-mentioned venous findings up to marginal vein; AG-V1, these findings up to the vasa recta; AG-V0, no distinct findings on the vein. These venous findings were compared with histologic subserosal venous invasion that was diagnosed with both hematoxylin and eosin and elastica van Gieson's staining. When angiographic findings were compared with histologic subserosal venous invasion, the results of AG-V2, AG-V1, and AG-V0 showed a positive correlation of 92.3 percent, 46.7 percent, and 16.7 percent, respectively. The angiographic findings were also correlated with the degree of fibrosis around the carcinoma of the colon. The incidence rate of liver metastasis in a group of AG-V2 was 46.2 percent. In AG-V1 it was 26.7 percent and in AG-V0 0 percent. In the course of the postoperative follow-up, liver metastases appeared in two cases of AG-V2 and AG-V1, respectively. This finding may suggest the presence of liver micrometastases at the time of surgery. PMID- 3168685 TI - Immunoglobulin-containing cells in the colonic mucosa of rabbits with carrageenan induced colitis. AB - Immunohistochemical analysis of immunocompetent cells in the colonic mucosa was performed with carrageenan-induced experimental colitis in rabbits. Colitis was induced by seven months of oral administration of lambda-degraded carrageenan following immunization with the same substances containing Freund's complete adjuvant. In the colonic mucosa with colitis, IgG- and IgM-containing cells were significantly increased in number (IgG: 540 +/- 94/mm2 in experimental group, vs. 120 +/- 54/mm2 in control, P less than .05, IgM: 55.0 +/- 19.7/mm2 in experimental group, vs. 6.7 +/- 2.4/mm2 in control, P less than .05). There was no significant increase of IgA-containing cells either in number or in proportion to the total mononuclear cells. These changes, induced by carrageenan in rabbits, had resembled those in human ulcerative colitis well. These observations suggested an impairment of the IgA-regulated local immune system and an abnormality in the differentiation process of immunoglobulin-secreting cells. PMID- 3168686 TI - Gracilis muscle repair of rectovaginal fistula after restorative proctocolectomy. Report of two cases. AB - Gracilis muscle interposition flaps have been used to treat two patients with rectovaginal fistulas. The fistulas occurred following restorative proctocolectomy with a J-shaped ileal reservoir and ileoanal anastomosis. Attempts at local repair of the fistulas had failed. A diverting loop ileostomy was constructed simultaneously. Anterior sphincteroplasty was performed in one patient for associated incontinence. Excellent results were achieved in both patients. The fistulas have healed, and intestinal continuity has been re established. This procedure can be useful to salvage a pelvic pouch complicated by a rectovaginal fistula. PMID- 3168688 TI - "Current status" not current status. PMID- 3168687 TI - Mucosal hyperplasia (mucocele) of the vermiform appendix. Report of a case. AB - Mucocele of the vermiform appendix was the term formerly used to describe all mucin-secreting lesions of the appendix. In actuality, there are three distinct clinicopathologic entities based on histologic differences. These are mucosal hyperplasia, cystadenoma, and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the appendix. Mucosal hyperplasia is usually an incidental finding during laparotomy for an unrelated condition. The case presented herein differed in that the patient had a three-month history of abdominal pain with nothing to suggest the presence of appendicitis, and a 3-cm opacification overlying the right iliac bone on x-ray. PMID- 3168689 TI - Normal standard dose validity. PMID- 3168691 TI - Usefulness of serum-ascites albumin difference in separating transudative from exudative ascites. Another look. AB - The serum-ascites albumin difference is reported to be superior to ascitic total protein, ascitic-to-serum total protein ratio, lactic dehydrogenase, and ascitic to-serum lactic dehydrogenase ratio in differentiating between ascites from liver disease and malignant ascites, S-A greater than 1.1 reflecting portal hypertension. We analyzed ascitic fluid from 46 consecutive patients with chronic liver disease, 28 patients with ascites associated with malignancy, 10 patients with right-sided heart failure, 4 patients with hypothyroidism, and 6 patients with miscellaneous causes of ascites to determine if this albumin difference is indeed a more valuable parameter. Analysis of our data confirms with a larger number of patients that the serum-ascites albumin difference is a more reliable indicator of transudative ascites, better termed portal hypertensive ascites. Malignant ascites without liver metastases had features of nonportal hypertensive ascites, and the serum-ascites albumin difference confirms this. The characteristics of malignant ascites associated with liver metastases, however, resemble those of the portal hypertensive ascites complicating liver disease. This new parameter is also helpful in distinguishing congestive heart failure with high protein ascites and portal hypertensive ascitic features from malignant ascites without liver metastases. Of particular note, myxedematous ascitic fluid, classically categorized as exudative, had an S-A greater than 1.1, indicating the possible role of portal hypertension in the development of ascites in these patients. PMID- 3168690 TI - Lipoprotein pattern and plasma lipoprotein lipase activities in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Relationship with increase of HDL2 fraction in Lp-X positive and Lp-X-negative subjects. AB - Plasma lipids, apoprotein A-I and B in serum and in lipoprotein fractions (VLDL + LDL, HDL2, and HDL3) obtained by preparative ultracentrifugation, as well as postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity (H-TGL and LPL) were evaluated in 17 subjects with primary biliary cirrhosis (stage II and III) subdivided into two groups according to the presence or absence of lipoprotein X (Lp-X). A reduction in total lipoprotein lipase activity was observed in both patient groups, compared to controls (P less than 0.01); the hepatic lipoprotein lipase was significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) only in the Lp-X-positive group. The lipid (477.8 +/- 154.3 vs 239.6 +/- 51.1; P less than 0.01) and protein (147.4 +/ 37.1 vs 83.3 +/- 19.7; P less than 0.01) masses in the VLDL + LDL fraction of the Lp-X-positive group were increased compared to controls. In the same group, the HDL2 fraction also showed an increase in lipid (186.6 +/- 80.0 vs 77.9 +/- 21.6; P less than 0.01) and protein (133.9 +/- 60.0 vs 67.9 +/- 16.5; P less than 0.01) masses; in addition, the HDL2 percent lipid composition was different in the two patient groups, showing a decrease in esterified cholesterol (20.4 +/- 3.6 vs 25.7 +/- 2.2; P less than 0.01) and an increase in phospholipids (59.2 +/- 2.9 vs 54.8 +/- 2.6; p less than 0.01) in the Lp-X-positive group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3168692 TI - Decreased hepatic selenium content in alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - Selenium deficiency has been implicated as contributing to hepatic injury in alcoholics. The mechanism by which this occurs is most likely lipoperoxidation secondary to decreased activity of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase. To further assess this relationship, we measured selenium content in autopsy livers in 12 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis compared to 13 patients matched for age and sex dying from other causes, mostly with cardiopulmonary diseases. The mean (+/- SEM) hepatic selenium content in cirrhosis was 0.731 +/- 0.077 microgram/g dry weight versus 1.309 +/- 0.166 microgram/g in controls (P less than 0.005; Student's t test). Clinical and biochemical indices of significant hepatic dysfunction, including encephalopathy, ascites, and elevations of serum bilirubin or prothrombin time, were only present in the cirrhotic group. A significant inverse correlation between hepatic selenium content and the prothrombin time was noted (r = -0.50; P less than 0.02). No significant relationships between hepatic selenium and the abnormalities of bilirubin, albumin, or aspartate aminotransferase were found. We conclude that significantly decreased hepatic selenium stores are present in patients with severe alcoholic cirrhosis compared to controls. The magnitude of that selenium deficit does correlate with some indices of hepatic function, specifically the prothrombin time. These data lend further support to a true selenium deficiency state in alcoholic cirrhosis. It is highly possible that selenium deficiency represents an important link, synergistically joining the nutritional and hepatotoxic backgrounds of alcoholic liver injury and cirrhosis. PMID- 3168694 TI - Elevated serum levels of tumor marker CA19-9 in acute cholangitis. AB - The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between the "tumor marker," CA19-9, and benign biliary tract disease. We measured serum and bile CA19-9 in 40 patients with (1) symptomatic cholelithiasis (N = 14), (2) common bile duct obstruction without cholangitis (N = 8), (3) acute cholangitis secondary to gallstone disease (N = 7), and (4) acute cholecystitis (N = 11). All seven patients with acute cholangitis had marked elevations of serum CA19-9 (range 190-32,000 units/ml; 75 units/ml cutoff), whereas none of the patients in the other groups had elevated levels despite similar degrees of cholestasis and similarly high levels of CA19-9 in gallbladder and common duct bile (range 7.3 X 10(4)-2.3 X 10(9) units/ml). Of the three patients with cholangitis in whom CA19 9 levels were followed serially, all had rapid return of levels to normal after successful treatment. We conclude that the "tumor marker" CA19-9 is markedly elevated in the serum of patients with acute cholangitis but not in patients with other forms of benign biliary tract disease. PMID- 3168695 TI - Use of pancreatic Schilling test to determine efficiency of pancreatic enzyme delivery in pancreatic insufficiency. AB - The pancreatic Schilling test (PST), a noninvasive, sensitive pancreatic function test, was studied to determine its ability to detect pancreatic proteolytic enzyme replacement in patients with pancreatic insufficiency. Seven subjects with well-documented pancreatic insufficiency and an abnormal PST consistent with pancreatic insufficiency were studied with three enzyme regimens: (1) Viokase (four tablets), (2) Pancrease (three capsules), and (3) Pancrease (10 capsules). The effect of cimetidine on the results of the PST with high-dose Pancrease was also determined in two subjects with pancreatic insufficiency and in two normal volunteers. The results of the investigation demonstrate that the PST is a sensitive noninvasive test for the presence of orally administered proteolytic enzymes in subjects with pancreatic insufficiency and in normals. Furthermore, the studies illustrate that the administration of enzymes in a form of enteric coated microspheres does not enhance the delivery of proteolytic enzymes to the small intestine when compared to conventional high-dose enzyme replacement. Cimetidine appears to decrease the inactivation of the proteolytic enzymes in enteric-coated microspheres, suggesting that a low pH in the small intestine and stomach are responsible for the poor delivery of the enzymes into the small intestine. PMID- 3168693 TI - Frequency of upper gastrointestinal lesions in patients with liver cirrhosis. AB - The frequency of gastroduodenal lesions has been investigated in 142 patients with liver cirrhosis of various degrees of severity and in 63 patients with mild liver disease (controls) in whom liver biopsy excluded nodular regeneration. Cirrhotic patients were subdivided in three groups according to the Pugh modification of the Child-Turcotte criteria. Although the frequency of peptic ulcer was not different, gastroduodenal erosions were observed more frequently in cirrhotics than in controls (29.6% vs 11.1%, P less than 0.01). The occurrence of erosions was related to the severity of the disease: in Child A and B patients their frequency was 21 and 26% respectively, but rose to 48.4 (15 of 31 vs 7 of 63 in controls, P less than 0.001) in the Child C group. Both mild and severe gastroduodenitis occurred more frequently, although not significantly, in patients with liver cirrhosis. All together one or more endoscopic lesions were observed in almost 60% of cirrhotics but only in 25.4% of controls (P less than 0.001). In conclusion, our data do not show an increased prevalence of peptic ulcer in cirrhotic patients; in contrast, liver cirrhosis is significantly associated with the endoscopic finding of gastroduodenal erosions, especially in the more advanced stages of the disease. These findings would suggest a cautious use, in cirrhotic patients, of drugs which may damage the gastroduodenal mucosa; moreover, long-term administration of antacids or of other drugs with a protective effect on gastroduodenal mucosa might be taken into consideration for Child C patients. PMID- 3168696 TI - Critical examination of therapeutic efficacy of a pH-sensitive enteric-coated pancreatic enzyme preparation in treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency secondary to cystic fibrosis. AB - In an attempt to critically examine the therapeutic efficacy of pH-sensitive enteric-coated pancreatic enzyme preparations in patients with pancreatic insufficiency due to cystic fibrosis, postprandial duodenal concentration and recovery of orally administered pancreatic enzymes, duodenal pH, and coefficient of fat absorption were determined in eight cases after ingestion of equivalent dosage of enteric-coated as well as conventional enzyme preparations. Ingestion of a pH-sensitive enteric-coated pancreatic enzyme preparation was accompanied with a significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in steatorrhea, as well as a lower mean concentration and recovery of lipase and trypsin activity in the postprandial duodenal samples. Furthermore, the intraluminal duodenal pH was noted to be below 4.0 during the postprandial period in all patients. These data suggest that in cystic fibrosis, the greater therapeutic efficacy of pH-sensitive enteric-coated preparations over conventional preparations may be related to the protection of pancreatic enzymes from the highly acidic milieu in the duodenum, allowing for possible bioavailability in the distal small intestine. PMID- 3168697 TI - Duodenal instillation of pancreatin does not abolish steatorrhea in patients with pancreatic insufficiency. AB - Many believe that intragastric deactivation of lipase accounts for the frequent failure of orally ingested pancreatic enzymes to normalize fat absorption in patients with pancreatic insufficiency. To test this hypothesis, we measured fat absorption from a large test meal in six patients with pancreatic insufficiency after we had instilled Viokase directly into the postcibal duodenum in two doses, one to deliver lipase at about 10% of normal secretory rates and the other at four times this rate. Direct duodenal instillation of neither the low nor the high dose of Viokase, nor the low dose of Viokase plus sodium bicarbonate, normalized fat absorption from the test meal; none of these duodenal instillations significantly improved fat absorption over that after the test meal plus orally ingested Viokase. Despite these various treatments, the patients excreted an average of 25.5 g of dietary fat as opposed to 2.1 g excreted by six normal subjects after the same meal. We conclude that more than just intragastric destruction of lipase underlies the frequent failure of orally ingested pancreatin to normalize fat absorption in pancreatic insufficiency. PMID- 3168698 TI - Combined effects of protein deficiency and chronic ethanol consumption on rat pancreas. AB - This study was performed in order to delineate the combined effects of protein deficiency and chronic ethanol ingestion on the rat pancreas. Rats fed ethanol in combination with protein-deficient diets developed marked steatosis, whereas alcohol ingestion with nutritionally adequate diets and protein deficiency alone each were associated with a more moderate degree of pancreatic lipid accumulation. On biochemical analysis, it was found that protein deficiency decreased pancreatic phospholipid content. Furthermore, both protein deficiency and chronic ethanol consumption increased pancreatic cholesteryl ester content, and their effects were additive. Functional changes were studied using isolated pancreative acini. Protein deficiency depressed the tissue content of lipase and the ability of pancreatic acini to secrete lipase. Chronic ethanol feeding increased lipase levels in the acini and also their secretory capacity. Thus, to the extent that enzyme accumulation in the pancreas plays a role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic pancreatitis, these results may explain the higher incidence of pancreatitis in well-nourished alcoholics that has been documented in dietary surveys. PMID- 3168699 TI - Effect of low-dose exogenous secretin on pentagastrin- and meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion in humans. AB - Intravenous infusion of secretin in a dose of 0.05 CU/kg/hr inhibited pentagastrin-stimulated (100 ng/kg/hr) acid secretion by 42% (P less than 0.05) abd meal-stimulated (10% peptone, pH 5.5) acid secretion by 33% (P less than 0.05) in 10 healthy subjects. Median serum gastrin concentration during peptone stimulation was reduced by 24% (P less than 0.05) during secretin infusion. Median plasma secretin concentrations were 6.0 and 5.2 pmol/liter, respectively. Since these secretin concentrations are of the same magnitude as those seen after duodenal acidification, it is concluded that secretin may participate in the physiological inhibition of gastric acid secretion. PMID- 3168700 TI - Short-term effects of bile diversion on postgastrectomy gastric histology. AB - Twelve partially gastrectomized subjects who have consecutively undergone total biliary diversion for severe bilious vomiting were studied before and after operation in order to assess the effects of surgery on gastric histology and enterogastric reflux. Before and six months after operation, the following protocol was performed: (1) blood examinations including serum basal gastrin; (2) endoscopy with multiple gastric biopsies; and (3) quantitation of bile acids in the gastric aspirate. Of the preoperative symptoms, bilious vomiting and heartburn completely disappeared postoperatively in all the subjects. Fasting bile reflux was significantly reduced (bile reflux was annulled in six and considerably lowered in the remaining six subjects), and erythema of the gastric mucosa completely disappeared in all the subjects after diversion. Among histological findings, while a significant regression of foveolar hyperplasia was found both in the perianastomotic area and in the body of gastric remnant, none of the other aspects identifiable in postgastrectomy gastric mucosa (chronic gastritis changes included) were affected by diversion. These results show that biliary diversion is effective in correcting reflux, bilious vomiting, erythema, and foveolar hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa and confirm the suggested relationship between bile reflux and gastric foveolar hyperplasia. PMID- 3168702 TI - Sulfhydryls and gastric mucosa protection. PMID- 3168703 TI - Cytoprotection--once more. PMID- 3168704 TI - D-sorbitol clearance. PMID- 3168701 TI - Peptide YY concentrations in normal ileum and colon and in idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Concentrations of the candidate endocrine and paracrine peptide, peptide YY, were measured by specific radioimmunoassay in tissue extracts prepared from normal ileum, normal colon, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. In both the ascending and descending colon, there were significantly decreased mean concentrations of peptide YY in Crohn's colitis and ulcerative colitis, compared to mean concentrations in normal colon. There was no age-related decrease of concentrations of peptide YY in normal colon. The decrease in concentrations of peptide YY in colon obtained from patients with inflammatory bowel disease did not appear related either to the duration of the clinical symptoms of the disease or to the severity of colonic inflammation. Further studies of the physiological function of peptide YY in man are needed to determine whether these findings might be useful in understanding a component of the pathophysiology of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 3168706 TI - Cisplatin and myoelectric activity. PMID- 3168705 TI - Mechanism of action of nonantisecretory agents. PMID- 3168707 TI - Three cases with light-induced retinopathy. AB - Three patients presented a characteristic retinopathy presumably induced by light arising from operating microscope during extracapsular cataract extraction combined with intraocular lens insertion. The operating microscope was equipped with video-recorder. Light sources were tungsten bulb. All cases were asymptomatic and an inspection at the post-operative control examination led to the detection of this type of retinopathy. PMID- 3168708 TI - Nontoxic concentration of amphotericin B for intravitreal use--evaluated by in vitro ERG. AB - Amphotericin B (AMPH)-induced changes of the electroretinogram (ERG) were studied in the in vitro eye-cup of the albino rabbit. The a-wave, b-wave, oscillatory potentials and c-wave were not changed by 1 microM AMPH, and these all were slightly suppressed by 5 microM AMPH. These changes were mostly reversible. The b wave and oscillatory potentials were greatly suppressed by 50 microM AMPH. These changes were only partially reversible 75 minutes after re-perfusion without AMPH. PMID- 3168709 TI - Cluster analysis in visual field quantification. AB - The central visual fields of 2165 normal and 106 glaucoma eyes were measured using a threshold related suprathreshold strategy. The effects of altering the cluster radius in normals and glaucoma eyes sheds light on the nature of defects in these two groups. It is estimated that approximately 13% of normals have clusters; the great majority of these individuals have one cluster of two defects. Most clusters in normals are formed artefactually due to angioscotoma and/or physiological variations in the blind spot position. Clusters due to other factors occur rarely. Clusters are found with equal frequencies in the superior and inferior fields in normal eyes, but with a greater frequency in the superior field in glaucoma eyes. The use of clusters in quantification is both sensitive and specific. Using results from this large sample and looking at other visual field properties, it is possible to devise weighted probability indices to score visual fields. PMID- 3168710 TI - Pre- and postoperative findings of pattern VECPs and ERGs in patients of orbital tumors. AB - Two cases of orbital tumors were studied pre- and postoperatively by means of the pattern VECP and -ERG together with MRI-CT recordings. The visual functions in one patient deteriorated but those in the other recovered after operation. In both cases a relation was found between the VECPs and the subjective visual data. PMID- 3168711 TI - OODG-Ulrich and OPG-Gee: a comparative study. AB - For an adequate assessment of both the ophthalmological and the neurological consequences of carotid obstruction measurement of the blood pressure in the carotid flow area is essential. To this end there are two objective, registrating methods available at the moment: OPG-Gee and OODG-Ulrich. A comparative study was made into the basic principles, calibration curves and application methods of these systems. By both methods the systolic retinal--and ciliary--as well as the diastolic ocular blood pressure can be measured. OODG is more exact for the differentiation and measurement of the two systolic blood pressures. OPG-Gee, however, offers the unique additional possibility of a judgement on the systolic blood pressure in the carotid siphon without, however, taking into account a (difference in) pre-existing intraocular pressure. Our own investigation shows that in order to obtain a correct assessment of the carotico-brachial relation both blood pressures should be measured simultaneously. The results of the graphic analysis of the curves are compared to those by Ulrich. For the diagnosis of carotid obstructions this analysis of the shape had no advantages over the determination of the pressure values. Finally, a survey is given of possible applications of OPG and OODG in various other syndromes. PMID- 3168712 TI - Desensitization of the isolated bovine iris sphincter muscles by pilocarpine. AB - We investigated the effect of pilocarpine on the bovine iris sphincter. This muscle contracted in a dose-dependent manner from 2 x 10(-6) M, with a maximal response at 3 x 10(-3) M. The ED50 values was (1.6 +/- 0.3) x 10(-4) M. Pilocarpine generated a desensitization while desensitization was not significant in the case of other cholinergic agents such as acetylcholine (Ach) and carbachol. Desensitization was profoundly increased in the presence of Ach, neostigmine or eserine: the responses to the second and third trials of pilocarpine were reduced to approximately 8-10% or 30% of the corresponding first responses. Pilocarpine reportedly releases transmitters and alters choline acetyltransferase activity. These results taken together suggest that either variable Ach synthesis, inhibitory transmitter release or possible toxic action in high concentrations may be involved in the pilocarpine-induced responses of the bovine iris sphincter muscle. The desensitization and partial agonist antagonist action of pilocarpine could not explain the characteristics of the bovine iris sphincter muscle. PMID- 3168713 TI - Hereditary retinal degeneration in the Abyssinian cat: developmental studies using clinical electroretinography. AB - Electroretinography was performed in 10 Abyssinian cats, homozygous for a hereditary retinal degenerative disease but still with an ophthalmoscopically normal retina, and in 11 mixed-breed controls, all between the ages of 8 and 104 weeks. A significant reduction of maximum dark-adapted b-wave amplitude was found in affected kittens as young as 8-16 weeks when compared with controls, although there was no major difference in dark-adapted b-wave threshold or implicit time for the b-wave between affected and controls. For cats 33-104 weeks, similar results were obtained except for the b-wave threshold, which was elevated 2.5 log units in one of the affected cats. No significant difference in 30-Hz cone flicker responses were found between affected and controls at any age studied. In the time period 17-32 weeks affected Abyssinian kittens could not be differentiated from controls by means of the electroretinogram. The significant reduction in scotopic b-wave maximum amplitudes in young affected kittens (8-16 weeks) in conjunction with normal thresholds suggests an early drop-out of rods. It is clear that affected kittens can be differentiated electrophysiologically from controls long before there are ophthalmoscopic signs of retinal disease. PMID- 3168714 TI - Rod and cone psychophysics and electroretinography: methods for comparison in retinal degenerations. AB - Methods have been developed to compare full field rod and cone electroretinograms with results of rod and cone static perimetric measurements across the visual field. In a limited number of patients with retinal degeneration, including two subtypes of retinitis pigmentosa, there were close relationships between electroretinographic and psychophysical parameters. Maximum b-wave amplitude and visual field area were highly correlated, as were electroretinographic and perimetric measures of sensitivity loss. Future application of the methods to large numbers of patients with typical retinitis pigmentosa may help elucidate different mechanisms of retinal degeneration. PMID- 3168715 TI - Electrical responses of the human eye to changes in saturation of the stimulating light. AB - Previous studies on color vision using the electroretinogram or the evoked potential have concentrated only on brightness and hue but not on the saturation of color. In the present investigation patterns of alternate stripes of a highly saturated color and a totally desaturated color (= white) of equal brightness were presented in the pattern-reversal mode. It can be demonstrated that the reading obtained is in agreement with psychophysical saturation scale data of earlier investigators. PMID- 3168716 TI - Effects of aging on the temporal frequency characteristics determined by pattern visually evoked cortical potentials. AB - Pattern reversal visually evoked cortical potentials were recorded from 70 normal volunteers, aged from 4 to 70 years. Eleven reversal frequencies between 1 and 20 rev/sec were presented. The progressive reduction in the amplitude of the P100 component with age for lower frequency ranges was shown up to the age decade of 30-39 years and the temporal tuning curve became a constant pattern after 40 years. However, there was a trend that the maxima of the tuning curve shifted toward lower frequencies with age after 30 years. PMID- 3168717 TI - Effect of adaptation and wavelength on the power spectrum of human oscillatory potentials. AB - Oscillatory potentials were recorded from four adult subjects under dark- and light-adapted conditions with photopically balanced red and blue flashes. The responses between 80 and 200 Hz were analyzed by means of a Fast Fourier transform program. The results show a robust change in the power--but not in the frequency composition--with the different stimulus conditions. We suggest that an analysis of the total power within this frequency band may provide a quantitative way of evaluating the duplex nature of the oscillatory potentials. PMID- 3168718 TI - Measuring oscillatory potentials: Fourier analysis. AB - Studying the oscillatory potentials in diabetic retinopathy, the authors experienced several problems interpreting results of digital filtering. The main problem was the separation of the first potential from the a-wave, since their frequencies are within the same range. To improve the procedure of measuring implicit times and of calculating amplitudes, the filtering was started with a finite impulse response filter and followed by a fast Fourier transform. The power of the oscillatory potential was calculated by determining the dominant frequency in the Fourier transformed response and expressed in microwatts. A group of normal subjects was compared with a group of early diabetic retinopathy patients. It appears that even in pathological circumstances a quantitative expression of the oscillatory potential is possible. PMID- 3168719 TI - Pattern electroretinograms in ocular hypertension. AB - The authors recorded pattern electroretinograms at different spatial frequencies in 16 patients affected with ocular hypertension. In 12 of these subjects the electroretinograms dropped in amplitude around 2 cycles/degree. The authors attributed this finding to ocular hypertension, hypothesizing ischemic damage at the head of the optic nerve with consequent fiber atrophy and degeneration of ganglion cells. PMID- 3168720 TI - Color vision testing with a computer graphics system: preliminary results. AB - We report a method for computer enhancement of color vision tests. In our graphics system 256 colors are selected from a much larger range and displayed on a screen divided into 768 x 288 pixels. Eight-bit digital-to-analogue converters drive a high quality monitor with separate inputs to the red, green, and blue amplifiers and calibrated gun chromaticities. The graphics are controlled by a PASCAL program written for a personal computer, which calculates the values of the red, green, and blue signals and specifies them in Commite Internationale d'Eclairage X, Y, and Z fundamentals, so changes in chrominance occur without changes in luminance. The system for measuring color contrast thresholds with gratings is more than adequate in normal observers. In patients with mild retinal damage in whom other tests of visual function are normal, this method of testing color vision shows specific increases in contrast thresholds along tritan color confusion lines. By the time the Hardy-Rand-Rittler and Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue tests disclose abnormalities, gross defects in color contrast threshold can be seen with our system. PMID- 3168721 TI - Electroretinogram c-wave and slow PIII of the rabbit: changes in peak time and amplitude under various stimulus durations. AB - Changes in peak time and amplitude of the direct current registered c-wave of the electroretinogram of the albino rabbit were investigated with various stimuli of duration ranging from 0.25 to 10 sec. The stimulus intensity was 500 lux at the surface of the cornea. Slow PIII was isolated by administrations of sodium iodate and sodium aspartate. The peak time of the c-wave was longer than that of the slow PIII in the range of stimulus duration less than 3.5 sec, but peak times were almost the same in the range above 3.5 sec. The amplitude of the c-wave at peak was larger than the corresponding amplitude of the slow PIII in the range less than 1 sec, but the slow PIII became larger than the c-wave at more than 1 sec. For stimuli less than 4 sec, the smaller the stimulus duration, the smaller was the negative slow PIII which affected the height of the c-wave. We conclude that in order to minimize the influence of the slow PIII on the c-wave, the duration of stimuli with intensity of 500 lux for recording the c-wave of the rabbit should be less than 4 sec. PMID- 3168722 TI - Retinal toxicity of antibiotics: evaluation by electroretinogram. AB - Toxicity of an intravitreal injection of gentamicin sulfate, disodium sulbenicillin and cefazolin sodium on the retina was investigated by electroretinogram in albino and pigmented rabbits. Recordings were made before injection and 2 hours and 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after injection. Significant differences were found in the susceptibility of the electroretinogram components to various antibiotics as follows. Gentamicin 0.24 mg/0.1 ml irreversibly abolished all the components examined. Sulbenicillin 4.0, 8.0, or 12 mg/0.1 ml transiently suppressed the b-wave and the oscillatory potentials incrementally with increasing dose. Cefazolin 0.5, 2.0, or 5.0 mg/0.1 ml selectively reduced the oscillatory potentials, leaving the a- and b-waves almost unattenuated. The cefazolin-suppressed oscillatory potentials recovered within 14 days after injection. Judging from the most susceptible electroretinogram components to each antibiotic, we recommend intravitreal doses of these antibiotics for clinical use as follows: gentamicin 0.1 mg/0.1 ml, sulbenicillin 2 mg/0.1 ml, and cefazolin 0.25 mg/0.1 ml. PMID- 3168723 TI - Focal cone electroretinograms: aging and macular disease. AB - Focal cone electroretinograms were obtained with a 3-degree flickering stimulus from 100 normal eyes and 134 eyes with known macular disease. Responses were obtained during direct visualization of the fundus with a hand-held stimulator ophthalmoscope. Mean foveal cone amplitude for 100 normal eyes was 0.31 microV, with 95% of all amplitudes greater than 0.18 microV. There was a significant inverse correlation between amplitude and age for responses obtained from the fovea (r = -0.91; p less than 0.001) but not for responses obtained from the parafovea (midway between fovea and disk, r = -0.53; not significant). In eyes with known maculopathy, mean foveal cone amplitude was correlated with Snellen acuity. Even after correcting for normal decreases in amplitude with age, responses were significantly reduced in 88/94 (94%) of all eyes with 20/40 or poorer acuity, suggesting that the focal electroretinogram is a sensitive test for detecting macular disease. PMID- 3168724 TI - The effect of choroidal congestion in retinal pigment epithelium function and the electroretinogram. AB - Increased choroidal pressure and choroidal stasis were induced in Dutch rabbit eyes by tying off vortex veins. Ligating one to three vortex veins caused a progressive diminution in the b- and c-waves of the electroretinogram so that the amplitudes were approximately half of control values when three vortices had been ligated. After ligation of four vortex veins, the responses rapidly disappeared. Release of the occlusion twenty minutes later caused the b-wave to return to normal over a few hours' time, but the c-wave showed variable recovery and was replaced by a large slow pIII response in half of the experiments. These observations may reflect a combination of hypoxia and alterations in fluid movement that affect the status of the subretinal space. PMID- 3168725 TI - Maturation of the electroretinogram of the neonatal rabbit. AB - The development of the electroretinogram in the rabbit has been said to proceed with first the a-wave, then the b-wave and last the oscillatory potentials. The aim of our study was to reexamine this claim with special attention to the oscillatory potentials. Albino rabbits from the same litter were studied at weekly intervals for five weeks from the first week of life. A Grass photostimulator was used in light and dark adaptation and 50 amplified responses were averaged. Both 1-1000 Hz (electroretinogram) and 100-1000 Hz (oscillatory potential) band-widths were recorded simultaneously. The a-wave was the earliest signal to appear, at the second week of life. A rapid growth of the b-wave and oscillatory potentials was then noted between the second and third weeks, followed by a slower change. They evolved at the same rate, each with an increase in amplitude and decrease in peak time. The change in form of the b-wave was consistent with the sequential formation of each potential as the rabbit matured. The finding of simultaneous development of the b-wave and oscillatory potentials in the aging neonatal rabbit is contrary to previous reports. PMID- 3168726 TI - Cone electroretinograms and visual acuities of diabetic patients on sorbinil treatment. AB - Photopic, 30-Hz, and foveal electroretinograms were measured in 19 diabetic patients in an experimental study of the effects of short-term Sorbinil (an aldose-reductase inhibitor) on retinal function. Patients were assigned in double blind fashion to Sorbinil (250 mg/day) or placebo groups and were tested at the outset and after four weeks of therapy. Comparisons (t-test) between the Sorbinil and placebo groups failed to show significant effects of treatment on electroretinograms, although there was a significant correlation within the Sorbinil group between foveal recordings and red cell sorbitol at the end of treatment. Analysis showed that increased foveal electroretinograms were found in patients with low initial retinopathy but not in those with greater retinopathy. Eight patients continued Sorbinil treatment for one year. Again patients improving their foveal measurements had less initial retinopathy than those not improving. This difference was significant after one year of treatment but not at four weeks. PMID- 3168727 TI - Multi-channel visual evoked potentials in early compressive lesions of the chiasm. AB - The sensitivity of transient, pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials in the detection of early compressive lesions of the chiasm is controversial in the literature. There have been claims that the technique is capable of detecting an abnormality in the absence of any demonstrable visual field loss, and conversely that VEPs are not reliable for the detection of chiasmal lesions even when a bitemporal hemianopsia is clearly recordable. Using nine patients with pituitary adenoma we attempted to quantify the extent of visual field loss and correlate the diagnostic capabilities of topographically recorded potentials following full and half-field stimulus presentations of various field and check sizes. Differential light thresholds were measured and quantified according to one investigator's graticule for the neural representation of visual space. Results show a strong correlation between the degree of information loss and the diagnostic value of the visual evoked potential. The technique was, however, capable of detecting abnormality in the absence of recordable field loss when large field and check sizes were used. PMID- 3168728 TI - Pattern- and flash-evoked potentials in patients with dissociated vertical deviation. AB - Pattern reversal and flash evoked potentials were recorded in 13 children with dissociated vertical deviation. We found no evidence of anomalous responses to pattern reversal half-field stimulation and no asymmetries in flash responses as reported to occur in albinism. However, we found that patients with dissociated vertical deviation had significantly smaller monocular and binocular pattern responses compared to a group of age-matched control subjects. PMID- 3168729 TI - Effect of stimulus field size and localization on the binocular pattern reversal visual evoked response. AB - The role of the central and peripheral stimulus fields on monocular and binocular amplitude and binocular summation of the pattern reversal visual evoked response were investigated. When the central stimulus field size was smaller than 2.4 degrees, there was no significant difference between the amplitude of the monocular and the binocular responses, but when it was equal to or larger than 3.2 degrees x 3.2 degrees, the binocular amplitude was significantly larger than the monocular. The value of binocular summation was highest at the central stimulus field of 4.0 degrees x 4.0 degrees; at larger sizes, there were no significant changes in the value. Use of a central stimulus field size larger than 3.2 degrees x 3.2 degrees was therefore considered a prerequisite for the effective assessment of visual function, especially binocular function, by means of the pattern reversal visual evoked response. With regard to the role of peripheral stimulus field on pattern reversal response, both the monocular and binocular responses, but particularly the latter, were found to be sensitive to a scotoma produced by covering the center of a full-field stimulus. The value of the binocular summation showed a significant reduction with a small central scotoma. We concluded that the pattern reversal visual evoked response is very sensitive to a central scotoma and that binocular function is mediated mainly through the central stimulus field. PMID- 3168730 TI - Pattern electroretinogram can be more than the sum of local luminance responses. AB - It is generally accepted that the pattern electroretinogram for very large spatial elements is the result of local luminance stimulation. Responses due to the luminance differences between elements may be assumed to be relatively unimportant because in the case of large elements only few retinal units are stimulated by gradients. With decreasing pattern element size one wonders to what extent the electroretinogram continues to be based on the local luminance stimulation. We investigated this question using 8 Hz checkerboard reversal and compared the pattern recordings with the recordings resulting from the same stimulus field modulated homogeneously (focal electroretinogram). A 100% modulated checkerboard at retinal level may be considerably less modulated because of imperfect optics of the eye. So the pattern electroretinogram should be compared with homogeneous field stimulation of correspondingly lower modulation depth. On the basis of the optical transfer properties of the eye we compared by subtracting the proper focal electroretinogram from the pattern electroretinogram. The difference response was virtually zero for check sizes larger than 120'. For checks from 60' down the difference response was of the same order of magnitude as the adjusted focal recording. This difference response for eyes with normal optics is largest around 30'; its wave form was found to be rather invariant with check size. PMID- 3168732 TI - [The effect of troponin I on Ca2+-induced conformation transitions of troponin C modified by N-1-pyrene maleimide]. PMID- 3168731 TI - Check-size specific changes of pattern electroretinogram in patients with early open-angle glaucoma. AB - The pattern electroretinogram was recorded in patients with initial stages of visual field defects due to open-angle glaucoma and in age-matched normal subjects. Both normal subjects and glaucoma patients had a visual acuity above 0.8. Counterphasing checkerboard patterns were used as visual stimuli with a range of check sizes from 0.8 degree to 15 degrees at 7.8 reversals/s. Whereas the amplitude in glaucoma patients was nearly normal for large check sizes, it was significantly reduced for small check sizes (p = 0.003). Possibly two separate mechanisms that generate the pattern electroretinogram for small and large checks are differentially affected; they may be related to the magnocellular and parvocellular systems. The difference between normals and glaucoma patients was even more significant when the ratios of the amplitudes at small and large check sizes were compared (p less than 0.0002). When this ratios is used, the amplitude variability can be partly overcome and the pattern electroretinogram can be a sensitive indicator of ganglion cell function. PMID- 3168733 TI - [The effect of differences in the structure of transcription-active and inactive chromatin by a DNP electrophoresis method]. PMID- 3168734 TI - [Specific binding of phenol-containing antioxidant with plasma membranes of cells and its inhibition by various biologically active substances]. PMID- 3168735 TI - [Spectral sensitivity of the human eye]. PMID- 3168736 TI - [Primary structure and organization of the genome of potato virus X]. PMID- 3168737 TI - [Basic functions of the visual cortex in the cat]. PMID- 3168738 TI - [Changes in the volume of blood vessel wall in the contractile process]. PMID- 3168739 TI - [A stage of the inhibition of free radical lipid oxidation precedes its activation during stress]. PMID- 3168740 TI - [A theory of signal detection and characteristics of the temperature analyzer]. PMID- 3168741 TI - [Directional diagram of hearing in the dolphin Tursiops truncatus L]. PMID- 3168743 TI - [Complementary-addressed modification of double-stranded DNA in a triple-strand complex]. PMID- 3168742 TI - [Cloning and analysis of nucleotide sequences permanently attached to nuclear skeleton of DNA fragments]. PMID- 3168744 TI - [Frequency resolution of the dolphin hearing]. PMID- 3168745 TI - [Electron cytochemical detection of carbohydrate determinants of surface membrane of cultured neurons]. PMID- 3168746 TI - [Immunocytochemical localization of epidermal growth factor receptors on plasma membrane of A-431 cells]. PMID- 3168747 TI - [Mechanisms of stimulating effects of regenerating muscle tissue on the recovery of irradiated skeletal muscle]. PMID- 3168748 TI - [The effect of regenerating gastrocnemius muscle on the radiosensitivity of spleen cells of C57Bl mice]. PMID- 3168749 TI - [Primary structure of chromosome-specific human alpha-satellite DNA]. PMID- 3168750 TI - [Neuronal correlations of the reward and pulse activity of single cells in the dog frontal cortex]. PMID- 3168751 TI - [Changes in the arterial pressure and activity of kallikrein-kinin system components during immunization of rabbits with erythrocyte bradykinin conjugate]. PMID- 3168752 TI - [Selectivity of neurons in the chipmunk striatal cortex (frontal visual view) for the polarity of contrast and direction of movement of visual stimuli]. PMID- 3168753 TI - [Physiological characteristics and functional role of liver osmoreceptors in the regulation of water-electrolyte homeostasis]. PMID- 3168754 TI - [Marking activity, morphometric analysis of steroid-dependent organs and species specificity of the sexual activity of male house and mount-building mice]. PMID- 3168756 TI - [Hypooxygenation in populations of radionuclide-carrying mammals]. PMID- 3168755 TI - [Microinjections of antibodies against microtubule proteins: the effect on distribution and movement of melanosomes in melanophores]. PMID- 3168757 TI - Further studies on the pharmacodynamic properties and organ selectivity of octylonium bromide. AB - At concentrations ranging from 8.5 to 30 microM, octylonium bromide (OB) did not affect sodium channel availability measured as maximal rate of depolarization (Vmax) of cardiac action potential. On the other hand, at equieffective spasmolytic concentrations (1.1 mM), procaine markedly inhibited Vmax as well as other electrophysiological parameters. These experiments indicate that at fully effective spasmolytic concentrations OB is devoid of local anaesthetic properties. In concentrations up to 10 microM OB did not affect phosphodiesterase activity in crude homogenates of rat colon which were inhibited by both papaverine (EC50 = 0.7 mM) and theophylline (EC50 = 3.5 mM). OB was more effective in antagonizing spasmogen-induced contractions on colonic as compared to tracheal preparations. Inhibition of Neurohormone-induced calcium ion mobilization from cellular and extracellular pools remains the mechanism of action which best explains the spasmolytic effects of OB on intestinal smooth muscle. PMID- 3168758 TI - Xanthine derivatives: could a further study of the mechanisms of action yield new therapeutic agents? PMID- 3168759 TI - Personality disorders and alcoholism treatment outcome. AB - The relationship existing between personality disorders (classified according to DSM III) and alcohol treatment outcome was evaluated in 404 alcoholics admitted to the Psychiatric Clinic of the University of Trieste, Italy. One quarter of the subjects had personality disorders, mainly of the 'antisocial', 'dependent', and 'borderline' subtypes. Alcohol abuse was specifically related to 'antisocial' personalities. Marked differences in treatment outcome among personality disorders were found. Group therapy for alcoholism was not beneficial to 'antisocial' personalities; it was most useful among 'dependent' subjects. PMID- 3168760 TI - A possible link between morphine and alcohol preferences in rat. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats were intoxicated with alcohol or morphine, by ingestion in a fluid diet. Alcohol or morphine preference was studied in two-bottle choice tests. Preference increased up to a certain level with increasing time of intoxication at one dose level. Some 10% of the animals had an extremely high preference already after a short ingestion period. Another 10% showed an extremely low drug preference even after long intoxication. When rats were consecutively intoxicated with morphine and alcohol, or vice versa, followed by choice tests with the respective drug, the statistical correlation between alcohol and morphine preference was weak in the individual rats. Approximately 20% of the high morphine preference rats also had a high alcohol preference. Early postnatal morphine intoxication slightly increased morphine, but not alcohol preference in the physically dependent male adult rats. Thus, there seem to be different and specific mechanisms underlying the alcohol and opiate preference in rats, although some overlapping probably exists. PMID- 3168761 TI - Comparison of peripheral and central administration of naloxone in precipitating abstinence in morphine-dependent rats. AB - Although it has been known that a morphine abstinence syndrome can be induced by naloxone administered centrally or peripherally, data on a detailed qualitative and quantitative comparison are not available. In the present study morphine pellets were implanted into rats and naloxone was administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) 72 h later. A full array of abstinence signs with similar latency, duration, and intensity was seen in morphine-dependent rats following naloxone by either route. There were no major differences in the spectrum of withdrawal signs or in the proportion of rats showing the individual signs. In terms of body weight and temperature, the highest doses tested by each route produced similar quantitative effects. Our results demonstrate that naloxone given i.c.v. can precipitate the full morphine abstinence syndrome in rats at about 1/3 the dose needed for comparable effects when the antagonist is administered s.c. PMID- 3168762 TI - Amantadine: evaluation of reinforcing properties and effect on cocaine self injection in baboons. AB - The ability of amantadine to maintain self-injection behavior and to alter self administration of cocaine was examined in baboons using a standard intravenous cocaine self-injection procedure. Responding was maintained under a FR 80- or 160 response schedule of intravenous cocaine delivery (0.32 mg/kg per injection). Each drug injection was followed by a 3-h time-out allowing a maximum of 8 injections/day. Vehicle or amantadine doses were substituted for cocaine for a period of 15 or more days. Evaluation of a wide range of amantadine doses (0.32 32 mg/kg per injection) showed that this compound did not maintain self administration behavior above vehicle control levels. In another experiment using the cocaine self-injection baseline, amantadine (10 or 32 mg/kg per day) was administered via a chronic intravenous infusion. Cocaine self-injection behavior was maintained and re-initiated during chronic amantadine exposure, suggesting that the reinforcing efficacy of cocaine was not modified by chronic amantadine administration. PMID- 3168763 TI - Attitudes of urban South Africans towards drinking and drunkenness. AB - The question of whether South Africans approve of drinking and drunkenness was researched. It seems that although they evaluate both drinking and drunkenness in general negatively, and particularly more negatively than for example Finns and Swedes do, substantial proportions accept drinking and drunkenness in certain situations, especially when these are of a non-work nature. PMID- 3168764 TI - Involvement of families in group therapy of heroin addicts. AB - In a follow-up study of 98 heroin addicts staying in a therapeutic community for different periods of time the effectiveness of involving family members in the group therapy was investigated. In subjects who terminated the treatment programme prematurely on their own the length of abstinence was linked to the frequency of parental attendance at group therapy. PMID- 3168765 TI - The use of psychoactive substances among Egyptian males working in the manufacturing industries. AB - The current work is part of a series of epidemiological studies on the extent and patterns of the non-medical use of psychoactive substances by significant sectors of the Egyptian population. A standardized interviewing schedule was especially constructed for the present survey and item re-take reliabilities were established. The interview was conducted on 5108 men working in the manufacturing industries. Findings are discussed and comparisons made between these results and the corresponding data obtained in our previous investigations on other sectors of the society. Egyptian industrial workers, compared with male university students seem to have a rather late age of onset of drug use, and to go for natural narcotics rather than prescription psychotropic drugs and alcohol. Much more workers than students take alcohol as an analgesic. There were, however, a number of commonalities among workers and various types of students concerning drug-related behaviour. PMID- 3168766 TI - The dexamethasone suppression test in chronic alcoholics with and without depression and its relationship to their hepatic status. AB - Fifty consecutively admitted male alcoholics (mean age = 42.8 +/- 8.5 years) were selected. This study shows objectively that 31/50 chronic alcoholics (62%) were found to be severely depressed (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRS) greater than 22); 12/50 (24%) moderately depressed (HRS = 16-22); and 7/50 (14%) were not depressed (HRS less than 15). According to dexamethasone suppression test (DST) results, 8 out of 50 patients showed escape from suppression with 2 mg dexamethasone while 42/50 showed normal suppression. Depression in alcoholics may be of neurotic type or it may be ethanol-induced reactive depression. Raised cortisol levels and abnormal DST response showed a definite tendency towards normalisation after total abstinence accompanied by clinical improvement of depressive symptomatology. The DST showed improvement on improvement of mood and sleep in these patients during total abstinence. An abnormal DST response in chronic alcoholics seems to be state-related and not trait-dependent; it seems to be a non-specific test for depression in alcoholics. Hepatic status was affected equally in both suppressors and non-suppressors of DST. It is therefore suggested that abnormal DST in alcoholics may be due to the abnormality of the hypothalamo pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and not due to abnormal hepatic function or histological status. PMID- 3168767 TI - Beer intoxication and physical aggression in males. AB - Twenty subjects participated in an experiment testing the effects of a moderate dose of beer on physical aggression. Subjects were randomly assigned to a beer drinking group or a control group. Aggression was measured in terms of number of shocks given, shock intensity, and shock duration in a modified version of the Buss' aggression machine. There were no differences among groups and there was no interaction of beer by frustration on aggression. The results are explained in terms of expectancies held by subjects as to the effects of beer intoxication on behaviour. PMID- 3168768 TI - The blood alcohol curve as a function of time and type of beverage: methodological considerations. AB - Six male subjects came to the laboratory on three different occasions and drank either spirits, wine, or beer. The spirits drink contained 1.0 ml of pure alcohol/kg body wt. and the other two drinks were 20% larger. The blood alcohol curve was monitored every 15 min. The mean peak level was roughly the same for the three types of beverages although the peak was reached later for wine and beer. For spirits and beer the curve dropped off smoothly after the peak was reached while for wine the peak level was maintained for about 60 min. Individual curves varied greatly for all three beverage types. The results are discussed in terms of methodological complications when doing experimental research in the laboratory. PMID- 3168769 TI - Racial factors influencing college students' ratings of alcohol's usefulness. AB - Efforts to understand alcohol use and abuse among young adults necessarily require attention to drinkers' motivations to drink. In the present study, dose related reasons for drinking were assessed to determine the extent to which expected effects of alcohol are correlated with race and gender among college students. A consistent association between endorsements of alcohol's usefulness (i.e., Useful for Feeling Better, Useful for Feeling in Charge, Useful for Relieving Emotional Distress) and race, gender, and volume of alcohol rated was found. In particular, black female college students (relative to white females and black males) tended to ascribe much stronger utility to higher amounts of alcohol. A similar tendency was found for white males relative to white females. There were few group differences on usefulness ratings provided for lower amounts of alcohol. These findings indicate that the perceived usefulness of alcohol in this population of college students varies considerably according to race, gender and amount of alcohol, with the effects pronounced among black females. PMID- 3168770 TI - [Transfemoral closure of the duct of Botallo. Acute and long-term results]. AB - A persistent ductus arteriosus was occluded with an Ivalon plug via a catheter delivery system, introduced through the femoral artery, in 38 patients, aged 11 72 years (mean 39). The mean diameter of the ductus was 4.5 +/- 1.2 (2-9) mm, mean pulmonary artery pressure 30/12 (15/5-70/27) mm Hg. In two patients the plug became dislocated after two and seven weeks, respectively, without serious consequences. In all others the occlusion was successful and permanent. There were only a few complications and none was serious. During a follow-up period of up to four years there were no instances of recanalization or further plug dislocation. PMID- 3168771 TI - ["Drug screening" without the patient's knowledge]. PMID- 3168772 TI - [Drug therapy of Campylobacter pylori-associated gastritis]. PMID- 3168773 TI - [Hyponatremia and drug therapy]. PMID- 3168774 TI - [Long-term course of chronic polyarthritis under basic medication]. PMID- 3168775 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging in myasthenia gravis. An alternative to mediastinal computerized tomography?]. AB - Twenty patients with myasthenia gravis underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the anterior mediastinum, 17 of them additionally computed tomography (CT). In 14 of the patients the imaging results were checked against the histological findings of a subsequent thymectomy, which revealed four thymomas and (with the exception of one normal thymus) hyperplastic changes in all the others. Overall, MRI was not better than CT for demonstrating blastomatous changes in the thymus. It was also no more sensitive in differentiating between thymoma and hyperplasia. PMID- 3168776 TI - [Acquired QT-syndrome with syncopes in hypoparathyroidism]. AB - About 20 years subsequent to a thyroid operation, syncopes occurred in a 42-year old male patient. A prolonged QT interval was seen in the ECG. Both calcium and magnesium concentrations were decreased (calcium 1.1 mmol/l, magnesium 0.6 mmol/l). There was hyperphosphataemia of 2.8 mmol/l with a parathormone level at the lower limit of normal. After substituting vitamin D and calcium the patient was discharged symptom-free. PMID- 3168778 TI - [Homeopathy--challenge or irritation to the scientific medicine?]. PMID- 3168777 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of right-heart catheterization]. PMID- 3168780 TI - [Late arrhythmias following accidental electric shock?]. AB - Long-term continuous ECG monitoring was undertaken in 31 males and 4 females, aged 17-75 years (33.1 +/- 14 years), hospitalized after accidental electric shock (25 at work, 10 at home). In all cases the voltage had been below 1000 V. ECG monitoring lasted for at least 24 hours (mean of 43.2 +/- 21 hours), in nine patients for 48 hours. In 31 patients no abnormalities were recorded, but in four the ECG registered complex arrhythmias already on the first record. But in only one of the latter was the arrhythmia clearly due to the electric shock. There were no late arrhythmias. It is concluded that long-term ECG monitoring is not required after electric shock if the initial ECG is normal. PMID- 3168779 TI - [Prognostic significance of antimitochondrial antibody profiles A-D in primary biliary cirrhosis]. AB - Sera from 550 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were tested by ELISA and the complement-fixation test (CFT) for the antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) anti-M2, anti-M4, anti-M8 and anti-M9. Four profiles were defined and correlated with morphological and biochemical criteria - A: only anti-M9 positive by ELISA; B: anti-M9 and (or) anti-M2 positive by ELISA; C: anti-M2, anti-M4 and (or) anti M8 positive by ELISA; D: anti-M2, anti-M4 and (or) anti-M8 positive by ELISA; D: anti-M2, anti-M4 and (or) anti-M8 positive by ELISA and CFT. Liver biopsies were obtained in 385 patients. Analysis of histological stage at the time of first serological testing revealed PBC stages I/II or only nonspecific lesions in all group A patients and in 90% of group B patients, while 49% of patients in group C and 59% of those in group D had stage III/IV or had histological features of chronic active hepatitis or "mixed form". Levels of alkaline phosphatase and GPT were significantly higher in groups C/D than groups A/B patients (P less than 0.05), and bilirubin and IgG levels were more frequently elevated in the former groups of patients (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that classification of PBC into AMA profiles may help in identifying patients at high or low risk of progression of the disease. PMID- 3168781 TI - [HIV testing in general practice]. PMID- 3168782 TI - [Percutaneous transfemoral foreign body removal from the heart or great vessels]. AB - Removal of foreign bodies in the heart or great vessels was attempted via percutaneous transfemoral catheter retrieval system in 32 patients, antibiotic treatment--sometimes continued over many months--having failed to eradicate any septicaemia. In 28 patients it was possible to remove the foreign body with a special basket, forceps or sling catheter retrieval system. Most of the foreign bodies were broken-off pacing electrode fragments (n = 18). The most common site was the right ventricle (n = 15). 28 patients had had recurrent high fever; in 21 of them it was possible to identify the causative microorganism. Any fever ceased abruptly after removal of the foreign body. There were no complications ascribable to the procedure. The results indicate that, after foreign-body embolization, immediate removal is both necessary and possible. PMID- 3168783 TI - [Severe thrombocytopenia, hemolysis and liver function disorder in late pregnancy. HELLP syndrome]. AB - A 27-year-old gravida 2 was hospitalized in the 37th week of pregnancy because of nausea, vomiting and upper abdominal pain. She had severe thrombocytopenia (600/microliter), haemolysis and markedly abnormal liver functions (bilirubin 7.4 mg/dl, GOT 512, GPT 650 and LDH 1772 U/l), indicating a probably immunologically induced syndrome (HELLP) of late pregnancy. After platelet infusion and antithrombin III substitution a slightly growth-retarded girl was delivered without complications by section because of threatened intrauterine asphyxia while the cervix was undilated. The maternal platelet count and the liver functions quickly returned to normal post-partum. PMID- 3168784 TI - [Physician's right to make decisions in a hospital]. PMID- 3168785 TI - [Supplemental iodine administration by iodine-containing toothpaste]. PMID- 3168786 TI - Retinoic acid coordinately proximalizes regenerate pattern and blastema differential affinity in axolotl limbs. AB - An assay that detects position-related differences in affinity of axolotl regeneration blastema cells in vivo was used to test whether retinoic acid, which proximalizes regenerate pattern, simultaneously proximalizes blastema cell affinity. The assay involved autografting or homografting late bud forelimb blastomas derived from the wrist, elbow or midupper arm levels to the dorsal surface of the blastema-stump junction of an ipsilateral, medium-bud-stage hindlimb regenerating from the midthigh level. The grafted blastemas consistently displaced to their corresponding levels on the proximodistal axis of the host regenerate, indicating the existence of level-specific differences in blastema cell affinity. Retinoic acid proximalized the pattern of donor forelimb regenerates to the level of the girdle and abolished their displacement behaviour on untreated host hindlimbs. Conversely, untreated forelimb donor blastemas displaced distally to their corresponding levels on host ankle regenerates, that had been proximalized to the level of the girdle by retinoic acid. These results indicate that positional memory in regenerating limbs is directly related to blastema cell affinity, and that very similar or identical sets of level-specific affinity properties are shared by forelimb and hindlimb cells. PMID- 3168787 TI - Graded requirement for the zygotic terminal gene, tailless, in the brain and tail region of the Drosophila embryo. AB - We have used hypomorphic and null tailless (tll) alleles to carry out a detailed analysis of the effects of the lack of tll gene activity on anterior and posterior regions of the embryo. The arrangement of tll alleles into a continuous series clarifies the relationship between the anterior and posterior functions of the tll gene and indicates that there is a graded sensitivity of anterior and posterior structures to a decrease in tll gene activity. With the deletion of both anterior and posterior pattern domains in tll null embryos, there is a poleward expansion of the remaining pattern. Using anti-horseradish peroxidase staining, we show that the formation of the embryonic brain requires tll. A phenotypic and genetic study of other pattern mutants places the tll gene within the hierarchy of maternal and zygotic genes required for the formation of the normal body pattern. Analysis of mutants doubly deficient in tll and maternal terminal genes is consistent with the idea that these genes act together in a common pathway to establish the domains at opposite ends of the embryo. We propose that tll establishes anterior and posterior subdomains (acron and tail regions, respectively) within the larger pattern regions affected by the maternal terminal genes. PMID- 3168788 TI - Diploid mouse embryos constructed at the late 2-cell stage from haploid parthenotes and androgenotes can develop to term. AB - Male and female gamete nuclei are required to ensure the full-term development of the mouse embryo. Differential expression of the two genomes has been proposed as the basis for this requirement. In order to investigate whether some interactions between the paternal and the maternal genomes are essential before or at the time of the activation of the embryonic genome, we have constructed diploid embryos from haploid parthenotes and androgenotes at the late 2-cell stage. These embryos developed to term into normal offsprings. This shows that the male and the female genomes can be activated separately and are still able to ensure complete development when put together in cytoplasm synchronized with the nuclei. These experiments also show that the egg cytoplasm does not need any male contribution before the late 2-cell stage. PMID- 3168790 TI - A critical period for formation of secondary myotubes defined by prenatal undernourishment in rats. AB - Rats fed a restricted diet during gestation and lactation gave birth to pups with about 60% the normal birthweight. Maintaining the undernutrition after birth reduced the rate of growth of the pups so that their body weights were only 40% of control at PN7. Soleus and lumbrical muscles in these animals had reduced numbers of muscle fibres, and quantitative examination of embryonic muscles revealed that this was due solely to a decreased formation of secondary myotubes; the number of primary myotubes remained normal. Undernutrition did not affect the number of motoneurones surviving normal developmental death. Restoration of normal dietary intake on E21, one day before birth, did not correct the deficit in muscle fibre numbers in soleus muscles examined when the animals reached one month of age. Development of the lumbrical muscle lags behind the soleus and unrestricted feeding from E21 onwards allowed a normal number of fibres to develop from this time on, although the initial deficit was never restored. These experiments define a critical period in muscle development during which the potential maximum number of secondary myotubes is determined. PMID- 3168789 TI - The preimplantation pig embryo: cell number and allocation to trophectoderm and inner cell mass of the blastocyst in vivo and in vitro. AB - Total cell number as well as differential cell numbers representing the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm were determined by a differential staining technique for preimplantation pig embryos recovered between 5 and 8 days after the onset of oestrus. Total cell number increased rapidly over this time span and significant effects were found between embryos of the same chronological age from different females. Inner cells could be detected in some but not all embryos of 12-16 cells. The proportion of inner cells was low in morulae but increased during differentiation of ICM and trophectoderm in early blastocysts. The proportion of ICM cells then decreased as blastocysts expanded and hatched. Some embryos were cultured in vitro and others were transferred to the oviducts of immature mice as a surrogate in vivo environment and assessed for morphology and cell number after several days. Although total cell number did not reach in vivo levels, morphological development and cell number increase was sustained better in the immature mice than in vitro. The proportion of ICM cells in blastocysts formed in vitro was in the normal range. PMID- 3168791 TI - Retinoic acid alters EGF receptor expression during palatogenesis. AB - Various growth factors are necessary for normal embryonic development and EGF receptors are present in developing palatal shelves of embryonic/fetal mice at least from day 12 of gestation. The medial epithelium of the palatal shelf undergoes a series of developmental events which do not occur in the oral and nasal epithelia. In utero and in organ culture, the control palatal medial epithelium shows a developmental decline in EGF receptors, demonstrated both by a decrease in the binding of antibody to EGF receptors and a decrease in the binding of 125I-EGF; decreases which are not observed in cells of the adjacent oral or nasal epithelium. During this period, medial cells cease DNA synthesis and undergo programmed cell death. Medial epithelial cells exposed to all-trans retinoic acid continue to express EGF receptors, bind EGF, proliferate, fail to undergo programmed cell death and exhibit a morphology typical of nasal cells. The data suggest that this disturbance by retinoic acid of EGF receptor localization and subsequent alterations in differentiation of the epithelial cells plays a role in the retinoic-acid-mediated induction of cleft palate. PMID- 3168792 TI - [Sequential pressure compression in limb edema and treatment of the leg wound]. PMID- 3168793 TI - [Pulmonary changes induced by tolfenamic acid]. PMID- 3168794 TI - [Vitamin B1 absorption in healthy subjects]. PMID- 3168796 TI - [Management of molluscum contagiosum]. PMID- 3168795 TI - [Leg ulcers, recurrent epistaxis and anemia]. PMID- 3168797 TI - [The physician yesterday, today and tomorrow]. PMID- 3168798 TI - [Conservative management of knee joint ligament injuries]. PMID- 3168799 TI - [Diagnosis of a dissecting aortic aneurysm by transesophageal echocardiography]. PMID- 3168800 TI - [Primary sclerosing cholangitis]. PMID- 3168801 TI - [The cecum of game eaters]. PMID- 3168802 TI - [Molar pregnancy in a 56-year old woman]. PMID- 3168803 TI - [Conversion signs in students]. PMID- 3168805 TI - [Subdural hematoma as a complication of anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 3168804 TI - [Computed tomography and discography in patients with spinal symptoms]. PMID- 3168806 TI - [Prognosis of adult allergic rhinitis]. PMID- 3168807 TI - [Acute osteoporosis in a breast-feeding vegetarian woman]. PMID- 3168808 TI - [Dementia paralytica]. PMID- 3168809 TI - [Post-traumatic hypopituitarism]. PMID- 3168810 TI - [Clinical cues]. PMID- 3168811 TI - [Inguinal and hip pain]. PMID- 3168812 TI - [Emphysematous pyelonephritis]. PMID- 3168813 TI - [End results in the management of typical fractures of the radius]. PMID- 3168814 TI - [Protracted vitamin D poisoning]. PMID- 3168815 TI - [Nifedipine-induced gingival hyperplasia]. PMID- 3168816 TI - [Refractory chest pain caused by sympathomimetic aerosols]. PMID- 3168818 TI - [Psychoanalytic perspectives of sexual function and its dis- turbances]. PMID- 3168817 TI - [Cor pulmonale associated with ocular changes]. PMID- 3168819 TI - [The development of sex characteristics]. PMID- 3168820 TI - [The sexual development of young people]. PMID- 3168821 TI - [Sex education under the guidance of physicians]. PMID- 3168822 TI - [Prognosis and follow-up of colon and rectal carcinoma patients after surgical intervention]. PMID- 3168823 TI - [Interstitial nephritis and uveitis coexisting in a school-aged child]. PMID- 3168824 TI - [Streptobacillus moniliformis causing refractory inflammation in a diabetic]. PMID- 3168825 TI - [Psychogenic seizures in an epileptic patient]. PMID- 3168826 TI - [Intestinal inflammation associated with sensorineural deafness and iritis--an atypical Cogan's syndrome?]. PMID- 3168827 TI - [Treatment of erythema nodosum]. PMID- 3168828 TI - [Gemfibrozil and epigastric symptoms]. PMID- 3168829 TI - [The publishing of advanced knowledge and medical science]. PMID- 3168830 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of alloimmunothrombocytopenia in the fetus]. PMID- 3168831 TI - [Congenital toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 3168832 TI - [Mediastinoscopy in the central hospital of Hame during l974-84]. PMID- 3168833 TI - [Acute aseptic meningitis induced by trimethoprim]. PMID- 3168834 TI - [The use of Corynebacterium parvum in pleurodesis]. PMID- 3168835 TI - [The differential diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias and epilepsy]. PMID- 3168836 TI - [Treatment of warts]. PMID- 3168837 TI - [Malignant angioendothelial lymphomatosis--recent histological evidence]. PMID- 3168838 TI - [Flow cytometry of cervical cell changes]. PMID- 3168840 TI - [Acute cardiogenic shock]. PMID- 3168839 TI - [Persistent colds and hyponatremia in nursing infants]. PMID- 3168841 TI - [Psychoanalysis--methods of treatment that promise no improvement]. PMID- 3168842 TI - [Psychoanalytic ideas, dogmatic openings and manipulation]. PMID- 3168843 TI - [The secret of controlled steam]. PMID- 3168844 TI - [The heat physiology of the sauna]. PMID- 3168845 TI - [The sauna and the psyche]. PMID- 3168846 TI - [Poly-dermatomyositis in middle-aged Finns]. PMID- 3168847 TI - [Psychiatric manifestations of the fear of immunological deficiency]. PMID- 3168848 TI - [Toxic shock syndrome causing adult respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 3168849 TI - [A patient with ocular Munchausen's syndrome]. PMID- 3168851 TI - Factors leading to successful evaluation and management of patients with voice disorders. PMID- 3168850 TI - [Bias and randomization in research errors]. PMID- 3168852 TI - Treatment of benign laryngeal disorders with traditional methods and techniques of voice therapy. PMID- 3168854 TI - Malaria vaccine. PMID- 3168855 TI - Cancer of the urinary bladder at Kenyatta National Hospital as seen by physicians: a retrospective study (1979-1984). PMID- 3168853 TI - Microsurgery for benign lesions of the vocal folds. PMID- 3168856 TI - Pattern of childhood mortality at Harare Central Hospital, Zimbabwe. PMID- 3168858 TI - Clustering of Burkitt's lymphoma and other high-grade malignant lymphoproliferative diseases, but not acute lymphoblastic leukaemia among socio economically deprived Nigerians. PMID- 3168857 TI - Previous abortion and outcome of subsequent pregnancy. PMID- 3168859 TI - Analysis of surgical admissions to Coast Province General Hospital, Mombasa: retrospective study (October 1985 to October 1986). PMID- 3168861 TI - Survey of significant bacteriuria in young women in a developing country. PMID- 3168860 TI - Pattern of hand tumours in Lagos. PMID- 3168863 TI - Psychiatry: free for all. PMID- 3168862 TI - The climateric syndrome in Nigeria. PMID- 3168864 TI - Psychiatric diagnoses of new admissions at Mathari Hospital: a prospective study. PMID- 3168865 TI - Doctors' perspectives on epilepsy in a developing country. PMID- 3168867 TI - Causes of blindness as seen at Muhimbili Medical Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. PMID- 3168866 TI - Determinant factors in uterine rupture following previous caesarean section. PMID- 3168868 TI - Preliminary observations on rubella infection in Tanzania and the challenge for its control. PMID- 3168869 TI - Dental plaque and gingival condition of mentally handicapped children in Mathare Special Training Centre, Nairobi, Kenya. PMID- 3168870 TI - Neonatal deaths in Calabar, Nigeria. PMID- 3168872 TI - Bedside radiographic examination: a time for analysis. PMID- 3168871 TI - Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Borno State of Nigeria. PMID- 3168873 TI - Use of Gammarus pulex (L.) in safety evaluation tests: culture and selection of a sensitive life stage. AB - A simple and effective method for the laboratory culture of Gammarus pulex is described. Over 70% of juveniles survived, reaching sexual maturity within 130 days at 13 degrees C, and animals of different ages were available for toxicity tests throughout the year. The acute toxicity of cadmium to cultured animals of several known ages and to field-collected animals of unknown age was determined. Juveniles (1 day old, 48 hr LC50 0.019 mg Cd liter-1) were found to be almost 250 times more sensitive than the oldest age group tested (220 days old, 48 hr LC50 4.7 mg Cd liter-1). In view of its ease of culture and sensitivity to pollutants, it is proposed that G. pulex should be more widely employed as a standard toxicity test species in the hazard evaluation process. PMID- 3168874 TI - Statistical analysis of anionic detergent-induced changes in the goblet mucous cells of opercular epidermis and gill epithelium of Rita rita (Ham.) (Bagridae: Pisces). AB - Rita rita exposed to 96-hr LC50 (6.9 mg/liter) of an anionic detergent, dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, show significant changes in the number and size of goblet mucous cells in the opercular epidermis as well as in the lining epithelium of the gill arch and the gill filament at different time intervals of treatment. A shift in the staining nature of these cells from acidic glycoprotein to neutral glycoprotein, acidic glycosaminoglycans in the opercular epidermis and acidic glycoprotein to neutral glycoprotein and then again to acidic glycoprotein + acidic glycosaminoglycans in the gill filament epithelium reflects a change in the physiological status of fish. PMID- 3168875 TI - Acclimatization of roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), to toxic components of kraft pulp mill effluents. AB - Roach (Rutilus rutilus) were exposed, along with their appropriate controls, to a simulated bleached kraft mill effluent (KME-Sa + CP) first for 38 days at a concentration of 0.035 X LC50 and then for 14 days at 0.07 X LC50. During the experiment, their tolerances to KME-Sa + CP were tested five times by measuring the 48-hr LC50 values. In addition, the growth of roach was monitored. At the end of the exposure, accumulation of [14C]pentachlorophenol in various parts of the fish (total PCP in water 15.6 micrograms/liter) was measured. When the fish were preexposed to KME-Sa + CP, the acute tolerance of this mixture in roach increased by 30-39%, but the response was abolished in 31 days. Fish growth remained unchanged during the experiment. Measurement of PCP accumulation revealed no difference in the absorption rate, but under steady-state conditions the degree of bioconcentration was 16% lower (P less than 0.02) in preexposed roach than in their unexposed controls. This difference was entirely accounted for in the head and visceral parts of the fish. Even when no final changes were noted in tolerance and growth rate of the fish, the authors suggest that the significantly lowered body burden implied acclimatizatory compensation under subchronic exposure of this xenobiotic. PMID- 3168877 TI - Testing of the abiotic degradation of chemicals in the atmosphere: the smog chamber approach. AB - Methods for measuring the hydroxyl-, ozone-, and direct photochemical reactivity of a substance in one specially designed medium size smog chamber are described. Rate coefficients for the reaction of OH with n-hexane, n-heptane, ethene, ethyne, chloroform, trichloroethene, methanol, 2-propanol, benzene, o-xylene, 1,4 dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, p-chloroaniline, naphthalene, acenaphthene, 1,4-dichloronaphthalene, biphenyl, and fluorenone are given and discussed. An upper limit of 5 X 10(-13) cm3/sec is given for the sum penta- and hexa-chlorobiphenyls (PCB). Rate coefficients for the ozone reaction are given for beta-pinene, limonene, delta 3-carene, cineol, vinyl chloride and 1,3 butadiene. In cases where the literature data are available for comparison, the rate coefficients (kappa OH and kappa O3) reported here compare favorably with the best data reported. The direct photochemical reactivity has been shown to be measurable if the chamber is cleaned carefully. Preliminary results on benzophenone are reported. The methods described here, except that of direct photochemical reactivity, are in agreement with those proposed to OECD. Moreover, part of the Draft OECD Test Guideline (Berlin, 1987) on "Photochemical-Oxidative Degradation in the Atmosphere" is based on work described here and on closely related work in other laboratories (Becker et al., 1984). PMID- 3168876 TI - Toxicity and bioaccumulation of chlorophenols in earthworms, in relation to bioavailability in soil. AB - The acute toxicity of five chlorophenols for two earthworm species was determined in two sandy soils differing in organic matter content and the results were compared with adsorption data. Adsorption increased with increasing organic matter content of the soils, but for tetra- and pentachlorophenol was also influenced by soil pH. Earthworm toxicity was significantly higher in the soil with a low level of organic matter. This difference disappeared when LC50 values were recalculated to concentrations in soil solution using adsorption data. Eisenia fetida andrei showed LC50 values lower than those of Lumbricus rubellus although bioaccumulation was generally higher in the latter species. Toxicity and bioaccumulation based on soil solution concentrations increased with increasing lipophilicity of the chlorophenols. The present results indicate that the toxicity and bioaccumulation and therefore the bioavailability of chlorophenols in soil to earthworms are dependent on the concentration in soil solution and can be predicted on the basis of adsorption data. Both the toxicity of and bioaccumulation data on chlorophenols in earthworms demonstrated surprisingly good agreement with those on chlorophenols in fish. PMID- 3168878 TI - Influence of glucose amendment on the toxicity of two nitrophenols to Chlorella vulgaris. AB - Glucose amendment (0.5%) to the culture medium of Chlorella vulgaris reversed the algal toxicity caused by p-nitrophenol (PNP) and m-nitrophenol (MNP), only at their algistatic levels. Algistatic and algicidal concentrations of PNP and MNP, in the absence of glucose, led to the liberation of more nitrite in the culture medium. However, addition of glucose inhibited nitrite formation. PMID- 3168879 TI - Evaluation of various molecular parameters as predictors of bioconcentration in fish. AB - A reliable set of data on the bioconcentration factors (KB) of a diverse range of compounds in fish was selected from the literature. Using the structures of these compounds, the following molecular parameters were calculated: molecular weight (MW), solvent accessible molecular surface area (SASA), solvent accessible molecular volume (SAV), molar refraction (MR), largest principal moment of inertia (LPMI) and several molecular connectivity indices of the Randic type (1 chi, 2 chi, 3 chi, 1 chi vr, 3 chi c). The relationships between these parameters and log KB were evaluated for all compounds and the following subgroups: chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHC), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and CHC and PAH combined. These relationships indicated that SASA, SAV, and MR were good predictors of log KB for the CHC and PAH combined or alone and the other parameters were less satisfactory with these groups. In addition with the CHC, the log of these parameters displayed an improved correlation with log KB due to apparent nonlinearity in the log to linear relationship. Thus, with these groups of compounds, calculated values of SASA, SAV, and MR provide a satisfactory means of estimating log KB without measured data. PMID- 3168881 TI - [Reaction to death: a comparison of the change of attitude in 2 different cultures over a 20-year period]. PMID- 3168880 TI - Effect of decontamination project at Minamata Bay, Japan. Dramatic decrease of mercury dispersed into Yatsushiro Sea. PMID- 3168882 TI - [Training and participation of nurses' aides in the development of health services: report of a task force]. PMID- 3168884 TI - [Is it necessary to promote leadership in nursing for the advancement of teaching inservice programs?]. AB - The author provides some material for reflection on the issue of developing leadership in the health sector; in this case, in the specific area of nursing. Within this context, her proposition is that leadership is a process which comprises different levels of development, having an individual and collective dimension as well as conceptual, methodological and operational aspects. She proposes the adoption of policies which would point to the need of encouraging nurses to play an effective role in the processes that lead to the making of important decisions in the sector; she advocates that nurses participate in drawing up national health plans and in the management of community health services. It is pointed out that "the power of nursing as a profession lies in its practice"; this entails the need for basic changes, both in services and in the area of education, if the leadership position that has emerged in several countries during the last decade is to be strengthened. Lastly, the article suggests that in order to strengthen nurses' potential leadership and managerial skills, they should begin to receive leadership training at the undergraduate level, thus awakening in the students the greatest possible interest in the scientific method and in the epidemiological method for the analysis of health and related problems. PMID- 3168883 TI - [A method of education at a distance for nurses' aides in the community area of Guatemala]. AB - The authors describe in detail a self-tutorial system that has been used for some ten years in Guatemala to train auxiliary nursing personnel. This model addressed both training and service objectives, and it proved to be consistent with a health policy of integrating teaching and service which the country was implementing at the time. The system involved a national effort to develop self tutorial units and materials on basic subjects such as nursing procedures, mother and child health, first aid, management, guided therapy, community development and health education. Materials were divided into three categories: for self tutorial instruction, for recording, supervision and evaluation, and for coordination and feedback within the system. Lastly, greater detail is given on the functions and tasks performed at the different levels of staff involved in managing the system, and the mechanisms which were implemented in the country's health areas are described. PMID- 3168885 TI - [Training of auxiliary nursing personnel in the health services: Brazil]. AB - In this article the authors present an overview of training of the labor force in health in Brazil. The analysis focuses on nursing services, as there is a need to train professionals to work in the area of nursing. To date, nursing has been exercised to a large extent by lay personnel, who do not have specific training, to the detriment of the population seeking medical services. The article highlights a project (Projeto Larga Escala) aimed at turning mid- and elementary level personnel into professionals through on-the-job training. Such training integrates education and evaluation into the workers' day-to-day activities. This type of education also benefits nurses with high-level training, who become educators. In preparing for that new role, they undergo a process similar to a refresher course, renewing their technical skills. PMID- 3168886 TI - [Nursing care and the integration of teaching and inservice training between the pediatric services and the School of Nursing and Obstetrics, Valparaiso, Chile]. AB - This article describes a nine-year experience of integration of teaching assistance between the pediatric services of "Carlos Van Buren Hospital" in Valparaiso, Chile, and the faculty of pediatric nursing of the School of Nursing and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Valparaiso. Achievements since the beginning of the experience are outlined, as well as the different phases of execution. The article concludes with an analysis of the factors that have facilitated the process. PMID- 3168887 TI - [Teaching-inservice integration in primary care. Experience of the Facultad de Enfermeria de la Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Mexico]. AB - This paper presents the reasons which justify the need to integrate teaching in service and health care delivery in nursing, and the mechanisms to achieve efficiency in health programs. In 1976 the Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon), as an educational and training center and as a means for scientific and humanistic endeavor to foster the development of the community it serves, began a joint experimental project with the health sector, by means of the Guadalupe Health Program and the Nursing Development Program, with the participation of the Schools of Medicine, Nursing and Dentistry. Special importance is attached to the objectives and organization of these nursing programs, the teaching in-service methodology, and the functions and responsibilities of teachers, students and support staff. The achievements of eleven years of work are reported. PMID- 3168888 TI - [Research on the work force in nursing in 6 countries]. PMID- 3168889 TI - [Mexico: comparative evaluation of 2 study plans for the career of surgeon. Academic effectiveness]. AB - The authors discuss an experiment conducted at the Zaragoza National School of Professional Studies of the Autonomous National University of Mexico (ENEP Zaragoza). This experiment, already reported in a previous issue of this quarterly, consisted of the simultaneous application of two different curricula for studies leading to a medical degree in surgery. In this second article, the authors discuss the process used in evaluating the current curricula, which were assessed from three standpoints: theory and concept; academic effectiveness, and a follow-up on graduates. They describe the methodology used and analyse the findings. Their conclusion is that with the modular curriculum, the students obtained a greater command of their professional functions at an earlier stage, than with the curriculum organized by subject matter. These observations are corroborated by the fact that there are academic differences between students taught according to different educational models and curricula. On the basis of these and other significant facts, the authors state that the modular plan of studies is better suited to the country's health needs, since it trains medical students to deal with the health problems of higher-risk groups (maternal and child care). PMID- 3168891 TI - [Liberal medicine and the labor market in health care. What is liberal medicine?]. AB - This article analyses the practice of what is termed "liberal medicine"--which has paralleled developments in how society is organized--and examines its historical and social determinants. The evolution of the term "liberal" over the centuries, to its present meaning of "practicing the profession as a self employed physician," is discussed. The author continues the analysis by describing the liberal practice of medicine in the context of the terms of trade in the market for health services and professionals, which lead them to become small-businessmen in their profession. Liberal medicine develops when the unrestricted supply and demand for goods and services reaches the point where production and consumption are determined by systematic trade in a free market, without the restrictions and ties of an outdated social order. But legitimacy and controls related to the rules and regulations of the State, and of professional organizations do exist. This field of study will be examined further in future publications by the author, and by others interested in the problems of the labor force in the health sector. PMID- 3168890 TI - [Mexico: evaluation of medical training based on the results of a national test given to candidates for medical residencies]. AB - This study assesses the current status of medical education in Mexico by evaluating the IX National Medical Residency Examination. The results indicate that the personal background of the candidates is related to the probability of their passing the examination: age; marital status; number of times they have presented the examination; length of time between graduation from medical school and the examination; place where social service was performed; and work experience. The authors observe a strong tendency toward specialization in the professional curricula of the medical schools in Mexico, with a consequent neglect of the national health system's present need for primary care. They therefore suggest that the educational institutions give thought to alternatives that would better equip the country's human resources to deal with current needs. PMID- 3168892 TI - [Brazil: the physician-patient relation and its social determinants]. AB - The paper presents an analysis of the two principal sociological paradigms in the study of physician-patient relationship. The first paradigm has a very old tradition in medical sociology--the systemic-functional--and the second--the structural paradigm--is of a more recent development. The review starts with Henderson's work from 1935; after that it analyzes Parson's contribution from 1951 and Freidson's ideas from 1961. In the second part, the authors point out Arouca's, Boltanski's, Waitzkin's and Silva's contributions. The article concludes with an analysis of the limitations of the first paradigm, and the possibilities of the structural paradigm. PMID- 3168893 TI - [Venezuela: alternative focusing of teaching and service in the national health system]. AB - The author relates an experiment conducted at the University of Zulia in Venezuela, to restructure the curriculum. The process is centered on the training and performance of dentists, within the National Health System and a local health system in Maracaibo. The reasons that prompted the restructuring are reviewed, and an alternative approach to current teaching methods is proposed, in which programs are defined on the basis of the most important epidemiological developments in the country. The operational model is based on the strategy of teaching-service integration in the National Health System. PMID- 3168894 TI - [The context of dental education]. AB - The author suggests a series of points for reflection and discussion about dental education, beginning with an analysis of the educational process: "why," "for what purpose" (goals), "how" (strategies), and "what" (content). He also explores various aspects of the target population, the sequence, location in time and space, and problems related to financing and resources. He proposes some ideas about the orientation and structure of the curriculum, for discussion by the university and dental care communities. PMID- 3168895 TI - [Development of leadership and nursing education]. PMID- 3168897 TI - [Workshop on training in occupational health in the medical field]. PMID- 3168896 TI - [Aids for formulating a training policy for nursing personnel, without specific qualification, employed in the public health sector, Brazil]. PMID- 3168899 TI - [Adenomyoma of the gallbladder]. AB - Benign tumors of the gallbladder are rare. Under them often is found the adenomyoma. About 13 of such cases is reported. They are not true neoplasias and will be called as tumorlike lesions. Clinical and aetiological problems are discussed. PMID- 3168898 TI - [Lipoprotein metabolism in patients with disordered thyroid gland function before and following therapy]. AB - Clinical manifest hypothyreosis leads to changes of plasma lipoproteins, which are characterized by elevated LDL levels, an increase of the relation LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, an elevation of the quotient cholesterol/triglycerides within the VLDL and an increase of the relation HDL2/HDL3. Both these changes and the diminished activities of post-heparin lipase of hepatic and extrahepatic origin are reversible after substitution therapy. On the contrary, patients with hyperthyreosis M. Basedow show low lipoprotein levels, high activities of post-heparin lipase and an elevation of the relation of the apolipoproteins apo C II/apo C III within the VLDL fraction. PMID- 3168900 TI - Prognostic significance of antithrombin III, plasminogen and proactivator of plasminogen activity in viral hepatitis. AB - Antithrombin III/AT III/, plasminogen (Plg) and proactivator of plasminogen [PPlg] activity were studied in 663 patients with various liver diseases and 547 healthy subjects. Parallel analysis of AT III, Plg and PPlg gives a very valuable prognostic information concerning the forthcoming evolution of viral hepatitis [v.h] and acute liver failure. The prognosis of v.h. in the cases with normal Plg activity is independent from the AT III activity in 98% of the cases it is associated with clinical improvement. The combination with low Plg and elevated AT III activity suggested clinical improvement in 65-90% of the patients. Most critical is the combination between low Plg and low AT III activity. This combination suggests clinical aggravation and danger of hepatic coma. The existence of 4 patterns of AT III activity is shown: elevated, normal in physiological condition, normal in pathological condition and decreased activity. PMID- 3168901 TI - [Morphologic changes in the small intestine following experimental resection of 75% of the midsection of the small intestine and surgical procedures delaying intestinal passive]. AB - The present study was performed in male Wistar rats. They underwent a 75% removal of the middle part of the small intestine and various procedures to delay the passage time in order to manage short bowel syndrome. Comparisons were made between the following groups: animals with subtotal resection of the small intestine and counterpositioning of a segment of the small intestine, myotomy, isoperistaltic segment, and animals with removal of the small intestine without delayed passage time, and a group of healthy non-operated controls. One year after surgery the following examinations were carried out: gross measurement of length and width of the intestine, eye microscopy, calculations of the intestinal surface, and morphometric investigations in histologic specimens of the intestinal mucosa. The most extensive increase of the residual lumen was observed in animals with antiperistaltic segment interposition. The inhibition of the passage due to the antiperistaltic segment has remained effective during the entire test period despite extreme loading and despite the morphological changes described in the article. PMID- 3168902 TI - [In vitro organ cultures of human embryonic and fetal thymus]. PMID- 3168903 TI - [Selectivity of the antitumor action of 2 alkylating compounds with different carrier structures]. PMID- 3168904 TI - [The central effects of 2 groups of newly synthesized barbiturates]. PMID- 3168905 TI - [Effect of the combined use of metronidazole and alcohol on fetal development in rats]. PMID- 3168906 TI - [Quantitative determination of trimethoprim in the blood serum]. PMID- 3168907 TI - [Ultrastructural and aggregation studies of the thrombocytes during cytopheresis]. PMID- 3168908 TI - [Inactivation of human ceruloplasmin by laser radiation]. PMID- 3168909 TI - [Kidney concentrating function in renal denervation and pharmacological effects]. PMID- 3168910 TI - [Pharmacological and toxicological study of protexyl--a new hepatoprotective preparation]. PMID- 3168912 TI - Miller Fisher syndrome: an electrophysiologic case study. PMID- 3168913 TI - Electrophysiologic study of the Riche-Cannieu anomaly. PMID- 3168911 TI - H reflex, F response and quantitative stretch reflex measurements in the lower extremity before and after intravenous infusion of local anaesthetics. PMID- 3168914 TI - Medial antebrachial cutaneous neuropathy: case report. PMID- 3168915 TI - Cortical and spinal somatosensory evoked potentials in patients suffering from lumbosacral disc prolapse. PMID- 3168917 TI - Left-right ratio of the tonic vibration reflex at full occlusion in the human masseter muscles. PMID- 3168916 TI - A non-invasive electrophysiological indicator of organic impotence in diabetic men. PMID- 3168918 TI - Electrophysiological pattern of development of fatigue during isometric contraction in sportsmen. PMID- 3168919 TI - Regulation of rat pancreatic glucocorticoid receptors by thyroxine during development. AB - The effect of T4 on the development of pancreatic glucocorticoid receptors was studied in normal and adrenalectomized rat pups. Daily injection of T4 (0.1 microgram/g BW) to intact pups starting 3 days before death at 10, 15, and 20 days of age resulted in a precocious increase in pancreatic glucocorticoid binding capacities. Intact pups made hypothyroid by propylthiouracil feeding exhibited lower glucocorticoid-binding capacities in their pancreata. Scatchard analysis demonstrated an increase in the number of glucocorticoid-binding sites in the pancreata of T4-treated intact rats compared to that in normal intact rats. In hypothyroid groups the number of glucocorticoid-binding sites was much lower than that in normal intact rats. The Kd values, however, were unchanged in hypothyroid, hyperthyroid, and control groups. Rat pups who underwent adrenalectomy at 12 days of age had undetectable plasma corticosterone levels and showed an increase in their pancreatic glucocorticoid-binding capacity 3 days after operation. Replacement of corticosterone resulted in a binding level similar to that in the sham-operated group. However, injection of T4 alone to adrenalectomized pups led to a further increase in pancreatic glucocorticoid binding capacity above that due to adrenalectomy alone. When both T4 and corticosterone were given together to adrenalectomized pups their pancreatic glucocorticoid-binding capacities increased to levels above those in the adrenalectomized group, but lower than those in pups receiving T4 alone. Our results suggest that T4 modulates the development of rat pancreatic glucocorticoid receptors and, at least in part, acts via pathways independent of adrenal function. PMID- 3168920 TI - Release of oxytocin and vasopressin by intracerebroventricular vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. AB - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)ergic nerves innervate both the neurohypophysis and the hypothalamus. To test the hypothesis that VIP is a releasing factor for neurohypophyseal hormones, rats were given intracerebroventricular (icv) infusions of VIP in doses varying from 0.3 pmol/kg.min to 3 nmol/kg.min for 5 min (0.001-10 micrograms/rat). Serial blood samples were drawn from the vena cava for measurement of oxytocin (OT), vasopressin (AVP), and VIP by RIA. After the VIP infusions mean plasma OT and AVP levels rose in a dose-dependent manner; the rise was significant for both hormones at the dose of 300 pmol/kg.min. Peak levels after infusion of 3 nmol/kg.min were greater for OT than AVP [96.1 +/- 14.7 vs. 33.9 +/- 9 microU/ml (mean +/- SE); n = 6]. In addition, the concentration of plasma OT increased more promptly than that of AVP. Plasma OT was significantly raised over control values at 5 min, whereas plasma AVP was not increased until 15 min after the VIP infusion began. The concentration of VIP in peripheral plasma rose somewhat after icv infusions (maximum, 300 pmol/liter 30 min after 10 micrograms/rat), but the rise was only 5% of that observed after systemic infusions of equimolar doses of VIP (maximum, 6000 pmol/liter 5 min after 10 micrograms/rat). Peak plasma OT levels after administration of 3 nmol/kg.min VIP were significantly higher after icv than after systemic infusion of the same dose of VIP reported previously. Intravenous injection of 0.5 ml VIP antiserum with a binding capacity of VIP of 2.3 micrograms/ml before the icv administration of VIP (1 microgram/rat) did not prevent the VIP-induced rise in plasma OT and AVP. These observations suggest a central site of action for VIP in OT and AVP release, probably in the hypothalamus. The results are in harmony with the hypothesis that endogenous VIP is a physiological regulator of OT and AVP release in rats. PMID- 3168921 TI - Triiodothyronine rapidly reverses inhibition of S14 gene transcription by glucagon. AB - The rapid response of hepatic mRNA-S14 to T3 has made this sequence an important model for studying the mechanism of hormonal induction of gene expression. In previous studies we showed, in the intact rat, that glucagon administration during the peak of the mRNA S14 diurnal rhythm causes a monoexponential fall in the level of mRNA-S14, and that T3 reverses this effect. We have now defined more precisely the mechanism governing this interaction. Measurement of in vitro nuclear transcriptional rates shows that T3 can reverse the glucagon-induced reduction of mRNA-S14 transcription. Reversal can be demonstrated within 5 min after the iv injection of T3. Further, the reversal appears to be related to the occupation of specific nuclear receptors, as inferred from the calculated nuclear occupancy and the effects of various iodothyronine analogs of T3. These results suggest that the effects of T3 are mediated by varying rates of production of the nuclear precursor and not by its stabilization, as previously proposed. Ancillary evidence supporting this conclusion came from the demonstration that the apparent t1/2 of the 4.5-kilobase precursor was not prolonged by T3. PMID- 3168922 TI - Intraluteal infusion of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, sodium meclofenamate, causes premature luteolysis in rhesus monkeys. AB - The physiological significance of locally produced prostaglandins (PGs) in the regulation of the functional lifespan of the primate corpus luteum is unknown. In the current study, the PG synthesis inhibitor sodium meclofenamate was administered to adult female rhesus monkeys beginning in the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Meclofenamate was infused continuously for 7 days into the corpus luteum (100 micrograms/h, n = 6) or the jugular vein (100 micrograms/h, n = 3; 1000 micrograms/h, n = 3) via osmotic minipump. As controls, PBS was infused into the corpus luteum (n = 7) or jugular vein (n = 5). In some of the monkeys receiving intraluteal infusions, chronic aortic and utero-ovarian venous catheters were implanted, and blood samples were collected on alternate days for the measurement of PGE and PGF2 alpha by RIA. Saphenous venous blood was collected daily, and progesterone and cortisol levels were determined by RIA. LH levels were determined by the mouse Leydig cell bioassay. Progesterone levels over 5 days preceding treatment were not different among groups. A decline in progesterone levels on day 1 after surgery was observed in all treatment groups and was accompanied by a 1-day elevation in cortisol levels. Thereafter, five of seven monkeys who received intraluteal infusions of PBS displayed normal progesterone patterns during treatment and normal luteal phase lengths of 15.4 +/ 1.2 days (mean +/- SEM). In six monkeys that received intraluteal infusions of meclofenamate, progesterone levels typically fell to less than 1 ng/ml within 72 h after initiation of infusion; progesterone levels during 7 days of intraluteal infusion were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in meclofenamate- vs. PBS treated monkeys. Meclofenamate infusion into the corpus luteum significantly shortened (P less than 0.01) the luteal phase to 10.5 +/- 1.0 days. In contrast, progesterone levels during 7 days of meclofenamate infusion into the jugular vein did not differ from those in PBS-treated monkeys, and the length of the luteal phase was unaltered. LH levels, measured daily, did not differ among groups either before or during treatment. Although an venous/arterial gradient in PGE was detected at the time of surgery, we were unable to detect a significant gradient across the ovary in PGE or PGF2 alpha at any time after surgery in monkeys treated with either PBS or meclofenamate. The present data suggest an obligatory luteotropic role for locally produced metabolites of arachidonic acid, but a physiological role for either PGE or PGF2 alpha in regulating the primate corpus luteum remains equivocal. PMID- 3168923 TI - Serotonergic mediation of a negative feedback effect of estrogen on luteinizing hormone release in ovariectomized rats. AB - Effects of the serotonin receptor antagonists ketanserin, metergoline, and methysergide on LH release were tested in ovariectomized (OVX) rats pretreated with estradiol benzoate (EB) (5 micrograms/100 g BW) on each of the 2 days preceding the experiment. LH concentration measured by RIA in plasma samples obtained at 10 min intervals was analyzed using the PULSAR computer program to identify and characterize pulses observed in the LH profile of each rat individually. Multiple pulses were identified in seven of seven OVX rats but in only two of eight OVX rats primed with EB. Multiple pulses were identified in OVX EB-primed rats pretreated with ketanserin (six of seven), metergoline (three of seven), and methysergide (six of eight). Administration of the serotonin (5HT) agonist quipazine (2 mg/kg iv) to OVX rats inhibited pulsatile LH release and depressed mean plasma concentrations for approximately 45 min. This inhibitory response was antagonized by pretreatment of the OVX animals with ketanserin. These results suggest that 1) quipazine inhibits pulsatile LH release in OVX rats by a serotonin2 receptor mechanism; and 2) the inhibitory effect of estrogen on pulsatile LH release may also be mediated, at least in part, via 5HT2 systems. PMID- 3168924 TI - Characterization of an antiserum to the rat luteal luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor. AB - The LH/CG receptor was purified from detergent extracts of rat luteal tissue using hCG affinity and wheat germ agglutinin chromatography. Analysis of the purified material by silver staining of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels (with or without reducing agents) revealed a prominent broad band corresponding to a 93K protein and several minor contaminants. That the 93K band represents the LH/CG receptor is supported by the following. 1) This band is absent in material purified from rat luteal tissue in which the LH/CG receptor had been down-regulated. 2) [125I]iodohCG binding to Western blots of both the initial detergent extract and the purified material resulted in binding to a 93K protein. The 93K protein representing the LH/CG receptor was excised after sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis of the purified material and was electroeluted. Half of the electroeluted receptor was incubated with reducing agents. After mixing with nonreduced receptor, this mixture was used to immunize one rabbit. Immune, but not preimmune, serum (or immunoglobulin G purified thereof) recognized a 93K protein on Western blots of partially purified (approximately 10% pure) rat luteal receptor. No other bands were seen. Using this approach it was determined that the antiserum recognized reduced, nonreduced, denatured, and native forms of the receptor. A polyclonal antibody to the LH/CG receptor will be useful for studies on the structure and regulation of this receptor. PMID- 3168925 TI - Fetal expression of the angiotensinogen gene. AB - To determine whether the angiotensinogen (Ao) gene is expressed in multiple organs of the fetal rat and the changes associated with maturation, fetal (15-20 days of gestation), newborn (1-10 days old), and adult (90 days old) rat tissues were subjected to Northern analysis and hybridization with a full length Ao complementary DNA (cDNA). Whereas Ao messenger RNA (mRNA) was undetectable in fetal livers, Ao sequences were readily detectable 1 h after birth and reached a peak at 24 h of birth. Levels remained elevated at 5 and 10 days after birth to decrease slightly at 90 days of postnatal life. Poly A+ enriched liver RNA was subjected to a similar analysis demonstrating that fetal liver Ao mRNA levels were 50-fold less than the corresponding adult levels. In contrast to the finding in the fetal liver, Ao mRNA was found in fetal brown fat, brains, and kidneys. We conclude that 1) Expression of the Ao gene is developmentally regulated in a tissue-specific manner; 2) Unlike the adult animal, the liver may not be the primary source of Ao in the fetus; 3) Alternate sources of Ao synthesis include fetal brown fat, brain, and kidneys. PMID- 3168926 TI - Characterization of triiodothyronine transport and accumulation in rat erythrocytes. AB - The transport of L-T3 was studied in washed rat erythrocytes. L-T3 uptake was temperature sensitive: the initial velocity of uptake at low substrate concentration was 40 times higher at 37 C than at 0C whereas, at equilibrium, the ratio of cell-associated to extracellular L-T3 was about 7 times lower at 37 C than at 0 C. When [125I]L-T3-loaded erythrocytes were diluted into a serum albumin-containing medium, the efflux of L-T3 proceeded at a rate similar to that of influx. A large excess of unlabeled L-T3 in the medium blocked influx and efflux of labeled L-T3, indicating a saturable carrier-mediated transport process across the plasma membrane. the transport obeyed simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics with an apparent Km of 53 nM and a Vmax of 4.3 pmol/min.10(8) cells at 0 C. The Km increased only slightly with temperature whereas the Vmax was 100 times higher at 37 than at 0 C. The Arrhenius activation energy of uptake was 21 Cal/mol. The nonsaturable adsorption of L-T3 to the cells did not exceed 1% of the equilibrium levels at 0 C and 10% at 37 C. Uptake of L-T3 was very specific: unlabeled L-T4, D-T3, triiodothyroacetic acid, rT3, and DL-thyronine inhibited uptake with inhibition constant (Ki) values which were 35, 60, 65, 110, and 250 times, respectively, greater than the Km of L-T3. [125I]L-T4 uptake was negligible. L-T3 uptake and L-T4 inhibition of L-T3 uptake were pH dependent. It is suggested that only the unionized 4'-OH forms of the hormones were recognized by the transport system. At equilibrium, L-T3 was accumulated within the cell (apparent intracellular concentration approximately 50 times higher than that in the medium at 37 C). However, uptake was not dependent on the transmembrane Na+ gradient, suggesting facilitated rather than active transport. Analysis of L-T3 binding to erythrocyte cytosolic proteins suggested that they were implicated in the intracellular trapping of L-T3. At a concentration of 5 x 10(9) erythrocytes/ml (approximately the blood concentration), the amount of L-T3 accumulated in the cells was 13.5 times higher than the extracellular amount. We conclude that L-T3 is solely transported by a saturable, stereospecific, and Na+-independent carrier system. The intracellular accumulation and the rapid transmembrane movements of L T3 suggest that erythrocytes might play a role in the interorgan transport of L T3. PMID- 3168927 TI - The distribution of progesterone receptor in the 20-day-old fetal mouse: an autoradiographic study with [125I]progestin. AB - The distribution of progestin target sites in 20-day-old fetuses of estrogen primed pregnant mice was investigated by thaw-mount autoradiography. Pregnant mice received a Silastic estradiol implant on day 17 and were ovariectomized on day 19 of pregnancy. Twenty-four hours after ovariectomy 10 prematurely delivered fetuses were each injected with 0.33 microgram/100 g BW [125I]progestin (SA, 2200 Ci/mM). To show specificity of progestin localization two additional fetuses were each injected sc with 20 micrograms R5020, a synthetic progestin, 1 h before the injection of [125I]progestin. The fetuses were frozen 2 h after injection of [125I]progestin, sectioned, and processed for thaw-mount autoradiography. Cells with nuclear uptake and retention of radioactivity were observed in numerous tissues, including certain regions of the oral mucosa and developing teeth, esophagus, larynx, skin, mammary gland, skeletal muscle, kidney, and reproductive glands and ducts. Injection of unlabeled R5020 1 h before [125I]progestin prevented nuclear concentration of radioactivity in all target tissues. The results indicate that progesterone receptors are expressed with a regional, cellular, and subcellular distribution in term fetal mouse tissues and suggest that progesterone is important to the growth and development of certain fetal tissues. PMID- 3168928 TI - Immunological evidence that the adrenal gland is a source of an endogenous digitalis-like factor. AB - A study has been performed to investigate the tissue of origin of an endogenous plasma factor which has been previously shown to bind to an antidigoxin antibody raised in this laboratory. Adult male rats were used to provide tissue, which was homogenized ultrasonically and extracted on C18 minicolumns. The extracts were then assayed in a RIA for digoxin, and the ability of tissue extracts to displace radioiodinated digoxin from its antibody was determined. Consistent displacement was produced by extracts of whole adrenal gland, but not by whole brain and brain regions, anterior or posterior pituitary gland, skeletal muscle, aorta, testis, kidney, spleen, atrium, or ventricle. In some samples, extracts of liver also produced displacement of digoxin tracer. Further experiments were performed to determine whether bilateral adrenalectomy was able to influence plasma levels of the endogenous digitalis-like factor. Forty-eight hours after adrenalectomy, plasma levels of the factor were significantly reduced in whole plasma and ether extracts of plasma and were insignificantly lower in C18 extracts of plasma. These findings suggest that the endogenous factor we have studied previously in plasma may be derived from the adrenal gland. PMID- 3168929 TI - Monoclonal antibodies specific for rat relaxin. I. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies that neutralize rat relaxin's bioactivity in vivo. AB - The physiological role of relaxin during pregnancy and at parturition in the rat is not absolutely established. There are limitations to the experimental approach used in the few studies that examined the influence of relaxin in the pregnant rat. These studies were unphysiological, since they involved administration of porcine relaxin as well as progesterone and estrogen to ovariectomized pregnant rats. A more physiological approach is to use antibodies to neutralize the biological actions of endogenous relaxin in the intact pregnant rat. The purpose of the present study was to produce and characterize monoclonal antibodies suitable for this approach. Six stable and rapidly growing hybridoma clones which produced monoclonal antibodies specific for rat relaxin (MCA-rR) were obtained after the fusion of NSO mouse myeloma cells with lymphocytes from the spleen of a BALB/c mouse immunized with rat relaxin. Five MCA-rR (MCA1-5; all immunoglobulin G1 kappa) inhibited the ability of exogenously administered rat relaxin to increase the interpubic ligament length in estrogen-primed mice. Of the five MCA rR that neutralized rat relaxin's bioactivity in vivo, MCA1 exhibited the highest relative affinity for rat relaxin. MCA1 was also highly specific for rat relaxin. MCA1 demonstrated no cross-reactivity with rat insulin, rat insulin-like growth factor I and II, or porcine relaxin-proteins that are structurally related to rat relaxin. In view of its high affinity and high specificity for rat relaxin as well as its ability to neutralize rat relaxin's bioactivity in vivo, MCA1 was selected for use in subsequent studies aimed at the neutralization of endogenous relaxin in intact pregnant rats. PMID- 3168930 TI - Monoclonal antibodies specific for rat relaxin. II. Passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies throughout the second half of pregnancy disrupts birth in intact rats. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to use an approach targeted specifically on endogenous relaxin to determine the influence of relaxin on birth in the rat. To that end, a monoclonal antibody specific for rat relaxin, designated MCA1, was used to passively neutralize endogenous relaxin in intact pregnant rats. MCA1 was administered iv to intact rats daily from days 12-22 of pregnancy. Animals were observed for birth continuously from 2100 h on day 22 until 1200 h on day 24. MCA1-treated rats exhibited significantly prolonged durations of straining and litter delivery as well as reduced incidence of live pups compared with controls. Whereas approximately 20-25% of fetuses and placentae were retained in utero at 1200 h on day 24 in MCA1-treated rats, neither fetuses nor placentae were retained in control rats. Passive immunization with MCA1 throughout the second half of pregnancy had no apparent influence on normal ovarian function. The time of occurrence of the antepartum decline in serum progesterone levels (functional luteolysis) as well as the time interval between the attainment of basal progesterone levels and the onset of litter delivery in MCA1-treated and control rats that delivered on day 23 were in close agreement with previous reports. In conclusion, the prolonged durations of straining and litter delivery, reduced incidence of live pups, and increased incidence of retained fetuses and placentae after passive immunization with MCA1 establish the physiological need for endogenous relaxin to attain normal delivery of the young in the rat. PMID- 3168931 TI - Monoclonal antibodies specific for rat relaxin. III. Passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies throughout the second half of pregnancy reduces cervical growth and extensibility in intact rats. AB - Relaxin is required for normal delivery in the rat. The mechanism(s) whereby relaxin contributes to rapid and safe delivery of the fetuses, however, has not been established. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if relaxin enables normal delivery by promoting the growth and modifying the tensile properties of the uterine cervix. To that end, a monoclonal antibody specific for rat relaxin, designated MCA1, was used to passively neutralize endogenous relaxin in intact pregnant rats. MCA1 or PBS vehicle was administered iv to rats daily from days 12-22 of pregnancy. Cervices were removed at 1200 h on day 22. Cervices obtained from MCA1-treated rats were much smaller and far less extensible than cervices obtained from control rats. Moreover, cervices from MCA1-treated rats were less able to accommodate stress created by extension than cervices from control rats. Passive neutralization of relaxin had no influence on 1) the weights of other reproductive tissues (uterus, placenta, and ovary), 2) the number of fetuses, and 3) the viability of fetuses. The present study indicates that in the rat endogenous relaxin is required for promoting cervical growth and softening during the second half of pregnancy. This work supports the hypothesis that the influence of endogenous relaxin on birth is attributable, at least in part, to its effects on the cervix. PMID- 3168932 TI - Comparative aspects of the distribution, metabolism, and excretion of six iodothyronines in the rat. AB - We have studied the kinetics of 3 iodothyronines, 3,3'-diiodothyronine (T2), 3',5'-T2, and 3'-monoiodothyronine (T1), in groups of young adult male rats maintained under normal steady state physiological conditions. We have also performed a comparative analysis of these results, combined with corresponding kinetic indices of T4, T3, and rT3, to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of normal thyroid hormone production, distribution, and metabolism. Tracer doses of 125I-labeled 3,3'-T2, 3',5'-T2, and 3'-T1 were separately injected iv, and blood samples were collected 6-12 times for each iodothyronine in optimized sequential kinetic studies designed to maximize the precision of kinetic parameters. Labeled iodothyronines were separated quantitatively from their metabolites in each plasma sample by Sephadex G-25 column chromatography. Conventional kinetic analysis of the resulting data generated distribution volume, clearance, turnover, and mean residence time indices for each iodothyronine, and concomitant compartmental analysis of the same data provided additional results useful for integration and comparative analysis of the 6 iodothyronines. Kinetic parameters for all but T4 and T3 were similar, suggesting that similar mechanisms are responsible for the transport, metabolism, and distribution of nonhormonal iodothyronines. All but T4 and T3 (and, to a much lesser extent, 3'-T1) were almost completely and irreversibly metabolized, whereas 24-30% of the hormones (and 6% of 3'-T1) were excreted as such in feces only. Three-pool models fitted individual plasma kinetic data sets best in all cases (for all 6 iodothyronines), each with a plasma, a slowly exchanging (slow), and a rapidly exchanging (fast) pool, and kinetic parameters of interest were quantified for each iodothyronine (Ti). Quantitative analysis of an integrated 18 pool model for all 6 Tis revealed several other features of physiological interest. The fractional transport rate of T3 into the fast pool (liver, at least) is about an order of magnitude larger than that for all other Tis, supporting the hypothesis that transport of T3 into fast tissues (e.g. liver cells) is selectively amplified relative to that of the 5 other iodothyronines studied. Simultaneous and direct comparison of the 6 plasma kinetic data sets also supports this result. In addition, composite slow tissue pools, which probably exclude liver and kidney, contained the largest whole body fractions of all Tis (greater than 50%), and these also appear to be major sites of whole body T4 monodeiodinations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3168933 TI - Rat enterohepatic circulation and intestinal distribution of enterally infused thyroid hormones. AB - The enterohepatic circulation (recycling), intestinal (gut) distribution, metabolism, and excretion of enterally infused thyroid hormones were studied in the intact rat under approximately normal physiological steady state conditions. Rats with 7-day osmotic minipumps implanted ip received constant intraduodenal infusions to steady state of very small trace doses of either 125I-labeled T3 (T3*) or T4 (T4*). Enterohepatic and other pathways remained open to normal function, and in particular, there was no biliary diversion or ligation. Complete feces and urine were collected daily, to assess daily distributions of radioactivity and establishment of the steady state, which occurred by day 3. On day 7, rats were anesthetized, blood was sampled, whole intestine and minipumps were removed, and the gut was separated into six segments. Fecal samples and the contents of each gut section were homogenized, ethanol extracted, evaporated, and reconstituted in NaOH for quantitative aqueous chromatography along with infusate, urine, and plasma samples, on Sephadex G-25 columns. No T3* or T4* was found in urine, but feces contained 39% of the T3* infused and 36% of the T4* infused in steady state. Statistically significant amounts of both T3* and T4* in systemic plasma on day 7 clearly indicated absorption of the hormones from the intestine, distinctly demonstrating an enterohepatic circulation of T3 and T4 under experimental conditions closely approximating the physiological steady state. This also establishes the intestine (with its contents) as an exchangeable hormone pool, physiologically internal to the system regulating thyroid hormones and their distribution. Gut contents contained 52 times more T3* and 4.34 times more T4* than corresponding plasma pools in steady state. Kinetic analysis of the data indicated that somewhat more than half of the T3* or T4* infused was absorbed from gut to liver (primary absorption), and up to 34% of the T3* infused and 43% of the T4* infused reached the systemic circulation (secondary absorption/bioavailability). Gut contents longitudinal distribution data 1) confirm existing evidence that thyroid hormone conjugates, formed elsewhere, exist in gut contents and are hydrolyzed there; 2) demonstrate that deconjugation becomes quantitatively significant, and thus may be initiated, at the level of the cecum; and 3) strongly suggest that absorption of unconjugated hormone occurs from at least the small intestine, all under normal physiological conditions. PMID- 3168934 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of gastrotropin from canine ileum: further studies of the parietal and chief cell response. AB - Gastrotropin (GT), a protein previously isolated from porcine ileal mucosa, with a molecular mass of 14,054 daltons, was extracted from canine ileum and purified to homogeneity. The canine and porcine peptides had similar relative molecular mass, charge, hydrophobicity, and amino acid compositions. Direct Edman degradation yielded no free amino acids, indicating a blocked NH2-terminus, and a partial sequence determination of the CNBr fragments demonstrated a high degree of homology with porcine GT. Previous studies have indicated that GT is a potent enterooxyntin, and to further characterize these observations we have investigated the actions of both porcine and canine GT on isolated enriched preparations of guinea pig and dog parietal and chief cells. The results of these studies demonstrate that GT is present in more than one species and that the cellular response to porcine and canine GT is identical. The efficacies of canine and porcine GT preparations in stimulating pepsinogen secretion and [14C]aminopyrine uptake were identical and equal to those of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8) and pentagastrin. GT was 100-fold more potent than either of these two major secretagogues. Maximal [14C]aminopyrine accumulation was observed with 10(-8) M GT, with an ED50 of 2 x 10(-9) M compared to pentagastrin, which caused maximal accumulation at 10(-6) M and had an ED50 of 5 x 10(-8) M. Maximal pepsinogen secretion was observed with 10(-7) M GT, with an ED50 of 10(-10) M, compared to 10(-6) M for CCK8, with an ED50 of 10(-8) M. The maximal chief cell response to GT was unaffected by the addition of CCK8 or carbachol, but responded additively with forskolin, indicating that GT uses the same transduction mechanism as CCK8 and carbachol and does not involve the activation of adenylate cyclase. The ED50 values observed with both parietal and chief cells in these studies were close to the basal circulating levels of GT (3.5 x 10(-9) M) in adult pigs. These results clearly demonstrate that GT is a potent component of the enterooxyntin factor identified in studies of the role of the small bowel in the regulation of gastric secretion. PMID- 3168935 TI - Sympathoadrenomedullary inhibition by chronic glucocorticoid treatment in conscious rats. AB - The effects of chronic glucocorticoid treatment on sympathoadrenomedullary function were assessed in conscious unrestrained Wistar-Kyoto rats. Cortisol (25 mg/kg.day), administered for 7 days using a sc reservoir pump, suppressed activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, as indicated by markedly decreased levels of corticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone and decreased adrenal weight. Cortisol also decreased body weight and increased blood pressure to hypertensive levels without affecting plasma sodium or potassium. Basal levels of plasma epinephrine were markedly decreased, indicating suppression of adrenomedullary secretion. Plasma norepinephrine levels also were decreased, but to a smaller extent than epinephrine, and levels of dihydroxyphenylglycol, an intraneuronal metabolite of norepinephrine, were unaffected. Plasma catecholamine responses to nitroprusside-induced hypotension were not altered by cortisol. The results suggest that chronic cortisol treatment suppresses basal hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical and basal adrenomedullary activity in conscious unrestrained rats without impairing reflexive activation of the sympathoadrenomedullary system. PMID- 3168936 TI - Ulceration after esophageal and gastric variceal sclerotherapy--influence of sucralfate and other factors on healing. AB - Forty-five consecutive patients underwent sclerotherapy with absolute alcohol. Post-sclerotherapy ulcers were detected in all of them (100%) on the following day. In order to evaluate its influence on ulcer healing, 20 patients were given sucralfate (1 g QID before meals), while 25 patients received identical-looking placebo, in a double-blind randomised manner. Endoscopy done at weekly intervals revealed healing of ulcers in 25%, 55%, 95% and 100% in the sucralfate, and 24%, 40%, 72% and 84% in the placebo group at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks, respectively. Differences between the two groups were not significant. Gastric variceal ulcers healed better with sucralfate (7 out of 7) than placebo (0 out of 2). Healing was influenced by the size of the ulcer. At two weeks, 63% of ulcers less than 1 cm, 43% of ulcers 1-2 cm, and only 16.6% of ulcers greater than 2 cm had healed. The size of the ulcer also correlated with the amount of the sclerosant injected. Our results show that (a) mucosal ulcers universally develop after adequate sclerotherapy, (b) most ulcers heal spontaneously, (c) sucralfate does not hasten ulcer healing, with the exception of gastric variceal ulcers, (d) a larger amount of sclerosant produces larger ulcers that take longer to heal. PMID- 3168937 TI - Iopamidol as contrast medium in endoscopic retrograde pancreatography: a prospective randomised comparison with diatrizoate. AB - In a prospective double-blind comparison of contrast media for retrograde pancreatography, 85 consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) were randomised to receive either the non-ionic medium, iopamidol (Niopam) or the ionic medium, meglumine diatrizoate (Urografin). The quality of pancreatograms obtained was assessed "blindly" using a specially devised scoring system, and patients were observed for clinical and biochemical evidence of acute pancreatitis following ERCP. Pancreatogram scores were similar in the "Niopam" and "Urografin" groups. No patients developed clinical evidence of acute pancreatitis. Eighteen hours after ERCP median increments in serum amylase and lipase in the "Niopam" group were significantly lower and hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia significantly less frequent than in the "Urografin" group. Niopam may be a safer contrast medium than Urografin for retrograde pancreatography, particularly in patients in whom the risk of acute pancreatitis is high. However, in view of its relatively high cost, further direct clinical evidence of reduced toxicity is required before Niopam can be recommended for routine use at ERCP. PMID- 3168938 TI - Mechanical lithotripsy of bile duct stones in 209 patients--effect of technical advances. AB - Between 1982 and 1987, mechanical lithotripsy of common bile duct (CBD) stones was performed in 209 patients (mean age +/- SD: 72 +/- 10 years), using self constructed lithotripters and baskets with breaking strengths of approximately 50 and 100 kg between 1982 and 1986, and stronger and bigger baskets with breaking strengths of approximately 125 kg since 1987. Patients with single (49.3%) and multiple stones (50.7%) were distributed about equally. Stone size ranged between 4 and 80 mm (mean longitudinal diameter 18 +/- 9 mm, mean transversal diameter 13 +/- 3 mm), with a majority of the patients (61.2%) having stones of between 10 and 19 mm, and about one-third (32.1%) of the patients with stones greater than or equal to 20 (20-80) mm. The overall success rate of mechanical lithotripsy in all 209 patients treated between 1982 and 1987 was 87.6% including 79.1% for CBD stones greater than or equal to 20 mm and 67.6% for stones greater than or equal to 25 mm. The introduction of baskets with breaking strengths of approximately 125 kg in 1987 considerably increased the success rate of mechanical lithotripsy, especially for "large and giant" CBD stones, to 92.3% (greater than or equal to 20 mm) and 85.7% (greater than or equal to 25 mm), respectively. PMID- 3168939 TI - Endoscopic lesions in Crohn's disease early after ileocecal resection. AB - Fifty patients with Crohn's disease were studied endoscopically 6 weeks to 6 months (median 9 weeks) after ileocecal or ileocolonic resection for evidence of non-resected abnormality. Only 8 of the 50 patients were endoscopically free of abnormalities. Microscopic examination of the surgical specimen revealed inflammatory pathology at the site of resection line in 30 patients. Of the latter, 27 had endoscopic lesions at the anastomosis or in the "neoterminal" ileum. Of the 42 patients with endoscopic lesions only 8 had minor biochemical abnormalities. This study suggests that the well known reappearance of inflammatory activity after resection, especially at and proximal to the anastomosis, develops from foci of remaining inflammation and should be considered as recrudescence of the disease rather than true recurrence. PMID- 3168940 TI - Three-dimensional determination of gastric ulcer size with laser endoscopy. AB - We have developed a new endoscopic system for measuring the three-dimensional structure of the gastric ulcer. The system consists of an argon ion laser generator, a side-viewing endoscope with diffraction grating made of glass fibers, and a graphic processing unit. Via a fiber grating fitted in the tip of the endoscope, about 1600 light spots produced by the diffracted laser beam were projected on to the gastric mucosa. By graphic processing involving the detection of the deviation of the laser spot array on the gastric lesion, the diameter, area, and height or depth of the lesion could be determined. To evaluate the accuracy of the system, the diameter and area of a rubber disc were determined in vitro and in the stomach. A cubic model 10 mm in height was used to evaluate the accuracy of the system in measuring height. Accuracy proved to be satisfactory for clinical use. The course of healing of 6 gastric ulcers treated by histamine receptor antagonist was followed with the system. A linear decrease in diameter and depth of the ulcer was observed. PMID- 3168941 TI - Common variable immunodeficiency syndrome and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in the small intestine. AB - We report on a case of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) of the small intestine in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) syndrome. The CVID syndrome comprises a group of heterogeneous immunological disorders. It is characterised by hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent sinopulmonary infections, gastrointestinal disorders (including diarrhea, infestation with Giardia lamblia, chronic-atrophic gastritis and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH), and an increased risk of malignancy. NLH is frequently associated with gastrointestinal lymphomas. It has also been found in the terminal ileum of children and in adult patients with Gardner's syndrome. NLH is found in about 20% of patients with the CVID syndrome. The diagnosis of NLH requires endoscopic and bioptic-histological examinations and the determination of the immunoglobulins. PMID- 3168943 TI - A new automatic system for the application of contrast medium during ERCP. PMID- 3168942 TI - Endoscopic dilation of the cystic duct. AB - In a case of gallbladder and common bile duct lithiasis, the selective cannulation of the cystic duct and gallbladder by a balloon catheter after endoscopic papillosphincterotomy fulfilled both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A choledochal stone was retrieved with the Dormia basket. The endoscopic dilation of the cystic duct by the balloon permitted spontaneous elimination of all the gallbladder stones. PMID- 3168944 TI - Balloon extraction in 12 minutes--a new method of removing gastric balloons. PMID- 3168945 TI - Endoscopic correction of organo-axial volvulus. PMID- 3168946 TI - Frontiers of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy No. 4. Disorders of the major duodenal papilla and sphincter of Oddi. PMID- 3168947 TI - Biliary dyskinesia. AB - Delivery of bile into the duodenum involves a series of complex interrelationships between hepatic secretion of bile and pressure differentials generated within the gallbladder, cystic duct and sphincter of Oddi. Theoretically, functional disorders of bile flow may arise from a disturbance of any one of the above factors. A brief review of our present knowledge of the physiology of bile flow and the spectrum of functional biliary tract disorders will be outlined to help explain possible factors which may be involved in biliary tract dysmotility disturbances. The sphincter of Oddi (SO) mechanism is dedicated to maintaining a low pressure system within the hepatic ducts which allows hepatic secretion to proceed irrespective of bile flow rate. Partial obstruction at the SO segment can give rise to intermittent or persistent upper abdominal pain. We classify sphincter of Oddi (SO) motor dysfunction into two broad categories: 1. SO stenosis: defined as a structural narrowing of part or all of the SO segment, and 2) SO dyskinesia: defined as a primary disorder of SO tonic/phasic motor activity. We have attempted to deal with an overlap in etiology of SO motor dysfunction by developing patient group classifications. Biliary I-patients with biliary-type pain, abnormal liver function tests (SGOT; al PO4 greater than 2 x normal) documented on 2 or more occasions, delayed drainage of ERCP contrast greater than 45 min, and dilated CBD greater than 12 mm diameter; Biliary II-patients with biliary-type pain but only 1 or 2 of the above criteria; Biliary III-patients with only biliary-type pain and no other abnormalities. A few of these patients may have primary SO dyskinesia. PMID- 3168948 TI - Motility of Oddi's sphincter in Parkinson's disease, progressive systemic sclerosis, and achalasia. PMID- 3168949 TI - Balloon dilation of the sphincter of Oddi. AB - No controlled studies document either clinical or biochemical efficacy following balloon dilation of the sphincter of Oddi. Because of this and the unacceptable rates of pancreatitis and cholangitis associated with sphincter dilation when compared with the other available modalities of sphincterotomy, stent placement and surgery, this technology currently has little place when dealing with a spastic or stenotic sphincter mechanism. PMID- 3168950 TI - Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater: the endoscopic approach. AB - Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater is a rare tumor. Early and accurate diagnosis of carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater will lead to early treatment and subsequent better prognosis. Endoscopy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) has been shown to be one of the best diagnostic modalities. Furthermore an endoscopic biliary drainage procedure can be performed immediately following the diagnostic procedure. The tumors may be seen as large, fleshy, friable exophytic growths, as ulcerated tumors into the duodenal wall or as a mass behind the orifice of the papilla, covered with normal duodenal mucosa. Forceps biopsies do not always suffice to show malignancy. Large snare biopsies often are necessary. Occasionally the final diagnosis of malignancy can only be made by examination of the surgical resection specimen. Tumors arising inside the ampulla form a bulge, covered by normal duodenal mucosa. An impacted stone may mimic this picture. Endoscopic papillotomy is then mandatory to make the final diagnosis. Histologic examination of forceps biopsies reveals malignancy in only 60% of cases. When snare biopsy is used, the diagnostic yield increases to 83%. The optimal treatment of carcinomas of the ampulla of Vater is surgical resection. Preoperative biliary drainage should theoretically be of benefit to the patient. The results of preoperative percutaneous drainage studies are, however, conflicting. Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater is not resectable in 25-50% of the patients because of metastatic disease, deep extension of the tumor or general contraindications for major surgery. Endoscopic papillotomy or stent placement as a definitive treatment modality should be reserved for poor surgical candidates and for those patients with limited life expectancy due to metastatic disease. PMID- 3168951 TI - Laser treatment of tumors of the papilla of Vater. AB - Tumors of the papilla of Vater, should be separated from periampullary tumors. They are not always malignant, and recent data from endoscopy series, and pathology studies, supports the adenoma-carcinoma sequence at this level. Adenomas are tubular or villous and are classified according to the degree of dysplasia. The endoscopic pattern separates exophytic tumors, sessile and easily detected, from intracanalar tumors usually detected after sphincterotomy. The malignancy of an exophytic tumor is suspected when it is ulcerated or large (over 3 cm), and is easily confirmed by biopsies. The typing of intracanalar tumors is more difficult. In a 5-year period, an ampullary tumor was detected by ERCP in 52 patients: the tumor was exophytic in 33 and intracanalar in 19. Adenocarcinoma was confirmed in 26 and adenoma in 26, resulting in a 50% ratio. Among the adenomas, 18 were fully benign and 8 had a superficial cancer focus. Therapeutic procedures included: laser photodestruction in 16, snare resection in 16, sphincterotomy in 47, stenting in 8, surgical bypass in 7, cephalic duodenopancreatectomy in 16. The 16 patients treated by laser (Nd:YAG mainly) included 8 adenomas: a complete tumor destruction was obtained in 7 (follow up from 14 to 53 months). Adenomatous recurrence was observed at 2 years in one patient. In 8 other patients the tumor was an adenocarcinoma; Laser photodestruction failed to completely destroy the tumor in 1 patient (operative control), in 7 others it was adopted as a complement to sphincteromy and stenting in palliation, but was not found very effective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3168952 TI - Long-term follow-up after endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST). AB - Long-term results after endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) revealed disappearance or improvement of symptoms in 92.0%. The symptoms remained unchanged in 6.2% and deteriorated in only 1.8%. X-ray follow-up studies showed concrement-free bile ducts in 85.2%, recurrent stones in 11.3%, and a stenosis of EST in 3.5%. Satisfactory long-term results depend on the indication for EST. The results of EST for choledocholithiasis are much better than for papillary stenosis (symptom free or improved = 91.7%: 83.7%, unchanged = 6.4%: 14.3%, deteriorated = 1.9%: 2.0%). An EST-related stenosis was more than five times more frequent (16.8%: 2.9%) in papillary stenosis than choledocholithiasis. A gallbladder in situ does not seem to be an additional risk factor after EST. Subsequent cholecystectomy was performed in only 16.2% (routinely and elective), and in only 2.0% as an emergency procedure. In approximately 50% of the cases aerobilia and reflux, and in about 100% bacteriocholia, are observed after EST. When the free outflow of bile is ensured, it is not probable that late secondary diseases will develop. PMID- 3168953 TI - Harderian gland N-acetyltransferase activity in the male Syrian hamster: effects of gonadectomy, short photoperiod exposure, or subcutaneous melatonin implants. AB - The activities of NAT and HIOMT and the melatonin concentration in the Harderian glands of intact, gonadectomized, and gonadally-regressed male Syrian hamsters were studied. To produce gonadal regression, hamsters were exposed to either artificial or naturally short photoperiods. NAT activity of castrated and gonadally-regressed hamsters was always less in comparison to that of animals with intact gonads. Castrated hamsters exposed to long days showed higher NAT activity than that of castrated animals exposed to short photoperiods indicating that light may have some influence on Harderian NAT independent of the gonadal status. Also, gonadally-regressed hamsters exposed to long photoperiods exhibited higher NAT activity in comparison to gonadally-regressed animals exposed to short days. The HIOMT activity and melatonin content of Harderian glands in all these groups of male Syrian hamster were very low. PMID- 3168954 TI - Effects of a brain-enhanced chemical delivery system for estradiol on body weight and serum hormones in middle-aged male rats. AB - We have developed a redox-chemical delivery system for brain-enhanced drug delivery of estradiol based on an interconvertible dihydropyridine in equilibrium pyridinium salt carrier. Estradiol, when combined with the carrier, readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and upon oxidation of the carrier is "locked" in the brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the estradiol chemical delivery system (E2-CDS) on body weight change and associated alterations in the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones in middle-aged, male rats. The data revealed that rats receiving E2-CDS exhibited a significant weight loss by 2 days which continued to day 14, the last observation day. A significant weight difference was observed between E2-CDS and DMSO-treated animals. Serum estradiol levels of rats treated with E2-CDS were elevated 100-fold by day 1 and decreased thereafter and serum prolactin concentrations were doubled by 24 hours and continued to increase to the completion of the experiment. Testosterone levels were markedly suppressed by 24 hours while serum levels of LH, TSH, T3, T4 and GH were not significantly altered. These data indicate that the E2-CDS causes a long-term reduction in body weight and testosterone secretion and that these changes are not mediated by alterations in the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones. PMID- 3168955 TI - Thyroid hormone structure-activity relationships: molecular structure of 3,5,3' triiodothyropropionic acid. AB - The crystal and molecular structures of 3,5,3'-triiodothyropropionic acid (T3P), determined as an N-diethanolamine salt, were carried out and the results are compared with those of other thyroid hormone structures. These data show that T3P has an unusual conformation with the diphenyl ether bridge outside the range normally observed for other thyroactive acid structures and has the largest deviations from the ideal skewed conformation predicted for 3,5-diiodothyroactive compounds. These conformational properties are not observed in the structures of thyroformic or acetic acid analogues. Biochemical data indicate that thyropropionic acid analogue activity differs from that other acid analogues which could imply that their metabolism and activity can be controlled differently from that of other hormone metabolites. PMID- 3168956 TI - Concurrent LH and forskolin action on adenylate cyclase activation and progesterone synthesis in corpora lutea from pregnant ewes. AB - The present communication documents LH- and forskolin-induced activation of adenylate cyclase (AC) system and progesterone synthesis in corpora lutea from pregnant ewes. The activation of AC in plasma membranes by LH or forskolin was amplified by Gpp(NH)p. These results suggest that regulatory nucleotide component (Ns) of the AC complex is required for forskolin. Simultaneous addition of maximal concentrations of forskolin (10(-4) M), Gpp(NH)p (10(-4) M) and LH (10( 7) M) led to greater than additive (i.e. synergistic) responses: the experimental value was 4.71 +/- 0.19 nmoles cAMP/mg of membrane protein, whereas the theoretical additive effect was 3.17 +/- 0.10 nmoles/mg of membrane protein (p less than 0.001). These data reveal that more Ns or C component is being activated in these cells when combined treatments with these agents are applied. In intact cells maximum stimulatory concentrations of forskolin or LH caused similar increase in progesterone production with similar time courses. In striking contrast, the exposure of the luteal cells to LH and forskolin simultaneously led to a decrease in progesterone synthesis as early as 1h30 (40%, p less than 0.001). Thus, the synergism observed between LH and forskolin on the stimulation of plasma membranes AC activity did not occur in steroidogenesis. The AC responses in crude plasma membranes form these cells to different stimulants were enhanced (i.e. 15%, p less than 0.2 for Gpp(NH)p, 33%, p less than 0.01 for LH plus Gpp(NH)p and 52%, p less than 0.01 for forskolin). These findings suggest that an early desensitization of the AC system cannot explain the impaired steroidogenic response observed. PMID- 3168957 TI - Selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy for temporal lobe epilepsy. AB - Greater precision in the identification of seizure-initiating structures and preferential pathways of seizure spread has enabled us to classify complex partial seizures into subtypes. The mediobasal limbic subtype is the most important of these. Because of the paramount importance of amygdala and hippocampus in the majority of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, we initiated so-called "selective" amygdalo-hippocampectomy (AHE) as an alternative to conventional temporal lobectomy for the treatment of medically intractable mediobasal temporal lobe epilepsy. To date, 181 patients have been operated on using this microsurgical approach. Fifty-two of them had no detectable morphological lesion preoperatively. These were studied either by stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) (n = 42) or using foramen-ovale (FO) electrodes (n = 10). Mean follow-up for this group was 47 (6-143) months. Sixty two percent are seizure-free, 10% have only rare seizures, and worthwhile improvement occurred in another 15%. There was no improvement in 13%. Antiepileptic drugs have been discontinued in 21%; the remainder receive one or more drugs. Good postoperative seizure outcome related to the initial seizure onset locus being exclusively within the resected structures. "Palliative" AHE is nevertheless an option in those cases in whom the primary focus lies in or close to indispensable neocortex (e.g., speech area) and in whom a secondary pacemaker role of the amygdala-hippocampus complex has been demonstrated. Further factors influencing outcome include the presence of structural abnormality (especially of hippocampal sclerosis), age at seizure onset, preoperative duration of seizures, and postoperative EEG findings. In patients with a good seizure outcome, learning and memory performance increased, especially for material specific for the nonoperated hemisphere. We conclude that temporal lobe epilepsy with mediobasal limbic seizures is preferably treated surgically by selective amygdalo hippocampectomy rather than "standard" temporal lobectomy. PMID- 3168958 TI - Legal implications of epilepsy. AB - Physicians who care for patients with epilepsy may function as agents or targets of social control. As agents, they may assist in the identification and control of epileptic drivers, may provide information that enables fair and appropriate job placements for epileptic persons, and give testimony that helps the legal system resolve issues relating to the liability of epileptic persons for harm attributed to seizures or interictal behavioral disturbances. As targets, they may be charged with negligent failure to diagnose, treat, or inform about epilepsy or its associated problems, with failure to exercise due care in protecting persons harmed by their patients, or with failure to preserve confidentiality of medical information. Although legislation and judicial decisions have defined some of the physician's legal duties with reasonable clarity, areas of uncertainty remain, particularly regarding the issue of violating medical confidentiality for the benefit of persons other than the patient. PMID- 3168959 TI - Localization of cortical function: new information from extraoperative monitoring of patients with epilepsy. AB - Intraoperative cortical stimulation for evaluation of cortical function has been used extensively to define the extent of cortical excisions for surgical treatment of epilepsy. With chronic implantation of subdural electrodes, extraoperative cortical stimulation becomes possible, and these favorable testing conditions permit more precise mapping of the cortex. This assists the surgeon in planning details of the surgical removal and also provides additional data about the function of the human cortex. Four aspects in which detailed extraoperative studies have provided information complementing the pioneer studies of Foerster, Penfield, and others will be discussed here: (1) Frontal eye field: In the human, this is always an integral part of the motor strip (most probably located in Brodman's area 4 and/or 6) and elicits only conjugate eye movements to the contralateral side with a variable upward component. (2) Negative motor area: Stimulation of the inferior frontal gyrus immediately in front of the face area and of the supplementary motor area of the dominant and nondominant hemisphere produces "inhibition" of voluntary fine movements. (3) The movement related potentials (bereitschaftpotential, negative slope, and motor potential) are strictly localized to the portion of the sensorimotor strip where the movement is represented. Lower amplitude bereitschaftpotentials can also be detected in the homotopic ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex and in the supplementary motor cortex. (4) Three language areas can be distinguished by electrical stimulation: Broca's, Wernicke's, and the basal temporal language area. Electrical stimulation in all these areas produces a similar deficit, but Broca's area tends to overlap with the inferior frontal negative motor area. This may explain the predominant motor deficit of Broca's aphasia. PMID- 3168960 TI - Alcohol, seizures, and epilepsy. AB - Seizures, epilepsy, and alcohol are complexly interrelated. Although it is commonly perceived that patients with epilepsy experience problems with seizure control if they use alcohol, this is not confirmed by the few experimental studies that have tested the hypothesis. The last 30 years have emphasized the role of withdrawal from alcohol as a mechanism of seizure production. However, this is but one of many potential mechanisms by which seizures and epilepsy may be related to alcohol use and abuse. The rare but clear situations in which alcohol can act as a convulsant drug need further study, and mechanisms by which the long-term neurotoxic effects of alcohol lead to chronic epilepsy also need further elucidation. PMID- 3168961 TI - Compliance during treatment of epilepsy. AB - Noncompliance is a major factor in suboptimal control of epileptic seizures. As many as one-third to one-half of persons with epilepsy may be noncompliant. Noncompliance negates the usefulness of the advances made in the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy and is perhaps the single most important factor in increasing the costs of care for people with epilepsy. Although the issue of noncompliance is very complex, realization that it is a multidimensional problem and varies from patient to patient should help individualize its evaluation and approach. Noncompliance can be described by three dimensions: behavior, extent, and intentionality. The simplest methods for determining noncompliance are measurements of the antiepileptic drug concentration and patient interview. Calculation of a coefficient of variation for serial anticonvulsant drug levels may be more descriptive, however. Education and devices to simplify dosing are the primary strategies for improving compliance. PMID- 3168962 TI - Corpus callosum section and other disconnection procedures for medically intractable epilepsy. AB - Corpus callosum section for carefully selected patients with uncontrolled epilepsy has become more acceptable as operative complications have decreased. From consideration of anatomical pathways utilized in the spread of seizure discharges, section of the corpus callosum is expected to decrease, but not abolish, bilaterally synchronous EEG abnormalities arising from most cerebral locations, perhaps excluding the temporal lobe. Clinical experience confirms this expectation. Persistence of some bilateral synchrony, presumably through subcortical relays, does not usually diminish the effectiveness of corpus callosum section on clinically generalized seizures that are eliminated or markedly decreased in 85% of patients after total corpus callosum section. Generalized seizure types that respond include tonic, atonic, tonic-clonic, and absence seizures. Patients who continue to have generalized seizures usually have low IQ and perhaps extensive bilateral cerebral involvement increases the extent to which subcortical structures participate in generalization. Complex partial seizures may cease, usually in patients with well-circumscribed, often extratemporal seizure foci. Focal seizures intensify in 25% of patients; a predictable consequence of sectioning interhemispheric inhibitory connections. Permanent disconnection syndromes, which are only rarely symptomatic, include sensory disconnection after posterior section, and split-brain syndrome after total section. A small percentage of patients develop impairments in language, motor, or memory functions. Language and motor deficits are predicted by pre existing unilateral mild or moderate central nervous system damage. Partial section of the corpus callosum produces control of generalized seizures half as frequently as complete section. Neurologic sequelae of partial section occur nearly as frequently but are less severe. PMID- 3168963 TI - A synergism of plagues: "planned shrinkage," contagious housing destruction, and AIDS in the Bronx. AB - Techniques adapted from population and community ecology, quantitative geography, and epidemiology are applied to ecosystem and environmental index data on the Bronx in an attempt to understand the origins and potential impacts of rampant spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its sequelae of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in that borough: Recent work by Drucker and Vermund (1987), ("Estimating Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Urban Areas with High Rates of Intravenous Drug Abuse: A Model of the Bronx in 1987," Poster presented at the Third International Conference on AIDS, June 2, 1987) estimates HIV seroprevalence levels of from 8 to 21% among men of age 25-44 in the south Bronx, at this writing, comparable to the cities of Central Africa. It is found that the "South Bronx" process of fulminating, contagious urban decay which devastated the region in the 1970s, and its associated forced population migrations, spread intravenous drug abuse, the principal HIV vector in the Bronx, from a geographically contained center in the South-Central Bronx to a virtually borough-wide phenomenon. This has significantly complicated attempts to contain HIV infection, both by shredding the social networks which are the natural vehicles for education, and by vastly enlarging the area requiring intensive targeting. Since the "planned shrinkage" municipal service cuts which triggered the "South Bronx" burnout persist, and since levels of housing overcrowding now approach those of the early 1970s in the Bronx, it is expected that a new outbreak of contagious urban decay will occur, likely again dispersing population and seriously compromising any in-place HIV control strategies. If overt AIDS itself becomes a contributor to urban deterioration in overcrowded neighborhoods susceptible to "South Bronx" process, we could then see a nonlinear ecosystem coupling between AIDS, contagious urban decay, and population shift. Elementary mathematical models are provided. Thus, in striking contrast to the middle-class male homosexual community, successful control of HIV infection in the Bronx, and by inference in other devastated ghetto communities, seems predicated on quick reestablishment of demographic stability: The tools to make the tools for control must first be reconstructed. Necessary elements of any program toward this end are briefly outlined. AIDS in the Bronx and similar areas, like tuberculosis, seems increasingly a marker disease of extreme poverty, and again like tuberculosis, seems increasingly a marker disease of extreme poverty, and again like tuberculosis, may well form an important reservoir for further spread or resurg PMID- 3168964 TI - Does suggestibility modify acute reactions to passive cigarette smoke exposure? AB - The influence of suggestibility on responses to passive cigarette smoke exposure was tested in a group of 24 healthy adult nonasthmatic nonsmokers and 16 asthmatic nonsmokers. Sixty-five-min exposures to air and to moderate (17 ppm carbon monoxide) and heavy (31 ppm carbon monoxide) concentrations of machine produced cigarette smoke were carried out according to a design that permitted all six permutations of the three treatments to be equally represented. Nonasthmatic subjects exercised intermittently at an intensity inducing a respiratory ventilation of 43.6 liters/min, while asthmatic individuals were at rest, in a 14.6-m3 chamber; all viewed a bank of burning cigarettes during each exposure. Significant dose-response relationships were observed for reported symptoms, deterioration of pulmonary function, increase in nasal airflow resistance, and increase of carboxyhemoglobin levels. These findings could reflect either a pure physiological response, or an interaction between physiological and psychological responses. For asthmatics, correlations between pulmonary function responses and baseline measures of suggestibility showed 5/45 (11%) significant correlations (P less than 0.05) for both the ratio of saline diluent/air FEV1 during methacholine inhalation challenge and an index derived from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), while no significant correlations were shown with the James "locus of control" test. Nonasthmatics showed 4/45 (9%) significant correlations for both the James test and the MMPI index, and 1/45 (2%) for the ratio of saline diluent/air FEV1. It is concluded that while suggestibility may augment physiological responses to passive smoking, any effect is relatively weak. PMID- 3168965 TI - Distribution and retention of organic and inorganic mercury in methyl mercury treated neonatal rats. AB - Seven-day-old Long Evans rats received one mumol of 203Hg-labeled methyl mercury/kg sc and whole body retention and tissue distribution of organic and inorganic mercury were examined for 32 days postdosing. Neonates cleared mercury slowly until 10 days postdosing when the clearance rate abruptly increased. During the interval when whole body clearance of mercury was extremely slow, methyl mercury was metabolized to inorganic mercury. Peak concentration of mercury in kidney occurred at 2 days postdosing. At 32 days postdosing, 8% of mercury in kidney was in an organic from. Liver mercury concentration peaked at 2 days postdosing and organic mercury accounted for 38% at 32 days postdosing. Brain concentrations of mercury peaked at 2 days postdosing. At 10 days postdosing, organic mercury accounted for 86% of the brain mercury burden, and, at 32 days postdosing, for 60%. The percentage of mercury body burden in pelt rose from 30 to 70% between 1 and 10 days postdosing. At 32 days postdosing pelt contained 85% of the body burden of mercury. At all time points, about 95% of mercury in pelt was in an organic form. Compartmental analysis of these data permitted development of a model to describe the distribution and excretion of organic and inorganic mercury in methyl mercury-treated neonatal rats. PMID- 3168967 TI - Lead and osteoporosis: mobilization of lead from bone in postmenopausal women. AB - Although it has been known that humans accumulate lead in bone, mineralized tissue has been considered primarily as a sequestering compartment and not as a site of toxic action for lead. However, experimental data indicate that bone lead can be released during conditions of demineralization, such as pregnancy and lactation. We have examined lead status in women, before and after menopause, using the NHANES II dataset compiled between 1976 and 1980. In 2981 black and white women there was a highly significant increase in both whole blood and calculated plasma lead concentration after menopause. The results indicate that bone lead is not an inert storage site for absorbed lead. Moreover, lead may interact with other factors in the course of postmenopausal osteoporosis, to aggravate the course of the disease, since lead is known to inhibit activation of vitamin D, uptake of dietary calcium, and several regulatory aspects of bone cell function. The consequences of this mobilization may also be of importance in assessing the risks of maternal lead exposure to fetal and infant health. PMID- 3168966 TI - Occupational exposure to volatile nitrosamines in foundries using the "Ashland" core-making process. AB - Eight foundries using the "Ashland" process for the production of cores were surveyed to assess the occupational exposure to carcinogenic volatile nitrosamines. Personal and area samples were collected by means of artifact-free cartridges during the core-making and the molding/casting/shake-out operations. Analyses were carried out with gas chromatography/Hall detector and gas chromatography/TEA (thermal energy analyzer) for validation. The core-making workshops had the highest concentration for at least two nitrosamines, N nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosoethylmethylamine (NEMA), but the levels of NDMA never exceeded 0.35 microgram/m3 with an arithmetic mean between 0.23 and 0.02 microgram/m3. In a number of samplings, two other peaks, both on TEA and Hall detector, could not be identified. The foundries per se (molding/casting/shake-out) had lower nitrosamine levels (CNDMAmax = 0.15 microgram/m3, CNDMA less than 0.03 microgram/m3). For the first time NEMA was identified as an industrial contaminant in foundries but its concentration was always lower than that of NDMA. The nitrosamines found were presumably produced from dimethylethylamine (DMEA). Industries producing or using tertiary or secondary amines should be controlled for their possible nitrosamine contamination. PMID- 3168968 TI - Immunological and respiratory findings in spice-factory workers. AB - Immunological and respiratory findings were studied in a group of 45 female spice factory workers (mean age: 39 years; mean exposure: 17 years). In addition a group of 45 female control workers matched by sex, age, and smoking habit were also studied. Intradermal skin testing with mixed spice dust allergen demonstrated positive skin reactions in 73.3% of exposed and in 33.3% of control workers (P less than 0.001). Increased IgE serum levels were found in 36.8% of exposed and in 9.7% of the control workers (P less than 0.01). The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms was significantly higher in the exposed workers than in the control workers (P less than 0.01). There was, however, no consistent correlation between skin reactivity and chronic respiratory symptoms. There was a high prevalence of acute symptoms during the work shift. These complaints were more frequent in workers with positive skin tests for the symptoms of cough, chest tightness, and irritated and dry throat. Ventilatory capacity was measured by recording maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves. There were statistically significant mean reductions during the work shift for all measured lung function parameters in workers with positive skin reactions. In those workers with negative skin reactions only FEF50 and FEF25 reached statistical significance. Aqueous extracts of different spices (chilli pepper, paprika, caraway, coriander leaves, coriander seeds, cinnamon, ginger, onion, curry, and parsley) caused a dose-related contractile response of isolated guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle. These data suggest that immunologic reactions to spices are frequent in spice workers and may be related to acute symptoms and lung function changes, but not to chronic changes. The data further suggest that, in addition to any immunologic response these spices may produce in vivo, they probably also provoke direct irritant reactions in the airways as suggested by in vitro data. PMID- 3168969 TI - Acidic and basic forms of glutathione S-transferases from human placenta and comparison with human kidney glutathione S-transferase. AB - Glutathione S-transferase (GSH-transferase) was purified from human placenta and kidney by affinity chromatography on S-glutathione-carbamidomethyl-epsilon aminolysyl-Sepharose CL 4B and gel filtration chromatography on Sephades G-75. Electrophoretically pure enzyme with the specific activities of 50.7 and 55.9 U/mg, respectively, were obtained. In addition to the known acidic isoenzyme from human placenta (isoelectric point, pI, 4.5), we describe here for the first time the presence of 6 basic forms with pI values between 8.0 and 9.0. The kidney GSH transferase contained 2 acidic forms with isoelectric points at 4.6 and 4.65, and 6 basic forms with pI values between 8.7 and 9.4. The basic and acidic isoenzymes from placenta were separated by ion exchange chromatography on Sephadex DEAE A 25. The acidic form accounted for 36% of the total GSH-transferase activity from placenta. Antibodies against the kidney enzyme were raised in rabbit. Total cross reactivity of placental GSH-transferase with antikidney-GSH-transferase antibodies was obtained, suggesting that the kidney and placental enzymes are immunologically closely related. PMID- 3168970 TI - Human serum lipoamidase. AB - Thirty-two human serum specimens were assayed for lipoamidase (lipoyl-4 aminobenzoate hydrolase) activity. All sera had lipoamidase activities. This substrate was newly synthesized by us and had a satisfying purity as evaluated by HPLC-fluorimetric detection. Product (p-aminobenzoate) liberated was determined directly by the HPLC-fluorimetric method. Liberation of the product was linearly continued for 6 h. The pH optimum of serum lipoamidase was found to be 7.0. The effect of substrate concentration on human serum lipoamidase activity was examined and the reaction was saturated at 0.1 mmol/l. The sera obtained were from individuals aged from 1 to 8 years. The mean value of serum lipoamidase activity was found to be 1.50 U/l (SD 1.037, range 0.04-3.75, n = 32). The difference of sex effects was analyzed and no significant difference was found (males: n = 14, mean 1.48, SD 1.162, range 0.04-3.75; females: n = 18, mean 1.52, SD 0.963, range 0.48-3.51) among this age group. Biotinidase activity was also determined in these 32 serum specimens and the correlation was examined. The mean biotinidase activity was 3.16 U/l (SD 2.567, range 0.35-9.37). The correlation coefficient (r) between lipoamidase activity and biotinidase activity was 0.8931. Although the physiological significance of lipoamidase has not been known, the enzyme might play an important role in recycling of lipoate as biotinidase does. PMID- 3168971 TI - Lysosomal accumulation of phospholipids in mucolipidosis IV cultured fibroblasts. AB - Pulse-chase studies were performed to investigate the metabolism of phosphatidylethanolamine (PEA) in cultured fibroblasts from patients with mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) and normal controls. When cultured cells were incubated with 3H-ethanolamine, 80-90% of the intracellular radioactivity was associated with PEA. Compared to the metabolism of 3H-PEA in normal cells, the phospholipid was retained in greater amounts and degraded more slowly in the MLIV fibroblasts. The 3H-PEA concentration in lysosomal preparations isolated by Percoll gradients was more than 3-fold greater in MLIV than in normal cells after 10 days chase. These studies indicate that PEA catabolism is deranged in MLIV and suggest that the primary metabolic defect causes abnormal phospholipid catabolism in the lysosomes of affected individuals. PMID- 3168972 TI - The Km of NADH dehydrogenase is decreased in mitochondria of cystic fibrosis cells. AB - The kinetic properties of the NADH dehydrogenase of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, assayed as NADH-dependent rotenone-sensitive cytochrome c reductase have been studied in mitochondria isolated from mononuclear white blood cells in patients affected by cystic fibrosis. Data reported here show that the apparent Km of the enzyme for NADH is significantly decreased in cystic fibrosis mitochondria. These findings are independent of the age or the clinical state of the disease and have also been obtained with mitochondria isolated from cultured skin fibroblasts. These observations support the notion that cystic fibrosis is possibly accompanied by alterations of intracellular membranes and these are evident also in circulating cells and cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 3168973 TI - Immunochemical analysis of nineteen ornithine transcarbamoylase deficiencies. AB - Western blot analysis of 19 human ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC) deficiencies characterized by neonatal (13 patients: type I) or later onset of symptoms (6 patients: type II) are reported. All the patients studied here are hemizygous males. In the first group, most of the patients had no residual enzymatic activity (11 patients). In 8 cases this is correlated with a complete absence of protein, in 1 patient with a much reduced amount and in 2 others with 80% of an OTC-related protein of normal molecular weight. Only 2 patients with neonatal onset of symptoms had a detectable OTC activity which ranged from 0.5 to 1% of the control. Among the second clinical group of 6 patients with later onset of symptoms, the residual OTC activity was between 5 and 20% at pH 8.0; 3 of them had abnormal kinetics and 50% an OTC-related protein. PMID- 3168974 TI - Molecular forms of adenosine deaminase in pleural effusions. AB - The molecular forms of adenosine deaminase (ADA) were studied in pleural effusions with high ADA activity. The molecular forms were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and the molecular masses estimated by gel filtration. Effusions investigated were: tuberculosis (TB) (20 cases), lymphoma (3 cases), chronic myelogenous leukemia (1 case) and empyema (6 cases). Two ADA forms were identified, a small form (Smf-ADA) and a large form (Lmf-ADA). Without exception, the tuberculous effusions have shown only Lmf-ADA. All the other effusions contained both forms, the Smf-ADA being predominant. This was also the ADA pattern seen in normal lymphocytes. These findings may indicate different mechanisms of ADA release or origins of ADA in the various effusions. The Lmf-ADA may be secreted by activated T cells in TB, which would confirm the notion that ADA activity reflects cellular immunity. In contrast, in the nontuberculous cases the ADA probably leaked from damaged lymphocytes or neutrophils, hence the reflection of the cellular ADA pattern. The PAGE pattern may also be of value in distinguishing between TB and these other causes of high pleural fluid ADA. PMID- 3168975 TI - Structural aspects of the plasminogen of various species. AB - The N-terminal amino acid sequence of equine, ovine, canine, goat and rabbit plasminogen were determined and compared with those already known of the human, bovine, porcine and feline molecule. Furthermore, the kringle 4 domains of equine, ovine, canine and goat plasminogen, prepared by limited cleavage with elastase, were sequenced and compared with the known species of human, bovine, porcine and chicken plasminogen. Homology with the human kringle 4 ranges between 73% (chicken) and 90% (bovine). Comparison of sequences, fragmentation patterns with elastase and adsorption on lysine-Bio-Gel suggests the same structural and functional domains in the animal species as in human plasminogen. PMID- 3168976 TI - The role of anabolic steroids on baseline and stress heart rate in cynomolgus monkeys. AB - This investigation examined the role of anabolic steroids on baseline heart rate (HR) and HR responses to the threat of capture in Macaca fascicularis. Ten cynomolgus monkeys were randomly assigned either to a steroid or to a sham control group. Steroid-treated animals were given testosterone injections biweekly for 10 weeks, whereas sham controls received injections of sesame oil on an identical schedule. Pretreatment and posttreatment HRs were evaluated to establish both baseline and acute-stress responses. Results revealed that animals given testosterone experienced a statistically significant increase in baseline HR when contrasted with the sham controls. No difference between the groups was detected in response to the threat of capture. PMID- 3168977 TI - Blood pressure estimation and beliefs among normotensives and hypertensives. AB - Although health professionals believe that blood pressure (BP) is asymptomatic, most diagnosed hypertensives are confident that they experience specific symptoms and emotions that help them detect their BP levels. Several months after screening interviews that elicited subjects' BP beliefs, 14 medicated hypertensives, 15 nonmedicated mild hypertensives (diastolic BP greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg), 39 normotensives, and 13 hypotensives (systolic BP less than or equal to 100 mm Hg) participated in a 1- to 2-hr laboratory experiment that assessed each subject's symptoms, moods, and estimates of systolic BP (SBP) relative to actual SBP levels. Several self-reports and autonomic measures were collected 45 times during and after each of 22 tasks. Subjects never received SBP feedback during the experiment. Within-subject correlations indicated that all subject groups could estimate SBP at levels greater than chance (mean estimated SBP-actual SBP correlation = .25). Further, 68% of the subjects evidenced at least one significant symptom-SBP correlation. Although medicated hypertensives believed they could estimate their BP more accurately than other groups by using their symptoms and emotions, they were actually no more accurate than the other groups. They also evidenced far fewer empirically derived symptom-SBP and emotion SBP correlations than any other group. Overall, BP beliefs were largely inaccurate. If these erroneous beliefs can be eliminated, subjects may be able to estimate BP fluctuations more accurately. PMID- 3168978 TI - Acute effects of aerobic exercise on mood. AB - Thirty-two female students participated in a single-session experiment during which they carried out two 8-min trials of high-intensity exercise and two 8-min trials of low-intensity exercise. One high- and one low-exercise trial were accompanied by music; the other two trials were accompanied by metronome. Mood was assessed with a modification of the Profile of Mood States before and immediately after each trial. The purpose of the experiment was disguised to reduce the influence of subject expectations on mood responses. Participants were divided into fit and unfit groups based on heart rate responses during high exercise trials. Overall, high-intensity exercise led to increases in tension/anxiety and fatigue, whereas positive mood changes (vigor and exhilaration) were seen following low-intensity exercise only. No group differences in mood responses were observed. Explanations of these results are considered in light of other literature concerning the acute effects of exercise on mood. PMID- 3168980 TI - Monitoring cardiac development: a window to foetal wellbeing. PMID- 3168979 TI - Exercise as a buffer of life stress: a prospective study of adolescent health. AB - The hypothesis that physical exercise provides benefits to individuals under periods of life stress has rarely been subject to empirical verification. This article presents the results of a longitudinal study of stress and well-being in adolescence in which the ability of exercise to buffer stress-induced deteriorations in physical health was examined. In accordance with predictions, prospective analyses revealed that the negative impact of stressful life events on health declined as exercise levels increased. These findings suggest that exercise may be a valuable resource for combating life stress. Discussion centers on possible mediating mechanisms and on the practical implications of the results. PMID- 3168982 TI - What limits equine performance? PMID- 3168981 TI - Equine amyloidosis. PMID- 3168983 TI - The Sir Frederick Hobday Memorial Lecture. We don't shoot horses anymore. PMID- 3168984 TI - A morphological study on the obliteration processes of the ductus arteriosus in the horse. AB - The obliteration processes of the ductus arteriosus of equine foetuses and newborn foals were studied morphometrically and histologically. The length, internal and external diameters and circumference of the ductus in equine foetuses increased progressively and linearly up to 310 days with advancing foetal age, but the values, especially the internal diameter, decreased from 320 to 330 days. After birth, the ductal measurements decreased gradually and ductal closure was found in three of 14 foals examined on the first day post partum, in two of six on the second day and in nine of nine on the third day or later, suggesting that the ductus arteriosus closes physiologically within three days after birth. Microscopical findings of the ductus arteriosus were characterised by the rearrangement of smooth muscle cells in the inner media and intimal thickening in foetuses, and by the central displacement of the intima in newborn foals. It was concluded that the ductus arteriosus begins to undergo preparatory modifications during intrauterine life, when the vessel is still functional, and that the most significant starting point of change in the obliteration processes is the rearrangement of smooth muscle cells in the inner media, which occurs during pre- and post natal life. PMID- 3168985 TI - The foramen ovale of the foetal and neonatal foal. AB - Hearts from 24 foals were studied; 10 were from foetuses ranging in gestational age from 230 to 322 days and 14 were from newborn and young foals aged between birth and 17 days. The foramen ovale and associated vena caval and atrial structures were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Additional observations were made by light and transmission electron microscopy. A tube-like flap of tissue was observed, extending from the aperture in the caudal vena cava to the lumen of the left atrium. In the younger foetuses, the distal end of this tube was covered with a thread-like network of tissue. In animals nearer to term, the network was replaced by distal fenestrations. Protrusions were seen on the rim of the opening of the tube as it entered the atrium. The role that these may play, together with the significance of cardiac muscle and non-elastic connective tissue in the wall of the tube, were discussed with respect to possible mechanisms of closure of the foramen ovale. PMID- 3168986 TI - Effect of exercise on the partitioning of equine respiratory resistance. AB - Pleural, tracheal, pharyngeal and mask pressures as well as airflow and tidal volume of five ponies on a treadmill (incline 8.3 degrees) were recorded simultaneously while resting, walking, trotting slowly, trotting fast, after standing for 30 secs and 5 mins after the end of the exercise. The curves obtained were used to calculate total pulmonary resistance (RL), lower airway resistance (RLA) and upper airway resistance (RUA). The latter was also divided into nasal resistance (Rnas) and laryngeal plus extrathoracic tracheal resistance (Retr + lar). Furthermore, the inspiratory and expiratory components of each of these R values were estimated. Levels of RL, RLA and RUA were increased significantly during exercise but, during the recovery period, the values were significantly lower than those pre-exercise. RUA represented 82 per cent of RL at rest and this percentage did not change significantly during and after exercise. The nasal resistance to RUA ratio was always higher than 0.5. The fact that RL increased with exercise intensity was due to the increase of RUA during inspiration, and mainly a result of the increase of RLA during expiration. At fast trot, RLA represented 5 and 50 per cent of RL during inspiration and expiration respectively. It was concluded that heavy exercise induces in ponies an increase of RL, one reason for which could be the partial collapse of the extrathoracic and intrathoracic airways during inspiration and expiration respectively. PMID- 3168988 TI - Amyloid in the horse: a report of nine cases. AB - Out of approximately 16,000 horses referred for clinical examination, nine had amyloidosis. Six of these horses had localised amyloid deposits in the wall of the nasal meatus and ventral turbinates associated with epistaxis. Horse 1 also developed malignant histiolymphocytic lymphosarcomas. The amyloid deposits were potassium permanganate-resistant and tryptophan-positive. Gel filtration of solubilised amyloid fibrils from Horse 1 revealed a major retarded fraction with an apparent molecular weight of 20 kD. This protein had an amino acid composition similar to human AL-amyloid proteins and horse immunoglobulin light chains. On Western blot a strong cross-reaction was observed between horse 1gG2a light chains and the Horse 1 amyloid. Horses 7 to 9 had suppurative verminous aneurysm, tuberculosis and an adrenal cortical adenoma, respectively, and had generalised amyloid deposits in liver and spleen. These amyloid deposits were found to be potassium permanganate-sensitive and positive for tryptophan. Gel filtration of solubilised amyloid fibrils from Horse 8 revealed a major retarded fraction (protein AA) with an apparent molecular weight of 10 kD. Immunoperoxidase antiperoxidase staining showed the localised deposits to be negative or only weakly positive with antisera against bovine, hamster, dog and human protein AA and to be positive with anti-horse-one amyloid protein. The generalised deposits were found to be positive with the antisera against allogenic protein AA. The results of the potassium permanganate incubation, biochemistry, immunoblotting and immunochemistry, indicate that the localised amyloid of Horse 1 and most likely the amyloid of Horses 2 to 6, is of the AL-type. The generalised amyloid deposits were found to be of the AA type. PMID- 3168987 TI - Hepatic AA amyloidosis associated with severe strongylosis in a horse. PMID- 3168989 TI - Use of iohexol for myelography in the horse. AB - The use of iohexol as a contrast agent for myelography is reported in two groups of horses. Group 1 (n = 6) were used only for myelography and to assess the clinical and pathological effects of intrathecal administration of iohexol. A volume of 20 ml at a concentration of 300 or 350 mg iodine/ml gave satisfactory myelographic detail with no serious clinical or neurological side effects. Only a minimal inflammatory response could be demonstrated in cerebrospinal fluid at four and 14 days after injection. At post mortem examination 14 days after myelography there was no evidence of meningitis nor was any other pathological change detected. Group 2 (n = 19) comprised a series of clinical cases of suspected cervical vertebral malformation. The only untoward sequelae recorded involved two horses in which iohexol was diluted with sterile water prior in intrathecal injection. A progressive necrotising meningitis developed in both cases which necessitated euthanasia. It was concluded that the major advantages of iohexol for use in the horse were its diagnostic quality, safety and low cost. PMID- 3168990 TI - Oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle fibres in racehorses: histochemical versus biochemical analysis. AB - The oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle fibre types was evaluated histochemically using the nicotinamide dinucleotide diaphorase (NADH-D) staining, and biochemically by measuring the activity of citrate synthase (CS) in both whole muscle samples and in pools of fibres of identified type. Duplicate determinations of the NADH-D staining pattern resulted in standard deviations (sd) between duplicates of 6 and 11 per cent for two observers. The NADH-D pattern was found to differ between observers. Duplicate determinations of CS activity in the same fibre pools resulted in an sd value of 2.9 mumol/g/min. Measurements of whole muscle CS activity did not provide information about the distribution of oxidative capacity among fibre types. The NADH-D stain and CS activity in fibre pools both showed that, in general, type I and IIA fibres had a higher oxidative capacity than type IIB fibres. Biochemical techniques also showed, however, that the CS activity in type I and IIA fibres of different horses could vary as much as twofold, whereas the NADH-D rating showed a high intensity staining for most type I and IIA fibres in all horses. Furthermore, type IIB fibres received a lower NADH-D rating than the other fibre types even when the CS activities were quite similar. For purposes of research, biochemical measurement of oxidative capacity in individual muscle fibre types provides valuable quantitative and comparative information. The ease of histochemical NADH D staining in comparison to fibre dissections makes this technique more practical for routine estimates of the distribution of oxidative capacity among muscle fibres.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3168991 TI - Distribution of adult and larval cyathostomes in helminth-naive foals after primary infection. PMID- 3168992 TI - Interstitial pneumonia in the horse: two unusual cases. PMID- 3168993 TI - Cushing's syndrome in a horse. PMID- 3168994 TI - Chylothorax associated with a congenital diaphragmatic defect in a foal. PMID- 3168995 TI - Personality differences in the phase of circadian rhythms: a comparison of morningness and extraversion. PMID- 3168997 TI - Postural angles as an indicator of postural load and muscular injury in occupational work situations. PMID- 3168996 TI - Anthropometry of North Sea helicopter pilots. PMID- 3168998 TI - Measurement of postural angles during work. PMID- 3169001 TI - Molecular cloning of the cDNA of human X chromosomal gene (CCG1) which complements the temperature-sensitive G1 mutants, tsBN462 and ts13, of the BHK cell line. AB - The tsBN462 cell line, a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant isolated from the hamster cell line, BHK21/13 has a ts defect in G1 progression and belongs to the same complementation group as the ts13 cell line. We cloned human cDNA which can complement both tsBN462 and ts13 mutations, from the cDNA library of the secondary ts+ transformant (K-1-1) of tsBN462 cells using, as a probe, the isolated human X chromosomal genomic DNA. The cloned DNA is 5.3 kb long and has an open reading frame of 4662 bp, encoding a protein of 178,768 daltons. The putative protein is hydrophilic with a tandem repeat of 120 amino acids in the C terminal region. An amino acid sequence (PPKKKRRV), similar to the consensus sequence for the nuclear translocation signal, is located immediately before the tandem repeat of amino acids. PMID- 3168999 TI - Identification of domains involved in nuclear uptake and histone binding of protein N1 of Xenopus laevis. AB - The karyophilic protein N1 (590 amino acids) is an abundant soluble protein of the nuclei of Xenopus laevis oocytes where it forms defined complexes with histones H3 and H4. The amino acid sequence of this protein, as deduced from the cDNA, reveals a putative nuclear targeting signal as well as two acidic domains which are candidates for the interaction with histones. Using two different histone binding assays in vitro we have found that the deletion of the larger acidic domain reduces histone binding drastically to a residual value of approximately 15% of the complete molecule, whereas removal of the smaller acidic domain only slightly reduces histone complex formation in solution, but infers more effectively with binding to immobilized histones. In the primary structure of the protein both histone-binding domains are distant from the conspicuous nuclear accumulation signal sequence (residues 531-537) close to the carboxy terminus which is very similar to the SV40 large T-antigen nuclear targeting sequence. Using a series of N1 mutants altered by deletions or point mutations we show that this signal is required but not sufficient for nuclear accumulation of protein N1. The presence of an additional, more distantly related signal sequence in position 544-554 is also needed to achieve a level of nuclear uptake equivalent to that of the wild-type protein. Results obtained with point mutations support the concept of two nuclear targeting sequences and emphasize the importance of specific lysine and arginine residues in these signal sequences. PMID- 3169003 TI - Post-translational transport of proteins into microsomal membranes of Candida maltosa. AB - We have isolated from the yeast Candida maltosa microsomal membranes that are active in the translocation of proteins synthesized in cell-free systems derived from C. maltosa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae or wheat germ. Translocation and core glycosylation of prepro-alpha-factor, a secretory protein, were observed with yeast microsomes added during or after translation. The signal peptide is cleaved off. Cytochrome P-450 from C. maltosa, the first integral membrane protein studied in a yeast system, is also inserted both co- and post-translationally into Candida microsomal membranes. Its insertion into canine microsomes occurs efficiently only in a co-translational manner and is dependent on the function of the signal recognition particle. PMID- 3169000 TI - Expression of human estrogen receptor mutants in Xenopus oocytes: correlation between transcriptional activity and ability to form protein-DNA complexes. AB - The human estrogen receptor (hER) is a trans-acting regulatory protein composed of a series of discrete functional domains. We have microinjected an hER expression vector (HEO) into Xenopus oocyte nuclei and demonstrate, using Western blot assay, that the hER is synthesized. When nuclear extracts from oocytes were prepared and incubated in the presence of a 2.7 kb DNA fragment comprising the 5' end of the vitellogenin gene B2, formation of estrogen-dependent complexes could be visualized by electron microscopy over the estrogen responsive element (ERE). Of crucial importance is the observation that the complex formation is inhibited by the estrogen antagonist tamoxifen, is restored by the addition of the hormone and does not take place with extracts from control oocytes injected with the expression vector lacking the sequences encoding the receptor. The presence of the biologically active hER is confirmed in co-injection experiments, in which HEO is co-introduced with a CAT reporter gene under the control of a vitellogenin promoter containing or lacking the ERE. CAT assays and primer extensions analyses reveal that both the receptor and the ERE are essential for estrogen induced stimulation of transcription. The same approach was used to analyze selective hER mutants. We find that the DNA binding domain (region C) is essential for protein- DNA complex formation at the ERE but is not sufficient by itself to activate transcription from the reporter gene. In addition to region C, both the hormone binding (region E) and amino terminal (region A/B) domains are needed for an efficient transcription activation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3169002 TI - Tissue specific trans-acting factor interaction with proximal rat prolactin gene promoter sequences. AB - Using an exonuclease III protection assay, strong, reversible and tissue-specific binding of GH3 cell nuclear factors to proximal regions of the rat prolactin (rPrl) promoter (-31 to -77) has been detected. A second less prominent region of factor binding, that may have a correlate in HeLa cell extracts, was detected in the region (-155 to -180). The binding is eliminated in the presence of excess unlabelled rPrl promoter sequences (-423 to +38), excess unlabelled distal rPrl 5'-flanking sequences (-1960 to -1260) and SV40-enhancer/promoter sequences; it is largely unaffected by growth hormone (rGH) promoter and RSV-LTR sequences. A plasmid containing the proximal rPrl promoter sequences (-75 to +38) was also shown to be an avid inhibitor, at low concentrations, of rPrl promoter driven chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene expression in transient cotransfection competition studies; under these assay conditions distal rPrl 5' flanking sequences and RSV and rGH promoter plasmids do not compete. The results emphasize the critical importance of proximal rPrl promoter sequences for prolactin gene expression in GH3 cells but recognize the related functional potential of more distal sequences. PMID- 3169004 TI - The affinity of signal recognition particle for presecretory proteins is dependent on nascent chain length. AB - We have developed an assay in which incomplete preprolactin chains of varying lengths are targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in an elongation independent manner. The reaction had the same molecular requirements as nascent chain translocation across the ER membrane, namely, it was signal recognition particle (SRP) dependent, and required the nascent chain to be present as peptidyl tRNA (i.e. most likely ribosome associated) and to have its signal sequence exposed outside the ribosome. We found that the efficiency of the targeting reaction dropped dramatically as the chains grew longer than 140 amino acids in length, which probably reflected a decrease in affinity of the nascent chain-ribosome complex for SRP. Thus at physiological SRP concentrations (10 nM) there appears a sharp cut-off point in the ability of these chains to be targeted, while at high SRP concentrations (270 nM) all chains could be targeted. In kinetic experiments, high concentrations of SRP were found to change the time in elongation after which translocation of the nascent polypeptide could no longer occur. PMID- 3169005 TI - The nucleocapsid of bacteriophage phi 6 penetrates the host cytoplasmic membrane. AB - Bacteriophage phi 6 infects its host, the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas syringae, by a protein-targeted fusion of the virus envelope with the host outer membrane. In this investigation we present results suggesting that the phage nucleocapsid penetrates the host cytoplasmic membrane via a membrane invagination and an intracellular vesicle. This indicates that the prokaryotic plasma membrane might be more dynamic and have more common features with eukaryotic membrane systems than previously expected. Most of the nucleocapsid surface lattice protein is degraded in the cell, and the nucleocapsid core particle containing the viral dsRNA segments and the proteins necessary for the viral RNA polymerase activity can be isolated from the infected cells. The penetration is dependent on the energized state of the host cytoplasmic membrane. About 25% of the entering core particles are re-used in the progeny viruses. PMID- 3169007 TI - The functional significance of DNA sequence structure in a site-specific genetic recombination reaction. AB - A series of sequence changes in the spacer region of the FLP recombination target (FRT) site are presented which drastically reduce site function without affecting recognition by the FLP protein. The effects follow a pattern which indicates that two structural features of the FRT site are essential for site function: a pair of pyrimidine tracts arranged in a palindrome and a predominance of AT base pairs in the spacer. The FRT site represents a sequence that serves to facilitate unwinding of the DNA within the spacer region during recombination. The results provide a clear demonstration of a role for a DNA sequence element that is distinct from protein recognition. PMID- 3169008 TI - Use of seminiferous tubule segments to study stage specificity of unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat spermatogenic cells. AB - DNA repair in spermatogenic cells at various stages of maturity was determined by quantitation of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS). Male F-344 rats were exposed (i.p.) to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS, 35 mg/kg); 1 hr later, segments of seminiferous tubules corresponding to spermatogenesis stages II, IV-V, VI, VII, VIII, IX-X, XII, and XIV were isolated with the transillumination pattern of the tubules as a guide. Intact tubule segments were cultured 24 hr in the presence of [3H]thymidine, and UDS was quantitated by autoradiography as net grains/nucleus (NG). In primary spermatocytes from treated rats, NG count increased with increasing maturity from leptotene primary spermatocytes (3.5 NG) up through stage VIII and IX-X pachytene spermatocytes (22 NG), after which NG decreased in stage-XII pachytene and diplotene spermatocytes (to 16 NG and 8 NG, respectively). Round spermatids of steps 2-8 of spermiogenesis all exhibited approximately the same UDS response (8 NG). Elongating spermatids as mature as step 14 underwent UDS after exposure to MMS, but step-15 and later-step spermatids did not. The DNA repair response of pachytene spermatocytes cultured within segments of seminiferous tubule corresponding to stages VIII and IX-X was 4 to 25 times greater, depending on the dose of MMS, than pachytene spermatocytes isolated by enzymatic digestion and cultured in suspension [Bentley and Working, Mutat Res 203:135-142, 1988]. Thus, the use of segments of seminiferous tubule both increased the sensitivity of UDS as an indicator of DNA damage in rat germ cells and enabled the study of UDS in spermatogenic cells at different stages of maturity. PMID- 3169006 TI - Effect of anti-cruciform DNA monoclonal antibodies on DNA replication. AB - To study the possible involvement of DNA cruciforms in the initiation of DNA replication, we used two monoclonal antibodies, 2D3 and 4B4, with anti-cruciform DNA specificity. Synchronized CV-1 cells were released into S phase for hourly intervals up to 6 h and permeabilized in the presence of monoclonal antibodies, under conditions that allow limited DNA replication. Exposure of the permeabilized cells to 2D3 or 4B4 resulted in a 2- to 6-fold enhancement of incorporation of labeled precursor nucleotide over the 6 h period. Approximately 50% of the enhanced synthesis was sensitive to aphidicolin, and the enhancing effect of 2D3 was abolished by absorption with immunobead anti-mouse immunoglobulin. Dot-blot hybridization analyses of DNA isolated from anti cruciform antibody treatment groups showed a similar 2- to 11-fold increase in the relative copy number of low copy probes. In contrast, exposure of the permeabilized cells to a monoclonal antibody directed against Z-DNA and B-DNA had no significant effect on DNA synthesis. The results suggest that cruciforms are present in replicating DNA and that they are recognized and stabilized by the monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3169009 TI - Increased sister chromatid exchange associated with smoking and coffee consumption. AB - Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) is a very sensitive cytogenetic assay for detecting exposure to chemical mutagens and carcinogens. One application of SCE is the monitoring of populations believed to be exposed to such agents. We have, however, relatively little knowledge about common lifestyle factors that may influence SCE and therefore complicate any study designed to examine the effects of exposure to genotoxins. In this study, we assessed the effect of cigarette smoking and coffee consumption on SCE. Smoking was associated with an increase of approximately 2 SCEs per cell and a decrease in cell proliferation. A positive linear relationship between SCE and coffee consumption was also observed. This effect was similar for smokers and nonsmokers. Additionally, the folic acid content of cell culture medium seemed to affect neither SCE nor cell proliferation. PMID- 3169010 TI - Persistence of micronuclei in peripheral blood normochromatic erythrocytes of subchronically benzene-treated male mice. AB - The kinetics of micronucleus (MN) induction and decline in blood normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) of mice subchronically exposed to benzene was investigated during and after exposure. Swiss (ICR) male mice (10/group) were given 0.0, 36.6, 73.2, and 146.4 mg/kg body weight benzene by gavage daily for 14 days, except for days 5 and 10. The frequency of MN increased significantly (P less than .001) during benzene treatment as a function of both concentration and time. Eleven days after exposure the levels of MN were higher than those observed at the end of exposure. After an initial rapid decline in the frequency of MN from 11 to 18 days postexposure, the decline became linear with time through 60 days postexposure. Using linear regression analysis, the MN level in each treatment group was predicted to reach control levels by approximately 85 days post treatment. Dose-dependent suppression and recovery of erythropoiesis, estimated by polychromatic erythrocyte frequency, were observed in the 1st and 2nd weeks of exposure, respectively. Red blood cell (RBC) production was markedly increased in the first 3 weeks after benzene treatment. At later times the rate of production of the RBC returned to normal and may account for the linear decline observed in MN frequency. This research indicates that the frequency of MN is dose and duration dependent, while the decline in MN frequency after the end of benzene exposure can be related to changes in the kinetics of erythropoiesis. PMID- 3169011 TI - In vivo sister chromatid exchange induced by 1,2-dichloroethane on bone marrow cells of mice. AB - In vivo sister chromatid exchange induced by 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) was studied in bone marrow cells of mice after acute treatment for 24 hr. With the exception of the lowest concentration (0.5 mg/kg), each treated series exhibited a statistically significant increase in SCEs when compared with the control. PMID- 3169012 TI - The subunit structure of a major glutathione S-transferase form, MT, in rat testis. Evidence for a heterodimer consisting of subunits with different isoelectric points. AB - A major glutathione S-transferase form (pI 5.7) in rat testis (MT) purified by S hexyl-glutathione affinity chromatography, followed by chromatofocusing, showed two polypeptide of pI 6.7 (Yn1) and 6.0 (Yn2), having apparently the same molecular mass of 26 kDa on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Rechromatofocusing of the MT preparation after 4 M guanidine hydrochloride treatment revealed two additional protein peaks (pI 6.2 and 5.4). These were identified as the two homodimers consisting of the subunits of MT, Yn1Yn1 and Yn2Yn2, respectively. Furthermore, MT could be reconstituted from Yn1Yn1 and Yn2Yn2. These results indicate that MT is a heterodimer, Yn1Yn2, consisting of subunits with very similar molecular masses but different isoelectric points. The Yn1Yn1 form had glutathione S-transferase activities towards 1-chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene. However, the Yn2Yn2 form had no activity towards any of the substrates examined. N-terminal amino acid sequences of subunits Yn1 and Yn2 revealed differences at two positions in the first 20 residues; the amino acid compositions of these subunits were also similar but not identical, indicating that these two subunits are different in the primary structure. Subunits Yn1 and Yn2 are immunologically related to each other and also to subunits 3 (Yb1) and 4 (Yb2) but they are not identical. These four subunits also showed a high degree of similarity in N-terminal amino acid sequences. Subunits Yn1 and Yn2 seem to belong to the rat GST 3-4 family or class mu. Subunits Yn1 and 4 can make a heterodimer, which is detectable not only in rat testis, but also in the heart, kidney and lung. The Yn1Yn1 form was not detected in the testis, but is present in rat brain [Tsuchida et al. (1987) Eur. J. Biochem. 170, 159-164]. The Yn2Yn2 form seemed to differ from GST 5-5 and may be a new form of rat glutathione S-transferase. PMID- 3169013 TI - The function of beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl monophosphorylundecaprenol in biosynthesis of lipoteichoic acids in a group of Bacillus strains. AB - Membrane preparations, obtained from Bacillus strains which have N acetylglucosamine-linked lipoteichoic acids in their membranes, were shown to catalyze the transfer of N-[14C]acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from beta-[14C]GlcNAc P-undecaprenol to endogenous polymer. In this reaction, alpha-GlcNAc-P undecaprenol or alpha-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol could not substitute for beta-GlcNAc P-undecaprenol as the N-acetylglucosamine donor. This enzyme was most active at pH 6.0 and in the presence of 40 mM MgCl2. The apparent Km for beta-GlcNAc-P undecaprenol was 2 microM. The radioactive polymer products, solubilized by hot phenol treatment, coincided with lipoteichoic acids in chromatographic behavior. Hydrogen fluoride treatment of the polymer products gave a major fragment identical with GlcNAc(alpha 1----2)glycerol, which corresponded to the dephosphorylated repeating units of the lipoteichoic acids in the examined strains. Thus it is concluded that beta-GlcNAc-P-undecaprenol serves as the donor of N-acetylglucosamine in the biosynthesis of lipoteichoic acids in a group of Bacillus strains. PMID- 3169015 TI - Microtubule-assembly inhibitor protein. Its distribution, localization and physicochemical properties. AB - Microtubule-assembly inhibitor protein (MIP) is an acidic protein with Mr 33,000 which inhibits microtubule assembly in vitro [Kotani, S., Murofushi, H., Nishida, E. & Sakai, H. (1984) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 96, 959-969]. Anti-MIP antibody was affinity-purified from rabbit anti-MIP sera raised against chemically modified MIP. MIP was localized in the nucleus in interphase culture cells as revealed by immunofluorescent light microscopy. Immunoblotting experiments showed that MIP exists in a variety of mammalian cells and tissues. Kidney appeared to be a better source of MIP than brain, the original source. Kidney MIP was isolated by the same procedure as for brain MIP and proved to be indistinguishable from brain MIP in the inhibitory activity of microtubule assembly, molecular mass, immunoreactivity, and one-dimensional peptide mapping. Physico-chemical characteristics of MIP were studied using the kidney protein. It contained 20% aspartic acid and 25% glutamic acid, accounting for its acidic nature. Hydrodynamically, MIP was a monomer with S20,w = 1.9 S and Mr = 30,000. The frictional ratio, f/fo = 1.7, indicated that MIP is not a globular molecule but has either an elongated or an expanded structure. Circular dichroic results showed a low content of alpha-helix or beta-sheet structure for MIP. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis provided evidence that MIP consists mainly of very flexible structures (random-coil-like structures), but still contains a hydrophobic core structure below 60 degrees C. PMID- 3169014 TI - Long-term ingestion of ammonium increases acetylglutamate and urea levels without affecting the amount of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase. AB - Rats were fed the following diets: standard (20% protein), high-protein (80%), protein-free, standard plus ammonium and protein-free plus ammonium for six weeks. The standard plus ammonium diet was prepared to contain ammonia equivalent to that supplied by the high-protein diet. Addition of ammonium acetate (20% by mass) to the 20% protein or protein-free diets results in 2.3- and 10-fold increases of urea excretion respectively, without increase of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase. Supplementation of the standard diet with ammonium increases the mitochondrial content of acetylglutamate from 830 to 1590 pmol/mg protein, and of the protein-free diet from 130 to 1040 pmol/mg. However, ingestion of ammonium did not increase the activity of acetylglutamate synthase. Therefore the efflux of acetylglutamate from mitochondria was determined. After 30 min at 37 degrees C liver mitochondria from rats on standard diet released 61% of the initial acetylglutamate while mitochondria from animals on standard plus ammonium diet released only 20%. These results indicate that ingestion of ammonium increases the content of acetylglutamate in rat liver by decreasing its efflux from mitochondria. This effect is similar to that produced in mice by a high protein diet [Morita et al. (1982) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 91, 563-569]. However, while the high-protein diet increases carbamoylphosphate synthase content, the ammonium diet does not. PMID- 3169017 TI - Interaction of heparin and antithrombin III. The role of O-sulfate groups. AB - A synthetic pentasaccharide corresponding to the sequence involved in heparin for binding and activation of antithrombin III contains eight sulfate groups. The role of some of them in the interaction with the protein has been demonstrated through the study of fragments obtained from heparin. An approach based on the total chemical synthesis of heparin fragments allows us to provide new information on the O-sulfate groups borne by the iduronic acid and the glucosamine units that constitute the reducing-end disaccharide of the above pentasaccharide sequence. Although not strictly necessary for a weak interaction to take place, these two sulfates co-operate to express maximal activity. This suggests that they belong to a secondary sub-region of interaction with antithrombin III, the primary one being accounted for by other critical parts of the structure and particularly the trisaccharide sequence placed at the non reducing end of the pentasaccharide. PMID- 3169016 TI - p-Benzylthiocarbamoyl-aspartyl-daunorubicin-substituted polytrisacryl. A new drug acid-labile arm-carrier conjugate. AB - A new type of drug acid-labile arm-carrier is described. A hydrophilic polymer [polytrisacryl, or poly(acryloyl 2-amido-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol)], used as a model, is substituted with p-nitrobenzyl groups. The nitrobenzyl groups are reduced to aminobenzyl and transformed into benzylisothiocyanate groups which are allowed to react with aminoacyl daunorubicin. The excess of benzylisothiocyanate is transformed into benzylthiocarbamoyl N-methyl glucamine. A conjugate containing benzylthiocarbamoyl-aspartyl daunorubicin is stable at neutral pH, and releases free daunorubicin when it is exposed to pH 5 or below. This conjugate is about 200-fold less toxic than free daunorubicin, on a molecular basis, when it is added to the medium of Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) cells in culture. PMID- 3169018 TI - Primary structures and catalytic properties of isoenzymes encoded by the two 4 coumarate: CoA ligase genes in parsley. AB - We have determined the primary structures of two 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL) isoenzymes in parsley (Petroselinum crispum) by sequencing near full-length cDNAs corresponding to the two 4CL genes, Pc4CL-1 and Pc4CL-2, present in this plant. Comparison of the cDNA and genomic nucleotide sequences showed that each 4CL gene is organized in five exons separated by introns of varying lengths. The positions of introns are the same in both genes and 97-99% of the corresponding nucleotide sequences are identical. The two isoenzymes, which are nearly identical in their primary structures, were separated by ion-exchange chromatography, and were found to be indistinguishable with regard to substrate specificity. Assignment to Pc4CL 1 and Pc4CL-2 was achieved by comparison with catalytically active 4CL proteins, isolated from Escherichia coli cells which had been transformed with plasmids harboring the corresponding cDNAs. PMID- 3169019 TI - Multiplicity of interactions between dromedary hemoglobin and solvent components. A structural and functional study. AB - The interaction of dromedary hemoglobin with various solvent components [2-(p chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid (CFA), 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate (glycerate-2,3-P2) and chloride] has been studied. 1. CFA greatly lowers the oxygen affinity of dromedary hemoglobin. 2. The oxygen-linked CFA binding sites are probably located in the deoxy derivative at the alpha cleft, while in the oxy form and in the presence of two other effectors (glycerate-2,3-P2 and chloride) additional, structurally and possibly functionally relevant binding site(s) should be considered. 3. Both CFA and glycerate-2,3-P2 stabilize the deoxy-like tertiary structure in the oxy derivative. 4. Chloride appears to be fundamental to obtain quaternary structural changes. 5. Interaction energy, retained in the protein when the three ligands (CFA, glycerate-2,3-P2 and chloride) are bound to the oxy form, favours intermediates not stable if only one or two allosteric effector(s) is (are) present on the protein. 6. The oxygen affinity appears to be related to both tertiary and quaternary structural changes, while cooperatively is largely invariant with solvent conditions. In conclusion, the functional properties of dromedary hemoglobin do not depend in any simple way on the variety of stabilized conformations. PMID- 3169020 TI - Amino-acid sequence of ribonuclease T2 from Aspergillus oryzae. AB - The amino acid sequence of ribonuclease T2 (RNase T2) from Aspergillus oryzae has been determined. This has been achieved by analyzing peptides obtained by digestions with Achromobacter lyticus protease I, Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, and alpha-chymotrypsin of two large cyanogen bromide peptides derived from the reduced and S-carboxymethylated or S-aminoethylated protein. Digestion with A. lyticus protease I was successfully used to degrade the N-terminal half of the S-aminoethylated protein at cysteine residues. RNase T2 is a glycoprotein consisting of 239 amino acid residues with a relative molecular mass of 29,155. The sugar content is 7.9% (by mass). Three glycosylation sites were determined at Asns 15, 76 and 239. Apparently RNase T2 has a very low degree of sequence similarity with RNase T1, but a considerable similarity is observed around the amino acid residues involved in substrate recognition and binding in RNase T1. These similar residues may be important for the catalytic activity of RNase T2. PMID- 3169021 TI - Human liver cytosolic epoxide hydrolases. AB - Human liver epoxide hydrolases were characterized by several criteria and a cytosolic cis-stilbene oxide hydrolase (cEHCSO) was purified to apparent homogeneity. Styrene oxide and five phenylmethyloxiranes were tested as substrates for human liver epoxide hydrolases. With microsomes activity was highest with trans-2-methylstyrene oxide, followed by styrene 7,8-oxide, cis-2 methylstyrene oxide, cis-1,2-dimethylstyrene oxide, trans-1,2-dimethylstyrene oxide and 2,2-dimethylstyrene oxide. With cytosol the same order was obtained for the first three substrates, whereas activity with 2,2-dimethylstyrene oxide was higher than with cis-1,2-dimethylstyrene oxide and no hydrolysis occurred with trans-1,2-dimethylstyrene oxide. Generally, activities were lower with cytosol than with microsomes. The isoelectric point for both microsomal styrene 7,8-oxide and cis-stilbene oxide hydrolyzing activity was 7.0, whereas cEHCSO had an isoelectric point of 9.2 and cytosolic trans-stilbene oxide hydrolase (cEHTSO) of 5.7. The cytosolic epoxide hydrolases could be separated by anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The latter technique revealed a higher molecular mass for cEHCSO than for cEHTSO. Both cytosolic epoxide hydrolases showed higher activities at pH 7.4 than at pH 9.0, whereas the opposite was true for microsomal epoxide hydrolase. The effects of ethanol, methanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, acetone and dimethylsulfoxide on microsomal epoxide hydrolase depended on the substrate tested, whereas both cytosolic enzymes were not at all, or only slightly, affected by these solvents. Effects of different enzyme modulators on microsomal epoxide hydrolase also depended on the substrates used. Trichloropropene oxide and styrene 7,8-oxide strongly inhibited cEHCSO whereas cEHTSO was moderately affected by these compounds. Immunochemical investigations revealed a close relationship between cEHCSO and rat liver microsomal, but not cytosolic, epoxide hydrolase. Interestingly, cEHTSO has no immunological relationship to rat microsomal, nor to rat cytosolic epoxide hydrolase. cEHTSO from human liver differed also from its counterpart in the rat in that it was only moderately affected by tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile and trichloropropene oxide. Five steps were necessary to purify cEHCSO. The enzyme has a molecular mass (49 kDa) identical to that of rat liver microsomal epoxide hydrolase. PMID- 3169022 TI - Synthesis and structural identification of four dihydroxy acids and 11,12 leukotriene C4 derived from 11,12-leukotriene A4. AB - Using a partially purified 12-lipoxygenase from porcine leukocytes, (5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-12-hydroperoxy-5,8,10,14-icosate traenoic acid was synthesized from arachidonic acid with a yield of over 35%. The absolute configuration of C 12 was determined as S by chiral-phase column chromatography. It was chemically converted to at least three epoxides with the conjugated triene structure. Two were identified by proton NMR and mass spectrometry to be (5Z,7E,9E,14Z) (11S,12S)-11,12-oxido-5,7,9,14-ic osatetraenoic acid (11,12-leukotriene A4) and (5Z,7Z,9E,14Z)-(11S,12S)-11,12-oxido-5,7,9,14-ic osatetraenoic acid (7-cis-11,12 leukotriene A4). 11,12-Leukotriene A4 underwent acid hydrolysis to yield two diastereomers of (6E,8E,10E,14Z)-(12S)-5,12-dihydroxy-6,8,10,14-i cosatetraenoic acid and two isomers of (14Z)-(12S)-11,12-dihydroxy-5,7,9,14-icosatetraenoic acid. Upon incubation with rat liver glutathione S-transferase, 11,12-leukotriene A4 was converted to 11,12-leukotriene C4, a spasmogenic compound. PMID- 3169023 TI - The changing scene of radiology: value of urography as initial examination in infectious and hypertensive disease, hematuria and malignant disease. AB - Four to 20% positive findings were found in a review of 1913 excretory urographics. Possibly relevant findings were 20% in patients referred for infectious disease, 10% in hypertensive disease, 6% in hematuria and 4% in neoplasms. Urography influenced treatment mainly in the 2 groups with few positive findings. The costs for positive findings may be acceptable in patients with hematuria or suspicion of neoplasms, but are too high in the other groups. Until ultrasonography can replace intravenous urography as the first screening method in upper urinary tract disease, the patient selection for urography in infectious and hypertensive disease should be improved. PMID- 3169024 TI - Computed tomography of lethal midline granuloma. 5 case reports. AB - Five cases of lethal midline granuloma are evaluated with computed tomography. CT examination is indispensable to appreciate extension of facial lesions, and detect lymphoma often associated. PMID- 3169025 TI - Special radiologic imaging of paranasal sinuses. A prerequisite for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. AB - Endoscopic diagnosis and surgery of inflammatory diseases of the lateral nasal wall and the paranasal sinuses require a very detailed preoperative knowledge of the individual anatomical conditions and pathological changes. Pluridirectional tomography and computed tomography are used best to visualize this region. The complicated radiologic anatomy of the lateral nasal wall together with the most important anatomical variations are demonstrated and the underlying pathophysiologic principles of chronic recurrent sinusitis are discussed. PMID- 3169026 TI - Triple fine-needle biopsy of Kulchitsky cell carcinomas I, II (bronchial adenomas). AB - All bronchial adenomas (BA) or Kulchitsky cell tumours I, II, are classified by WHO as low-grade malignomas. In some cases with an established benign clinical course and stability over a period of years, the pre-operative diagnosis of a typical carcinoid (KCCI) may justify a wait-and-see approach. If surgery is indicated, local resection is feasible in place of lobectomy or pneumonectomy. In a consecutive series of thirty-two patients KCCI, II or BA were diagnosed pre operatively by fine-needle biopsies (FNB). Samples from three different sites were obtained, permitting appropriate diagnostic management and treatment. The thirty-two BA comprised 22 typical carcinoids, five atypical carcinoids, and five cylindromas. Twenty-eight patients presented with a "benign" cytohistological and/or clinical appearance. In four out of thirty-two patients, signs of malignancy with or without metastases were present. No major complication occurred. In a five-year follow-up, 25 out of 32 patients remained alive. One patient was alive but had metastases. Three out of 32 patients with cytohistologic malignant features had died of their disease. In four out of 32 patients the cause of death was not attributed to neoplastic disease. PMID- 3169027 TI - MR imaging of the spine in children. AB - MR imaging was reviewed in 66 pediatric spinal cord patients with diagnoses of posterior fossa tumor (n = 8), primary spinal cord tumor (n = 3), metastatic disease (n = 11), neuroectodermal disorder (n = 8), congenital malformation (n = 14), trauma (n = 2), and demyelinating, neurodegenerative, or metabolic disorders (n = 9). MR proved to be useful in delineating the extent of posterior fossa and cord tumor including metastasis to the cord. MR was of limited value in demyelinating and metabolic disorders. Arnold Chiari malformations, syringomyelia, tethered cord and meningoceles were all easily evaluated using MR. PMID- 3169029 TI - Colonic duplication in an adult. AB - A case of colonic duplication that was diagnosed radiologically in an adult is reported. A long duplicated segment below the normal transverse colon, with a wide anastomosis at the hepatic flexure level, was observed on barium enema. The rarity of this anomaly unassociated with other malformations is emphasized. PMID- 3169028 TI - Arthrography of the biceps tendon. AB - The purpose of this study was to analyse the factors having an influence on the arthrographic imaging of the biceps tendon. The study comprised 174 patients suffering from chronic shoulder pain. They underwent conventional shoulder arthrography with sodium meglumine metrizoate or metrizamide as a contrast medium. In the patients with a full-thickness tear of the rotator cuff, the biceps tendon sheath failed to fill with contrast medium more often than in those with an intact tendinous cuff. Metrizamide filled the biceps tendon sheath more readily than sodium meglumine metrizoate in patients with a full-thickness tear of the rotator cuff. The volume of the contrast medium injected had no influence on the imaging of the biceps tendon. PMID- 3169030 TI - Surface movements during the spreading of blood platelets. AB - When human blood platelets spread on a substratum they increase their surface area as much as 4-fold. We investigated the mechanism of spreading by light microscopy and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Contact of a platelet with a glass surface induces formation of thin extensions which spread out over the substratum. These extensions resemble the actin-containing microspikes and lammelipodia of tissue cells in culture and appear to be drawn from the peripheral cortical layer associated with the plasma membrane. If platelets are initially labeled on their external surface with cationic ferritin or lentil-conjugated gold particles and then allowed to spread, the labels are retained in the central region, or granulomere. Proteins released by the spreading platelet--fibronectin and fibrinogen--also remain in this central unspread region. Peripheral regions of spread platelet surface (hyalomere) were unlabeled following the above procedures but could be labeled with cationic ferritin or lentil-conjugated gold provided these were applied after spreading was completed. These markers are cleared with time from the periphery, moving centripetally to accumulate at the granulomere. We suggest, on the basis of these observations, that platelets spread onto a substratum by a closely similar mechanism to that used by cells such as fibroblasts. In both cases the spreading involves the peripheral actin cortex and is accompanied by a continual centripetal movement of surface components--a "membrane flow"--which continues even after spreading is completed. PMID- 3169031 TI - In vitro synthesis and processing of pre-rRNA in isolated macronuclei from Tetrahymena. AB - Macronuclei were isolated from logarithmically growing Tetrahymena cells in isoosmotic medium containing the weak detergent n-octanol and were purified in sucrose gradients. Electron microscopy revealed good structural preservation including intact nuclear envelopes. Initial rates of [3H]UTP incorporation into these nuclei were relatively high (2-4 pmol UMP/micrograms DNA per min), and 70 to 80% of transcription was resistant to alpha-amanitin, which is similar to the percentage of nuclear label associated with the nucleoli in electron microscopic autoradiograms. The use of transcription initiation inhibitors indicated that elongation of in vivo initiated pre-rRNA chains had essentially occurred in vitro. The radioactivity profiles of in vitro synthesized RNA in gels exhibit a heterogeneous pattern with the exception of a small peak corresponding to the length of pre-rRNA molecules. Detailed analysis of the extent and specificity of pre-rRNA processing was performed by RNA transfer hybridizations using cloned rDNA fragments as probes. The results show that the early processing events, i.e., splicing, 5'terminal and central cleavage of pre-rRNA, proceed faithfully, but at reduced rates and efficiencies. Furthermore, processing of pre-17S rRNA at the 3'end, and pre-26S rRNA at the 5'end, including the formation of immediate 5.8S rRNA precursors (ITS and 7S RNA), occurred. In contrast to previous in vivo results, a central hidden break was also introduced into part of nuclear 26S rRNA molecules. In addition to the known intermediates and by-products of processing, a large number of distinct fragments due to non-random cleavages of rRNA precursors appeared during in vitro incubation of macronuclei. Most prominent were two novel small RNA fragments from the 5'terminal end of pre-rRNA which may be products of alternative processing sites in the external transcribed spacer. Another small promoter-proximal RNA which is present in substantial amounts in vivo, was not formed under in vitro processing conditions, but degraded rapidly. This is further support to the notion that this RNA species may represent a product of premature transcription termination. PMID- 3169033 TI - Localization and possible function of 20 kDa actin-modulating protein (actolinkin) in the sea urchin egg. AB - We have previously described a novel actin-capping protein, a 20,000-molecular weight protein (20K protein)-actin complex (20K-A) isolated from sea urchin eggs. In the present study, the localization and possible function of this 20K protein were investigated. The 20K protein was localized in the sea urchin egg cortex. Its distribution in the cortex as revealed by immunofluorescence microscopy did not change during or after fertilization up to the first mitosis, but it was concentrated to some extent in the cleavage furrow region. Exogenously added actin polymerized on the cortex isolated from unfertilized egg; however, actin did not polymerize on the cortex extracted with 0.6 M KCl, that is, the cell membrane, which lost the 20K protein. The cell membrane preincubated with 20K-A restored the activity to grow actin filaments. When decorated with myosin subfragment 1, almost all the actin filaments showed the arrowhead configuration pointing away from the membrane, indicating that they were connected to the membrane at their barbed ends. These results strongly suggest that the 20K protein connects actin filaments to the plasma membrane of sea urchin eggs. Because of this property we call this protein "actolinkin". PMID- 3169032 TI - Binding and uptake of Col 1(I), a peptide capable of inhibiting collagen synthesis in fibroblasts. AB - Col 1(I), a collagenase-resistant segment of the amino-terminal propeptide of pro alpha 1(I) chains, is known to inhibit collagen synthesis in cultured skin fibroblasts and also in a cell-free protein synthesizing system by reducing the translation of procollagen mRNA. These findings prompted us to explore the fate of exogenous Col 1(I) in the cellular processing of human skin fibroblasts using colloidal gold labeled protein (Col 1(I)-Au). Distribution of Col 1(I)-Au on the cell surface was studied by the platinum-carbon replication technique. Three different types of binding pattern could be observed: 1) Binding sites in the form of a fibrillar network, 2) those in the form of clusters, and 3) solitary bound gold conjugates. The latter two cases were determined to be specific. The intracellular routing of Col 1(I)-Au was studied by thin sections. Specifically bound gold conjugates were found in coated pits and after the initiation of the internalization process in coated vesicles and endosomes. Acid phosphatase cytochemistry revealed that only a small amount of Col 1(I)-Au is delivered to lysosomes. The bulk of gold conjugates is present even after prolonged incubation at 37 degrees C in acid phosphatase-negative compartments of the cell. Our data suggest a mechanism in which Col 1(I) initially is bound to the cell surface and subsequently internalized via the coated pit-coated vesicle pathway. PMID- 3169034 TI - Transferrin iron interactions with cultured hepatocellular carcinoma cells (PLC/PRF/5). AB - Hepatocellular carcinoma cells of the PLC/PRF/5 cell line had 1.9 x 10(5) transferrin receptors per tumor cell with a Kd of 1.5 x 10(-8) M. At high concentrations of transferrin the binding was not saturable. Transferrin internalization by hepatoma cells was shown by time and temperature-dependent binding studies and by pronase experiments. Transferrin recycling was confirmed by the demonstration of a progressive increase in the cellular molar ratios of iron to transferrin and by chase experiments. Ammonium chloride interfered with iron unloading. The vinca alkaloid vincristine inhibited iron and transferrin uptake. The hepatocarcinoma cells appeared to lack asialoglycoprotein receptors and therefore internalized partially desialated transferrin by the regular route. Iron uptake from transferrin was markedly inhibited by the hydrophobic ferrous chelator 2,2' bipyridine but was relatively unaffected by the hydrophilic ferric chelator desferroxamine. The implication that ferrous iron was involved in postendocytic transvesicular membrane iron transport was supported by a study in which hepatoma cells were shown to take up large amounts of ferrous iron suspended in 270 mM sucrose at pH 5.5. The interaction at this pH between surface labeled hepatoma cell extracts and ferrous iron on a Sephacryl S-300 column suggested that the postendocytic transvesicular transport of iron through the membrane was in part protein mediated. The endocytosed iron in hepatoma cells was found in association with ferritin (33%), transferrin (31%) and a low molecular weight fraction (21%). PMID- 3169035 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of liver-specific proteins in pancreatic hepatocytes of rat. AB - Hepatocytes are induced in the pancreas of rats maintained first on a copper deficient diet for 8 weeks and then on normal rat chow. These cells are morphologically identical to parenchymal cells of the liver. These hepatocytes contain two liver-specific proteins: carbamyl phosphate synthetase I, a mitochondrial matrix protein that participates in the conversion of ammonia to carbamyl phosphate; and urate oxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin. In addition, we also present evidence indicating that dietary administration of ciprofibrate induces peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway enzymes, while the levels of catalase are unaltered in pancreatic hepatocytes. These observations along with the previously published results further establish the identity of pancreatic hepatocytes to parenchymal cells of liver and clearly indicate that transdifferentiation of pancreatic cells to hepatocytes is associated with activation of several liver-specific genes. PMID- 3169037 TI - Vasopressin stimulates endocytosis in kidney collecting duct principal cells. AB - In target epithelia, a vasopressin-induced water permeability increase is accompanied by the appearance of intramembranous particle (IMP) clusters, probably representing water-permeable patches, in the apical plasma membrane of responding cells. In the collecting duct principal cell, we have previously shown that these clusters are located in clathrin-coated pits. To determine whether vasopressin induces the endocytic uptake of these membrane domains in principal cells, we have examined the uptake of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) by principal cells of normal rats, vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats, and vasopressin treated Brattleboro rats, following intravenous injection of HRP. By quantitative electron microscopy, principal cells of Brattleboro homozygous rats were found to take up much less HRP into cytoplasmic vesicles than normal rats, and HRP uptake was increased to normal levels in vasopressin-treated Brattleboro rats. Many invaginating coated pits at the cell surface were loaded with HRP reaction product, indicating their participation in the observed endocytosis of HRP. We conclude that vasopressin stimulates endocytosis in collecting duct principal cells. Since we have already shown that IMP clusters are found in coated pits at the cell surface, the endocytic removal of these putative water-permeable patches from the apical membrane seems to occur via a clathrin-mediated mechanism in this tissue. PMID- 3169038 TI - Reversible changes in stress fiber expression and cell shape in regenerating rat and rabbit aortic endothelium. AB - The influence of intimal de-endothelialization on stress fiber expression in regenerating rat and rabbit aortic endothelium was studied using immunofluorescence microscopy. Rat thoracic and abdominal aortae were balloon de endothelialized, and endothelial cell shape and stress fiber expression was studied in both uninjured and de-endothelialized animals. In control animals, the majority of thoracic endothelial cells did not contain stress fibers while the majority of abdominal endothelial cells did. One week after injury, all the endothelial cells distal to the regenerating edge contained very prominent stress fibers. In areas directly adjacent to the still de-endothelialized surface, the endothelial cells had an intense, diffuse cytoplasmic staining without stress fibers. Regenerating endothelium also had a substantially higher length-to-width ratio, but smaller cell areas. Six weeks after injury, the endothelium had completely regenerated, and stress fibers were lost from the majority of the thoracic endothelial cells. Changes in abdominal aorta stress fiber expression were not as marked. In the rabbit, all the control thoracic endothelial cells had stress fibers; however, cells at the leading edge of a narrow region of de endothelialization had few stress fibers. The results suggest that stress fibers do not play a primary role in cellular migration in situ. The transient increase in stress fiber expression in the rat may result from a temporary demand for greater adhesive capabilities until the subendothelial extracellular matrix is remodeled. PMID- 3169036 TI - Vitamin A excess alters membrane flow in rat liver. AB - Pulse-chase methodology with [35S]methionine as label was employed to determine flow kinetics through the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus-(lysosome-) secretory vesicle-plasma membrane export route in livers of animals receiving vitamin A excess by gavage. Overall fraction composition determined by morphometry and by analyses of marker enzymes was unchanged by vitamin administration. The vitamin modified the pattern of flow of proteins through the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface and to lysosomes. Altered flux was evidenced by a markedly reduced rate of labeling of lysosomes and a slightly increased rate of labeling of both total membrane proteins of the plasma membrane and of a specific membrane glycoprotein GP80. Also reduced was overall labeling of the Golgi apparatus. Differences in the rate or routes of trafficking of glycoproteins through the Golgi apparatus together with altered opportunities for processing might account for some of the alterations in glycoconjugate glycosylation associated with excess vitamin A administration. PMID- 3169039 TI - Multiple and alternative adhesive responses on defined substrata of an immortalized dorsal root neuron hybrid cell line. AB - Attachment and neurite extension processes have been evaluated for an immortalized derivative cell of a rat dorsal root neuron after fusion with a mouse neuroblastoma cell (the clonal F11 hybrid cell line) and these processes compared with previous studies of neuroblastoma cells, since both cell types may be derived from the neural crest of the developing embryo. Biochemically defined substrata were provided by human plasma fibronectin (pFN), the heparan sulfate binding protein platelet factor-4 (PF4), and the ganglioside GM1-binding protein cholera toxin B subunit (CTB). While some attachment of unsupplemented cells was noted on CTB substrata, GM1 supplementation permitted F11 cells to attach as well on CTB as on pFN or PF4. On PF4, very few neurite processes were observed while on pFN two morphologically distinct types of neurites could be identified: short, linear processes in a low percentage of cells resembling those of neuroblastoma cells and long, irregular and narrow processes in a higher percentage of cells resembling those of dorsal root neurons. On CTB, neurites of the latter class were even more prominent; however, cell bodies on CTB failed to spread by cytoplasmic extension as commonly observed in F11 cells on pFN and, to some extent, on PF4. The formation of both neurite classes on either pFN or CTB was completely inhibited by low concentrations of an RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) peptide in the medium of cultures, indicating the significance of pFN's binding to cell surface integrin or ganglioside GM1's possible interaction with integrin for mediating the differentiative process. In contrast, neurite formation of neuroblastoma cells is refractile to the soluble peptide as reported previously. Neurite extensions of F11 cells on either pFN or CTB were comparably sensitive to low concentrations of cytochalasin D, revealing the mediation of microfilament reorganization in these processes. Treatment of F11 cells with cycloheximide failed to inhibit neurite extension on pFN but did partially inhibit extension on CTB; this contrasts with the very high sensitivity of neurite formation by neuroblastoma cells on CTB substrata reported previously.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3169040 TI - Photoreceptor cell development in vitro: influence of pigment epithelium conditioned medium on outer segment differentiation. PMID- 3169041 TI - Is the rate of disappearance of echo contrast from the interventricular septum a measure of left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis? AB - Although myocardial contrast echo has been used recently in human studies, no study is available at the present time which relates contrast echo findings to the degree of coronary artery stenosis. The present study is the first attempt to determine whether a quantitative relationship exists between regional myocardial echo contrast disappearance rate ('washout') and the severity of coronary artery stenosis. Manual injection of sonicated iopamidol (Iopamiro 370) into the left main coronary artery with simultaneous cross-sectional echo registration provided the myocardial echo-contrast images. From the digitized images, an echo contrast time-intensity curve was constructed for the proximal basal interventricular septum (region I) and the mid-distal portion of the interventricular septum (region II). From these curves, T50 was calculated after Fourier transformation and mono-exponential curve fitting. The percentage stenosis area (%A) of the left descending coronary artery (LAD) was calculated from routine coronary arteriograms using a computer-based system. Thirty patients (22 men, 8 women; mean age 58 +/- 10 years) were included in the study. Group I (n = 7) had normal LAD, group II (n = 18) had LAD stenosis of varying degrees. Five patients were not suitable for quantitative evaluation. A curvilinear relation was found between T50 and %A. (T50 = 3.0 x e0.01%A; r = 0.78; P less than 0.05). Patients with asynergy had significantly longer T50 (8.2 +/- 2.5 s) than did patients without asynergy (4.2 +/- 1.5 s) (P less than 0.05). All patients with greater than 75% LAD %A had prolonged T50. T50 might be useful index for studying regional myocardial perfusion during cardiac catheterization. PMID- 3169042 TI - Aetiological and prognostic correlates of site of myocardial infarction. AB - This is a study of the relationship between the site of infarction and both risk factors and in-hospital outcome in 745 consecutive patients admitted with a first myocardial infarction. Patients with anterior infarctions were significantly more likely never to have smoked than patients with inferior infarctions. They had a higher prevalence of hypertension and a higher mean cholesterol level. In hospital prognosis was worse in anterior infarctions, with significantly higher rates of death and complications. Atrioventricular blocks were more common in inferior infarctions. Non-Q-wave infarctions had a lower incidence of complications than Q-wave infarctions. There was no difference in risk factor levels between Q-wave and non-Q-wave infarctions. Anterior and inferior infarctions were of similar size. Non-Q-wave infarctions were significantly smaller. A logistic regression showed a negative relationship between in-hospital mortality and smoking, and a positive one with peak cardiac enzyme levels. Any effect of site of infarction on mortality was eliminated when corrected for these factors. Our data indicate that the adverse prognosis associated with anterior myocardial infarction is related to differences in aetiology rather than to infarction size. PMID- 3169043 TI - Acute haemodynamic effects of diltiazem in patients with recent Q-wave myocardial infarction. AB - The effects of diltiazem on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function were studied in 14 patients with a recent (12-20 days) Q-wave myocardial infarction. Left ventriculography with simultaneous recording of high-fidelity left ventricular pressure was performed in control conditions, and after i.v. administration of diltiazem (0.2 mg kg-1 as a bolus followed by constant infusion of 0.005 mg kg-1 min-1 lasting 8-10 min). After the administration of the drug, left ventricular systolic pressure decreased by 12.7% and mean circumferential wall stress by 14% (both P less than 0.01); the heart rate did not change; the ejection fraction increased by 9.6% (P less than 0.05) and maximum dP/dt/P by 11% (P less than 0.01). Quantitative segmental wall motion analysis showed that the beneficial effects of diltiazem on global left ventricular systolic function were associated with an increase in contraction in hypokinetic regions, where they were supplied by normal or diseased coronary vessels (both P less than 0.01). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure decreased by 23.6% (P less than 0.05) and minimal diastolic pressure by 38% (P less than 0.05). Passive diastolic properties of the left ventricular chamber remained unaltered but isovolumic relaxation markedly improved: the T constant decreased 26% (P less than 0.01). Thus, in patients with a recent Q-wave myocardial infarction, the i.v. administration of diltiazem unloads the left ventricular chamber without showing depressant effects on myocardial contractility. PMID- 3169044 TI - Randomized controlled trial of prophylactic antiarrhythmic therapy in patients with inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmias after recent myocardial infarction. AB - Survivors of acute myocardial infarction who had inducible sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias at programmed stimulation 1-4 weeks after infarction were recruited to a randomized pilot trial of Class I antiarrhythmic drugs, in an attempt to determine whether their mortality and risk of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation could be reduced by treatment. Of 136 eligible patients, 96 (71%) joined the trial and 47 were randomized to 'no treatment' and 49 were randomized to 'treatment' (quinidine, disopyramide or mexiletine given to attain 'therapeutic' serum levels). During follow-up, the two groups fared similarly. For the 'treatment' and 'no treatment' groups, the respective 3-year probabilities of remaining incident-free were:cardiac death, 0.91 vs 0.89; instantaneous death + non-fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmias, 0.87 vs 0.87; cardiac death + non-fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmias, 0.83 vs 0.85. The highest risk patients with inducible ventricular tachycardia fared similarly in the 'treatment' and 'no treatment' groups. The respective probabilities of remaining incident-free were: cardiac death, 0.89 vs 0.88; instantaneous death + non-fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmias, 0.79 vs 0.84; cardiac death + non-fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmias, 0.76 vs 0.77. We conclude that prophylactic Class I antiarrhythmic drug therapy with quinidine, disopyramide or mexiletine given to achieve a 'therapeutic' serum level does not appear to alter the prognosis of patients with inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmias after myocardial infarction. PMID- 3169045 TI - Excess fatigue as a precursor of myocardial infarction. AB - To test the hypothesis that feelings of exhaustion are predictive of future coronary heart disease, a prospective study was done among 3877 males, aged 39 65. Feelings of exhaustion were assessed by the Maastricht Questionnaire. Among those who were free of coronary heart disease at screening, 59 subjects experienced a fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction during the 4.2 year follow up period. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that feelings of exhaustion were predictive of future myocardial infarction when controlling simultaneously for blood pressure, smoking, cholesterol, age and the use of antihypertensive drugs. PMID- 3169047 TI - Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty for calcific aortic stenosis. A treatment 'sine cure'? AB - Twenty-five elderly patients with calcific aortic stenosis, 12 male (48%) and 13 female (52%), mean age 74.8 +/- 7.6 years, underwent percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty between March 1986 and September 1987. Twenty-two patients (88%) were in class III-IV of the New York Heart Association, 13 (52%) had a history of previous angina and 7 (28%) of syncopal attacks. All patients had been considered either unsuitable or high-risk candidates for aortic-valve replacement because of age or associated diseases. Balloons of increasing size (area ranging from 1.3 to 3.8 cm2 during inflation) were successively passed retrogradely from the femoral artery and manually inflated to 3-7 atmospheres. Inflation duration ranged from 15 to 260 s (mean 40 s). Post-dilatation there were significant changes in left ventricular peak-systolic and end-diastolic pressures (P less than 0.00001 and P less than 0.01, respectively), mean systolic aortic transvalvular gradient (from 73 to 43 mmHg, P less than 0.000001), mean systolic aortic flow (from 176 to 208 ml s-1, P less than 0.0001) and aortic valve area (from 0.47 to 0.72 cm2, P less than 0.000001). Major complications included: in-hospital deaths of two patients (8%) admitted in cardiogenic shock; left haemiplegia (4%); transient haemianopia (8%); development of grade III aortic insufficiency (4%); and persistent complete atrioventricular block (4%). Complications at the puncture-site occurred in 7 patients (28%)--including two femoral pseudoaneurysms and the need for surgical removal of a balloon remnant after rupture in one patient. No local haemorrhagic complications were observed in the latter eight procedures, performed using a 16.5 French 100-cm long arterial introducer. At a mean follow-up of 13.0 +/- 5.0 months, an important functional improvement persisted in 14 patients (56%), no major changes in pre-valvuloplasty symptoms were observed in 3 patients (12%), while five patients (20%) required surgical treatment after a successful valvuloplasty because of recurrence of symptoms (late valve restenosis). Percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty is a possible palliative therapy in elderly patients with calcific aortic stenosis. However, its inherent immediate risk, limited haemodynamic result and the possible development of valve restenosis at medium-term follow-up, suggest that the application of this technique should be limited to poor surgical candidates. PMID- 3169046 TI - Relationships between heart rate, exercise tolerance and cardiac output in atrial fibrillation: the effects of treatment with digoxin, verapamil and diltiazem. AB - Six patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) took single doses of digoxin, verapamil and diltiazem, alone and in combination. Three hours after dosing, resting and post-exercise heart rate, exercise tolerance and resting and post exercise cardiac output were measured. Post-exercise heart rates ranged from 167 bpm (after placebo) to 122 bpm (after digoxin plus diltiazem) (P less than 0.05). However, the lower ventricular rates seen after treatment with the calcium antagonists were not associated with improved exercise tolerance, which did not differ significantly between the various treatments. Reduction of the ventricular rate was associated with a small increase in stroke volume but the benefits of this were offset by a rate related reduction in cardiac output. Further reduction of the rapid ventricular rates seen in digitalized patients with AF does not appear to be of benefit in terms of improving either exercise tolerance or cardiac output. PMID- 3169048 TI - Serum potassium values in relation to the use of diuretics in patients with unstable angina pectoris. AB - Transient hypokalaemia may occur in acutely ill patients and is associated with an increased incidence of life-threatening arrhythmias. Therefore, we performed a retrospective analysis of the serum potassium values of 538 patients with unstable angina included in the Holland Interuniversity Nifedipine/metoprolol Trial in relation to the use of diuretics. On admission, 113 of these patients used diuretics. Potassium sparing diuretics had been used in 65 patients (group A) and non-potassium sparing diuretics in 48 patients (group B). From the 425 patients not on diuretics a random sample of 56 (group C) was drawn. Blood samples were taken routinely on admission to the coronary care unit. The serum potassium values found for group A, B and C were 3.77 +/- 0.55, 3.44 +/- 0.69 and 4.14 +/- 0.48, respectively, and the prevalence of hypokalaemia (less than 3.6 mmol) 40, 65 and 14% respectively. Rate ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] for hypokalaemia when compared to group C was 2.6 (1.2-5.6) for group A and 4.9 (2.4 10.1) for group B. The prevalence of hypokalaemia was higher for women than for men (rate ratio, 95% CI: 1.4, 0.9-2.2). Patients already on beta-blocker therapy showed a 10% lower prevalence of hypokalaemia (rate ratio, 95% CI: 0.7, 0.5-1.1). These data were compared with serum potassium values of 104 patients with stable angina, who reported to the outpatient clinic. These patients were also divided into three groups according to the use of diuretics. Only in 15% of the patients using non-potassium sparing diuretics was hypokalaemia observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3169049 TI - Haemodynamic effects of amrinone in the anaesthetized pig. AB - The vasodilator and inotropic actions of amrinone were investigated in mini-pigs under pentobarbitone anaesthesia. Left ventricular volume was determined angiocardiographically under afterload and isovolumetric conditions. Furthermore, aortic flow, left ventricular pressure and aortic pressure were measured. In some of the animals, the beta-adrenergic receptors were blocked with propranolol prior to the administration of amrinone. Without blockade of the beta-receptors, amrinone (2 mg kg-1) caused a significant reduction in mean aortic pressure. Due to less end-diastolic ventricular filling, stroke volume decreased, and thus ejection fraction remained constant. Since heart rate increased under amrinone, cardiac output remained constant. At the same time, the maximum rate of pressure rise increased, despite less end-diastolic ventricular filling. After blockade of the beta-adrenergic receptors, aortic pressure, end-diastolic ventricular filling, and stroke volume also decreased with amrinone. In contrast, heart rate remained practically constant, so that cardiac output declined. The maximum rate of pressure rise also declined due to less end-diastolic ventricular filling. It can be concluded from these results that, in situ, the primary action of amrinone occurs on vascular smooth muscle and that a positive inotropic activity with a normal dosage of amrinone is only an indirect outcome of reflex activation of the sympathetic system. Analysis of isovolumetric mechanograms and the ejection phase does not indicate a direct positive inotropic effect of amrinone. In the failing heart, however, beneficial effects can be expected, since the maxima curves follow a flatter course. Thus a reduction in afterload can lead to a significant increase in stroke volume, provided that aortic pressure does not fall below the critical coronary perfusion pressure. PMID- 3169050 TI - Myocardial hydatid cyst ruptured into the pericardium: cross-sectional echocardiographic study and surgical treatment. AB - We describe a patient with a large intramyocardial hydatid cyst lying in the postero-lateral segment of the left ventricle near the atrioventricular groove level which ruptured into the pericardial sac, resulting in cardiac tamponade. Cross-sectional echocardiographic examination from a modified four-chamber apical view showed the multiloculated cyst and the breach connecting it to the pericardial sac, allowing for the definitive diagnosis and indication for emergency cardiac surgery. The risks of pericardiocentesis and invasive diagnostic procedures could thus be avoided. PMID- 3169051 TI - Symposium of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Drug Therapy in Cardiology. New aspects of therapy in heart failure. 18-20 June 1987, Wurzburg, F.R.G. PMID- 3169052 TI - Use of the cardiopulmonary exercise test to evaluate the patient with chronic heart failure. AB - Isotonic exercise testing imposes a physiological stress on the cardiopulmonary unit. Accordingly, monitoring of oxygen, carbon dioxide and air flow during an exercise test (i.e. a cardiopulmonary exercise test) can be used to assess heart function in patients with chronic heart failure. Specifically, an incremental treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test represents a non-invasive means to determine aerobic capacity, or maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max ml min-1 kg-1), and anaerobic threshold (AT, ml min-1 kg-1). These objective measures of cardiopulmonary function are then used to grade the severity of failure and the functional capacity of the patient. In addition, they may be used to predict the cardiac reserve, or maximal cardiac index (CImax, l min-1 m-2) during exercise. That is, the severity is considered to be mild (class A) when AT greater than 14 or VO2max greater than 20, mild to moderate (class B) when AT falls between 11 and 14 or VO2max between 16 and 20, moderate to severe (class C) when AT ranges between 8 and 11 or VO2max between 10 and 16, and severe (class D) when AT less than 8 or VO2max less than 10. The predicted CImax for classes A, B, C and D are greater than 8, 6-8, 4-6 and less than 4, respectively. Finally, a major objective of medical therapy in patients with heart failure is to improve cardiac output and oxygen delivery to working skeletal muscle and thereby enhance effort tolerance. This therapeutic endpoint can be gauged by cardiopulmonary exercise testing from the response in AT and VO2max. PMID- 3169053 TI - Gallium scintigraphy in patients with adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma. AB - Gallium scintigraphy was evaluated in 25 patients with adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL). Anterior and posterior images were obtained at 72 h after administration of 3 mCi 67Ga-citrate using a gamma camera (Maxi-Camera 400 T, General Electric Co.) with a medium energy standard parallel hole collimator. Abnormally high accumulations were observed in 17 out of 25 cases (superficial lymph node, 8; hilar and mediastinal lymph node, 7; paraaortic lymph node, 2; lung, 9; liver, 1; bone, 1). There were 10 malignant lesions detected by 67Ga scintigraphy in 9 out of 17 cases (superficial lymph node, 1; hilar and mediastinal lymph node, 6; paraaortic lymph node, 1; liver, 1; bone, 1). White blood cell count and serum LDH levels were raised in patients with abnormally high accumulations of 67Ga. In conclusion, 67Ga scintigraphy seemed to be a useful examination to detect malignant lesions in patients with ATLL. PMID- 3169054 TI - Early prediction of hypothyroidism following 131I treatment for Graves' disease. AB - The aim of this study was twofold. Firstly to assess the post treatment predictive value of various biochemical and immunological tests for early hypothyroidism after 131I therapy for Graves' disease, and secondly to determine whether or not pretreatment with Carbimazole protects against post treatment hypothyroidism. The early changes observed in serum T3, T4, TSH, thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antibody levels were found to be of no predictive value. A sharp rise, around 2 months, in TRAb levels following 131I therapy indicated that hypothyroidism was likely to occur. This rise was thought to reflect a greater degree of thyroid damage. Lower levels of thyroglobulin in patients who had become hypothyroid by 12 months after treatment would support this view. Five weeks Carbimazole pretreatment in this relatively small group of patients did not appear to protect against hypothyroidism. PMID- 3169055 TI - Quantitative aspect of two-factor analysis applied to radionuclide gated cardiac studies. AB - The quantitative aspect of two factor analysis (TFA) applied to radionuclide gated cardiac studies was investigated using clinical data and a computer based simulation method. In the clinical investigation, the ejection fraction (EF) calculated from the extracted ventricular pattern (EVP) significantly correlated with the left ventricular EF(LVEF) determined from multiple gated cardiac blood pool scans (MUGA), while the regression line deviated considerably from the line of identity. The contribution of the EVP(CEVP) to the total information inversely correlated significantly with the LVEF. In the computer simulation, a model simulating the atrial, ventricular, and background regions was studied. In the case with no statistical noise and constant background, the EF calculated from the EVP was nearly equal to the true EF, and the CEVP decreased as the EF increased. The statistical noise increased the EF and decreased the CEVP, this tendency was most marked when the true EF was less than about 50%. When background varied largely with time, the quantitative aspect deteriorated considerably. In conclusion, the clinical investigation results suggest that TFA has some possible use in quantitative analysis, however, the stimulation results suggest that it should be used carefully because its quantitative aspect is affected by various factors. PMID- 3169056 TI - Repeated quantitative bone scintigraphy in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated with orchiectomy. AB - Bone scintigraphy was performed in 16 men with newly diagnosed prostatic carcinoma before orchiectomy as well as 2 weeks and 2 months after operation. The uptake in the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae was registered up to 240 min after injection of 99mTc-MDP and was then calculated for each patient and vertebra. The relative standard deviation in measured uptake due to measuring technique was estimated to be +/- 7%. In eight patients, who had normal bone scintigraphies before orchiectomy, there were no changes in the uptake values after operation. The remaining eight patients had widespread metastatic involvement prior to treatment. Six of these patients showed a so called "flare phenomenon" in the abnormal vertebrae which means an initial increase in uptake after operation followed by a decreased uptake in response to therapy. One patient had a continuously increased uptake in all the abnormal vertebrae which correlated well with the clinical progression of the disease, while in another patient both reactions were seen. Thus, repeated quantitative bone scintigraphies using 99mTc-MDP can be made in a reproducible way and can be a useful tool to follow a patient's response to treatment. PMID- 3169057 TI - Unusual bone scintigraphy in chronic myelogenous leukemia--report of a case showing extensive uptake defect. AB - An extensive 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate uptake defect was observed on bone scintigraphy in a 35-year-old male with chronic myelogenous leukemia. This type of bone scintigraphy pattern is quite unusual in leukemic patients and we speculate that acute disturbance of blood supply to the bone marrow was probably the cause. PMID- 3169058 TI - Scintigraphic images of Swyer-James syndrome. AB - The Swyer-James Syndrome, first described in 1953, is a rare entity which consists of severe oligemia of one or more pulmonary lobes accompanied with bronchial deformation. Recurrent bronchial infections in childhood are believed to be the cause, leading to obliteration of small airways, alveolar overdistension and, ultimately, the destructive changes characteristic of emphysema. Secondary vascular alterations occur resulting in oligemia of the afflicted lobe. The clinical presentation is variable ranging from the totally asymptomatic patient to dyspnea on exertion or recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. The physical examination may reveal hyperresonance over the affected area, restricted chest expansion on one side, or occasionally rales on auscultation. Radiological findings are characteristic and include a pronounced one sided hyperlucency of the lung (due to oligemia), a mediastinal shift toward the affected side on inspiration, a small ipsilateral hilus, and bronchial deformities as disclosed by bronchography. Another radiologic feature, described as a "sine quanon" condition for diagnosis by Fraser and Pare is the development of air trapping during expiration. Various diagnostic modalities including roentgenography, bronchoscopy, bronchography, angiography and radionuclide imaging are necessary to obtain the diagnosis. PMID- 3169059 TI - Treatment with an i.v. calcium overload blocker (flunarizine) in acute stroke. A pilot study. AB - In an open pilot study 55 patients suffering from acute stroke were treated with Flunarizine, a calcium overload blocker, in addition to standard therapy including diet, physiotherapy, adequate management of accompanying disorders, and hemodilution. The initial high-dose i.v. treatment (2 X 25 mg Flunarizine/day) and the subsequent oral regimen were well-tolerated. The main side effect was slight transient weariness. No adverse effects regarding blood pressure, heart rate, enzymes, blood analysis, renal function and, especially, no extrapyramidal motor symptoms or depression were detected. Flunarizine may be regarded as a relatively safe drug in acute stroke. The probable beneficial effect on the patient's recovery will be evaluated in a multicenter double-blind study. PMID- 3169060 TI - Intermittently occurring right-posterior slow waves (IRP) in psychiatric patients. An electroencephalographic indicator of cerebral dysfunction. AB - Intermittent right-posterior accentuated slow waves (irregular theta and/or delta waves: IRP phenomenon) in the EEG showed an incidence of about 5% in the total in patients of a psychiatric university hospital. The IRP phenomenon was found in 7.5% of patients with schizophrenic psychoses, 2% of patients with affective psychoses and in 2.4% of patients with neurotic and personality disorders. The IRP groups differed from control groups in a number of sociobiographical and clinical characteristics. Having repeatedly confirmed these relationships with different samples, we regard IRP patients, irrespective of the diagnosis given, as having a maturational deficit of brain function. PMID- 3169061 TI - Long-term course of schizoaffective disorders. Part I: Definitions, methods, frequency of episodes and cycles. AB - The present study (Cologne study) investigated the long-term course (means = 25.6 years, minimum 10, maximum 59 years) of 72 schizoaffective patients. The diagnosis was based on the longitudinal approach. All patients were interviewed personally, using the Present State Examination and a pool of questions based on some instruments of the WHO (DAS, PIRS, etc.). The course was found to be usually polyphasic (more than 3 episodes) and only exceptionally monophasic (1 episode). For the purposes of statistical analysis an episode was considered in terms of time between the beginning and ending of inpatient or inpatient-like treatment. The number of episodes and cycles were found to be independent from premorbid and sociodemographic variables. But a significant relation was found between number of episodes (and cycles) and (a) polarity of the affective symptomatology, (b) presence of psychotic productive symptoms, (c) polymorphous course, (d) age at onset, and (e) duration of activity of the illness. It can be said that schizoaffective disorders are recurrent whereby the frequency of relapses is higher in bipolar than in unipolar types. PMID- 3169063 TI - Long-term course of schizoaffective disorders. Part III: Onset, type of episodes and syndrome shift, precipitating factors, suicidality, seasonality, inactivity of illness, and outcome. AB - In addition to the findings presented previously, one-half of the 72 investigated schizoaffective patients had an acute onset. Onset of manic symptomatology was found to be usually acute. Although precipitating factors were found in 76% of the patients, this was found for only one-third of the 397 episodes. In spite of the fact that the majority of patients (61%) had a polymorphous course (with more than one type of episode), the pure schizophrenic or pure affective syndromes only seldomly dominated the course, as schizoaffectivity score and syndrome presence index showed. Some 81% of the patients had delusions or hallucinations but only 37% of the individual episodes; 65% of the patients had suicidal symptomatology (24% of the episodes, mainly the schizodepressive ones). No seasonality was found, and 50% of the patients had a favorable outcome, only 6% ended in severe residuum. In old age the illness usually became inactive. PMID- 3169062 TI - Long-term course of schizoaffective disorders. Part II: Length of cycles, episodes, and intervals. AB - Length of cycles, intervals, and episodes of 72 schizoaffective patients were investigated (duration of the follow-up means = 25.6 years, minimum 10, maximum 59 years). The average cycle length (time between beginning of an episode and next relapse) was found to be 37.5 months (median). Patients with a schizodepressive initial episode, unipolar course, and without precipitating factors relapsed much later than patients with schizomanic onset, bipolar course, and precipitating factors. The older the patient at onset the shorter the first cycle. The length of cycle decreased with increasing cycle number. Patients with schizodepressive onset, asthenic personality, and monomorphous course stayed in hospital longer or needed longer inpatient-like treatment than others. Length of cycles and intervals were characterized by an extraordinary intraindividual and interindividual variation. PMID- 3169064 TI - Timing of aneurysm surgery. Comparison of results of early and delayed surgical intervention. AB - In a retrospective study covering a period of 8 years and 403 surgically treated patients the results of microsurgical aneurysm treatment were compared between two groups. One group received surgical treatment within 72 h and the second were treated surgically after this time interval. The data indicated that patients receiving delayed surgery had a better outcome at 6 months as compared to patients receiving immediate surgical intervention. The location of the aneurysm and the preoperative neurological status imparted the most significant impact on the subsequent outcome and on the incidence of rebleeding. High risk patients with poor neurological status on admission seemed to have a considerable chance of gaining satisfactory functional recovery, especially with a more delayed surgical approach. Despite its superior results delayed surgery was burdened with a rebleeding rate and an incidence of ischemic deficits due to cerebral vasospasm twice as high as in patients receiving early surgery. The implications of these results on surgical timing are discussed and it is concluded that despite the fact that late surgery yields better results than early surgery, the considerable reduction of recurrent hemorrhage and additional possibility of aggressive treatment of incipient vasospasm makes early surgery a promising alternative for the treatment of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 3169065 TI - Combined brachial root and plexus lesions--typical sequelae of motor-bike accidents. AB - A total of 20 patients with severe post-traumatic arm paralysis was examined using electromyography and sensory neurography to evaluate the type and localization of the lesion; 19 patients had been involved in a motor-bike accident. In more than 80% the brachial roots were involved. In 65% a combined radicular and plexus lesion was found. The poor prognosis of these injuries indicates the need for additional protective devices. PMID- 3169067 TI - Excised human neoplastic tissues are more sensitive to heat than the adjacent normal tissues. AB - In tissues from patients subjected to gastrectomy or colectomy, the heat sensitivity was determined in the case of 23 neoplastic, 15 gastric, 8 colorectal, and the adjacent normal tissues, using the in vitro succinate dehydrogenase inhibition test. The succinate dehydrogenase (SD) activity of tissue fragments was assayed, following exposure to heat at 43 degrees C (heat treatment) or 37 degrees C (control) for 5, 10, 15 or 20 h. The sensitivity to heat treatment was estimated by the percentage of SD activity of the heat-treated cells, compared to that of control cells. The decrease in SD activity varied in the tumor tissue, following exposure to heat. The SD activity decreased to a greater extent in the tumor tissue than in the adjacent normal tissue, in each case. The mean +/- standard deviation of SD activity, following exposure to heat treatment for 20 h, was 32.1 +/- 14.0% for the tumour tissues and 52.4 +/- 10.4% for the adjacent normal tissues, with a statistically significant difference (p less than 0.01). These results show that the assay of heat sensitivity is meaningful for prediciting the effectiveness of hyperthermia and that hyperthermia has a selectivity for treating a malignant lesion. PMID- 3169066 TI - Effect of musical modelling on late auditory evoked potentials. AB - Late auditory evoked potentials were recorded in four subjects during musical tasks. A PDP 12 computer synchronized stimuli, which were produced by an integrated circuit, and recording with the help of a quartz time basis. The content of each experiment was different modelling of an ambiguous identical acoustic stimulus. In experiment 1, subjects had to model a 6-note melody according to the classic metric foot. In experiment 2, segmentation of an 8-note melody into 5- and 3- versus 3- and 5-tone motifs had to be performed. In experiment 1 an intra-individually reliable, but inter-individually variable neurophysiological correlate was detected during the heavy tone: (1) positivity, (2) negativity, (3) alpha blocking and (4) DC shift. Experiment 2 yielded an intra- and inter-individually reliable positive DC shift of about 4 microV between the two motifs. Myogenic, ocular, dermal, respiratory or electrocardiographic artefacts were excluded in each case. The results indicate that conclusions from evoked potentials to musical perception might be possible and that possible modelling mechanisms with subsequent undesirable influence on recordings have to be considered in any kind of evoked potential experimental design. PMID- 3169068 TI - Liver lactate uptake in correcting of hemorrhagic shock with crystalloid, colloid, or whole blood. AB - A controversy still exists on whether the liver changes to a lactate producer during hemorrhagic shock. Considerable disagreement has been reported on the question whether crystalloids or colloids should be used when treating hemorrhagic shock. The present study tries to clarify both questions, using an animal shock model. Severe arterial hypotension after hemorrhage in pigs was corrected with infusion of blood or a crystalloid or a colloid solution. The liver did not seem to produce lactate at any stage of the shock level, but during early retransfusion it changed transiently to a lactate producer. Later during the resuscitation period, the correction of arterial hypotension seemed to be unstable and the correction of acidosis incomplete after crystalloid infusion compared to transfusion or colloid substitution. PMID- 3169069 TI - Influence of hip flexion on the course of the ureter. Ureteroscopic implications. AB - Early experience with the rigid ureteroscopy has identified two regions of the ureter that can be difficult to negotiate, the first at the vesicoureteric junction and the second anterior to the iliac bifurcation. Placing the patient in varying degrees of lithotomy has been proposed to overcome these problems. In this study the effects of these alterations of hip flexion on the course of the ureter have been studied by radiographs in patients undergoing ureteroscopy. The lower ureter was demonstrated to possess two curves, an upper curve at the iliac bifurcation which straightens with increasing degrees of lithotomy and a lower vesical curve in the pelvis which is unaltered by patient position. These findings and their clinical significance are described. PMID- 3169070 TI - Complications following vasectomy. A comparison between Mersilene and autosuture surgiclips. AB - Comparison of the use of autosuture surgiclips and Mersilene for occlusion of the vas deferens showed a significantly lower number of complications, such as local infections, granuloma and fistula, within a month following vasectomy, when autosuture surgiclips were used (0.005 less than p less than 0.01). After 6 months practically no reactions could be demonstrated in both groups. The development of fistula occurred only when Mersilene was used. This may have consequences for morbidity, but probably has no influence on the performance of vaso-vasostomy later on. PMID- 3169071 TI - Surgical repair of varicocele: effective treatment for subfertile men in a controlled study. AB - We performed a comparative study to evaluate the efficacy of surgical repair of varicoceles in improving fertility. A group of 224 subfertile men with varicoceles was divided into 141 patients who had their varicoceles surgically corrected and 83 who had not. A significant improvement in sperm density and percentage of progressive motile sperm was noted in the corrected group (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05). Pregnancy rate was also higher in the corrected group (p less than 0.05). From this controlled study we conclude that the repair of a varicocele increases the chance of fertilization. PMID- 3169072 TI - The Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome. Report of 5 cases. AB - Five cases of uterus didelphys, unilateral imperforate vagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis are reported with a follow-up from 1 to 5 years. Diagnosis included typical revelation at puberty (2 cases) but also in the first months of life (2 cases). One case was only diagnosed at the age of 6 years, and the presence of an ectopic ureter was noted in the imperforate vagina. The authors point out the necessity of precise evaluation and careful management in order to maintain an intact reproductory tract. Simple excision of the septum is recommended which can most of the time be done by the vaginal approach. PMID- 3169074 TI - Neourothelium in bladder augmentation. An experimental study in rats. AB - Experimental surgery in 7 rats was used to investigate the possibility of trigonal urothelium overgrowth into a segment of bowel which had its own mucosa removed. After subtotal cystectomy the intestinal mucosa from the cecum was completely stripped away, and the cecum was then anastomosed to the remainder of the bladder. Urothelial overgrowth of the bowel surface was evident one (3 animals) and two months (4 animals) after the initial procedure. PMID- 3169073 TI - Influence of calcium content in mineral water on chemistry and crystallization conditions in urine of calcium stone formers. AB - 19 idiopathic recurrent calcium stone formers were examined on a constant diet supplemented with mineral water of high (386 mg/l) and low (10 mg/l) calcium content. The effects of calcium and oxalate loading were studied separately. Ingestion of mineral water with high calcium content lead to an increase of urinary calcium and a decrease of urinary oxalate compared to mineral water with low calcium content. On the calcium-rich mineral water, urinary saturation with Whewellite was lower and it hardly reached the critical level for calcium oxalate crystallization after oxalate loading, which was in contrast to the results on low calcium mineral water. Urinary Brushite saturation was generally low and showed no significant differences between the two mineral waters. PMID- 3169076 TI - Extracorporeal lithotripsy in patients with hemophilia. AB - Two hemophiliac patients with nephrolithiasis were treated with extracorporeal lithotripsy. Both patients were followed up by the 2nd Hemophilia Center of Athens. One is registered as severe hemophilia A and the other one suffers from hemophilia B. With the cooperation of the specialized center they were prepared as for a major operation by administration of substitution therapy. The least possible number of shock waves at low voltage was administered in order to minimize renal damage. Both patients had an uneventful postoperative course. PMID- 3169075 TI - Inverted urothelial papilloma: a lesion with malignant potential. AB - Two cases of inverted urothelial papilloma are presented. In the first case the inverted papilloma was in the ureter and varying degrees of cellular atypia were demonstrated on histology: 7 years later, a single bladder lesion consisting of papillary transitional cell carcinoma and inverted papilloma developed in the same patient. In the second case a bladder tumor consisting of inverted papilloma mixed with papillary infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma was detected. The peculiar morphological findings, histogenesis and biological behavior of inverted urothelial lesions are discussed. PMID- 3169077 TI - Exposure of T-cryptantigen on red blood cells in a patient with angiomyolipoma. AB - A case of angiomyolipoma with cryptantigen exposure on the red blood cells is described. The exposed cryptanigen was classified with lectins as T polyagglutination. This is the first case described of T-cryptantigen exposure associated with angiomyolipoma. PMID- 3169078 TI - Combined therapy of staghorn calculi with ureteroscopy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Experience with 10 cases. AB - We report our experience with 10 cases of staghorn calculi treated by combination therapy with ureteroscopy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The ultrasonic disintegration technique is described. The procedure, followed by ESWL, may in our opinion become an optimal method for the combination treatment of complex calculi. PMID- 3169079 TI - Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with previous renal surgery. AB - Although safe and effective, nephrolithotomy sometimes is difficult. 224 patients have undergone percutaneous stone extraction surgery. Two groups were established according to previous open renal surgery. 79 patients had had previous surgery and 145 patients were initially treated by percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Bleeding and operative time, i.e. puncture of the kidney, dilation of the tract and lithotripsy were greater in the group with previous renal surgery. However, no statistical difference was verified. In conclusion, percutaneous lithotripsy is a safe and effective method with minimal morbidity even in patients with previous renal surgery. PMID- 3169081 TI - Prevention of renal stones by a high fluid intake? AB - From the physiochemical view on the formation of urolithiasis a high fluid intake, provided it resulted in a high urine volume, should reduce the propensity of crystallization, crystal growth and stone formation. This critical review of the literature, however, demonstrates that there is little epidemiologic support for the hypothesis that a low urine volume is an important risk factor for renal stones in temperate climates. Few clinical studies have attempted to elucidate if a large diuresis can prevent further stone formation in a recurrent renal stone former. In the present study 115 recurrent stone formers were followed for an average period of 6 years without any other treatment than advice about a high fluid intake. The annual recurrence rate was around 23% but there was no difference between those who maintained a high urine volume and those who did not. Thus, the available evidence does not indicate that variations of fluid intake markedly affect stone formation. PMID- 3169080 TI - Correlation between history and urodynamics in neurologically normal incontinent women. AB - We compared the history of 100 consecutive women complaining of incontinence with their urodynamic findings. The real urodynamic situation proved unpredictable on the basis of the medical history. A good correlation between history and urodynamics was found in 80% of the women complaining of stress incontinence. The importance of a uroflowmetry to screen voiding difficulties in all patients is demonstrated. To get to a proper diagnosis in most women complaining of incontinence, technical urodynamic investigation seems mandatory. PMID- 3169082 TI - Radioimmunotherapy of xenografted human bladder cancer using monoclonal antibody against blood group A-related antigen. AB - An IgG3 murine monoclonal antibody 1G3.10 was generated against a human urinary bladder carcinoma cell line TSGH-8301. The tumor-associated antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody is a blood group A-related substance. From fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis, a direct cytolytic effect of tumor cells by the antibody at concentrations of more than 10 micrograms/ml was seen. The antibody could target iodine-131 to established subcutaneous human bladder carcinoma xenografts in BALB/c nude mice. Monoclonal antibody alone also showed some inhibitory effect on xenografted tumor growth. In this study, radiolabeled monoclonal antibody 1G3.10 presented more effective cytotoxicity than antibody alone from in vitro and in vivo experiments. PMID- 3169083 TI - Effect of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) on spermatogenesis of infertile oligospermic patients. AB - The effect of the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) on spermatogenesis in infertile oligospermic patients has been studied. Diclofenac sodium was given orally at a daily dose of 100 mg for 30 days. Seminal fluid parameters were evaluated. Group II with high levels of seminal prostaglandin showed a statistically significant increase in the number and motility of spermatozoa (p less than 0.01), whilst no significant variations were observed in patients of group I with normal values of seminal prostaglandin. PMID- 3169085 TI - Pediatric blunt renal trauma--surgical or conservative treatment? AB - To evaluate the indications for conservative and surgical treatment, we analyzed the type of injury, associated injuries, diagnostic procedures and the results of therapy. Contusions were treated conservatively. In the 24 severe injuries surgery rate was 66% (16/24), renal loss rate was 16% (4/24), the other organs being saved by the operation. With primarily conservative treatment we had to operate in 1 case only due to recurrent hematuria; the renal loss rate was 0%. As indications for surgical treatment we defined: (1) deteriorating vital signs, (2) pedicle injuries and (3) large extravasations of contrast medium. PMID- 3169084 TI - Karyotype analysis and marker chromosomes of renal cell carcinoma. AB - Karyotyping was performed in 46 human renal cell carcinomas of various histological grades. Controls included chromosome analysis of normal renal parenchymal cells from the same patients. Various numerical chromosome aberrations were found as well as marker chromosomes. They are specific of the individual tumor but no single marker was identified occurring in all tumors tested. Only trisomy 3 was found in different tumors (31%), suggesting a more general character of this aberration. Histological dedifferentiation and large tumor size correlate with focusing of the karyotype towards distinct chromosomal modes indicative of distinct tumor cell subclones within these tumors. Their rapid growth, reflecting biological aggressiveness, is most probably responsible for the patients' poor prognosis. PMID- 3169086 TI - Acute urine retention in a child due to fibromatosis of the prostate. AB - The authors describe an 11-month-old boy with acute urine retention due to fibromatosis. Cystoscopic examination revealed no abnormalities in the bladder but intraurethrally there was an impression of the lobi prostate. Repeated transurethral and transperineal biopsies showed proliferation of randomly arranged spindle cells in a loose collagenous matrix. Mitotic figures were scarce. Fibrous proliferations of the prostate and bladder are rare. The fibromatoses constitute a group of nonmetastasizing fibrous growths which tend to invade surrounding tissues. They show a wide range in histological appearance and biological behavior, varying from spontaneous regression to aggressive and destructive local growth. As in our case the histopathological diagnosis was fibromatosis without any further specification, it was impossible to predict the behavior of the process. For this reason, a wait-and-see policy was adopted: after a very short period of time, the tumor regressed spontaneously. PMID- 3169087 TI - Sarcomatous carcinoma of the kidney presenting as spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Report of a case with immunocytochemical study. AB - A case of spontaneous perinephric hematoma due to a renal cell sarcomatous carcinoma in a 46-year-old woman is reported. Immunocytochemical analysis for the intermediate-sized filament proteins allowed a specific diagnosis of pseudosarcomatous renal carcinoma. Clinical, radiographic, sonographic and CT findings of spontaneous perinephric hematoma are discussed and the therapeutical modalities are briefly outlined. PMID- 3169088 TI - Fate of nonneurogenic neurogenic bladder--end-stage renal failure. AB - The nonneurogenic neurogenic bladder syndrome which actually comprises a large spectrum of clinical radiological, psychological and behavioral disorders, is manifested by bladder-sphincter incoordination and constitutes a very complex problem of overall management. The condition refers to infravesical functional obstruction in children in whom no anatomic or neurological defect is demonstrated. Although the etiologic bases are often unclear, successful management of urinary infection and reflux and prevention of upper tract deterioration are achievable by multidisciplinary conservative measures, sometimes reinforced by ureteric reimplantation. End-stage renal failure due to this syndrome is a rare complication. The presented case demonstrates well all the clinical features of this syndrome, which unfortunately ended in hemodialysis. PMID- 3169089 TI - Renal cell carcinoma with malakoplakia. AB - We report a case of an elderly female with a history of long-standing urinary tract infection, who developed sudden macroscopic hematuria. A renal clear-cell carcinoma with diffuse pyelonephritis and malakoplakia was discovered at nephrectomy. This is the first neoplasia of the kidney associated with malakoplakia ever published. PMID- 3169090 TI - The isolation and characterization of cisplatin-resistant rat ovarian cancer cells. AB - A rat ovarian cancer cell subline (Cis-Ptr), which became approximately 20-fold resistant to cisplatin, was developed after continuous exposure of the cisplatin sensitive parent cell line (ROT68/C1) to increasing doses of the drug in vitro. Both the ROT68/C1 and Cis-Ptr cells were tumorigenic in isologous (Sprague-Dawley strain) newborn rats and only the tumors developed by inoculation of Cis-Ptr cells showed resistance to cisplatin in vivo. Resistance towards cisplatin was accompanied by phenotypic changes of the undifferentiated adenocarcinoma cells including enlargement of the cell and nucleus and a slower growth rate both in vitro and in vivo. Compared to the ROT68/C1 cells, the Cis-Ptr showed an early recovery of DNA synthetic activity after exposure to cisplatin. Cross-resistance of the Cis-Ptr cells was found only to a cisplatin analog, carboplatin. These results suggest that our cisplatin resistant rat ovarian cancer cells are useful in the investigation of the characteristics and mechanisms of cisplatin resistance. PMID- 3169091 TI - An evaluation of the SCM test for the diagnosis of cancer of the breast. AB - The SCM test (structuredness of the cytoplasmic matrix) consists of measuring the fluorescence polarization of fluorescein which is introduced into a particular sub-group of peripheral lymphocytes. The test has a non-specific part for the general detection of cancer and a specificity procedure which is based on the use of specific cancer extracts. In this article we deal only with the latter in relation to breast cancer. Blood samples from 94 patients have been tested; six of these had mastectomy performed previously; 83 underwent consecutively a surgical procedure and histology was obtained; five were only clinically examined. In 45/49 (92%) patients, correlation between a positive specificity test and tissue malignancy was found. Out of 35 patients with non-malignant proliferative lesions (as found by histology), 25 reacted positively in the test. Two out of five patients with non-malignant, non-proliferative lesions reacted positively in the test. Five patients who were defined as normals by clinical examination reacted negatively in the test. These results indicate the potential of the SCM test for detecting breast malignancy. The clinical implications of the test for cancer diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 3169092 TI - Cell kinetics of human brain tumors: in vivo study with bromodeoxyuridine and flow cytometry. AB - Bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR) is a thymidine analog which is incorporated into the DNA of proliferating cells. Since the dose of BUDR needed to label cells is not toxic, cell labelling can be accomplished in vivo, by infusing the substance in patients. A monoclonal antibody against BUDR is then used to identify BUDR labelled cells. The same cell population can also be stained for DNA content with propidium iodide (PI). Using bivariate flow cytometry (FCM) for measurements, both the percentage of BUDR-labelled cells and their total DNA content can be evaluated. This technique allows one to obtain the labelling index (LI) and the DNA synthesis time (TS). The potential doubling time (Tpot) and the fractional turnover rate (FTR) can be mathematically derived, so that a complete picture of tumor growth can be obtained. Our aim was to ascertain whether this method is clinically applicable and whether the kinetic values obtained are reliable. We studied 22 patients with benign and malignant brain tumors, and observed no immediate toxicity from BUDR administration. The BUDRLI obtained ranged from 0.9% to 3.9% (median: 2.0%) in meningiomas and from 3.8% to 7.6% (median: 6.3%) in malignant gliomas (P less than 0.01). The fraction of S-phase cells determined with the BUDR FCM technique was statistically similar to that found by single DNA flow cytometric analysis performed on duplicate samples of both benign and malignant brain tumors. The TS obtained in malignant gliomas ranged from 10.5 to 227 h (median: 12.8). The calculated Tpot ranged from 7.6 to 26.8 days (median: 11.6), and the calculated FTR ranged from 3.7 to 13.1 cells/100 cells/day (median: 8.8). These data suggest that in vivo BUDR infusion coupled with FCM can be performed in clinical settings, and it is reliable and can easily be used for kinetic studies in clinical trials aimed at evaluating the prognostic relevance of proliferative parameters and in planning tumor treatment. PMID- 3169093 TI - Multivariate analysis in solitary cold thyroid nodules for the diagnosis of malignancy. AB - A stepwise logistic regression (SLR) was performed on 162 patients with a solitary and cold thyroid nodule in order to discriminate between malignant and benign lesions. Sixteen variables were recorded for each patient. The predictions of the logistic regression model were compared to the histological diagnoses in order to evaluate the accuracy of the classification. The value of the logistic function (LF) was calculated for each patient. Using the ROC curve approach, an optimum threshold value (OTV) corresponding to a 100% sensitivity was defined. The classification obtained with the OTV was validated using a cross-validation procedure (CVP). The significant variables selected by the SLR are (from the most significant to the least significant): cytologic result, sex, irregular margin on the Tc scintigraphy and homogeneity on the ultrasound examination. The OTV corresponds to a specificity of 73% for a sensitivity of 100%. The specificity and the sensitivity obtained with the CVP are 73% and 96% respectively. In conclusion, the classification of the patients according to the value of the LF is a highly accurate diagnostic procedure. PMID- 3169094 TI - Increase in collagen production with loss of androgen responsiveness in cultured androgen-responsive Shionogi carcinoma 115 cells. AB - The collagen production of androgen-responsive and -unresponsive Shionogi carcinoma 115 cells was investigated by culturing them in a medium with or without testosterone. Androgen-unresponsive cells were obtained by culturing a cloned androgen-responsive cell in a testosterone-free medium for 12 weeks. The collagen production of androgen-responsive cells slightly increased in the absence of testosterone, whereas testosterone did not affect the collagen production of androgen-unresponsive cells. Androgen-unresponsive cells produced 3 4 times more collagen than androgen-responsive cells. The major collagen produced by both androgen-responsive and - unresponsive cells migrated to the same position in sodium dodecylsulfate:polyacylamide gel electrophoresis. The present results indicate that the collagen production of androgen-responsive Shionogi carcinoma 115 cells increases with the loss of androgen responsiveness in culture. PMID- 3169095 TI - Ifosfamide in previously untreated disseminated neuroblastoma. Results of Study 3A of the European Neuroblastoma Study Group. AB - A prospective study of the effectiveness of ifosfamide as a single agent in the management of previously untreated patients with Evans stage IV neuroblastoma was undertaken. Eighteen children aged more than 1 year were treated with ifosfamide (IFX) 3 g/m2 daily for 2 days immediately after diagnosis and 3 weeks later. Treatment was continued with combination chemotherapy using vincristine, cyclophosphamide, cisplatinum and etoposide (OPEC) or a variant. Mesna (2 mercaptoethane sulphonate) was given to all patients during IFX treatment to prevent urotoxicity. Eight of the 18 patients (44%) responded to IFX. Nine had greater than 66% reduction in baseline tumor volume. Of 15 evaluable patients with raised pre-treatment urinary catecholamine excretion, six (40%) achieved greater than 50% reduction in pretreatment levels. Two of 10 patients evaluable for bone marrow response had complete clearance. Toxicity was mild in all patients. Upon completing 'first line' therapy, only four patients (22%) achieved a good partial remission (GPR) or complete response (CR). Median survival was 11 months. There was a lower rate of attaining GPR and shortened median survival in patients receiving phase II IFX before OPEC or variant, compared to patients with similar pre-treatment characteristics treated with OPEC from diagnosis in an earlier study. PMID- 3169099 TI - Lymphoma and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: cytogenetic and molecular correlates. PMID- 3169096 TI - Combined intermittent dearterialization and intraperitoneal 5-fluorouracil administration for liver tumours in the rat. AB - Arterial occlusive therapy in the palliation of liver cancers has gone a long way since the first attempt at hepatic artery ligation. While efforts in permanent hepatic dearterialization have been frustrating in the face of fast developing collaterals, temporary inhibition of hepatic arterial blood flow appears to offer definite advantages. The effect of a single transient hepatic arterial occlusion with and without the addition of intraperitoneal 5FU was tested in Wistar-Furth rats bearing liver tumours. No advantage was observed in terms of tumour growth inhibition unless toxic doses of 5FU were used. A 5-day course of repeated treatment using intermittent dearterialization combined with intraperitoneal 5FU infusion was next tested and was found to be an efficient approach in reducing tumour growth rates. We prefer the intraperitoneal rather than the intraportal route for the infusion of oncolytic drugs because it avoids the problem of portal thrombosis and at the same time deals with any concomitant extrahepatic disease. PMID- 3169100 TI - Measuring progress on IEPs: a comparison of graphing approaches. PMID- 3169101 TI - Auditory feedback and writing: learning disabled and nondisabled students. PMID- 3169098 TI - Cardiotoxicity of mitozantrone assessed by stress and resting nuclear ventriculography. AB - Fourteen patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with a combination of vincristine, mitozantrone and prednisolone. Before, during and after cessation of treatment radionuclide assessment of ventricular performance was obtained at rest, in response to cold pressor-induced stress and on recovery from stress. Six of 14 patients (46%) developed abnormalities of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). One patient developed clinical signs of cardiac failure. Mitozantrone is an active agent in the treatment of advanced breast cancer but it can produce cardiotoxicity. In this particular middle-aged population, changes in LVEF occurred over a wide range of cumulative doses. Further investigation is required to determine the nature and prognosis of this iatrogenic toxicity. PMID- 3169102 TI - Classwide peer tutoring with mildly handicapped high school students. PMID- 3169103 TI - The arts, science, and the study of exceptionality. PMID- 3169097 TI - CA 19-9 determination in gastric juice: role in identifying gastric cancer and high risk patients. AB - Gastric juice CA 19-9 levels were determined in 23 patients affected by gastric cancer, in 57 patients affected by chronic atrophic gastritis of different severities and in 55 'healthy' controls, undergoing endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms. Increased CA 19-9 levels were documented in chronic atrophic gastritis patients as well as in gastric cancer patients, the difference with respect to controls being statistically significant. However, there was considerable overlap between different groups. In particular, gastric cancer patients had CA 19-9 levels similar to those detected in moderate and severe chronic atrophic gastritis. CA 19-9 correlated with gastric juice pH and CEA concentration. Its values were not influenced by the patients' age or sex. In our opinion CA 19-9 gastric juice determination, although not useful in singling out patients harboring gastric neoplasia, may be used in identifying patients 'at risk' for gastric cancer and who might then be referred for more accurate investigations. PMID- 3169104 TI - Service coordination between correctional and public school systems for handicapped juvenile offenders. PMID- 3169105 TI - Is there a "psychology of the deaf"? PMID- 3169106 TI - Special education screening system: group achievement test. PMID- 3169107 TI - Meta-analysis of clinical trials: summary of an international conference. AB - An international conference of clinicians, clinical investigators and biostatisticians discussed meta-analysis in relation to clinical trials, i.e. the combination of data from separate studies for the purpose of obtaining information that cannot be derived from the individual studies. Meta-analysis can be a helpful tool for generating hypotheses for future trials, for studying the consistency of trials of the same or similar goals, and for generating more precise estimates of effect. There are still a number of unresolved questions about the methodology and interpretation of meta-analysis. Better and more uniform reporting of primary studies would increase the usefulness of meta analysis. PMID- 3169108 TI - Effect of sustained-release verapamil therapy on the blood pressure at rest and on the pressor response to isometric exertion in hypertensive patients. AB - The effect of a new formulation of verapamil sustained release (SR) 240 mg tablets on resting blood pressure (BP) and on the pressor response to isometric exertion have been examined in a single-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in 12 hypertensive patients (mean age 45 years). SR verapamil and placebo were administered every 12 h for 6 consecutive weeks. At the end of each period of treatment BP and heart rate (HR) were measured at rest and during isometric exercise, performed as a handgrip (HG) test for 3 min at 30% of the maximum voluntary contraction. There was a significant reduction in resting systolic and diastolic BP, with no change in HR. BP and HR at peak exercise were lower after verapamil than after placebo, but the maximal absolute increase did not change during verapamil therapy. The results are compatible with a role of SR verapamil b.d. in reducing resting BP in hypertension, and in lowering very high pressure at the peak of a HG test, without modifying the physiological reactivity of cardiovascular system. PMID- 3169109 TI - Duration of protection of calcium channel blockers against exercise-induced bronchospasm: comparison of oral diltiazem and inhaled gallopamil. AB - The present study was conducted to determine the duration of the positive effect of oral diltiazem and inhaled gallopamil in mild asthmatic volunteers, ages 18-37 years, with a history of exercise-induced asthma and a 25-56% decrease in FEV1 after a standardized exercise challenge. Oral diltiazem 120 mg, inhaled gallopamil 10 mg, and placebo were administered in a double blind, randomized, crossover manner on different days 48 h apart. Diltiazem was administered 90 min and gallopamil 30 min before the first exercise challenge. Challenges were then repeated 3 and 6 h later. Neither diltiazem nor gallopamil significantly altered baseline FVC, FEV1, or FEF25-75. The mean maximum decrease in FEV1 after the first challenge was 16.8% after gallopamil, 25.2% after diltiazem and 30.1% after placebo. The mean post-exercise decrease in FEV1 after gallopamil was significantly smaller than after placebo. There were no significant differences in the post-exercise decreases in FEV1 between the three treatment regimens 3 and 6 h later. Thus, inhaled gallopamil provided significant protection against exercise-induced bronchospasm, but the beneficial effect was modest and short in duration. PMID- 3169110 TI - Studies of the agonist and antagonist activity of cicloprolol in man. AB - To assess the partial agonist activity of cicloprolol in man, four studies were carried out in normal male volunteers. I and II. Open dose escalating studies of the effects of oral doses of the drug on exercise tachycardia and sleeping heart rate. III and IV. Double-blind randomized studies of the effects of placebo, cicloprolol 25 mg, cicloprolol 50 mg, cicloprolol 100 mg, atenolol 50 mg, pindolol 10 mg, salbutamol 8 mg and prenalterol 50 mg on sleeping heart rate, resting supine heart rate, blood pressure, forearm blood flow, finger tremor and exercise tachycardia. All doses of cicloprolol above 2.5 mg reduced an exercise tachycardia but there was no increase in effect above a dose of 50 mg. Cicloprolol caused a dose dependent increase in sleeping heart rate up to 200 mg. Cicloprolol increased resting supine heart rate, systolic blood pressure, forearm blood flow and finger tremor. None of the drugs affected quality of sleep. Cicloprolol has significant partial agonist activity at the beta 1-adrenoceptor as indicated by increases in heart rate and systolic blood pressure. The increases in finger tremor and forearm blood flow suggest that cicloprolol has some partial agonist activity at the beta 2-adrenoceptor. PMID- 3169111 TI - Renal function and blood pressure in patients treated with cyclosporin A for uveitis. AB - Renal function has been evaluated in 21 patients treated with cyclosporin A (CyA) for 9 months for idiopathic uveitis. Serum creatinine, which was 82 mumol.l-1 before treatment, was significantly elevated after 1 month (111 mumol.l-1). After 9 months of treatment, and despite a decrease in CyA dosage, the mean plasma creatinine remained elevated at 132 mumol.l-1. Hypertension developed in 6 patients, five of them being concomitantly treated with corticosteroids. In 8 patients serum creatinine 3 months after CyA had been stopped had decreased from 148 to 93 mumol.l-1. Two of those patients remained hypertensive 3 months after CyA treatment had ceased. In patients with idiopathic uveitis CyA induces a reversible increase in serum creatinine. However the reversibility of such a biochemical marker does not preclude a histopathological lesion. Chronic renal damage may be responsible for the persistence of hypertension after cessation of CyA treatment. PMID- 3169112 TI - Evaluation of two oxprenolol oral osmotic (OROS) delivery systems in patients with essential hypertension. AB - The effects of two oxprenolol oral osmotic (OROS) delivery systems on heart rate and blood pressure before and during recovery from exercise at a predetermined load were examined in twelve patients with hypertension previously responding to beta-blocker monotherapy. Haemodynamic responses were attenuated during the 24 h after single and repeated (15 days') once daily administrations of 10/170 and 16/260 oxprenolol OROS. At 24 h after repeated doses, compared to placebo there were significant reductions in resting blood pressure and in heart rate immediately following exercise. Attenuation of heart rate after exercise was dose related but differences between the systems with respect to resting heart rate and blood pressure were inconsistent. Antihypertensive responses after repeated doses were greater than those after single doses. However, reductions in resting and exercise heart rates were consistently less on chronic therapy. This may reflect enhanced expression of the partial agonist activity of oxprenolol due to altered receptor sensitivity after prolonged beta-blockade. The plasma oxprenolol profiles after both systems indicated slow absorption and substantial concentrations were apparent 24 h after drug administration. These observations suggest that both oxprenolol OROS systems display sustained drug release and on once daily dosing provide 24 h beta-blockade and control of blood pressure at rest and following exercise. PMID- 3169114 TI - The pharmacokinetics of flutamide and its major metabolites after a single oral dose and during chronic treatment. AB - Flutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. We have investigated the disposition of flutamide and its two major metabolites in ten urological in-patients without significant liver or renal disease. After oral administration flutamide is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with a tmax of about 2 h. Flutamide undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism, and its major metabolites are 2-hydroxyflutamide and the hydrolysis product 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitroaniline. After the oral administration of a single dose of 250 mg or 500 mg maximum flutamide plasma concentrations of 0.02 and 0.1 micrograms.ml-1 respectively were observed. Maximum plasma concentrations of 2-hydroxyflutamide for the same flutamide doses were 1.3 and 2.4 micrograms.ml-1 (mean of n = 2 or n = 3). Steady-state concentrations of the biologically active metabolite 2-hydroxyflutamide (0.94 +/- 0.23 micrograms.ml-1, mean +/- SD, n = 5) were found at 2-4 days after the administration of 250 mg every 8 h. The area under the plasma concentration time curve for 2-hydroxyflutamide averaged 11.4 (10.6 and 12.1) and 24.3 (21.5-29.4, n = 3) micrograms.ml-1.h for 250 mg and 500 mg flutamide orally. 2-Hydroxyflutamide and 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitroaniline were eliminated monoexponentially with half times of 4.3-21.9 and 4.3-17.2 h (n = 5) respectively. PMID- 3169113 TI - CSF and plasma pharmacokinetics of pethidine and norpethidine in man after epidural and intrathecal administration of pethidine. AB - The disposition of pethidine and its main metabolite, norpethidine, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma was studied in 11 thoracic surgery patients after lumbar epidural (100 mg; n = 6) or lumbar intrathecal (25 mg; n = 5) administration of pethidine. Pethidine appeared more slowly in plasma after intrathecal than after epidural administration (tmax 2.3 h and 14 min, respectively), but systemic bioavailability was similar. The CSF concentrations of pethidine were higher than those in plasma after both routes of administration. The maximal CSF/plasma concentration ratio was 6000 to 45,000 after intrathecal administration but was only 26 to 97 after the epidural route. Pethidine was rapidly distributed in CSF; nine to ten h after the intrathecal and epidural injections the CSF/plasma concentration ratios were 12 to 89 and 2 to 33, respectively. The calculated bioavailability in CSF of epidural pethidine was 10.3%. The terminal elimination half-life of pethidine was 6.0 h (CSF) and 5.4 h (plasma) after intrathecal administration and 8.6 h (CSF) and 8.8 h (plasma) after epidural injection. The volume of distribution of unchanged pethidine in the subarachnoid space was 13 ml.kg-1 and clearance from the CSF was 15 microliters.kg-1.min-1. In all patients receiving intrathecal pethidine and in some patients after epidural pethidine, CSF norpethidine concentrations were higher than those in plasma; the maximum CSF norpethidine was 102 to 1211 ng.ml-1 and 14 to 210 ng.ml-1 and the maximum CSF/plasma norpethidine concentration ratios were 21 to 652 and 0.6 to 14 times after intrathecal and epidural administration, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3169116 TI - The cardiovascular effects of nebulized adenosine in man. AB - We have studied the cardiovascular effects of inhaled adenosine in healthy subjects. Adenosine at a concentration of 5 mg.ml-1 is absorbed and produces an increase in heart rate of 6-7 beats per min, blood pressure and skin temperature being unaltered. The rise in heart rate is less than that seen with an infusion of a comparable dose and is unlikely to be adequate for therapeutic termination of supraventricular tachycardia. Higher doses are limited by the poor solubility of adenosine. Inhalation as a method of delivering adenosine has possibilities as an alternative route of administration, but some practical problems remain to be overcome. PMID- 3169117 TI - Amiodarone therapy and glucose tolerance--a prospective trial. AB - It has previously been suggested that amiodarone, used widely to treat refractory cardiac arrhythmias, may induce glucose intolerance. In view of this, we have undertaken a prospective study in a group of 10 patients with normal glucose tolerance profiles requiring amiodarone therapy for control of supraventricular or ventricular dysrhythmias. The patients were followed for a total of 9 months, and glucose tolerance tests and glycosylated haemoglobin were done at 3 monthly intervals in all patients. Both fasting blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance tests were entirely within normal limits in all patients at each stage during the study. Glycosylated haemoglobin did rise significantly at 6 months, but this did not exceed the normal range in the majority of patients and the rise was not sustained at 9 months. In this prospective study therefore, there is no evidence of either glucose intolerance or a diabetogenic effect during prolonged therapy with amiodarone. PMID- 3169118 TI - Lack of efficacy of cimetidine and ranitidine as inhibitors of tolbutamide metabolism. AB - We investigated the effect of 4 days pretreatment with cimetidine (1.2 g daily) and ranitidine (0.3 g daily) on tolbutamide disposition in an open randomised, cross-over study design involving 8 healthy adult male volunteers. Control half life of tolbutamide 6.29 h was not significantly altered by cimetidine (6.93 h) or ranitidine (6.97 h). The corresponding apparent oral clearance (ml.min-1.kg-1) were not significantly different: 0.26 (control), 0.24 (cimetidine) and 0.25 (ranitidine). Apparent volume of distribution was also unaltered 0.140 l.kg-1 (control), 0.141 l.kg-1 (cimetidine) and 0.146 l.kg-1 (ranitidine). It is suggested that the hepatic monooxygenase isozyme that catalyses the rate-limiting conversion of tolbutamide to its hydroxy derivative is not susceptible to the inhibitory effect of cimetidine or ranitidine. PMID- 3169115 TI - Pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin and amikacin administered simultaneously to intensive care patients. AB - Ten adult patients with severe infections in an intensive care unit were treated simultaneously with 6 mg/kg pefloxacin and 7.5 mg/kg amikacin, infused i.v. over 1 h every 12 h for 5 days. Twelve h after the last infusion, pefloxacin alone was administered orally (400 mg tablet) every 12 h for 10 days. The pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin and its main metabolites, norfloxacin and pefloxacin N-oxide, were determined after the first (Day 1) and last (Day 5) infusions and after the last oral dose (Day 15). The kinetics of amikacin was determined after the first and the last infusion. The maximal and minimal steady-state plasma concentrations of amikacin were 27.3 and 3.3 mg/l. The total plasma clearance was 83.1 and 67.0 ml/min after the first and the last infusions, respectively, and the half-life was 3.9 and 5.0 h. The maximal and minimal steady-state plasma concentrations of pefloxacin were 13.1 and 7.9 mg/l after i.v. infusion and 13.4 and 9.0 mg/l after oral administration. Pefloxacin elimination (t1/2) increased from 11.3 h after the first infusion to 19.4 h after the last infusion and 21.1 h after the last oral dose. Total body clearance decreased from 90.8 (Day 1) to 51.9 (Day 5) and 56.4 ml/min (Day 15). The volume of distribution did not change significantly over the course of pefloxacin. Mean steady-state plasma concentrations of norfloxacin and pefloxacin N-oxide were respectively 0.5-0.6 mg/l and 0.9-1.3 mg/l after intravenous and oral administration of pefloxacin. There were no pharmacokinetic interaction between the drugs. The dosage regimen led to plasma concentrations of pefloxacin and amikacin within their therapeutic range. PMID- 3169119 TI - Ampicillin in breast milk during puerperal infections. AB - Low concentrations of ampicillin were found in colostrum/breast milk from 6 mothers treated with pivampicillin 1.05 to 2.1 g daily during the first to eighth day postpartum in the maternity ward. It was calculated that the breast-fed infant could theoretically receive 0.05-0.37% of the dose/kg given to the mother. It is concluded that direct exposure of the breast-fed infant suckling from a mother under treatment with ampicillin or pivampicillin seems to be minimal. PMID- 3169120 TI - Apparent mendelian recessive inheritance of sparteine metabolism in an extended Japanese family. PMID- 3169121 TI - Major histocompatibility complex class I molecules of nonhuman primates. AB - The usefulness of nonhuman primates in immunologically relevant research has until now been limited by difficulties in characterizing the major histocompatibility (MHC) gene products of these species. We have now biochemically characterized the MHC-encoded class I molecules from four different species of nonhuman primates using antibodies directed against human MHC class I structures and one-dimensional isoelectric focusing (1-D IEF). We demonstrated the functional relevancy of this technique of MHC typing by generating virus specific cytotoxic T cells and assaying their cytotoxic activity against a panel of virus-transformed cells that expressed the same or differing class I structures. Only virus-infected cell lines expressing MHC class I antigens identical to those of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte population were lysed. This simple method of MHC class I typing using 1-D IEF will be useful in immunological research involving nonhuman primates and in nonhuman primate colony management. PMID- 3169122 TI - Displacement of [3H]oxotremorine-M binding by muscarinic antagonists in guinea pig atrial and ileal membrane homogenates. AB - Displacement of [3H]oxotremorine-M [( 3H]oxo-M) binding by muscarinic antagonists that are functionally non-selective (atropine), ileoselective (4-DAMP) or cardioselective (gallamine, pancuronium, vecuronium, himbacine) was investigated in guinea-pig atrial and ileal longitudinal muscle membranes. [3H]Oxo-M bound to a single population of high affinity sites in atrial (KD = 11.40 nM) and ileal (KD = 6.15 nM) membranes. Atropine displaced [3H]oxo-M binding sites in a competitive manner, showing similar affinities in the two tissues. 4-DAMP showed two binding sites in ileum but not in atria. The dissociation constant at the high affinity site in ileum was ca 5-fold lower than the value observed in atria, indicating ileoselectivity. Vecuronium also displaced [3H]oxo-M binding in a competitive manner and exhibited similar affinities in both tissues. Gallamine, pancuronium and himbacine displayed two binding sites in each of the two tissues with the majority of sites (ca. 60-80%) showing high affinity. Overall the cardioselective antagonists do not exhibit any consistent correlation between the affinities found in functional experiments and those determined in binding experiments. PMID- 3169124 TI - Characterization of guinea-pig cardiac muscarinic receptors by radioligand dissociation kinetics. AB - The question of cardiac muscarinic receptor heterogeneity was studied in guinea pig auricles and ventricle. Radioligand dissociation kinetics were analyzed in the absence and presence of alinidine and AQ-A 39, two muscarinic agents and allosteric modulators of radiotracer dissociation. The dissociation kinetics were monophasic with all 3 radiotracers used and in both auricles and ventricle. [125I]3-Quinuclidinyl 4-iodobenzilate ([125I]QNB) dissociated with an identical half-life (t1/2 off) in ventricle and in left and right auricle, respectively. Alinidine (1 mM) decreased t1/2 off by 50% in ventricle but had no significant influence in auricles. AQ-A 39 (= falipamil) uniformly increased t1/2 off 4-fold in all 3 tissues. The binding of tritium-labelled quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) dissociated equally rapidly from both ventricular and auricular receptors under control conditions but was not affected by alinidine. AQ-A 39 (1 mM) slowed [3H]QNB dissociation 6.5-fold in ventricle but only 3-fold in both auricles. [3H]N-Methyl scopolamine ([3H]NMS) dissociation was uniform in both auricles but was somewhat slower in the ventricle, both in the absence and presence of alinidine. AQ-A 39 was without effect. These results demonstrate differences in ventricular versus auricular receptors detected by [125I]QNB in the presence of alinidine and by [3H]QNB in the presence of AQ-A 39. The quaternary ligand [3H]NMS was unable to detect receptor heterogeneity. No differences were found between right and left auricular receptors. The results presented provide no evidence for the existence of different subtypes of muscarinic receptors for the negative chronotropic and inotropic actions of muscarinic agonists. PMID- 3169123 TI - Enhanced pressor response to GABA in the nucleus tractus solitarii of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - A previous study from this laboratory demonstrated that ongoing GABAergic neurotransmission in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) functions to maintain baseline arterial pressure (AP). In that study, bilateral microinjection of nipecotic acid into the NTS was observed to elevate AP. Since nipecotic acid is a selective GABA uptake blocker, changes in GABA release should be reflected by changes in the response to nipecotic acid. The present study utilized this approach to assess endogenous GABA activity within the NTS of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Male SHR, 16-20 weeks of age, were anesthetized with chloralose, paralyzed and ventilated. Age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were studied as controls. Bilateral microinjection of nipecotic acid (10 nmol in 100 nl; a maximally effective dose) into the NTS elicited a pressor response which was significantly greater in the SHR than the response observed in the WKY rats. Similarly, direct stimulation of GABAB receptors in the NTS with (-)-baclofen 40 pmol, a maximally effective dose) elicited an increase in AP which was significantly greater in the SHR. In contrast, bilateral microinjection of the direct acting GABAA agonist muscimol (160 pmol, a maximally effective dose) resulted in a similar elevation of AP in both the SHR and WKY rats. These results suggest that the enhanced pressor response caused by endogenous GABA in the NTS of the SHR is due to a greater response evoked by stimulation of GABAB receptors. Thus, enhanced GABAB receptor-mediated neural transmission in the NTS may contribute to the expression or maintenance of hypertension in this genetic model of hypertension. PMID- 3169125 TI - Different effects of norepinephrine and KCl on the cytosolic Ca2+-tension relationship in vascular smooth muscle of rat aorta. AB - Norepinephrine and KCl induced a concentration-dependent increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ level [( Ca2+]cyt) measured either by intracellular fura 2-Ca2+ fluorescence or by 45Ca2+ uptake. Muscle contraction in isolated rat aortic strips was also increased although a greater contraction was induced by norepinephrine than by KCl at the same [Ca2+]cyt. This result suggests that the contraction of vascular smooth muscle is regulated by [Ca2+]cyt and also by other factor(s). PMID- 3169126 TI - MDL 72832, a selective 5-HT1A receptor ligand, stereospecifically increases food intake. AB - Effects of the enantiomers of MDL 72832, a novel, potent and selective ligand for 5-HT1A sites, were investigated in a test of platable food consumption in partially pre-satiated male rats. (-)-MDL 72832 significantly increased feeding at 0.03 mg/kg s.c., whereas 1.0 mg/kg (+)-MDL 72832 was required to stimulate food intake. The stereospecificity of the effect provides support for a functional role of 5-HT1A receptors in feeding responses. PMID- 3169128 TI - Localisation by autoradiography of neuronal 5-HT3 receptors in the mouse CNS. PMID- 3169127 TI - The potassium channel activator, BRL 34915, antagonises a behavioural response to the muscarinic receptor agonist, pilocarpine. PMID- 3169129 TI - Influence of cytochalasin D-induced changes in cell shape on proteoglycan synthesis by cultured articular chondrocytes. AB - There is growing evidence that cell shape regulates both proliferation and differentiated gene expression in a variety of cell types. We have explored the relationship between the morphology of articular chondrocytes in culture and the amount and type of proteoglycan they synthesize, using cytochalasin D to induce reversible cell rounding. When chondrocytes were prevented from spreading or when spread cells were induced to round up, 35SO4 incorporation into proteoglycan was stimulated. Incorporation into the cell layer was stimulated more than into the medium. When the cells were allowed to respread by removing cytochalasin D, proteoglycan synthesis returned to control levels. Cytochalasin D-induced stimulation of 35SO4 incorporation reflected an increase in core protein synthesis rather than lengthening of glycosaminoglycan chains, because [3H]serine incorporation into core protein was also stimulated. The observed stimulation of proteoglycan synthesis was not due to an overall stimulation of protein synthesis, to inhibition of DNA synthesis, or to accumulation of cells in one phase of the cell cycle. Cytochalasin D-treatment of cells in suspension caused no further stimulation of 35SO4 incorporation, suggesting that the observed effects were due to cell rounding rather than exposure to cytochalasin D per se; nevertheless, we cannot completely rule out other, nonspecific, effects of the drug. Fibroblasts and chondrocytes that had been passaged to stimulate dedifferentiation did not incorporate more 35SO4 when treated with cytochalasin D, suggesting that increased proteoglycan synthesis in response to rounding may itself be a differentiated property of chondrocytes. PMID- 3169131 TI - Effects of serum from human subjects of various ages on proliferation of human lung and skin fibroblasts. AB - We carried out a study to determine whether serum from old human subjects inhibited cell proliferation. The results showed that serum from old subjects of either sex did not greatly inhibit the proliferation of human fetal lung fibroblast TIG-1 cells, even when serum from subjects in their 80s was used. The same results were obtained when the effects of serum on cell proliferation were examined up to a serum concentration of 50%. It was also found that serum from old subjects did not inhibit proliferation of human skin fibroblasts from a young adult to any greater degree than serum from young adult subjects, and that serum from young adult subjects did not stimulate proliferation of skin fibroblasts from an elderly donor to any greater degree than serum from old subjects. PMID- 3169130 TI - Effects of anti-C23 (nucleolin) antibody on transcription of ribosomal DNA in Chironomus salivary gland cells. AB - Protein C23 (also called nucleolin or 100-kDa nucleolar protein) is a major nucleolar phosphoprotein involved in ribosome biogenesis. To determine the effects of protein C23 on preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) synthesis anti-C23 antiserum was microinjected into nuclei of Chironomus tentans salivary glands. Transcription was measured by incubation of the glands with 32P-labeled RNA precorsors followed by microdissection of nucleoli, RNA extraction, and electrophoretic analyses. Injection of the anti-C23 antibody caused a 2- to 3.5 fold stimulation of 32P incorporation into 38S pre-rRNA. No stimulation was observed in salivary glands injected with preimmune serum or antiserum preabsorbed with protein C23. The stimulatory effect was selective for pre-rRNA as indicated by the lack of stimulation of 32P incorporation into extranucleolar RNA. Injection of the antiserum produced little or no effect on pre-RNA processing as measured by the relative amounts of 32P-labeled intermediate cleavage products of pre-rRNA in stimulated versus control glands. When protein extracts of Chironomus tentans salivary gland nuclei were probed on Western blots with anti-C23 antibody the predominant cross-reacting species was a 110-kDa polypeptide which had an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of protein C23. These results suggest that protein C23 not only is involved in ribosome assembly but also plays a role in regulating the transcription of the preribosomal RNA. PMID- 3169132 TI - Sea urchin sperm creatine kinase: the flagellar isozyme is a microtubule associated protein. AB - Sea urchin sperm contain two isozymes of creatine kinase (CrK) in the sperm head and tail, as termini of a phosphocreatine shuttle to transport energy. The head isozyme is located at the mitochondrion. By using an antibody prepared against denatured flagellar CrK, we now show that the tail isozyme exists along the entire flagellum. This unusual CrK isozyme, of Mr 145 kDa, is a component of the flagellar axoneme as indicated by electron microscopic immunolocalization and cell fractionation. Flagellar CrK specifically reassociated with extracted sperm axonemes as well as with in vitro polymerized sea urchin egg microtubules. Neither sperm mitochondrial CrK nor mammalian muscle CrK bound to axonemes under similar conditions. Thus, although the two sperm isozymes have similar kinetic properties, they differ in affinity for microtubules, a characteristic that may determine the regional differentiation needed for establishing a phosphocreatine shuttle. PMID- 3169133 TI - Nuclear protein import: specificity for transport across the nuclear pore. AB - Transport of proteins into the cell nucleus is thought to require specific localization sequences and may be mediated by nuclear pores. Following microinjection into fused cultured cells, nuclear protein import was directly monitored by fluorescence microscopy using B-phycoerythrin (PE; Mr 240,000) coupled to synthetic peptides corresponding to the simian virus 40 (SV-40) large T antigen nuclear localization signal. Peptides with a single amino acid replacement found in a cytoplasmic mutant of T antigen (cT) failed to promote uptake. Further studies with deletion peptides revealed the minimum sequence requirements for efficient nuclear import of PE conjugates to be similar to those previously defined genetically for large T antigen itself. No competitive inhibition of uptake was observed in cells expressing nuclear or cytoplasmic T antigen. Nuclear import was time- and temperature-dependent. The lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) binds to glycoproteins bearing O-linked GlcNAc on the cytoplasmic face of the nuclear pore in vitro [J.A. Hanover et al. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 9887-9894] and in vivo. Microinjection of WGA into the cytoplasm of living cells did not alter the diffusion of dextran (Mr 10,000) into the nucleus, but blocked the uptake of PE conjugates. This inhibition was reversed when a competing saccharide was introduced into the cytoplasm. PMID- 3169134 TI - Promotion of survival and neurite outgrowth of cultured peripheral neurons by exogenous lipids and detergents. AB - Gangliosides, in particular the monosialoglycosphingolipids Gtet 1 (GM1), have previously been implicated in the mediation of neuronal rescue and restitutional axonal growth, both in vitro and subsequent to brain and peripheral nerve lesions. In the present study it is shown that the bis-sialosyl gangliosides Gtet2b and Gtet3b, but not the gangliosides Gtet2a and Gtet1, promote the survival of dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons cultured from Embryonic Day (E) 8 chicks (DRG8) almost to the same extent as nerve growth factor (NGF). Ciliary ganglion (CG) neurons from E8 chicks (CG8) and DRG10 neurons were virtually not supported suggesting considerable specificity in terms of neuronal targets and developmental stages being addressed. Moreover, a variety of other lipids including cerebroside (Cb), dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and -serine (DPPS), sulfatide (Sf), and sphingomyelin (Sm) were tested for putative survival promoting activity toward chick CG, DRG, and lumbar sympathetic ganglion (SG11) neurons. At the highest concentration employed (2.5 x 10(-5) M), Sm, DPPC, and DPPS maintained between 45 and 65% of the plateau survival with CG8 (maximally supported by ciliary neuronotrophic factor (CNTF], DRG8, and DRG10 neurons, and 30 to 40% with SG11 neurons. Cb supported CG8 neurons at about 55% of the plateau value achieved with CNTF, but had hardly any effect on the other neuron populations tested. Control experiments using highly enriched neurons and serum-free conditions assured that the effects were unlikely to be mediated by serum components or nonneuronal cells. A variety of detergents, in particular Triton X-100, also promoted the survival of CG8 and DRG10 neurons. Ganglioside Gtet1, Sm, and Triton X-100 shifted the NGF titration curve for DRG10 neurons between 6- and 15-fold in a dose-dependent manner suggesting synergisms between NGF and lipids for neuronal maintenance. These results document the neuronotrophic potency of certain gangliosides, a heterogeneous group of structurally unrelated lipids, and detergents. The mechanisms by which these agents modulate neuronal survival still await clarification. PMID- 3169136 TI - Regulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblasts within a three-dimensional collagen gel. AB - Fibroblasts cultivated within a three-dimensional collagen gel display an elongated, spindle-like morphology, reduce their proliferation rate, contact the gel to a very dense tissue, and modify their metabolic activity as compared to monolayer cultures. Collagen synthesis measured as protein-bound hydroxyproline is reduced to 5% of the values found in monolayer culture. The reduction involving type I and type III collagen is due to decreased de novo synthesis and not to enhanced degradation. Dot blot hybridization, Northern blot analysis, and in situ hybridization using collagen I- and III-specific cDNA probes demonstrate that reduced biosynthesis rates are reflected by a marked reduction of pro alpha 1 (I), pro alpha 2 (I), and pro alpha 1 (III) collagen mRNA indicating pretranslational regulation. A similar reduction was observed for actin mRNA whereas levels of tubulin mRNA were similar for fibroblasts in monolayer culture or cultivated within the three-dimensional collagen gels. The data suggest a specific reprogramming of various cellular activities in response to contact with the reconstituted extracellular matrix. PMID- 3169135 TI - The relationship of heat-shock proteins, thermotolerance, and protein synthesis. AB - The relationship of heat-induced inhibition of protein synthesis (HIIPS) and thermotolerance, the transient ability to survive otherwise lethal heat treatments, was studied in HA-1 Chinese hamster fibroblasts exposed to various treatments. A mild heatshock or exposure to sodium arsenite induced a refractoriness to HIIPS, while exposure to the amino acid analog of proline, azetidine, did not. The development and decay of refractoriness to HIIPS after exposure to heat or sodium arsenite paralleled in the increase and decrease of the rate of synthesis of the heat-shock proteins (HSP), and was associated with neither the persistence of elevated levels of HSP nor the persistence of the thermotolerant state. Refractoriness to HIIPS was not associated with the elevated synthesis of HSP in the presence of amino acid analogs regardless of the mode of induction, indicating a requirement for functional HSP for the effect. The refractoriness to HIIPS was also found in heat-resistant variants of HA-1 cells that express elevated levels of hsp 70, implicating a role for this protein in this process. Our observation establish an unique biological effect associated with the period of elevated synthesis of the HSP, especially the hsp 70. PMID- 3169137 TI - The membrane transport system responsible for multidrug resistance is operating in nonresistant cells. AB - Cultured hamster fibroblasts of the DM-15 cell line stained by rhodamine 123 gradually release the dye when placed in dye-free medium. Here we demonstrate that reserpine, verapamil, and trifluoperazine are capable of blocking this release. We also show that reserpine can inhibit the efflux of another dye, phosphine 3R, from DM-15 cells and the release of rhodamine 123 from mouse embryo fibroblasts, four mouse cell lines, and MDCK cells. The three substances that block the release of the dyes are potent inhibitors of the membrane transport system implicated in the phenomenon of multidrug resistance (MDR). By using this system MDR cells can pump many structurally unrelated drugs and dyes, including rhodamine 123 and phosphine 3R, from the cytoplasm to the outer medium. It appears from our results that the membrane transport system responsible for MDR operates slowly in nonresistant cells and can play a role in normal cell physiology. PMID- 3169138 TI - Decline in c-myc mRNA expression but not the induction of c-fos mRNA expression is associated with differentiation of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. AB - The induction of differentiation in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is accompanied by a rapid and a transient expression of c-fos mRNA and a down-regulation of c-myc mRNA. The TPA-induced expression of c-fos mRNA was inhibited by H-7, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C (PK-C). Dioctanoylglycerol (DiC8) failed to induce differentiation of SH SY5Y cells or to down-regulate c-myc mRNA but it did induce the expression of c fos mRNA. Treatment of IMR-32 human neuroblastoma cells with TPA did not cause differentiation although c-fos mRNA was induced. Since PK-C in SH-SY5Y cells was activated by both TPA and DiC8 it is suggested that the activation of PK-C alone is not sufficient to induce differentiation in SH-SY5Y cells. The down-regulation of c-myc mRNA rather than the induction of c-fos mRNA seems to be associated with differentiation process in SH-SY5Y cells. PMID- 3169139 TI - A potent DNA synthesis inhibitor expressed by the immortal cell line SUSM-1. AB - We have previously reported the production of DNA synthesis inhibitor proteins by both quiescent and senescent human diploid fibroblasts. Young, proliferating fibroblasts do not produce such inhibitors, but are capable of responding to either the quiescent or senescent cell DNA synthesis inhibitors. Recently, we have analyzed the immortal cell line SUSM-1 (derived from normal liver fibroblasts following exposure to carcinogen) for inhibitory activity. We have found that SUSM-1 cells produce a factor capable of inhibiting DNA synthesis in young fibroblasts. Crude extracts prepared from SUSM-1 cells inhibit DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations 10-fold lower than those of either senescent or quiescent fibroblast cell extracts. SUSM-1 cells are incapable of responding to the inhibitor they produce, as are three other immortal human cell lines tested. One immortal cell line, HeLa, does respond to the SUSM-1 inhibitor, though to a lesser degree than observed with normal young fibroblasts. One hypothesis is that the DNA synthesis inhibitor protein(s) of senescent cells plays a role in determining the finite in vitro life span of normal cells. The results reported here suggest that SUSM-1 cells may have escaped senescence through loss of a receptor or cofactor for the inhibitor protein(s). PMID- 3169140 TI - Biochemical studies on lysin, a cell wall degrading enzyme released during fertilization in Chlamydomonas. AB - New methods have been developed for the purification and characterization of the cell wall degrading enzyme, lysin, which is released into the medium during the mating reaction of the biflagellated alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. A quantitative spectrophotometric assay that detects the number of cells losing walls was used to devise a procedure for the 60-fold purification of lysin from the medium of mating gametes with a 30% yield of activity. Molecular sieve and ion exchange chromatography in combination with SDS-PAGE showed that lysin was a single polypeptide with an Mr of 60,000. High-performance liquid chromatography and sucrose density gradient centrifugation of lysin activity were used to obtain an estimate of 66,000 D for the nondenatured molecular weight of lysin, indicating that lysin behaves as a monomer. PMID- 3169141 TI - Immunoelectron microscope localization of bromodeoxyuridine incorporated into DNA of Ehrlich tumor cell nucleoli. AB - The distribution of DNA within the nucleolus of Ehrlich tumor cells has been investigated by means of a recent immunocytochemical approach involving an electron microscopic detection of incorporated 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) into DNA by an anti-BUdR monoclonal antibody. An immunogold method has been performed on ultrathin sections of cells embedded in Lowicryl K4M. In the nucleolus, gold particles are essentially found over the perinucleolar chromatin adn over its intranucleolar invaginations which are connected with the fibrillar centers. In addition, a few gold particles are also observed in the fibrillar centers, preferentially toward their peripheral regions. In contrast, the dense fibrillar component is completely devoid of labeling. The results are discussed in the context of other recent findings concerning the functional organization of the nucleolus. PMID- 3169142 TI - Analysis of PC12 cell adhesion to muscle and non-muscle cells and components of the extracellular matrix. AB - The relative strength of PC12 cell adhesion to monolayers of myoblasts and fibroblasts as well as to purified components of the extracellular matrix has been determined. PC12 cell adhesion to myoblasts and fibroblasts was dependent on temperature, and the relative strength of adhesion to both increased over a 4-h period. The strength of adhesion to myoblasts was consistently found to be greater than that to fibroblasts. Whereas coating tissue culture plastic with purified collagen and laminin increased its ability to support PC12 cell adhesion, coating with plasma fibronectin or gelatin reduced cell adhesion. Trypsin treatment of PC12 cells was without effect on their adhesion to collagen and laminin and only partially reduced the strength of adhesion to myoblasts. In contrast trypsinized cells showed a greatly reduced ability to adhere to fibroblast monolayers. Pretreatment of PC12 cells with NGF had no obvious effect on the ability of the cells to adhere to any of the above substrata. PMID- 3169144 TI - Detection of glycoproteins in the Acanthamoeba plasma membrane. AB - In the present study we have shown that glycoproteins are present in the plasma membrane of Acanthamoeba castellanii by utilizing different radioactive labeling techniques. Plasma membrane proteins in the amoeba were iodinated by 125I lactoperoxidase labeling and the solubilized radiolabeled glycoproteins were separated by lectin-Sepharose affinity chromatography followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The periodate/NaB3H4 and galactose oxidase/NaB3H4 labeling techniques were used for labeling of surface carbohydrates in the amoeba. Several surface-labeled glycoproteins were observed in addition to a diffusely labeled region with Mr of 55,000-75,000 seen on electrophoresis, which could represent glycolipids. The presence of glycoproteins in the plasma membrane of Acanthamoeba castellanii was confirmed by metabolic labeling with [35S]methionine followed by lectin-Sepharose affinity chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 3169143 TI - Control of the aggregation factor-aggregation receptor interaction in sponges by protein kinase C. AB - By means of immunobiochemical and immunocytological techniques it was found that the aggregation factor (AF) from the sponge Geodia cydonium is stored in vesicles of spherulous cells. During the reaggregation process of dissociated cells, the AF which is present extracellularly was determined to be bound to the cell surface-associated aggregation receptor (AR) only during the initial phase (0-5 h after addition of the AF to the single cell suspension). At later stages (20 h), the AF colocalized with extracellular structures, e.g., collagen and glycoconjugates. Immobilized to nitrocellulose, the AR, a molecule with Mr of 43.5 kDa, displayed its binding affinity to the AF only if it was isolated from early aggregates (5 h). The transition of the AF-susceptible to the AF-deficient state of the plasma membrane was mimicked in vitro by incubation of plasma membranes from early aggregates with purified protein kinase C. This conversion to the AF-deficient state could be prevented by the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine. Together with earlier findings, which revealed that the AR is phosphorylated by protein kinase C, we propose that in the sponge system this enzyme controls intercellular processes involved in morphogenesis. PMID- 3169145 TI - Regulation of mitosis onset and thymidine kinase activity during the cell cycle of Physarum polycephalum plasmodia: effect of hydroxyurea. AB - The effects of hydroxyurea have been investigated on three events of the cell cycle, S-phase, mitosis, and the cyclic synthesis of thymidine kinase, in the synchronous plasmodium of the myxomycete Physarum. DNA synthesis was slowed down with limited action on other macromolecular syntheses and any increase of thymidine kinase that had already been triggered was indistinguishable from that of the control. When DNA synthesis was inhibited, the onset of the following cyclic increase of thymidine kinase synthesis occurred at the same time as in the control, but mitosis was delayed in a very early prophase stage. The arrest of thymidine kinase synthesis occurred after completion of the delayed mitosis. All these effects were suppressed when the action of hydroxyurea was prevented by the addition, to the medium, of the four deoxyribonucleosides. These observations show that (1). The blockage of S-phase does not prevent the nuclei from entering a very early prophase stage but does prevent them from proceeding through metaphase. (2) The transient blockage of DNA synthesis does not perturb the normal timing of the triggering of thymidine kinase synthesis. (3) The signal which triggers the arrest of thymidine kinase synthesis is postmitotic but does not require extensive DNA synthesis. The effect of hydroxyurea is not limited to an inhibition of S-phase. The blockage of DNA replication also led to the dissociation of the normal coordination between two other events of the cell cycle, mitosis and thymidine kinase synthesis. This observation could have strong implications in cell synchronization with chemical agents. PMID- 3169146 TI - Enhanced thymidine uptake causes the lowered thymidine requirement of D. discoideum auxotroph HPS 401. AB - Dictyostelium discoideum strain HPS 401 contains a spontaneous mutation that lowers the amount of thymidine required for cell growth relative to that of the auxotrophic parental strain HPS 400. Growth studies in defined medium show that as little as 8 micrograms thymidine/ml supports maximal growth of HPS 401, whereas 50 micrograms/ml is required by HPS 400. In contrast, both strains require over 40 micrograms thymidylate/ml to achieve maximal growth. HPS 401 exhibits thymidineless death when grown without thymidine; relative viability decreases to less than 0.01% after 190 h incubation. Assays for enzymes related to thymidine metabolism reveal that none of the strains tested (HPS 401, HPS 400, and prototrophic HPS 83 cells) contain detectable thymidine phosphorylase activity and that the specific activity of thymidine kinase is the same in these three strains. Thin-layer chromatography of extracts from cells grown on radiolabeled thymidine shows that there is no detectable conversion of thymidine to thymine in any of these strains. These analyses show that HPS 401 has rapid intracellular accumulation of thymidine, while only slight uptake is observed with HPS 400 or wild-type strains. HPS 401 also shows greater uptake of uridine in comparison to HPS 400 and wild-type cells. Thymidylate uptake was the same for all three strains. Thus, the mutation giving rise to the HPS 401 phenotype selectively increases the uptake of thymidine into the cell, where it can be efficiently utilized for DNA synthesis by the "salvage" pathways of nucleotide metabolism. PMID- 3169147 TI - Inhibition of dye-coupling in Patella (Mollusca) embryos by microinjection of antiserum against nephrops (Arthropoda) gap junctions. AB - Antiserum raised against Nephrops gap junctions was injected into single cells of the 2-, 4-, 8-, 16-, and 32-cell stage of the Patella vulgata embryos. The pattern of junctional communication by iontophoresis of Lucifer Yellow CH was tested at the 32-cell stage. The results show that the normal pattern of dye coupling at the 32-cell stage is disrupted in greater than 65% of embryos previously injected with antisera. In contrast, less than 15% of embryos injected with preimmune serum exhibited disrupted patterns of dye-coupling. Up to the late 32-cell stage no effect of the antiserum on the pattern of cleavage was detected. This antiserum may provide a powerful tool to investigate the role of junctional communication in later stages of development of Patella embryos. PMID- 3169148 TI - Induction of metaphase chromosome condensation in human sperm by Xenopus egg extracts. AB - Cell-free extracts of Xenopus eggs cause permeabilized Xenopus sperm to form pronuclei, which condense into metaphase chromosomes when the cytosol from metaphase-arrested unfertilized eggs is added to the extracts. In this paper, the ability of these cell-free extracts to cause similar changes in permeabilized human sperm was examined. Sperm that had been treated with the disulfide reducing agent dithiothreitol formed pronuclei, whereas untreated sperm did not. The addition of metaphase cytosol to the extracts caused the pronuclei to form metaphase chromosomes but only after incubation times that were two to three times longer than those required for Xenopus sperm nuclei. These results indicate that despite species differences, the Xenopus egg extracts can be used to visualize the chromosomes of human sperm and possibly those of other species. PMID- 3169149 TI - Phorbol esters enhance attachment of NIH/3T3 cells to laminin and type IV collagen substrates. AB - The effect of phorbol esters on the adhesive properties of NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts was investigated using plastic substrates precoated with the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, collagen, and laminin. Treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) enhanced NIH/3T3 cell attachment to laminin and type IV collagen substrates but had little or no effect on attachment to fibronectin and type I collagen substrates. The effect of PMA in enhancing cell attachment to laminin and type IV collagen substrates was dose dependent between 10(-9) and 10(-7) M. PMA was effective as early as 30 min; the effect reached a maximum at 2 h and decreased gradually. Phorbol 12, 13-dibenzoate and phorbol 12, 13-diacetate were effective but to a lesser extent and phorbol 12-myristate and phorbol 13-acetate showed little or no effect. These results suggest that PMA may enhance NIH/3T3 cell adhesion through effects on laminin and type IV collagen receptors. Retinoic acid, which itself requires at least 6 h to show an effect on attachment, did not have any effect on cell attachment in 2 h and, if anything, slightly inhibited PMA-enhanced cell attachment to laminin and type IV collagen substrates. PMID- 3169150 TI - A cell cycle G0-ts mutant, tsJT60, becomes lethal at the nonpermissive temperature after transformation with adenovirus 12 E1B 19K mutant. AB - tsJT60, a temperature-sensitive (ts) cell-cycle mutant of Fischer rats, is viable at both the permissive (34 degrees C) and nonpermissive (40 degrees C) temperatures. The cells grow normally in exponential growth phase at both temperatures, but when stimulated with serum from G0 phase they enter S phase at 34 degrees C but not at 40 degrees C. tsJT60 cells transformed with human adenovirus (Ad) 12 dl205, which lacks the E1B 19-kDa polypeptide gene, were lethal at 40 degrees C, whereas tsJT60 cells transformed with Ad12 wt, dl207, which lacks E1B 58-kDa protein gene, or in206B, which produces 19- to 58- kDa fused protein, were viable. Degradation of cell DNA occurred in dl205-transformed tsJT60 cultured at both 34 degrees C and 40 degrees C. Neither cytocidal phenotype nor degradation of DNA occurred in 3Y1 cells (a parental line of tsJT60) transformed with dl205. These results suggest that the lethal phenotype and degradation of DNA are related to the ts mutation in tsJT60 and also to the lack of Ad12 E1B 19kDa polypeptide. PMID- 3169151 TI - Effect of estradiol and tamoxifen on the anchorage-independent growth of the subpopulations derived from MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells: cytogenetic analysis of the stem cell subpopulation. AB - The MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line can be separated by Percoll density gradient centrifugation into several subpopulations, A to F, one of which (E) has been previously suggested to be highly enriched in stem cells. The anchorage independent growth of the different fractions and its sensitivity to estradiol (E2) and tamoxifen (TAM) was assayed. The anchorage-independent growth capacity of the different fractions was E greater than A greater than B greater than D greater than C,F. The E fraction had the highest clonogenic index (6.62 +/- 1.18) and was unaffected by E2 or TAM. The karyotypic analysis of the E fraction revealed features similar to those of the unfractionated cell line. It is suggested that the high growth rate of fraction E is due to an enrichment in stem cells and not to the existence of a different clone. PMID- 3169152 TI - The cell-surface expression of the cell adhesion molecule cellCAM 105 in rat fetal tissues and regenerating liver. AB - In the present investigation we have used a sensitive immunohistochemical technique to study the appearance and cell-surface distribution of cellCAM 105 in rat fetal tissues and in regenerating liver. CellCAM 105 is an integral membrane glycoprotein that is involved in cell-cell adhesion of mature rat hepatocytes in vitro. In 12-day-old rat fetuses no cellCAM 105 was detected. CellCAM 105 then appeared on Day 13 in megakaryocytes of the fetal liver, on Day 16 in the liver parenchyme, and on Day 17 in the epithelial cells of the proximal kidney tubules and of the small intestinal mucosa. In the liver parenchyme cellCAM 105 first appeared in immature bile canaliculi. During Days 19-21 a significant staining also occurred on the contiguous sides of the hepatocytes, which at that time became closely associated when the blood-forming cells disappeared. This surface staining then gradually disappeared and 2-3 weeks after birth cellCAM 105 was expressed in the bile canalicular area which is typical of mature hepatocytes. In regenerating liver the amount of cellCAM 105 decreases to a minimum 2-3 days post hepatectomy, then increases and reaches the normal concentration 10-15 days post hepatectomy [Odin and Obrink (1986) Exp. Cell Res. 164, 103-114]. The cell surface distribution of cellCAM 105 also changed, and on Days 3-5 post hepatectomy it appeared on all faces of the hepatocytes which then were closely associated without obvious sinusoids in between. This staining pattern then slowly changed toward the normal pattern of mature liver, which appeared about 15 days post-hepatectomy. A theoretical analysis of the mode of hepatocyte cell division during liver regeneration suggested that the surface of the postmitotic hepatocytes should become unpolarized with respect to macromolecular composition. This is in agreement with the observed surface distribution of cellCAM 105. The results support the hypothesis that cell-surface interactions mediated by cellCAM 105 might contribute to the regular organization of hepatocytes in the normal, mature liver plates. PMID- 3169153 TI - Growth and differentiation of circulating hemopoietic stem cells with atomic bomb irradiation-induced chromosome abnormalities. AB - The effects of atomic bomb irradiation on hemopoietic stem cells were studied cytogenetically using single colonies derived from hemopoietic progenitor cells. The subjects studied were 21 healthy atomic bomb survivors (10 males and 11 females) in the high dose exposure group (100+ rad) with a known high incidence (10% or more) of radiation-induced chromosome abnormalities in their peripheral blood lymphocytes (stimulated with phytohemagglutinin), and 11 nonexposed healthy controls (5 males and 6 females). Colony formation by circulating granulocyte macrophage (GM-CFC) and erythroid (BFU-E) progenitor cells was made by the methylcellulose method using peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Chromosome specimens were prepared from single colonies by our micromethod. The total number of colonies analyzed in the exposed group was 131 for GM-CFC and 75 for BFU-E. Chromosome abnormalities were observed in 15 (11.5%) and 9 (12.0%) colonies, respectively. In the control group, the total number of colonies analyzed was 61 for GM-CFC and 41 for BFU-E. None of these colonies showed chromosome abnormalities. The difference in incidence of chromosome abnormalities was highly significant by an exact test; p = 0.003 for GM-CFC and 0.017 for BFU-E. The karyotypes of chromosome abnormalities obtained from the colonies in the exposed group were mostly translocations, but deletion and marker chromosomes were also observed. In two individuals, such karyotypic abnormalities as observed in the peripheral lymphocytes were also seen in the myeloid progenitor cells. This finding suggests that atomic bomb irradiation produced a chromosome aberration on multipotent hemopoietic stem cells common to myeloid and lymphoid lineages. These stem cells, although carrying chromosome defects, are likely to have survived for more than 30 years, continuously producing progenitor cells capable of normal looking growth and differentiation. PMID- 3169154 TI - Bone marrow response to single small doses of irradiation: implications for stem cell functional organization. AB - The data collected in 107 experiments over 23 months have been pooled to indicate the responses of cellularity, stem cell (CFU-S) number, and CFU-S proliferation rate (CFU-S in S-phase) during early recovery of the bone marrow from 1.5 and 2.6 Gy irradiation. The bone marrow differentials and numbers of granulocyte macrophage progenitors (CFC-GM) were determined after irradiation with 1.5 Gy. The CFU-S proliferation rate was examined also in mice irradiated with 3.5-5.0 Gy. The data are discussed in the light of various hypotheses about the functional organization of the CFU-S population. It is proposed that the control of the CFU-S production rate is primary rather than the control of CFU-S numbers. PMID- 3169155 TI - Use of liquid culture and cell cycle analysis to compare drug damage following in vitro treatment of normal human bone marrow cells with adriamycin, arabinosyl cytosine, and etoposide. AB - The effects of adriamycin (ADM), arabinosyl-cytosine (ARA-C), and etoposide (VP16) were studied on human bone marrow mononucleated cells using colony formation in agar, a modified liquid culture system, and flow cytometry analysis of the cell cycle. Drug concentrations tested during a 1-h incubation ranged from 0.1 to 4 micrograms/ml for ADM, from 0.3 to 30 micrograms/ml for VP16, and from 10(-7) to 10(-3) M for ARA-C. Regression analysis of the dose-response curves was used to assess the drug concentration that inhibited 90% +/- 5% (LD90) of colony growth. LD90s were 0.4 microgram/ml for ADM, 20 micrograms/ml for VP16, and 10( 4) M for ARA-C. LD90-surviving cells were cultured in liquid medium for 3 weeks. Surviving cells over this time were 13% of the control for ADM, 22% for VP16, and 95.7% for ARA-C. Although cells decreased drastically in ADM- and VP16-treated samples, granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) per 10(5) surviving cells rose to twice the control for ADM, to 60% for VP16, and to 150% for ARA-C. Flow cytometry analysis of the cell cycle was performed at day 0 and at day 4 after treatment with the LD90 dose. It showed a rapid and reversible effect of ARA-C on cells in the S-phase, whereas the action of VP16 concerned all cells, regardless of their cycle phase. We conclude that the direct effects of the three drugs on CFU-GM in agar are poorly predictive of hematopoietic reconstitution capacity, except for VP16. Liquid culture gives a much more accurate appraisal of the long-term damage and recovery due to anticancer drugs. PMID- 3169156 TI - Talc granulomatosis in the rat: the relationship between osteoblast insufficiency and adjacent bone marrow hyperplasia. AB - Bone loss in talc granulomatosis is paralleled by hyperplasia of bone marrow in the rat. To test the hypothetical relation between those two phenomena, bone matrix osteoinduction was employed as a model in which bone formation and bone marrow appearance are separated in time. Implantation of demineralized bone matrix to normal rats was followed by three talc injections (one weekly), starting 1 week after matrix implantation. Implants of demineralized bone and [3H]thymidine-labeled tibial metaphyses from talc-injected and normal rats were analyzed histologically and evaluated for alkaline and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity on days 7, 14, 21, and 30 after matrix implantation. Analysis of tibial autoradiographs showed a marked growth arrest and bone marrow hyperplasia in talc-injected rats 7 days after first talc injection. Alkaline phosphatase activity in homogenates of bone implants was low in talc-injected rats on day 14 after implantation. Moreover, histology of the bone implants showed numerical and functional inhibition of osteoblasts on the same day, causing marked growth delay. Bone marrow appeared as late as day 21 after bone matrix implantation. We conclude that hyperplasia of the adjacent bone marrow is not the cause of bone loss in talc granulomatosis, but rather its compensatory consequence. PMID- 3169157 TI - Analysis of human hemopoietic progenitor cells for the expression of glycoprotein IIIa. AB - Human hemopoietic progenitor cells were examined for the expression of glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa). This protein, which forms the beta-subunit of the GPIIb/IIIa receptor for cytoadhesive proteins as well as the beta-subunit of the vitronectin receptor, represents the most sensitive cell surface marker so far identified for the megakaryocytic lineage. Bone marrow cells were fractionated by a discontinuous Percoll gradient to separate cells that form megakaryocytic colonies in culture (1.05 greater than rho less than 1.077 g/ml). Density centrifugation was followed by indirect immunopanning to select for an enriched population of progenitor cells depleted of most of the mature cells of the myeloid, lymphoid, and erythroid lineages. This cell suspension was labeled with antibodies directed against determinants of GPIIIa and analyzed using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Fractions of cells were sorted and analyzed for the ability to form hemopoietic colonies in culture. Our study demonstrated that megakaryocytic progenitor cells (CFU-M) as well as granulocyte macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-C), erythroid colony-forming units (BFU-E), and mixed lineage colony-forming units (CFU-GEMM) express HLA-DR antigens but lack GPIIIa. Therefore GPIIIa represents a marker that is not present on hemopoietic progenitor cells, but is expressed on the progenies of CFU-M. In view of the importance of GPIIIa as a component of receptors for cytoadhesive proteins, this finding may help to elucidate the adhesive interactions between early hemopoietic cells and bone marrow interstitium. PMID- 3169158 TI - Morphological changes in erythroblasts during erythropoietin-induced terminal differentiation in vitro. AB - Immature murine erythroblasts infected with the anemia-inducing strain of Friend virus (FVA cells) differentiate in vitro under the influence of erythropoietin (EP). These cells were used as a model for the examination of morphological changes occurring during terminal erythroid differentiation. FVA cells differentiate more completely in vitro in response to EP than continuous erythroleukemia cell lines do in response to chemical induction. Because they can be isolated in much greater numbers and in much higher purity than bone marrow or spleen cells explanted from anemic mice, FVA cells are an attractive alternative for studies of mammalian terminal erythroid differentiation. FVA cells cultured with EP followed a sequence of differentiation events that included a progressive decrease in cell size, disappearance of nucleoli, condensation of nuclei, and accumulation of hemoglobin. After 45 h of culture most FVA cells enucleated, giving rise to vacuolated reticulocytes and free nuclei that were surrounded by a thin layer of cytoplasm and a plasma membrane. The ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic volumes increased significantly by 24 h of culture but did not change significantly from 24 through 36 h of culture. Variation in the morphology of enucleating FVA cells indicated that not all cells proceeded through a rigorously defined series of morphological stages prior to enucleation. These results are discussed in terms of previous studies of erythroblast maturation. PMID- 3169159 TI - Culture of putative Langerhans cell bone marrow precursors: characterization of their phenotype. AB - We searched for the presence of human CD1-positive cells in bone marrow populations in order to characterize putative Langerhans cell precursors. Bone marrow progenitors were cultured in 0.8% methylcellulose supplemented with 10% granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony-stimulating factor(s) GCT and HTB9. We compared the kinetics of these two factors and found that GCT was the more appropriate for our study. After 8 days of culture, colony-forming units of granulocyte-macrophages (CFU-GM) were tested for the presence of CD1-positive cells using the immunofluorescence technique. Positive cells were counted by cytofluorometric analysis: 9.4% CD1a (BL6), 13.4% CD1c (L161), 4.3% CD1b (NuT2), 4.6% CD2 (T11), and 25.5% CD33 (My9). Ultrastructural features and phenotype were then specified by the immunogold labeling technique using electron microscopy. A subpopulation of CD1-positive cells showed the ultrastructural morphology of bone marrow pro-monocyte/monocyte cells. By using well-characterized monoclonal antibodies, it was demonstrated that these cells expressed the following phenotype: CD14+, CD33+, CD4+, HLA-DR+, HLA-DP+, HLA-DQ-, OKT10-, CD2-. These data indicate that these bone marrow promonocyte/monocyte progenitors express a phenotype similar to that of epidermal Langerhans cells but the density of each antigen is much lower than that observed on mature skin dendritic cells. PMID- 3169160 TI - Method for growing primitive erythroid progenitors (BFU-E) from rat bone marrow. AB - A method for growing erythroid bursts from rat bone marrow cells is presented. The methylcellulose culture technique with rat spleen-conditioned medium was used. Successful growth of rat BFU-E was obtained with 20% fetal bovine serum when anemic rat plasma was used as the source of erythropoietin. Plating efficiency was 60 BFU-E per 2 x 10(5) nucleated cells seeded. The proliferative activity determined by cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) suicide was about 22%. The effect of chronic hypertransfusion on erythroid colony formation is presented. PMID- 3169161 TI - Distribution of cochlear efferents and olivo-collicular neurons in the brainstem of rat and guinea pig. A double labeling study with fluorescent tracers. AB - In rat and guinea pig, cochlear efferents to the two ears were labeled simultaneously with different fluorescent tracers. It was found that in both species only few (1-3%) olivo-cochlear neurons were double-labeled and project to both cochleae. In most periolivary regions large olivocochlear neurons (OCN) projecting to the ipsilateral and contralateral side are intermingled and form a continuous cell column between the facial nucleus and lateral lemniscus. In a second series of experiments in rat, cochlear efferents and ascending olivo collicular neurons were labeled. Olivo-cochlear and olivo-collicular neurons are intermingled in the lateral superior olive (LSO) and in the ventromedial periolivary region. No double-labeled neurons were found that project to the cochlea and the inferior colliculus. PMID- 3169162 TI - Origin of cochlea efferents in some gerbil species. A comparative anatomical study with fluorescent tracers. AB - The distribution and the projection patterns of olivo-cochlear neurons (OCN) was studied in three species of gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus, Meriones tristrami, Pachyuromys duprasi) using fluorescent tracers (Fast blue, Diamidino yellow) in double labeling experiments. In all gerbil species up to 1600 retrogradely labeled neurons were found in the superior olivary complex. Small OCN were located inside or at the margins of the lateral superior olive. A second set of larger OCN was seen bilaterally in the periolivary region of the superior olivary complex forming an independent cell population within the trapezoid body. The exact locations of small and large OCN varied among the particular species. Quantitative results suggested that a gradual loss of large OCN might be a general feature of species with highly specialized frequency selectivity. PMID- 3169163 TI - Excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in cat hypoglossal motoneurons during swallowing. AB - The postsynaptic potentials produced in cat genioglossus and styloglossus motoneurons (GG- and SG-Mns) during swallowing were studied. During swallowing elicited by placing water on the dorsum of the tongue, the GG-muscle discharged for 80-210 ms (mean +/- S. D. 123 +/- 31 ms, N = 59) and was abruptly suppressed, and the SG-muscle began discharging in synchrony with the GG-muscle and discharged for 200-360 ms (mean +/- S. D. 247 +/- 36 ms, N = 59). The GG- and the SG-Mns were identified if unitary muscle activity followed the induced spike of the motoneuron one-for-one. During swallowing, excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were evoked in the SG-Mns regardless of the respiratory drive on the SG Mns, and inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) or EPSP-IPSP was evoked on the GG-Mns regardless of the respiratory drive on the GG-Mns. By increasing the intracellular concentration of chloride ions, the IPSP elicited in the GG-Mn during swallowing was turned into a depolarizing potential. In immobilized cats, a depolarizing potential and a depolarizing-hyperpolarizing potential sequence was evoked successively on a tongue retractor motoneuron and a tongue protruder motoneuron by repetitive electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve. PMID- 3169164 TI - Facilitation of muscle responses to magnetic brain stimulation by mechanical stimuli in man. AB - Transcranial magnetic brain stimuli were applied to 9 normal subjects and compound muscle action potentials were recorded from the right abductor digiti minimi with surface electrodes. Vibration of 120 Hz, 0.6 mm peak to peak amplitude, applied to the muscle tendon enhanced its responses to magnetic brain stimuli. This facilitation corresponds to the tonic vibration reflex. Inhibition of muscle responses was not seen with vibration. Thus it is likely that the known inhibition of stretch reflexes by vibration is purely presynaptic. Small rectangular mechanical stimuli (rise time 200 mm/s, amplitude 1 mm) applied to ADM elicited short and long loop reflex responses. When brain stimuli were give 7 16 ms after the muscle tap, muscle responses were enhanced. It is argued that this is a result of the summation of the effects of Ia afferent impulses and descending pyramidal volleys at the alpha motoneurones. A separate late facilitation corresponding with the arrival of muscle afferent inputs to the sensori-motor cortex was not seen. PMID- 3169165 TI - Common interneurones mediating cortical and tectal excitation of abducens motoneurones in the cat. AB - Tectal and cortical effects on abducens motoneurones were examined with intracellular recording techniques in cats under chloralose anaesthesia. Abducens motoneurones exhibited disynaptic EPSPs after stimulation of the contralateral superior colliculus and cerebral peduncle. The tectal disynaptic EPSPs were observed invariably in all motoneurones tested, while the peduncular EPSPs were observed only in 40% of motoneurones after stimulation of the contralateral cerebral peduncle. However, the tectal disynaptic EPSPs were consistently facilitated by conditioning peduncular stimulation in all motoneurones tested. These results indicated that the disynaptic excitatory tecto-abducens and cortico abducens pathways shared common premotor interneurones. The common interneurones which mediated the tectal and cortical disynaptic excitation of abducens motoneurones were explored in the pons. These interneurones were identified by the criteria that they were fired monosynaptically from both the tectum and the cerebral peduncle and were activated antidromically from the abducens nucleus. Systematic threshold mapping for the antidromic activation in and around the abducens nucleus indicated that they gave off many collateral branches in the nucleus. Such neurones were found in the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis, being distributed in the area extending 0.8-3 mm rostral to the rostral pole of the abducens nucleus, 1.3-2.7 mm deep from the dorsal surface of the brain stem, and 0.8-1.8 mm lateral from the midline. The present experiments strongly suggest that a group of neurones in the paramedian pontine reticular formation make direct excitatory connexions with abducens motoneurones and play a role of common interneurones that transmit both tectal and cortical commands. PMID- 3169166 TI - A functional analysis of the collicular output pathways: a dissociation of deficits following lesions of the dorsal tegmental decussation and the ipsilateral collicular efferent bundle in the Mongolian gerbil. AB - Mongolian gerbils received either lesions of the superior colliculus, small lesions of the uncrossed efferents of the superior colliculus, knifecuts of the dorsal tegmental decussation, or sham operations. The animals were subsequently tested for avoidance of overhead visual threat, orientation and locomotion toward small targets, and negotiation of a large barrier in order to reach a small target. Animals with collicular lesions showed no responses to overhead threat and had severe deficits in orienting to small targets. Animals with lesions of the uncrossed tectal efferents showed diminished responses to overhead threat but had no deficits in orienting to targets. Animals with lesions of the dorsal tegmental decussation showed only slight reductions in responses to overhead threats but clear impairments in the orientation tasks. The impairments in orientation, however, were less severe than those seen in collicular animals. Animals in all groups were able to negotiate barriers efficiently. These results suggest that separate output pathways of the superior colliculus mediate different types of visuomotor behaviours. The results further suggest that visual orientation to small targets does not depend completely on output through the predorsal bundle, but must also involve other collicular outputs. PMID- 3169167 TI - Conditions determining early modification of motor programmes in response to changes in target location. AB - Arm movements were studied in response to double-step stimuli in two-dimensional space. The inter-stimulus interval (ISI) between the two successive target presentations varied randomly between 25, 50, 75 and 100 ms. When ISI was 25 or 50 ms movement trajectories were sometimes modified by the second target already at the very onset of the movement. This modification was apparent from a change in the initial movement direction. A change in the initial movement direction occurred when the reaction time of the movement minus ISI was greater than 200 ms. The initial movement direction of these modified movements was in between the first and second target. To explain the results we conclude that 1) the internal representation of target position shifts gradually to its final position and 2) the motor programme uses as the goal of the movement this current internal representation that may not yet have reached that final position. PMID- 3169169 TI - Properties and localization of the anterior semicircular canal-activated vestibulocollic neurons in the cat. AB - Unit activities of secondary vestibular neurons that selectively responded to stimulation of the anterior semicircular canal nerve (ACN) were recorded extracellularly in the anesthetized cat. Axonal pathways and projections in the spinal cord of the ACN-activated neurons were examined by recording their antidromic responses to stimulation of the lateral and medial vestibulospinal tracts (LVST and MVST), and the bilateral neck extensor motoneuron pools in the C1 segment (C1 dorsal rami [DR] motoneuron pools). In order to determine whether the neurons had ascending axon collaterals to the extraocular motoneurons, the contralateral (c-) inferior oblique (IO) motoneuron pool was also stimulated. Twenty-seven neurons sent their axons to the ipsilateral (i-) C1DR motoneuron pool via the LVST without any projection to the extraocular motoneuron pool. All the cells except one were located in the ventral part of the lateral vestibular nucleus. This pathway produced monosynaptic EPSPs with short time-to-peak and short half-width in C1DR motoneurons (16/16 motoneurons). Eight neurons sent axons to the i-C1DR motoneuron pool via the MVST without any to the extraocular motoneuron pool. Cell somata were located in the descending nucleus or in the ventral part of the lateral nucleus. These neurons did not produce postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) in any C1DR motoneurons. All thirty-five neurons sending axons to the c-C1DR motoneuron pool have ascending axon collaterals to the c-IO motoneuron pool. PMID- 3169170 TI - Disturbances of motor output in a cat hindlimb muscle after acute dorsal spinal hemisection. AB - Force and electromyogram (EMG) responses of the medial gastrocnemius muscle were assessed during isometric contractions in 8 decerebrate cat preparations, before and after acute dorsal hemisection of the spinal cord at the T12 level. The measures derived included the relation between static force and mean rectified EMG, the EMG amplitude distribution, EMG power spectral density, and force power spectral density. Our findings were that the spinal lesion induced modifications in the shape of the EMG amplitude distribution, a substantial increase in mean rectified EMG per unit force, and increases in EMG spectral power and force spectral power over a broad band of frequencies. In 7/8 preparations, there was disproportionate enhancement of EMG spectral power below 40 Hz, with a commensurate reduction in the EMG mean power frequency (MPF) in 6 of these 7 cases. Recordings of motoneuron discharge from 9 decerebrate preparations taken before and after the spinal hemisection revealed that the lesion-induced changes in EMG and force power spectra were accompanied by lower mean discharge rates, and by a compression of the range of recruitment force. These changes in motoneuron rate and recruitment were probably responsible for the changes in EMG and force measures, especially for the relative increase in low-frequency EMG power. If these acute disturbances of motoneuron rate and recruitment persist in chronic human neurological disorders, they represent an important and largely unrecognized source of muscular weakness and increased fatigability. PMID- 3169168 TI - Segregation of lemniscal inputs and motor cortex outputs in cat ventral thalamic nuclei: application of a novel technique. AB - A double labeling method that permits accurate delineation of the terminals of medial lemniscal fibers was used to determine whether thalamic neurons projecting to motor cortex in the cat are in a position to be contacted by such terminals. Thalamic neurons in the VL nucleus were retrogradely labeled by injections of fluorogold placed in the cytoarchitectonically defined area 4, while lemniscal axons and their terminal boutons were anterogradely labeled, in a Golgi-like manner, from injections of Fast Blue placed under physiological control in different parts of the contralateral dorsal column nuclei. In additional experiments, spinothalamic fibers were similarly labeled by injections of Fast Blue in the spinal cord. The results reveal that there is no significant overlap in the distributions of lemniscal terminals and motor cortex-projecting neurons and that no somata or proximal dendrites of motor cortex-projecting neurons are in a position to receive lemniscal terminals. Spinothalamic terminals, on the other hand, end in clusters around motor cortex-projecting neurons in the VL nucleus as well as in other nuclei and are a more likely route for short latency somatosensory inputs to the motor cortex. PMID- 3169171 TI - GABAergic neurons containing somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the rat hippocampus and dentate gyrus. AB - The distribution of somatostatin-like immunoreactive (SS-LI) material and its colocalization with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-like immunoreactivity were studied in the rat hippocampus and dentate gyrus neurons using immunohistochemistry. In the dentate gyrus and CA1 region, SS-LI perikarya were concentrated in the hilus and in the stratum oriens, respectively, whereas immunoreactive cell bodies were rarely seen in other layers. Approximately half of the SS-LI neurons of the CA3 region were situated in the stratum oriens, the other half being scattered in strata pyramidale, lucidum and radiatum. About 90% of SS-LI neurons were also GAD-like immunoreactive, whereas about 14% of GAD-like immunoreactive (GAD-LI) neurons were SS-like immunoreactive. The percentage of GAD-LI neurons which were also immunoreactive for SS varied from one layer to the other. This percentage was about 30% in the hilus of the dentate gyrus and in the stratum oriens of the CA1 and CA3 regions; it was 5-10% in the strata pyramidale, lucidum and radiatum of the CA3 region and reached only 2% in the granule cell layer and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and in the stratum pyramidale and stratum radiatum in the CA1 region. These observations indicate that the majority of SS-LI neurons in the rat hippocampal formation are a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons. PMID- 3169172 TI - An afterhyperpolarization recorded in striatal cells 'in vitro': effect of dopamine administration. AB - Parahorizontal slices of the neostriatum from young adult male rats were maintained at the fluid interface of a perfusion chamber. Intracellular recordings were made with potassium acetate filled micropipettes. The mean resting membrane potential of the neurones was -84 mV and all produced action potentials which overshot 0 mV. All the cells were silent at resting membrane potentials and only fired in response to depolarizing pulses delivered through the intracellular electrode. When long pulses were applied, the firing rate within the train of action potentials evoked was slower at the end of the pulse. In a very few cells at resting membrane potential, but in all cells depolarised from a holding potential of -65 mV, the resulting train of action potentials was followed by a slow hyperpolarizing potential. The potential observed was smaller in amplitude than the afterhyperpolarization seen in hippocampal pyramidal cells in vitro, but its voltage sensitivity was similar. Iontophoresis of dopamine (DA) close to the recording pipette resulted in two distinct actions. Firstly, DA reduced the number of action potentials following a short pulse, by increasing the threshold for spike initiation. Secondly, it also inhibited the hyperpolarizing potential which followed trains of action potentials even when allowance was made for the increased firing threshold. The inhibition of this hyperpolarization was accompanied by an increase in the number of spikes per pulse. Whether these two actions of DA are mediated by a single receptor/membrane action is unclear. Nevertheless, they may help to reconcile the contradictory literature regarding the action of DA upon extra-cellular responses in striatal cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3169173 TI - Short latency compensatory eye movement responses to transient linear head acceleration: a specific function of the otolith-ocular reflex. AB - Normal subjects were exposed to 0.26 g linear acceleration steps along the inter aural axis whilst they fixated an earth stationary target at 110 cm distance. The stimulus evoked slow phase eye movements at a mean latency of 34 ms which attained the relative target velocity in 113 ms. In contrast, visual following with head fixed, of identical relative target motion, had significantly longer latencies and time to match target velocity. The short latency responses to linear acceleration were absent in an alabyrinthine subject. It is concluded that the otolith-ocular reflex is responsible for the short latency responses to linear head movement and functions to stabilise vision during sudden head movement before visually guided compensatory eye movements take effect. PMID- 3169174 TI - Neuronal activity in the monkey striatum during the initiation of movements. AB - The sources of afferent input to the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) suggest that this structure may be engaged in neuronal processes related to the initiation of movement. We found that 26% of 508 neurons in both parts of the striatum were activated during the presentation of visual signals which prepared the animals for the execution or withholding of individual arm reaching movements. In a second task, 20% of 382 striatal neurons were activated up to 3 s before self-initiated, non automatic and purposive arm movements which were performed in the complete absence of phasic external stimuli. The data demonstrate an involvement of the striatum in externally and internally generated processes which are related to presetting mechanisms during the initiation of behavioral acts. PMID- 3169175 TI - The involvement of the temporal lobes in colour discrimination. AB - Monkeys with ablation of lateral striate, prestriate or inferotemporal cortex were compared with unoperated controls in their ability to discriminate Munsell colours, or greys, of increasing difficulty. Whereas lateral striate or prestriate lesions centred on visual area V4 mildly impaired only the most difficult discriminations, inferotemporal ablation resulted in a severe impairment in the acquisition of colour discriminations. However, the ability to discriminate greys was much less affected. PMID- 3169176 TI - Autoradiographic localization of binding sites for muscarinic and nicotinic agonists and antagonists on cultured astrocytes. AB - The cellular localization of cholinergic binding sites was studied in organotypic cultures of rat spinal cord and brain stem by means of autoradiography with radiolabelled muscarinic and nicotinic agonists and antagonists. Many astrocytes in both types of cultures showed intense labelling by 3H-acetylcholine in the presence of nicotine and the muscarinic antagonists 3H-pirenzepine, 3H quinuclidinyl benzilate and 3H-propylbenzilcholine mustard. Incubation of the cultures with 3H-nicotine or 3H-acetylcholine in the presence of atropine also caused labelling of astrocytes. In addition to glial cells, many neurones showed binding of muscarinic and nicotinic agonists and antagonists. From our results it is suggested that astrocytes, besides neurones, possess both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. PMID- 3169177 TI - Neural correlates of motion after-effects in cat striate cortical neurones: monocular adaptation. AB - Motion after-effects were elicited from striate cortical cells in lightly anaesthetized cats, by adapting with square-wave gratings or randomly textured fields drifting steadily and continuously in preferred or null directions. The time-course and recovery of responsiveness following adaptation were assessed with moving bars, gratings or textured fields. Results were compared with controls in which the adapting stimulus was replaced by a uniform field of identical mean luminance, and also assessed in relation to the strength and time course of adaptation. Within 30-60 s adaptation, firing declined to a steady state. Induced after-effects were direction-specific, and manifest as a transitory depression in response to the direction of prior adaptation, recovering to control levels in 30-60 s. Maximal after-effects were induced by gratings of optimal drift velocity and spatial frequency. With rare exceptions after-effects were restricted to driven activity; no consistent effects on resting discharge were observed. The onset of adaptation, and the recovery period, were more rapid in simple cells, although after-effects of comparable strength were elicited from simple and from standard complex cells. Special complex cells, including many of the more profoundly texture-sensitive neurones in the cortex, were more resistant to adaptation. The results support the conclusion that psychophysically measured adaptation and induced motion after effect phenomena reflect the known properties of cortical neurones. PMID- 3169178 TI - Facilitatory effect of ventral tegmental area A10 region on the attack behaviour in the cat: possible dopaminergic role in selective attention. AB - Lateral hypothalamus (LH) stimulation in cats which do not spontaneously attack rats, produces an attack pattern which may be divided into 3 main stages: the first, defined as exploratory time (ET), begins with an environmental search and culminates in orienting towards the prey; in the second, defined as attack time (AT), the cat stalks the rat; the last is the biting stage in which the cat seizes and kills the prey by biting its head and neck. The effects of ventral tegmental area (VTA) stimulation on the latency of the whole sequence and on the different stages of the attack pattern were studied. VTA activation resulted in a significant decrease of biting latency, due to the reduction of exploratory time. Moreover, a significant period of prey fixation, seldom present during LH stimulation alone, was observed after VTA-LH co-stimulation. Sulpiride injection caused the disappearance of VTA effects on the predatory pattern. The results indicate that VTA activation induces a decrease in behaviour related to exploration of the environment, and an increase in the focusing of attention on the prey, which seems an important component in the regulation of the predatory pattern. Pharmacological evidence indicates that the VTA effect is mediated by the mesolimbic-mesocortical dopaminergic (DA) system. PMID- 3169179 TI - Time constants of facilitation and depression in Renshaw cell responses to random stimulation of motor axons. AB - In 9 adult anaesthetized cats, 22 lumbosacral Renshaw cells recorded with NaCl filled micropipettes were activated by random stimulation of ventral roots or peripheral nerves. The stimulus patterns had mean rates of 9.5-13 or 20-23 or 45 pulses per second and were pseudo-Poisson; short intervals below ca. 5 ms (except in two cases) were excluded. The Renshaw cell responses were evaluated by two kinds of peristimulus-time histograms (PSTHs). "Conventional" PSTHs were calculated by averaging the Renshaw cell discharge with respect to all the stimuli in a train. These PSTHs showed an early excitatory response which was often followed by a longer-lasting slight reduction of the discharge probability. These two response components were positively correlated. "Conditional" PSTHs were determined by averaging the Renshaw cell discharge with respect to the second ("test") stimulus in pairs of stimuli which were separated by varied intervals, delta. The direct effect of the first "conditional" response was subtracted from the excitation following the second ("test") stimulus so as to isolate the effect caused by the second stimulus per se. After such a correction, the effect of the first "conditioning" stimulus showed pure depression, pure facilitation or mixed facilitation/depression. Analysis of such conditioning curves yielded two time constants of facilitation (ranges: ca. 4-35 ms and 93-102 ms) and two of depression (ranges: ca. 7-25 ms and 50-161 ms). It is concluded that these time constants are compatible with processes of short-term synaptic plasticity known from other synapses. Other processes such as afterhyperpolarization and mutual inhibition probably are of less importance. PMID- 3169181 TI - Neuronal synchrony in monkey striate cortex: interocular signal flow and dependency on spike rates. AB - A hypercolumn of monkey striate cortex was studied with an array of 30 closely spaced microelectrodes. Prominent broad peaks appearing in spike train correlograms are considered here. These were not due to shared stimulation, were mostly 30 to 100 ms wide, and were presumably the consequence of intraretinal lateral interactions. The correlogram peak areas were found to be predictable from the products of the spike rates, to which they were proportional. One can conclude that the correlation occurs before the overall reduction of spike rates from retina to cortex takes place. Furthermore, when a neurone dominated by one eye was stimulated via that eye, the correlogram formed with a neurone dominated by the other eye showed a displaced peak, indicating that excitation traveled from the well-responding to the unresponsive neurone in about 10 ms. When a left eye stimulus was delivered, the same pair of neurones had a correlogram with a reversed peak displacement. This effect was only observed in layers IVb and c, indicating that in these layers the paths from the two eyes to a given cell are of unequal length, whereas in other layers, cells receive input from both eyes via similar connections differing only in strength. PMID- 3169180 TI - Kainic acid induces long-lasting depolarizations in hippocampal neurons only when applied to stratum lucidum. AB - The actions of alpha-kainic acid (KA) were reexamined in thin sections of the hippocampus and the cerebellum of the guinea pig in view of various discrepancies between our previous findings and reports from other laboratories. Brief pulses of KA ejected in st. lucidum in the CA3 region induced short- and long-lasting depolarizations in neurons nearby, whereas those ejected in st. radiatum or st. oriens induced only short-lasting responses. Neurons in CA1 region and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum generated only short-lasting depolarizations in response to KA pulses ejected in their dendritic fields. The short-lasting KA responses in CA1 region were sensitive to gamma-D-glutamylglycine and pentobarbital. The slow KA responses were suppressed by kynurenic acid. They were not accompanied by increases in extracellular potassium concentration. These results suggest that the mossy fiber-innervated portions of the surface membrane of CA3 neurons have a type of KA receptor different from those ubiquitously distributed in central neurons. PMID- 3169182 TI - Decrementing expiratory neurons of the Botzinger complex. I. Response to lung inflation and axonal projection. AB - In Nembutal-anesthetized, immobilized, and artificially ventilated cats with intact vagus nerves, extracellularly recorded activities of expiratory (E) neurons whose firing patterns were of decrementing, or the early expiration type (E-DEC neurons) were recorded in the vicinity of the Botzinger complex (BOT). A total of 32 E-DEC neurons which were not vagal motoneurons was studied by determining 1) where they were distributed, 2) how their firing was modulated by lung inflation, and 3) if they projected their axons to the respiratory area of the brain stem. E-DEC neurons were located ventromedially to the retrofacial nucleus and were intermingled with E neurons of the augmenting type (E-AUG neurons), which were abundant and representative of neurons in the BOT. Firing of 25 E-DEC neurons was facilitated by lung inflation, indicating the existence of excitatory input from stretch receptors of the lungs, although the firing of 7 other neurons was not affected. On the other hand, firing of surrounding E-AUG neurons was suppressed by lung inflation. The E-DEC neurons fired in the E phase during a brief stop of the ventilator, indicating that they received central respiratory rhythm. However, they almost never fired during the inspiratory (I) phase even when the lungs were strongly inflated, indicating the existence of strong central inhibition during the I phase. Eight E-DEC neurons were tested for antidromic activation from the contralateral brain stem and the spinal cord by microstimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3169183 TI - Decrementing expiratory neurons of the Botzinger complex. II. Direct inhibitory synaptic linkage with ventral respiratory group neurons. AB - In Nembutal-anesthetized, immobilized and artificially ventilated cats, decrementing expiratory (E-DEC) neurons which were excited by lung inflation were isolated in the vicinity of the Botzinger complex. Then intracellular recordings were made from the respiratory neurons in the contralateral ventral respiratory group (VRG). The intracellular membrane potentials were averaged using extracellular spikes of the E-DEC neurons as triggers (spike-triggered averaging method). Hyperpolarizing potentials locked to the triggering spikes were obtained and they were shown to be unitary IPSPs since their polarity was reversed when averaged during passage of hyperpolarizing current. The latencies of antidromic activation of the E-DEC neurons from the area of intracellular recordings were shorter by about 0.2 ms than those of unitary IPSPs. This showed that the connections were monosynaptic. A total of 47 pairs were analyzed and unitary IPSPs were found in 12 pairs. The E-DEC neurons inhibited both inspiratory and expiratory neurons, including bulbospinal inspiratory neurons, propriobulbar inspiratory neurons, and vagal motoneurons with expiratory activity. These inhibitory E-DEC neurons, receiving excitatory inputs from the stretch receptors of the lungs, presumably intervene in reflex loops such as the Hering-Breuer reflex and may make some contribution to normal breathing. PMID- 3169184 TI - Axonal projections from Botzinger expiratory neurons to contralateral ventral and dorsal respiratory groups in the cat. AB - We studied projection patterns of the augmenting expiratory neurons of the Botzinger complex (BOT) in the contralateral brainstem. Three experimental approaches were used: 1) electrophysiological analysis using antidromic microstimulation, and morphological analyses using 2) intraaxonal injection of HRP, and 3) application of the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L). Taken together, the three methods revealed morphological details of the axonal arborizations of the expiratory neurons in the BOT and the ventral respiratory group (VRG). The majority of augmenting expiratory neurons of the BOT had axonal collaterals in the contralateral brainstem. The stem axons to the contralateral side crossed the midline almost at the level of the cell somata. They descended dorsomedial to the ventral spinocerebellar tract and gave off collateral branches directed dorsomedially. Terminal boutons were distributed abundantly in the caudal part of the BOT and in the more caudally situated VRG. Axon collaterals sometimes ran to the dorsal respiratory group (DRG) and distributed terminal boutons there. Together with the fact of extensive ipsilateral arborizations shown previously, the present results indicate that the augmenting expiratory neurons of the BOT have wide bilateral influence on the BOT, VRG, DRG, and spinal cord. PMID- 3169185 TI - The cholinergic innervation of the rat substantia nigra: a light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical study. AB - Putative cholinergic axons and synaptic endings were demonstrated in the substantia nigra (SN) of the rat by light and electron microscopy on the basis of the localization of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity. The distribution of ChAT immunoreactivity in the SN as demonstrated by light microscopy revealed a modest network of ChAT-immunoreactive beaded axons in the SNc, in comparison to a relatively sparse distribution in the SNr. These axonal profiles were most dense in the middle of the rostral-caudal extent of the SNc and appeared to be concentrated in the middle third of the medial-lateral extent. By electron microscopy, unmyelinated, small diameter (0.25 micron) ChAT-immuno reactive axons were observed interspersed among numerous other non-immunoreactive axons in the SNc. ChAT-immunoreactive synaptic endings were observed in juxtaposition to small caliber (0.5 micron) non-immunoreactive dendrites, and contained numerous spheroidal synaptic vesicles and occasional mitochondria. Synaptic contact zones were characterized by an accumulation of synaptic vesicles along the presynaptic membrane, and a prominent postsynaptic densification producing an asymmetrical pre-/postsynaptic membrane profile typical of excitatory synapses. These findings provide direct evidence for a cholinergic innervation of the SN, and suggest that this input may have an excitatory effect on neuronal elements in the SNc. PMID- 3169186 TI - Stimulus contrast and visual cortical lesions. AB - Intact animals can make fine orientation discriminations over a wide range of contrasts. After ablation of area 17 deficits in orientation discrimination are observed only at low contrast. The relevance of this finding for the design of sensitive ablation experiments is discussed. PMID- 3169187 TI - Auditory cortical responses to neonatal deafening: pyramidal neuron spine loss without changes in growth or orientation. AB - Neonatal rabbits were unilaterally deafened at birth by surgical removal of the stapes, aspiration of the cochlear lymph, and kanamycin injection into the oval window. At 60 days of age, all rabbits were screened with brain stem evoked response tests in order to establish the efficacy of the deafening procedure. The auditory cortex contralateral to the destroyed cochlea was processed according to Golgi-Cox/Nissl procedures. Temporal bone histology revealed nearly complete outer hair cell loss in the damaged cochlea. The dendritic system of lamina III/IV pyramidal neurons contralateral to the deafened ear was digitized from frontal sections using a computer microscope system. Spine counts were also made along the basal dendrites. Spine counts revealed that neonatally deafened rabbits and 38.7% fewer spines along their basal dendrites. No differences between experimental and control rabbits were found in terms of soma cross-sectional area, total number of basal dendrites, total number of dendritic branches and total basal dendritic length. A fan-in projection of the dendritic system revealed no changes in the radial growth of basal dendrites resulting from the early acoustic trauma. In a prior study, spine-free nonpyramidal neurons in the same sections revealed altered dendritic growth and abnormally recurved dendrites. The separate response of pyramidal and nonpyramidal cell types to early cochlear damage is evidence for the different role of epigenetic determinants of dendritic form and orientation in sensory neocortical neurons. PMID- 3169190 TI - Mechanoreceptive afferent activity in the infraorbital nerve in man during speech and chewing movements. AB - The method of microneurography was used to record activity in trigeminal cutaneous and mucosal mechanoreceptive afferents during natural orofacial behaviors such as speech gestures, chewing, licking and swallowing. Multi-unit activity and impulses in single nerve fibers were recorded from the infraorbital nerve. It appeared that these mechanoreceptors respond to contact between the lips, air pressures generated for speech sounds, and to the deformation/strain changes of the facial skin and mucosa associated with various phases of voluntary lip and jaw movements. The relatively vigorous discharge of cutaneous and mucosal afferents during natural movements of the face are consistent with the claim that mechanoreceptors found within the facial skin provide proprioceptive information on facial movements. PMID- 3169188 TI - Split chiasm developmentally induced in kittens: plasticity of interhemispheric transfer in visual cortex cells. AB - Visual callosal transfer during development was studied in order to reveal plasticity-related compensation for the absence of direct contralateral inputs. The optic chiasm was midsagittally sectioned in 6-8 weeks old kittens (OCK) and for comparison, in adult cats (OCA). Unit recording was made during adulthood in the border area between visual cortex areas 17 and 18, namely the callosal projection zone. The proportion of cells showing interhemispheric transfer in the OCK group, as indicated by the presence of visual input from the contralateral eye was 10.5%; in the OCA cats their proportion was 4.0%. Moreover, 2.3% of the cells showed a pure transfer of input from the contralateral eye in the OCK, although none was seen in the OCA cats. Thus, during the developmental period, a plasticity induced process, albeit limited, takes place in the enhancement of interhemispheric transfer of visual information. PMID- 3169189 TI - Mechanoreceptor activity from the human face and oral mucosa. AB - The feasibility of adopting the microneurography technique (Vallbo and Hagbarth 1968) as a tool to investigate the mechanoreceptive innervation of peri- and intra-oral tissues was explored. Multi-unit activity and impulses in single nerve fibers were recorded from the infraorbital nerve in healthy volunteers. The innervation territories of individual nerve fascicles were mapped. These varied considerably but most fascicle fields comprised the corner of the mouth. Twenty four single mechanoreceptive units were recorded. Eighteen innervated the skin of the face, and six innervated the mucous membranes of the lips or cheeks. A majority of the mechanoreceptive afferent units were slowly adapting with small and well defined receptive fields. It is suggested that the various slowly adapting responses may originate from two different types of afferent units. No afferents showed response properties similar to typical Pacinian-corpuscle afferents. PMID- 3169191 TI - Neural correlates of motion after-effects in cat striate cortical neurones: interocular transfer. AB - Interocular transfer of motion after-effects was assessed in the lightly anaesthetized feline striate cortex. Neurones were adapted with square-wave gratings of optimal orientation and spatial frequency, or with randomly textured fields, drifting continuously at optimal velocity in their preferred or null directions. Neural after-effects were assessed as consequent changes in directional bias, using similar test patterns swept back-and-forth in the same directions and presented to the same or opposite eyes. All results were compared with controls, embodying similar tests following a period of exposure to a uniform background or stationary textured field. The majority of binocularly driven complex and simple cells tested evinced positive interocular transfer of after-effects. After-effects, whether elicited monocularly or interocularly, were direction-specific. With gratings, after-effects elicited interocularly were always weaker than those obtained monocularly. After-effects evoked monocularly by texture adaptation were weak in comparison to those evoked by gratings; interocular transfer in this case was negligible. In neurones strongly dominated by one eye, adaptation of the non-driving eye yielded, at best, extremely weak after-effects through the other eye. In purely monocular neurones, no transfer could be induced. These results confirm the expectation that motion after-effects arise cortically rather than precortically. The partial interocular transfer seen in binocularly-driven cortical cells suggests that these neurones represent a second-stage processing of inputs from lower-order complex (or simple) cells, themselves driven monocularly or strongly dominated by one eye. PMID- 3169192 TI - Vibratory detection thresholds following a digital nerve lesion. AB - Vibratory detection thresholds were measured at a number of frequencies between 5 and 320 Hz following a lesion of the lateral digital nerve innervating the terminal phalanx of the left index finger. Thresholds measurements began approximately 4 weeks after the nerve was repaired. A staircase method was used to determine thresholds on both the injured fingerpad and the intact fingerpad of the opposite hand. There was a large increase in thresholds on the injured fingerpad in the lower range of frequencies (5-40 Hz) while at higher frequencies (80-250 Hz) there was no significant difference between the thresholds on the injured fingerpad and those on the intact fingerpad. It is suggested that the differential effect of the nerve lesion on vibratory thresholds reflects the spread of the vibratory stimulus through the skin and the spatial characteristics of functionally intact receptor/afferent groups innervating neighbouring skin. PMID- 3169193 TI - Horizontal optokinetic ocular nystagmus in wildtype (B6CBA+/+) and weaver mutant mice. AB - Horizontal optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) evoked by a random dot pattern moving at a constant speed around the animal was investigated in wildtype mice and "Weaver" mutants (cerebellar impairment) by means of chronically implanted EOG-electrodes. The shape of OKN in the homozygotic Weaver mouse was clearly different from that in normal mice. The OKN in the mutant showed inconstant velocity during the slow phase. Nystagmus frequency of the mutant was significantly below that of normal controls for velocities of 1.4 to 25 degrees.s-1. In one group of normals the mean slow-phase gain was relatively constant for stimulus angular velocities between 1.4 and 15 degrees.s-1 and declined thereafter. In a second group the mean slow-phase gain decreased gradually between stimulus angular velocities from 1.4 to 15 degrees.s-1 and thereafter with a steeper slope. In mutants gain decreases with increasing stimulus velocity over the entire range tested (1.4 to 42 degrees.s-1). Normals and mutants with one eye occluded exhibited strong OKN when the pattern was moved in a temporonasal direction; little response was obtained by stimuli moving in a naso-temporal direction. PMID- 3169194 TI - Inhibitory processes in development of seizure activity in hippocampal slices. AB - The possibility that changes in inhibitory processes are necessary for development of seizure activity was examined using guinea pig hippocampal slices. After repeated tetanic stimulation to the stratum radiatum in region CA3, seizure discharges were evoked in the stratum pyramidale by test stimuli. The latency of the seizure discharges was shortened and the duration was prolonged progressively with the number of tetanic stimulations. The latency ranged from 30 to 100 ms and it was decreased successively as the distance between the recording site and the site of tetanic stimulation was decreased. This suggests that the foci of the seizure discharges existed near the site of tetanic stimulation. In neurons within the foci, inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and the suppressing action of alveus stimulation on glutamate-induced single cell discharges remained unchanged during development of seizure activity, although excitatory postsynaptic potentials were potentiated. In addition, no marked changes were detected in the input resistance, resting membrane potential and the amplitude, threshold and afterhyperpolarization of action potentials. These results suggest that suppression of inhibitory processes do not necessary for tetanus-induced seizure activity. PMID- 3169195 TI - Membrane properties, response to amines and to tetanic stimulation of hippocampal neurons in the genetically epileptic mutant mouse tottering. AB - The petit-mal seizures of the "tottering" mutant mouse (tg) have been attributed to an exaggerated noradrenergic projection from locus coeruleus to the telencephalon (Noebels 1984). In order to investigate the possible epileptogenic mechanisms involved, we have compared hippocampal slices from epileptic (tg/tg) and phenotypically healthy (tg/+) mice. Resting potentials, action potentials and afterpotentials, membrane impedances and time constants were not significantly different in 11 neurons from each group. Bath application of noradrenaline, isoproterenol and histamine or a transient exposure to Mg++-free medium caused a long lasting increase in extracellularly recorded population spikes induced in CA1 by electrical stimulation of stratum radiatum. Isoproterenol blocked the calcium dependent afterhyperpolarization and accommodation of firing. Tetanization of afferent fibres evoked post-tetanic potentiation and long-term potentiation. All these results are qualitatively similar to those previously described in rats and guinea pigs and have revealed no significant difference between tg/tg and tg/+ mice. PMID- 3169198 TI - Development of the kitten visual cortex depends on the relationship between the plane of eye movements and visual inputs. AB - 1. Previous experiments have demonstrated that eye movements, acting through the extraocular muscle (EOM) proprioceptive afferents, are necessary for the development of orientation selectivity in the cells of the kitten visual cortex. New experiments were carried out to study the effect of the plane of eye movements on the preferred orientation acquired by the visual cortical cells. 2. Dark-reared (DR) kittens were operated on at 5-6 weeks of age. In the first series of experiments, 4 out of the 6 EOMs were removed bilaterally in such a way that both eyes could only move in a single plane, either vertical or horizontal. In the second series of experiments, the same operation was performed on one eye which was also sutured shut and, on the other side, the EOM were deafferented by intracranial section of the ophthalmic branch of Vth nerve and the eye left open. 3. 1-4 days after surgery the kittens were given 6 h of visual experience and 12 h later were prepared for visual cell recording in Area 17. 4. In kittens of the first series: orientation selectivity developed in the majority (60-65%) of visual cells, most of which encoded horizontal orientations when the eyes had moved in the vertical plane and vertical orientations when the eyes had moved in the horizontal plane. These results show that the plane of eye movements during early visual experience influences the distribution of preferred orientations with an orthogonal relation. Ocular dominance histograms were "strabismic like". 5. In kittens of the second series: orientation selectivity developed in 40-50% of cells, about half of which were tuned for the orientation orthogonal to the direction of movement of the occluded eye, as in experiment I. The seeing, deafferented eye, presumably would have sent normal visual inputs centrally, corresponding to displacements on the retina in every direction since the ocular motility of that eye had not been disturbed. However, proprioceptive information about its movements was suppressed. As only some of the EOMs of the occluded eye were still present and connected, the conclusion is that the observed influence of the plane of eye movements acts through the proprioceptive afferents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3169197 TI - Immunocytochemical evaluation of a cholinergic-specific ganglioside antigen (Chol 1) in the central nervous system of the rat. AB - Previous work from this laboratory has identified gangliosidic surface markers specific for cholinergic neurons. Antibodies to these markers, collectively designated Chol-1, induce complement-mediated lysis of the cholinergic subpopulation of synaptosomes and provide the basis for a new immunocytochemical method for staining cholinergic neurons in rat, guinea pig and human material. The specification and localization of immunocytochemical staining for Chol-1 was investigated in selected areas of the rat central nervous system. The antigen was typically expressed on all neurons previously identified as being cholinergic using monoclonal antibodies to choline acetyltransferase. At spinal levels Chol-1 was present on large and smaller cell bodies in the ventral horn motoneuron area. The preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the thoracic intermediolateral nucleus were also Chol-1-positive. Nerve terminal-like staining was observed in association with stained large Chol-1 positive and smaller unstained Chol-1 negative neurons, and in lamina I and III of the dorsal horn. In the mesencephalon, motoneurons of the oculomotor and trochlear nucleus, as well as neurons within the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and the red nucleus were Chol-1-positive. In addition visceromotoneurons of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus were stained with anti-Chol-1 antibodies. In the basal forebrain the antibodies gave a positive reaction on well known cholinergic neurons in the vertical and horizontal limbs of the diagonal bands of Broca and the medial forebrain bundle. In agreement with studies using antibodies to choline acetyltransferase, a small subpopulation of neostriatal neurons (1-2%) was Chol-1-positive. In the rat retina, both anti-Chol-1 and anti-choline acetyltransferase antibodies gave rise to a nerve terminal-like staining in the same bands within the inner plexiform layer. The anti-Chol-1 antibodies also stain normal and pathological human material and could have a useful application in human neuropathology. PMID- 3169199 TI - Human smooth pursuit during transient perturbations of predictable and unpredictable target movement. AB - The predictive component of human smooth pursuit was studied by perturbing sinusoidal target motion at unpredictable instants. The disturbances consisted of either a brief period of stabilization of the target on the fovea or a replacement of the sine by a ramp displacement for half a period. To minimize the effects of a possible change of the tracking strategy by the subject the transitions were masked and only the initial part of the response to the disturbance was analyzed. After stabilization on the fovea the eye oscillation continued at the frequency of the preceding target movement for about one half cycle, whereupon the oscillation was rapidly damped. The mean unidirectional smooth eye acceleration was 70% of the mean unidirectional target acceleration prior to the stabilization. This suggests that during pursuit of a sinusoidal target movement about 75% of the oculomotor response is generated by predictive processes. When the sine was replaced by a ramp, starting at the velocity zero crossing, the eye accelerated away from the target for ca. 180 ms irrespective of the frequency of prior tracking. In contrast, when the ramp started at the peak velocity of the sinusoidal target motion the eye accelerated away from the target for more than a quarter period. After foveal stabilization during pursuit of a pseudorandom stimulus, the eye continued to oscillate for less than one period at approximately the highest frequency present in the stimulus. The frequency characteristics of human smooth pursuit of predictable as well as unpredictable target motion were correctly simulated by a model, which derived its predictive properties from a lead element, tuned to the current frequency of the target motion. PMID- 3169196 TI - Inhibition of the responses of cat dorsal horn neurons to noxious skin heating by stimulation in medial or lateral medullary reticular formation. AB - Responses of single lumbar dorsal horn units to noxious radiant heating (50 degrees C, 10 s) of glabrous footpad skin were recorded in cats anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and 70% nitrous oxide. The heat-evoked responses of 37/40 units were reduced during electrical stimulation (100 ms trains, 100 Hz, 3/s, 25 600 microA) in the medullary nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) and/or in laterally adjacent regions of the medullary reticular formation (MRF). Inhibition was elicited by stimulation in widespread areas of the medulla, but with greatest efficacy at ventrolateral sites. The magnitude of inhibition increased with graded increases in medullary stimulation intensity. Mean current intensities at threshold for inhibition or to produce 50% inhibition were higher for NRM than for MRF sites. Units' responses to graded noxious heat stimuli increased linearly from threshold (42-43 degrees C) to 52 degrees C. During NRM (5 units) or ipsilateral MRF stimulation (7 units), responses were inhibited such that the mean temperature-response functions were shifted toward higher temperatures with increased thresholds (1.5 degrees and 1 degree C, respectively) and reduced slopes (to 60% of control). Contralateral MRF stimulation had a similar effect in 4 units. Inhibitory effects of NRM and MRF stimulation were reduced (by greater than 25%) or abolished in 4/6 and 5/12 units, respectively, following systemic administration of the serotonin antagonist methysergide. Inhibitory effects from NRM, ipsi- and contralateral MRF were reduced or abolished in 2/9, 4/8 and 6/9 cases, respectively, following systemic administration of the noradrenergic antagonist phentolamine. These results confirm and extend previous studies of medullospinal inhibition and the role of monoamines, and are discussed in terms of analgesic mechanisms. PMID- 3169200 TI - Nematospiroides dubius: genetic control of immunity to infections of mice. AB - Inbred strains of mice differ in their susceptibility and resistance to challenge infections with Nematospiroides dubius. In our studies, F1 hybrid mice from resistant SJL and susceptible CBA parents were resistant to N. dubius challenge infections. Only 22% of backcrosses to SJL were susceptible while backcrosses to CBA had a wide range of susceptibility. Male mice were more susceptible than female mice. In another experiment, inbred strains of mice were compared in their ability to resist N. dubius challenge infection: SJL and A.SW (H-2s) mice became resistant after one immunizing infection, A, A/He (both H-2a), as well as BALB/c and DBA/2 (both H-2d) mice became resistant after two immunizing infections, while C57BL/6 (H-2b), C3H/He, CBA, and AKR (H-2k) mice remained susceptible. The resistance to reinfections was characterized by reduction of worm burdens between Days 6 and 14 postinfection. It was concluded that (1) resistance to N. dubius challenge infections is inherited in a dominant fashion and that multiple genes may influence such response, which in turn might be modulated by the Y chromosome; (2) both MHC and non-MHC genes may influence, in conjunction with the number of exposures to parasite antigens, the resistance to challenge infections. PMID- 3169201 TI - Trypanosoma brucei brucei: variability in the association of some variant surface glycoproteins. AB - In our isolation procedure, the surface antigens of the variants AnTat 1.1 and 1.10 (Trypanosoma brucei brucei) are essentially obtained as a disulfide-linked dimer while the AnTat 1.8 surface antigen is found as a mixture of monomer and disulfide-linked dimer. This observation may be related to the localization of the cysteine residues in the protein sequences. In the purification procedure using concanavalin-A Sepharose chromatography, besides the VSG elution by methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside, a quantitative elution of still bound VSG may be obtained by the addition of beta-mercaptoethanol to methyl-alpha-D mannopyrannoside in the elution buffer. The surface antigen of the variant AnTat 1.1 was examined for molecular form at several different times during the release procedure. The disulfide-linked dimer could be observed within 30 min of the surface coat release, indicating its presence within the parasite. PMID- 3169202 TI - Trichostrongylus colubriformis: effects on villi and crypts along the whole small intestine in infected rabbits. AB - In control and Trichostrongylus colubriformis-infected rabbits histological samples were taken from the small intestine at 25-cm intervals from the pylorus. Length of villi, surface of glands of Lieberkuhn, and number of epithelial cells per unit length were measured with a digitized table. Two zones were so delimited along the parasitized mucosa: in the proximal part of the gut, both shortened villi and dilated crypts were found; in the distal region of the intestine, which was also the area with the lowest density of parasites, dilatation of crypts was associated with an increase in the size of villi. In both regions, the size of enterocytes was unchanged. Correlation coefficients calculated between worm burdens and relative variation in length of villi were significant and negative. Conversely, the same coefficients were significant and positive between worm burdens and surface of crypts. The possibility of local and general actions of Trichostrongylus colubriformis on both villi and crypts is evoked to explain the changes in the two zones. The functional importance of the hypertrophy in the distal region is still to be investigated during a T. colubriformis infection. PMID- 3169203 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: identification and analysis of an mRNA and a gene encoding superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn). AB - The sequence of an mRNA encoding superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) of Schistosoma mansoni has been determined. The deduced amino acid sequence which it encodes shows 40 to 45% homology with the amino acid sequences of the cytosolic superoxide dismutase from 10 other species, as well as similar homology with the human extracellular form. Hybridization selection of the mRNA by cDNA clone pSM38 and in vitro translation of this mRNA have consistently produced a protein of 20,000 Da and occasionally, a 40,000-Da protein. Both are immunoprecipitable with sera pooled from patients with chronic schistosomiasis. The gene from which this mRNA is transcribed has also been isolated and characterized. It spans 5.1 kb of chromosomal DNA and possesses three exons and two introns which interrupt the coding region. These introns contain the splice junction sequences which fit the consensus sequences observed in mammalian genes. The upstream sequence of the gene shows a region for a potential 'TATA' box and the downstream sequence contains two polyadenylation sites. PMID- 3169205 TI - Cholesteryl ester accumulation in smooth muscle cells after uptake of necrotic products from atherosclerotic lesions. AB - Cholesterol-ladened plasma membrane vesicles were used to load smooth muscle cells (SMC) with cholesterol. Plasma membrane vesicles (PMV) were isolated from rabbit atherosclerotic lesions, and characterized as to size, cholesterol content, and marker enzyme (plasma membrane, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum) composition. PMV were regarded as a necrotic product since they are produced upon injury to cells. Degradation of PMV was proportional to the PMV protein concentration in the culture medium, suggesting bulk intake of PMV. Cholesterol accumulation of SMC varied with the cholesterol content of the vesicle. Incubation for 3 days with PMV having 0.39 and 0.62 mg cholesterol/mg protein induced the accumulation of 8 and 29 micrograms of esterified cholesterol/mg cell protein, respectively. Incorporation of oleate into cholesteryl ester during a 24 hr period under these conditions, however, was the same. The contribution of cholesterol ester synthesis to the esterified cholesterol content of SMC was 40 and 11% of the total when exposed to PMV having, respectively, low and high contents of cholesterol. This study suggests that cholesterol-bearing PMV in lesions can be utilized to load lesion-SMC. These observations suggest that lipid bearing elements other than low density lipoprotein may be responsible for cholesterol-loaded SMC in lesions. PMID- 3169204 TI - Intimal changes in the aorta of prehypertensive rats. AB - Intimal changes were quantitated in several rat models of arterial hypertension. One kidney-one clip rats drinking water (1K-1C-water), one-kidney rats treated with deoxycorticosterone acetate and drinking 1% NaCl (1K-DOCA-salt), and two kidney rats drinking 1% NaCl (2K-salt) were studied after 1 to 8 weeks. The thoracic aorta was examined en face and by electron microscopy. Surprisingly, all 2K-salt, most 1K-DOCA-salt (17 out of 19), and two-thirds of 1K-1C-water rats (12 out of 18) had normal arterial pressure at sacrifice. In these normotensive 2K salt, 1K-1C-water, and 1K-DOCA-salt animals, intimal mononuclear cells (which emigrated from the blood) increased between three- and ninefold. In these same normotensive 1K-1C-water and 1K-DOCA-salt rats, endothelial cell mitoses increased three- to sixfold with a corresponding increase in endothelial cell numbers. In the latter two groups, there was no evidence of endothelial cell denudation or changes in aortic circumference, and the subendothelial space widened mainly with reticular basement membrane presumably synthesized by the endothelium. In normotensive 1K-DOCA-salt rats, most of the endothelial cells were thick and there were several intercellular gaps. Endothelial proliferation, synthesis of macromolecules, and gap formation, as well as increased mononuclear cell emigration, indicate functional changes in mononuclear cells and in endothelial cells. We suggest that the experimental procedures designed to produce hypertension also generate factor(s) which activates mononuclear cells and/or endothelial cells. This cellular activation leads to intimal changes independent of hypertension. PMID- 3169206 TI - Hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride after chronic ethanol consumption. AB - Hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride after chronic ethanol consumption was examined in rats fed a standard pellet diet and a 5 or 20% ethanol solution as a sole source of fluid for 1-100 weeks. Carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in rats fed 5 and 20% ethanol (4.0 and 8.8 g of ethanol/kg body weight, respectively) for 1-100 weeks was markedly greater than that in control rats given water instead of ethanol, and the hepatotoxicity in rats fed 20% ethanol was more severe as compared with that in rats fed 5% ethanol at any time during a period of 100 weeks. The degree of the enhanced hepatotoxicity in rats fed both 5 and 20% ethanol did not change significantly during a period of 100 weeks. Moreover, the enhanced hepatotoxicity in the rats fed both 5 and 20% ethanol for 1-100 weeks is of the same degree as that in the rats that received 4.0 and 8.8 g of ethanol/kg body weight as a single dose, respectively. These experimental findings suggest that the effect of ethanol on the carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity is dependent on the daily amount of alcohol intake and is not affected by the duration of alcohol consumption. PMID- 3169207 TI - Quantitative alterations in intramuscular connective tissue following immobilization: an experimental study in the rat calf muscles. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effect of immobilization in two different positions, shortened or lengthened, on the connective tissue and capillarization of the rat calf muscles. In 18 rats the left hind limb was immobilized so that the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were in a lengthened position and tibialis anterior was in a shortened position, and in 18 rats vice versa. The right hind limbs were kept free to serve as controls. After 1, 2, and 3 weeks of immobilization, an equal number of rats were killed and the muscles were analyzed. The connective tissue muscle ratio was measured from histological sections by automatic image analyzer and the number of capillaries per 1000 muscle fibers was also recorded. In the intact muscles the proportions of intramuscular connective tissue in the soleus, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior were 2, 3, and 5%, respectively. During the immobilization period of 3 weeks the proportion of connective tissue increased significantly in all muscles, but the only significant difference between the positions was in the soleus muscle in which more connective tissue was found in the lengthened position, 54% vs 30% in the shortened position. The amount of capillaries decreased significantly during immobilization in all muscles to about 65% of normal capillar density, but the position of immobilization seemed to have no effect on this phenomenon. The increase in intramuscular connective tissue during immobilization seems to occur simultaneously with muscle atrophy and loss of muscle capillarity. The stretched position of immobilization seems to have an additional fibrotic effect if the immobilized muscle, such as soleus, consists mainly of type I fibers generally known to be more vulnerable to disuse atrophy than type II fibers. PMID- 3169208 TI - The air we breathe. PMID- 3169209 TI - The fight against smoking in France. PMID- 3169210 TI - Is the carbon monoxide transfer factor diminished in the presence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus? AB - Impaired carbon monoxide gas transfer has been demonstrated in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), but no relationship has been documented between impairment of gas transfer and the presence of other clinical evidence of diabetic microangiopathy. This study set out to determine whether carbon monoxide gas transfer was related to the presence of microangiopathy by measuring the carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (KCO) in twenty patients with IDDM complicated by retinopathy, and in twenty patients without retinopathy. The patients were reasonably matched for age (mean 47 yrs in the retinopathy group, 41 yrs in the non-retinopathy group) but those with retinopathy had a longer mean duration of diabetes (23 yrs vs 13 yrs). Carbon monoxide transfer coefficient was normal in both groups, with no significant difference between them. Values for forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were lower than predicted in the retinopathy group (92 (SEM 3.6%) and 91 (SEM 4.0%) respectively, p less than 0.05) but were not significantly different from those in the non-retinopathy group. This study demonstrates normal lung function in IDDM, with no relationship between impairment of gas transfer and the presence of microangiopathy elsewhere. PMID- 3169211 TI - Water vapour and temperature dynamics in the upper airways of normal and CF subjects. AB - Water vapour partial pressure (PH2O) and temperature (T) were measured together, continuously, at the airway opening (either lips or nares) and at the oropharynx of human subjects with normal lungs or with cystic fibrosis (CF). No apparent differences in PH2O or T were found between normal and CF groups breathing ambient air (22 +/- 2 degrees C). During inspiration the relative humidity at the pharynx for nose breathing (95%) was higher than for mouth breathing (75%). For hot air breathing (48 +/- 2 degrees C), the PH2O and relative humidity of inspired gas at the pharynx was lower for the CF group than for the normal group. Also, the CF group had a higher airway surface temperature at the airway openings on inspiration. These data suggest that when the rate of evaporation is sufficiently high, the rate-limiting step may be water transport through the mucosal tissue and/or secretions. At least for the upper airways, this rate limitation is more evident for CF patients than for normal subjects. PMID- 3169212 TI - Breathing pattern and load compensatory responses in young scoliotic patients. AB - The breathing pattern and mouth occlusion pressure developed in 0.1 seconds (P0.1) were measured at rest in sixteen young scoliotic patients in whom the blood gases were within the normal limits. The patients exhibited rapid and shallow breathing. P0.1 was increased above normal, indicating a compensatory increase of neuromuscular inspiratory drive in the face of a stiffer respiratory system. P0.1 (% predicted) correlated positively with the angle of scoliosis. Both duration of inspiration and inspiratory duty cycle correlated negatively with angle of scoliosis and P0.1 (% predicted). On theoretical grounds we show that these changes in breathing pattern are beneficial, both in terms of reducing the energy cost of breathing and preventing the development of inspiratory muscle fatigue. PMID- 3169213 TI - A scoring system on respiratory symptoms. AB - A method for quantitative recording of psychiatric symptoms has been modified for application to respiratory symptoms such as cough, attacks of breathlessness, wheezing and dyspnoea. The method was evaluated in a survey of 193 subjects without pulmonary disorders and 186 patients with pulmonary disorders. The average time taken to obtain scores for four symptoms was six minutes. Inconsistencies were few when the subjects selected statements about symptoms. Cough score discriminated between groups of healthy persons with various smoking habits. Wheezing score distinguished healthy persons from patients with obstructive lung disease more accurately than cough, attacks of breathlessness and dyspnoea score. Regression analyses showed that per score point of dyspnoea and cough the peak expiratory flow rate decreased by almost 12 and 7% of predicted, respectively. PMID- 3169215 TI - Density dependence of respiratory input impedance re-evaluated with a head generator minimizing upper airway shunt. AB - Total respiratory impedance was assessed from 4 to 30 Hz in ten normal subjects breathing air and a helium-oxygen gas mixture using two methods of applying pressure oscillations at the airway opening: 1) the conventional method where pressure is varied at the mouth: 2) the method recently developed by Peslin et al. (J Appl Physiol, 1985, 59, 1790-1795) in which pressure is varied both at the mouth and around the head to minimize transmural pressure across upper airway walls, and the corresponding artefact. When breathing air slightly lower resistances (p less than 0.05) and considerably higher inertances (p less than 0.001) were found using the head generator. Breathing helium-oxygen reduced respiratory resistance and its frequency dependence, as well as respiratory inertance very significantly (p less than 0.001), with minor differences between the changes seen with the two methods. In contrast, the changes in respiratory compliance were small, and not in the same direction, when pressure was varied at the mouth and around the head. It is concluded that the accuracy of the conventional method may be sufficient for diagnostic purposes in subjects without gross mechanical abnormalities, i.e. for early detection of mechanical abnormalities. PMID- 3169216 TI - Effects of terbutaline and atenolol on large and small airways in asthmatic patients. AB - In order to localize the main site of action of the beta 2-adrenoceptor selective agonist terbutaline and the beta 1-adrenoceptor selective antagonist atenolol in the airways of asthmatic patients, we compared the effects of these drugs on maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves when breathing air and when breathing a helium-oxygen (HeO2) mixture. To investigate whether a shift in localization of the bronchodilator effect occurs when terbutaline is inhaled repeatedly, dose-response curves with terbutaline were performed for parameters derived from MEFV curves when breathing air and for density dependence of expiratory airflow. By measurement of MEFV curves when the patients were breathing air alone, it was not possible to determine whether there is a difference in the bronchoconstrictor effect of atenolol between large and small airways. Inhalation of terbutaline to a cumulative dose of 2.0 mg induced a stepwise improvement in expiratory airflow parameters for large and small airways function when breathing air. Doubling the dose of inhaled terbutaline to 4 mg did not result in any further improvement of lung function. Neither atenolol nor terbutaline induced significant mean changes in density dependence of expiratory airflow. This was partly due to large inter- and intra-individual variations of this parameter. Another possibility is that atenolol and terbutaline effect large and small airways function equally. PMID- 3169214 TI - Urine cortisol excretion in children treated with high doses of inhaled corticosteroids: a comparison of budesonide and beclomethasone. AB - Thirty one children with asthma were treated with inhaled beclomethasone and budesonide in a randomized cross-over study of 2 x 6 weeks' duration. The excretion of free cortisol in two 24 hour urine samples, collected at the end of each treatment period, was significantly higher (mean = 76.3 nmol per day) during budesonide treatment than during beclomethasone treatment (mean = 53.7 nmol per day) (p less than 0.01). The difference between the two drugs was more pronounced in the eight children who received 1,000 and 1,200 micrograms per day than in the 22 children who received 800 micrograms per day. Four children had cortisol excretion below the normal range when treated with beclomethasone. This was seen in one child during budesonide treatment. The age of the child did not influence the result. The long term clinical significance of these findings has yet to be elucidated. PMID- 3169217 TI - Extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by spores of the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. AB - Four mushroom workers have developed an extrinsic allergic alveolitis, after working with the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). After provocation with aerosolized spores under laboratory conditions, the four patients showed the complaints of an extrinsic allergic alveolitis; a rise of body temperature, leucocytosis and changes of lung function parameters were observed. Antibodies against the spores were assessed in the blood of these patients. PMID- 3169218 TI - Acquired progressive asthma in a fire-fighter. AB - A fire-fighter, who developed chronic severe asthma after exposure to decomposition products of plastics during routine fire-fighting, is described. The outcome was fatal 25 months after onset of the disease. PMID- 3169220 TI - Different patterns of gas exchange response to exercise in asbestosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. AB - To analyse the pattern of pulmonary gas exchange during maximal exercise (Emax) in asbestosis, we compared nine subjects with this disease (1 female/8 male), aged 54 +/- 11 yrs (mean +/- SD), to nine patients (1 female/8 male) with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) of a similar age, height, weight and smoking history, both at rest and during Emax. No differences were observed in dynamic and static lung volumes between the groups. However, patients with IPF had a lower DLCOsb and KCO (p less than 0.005 and 0.05, respectively). At rest, both groups showed mild arterial hypoxaemia (76 +/- 11, asbestosis, vs 77 +/- 11 mmHg, IPF), widened AaPO2 (32 +/- 14 vs 31 +/- 13 mmHg) and slight increases in VD/VT (47 +/- 12 vs 46 +/- 11%), respectively. During Emax, PaO2 fell to 51 +/- 7 mmHg in patients with IPF whereas those with asbestosis had PaO2 of 73 +/- 21 mmHg (p less than 0.05). Conversely, those with asbestosis were able to reduce VD/VT (from 47 +/- 12 to 39 +/- 10%, p = 0.01) as opposed to those with IPF (from 46 +/ 11 to 47 +/- 13%). Furthermore, DLCOsb and AaPO2 during Emax were highly correlated only in IPF (r: -0.84, p less than 0.01). Despite the finding that both diseases represent a diffuse pulmonary fibrosis with a similar degree of resting ventilatory impairment, the pattern of gas exchange during exercise is different in each. These differences may be related to the underlying morphology of each process, which probably includes more airway disease and less pulmonary vascular involvement and/or a different degree of interstitial fibrotic change in asbestosis. PMID- 3169219 TI - Continuous intravenous therapy with theophylline in a patient with brittle bronchial asthma. AB - Ambulant continuous intravenous theophylline therapy was used in a patient with frequent and severe asthmatic attacks. The patient could not tolerate oral theophylline preparations. We demonstrated a reduction in complaints and prednisone therapy. Activities of daily life improved, as did theophylline levels, lung function and peak-flow. PMID- 3169221 TI - Gallium-67 scanning in the staging of cryptogenetic fibrosing alveolitis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. AB - Gallium-67 citrate is known to localize within inflammatory sites. Gallium-67 scanning is used for the evaluation of lung inflammation (i.e. alveolitis) during interstitial lung diseases. We investigated 27 patients with cryptogenetic fibrosing alveolitis (n = 17) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (n = 10) using gallium-67 lung scanning and lung function tests (forced vital capacity, diffusing capacity, resting and exercise blood gases). Investigations were performed before and after one year of methylprednisolone treatment. None of eight healthy volunteers had any abnormal gallium-67 uptake. In all patients with cryptogenetic fibrosing alveolitis an initial abnormal gallium-67 uptake was observed (mean fixation index: 163 +/- 18). In addition, analysis of lung function tests a year after initial evaluation showed that unchanged or improving patients presented initially with a lower gallium-67 index than patients with evidence of deterioration (153.9 +/- 23.7 vs 251.0 +/- 23.3.; p less than 0.01). Similarly, among patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis the index was lower in unchanged or improving patients than in those with deterioration (74.9 +/- 22 vs 226.7 +/- 4.9; p less than 0.05). Thus gallium-67 scanning is useful in the management of cryptogenetic fibrosing alveolitis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. PMID- 3169222 TI - Comparison of terbutaline, isotonic saline, ambient air and non-treatment in patients with reversible chronic airway obstruction. AB - The increase in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) seen in asthmatics after inhalation of isotonic saline was studied in a blind, cross-over investigation of 24 consecutive out-patients presenting with reversible chronic airway obstruction. Forced expiratory manoeuvres allowing the measurement of FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FVC) were performed at six time intervals during a period of one hour according to the following regimes: inhalation of terbutaline by means of a Pari-inhalier Boy for 10 min; inhalation of isotonic saline under the same conditions; inhalation of ambient air under the same conditions (placebo with noisy nebulizer); inhalation of air without the nebulizer (non-treatment) in order to determine whether the impact of treatment by a nebulizer influences the measured lung function. A statistically significant increase in FEV1 was observed after each of the four regimes. The increase was large following terbutaline inhalation. After the other three regimes, it was significantly smaller and of about the same magnitude in each case. The increase in FEV1 after the non treatment regime was unexpected and could possibly be due to the repeated dynamic spirometry. The increase in FEV1 after isotonic saline and ambient air (noisy nebulizer) did not differ from the increase after the non-treatment regime. We conclude that neither isotonic saline nor the impact of treatment with a noisy nebulizer have a measurable effect on lung function. PMID- 3169224 TI - Particle size study of nine metered dose inhalers, and their deposition probabilities in the airways. AB - This study deals with the particle size measurement of nine aerosol metered dose inhalers. Calibration was made possible by the use of a laser particle velocimeter (aerodynamic Particle Sizer from TSI). The count median aerodynamic diameters (CMAD) show little variation, from 0.63 to 0.73 micron, with standard deviations (sigma g) between 1.2 and 1.8. Aerodynamic diameter aerosol diagram analysis showed multimodal mass distribution for all the tested dose inhalers. Calculations for the airway deposition probabilities (extrathoracic, tracheobronchial and alveolar) refer to the studies made by W. Stahlhofen and co workers. As most aerosol metered dose inhalers have a predominantly bronchial therapeutic destination, the deposition at the bronchial level could be enhanced with the following parameters: inspired volume of 1500 ml, inspiratory time of 2 sec, aerosol mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 7.5 microns, with a monodispersed distribution. The respective influences of the excipients and propellents used for the aerosolization of these dose metered inhalers are also discussed. PMID- 3169223 TI - Acute exposure to sawdust does not alter airway calibre and responsiveness to histamine in asthmatic subjects. AB - We investigated the effects of particles of sawdust delivered through a special device at known concentrations (close to the threshold limit value-short term exposure limit (TLV-STEL) of 10 mg.m-3) on FEV1 and PC20 in 12 asthmatic subjects free of clinical sensitization to this product. Subjects were studied over two days (day 1: exposure to sawdust; day 2: sham exposure) in random order with a maximum interval of 1 week. On each day, after the assessment of spirometry and PC20, subjects underwent exposure to sawdust or sham exposure. Sawdust was inhaled for a total of 30 min at average concentrations varying from 8.0 to 19.3 mg.m-3 (mean = 11.5 mg.m-3). Twenty-five to 39.7% (mean = 34.6%) of inhaled particles had a diameter less than 10 mu (diameter allowing deposition in the trachea and lower respiratory tract). At the end of each period of exposure, FEV1 was assessed. After recovery, the second PC20 was obtained. Serial measurements of FEV1 were carried out every hour for up to 6 h after the end of exposure. At that time, PC20 was reassessed. Only one subject showed an acute bronchoconstriction immediately after exposure to sawdust (maximum fall of 14% in FEV1) with complete recovery 10 min later. Overall, inhalation of sawdust did not modify PC20 by comparing the mean result of the first test with the second and the third assessments. Also, the mean changes in PC20 at each interval after exposure to sawdust were not significantly different from the variations in PC20 on the sham day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3169225 TI - Sarcoidosis and acquired type II-b hyperlipoproteinaemia. AB - In four of eleven patients with histologically-proven sarcoidosis (stage II or III), type II-b hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) with increased levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein, and a decreased level of high density lipoprotein was observed. These results suggest that type II-b HLP may be associated with sarcoidosis with systemic sarcoid infiltration (stage II or III). PMID- 3169226 TI - Benign endobronchial tumours treated by neodymium-YAG laser. AB - We present two patients with benign endobronchial tumours: polypi and a chondroma. Both were treated by Neodymium-YAG laser photoresection. There have been no signs of recurrence in the four years since treatment. Endobronchial resection by Neodymium-YAG laser is an effective treatment for benign endobronchial tumours. PMID- 3169227 TI - Amyloidosis with pleural involvement. AB - Although amyloidosis of the respiratory tract is well recognized, pleural involvement is very rare with only two cases being reported in the past. We report a case of primary amyloidosis with pleural effusion and suggest that pleural involvement and pleural effusion be added to the classification of pulmonary amyloidosis, and that amyloidosis be added to the list of causes of a pleural effusion. PMID- 3169228 TI - Variability of the single-breath carbon monoxide transfer factor as a function of inspired oxygen pressure. AB - We measured single-breath CO transfer factor (TLCO) and alveolar oxygen partial pressure (PAO2) six times at each of three fractions of inspired oxygen (FIO2) (0.17, 0.21, 0.26) in twelve healthy subjects, to determine whether one FIO2 would have the advantage of producing less variable TLCO results than the others. Measured TLCO was adjusted for the increase in carboxyhaemoglobin during the tests. We found no significant differences in intra- or interindividual variance as a function of test FIO2. PMID- 3169229 TI - Poisoning from smoke grenades is not due to phosgene. PMID- 3169231 TI - Organization of soluble enzymes in the cell. Relay at the surface. AB - A model is proposed uniting two groups of facts: the adsorption of enzymes on subcellular structures and the direct ('from hand to hand') transfer of metabolites between enzymes. The basic idea is that the binding of metabolites (substrates and/or products) results in desorption of the enzymes from subcellular structures during each catalytic act. This makes the enzymes mobile and capable of directly (from hand to hand) transferring metabolites to other enzymes adsorbed on subcellular structures. The model leads to a mechanism by means of which soluble enzymes can be compartmentalized in defined regions of the cytoplasm. PMID- 3169230 TI - Respiratory failure. Abstracts: 23rd annual meeting, Societas Europaea Physiologiae Clinicae Respiratoriae. Athens, 20-24 June 1988. PMID- 3169232 TI - New carbohydrate site in mutant antithrombin (7 Ile----Asn) with decreased heparin affinity. AB - A mutant antithrombin was isolated from the plasma of a patient with pulmonary embolism. The new protein, which accounted for 55% of the antithrombin, had decreased heparin affinity and contained two components when analysed on the basis of either charge or molecular mass. Sialidase and endo-beta-N acetylglucosaminidase F treatment suggested that this heterogeneity was due to a partial glycosylation occurring at a new carbohydrate attachment sequence. Peptide mapping by reverse-phase HPLC showed that the abnormality involved the N terminal tryptic peptide. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the underlying mutation was 7 Ile----Asn which introduces a new Asn-Cys-Thr glycosylation sequence. This new oligosaccharide attachment site occupies the base of the proposed heparin-binding site, and the finding explains the consequent decrease in heparin affinity. PMID- 3169233 TI - Inhibition of HIV replication by amino-sugar derivatives. AB - The plant alkaloids castanospermine, dihydroxymethyldihydroxypyrrolidine and deoxynojirimycin have recently been shown to have potential anti-HIV activity [(1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 8120-8124; (1987) Nature 330, 74-77; (1987) Lancet i, 1025-1026]. They are thought to act by inhibiting alpha glucosidase I, an enzyme involved in the processing of N-linked oligosaccharides on glycoproteins. We report here the relative efficacy of a spectrum of amino sugar derivatives as inhibition of HIV cytopathicity. Several alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and alpha-fucosidase inhibitors were found to be active at concentrations which were non-cytotoxic. PMID- 3169234 TI - Inhibition of protein breakdown by glutamine in perfused rat skeletal muscle. AB - We have assessed the effects of glutamine (Gln) availability on protein breakdown in perfused rat hindlimb by measuring net phenylalanine (Phe) production (an index of protein balance), the dilution of [15N]Phe labelling (an index of mixed protein breakdown) and rate of production of 3-methylhistidine (3-MeH) (an index of myofibrillar breakdown). 15 mM Gln significantly inhibited net protein loss and protein breakdown compared to rates obtained in its absence (net protein loss, 200 +/- 230 vs 2080 +/- 200 nmol Phe/hindlimb per h; protein breakdown, 4566 +/- 480 vs 1614 +/- 180 nmol Phe/hindlimb per h; both p less than 0.01). Insulin (100 microU/ml) inhibited protein breakdown but less than Gln. The effects on protein breakdown of Gln and insulin together were not additive, suggesting a common mode of action. Production of 3-MeH (mean 20.3 +/- 2.8 nmol/hindlimb per h) was unaffected by Gln or insulin. Gln appears to inhibit protein breakdown of soluble rather than myofibrillar protein in muscle. PMID- 3169235 TI - Resonance Raman study of the cytochrome P-450 LM2-halothane intermediate complex. AB - Resonance Raman (RR) and absorption spectroscopic studies of purified rabbit liver cytochromes P-450 show that the form 2 isomer (LM2) but not the form 4 isomer (LM4) forms a long-lived complex with halothane after dithionite reduction, absorbing light at 470 nm, in which ferric 6-coordinated heme iron in the low-spin configuration is liganded to 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene. The RR data exclude the possibility that the CF3CHCl- carbanion is a ligand and are consistent with the involvement of an active-site pocket in the cytochrome P-450 polypeptide. PMID- 3169236 TI - A novel quinone: quinone methide isomerase generates quinone methides in insect cuticle. AB - Insoluble cuticle-bound enzyme(s) of Manduca sexta pharate pupae, which is known to convert N-acetyldopamine to N-acetylnorepinephrine through the intermediate formation of quinone methide, also converted exogenously supplied N acetyldopamine quinone to N-acetylnorepinephrine. The presence of a quinone trap such as N-acetylcysteine in the reaction mixture containing N-acetyldopamine and cuticle prevented the formation of N-acetylnorepinephrine but readily yielded N acetylcysteine-N-acetyldopamine quinone adduct as a dead-end product. These results indicate the oxidation of N-acetyldopamine to its quinone and its enzyme catalyzed isomerization to quinone methide before yielding N-acetylnorepinephrine as the stable product. The role of this newly discovered isomerase in sclerotization of insect cuticle is discussed. PMID- 3169239 TI - Two changes of the same nucleotide confer resistance to diuron and antimycin in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - Diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) and antimycin, both inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration, block electron flow between cytochromes b and c1. Mutants resistant to either drug have been selected using Schizosaccharomyces pombe strains with an extrachromosomally inherited mutator. In analogy to Saccharomyces cerevisiae these mutational sites were assumed to map in the cytochrome b gene. DNA sequence analysis showed that two changes in the same nucleotide are responsible for resistance to antimycin and diuron. Analysis of resistant and sensitive progeny of crosses between the mutants and the wild type confirmed the correlation between mutational alteration and resistant phenotype. PMID- 3169237 TI - Partially dephosphorylated phosphopeptide AcSer(P)-Ser(P)-Ser(P) is an excellent substrate for casein kinase-2. AB - The synthetic phosphopeptide AcSer(P)-Ser(P)-Ser(P), reproducing a recurrent feature of casein and other phosphoproteins, once partially dephosphorylated by acid phosphatase, serves as an efficient substrate for casein kinase-2. Previous dephosphorylation beyond 30% hinders subsequent phosphorylation and the entirely dephosphorylated peptide is not a substrate at all. The kinetic constants of the partially dephosphorylated phosphopeptide are much more favourable than those of the synthetic peptides SEEEAA, SSEE and SEE, the latter one being totally inert. Optimal phosphorylation occurs at pH values that ensure complete ionization of the phosphoseryl side chains. These data provide incontrovertible demonstration that phosphoserine can replace carboxylic amino acids as specificity determinant for CK-2, being more effective than glutamic acid itself. PMID- 3169238 TI - Antithrombin action of phosvitin and other phosphate-containing polyanions is mediated by heparin cofactor II. AB - We have examined the antithrombin effects of various phosphate-containing polyanions (including linear polyphosphates, polynucleotides and the phosphoserine glycoprotein, phosvitin) on the glycosaminoglycan-binding plasma proteinase inhibitors, antithrombin III (ATIII) and heparin cofactor II (HCII). These phosphate-containing polyanions accelerate the HCII-thrombin reaction, as much as 1600-fold in the case of phosvitin. The HCII-thrombin reaction with both phosvitin and polynucleotides appears to follow the ternary complex mechanism. The HCII-thrombin complex is rapidly formed in the presence of these phosphate polyanions (each at 10 micrograms/ml) when 125I-labeled thrombin is incubated with human plasma (ex vivo). None of these phosphate polyanions accelerate the ATIII-thrombin reaction. Our results suggest that the antithrombotic effect of these phosphate-containing polyanions is mediated by HCII activation and not by ATIII. PMID- 3169240 TI - Binding characteristics of complementary fibronectin fragments on artificial substrata. AB - Various properties have been evaluated for the binding to tissue culture substrata of proteolytic fragments of human plasma or cellular fibronectins containing complementary sequences from the individual and alternatively spliced chains, since related fragments are known to yield differing adhesive responses from cells. These studies utilize ELISA methods and a polyclonal antiserum directed to human pFN for direct measurement or an occupancy test utilizing anti albumin. Very related fragments (with or without an extra type III homology unit or extra domaina or b) have significantly different properties in substratum binding and such differences provide a partial explanation for alteration of cellular adhesive responses on such fragments. PMID- 3169241 TI - Effects of long-chain N-acylethanolamines on lipid peroxidation in cardiac mitochondria. AB - A long-chain N-acylethanolamine (N-oleoyl-2-aminoethanol) is shown to inhibit the production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in rat heart mitochondria treated with Fe2+ or Fe3+/ADP. The inhibition is concentration-dependent in the range 50-150 microM of the agent and can be nearly complete depending on the type and amount of the free radical-generating system. Structural analogues of N acylethanolamine are inhibitory as well, but neither oleic acid nor ethanol-amine has measurable effects. N-Oleoyl-2-aminoethanol affects peroxidation of linoleic acid micelles only minimally and has no effect on deoxyribose peroxidation. PMID- 3169242 TI - 500 MHz NMR characterization of synthetic bombesin and related peptides in DMSO d6 by two-dimensional techniques. AB - The proton NMR characterization of bombesin has been carried out at 500 MHz in DMSO-d6 using two-dimensional homo- and 1H-13C hetero-correlated techniques. All resonances in the NMR spectra have been assigned and several coupling constants have been measured. The backbone J alpha CH-NH coupling constants have constant values that vary between 7.8 and 8.2 Hz and indicate an unfolded structure in DMSO-d6. Discrepancies with data recently obtained at 300 MHz [(1987) Eur. J. Biochem. 168, 193-199] are discussed. PMID- 3169243 TI - Seminal pepsinogen C is not identical with, but is very similar to gastric pepsinogen C. AB - Human seminal pepsinogen C has been purified and compared with gastric pepsinogen C. The two zymogens cannot be distinguished by amino acid compositions and sequences of the first 28 N-terminal amino acid residues are identical. Apparent immunological identity is observed with polyclonal antisera. Monoclonal antibodies toward seminal pepsinogen C have been produced. One is able to recognize a non-carbohydrate antigenic determinant only present in seminal pepsinogen C. PMID- 3169244 TI - Stimulation of transcription from accurate initiation sites by purified S-II. AB - The effects of transcription factors S-II and S-II', a phosphorylated form of S II, on accurate transcription were compared in a reconstituted transcription system greatly depleted of S-II. S-II, but not S-II', stimulated the syntheses of run-off products of various truncated class II genes in this system, suggesting that the activity of this factor is regulated by its phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. PMID- 3169245 TI - Association of a myristoylated protein with a biological membrane and its increased phosphorylation by protein kinase C. AB - A hydrophilic enzyme, lysozyme, was myristoylated in vitro by the N hydroxysuccinimide ester of myristic acid, and the monomyristoylated lysozyme was isolated by CM-cellulose cation-exchange column chromatography. The monomyristoylated lysozyme associated with phospholipid vesicles, whereas the association of native lysozyme was negligible. The membrane-associated monomyristoylated lysozyme was phosphorylated with partially purified rat brain Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) in the presence of Ca2+, phosphatidylserine and phorbolmyristate acetate. Thus, the myristoylated lysozyme became a substrate of protein kinase C through its hydrophobic association with the membrane. The present results suggest that the myristoylation of cytoplasmic proteins may have an important role in signal transduction. PMID- 3169247 TI - A major role for protein kinase C in calcium-activated exocytosis in permeabilised adrenal chromaffin cells. AB - The role of endogenously activated protein kinase C in calcium-activated exocytosis was examined in digitonin-permeabilised bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Protein kinase C activity was reduced by down-regulation following long term treatment with PMA or by using the inhibitor sphingosine. Both treatments resulted in a substantial reduction in catecholamine secretion elicited by micromolar calcium, indicating that endogenous activation of protein kinase C is a major requirement for calcium-activated exocytosis in chromaffin cells. PMID- 3169246 TI - Hepatic ethanol metabolism is mediated predominantly by catalase-H2O2 in the fasted state. AB - Methanol and butanol were employed as selective substrates for catalase-H2O2 and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), respectively, in the perfused rat liver. As expected, rates of butanol metabolism accounted for over 85% of overall rates of alcohol oxidation indicating that ADH was the predominant pathway of alcohol metabolism in both the fed or fasted state in the absence of added substrate. In the fasted state, however, addition of oleate (1 mM) diminished butanol oxidation 20-25% yet increased rates of methanol oxidation over 4-fold. Under these conditions, methanol uptake accounted for nearly two-thirds of overall rates of alcohol oxidation. These data demonstrate that catalase-H2O2 is the predominant pathway of alcohol oxidation in the fasted state in the presence of fatty acids. Accordingly, it is concluded that diet and nutritional state play important roles in the contribution of the ADH and catalase pathways to alcohol oxidation. PMID- 3169248 TI - Association of rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and 3 phosphoglycerate kinase. The biochemical and electron-microscopic evidence. AB - Rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase covalently bound to Sepharose was shown to form a complex with soluble 3-phosphoglycerate kinase. The strength of the association appeared to depend upon the functional state of both enzymes. The holoform of the dehydrogenase exhibited a lower affinity for the kinase than the enzyme-3-phosphoglycerol.NADH complex. The substrate-free 3 phosphoglycerate kinase associated much stronger with the acylated dehydrogenase than the kinase in complex with 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. Electron-microscopic evidence for the association of the soluble acyl-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.NADH complex and 3-phosphoglycerate kinase was also obtained. PMID- 3169249 TI - Amino-terminal sequence of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear protein, NHP6, shows significant identity to bovine HMG1. AB - Several nonhistone chromatin proteins (NHPs) have been isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclei. They have molecular masses and amino acid compositions typical of the high mobility group (HMG) proteins from higher eukaryotic cells. Polyclonal antisera raised against two of the NHPs have been used in immunoblots of proteins from subcellular fractions of yeast to show that the NHPs are indeed nuclear. In addition, the amino-terminal amino acid sequences of several of the NHPs were determined. Importantly, the amino-terminal sequence of one of the proteins, NHP6, has significant (60%) identity with a stretch of amino acids in calf thymus HMG1. PMID- 3169250 TI - The maximum of the histone acetyltransferase activity precedes DNA-synthesis in regenerating rat liver. AB - A pronounced transitory increase of histone acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.48) activity before the onset of DNA replication is shown to occur in regenerating rat liver. This effect is followed by an increase in the H1/H1(0) ratio at the start of DNA synthesis; H1(0) de is replaced by H1. Histone acetylation and H1/H1(0) exchange are discussed as steps in the signal transduction for DNA replication. PMID- 3169251 TI - N-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenazinium derivatives of oligonucleotides as effectors of the sequence-specific modification of nucleic acids with reactive oligonucleotide derivatives. AB - It has been found that mono- and especially diphenazinium derivatives of oligonucleotides complementary to the DNA sequence adjacent to the target sequence of the addressed alkylation of DNA, significantly enhance the extent and specificity of alkylation with p-(N-2-chloroethyl-N-methylamino)benzylamide derivatives of the addressing oligonucleotides, thus playing the role of effector of the sequence-specific (complementary addressed) modification. PMID- 3169252 TI - Evidence for a single glycan moiety in rabbit serum transferrin and location of the glycan within the polypeptide chain. AB - The sequential removal of N-acetylneuraminic acid from rabbit serum transferrin has been followed by urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The electrophoretic pattern is consistent with the presence of a single biantennary glycan chain. From the amino acid sequence of the carbohydrate-containing cyanogen bromide fragment we have shown that the glycan is attached to an asparaginyl side chain at a position equivalent to residue 491 in the sequence of human serum transferrin. PMID- 3169253 TI - Investigation of the solution structures and mobility of oxidised and reduced cytochrome b5 by 2D NMR spectroscopy. AB - Two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy is used to examine the structure and mobility of cytochrome b5 in solution. The assignment of many residues and the interpretation of nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs) in both redox states allow definition of secondary structural elements. Comparison with X-ray diffraction data shows that differences between crystal and solution structures are small. The dynamics of the protein are examined and the protein is shown to be more mobile than cytochrome c. The relationship of the structure and dynamics to the electron transfer function of cytochrome b5 is discussed. PMID- 3169254 TI - Plasma fibronectin prepared from patients with metastatic breast cancer shows in vitro aggregation property. AB - Plasma fibronectin purified from the plasma of metastatic breast cancer patients has been studied by light scattering. It clearly shows abnormal self-aggregation properties; the possible significance of these findings to the in vivo situation is discussed. PMID- 3169255 TI - The conformation of calmodulin: a substantial environmentally sensitive helical transition in Ca4-calmodulin with potential mechanistic function. AB - The conformation of Ca4-calmodulin in solution, as assessed by far-UV peptide circular dichroism, contains significantly less alpha-helix than the proposed X ray crystal structure. We now show that Ca4-calmodulin adopts significant additional helical structure in solution in the presence of a helicogenic solvent (50%, v/v, aqueous 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol or 50%, v/v, methylpentane-5,5-diol). We suggest that the long continuous helix (residues 66-92 of the crystal structure) is not necessarily a normal feature of the calmodulin structure in solution, and may be due in part to the conditions of crystallisation. This result is supported by time-resolved tyrosine fluorescence anisotropy studies indicating that Ca4-calmodulin in solution is an essentially compact globular structure which undergoes isotropic rotational motion. We conclude that, under appropriate ionic and apolar environmental conditions, Ca4-calmodulin undergoes a substantial helical transition, which may involve residues in the central region of the molecule. Such a transition could have an important function in determining specificity and affinity in interactions of calmodulin with different target sequences of Ca2+-dependent regulatory enzymes. PMID- 3169256 TI - Regulation by Ca2+ of membrane elasticity of bovine chromaffin granules. AB - In a range of [Ca2+] similar to cytosolic transient, a drastic reduction from about 20 dyn/cm to almost zero was observed in the membrane elastic modulus of bovine chromaffin granules, isolated in a solution containing 0.3 M sucrose and 5 mM Hepes at pH 7.0, and measured by combination of osmotic swelling and dynamic light-scattering (DLS) methods. This result suggests that the granule membrane becomes extremely flexible as a prelude to exocytosis. PMID- 3169257 TI - Contractile activity enhances the synthesis of hexokinase II in rat skeletal muscle. AB - An 11-fold increase in hexokinase activity and the hexokinase II isoform was found in rat tibialis anterior muscle after 7 days of chronic, low-frequency stimulation. In vivo labeling studies showed that this increase in enzyme protein content was related to an approx. 30-fold increase in [35S] methionine incorporation. PMID- 3169258 TI - Chloride mediated inhibition of the phosphate and the sulfate transport by dipyridamole in human erythrocyte ghosts. AB - The inhibition of the unidirectional phosphate and sulfate flux in human erythrocyte ghosts by dipyridamole has been investigated. The inhibition of the phosphate and the sulfate flux is mediated by chloride. At zero chloride, dipyridamole was found to be completely ineffective. At 10 mM chloride, dipyridamole acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor of the phosphate and the sulfate flux and elicits an up to 95% inhibition of the phosphate and the sulfate transport. The results of our studies provide strong evidence for a cooperative binding of chloride and of dipyridamole to the non-protonated form of the band 3 membrane domain. PMID- 3169259 TI - Purification and partial characterization of two lectins from the cactus Machaerocereus eruca. AB - Two lectins (MEAI and MEAII) were isolated from the cactus Machaerocereus eruca by affinity chromatography on mucin-Sepharose and partially characterized with respect to their biochemical and carbohydrate binding properties. Both are oligomeric glycoproteins consisting of 35 kDa monomers. Amino acid analysis indicates that both lectins have similar composition with high amounts of glycine, glutamic acid and serine. MEAI and MEAII contain approximately 36 and 24% (w/w) of carbohydrates, respectively. They agglutinate erythrocytes from several animal species. Binding specificity was directed to galactose-containing oligosaccharides and glycopeptides. The M. eruca lectins are the first lectins to be isolated from a species belonging to the plant family of Cactaceae. PMID- 3169261 TI - Mammalian valyl-tRNA synthetase forms a complex with the first elongation factor. AB - The high-molecular-mass form of valyl-tRNA synthetase is associated with the first elongation factor activity. It includes two polypeptides of about 50 kDa and two others of 40 and 30 kDa, identified as alpha, beta, gamma and delta subunits of eEF-1H. The complex of valyl-tRNA synthetase with eEF-1H is suggested to be a novel form of the first elongation factor. PMID- 3169260 TI - Six myosin heavy chain isoforms are expressed during chick breast muscle development. AB - Two major embryonic myosin heavy chains are expressed in embryonic chick breast muscle until the first week after hatching. Of these, one is already detected in the 8-day-old embryo. The other appears on day 12. Two putative slow embryonic isoforms represent minor components transiently expressed between days 8 and 12. A neonatal heavy chain is expressed at low concentrations on day 8 and increases with development. It is the only isoform two weeks after hatching, and is ultimately replaced by the fast myosin heavy chain in the adult muscle. PMID- 3169262 TI - Casein kinase 2 activity increases in the prereplicative phase of liver regeneration. AB - Cytosolic casein kinase activity increased up to 2-fold in the first 6 h after partial hepatectomy and then decreased to control values. This increase was due mainly to casein kinase 2, which reached maximal values at 6-8 h of liver regeneration. In contrast, casein kinase 1 showed a smaller increase at 4 h and then started to decrease reaching values of about 70% of control at 16 h. The increase in total casein kinase 2 was accompanied with an activation of the enzyme, as determined by the low/high beta-casein activity ratio assay. Administration of an acute dose of glucagon to control rats also increased the activity ratio but failed to cause any rise in total casein kinase 2 activity. PMID- 3169263 TI - Time-resolved fluorescence studies on the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (E2) component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Azotobacter vinelandii. AB - The dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (E2) component of A. vinelandii PDC and its lipoyl domain shows similar dynamic properties as revealed with fluorescence anisotropy decay of lipoyl-bound IAANS. The lipoyl domain (32.6 kDa), containing three almost identical subdomains shows a mode of rotation characteristic for a protein of about 30 kDa. A similar rotation is found in E2, indicating an independent rotational mobility of the whole domain in the multimeric E2 core (1.6 MDa). No independent rotation of a single lipoyl subdomain (10 kDa) is observed. The E1 component, in contrast to the E3 component, shows interaction with the lipoyl domain. PMID- 3169264 TI - Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+. AB - Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (GHK) is a tripeptide with affinity for copper(II) ions and was isolated from human plasma. This peptide appears to play a physiological role in wound healing. We report the stimulating effect of GHK-Cu on collagen synthesis by fibroblasts. The stimulation began between 10(-12) and 10(-11) M, maximized at 10(-9) M, and was independent of any change in cell number. The presence of a GHK triplet in the alpha 2(I) chain of type I collagen suggests that the tripeptide might be liberated by proteases at the site of a wound and exert in situ healing effects. PMID- 3169265 TI - Inhibition of adriamycin-promoted microsomal lipid peroxidation by beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and retinol at high and low oxygen partial pressures. AB - Iron-dependent peroxidation of rat liver microsomes, enhanced by adriamycin, was measured in the presence of increasing concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, beta carotene and retinol at low and high pO2. beta-Carotene and alpha-tocopherol inhibited lipid peroxidation by more than 60% when present at concentrations greater than 50 nmol/mg microsomal protein at both high and low pO2. Retinol inhibited peroxidation by 39% at concentrations greater than 100 nmol/mg microsomal protein. This maximal level of inhibition by retinol was unaltered by pO2. However, beta-carotene was more effective than alpha-tocopherol or retinol at a pO2 of 4 mmHg, whereas alpha-tocopherol was more effective under aerobic conditions. Since adriamycin-dependent lipid peroxidation is maximal at low pO2, beta-carotene may play a role in protecting against this process. PMID- 3169267 TI - Interaction of a hydrophobic model peptide and its fatty acid derivative with lipid vesicles. AB - The interaction of a peptide [Lys-Phe-Phe-Phe-Ile-Ile-Trp-OCH3] and its fatty acid derivatives [Lys-(epsilon-palmitoyl)-Phe-Phe-Phe-Ile-Ile-Trp-OCH3 and Lys (epsilon-12-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid)-Phe-Phe-Phe-Ile-Ile-OCH3] with model membranes was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. The emission characteristics of the Trp fluorophore indicated that only the peptide with the fatty acid chain is associated with lipid vesicles. Quenching experiments with spin probes suggest an orientation for the fatty acylated peptide wherein the fatty acid chain is perpendicular to the bilayer surface and the peptide chain parallel to the bilayer surface. PMID- 3169266 TI - 400-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy of fucosylated tetrasialyl oligosaccharides isolated from normal and cirrhotic alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. AB - The comparative study of fucosylated tetrasialyl-oligosaccharides isolated from normal and cirrhotic alpha 1-AGP was performed using permethylation and 400-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. These results clearly show the tetraantennary structure of these two oligosaccharides with hyperfucosylation for the tetrasialylated fraction from cirrhotic alpha 1-AGP. In the latter oligosaccharide the simultaneous presence on two antennae (7 and 7') of the sialosyl Lewis X determinant NeuAc-(alpha 2-3) Gal(beta 1-4) [Fuc(alpha 1-3)] GlcNAc has been observed. Moreover the 5 and 5' antennae were alpha 2-6 sialylated but without fucose. PMID- 3169269 TI - Surgical treatment of cerebrovascular insufficiency in patients with pathological elongation of the internal carotid artery. AB - This study presents the results of surgery in 19 patients with cerebral ischaemia caused by an elongated internal carotid artery. Nine of them had a history of transient ischaemic attacks, eight-reversible stroke, and two-completed stroke. Angiography revealed a kink in 10 cases and a loop in 9. An aneurysm was also found in 2 cases. 8 re-implantations, 5 arterioplasties, 4 re-insertions and 2 aneurysmectomies were performed. Re-insertion was a supplementary procedure in 3 patients. There were no neurological complications, save one case of TIA. Follow up studies during a period of 1 to 6 years revealed no recurrence of cerebral ischaemia. PMID- 3169268 TI - Inhibition of glucose phosphorylation by fatty acids in the perfused rat heart. AB - The flux of glucose entering the glycolytic pathway under various metabolic conditions has been indirectly monitored in the Langendorff perfused rat heart using 31P-NMR spectroscopy. By totally inhibiting (greater than 95%) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with low concentrations of iodoacetic acid (0.2 mM) in the perfusion medium, active glycolysis results in the accumulation of sugar phosphate species (fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) which can be observed in the 31P-NMR spectrum. Using this technique, it has been shown that butyrate (10 mM) in the perfusion medium decreases the flux through the initial steps of the glycolytic pathway by at least 6-fold and that both glucose phosphorylation and glycogenolysis are inhibited. Upon total global ischemia in the presence of both glucose and butyrate, the glycolysis rate is stimulated approx. 100-fold. PMID- 3169270 TI - Transposition of the sartorius muscle in the treatment of infected vascular grafts in the groin. AB - Out of 15 consecutive deep graft-infections during a 5-year-period, 12 cases were treated by local debridement, disinfectants, graft replacement and sartorius muscle transposition. The treatment was successful in 10 cases, which have shown no sign of re-infection. Three grafts occluded during the observation period (2 weeks, 2 months and 15 months), resulting in amputation in one patient. The method is recommended as the treatment of choice in Szilagyi type III infections limited to the groin. PMID- 3169272 TI - A simplified method of performing patch angioplasty for profunda femoris origin stenosis. AB - A simplified method of performing an autogenous profundoplasty is described using the partially detached and open superficial femoral artery as a patch. This permits better visibility while performing the anastomosis since the superficial femoral artery is no longer obstructing the view, which also allows easy access to any bleeding following clamp removal. PMID- 3169271 TI - Anastomotic aneurysms--an unsolvable problem. AB - Despite the advances in reconstructive vascular surgery anastomotic pseudoaneurysms have remained a serious problem. Even if a faultless operative technique is used this complication cannot always be averted. In order to avoid rupture or thromboembolism and to improve the patient's prognosis we suggest that all pseudoaneurysms are treated surgically except in poor risk patients. Between 1981 and 1986 119 anastomotic aneurysms in 68 patients were operated on in our department. 31.0% presented as infected aneurysms. 13.1% were recurrent after preceding aneurysm repair. The most common site was the femoral region following aortobifemoral bypass. Host vessel degeneration and acute inflammation of the anastomotic site seem to be the most important causative factors. Surgical repair usually consisted of resecting the anastomosis together with part of the host artery; in septic aneurysms limb salvage was attempted using extra-anatomic bypass. Postoperative mortality was 8.8%, minor complications occurred in 10.9%; 9 patients (13.1%) had to have an amputation. PMID- 3169273 TI - Treatment of traumatic vertebral arteriovenous fistula by balloon occlusion and compressive manoeuvres. PMID- 3169274 TI - The distal arteriovenous fistula: a useful adjunct or a passing fancy? PMID- 3169275 TI - Anastomotic arteriovenous fistulae--are they worth it? AB - An adjuvant distal arteriovenous fistula (ADAVF) has been claimed to increase arterial bypass graft flow and patency when run-off is poor but others have suggested that a patent fistula does not improve in distal limb perfusion. In 10 dogs, hind limbs were rendered ischaemic by proximal arterial ligations and then revascularised with vein grafts. In each dog an ADAVF was constructed on the left graft while the right was used as a control. Flow and pressure were measured in each graft and distal artery and the effect of temporary occlusion and release of the fistula noted. These measurements were repeated at re-operation 3 months later. Mean flow through control grafts was 83 +/- 8.57 (S.E.M.) ml/min, increasing to 146 +/- 22.89 (S.E.M.) ml/min with papaverine (P less than 0.001, Student's t test), and was unchanged at 3 months. Mean flow in grafts with a distal A-V fistula was 250 +/- 41.68 (S.E.M.) ml/min with no change after papaverine, and an increase to 730 +/- 110.5 (S.E.M.) ml/min at 3 months (P less than 0.001, Student's t test). However, arterial flow distal to the fistula was invariably retrograde at initial operation (20 +/- 3.0 S.E.M. ml/min), and this retrograde flow increased to 180 +/- 33.2 (S.E.M.) ml/min at 3 months (P less than 0.001, Student's t test). Distal arterial pressure at initial operation fell from 88.8 +/- 3.35 (S.E.M.) mmHg to 10.8 +/- 1.01 (S.E.M.) mmHg with the fistula open. We conclude that in this animal model an adjuvant distal arteriovenous fistula may improve bypass graft flow, but is unlikely to benefit distal limb perfusion. PMID- 3169276 TI - Vein bypass surgery for femoro-popliteal arteriosclerosis: influence of different risk factors on patient survival and the importance of anticoagulant treatment. AB - For femoro-popliteal arteriosclerosis the autologous saphenous vein graft implanted in reverse has evolved as the standard procedure, but the impact of postoperative anticoagulant treatment upon patient survival in particular remains uncertain. Patients undergoing elective surgery during the years 1970-86 (n = 668) were analysed using Kaplan-Meier estimates. This demonstrated that the preoperative status of the patient exerted a significant influence on the probability of survival (P less than 0.0001 Mantel). Anticoagulants started postoperatively significantly prolonged the life of the patients (P less than 0.0001). Of the various risk factors the patient's age had the most important influence (P less than 0.0001), whereas the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus (P less than 0.064) and the duration of the operation (P less than 0.407), were not significant. Using the proportional hazards regression model to test the validity of a prognostic factor, while other variables were checked, we found preoperative clinical status (P less than 0.0001), the patient's age (P less than 0.0001) and anticoagulant treatment (P less than 0.0001) to be of statistical importance. PMID- 3169277 TI - Stroke risk reduction in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients treated surgically: the effectiveness of carotid endarterectomy with patch graft angioplasty. AB - From March 1980 to March 1987, 217 consecutive patients underwent 252 carotid revascularisations with routine use of continuous EEG monitoring and selective use of an intraluminal shunt for symptomatic (70%) or asymptomatic (30%) internal carotid artery (ICA) atherosclerotic stenosis. All carotid endarterectomies were routinely performed with a patch graft angioplasty. None of the patients suffered permanent or transient neurological deficits in the immediate postoperative period and none of them died. There was an 0.8% stroke rate and 0.4% mortality rate in the early postoperative course. Neurological assessment, Doppler and Echo doppler sonography of both the operated and the contralateral ICA was performed every 6 months. One-hundred and twenty-one patients (142 carotid revascularisations) operated on up to December 31st 1985 were reassessed in July 1986. The mean follow-up time was 35 months (range: 6 months to 6 years). New neurological symptoms were present in 7.4% of the patients; 2.5% of patients developed a stroke and 8.9% showed progression of stenosis in the contralateral ICA. One patient had a common carotid artery stenosis 2 years after surgery. Re stenosis of the ICA was found in two patients who underwent re-operation without difficulty. The late mortality was 21.4% (11.9% of the overall series). In only two patients (7.6%) was stroke the cause of death. PMID- 3169278 TI - Long-term results after carotid artery surgery. AB - This study presents the results from a follow-up after 414 carotid reconstructions performed on 352 patients during the years 1971-82. At the end of the follow-up period 267 patients were alive (75.8%) and 253 patients remained asymptomatic. The median follow-up time was 35 months (6 months-12 years). Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) had a significantly lower survival than patients without signs of CAD. Coronary artery disease was significantly more frequent among patients with bilateral carotid lesions compared to patients with unilateral lesions. The actuarial stroke frequency, operative morbidity included, on the operated side was 2.5%/year. However, from 6 months postoperatively up to 8 years the stroke frequency was 1%/year. In the stroke frequencies all neurological deficits of more than 24 h duration are accounted for. Although there was a trend toward higher stroke rates among older patients there were no significant differences between age groups. Assuming a 10% stroke frequency during the first year after a TIA and a 6% annual stroke rate thereafter our results would cross even such a natural course curve at 18 months. PMID- 3169279 TI - Platelet kinetics following carotid endarterectomy: the effect of aspirin and patch angioplasty. AB - Platelet deposition on the subintimal surface of the arterial wall following endarterectomy has been implicated in the development of postoperative thrombosis, intimal hyperplasia and may be important in recurrent stenosis. Autologous radiolabelled platelet deposition has been measured in 51 patients following carotid endarterectomy. The effect of platelet inhibitory drugs and patch angioplasty on early postoperative platelet accumulation at the site of endarterectomy has been investigated. In patients undergoing direct suture of the arteriotomy, platelet deposition measured as the Carotid Uptake Ratio was significantly reduced from 1.44 +/- 0.03 to 1.11 +/- 0.35 in those receiving aspirin and dipyridamole (P less than 0.002). Carotid Uptake Ratio was greater following patch angioplasty at 1.41 +/- 0.07 when compared to 1.14 +/- 0.07 with direct suture of the arteriotomy (P less than 0.002). PMID- 3169280 TI - Hail to the animal kingdom. PMID- 3169281 TI - Radical or conservative surgery for ectopic pregnancy? A follow-up study of fertility of 323 patients. AB - The fertility of 323 patients desiring pregnancy after operation for ectopic pregnancy was analyzed after a follow-up period of 1 to 11 years (mean 5.1 years). The conception rate was 82%. Full-term delivery was obtained in 79% of the pregnant patients and repeat ectopic pregnancy in 13%. Nulliparous women had a significantly lower (P less than 0.01) conception rate (74%) than parous women (86%). The operation method had no influence on subsequent fertility in women with an intact contralateral tube. The women with intact contralateral tubes had a significantly higher pregnancy (P less than 0.001) and full-term birth (P less than 0.01) rates (87% and 83%, respectively) but significantly lower (P less than 0.001) repeat ectopic pregnancy rate (9%) than the women with affected contralateral tube (51%, 56%, and 52%, respectively). Compared with the parous women (9%), the risk of repeat ectopic pregnancy was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher for nulliparous women (22%). Of the nulliparous women with repeat ectopic pregnancy only 16% had a full-term pregnancy. PMID- 3169282 TI - The effect of cycle length on the outcome of in vitro fertilization. AB - In order to study the effect of cycle length on the pregnancy rate in an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program, 173 consecutive patients were divided into short menstrual cycle (mode 26 days or less) and normal cycle (mode 27 days or more) groups. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two treatments, commencing ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) on either day 2 or day 4 of their cycle. The number of oocytes retrieved and embryos transferred did not differ significantly. The amount of hMG used and day of human chorionic gonadotrophin administration both differed significantly (P less than 0.01) between regimens but was independent of cycle length. Both the clinical pregnancy rate (30.2% versus 9.4%, P less than 0.05) and the number of cleaved embryos giving rise to gestation sacs (16% versus 3.4%, P less than 0.02) was significantly higher in patients with a normal cycle length. Mode cycle length has a significant bearing on the outcome of IVF-ET cycles. PMID- 3169283 TI - Influence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and hCG internalization by granulosa cells on the rate of in vitro fertilization and embryonic development of human oocytes. AB - Follicular fluids and granulosa cells were obtained from 28 aspirated follicles of nine women undergoing laparoscopy in an in vitro fertilization program. Follicular growth was stimulated by a human menopausal gonadotropin regimen and laparoscopy was performed 32 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. Follicular fluid 17 beta-estradiol (E2) levels were higher and hCG levels were lower in follicles with oocytes that fertilized and cleaved beyond two blastomeres (greater than two-cell group) than in those with nonfertilizable oocytes (NF group) (P less than 0.05). Compared to those from the NF group, granulosa cells from the greater than two-cell group secreted less progesterone (P) in vitro and had a fourfold increase in percentage of cells with internalized hCG. These results demonstrate that the steroidogenic capacity of granulosa cells from follicles whose oocytes fertilize and undergo accelerated embryonic development in vitro differs from the capacity of granulosa cells from NF follicles. This difference may be due to their enhanced ability to bind and subsequently internalize hCG. PMID- 3169284 TI - Dynamics of estradiol and testosterone and seminal fluid indexes in smokers and nonsmokers. AB - The serum levels of estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T), the metabolic clearance rates of estradiol (MCRE2) and testosterone (MCRT), and the production rates of estradiol and testosterone (PRE2) and (PRT) were examined in 22 male smokers and 21 male nonsmokers. Seminal fluid indexes (sperm count, % motility, grade of motility, and % of sperm with abnormal morphology) were also assessed. The mean E2 level and the mean PRE2 were significantly greater in smokers than in nonsmokers (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01, respectively); however, the means of MCRE2, MCRT, PRT, and T did not differ significantly in smokers compared to nonsmokers. No significant product-moment correlations were found between the various hormonal measures and the seminal fluid indexes in the overall sample. However, the smokers with sperm counts below the median sperm count of the sample had significantly higher mean levels of E2 and PRE2 than did the smokers with sperm counts above that median. Mechanisms that might mediate the greater PRE2 of smokers and a negative relationship between estradiol and sperm count are discussed. PMID- 3169285 TI - Clinical evaluation of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for antisperm antibodies. AB - A commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for the detection of antisperm antibodies in serum was compared with standard sperm immobilization test (SIT) with the use of sera from 83 infertile women and 29 control individuals. For the ELISA, 24% of the infertile patients and 10% of the controls showed positive results, whereas 15% of the patients and none of the control were positive in the SIT. Parallel tests carried out on the same sera indicated that these methods detect a different, though often overlapping, spectrum of antibody activity. The presence and number of motile sperm in cervical mucus during postcoital tests were found to be related to the results of the SIT. On the other hand, the ELISA did not appear to be related to the quality of postcoital tests. These data indicate that care must be employed to interpret the results of this ELISA kit for the detection of antisperm antibodies. PMID- 3169286 TI - An ovum capture inhibitor (OCI) in endometriosis peritoneal fluid: an OCI-related membrane responsible for fimbrial failure of ovum capture. AB - The present study was conducted to assess the mechanism of in vitro interference with fimbrial ovum capture by the ovum capture inhibitor (OCI) which we have recently demonstrated in endometriosis peritoneal fluid (PF). A golden hamster oviduct exposed to either endometriosis or nonendometriosis PF for 20 minutes at 37 degrees C was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Exposure of the oviduct to endometriosis PF reduced fimbrial activity of ovum capture and developed an OCI-related membrane on the fimbria, by which fimbrial cilia were completely concealed. This was not the case for nonendometriosis PF. Subsequently, an oviduct having been exposed to endometriosis PF was retrogradely flushed, by which the OCI-related membrane was ballooned and removed. The flushed oviduct resumed its activity of ovum capture. The OCI-related membrane appeared a cause of OCI interference with fimbrial ovum capture by preventing the contact between the fimbrial cilia and the cumulus oophorus. PMID- 3169287 TI - Transabdominal versus transvaginal ultrasound scanning of ovarian follicles: are they comparable? AB - The results of this study show that ultrasound measurements by the transabdominal and transvaginal routes are statistically comparable and reproducible between observers. The somewhat larger standard deviations found with transabdominal scanning suggest that the transvaginal route may be more accurate in the daily monitoring of follicular development. PMID- 3169288 TI - Microsurgical fallopian tube transposition with subsequent term pregnancy. AB - A case is described in which a patient with a non-communicating left unicornuate uterus and surgically absent left tube and ovary delivered at term after a microsurgical anastomosis of the right fallopian tube and left cornua. Pregnancy rates with this type of procedure have been reported to be comparable to ipsilateral tubal anastomosis. Tubal transposition should be considered as an alternative option to IVF-ET in selected patients. PMID- 3169290 TI - Is "microscopic" peritoneal endometriosis invisible? AB - This study fails to uphold the concept of invisible, microscopic endometriosis. Peritoneum devoid of disease exists, can be described, and can be consistently found. PMID- 3169289 TI - A teaching model for endoscopic surgery: hysteroscopy and pelviscopic surgery. AB - The tissue model described is readily available and can be manipulated in many ways to stimulate intraoperative conditions that may be approached by gynecologic endoscopic surgery. The value in using the sow uterus and bladder is that details of tissue management can be induced in the instructional course. The student can learn where and how to make incisions, to remove tissue from the cavity (abdomen or uterus), and to perform endoscopic suturing when indicated. The student can observed what happens to tissue under the influence of various energy forms such as bipolar or monopolar electrosurgery and lasers. The range of actual simulations is limited only by the imagination of the instructors and can probably be adapted to many other procedures not described in this report. PMID- 3169291 TI - Reproductive outcome after medical management of complicated pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - A significant proportion of women with PID will have their disease complicated by a TOC. We conclude that it is appropriate in women with this stage of PID to treat initially with clindamycin and an aminoglycoside. In addition, since more than half of the women will suffer reproductive difficulties, efforts to improve early diagnosis and therapy should continue. Based on our data, an early infertility evaluation is indicated in women wishing to conceive after complicated PID. PMID- 3169292 TI - Successful nonsurgical treatment of cervical pregnancy with methotrexate. AB - Although cervical pregnancy is a rare complication of gestation, previously described treatments are associated with a high morbidity. A case of cervical pregnancy successfully treated without surgery is presented. When the diagnosis is made early in gestation, the use of methotrexate should be considered for the treatment of cervical pregnancy when future fertility is desirable. PMID- 3169293 TI - Evaluation of luteal phase. PMID- 3169294 TI - Role of temperature in regulation of spermatogenesis. PMID- 3169295 TI - Nurses address RCT proposal and nursing shortage: FNA convenes Florida summit. PMID- 3169296 TI - A special on the nursing shortage and AMA proposal. From within. PMID- 3169297 TI - A special on the nursing shortage and AMA proposal. PMID- 3169299 TI - Functions of the Board of Nursing. PMID- 3169298 TI - The saber-toothed organizing framework. PMID- 3169301 TI - Correctional nursing. PMID- 3169300 TI - AIDS in home care: a challenge for professional nursing. PMID- 3169302 TI - A salute to student nurses. PMID- 3169303 TI - Seasonal variation in testicular activity of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). PMID- 3169305 TI - Morphotic composition of bone marrow and peripheral blood in various periods of the life cycle of the Pharaoh quail (Coturnix coturnix Pharaoh). III. Peripheral blood-white blood cell system. PMID- 3169304 TI - Characteristics of the neonatal spleen cell subpopulation in mice which suppresses lymphocyte proliferative response to mitogen stimulation. PMID- 3169306 TI - Morphotic composition of bone marrow and peripheral blood in various periods of the life cycle of the Pharaoh quail (Coturnix coturnix Pharaoh). II. Peripheral blood: the red blood cell system. PMID- 3169307 TI - Cadmium-induced liver and spleen damage in inbred mouse strains. PMID- 3169308 TI - A karyometric study of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus of kainic acid-treated mice. PMID- 3169309 TI - Changes in the magnesium content in the blood serum of mice treated with sodium glutamate and kainic acid. PMID- 3169310 TI - Circannual changes in the serum levels of calcium and magnesium in laboratory mice. PMID- 3169311 TI - Karyometry of the neurosecretory neurons of the hypothalamus of mice of various ages treated with sodium glutamate. PMID- 3169312 TI - Family structure and dependency: early transitions to female household headship. AB - This article looks at the intergenerational effects of family structure on family formation and economic dependency. Three explanations are examined: the economic deprivation, socialization, and family-stress hypotheses. Daughters living in single-parent families at some point during adolescence are more likely to become household heads and to go on welfare than offspring of two-parent families. Differences in the incomes of one- and two-parent families can account for up to 25 percent of the difference in offspring behaviors. None of the hypotheses, however, provides a complete explanation of family structure effects. The analysis is based on data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and uses event history analysis to estimate transitions into female headship and economic dependence. PMID- 3169313 TI - Monitoring the metropolitanization process. AB - Alternative approaches have led to different interpretations of the metropolitanization process in the United States. We identify and illustrate several methods and procedures for monitoring metropolitan-nonmetropolitan population change using the 1950-1980 U.S. decennial censuses. Two basic approaches are compared: constant area approaches and component methods. In addition, we assess the effects of changing metropolitan definitions on metropolitan-nonmetropolitan growth. The results clearly reveal that the underlying mechanics of metropolitanization not only are complex but have changed substantially during the 1950-1980 period. We conclude with observations regarding the use of these procedures in future research. PMID- 3169314 TI - Components of change in migration and destination-propensity rates for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas: 1935-1980. AB - This article focuses on components of change in out-migration and destination propensity rates of metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The results indicate that changes in subgroup-specific rates were the driving force behind the changing patterns between and within these two areas. Composition effects played a secondary role, mainly counteracting the negative impact of changing rates. Although the rate of change in out-migration from metropolitan areas has been reduced and out-migration from nonmetropolitan areas declined during the most recent period, the propensity to select metropolitan areas increased over the period studied. Finally, rate-specific changes vary by age and education, indicating a change in migration's impact on population composition at origin and destination. PMID- 3169316 TI - Government statistics: the conflict between research and privacy. AB - The production of social statistics has been challenged in certain West European nations by the "privacy issue." Privacy advocates contend that computerized data files containing information about individuals endanger personal privacy and other civil liberties. The privacy issue has taken two forms: anti-census campaigns and data protection systems. Although those responsible for statistical data have traditionally safeguarded their records, they are often drawn into this issue. Increasingly, they have had to deal with the sociopolitical environment through legislative liaisons, lawyers, and advertising agencies. They have also had to revise data collection and processing procedures. In some situations, they have had to suspend censuses and surveys. PMID- 3169315 TI - The replacement effect and comparisons of per capita income across countries: a short note. AB - This article is intended to clarify two aspects of Leibenstein's replacement effect that have not been adequately addressed in print. First, formal analysis of the replacement effect demonstrates that it is not determined by the quality of entering and departing workers alone but, rather, by the entire age schedule of labor quality. Second, a simple model is used to demonstrate the absence of welfare implications associated with the replacement effect and to quantify the magnitude of the replacement effect. PMID- 3169317 TI - Comment on Pampel and Pillai's "Patterns and determinants of infant mortality in developed nations, 1950-1975". PMID- 3169318 TI - Language usage and fertility in the Mexican-origin population of the United States. AB - This article examines the effects of English proficiency and female education on cumulative and recent fertility within the Mexican-origin population in the U.S. To ascertain whether the cultural or the human capital aspects of linguistic variables have the greater salience for fertility behavior, fertility patterns of bilingual women are compared with those of monolingual women speaking English or Spanish. Using the 1980 U.S. Census 5 percent Public Use Microdata Sample for ever-married Mexican-origin women aged 15-44, we find that for almost all age cohorts, the effects of English proficiency are negative and increase with rising education. The strength of the interaction is greater in younger age groups. Greater English proficiency is also associated with a more negative impact of education for native- than foreign-born women. Overall, the influence of "opportunity cost," as opposed to cultural factors, is more important in shaping the fertility behavior of these women. PMID- 3169319 TI - Undocumented Mexican immigrants and the earnings of other workers in the United States. AB - This article examines the effects of undocumented Mexican immigrants on the earnings of other workers in geographical labor markets in the Southwest. The number of undocumented Mexicans included in the 1980 census in southwestern SMSAs is estimated. We then estimate the parameters of three specifications of a generalized Leontief production function with various demographic groups as substitutable factors. The statistically significant effects of undocumented Mexicans on the earnings of other groups are positive, but of slight magnitude. Legal immigrants' effects on native white earnings, however, are small and negative. The results are consistent with the possibility that undocumented Mexican immigrants' jobs complement those of other workers. The implications for public policy concerns about the effects of illegal Mexican immigration are discussed. PMID- 3169320 TI - Racial differences in contraceptive choice: complexity and implications. AB - Previous research has failed to generate consensus about why black fertility has persistently exceeded that of whites in the United States. In an effort to shed light on this question, this article examines black/white differences in sociodemographic factors affecting contraceptive choice. Using data from the 1976 and 1982 National Surveys of Family Growth, we find a complex pattern of black/white differences. Not only does contraceptive choice vary by race, but the effects of such variables as age, marital status, and education also differ between blacks and whites. For example, compared with whites, black married women avoid coital methods, and compared with blacks, white women shift contraceptive behavior more as they change marital status. The complex nature of the racial differences in contraceptive choice are interpreted as reflecting differences in marriage patterns and trends. PMID- 3169321 TI - American Indian household structure and income. AB - We use the 1980 Public-Use Microdata Sample to consider the relationship between household structure and economic well-being among American Indians. We focus on the total U.S. Indian population and on the residents of 19 "Indian states" where there has been relatively little growth in the Indian population by means of changes in racial self-identification. Using Sweet's (1984) scheme of household types, we find that the prevalence among Indians of female-headed households with children is intermediate between that among blacks and whites, but the prevalence of couple-headed households with children is highest among Indians. Racial differences in the distribution of household types and differences in average household size are important determinants of black-white and Indian-white differences in average household income. PMID- 3169322 TI - Interregional flows of economically active persons in France, 1975-1982. AB - Recent net interregional migration into southern and western France is widely appreciated, but much less is known about the composition of these flows in terms of the occupational characteristics of economically active migrants. Using results from the 1982 census, this article disaggregates net flows to reveal inflows and outflows of migrants defined by gender and occupational groups. Important differences between these groups with regard to absolute flows and geographical mobility are uncovered and discussed in relation to the new spatial division of labor perspective on counterurbanization. PMID- 3169324 TI - [Pemphigus erythematosus with the histologic picture of pemphigus vulgaris. Pathogenetic considerations based on a case]. PMID- 3169323 TI - Heterogeneity and the implied dynamics of regional growth rates: was the nonmetropolitan turnaround an artifact of aggregation? AB - The spatial units of analysis employed in urban and regional research display considerable internal heterogeneity in terms of the social, demographic, and economic variables used to describe them. One implication of this has been overlooked in the literature, namely, that aggregate rates may have an implicit dynamic of change. Differential internal rates modify the composition of the aggregate, changing the relative importance of subareas in determining the aggregate rate. To demonstrate this, methods for decomposing the change in growth rates due to heterogeneity are developed and applied to nonmetropolitan growth rates between 1950 and 1980. Internal heterogeneity was found to be an important, and sometimes even a dominant, component of change. Furthermore, the analysis sheds considerable light on the reasons for the changes in aggregate rates that marked the nonmetropolitan turnaround. PMID- 3169325 TI - [Treatment of therapy resistant forms of psoriasis with etretinate. Case report]. PMID- 3169326 TI - [Effect of PUVA therapy on migration modulating serum factors in psoriasis]. PMID- 3169327 TI - [Recommendations for the nomenclature of psoriasis. Revised version]. PMID- 3169328 TI - [Determination of the 8-methoxypsoralen spectrum of action in vitro on lymphocytes]. PMID- 3169329 TI - [Side effects of etretinate therapy]. PMID- 3169330 TI - [Venous ulcus cruris in Klinefelter syndrome]. PMID- 3169331 TI - [Lysosomal enzymes and N-procollagen peptide in varicose veins]. PMID- 3169332 TI - [Simultaneous occurrence of perianal condylomata acuminata and anal cancer in a male homosexual patient--coincidental finding or increased risk of illness?]. PMID- 3169333 TI - A case of Candida albicans skin abscess associated with intravenous catheterization. AB - We report a case of Candida albicans skin abscess, which developed on the left knee of a 59-year-old male, who had been bedridden for the past 2 months because of subarachnoid haemorrhage. The route of the infection was considered to be an intravenous catheter that had been inserted into the left great saphenous vein at the medial malleolus. The prolonged systemic administration of antibiotics and corticosteroids, as well as prostration, were suspected to be the factors that led to the infection. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous miconazole and subsequent high-dose oral amphotericin B therapy. PMID- 3169334 TI - Jessner and Kanof's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin: a familial variant. AB - We describe an otherwise healthy mother and son who have developed Jessner/Kanof's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin. This is the first description of this condition occurring in a parent and child in this fashion. PMID- 3169335 TI - Familial aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp without other defects in 6 members of three successive generations. AB - Six cases of isolated aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp among family members over three successive generations are described suggesting an autosomal dominant inheritance. Five family members were examined in our clinic while one member is abroad. A review of the literature concerning isolated congenital aplasia cutis of the scalp in three or more generations is done. PMID- 3169336 TI - Measurement of erythema and tanning responses in human skin using a tri-stimulus colorimeter. AB - A 'Minolta Tri-Stimulus Colorimeter II' was evaluated for obtaining objective measurements of early changes in erythema and tanning. The meter showed a subtle, continuous transition between the primary erythematous response and the delayed tanning of skin which was below the visual threshold for detection. Thereafter, the a* (redness) value of the meter showed a significant linear correlation with the dermatologist's perception of erythema while the b* (yellow) value showed a significant correlation with the perception of tanning. This capability of the tri-stimulus colorimeter to simultaneously evaluate the hue and saturation of skin color affords an improved opportunity to quantitate the transition from erythema to tanning without subjective bias. PMID- 3169337 TI - Rates of epidermal carcinomas in the Mosan region of Belgium. AB - The prevalence of nonmelanocytic skin cancers has been evaluated from histologic data related to the population of the Mosan region of Belgium. 2,538 neoplasms were identified over a period of 5 years. The collected data are in opposition with those provided by the national cancer registry of Belgium. Nonmelanocytic skin cancers represent at least 15% of the total number of cancers. The relative risk to develop a given malignant cutaneous neoplasm rather than another is constant until 80 years of age. The age distribution of the rates of estimated prevalence is different between keratoacanthomas on the one hand and basal and squamous cell carcinomas on the other hand. PMID- 3169338 TI - Architectural features in melanocytic lesions with cellular atypia. AB - According to the quantity of single atypical melanocytes at the dermoepidermal junction 334 nevi were assigned to 3 groups: (1) with pronounced nuclear and cellular atypia (n = 73); (2) with moderate atypia (n = 127), and (3) without atypical melanocytes (n = 134). Three architectural features were almost exclusively observed in groups 1 and 2 with cellular and nuclear atypia: atypical localization of melanocytes in the epidermis, irregular distribution of melanocytes in the junctional zone and atypical nests of melanocytes. A combination of 2 or 3 of these features was seen in 76% of the nevi with pronounced cellular and nuclear atypia, in 28% of those with moderate atypia and in none of those without atypical melanocytes. Regarding 4 other criteria only minor but still statistically significant differences were found between the 3 groups of nevi. We conclude that these 4 other criteria, i.e. inflammatory infiltrate, lamellar and/or concentric fibroplasia, persisting lentiginous hyperplasia and dust-like pigment in melanocytes and nevus cells are not helpful for the diagnosis of a dysplastic nevus because of their low specificity. Minimal requirements for the diagnosis of a dysplastic nevus are suggested. PMID- 3169339 TI - Vitiligo as a reaction to topical treatment with diphencyprone. AB - During the topical treatment of 45 patients, who had extensive forms of alopecia areata, with the allergen diphencyprone, 3 of them (6.7%) developed vitiligo. Two were females and 1 male aged 53, 19 and 28 years respectively. None of these patients had a personal or family history of vitiligo. Vitiligo appeared 3-5 months after the onset of treatment and was localized only to the areas of topical application in the younger woman and the man. In the older woman, vitiligo extended to several areas apart from those where the medicament was applied. After the end of diphencyprone treatment, vitiligo had a spontaneous significant improvement only in the man. Mitochondrial autoantibodies were found in the older woman only. To our knowledge, vitiligo due to diphencyprone has not been previously reported. PMID- 3169342 TI - Juvenile pemphigus vulgaris: a 4- to 19-year follow-up of 4 patients. AB - Juvenile pemphigus (JP) is a rare disease. Of 274 pemphigus patients who were under our care during the last 26 years, 4 (1.4%) were in the JP category. The course and prognosis of the disease in the 4 patients who have been followed for 4-19 years are presented. Two patients are still in complete remission and off treatment for 4 and 6 years. In view of the literature and our experience, it appears that the clinical manifestations and course of JP are variable, similar to adult pemphigus. However, it seems that JP has a favorable prognosis quoad vitam. PMID- 3169341 TI - Age-associated changes in stratum corneum lipids and their relation to dryness. AB - Stratum corneum lipids (SCL) were collected on the right and left legs of 50 subjects of varying ages and skin dryness. The level of dryness and composition of the lipid was the same on both sides. While skin dryness continuously increased with age, the composition of SCL showed a constant profile from the 50s. Aging was mostly associated with a decrease in sterol esters and triglycerides. On the legs, the SCL do not seem to primarily govern the increased desquamative process which features xerosis. PMID- 3169340 TI - Nuchal nevus flammeus as a skin marker of prognosis in alopecia areata. AB - In this work, the incidence of nuchal nevus flammeus was studied in 205 patients suffering from various forms of alopecia areata, as well as in a group of 555 volunteers without alopecia areata examined in our outpatient clinic. The incidence of nuchal nevus flammeus in the totalis-universalis form of alopecia areata was 58.2% (examined patients, n = 79), in ophiasis-extensive forms 22.8% (examined patients, n = 70) and in simple forms of alopecia areata 3.6% (examined patients, n = 56). In the group of 555 volunteers without alopecia areata the incidence of nuchal nevus flammeus was 4.5%. Our results show that nuchal nevus flammeus could be a valuable skin marker indicating a more severe course of alopecia areata. PMID- 3169343 TI - Recombinant interferon alpha-2A (Roferon-A) in a case of Buschke-Lowenstein giant condyloma. AB - A case is presented of a 63-year-old female suffering from Buschke-Lowenstein giant condyloma acuminatum of more than 12 years' duration. The lesions had spread from portio and vagina to the bladder and the right ureter resulting in hydronephrosis of the right kidney leading to subsequent surgical procedures including the establishment of an ilealbladder and exstirpation of the right ureter and nephrectomy of the right kidney. Treatment with recombinant interferon alpha-2A 1.8 mU for 5 days a week resulted in steady regression of all tumor masses. After 6 months of treatment the tumors which had covered the whole of vagina and portio and filled out the whole vagina cavity were reduced to 5 small pin-size lesions at the introitus. Initial side effects of flu-like symptoms disappeared spontaneously without discontinuation of treatment. PMID- 3169344 TI - Multiple clustered dermatofibromas. Evolution over 20 years. AB - A 37 year-old man developed, over 20 years, multiple clustered dermatofibromas on the left thigh. Three similar cases have been described previously and the benign course of this lesion has been referred to. Analysis of collagen amino acids revealed a sharp increase of hydroxylysine on the fibrous central zone, suggesting an abnormal accumulation of type IV collagen. PMID- 3169345 TI - Localized argyria caused by silver earrings. AB - A patient with silver earring backings, embedded in the ear lobes for several years, developed blue macules of localized argyria on both sides. PMID- 3169346 TI - Isomorphic phenomenon in morphea. PMID- 3169347 TI - Congenital glaucoma and cutis marmorata telangiectatica: report of the second case. PMID- 3169348 TI - Effect of the local application of ciclosporine A on chronic erosive lichen planus of the oral cavity. PMID- 3169349 TI - D-galactose binding lectins from the tunicate Ascidia malaca: subunit characterization and hemocyte surface distribution. AB - D-galactose specific lectins purified from Ascidia malaca serum contain a major protein component with an apparent molecular weight of about 58,000 daltons, which moves more rapidly under non-reducing conditions. Intramolecular disulfide linkages can explain this behaviour, suggesting a compact protein structure. Membrane lectins have been demonstrated on the surface of about 34% hemocytes by immunofluorescent methods using a rabbit antiserum against the isolated serum lectins. Small, medium and large hemocytes can be positive, as also shown by binding on Sepharose spherules or by rosette formation with sheep and rabbit erythrocytes. Binding is inhibited by the same sugars specific for the serum lectins. Finally, antibodies to the serum lectins specifically agglutinate the hemocytes. This evidence supports the hypothesis that a lectin with the same specificity and certain structural similarities can be found free in the serum and present on hemocyte surfaces. PMID- 3169350 TI - The production of toxic oxygen metabolites by hemocytes of different snail species. AB - The phagocytic hemocytes of four snail species were investigated for their ability to generate reactive oxygen metabolites upon stimulation by foreign material. Hemocytes of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis and of the garden snail Helix aspersa showed a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) when they phagocytosed zymosan particles. This CL was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and sodium azide, indicating the involvement of oxygen intermediates. Hemocytes of the planorbid snails Planorbarius corneus and Biomphalaria glabrata did not give a detectable CL response. This is probably due to the presence of hemoglobin in the hemolymph; after isolation of the cells and subsequent stimulation, however, still no CL could be measured. Hemocytes of all four snail species showed a SOD-sensitive nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction, indicating the generation of superoxide anions. Regarding the NBT reaction, no differences were observed between strains of B. glabrata that were susceptible or resistant to PR-1 Schistosoma mansoni; neither did exposure to the parasite have an effect on the ability of the hemocytes to reduce NBT. Also, hemocytes from Trichobilharzia ocellata-infected L. stagnalis did not react differently from hemocytes of uninfected snails. It is now clear that phagocytically stimulated hemocytes of several molluscan species can generate reactive forms of oxygen; the relevance of this fact for the phylogeny of killing systems operative in leukocytes is discussed. PMID- 3169351 TI - In vitro agglutinin production by earthworm leukocytes. AB - Leukocytes of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris, secrete agglutinins in vitro, as shown by measuring agglutinin titers of the culture medium and by observing secretory rosette formation by leukocytes with erythrocytes. Leukocytes form the highest percentages of secretory rosettes with rabbit erythrocytes (RBC) and with other RBC species in the order: rat, guinea pig, mouse, calf, sheep, horse, goat. Leukocytes displayed allotypic specificity by forming rosettes selectively with erythrocytes from different individual rabbits. Eight sugars inhibited rosette formation, along with the polysaccharide mannan and the glycoproteins thyroglobulin and bovine submaxillary mucin. Cyclohexamide did not affect rosette formation, suggesting that agglutinins may be preformed and stored in leukocytes prior to secretion. Leukocytes also formed E-type rosettes with erythrocytes, but apparently utilized different receptors from those of secretory rosettes since they were not inhibited by the same sugars. PMID- 3169352 TI - Separation of Crassostrea gigas hemocytes by density gradient centrifugation and counterflow centrifugal elutriation. AB - A protocol is described to separate several subpopulations of hemocytes in a unique medium which avoids cell aggregation and retains cell-viability. Isopycnic centrifugation in Percoll followed by counterflow centrifugal elutriation provides large quantities of separated granulocyte and hyalinocyte subpopulations. PMID- 3169353 TI - Fc receptor for shark IgM. AB - Fc receptors for shark IgM have been demonstrated on shark leukocytes. Measurement of receptor binding required treatment of leukocytes with Cytochalasin D to inhibit phagocytosis. EA rosetting assays were carried out using human erythrocytes coated with shark anti-human antibody. Binding to shark leukocytes was demonstrated to be specific to shark IgM in that affinity purified shark IgM and purified Fc5 mu fragments could block rosette formation, but not shark transferrin, bovine serum albumin or fetal bovine serum. The binding was shown to be saturable and reversible, characteristic of receptor-ligand interaction. Further, it was shown that affinity purified, radioiodinated IgM could also bind Cytochalasin D-treated shark leukocytes in a manner analogous to rosetting. We conclude that Fc receptors appeared early in evolution, and that previous difficulties in demonstrating the Fc mu receptor resulted from non specific binding associated with phagocytosis. PMID- 3169354 TI - Effect of manganese ions on the immune response of carp (Cyprinus carpio) against Yersinia ruckeri. AB - The effect of manganese ions Mn2+ (Mn Cl2) on hematocrit and the antibody response of carp (Cyprinus carpio) was investigated after exposure of fish to contaminated water for 2.5 months. Contamination of water with 50 mg/l Mn2+ did not decreased antibody production against Yersinia ruckeri (measured by agglutination) but significantly decreased hematocrit. The levels of manganese in lymphoid organs (spleen and kidney) increased progressively during the experiment. The effect of manganese in vitro on phagocytosis of opsonized Yersinia ruckeri was studied by chemiluminescence. Mn2+ has a stimulating effect on phagocytosis in a range of 6.25 to 50 mg/l. PMID- 3169355 TI - Suppression of natural cytotoxic cell activity by social aggressiveness in Tilapia. AB - Our earlier observations revealed that social stress causes drastic effects on different physiological mechanisms and degenerative changes in leucocytes. In this preliminary work, we analyzed the effect of social aggressiveness on functional activities of leucocytes emphasizing (NCC) activity in Tilapia. At 10 hr post stress induction, fish could be differentiated into three categories: 1) dominants; 2) subordinates; and 3) indeterminants. Results of NCC as indicated by 4 hr. 51Cr-release assay, demonstrated a significant suppression in cytotoxic reactivity in the subordinates and indeterminants compared to dominants. This suppression appears to be due to a decrease in the binding capacity of effector cells to YAC-1 target cells as indicated by the decreased number of conjugate forming cells. This binding process is a key event in activating the fish equivalent of NK cells in mammals. Decreased NCC-activity in stressed fish suggests that aberrations in cell mediated immunity result from social aggressiveness. PMID- 3169357 TI - Comparative natural killer cell activities of thymic, bursal, splenic and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes of chickens. AB - The natural killer (NK) cell activities of spleen, thymus, bursa, peripheral blood and gut intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) from FP and SC chickens were investigated in 4-hr and 16-hr 51Cr release assays. Target cells were 4 different tumor cell lines derived from either an avian leukosis tumor transplant (LSCC RP9, LSCC-RP12) or from Marek's disease lymphomas (MDCC-MSB-1, MCDD-CU36). Great variability in cytotoxic potential was observed among NK cells of different lymphoid organs. NK cell cytotoxicity varied depending upon the type of effector cells, type of target cells, the ratio of effector to target cells, and the age and genetic background of chickens. Substantial levels of NK cell activity were detected in spleen and gut IEL of SC chickens in a 4-hr assay. In contrast, the NK cytotoxicity in gut IEL of FP chickens was not detectable until 16 hr after incubation. The ranges of target cell specificity demonstrated by IEL, spleen, thymus and bursa NK cells were similar to one another and, in general, the level of cytotoxicity increased with incubation time. Thymus and bursa NK cell activity of both SC and FP chickens was not detectable in a 4-hr assay but substantial NK cell activity was demonstrated in a 16-hr assay. The results of the present study demonstrate that various lymphoid organs of chickens, such as spleen, thymus, bursa, and gut intraepithelium, contain subpopulations of cells that can mediate spontaneous cytotoxicity. PMID- 3169356 TI - Thiouracil and antibody titers of chickens from lines divergently selected for antibody response to sheep erythrocytes. AB - Chickens from lines selected for high (HA) and low (LA) antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were fed ad libitum either a diet containing 0 (control) or .1% thiouracil (TF) throughout two trials. Chicks were injected intravenously with .1 ml of .25% SRBC at 37 days of age in Trial 1, and a booster of the same dosage was given to half of these chicks at 61 days of age. Antibody titers were measured 5 and 3 days after primary and secondary inoculations. In Trial 2, primary inoculations of SRBC were given at 21 and 38 days of age, and chicks were bled 3, 5, 7 and 10 days after inoculation. TF chicks had lower body weights and higher feed efficiencies than controls. Plasma thyroxine (T4) concentrations were similar for both lines, but line by diet interactions were present for plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and T3/T4 ratios. When fed the control diet, T3 concentrations and T3/T4 ratios were higher for line HA than line LA, but the pattern was reversed when thiouracil was fed. Antibody titers to SRBC in both trials were higher for HA than LA chicks, but were similar for TF and control chicks. Persistence of elevated titers appeared to be greater in TF than control chicks. There were no differences between TF and control chicks for heterohphil/lymphocyte ratios. PMID- 3169358 TI - Ontogeny of mitogen responsive lymphocytes in the bovine fetus. AB - Bovine fetal lymphocytes were examined for their ability to respond to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), Concanavalin A (ConA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in the lymphocyte blastogenesis test (LBT). PHA-, Con A- and PWM-responsive lymphocytes appeared simultaneously at 75-80 days of gestation. The response increased with age of the fetus until, by 120 days of gestation, the response to PHA, Con A and PWM of many fetuses was in the range of values obtained with lymphocytes from normal adult cattle. PMID- 3169359 TI - An experimental study of tubo-ovarian function following restoration of patency in hydrosalpinges. AB - The recovery of tubal function after restoration of patency in mechanically induced hydrosalpinges was studied in twenty sexually mature rabbits by correlating the morphological lesions of tubal damage and adhesion formation with the ovulatory function, pregnancy rate and nidation index at 2 and 4-8 weeks postoperative intervals. Two weeks after hydrosalpinx correction no implantations occurred although the oviducts had a patency rate of 63% and no or slight adhesions were present. From four weeks after hydrosalpinx correction implantations occurred. Morphological studies showed a partial or complete recovery of mucosal lesions in this group of rabbits. The number of ovulations correlated with the presence or absence of a moderate degree of postoperative adhesion formation. PMID- 3169360 TI - Ovarian cystadenoma with stromal cell hyperplasia and postmenopausal virilization: a case report. AB - A 73-yr-old woman had noted progressive virilization. The plasma testosterone levels were elevated (340 ng/dl) and the pelvic ultrasound examination revealed an enlarged left ovary. At laparotomy, a large cystic tumor replaced the left ovary. The plasma testosterone became normal after the removal of the tumor. On anatomical analysis, the tumor was an ovarian cystadenoma with hyperplasia of stromal cells in the periphery of the tumor. PMID- 3169361 TI - Artificial insemination by donor and the view of man. PMID- 3169362 TI - Interaction of iron-adriamycin complexes with ceruloplasmin and apotransferrin. AB - 1. The present kinetic study suggests that the Fe(II)-adriamycin complex acts as substrate for ceruloplasmin, which oxidizes the complex to the ferric form (Km = 21.7 microM). 2. Apotransferrin readily removes iron from Fe(III)-adriamycin. 3. However, adriamycin, at low concentration, is able to take up some iron from a 20% iron-saturated transferrin solution; a reaction which may take place in vivo. PMID- 3169363 TI - The effect of beta 2-glycoprotein I on the dextran sulfate and sulfatide activation of the contact system (Hageman factor system) in the blood coagulation. AB - 1. beta 2-Glycoprotein I, inhibits the initiation of the contact system in plasma accomplished by dextran sulfate. 2. The dextran sulfate induced activation could be inhibited both when dextran sulfate was preincubated with beta 2-glycoprotein I and when the amount of beta 2-glycoprotein I in plasma was increased. 3. The concentration of beta 2-glycoprotein I at which an inhibitory effect could be registered was dependent upon the concentration of negatively charged groups on the surface. Calculation of the molar ratios between beta 2-glycoprotein I and sulfate residues in dextran sulfate showed that beta 2-glycoprotein I had to be present in excess of a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of the sulfate group in order to inhibit the activation. 4. beta 2-Glycoprotein I does not inhibit the initiation of the contact system in plasma accomplished by sulfatide, unless the sulfatide has been preincubated with beta 2-glycoprotein I. PMID- 3169365 TI - Effect of clofibrate treatment on lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate and subcellular fractions. AB - 1. A study was made of the effect of hypolipidemic drug clofibrate on the level of lipid peroxidation in homogenates and subcellular fractions of rat liver. The intensity of lipid peroxidation was measured using chemiluminescence technique and malondialdehyde formation. 2. It was shown that under the action of clofibrate the levels of Fe/ADP-ascorbate-, as well as t-butyl hydroperoxide (Bu'OOH)-induced lipid peroxidation were decreased in the whole and "post nuclear" liver homogenates. Dilution of the homogenates prevented depressing effect of clofibrate on lipid peroxidation. 3. Clofibrate significantly decreased the level of the Bu'OOH-dependent lipid peroxidation, but did not affect the activity of the Fe/ADP-ascorbate-induced reaction in rat liver mitochondria and microsomes. 4. Peroxidative alteration of membrane lipids in vivo was evaluated by determining the extent of conjugated dienes formation (absorption at 233 nm). It was shown that clofibrate did not increase the level of ultraviolet absorption of lipids from rat liver subcellular fractions. 5. The data obtained indicate that cytosol from the clofibrate treated rat liver contains a factor(s) which prevents lipid peroxidation in the mitochondria and microsomes. PMID- 3169364 TI - Effect of chronic ethanol treatment under partial catalase inhibition on the activity of enzymes related to peroxide metabolism in rat liver and heart. AB - 1. In order to test the hypothesis that the alcoholic cardiomyopathy under partial catalase inhibition is associated with the activation of lipid peroxidation in cardiomyocytes (Panchenko et al., Experientia 43, 580-581, 1987), the effects of ethanol and catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (aminotriazole) on rat heart and liver content of reduced glutathione and on the activity of enzymes related to peroxide metabolism: catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were investigated. 2. In accordance with the data obtained by Kino (J. molec, cell. Cardiol. 13, 5-12, 1981), when ethanol (36% of dietary calories) and aminotriazole were simultaneously administered an alcoholic cardiomyopathy developed while in the liver moderate fatty degeneration was revealed. 3. Chronic combined or separate administration of ethanol and aminotriazole was shown to increase glutathione concentration and glutathione-S-transferase activity in rat liver. In the groups of animals which received isocaloric carbohydrates in the diet instead of ethanol the liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was increased. 4. Acute and chronic aminotriazole injections led to catalase inactivation and in the latter case also to inhibition of the liver superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. 5. Ethanol and aminotriazole treatment did not alter the glutathione level and the activity of all enzymes tested (except catalase) in rat myocardium. PMID- 3169366 TI - Characteristics of iron release from isolated heavy and light endosomes. AB - 1. Endosomes were isolated from K 562 cells after 3 min after the endocytosis of a single cohort of transferrin molecules. 2. The change in 125I/59Fe ratio of heavy and light endosomes, relative to that of the transferrin used and 59Fe from light endosomes. 3. Incubation of heavy and light endosomes with PBS or PIH showed equal ATP specific iron release from both heavy and light endosomes, but in the presence of a NADH/NAD+ redox couple iron release from light endosomes was reduced. 4. Incubation of heavy and light endosomes with PIH and NEM did not completely abolish ATP specific iron release from heavy and light endosomes. PMID- 3169367 TI - Properties of membrane bound ferrochelatase purified from baboon liver mitochondria. AB - 1. Baboon ferrochelatase was purified to apparent homogeneity. 2. The pH optimum was 7.85 and the pI 5.3. 3. The estimated molecular weight was 205 K made up by two 50 + 60 K heterodimers. 4. The Km values for proto- and mesoporphyrin were 18.5 and 10.8 microM with iron as co-substrate. With cobalt as co-substrate the Km values were 34.5 and 10.4 microM, respectively. The mean Km value for iron was 2.2 microM while cobalt acted as a complete inhibitor. 5. Lead played a dual role that of both pseudo substrate and inhibitor. As shown by inhibitor kinetics, Pb acted as a two-step two-site parabolic competitive inhibitor. The mean Ki value at low Pb levels was 0.65 mM and at high levels 0.17 mM. 6. Substrate inhibition occurred above 36 microM for proto- and 44 microM for mesoporphyrin with iron as co-substrate. For iron, with mesoporphyrin as co-substrate it occurred above 29 microM. PMID- 3169368 TI - Purification and properties of cytosolic malic enzyme from human skeletal muscle. AB - 1. An NADP+-dependent malic enzyme was purified 7940-fold from the cytosolic fraction of human skeletal muscle with a final yield of 55.8% and a specific activity of 38.91 units/mg of protein. 2. The purification to homogeneity was achieved by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, affinity chromatography on NADP+-Agarose, gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 and rechromatography on the affinity column. 3. Either Mn2+ or Mg2+ was required for activity: the pH optima with Mn2+ and Mg2+ were 8.1 and 7.5, respectively. The enzyme showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. At pH 7.5 the apparent Km values with Mn2+ and Mg2+ for L-malate and NADP+ were 0.246 mM and 5.8 microM, and 0.304 mM and 5.8 microM, respectively. The Km values with Mn2+ for pyruvate, NADPH and bicarbonate were 8.6 mM, 6.1 microM and 22.2 mM, respectively. 4. The enzyme was also able to decarboxylate malate in the presence of NAD+. At pH 7.5 the reaction rate was approximately 10% of the rate in the presence of NADP+, with a Km value for NAD+ of 13.9 mM. 5. The following physical parameters were established: s0(20.w) = 10.48, Stokes' radius = 5.61 nm, pI = 5.72 Mr of the dissociated enzyme = 61,800. The estimates of the native apparent Mr yielded a value of 313,000 upon gel filtration, and 255,400 with f/fo = 1.33 by combining the chromatographic data with the sedimentation measurements. 6. The electron microscopy analysis of the uranyl acetate-stained enzyme revealed a tetrameric structure. 7. Investigations to detect sugar moieties indicated that the enzyme contains carbohydrate side chains, a property not previously reported for any other malic enzyme. PMID- 3169370 TI - Cyanogen bromide cleavage of bovine secretory component and its tryptic fragments. AB - 1. Five-domain bovine secretory component and its two-domain and three-domain tryptic fragments have been treated with cyanogen bromide. 2. N-terminal sequence analysis of the purified products showed that cleavage occurred within the disulphide bridged polypeptide loop of domain 2. The site lies within the region that binds IgM and IgA dimers. 3. The relative binding of the CNBr fragments to IgM has been measured and indicates that domains 1 and 3 are directly involved. 4. A possible role for domain 2 is less clear and domains 4 and 5 do not participate in binding. PMID- 3169369 TI - Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine derivatives, membrane fluidity and changes in the lipolytic activity of ram spermatozoa plasma membranes during cryoconservation. AB - 1. A decrease of the alkenyl-acyl derivatives and an increase of the diacyl derivatives of PC and PE were observed after cryoconservation. 2. A diminution of membrane-bound phospholipase A2 activity was observed after cryoconservation. The activity of neutral sphingomyelinase remained unchanged. 3. The enrichment of plasma membranes with DPPC as well as the addition of the cryoprotector of Nagase Niwa were observed to protect the membranes from fluidization. PMID- 3169372 TI - Comparison of intravenously administered doxofylline and placebo for the treatment of severe acute airways obstruction. AB - This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study investigated the therapeutic effects of a single dose of doxofylline, a methylxanthine derivative, in 10 patients aged 26-79 years. All patients had acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive airways disease partially reversible with salbutamol inhaler. Doxofylline was administered intravenously at a dose of 200 mg over 15 min on two different occasions separated by at least 24 h. Doxofylline increased forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration compared with baseline as follows: +20% after 2 h (P less than 0.01); +31% after 4 h (P less than 0.01); and +13% after 6 h (NS). Changes produced by placebo at these times were -4.4%, 14% and -5% (all NS). The average differences between the groups were significant at all observation times. At the end of the observation period eight out of 10 patients given doxofylline and one out of 10 patients given placebo had improved clinically according to the patients' own opinion. Clinical tolerability of doxofylline proved to be good since no signs of local or general side-effects were observed in any of the patients treated. PMID- 3169371 TI - Clinical significance of the negative inotropic effect of disopyramide. AB - This study determined the extent of the negative inotropic effect of either 200 mg standard release disopyramide given three times daily or 250 mg sustained release disopyramide given twice daily in 10 patients with normal and 10 with abnormal ventricular function. Assessment, by measurement of ejection fraction using 99mTc radionuclide ventriculography, was made 3 h after the first dose and again after 7 days' treatment, both at rest and after exercise. A similar reduction in ejection fraction occurred at rest and after exercise. Patients with an abnormal left ventricular function showed a greater decrease in ejection fraction compared with patients with normal left ventricular function, both at rest and after exercise. The extent of this reduction appeared to be correlated with the extent of left ventricular dysfunction. In no cases were these decreases statistically or clinically significant. No significant changes in heart volume occurred in any patient and none showed impaired clinical status. Plasma concentrations of disopyramide were also similar for both types of disopyramide in both groups of patients on days 1 and 7. PMID- 3169373 TI - Maternal, umbilical, uterine and amniotic prostaglandin E and F2 alpha levels in labour. AB - This paper confirms the important role played by prostaglandins in the induction of uterine contractions and the initiation of human labour, although the exact mechanism of action in labour remains unclear. Seventeen pregnant women at term were studied. Of these nine were in labour and the remainder underwent elective section. Prostaglandin E and F2 alpha levels were measured in maternal, umbilical and uterine plasma and amniotic fluid by radioimmunoassay. Levels of prostaglandin E were generally higher than prostaglandin F2 alpha but they were significantly lower in maternal and uterine plasma. Levels of prostaglandin F2 alpha were significantly higher in maternal plasma during labour. The highest levels of prostaglandin were found in amniotic fluid. Measurements indicate that the decreasing ratio of prostaglandin E/F2 alpha is more important in the initiation of labour than absolute levels of either prostaglandin. PMID- 3169375 TI - Treatment of small intestine bacterial overgrowth with rifaximin, a non absorbable rifamycin. AB - In twelve patients affected by small bowel bacterial overgrowth, diagnosed by means of the lactulose hydrogen breath test, the therapeutic efficacy of a non absorbable derivative of rifamycin, rifaximin, was evaluated. This study showed that this drug has a satisfactory therapeutic efficacy in contaminated small bowel syndrome and, at the doses tested, is free of side-effects. PMID- 3169374 TI - Effects of the protein-bound polysaccharide preparation, PSK on spontaneous breast cancer in mice. AB - The protein-bound polysaccharide preparation, PSK was tested for its ability to suppress carcinogenesis in spontaneous tumours in C3H/OuJ mice. They were divided into two groups of 40 individuals each. A normal diet was given to one group, establishing a control population, while the other group had 2% PSK added to their feed. Amount of feed consumed, body weight and tumour size were recorded weekly for 1 year. Within 15 weeks, 90% of the control population had developed tumours. In the test group the incidence of cancer and the number of tumours was significantly suppressed, and survival rates were improved. The amount of feed consumed and body weights of control and test groups were about the same. PMID- 3169376 TI - Development of species identification in ducklings: XV. Individual auditory recognition. AB - The present experiments examined the ability of domestic mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos) to learn individual mallard maternal calls by either repetition rate differences or spectral (Hz) differences, both of which are present in such calls recorded in nature. The ducklings could learn both kinds of differences within the first 24 hr after hatching, corresponding to the period prior to the exodus from the nest in nature. The hatchlings were able to learn these differences based upon only 12 min of exposure to the maternal calls during the first day after hatching. They were also able to retain (remember) the familiar call for an additional day after exposure. Embryos, on the other hand, could learn the spectral differences after either 12 or 24 min of exposure but could not retain the information under either exposure condition. An additional difference between the auditory learning competence of hatchlings and embryos was that the hatchlings were capable of learning the spectral features of a maternal call even if it was pulsed at different repetition rates during exposure (familiarization) and the subsequent test for recognition. The evolutionary significance of the results was discussed in terms of the general importance of familiarization as a basic behavioral mechanism underlying not only parental attachment but dietary and habitat preferences and the like. PMID- 3169378 TI - Evidence for a maternal effect on infant hand-use preferences. AB - Left-handed offspring occur more frequently when one or both parents are left handed. Among parental pairs with discordant handedness, left-handed mothers have more left-handed offspring than do left-handed fathers. No previous study has looked for this maternal effect in the hand-use preferences of infants. Handedness of 42 infants (21 females) 6-13 months of age (M = 10 months) was assessed by a reliable and valid procedure that provides hand-use preference scores separately for reaching and unimanual manipulation of objects. Equal numbers of age-matched male and female infants were formed into three groups representing different patterns of parental handedness: neither parent left handed, father left-handed, mother left-handed. Infants of left-handed mothers showed more left hand-use than infants of left-handed fathers or infants of right handed parents. Indeed, 64% of infants with left-handed mothers had significant left hand-use preference scores whereas none of the infants in the other groups had significant left hand-use preference scores. Possible mechanisms for this maternal effect on infant hand-use preferences are discussed. PMID- 3169377 TI - Alarm call responsivity of mallard ducklings: VII. Auditory experience maintains freezing. AB - Mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos) freeze upon hearing the maternal alarm call, which the hen issues when there are disturbances (e.g., potential predators) near the nest. Our previous work indicates that ducklings that have been devocalized embryonically and reared in auditory isolation exhibit a significant reduction in the incidence of freezing, as compared to vocal ducklings or to devocal ducklings that have been exposed to duckling sounds throughout the perinatal period up to the time of testing at 12 hr posthatch. The main purpose of this paper is to assess whether there is a prenatal or postnatal sensitive period for such auditory experience. Two groups of 30 devocalized ducklings were either (a) stimulated with duckling sounds prenatally and tested to the alarm call at 12 hr posthatch (Expt. 1), or (b) stimulated from the time of hatching to the time of testing at 12 hr (Expt. 2). These experiments rendered no conclusive evidence of either a prenatal or postnatal sensitive period, but they suggested that auditory experience might be important in maintaining freezing. To test this hypothesis, a third group of 30 ducklings was stimulated from hatching to 12 hr and tested at 24 hr (Expt. 3). Only those ducklings receiving auditory experience contiguous with the time of testing (Expt. 2) showed high levels of freezing. Whenever a gap occurred between the offset of stimulation and the onset of testing (Expts. 1 and 3), the incidence of freezing dropped. Thus, auditory experience is important in maintaining the freezing response. This effect contrasts markedly with traditional conceptions of sensitive periods. PMID- 3169379 TI - Vocalizations of juvenile cowbirds (Molothrus ater ater) evoke copulatory responses from females. AB - The functional attributes of the vocalizations produced by young male cowbirds during their first fall and winter, termed "vocal precursors," were tested by playing the sounds back to female cowbirds. Five classes of vocalizations were tested: subsong, plastic, formatted, and stereotyped song, and songs of nonconspecifics. Females responded selectively to the four classes of cowbird vocalizations. Stereotyped songs evoked the most responding but the key eliciting element was the inclusion of note clusters, which first occurred in plastic song. The data suggest that juvenile cowbirds possess vocalizations capable of evoking biologically relevant responses from companions early in development. PMID- 3169380 TI - Enhancement of passive avoidance learning through small doses of intra-amygdaloid physostigmine in the young rat. Its relation to the development of acetylcholinesterase. AB - Passive avoidance learning was studied in young rats 7-20 days old, in control conditions and after bilateral injections of physostigmine into the lateral amygdaloid nucleus. Acquisition in controls was possible from postnatal Day 8 on, progressed markedly after Day 11, and nearly reached maturity by Day 20. Physostigmine differentially altered acquisition depending on the dose: facilitation with low doses, no effect with moderate doses, and impairment with high doses. Enhanced learning through small doses of physostigmine was observed at all ages from Day 8 on, and was greater with 0.2 microgram than with 0.1 microgram. Maturation of the cholinergic innervation of the amygdaloid region was also studied between Days 9-20 using acetylcholine-esterase histochemistry. The results suggest that passive avoidance learning is dependent on amygdaloid cholinergic mechanisms early in life. In addition, very immature cholinergic systems, which are known to be uninfluenced by anticholinergic agents, react to anticholinesterases. PMID- 3169381 TI - Neonatal sex-steroid hormones and cognitive abilities at six years. AB - Five sex-steroid hormones (testosterone, androstenedione, estradiol, estrone, and progesterone) were assayed in umbilical cord blood. Cognitive abilities were assessed as a part of a 6-year follow-up laboratory visit. Four subtests were given: reading, numbers, listening, and spatial ability. There were no significant differences between boys and girls in cognitive ability scores. Higher levels of perinatal androgens (testosterone and androstenedione) were significantly associated with low age-6 spatial ability in girls. Multiple regression analyses revealed a significant proportion of the variance in cognitive abilities in girls could be accounted for by testosterone and androstenedione. No significant predictions were found for boys. The finding of a stable inverse association between sex and effect of hormones on abilities is discussed. PMID- 3169382 TI - Experience with younger siblings facilitates maternal responsiveness in pubertal Norway rats. AB - The latency of maternal behavior (MB) onset induced by cohabitation with pups (sensitization) increases in female and male Long-Evans rats from 24 days of age (1-2 day latency) to 42 days of age (4-5 day latency). This decline in maternal responsiveness at Day 42 did not occur in 50% of rats ("responders") which lived with their dam and younger siblings (conceived during the postpartum estrus) for either 4 or 11-18 days after their birth. In contrast to cessation of suckling at about Day 25 postpartum in the absence of a 2nd litter, when a 2nd litter was born greater than Day 26 or less than Day 26 postpartum, suckling continued for a mean of 32 and 35.5 days, respectively (and up to Day 40). Also, time spent suckling during the 10 days following the birth of the 2nd litter was more than five times as great if the 2nd litter was born with little or no delay (less than Day 26). The offspring from the 1st litter spent about 80% of the diurnal observation time in proximity to the dam and younger siblings, and instances of nurturance (retrieving, crouching, licking) toward the young littermates were observed. However, the only dam-litter interaction significantly related to subsequent maternal responsiveness by 1st litter offspring was a positive relation between the prior incidence of aggression by mothers towards juveniles and sensitization latency. PMID- 3169384 TI - "Epilepsy"--a new disease? PMID- 3169385 TI - Behaviour of the alpha rhythm in electroencephalograms of visually impaired children. AB - One hundred and thirty-eight electroencephalograms (EEGs) of 104 children with ocular visual loss were studied and the findings correlated with clinical information. Records of blind children without other neurological deficits did not contain posterior slowing or occipital spikes. The frequency, reactivity and regulation of alpha rhythm were affected only when vision was at the level of finger-counting. Therefore the EEGs of the majority of 'normal' visually impaired children showed normal alpha behaviour. Although most totally blind children's records lacked alpha, five had spontaneously appearing and disappearing alpha rhythm. The EEG is a valuable tool in the evaluation of visually impaired children, provided the findings are interpreted appropriately. The earlier theory that visual deprivation can cause electrical abnormalities over the visual cortex was not supported by these data. PMID- 3169383 TI - Behavioral and neural correlates of postnatal olfactory conditioning: II. Respiration during conditioning. PMID- 3169386 TI - Outcome of infants shunted for post-haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation. AB - Between April 1980 and March 1986, 19 infants underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting procedures for post-haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation at the Hammersmith Hospital, London. A total of 58 shunt-related procedures have been performed on these children. The major perioperative complication was seizure activity (eight children). Postoperative complications included infection (12 shunts) and blockage (29 shunts). Prophylactic antibiotics failed to prevent shunt infection. The likelihood of the first shunt failing was significantly reduced by greater weight of the infant and lower CSF protein at surgery. Long term outcome was poor: three have died and another four are quadriplegic with severe mental retardation. Only four children are developmentally normal. These outcomes cannot be related to the shunt surgery or its complications, but correlate best with pre-operative parenchymal brain-lesions, as shown on ultrasound scans. PMID- 3169387 TI - Precision of ultrasound diagnosis of pathologically verified lesions in the brains of very preterm infants. AB - Abnormalities detected by a mechanical sector scanner were compared 'blind' with autopsy findings in the brains of 56 infants born at less than 33 weeks gestation. Intraventricular haemorrhage was found in 53 of 112 hemispheres and had been accurately diagnosed by ultrasound (sensitivity 91 per cent; specificity 81 per cent). Isolated germinal layer haemorrhage was less successfully identified (sensitivity 61 per cent; specificity 78 per cent); false-positive diagnoses were partly due to difficulty in distinguishing haemorrhage from the normal choroid plexus in extremely preterm infants. Haemorrhagic parenchymal lesions were correctly identified in nine infants (sensitivity 82 per cent; specificity 97 per cent). Only 11 of 39 hemispheres with histological evidence of hypoxic-ischaemic injury, without marked bleeding, were correctly identified by ultrasound (sensitivity 28 per cent), mainly because of failure to detect small areas of periventricular leucomalacia and diffuse gliosis. 10 hemispheres with periventricular echodensities thought to represent leucomalacia showed no histological evidence of hypoxic-ischaemic injury (specificity 86 per cent). Ventricular dilatation in seven infants was always associated with evidence of hypoxic-ischaemic injury at autopsy. PMID- 3169388 TI - Perinatal risk factors and minor neurological dysfunction: significance for behaviour and school achievement at nine years. AB - A prospective study was carried out on 133 neurologically deviant infants, 205 with mild abnormalities and 230 normal newborns to compare behavioural and cognitive development with neonatal and nine-year-old neurological condition. Overtly handicapped children were excluded. Major determinants of school failure were the severity of minor neurological dysfunction (MND) and social class. Main risk factors for distractable and clumsy behaviour were MND classification and male sex; for troublesome behaviour male sex and interval complications after two years of age; and for timid behaviour, family adversity. Definite neonatal neurological deviancy contributed both directly and by its association with MND to problems in behaviour and scholastic abilities. Mild neonatal neurological abnormalities and adverse obstetrical events contributed only indirectly to behavioural and learning problems. Preterm birth (less than 34 weeks) was the sole obstetric variable directly related to some of the outcome variables. The difference between home and school perception of the children's behaviour is emphasized. PMID- 3169389 TI - In utero exposure to organic solvents and human neurodevelopment. AB - Recent reports of growth and mental retardation in infants whose mothers abused solvent-containing substances, and of an association between central nervous system malformations and solvent exposure, have suggested that in utero exposure to organic solvents may have a profound effect on the development of the human brain. The present investigation compared the neurobehavioral development of 41 children whose mothers worked with organic solvents during pregnancy with a group of matched, unexposed children. The children were compared on a variety of measures, including the McCarthy Scales of General Abilities, growth (weight, height and head circumference) and mother's report of developmental milestones, behavior and personality. Potential confounders were controlled for in multiple regression analyses. Despite adequate power, no differences could be found between the two groups on any of the measures of neurobehavioral development or growth. This study suggests that in utero exposure to relatively low levels of organic solvent is not associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. PMID- 3169391 TI - Intracranial spaces in childhood macrocephaly: comparison of length measurements and volume calculations. AB - CT scanning was done to calculate the volume of intracranial spaces in children with the purpose of developing a reliable method of differentiating the various causes of macrocephaly. The technique has been applied to the CT scans of 60 apparently normal children, and the resulting graphs show the normal relationship between intracranial volumes and age from birth to 15 years. The measurements for 25 children with macrocephaly and normal rate of growth of head circumference were then compared with the reference values. It was possible to make accurate differentiations between megalencephaly, extraventricular hydrocephalus and communicating hydrocephalus. The advantage of this technique in relation to length measurements on CT scans is discussed. The authors advocate the estimation of the product of head circumference and head height as a much more reliable indication of normal and deviant head-size than head circumference alone. PMID- 3169390 TI - Efficacy of soft splints in reducing severe knee-flexion contractures. AB - This study evaluated the effectiveness of soft splints made from polyurethane foam in reducing severe knee-flexion contractures of patients with cerebral palsy. The splints were applied nightly over a period of 10 months. Knee-flexion contractures were reduced by an average of 24 degrees in all patients. Younger patients generally presented with less severe initial contractures and had the greatest percentage of improvement. When used on a single limb when bilateral contractures were present, sympathetic reduction of the contracture occurred to varying degrees in the unsplinted limb. It is recommended that the splints be replaced regularly to maximize their effectiveness. The benefit-to-cost ratio is extremely high and their low cost makes soft splints feasible for use in developing countries and by low-income families. PMID- 3169392 TI - Postnatal development of the cutaneous flexor reflex: comparative study of preterm infants and newborn rat pups. AB - Cutaneous flexor reflex thresholds have been used as a measure of somatosensory function: the authors measured threshold in preterm infants and newborn rat pups. Preterm infants of less than 30 weeks postconceptional age (PCA) had very low thresholds of less than 1.0 g, but by 37.5+ weeks PCA thresholds were equivalent to those in normal term babies, although these are still well below adult levels. Newborn rat pups also have very low flexor reflex thresholds, which do not approach adult levels until four postnatal weeks. Repeated stimulation of the foot in preterm babies resulted in sensitization of the flexion reflex up to about 32 weeks PCA. After that age repeated stimulation resulted in habituation, as is observed in the adult. Sensitization also occurred in newborn rat pups, which changed at four postnatal weeks to habituation. The results demonstrate the sensitivity of spinal reflexes to cutaneous inputs in the neonate and it is argued that this results from lack of inhibitory control in the immature spinal cord. PMID- 3169393 TI - Monozygotic twins concordant for autism and hyperlexia. AB - The authors describe male monozygotic twins, Jon and Jay, who are concordant for autism and hyperlexia. Autism and mental retardation were diagnosed at the age of 2 years 5 months. Jay was the more advanced twin in motor co-ordination, attention span and receptive abilities, but had frequent tantrums. When psychologically assessed at 7 years 2 months, Jon showed borderline/severe mental retardation on the measure of non-verbal intelligence and Jay was moderately retarded. Their receptive language age was greater than their expressive language age: Jon's speech was less mature but more communicative and Jay's was perseverative and ritualistic. Even though Jon was the more mentally retarded twin, Jay was the more autistic in some behavioral aspects. These twins highlight the relationship between autism and hyperlexia. PMID- 3169394 TI - Molybdenum co-factor deficiency: an easily missed inborn error of metabolism. AB - A female patient is described with combined deficiency of sulphite, zanthine and aldehyde oxidase. She presented at the age of four weeks with intractable seizures. Initially the diagnosis was suspected because of a very low serum urate level (23 mumol/1-1). This condition can be easily missed and it is proposed that measurement of serum urate be included in the metabolic assessment of neonates with unexplained seizures and developmental delay. PMID- 3169395 TI - Cerebral palsy in low-birthweight infants. PMID- 3169396 TI - Color imaging of the human middle latency response. AB - Color imaging brain mapping techniques were applied to the middle latency response in 40 normal-hearing, neurologically intact adults. Stimuli included 9/sec and 41/sec clicks and 500 and 2000 Hz tone bursts. Wave Na had no specific focus of activity while wave Pa was largest in amplitude over the vertex and frontal lobes. Variables such as the baseline from which amplitude measures are made (prestimulus versus preceding wave) and reference electrode (ipsilateral mastoid versus C7) were assessed. The preceding trough (Na) yielded a more precise measure of Pa amplitude than the prestimulus baseline. The reference electrode location did not influence the topography of wave Pa, although response amplitudes were significantly larger with the noncephalic reference. Two averaging strategies were assessed: (1) averaging the entire pre- and poststimulus epoch point for point across individuals and (2) averaging the voltage of Pa at the latency of Pa for each individual. The z statistic was evaluated as a means for identifying clinically encountered abnormalities. The use of this measure was found to be problematic because such an analysis assumes normally distributed data while Pa amplitude approximates a gamma distribution. The z statistic may be more appropriate for the analysis of interhemispheric differences, which have a normal distribution with a mean close to zero. Responses obtained to 500 Hz stimuli tended to be larger than 2000 Hz-elicited responses. Of interest clinically, is that Pa amplitude was largest at electrode location Fz. The scalp topography and subsequent conclusions regarding 9 versus 41/sec responses differed depending on the data analysis strategy used, emphasizing the importance of these strategies. Future directions for this technology were discussed. PMID- 3169397 TI - Interactions of age, gender, and sensorineural hearing loss on ABR latency. AB - The interactive effects of gender, age, and degree of sensorineural hearing loss on the absolute latency of wave V of the auditory brain stem response were analyzed in 325 subjects with cochlear loss. Norms based on these data were then applied to an analysis of the wave V latencies of 87 subjects with retrocochlear loss. Results in the cochlear group revealed interactions between gender and age and between gender and degree of hearing loss. The interactive effect between gender and degree of loss was observed for wave V, but not for waves III or I. Separate gender norms for absolute wave V latency, based on empirical boundaries encompassing 99% of the cochlear group, resulted in a 90% correct identification rate in the 87 subjects with retrocochlear lesion. PMID- 3169398 TI - Techniques to determine test protocol performance. AB - This paper considers the problem of determining the performance of test protocols, i.e., combinations of diagnostic tests. Two techniques are developed which provide quantitative measures of performance. First, protocol performance can be calculated from clinical data. This technique is simple and straightforward. The primary limitation is that the necessary clinical data may not be available. A second technique is developed to predict protocol performance based on (1) protocol design, (2) individual test performance, and (3) test correlation. This second technique is applied to two types of audiological protocols: those to determine retrocochlear site-of-lesion, and those to identify hearing loss in newborns. Both techniques provide information essential to the design and selection of test protocols. The ability to predict performance is extremely important because clinical studies to evaluate protocols can take years to complete, or may be impractical. PMID- 3169399 TI - Effects of external stimuli on spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. AB - The behavior of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) is affected by external stimuli. A series of experiments was conducted with 25 normal-hearing subjects to explore multiple and bilateral SOAEs, frequency and amplitude drift of SOAEs, suppression functions and existence regions for distortion products generated by the interaction of SOAEs and external tones. PMID- 3169400 TI - Use of the Connected Speech Test (CST) with hearing-impaired listeners. AB - Two studies were performed in which hearing-impaired subjects responded to the Connected Speech Test (CST). In experiment 1, 40 subjects, divided into four groups according to extent and configuration of hearing loss, responded to the CST version 1 (CSTv1). This version of the test consisted of 57 passages of connected speech: 48 test passages and 9 practice passages. It was developed on the basis of data for normal-hearing listeners. Performance of hearing-impaired listeners for the CSTv1 revealed that, although the passages were equal in average intelligibility for normal hearers, they were not equally intelligible for hearing-impaired persons. Based on results of data analyses, the 57 passages were reconstituted into 28 pairs of passages: 24 test pairs and 4 practice pairs. The pairs were equal in average intelligibility for both normal and hearing impaired listeners. This form of the test was named the CST version 2 (CSTv2). In experiment 2, an additional 23 hearing-impaired subjects responded to the CSTv2. Critical differences and the slope of the signal to babble ratio (SBR) function were determined for the CSTv2 for hearing-impaired listeners. When two CSTv2 pairs were used per score, the 95% critical difference for hearing-impaired subjects was about 15.5 rationalized arcsine units (rau). The mean SBR function slope for hearing-impaired listeners was 8.5 rau/dB. Comparing the critical difference with the SBR function slope, it may be seen that, for hearing-impaired listeners, differences in intelligibility equivalent to a 2 dB change in SBR can be detected with CST scores based on mean performance across two passage pairs. PMID- 3169401 TI - Diagnostic performance of the hearing handicap inventory for the elderly (screening version) against differing definitions of hearing loss. AB - The diagnostic performance of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly- Screening Version (HHIE-S) was evaluated against five definitions of hearing loss in 178 elderly subjects screened in primary care. Hearing loss was assessed by pure-tone audiometry. Using a score of greater than 8 as a cut point, the HHIE-S had sensitivities ranging from 53 to 72% and specificities ranging from 70 to 84% with the different definitions. The HHIE-S receiver-operating characteristics and likelihood ratios were similar regardless of hearing loss definition used. The HHIE-S is a valid, robust test for identifying hearing-impaired elderly, irrespective of the audiometric definition used to finally diagnose hearing difficulties. PMID- 3169403 TI - [Reorganization of the intermodal relationships of physiological functions during pregnancy]. PMID- 3169402 TI - [Changes in the blood circulatory system after a 2% water load]. PMID- 3169404 TI - [Effect of acute hypoxic hypoxia on the immune system, hemostasis and acid-base state of the blood]. PMID- 3169405 TI - [Characteristics of fluorine metabolism during adaptation of the body to cooling]. PMID- 3169406 TI - [Physiological characteristics of muscle contractile activity in long-distance runners and sprinters]. PMID- 3169407 TI - [Physiological aspects of the regulation of breaks during shifts as a means of optimizing work intensity]. PMID- 3169408 TI - [Motor activity of young children in a preschool institution]. PMID- 3169409 TI - [Functional characteristics of the cardiovascular system in youths at puberty with increased body weight in relation to elevated fatness]. PMID- 3169410 TI - [Individual variability of the osmolarity of the blood and the excretory function of the kidney]. PMID- 3169411 TI - [Changes in the thrombocyte count under a muscle load]. PMID- 3169413 TI - [Structural analysis of parameters of neurophysiological processes]. PMID- 3169412 TI - [Dynamics of the excitability of the cardiovascular centers in changes in disturbances of the geomagnetic field]. PMID- 3169414 TI - [Effect of stretching tension on the biomechanical properties of the muscles, their blood supply and the growth of the leg]. PMID- 3169415 TI - [Innervation of the human hand (based on data from clinical observation]. PMID- 3169416 TI - [Recovery of visual function in retinal pigment degeneration as affected by regulatory peptides]. PMID- 3169417 TI - [Eye movements during stuttering while reading aloud]. PMID- 3169418 TI - [Evoked potentials to spatially structured stimuli in early ontogeny]. PMID- 3169419 TI - [Individual typological characteristics of the reflection of the intensity of an acoustic stimulus in the averaged evoked potentials of the brain in healthy subjects]. PMID- 3169420 TI - [Function of the gastroduodenal zone during electric stimulation of the afferent innervation area of the vagus nerve in the concha auriculae]. PMID- 3169421 TI - [Establishment of parameters and evaluation of errors in digital spectral analysis of the EEG]. PMID- 3169424 TI - [Autonomic reactions in the mnemonic activity of subjects at various levels of functional mobility of neural processes]. PMID- 3169423 TI - [Rhythm-dependent changes in the mechanical activity of the heart]. PMID- 3169422 TI - [Criteria of the stationarity of spectral EEG evaluations]. PMID- 3169425 TI - [Dynamic EEG asymmetry during verbal-logical activities with stimuli of different modalities]. PMID- 3169426 TI - [Neuronal organization of the stages in decision making. I. A case of decision making evoked by a single information stimulus]. PMID- 3169427 TI - [The process of distinguishing the pitch of sounds and auditory evoked potentials]. PMID- 3169428 TI - [Characteristics of the functional asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres in stuttering]. PMID- 3169429 TI - [Simulation model of the automatic aspects of human writing]. PMID- 3169430 TI - [Characteristics of the echocardiogram and hemodynamics of children with heart conduction disorders]. PMID- 3169431 TI - [The probability of disorders in the control system as a criterion of stress in an operator's activities]. PMID- 3169432 TI - [Local heat removal as a means of maintaining the level of wakefulness of a human operator during monotonous activity]. PMID- 3169433 TI - [Characteristics of sweating during work-related hyperthermia]. PMID- 3169434 TI - [Possibilities of enhancing human resistance to acute hypoxia after alpine adaptation and rapid high-altitude training]. PMID- 3169435 TI - [Distribution patterns of regional pulmonary ventilation in virtually healthy subjects from the viewpoint of age]. PMID- 3169438 TI - [Interrelation of the expression of lymphocyte Fc receptors modified by prostaglandins and isoproterenol with the level of lipid metabolism]. PMID- 3169436 TI - [Regional characteristics of pulmonary ventilation and the hemodynamics of the lesser circulation during uncomplicated pregnancy]. PMID- 3169437 TI - [Changes in the indices of gas exchange, pulmonary ventilation and hemodynamics as affected by the physiopsychoprophylactic preparation of pregnant women for labor]. PMID- 3169439 TI - [Standards of anaerobic work capacity for female students]. PMID- 3169440 TI - [Effect of physical factors on the alteration of the intensity level of the human voice (singers)]. PMID- 3169441 TI - [Characteristics of the arrhythmogenic effect of atropine]. PMID- 3169442 TI - [Dynamics of the differential analyzer thresholds during activity]. PMID- 3169443 TI - [Effect of stimulation conditions on the threshold characteristics of electrodermal sensitivity]. PMID- 3169445 TI - [Functional reserves of the brain in adolescents during muscle activity]. PMID- 3169444 TI - [Peripheral blood circulation in healthy young and middle-aged subjects]. PMID- 3169446 TI - [Irritable bowel syndrome]. PMID- 3169447 TI - [Evaluation of the nutritional status in relation to age at dialysis]. PMID- 3169448 TI - [Patients with hypertension and arteriopathies: plethysmographic differences]. PMID- 3169449 TI - [Pseudogout and primary hyperparathyroidism: description of 2 cases after parathyroidectomy]. PMID- 3169450 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics of intravenous administration]. PMID- 3169451 TI - [Clinical case. Exertion-induced rhabdomyolysis with secondary acute renal insufficiency]. PMID- 3169452 TI - [IS units in medicine]. PMID- 3169453 TI - [Defibrotide]. PMID- 3169454 TI - [Eating behavior in obesity]. PMID- 3169455 TI - [Plummer-Vinson syndrome: etiopathogenetic considerations and description of a case]. PMID- 3169456 TI - [The role of the dynamic electrocardiogram in rhythm disorders]. PMID- 3169457 TI - [Clinical case. Severe hyponatremia associated with inappropriate ADH syndrome]. PMID- 3169458 TI - [Catecholamines: adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine]. PMID- 3169459 TI - [Therapy of arterial hypertension in diabetes]. PMID- 3169460 TI - [Influence of meteorological factors on the morbidity of acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3169461 TI - [Stroke in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients: study of an anatomo-pathological case series]. PMID- 3169462 TI - [Zinc and alcoholic liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 3169463 TI - [Gaucher's disease: description of a clinical case and review of the literature]. PMID- 3169464 TI - [A case of typhoid with the clinical appearance of acute ischemic myocardiopathy]. PMID- 3169465 TI - [A clinical case. Sickle cell crisis in drepanocytic anemia]. PMID- 3169466 TI - FASEB advocates more influential presidential science adviser. PMID- 3169468 TI - [Normally functioning mitral prosthesis: visualization and characterization of the trans-valvular flow using color-coded Doppler]. AB - Color flow imaging (CFI) allows real time visualization of intracardiac and transvalvular blood flow, superimposed on two-dimensional echocardiographic images. Therefore it can be useful in the identification and characterization of spatial configuration of jets through valve prosthesis. The aim of this study was to define the transvalvular flow pattern of jet in 54 patients (pts) with mitral valve prosthesis which were functioning well. Thirty-six of these pts were females and 18 males; their ages ranged from 40 to 73 years, mean age: 58. Prosthetic mitral inflow was evaluated utilizing the parasternal long axis, apical long axis and apical 4 chamber views; in addition ("off axis") intermediate sections were used when needed. Adequate CFI for detailed frame by frame analysis was obtained in 50 pts (92%). Fourteen pts had biological prosthesis (9 Hancock, 4 Carpentier-Edwards, 1 Ionescu-Shiley). Thirty-six pts had mechanical prosthesis: 13 Bjork-Shiley, 8 Starr-Edwards, 9 Sorin, 5 Lillehey Kaster, 1 Smeloff-Cutter. Variable jet configurations were identified, which were related to the type of prosthetic valve. Bioprosthetic valve characteristically had a wide, homogeneous transvalvular flow, directed towards the interventricular septum. Bjork-Shiley prosthesis presented typically a jet with two components. Trans-prosthetic flow was dependent on the spatial position of the prosthesis and on the orientation of the tilting disc. Thus, the main jet, coming from the major orifice, could be directed towards the apex, flowing parallel to the left ventricular postero-lateral wall while the jet coming from the minor orifice was thin and directed towards the interventricular septum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3169467 TI - Increased oxygen radical-dependent inactivation of metabolic enzymes by liver microsomes after chronic ethanol consumption. AB - Enzymatic and nonenzymatic mixed-function oxidase systems have been shown to generate an oxidant that catalyzes the inactivation of glutamine synthetase and other metabolic enzymes. Recent studies have shown that microsomes isolated from rats chronically fed ethanol generate reactive oxygen intermediates at elevated rates compared with controls. Microsomes from rats fed ethanol were found to be more effective than control microsomes in catalyzing the inactivation of enzymes added to the incubation system. The enzymes studied were alcohol dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase. The inactivation process by both types of microsomal preparations was sensitive to catalase and glutathione plus glutathione peroxidase, but was not affected by superoxide dismutase or hydroxyl radical scavengers. Iron was required for the inactivation of the added enzymes; microsomes from the rats fed ethanol remained more effective than control microsomes in catalyzing the inactivation of enzymes in the absence or presence of several ferric complexes. The inactivation of enzymes was enhanced by the addition of menadione or paraquat to the microsomes, and rates of inactivation were higher with the microsomes from the ethanol-fed rats. The enhanced generation of reactive oxygen intermediates and increased inactivation of enzymes by microsomes may contribute toward the hepatotoxic effects associated with ethanol consumption. PMID- 3169469 TI - [Doppler evaluation of the Sorin and Medtronic-Hall prostheses in the aortic position]. AB - Doppler characteristics of normally functioning tilting disk prostheses in aortic position were studied in 55 patients (30 Medtronic-Hall and 25 Sorin) whose valvular function was considered normal using clinical and echocardiographic evaluation. Peak gradients, mean gradients and effective orifice area were estimated for different sizes of prostheses. The peak gradient calculated from maximal aortic velocity was 27.3 +/- 11.1 mmHg in Sorin and 21.1 +/- 9.7 mmHg in Medtronic-Hall valves; the mean gradients were 12.9 +/- 6.2 mmHg and 10.8 +/- 5.7 mmHg in Sorin and Medtronic-Hall valves respectively. The effective orifice area calculated by the continuity equation was 1.4 +/- 0.5 cm2 in Sorin and 1.5 +/- 0.57 cm2 in Medtronic-Hall prostheses; the performance index calculated as the ratio between functional area and manufactured area was 0.4-0.6 for Medtronic Hall and 0.45-0.52 for Sorin prostheses. Prosthetic regurgitation was found in 64% of Sorin valves and 80% of Medtronic-Hall valves; prosthetic regurgitation was mild in 81% and moderate in 19% of cases. Doppler echocardiography is a reliable method for the characterization of the normal function of prosthetic aortic valves and provides information similar to cardiac catheterization. PMID- 3169471 TI - [First seconds after acute experimental ischemic: changes in isovolumic contraction and relaxation]. AB - The purpose of this study was to answer the following questions: 1) are isovolumic contraction and relaxation affected in a different way by LAD occlusion? 2) Does proximal and distal LAD coronary occlusion induce different changes in isovolumic contraction and relaxation? In 22 pigs, LAD coronary artery was dissected free right after the first or third diagonal branch and occluded by ligation. The following variables were evaluated: left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressure; peak - and + dP/dt, mean arterial and pulmonary pressure. All our data were obtained in the first minute following the occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3169470 TI - [Normal echo-Doppler values in Duromedics valvular prostheses]. AB - To determine the value of Doppler echocardiography in the normal clinical use of functional diagnosis, and to define normal values of prosthetic mitral and aortic valves, of different sizes and in different positions, 48 patients (53 Duromedics prosthesis) were examined. Two groups were formed: the first group (12 patients) was studied soon after operation, i.e. less than 3 weeks; the second group (36 patients) was examined at a later stage i.e. 2-60 months later. This group did not present any associated valvular disease (i.e. there was no aortic disease in patients with mitral prostheses nor mitral disease in patients with aortic prostheses). In the first group the following results were found: DP max = 12.70 +/- 4 mmHg, DP mean = 4.0 +/- 3 mmHg, Half Time Pressure (T 1/2) = 79.57 +/- 17 ms in mitral prostheses; DP max = 25 +/- 10.9 mmHg, DP mean = 6.8 +/- 4 mmHg in aortic prostheses. In the second group the findings were as follows: mitral prostheses: DP max = 9.28 +/- 3.32 mmHg, DP mean = 3.0 +/- 1.0 mmHg, T 1/2 = 80 +/- 17.96 ms; aortic prostheses: DP max = 19.0 +/- 9.59 mmHg, DP mean = 6.0 +/- 3 mmHg. A trend towards higher DP values was noted in the first group of mitral prostheses (p = 0.05 only for DP max; for DP mean no statistic significance). No differences were noted either between the first and second group as regards aortic prostheses. For prosthetic mitral valves permissible upper limits of DP max, DP mean and T 1/2 in the first and second groups were respectively: 16.70 mmHg, 7.0 mmHg, 96.57 ms; and 12.26 mmHg, 4.0 mmHg, 105.96 ms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3169472 TI - [Protocol for rehabilitation of the infarction patient in the cardiac intensive care unit and in the post-intensive ward]. PMID- 3169473 TI - [Double mitral valve orifice associated with complete atrioventricular canal. Description of 2 cases]. AB - The Authors describe two cases of double mitral valve orifice associated with complete atrioventricular canal. The first patient, 10 month-old male, affected by type A complete atrioventricular canal, underwent surgical repair which was performed in association with division of the tissue bridge between the two orifices. The patient died the day after because of severe mitral insufficiency and pulmonary oedema. The second patient, 3.5 year-old female, affected by type A complete atrioventricular canal with pulmonary banding, underwent a surgical procedure without division of the tissue bridge. In the postoperative period a suture dehiscence occurred which caused severe mitral regurgitation, and another intervention had to be performed; subsequently the patient did well and was discharged in good condition. The Authors discuss the possible role of two dimensional and Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of this uncommon condition; they also discuss the related surgical problems and stress the necessity to repair with a proper compromise between residual mitral insufficiency and a mitral stenosis. PMID- 3169474 TI - [Tricuspid endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus in AIDS. Discussion of a case]. AB - Right-sided staphylococcal endocarditis has been described in drug-addict, but not in association with an Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. A case of a 26 years old drug-addict woman with AIDS related complex is reported. Antibiotic therapy, produced a favourable evolution on the illness. This case support the usefulness of two-dimensional echocardiography for detecting one of the possible complications associated with AIDS. PMID- 3169476 TI - Nurses in Georgia oppose RCT proposal. PMID- 3169475 TI - [Aneurysms of the left sinus of Valsalva]. AB - The acquired aneurysm of the left aortic sinus is a rare lesion. We observed two cases: the former ruptured in the left ventricle, the latter in the right ventricle. Both cases were identified by echocardiographic examination. The diagnosis was confirmed by the cardiac catheterization and aortography and then at cardiac surgery. In the latter case the diagnosis of rupture was done using Doppler technique. Our experience indicates that, at least in selected cases, the diagnosis of aneurysm of Valsalva sinus and that of rupture are possible by means of two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. PMID- 3169477 TI - Exogastric neurilemmoma presenting as acute abdomen: role of computed tomography in diagnosis. AB - A case of subserosal gastric neurilemmoma is hereby presented. This reported case is unique in its clinical presentation including the appearance of acute abdomen and fever subsequent to unremarkable and uneventful upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The tendency of neurilemmoma to cause mucosal ulceration with fistula formation probably led to this clinical presentation. The role of computed tomography in establishing diagnosis of exogastric tumor is emphasized. PMID- 3169478 TI - Subdiaphragmatic bronchogenic cyst with gastric communication. AB - Upper gastrointestinal series and computed tomography of the abdomen in an elderly women demonstrated a large multiloculated mass in the left subphrenic space that communicated with the fundus. The resected specimen showed histopathological features of bronchopulmonary foregut malformation. PMID- 3169479 TI - Radiologic diagnosis of jejunal diverticulitis. AB - A patient with jejunal diverticulitis diagnosed on a barium small bowel examination is presented. Criteria for diagnosis of colonic peridiverticular inflammation were applied to the small bowel, and were correlated with computed tomographic and radionuclide scans, which showed evidence of abscess formation in the jejunal mesentery. PMID- 3169481 TI - Patterns of calcifications and cholangiographic findings in hepatobiliary tuberculosis. AB - The radiologic findings on conventional examinations (plain films and cholangiograms) in a large group of patients with proven hepatobiliary tuberculosis are reviewed. The plain film findings of large "chalky" and confluent hepatic calcifications or nodal-type calcifications along the course of the common bile duct are suggestive of hepatobiliary tuberculosis. Small, discrete, scattered calcifications may be mimicked by histoplasmosis but can be differentiated from hepatobiliary tuberculosis. Obstructing defects seen on cholangiography are indicative of tuberculosis when adjacent calcifications are present. The patterns of liver calcifications could provide a clue to the diagnosis of hepatobiliary tuberculosis and its differentiation from liver calcifications of various other etiologies. PMID- 3169480 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticographic features of pancreaticobiliary ascariasis. AB - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticographic features of ascariasis involving the biliary system (56) and pancreatic duct (4) in 60 consecutive patients have been analyzed and their various radiologic appearances described. Ascaris not only presents as a smooth linear filling defect, as commonly described in the literature, but also in a variety of other shapes like parallel smooth filling defects, curves, and loops crossing the hepatic ducts transversely. They can also cause dilatation of the ducts that, depending upon their number and duration of stay, is statistically significant and reversible. Ascaris can also invade the pancreatic duct causing chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 3169482 TI - Incidence of cholelithiasis among patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. AB - One hundred and two patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension were evaluated sonographically to determine the presence or absence of cholelithiasis. The gallbladder was visualized in 80 of 102 patients. Cholelithiasis was present in 43 of 80 cases (54%). All 22 patients in whom the gallbladder was not seen sonographically had had a previous cholecystectomy. Five of them were operated on prior to development of cirrhosis with portal hypertension, but 14 of the remaining 17 (82%) had evidence of cholelithiasis at pathology. Hence, there was an overall incidence of cholelithiasis of 59% among out 97 patients. This study as well as previous autopsy data indicate an increased incidence of cholelithiasis in patients with cirrhosis, irrespective of etiology or sex. The incidence of cholelithiasis in this study, however, was approximately twice that previously reported in cirrhotics at autopsy. Furthermore, patients with portosystemic shunts showed a significantly higher incidence of cholelithiasis compared to patients who were not shunted (68% vs 49%, p = 0.028). We believe the severity and duration of cirrhosis in our patient population, all with documented portal hypertension, may be the cause of this increased incidence. PMID- 3169483 TI - Extensive portal-hepatic venous shunts accompanied by arterio-portal shunts. AB - Extensive intrahepatic portal-hepatic venous shunts are extremely rare, and to our knowledge, this condition accompanied by an arterio-portal shunt has never before been reported. We have recently encountered such a case with marked intrahepatic portal-hepatic venous shunts and intrapancreatic arterio-portal shunts. Our angiographic and computed tomographic (CT) findings of these complications are described in this report. PMID- 3169484 TI - Hepatic inversion with an epigastric gallbladder. AB - Inversion of the liver and anomalous positions of the gallbladder are both rare. We report a patient with an anterior suprahepatic midline gallbladder associated with hepatic inversion. This association of these two rare anomalies has not, to our knowledge, been previously reported. PMID- 3169485 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Two patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and infectious esophagitis developed squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The clinical, radiographic, and endoscopic presentations in both cases were atypical. One patient developed a focal flat lesion that imitated segmental esophagitis, and the other patient developed a superficially spreading carcinoma that mimicked diffuse esophagitis. In the setting of AIDS, a changing radiographic or endoscopic mucosal pattern requires biopsy to exclude the possibility of a superimposed squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 3169486 TI - Barium study of small bowel endometriosis. AB - Small bowel involvement by endometriosis is uncommon and can present as an acute, chronic, or intermittent obstruction. Enteroclysis identifies the site and extent of involvement in patients known to have endometriosis. PMID- 3169488 TI - Intracellular pH in isolated Necturus antral mucosa in simulated ulcerogenic conditions. AB - Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured with proton-sensitive liquid sensor microelectrodes in isolated Necturus antral mucosa, paying special attention to arranging experimental conditions to simulate conditions frequently associated with in vivo "stress ulceration." Intracellular pH in mucosas perfused under standard conditions (Ringer's solution containing HCO3-/CO2) was 7.22 + 0.02 (n = 27). Removal of Na+ and HCO3- or addition of amiloride or 4-acetamido-4 isothiocyanostillbene-2,2-disulfonic acid (blockers of Na+/H+ and Cl-/HCO3 exchangers) had no influence on steady-state pHi, suggesting that these ion exchangers do not significantly contribute to the maintenance of pHi in the presence of normal external pH. Acidification of mucosal (luminal) perfusate to pH 3 (mimicking the presence of gastric acid) had no influence on pHi, but mucosal pH 2 (10 mM HCl) acidified pHi to 6.93 +/- 0.07. Acidification of serosal (nutrient) perfusate to pH 6 (mimicking intramucosal acidosis caused by back diffusion of luminal H+) acidified pHi to 6.72 +/- 0.10. Removal of Na+ from and addition of amiloride to the serosal perfusate during exposure to serosal pH 6.0 induced further acidification of pHi, suggesting that in this acidotic situation (with very low ambient HCO3- concentration) a Na+/H+ exchanger does contribute to the maintenance of steady-state pHi. Increased PCO2 (10% vol/vol in the gas) in a slightly acidic milieu (mimicking mucosal ischemia) likewise acidified pHi to 6.73 +/- 0.05. A combination of mucosal acid (pH 3), high PCO2 (10% CO2), and low serosal pH (pH 6) (mimicking conditions that prevail, for example, during hemorrhagic shock) acidified pHi and ultimately resulted in cell death. These derangements of intracellular acid-base balance may have pathogenetic importance also in in vivo stress ulceration. PMID- 3169487 TI - Relationship between Campylobacter pylori and gastritis in healthy humans after administration of placebo or indomethacin. AB - Endoscopic and microscopic appearances of antral and fundic mucosa were correlated with the presence or absence of Campylobacter pylori--and with plasma immunoglobulin G antibodies to that organism--in 23 healthy volunteers, 12 of whom had received indomethacin and 11 of whom had received no medication. Antral C. pylori, found in 9 of 23 biopsy specimens (3 of 11 controls, 6 of 12 indomethacin-treated patients; not significantly different), correlated strongly with histologic evidence of active superficial antral gastritis (p less than 0.005), but not with the endoscopic appearance of the antrum. In contrast to the antrum, fundic C. pylori, found in 14 of 23 biopsy specimens (61%), were frequently associated with histologically and endoscopically normal fundic mucosa. Campylobacter pylori-associated active antral gastritis occurred only in subjects whose fundus harbored this organism. Plasma immunoglobulin G antibody titers to C. pylori were highest in subjects with Campylobacter-associated antral gastritis and lowest in subjects without gastric Campylobacter. These studies suggest that healthy humans may harbor C. pylori in their proximal stomach without apparent ill effects. In some of these individuals, the organism also involves the antrum and is associated with active gastritis. PMID- 3169489 TI - Pectin delays gastric emptying and increases satiety in obese subjects. AB - As pectin delays gastric emptying in normal subjects and satiety may be linked to the rate of gastric emptying, we designed this study to evaluate, in a group of obese subjects, the effect of adding pectin to a meal on gastric emptying, sensation of satiety, and postprandial plasma cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide levels. We studied gastric emptying of solids in 9 adult obese subjects on 2 separate days in a randomized fashion. On day 1, 15 g of pectin was added to the meal, and on day 2 15 g of methylcellulose was added and served as control. Satiety was evaluated by an analogue rating scale. Pectin significantly delayed gastric emptying time [t1/2 = 116 +/- 23 min vs. 71 +/- 17 min observed with methylcellulose (p less than 0.001)]. Pectin also significantly increased subjects' sensation of satiety [98 +/- 7 vs. 74 +/- 17 (p less than 0.001)]. Postprandial release of cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide was not modified by pectin. As pectin induces satiety and delays gastric emptying in obese patients, it may be a useful adjuvant in the treatment of disorders of overeating. PMID- 3169490 TI - Role of gastrin-releasing peptide in the neural control of pepsinogen secretion from the pig stomach. AB - A new experimental model, the isolated perfused antrectomized pig stomach with intact vagal innervation, was shown to produce pepsinogen and gastric acid upon electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves and by intravascular administration of carbachol (from a basal value of 111 +/- 24 units of pepsin per minute and 0.044 +/- 0.012 mEq H+/min to 393 +/- 75 units of pepsin per minute and 0.102 +/- 0.022 mEq H+/min upon vagal stimulation). Vagal stimulation also increased the release of the neuropeptide gastrin-releasing peptide to the venous effluent from 0.42 +/ 0.12 to 3.1 +/- 0.95 pmol/min. Intravascular infusions of gastrin-releasing peptide at a concentration of 10(-8) mol/L resulted in a threefold increase in pepsinogen secretion and a small increase in acid output. Because gastrin mediated effects of gastrin-releasing peptide are excluded with this preparation, our results show that gastrin-releasing peptide acts either directly or through another unknown local mediator on the pepsinogen-secreting cells. Gastrin releasing peptide may thus participate in the vagal control of pepsinogen secretion. PMID- 3169491 TI - Human preduodenal lipase is entirely of gastric fundic origin. AB - Lipase activity was measured in supernatant homogenates from various anatomic regions in the upper part of the human digestive tract of two organ donors. It is shown unambiguously that lipase activity occurs only in the fundic mucosa of the stomach, whereas no significant activity takes place in the antral, pharyngeal, or lingual areas, including the circumvallate papillae. In adults, the potential activity of human gastric lipase, as measured using tributyrin as substrate, amounts to 20% of its pancreatic counterpart. Lipase activity was also determined on human gastric biopsy samples taken during gastrofibroscopy tests on healthy adults. These results confirmed the finding that a lipolytic activity of gastric origin occurs uniformly and only in the fundic mucosa. Triacylglycerol hydrolysis is associated with a genuine gastric lipase activity that is clearly distinct from the classical esterase observed using p-nitrophenyl acetate as substrate. Lipase activity decreases significantly with age: it ranges on average from 4700 U/g of fresh mucosa in subjects aged up to 50 yr to 700 U/g of fresh mucosa in persons over 60 yr of age. PMID- 3169493 TI - Effects of fractionated doses of ionizing radiation on small intestinal motor activity. AB - The small intestinal motor effects of fractionated doses of ionizing radiation were studied in 6 conscious dogs. Eight strain-gauge transducers were implanted on the small intestine and a single gauge on the ascending colon, of each dog. After control recordings, an abdominal dose of 250 cGy was administered three times a week on alternate days for 3 successive weeks (total dose, 2250 cGy). Recordings were then made for 4 wk of follow-up. Giant migrating contractions occurred 11 times in 520 h of control recordings in the fasted and fed state, with a mean distance of origin of 55 +/- 16 cm from the ileocolonic junction. Abdominal field irradiation significantly increased the incidence and distance of origin of these giant contractions to 438 in 745 recording hours and 158 +/- 7 cm from the ileocolonic junction, respectively. The incidence of giant migrating contractions peaked after the second dose of radiation. The amplitude ratio of radiation-induced giant migrating contractions to phase III contractions, and their duration and velocity of migration, were similar to the control state. The dogs developed diarrhea and vomiting as early as the first fraction of radiation. Irradiation also increased the incidence of retrograde giant contractions from 8 in 520 h of control recording to 42 in 745 h of recording during the radiation schedule. The radiation-induced retrograde giant contractions peaked in incidence on the day of the first fraction of radiation and were more likely to be associated with a vomiting episode than those occurring in the control period. Migrating motor complex cycling persisted during radiation and its cycle length was not different from the control or postradiation values. Our findings suggest that some of the side effects of radiation such as diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and vomiting may be related to the dramatically increased incidence of giant migrating contractions and retrograde giant contractions. PMID- 3169492 TI - Blocking action of parenteral desferrioxamine on iron absorption in rodents and men. AB - Desferrioxamine (DFO) is an iron chelating agent that, when administered orally, interferes with gut absorption of inorganic iron and, when administered parenterally, binds body iron and is excreted as ferrioxamine in bile and urine. Studies were carried out in normal and iron-deficient male rats and in normal, iron-replete male volunteers to investigate the blocking action of parenteral DFO on the absorption of radioiron. Radiolabeled ferrous ammonium sulfate, transferrin iron, or hemoglobin iron was injected directly into the jejunum of rats with or without intramuscular injections of DFO. Radioiron administered as ferrous sulfate or as transferrin iron was given to the volunteers by mouth or by direct duodenal infusion, respectively, with or without intravenous infusions of DFO. In iron-deficient rats, intramuscular DFO injections commencing 1 h before direct jejunal injection of radioiron significantly blocked absorption of inorganic iron (26% with DFO, 64% without DFO), transferrin iron (4% with DFO, 69% without DFO), and hemoglobin iron (3% with DFO, 19% without DFO). In normal rats, DFO injections also significantly blocked absorption of inorganic iron and transferrin iron. In normal volunteers, intravenous DFO infusions commencing 1 h before administration of radioiron significantly blocked absorption of physiologic doses of inorganic iron (3% with DFO, 21% without DFO) and transferrin iron (1% with DFO, 20% without DFO). The quantity of radioiron excreted in urine by both rats and humans with administration of DFO did not account for the observed decrement in absorption of radioiron. Biochemical analysis of rat intestinal mucosal scrapings after injection of DFO and administration of radioiron demonstrated the accumulation of a small molecular weight fraction containing iron that was ferrioxamine (iron-chelate) complex. We conclude that parenterally administered DFO can enter the small intestinal mucosa, bind intracellular iron, and block iron absorption. Parenteral DFO blocks the absorption of inorganic iron, transferrin iron, and hemoglobin iron, suggesting that all three iron species enter a common chelatable pool within the small intestinal mucosa and may share a common pathway of absorption. PMID- 3169495 TI - Uptake of polypeptide fragments of proteins by rat intestine in vitro and in vivo. AB - Minute amounts of intact proteins were previously shown to be taken up from the intestine into the systemic circulation of mature animals; fragments were not detected. In this study, we sought evidence for uptake of fragments in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Polypeptide fragments produced by pepsin digestion of bovine serum albumin (ranging in molecular weight from approximately 6000 to 25,000) were labeled with 125I. Everted jejunal gut sacs prepared from rat intestine were incubated with labeled fragments. After incubation, fluid exposed to the serosal surface was applied to a Sephadex G-50 gel permeation column. Radioactivity was detected in fractions corresponding to the elution position of the fragments. Transfer of fragments from the mucosal to the serosal surface was temperature-dependent. In in vivo studies, labeled fragments were infused into the jejunum of rats. Blood samples obtained from a mesenteric vein or the portal vein contained labeled fragments. After infusion of unlabeled fragments, nanogram amounts of immunoreactive fragments were detected by radioimmunoassay of mesenteric and portal venous blood. Thus, polypeptide fragments of a potential food protein were capable of being transferred across the mucosa in vitro and in vivo. Failure to detect fragments in the systemic circulation most likely results from their rapid clearance. PMID- 3169494 TI - Selective vascular coagulation of rabbit colon using a flashlamp-excited dye laser operating at 577 nanometers. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that brief pulses of selectively absorbed optical radiation can be used to confine thermal injury to pigmented targets within tissues. We performed studies in rabbits to assess the usefulness of this technique for selectively coagulating the colonic vasculature. By measuring the optical absorbance of rabbit colon with a spectrophotometer, it was determined that hemoglobin exhibits strong absorption relative to the rabbit colon at a wavelength of 577 nm. Because light must be absorbed to affect tissue, it was hypothesized that laser pulses of this wavelength would selectively damage blood vessels. This hypothesis was tested by examining the effect of 300-microseconds long 577-nm laser pulses on rabbit colon in vivo. For delivered radiant exposures between 4 and 8 J/cm2, selective coagulation of the colonic vasculature could be produced without damage to the surrounding colon. At greater radiant exposures, vessel hemorrhage was occasionally noted but no transmural thermal injury was produced with delivered radiant exposures as high as 22 J/cm2. This technique may form the basis of a safe and simple treatment of vascular lesions of the colon such as angiodysplasia. PMID- 3169497 TI - Biotin transport in the human intestine: site of maximum transport and effect of pH. AB - Previous studies from our laboratory have characterized the transport process of biotin across the brush border membrane and the basolateral membrane of the human intestine. In this study we further characterized biotin transport in the human intestine by examining the vitamin's transport process in different areas of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and the effect of pH on the transport process using a brush border membrane vesicle technique. In all areas examined, the transport of biotin as a function of concentration was saturable in the presence of a Na+ gradient (out greater than in) but was linear and lower in the presence of a choline gradient (out greater than in). Transport of biotin by the Na+-dependent process (i.e., the carrier-mediated process) was found to be higher in the duodenum than the jejunum, which was in turn higher than that in the ileum. This decrease in biotin transport distally was found to be due to a decrease in the Vmax of the transport process of the vitamin with no changes in the apparent Km. This indicates that the number (i.e., the density) of transport carriers for biotin decreases distally. In the presence of a Na+ gradient (out greater than in), decreasing incubation buffer pH from 8.0 to 5.5 (intravesicular pH was 7.4) was found to cause an increase in biotin transport. This increase was found to be due to the acidic buffer pH (i.e., not due to the pH gradient imposed across the membrane) and occurred through an increase in the transport of the vitamin by the nonmediated process. These results demonstrate that the proximal part of the small intestine is the site of maximum transport of biotin in humans. Furthermore, variation in incubation medium pH affects biotin transport through changes in the substrate transport by the nonmediated process. PMID- 3169496 TI - Scintigraphic assessment of bowel involvement and disease activity in Crohn's disease using technetium 99m-hexamethyl propylene amine oxine as leukocyte label. AB - Using a novel labeling technique with technetium 99m-hexamethyl propylene amine oxine, we studied 29 patients with known or suspected Crohn's disease. Technetium 99m-hexamethyl propylene amine oxine leukocyte scanning (99mTc scan) was prospectively compared with the results of independently performed radiologic, endoscopic, and histologic examinations, and with findings at surgery, to assess the clinical usefulness of this technique to localize inflammatory lesions. In addition, uptake of technetium 99m-hexamethyl propylene amine oxine in the bowel was graded by comparing it with the uptake in liver and bone marrow and correlating this with established parameters of disease activity. The viability of homologous labeled leukocytes was greater than 95%. Less than 5% of lymphocytes were found in the final preparation. It was found that 45% +/- 12% of the label was bound to granulocytes, and 98% of the unbound label was washed off before reinjection. The results of 99mTc scan revealed a good correlation with those of barium enema (r = 0.880, p less than 0.001), of endoscopy/surgery (r = 0.983, p less than 0.001), and of all combined reference methods (r = 0.981, p less than 0.001). Activity as determined by 99mTc scan was weakly correlated with the results of Crohn's disease activity index (r = 0.559, p less than 0.01), van Hees index (r = 0.606, p less than 0.01), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.456, p less than 0.05) in 24 patients with proven Crohn's disease. The correlation was improved when the 99mTc scan was compared with a combination of these activity parameters and C-reactive protein (r = 0.781, p less than 0.001). Extraintestinal manifestations (joints) and complications (cholecystitis) were also identified correctly by the 99mTc scan. The study demonstrates that leukocyte scanning with technetium 99m-hexamethyl propylene amine oxine as a label can reliably assess the location and, to a lesser degree, activity of Crohn's disease. This technique is more convenient and provides images far superior to those produced by indium 111-labeled leukocyte scanning. PMID- 3169499 TI - Pilot study of cyclosporin A in patients with symptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether daily administration of cyclosporin A to symptomatic patients with primary biliary cirrhosis for 1 yr would lead to a significant and sustained improvement in liver enzyme abnormalities. Twelve adult patients (11 female, 1 male; aged 52.6 +/- 8.9 yr, mean +/- SD) with serologic and histologically defined primary biliary cirrhosis were randomized to receive either oral cyclosporin A or vehicle placebo. Cyclosporin A was administered at sufficient dosages to maintain serum radioimmunoassay trough levels between 100 and 200 ng/ml (starting dosage, 2.5 mg/kg.day). After 1 yr of therapy, significant changes from pretreatment values were seen only in recipients of cyclosporin A. These included a 37% decrease in mean serum alkaline phosphatase and a 43% decrease in gamma-glutamyltransferase (controls +3% and -14%, respectively). Mean serum bilirubin and albumin levels and prothrombin times remained unaltered in the two groups, as did the extent of inflammation and fibrosis and the histologic staging of liver biopsy specimens. Although mean serum creatinine levels increased by 51% in recipients of cyclosporin A (+2% in controls), there were no associated changes in diastolic blood pressure or creatinine clearance values. Other side effects including thrombocytopenia, hirsutism, headaches, tremor, and parasthesiae were common in the treated group but not of sufficient severity to warrant adjustment in the dosage or discontinuation of therapy. The observed changes in hepatic, renal, and hematologic tests tended to return to baseline after discontinuation of therapy. Two patients, both placebo recipients, died of liver failure during the study period. The results of this study indicate that in symptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis, cyclosporin A administration is associated with a significant improvement in cholestatic liver enzyme abnormalities that persists for the duration of therapy. A progressive rise in serum creatinine levels and a high incidence of side effects raise concerns regarding the long-term safety of this agent in primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 3169498 TI - Temporal relationships of cholecystokinin release, pancreatobiliary secretion, and gastric emptying of a mixed meal. AB - The influence of gastric emptying of nutrients on plasma cholecystokinin and pancreatobiliary functions is poorly understood. We therefore temporally related the emptying of fat, protein, and glucose of a mixed meal to release of the gut hormones cholecystokinin, pancreatic polypeptide, and peptide YY and outputs of trypsin, lipase, bilirubin, and bile salts. Five healthy volunteers with a multilumen duodenal tube ingested a mixed meal with phase-specific markers for the aqueous phase, liquid fat, solid fat, and solid protein phases. Duodenal passage was determined by intraduodenal infusion of a second set of phase specific nonabsorbable markers. Plasma cholecystokinin levels and pancreatobiliary secretions rose to a maximum at 30-60 min and then gradually declined (p less than 0.01) despite continued entry of protein and fat into the duodenum throughout the whole 4-h experimental period. High levels of both pancreatic polypeptide and peptide YY were observed in the last 2 h of the experiment. Release of factors capable of inhibiting cholecystokinin release and subsequently pancreatobiliary secretion may be responsible for the observed time course. PMID- 3169500 TI - Virus-liver cell interactions in duck hepatitis B virus infection. A study of virus dissemination within the liver. AB - Thirty-five 1-day-old Pekin-Aylesbury ducks were inoculated intravenously or intraperitoneally with duck hepatitis B virus, and the time-course of infection was examined by Southern-blot, dot-blot, and in situ hybridization and by immunohistochemistry. Randomly scattered single infected hepatocytes were first seen on days 1 and 2 after inoculation and by day 3 occurred as single cells, pairs, and groups of 5-10 adjoining cells. From day 4 after inoculation all hepatocytes were positive for duck hepatitis B surface antigen and deoxyribonucleic acid. Duck hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid levels in liver extracts and serum increased logarithmically from days 2 to 3 to a plateau by days 4 to 5 after inoculation. Infected and control birds showed no significant differences during the first 7 days in terms of liver histology, hepatocyte morphology, or mitotic activity. It was concluded that (a) virus gains access to randomly distributed hepatocytes without first replicating in other cell types, and then begins disseminating to adjacent cells following anatomic boundaries; (b) markers of infection in liver and serum show reproducible kinetics, thus making this in vivo system amenable to further quantitative study; and (c) hepatocytes in this system are highly permissive to virus replication without the development of significant cytopathology. PMID- 3169501 TI - Combined surgical and radiologic approach to recurrent cholangitis and intrahepatic pigment stones. AB - A 37-yr-old white woman from Australia presented with ascending cholangitis and jaundice and was found to have multiple brown, "earthy" pigment stones in the biliary tree, including the segmental ducts. Removal of these stones was accomplished via a subcutaneously placed afferent jejunal limb of a choledochojejunostomy using balloon dilators. The jejunal conduit also served as an access for periodic removal of newly formed stones. This combined surgical and radiologic approach is an effective way of removing recurring pigment stones. The afferent jejunal limb can also be used to perfuse dissolution agents, if necessary, via catheters placed in the biliary tree. PMID- 3169502 TI - Colonic and anorectal motility in young women with severe idiopathic constipation. AB - Forty-four severely constipated women and 16 (8 female, 8 male) asymptomatic volunteers underwent assessment of colon function by (a) clinical examination, (b) rectosigmoid intraluminal pressure recording, (c) colonic transit utilizing radiopaque markers, (d) anorectal manometry, and (e) rectosigmoid electrical activity. Constipated patients were characterized by (a) a greater volume and pressure of rectal distention required for both sensation and sphincter relaxation, (b) diminished basal and postmorphine motility indices only in the distal rectum, (c) delayed transit, and (d) an empty rectum when severely constipated. A neural abnormality affecting afferent nerves may be present in the rectum of female patients with severe idiopathic constipation. Delivery of stool to the rectum is impaired in these patients. PMID- 3169503 TI - Primary sclerosing cholangitis with normal serum alkaline phosphatase activity. AB - We report 12 cases of primary sclerosing cholangitis (confirmed by cholangiography) in which the serum alkaline phosphatase activity was normal. The enzyme activity remained normal during follow-up in 7 cases and fluctuated in 5 cases (it returned to normal in 4). The presence of advanced histologic stage (fibrosis/cirrhosis) with marked cholangiographic changes in 4 patients establishes that cirrhotic-stage primary sclerosing cholangitis can occur without a concomitant increase in serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Therefore, primary sclerosing cholangitis may exist in an occult state without symptoms or increase in serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Our findings suggest that primary sclerosing cholangitis may be more prevalent than realized, especially in patients who have inflammatory bowel disease. A normal value for serum alkaline phosphatase activity should not preclude further investigation for primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease when symptoms or signs suggest liver disease. PMID- 3169504 TI - Chemical colitis due to endoscope cleaning solutions: a mimic of pseudomembranous colitis. AB - A unique form of colitis was observed during endoscopy of the lower gastrointestinal tract in 21 patients. The patients were prepared using either tap-water enemas or standard lavage solutions. Patients were found to have discrete or confluent white plaques adherent to the colonic mucosa, mild to severe erythema of the surrounding mucosa, and variable amounts of foamy liquid upon withdrawal of the endoscope. Stool assays for Clostridium difficile toxin and bacterial cultures were negative. Mucosal biopsies revealed vacuolar changes in the lamina propria, with slight to moderate vascular congestion and foci of intramucosal hemorrhage. Five patients developed rectal bleeding, tenesmus, and increased frequency of stools, lasting up to 12 days. We believe these cases were due to contamination of the endoscope's air-water channel with solutions used during endoscope cleaning. Recognition of this entity is important, as it is preventable and may mimic pseudomembranous colitis. PMID- 3169505 TI - Platelet-activating factor and inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 3169507 TI - When does nucleation time really occur? PMID- 3169506 TI - Why antigens are attracted to the dome epithelium: another clue. PMID- 3169508 TI - Vincristine and gastrointestinal transit. PMID- 3169509 TI - Fecal protoporphyrin in erythropoietic protoporphyria. PMID- 3169510 TI - [Biochemical modification of an erythrocyte mass having lost its effectiveness after an extremely long storage time]. PMID- 3169511 TI - [Morphofunctional properties of an erythrocyte suspension in a preservative based on a solution of modified deionized gelatin]. PMID- 3169512 TI - [Changes in the rheological properties of citrated blood and of the structural function of the erythrocyte membranes during storage]. PMID- 3169513 TI - [Clinico-morphological and biochemical parallels in hemopoietic and hepatic involvement in hypoplastic anemia]. PMID- 3169514 TI - [Erythropoietic disorders in chronic diffuse liver diseases]. PMID- 3169515 TI - [Autoimmune hemolytic anemia with erythrocyte cold agglutinins]. PMID- 3169516 TI - [The aggregation activity of erythrocytes with different degrees of acid resistance]. PMID- 3169517 TI - [Erythroblastic islets of bone marrow and peripheral blood monocytes in patients with hematopoietic hypoplasia and erythremia]. PMID- 3169518 TI - [Agglutinable properties of preserved erythrocytes during storage]. PMID- 3169520 TI - [Testing of human oxyhemoglobin function during its storage as solutions]. PMID- 3169519 TI - [Analysis of erythrocyte aggregation in the microcirculatory bed of various organs in histological preparations using an automated image analysis system]. PMID- 3169521 TI - [Initial experience with the clinical use of an erythrocyte mass resuspended and preserved in an Eritronaf solution]. PMID- 3169522 TI - Some biological and social factors of risk associated with the birth of pre-term infants. AB - The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of factors associated with spontaneous pre-term births so that the high risk woman could be identified before or at early stages of pregnancy. For this purpose, we have compared the measurements of 21 anthropometric traits and mean fluctuating asymmetry over 8 bilateral anthropometric traits, as well as age, occupation, education, previous obstetric history, complications during pregnancy, medicines received during and after pregnancy and some others in women who delivered babies of short (26-36 wk, n = 113 ind.) and normal gestational age (n = 103). Diseases and mean fluctuating asymmetry of eight morphological traits in the newborn infants themselves were also studied. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out and these were in agreement, showing a highly significant increase in the morbidity rate (especially of respiratory diseases) among pre term infants and in complications during pregnancy in their mothers. Among other variables associated with the current pre-term birth were previous spontaneous pre-term births, suggesting their special risk value. The estimate of the sib correlation in gestational age on the liability scale was about 0.63. Spearman and Pearson correlations in gestational age for siblings were 0.34 and 0.31, respectively. PMID- 3169523 TI - Segregation and linkage analysis of nine Utah breast cancer pedigrees. AB - The analysis of nine Utah families that were ascertained for clusters of breast cancer cases is reported. Segregation analysis of an inherited susceptibility to breast cancer shows two distinct maximum likelihood solutions that have almost equal likelihood. One model indicates that most females had zero risk for breast cancer, but 10% of the female population had risks much greater than the Utah age specific incidence rates. The other model indicates that most females have a risk defined by the Utah rates for breast cancer, but a rare dominant gene is segregating for increased susceptibility to breast cancer. Our analysis shows that linkage results under the two models are consistent in sign but not in magnitude. No evidence for linkage was found with the 14 marker loci examined. In addition to demonstrating distortion of linkage results from ignoring sporadic cases, this analysis shows the inherent difficulty of obtaining parameter estimates for segregation analysis when families are ascertained from a cluster of cases. PMID- 3169524 TI - Potential contributions of genetic epidemiology. PMID- 3169525 TI - Alcohol effects on the percentage of beta waves in the electroencephalograms of twins. AB - Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were made from 26 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and 26 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) adult male twins, before and after alcohol ingestion. After a baseline EEG and a light breakfast, 1.2 ml/kg of ethanol was given orally over 15 min and the EEG repeated four times at hourly intervals. Alcohol caused a significant drop in the percentage of beta waves (14-30 cycles/sec) during the 1st hr. For the percentage of beta waves in 38 pairs of twins with complete data, MZ twin beta-wave intraclass correlations (RMZ) ranged between 0.85 and 0.91 before and after alcohol, but the DZ intraclass correlations (RDZ) started at 0.54 and fell to 0.05 at 2 hr after alcohol before recovering to baseline levels. These correlations resulted in heritability estimates [2(RMZ-RDZ)] of 0.68 at baseline and 1.73 at 2 hr. A heritability of 1.43 was found for the 1st hr drop in percentage of beta waves (RMZ = 0.78, RDZ = 0.06). These unrealistically high heritabilities, due to RDZ's approaching 0.0, suggest a failure of assumptions in the linear twin model that was used. Also, these findings are similar to, but more exaggerated than, findings in resting EEG's and visually evoked EEG potentials of twins and are compatible with the influence of gene interactions. PMID- 3169526 TI - Genetic analysis of human breast cancer: implications for family study designs. AB - Genetic analysis of human breast cancer, as with many common diseases, raises several problems including sampling strategies, genetic heterogeneity, and gene environment interactions. A reanalysis of 200 Danish breast cancer pedigrees, under the unified mixed model, was conducted to investigate more specifically these three points. We found that use of different sampling schemes leads to similar conclusions: familial transmission of breast cancer in this whole Danish sample cannot be accounted for by the Mendelian segregation of a dominant gene. Homogeneity tests, based on an a priori subdivision of the sample, were all nonsignificant under a given genetic model. However, it was possible to isolate a particular subgroup of pedigrees displaying only breast cancer, which was compatible with the segregation of a dominant gene. We have also shown that correct specification of a liability indicator according to epidemiological factors is of major importance to detect a major effect under the mixed model. Our results emphasize the need to design family studies including various types of information in the probands and family members to permit some progress in the understanding of complex diseases. PMID- 3169527 TI - Effect of maternal and infant covariates on sibship correlation in birth weight. AB - Birth weight on 12,644 singleton infants from 6,196 sibships born in Maryland between 1980 and 1984 were used to estimate the effects of nine maternal and infant covariates on the sibship correlation in birth weight. Assuming a homogeneous correlation across all families, the estimated intraclass correlation was 0.4664 (+/- 0.0099). This high sibship correlation makes it possible to predict, with reasonable accuracy, the birth weight of a child given information on previous sibs, as well as covariates on the mother and/or infant pertinent to a given pregnancy. The reduction in variance associated with incorporating information on the nine covariates used here was approximately equal to that obtained by conditioning on a single previous sib. Testing for heterogeneity in correlation among different groups of families showed that a crude measure of parity (first live birth vs. other), time between births, mother's marital status, and maternal age at the birth of the last child significantly influenced the sibship correlation in birth weight. PMID- 3169529 TI - Estimating genetic parameters of survival distributions: a multifactorial model. AB - For a number of genetically influenced illnesses, age of onset is correlated between relatives. In some cases, age of onset also serves as an index of an individual's inherited liability to an illness. Typically, survival models for age of onset distributions do not allow for these effects. We have used the gamma distribution as the basis of a model which specifies genetic variability in age of onset. Specifically, we allow the hazard frequency parameter of the gamma distribution to be a monotonic function of an individual's inherited liability to an illness. Simulations under various gamma models indicate that age of onset correlations may be strikingly different from correlations in liability. Maximum likelihood estimation procedures were used to obtain parameter estimates from simulated data sets and to determine whether it is possible to discriminate between gamma processes of different order. The results of 1,000 pairs of twins (500 monozygotic and 500 dizygotic) gave parameter estimates that were fairly accurate but that decreased in precision as the order of the gamma process increased. We discuss the effect this may have on inferences made about age of onset. PMID- 3169528 TI - Estimating the age-at-onset function using life-table methods. AB - In the analysis of dominantly inherited diseases, the age-at-onset function is often estimated from the observed age-at-onset distribution of cases. This estimate is confounded with the age distribution of the population from which the cases were sampled and is accurate only if there are no competing causes of death. In this paper, we present a straightforward method for calculating a more accurate age-at-onset function under etiologic heterogeneity. We use the life table approach and survival analysis methods. This method is illustrated using data on first-degree relatives of probands from two sets of families with high cancer incidence: one with breast/ovarian cancer and the other with colon cancer. A comparison of the estimated age-at-onset function obtained by the two methods is presented. In both cases, colon cancer as well as breast/ovarian cancer, the estimates of onset probabilities based on proportion of cases, are consistently higher than those obtained by the life-table method. For breast/ovarian cancer, this difference is not as striking as it is in the case of colon cancer; nevertheless, the method using proportion of cases tends to give a lower estimate of the age-at-onset function (higher probability of being affected at lower age) than the life-table approach. PMID- 3169530 TI - Lifestyle and blood pressure levels in male twins in Utah. AB - Healthy male monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs (MZ pairs = 77; DZ pairs = 88) were studied to assess the effect of dietary intake, physical activity, physical fitness, body mass index (BMI), sum of the triceps and subscapular skinfold measurements, alcohol and caffeine consumption, and smoking patterns on blood pressure. Data on physical activity, detailed dietary intake, medical history, and demographics were obtained from a questionnaire. A bicycle ergometer was used to estimate level of fitness; other medical information was ascertained from physical examination. After normalizing the study variables, intraclass correlations for BMI and the sum of the triceps and subscapular skinfold measurements were higher in MZ than in DZ twin pairs (BMI: MZ r = 0.76, DZ r = 0.48; skinfolds: MZ r = 0.73, DZ r = 0.28), as were VO2max(MZ r = 0.63, DZ r = 0.25) and post-bike heart rate (MZ r = 0.69, DZ r = 0.19). Both systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) had high heritability estimates (SBP = 0.60, and DBP = 0.66). Using factor analysis, four major lifestyle factors were identified and categorized as: 1) dietary intake; 2) a factor heavily weighted by cigarette smoking, alcohol and caffeine consumption; 3) fatness; 4) physical activity and physical fitness. Adjustment for these factors did not alter heritability estimates for either SBP or DBP. PMID- 3169531 TI - HIV seropositivity diagnosed during pregnancy: psychosocial characterization of patients and their adaptation. AB - The diagnosis of HIV infection is uniquely traumatic to the pregnant patient. Her adjustment is complicated by concerns for her fetus and by coexisting psychiatric disorders. The 15 obstetric patients described demonstrated significant comorbidity, including psychoactive substance abuse or dependence, adjustment and mood disorders, and personality disorders. Treatment should address not only adaptation to HIV infection but also the psychodynamics of pregnancy, the anticipation of illness in the infant, and the management of drug addiction and unstable character. PMID- 3169532 TI - Primary health care providers' recognition and diagnosis of mental disorders in their patients. AB - Primary care physicians and nurse practitioners are the initial casefinders of mental health problems and major providers of mental health treatment in the United States. However, past studies suggest that such primary care providers often neither recognize nor correctly diagnose their patients' mental disorders. This study compared an HMO's primary providers' direct assessments of the current emotional disorders of patients just seen for an outpatient medical visit with those of mental health professionals assessing the same patients with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM III R (SCID). Using the SCID-derived diagnosis as the standard, the primary providers failed to recognize almost two thirds of their patients with a current mental disorder. Although confident in their assessments, the primary providers were also able to correctly identify very few of the specific mental disorders most prevalent in primary medical care practice; they identified only one of the seven depressions, three of the 18 anxiety disorders, and none of the four alcohol or drug abuse disorders. Reasons for these diagnostic discrepancies, comparisons with past studies, and training to improve primary providers' diagnosis of mental disorders in their patients are discussed. PMID- 3169533 TI - Compliance with psychiatric referrals from a general hospital psychiatry outpatient clinic. AB - This study examines the referral patterns of 949 patients seen in a general hospital psychiatry outpatient clinic during a 15-month period. One hundred patients referred to outpatient psychotherapists were interviewed by telephone to determine compliance rates with referral recommendations. Forty-five percent reported compliance with the referral, defined as attendance at one or more psychiatric follow-up visits. Factors associated with higher compliance rates were being married, being referred at the initiation of the therapist and not the patient, and, for a subgroup of patients, receiving a list of potential psychotherapists. Neither diagnosis nor severity of illness predicted compliance, and self-referral was not associated with improved compliance. There was also no relationship found between satisfaction with the referral procedure and subsequent compliance with the referral. In 49% of the noncompliant cases, reasons cited were a self-perceived lack of need for continuing treatment due to symptom resolution and insufficient motivation. PMID- 3169534 TI - Group therapy for chronic medical illness: a multidiagnosis group. AB - Chronic medical illness, and the resulting feelings of alienation, dependency, and distress, represent significant psychiatric issues in the general hospital setting. This article presents the results of the first 3 years of a pilot psychotherapy group at UCLA. This group differed from the typical didactic or support groups offered within the hospital in that membership was not limited to any particular diagnostic group. It was hypothesized that such a multidiagnosis group would facilitate exploration of dynamic and interpersonal issues. Both the group process and the response of the membership supported this hypothesis. However, an interesting distinction emerged within the group between members who saw themselves as chronically medically ill and those who defined themselves as disabled. "Disabled" members were generally less satisfied with the group and tended to benefit less than other members. In light of the above findings, we offer recommendations for establishment of similar groups in other hospital settings. PMID- 3169535 TI - When the patient doesn't die. AB - Little has been written about the effects on psychotherapy when a patient who is expected to die survives. A young woman who was nearing the end of routine psychotherapy was found to have breast cancer. There were two recurrences of the malignancy, and while everything pointed toward a rapid death, the patient did not die. Psychotherapy, which had begun before the diagnosis, continued during intensive medical treatment and beyond. Some of the changes affecting both the patient and the therapist are described, and some guidelines are suggested for conducting psychotherapy with cancer patients who have prolonged survival. PMID- 3169536 TI - Atypical panic attacks and lack of resolution of mourning. AB - A number of psychologic and biologic contributors to panic disorder have been identified. Three cases of young adult women who experienced atypical panic attacks are described. The attacks are atypical because they had ideational or situational precipitants and because they were inevitably accompanied by intrusive visual images of a deceased loved one. In each case, there was also the persistence of irrational beliefs and/or unintegrated feelings about the deceased, corroborating that the intrusive images and panic attacks occurred in the context of unresolved mourning. Although the association between panic attacks and intrusive images apparently has not been reported previously, both phenomena have been associated with lack of resolution of mourning. The discussion considers similarities in these cases and in reports of Vietnam veterans suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder and panic attacks. Together, these similarities suggest that unresolved traumas of various kinds may at times contribute to the development of atypical panic attacks accompanied by intrusive visual images. PMID- 3169537 TI - The evaluation of a consultation-liaison service. AB - The demographics, referral patterns, and diagnoses of a psychiatric consultation liaison service during a 1-year period are reported. A comparison with data from a similar evaluation of the same service 10 years previously showed stability in most variables. The data suggest that mere availability of a consultation-liaison service does not necessarily lead to increased utilization and highlights the need to forge specific links with other specialties. The use of DSM-III diagnoses in a consultation-liaison service is discussed. PMID- 3169538 TI - [Possible mechanisms of the occurrence of chromosome restructurings. IV. Chromosome restructurings in spontaneous mutagenesis]. AB - An attempt was undertaken to modify the spontaneous mutation process by varying its conditions in somatic cells of different species and tissues. The rate of chromosome aberrations and their types were studied in anaphase and metaphase. Under normal conditions, chromosome breaks were only found to occur. Breakage of chromosomes occurs during interphase, and as a result, acentric fragments are located outside the equatorial plate during metaphase. This process of chromosome breakage leads to elimination of some genetic material, without concomitant exchanges, and therefore, it has been named "elimination" process. Spontaneous chromosome mutagenesis manifesting itself at cytogenetic level was concluded to be an elimination process directed to elimination of a portion of chromatin from chromosomes. When the conditions of spontaneous mutagenesis are altered, in particular, by cardiovascular diseases in man, by partial inhibition of DNA repair in mice and pea cells, by transformation of Chinese hamster cells, upon ageing of pea seeds-qualitative changes in the chromosomal aberrations are registered, connected with the appearance of chromosome exchanges and acentric fragments situated within the equatorial plate during metaphase. These two types of chromosome aberrations are proposed to be considered as new criteria of pathology. A system of processes was suggested to exist, preventing the appearance of aberrations during mitosis, and it is supposed to be one of the most significant homeostatic systems. PMID- 3169539 TI - [Genetic relationship of the loci of phosphohexose isomerase and G-system blood groups in swine]. AB - The hybridological analysis for gene mapping of the locus of phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) of pigs was carried out. The locus of G blood group system was used as a marker of the chromosome 15. 26 families with 200 piglets were obtained from backcross matings. The analysis of haplotype segregation pointed to the lack of independent inheritance of PHI and G systems loci and to weak linkage between these loci. The recombination frequency was estimated to be 39%. The results obtained are discussed in connection with the problem of establishment of accurate gene maps. PMID- 3169541 TI - [Host-parasite interaction as a factor in the evolution of genetic recombination]. AB - A model of the rec-system evolution determined by species interactions of the host-parasite type has been studied. In contrast to known formalizations, the genetic structure of both populations is clearly represented in our model, which makes it possible to set the mode of their interrelations in a more natural and biologically consistent way. The numerical analysis has revealed the situations, where nondecreasing oscillations of the linkage disequilibrium coefficient and, consequently, the selection favourable for higher recombination occur in a system. The evolutionary advantage of recombination has been demonstrated both in terms of population mean fitness and in the models with locus modifier of recombination. PMID- 3169540 TI - [Chromosomal instability related to disordered replication and repair processes of DNA synthesis in the cells of patients with gouty nephropathy]. AB - Lymphocytes of patients with gouty nephropathy were investigated using the criteria of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) formation, rapidity of generation, virus reactivation, detection of the level of virus mutagenesis and DNA repair and replication synthesis in the experiments with some mutagens. Disorders, according to these criteria, were observed in the cells of all the patients. Cells of patients with gouty nephropathy may be used as a model to study DNA repair and replication mechanisms. PMID- 3169542 TI - [Mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of acrylates]. AB - Increasing amount of fructose-1-phosphate aldolase activity in rat blood serum and induction of chromosomal aberrations in rat bone marrow cells were observed after injection of acrylamide. The cytotoxic activity of acrylamide in rat depended on the dose. Methylmethacrylate and butyl methacrylate demonstrated no such activity. PMID- 3169543 TI - Differential rates of genic and chromosomal evolution in bats of the family Rhinolophidae. AB - Data for nondifferentially stained chromosomes from 10 species of Rhinolophus (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) suggest a conserved chromosomal evolution. G-banded chromosomes for three well differentiated species (Rhinolophus hipposideros, Rhinolophus blasii, and Rhinolophus acuminatus) corroborate a low level of gross chromosomal rearrangements. Additionally, a comparison between G-banded chromosomes of Rhinolophus (Rhinolophidae) and Hipposideros (Hipposideridae) suggests extreme conservatism in chromosomal arms between these two distantly related groups. On the other hand, we report extensive genic divergence as assayed by starch gel electrophoresis among these 10 species, and between Rhinolophus and two hipposiderid genera (Hipposideros and Aselliscus). The present chromosomal data are not sufficient for phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenies based on electrophoretic data are in many aspects discordant with those based on the classical morphological criteria. Different (and as yet not clearly understood) evolutionary forces affecting chromosomal, morphologic, and electrophoretic variation may be the reason for the apparent lack of concordance in these independent data sets. PMID- 3169544 TI - Somatic immunoglobulin sequence divergence and its implications for studies of evolutionary divergence. AB - The divergence of immunoglobulin genes due to somatic mutation provides a natural example of DNA sequence divergence. This divergence was examined to gain insight into the processes of evolution and the determinants of the variance-to-mean ratio of sequence divergence. Normally, this ratio is found to be larger than expected (1.0 under Poisson assumptions) for the evolutionary divergence or most genes. Although not significantly less than one, all seven groups of immunoglobulin amino acid sequences have ratios smaller than expected, contrary to the evolutionary pattern generally observed. The substitutions in the immunoglobulin genes appear to be highly nonrandom and an excess of parallel changes (the major nonrandom feature of these mutations) is shown to cause smaller ratios. Because convergent or parallel mutations are often observed in the evolutionary divergence of genes, this suggests that forces causing the large observed ratios may actually have to be more powerful than previously expected. Further, since selection is one of the likely causes of parallel mutations, it should be noted that selection could significantly decrease the variance-to-mean ratio. The high frequency of parallel mutations and their resulting effects, as observed in the immunoglobulin genes, suggest that only poor inferences of sequence divergence can be made without actual knowledge of the ancestral sequence. PMID- 3169545 TI - Cytological differences and chromosomal rearrangements in four members of the Anopheles dirus complex (Diptera: Culicidae). AB - A reference photomap of the larval salivary gland, polytene chromosomes of the Anopheles dirus complex (species A) is presented. Samples of species A, B, C, and D from natural populations in Thailand were compared to this standard map using the larval progeny of wild-caught females. All species show differences in their chromosome banding patterns involving band size, number, and shape, particularly at the free ends of the X, 2R, and 2L. These differences provide useful diagnostic characters for separating members of the species complex. However, overall banding patterns are conservative in the group: species A, B, and C are virtually homosequential. Species D is highly polymorphic for a single paracentric inversion in each of the four autosomal arms and has a fixed inversion on the X chromosome. This same X chromosome inversion occurs at low frequency in species A. PMID- 3169546 TI - [Genetic analysis of the hybridization zone between two subspecies Mus musculus domesticus and Mus musculus musculus in Bulgaria]. AB - The hybrid zone between the two subspecies of mice Mus musculus domesticus and Mus musculus musculus, which has been studied extensively in Denmark, crosses Europe to the Black Sea through the Alps and the Balkans. Two hundred and seventy nine animals were captured in 22 localities along a transect across the Balkans. The animals were characterized for seven diagnostic nuclear loci by protein electrophoresis and by restriction pattern analysis of their mitochondrial DNA. The nuclear data show a sharp transition between the two subspecies, most of the variations in allele frequencies (from 0.9 to 0.1) occurring within a 36-km section of the transect. The introgression varies from one locus to the other and is more pronounced, in terms of distance, in M. m. musculus territory. Mitochondrial DNA introgression is important but occurs in one direction only, i.e. from M. m. musculus to M. m. domesticus, while a cytoplasmic transfer from M. m. domesticus to M. m. musculus has been reported. A previous study showed that no Y chromosome introgression occurs. The different behaviour of these three types of markers could be due to the interaction between selection against hybrid genomes and meiotic recombination. Objectively, it would appear that the genes that can introgress are neutral or nearly so and have been separated from deleterious genes they were linked to by recombination. This could explain the differential introgression between autosomal loci. The mitochondrial and Y chromosomes undergo no or very little recombination and each is transmitted as a whole. Their degree of introgression is thus indicative of the intensity of selection resulting from the amount of functional differentiation between the two taxa, which seems to be strong for the Y chromosome and weak for mitochondrial DNA. We propose that the asymmetry of nuclear introgression is due to different population structures. As M. m. musculus is relatively less structured, the rapid spreading of introgressed genes would be favoured. Such a scheme, however, can hardly account for the unidirectionality of the mitochondrial flow, which could be due to sex-dependent behaviour. PMID- 3169547 TI - Region-specific alleles of the Drosophila segmentation gene hairy. AB - An essential step in the Drosophila segmentation mechanism is the expression of the pair-rule gene hairy in a periodic pattern in the blastoderm. In this paper we describe four regulatory hairy mutations. Using in situ hybridization, we show that these mutations cause alterations in the normal pattern of hairy expression. The new patterns are partial versions of the wild-type pattern and indicate that there are regulatory sequences associated with hairy that respond to distinct cues in different parts of the blastoderm. This suggests that a major function of hairy is to decode a prepattern consisting of complex cues (probably generated by the coordinate and gap classes of segmentation genes) into a simple periodic pattern. We have located the mutations on the DNA map of the hairy gene. They identify a 5' region of approximately less than 20 kb necessary for this decoding function. PMID- 3169548 TI - Paternal DNA strands segregate to both trophectoderm and inner cell mass of the developing mouse embryo. AB - The localization of sperm DNA strands was examined in preimplantation mouse embryos. Male mice were treated with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to label germ-cell line DNA and were then mated with unlabeled females. Sperm DNA strands in early embryos derived from these matings could be detected by means of a fluorescent antibody specific to BrdU. The position and number of fluorescent spots detected in the developing embryos are consistent with a model in which paternal DNA strands segregate at random into both the trophectoderm and the inner cell mass. Although we could not follow the segregation of individual paternal chromosomes, we could detect no overall segregation pattern of the sperm DNA strands that could be obviously related to chromosome imprinting. PMID- 3169549 TI - A liver-specific factor essential for albumin transcription differs between differentiated and dedifferentiated rat hepatoma cells. AB - We have identified and characterized two mutually exclusive nuclear proteins that interact with a single crucial element of the albumin promoter. One, albumin proximal factor (APF), is found only in liver or differentiated hepatoma cells and is probably identical to the liver-specific factor named HNF1, alpha 1TFB, or HP1-binding protein. The other, variant albumin proximal factor (vAPF), is present in dedifferentiated hepatoma cells as well as in somatic cell hybrids that show extinction of the expression of liver-specific proteins, including albumin. Reversion to the hepatic phenotype of either a dedifferentiated variant or an extinguished somatic hybrid clone is accompanied by loss of vAPF and reappearance of APF. These two proteins differ in their thermostability and in their molecular weight, while displaying identical sequence specificities. Both proteins interact with a homologous motif present in promoter regions of several other liver-specific genes. In vitro transcription assays, using a rat liver nuclear extract, indicate that the binding of APF to its target sequence is required for albumin transcription. These results suggest that a modification in the primary structure of a transcription factor is correlated with the differentiated state of the hepatic cell. PMID- 3169550 TI - Additional human Q-fever studies on the Cape Verde Islands--2nd report. AB - The MAR-test results including titer levels of 1:4 and higher revealed 92% positive reactions in the district of Santa Cruz/Santiago and 77% positive reactions in 6 villages of Santo Antao. The submitted examinations prove the agent Coxiella burnetti's existence responsible for different clinical pictures observed on the Cape Verde Islands. PMID- 3169551 TI - The application of PVP-iodine in developing countries. AB - In this report the possibilities for the application of PVP-iodine-preparations in the developing countries in the treatment of wounds, including burns and in diseases of the mucous membrane, eyes, mouth and genital region are discussed. The application proved particularly valuable where a high antibiotic resistance was found. PMID- 3169552 TI - [Hepatitis B studies on the Cape Verde Islands]. PMID- 3169553 TI - [Hepatitis B studies in the Polisario region (southwestern Algeria)]. PMID- 3169554 TI - [Hepatitis B studies in area of San Salvador]. PMID- 3169555 TI - [Hepatitis B infection in 2 areas of Nigeria]. PMID- 3169556 TI - [Hepatitis B study in Sudan--the Melut region]. PMID- 3169557 TI - [Hepatitis B studies in 2 hospitals in Tehran (Iran)]. PMID- 3169558 TI - Serological investigation of measles (morbilli) in the Melut district, South Sudan. AB - In Sudan, measles are often not identified and are diagnosed and treated as "fever". Apart from this, the unimmunized population is an important factor, however, cold storage of the vaccine is not always possible. For this reason detailed instruction and introduction in diagnostic identification was given by our team of doctors. The contamination rate and antibody verification varies according to region. The highest percentage of 83% was reached in Melut among hospitalized patients. At the time of our investigation, immunization had not been carried out in this region. PMID- 3169559 TI - Large-scale measures applied in the elimination of severe head louse infestation in south Sudan, using pyrethrum and synergists. AB - For the elimination of head-body lice in various villages in the Melut District in South Sudan the application of Pyrethrum louse shampoo and Pyrethrum spray proved highly effective. Clothing were also placed in Pyrethrum suspensions. PMID- 3169560 TI - WHO immunization programme and hospital procedure in the Melut district, upper Nile region, south Sudan, in the year 1983 (report). AB - During the year 1983 the immunization programme according to the WHO-standard was finally started in the Melut region. The tables give details on the extension of tetanus immunization for neonatal tetanus, DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) and also measles in the Melut hospital in 1983. For the first time, a functioning chain of cold storage units could be installed in this hospital. From March to November, 1983 details of mother-child care and ambulant patient care were also recorded. PMID- 3169561 TI - Serological investigations in Q-fever and listeriosis of wild-living small mammals on the Cape Verde Islands. AB - Serological investigations of small mammals had been made on the Island Santiago (Cape Verde Islands), to clear up how far synantropic, small mammals are reservoir hosts for pathogens, such as Coxiella burnetti and Listeria monocytogenes. 367 small mammals representing two species (Rattus rattus and Mus musculus) were trapped. Q-fever antibodies were detected in 155 of 350 examined rats and mice (44.29%). 18.89% of all tested sera showed positive results to Listeria-antigen, serovar 4bH, 5.48% to 4b0 and 9.75% to 01. PMID- 3169562 TI - Problems related to the treatment of drinking water in tropical climates. AB - A study on the bacteriological quality of drinking water in a camp of an oil company in Thiang Rial (South Sudan) showed that the filtered drinking water in the water storage containers contained distinctly higher colony counts (up to 10(6) colonies/ml) than the untreated water flowing approximately 20 meters from the bank of the White Nile (up to 10(4) colonies/ml), from where the water was pumped to the camp. The qualitative bacteriological analysis also confirmed that the untreated water from the Nile was of a better quality than the treated water in the camp. This decrease in quality of the water was due to secondary contamination between the filtration system and the consumer. PMID- 3169563 TI - Serological examinations of crows in Colombo's slaughter-house Sri Lanka. AB - Crows from Colombo's slaughter-house were examined serologically towards ornithosis, Rickettsia, Newcastle Disease and Adenovirus. Positive reactions were shown in ornithosis, Q-fever, RMSF-Rickettsia-group and Adenovirus. PMID- 3169564 TI - Serological examinations of dogs (Canis familiaris) in Colombo/Sri Lanka. AB - In Colombo/Sri Lanka wild dogs were investigated for various zoonoses. Based on the poor general conditions the contamination rate was relatively high. 27 of the 30 dog sera reacted positive against Listeriosis. 17 of the 29 samples reacted against Q-fever in low titers, however, because of the highly purified antigen used these are evaluated as positive. The contamination rate was 100%. 18 sera reacted positive against the RMSF-group antigen. 14 samples reacted positive against Chlamydiasis. 17 samples reacted positive against Echinococcosis and in the Brucellosis samples 3 were positive. 7 positive reactions were found against Adenovirus. PMID- 3169565 TI - Carst caves in therapy and the correlation between geography and respiratory diseases in Hungary. PMID- 3169566 TI - Geography of mortality: problems of epidemiological approach. PMID- 3169567 TI - Antibiotic spectrum of isolated germs in the vaginal smear of Nigerian women. AB - The bacteriological research of 534 vaginal smears of pregnant women and patients of the gynaecological ward in Abeokuta showed in 21.6% beta-hem. Streptococcus group D, in 10.9% Staphylococcus epidermidis, in 5.3% Escherichia coli, in 3.6% Staphylococcus aureus, in 1.3% beta-hem. Streptococcus group B and in 7.8% yeasts. 48% of all smears remained sterile. The antibiotics with the least effect were Tetracyclines and Penicillines. Trimethoprim and Sulfonamid, Ticarcillin and Netilmycin were able to prevent the bacterial growth by at least 89%. Isolated germs of private patients showed higher resistance against Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol than those of non-private patients. PMID- 3169568 TI - Cancer mortality risk among the major immigrant and ethnic groups in Canada: from 1969 to 1973. PMID- 3169569 TI - Assistance services for refugees at the south frontier of Mexico. PMID- 3169570 TI - Spatial organization of primary health care in Warsaw, Poland. PMID- 3169571 TI - A medico-geographical analysis of cerebrovascular disease in Tohoku district, Japan. PMID- 3169572 TI - A medical geographical investigation of natural resources in Hungary. PMID- 3169573 TI - Identification of functional open reading frames in chloroplast genomes. AB - We have used a rapid computer dot-matrix comparison method to identify all DNA regions which have been evolutionarily conserved between the completely sequenced chloroplast genomes of tobacco and a liverwort. Analysis of these regions reveals 74 homologous open reading frames (ORFs) which have been conserved as to length and amino acid sequence; these ORFs also have an excess of nucleotide substitutions at silent sites of codons. Since the nonfunctional parts of these genomes have become saturated with mutations and show no sequence similarity whatsoever, the homologous ORFs are almost certainly functional. A further four pairs of ORFs show homology limited to only a short part of their putative gene products. Amino acid sequence identities range between 50 and 99%; some chloroplast proteins are seen to be among the most slowly evolving of all known proteins. A search of the nucleotide and amino acid sequence databanks has revealed several previously unidentified genes in chloroplast sequences from other species, but no new homologies to prokaryotic genes. PMID- 3169574 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the regulatory gene xylR of the TOL plasmid from Pseudomonas putida. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the xylR gene for a transcriptional activator for the degradative pathway of aromatic hydrocarbons on the TOL plasmid from Pseudomonas putida. The 1698-bp sequence for a 566-amino acid (aa) protein (Mr 63741) was identified as the XylR-encoding sequence. Three regions in XylR show homology to Klebsiella pneumoniae NtrC and NifA, both of which are transcriptional activators for the ntr and nif genes involved in the nitrogen metabolism. The central region of XylR (aa 234-473) corresponds to the region that was proposed to interact with RNA polymerase having a sigma factor, NtrA [Drummond et al., EMBO J. 5 (1986) 441-447]. The C-terminal region (aa 515-558) has a putative DNA-binding structure. A short segment proximal to the central region (aa 211-229) is thought to be an interdomain linker. No amino acid homology was found in the N-terminal regions among these proteins. These findings suggest the interaction of XylR with an NtrA in the transcriptional activation of the degradative pathway. PMID- 3169575 TI - A directed nucleotide-sequencing approach for single-stranded vectors based on recloning intermediates of a progressive DNA synthesis reaction. AB - A simple method for site-directed nucleotide sequencing is presented that uses a novel procedure for generating nested 'deletions' within inserts of single stranded clones. In this method, single-stranded template, sequencing primer, and the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I are used to initiate progressive DNA synthesis of the entire insert of the clone. By time-dependent sampling and pooling of intermediates from the synthesis reaction a series of nested double-stranded DNA subfragments of the insert can be created. Nested subclones are then produced by S1-endonuclease treatment and oriented subcloning methods. First, smaller quantities of template DNA can be used, equivalent to a fraction of a small DNA sequencing prep. Second, it works with single-stranded M13 phage DNA rather than requiring the preparation of double-stranded replicative form DNA as in ExoIII-based methods. Third, the 'deletions' it generates can span areas of simple nucleotide sequence or secondary structure that often halt digestion in the single-stranded exonuclease-based method. Last, the method is adaptable to a larger variety of insert cloning sites than the ExoIII-based method. The main disadvantage of the method is that, due to the lower efficiency of subcloning larger DNA fragments, subclone inserts larger than 3 kb are generated only infrequently. PMID- 3169576 TI - A simple phase-extraction assay for chloramphenicol acyltransferase activity. AB - A simple and convenient phase extraction assay for chloramphenicol (Cm) acetyltransferase (CAT) activity has been developed, based on the enzymatic butyrylation of radiolabelled Cm. The assay is linear over two to three orders of magnitude of enzyme concentration, is highly sensitive, and substantially less expensive than all presently available alternatives. Methods for convenient CAT assay, adapted for mammalian cells, plant protoplasts, and mammalian cell culture supernatants, are described. These methods should also simplify measurement of CAT activity in other organisms, such as yeast and bacteria. In addition, a simple pre-extraction procedure is presented for purifying radiolabelled Cm which allows a 25-fold increase in sensitivity using tritiated substrates. PMID- 3169577 TI - Improved cat gene cassette for promoter analysis and genetic constructions. AB - A plasmid, pJS133, was constructed which contains a promoterless cat gene encoding chloramphenicol (Cm) acetyltransferase (CAT) conferring Cm resistance. This improved cat cassette, derived from the cat gene in plasmid pKK232-8 [Brosius, Gene 27 (1984) 151-160], offers several advantages over currently available cat cassettes. Expression of cat from this cassette reflects only transcriptional activity because of translational stops in all three reading frames, and possesses facile insertion/excision properties employing the flanking polylinker restriction sites. In plasmid pJS133, this cassette can be obtained by a single digestion with SmaI, HindIII, SalI, BamHI or PstI restriction enzymes. Additionally, 28 different cat cassettes with unique flanking restriction sites can be created by the appropriate double digestions. PMID- 3169578 TI - Short latency visual evoked potentials in functional amblyopia shown using moving topography. AB - The conduction from the eye to the visual cortex through the brainstem was investigated in 43 cases of functional amblyopia by means of moving topography of short latency visual evoked potential (SVEP). Anomaly of the SVEP such as a defect of the main component and remarkable reduction of amplitude was found in cases with severe amblyopia whose visual acuity was less than 0.5. The incidence of abnormal SVEP was recognized in 44% of anisometropic amblyopia (18 cases), 52% of strabismic amblyopia (15 cases), and 50% of deprivation amblyopia (10 cases). The results suggested a reduction of electric activity in the subcortical visual pathway including transmitting nuclei. PMID- 3169579 TI - Strabismus surgery on the nonamblyopic eye. AB - To date most surgeons operate only on the nonamblyopic eye in patients with strabismus and amblyopia with unpredictable, initial, surgical results. We present a series of 13 patients with amblyopia and strabismus plus anomalous head positions who underwent surgery on their nonamblyopic eye. The good, initial, surgical results in 77% of these patients suggest that operating on the good eye is important to dictate the final surgical results in correcting the deviation and normalizing the head position. PMID- 3169580 TI - Esotropic children with amblyopia: effects of patching on acuity. AB - The rates of improvement of acuity in response to full-time occlusion therapy of 30 esotropic patients with amblyopia were determined. The children's ages at the time of full-time patching ranged from about 3 to 10 years. In keeping with clinical experience, the rate of acuity improvement during patching was slower for older than younger patients. The age-related changes in responsiveness to patching were modeled nonlinearly to provide quantitative guidelines for management of occlusion therapy of esotropic children with amblyopia. PMID- 3169581 TI - Stereotest artifacts and the strabismus patient. AB - A new use of nonstereoscopic cues in stereopsis testing is described. It consists of alternation of fixation while observing for image jump in the disparate portions of the test target. This may enable some stereoblind strabismus patients to achieve artifactually good stereotest scores and explain those patients who appear to have gross stereopsis on the Titmus test, but are unable to perform any random-dot test of stereopsis. A new stereotest is described which does not resort to a random-dot format and yet is free from lateral displacement and alternation cues. PMID- 3169582 TI - A four-step test for diagnosis of pseudo superior oblique palsy. AB - An 8-year-old boy presented with an ocular torticollis that had appeared many months after a ptosis repair. The three-step test was positive for a superior oblique palsy. However, at the time of surgery the forced duction test showed a marked restriction in depression of the eye. These findings were duplicated before the second procedure normalized the ocular movements. The surgical microscope was of great help for the extensive dissection necessary to correct the condition. The fourth step, the forced duction test, was essential for accurate differential diagnosis between true superior oblique palsy and a mechanical hypertropia. PMID- 3169583 TI - Patient data storage and retrieval using dBASE III in a pediatric ophthalmology department. AB - Ashton Tate's dBASE III has been adapted to store patient data for both medical and administrative purposes by the Department of Ophthalmology of Children's Hospital National Medical Center. The program is run on an IBM-PC microcomputer and stored on twin Iomega 10 megabyte cartridge disks. The advantages of this system include ready availability of both software and hardware, relative ease of customization, simplicity of use, and modest cost. PMID- 3169584 TI - Lanthony desaturated panel D15 test in sickle cell patients. AB - The Lanthony D15 desaturated test was used to compare color vision in sickle cell patients with 20/20 visual acuity and peripheral lesions of sickle cell retinopathy with normal controls. Sickle cell patients had significantly higher Lanthony error scores and significantly more blue-yellow and mixed color vision defects than controls. Among patients with sickle cell anemia (SS), Lanthony and Farnsworth Munsell 100 Hue test scores were significantly correlated, and both tests showed good agreement in identifying the presence or absence of a color defect. These results suggest that the Lanthony D15 test may be a useful clinical tool to identify blue-yellow color defects, especially because of its brevity and simplicity of administration. PMID- 3169585 TI - Variability of the real dimensions of normal human optic discs. AB - Using Littmann's method for correcting the magnification of central fundus photographs, we evaluated planimetrically the color slides of 88 unselected optic discs without evidence of any optic nerve disease. High myopes (less than -8.00 diopters) had been excluded. Mean optic disc area measured 2.89 +/- 0.76 mm2 (minimum 0.86 mm2, maximum 5.39 mm2), mean cup area 0.63 +/- 0.64 mm2 (minimum 0.00 mm2, maximum 3.10 mm2) and mean neuroretinal rim area 2.26 +/- 0.58 mm2 (minimum 0.86 mm2, maximum 3.84 mm2). Horizontal disc diameter ranged from 0.91 mm to 2.42 mm (mean 1.79 +/- 0.27 mm) and vertical diameter from 1.08 mm to 2.76 mm (mean 1.97 +/- 0.29 mm). Coefficients of variation of the method's reproducibility were 0.03 for intraobserver and 0.03 for interobserver determination. Regarding the Gaussian distribution curve based on these preliminary data, microdiscs can be defined as being smaller than 1.4 mm2 (mean minus two standard deviations) and macrodiscs as being larger than 4.4 mm2 (mean plus two standard deviations). PMID- 3169586 TI - Raised intraocular pressure with topical steroids after trabeculectomy. AB - A prospective study of 87 eyes of 52 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma showed a significant steroid-induced rise in intraocular pressure in the 4 weeks after trabeculectomy in 23% of eyes. The steroid response rate was lower (17%) in those eyes that had trabeculectomy without a prior trial of medical therapy than in those who had surgery only after failure of medical therapy (36%), but this difference just failed to reach statistical significance. The responders were not significantly different from the non-responders as regards level of intraocular pressure or severity of visual field loss at diagnosis. The frequency of response was lower than that expected in the normal and in the glaucoma population and fell further in the late post-operative period when only 3 of 8 previously responsive eyes submitted to re-challenge with topical steroids showed persisting responsiveness. Topical steroids may be the commonest cause of high intraocular pressure in the first weeks or even days after trabeculectomy. Decisions about long-term supplementary medical therapy should therefore only be taken several weeks after withdrawal of the post-operative steroid drops. PMID- 3169588 TI - Nd:YAG laser photodisruption: an experimental investigation on shielding and multiple plasma formation. AB - In an ocular model plasmas were induced by Q-switched, commercially available Nd:YAG lasers that operated in low order or fundamental mode. Plasma shielding was measured and analysed in relation to energy input, number of plasmas and plasma evolution. Near breakdown threshold, attenuation or shielding of the laser beam resulting from absorption and scattering by the plasma is low and is characterized by high variability from shot to shot. More importantly, shielding does not increase when multiple plasmas are formed, possibly due to a competitive mechanism between these plasmas. Further evidence of this mechanism was obtained from measurement performed using a streak camera. The effectiveness of shielding is scarcely changed by an increase in the cone angle of the incident radiation. In the light of these experiments and other published data, safety guidelines for the clinical use of the Nd:YAG laser have been formulated. PMID- 3169587 TI - Effect of low temperatures on the metabolism of corneal cultures. AB - Whole pig corneas were stored in minimum essential medium at 4 degrees, 21 degrees, and 31 degrees C in closed flasks with sufficient air. When the corneal cultures were kept at 31 degrees C, the epithelial glucose remained below the levels of the stroma. At 21 degrees C the glucose levels remained constant at the initial values, and at 4 degrees C glucose accumulated in the epithelium. The concentration gradients for glucose between the stroma and epithelium were maintained in the natural direction only at 31 degrees C. At 4 degrees and 21 degrees C, the concentration gradients for glucose were reversed in direction from the epithelium to the stroma. Lactate production in the epithelium was higher in the cultures at 31 degrees C than at 21 degrees C, and it was much lower at 4 degrees C. The ATP levels and ATP/ADP ratios were highest at 21 degrees C, although at 31 degrees C the initially decreased ATP levels and ATP/ADP ratios recovered after 6 days of culture. The cultured corneas were markedly swollen. At 4 degrees C, no hydration control was seen. At 21 degrees and 31 degrees C, significantly less swelling was observed. Consequently, at the lower temperatures membrane barriers and pump functions might have been impaired. PMID- 3169590 TI - Reduced number of hemidesmosomes in the corneal epithelium of diabetics with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. AB - Morphometry on transmission electron micrographs of the hemidesmosomal width was related to the length of the basal plasmalemma in corneal epithelium biopsy specimens. The basal plasmalemma length occupied by hemidesmosomes showed a mean fraction of 0.227 in eight patients undergoing cataract extraction or vitrectomy for diabetic proliferative vitreoretinopathy. In seven non-diabetic control patients of comparable age and sex undergoing cataract or pterygium surgery, 0.412 of the basal plasmalemma was covered by hemidesmosomes. A reduction in hemidesmosomes (P less than 0.001) may contribute to a weakness in the adhesion of diabetic corneal epithelium to the underlying stroma. PMID- 3169589 TI - Inhibition of intraocular proliferation by homoharringtonine. An experimental study. AB - Homoharringtonine, an alkaloid indigenous to China, was studied for its effect on fibroblast growth in cell culture and on intraocular proliferation produced in rabbits by injecting homologous fibroblasts into the vitreous. The results demonstrate that homoharringtonine reduced the cell growth by 50% at a concentration of 0.005 mg/l in vitro, significantly inhibited vitreous proliferation, and prevented the occurrence of retinal detachment in vivo. Light and electron microscopy revealed no ocular toxicity in drug-treated eyes. Homoharringtonine may be of considerable value in the prevention and treatment of intraocular proliferation in patients. PMID- 3169591 TI - Evaluation of micrometric and microdensitometric methods for measuring the width of retinal vessel images on fundus photographs. AB - The width of retinal vessel images on fundus photographs was determined by projection micrometry and microdensitometry. These methods were evaluated on 12 retinal vessels using the negatives of 570-nm monochromatic fundus photographs. For projection micrometry, the intraobserver reproducibility of vessel width measurements was 1.6%-2.9%, depending upon the experience of the observer. Significant interobserver differences in the measured widths were demonstrated. For microdensitometry, three distinct measurement criteria were used. Significant differences in width as measured by the three criteria were found, but there were no interoperator differences for each criterion. The intraoperator reproducibility of vessel width measurements by microdensitometry was 2.1%-2.5%. Significant differences were found in the vessel widths determined by the micrometry and densitometry methods, and results obtained by micrometry are discussed in terms of edge-detection phenomena. PMID- 3169592 TI - Nursing home resident participation in medical decisions: perceptions and preferences. PMID- 3169593 TI - Guardianship and the elderly: a multi-perspective view of the decisionmaking process. PMID- 3169594 TI - The functional competency of elderly at risk. PMID- 3169596 TI - 41st annual scientific meeting of the Gerontological Society of America. November 18-22, 1988, San Francisco, California. Abstracts. PMID- 3169595 TI - The impact of nursing home admission agreements on resident autonomy. PMID- 3169597 TI - [Continuous monitoring of the pressure in the distal aorta during the surgical treatment of complex forms of coarctation]. PMID- 3169599 TI - [Experience with aortic valve prosthesis using the Soviet Emiks and Liks disk prostheses]. PMID- 3169598 TI - [Surgical treatment of congenital aortic valvular stenosis]. PMID- 3169600 TI - [Thrombolytic treatment of patients with thromboses of artificial heart valves (successful avelizin treatment of a female patient with thrombosis of a mitral prosthesis)]. PMID- 3169601 TI - [Late results of reconstructive operations on the mitral valve]. PMID- 3169602 TI - [Changes in the pulmonary diffusing capacity and its components in patients after mitral commissurotomy]. PMID- 3169603 TI - [Effect of mitral valve prosthesis on the structure of fluid flow in the left ventricular cavity of the heart]. PMID- 3169604 TI - [Extensive operations in stage I and II lung cancer]. PMID- 3169605 TI - [Outcome in lung resection and pulmonectomy in disseminated forms of tuberculosis]. PMID- 3169606 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the prevention and treatment of suppurative complications after operations on the lungs and pleura]. PMID- 3169607 TI - [Immediate and late results of the treatment of pyopneumothorax using temporary occlusion of the bronchi]. PMID- 3169608 TI - [Treatment of pneumo- and hemothorax in multiple rib fractures and combined trauma]. PMID- 3169609 TI - [Pathogenesis and prevention of posttraumatic pleural empyema]. PMID- 3169610 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of peacetime chest trauma]. PMID- 3169611 TI - [Roentgenokymography in the diagnosis of disorders of heart and lung function in spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 3169612 TI - [Antegrade and retrograde fiber esophagoscopy of patients with cicatricial esophageal strictures]. PMID- 3169613 TI - [Successful embolectomy from the pulmonary artery during pregnancy]. PMID- 3169614 TI - [Radical correction of the single left heart ventricle with sinistrotransposition of the aorta]. PMID- 3169615 TI - [Myxoma of the left and right sections of the heart]. PMID- 3169616 TI - [A case of lung resection for chronic abscess in a patient with lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 3169617 TI - Low rectal resection and anastomosis at the time of pelvic exenteration. AB - Twenty patients underwent a supra levator total pelvic exenteration with low rectal anastomosis for recurrent or persistent cervical carcinoma following radiotherapy. Fourteen (70%) had complete healing. Five of 9 patients with protective colostomies had complete healing while 9 of 11 without protective colostomies healed. Three of 7 patients with a rectal stump length of less than 6 cm healed while 11 of 13 whose rectal stump was 6 cm or greater experienced complete healing. Overall, 13 of the 20 patients are clinically free of disease and 8 (61%) of those enjoy life with excellent bowel continence. A low rectal anastomosis should be attempted in those patients undergoing a supralevator total pelvic exenteration. PMID- 3169618 TI - Identification of transferrin receptor in cervical and endometrial tissues. AB - The location of transferrin receptor (Tf.R) which is abundantly contained in proliferating cells and positional relationships of cells containing much Tf.R was observed on cervical and endometrial tissue sections by immunohistochemistry. In normal squamous epithelium, the parabasal cell layer was positive and the basal, intermediate, and superficial cell layers negative. This shows that the cells of the parabasal cell layer are proliferating most actively among those layers. Squamous carcinoma contained many positive cancer cells. But negative as well as positive cells were present, indicating that cancer cells proliferate under various conditions. Cancer cells infiltrating the stroma were made clear by Tf.R staining, and it became easier to identify them when only a few were present. Endometrial glandular cells in the basal layer stained only on the basal side of a cell regardless of the menstrual cycle, whereas in the functional layer glandular lumen side also stained positive in the secretory phase. Based on the present data, an immunohistochemical study of Tf.R seems useful to confirm the localization of proliferating cells and cancer cells and determine the conditions for cancer cell proliferation on the tissue sections. PMID- 3169619 TI - Prognostic significance of endometrial extension in carcinoma of the cervix. AB - A retrospective analysis of 343 consecutive patients with histologically proven carcinoma of the cervix, treated at the Ottawa General Hospital, was undertaken to evaluate the prognostic significance of endometrial extension. All these patient had a D + C as part of their work-up. Sixty-seven patients had a (+) D + C: 34/150 (23%) in Stage IB, 21/106 (20%) in Stage II, and 12/87 (14%) in Stage III. Survival was closely related to the D + C findings in early stages. In Stage IB, the 5-year survival of D + C (-) patients was 90% vs 50% in D + C (+) patients (P less than 0.003) and in Stage II, the 5-year survival was 77% and 55%, respectively (P = 0.089). There was, however, no difference in survival in Stage III patients (35% vs 29%). Pelvic failures were similar in both groups, stage for stage, but those with a (+) D + C had a higher incidence of distant metastasis. In Stage IB, distant metastases were found in 8.5% (10/116) of D + C (-) patients compared to 38% (13/34) in D + C (+) patients (P less than 0.001) and in Stage II, in 18.5% (16/85 and 33% (7/21) of the patients (P = 0.126), respectively. There was no difference in Stage III patients (28% vs 25%). This study suggests that endometrial extension is a significant prognostic factor in early stages and is associated with a higher risk of distant metastases. Management of these high risk patients is discussed. PMID- 3169620 TI - Increased frequency of complete hydatidiform mole in women with repeated abortion. AB - The association between spontaneous abortion and gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) has been investigated in a study based on 93 women with 2 consecutive (repeated) spontaneous abortions and 82 control subjects who delivered normal babies. Nine molar pregnancies were observed among 7 of the 93 cases of repeated abortion while no control reported previous GTD. This difference was statistically significant and was not explained by allowance for age and number of pregnancies between cases and controls (chi 2(1) = 4.20; P = 0.04). When the observed number (9) of hydatidiform mole in the 385 pregnancies of the women with repeated abortion was compared with the expected one (0.28) based on the regional frequency data, the estimated relative risk was 32.1 with a 95% confidence interval from 13.9 to 63.3. The present findings confirm the association between GTD and spontaneous abortion and indicate that the risk is larger in women with repeated abortions. PMID- 3169621 TI - Disseminated granulomatous disease (BCGosis) following chemoimmunotherapy for ovarian carcinoma. AB - The use of BCG (bacille Calmette Guerin) in conjunction with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents has been advocated in patients with ovarian carcinoma. We describe a patient with stage III, grade I, endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary treated with cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and BCG. Following one course of therapy she presented with an elevated temperature, purpuric skin rash, abnormal liver function tests and hematological indices, and multiple organ failure resulting in sepsis and death. At autopsy, disseminated noncaseating granulomas were found in the lungs, hilar lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. Metastatic carcinoma was not present in these organs. This report describes the rapid onset of a disseminated BCG infection (BCGosis) in a patient with ovarian carcinoma receiving chemoimmunotherapy. Clinical recognition of BCGosis in immunocompromised patients is difficult but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with unexplained febrile illness, functional abnormalities in multiple organ systems, and a history of immunotherapy with BCG. Appropriate specimen collection is emphasized. PMID- 3169622 TI - Vagino-peritoneal fistula from a cervical carcinoma. AB - Locally advanced cervical carcinoma may present with a recto-vaginal or a vesico vaginal fistula but these are more commonly complications following surgery, radiation, or combination therapy for advanced disease. A vagino-peritoneal fistula in a patient with a cervical carcinoma at initial presentation is reported. The method of confirming the diagnosis, problems of stage allocation, and management are discussed. PMID- 3169624 TI - Elevated CA 125 serum levels in epithelial ovarian cancer metastatic to retroperitoneal lymph nodes. PMID- 3169625 TI - Establishment and characterization of a human ovarian endodermal sinus tumor cell line--producing specific type of alpha-fetoprotein subfraction. PMID- 3169623 TI - Successful treatment of primary endodermal sinus tumor of the endometrium. AB - Endodermal sinus tumor (EST) arising in the endometrium is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm. To the authors' knowledge, this is only the second report of an EST arising in this location. The tumor was exophytic, 2.4 cm in diameter, and was located in the fundus uteri. It had infiltrated the circumambient endometrium slightly. Preoperative serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were markedly elevated, 1580 ng/ml. The patient received a simple abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy followed by combination chemotherapy consisting of vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide. To date, there has been no evidence of tumor recurrence, and serum AFP titers, which had returned to normal 7 weeks after surgery, continue to remain within normal limits. We believe this is the first successful treatment of a documented case of primary EST of the endometrium. PMID- 3169626 TI - [Motility of spermatozoa and its significance for fertilization in vivo and in vitro]. PMID- 3169628 TI - K cell activity is low in newborn infants. AB - K cell activity of 18 mature, healthy newborns was measured against O,Rh(D) positive erythrocytes, sensitized by anti-D antibodies, in cord and venous blood (later obtained 3-4 days after delivery). 53 healthy women served as controls. Activity was determined as a function of target cell number in the enzyme-like kinetic model of cytotoxicity. It was low in cord blood, increased in venous blood by days 3-4 but it did not reach the level of adults. While cytotoxic activity of male infants increased significantly from birth to the 3rd-4th day of life, it did not change in female infants. No correlation was found between the weight and K cell activity of newborns. PMID- 3169627 TI - Pulsatility index and its relationship to placental vascular resistance during partial umbilical venous occlusion: a study in fetal lambs. AB - To study the effect of partial occlusion of the umbilical vein upon umbilical artery velocity waveforms, 4 chronically instrumented pregnant sheep have been subjected to measurement of the relevant haemodynamic parameters, i.e. the arterial inflow pressure, placental venous outflow pressure (Pv), venous blood flow (Quv) and arterial blood velocity waveform. The pulsatility index (PI) of the velocity waveform increases significantly for a Quv reduction of 40% or more (p less than 0.05). The Quv correlates well with the PI (r = 0.61) and the Pv (r = 0.71). The correlation between fetal heart rate (FHR) and Quv, FHR and PI is 0.75 and 0.64, respectively. The placental vascular resistance (R) can be calculated using the Poiseuille equation. There is not significant correlation between R and PI. It can be concluded that the increase in PI in the umbilical artery during partial venous occlusion is very likely caused by an increased Pv rather than a change in R. PMID- 3169629 TI - Skeletal maturation in streak gonad syndrome. AB - Skeletal ages of patients with streak gonad syndrome were determined by the Schinz and TW2 methods as well as by bone scans. Seventy-three subjects were examined. They were classified according to their chromosomal complement, body height, chronological age and previous hormonal treatment. Retarded bone age was a common finding on the hand, wrist, hip, knees and spine with significant coexistence; however, the extent of delay in skeletal maturation on various bones differed considerably. There was no significant correlation between bone age and chronological age, karyotype, body height and previous hormonal replacements, respectively. This finding suggests that retarded skeletal maturity in streak gonad syndrome is neither the consequence of estrogen deficiency nor due to sex chromosome abnormalities and probably is not dependent on growth hormone secretion. Its pathogenesis appears to be multifactorial and remains to be determined. PMID- 3169631 TI - Clinical usefulness of determination of CA 125 levels in the serum and menstrual blood. AB - We measured CA 125 levels in sera and menstrual blood of subjects with a normal ovulatory cycle and in those with endometriosis. Serum CA 125 levels were higher in the latter, in each phase of the menstrual cycle. The CA 125 levels in patients with endometriosis, particularly those with adenomyosis, tend to be higher than in those with a normal ovulatory cycle. We propose that measurement of CA 125 in the menstrual blood may be able to help distinguishing adenomyosis from myoma uteri and may also help in assessing clinical endometriosis. PMID- 3169630 TI - Adrenoceptor function in female genital tract. AB - The function of adrenoceptors in the female genital tract was tested estimating the uptake of 3H-noradrenaline (3H-NA) in vitro in oviductal, uterine arterial and myometrial tissue samples obtained from 74 women. The highest 3H-NA value, 64 +/- 5 ng/g, was in the oviduct (p less than 0.001 vs. uterine artery and myometrium). The uterine isthmus showed some higher uptake capacity for 3H-NA than did the uterine fundus: 24 +/- 2 vs. 20 +/- 1 ng/g, respectively (p less than 0.05). No difference was found between the 3H-NA values for the proliferative and the secretory phase in tissues examined. High concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone effectively inhibited the 3H-NA uptake (p less than 0.05-0.001). Inhibition was greatest in the oviduct and lowest in the uterine fundus and weaker at the lower concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone. PMID- 3169632 TI - Prolactin levels in blood from the intervillous space of the human placenta. AB - The secretory products of the human placenta are released in the intervillous space (IS), which also represents the main site of maternal-fetal exchange. This compartment, however, has not been studied in terms of prolactin (PRL) metabolism during gestation. In the present study we determined PRL levels in maternal peripheral (MP) blood, in blood from the IS and in blood from the umbilical artery (UA) and vein (UV) of 24 clinically normal parturients and their concepti. PRL levels in MP plasma (means = 111.7 +/- 5.5 ng/ml) did not differ significantly (p greater than 0.05) from those in IS plasma (means = 131.6 +/- 64.3 ng/ml). PRL levels in UA plasma (means = 206.2 +/- 67.5 ng/ml) also showed no significant difference (p greater than 0.05) from those in UV plasma (means = 243.8 +/- 86.1 ng/ml) but both were significantly higher than MP and IS plasma levels (p less than 0.01). These data permit us to conclude that the placenta may not be the source of PRL circulating in maternal peripheral blood. PMID- 3169633 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma antigen in patients with cancer of the uterine cervix. AB - The serum concentrations of the tumor-associated antigen SCC were determined in 62 patients with invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Antigen values above 2.0 ng/ml were considered as slightly positive, and those above 4.0 ng/ml as highly positive. Pretherapeutic levels were elevated (greater than 2.0 ng/ml) in 68% of the patients with cervical carcinoma. In 49 patients with carcinoma in situ, 18% of the SCC values were above the normal range. The greatest incidence of positive SCC titers (84%) was observed in women with recurrent cervical carcinoma. Only 6.7% of women in remission had elevated titers. Five of 24 cases (21%) with invasive endometrial carcinoma had SCC values exceeding 2.0 ng/ml. Slightly positive levels of tumor antigen were seen in 1.8% (1/56) of the control subjects. Serial SCC determinations revealed a correlation with the clinical course of disease in 84%. The determination of SCC is useful for the surveillance of patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 3169635 TI - [The ulnar flap]. AB - A new skin or fascial flap is described, based on the dorsal ulnar artery. In hundred fresh cadaveric forearms this vessel was constant with a diameter of 1 to 1.3 mm, passing dorsally from the ulnar artery deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. It supplies the skin and the fascia in the distal two thirds of the ulnar side of the forearm (length from 9 to 20 cm; width 1.5 to 10 cm). A flap based on this vessel can cover defects of the dorsal and palmar aspects of the hand and wrist, the thenar and the hypothenar eminence. It can be used as a fascial flap to avoid fibrosis around the median nerve and the tendons. The authors show the anatomy and some clinical cases. PMID- 3169634 TI - Screening in pregnancy with unconjugated serum estriol compared with urinary estriol. AB - The diagnostic value of estriol determinations in high-risk pregnancies is frequently discussed in the literature. Estriol levels of urine and serum samples of 48 asymptomatic pregnant women were analyzed using direct radioimmunoassay. A correlation was found (r = 0.5997) between urine and serum samples, nevertheless the correlation was stronger (r = 0.8278) if 4 cases with extreme deviation were omitted. In these cases the serum estriol levels were high and the urine estriol levels were low. The outcome of the pregnancies was without any complication. Our observations suggest that determination of unconjugated serum estriol levels is more reliable in the monitoring of high-risk pregnancies, since they do not depend on renal and hepatic functions. PMID- 3169637 TI - [Pisotriquetral osteoarthritis]. AB - Isolated osteoarthritis of the pisotriquetral joint is rare and can be as disabling as osteoarthritis of any other joint. The authors report on two cases, one in both hands. With typical anamnesis, exact clinical investigation, proper positioning during radiological examination and intraarticular application of anaesthetics, the diagnosis can be easily confirmed. If conservative therapy is unsuccessful, relief of pain can be obtained by excision of the pisiform bone. The biomechanical importance of the pisiform bone in its relation to the flexor carpi ulnaris is discussed. PMID- 3169638 TI - [Unusual healing of tendon sheath tuberculosis by intercurrent streptococcal phlegmon]. AB - Tuberculosis of the flexor tendon sheaths in western industrial countries is rare. The author presents a case with an exceptional course and an unexpected outcome. A sixty-five year old woman suffered from tuberculosis of the flexor tendon sheath of her little finger. Appropriate tuberculostatic treatment was impossible due to damage of liver cells by chronic hepatitis. An open wound with positive cultures of mycobacterium tuberculosis persisted over eight months despite local and systemic treatment. It was only after an incidental streptococcal infection of the wound--resembling an erysipelas--that the tuberculous germs disappeared. The result was rapid healing with return of limited but useful function of the hand. PMID- 3169639 TI - [Compression of the median nerve by chondrosarcoma of the hand]. AB - The authors report a case of median nerve compression due to a chondrosarcoma of the wrist. A 30 year-old right handed man complained of typical symptoms of median nerve compression. X-ray examination showed normal findings. During operation a more proximal lumbrical origin was the only abnormal finding. After nerve decompression pain relief was prompt. Six months later the patient again complained of symptoms of median nerve compression. Now X-ray examination showed scattered punctuate calcific densities of dystrophic calcification. The tumor was histologically shown to be a chondrosarcoma. It was treated by wide local excision and radiation therapy. PMID- 3169636 TI - [Lengthening middle hand and finger segment stumps by external distraction devices following traumatic amputations and in congenital abnormalities]. AB - Since November 1984, lengthening of metacarpals and digital phalanges by a distraction apparatus has been performed in six metacarpal bones and four phalangeal bones in nine patients (four females, five males). The age ranged from 14 to 59 years (average 36). The follow-up period was from two to 28 months (average 16). Lengthening was performed by two kinds of external distraction devices, the Ikuta external fixateur for metacarpals and the mini-Hoffmann-device for phalanges. The achieved elongation of the metacarpal bones varied from 26 mm to 30 mm (average 28.8 mm), and of the digital phalanges from 10 mm to 17 mm (average 13.5 mm). During the operation, the bone was distracted primarily about 5 mm and thereafter it was gradually distracted at a rate of 0.5 to 1 mm per day. Blood supply and subjective complaints were examined carefully. During distraction, following complications were observed: Fracture of grafted bone, necrosis of free grafted skin, rupture of a tendon with neglected lesion and delayed spontaneous bone union between the fragments. It is emphasized that skin, tendons, and other soft tissues around the thumb and fingers to be elongated should be intact and that the gap should be filled with an en-bloc bone graft. This facilitates early union in spite of a relatively short period of immobilization. Because of the relative simplicity of the method, no microsurgical technique is required. The main advantage of the procedure is that the lengthened digit retains its original sensation, vascular supply and some mobility. It is a useful procedure especially when a patient does not want to sacrifice another digit. PMID- 3169640 TI - [A rare cause of spontaneous rupture of the tendon of the extensor pollicis longus muscle]. AB - Spontaneous rupture of extensor tendons often occurs with rheumatoid disease. Ruptures also occur after fractures of the wrist. The author reports a spontaneous rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon after removal of the trapezium. This occurrence has not previously been described. PMID- 3169641 TI - The first finding of the tapeworm Proteocephalus macrocephalus (Creplin, 1825) (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) in Czechoslovakia. PMID- 3169642 TI - Granulinema gen. n. a new dracunculoid genus with two new species (G. carcharhini sp. n. and G. simile sp. n.) from the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes), from Louisiana, USA. AB - Two new species of dracunculoid nematodes, G. carcharhini sp. n. and G. simile sp. n., representing a new genus Granulinema gen. n. (Dracunculoidea: Micropleuridae) are described from the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, from Louisiana (Lake Borgne), USA; the site of their localization in the host is unknown (probably abdominal cavity). The nematodes of both species were found in tissue juice and only males, juvenile females and body fragments of more advanced but nongravid females were obtained. Granulinema gen. n. differs from Micropleura, the only other genus in the family Micropleuridae, mainly by the presence of marked, dark excretory corpuscles in lateral excretory canals, pointed tail in females, greater number (6) of postanal pairs of caudal papillae in males, and by the presence of conspicuous transverse cuticular ornamentations on the body surface of mature females. The two new species can be easily distinguished from each other by the length of their spicules (0.78-0.90 mm in G. carcharhini sp. n. and 0.20-0.36 mm in G. simile sp. n.); moreover, there are two pairs of preanal papillae in the male of G. carcharhini sp. n., while there are three pairs in G. simile sp. n. PMID- 3169644 TI - Intestinal helminthic infections of cats in Calabar, Nigeria. AB - A study of intestinal helminthic infections of 52 cats (Felis catus) was undertaken in Calabar, Nigeria. Direct smear and zinc sulphate floatation technique were utilized. The following helminths were observed: Toxocara cati (28.85%), Ancylostoma tubaeforme (19.23%), Trichuris felis (5.77%), Dipylidium caninum (23.08%) and Taenia taeniaeformis (9.61%). The worm burdens were generally low, ranging from 2 to 20 per cat. No definite pattern of infection was observed with regard to sex. Trematodes were not seen. The zoonotic and public health aspects of some of these helminths are discussed. PMID- 3169643 TI - Revision of the genus Anguillicola Yamaguti, 1935 (Nematoda: Anguillicolidae) of the swimbladder of eels, including descriptions of two new species, A. novaezelandiae sp. n. and A. papernai sp. n. AB - The genus Anguillicola is reviewed on the basis of the examination of some type specimens and other material. Two new species are described: A. novaezelandiae sp. n. from Anguilla australis (type host) from New Zealand and A. anguilla from Italy (conspecific nematodes were originally reported from Italy as A. australiensis) and A. papernai sp. n. from Anguilla mossambica from South Africa. At present the genus Anguillicola comprises the following five valid species: A. globiceps Yamaguti, 1935, A. australiensis Johnston et Mawson, 1940, A. crassus Kuwahara, Niimi et Itagaki, 1974, A. novaezelandiae sp. n., and A. papernai sp. n. Two Anguillicola species, A. crassus and A. novaezelandiae, were apparently introduced in Europe from other continents a few years ago. The genus Anguillicola is divided into two subgenera: Anguillicola (type species A. (A.) globiceps) and Anguillicoloides subgen. n. (type species A. (A.) crassus). All Anguillicola species are briefly described and illustrated. The paper is supplemented by a key to the identification of Anguillicola species. PMID- 3169645 TI - Gastrointestinal parasitoses discovered in agricultural workers in South Bohemia, Czechoslovakia. AB - In the years from 1975 to 1982 1,750 persons, mostly employed by agricultural enterprises in the South Bohemian Region in Czechoslovakia, were examined. We discovered seven species of parasites: Taenia saginata in 0.3%, Enterobius vermicularis in 10.1%, Giardia lamblia in 1.0%, Endolimax nana in 0.8%, Entamoeba coli in 0.7%, Entamoeba hartmanni in 0.2%, and Chilomastix mesnili in 0.5%. The greatest number of parasites was found in students of the Secondary agricultural and technical school. Only two species of parasites were diagnosed in children of the employees. The incidence of E. vermicularis was 75% in children, in adult employees of agricultural enterprises, however, only 9.8%. PMID- 3169647 TI - Paraquadriacanthus nasalis gen. et sp. n. (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) from Clarias lazera Cuvier et Valenciennes. AB - Paraquadriacanthus nasalis gen. et sp. n. (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) is described from the nasal cavities of the freshwater fish, Clarias lazera Cuvier et Valenciennes (Clariidae) from the River Nile near Cairo, Egypt. PMID- 3169646 TI - A contribution to the parasite fauna in winter nests of the common mole (Talpa europaea L.) and incidence of its infection with tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBE) and rickettsia Coxiella burnetii. AB - A total of 45 winter nests of the common mole (Talpa europaea L.) from the Zahorska lowland (western Slovakia) were investigated in January through March during the years 1981-1985. Seven species of fleas with the eudominant species Ctenophthalmus assimilis were found in them, the other species were subrecedent. The acarinium of the mole winter nests was composed of 19 mite species. Predominant were euryphagous species Haemogamasus nidi, H. hirsutus, Eulaelaps stabularis and Androlaelaps fahrenholzi. TBE virus was detected in samples prepared from suspensions of the mites H. nidi, H. hirsutus, Hirstionyssus talpae and A. fahrenholzi and the fleas Ct. assimilis collected in three localities: Laksarska Nova Ves, Stupava, Pernek. C. burnetii was found neither in mites nor in fleas. PMID- 3169649 TI - Analysis of mutagenic heterocyclic amines in cooked beef products by high performance liquid chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry. AB - Mutagenic activity detected in beef extracts and in fried beef heated for varying periods of time was purified and then analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The major mutagenic component found in all of the beef products was identified as 2-amino-3,8 dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) followed by lesser amounts of 2-amino-3 methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) and 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5 f]quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx). Identification and quantification of mutagens were achieved by the use of deuterium-labelled analogues. Measured levels of MeIQx and 4,8-DiMeIQx in different batches of beef extract were in the range 11.7-52.2 and 0-11.2 ng/g, respectively, and in beef heated at 275 degrees C for 5-15 min the values of MeIQx and 4,8-DiMeIQx were in the range 2.7-12.3 and 0-3.9 ng/g, respectively. The levels of IQ found in beef extracts were 0-36.8 ng/g and in fried beef the amounts were estimated at 0.3-1.9 ng/g. The method of purification is rapid, requiring only XAD-2 adsorption followed by an acid-base liquid partition against ethyl acetate and blue cotton treatment (trisulpho-copper phthalocyanine) prior to LC-MS analysis. Because of the sensitivity of LC-MS, mutagens present in cooked beef can be detected at the low parts-per-billion level and as little as 10 g of cooked beef was required for analysis. PMID- 3169648 TI - Micronucleus tests in mice on 39 food additives and eight miscellaneous chemicals. AB - A total of 47 chemical substances including 32 synthetic food additives, seven additives from natural sources, three trihalogenated methanes, two fluoro compounds for dental use, one insecticide, and two other compounds were subjected to the micronucleus test in mice. Five compounds, i.e. chlorine dioxide, maltol, potassium bromate, sodium chlorite and sodium dehydroacetate, were found to induce micronuclei after a single ip injection. Potassium bromate, sodium chlorite and sodium dehydroacetate were tested further by oral administration, and potassium bromate showed a clearly positive result. Almost all the compounds which were negative with the single treatment were additionally tested by four or five multiple treatments, but none showed any indication of micronucleus induction. PMID- 3169650 TI - The inhibitory effect of thioproline on carcinogenesis induced by N benzylmethylamine and nitrite. AB - Thioproline, which is readily nitrosated to form nitrosothioproline, is expected to act as a nitrite scavenger. The effect of thioproline as an inhibitor of the carcinogenesis induced by N-nitroso-N-benzylmethylamine precursors was examined. Two groups of male F-344 rats were given diet containing 0.25% N benzylmethylamine (group I) or 0.25% N-benzylmethylamine plus thioproline (0.25% until wk 17 and then 0.5%; group II). Both groups were given drinking-water containing sodium nitrite (0.1% until wk 17 and then 0.2%). The experiment was continued for 717 days. Squamous cell carcinoma of the forestomach developed in six out of seven rats in group I and in significantly fewer, two out of nine rats, in group II. The degree of invasion by the tumours was also less in group II rats, given thioproline, than in group I. Thus thioproline suppressed carcinogenesis induced by N-benzylmethylamine and nitrite, possibly by inhibiting the in vivo nitrosation of N-benzylmethylamine. PMID- 3169652 TI - Tissue distribution of gallium following administration of the gallium-maltol complex in the rat: a model for an aluminium-maltol complex of neurotoxicological interest. AB - The intestinal absorption and subsequent tissue distribution of aluminium-maltol, a potentially neurotoxic complex found in foods, was investigated using gallium as a marker for aluminium. Gallium or gallium-maltol labelled with 67Ga was administered orally to rats. The amount of gallium in 'blood-free' tissues was measured by correcting for gallium in residual blood and an estimate of intestinal absorption was then made by summing the values for all tissues examined. In both the test (gallium-maltol dosed) and control (gallium only dosed) experiments absorption of gallium was significantly increased in the fasted state when compared with that of the fed animals. In fasted but not in fed animals, administration of gallium-maltol doubled the amount of gallium absorbed when compared with administration of gallium alone. PMID- 3169653 TI - Aspartame--a bit of a headache? PMID- 3169651 TI - Protection against carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity by 5,10-dihydroindeno[1,2 b]indole, a potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. AB - The influence of 5,10-dihydroindeno[1,2-b]indole (indenoindole) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-mediated hepatotoxicity and lipid peroxidation were examined. Indenoindole (25 mg/kg body weight) ameliorated the increase in liver enzymes appearing in the plasma 24 hr after CCl4 administration, with about a 63% reduction for alanine transaminase, 56% for ornithine transcarbamylase and 84% for alkaline phosphatase. Indenoindole also partially prevented, in a dose dependent fashion, the decrease in hepatic cytochromes P-450, total tissue reducing equivalents and hepatic ascorbate levels resulting 4 hr after CCl4 administration. In a homogeneous chemical system consisting of purified soybean phospholipid substrate in chlorobenzene, azobisisobutyronitrile-initiated lipid peroxidation was inhibited by indeno-indole, with 50% inhibition occurring at about 17 microM. Inhibition by indenoindole of iron-ascorbate-initiated lipid peroxidation in aqueous buffer containing phospholipid vesicles was about tenfold more efficient, with 50% inhibition occurring at about 1.5 microM. Presumably, this was due to the increased concentration of indenoindole in the membrane of the phospholipid vesicle. The efficiency of inhibition of lipid peroxidation was in the order of indenoindole = butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) greater than alpha tocopherol much greater than indole greater than indene. These 50% inhibition values of lipid peroxidation for these compounds were similar in an assay system composed of NADPH-fortified mouse-liver microsomes initiated with CCl4. For indenoindole, the 50% inhibition value (1.3 microM) was more than two orders of magnitude less than the spectral binding constant for indenoindole to mouse-liver cytochrome P-450 (Kd = 236 microM), implying that the partial inhibition of metabolic activation of CCl4 was not responsible for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation observed with indenoindole in this system. It appears that indenoindole may trap reactive radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation in vitro. Regardless of whether inhibition is at the level of scavenging CCl4 metabolite radicals, or lipid radicals in membranes, radical trapping provides a plausible mechanism by which this compound inhibited CCl4 hepatotoxicity. PMID- 3169654 TI - Diet and intelligence. PMID- 3169655 TI - Tartrazine. PMID- 3169656 TI - An improved technique for measurement of the relative noise level using a sound spectrograph. PMID- 3169658 TI - [Resonance spectrum of the singing voice relative to supra- and sub-glottal pressure changes; consequences for the theory of voice production]. PMID- 3169659 TI - [Evaluation of speech perception in cochlear implant patients]. PMID- 3169657 TI - Linguistic analyses of the discourse narratives of young and aged women. PMID- 3169660 TI - Perception of hoarseness by several classes of listeners. PMID- 3169661 TI - [Growth type and anthropometric parameters of the dental arch]. PMID- 3169662 TI - [Appliance possibilities in the rehabilitation of restricted habitual mandibular movements]. PMID- 3169663 TI - [Experimental research on the effect of testosterone on skull morphogenesis in the rat]. PMID- 3169664 TI - [Corrosion behavior of different orthodontic wires]. PMID- 3169665 TI - [Hygiene questions in orthodontic practice]. PMID- 3169666 TI - [Principles for the design of the orthodontic work place]. PMID- 3169667 TI - [Orthodontic failures following overlooked orofacial dyskinesias]. PMID- 3169668 TI - [Tertiary mandibular crowding depending on the start of treatment and the methods]. PMID- 3169670 TI - [AIDS also an experimental problem. Selection of experimental animals is difficult--no new therapeutic approaches in view]. PMID- 3169669 TI - [Ileus: immediate patient admission. Paralytic and mechanical ileus-- symptoms, diagnosis, therapy]. PMID- 3169671 TI - [Medical finding: silent myocardial ischemia: how to proceed? Many parallels to stress angina--when controlled diagnosis?]. PMID- 3169672 TI - [Patient education: a part of advanced respiratory therapy]. PMID- 3169673 TI - [Lipid reduction--a pressing problem. Attention to risk patients-- in addition to diet, selection of appropriate drugs]. PMID- 3169674 TI - [Recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. Diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 3169677 TI - Franklin Maternity Hospital and Family Center and Frontier Nursing Service. A commitment to the future of nurse-midwifery. PMID- 3169676 TI - [The difference in writing disorders in primary agraphia and congenital dyslexia and their clinical relevance]. AB - If after a brain injury reading and writing disturbances persist, the question is: primary agraphia or writing disorders due to dyslexia? If the anamnesis cannot answer this question, a decision is possible by means of four essential differences between writing disorders on the background of primary agraphia and those associated with dyslexia: 1. Agraphic persons correct their mistakes, dyslectics do not. 2. The word formations (paragraphias) due to primary agraphia do not bear close phonetical resemblances, whereas word formations by dyslectic persons are plainly phonetical. 3. Agraphics persevere, dyslectics do not. 4. In primary agraphia, the patient will also show difficulties in writing numbers; in a dyslectic disorder, he/she will not. PMID- 3169675 TI - [Minimal brain dysfunction--on the revision of a clinical concept. Clinical data of a total pediatric and adolescent psychiatric patient population]. AB - After a discussion of the changes of the MCD concept over the years, the authors describe their own investigation of a total sample of 3280 children, attending outpatient and inpatient facilities of three counties with a total population of 574,000 inhabitants. The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency, sex distribution, and social class dependency of the MCD-diagnosis and its relationship to clinical-psychiatric syndromes. The following results were obtained: There is a strong correlation of MCD-diagnosis with age, sex, and social class. MCD was most frequently diagnosed in the age groups of 3-6, 6-9 and 9-12 years, being twice as frequent in boys than in girls and dominating among the lower social classes. The frequency of MCD in the total sample was 11%, taking into consideration all age-classes. MCD was significantly associated only with two psychiatric syndromes: conduct disorders and hyperkinetic syndrome. There was no correlation with emotional disorders or neurosis, however, a very strong one with specific delays in development, defined according to the multiaxial classification system. 72% of the children diagnosed as MCD-children revealed specific delays in development. But this high correlation was caused only by two conditions: developmental speech/language disorders and specific motor retardation. There was no correlation between MCD and specific reading retardation nor with other specific learning difficulties or mixed developmental disorders. Future research in this field should look upon the so-called MCD more in terms of general developmental delays than in terms of brain pathology. PMID- 3169678 TI - Exercise left ventricular performance in patients with mitral valve prolapse. AB - Patients with mitral valve prolapse may, even in the absence of associated coronary artery disease or significant mitral regurgitation, have abnormality in exercise left ventricular function. The precise reason for this abnormality, which appears to be age and sex related, is not clear. Abnormal ejection fraction response to exercise cannot be predicted by the nature of symptoms, electrocardiographic changes, arrhythmias, or by extent and severity of mitral valve prolapse by echocardiography. Caution should therefore be exercised in diagnosing associated coronary artery disease based on the ejection fraction response to exercise per se or even on exercise-induced wall motion abnormality. Patients with prolapse, have reduced exercise tolerance, which has been ascribed to reduced left ventricular filling and smaller left ventricular end-diastolic volume in the upright position. Patients with mitral valve prolapse and associated coronary artery disease or significant mitral regurgitation often have, as expected, abnormal left ventricular function during exercise. PMID- 3169679 TI - Flosequinan induces hemodynamic improvement in heart failure complicating acute myocardial infarction. AB - The hemodynamic effects of a single dose of flosequinan, a new balanced vasodilator, were studied in twelve patients with severe acute onset heart failure complicating acute myocardial infarction. Flosequinan was added to conventional therapy within 3.8 +/- 0.5 days of the infarction, in the form of a single oral dose of 100 mg in ten of the patients. In the remaining two, reinfarction developed on the sixth day and they received flosequinan immediately thereafter. Hemodynamic monitoring was performed for four hours after the administration, without any other drug being given. Flosequinan produced hemodynamic improvement in all patients. The effect peaked at one to two hours and remained at this level at four hours. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased from 27.4 +/- 5.0 to 16.5 +/- 2.9 mm Hg and cardiac output increased from 3.5 +/- 0.3 to 4.1 +/- 0.4 l/min (p less than 0.001 for both). Pulmonary arterial and right atrial pressures and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances were also significantly reduced. Heart rate was not significantly altered (from 84.0 +/- 4.5 to 87.4 +/- 4.6). Mean systemic arterial pressure was slightly reduced. Administration of flosequinan was not associated with any adverse effects and the hemodynamic effect was not related to the pre-treatment serum sodium concentration. We concluded that flosequinan can produce acute hemodynamic improvement in patients with heart failure, complicating acute myocardial infarction. The drug is well tolerated. PMID- 3169680 TI - The effect of diabetes on phosphatidylinositol turnover and calcium influx in myocardium. AB - Diabetes was induced in rats by administration of streptozotocin. Diabetes occurred within 24 h after treatment. Two forms of diabetes were studied, an acute form (4 days) and a chronic form (2 months). In a separate experiment the effect of insulin and an aldose reductase inhibitor on acute diabetes was studied. Phosphoinositide labelling was done in biopsies of heart with [3H] myo inositol. It was shown that the incorporation of myo-inositol amounted to about 65% in acute diabetes and 80% in chronic diabetes compared to age-matched controls. The incorporation both in atria and ventricles was affected in a similar way. Muscarinic receptor-mediated phosphatidylinositol breakdown and release of myo-Ins-1 P (myo-inositol 1-phosphate) was unaffected in diabetic hearts in the chronic model. In hearts of diabetic ketotic animals uncoupling of the muscarinic receptor from the phosphoinositide metabolism was apparent. Calcium net influx was significantly reduced in both acute and chronic diabetes compared to age-matched controls. Insulin supplementation to acute diabetic animals significantly improved phosphoinositide labelling with [3H] myo-inositol. No improvement was seen in calcium transport. An aldose reductase inhibitor also facilitated phosphoinositide labelling without improving calcium transport. It is suggested that phosphoinositide metabolism and calcium entry through the slow inward current are independent of one another and the former is sensitive to insulin. It is suggested that insulin by regulating the pool of phosphoinositides and release of endogenous calcium may modulate cardiac function. PMID- 3169681 TI - Hepatic and adipose tissue lipogenesis as related to age and thyroid status in the rat. AB - We have previously reported that, in the rat, chronic thyroxine (T4) treatment induced a transient adipose tissue hyperplasia and that, in preadipocytes cultures, lipogenesis as well as adipose conversion were enhanced by triiodothyronine. Therefore we looked for the possibility of a relationship between in vivo stimulation of adipose tissue lipogenesis and the stimulation of fat cell recruitment by thyroid hormones. Hepatic and adipose tissue de novo lipogenesis were estimated by the incorporation of 3H2O into lipids in rats of various ages made slightly hyperthyroid by daily injections of T4 (0.2 microgram/g/day) from birth. Hepatic and adipose tissue lipogenesis were increased at 3 and 6 weeks of age, no stimulation being observed when animals get older. 21 week-old animals were therefore acutely treated with 0.2 or 2 micrograms T4/g/day. In this case, only the high T4 dose was able to induce a consistent lipogenesis stimulation in liver and in retroperitoneal adipose tissue and failed to induce it in epididymal adipose tissue. These results pointed out that thyroid hormones can stimulate lipogenesis both in liver and adipose tissue. However, there is an age related fall in the sensitivity to thyroid hormones for lipogenesis stimulation, not only in the liver, but also and more pronounced in adipose tissue, in parallel to that observed in vivo for adipose differentiation; moreover, this decreased sensitivity seems to be accelerated by a long lasting hyperthyroidal state. PMID- 3169682 TI - Laron dwarfism: cellular unresponsiveness to GH demonstrated on cultured lymphocytes by a cytochemical method. AB - The response to growth hormone (GH) of cultured lymphocytes from three patients with Laron dwarfism (LD), one subject with growth hormone deficiency and a normal adult volunteer was examined by employing the cytochemical method of selective silver staining that evidentiates the chromosomal sites of those gene clusters (Nucleolus Organizers, NOs) which are actively involved in rRNA transcription. Lymphocytes from the normal donor responded to GH administration with a significant increase of the mean number of silver positive NOs per cell as well as lymphocytes from the growth hormone deficient patient (P less than 0.001). No response to GH administration was observed in lymphocytes from any of the three subjects with LD. These results suggest that the technique of selective silver staining of NOs can be usefully applied to the study of those growth disorders in which a peripheral unresponsiveness to GH is suspected, as demonstrated by data obtained on lymphocytes from patients with LD. This method seems to offer considerable potentialities for studying the cellular response also to other hormones and environmental stimuli. PMID- 3169683 TI - The spleen in Hodgkin's disease. An immunohistochemical study of lymphocyte subpopulations and macrophages. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations and macrophages in 16 spleens from patients with Hodgkin's disease were analysed immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies of the Leu and the Ki M series. In non-involved splenic tissue there is an increase of T-lymphocytes with an increased T-helper/T-suppressor cell ratio, while Ki M-1, -2, -3 and -5-positive, i.e. phenotypically different macrophages, are reduced. These results indicate that involvement of the spleen in Hodgkin's disease is accompanied by changes with respect not only to lymphocyte subpopulations but also to cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. The immunodeficiency associated with Hodgkin's disease is probably not solely due to lymphocyte dysfunction, since the disease may lead, at least in the spleen, to alterations in macrophages and accessory cells and this may contribute to the impairment of cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 3169684 TI - Paraffin section immunohistochemistry. II. Hodgkin's disease and large cell anaplastic (Ki1) lymphoma. AB - A panel of antibodies that recognize antigens that survive fixation and conventional processing have been applied to 43 cases of Hodgkin's disease and five cases of large cell anaplastic lymphoma. Reed-Sternberg cells in all five cases of nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease were positive with leucocyte common (CD45) and B-cell antibodies, and negative with LeuM1 (CD15) and BerH2 (CD30) antibodies. In other types of Hodgkin's disease, Reed-Sternberg cells were positive with BerH2 in all cases, positive with LeuM1 in 63% of cases (with enzymic predigestion), positive with at least one B-cell antibody in 29% of cases and positive for CD45 in 8% of cases. In 19% of all cases, Reed-Sternberg cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen and in 93% they were positive with TAL1B5 (anti-class II MHC). No case showed immunoreactivity with anti-T-cell antibodies. The patterns of immunoreactivity of large cell anaplastic lymphoma were similar, except that none was positive with B-cell antibodies and three were positive with T-cell antibodies. All five were positive with BerH2 (CD30) and TAL1B5. Comparison of the results with those seen in other cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma indicates that, with the currently available reagents, this immunohistological profile cannot be used as the sole diagnostic discriminant of these conditions; this must still be based upon careful morphological assessment. PMID- 3169685 TI - Epithelial membrane antigen expression by the perineurium of peripheral nerve and in peripheral nerve tumours. AB - Specimens of normal peripheral nerve and a series of peripheral nerve lesions have been immunostained with three different anti-epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) monoclonal antibodies. Sites of EMA immunoreactivity have been confirmed within perineurial cells of peripheral nerve, noted within the capsule of Schwannomas and palisaded encapsulated neuromas, and also detected with traumatic neuromas and plexiform neurofibromas. No expression was detected within simple neurofibromas, diffuse neurofibromas or within malignant Schwannomas. These sites of EMA expression concur with the suggested involvement of perineurial cells in the formation of the particular lesions. The relationship between EMA expression by the perineurium and the piaarachnoid membrane is discussed. PMID- 3169686 TI - Giant pigmented tumour of the scalp--a diffuse neurofibroma or a congenital naevus showing neurofibromatous changes? Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies. AB - A case of giant pigmented tumour of the scalp which developed in a 47-year-old woman is reported. Macroscopically, the tumour showed a peculiar two-layered structure, consisting of an upper non-pigmented and a lower pigmented portion. Histologically, it was composed of elongated neurofibromatous tumour cells with abundant collagen fibres in the non-pigmented portion and round naevus-like cells with abundant melanin pigment in the pigmented portion. S-100 protein and neurone specific enolase were demonstrated in most of the tumour cells, but neurofilament and myelin basic protein were not detected. Electron microscopy revealed melanosomes in the tumour cells of the pigmented portion. These findings might support a melanocytic origin for the tumour, but the lack of superficial pigmentation and the associated hair loss were against this. The tumour may represent an example of duality of neural crest differentiation. PMID- 3169687 TI - Conjunctival biopsy in Sjogren's syndrome: correlations between histological and immunohistochemical features. AB - We have examined conjunctival biopsies from nine primary and two secondary cases of Sjogren's syndrome. In all cases histopathological examination revealed metaplasia of the conjunctival epithelium associated with a reduced number of goblet cells and a polymorphic inflammatory cell infiltrate of the stroma. Using monoclonal antibodies with texture analysis of stained preparations we have shown that in all cases the lymphocytic infiltrate was predominantly T-cell but with substantial numbers of IgA and IgG secretory B-cells in three cases. The number of Langerhans cells present was reduced in biopsies showing the most marked degree of epithelial metaplasia. PMID- 3169688 TI - Mitotic phase distribution in oral epithelial hyperplasia and neoplasia. AB - Assessment of mitotic phase distribution in oral epithelial lesions has shown closely similar features in two categories of hyperplastic condition. By contrast, squamous cell carcinomas showed a significantly different mitotic phase distribution with an increased proportion of metaphases suggesting delay or blockage at this phase. Squamous cell papillomas showed an increased proportion of prometaphase mitoses. PMID- 3169689 TI - Cavernous haemangioma of breast in a man with contralateral gynaecomastia and a family history of breast carcinoma. AB - A 73-year-old man with a cavernous haemangioma of the right breast is presented. The patient had had gynaecomastia of the left breast 8 years earlier. Prior to that he had been on cimetidine for 2 years. The patient's mother and sister had breast carcinomas, while two other sisters and a brother had carcinomas of kidney, uterus and lung respectively. PMID- 3169690 TI - A fallopian tube lesion of borderline malignancy associated with pseudo-myxoma peritonei. PMID- 3169691 TI - Benign axillary epithelial lymph node inclusions--a histological pitfall. AB - We present two cases of axillary epithelial lymph node inclusions in the presence of benign and malignant breast disease. Although the presence of lymph node inclusions is well recognized at other sites in the body, their presence in the axillary nodes of women with breast disease necessitates close attention. This is particularly true in women with malignant breast disease as misinterpretation may lead to inappropriate treatment. PMID- 3169692 TI - Apocrine carcinoma and apocrine metaplasia. PMID- 3169693 TI - Frozen section appearances simulating invasive lobular carcinoma in breast tissue adjacent to inflammatory lesions and biopsy sites. PMID- 3169694 TI - Psychobiology of sexual behavior in a whiptail lizard, Cnemidophorus inornatus. AB - This study investigated the effects of social environment on gonadal recrudescence and sexual behavior in male and female Little Striped Whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus inornatus). The presence of sexually active males facilitates ovarian recrudescence in conspecific females. Similarly, the presence of reproductively active females facilitates testicular recrudescence in conspecific males. Males housed with females, however, had lower average circulating concentrations of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, and higher average concentrations of corticosterone compared to intact males housed in isolation. In other studies, the presence of reproductively active females partially restored courtship behavior in castrated males compared to castrated males housed in isolation. Despite the stimulatory effects of females on castrates, exogenous androgens are required for complete restoration of all components of sexual behavior in male C. inornatus. Females are receptive to male courtship and copulatory behavior only during the vitellogenic stages; females in previtellogenic or postovulatory ovarian stages aggressively reject male courtship advances. These findings demonstrate reciprocal effects of sexual behaviors of males and females upon each other's reproductive behavior and physiology. PMID- 3169695 TI - Progesterone facilitation of lordosis in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats following priming with estradiol pulses. AB - Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats rarely exhibit progesterone-facilitated lordosis following steroid treatments which are effective in females. In contrast, progesterone-facilitated lordosis has been observed following priming with estradiol pulses in another strain. The aim of this study was to compare progesterone-facilitated feminine sexual behavior in adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats following priming with estradiol benzoate (EB) or estradiol pulses. Female sexual behavior was measured in adult, gonadectomized males and females treated as follows: Two pulses of estradiol followed by progesterone or oil the next day; EB (two doses) for 3 days, and progesterone or oil the next day. These protocols were repeated at 4- or 6-day intervals, respectively. Progesterone-facilitated lordosis was observed consistently in both sexes treated with estradiol pulses. By the fifth test, lordosis quotients did not differ between the sexes, but the lordosis ratings in progesterone-treated males remained lower than those observed in females. Proceptivity (hop-darting) was facilitated by progesterone in females, but was never observed in males. Lordosis was induced in both sexes by 15 micrograms EB, but was not reliably facilitated by progesterone. Treatment with the lower dose of EB (1.5 micrograms) induced high levels of receptivity in females (occasionally facilitated by progesterone), but not in males regardless of subsequent treatment (i.e, progesterone or oil). These data suggest that progesterone-facilitated lordosis can be induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats, if a regimen of estradiol pulses is used. Thus, the brain of the adult male is not inflexibly differentiated with regard to progesterone facilitation of feminine receptive behavior. PMID- 3169696 TI - Alarm signals in birds: the role of testosterone. AB - In the laboratory and under semi-naturalistic conditions, male domestic fowl (Gallus gallus) produce more alarm calls in response to predatory birds flying overhead than females. This study tests the hypothesis that testosterone is a factor in the control of aerial alarm call production. Birds were castrated early in life and tested as adults in the laboratory. Aerial predators were simulated by cardboard silhouettes drawn overhead. Blood samples were taken at intervals and plasma testosterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Each subject was tested in four conditions: with an empty Silastic implant, with a testosterone-filled implant, with an additional testosterone implant, and after removal of the implants. Results show that the presence of testosterone increases the production of aerial alarm calls, and that removal of the hormone supply results in a drop in calling rate. As a control a second vocal system, food calling, was considered. In contrast with alarm calling, there was no correlation between testosterone levels and variation in food-call production. We conclude that testosterone plays a specific role in activation of the production by cockerels of vocalizations that signal the presence of aerial predators. PMID- 3169697 TI - Sex differences in the inhibition by ATD of testosterone-activated mounting behavior in guinea pigs. AB - Adult male and female guinea pigs from a genetically heterogeneous stock were gonadectomized and tested for mounting behavior before and during various treatments with testosterone cypionate (TC) alone or in combination with an aromatase inhibitor, 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD). ATD was implanted subdermally in Silastic capsules (either 1 or 2 in females; 2 or 3 in males). In females 2 capsules of ATD completely blocked the behavioral effects of TC, and 1 capsule was an effective blocker in 58% of the females. The blocking effect was reversed by injection of diethylstilbestrol. In males, there was no measurable effect of ATD on mounting activity even when 3 capsules were implanted. Moreover, the TC induction of higher components of male sexual behavior (intromission and ejaculation) was also not impaired by ATD. Results are interpreted as indicating that either the process of male sexual differentiation or the male genotype eliminates the requirement for aromatization in androgenic activation of sexual behavior. PMID- 3169699 TI - Deterioration of male sexual behavior in rats by the new prolactin-secreting tumor 7315b. AB - The effects of hyperprolactinemia on male copulatory behavior in adult male and female rats were studied. Hyperprolactinemia was induced by the transplantable purely prolactin-secreting tumor 7315b. Male rats were castrated and received testosterone-filled capsules of different sizes which induced normal and subnormal testosterone levels. After sexual training the rats of the experimental groups were inoculated with tumor 7315b. Three weeks after tumor-inoculation high prolactin levels (2000-30000 ng/ml) were found. During this hyperprolactinemia ejaculation latency increased significantly, while the mount frequency and intromission frequency remained unchanged. Only 9 out of 22 rats ejaculated 19 days after inoculation. Moreover, it appeared that the inhibitory effect of the tumor was as strong in the presence of normal (2.33 +/- 0.07 ng/ml) as in the presence of low (0.35 +/- 0.01 ng/ml) testosterone levels. The inhibitory effect of tumor 7315b on copulatory behavior was not influenced by adrenalectomy. In gonadectomized female rats bearing testosterone-filled capsules tumor 7315b induced prolactin levels of about 2000 ng/ml and an almost complete cessation of mounts and intromission patterns 4 weeks after tumor-inoculation. It was concluded that tumor 7315b causes a strong inhibitory effect on male copulatory behavior in male and female rats and that this effect is not influenced by the presence of normal or low testosterone levels or removal of the adrenals, suggesting a direct effect of prolactin on brain functions. PMID- 3169698 TI - Partner preference behavior of estrous female rats affected by castration of tethered male incentives. AB - Estrous female rats were allowed to interact with either of two tethered intact male rats or to stay in an empty middle part of a three-compartment observation cage during a 60-min test. Sexual interactions occurred with both males (resulting in one to five ejaculations) but most time was spent in the empty compartment. After castration of one of the males, females spent more time with this male than with the intact male, although sexual interactions continued with both incentive animals. This "preference" for the castrated male persisted through the second hour of observation in a second experiment (total test time 115 min) although sexual interactions had virtually ceased during this period. Females' preference for castrated males seemed largely the consequence of aversion to genital stimulation received during intromissions by intact animals: (a) when intromissions were prevented through vaginal occlusion, intact males became by far the preferred partners for the whole 2-hr period of testing while sexual behavior continued to occur throughout the test; (b) when choice was allowed between a testosterone-treated ovariectomized female and an intact male, sexual interaction occurred with both tethered incentive rats but the female became the preferred animal. The results suggest that two opposite tendencies play a role in sexual motivation of estrous female rats: attraction resulting from the action of ovarian hormones on the central nervous system and rejection resulting from genital sensory stimulation through the male's genitalia. PMID- 3169701 TI - Heterotypic sexual behavior in male rats after lesions in different amygdaloid nuclei. AB - Previous studies showed that different amygdaloid nuclei are involved in the control of lordosis behavior in female rats. The objective of the present study was to determine whether these nuclei played a role in the control of lordosis behavior in the male rat. Lesions were placed into different amygdaloid nuclei in male rats castrated as adults and primed with ovarian hormones. Lesions in the corticomedial amygdaloid nucleus completely suppressed lordosis behavior as expressed by the number of animals displaying lordosis responses to male mounts. By contrast extended lesions placed into the lateral amygdaloid nucleus (LN) remained without effects. Lesions placed in the very posterior part of the LN produced "hypersexuality" with a rise in the number of animals displaying lordosis responses and high LQ values. Lesions in the anterior part of the LN induced a decrease in the number of animals showing lordosis responses. The amygdala was then concluded to represent a functionally heterogeneous structure with different regions exerting opposite effects on the display of lordosis behavior in the male rat. PMID- 3169700 TI - Sexual orientation, proceptivity, and receptivity in the male rat as a function of neonatal hormonal manipulation. AB - The influence of neonatal androgen on the potential to exhibit feminine sexual behavior was investigated. Male rats castrated on Day 0 but not those castrated on Day 4 or later showed hop/darting, ear wiggling, and lordotic behavior in response to treatment with estrogen and progesterone in adulthood at a frequency equal to that of females. Neonatal treatment with testosterone propionate (1 mg/rat for 4 days) abolished the capacity to show these behaviors. In subsequent experiments, involving castration of male rats at 0 or 4 hr after cesarean delivery, the effect of the postnatal surge of testicular secretions on the expression of female sexual behavior was investigated. No differences were seen in the frequency of hop/darting, ear wiggling, and receptivity between males castrated immediately or 4 hr after delivery. In a preference test where the experimental male could choose between an estrous female and a sexually active male, the neonatally castrated males preferred the company of a male when treated with estrogen and progesterone. The implantation of testosterone resulted in a preference for an estrous female. It was concluded that testicular secretions in the newborn male influence adult sexual orientation and suppress the ability to show proceptive and receptive behaviors. PMID- 3169703 TI - Hormonal specificity and activation of social behavior in male red-winged blackbirds. AB - Five groups of male red-winged blackbirds were observed 12 times over 14 days in an aviary setting. An estradiol-treated female was present during the last two observations of each group. Each group of males consisted of a castrated (CA) and an intact (IN) control and six castrated males given one of the following hormone treatments: the aromatizable androgens, testosterone (T) and androstenedione (AE); the nonaromatizable androgens, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and androsterone (AN); the estrogen, estradiol (E); or a combination of E + DHT. Castration significantly reduced the frequency of singing and three common vocalizations, chucks, checks, and ips, below the levels shown by IN males. Only hormone treatments which provided both androgenic and estrogenic metabolites (A + E = T, AE, E + DHT) restored normal levels of these behaviors in castrated males. Endocrine status also modulated epaulet display. IN and A + E males were more likely than other males to keep their epaulets constantly exposed. The frequency of sidling and supplanting also varied significantly across hormone-treatment groups, with A + E males showing higher frequencies of these behaviors than other males. T was clearly the most effective hormone treatment in activating hormone sensitive behaviors in this species. Hormone treatment was more important than size or plumage pattern in determining the outcome of aggressive interactions. In some groups, the dominant male clearly inhibited the performance of hormone sensitive behaviors by other males. Among A + E males, the frequency of higher intensity song spread displays was highly correlated with the frequency of high intensity aggressive behaviors and negatively correlated with the tendency to withdraw from other males. Patterns of correlations among behaviors suggest that some calls are more hormone dependent than others, and thus may serve different signal functions. PMID- 3169702 TI - Behavioral stimulation of ovarian growth. AB - The present study was conducted to test the following hypothesis: male courtship induced egg-laying behavior in the female ring dove is mediated by the female's nest-coo display which feeds back to stimulate her ovarian system through the mechanisms of audio- and proprioceptive feedback. In Experiment I, females were exposed to 24 hr male courtship and then received playback of different nest-coos in the absence of their mates. All playback was effective in inducing the females to perform nest-coo displays, but none as effective as presence of the courting males. A specified level of the female's nest-coo display determined whether there would be changes in follicular diameter. The females which received no playback after 24 hr pairing with the male (control) did not show any change in the follicular diameter. In Experiment II, females were deafened by removal of cochleae and upon recovery paired with males. Half of those deafened females performed nest-coo displays and subsequently laid clutches. The others failed to perform the display and did not lay. We conclude that both proprioceptive feedback and audio-feedback must be involved to yield maximal stimulation of follicular growth by the female's nest-coo display. PMID- 3169704 TI - Selective credentialing: a multipurpose tool? PMID- 3169705 TI - Ohio hospital goes to the track to win race with inflation. PMID- 3169707 TI - President's power doesn't reach to health economy. PMID- 3169706 TI - Economic horizon marred by inflation, recession. PMID- 3169708 TI - Peer review after Patrick case is alive and well. PMID- 3169710 TI - HMOs turn to hospitals for skilled nursing. PMID- 3169709 TI - Patients claim inadequate care during labor strike. PMID- 3169711 TI - Unprofitable HMO contracting can hurt bond rating. PMID- 3169712 TI - States have one goal, many paths, to fight AIDS. PMID- 3169713 TI - A view from both sides paints a broad picture. PMID- 3169714 TI - High-tech specialties generate top dollars. PMID- 3169715 TI - Rehabs look for reason behind rising acuity. PMID- 3169716 TI - Reusables revisited as medical waste adds up. PMID- 3169717 TI - Technology makes patient monitoring less costly. PMID- 3169718 TI - Will there always be a National Health Service? PMID- 3169719 TI - Nursing input critical to bedside systems. PMID- 3169720 TI - Prescriptions for our ailing health care system. PMID- 3169721 TI - Is a valid quality assurance program possible without the autopsy? PMID- 3169722 TI - Perception testing in surgical pathology. AB - A test predictive of mature pathologic expertise could be of great value in the selection of individuals entering the field. Some individuals may have an aptitude superior to others to discriminate images based on the discovery of distinctive image features. This may enhance their ability to draw pathologic conclusions from clinical images and may favorably affect their performance as pathologists. A form of the Facial Recognition Test was administered to pathology residents and faculty to test this hypothesis. Facial recognition results correlated well with resident performance measured by overall faculty ratings, but only marginally with performance measured by scores on "direct recognition" slides of the American Society of Clinical Pathologists' in-service pathology exams. These preliminary results indicate that testing of visual discrimination may be predictive of resident performance in pathology. A test of this type could eventually be useful in selection and self selection of resident candidates and in development of remedial training for residents experiencing difficulty in learning morphologic interpretation. PMID- 3169723 TI - Acute thymus involution in infancy and childhood: a reliable marker for duration of acute illness. AB - To evaluate the relationship between histologic parameters and clinical data, we studied thymus histology in 234 fetuses and young children who died after a short period of acute illness. Thymus weight and volume percentages of interstitium, cortex, and medulla were significantly related to prenatal or postnatal status and age of the patient. Thymus weight was related to the duration of acute illness only in prenatal patients. The histology, categorized in five grades according to appearance of macrophages (with a starry-sky aspect) in the cortex, increase of interlobular interstitium, and lymphodepletion of the cortex, correlated significantly with the duration of acute illness and not with any other clinical parameter. This finding enables the pathologist to estimate the duration of acute disease before death. PMID- 3169724 TI - Role of arterial occlusion in pulmonary scar cancers. AB - The pathogenesis of scars in lung carcinomas was studied in 57 consecutively resected small (less than or equal to 3 cm) peripheral lung cancers. Central, pigmented scars rich in elastic fibers were most frequently found in adenocarcinomas with predominantly non-destructive, intraalveolar growth pattern. In these cancers with elastin-rich scars, active neoplastic occlusion of one or more arteries was almost always found (96%). Infarction of tumor tissue and its supporting pulmonary stroma was frequently seen separating the central scar from the viable peripheral tumor zone. The elastic fibers of alveolar walls survived and condensed into a compact central scar. Based on these observations, it is suggested that scarring in peripheral lung cancers is often caused by mechanisms unique to the lung. Lung cancers often invade and occlude branches of pulmonary arteries, causing ischaemic necrosis (infarction) of the neoplasm and its stroma. In these neoplasms, often growing mainly in air spaces and preserving the pulmonary framework as their stroma, the elastic fibers of the aLveoli remain preserved despite necrosis, so that the alveolar elastic collapses to form the characteristic elastin-rich scar following absorption of necrotic debris. PMID- 3169725 TI - Monoclonal antibodies Ki-B3 and Leu-M1 discriminate giant cells of infectious mononucleosis and of Hodgkin's disease. AB - In infectious mononucleosis (IM), the involved lymphatic tissue may contain large blasts which are generally referred to as Hodgkin cell-like cells when mononuclear and as Sternberg-Reed cell-like cells when multinuclear. The resemblance of these reactive cells to true Hodgkin and Sternberg-Reed cells constitutes a major differential diagnostic problem. In this paper, we report a study of 20 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD); five of nodular sclerosis and 15 of mixed cellularity type) and of 20 clinically and serologically confirmed cases of IM with the aim of developing immunohistologic criteria for their reliable differentiation. Routinely processed paraffin sections were subjected to the immunoperoxidase reaction using the monoclonal antibodies Leu-M1 (anti-CD15) and Ki-B3. The subcellular distribution of the immunoreactivity to Ki-B3 was controlled at the electron microscopic level. In all cases of HD, many Hodgkin and Sternberg-Reed cells were found to be positive for Leu-M1, whereas the same cells were invariably negative for Ki-B3. By contrast, cells similar to Hodgkin and Sternberg-Reed cells in IM were consistently negative for Leu-M1. The majority of these cells reacted positively for Ki-B3. The results imply that immunohistochemical application of these two antibodies facilitates a clear-cut discrimination of true Hodgkin and Sternberg-Reed cells from similar cells of IM. PMID- 3169726 TI - Response of human hepatocyte lysosomes to postmortem anoxia. AB - We studied the ultrastructure and degradative activity of lysosomes in human livers after somatic death due to cerebral necrosis secondary to shock and/or head trauma. The livers were obtained at autopsy after varying postmortem intervals. Liver ultrastructure was studied in intact liver, in hepatocyte suspension obtained by collagenase perfusion of the liver, and in cultured hepatocytes. Lysosomal protein degradation was measured in a case 24 hours after hepatocyte isolation. By standard ultrastructural criteria, all the livers demonstrated typical reversible manifestations of cell injury. Most hepatocytes demonstrated varying degrees of irreversible cell injury. The ultrastructural alterations were less severe in the isolated hepatocytes in suspensions, and further improvement in morphologic appearance occurred in the cultured monolayers. The most striking alteration in the liver lysosomes was the increase in the numbers of lipofuscin granules (a type of residual body) compared with control liver. The hepatocyte lysosomes constituted an average 3.1% of cytoplasmic volume. There was no correlation between the volume density of lysosomes and either the duration of postmortem anoxia, clinical course, or patient's age. There was no increase in the number of autophagic vacuoles or of secondary lysosomes in postmortem liver. Autophagic vacuoles were more frequently seen in isolated and cultured hepatocytes. Cultured hepatocytes isolated within one hour of clinical death and tested 24 hours later degraded cell proteins at a rate of 1.7% per hour. Protein degradation was stimulated by a physiologic signal (Dibutyryl cAMP, 1 mmol/L) and was inhibited by microtubule poison (vinblastine). We conclude that (1) viable hepatocytes can be isolated even after prolonged postmortem intervals (range, 30 minutes to seven hours), (2) trauma and shock cause an expansion of hepatocyte lysosomes due to accumulation of lipofuscin, and (3) autophagy is blocked by postmortem anoxia and resumes in the recovery phase from anoxic injury in hepatocyte suspensions and in culture. PMID- 3169727 TI - Pathologic features of hepatolithiasis in Japan. AB - A national survey of pathologic features of hepatolithiasis was conducted in Japan. The significance of hepatobiliary lesions in the pathogenesis of hepatolithiasis was evaluated in 31 autopsy livers and 242 surgically resected livers. Eighty-two percent shared several morphologic and clinical features, eg, the presence of multiple calcium bilirubinate or brown pigment stones within the intrahepatic duct and a characteristic hepatobiliary morphology. These cases were distributed throughout Japan without distinct geographic differences. The stones were found in the left and/or right hepatic duct and/or their tributaries. The ducts that contained stones had uneven dilatation of their lumena with focal stenosis. The walls of the involved ducts were thickened mainly by fibrosis. The hepatic parenchyma associated with stones within intrahepatic bile ducts showed mild to severe atrophy and fibrosis. Histologically, the ducts that contained stones showed fibrosis, proliferation of mucous and serous glands, and inflammatory cell infiltration in their walls and the periductal tissue. A large amount of mucus secreted from the affected ducts was seen within the biliary sludge and calcium bilirubinate stones were found in the involved ductal lumena. These findings suggest that the large amount of mucus and the formation of unevenly dilated ductal lumena may be important in the formation of intrahepatic calculi because these factors may favor nucleation and promote local bile stasis, thereby accentuating the ductal changes and stone formation (a vicious cycle). PMID- 3169728 TI - Prognostic value of histopathology in advanced neuroblastoma: a report from the Childrens Cancer Study Group. AB - We report the histopathologic findings in 420 patients with stage III and IV neuroblastoma enrolled in Childrens Cancer Study Group trials conducted from 1980 to 1983. A prospective study of individual cytohistologic features showed that outcome was related in a statistically significant manner to mitotic rate, multi nuclearity, foam cells, ganglion cells, necrosis, and calcification, but only the latter was consistent for both stages. A similar test of four selected published classifications indicated the greatest prognostic value for the system developed by Shimada et al to distinguish favorable from unfavorable tumors. This classification proved significant in both stages and on examination of both primary and metastatic sites. Concordance in histologic assignment of prognosis by two observers was 83%. We conclude that the Shimada classification is valid and reproducible, and that it may be useful in planning therapy in advanced neuroblastoma. Selected cytohistologic parameters and the other classifications were less strongly predictive of outcome, but are worthy of continued study. PMID- 3169729 TI - Occlusive hypertrophic arteritis as the cause of discrete necrosis in CNS toxoplasmosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Brain specimens from five immunocompromised patients with CNS toxoplasmosis were studied with immunostaining for toxoplasma antigens and electron microscopy. The tachyzoites or toxoplasma antigens were predominantly localized in walls of hypertrophic, often thrombosed, arteries and adjacent brain tissue at the hyperemic rims of centrally necrotic lesions. This study suggests that in CNS toxoplasmosis of immunocompromised hosts, the organisms primarily invade and spread along segments of small artery walls, causing hypertrophy of arterial walls, thrombotic occlusion of lumens, circumscribed but expansive ischemic necrosis, and extravasation of organisms. Rapid response to chemotherapy can be explained by this preferential parasitism to the arterial walls. Early definitive diagnosis on brain biopsy specimens can be attained by immunostaining. PMID- 3169730 TI - Silicone lymphadenopathy in a long distance runner: complication of a silastic prosthesis. AB - A 33-year-old male runner, who had undergone a Swanson silastic prosthetic implant for degenerative joint disease of the first metatarsal head and proximal phalanx of the right great toe, presented with unilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy. Biopsy revealed confluent, non-caseating granulomas containing silastic material. Silicone lymphadenopathy is unusual and most frequently presents as axillary adenopathy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis as a sequelae of prosthetic surgery. This case is clinically distinctive for its site of presentation in a healthy athlete and is histologically remarkable for the marked granulomatous response to the silastic elastomers. PMID- 3169731 TI - Osler-Weber-Rendu disease in an infant. AB - A 23-month-old girl with Osler-Weber-Rendu (OWR) disease manifested by hemoptysis died of massive pulmonary hemorrhage. Autopsy showed predominant respiratory tract involvement, but telangiectatic vessels were also present in other sites. Skin lesions were absent. A grandfather had died after bleeding by mouth following physical exertion. This disease seldom appears in children and hemorrhage usually manifests after 30 years of age. PMID- 3169732 TI - Sorting of chromosomes by magnetic separation. AB - Chromosomes were isolated from Chinese hamster x human hybrid cell lines containing four and nine human chromosomes. Human genomic DNA was biotinylated by nick translation and used to label the human chromosomes by in situ hybridization in suspension. Streptavidin was covalently coupled to the surface of magnetic beads and these were incubated with the hybridized chromosomes. The human chromosomes were bound to the magnetic beads through the strong biotin streptavidin complex and then rapidly separated from nonlabeled Chinese hamster chromosomes by a simple permanent magnet. The hybridization was visualized by additional binding of avidin-FITC (fluorescein) to the unoccupied biotinylated human DNA bound to the human chromosomes. After magnetic separation, up to 98% of the individual chromosomes attached to magnetic beads were classified as human chromosomes by fluorescence microscopy. PMID- 3169733 TI - SCE variability in lymphocytes and fibroblasts. A controlled study. AB - To determine whether the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) distributions obtained in lymphocytes and fibroblasts from different individuals are comparable, a controlled study was set up. Peripheral blood and skin biopsies were taken on the same day from five individuals living for years under the same environmental conditions. All samples were treated in the same fashion, and the SCEs were scored in 50 metaphases of peripheral blood lymphocytes and of skin fibroblasts in an early and in a late passage. A repeat blood sample was taken from the same five individuals 1 year later. Based on the results obtained in this first part of the study, five randomly chosen healthy blood donors were sampled at different times and studied in the same fashion. Each chromosome was identified, and the SCE scores were tabulated per chromosome over 50 metaphases. The statistical analysis consisted of fitting log linear models to these scores and examining the best fit by determining the exceedance probabilities (observed significance level). For lymphocytes, the results indicated that the SCE distributions depended only on the chromosome examined, and not on BrdU-exposure time, individuals, or time of sampling. Treatment with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) increased the number of SCEs proportionally on all chromosomes. Analysis of the SCE scores on lymphocytes and fibroblasts of the five individuals and on their low and high passage fibroblast cultures revealed the necessity of including higher order interactions in order to fit a suitable model to the data. Therefore comparison of the SCE scores of lymphocytes with those of fibroblasts or comparison of scores on fibroblasts from different individuals could not be done. In practice, to compare samples or individuals, it suffices to score the SCE on a limited number of chromosomes (e.G., the A group) of 50 metaphases. PMID- 3169734 TI - A new rare distamycin A-inducible fragile site, fra(11) (p15.1), found in two acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) patients with t(7;11)(p15-p13;p15). AB - Fragile sites were analyzed in normal peripheral lymphocytes from two acute nonlymphocytic leukemia patients with t(7;11)(p15-p13;p15) leukemic cells. To induce expression of fragile sites, cultures were exposed to folate deprivation (M-F10), BrdU, distamycin A, or Hoechst 33258. Fragility at 11p15.1 was induced by distamycin A and Hoechst 33258 but was not seen in M-F10, BrdU, and control cultures. Fra(11)(p15.1) was found neither in healthy Japanese subjects (0 in 845) nor in patients with leukemia or other hematologic disorders without the t(7;11) (0 in 126). From these results, fra(11)(p15.1) can now be classified as a rare distamycin A-inducible fragile site. Furthermore, this fra(11)(p15.1) coincided with one of the breakpoints of the t(7;11)(p15-p13;p15). PMID- 3169735 TI - Cell cycle studies in chorionic villi. AB - We have studied the cell cycle of cells obtained from chorionic villi in direct and culture preparations by incorporation of the thymidine analogue BrdU to produce late-labelling or sister chromatid differentiation patterns. We have, therefore, been able to estimate the duration of the cell cycle and, more specifically, the length of some of its phases. While results for chorionic villus sample cells in culture resembled those obtained for fibroblasts, data for the spontaneously dividing trophoblastic cells in direct preparations were different. Villi exposed to BrdU immediately after sampling showed a slight delay in the incorporation of the analogue and a lower percentage of labelled cells compared to villi treated after an overnight incubation, probably due to a temporary effect of the sampling technique. Results from semi-direct protocols suggest that cells have a G2 of no more than 4 h, and a mid-S phase of 10-16 h. The G1 period is very variable. After 48 h incubation with BrdU, only 4% of cells reach their second generation, whereas this percentage increases up to 70% after 72 h, indicating that under these experimental conditions most cells have a cell cycle of approximately 36 h. The average number of sister chromatid exchanges was similar in both direct preparations and cultures: 5.2 +/- 2.1 SCE per cell. PMID- 3169736 TI - Retinal/macular pigmentation in conjunction with ring 14 chromosome. AB - A number of constant features can be ascribed to patients who have a ring 14 chromosome. Recent publications have described pigmentation of the retinal/macular area of the eye and suggested that it may also be a constant feature of the syndrome. We describe a patient who has a ring 14 with a terminal deletion but no retinal pigmentation and compare our case with other informative cases. We suggest that a region on chromosome 14 proximal to q32.2 may be involved in controlling these changes. PMID- 3169737 TI - A frequent factor XII gene mutation in Hageman trait. AB - An additional TaqI restriction site was mapped in intron 2 of the factor XII gene. The site was found only in subjects with total or partial factor XII deficiency and thus represents the true gene lesion or a very tightly linked restriction fragment length polymorphism. The altered gene identified by this marker is present in four (three heterozygotes and one homozygote) of five unrelated Hageman trait subjects from different Italian regions. In the homozygous state the altered gene gives rise to a very marked reduction of factor XII activity. No deletion was found in the deficient factor XII genes. PMID- 3169738 TI - Patterns of exon deletions in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy. AB - A panel of patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD and BMD) has been screened with the cDNA probes Cf56a and Cf23a, which detect exons in the central part of the DMD gene. One or more exons were deleted in 60% of patients. The deletions were mapped and prove to be heterogeneous in size and extent, particularly in DMD. Deletions specific to DMD and to BMD are described. Half of all BMD patients have a deletion of one particular small group of exons; smaller deletions within this same group produce the more severe DMD. PMID- 3169740 TI - Localization of DNA probes with tight linkage to the cystic fibrosis locus by in situ hybridization using fibroblasts with a 7q22 deletion. AB - Five DNA probes known to originate from the region 7q22-q31 were sublocalized by in situ hybridization to metaphase preparations of fibroblasts having besides a normal chromosome 7, a homologue 7 with an apparent interstitial deletion of a large part of band q22. A flow cytometric chromosome analysis confirmed a loss of material from one of the homologues of chromosome 7. Four of the probes, B79a, 7C22, metH, and pJ3.11, have been shown to be closely linked to the cystic fibrosis (CF) locus. We localized probes B79a and 7C22 to the part of 7q22 involved in the deletion, whereas metH and pJ3.11 could be assigned to band 7q31. Probe pJu28, for which polymorphisms have not yet been described, also appeared to derive from the latter band. Since pJ3.11 and metH are most tightly linked to the CF locus, this disease locus is indirectly assigned to 7q31. A comparison of our findings with linkage data suggests a discrepancy between genetic and physical distances in the region 7q22-q31. PMID- 3169741 TI - Genetic determination of the human EEG. Survey of recent results on twins reared together and apart. AB - In this article, we have discussed recent progress in quantifying the genetically determined component of the resting EEG. This progress has been made possible in particular by the application of advanced information processing techniques such as "supervised learning," and the development of a problem-oriented "similarity" concept. Our work aimed at modeling previous findings regarding the distinct individuality of human brain-wave patterns, the high similarity between the EEGs of monozygotic twins, and the average within-pair similarity of dizygotic twins. Thus, we had three objectives: First, we wanted to improve the quantification of EEG characteristics with respect to reproducibility and specificity by means of adaptive procedures and repeated measurements. Second, we wanted to compare the "typical" within-subject EEG similarity with the "typical" within-pair EEG similarity of monozygotic and dizygotic twins brought up together. Finally, we were interested in the degree to which environmental factors affect the characteristics of human brain-wave patterns. Our investigations were based on the empirical data derived from five different populations: (1) 81 healthy subjects, (2) 24 pairs of monozygotic twins brought up together, (3) 25 pairs of dizygotic twins brought up together, (4) 28 pairs of monozygotic twins reared apart, and (5) 21 pairs of dizygotic twins reared apart. Following our similarity conception, repeated measurements on the set of 81 individuals were used as design samples, and new registrations from the same individuals taken 14 days later were referred to as test samples in order to develop the appropriate method and to determine all required calibration parameters. This specific approach allowed us to construct EEG spectral patterns which, with a specificity and reproducibility of greater than 90% each, largely met the requirements of genetic EEG studies. Hence, we were able systematically to investigate the within-pair EEG similarity of our twin samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3169739 TI - Prevalence and molecular heterogeneity of alfa+ thalassemia in two tribal populations from Andhra Pradesh, India. AB - We describe here the screening of a small group of apparently healthy individuals belonging to the tribal communities of Koya Dora and Konda Reddi. A remarkably high incidence of deletion and nondeletion alpha + thalassemia mutants has been found with allele frequencies and distributions characteristic to each tribe. We have confirmed the strict relationship between Hb S levels and the number of alpha globin genes in double heterozygotes for the S gene and alpha thalassemia. In this population sample we did not find either heterozygous carriers of alpha 0 thalassemia (deletion of both alpha genes in "cis") or individuals showing hemolytic anemia due to inactivation of three alpha-globin genes (Hb H disease). Selection by malaria is most probably responsible for the prevalence of the various alpha + thalassemia haplotypes among the two tribal populations of Andhra Pradesh. PMID- 3169742 TI - No predictive value of GC phenotypes for HIV infection and progression to AIDS. AB - The genetic polymorphism of group-specific component (GC) was investigated with isoelectric focusing in 351 homosexual men at risk for HIV infection, 96 male patients with AIDS, and 86 heterosexual controls. No significant differences in GC phenotype distribution were seen between controls and any of the at risk groups or patients, neither between HIV-Ab-positive/Ag-negative and HIV-Ab positive/Ag-positive homosexual men nor between HIV-Ab-positive/Ag-positive homosexual men and AIDS patients, suggesting that the GC system is not involved in the infective susceptibility or progression of HIV infection to AIDS-related complex and AIDS. PMID- 3169743 TI - Orosomucoid (alpha-1 acid glycoprotein) phenotyping by use of immobilized pH gradients with 8 M urea and immunoblotting. A new variant encountered in a population study. AB - Orosomucoid (ORM) phenotyping has been performed on 329 unrelated Swiss subjects, using immobilized pH gradients with 8 M urea and 2% v/v 2-mercaptoethanol followed by immunoblotting. After desialylation the band patterns of ORM confirmed that the polymorphism of the structural locus ORM1 is controlled by three codominant autosomal alleles (ORM1*F1, ORM1*S and ORM1*F2). One rare and one new allele were detected. The rare variant, tentatively assigned to the second structural locus ORM2, is observed in a cathodal position and named ORM2 B1. The new variant, tentatively assigned to the first structural locus ORM1, is observed in a region located between ORM1 S and ORM1 F2, and named ORM1 F3. Moreover, the pI values of the ORM variants have been measured accurately with Immobiline Dry Plates (LKB): they were found to be within the pH range 4.93-5.14. PMID- 3169744 TI - Linkage analysis in X-linked ichthyosis (steroid sulfatase deficiency). AB - Linkage analysis has been carried out in nine unrelated families segregating for X-linked ichthyosis (steroid sulfatase deficiency) using seven polymorphic DNA markers from the distal Xp. Close linkage was found between the disease locus and the loci DXS16, DXS89, and DXS143. In all families except one, Southern hybridization with the human steroid sulfatase cDNA and GMGX9 probes showed a deletion of corresponding loci in affected males. Three patients belonging to the same family had no evident deletion with either of the two above-mentioned probes. None of the other six DNA loci included in the linkage analysis were found to be deleted. PMID- 3169745 TI - An unusual variant of chromosome 16. Two new cases. AB - Two new cases of an unusual chromosome 16 variant, 16p+, in non-related normal carriers are reported. PMID- 3169746 TI - Familial translocation t(17;22), including the segregation in five consecutive abortuses. AB - A cytogenetic study of a family with t(17;22) is presented. The translocation has been detected in four generations. The proband was a female who has had ten pregnancies, seven of which had resulted in spontaneous abortion. The material of five aborted fetuses was available for cytogenetic examination. The karyotypes revealed four different forms of chromosomal imbalance, most of them due to 3:1 segregation. The only living proband's offspring was born after amniocentesis and had a balanced translocation t(17;22). PMID- 3169747 TI - Siblings with chromosome mosaicism, microcephaly, and growth retardation: the phenotypic expression of a human mitotic mutant? AB - We report male and female siblings with extreme microcephaly and mental retardation, growth retardation, and multiple chromosome mosaicism. Mental retardation associated with chromosome mosaicism does not always carry a low recurrence risk. PMID- 3169748 TI - Zellweger syndrome and a microdeletion of the proximal long arm of chromosome 7. AB - A 16-day-old girl with Zellweger syndrome and a chromosomal rearrangement, 46,XX,del(7)(q11.22q11.23), is reported. The diagnosis was confirmed by marked deficiencies of peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzymes and dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase activities in rectal cells and fibroblasts obtained by biopsy and in hepatic cells obtained at autopsy. This is the first report of Zellweger syndrome associated with a chromosomal arrangement, a microdeletion of chromosome 7. A tentative gene assignment to 7q11 is suggested. PMID- 3169750 TI - Deletion 11q23.3 without familial predisposition. PMID- 3169749 TI - Pericentric inversion of chromosome 19 in three families. AB - Pericentric inversion of chromosome 19 has been found in several members of three unrelated families from a restricted geographical region. In one of the families, an additional pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 was observed. Reproductive problems, multiple abortions in two families and a neonatal death in the third, were present. A review of previously described cases is included, and the genetic risk connected with this type of rearrangement is also discussed. PMID- 3169751 TI - Are serological tests of value in diagnosing and monitoring response to treatment of syphilis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus? AB - To assess the value of serological tests in diagnosing and monitoring the response to treatment of syphilis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), case notes of eight homosexual men with a history of treated syphilis, positive reactions to serological tests for syphilis, and documented subsequent conversion to HIV seropositivity were studied. No change was noted in serological markers of syphilis after HIV infection. The case notes of one man with primary syphilis, four men with secondary syphilis, and three men with latent syphilis, of whom all were HIV seropositive, were also studied. In seven of these patients the serological responses to infection and after treatment were consistent with the experience of syphilis in HIV seronegative patients. In one man treated for secondary syphilis, and confirmed as HIV seropositive eight months after treatment, the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test result continued to be positive at a high titre for up to 20 months after treatment. PMID- 3169753 TI - Who defaults after treatment for gonorrhoea? Randomised controlled study of effect of an educational leaflet. AB - A study of patients with gonorrhoea showed that those who defaulted most from follow up were male, heterosexual, and had multiple sexual partners. A prospective, blind, randomised controlled trial showed that a leaflet giving information about gonorrhoea had a positive effect on follow up attendance by women, but no appreciable effect on rates of defaulting overall. This has implications for the initial treatment schedules. PMID- 3169752 TI - Penicillin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during repository treatment regimen for syphilis. AB - Penicillin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured in 40 asymptomatic patients with syphilis, 10 of whom had neurosyphilis. The patients were treated with 2.4 MIU procaine penicillin a day intramuscularly in combination with 500 mg probenecid every six hours orally. This intramuscular treatment regimen did not consistently yield treponemicidal penicillin concentrations in the CSF (subtreponemicidal CSF concentrations were found in 17 patients, four of whom had neurosyphilis). These data provide additional evidence that the cure of asymptomatic neurosyphilis is not guaranteed by intramuscular penicillin treatment. PMID- 3169755 TI - Tzanck smear in diagnosing genital herpes. AB - In 126 patients with anogenital lesions, in which herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection was suspected or included in the differential diagnosis, the results of cytodiagnosis of herpetic infection (Tzanck smear) were compared with virus culture. Cervical lesions were excluded from this study. HSV infection was proved by culture in 78 patients and was absent or non-active in 41 patients. Excluded from this study were seven patients who did not yield the virus on culture but had positive Tzanck smear results from three investigators. The characteristic cytopathic effect of herpetic infection was found in 78 patients who yielded HSV on culture. Tzanck smear sensitivity for skin lesions was 79% and for mucous membrane lesions was 81% in men and 52% in women. Tzanck smear specificity for the 41 patients without herpetic infection proved by virus culture was 93%. Differences in sensitivity and specificity between the results found by three investigators (double blind screening) were not significant. The Tzanck smear is reliable, inexpensive, and easy and quick to perform; it is suitable for office diagnosis because it does not require a specialised laboratory. PMID- 3169754 TI - Pivampicillin compared with erythromycin for treating women with genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection. AB - In a randomised single blind study, pivampicillin was compared with erythromycin in women with urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infections. The pivampicillin dosage was 700 mg twice a day and the erythromycin dosage 500 mg twice a day for seven days. Follow up took place on days 7 and 14 after the start of treatment. All 26 women treated with pivampicillin were culture negative for chlamydiae at the first and second follow up visits. All 23 women who received erythromycin were culture negative at the first follow up visit, but one was culture positive at the second follow up visit. Gastrointestinal side effects were recorded in five patients receiving pivampicillin and in nine receiving erythromycin. Two patients receiving erythromycin were withdrawn from treatment because of gastrointestinal disturbances, compared with none receiving pivampicillin. PMID- 3169756 TI - Screening for cervical dysplasia in department of genitourinary medicine. AB - In 632 patients attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic who were colposcoped because they were in certain high risk groups for cervical neoplasia, and irrespective of cytological findings, 13 out of 51 biopsied had false negative cytology results. Human papilloma virus (HPV) was the most important sexually transmitted agent associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), but HPV was also present in most patients with false negative (11/13) and false positive (11/14) cytology results. Screening by colposcopy, as well as cervical cytology, is therefore mandatory and must be available for certain STD clinic patients. PMID- 3169757 TI - Podophyllotoxin 0.5% v podophyllin 20% to treat penile warts. AB - The increasing incidence of genital warts has led to more public awareness of this infection and its possible sequelae. Currently available treatment remains unsatisfactory, and there is pressure to develop effective and convenient alternatives. Podophyllotoxin is standardised and stable, whereas podophyllin has a variable composition. In an open comparison of self applied podophyllotoxin 0.5% versus podophyllin 20% applied by a doctor to treat external penile warts, podophyllotoxin was more effective and gave quicker resolution than podophyllin. Side effects were similar for both preparations, and few patients experienced complications severe enough to stop treatment. Podophyllotoxin can therefore be used safely and effectively for home treatment monitored at an outpatient clinic and provides a useful alternative to treatment with podophyllin at overburdened genitourinary medicine clinics. PMID- 3169758 TI - AIDS related changes in pattern of sexually transmitted disease (STD) in an STD clinic in Copenhagen. AB - Testing for antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was introduced in 1984 in this major sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in Copenhagen, which is attended by about 10,000 new patients each year. From 1984 to 1987 the proportion of patients examined for antibodies to HIV rose from 6% to 32%. The overall incidence of HIV antibody positivity decreased from 30% in 1984 to 3% in 1987, the combined result of decreased positivity in high risk patients tested and increased screening in low risk patients. HIV antibody positivity has been confined largely to homosexual men and drug addicts. Since 1985, however, 21 out of 2623 (0.8%) heterosexuals who were not drug addicts were found to be HIV antibody positive. During 1984-6 the incidence of STDs most often encountered in high risk groups (syphilis and gonorrhoea) decreased by 64% and 41% respectively, whereas the incidence of diseases most often diagnosed in low risk groups (condylomata acuminata and genital herpes) increased by 70% and 34% respectively in the same period. The addition of HIV infection to the list of STDs requires the allocation of more resources to the STD clinics to enable these clinics to handle this new problem. Screening for all patients attending an STD clinic for antibodies to HIV must be considered, and in our area it would be cost effective. PMID- 3169759 TI - Rectal occurrence of Mobiluncus species. AB - The simultaneous occurrence of Mobiluncus spp in the vagina and rectum was studied in women attending a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) department. Of 43 women with bacterial vaginosis (BV), 32 had Mobiluncus spp in the vagina and 23 in the rectum. In 20 women the same Mobiluncus species was found concomitantly in the vagina and the rectum. Mobiluncus spp were found in the rectum only in two women with BV, one with candidal vaginitis, and one healthy woman. In a treatment study of 23 women, BV was cured in nine out of 10 treated with metronidazole and six out of 13 treated with tetracycline. After treatment Mobiluncus spp persisted in the vaginas of two out of 19 women and in the rectums of two out of 10. PMID- 3169760 TI - Gummatous penile ulceration and generalised lymphadenopathy in homosexual man: case report. AB - A case of granulomatous penile ulceration associated with generalised lymphadenopathy in a homosexual man aged 43 is presented. His serum gave positive results to tests for syphilis, but was negative for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). His condition responded briskly to treatment with procaine penicillin, and we conclude that the clinical features were attributable to infection with Treponema pallidum. PMID- 3169762 TI - Evaluation of abnormal cervical cytology results at a genitourinary medicine clinic. PMID- 3169761 TI - Delayed presentation of patients with genital warts. PMID- 3169763 TI - Multicultural health education: an emerging reality in Canada. AB - This article attempts to melt the two concepts of multiculturalism and health education. It defines multicultural health education and provides a rationale, presents a series of examples of what is presently being done in Canada, identifies needs and gaps, and proposes a number of potential strategies for furthering the development of the field of multicultural health education. PMID- 3169764 TI - Coalitions: influencing the future. PMID- 3169766 TI - Health promotion and AIDS: challenge to primary care. AB - The rapidly increasing prevalence of AIDS related mortality and morbidity demands aggressive epidemiologic intervention by the medical and public health systems. Traditional disease prevention strategies alone, will not however, successfully resolve the community health problem of AIDS, particularly in the absence of a vaccine. Analysis of the AIDS threat clearly shows that along with reducing the prevalence of AIDS and HIV infection, and preserve the quality of life for those whom it personally touches. As a process which enables people to increase control over and improve their health (World Health Organization 1984), health promotion emerges as the framework of choice from which to launch a comprehensive community response to AIDS. PMID- 3169765 TI - Health promotion and health education: the emerging role of the private sector. AB - The climate is right for new ventures in health education, especially those in which corporate leaders join forces with other members of the communities where they do business. Working with the public sector and other members of the private sector--with schools, universities, health departments, churches, professional associations, voluntary agencies, and foundations--corporations can become a vital new force in supporting health education not only of their own employees but also of children and adults and the public at large. PMID- 3169767 TI - Increasing the relevancy and usefulness of programme evaluation: a comprehensive evaluation. AB - Most organizations implement evaluation research to determine how to improve a programme or to decide if a programme should be continued. However, evaluation research can be used to help organizations make relevant and valid decisions for the cycle of programme planning, programme development, programme implementation, and programme operation. This paper describes a "comprehensive evaluation model" which will provide a framework for understanding the importance of evaluation activities at all programme phases (i.e. planning, development, implementation, and operation). Four sequential evaluation stages are presented as being the framework for the "comprehensive evaluation model". It is argued that these stages are essential to the organization and the evaluator in helping them adequately provide an assessment of a programme's efficiency and effectiveness. PMID- 3169768 TI - "Beyond the XIII World Conference on Health Education". PMID- 3169769 TI - [Education for health and for death]. AB - The development of the concept of health education has evolved. Man in good health is he who succeeds in adapting to the varying conditions in his environment (physical, biological, and psycho-social). To say that man sustains the changes in his physical environment does not mean he adapts well to his psychosocial environment, for the latter is much more difficult to do. Individual death is only an element in the endless chain which is life. An individual can disappear, but the species continues, despite everything, to carry on. The author specifies that the fear of death enters in the health education domain; this is in the back of our anxieties and shapes our way of confronting life and our attitudes when dealing with others. To learn to live is necessary to us. However it is also necessary to learn to die to accept death and to demistify it, thus limiting the anxiety which is caused by it. PMID- 3169771 TI - World Summit of ministers of health on programmes for AIDS prevention. PMID- 3169770 TI - In Nigeria: views and notions of patients attending some selected hospitals. AB - Either by what man inflicts on himself or by what others inflict on him, he is sometime forced to attend the hospital. Smoking and drinking habits and the types of food he eats may result into ailments which may send him to the hospital. The government or community may also impose certain health problems. Such health problems may emanate from the types of drugs (expired or dangerous), food and other commodities imported into a country for the citizens' consumption. To successfully prevent or treat these problems is a task of the health specialists in communities, hospitals, or schools as well as that of the individuals who caused them. Health education can play a vital role in the prevention of various ailments. Preventive and curative tasks must, however, be a combined effort of the medical doctors, nurses and health educators. Where the patient attends the hospital, and he is given drugs, but fails to use them out of ignorance, the health team involved has failed. PMID- 3169772 TI - [Health promotion and AIDS]. PMID- 3169773 TI - The Dutch Health Education Center. PMID- 3169774 TI - Health promotion, education and community participation in the Americas. Reality or myth? AB - The concepts and understanding of community promotion, education and participation for health have many interpretations and applications in the countries of the Americas. Even though many of the countries have written policies indicating that these are important strategies, very few have developed ways to make them effective and operational. In most cases they are not defined, nor have countries developed concrete objectives and goals. Although the Primary Health Care strategy has been adopted in principle by countries of the Americas, they are encountering serious difficulties in implementing the concept, particularly within large-scale national health programmes. In actuality, the community promotion, education and participation concepts in the health arena are vague and often misunderstood. PMID- 3169775 TI - AIDS prevention and control. PMID- 3169777 TI - AIDS: the infected and you. An exclusive poll done in 11 countries. PMID- 3169776 TI - School health education to prevent the spread of AIDS: overview of a national programme. AB - The ultimate goal of CDC's School Health Education to Prevent the Spread of AIDS programme is to reduce the incidence of HIV infection among school-aged youth. Working objectives that integrate programme research and development activities are listed in the opposite Table. In 1982 it was estimated that of the 4.6 billion people in the world, about one billion were school-aged, and about 870 million of these youth were enrolled in schools. WHO, UNESCO, and the International Union for Health Education have recognized that schools could provide a critical means for ensuring that young people throughout the world understand the global AIDS pandemic they face, and what they can do to protect themselves, the families for which they will become responsible, and the communities in which they will reside. But if schools are to provide effective AIDS education, they will require the commitment and active collaboration of education and health leaders in local, national, and international agencies. PMID- 3169778 TI - The European experience: public education with regards to AIDS prevention. AB - This article is based on information provided by participants at an International Consultation on "Public Education and AIDS Prevention", 18-20 October 1987. The meeting was convened by the Federal Centre for Health Education, in collaboration with the World Health Organization, in Cologne, Federal Republic of Germany. Thirty-two participants from seventeen European countries and the United States attended, as did representatives of the World Health Organization and the Council of Europe. PMID- 3169779 TI - [Education for the prevention of AIDS. Government campaigns and/or sel-help organizations for at-risk groups]. AB - Even if we do not have enough distance to comparatively evaluate the preventive actions against AIDS implemented in North America, a few remarks about the respective activities of governments and private sector can be made: Up to 1986, governments have had problems with targeting information campaigns as they were mainly dealing with risk groups and not with risk behaviours. Consequently the effectiveness of such national campaigns was very limited, as politicians had little enthusiasm to involve resources for marginal populations. Therefore, these populations had to try and organize themselves to find the information on AIDS and to disseminate it. This has been possible only in North American big cities where these groups already had an identity. Now that national consciousness has been raised, the role of health professionals is a key one, i.e. to protect the interests of these groups against the pressure of the general public which is reflected in national programmes. PMID- 3169780 TI - A project in Zambia: talking to children about AIDS. PMID- 3169782 TI - Reaching adolescents in school in Denmark about AIDS. AB - Educational programmes for adolescents in school cannot be viewed independently, as they will be influenced by other informational activities. It is therefore important to plan the school activities as a part of a much broader community outreach programme. This article however focuses on the programme for adolescent school children in Denmark. PMID- 3169781 TI - AIDS education. PMID- 3169783 TI - AIDS prevention campaign and control programme at the "Universiade 87" international student sports games, Zagreb 1987. AB - Aids must not stop olympic tradition in any way: joy of youth, success of sport, and above all humanistic spirit of the games. PMID- 3169785 TI - AIDS prevention. Facts from the countries.... PMID- 3169784 TI - [Campaign strategy against AIDS in Africa: Congolese procedures and experience]. AB - Compared with US and European countries, AIDS prevention in Africa has two specificities: there are no peculiar risk groups and the HIV is transmitted mainly through heterosexual relations. In Congo, the prevention strategy aims at the followings: information and in-service training for health workers; medical and psychological care for contaminated persons; and information to the general public. As AIDS spreads much more in urban areas (3.8%) than in rural areas (less than 1%), the first decision has been to organise a systematic screening of blood donors in Brazzaville, together with a face-to-face counselling for everyone and particularly to HIV positives. The public information is based on public sessions with half-an-hour information and a two-hour discussion. As condoms are not yet psychologically and economically accessible to the African people, the prevention campaigns have to give a panel of possible solutions, including abstinence, decrease in the number of partners, fidelity,.... The approaches are multimedia including theater, songs, posters, TV and radio. PMID- 3169786 TI - International Union for Health Education (IUHE). Policy statement. Assuring that all people receive effective education about AIDS. PMID- 3169787 TI - The Health Promotion Directorate. Health and Welfare Canada. AB - The Health Promotion Directorate is the organizational unit within the Department of National Health and Welfare responsible for enhancing the quality and acceptance of health promotion as a means of improving the health of Canadians. It was established in 1978 as an expression of the federal government's desire to act on the health promotion strategy outlined in the 1974 document "A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians". The statutory basis rests in the National Health and Welfare Act which states that the duties and functions of the Minister include "all matters relating to the promotion or preservation of the health of the people of Canada". The role of the Directorate in promoting health was confirmed by a decision of the federal cabinet in 1982. PMID- 3169788 TI - Inter-Regional Workshop on the Surveillance and Control of AIDS. PMID- 3169789 TI - The global AIDS strategy. AB - "A global problem--a global response. AIDS has become a great and powerful symbol for a world threatened by its divisions, East and West, North and South. In a deep and remarkable way, the child with AIDS is the world's child; the man or the woman dying of AIDS has become the world's image of our own mortality; AIDS is also uncertainty and the unknown. Yet we face responsibility for this day and these lives. Against AIDS, we have set our common course the global AIDS strategy". PMID- 3169791 TI - Long workdays versus restdays: assessing fatigue and alertness with a portable performance battery. PMID- 3169790 TI - Multiattribute modeling analysis of the effects of a low blood alcohol level on pilot performance. PMID- 3169792 TI - Torque required from elderly females to operate faucet handles of various shapes. PMID- 3169793 TI - Amelogenesis imperfecta: a genetic study. AB - The mode of inheritance and the clinical manifestations of amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) were studied in 51 families from the county of Vasterbotten, northern Sweden. Autosomal dominant (AD) was the most probable mode of inheritance in 33 families, but X-linked dominant (XD) inheritance was a possible alternative in one family. Autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance was found likely in 6 and X-linked recessive inheritance in 2 families. Ten probands were sporadic cases. In the families with AD inheritance, a sex difference was observed between affected and non-affected cases, with an excess of females in the affected group (p less than 0.05). In addition to the 78 index cases, 107 new cases were diagnosed. The clinical manifestations of AI observed could be divided into 2 forms, the hypoplastic form in 72% and the hypomineralization form in 28% of the individuals. AD inheritance was seen in 89% of the cases with the hypoplastic form, and in 44% of the cases with the hypomineralization form. In most families with AD or AR inheritance, each family displayed a characteristic manifestation of either hypoplastic or hypomineralization defects. In 3 families, both hypoplastic and hypomineralization forms of AI were seen. In families with X linked inheritance, the clinical manifestation differed between females and males with males more seriously affected. PMID- 3169794 TI - Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein polymorphism detected in human urine by isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting. AB - Polymorphism of alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) was revealed in human urine by isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting on polyacrylamide gels. More than 200 urine samples were examined in this manner and correct AHSG typing of the urine samples was achieved, in comparison with the results of direct grouping for plasma. Three phenotypes, AHSG 1, 2-1 and 2, were observed and found to be determined by two common alleles, AHSG*1 and AHSG*2. The frequencies of AHSG*1 and AHSG*2 calculated in a Japanese population were 0.7637 and 0.2363, respectively. PMID- 3169795 TI - Alpha-thalassemia in northern Thailand. Frequency of deletional types characterized at the DNA level. AB - The frequency of alpha-thalassemias in northern Thailand was estimated using DNA techniques. Among 106 healthy adult Thais from the Chiangmai area, 28 were shown to carry alpha-globin gene anomalies. There were 19 heterozygotes and 1 homozygote for alpha-thalassemia-2. One of the alpha-thalassemia-2 deletions was of the -alpha 4.2 type and the remaining 20 of the -alpha 3.7 type (subtype I). Deletions of both alpha-globin genes on one chromosome (alpha-thalassemia-1) of the Southeast Asian type were observed in 5 cases, and 3 alpha-globin gene triplications were identified. Compared with a previous report on alpha thalassemia in northern Thailand which was based on the determination of hemoglobin Bart's in cord blood, the present DNA study reveals a similar frequency of alpha-thalassemia-2 but a considerably lower frequency of alpha thalassemia-1. PMID- 3169796 TI - Possible influence of major gene heterozygosity on variation of quantitative traits. AB - The possible explanations for heterosis and heterozygous advantage have included the hypothesis that the metabolic versatility of heterozygotes for functional alleles of structural genes would enhance resistance to environmental insult, i.e. would result in enhanced developmental homeostasis. Evidence on this hypothesis is conflicting. The paper presents additional evidence, based on four human polymorphisms and 9 quantitative traits in a sample of mother-offspring data from Sweden. These data do not support the hypothesis of interest. Reasons for the conflicting results are discussed. PMID- 3169797 TI - Family studies of the E1kE1s genotype for plasma cholinesterase. AB - Six individuals in three families with a history of suxamethonium sensitivity have been found to have genotype E1kE1s. The biochemical data for the recognition of this genotype have been analysed and the mean values compared with similar parameters for the usual phenotype. Individuals with genotype E1kE1s will be sensitive to suxamethonium. PMID- 3169798 TI - Recognition of two new phenotypes segregating the E1k allele for plasma cholinesterase. AB - The first identification of the cholinesterase variants E1kE1k and E1kE1s is reported from a family study. The evidence is based on the biochemical parameters of enzymic activity, and dibucaine, fluoride and RO2 numbers. Two individuals appear to be homozygotes E1kE1k and two are heterozygotes E1kE1s with family evidence supportive of these genotypes. The heterozygotes E1kE1s will be sensitive to suxamethonium. PMID- 3169799 TI - DNA haplotypes and frameworks associated with the beta-globin gene in the Kachari population of Assam (India). AB - DNA haplotypes and frameworks associated with the beta-globin gene were determined in a Tibeto-Burman group, the Kachari, from Upper Assam, India, using restriction analysis at eight restriction sites. Of the total of 59 subjects, 26 were homozygous for HBB*A and 33 homozygous for HBB*E. Complete haplotype determination in 33 subjects revealed a conspicuous difference in haplotype distribution between HBB*A- and HBB*E-bearing chromosomes. The Southeast Asian HBB*E-associated haplotype -+- +- (27-2 in the present terminology) predominated on HBB*E chromosomes. The previously established beta-globin-associated frameworks 1, 2 and 3 were evenly distributed among the HBB*A chromosomes, whereas all HBB*E chromosomes had framework 2. These findings favor a common origin of the HBB*E gene in Southeast Asia and Assam. PMID- 3169800 TI - Three Japanese families with members carrying C7 silent allele (C7*Q0). Possibility for an association between C7*Q0 and C6*B. AB - Three Japanese families with members carrying C7 silent allele(s) (C7*Q0) are presented. C6 types in the family members were also examined, and it was found that C7*Q0 was transmitted from a parent to offsprings as a haplotype, C7*Q0 C6*B. In another study of C6 types in sera from 3 volunteer blood donors with homozygous C7 deficiencies, the C6 phenotypes were found to be C6 B (homozygote). It seems remarkable that C7*Q0 can be associated with C6*B. PMID- 3169801 TI - Interaction between AB0 and haptoglobin in a white Australian population. AB - Blood samples from over 2,200 blood donors resident in the State of Victoria were investigated for the association between the AB0 and haptoglobin (HP) blood systems reported by others. No association between the phenotypes of the 2 systems was found but the distribution of the HP*1 allele varied among AB0 groups, and the difference between those who were group 0 and the other AB0 groups combined was significantly (p less than 0.05). Overall, the findings were similar, but not as pronounced, as those reported in the Hutterites. PMID- 3169802 TI - Formal genetics of esterase D (EC 3.1.1.1): evidence for a sex-phenotype association. AB - The formal genetics of esterase D (EC 3.1.1.1) was studied in family data and mother/child pairs. A general agreement with mendelian expectations was found. However, a significant sex-phenotype association was detected in families from northwestern Portugal as well as in mother/child pairs and family data from southwestern Germany. PMID- 3169803 TI - Distribution of transferrin subtypes in Aragon (north-east Spain). AB - The distribution of transferrin subtypes was studied in 623 unrelated individuals from Aragon. The gene frequencies were similar to those reported for other European populations. PMID- 3169804 TI - Production and characterization of a mouse monoclonal antibody to the glycolipid asialo-GM1. AB - The glycosphingolipid asialo-GM1 (aGM1) is a true differentiation antigen of murine lymphoid cells. This glycolipid is highly immunogenic in the rabbit, but the antisera produced shows some cross reactivity with GM1, the naturally occurring sialylated derivative of aGM1. In the present study we examined the ability to raise anti-aGM1 antisera in the mouse. We compared the efficiency of several immunization methods in various strains of mice. The most effective procedure involved repeated intraperitoneal injections of aGM1-cholesterol rich particles in the NZB mouse. Hybrid B cell lines were generated by fusion of mouse myeloma cells with the splenocytes of an NZB mouse immunized with aGM1. The specificity of the antisera produced and of the monoclonal antibody secreted by one of these hybridomas (103HT30) was defined by ELISA and by immunostaining on thin layer chromatograms. The monoclonal antibody 103HT30 is an IgM. It reacted with aGM1 but not with any of the structurally-related ganglioside or neutral glycolipids tested. In particular, 103HT30 monoclonal antibody did not present any detectable cross-reactivity with GM1. PMID- 3169805 TI - Specific binding characteristics of high affinity monoclonal antidigitoxin antibodies. AB - The specificity of various monoclonal antidigitoxin antibodies was characterized using 6 cardiac glycoside analogs. Spleen cells from BALB/c mice, immunized with BSA- or KLH-digitoxin conjugates, were fused with NS1 myeloma cells, and antibody producing hybrids were identified by radioimmunoassay. Twenty-one monoclonal antidigitoxin-specific antibodies were obtained, 10 of which were cloned and characterized for affinity and specificity. All the antibodies had a high affinity constant, ranging from 8.10(8) to 2.5.10(10) 1/M. On the basis of their binding specificities, the antibodies could be classified into 3 groups: the first contained 7 antibodies exhibiting high cross reactivity (42-100%) with digitoxigenin, whereas the second and third groups did not recognize this analog (cross-reactivity of 1%). In the former group, the absence of the sugar moiety only slightly affected the binding reaction, although for the two other groups, this structure did appear to be involved in antibody recognition. Changes in the functional groups of the hapten molecule led to considerable changes in the antibody-antigen reaction. For all the antibodies except one, saturation of the lactone ring considerably affected binding. These results demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies of different specificities with respect to both the steroid backbone and the sugar moiety of digitoxin can be induced using a digitoxin protein conjugate. PMID- 3169806 TI - Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to cephalexin synthesizing enzyme from Acetobacter turbidans. AB - Eleven monoclonal antibodies against the cephalexin-synthesizing enzyme have been constructed and primarily characterized. These antibodies are all IgG1 type, with medium affinity, and with no enzyme-inhibition effect. They will be utilized as immunoadsorbents to purify their corresponding antigen, the enzyme, in one step. PMID- 3169807 TI - Phenotypic cyclophosphamide resistance in mouse myeloma hybridomas. AB - We have analyzed the expression of cyclophosphamide (CY) resistance in somatic cell hybrids of mouse LPC-1/CY-R plasmacytoma and P3-X63-Ag8.653 (Ag8) myeloma cells. LPC-1/CY-R tumor is resistant to curative doses (60-250 mg/kg body weight) of CY. The median survival time (MST) of drug treated LPC-1/CY-R tumor bearing mice is 25 days, similar to that of untreated mice. LPC-1/CY-R tumor cells secrete an IgG 2a kappa M component and do not survive in tissue culture. Ag8 tumor cells are CY sensitive, are selected out in hypoxanthine-aminopterin thymidine (HAT) media and do not secrete any immunoglobulin. Hybrids formed between these two cell lines survived in HAT and secreted IgG 2a kappa. Hybrid cells exhibited greater ploidy than that of their parents and contained the metacentric marker chromosome of the Ag8 cell line. Hybrid cells exhibited the same growth characteristics in BALB/c mice as that of their LPC-1/CY-R parent and were resistant to curative doses of CY. These studies demonstrate that, CY resistance is a somatic cell dominant trait which can be transferred to daughter cells via somatic cell hybridization. Availability of somatic cell hybrids produced between CY sensitive and resistant tumor cells may provide useful tools to study the biochemical nature and the somatic cell genetics of this drug resistant trait. PMID- 3169808 TI - MCG inverse solution: influence of coil size, grid size, number of coils, and SNR. PMID- 3169809 TI - The identification of time series models of lower extremity EMG for the control of prostheses using Box-Jenkins criteria. PMID- 3169810 TI - An optoelectronic interconnection for bidirectional transmission of biological signals. PMID- 3169811 TI - Optimal selection of frequencies for estimating parameters from respiratory impedance data. PMID- 3169812 TI - Biomedical thermometry--a simple fiber optic approach. PMID- 3169813 TI - Topographical map of innervation zones within single motor units measured with a grid surface electrode. PMID- 3169815 TI - Application of prewhitening to AR spectral estimation of EEG. PMID- 3169814 TI - The analysis of ventricular late potentials using orthogonal recordings. PMID- 3169816 TI - Confidence intervals for the signal-to-noise ratio when a signal embedded in noise is observed over repeated trials. PMID- 3169817 TI - Skin impedance from 1 Hz to 1 MHz. PMID- 3169818 TI - Magnetic measurements of cardiac mechanical activity. PMID- 3169819 TI - Effect of torso boundaries on electric potential and magnetic field of a dipole. PMID- 3169820 TI - Development of a closed-loop pacemaker controller regulating mixed venous oxygen saturation level. PMID- 3169821 TI - Estimation of single-evoked cerebral potentials by means of parametric modeling and Kalman filtering. PMID- 3169822 TI - A parametric method of identification of single-trial event-related potentials in the brain. PMID- 3169823 TI - Three-dimensional finite element solution for biopotentials: erythrocyte in an applied field. PMID- 3169825 TI - Theory of double magnetic induction (DMI) for measuring eye movements: correction for nonlinearity and simple calibration in two dimensions. PMID- 3169824 TI - Performance of planar multisite microprobes in recording extracellular single unit intracortical activity. PMID- 3169827 TI - A pressure controller for estimating parameters for a nonlinear CSF model. PMID- 3169826 TI - Theory of ultrasound Doppler-spectra velocimetry for arbitrary beam and flow configurations. PMID- 3169828 TI - Boundary conditions in simulations of cardiac propagating action potentials. PMID- 3169829 TI - Suppression of simulation artifacts from myoelectric-evoked potential recordings. PMID- 3169830 TI - On money... PMID- 3169831 TI - The effects of handling on preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. PMID- 3169832 TI - Nursing diagnosis: a study of quality and supportive evidence. PMID- 3169833 TI - Intuition in decision-making. PMID- 3169835 TI - On elegant writing. PMID- 3169834 TI - Generating results from qualitative data. PMID- 3169836 TI - Attitude of nurses toward impaired colleagues. PMID- 3169837 TI - AMA's proposal for Registered Care Technicians. PMID- 3169838 TI - The deterioration phenomenon. PMID- 3169839 TI - Morphological differentiation of human lymphocyte subpopulations following polyclonal stimulation with bacteria and lectin. AB - Mononuclear cells (MNC) were stimulated with different heat-treated gram-positive and -negative bacteria, and the lymphocyte subpopulation interaction, the proliferative response, and the immunoglobulin secretion were analyzed. It can be demonstrated that beta haemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus have a similar stimulation pattern: early stimulation of helper T cells, cell contacts of helper T cells and B cells, maximum proliferation on day 5 and 7, and Ig secretion peak on day 7. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Yersinia enterocolitica do not cause proliferation, while Ig secretion is seen on day 5. No cell contacts and no T cell stimulation are seen in the Klebsiella culture, whilst Yersinia causes slight helper T cell activation. In contrast, PHA induces strong T cell stimulation, proliferation and expansion of the suppressor T cell subpopulation. Leu 7-positive lymphocytes are not activated by any of these stimulants. PMID- 3169841 TI - Phosphatidylinositol metabolism and protein kinase C activation in leukocytes by lipopeptides. AB - The synthetic lipopeptide Pam3Cys-Ser-Ser-Asn-Ala, an analogue of the N-terminal part of bacterial lipoprotein, constitutes a potent macrophage and B lymphocyte activator. In the macrophage cell-line P388D1 Pam3Cys-Ser-Ser-Asn-Ala stimulated phosphoinositol turnover, whereas in small resting lymphocytes no enhanced turnover was observed. Upon lipopeptide stimulation, a translocation of PKC from the cytosol to the plasma membrane was found in the cell line P388D1 but not in lymphocytes. Substituting lipopeptide for diacylglycerol shows that Pam3Cys-Ser Ser-Asn-Ala leads to an activation of protein kinase C at Ca2+ concentrations of 0.5 mM. Thus, mitogenic lipopeptides constitute novel tools for investigating the molecular mechanism of transmembrane signaling in leukocyte activation. PMID- 3169840 TI - Lewis lung carcinoma cells enhance the synthesis of C3 and are opsonized by C3 secreted from murine macrophages. AB - We investigated the effect of Lewis Lung carcinoma cells on the production of C3 by murine macrophages and examined the capacity of secreted C3 to opsonize Lewis Lung carcinoma cells. C3 released in culture from macrophages obtained from tumor bearing C57Bl/6 mice as well as from normal macrophages exposed to Lewis Lung carcinoma cells in vitro was measured by hemolytic assays and by Western blot. We found that contact with tumor cells in vivo as well as in vitro enhanced the amount of C3 secreted by murine macrophages by a factor of 2-3. The inflammatory agent carrageenan caused only a small increase in the amount of secreted C3. On Western blots of concentrated macrophage supernatants, there was partial cleavage of secreted C3 which was, however, not more pronounced in the case of C3 from tumor-stimulated macrophages than from normal macrophages. Supernatants from normal as well as tumor-stimulated macrophages were capable of opsonizing Lewis Lung carcinoma cells as shown by their capacity to bind human erythrocyte in an immune adherence reaction. Pretreatment of the tumor cells with a protease inhibitor, PMSF, inhibited the capacity of the tumor cells to bind C3, suggesting that a tumor cell-associated protease might be involved in the binding of C3 to the tumor cell surface. PMID- 3169842 TI - Lack of correlation between in vivo peroxidatic activity patterns and tumoricidal activity in vitro of peritoneal macrophages after intraperitoneal immunization with tumor cells. AB - Immunization of C57BL mice with one inoculum of 10(7) DBA/2-derived SL2 lymphosarcoma cells resulted in a +/- 20-fold increase in the total number of peritoneal cells. The number of macrophages showed a 10-fold increase from 3 x 10(6) (control mice) to 3.4 x 10(7) cells at day 8 after immunization. Within this macrophage population, four different cell types, based on the ultrastructural peroxidatic activity patterns, could be distinguished: exudate macrophages, resident macrophages, resident-exudate macrophages and peroxidatic activity-negative macrophages. The number of exudate macrophages significantly increased in the peritoneal cavity after immunization: at day 8 after immunization, a peak value of 10(7) cells was observed. At the same time, there were 2.2 x 10(7) peroxidase-activity-negative macrophages present (representing the control value x 50). Significant in vitro tumoricidal activity of the isolated macrophages could not be measured until 8 days after immunization. At that time, a cytotoxicity index of 68 was reached. After immunization of the C57BL mice with 3 injections with allogeneic SL2 cells, there were no dramatic changes in the number of peritoneal cells after the last immunization. Only immediately after the last immunization was a minor increase in peroxidatic activity-negative macrophages seen. But already at 5 days after the last immunization, the composition of the peritoneal suspension was similar to that of non-immunized mice with predominantly resident macrophages. The cytotoxicity of the peritoneal macrophages from hyperimmunized mice was constantly high during 1 15 days after the last immunization (cytotoxicity index ranged from 66-72). In order to study which type(s) of macrophage(s) (resident, exudate, resident exudate or peroxidatic-activity-negative) is/are responsible for the cytotoxicity measured in vitro, peritoneal cell suspensions (obtained after immunization) were fractionated according to their affinity to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) coupled to Sepharose columns. Comparison of the values of cytotoxicity measured before and after separation into "subtypes" of the macrophages revealed that the expression of cytotoxicity is not correlated with any of the "sub-types", especially when the peroxidatic activity pattern is is taken as a criterion. PMID- 3169843 TI - Mucosal immune response to cholera toxin in ageing rats. I. Antibody and antibody containing cell response. AB - Although ageing is accompanied by systemic immunodeficiencies, the status of the mucosal immune system in the elderly remains unresolved. The gastrointestinal mucosal immune response was evaluated in young, mature and old male rats subjected to intra-intestinal immunization with cholera toxin (CTx). Five days following secondary immunization, the alpha-CTx-IgA titre in the bile of immunized rats was markedly reduced, i.e. the values measured in young rats were approximately five-fold higher than those of old animals. alpha-CTx-IgA levels in non-immunized rats were negligible and age-related shifts in other antibody titres (alpha-CTx IgG and IgM) were not significant. The antibody response to CTx was not reflected in the total IgA content of the samples. The number of alpha CTx antibody-containing cells (ACCs) in the small intestinal lamina propria was significantly reduced in old immunized rats in comparison with the young or mature animals. These data suggest that ageing compromises both non-immune cell (antibody transport by hepatocytes) and immune cell (number of ACCs in the gut wall) functions in response to cholera toxin immunization in this animal model. PMID- 3169844 TI - Binding, internalization and degradation of soluble aggregates of human secretory IgA by resident rat peritoneal macrophages. AB - In the present study the in vitro binding, internalization and degradation of IgA immune complexes (IC) by phagocytes was studied. As a model for IgA IC, heat aggregated human secretory IgA (AsIgA) was prepared and resident rat peritoneal macrophages (PM phi) were used as a source of phagocytes. First, binding of 125I AsIgA to rat PM phi was investigated. Binding of 125I-AsIgA to PM phi at 4 degrees was saturable and reached plateau values after 2 hr. At 37 degrees, degradation of membrane-bound 125I-AsIgA into trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble fragments occurred. Parallel experiments with unlabelled AsIgA and 125I-labelled anti-human IgA revealed that degradation of AsIgA was preceded by internalization of AsIgA. The specificity of binding of 125I-AsIgA to PM phi was investigated using human IgG, human serum IgA, human myeloma IgA1, human sIgA and the glycoproteins asialofetuin and ovalbumin. The binding of 125I-AsIgA to rat PM phi was inhibited in the presence of sIgA and asialofetuin. In contrast IgG and ovalbumin had no effect. These results suggest that receptors with a specificity for galactose on the rat PM phi are involved in the binding of AsIgA. PMID- 3169846 TI - Mannose-mediated targeted immunoadjuvant action of liposomes. AB - The effect of the ligand mannosylated albumin, covalently coupled to the surface of tetanus toxoid-containing dehydration-rehydration vesicles (DRV), on their adjuvanticity was investigated. Toxoid-containing DRV coated with mannosylated albumin bound in vitro to mouse (BALB/c) peritoneal macrophages selectively and to a greater extent than non-mannosylated DRV. ELISA assays of anti-toxoid IgG1 and IgG2b in the sera of BALB/c mice immunized with various toxoid-containing DRV preparations suggest that mannosylated liposomes are superior in immunoadjuvant action to conventional ones. Such targeted adjuvanticity appears to be influenced by the number of ligand molecules available on the surface of liposomes rather than the number of mannose residues on albumin. PMID- 3169845 TI - Enhanced human monocyte cytotoxicity by platelet-activating factor. AB - The capacity of platelet-activating factor (PAF) to enhance human monocyte cytotoxicity for WEHI 164 cells was examined. Spontaneous monocyte cytotoxicity was 24 +/- 2% (mean +/- SEM, n = 9). Preincubation of monocytes with 1 pM-1 nM PAF for 18 hr significantly enhanced cytotoxicity in a dose-related manner, whereas less enhancement was observed at PAF concentrations above 1 nM. Maximal PAF-induced cytotoxicity was 68 +/- 6%, which was similar to that induced by optimal concentrations of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon-gamma. The specific PAF antagonist kadsurenone inhibited PAF-induced cytotoxicity but not TNF-induced cytotoxicity. The inactive PAF analogues lysoPAF and enantioPAF did not increase monocyte cytotoxicity. Two observations suggest that TNF mediates PAF-induced cytotoxicity: specific anti-TNF antibodies inhibited PAF-induced cytotoxicity toward WEHI 164 cells, and PAF did not enhance cytotoxicity to TNF resistant cells. PAF represents a distinct class of phospholipid monocyte activators that increase monocyte cytotoxicity by TNF-dependent mechanisms. PMID- 3169848 TI - The immune system during the precancer period: naturally-occurring tumor reactive monoclonal antibodies and urethane carcinogenesis. AB - Previous results obtained in our laboratory suggested that natural antibodies reactive with L5178Y lymphoma cells play a role in the induction of lung tumors by the chemical carcinogen urethane. In order to characterize some of the naturally-occurring L5178Y reactive antibodies we prepared hybridomas that secreted natural monoclonal IgM antibodies reactive with L5178Y lymphoma cells. In the present study we characterized some of these antibodies and provided further proof as to their role in urethane carcinogenesis. One hybridoma secreted a cytotoxic antibody that reacted only with mouse lymphoma cell lines. Other non cytotoxic monoclonal L5178Y-reactive antibodies showed various degrees of cross reactivity with syngeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic cells of normal or malignant origin. One of these antibodies reacted much better with activated T cells than with resting ones. Four groups of mice were treated with urethane. Three groups were injected twice a week during 5 months with different IgM preparations of natural monoclonal antibodies. The mice in the fourth group were not treated with IgM and served as controls. Five months after the urethane treatment the mice were sacrificed and the number of tumor foci in the lungs of each mouse was determined. The results show that the group treated with the cytotoxic monoclonal antibody 1.80 had a significant decrease, while the group treated with the IgM myeloma protein 104E had a significant increase in the number of tumor foci compared to urethane-treated mice that did not receive any IgM treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3169847 TI - Sublines of the Burkitt line Daudi, selected on the basis of reactivity with soybean agglutinin, differ in tumorigenicity in athymic mice. AB - Two subpopulations were isolated on the basis of soybean agglutinin (SBA) binding, from the human Burkitt lymphoma line Daudi. The low- and high-binder sublines maintained this characteristic in continuous passages. Their surface marker profiles, antibodies, scanning electron microscope (SEM), cytochemical reactions and binding of other lectins (concanavalin A and wheatgerm agglutinin) were not different. They differed, however, in growth potential in athymic mice. The low-binder subline had lower frequency of takes, tumor weight and volume, and did not metastasize as compared to the high-binder subline. However, the reaction with F-SBA of all the tumor cells examined was strong (greater than 70%), indicating in vivo selection and tumor development of high binder cells. PMID- 3169849 TI - Bioefficacy of a progesterone monoclonal antibody in mice. PMID- 3169850 TI - Effect of dietary Zn-deficiency on the distribution of lipids in the ovary of mature mouse. PMID- 3169851 TI - Seasonal and hormone-induced changes in testicular functions of the musk shrew Suncus murinus L. PMID- 3169852 TI - Effect of topical beta-aminopropionitrile on connective tissue of granulomas. PMID- 3169853 TI - Some enzymes and substrates of Embden-Meyerhof pathway of different tissues and related hormones of mycotoxin, MT81, treated mice. PMID- 3169854 TI - Effect of vitamin A deficiency on induction of enzymes metabolizing different carcinogens. PMID- 3169855 TI - Trimeprazine modified chemotherapeutic and hyperthermic response of a mouse fibrosarcoma. PMID- 3169856 TI - Influence of non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAIA) on chlorpropamide induced hypoglycemia in rats. PMID- 3169857 TI - Antiinflammatory drugs--lysosomal membrane stabilization in normal and activated phagocytic cells. PMID- 3169858 TI - A possible drug interaction between aspirin and L-glutamine on some experimental inflammatory and analgesic models. PMID- 3169859 TI - Cellular defence mechanism under the influence of lanthanum intoxication in chick bone marrow. PMID- 3169860 TI - Histopathological studies on toxicity of chilli (capsaicin) in Syrian golden hamsters. PMID- 3169862 TI - Biochemical and histochemical localization of succinate dehydrogenase on nuclear membrane of rat thymocytes and splenocytes. PMID- 3169863 TI - Cytomorphological and cytochemical responses of cortical neurons on intraneuronal accumulation of age-pigment lipofuscin. PMID- 3169861 TI - Comparative histochemical and biochemical study on storage characteristics and culinary values of fish, goat and chicken muscle. PMID- 3169864 TI - Is teaching and research in respiratory medicine keeping pace with the clinical needs? PMID- 3169865 TI - Studies on some constituents of plasma in asthma. PMID- 3169866 TI - Acute effects of tobacco inhalation in the form of 'snuff' on cardio-respiratory parameters. PMID- 3169867 TI - A peep into the posterior mediastinum--intraosseous azygography in carcinoma oesophagus. PMID- 3169868 TI - Intercostal tube thoracostomy in pneumothorax--factors influencing re-expansion of lung. PMID- 3169869 TI - In vitro antifungal susceptibility of fungi isolated from respiratory tract of patients and other sources. PMID- 3169870 TI - Segmental consolidation and a pulmonary nodule in a young patient. PMID- 3169871 TI - Neurocutaneous melanosis with interstitial lung involvement--a rare association. PMID- 3169872 TI - A study of respiratory function in glass bangle worker's pneumoconiosis. PMID- 3169874 TI - Thoracic complications of multiple myeloma. PMID- 3169873 TI - Bilateral spontaneous chylothorax. PMID- 3169875 TI - Removal of bronchial foreign bodies with fibreoptic bronchoscope. PMID- 3169876 TI - Distal esophageal stricture due to indwelling nasogastric tube. PMID- 3169877 TI - A practical viable model of pulmonary service within a medical school. PMID- 3169878 TI - Identification and characterization of a mouse cell surface antigen with alternative molecular forms. AB - We present the characterization of a new mouse cell surface protein, recognized by the 3E8-specific monoclonal antibody. The expression of this antigen is predominantly restricted to the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: bone marrow, spleen, lymph node, and thymus. Immunoblot analyses show that the 3E8 determinant is present on molecules with different apparent relative masses. The 3E8 antigen migrates on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a single band of Mr 115,000 for normal nonstimulated spleen cells and thymocytes and as two bands of Mr 115,000 and Mr 125,000 for bone marrow cells and mitogen stimulated spleen cells. The multiple sizes of the 3E8 antigens (isoforms) found on various cell lines are not due to allelic polymorphism, but instead may reflect the specific cell type or reflect the cell's state of activation or maturation. Results from lectin chromatography and N-glycanase and neuraminidase studies suggest that the 3E8 antigen is a heavily sialylated O-linked glycoprotein. The unusual features of this antigen indicate that it may be the mouse homologue of the rat W3/13 antigen and the human leukosialin/sialophorin antigens. PMID- 3169879 TI - Evidence for linkage between the caprine leucocyte antigen (CLA) system and susceptibility to CAE virus-induced arthritis in goats. AB - The distribution of caprine leucocyte antigens (CLA) in goats from four different breeds (n = 546) affected by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV)-induced arthritis were determined and compared breed for breed with those of infected but clinically healthy controls (n = 402). Differences in frequencies of some of the CLA specificities between the affected and control groups were found, but after correction of the ordinary P values for number of observed alleles, only the CLA Be7 specificity in the Saanen breed showed a significant deviation at the 0.05 probability level. Animals of the Saanen breed carrying this specificity are less prone to develop arthritis after CAE virus infection than goats lacking this specificity. Eleven groups (multiple-case families or halfsibling groups with at least two informative diseased offspring/group) were analyzed for manifestation of the disease and segregation of the parental haplotypes. The results of the maximum likelihood test of association (P less than 0.005) and the calculated high lod score value of 5.70 give evidence for linkage between the locus encoding the determined class I CLA alleles and a hypothetical locus (i) coding for genes responsible for arthritis resistance/susceptibility. The particular class I CLA allele associated with the disease susceptibility varied from family to family, however. These data provide the first evidence that CAE virus-induced arthritis in the goat is genetically influenced by the MHC system; they also suggest that susceptibility/resistance genes are not directly associated with the determined class I gene products but rather are in close genetic linkage. PMID- 3169880 TI - Biochemical similarity of Ly-19, Ly-32, and Lyb-2 alloantigens encoded in the gene cluster on mouse chromosome 4. AB - Mouse lymphocyte alloantigens Ly-19 and Ly-32 are controlled by the genes tightly linked to the Lyb-2 locus on chromosome 4. Despite the similarity in mouse strain distribution patterns, Ly-19 and Ly-32 antigens which have been detected on both B- and T-cell lineages are distinct from Lyb-2 antigen whose expression is restricted to the B cells. In this report, the close linkage of these three loci was confirmed by the typings of three sets of recombinant inbred mice including BXD, CXS, and OXA. Furthermore, the biochemical characterization of these Lyb-2 linked proteins, i.e., Ly-19, Ly-32, and Lyb-2, demonstrated their similarities on a molecular level. Two polypeptides of 45,000 and 95,000 were the components of these three alloantigens. Furthermore, sequential immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that the three alloantigenic determinants were located on the same molecular components. These findings may provide insight into the complexities and functional roles of Lyb-2 gene-cluster products. PMID- 3169882 TI - Chromosomal localization of the major histocompatibility complex of the horse (ELA) by in situ hybridization. AB - The first gene assignment to a horse chromosome is reported for equine leucocyte antigen (ELA), the major histocompatibility complex of the horse. A cloned DNA sequence derived from a class I gene of the porcine major histocompatibility complex was used as a probe for an in situ hybridization experiment. We present the regional localization of ELA, using this sequence, to equine chromosome 20q14 q22. PMID- 3169884 TI - Abstracts: 29th annual conference of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology. Ahmedabad, October 29-November 1, 1988. PMID- 3169881 TI - Structure and expression of the Lyt-3a gene of C.AKR mice. AB - The mouse Lyt-3a gene, which encodes the Lyt-3.1 T-cell surface alloantigen of the C.AKR strain, has been cloned, and the nucleotide sequence of its exons and more than 2 kb of 5' flanking sequence have been determined. The gene extends over approximately 16 kb of DNA and consists of six exons encoding leader, leader plus V-like domain, membrane-proximal, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains. The only difference between the coding region of the Lyt-3a gene and the cDNA sequences reported for Lyt-3b (Nakauchi et al. 1987. Panaccio et al. 1987) is at position 77 of the mature protein where Lyt-3a encodes serine and Lyt-3b encodes arginine. This substitution must therefore be the basis for the serological distinction between the Lyt-3.1 and Lyt-3.2 alloantigens. Potential TATA and CAAT sequences, two Sp1 protein binding sites, two extended repeats of the dinucleotide, CA, a number of short inverted repeats, and an inverted segment of the mouse B1 repetitive sequence are found 5' to the Lyt-3a gene. Two consensus poly-A addition signals and a complete copy of the mouse B1 sequence are found 3' to the gene. Both B1-related regions are flanked by short direct repeats suggesting that they arose by an insertional mechanism. Cotransfection of the Lyt 3a gene together with a cloned Lyt-2a gene resulted in expression of both Lyt-2 and Lyt-3.1 on the surface of Ltk- and BW5147 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3169885 TI - Abstracts: annual conference of the Indian Association for the Study of the Liver. Ahmedabad, October 31, 1988. PMID- 3169883 TI - Molecular genetics of mouse serum amyloid P component (SAP): cloning and gene mapping. PMID- 3169886 TI - Abstracts: annual conference of the Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of India. Ahmedabad, November 1, 1988. PMID- 3169887 TI - Medicinal plants. PMID- 3169888 TI - Effect of Commiphora mukul (gum guggulu) in patients of hyperlipidemia with special reference to HDL-cholesterol. PMID- 3169889 TI - Effect of certain volatile oils on ejaculated human spermatozoa. PMID- 3169890 TI - Effect of Foeniculum vulgare seed extracts on cervix & vagina of ovariectomised rats. PMID- 3169891 TI - Effect of gossypol on testes & epididymis of albino rats. PMID- 3169893 TI - In vitro antimalarial activity of medicinal plants of India. PMID- 3169892 TI - Antifertility activity of Caesalpinia decapetala--a preliminary report. PMID- 3169895 TI - Mechanism of hypotensive action of scoparone. PMID- 3169896 TI - Antibacterial activity of Euphorbia thymifolia Linn. PMID- 3169894 TI - Effect of Ocimum sanctum Linn. on humoral immune responses. PMID- 3169897 TI - Preliminary observations on serum biochemical parameters of albino rabbits fed on seeds of Trichosanthes dioica (Roxb). PMID- 3169899 TI - Dot-ELISA for diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis. PMID- 3169900 TI - Indigenous bulk production of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (serotype H-14) & its larvicidal action against Anopheles stephensi. PMID- 3169898 TI - Coagglutination method in the rapid diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis. PMID- 3169901 TI - Concurrent copper T insertion with medical termination of pregnancy in women with previous caesarean section delivery. PMID- 3169903 TI - Placental morphology & histochemistry in iron deficiency anemia. PMID- 3169902 TI - Effect of Lathyrus sativus toxin on cognitive functions & urinary catecholamines in experimental animals. PMID- 3169904 TI - Chromosome abnormalities in referred patients--a five year study. PMID- 3169906 TI - Effect of smoking on anthropometric somatotype & grip strength. PMID- 3169905 TI - Vascular changes in the brain following internally administered radioisotope 131 I in rats during postnatal period. PMID- 3169907 TI - Weights of normal adult brains in north-west Indian subjects. PMID- 3169908 TI - Antibacterial activity of local anaesthetics procaine & lignocaine. PMID- 3169909 TI - A steady state comparison of three theophylline formulations in adult stable asthmatics. PMID- 3169910 TI - Effect of naloxone & catecholamines on renal function & survival in haemorrhagic shock in dogs. PMID- 3169911 TI - Experimental production of high surface tension pulmonary edema. PMID- 3169913 TI - A study of the serum and cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin profile in pyogenic and tuberculous meningitis. PMID- 3169912 TI - "Study of immune responsiveness in adult asymptomatic sickle cell haemoglobinopathy in rural central India". PMID- 3169914 TI - Evaluation of CPK and LDH isoenzyme assays as diagnostic aids in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3169915 TI - Brain abscesses--a study of the causative organisms with special reference to anaerobes. PMID- 3169917 TI - Primary sclerosing cholangitis. PMID- 3169916 TI - Detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by ELISA test in high risk personnel. PMID- 3169918 TI - Cytological and cytochemical diagnosis of chordoma by fine needle aspiration biopsy--a case report. PMID- 3169919 TI - Isolation of Salmonella havana (13, 23:f. g:-). A rare serotype from human source. PMID- 3169921 TI - A case of pure primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy. PMID- 3169920 TI - Giant lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease) of the parotid region--a case report. PMID- 3169922 TI - Incidence and pattern of cancer in Amritsar (Punjab) (a ten year retrospective study 1974-1983). PMID- 3169923 TI - Management of childhood obesity. PMID- 3169924 TI - Screening for renal disease in school children: experience in Japan. PMID- 3169925 TI - Recent developments in vitamin D metabolism and its clinical application for renal disease. PMID- 3169926 TI - Hypertension: pediatric perspectives. PMID- 3169927 TI - Psychiatric morbidity. PMID- 3169928 TI - Secondary carbohydrate intolerance during diarrhea-clinical features, detection and management. PMID- 3169929 TI - The growth pattern of sitting height, skull and chest circumference in Varanasi school children of upper socio-economic group. PMID- 3169930 TI - Validation of causes of infant death in the community by verbal autopsy. PMID- 3169931 TI - Pre-school teachers (Balsevikas) in-service orientation in nutrition and health education--an impact study. PMID- 3169934 TI - Family infection in enterobiasis. PMID- 3169935 TI - Acquired syphilis. PMID- 3169936 TI - Tracheal agenesis. PMID- 3169933 TI - Neurocutaneous diseases--a study of 61 cases. PMID- 3169932 TI - Perinatal outcome at Benghazi and implications for perinatal care in developing countries. PMID- 3169937 TI - Ileo-ileal knotting causing intestinal obstruction. PMID- 3169938 TI - Thanatophoric dwarfism in Libyan neonates--a report of 3 cases. PMID- 3169939 TI - Dipyridamole echocardiography in essential hypertensive patients with chest pain. AB - The exercise-electrocardiography test shows limited feasibility and diagnostic accuracy for the noninvasive detection of coronary artery disease in hypertensive patients. Recently, the dipyridamole-echocardiography test (two-dimensional echocardiographic monitoring with dipyridamole infusion, up to 0.84 mg/kg over 10 minutes) has been proposed as an exercise-independent method for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. The diagnostic usefulness of the exercise electrocardiography test and the dipyridamole-echocardiography test was evaluated in 63 consecutive inpatients with history of chest pain, essential hypertension, and no previous myocardial infarction. The criterion of positivity for the exercise-electrocardiography test was a horizontal or downsloping ST segment shift exceeding 0.1 mV and for the dipyridamole-echocardiography test, a transient dyssynergy of contraction. Fifteen patients could not perform a diagnostic exercise-electrocardiography test because of an inability to exercise adequately (two patients), severe hypertension in spite of full antihypertensive therapy (six patients), or excessive blood pressure rise at the first step of the exercise-electrocardiography test (seven patients). Five patients could not perform the dipyridamole-echocardiography test because of a poor acoustic window. The overall feasibility was 76% for the exercise-electrocardiography test and 92% for the dipyridamole-echocardiography test (p less than 0.05). All 43 patients who performed both tests underwent coronary angiography; 30 had significant coronary artery disease (greater than 70% lumen reduction of at least 1 major coronary vessel). Sensitivity was 67% for both the exercise-electrocardiography test and the dipyridamole-echocardiography test (p = NS); specificity was 46% for the exercise-electrocardiography test and 92% for the dipyridamole echocardiography test (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3169940 TI - Influence of race, sex, and blood pressure on erythrocyte sodium transport in humans. AB - Sodium transport of erythrocytes from normotensive and essential hypertensive subjects was evaluated by determining ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-insensitive sodium efflux rates, Na+-Li+ countertransport rates, Li+-K+ cotransport rate constants (lithium replacing sodium), intracellular sodium concentrations, and the number of Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) sites per erythrocyte. Subjects included men and women, blacks and whites. Hypertensive subjects had significantly higher sodium transport than did normotensive subjects for ouabain sensitive sodium efflux (p less than 0.025) and Na+-Li+ countertransport (p less than 0.001). Sexual differences were noted for ouabain-sensitive (p less than 0.001) and ouabain-insensitive (p less than 0.001) sodium efflux, for intracellular sodium concentration (p less than 0.025), and for the Li+-K+ cotransport rate constant (p less than 0.005), all with higher values for men than for women. Racial differences were noted for ouabain-insensitive sodium efflux (p less than 0.005), Na+-Li+ countertransport (p less than 0.001), and the Li+-K+ cotransport rate constant (p less than 0.001); values were higher in whites than blacks for all three measurements. The number of [3H]ouabain binding sites was lower for blacks (p less than 0.001) and the intracellular sodium concentration was higher for blacks (p less than 0.001). Among all subjects, significant (p less than 0.001) correlations were found between intracellular sodium concentration and the number of Na+,K+-ATPase sites per erythrocyte (r = 0.78) and between the ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux per site and intracellular sodium concentration (r = 0.85, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3169941 TI - Central attenuation of aortic baroreceptor reflex in prehypertensive DOCA-salt loaded rats. AB - To determine whether the arterial baroreceptor reflex can act to oppose the development of hypertension, deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension was produced in sinoaortic-denervated and sham-operated rats. Systolic blood pressure measured by tail cuff started to increase in both sinoaortic-denervated and sham-operated rats 7 days after DOCA treatment, and the hypertension developed identically in both denervated and sham-operated rats. These findings suggest that the baroreceptor reflex cannot act against the development of hypertension. To determine whether the baroreceptor reflex is attenuated before the development of hypertension, bradycardiac and sympathoinhibitory responses to i.v. injections of norepinephrine were examined. Bradycardic and sympathoinhibitory responses were significantly smaller in DOCA-salt-treated rats in both prehypertensive (5th day after DOCA-salt treatment) and hypertensive stages (21st day after treatment). In urethane-anesthetized DOCA-loaded and control rats on the 5th day after treatment, aortic depressor nerve stimulation elicited frequency-dependent depressor and bradycardic responses accompanied by inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity in both DOCA-loaded and control rats. However, those responses were significantly smaller in DOCA-loaded rats than in control rats. These results suggest that the central component of the baroreceptor reflex mediated by the aortic depressor nerve is impaired before hypertension develops and that this impairment may contribute to the development of hypertension in DOCA-salt-treated rats. PMID- 3169942 TI - Effect of protein kinase C activation on cytoskeleton and cation transport in human erythrocytes. Reproduction of some membrane abnormalities revealed in essential hypertension. AB - Certain manifestations of alterations of membrane cytoskeleton, protein kinase C activity, and ion transport were revealed in erythrocytes of patients with essential hypertension: 1) the average volume of erythrocytes is reduced by 4%; 2) about 7% of the total number of erythrocytes is represented by cup-shaped forms compared with 1.5 to 3.0% in the control group; 3) basal phosphorylation of Band 4.9 protein is increased 1.6-fold to 1.8-fold; 4) activity of protein kinase C is increased by 60 to 70%; 5) the rate of proton electrochemical gradient (delta mu H+)-induced Na+-H+ exchange is increased twofold. Treatment of erythrocytes of healthy donors with protein kinase C activator (12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) leads to similar but more marked changes in cell shape (17% of cup-shaped forms), volume reduction (by 7%), an increase of Band 4.9 protein phosphorylation (threefold), and an increase in the rate of Na+-H+ exchange (fourfold). Protein kinase activation does not modify Na+-Li+ exchange and slightly increases (by 20-50%) Na+-K+ pump activity, Na+-K+ cotransport, and the rate of 45Ca influx. It may be assumed that the increase of protein kinase C activity is one of the most probable molecular mechanisms conditioning abnormalities of the membrane skeleton and Na+-H+ exchange in primary hypertension. PMID- 3169943 TI - Influence of eicosanoids on renal function of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. AB - The present study examined the contribution of changes in the synthesis or degradation (or both) of renal eicosanoids to the alterations in renal hemodynamics observed in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate were markedly reduced in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats compared with values observed in control rats given water or saline to drink. The abnormalities in renal hemodynamics in the hypertensive rats were associated with an increase in the excretion of thromboxane B2, an increase in the release of thromboxane B2 from renal cortical tissue slices, and a diminished release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from renal medullary tissue. Additionally, the urinary excretion of PGE2 and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and the release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha from renal cortical and medullary tissue were elevated in rats with DOCA-salt hypertension. Since the excretion of PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and the release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by medullary tissue were also elevated in normotensive rats given 1% NaCl solution to drink, these latter changes probably were related to an elevation of sodium intake rather than to the development of hypertension. The functional significance of the alterations in the renal production of thromboxane in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats was evaluated by comparing the effects of a thromboxane synthesis inhibitor and a receptor antagonist on renal function in normotensive and DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. The administration of the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor furegrelate and the thromboxane receptor blocker SQ 29548 had no effect on renal hemodynamics in either group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3169944 TI - Cardiogenic hypertension in maturing dogs. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the heart can induce high blood pressure by maintaining an inappropriately elevated cardiac output/body weight ratio during growth. Direct (femoral artery) mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, cardiac output/body weight ratio (as defined by M-mode echocardiography), and total peripheral vascular resistance were measured and calculated every 2 months in nine conscious dogs during development from 2 to 10 months of age. In four dogs a J-shaped catheter for atrial pacing was chronically implanted at the age of 3 months, and their hearts were permanently paced at 130 beats/min until maturity. The aim of atrial pacing was to prevent the natural slowing of the heart rate and, consequently, to maintain a cardiac output/body weight ratio that was inappropriately high in relation to age during growth. Five dogs were studied as controls. No hemodynamic differences were observed until the age of 4 months. From the age of 5 to 10 months heart rate was kept at 130 beats/min by atrial pacing in the atrially paced group, and the mean cardiac output/body weight ratio did not decrease (196 +/- 24 vs 191 +/- 34 [SE] ml/min/kg). MAP rose from 62 +/- 4 to 116 +/- 8 mm Hg, and total peripheral resistance increased from 0.34 +/- 0.07 to to 0.61 +/- 0.09 mm Hg/ml/min/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3169945 TI - Effects of hypertension and its reversal on canine arterial wall properties. AB - Segments of carotid, femoral, saphenous, and left circumflex coronary arteries were obtained from control, renal hypertensive, and nephrectomized hypertensive dogs for in vitro study of mechanical properties. Hypertension was produced in two-kidney dogs by unilateral renal artery constriction. After 3 months, the compromised kidney was removed in half of the dogs. Mean arterial pressure was significantly elevated in the hypertensive dogs after 3 months (127 +/- 2 vs 94 +/- 1 mm Hg for controls) and partially returned toward normal 3 months after nephrectomy (105 +/- 2 mm Hg). Pressure-diameter relations were determined under conditions of maximum active and passive smooth muscle activation. Contiguous segments were used for the determination of water and connective tissue content. Hypertension was associated with increased passive arterial wall stiffness at most sites, with a partial return toward normal after nephrectomy. Maximum responses to smooth muscle activation (active stress and constriction response) were augmented in arteries from hypertensive dogs and partially returned toward normal in the nephrectomized hypertensive group. The elastin content of these arteries was unchanged, while collagen content was nonuniformly decreased in renal hypertensive dogs. Small decreases were found in the radius-wall thickness ratio of some arteries. No significant mechanical changes occurred in the saphenous artery. The largest hypertension-related changes were found in the coronary arteries, which also exhibited the smallest recovery toward normal properties after nephrectomy. Considerable regional variability of changes in arterial wall in renal hypertensive and nephrectomized hypertensive dogs was found. Incomplete resolution of the hypertension and arterial wall changes by nephrectomy was found in this animal model. PMID- 3169946 TI - Recent life event frequencies in Nigerians with essential hypertension. PMID- 3169947 TI - Angiotensin reactivity in the cheek pouch of the renovascular hypertensive hamster. AB - Increased reactivity to vasoconstrictor agents and decreased arteriolar luminal diameter have been implicated in the maintenance of hypertension. The same hamster cheek pouch microvessels were tested for angiotensin I (Ang I) and angiotensin II (Ang II) reactivity before and 10 to 14 days after Grollman (two kidney, one figure-8) or sham operation. Microvascular geometric parameters were measured before and after a maximal vasodilator dose of adenosine. Then maximal vasoconstrictions to Ang I or Ang II were measured: Ang I and Ang II were applied adjacent to arterioles (10(-2)-10(0) pmol) and venules (10(-1) pmol) in 10 microliter aliquots for 1 minute. Blood pressure (178 +/- 11/133 +/- 8 mm Hg) of renovascular hypertensive hamsters was elevated significantly over blood pressure of sham-operated hamsters (120 +/- 11/97 +/- 10 mm Hg). No change was observed in venular geometry or reactivity in renovascular hypertensive hamsters. Arteriolar luminal diameter, wall thickness, wall/lumen ratio, and wall area were not altered in hypertensive hamsters in the normal or vasodilated state; vasodilator capacity was the same in all groups. Conversion of Ang I to Ang II (response to Ang I divided by response to Ang II) for first-order and Third-order arterioles and third-order venules was 74 +/- 5, 79 +/- 3, and 72 +/- 6%, respectively, and was unaltered in renovascular hypertensive hamsters. Although vessel geometry was not altered, there was a significant shift to the left of the Ang I and Ang II dose-response curves of first-order and third-order arterioles, indicating increased sensitivity to these vasoconstrictors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3169948 TI - Arterial vascular compliance response to vasodilators by Fourier and pulse contour analysis. AB - Vasodilator drugs are widely used in the management of cardiovascular disease. They decrease systemic vascular resistance, but they also may influence vascular arterial compliance. This study evaluated the effects of three vasodilators- nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, and hydralazine--on vascular compliance using impedance parameters determined by pulse contour and Fourier analyses. The open chest study was performed on anesthetized dogs. Mean arterial pressure decreased by a minimum of 20% after vasodilator intervention. The decrease in systemic vascular resistance was significant (p less than 0.01) only after hydralazine treatment. Proximal compliance increased after administration of all drugs, but the increase was not statistically significant. Distal compliance determined by pulse contour analysis increased by 60 to 120% after all three drug treatments (p less than 0.05 for nitroprusside, p less than 0.02 for nitroglycerin and hydralazine). Characteristic impedance from Fourier analysis responded variably, and changes were not statistically significant. The sensitivity of changes in distal compliance as a marker for the vascular effect of these drugs suggests that it might be used as a more reliable guide than blood pressure or vascular resistance in monitoring clinical response to such intervention. The more traditional measure of characteristic impedance provides a vascular measurement that is less sensitive than distal compliance to the effects of these vasodilator drugs. PMID- 3169949 TI - Adrenal-dependent change in vascular reactivity in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Tail arteries from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) exhibit oscillatory contractions in response to norepinephrine. This type of oscillatory behavior does not occur in tail arteries from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). We have shown that the traits of norepinephrine-induced oscillatory activity and high blood pressure are genetically associated in SHRSP, suggesting that oscillatory activity is a primary vascular abnormality that contributes to hypertension in this strain. In the present experiments, two approaches were used to test the hypothesis that adrenal mineralocorticoids modulate expression of this genetically determined vascular abnormality in SHRSP. First, the effect of adrenalectomy on blood pressure and oscillatory activity was determined in SHRSP that underwent bilateral adrenalectomy 3 weeks before experimentation. Second, the effect of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt treatment on blood pressure and oscillatory activity was determined in 1) rats with no genetic background for oscillatory activity (WKY) and 2) progeny of SHRSP x WKY (F1 rats). Helically cut tail artery strips from all rats were mounted in isolated tissue baths for isometric force recording. Vessels were exposed to norepinephrine (6 x 10(-10) to 6 x 10(-6) M) for 20 minutes at each concentration. Oscillatory activity was defined as the sum of the phasic contractile amplitudes for all oscillations occurring during the final 10 minutes of norepinephrine incubation. Adrenalectomy markedly decreased blood pressure and oscillatory activity in SHRSP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3169950 TI - Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition improves diagnostic procedures for renovascular hypertension in dogs. AB - In renovascular hypertension adaptive mechanisms in the poststenotic kidney are a probable cause of the 20 to 25% false-negative findings during rapid sequence urography or [123I]o-iodohippurate renography. We blocked the renin-angiotensin system in an effort to increase the yield of these diagnostic procedures. Chronically instrumented, salt-depleted conscious dogs were used in which a light (n = 5), moderate (n = 4), or severe (n = 2) renal artery stenosis was induced. Before stenosis 10 of the dogs showed no left-right differences with either diagnostic procedure, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition did not change this result. Two to 3 weeks after induction of a renal artery stenosis, all dogs showed signs of renovascular hypertension. However, only 50% of the renograms and 22% of the urograms showed differences between the two kidneys indicative of the presence of stenosis. After ACE inhibition, all previously negative test results became positive (abnormal) and previously existing left right differences became more evidence. Electromagnetically measured renal blood flow on the stenotic side did not change during ACE inhibition (146 +/- 13 vs 145 +/- 21 ml/min), whereas contralateral blood flow showed a distinct increase (207 +/- 18 vs 282 +/- 20 ml/min, p less than 0.01). In conclusion, ACE inhibition markedly improves the sensitivity of rapid sequence urography and hippurate renography in the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension in the two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertensive dog. The effects of ACE inhibition on the handling of the different tracers do not appear to be related to its effects on renal blood flow or systemic blood pressure. PMID- 3169951 TI - The endothelium partially obscures enhanced microvessel reactivity in DOCA hypertensive rats. AB - This study examined the contribution of the endothelium to pressor and depressor responses in the isolated, perfused mesentery of mineralocorticoid hypertensive rats. Following uninephrectomy, adult male rats were made hypertensive by subcutaneous implantation of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA; 200 mg/kg); control rats were sham-treated. All rats received drinking water that contained 1.0% NaCl and 0.2% KCl. Following 4 to 6 weeks of treatment, the rats were anesthetized and the mesenteric vasculature was isolated and pump-perfused (constant flow with buffer) to evaluate changes in perfusion pressure. Vascular responses were determined before and after disruption of endothelial function by perfusion with oxygen free radicals generated in the buffer by electrical stimulation. Vasodilator responsiveness to acetylcholine and nitroprusside in the intact mesentery of hypertensive rats did not differ from that in the intact mesentery of normotensive rats, whereas pressor responses to norepinephrine in the intact mesentery of hypertensive rats were greater than normotensive values. Following disruption of endothelial function, depressor responses to acetylcholine were greatly attenuated whereas those to nitroprusside were unaltered or increased. Pressor responses to norepinephrine were potentiated in mesentery that had undergone endothelial disruption, and this potentiation was greater in hypertensive rats than in control rats. The slopes of pressure-flow curves in the presence of norepinephrine were less steep in mesentery with intact endothelium. The flow-modified component of these pressure-flow curves that was related to the endothelium was greater in mesenteric vascular beds of hypertensive rats. These results indicate that a factor released from the endothelium partially masks the enhanced vascular reactivity characteristic of this animal model of mineralocorticoid hypertension. PMID- 3169952 TI - Nifedipine: individual responses and concentration-effect relationships. AB - Dynamic and kinetic variability account for the large intersubject differences in the antihypertensive response to nifedipine, and a clear concentration-effect relationship has not been established. The effects of placebo, first dose, and chronic (1 and 6 weeks) treatment with nifedipine were studied in 14 subjects with essential hypertension using an integrated kinetic-dynamic model to calculate individual subject responsiveness in terms of fall in blood pressure per unit change in drug concentration. Nifedipine concentrations were well correlated with the fall in systolic blood pressure in individual subjects, and the mean responsiveness was -0.48 mm Hg/ng/ml after the first dose, -0.45 mm Hg/ng/ml after 1 week, and -0.49 mm Hg/ng/ml after 6 weeks. The responsiveness to the first dose of nifedipine was significantly correlated with the responsiveness after 1 (r = 0.83) and 6 weeks (r = 0.78) of therapy and with the height of the pretreatment blood pressure (r = 0.6). This study incorporated kinetic as well as dynamic information to characterize the antihypertensive response to nifedipine and identify nifedipine concentration-effect relationships in individual hypertensive subjects. PMID- 3169953 TI - Age and blood pressure changes. A 20-year follow-up study in nuns in a secluded order. AB - In a prospective study, 144 white nuns belonging to a secluded monastic order and 138 white control laywomen were followed for 20 years to investigate whether living for a long time in a stress-free environment influences the effect of aging on blood pressure. Silence, meditation, and isolation from society are the distinctive features of the life-style examined. At study entry, blood pressure was not dissimilar in the nuns and the control group, but it increased over time only in the controls, with a mean slope of the regression line (beta coefficient) of 0.089 in the nuns (NS) and 2.171 in the controls (p less than 0.0001) for systolic blood pressure and of 0.054 in the nuns (NS) and 0.742 in the controls (p less than 0.0001) for diastolic blood pressure. Weight and body mass index increased similarly over time in the two groups. Family history of hypertension was not dissimilar between the groups. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides, higher at study entry in the nuns, increased similarly over time in the two groups. Twenty-four-hour urinary sodium excretion, collected randomly in both groups, did not differ over time between nuns and controls. None of the women smoked or used oral contraceptives. Educational level was higher in the control group, but subgroups of 48 nuns and 52 laywomen of comparable educational level maintained the same difference in the blood pressure trend over time as in the main cohort. Parity affected the increase of systolic, but not of diastolic, blood pressure with age among the laywomen, but nuns and no-childbirth controls maintained a significantly different blood pressure trend over time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3169954 TI - Total norepinephrine spillover. PMID- 3169955 TI - Pulmonary diffusion capacity for Co at varying alveolar oxygen tensions and different alveolar volumes. AB - In six healthy nonsmoker volunteers pulmonary diffusion capacity for Co (DLCO) was determined by single breath holding technique. Multiple measurements of DLCO were taken with PAO2 from 70 to 610 mm Hg, out of which at least 10 tests were performed between 100 to 140 mm Hg. A wide and non uniform inverse relationship was found between DLCO and PAO2 from 70 to 610 mm Hg. In narrow range of 100-140 mm Hg, a highly significant linear negative correlation was found. To find out corrected DLCO at PAO2 120 mm Hg, expressed as DLCO120, a correction factor of 0.45% for each mm Hg change in PAO2 should be applied to measured DLCO inversely. By regulating inspiratory volume, DLCO was studied at different alveolar volumes and there was a direct positive correlation between them. DLCO should be measured at maximum alveolar volume, as with one percent fall in VA there is 0.69% decrease in DLCO. This new method of expressing DLCO as DLCO120 at maximal effective alveolar volume will be more useful in studying the effects of factors affecting DLCO and for interlaboratory comparison. PMID- 3169957 TI - Role of intravenous heparin and hydrocortisone in prevention of infusion thrombophlebitis. AB - In a study conducted on 110 patients intravenous heparin and cortisone were studied as regards their role in prevention of infusion thrombophlebitis. Intravenous heparin (500 I.U.) was given 6 hourly during the 24 hr period of saline infusion. Hydrocortisone (1 mg/100 ml) was added to the infusion itself. Of the 30 patients in the control group 3 patients developed thrombophlebitis (10%). In the group treated with intravenous heparin 3 out of the 40 patients (7.5%) developed thrombophlebitis. With hydrocortisone, only 1 out of 40 patients had thrombophlebitis, (2.5%). In the group in which hydrocortisone was used, the onset of phlebitis was also delayed. PMID- 3169956 TI - Bioflavonoids and vasoactive mediator release from mast cells. AB - 5-hydroxy and 7-hydroxy flavones significantly attenuated the carrageenin-induced pedal inflammation in rats; however, the anti-inflammatory effect declined at higher doses. These compounds produced positive inotropic effect on frog atria, which exhibited tachyphylaxis and was selectively abolished by indomethacin pretreatment. Studies on the rat mesenteric mast cells revealed that both the compounds, administered either in vitro or in vivo, induced a significant degree of mast cell degranulation in higher concentrations/doses. The mast cell degranulation induced by compound 48/80 was, however, prevented by lower, but not higher, concentrations/doses of the flavones. Local injection of 7-hydroxy flavone into the hind paw of rat showed that, in higher doses, the compound produced significant oedema. It was concluded that these compounds have a biphasic action: mast cell stabilisation and degranulation at lower and higher concentrations/doses, respectively. PMID- 3169958 TI - Effect of dietary restriction with and without leucine supplementation on hepatic protein status in rats. AB - In the present study effect of dietary restriction with and without leucine supplementation was observed on body and liver weights, and liver protein status, in adult rats. Animals were fed on two diets ad lib or were on 50 per cent and 25 per cent intakes. Dietary restriction resulted in loss of body and liver weights, hepatic protein, free-alpha-amino nitrogen and RNA contents and liver cell size (liver weight/DNA ratio). When compared with the control group, the decrease in these parameters was more in the dietary restricted leucine supplemented group. However, hepatic DNA content was not changed with the change in dietary regimen. The results suggest that leucine supplementation with dietary restriction may be more harmful for the animal than dietary restriction alone. PMID- 3169959 TI - Effect of oral zinc sulphate on serum lipids and lipoproteins in human subjects. AB - A controlled study was undertaken to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of zinc. Ten stabilized patients of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) were given 200 mg of zinc sulphate orally thrice a day for one month (Test group). Ten other patients were given a placebo (Control group). Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, alpha lipoproteins and beta-lipoproteins were measured before and after the treatment period. Test group showed a significant decrease in serum cholesterol and beta lipoproteins, a significant increase in alpha-lipoproteins and no significant change in triglycerides. Control group showed no significant change in any parameter. These results show the potential value of zinc sulphate in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and IHD. PMID- 3169960 TI - The standardized distal motor latencies and the peak to peak amplitudes of evoked muscle action potentials in the extremities of humans. AB - The values of Standardized Distal Motor Latency (SDML) of Median, Ulnar and Common Peroneal nerves and the peak to peak amplitude of Evoked Muscle Action Potentials (EMAP) of the small muscles of the limbs were studied in 50 normal subjects. The SDML values showed significant sex difference, whereas no sex difference was observed in the amplitude of the EMAPs. PMID- 3169961 TI - Changes in respiratory function tests during pregnancy. AB - Anatomical, physiological and biochemical adaptations that occur during pregnancy are profound. Changes in respiratory physiology are a part of the same process. In the present study of 70 selected women, 50 pregnant and nonpregnant control, it was found that out of seven parameters studied five showed changes. There were changes in respiratory frequency, tidal volume, vital capacity, inspiratory capacity and expiratory reserve volume. Maximum voluntary ventilation and timed vital capacity did not change. RF, VT, VC and IC rose significantly while ERV had a significant fall. These changes may be affecting ante-intranatal behaviour of pregnant women and their pregnancy outcome. PMID- 3169962 TI - Effects of enfenamic acid and its zinc salt on wound-healing. AB - Dose-matched comparison between zinc-salt of enfenamic acid and the parent compound was carried out in experimentally wounded male albino rats bearing either sutured incision, dead-space or excision wounds. Result showed that enfenamic-acid significantly decreased breaking-strength of incision wounds and this effects was totally reversed by zinc present in enfenamic acid-zinc salt. Both the parent compound and the salt had significant granulation suppressant effect in dead-space wounds. In excision wounds epithelization was enhanced by enfenamic acid only. The wound contraction was not affected by either test compound. PMID- 3169963 TI - Effect of administration and withdrawal of oral contraceptive pills on serum lipids and lipoproteins. AB - We studied the effects of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) supplied by the Govt of India in its Family Welfare Campaign, on serum lipid levels of women. The OCP, containing 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol and 1 mg of norethisterone acetate were administered to the women for six months continuously and serum lipid levels were estimated after three and six months of the treatment. There were no significant changes in serum cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), serum triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). In a simultaneous study we also measured serum lipid levels at 3 and 6 months after withdrawal of the pills in women who had been receiving OCP containing 50 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol and 0.5 mg of one of the progesterones for the past 1 1/2 to 2 years continuously. Only serum LDL level fell significantly (P less than 0.01) on 3 months withdrawal period. It is concluded that 6 months of usage of the OCP marketed by the Govt. of India does not affect the serum lipid profile. PMID- 3169964 TI - Anti-inflammatory effect of two earthworm potions in carrageenan pedal oedema test in rats. PMID- 3169965 TI - Study of gentamicin blood levels after intravenous administration at 6 and 18 hours in healthy adult males. PMID- 3169966 TI - Effect of recombinant DNA-produced tumor necrosis factor on various parameters of neutrophil function. AB - The effect of recombinant DNA-produced human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on various parameters of neutrophil function was evaluated. TNF was a weak direct activator of oxygen radical production. It released the specific granule contents to a limited extent, but the azurophilic granule contents were retained even in the presence of cytochalasin B. It had a chemotactic activity for neutrophils, as determined by the use of a modified Boyden's chamber. Pretreatment of neutrophils with TNF increased phagocytosis of opsonized particles and markedly potentiated in a dose-dependent manner oxygen radical production induced by opsonized zymosan. The inhibitors of lipoxygenase, but not those of cyclooxygenase, reduced the potentiating effect of TNF on phagocytosis, suggesting that the products of lipoxygenase play an important role in mediating the effect of TNF on neutrophils. PMID- 3169968 TI - Gastroenterological emergencies. PMID- 3169969 TI - Gastrointestinal manifestation of AIDS. PMID- 3169967 TI - Analgesic and antiinflammatory activity of constituents of Cannabis sativa L. AB - Two extracts of Cannabis sativa herb, one being cannabinoid-free (ethanol) and the other containing the cannabinoids (petroleum), were shown to inhibit PBQ induced writhing in mouse when given orally and also to antagonize tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA)-induced erythema of mouse skin when applied topically. With the exception of cannabinol (CBN) and delta 1 tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 1-THC), the cannabinoids and olivetol (their biosynthetic precursor) demonstrated activity in the PBQ test exhibiting their maximal effect at doses of about 100 micrograms/kg. delta 1-THC only became maximally effective in doses of 10 mg/kg. This higher dose corresponded to that which induced catalepsy and is indicative of a central action. CNB demonstrated little activity and even at doses in excess of 10 mg/kg could only produce a 40% inhibition of PBQ-induced writhing. Cannabinoid (CBD) was the most effective of the cannabinoids at doses of 100 micrograms/kg. Doses of cannabinoids that were effective in the analgesic test orally were used topically to antagonize TPA induced erythema of skin. The fact that delta 1-THC and CBN were the least effective in this test suggests a structural relationship between analgesic activity and antiinflammatory activity among the cannabinoids related to their peripheral actions and separate from the central effects of delta 1-THC. PMID- 3169971 TI - A radiological assessment of interprosthetic movement in the Charnley-Hastings hemiarthroplasty. AB - Forty-six patients with acute displaced subcapital fractures of the femur were treated between December 1982 and December 1984 with Charnley-Hastings bipolar prostheses. The interprosthetic movement in 23 patients was assessed radiologically at least 1 year after surgery. Four patients (17.4 per cent) had no interprosthetic movement in abduction but the remainder (82.6 per cent) had some movement, although only 3 patients (13 per cent) had more than 5 degrees of abduction within the prosthesis. PMID- 3169970 TI - 99Tcm-MDP bone scanning of injuries of the carpal scaphoid. AB - Clinical injuries of the carpal scaphoid are frequently seen at accident and emergency departments. Some exhibit delayed radiographic visualization of a fracture. The radioisotope bone scan is a sensitive test and increased uptake is observed in healing fractures. Twenty-three patients with an initial diagnosis of clinical fractures of the scaphoid were studied clinically, radiologically and independently by 99Tcm-MDP isotope scans. Three-quarters of the patients required only 1 month's management. Their corresponding bone scans were normal or not suggestive of a fracture. The remaining 25 per cent, who clinically required a more prolonged treatment (greater than or equal to 5 weeks' immobilization), were noted independently to have positive scans whether a fracture was observed or not. It is concluded that there is a stronger correlation between clinical examination and a bone scan than with a standard radiographic examination. It is proposed that patients still tender at 3 weeks should have a carpal isotope bone scan to identify if there is an important wrist injury and appropriate treatment commenced. PMID- 3169973 TI - Carbon fibre reinforcement for chronic lateral ankle instability. AB - Flexible carbon fibre implants have been used in 40 cases of chronic ankle instability. The carbon fibre implant permits retention of inversion, does not interfere with peroneal function and is simple to insert. Thirty-seven cases were available for review 46 months after surgery. In 35 cases normal stability had been restored, and 22 patients continued to have an excellent result when reviewed. In 13 cases the implant was subsequently removed, and where no other stabilizing operation was carried out instability recurred. The problems necessitating implant removal have been recognized, and the technique modified to prevent their recurring. PMID- 3169972 TI - The significance of arthroscopy and examination under anaesthesia in the diagnosis of fresh injury haemarthrosis of the knee joint. AB - Arthroscopy and examination under anaesthesia were performed for 328 consecutive knee injuries with haemarthrosis. These examinations were grouped according to a modified classification (Jackson and Abe, 1972) into very useful (117/328, 36 per cent), useful (98/328, 30 per cent) and useless (113/328, 34 per cent) categories. The probability of arthroscopy being useful was estimated mathematically. The factors which made this procedure useful were knee pain on exertion before the injury (P = 0.0561), the mechanism of the injury (P less than 0.0001) and the clinical stability of the patella (P = 0.0007). On arrival in the emergency department it was first decided whether the leg should be mobilized, immobilized in a plaster cast, operated on or, if a definitive diagnosis could not be reached, arthroscopy was deemed necessary. This resulted in the treatment following arthroscopy, and examination under anaesthesia, being altered from conservative to operative (P less than 0.0001). Results suggest that arthroscopy and examination under anaesthesia should always be considered to help in the diagnosis of acute injury haemarthrosis of the knee especially after a valgus or varus strain. PMID- 3169974 TI - Evaluation of the 3M staplizer: a new internal fixation system. AB - Clinical evaluation of a new method for internal fixation with power-driven staples is presented. We have used the 3M staplizer for 2 years in 100 cases and the result of the fixation obtained with the titanium staples in metaphyseal bone has been very good. Ninety-six cases healed without any problems, and in 4 there was displacement. The only case with infection was successfully treated with antibiotics. We conclude that the 3M staplizer is a reliable method for internal fixation of metaphyseal bone. The staples are easily driven into the bone, reasonable stability is obtained and the method is fast and safe. PMID- 3169975 TI - Motorcycling--a high risk activity. PMID- 3169976 TI - Flammability of modern synthetic bandages. AB - The potential fire hazard associated with polyurethane impregnated fibreglass bandages has been investigated. Tests have been carried out in accordance with the most appropriate British Standard (BS5438:1976). Results of these tests show that polyurethane impregnated fibreglass bandages do not represent a serious risk to a wearer as the rate of heat transfer through the casts is sufficiently rapid to alert the wearer of the proximity of a heat source before the cast ignites. PMID- 3169977 TI - A technique for transfer of patients to a fracture table. AB - A simple method of transfer of patients from a surgical transport trolley to a fracture table, using a modified canvas stretcher, is described. It is believed that this technique offers increased safety to the patients and the hospital personnel. PMID- 3169978 TI - Epiphyseal fracture of the metacarpal head. PMID- 3169979 TI - The treatment of femoral shortening after intramedullary nailing. AB - A method of treatment of femoral shortening, which may follow medullary nailing of oblique or comminuted fractures of the shaft of the femur, is described. Three cases are reported in which this method was used. The method is simple and may be the only practical way of dealing with this difficult problem. PMID- 3169980 TI - Constrictive pericarditis as a complication of closed chest injury. PMID- 3169982 TI - Bilateral thoracic outlet syndrome following non-union of clavicles, associated with radio-osteodystrophy. PMID- 3169981 TI - Closed traction lesions of the brachial plexus--an epidemic among young motorcyclists. AB - One-hundred-and-sixty patients with closed traction lesions of the brachial plexus sustained in motorcycle accidents were asked about their accident. One hundred-and-six responded. Most were young men with limited experience of riding motorcycles. Riders with less than one year's experience were more likely to be injured in the absence of another vehicle than were more experienced riders. Two thirds of those responding felt the present training requirements for motorcyclists to be inadequate. PMID- 3169983 TI - Obstruction of the anal canal by a fracture of the pelvis. PMID- 3169985 TI - Penetrating abdominal trauma following an accident on an artificial ski slope. PMID- 3169984 TI - Axillary artery thrombosis following a fracture of the neck of the humerus. AB - A rare case of axillary artery thrombosis following a displaced fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus is presented. PMID- 3169986 TI - Why do children break their arms? AB - Over a 1-year period the mode of fracture of the long bones of children's upper limbs was analysed. There were 277 fractures and 4 dislocations recorded. The most common fractures were of the distal radius and ulna. Most injuries were due to falls from a low height but those from a high fall necessitated hospital admission most frequently. Preventative measures are discussed. PMID- 3169987 TI - Damage of the outer membrane of enteric gram-negative bacteria by lactoferrin and transferrin. AB - Many studies have shown that lactoferrin and transferrin have antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria, but a mechanism of action has not been defined. We hypothesized that the iron-binding proteins could affect the gram negative outer membrane in a manner similar to that of the chelator EDTA. The ability of lactoferrin and transferrin to release radiolabeled lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from a UDP-galactose epimerase-deficient Escherichia coli mutant and from wild-type Salmonella typhimurium strains was tested. Initial studies in barbital acetate buffer showed that EDTA and lactoferrin cause significant release of LPS from all three strains. Further studies found that LPS release was blocked by iron saturation of lactoferrin, occurred between pH 6 and 7.5, was comparable for bacterial concentrations from 10(4) to 10(7) CFU/ml, and increased with increasing lactoferrin concentrations. Studies using Hanks balanced salt solution lacking calcium and magnesium showed that transferrin also could cause LPS release. Additionally, both lactoferrin and transferrin increased the antibacterial effect of a subinhibitory concentration of rifampin, a drug excluded by the bacterial outer membrane. This work demonstrates that these iron binding proteins damage the gram-negative outer membrane and alter bacterial outer membrane permeability. PMID- 3169988 TI - Purification and characterization of lipooligosaccharides from four strains of "Haemophilus somnus". AB - Lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) from four strains of "Haemophilus somnus" were purified and their electrophoretic profile, composition, endotoxic activity, and antigenic properties were analyzed. The LOSs were most efficiently purified by enzyme digestion, hot aqueous phenol extraction, and ultracentrifugation. Each LOS could be separated into two to six distinct bands with apparent Mrs of 3280 to 4960, following electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. Each LOS contained dodecanoic, tetradecanoic, and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic fatty acids; a high proportion of hexose, 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, and phosphate; and a small amount of heptose; glucosamine was present in both the oligosaccharide and the lipid A. Each "H. somnus" LOS demonstrated endotoxic activity, as determined by gelation of Limulus ameobocyte lysate, the dermal Schwartzman reaction, and mouse lethality. Antiserum to purified "H. somnus" LOS cross-reacted with all strains of "H. somnus" tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), but not to any Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, or Pasteurella species tested. "H. somnus" LOS was a poor immunogen, but inhibition, dot blot, and sandwich ELISA data indicated that antibodies made to LOS were predominantly, though not exclusively, to lipid A. Monoclonal antibodies directed to "H. somnus" LOS confirmed that lipid A and non-lipid A determinants were present. PMID- 3169989 TI - Isolation of a spiral-shaped bacterium from the cat stomach. AB - A spiral- or helix-shaped bacterium that colonizes the stomachs of cats has been isolated in pure culture for the first time. The organism is tightly coiled with tufts of 10 to 17 polar flagella positioned slightly off center at the end of the cell. The body of the cell is entwined with unique periplasmic fibrils that usually occur in pairs, although groupings of one and three fibrils were also seen. The organism is strongly urease, catalase, and oxidase positive and is likely to belong to an as yet unclassified group of bacteria that are specifically adapted to the ecological niche provided by gastrointestinal mucus. Isolation of this organism will allow study of the factors influencing colonization of gastric mucosae, information relevant to the association of another mucus colonizer, Campylobacter pylori, with the human stomach. Recent reports of the isolation of other bacteria with the characteristic periplasmic surface structures suggests that the group may be more widespread than was hitherto thought. Bacteria with the morphology of the organisms seen in the cat stomach have been seen in gastric biopsies from humans. The organism whose isolation is reported here has been used in previous serological studies to support the hypothesis that spiral bacteria from animals can colonize the human stomach. PMID- 3169990 TI - Acid phosphatase activity of virulent and avirulent clones of Leishmania donovani promastigotes. AB - Virulent and avirulent clones of Leishmania donovani promastigotes were examined for their acid phosphatase activity. The acid phosphatase activity of whole-cell lysates of virulent clones was 1.5 to 2.0 times higher than that of avirulent clones. Pellet fractions (260,000 x g, 30 min) from sonicated promastigotes of a virulent clone and an avirulent clone contained 60 and 40% of the total enzyme activity, respectively. Membrane-bound acid phosphatase was extracted with Triton X-100 from the pellet. This membrane-bound phosphatase activity was 2.4-fold higher in virulent organisms than in avirulent organisms. The membrane acid phosphatase exhibited two distinct bands on polyacrylamide gels stained for enzyme activity. One diffuse, faster-migrating band showed identical electrophoretic mobility in both virulent and avirulent clones, although a higher enzymatic activity was observed with the extract from virulent cells. In contrast, a slower-migrating band was different between the two clones in the mobility. These results suggest that membrane-bound acid phosphatase was quantitatively and qualitatively different between virulent and avirulent promastigotes of L. donovani. In addition, virulent cells produced a relatively high level of acid phosphatase throughout the growth in culture. PMID- 3169991 TI - Cholera enterotoxin-induced mucus secretion and increase in the mucus blanket of the rabbit ileum in vivo. AB - The in vivo rabbit ileum was used to study the relationship of cholera enterotoxin-induced water and electrolyte secretion and mucus secretion and to determine whether the enterotoxin influenced the intestinal mucus blanket. In experiments in which luminal fluid viscosity was used to assess mucus secretion, it was found that while cholera enterotoxin induced a sustained secretion of water and electrolytes, the toxin-induced mucus hypersecretion was short lived (3 to 5 h) and subsequent exposure of the mucosa to cholera enterotoxin or prostaglandin E1 did not stimulate mucus secretion further. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline caused a modest mucus secretion in ileal loops which differed from that of cholera enterotoxin in both magnitude and in the fact that the mucus secretion occurred 2 to 3 h after the onset of water and electrolyte secretion. An oral replacement solution was used in the ileum to reduce the enterotoxin induced loss of water and electrolytes into the lumen. While such a solution slowed the appearance of acidic glycoprotein in the intestinal lumen, it did not change the amount of glycoprotein secreted over a 7-h period, suggesting that toxin-induced mucus secretion was not simply due to a flushing action of the experimentally caused diarrhea. To assess mucus blanket thickness, neutral glycoprotein was recovered from the blanket of rabbit ileal loops 7 h after exposure to cholera enterotoxin and the thickness of the mucus blanket was measured directly 4 and 18 h after toxin exposure. Both methods indicated that even though cholera enterotoxin-induced mucus hypersecretion had subsided and there was histological evidence of goblet cell mucin depletion, there was a sustained increase in mucus blanket thickness that was detectable for at least 18 h after mucosal enterotoxin exposure. PMID- 3169992 TI - Glucan-binding factor in saliva. AB - High-molecular-weight polymers of alpha-1,6-linked D-glucans are insoluble in alcohol solutions. Whole, but not parotid, saliva prevented the precipitation of D-glucans by 80% (vol/vol) ethanol, showing that the whole saliva contained a factor which complexed with the glucan to render it alcohol soluble. The glucan binding factor was retained on a column of Sephacryl S-200 which had been preequilibrated with 80% ethanol. The factor was then eluted with water. Passive hemagglutination assays revealed that the glucan-binding factor could sensitize erythrocytes to agglutination with anti-poly(glycerolphosphate), suggesting that the active glucan-binding component with lipoteichoic acid. The glucan solubilizing factor was resistant to heat (100 degrees C), proteases, sialidase, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, trichloroacetic acid, and Triton X-100. When sucrose was added to saliva, a suspension of Streptococcus cricetus AHT, or a suspension of Streptococcus sanguis 10556, relatively large amounts of glucan-binding factor were released in a soluble form. In addition, penicillin G caused the release of the glucan-solubilizing component from a suspension of S. cricetus AHT. It is suggested that whole saliva contains a component, tentatively identified as lipoteichoic acid, which can complex with glucans in a relatively hydrophobic solvent. This type of complex formation may be important in the adhesion of oral streptococci to saliva-coated surfaces. PMID- 3169993 TI - Clinical, histopathological, and immunological responses of ponies to Ehrlichia sennetsu and subsequent Ehrlichia risticii challenge. AB - Ehrlichia risticii has a close antigenic relationship to E. sennetsu. Sera of ponies experimentally infected with E. risticii, the etiologic agent of Potomac horse fever, consistently reacted with E. sennetsu, a human pathogen, in indirect fluorescent-antibody (IFA) testing, while human E. sennetsu convalescent serum reacted with E. risticii by IFA testing and immunoferritin labeling of cells infected in vitro. Two ponies injected intravenously with live E. sennetsu did no develop clinical illness. Subsequent injection with live E. sennetsu did not develop clinical illness. Subsequent injection with live E. risticii also did not induce any disease, in contrast to two control ponies given E. risticii without prior exposure to E. sennetsu. Both controls developed fever, anorexia, depression, dehydration, and diarrhea, which are typical clinical signs of Potomac horse fever, and had characteristic lesions of enteritis and lymph node histiocytosis at postmortem examination. E. sennetsu-exposed ponies had normal gastrointestinal morphologies and lymph node hyperplasia. Ponies primed with E. sennetsu before E. risticii challenge developed high titers of immunoglobulin G antibody which reacted against both E. sennetsu and E. risticii antigens by IFA testing. The most prominent antigenic polypeptide in Western (immuno-) blot analysis of sera collected from ponies primed with E. sennetsu before subsequent challenge with E. risticii was present in lysates of both Ehrlichia species and had an apparent molecular mass of 44 kilodaltons. This band was not prominent in Western blots performed with sera of ponies injected with E. risticii alone. Thus, injection of E. sennetsu protects ponies from clinical and pathological manifestations of the disease induced by injection with E. risticii. Immunologic cross-reactivity of the two organisms with IFA testing and strong immunologic recognition by ponies of the 44-kilodalton antigen common to the two organisms may be related to the development of protective immunity against E. risticii. PMID- 3169994 TI - Gastric colonization by Campylobacter pylori subsp. mustelae in ferrets. AB - Campylobacter pylori subsp. mustelae was cultured from both normal and inflamed gastric mucosa of ferrets. Examination of neonatal, juvenile, and adult ferrets established that the gastric mucosa in the majority of preweanling (age, less than 6 weeks) ferrets sampled were not colonized with C. pylori subsp. mustelae, whereas the gastric mucosa of 100% of adult ferrets were colonized with this gastric organism. C. pylori subsp. mustelae was isolated from the gastric mucosa on a sequential basis from nine ferrets during a several-month period, inferring either persistent colonization or frequent reinfection with C. pylori subsp. mustelae. PMID- 3169996 TI - Health surveillance of individual workers exposed to chemical agents. Summary report, conclusions and recommendations. PMID- 3169995 TI - Cell walls from avirulent variants of Histoplasma capsulatum lack alpha-(1,3) glucan. AB - Cell wall composition of isogenic virulent-avirulent strain pairs of Histoplasma capsulatum varied markedly with respect to alpha-(1,3)-glucan content. When yeast cell walls were fractionated by standard techniques, the avirulent strains contained up to 1,000-fold less alpha-(1,3)-glucan than did their virulent parents. No alpha-(1,3)-glucan could be detected on the surface of the avirulent strain yeast cells if we used a mouse monoclonal antibody that recognized this polymer. A similar relationship between virulence and alpha-(1,3)-glucan has been described for Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. alpha-(1,3)-Glucan is also found in several other pathogenic fungi and may thus be an important common virulence determinant. PMID- 3169997 TI - Health surveillance of individual workers exposed to chemical agents. PMID- 3169999 TI - Priority setting for health surveys of workers. AB - In determining the priorities for health surveys of workers, several factors need to be assessed, including (a) existing legislation, (b) the identification of an agent as hazardous and (c) the potential value of the surveys. Each of these factors has been examined in more detail with a view to determining the various elements that need to be taken into account in establishing priorities. In addition, a review has been made of occupational health services and of occupational health monitoring in the European Community. PMID- 3169998 TI - Assessing the health impact of total exposure at and off work: methodological problems in occupational epidemiology. PMID- 3170000 TI - Structural properties of economic systems and health risks. PMID- 3170003 TI - Stress responses during anesthesia. PMID- 3170002 TI - Intra- and interindividual variability of biochemical and haematological parameters in periodical health surveillance. PMID- 3170001 TI - Screening models in occupational health practice for assessment of combined exposure to chemicals at work. PMID- 3170004 TI - Relationship between neutrophil infiltration and tissue eosinophilia in the rat. AB - Infection of rats with the parasite Mesocestoides corti increased the numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils and mononuclear cells in the blood. These peaked 11 days after infection and had declined to control levels by day 24. Increased number of eosinophils and mononuclear cells were also present in the peritoneal cavities of rats 24 days after infection. These gradually declined to reach control values by day 81. Intraperitoneal administration of glycogen to uninfected rats and to rats that had been infected for 24 and 81 days caused a transient increase in blood neutrophil numbers, maximal at 4 h. Although glycogen increased the numbers of neutrophils in the peritoneal cavities of uninfected animals and animals infected for 81 days, it did not increase the number of peritoneal neutrophils in rats that had been infected 24 days earlier. These results suggest that neutrophil infiltration can be impaired in animals undergoing an inflammatory response characterized by increased numbers of eosinophils. PMID- 3170005 TI - Investigations of patients allergic to the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis using purified mite bodies and whole mite culture extracts. AB - Sera of 20 patients allergic to the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were investigated by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) using extracts prepared from purified mite bodies (PMB) and whole mite culture (WMC). By CRIE, different allergen patterns and different numbers of allergens were detected in the two extracts. By summarizing the values of the CRIE patterns of the 20 patients' sera into allergograms, 6 out of 16 allergens in PMB and 5 out of 10 allergens in WMC extracts could be identified as major allergens. These diverging results, together with the published literature, emphasize the necessity to reevaluate the International Standard for D. pteronyssinus. PMID- 3170006 TI - Isolation and characterization of messenger RNA from male inflorescences and pollen of the white birch (Betula verrucosa). AB - A glycoprotein with a molecular weight (MW) of 17 kilodaltons (kD), Bet v I, represents the major allergen of the white birch (Betula verrucosa, BV) and plays an important role in tree-pollen-induced type I allergic reactions. In order to characterize the major and also some minor allergens of BV, we investigated the IgE-binding properties of these allergens using immunoblot techniques. Normal and patients' sera were employed for this study. Furthermore, RNA from male inflorescences and from pollen of BV were isolated and purified by affinity chromatography on oligo-dT-cellulose. Poly(A)+-mRNA thus obtained was translated in vitro in a cell-free wheat germ system and the proteins synthesized were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose. The blots were incubated with normal human sera and with sera from patients allergic to birch pollen. Bound IgE antibodies were detected with 125I-labeled anti-IgE. We observed major IgE binding to a protein of an MW of 12.5 kD, and little IgE binding to a 17-kD protein, presumably Bet v I. Comparing the products of in vitro translation from mRNA preparations of mature pollen and of male inflorescences collected in June, October and February, little seasonal variations could be observed. As the in vitro translation system does not glycosylate proteins, our results show that the majority of IgE in patients' sera is not directed against the carbohydrate moieties of these allergens. PMID- 3170007 TI - Hypocomplementemia and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clinical correlates and relationships to circulating immune complex and immunoglobulin G levels. AB - The levels of C4 and C3 were measured and related to other immunological and clinical parameters in 44 patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Circulating immune complexes (C1q-CIC) as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay employing monoclonal antibody with specificity for bound Clq, and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations were assessed simultaneously. Clinical parameters assessed included: (1) the presence of specific anti infective medications; (2) the presence of hypotension and fluid administration, and (3) bacterial and specific opportunistic infections. Hypocomplementemia was observed in 25 of 46 sera for C3, and in 8 of 46 sera for C4. Clq-CIC increases were seen in 26 of 46 sera and hyper-IgG was present in 25 of 46 sera. Lower C3 concentrations were significantly associated with elevated Clq-CIC levels (p less than 0.001). There were significant correlations between Clq-CIC levels and C3 concentrations (p = 0.0065, negative) and IgG levels (p = 0.0075, positive). Clq CIC were significantly higher with serum p-24 antigen levels of 50 pg/ml or greater. These data demonstrate that elevated Clq-CIC and hypocomplementemia are both common in HIV-infected patients and may have significant relationships. PMID- 3170008 TI - Incidence of organic dust toxic syndrome and allergic alveolitis in Swedish farmers. AB - The incidence of allergic alveolitis (AA) and of febrile reactions (FR) to inhaled mold dust in those who did not meet the criteria of AA was investigated in Swedish farmers, and the findings were related to farming methods and exposure type. A questionnaire was completed by 6,702 farmers. A stratified sample of 390 farmers underwent examination comprising spirometry, a skin-prick test, blood tests for precipitating antibodies and total IgE and an interview concerning symptoms, exposure and farming methods. The yearly incidence of AA was 2-3/10,000 farmers. The incidence of FR was 30-50 times higher (1/100 farmers) and the majority of these reactions was of a toxic rather than allergic type (organic dust toxic syndrome). Among farmers with recent FR or AA there was a higher frequency of positive precipitin reactions (p less than 0.05). Exposures to moldy grain, straw, wood chips and hay were associated with both AA and FR. A major difference in exposure between 17 farmers with AA and 80 with FR was that AA appeared to require repeated exposure, while FR was associated with occasional heavy exposure to mold dust. PMID- 3170010 TI - Studies on immunological air pouch inflammation in the rat. AB - The development of a novel immune-based model of inflammation in the subcutaneous air pouch of the rat is described. Rats were sensitized by injection with methylated bovine serum albumin emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant and challenged 14 days later by injection of heat-aggregated antigen in saline into a 6-day subcutaneous air pouch. Time course studies revealed a peak polymorph cell infiltration at 24 h with no exudate formation, followed by a separate mononuclear cell response, rapid exudate formation, and granuloma formation over the 2- to 7-day period. Separate peaks of increased vascular permeability were observed in the acute and chronic phases of the response. This reaction was considered to be an example of delayed-type hypersensitivity based on its extended time course, the characteristic time course of oedema formation in foot pad-challenged rats, and the failure of serum from sensitized rats to elicit a reversed passive Arthus-type reaction. The sensitization schedule was also shown to enhance the acute inflammatory response to carrageenan. In addition, the 'flare-up' reaction to secondary antigenic challenge was investigated in 7-day postchallenge lesions. PMID- 3170009 TI - Relation between the level of IgG subclasses and infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - IgG subclasses in sera from 48 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relation between the level of IgG subclasses and infections was investigated. In patients with SLE, IgG2 and IgG4 decreased when compared to normal subjects. In patients with infections, IgG3 and IgG4 were decreased when compared to patients without infections. When the level of IgG3 was less than 60 microliter/ml and the level of IgG4 was less than 20 microliters/ml, infection was increased, especially mycotic infections. It was shown that the estimation of IgG3 and IgG4 serum levels served as important indices for infection. PMID- 3170011 TI - Phenotypic and functional analysis of cellular cytotoxicity after splenectomy. AB - Phenotypic and functional aspects of cellular cytotoxicity were investigated in patients after splenectomy. While assays testing for natural killer cell (NK) activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity showed a significantly reduced (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.025, respectively) activity of the relevant cell populations, lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity was either normal or, in one dilution of phytohemagglutinin, even significantly increased (p less than 0.025), as compared to healthy control persons. In a search for a possible explanation for this phenomenon, it was found that the total lymphocyte count was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) in patients after splenectomy, when compared with healthy control individuals. However, neither the absolute cell count nor the percentage of Leu7+ lymphocytes showed significant differences between splenectomized patients and controls. In contrast, the percentages of (Leu7+Leu2)+, OKT11+, OKT4+ and Leu2a+ lymphocytes were significantly decreased (p less than 0.0025, p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.005, respectively) in splenectomized patients with not only the percentage, but also the absolute number of DR+ lymphocytes being significantly increased (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.05, respectively). We thus conclude that in patients after splenectomy NK activity is decreased which may possibly be due to the lack of a NK subset. In contrast, the overall percentages of T cells (OKT11+), T helper/inducer (OKT4+) and T suppressor cells (Leu2a+) were significantly decreased in patients after splenectomy, although this defect could be compensated by a significant increase in the absolute lymphocyte number. PMID- 3170013 TI - Evaluation of specific immunoglobulin E by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in hydatid disease. AB - The diagnostic significance of elevated hydatid-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated against hydatid-specific IgG ELISA and Casoni's intradermal test in surgically proven cases of hydatidosis. A specific IgE ELISA did not correlate with IgG ELISA or Casoni's intradermal test, although its recorded sensitivity was 87%. The specific IgE ELISA was at the same time false-positive in 57.14% of the cases because of its cross-reactions with cases of ascariasis and taeniasis, unlike Casoni's intradermal test and specific IgG ELISA. It is suggested that, in a helminth-infested population, the determination of specific IgE levels is not better than Casoni's intradermal or specific IgG ELISA tests. PMID- 3170014 TI - Effectiveness of self-generated cues in younger and older adults: the role of retention interval. AB - Younger and older participants generated one or three properties to a set of forty nouns. Immediately after, one week after, or three weeks after this generation phase, the participants received an incidental recall test, in which they were cued with their self-generated properties, and requested to recall the nouns. Although the younger adults recalled more nouns than the older participants in all conditions, both age groups exhibited an extremely high level of immediate recall. In addition, younger and older adults did not differ with respect to the forgetting rate, and both age groups recalled more nouns when three, as compared to one, properties were provided as cues. It is suggested that cue effectiveness is optimized both for younger and older adults when the cues describing the information encoded are compatible and distinctive. Finally, it is emphasized that the individual's idiosyncratic knowledge may serve an important function in attempts at optimizing memory performance of elderly people. PMID- 3170012 TI - New allergens from hen's egg white and egg yolk. In vitro study of ovomucin, apovitellenin I and VI, and phosvitin. AB - Three hen egg yolk proteins, apovitellenins I and VI and phosvitin, and one egg white protein, ovomucin, were purified and tested for their ability to bind IgE in the sera of patients hypersensitive to egg. All of the proteins bound IgE from the sera of egg-allergic individuals in the radioallergosorbent test, and they also inhibited binding of IgE to the parent fractions-either egg yolk (apovitellenins I and VI and phosvitin) or egg white (ovomucin). It appears that apovitellenins I and VI are major allergens for some of the individuals tested. This is the first report of the in vitro allergenicity of these proteins. PMID- 3170015 TI - Just World beliefs and attitudes toward helping elderly people: a comparison of British and Canadian university students. AB - Social science students from a British university and a Canadian university were studied to determine the relationship between their beliefs in a just world and their attitudes toward helping elderly people who have social, economic or health needs. Approximately 30 percent of the British students (N = 71) and 50 percent of the Canadian students (N = 124) expressed a belief in a just world. In both groups, just world believers blamed elderly people for being in poor health or financial circumstances, and the Canadian just world believers also tended to dismiss the needs of elderly people for the convenience of society. These and other differences in the attitudes of the British and Canadian students toward elderly people are discussed from a social and historical context. Implications of a belief in a just world by social science students are discussed in relation to the provision of social services to elderly people. PMID- 3170016 TI - Are elderly felons treated more leniently by the criminal justice system? AB - California Offender Based Transaction System (O.B.T.S.) data are utilized to examine the processing of all elderly felons (N = 1,562) compared to felons twenty to fifty-nine (N = 160,413) to determine if elderly felons "get off easier." Elderly criminals were treated more harshly at the front end of the criminal justice system (through conviction) and more leniently at sentencing. The apparent leniency at sentencing was not found for all offenses examined and thus the overall pattern of leniency was due to the mix of offenses for which the elderly were convicted. Though age was a better predictor of arrest rates than sex or race, the latter two variables were better predictors of processing by the criminal justice system. PMID- 3170017 TI - Indoor and outdoor activities of aged women and men as related to depression and well-being. AB - This article examines the relations between reported level of activity and measures of affect in old people exploring possible sex differences. It was hypothesized that these relations are mediated by the satisfaction from the specific activity. The sample consisted of fifty-four women and forty-five men, ranging in age from sixty to eighty, functioning normally in the community. A questionnaire assessed participants' levels of indoor/outdoor activities. Participants rated their satisfaction for each of these activities. Negative affect was measured by Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale, and positive affect was measured by Bradburn's Well-Being (Affect-Balance) Scale. For male respondents, results showed significant negative correlations between depression and both activities, and significant positive correlations with respect to well being. Significant positive correlation was obtained only between well-being and outdoor activity for female respondents. When satisfaction from the specific activity was controlled for, only two correlations remained significant in the male participants, lending partial support to the hypothesis. A multiple regression analysis revealed reported levels of activity could predict both depression and well-being for men much better than for women, whereas satisfaction from activity could do that much better for women than for men. Discussion deals with the sex differences regarding the meaning of activity in old age and its implications for affect. The differentiation between kinds of activity as well as measures of affect is also referenced. PMID- 3170018 TI - Validation of a single-step procedure for the objective assessment of sperm motility characteristics. AB - A relatively cheap method is described for the objective assessment of sperm concentration and motility characteristics. The method uses a digitizing tablet with cursor, a micro-computer and a phase-contrast or dark-field microscope equipped with a drawing tube. With this technique the following are accurately assessed: sperm concentration, percentage motility, motility grading, concentration of grade a motile spermatozoa, sperm velocity, linear velocity, linearity and angularity. The data are acquired in less than 5 min. Validation studies reveal this method to be accurate, reproducible (coefficient of variation of motility characteristics = less than 7%) and clinically useful. PMID- 3170019 TI - Investigation of the cause of low sperm motility in asthenozoospermic patients by multiple quantitative tests. AB - Multiple tests were done on the ejaculates of 10 asthenozoospermic patients and nine healthy normozoospermic volunteers in an attempt to identify individually the cause of low sperm motility in these patients. Possible defects in the sperm plasma membrane and the motility apparatus of sperm, and in epididymal function affecting the development of motility, were investigated. The presence of seminal sperm antibodies or any motility-inhibiting factors in the seminal plasma that could be removed by washing were also tested. Each test was positive in only one or two patients but axonemal dysfunction was identified in nine patients. Removal of seminal plasma from asthenozoospermic samples did not improve sperm motility to any greater extent than with donor ejaculates, and the motile sperm of these patients exhibited characteristics mostly similar to those of donors under various incubation conditions. Selection procedures are, therefore, required to obtain samples of good quality sperm from such asthenozoospermic ejaculates. PMID- 3170020 TI - Detection of microfilaments in rat Sertoli cell ectoplasmic specializations with NBD-phallicidin. AB - The identification of microfilaments contained within Sertoli cell ectoplasmic specializations (ES) in intact rat testes is reported. In order to determine the presence and configuration of ES during the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium, frozen sections of testes were prepared and stained with NBD-phallicidin (NBDP). Results revealed that Sertoli cell ES become most prominent immediately adjacent to acrosomal caps of spermatids, once these begin their elongation phase of maturation. Significant association of ES with spermatogenic cells earlier than round spermatids was not detected with NBDP. Intense staining of the ES continued up to the final stages preceding sperm release, and was followed by dissipation of the fluorescence. These results indicate that the disappearance of ES, as detected with NBDP, does not correlate precisely with sperm release. PMID- 3170021 TI - Effects of differentiation state and post-castration time lapse on the epididymal response of the lizard to testosterone in vitro: changes in specific protein and mRNA levels. AB - The epididymis of the viviparous lizard secretes large amounts of proteins among which L-proteins are prominent components. It undergoes great morphological and physiological modifications during its testosterone-controlled annual cycle. The effects of testosterone on L-proteins synthesis and L-mRNA concentrations were studied in cultures of organs regressed after castration. Of three tested serum supplements (2% Ultroser, 10% fetal calf serum, 10% calf serum) calf serum was shown to be essential for androgen-specific control of L-proteins synthesis. The duration of castration governed the in-vitro response to testosterone principally at the level of L-proteins synthesis. The onset of synthesis was delayed in 2 month post-castration explants, compared with 1-month post-castration explants, and was dissociated from appearance of the mRNA. This suggests that there is translational control of secretory proteins in the regressed epididymis. Conversely, the response to testosterone at the mRNA level was delayed in explants from animals castrated during a non-secretory state, compared with explants from animals castrated at the onset of secretion. These results, together with other data, suggest that expression of the L-proteins is under multifactorial control and that the influence of multiple controlling elements varies with the stage of differentiation. PMID- 3170022 TI - Liposoluble vitamins and lipid parameters in breast cancer. A joint study in northern Italy and southern France. AB - The relationship between breast cancer, liposoluble vitamins, cholesterol and triglycerides was investigated by means of a hospital-based case-control study conducted at Milan (Italy) and Montpellier (France). These parameters were measured in blood samples taken from 319 cases and 344 controls. The interview included an evaluation of dietary intake of liposoluble vitamins. No difference emerged in liposoluble vitamin consumption, whereas a statistically significantly higher serum level of cholesterol and plasma level of vitamin E existed in cases compared to controls. The difference in plasma vitamin E was confirmed after adjustment for total cholesterol and triglycerides. In contrast, vitamin A variations appear to follow triglyceride trends. A multivariate analysis of the vitamin E plasma level was performed after classification of cases and controls according to quintile distribution of controls. All known risk factors plus age, serum total cholesterol and triglycerides were used as covariates. The odds ratio value for the highest quintile of plasma vitamin E is: 4.2 (1.9-9.0). PMID- 3170023 TI - Risk factors for breast cancer in Chinese women of Beijing. AB - A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 497 Chinese women in Beijing with histologically confirmed breast cancer and by an equal number of age- and neighborhood-matched control women. High body weight (71 + kg) was a risk factor for breast cancer in women aged 50 + (RR = 1.90), but this effect did not quite reach statistical significance. Nulliparity and late age at first birth were associated with an elevated risk of breast cancer. In comparison to parous women who had their first child before age 20, those who delayed this event until after age 29 had an RR of 1.65. The comparable RR for nulliparous women was 3.72. Late age at menopause was a risk factor for breast cancer. The RR for menopause after age 50 compared to menopause before age 45 was 2.16. High parity and long duration of lactation were protective factors against breast cancer. These 2 factors were highly correlated with each other and also with age at first birth. The effect of each on breast cancer risk was somewhat reduced after adjustment for the other two. A personal history of benign breast disease (RR = 3.21) and a family history of breast cancer (RR = 2.17) were also associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. PMID- 3170024 TI - Familial and sporadic breast cancer cases in Iceland: a comparison related to ABO blood groups and risk of bilateral breast cancer. AB - This study was aimed at determining whether the familial clustering often observed in breast cancer is associated with genetic factors. We compared familial and sporadic breast cancer cases with respect to ABO blood group distribution and the risk of bilateral disease, using the data from the Icelandic Cancer Registry which contains genealogical information for about 30% of the breast cancer cases diagnosed in Iceland since 1911. Cases were classified as familial if at least one first-degree relative had breast cancer. Using this criterion, we identified 184 familial cases and 572 sporadic cases. The familial cases had a 2-fold higher prevalence of blood group B than did the sporadic cases, and the frequency of this blood group in non-affected relatives of cases was significantly reduced. Familial cases were about 2.7 times more likely to suffer from bilateral breast cancer than were the sporadic patients. These results support the presence of a genetic factor in the etiology of familial breast cancer. PMID- 3170025 TI - The international incidence of childhood cancer. AB - The International Agency for Research on Cancer has coordinated a worldwide study of the incidence of cancer in childhood. Contributors from over 50 countries have provided data. This paper presents a summary of some of the major results. The incidence rates and relative frequencies of childhood cancers are described according to 12 diagnostic groups, defined mainly in terms of tumour morphology. Variations in the risk of those tumours between different countries and different ethnic groups provide important information on the relative importance of environmental and genetic factors in their aetiology. PMID- 3170026 TI - DNA content and genetic evolution of human colorectal adenocarcinoma. A study by flow cytometry and cytogenetic analysis. AB - We have conducted in parallel DNA flow cytometry (FCM) and cytogenetic (CG) analysis of a series of surgical specimens from 35 human colorectal adenocarcinomas. An excellent quantitative correlation was observed (r = 0.99) between modal peak values of FCM histograms and chromosome counts. This observation confirms that aneuploidy, as defined by FCM, accurately reflects the deviation from diploidy of the genomic DNA. FCM-derived DNA patterns have been analyzed in the context of the clonal chromosomal evolution determined by CG analysis. In the metaphases of a given tumor, even if karyotypes of different ploidy exist, the presence of identical marker chromosomes suggests a common origin for the multiple populations observed by FCM. Thus, heterogeneity in DNA content within a tumor, including the polyploidization step, would be indicative of genetic evolution. PMID- 3170027 TI - Ethnic patterns of thyroid cancer incidence in the United States, 1973-1981. AB - Descriptive epidemiological findings for 7,696 patients with newly diagnosed thyroid cancer reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program for the years 1973 through 1981 are summarized. The preponderance of this tumor in women and of the papillary histologic subtype are well documented. The data suggest that previously reported increases in the incidence of thyroid cancer among Whites levelled off in the late 1970s. Differences in the incidence of this cancer according to ethnic group were particularly striking. Compared with White men and women, Puerto Rico Hispanics and Blacks had significantly lower thyroid cancer rates (weighted rate ratios ranged from 0.48 to 0.65). New Mexico Hispanic men and Chinese, Japanese, Hawaiian and Filipino men and women had significantly higher rates (weighted rate ratios ranged from 1.56 to 3.17). Elevated thyroid cancer rates for residents of Hawaii, regardless of ethnic group, were also a noteworthy finding. Variations in thyroid cancer risk according to ethnic group and geographical residence may reflect socio-economic or local environmental influences, including the possibility of a carcinogenic agent in volcanic lava. PMID- 3170028 TI - Human breast and colon carcinomas express cysteine proteinase activities with pro aggregating and pro-coagulant properties. AB - We have investigated concomitantly the pro-aggregating and pro-coagulant activities of 11 breast and 2 colon human carcinomas. Tumor tissues, obtained at surgery, were immediately processed to prepare tumor-cell suspensions for the study of aggregating activity and tissue extracts for the study of procoagulant capacity. Nine carcinomas (8 breast and 1 colon) possessed a high, dose-dependent platelet-aggregating activity, which was present in the cell-free supernatant and was inhibited by HgCl2 and iodoacetic acid, specific cysteine proteinase inhibitors, while apyrase and hirudin had no significant effect; in contrast, the other tumors did not aggregate platelets. All the tumor extracts tested from 12 carcinomas (11 breast and 1 colon) were able to activate blood coagulation in both the presence and the absence of F VII. The activity was inhibited by HgCl2 and iodoacetamide, while Con A was less effective. Therefore, these tumors do not aggregate platelets through the production of ADP or thrombin, nor promote blood coagulation through the production and release of tissue factor; a tumor associated cysteine proteinase plays a major role in both pro-aggregating and pro coagulant activities. PMID- 3170029 TI - Rescued human virus (RHV): association with melanoma. AB - RHV, which is presumably a defective human retrovirus, has been recovered from the human melanoma cell line HMB2. In the presence of Moloney mouse leukemia virus (MLV), used as a helper, RHV is serially transmissible in mouse NIH-3T3 cells and can provide envelope antigens for vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotype -VSV(RHV). This pseudotype is neutralizable with an inhibitor, present in all human sera tested; the inhibitory activity is resistant to heating at 100 degrees C. To detect whether any specific response to RHV is connected with the disease, we isolated IgG from 140 human sera (70 melanoma patients and 70 control group donors) and tested it for neutralization of VSV(RHV) pseudotype in a randomized, blind experiment. Sixteen samples of IgG from the sera of melanoma patients, but only one control IgG, neutralized the pseudotype; this difference was significant (p less than 0.001). RHV thus appears to be in some way associated with melanoma. PMID- 3170031 TI - Development and characterization of a syngeneic monoclonal antibody to a rat mammary tumor metastasis-associated mucin-like cell-surface antigen (gp580). AB - A rat hybridoma producing IgM monoclonal antibody (MAb) GP21:56 was generated with specificity for a high-molecular-weight, mucin-like glycoprotein (gp580) present on highly metastatic 13762NF rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells. The hybridoma was made by fusing rat Y3 Ag1.2.3 myeloma cells with spleen cells from a rat immunized i.d. with purified gp580. The gp580 appeared to be of low immunogenicity in syngeneic F344 rats because a total of 27 fusions were required to produce one hybridoma with specificity for this glycoprotein. Immunoblotting of purified gp580 after electrophoresis in 1% agarose and antibody-binding assays using purified gp580 linked to microtiter plates confirmed that MAb GP21:56 bound specifically to gp580. Other MAbs made against breast mucins were negative for gp580 reactivity. Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays (ELISA) and radiolabelled antibody binding assays demonstrated that MAb GP21:56 bound to 13762NF adenocarcinoma cell lines and clones in relation to their spontaneous metastatic potentials; significantly more MAb GP21:56 bound to highly metastatic MTLn3 cells than to low metastatic MTC cells, and MAb GP21:56 showed little reactivity towards the majority of other cell lines tested, whether of rodent or of human origin. Kinetic binding studies indicated that MAb GP21:56 does not have a high affinity for gp580 but, once bound, it shows high avidity for this sialogalactoprotein. Localization studies using frozen tissue sections of 13762NF tumors indicated that MAb GP21:56 reacts with tumor cells grown in vivo in an analogous manner to in vitro cultured cells. Using immunoperoxidase techniques, less than 50% of the highly metastatic MTLn3 tumor cells were stained, whereas approximately 20% of the intermediate metastatic MTF7 and MTLn2 cells and less than 10% of low metastatic MTC and MTPa cells were stained with MAb GP21:56. The cell-to-cell reactivity was heterogeneous and mainly associated with the tumor cell surface and extracellular matrix. PMID- 3170032 TI - Formation of DNA adducts in human skin maintained in short-term organ culture and treated with coal-tar, creosote or bitumen. AB - Adult and foetal human skin samples maintained in short-term organ culture were treated topically with solutions of coal-tar, creosote or bitumen, then DNA was isolated and analysed by 32P-post-labelling for the presence of aromatic DNA adducts. Autoradiographs of the 32P-labelled adducts resolved on polyethyleneimine-cellulose tlc sheets revealed a band of radioactivity indicative of the formation of adducts by a large number of components in these complex carcinogenic mixtures. Single doses of the materials, similar to those used to initiate tumours in experimental animals, resulted in the formation of approximately 0.3 fmol total adducts/micrograms DNA. The levels of adducts formed in human skin are thus similar to those formed in mouse skin after administration of doses known to be carcinogenic to the latter. The results provide direct evidence of DNA damage in human skin by materials strongly suspected of being carcinogenic to humans, and point to a method for evaluating other complex mixtures of aromatic chemicals for their potential carcinogenic hazard. PMID- 3170030 TI - Tumor necrosis factor alpha induces early morphologic and metabolic alterations in Friend leukemia cell tumors and fibrosarcomas in mice. AB - Morphologic and metabolic studies have been carried out on Friend leukemia cell (FLC) tumors (grown in DBA/2 mice) or fibrosarcomas (grown in C3H/HeN or C3H/HeJ mice) shortly after peritumoral injection of recombinant mouse tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha. Marked vascular congestion and focal extravasation of erythrocytes were observed as soon as 1 hr after injection of either FLC tumors or fibrosarcomas with TNF. Focal areas of disaggregation of tumor cells were observed 1 hr after injection of TNF. Intraluminal thrombi (composed of degranulated platelets and fibrin) were detected 3 and 6 hr after TNF treatment, and were associated with areas of depletion of endothelial cell cytoplasm. To correlate these morphologic changes in the tumor with alterations in tumor metabolism, NMR spectroscopy and biochemical studies were undertaken on freshly dissected FLC tumors and fibrosarcomas shortly after injection of TNF. The earliest metabolic alterations observed after 1 hr in TNF-treated FLC tumors of fibrosarcomas were: (i) increase in the average intratumoral pH; (ii) decrease in the levels of ATP. These phenomena were not associated with a reduced glycolytic capacity of TNF-treated tumors as, at these early times after injection, the levels of lactic acid were virtually the same for TNF-treated or control treated tumors. Alterations in the levels of some products of phospholipid degradation (GroPCho, GroPEtn, GroP and Cho) also occurred in these tumors as early as 3 hr after TNF treatment. These metabolic changes were not observed in ascitic FLC tumors after TNF treatment. We suggest that TNF induces alterations in tumor blood vessels which subsequently lead to changes in tumor metabolism and tumor degeneration. PMID- 3170034 TI - A classification scheme for childhood cancer. PMID- 3170033 TI - Comparative study of plasminogen activator antigens in colonic carcinomas and adenomas. AB - The correlation between malignant transformation and increased PA synthesis or secretion has been examined in a variety of cell lines. To study the relationship between content and composition of PAs and colorectal neoplasms, we measured u-PA and t-PA antigen levels in normal mucosa, tubular adenoma, adenocarcinoma in adenoma, and adenocarcinoma, using a sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay. This assay was very sensitive and was not hindered by the presence of serine protease inhibitors. Both adenomas and carcinomas had higher u-PA antigen levels than normal mucosa. The u-PA antigen level of adenomas was lower than that of carcinomas. Antigen level of t-PA, however, was lower in both adenomas and carcinomas compared with that in normal mucosa, the values being lowest in carcinomas. Two cases of carcinoma in adenoma had PA contents similar to those of carcinomas. u-PA antigen level of adenomas with dysplastic epithelium was higher than that of adenomas without dysplastic epithelium. Therefore, the increase of u PA content in adenomas could be a parameter of malignant changes in adenomas. PMID- 3170035 TI - Hemodynamic results of percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty as assessed by sequential Doppler echocardiographic studies. AB - We determined the sequential hemodynamic changes after percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty by means of two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examinations in 25 patients immediately before, immediately after, and 24 to 36 hours after valvuloplasty. An aortic valve area was determined at all three time periods by using the continuity equation from the Doppler velocity profiles. The aortic valve area by Doppler echocardiography immediately before valvuloplasty correlated with that determined by cardiac catheterization (r = 0.85, SEE = 0.08 cm2). The mean aortic valve gradient by Doppler echocardiography was 50 +/- 22 mm Hg before the procedure, decreasing to 29 +/- 12 mm Hg (P less than 0.001), with a small, but significant, increase 1 day later to 33 +/- 13 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). The mean subvalvular velocity increased from 0.44 +/- 0.13 to 0.52 +/- 0.15 m/sec immediately after valvuloplasty (P less than 0.001), increasing further to 0.60 +/- 0.16 m/sec 1 day later (P less than 0.001). The resultant aortic valve area increased from 0.45 +/- 0.11 to 0.73 +/- 0.18 cm2 immediately after (P less than 0.05). One day later, the aortic valve area increased further to 0.86 +/- 0.19 cm2 (P less than 0.05). Because of the dynamic changes occurring during the first 24 to 36 hours after balloon valvuloplasty, hemodynamic measurements taken immediately after the procedure may underestimate the efficacy of this technique. PMID- 3170036 TI - Reperfusion arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction--fact or coincidence? AB - Reperfusion arrhythmias were studied in a group of 20 patients submitted to coronary thrombolysis in the early hours of acute myocardial infarction. Arrhythmias were observed in 15 (75%) patients and consisted of ventricular arrhythmias and/or sinus bradycardia; 11/13 patients with reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias had the same type of arrhythmias before the procedure. This study group was compared to another group of 22 patients with acute myocardial infarction treated conventionally. There was no difference between both groups in regard to the incidence and type of ventricular arrhythmias. Sinus bradycardia only occurred during reperfusion in the study group and was significantly predominant in this group when compared with control group. PMID- 3170037 TI - Which exercise test variables are of prognostic importance post-myocardial infarction? AB - The prognostic value of parameters noted on pre-discharge exercise testing was assessed in 300 survivors of acute myocardial infarction. Exercise testing was performed at a mean of 9 days post-infarction. Each patient's data were studied for the presence of ST-segment depression or elevation greater than or equal to 0.1 mV in any of the 12 leads recorded, angina pectoris, exertional hypotension and duration of exercise. The patients were followed for a mean of 12 months and the incidence of death, reinfarction, angina pectoris, heart failure and coronary revascularization procedures was noted. All variables studied, other than the presence of exercise-induced ST-segment elevation, were significantly associated with the occurrence of subsequent cardiac events (P less than 0.001). Exercise induced ST-segment depression identified 80% of patients who developed complications and was significantly more sensitive than any of the other variables as a prognostic marker (P less than 0.05). The finding of angina pectoris, an abnormal blood pressure response or a limited exercise tolerance in association with exercise-induced ST-segment depression heightened the prognostic implications of this variable. PMID- 3170038 TI - Changes in the impedance cardiogram occurring with change in posture in patients with heart disease. AB - The response of the heart to changes in posture from supine through sitting to standing was recorded by impedance cardiography. The study comprised 22 normal subjects and 74 patients with a variety of heart diseases. The results demonstrate that in normal subjects acceleration of blood in systole decreased on sitting and standing. In subjects with impaired cardiac function this acceleration increased on sitting and standing from the supine position. This clear-cut difference in response provides a subtle method of detecting impaired function and in addition, provides a method of monitoring the effects of vasodilator or other treatment. PMID- 3170039 TI - Comparison of indirect and direct sinuatrial conduction time by synchronous sinus node electrogram. AB - In order to determine whether or not the estimated indirect sinuatrial conduction time represented the real sinuatrial conduction time, we recorded the synchronous sinus node electrogram, on which direct sinuatrial conduction time could be measured during constant atrial pacing, in 21 cases with normal sinus node function. The results show first that the difference between direct and indirect sinuatrial conduction time is statistically significant (P less than 0.05); the correlation of the two is poor (r = 0.29). Second, the direct sinuatrial conduction time after constant atrial pacing is significantly longer than that before constant atrial pacing, which means constant atrial pacing has resulted in obvious depression of conduction through the sinus node. Our conclusion is that estimated indirect sinuatrial conduction time does not represent real sinuatrial conduction time. The calculation formula using constant atrial pacing has been based on a major unproven assumption. PMID- 3170040 TI - Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of normal and thrombosed Bjork-Shiley mitral prosthetic valves. AB - Doppler echocardiographic characteristics of 75 normally functioning Bjork-Shiley mitral prostheses were studied in patients whose valvar function was considered normal by clinical and fluoroscopic evaluation. The mean Doppler peak and end diastolic gradients were 9.01 +/- 3.23 mm Hg, and 2.36 +/- 1.0 mm Hg, respectively. The mean area of the mitral valve calculated by the half-time method was 2.58 +/- 0.38 cm2. No significant difference between the various Doppler parameters was found for the two different valve sizes (25 and 27 mm) studied. Trivial mitral regurgitation was detected in 21 (28%) cases. Doppler echocardiography was performed in six patients with suspected malfunction of the Bjork-Shiley mitral prosthesis subsequently confirmed at operation. The end diastolic gradients in the six patients were 16, 20, 10, 14, 16, and 24 mm Hg, respectively. The calculated areas of the mitral valve were 1.57, 1.37, 1.3, 1.5, 1.46, and 1.3 cm2, respectively. The values of the gradient and calculated areas in malfunctioning valves were very different from those found in normally functioning Bjork-Shiley mitral prostheses. It is concluded that Doppler echocardiography is a very useful noninvasive technique for the study of the function of the Bjork-Shiley mitral prosthesis and provides quantitative information regarding pressure gradients and valvar area. PMID- 3170041 TI - Hereditary right axis deviation: electrocardiographic pattern of pseudo left posterior hemiblock and incomplete right bundle branch block. AB - We present a family with a hereditary electrocardiographic pattern of pseudo left posterior hemiblock and incomplete right bundle branch block which resulted in right axis deviation. The mother had a normal electrocardiogram, while the father and their two sons presented the above-described electrocardiographic features. Clinical, radiological and echocardiographic evaluation excluded structural and functional cardiac abnormalities as well as chest deformities and lung disease. The identical vectorcardiographic findings of the father and his sons is discussed. PMID- 3170042 TI - "Intermittent" and transient ST-segment elevation following direct current cardioversion. AB - Transient ST-segment elevation immediately following direct current cardioversion is a clearly documented occurrence in a small percentage of cases. Two main explanations have been suggested: myocardial injury or coronary vasospasm. We report two cases of "intermittent" and transient ST-segment elevation after cardioversion. Such intermittent elevation of the ST segment has not been reported previously. We hypothesize that this electrocardiographic observation is explained by a timing difference induced by electroshock in the action potential between the epicardium and endocardium. PMID- 3170043 TI - Cross-sectional echocardiography in the diagnosis of Libman-Sachs endocarditis. AB - A case is presented where the distinction between rheumatic fever and systemic lupus as a cause of mitral valvar disease was made by cross-sectional echocardiography. This showed an unusual appearance, consistent with descriptions of Libman-Sachs endocarditis from the presteroid era. PMID- 3170045 TI - Reversed splitting of the second heart sound due to tricuspid regurgitation. AB - A previously unreported cause of reversed splitting of the second heart sound is described. This patient had tricuspid regurgitation which caused early closure of the pulmonary valve leading to reversed splitting. Left ventricular function and aortic valve closure were normal. PMID- 3170044 TI - Unusual presentation of endomyocardial fibrosis. AB - A case of endomyocardial fibrosis in a Greek patient who had not visited the tropics is described. The patient suffered from an unusual form of the disease in that it was aggressive and recurrent (requiring three operative procedures) and presented with tricuspid stenosis, leading to syncope. PMID- 3170046 TI - Diagnostic features of localised pericardial constriction. AB - We report a case of localised pericardial constriction leading to right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Localised pericardial constriction is rare, but the diagnosis should be considered in patients who present with recurrent pericardial constriction following previous partial pericardiectomy. Close attention to physical findings may enable the diagnosis to be made prior to cardiac catheterisation. PMID- 3170047 TI - Cigarette smoking motives: factorial structure and gender differences in a longitudinal study. AB - Research investigating the factorial structure of cigarette smoking motives (based on the Horn-Waingrow Smoking Survey) suggests considerable similarity in factor structure across different samples as well as stability of structure in repeated assessments. This study evaluates the replicability of six commonly found Horn-Waingrow factors in a sample of 109 men and women from three longitudinal studies and also reports on gender and other psychosocial differences. Principal component analyses exactly replicated previously reported factors, separately for each gender. Significant gender differences in level are shown for two smoking motives (Reduction of Negative Affect and Pleasure): Women more than men report that they smoke for these reasons. Also, there are significant differences in motives between current and former smokers and between smokers with and without smoking spouses. PMID- 3170048 TI - The effects of two therapeutic communities on illicit drug users between 6 months and 1 year after treatment. AB - Thirty former residents of two different therapeutic communities for illicit drug users were interviewed between 6 months and 1 year after terminating treatment to determine how successfully they had been in adjusting to society. Two findings of this research concerned the amount of time the former residents spent in their therapeutic communities: Time in treatment was associated with fewer arrests once they graduated from these programs and was also associated with less drug use. PMID- 3170049 TI - Urban community reaction to health facilities in residential areas: lessons from the placement of methadone facilities in New York City. AB - Neighborhood characteristics associated with negative reaction to community-based methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPs) were studied using the MMTPs in Brooklyn, Bronx, Manhattan, and Queens (71 census tracts). A measure of community opposition to the establishment of the clinics was developed (CRMC). Census and survey data were combined for data analysis. Results are presented following a fourfold conceptual framework focused on the community's social ecology, patient characteristics, clinic administration, and the physical ecology of the clinic location. Eight specific characteristics found within these four conceptual areas accounted for 49% of the variation in CRMC. PMID- 3170050 TI - Treatment providers' assessment of dual-prognosis patients: diagnosis, treatment, referral, and family involvement. AB - The problems of patients with dual diagnoses (substance abuse and psychiatric disorders) have only recently come under study. While attempting to assess the feasibility of offering services to family members of dual-diagnosis patients, the authors encountered problems in delivering services to the patients themselves. These problems included inadequate reporting methods, lack of a combined treatment approach, lack of family involvement, and inadequate referral resources. This paper discusses some of the impediments to treatment and areas of needed research. PMID- 3170052 TI - Intentionality of college students regarding North Carolina's 21-year drinking age law. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the intentions of underage students at a southeastern university as to a new 21-year drinking law. Students (N = 440) in introductory health classes were given a questionnaire prior to the law's enactment. Major findings included: 90% were alcohol users, with 85% beginning regular alcohol use by age 18. Only 6% intended to stop drinking, 70% planned to change their location of use, and 22% intended to use other drugs more. Seventy percent intended to obtain alcohol from their friends, and 21% intended to use a false or borrowed identification. Serious questions about potential negative impacts of the law are raised. PMID- 3170051 TI - Sniffing of ethyl chloride--an uncommon form of abuse with serious mental and neurological symptoms. AB - Abuse of ethyl chloride is a problem which has previously been almost unknown in Sweden. Confusion, hallucinosis, ataxia, and pronounced impairment of short-term memory--all of a transient nature--and a prolonged and uncharacteristic course of abstinence reactions are some of the symptoms that occur on sniffing of ethyl chloride. The course of events in one such case is described. The authors request that references to this article outside the professional press should not be made in such a way as to facilitate abuse. PMID- 3170053 TI - Differences in psychological needs among drug abusers: first admissions compared to recidivists. AB - A group of 58 recidivists were compared with a group of 58 first-admission patients in drug abuse treatment, using the Adjective Checklist measuring basic psychological needs. Compared to the recidivists, the first-admission patients scored significantly higher in the needs for Exhibition, Autonomy, Aggression, and Change. A Personality composite for this need configuration was described, and the clinical implications of these results emphasized the need to give attention to the special needs of the patient who is in drug abuse treatment for the first time. PMID- 3170055 TI - Fate and distribution of an antitumor protein-bound polysaccharide PSK (Krestin). AB - The fate of 14C-labelled PSK in the body was investigated. Although only substances with low mol. wt were observed in blood shortly after the administration, with time, substances with high mol. wt appeared, suggesting absorption of PSK in its original form from the digestive tract. 14C-labelled PSK was distributed in bone marrow, salivary gland, brain liver, spleen, pancreas and tumor. Approximately 70% of 14C-labelled PSK was excreted by expiratory air after 24 h and approximately 15-20% in urine after 72 h. Only a small amount of 14C labelled PSK was transferred into lymph and bile. The present study on the in vivo behavior of PSK provides an important basis for further analysis of its pharmacological actions. PMID- 3170056 TI - Therapeutic concentrations of melphalan do not affect yeast cell phagocytosis by monocytes. AB - The effect of melphalan on monocyte phagocytosis was assessed by studying the uptake of fluorescent yeast cells by glass-adherent monocytes (a fluorescence quenching technique). In contrast to several other cytotoxic agents, melphalan did not inhibit monocyte phagocytosis. Although the main immunosuppressive side effect of most cytotoxic drugs appears to be due to bone marrow depression with reduction of leukocyte counts, it is reasonable to assume that lack of interference with the function of mature leukocytes is a favourable feature of an antineoplastic drug. PMID- 3170057 TI - Fenoterol effects on the in vitro immune response. AB - Beta-2-adrenergic agonists are often employed in the treatment of acute bronchostenosis. Following our recent investigations into the influence of some drugs (cromolyn, ketotifen, theophylline) on the immune response, in this study we analyzed the in vitro effects of fenoterol (beta-2-adrenergic agonist) on the immune response. The mitogen-(PHA)-induced proliferation of peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC), the PMNC proliferation induced by anti-T3 and anti-T11 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), the PHA-induced lymphokine--interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)--production were studied in ten healthy volunteers. Since the plasmatic peak of fenoterol following a single inhalation of 200 micrograms is about 20 ng/ml, in the experiments herein reported the drug was tested in the cultures at concentrations lower, equal and higher than the plasmatic peak: respectively, 2, 20 and 200 ng/ml. Furthermore, for a more detailed study of T-lymphocyte activities, we also evaluated the effect of fenoterol on T-cell clone proliferation. Our results, which reveal no effects of fenoterol on the studied immunological parameters, acquire relevance when related to our previous reports showing a depression of the immunological response exerted by theophylline and ketotifen. PMID- 3170059 TI - Free care: a quantitative analysis of health and cost effects of a national health program for the United States. AB - We estimate the health and cost effects of instituting a National Health Program (NHP) in the United States that would provide universal, comprehensive free care. Based on empiric studies of the relationship of health service use to cost and health outcomes, we estimate that an NHP would increase use of health services by 14.6 percent and save between 47,000 and 106,000 lives annually. Because the United States faces a growing surplus of hospital beds and physicians, additional services could be provided at low cost. Simplifying the health bureaucracy that currently enforces unequal access to care would also result in substantial savings. Consequently, an NHP would actually decrease costs 2.4 percent, $10.2 billion annually, since the $35.7 billion spent for additional services would be offset by $45.9 billion saved on bureaucracy. PMID- 3170058 TI - The therapeutic effects of dietary fatty acid supplementation in the autoimmune disease of the MRL-mp-lpr/lpr mouse. AB - The effect of dietary fatty acids on the spontaneous autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus of the MRL-mp-lpr/lpr mouse was investigated after onset of disease. Parameters monitored included auto-antibody levels (by ELISA), proteinuria, body weights, clinical appearance and survival. The preliminary study (using five mice per group) showed that dietary restriction improved survival (P less than 0.001) per se, and further that all mice receiving the fish oil diet benefited considerably (P less than 0.005), whilst males on the fish oil/evening primrose oil diet also lived longer than expected (P less than 0.005). PMID- 3170060 TI - The right to refuse in Quebec: five-year evolution of a new mode of expressing risk. AB - In this article, the authors trace the outstanding stages in the institutionalization in Quebec of the right to refuse, from its conception in 1978 to its application in more than 1200 cases (as of July 1985) since 1981. The major issue over the first five years of application has been the evolution of norms used as guidelines by inspectors in justifying or not justifying a refusal. The notions of danger and of normality of working conditions and personal conditions were widely debated and clarified. As a new mode of expressing risks for workers and a new mode of regulation for the state, the right to refuse has undergone a reduction in its scope through this process. PMID- 3170054 TI - Activation of murine peritoneal macrophages by intraperitoneal administration of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, xiao-chai-hu-tang (Japanese name: shosaiko to). AB - Macrophage activation by a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, xiao-chai-hu-tang (Japanese name: shosaiko-to), was investigated. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of shosaiko-to into (BALB/c x DBA/2)F1 mice resulted in marked activation of macrophages with respect to phagocytic and lysosomal enzyme activities (acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase) compared with the control. The maximal responses were induced by an i.p. injection of 3 mg shosaiko-to 4 days previously. Enhanced activities induced by shosaiko-to were also seen in C3H/HeJ mice, which is a non-responder strain to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Significant macrophage accumulation in the peritoneal cavity and increased lysosomal enzyme activities were observed in mice injected with shosaiko-to. Shosaiko-to exhibited significant cytostasis-inducing activity. In addition, the administration of shosaiko-to led to a moderate expression of Ia antigen on the surface of peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that shosaiko-to is a potent macrophage activator. PMID- 3170062 TI - Allomorphic relationships from hatching to 56 days in parental lines and F1 crosses of chickens selected 27 generations for high or low body weight. AB - Allomorphic relationships in chickens selected for high or low juvenile body weight and their reciprocal crosses were examined from hatch to 56 days of age (doa). Those organs whose relationships to whole body weight were most divergent in the parental populations were weights of the gizzard, small intestine, breast, legs, feathers, abdominal fat and lengths of the shank, esophagus and small intestine. Relative weights of feathers, abdominal fat and small intestine were influenced mainly by additive genetic variation, whereas relative weights of breast, legs, and gizzard were influenced by additive genetic variation at younger ages (0 to 24 doa) and by both additive and non-additive genetic variation thereafter. In utilization of resources for high growth velocity and growth rate factor, crosses were 20 to 30% more efficient than their parental populations, demonstrating hybrid vigor. Relationships of rate of development of specific organs to total body weight varied with age and were noted as correlated responses to artificial selection for body weight. Selection for high and for low body weight at 56 days of age resulted in compromises in resource allocations. Specifically, selection for high juvenile body weight favored relatively heavier breasts, legs, abdominal fat depots and small intestines while selection for low juvenile body weight favored relatively heavier feathers and gizzard. PMID- 3170061 TI - The selection and training of primary health care workers in Ecuador: issues and alternatives for public policy. AB - This article employs quantitative analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of the community health worker (CHW) training program used by the Ministry of Public Health in Ecuador. The study first assesses CHW knowledge in the areas of prevention, maternal-child health, first aid, and treatment of common illnesses. The analysis reveals that CHWs retained less than 50 percent of what they learned one year after graduation. Demographic factors accounted for some variance in performance. Higher levels of community organization were associated with improved CHW knowledge. The presence of a health committee was also an important factor. The second phase of the study was designed to assess the community impact of the program. Surprisingly, neither the demographic characteristics of the health worker nor his or her level of competence affected the impact of the program on the community, as measured by patient satisfaction, utilization indices, and adoption of preventive health behaviors. It was the characteristics of the beneficiaries themselves that accounted for the variance in community impact. These results yield some important implications for public health policy in Ecuador. PMID- 3170063 TI - Asymptotic growth and complex allometry of the brain and body in the white rat. AB - A new four-parameter version of Putter's growth curve (Putter, 1920) is obtained by replacing time by a smooth non-negative function which incorporates an initial delay. Fitted through constrained iteratively-reweighted multiplicative least squares, this curve provides an accurate description of asymptotic growth and complex allometry of brain weight and body length and weight in a cross-sectional sample of forty-four male white rats. PMID- 3170064 TI - Body composition determination in children using bioelectrical impedance. AB - Estimation of body composition by measurement of tetrapolar bioelectrical resistive impedance (R) is a technique only recently validated in adults. To evaluate this technique in children, 16 girls aged 11.6 +/- 0.9 yr (mean +/- SD) and 14 boys aged 12.5 +/- 1.0 yr were assessed for fat free mass (FFM) by hydrostatic weighing, total body potassium (TBK) by whole body counting of 40K, and R by an electrical impedance plethysmograph. Significant relationships (P less than 0.001) were demonstrated between TBK and ht2/R (r = 0.92), and FFM and ht2/R (r = 0.83). The reliability coefficient for the impedance measurements was r = 0.97. The following equation describes FFM in the present group of children: FFM (kg) = 6.86 + 0.81 x (ht2/R), r = 0.83, P less than 0.001, SEE = 4.08. These data suggest that impedance measurements are valid and reliable predictors of FFM in pediatric populations. PMID- 3170065 TI - Cimaterol-induced growth in rats: growth pattern and biochemical characteristics. AB - Sixty Sprague-Dawley female rats weighing 170 g were used to investigate the effect of cimaterol on the growth pattern and biochemical characteristics of skeletal muscles. Cimaterol (CIM) was mixed in a powdered rat chow at 10 ppm. A significant (P less than .01) improvement in the weight gain of CIM group was observed during the first 8 days of the 49-day trial period, followed by no significant improvement thereafter. When CIM was withdrawn from the diet, treated rats lost weight, eventually regressing to the same weight as control rats after 28 days. CIM-fed rats showed 28.6% (P less than .01) and 12.9% (P less than .05) increases in plantaris muscle weight over the control at 8 and 14 d, respectively. DNA concentration significantly (P less than .05) decreased, whereas RNA concentration increased at 3 d (31%) and 8 d (12.7%), but decreased at 14 d compared to the control. The increase in RNA concentration preceded the significant improvement of muscle weight in the CIM group. In the soleus muscle, there was no significant difference in muscle weight or DNA concentration between the control and CIM groups. Cimaterol-feeding significantly (P less than .05) increased the size of both type I and II fibers. The size increase of type II fibers in plantaris was twice that of type I fibers in soleus (34.2% vs 17.5%). This may explain why the plantaris muscle (type II predominant) showed a greater weight increase than the soleus muscle (type I predominant). PMID- 3170066 TI - The effect of low level prenatal X-irradiation on postnatal growth in the Wistar rat. AB - Forty-five pregnant Wistar strain rats were exposed to 0.0, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8 Gy X radiation on the 9th or 17th day of gestation to determine if prenatal X irradiation would result in alterations in postnatal growth or growth rate. The mothers delivered their offspring, and the litters were reduced to a maximum of eight per litter on the second postnatal day. The 336 offspring were weighed weekly from day 3 until day 86, at which time they were killed, an autopsy was performed, and selected organs were removed and weighed. Postnatal growth rates did not differ significantly in irradiated offspring compared to sham irradiated animals. Irradiation on the 9th day, at any of the 3 dosage levels, did not result in significant differences in weekly weight. Weekly weight remained significantly lower due to irradiation on the 17th day of gestation. The gonadal weight ratio was significantly reduced in males irradiated on the 9th day. There were no other statistically significant changes in organ weight or organ/body weight ratios due to these levels of prenatal X-irradiation on the 9th or 17th day of pregnancy. These results indicate that low level prenatal X-irradiation, on the 17th day of rat gestation, causes prenatal growth retardation, evident at birth, which is not recuperable postnatally. Exposure to X-radiation at this time, however, does not affect the rate at which offspring grow during postnatal life. Offspring are smaller because they never fully recover from the original radiation-induced prenatal growth retardation. PMID- 3170068 TI - Localization of facilitated diffusion and active glucose transport in cysticercoids of Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda). PMID- 3170067 TI - The effect of dexamethasone on a single and a superimposed infection with Haemonchus contortus in sheep. PMID- 3170070 TI - Phylogenetic implications of the effects of anthelmintics on acanthocephalan potentials. PMID- 3170069 TI - Activation of the alternative pathway of complement by larval Taenia taeniaeformis in resistant and susceptible strains of mice. PMID- 3170071 TI - Importance of the paratenic host in the biology of Bothriocephalus gregarius (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea), a parasite of the turbot. PMID- 3170073 TI - Rate of re-infection by Opisthorchis viverrini in an endemic northeast Thai community after chemotherapy. PMID- 3170072 TI - Selection of mice for survival following an acute Nematospiroides dubius infection. PMID- 3170074 TI - Interaction of Hymenolepis diminuta and Hymenolepis microstoma with complement. PMID- 3170075 TI - The effect of protease inhibitors on Eimeria vermiformis invasion of cultured cells. PMID- 3170076 TI - Intensity and duration of Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti infectivity in rodent hosts. PMID- 3170077 TI - Cross-resistance between Taenia taeniaeformis and Hymenolepis nana infections in C3H/He mice. PMID- 3170078 TI - Mental health training of primary care physicians: an outcome study. AB - It is well documented that primary care physicians encounter many patients in their practices who suffer psychiatric morbidity, especially affective, anxiety and substance abuse disorders. These physicians have been unable to effectively address the needs of these patients, over half of whom receive care exclusively in the primary care sector. Five years after implementing a curriculum to train family practice physicians to assume a comprehensive psychiatric role with patients in their practices, the authors undertook an outcome evaluation. The focus was on psychiatric disorder recognition, diagnosis, documentation, and management, including referral. It was hoped that biopsychosocial and community mental health orientations emphasized during training would be incorporated into the subsequent primary care practices of physicians in the study. In the research design, physician-generated diagnoses were compared with DIS/DSM-III diagnoses; physician interviews and chart audits enabled processes of care delivery to be evaluated. Unexpectedly, physicians were not found to assume an appropriately active or comprehensive mental health role in their practices following the training intervention. Of ninety-four DIS-generated diagnoses in the study population of fifty-one patients, 79 percent were unrecognized. Patients were assumed to function well emotionally, and psychiatric dimensions of patient complaints were not examined in the majority of cases. The physicians did diagnose and treat a number of patients with mental symptoms who were not identified by the DIS. These patients had high, but sub-diagnostic, DIS symptom counts. Most received a diagnosis of adjustment disorder in response to medical illness. Though this finding underscores shortcomings of present psychiatric nosology when applied in the general medical setting, the foremost consideration was the large number of DIS-identified patients with serious psychopathology, needing active assessment and intervention, who were unrecognized, undiagnosed or untreated. Implications of these findings for the psychiatric training of primary care physicians are examined. PMID- 3170079 TI - Unlearning psychiatry: a cohort effect in the training environment. AB - The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between 1) residents' psychiatric performance and their primary care training environment; 2) residents' psychiatric performance and their year of training; and 3) the utility of feedback from the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the year of training. Resident physicians (N = 32) were assigned to experimental and control groups; feedback of GHQ results constituted the intervention in the experimental site. Baseline data, as well as post intervention data, were collected on a total of 1040 patient encounters. Residents' psychiatric performance was measured by notation of a mental disorder in the Assessment portion of the SOAP note. Results showed that control group residents achieved superior performance at pretest and, in spite of a two-fold increase in the number of psychiatric diagnoses following GHQ feedback, experimental site posttest diagnoses did not significantly exceed control site frequency. In addition, experimental site first-year residents outperformed second-year residents, who likewise outperformed third-year residents, in recognizing their patient's mental distress. Differences in patient morbidity, over-diagnosis by first-year residents, and failure to have acquired psychiatric skills when a first-year resident were all tested and rejected as explanations for the unexpected inverse relationship between performance and years in training. It was therefore concluded that integration of psychiatric knowledge and skills into a primary care practice may be profoundly (and negatively) influenced by factors in the residents' training environment. PMID- 3170080 TI - The sensitivity and specificity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in screening for post-stroke depression. AB - The present study examines the sensitivity and specificity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) as a screening instrument for post stroke depression. Eighty stroke patients were evaluated by a research nurse over a two-year period using the CES-D and also by a trained psychiatrist using a standardized interview for affective, cognitive, physical and social functioning. CES-D scores correlated significantly with DSM-III diagnoses of depression in hospital and at three months, six months, and one year follow-up but not at two years follow-up, reflecting the natural course of these depressions, as well as the predictive validity of the CES-D. Furthermore, at a cut-off point of 16, the CES-D was found to have a specificity of 90 percent, a sensitivity of 86 percent and a positive predictive value of 80 percent and thus may be a potentially useful screening instrument for post-stroke depression. PMID- 3170081 TI - The influence of problems with concentration and memory on emotional distress and daily activities in chronic pain patients. AB - This study examined concentration and memory problems in chronic pain patients as they related to emotional distress and interference with daily activity. Three hundred and sixty-three chronic pain patients were divided into two groups based on how much they expressed difficulty in concentrating and remembering things. Each patient was given a physical examination and completed a pain evaluation questionnaire and an SCL-90. Physician ratings of the patients' depression and anxiety were also obtained. The results showed that problems in concentration and memory were related to emotional distress, poor family support, and interference with daily activities. It is suggested that techniques to improve concentration and memory should be incorporated as part of a multidisciplinary pain program. PMID- 3170082 TI - Sense of humor, hassles, and immunoglobulin A: evidence for a stress-moderating effect of humor. AB - This study was designed to investigate whether sense of humor moderates immunosuppressive effects of stress. At two time periods one and one-half months apart, forty subjects completed the Daily Hassles Scale and provided saliva samples for determining secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) levels. Four scales were used to assess different aspects of the sense of humor. A negative correlation was obtained between frequency of hassles at time 1 and S-IgA levels at time 2 (r = -.32, p less than .05), suggesting an immunosuppressive effect of hassles. In support of our hypothesis, hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed significant moderating effects of three of the four humor measures on this relationship between hassles and S-IgA. Subjects with low scores on the humor scales revealed a stronger negative relationship between hassles and S-IgA than did those with high humor scores. These results are discussed in terms of other research examining psychological influences on immune function. PMID- 3170083 TI - Pulmonary effects of zymosan activated plasma and phorbol myristate acetate in anaesthetized and awake rabbits. AB - The ability of two polymorphonuclear granulocyte (PMN) activators, Zymosan activated plasma (ZAP) and Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), to induce an adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) type lung injury was compared in awake and anaesthetized rabbits. The preparatory procedure itself decreased the concentrations of circulating PMN and lymphocytes in anaesthetized animals. ZAP acutely lowered the number of circulating leukocytes due to a fall in PMN only, this was followed by a rebound. Both effects were more marked in awake than in anaesthetized animals. PMA caused a virtual disappearance of both PMN and lymphocytes from the blood. There was no rebound, and no difference between anaesthetized and awake animals. The activators caused equal increases in pulmonary arterial pressure (about 0.67 kPa) initially. This was followed by a return to baseline in ZAP animals, but a further increase in those given PMA. Increased airway pressure (0.4 kPa) was seen only in the PMA group; PaO2 decreased only in awake rabbits given PMA. Both activators, as well as the preparatory procedure itself, caused PMN accumulations in the alveolar septa, septal thickening, and modest perivascular edema with intact tissue architecture. PMA caused the most marked changes. Wet/dry lung weight ratios were only moderately increased. In conclusion, ZAP and PMA had different effects on circulating leukocytes, but gave nearly the same degree of PMN accumulation in the lungs. The modest edema indicated some increased microvascular leakage, but a fully developed ARDS-type lung injury did not occur. PMID- 3170084 TI - Contrast enhancement amplifier for television microscopy. AB - A video amplifier is described for the purpose of enhancing the contrast of televised scene features. The system operates by amplifying the video signals bracketed by selectable gray levels, in such a fashion that the features of interest take up the whole dynamic range of the video display. The system operates and can be used directly in conjunction with on line video processors such as automated microvessel diameter measuring systems and video blood cell velocimeters. PMID- 3170085 TI - Serum vitamin A and carotene concentrations among Egyptian fullterm neonates in relation to maternal status. AB - The serum of twenty Egyptian pregnancies and their neonates was analysed for vitamin A and carotene contents. The serum levels of vitamin A among the neonates were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) compared to corresponding levels obtained with their mothers. 60% of the neonates proved to be deficient in vitamin A status. Statistically significant correlation coefficients were found between maternal body weights at labour and respective birth weights of the neonates. Significant correlation coefficients were also found between maternal serum vitamin A and carotene levels and respective cord serum vitamin A and carotene contents. The birth weight of the neonate correlates also with its serum vitamin A level. The results stress the importance of improving the vitamin A status of the marginally undernourished mothers to assure protection of the fetus. PMID- 3170086 TI - Size and composition of liver vitamin A reserves of human beings who died of various causes. AB - Postmortem livers from 77 "normal" persons, 37 patients with neoplastic disease, 10 subjects with liver insufficiency, and 7 infants were analysed for free and esterified retinol. The average concentrations of total vitamin A for the members of each group were 597, 551, 289, and 162 micrograms/g wet liver, respectively. Compared with corresponding control values, both cancer victims and patients with liver disease had significantly lower hepatic vitamin A levels. With regard to the composition of the liver vitamin A reserves, our results show that approximately 97% of this vitamin was present as retinyl ester. Additionally, minute amounts of retinol were also found in most of the liver specimens analysed. In "normal" subjects the major ester fraction recovered was palmitate/oleate followed by stearate and myristate/linoleate. By contrast, the second most abundant fatty acid in the retinyl ester fraction of cancer victims was myristic/linoleic acid together with significantly smaller quantities of stearic acid. In tissue samples obtained from patients with liver disorders, however, the myristate/linoleate fraction was increased and therefore nearly equal amounts of both retinyl stearate and myristate/linoleate were present. PMID- 3170087 TI - Vitamin A status and endemic goiter. AB - Serum vitamin A levels were determined in two groups of subjects living in an endemic goiter area in Iran. The first group consisted of 242 non-goitrous subjects, and the second, contained 603 subjects with different grades of goiter. Serum vitamin A concentrations were correlated with goiter, sex, and age. Serum retinol values were not statistically different between goitrous and non-goitrous females, but goitrous male subjects especially those under 13 years of age, had lower serum retinol values than non-goitrous male subjects. The prevalence of low vitamin A levels was higher in goitrous boys. In both groups the prevalence of low serum vitamin A decreased with the increase in age. The prevalence of goiter was not statistically different between boys and girls under 18 years, but was more prevalent in women over 18 years, than men in the same age group (P less than 0.001). This difference was in accordance with serum vitamin A status between women and men after the age of 18 (P less than 0.001). Serum vitamin A increased with age up to 18 years, in both sexes and remained unchanged afterwards. The increase was gradual in girls under 18 years but was sharper in boys during puberty years. Although the values for serum vitamin A in each sex covered wide overlapping ranges, but a general superiority of male serum vitamin A levels over the females was observed. PMID- 3170088 TI - Retinyl ester synthesis by isolated adult rabbit lung type II cells. AB - Type II alveolar cells were isolated from adult rabbit lungs and then cultured on monolayers for 16 hours. These cells were then covered with buffered medium containing [3H]-retinol. After 30-120 minutes incubation, the cells were extracted with Hexane: Ethanol and the hexane extract analyzed by HPLC. A linear synthesis of [3H]-retinyl palmitate with time of incubation was demonstrated. PMID- 3170090 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxy-vitamin D in infant formulas. AB - A method is described for determining 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in infant formulas without using high pressure liquid chromatography to separate the vitamin D metabolites. After preparative chromatography with Silica Sep Pak and C18-Sep Pak cartridges the dihydroxylated vitamin D metabolite was quantified in a specific protein binding assay. The concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D found was in a range between 2.5 and 11.3 pg/ml. PMID- 3170089 TI - Saliva concentrations of some selected proteins and glycoprotein markers in man after supplementary intake of beta-carotene. AB - Vitamin A has profound effects on cell biology, morphology and function of excretory cells. In the present study we investigated the effect of supplementation with beta-carotene (provitamin A) on the secretion of salivary glycoproteins and some antibacterial components. Eighty-nine men, drawn from a larger double-blind pilot study among Finnish men of a high socio-economic standard, participated in this study which lasted for 60 days. The men were allocated either to beta-carotene supplementation of 20 mg a day or to placebo treatment. At the end of the study samples of stimulated whole and parotid saliva were collected and examined for total protein as well as hexosamine, sialic acid, thiocyanate and the activity of salivary peroxidase. The secretion rate of whole saliva was calculated and the activities of lysozyme, a bacteria aggregating glycoprotein (BAGP) and secretory IgA were measured in parotid saliva. Significantly higher levels of beta-carotene, but not retinol, were found in serum and whole saliva in the beta-carotene group compared to the placebo group. Retinol or beta-carotene could not be detected in parotid saliva. No difference was found either in saliva secretion rate or in the composition of whole or parotid saliva between the beta-carotene and the placebo group. PMID- 3170091 TI - The vitamin E status among glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficient patients and effectiveness of oral vitamin E. AB - The effect of oral vitamin E therapy (800 IU/day) on correcting haematologic variables and on raising the plasma vitamin E level among glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficient subjects with history of hemolysis was studied. After 16 week period there was a positive response to vitamin E administration presented by sustained improvement in blood hemoglobin and plasma vitamin E concentrations. In the meanwhile, the vitamin E supplementation led to reduced reticulocytosis and control % hemolysis. PMID- 3170092 TI - Bioavailability of various vitamin E compounds in sheep. AB - Seventeen crossbred yearling wethers were randomly allotted to four dietary groups that consisted of 400 IU/day/sheep either of (1) dl-alpha-tocopherol (five sheep), (2) dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate (five sheep), (3) d-alpha-tocopherol (four sheep) or (4) d-alpha-tocopherol acetate (three sheep). Blood samples were taken at day 0 and then at frequent intervals for alpha-tocopherol determination. At the end of the 28-day experiment, animals were killed and various tissues sampled. Higher concentrations of alpha-tocopherol were observed in tissues of sheep fed d-alpha-tocopherol than the other tocopherol forms. In sheep fed d alpha-tocopherol, the most important index of bioavailability, the area under the plasma alpha-tocopherol time curve (AUC), was larger as compared to other forms of vitamin E supplementation. Identification of alpha-tocopherol was confirmed by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. PMID- 3170093 TI - Erythrocyte lipid peroxidation, glutathione and vitamin E levels in cholesterol fed rats. AB - Erythrocyte cholesterol and phospholipid levels, the susceptibility of erythrocytes to lipid peroxidation as well as erythrocyte glutathione and vitamin E levels were determined in rats fed a high cholesterol (2%, w/w) and high cholic acid (0.5%, w/w) diet for 3 months. Cholesterol feeding caused an increase in erythrocyte cholesterol levels, but no change was observed in erythrocyte phospholipid levels. Dietary cholesterol did not alter the susceptibility of erythrocytes to lipid peroxidation as well as erythrocyte glutathione and vitamin E levels in rats. PMID- 3170094 TI - Determination of alpha-tocopherol in buccal mucosal cells using an electrochemical detector. AB - Using HPLC with an electrochemical detector, tocopherol concentration in human buccal mucosal cells was determined, and compared with that in plasma, RBCs, and platelets. The values were expressed on the basis of protein concentration. The reproducibility and recovery were enough to be used clinically. In healthy young male adults, tocopherol concentration in buccal cells was 46.4 ng/mg protein, and this increased three fold, after daily administration of 600 mg of d-alpha tocopherol for one month. Comparison of correlations between all the measurements showed that the highest correlations were between RBC tocopherol level and the tocopherol/lipid ratio in plasma, and between platelet tocopherol level and the tocopherol/lipid ratio. Tocopherol concentration in buccal cells correlated at r = 0.66 (p less than 0.03) with RBC tocopherol, r = 0.65 (p less than 0.03) with the tocopherol/lipid ratio, and r = 0.60 with platelet tocopherol concentration, respectively. PMID- 3170095 TI - Niacin status of schoolchildren in Transvaal Province, South Africa. AB - Niacin status was evaluated in groups of school children (n = 25) in Transvaal Province, South Africa, by measuring the urinary excretion of the metabolite 2 pyridone. In an urban Indian group of low socioeconomic status, and a white middle-class group, 12% and 4% respectively exhibited low or deficient levels of the metabolite. In a rural black village, 28% had evidence of low or deficient levels of niacin, even though two of the 3 locally available brands of maize meal (their dietary staple) claimed to be fortified with nicotinamide. It is concluded that external monitoring of the voluntary maize meal fortification scheme will be necessary to effectively combat deficiency of niacin in traditional maize meal consumers. PMID- 3170096 TI - Accumulation of ascorbate in rat cerebellum. AB - Ultrafiltration and gel chromatography on Sephadex G-75 have revealed no evidence of ascorbate-binding to protein components of the soluble fraction derived from a tissue homogenate of rat cerebellum. Furthermore, partition studies have failed to detect any binding of ascorbic acid to structural components of rat cerebellum, as the ascorbate content of cerebellar tissue exhibited linear dependence upon the concentration of free vitamin in the surrounding medium (0.1 M phosphate, pH 6.5). The accumulation of ascorbic acid in rat cerebellum is discussed, therefore, in terms of an elevated intracellular concentration maintained by active transport of the vitamin across cerebellar tissue membranes. PMID- 3170097 TI - Iron deficiency, inflammatory processes and humoral immunity in children. AB - Indicators of iron status, markers of inflammatory processes, serum immunoglobulins and C3 and C4 components of complement were assessed in 142 children 10-months old. All the iron parameters and most of the indicators of humoral immunity were correlated with markers of inflammation. Sixty-two children presented biochemical indications of inflammation (high CRP or orosomucoid level, or hyperleukocytosis), while 80 children were free of it. In the latter group, the use of a combination of iron indicators enabled separation of iron-sufficient children from those with different degrees of iron deficiency, ranging from iron depletion to iron-deficiency anemia. Serum IgG and IgA were significantly lower only in the group of iron-depleted children. Serum ferritin was significantly positively correlated with IgA, IgM and C4. Iron depletion may be responsible for a decrease humoral immunity. This effect was not visible at more advanced stages of iron deficiency. PMID- 3170099 TI - Cardiovascular risk factors and age of onset of obesity in severely obese patients. AB - Aim of this study was to evaluate whether the age of onset of obesity might affect the prevalence of CV risk factors in severely obese patients. Five hundred forty-five (385 F aged 42.3 +/- 7.1 yrs, BMI 47.3 +/- 5.1 w/h2 and 160 M of 39.0 +/- 1.1 yrs and BMI of 41.8 +/- 5.3 w/h2) severely obese patients hospitalized in the Metabolic Unit between 1972 and 1985 were subdivided in four classes according to the age of onset of obesity. Severely obese women with maturity onset obesity (i.e. onset greater than or equal to 20 yrs) (MOO) had higher (p less than or equal to .01) serum glucose (118 vs 103 mg/dl) and triglyceride (167 vs 126 mg/dl) than those with early onset obesity (EOO) (i.e. onset less than or equal to 3 yrs) with the same age, BMI and smoking habits. Similar trend was also found in men. In males arterial blood pressure was found to be higher (p less than or equal to .01) in EOO than in MOO (SBP = 152 vs 133 mmHg and DBP = 92 vs 83 mmHg). Similar trend was found in females. In conclusion age of onset of obesity may, at least in part, affect the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in severe obesity. PMID- 3170098 TI - Effects of oral contraceptive steroids on aortic collagen, elastin and cholesterol levels in iron-deficient rats. AB - The effects of oral contraceptive steroids (OCS) and/or Fe deficiency on aortic collagen, elastin and cholesterol levels in female rats were investigated for 12 months. The Fe deficiency did not affect the aortic collagen and cholesterol levels, but it had a tendency to decrease the elastin content. The administration of OCS tended to increase the collagen content, while it did to lower the elastin levels. The combination effects of OCS treatment and the Fe deficiency on the aortic components were in general similar to those of OCS or Fe-deficient anemia alone. The data suggest that chronic treatment with OCS under the Fe deficiency may not greatly alter rat cardiovascular function by modifying the aortic collagen, elastin, and cholesterol contents. PMID- 3170100 TI - Interrelated effects of the type of dietary fat and carbohydrate on cholesterol metabolism in rats. AB - Rats were fed semipurified diets, differing in the amount of cholesterol and the sources of fat (corn oil or coconut fat) and carbohydrate (sucrose or starch). After 21 days dietary corn oil had induced higher serum cholesterol concentrations than did coconut fat, except for on diets with a high-cholesterol, high-sucrose background. On high-cholesterol diets containing coconut fat, dietary sucrose increased serum cholesterol, when compared with starch; with corn oil sucrose tended to lower serum cholesterol. Such a tendency was not seen on cholesterol-free diets. Cholesterol feeding caused a dramatic increase in liver cholesterol with all dietary carbohydrate-fat combinations. Liver cholesterol was higher in rats fed corn oil than in those fed coconut fat. The influence of the type of dietary carbohydrate on liver cholesterol was dependent on the type of fat and the amount of cholesterol in the diet. Thus effects of a single dietary component on serum and liver cholesterol in rats are strongly influenced by the background of the diet. This implies that published results of experiments on diet and cholesterol metabolism in rats cannot be compared readily. PMID- 3170101 TI - Transfer of beta-carotene into colostrum in the cow. PMID- 3170102 TI - Influence factors on the lenticular riboflavin-binding capacity. PMID- 3170103 TI - Retrograde transvenous perfusion cooling of the kidney, a valuable adjunct to in situ partial nephrectomy in complex renal cell carcinoma. First clinical results. AB - We report two cases of complex renal carcinoma in which retrograde transvenous perfusion cooling (RTPC) of the kidney was used as adjunct to in situ partial nephrectomy. Definite advantages seem to favour this technique of regional renal hypothermia. We are hopeful that RTPC of the kidney will in future allow to reduce the frequency of potentially harmful extracorporeal bench surgery with autotransplantation in the conservative management of renal carcinoma. Renal RTPC is applicable whenever the kidney is approached transperitoneally with preliminary exposure of the renal vascular pedicle. Tumour cell spill has to be discussed as possible complication of this method. Both patients are alive 25 and 19 months, respectively, after surgery without evidence of haematogenous, peritoneal or retroperitoneal tumour disease. PMID- 3170104 TI - Renal cell carcinoma associated with acquired renal cystic disease. AB - A patient with eight years' history of haemodialysis treatment developed gross haematuria. During evaluation severe abdominal pain with dyspnoea developed and he died suddenly. Autopsy revealed spindle cell type renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with acquired renal cystic disease and adenoma in the remaining kidney. Multiple embolization of RCC was considered to be linked to the cause of death. Although patients on long-term haemodialysis often have multiple renal cystic lesions, some of which are associated with tumour formation, RCC of this specific cell type in dialysed kidney has not been previously described. PMID- 3170106 TI - Ultrasonic lithotripsy of bladder stones. AB - In the second half of 1985, 15 patients with 25 bladder stones were treated with Lutzeyer's Ultrasonic Lithotriptor. Of the patients 13 underwent additional operations, mostly transurethral resection of the prostate. The average duration of lithotripsy was 30.5 minutes. Some difficulties were experienced especially when drilling hard stones and as a complication late urethral bleeding occurred in one patient. PMID- 3170105 TI - Control of hyperoxaluria with large doses of pyridoxine in patients with kidney stones. AB - Pyridoxine in doses of 250-500 mg daily by mouth was administered to 12 patients suffering from recurrent calcium oxalate renal calculi and idiopathic hyperoxaluria. This therapy decreased urinary oxalate excretion significantly (p less than 0.025) during up to 18 months of treatment. In that period eight patients showed no evidence of active stone disease; three showed slight increase in the size of their old stone(s) and one patient formed one new stone. None of these patients developed any significant complications of the therapy. These findings support the view that pyridoxine in pharmacological doses is useful in the control of elevated urinary oxalate excretion in patients with recurrent renal oxalate calculi. PMID- 3170107 TI - The urethral syndrome. AB - The urethral syndrome is defined as lower urinary tract symptoms in women in the absence of bladder bacteriuria. It is a common disorder in general practice in Saudi Arabia. The aetiology and pathogenic factors involved in its development are still incompletely understood. Many factors have been suggested as causative of this syndrome, including non-specific infections, urethral obstruction and spasm, senile atrophy, psychosomatic and traumatic factors. An aetiological diagnosis should be made if possible and this will depend on clinical examination, mid-stream urine specimen for quantitative culture and microscopy. Cervical and urethral swabs for microscopy and culture are necessary when infection with urethral pathogens such as C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoea is suspected. Urethral calibration and uroflowmetry may be needed in some patients. Treatment with a course of tetracycline is indicated for patients with urethral syndrome who have pyuria, urethral dilatation for patients with urethral syndrome secondary to stenosis, and skeletal and smooth muscle relaxants when spasm is found to be the cause. Local vaginal oestrogen application is effective in the treatment of urethral syndrome secondary to hypoestrogenaemia. PMID- 3170108 TI - A re-appraisal of antibiotic susceptibility tests in the management of bacterial prostatitis. AB - In a material of fifty cases of chronic prostatitis the effectiveness of antibiotic susceptibility tests has been evaluated in the management of bacterial prostatitis. Limitations of the therapy are discussed, and factors effecting drug diffusion across the prostatic membrane are reviewed. PMID- 3170109 TI - High-dose ketoconazole treatment in advanced prostatic cancer. AB - For purposes of testosterone suppression, high doses of ketoconazole were administered to 18 patients with advanced cancer of the prostate for an average of 6 months. A well-evaluable response was observed both objectively and subjectively. The blood levels of the steroid hormones were measured during the treatment period and it was found that testosterone biosynthesis was blocked. Mild gastrointestinal symptoms occurred in the minority of the cases, and administration of the drug had to be stopped in one case because of jaundice. The possibility of the use of smaller doses is being investigated, which may lead to the development of an alternative to the endocrine treatment methods. PMID- 3170110 TI - Monitoring of artificial insemination. AB - Artificial insemination (ADI) has been carried out with donor semen since 1984. Following artificial insemination 14 women out of 27 became pregnant in 1984, 30 women out of 57 in 1985 and 33 women out of 56 until October 1, 1986. The cycles were monitored. Serum LH and oestradiol levels were determined every day from the 10th day of the cycle. Follicle size was monitored daily and cervical mucus was also examined every day. LH reaches the highest level at the time of ovulation. 17-Beta-oestradiol level increases parallel with the growth of follicle. Follicular growth can be best monitored by ultrasound folliculometry, providing 50-60% effectiveness. PMID- 3170112 TI - Primary glomerulonephritis in Hong Kong. AB - The clinical presentation and natural history of 428 patients with biopsy-proven primary glomerulonephritis were reviewed. Minimal change glomerulonephritis presented with the nephrotic syndrome and followed a benign course. Membranous glomerulonephritis took a slow downhill course. HBs antigenaemia was present in 30% of patients with membranous glomerulonephritis. Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis often presented with mixed nephritic-nephrotic syndrome and had a bad prognosis. No type II variant was detected. Mesangial IgA glomerulonephritis commonly presented with abnormal urinary sediments although 2.5% of adults presenting with the nephrotic syndrome without glomerular insufficiency had mesangial IgA disease. Mesangial IgA glomerulonephritis was an important cause of end-stage renal failure in Hong Kong. PMID- 3170111 TI - Incidence of renal complications in Schonlein-Henoch purpura syndrome in dependence of an early administration of steroids. AB - Between 1976 and 1986, the authors treated 33 children with Schonlein-Henoch purpura (S-H purpura), with physiological urinary finding on admission. Twenty three of them received prednisone already at the beginning of hospitalization, 10 were not given any prednisone at all. In patients with prednisone, nephropathy occurred only once (4.3%), in those without prednisone it occurred 5 times (50%), the incidence being thus significantly higher. Prednisone was administered in doses ranging between 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg body mass/day, on an average for 21 days (first 10 days in the same dose, later in reduced doses). Since there is a general lack of data on the positive effect of steroids upon the prevention of nephropathies in S-H purpura, the authors recommend more thorough studies in the initial stage of the disease (before the development of nephropathies). PMID- 3170115 TI - Effect of partial hepatectomy on experimental liver invasion by intraportally injected colon carcinoma cells in rats. AB - Two-third hepatectomy or sham operation was performed in BD IX rats immediately after intraportal injection of colon adenocarcinoma cells of the DHD-K12-TR strain. A dramatic increase in the incidence and growth of tumor cell colonies formed in the liver was observed in the partially hepatectomized as compared to sham-operated animals. Tumors formed in these conditions, developed in the liver parenchyma within less than 2 weeks and were macroscopically detectable at 1 month, without dissemination to other organs at this time and with little alteration of structural morphology of the liver. The model is particularly adequate for therapeutic assay on liver metastases, as, contrary to other models, it does not involve any drug that might interfere in the evaluation. The mechanism whereby partial hepatectomy is acting to enhance tumor take and growth is still unclear. A similar positive effect of hepatectomy on the growth of adenocarcinoma cells when these were grafted in female accessory glands excludes a simple mechanical cause and suggests the involvement of a circulating factor. PMID- 3170114 TI - Metastatic patterns in autopsy cases of cutaneous melanoma. AB - Metastases from 62 skin melanomas occurred in specific organ combinations. CNS involvement was associated with lack of local cutaneous or lymphogenous spread and absence of metastases in lungs, liver and bones. Two predominant patient clusters were observed, one visceral with wide dissemination, and one CNS cluster with cerebral spread but few other metastases. Survival tended to be longer in the CNS cluster, and also depended on age, clinical stage, histologic type and final number of metastases per patient in the total material. It is concluded that dissemination occurs in certain specific patterns with different biological behavior. PMID- 3170116 TI - Biomechanical destruction of cancer cells in the heart: a rate regulator for hematogenous metastasis. AB - B16 and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were introduced into the myocardium via the coronary arteries, following injection into the left ventricular cavity of mice. Bioassays show that the vast majority of the injected cells reaching the beating myocardium were destroyed in less than 5 min. The results support the hypothesis that rapid biomechanical destruction of cancer cells within the microvasculature of the heart is a significant rate regulator of hematogenous metastasis to this organ. PMID- 3170117 TI - Influence of implantation site on growth, antigen expression and metastatic potential of human colonic cancer HT29 and 5583 xenografts in nude mice. AB - In order to study the interaction between tumors and host environmental factors, we xenografted cells from the human colonic carcinoma cell lines HT29 and 5583-S in the subcutis, cecum, spleen and liver of nude mice and compared growth characteristics, metastatic potential and some phenotypic features of the xenografts in these sites. No remarkable differences were observed between the tumors at different inoculation sites in regard of their expression of carcinoembryonic antigen and secretory component or type of mucin produced. Also the proportion of DNA synthesizing cells as determined by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation appeared to be comparable in the studied implantation sites. Local invasive growth characteristics and metastatic potential, however, showed marked differences. Subcutaneous and cecal xenografts frequently showed tumor cell invasion into the surrounding tissue, vasoinvasive growth and discontinuous basement membrane deposition, whereas splenic and hepatic implants demonstrated more encapsulation, no invasion of blood vessels and more continuous basement membrane deposition. Subcutaneous xenografts produced no metastasis. With HT29 cells liver and lymph node metastases occurred frequently from the splenic as well as the cecal xenografts. 5583 cells regularly produced liver metastases from the splenic xenografts, whereas no metastasis from cecal xenografts were observed. We conclude that although the patterns of invasive growth and the metastatic potential differ for various implantation sites, antigen expression and cell kinetic features of tumor implants are hardly influenced by the site of inoculation. PMID- 3170113 TI - A transient monocyte defective function in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (lipoid nephrosis). AB - Alterations in phagocytosis have been studied in 25 patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). At the time of investigation all patients had normal renal function. PMID- 3170118 TI - The immediate effect of phenylephrine on aqueous flow in man. AB - Aqueous flow in normal human eyes was assessed at 1 hr intervals via fluorophotometric measurements, starting 4 hr after fluorescein instillation. The average coefficients of variation of the individual flow values were 5.3% and 8.4% for 1 hr and 1 week intervals, respectively. Aqueous flow was measured in 11 healthy volunteers after the instillation of phenylephrine. In the first hour the aqueous flow showed a significant increase: 131% +/- 72% (P less than 0.001) and in the second hour: 121% +/- 92% (P less than 0.002). Between 2 and 5 hr the average flow did not differ significantly from the flow in the untreated fellow eye. There was no marked effect of pupil dilation on aqueous flow. PMID- 3170119 TI - The effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on intraocular pressure in normotensive human subjects. AB - Hypotensive and other ocular effects were studied for 24 hr after topical application of prostaglandin F2 alpha as the tromethamine salt (PGF2 alpha) in 45 normotensive human subjects. After baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements, 62.5 micrograms, 125 micrograms and 250 micrograms of PGF2 alpha dissolved in 50 microliter of saline was applied to one eye of 15 subjects for each dose tested. Contralateral control eyes received 50 microliter of saline. As compared with the IOP of the contralateral control eyes, topical application of 62.5 micrograms PGF2 alpha caused a significant IOP reduction at 1-12 hr, with a maximal IOP reduction of 2.2 mm Hg at 2 hr. Treatment with 125 micrograms of PGF2 alpha lowered IOP significantly at 1-21 hr, with a maximal reduction of 3.1 mm Hg at 9 hr. Administration of 250 micrograms PGF2 alpha produced a significant reduction of IOP, which lasted for at least 24 hr. A maximal IOP reduction of 2.9 mm Hg occurred at 7 hr. Pupillary diameter was not altered. Aqueous flare and anterior chamber cellular response were not seen in any of the eyes of the subjects at any time after topical application of 62.5-250 micrograms PGF2 alpha. The drug caused side effects consisting of reddened skin of lower lid, ocular irritation, conjunctival hyperemia and headache. PMID- 3170121 TI - Altering body position affects intraocular pressure and visual function. AB - Intraocular pressure (IOP) can be altered by changing body position. This report describes two experiments evaluating variations in IOP, as well as neural functioning of the retina and visual cortex (as measured by pattern-reversal electroretinogram and visual evoked potential), associated with whole-body, head down tilt. The subjects, ten per experiment, were visually normal with IOP less than 19. In the first experiment, IOP elevations were induced by varying the angle of tilt in discrete steps between +90 degrees (upright) and -90 degrees (inverted). In each position IOP was measured and significant elevations (up to 3x baseline) were noted. These elevations were maintained for 1 min during which simultaneous retinal and cortical biopotentials were measured. In the second experiment, 6 degrees head-down tilt was maintained for 2 hr during which time the IOP and both biopotentials were measured repeatedly. Our findings confirm the effect of body position of IOP, while also revealing that head-down tilt produces significant reductions in neurophysiological function at both the retinal and cortical levels. The neural effect is maximized when 6 degrees head-down tilt is maintained for 20 min. PMID- 3170122 TI - Aqueous humor flow measured with fluorophotometry in timolol-treated primates. AB - Anterior chamber aqueous humor flow rate was measured in unanesthetized owl monkeys using fluorophotometry and anterior chamber photogrammetry. The mean anterior chamber turnover constant (ko) was 0.01, the mean aqueous humor flow rate was 2.75 microliters min-1, and the mean anterior chamber volume was 317 microliters in 16 eyes of eight monkeys. A significantly lower (11%, P less than 0.002) flow rate was measured in the afternoon compared to flow rates measured in the morning. This diurnal cycle is analogous to the fluctuations in flow in humans and supports the hypothesis that aqueous humor formation in primates is regulated by endogenous mechanisms. To investigate the role of adrenergic mechanisms in regulating flow, the dose-response effect of topical timolol (0.5 100 micrograms) was measured. Five microliters drops were used to minimize systemic absorption. Lower concentrations (0.01% and 0.05%) caused sporadic changes in flow. Topical 0.1% timolol (5 micrograms) significantly decreased aqueous humor flow in the treated eye compared to baseline flow while flow in the contralateral eye was not significantly different from baseline flow. Higher concentrations of timolol (0.5% and 1%) caused a dose-related bilateral decrease in flow. These results indicate that even with small topical volumes systemic absorption of the higher concentrations of timolol occurs. Significant local inhibition of flow occurred following 5 micrograms of topical timolol whereas an equal bilateral decrease in flow occurred following a 100 microgram dose. These results suggest that the standard clinical dose (approximately equal to 100 micrograms) is supramaximal for decreasing aqueous flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170120 TI - The effect of long-term intraocular pressure reduction on the differential light sensitivity in glaucoma suspects. AB - This study was undertaken to observe the effect on the differential light sensitivity in glaucoma suspects produced by a long-term reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) with timolol maleate. The results are taken from an ongoing 6 year follow-up study of glaucoma suspects randomly selected for treatment and nontreatment. We present fine-grid meridional data, recorded every 4 months by automated perimetry, of all 46 patients (24 treated and 22 untreated) who completed the 6 year follow-up without developing localized visual field defects, acquired optic disc changes and whose IOP was not judged clinically dangerous during the follow-up. Methods of analyzing the profile sensitivity, the profile slope and the sensitivity of specific locations over the follow-up are described. The results show that the long-term fluctuation in differential light sensitivity in the two groups was not significantly different (P = 0.395) and that the sensitivity at most of the locations remained stable. The number of stable locations was not significantly different in the two groups (P = 0.412) and there was also no difference in the number of locations where the sensitivity appeared to decrease (P = 0.193) or increase (P = 0.540). Analysis of covariance showed no group difference in the profile sensitivity or the profile slope and that these variables remained stable in both groups over the 6 year period. Although the treated group maintained a consistently lower IOP than the untreated controls, our results showed that long-term pressure reduction with timolol in glaucoma suspects appeared not to influence the differential light sensitivity in the tested meridian. PMID- 3170123 TI - A treatment for metastasis of murine ocular melanoma. AB - In experiments using cultured cells, LS2616 has been shown to decrease growth of primary tumors and pulmonary metastasis of murine melanoma. In the current study, we examine the efficacy of LS2616 for the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of metastases from ocular and flank inoculations of the highly aggressive in vivo derived B16F10 melanoma in C57BL/6J mice. Experimental animals were treated with 160 mg/kg/day of this drug in drinking water, until they became moribund or died. When mice were pretreated for 7 days and inoculated subcutaneously (sc) or intracamerally (ic) with 10(5) in vivo derived B16F10 tumor cells, the mean number of pulmonary metastases was significantly reduced, and the incidence of pulmonary metastases decreased. In ocular experiments, when pretreatment with drug was combined with enucleation at day 7, the mean number of lung nodules was significantly reduced, the incidence of metastasis to the lung and lymph nodes decreased and survival increased. An apparent cure rate of 31% was observed. Treatment beginning on the day of enucleation (day 7) resulted in a reduction of pulmonary metastases, a decrease in metastasis to the lungs and lymph nodes and no change in survival. LS2616 did not alter tumorigenicity of either sc or ic inoculations. In an in vivo neutralization assay, spleen cells of mice treated for 7 days with LS2616 demonstrated an increase in cytostatic or cytotoxic activity when incubated with B16F10 melanoma cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170124 TI - Comparison of limbal and peripheral human corneal epithelium in tissue culture. AB - Peripheral human corneal epithelium grows better in tissue culture than central epithelium, but it is not known whether ocular limbal epithelium grows even better than does the peripheral corneal epithelium. In this work we compared the growth kinetics of limbal and peripheral human corneal epithelial cells in tissue culture. Four 1-2 mm2 explants, removed from the limbus or from peripheral cornea (1-2 mm inside the limbus) of eye bank eyes, were grown to confluence in primary culture. Cells were then passaged at 2 X 10(5) cells per dish. At intervals thereafter, the cells were counted in a hemocytometer to determine plating efficiency and growth curves. Mitotic activity was determined 4 days after passaging by labeling cultures with 3H-thymidine and counting aliquots using the hemocytometer and scintillation counter. In the primary cultures, limbal epithelium grew as small, uniformly polygonal cells. Peripheral corneal cells grew to a variety sizes. The 24 hr plating efficiency and doubling time of limbal epithelial cells were 47 +/- 8% and 80 +/- 14 hr, respectively, while those of peripheral corneal cells were 41 +/- 10% (P less than 0.1) and 131 +/- 25 hr (P less than 0.001). The mitotic activity of limbal cells was significantly higher than that of peripheral (2.9 +/- 1.2 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.6) (P less than 0.01). These results indicate that human ocular limbal epithelium grows better in culture than does peripheral human corneal epithelium. PMID- 3170125 TI - Analysis of human corneal IgG by isoelectric focusing. AB - Parameters which regulate the localization and retention of IgG within the corneal stroma are complex and poorly understood. Although multiple factors are involved, electrostatic interactions between IgG and anionic corneal tissue components, ie, proteoglycans (PG) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) may regulate the distribution of antibodies within the corneal stroma. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) and blotting analysis of IgG revealed a restricted pI profile for both central and peripheral regions of the normal cornea. Similar analysis of pathological corneas from keratoplasty specimens in Fuchs' dystrophy and keratoconus reveal a variable IEF profile. In the majority of keratoplasty specimens from patients with corneal edema or graft rejection, there was generally little or no IgG detectable. These results suggest that in edematous corneas where there is altered PG/GAG in the stroma and modified fluid dynamics, there is a concomitant loss of IgG. These findings may have implications for immunologic surveillance and protection of the avascular cornea. PMID- 3170126 TI - Pathogenesis of experimental lipid keratopathy. An ultrastructural study of an animal model system. AB - The histology and ultrastructure of experimental lipid keratopathy were studied in hypercholesterolemic rabbits in which the insertion of corneal sutures induced vascularization and subsequent lipid deposition in the anterior stroma. Lipid accumulated in the keratocytes, the pericytes and occasionally in the endothelial cells of the capillaries. The lipid-laden keratocytes were concentrated in the region of the capillaries. No lipid was seen in the control rabbits. In the hypercholesterolemic rabbit with sutures, intracellular lipid in the keratocytes was present largely in nonmembrane-limited droplets with smaller amounts of membrane-limited cholesterol crystals and rare numbers of myelin figures. In addition, large, lipid-engorged spherical cells were present. The numerous phagolysosomes seen ultrastructurally suggest that some of these cells probably represent macrophages. Keratocytes and the large, spherical lipid-engorged cells show focal degenerative changes, including pyknotic nuclei, cytoplasmic coagulation and membrane loss, leaving extracellular mixed accumulations of lipid and cytoplasmic organelles. Small numbers of lymphocytes and plasmacytoid cells were present. No corneal lipid was seen in animals with normocholesterolemia, with or without sutures. In hypercholesterolemic animals, a few lipid-laden keratocytes without macrophages were identified even in the absence of vessels. These morphologic studies support the hypothesis that the accumulation of the corneal lipid in this animal model of lipid keratopathy is the result of increased lysosomal uptake of lipid, probably as low density lipoprotein, from the extracellular space by the keratocytes. The rate of metabolism of this lipid is insufficient to clear the cells of the lipid and the subsequent lipid inspissation results in keratocyte death, leading to macrophage accumulation of lipid and free lipid in the stroma. PMID- 3170127 TI - Viral antibodies in normal tears. AB - Viruses are a common cause of eye infection. The local mucosal response, with production of antibodies released into tears, is believed to provide an important immune defense against these agents. However very little information exists on the viral specificity of normal tear immunoglobulins. In this study we obtained tears, parotid saliva and serum from 40 normal subjects without eye disease. Samples were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies to seven common viruses which invade mucosa: cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein Barr (EBV), herpes simplex type I (HSVI), measles, mumps, rubella and varicella zoster virus (VZV). The majority of normal tears contained antibodies to HSVI (73%) and EBV (65%), occasionally to mumps (30%), rubella (30%), and VZV (20%), and rarely to CMV (5%). Tear viral antibodies were mainly IgA class, but it was not unusual to find IgG antibodies to HSVI, VZV, rubella and measles. Tear and parotid saliva immunoglobulins from the same individual had entirely different viral reactivity. In most cases tear viral antibodies were reflected in serum viral antibodies, although the immunoglobulin class might differ. However, 15% of normal tears had antibodies to HSVI without detectable serum antibodies. From this study we conclude that normal tear immunoglobulins contain antibodies to common viruses, in particular to HSVI and EBV. These tear antibodies are mainly IgA, but can consist of IgG. Viral antibodies in tears are independent of the antibodies present in parotid saliva, suggesting that there is preferential homing of committed B lymphocytes to different mucosal surfaces.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170128 TI - Pathogenesis of blepharoconjunctivitis complicating 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin) therapy in a laboratory model. AB - Systemic treatment of adult male New Zealand albino rabbits with 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin) resulted in a reduction in the size of the meibomian gland. Clinical signs of toxicity included weight loss, alopecia, dry skin and mild conjunctival erythema with crusting on the eyelid margin. Histopathologic findings included thickening of duct and ductule epithelium, decrease in acinar tissue, accentuation of basaloid cells and evidence of periacinar fibrosis. The model presents the first experimental data to indicate that systemic 13-cis retinoic acid effects meibomian gland structure in a laboratory model. Future functional studies of this model may yield important insights into the relationships between meibomian gland morphology, function, the ocular surface and the pathogenesis of blepharo-conjunctivitis. PMID- 3170129 TI - Stability of tonic vergence. AB - Tonic vergence was monitored at 30 min intervals over a 10 hr period of a single day and at intervals of approximately 14 days over a period of 19 weeks. Measurements were also made during a continuous 112 min period in total darkness. Tonic vergence showed neither significant systematic variation nor large random fluctuations during the course of either a day or weeks, demonstrating stability under naturally occurring viewing conditions. During the period in total darkness, however, tonic vergence exhibited a significant decreasing trend, ie, eye position became less convergent with time. Stability was therefore poorer in the absence of visual stimuli. PMID- 3170130 TI - Mitoxantrone in combination with prednimustine in treatment of unfavorable non Hodgkin lymphoma. AB - Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) and prednimustine (Sterecyt) are both active as single agents in the treatment of unfavorable non-Hodgkin lymphoma (UNHL). The efficacy and toxicity of the combination of these agents (NOSTE) was evaluated in 28 patients with advanced histopathologically proven UNHL who were not eligible for aggressive conventional chemotherapy. The median age was 68, range 45-84. Sixteen patients were previously untreated. Eleven patients had received doxorubicin or epidoxorubicin containing regimens and 1 patient had received CVP as first line therapy. MUGA scan was used in monitoring cardiac function in patients with cardiac risk. Novantrone was administered at a dose of 8 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 2 and Sterecyt as an absolute dose 100 mg/less than or equal to 1.6 m2-150 mg/greater than 1.6 m2 on days 1 through 5. The regimen was repeated every 4th week. The number of courses per patient ranged from 2 to 10. Objective response was obtained in 22 (78%) patients (20 CR and 2 PR). No response occurred in 6 patients (4 SD, 2 PD). Decreased left ventricular ejection fraction was recorded in 1 patient who suffered from asthma and ischemic heart disease. Hematological toxicity was tolerable. Gastrointestinal toxicity was rare. No hair loss was observed. After a median follow-up of 28 months the crude survival was 46%. Twelve of twenty complete responders are still in remission, the median duration of remission is 28.3 months, range 15-37. NOSTE in this pilot study showed a high response rate, good tolerance and mild toxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170131 TI - Human leukocyte alpha interferon-induced transient neurotoxicity in children. AB - Neuropsychiatric complications with recombinant alpha interferon (rIFN-alpha) have been described in adults. Little documentation of similar toxicity in pediatric phase I and phase II trials exists. Two children, treated with rIFN alpha, experienced confusion, somnolence and syncope, associated with transient electroencephalographic abnormalities. Symptoms abated and electroencephalographic findings improved with termination of therapy. Readministration at lower dosages has not been associated with recurrence of neurotoxicity. PMID- 3170132 TI - Acute leukemia occurring after radiotherapy and chemotherapy with a nitrosourea, PCNU. AB - Secondary acute leukemias can occur in patients who have been treated with chemotherapy. Several reports have shown that treatment with nitrosoureas can result in secondary leukemia, but this is the first report implicating the investigational drug PCNU as a cause. This case is unique because of the cytogenetic findings, the short latency period between the chemotherapy and the diagnosis of leukemia, and the successful treatment of the leukemia with high dose cytarabine (ara-C). PMID- 3170133 TI - In vitro activity of amonafide against primary human tumors compared with the activity of standard agents. AB - Amonafide, one of a series of benz[de]-isoquinoline-1,3-dione compounds, is now entering phase II clinical trials in this country. We tested amonafide, exposed continuously for 5 days, at four different concentrations against 56 primary human tumors in vitro. The drug concentration range used was based on amonafide's inhibitory activity against human bone marrow cells. The antitumor activity of 5 fluorouracil, mitomycin C, cisplatin, and etoposide against tumors from this panel of 56 was compared with that of amonafide at in vitro concentrations equitoxic against human bone marrow cells. Amonafide was active against only 12% of tumors compared with standard agents, which were active against more than 40% of tumors in the human bone marrow inhibitory range. Our data suggested that amonafide is less likely to be clinically active against human solid tumors than the standard agents. PMID- 3170134 TI - PCNU: phase II evaluation in advanced colorectal carcinoma. AB - PCNU, a N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea, was administered to 37 previously treated patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum. The drug dose was 100 mg/m2, intravenously, over one hour for good risk patients and 75 mg/m2 for poor risk patients. Poor risk patients were defined as patients over 65 years of age or having liver enzymes greater than twice normal. The infusion was repeated at 6 week intervals. Seventeen patients (median performance status 80%) received PCNU at the 100 mg/m2 dose; 20 patients (median performance status 70%) received PCNU at the 75 mg/m2 dose. Complete responses were not observed. One patient treated with 100 mg/m2 achieved a partial response. Toxicity was primarily hematological with life-threatening leukopenia and thrombocytopenia observed in six patients. PCNU administered in the described dose schedule demonstrated little therapeutic efficacy in this patient population. PMID- 3170136 TI - The raw and the cooked, or the importance of the motion of water for MRI revisited. PMID- 3170137 TI - Correlation between breast parenchymal patterns and mammographers' certainty of diagnosis. AB - The density of breast tissue on a mammogram may affect radiologists' diagnostic decisions. To evaluate possible correlations among breast parenchymal pattern and diagnostic confidence, six radiologists classified 655 mammograms as N1, P1, P2, and DY, according to Wolfe's criteria. Evaluation of radiologists' confidence interpreting the mammograms (1 = absolutely certain, 2 = fairly certain, 3 = uncertain), shows a significant correlation between decreasing diagnostic certainty and increasing complexity of the mammographic breast parenchymal pattern. That readers are less confident in their interpretation of P2 and DY breast parenchymal patterns has implications for the operation of breast cancer screening programs. PMID- 3170138 TI - Delayed magnetic resonance hepatic imaging with gadolinium-DTPA. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging of the liver was performed on 11 rabbits (3-5 kg) before and at 4, 5 and 6 hours after the intravenous administration of 0.3 mM/kg Gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) to determine if hepatocytes exhibit delayed excretion of Gd-DTPA, similar to the delayed hepatic excretion of iodinated contrast agents. Imaging was performed at 0.5 Tesla in the axial plane using a spin echo sequence of TR/TE, 250/20 milliseconds. Precontrast and postcontrast intensity changes for liver and muscle were standardized and compared over time. The average percent of postcontrast enhancement for liver and muscle, respectively was: 30.6 +/- 9.5% and 17.3 +/- 17.0% immediately postcontrast; 9.7 +/- 13.6% and 1.6 +/- 13.8% at 4 hours; 9.6 +/- 7.8% and 4.3 +/ 13.2% at 5 hours; and 11.0 +/- 7.8% and 4.1 +/- 11.7% at 6 hours. We conclude that there is not significant hepatocyte excretion of Gd-DTPA at 4 to 6 hours postcontrast injection in rabbits and that this may not be an advantageous paramagnetic contrast strategy for focal hepatic lesion detection. PMID- 3170139 TI - Effects of turbulence on signal intensity in gradient echo images. AB - Although the appearance of laminar vascular flow in magnetic resonance (MR) images has been characterized, there is no general agreement about the effect of turbulent flow on MR signal intensity. This study uses a fast scan gradient echo pulse sequence to evaluate nonpulsatile turbulent flow in two different models. The first model simulated flow in normal vascular structure. It generated nonpulsatile, laminar and turbulent flow in straight, smooth-walled Plexiglas tubes. The second model simulated flow through a vascular stenosis. It generated nonpulsatile, laminar, and turbulent flow through an orifice. Velocities and flow rates ranged from low physiologic to well above the physiologic range (velocity = .3 to 280 cm/second, flow rate from .15 to 40 L/minute). Transition from laminar to turbulent flow was observed with dye streams. Turbulent flow in straight, smooth-walled vessels was not associated with a decrease in MR signal intensity even at the highest velocities and flow rates studied. The transition from laminar to turbulent flow through an orifice is not associated with a decrease in gradient echo signal intensity. As the intensity of the turbulent flow increases, however, there is a threshold above which signal intensity decreases linearly as turbulence increases (r = .97). This study suggests that flow in normal vascular structures should not be associated with decreased signal intensity in gradient echo images. Turbulent flow through areas such as valves, valvular lesions or vascular stenoses, may be associated with a decrease in gradient echo signal intensity. PMID- 3170135 TI - Phase II trials of 5-day vinblastine infusion (NSC 49842), L-alanosine (NSC 153353), acivicin (NSC 163501), and aminothiadiazole (NSC 4728) in patients with recurrent or metastatic renal cell carcinoma. AB - One hundred and forty-four evaluable patients with recurrent or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were treated with vinblastine infusion (n = 35), L-alanosine (n = 36), acivicin (n = 27), or aminothiadiazole (n = 46). Observed objective response rates of 9%, 3%, 4%, and 2%, respectively indicate that noe of these agents has significant antineoplastic activity in recurrent or metastatic RCC. Multivariate analysis of survival data suggests that initial performance status, time from initial diagnosis to study entry, and the presence or absence of lung metastases are important prognostic factors for survival. After adjustment for these factors, treatment assignment was also seen to be of prognostic value. All four treatments were generally well tolerated. There were no reports of life threatening or lethal toxicities; however, 37% of the patients experienced severe reactions to treatment, primarily myelosuppression, anemia, neuropathies, and mucositis. PMID- 3170140 TI - Mixing problems of low flow hepatic artery infusion. Improvement with small caliber double lumen balloon catheters. AB - The problem of inhomogeneous mixing encountered during hepatic artery (HA) chemotherapy infusion was assessed and a practical solution examined. A glass model of the human HA distribution was used to determine mixing homogeneity of low flow (1.4 mL/minute) dye infusion into pulsatile flow (280-300 mL/minute) of a fluid isoviscous to blood. Dye concentration in each of 16 HA branches was determined by photospectrometry. Dye infusion was carried out through 2-2.5F double lumen end hole or proximal side hole balloon catheters without balloon inflation, with balloon inflation maintaining full HA flow, and with the balloon inflated so that HA flow was reduced by 50%. The measurements taken without balloon inflation showed gross inhomogeneity of dye concentration in various branches. The inhomogeneity was not improved during balloon inflation as long as full HA flow was maintained. After balloon inflation reduced HA flow by 50%, dye mixing was improved significantly, with infusion through side hole catheters (alpha = .002) but not significantly (alpha = .2) with infusion through end hold catheters. This investigation suggests that the proposed technique might be useful for clinical application and deserves further evaluation in an in vivo system. PMID- 3170141 TI - A simple method for long-term biliary access in large animals. AB - A simple method to obtain long-term access to the biliary tree in dogs and pigs is presented. In ten dogs and four pigs, a cholecystectomy was performed, the cystic duct isolated, and a catheter inserted into the cut end of the cystic duct. The catheter was connected to a subcutaneous infusion port, producing a closed, internal system to allow long-term access. The catheter placement was successful in three of the pigs and all of the dogs. Thirty-five cholangiograms were obtained in the 13 subjects by accessing the port with a 20 gauge Huber needle and injecting small amounts (4-10 mL) of contrast under fluoroscopic control. Cholangiograms were obtained up to four months after catheter placement without evidence for catheter failure or surgically induced changes in the biliary tree. This model provides a simple, reliable means to obtain serial cholangiograms in a research setting. PMID- 3170142 TI - Insertion and recovery of a new retrievable vena caval filter. Work in progress. AB - A new retrievable inferior vena cava (IVC) filter was tested in nine pigs. Insertion was through a 14 French sheath using both the femoral and jugular approaches. All insertions were successful, and there was a 100% postinsertion IVC patency rate (8/8 pigs at one week and 1/1 pig at one month). Addition of an apical hook to the filter design allowed transjugular retrieval of two filters at one week postinsertion. Three of nine filters migrated to the upper IVC. The filter's design allows paraxial blood flow despite trapped thrombus and inhibits filter tilting. In vitro, the filter captured 95% to 100% of 5 X 5 mm clots. If problems with migration can be solved, the new filter may provide effective short and long-term prophylaxis against pulmonary embolism. PMID- 3170143 TI - Reduced cerebrospinal fluid production in the rat and rabbit by diatrizoate. Ventriculocisternal perfusion. AB - The effect of the radiographic contrast agent diatrizoate on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production was determined by ventriculocisternal perfusion. The lateral ventricle and cisterna magna of anesthetized rats and rabbits were cannulated stereotactically and perfused continuously with a H-3 inulin-labeled artificial CSF solution. Baseline collections of CSF began after steady state outflow was established; then, diatrizoate was administered intravenously for 1 hour. The baseline rate of CSF production was compared with that measured during and after the diatrizoate infusion. The baseline CSF production rate was 3.7 +/- 0.1 and 18.6 +/- 1.4 microL/minute in the rat and rabbit, respectively. Diatrizoate decreased the CSF production rate to 2.9 +/- 0.1 and 13.9 +/- 0.9 microL/minute. This reduced rate continued for at least 90 minutes after the end of the diatrizoate infusion, averaging 3.0 +/- 0.1 and 12.0 +/- 0.6 microL/minute in the rat and rabbit, respectively. These results confirm that decreased CSF production induced by the intravenous administration of diatrizoate is not species specific and is observed with the ventriculocisternal perfusion method of measuring CSF production rates. PMID- 3170145 TI - Ranking: a year three follow-up in a different institution. AB - Ranking residents as a means of semiobjective evaluation of their overall performance was described in 1985. The predictive nature of pooled faculty ranking of residents was stressed. Ranking of resident total scores on The American College In-training Examination and American Board of Radiology written examination was noted to be statistically related to the pooled faculty ranking. Similarly, the faculty ranking was predictive of itself in subsequent rankings. A cohesiveness of faculty consensus was present such that small numbers (five minimum) were predictive of larger groups of participating faculty. All reported observations persist in the new institution. Exceptions to expected residency level of training stratification (eg, third-year residents ranking in the midst of first-year residents, second-year residents ranking above many third-year residents) continue to be the most useful observation in counseling residents. Additional information reported includes sensitivity of the ranking to improvement or nonimprovement of probated residents. PMID- 3170144 TI - The effect of 'irrelevant' IgG protein selection on target uptake ratios of radiolabeled antibodies. AB - The uptake ratios of radiolabeled antibodies (Ab) commonly are two to three times the uptake ratios of the normal surrounding tissue. In an experimental crush injury model, we also defined a two to three times greater range of uptake of type I anticollagen antibody (Ac-Ab-I) from 1.5 hours to 48 hours after tail injury in the rat. Specific target uptake, however, often is further categorized by comparing the uptake ratio of Ab to that of a nonspecific protein. We present data to indicate that this nonspecific uptake may represent a significant variable. We found that sheep IgG gave consistently less nonspecific uptake in our model than did rabbit IgG. In the acute model (protein injected 1.5 hours after injury), damaged: normal tail ratios were Ac-Ab-I = 2.34, sheep = 0.8, and rabbit = 1.6. The extent of specific Ab uptake seems dependent upon the choice of "irrelevant" IgG controls. PMID- 3170146 TI - CAS and Association of American Medical Colleges Report. PMID- 3170147 TI - New biologies and therapies for breast cancer. PMID- 3170148 TI - Low dose cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of myeloid leukaemias and myelodysplastic syndromes. PMID- 3170149 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma in a chronically draining chest empyema. PMID- 3170150 TI - Tuberculosis. PMID- 3170152 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns in serous effusions. PMID- 3170151 TI - Results of a study of tuberculin conversion rates in primary school children in Ireland. PMID- 3170153 TI - Meningococcal infection in children. PMID- 3170155 TI - Symptomatic and urodynamic evaluation of patients undergoing prostatectomy. PMID- 3170154 TI - Relationship of periodic pancreatic secretion and gallbladder contraction to plasma cholecystokinin in dogs. PMID- 3170157 TI - The role of the Guild in the Ireland of today. PMID- 3170158 TI - Humanization of sickness. PMID- 3170156 TI - Penicillamine induced pemphigus--a report of 2 cases. PMID- 3170159 TI - 'The spiritual dimension of care'. Is it being met? PMID- 3170160 TI - Monensin and bile protein secretion. A tool to investigate hepatocyte intracellular vesicular polarity. AB - Bile derived from monensin treated bile-fistula rats was analysed by SDS polyacrylamide gels. Differences in proteins were observed for bands presumptively corresponding to transferrin, secretory-IgA and free secretory components after treatment with the ionophore. The results show that the secretion of proteins in bile is differentiated and asyncronous, confirming a polarity of the hepatocyte subcellular compartments. PMID- 3170162 TI - Transient amnesias. Ravenna, 9 April 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3170161 TI - Abstracts: meeting on "Polyamines in Biology and Medicine". June 4-5, 1987, Milan. PMID- 3170163 TI - Transient global amnesia: case-reports. AB - We report the clinical and paraclinical data concerning 53 cases of transient global amnesia. PMID- 3170164 TI - Transient global amnesia: a personal series of 60 cases. AB - A personal series of 60 cases of transient global amnesia is reported. The main clinical characteristics and the results of ancillary examinations are presented. PMID- 3170165 TI - Transient global amnesia: analysis of 42 consecutive cases. AB - 42 consecutive cases of transient global amnesia are briefly analysed. The relationship with migraine seems more impressive than the importance of cerebrovascular risk factors. PMID- 3170166 TI - Transient global amnesia: a personal series of idiopathic and post-traumatic cases. AB - Data concerning a personal series of idiopathic and post-traumatic transient global amnesia (TGA) are presented. TGA appears an essentially benign disorder. PMID- 3170168 TI - Transient global amnesia: a large series with neuropsychological examination and a case-control study. AB - We studied a large series of patients with transient global amnesia (TGA). Clinical and neuropsychological evaluations are reported. A case-control study provides some arguments against the hypothesis of cerebrovascular ischemia as a main etiology for TGA. PMID- 3170169 TI - Transient global amnesia follow-up: a neuropsychological investigation. AB - A neuropsychological follow-up was made in a group of patients affected by transient global amnesia (TGA). The results suggest that TGA could leave some attentional and mnesic "fragility". PMID- 3170167 TI - Transient global amnesia: a clinical and EEG study. AB - 33 cases of transient global amnesia are reported. An interaction between organic and functional factors in determining the syndrome is supposed. PMID- 3170171 TI - Can association between transient global amnesia and migraine tell us something about the pathophysiology of transient global amnesia? AB - The paper deals with the pathophysiological mechanism involved in classic migraine and in transient global amnesia. It is concluded that a primary neuronal mechanism, possibly the spreading depression of Leao, is the most likely explanation of both the syndromes. PMID- 3170170 TI - Epileptic transient amnesia. AB - Transient global amnesia (TGA) was formerly supposed to have an epileptic origin thought unlikely by more recent authors. Further, epileptic seizures rarely present transient memory dysfunction as prominent symptom. These particular cases of which we report here three examples were previously identified as epileptic amnesic attacks (EAA). They have uniform clinical characteristics quite different from TGA and respond favorably to antiepileptic therapy. The features differentiating these two conditions are discussed. The authors suggest that an epileptic origin should be considered in patients presenting frequent transient amnesic attacks. PMID- 3170172 TI - Problems in the differential diagnosis of various forms of transient amnesias. AB - Definitions and criteria of transient global amnesia (TGA) are described and discussed and related to other forms of transient amnesic attacks. By doing so, possible causes and risk factors for TGA are listed, and TGA is compared with other amnesic states, and differentiating factors are given. PMID- 3170174 TI - And now, brought to you by the same people who designed the Edsel... PMID- 3170175 TI - One hospital's dilemma. PMID- 3170176 TI - A reprise on referrals. PMID- 3170177 TI - Laryngoplasty for vocal cord medialization. PMID- 3170173 TI - The effect of single dose, intravenous cyclophosphamide on the mouse intestinal IgA response to cholera toxin. AB - The IgA response of gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) to enteric pathogens is a vital component of the mucosal barrier. This study describes the effect of cyclophosphamide (Cy) on the IgA anti-CT response of Peyer's patch (PP) and lamina propria cells derived from mice previously challenged enterically with two weekly doses of 10 micrograms CT. Under normal circumstances, both PP and lamina propria responses peaked 7 days after the second dose of CT. To evaluate the effect of a single dose of Cy on this response, mice were given Cy (50 mg/kg) intravenously on days -2, 0, 2 or 7 relative to the initial dose of CT. Cultures of PP and jejunal segments were established 7 days after the booster dose of CT (time or normal peak response). A single dose of Cy suppressed the IgA anti-CT response of PP and, to a lesser extent, jejunal segment cultures only if the drug was given 2 days before the primary dose of CT. This suppression of the anti-CT response was overcome when Cy was given 2 days before CT priming, and CT was administered three times, on days 0, 7 and 14; thus, the effect of Cy was brief and did not appear to promote tolerance to CT. These data show that a single, moderate dose of Cy, given before enteric priming of the GALT, can inhibit the mucosal IgA response to CT. The effect of Cy is relatively brief and dependent upon the time at which the drug is given relative to the induction of the mucosal immune response. PMID- 3170179 TI - Trichinosis following ingestion of wild pig in Hawaii: a case report. PMID- 3170178 TI - Exogenous estrogen, gender dysphoria, and hairy leukoplakia. PMID- 3170181 TI - Health care in Hawaii. PMID- 3170180 TI - Observation: a useful tool or a relic from the past? PMID- 3170182 TI - Effect of prophylactic administration of nimodipine in patients with migraine. PMID- 3170183 TI - Hypothesis: stress induced vascular entrapment and migraine. PMID- 3170184 TI - Pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials and EEG correlations in common migraine patients. PMID- 3170185 TI - The relationship between muscle contraction headache and migraine: a multivariate analysis study. PMID- 3170186 TI - Cardiac murmurs indicative of aortic valve disease with chronic and excessive intake of ergotamine. PMID- 3170187 TI - Headache patients as they see themselves. PMID- 3170188 TI - Impaired cardiovascular reflexes in cluster headache and migraine patients: evidence for an autonomic dysfunction. PMID- 3170189 TI - Are there objective criteria to follow up migrainous patients? A prospective study with thermography and evoked potentials. PMID- 3170191 TI - The progress of 'state' (i.e. 'restricted') patients, after transfer or discharge from the State Hospital at Carstairs, from 1.1.78 to 1.1.88. PMID- 3170190 TI - Idiopathic headaches: a neuropsychological and computerized electromyographic study. PMID- 3170192 TI - Do patients need practice information leaflets? PMID- 3170193 TI - Cervical screening at a breast screening clinic. PMID- 3170194 TI - A survey of the elderly in an Angus Burgh. PMID- 3170197 TI - The chief scientist reports ... the meaning of independent living for people with a mental handicap. PMID- 3170196 TI - HIV counselling: change in trends in public concern. PMID- 3170195 TI - Differentials in mortality. PMID- 3170198 TI - Attitudes of hospital executives toward product line management: a pilot survey. AB - This article reports results of a pilot survey of hospital executive attitudes toward product line management (PLM). Results indicate that the majority of respondents feel the concept is applicable to hospitals in general as well as to their own institutions. However, the respondents have not really internalized some of the key attributes of the concept and the likelihood of adopting PLM is higher for large, for-profit, and urban hospitals. PMID- 3170199 TI - Changing criteria for hospital acquisitions. AB - This article presents models that explain differences between hospitals that were and were not acquired over a five-year period. Analyses show that there was not an overall model applicable to all years. Rather, out of a general set of environmental and organizational variables, several models were found necessary for different time periods. The need for multiple models reflects the changing dynamics of the environment that continuously confound health care institutions. PMID- 3170200 TI - Evaluating health care advertising. AB - Evaluating health care advertising is a four-part process that enables health care managers to target particular markets and to determine the effects of advertising particular services and products. PMID- 3170201 TI - Employee suggestion programs in nonprofit hospitals. AB - In an effort to improve productivity and foster cost consciousness, many not-for profit hospitals have implemented employee incentive programs. Employee suggestion programs were reviewed, addressing the factors that influence hospital employees' attitudes toward participation in the program and the design and organization of effective employee suggestion programs. PMID- 3170203 TI - HCMR interview: Jack Cashill. Interview by Montague Brown and Sherry Larson. PMID- 3170204 TI - Results of a thyroid monitoring survey carried out on workers exposed to 125I in Sao Paulo, Brazil. AB - The thyroids of 30 workers performing routine 125I labelling in several laboratories of the city of Sao Paulo have been monitored about once every 2-3 mo from November 1985 to October 1986. Twenty-five of them presented a significant radioactivity (in our detection system greater than 62 Bq), but none reached the maximum permissible thyroid burden. The maximum measured thyroid contamination is 24 kBq (650 nCi). The uptakes were determined by comparison with a standard curve obtained by placing various calibrated standard sources of 125I in a thyroid neck phantom. The paper also describes the set up of quality controlled counting conditions, with high sensitivity, precision, accuracy and stable detector efficiency, by adaptation of an old equipment to this purpose. Calculated 125I effective half-lives for five individuals ranged between 31.7 and 47.0 d, the average being 39.4 +/- 6.1 d. PMID- 3170202 TI - Role stress in hospital executives and nursing executives. AB - Two recent studies report for the first time on role stress in hospital executives--those in general administration and those in top nursing positions. Analysis reveals some similarities and differences, which provide insight into the difficult jobs of these executives. PMID- 3170206 TI - Relationship of 220Rn and 222Rn progeny levels in Canadian underground U mines. AB - Radon-222 and 220Rn progeny are found in some Canadian underground U mines. Because both can contribute to lung dose, their experimental determinations are important. The relationship between 222Rn progeny Working Level [WL(Rn)] and 220Rn progeny Working Level [WL(Tn)] has been investigated in U mines. Experimental measurements extended from 1981 to 1986 and consisted of about 700 measurements of each WL(Rn) and WL(Tn). The data were analyzed by standard linear and power-function regression analysis. A power-function relationship between WL(Rn) and WL(Tn) seemed to fit the experimental data best. The relationship obtained permits the calculation of WL(Tn) from experimental values of WL(Rn). The relationship is useful for lung-dose-calculation purposes and in mine ventilation-engineering calculations. PMID- 3170205 TI - Plutonium, Am, Cm and Sr in ducks maintained on radioactive leaching ponds in southeastern Idaho. AB - Concentrations of 90Sr, 238Pu, 239,240Pu, 241Am, 242Cm and 244Cm were determined in tissues of mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) maintained for 43-145 d on radioactive leaching ponds in southeastern Idaho. Highest concentrations of transuranics occurred in the gastrointestinal tract, followed closely by feathers. Approximately 75%, 18%, 6% and 1% of the total transuranic activity in tissues analyzed were associated with the bone, feathers, GI tract and liver, respectively. Concentrations in GI tracts were similar to concentrations in vegetation and insects in the littoral area of the ponds. The calculated total dose rate to the ducks from both 90Sr and the transuranic nuclides was 0.69 mGy d 1 (69 mrad d-1), of which 99% was to the bone. The potential effective dose equivalent to a human consuming the entire muscle and liver mass of one experimental duck with average nuclide concentrations was 0.46 microSv (0.046 mrem). Based upon average concentrations in experimental ducks and on surveys of wild waterfowl using this area, a conservative estimate of transuranic activity exported by wild ducks using the ponds during one year was 11.3 kBq (305 nCi). Similarly, the total amount of 90Sr exported in muscle, bone and lung of wild ducks in one year was 2.5 MBq (68.7 microCi). PMID- 3170207 TI - Estimates of radiation dose and health risks to the United States population following the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident. AB - Estimates of both individual and collective doses received by the United States population following the Chernobyl accident have been made by using the data obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System. Radionuclides associated with the debris first were measured in precipitation and surface air particulates at Portland, OR and Olympia, WA on 5 May 1986. Iodine-131 was the most consistently measured nuclide in all media, although several Cs and Ru isotopes also were observed. Strontium and any actinides notably were absent from the samples at the lower level of detection. The highest calculated individual-organ dose due to intake during May and June 1986 was 0.52 mSv to the infant thyroid in the state of Washington. This was predominantly (98%) from the ingestion of milk. The maximum U.S. collective dose equivalent to any organ was calculated to be 3,300 person-Sv to the thyroid. Risk estimates project three excess lung cancer deaths and an additional four deaths due to cancers of thyroid, breast and leukemia in the U.S. population over the next 45 y from exposure during the May-June 1986 interval. The only long lived radionuclide measured in milk samples following the accident was 137Cs. We estimate 20 excess fatalities from the ingestion of 137Cs in milk during all subsequent years, with six of these due to lung cancer and the majority of the remainder distributed approximately equally among cancers of the thyroid, breast, liver and leukemia. A total of 100 excess fatalities from all dietary components was estimated. Because of the uncertainty of risk estimates from data such as those available for this study, all calculated values carry a range of uncertainty from a minimum of one-half the calculated value to a maximum of two times the calculated value. The estimated excess fatalities given above may be compared with corresponding projected cancer mortality from all other causes: 41,000 fatalities from thyroid cancer and 3,800,000 fatalities from lung cancer are estimated to occur within the U.S. population during the next 45 y. PMID- 3170208 TI - A pathway analysis approach for determining acceptable levels of contamination of radionuclides in soil. AB - A methodology for determining acceptable levels for decontamination of soil containing radionuclides at waste sites is described. This methodology calculates the annual radiation dose that an individual receives while living on property that has been decommissioned and decontaminated. Pathways of exposure include direct radiation from ground surfaces, ingestion of contaminated food, inhalation of resuspended radionuclides and drinking contaminated water. Results calculated using this methodology were compared with U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) guidelines for a southeastern U.S. site. There is good agreement between the two methods provided similar assumptions are used. PMID- 3170209 TI - Neutron personnel dosimetry intercomparison studies at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory: a summary (1981-1986). AB - To provide an opportunity for dosimetrists to test and calibrate their neutron personnel monitoring systems, the staff of the Dosimetry Applications Research (DOSAR) Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has conducted personnel dosimetry intercomparison studies (PDIS) periodically since 1974. During these studies, personnel dosimeters are mailed to ORNL, exposed to low level (less than 15 mSv) neutron dose equivalents in a variety of mixed-radiation fields, and then returned to the participants for evaluation. These intercomparisons have provided more data on neutron dosimeter performance than any other periodic test program conducted to date. This report presents a summary and analysis of about 3450 neutron dose equivalent measurements reported for PDIS 7 through 12 (1981-1986) with emphasis on low dose equivalent sensitivity, accuracy and precision, and performance relative to accreditation standards for the basic types of personnel dosimetry systems. Relationships of the PDIS results to occupational neutron monitoring, accreditation testing, and methods to improve personnel neutron dosimetry performance are also discussed. PMID- 3170210 TI - Measuring Rn progeny by the three-interval counting method: the influence of 220Rn progeny. PMID- 3170211 TI - Radionuclides of U, Th, Po and Pb in residents of central Ohio and coal miners of West Virginia. PMID- 3170212 TI - Dependence of the 137Cs soil-to-plant transfer factor on soil parameters. PMID- 3170214 TI - A proposal concerning "the new dosimetry". PMID- 3170215 TI - Reply to comments on estimates of external gamma exposure. PMID- 3170216 TI - Radiation-induced malignant tumors of bone in patients with Hodgkin's disease. AB - Sixteen cases of radiogenic malignant bone tumors which developed in patients 4 to 31 y after they had received radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease are compared with 70 similar cases occurring after radiation exposure for other causes. No significant differences in age at irradiation, latent period, histology of tumors or radiographic characteristics were found between the Hodgkin's cases and those of the comparison series. Fourteen of the 16 tumors in Hodgkin's patients, or 87%, were diagnosed in the 15-y period between 1971 and 1985 in contrast to only 34% of the larger non-Hodgkin's series. This difference appears significant and is associated with a doubling of the proportion of Hodgkin's patients who are now living past the minimum latent period for such tumors. The median dose in the Hodgkin's patients, 4000 cGy, is less than the 5100-cGy median in the other patients, and the range and protraction of the total doses are much less. In Hodgkin's patients who have received total nodal irradiation, the volume of osseous tissue which is exposed may reach 25% of the total in the body. This is much greater than in most other treatment plans. Six of the Hodgkin's patients received chemotherapy within a few months of irradiation; only three of 70 non-Hodgkin's patients did so. All of the last factors may have modified the risk of radiation carcinogenesis in the Hodgkin's patients but the data are not yet adequate for quantitation of the effect. PMID- 3170217 TI - The effects of adult human tissue composition on the dosimetry of photons and electrons. AB - A reassessment of the composition of several types of adult human tissues has been completed. Principal findings relating to the compositions of 30 selected tissues will be discussed and comparisons with previously reported data will be highlighted. The effects of tissue composition on the dosimetry of photons and electrons are evaluated by considering attenuation and energy absorption coefficients for photons and the stopping and scattering powers of electrons over the energy interval 0.01-50 MeV. Calculated results for the tissues compared to pure water are presented. PMID- 3170213 TI - Comments on 'Alternatives to the BEIR relative risk model for explaining atomic bomb survivor cancer mortality'. PMID- 3170219 TI - A biokinetic model for Rb in humans. AB - Although whole-body retention of Rb in humans has been characterized reasonably well, current biokinetic models for Rb do not provide detailed or accurate descriptions of the time-dependent distribution of this element within the body. In this paper we construct a physiologically descriptive biokinetic model that closely tracks the movement of Rb from the time of intake until virtually all of the ingested or injected quantity has been removed from the body. The selection process for model parameter values is described for a reference adult male, but we demonstrate how the model may be applied to non-reference humans, including young children. It is shown that the model accurately predicts long-term retention of Rb in both sexes and in different age groups and depicts changes with time in the internal distribution of Rb with sufficient accuracy to be suitable for dosimetric estimates even for the short-lived isotope 82Rb (T 1/2 = 75 s). PMID- 3170218 TI - Radiation does from medical in-vivo prompt gamma-ray activation using a mobile nuclear reactor. AB - A method of medical diagnosis of toxic elements, using a neutron beam from a mobile nuclear reactor to perform partial-body in-vivo prompt gamma-ray activation technique, has been developed. Both neutron and gamma-ray dose equivalents in an irradiated phantom and around medical researchers were measured and evaluated. Neutron flux at various kinetic energies was measured using an activation foil technique, and the neutron dose equivalents at tissues of risk inside the irradiated phantom were calculated by neutron transport code. Gamma ray dose equivalents inside the irradiated phantom and around the nuclear reactor were measured by thermoluminescent dosimeters. The risk associated with the neutron and gamma radiation dose equivalents received by both the irradiated phantom and medical researchers were evaluated in detail. The radiation safety of the in-vivo medical diagnosis using the mobile nuclear reactor, under the context of radiation protection guidelines, is discussed. PMID- 3170220 TI - Age distribution of exposed populations. PMID- 3170221 TI - [The OAT syndrome in fathers in retrospect to reproduction and birth of a child]. PMID- 3170222 TI - [Refertilization operation in men using microsurgical technics]. PMID- 3170224 TI - [Delimitation of recurrent prostate congestion due to chronic prostatitis]. PMID- 3170223 TI - [Parameters of accessory secretion (carnitine, fructose,citrate) in andrological patients]. PMID- 3170225 TI - [Urodynamic findings in vegetative urogenital syndrome]. PMID- 3170226 TI - [Microwave hyperthermia in chronic prostatitis and prostatodynia--preliminary results]. PMID- 3170227 TI - [Assessment of nosocomial infections at a urological clinic--methods and results]. PMID- 3170228 TI - [Gynecologic aspects in the origin of cystitis]. PMID- 3170229 TI - [Cystitis with incrustations due to alkaline urine. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 3170230 TI - [The management of ureter stones in the age of ESWL]. PMID- 3170231 TI - [What is meant with: stone-free--disintegration sediment--rest-stone following ESWL treatment of infectious discharge stones?]. PMID- 3170232 TI - [The accuracy of computerized tomography in the staging of bladder carcinoma]. PMID- 3170233 TI - [Arthroplasty using a Swanson implant for traumatic arthropathy of the fingers]. PMID- 3170234 TI - Hyperunstable hemoglobin Koriyama anti-Hb Gun Hill insertion of five residues in the beta chain. AB - A new hyperunstable hemoglobin was found in a Japanese girl who had very severe, chronic hemolytic anemia. Her parents and siblings were hematologically normal. The abnormal hemoglobin comprised a very small proportion of the total hemoglobin, although it was produced almost at the same rate as normal hemoglobin. Sequencing of an abnormal peptide which was liberated from the beta chain by hydrolysis with a protease from Staphylococcus aureus V8 disclosed the tandem insertion of a five-residue segment which included the proximal histidine at beta 92(F8). PMID- 3170235 TI - Identification by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of Hb Indianapolis [beta 112(G14)Cys----Arg] in a family from Naples, Italy. AB - We have characterized a beta 112 Arg hemoglobin in an individual from Naples, Italy, with minimal clinical problems. Blood tests revealed only slight reticulocytosis and hemoglobin instability. Furthermore, high value of alkali resistance tests for Hb F were observed. Isoelectricfocusing of globins showed the occurrence of a band migrating between the normal alpha and beta globin chains. The fairly stable variant chain was purified by fast protein liquid chromatography. A mass map of the tryptic digest was obtained by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry clearly showing that we were dealing with a beta chain variant. However, the peptide 105-120 was missing and two new ones were present, i.e.: 105-112 and 113-120; we assumed these peptides to be generated because of the substitution of 112 Cys with an arginine residue. Further confirmation stemmed from the fast atom bombardment mass spectra of the tryptic digest submitted to a single Edman degradation step and to carboxypeptidase B further hydrolysis. The beta-globin chain variant was thus mass mapped to an extent of about 98%. Such a variant, named Hb Indianapolis, was first reported by Adams et al, as an extremely unstable variant producing the phenotype of a severe beta-thalassemia. Contrary to the findings of the above authors the occurrence of the same variant in a clinically normal individual from a Spanish family has recently been reported. Because the clinical manifestations in the latter case are similar to those observed by us, the conclusion can be drawn that beta 112 Arg hemoglobin is not a biologically unstable variant but should be regarded as belonging to the class of unstable hemoglobins giving rise to only marginal clinical problems. PMID- 3170237 TI - The reduction of methemoglobin levels by antioxidants. AB - Preventing the oxidation of hemoglobin in solution is one of the major requirements for the successful production and long-term storage of hemoglobin based blood substitutes. To this end we have studied the effects of antioxidants on the rate of methemoglobin formation and disappearance in solutions of human and bovine hemoglobin at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Ascorbate and desferal (5 mM) were observed to act as prooxidants, increasing the rate of methemoglobin formation at 37 degrees C. Trehalose, mannitol, glucose, and EDTA (5 mM) had no significant effect. Glutathione and NADH (10 mM) were the most effective antioxidants tested, causing a significant decrease in the rate of methemoglobin formation at 37 degrees C for periods of up to 50 hours. The combination of these antioxidants in bovine hemoglobin at 4 degrees C resulted in the reduction of methemoglobin levels to nearly undetectable levels in approximately 150 hours. In addition, NADH and glutathione were found to reduce methemoglobin levels to 10% over a period of 100 hours in a sample of human hemoglobin that had been stored at 4 degrees C for one year and had 60% methemoglobin. These results suggest that the prevention and reversal of methemoglobin formation during the long-term storage of hemoglobin solutions and hemoglobin-based blood substitutes may now be possible. PMID- 3170236 TI - Hemoglobin Saverne: a new variant with elongated beta chains: structural and functional properties. AB - A 26-year-old French woman born in Saverne (France) was found to have Heinz body hemolytic anemia. Isoelectrofocusing showed the presence of an abnormal band amounting to 35% of the total hemoglobin concentration, suggesting a beta variant. Structural analysis of the abnormal beta chain showed an elongated C terminal segment. Histidine 143 is replaced by a proline and the C-terminal sequence is identical to the corresponding segment of Hb Cranston. This new variant, named Hb Saverne, has beta chains composed of 156 amino acid residues. Studies of its functional properties showed that Hb Saverne is an unstable, high affinity variant with low cooperativity. PMID- 3170238 TI - Effects of macromolecular polyanions on the solubility of deoxyhemoglobin S. AB - The effects of four macromolecular polyanions on the equilibrium solubility of deoxy-Hb S and oxygen affinity of Hb A were evaluated. The order of molar effectiveness as gelation inhibitors was: poly-L-aspartate approximately equal to heparin (high M.W.) greater than dextran sulfate greater than heparin (low M.W.). The linear solubility profiles for the two most potent polyanions (poly-L aspartate and high M.W. heparin) were nearly identical and reached a plateau at roughly the same sub-stoichiometric molar ratio. By contrast, poly-L-lysine, a polycation, strongly promoted gelation, while its succinylated derivative promoted gelation only marginally, as did dextran, a neutral polysaccharide. Among the seven species examined, only the four polyanions affected oxygen affinity appreciably, demonstrating the polyanions exert their solubilizing and oxygen affinity lowering effects via specific interaction with the cluster of cationic groups at the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate binding site in the central cavity of deoxyhemoglobin. PMID- 3170239 TI - The association of hemoglobin SC disease and haptoglobin phenotypes. PMID- 3170240 TI - Hb Fukuyama [beta 77(EF1)His----Tyr]: a new abnormal hemoglobin discovered in a Japanese. PMID- 3170241 TI - Hemoglobin Agenogi in Hungary. PMID- 3170242 TI - Hb D-Los Angeles in Brazil: simple heterozygotes and associations with beta thalassemia and with Hb S. PMID- 3170243 TI - Hemoglobin variants in Mozambique. PMID- 3170244 TI - Abnormal hemoglobins in Turkish Cypriots. PMID- 3170245 TI - Long-term neurological and psychological outcome of babies with low birthweight (less than or equal to 1500 g) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Padua University. AB - Mortality and long-term outcome in low birthweight infants (less than or equal to 1500 g) treated in the neonatal intensive care unit of the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Padua in 1975, 1978/79, and 1983 were analysed. Mortality rates fell from 75% in 1975 to 58% in 1978/79 and to 33% in 1983. Incidence of sequelae decreased from 1975 to 1978/79 and did not change between 1978/79 and 1983. No perinatal pathology (RDS, hyperbilirubinemia, endocranial hemorrhage) was statistically related with long-term outcome, but some associations (RDS + endocranial hemorrhage + seizures) appeared more frequently in cases which presented major neurological sequelae. PMID- 3170246 TI - Heart disease in Turner's syndrome. AB - Fifty-five consecutive patients with Turner's syndrome and different karyotypes underwent full cardiological evaluation (physical examination, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray and echocardiogram). Congenital heart disease was found in 17%. When compared with the general population, a significantly higher incidence was present only for aortic coarctation and partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (p less than 0.001). Among cardiac anomalies in Turner's syndrome patients, aortic malformations (aortic coarctation, aortic stenosis, bicuspid aorta) are the most frequent, followed by partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, the incidence of which has been much higher than that previously reported. We have observed that the most severe malformations are preferably found in 45,X, while the ring pattern is characterized by a very high incidence of bicuspid aorta. No anomaly was found in the patients with X isochromosome. PMID- 3170247 TI - CAPD with preservation of ultrafiltration capacity in infants and young children during the first 18 months of treatment. AB - Prolonged CAPD is reported to cause a gradual loss of ultrafiltration capacity. The composition of the dialysis fluid and the occurrence of recurrent peritonitis episodes are assumed to be responsible for this diminished ultrafiltration. A group of 22 infants and young children (mean age 3.8 years) is described. CAPD was performed in these children for a mean period of 17.8 months. There was no loss of ultrafiltration capacity, determined by the repeated volume method, in the first 18 months of treatment. Urea clearance remained stable. These data could be calculated in half of the patients, the other patients behaved clinically in the same way. In one patient ultrafiltration capacity decreased after 4 years of treatment. It is concluded that, in young children, CAPD is a reliable renal replacement therapy, although peritonitis remains a matter of concern. PMID- 3170248 TI - [Magnetic resonance in pediatric research and clinical practice. II. Studies on the development and pathology of the brain in neonates, infants and young children]. AB - We are investigating metabolism and morphological differentiation of the developing brain in neonates and children under non-invasive conditions combining MR imaging (MRI) with spectroscopy (MRS) on a high-field/small-bore (2.35 Tesla/40 cm) system. By the end of 1987, 116 neonates, infants and young children with various perinatal problems, congenital abnormalities and different neurological diseases have been examined with MRI. In addition, MRS studies were subsequently performed on 46 of these children using the same instrument and within the same session. The small, sometimes very sick and instable patients require careful monitoring and elaborate technical devices in the high magnetic field. We are presenting solutions for methodological and technical developments and adaptations, concepts for sedation and measurement protocols in various age groups and first results of the combined use of MRI and MRS to investigate the brain in neonates and infants. PMID- 3170249 TI - Mental retardation and Y/8 translocation [karyotype: 46,XY, t(Y;8)(q12;q24)] in father and son. AB - In the present report we describe a 98/12-year-old male with Noonan phenotype, moderate mental retardation and 46,XY, der(8), t(Y;8)(q12;q24) karyotype. Further examination of the family revealed that the boy inherited the Noonan features from his mother and the Y/8 translocation from his moderately mentally handicapped father. PMID- 3170250 TI - [The epileptic child and participation in sports]. AB - Sports are very important to young people, and the physical and psychological benefits of athletic activities are well known. A majority of epileptic children are able to participate in sports and physical education and have to be encouraged to take part in these activities. The risks involved are minimal, and only few sports and exercises have to be avoided. A well documented danger of drowning exists while swimming, and proper supervision is mandatory. PMID- 3170251 TI - A case of 45,X/46,X,dic(X)(qter----p22::p22----qter) with Turner's phenotype in a Japanese girl. PMID- 3170252 TI - Effects of stress transmission pathways on acute ulcerogenesis in rats under cold restraint stress. PMID- 3170253 TI - Thrombosis of the superior mesenteric and portal veins after splenectomy and/or distal splenorenal shunts. PMID- 3170254 TI - Vascular transformation of lymph node sinuses in a patient with liver cirrhosis. A case report. PMID- 3170255 TI - Tuberculous peritonitis in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 3170257 TI - Synthesis of new ampicillin derivatives. Part-I. PMID- 3170258 TI - Effect of bavistin, aureofungin application on Panama wilt and Sigatoka leaf spot of banana. PMID- 3170259 TI - Effect of antibiotics on synthesis of cell wall degrading enzymes by Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium moniliforme. PMID- 3170256 TI - A comparative evaluation of ELISA and latex agglutination tests for detection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine for pregnancy. PMID- 3170260 TI - Effect of streptomycin on cellulase production by Trichoderma viride. PMID- 3170261 TI - Screening of medicinal plants of Chhindwara District against Trichophyton mentagrophytes: a causal organism of Tinea pedis. PMID- 3170262 TI - Search for a new thiosemicarbazones as possible fungitoxic agents. PMID- 3170263 TI - In vitro studies on toxicity of heavy metals against Sclerotium rolfsii sacc. A foot-rot pathogen of barley. PMID- 3170264 TI - Innervation of radicular and extraparenchymal arteries of spinal cord. Histochemical and immunohistochemical study in primate. AB - The perivascular innervation of extraparenchymal arteries of spinal cord and the radicular arteries was examined using histochemical and immunohistochemical technics in monkey. The radicular and the extraparenchymal arteries of spinal cord were found to be invested with adrenergic, neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide containing nerve fibres. The pattern of arrangement of fibres differed among the various fibre types. SP- and CGRP-containing fibres were less in density as compared to other nerve plexus. There was no difference in density of an individual type of nerve fibre in arteries of different cord segments or between the radicular arteries from different levels. The study reveals the existence of a comprehensive perivascular adrenergic and peptidergic innervation of spinal cord arterial system, with a possible role in neurogenic regulation of spinal cord circulation. PMID- 3170265 TI - Anterograde neuroanatomical tracing with Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin combined with immunocytochemistry of gamma-amino butyric acid, choline acetyltransferase or serotonin. AB - In order to associate specific fiber projections in the central nervous system with specific target neurons, procedures were developed in which the anterograde neuroanatomical tracing technique utilizing Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) is combined with immunocytochemistry of three (different) neuronal markers: gamma-amino butyric acid, choline acetyltransferase, and serotonin. A double, indirect, peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining method is used on free floating brain sections. The primary antiserum against the PHA-L (first primary antiserum) is mixed with the primary antiserum against the neuronal marker (second primary antiserum). These primary antisera are raised in different animal species. Following the incubation in the cocktail of two secondary antisera. The transported PHA-L is then visualized by incubation in a peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex and subsequent reaction with nickel-enhanced diaminobenzidine/H2O2 (blue reaction product in PHA-L-labeled neurons and fibers). Incubation is continued with peroxidase-antiperoxidase antibodies raised in the animal species in which the second primary antiserum is developed, and the staining is completed by treatment with diaminobenzidine/H2O2 (brown reaction product in target neurons). The present results suggest that PHA-L-tracing can be combined with immunocytochemistry of a variety of target neuron-related antigens. PMID- 3170267 TI - Immunocytochemical and morphometrical study of thyrotropic cells of Rana ridibunda. AB - Indirect immunofluorescence and PAP techniques for light microscopy as well as the immunogold complex technique for electron microscopy were used to localize and identify thyrotropic (TSH) producing cells in the pars distalis of Rana ridibunda. A double immunostaining procedure was used to distinguish TSH cells from other glycoprotein hormone producing cells. Rabbit anti-human-beta-TSH was used as the primary antiserum and revealed a basophil, PAS and alcian blue positive cell type in the ventro-central zone of the gland. Under the electron microscope, TSH cells show irregular morphology, polymorphic secretory granules with diameters ranging between 120 and 375 nm and poor development of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex; they are usually polarized towards capillaries. Ultrastructural morphometry (point-counting method) was used to evaluate stereological parameters of rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, secretory granules and mitochondria. PMID- 3170268 TI - Oligo-riboprobes. Tools for in situ hybridisation. AB - In situ hybridisation detection of mRNAs using riboprobes has become a widely used technique. However, the identification of cells producing closely-related yet distinct mRNAs is difficult with the usual size probes. Moreover, it is not always easy to obtain the required cDNA essential for cRNA probe synthesis. To avoid these problems, we have used synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides to generate short, single stranded RNA probes ("oligo-riboprobes"). These probes can be labelled to very high (10(9) cpm/micrograms) specific activity and can be prepared for any published nucleotide sequence. We have used these probes to localise beta (preprotachykinin) PPT mRNA producing neurons in rat hypothalamus and bowel. The results were compared to that obtained with cRNA probes generated from beta preprotachykinin cDNA. PMID- 3170266 TI - Localisation of immunoreactive kininogen and tissue kallikrein in the human nephron. AB - The cellular localisation of kininogen and its relationships with tissue kallikrein containing cells was studied in the human kidney by the peroxidase antiperoxidase method using antisera to human LMW kininogen and to human tissue kallikrein. Immunoreactive kininogen was localised in the principal cells of collecting ducts. Immunoreactive tissue kallikrein was detected in the connecting tubule cells, segment of the nephron preceding the cortical collecting ducts. The co-existence of tissue kallikrein and kininogen in the same transitional tubule, but in different cells, was established by the use of serial sections and double immunostaining. This anatomical relationship is in accordance with known studies that describe intermingling of principal cells and connecting tubule cells where connecting tubules merge into cortical collecting ducts in the human nephron. The close relationship between cells that contain tissue kallikrein and its substrate, kininogen, suggests that kinins could be generated in the lumen of distal cortical segments of the human nephron. PMID- 3170270 TI - Localization of fucosyl moieties in the mouse renal cortex by lectin histochemistry using the fucose binding lectins LTA and UEA I and by autoradiography using 3H-labelled fucose. AB - The binding patterns of the two fucose binding lectins, Lotus tetragonolobus (LTA) and Ulex europeus I (UEA I) were investigated using fluorescence lectin histochemistry on the unfixed renal cortex of the mouse (NMRI) embedded in LR Gold. The fluorescence staining results were compared with the autoradiographic localization of the incorporation of radioactive fucose into the renal cortex. For this study the turnover of incorporated 3H-fucose in the renal cortex was investigated 30 min, 2 h and 8 h after application. The localization of the radioactive fucose within the renal cortex corresponded well to the labelling pattern observed for lecting histochemistry using LTA. In contrast, with UEA I, no binding sites for this lectin could be observed. The results of our investigation clearly showed that fucosyl moieties in the renal cortex of the NMRI mouse are recognized by the fucose binding lecting LTA, but not by UEA I and that postembedding fluorescence histochemistry with LTA on the LR-Gold embedded kidney is a suitable technique for the localization of fucosyl moieties at the light microscopical level. PMID- 3170271 TI - [Excluding a recurrence of cholesteatoma using high resolution computerized tomography. Can one dispense with the second-look operation?]. AB - In a prospective study 20 patients were examined by high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone (HR-CT) before an early or late second-look operation. One year earlier 8 of the patients had undergone a posterior tympanotomy ("intact canal wall" technique) for a cholesteatoma and if necessary a one-stage ossicular reconstruction. In 4 other patients a two-stage ossicular reconstruction was carried out. In the remaining 8 patients a one stage operation had been carried out several years before. After a cholesteatoma operation three typical X-ray findings can be observed in HR-CT: 1. Normal findings (no granulation tissue in the middle ear space, antrum or mastoid) 2. Granulation tissue without destruction 3. Cholesteatoma recurrence (homogeneous soft tissue mass with bony destruction) Based on previous experience we forego an early second-look 1 year later and suggest the following plan: 1. Providing the post operative follow up proves normal, a HR-CT examination is carried out 2 years, after a cholesteatoma operation. 1.1 If the HR-CT, the clinical and audiological examinations are normal a HR-CT investigation is necessary a further 2 years later. 1.2 In the case of granulation tissue a further HR-CT must be carried out 1 year later. Should the granulations become progressively worse a second-look is mandatory. 1.3 Homogeneous soft tissue mass and destruction are signs of cholesteatoma recurrence. Immediate operation is necessary. 2. If audiological or clinical findings suggest a recurrent cholesteatoma within the first 2 years after the operation, HR-CT should be carried out at once.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170272 TI - [Psychophysical data and speech comprehension after 2 years with the Clark/Nucleus prosthesis]. AB - Psychophysical data such as threshold and comfort levels indicate an extensive preservation of auditory nerve fibers. Changes of these data can point to increasing damage of nerve fibres due to long-term electrical stimulation or to obliteration of the cochlea when an intracochlear system is used. Unfavourable levels indicate negative influence on speech comprehension. The psychophysical data and the speech comprehension of 10 patients fitted with a Clark/NUCLEUS cochlear implant in the last 2 years have been analysed. During this period of time the threshold and comfort levels remained almost stable, whereas speech comprehension is still increasing, though to a lesser extent, after 2 years with the implant. These results indicate that the patients suffer neither an increasing destruction of auditory nerve fibres nor severe intracochlear changes. PMID- 3170269 TI - The heterogeneity of rat kidney lysosomes revealed by immunoelectron microscopic staining for cathepsins B and H. AB - The heterogeneity of lysosomes was studied by analyzing the immunostaining behavior of cathepsins B and H in rat kidney proximal tubule cells. Rat kidneys were fixed by perfusion and embedded in Lowicryl K4M. A protein A-gold technique was applied to serial sections and a double labeling technique to conventional sections. By analyzing the immunostaining behavior of cathepsins B and H in the same lysosomes which were cut into separate sections, four types of lysosomes were found: Type 1 positive for both proteinases; type 2 strongly positive for cathepsin B, but weakly or negative for cathepsin H; type 3 strongly positive for cathepsin H, but weakly or negative for cathepsin B; and type 4 negative for both proteinases. The double labeling by two different sizes of the protein A-gold probes showed these four types of lysosomes. The results indicate that there exists the lysosomal heterogeneity of the proteinase content in the kidney proximal tubule cells. PMID- 3170273 TI - [Changes in the compound action potential in patients with acoustic neuroma]. AB - Thirty-eight patients with proven acoustic neuroma were divided into three groups: 13 patients with normal threshold on pure tone audiogram, 15 patients with a hearing loss of 40 dB-80 dB (HL) in the low and middle frequencies, and 10 totally or almost deaf patients. Results of the first two groups are reported, using intra-tympanic electrodes with alternating clicks of 90 dB (nHL) intensity and a stimulus rate of 20/s. A total of 500 sweeps were averaged. Widening of the CAP complex by a mean of 1.6 ms, compared to 1.1 ms in normal hearing subjects, was the most striking finding. Summation potentials (ratio of SP amplitude to CAP amplitude) were enlarged to 0.6, compared to 0.2 in healthy persons and 0.9 in patients suffering from Meniere's disease. CAP amplitudes as well as CM amplitudes were reduced to almost one-third of normal values. The most noticeable result was the loss of amplitude using very short interstimulus intervals. With a stimulus rate of 97/s amplitudes of acoustic neuroma patients were reduced by 49.9% - reduction in normal and Meniere patients was 41.6% and 41.3%. Acoustic neuroma patients show pathological inner ear potentials. Increased summation potentials are often found with Meniere patients, which are said to be caused by endolymphatic hydrops. For tumours of the acoustic nerve the hydrops theory does not seem likely; the loss of amplitude due to ++adaptation++ within the first neuron seems to point to mechanical reasons due to the pressure of the tumour itself. PMID- 3170275 TI - [Unilateral transitory autophony caused by opening the eustachian tube]. PMID- 3170274 TI - [Automated assessment of cranial nerve paralyses using computerized electromyography]. AB - Until the formulae of Lindstrom et al. the automatic analysis of electromyograms had no empirical basis in the differentiation of neurapraxia and degenerative paralysis. The EMG-analysis computer program modified by Berg et al. was used for the evaluation of average power spectra derived with a Fast Fourier transformation on 37 patients with known neurapraxia and 54 with proven degeneration. In order to work out a characteristic function we calculated average power spectra separately for each type of paralysis (facial or laryngeal muscles). The resulting spectrum configurations and their absolute values (root mean-square and central frequency) were compared, and their value in automated EMG analysis was analysed. The results provide a basis for the routine use of the computer program in routine clinical diagnosis. PMID- 3170276 TI - [Therapeutic success following endolymphatic sac surgery-- postoperative course of vestibular compensation]. AB - In recent years the benefit of endolymphatic sac surgery has been controversial. Earlier investigations were restricted to the patient's postoperative symptoms, but detailed analysis of postoperative vestibular function was not reported. Nineteen patients who had undergone endolymphatic sac surgery were followed-up for 6 months on up to 16 occasions. Twelve of the 19 patients showed continuous improvement of canal function beginning no earlier than 2 weeks after the operation. No vestibular compensation was observed after simple mastoidectomy. The postoperative symptoms were not proper indicators for successful therapy. PMID- 3170277 TI - [Rehabilitation of cochlear implant patients]. AB - Pre- and post-surgical treatment of cochlear implant patients is discussed. Before surgery training of lipreading ability, auditory training with conventional hearing aids and counselling should be offered. After surgery the main focus lies on auditory training with the cochlear implant; communication training in a group and counselling should be offered too. PMID- 3170278 TI - [Predictability of the result following cochlear implantation]. AB - The results of cochlear implantation of 28 patients were compared with theoretical prognosis based on a mathematical formula, consisting of: speech competence, duration of deafness in the ear to be operated on, speech comprehension for numbers and the threshold for electrical stimulation using a promontorial electrode. Since the evaluation of this formula, 19 further cases have been operated on, confirming the usefulness of this prognostic scheme. PMID- 3170279 TI - [Perception of acoustic speech features with single channel cochlear implants and hearing aids. A comparative analysis]. AB - A newly developed battery of 12 multiple-choice tests for the German language (graded according to difficulty) comprising identification of sentences, words and syllables was applied to 8 patients with single-channel cochlear implants and to 35 deaf hearing-aid users. Phoneme confusion matrices were analysed using sequential information transmission analysis (SINFA) and multi-dimensional scaling (SINDSCAL). Acoustic parameters of the digitally stored test items were compared with the outcome of SINFA and SINDSCAL. It was found that cochlear implant and hearing-aid users relied on the same perceptual dimensions which were correlated to acoustic signal properties of the speech sounds. Best perceived acoustic features were time and amplitude structure of the speech sound (envelope). Fundamental and first formant frequency are evaluated both by implant and hearing-aid users. The use of higher frequency spectral information depends on the amount of residual hearing. PMID- 3170280 TI - [Comparison of the vitamin A blood serum level in patients with head-neck cancer and healthy persons]. AB - Serum vitamin A levels of 104 patients with head and neck cancer were analysed and compared with those of 74 normal subjects (standard values 1.1-3.7 micromol/l). Lower values of vitamin A (0.91 +/- 0.33-1.37 +/- 0.99) were found 2.4 times oftener in patients with stage III and IV disease. We were unable to determine whether the vitamin A deficiency is one of the possible causes of the cancer or the sequel of malnutrition and malignant cachexia due to reduced protein synthesis by the liver. PMID- 3170281 TI - [Oxygen partial pressure measurements in the perilymph and scala tympani in normo and hyperbaric conditions. An animal experiment study]. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of hyperbaric oxygen on the oxygen tension (pO2) in the normal inner ear. We examined 16 anaesthetised guinea pigs by means of an oxygen-sensitive micro-coaxial needle electrode, using the method described by Baumgaertl and Luebbers. In all animals the pO2 in the perilymph of the scala tympani fell by 34% of the original value during insertion of the sensor into the scala tympani. After we had flooded the hyperbaric chamber with pure oxygen under normobaric conditions the pO2 increased by 244.3% of the original values. Furthermore the pO2 increased by 9.4 times the original values during hyperbaric oxygen at 1.6 bar. PMID- 3170282 TI - [Simultaneous determinations of oxygen partial pressure in the scala tympani, electrocochleography and blood pressure measurements in noise stress in guinea pigs]. AB - In 14 guinea pigs the pO2 in the perilymph of the scala tympani fell to 50%-80% of the original value during exposure to noise consisting of 4,000 Hz clicks with a repetition rate of 20/s, 100 dB CHL = 120 dB SPL p.e., repeated twice over a period of 24 minutes each time. For the measurements of the pO2 we used the thin 0.5 micron micro-coaxial needle electrode described by Baumgartl and Luebbers, which was placed through the round-window membrane in the scala tympani to a depth of 600 micron. The simultaneously recorded CAP latency times were prolonged by 0.8 ms at a test loudness of 60 and 80 dB CHL. The amplitudes of the CM had declined by 60%-70% of the original values at a test loudness of 80 dB SPL p.e. The intra-arterial blood pressure in the common carotid artery of all animals remained constant. As the cortilymph spaces communicate with the perilymph of the scala tympani, our measured decline of pO2 in the perilymph could indicate a cortilymph hypoxia. During exposure to noise the oxygen-dependent Na+ and K+ pumps, which maintain the ion balance and function of the organ of Corti, can decompensate due to lack of oxygen. That would lead to a K+ contamination of the cortilymph and to an intracellular Na+ accumulation, which can cause microstructural damage (hair cell-cilia fusion, hair cell, synaptic and dendritic swelling, hair cell contraction and sustained depolarization), which would be reflected in the CMs and CAPs. PMID- 3170283 TI - [Imaging of capsule otosclerosis using computerized tomography]. AB - To investigate whether otosclerotic foci in the bony capsule of the cochlea and labyrinth can be demonstrated by high-resolution computed tomography, CT images from 31 patients suspected of having cochlear otosclerosis were submitted to a retrospective analysis. Fourteen of the patients had a clinically confirmed otosclerosis associated with an advanced mixed hearing loss. In four of these cases, fresh otospongiotic foci were detected in the bone of the cochlear capsule, while older otosclerotic foci were not demonstrated. In fifteen patients with progressive, purely sensorineural hearing loss, no otospongiotic foci were detected in the cochlear capsule. In contrast, such foci were observed in two deaf patients in whom otosclerosis had been suspected. PMID- 3170284 TI - [Otorhinolaryngologic manifestations of masked mono- or oligosymptomatic depressions]. AB - Symptoms of masked depression are often localised in the otorhinolaryngeal field. Headache, facial pain, dysphagia, burning sensations in the tongue, tinnitus, vertigo and voice and respiratory disorders were frequent complaints of 48 patients at our out-patient clinic between 1980 and 1985. After careful exclusion of organic disease, they proved to be due to endogenous depressive disorder. An increase in the number of such cases has been noted. One patient is described as an example of the problems of diagnosis. PMID- 3170285 TI - Genetics of two human monocyte antigens. AB - HMA-1 and HMA-2 are two serologically defined alloantigens that are present on human monocytes and granulocytes. Previous panel studies suggested that these two antigens comprise a diallelic system. We therefore performed segregation studies on 10 randomly chosen families and on 22 nucleus families belonging to one large pedigree. All individuals were either positive for HMA-1, HMA-2, or both. Segregation of HMA-1 showed autosomal inheritance with complete penetrance. The cytotoxicity negative, absorption positive (CYNAP) phenomenon sometimes occurred for HMA-2, and because absorptions for HMA-2 could not be performed on all cells, linkage studies were only performed for HMA-1. No linkage of HMA-1 with HLA, immunoglobulin allotypes, granulocyte antigens, or any of the erythrocyte blood groups tested was observed. PMID- 3170286 TI - HLA and altered sex ratios in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis sibships. AB - Analysis of sex ratio in 301 siblings of 150 patients with early-onset pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis revealed a male-to-female ratio of 1:2.00 in sibships with an HLA-B44+ proband, compared with a ratio of 1:1.05 in other sibships (G2 = 6.07, df = 1, p = 0.014). The siblings had a sex ratio of 1:0.8, when the HLA-B44 antigen was present in either parent but not transmitted to the proband. The capacity to distort the sex ratio was limited therefore to disease-associated HLA-B44 haplotypes. PMID- 3170287 TI - MHC class I expression by developmental tumors: teratocarcinoma stem cells are TCA positive. AB - We have investigated the expression of antigens recognized by several alloantisera and monoclonal antibodies to class I and class I-like MHC gene products on four developmental tumor cell lines derived from teratocarcinoma and choriocarcinoma. The analysis by cytotoxicity, immunoprecipitation, and Northern blotting analysis was also performed following treatment of the cells with gamma interferon. Three of four of the cell lines apparently do not express polymorphic determinants of HLA-A,B,C class I MHC genes. Immunoprecipitation with antibodies to HLA monomorphic determinants or beta 2m showed that some cell lines express distinct novel class I MHC-like molecules; the latter show molecular sizes different from regular HLA molecules and are associated with beta 2m. The Northern blotting showed class I mRNA present in three out of four of the developmental tumor cell lines but at at least tenfold lower levels than in lymphoid cells; it is possible that the RNAs homologous to class I DNA probes include transcripts of non-HLA-A,B,C genes. The cells were serologically typed for one such locus, TCA, which lies telomeric to HLA-A; the choriocarcinomas are negative and the teratocarcinomas are positive. The relationship between the different antigenic molecules and their possible functional significance is discussed in terms of maternofetal interactions, cancer, and transplantation. PMID- 3170289 TI - Abstracts from the fourteenth annual meeting of ASHI. American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. PMID- 3170288 TI - Conversion of a melanoma cell line from an HLA class II positive to negative phenotype after treatment with anti-mycoplasma drugs. AB - An HLA class II-positive melanoma cell line, DU-Mel 17, expressing both DR and DQ was shown to be contaminated with Mycoplasma hyorhinis. After treatment of the cell line with anti-mycoplasma drugs (a tetracycline derivative and a pleuromutilin), both DR and DQ expression on the cell surface, as well as DR alpha mRNA, were greatly decreased and the cells were rendered mycoplasma-free. Interestingly, drug-treated cells became resistant to geneticin, an unrelated drug. To test whether drug treatment or elimination of mycoplasma caused the abolition of class II expression, contaminated DU-Mel 17 cells were inoculated into peritoneal cavities of nude mice and later removed upon growth of a solid tumor. The cells were shown to be mycoplasma-free, and they expressed DR alpha mRNA, as well as DR and DQ proteins on their surfaces. Although it appears that the drugs were responsible for abating class II molecule expression in DU-Mel 17 cells, the identical drug-treatment regimen on a class II-positive, mycoplasma free B cell line did not alter DR alpha mRNA or class II protein levels. Based on restriction fragment lengths, the DR alpha gene appeared to be grossly intact after drug treatment, and alterations in methylation patterns were not observed. These studies indicate that anti-mycoplasma treatment of DU-Mel 17 cells resulted in selection of a class II-negative, drug-resistant clone(s). Such treatment may result in a phenotype that is divergent from the parental cell line in one or more characteristics. PMID- 3170290 TI - Updated guidelines for vaccinations in HIV-infected children. PMID- 3170291 TI - Mission accomplished? PMID- 3170292 TI - A call for equality in osteopathic medicine abroad. PMID- 3170293 TI - Aqueous heparin therapy: intermittent v continuous administration. PMID- 3170294 TI - New Jersey's approach to AIDS. PMID- 3170295 TI - The progression of osteopathic medicine internationally: a survey of America trained DOs practicing abroad. PMID- 3170296 TI - Use of the vacuum extractor in the community hospital. PMID- 3170297 TI - Traumatic arteriovenous fistula. PMID- 3170298 TI - Delayed hydromediastinum after multilumen central venous catheterization. PMID- 3170299 TI - Involuntary urine loss: dispelling the myths. PMID- 3170300 TI - [Midwives' many-facetted art]. PMID- 3170301 TI - [Working with research and development (R&D)]. PMID- 3170302 TI - Hepatitis B virus markers and persistent antigenemia in adolescents. AB - Adolescents attending a municipal outpatient adolescent clinic in New York City were evaluated for the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers and persistent antigenemia. Among 313 teenagers tested in 1 year, 11.8% were HBV marker positive, and 4.8% had persistent antigenemia. Hispanic teens had a marker rate of 6.4% and an antigenemia rate of 1.4%. Dominican Republic teens had a significantly higher marker rate than Puerto Rican teens. Among Hispanics, sexual activity status and foreign- vs. U.S.-born status were not significantly related to the presence of HBV markers. Asian teenagers had a 50% marker rate and a 27.2% rate for persistent antigenemia. Marker and antigenemia rates were highest in the most recent immigrants. Unexplained persistent hematuria occurred more frequently in patients with HBV markers than in patients without markers. We recommend routine hepatitis B surface antigen screening in Hispanic and Asian adolescents. The greatest at-risk groups are Asians, especially recent immigrants, immigrants from the Dominican Republic, and probably patients with unexplained persistent hematuria. PMID- 3170303 TI - Eating pattern disturbances among women medical and graduate students. AB - In this study, the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) was used to determine the incidence of disturbed eating patterns and other characteristics of anorexia nervosa and bulimia among women graduate and medical students. The EDI was given to 219 female graduate students and 132 female medical students by mail questionnaire (61% return rate). Excessive dieting concerns, as measured by the Drive for Thinness subscale, were significantly more common in medical students compared to graduate students (18.7% versus 12.9%; p less than 0.05). The incidence of bulimic eating patterns was also insignificantly higher in the medical students. The prevalence of bulimia estimated from this survey is similar to that reported in undergraduate women, but the estimated prevalence of anorexia nervosa in both medical and graduate students is lower than reported for younger students. Our data suggest that a competitive environment alone does not appear to lead to greater expression of anorexia nervosa and bulimia. PMID- 3170304 TI - A method for the assessment of body image disturbance in patients with eating disorders. AB - This paper describes a new method for assessing body image disturbances in eating disordered patients. Fifteen bulimic, 25 anorexic, and 24 normal controls served as subjects. All subjects were matched for age and height, and bulimics and controls were matched for weight as well. All subjects completed the Perceived Body Image Scale (PBIS), which required subjects to report on how they see themselves when they look in the mirror, how they think they look, and how they feel themselves to be, reflecting the perceptual, cognitive, and affective aspects of body image, respectively. Subjects also selected their ideal. An objective rating was made. Objective ratings had a high correlation with the subject's weight. Results showed that both eating disorder groups demonstrated more apparent body image disturbance than controls, and that the bulimics showed significantly greater body image dissatisfaction than anorexics or controls. The potential use of the PBIS as a research and clinical instrument is discussed. PMID- 3170305 TI - Violence counseling in the routine health care of adolescents. AB - Intentional violence is a leading cause of mortality among teenagers and young adults. Whereas violence-related mortality is fairly well recognized among medical practitioners, the literature contains little information regarding violence-related morbidity or medically oriented approaches to preventing violence. Violence-related morbidity data for adolescents from one community revealed that 50% of the male respondents experienced at least one pushing or shoving fight per year, and that by age 16 25% had already been threatened by a weapon. These findings provided the impetus to incorporate regular violence counseling into the routine health care maintenance of adolescents at one health center. Our approach to violence-prevention counseling, obtaining a history of violence, and devising a treatment plan is described and advocated. PMID- 3170306 TI - Weight control methods in high school wrestlers. AB - Severe weight control methods used by high school wrestlers have caused concern about these students' growth and athletic performance. There are minimal prevalence data on a few methods of weight control used by wrestlers and no information on the relationship to body fat measurements. Weight control methods and the percent body fat of wrestlers (n = 49) were compared to competitive squash players (n = 20) and noncompetitive jogging and fitness students (n = 38) at an independent secondary school. Wrestlers used dieting (p = 0.0002), binging (p = 0.026, vomiting (p = 0.046), sweating (p = 0.0001), and fluid restriction to less than 2 cups/day (p = 0.0014) significantly more often than controls (squash players and jogging/fitness students). There was no difference between the wrestlers' and controls' use of fasting (p = 0.5) or exercising (p = 0.1). Neither group reported using a diuretic or laxative during the sports seasons. Although the wrestlers' percent body fat was lower than controls (mean for wrestlers = 10.3 +/- 3.5%, mean for controls = 12.4 +/- 3.7%, p = 0.01), wrestlers perceived their mean ideal weight to be less than their present weight (wrestlers = -1.56 +/- 6.20 lb, controls = +1.92 +/- 9.49 lb, p = 0.03). The methods of weight control practiced could potentially impair an adolescent's growth and development as well as increase the risk of dehydration or electrolyte imbalance during competition. PMID- 3170307 TI - Level of knowledge among adolescent girls regarding effective treatment for dysmenorrhea. AB - Are adolescent women aware of the relatively specific pharmacologic intervention now available for dysmenorrhea? A multiple-choice questionnaire was administered to 182 adolescent women, ages 14-18 years, to assess the prevalence of dysmenorrhea, the morbidity associated with dysmenorrhea, and the level of knowledge regarding available treatment. Of the study group, 72.7% reported "pain or discomfort" during their period, 58.9% reported decreased activity, and 45.6% reported school or work absenteeism. Of the dysmenorrheic sample, only 15.5% had used a prescription medication and only 14.7% could name any nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent, except aspirin, as potentially effective in relieving dysmenorrhea. These data suggest that there is substantial ignorance or misinformation among adolescent females regarding effective treatment for dysmenorrhea. The prevalence of school and work absenteeism provides evidence for the continuing importance of dysmenorrhea as a public health problem of this age group. Discussion of effective therapeutic options for dysmenorrhea should be part of routine health care visits for adolescent women. PMID- 3170308 TI - Relapsing fever (Borrelia) in an adolescent tourist in Israel. AB - A case of an adolescent tourist who contracted relapsing fever (Borrelia) in Israel is presented. Travel in an infested area, a fever of irregular nature, and a strong history of tick bites are clues to diagnosis. PMID- 3170309 TI - Toxic pneumonitis in an adolescent following exposure to Snow Storm tablets. AB - Adolescence is often a time when experimentation with alcohol, cigarette smoking, and substance abuse occur. We report a rare complication of smoking, toxic pneumonitis, in an adolescent female who combined an over-the-counter novelty item, Snow Storm tablets, with cigarettes. PMID- 3170310 TI - Hashimoto's thyroiditis simulating De Quervain's thyroiditis. AB - A 13-year-old adolescent girl with Hashimoto's thyroiditis presented with a painful, diffuse goiter. The clinical features simulated those of subacute, or De Quervain's, thyroiditis. The markedly elevated titers of thyroid antibodies together with clinical and biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism resulted in a diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with a subacute exacerbation. PMID- 3170311 TI - Psychosocial growth retardation in adolescence. A reversible condition secondary to severe stress. AB - Two cases of psychosocial growth retardation in adolescents are presented, along with a brief review of the literature. Both cases were females, aged 12-13 years, who showed marked deceleration of growth and development when placed in an emotionally stressful situation. A normal pattern of growth and development ensued when the stressful situation was at least partially alleviated. To facilitate proper management, it is important to recognize those adolescents with psychosocial growth retardation. The increased availability of human growth hormone (hGH) may place more pressure on physicians to use exogenous hGH in adolescents who exhibit growth retardation. It appears that the administration of exogenous hGH is not indicated in the treatment of children with psychosocial growth retardation. PMID- 3170312 TI - Practice patterns of teaching testicular self-examination to adolescent patients. AB - Testicular self-examination has been proposed as a screening technique for the early detection of testicular neoplasms. Previous work suggests that few adolescent males have received instruction in the technique. We report the results of a physician survey to assess the frequency with which self-examination is taught and to identify the reasons why some physicians do not teach testicular self-examination. Only 17.5% of the physicians surveyed taught testicular self examination to adolescent male patients on a routine basis. Eighty-two percent stated that they were unfamiliar with the technique or had not thought about it. PMID- 3170313 TI - W(h)ither adolescent medicine? A mid-life crisis. PMID- 3170315 TI - Caught in the no-man's-land between animal protection and animal exploitation. PMID- 3170314 TI - Compliance with recommended drug withdrawal requirements for dairy cows sent to market in Michigan. AB - By examination of computerized individual cow records from January 1981 through June 1985, compliance with premarketing drug withdrawal times was investigated in 23 dairy herds. During this period, 877 cows were culled from 23 herds; 33 cows from 12 herds were in violation of premarketing drug withdrawal times. Six herds had 1 violation, 2 herds had 2 violations, 2 herds had 3 and 4 violations, and 2 herds had 7 and 9 violations. Fifty drugs had been used; 15 drugs were used in violation of drug withdrawal times before cows were sent to market. The most commonly used drugs in violation were oxytetracycline, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and a combination of lincomycin/spectinomycin. Significant differences between cows in violation and cows not in violation were not observed for age, lactation number, milk production, herd size, or month of culling. However, the 12 herds in violation of premarket drug withdrawal times had significantly (P less than 0.05) more cows culled within 30 days for retained placenta and milk fever, and more cows culled within 30 and 100 days for mastitis, metritis, and displaced abomasum. Although not significant, the 2 herds with 7 and 9 violations had more hired vs family labor than did the other herds with violations. PMID- 3170316 TI - US Public Health Service training and career development opportunities for veterinarians. PMID- 3170317 TI - Tularemia. PMID- 3170318 TI - Development and use of an economic worksheet to assess dairy reproductive health programs. PMID- 3170320 TI - Adrenal function in 15 dogs with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Pituitary-adrenal function was assessed by a combined dexamethasone suppression ACTH stimulation test in 15 diabetic and 9 healthy dogs. In both groups, plasma cortisol concentrations decreased (P less than 0.001) after dexamethasone administration and increased (P less than 0.001) after ACTH administration. Differences between groups (P greater than 0.05) and group-by-time interactions were not significant (P greater than 0.05). Seemingly, adrenal function was not altered in well-regulated diabetic dogs. PMID- 3170319 TI - Evaluation of tiamulin for treatment of mycoplasmal pneumonia in swine. AB - During 3 trials, using affected pigs of various ages, tiamulin was evaluated for treatment of experimentally induced mycoplasmal pneumonia. Pneumonia was induced in respiratory tract disease-free swine by intratracheal inoculation of a lung homogenate containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Eleven days after inoculation, when more than 20% of pigs were coughing, pigs were allotted to 3 or 4 groups (n = 8 pigs each) and were given regimens of no medication or 60 mg, 120 mg, or 180 mg of tiamulin/L of drinking water for 10 days. Twenty-one days after cessation of medication, pigs were euthanatized and then were necropsied. Results obtained from the 3 trials did not indicate significant difference among treatment groups in severity of macroscopic or microscopic lesions induced by M hyopneumoniae or in detection of M hyopneumoniae by use of immunofluorescent technique. Clinical evaluations, daily gain, and feed efficiency did not differ significantly among treatment groups. In this study, tiamulin administration did not have beneficial effects in swine with mycoplasmal pneumonia. PMID- 3170321 TI - Renal dysfunction in dogs with pyometra. AB - Renal function and pathologic changes in 27 dogs with pyometra were studied. Evaluation included CBC; serum biochemical evaluation; urinalysis; urine and uterine bacteriologic culture; uterine morphologic features; and light, electron, and immunofluorescent microscopic evaluation of renal tissues. Measurements of 24 hour creatinine clearance, protein excretion, Na excretion, and urine volume were made in 12 dogs without azotemia. Of 27 dogs, 26% were azotemic and 89% had a urine sp gr less than 1.035. Glomerular filtration rate was reduced in 75% of 12 dogs without azotemia. None of these 12 dogs was proteinuric. Examination of renal biopsy specimens revealed a high prevalence of mild tubulointerstitial nephritis, but few specific glomerular lesions. Minimal immunofluorescence was detected within the mesangium in 18% of the dogs. Immunofluorescence was not associated with the interstitium or tubules. Urinary tract infection was detected in 22% of the dogs. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella were recovered from the uterus in 59 and 15% of the dogs, respectively. Low urine specific gravity values were obtained from dogs without azotemia and from dogs with uterine cultures considered negative for E coli and other gram-negative bacteria. The reduction in glomerular filtration rate was a functional abnormality not correlated with structural damage in the glomerulus. PMID- 3170322 TI - Changes in the susceptibility of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to antimicrobial agents in Quebec (1981-1986). AB - An important reduction in the in vitro efficacy of spectinomycin and chloramphenicol was recorded between 1981 and 1986 against the causal agent of porcine pleuropneumonia Actinobacillus. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out by use of Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique on a total of 723 isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Results did not agree with those of other reports in which a constant susceptibility to any of the antimicrobial agents tested was reported with serotype 2 isolates. The ability to acquire drug resistance may differ from one serotype to another. PMID- 3170323 TI - Esophageal duplication cyst as a cause of choke in the horse. AB - A mare was examined for episodic choking and an abscess in the perilaryngeal region. One month before referral, the mass progressively enlarged, causing esophageal choking. An extraluminal compression of the esophagus 90 cm from the external nares was found on endoscopy and contrast radiography. Serosanguinous fluid aspirated from the mass contained keratinized squamous cells and neutrophils, compatible with an esophageal cyst. Surgical exploration was performed, with incomplete surgical excision. The remaining portion of the cyst was marsupialized and treated locally with a 2% inorganic iodine solution. Further episodes of esophageal choke in this horse have not been reported. PMID- 3170324 TI - Preputial injuries in beef bulls: 172 cases (1980-1985). AB - One hundred seventy-two bulls with preputial injuries were treated from 1980 through 1985. Most of the injuries developed during the breeding season (April through August), with a peak during June. The number (111) of bulls represented by 3 beef breeds (Brangus, Brahman, Beefmaster) was greater than the number (61) of the other 9 breeds included in the survey. Preputial prolapse (PP) and posthitis without obvious laceration was diagnosed in 82 of 172 bulls. Preputial laceration, abscessation, stricture with phimosis, and PP with penile hematoma were diagnosed in 46, 22, 15, and 9 bulls, respectively. These abnormalities were treated medically and/or surgically. Questionnaires (n = 145) were mailed, and 83 (57.4%) replies were received. Owners (80/83) of affected bulls responded to questions regarding the future use of their bulls for breeding. Of the bulls with PP and posthitis (n = 34), laceration (n = 17), abscessation (n = 15), stricture with phimosis (n = 8) and PP with penile hematoma (n = 6) and treated medically and/or surgically, 30, 11, 7, 7, and 4 bulls, respectively, (74% overall) were returned to breeding use successfully. PMID- 3170325 TI - Spontaneous systemic hypertension in dogs: five cases (1981-1983). AB - Spontaneous (not experimentally induced) systemic hypertension was detected in 5 male dogs that were examined because of apparent blindness caused by intraocular hemorrhage and/or retinal detachment. Secondary causes of hypertension, including renal, adrenal, and thyroid disease, were investigated. Four of the dogs had glomerulonephropathy, renal insufficiency, and proteinuria. Four dogs had compensatory cardiac hypertrophy. Hypertension in 4 of 5 dogs was associated with glomerulosclerosis with chronic renal insufficiency, bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia, adrenocortical adenoma with renal amyloidosis, and immune-mediated glomerulonephritis with chronic renal insufficiency, respectively. The fifth dog was determined to have essential hypertension. The dogs were treated for their primary diseases. Sodium restriction alone was inadequate to reduce blood pressure; 4 of the dogs also required antihypertensive medications. PMID- 3170326 TI - What is good communication? PMID- 3170328 TI - Malpractice actions--what recovery? PMID- 3170327 TI - Veterinarians and animal rights: a relationship of ambivalence. PMID- 3170329 TI - Hospice care expense benefit. PMID- 3170330 TI - Sources of Prototheca spp in a dairy herd environment. AB - A source of Prototheca spp causing mastitis in a herd of 263 milking cows in North Carolina was investigated. Of 38 samples from the dairy environment, 18 (47%) contained Prototheca spp. Isolation sites included cattle drinking water; a feed trough; mud, dirt, and excreted feces from a dirt lounging area; water, sludge, mud, and vegetation from a creek in the lounging area; and the floor of a freestall barn. Samples were collected from 5 additional dairies, including one dairy with and 4 dairies without a history of protothecal mastitis. Prototheca spp were isolated from 48 (25%) of 190 samples from various sites on all 6 dairies. Isolates were P zopfii (45; 94%) and P wickerhamii (3; 6%). Isolation frequency ranged from 4 to 47% of samples/dairy. There was no apparent difference in the isolation frequency of Prototheca spp from samples from dairies with or without a history of protothecal mastitis. Sites characterized by wetness and the presence of organic matter most commonly yielded Prototheca spp. Because Prototheca spp appear to be common in the dairy environment, factors in addition to presence in the environment may be important in development of protothecal mastitis. PMID- 3170331 TI - Solitary osteochondroma of the radius in three horses. AB - Osteochondroma of the distal portion of the radius was diagnosed in 3 horses with a history of lameness and distention of the common tendon sheath of the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons at the level of the carpal canal. In 2 horses, the exostosis was removed through an incision at the caudal border of the lateral digital extensor muscle above the carpal ligament. PMID- 3170332 TI - Projectile dart foreign body in a horse. AB - A 3-year-old Welsh pony mare was referred for evaluation of right hind limb lameness. The lameness developed 4 months after the pony had been captured by use of a projectile dart syringe to administer a tranquilizer. The lameness was attributable to a projectile dart foreign body. The dart was removed after induction of local anesthesia, and the lameness improved. The use of projected syringes has inherent risk, and clients should be advised before they are used. PMID- 3170333 TI - Eosinophilic granuloma of the nasal skin in a dog. AB - A recurrent mass removed surgically from the dorsocaudal aspect of the planum nasale in a 12-year-old dog was identified histologically as eosinophilic granuloma. The dog was treated orally with prednisone for 15 days, and the granuloma has not recurred. PMID- 3170334 TI - Urethrorectal fistulectomy in a dog, using a perineal approach. AB - Using urethrography, urethrorectal fistula was diagnosed in a 3-year-old male Labrador Retriever with a 2 1/2-year history of recurrent urinary tract infection characterized by intermittent hematuria and pollakiuria. Fistulectomy was performed, and the dog recovered without complication. PMID- 3170335 TI - Blastomycosis in cats: five cases (1979-1986). AB - Medical records of 5 cats with blastomycosis examined at the University of Tennessee Veterinary Teaching Hospital from 1979 to 1986 were reviewed. Clinical signs of blastomycosis varies depending on the organ(s) affected, but respiratory tract disease was most common, followed by CNS signs and ocular problems. A definitive diagnosis was made by identification of characteristic fungal organisms in biopsy or necropsy specimens. Two cats treated with amphotericin B did not respond to treatment and died or were euthanatized. The lungs, brain, eyes, and lymph nodes commonly were affected, but one cat had only cutaneous and regional lymph node involvement. The respiratory tract appeared to be a common primary site of infection, with dissemination to other organ systems. The typical host response was a pyogranulomatous cellular infiltrate with numerous fungal organisms evident. PMID- 3170337 TI - The androgyne: some inconclusive reflections on sexual perversions. PMID- 3170336 TI - Cruciate and collateral ligament failure in the equine stifle: seven cases (1975 1985). AB - Medical records of 7 adult horses with single or multiple ligament failure of the femorotibial ligaments were reviewed to evaluate signalment, history, diagnostic and treatment methods, outcome, and long-term follow-up information. Acute onset of lameness was recorded for most of the horses. Horses with multiple ligament injury had more severe clinical signs than did horses with single ligament injury. Horses with single ligament injury generally required manipulative tests to localize the lameness to the stifle. In all horses, radiography of the stifle assisted in the diagnosis. Horses either were euthanatized (n = 3) or were treated by stall rest (n = 4) after diagnosis. Of the 4 surviving horses, 2 became successful breeding animals, 1 was awaiting breeding, and 1 was used unsuccessfully as a breeding animal. Necropsy findings in 2 of the 3 horses euthanatized after diagnosis revealed early articular damage in 1 horse 1 day after injury, and degenerative joint disease in the other horse 1 year after injury. PMID- 3170338 TI - The perversions: a philosopher reflects. PMID- 3170339 TI - Archetypal factors revealed in the study of marital breakdown: a Jungian perspective. PMID- 3170340 TI - The structures of new antifungal antibiotics, benanomicins A and B. AB - Structures of new antifungal antibiotics, benanomicins A and B were determined to be N-[[5-[6-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-beta-D-galactopyranosyloxy+ ++ ]-5, 6-dihydro-1,6,9,14-tetrahydroxy-11-methoxy-3-methyl-8,13-dioxobenzo++ + [a]naphthacen-2-yl]carbonyl]-D-alanine and N-[[5-[4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-3-O-(beta-D xylopyranosyl)-beta-D- galactopyranosyloxy]-5,6-dihydro-1,6,9,14-tetrahydroxy-11 methoxy- 3-methyl-8,13-dioxobenzo[a]naphthacen-2-yl]carbonyl]-D-al ani ne, respectively, by spectral analyses and chemical degradation studies. PMID- 3170341 TI - Studies on the biosynthesis of bialaphos (SF-1293). 8. Purification and characterization of 2-phosphinomethylmalic acid synthase from Streptomyces hygroscopicus SF-1293. AB - 2-Phosphinomethylmalic acid (PMM) synthase catalyzes the condensation of phosphinopyruvic acid (PPA), an analog of oxalacetic acid, and acetyl-CoA to form PMM. The enzyme was purified approximately 700-fold from a cell-free extract of Streptomyces hygroscopicus SF-1293, a bialaphos producing organism, to an electrophoretically homogeneous state. The purified PMM synthase has a subunit molecular weight of 48,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a native molecular weight of 90,000 approximately 98,000 by gel filtration. PMM synthase was relatively unstable, showed maximum activity at pH 8.0 and 30 degrees C, and was inhibited strongly by p-chloromercuribenzoate, iodoacetamide and EDTA. Enzyme activity suppressed by EDTA was completely restored by adding Co++ or Mn++ and partially restored by addition of Ca++, Fe++ or Mg++. The specific substrates of this enzyme are PPA or oxalacetic acid in addition to acetyl-CoA. The enzyme does not catalyze the liberation of CoA from acetyl-CoA in the presence of alpha-keto acids, such as pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate, deamino-alpha ketodemethylphosphinothricin or phosphonopyruvate. The condensation reaction did not take place when propionyl-CoA or butyryl-CoA was used as a substrate in place of acetyl-CoA. The Km values of the enzyme were 0.05 mM for acetyl-CoA, 0.39 mM for PPA and 0.13 mM for oxalacetate. PMM synthase is very similar to (R)-citrate synthase of Clostridium in the inhibition pattern by sulfhydryl compounds, its metal ion requirement and stereospecificity; unlike (R)-citrate synthase PMM synthase was not inhibited by oxygen. PMID- 3170342 TI - Metabolic products of microorganisms. 249. Tetracenomycins B3 and D3, key intermediates of the elloramycin and tetracenomycin C biosynthesis. AB - Tetracenomycins B3 and D3, besides tetracenomycin D (D1), were produced by a blocked mutant of the elloramycin producer Streptomyces olivaceus TU 2353. The compounds were isolated as red powders, and their structures were elucidated by comparing their physicochemical data with those of the known tetracenomycins A2, B1, B2, D and E. Tetracenomycin B3 (2), the main compound, and tetracenomycin D (3) were antibiotically inactive against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, whereas tetracenomycin D3 (1) showed a moderate activity against Bacillus subtilis and Arthrobacter aurescens. Tetracenomycin B3 (2) is the key intermediate where the biosynthesis of the elloramycins branches off from the line leading to tetracenomycin C (5) as the final product of the tetracenomycin biosynthesis branch. PMID- 3170343 TI - Enzymatic synthesis of penicillins. AB - Different penicillins (phenylacetyl, 2-hydroxyphenylacetyl, 4 hydroxyphenylacetyl, phenoxyacetyl and 2-thiopheneacetylpenicillin) have been synthesized "in vitro" by direct N-acylation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) with the acyl group of several acyl-CoA derivatives. The enzyme that catalyzes these reactions, acyl-CoA: 6-APA acyltransferase of Penicillium chrysogenum, was purified to homogeneity (374-fold) and its amino acid composition is given. This protein accepts as substrates several aliphatic acids and different aromatic acids with the only requirement that an acetyl-CoA moiety must be present in the substrate molecule. Shortening or lengthening of the acyl moiety prevents the 6 APA-N-acylation reaction. The presence of an amino group in the alpha-position of the acetyl group does not allow this molecule to be used as substrate. However, different substitutions in the phenyl group (hydroxylation of the carbons 2 and 4) or its replacement by another aromatic ring (thiophene) were accepted with varying reactions rates in the acylation reaction when a 176-fold purified acyltransferase was employed. The homogeneity pure enzyme accepts as substrate thiophene acetyl-CoA but it did not 2-hydroxyphenyl and 4-hydroxyphenylacetyl CoA. The presence of an oxygen atom between the aromatic and the acetyl moieties did not affect the catalysis. PMID- 3170344 TI - Deacylation of A21978C, an acidic lipopeptide antibiotic complex, by Actinoplanes utahensis. AB - A21978C, produced by Streptomyces roseosporus NRRL 11379, is an acidic lipopeptide antibiotic complex that inhibits Gram-positive bacteria. Individual factors of the complex possess an identical peptide core or "nucleus", and are differentiated by the distinctive fatty acid acyl group attached to the N terminus of the nucleus. Certain members of the family Actinoplanaceae deacylated A21978C to yield the unaltered nucleus, which was then reacylated to form new analogs. Actinoplanes utahensis NRRL 12052 was the most efficient of these cultures, producing up to 500 micrograms of nucleus per ml of culture broth per hour. Eacylation was also accomplished with semi-pure and tert-butoxycarbonyl (tert-BOC)-A21978C. In the latter, the ornithine amino group was blocked to prevent formation of diacyl analogs during reacylation. The acylase was an endoenzyme present in submerged cultures of A. utahensis from less than 18 to greater than 168 hours of incubation. Whole cells suspended in phosphate buffer or entrapped in polyacrylamide gel also deacylated A21978C efficiently. PMID- 3170345 TI - Physiological analysis of bicozamycin high-producing Streptomyces griseoflavus used at industrial level. AB - Streptomyces griseoflavus, a bicozamycin-producing wild type strain and its high producing one derived from it by multiple (greater than 15) mutagenic treatments, were analyzed physiologically and biochemically. The high-producing strain was characterized by: (1) An increased pool size of amino acids including leucine and isoleucine, precursors for bicozamycin synthesis, (2) an earlier and greater accumulation of intracellular ppGpp, (3) a more accentuated decrease in GTP pool size, (4) a higher specific activity of ornithine transcarbamylase which produces citrulline, (5) an increased ability to form aerial mycelium, and (6) an increased resistance to its own antibiotic. We propose that (1), (2) and (4) may be responsible for the high yields of bicozamycin and, possibly, of some other antibiotics produced by Streptomyces sp. PMID- 3170346 TI - L-656,575 (OCP-9-176): a novel oxacephem. In vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic clinical bacterial isolates. AB - L-656,575 (OCP-9-176) is a novel oxacephem superior to ceftazidime in in vitro activity against clinical isolates of Enterobacter species, methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and multiply resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our results suggest that L-656,575 has a high affinity for penicillin binding proteins of Pseudomonas and may bind preferentially to PBP-3 in this organism. L-656,575 is active against beta lactamase derepressed Enterobacteriaceae and ceftazidime-resistant P. aeruginosa. PMID- 3170348 TI - Growth inhibition of yeast by compactin (ML-236B) analogues. PMID- 3170347 TI - Rodaplutin, a new peptidylnucleoside from Nocardioides albus. PMID- 3170349 TI - DC92-B, a new antitumor antibiotic from Actinomadura. PMID- 3170351 TI - Particular utility of the HMBC technique to polypropionate derived metabolites as exemplified by erythromycin A. PMID- 3170350 TI - Synthesis of a novel 2 beta-methyl-1-oxacephalosporin, OCP-9-176. PMID- 3170352 TI - FR65814, a novel immunosuppressant isolated from a Penicillium strain. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological characteristics and structure assignment. AB - FR65814, a novel immunosuppressant, was isolated from the cultured broth of Penicillium jensenii F-2883. The structure was assigned to be 5,6-dihydroxy-4 (1,2-epoxy-1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-1-oxaspiro++ +[2,5]octane by spectroscopic analyses. The compound suppressed the immune response at low concentration. In addition, a structually related component fumagillol, a known carcinolytic agent, was also isolated and found to show immunosuppressive activity. PMID- 3170353 TI - Directionality of sound pressure transformation at the pinna of echolocating bats. AB - The directionality of sound pressure transformation at the pinna of three species of bats was studied by measuring the sound pressure level of a tone (25 45 65 and 85 kHz) at the tympanic membrane as a function of azimuth and elevation of the sound source under free-field conditions. The tympanic sound pressure level varied with location of the sound source. The directionality of sound pressure transformation pattern of the pinna of each bat was studied by plotting isopressure contours. The area within each isopressure contour decreased with increasing tonal frequency. For each tonal frequency, the point of maximal sound pressure was always located in the frontal ipsilateral sound field. This point shifted medially with increasing tonal frequency along the horizontal plane in all species tested, but it shifted in a species-specific manner along the vertical plane. Removal or distortion of the pinna and tragus resulted in either uncircumscribed or irregular isopressure contours for all tonal frequencies tested. Acoustic pressure gain of the external ear reached 16-23 dB for frequencies at 15-18 kHz. The importance of the external ear to the directionality of the bat's echolocation system is discussed. PMID- 3170354 TI - Shortening and elongation of isolated outer hair cells in response to application of potassium gluconate, acetylcholine and cationized ferritin. AB - Individual outer hair cells isolated from guinea pig cochleae were observed in vitro during the application of solutions that are known to cause hair cells to shorten. Solutions containing high potassium, which depolarizes cells, were applied in the form of potassium gluconate. The initial response was a shortening, followed by an elongation, after which the hair cells nearly resumed their original length. Solutions containing the presumed efferent neurotransmitter acetylcholine also caused an initial shortening, occasionally followed by an elongation, where a cell either returned to normal or exceeded its original length. Solutions containing cationized ferritin caused some cells to shorten and caused others to lengthen. The results indicate that the hair cell response to a chemical stimulus can be bidirectional. Moreover, the initial response of an individual cell may depend not only on the stimulus but also on the physiological state of the hair cell or the original location of the hair cell along the length of the sensory epithelium when it was in the cochlea. PMID- 3170355 TI - Sensitivity of auditory cortical neurons of kittens to monaural and binaural high frequency sound. AB - The experiments reported here describe the abilities of young auditory cortical neurons to encode information about tone bursts having frequencies above 2.5 kHz. The studies were carried out in anesthetized kittens ranging from 8 to 44 days of age. At all ages studied, stimulation of the contralateral ear was most effective in evoking spikes. Typically the response was confined to stimulus onset. Thresholds were comparatively high and response latencies were comparatively long in the youngest kittens studied. The time course of threshold development was very similar to that of the auditory nerve and cochlear nuclei indicating that most, if not all, age related thresholds and threshold changes at the cortical level are accounted for by mechanisms operating at the level of the cochlea and auditory nerve. Response latency shortened progressively over the first month of postnatal life and while the absolute change in response latency differed considerably from that of cells in the cochlear nuclei the proportional changes were very similar. These data indicate that the comparatively long response latency and latency changes recorded at the cortex are imposed by underdeveloped central auditory processes. Response areas of kitten cortical neurons resembled those of the adult. At all ages studied, binaural interactions were robust and similar in kind to those recorded in adult cats. We conclude that cortical neurons of kittens preserve the results of interactions occurring at lower brainstem levels and that the development of the circuits of which these neurons are a part develop as a functional unit. PMID- 3170356 TI - Intracellular labeling of afferents to the lateral superior olive in the bat, Eptesicus fuscus. AB - An in vitro tissue slice preparation of the bat brain stem was used to label intracellularly individual axons projecting to the lateral superior olive from two different sources: the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) and the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN). The tracing of individually labeled MNTB axons into the lateral superior olive reaffirms the long accepted indirect route by which information from the contralateral ear reaches the lateral superior olive. While the MNTB appears to relay input from the contralateral AVCN, information from the ipsilateral ear reaches the lateral superior olive via a direct projection from the ipsilateral AVCN. Axons from the contralateral and ipsilateral pathways have different distribution patterns upon the fusiform cells of the lateral superior olive. Axon terminals of MNTB principal cells have a perisomatic and proximal dendritic distribution pattern. Axon terminal varicosities from the ipsilateral anteroventral cochlear nucleus are distributed primarily to more distal dendrites. PMID- 3170358 TI - Detection of changes in spectral shape: uniform vs. non-uniform background spectra. AB - In most of the previous studies [(1987) Profile Analysis: Auditory Intensity Discrimination, Oxford Univ. Press] concerning the detection of a change in spectral shape, or 'profile analysis', the listener's task was to detect an increment to a single component of an otherwise equal-amplitude, multi-component background. We wished to determine whether listeners would exhibit sensitivity to changes in spectral shape if the spectrum of the background were not flat. The results of two experiments, like those of Green and Kidd [(1983) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73, 1260-1265], indicate that the spectrum of the background can deviate rather substantially from 'flat' before detection of the signal becomes more difficult. In a third experiment, we investigated how the function relating the threshold of the signal to the frequency of the signal would vary as the number of components in a flat multi-component background is altered. Our results indicate that as the number of components which compose the background is reduced from 21 to 3, thresholds for increments to the middle region of the spectrum are elevated rather considerably. PMID- 3170357 TI - Wheat germ agglutinin and Helix pomatia agglutinin lectin binding on cochlear hair cells. AB - The fluorescein labelled lectins FITC-WGA and FITC-HPA were used to identify specific carbohydrates in cochlear hair cells. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) bound with the cell coat of both inner and outer hair cells (IHC and OHC) suggesting the presence of either N-acetyl-D-glucosamine or sialic acid. In contrast, glycoconjugates with terminal N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues that bind with Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA), were demonstrated inside the plasma membrane of outer hair cells. WGA and HPA lectin binding implies the presence of anionic glycoconjugates that furnish added negative charge on the membranes to which they are fixed. The presence of sialic acid or N-acetyl-D-glucosamine on the extracellular surface of cochlear hair cell plasma membrane is consistent with the normal distribution of these glycoconjugates in the cell coat. The presence of the membrane associated oligosaccharide N-acetyl-D-galactosamine within the outer hair cell is inconsistent with the distribution of glycoproteins in internal membrane systems of other cell types. PMID- 3170359 TI - Effects of intense pure tones on auditory temporal acuity. AB - Gap detection thresholds (GDTs) were obtained from human listeners before and after exposure to a brief 0.4- or 1.7-kHz tone. The temporary threshold shift (TTS) produced 2 min after an exposure was approximately 10 dB. GDT stimuli were octave-band noises centered at one of three frequencies: the exposure frequency, one-half octave above the exposure frequency or one octave above the exposure frequency. GDTs were obtained at 35, 55, and 75 dB SPL at each center frequency. GDT and TTS recovery were monitored at logarithmically-spaced time intervals after the exposures. Following the 1.7-kHz exposure, shifts in post-exposure GDT were only obtained with the low-level stimulus conditions--the magnitude of GDT shift was correlated with the size of the TTS, and the shifts in GDT and absolute threshold required similar amounts of time to recover. Significant post-exposure shifts in GDT were also observed following the 0.4-kHz exposure. However, shifts were found at frequencies where there was no measurable TTS, and they required longer periods of time to recover than did absolute threshold. PMID- 3170361 TI - Potassium ion conductance of the cochlear partition: differences between the chinchilla and guinea pig. AB - The time courses of the endocochlear potential (EP) and the K+ concentrations in the inner ear fluid under permanent anoxia were observed in the chinchilla and guinea pig using K+-selective microelectrodes. The EP following 30 min of anoxia in the chinchilla (-10.9 +/- 2.2 mV) showed a significantly less negative value than that of the guinea pig (-25.7 +/- 2.6 mV). The K+ concentration in endolymph induced by anoxia decreased less in the chinchilla than in the guinea pig. The average K+ conductance of the cochlear partition 10-30 min after anoxia in the guinea pig (0.1703 +/- 0.0792 S) was approximately 7.9 times that of the chinchilla (0.0216 +/- 0.0042 S), which is thought to be responsible for the difference of the anoxic EP between the two species. PMID- 3170360 TI - Physiology of cochlear efferent and afferent neurons: direct comparisons in the same animal. AB - Exposure of the vestibulo-cochlear anastomosis in the cat allows single-unit recording of afferent fibers originating from inner hair cells and olivocochlear efferent fibers to the outer hair cells. Comparison of data obtained from individual animals show similarities in absolute threshold and dynamic range between the efferent fibers and that subset of auditory-nerve afferents with low spontaneous rates and high thresholds [Liberman (1978) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 63, 442-455]. The afferent-efferent comparisons also show that interanimal variability in efferent excitability (thresholds and maximum discharge rates) is directly correlated with variation in the mean spontaneous discharge rate of the afferent fiber population. It is suggested that interanimal differences in efferent excitability may explain some of the interanimal variability in susceptibility to acoustic trauma. PMID- 3170362 TI - Protection against noise trauma by pre-exposure to a low level acoustic stimulus. AB - Guinea pigs were pre-exposed to a low level acoustic stimulus prior to exposure to a stimulus known to yield a permanent threshold shift. This pre-treatment resulted in: 1) approximately a 20 dB reduction in the threshold shift relative to animals not pre-exposed, and 2) complete recovery from the threshold shift after 2 months. PMID- 3170363 TI - Blood pressure in resting, anesthetized and noise-exposed guinea pigs. AB - This study investigated blood pressure in guinea pigs while they were 1) alert and free moving, 2) anesthetized with different anesthetics, and 3) exposed to continuous, 115 dB SPL white noise under anesthesia. The animals were prepared with a carotid artery catheter and permitted to recover for 48 h before blood pressure levels were measured. Mean arterial blood pressure in the resting, unrestrained guinea pig was 64 mmHg (+/- 1.38 S.E.). Ketamine Hydrochloride (Ketamine) significantly decreased, and Fentanyl-Citrate significantly increased, blood pressure. Fentanyl-Droperidol produced no substantial blood pressure change. Guinea pigs anesthetized with Fentanyl-Citrate and Fentanyl-Droperidol demonstrated significant blood pressure increases when exposed to noise, with the Fentanyl-Citrate group showing a greater response. Animals anesthetized with Ketamine Hydrochloride exhibited no significant blood pressure changes when exposed to the noise. PMID- 3170364 TI - Stereociliary cross-links between adjacent inner hair cells. AB - An extensive network of intracellular cross-links occurs between the stereocilia of each cochlear hair cell bundle. These links fall into two main categories; lateral links which run roughly horizontal with respect to the reticular lamina and which join stereocilia of the same or adjacent rows, and tip-to-side links which run at a more vertical angle from the tip of each shorter stereocilium to the side of the adjacent longer stereocilium in the row behind. It has been proposed that deformation of the tip-to-side links causes alteration of the rate of opening of ion channels, producing transduction. Lateral linkages also occur between the stereocilia of adjacent hair cells. Now, intercellular links which resemble the tip-to-side links have been observed. Some of these occur in positions inappropriate to their proposed role in transduction. Several hypotheses are proposed to account for their presence e.g., the links could represent the remnants of a glycocalyx which is best preserved in areas where stereocilia are closely opposed. PMID- 3170365 TI - T complex hemispheric asymmetries: effects of stimulus intensity. AB - The T complex component of the human auditory evoked potential (AEP) is thought to be produced in auditory cortex, on the posterior lateral surface of the temporal lobe. Recorded over temporal scalp, it consists of an 80-90 ms positive peak, Ta, and a 120-140 negative peak, Tb. As part of an effort to develop the clinical usefulness of the T complex in assessing auditory cortical function, we studied the effects of change in monaural stimulus intensity (20-80 dB SL) on T complex latency, amplitude, and hemispheric differences in normal adults. Ta and Tb peak latencies decreased as stimulus intensity increased. These latency changes were not dependent on ear or hemisphere. Right hemisphere Ta latency was shorter with contralateral than with ipsilateral stimulation; while left hemisphere Ta latency was not dependent on the ear stimulated. Tb latency was shorter over the left hemisphere, and over the contralateral hemisphere. Ta-b amplitude increased as stimulus intensity increased. This amplitude change was not dependent on ear or hemisphere. Ta-b amplitudes were larger over the right hemisphere and over the contralateral hemisphere. Hemispheric asymmetries were not significantly affected by stimulus intensity. PMID- 3170367 TI - Intensity coding and the dynamic range problem. AB - The psychophysical data on intensity discrimination indicate that certain schemes are unlikely as general intensity codes at the level of the auditory nerve and indirectly suggest that the most likely code is one based upon the firing rates of frequency-localized groups of fibers. A detection-theory analysis of a rate based intensity code indicates that information from very few fibers can, if the information is appropriately combined, account for psychophysical discrimination even at high intensities. This suggests that fibers with similar CFs can code intensity over a wide range and that complex spectra can be represented at the level of the auditory nerve by a rate-CF code over the dynamic range of hearing. The analysis also indicates, however, a substantial discrepancy between the psychophysical data on the dependence of discrimination thresholds on level and the predicted discrimination behavior of a representative population of auditory nerve fibers. Thus, if intensity coding is based on localized firing rate, this fundamental psychophysical behavior does not result solely from peripheral processes. PMID- 3170366 TI - Active movements of the cuticular plate induce sensory hair motion in mammalian outer hair cells. AB - It has been suggested that active motor capacities may explain the high sensitivity and sharp tuning of auditory transduction in the mammalian cochlea. Recently, slow and fast motile responses of isolated outer hair cells (OHCs) have been demonstrated. These consist of reversible length changes in the cylindrical cell body. Here we show that isolated OHCs are also capable of slow and fast movements of the cuticular plate (CP) which cause passive displacements of the stereocilia. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the slow movements appear to reside in the highly organized actomyosin cytoskeleton in the CP. Additional, fast movements of the CP were observed in OHCs which were exposed to alternating electrical fields. These rapid mechanical events followed the electrical stimulus cycle-by-cycle, and unlike the slow movements, did not depend on the actomyosin skeleton in the CP. The fast motility of the CP and the attached stereocilia suggest an additional active mechanism which may contribute to the sensitivity and the sharp tuning of the cochlea near threshold. By controlling the operating point of the reticular lamina and of the hair bundles, the slow CP and stereociliary movements may influence basilar membrane homeostasis and temporary threshold shift at high sound pressure levels. PMID- 3170368 TI - Incidence of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in macaque monkeys: a replication. AB - An earlier survey of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOEs) in Old- and New World monkeys identified three of 61 animals (5%) as emitters. Since all three emitting monkeys belonged to the macaque genus, the present study was conducted in a group of 102 pigtail monkeys in an attempt to corroborate the incidence of SOEs in a readily available macaque species. This examination revealed nine primates (9%) with SOEs with three demonstrating bilateral emissions. These results demonstrate that the macaque monkey offers a unique nonhuman primate model for the study of SOE phenomena. PMID- 3170369 TI - Multiple regression and principal components analysis of puberty and growth in cattle. AB - Multiple regression and principal components analyses were employed to examine relationships among pubertal and growth characters. Records used were from 424 bulls and 475 heifers produced by a diallel mating of Angus, Brahman, Hereford, Holstein and Jersey breeds. Characters studied were age, weight and height at puberty and measurements of weight and hip height from 9 to 21 mo of age; pelvic measurements of heifers also were included. Measurements of weight and height near 1 yr of age were related most highly to pubertal age, weight adn height. Larger size near 1 yr of age was associated with younger, larger animals at puberty. Growth rate was associated with pubertal characters before, but not after, adjustment for effects of breed-type. Principal components of the variation of pubertal and growth characters among animals were strongly related to both weight and height. The majority of the variation among breed-types was due to height. Characteristic vectors of principal components describing the variation of bulls and heifers were strikingly similar. The variance-covariance structure of pubertal characters was essentially the same for both sexes even though the mean values of the characters differed. PMID- 3170370 TI - Effect of creep partitions on teat-seeking behavior of newborn piglets. AB - In the first of two studies on teat-seeking behavior of newborn pigs, latencies from birth to first mammary contact (LMC) and to first suckle (LS) were recorded by live observation (n = 66). LMC accounted for 66% of LS and variances were similar between these two measures, suggesting that LMC is a good predictor of time to first suckle. In a second experiment, 32 litters of pigs were farrowed in crates equipped with either solid, vertically slatted, horizontally slatted or diamond mesh creep partitions. Piglet behavior following parturition was recorded via time-lapse videotape. LMC was determined for each piglet and movements were plotted for four focal pigs/litter. Partition type did not affect LMC (mean = 34 min). LMC was significantly affected by number of littermates present during teat seeking (P less than .001), birth order (P less than .001) and frequency of position changes by the sow (r = .26, P less than .01). Neither sex nor birth weight affected LMC on a within-litter basis, but across litters smaller pigs had greater contact latencies (r = -.38, P less than .001). Partition type did not affect distance traveled or time spent in contact with the sow, in contact with the creep partitions,, free standing or the total of these. LMC was positively correlated (P less than .05) with contact time with the sow (r = .34) and time behind the sow's back (r = .38) and negatively correlated with time spent free standing (r = -.35, P less than .05) and in contact with the sow's rear legs (r = -.29; P less than .10). PMID- 3170371 TI - The effect of dietary protein level on exercising horses. AB - Six mature Quarter Horse mares were used in a crossover design to assess the effect of dietary protein level on metabolic response to exercise. After a 2-wk adaptation period to either a 12.9% (control) or an 18.5% CP (high-protein) diet, each mare performed a standard exercise test. The test consisted of a 15-min exercise period at 4.5 m/sec on a 9% grade motorized treadmill. Exercise resulted in an increase in heart rate (P less than .001), but there was no difference (P less than .05) between dietary treatments. In the jugular vein, lactate increased (P less than .01) from 6.3 to 52.0 mg/100 ml in the control group and increased from 6.3 to 45.6 mg/100 ml in the high-protein group. There was an interaction (P less than .05) between diet and exercise for lactate. Plasma NH3 increased (P less than .001) during exercise, but not until the 15th min, at which time NH3 increased over fourfold in both groups. Dietary protein did not affect NH3; however, urea-N was higher (P less than .001) in horses receiving the high protein diet. Plasma alanine increased from 13.6 to 30.3 mumol/100 ml and glutamine increased from 49.3 to 62.5 mumol/100 ml in the control group. In the high-protein group, alanine increased from 10.2 to 25.8 mumol/100 ml, whereas glutamine increased from 39.3 to 49.2 mumol/100 ml. Our study detected no metabolic evidence for a detrimental effect of excess dietary protein in horses exercising on a graded treadmill at 4.5 m/sec for 15 min. PMID- 3170372 TI - Elimination of [14C]heptachlor from body stores of lactating ewes treated with ovine growth hormone. AB - Elimination of [14C]heptachlor from body burdens of sheep was measured using mature ewes nursing single offspring, and the influence of exogenous ovine growth hormone (oGH) on elimination was studied. Six ewes (62 +/- 2.5 kg BW) were dosed (i.p.) once with [14C]heptachlor (2.04 mg/kg Bw; .88 microCi/mg heptachlor) and three were treated additionally with oGH (oGH; 5 mg/d) for 21 d. Three additional ewes served as controls. Excreta were collected each day for 21 d. Milk and blood were collected every 3rd d until ewes were euthanized at d 21. 14C activity was measured in excreta, milk, blood and tissues. Total cumulative activity of [14C]heptachlor and(or) metabolites in excreta (21 d) did not differ (P greater than .20) in ewes given oGH (25 +/- 2%) vs none (23 +/- 2%). Milk yield and protein content were unaffected (P greater than .10) by oGH. Ewes given oGH eliminated 2.2 +/- 2% of total 14C dosage into milk during 21 d, whereas ewes untreated with oGH eliminated 1.3 +/- .2% (P less than .10); total 14C activity eliminated into milk plus excreta was similar for ewes given oGH or none (P greater than .10). For all six ewes, half-times (T1/2) for distribution and elimination of 14C activity (heptachlor and metabolites) were 1.5 d and 11.7 d, respectively. Blood concentrations of 14C activity during 21 d yielded elimination half-time as 23 d. Unlike bovines, which eliminate heptachlor slowly (T1/2 approximately 70 to 80 d) and mainly into milk fat, lactating ovines eliminated heptachlor and(or) metabolites mainly into excreta and about sixfold faster than bovines. PMID- 3170373 TI - Morphine suppresses luteinizing hormone concentrations in transiently weaned sows and delays onset of estrus after weaning. AB - Lactating sows were used to evaluate effects of morphine and suckling on secretion of LH and prolactin (PRL) and occurrence of estrus after weaning. In the first experiment, crossbred multiparous sows nursing 7.9 +/- .4 pigs per litter at 25.2 +/- .3 d of lactation were subjected to one of three treatments during the middle 8-h segment of a 24-h experimental period. Treatments were infusion (i.v.) of morphine (200 mg/h) with the litter present (n = 4) or transiently weaned (n = 4), or transient weaning of litters without morphine (n = 4). Transient weaning decreased (P less than .05) prolactin and increased (P less than .05) the frequency of LH pulses and average concentration of LH. Infusion of morphine caused transient hyperthermia and suppressed (P less than .05) LH release in two of four sows nursing litters and in four sows whose litters were absent. Infusion of morphine, in the presence or absence of litters, suppressed PRL during the middle and last 8-h segments. A second experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that chronic administration of morphine delays onset of estrus after weaning. Primiparous Duroc sows were assigned at weaning (53 to 63 d postpartum) to receive morphine (n = 10) or saline (n = 11). Saline (1.5 ml) or morphine (75 mg) was administered s.c. three times a day for 5 d after weaning. Onset of estrus after weaning was delayed in sows given morphine compared with those given saline (9.7 +/- .4 vs 5.2 +/- .3 d, respectively; P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170374 TI - Effects of time and dietary selenium concentration as sodium selenite on tissue selenium uptake by sheep. AB - Thirty crossbred wethers (60 kg avg initial wt) were used to study the time-dose response to dietary Se as sodium selenite (Na2SeO3). Sheep were fed a basal diet (.20 mg/kg Se, M basis) for 10 d; three wethers were killed and tissues were collected for controls. The remaining 27 sheep were assigned randomly to diets supplemented with either 3, 6 or 9 mg/kg Se (as-fed basis) from reagent grade Na2SeO3 and fed for 10, 20 or 30 d. Feed offered was restricted to 1,200 g daily and tap water was available ad libitum. Sheep were stunned and killed by exsanguination and liver, kidney, muscle, heart and spleen were removed and frozen for Se analysis. No toxic effects were noted as expressed by feed intake or hemoglobin concentration. Added dietary Se increased Se linearly (P less than .01) in liver, kidney, and serum. Selenium in liver, kidney and serum also increased (P less than .01) as time advanced. Serum, liver and kidney were more sensitive to dietary Se than were muscle, heart and spleen. Ten days appeared to be an adequate length of time for further Se bioassay studies of this nature. Reagent grade Na2SeO3 was nontoxic when fed to sheep for 30 d at levels up to 90 times the Se requirement. PMID- 3170375 TI - Estimation of the relative biological availability of inorganic selenium sources for ruminants using tissue uptake of selenium. AB - An experiment was conducted to estimate the relative bioavailability of inorganic Se sources based on tissue Se deposition following supplementation at high dietary levels. Twenty-eight crossbred wethers averaging 50 kg initial weight were assigned randomly to seven treatments that were fed for 10 d. The basal diet contained .18 mg/kg Se (DM basis). Dietary Se was added at 0, 3, 6 or 9 mg/kg as reagent grade sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and 6 mg/kg from either calcium selenite (CaSeO3), Na2SeO3 + fumed amorphous carrier or sodium selenate (Na2SeO4). There were four sheep per treatment group, housed in individual, raised pens with slatted floors. Daily feed intake was restricted to 1,200 g and tap water was available ad libitum. The basal diet was fed for a 10-d adjustment period, then sheep were fed experimental diets for 10 d. At the termination of the experiment, blood samples were taken; sheep were stunned and killed, and livers and kidneys were removed and frozen for Se analysis. There was a linear (P less than .001) uptake of Se in liver, kidney and serum. The CaSeO3 and Na2SeO4 sources resulted in greater (P less than .05) Se concentrations in liver and kidney than did Na2SeO3, but these differences were not significant when the analyzed dietary Se concentrations were used as a covariate in the statistical model. Based on linear and multiple linear regression slopes and average increases in serum, liver and kidney Se concentrations, estimated relative bioavailability values corrected for analyzed dietary concentration, were 100, 101, 90 and 133 for Na2SeO3, CaSeO3, Na2SeO3 + carrier and Na2SeO4, respectively. PMID- 3170376 TI - Economic impact of poisonous plants on the rangeland livestock industry. AB - Poisonous plants on rangelands cost producers and consumers upwards of $250 million annually in the U.S. These costs are attributable not only to livestock deaths and diminshed productivity related to plant poisoning, but also to the management costs associated with usage of forage in areas infested with poisonous plants. At present, even relatively small losses from plant poisoning can cause financial and economic impacts that threaten range enterprises, particularly those using public lands. PMID- 3170377 TI - Mycotoxin interactions in poultry and swine. AB - Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by fungi. When one mycotoxin is detected, one should suspect that others also are present in a contaminated feed ingredient or finished feeds. The toxicity and clinical signs of observed in animals when more than one mycotoxin is present in feed are complex and diverse. Some mycotoxins, such as the combination of aflatoxin with either ochratoxin A or T-2 toxin, interact to produce synergistic toxicity in broiler chicks. The effects observed during multiple mycotoxin exposure can differ greatly from the effects observed in animals exposed to a single mycotoxin. For example, fatty livers in poultry are used for presumptive diagnostic identification of aflatoxicosis. However, simultaneous presence of ochratoxin A prevents fatty livers. Of the mycotoxin combinations that have been investigated in poultry and swine, the aflatoxin + ochratoxin A and aflatoxin + T-2 toxin interactions appear to be the most toxic. PMID- 3170378 TI - Forage ingestion: effects of sward characteristics and body size. AB - A model of a grazing ruminant in a range environment integrates ingestive behaviors (bite size, chewing rate, movement rate) and processing behaviors (mastication and rumination requirements) with rumen function to predict the combination of behaviors that produces the highest rate of energy digestion per unit of time (DE/T). Ingestive and processing behaviors compensate to maintain DE/T as the environment changes. Compensation for a change in forage density is more complete than for a change in forage quality. Ingestive behaviors alone have limited ability to offset environment changes, and control of passage rate through processing behaviors is an important additional compensatory mechanism. Optimal solutions of the model maintain a high intake by sacrificing diet quality and maintain a high rate of passage by increasing mastication and rumination effort when eating low-quality diets. When the model is scaled to body size, decreases in body size lead to higher selectivity and more pronounced processing behaviors. In no case are optimal solutions characterized by less than maximum rumen fill. The model predicts that the small ruminant derives an increasing proportion of its energy from the cell contents. The model suggests that selection for production has produced plastic ingestive and processing behaviors and has increased body size. PMID- 3170379 TI - Sera-controlled preadipocyte growth in culture: an ontogeny study with sera from lean and obese pigs. AB - Genetically lean and obese swine were used to investigate the control of preadipocyte growth in culture by porcine serum. Sera were collected from fetuses from obese and lean strains at 70, 90 and 110 d of gestation. Postnatal serum samples were collected from both lines of pigs at 23 to 27 kg. Rat preadipocytes were isolated and grown in culture. Preadipocyte and stromal-vascular cell proliferation was greater in cultures grown in sera obtained postnatally than in cultures grown in sera from fetuses. Sera from lean and obese fetuses were equipotent in promoting cell proliferation. Glycerol-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity was higher in cultures fed serum from obese pigs and fetuses than in cultures fed serum from lean pigs and fetuses. Cultures grown in serum from obese fetuses and pigs had soluble protein levels similar to cultures grown with serum from lean pigs and fetuses. These results demonstrate that serum from genetically obese swine, in the pre-obese (fetal) and obese (postnatal) state, caused increased adipogenic activity in adipocytes in culture. PMID- 3170381 TI - International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology announcement of the report of the ad hoc Committee on Reconciliation of Approaches to Bacterial Systematics. PMID- 3170380 TI - Suppressed development of cultured mouse and swine embryos by diethylstilbestrol. AB - Effects of prolonged exposure to the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) on in vitro development of early mouse and swine embryos were investigated. Two cell mouse embryos cultured in Whitten's medium (WM) for 192 h were exposed to 10(-4), 10(-7) or 10(-10) M DES dissolved in 1, 10(-3) or 10(-6)% ethanol, respectively. One-cell to eight-cell swine embryos were cultured in WM for 192 h containing 10(-4) or 10(-7) M DES dissolved in 1 and 10(-3)% ethanol, respectively. Embryos cultured in WM containing 1 (0 DES1), 10(-3) (0 DES2) or 10(-6)% ethanol (0 DES3) served as controls. Hatching was inhibited (P less than .05) in mouse embryos cultured in 10(-4) M DES (3.0 +/- 2.1% vs 0 DES1, 25.1 +/- 3.7%). Similar (P greater than .10) percentages of mouse embryos hatched in 10( 7) M DES (36.4 +/- 5.4% vs 0 DES2, 29.1 +/- 5.7%) and 10(-10) M DES (44.4 +/- 4.4% vs 0 DES3, 38.9 +/- 5.3%). Diethylstilbestrol at a concentration of 10(-4) M failed to affect the development of one- to eight-cell swine embryos into blastocysts. However, compared with 0 DES2, 10(-7) M DES reduced (P less than .05) the number of swine blastocysts developing from one- to two-cell (36 vs 78%) and three- to four-cell embryos (50 vs 84%). No significant effects of 10(-7) M DES were detected on the ability of six- to eight-cell swine embryos to develop into blastocysts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170382 TI - The detection of irradiated foods using the Direct Epifluorescent Filter Technique. AB - A method was evaluated which has the potential to detect a food sample which has been irradiated. The technique will give an indication of the total number of viable micro-organisms present before irradiation. It is based on the comparison of an aerobic plate count (APC) with a count obtained using the Direct Epifluorescent Filter Technique (DEFT). When the APC of an irradiated sample was compared with the DEFT count on the same sample, the APC was considerably lower than that obtained by DEFT. The count of orange fluorescing cells after irradiation, however, correlated well with an APC of the same sample before irradiation. For the samples examined the DEFT count determined the viable microbial population in the sample before irradiation. The difference between the APC and the DEFT count gave the number of organisms rendered non-viable by the process. PMID- 3170383 TI - Peroxide sensitivity and catalase activity in Campylobacter jejuni after injury and during recovery. AB - Cells of Campylobacter jejuni damaged by freezing or mild heat showed increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and also required the addition of catalase for growth on nutrient agar. These phenomena, which could have important practical consequences, were not associated, however, with changes in total catalase activity and may be due to alterations in outer membrane permeability. PMID- 3170384 TI - Post-processing microflora and the shelf stability of gari marketed in Port Harcourt. AB - Gari was examined for its post-processing microbial content. Aerobic mesophilic bacteria and fungi were isolated from all samples. The total viable bacterial counts ranged from 2.0 X 10(2) to 8.0 X 10(4) cfu/g. Fungal counts ranged from 1.0 X 10(2) to 1.5 X 10(4) cfu/g. The total viable counts of fresh samples were much lower than those of market and packaged samples. Bacillus, Micrococcus and Proteus spp. were the bacteria isolated, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium spp. the fungi. Food borne parasites and pathogens such as Staph. aureus and Clostridium perfringens were not found. The gari samples were quite stable, having a shelf life of 3-6 months. The water activities of the samples ranged from 0.52 to 0.68. Based on the microbial counts of the samples, the critical upper limit for the safety of gari was set at 10(4) cfu/g dry sample. PMID- 3170385 TI - Regulation of isofunctional enzymes in Pseudomonas alcaligenes mutants defective in the gentisate pathway. AB - The regulation of the inducible set of gentisate pathway enzymes used by Pseudomonas alcaligenes (P25X1) has been studied in strains derived from mutant strains of P25X1 that had lost the constitutive enzymes that degrade m-cresol, 2,5-xylenol and 3,5-xylenol. The enzyme, 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase II, that catalyzes the oxidation of 3-hydroxybenzoate to gentisate is substrate- and product-induced while gentisate dioxygenase II is substrate induced. Neither 3 hydroxybenzoate nor gentisate could induce the synthesis of maleylpyruvate hydrolase II and fumarylpyruvate hydrolase II. The results suggest that the structural genes encoding these four inducible enzymes and malepylpyruvate hydrolase I (a constitutive enzyme) exist in at least four operons. There is strict induction specificity of expression of this inducible set of gentisate pathway enzymes. 3-Hydroxy-4-methylbenzoate failed to induce whilst 3 hydroxybenzoate and 3-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoate served as inducers of 6 hydroxylase II. Degradation of 2,5-xylenol is mediated by constitutive enzymes whereas the inducible set of enzymes are responsible for the metabolism of m cresol and 3,5-xylenol. PMID- 3170386 TI - Survival of Staphylococcus epidermidis on the skin of patients of lepromatous leprosy. AB - The effect of hydration on Staphylococcus epidermidis, the predominant resident bacterial flora, was studied on skin affected by leprosy and known to have impaired sweating. Normal areas served as control. Significantly higher bacterial counts were observed in affected areas compared with normal-looking skin in 16/19 of the patients. Artificial application of Staph. epidermidis on leprosy-affected and unaffected areas, however, showed equivocal results, as in only 50% of the patients were higher counts obtained in affected compared with unaffected sites. The possible responsible factors for the present observation are discussed. PMID- 3170387 TI - Demonstration of capsule in a strain of Staphylococcus hyicus by an electron microscope. AB - A compact type variant designated as strain ST67V was isolated by a high temperature subculture method from strain ST67P of Staphylococcus hyicus, which was a diffuse type in serum-soft agar. The parent strain was relatively virulent in mice and resisted ingestion by mouse peritoneal cells. The variant strain, however, was avirulent in mice and no antiphagocytic activity was observed in the peritoneal cavity. In ultra-thin sections of the organisms treated with anti ST67P rabbit anti-serum conjugated with ferritin, the outermost layer of the cell wall of the parent strain was covered with a well-defined capsule while no capsule was shown in the variant strain. PMID- 3170388 TI - The lethal action of aminoglycosides. PMID- 3170389 TI - Reversal of activity of trimethoprim against gram-positive cocci by thymidine, thymine and 'folates'. AB - The reversal of the antibacterial activity of trimethoprim against different species of Gram-positive cocci (Staphylococcus aureus, Staph. epidermidis, Staph. saprophyticus, group B streptococci, Streptococcus faecalis and Str. faecium) by thymine, thymidine and various 'folates' (folate, folinate, dihydrofolate and tetrahydrofolate) was tested. Against group B streptococci and staphylococci only thymidine antagonized trimethoprim. However, for enterococci, thymine, thymidine, dihydrofolate, tetrahydrofolate and folinate all reversed the activity of trimethoprim, although by different amounts. Dihydrofolate was significantly more effective as a trimethoprim antagonist for Str. faecium than for Str. faecalis. While thymine and thymidine caused the MIC of trimethoprim against enterococci to increase more than 100-fold--thereby rendering them resistant--the 'folates' brought about much smaller increases in trimethoprim MIC, in the order of ten fold only. Thus, even in the presence of 'folates' enterococci remain sensitive in vitro to trimethoprim. PMID- 3170390 TI - A mouse model for simultaneous pharmacokinetic and efficacy studies of antibiotics at sites of infection. AB - Tissue penetration may be an important pharmacokinetic determinant to achieve the chemotherapeutic efficacy of antimicrobial agents. We describe a mouse model for the simultaneous study of antibiotic kinetics and efficacy at the site of infection. With the doses tested there was no difference in drug penetration into healthy tissue and tissue at the site of acute bacterial infection. Ampicillin and netilmicin levels over the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were needed to produce significant bacterial killing. During the 6 h observation period susceptible Gram-positive bacteria were eradicated whereas Gram-negative bacteria were reduced in number but not eradicated, even though the antibiotic concentrations exceeded minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) three times. PMID- 3170391 TI - The effect of ciprofloxacin on antipyrine metabolism. AB - The effect of multiple-dose ciprofloxacin on antipyrine metabolism was studied in patients suffering from bacterial infections. The patients were given antipyrine 15 mg/kg intravenously before and after ciprofloxacin treatment. The dosage of ciprofloxacin was 500 mg bd by mouth for 8-10 days. Blood samples were taken at 0, 2, 4, 6, 10 h. Antipyrine total clearance was significantly decreased after ciprofloxacin treatment (0.85 +/- 0.45 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.24 ml/min/kg): elimination rate constants for antipyrine were decreased in all patients after ciprofloxacin, whereas no change in volume of distribution was observed. The average half-life of antipyrine was increased from 9.45 +/- 3.74 h to 14.92 +/- 3.32 h. In two males with advanced chronic hepatic failure the antipyrine half-lives were extremely prolonged. Our results support the hypothesis that ciprofloxacin inhibits intrinsic hepatic drug-metabolizing capacity and may be a source of clinically important drug interactions, particularly in patients with liver disease. PMID- 3170392 TI - Once daily administration of netilmicin compared with thrice daily, both in combination with metronidazole, in gangrenous and perforated appendicitis. AB - The safety and efficacy of a single daily dose of netilmicin plus metronidazole after appendicectomy for gangrenous and perforated appendicitis was compared with the traditional thrice daily dosage. Twenty patients were enrolled in each group. The antibiotics were given intramuscularly for seven days after operation. Eradication of infection was observed in all patients and the postoperative wound sepsis was the same for each group. A significantly higher peak serum netilmicin level was achieved in the group receiving a single daily dose but nephrotoxicity was not observed. We concluded that the single daily dose of netilmicin was well tolerated and was as efficacious in this small series as the thrice daily regimen. The single-dose regimen has the advantage of simplicity and potentially increased bactericidal activity. PMID- 3170393 TI - A study of amikacin given once versus twice daily in serious infections. AB - Forty-five mostly elderly patients with serious infections were treated in a prospective, comparative and randomized pharmacokinetic study with amikacin 11.0 or 15.0 mg/kg administered in a single daily dose as an intravenous, short-term infusion or with amikacin 7.5 mg/kg administered twice daily in the same way. The results indicate that administration of amikacin 15 mg/kg in a single daily dose should be a practical and safe principle of administration. However elderly patients often have reduced creatinine clearance and should preferably be given a lower dose of 11 mg/kg bw. The risk of nephrotoxicity did not increase, but conclusions on ototoxicity and clinical efficacy cannot be drawn from this limited study. This should be considered as an initial part of a future multicentre trial. PMID- 3170394 TI - Mechanisms of transferable amikacin resistance in enterobacteria in a Czechoslovak clinic. PMID- 3170395 TI - Activity of penems against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 3170396 TI - Activity of penems against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 3170397 TI - Amoxycillin/clavulanic acid levels in lower respiratory secretions. PMID- 3170398 TI - Peroperative concentrations of cefuroxime in serum and subcutaneous tissue following antimicrobial prophylaxis in gastrointestinal surgery. PMID- 3170400 TI - Effect of exercise hemoconcentration and hyperosmolality on exercise responses. AB - We investigated the effects of a decrease in plasma volume (PV) and an increase in plasma osmolality during exercise on circulatory and thermoregulatory responses. Six subjects cycled at approximately 65% of their maximum O2 uptake in a warm environment (30 degrees C, 40% relative humidity). After 30 min of control (C) exercise (no infusion), PV decreased 13.0%, or 419 +/- 106 (SD) ml, heart rate (HR) increased to 167 +/- 3 beats/min, and esophageal temperature (Tes) rose to 38.19 +/- 0.09 degrees C (SE). During infusion studies (INF), infusates were started after 10 min of exercise. The infusates contained 5% albumin suspended in 0.45, 0.9, or 3.0% saline. The volume of each infusate was adjusted so that during the last 10 min of exercise PV was maintained at the preexercise level and osmolality was allowed to differ. HR was significantly lower (10-16 beats/min) during INF than during C. Tes was reduced significantly during INF, with trends for increased skin blood flow and decreased sweating rates. No significant differences in HR, Tes, or sweating rate occurred between the three infusion conditions. We conclude that the decrease in PV, which normally accompanies moderate cycle exercise, compromises circulatory and thermal regulations. Increases in osmolality appear to have small if any effects during such short term exercise. PMID- 3170399 TI - Failure of ciprofloxacin to eradicate Campylobacter pylori from the stomach. PMID- 3170402 TI - Cardiorespiratory responses to HCl vs. lactic acid infusion. AB - Previous reports indicate that intravenous infusion of HCl can alter breathing and blood pressure even if reductions in systemic arterial pH are prevented. To extend these findings, as well as to determine whether other acids elicit comparable results, this report compares the cardiopulmonary response between right atrial infusion of lactic acid and HCl in awake ponies. Lactic acid, infused at a dose of 1.5 mmol/kg over 18 min, lowered systemic and pulmonary arterial pH 0.062 and 0.092 U, respectively, and increased pulmonary arterial pressure (delta Ppa, 4 mmHg), heart rate (HR, 4/min), and tidal volume (delta VT, 190 ml/m2). HCl, infused at a reduced dose of 0.5 mmol/kg over 18 min, lowered systemic and pulmonary arterial pH 0.024 and 0.047 U, respectively, but produced increases in Ppa (delta 23 mmHg), HR (delta 42/min), and VT (delta 321 ml/m2) that were significantly greater than from the larger dose of lactic acid. These results indicate that cardiopulmonary responses to infusion acidosis differ between the type of acid infused. It is suggested that, in the unanesthetized pony, HCl-induced infusion acidosis has a unique cardiopulmonary-stimulating action unrelated to the pH changes imparted to the circulating arterial blood and that this response is absent during the infusion of lactic acid. PMID- 3170401 TI - Changes in plasma volume during bed rest: effects of menstrual cycle and estrogen administration. AB - Bed rest (BR) is associated with a decrease in plasma volume (PV), which may contribute to the impaired orthostatic and exercise tolerances seen immediately after BR. The purpose of this study was to determine whether increases in blood estrogen concentration, either during normal menstrual cycles or during exogenous estrogen administration, would attenuate this loss of PV. Nineteen healthy women (21-39 yr of age) completed the study. Twelve women underwent duplicate 11-day BR without estrogen supplementation. PV decreased significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) during both BR's, from 2,531 +/- 113 to 2,027 +/- 102 ml during BR1 and from 2,445 +/- 115 to 2,244 +/- 96 ml during BR2. The women who began BR in the periovulatory stage of the menstrual cycle (n = 3), a time of elevated endogenous estrogens, had a transient delay in loss of PV during the first 5 days of BR. Women who began BR during other stages of the menstrual cycle (n = 17) showed the established trend to decrease PV primarily during the first few days of BR. Seven additional women underwent a single 12-day BR while taking estrogen supplementation (1.25 mg/day premarin). PV decreased during the first 4-5 days of BR, then returned toward the pre-BR level during the remainder of the BR (pre-BR PV, 2,525 +/- 149 ml; post-BR PV, 2,519 +/- 162 ml). Thus menstrual fluctuations in endogenous estrogens appear to have only small transient effects on the loss of PV during BR, whereas exogenous estrogen supplementation significantly attenuates PV loss. PMID- 3170403 TI - External mechanical loading in conscious humans: role of upper airway mechanoreceptors. AB - To determine whether upper airway mechanoreceptors partly subserve the ventilatory response to external mechanical loading in conscious humans, we studied 11 laryngectomized subjects. The oropharynx (OP) or tracheostomy was selectively loaded (in random order) by attaching the mouth or tracheal tube to a special pressure-generating apparatus, and steady-state ventilatory responses were recorded. Phasic negative pressure changes generated at the OP to simulate inspiratory resistive loading, expiratory resistive unloading, and elastic loading resulted in trivial prolongation of inspiratory duration by 12, 9, and 4%, respectively; other ventilatory variables were not significantly altered. Phasic positive pressure changes at the OP that simulated inspiratory resistive unloading and expiratory resistive loading had little effect on breathing pattern. When the above loads were applied via the tracheostomy, using pressures of similar magnitude, ventilatory responses were qualitatively similar and quantitatively not significantly different from those of normal healthy controls. The results suggest that the OP does not make an important contribution to ventilatory responses during external mechanical loading in conscious humans. Loading responses to conventional mechanical loads are preserved in the absence of afferent information from the upper airways. PMID- 3170404 TI - Lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissues of rats running during cold exposure. AB - This study evaluated the individual and combined effects of exercise training and intermittent cold exposure of similar energy cost on serum lipids and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity on epididymal white (WAT) and interscapular brown (BAT) adipose tissues of the rat. The animals were subjected daily to 2 h of treadmill running at 24 degrees C or for the same period of time at -5 degrees C, with or without exercise, for 28 days. Exercise training lowered serum triglycerides (P less than 0.01), whereas serum cholesterol was reduced by cold exposure (P less than 0.05). Cholesterol lowering occurred in the lipoproteins of lower densities. WAT weight was diminished by both treatments. Exercise training had an overall lowering effect on WAT total LPL activity (P less than 0.05), whereas cold exposure did not affect enzyme activity significantly. Exercise and intermittent cold interacted on BAT weight. Cold increased total BAT LPL activity (P less than 0.03), whereas simultaneous exercise in the cold greatly diminished this effect. Serum insulin levels were not affected by either treatment. Thus, in WAT, intermittent exposure to cold did not have any lasting effect on LPL activity, whereas exercise training decreased the latter. In contrast, exercise did not influence LPL in BAT of rats not exposed to cold but prevented the stimulation of enzyme activity induced by repeated cold exposure. These results support the notion that the regulation of LPL is tissue specific. PMID- 3170405 TI - Pleural and extrapleural interstitial liquid pressure measured by cannulas and micropipettes. AB - In 15 anesthetized apneic, oxygenated rabbits we simultaneously measured pleural liquid and interstitial extrapleural parietal pressures by using catheters and/or cannulas and micropipettes connected to a servonull system. With the animal in lateral posture, at an average recording height of 4.4 +/- 0.9 (SD) cm from the most dependent part of the cavity, the extrapleural catheter and the pleural cannula yielded -2.5 +/- 0.6 and -5.5 +/- 0.2 cmH2O; the corresponding values for micropipette readings in the two compartments were -2.4 +/- 0.6 and -5.4 +/- 0.4 cmH2O, respectively (not significantly different from those measured with catheters and cannulas). In the supine animal, interstitial extrapleural catheter pressure data obtained at recording heights ranging from 15 to 80% of pleural cavity lay on the identity line when plotted vs. the micropipette pressure values simultaneously gathered from the same tissues. We conclude that 1) micropipettes and catheters-cannulas yield similar results when recording from the same compartment and 2) the hydraulic pressure in the parietal extrapleural interstitium is less negative than that in the pleural space. PMID- 3170406 TI - Influence of phasic afferent information on phrenic neural output during hypercapnia. AB - We measured the moving time average (MTA) of the phrenic neurogram before and after removal of phasic afferent information from the lungs, chest wall, and oscillations in blood gases by using constant-flow ventilation (CFV). Anesthetized dogs were studied at various levels of steady-state and progressive hypercapnia during spontaneous breathing and during CFV. When steady-state and progressive hypercapnia were compared, the frequency and height of the MTA phrenic neurogram were independent of the rate of induction of hypercapnia during each mode of ventilation. During spontaneous ventilation, the response to hypercapnia comprised mainly an increase in frequency with only a slight increase in the amplitude of the MTA phrenic waveform. During muscular paralysis and CFV, the responses were similar to those observed after vagotomy with mainly an increase in the amplitude and only a small increase in frequency. For both spontaneous breathing and CFV, increases in frequency were achieved mainly by a shortening in expiratory time with the inspiratory time remaining relatively constant. Our data support the concept of a centrally patterned respiratory generator, whose inherent pattern is modified by phasic feedback from peripheral receptors mainly of vagal origin. PMID- 3170407 TI - Short-term entrainment of ventilation to the walking cycle in humans. AB - We describe a breath-by-breath method to test for entrainment of breathing and walking cycles. Thirty-eight normal subjects walked comfortably on a treadmill while breathing through a pneumotachograph. We analyzed the time intervals between heel strikes and the onset of inspiration (or expiration) for evidence of phase locking between steps and breaths, using Monte Carlo simulation to model the probability that n consecutive inspirations (or expirations) would begin at a constant time interval +/- 0.10 s from heel strikes by chance. We developed empirical criteria for rhythm synchronization during series of four or more breaths, while maintaining an estimated specificity of 95%. The majority of subjects showed some evidence of entrainment (29 +/- 23% of breaths on average), which occurred intermittently, usually lasting less than 10 breaths at a time. The precision of phase locking during spontaneous entrainment was similar to that in 10 subjects who attempted to maintain deliberate entrainment. The results suggest that the walking cadence provides a persuasive, but not dominant, input to the central breathing pattern generator. The present method can detect entrainment even when it occurs sporadically or with varying coupling pattern. PMID- 3170408 TI - Body composition response to exogenous GH during training in highly conditioned adults. AB - The effects of biosynthetic methionyl-human growth hormone (met-hGH) on body composition and endogenous secretion of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were studied in eight well-trained exercising adults between 22 and 33 yr of age. By the use of double-blind procedures, met-hGH (2.67 mg/0.5 ml diluent, 3 days/wk) and bacteriostatic water (placebo, 0.5 ml, 3 days/wk) were administered in a repeated-measures design that counterbalanced treatment order. Duration of each treatment was 6 wk. Subjects trained with progressive resistance exercise throughout and were maintained on a high-protein diet monitored by extensive compositional analyses of daily dietary intake records. Hydrodensitometry revealed that met-hGH significantly decreased percent body fat (%fat) and increased fat-free weight (FFW) and FFW/fat weight (FW), whereas the placebo treatment did not change any of these measures. Changes in FFW/FW correlated with the relative dose of met-hGH but did not correlate with either the peak GH response to L-dopa/arginine stimulation or IGF-I levels obtained after treatment with placebo. There were no differences between treatments in the dietary intakes of total kilocalories, protein, carbohydrates, and fat. Mean IGF-I levels were elevated after treatment with met-hGH compared with postplacebo levels. After treatment with met-hGH, five of seven subjects had a suppressed GH response to stimulation from either L-dopa/arginine or submaximal exercise. We conclude that supraphysiological doses of met-hGH will alter body composition in exercising adults in a relative dose-dependent manner and that such treatment may suppress endogenous release of GH in some individuals. PMID- 3170409 TI - Alveolar liquid and protein clearance from normal dog lungs. AB - To determine whether liquid and protein clearance from the air spaces and lungs of anesthetized and unanesthetized dogs is the same as in sheep, we quantified these variables at three different time periods (4, 8, and 12 h) by instilling heparinized plasma (3 ml/kg) labeled with 125I-albumin into one lower lobe. Protein clearance, measured from the residual 125I-albumin in the lung homogenate, was slow and monoexponential (approximately 1%/h), similar to our previous data for protein clearance from the lungs in sheep. Lung liquid clearance in dogs, however, was 50% less than in previous experiments in sheep. Residual lung liquid (as percent of instilled) was 88.7 +/- 7.0 at 4 h, 70.5 +/- 9.1 at 8 h, and 64.0 +/- 5.8 at 12 h. At each time period, alveolar protein concentration increased by 0.6 +/- 0.4 g/dl at 4 h, 1.3 +/- 1.2 g/dl at 8 h, and 2.1 +/- 0.8 g/dl at 12 h. This increase in alveolar protein concentration was proportional to the volume of liquid removed from the lungs. beta-Adrenergic agonist therapy with terbutaline (10(-5) M mixed with the instilled plasma) doubled the volume of liquid cleared from the lungs over 4 h, and the alveolar protein concentration increased proportionally. However, lung liquid clearance in dogs that were treated with beta-agonists was proportionally (50%) less than in sheep treated with beta-agonists. The slower liquid clearance in dogs compared with sheep cannot be explained by differences in hemodynamics, pulmonary blood flow, anesthesia, mode of ventilation, or alveolar surface area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170410 TI - Characterization of muscarinic receptor subtypes on human peripheral lung. AB - To better define the role of muscarinic receptors in lung responses and airway diseases, we characterized the binding of the M1-specific antagonist, [3H]pirenzepine (PZ), and the nonspecific (M1- and M2-) antagonist, [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), to human peripheral lung tissue. Data obtained from 15 different lung specimens showed that the radioligands bound to single high-affinity sites with dissociation constant (Kd) values ranging from 1 to 9 nM for [3H]PZ and 0.03 to 0.46 nM for [3H]QNB. Comparison of total binding capacity values by equilibrium experiments with [3H]PZ, unlabeled PZ, and [3H]QNB indicates that approximately one-half of the total muscarinic binding sites in human peripheral lung binds PZ with high affinity (putative M1-subtypes). Kd values for muscarinic agents determined by competition experiments with [3H]PZ were consistent with the expected rank order of potency for interactions with muscarinic receptors. Characterization of the role of these muscarinic receptor subtypes in human lung responses may lead to the development of more selective therapeutic agents for the treatment of chronic obstructive airway diseases. PMID- 3170411 TI - Effect of flow on O2 consumption during progressive hypoxemia. AB - Rabbit hindlimb preparations perfused with blood from donor rabbits were used to determine whether O2 consumption (VO2) during hypoxemia is limited by total O2 transport (TO2) or by capillary O2 driving pressure, as reflected by the venous PO2 (PVO2). The preparations were randomized into two groups: low flow (LF) and high flow (HF), perfused at 18 and 32 ml.min-1.kg of preparation wt-1, respectively. After a 1-h base-line period with arterial PO2 (PaO2) greater than 100 Torr, both groups were exposed to progressive decrements in PaO2 to less than 10 Torr. Sequential sets of arterial and venous blood gases were obtained, and VO2, TO2, and O2 extraction ratio (ERO2) were calculated. A plot of PVO2 vs. TO2 showed higher levels of PVO2 (P less than 0.05) in LF than HF, when compared at similar levels of TO2. Therefore the experimental protocol allowed the comparison of the separate effects of TO2 or PVO2 on VO2. Plotting VO2 as a function of TO2 revealed two distinct curves (P less than 0.05), with LF having a greater VO2 than HF at a given TO2. Conversely, a plot of VO2 as a function of PVO2 did not show a difference between the groups. The ERO2 of LF was greater than HF when compared at similar levels of TO2 (P less than 0.05). We conclude from these data that during progressive hypoxemia VO2 appears to be primarily limited by factors that determine capillary O2 diffusion. This conclusion supports the Kroghian theory of capillary O2 exchange. PMID- 3170412 TI - Bioenergetics of rabbit skeletal muscle during hypoxemia and ischemia. AB - A blood-perfused rabbit hindlimb preparation was exposed to total ischemia (n = 4) or to severe hypoxemia (n = 4) where arterial PO2 was 5 +/- 2 (SE) Torr. O2 consumption (VO2), O2 transport (TO2), venous PO2 (PVO2), venous lactate concentration, and venous glucose concentration were measured. The relative concentration of ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi), and intracellular pH (pHi) were monitored with 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PCr/Pi decreased with the onset of ischemia or hypoxemia. The preparation was reoxygenated and allowed to recover for 30 min once PCr/Pi was less than 1.0. The periods of hypoxemia and ischemia lasted 56.0 +/- 10.0 and 63.8 +/- 2.5 min, respectively (NS). During ischemia PCr decreased and Pi increased compared with control (P less than 0.05) but returned to control with reperfusion. With hypoxemia PCr also decreased and Pi increased with respect to control (P less than 0.01) but did not recover with reoxygenation. VO2 and PVO2 in both groups returned to control during recovery. ATP did not change with ischemia but decreased with hypoxemia (P less than 0.05). Venous lactate concentration did not change with ischemia but increased with hypoxemia (P less than 0.05) and continued to rise during recovery. During recovery pHi decreased in the hypoxemic group (P less than 0.05) but not in the ischemic group. These data show that, under the conditions tested, rabbit skeletal muscle does not resynthesize PCr after a severe hypoxemic episode. Furthermore it appears that VO2 and PVO2 fail to portray the true state of cellular bioenergetics after a severe hypotemic insult. PMID- 3170413 TI - Effects of coronary ischemia on lung fluid balance in conscious sheep. AB - It has been suggested that coronary ischemia increases extravascular lung water. To determine whether pulmonary microvascular permeability is increased by coronary ischemia, we measured pulmonary hemodynamics, lung lymph flow (QL), and lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio (L/P) in 12 sheep with chronic lung lymph fistulas. Studies were done in 3 groups: in group 1 (n = 7) a marginal branch of the left circumflex artery (Lcx) was occluded, in group 2 (n = 5) left atrial pressure (Pla) was mechanically raised by 10 mmHg, and in group 3 (n = 5) Lcx was occluded and Pla was raised by 10 mmHg. In group 1, coronary occlusion increased QL (4.6 +/- 0.4 to 8.3 +/- 2.6 ml/h) without changes in L/P. In group 2, elevated Pla increased QL (5.1 +/- 1.2 to 10.1 +/- 3.0 ml/h) with decreases in L/P (0.71 +/- 0.02 to 0.61 +/- 0.02). In group 3, coronary occlusion with elevated Pla caused a further increase in QL (5.0 +/- 1.5 to 16.9 +/- 4.6 ml/h) without significant decreases in L/P (0.71 +/- 0.01 to 0.65 +/- 0.06). Lung lymph concentrations of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (a degradation product of prostacyclin) increased transiently after coronary occlusion. These results indicate that coronary occlusion can increase transcapillary protein transport in lungs of conscious sheep and simultaneously increase prostacyclin production in the lung. PMID- 3170415 TI - Responses of pulmonary vagal mechanoreceptors to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. AB - The discharge of 57 slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (PSR's) and 16 rapidly adapting receptors (RAR's) was recorded from thin vagal filaments in anesthetized dogs. The receptors were localized and separated into three groups: extrathoracic tracheal, intrathoracic tracheal, and intrapulmonary receptors. The influence of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFO) at 29 Hz on receptor discharge was analyzed by separating the response to the associated shift in functional residual capacity (FRC) from the oscillatory component of the response. PSR activity during HFO was increased from spontaneous breathing (49%) and from the static FRC shift (25%). PSR activity during the static inflation was increased 19% over spontaneous breathing. RAR activity was also increased with HFO. These results demonstrate that 1) the increased activity of PSR and RAR during HFO is due primarily to the oscillating action of the ventilator and secondarily to the shift in FRC associated with HFO, 2) the increased PSR activity during HFO may account for the observed apneic response, and 3) PSR response generally decreases with increasing distance from the tracheal opening. PMID- 3170414 TI - Endurance training in dogs increases vascular responsiveness to an alpha 1 agonist. AB - The effects of endurance training on vascular responsiveness to an alpha 1 agonist and the associated changes in baroreflex modulation of heart rate and vascular resistance were studied. Graded dosages of phenylephrine were given to eight treadmill-trained dogs and to eight untrained dogs; both groups were chronically instrumented and were sedated and resting when tested. These dosages were repeated after ganglionic blockade. Aortic pressure, cardiac output, central venous pressure, peripheral resistance, and heart rate were each averaged over 30 s before injection and 90 s after injection. The slope of the peripheral resistance-dose relationship was significantly increased in trained compared with untrained dogs in both the unblocked and blocked cases [unblocked: trained 0.89, untrained 0.47; blocked: trained 4.30, untrained 2.05 (mmHg.l 1.min)/(microgram.kg-1)]. The unblocked resistance slopes were reduced with respect to the blocked slopes by 77 (untrained) and 79% (trained). The slope of the heart rate-aortic pressure response was reduced, but not significantly, by endurance training. We conclude that 6 wk of endurance training in dogs resulted in a doubling of the vascular responsiveness to an alpha 1-agonist, with no significant change in the baroreflex regulation of resistance or heart rate. PMID- 3170416 TI - Pulmonary epithelial sieving of small solutes in rat lungs. AB - Transport and consumption of glucose from the air spaces of isolated, fluid filled lungs can result in significantly lower glucose concentrations in the air spaces than in the perfusate compartment (11). This concentration difference could promote the osmotic movement of water from the air spaces to the perfusate, but the rate of fluid extraction from the air spaces would then be limited by the rates of electrolyte transport through the epithelium. In the present study, measurements were made of solute and water losses from the air spaces of fluid filled rat lungs and the transport of these solutes and water into the vasculature after addition of hypertonic glucose or sucrose to the perfusate. Increases in the concentrations of Na+, Cl-, K+, and labeled mannitol in the air space were initially comparable to those of albumin labeled with Evans blue. Similarly, decreases in electrolyte concentrations in the perfusate were comparable to those of labeled albumin, indicating that very little solute accompanied the movement of water out of the lungs. Nor was evidence found that exposure of the vasculature to hypertonic glucose resulted in an increase in the rate at which fluid was reabsorbed from the air spaces over a 1-h interval, aside from an initial, abrupt loss of solute-free water from the lungs. These observations suggest that perfusion of fluid-filled lungs with hypertonic solutions of small solutes results in the extraction of water from the air spaces and pulmonary parenchyma across membranes that resist the movement of electrolytes and other lipophobic solutes. PMID- 3170417 TI - Relationship among EMG and contractile responses of the diaphragm elicited by hypotension. AB - In a canine model, we investigated the effects of severe hypotension on the indexes of diaphragmatic failure. We measured 1) the transdiaphragmatic pressure obtained in response to 20- and 100-Hz stimulation of phrenic nerves (Pdi20 and Pdi100), 2) the power spectrum of diaphragmatic electromyogram (EMG), 3) the ratio of integrated diaphragmatic EMG to Pdi (Edi/Pdi), and 4) the rate of relaxation of Pdi100 and Pdi20. Arterial blood pressure (Pa) was reduced to 40-50 mmHg by a balloon inflated in the inferior vena cava and was maintained at this level until Pdi100 declined to 75% of the control value (100% shock time, ST). A recovery period of 60 min at normal Pa was allowed. During hypotension, Pdi100 and Pdi20 declined only at 100% ST [95.0 +/- 13.0 (SE) min]; however, only Pdi100 recovered within 15 min. The power spectrum shifted to low frequencies early and progressively during shock period. Edi/Pdi rose significantly at 80 and 100% ST and recovered within 15 min. The relaxation rate of Pdi20 and Pdi100 increased significantly at 100% ST only. We conclude that 1) diaphragmatic contractility is depressed during severe hypotension, 2) changes in the power spectrum occurred first in the shock state, followed by alterations in Edi/Pdi, and subsequently both changes in the frequency-pressure curve and relaxation rate occurred last. PMID- 3170418 TI - Prediction of VO2max during cycle exercise in pregnant women. AB - We measured maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) during stationary cycling in 40 pregnant women [aged 29.2 +/- 3.9 (SD) yr, gestational age 25.9 +/- 3.3 wk]. Data from 30 of these women were used to develop an equation to predict the percent VO2max from submaximal heart rates. This equation and the submaximal VO2 were used to predict VO2max in the remaining 10 women. The accuracy of VO2max values estimated by this procedure was compared with values predicted by two popular methods: the Astrand nomogram and the VO2 vs. heart rate (VO2-HR) curve. VO2max values estimated by the derived equation method in the 10 validation subjects were only 3.7 +/- 12.2% higher than actual values (P greater than 0.05). The Astrand method overestimated VO2max by 9.0 +/- 19.4% (P greater than 0.05), whereas the VO2-HR curve method underestimated VO2max by only 1.6 +/- 10.3% in the same 10 subjects (P greater than 0.05). Both the Astrand and the VO2-HR curve methods correlated well with the actual values when all 40 subjects were considered (r = 0.77 and 0.85, respectively), but the VO2-HR curve method had a lower SE of prediction than the Astrand method (8.7 vs. 10.4%). In a comparison group of 10 nonpregnant sedentary women (29.9 +/- 4.5 yr), an equation relating %VO2max to HR nearly identical to that obtained in the pregnant women was found, suggesting that pregnancy does not alter this relationship. We conclude that extrapolating the VO2-HR curve to an estimated maximal HR is the most accurate method of predicting VO2max in pregnant women. PMID- 3170419 TI - Effects of increased pulmonary vascular tone on gas exchange in canine oleic acid pulmonary edema. AB - Pulmonary gas exchange was investigated before and after an increase in pulmonary vascular tone induced by administration of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), indomethacin, or almitrine in 32 pentobarbital-anesthetized and ventilated (fraction of inspired O2 0.4) dogs with oleic acid lung injury. Pulmonary vascular tone was evaluated by five-point pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP)/cardiac index (Q) plots and intrapulmonary shunt was measured using a SF6 infusion. PAP/Q plots were rectilinear in all experimental conditions. In control dogs (n = 8), oleic acid (0.09 ml/kg iv) increased PAP over the range of Q studied (1-5 l.min-1.m-2). At the same Q, arterial PO2 fell from 186 +/- 11 to 65 +/- 8 (SE) Torr and intrapulmonary shunt rose from 5 +/- 1 to 50 +/- 6% 90 min after oleic acid injection. These changes remained stable during the generation of two consecutive PAP/Q plots. ASA (1 g iv, n = 8), indomethacin (2 mg/kg iv, n = 8), and almitrine (8 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 iv, n = 8) produced a further increase in PAP at each level of Q. ASA and indomethacin, respectively, increased arterial PO2 from 61 +/- 4 to 70 +/- 3 Torr (P less than 0.05) and from 70 +/- 6 to 86 +/- 6 Torr (P less than 0.05) and decreased intrapulmonary shunt from 61 +/ 5 to 44 +/- 4% (P less than 0.05) and from 44 +/- 5 to 29 +/- 4% (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170420 TI - Noninvasive diffusing capacity and cardiac output in exercising dogs. AB - We have developed a rebreathing procedure to determine diffusing capacity (DLCO) and pulmonary blood flow (Qc) in the awake, exercising dog. A low dead space, leak-free respiratory mask with an incorporated mouthpiece was utilized to achieve mixing between the rebreathing bag and the dog's lung. The rebreathing bag was initially filled with approximately 1.0 liter of gas containing 0.6% C2H2, 0.3% C18O, 9% He, and 35-40% O2. End-tidal gas concentrations were measured with a respiratory mass spectrometer. The disappearance of C2H2 and C18O was measured with respect to He to calculate Qc and DLCO. Values for DLCO in dogs, expressed per kilogram of body weight, were much larger than those reported in humans. However, at a given level of absolute O2 consumption, measurements of absolute DLCO in dogs were comparable to those reported in humans by both rebreathing and steady-state methods at rest and near-maximal exercise. These results suggest that DLCO is more closely matched to the metabolic capacity (i.e., maximal O2 consumption) than to body size between these two species. PMID- 3170421 TI - Diaphragmatic relaxation rate after voluntary contractions and uni- and bilateral phrenic stimulation. AB - We compared the rate of relaxation of the diaphragm (RRdi) after unilateral phrenic nerve stimulation, bilateral phrenic nerve stimulations, and short sharp voluntary contractions (sniffs). RRdi was measured as the maximum rate of decline in transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) corrected for the change in Pdi [maximum relaxation rate (MRR)/delta Pdi], the time constant (tau) of the later exponential decline in Pdi, and the time to half relaxation (1/2 RT). In five subjects there was no difference in mean RRdi apart from a smaller MRR/delta Pdi (P less than 0.05) for left unilateral compared with either right unilateral or bilateral needle stimulation. However, RRdi varied unpredictably between unilateral and bilateral stimulation of the phrenic nerve in individual subjects. In the same five subjects, sniffs were found to have a slower RRdi than bilateral stimulations (MRR/delta Pdi 0.0064 +/- 0.0007 vs. 0.0074 +/- 0.0018/ms, tau 57.2 +/- 8.7 vs. 48.2 +/- 7.4 ms, 1/2 RT 108.9 +/- 10.9 vs. 73.9 +/- 6.0 ms; all P less than 0.05). The application and inflation of an abdominal binder to an external pressure of 60 mmHg resulted in a decrease in functional residual capacity (-710 +/- 70 ml), but there was no effect on relaxation parameters. Our findings suggest that in the evaluation of RRdi 1) unilateral hemidiaphragmatic stimulations may not accurately reflect the in vivo contractile properties of the diaphragm, 2) sniff maneuvers are not voluntary equivalents of phrenic nerve stimulations, and 3) RRdi is not affected by abdominal binder inflation up to 60 mmHg. PMID- 3170423 TI - Alpha 1-adrenergic-induced airway obstruction in ponies with recurrent pulmonary disease. AB - We examined the response of five ponies with recurrent airway obstruction (principals) and five age- and gender-matched controls to the aerosol alpha adrenergic agonist phenylephrine after blockade with propranolol and atropine. Measurements were made with principal ponies in clinical remission (period A) and during acute airway obstruction (period B). The blockade had no effect on base line pulmonary mechanics in control ponies during periods A and B or in the principal ponies during period A. However, in the principal ponies during period B, blockade increased dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and decreased pulmonary resistance (RL). Phenylephrine had no effect on the controls during either period. In the principals, phenylephrine decreased Cdyn and increased RL during both periods. The alpha 1-agonist aerosol prazosin shifted the phenylephrine dose response curves to the right, but prasozin did not bronchodilate the principals during period B. This suggests that the role of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in airway narrowing in ponies with recurrent airway obstruction is minimal. However, the response to phenylephrine in only the principal ponies suggests an increase in alpha-receptor numbers and/or activity in these animals compared with controls. PMID- 3170422 TI - The carotenoid crocetin enhances pulmonary oxygenation. AB - Rabbits anesthesized with urethan and subjected to mild hypoxia (60-70 Torr arterial PO2) through a reduction of the minute volume were injected with a carotenoid compound, crocetin, or saline. The increased PO2 in the arterial blood seen subsequently with crocetin is attributed to increased diffusion through plasma. Blood flow rates remained constant and were unaffected by crocetin. PMID- 3170424 TI - Site-specific adipose tissue LPL responses to endurance training in female lean Zucker rats. AB - The effects of endurance exercise training on adipose tissue have been investigated in female lean Zucker rats. Adult trained rats (TR) were followed throughout a swimming program of 5 wk and were compared with a littermate control sedentary group (SED). Data were collected on days 0, 14, 24, and 36 of the training program. Body weight gain and cumulative food intake were significantly lower in TR than in SED (P less than 0.05). Gastrocnemius citrate synthase activity was increased in TR by day 14 of training (P less than 0.05) and was followed by a second significant increase between days 24 and 36 (P less than 0.05). Although inguinal (ING), parametrial (PAR), and retroperitoneal (RP) cell sizes were decreased by the swimming program (P less than 0.05), adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was suppressed (P less than 0.05) by training during the first 24 days in PAR and RP depots only. Thereafter, PAR and RP LPL activities increased in TR animals (P less than 0.05) to reach values similar to SED at the end of the study. These results further establish the regionally specific response of adipose tissue metabolism to endurance training. They also suggest that, when fat cell triacylglycerol depletion reaches a smaller level, LPL activity could be involved in the process of stabilizing fat cell size. PMID- 3170425 TI - Ventilatory responses to increased blood flow and decreased lung volume in awake dogs. AB - The effect of decreased lung volume on ventilatory responses to arteriovenous fistula-induced increased cardiac output was studied in four chronic awake dogs. Lung volume decreases were imposed by application of continuous negative-pressure breathing of -10 cmH2O to the trachea. The animals were surgically prepared with chronic tracheostomy, indwelling carotid artery catheter, and bilateral arteriovenous femoral shunts. Control arteriovenous blood flow was 0.5 l/min, and test flow level was 2.0 l/min. Arterial blood CO2 tension (PaCO2) was continuously monitored using an indwelling Teflon membrane mass spectrometer catheter, and inhaled CO2 was given to maintain isocapnia throughout. Increased fistula flow alone led to a mean 52% increase in cardiac output (CO), whereas mean systemic arterial blood pressure (Psa) fell 4% (P less than 0.01). Negative pressure breathing alone raised Psa by 3% (P less than 0.005) without a significant change in CO. Expired minute ventilation (VE) increased by 27% (P less than 0.005) from control in both of these conditions separately. Combined increased flow and negative pressure led to a 50% increase in CO and 56% increase in VE (P less than 0.0025) without any significant change in Psa. Effects of decreased lung volume and increased CO appeared to be additive with respect to ventilation and to occur under conditions of constant PaCO2 and Psa. Because both decreased lung volume and increased CO occur during normal exercise, these results suggest that mechanisms other than chemical regulation may play an important role in the control of breathing and contribute new insights into the isocapnic exercise hyperpnea phenomenon. PMID- 3170426 TI - Airway epithelium modulates the responsiveness of porcine bronchial smooth muscle. AB - The effect of epithelium removal on the responses of porcine airways to exogenously applied agonists and nerve stimulation was examined. Paired rings of third- (segmental), fourth- and fifth-order (subsegmental) bronchi, with and without epithelium, were placed in organ chambers in physiological salt solution (95% O2-5% CO2, 37 degrees C). Removal of the epithelium caused a leftward shift in the concentration-effect curve for acetylcholine (3rd and 4th order). A similar shift occurred for histamine (3rd and 5th order). The relaxation to isoproterenol was reduced by epithelium removal in a similar fashion in the three orders. Removal of the epithelium reduced the maximal response to KCl (3rd and 4th order) and acetylcholine (5th order). The peak response to nerve stimulation showed a significant rightward shift in the absence of epithelium. In fifth-order bronchi, tissues with epithelium showed a significantly greater degree of fade of the response to sustained electrical stimulation. Thus both epithelium-derived relaxing and contracting factors may be released in porcine airways. PMID- 3170427 TI - Influence of inspiratory flow rate and frequency on O2 cost of resistive breathing in humans. AB - We examined the combined effect of an increase in inspiratory flow rate and frequency on the O2 cost of inspiratory resistive breathing (VO2 resp). In each of three to six pairs of runs we measured VO2 resp in six normal subjects breathing through an inspiratory resistance with a constant tidal volume (VT). One of each pair of runs was performed at an inspiratory muscle contraction frequency of approximately 10/min and the other at approximately 30/min. Inspiratory mouth pressure was 45 +/- 2% (SE) of maximum at the lower contraction frequency and 43 +/- 2% at the higher frequency. Duty cycle (the ratio of contraction time to total cycle time) was constant at 0.51 +/- 0.01. However, during the higher frequency runs, two of every three contractions were against an occluded airway. Because VT and duty cycle were kept constant, mean inspiratory flow rate increased with frequency. Careful selection of appropriate parameters allowed the pairs of runs to be matched both for work rate and pressure-time product. The VO2 resp did not increase, despite approximately threefold increases in both inspiratory flow rate and contraction frequency. On the contrary, there was a trend toward lower values for VO2 resp during the higher frequency runs. Because these were performed at a slightly lower mean lung volume, a second study was designed to measure the VO2 resp of generating the same inspiratory pressure (45% maximum static inspiratory mouth pressure at functional residual capacity) at the same frequency but at two different lung volumes. This was achieved with a negligibly small work rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170428 TI - Specific reaginic antibody IgG1-induced changes of airway smooth muscle cells. AB - It was found that 1) an administration of both immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) or immunized serum caused an immediate depolarization and an increase in the isometric force of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells, followed by a sustained hyperpolarization and a return of the tone to the base-line values; 2) an IgG1 concentration-dependent relationship was found between a peak depolarization, a peak hyperpolarization, and a peak isometric force; for these events 50% effective dose (ED50) was found to be 0.17, 0.14, and 0.25 microgram/ml of IgG1, respectively; 3) both electrical and contractile responses to ovalbumin of ASM cells sensitized with IgG1 were also dependent on the concentration of IgG1; the ED50 values of this relationship were 0.27 and 0.25 micrograms/ml of IgG1, respectively; 4) amiloride (10(-8) to 10(-5) M) pretreatment and a sodium deficient environment attenuated sensitized-induced electrical and contractile changes as well as the response of ASM to ovalbumin (0.1%); and 5) pretreatment of ASM with diphenhydramine (10(-5) M) or FPL 55712 (10(-6) M) had no effect on sensitization-induced changes in membrane potential but attenuated electrical and contractile response of ASM to ovalbumin (0.1%). PMID- 3170429 TI - Influence of skeletal muscle glycogen on passive rewarming after hypothermia. AB - To examine the influence of muscle glycogen on the thermal responses to passive rewarming subsequent to mild hypothermia, eight subjects completed two cold-water immersions (18 degrees C), followed by 75 min of passive rewarming (24 degrees C air, resting in blanket). The experiments followed several days of different exercise-diet regimens eliciting either low (LMG; 141.0 +/- 10.5 mmol.kg.dry wt 1) or normal (NMG; 526.2 +/- 44.2 mmol.kg.dry wt-1) prewarming muscle glycogen levels. Cold-water immersion was performed for 180 min or to a rectal temperature (Tre) of 35.5 degrees C. In four subjects (group A, body fat = 20 +/- 1%), postimmersion Tre was similar to preimmersion Tre for both trials (36.73 +/- 0.18 vs. 37.26 +/- 0.18 degrees C, respectively). Passive rewarming in group A resulted in an increase in Tre of only 0.13 +/- 0.08 degrees C. Conversely, initial rewarming Tre for the other four subjects (group B, body fat = 12 +/- 1%) averaged 35.50 +/- 0.05 degrees C for both trials. Rewarming increased Tre similarly in group B during both LMG (0.76 +/- 0.25 degrees C) and NMG (0.89 +/- 0.13 degrees C). Afterdrop responses, evident only in those individuals whose body core cooled during immersion (group B), were not different between LMG and NMG. These data support the contention that Tre responses during passive rewarming are related to body insulation. Furthermore these results indicate that low muscle glycogen levels do not impair rewarming time nor alter after-drop responses during passive rewarming after mild-to-moderate hypothermia. PMID- 3170430 TI - Effect of physical training on peripheral sweat production. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the in vivo secretory activity of sweat glands from sedentary and trained subjects. Peripheral sweat production was determined using pilocarpine iontophoresis in 40 volunteers (10 sedentary men, 10 endurance-trained men, 10 sedentary women, 10 endurance-trained women). Peripheral sweat rate was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in trained men [6.9 +/- 0.6 (SE) g.m2.min-1] and women (6.1 +/- 0.7) compared with sedentary men (3.1 +/- 0.5) and women (2.5 +/- 0.4). Furthermore, peripheral sweat rate was significantly correlated (r = 0.73) with maximal O2 uptake. The above two findings would suggest that physical training improves the secretory activity of the human sweat gland. Such a result supports previous findings that have suggested that the potentiation in sweating seen after training is achieved via a peripheral mechanism. In addition, several gender-related differences were found in the sudorific response of men and women. Specifically, women have a significantly greater sweat gland density, whereas men have a greater sweat production per gland. PMID- 3170431 TI - Limitation of maximal O2 uptake and performance by acute hypoxia in dog muscle in situ. AB - The factors that determine maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) and muscle performance during severe, acute hypoxemia were studied in isolated, in situ dog gastrocnemius muscle. Our hypothesis that VO2max is limited by O2 diffusion in muscle predicts that decreases in VO2max, caused by hypoxemia, will be accompanied by proportional decreases in muscle effluent venous PO2 (PvO2). By altering the fraction of inspired O2, four levels of arterial PO2 (PaO2) [21 +/- 2, 28 +/- 1, 44 +/- 1, and 80 +/- 2 (SE) Torr] were induced in each of eight dogs. Muscle arterial and venous circulation was isolated and arterial pressure held constant by pump perfusion. Each muscle worked maximally (3 min at 5-6 Hz, isometric twitches) at each PaO2. Arterial and venous samples were taken to measure lactate, [H+], PO2, PCO2, and muscle VO2. Muscle biopsies were taken to measure [H+] (homogenate method) and lactate. VO2max decreased with PaO2 and was linearly (R = 0.99) related to both PVO2 and O2 delivery. As PaO2 fell, fatigue increased while muscle lactate and [H+] increased. Lactate release from the muscle did not change with PaO2. This suggests a barrier to lactate efflux from muscle and a possible cause of the greater fatigue seen in hypoxemia. The gas exchange data are consistent with the hypothesis that VO2max is limited by peripheral tissue diffusion of O2. PMID- 3170432 TI - Relationship between maximal expiratory flows and lung volumes in growing humans. AB - We examined airway vs. lung parenchymal growth, as inferred from maximal expiratory flows (MEF) and lung volumes (V), respectively, to determine whether the interindividual variability of airway size (inferred from MEF) changes during lung growth and whether a young child with large (or small) airways for his parenchymal size (inferred from V) maintains relatively large (or small) airways for his lung size as he grows to adulthood. Serial measurements of MEF and V were obtained from a cohort of healthy 6- to 27-yr-old males (n = 26) and females (n = 21) over a period of 18 yr. Data were analyzed using logarithmic transformation of the power law equation, MEF = aVb, to fit a regression line to each subject's data points. These growth trajectories were satisfactorily modeled as parallel lines with 20-30% variability of their y-intercepts, indicating that substantial intersubject variability of MEF relative to V is present in early childhood and remains constant during growth. The results further indicate that MEF does track V during lung growth. We conclude that dysanapsis originates in early childhood. PMID- 3170433 TI - Effect of tracheal smooth muscle tone on collapsibility of immature airways. AB - To test the influence of smooth muscle tone on extremely immature airways, tracheal segments (n = 19) were excised from premature lambs at 114-121 days gestation and mounted in a chamber filled with Krebs solution. Inflation (Si) and collapsing (Sc) compliance were determined by altering transmural pressure from 30 to 0 Torr and -30 to 0 Torr, respectively, both during control (C) and after acetylcholine (ACh) administration (experimental, E). Flow (V = 2-15 l/min) was then introduced through the tracheal lumen while chamber pressure (Pc) was increased from 0 to 30 Torr and driving pressure (Pd) was recorded for both C and E conditions. Tracheae were found to be extremely compliant; both Si and Sc were significantly (P less than 0.005) lower after ACh administration. Resistance to airflow (R = Pd/V) was also significantly (P less than 0.05) lower after ACh administration at each compressive pressure and each flow value. These results suggest that the highly compliant preterm trachea exhibits pressure-flow characteristics similar to a Starling resistor, and the effects of compressive pressures may be attenuated by ACh-induced smooth muscle contraction. Comparison of these results with data from adult and newborn animals suggests a developmental difference in tracheal mechanics and pressure-flow relationships, as well as in the way airway function is altered by smooth muscle stimulation. PMID- 3170434 TI - Direct effects of CO on cerebral energy metabolism in bloodless rats. AB - Cerebrocortical b-cytochromes have been found to be sensitive to reduction in the presence of CO and O2 in vivo. CO-mediated cytochrome b reduction responses in "bloodless" rats were correlated in this study with changes in concentrations of high energy and glycolytic intermediates measured in cortex after rapid brain freezing. Cytochrome redox state and metabolite concentrations also were compared with cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate for O2 (CMRo2) measured before and after CO administration. No definite biochemical evidence of energy limitation was found in parietal cortex after the fluorocarbon-for-blood exchange; however, CO had direct effects on brain metabolite concentrations. Fifteen-minute CO exposures at inspired CO/O2 of 0.003-0.06 increased cerebrocortical phosphocreatine and ADP and decreased creatine concentration. CO exposure produced no significant changes in either ATP concentration or CMRo2, although CBF increased slightly. These findings may be interpreted to indicate that CO binding to cytochrome aa3 at low CO/O2 in vivo increases extramitochondrial pH relative to that within the mitochondrial matrix. In the process, cytochrome b reduction levels increase, possibly signaling an increased efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation relative to O2 uptake by unblocked respiratory chains. PMID- 3170435 TI - Inspiratory pressure generation: comparison of subjects with COPD and age-matched normals. AB - We continuously monitored esophageal (Pes) and gastric (Pga) pressures and used these measurements in a three-component model to estimate instantaneous diaphragmatic (DIA), inspiratory accessory muscle (IAM), and postexpiratory recoil (PER) pressures at various times during inspiration. We validated our model both by volume-pressure relationships of the respiratory system (Vrc-Pga and Vab-Pga, where Vrc and Vab are the rib cage and abdominal volumes, respectively) as well as electromyography of the respiratory muscles. Measurements were carried out at rest and during graded treadmill exercise in 11 subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPDs) and 8 age-matched normal subjects (AMNs). AMNs were 59 +/- 2 (SE) yr and had a forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1.0) of 3.6 +/- 0.2 liters; COPDs were 66 +/- 2 yr and had a FEV1.0 of 1.0 +/- 0.1 liters. We noted the following. At rest, both AMNs and COPDs exhibited an increasing DIA pressure (PDIA) across inspiratory time (TI) at rest. As expired minute ventilation increased with exercise intensity, AMNs continued to maintain this PDIA ramp across inspiration; in contrast, COPDs exhibited higher values of PDIA during the first half of TI than during the second half. At all intensities of exercise, COPDs exhibited higher IAM and PER pressures than the AMNs. PMID- 3170438 TI - Density dependence of respiratory input and transfer impedances in humans. AB - Total respiratory input (Zin) and transfer (Ztr) impedances were obtained from 4 to 30 Hz in 10 healthy subjects breathing air and He-O2. Zin was measured by applying pressure oscillations around the head to minimize the upper airway shunt and Ztr by applying pressure oscillations around the chest. Ztr was analyzed with a six-coefficient model featuring airways resistance (Raw) and inertance (Iaw), alveolar gas compressibility, and tissue resistance, inertance, and compliance. Breathing He-O2 significantly decreased Raw (1.35 +/- 0.32 vs. 1.74 +/- 0.49 cmH2O.l-1.s in air, P less than 0.01) and Iaw (0.59 +/- 0.33 vs. 1.90 +/- 0.44 x 10(-2) cmH2O.l-1.s2), but, as expected, it did not change the tissue coefficients significantly. Airways impedance was also separately computed by combining Zin and Ztr data. This approach demonstrated similar variations in Raw and Iaw with the lighter gas mixture. With both analyses, however, the changes in Iaw were more than what was expected from the change in density. This indicates that factors other than gas inertance are included in Iaw and reveals the short comings of the six-coefficient model to interpret impedance data. PMID- 3170436 TI - Metabolic responses to exercise in young and older athletes and sedentary men. AB - This study evaluated the effects of aging and endurance training on the metabolic responses of trained and sedentary young (age 20-32 yr) and older (age 60-70 yr) men to exercise at the same relative exercise stress (70% of maximal O2 consumption). Plasma growth hormone concentrations at rest were similar in all four groups, but both older groups had an attenuated response to exercise. The older trained men appeared to have avoided the age-associated changes that were evident in their sedentary peers with respect to resting plasma insulin, C peptide, and norepinephrine concentrations. Plasma glucagon concentrations were lower in both older subject groups at rest. Both sedentary groups decreased their plasma glucose concentrations and increased their plasma glucagon concentrations during exercise, whereas the trained groups had increases in their plasma glucose concentrations but had no change in their glucagon concentrations. Thus, although the concentrations of some hormones at rest and during submaximal exercise are unaffected by aging or by training, others are markedly altered by aging, training, or the interaction of the two. However, it appears that older healthy sedentary men undergo less physiological stress than young untrained men during submaximal exercise at the same relative exercise intensity, and they have no responses that would contraindicate their participation in exercise of the duration and intensity usually prescribed in exercise-training programs. PMID- 3170437 TI - Role of platelets in contraction of canine tracheal muscle elicited by PAF in vitro. AB - To elucidate mechanisms of platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced contraction, we studied the effect of PAF on 203 canine tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) strips from 45 dogs in vitro in the presence and absence of platelets. PAF (10(-11) to 10(-7) M) alone caused no contraction of TSM even in the presence of airway epithelium. In the presence of 2 x 10(5) platelets/microliter, PAF was an extremely potent contractile agonist (threshold 10(-11) M). This response was inhibited by the PAF antagonist, CV-3988 (10(-6) M), and reversed by the serotonin antagonist, methysergide (EC50 = 3.7 +/- 0.79 x 10(-9) M). Neither atropine nor chlorpheniramine (10(-9) to 10(-6) M) attenuated the response to PAF + platelets. In the presence of platelets, 10(-7) M PAF caused an increase in perfusate concentration of serotonin from 0.93 +/- 0.037 x 10(-8) to 1.7 +/- 0.046 x 10(-8) M (P less than 0.001). Tachyphylaxis, previously demonstrated to be irreversible, was shown to be a platelet-dependent phenomenon; contraction could be repeated in the same TSM after addition of fresh platelets. We demonstrate that PAF-induced contraction of canine TSM is caused by the release of cellular intermediates such as serotonin from platelets. We also demonstrate the site of PAF-induced tachyphylaxis in airway smooth muscle contraction. PMID- 3170439 TI - Bronchoconstriction elicited by isocapnic hyperpnea in guinea pigs. AB - We demonstrated spontaneous self-limited bronchoconstriction after eucapnic dry gas hyperpnea in 22 anesthetized, mechanically ventilated guinea pigs pretreated with propranolol (1 mg/kg iv). Eucapnic hyperpnea "challenges" of room temperature dry or humidified gas (5% CO2-95% O2) were performed by mechanically ventilating animals (150 breaths/min, 3-6 ml tidal volume) for 5 min. During a "recovery" period after hyperpnea, animals were returned to standard ventilation conditions (6 ml/kg, 60 breaths/min, 50% O2 in air, fully saturated at room temperature). After dry gas hyperpnea (5 ml, 150 breaths/min), respiratory system resistance (Rrs) increased in the recovery period by 7.7-fold and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) decreased by 79.7%; changes were maximal at approximately 3 min posthyperpnea and spontaneously returned to base line in 10-40 min. This response was markedly attenuated by humidification of inspired air. Four consecutive identical dry air challenges resulted in similar posthyperpnea responses in four animals. Increasing the minute ventilation during hyperpnea (by varying tidal volume from 3 to 6 ml) caused increased bronchoconstriction in a dose-dependent fashion in six animals. Neither vagotomy nor atropine altered the airway response to dry gas hyperpnea. We conclude that dry gas hyperpnea in anesthetized guinea pigs results in a bronchoconstrictor response that shares five similar features with hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction in human asthma: 1) time course of onset and spontaneous resolution, 2) diminution with humidification of inspired gas, 3) reproducibility on consecutive identical challenges, 4) stimulus-response relationship with minute ventilation during hyperpnea, and 5) independence of parasympathetic neurotransmission. PMID- 3170440 TI - Plasma norepinephrine and muscle sympathetic discharge during rhythmic exercise in humans. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between plasma norepinephrine concentrations (PNE) and efferent muscle sympathetic nerve activity to noncontracting muscle (MSNA) during graded, rhythmic exercise in humans. In the initial study, six healthy men (ages 20-30 yr) performed 2-min bouts of two-arm cycling exercise at power outputs of 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 (n = 6), and 80 (n = 3) W. Heart rate (HR) was recorded and intraneural measurements of MSNA (right peroneal nerve) were made continuously for 2 min before (control) and during exercise at each work load. At least 2 wk later, subjects performed the same exercise bouts at which time HR was measured and a venous (forearm) blood sample was obtained for the subsequent determination of PNE by high-performance liquid chromatography. During exercise, HR increased progressively from 0 to 80 W. Neither MSNA nor PNE increased above control in response to arm cycling at 0, 10, and 20 W [0-16 +/- 1% (SE) of peak work load], but both variables increased progressively at the 40-, 60-, and 80-W (33 +/- 1 to 67 +/- 2% of peak work load) levels (all P less than 0.05). The individual MSNA and PNE responses (% change from control) over the six work loads were directly related (r = 0.80, P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170441 TI - A digital system for generating dynamic sinusoidal gas concentration signals. AB - A computer-controlled gas-mixing system is presented. It is capable of mixing four gases, the concentration of three of which will follow a path to be determined by the user. For our purposes the output O2 fraction is maintained constant and the levels of Ar and N2O vary sinusoidally and independently, with periods between 0.25 and 30 min. A fourth gas, N2 is necessary to make the sum of the individual fractions 100%. The system uses banks of between one and four solenoid valves each linked via a sonic choke to a common mixing chamber. A regime of pulse frequency modulation is employed. All calculations and timing of valve switching are performed by a dedicated microcomputer built for the purpose. The device has been used to provide respiratory gas forcing functions for a program of research in respiratory monitoring. PMID- 3170443 TI - Cell repositories. PMID- 3170442 TI - O2 content of blood sampled from different venous compartments of the rat. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 18) weighing 548 +/- 30 g were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (40-65 mg/kg body wt ip), intubated via tracheotomy, and mechanically ventilated. After exposure of the great vessels in the thorax, blood was withdrawn from the pulmonary artery (PA), right ventricle (RV), right atrium (RA), inferior vena cava (IVC), and ascending aorta. The O2 content of these blood samples was determined by direct measurements and/or was calculated from the measured hemoglobin concentration, percent of O2 saturation, and PO2. Ventilatory rates and the inspired fraction of O2 were manipulated to vary the mixed venous O2 content (CvO2) of blood withdrawn from the PA from 1.4 to 12.9 ml O2/dl blood (vol%). Our results demonstrate that O2 contents of blood withdrawn from the PA, RV, and RA are not significantly different from one another (CPAO2 - CrvO2 = -0.02 +/- 0.25 and CPAO2 - CRAO2 = -0.07 +/- 0.41 vol%, n = 28, P greater than 0.05); however, the O2 content of blood withdrawn from the IVC is significantly lower than that withdrawn from the PA (CPAO2 - CIVCO2 = 2.11 +/- 0.34 vol%, P less than 0.001). In addition, the directly measured O2 contents were equivalent to those that were calculated. These results suggest that the O2 content of blood found in the RA and RV of the rat are indicative of the O2 content of blood found in the PA. Thus blood sampled from these areas can be used to estimate mixed venous oxygenation. PMID- 3170444 TI - Cytoplasmic calcium response to fluid shear stress in cultured vascular endothelial cells. AB - Vascular endothelial cells modulate their structure and functions in response to changes in hemodynamic forces such as fluid shear stress. We have studied how endothelial cells perceive the shearing force generated by blood flow and the substance(s) that may mediate such a response. We identify cytoplasmic-free calcium ion (Ca++), a major component of an internal signaling system, as a mediator of the cellular response to fluid shear stress. Cultured monolayers of bovine aortic endothelial cells loaded with the highly fluorescent Ca++-sensitive dye Fura 2 were exposed to different levels of fluid shear stress in a specially designed flow chamber, and simultaneous changes in fluorescence intensity, reflecting the intracellular-free calcium concentration [( Ca++]i), were monitored by photometric fluorescence microscopy. Application of shear stress to cells by fluid perfusion led to an immediate severalfold increase in fluorescence within 1 min, followed by a rapid decline for about 5 min, and finally a plateau somewhat higher than control levels during the entire period of the stress application. Repeated application of the stress induced similar peak and plateau levels of [Ca++]i but at reduced magnitudes of response. These responses were observed even in Ca++-free medium. Thus, a shear stress transducer might exist in endothelial cells, which perceives the shearing force on the membrane as a stimulus and mediates the signal to increase cytosolic free Ca++. PMID- 3170446 TI - Growth control of A431 cells in protein-free medium: secretory products do not affect cell growth. AB - A431 cells grew at similar rates in protein-free Coon's modified Ham's F12 medium (PF-C-F12) with and without added bovine calf serum. The cells secreted a heparin binding growth factor and a type-beta transforming growth factor, but their growth in PF-C-F12 was not affected by these factors, or by DNA synthesis factor from Rhodamine fibrosarcoma, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin, human transferrin, bovine serum albumin, and their combinations. Growth of A431 cells in PF-C-F12 was not density dependent and was not affected by either addition of conditioned medium or replacement of conditioned medium by fresh medium. These results indicate that A431 cells have an intracellular mechanism for autonomous growth, and that their growth is not affected by factors that they secrete or by exogenous growth factors. PMID- 3170445 TI - Quantitative studies of amino acid and growth factor requirements of transformed and nontransformed cells in high concentrations of serum or lymph. AB - The growth rate of spontaneously transformed BALB/3T3 cells is proportional to glutamine concentration between 50 and 400 microM, with little or no growth occurring in less than 50 microM glutamine. By contrast, nontransformed BALB/3T3 cells multiply, although slowly, with as little as 20 microM glutamine. Neither cell type depletes the medium of glutamine at the low concentrations. Cystine requirements of both cell types increase with serum concentration, probably due to the binding of half-cystine residues by the serum. Calf serum is a much more potent stimulator of cell multiplication than calf lymph, especially for the nontransformed cells. The rate of cell multiplication can be reduced by lowering the concentration of essential amino acids to the physiologic level found in body fluids, but the growth limitations can be fully compensated by simply raising the serum concentration. Growth factors may act by enhancing the utilization of amino acids, particularly of glutamine which is a required substrate for the first and chief regulatory steps of purine and pyrimidine synthesis. Lymph, which is coextensive with interstitial fluid in vivo, is poor in growth factors for the nontransformed BALB/3T3 cells as well as for recently explanted mouse embryo cells, which raises questions of how normal cell growth is maintained in the body. PMID- 3170447 TI - A factor produced by human cells in vitro that changes HeLa cell colonial morphology. AB - Colonies of HeLa cells cultured in media supplemented with human or bovine serum or both can be morphologically described as three types: diffuse, intermediate, and compact, with their modal distribution depending on the serum or sera added to the growth medium. We have observed that for a particular medium or serum system, the percentage of compact colonies remains fairly constant under normal culture conditions, 0.2%, whereas the diffuse and intermediate colonies vary over a much wider range. The presence of certain substances as trypsin, heparin and Darvan in the medium favor the increase of compact colonies at the expense of other types. Furthermore, we have discovered that colonial morphology is influenced by cocultivation of the HeLa cells with human fibroblastlike cells, the compact colonies increasing as the density of the fibroblast element introduced into the mixed cultures is increased. Subsequent investigation revealed that conditioned medium from confluent fibroblast and HeLa cell cultures contained a factor(s), that significantly increased the percentage of compact colonies. The factor is nondialyzable, heat-stable and can be neutralized by serum. Recorded in this presentation are preliminary observations on the kinetics of colony formation and the interaction among the three HeLa cell colony types, the diffuse, the intermediate, and the compact. The factor's effect on HeLa cell colonial morphology is time dependent and rapidly reversed if the factor(s) is removed and fresh medium added. PMID- 3170448 TI - Retention of basic electrophysiologic properties by human sweat duct cells in primary culture. AB - The present investigation was undertaken to examine the usefulness of cultured human sweat duct cells for ion transport and related studies in the genetic disease, cystic fibrosis. Electrical properties of cultured duct (CD) cells were compared with electrical properties of microperfused duct (MPD) cells. The resting apical membrane potential (Va) of the CD cells was -26.4 +/- 0.9 mV, n = 158 cells as compared to -24.3 +/- 0.6 mV, n = 105 of MPD cells. The Na+-K+ pump inhibitor ouabain, when applied to the apical surface of the CD cells and basolateral surface of MPD cells, depolarized both CD cells (from -28.6 +/- 3.6 to -16.8 +/- 2.4 mV, n = 5) and MPD cells (from -23.8 +/- 0.5 mV to -19.5 +/- 1.8 mV, n = 6). The Na+ conductance inhibitor amiloride applied to the apical surface hyperpolarized the apical membrane potentials (Va) of CD cells and MPD cells by 13.2 +/- 1.4 mV, n = 43 and -34.3 +/- 3.1 mV, n = 19), respectively, indicating the presence of amiloride sensitive Na+ channels in both groups of cells. However, the amiloride sensitivity of CD cells was dependent on the age of the culture. Cl- substitution at the apical side by the impermeant anion gluconate depolarized the Va of CD cells and MPD cells by 12.2 +/- 0.9 mV, n = 32 and 37.9 +/- 4.3 mV, n = 12, respectively. The effect of beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (IPR), was inconsistent. In CD cells, IPR either hyperpolarized (delta Va = -8.3 +/- 1.2 mV, n = 5) or depolarized (delta Va = 8.2 +/- 2.3 mV, n = 4) or had no effect, n = 2. In contrast, most of the MPD cells did not respond to IPR, but three cells had a varied response to IPR. Our results suggest that CD cells, like MPD cells, retain significant Na+ and Cl- conductances. CD cells seem to have developed a higher sensitivity to beta-adrenergic stimulation in tissue culture as compared to MPD cells. PMID- 3170450 TI - Ciliated cells in vitamin A-deprived cultured hamster tracheal epithelium do divide. AB - The pseudostratified tracheal epithelium, composed of a heterogeneous phenotypically varying cell population, was studied with respect to the in vitro cell proliferative activity of differentiated epithelial cells. Ciliated tracheal epithelial cells so far have been considered to be terminally differentiated, nonproliferating cells. Tracheal organ cultures obtained from vitamin A-deprived Syrian Golden hamsters were cultured in a vitamin A-deficient, serum-free, hormone-supplemented medium. In vitamin A-deprived tracheal epithelium treated with physiologically active all-trans retinol and low cigarette-smoke condensate concentrations it is possible to stimulate the cell proliferation of both basal and columnar cells. Therefore, the probability of finding proliferating columnar cells was increased compared with the in vivo and the vitamin A-deprived situation in which cell proliferative activity is relatively low. In the presence of cigarette-smoke condensate in a noncytotoxic concentration, basal, small mucous granule, ciliated, and indifferent tracheal epithelial cells incorporated [methyl-3H]-thymidine into the DNA during the S phase. The finding that ciliated cells were labeled was supported by serial sections showing the same labeled ciliated cell in two section planes separated by 2 to 3 micron, without labeled epithelial cells next to the ciliated cell. Furthermore, a ciliated tracheal epithelial cell incorporating [methyl-3H]thymidine into DNA was also seen in tracheal cultures of vitamin A-deprived hamsters treated with all-trans retinol in a physiologic concentration. PMID- 3170451 TI - Production of human-human hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies reactive to breast cancer cell lines. AB - We produced human-human hybridomas by fusing lymph node lymphocytes of breast cancer patients with a fusion partner, HO-323 cells, in the presence of 50% polyethylene glycol, and screened hybridomas producing monoclonal antibody (MoAb) reactive to a breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Among 11 hybridomas secreting IgM reactive to MCF-7, four hybridomas (H15A3, H15F2, K15B4, and K15C3) produced IgM reacting specifically to breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and HBC-5). Among them, H15A3 proliferated in a serum-free (RDF) medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin, ethanolamine, selenium, and endothelial cell growth supplement, as fast as in 10% FCS-RDF medium. According to transfer blotting analysis, the H15F2 MoAb reacted with a 40,000 dalton antigen in MCF-7 cells. PMID- 3170449 TI - Cytokinetics and SCE baselines in rat and human lymphocytes during successive divisions in the presence of different culture media. AB - Peripheral blood cultures were set up from male rats and humans in TC199, RPMI 1640, and minimal essential medium in the presence of 5-bromo,2-deoxyuridine and harvested at 48, 72, and 96 h. Mitotic indices were compared in the different media at all three harvest times, but cytokinetic patterns and baseline sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies were evaluated exclusively in the 72- and 96 h cultures. In general, lymphocyte division kinetics, as determined by average lymphocyte division (ALD) numbers, were comparable between rat and human lymphocytes cultured in any of the three media and harvested at either of the culture times. The numbers of SCEs were distributed between and within the two systems independent of ALD numbers or the harvest time. Overall, no influence of media was detected on the distribution of SCEs. Despite a number of similarities in growth characteristics between rat and human lymphocytes, the rat lymphocyte test system has distinct advantages over that of the human because of the easy access to rat blood samples and the absence of the many restrictions applicable to humans. PMID- 3170452 TI - Child-environment relationships: a cross-cultural study of educable mentally retarded children and their families. AB - A cross-cultural study was conducted to determine the generality of child environment relationships in Japanese and American families with educable mentally retarded (EMR) children. A total of 90 families with EMR children in Japan and 93 families with EMR children in America participated. The Henderson Environment Learning and Process Scale, Family Environment Scale, and Home Quality Rating Scale were employed in home interviews and observations. The AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale was used to measure social competency and psychosocial adjustment of the children. The results indicated that the relation between cognitive opportunities at home and the child's social competency appeared similar between the two cultures. However, the relation between the affective aspects of home environment and the child's psychosocial adjustment appeared to differ between the two cultures. PMID- 3170453 TI - Fragile X syndrome: genetic predisposition to psychopathology. AB - Fragile X syndrome is a newly recognized X-linked disorder which has been associated with a high prevalence of psychiatric disturbance, particularly attention deficit disorder and autism. The present study involved the neuropsychiatric evaluation of 14 males with the disorder who were between the ages of 3 to 27 years. Pervasive hyperactivity, impulsivity, and attentional deficits were found among all of the subjects, while a significant degree of anxiety was manifested by more than half. Although the majority of subjects exhibited poor eye contact, atypical speech and language functioning, and stereotyped behavior, only one met DSM-III diagnostic criteria for a persistent pervasive developmental disorder. Gaze aversion, noted among half of the subjects, was attributed to underlying anxiety rather than to autistic social dysfunction because of the otherwise socially engaged and affectionate behavior exhibited by the subjects. Failure to make this distinction in the context of cognitive and linguistic impairments associated with fragile X syndrome may account for the high rates of autism reported by other investigators. PMID- 3170454 TI - Thioridazine dose effects with reference to stereotypic behavior in mentally retarded residents. AB - Eleven residents receiving long-term thioridazine treatment were studied while receiving their previous dose, standardized low and high doses (1.25 and 2.50 mg/kg per day), and placebo conditions. For theoretical reasons, subjects were also classified by degree of stereotypic behavior on the Fairview Problem Behavior Checklist (Barron & Sandman, 1983). Ratings of hyperactivity and self injury were significantly lower during the higher as compared with the lower dose condition. Subjects classified as in the high-stereotypy group had significantly and substantially higher levels of maladaptive behavior on several other clinical variables. When all four drug conditions were compared, no significant drug effects were detected. However, high-stereotypy subjects responded significantly better to the drug than low-stereotypy subjects on ratings of Lethargy/Social Withdrawal and Hyperactivity on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (Aman, Singh, Stewart, & Field, 1985a). The findings were related to previous dosage research and the literature on stereotypic behavior. PMID- 3170455 TI - Validity and reliability of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale with autistic adolescents. AB - The validity and reliability of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) for autistic adolescents was tested. In the first study, CARS scores for autistic children and adolescents (matched on nonverbal IQ, sex, and ethnicity) were compared. In the second study, a group of nonautistic, handicapped adolescents were administered the CARS and these scores were compared with those of a group of autistic adolescents (matched on age, nonverbal IQ, sex, and ethnicity). The CARS clearly discriminated the two adolescent groups, suggesting that the scale may be an adequate measure of autism in adolescence. Although the CARS total score did not discriminate the younger from older autistic subjects, some interesting age-related differences emerged for specific items. A recommendation is made for elimination of one of the items on the CARS that negatively correlates with the CARS total score for both autistic groups. PMID- 3170456 TI - A comparison of teacher and parent views of autism. AB - Changing conceptualizations of autism have led to an increased focus on parents and teachers as treatment agents. In order to evaluate the views of autism held by these two groups, 47 teachers of autistic students and 47 parents of autistic children completed a survey assessing beliefs regarding various aspects of the disorder. Parent and teacher responses were compared to those obtained from a group of 22 "specialists" in autism, drawn from across the country. Both parents and teachers were found to harbor misconceptions regarding cognitive, developmental, and emotional features of autism. Furthermore, parents and teachers hold discrepant views in some areas that may have implications for their collaborative efforts. PMID- 3170457 TI - Parenting stress in raising autistic children. AB - A review of the literature documents the absence of research on the parents of autistic children as copers in a chronic stressful life situation. The 46 parents of 23 autistic children (ages 7-14) were given a series of self-report measures: Overall parenting difficulty associated with raising their autistic child, number of parenting tasks performed primarily by each parent, division of overall parenting burden between father and mother, fairness of and satisfaction with this division, and personal life satisfaction. Findings were consistent with a cognitive appraisal orientation to the stressor-stress reaction relationship. The best predictor of life satisfaction for fathers was the absolute parenting burden they were assuming, and for mothers it was the relative burden. The latter finding was attributed to the different parenting roles of men and women in society. PMID- 3170458 TI - Brief report: does fenfluramine treatment enhance the cognitive and communicative functioning of autistic children? PMID- 3170460 TI - Brief report: a case study of an adolescent male with XXXXY Klinefelter's syndrome. AB - The developmental history of a 14-year-old male with Klinefelter's syndrome (XXXXY) is described. A review of the XXXXY literature focuses on the physical complications and the mental deficiency associated with this syndrome. This case study describes an individual whose physical development is consistent with many patterns described in the XXXXY literature, although his retardation is not as severe as generally described. His personality and learning style are more similar to descriptions of XXY Klinefelter individuals. A detailed analysis of more XXXXY cases is essential to clarify developmental patterns and learning capacity in individuals with XXXXY syndrome. Severe retardation may no longer need to be the anticipated developmental outcome. PMID- 3170459 TI - Brief report: an open middle-term study of combined vitamin B6-magnesium in a subgroup of autistic children selected on their sensitivity to this treatment. PMID- 3170461 TI - On the association of fragile X with autism. PMID- 3170462 TI - Fragile X in female autistic twins. PMID- 3170463 TI - Adverse effects of fenfluramine. PMID- 3170464 TI - Lack of similar findings may be due to underutilization of MRI technology. PMID- 3170465 TI - 43rd annual conference of the Association of Physicians of India. Pune, January 21-25, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3170466 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging in gynecology and obstetrics]. PMID- 3170467 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging of normal and pathological bone marrow. Axial skeleton and pelvis]. PMID- 3170469 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee joint. PMID- 3170468 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spleen and bone marrow in hematology]. PMID- 3170471 TI - [Abridged lexicon of terms in nuclear magnetic resonance]. PMID- 3170470 TI - In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy of muscle metabolism. PMID- 3170472 TI - [Overview of nuclear magnetic resonance terminology]. PMID- 3170473 TI - The retrorectal space reviewed by CT. PMID- 3170474 TI - A method for double contrast radiography of the small intestine. PMID- 3170475 TI - Radiologic assessment of cervical neoplasm metastases. Imaging guidelines. PMID- 3170476 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of uterine cervix carcinoma. PMID- 3170477 TI - Evidence for a multigene family involved in bile acid 7-dehydroxylation in Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708. AB - Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708 is a human intestinal isolate which has an inducible bile acid 7-dehydroxylation activity. At least two cholic acid-induced polypeptides, with molecular masses of 27,000 and 45,000 daltons, respectively, coelute with bile acid 7-dehydroxylation activity. The 45,000-dalton polypeptide appears to be encoded by a cholic acid-induced mRNA species of greater than 6 kilobases, which suggests that the gene coding for this polypeptide is part of a larger operon. A gene has been cloned which flanks the gene encoding the 45,000 dalton polypeptide, in the upstream (5') direction. This gene appears to encode a second 27,000-dalton polypeptide. The gene bears striking homology at both the nucleotide (80%) and deduced amino acid sequence (89%) levels with the gene which encodes the 27,000-dalton polypeptide that has been shown previously to be involved in the bile acid 7-dehydroxylation reaction sequence. The implications of this homology and the possible function(s) of the two homologous genes in bile acid 7-dehydroxylation are discussed. Evidence is presented which suggests that the two homologous genes involved in bile acid 7-dehydroxylation may be part of a larger multigene family in Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708. PMID- 3170478 TI - Phosphoglycerol substituents present on the cyclic beta-1,2-glucans of Rhizobium meliloti 1021 are derived from phosphatidylglycerol. AB - The synthesis of periplasmic cyclic beta-1,2-glucans is a property unique to species of the family Rhizobiaceae. For this reason, it is generally believed that these molecules may play an important role in the plant infection process. In the present study, we determined that the cyclic beta-1,2-glucans produced by Rhizobium meliloti 1021 were predominantly anionic in character and contained both phosphoglycerol and succinic acid substituents. In addition, we demonstrated that phosphatidylglycerol was the source of the phosphoglycerol substituents present on these oligosaccharides and that greater than 60% of the total phospholipid turnover in this organism involved this substitution reaction. PMID- 3170479 TI - Kinetic study of a change in intracellular ATP level associated with aerobic catabolism of ethanol by Streptococcus mutans. AB - Streptococcus mutans, a group of lactic acid bacteria and a normal inhabitant of the human oral cavity, generates ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation coupled to oxidation of ethanol (an end product of fermentation of sugars) into acetate in the presence of oxygen (K. Fukui, K. Kato, Kodama, H. Ohta, T. Shima moto, and T. Shimono, Proc. Jpn. Acad. 64B:13-16, 1988). Kinetic measurements were made of the cellular responses of S. mutans FA-1 to ethanol in comparison with those to glucose. In contrast to oxygen-independent acid production from glucose, oxygen was absolutely required for acid production from ethanol. Ethanol elicited a marked increase in the intracellular ATP concentration (ATPi) from a starved level to a steady level which was held constant as long as oxygen was present in the medium. Once oxygen was exhausted, ATPi returned to the starved level without delay. On the contrary, ATPi changes induced by glucose, which were independent of oxygen, followed a rather complicated time course before a steady level was established. Both the steady ATPi and the rate of accompanying oxygen consumption were functions of the ethanol concentration. These two parameters were linearly correlated, indicating that the unimolecular ATP turnover rate, which is independent of the rate of ATP generation in the steady state, can be calculated for cells energized by ethanol. The estimated turnover rate was 1.5 s-1 at 37 degrees C, which is comparable to that for other bacteria energized by glucose under nongrowing conditions. PMID- 3170480 TI - Structural diversity among methanofurans from different methanogenic bacteria. AB - An examination of the methanofurans isolated from a wide range of methanogenic bacteria and from Archaeoglobus fulgidus has revealed at least five chromatographically distinct methanofurans. Bacteria from each major genus of methanogenic bacteria have been found to contain a chemically different methanofuran. The nature of the differences in the methanofurans appears to lie in the modification of the side chain attached to the basic core structure of 4 [N-(gamma-L-glutamyl-gamma-L-glutamyl)-p-(beta-aminoethyl)phenoxyme thy l]-2 (amino-methyl)furan. This was supported by the structural elucidation of the methanofuran isolated from Methanobrevibacter smithii, designated methanofuran-c, which was the same as the originally characterized methanofuran except for a hydroxy group at the 2 position of the 4,5-dicarboxyoctanedioic acid moiety of the molecule. PMID- 3170481 TI - Complete nucleotide sequence of the Streptomyces lividans plasmid pIJ101 and correlation of the sequence with genetic properties. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of the multicopy Streptomyces plasmid pIJ101 has been determined and correlated with previously published genetic data. The circular DNA molecule is 8,830 nucleotides in length and has a G+C composition of 72.98%. The use of a computer program, FRAME, enabled identification in the sequence of seven open reading frames, four of which, tra (621 amino acids [aa]), spdA (146 aa), spdB (274 aa), and kilB (177 aa), appear to be genes involved in plasmid transfer. At least two of the above genes are predicted to be transcribed by known promoters that are regulated in trans by the products of the korA (241 aa) and korB (80 aa) loci on the plasmid. The segment of the plasmid capable of autonomous replication contains one large open reading frame (rep; 450 aa) and a noncoding region presumed to be the origin of replication. Four other small (less than 90 aa) open reading frames are also present on the plasmid, although no function can be attributed to them. The sequence of the pIJ101 replication segment present in several widely used cloning vectors (e.g., pIJ350 and pIJ702) has also been determined, so that the complete nucleotide sequences of these vectors are now known. PMID- 3170482 TI - Regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis by light in chemostat cultures of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. AB - Control of bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl), magnesium protoporphyrin monomethyl ester (MgPME), cytochromes, and coproporphyrin by light was studied with chemostat cultures of Rhodobacter sphaeroides growing at a constant dilution rate. By increasing the growth-limiting light energy flux from 10 to 55 W/m2, specific Bchl contents decreased from 19.3 to 7.9 nmol/mg of protein. This was strictly proportional to a decrease in the ratio of B800-850 to B875 light-harvesting complexes. MgPME levels increased from 1.5 to 5.3 nmol/mg of protein, while cytochrome as well as coproporphyrin levels stayed constant at 0.46 and 1.95 nmol/mg of protein, respectively. Since in chemostat cultures steady-state levels of a product represent the rate of synthesis, these results infer only slight control of the rate-limiting step of total tetrapyrrol formation by light. In substrate-limited cultures MgPME was accumulated when growth and Bchl formation approached substrate saturation. This suggests that light controls a second step, i.e., MgPME conversion, whenever too much precursor is available, owing to the low sensitivity of the initial step of control. MgPME was preferentially localized in a subcellular fraction with high contents of B875 complexes. A second fraction exhibiting increased contents of B800-850 complexes lacked significant levels of MgPME. These results are discussed in terms of localization of Bchl synthesis in the membrane system of R. sphaeroides. PMID- 3170483 TI - Structure and comparative analysis of the genes encoding component C of methyl coenzyme M reductase in the extremely thermophilic archaebacterium Methanothermus fervidus. AB - A 6-kilobase-pair (kbp) region of the genome of the extremely thermophilic arachaebacterium Methanothermus fervidus which encodes the alpha, beta, and gamma subunit polypeptides of component C of methyl coenzyme M reductase was cloned and sequenced. Genes encoding the beta (mcrB) and gamma (mcrG) subunits were separated by two open reading frames (designated mcrC and mcrD) which encode unknown gene products. The M. fervidus genes were preceded by ribosome-binding sites, separated by short A + T-rich intergenic regions, contained unexpectedly few NNC codons, and exhibited inflexible codon usage at some locations. Sites of transcription initiation and termination flanking the mcrBDCGA cluster of genes in M. fervidus were identified. The sequences of the genes, the encoded polypeptides, and transcription regulatory signals in M. fervidus were compared with the functionally equivalent sequences from two mesophilic methanogens (Methanococcus vannielii and Methanosarcina barkeri) and from a moderate thermophile (Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Marburg). The amino acid sequences of the polypeptides encoded by the mcrBCGA genes in the two thermophiles were approximately 80% identical, whereas all other pairs of these gene products contained between 50 and 60% identical amino acid residues. The mcrD gene products have diverged more than the products of the other mcr genes. Identification of highly conserved regions within mcrA and mcrB suggested oligonucleotide sequences which might be developed as hybridization probes which could be used for identifying and quantifying all methanogens. PMID- 3170485 TI - Specificity of pyoverdine-mediated iron uptake among fluorescent Pseudomonas strains. AB - Pyoverdine-mediated iron transport was determined for seven fluorescent Pseudomonas strains belonging to different species. For all strains, cell or cell outer membrane and iron(III)-pyoverdine combinations were compared with their homologous counterparts in uptake, binding, and cross-feeding experiments. For four strains (Pseudomonas putida ATCC 12633, Pseudomonas fluorescens W, P. fluorescens ATCC 17400, and Pseudomonas tolaasii NCPPB 2192), the pyoverdine mediated iron transport appeared to be strictly strain specific; pyoverdine facilitated iron uptake by iron-starved cells and binding of ferripyoverdine to the purified outer membranes of such cells were efficient only in the case of the homologous systems. Cross-feeding assays, in liquid or solid cultures, resulted, however, especially for P. fluorescens ATCC 17400, in some discrepancies compared with uptake and binding assays, suggesting that growth experiments are the least likely to yield correct information on specificity of the pyoverdine-mediated iron transport. For the three other strains (P. fluorescens ATCC 13525, P. chlororaphis ATCC 9446, and P. aeruginosa ATCC 15692), cross-reactivity was demonstrated by the uptake, binding, and cross-feeding experiments. In an attempt to determine which parts of the iron transport system were responsible for the specificity, the differences in amino acid composition of the pyoverdines, together with the differences observed at the level of the iron-sensitive outer membrane protein pattern of the seven strains, are discussed. PMID- 3170484 TI - Selective gene expression during sporulation of Physarum polycephalum. AB - The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of polypeptides synthesized in vitro from poly(A)+ RNA showed that mRNA populations change during sporulation of Physarum polycephalum. The differential hybridization of a cDNA library prepared from poly(A)+ RNA isolated from sporulating cells revealed that of 846 clones, 64 corresponded to sporulation-specific mRNAs. Further analysis demonstrated that these clones contained seven different sequences: three abundant sequences composing 3.2, 1.8, and 1.2% of the library and four other less abundant sequences. It is probable that all the major mRNAs specifically expressed in early stages of sporulation were identified. The most abundant mRNA from this group coded for a hydrophobic protein that contained a signal peptide. This protein is 47% similar to another Physarum protein, which was encoded by the most abundant plasmodium-specific mRNA. The plasmodial mRNA was degraded during sporulation and was replaced by the sporulation mRNA. These two proteins are thus encoded by members of a gene family whose expression is developmentally regulated. PMID- 3170487 TI - Sequence and deletion analysis of the recombination enhancement gene (ref) of bacteriophage P1: evidence for promoter-operator and attenuator-antiterminator control. AB - The ref gene of bacteriophage P1 stimulates recombination between two defective lacZ genes in the Escherichia coli chromosome (lac x lac recombination) and certain other RecA-dependent recombination processes. We determined the DNA sequence of the 5' portion of the ref gene and tested various regions for functionality by inserting DNA fragments lacking increasing amounts of 5' sequence into plasmid and lambda phage vectors and measuring the ability of the constructs to stimulate lac x lac recombination. The region found essential for Ref activity in the absence of external heterologous promoters encodes two presumptive promoters, pref-1 and pref-2, whose -10 regions fall in a nearly perfect 13-base-pair (bp) tandem repeat. The -10 region of the putative pref-1 is part of a phage P1 c1 repressor recognition sequence. The first two ATG codons in the ref reading frame are, respectively, 90 and 216 bp downstream from the putative promoter-operator region. Deletion analysis indicated that translation can initiate at either ATG (although neither is associated with a canonical ribosome-binding sequence) and that the 42 amino acids in between are not indispensable for Ref stimulation of lac x lac recombination. However, the shorter reading frame appears to encode a less active polypeptide. The 91-bp leader region between the putative promoter-operator and the first ATG contains 30 codons in frame with the ref structural sequence, but its frame can be shifted without affecting Ref activity. The leader region ends with an apparent rho independent termination sequence (attenuator). Deletion of 18 bp of early leader sequence drastically reduced Ref activity, even when ref was driven by a heterologous promoter (plac). An 8-bp internal deletion in the putative attenuator sequence relieved this requirement for the early leader sequence. This latter observation, along with nucleotide complementarity between portions of the early leader and attenuator sequences, are consistent with preemption of attenuation by the early leader. PMID- 3170486 TI - DNA sequence of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus catechol 1,2-dioxygenase I structural gene catA: evidence for evolutionary divergence of intradiol dioxygenases by acquisition of DNA sequence repetitions. AB - The DNA sequence of a 1.6-kilobase-pair SalI-KpnI Acinetobacter calcoaceticus restriction fragment carrying catA, the structural gene for catechol 1,2 dioxygenase I, was determined. The 933-nucleotide gene encodes a protein product with a deduced molecular weight of 34,351. The similarly sized Pseudomonas clcA gene encodes catechol 1,2-dioxygenase II, an enzyme with relatively broad substrate specificity and relatively low catalytic efficiency. Comparison of the catA and clcA sequences demonstrated their common ancestry and suggested that acquisitions of direct and inverted sequence repetitions of 6 to 10 base pairs were frequent events in their evolutionary divergence. The catechol 1,2 dioxygenases proved to be evolutionarily homologous with the alpha and beta subunits of Pseudomonas protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase, and analysis of conserved residues in the intradiol dioxygenases revealed conserved histidyl and tyrosyl residues that are probably involved in the ligation of ferric ion in their active sites. PMID- 3170488 TI - Characterization of a second gene involved in bacterio-opsin gene expression in a halophilic archaebacterium. AB - Southern blot analysis and nucleotide sequencing of DNA from three bacterio-opsin deficient mutants of the archaebacterium Halobacterium halobium (M86, W105, and W109) revealed that they each contain an alteration in a region 2,000 to 3,800 base pairs (bp) upstream of the bacterio-opsin gene (bop). Nucleotide sequence analysis of this region, which is also located downstream of the previously characterized brp gene, revealed that it contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 2,022 bp. This 2,022-bp ORF has a start codon which overlaps the stop codon of the brp gene and is read in the same direction. The ORF could encode an acidic protein of 73,334 daltons (674 amino acids) with a predicted secondary structure typical of a soluble protein. Bop mutant M86 contains a 1,883-bp deletion extending from bp 351 of the ORF, to 197 bp beyond the stop codon. Mutant W105 has an ISH2 element integrated at bp 1239 of the ORF, and mutant W109 has an ISH26 element integrated at bp 1889. Our results suggest that the ORF is a gene (designated bat for bacterio-opsin activator gene) involved in bop gene expression. PMID- 3170490 TI - Plasmid DNA from the acetotrophic methanogen Methanosarcina acetivorans. AB - Nine acetotrophic and three methylotrophic strains of methane-producing bacteria were screened for the presence of plasmid DNA. Plasmids were detected in three marine isolates, including Methanosarcina acetivorans. All three plasmids appeared to be similar based on size and restriction site analyses. The plasmid from M. acetivorans, designated pC2A, was approximately 5.1 kilobase pairs in size and was estimated to be present in a low copy number of six plasmids per genome. Multimers were also observed. A restriction map was constructed. The function of this plasmid is cryptic. PMID- 3170491 TI - RNA polymerase as a repressor of transcription in the hut(P) region of mutant Klebsiella aerogenes histidine utilization operons. AB - Mutants of Klebsiella aerogenes able to express the hutUH operon in the absence of positive effectors were isolated and characterized. These mutations improve the hutUH promoter (PUH) by changing the -10 region to match the consensus sequence more closely. These mutations also affect another, oppositely oriented promoter in this region, PC. Although the mutations lie far outside PC, they cause PC to be inactive, apparently because binding of RNA polymerase to the PUH promoter blocks the overlapping PC site. Thus, in the mutants, RNA polymerase bound at the strong (mutant) PUH site effectively repress the PC promoter. PMID- 3170489 TI - Cloning and sequencing of Pseudomonas genes encoding vanillate demethylase. AB - A 2,598-base-pair (bp) SalI-HincII DNA fragment has been cloned which codes for vanillate demethylase, the enzyme responsible for the demethylation of vanillate (3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoate) to protocatechuate (3,4-dihydroxybenzoate). Complementation and insertional inactivation experiments have shown that this fragment carries two genes (vanA and vanB) which are predominantly cotranscribed from a promoter upstream of vanA. Nucleotide sequencing of the SalI-HincII fragment confirmed the genetic data: two open reading frames of 987 and 942 bp were present in the transcribed orientation. These had a very high G + C content in the third base of each codon, which is characteristic of Pseudomonas chromosomal genes. Expression of the genes in Escherichia coli with the T7 RNA polymerase-promoter system gave rise to two polypeptides of 36 and 33 kilodaltons which could be identified by deletion analysis as the products of vanA and vanB, respectively. A search of the protein sequence data bank indicated that the vanB gene product was related to the ferredoxin family. PMID- 3170493 TI - Triiodothyronine potentiation of the antidepressant effect of phenelzine. AB - Two patients with depression that was refractory to tricyclic antidepressant therapy alone and in combination with lithium or triiodothyronine (T3) were treated with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine. In both cases, the addition of T3 potentiated the antidepressant response to phenelzine. These observations suggest that thyroid hormone potentiation may not be specific to one class of antidepressant drugs. PMID- 3170492 TI - Clinical correlates of ECT-resistant depression in the elderly. AB - Clinical findings in a group of 11 patients who failed to respond to at least one course of antidepressant (usually tricylic) treatment and at least seven bilateral electroconvulsive treatments (ECTs) were compared with the findings in a group of 19 patients with similar sociodemographic characteristics who were responsive to ECT. The major correlates of ECT nonresponse were onset of physical illness during the index episode, fewer life events preceding the onset of the index episode, and a higher frequency of preceding depressive episodes of longer duration in the nonresponder group. PMID- 3170494 TI - Apparent complex partial seizures in a bipolar patient after withdrawal of carbamazepine. AB - A 64-year-old woman with long-standing bipolar illness was treated with carbamazepine and clonazepam with minimal success. Discontinuation of carbamazepine and clonazepam was followed by episodic amnesia, purposeless behavior, deja vu, and confusion. Although her EEG was normal, the episodes were compatible with complex partial seizures and ceased after carbamazepine and clonazepam were reinstituted. This case raises the question of whether discontinuing carbamazepine and clonazepam can induce complex partial seizures in bipolar patients. PMID- 3170496 TI - Consequences of anxiety. PMID- 3170495 TI - Aggression management. PMID- 3170498 TI - Anxiety and physical illness. AB - The subjective experience of anxiety frequently signals a person's unfulfilled attempts to manage recent environmental or internal challenges. The consequences of stress-related anxiety can be found in most of the body systems: cardiovascular disorders, gastrointestinal ailments, problems with the reproductive system, dermatologic disorders, and autoimmune disturbances--all have been shown to be greatly influenced by anxiety. In addition, studies of hostages and prisoners of war indicate that a person's reactions to extreme stress are predictive of his or her future physical and mental health. Thus, extreme stress-related anxiety must be identified and treated early to protect the patient from a lifetime of chronic illness. PMID- 3170497 TI - Anxiety and sexual dysfunction. AB - Anxiety is a major factor in the etiology of sexual dysfunction. Anxiety concerning sexual performance or relationship issues, such as intimacy and partner rejection, is also the critical element in sexual avoidance patterns. In susceptible patients the intensity of sexual anxiety can reach panic proportions. When those patients seek sexual therapy, their underlying panic disorder often goes undiagnosed and untreated. Many treatment failures with sexaphobic patients can be attributed to the failure on the part of the clinician to detect and treat underlying panic disorders. The prognosis for patients with the dual diagnosis of sexual dysfunction and panic disorder improves significantly with the combined use of psychosexual therapy and antipanic drugs that allow highly anxious patients to cooperate with and to benefit from treatment. PMID- 3170499 TI - Distinguishing normal fears from abnormal anxiety. PMID- 3170500 TI - Predictors of early suicide: identification and appropriate intervention. AB - The ability to assess the risk of patient suicide and to determine the appropriate and timely intervention is a critical skill for psychiatrists. Data from an ongoing prospective investigation evaluating the suicide risk in patients with major affective disorders have identified several heretofore unrecognized factors as highly correlated with early suicide. The risk factors associated with early suicide--that is, suicide within a year of the diagnosis of major affective disorder--include anhedonia, psychic anxiety (as demonstrated both clinically and by elevated 24-hour 17-hydroxycorticosteroid), panic attacks, depressive turmoil, and moderate alcohol abuse. Recognition and identification of those risk factors, coupled with effective treatment strategies, may help the clinician prevent imminent suicides in high-risk patients. PMID- 3170501 TI - Kinetic studies on the binding of gostatin, a suicide substrate for aspartate aminotransferase, with the isoenzymes from porcine heart mitochondria and cytosol. AB - The reaction of pig heart mitochondrial and cytosolic aspartate aminotransferases (abbreviated to mAspAT and cAspAT, respectively) with an enzyme-suicide substrate (mechanism-based inhibitor), gostatin (5-amino-2-carboxyl-4-oxo-1,4,5,6 tetrahydropyridine-3-acetic acid) was studied kinetically, by following the spectral change with a micro-stopped-flow apparatus, as well as the inactivation of the enzyme activity. No significant difference in kinetic behavior was observed between mAspAT and cAspAT. From the analysis of time-dependent spectral change, no positive evidence for the existence of spectrophotometrically distinguishable intermediates was obtained. Both the spectral change and the inactivation followed, at least in appearance, simple bimolecular association kinetics, under the conditions studied. However, the second-order rate constant of the spectral change was found to be 1.5 to 2 times as large as that of the inactivation. The effects of pH and temperature on k(on) (the second-order rate constant of the spectral change) were also studied. PMID- 3170502 TI - Specific binding of mitochondrial protein precursors to liposomes containing cardiolipin. AB - In vitro synthesized precursors of several mitochondrial proteins, including P 450(SCC), adrenodoxin, and malate dehydrogenase, bound to liposomes prepared from mitochondrial phospholipids, but not to those from microsomal phospholipids. When liposomes were prepared from various pure phospholipids, adrenodoxin precursor was bound only to the liposomes that contained cardiolipin. The liposomes containing other phospholipids did not show the binding affinity for the precursor. The binding was observed only with the precursor peptides of adrenodoxin and malate dehydrogenase, and their mature forms were not bound to the liposomes. The binding of the precursors was dependent on the concentration of cardiolipin in the liposomes. Liposomes containing various cardiolipin derivatives with modified polar head groups showed very different binding affinity for adrenodoxin precursor, suggesting the importance of the structure of the polar head of the cardiolipin molecule. Two or three positively charged amino acid residues in the extension peptide of P-450(SCC) precursor were replaced by neutral amino acid residues by site-directed mutagenesis. The mutated P-450(SCC) precursors did not bind to the liposomes containing cardiolipin. The results indicated that mitochondrial protein precursors have specific affinity for cardiolipin, and the affinity was due to the interaction between the extension peptides of the precursors and the polar head of the cardiolipin molecule. PMID- 3170503 TI - Amino acid sequence of a coagulant enzyme, flavoxobin, from Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom. AB - The amino acid sequence of a coagulant enzyme, named flavoxobin, isolated from the venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis (the habu snake) was determined by sequencing the S-pyridylethylated derivative of the protein and its peptides generated by chemical (cyanogen bromide and hydroxylamine) and enzymatic (clostripain, Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, Achromobacter protease I, and elastase) cleavages. Hydrazinolysis was also employed to determine the C-terminal amino acid. The enzyme consisted of 236 amino acids and had a calculated molecular weight of 25,744. Flavoxobin was found to be highly (69%) homologous in sequence to batroxobin, a coagulant enzyme from the venom of Bothrops atrox, and 27, 39, and 31% homologous to bovine thrombin, bovine trypsin, and human kallikrein, respectively. The sequence around the active site serine residue deduced from the homology relationship was Phe-Asp-Ser-Gly-Thr, which is different from the common sequence, Gly-Asp-Ser-Gly-Gly, for most serine proteases. Flavoxobin appears to be similar in secondary structure composition to batroxobin. PMID- 3170505 TI - Interaction of alkali light chain 1 with the isolated 20-kilodalton fragment of myosin subfragment-1 heavy chain and F-actin. AB - The binding of one of the alkali light chains of myosin, A1, with the isolated renatured 20-kDa fragment of myosin subfragment-1 heavy chain was demonstrated by means of difference UV absorption spectroscopy. The difference spectrum with either rabbit or chicken A1 showed two characteristic peaks at 279 and 287 nm indicating a perturbation of tyrosyl chromophores by the association with the 20 kDa fragment. The delta epsilon at 287 nm increased with an increase in the molar ratio of A1/20-kDa fragment and reached a maximum value at around equimolar ratio. The maximum delta epsilon value was approximately three times larger with rabbit A1 than with chicken A1. Based on the positions of Tyr residues in the amino acid sequences, the contact surface of A1 with myosin heavy chain was concluded to be spread over a large area of A1. The binding of 20-kDa fragment with F-actin was measured by following the increase in turbidity. The affinity appeared to increase several times in the presence of A1. A1 may possibly control the affinity of myosin for actin. PMID- 3170504 TI - Structure of 6-deoxytalose-containing polysaccharide from the cell wall of Bifidobacterium adolescentis. AB - The isolation and analysis of the cell wall and the polysaccharide-glycopeptide complexes of Bifidobacterium adolescentis YIT4011 are presented. Polysaccharide glycopeptide complexes, PS-GP1 and PS-GP2, were solubilized from the cell wall by treatment with N-acetylmuramidase. PS-GP1 and PS-GP2 were found to be composed of glucose, 6-deoxytalose and a small amount of glycopeptide. The products of Smith degradation of the PS-GPs had no glucose-containing fraction, but were composed of 1,2/1,3-linked 6-deoxytalose. Furthermore, a second Smith degradation of this fraction yielded trisaccharide-glyceraldehyde. These results and methylation analysis led to the conclusion that PS-GP1 or 2 has a repeating unit of--- 3)6dTal(beta 1----3)6dTal(beta 1----3)6dTal(beta 1----2)-6dTal(alpha 1--- 2)6dTal(alpha 1----2)6dTal(alpha 1-, and that glucose residues are linked to position C-3 of the 2-O-substituted 6-deoxytalose residues. PMID- 3170506 TI - Roles of the respiratory Na+ pump in bioenergetics of Vibrio alginolyticus. AB - Bioenergetic characteristics of Na+ pump-defective mutants of a marine bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus were compared with those of the wild type and revertant. Generation of membrane potential and motility at pH 8.5 in the mutants were completely inhibited by a proton conductor, carbonylcyanide m chlorophenylhydrazone, whereas those in the wild type or revertant were resistant to the inhibitor. Motility and amino acid transport were driven by the electrochemical potential of Na+ not only in the wild type or revertant but also in the mutants. In the absence of the proton conductor, motility and amino acid transport of the mutants did not significantly differ from those of the wild type or revertant even at pH 8.5, where the Na+ pump has maximum activity. Therefore, the electrochemical potential of Na+ in the mutants seemed to be maintained at a normal level by a respiration-dependent H+ pump and Na+/H+ antiporter. On the other hand, growth of the mutants became defective as the medium pH increased, especially on minimal medium. These results indicate that the Na+ pump is an important energy-generating mechanism when nutrients are limited at alkaline pH. PMID- 3170507 TI - Different fine binding specificities of monoclonal antibodies to disialosylganglioside GD2. AB - The fine structural specificities of six monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to ganglioside GD2, GalNAc beta 1----4(NeuAc alpha 2----8NeuAc alpha 2----3)Gal beta 1----4Glc-Cer, were studied. The binding specificities of these MAbs were found to differ from each other by virtue of their binding to structurally related authentic standard glycolipids as revealed by three different assay systems, including enzyme immunostaining on thin-layer chromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immune adherence inhibition assay. The MAbs examined could be divided into three binding types. MAbs A1-201, A1-410, and A1-425 bound specifically to ganglioside GD2 and none of the other gangliosides tested. Two other MAbs (A1-245 and A1-267) reacted not only with GD2, but also with several other gangliosides having the sequence NeuAc alpha 2----8NeuAc alpha 2----3Gal (GD3, GD1b, GT1a, GT1b, and GQ1b). The reactivities with these gangliosides varied to some degree. In addition, these MAbs were found to react with both GD3(NeuAc-NeuAc) and GD3(NeuGc-NeuAc), but not with GD3(NeuAc-NeuGc) or GD3(NeuGc NeuGc). The last MAb (A1-287) also reacted with several other gangliosides but with lower avidity than A1-245 and A1-267. These findings suggest that each MAb to ganglioside GD2 may have an individual binding specificity and avidity. These MAbs represent potentially useful reagents for analyzing the function of GD2 on cell surface membranes, and provide a system for precisely studying the interactions between an anti-ganglioside antibody and the binding epitope of the antigenic determinant. PMID- 3170508 TI - Purification, crystallization, and characterization of peroxidase from Coprinus cinereus. AB - Peroxidase (donor: H2O2 oxidoreductase [EC 1.11.1.7]) was purified from a culture broth of an inkcap Basidiomycete, Coprinus cinereus S.F. Gray. A single component containing a low amount of carbohydrate was isolated by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose and crystallized from ammonium sulfate solution. The enzyme is an acidic protein (pI 3.5) and consists of a single polypeptide chain having the molecular weight of 41,600 daltons. The enzyme contains one protohemin per molecule and exhibits the characteristic absorption, circular dichroism, and magnetic circular dichroism spectra of a heme-protein. The Coprinus peroxidase forms two characteristic intermediate compounds, I and II, and the rate constants for hydrogen peroxide and guaiacol had similar values to those for higher plant peroxidases. The ferric enzyme formed a cyanide compound with a dissociation constant similar to those for higher plant enzyme, but the dissociation constant of the ferrous enzyme-cyanide was large. The chemical composition of Coprinus peroxidase showed 381 amino acid residues, 1 glucosamine, 3 true sugars, 3 calcium, and 1 non-heme iron other than 1 protohemin. The secondary structure of the fungal enzyme was very similar to that of horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 3170510 TI - Interaction of 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase with Reactive Blue 2 and related dyes. AB - Steady-state kinetic analyses suggest that Pseudomonas ochraceae 4-carboxy-2 hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (4-carboxy-2-hydroxy-cis,cis muconate-6-semialdehyde: NADP+ oxidoreductase [EC 1.2.1.45]) functions through an ordered BiBi mechanism. The enzyme binds one NADP+ molecule per subunit with a Kd of 4.8 +/- 0.8 microM. The enzyme is adsorbed to a Blue Sepharose CL-6B column and can be eluted therefrom with reagents having high affinity for the enzyme such as NADP+, NAD+, ATP, and Reactive Blue 2. Equilibrium dialysis and difference spectral titration show the binding of four molecules of Reactive Blue 2 per enzyme subunit. Two of these dye molecules show high-affinity binding with a Kd of 0.03 +/- 0.02 microM. The resulting 1: 2 enzyme-dye complex can be isolated by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-6. The kinetic, spectroscopic, and chromatographic properties of the complex indicate that the dye-binding sites are different from the coenzyme binding site. The other two dye molecules, in contrast, bind loosely with a Kd of 0.8 +/- 0.5 microM to a site overlapping the coenzyme binding site. This is confirmed by the following findings: NADP+ effectively abolishes the difference spectrum associated with the enzyme-dye binding, and the slope of the double reciprocal plot showing the competitive inhibition of the dye (Ki = 0.20 +/- 0.02 microM) with respect to NADP+ linearly depends on the square of the dye concentration. Essentially similar results are also obtained with methoxy Reactive Blue 2 and Reactive Blue 4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170509 TI - Autocrine mechanism of growth of neonatal rat hepatocytes in primary culture. AB - Hepatocytes from neonatal rats of 0 to 3 days old grew actively in primary culture without added serum or growth factors. In these culture conditions, growth of hepatocytes decreased progressively with increase in age of the rats from which they were isolated, and hepatocytes from rats of 2 weeks old showed scarcely any growth. Actively growing hepatocytes were found to secrete a growth factor that promoted their growth and that of Swiss 3T3 cells, but not that of adult hepatocytes. This growth factor in conditioned medium of growing hepatocytes was heat- and acid-stable, but sensitive to trypsin, and had a molecular weight of over 10,000. It did not inhibit the binding of [125I]epidermal growth factor to its receptor, and its growth promoting activity was not inhibited by monoclonal antibody against insulin-like growth factor II. Therefore, it seems to be a new growth factor. These results, together with previous findings (Nakamura, T., Nagao, M., & Ichihara, A. (1987) Exp. Cell Res. 169, 1-14) demonstrated a reciprocal relation between growth and maturation of neonatal hepatocytes during development, like that of adult cells, but indicated that unlike growth of the latter, growth of neonatal cells is induced by an autocrine mechanism. PMID- 3170511 TI - Selective degradation of tumor necrosis factor in sensitive cells, and production of membrane-active substance. AB - The mode of action of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was studied. On treatment of TNF-sensitive L929 cells with radioiodinated TNF, the TNF molecule was found to be internalized into the cells and extensively degraded. On treatment of TNF insensitive embryonic fibroblast cells with TNF, less TNF was internalized and it was not degraded appreciably. The L929 cells excreted the degradation products of TNF into the culture medium, and this medium showed activity for degradation of liposomes composed of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine. The sensitive cells may contain some specific proteinase that cleaves TNF molecules. PMID- 3170512 TI - Trimethylamine N-oxide respiration by aerobic photosynthetic bacterium, Erythrobacter sp. OCh 114. AB - Erythrobacter sp. OCh 114, an aerobic photosynthetic bacterium, had trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) reductase activity, which increased when the culture medium contained TMAO. The reductase was located in the periplasm. The bacteria grew anaerobically in the presence of TMAO. These results suggested that Erythrobacter OCh 114 has the ability to reduce TMAO through the respiratory chain. The TMAO respiration system of this organism was different from those of facultative purple photosynthetic bacteria in two respects: (a) TMAO reductase did not have activity to reduce dimethyl sulfoxide and (b) soluble c-type cytochrome, cytochrome c551, and cytochrome b-c1 complex appeared to be involved. The photochemical activity, which is usually inoperative in the anaerobic cell suspension, was restored by TMAO, suggesting that the photosynthesis and the TMAO respiration share a common electron transfer chain. PMID- 3170513 TI - Multiple forms of growth inhibitors secreted from cultured rat liver cells: purification and characterization. AB - It was found that a non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line from the liver of a Buffalo-strain rat (BRL) secreted into the culture medium various inhibitors of the growth of BRL and RSV-BRL (tumorigenic BRL transformed by infection of Rous sarcoma virus). The secreted inhibitors were classified into two types: one inhibited the growth of BRL to a greater extent than that of RSV-BRL (non tumorigenic BRL growth inhibitor, NGI), and the other, vice versa (tumorigenic BRL growth inhibitor, TGI). Two NGI (NGI-I and NGI-II) and two TGI (TGI-I and TGI II) were highly purified from the serum-free conditioned medium. In sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without 2-mercaptoethanol, NGI I and II gave protein bands with molecular weights (Mr) of 56,000 and 21,000, respectively. TGI-I and II gave a band that migrated faster than bromophenol blue marker dye, but they did not pass through an ultrafiltration membrane with an Mr cutoff of 5,000. In the presence of a reducing reagent, only NGI-II showed a decrease of Mr, from 21,000 to 11,000. NGI and TGI showed 50% growth inhibition with BRL and RSV-BRL, respectively, at 5-15 ng/ml in the medium containing 10% fetal calf serum. NGI and TGI all were stable to 1 M acetic acid (pH 2.3) and 6 M urea, but labile to 5 mM dithiothreitol or trypsin. Of the eight cell lines tested, NGI-I was most effective on BRL, NGI-II on BRL and HSC-3 (human tongue squamous carcinoma), and both TGI-I and II on RSV-BRL. PMID- 3170514 TI - Purification and characterization of NADP+-dependent 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from mouse liver cytosol. AB - A monomeric 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase with a molecular weight of 34,000 was purified to apparent homogeneity from mouse liver cytosol. The enzyme catalyzed the reversible oxidation of the 3 alpha-hydroxy group of C19-, C21-, and C24-steroids, reduced a variety of carbonyl compounds, and was inhibited by SH-reagents, synthetic estrogens, anti-inflammatory drugs, prostaglandins, and delta 4-3-ketosteroids. Although these properties are similar to those of the enzyme from rat liver cytosol, the mouse enzyme exhibited low dehydrogenase activity toward benzene dihydrodiol and some alicyclic alcohols, it showed a strict cofactor specificity for NADP(H), and high substrate inhibition was observed in the reverse reaction. In addition, dexamethasone, deoxycorticosterone, and medroxyprogesterone acetate inhibited the mouse enzyme competitively at low concentrations and noncompetitively at high concentrations, whereas hexestrol, indomethacin, and prostaglandin A1 were competitive inhibitors. Steady-state kinetic measurements in both directions indicated that the reaction proceeds through an ordered bi bi mechanism with the cofactors binding to the free enzyme. The 3-ketosteroid substrates inhibited the enzyme uncompetitively at elevated concentrations, suggesting that the substrates bind to the enzyme.NADPH complex and to the enzyme NADP+ complex. PMID- 3170515 TI - Altered glycosylation is induced in both alpha- and beta-subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin produced by choriocarcinoma. AB - The two subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) purified from the urine of a patient with choriocarcinoma were successfully separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A comparative study of the oligosaccharides released from the two subunits by hydrazinolysis revealed that altered glycosylation occurs in both subunits and possibly at all four asparagine sites of the choriocarcinoma hCG molecule. PMID- 3170516 TI - L-alanine: 4,5-dioxovalerate aminotransferase from Pseudomonas riboflavina: purification and inactivation by methylglyoxal. AB - L-Alanine:4,5-dioxovalerate aminotransferase, which catalyzes transamination between L-alanine and 4,5-dioxovalerate to yield delta-aminolevulinate and pyruvate, has been purified from Pseudomonas riboflavina IFO 3140. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 190,000 and consisted of four identical subunits. It was crystallized as pale yellow needles. The enzyme used L-alanine (relative activity 100), beta-alanine (39), and L-ornithine (14) as amino donors. gamma aminobutyrate (55) and epsilon-aminocaproate (34) were also effective as amino donors. The reaction proceeded according to a ping-pong mechanism and the Km values for L-alanine and 4,5-dioxovalerate were 1.7 and 0.75 mM, respectively. The activity of the enzyme is strongly inhibited by pyruvate, hemin, and methylglyoxal. Methylglyoxal interacted with the enzyme and brought about a complete inactivation. PMID- 3170518 TI - Amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal half-molecules of ovotransferrin: preparation by a novel procedure and their interactions. AB - The amino- (N-) and carboxyl- (C-)terminal half-molecules of ovotransferrin were prepared by a novel procedure. The trypsin-nicked ovotransferrin (Ikeda et al. (1985) FEBS Lett. 182, 305-309), in which the two half-molecules interact non covalently forming a stable dimer, was purified by gel filtration and anion exchange column chromatography. By subsequent cation-exchange chromatography, the nicked form was distinctly separated into an equivalent amount of the N-terminal and C-terminal half-molecules. Analyses of the N-terminal and C-terminal sequences indicated that the N-terminal and C-terminal half-molecules comprised the alignments of residues 1-332 and 342-686 of ovotransferrin, respectively. Anion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, and non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the isolated half-molecules had the ability to re-associate in solution. The contents of alpha-helix and beta sheet of the two half-molecules, as determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectra, were very similar to those of intact ovotransferrin. No prominent alteration in the secondary structure of the two half-molecules was induced by the re-association. PMID- 3170517 TI - Two types of rat gastric mucus glycoprotein subunits. AB - Gastric mucus glycoproteins were extracted with 2% Triton X-100 from rat gastric corpus and antrum and purified by CsCl equilibrium centrifugation. Corpus mucus glycoproteins were degraded into what appeared to be two "subunits" (Mw 4.4 x 10(5) and 6 x 10(6)) by the reduction of disulfide bonds. Papain digestion of the latter produced glycopeptides with a molecular weight of approximately 4.4 x 10(5). This type of subunit had carbohydrate chains with about 9 sugars attached to every 2 amino acid residues. Papain digestion of the former type of subunit revealed no change in the elution profile on Bio-Gel A-15m. This type of subunit had carbohydrate chains with 17-19 sugars attached to every 3 amino acid residues. The subunit of antral mucus glycoproteins was essentially the same as the former type of corpus subunits in molecular weight (Mw 4.4 x 10(5)) and average oligosaccharide chain length. These results suggest that there are two distinct types of mucus glycoprotein subunits in rat stomach. PMID- 3170519 TI - Elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+ is directly evoked by thromboxane A2 in human platelets during activation with collagen. AB - The thromboxane A2 antagonist, ONO-3708, completely inhibited the increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ in human platelets during activation with collagen. Half maximal Ca2+ release and influx required about 3 and 4 nM STA2, a stable thromboxane A2 mimetic, respectively. However, half maximal activation of phospholipase C required about 18 nM STA2. This suggests that thromboxane A2 directly causes Ca2+ mobilization without further activation of phospholipase C during activation of human platelets with collagen. PMID- 3170520 TI - Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in human erythrocytes. AB - The fructose 2,6-bisphosphate concentrations in unwashed, washed, and leukocyte free erythrocytes were compared. The concentration in washed red cells was 31 +/- 15 pmol per ml of cells (mean +/- S.D., n = 6). The concentration in unwashed erythrocytes was at least twofold higher, but the value in washed red cells was not due to leukocyte contamination because it did not decrease further when washed cells were passed through an Imgard column, which would have removed any remaining leukocytes. No platelets were detected among the washed erythrocytes. Thus, the concentration in erythrocytes after washing was ascribed solely to these cells. The fructose 2,6-bisphosphate concentration did not change when the glycolytic activity varied with pH, indicating that this compound is not involved in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in erythrocytes under these conditions. PMID- 3170522 TI - Purification and characterization of a 400-kDa nonhistone chromatin protein that serves as an effective phosphate acceptor for casein kinase II from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - A nonhistone chromatin protein (NHCP) has been purified to homogeneity from a 0.5 M NaCl extract of Ehrlich ascites tumor cell (EAT cell) nuclei as a phosphate acceptor for casein kinase II using ion-exchange column chromatographies and Sephacryl S300 gel filtration. The purified NHCP (approximate Mr = 400,000) was found to be a tetramer of an Mr = 98,000 polypeptide (pI = 6.9) and to have high contents of glycine (15%) and serine (11.6%). This protein (designated as 400-kDa NHCP) was highly phosphorylated by casein kinase II (Mr = 130,000), but not by histone kinase. Casein kinase II phosphorylated only seryl residues of the purified 400-kDa NHCP. The NHCP bound with DNA, but not with RNAs, and the DNA binding ability of the protein was reduced when it was phosphorylated by casein kinase II. Moreover, we found that (a) the 400-kDa NHCP is present in large quantities in malignant mouse cells, such as EAT, EL-4, and Meth-A cells, but only slightly in normal tissues and cells; (b) the protein level is rapidly increased when mouse lymphocytes are treated with recombinant interleukin 2 (T cell growth factor) or concanavalin A; and (c) the kinase responsible for the 400 kDa NHCP phosphorylation in the chromatin of various mouse cells is a casein kinase II. These experimental results suggest that the 400-kDa NHCP acts as an effective phosphate acceptor for casein kinase II at the chromatin level and that an increased phosphorylation of the protein by the kinase may be implicated in the progress of cell differentiation and proliferation. PMID- 3170521 TI - Stability and transformation of the glucocorticoid receptor under acidic conditions. AB - The [3H]triamcinolone acetonide ([3H]TA)-binding ability of the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was investigated under acidic conditions, ranging from pH 2 to 7.3. Both in the presence and absence of 10 mM molybdate, the [3H]TA binding ability decreased below pH 6.5 and was almost completely lost below pH 5, pH 5.9 +/- 0.1 giving 50% [3H]TA-binding. The binding ability was recovered when the pH of the cytosol was reversed to 7.3 or the precipitate obtained on acidification was dissolved in a buffer of pH 7.3. Moreover, in the absence of molybdate, the [3H]TA-GR complexes formed at pH 7.3 remained unchanged until pH 5. Then they decreased, pH 3.9 +/- 0.1 giving 50% binding, and completely disappeared at pH 3. [3H]TA-binding activity recovered from the precipitate also decreased in a similar pH region (a 50% decrease in binding being observed at pH 4.2 +/- 0.04). These results suggest that rat liver GR is rather resistant under acidic conditions and that it exists in a peculiar state below pH 5.9 to approximately 4 as to its ligand binding property: unoccupied GR has no [3H]TA binding ability but [3H]TA-GR complexes once formed at neutral pH do not dissociate. [3H]TA-GR complexes recovered from the precipitate at pH 5 had a Stokes radius of 7.5 nm, little DNA-cellulose-binding ability and sedimented at 8.6S on glycerol gradient centrifugation, indicating that the receptor existed in a nontransformed state. In addition, both occupied and unoccupied GR were transformed at about pH 4, their being 50% transformation. This transformation was accompanied by irreversible denaturation of the receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170523 TI - Structures of sugar chains of ricin D. AB - The toxic lectin, ricin D, contains mannose, fucose, xylose, and N acetylglucosamine as sugar components. Sugar chains are linked to Asn-10 of the A chain, and to Asn-95 and Asn-135 of the B-chain (Funatsu, G. et al. (1978) Agric. Biol. Chem. 42, 501-503; Araki, T. & Funatsu, G. (1985) FEBS Lett. 191, 121-124). Asparagine-linked sugar chains of each glycopeptide from ricin D were liberated by hydrazinolysis followed by N-acetylation. The reducing end residues of the sugar chains were coupled with 2-aminopyridine and the pyridylamino (PA-) derivatives obtained were purified by gel-filtration and reversed-phase HPLC. Eight main PA-sugar chains were obtained from three glycopeptides and the structures of these sugar chains were determined by component analysis, stepwise exoglycosidase digestions, partial acetolysis, and 500 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The results show that oligomannose type sugar chains (Man6-7GlcNAc2) are linked to Asn-95; Man5-7 GlcNAc2 and M4X (structure, see below) to Asn-135 of the B chain, and M3FX and M3X to Asn-10 of the A-chain. (Formula: see text). PMID- 3170524 TI - 4-vinyl and 2,4-divinyl deuteration effects on the low frequency resonance Raman bands of myoglobin: correlation with the structure of vinyl group. AB - Resonance Raman spectra of myoglobin (Mb) reconstituted with 4-vinyl and 2,4 divinyl deuterated protoheme IX were studied in several oxidation, spin, and ligation states (deoxyMb, MbO2, MbCO, metMbH2O, and metMbCN-) with special attention to the low frequency vibrations. Frequency shifts observed on deuteration enabled us to assign some Raman bands to vibrations specifically involving the 2- or 4-vinyl group. The most significant deuteration effect was found for a band around 410 cm-1 in the ferrous state, which loses intensity on 4 vinyl deuteration and is ascribed to a porphyrin in-plane vibration strongly coupled with the skeletal bend of the vinyl group at position 4. Such strong coupling implies that the vinyl group lies in the same plane as the pyrrole II ring, as in the crystalline state. Thus, frequency shifts on vinyl deuteration may be useful as a probe of the orientation of the vinyl group. Resonance Raman spectra of Mb coordinated with various sizes of isocyanides are interpreted in terms of vinyl orientational changes induced by ligation. PMID- 3170526 TI - In vitro sequence-specific cleavage in transcribed spacer of mouse precursor ribosomal RNA. AB - When we compared the sequences near four terminal sites of transcripts including two endoribonucleolytic cleavage sites in external transcribed spacer 1 upstream of the 5' end of the mouse 18S rRNA (Mishima, Y., Mitsuma, T., & Ogata, K. (1985) EMBO J. 4, 3879-3886), a seven-nucleotide consensus sequence, GGPyUUGPy (Py is C or U), was obtained. The results of both in vitro pulse-chase experiments and S1 nuclease mappings using the mouse rDNA fragment of the transcription initiation region indicated that ribonucleolytic cleavages take place in the sequence matching the consensus sequence at more than five nucleotides out of the seven positions. Furthermore, effective ribonucleolytic cleavages in vitro were observed in a sequence, GGCUUGU, in the internal transcribed spacer 2 located between 5.8S and 28S rRNA. These results demonstrate that the ribonucleolytic cleavages occur preferentially in the sequence of GGPyUUGPy in the transcribed spacer regions of the mouse pre-rRNA. From this information, we infer the existence of processing steps for the pre-rRNA maturation involving the sequence specific ribonucleolytic cleavages. PMID- 3170527 TI - Glycolipids of metastatic tissue in liver from colon cancer: appearance of sialylated Le(x) and Le(x) lipids. AB - Glycolipids of metastatic tissue in liver from colon cancer were separated by HPLC and their structures were analyzed. Neutral glycolipid was composed of five major components. Four of them showed similar mobilities to GlcCer, LacCer, Gb3Cer, and nLc4Cer on TLC. The structure of the fifth major component was analyzed by exo-glycosidase treatments, 400 mHz proton NMR spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the methylated sugars, and immunostaining on a TLC-plate, and concluded to be (Formula: see text). Ganglioside was composed of two major components. One of them was identical with GM3. The structure of the second ganglioside was analyzed by exo-glycosidase treatment, immunostaining on a TLC-plate, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of methylated sugars, and concluded to be (Formula: see text). These Le(x) and sialyl-Le(x) structure containing lipids accounted for about 12% of the neutral glycolipid fraction and 42% of the ganglioside fraction, respectively. From these results, it appears that the biosynthetic pathway for Le(x) structure-containing lipids is activated in colon cancer. PMID- 3170525 TI - Structures of sugar chains of a p-nitrophenyl acetate-hydrolyzing esterase from the microsomes of rat liver. AB - The structures of sugar chains of a p-nitrophenyl acetate-hydrolyzing esterase from the microsomes of rat liver were established. The enzyme contained mannose and glucosamine as sugar components. Asparagine-linked sugar chains of the esterase were liberated by hydrazinolysis. After N-acetylation of the hydrazinolysate, the reducing ends of the sugar chains were coupled with 2 aminopyridine. Fluorescent pyridylamino (PA-) derivatives of sugar chains thus obtained were purified by gel filtration and reversed-phase HPLC. Eleven PA-sugar chains were obtained. The structures of the PA-sugar chains were first identified by HPLC using two series of separation systems by which 11 PA-oligomannose-type sugar chains with known structures could be separated. Further elucidation of the structures of each PA-sugar chain was performed by exoglycosidase digestions and partial acetolysis. The structures of two of the PA-sugar chains were further confirmed by 500 mHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. PMID- 3170528 TI - Mast cells, elastic fibres and the lamina propria in the hard palate of the rat. AB - The hard palate tissue of four adult Sprague-Dawley rats was serially sectioned para-sagitally and coronally. Stains for collagen, elastic fibres, non-sulphated and sulphated GAG were used. The collagen fibre component of the lamina propria revealed a well ordered structure which in the ante-molar rugae (AMR) split to enclose a core, but in the inter-molar rugae (IMR) passed under the core. Elastic fibres were liberally distributed in the cores of the AMR, running mainly antero posteriorly but much sparser in the IMR. Mast cells and GAG were identified by means of the alcian blue pH 2.5 stain and after mapping them through a microscope tracing tube and quantifying the distribution in AMR no 2, three zones of distribution were observed. The core was the least populated zone and a possible connection with the GAG content is suggested. The fibre and GAG constituents of the AMR suggested that they are structural elements aimed at resisting the demands of function. PMID- 3170529 TI - [Morphometric study of variations related to human aging in pulp unmyelinated and myelinated axons]. AB - The evolution of myelinated and unmyelinated axon population in dental pulps during human aging was followed by electron microscopy and morphometry. A total of 2684 nerve fibers were measured in 16 subjects aged 10 to 72 years. The total distribution is bimodal with a recovering zone of 9.8% between unmyelinated and myelinated fibers. The mean diameter of A delta fibers was 1.96 mu and that of C fibers was 0.52 micron. The old pulps showed a loss of A delta fibers of small sizes (0.35-2 micron), the presence of numerous unmyelinated C fibers of very small diameters (0.1-0.25 micron) and a decrease of unmyelinated fibers of 0.5 to 1 micron comparative to young pulps. The logarithms of the diameters unmyelinated axons varied linearly with that of the subjects ages (CR = 0.63; p = 8, 8.10(-3]. The older the patients, the more the fiber C diameters were reduced. The decrease in numbers of A delta fibers could result from a local reduction of pulpal volume related to age or a response to a more general aging process of cerebral origin. The decrease in diameter of unmyelinated fibers in aging pulps would be a reduction of metabolic energy. PMID- 3170530 TI - Studies on the interaction between sodium lauryl sulfate and hydroxyapatite using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. AB - The interaction between sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and hydroxyapatite (HA) was studied by using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption isotherms to HA and enamel were also established. The results obtained by infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that there was no direct evidence of hydrocarbon interactions between the two compounds since the (CH2)n signal remained unchanged. In contrast reacted mixtures of SLS and HA showed a disappearance of absorption bands between 1220 and 1260 due to stretching of S = 0 bonds. This indicates that the sulfate groups interacted with the HA-crystal surface. Treatment of HA-powder and dental enamel with different concentrations of 35S-labelled SLS showed saturation patterns with a maximum of 3.5 micrograms/mg HA and a maximum of 0.68 microgram/mm2 enamel. This study showed that SLS binds to HA through the sulphate groups and that the binding is most likely electrostatic in nature; the interaction mediated between SLS molecules and calcium ions distributed in the hydration layer of the enamel. PMID- 3170531 TI - Fluoride uptake and inhibition of intra-oral demineralization, following the application of varnishes with different concentrations of fluoride. AB - The relationship between the amount of fluoride acquired by human enamel after varnish application and the resulting inhibition demineralization of is presented and discussed. Intact human enamel was pretreated with Fluor Protector varnishes with differing fluoride contents (0.7; 0.1; 0.05 and 0 wt% F-) for 24 hours. In a first experiment the amount of fluoride acquired after application was determined. In a second experiment the pretreated enamel was stored intra-orally under constant plaque coverage, in order to create a substantial demineralization challenge. The protection against demineralization, induced by the various varnishes was determined four months after varnish application using microradiography. Under the cariogenic conditions created in this study, the fluoride containing varnishes induced a protection of 53-75%. Although the amount of fluoride uptake was strongly related to the fluoride content in the varnishes, no statistically significant difference in demineralization inhibition between the varnishes was observed. SEM investigation of the enamel lesions revealed globular precipitates inside the fluoridated enamel, presumably consisting of calcium fluoride-like material. The present study indicates that the fluoride content in Fluor Protector varnishes can be decreased without reducing its ability to inhibit demineralization. PMID- 3170532 TI - Fluoride distribution in the enamel of the mesio-lingual cusps of pairs of erupted and unerupted third molars of man with a low fluoride background. AB - The enamel fluoride concentrations at different depths were determined at 5 different sites on the mesio-lingual cusps of 16 pairs of erupted and unerupted third molars. Six successive acid etchings were done on each of the 5 sites. The 16 subjects (18 to 33 years) were living continuously since birth in a low fluoride area (F less than 0.10 ppm). They did not take any systemic fluoride since birth nor did they practise any other anti-caries fluoride program than brushing their teeth once or twice a day with fluoride-containing dentrifrices with about 1,000 ppm fluoride. The fluoride level in the etch solution was measured with the use of an adapted fluoride selective electrode. Statistically significant differences (p less than 0.05) were found in the mean etch depth between the erupted and unerupted molars, to a depth of approximately 5 micron. The mean enamel fluoride concentrations of the erupted and unerupted molars also differed significantly to a depth of approximately 5 micron. There was no influence of fluoride from the oral environment on enamel levels of approximately 10 micron and deeper. Over an exposure period of 1 to 16 years, sixty percent more enamel fluoride (at a depth of approximately 2 micron) was found in the erupted enamel relative to the unerupted enamel (with a low background fluoride) as a result of tooth brushing with fluoride-containing dentifrices. More enamel fluoride was found near the incisal edge than near the cervical margin of 14 of the 16 subjects independently of the age of the subjects. PMID- 3170533 TI - The effect of fluoride containing toothpastes on sound human enamel in vivo during 3 weeks. AB - The F- uptake in vivo in sound human enamel from fluoridated toothpastes is described. Ten participants brushed for about 1 min twice a day, four enamel specimens in a dental appliance over three week periods. The enamel specimens were prepared so that only the right hand side of the enamel was positioned in the appliance; the left hand side being used as a control. The toothpastes all used hydrate silica as the abrasive and contained either 0.1 ppm F- as nicomethanolhydrofluoride, 1100 ppm F- as NaF or 1350 ppm F- as NaF/MFP. After three weeks brushing with the pastes in vivo the F- contents of three thin layers of enamel were determined in all specimens by means of acid etching. The results showed that 1) there were no statistically significant differences between the mean F- contents of the enamel (p less than 0.05), which were comparable, before and after three weeks brushing in vivo. This observation was independent of the toothpaste employed, 2) in the outer approximately 1.5 micron layer of human enamel there was an equilibrium F- level of about 1200 ppm. The microhardness data on polished enamel specimens showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the mean indentation lengths produced in control specimens and these made in specimens after the use of a placebo toothpaste (0.1 ppm F-) in vivo indentation lengths of all specimens brushed with any of the fluoridated toothpastes for three weeks showed, however, a statistically significant decrease of indentation length and thus an increased hardness. PMID- 3170534 TI - Coordinate changes in fast thin filament and Z-line protein expression in the early response to chronic stimulation. AB - The early response to chronic low frequency stimulation is characterized by coordinate changes in fast thin filament and Z-line protein expression prior to the expression of slow contractile proteins. Within the first 3 weeks of intervention there is 1) a transition from expression of the fast troponin (Tn) Ts TnT1f and TnT2f to expression of TnT3f, 2) a parallel change in Z-line protein expression in which alpha-actinin1f/s becomes predominant, and 3) a small but significant increase in the levels of the beta-tropomyosin (Tm) subunit. The timing of these changes coincides with the conversion to thick Z-lines, and the kinetics of changes in fast TnT and alpha-actinin isoforms suggests that the expression of TnT3f with alpha-actinin1f/s and a combination of alpha beta and beta 2-Tm, which we have designated the TnT3f program, is coordinated. Because fast fibers expressing TnT3f with alpha beta and beta 2-Tm, like slow fibers, exhibit a more graded response to calcium (Schachat, F.H., Diamond, M.S., and Brandt, P.W. (1987) J. Mol. Biol., 198, 551-555), this change appears to be an adaptive response, illustrating the contribution of isoform diversity to the physiological plasticity of fast skeletal muscle and indicating that expression of the TnT3f program may be an intermediate phase in the conversion from a fast to a slow molecular phenotype. PMID- 3170535 TI - Complex formation between methylamine dehydrogenase and amicyanin from Paracoccus denitrificans. AB - Two proteins isolated from Paracoccus denitrificans, the copper-containing electron carrier amicyanin and the pyrroloquinoline quinone-containing enzyme methylamine dehydrogenase, have been shown to form a complex. Complex formation between methylamine dehydrogenase and either oxidized or reduced amicyanin resulted in alterations in the absorbance spectrum of the pyrroloquinoline quinone prosthetic group of methylamine dehydrogenase. Binding of amicyanin to the enzyme exhibited positive cooperativity. Complex formation with methylamine dehydrogenase shifted the oxidation-reduction midpoint potential of amicyanin by 73 mV, from +294 to +221 mV, making electron transfer from amicyanin to cytochrome c551 (Em = +190 mV) thermodynamically possible. PMID- 3170536 TI - Protection of phosphoglycerate kinase against in vitro aging by selective cysteine methylation. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated that the aging effects in phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) may be simulated in vitro by prolonged incubation of the enzyme under nonreducing conditions followed by reduction with excess 2-mercaptoethanol. The simulated-old enzyme thus produced appears to be identical to native old PGK and, like the latter enzyme, may be successfully rejuvenated by an unfolding refolding procedure. A model for PGK aging was proposed in which initial and reversible oxidation of the enzyme is followed by conformational modifications that persist after the enzyme is re-reduced. The role of specific cysteine oxidation in the initial step of PGK aging was tested in the present study by selectively methylating the fast-reacting cysteine residues in this enzyme, thus blocking the putative oxidation sites, and producing in vitro a young form of PGK that is immune to aging. The methylation was performed by treating the enzyme with excess iodomethane and monitoring the reaction by determining the concentration of unreacted cysteines in the enzyme as a function of time. Unmethylated controls were incubated similarly but in the absence of iodomethane. The methylated as well as control samples of PGK were subsequently incubated under conditions which caused native young PGK to develop the age-related effects and become identical to native old PGK. In contrast, the methylated enzyme remained identical to young PGK. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that cysteine oxidation is an essential step in the aging of rat muscle phosphoglycerate kinase. PMID- 3170537 TI - Two different carriers transport both ammonium and methylammonium in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AB - A new methylammonium-resistant mutant strain from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, henceforth termed 2172 (ma-2), has been isolated. This mutant is affected in a single mendelian gene different from and linked to the ma-1 locus which is defective in the methylammonium-resistant mutant 2170. Both mutations in ma-1 (2170) and ma-2 (2172) are linked to the nit-1 gene coding for the nitrate reductase apoenzyme. Mutant 2172 is affected in methylammonium but not in ammonium uptake capacity and shows derepressed nitrate and nitrite reductase activities in media containing nitrate plus methylammonium but not in nitrate plus ammonium media. The following two enzymatic components for the transport of both ammonium and methylammonium in wild-type cells have been identified: component 1, with high Vmax and K values, which is constitutive, and component 2, with low Vmax and K values, which is ammonium-repressible. Mutant 2170 lacks component 1 whereas mutant 2172 lacks component 2 for both methylammonium and ammonium transport. From genetic and kinetic evidences we conclude that in C. reinhardtii two different carriers are responsible for the transport of both ammonium and methylammonium and that methylammonium (ammonium) transport is a reversible process probably inhibited by the intracellular ammonium which, in turn, regulates nitrate and nitrite reductase levels. PMID- 3170538 TI - The separation of transcriptionally engaged genes. AB - We have developed a method for the separation of transcriptionally engaged chromatin from inactive genes as well as from active genes which are not being transcribed. This approach is dependent upon the integrity of the growing transcript and is reflected in a significant decrease in the density of the chromatin during transcription. The decrease in density appears to be due to an association between the growing transcript and a large zone of lower density, possibly the nuclear matrix. These interactions are preserved after fixation of the nuclear material with formaldehyde. Hormonal induction of transcriptional activity causes a shift of the genetic material for the stimulated gene from the high density domain to the low density region. The vast majority of the polymerase II which is engaged with the chromosomal material is also found in this lower density zone. We find that most of the fast form of histone acetylation occurs on those histones which are associated with the active chromatin, further supporting the idea that this modification is involved in some way with the transcriptional process. The merits of this approach are discussed, as are the possibilities for its further exploitation. PMID- 3170539 TI - Regulation of metabolism and contraction by cytoplasmic calcium in the intestinal smooth muscle. AB - Reduced pyridine nucleotides (PNred) and oxidized flavoproteins (FPox) were measured fluorometrically in the intestinal smooth muscle strip of guinea pig taenia caeci simultaneously with contractile tension. Cytoplasmic free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]cyt) were also measured by a fura-2-Ca2+ fluorescence technique. PNred, FPox, and [Ca2+]cyt increased during spontaneous contraction or upon the addition of high K+ or carbachol and decreased upon the removal of these stimulants. [Ca2+]cyt increased before the increase in muscle tension. PNred increased almost simultaneously with or immediately after the onset of contraction, while FPox increased before the initiation of contraction. Both PNred and FPox decreased a few seconds after the initiation of relaxation. In the K+-depolarized, Ca2+-depleted muscle, graded elevation of external Ca2+ increased PNred, FPox, and muscle tension. The sensitivity to Ca2+ was in the order of FPox greater than PNred greater than muscle tension. Changes in PNred were inhibited when glycolysis was inhibited by substitution of external glucose with oxaloacetate, pyruvate, or beta-hydroxybutylate, but not when oxidative phosphorylation was inhibited by N2 bubbling or by NaCN. In contrast to this, changes in the FPox were inhibited by N2 bubbling or NaCN, but not by the inhibition of glycolysis. These results suggest that an elevation of intracellular Ca2+ activates carbohydrate metabolism and contractile elements independently, resulting in the reduction of cytoplasmic pyridine nucleotides, oxidation of mitochondrial flavoproteins, and development of tension in the intestinal smooth muscle. PMID- 3170540 TI - Heterogeneity of cellular glutathione among cells derived from a murine fibrosarcoma or a human renal cell carcinoma detected by flow cytometric analysis. AB - Monochlorobimane (syn-(ClCH2, CH3)-1,5-diazabicyclo-[3.3.0]-octa-3,6-dione-2,8 dione; mBCl) forms a fluorescent adduct with glutathione (GSH), which has been used as a basis for flow cytometric analysis. While mBCl will react nonspecifically with many different thiols, preferential derivatization of GSH can be achieved by using a low concentration of mBCl, since the reaction with GSH is catalyzed by GSH S-transferase, and the nonenzymatic reaction is very slow (k = 3.3 x 10(-1) M-1 s-1 at 37 degrees C, pH 7.5). The rate of derivatization of cellular GSH can be 1000 times greater than predicted from the nonenzymatic reaction rate, although this factor can vary among cell lines. GSH values obtained by flow cytometry (FCM) agree well with those obtained by an enzymatic assay, over a wide range of GSH values, for EMT6/SF cells treated with L buthionine sulfoximine to vary GSH content. FCM analysis of the GSH content of cells obtained by disaggregation of EMT6/SF tumors, grown in BALB/c mice, revealed a wide variation in single-cell GSH content. The data suggest that there are distinct subpopulations within these tumors, which can be partially characterized by GSH content, but may also have other distinguishing characteristics, such as enhanced sensitivity or resistance to cytotoxic agents. Heterogeneity in single-cell GSH content was also observed by FCM analysis of cells obtained by disaggregation of a biopsy of a human renal cell carcinoma. This result points to the potential value of FCM analysis of GSH in the identification and characterization of human tumor subpopulations which may be of clinical significance in the treatment of cancer by radiation or chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 3170541 TI - Singlet oxygen production from the peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of indole-3 acetic acid. AB - The aerobic oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase produces 1268 nm emission characteristic of singlet oxygen. Lactoperoxidase also oxidizes indole-3-acetic acid to produce singlet oxygen, but in contrast to horseradish peroxidase, this enzyme system requires hydrogen peroxide. In both of these systems, the intensity of the 1268 nm emission is small due to quenching of the singlet oxygen by indole-3-acetic acid and by reaction products derived from indole-3-acetic acid. The biomolecular reaction of peroxyl radicals via a Russell mechanism is a plausible mechanism for the singlet oxygen generation in these systems. Under typical conditions of p2H 4.0, 1 microM horseradish peroxidase, 1 mM indole-3-acetic acid, and 240 microM oxygen, the singlet oxygen yield was 15 +/- 1 microM or 13% of the amount predicted by the Russell mechanism. PMID- 3170542 TI - The beta very low density lipoprotein present in hepatic lipase deficiency competitively inhibits low density lipoprotein binding to fibroblasts and stimulates fibroblast acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase. AB - Beta very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was isolated from a patient with hepatic lipase deficiency. The particles were found to contain apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB) and apolipoprotein E (apoE) and were rich in cholesterol and cholesteryl ester relative to VLDL with pre beta electrophoretic mobility. These particles were active in displacing human low density lipoprotein (LDL) from the fibroblast apoB,E receptor and produced a marked stimulation of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase. Treatment of intact beta-VLDL with trypsin abolished its ability to displace LDL from fibroblasts. Incubation of trypsin treated beta-VLDL with fibroblasts resulted in a significant stimulation of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activity. beta-VLDL isolated from a patient with Type III hyperlipoproteinemia and an apoE2/E2 phenotype had a higher cholesteryl ester/triglyceride ratio than the beta-VLDL of hepatic lipase deficiency and contained apoB48. It displaced LDL from fibroblasts to a small but significant extent. The Type III beta-VLDL stimulated acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase to a level similar to that of trypsin-treated beta-VLDL isolated from the hepatic lipase-deficient patient. These results demonstrate that the cholesterol-rich beta-VLDL particles present in patients with hepatic lipase deficiency are capable of interacting with fibroblasts via the apoB,E receptor and that this interaction is completely due to trypsin-sensitive components of the beta-VLDL. These particles were very effective in stimulating fibroblast acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase. This stimulation was due to both trypsin sensitive and trypsin-insensitive components. PMID- 3170543 TI - Caldesmon. Molecular weight and subunit composition by analytical ultracentrifugation. AB - A wide range of values has been reported for the subunit and molecular weights of smooth muscle caldesmon. There have also been conflicting reports concerning whether caldesmon is a monomer or dimer. We attempted to resolve these uncertainties by determining the molecular weight of chicken gizzard smooth muscle caldesmon using the technique of sedimentation equilibrium in the analytical ultracentrifuge. Unlike previous methods that have been used to estimate the molecular weight of caldesmon, the molecular weight determined by equilibrium sedimentation does not depend upon assumptions about the shape of the molecule. We concluded that caldesmon in solution is monomeric with a molecular mass of 93 +/- 4 kDa, a value that is much less than those previously reported in the literature. This new value, in conjunction with sedimentation velocity experiments, led to the conclusion that caldesmon is a highly asymmetric molecule with an apparent length of 740 A in solution. The mass of a cyanogen bromide fragment, with an apparent mass of 37 kDa from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was determined to be 25.1 +/- 0.6 kDa using sedimentation equilibrium. These results imply that the reported molecular weights of other fragment(s) of caldesmon have also been overestimated. We have determined an optical extinction coefficient for caldesmon (E1%(280 nm) = 3.3) by determining its concentration from its refractive index which was measured in the analytical ultracentrifuge. From the above values of the molecular weight and the extinction coefficient, we redetermined that the caldesmon molecule has two cysteines and recalculated the stoichiometric molar ratio of actin/tropomyosin/caldesmon in the smooth muscle thin filament to be 28:4:1. PMID- 3170544 TI - Phospholipid binding properties of bovine prothrombin peptide residues 1-45. AB - The present study investigates the unique contribution of the NH2-terminal 33 residues of prothrombin, the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain, to the Ca(II) and phospholipid-binding properties of prothrombin. Two Gla domain peptides, 1-42 and 1-45, produced by chymotryptic cleavage of prothrombin fragment 1 (residues 1-156 of the amino terminus of bovine prothrombin) and isolated by anion-exchange chromatography were utilized to characterize the Gla domain of prothrombin. This investigation utilized several experimental approaches to examine the properties of the Gla domain peptides. These studies were somewhat hampered by the metal ion-induced insolubility of the peptides. However, the 1-45 peptide was specifically radioiodinated, which facilitated the study of this peptide at low concentrations. In contrast to prothrombin fragment 1, the intrinsic fluorescence of both 1-42 and 1-45 was not quenched upon the addition of 1 mM Ca(II) or any concentration of Mg(II). Equilibrium dialysis studies revealed that the 1-42 peptide bound three Ca(II) ions noncooperatively, whereas fragment 1 binds seven Ca(II) ions in a positive cooperative manner. Ca(II)-promoted conformational changes are observed by comparison of electrophoretic mobility changes in the presence of increasing Ca(II) concentrations. Prothrombin, fragment 1, and the Gla domain peptides 1-42 and 1 45 exhibited similar electrophoretic mobility behavior in the presence of Ca(II) ions. The radiolabeled 1-45 peptide was found to comigrate with phospholipid vesicles on gel permeation chromatography in the presence of Ca(II). Fragment 1 was shown to inhibit this Ca(II)-dependent phospholipid binding of 1-45, demonstrating that the 1-45 peptide does possess the necessary phospholipid binding structure. Furthermore, a metal ion-dependent conformational monoclonal antibody, F9.29, was inhibited from binding fragment 1 by the 1-42 peptide. PMID- 3170545 TI - Binding of ADP and 5'-adenylyl imidodiphosphate to rabbit muscle myofibrils. AB - The binding of [3H]ADP and [3H]adenyl-5'-yl-imidodiphosphate ([3H]AMP-PNP) to rabbit skeletal myofibrils was measured at 25 and 7 degrees C, mu = 0.12 M, using [14C]mannitol as a volume marker. We found that ADP bound to myosin heads in overlap with a binding constant of about 10(4) M-1, similar to the value we previously obtained in vitro with acto.S-1. The binding of AMP-PNP to myosin heads was measured both in and out of overlap. The affinity of AMP-PNP to the heads out of overlap was similar to that obtained in vitro with S-1 alone. The binding of AMP-PNP to the myosin heads in overlap was much weaker. We could fit these data with a binding constant of about 1 x 10(3) M-1, assuming a single population of cross-bridges and 1 mol of AMP-PNP bound per mol of myosin head. This value was reduced by a factor of 2 when we corrected for nonspecific binding. It was also possible to fit the data assuming two equal populations of cross-bridges with one of the populations binding AMP-PNP about 5-fold more strongly than the other population. Therefore, for at least half of the cross bridges in overlap, the binding of AMP-PNP is almost as weak as the value of 3 x 10(2) M-1 we previously measured for the acto.S-1 complex in vitro (Biosca, J. A., Greene, L. E., and Eisenberg, E. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 9793-9800). PMID- 3170546 TI - Human ornithine-delta-aminotransferase. cDNA cloning and analysis of the structural gene. AB - Ornithine-delta-aminotransferase (OAT) is a nuclear-encoded, mitochondrial matrix enzyme which, in rat, is expressed as basal levels in most tissues but is induced in liver by high dietary protein and in kidney by estrogen and thyroxine administration. In man, the hereditary deficiency of OAT results in ornithine accumulation and the blinding disease gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. We cloned near full length rat and human liver OAT cDNAs and demonstrated OAT expression in a variety of tissues from each species. We mapped the human OAT structural gene to chromosome 10, cloned 40 kilobase pairs of genomic DNA containing the complete OAT structural gene, and determined its organization. It is 21 kilobase pairs in length, and contains 11 exons. Exon 2 has been absent from all cDNAs studied and was detected by homology to X-linked processed OAT pseudogenes. The 5'-flanking region of the OAT gene has features of housekeeping genes (GC enrichment and three Sp1 binding consensus sequences) and tissue specific, inducible genes (TATA box-like element and two CCAAT boxes). A 22-base pair region of partial dyad symmetry containing homology to estrogen responsive elements overlaps the OAT transcription site. Another 5' sequence, GTATCCTGCCCTC, is homologous to sequences in the promoter regions of the genes of three urea cycle enzymes. PMID- 3170548 TI - The multicollisional, obstructed, long-range diffusional nature of mitochondrial electron transport. AB - Data are presented which reveal that ubiquinone (Q)-mediated electron transport is a multicollisional, obstructed, long-range diffusion process, where factors that affect the rate of lateral diffusion also affect the rate of electron transport. Based on fluorescence recovery after photobleaching measurements, it was concluded that Q-mediated electron transport occurs by the random collision of redox components which are independent lateral diffusants, each greater than 86% mobile and diffusing in a common pool. The diffusion process of Q-mediated electron transport is 1) multicollisional since the transfers of reducing equivalents between appropriate redox partners occur with less than 100% collision efficiency; 2) obstructed since its maximal rate as well as the rates of diffusion of all redox components involved vary as a function of the membrane protein density; and 3) long-range since the diffusion of all redox components is protein density-dependent, and the diffusion distance required for Q to catalyze the transfer of a reducing equivalent from Complex II to III must be, on average, greater than 37.6 nm. These findings and other theoretical treatments reveal that measurements of short-range diffusion (less than 10 nm), in which collisions between appropriate redox partners do not occur, on average, and which are not affected by membrane protein density, are irrelevant to the collisional process of electron transport. Thus, the data show that the maximum electron transport rate is dependent on both the diffusion rate and the concentration of the redox components. Sucrose was found to inhibit both the mobility of redox components as well as their electron transport rates. Data presented on the relationships between membrane viscosity, rates of lateral and rotational diffusion, and mobile fractions of redox components do not support rotationally immobile aggregates in the functional inner membrane. The high degree of unsaturated phospholipids and the absence of cholesterol in the bilayer of the native inner membrane reflect a requirement for a low resistance to motion of the redox components to compensate for the multicollisional, obstructive nature of their catalytically important collisions in this membrane. These findings support the Random Collision Model of electron transport in which the diffusion and concentration of redox components limit the maximum rate of electron transport. PMID- 3170547 TI - Occurrence of sulfate in the asparagine-linked complex carbohydrate units of thyroglobulin. Identification and localization of galactose 3-sulfate and N acetylglucosamine 6-sulfate residues in the human and calf proteins. AB - Human thyroglobulin glycopeptides representing the multiple asparagine-linked complex (unit B) carbohydrate units of this protein were found to contain substantial amounts of sulfate (ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 mol/mol of oligosaccharide); this substituent was shown to occur primarily in the form of terminal beta-linked Gal-3-SO4 residues which represent novel capping groups occurring alternatively to sialic acid and in comparable amounts. Upon hydrazine/nitrous acid fragmentation and radiolabeling with NaB3H4, all human unit B DEAE-resolved glycopeptide fractions yielded an acidic disaccharide which was characterized as Gal-3-SO4 beta 1----4-anhydromannitol. Studies on glycopeptides modified by desialylation, desulfation, and beta-galactosidase treatment indicated that the majority (approximately 70%) of the complex carbohydrate units contain sulfate groups and that Gal-3-SO4 and sialic acid residues can coexist in terminal positions on the same N-linked oligosaccharide. In addition to Gal-3-SO4, the most acidic unit B variants were found to contain GlcNAc-6-SO4 which was recovered as Gal beta 1----4-anhydromannitol-6-SO4 after hydrazine/nitrous acid treatment and NaB3H4 reduction. On the basis of chromatography on immobilized concanavalin A, it was determined that whereas the Gal-3-SO4 groups occur on biantennary as well as more highly branched carbohydrate units, GlcNAc-6-SO4 is exclusively present in the latter oligosaccharides. In contrast to the N-linked carbohydrate units, the previously described O-linked glycosaminoglycan chain of human thyroglobulin yielded GlcA beta 1----3-anhydrotalitol-6-SO4 upon hydrazine/nitrous acid/NaB3H4 treatment, indicating that it is a chrondroitin 6-sulfate-like polymer. The distribution of sulfate in the complex oligosaccharides of calf thyroglobulin was quite different from that in the human protein; sulfate was not detectable in most of the glycopeptides and was sequestered in a single multibranched complex-type glycopeptide fraction (1.6 mol of sulfate/mol of oligosaccharide) which contained about equal amounts of Gal-3-SO4 and GlcNAc-6-SO4. The difference in galactose sulfation between human and calf thyroglobulins may be related to the substitution in the latter protein of some of the galactose residues by alpha-D Gal capping groups. PMID- 3170549 TI - Human methylated DNA-binding protein. Determinants of a pBR322 recognition site. AB - Methylated DNA-binding protein (MDBP) from human placenta has a high affinity for a site in pBR322 (pB site 1) when that site is methylated at its CpG dinucleotides. Dimethyl sulfate interference analysis and experiments with ligands prepared by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis indicate that 15 contiguous base pairs, 14 of which exhibit hyphenated dyad symmetry, influence MDBP binding to pB site 1. These 14 base pairs, 5'-RTMGYCAMGG(M/T)GAY-3' (M, 5 methylcytosine), suffice for recognition by MDBP as demonstrated with a double stranded, MpG-containing oligonucleotide used as a free ligand or cloned into M13mp19 and subsequently methylated. Seven single-site mutations at different positions of this 14-base pair region largely eliminated binding, and several others increased binding up to 2-fold when compared to the nonmutant, triply methylated sequence. However, MDBP recognizes a site in hemimethylated M13mp19 replicative form DNA, which was homology to pB site 1 at only 10 of 14 base pairs, and all four of these different base pairs are equivalent to transversions. Based upon the above data, a mixed oligonucleotide probe was constructed that contains variants of pB site 1 which should be recognized by MDBP. This 14-base probe hybridizes under stringent conditions to a number of discrete fragments in restriction digests of human DNA. this suggests that there are multiple pB site 1-related sequences in human DNA that might, when methylated, bind MDBP in vivo. PMID- 3170550 TI - Calcium-binding properties of two high affinity calcium-binding proteins from squid optic lobe. AB - We have studied the calcium-binding properties of two high affinity calcium binding proteins from squid optic lobes: one, squid calmodulin (SCaM), similar to bovine brain calmodulin (BCaM), the other, squid calcium-binding protein (SCaBP), distinct (Head, J.F., Spielberg, S., and Kaminer, B. (1983) Biochem J. 209, 797 802). Equilibrium dialysis measurements on the squid proteins (and BCaM) were made at 100 mM KCl in the presence and absence of 3 mM Mg2+, and at 400 mM KCl in the presence of 3 mM Mg2+, which more closely resembles the conditions in the squid. SCaM, SCaBP, and BCaM each bind a maximum of 4 Ca2+ ions/molecule of protein under the ionic conditions tested. SCaBP has a higher affinity than SCaM or BCaM for Ca2+ at 100 mM KCl in the absence of Mg2+. However, in the presence of Mg2+, half-maximal binding to SCaBP occurs at a similar pCa value to that observed with calmodulin. Increasing the KCl concentration reduces the affinity of all three proteins for Ca2+. UV absorption measurements showed that the binding of 4 Ca2+ ions/molecule is necessary to complete spectral changes in SCaBP, compared to two for the calmodulins. While Ca2+ causes perturbations in aromatic chromophores in SCaM and SCaBP, Mg2+ causes a significant perturbation only in SCaBP. These Mg2+-induced changes differ qualitatively from those induced by Ca2+. PMID- 3170552 TI - Transcriptional analysis of Bacillus subtilis rRNA-tRNA operons. I. The tRNA gene cluster of rrnB has an internal promoter. AB - Although the sequence and organization of many Bacillus subtilis tRNA genes are known, primary transcripts from these regions have not been previously analyzed. In this paper, S1 nuclease mapping, S1-type mapping, and Northern analyses were applied to the end of the 23 S rRNA, the 5 S rRNA, and the 21 tRNA genes of B. subtilis operon rrnB. Primary transcripts from the 5 S rRNA and tRNA genes up to approximately 600-800 nucleotides long were observed with S1-type mapping. The presence of discrete bands of processing intermediates indicated preferred processing points within the initial transcript. S1 nuclease mapping delineated a start point for transcription between the second and third tRNA genes. The -10 sequence was within the 37-base pair spacer region between tRNA genes, and the 35 sequence was within the structural gene for the upstream tRNA. Precursors from this region were evident during midexponential growth and two sporulation stages. Thus, in addition to promotion from the rRNA promoters, 19 of the 21 downstream tRNA genes are also under the control of an internal tRNA gene promoter. The accompanying paper (Vold, B. S., Green, C. J., Narasimhan, N., Strem, M., and Hansen, J. N. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 14485-14490) investigates the minor 5 S rRNA and 16 tRNA genes of another rRNA-tRNA gene set and emphasizes unique promoter elements in that system as well as a potentially unique rRNA processing scheme. PMID- 3170551 TI - Calcium dependence of myosin light chain phosphorylation in smooth muscle cells. AB - Smooth muscle cells grown in culture may provide a model system for studying the Ca2+ dependence of myosin light chain phosphorylation. Tracheal smooth muscle cells in culture had 60% of the myosin content of tracheal tissue. Western analysis with appropriate antibodies demonstrated one 20-kDa light chain and the presence of a 150-kDa myosin light chain kinase in both tracheal smooth muscle tissue and cells. Moreover, tracheal cells contained 74% of the myosin light chain kinase activity measured in tissue. Similar types of analyses of nonmuscle cells showed a much lower myosin and myosin light chain kinase content. Carbachol (10 microM) or ionomycin (10 microM) stimulation of fura-2-containing cells resulted in a rapid increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration and in the extent of myosin light chain phosphorylation. Maximal increases in Ca2+ concentrations were greater with ionomycin than with carbachol (4400 versus 492 nM). Light chain phosphorylation increased after the Ca2+ concentration exceeded 200 nM from control values of 165 nM. Half-maximal phosphorylation (33%) occurred at 260 nM Ca2+. There was a similar relationship between free cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations and the extent of myosin light chain phosphorylation in carbachol- and ionomycin-stimulated cells. This relationship had a Hill coefficient of 2.7. These observations indicate that small changes in Ca2+ concentrations stimulate myosin light chain phosphorylation and thus presumably contraction in smooth muscle cells. PMID- 3170553 TI - Autophosphorylation and autoactivation of spleen protein tyrosine kinase. AB - Incubation of a highly purified bovine spleen protein tyrosine kinase with [gamma 32P]ATP and Mg2+ resulted in a gradual radioactive labeling of the protein kinase (50 kDa) with no change in the protein kinase activity toward angiotensin II. On the other hand, treatment of the protein tyrosine kinase with an immobilized alkaline phosphatase caused essentially complete loss in the kinase activity, which could be restored by incubation of the enzyme with ATP and Mg2+. By using the alkaline phosphatase-treated kinase, time courses of the protein phosphorylation and the enzyme activation were demonstrated to correlate closely. These results indicate that this protein tyrosine kinase relies on autophosphorylation for activity and that the purified enzyme usually exists in a fully phosphorylated state. The radioactive labeling of the purified kinase during incubation with [gamma-32P]ATP resulted from a phosphate exchange reaction: the exchange of [gamma-32P]phosphate of ATP with the protein bound phosphate as previously suggested (Kong, S.K., and Wang, J.H. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 2597-2603). It could be shown that the autophosphorylation of phosphatase-treated tyrosine kinase was strongly inhibited by the substrate angiotensin II, whereas the exchange reaction carried out with untreated tyrosine kinase was not. Autophosphorylation is suggested to be an intermolecular reaction since its initial rate is proportional to the square of the protein concentration. PMID- 3170554 TI - Mechanism of induction of mouse kidney alcohol dehydrogenase by androgen. Androgen-induced stimulation of transcription of the Adh-1 gene. AB - The three alcohol dehydrogenase genes in the mouse are subject to developmental, hormonal, and genetic control as revealed by variation in expression among inbred strains. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism by which androgen regulates the expression of the Adh-1 gene in kidney. In addition, the fold-induction in several inbred strains was examined in a search for possible genetic variation in the induction process, and Adh-1 expression in several tissues was studied. Testosterone treatment of female mice results in a 10-12-fold increase in alcohol dehydrogenase activity and a corresponding increase in the rate of enzyme synthesis accounts for this induction. The induction of Adh-1 mRNA after androgen treatment is sufficient to account for the induction in enzyme synthesis. An increase in Adh-1 transcription accounts for a substantial part of the increase in Adh-1 mRNA level following androgen simulation. This conclusion was reached using nuclear "run-on" assays, in vivo labeling, and a kinetic analysis of Adh-1 mRNA accumulation and loss in response to hormone. This induction requires androgen receptor. The fold induction by androgen of Adh-1 mRNA is similar in eight inbred mouse strains. There is almost a 100-fold variation in Adh-1 mRNA concentrations among various mouse tissues. Tissues with lowest level of expression are brain and heart, while liver and adrenals have the highest content of Adh-1 mRNA. PMID- 3170556 TI - The identification of a normal rat gene located close to the gene for the potential myoepithelial cell calcium-binding protein, p9Ka. AB - The potential calcium-binding protein p9Ka is related to S-100 protein and the vitamin D-dependent intestinal calcium-binding protein. p9Ka accumulates abundantly in cultured rat mammary myoepithelial-like cells but is very much less abundant in the parental cuboidal epithelial cells. p9Ka mRNA is found in normal rat mammary gland, and preliminary experiments suggest that it is found in the mammary myoepithelial cells. A 17-kilobase pair fragment of cloned normal rat DNA contains the gene for p9Ka, but it also contains the gene for two additional polypeptides of molecular mass 6 kDa that are resolved as two isoelectric focusing variants by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. These two isoelectric focusing variants correspond to two abundant polypeptides present in the cultured myoepithelial cells and probably arise from postsynthetic modification of the product of a single gene. The mRNA for the product of this gene and the p9Ka mRNA are both found in the normal rat mammary gland, but these two mRNAs are differentially expressed in certain tumor-derived rat cell lines. PMID- 3170555 TI - HSP70 mRNA translation in chicken reticulocytes is regulated at the level of elongation. AB - During heat shock of chicken reticulocytes the synthesis of a single heat shock protein, HSP70, increases greater than 10-fold, while the level of HSP70 mRNA increases less than 2-fold during the same period. Comparison of the in vivo levels of HSP70 and beta-globin synthesis with their mRNA abundance reveals that the translation of HSP70 mRNA is repressed in normal reticulocytes and is activated upon heat shock. In its translationally repressed state HSP70 mRNA is functionally associated with polysomes based on sedimentation analysis of polysomes from untreated or puromycin-treated cells and by analysis of in vitro "run-off" translation products using isolated polysomes. Treatment of control and heat shocked cells with the initiation inhibitor pactamycin reveals that elongation of the HSP70 nascent peptide is not completely arrested, but is slower in control cells. Furthermore, the inefficient translation of HSP70 mRNA in vivo is not due to the lack of an essential translation factor; HSP70 mRNA is efficiently translated in chicken reticulocyte translation extracts as well as in heterologous rabbit reticulocyte extracts. Our results reveal that a major control point for HSP70 synthesis in reticulocytes is the elongation rate of the HSP70 nascent peptide. PMID- 3170557 TI - Substitution of cysteine for glycine within the carboxyl-terminal telopeptide of the alpha 1 chain of type I collagen produces mild osteogenesis imperfecta. AB - We have characterized a mutation that produces mild, dominantly inherited osteogenesis imperfecta. Half of the alpha 1 (I) chains of type I collagen synthesized by cells from an affected individual contain a cysteine residue in the 196-residue carboxyl-terminal cyanogen bromide peptide of the triple-helical domain (Steinmann, B., Nicholls, A., and Pope, F. M. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 8958-8964). Unexpectedly, sequence determined from a proteolytic fragment of the alpha 1 (I) chain derived from procollagen molecules synthesized in the presence of both [3H]proline and [35S]cysteine indicated that the cysteine is located at the third residue carboxyl-terminal to the triple-helical domain, normally a glycine. The nucleotide sequence of a fragment amplified from genomic DNA confirmed the location of the cysteine residue and showed that the mutation was a single nucleotide change in one COL1A1 allele. This represents a new class of mutations, point mutations outside the triple-helical domain of the chains of type I collagen, that produce the osteogenesis imperfecta phenotype. PMID- 3170558 TI - Characterization of crystals of xylose isomerase from Streptomyces violaceoniger. AB - Crystals of the tetrameric xylose isomerase from Streptomyces violaceoniger have been examined by x-ray analysis. Octahedral crystals with a maximum dimension of 0.7 mm were grown from ammonium sulfate solution. They possess the symmetry of P4(1)2(1)2 or P4(3)2(1)2 space groups, which are crystallographically indistinguishable. The unit cell dimensions are a = b = 140 A and c = 134 A. There is one tetramer of molecular weight 160,000 per asymmetric unit. The crystals diffract to 2.2 A. PMID- 3170559 TI - mRNA-induced expression of the cardiac Na+-Ca2+ exchanger in Xenopus oocytes. AB - Xenopus oocytes were injected with total mRNA isolated from hearts of 1-day-old chicks. After 5 days of incubation the follicular cell layers were removed and the oocytes were loaded with Na+ by incubation in hypertonic EGTA solution at 37 degrees C. The Na+-loaded oocytes accumulated 45Ca2+ from a Na+-free medium at a 3-18-fold higher rate than noninjected oocytes or oocytes injected with control solution containing no mRNA. Oocytes not subjected to the Na+-loading procedure showed no mRNA-dependent 45Ca2+ uptake. Size fractionation of the mRNA using sucrose density gradient centrifugation under denaturing conditions led to the identification of a 25 S fraction competent for induction of the Na+-Ca2+ exchange system. PMID- 3170560 TI - Resonance Raman spectra of the copper-sulfur chromophores in Achromobacter cycloclastes nitrite reductase. AB - Resonance Raman spectroscopy at ambient temperature and 77 K has been used to probe the structures of the copper sites in Achromobacter cycloclastes nitrite reductase. This enzyme contains three copper ions per protein molecule and has two principal electronic absorption bands with lambda max values of 458 and 585 nm. Comparisons between the resonance Raman spectra of nitrite reductase and blue copper proteins establish that both the 458 and 585 nm bands are associated with Cu(II)-S(Cys) chromophores. A histidine ligand probably is also present. Different sets of vibrational frequencies are observed with 457.9 nm (ambient) or 476.1 nm (77 K) excitation as compared with 590 nm (ambient) or 593 nm (77 K) excitation. Excitation profiles indicate that the 458 and 585 nm absorption bands are associated with separate [Cu(II)-S(Cys)N(His)] sites or with inequivalent and uncoupled cysteine ligands in the same site. The former possibility is considered to be more likely. PMID- 3170561 TI - Activation of the Na+/H+ and Cl-/HCO3- exchange by stimulation of acid secretion in the parietal cell. AB - Upon stimulation, the gastric parietal cell secretes a large quantity of isotonic HCl across its apical membrane which must be accompanied by the generation of base in the cytosol. The ability of this cell type to regulate cytosolic pH (pHi) was examined as a function of stimulation of acid secretion by histamine or forskolin. The pHi was estimated from the change of fluorescence of the trapped dye, 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein-bis-carboxyethylcarbo xy fluorescein in a purified cell suspension of rabbit parietal cells. Stimulation of the cell suspension raised pHi by an average of 0.13 +/- 0.038 pH units. The H+,K+-ATPase inhibitor, SCH28080 (2-methyl-8-[phenyl-methoxy]-imidazo-(1,2) pyridine-3-acetonitrile) had only a small effect on the increase of pHi, therefore, was largely independent of H+,K+-ATPase activity. In Na+-free medium, where Na+/H+ exchange would be absent, the rise of pHi was only 0.03 pH units. This increase was blocked by SCH28080, showing that this small increment was the result of acid secretion. In Na+-containing medium, 90% of the increase was inhibited by an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchange, dimethyl amiloride (DMA). This compound also blocked changes in pHi due to changes in extracellular Na+. Accordingly, most of the change in pHi upon stimulation of acid secretion by histamine and forskolin is due to activation of Na+/H+ exchange in the parietal cell basal-lateral membrane. The addition of DMA to stimulated, but not resting cells, gave a rapid acidification that was blocked by inhibition of anion exchange by 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), showing that anion exchange was also activated by stimulation. In single cell recording, canalicular and cytosolic pH were monitored simultaneously using 9-amino acridine and dimethyl carboxyfluorescein, respectively. Cytosolic alkalinization correlated with acid accumulation in the secretory canaliculus until a set point was reached. Thereafter, acidification continued without further change in pHi. To determine the role of Na+/H+ and Cl-/HCO3- exchange in acid secretion, Cl(-) depleted cells were suspended in medium containing 40 mM Cl-. DMA and DIDS each blocked acid secretion by about 40%, but in combination, acid secretion was blocked by more than 90%. Thus, basal-lateral Na+/H+ and Cl-/HCO3- exchange activities are necessary for acid secretion across the apical membrane of the parietal cell. PMID- 3170562 TI - Hormone-dependent phosphorylation of the avian progesterone receptor. AB - Progesterone receptors are phosphoproteins, in which phosphorylation has been proposed as a control mechanism for some stages of hormone action. Progesterone administration was shown to increase phosphorylation of the receptor from both cytosol and nuclear extracts of whole cells. We have analyzed the receptor phosphopeptides generated by chemical and proteolytic cleavage to assess the number of phosphorylation sites and their approximate location in the receptor. Progesterone receptor was labeled in situ in the presence or absence of hormone in medium containing [32P] orthophosphate, isolated by immunoprecipitation, and then digested with several proteases. The resulting 32P-labeled peptides were resolved by either two-dimensional electrophoresis:chromatography or by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Multiple phosphopeptides (3-6) were detected after cleavage with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or V8 protease. Major increases in phosphorylation occurred at existing sites since after hormone treatment no new phosphopeptides were found. Individual phosphopeptides showed variable increases in phosphorylation of 1.5-5-fold. The A and B receptor forms showed identical phosphorylation patterns, indicating similar processing in vivo. The phosphopeptide pattern for receptor in nuclear extracts resembled that of cytosol receptor. Chemical cleavage was used to assess the distribution of phosphorylation sites. Cyanogen bromide produced a large 40-kDa polypeptide which contained all of the phosphorylation sites and comprised the residues 129-449. Hydroxylamine was used to cleave a unique bond, Asn-372-Gly-373, in the 40-kDa polypeptide. All of the phosphorylation sites were located on the amino-terminal side of the cleavage. Thus, all of the phosphorylation sites were localized to a specific region (Met-129 to Asn-372) of the progesterone receptor that does not include either the DNA or steroid binding domains. PMID- 3170564 TI - Equilibrium between a wobble and ionized base pair formed between fluorouracil and guanine in DNA as studied by proton and fluorine NMR. AB - A synthetic oligonucleotide duplex containing the chemotherapeutic and mutagenic agent 5-fluorouracil paired with guanine has been studied in solution by proton and fluorine NMR. The 7-mer duplex containing a central FU.G base pair adopts a normal right-handed configuration. At low pH, the predominant base-paired structure is wobble, whereas at higher pH an ionized structure in Watson-Crick geometry is observed. The two structures are in a pH-dependent equilibrium with one another with an apparent pK of 8.3 at 23 degrees C. This is the first demonstration of an equilibrium between two distinct base pairing schemes and the first demonstration of a negatively charged base pair in DNA. PMID- 3170563 TI - Increase in surface expression of transferrin receptors on cultured hepatocytes of adult rats in response to iron deficiency. AB - The effect of changes in cellular iron metabolism on the surface expression of transferrin receptors (TfR) was examined in primary cultures of hepatocytes from adult rats. Untreated control hepatocytes exhibited a single class of high affinity receptors for transferrin (KD = 40 nM), with approximately 17,000-18,000 receptors per cell. Following 24 h of treatment with the iron chelator, desferrioxamine, or with succinylacetone, an inhibitor of heme synthesis, the number of TfR at the cell surface was increased severalfold, with no significant change in receptor affinity (KD) for transferrin. When combined, the enhancing effects of the two agents were additive. Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide abolished the increase in TfR expression mediated by either agent. Hemin decreased surface TfR expression and counteracted the enhancing effects of desferrioxamine or succinylacetone on TfR expression. These results indicate that, under the culture conditions employed, 1) iron deficiency induces an increase in surface TfR and 2) modulation of the receptor population is mainly dependent on de novo synthesis of TfR. PMID- 3170565 TI - Lipid A binding sites in membranes of macrophage tumor cells. AB - Lipopolysaccharide affects a variety of eukaryotic cells and mammalian organisms. These actions are involved in the pathogenesis of Gram-negative septicemia. Many of the actions of lipopolysaccharide are believed to be caused by its active moiety, lipid A. Our laboratory has previously identified a bioactive lipid A precursor, termed lipid IVA (Raetz, C. R. H., Purcell, S., Meyer, M. V., Qureshi, N., and Takayama, K. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 16080-16888), which can be labeled with 32P of high specific activity and purified. In this work we have used the labeled probe, 4'-32P-lipid IVA, to develop a novel assay for the specific binding of lipid IVA to whole cells. We have also demonstrated its use in a ligand blotting assay of immobilized cellular proteins. Using the whole cell assay, we show that 4'-32P-lipid IVA specifically binds to RAW 264.7 macrophage like cultured cells. The binding is saturable, is inhibited with excess unlabeled lipid IVA, and is proteinase K-sensitive. It displays cellular and pharmacological specificity. Using the ligand blotting assay, we show that several RAW 264.7 cell proteins can bind 4'-32P-lipid IVA. The two principal binding proteins have Mr values of 31 and 95 kDa, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fractionation studies indicate that the 31-kDa protein is enriched in the nuclear fraction and may be a histone, whereas the 95-kDa protein is enriched in the membrane fraction. The binding assays that we have developed should lead to a clearer understanding of lipid A/animal cell interactions. PMID- 3170566 TI - Analysis of dynamics and mechanism of ligand binding to Artocarpus integrifolia agglutinin. A 13C and 19F NMR study. AB - Binding of 13C-labeled N-acetylgalactosamine (13C-GalNAc) and N trifluoroacetylgalactosamine (19F-GalNAc) to Artocarpus integrifolia agglutinin has been studied using 13C and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. Binding of these saccharides resulted in broadening of the resonances, and no change in chemical shift was observed, suggesting that the alpha- and beta-anomers of 13C-GalNAc and 19F-GalNAc experience a magnetically equivalent environment in the lectin combining site. The alpha- and beta-anomers of 13C-GalNAc and 19F-GalNAc were found to be in slow exchange between free and protein bound states. Binding of 13C-GalNAc was studied as a function of temperature. From the temperature dependence of the line broadening, the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were evaluated. The association rate constants obtained for the alpha-anomers of 13C-GalNAc and 19F-GalNAc (k+1 = 1.01 x 10(5) M-1.s-1 and 0.698 x 10(5) M-1.s-1, respectively) are in close agreement with those obtained for the corresponding beta-anomers (k+1 = 0.95 x 10(5) M-1.s 1 and 0.65 x 10(5) M-1.s-1, respectively), suggesting that the two anomers bind to the lectin by a similar mechanism. In addition these values are several orders of magnitude slower than those obtained for diffusion controlled processes. The dissociation rate constants obtained are 49.9, 56.9, 42, and 43 s-1, respectively, for the alpha- and beta-anomers of 13C-GalNAc and 19F-GalNAc. A two step mechanism has been proposed for the interaction of 13C-GalNAc and 19F-GalNAc with A. integrifolia lectin in view of the slow association rates and high activation entropies. The thermodynamic parameters obtained for the association and dissociation reactions suggest that the binding process is entropically favored and that there is a small enthalpic contribution. PMID- 3170567 TI - Structural studies on the diglyceride-mediated activation of protein kinase C. AB - Diglyceride analogs were studied with respect to their abilities to activate protein kinase C (Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase) in the presence of low calcium and phospholipid. Analogs which lacked either a free hydroxyl group at the 3 position or an ester moiety at the 1 position were without activity. It was concluded that the hydrophilic moieties of the active diglycerides are crucial for activity. However, diglyceride analogs containing additional hydrophilic moieties in one of the acyl side chains did not exhibit enhanced activity when compared to diglycerides containing two fatty acyl groups. Diglyceride analogs with a modified glycerol backbone were also studied. Homologous diglycerides with either one or two methylene groups between the 3 methylene group of the diglyceride and the hydroxyl group possessed markedly reduced activities when compared to the appropriate unmodified diglyceride. Isomers of these homologues which contained either a methyl group at the 1 position, or dimethyl groups incorporated at the 1 and 3 positions, were virtually without activity. Where studied, none of the diglyceride analogs prepared possessed antagonist activity. The results of these experiments are discussed with respect to the extreme specificity observed. PMID- 3170568 TI - Biochemical characterization of rat brain protein kinase C isozymes. AB - Biochemical characteristics of three rat brain protein kinase C isozymes, types I, II, and III, were compared with respect to their protein kinase and phorbol ester-binding activities. All three isozymes appeared to be alike in their phorbol ester-binding activities as evidenced by their similar Kd for phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate and requirements for Ca2+ and phospholipids. However, differences with respect to the effector-mediated stimulation of protein kinase activity were detectable among these isozymes. The type I enzyme could be stimulated by cardiolipin to a greater extent than those of the type II and III enzymes. In the presence of cardiolipin, the concentrations of dioleoylglycerol or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate required for half-maximal activation (A1/2) of the type I enzyme were nearly an order of magnitude lower than those for the type II and III enzymes. In the presence of phosphatidylserine, differences in the A1/2 of dioleoylglycerol and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate for the three isozymes of protein kinase C were less significant than those measured in the presence of cardiolipin. Nevertheless, the A1/2 of these two activators for the type I enzyme were lower than those for the type II and III enzymes. At high levels of phosphatidylserine (greater than 15 mol %), binding of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate to the type I enzyme evoked a corresponding stimulation of the kinase activity, whereas binding of this phorbol ester to the type II and III enzymes produced a lesser degree of kinase stimulation. For all three isozymes, the concentrations of phosphatidylserine required for half-maximum [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding were almost an order of magnitude less than those for kinase stimulation. Consequently, neither isozyme exhibited a significant kinase activity at lower levels of phosphatidylserine (less than 5 mol %) and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (50 nM), a condition sufficient to promote near maximal phorbol ester binding. In addition to their different responses to the various activators, the three protein kinase C isozymes also have different Km values for protein substrates. The type I enzyme appeared to have lower Km values for histone IIIS, myelin basic protein, poly(lysine, serine) (3:1) polymer, and protamine than those for the type II and III enzymes. These results documented that the three protein kinase C isozymes were distinguishable in their biochemical properties. In particular, the type I enzyme, which is a brain-specific isozyme, is distinct from the type II and III enzymes, both have a widespread distribution among different tissues. PMID- 3170569 TI - Steady-state models of glucose-perturbed Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Young sorocarps of Dictyostelium discoideum were incubated in the presence of 50 mM [14C]glucose, and nine metabolites were isolated over a period of 60 min to determine their specific radioactivity. The program TFLUX was used to construct models consisting of 17 metabolite pools and 40 reactions (excluding external pools). Net glucose uptake was 10% or less in the two experiments chosen for extensive analysis, and a single steady-state model was adequate to describe the data in both cases. Despite differences in metabolite levels, flux, and labeling kinetics, the models of glucose-perturbed metabolism confirm earlier conclusions regarding metabolic compartments. PMID- 3170570 TI - Identification of N-glycolylneuraminic acid-containing gangliosides of cat and sheep erythrocytes. 252Cf fission fragment ionization mass spectrometry in the analysis of glycosphingolipids. AB - A number of gangliosides were isolated from cat and sheep erythrocytes for use in analyzing the specificity of a panel of human anti-heterophile monoclonal antibodies. The structures of these compounds were determined by a combination of different procedures, including sugar analysis, glycosidase treatment, periodate oxidation, TLC immunostaining, methylation analysis, and mass spectrometry. These methods identified the cat erythrocytes gangliosides (C1 and C2) as N glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc)-containing hematosides; C1 was shown to be NeuGc alpha 2----8NeuGc alpha 2----3Gal beta I----4Glc-Cer [NeuGc)2GD3) and C2 to be NeuAc alpha 2----8NeuGc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4Glc-Cer [NeuAc-NeuGc-)GD3). The two sheep gangliosides (S1 and S2) were found to be novel glycolipids based on the paragloboside sequence; S1 was identified as NeuGc alpha 2----8NeuGc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4Glc-Cer [NeuGc)2 disialylparagloboside) and S2 as NeuAc alpha 2----8NeuGc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1-- -4GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4Glc-Cer [NeuAc-NeuGc-)-disialylparagloboside). Structural analysis of these compounds was aided by the use of 252Cf fission fragment ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. This method provided easily interpretable spectra on methylated derivatives which were particularly useful in determining the sialic acid composition of the gangliosides and the sequence of their disialosyl side chains. PMID- 3170571 TI - Phosphorylation of beta-crystallin B2 (beta Bp) in the bovine lens. AB - Three major 32P-labeled polypeptides were found in the soluble fraction of bovine lenses cultured in a medium containing [32P]orthophosphate. Two of the polypeptides corresponded to the phosphorylated A and B chains of alpha crystallin. In this communication, the third polypeptide is now identified. This polypeptide is characterized by a molecular weight of 27,000 and a pI of 6.6, eluted exclusively in the beta Low fraction of a CL-6B gel filtration separation of lens soluble material, and could be further purified by DE52 anion exchange chromatography. The only 32P-labeled amino acid detected was phosphoserine. A single 32P-labeled peptide was observed after tryptic digestion and two dimensional mapping. The amino acid sequence of the purified peptide is Gly-Ala Phe-His-Pro-Ser-Ser. This sequence exactly matches the expected C-terminal tryptic fragment, residues 198-204, of the bovine beta-crystallin B2. The results of carboxypeptidase A digestion of the 32P-labeled peptide suggest that only Ser203 is phosphorylated. By using the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, purified beta B2 was phosphorylated in vitro, generating a single 32P-labeled polypeptide with the identical pI as the phosphorylated polypeptide obtained from lens culture. On the basis of these data, the Mr 27,000 32P-labeled polypeptide is identified as the phosphorylated form of the beta-crystallin B2. PMID- 3170572 TI - Further novel amido sugars within the glycopeptidolipid antigens of Mycobacterium avium. AB - The individual serovars of the Mycobacterium avium complex, a source of serious and persistent infections in individuals with underlying immune deficiencies, also present an extraordinary set of novel sugar epitopes as part of their type specific glycopeptidolipid surface antigens. Californium desorption-mass spectrometry has been successfully applied to the holistic glycopeptidolipid antigen of M. avium serovar 12 and its per-O-acetyl derivative, to arrive at the following structure, of molecular mass 1876: (Sequence: see text). The pentasaccharide hapten, released as the tetraglycosyl alditol, was subjected to methylation analysis, absolute configurational analysis, 1H NMR and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry to arrive at the structure: 4-(2'-Hydroxy) propionamido-4,6-dideoxy-3-O-Me-Glcp (beta 1----3)-4-O-Me-L-Rhap (alpha 1----3)-L Rhap (alpha 1----3)-L-Rhap (alpha 1----2)-6-deoxytalitol. Two-dimensional proton correlation spectroscopy was also applied to determine the configuration of the unique distal segment of the oligosaccharide unit. The significance of this structure in the context of the fully elucidated structures of the antigens from 12 of the 31-member M. avium complex is discussed. PMID- 3170573 TI - Purification of thymidine-diphospho-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase from an erythromycin-producing strain of Saccharopolyspora erythraea by high resolution liquid chromatography. AB - TDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase was purified from Saccharopolyspora erythraea, the producer of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin A, by a high resolution chromatographic method that exploited the difference in the behavior of the protein on anionic exchange chromatography in Tris/HCl or phosphate buffers. By this method, the enzyme was purified approximately 900-fold by two anionic exchange steps to more than 90% homogeneity. It was further purified to apparent homogeneity by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The enzyme is a homodimer of Mr 36,000 subunits, is highly specific for TDP-D-glucose, requires NAD+ as cofactor, and shows a K'm of 34 microM and V'max of 26 mumol h-1 mg-1 of protein for TDP-D-glucose. TDP and TTP strongly inhibit the enzyme at 2 mM. The maximal TDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase activity coincides with the time of erythromycin production, suggesting that this enzyme is involved in antibiotic biosynthesis. PMID- 3170574 TI - Identification of the differentiation-associated p93 tyrosine protein kinase of HL-60 leukemia cells as the product of the human c-fes locus and its expression in myelomonocytic cells. AB - A differentiation-associated 93-kDa tyrosine kinase (p93) was purified previously from the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60. The present study conclusively identifies p93 as the c-fes proto-oncogene product and shows that expression of p93c-fes and its associated tyrosine kinase activity are marked in mature granulocytes, monocytes, and human myeloid leukemia cell lines. Antisera to peptides obtained by expression of c-fes cDNA fragments in Escherichia coli reacted strongly with p93 purified from HL-60 cells. Western blots using one of these antisera demonstrated high levels of p93c-fes protein in normal human granulocytes and monocytes, as well as the cell lines KG-1, THP-1, HEL, and U 937, all of which can be induced to differentiate along the myelomonocytic pathway. Conversely, in cell lines resistant to myeloid differentiation, p93c-fes expression was either very low or absent. Expression of immunoreactive p93c-fes in these cell lines showed a strong positive correlation with p93c-fes tyrosine kinase activity, which was measured in cell extracts using a nondenaturing gel assay. Finally, the expression of p93c-fes, its tyrosine kinase activity, and the binding of 125I-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were all coordinately increased in HL-60 cells treated with the granulocytic differentiation inducer dimethyl sulfoxide, while all three parameters were low in untreated or differentiation-resistant HL-60 cells. These results suggest that expression of p93c-fes tyrosine kinase activity may be an essential component of myeloid differentiation and responsiveness to granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. PMID- 3170575 TI - Deglycosylation of fibrinogen accelerates polymerization and increases lateral aggregation of fibrin fibers. AB - Fibrinogen, the major structural precursor of blood clots, was deglycosylated by peptide-N-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase without denaturation of the polypeptide chains. Deglycosylated fibrinogen behaved normally in clinical coagulation assays, although it is less soluble than normal fibrinogen. However, the turbidity of clots formed from deglycosylated fibrinogen always rose faster and higher than that of clots from normal fibrinogen. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that fibrin made from clots of deglycosylated fibrinogen consisted of thicker, less-branched fiber bundles in a more porous network. Moreover, the degree of lateral aggregation was directly related to clot turbidity and inversely related to branching. Deglycosylation promoted turbidity development, lateral aggregation, and porosity of clots under all conditions tested. All other steps in the coagulation pathways appeared to be unaffected by the absence of carbohydrate. These results suggest that carbohydrate constitutively affects the behavior of deglycosylated fibrinogens by 1) contributing a repulsive force that promotes fibrinogen solubility and limits fibrin assembly and 2) sensitizing fibrin to conditions that influence assembly and clot structure. PMID- 3170577 TI - Role of low density lipoprotein receptor-dependent and -independent sites in binding and uptake of chylomicron remnants in rat liver. AB - The role of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor in the binding of chylomicron remnants to liver membranes and in their uptake by hepatocytes was assessed using a monospecific polyclonal antibody to the LDL receptor of the rat liver. The anti-LDL receptor antibody inhibited the binding and uptake of chylomicron remnants and LDL by the poorly differentiated rat hepatoma cell HTC 7288C as completely as did unlabeled lipoproteins. The antireceptor antibody, however, decreased binding of chylomicron remnants to liver membranes from normal rats by only about 10%. This was true for intact membranes and for solubilized reconstituted membranes and with both a crude membrane fraction as well as with purified sinusoidal membranes. Further, complete removal of the LDL receptor from solubilized membranes by immunoprecipitation with antireceptor antibody only decreased remnant binding to the reconstituted supernatant by 10% compared to solubilized, nonimmunoprecipitated membranes. Treatment of rats with ethinyl estradiol induced an increase in remnant binding by liver membranes. All of the increased binding could be inhibited by the antireceptor antibody. The LDL receptor-independent remnant binding site was not EDTA sensitive and was not affected by ethinyl estradiol treatment. LDL receptor-independent remnant binding was competed for by beta-VLDL = HDLc greater than rat LDL greater than human LDL (where VLDL is very low density lipoprotein, and HDL is high density lipoprotein). There was weak and incomplete competition by apoE-free HDL, probably due to removal of apoE from the remnant. The LDL receptor-independent remnant-binding site was also present in membranes prepared from isolated hepatocytes and had the same characteristics as the site on membranes prepared from whole liver. In contrast, when chylomicron remnants were incubated with a primary culture of rat hepatocytes, the anti-LDL receptor antibody prevented specific cell association by 84% and degradation of chylomicron remnants completely. Based on these studies, we conclude that although binding of chylomicron remnants to liver cell membranes is not dependent on the LDL receptor, their intact uptake by hepatocytes is. PMID- 3170576 TI - Purification and properties of a single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator form produced by subcultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. AB - Single-chain Mr 54,000 u-PA (scu-PA) was isolated, in the presence of aprotinin, from 3-liter batches of 60-h serum-free conditioned media obtained from subcultured (4-6th passage) human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs, approximately 1.8 x 10(9) cells). In the presence of heparin and endothelial cell growth factor, subcultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells produced u-PA proteins consisting of about 85-90% Mr 54,000 scu-PA and 10-15% two-chain Mr 54,000. The major scu-PA form was purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex C-50, immunoadsorption on purified anti-u-PA IgG Sepharose and affinity chromatography on p-amino-benzamidine-Agarose. Typically, about 8-10 micrograms of purified scu-PA protein (antigen/protein ratio = 1) was isolated from 3-liter batches of heparin-containing serum-free conditioned media with a yield of about 41% of the total starting u-PA antigen. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of this purified u-PA protein showed a single Ag-stained band (nonreduced and reduced), with an estimated molecular weight of about 54,000, which exhibited very low fibrinolytic activity. Purified HUVEC-derived scu-PA did not incorporate 3H-labeled diisopropyl fluorophosphate. This protein did, however, exhibit very low amidolytic activity (approximately 5,000 IU/mg) on the u-PA-specific synthetic substrate pyroglu-Gly-Arg-p nitroanilide, very low plasminogen-dependent fibrinolytic activity on 125I labeled fibrin coated plates, and directly activated 125I-labeled plasminogen following Michaelis-Menten kinetics with high affinity, Km = 0.72 microM and low turnover number, kcat = 0.0005 s-1. Treatment with plasmin rapidly converted the HUVEC-derived scu-PA to the active two-chain Mr 54,000 u-PA form (approximately 90,000 IU/mg). Binding to fibrin clots, using antigen quantitation, indicated about 20, 10, and 90% binding for equimolar amounts of HUVEC-derived scu-PA, two chain u-PA, and tissue plasminogen activator standards, respectively. These results indicate that subcultured HUVECs synthesize and secrete their u-PA protein as a single-chain molecule with low intrinsic amidolytic and fibrinolytic activity, high affinity for plasminogen and no specific affinity for fibrin. The role of scu-PA in endothelial cell-mediated vascular function has yet to be clearly defined. PMID- 3170578 TI - The GTP-binding peptide of beta-tubulin. Localization by direct photoaffinity labeling and comparison with nucleotide-binding proteins. AB - The binding site of the guanine moiety of GTP on beta-tubulin was located within the peptide consisting of residues 63-77, AILVDLEPGTMDSVR. The result was obtained using direct photoaffinity labeling, peptide sequencing, and limited proteolysis. Peptides were identified by end-labeling with a monoclonal antibody against beta-tubulin whose epitope was located between 3 and 4 kDa from the C terminus. The sequence of the GTP-binding site is consistent with predictions from other GTP-binding proteins such as elongation factor Tu or ras p21. PMID- 3170579 TI - Steroid binding to hepatoma tissue culture cell glucocorticoid receptors involves at least two sulfhydryl groups. AB - The presence of a thiol in the steroid binding cavity of glucocorticoid receptors has recently been proved by our affinity labeling of Cys-656 in the steroid binding domain of rat receptors (Simons, S. S., Jr., Pumphrey, J. G., Rudikoff, S., and Eisen, H. J. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 9676-9680). Studies with the sterically small, thiol-specific reagent methyl methanethiolsulfonate (MMTS) now reveal the involvement of at least two sulfhydryl groups in steroid binding. While the dose-response curves for [3H]dexamethasone binding versus thiol reagent are normally sigmoidal, an unusual bimodal curve is obtained with MMTS in which dexamethasone binding is eliminated at low, but maintained at intermediate, MMTS concentrations. This bimodal dose-response curve demands the involvement of two (or more) thiol groups. Those receptors pretreated with intermediate concentrations of MMTS retain approximately 70% of the initial binding capacity and one-fifth the affinity for dexamethasone. Solutions of this low affinity form of receptor contain essentially no accessible -SH groups, and all of the usual covalent labeling by dexamethasone 21-mesylate of various proteins, including the receptor, is blocked. The facts, that this low affinity form of the receptor is not affected by added iodoacetamide, cannot be produced from the nonsteroid binding form of receptor simply by adding more MMTS, and displays different kinetics of formation than does the nonsteroid binding form of receptor all argue that reaction of the receptor with intermediate and low MMTS, concentrations occurs via different pathways. Nevertheless, the effects of both concentrations of MMTS on the receptor are fully reversible with added dithiothreitol. The kinetics of inhibition of [3H]dexamethasone binding at low MMTS concentrations are independent of receptor concentration, indicating an intramolecular reaction. Collectively these data suggest a model of steroid binding involving two thiols, one of which appears to be Cys-656. Low concentrations of MMTS induce the formation of an intramolecular disulfide, which prevents steroid binding, while the intermediate MMTS concentrations convert both thiols directly to mixed disulfides, and steroid binding persists. Thus, reduced thiols do not appear to be required for steroid binding if the steric bulk of the oxidized thiols is small. PMID- 3170581 TI - Acceptor substrate-potentiated inactivation of bovine liver rhodanese. AB - The interaction of bovine liver rhodanese (thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferase, EC 2.8.1.1) with the acceptor substrates, dithiothreitol or cyanide, was studied. When incubated in the presence of cyanide or dithiothreitol, rhodanese was inactivated in a time-dependent process. This inactivation was detectable only at low enzyme concentrations; the rate and degree of inactivation could be modulated by varying the substrate concentration or the system pH. Activity measurements and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques were used in examining the inactivation phenomenon. Sulfur transfer to dithiothreitol was measured by direct assay and was shown to involve the dequenching of enzymic intrinsic fluorescence that had been previously observed only with cyanide as the acceptor substrate. Substrate potentiated inactivation of rhodanese (with cyanide) has been reported before, but the cause and nature of this interaction were unexplained. The results presented here are consistent with an explanation invoking oxidation of rhodanese in the course of inactivation. PMID- 3170582 TI - Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from wheat germ. AB - Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) was purified 5,000-fold from wheat germ extract by ultracentrifugation, precipitation with ammonium acetate, and column chromatography. Under denaturing conditions the enzyme ran as a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis with an apparent Mr of 55,000. The native molecular weight determined by gel filtration was 110,000, suggesting a quaternary structure of an alpha 2 type for native TyrRS. Purified enzyme activity, based on the aminoacylation reaction, was studied in terms of Mg2+, ATP, pH, and KCl dependence. Optimum concentrations were 6 mM Mg2+, 4 mM ATP, and 200 mM KCl at pH 8. The Km values for ATP, tyrosine, and tRNA were 40, 3.3, and 1.5 microM, respectively. The instability of the TyrRS activity and the methods used for stabilizing it are discussed. In wheat germ extract we found a second tyrosylating activity that works with Escherichia coli tRNA, but not with wheat germ tRNA. We believe that this enzyme is the mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase of wheat germ. PMID- 3170583 TI - Biochemical properties of SV40 large tumor antigen as a glycosylated protein. AB - The large tumor antigen (T-ag) of SV40 is a virus-encoded polypeptide that provides multiple biological activities required for virus replication and cellular transformation. T-ag is an exceptional model for the study of protein processing, because it displays a variety of chemical modifications and an unusual dual subcellular distribution. The cellular mechanisms responsible for the synthesis and processing of T-ag are unknown. With respect to glycosylation, this has been related to a lack of knowledge of the biochemical properties of T ag as a glycoprotein. Several such properties are characterized here. We found that T-ag is glycosylated at multiple sites on the polypeptide chain. The oligosaccharides appear to belong to a single size class, molecular weight approximately 400, and the linkage between the polypeptide and the carbohydrate side chain is sensitive to beta-elimination under mild alkaline conditions. At least one glycosylation site was localized to the region between amino acids 1 and 272 (probably between residues 83 and 272), and at least one additional site was localized to a separate region, between amino acids 523 and 708. The results of cycloheximide experiments suggested that glycosylation of T-ag is a cotranslational event, and both the nuclear and the membrane-associated forms of T-ag appeared to be glycosylated. The results of these studies verify previous conclusions that the cellular secretory pathway is not involved in the glycosylation of T-ag; instead, a cytoplasmic mechanism might be involved. PMID- 3170580 TI - Evidence for a family of human glucose transporter-like proteins. Sequence and gene localization of a protein expressed in fetal skeletal muscle and other tissues. AB - Complementary DNA clones encoding a glucose transporter-like protein have been isolated from a human fetal skeletal muscle cDNA library. The 496-amino acid fetal muscle glucose transporter-like protein has 64.4 and 51.6% identity with the previously described human erythrocyte/HepG2 and liver glucose transporter sequences, respectively. RNA blotting studies indicate that transcripts encoding this glucose transporter-like protein are present in most tissues, although their relative abundance varies. The gene encoding this protein has been localized to human chromosome 12p13.3. The identification and characterization of a third human glucose transporter-related protein suggests that there is a family of proteins having similar sequences and structures which are involved in nutrient transport by mammalian cells. PMID- 3170584 TI - Internal quadruplication in the structure of human interstitial retinol-binding protein deduced from its cloned cDNA. AB - Interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP) is a glycoprotein that shuttles retinoids between the retina and pigment epithelium and is secreted by the photoreceptor cells of the vertebrate eye. Human retina cDNA libraries in lambda gt10 were screened with a previously isolated human IRBP probe (H.4 IRBP), yielding five overlapping cDNA clones generating a 4223-base sequence. A 17 kilobase pair clone (HGL.3) isolated by screening a human genomic library in EMBL3 with H.4 IRBP yielded a 2.5-kilobase pair SstI fragment that overlapped the 5' end of the cDNA sequence by 329 nucleotide residues. An open reading frame encoded the N-terminal sequence of human IRBP and predicted a protein consisting of 1262 amino acids with a molecular mass of 136,600. Two putative N-linked glycosylation sites were identified. The translated sequence suggests that there is a 16-amino acid presumptive signal peptide rich in hydrophobic residues and with a high alpha-helix probability preceding the N terminus of the mature protein. The amino acid sequence of human IRBP could be aligned with 87% identity with the amino acid sequences of 31 peptides (605 residues) purified from a tryptic digest of bovine IRBP. The protein sequence of human IRBP contains four duplicated segments (302-310 residues in length) with 33-38% identity. From the degree of identity between the bovine and human sequences, it is possible that IRBP evolved by several gene duplications that occurred 600-800 million years ago, before the emergence of the vertebrates. PMID- 3170585 TI - Isolation and complete sequence of a functional human glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene. AB - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.2.12) (GAPDH) mRNA levels, protein, and enzymatic activity increase in 3T3-F442A adipocytes after exposure to physiological concentrations of insulin (Alexander, M., Curtis, G., Avruch, J., and Goodman, H. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 11978-11985). In order to understand the mechanism of this regulation, we have isolated and sequenced 5.4 kilobase pairs of a 12-kilobase pair human genomic clone encoding a functional GAPDH gene. The gene consists of 9 exons and 8 introns with eukaryotic signals necessary for the transcription and translation of GAPDH mRNA. The exon sequence confirms previously published cDNA sequences for human GAPDH in muscle, liver, and erythrocytes. The organization of the human and the unique chicken GAPDH genes is strikingly similar. Although chicken exons VIII-XI have been fused into human exon 8, introns which separate exons encoding the NAD binding, catalytic, and helical domains of the GAPDH protein have been retained. Stable transfection of rodent cells with the intact human GAPDH gene resulted in the expression of a correctly initiated human GAPDH mRNA and an enzymatically active human GAPDH polypeptide. Thus, the gene contains a functional promoter and intact coding sequences. Although many processed GAPDH pseudogenes and GAPDH-like sequences are present in the human genome, Southern blot analysis of human genomic DNA using a probe derived from the 3'-untranslated region of the GAPDH gene detected only two genes, a 10-copy processed pseudogene and a single copy of the isolated gene. In contrast, a probe derived from an intron segment of the isolated gene detected only a single copy of the GAPDH gene. Collectively, these findings strongly suggest that the human genome encodes a single functional GAPDH gene. PMID- 3170586 TI - Conformation and model membrane interactions of diphtheria toxin fragment A. AB - Low pH is believed to play a critical role in the penetration of membranes by diphtheria toxin in vivo. In this report, the pH dependence of the conformation of fragment A of diphtheria toxin has been studied using fluorescence techniques. As pH is decreased, fragment A in solution undergoes a reversible conformational change beginning below pH 5. The conformational change occurs rapidly upon exposure to low pH. It involves both an increase in the exposure of tryptophanyl residues to solution and a switch from a hydrophilic state to a hydrophobic state as judged by fragment A binding to micelles of a mild detergent (Brij 96). At low pH fragment A also rapidly and tightly binds to and penetrates model membranes. Binding is reversed when pH is neutralized. The transition pH, the apparent midpoint of the change between the hydrophilic state and the membrane-penetrating hydrophobic state, occurs at about pH 3.5 in the presence of Brij 96 micelles, pH 4 in the presence of small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) composed of zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine, and pH 5 in the presence of SUV composed of 25 mol % anionic phosphatidylglycerol and 75% phosphatidylcholine. The effects of high temperature provide an important clue as to the nature of the changes at low pH. At neutral pH and high temperature, i.e. in the thermally denatured state, a conformational change similar to that observed at low pH occurs, although fragment A does not become hydrophobic. In addition, the effects of low pH and high temperature on the stability of the native state are cumulative. This indicates that the changes in fragment A both at high temperature and at low pH involve denaturation, although there appears to be only partial unfolding under these conditions. Based on the results of this study, the role of fragment A in diphtheria toxin membrane penetration and translocation is evaluated. PMID- 3170587 TI - Amino acid sequence of a sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein from the sandworm Nereis diversicolor. AB - Muscles of invertebrate species contain abundant quantities of soluble, sarcoplasmic, high affinity Ca2+-binding proteins (SCBPs). The SCBPs belong to the calmodulin superfamily and contain four homologous domains (I-IV) which arose by reduplication of a gene for a small ancestral protein. We have determined the amino acid sequence of the SCBP from the sandworm Nereis diversicolor. This protein is the only SCBP which has been crystallized in a form suitable for three dimensional structure determination by high-resolution x-ray analysis (Babu, Y. S., Cox, J. A., and Cook, W. J. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 11184-11185). N. diversicolor SCBP is a single polypeptide chain of 174 amino acids, including single residues of glutamine and histidine, 2 tyrosines, and 3 tryptophans. It is devoid of cysteine and has an acetylated amino terminus, a calculated Mr of 19,485, and a net charge of -13 at neutral pH. There was no evidence for heterogeneity in the sequence. Probable Ca2+-binding sites were recognized in domains I, III, and IV. Comparison with other available invertebrate SCBP sequences shows an unusually high degree of variability among these proteins, with only 9 residues common to all species. PMID- 3170588 TI - Biphasic denaturation of human albumin due to ligand redistribution during unfolding. AB - Denaturation of defatted human albumin monomer, monitored by differential scanning calorimetry, is monophasic as reflected by the single, resulting endotherm. With low levels of various ligands, biphasic or monophasic unfolding processes are manifested as bimodal or unimodal thermograms, respectively. The greater the affinity of native protein for ligand, the greater is the tendency for biphasic denaturation. We propose that such a biphasic unfolding process arises from a substantial increase in stability (transition temperature) of remaining native protein during denaturation. This increase in stability derives from the free energy of ligand binding becoming more negative due to the release of high affinity ligand by unfolding protein. The tendency for biphasic denaturation is greatest at low (subsaturating) levels of ligand where greatest increases in stability occur. Biphasic unfolding arising from such ligand redistribution results from denaturation of different kinds of protein molecules, ligand-poor and ligand-rich species, and not from sequential unfolding of domains within the same molecule. Differentiating between these two mechanisms is necessary for the correct interpretation of biphasic denaturation data. Furthermore, biphasic unfolding due to ligand redistribution occurs independently of the means used to effect denaturation. The maximum increase in stability due to ligand binding relative to the stability of defatted albumin monomer alone occurs with the intermediate affinity ligand octanoate (22 degrees C) and not with the high affinity ligand hexadecanoate (15 degrees C). This indicates a much greater affinity of denatured albumin for hexadecanoate since increase in stability derives from the difference between free energy of ligand binding to folded and unfolded protein forms. PMID- 3170589 TI - Modification of low density lipoprotein by lipoprotein lipase or hepatic lipase induces enhanced uptake and cholesterol accumulation in cells. AB - Incubation of low density lipoprotein(s) (LDL) with either lipoprotein lipase or hepatic lipase led to modification of the core lipid composition of LDL. Both lipases modified LDL by substantially reducing core triglyceride content without producing marked differences in size, charge, or lipid peroxide content in comparison to native LDL. The triglyceride-depleted forms of LDL that result from treatment with these two enzymes were degraded at approximately twice the rate of native LDL by human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM). Lipase-modified LDL degradation was inhibited by chloroquine, suggesting lysosomal involvement in LDL cellular processing. The increased degradation by macrophages of the LDL modified by these lipases was accompanied by enhanced cholesterol esterification rates, as well as by an increase in cellular free and esterified cholesterol content. In a patient with hepatic triglyceride lipase deficiency, degradation of the triglyceride-rich LDL by HMDM was approximately half that of normal LDL. Following in vitro incubation of LDL from this patient with either lipoprotein or hepatic lipase, lipoprotein degradation increased to normal. Several lines of evidence indicate that LDL modified by both lipases were taken up by the LDL receptor and not by the scavenger receptor. 1) The degradation of lipase-modified LDL in nonphagocytic cells (human skin fibroblast and arterial smooth muscle cells) as well as in phagocytic cells (HMDM, J-774, HL-60, and U-937 cell lines) could be dissociated from that of acetylated LDL and was always higher than that of native LDL. A similar pattern was found for cellular cholesterol esterification and cholesterol mass. 2) LDL receptor-negative fibroblasts did not degrade lipase-modified LDL. 3) A monoclonal antibody to the LDL receptor inhibited macrophage degradation of the lipase-modified LDL. 4) Excess amounts of unlabeled LDL competed substantially with 125I-labeled lipase-modified LDL for degradation by both macrophages and fibroblasts. Thus, lipase-modified LDL can cause significant cholesterol accumulation in macrophages even though it is taken up by LDL and not by the scavenger receptor. This effect could possibly be related to the reduced triglyceride content in the core of LDL, which may alter presentation of the LDL receptor-binding domain of apolipoprotein B on the particle surface, thereby leading to increased recognition and cellular uptake via the LDL receptor pathway. PMID- 3170590 TI - Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of the flavodoxin gene from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough). AB - The gene coding for the flavodoxin protein from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough) has been identified, cloned, and sequenced. DNA fragments containing the flavodoxin gene were identified by hybridization of a mixed synthetic heptadecanucleotide probe to Southern blots of SalI-digested genomic DNA. The nucleotide sequences of the probe were derived from the published protein primary structure (Dubourdieu, M., LeGall, J., and Fox, J. L. (1973) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 52, 1418-1425). The same oligonucleotide probe was used to screen libraries (in pUC19) containing size-selected SalI fragments. One recombinant, carrying a 1.6-kilobase (kb) insert which strongly hybridizes to the probe, was found to contain a nucleotide sequence which codes for the first 104 residues of the amino-terminal portion of the flavodoxin protein sequence but lacked the remainder of the gene. Therefore, a PstI restriction fragment from this clone was used as a probe to isolate the entire gene from a partial Sau3AI library in Charon 35. Of the plaques which continued to hybridize strongly to this probe through repeated screenings, one recombinant, containing a 16-kb insert, was further characterized. The entire flavodoxin gene was localized within a 1.4-kb XhoI-SacI fragment of this clone. The complete nucleotide sequence of the structural gene for the flavodoxin protein from Desulfovibrio vulgaris and flanking sequences which may include promoter and regulatory sequences are reported here. The cloned flavodoxin gene was placed behind the hybrid tac promoter for overexpression of the protein in Escherichia coli. Modification to the 5'-end of the gene, including substitutions at the second codon, were required to obtain high levels of expression. The expressed recombinant flavodoxin protein is isolated from E. coli cells as the holoprotein with physical and spectral properties similar to the protein isolated from D. vulgaris. To our knowledge, this is the first example of the expression of a foreign flavodoxin gene in E. coli using recombinant DNA methods. PMID- 3170591 TI - Biosynthesis of monoterpenes. Stereochemistry of the enzymatic cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate to (-)-endo-fenchol. AB - The conversion of geranyl pyrophosphate to (-)-endo-fenchol is considered to proceed by the initial isomerization of the substrate to (-)-(3R)-linalyl pyrophosphate and the subsequent cyclization of this bound intermediate. Incubation of (1R)-[2-14C,1-3H]- and (1S)-[2-14C,1-3H]geranyl pyrophosphate with a preparation of (-)-endo-fenchol cyclase (synthase) from common fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) gave labeled product of unchanged 3H:14C ratio in both cases, and each was dehydrated to a mixture of alpha- and beta-fenchene which were oxidized to the corresponding alpha- and beta-fenchocamphorones, again without change in isotope ratio. The location of the tritium label was deduced in each case by stereoselective, base-catalyzed exchange of the exo-alpha-hydrogen of the derived ketone. The findings indicated that the configuration at C1 of the substrate was retained in the enzymatic transformation to (-)-endo-fenchol which is entirely consistent with the syn-isomerization of geranyl pyrophosphate to (3R)-linalyl pyrophosphate and cyclization of the latter via the anti-endo conformer. These absolute stereochemical elements of the reaction sequence were confirmed by the enzymatic conversion of (3R)-1Z-[1-3H]linalyl pyrophosphate to ( )-endo-fenchol and by the location of the tritium in the derived fenchocamphorones as before. The summation of the results fully defines the overall stereochemistry of the coupled isomerization and cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate to (-)-endo-fenchol. PMID- 3170592 TI - Lambda-crystallin, a major rabbit lens protein, is related to hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenases. AB - It has recently been discovered that several lens proteins in birds and lower vertebrates are active enzymes or enzyme-related proteins (Wistow, G., Mulders, J. W. M., and de Jong, W. W. (1987) Nature 326, 622-624; Wistow, G., and Piatigorsky, J. (1987) Science 236, 1554-1556). We report here a novel lens protein, designated as lambda-crystallin, that occurs in rabbit and hare. It constitutes 7-8% of the total lens protein and has a subunit molecular mass of 35 kDa. Sequencing of cDNA clones encoding rabbit lambda-crystallin revealed 30% homology (at the amino acid sequence level) with L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase from pig mitochondria and 26% homology with enoyl-CoA hydratase-3 hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase from rat peroxisomes. Also, the presence of a putative beta-alpha-beta nucleotide-binding fold and low levels of non-lens expression are indicative of some enzymatic function for lambda-crystallin (or highly related sequences) in non-lens tissues. lambda-Crystallin thus represents the first example of an enzyme-related crystallin in lenses from mammalian species. The recruitment of enzymes as lens structural proteins apparently is an evolutionary strategy which has been applied independently in different lineages. PMID- 3170593 TI - Defective receptor binding of low density lipoprotein from pigs possessing mutant apolipoprotein B alleles. AB - We previously identified a defect in the in vivo catabolism of low density lipoprotein (LDL) from hypercholesterolemic pigs carrying a mutant apolipoprotein B allele. In the present studies, we examined the in vitro metabolism of mutant LDL in cultured pig fibroblasts. A 3-fold higher concentration of mutant LDL (compared to control) was needed to displace 50% of control 125I-LDL binding. Mutant LDL had a 6-fold higher dissociation constant than control LDL. Scatchard plots of the binding data were concave upward, suggesting multiple classes of binding sites or negative cooperativity. The mutant LDL degradation rate was reduced by 40%; this decrease could be attributed to a dense LDL subspecies. Mutant and control buoyant LDL subspecies were degraded more slowly than the corresponding dense LDL subspecies. Together, these studies show that diminished LDL receptor binding can result from mutations in apolipoprotein B and from changes in the lipid composition of LDL particles. PMID- 3170594 TI - Brain hexokinase has no preexisting allosteric site for glucose 6-phosphate. AB - Difference spectroscopic investigations on the interaction of brain hexokinase with glucose and glucose 6-phosphate (Glc-6-P) show that the binary complexes E glucose and E-Glc-6-P give very similar UV difference spectra. However, the spectrum of the ternary E-glucose-Glc-6-P complex differs markedly from the spectra of the binary complexes, but resembles that produced by the E-glucose-Pi complex. Direct binding studies of the interaction of Glc-6-P with brain hexokinase detect only a single high-affinity binding site for Glc-6-P (KD = 2.8 microM). In the ternary E-glucose-Glc-6-P complex, Glc-6-P has a much higher affinity for the enzyme (KD = 0.9 microM) and a single binding site. Ribose 5 phosphate displaces Glc-6-P from E-glucose-Glc-6-P only, but not from E-Glc-6-P complex. It also fails to displace glucose from E-glucose and E-glucose-Glc-6-P complexes. Scatchard plots of the binding of glucose to brain hexokinase reveal only a single binding site but show distinct evidence of positive cooperativity, which is abolished by Glc-6-P and Pi. These ligands, as well as ribose 5 phosphate, substantially increase the binding affinity of glucose for the enzyme. The spectral evidence, as well as the interactive nature of the sites binding glucose and phosphate-bearing ligands, lead us to conclude that an allosteric site for Glc-6-P of physiological relevance occurs on the enzyme only in the presence of glucose, as a common locus where Glc-6-P, Pi, and ribose 5-phosphate bind. In the absence of glucose, Glc-6-P binds to the enzyme at its active site with high affinity. We also discuss the possibility that, in the absence of glucose, Glc-6-P may still bind to the allosteric site, but with very low affinity, as has been observed in studies on the reverse hexokinase reaction. PMID- 3170595 TI - Cloning and expression of a cDNA for human thioredoxin. AB - Thioredoxin is the best representative enzyme of a group of proteins, widely distributed and possessing dithiol-disulfide oxidoreductase activity. We have constructed a cDNA library from messenger RNAs isolated from a lymphoblastoid B cell line (Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized normal human lymphocytes). Screening of this library with synthetic oligonucleotide probes, constructed from the NH2 terminal amino acid sequence of a protein produced by this line, allowed us to identify a full-length cDNA clone coding for human thioredoxin. The open reading frame (315 nucleotides long) codes for a protein of 104 amino acids (excluding the initial methionine). This protein possesses the highly conserved enzymatic active site common to plant and bacterial thioredoxins: Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys (amino acids 30-34). These data provide for the first time the complete primary sequence of a thioredoxin of mammalian origin. Recombinant human thioredoxin, expressed in Escherichia coli, possesses a dithiol-reducing enzymatic activity as assayed on mammalian and plant substrates. It is able to reduce the interchain disulfide bridges of murine pentameric IgM and porcin insulin and also to activate vegetal NADP-malate dehydrogenase. Studies of human thioredoxin mRNA expression and regulation in immunocompetent cells of human origin indicate that the protein is weakly expressed in resting lymphocytes and monocytes, but the level of human thioredoxin mRNA transcription is quite important in activated monocytes and established dividing human cell lines. PMID- 3170597 TI - Tissue-specific expression of GM3(NeuGc) and GD3(NeuGc) in epithelial cells of the small intestine of strains of inbred rats. Absence of NeuGc in intestine and presence in kidney gangliosides of brown Norway and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The ganglioside composition of the epithelial cells of the small intestine was investigated in 15 strains of inbred rats. Most of these strains had GM3 as the only detectable ganglioside. In addition to GM3, small amounts of GD3 were found in four strains, AVN, BN, DA, and LE. The fatty acid content of the ceramide portion was composed of a large, although variable, percentage of 2-hydroxy fatty acids. The sphingoid base was always C18-4D-hydroxysphinganine. The highly prominent sialic acid was N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) in most strains. However in two strains, Brown Norway (BN) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), NeuAc was the only sialic acid of the gangliosides of the intestinal epithelium. The analysis of the ganglioside composition of the epithelium of the small intestine of the first generation hybrids of SHR with DA and BN, respectively, demonstrated that the expressions of GM3 (NeuGc) and GD3 were genetically transmitted as dominant traits and that BN and SHR were likely to carry the same deficient gene that led to the expression of GM3(NeuAc) instead of GM3(NeuGc) in the small intestine. For comparison, the sialic acid composition of kidney gangliosides was analyzed in some strains. 21-23% of the kidney gangliosides was GM3(NeuGc) in all tested strains, including BN and SHR. Therefore, the ganglioside composition of the intestinal epithelium could vary in the rat species, and the defect of N-glycolylneuraminic acid was not only strain specific but also occurred in a tissue-specific way among strains of inbred rats. PMID- 3170596 TI - Sequence dependence of DNA structure. The B, Z, and A conformations of polydeoxynucleotides containing repeating units of 6 to 16 base pairs. AB - In order to study the sequence dependence of the B-Z transition, we have synthesized eight double-stranded polydeoxynucleotides. The polymers have defined alternating purine-pyrimidine sequences with repeating units of 6-16 base pairs, and contain 12.5-33% AT base pairs. A and T nucleotides are in nearest-neighbor positions in the series poly[d[TA(CG)2-7]], but are isolated from each other, with minimum separations of 2 and 6 GC base pairs, in poly[d[TGCA(CG)6]] and poly[T(GC)3A(CG)4)]], respectively. All of the polymers except poly[d[TA(CG)2]] were shown by circular dichroism to undergo a right- to left-hand helical transition at high NaCl concentrations, and all polymers exhibited a B to A transition in the presence of ethanol. Poly[d[TA(CG)7]] was the only polymer to undergo a B to Z to A transition in ethanol. At a constant percentage of AT base pairs, the B-Z transition is sequence-dependent, occurring at lower salt concentrations for polymers containing longer runs of contiguous GC base pairs in the repeating unit. PMID- 3170598 TI - Expression of human preproapo AI and pre(delta pro)apoAI in a murine pituitary cell line (AtT-20). A comparison of their intracellular compartmentalization and lipid affiliation. AB - The role of the NH2-terminal propeptide of human apolipoprotein (apo) AI in intracellular transport and lipid-protein interactions was examined by transfecting a murine anterior pituitary cell line (AtT-20) with the human preproapo AI gene and a mutant gene lacking the 18-base pair segment of exon III encoding its hexapeptide prosegment. ProapoAI was not processed to the mature apolipoprotein either prior to or after export from these cells making this an attractive model system for directly assessing structure/activity relationships of its propeptide. ApoAI was sorted into a regulated pathway for protein export. The signal responsible for this trafficking pattern was not contained in the prosegment since both pro- and mature ApoAI exhibited a similar rate of secretion, a similar magnitude of stimulation of export by the secretagogue 8 bromo-cyclic AMP, and similar targeting to dense core granules. This sorting behavior, exhibited by a protein which is not normally targeted to dense core secretory granules in its cells of origin, raises questions about the domains and mechanisms involved in protein sorting into the regulated and constitutive pathways of AtT-20 cells. Density gradient ultracentrifugation, immunoaffinity chromatographic and electron microscopic analysis indicated that approximately 10% of proapoAI and approximately 10% apoAI appeared in AtT-20 culture media in the form of two discrete classes of nascent lipoproteins: a small 6-8 nm spherical particle and a larger discoidal particle. These particles had morphologies identical with those secreted by Hep G2 cells which normally synthesize apolipoproteins. Although these results do not resolve the issue of whether or not a fraction of apoAI can act as an acceptor of cellular lipid during its transport through the secretory pathway, the data do show that this functional capability for lipoprotein assembly is not obviously regulated by its prosegment. PMID- 3170599 TI - Glucose-dependent regulation of glucose transport activity, protein, and mRNA in primary cultures of rat brain glial cells. AB - D-Glucose deprivation of primary rat brain glial cell cultures, by incubation with 25 mM D-fructose for 24 h, resulted in a 4-5-fold induction of D-glucose transport activity. In contrast, 24-h D-glucose starvation of primary rat brain neuronal cultures had only a marginal effect (1.5-2-fold) on D-glucose transport activity. Northern blot analysis of total cellular RNA demonstrated that under these conditions the rat brain glial cells specifically increased the steady state level of the D-glucose transporter mRNA 4-6-fold, whereas Northern blot analysis of the neuronal cell cultures revealed no significant alteration in the amount of D-glucose transporter mRNA by D-glucose deprivation. These findings demonstrated that the D-glucose-dependent regulation of the D-glucose transporter system occurred in a brain cell type-specific manner. The ED50 for the D-glucose starvation increase in the D-glucose transporter mRNA, in the glial cell cultures, occurred at approximately 3.5 mM D-glucose with maximal effect at 0.5 mM D-glucose. Readdition of D-glucose to the starved cell cultures reversed the increase in the D-glucose transporter mRNA levels and D-glucose transport activity to control values within 24 h. The increase in the D-glucose transporter mRNA was relatively rapid with half-maximal stimulation at approximately 2 h and maximal induction by 6-12 h of D-glucose deprivation. A similar time course was also observed for the starvation-induced increase in D-glucose transport activity and D-glucose transporter protein, as determined by Western blot analysis. These results document that, in rat brain glial cells, D-glucose transport activity, protein, and mRNA are regulated by the extracellular D-glucose concentration. Further, this suggests a potential role for hyperglycemia in the down-regulation of the D-glucose transport system in vivo. PMID- 3170600 TI - Identification of the mouse muscle 43,000-dalton acetylcholine receptor associated protein (RAPsyn) by cDNA cloning. AB - The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and a receptor-associated protein of 43 kDa are the major proteins present in postsynaptic membranes isolated from Torpedo electric organ. Immunochemical analyses indicated that a protein sharing antigenic determinants with the receptor-associated protein is also present at receptor clusters of muscle cell lines and postsynaptic membranes of vertebrate neuromuscular junctions. We now provide definitive proof that a homolog of the 43 kDa protein exists in mammals. Complimentary DNA clones encoding the complete protein sequence have been isolated from the mouse muscle cell line, BC3H1. We heretofore refer to these proteins as nicotinic receptor-associated proteins at synapses or N-RAP-syns. The deduced sequence of mouse RAPsyn has 412 amino acids and a molecular mass of 46,392 daltons. The overall identity with Torpedo RAPsyn is 70%; some regions are extremely well conserved and are therefore postulated to be functionally important. Important domains, including the amino terminus and a cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site, are conserved between species. Several structural features are consistent with the proposal that RAPsyn is a peripheral membrane protein that associates with membranes by virtue of covalently bound myristate. Although multiple mRNAs were previously identified in Torpedo electric organ, RNA blot analysis reveals a single polyadenylated RAPsyn mRNA of approximately equal to 2.0 kilobases in newborn and 4-week-old mouse muscle. Finally, genomic DNA blot analysis indicates that a single N-RAPsyn gene is present in the mouse genome. PMID- 3170601 TI - Purification, characterization, and kinetic mechanism of S-adenosyl-L methionine:macrocin O-methyltransferase from Streptomyces fradiae. AB - S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:macrocin O-methyltransferase catalyzes conversion of macrocin to tylosin, the terminal and main rate-limiting step of tylosin biosynthesis in Streptomyces fradiae. The O-methyltransferase was stabilized in vitro and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 65,000 and consisted of two identical subunits of 32,000 with an isoelectric point of 4.5. The enzyme required Mg2+, Mn2+, or Co2+ for maximal activity and was catalytically optimal at pH 7.5-8.0 and 31 degrees C. The O methyltransferase catalyzed the conversion of macrocin to tylosin at a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1. The enzyme also mediated conversion of lactenocin--- desmycosin. The corresponding Vmax/Km ratios for the two analogous conversions were similar, and both enzymic conversions were susceptible to extensive competitive and noncompetitive inhibitions by macrolide metabolites. Steady-state kinetic studies for initial velocity, substrate analogue, and product inhibitions have allowed formulation of Ordered Bi Bi as the reaction mechanism for macrocin O-methyltransferase. PMID- 3170602 TI - Two distinctive O-methyltransferases catalyzing penultimate and terminal reactions of macrolide antibiotic (tylosin) biosynthesis. Substrate specificity, enzyme inhibition, and kinetic mechanism. AB - S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:demethylmacrocin O-methyltransferase catalyzes the conversion of demethylmacrocin to macrocin as the penultimate step of tylosin biosynthesis in Streptomyces fradiae. The O-methyltransferase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by a conventional chromatographic procedure. The purified enzyme appears to be trimeric with a molecular weight of 122,000-126,000 and a subunit size of 42,000. Its isoelectric point was 6.0. The enzyme required Mg2+ for maximal activity and was catalytically optimal at pH 7.8-8.5 and 42 degrees C. The O-methyltransferase catalyzed conversion of demethylmacrocin to macrocin at a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1. The O-methyltransferase also mediated conversion of demethyllactenocin----lactenocin. The corresponding Vmax/Km ratios for the two analogous conversions varied only slightly. Both enzymic conversions were susceptible to an extensive and identical range of metabolic inhibitions. Steady-state kinetic studies for initial velocity, substrate analogue, and product inhibitions are consistent with Ordered Bi Bi as the reaction mechanism of demethylmacrocin O-methyltransferase. Except for an identical kinetic mechanism, demethylmacrocin O-methyltransferase can be readily differentiated from macrocin O-methyltransferase by its physical and catalytic properties as well as metabolic inhibitions. PMID- 3170603 TI - Histone H3 thiol reactivity and acetyltransferases in chicken erythrocyte nuclei. AB - Chicken erythrocyte nuclei previously incubated separately with two novel mercury compounds (N-chloromercuribenzoyl)-biocytin and bis(p-(chloromercuribenzoyl)) [3H]lysine diamide) were digested with micrococcal nuclease and the digest products fractionated according to their solubility in 0.15 M NaCl and molecular size. The identity and quantitation of the chromatin fractions and proteins containing covalently bound mercury were determined by Western blotting, autoradiography, and scintillation counting. The most highly acetylated species of histone H3 in the 0.15 M NaCl-soluble polynucleosome fraction also contained the highest proportion of bound mercury. This fraction contains hyperacetylated core histones, is depleted in linker histones, and enriched in nonhistone proteins. Histone H3 in the 0.15 M NaCl-soluble mononucleosomes, which are unacetylated and lack linker histones, was 45% less labeled than histone H3 in the 0.15 M NaCl-soluble polynucleosome fraction. In the 0.15 M NaCl-insoluble polynucleosomes, which contain unacetylated histones and molar proportions of linker histones, histone H3 was 63% less labeled. Allowing for the differential abundance of these subfractions in the nucleus, the relative H3 reactivities are 50, 7, and 1 for 0.15 M NaCl-soluble polynucleosomes, mononucleosomes, and 0.15 M NaCl-insoluble polynucleosomes, respectively. Thus a gradation of reactivities exists which correlates with increasing hyperacetylation and linker histone depletion. High mobility group proteins 1 and 2, found in subnucleosome particles in the 0.15 M NaCl-soluble fraction, are extensively mercury-labeled. Distribution of histone acetyltransferase activity among salt- and size-resolved micrococcal nuclease produced fractions was almost 5-fold greater in the 0.15 M NaCl-soluble supernatant than in the 0.15 M NaCl-insoluble pellet. Furthermore, the acetyltransferase activity, which is tightly bound to undigested chromatin, is rapidly released by both micrococcal nuclease and DNase I. For short digestion times the enzyme is associated with the salt-soluble polynucleosomes, but at longer times of digestion the enzyme appears to be free from intact nucleosomes. The enzyme may be localized in the globin domain in erythrocytes and maintains that region in a hyperacetylated state which results in an altered linker histone binding reflected in a change in the reactivity of the usually inaccessible H3 cysteine 110. PMID- 3170604 TI - Role of reversing factor in the inhibition of protein synthesis initiation by oxidized glutathione. AB - The inhibitions of protein synthesis initiation in heme-deficient reticulocyte lysates and in GSSG-treated hemin-supplemented lysates are both characterized by the activation of heme-regulated eIF-2 alpha kinase, which phosphorylates the alpha-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF-2). In both inhibitions, the accumulation of eIF phosphorylated in alpha-subunit (eIF-2(alpha P)) leads to the sequestration of reversing factor (RF) in a phosphorylated 15 S complex, RF.eIF 2(alpha P), in which RF is nonfunctional. A sensitive assay for the detection of endogenous RF activity in protein-synthesizing lysates indicates that, in GSSG inhibited (1 mM GSSG) lysates, RF is more profoundly inhibited than in heme deficient lysates. RF inactivation in GSSG-induced inhibition appears to be due to two separate but additive effects: (i) the formation of the phosphorylated 15 S RF complex, RF.eIF-2(alpha P), and (ii) the formation of disulfide complexes which inhibit RF activity. Both inhibitory effects are overcome by catalytic levels of exogenous RF which permits the resumption of protein synthesis. RF activity and protein synthesis in GSSG-inhibited lysates are efficiently restored by the delayed addition of glucose-6-P or 2-deoxyglucose-6-P (1 mM). The rescue of protein synthesis by hexose phosphate (1 mM) is proportional to the extent of RF recovery and is due in part to NADPH generation; even at levels of hexose phosphate (50 microM) too low to support protein synthesis, partial restoration of RF activity occurs due to increased NADPH/NADP+ ratios. The ability of dithiothreitol (1 mM) to restore RF activity in GSSG-treated but not heme deficient lysates also provides evidence for a reducing mechanism which functions at the level of RF. The results suggest that NADPH plays a role in the maintenance of sulfhydryl groups essential for RF activity. PMID- 3170605 TI - Binding of nuclear proteins to promoter elements of the mouse alpha A-crystallin gene. AB - We have investigated the binding of nuclear proteins from the embryonic chicken lens to synthetic oligonucleotides derived from sequence -111/-55 of the murine alpha A-crystallin gene. These sequences were shown previously to consist of a distal (-111/-88) and a proximal (-88/-60) region which are required for expression of this gene (Chepelinsky, A. B., Sommer, B., and Piatigorsky, J. (1987) Mol. Cell. Biol. 7, 1807-1814). Here we use gel retardation and methylation interference experiments to provide evidence for selective binding of different nuclear proteins to oligonucleotides containing sequences -111/-84, 83/-55, and -111/-55. Similar (although not necessarily identical) proteins were found in nuclear extracts of chicken erythrocytes and HeLa cells. Despite this fact, the alpha A-crystallin promoter (-111/+46) did not function in transfected HeLa cells; moreover, deletion experiments showed that only the TATA box is required for activity of this promoter in a HeLa whole cell extract, the distal ( 111/84) and proximal (-83/-55) elements having no positive effect on transcription in the HeLa cell extract. These experiments support the idea that the same or related nuclear proteins found in many tissues are necessary but not sufficient for expression of the murine alpha A-crystallin gene. PMID- 3170606 TI - Effect of phospholipids on thyroid oligosaccharyltransferase activity and orientation. Evaluation of structural determinants for stimulation of N glycosylation. AB - Oligosaccharyltransferase solubilized by Nonidet P-40 was found to have a highly specific lipid requirement which is consistent with the lability of the enzyme when removed from its membrane association. Enzyme activity as measured by the N glycosylation of a hexapeptide acceptor was greatly stimulated and stabilized by phosphatidylcholine (PC) while other naturally occurring phosphoglycerides had minimal effect. The quaternary ammonium group of PC was observed to be involved in the interaction with the enzyme as modification of the choline moiety by removal of methyl groups resulted in a progressive loss of the stimulatory effect (choline greater than N,N-dimethylethanolamine greater than N monomethylethanolamine greater than ethanolamine) which was reflected primarily in the Vmax rather than the Km values. Evaluation of a number of PC and choline derivatives indicated that the nonpolar domain of the lipid also played an important specifying role. Two hydrophobic chains attached to the phosphoglycerol backbone were found to be essential, and furthermore the length and degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid substituents as well as their position of attachment on the glycerol moiety greatly affected the extent of activation. Since the L-isomer of PC brought about a 3-fold greater stimulation than the D isomer the interaction of the enzyme with the phospholipid appears to be stereoselective. Upon chromatography of the PC-stabilized enzyme on concanavalin A-agarose almost complete retention occurred at 0.4% Nonidet P-40, while no binding took place at a detergent concentration of 0.075%; this suggested that upon dilution in the presence of PC, the oligosaccharyltransferase was reconstituted into vesicles in an asymmetric fashion with its N-linked carbohydrate located internally. Enzymatic assay of these vesicles demonstrated that the active site of the enzyme was also oriented toward the interior. These studies indicate that the activity as well as the membrane insertion of the oligosaccharyltransferase are to a large measure influenced by its interaction with PC. PMID- 3170607 TI - Alpha-actinin and calmodulin interact with distinct sites on the arms of the clathrin trimer. AB - In the present study, the interaction of alpha-actinin and calmodulin with clathrin heavy chain are demonstrated using Western blot analysis and rotary shadowing electron microscopy. The results show that alpha-actinin and calmodulin bind the clathrin heavy chain. The interaction is specific and affected by calcium. However, the interaction of both proteins with the clathrin heavy chain is distinct; the proteins do not block each other's ability to bind, and they interact with different protein fragments of the clathrin heavy chain. Furthermore, using rotary shadowing the results show that alpha-actinin differentially affected the terminal region of the clathrin trimer. Whereas, the effects of calmodulin were most noticeably detected along the length of trimer arms. The possible existence of distinct binding sites on the arms of the clathrin trimer for these cytosolic proteins supports the contention that these cytosolic proteins play an important role in cellular trafficking. PMID- 3170608 TI - Complex events in the evolution of the haptoglobin gene cluster in primates. AB - Southern blot analyses of genomic DNA show that new world monkeys have only one haptoglobin gene but that chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and old world monkeys have three. Humans have two: haptoglobin (Hp) and haptoglobin-related (Hpr). These observations suggest that a triplication of the haptoglobin locus occurred after the divergence of the new world monkeys, followed by a deletion of one locus in humans. To investigate these events, we have cloned the haptoglobin gene cluster in chimpanzee. The organization of the Hp and Hpr genes in chimpanzees is the same as in humans, including a retrovirus-like sequence in the first intron of Hpr. The third gene, which we name Hpp for haptoglobin primate, is 16 kilobases downstream of Hpr. A second copy of the retrovirus-like sequence occurs between Hpr and Hpp. The nucleotide sequence of the chimpanzee Hpp gene suggests that it may code for a functional protein, but the chimpanzee Hpr gene has a single base deletion in exon 5 that causes a frameshift. Comparison of the human and chimpanzee sequences suggests that the human Hpr gene was generated by a homologous unequal crossover between ancestral Hpr and Hpp genes. The crossover point lies within a 1.3-kilobase region containing exon 5 and 500 nucleotides 3' to the genes, but the exact point is obscured by a subsequent gene conversion event. PMID- 3170609 TI - Properties and differential regulation of two fatty acid binding proteins in the rat kidney. AB - A protein from rat kidney was characterized that had several properties common to a multigene family of fatty acid binding proteins identified in other tissues. The putative kidney fatty acid binding protein (FABP) was purified from the soluble fraction of kidney homogenates using gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. It was relatively abundant, had an apparent molecular mass of 15.5 kDa as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, bound equimolar amounts of oleic acid, and could be distinguished from other FABPs on the basis of size, amino acid composition, and tissue distribution. Polyclonal antibodies to kidney FABP were obtained and used to show that only kidney contained the 15.5-kDa protein, although the antibodies also recognized a slightly larger and less abundant protein in kidney that also was present in bladder. Rat kidney also contained heart FABP, and the properties of both FABPs in rat kidney were compared. The distribution of both proteins within the kidney differed, with kidney FABP being localized almost exclusively within the cortex, whereas heart FABP was found both in cortex and medulla. Kidney FABP was expressed developmentally after the neonatal period, whereas heart FABP was present in both neonatal and adult kidney at comparable amounts. Hypertension induced by mineralocorticoids or infusion of angiotensin II caused a marked suppression of kidney FABP expression, whereas amounts of heart FABP in kidney were unchanged. The studies showed that rat kidney contains at least two FABPs, and that these proteins are differentially regulated, suggesting that functional differences between the proteins may exist. PMID- 3170610 TI - Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNAs encoding the alpha-subunit of human electron transfer flavoprotein. AB - cDNAs encoding the precursor of the alpha-subunit of human electron transfer flavoprotein (p alpha-ETF) were cloned and sequenced. The cDNAs span 1,300 base pairs and include the entire coding region of 333 amino acids. The identity of the p alpha-ETF clones was confirmed by hybrid selected translation, by transcription/translation of a cDNA, and by mitochondrial processing of the protein produced by these translations. The identity of the cDNA clones was further confirmed by matching the amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNAs to amino acid sequences determined from seven tryptic peptides prepared from purified rat alpha-subunit of electron transfer flavoprotein (alpha-ETF). Ninety-eight of 105 amino acids from these rat alpha ETF tryptic peptides matched with those deduced from the human cDNAs. The seven amino acid substitutions are presumably due to species difference. The calculated molecular weight of the human alpha-ETF precursor was 35,084. The amino-terminal amino acid of the mature protein could not be determined by amino-terminal sequencing, presumably due to blockage and, therefore, an accurate molecular weight of mature alpha-ETF could not be calculated. The molecular sizes of the precursor and mature alpha-ETF have been estimated to be 35 and 32 kDa, respectively, by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 3170611 TI - A heritable variant of mouse liver ornithine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.13) induced by ethylnitrosourea. AB - A variant of ornithine aminotransferase (OAT, EC 2.6.1.13) has been detected in an offspring of a male mouse treated with ethylnitrosourea. The evidence presented to support the identification of the protein variant (ENU 2) as altered OAT includes (a) a corresponding 50% decrease in the abundance of a protein, located one charge unit basic to the variant, which comigrates on two-dimensional gel patterns with purified mouse liver OAT; (b) the binding of anti-rat-OAT antibody to the variant; (c) the increased abundance of the variant protein in the livers of mice fed a high protein diet (85% casein); and (d) purification of the variant through an OAT purification protocol. PMID- 3170612 TI - Sequences beyond the cleavage site influence signal peptide function. AB - The earliest events in protein secretion include targeting to and translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. To dissect the mechanism by which signal sequences mediate translocation in eukaryotes, we are examining the behavior of fusion proteins and deletion mutants in cell-free systems. We demonstrate that the protein domain being translocated can have profound impact on the efficiency of the translocation process. Specifically, deletions in the mature prolactin "passenger" domain, beyond the signal cleavage site, reduce the efficiency of signal function. The effect of these deletions on signal function is observed when this signal sequence is in its normal position, at the amino terminus, and when internalized by the addition of 117 amino acids of chimpanzee alpha-globin. Alterations in the interaction of the deletion mutants with the signal recognition particle and with another component of the translocation system, signal peptidase, were observed. Our results suggest that subtle changes in sequences beyond the signal cleavage site can alter the efficiency of co translational translocation by affecting various signal-receptor interactions. PMID- 3170613 TI - Partial structure of the gene for chicken cartilage proteoglycan core protein. AB - A genomic DNA fragment (gCORE-1), encoding a portion of the cartilage proteoglycan core protein, has been isolated from a phage library using cDNA as a probe. The genomic insert is about 17 kilobase pairs; two BamHI fragments of the insert (1.3 and 4.8 kilobase pairs) contain most of the hybridizable sequences found in the cDNA. Sequence analysis of these fragments shows that they contain a total of five exons that encompass 216 amino acid residues, all of which are identical to those of the corresponding cDNA sequence. Three of the exons, which are adjacent to one another, are very similar to the corresponding exons in the gene of a rat hepatic lectin as well as to an exon in the gene of human pulmonary surfactant-associated protein. There is a strong degree of conservation of amino acid sequences encoded in the three genes, although there is no similarity between their introns. The sizes of the five exons in gCORE-1, except for one (which is indeterminate because only a partial cDNA sequence is available), are less than 184 base pairs, whereas the sizes of the introns range from 218 to greater than 2629 base pairs. Four of the introns interrupt an exon codon at either their donor or acceptor sites, between the first and second nucleotides. Only one intron does not split a codon. Intron and exon boundary sites are in agreement with known consensus sequences for introns. The dispersed distribution and relatively small size of the exons, if representative of the entire gene, suggest that the complete gene which codes for the core protein may be quite sizable. PMID- 3170614 TI - Development of a mouse model to estimate the potency of the diphtheria toxoid component of diphtheria-tetanus and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines. AB - A mouse model to estimate the potency of the diphtheria toxoid component in diphtheria-tetanus vaccines and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines has been developed as an alternative to the conventional method of testing in guinea-pigs. Optimal conditions with regard to dose, route and period of immunization have been standardized. The maximum levels of antitoxin were detected five weeks after vaccination and the s.c. route was found to be optimal. Potency data have been compared with other studies in mouse models and with those obtained by the conventional method in guinea-pigs. PMID- 3170615 TI - A cell attachment assay for use in the standardization of serum products. AB - A culture tube assay has been developed which can be used to measure relative amounts of cell attachment activity present in different batches of serum or serum products. The assay utilizes a transformed line of BHK-21 cells which is highly dependent upon serum factors for attachment when the cells are subjected to mild liquid shear forces (tube rotation of 1 rpm). Approximately fivefold differences in attachment activity were observed between different batches of bovine calf serum, while up to 20-fold differences were observed between different batches of horse serum. Less than twofold differences were seen between different lots of fetal bovine serum. The assay appears to have application as a quality control measure for screening serum products. PMID- 3170618 TI - Turbulent stress measurements downstream of six mechanical aortic valves in a pulsatile flow model. AB - In a pulsatile flow model aortic Bjork-Shiley Standard, Convex-Concave and Monostrut valves were investigated together with the Hall-Kaster (Medtronic Hall), St Jude Medical and Starr-Edwards Silastic Ball valve using hot-film anemometry. Three-dimensional visualization of average systolic Reynolds normal stresses (RNS) reflected the design of the valves. Mean average RNS were used for comparison of the fluid dynamic performance along with Velocity Energy Ratio (VER100) and Turbulence Energy Ratio (TER) as a relative turbulence intensity for pulsatile flow. Mean average RNS ranged from 13.2 to 37.6 Nm-2 for all the valves with the highest levels for the Bjork-Shiley Standard and Starr-Edwards Ball valve and lowest values for the St Jude Medical valve and with the Hall-Kaster (Medtronic-Hall), Bjork-Shiley Convex-Concave and Monostrut valves in between. PMID- 3170616 TI - WHO international reference reagents for human proinsulin and human insulin C peptide. AB - Candidate preparations for international reference reagents for immunoassays of human proinsulin and human insulin C-peptide were evaluated in an international collaborative study. With the authorization of the Expert Committee on Biological Standardization of WHO, the following preparations were established as international reference reagents: human proinsulin (84/611, nominal ampoule content 6 micrograms) and human insulin C-peptide (84/510, 10 micrograms). Each preparation is intended as a primary reference reagent for the calibration of immunoassays. PMID- 3170617 TI - Some viscoplastic characteristics of bovine and human cortical bone. AB - Multiple cycle tensile creep tests were performed on human and bovine cortical bone specimens. The tests enabled total strain to be decomposed into elastic, linear viscoelastic, creep and permanent plastic components. The results indicate that a stress threshold exists; above which time dependent effects dominate material response and below which the behavior is primarily linear viscoelastic, with time effects playing only a secondary role. A constant stress above the threshold produces a constant steady state creep rate, with the magnitude of the creep rate being an exponential function of the stress magnitude. Additionally, it was found that a major portion of the inelastic strain is always recovered on unloading and that the accumulation of creep strain increases the material compliance on subsequent loadings below the threshold. These two factors suggest that a damage mechanism is responsible for the nonlinear behavior. PMID- 3170619 TI - Three-dimensional visualization of velocity fields downstream of six mechanical aortic valves in a pulsatile flow model. AB - Velocity fields downstream of 27 mm Bjork-Shiley Standard, Bjork-Shiley Convex Concave, Bjork-Shiley Monostrut, Hall-Kaster (Medtronic-Hall), St. Jude Medical and Starr-Edwards Silastic Ball aortic valves were studied in a pulsatile mock circulation. Stroke volume was 70 cm3 and frequency 71 min-1 and 88 min-1. Fluid velocity was measured by a catheter mounted hot-film anemometer probe in a glycerol water mixture one and two diameters downstream of the aortic valve. Velocity fields were dynamically visualized by a three-dimensional technique and revealed qualitative independence of frequency. All profiles were flat in the acceleration phase of systole. From peak systole and throughout the systolic deceleration phase profiles characteristic of the individual valves appeared. The pivoting and tilting disc valves caused a skewed velocity profile with highest velocities downstream of the major orifice and lowest velocities downstream of the minor orifice. The differences between the three investigated Bjork-Shiley valves were remarkable. The St. Jude Medical valve generated velocity peaks downstream of the two major orifices and the central slit, and lower velocities in the hinge areas. A rather flat profile with central hollowing was seen downstream of the Starr-Edwards Ball valve. All velocity profiles were more or less dampened two diameters downstream. PMID- 3170620 TI - Wall shear stress distribution in the human carotid siphon during pulsatile flow. AB - Wall shear stress distribution in the carotid siphon, which is a multiple curved segment of the internal carotid artery, is investigated numerically under physiological flow conditions. The computer simulation of flow through the model segment is based on the time-dependent, three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, solved numerically with a finite element method. The study shows the behavior of the wall shear stress-vector field and identifies the zones of high and low wall shear stress values during the cardiac cycle. PMID- 3170621 TI - Moment-rotation relationships of the ligamentous occipito-atlanto-axial complex. AB - The relationships between applied pure moments at the occiput (C0) and the resulting rotations at the atlanto-occipital (C0-C1) and atlanto-axial (C1-C2) joints are quantified. In axial twist, with a moment of 0.3 Nm, a mean rotation of about 2.5 degrees and 23.3 degrees was observed at C0-C1 and C1-C2 units respectively. Both the atlas and axis contributed to produce lateral bending motion. The ratio between extension and flexion rotations at C0-C1 was 2.5:1. Lateral bending and axial rotations were strongly coupled to each other. The occipito-atlanto-axial complex exhibited a large 'neutral zone' compared to lower cervical spine segments. The likely clinical significance of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3170623 TI - Comment on the paper 'Response of a human head/neck/upper-torso replica to dynamic loading--II. Analytical/numerical model'. PMID- 3170624 TI - Comment on 'Effects of knee flexion angle on the structural properties of the rabbit femur-anterior cruciate ligament-tibia complex'. PMID- 3170622 TI - On the construction, circuitry and properties of liquid metal strain gages. AB - A quick and easy method by which reliable and accurate liquid metal strain gages (LMSG) can be manufactured for use in measuring large strains within biological tissues has been developed. The circuitry used to power the gages is also simple and allows gage voltages to be recorded without the need for instrumentation amplifiers. An added advantage is that the gage output indicates absolute gage length rather than change in gage length. Lastly, evaluation of these gages error sensitivity has shown them to be acceptable for measurement of strains of magnitudes occurring within many soft tissues. PMID- 3170625 TI - Comment on 'Experimental determination of the linear biphasic constitutive coefficients of human fetal proximal femoral chondroepiphysis'. PMID- 3170626 TI - Comment on 'A biomechanical analysis of the talocalcaneal joint in vitro'. PMID- 3170627 TI - Further evidence for a noradrenaline-independent storage of dopamine in the dog kidney. AB - 1. The endogenous dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) tissue levels in three different areas of the dog kidney, and their modification by 6-hydroxydopamine (6 OHDA), pargyline plus 6-OHDA, pargyline or reserpine were studied by means of high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 2. 6-OHDA alone or in combination with pargyline induced parallel decreases of DA and NA contents in the inner cortex. In the outer cortex and the medulla, 6-OHDA selectively reduced NA without a parallel decrease in DA tissue content. Previous treatment with pargyline abolished this selectivity in the outer cortex but not in the medulla. Five days after administration of pargyline alone, DA and NA tissue content was not different from that observed in controls. 3. Reserpine caused a marked decrease in the DA and NA tissue content in all the three renal areas studied, though in the medulla a reserpine-resistant DA-component was found. 4. On the basis that small dense cored vesicles (SDCV) in noradrenergic neurones are more susceptible to 6-OHDA than large dense cored vesicles (LDCV), and that this difference is abolished by previous administration of pargyline, our findings suggest that the 6-OHDA-insensitive store of DA in the outer cortex of the dog kidney is located in a neuronal compartment different from that which contains NA, but most probably in noradrenergic neurones. PMID- 3170628 TI - Involvement of P1-purinoreceptors in the relaxing effect of adenosine in rat duodenum. AB - 1. In isolated segments of rat duodenum, adenosine (50 microM-2 mM) caused a very rapid and short-lasting relaxation that was associated with a marked decrease in the amplitude of spontaneous contractions. 2. Theophylline (0.1-0.8 mM) and 8 phenyltheophylline (1-10 microM) antagonized, in a concentration-dependent manner, the effects of 0.3 mM adenosine on smooth muscle tension and spontaneous activity. 3. The concentration-response curves for adenosine (50 microM-2 mM) were progressively shifted to the right by increasing concentrations of theophylline and of 8-phenyltheophylline, with no change in the maximum effect. 4. 8-Phenyltheophylline (5 microM) did not affect relaxations induced by noradrenaline (0.5 microM) and by isoprenaline (5 nM). 5. These results indicate that the effects exerted by adenosine on rat duodenum are mediated by P1 purinoreceptors. PMID- 3170629 TI - Changes in affinity states during down-regulation of muscarinic receptors in tracheal smooth muscle of organophosphate-treated swine. AB - 1. Subacute (daily) treatment of male swine with the organophosphate acetylcholinesterase inhibitor diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) resulted in tolerance to the effects of DFP within 5-6 days. 2. Subacute administration of DFP resulted in a 98% inhibition of tissue cholinesterase after 7 days and in a decrease of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate [( 3H]QNB) binding sites in homogenates of tracheal smooth muscle by 77%. The maximal density of receptors (Bmax) decreased from 1.8 +/- 0.4 to 0.5 +/- 0.1 pmole mg-1 protein. There was no significant change in the dissociation constant (Kd) for [3H]QNB binding. 3. Pirenzepine displacement of [3H]QNB binding was best described by a single binding site model, with a Ki of 230 +/- 40 nM. This value was unchanged following seven days of DFP treatment (250 +/- 30 nM). The low affinity for this M1 antagonist suggests that there is predominantly a single population of [3H]QNB binding sites of the M2 subtype in tracheal smooth muscle. 4. Carbachol displacement of [3H]QNB binding yielded data best fit by a two-binding site model. The dissociation constants were KiL = 210 +/- 60 microM (61 +/- 1%) and KiH = 1.2 +/- 0.4 microM (39 +/- 1%) respectively (n = 7) for the low and high affinity states. Seven-day treatment with DFP reduced the percent of high affinity receptors to 25 +/- 4%. 5. Addition of Mg++ to the incubation medium prevented this shift in the proportion of low and high affinity receptors. Gpp(NH)p and Mg++ together decreased the proportion of the high affinity receptors when added to the incubation medium in control tissue (to 25%), but not tissue from 7-day DFP-treated swine. NEM increased the proportion of muscarinic receptors in the high affinity state both for controls and for the DFP-treated swine, in both cases yielding receptors with identical binding properties. 6. Thus, subacute administration of DFP causes not only a decrease in the number of receptors, but also a change in the affinity of the receptors for agonists which is related to the interaction of the guanine nucleotide binding protein and the muscarinic receptor. PMID- 3170630 TI - The effects of variations in the number and sequence of targeting signals on nuclear uptake. AB - To determine if the number of targeting signals affects the transport of proteins into the nucleus, Xenopus oocytes were injected with colloidal gold particles, ranging in diameter from 20 to 280 A, that were coated with BSA cross-linked with synthetic peptides containing the SV-40 large T-antigen nuclear transport signal. Three BSA conjugate preparations were used; they had an average of 5, 8, and 11 signals per molecule of carrier protein. In addition, large T-antigen, which contains one signal per monomer, was used as a coating agent. The cells were fixed at various times after injection and subsequently analyzed by electron microscopy. Gold particles coated with proteins containing the SV-40 signal entered the nucleus through central channels located within the nuclear pores. Analysis of the intracellular distribution and size of the tracers that entered the nucleus indicated that the number of signals per molecule affect both the relative uptake of particles and the functional size of the channels available for translocation. In control experiments, gold particles coated with BSA or BSA conjugated with inactive peptides similar to the SV-40 transport signal were virtually excluded from the nucleus. Gold particles coated with nucleoplasmin, an endogenous karyophilic protein that contains five targeting signals per molecule, was transported through the nuclear pores more effectively than any of the BSA peptide conjugates. Based on a correlation between the peri-envelope density of gold particles and their relative uptake, it is suggested that the differences in the activity of the two targeting signals is related to their binding affinity for envelope receptors. It was also determined, by performing coinjection experiments, that individual pores are capable of recognizing and transporting proteins that contain different nuclear targeting signals. PMID- 3170631 TI - Incorporation of a product of mevalonic acid metabolism into proteins of Chinese hamster ovary cell nuclei. AB - We have examined the nuclear localization of isoprenylated proteins in CHO-K1 cells labeled with [14C]mevalonate. Nuclear proteins of 68, 70, and 74 kD, posttranslationally modified by an isoprenoid, are also components of a nuclear matrix-intermediate filament preparation from CHO cells. Furthermore, the 68-, 70 , and 74-kD isoprenylated polypeptides are immunoprecipitated from cell extracts with two different anti-lamin antisera. Based on exact two-dimensional comigration with lamin B, both from rat liver lamin and CHO nuclear matrix intermediate filament preparations, and its immunoprecipitation with anti-lamin antisera, we conclude that the 68-kD isoprenylated protein found in nuclei from [14C]mevalonate-labeled CHO cells is lamin B. The more basic 74-kD isoprenylated nuclear protein is similar in molecular mass and isoelectric pH variants to the lamin A precursor polypeptide reported by others. Starving cells for mevalonate results in a dramatic accumulation of a polypeptide that comigrates on two dimensional, non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (NEPHGE) gels with the 74-kD isoprenylated protein. The 70-kD isoprenylated protein, which is resolved on NEPHGE gels as being higher in molecular mass and slightly more basic than lamin B, has not yet been identified. PMID- 3170632 TI - Expression of a testis-specific hsp70 gene-related RNA in defined stages of rat seminiferous epithelium. AB - Changes in the level of a testis-specific hsp70 gene-related transcript (hst70 RNA) and its cellular localization during the cycle of rat seminiferous epithelium have been investigated. Segments of seminiferous tubules at defined stages of the cycle were isolated in living condition by transillumination assisted microdissection and the exact stages identified by phase-contrast microscopy of live cell squashes. The levels of the hst70 RNA were determined by Northern and slot blotting of whole cell lysates. High levels were found in stages XII-XIV and I to early VII of the cycle, and low levels were found in other stages, i.e., late VII (VIId) through VIII-XI of the cycle. The in situ hybridization revealed that the hst70 gene was activated in late pachytene primary spermatocytes during stage XII of the cycle, and that mRNA was then present in cells during differentiation through diakinesis, meiotic divisions, and early spermiogenesis (steps 1 through early 7). The activation of the gene coding for hst70 RNA shortly before meiotic divisions may indicate that the gene product is needed either during differentiation of late spermatocytes into spermatids or later during spermiogenesis, and that the mRNA may be stored in early spermatids. PMID- 3170633 TI - Characterization of a renal tubular epithelial cell line which secretes the autologous target antigen of autoimmune experimental interstitial nephritis. AB - Proximal tubular epithelial cells from mice which develop autoimmune interstitial nephritis were found to express the nephritogenic target antigen, 3M-1. Anti-3M-1 mAbs (alpha 3M-1-Ab) were used to positively select for 3M-1-secreting tubular epithelium and, after stabilization in culture, this new cell line (MCT) was examined for the production of several moieties important to either immune interactions or to the development of extracellular matrix. Alkaline phosphatase staining MCT cells also express epithelial growth factor receptors with a Kd of 0.87 nM and an epithelial growth factor receptor constant (Ro) of 2.1 X 10(4) receptors/cell. MCT culture supernatants contain greater amounts of laminin, and types IV and V procollagens compared to types I and III procollagens, and growing MCT cells on type I collagen matrix causes them to preferentially secrete even more type IV and V procollagen. The 30,000-Mr 3M-1 antigen could be immunoprecipitated from biosynthetically labeled MCT cell supernatants with alpha 3M-1-Ab. An identical-sized moiety was isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography from collagenase-solubilized mouse kidney tubular basement membranes. The 3M-1 antigen can be found on the MCT cell surface by radioimmunoassay, or deposited in a linear array in the extracellular matrix surrounding the MCT cells in culture by immunofluorescence. Mature messenger RNA species for both class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules were detected by Northern hybridization, and their corresponding cell surface gene products were detected by cytofluorography of MCT cells stained with haplotype-specific antibodies. Both the cell surface 3M-1 and the small amounts of detected class II MHC molecules appear to be biologically functional, as MCT cells can support the proliferation of 3M-1-specific, class II MHC-restricted helper T cells in culture. These findings suggest that MCT cells provide all the necessary biological parameters for interfacing both as the target of a nephritogenic immune response, and as a potential source for new extracellular matrix which develops as a fibrogenic response to interstitial nephritis. PMID- 3170635 TI - Dynamic instability of individual microtubules analyzed by video light microscopy: rate constants and transition frequencies. AB - We have developed video microscopy methods to visualize the assembly and disassembly of individual microtubules at 33-ms intervals. Porcine brain tubulin, free of microtubule-associated proteins, was assembled onto axoneme fragments at 37 degrees C, and the dynamic behavior of the plus and minus ends of microtubules was analyzed for tubulin concentrations between 7 and 15.5 microM. Elongation and rapid shortening were distinctly different phases. At each end, the elongation phase was characterized by a second order association and a substantial first order dissociation reaction. Association rate constants were 8.9 and 4.3 microM-1 s-1 for the plus and minus ends, respectively; and the corresponding dissociation rate constants were 44 and 23 s-1. For both ends, the rate of tubulin dissociation equaled the rate of tubulin association at 5 microM. The rate of rapid shortening was similar at the two ends (plus = 733 s-1; minus = 915 s-1), and did not vary with tubulin concentration. Transitions between phases were abrupt and stochastic. As the tubulin concentration was increased, catastrophe frequency decreased at both ends, and rescue frequency increased dramatically at the minus end. This resulted in fewer rapid shortening phases at higher tubulin concentrations for both ends and shorter rapid shortening phases at the minus end. At each concentration, the frequency of catastrophe was slightly greater at the plus end, and the frequency of rescue was greater at the minus end. Our data demonstrate that microtubules assembled from pure tubulin undergo dynamic instability over a twofold range of tubulin concentrations, and that the dynamic instability of the plus and minus ends of microtubules can be significantly different. Our analysis indicates that this difference could produce treadmilling, and establishes general limits on the effectiveness of length redistribution as a measure of dynamic instability. Our results are consistent with the existence of a GTP cap during elongation, but are not consistent with existing GTP cap models. PMID- 3170634 TI - Acetylcholine receptors and concanavalin A-binding sites on cultured Xenopus muscle cells: electrophoresis, diffusion, and aggregation. AB - Using digitally analyzed fluorescence videomicroscopy, we have examined the behavior of acetylcholine receptors and concanavalin A binding sites in response to externally applied electric fields. The distributions of these molecules on cultured Xenopus myoballs were used to test a simple model which assumes that electrophoresis and diffusion are the only important processes involved. The model describes the distribution of concanavalin A sites quite well over a fourfold range of electric field strengths; the results suggest an average diffusion constant of approximately 2.3 X 10(-9) cm2/s. At higher electric field strengths, the asymmetry seen is substantially less than that predicted by the model. Acetylcholine receptors subjected to electric fields show distributions substantially different from those predicted on the basis of simple electrophoresis and diffusion, and evidence a marked tendency to aggregate. Our results suggest that this aggregation is due to lateral migration of surface acetylcholine receptors, and is dependent on surface interactions, rather than the rearrangement of microfilaments or microtubules. The data are consistent with a diffusion-trap mechanism of receptor aggregation, and suggest that the event triggering receptor localization is a local increase in the concentration of acetylcholine receptors, or the electrophoretic concentration of some other molecular species. These observations suggest that, whatever mechanism(s) trigger initial clustering events in vivo, the accumulation of acetylcholine receptors can be substantially enhanced by passive, diffusion-mediated aggregation. PMID- 3170636 TI - The unusual microtubule polarity in teleost retinal pigment epithelial cells. AB - In cells of the teleost retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), melanin granules disperse into the RPE cell's long apical projections in response to light onset, and aggregate toward the base of the RPE cell in response to dark onset. The RPE cells possess numerous microtubules, which in the apical projections are aligned longitudinally. Nocodazole studies have shown that pigment granule aggregation is microtubule-dependent (Troutt, L. L., and B. Burnside, 1988b Exp. Eye Res. In press.). To investigate further the mechanism of microtubule participation in RPE pigment granule aggregation, we have used the tubulin hook method to assess the polarity of microtubules in the apical projections of teleost RPE cells. We report here that virtually all microtubules in the RPE apical projections are uniformly oriented with plus ends toward the cell body and minus ends toward the projection tips. This orientation is opposite that found for microtubules of dermal melanophores, neurons, and most other cell types. PMID- 3170638 TI - Differential expression of cell surface glycoproteins on various organ-derived microvascular endothelia and endothelial cell cultures. AB - Glycoproteins expressed on the luminal surfaces of microvascular endothelium derived from various murine organs were analyzed and compared with those expressed by cultured vascular endothelial cells. Cell-surface vascular proteins were radiolabeled in situ via intracardiac perfusion with lactoperoxidase/Na125I. Autoradiography confirmed that the radiolabel was restricted to the vessel lumen in most tissues. Controls contained 125I-labeled serum proteins to identify adsorbed serum components. Glycoproteins were analyzed by western enzyme-linked lectin analysis using detergent extracts of 125I-labeled microvessels isolated from different organs. The western transfers were probed with a panel of lectin peroxidase conjugates to determine differences in protein glycosylation. The same transfers were also screened for exposed 125I-labeled cell-surface proteins by autoradiography. This dual analysis detected glycoprotein patterns unique for each organ. At least seven major proteins (Mr approximately 180 K, 130 K, 95 K, 80 K, 75 K, 60 K, 12 K) were common to microvessels derived from each organ; however, certain glycoproteins appeared to be expressed differentially in particular organs. For example, a Mr approximately 135 K WGA-binding glycoprotein was detected in brain microvessels, whereas another WGA-binding glycoprotein of Mr approximately 40 K was detected only in kidney. In lung microvessels, a Mr approximately 140 K WGA binding glycoprotein and a Mr approximately 55 K RCA-I binding galactoprotein were expressed preferentially, and liver microvessels displayed Mr approximately 220 K protein and a Mr approximately 35 K PNA-binding galactoprotein. The cell-surface-iodinated protein profiles from in situ labeled microvessels were similar to profiles derived from cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells and several short-term endothelial cell cultures isolated from different organs. The results from this study suggest that organ-associated endothelia express glycoprotein fingerprints unique to each organ. PMID- 3170637 TI - Actions of cytochalasins on the organization of actin filaments and microtubules in a neuronal growth cone. AB - Actions of cytochalasin B (CB) on cytoskeletons and motility of growth cones from cultured Aplysia neurons were studied using a rapid flow perfusion chamber and digital video light microscopy. Living growth cones were observed using differential interference contrast optics and were also fixed at various time points to assay actin filament (F-actin) and microtubule distributions. Treatment with CB reversibly blocked motility and eliminated most of the phalloidin stainable F-actin from the leading lamella. The loss of F-actin was nearly complete within 2-3 min of CB application and was largely reversed within 5-6 min of CB removal. The loss and recovery of F-actin were found to occur with a very distinctive spatial organization. Within 20-30 s of CB application, F-actin networks receded from the entire peripheral margin of the lamella forming a band devoid of F-actin. This band widened as F-actin receded at rates of 3-6 microns/min. Upon removal of CB, F-actin began to reappear within 20-30 s. The initial reappearance of F-actin took two forms: a coarse isotropic matrix of F actin bundles throughout the lamella, and a denser matrix along the peripheral margin. The denser peripheral matrix then expanded in width, extending centrally to replace the coarse matrix at rates again between 3-6 microns/min. These results suggest that actin normally polymerizes at the leading edge and then flows rearward at a rate between 3-6 microns/min. CB treatment was also observed to alter the distribution of microtubules, assayed by antitubulin antibody staining. Normally, microtubules are restricted to the neurite shaft and a central growth cone domain. Within approximately 5 min after CB application, however, microtubules began extending into the lamellar region, often reaching the peripheral margin. Upon removal of CB, the microtubules were restored to their former central localization. The timing of these microtubule redistributions is consistent with their being secondary to effects of CB on lamellar F-actin. PMID- 3170639 TI - Abnormal proteins as the trigger for the induction of stress responses: heat, diamide, and sodium arsenite. AB - Thermotolerance and synthesis of heat shock proteins are induced in cells in response to a variety of environmental stresses. We examined the suggestion of Hightower (1980) that modifications of intracellular proteins may be the triggering event that induces heat shock protein synthesis and thermotolerance. We did so by modifying cellular proteins, using diamide, a sulfhydryl oxidizing agent, and dithio-bis (succinimidyl propionate), an agent that cross-links bifunctional amino groups. Both of these agents induced heat shock proteins and thermotolerance in CHO (HA-1) cells. Furthermore, we observed cross-resistance and self-tolerance with three seemingly unrelated stimuli (diamide, heat, and sodium arsenite). This observation suggests that the induction of protective responses to these stimuli is mediated by a common mechanism. The results support the hypothesis that production of abnormal proteins by various stresses induces the stress responses as well as tolerance. PMID- 3170640 TI - Growth-dependent subcellular redistribution of protein kinase C in cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells. AB - We have previously observed major differences in the phosphorylation of membrane proteins in sparse, proliferating versus confluent, quiescent pig aortic endothelial cells (EC) (Kazlauskas and DiCorleto, 1987). In the present study we examined whether EC growth state can influence the activity of a specific phosphorylating enzyme, protein kinase C (PKC) in cytosolic and membrane fractions of pig aortic EC. Levels of PKC were measured using two methods: 1) Ca2+ and phospholipid-dependent phosphorylation of exogenous histones using gamma labeled [32P]ATP, and 2) [3H]phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) binding activity. The total amount of PKC activity in the quiescent versus proliferating cells was similar but the percentage of PKC activity in the membrane fraction correlated with the proliferative index of the cells: confluent, quiescent cultures exhibited a majority of PKC activity in the cytosolic fraction (67%), whereas sparse, proliferating cultures contained principally membrane-bound PKC (70%). We also examined the role of PKC in the mitogenic response of pig aortic EC to fetal calf serum. Following serum stimulation of sparse, serum-deprived pig aortic EC, PKC activity redistributed from the cytosolic to the membrane fraction in a rapid process that correlated with subsequent DNA synthesis. A potent activator of PKC, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), induced a minimal mitogenic response in pig aortic EC when added alone but acted synergistically with low concentrations of fetal calf serum to greatly stimulate DNA synthesis. Furthermore, pig aortic EC treated with TPA for 24 h to down-regulate PKC exhibited only 25% of the serum-stimulated mitogenic activity of control cultures. These results suggest a role for PKC activation and translocation in the proliferation of pig aortic EC. PMID- 3170641 TI - Similarities in glycosylation and transport between the secreted and plasma membrane forms of the epidermal growth factor receptor in A-431 cells. AB - We have studied the synthesis and oligosaccharide processing of the 110,000 dalton form of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor that is secreted into the medium of A-431 cells. Its 90,000 dalton precursor is soluble within the lumen of intracellular membrane vesicles shortly after synthesis, indicating that it lacks a membrane anchor. Analysis of labeled glycopeptides reveals that the glycosylation of the 110,000 dalton, secreted receptor is very similar to that of the 170,000 dalton, plasma membrane receptor. Based on Concanavalin A-Sepharose elution profiles of its glycopeptides, the secreted receptor has both complex and high-mannose N-linked oligosaccharides. Also, like the plasma membrane receptor, the secreted receptor contains N-acetylgalactosamine residues in its complex chains. Not only are major features of oligosaccharide processing of the soluble and membrane-bound forms of the receptor similar, but the kinetics of transport to the cell exterior is the same for each. These data indicate that the glycosylation pattern and kinetics of cellular transport of the EGF receptor are determined by factors other than the sequence of its cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains. PMID- 3170642 TI - Normal nonmetastatic human trophoblast cells share in vitro invasive properties of malignant cells. AB - First-trimester normal human trophoblast cells show some phenotypic similarities to malignant cells, e.g., rapid proliferation and ability to invade neighboring tissue, including basement membrane in situ, but do not have the ability for unlimited growth or metastasis. The present study examined whether the invasive ability of normal trophoblast cells is an intrinsic property of these cells, independent of the microenvironment provided by the pregnant uterus, and if so, whether they share some of the molecular mechanisms of invasion exercized by metastatic malignant cells. The ability of in vitro grown human trophoblast lines to invade an epithelium-free human amniotic membrane was measured from the temporal kinetics of retention of radioactivity within this membrane resulting from a penetration by 125I-iododeoxyuridine-labeled trophoblast cells. The magnitude of this invasion was compared to that of the highly metastatic human JAR-choriocarcinoma cell line and murine B16F10 melanoma line. Trophoblasts were found to share some of the same molecular mechanisms of invasion with the metastatic cell lines. Inhibitors of collagenase, plasmin, plasminogen, and plasminogen activators completely prevented invasion of the amnion by the trophoblast lines as well as by the metastatic JAR and B16F10 lines. Mersalyl, a compound known to activate collagenase, stimulated invasion by all cell lines tested, including under conditions in which plasmin activity was inhibited. In addition, trophoblasts produced significant levels of type IV collagenase and laminin, both of which appear to be important products of metastatic tumor cells required for basement membrane invasion. It may be concluded from these findings that the invasive property of first trimester human trophoblasts is genetically determined; that the magnitude of amnion invasion cannot differentiate between metastatic cell lines and invasive but nonmetastatic cell lines; and that invasiveness is not a sufficient prerequisite for metastatic ability. PMID- 3170643 TI - Concanavalin A-induced impairment of fibroblast spreading on laminin but not on fibronectin. AB - The effect of concanavalin A (Con A) on the adhesion of 8-day-old chick embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) to fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LM) was studied. Con A was shown to inhibit the spreading of CEF on a LM substrate. In contrast, no inhibition of CEF spreading on the FN substrate could be detected when the quantity of FN coated varied from 0.5 to 4 pmoles. The effect induced by Con A was specific, since it was abolished by 100 mM alpha-methylmannopyranoside. The inhibition of CEF spreading was only observed when the lectin was added during the 20 min following cell plating. In addition, the effect of Con A on CEF spreading on the LM substrate was shown to be dependent upon its presence at the cell surface, since under conditions which accelerate the uptake of the lectin, the effect on cell spreading is no longer detectable. Furthermore, the number of CEFs attached to LM was not modified by the lectin. The molecular weight of the isolated Con A binding sites revealed glycoproteins ranging from 30,000 to 72,000. On the other hand, these Con A binding sites did not interact with LM Sepharose. Only a protein with a molecular weight of 68,000 which did not express affinity for Con A bound tightly to the LM-Sepharose. These data suggested that cell surface Con A binding sites do not interfere with the initial step of CEF adhesion to LM but play a key role during their spreading on this glycoprotein. PMID- 3170644 TI - Role of IIb-IIIa-like glycoproteins in cell-substratum adhesion of human melanoma cells. AB - The platelet fibrinogen receptor, glycoprotein complex IIb-IIIa, was isolated from human platelets by lectin and monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography and a polyclonal antiserum (anti-IIb-IIIa) was generated and used to probe for the presence and function of IIb-IIIa-like molecules in two adherent human cell lines. Both C32 melanoma cells and WI38 fibroblasts expressed a IIb-IIIa-like complex on their surface as indicated by immunoprecipitation of detergent extracts of surface radiolabeled cells. When added to cells plated in medium containing 10% serum, the anti-IIb-IIIa antiserum perturbed the adhesion of C32 melanoma cells, but not of WI38 fibroblasts. In a serum-free system, anti-IIb IIIa antibodies inhibited attachment and spreading of C32 cells to fibrinogen, vitronectin, and fibronectin adsorbed to glass. Anti-IIb-IIIa had no effect on the attachment and spreading of WI38 cells to the extracellular matrix proteins, however. Thus, the IIb-IIIa-like complex appears to play a predominant role in cell-substratum adhesion of C32 cells, but not WI38 cells, and may result from the fact that, on a protein basis, the C32 melanoma cells express approximately 3 times more complex on their surface than do WI38 fibroblasts. The results suggest that the relative abundance of a particular adhesion receptor on the cell surface may govern its importance to cell-substratum adhesion. PMID- 3170645 TI - Characterization of chloride uptake in Drosophila Kc cells. AB - Drosophila Kc cells use at least two mechanisms for chloride uptake. These transport systems can be distinguished by their kinetic properties and by their differential sensitivity to various drugs. One transport system predominates at [Cl-]o below 30 mM and is greater than fivefold more sensitive to disulfonic stilbenes than the second system. At [Cl-]o above 30 mM, the predominant uptake mechanism is inhibited by vanadate and nitrate. PMID- 3170646 TI - Mitochondrial DNA molecules and virtual number of mitochondria per cell in mammalian cells. AB - A new biochemical method for estimating the virtual number of mitochondria (mt) per cell was developed and used together with a plasmid probe to measure mt DNA/mitochondrion and mt DNA/cell. These methods were used in five cell types from four mammalian species. Mt DNA/mitochondrion was essentially constant in all cell types (mean 2.6 +/- 0.30 SE mitochondrial DNA molecules/mt). Mt DNA molecules/cell encompassed an eight-fold range between various cell types (low 220 +/- 6.2; high 1,720 +/- 162 mt DNA molecules/cell). Virtual mt number/cell ranged from 83 +/- 17 to 677 +/- 80 (SE) mt/cell in various cell types. All five mammalian virtual mitochondria contained the same genomic mass. The number of virtual mitochondria per cell and amount of mt DNA per cell appear to be closely regulated within a given cell type but differ widely from cell type to cell type. PMID- 3170647 TI - Differential effect of D-penicillamine on the cell kinetic parameters of various normal and transformed cellular types. AB - The cell-growth-inhibitory and phase-specific effects of D-penicillamine on cell cycle progression were investigated using cell-proliferation patterns, quantitative cell-cycle analysis by flow cytometry, and determination of the mitotic index and binucleate cell fraction of normal (rabbit articular chondrocytes, L 809, rabbit fibroblasts) and transformed (HeLa, L 929) cells. D penicillamine treatment resulted in an inhibition of growth within a dose range of 5 x 10(-4) M to 7.5 x 10(-3) M. Examination of DNA by flow cytometric analysis revealed that rabbit articular chondrocytes were preferentially arrested in the G0/1 phase of the cell cycle, whereas the other cell lines were blocked in the G2 + M phase; the increase in the proportion of cells with G2 + M DNA content was partially due to an enhancement of binucleate cells, resulting in a cytokinesis perturbation for HeLa and L 929 cells. These results showed that D-penicillamine affects cell proliferation through different events according to cell type. PMID- 3170648 TI - Multiple mechanisms for the inhibition of rRNA synthesis during HL-60 leukemia cell differentiation. AB - Treatment of HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells with inducers of granulocytic differentiation produces a depletion of cellular rRNA, with the anthracycline antibiotics aclacinomycin A (ACM) and marcellomycin (MCM) causing a more rapid loss than dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). This action is associated with a large reduction in RNA synthesis, which precedes any decreases in protein or DNA synthesis, and is specific for rRNA relative to total polyadenylated RNA synthesis. A 70% reduction in rRNA synthesis occurs within 20 minutes of ACM treatment and by 30 hours of DMSO exposure. Relative to the amount of 28S and 18S rRNA in the cells, there is a nearly complete depletion of the amount of 45S rRNA and other large rRNA precursors in cells treated with ACM, MCM, and the intercalating agent actinomycin D. In contrast, DMSO treatment produces a more coordinated decrease in 18S and 28S rRNA and rRNA precursors. The anthracycline antibiotics inhibited the synthesis of 5' proximal and 3' distal regions of the pre-rRNA transcript, while actinomycin D had a relatively sparing effect on the transcription of the 5' external transcribed spacer region of the gene relative to depletion of 3' transcripts. These studies demonstrate that different inducers of HL-60 differentiation have varying sites of action on rRNA synthesis and/or processing, with depletion of cellular rRNA as a common consequence. PMID- 3170649 TI - Cells with marrow and spleen repopulating ability and forming spleen colonies on day 16, 12, and 8 are sequentially ordered on the basis of increasing rhodamine 123 retention. AB - Mouse bone marrow cells (BMC) were subjected to countercurrent centrifugal elutriation and subsequently separated on the basis of light scatter and fluorescence intensity after being labeled with the supravital dye Rhodamine 123 (Rh-123). The sorted cells were then assayed for their in vivo spleen colony forming ability (day -8, -12, and -16 CFU-S) and their ability to repopulate the bone marrow or spleen over a 13-day period with CFU-S-12, CFU-GM, or nucleated cells. Cells with marrow repopulating ability (MRA), as measured by the ability of the sorted cells to repopulate the marrow with secondary CFU-S-12 or CFU-GM, had low affinity for Rh-123. These cells showed minimal spleen colony-forming ability, and the ratio of MRA to CFU-S-12 in this preparation was 309. Cells with spleen repopulating ability (SRA), CFU-S-16, CFU-S-12, and CFU-S-8 retained increasing amounts of Rh-123, respectively, and CFU-S-8 were almost exclusively found among cells with high Rh-123 affinity. These cells also included about half of all day-12 CFU-S, and the ratio of MRA to day-12 CFU-S was 0. The results show that MRA cells, SRA cells, CFU-S-16, CFU-S-12, and CFU-S-8 can be sequentially ordered on the basis of increasing mitochondrial activity. The data also demonstrate for the first time, and without the application of negative selection by the use of cytostatic agents, that MRA cells are a separate class of primitive hemopoietic stem cells that fully meet the criteria of pre-CFU-S. PMID- 3170650 TI - Transforming growth factor beta responsiveness is modulated by the extracellular collagen matrix during hepatic ito cell culture. AB - Hepatic sinusoidal Ito cells have the capacity to produce interstitial collagen types I and III as well as other matrix proteins and may be involved in hepatic fibrogenesis. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) responsiveness was evaluated during in vitro cell culture, since increasing evidence suggests that this ubiquitous polypeptide can stimulate the production of collagenous proteins in a variety of cell types. TGF beta induced marked inhibition of Ito cell proliferation for cells grown on either a type I or a type IV collagen matrix. In marked contrast, the collagen synthetic response was considerably different for cells grown on a type I versus a type IV collagen matrix. When cells were grown on a type I collagen matrix, TGF beta caused a significant increase in the accumulation of collagen type I and III. When Ito cells were grown on a type IV collagen matrix, there was no stimulation of collagen production. TGF beta responsiveness was also evaluated in the setting of altered vitamin A concentrations. Freshly isolated Ito cells are engorged with vitamin A, the usual physiologic storage site for hepatic vitamin A. During in vitro culture and during in vivo fibrogenesis, Ito cells lose their vitamin A stores coincident with a transformation to a collagen-producing myofibroblast-like cell. When cultured Ito cells were grown on a type I collagen matrix and re-exposed to an increased concentration of vitamin A, the production of interstitial collagen was reduced. However, when the vitamin A-enriched Ito cells were exposed to TGF beta, the production of interstitial collagen was increased, similar to cells that had not received vitamin A. PMID- 3170651 TI - Amphiphile-induced heart muscle-cell (myocyte) injury: effects of intracellular fatty acid overload. AB - Lipid amphiphile toxicity may be an important contributor to myocardial injury, especially during ischemia/reperfusion. In order to investigate directly the potential biochemical and metabolic effects of amphiphile overload on the functioning heart muscle cell (myocyte), a novel model of nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA)-induced myocyte damage has been defined. The model uses intact, beating neonatal rat myocytes in primary monolayer culture as a study object and 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid (TOFA) as a nonmetabolizable fatty acid. Myocytes incubated with TOFA accumulated it as NEFA, and the consequent NEFA amphiphile overload elicited a variety of cellular defects (including decreased beating rate, depletion of high-energy stores and glycogen pools, and breakdown of myocyte membrane phospholipid) and culminated in cell death. The amphiphile induced cellular pathology could be reversed by removing TOFA from the culture medium, which resulted in intracellular TOFA "wash-out." Although the development and severity of amphiphile-induced myocyte injury could be correlated with both the intracellular TOFA/NEFA content (i.e., the level of TOFA to which the cells were exposed) and the duration of this exposure, removal of amphiphile overload did not inevitably lead to myocyte recovery. TOFA had adverse effects on myocyte mitochondrial function in situ (decoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, impairing respiratory control) and on myocyte oxidative catabolism (transiently increasing fatty acid beta oxidation, citric acid cycle flux, and glucose oxidation). The amphiphile-induced bioenergetic abnormalities appeared to constitute a state of "metabolic anoxia" underlying the progression of myocyte injury to cell death. This anoxic state could be ameliorated to some extent, but not prevented, by carbohydrate catabolism. PMID- 3170652 TI - Extent and properties of nonbulk "bound" water in crystalline lens cells. AB - Crystalline lenses provided good material to study and measure the properties of cellular water. Different methods were used to establish the extent and properties of nonbulk water in mammalian lenses. These methods include: NMR titration analysis, a test of the osmotic properties, a test of dye exclusion In lenses with intact cell membranes and in lenses with disrupted cell membranes, and the water-holding capacity of lenses subjected to 40,000 x g for 1 hour with intact cell membranes and in lenses with disrupted cell membranes. The data from these methods, as well as other data from the literature, lead to the conclusion that most, if not all, of the water in lens cells (up to 2.2 g water/g dry mass) has motional and osmotic properties that distinguish it from bulk water. These findings call into question the common and convenient assumption that all but a small proportion of cellular water is like that in dilute solution. PMID- 3170653 TI - Requirement for mevalonate in cycling cells: quantitative and temporal aspects. AB - In order to investigate a requirement for isoprenoid compounds in the cell cycle, DNA synthesis was examined in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells in which mevalonate biosynthesis was blocked with mevinolin, a competitive inhibitor of 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Treatment of exponentially-growing cultures with mevinolin led to a decline in DNA synthesis and cell cycle arrest in G1. Synchronous DNA synthesis and cell division could be restored in the arrested cultures, in the absence of exogenous mevalonate, by removing the inhibitor from the culture thereby allowing expression of an induced level of HMG-CoA reductase. In order to quantitate the mevalonate requirement for entry into S phase, recovery of DNA synthesis was made dependent upon added mevalonate by preventing the induction of the enzyme using 25-hydroxycholesterol, a specific repressor of HMG-CoA reductase synthesis. When cultures were treated with both inhibitors, optimal recovery of DNA synthesis was obtained with 200 micrograms/ml mevalonate following an 8 h lag, whereas a progressively longer lag time was found with lower concentrations of mevalonate. Exogenous dolichol, ubiquinone, or isopentenyladenine had no effect on the arrest or recovery of DNA synthesis. Cholesterol was required during the arrest incubation for cell viability, but was not sufficient for recovery in the absence of mevalonate. The recovery of DNA synthesis by 200 micrograms/ml mevalonate, which was maximal 14 16 h after the addition of mevalonate, only required that the mevalonate be present for the first 4 h, whereas more than an 8-h incubation was required for maximal recovery with 25 micrograms/ml mevalonate. Maximal recovery at either concentration of mevalonate was achieved after approximately 400 fmol mevalonate/micrograms protein was incorporated into non-saponifiable lipids. This quantity represents approximately 0.1% of the mevalonate required for the synthesis of total cellular isoprenoid compounds. The results indicate that production of a quantitatively minor product(s) of mevalonate metabolism is required during the first 4 h following release of the block before other cellular events necessary for entry into S phase can occur. PMID- 3170654 TI - Thermal analysis of CHL V79 cells using differential scanning calorimetry: implications for hyperthermic cell killing and the heat shock response. AB - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to assay thermal transitions that might be responsible for cell death and other responses to hyperthermia or heat shock, such as induction of heat shock proteins (HSP), in whole Chinese hamster lung V79 cells. Seven distinct peaks, six of which are irreversible, with transition temperatures from 49.5 degrees C to 98.9 degrees C are detectable. These primarily represent protein denaturation with minor contributions from DNA and RNA melting. The onset temperature of denaturation, 38.7 degrees C, is shifted to higher temperatures by prior heat shock at 43 degrees and 45 degrees C, indicative of irreversible denaturation occurring at these temperatures. Thus, using DSC it is possible to demonstrate significant denaturation in a mammalian cell line at temperatures and times of exposure sufficient to induce hyperthermic damage and HSP synthesis. A model was developed based on the assumption that the rate limiting step of hyperthermic cell killing is the denaturation of a critical target. A transition temperature of 46.3 degrees C is predicted for the critical target in V79 cells. No distinct transition is detectable by DSC at this temperature, implying that the critical target comprises a small fraction of total denaturable material. The short chain alcohols methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and t-butanol are known hyperthermic sensitizers and ethanol is an inducer of HSP synthesis. These compounds non-specifically lower the denaturation temperature of cellular protein. Glycerol, a hyperthermic protector, non specifically raises the denaturation temperature for proteins denaturing below 60 degrees C. Thus, there is a correlation between the effect of these compounds on protein denaturation in vivo and their effect on cellular sensitivity to hyperthermia. PMID- 3170655 TI - Enhanced constitutive expression of the 27-kDa heat shock proteins in heat resistant variants from Chinese hamster cells. AB - Four heat-resistant variants were isolated after treatment of Chinese hamster lung cells with the mutagen ethyl methane sulfonate, followed by a single-step selection procedure consisting in a severe hyperthermic treatment of 4 h at 44 degrees C. The isolated clones had a stable resistant phenotype for at least 150 generations during which they showed a 5,000-fold increased survival to a 4-h treatment at 44 degrees C when compared to wild-type cells. Comparative two dimensional electrophoretic analyses of proteins revealed that, like induced thermotolerant wild-type cells (i.e., cells induced to a transient physiological state of thermotolerance by a sublethal heat conditioning treatment administered 18 h before), the heat-resistant variants had, at normal temperature, an increased content of a heat-shock protein with Mr of 27,000 (HSP27). In three of the four heat-resistant variants, the increased content of HSP27 was correlated with a two-fold increase in the constitutive level of the mRNA encoding HSP27. Chinese hamster HSP27 is composed of three species that differ in their relative isoelectric point, among which the two most acidic forms are phosphoproteins. In both the heat-resistant variant and wild-type cells, heat shock induces a rapid enhancement of the phosphorylation of HSP27: maximal phosphorylation occurs within 10 min upon changing the incubation temperature from 35 degrees to 44 degrees C. A concomitant shift in silver-staining intensity is rapidly detectable between the three isoforms, which seems to indicate that the two phosphorylated species represent post-translational modifications of the more basic species. It is concluded that most likely the enhanced expression of HSP27 is linked to the resistant phenotype of the variants. The study provides supporting evidence that both the content and phosphorylation status of HSP27 are determining factors in the ability of cells to survive hyperthermic treatments. PMID- 3170656 TI - Comparison of the biological actions of TGF beta-1 and TGF beta-2: differential activity in endothelial cells. AB - Beta transforming growth factor (TGF beta) has multiple in vitro biological effects including stimulation or inhibition of proliferation of specific cell types. A second major form of TGF beta, TGF beta-2, has recently been isolated from porcine platelets, from bovine bone matrix, and from several other sources. The two forms of TGF beta are biologically equipotent with the exception that TGF beta-2 was much less active than TGF beta-1 for inhibition of proliferation of a rat pleuripotent hematopoietic stem cell line. During the purification of beta TGF from bone, we obtained two fraction pools that differed in their ability to inhibit 3H-thymidine incorporation into aortic endothelial cells (AEC). We therefore compared highly purified TGF beta-1 and TGF beta-2 isolated from porcine platelets for inhibition of DNA synthesis in mink lung epithelial cells (MvILu), and in AEC, and for stimulation of 3H-thymidine incorporation in calvarial bone cells (CBC) in 3 experiments. TGF beta-1 and TGF beta-2 inhibited cell proliferation in MvILu with no significant differences in the ED50 (31 +/- 8 pg/ml vs 23 +/- 7). TGF beta-2 was much less potent than TGF beta-1 in inhibiting DNA synthesis in AEC (6310 +/- 985 pg/ml vs 101 +/- 34). The reduced specific activity of TGF beta-2 was also observed in adrenal capillary endothelial cells. Both beta-1 and beta-2 stimulated proliferation of CBC (ED50 26 +/- 2 pg/ml vs 10 +/- 4). We also examined the specificity of the MvILu and AEC inhibition assays. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (FGF), skeletal growth factor (SGF)/insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) did not inhibit DNA synthesis in either assay system. However, when the growth factors were added to maximal inhibiting concentrations of TGF beta-1, both acidic and basic FGF significantly reduced TGF beta-1 inhibition in AEC. We conclude that (1) inhibition of DNA synthesis in endothelial cells is relatively specific for TGF beta-1, (2) inhibition of DNA synthesis in MvILu is a sensitive and specific assay for generic TGF beta activity but does not distinguish beta-1 from beta-2, (3) the relative inhibition of DNA synthesis in MvILu and AEC may provide a means to quantitatively estimate TGF beta-1 and TGF beta-2, and (4) both TGF beta-1 and TGF beta-2 are potent mitogens for chicken embryonic calvarial bone cells. PMID- 3170657 TI - Influence of the extracellular matrix on the proliferative response of human skin fibroblasts to serum and purified platelet-derived growth factor. AB - The culture of adult human skin fibroblasts on reconstituted bovine type 1 fibrillar collagen gels, ranging in concentration from 2.5-35.0 mg/ml, results in a reduction in proliferation rate by 40%-60% as measured by (3H) thymidine incorporation. The suppressive effect was noted when cells were cultured in both human and bovine serum. Drying the gels into thin films abolishes the suppressive effect of the fibrillar collagen on cell proliferation. Cell attachment studies showed that differences in the proliferation rate of cells on the various substrata were not simply due to differences in initial attachment. Studies with purified platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) demonstrated that the reduced responsiveness of cells to this factor, when cultured on collagen gels as compared to plastic, was largely responsible for the reduced proliferative activity of the cells when cultured in the presence of serum. The reduced proliferative activity of fibroblasts in response to PDGF, when cultured on collagen gels, was confirmed by total DNA determination. It was shown that the reduced responsiveness of cells to PDGF was not simply because the factor bound to the fibrillar collagen gel or was inaccessible to the cells. The data indicate that the reduced proliferation rate of fibroblasts cultured on collagen gels is a direct result of the influence of the extracellular matrix on the cells' ability to respond to a soluble mitogenic mediator. PMID- 3170658 TI - Effect of ultraviolet light on the expression of genes for human U1 RNA. AB - Two types of UV-light-induced inhibitions of the synthesis of small nuclear RNA species U1, U2, U3, U4, and U5 were described previously: an immediate inhibition and a separate, delayed suppression that requires 1-2 hr of postirradiation cell incubation and UV doses that are about tenfold lower. In the present report, U1 RNA transcription in isolated nuclei from HeLa cells, assayed by RNAase T1 protection, reproduced the delayed inhibition. The sizes of the protected RNA fragments suggest that it is the initiation of U1 RNA transcription that is blocked during this inhibition. Transient expression of a marked human U1 RNA gene that contains 425 and 92 nucleotides of the 5' and 3' flanking sequences, respectively, showed delayed, but not immediate inhibition (while the endogenous U1 RNA genes exhibited immediate suppression). This indicates that continuity of the U1 gene flanking sequences beyond those segments and/or chromosomal integration of the U1 gene are not needed for the delayed inhibition, but may be required for the immediate inhibition. Irradiation of a U1 RNA gene, followed by its injection into Xenopus laevis oocyte nuclei, did not reproduce the immediate or delayed inhibitions. This suggests that direct UV radiation damage to DNA in the U1 RNA gene region is not the critical lesion in either the immediate or delayed UV-light-induced inhibitions of U1 RNA synthesis. In addition, the RNAase T1 protection pattern of transcripts synthesized in isolated nuclei from nonirradiated HeLa cells suggests that these cells may produce small amounts of U1 RNA molecules with variant nucleotide sequences in the mature region of the transcript. PMID- 3170660 TI - Difficult fractures of the hand and wrist. PMID- 3170661 TI - Treatment of closed articular fractures of the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints. AB - One hundred thirty-four closed articular fractures of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints were reviewed to identify common fracture patterns, assess results, and define the most successful methods of treatment. Articular involvement greater than 20 per cent and displacement more than 1 to 2 mm usually requires open reduction and internal fixation. Fracture involvement and displacement were better tolerated by the MCP than PIP joint. Problem fractures and treatment recommendations are discussed. PMID- 3170659 TI - Murine cerebral microvascular endothelium incorporate and metabolize 12 hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. AB - Cultured murine cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells were employed to study the metabolism of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) in an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier. These endothelial cells convert 12-HETE to at least four, more polar compounds. Analysis of the least polar and predominant metabolite by gas chromatography combined with chemical ionization and electron impact mass spectrometry of reduced and nonreduced derivatives indicate that the compound is 8-hydroxyhexadecatrienoic acid (8-HHDTrE). The uptake of 12-HETE into cell phospholipids peaks at 2 hr, and is not saturable up to the highest concentration tested, 5 microM. Seventy-five to 92% of this 12-HETE is incorporated into phosphatidylcholine, while the remainder is divided between the inositol and ethanolamine phospholipids. Incorporation into neutral lipids is slower, with radioactivity gradually accumulating in triglycerides over 24 hr. Saponification of cell lipids demonstrated that not only 12-HETE, but also its major metabolite, 8-HHDTrE, is incorporated into the cell lipids. Prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2 production by the cerebral endothelial cells is inhibited by up to 56% with 1 microM and 90% with 5 microM 12-HETE. These data demonstrate that 12-HETE is actively metabolized by cerebral endothelium and suggest at least two mechanisms through which 12-HETE may alter cerebromicrovascular function: 1) incorporation into cerebral endothelial membranes and 2) inhibition of cerebral endothelial prostaglandin production. Conversion of 12-HETE to more polar compounds, particularly 8-HHDTrE, may be interpreted as either the inactivation of 12-HETE or the production of additional, biological mediators. PMID- 3170662 TI - Liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection for the determination of choline and acetylcholine in plasma and red blood cells. Failure to detect acetylcholine in blood of humans and mice. AB - An assay is described for the measurement of choline in plasma and red blood cells using liquid chromatography, an enzyme reactor and electrochemical detection after a simple sample pretreatment. The intra-assay coefficient of variation for choline was 6.2 and 3.8% in plasma and in red blood cells, respectively. Using this method we have re-investigated the presence of acetylcholine in blood constituents. We were not able to demonstrate acetylcholine with a limit of detection of 10 pmol per ml of plasma or per ml of red blood cells. PMID- 3170663 TI - Method to determine the enantiomers of ibuprofen from human urine by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - By means of ethyl chloroformate, ibuprofen enantiomers were coupled to 4 methoxyaniline. The resulting amides were resolved from each other and from urinary constituents on a Pirkle column using an isocratic mobile phase with ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. Applicability of this method for the determination of inter-individual differences in urinary metabolic profiles of ibuprofen enantiomers is demonstrated. The chromatographic behavior of the corresponding amide derivatives of two ibuprofen metabolites is also described. PMID- 3170664 TI - Simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the measurement of amiloride in body fluids. AB - A simplified rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure has been developed for the measurement of amiloride in plasma or urine. Solid-phase extraction columns provide quick, clean and simple sample preparation, allowing ten samples to be processed in less than 5 min. The HPLC system uses a standard reversed-phase (C18) column with detection by ultraviolet absorption at 365 nm. The assay has been used to define plasma amiloride concentration-time profiles and to quantitate urine amiloride recovery in healthy men after repeated administration at two doses. PMID- 3170665 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of eclanamine and its N-desmethyl and N,N-didesmethyl metabolites in urine. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been defined for the determination of eclanamine (free base of eclanamine maleate) and two of its metabolites, N-desmethyleclanamine and N,N-didesmethyleclanamine in urine. The method employs 10-ml urine samples, has a linear range from 5 to 500 ng/ml for the three compounds, and has a detection limit of 0.5 ng/ml for each compound. Sample preparation uses a cyanopropylsilane extraction column with washes of water, acetonitrile-water (30:70, v/v), and acetonitrile, and elution with 2% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile. The eluate is evaporated to dryness, the residue dissolved in 1.0 ml acetonitrile-water (10:90, v/v) and 100 microliter are injected onto a Supelcosil LC-CN column. Eclanamine and its metabolites are eluted with an acetonitrile-water (35:65, v/v) eluent containing 0.01 M triethylamine and adjusted to pH 7.0 with phosphoric acid. The method has been validated by preparing and analyzing a series of fortified urines (range 2-500 ng/ml for each compound) on four separate days. Good linearity, precision, reproducibility, and specificity were obtained. Certification of the analytical method was accomplished by analyzing urine specimens collected from one volunteer administered a single oral dose of 45 mg eclanamine maleate. The data suggest that the metabolites of eclanamine have long elimination half-lives with levels still quantifiable in the 72-96 h collection interval. PMID- 3170666 TI - Rapid and simple procedure for the determination of urinary phenylacetic acid using derivatization in aqueous medium followed by electron-capture gas chromatography. PMID- 3170667 TI - Analysis of salsolinol in human brain using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 3170668 TI - Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the determination of dimethylacetamide and metabolites in whole blood. PMID- 3170670 TI - Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of pelanserin, a novel antihypertensive agent, in plasma samples. PMID- 3170669 TI - Clozapine plasma levels determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. PMID- 3170672 TI - Simple method for the determination of rhein in biological fluids by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3170671 TI - Steric protection of a modified glass surface with adsorbed polyacrylamide: interactions with blood proteins. AB - Glass beads chemically modified with aluminol (A1OH) groups were coated with a monolayer of high-molecular-mass polyacrylamide at different temperatures and exposed to 125I-labelled albumin and fibrinogen solutions for 1 h. No adsorption of albumin was observed, whereas fibrinogen adsorption increased as a function of temperature. These observations were interpreted in terms of the density and stability of the adsorbed polymer layer. At 25 degrees C, where fibrinogen adsorption was already important, it was shown, using 3H-labelled polyacrylamide, that fibrinogen partly displaced the polymer from its adsorption sites. PMID- 3170673 TI - Assay of debrisoquine and 4-hydroxydebrisoquine in urine by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography using on-line sample clean-up on a standard isocratic chromatograph. PMID- 3170674 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic method with electrochemical detection for the concomitant assay of sulphadiazine, sulphamerazine and sulphapyridine in plasma. PMID- 3170675 TI - Field-adapted method for high-performance thin-layer chromatographic detection and estimation of chloroquine in finger-stick blood. PMID- 3170676 TI - Human urinary beta-mannosidase: behaviour towards two chromatographic supports. PMID- 3170677 TI - Melatonin and other indoles in rat pineal. PMID- 3170678 TI - Plasma B6 vitamer and 4-pyridoxic acid concentrations of men fed controlled diets. AB - A rapid and sensitive procedure is described for the analysis of all the B6 vitamers and 4-pyridoxic acid in human plasma utilizing reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and fluorometric detection. Pyridoxal phosphate values obtained by radiometric and chromatographic, ultraviolet and fluorometric, assays were highly correlated as were pyridoxine phosphate values determined using both detectors. Plasma B6 vitamer and 4 pyridoxic acid concentrations of 22 men fed diets containing 0.75-0.98 mg of vitamin B6 daily for eight weeks were in the range of reported values; pyridoxal phosphate was their predominant plasma B6 vitamer. This methodology should be useful in the assessment of vitamin B6 requirements. PMID- 3170679 TI - Simultaneous determination of clomipramine and its N-desmethyl metabolite in human whole blood by capillary gas chromatography with mass-selective detection. AB - A method for the simultaneous determination of clomipramine and its N-desmethyl metabolite at concentrations down to ca. 2 nmol/l in human whole blood is described. After addition of a known amount of deuterium-labelled internal standards, compounds are extracted into n-heptane-isoamyl alcohol (99:1, v/v) at basic pH, back-extracted into an acidic aqueous solution and re-extracted at basic pH into n-heptane. N-Desmethylclomipramine and the internal standard are derivatized with pentafluoropropionic anhydride. The compounds are determined by capillary gas chromatography with mass-selective detection. The technique was applied to determine the human blood concentrations of clomipramine and its N desmethyl metabolite after oral administration of Anafranil; mean blood concentrations are reported. PMID- 3170680 TI - Bioanalysis of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine. AB - (E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine is an antiviral drug that is experimentally used for modulation of the antitumour effect of fluoropyrimidines, such as ftorafur and 5-fluorouracil. The isolation of the analyte, in the presence of 5 fluorouracil, from the matrix is performed either by means of a simple protein precipitation (plasma) or by means of a liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate (urine). Following pretreatment, the analyte is analysed by reversed phase chromatography and quantified by absorbance detection at 307 nm. The minimum detectable concentration in plasma and urine samples is ca. 6 ng/ml. The recovery after deproteination of plasma samples is 75%, while after liquid-liquid extraction of urine the recovery amounts 92%. The degree of protein binding of the analyte, measured by ultrafiltration, is found to be 97%. These data allow the bioanalysis of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine for pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 3170681 TI - Seventh International Symposium on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Proteins, Peptides and Polynucleotides. I. Washington, DC, November 2-4, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3170682 TI - Molecular orientation of immunoglobulin G at high concentration on an ion exchange sorbent. AB - The change of molecular orientation of IgG, bound on a strong-anion-exchange surface, was studied using a generalization of the stoichiometric displacement model, over the entire range of protein adsorption isotherms. The Z number was found to decrease with increasing stationary phase protein concentration, approaching a limiting value. The analogy of the multiple equilibria model within highly cooperative identical binding sites was suggested as a possible way to evaluate the observed change in Z number with the protein concentration. PMID- 3170683 TI - Ion-exchange chromatography of proteins on a polyethyleneimine-grafted hydrophilic polymer for high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A new, macroporous, synthetic polymer, Hydrophase HP-PEI, having highly hydrophilic surface characteristics enhanced by evenly distributed polyethyleneimine groups on its surface, was evaluated as an high-performance ion exchange chromatographic packing material for the separation of proteins and nucleotides. A steel column (100 mm x 7.8 mm I.D.) packed with this material produces more than 33,000 plates per m. This base polymer included large proteins, such as thyroglobulin and apoferritin, in a size-exclusion mode. With various proteins it gave high recovery, high resolution and high capacity. PMID- 3170684 TI - Chromatographic evaluation of large-pore and non-porous polymeric reversed phases. AB - The polymeric reversed-phase packing material, PRP-1, a macroporous copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene has been used for the liquid chromatographic analysis of proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, pharmaceuticals and other biologically active materials. The PRP-1 phase has an average pore diameter of 75 A which may limit its applicability to smaller molecules. Hence a complementary series of larger pore poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) packing materials has been prepared. Chromatographic evaluation of 100-, 200- and 300-A polymeric stationary phases showed identical small molecule selectivity through the series and similar sample load capacities. The 300-A material showed the best resolution of protein samples during gradient elution. Its performance is compared to that of a non-porous PRP whose pore diameter may be considered infinite. Ghosting, recovery and column efficiency were also evaluated. The chief benefit of the PRP packing is its hydrolytic stability from pH 1 to 13. Hydrolytic removal of protein contaminants from analytical PRP columns and packings was demonstrated. PMID- 3170685 TI - Chromatography of proteins on hydrophobic interaction and ion-exchange chromatographic matrices: mobile phase contributions to selectivity. AB - The effect of mobile phase pH on the retention characteristics of eleven proteins was examined in hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) on a SynChropak propyl stationary phase. Selectivity was shown to change with eluent pH. The effect of the displacing salt on the separation of proteins on a weakly hydrophobic weak-anion-exchange chromatography (AEC) packing was examined. Some differences in selectivity were observed when sodium sulfate was used as the displacing salt, compared to that observed with sodium chloride in the eluent. It was demonstrated that these AEC packings exhibited both electrostatic and hydrophobic properties, depending upon the type and concentration of salt used in the mobile phase. The addition of 20% ethylene glycol to the mobile phase was shown to reduce the hydrophobic interactions. The application of weakly hydrophobic weak-cation-exchange packings to HIC of proteins was demonstrated. Elution of such columns with descending sodium sulfate gradients was found to provide a selectivity different from that observed with a propyl stationary phase. Manipulation of mobile phases was shown to provide useful selectivity as a result of the combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic contributions to the separation process. PMID- 3170686 TI - Reduction studies on bacterial recombinant somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor-1. AB - N-Met-Somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor-1 (rSmC) had been produced in recombinant Escherichia coli in monomeric form. The intact rSmC peptide is initially synthesized in E. coli cells in denatured form as inclusion bodies. The rSmC peptide in these inclusion bodies was found in reduced form. Isolation of this rSmC peptide was accomplished by separation and dissolution of the inclusion bodies, with dissociation of non-covalently aggregated species. The reduced rSmC was converted to a metastable state, termed un-refolded rSmC. Further processing of this rSmC generated two other isomers, termed refolded rSmC. The transitions of the peptide among these different states, reduced rSmC, un-refolded rSmC, and refolded rSmC can be readily monitored by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. By reduction and re-oxidation of the purified individual isomers we found that they are likely to be related to each other as conformation isomers which appear to be stabilized by disulfide bonds. PMID- 3170687 TI - Reversible subunit dissociation of tumor necrosis factor during hydrophobic interaction chromatography. AB - Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) of recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) results in reversible dissociation of the quaternary protein structure yielding separation of trimer and monomer peaks. Gel electrophoresis, size exclusion, fluorescence polarization and rechromatography were used to identify the trimeric and monomeric species. Relative amounts of these peaks varied as a function of temperature and column contact time. When TNF was chromatographed in the presence of partially proteolyzed [14 kilodalton (kD)] TNF, two additional peaks, identified as the 14-kD monomer and heterotrimer of TNF and the 14-kD fragment, appeared. Rechromatography of this heterotrimer produced TNF monomer and 14-kD peaks establishing that the multiple peak pattern in HIC was due to quaternary dissociation. Incubating TNF in denaturants prior to non-denaturing size-exclusion chromatography resulted in apparent protein unfolding. However, free, undenatured monomer was not observed. We conclude that TNF is most likely a trimer, which is tightly held together by hydrophobic forces, and that the tertiary structure of the monomer is stabilized through this subunit association. The hydrophobicity of the sorbent surface mediates reversible dissociation of the trimers to monomers through hydrophobic stabilization of the monomeric tertiary structure. After elution, the TNF monomers reassociate to form the native TNF trimer. PMID- 3170688 TI - Chromatographic resolution of lysozyme variants. AB - There are seven avian lysozyme variants of nearly identical three-dimensional structure which have amino acid substitutions broadly distributed on their surface. By using these protein variants, it was possible to study the relationship between protein structure and chromatographic retention. It was determined that according to the mode of separation various regions of the proteins surface determine chromatographic retention. At one extreme, immunosorbents targeted a very small region on the protein surface. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography was an intermediate case in which one surface domain of the lysozymes controlled chromatographic behavior. At the opposite extreme, cation-exchange columns probed most of the protein surface. It was concluded that identification of random variations in protein structure will be most successfully detected by a separation mode that broadly targets the surface of a protein. PMID- 3170689 TI - Correlation of calcitonin structure with chromatographic retention in high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Chromatographic selectivity and position specificity were examined by using deletion and substitution analogues of calcitonin (CT), a 32-amino acid polypeptide. The biological activity of CT has been shown to be related to structural features, including a regular spacing of hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues in positions 8-22. The effect of structure on retention behavior in hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) and reversed-phase chromatography (RPC) of 19 CT analogues was examined. No simple correlation was found between chromatographic retention and amino acid composition. Deletion of one leucine residue reduced retention in both chromatographic systems, but the magnitude of the change depended upon the site at which the deletion occurred. For example, deletion analogues des(Leu16)-, des-(Leu12)-, des(Leu10)-, des(Leu9)-, des(Leu4) , and salmon calcitonin had retention times of 5.22, 8.44, 11.64, 13.53, 15.45, and 20.28 min, respectively, in HIC in contrast to RPC retentions of 15.19, 15.84, 28.53, 27.57, 25.92 and 34.79 min, respectively. Serine deletion was also shown to be position-specific. Non-amphiphilic analogues were eluted before amphiphilic ones. Circular dichroic spectral studies showed that the CT analogues possessed little secondary structure in the HIC solvents in contrast to alpha helix formation in RPC solvents. The HIC data provided indirect evidence of secondary structure, induced in the amphiphilic CT analogues at the HIC solvent chromatographic surface interface. Solute-solvent interactions contributed to differences observed between the selectivity of RPC and HIC. PMID- 3170690 TI - Effects of reductive alkylation on peptide retention times. AB - Reductive alkylation of primary amino groups is used to introduce nuclear magnetic resonance or radioactive probes into proteins. Because of electrostatic and conformational effects, reductive alkylation is not always complete. We describe herein a rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for separating and quantitating mixtures of native and reductively alkylated peptides. Small synthetic peptides were chosen to illustrate the effects of methylation and isopropylation of primary amino groups on chromatographic retention times. Mixtures of unmodified and reductively methylated or isopropylated peptides (Gly-Leu-Tyr, Gly-Gly-Lys-Arg, Arg-Lys-Asp-Val-Tyr and Pro Gly-Lys-Ala-Arg) could be separated. Chromatography was on a 5-micron, 25 cm x 0.4 I.D., C18 reversed-phase column with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in a 10 to 80% linear gradient of acetonitrile in water, a system appropriate for protein digests. The relative concentrations of native, and singly and doubly alkylated peptide were determined as well as the effective retention coefficients for dimethyl and isopropyl groups. The method shows promise for the peptide mapping of partially alkylated proteins. PMID- 3170691 TI - Isolation and comparative peptide mapping of fibrinogen subunits by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Comparative peptide mapping represents one approach to identification of structural defects in variant human fibrinogens. In view of the large size of this protein, we chose to generate peptide maps of fibrinogen subunits. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to isolate the subunits: fibrinogen was reduced with dithioerythritol and alkylated with iodoacetamide. Subunits were isolated on a Vydac TP, C4 column (25 x 1.0 cm). Eluent A was 0.1% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid (TFA); eluent B was 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile. Initial conditions were 65% A, 35% B, at 2 ml/min. The reduced alkylated subunits were lyophilized, redissolved in 0.1% TFA plus 4-8 M guanidine HCl, and chromatographed using a linear gradient (1%/min) to 50% B. This procedure provides homogeneous subunits in yields exceeding 90%, and is therefore superior to conventional cation-exchange chromatography. For comparative peptide mapping, the same stationary and mobile phases were used, except that the initial conditions were 90% A/10% B, and a linear gradient to 60% B (1%/min) was used. Alternatively, peptide maps were generated with a 10 x 0.46 cm Spherisorb ODS-2 column and very shallow gradients. The mapping procedure resolves 45-60 peptides with excellent reproducibility, and has been applied to the identification of an apparent polymorphism in fibrinogen Baltimore II, and the structural defect in fibrinogen Baltimore IV. PMID- 3170692 TI - Tandem separation schemes for preparative high-performance liquid chromatography of proteins. AB - Preparative chromatography of protein mixtures was carried out by tandem separation schemes involving frontal chromatography followed by stepwise desorption or displacement. In this way, with columns and instruments generally employed in analytical high-performance liquid chromatography, proteins could be purified in quantities similar to those typically separated by a preparative scale system. A mixture of beta-lactoglobulin A and B was loaded onto an anion exchange column, and, in the process, a large fraction of the less-retained beta lactoglobulin B was recovered in pure form. The column was then flushed with the carrier, and subsequent desorption of the substances bound on the stationary phase was carried out by single-step desorption, two-step desorption, or displacement. With this mixture, the last two methods yielded approximately the same results in terms of the amount of product obtained per unit column volume. Whereas stepwise desorption is a simpler technique than displacement, the latter is required for the separation of components having similar adsorption behavior. In another set of experiments, a protein mixture obtained by heat treatment of human growth hormone was fractionated on a reversed-phase column. After loading the column by frontal chromatography, which separated a large fraction of the main product from the other components retained by the column, four desorption steps were applied to recover the individual components. These separation schemes offer an approach to preparative chromatography of proteins that is superior to conventional linear elution in terms of column load capacity, low mobile phase consumption, simultaneous separation and concentration, as well as enrichment of trace components. PMID- 3170693 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of complex mixtures of cyanogen bromide produced peptides from different proteins. AB - A variety of approaches have been required in order to achieve the resolution of large fragments from cyanogen bromide (CNBr) digests of Inc k chain (an immunoglobulin light chain), human serum albumin (HSA) and four of its mutants. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) under different conditions failed to resolve the Inc k chain digest; the three CNBr fragments (3.1, 6.7 and 13.7 kDa) were separated in a homogeneous form by gel HPLC. Five of the seven CNBr fragments (ranging from 3.4 to 20.0 kDa) obtained from CNBr cleavage of HSA can be resolved by a single reversed-phase HPLC step; separation of the other two requires modification of the eluent composition. Some structural features of the peptides seem to influence their chromatographic behaviour; by examining the elution patterns from albumin mutants, the sequence-related contribution of single amino acid residues is apparent. PMID- 3170694 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of epsilon (gamma-glutamyl)lysine and mono- and bis-gamma-glutamyl derivatives of putrescine and spermidine. AB - A sensitive, simple, and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is reported for the determination of epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine and certain gamma-glutamylpolyamines in selected fractions from ion-exchange chromatograms of protein digests. The method involves pre-column derivatization of the gamma-glutamylamine conjugates with o-phthalaldehyde, linear-gradient reversed-phase HPLC separation, and fluorimetric detection. The gradient used was designed to provide a means of avoiding a desalting step, while maintaining proper chromatographic performance. gamma-Glutamylamines in amounts from 0.1 to 1 nmol display linear concentration-response relationships. The detection limits are approximately 10 and 200 pmol per mg of protein for the gamma glutamylpolyamines and for epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine, respectively. The use of the method is exemplified by an analysis of the epidermal cell envelope from the skin of a newborn mouse. PMID- 3170695 TI - Rapid peptide mapping by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Short columns, packed with pellicular sorbents made of 2-micron fluid-impervious silica microspheres, were used at elevated column temperatures for rapid peptide mapping by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Enzymic digests of various proteins were chromatographed by gradient elution. In many cases the time of analysis was 10 min or less. In order to increase the retention particularly, that of short, polar peptides under such conditions, 1 mM octyl sodium sulfate or 5 mM hexyl sodium sulfate were added to the starting eluent. The length of the 4.6 mm I.D. columns was 30 or 75 mm, the sample load was in the range of 10-1000 pmoles. Highest analytical sensitivity was obtained at a flow-rate of 0.5 ml/min and room temperature, whereas for rapid analysis flow-rates of up to 2 ml/min were used at 80 degrees C. This temperature allowed the use of relatively high flow velocities of the mobile phase without significant loss in efficiency. The method was highly reproducible, as shown by the results obtained by automated analysis of cyanogen bromide fragments of lysozyme at high speed. The quality of the rapid peptide maps compares favorably with that of maps obtained by standard reversed-phase HPLC methods, which require much longer analysis times. PMID- 3170696 TI - Synthesis of a non-porous, polystyrene-based strong anion-exchange packing material and its application to fast high-performance liquid chromatography of proteins. AB - Adsorbed coating technology has been used to produce a strong anion-exchange stationary phase on 3-micron non-porous poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) particles. In order to take full advantage of the excellent kinetic properties of the resultant packing material, small columns of 5 mm X 6 mm I.D. were used. These columns were pressure- and pH-stable and allowed protein separations to be made in less than 1 min at ambient temperature. PMID- 3170697 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of amino acids, peptides and proteins. LXXXVI. The influence of different displacer salts on the retention and bandwidth properties of proteins separated by isocratic anion-exchange chromatography. AB - The influence of different displacer salts on the retention behaviour of seven globular proteins ranging in molecular weight from 12,000 to 69,000 was investigated using the Mono Q anion-exchange resin as the stationary phase. Isocratic retention data were collected using several different alkali metal halides as the displacing salt, thereby systematically varying the anion and cation species in the series F-, Cl- and Br- and Li+, Na+ and K+. The different anions were found to reduce protein retention in order of their decreasing hydrated ionic radii. Protein Zc values were found to be lower for fluoride and bromide than for chloride. It was demonstrated that the cationic co-ions also influence solute retention properties with this anion-exchange resin through, inter alia, preferential interactions with the protein solute. Protein band broadening was found to systematically vary with the choice of displacer salt. These changes were related to known Hofmeister effects on protein aggregation kinetics and solubility and the degree of ion penetration at the double layer of the stationary phase-mobile phase interface. These studies now provide a rapid comparative basis for evaluating the mechanism of co- and counter-ion interactions with proteins in high-performance ion-exchange chromatographic systems. PMID- 3170698 TI - Structure of human cervical mucus from light scattering measurements. AB - Using laser light scattering, photon correlation and spectral analysis, it was shown that cervical mucus is a non-Newtonian Hydrogel with large meshes (approximately 5 microns). The experimental results are in agreement with a model of hydrogel with weak linkages and are definitely not compatible with a model of entangled macromolecules. Large oscillations, induced by both thermal and mechanical excitation, have been observed in this medium, probably due to its non Newtonian character. PMID- 3170700 TI - The SCMC test: a reliable monitor for antispermatozoal antibodies. AB - Seventeen couples (13%) were selected from a group of 129 infertile patients according to the following criteria: (i) unexplained infertility for 3 years and (ii) greater than 50% shaking spermatozoa during SCMC testing. The couples were tested for sperm antibodies after a complete diagnostic work-up schedule. Post coital tests were performed during the first menstrual cycle of the wife, followed by SCMC and sperm antibody titre testing. Ten males and seven females were thus treated with 96 mg methylprednisolone. Nine (52%) of the 17 with sperm antibodies achieved a pregnancy. The results of the SCMC test were in all the cases indicative of the actual sperm antibody titre. Reduction of the antibody titre and a decrease in the percentage of shaking spermatozoa as detected by the SCMC test correlated well with the pregnancy rate amongst the patients. PMID- 3170699 TI - Efficacy of progesterone antagonist RU486 (mifepristone) for pre-operative cervical dilatation during first trimester abortion. AB - A randomized double-blind study (RU486 versus placebo) was carried out in order to investigate whether a progesterone antagonist facilitated surgical abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy. The consistency of the cervix changed significantly after RU486 (P less than 0.02). We conclude that this effect may facilitate cervical dilatation, making first trimester abortion under local anaesthesia more comfortable and less dangerous. PMID- 3170702 TI - Influence of system parameter settings on human sperm motility analysis using CellSoft. AB - The effect of changing CellSoft system parameter settings on measurements of motile sperm concentration and sperm movement characteristics (curvilinear and linear velocities, amplitude of lateral head displacement and beat/cross frequency) was investigated in semen. Specifically, the use of either four or 15 frames to distinguish motile from immotile cells was used in conjunction with a threshold curvilinear velocity of either 10 or 20 micron/s (recommended values: 4 and 10). In addition, a threshold for progressive motility based on linear velocity was also used by manual re-analysis of CellSoft Individual Cell Data printouts. Known reliable semen analysis methods or the analysis of manually reconstructed trajectories from videotape were used as standard methods for comparison. A curvilinear velocity threshold of 20 micron/s gave improved correspondence between CellSoft and standard methods for all characteristics evaluated. Whether a four or 15 frame setting was better varied with the measurement being made. However, using a linear velocity threshold to define the progressively motile sperm population provided the most acceptable values for sperm movement characteristics. Consequently, while substantial improvements in the measurements made by CellSoft can be obtained using different system parameters to those usually recommended, more reliable and certainly more useful information could probably be obtained if all analyses were performed on a defined population of progressively motile, and therefore potentially functional, spermatozoa. PMID- 3170701 TI - GIFT and IUI in the district general hospital. AB - Recent reports on gamete intra-Fallopian transfer (GIFT) in hospitals without IVF support have been encouraging. We report on the use of GIFT and intrauterine insemination (IUI) at Northampton General Hospital, where capital costs for setting up the programme have been low. To date seven IUI and three GIFT treatments have been completed, resulting in three IUI positive pregnancy tests. One miscarried after several positive beta-HCGs and one GIFT pregnancy was achieved. PMID- 3170703 TI - Are clinical and biological IVF parameters correlated with chromosomal disorders in early life: a multicentric study. AB - A multicentric study was carried out to analyse in a large series: (i) the chromosomal status of unfertilized oocytes, (ii) errors at fertilization and (iii) the chromosomal complement of cleaved embryos. Parameters such as type of sterility, maternal age, stimulation treatment, doses of gonadotrophins administered and oocyte preincubation time before insemination were studied in relation to the incidence of chromosome abnormalities. Twenty-six per cent of the unfertilized oocytes and 29.2% of the embryos had chromosome anomalies. Maternal age significantly increased the rate of aneuploidy in oocytes: 38% in patients over 35 years (versus 24% in younger patients). Fertilization-related abnormalities were significant, i.e. 1.6% parthenogenesis and 6.4% polyploidy. Unexplained infertility was correlated with an increase in the rate of parthenogenesis (4.2%) when compared with tubal infertility (1.2%). Triploidy was found to be correlated with three parameters. A lower rate of triploidy was observed in the group of couples referred because of male sterility (1.9% versus 6.3% for tubal sterility), in HMG-treated patients (2.4% versus 7% with analogues of LHRH/HMG) and with a short 2-h preincubation time before insemination (3% versus 7.2% for greater than 2 h). A general model for natural selection against embryos carrying a chromosome imbalance was proposed. PMID- 3170705 TI - Initial stages of sperm--egg interaction in a heterospecific system: fate of the post-acrosomal sheath and appearance of a particular material within the oocyte. AB - We describe the initial stages of the sperm--egg interaction in the human- hamster heterospecific system. The ultrastructural study reveals that fusion is initiated on both sides of the spermatozoon in the region extending from the anterior part of the post-acrosomal sheath (PAS) to the acrosome equatorial segment (AES). The splitting of the PAS and the appearance of a particular material within the oocyte subsisting until the pronuclear formation are described. The observation of the available electron micrographs suggests that this material may originate from the PAS. The role, the origin and the nature of this material are discussed. PMID- 3170704 TI - The gamete membrane fusion test to assay the fertilizing ability of human spermatozoa. AB - The value of the gamete fusion test for the assessment of human spermatozoa is assessed. The factors influencing the test are discussed, including the conditions of heterologous fertilization using zona-free oocytes such as the nature of sperm preparation, sperm concentration and capacitation time, and the importance of albumin in the medium. The oocytes can be examined before or after fixation, and the spermatozoa around the eggs assessed for acrosome changes, while the number of sperm tails on the oocyte can be related to the number of chromatin decondensations. The test provides information on the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa of given individuals, and may prove of value in testing contraceptives. PMID- 3170706 TI - Fertilization through spermatozoal microinjection: significance of acrosome reaction. AB - Acrosome-reacted spermatozoa were microinjected into the perivitelline space of mouse oocytes. After 2 h incubation in culture medium containing lactate and albumin, spermatozoa were transferred into culture medium containing 12 mM of dibutyryl cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (dbcGMP) and 10 mM imidazole for 20 min. One motile spermatozoon was injected into the perivitelline space of each oocyte. Fertilization was recognized by the presence of a second polar body and two pronuclei. The overall fertilization rate was 19.6% in the case of dbcGMP treated spermatozoa as compared to 5.3% for non-treated spermatozoa. Thus, acrosome-reacted motile spermatozoa improve the fertilization rate of sperm microinjection. Sperm microinjection may be a method to foster fertility in cases of oligo-/asthenozoospermia in human in-vitro fertilization. PMID- 3170707 TI - Early pregnancy loss and obstetrical risk after in-vitro fertilization and embryo replacement. AB - Between March 1983 and March 1986, 108 pregnancies were obtained at the IVF clinic of St Pierre Hospital in Brussels. There were 29 chemical pregnancies (26.8%), five ectopic pregnancies (4.6%), 15 abortions (14%) and 59 ongoing pregnancies of over 20 weeks (54%). Patients who had experienced a chemical pregnancy at first trial displayed a significantly higher rate of ongoing pregnancy at their second attempt. Among the 15 cases of abortion, a chromosomal anomaly was detected in two cases and suspected in a third. Four of the five ectopic pregnancies occurred in patients with previously documented tubal pathology. The ongoing pregnancies were distributed as 44 singletons, 13 pairs of twins, one set of triplets and one set of quadruplets. The Caesarian section rates were 21 and 40% for single and multiple pregnancies, respectively. The prematurity rate was low for singletons (4.5%) but reached 46.6% in multiple pregnancies. Two minor malformations were observed and five perinatal deaths occurred; among these latter, four cases were twins. It appears that perinatal pathology is substantially higher among IVF pregnancies than in the normal population. It is clear, however, that most of this difference is accounted for by the considerably higher rate of twin pregnancy displayed by the former group. PMID- 3170708 TI - Epidemiological studies of natural family planning. AB - The prevalence of the use of natural family planning (NFP) can be estimated from sample surveys of married women in the reproductive ages (MWRA). Surveys in developed and developing countries during the past decade indicate that the prevalence of NFP use varies from 0 to 11%. In addition, if one considers NFP use in relation to other contraceptive methods, the percentage of all current contraceptors who use NFP varies from 1 to 35%. This suggests that NFP is an important method in certain countries. Pregnancy rates for NFP vary widely, but most reliable studies report 1-year life-table pregnancy rates between 10 and 25/100 woman-years. The Billings ovulation method consistently has higher pregnancy rates than the sympto-thermal method and NFP users generally have among the highest pregnancy rates compared to other methods. The major safety issue concerning NFP is the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with aged gametes. There are suggestions from a number of investigations that conceptions distant from ovulation have a higher risk of spontaneous abortion and a higher proportion of male births. The findings with respect to birth defects or multiple pregnancies are less consistent, although some studies have reported an increased risk of chromosomal anomalies. PMID- 3170709 TI - Basic properties of Tritrichomonas mobilensis hemagglutinin. AB - Tritrichomonas mobilensis is a recently described enteric protozoon of squirrel monkeys. An earlier report identified one of the metabolic products of this organism as a lectinlike hemagglutinin. Its further properties were determined in this study. Culture supernatants of T. mobilensis FP4190 were concentrated by ultrafiltration through a membrane with 100,000-molecular-weight cutoff. High titers of agglutinin against human erythrocytes were obtained. Incubation at 70 degrees C for 15 min resulted in complete inactivation. Exposure to 56 degrees C for 30 min was without effect, and only partial loss of activity was obtained during incubation for up to 18 h. Maintenance at pH 4 to 9 for 4 h at room temperature had no deleterious effect. Apparent degradation of the hemagglutinin was achieved by 18 h of contact with proteinase K, but trypsin and collagenase were essentially ineffective. Papain increased the sensitivity of the test. In the presence of this enzyme hemagglutinin was demonstrated also in cultures of Tritrichomonas foetus and Tritrichomonas augusta but not in those of Pentatrichomonas hominis or Trichomonas vaginalis. PMID- 3170710 TI - New microassay for quantitation of endotoxin using Limulus amebocyte lysate combined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - A combined method of the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for quantitation of endotoxin was developed based on our observation that the antigenicity of coagulogen, a major protein in LAL, was lost when LAL reacted with endotoxin as shown by immunoblotting. Determination of the residual coagulogen by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system with monoclonal antibody against coagulogen revealed that the loss of the antigenicity of coagulogen was proportional to the concentration of endotoxin. An inverse linear curve was established between the endotoxin concentration and absorbance. Standard curves of the LAL enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with different detection limits (from 0.1 to 100 pg of the control standard endotoxin per ml) were obtained from one batch of commercial LAL by adjusting incubation time and dilution of LAL. The reaction curves of various endotoxins were parallel to one another, whereas the kinetics differed from that of (1-3)-beta-D-glucan. The LAL enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is a highly reproducible microassay, using only 10 microliter of test sample and LAL reagent; because the color and turbidity of plasma samples do not interfere with the assay, it is well suited for quantitation of endotoxins in clinical specimens. PMID- 3170713 TI - Comparison of BACTEC 13A medium and Du Pont isolator for detection of mycobacteremia. AB - BACTEC 13A medium (Johnston Laboratories, Towson, Md.) was compared with Isolator (Du Pont Co., Wilmington, Del.) concentrate for sensitivity, speed, and technical ease of isolation of mycobacteria from paired patient blood samples. Of 72 positive cultures, 63 were positive by both systems. Five positive cultures were detected by BACTEC 13A medium alone, and four were detected by Isolator alone. The median numbers of days to positivity were 12 for BACTEC 13A medium and 14 for Isolator concentrate. BACTEC 13A medium has an advantage over the Isolator in requiring less laboratory manipulation of the specimen but has the disadvantages of not providing isolated colonies or quantitation of organisms. Some technical problems with contamination in both systems are also discussed. PMID- 3170712 TI - Performance and reliability of five commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits in screening for anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibody in high-risk subjects. AB - Anti-human immunodeficiency virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits marketed by Electro-Nucleonics Inc. (ENI), Genetic Systems Corp. (GSC), Organon Teknika Inc. (OTI), Ortho Diagnostic Systems Inc. (ODSI), and Wellcome Diagnostics (WD) were evaluated by using 289 randomly selected serum samples from a high-risk population and 53 serum samples likely to produce false-positive results. The radioimmunoprecipitation assay was used as the reference test. Sensitivities ranged from 96.51% (ODSI, WD) to 97.67% (ENI, GSC, OTI). Sera showing antibodies to viral glycoproteins only produced the false-negative results. Specificities ranged from 99.6% (ENI, GSC, ODSI, OTI) to 100% (WD). False-positive results were obtained with sera from patients with autoimmune disease or Epstein-Barr virus infection. Only results from GSC and OTI kits were distributed in two compact clusters well segregated on either side of the cutoff point. ODSI and GSC kits had the best intralot reproducibility. The GSC kit had the best interlot reproducibility. Cutoff values for ODSI and GSC kits were the least variable. Intraplate repeatability was good for all kits. Sample localization was not an important source of variability. Our results do not point out one outstanding kit among the five evaluated. However, the GSC kit showed the best overall results. PMID- 3170711 TI - Ticks and biting insects infected with the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi. AB - Members of 18 species of ticks, mosquitoes, horse flies, and deer flies were collected in southeastern Connecticut and tested by indirect fluorescent-antibody staining methods for Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease. An infection rate of 36.2% (116 tested), recorded for immature Ixodes dammini, exceeded positivity values for all other arthropod species. Prevalence of infection for hematophagous insects ranged from 2.9% of 105 Hybomitra lasiophthalma to 14.3% of seven Hybomitra epistates. Infected I. dammini larvae and nymphs coexisted with infected Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) immatures on white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), but unlike I. dammini, none of the 55 adult American dog ticks collected from vegetation harbored B. burgdorferi. Groups of 113 field-collected mosquitoes of Aedes canadensis and 43 Aedes stimulans were placed in cages with uninfected Syrian hamsters. Of these, 11 females of both species contained B. burgdorferi and had fed fully or partially from the hamsters. No spirochetes were isolated from the hamsters, but antibodies were produced in one test animal. PMID- 3170714 TI - Alcaligenes piechaudii from chronic ear discharge. AB - A recently described bacterium, Alcaligenes piechaudii, was isolated repeatedly from the ear discharge of a diabetic man. This appears to be the first report of human infection in which there is clinical evidence of a pathogenic role for this species. PMID- 3170715 TI - Cost containment of formalin-preserved stool specimens for ova and parasites from outpatients. AB - Three individual formalinized stool specimens from each of 123 patients were pooled and examined for ova and parasites. Results obtained from the pooled specimens were compared with those obtained with the three individual specimens used to make the pooled specimens. Of 123 sets examined, 92 were negative and 31 were positive for ova and parasites. The pooled specimens were positive and all individual specimens were negative eight times, whereas the pooled specimens were negative and the individual specimens were positive twice. The data indicated that the pooled system is a useful and economical method of screening for ova and parasites. PMID- 3170716 TI - Bartholin's gland abscess caused by Neisseria sicca. AB - Neisseria sicca has been reported to cause bacterial meningitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, and spondylitis. Surgical drainage from a Bartholin's gland abscess contained N. sicca in pure culture. Neisseria species recovered from cerebrospinal fluid and gynecologic specimens must be carefully examined to avoid misidentification as meningococci or gonococci. PMID- 3170717 TI - Fatal infection caused by a multiply resistant type 3 pneumococcus. AB - The most virulent pneumococcal serotype (type 3) has not to date been associated with multiple antimicrobial resistance. We report an unusual gastrointestinal presentation of fatal septicemia caused by a multiply resistant type 3 pneumococcus in a setting of increasing prevalence of multiple resistance, including resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline. PMID- 3170718 TI - Progress in culture and subculture of spheroplasts and fastidious acid-fast bacilli isolated from intestinal tissues. AB - The efficiency of culture media was compared for the culture and subculture of very slowly growing acid-fast bacilli and spheroplast forms obtained from intestinal tissues of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and from controls without inflammatory bowel disease. Media were developed by modifying a nutrient broth medium based on veal infusion broth and yeast extract. We evaluated the effects of pH and the addition of Tween 80, Dubo oleic albumin complex, an extract from intestinal tissue from a patient with Crohn's disease, horse serum, sucrose, magnesium sulfate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, and sodium citrate. All media contained mycobactin J (2 micrograms/ml). We developed a medium (MG3) which was highly successful in promoting the growth of very fastidious organisms and promoted reversion of spheroplasts to acid-fast rods. MG3 contained veal infusion broth, 1% yeast extract, 10% horse serum, 0.3 M sucrose, 0.2% MgSO4, 0.1% ferrous ammonium sulfate, 0.1% sodium citrate, and 2 mg of mycobactin J per liter. We were able to obtain quantities of organisms sufficient for examination of the organisms by molecular techniques. Successful cultivation of all isolates and reversion of spheroplasts to acid-fast forms encourage further studies of the possibility of a complex association of mycobacteria and Crohn's disease. PMID- 3170719 TI - Clinical evaluation of diagnostic hemoperfusion for in vivo enrichment of bacteria and fungi in comparison with a conventional blood culture technique. AB - The hemoperfusion module, a newly developed technique for recovering pathogenic microorganisms from patients suffering from septicemia, was compared with conventional blood cultures. The module was interconnected with the extracorporeal circulation of 92 predominantly hemodialyzed patients. Nearly 12 liters of flowing blood (up to 200 ml min-1; mean running time, 60 min) came in contact with the coated charcoal. Of 99 modules examined, 44 (44.7%) yielded positive cultures and contained 54 potentially pathogenic bacteria or fungi (22 species). Only 32 of 190 (16.8%) conventional blood cultures were positive and contained 37 microorganisms (10 species). Even when patients were receiving antibiotic treatment, the frequency of isolation was significantly higher in hemoperfusion (21 of 44 modules positive, 47.7%) than in conventional blood cultures (10 of 88 cultures positive, 11.4%). In contrast, 23 of 55 modules (41.8%) and 22 of 102 conventional blood cultures (21.6%) were positive when patients were not treated with antibiotics prior to blood sampling. Altogether, hemoperfusion modules appeared to be superior to and more sensitive than the conventional blood cultures used and seemed to be a valuable tool for detecting septicemia. PMID- 3170720 TI - Routine culturing of stool specimens for Yersinia enterocolitica. PMID- 3170721 TI - Enhanced oxygen metabolism of peritoneal macrophages in the presence of murine neuroblastoma cells is partly caused by enkephalins. AB - A bioluminescent technique was used to show that murine neuroblastoma (NB) cells or cell-free extracts (H variant) were able to enhance the release of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) from peritoneal macrophages in vitro. L-variant NB cells were ineffective. Physiological concentrations of met-enkephalin produced the same effect in vitro but not leu-enkephalin. When both H- and L-variant cells, or their extracts, were incubated together with macrophages, ROI production was not increased. Similar findings were detectable when met- and leu enkephalin were cultured together with macrophages. In vivo, preliminary studies gave the same results. The concentration rate of met- to leu-enkephalin was higher in H-variant than in L-variant NB cells. We conclude from our results that met-enkephalin can enhance the release of ROI from peritoneal macrophages. The difference in the effects produced by the H and L variants is due to differences in the concentrations of enkephalins released. PMID- 3170722 TI - Increasing intrathecal lymphocytosis and immunoglobulin G production in neurologically asymptomatic HIV-1 infection. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid from 34 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) seropositive patients, only four of whom had HIV-related neurological symptoms, was examined by cytology, protein quantification, isoelectric focusing and specific serological tests. CSF lymphocytosis and evidence of intrathecal IgG production, found in 21 and 20 respectively of the 34 patients, correlated significantly with the duration of the infection. Increasing IgG index was found in two patients with repeated CSF examinations during greater than 7 years. Intrathecal HIV antibodies were detected on Western blot in 32/34 patients. HIV antigen test positive in 5/34 sera was negative in all 34 CSF samples. Intrathecal B cell activation seems to increase during the early HIV infection. PMID- 3170723 TI - Bifurcated P300 peaks: P3a and P3b revisited? AB - The P300 (P3) component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) was elicited with an auditory discrimination paradigm in a large group (n = 100) of undergraduates. Subjects who displayed bifurcated P3 peaks across trial blocks (n = 35) were classified into three groups based on the consistency of the replication of the two P3 subpeaks. Amplitude and latency measures for the first (P3a) and second (P3b) peaks from each subject demonstrated no statistically reliable differences between groups. Both subcomponents increased in amplitude from the frontal to parietal electrode sites, although the earlier peak was smaller at the frontal electrode site for the second compared to first trial block. The largest P3 peak for each trial block (P3MAX) from each subject was measured and produced amplitude and latency values that closely matched normative data from the same paradigm. The findings suggested that the P3a and P3b subcomponents from auditory stimuli may be distributed in the population in an asymmetric fashion, and that the P3MAX measurement technique provides a reasonable means of assessing amplitude and latency values from individuals with bifurcated peaks. PMID- 3170724 TI - The clinical use of evoked potentials (EPs) PMID- 3170726 TI - Skeletal age estimation in leg length discrepancy. AB - Sixty hand radiographs of children with known leg length discrepancy were reported independently in a "blind" manner by four radiologists using the Greulich and Pyle Atlas. Significant variation was found. Fifty percent of the children were assigned a skeletal age that differed by more than 1 year between radiologists; 10% varied by more than 2 years (p less than 0.05). Female skeletal age was considerably underestimated by an average of 11 months. Skeletal age estimation is one source of error in the timing of surgery for leg length equalization, especially when a single estimate is used. Skeletal age also appears to be more variable in children with leg length discrepancy. PMID- 3170725 TI - Leg lengthening by osteotomy and gradual distraction: an experimental study. AB - Osteotomy and gradual distraction of the distal radius was performed on 12 sheep. After 3-6 weeks of daily distraction by external fixation, lengthening of 0.5-1.8 cm was achieved. Three weeks after distraction was begun, striae of new bone, organized in the direction of the distraction, were noted radiologically. The bony consolidation developed from the osteotomized bone ends to the center of the distraction area. Medullary structures also contributed to bone formation in the distraction area. Collagen bundles, organized in the direction of distraction, formed a template for the developing bone. The medullary canal remodeled 16 weeks after the operation. Solid bone formed after the distraction procedure with no additional bone transplantation. PMID- 3170727 TI - Spondylolisthesis in children under 12 years of age: long-term results of 56 patients treated conservatively or operatively. AB - Thirty-six girls and 20 boys who were diagnosed with spondylolisthesis of L5 when aged less than 12 years (10 months to 11 years) were reexamined clinically and radiologically at skeletal maturity, 5-30 years (average 14.5 years) later. Thirty-two children were treated operatively: 20 patients by posterior, 10 by posterolateral, and one child by anterior fusion. One patient had laminectomy only. None of the patients treated conservatively had later operative treatment. Clinical symptoms leading to operative or conservative treatment, results of treatment, and radiologic changes are reported. Girls had more severe displacement, earlier worsening of deformity, and more clinical symptoms than boys. The role of growth spurt in progression of the slip is discussed. The importance of regular clinical checks of young children with spondylolisthesis is stressed. PMID- 3170728 TI - Skin elastic fiber pathology and idiopathic scoliosis. AB - An antomic study of skin elastic fibers coupled with a histochemical and ultrastructural study of one peripheral muscle sample was performed in 34 patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Twenty-eight of them had an elastopathy resulting in rupture or disparity between the dermis elastic fibers. The muscle histoenzymologic study showed that 17 of the patients also had an abnormal predominance of type I muscle fibers. These data led to our discussion of the role of elastic tissue abnormalities in the genesis of early or severe idiopathic scolioses. PMID- 3170729 TI - Intraspinal tumors in children presenting primarily with hip symptoms: a report of three cases. AB - Although intraspinal tumors in children are better understood now than in the past, there is still a considerable delay between onset of symptoms and diagnosis because of the varied initial clinical presentations. Intraspinal tumors presenting primarily with hip pathology have not been described. The purpose of this article is to report on three children who presented with symptoms referable to the hip. Two of these children also had operation to correct the hip pathology. All three subsequently were diagnosed as having intraspinal tumors. PMID- 3170731 TI - One-stage combined operation of congenital dislocation of the hips in older children. AB - From 1977 to 1983, 17 patients with 20 long-standing congenitally dislocated hips were treated with a one-stage combined operation and then followed for more than 3 years by our institution. The growth of the proximal femur after femoral osteotomy was studied. The average neck-shaft angle was 111 degrees immediately after operation, and 128 degrees at follow-up. The outcome was largely independent of either age at operation or bilateral involvement. Our findings revealed 30% good and 50% excellent results in our patients. PMID- 3170730 TI - Long-term results of combined operative reduction of the hip in older children. AB - Long-term results of open reduction, combined with femoral shortening, iliac osteotomy, reorientation of the upper femur, and medial iliopsoas transfer, are analyzed in 144 hips, according to patients' answers to follow-up questionnaires. Age at surgery ranged from 7 to 15 years with a follow-up of 9-24 years (mean 13 years). Two-thirds of patients had good results, one-fourth had fair results, and one-tenth had poor results. This was in accordance with radiologic rating in 225 hips, with a mean follow-up of 5 years. Quality of results decreased with age at surgery. The combined procedure is not advised after the appearance of pubertal signs. Since radiologic results favored Chiari's iliac osteotomy and subjective results favored the Pemberton type, individual choice is advised, according to the severity of acetabular dysplasia and the age of the patient. Redislocations, when left alone, had better results than did hips that were operated on again. PMID- 3170733 TI - Assessment of normal pediatric knee ligament laxity using the genucom. AB - Normal values for knee ligament laxity in children have never been defined. In this study, using the Genucom Knee Analysis System, we examined 464 normal knees in 232 children aged between 7 and 14 years. A progressive decrease in the absolute value of both translation and rotation laxity was evident as the age of the child increased. The children's percentile for height and weight within their age group influenced their measured knee ligament laxity. No significant difference was seen between right and left knees of the same patient. There was no clinically significant difference between the measured laxity of the knees of boys and girls. PMID- 3170732 TI - Hormonal studies in patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis without evidence of endocrinopathy. AB - In a prospective study, plasma levels of T3, T4, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), cortisol, testosterone, growth hormone, and somatomedin-C were tested in 20 consecutive adolescent patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) in an effort to identify any occult endocrinopathy. All patients had the clinical diagnosis of SCFE confirmed on radiographs. The patients were examined by the pediatric endocrinology service and were without clinical evidence of an endocrinopathy. Of 140 hormonal determinations only four different patients had four abnormal values. Routine sampling of these hormones in patients without clinical evidence of endocrinopathy is not indicated. PMID- 3170734 TI - A claims-made study of knee injuries due to football in high school athletes. AB - This article is an analysis of the insurance claims for injuries sustained in high school football for the 1965, 1975-1977, and 1983-1985 football seasons. Thirteen percent of all injuries each season involved the knee. In 1965, 12% of patients were treated operatively, and, in 1985, 33% underwent surgery. Follow-up questionnaires completed by 446 (68%) of the players injured during 1975, 1976, and 1977, after a mean of 10 years, showed that 25% of players with ligament injuries, 30% with internal derangement of the knee, and 17% with patellar injuries claim disability for some athletic pursuits. PMID- 3170735 TI - Tibial sequestrectomy in the management of Osgood-Schlatter disease. AB - Two groups of patients with symptomatic Osgood-Schlatter disease were compared over a 4-5 year follow-up period. One group was treated surgically by tibial sequestrectomy and the other group was managed conservatively. Tibial sequestrectomy was found to offer no significant benefit over simple conservative methods of treatment. In addition, a significant complication rate was identified with this procedure. PMID- 3170736 TI - Microdensity of solitary bone cyst after steroid injection. AB - The change of bone density in five patients with solitary bone cysts (SBC) was directly measured by microdensitometry (MD). Standard plain radiographs could not always predict the strength of the bone, but with MD, smaller changes in bone density could be found quantitatively. The density of the lesion temporarily decreased just after steroid injection and began to increase to maximum level in approximately 4 or 5 months. However, in two patients, the density decreased gradually to the first MD levels and refractured. In this article we stress the usefulness of direct MD in detecting the strength of the lesion. PMID- 3170738 TI - Outpatient treatment of upper extremity injuries in childhood using intravenous regional anaesthesia. AB - Intravenous (i.v.) regional anaesthesia was used in outpatient treatment of 400 upper extremity fractures and dislocations in children ranging in age from 3 to 16 years. All reductions were performed in the emergency department. Good analgesia was achieved in 90% of the patients, and only nine children (2.3%) had unacceptable reductions that required further treatment under general anaesthesia. Intravenous regional anaesthesia is a safe and effective procedure that facilitates outpatient treatment of upper extremity injuries in children. PMID- 3170737 TI - Ambulation in patients with myelomeningocele: a multivariate statistical analysis. AB - Factors determining ambulation in 163 patients with myelomeningocele were studied by a multivariate statistical method. Neurological dysfunction unrelated to the plaque was analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging. There were no ambulators at the thoracic or L1-L2 level. At the L3 level, 54% ambulated, and at the L4 level, 67% ambulated. Eighty percent were ambulators at L5 and all at the sacral level. Below L1-L2, one-half of the nonambulators had neurological deficiencies caused by syringohydromyelia or Chiari malformations preventing ambulation. Severe scoliosis was closely, age moderately, and hip flexion contracture slightly related to the inability of the other nonambulators to walk, while pelvic obliquity, hip dislocation, or knee flexion contracture was not. PMID- 3170739 TI - Femoral shaft fractures in children: technique of immediate treatment with supracondylar Kirschner wires and one-and-a-half spica cast. AB - Sixty-five children between 3.5 and 12 years of age with femoral shaft fractures were treated with fixed traction using supracondylar Kirschner wires incorporated in a one-and-a-half spica cast. Medial angulation up to 15 degrees, lateral angulation up to 5 degrees, and overriding up to 2 cm have been accepted. Posterior and anterior angulations have been rejected. After an average 4-year follow-up, neither joint stiffness nor skeletal deformity developed. At follow up, maximal shortening was 0.8 cm, and overgrowth was 0.5 cm. Except for complicated cases, the use of this method is justified. PMID- 3170740 TI - Analysis of 429 fractures in 189 battered children. AB - To assess empirically the radiologic appearance of fractures among victims of child abuse, the charts and radiographs of 189 battered children exhibiting fractures (n = 429 total fractures) were studied. Approximately one-half of the patients had a single fracture. Bones most commonly fractured were the humerus, femur, and tibia; transverse fractures were the most common type. Of long bone fractures, the middle third (50%) and distal third (41%) locations were most prominent. Age, race, and gender were not associated with any particular long bone fracture type. Skull fractures were the only type more likely to be present in children aged less than 1 year than in older children (p less than 0.05, one tailed). In the past, emphasis has been placed on corner fractures, fractures at different stages of healing, and injuries at several sites. Our results suggest that fresh single diaphyseal fractures are more common. PMID- 3170741 TI - One-stage posteromedial release of congenital clubfoot. AB - Turco's one-stage posteromedial release with internal fixation has been performed in 51 children with a total of 73 congenital clubfeet since 1973. Thirty-one children (44 feet) followed for 4-12 years were evaluated using the McKay rating system. The occurrence of good and excellent results was 70%. The relationship between these results and angles measured from roentgenograms was analyzed using multiple regression. The results showed a closer relationship to the anteroposterior talocalcaneal angle, the tibiocalcaneal angle, and the MTR angle. PMID- 3170742 TI - Giant cell reparative granuloma of the humerus. AB - A 14-month-old girl presented with a fracture through a giant cell reparative granuloma of the distal humerus. This is the first report of such a lesion in a long bone in childhood. Following curettage, the lesion healed with full restoration of elbow function and normal growth. PMID- 3170744 TI - Closed femoral shortening modification using an internal splint. AB - A new device and modified procedure to facilitate closed femoral shortening are described. The method reduces operative time, radiograph exposure, and potential intraoperative complications. PMID- 3170743 TI - Hypertrophic callus formation leading to high-output cardiac failure in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta. AB - A 4-year old child with osteogenesis imperfecta developed high-output cardiac failure secondary to hypertrophic callus formation in four long bones. The association of hypertrophic callus formation with fracture and operative intervention is well known, but the role of infection in the aetiology of his condition is not well defined. PMID- 3170745 TI - Cervical disc calcification. PMID- 3170746 TI - Glomerular macrophages express augmented procoagulant activity in experimental fibrin-related glomerulonephritis in rabbits. AB - Glomerular fibrin deposition and augmentation of procoagulant activity (PCA) are dependent on glomerular macrophage infiltration in anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis (anti-GBM GN) in rabbits. Expression of PCA on the surface of glomerular macrophages and/or augmentation of intrinsic glomerular cell PCA by macrophage cytokines (such as IL 1) are potential mechanisms by which macrophages may augment glomerular PCA. Macrophages were isolated from glomeruli of rabbits developing anti-GBM GN to measure their PCA expression. These macrophages were characterized by morphological and functional criteria. Glomerular macrophages expressed markedly augmented PCA (2.8 +/- 0.7 mU/10(3) cells) compared with blood monocytes (0.05 +/- 0.02 mU/10(3) cells) and alveolar macrophages (0.09 +/- 0.02 mU/10(3) cells) from the same rabbits. Glomerular macrophage PCA was functionally identical to the PCA of whole glomeruli, and was consistent with that of tissue factor. Supernatants from nephritic glomeruli contained IL 1 bioactivity and augmented endothelial cell PCA in vitro. However, these supernatants and purified IL 1 failed to augment the PCA of normal and macrophage-depleted nephritic glomeruli. These studies demonstrate that, in this model of anti-GBM GN, glomerular macrophages contribute directly to the augmented glomerular PCA by their expression of surface membrane PCA, and have the potential to indirectly augment glomerular PCA by their production of cytokines capable of enhancing endothelial cell PCA. PMID- 3170747 TI - Sympathetic nerve discharge is coupled to muscle cell pH during exercise in humans. AB - We used phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-NMR) to probe the cellular events in contracting muscle that initiate the reflex stimulation of sympathetic outflow during exercise. In conscious humans, we performed 31P-NMR on exercising forearm muscle and simultaneously recorded muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) with microelectrodes in the peroneal nerve to determine if the activation of MSNA is coupled to muscle pH, an index of glycolysis, or to the concentrations (II) of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) which are modulators of mitochondrial respiration. During both static and rhythmic handgrip, the onset of sympathetic activation in resting muscle coincided with the development of cellular acidification in active muscle. Furthermore, increases in MSNA were correlated closely with decreases in intracellular pH but dissociated from changes in phosphocreatine [( PCr]), [Pi], and [ADP]. The principal new conclusion is that activation of muscle sympathetic outflow during exercise in humans is coupled to the cellular accumulation of protons in contracting muscle. PMID- 3170748 TI - Characterization of point mutations in the same arginine codon in three unrelated patients with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. AB - Point mutations in the X-linked ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) gene have been detected at the same Taq I restriction site in 3 of 24 unrelated probands with OTC deficiency. A de novo mutation could be traced in all three families to an individual in a prior generation, confirming independent recurrence. The DNA sequence in the region of the altered Taq I site was determined in the three probands. In two unrelated male probands with neonatal onset of severe OTC deficiency, a guanine (G) to adenine (A) mutation on the sense strand (antisense cytosine [C] to thymine [T]) was found, resulting in glutamine for arginine at amino acid 109 of the mature polypeptide. In the third case, where the proband was a symptomatic female, C to T (sense strand) transition converted residue 109 to a premature stop. These results support the observation that Taq I restriction sites, which contain an internal CG, are particularly susceptible to C to T transition mutation due to deamination of a methylated C in either the sense or antisense strand. The OTC gene seems especially sensitive to C to T transition mutation at arginine codon 109 because either a nonsense mutation or an extremely deleterious missense mutation will result. PMID- 3170751 TI - Variations of a standard approach for correction of the bird-face deformity. AB - Variations of a standard operation technique for the correction of the bird-face deformity on the basis of fundamental planning principles are described. The main principle is the lengthening of the mandibular base in the retromolar and mental regions. The preconditions for the feasibility of this procedure are: appropriate tooth extraction and retropositioning of the lower anterior segment in spite of a seemingly good preoperative occlusion. The correction planning must, in addition to the mandible, also consider the maxilla. The asymmetrical bird-face deformity is also corrected in one operation but it is first made symmetrical to facilitate its correction. Case illustrations with corresponding operation drawings demonstrate the variation possibilities of the surgical technique as adapted to particular cases. PMID- 3170749 TI - Reversibility of defective adipocyte insulin receptor kinase activity in non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Effect of weight loss. AB - Insulin-stimulated kinase activity of adipocyte-derived insulin receptors is reduced in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) but normal in obese nondiabetics. To assess the reversibility of the kinase defect in NIDDM, insulin receptor kinase activity was measured before and after weight loss in 10 NIDDM and 5 obese nondiabetic subjects. Peripheral insulin action was also assessed in vivo by glucose disposal rates (GDR) measured during a hyperinsulinemic (300 mU/M2 per min) euglycemic clamp. In the NIDDMs, insulin receptor kinase activity was reduced by 50-80% and rose to approximately 65-90% (P less than 0.01) of normal after 13.2 +/- 2.0 kg (P less than 0.01) weight loss; comparable weight loss (18.2 +/- 1.5 kg, P less than 0.01) in the nondiabetics resulted in no significant change in insulin receptor kinase activity. Relative to GDR measured in lean nondiabetics, GDR in the NIDDMs was 35% of normal initially and 67% (P less than 0.01) of normal after diet therapy; weight loss in the nondiabetics resulted in an increase in GDR from 53 to 76% of normal (P less than 0.05). These results indicate that the insulin receptor kinase defect that is present in NIDDM is largely reversible after weight reduction. In contrast, the improvement in GDR, in the absence of any change in insulin receptor kinase activity in the nondiabetics, suggests that the main cause of insulin resistance in obesity lies distal to the kinase. PMID- 3170750 TI - Relationship of pleural effusions to increased permeability pulmonary edema in anesthetized sheep. AB - We studied anesthetized sheep to determine the relationship between increased permeability pulmonary edema and the development and mechanism of pleural effusion formation. In 12 sheep with intact, closed thoraces, we studied the time course of pleural liquid formation after 0.12 ml/kg i.v. oleic acid. After 1 h, there were no pleural effusions, even though extravascular lung water increased 50% to 6.0 +/- 0.7 g/g dry lung. By 3 h pleural effusions had formed, they reached a maximum at 5 h (48.5 +/- 16.9 ml/thorax), and at 8 h there was no additional accumulation of pleural liquid (45.5 +/- 16.9 ml). Morphologic studies by light and electron microscopy demonstrated subpleural edema but no detectable injury to the visceral pleura, suggesting that the pleural liquid originated from the lung and not the pleura. In nine sheep, we quantified the rate of formation of pleural liquid by enclosing one lung in a plastic bag. By comparing in the same sheep the volume of pleural liquid collected from the enclosed lung to the volume found in the opposite intact chest, we estimated the rate of liquid absorption from the intact chest to be 0.32 ml/(kg.h); we had previously reported a liquid absorption rate of 0.28 ml/(kg.h) in normal sheep. These studies also supported the conclusion that the majority of the pleural liquid originated from the lung because we could account for all of the pleural liquid that was formed and cleared. The volume of pleural liquid collected from the enclosed lungs was equal to 21% of the excess lung liquid that formed after oleic acid-induced lung injury. Thus, the pleural space and parietal pleural lymphatic pathways are important pathways for the clearance of pulmonary edema liquid after experimentally induced increased permeability pulmonary edema. PMID- 3170752 TI - Treatment of the facial skeleton in naso-maxillo-acro-dysostosis. AB - The extent of the naso-maxillo-acro-dysostosis involvement differs in each case. The three cases presented in this paper all had different orthodontic and surgical treatment approaches according to the individual involvement of the nose, maxillae, mouth and other facial features. PMID- 3170753 TI - Scale for Suicide Ideation: psychometric properties of a self-report version. AB - A self-report version of the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) was administered to 50 inpatients diagnosed with mixed DSM-III psychiatric disorders and 55 outpatients with affective disorders. The self-report SSI was written for both paper-and-pencil and computer administration. The correlations between the self reported and clinically rated versions for both inpatients and outpatients were greater than .90, which suggests strong concurrent validity. The Cronbach coefficient alphas for the paper-and-pencil and computer versions were also in the .90s and indicated high internal consistency. Furthermore, the mean SSI scores of the computer version for both the inpatients and outpatients were higher than the mean SSI scores of the clinical ratings; the patients described more severe suicide ideation than clinicians reported. PMID- 3170754 TI - Have MMPI MF scale correlates changed in the past 30 years? AB - This study was designed to investigate whether behavioral correlates of the MMPI Masculinity-Femininity (MF) scale are similar to or different from those established in the 1950s, given the many social and cultural changes that have taken place since then. There were 306 participants in the study, 102 target subjects (51 males, 51 females) and 204 same-sex friends. The former were administered the first 399 items of the MMPI, the Interpersonal Adjective Scale (IAS), and other questionnaires. The friends described each subject on the IAS. Low MF females were rated by themselves and their peers as tender and emotional, whereas high MF females considered themselves exploitative and self-confident and were rated as bold and unsympathetic by their peers. Low MF males described themselves as domineering and impersonal and were described by their peers as well-mannered. High MFs saw themselves as undemanding and shy and were perceived as emotional by their peers. It appears that the behavioral correlates established a generation ago are still valid today, at least for college students. PMID- 3170755 TI - Do object relations deficits distinguish BPD from other diagnostic groups? AB - Two independent samples that met DSM-III criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD) were found to have similar patterns of object relations deficits as measured by group means and percentage of high scoring subjects on the four subscales of the Bell Objects Relation (OR) Inventory. Statistical comparison of the composite BPD group with affective, schizoaffective, and schizophrenic groups revealed that the pattern of OR deficits in BPD was significantly different from each of the other diagnostic groups. On the basis of scores from the Alienation subscale alone, BPD subjects could be distinguished from the other diagnostic groups with 77-82% predictive accuracy. The role of object relations deficits in BPD is discussed, along with potential contributions of the Bell OR Inventory to diagnostic efficiency. PMID- 3170756 TI - The Depression Coping Questionnaire. AB - Factor analysis of the Depression Coping Questionnaire (DCQ; Kleinke, Staneski, & Mason, 1982) identified 11 coping responses: Social support, problem solving, self-blame/escape, aggression, indulgence, activities, medication, stimulation, eating, TV, and ignoring. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the DCQ contributed significant variance in predicting Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores of men (R = .705) and women (R = .568) from three population samples. Both men's and women's BDI scores were correlated positively with age, self blame/escape, medication, and TV and correlated negatively with social support, problem solving, and indulgence. Four significant functions were identified in a discriminant analysis that compared nine groups made up of schizophrenic male veterans, depressed and nondepressed male and female college students, and depressed and nondepressed male and female chronic pain patients. PMID- 3170757 TI - Four illustrations of healthy personality: a prescription for living the good life. AB - This pilot study follows in the tradition of Jahoda in arguing that the study of the lives of psychologically healthy individuals can add to our understanding of mental health. The Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) is used to identify four psychologically healthy middle-aged adults. The subjects also were asked to respond in essay form to a written open-ended question with regard to their beliefs as to the factors that have assisted them in living more effective lives. An idiographic approach is pursued in which the subjects' responses to the POI and the open-ended question are analyzed. It is noted that while the circumstances of the subjects' lives are diverse, there are seven basic commonalities in their behavioral approach to life tasks. It is conjectured that these behavioral qualities may be universal for emotionally healthy individuals and that future research with larger samples may bear this out. PMID- 3170758 TI - Toward a more valid and reliable Health Locus of Control Scale. AB - The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale was administered in conjunction with a back care program offered to staff at a psychiatric hospital (N = 82). Validity and reliability of the alternate forms were examined, as was the addition of Forms A and B. The factor structure failed to replicate the original multidimensional construct; hence, suggestions are made to return to the earlier internal/external model and to add the alternate forms to increase reliability. PMID- 3170759 TI - Cognitive dysfunction and change in multiple sclerosis. AB - A cross-sectional study of 60 multiple sclerosis outpatients assessed neuropsychological variables in relation to age, duration of disease, and degree of disability. The test battery included subtests of the WAIS (Vocabulary, Similarities, and Digit Span);the Raven matrices; and memory tests (Wechsler Paired Associates, Benton Visual Retention). Results showed that cognitive functioning of MS patients varies considerably. There is a general mild decline that affects abstract reasoning and memory as the disease progresses. These deficits are usually not sufficient to impair occupational or social functioning. In addition, there is spotty deterioration in certain cognitive functions for some patients (17%). Only a small subsample (6.7%), however, showed global deterioration significant enough to be highlighted by an Index of Dementia that was developed for this investigation. PMID- 3170760 TI - The psychometric structure of the Wechsler Memory Scale in comparison to the WAIS R in a low-IQ clinical population. AB - The psychometric structure of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) and its relationship to the revised Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-R) were studied in an outpatient population of 103 individuals with low Full Scale IQ scores (M = 71). We found that the age correction of the WMS scores gave memory quotients (WMQ) equivalent to WAIS-R FSIQ scores, but our findings also raised problems of interpretation. If the usual rule of thumb of a 12-point discrepancy between the MQ and the FSIQ were applied, the WMS might be relatively insensitive to memory impairment in this low-IQ clinical population, in which more numerous cases of impairment could be expected. Principal components analysis of the WMS raw scores and three WAIS-R scores included as reference variables yielded five orthogonal factors: Attention/Concentration; Visual Reproductions; New Verbal Learning; Well-learned Semantic Knowledge; and Intelligence. We argue that raw scores on the WMS should be reported to optimize possible diagnostic specificity and to align the WMS with experimental and clinical research in various types of memory functioning and impairment. PMID- 3170761 TI - The construct validity of interview-based assessments in family counseling. AB - The construct validity of family therapists' assessments of client functioning was evaluated with data collected in a clinical setting (N = 1,165). The assessments were provided by the therapists in the context of the intake interview. The convergent and discriminant validities of various dimensions of client functioning were evaluated through analyses conducted within the therapist generated judgments and with data collected directly from clients. The analyses were generally supportive of the construct validity of the assessments. A factor analysis of the client functioning data also is reported. PMID- 3170762 TI - The comparative recidivism rates of voluntary- and coerced-admission male alcoholics. AB - The outcomes of inpatient alcoholics who reported that they had been coerced into treatment by commitment or pressure from others were compared in a follow-up study to those of alcoholics who described themselves as voluntary admissions. Ten assessments of control over drinking, number of drinking days in the past week, and intoxication since previous appraisal were made by collaterals between 2 weeks and 18 months after treatment. Even though the data were analyzed in several ways, the number of significant differences did not exceed chance expectations. This suggests that the prognoses of alcoholics who present for treatment under court order or interpersonal pressure were not substantially different from those of men who claim to have entered without coercion. However, the differences between the groups' Control over Drinking ratings, even though not statistically significant, consistently favored the coerced admissions, which raises the possibility that their outcomes may have been slightly better than those of the voluntary admissions. PMID- 3170763 TI - Screening medical patients for alcoholism with the MMPI: a comparison of seven scales. AB - Seven alcoholism scales for the MMPI were evaluated for effectiveness in screening medical patients. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed by use of five contrast samples: (1) 736 inpatients from an alcohol and drug dependence unit; (2) 4,923 unselected medical outpatients; (3) 7,044 selected medical outpatients; (4) 214 psychiatric inpatients; and (5) 1,408 contemporary normal persons. None of these scales can be recommended for use in screening medical patients. However, endorsement of MMPI item 215 should lead to further evaluation because classification was more accurate with this single item than with any of the scales evaluated. PMID- 3170764 TI - The relationships of post-traumatic stress disorder to adolescent illegal activities, drinking, and employment. AB - The authors compared the self-reported incidences of adolescent legal problems, drinking, employment, and church attendance in psychiatric patients (N = 116) with and without post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and normals (N = 28). The differences did not exceed chance expectations. The data raise doubts about the validity of the theory that PTSD is at least partially a result of pre-traumatic personality maladjustment. PMID- 3170765 TI - Psychological functioning of cocaine free-basers derived from objective psychological tests. AB - This paper reports on two separate studies that compared cocaine free-basers with opiate addicts on objective personality tests (Adjective Checklist and MMPI). Both groups showed a similar organization of needs. While opiate addicts were characterized by acting-out traits, rebelliousness, depression, anxiety, alienation, and hyperactivity, the cocaine free-basers were characterized by similar traits, but at modulated levels of severity. Implications for treatment programs and for pharmacodynamic theories, with emphasis on the relationship between underlying personality structure and drug of choice, were discussed. PMID- 3170766 TI - The role of community psychology in the community. AB - Community Psychology's future place in community activism is assessed relative to its unique independent origins in academia, its tradition of empirical research and strict methodology, and its strong commitment to the elimination of its own existence. These attributes, which define the discipline in the mental health field, are contrasted with the singular traits of other community mental health professions. This paper is a discussion of the history, present weaknesses, and ultimate salvation of Community Psychology. PMID- 3170767 TI - Measurement of pathology workload in the United Kingdom. PMID- 3170768 TI - The confidential enquiry into maternal deaths: its role and importance for pathologists. AB - Comparatively few pathologists seem to know of the existence of the confidential enquiry into maternal deaths and fewer still know anything of its aims or its methods of obtaining confidential information. As the success of any such enquiry depends greatly on the accuracy and completeness of necropsy, histological, and other laboratory reports a brief account of the report itself and the role of pathologists in it may not be out of place. PMID- 3170769 TI - Post mortem radiology in children with congenital heart disease. AB - Contrast radiology has valuable applications in routine necropsy practice. Contrast radiology was used to study the vascular anatomy in four normal fetuses, in five children with cardiovascular malformations, and in two hearts prepared by the perfusion fixation method. A contrast radiograph provides permanent documentation of anatomical associations before they are disrupted by dissection and permits a planned approach to the necropsy. While these injection studies are seldom undertaken by pathologists because they are felt to be too difficult and time-consuming, contrast studies should form part of the post mortem investigation of children with congenital heart disease, even when angiography has been performed in life. PMID- 3170770 TI - Histological analysis of parotid and submandibular glands in chronic alcohol abuse: a necropsy study. AB - A quantitative histological analysis of the major salivary glands was carried out at necropsy in 28 alcoholics and in a series of age and sex matched controls. The findings were related to the different types of histologically diagnosed liver disease present. Significant quantitative changes of salivary gland structure were noted in cirrhosis but not in other forms of alcoholic liver disease. In cirrhotic subjects the parotid contained proportionally more adipose but less acinar tissues than in controls. The submandibular gland showed a proportional increase in adiposity and reduction in fibrovascular tissues but no noticeable reduction in its acinar proportional volume. Neither grossly detectable parotid enlargement nor acinar hypertrophy, a feature which has previously been noted as characteristic of alcoholic sialadenosis, were evident in this series. These findings provide little structural support for the reportedly increased secretory capacity of salivary glands in chronic alcohol abuse. PMID- 3170772 TI - Use of immunohistochemical methods in the differential diagnosis between primary cerebellar haemangioblastoma and metastatic renal carcinoma. AB - The potential role of immunohistochemistry in making the distinction between primary cerebellar haemangioblastoma and metastatic renal carcinoma was investigated by examining the reaction pattern of 10 cerebellar haemangioblastomas (seven women, three men, aged 20-40 years) and 10 primary renal carcinomas (six men, four women, aged 49-82 years) to a panel of epithelial, glial, and neural/neuroendocrine antisera. The tumour cell membranes of the renal carcinomas stained strongly with epithelial membrane antigen (EMA); membrane staining was totally absent in the haemangioblastomas. Strong neurone specific enolase (NSE) and S100 staining were also seen in haemangioblastomas but were more variable than EMA staining in renal carcinomas. It is concluded that a panel of antisera is required to distinguish between histologically similar areas in primary haemangioblastomas and metastatic renal carcinomas, and that while complementing conventional histological techniques, new problems of interpretation result which must be taken into account. PMID- 3170771 TI - Representative sample of rheumatoid synovium: a morphometric study. AB - The synovium from 11 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, who were undergoing joint surgery, was assessed using histological and morphometric techniques. Histological examination confirmed previous reports that the intensity of the cellular reaction varied throughout the synovium, and the morphometric method reflected this variability sensitively. The method was shown to be reproducible and allowed areas of similar cellular density to be defined. From these defined areas a total of 2.5 mm2 of synovium equivalent to 12 fields at x250 required analysis to reflect the variation in the cellular reaction. It would be feasible to collect this amount of material using an arthroscope. PMID- 3170773 TI - Prognostic indicators in centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma. AB - The prognostic importance of ploidy and proliferative index (%S + G2) assessed by flow cytometry, mitotic and centroblast counts, and histological growth pattern were evaluated in biopsy specimens taken before treatment from 60 cases of centroblastic-centrocytic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cases with a high proliferative index (greater than or equal to 18%) or DNA aneuploidy showed significantly poorer survival than those with a low proliferative index (less than 18%). A high mitotic count was also associated with a poor prognosis. On multiple regression analysis the flow cytometric assessments and mitotic counts were significant predictors of survival. Assessments of proliferative activity clearly have prognostic potential in centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma and may permit more accurate characterisation of individual tumours. PMID- 3170774 TI - Quantitation of human milk fat globule (HMFG1) expression in breast carcinoma and its association with survival. AB - Expression of human milk fat globule (HMFG1) in immunohistochemically stained sections of breast carcinomas was assessed subjectively and objectively from 82 women (age range 41-96 years) to determine its prognostic importance. No correlation was observed between the degree of staining and prognosis even when the subcellular distribution of antigen expression was assessed. The total absence of staining with HMFG1 was possibly associated with a favourable outcome, although this did not quite achieve significance with the small numbers involved. The Quantimet 970 was used for objective semiautomated measurement of immunohistochemical reactions in paraffin wax sections and was found to produce better resolution and to eliminate subjective error. PMID- 3170775 TI - Microvillus inclusion disease: specific diagnostic features shown by alkaline phosphatase histochemistry. AB - A technique using alkaline phosphatase histochemistry on routine sections of four jejunal biopsy specimens and one necropsy sample was applied to show that alkaline phosphatase activity, normally present in the brush border, occurs in the enterocytes of patients with microvillus inclusion disease. Sections were cut at 5 micron, mounted on to glass slides, and dried overnight at 37 degrees C before staining for alkaline phosphatase activity by the indoxyl phosphatase nitro blue tetrazolium method. Incubation periods amounted to 10 minutes for biopsy specimens and 30 minutes to one hour for necropsy samples. The demonstration of alkaline phosphatase activity in routinely processed biopsy specimens provides an effective, quick, and definitive test in the diagnosis of microvillus inclusion disease without recourse to electron microscopy. PMID- 3170776 TI - Myeloproliferative disease in children: a demographic study. AB - Over eight years, eight cases of childhood myeloproliferative disease were recognised in the northern region of England (population 3.1 million). Five were classic chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and the three others, forms of myeloproliferative disease. No case of juvenile CML was recognised. With the exception of CML, "adult" type myeloproliferative disease of children is underrepresented in the literature and its natural history remains unknown. PMID- 3170777 TI - Slow and incomplete histological and functional recovery in adult gluten sensitive enteropathy. AB - To assess the course of recovery of gluten sensitive enteropathy in adults, histological and functional recovery was studied in 22 patients, aged 20-79 years. Biopsy specimens taken at the time of diagnosis were studied in 20; after adhering to a gluten free diet for nine to 19 (mean 14) months in 14; and after adhering to the same diet for 24-48 (mean 34) months in 10 patients. Histological recovery was assessed morphometrically in the proximal jejunum. Mucosal linings significantly improved over time, but did not completely return to normal with a gluten free diet: at diagnosis the surface: volume ratio was 22% of normal, increasing to 48% and 66% after nine to 19 and 24-48 months, respectively, of a gluten free diet. Disaccharidase activities progressively increased. After 24-48 months maltase, sucrase, and isomaltase had returned to normal in the proximal jejunum; they were still significantly decreased in the distal duodenum. Duodenal and jejunal lactase activities were both below normal after 24 to 48 months. It is concluded that recovery of the intestinal mucosa of adults with gluten sensitive enteropathy during a gluten free diet continues beyond nine to 19 months and is still incomplete after two to four years. The recovery of disaccharidase activities extends from the distal to the proximal part of the small intestine, and is aligned to histological recovery. PMID- 3170778 TI - Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity, marker of evolution in leprosy? PMID- 3170779 TI - Nosocomial outbreak of Achromobacter xylosoxidans associated with a diagnostic contrast solution. PMID- 3170780 TI - Bronchial diverticulitis: complication of bronchial asthma. PMID- 3170781 TI - Multiple slit membranes and proteinuria. PMID- 3170783 TI - Maternal interaction and language development in children with and without speech related anomalies. AB - This study explores relationships among maternal behavior, child language, and location of congenital structural anomaly in three groups of 24-month-old children: 21 with speech-related anomalies (SRA), 13 with non-speech-related anomalies (NSRA), and 45 normal controls. In addition to standardized assessment of intelligence and language, children and mothers were observed in a half-hour videotaped play session, later coded for maternal and child interactive behavior. SRA children showed significantly poorer performance than controls on standardized tests. Mothers of SRA children showed significantly more Physical Teaching and Initiating relative to controls. Mothers of both SRA and NSRA children used significantly more Attention Management than did controls. The pattern of poorer child performance and maternal interactive compensations is largely confined to children whose structural disabilities are speech-related. Maternal interactive behavior is not global in its response to child disability; rather, it varies with the particular pattern of child disabilities found. PMID- 3170782 TI - Immunological abnormalities in myelodysplastic syndrome. PMID- 3170784 TI - Language training with autistic children using four different modes of presentation. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine (1) whether comprehension, production, and spontaneous use of language are greater following language training by sign alone, speech-alone, simultaneous communication, or alternating between speech and sign; (2) whether high- and low-verbal imitators benefit from the same mode of treatment; and (3) whether retention of the language skills differs among the four training conditions. Subjects were 60 moderate to severe autistic children randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions. Subjects were divided into high- and low-verbal imitators based on verbal imitation performances. The results indicated that the high-verbal imitators did equally well in all four treatment conditions, while the low-verbal imitators did poorest in the speech alone condition. The high-verbal imitators performed better than did the low verbal imitators in all of the treatment conditions. Words or signs learned were retained for three months after treatment regardless of the treatment condition or level of imitative ability. The results were discussed in terms of the efficacy of using sign language with autistic children. PMID- 3170785 TI - Articulatory adequacy in dysarthric speakers: a comparison of judging formats. AB - An articulatory inventory was administered to 19 dysarthric adults and scored using two judging formats--phoneme identification and traditional testing. Results indicated that samples judged using the traditional testing format, in which the judge knew the target phoneme, were consistently scored more accurately than those that had been judged using a phoneme identification format, in which the target was not known. Although overall both judging formats were characterized by high inter-rater reliability, the traditional testing format was less reliable than phoneme identification with samples obtained from severely involved speakers. Potential uses of articulatory inventories for dysarthric adults are described. PMID- 3170786 TI - A population of ascending intersegmental interneurones in the locust with mechanosensory inputs from a hind leg. AB - A population of some 35 intersegmental interneurones with somata in the metathoracic ganglion has been characterized by intracellular recording and staining. These interneurones integrate signals from extero- and proprioceptors on a hind leg. The somata are clustered in an anterior and lateral region of the dorsal cortex, and the axons project to more anterior ganglia in either the ipsilateral or contralateral connectives. Some of these interneurones are excited by afferents from a proprioceptor at the femorotibial joint, the femoral chordotonal organ. An afferent spike evokes a chemically mediated EPSP in an interneurone with a latency and consistency that suggest that the connection is direct. An individual interneurone codes particular features of the movement about the femorotibial joint, responding to flexion, extension, or both directions of movement with either phasic or tonic responses. These interneurones have an extensive field of fine branches ipsilateral to the hind leg from which they receive input. These branches are in lateral and intermediate regions of neuropil to which the afferents of the chordotonal organ also project. Axonal branches, from either an ipsilateral and contralateral axon, are sparse and varicose and occur in dorsal neuropil. Other interneurones are excited by afferents from exteroceptive hairs (trichoid sensilla). An individual interneurone is excited by a particular array of hairs on specific regions of a hind leg. The connections between the afferents and the interneurones appear direct. These interneurones have a dense and compact array of fine branches ipsilateral to the hind leg from which they receive input. These branches are in the most ventral region of neuropil, to which the hair afferents also project. Branches from the ipsilateral axons are sparse and varicose and occur in more dorsal neuropil. The interneurones can thus provide the more anterior ganglia with precise information about the movement of a joint in a hind leg and of the location of an exteroceptive stimulus. This information would be of importance in ensuring the correct co-ordination of the legs during walking. PMID- 3170788 TI - Somatotopic mapping of sensory neurons innervating mechanosensory hairs on the larval prolegs of Manduca sexta. AB - The abdominal prolegs are the principal locomotory appendages of the larval tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. The prolegs bear numerous mechanosensory bristle sensilla, each innervated by an afferent neuron that arborizes within the central nervous system (CNS). Based on their positions on the proleg, we have divided the sensilla into planta hairs (PHs), lateral hairs (LHs), and medial hairs (MHs). Previously, we found that PH afferents produce monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in proleg retractor muscle motoneurons, the size of which depends on the position of the hair in the PH array. In this paper we examined the central arbors of the proleg afferents to determine whether there was an anatomical correlate to the pattern of synaptic strengths. We found that the afferent arbors are arranged somatotopically within the CNS in a pattern similar to that for bristle afferents elsewhere on the abdomen; i.e., the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral position of a hair on the proleg was reflected in the location of the afferent arbor along the corresponding axes within sensory neuropil. All afferents terminated within a similar ventral region of neuropil. The arbors of PH, MH, and to a lesser extent, LH afferents, were enlarged as compared to afferents innervating hairs elsewhere on the abdomen. This feature, combined with the dense innervation of the proleg, causes the proleg region to be relatively overrepresented in sensory neuropil. We also examined the afferents innervating a pair of ventral midline hairs (VMHs) present in each abdominal segment, which, unlike the other afferents, showed segment specific central arbors. We conclude that the somatotopic mapping of afferent arbors may contribute to the specificity of synaptic connections in this system. PMID- 3170787 TI - Topographical and ultrastructural investigation of the habenulo-interpeduncular pathway in the rat: a wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase anterograde study. AB - The topographical and ultrastructural organization of the habenular projection to the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) of the rat was examined employing the anterogradely transported tracer wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) and the chromogen tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Unilateral placements of WGA-HRP in the habenular complex resulted in heavy terminal labelling in the rostral, central, and intermediate subnuclei bilaterally, and in the lateral subnuclei ipsilaterally. The apical subnucleus possessed only a sparse amount of label. Placements confined to the medial habenula (mH) produced similar results to those observed when the entire habenula was filled, suggesting that the afferent contribution made by the lateral habenula (lH) to the IPN is small. Unilateral placements of WGA-HRP in the dorsal portion of the mH resulted in heavy, predominantly ipsilateral labelling in the lateral subnucleus and the dorsal cap of the rostral subnucleus. In the lateral subnucleus labelled habenular terminals consistently contacted single dendritic processes shared by one or more other boutons, possibly of nonhabenular origin. Labelled habenular terminals in the rostral subnucleus normally contacted one or two dendrites. Labelled terminals in both subnuclei possessed clear, spherical vesicles and a variable number of dense-core vesicles. Unilateral placements of WGA-HRP in the ventral portion of the mH resulted in heavy labelling in the rostral half of the rostral subnucleus with a slight ipsilateral predominance, and in the central and intermediate subnuclei bilaterally. Terminal labelling was observed in crest and S synapses in the intermediate and central subnuclei respectively. Crest synapses, which consist of two parallel habenular terminals contacting an attenuated dendritic process, normally possessed label in only one of the two boutons. In the central subnucleus labelled horizontal axons formed several en passant S synapses with dendritic processes of small and medium diameter. These synaptic specializations of habenular axons contained numerous clear, spherical vesicles. This study demonstrates that a major topographically organized projection to the IPN originates from two distinct subpopulations of habenular neurons which comprise a dorsal sector and a ventral sector of the mH. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated that axons originating from neurons in the ventral and dorsal mH form characteristic contacts in the various IPN subnuclei. PMID- 3170789 TI - Electron microscope study of Golgi-stained cells in lamina II of the rat spinal dorsal horn. AB - Seven Golgi-stained cells in lamina II of the rat spinal dorsal horn were examined by electron microscopy. One of the cells studied was an islet cell, two were stalked cells, and the remaining four cells could not be classed into either group. The islet cell and three of the unclassified cells possessed presynaptic dendrites and formed synapses onto a variety of dendritic spines and shafts within lamina II. The axons of the islet cell and of one of the unclassified cells formed symmetric axodendritic synapses mainly onto dendritic shafts. The two stalked cells and the remaining unclassified cell did not possess vesicle containing dendrites. This last cell bore some resemblance to a stalked cell and may have represented an atypical example of one. Most of the synapses involving the cells took place outside synaptic glomeruli, but all seven cells were postsynaptic to central axons within glomeruli and in most cases to both type I and type II central axons, suggesting a monosynaptic input from myelinated and unmyelinated primary afferent axons. In addition, most of the cells were postsynaptic to vesicle-containing dendrites. It is concluded that certain cells, which do not belong to the stalked or islet classes, possess presynaptic dendrites and function as presumed inhibitory interneurones within lamina II. The target of the cells with presynaptic dendrites includes other cells within lamina II and may also include cells in deeper laminae of the dorsal horn. Further evidence will be needed in order to determine whether all cells in lamina II that do not possess presynaptic dendrites form a single functional class. PMID- 3170791 TI - The lateral giant fibers of the tubificid worm, Branchiura sowerbyi: structural and functional asymmetry in a paired interneuronal system. AB - Neuroanatomical and ultrastructural studies of the paired lateral giant nerve fibers (LGFs) in posterior segments of the tubificid worm, Branchiura sowerbyi, demonstrate that the fibers are 1) segmental in origin (two cell bodies per segment), 2) joined longitudinally and transversely to form an intersegmental syncytial network, and 3) surrounded by a myelinlike sheath. The LGFs are unique among paired giant fiber systems because of their extreme asymmetry, the diameter of the left fiber being several times greater than that of the right. Electrophysiological studies demonstrate that the small, right fiber has a high input resistance and, during mechanosensory stimulation, functions as the locus for LGF spike initiation. The larger, left fiber contributes by enhancing the speed of LGF spike conduction along the animal. One physiological benefit of this asymmetric arrangement may be optimization of escape reflex sensitivity to mechanosensory inputs. PMID- 3170790 TI - Morphology and synaptic connections of HRP-filled, axon-bearing horizontal cells in the Xenopus retina. AB - Axon-bearing horizontal cells of the Xenopus retina were studied by intracellular injection of HRP following physiological characterization. The profile of the cell viewed in whole mount consisted of a round or oval perikaryon about 50 microns in diameter and an axon about 1 mm long which lacked a prominent terminal expansion. The axonal diameter was 0.5-1.0 microns in its proximal third but 2-4 microns in its distal portion. Along its course the axon emitted 25-40 branchlets each 0.2 micron in diameter, up to 10 micron long and terminating in a cluster of two to six synaptic knobs. Electron microscopic examination revealed that both perikaryal dendrites and axon branchlets ended in both rod and cone synaptic bases; cone contacts outnumbered rod contacts by two- to threefold. We were unable to document synapses of presumed interplexiform cells onto identified horizontal cells. Horizontal cell axons are joined in their distal portions by numerous, small (0.2 micron long) gap junctions. Other gap junctions were noted between horizontal cell processes within the synaptic endings of photoreceptors. An hypothesis is advanced whereby the cluster of axon branchlet synaptic knobs permits dynamic interaction of rod and cone synaptic inputs to the horizontal cell. PMID- 3170792 TI - Cholinergic neurons in the brain of a teleost fish (Porichthys notatus) located with a monoclonal antibody to choline acetyltransferase. AB - A monoclonal antibody (Ab8) to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was used to locate structures showing ChAT-like immunoreactivity (ChAT-IR) in the brain of a teleost fish, the midshipman (Porichthys notatus). ChAT is the synthetic enzyme for acetylcholine found in neurons using that neurotransmitter; thus ChAT-IR may be interpreted as indicating putative cholinergic activity. Robust staining is seen in all cranial nerve motor nuclei. In addition, the brainstem of Porichthys is distinguished by two other expansive ChAT-IR zones: a sonic motor nucleus, which innervates swimbladder "drum" muscles, and an octavolateralis efferent nucleus, which innervates acoustic, vestibular, and lateral line end organs. Scattered labeled cells are found in several cranial sensory nuclei--the vagal lobe, and the main and descending trigeminal nuclei. ChAT-IR cells form restricted subpopulations in other noncranial nerve nuclei, including the granule cell layer of the cerebellum; superior, medial, and inferior divisions of the reticular formation; the stratum periventriculare of the midbrain's optic tectum; and the nucleus isthmi in the midbrain tegmentum. In the telencephalon, a dense population of ChAT-IR cells is found in the ventral nucleus of area ventralis; terminals and fine fibers are found in the dorsal, medial, and central nuclei of area dorsalis. Together, the data represent the first complete report of ChAT-IR cell bodies in the brain of any nonmammal with the monoclonal antibody Ab8, which has already been extensively used on a variety of vertebrate brains. The results are thus discussed from a comparative viewpoint, considering reports of ChAT-IR in different taxa. PMID- 3170793 TI - Electromyographic abnormalities in patients undergoing long-term therapy with etretinate. AB - Neuromuscular evaluation including electromyographic studies and serum muscle enzyme level determinations were performed in 13 patients who had been receiving etretinate for 1 to 2 1/2 years. None of the patients had complained of muscle pains or weakness. In 3 of 13 patients the electromyographic studies showed low amplitude and short duration action potentials. Mild muscular weakness was detected in one of these three. The levels of serum muscle enzymes were within the normal range in all patients. Results suggest that etretinate may cause subclinical muscle damage. In view of our results and previous reports, it seems that neuromuscular evaluation should be part of the routine follow-up of patients receiving long-term therapy with etretinate. PMID- 3170794 TI - Tear secretion and lacrimal gland function of rabbits treated with isotretinoin. AB - Adverse ocular reactions including dry eye symptoms and blepharoconjunctivitis are common side effects of treatment with isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid). However, there is little agreement in the literature on the effect of this drug on the tears. Because we have previously shown that the lacrimal gland secretes isotretinoin, we conducted a study of the effect of isotretinoin on lacrimal gland function. Rabbits were treated with isotretinoin for 5 months. Throughout the study tear secretion was monitored by the Schirmer test. At the end of the study lacrimal gland function was assessed by measurement of fluid and protein secretion rates and secretion of retinol in response to a pilocarpine stimulus. Lacrimal gland function was not affected by isotretinoin as compared with a group of age-matched control rabbits; however, Schirmer test scores were significantly increased in the treated animals as compared with control values. We conclude that isotretinoin is not toxic to the lacrimal gland of rabbits. This suggests that ocular irritation in patients treated with isotretinoin is not caused by decreased tear secretion during therapy. PMID- 3170795 TI - Changes in serum lipids in patients with condylomata acuminata treated with interferon alfa-n1 (Wellferon). AB - Nine men with refractory condylomata acuminata were treated with intramuscular interferon alfa-n1 and the effect on their serum lipid levels was noted. Comparison of lipid panels before and after interferon revealed that all nine patients had an increase (median 62 mg/dl, p = 0.004) in their triglyceride level and a decrease (median 21 mg/dl, p = 0.004) in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Total cholesterol levels tended to decrease but the change was not statistically significant. This effect on serum lipids should be considered when interferon alfa-n1 is used in the treatment of genital warts. PMID- 3170797 TI - Isotretinoin and teratogenicity. PMID- 3170796 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to nickel: bioavailability from consumer products and provocation threshold. AB - Twelve subjects sensitive to nickel underwent patch testing with serial dilutions of nickel sulfate in petrolatum and in water. The provocation threshold (the lowest amount of nickel producing a reaction) varied from 5.2 mg (2.5%) to 0.47 microgram (0.01%) when tested in petrolatum. The provocation threshold was higher with aqueous solutions. The lowest provocation threshold in a statistically significant number of individuals was 1.5 micrograms. Nickel bioavailability from dermatitis-inducing earrings and a necklace was determined by immersing them in plasma, normal saline solution, and synthetic sweat at different pH values over 7 days. Nickel leaching under these conditions exceeded the provocation threshold 1.4- to 93-fold, depending on object and solution. The time course varied with solution. After leaching, surface nickel was measured by the action of dilute nitric acid and total nickel was determined by complete dissolution in aqua regia. Nickel was more bioavailable from earrings than from the necklace, presumably reflecting different metallurgy. Plasma was the most effective solution for removing available nickel from earrings, a possible explanation for the frequent induction of sensitization by ear piercing. Comparison of provocation threshold and leaching results may help determine risks from consumer products. PMID- 3170798 TI - Cutaneous necrosis at sites of transfusion: cold agglutinin disease. PMID- 3170799 TI - Tinea versicolor in immunosuppressed patients. PMID- 3170800 TI - Toxic epidermal necrolysis: report of two cases. PMID- 3170801 TI - Syringoma associated with milium-like lesions. PMID- 3170802 TI - Generalized trichoepitheliomas with alopecia and myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3170803 TI - Psoriasis treatment at the Dead Sea: Second International Study Tour. PMID- 3170804 TI - Diphencyprone. PMID- 3170805 TI - Standard oral versus bath-psoralens plus ultraviolet A. PMID- 3170806 TI - Gel-ball pseudodermatosis. PMID- 3170807 TI - Response to tetracycline of telangiectasias in a male hemophiliac with human immunodeficiency virus infection. PMID- 3170808 TI - Yellow hair discoloration due to anthralin. PMID- 3170809 TI - Scleromyxedema: therapeutic response to isotretinoin in three patients. AB - Scleromyxedema is a rare type of papular mucinosis that exhibits a generalized lichenoid pattern. A wide variety of clinical manifestations can occur in patients with this disease. Cutaneous involvement is characteristic, but neurologic, cardiovascular, renal, neoplastic, and other systemic manifestations have been described. A monoclonal gammopathy may be present. Many treatment modalities have been used in the past for scleromyxedema. None, however, have shown consistently favorable results. This report concerns the cases of three patients with scleromyxedema who were treated with isotretinoin. PMID- 3170810 TI - Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phialophora richardsiae. AB - A case of phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phialophora richardsiae is presented. The patient was a 30-year-old man with end stage malignant lymphoma. A subcutaneous abscess that developed on the dorsum of the right foot was removed surgically but immediately recurred. The causative mold was isolated from the pus in the lesion and identified as P. richardsiae. This is the fifth known case of phaeohyphomycosis caused by P. richardsiae and the first recorded in Japan. PMID- 3170811 TI - Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. A study of 76 cases and their relation to diabetes. AB - A review of 76 patients with lichen sclerosus et atrophicus reveals a number of cases in which this disorder is associated with glucose intolerance or diabetes mellitus. The performance of an oral glucose tolerance test is therefore recommended for all patients with lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. PMID- 3170812 TI - Cutaneous infection with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare scrofulaceum intermediate: a new pathogenic entity. AB - The atypical or environmental mycobacterial organisms constitute a large group of potential agents in the pathogenesis of cutaneous infection. The most commonly encountered mycobacterial infection after contact with water is Mycobacterium marinum. We report an unusual case of cutaneous mycobacterial infection caused by a newly described opportunistic mycobacteria, M. avium-intracellulare scrofulaceum intermediate. This case emphasizes the difficulty in distinguishing among the species M. avium-intracellulare, M. scrofulaceum, and M. gordonae. PMID- 3170813 TI - The status of electrosurgery in dermatologic practice. AB - A survey was made of the electrosurgical practices of the members of the American Society of Dermatologic Surgery. Results showed that the majority prefer the traditional electrosurgical units, with the Hyfrecator (Birtcher Corp.) being by far the most popular. The most common forms of high-frequency electrosurgery are electrocoagulation and electrodesiccation. Very few dermatologists use cutting current, although many own machines with this capability. The majority do not use a strict sterile technic when performing electrosurgery. However, there appears to be an increasing awareness of contamination risks, and many dermatologists have started using disposable or sterilizable treatment electrodes. High frequency electrosurgery is by far the most common method of electrosurgery. Electrocautery and surgical galvanism are very rarely used. PMID- 3170814 TI - Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma. AB - We describe a vascular lesion with characteristic clinical and histologic features. The patients when first seen have a small, single, annular, targetoid appearing lesion. Histologically it is a noncircumscribed vascular proliferation that may extend into the subcutaneous tissue. The earliest finding appears to be a superficial proliferation of ectatic dermal vascular lumina with intraluminal papillary projections. The endothelial cells are flat or conspicuously epithelioid with solid intraluminal projections. The deeper component is composed of angular, lymphatic-like lumina that concentrate around sweat gland coils, often making small hemangiomatous nodules. Extensive red cell extravasation, inflammatory aggregates, and fibrin thrombi are present. In later stages there is extensive stromal hemosiderin deposition. The endothelial cells are weakly positive for factor VIII-related antigen and strongly positive for Ulex europaeus 1 lectin. The lesion appears to be persistent but self-limited. While appearing clinically benign, it exhibits worrisome histologic features. The nosologic designation of this lesion is uncertain, but it shares certain morphologic features with epithelioid (histiocytoid) hemangioma and progressive lymphangioma. It also poses serious differential diagnostic problems with the early phases of Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 3170815 TI - Wound healing. PMID- 3170816 TI - Exanthematous elastolytic granuloma. PMID- 3170817 TI - Toxic epidermal necrolysis from griseofulvin. PMID- 3170818 TI - Ave curator cutis! PMID- 3170819 TI - The "butterfly" sign in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 3170820 TI - Nail dystrophy and periungual dermatitis due to cyanoacrylate glue sensitivity. PMID- 3170821 TI - Vulvar syringomas occurring in a 9-year-old child. PMID- 3170822 TI - Adaptation of intestinal enzymes to seasonal and dietary changes in a hibernator: the European hamster (Cricetus cricetus). AB - Effects of diet, hibernation and seasonal variations on hydrolase activities were determined in mucosa and purified brush border membranes of the small intestine of European hamsters. Wild hamsters captured in April and fed for several weeks with an equilibrated laboratory chow (20% protein, 50% carbohydrates) exhibited a rise in disaccharidase activities (sucrase, isomaltase, lactase) but no changes in aminopeptidase N activity. During deep hibernation, in contrast to sucrase and isomaltase activities which showed only minor changes, lactase activity was significantly enhanced along the jejunoileum, and aminopeptidase N activity was maximum in the ileum. After a short period (48 h) of wakefulness and feeding following 10 days of starvation during the hibernation period, the activities of the disaccharidases and of aminopeptidase N returned to values measured in active animals. In contrast to the nutritional state, which has an important impact on the activities of intestinal enzymes, season has little effect on the intestine of the active animal under a controlled environment. The pattern of enzyme activities which occurs along the small intestine in the hibernating animal may be a prerequisite for optimum digestion during the short phases of waking during the hibernation period of the European hamster. PMID- 3170823 TI - Social thermoregulation during hibernation in alpine marmots (Marmota marmota). AB - Body temperature (Tb) of socially hibernating alpine marmots, a pair and two family groups, was monitored continuously from October to March with implanted temperature-sensitive radiotransmitters. At the same time, the animals' behaviour was observed. The recurrent entrances into and arousals from hibernation were highly synchronised within groups. Group members always lay huddled together when euthermic and also when torpid with a few exceptions at higher ambient temperatures (Ta). Body contact with euthermic nestmates warmed torpid marmots passively. The Tb of animals reentering hibernation did not fall to values close to Ta as long as euthermic group members were present. Although animals presumably save energy through social thermoregulation, especially when euthermic, these benefits are not necessarily mutual among group members. Differences in thermoregulatory behaviour of individuals described in this study could be responsible for differential weight losses during winter as found in the natural habitat (Arnold 1986). PMID- 3170824 TI - Glycerol metabolism in a freeze-tolerant arctic insect: an in vivo 13C NMR study. AB - Freeze-tolerance in larvae of Gynaephora groenlandica is enhanced by the accumulation of glycerol in the winter. Since summer larvae remain freeze tolerant despite the lack of glycerol, we investigated glycerol metabolism as a function of acclimation and body temperature using noninvasive 13C NMR spectroscopy. Major constituents of hemolymph isolated from cold- and warm acclimated larvae were identified with the aid of standard NMR spectra and confirmed by TLC and GLC. Spectra obtained on live, warm-acclimated larvae showed the presence of lipids, glycogen, glucose, trehalose and amino acids. Similar spectra of cold-acclimated or previously frozen larvae showed the additional presence of glycerol. In vitro time-lapse 13C spectra of D-[1-13C]glucose added separately to hemolymph or extracted fat body tissue showed that glycerol is synthesized from glucose in the fat body tissue and distributed to the peripheral tissue via hemolymph. In vivo time-lapse 13C spectra of cold- and warm-acclimated larvae were obtained after injection with D-[1-13C]glucose to monitor the production of labeled metabolic intermediates and end-products. [13C]Glycerol was produced between -30 degrees C and 30 degrees C but accumulated only below 5 degrees C. Above 5 degrees C glycerol was degraded and the 13C label incorporated mainly into glycogen. The mechanism underlying temperature control of glycerol biosynthesis and degradation may provide a clue to the role of glycerol in enhancing freeze-tolerance in these insects. PMID- 3170826 TI - Lipid synthesis and deposition by adult Richardson's ground squirrels in the natural environment. AB - Adult male Richardson's ground squirrels, Spermophilus richardsonii, were estimated to have emerged from hibernation in late February to early March, and adult females in mid to late March. Half of the females trapped in late March were not pregnant, as against 10% after that time. In late March males and all females had similar WAT (white adipose tissue) deposits. Between late March and early June, WAT deposits in males increased from 14 g to 64 g (a rate of 5.6 g per week). In non-parous females WAT deposits increased from 13 g to 48 g from late March to late May (4.2 g per week). Fat deposits decreased during lactation but thereafter increased from 8 g to 29 g (a rate of 6.0 g per week) between early May and early June. In males the rate of fatty acid synthesis in BAT (brown adipose tissue), liver and WAT did not change from late March to late May, and rates in the corresponding tissues of non-pregnant females were similar to those in males. Fatty acid synthesis decreased during late pregnancy and lactation. After lactation, the rate of fatty acid synthesis in all tissues increased to that in males and non-pregnant females. Males initiated fattening 5-7 weeks earlier than females. It is concluded that compared with adult males, the later immergence of adult female Richardson's ground squirrels into hibernation is due primarily to later initiation of fattening and less to differences in rate of lipid synthesis after the reproductive period. Rates of fatty acid synthesis in liver and BAT were several times greater than that in WAT. The former tissues may contribute fatty acids for prehibernatory fattening. PMID- 3170827 TI - Consequences of skin color and fur properties for solar heat gain and ultraviolet irradiance in two mammals. AB - In animals with fur or feather coats, heat gain from solar radiation is a function of coat optical, structural, and insulative characteristics, as well as skin color and the optical properties of individual hairs or feathers. In this analysis, I explore the roles of these factors in determining solar heat gain in two desert rodents (the Harris antelope squirrel, Ammospermophilus harrisi, and the round-tailed ground squirrel, Spermophilus tereticaudus). Both species are characterized by black dorsal skin, though they contrast markedly in their general coat thickness and structure. Results demonstrate that changes in coat structure and hair optics can produce differences of up to 40% in solar heat gain between animals of similar color. This analysis also confirms that the model of Walsberg et al. (1978) accurately predicts radiative heat loads within about 5% in most cases. Simulations using this model indicate that dark skin coloration increases solar heat gain by less than or equal to 5%. However, dark skin significantly reduces ultraviolet transmission to levels about one-sixth of those of the lighter ventral skin. PMID- 3170825 TI - Cold-acclimation-induced protein hypertrophy in channel catfish and green sunfish. AB - 1. Following acclimation of channel catfish to a reduction in temperature from 25 degrees to 15 degrees C, there were approximately two-fold increases in liver mass, cell size, total protein, and total enzyme activity, relative to activity per milligram of protein and per gram wet weight of tissue, indicating tissue hypertrophy. There was no change in either total liver DNA content or protein concentration per gram weight. 2. Green sunfish, unlike catfish, showed virtually no change in liver mass following cold acclimation. However, sunfish showed a net increase in total liver protein content and an increase in protein concentration. The increase in protein content was balanced by a reciprocal and equivalent decrease in glycogen content. Consequently, liver mass was maintained. 3. During cold acclimation both catfish and sunfish showed an increase in ventricular heart mass and protein content, but no change in protein concentration. 4. The activities of several enzymes were measured in liver from 15 degrees C and 25 degrees C steady-state-acclimated catfish and at intervals following transfer from 15 degrees to 25 degrees C and from 25 degrees to 15 degrees C. Total tissue enzyme activity showed positive compensation which correlated with the change in liver mass and protein content. Specific activities based on protein and on wet weight showed dissimilar acclimatory patterns. Two enzymes - cytochrome oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase - showed inverse compensation in specific activity but positive compensation in total activity. Citrate synthase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase showed positive compensation in both specific and total activities. 5. The increase in tissue protein content or 'protein hypertrophy' occurred with cell hypertrophy in cold-acclimated catfish, while protein hypertrophy occurred as an increased protein concentration without cell hypertrophy in sunfish. This phenomenon is considered adaptive in that it permits a compensatory increase in the total enzymatic capacity of a tissue. The two-fold increases in total enzyme activities, superimposed on either an increase or decrease in specific activity, suggest that two biochemical mechanisms may be operative during cold-induced liver hypertrophy, one effecting a specific step in protein translation at a point common to the synthesis of all proteins and a second targetted pretranslationally, i.e., transcriptional regulation. PMID- 3170828 TI - Energy expenditure and protein turnover in three species of wallabies (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). AB - Relationships between basal and fed metabolic rates and whole-body protein turnover rates were examined in three species of wallabies, the red-necked pademelon (Thylogale thetis), parma wallaby (Macropus parma) and tammar wallaby (M. eugenii). There were no significant differences among wallaby species in basal metabolic rate (BMR) which was 30% below eutherian mammals. However, the fed metabolic rate of the tammar was lower than that of the other two species (P less than 0.05), as was the protein turnover rate (P less than 0.01) which is consistent with its lower voluntary feed intake and with its lower maintenance nitrogen requirement. Protein turnover rates in the wallabies were 23-47% lower than in eutherian mammals. Similarly, protein synthesis made a lower contribution to fed metabolic rates in the wallabies (7-8%) than in eutherians (17-25%). Thus, compared with several eutherian species, macropodid marsupials have low rates of both energy and protein metabolism, but within the macropodids there is not necessarily a close link between basal metabolic rate and whole-body protein turnover. PMID- 3170829 TI - Assessment of brain perfusion with MR imaging. AB - A technique for assessing brain perfusion with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is described. This technique uses two spin echo sequences that are identical except that the second is sensitised to blood flow by use of a pair of unipolar gradients on either side of the 180 degree pulse. Differences in phase between the two sequences are displayed with a sensitivity to flow rates of +/- 0.5, +/- 1, and +/- 2 mm/s per full scale (+/- pi radians) deflection. The technique was validated for measurement of flow at these rates with a water phantom. Ten patients with cerebrovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebral tumor, periventricular leukomalacia, and meningitis were studied. Differences between grey and white matter were normally seen in adults. Infants displayed differences between central and peripheral regions of the brain. Abnormalities were seen in all clinical cases. The technique will require further validation but it appears to provide a totally noninvasive method for assessing brain perfusion. PMID- 3170830 TI - Gadolinium DTPA enhanced MR imaging of ACTH-secreting microadenomas of the pituitary gland. AB - Gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed in eight patients with Cushing disease and surgically proven pituitary microadenomas. A 1.5 T scanner was used with 3 mm contiguous slices. Short repetition times (TR), short echo times (TE), and long TR, long TE sequences were obtained before and serially after intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA. Three of eight (38%) microadenomas were undetectable both without and with Gd-DTPA: one post-Gd-DTPA scan was false positive on the side opposite the adenoma. Hemihypophysectomy based on a petrosal sinus adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) gradient cured all three patients. Two microadenomas (25%) were visible as hypointense foci following Gd-DTPA but not on unenhanced scans. The remaining three microadenomas (38%) were seen before and after Gd-DTPA on T1-weighted images. In this small series of ACTH-producing microadenomas, one-third were seen on unenhanced 1.5 T scans, one-third were seen only after Gd-DTPA, and one-third were not imaged even with Gd-DTPA enhancement. PMID- 3170831 TI - Intracranial hemangioblastomas: CT and MR findings. AB - The CT and magnetic resonance (MR) findings in eight patients with 10 biopsy proven intracranial hemangioblastomas were reviewed. Three of these patients had von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome. Nine tumors were infratentorial, seven were cystic, and five had well-defined mural nodules. The only three solid tumors, the only brain stem tumor, and the only supratentorial tumor in this series occurred in VHL patients. Magnetic resonance detected a single tumor missed by CT, and no lesion seen on CT was missed by MR. The tumor nodule, when present, was identified in every case using MR, although it was usually more apparent on contrast-enhanced CT. In three cases MR was better than CT in defining the margins of posterior fossa tumors. Serpentine vessels were well seen as flow voids against high signal cyst or tumor on T2-weighted images, but contrast enhanced CT also demonstrated them. Magnetic resonance was found superior to CT for the detection of intracranial hemangioblastomas, and complementary in their characterization. PMID- 3170832 TI - Ipsilateral atrophy in children with hemispheric cerebral tumors: CT findings. AB - The CT findings of 19 children under 16 years of age with primary brain tumors in the cerebral hemisphere were investigated with special reference to the existence of cerebral hemiatrophy ipsilateral to the side of the tumor. "Ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy" was observed in four of 19 cases (21%). These included two cases with germinoma in the basal ganglia and two with low-grade astrocytoma in the frontal and occipital cortex. This peculiar CT finding was not specific to the location or histology of the tumor. The four cases were characterized by slow progression, which contrasted with the rapid progression of tumors shown in seven cases with a mass effect on CT. PMID- 3170833 TI - Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: MR manifestations. AB - Magnetic resonance (MR) examinations of three patients with rhinocerebral mucormycosis are reviewed. The clinical course is outlined and the MR characteristics are analyzed in light of the known pathology. The major MR findings include sinus and orbital disease followed by deep facial extension. Involvement of basal portions of the hemispheres, brain stem, and hypothalamus occurred rapidly following ipsilateral facial or orbital invasion in all three cases. Regions of intracerebral inflammation were hyperintense compared with normal parenchyma on T2-weighted and proton density-weighted images. Septic cavernous sinus and internal carotid artery thrombosis was diagnosed by MR in one case. Magnetic resonance demonstrated partial resolution of intracerebral abnormalities that accompanied clinical improvement in the one surviving patient. PMID- 3170834 TI - MR imaging of the brain in myelopathy associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I. AB - We report the demonstration by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of brain involvement in two of four subjects with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) associated myelopathy. The four cases had slowly progressive spastic paraparesis, urinary incontinence, and positive HTLV-I antibodies in serum or CSF or both. Magnetic resonance revealed areas of abnormal intensity in the cerebral hemispheres of two of these cases; one of them also showed brain stem involvement. No spinal cord lesion could be detected in any case by MR. PMID- 3170835 TI - MR imaging in acute cervical spine trauma. AB - Fourteen patients with cervical spine injuries, 12 with resultant neurological deficits, were scanned with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging within 7 days following injury. Useful information concerning the status of the spinal canal and disks was obtained in most cases. In addition, MR was able to suggest the nature of the pathological changes within the spinal cord, as well as hemorrhage and edema in the extraspinal soft tissues. These observations indicate that following acute cervical spine trauma, MR is a valuable technique in assessing injury to the spinal cord, surrounding soft tissues, vertebra, and disks. PMID- 3170836 TI - Gadolinium-DTPA enhanced MR imaging of intradural neurenteric cysts. AB - Neurenteric cysts are rare congenital lesions that may cause spinal cord compression. Two cases are reported emphasizing the value of magnetic resonance imaging without and with contrast medium (Gd-DTPA) administration. PMID- 3170837 TI - MR evaluation of flow in a ventricular shunt phantom with in vivo correlation. AB - The ability of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to potentially distinguish areas of fluid in motion from areas of static fluid would seem to make it possible to differentiate functioning ventriculoperitoneal shunts from non-functioning shunts in hydrocephalic patients. To test this hypothesis, a standard adult ventricular shunt system including tubing and flow control valve was tested and imaged in vitro in a flow phantom on a 1.5 T magnet with flow rates of 0, 22, 1.00, 0.50, and 0.25 ml/min. A flow void sign was present in the flow control valve on mildly and heavily T2-weighted images at all four flow rates and absent when the flow rate was 0 ml/min. In addition, we were able to image a flow void sign in the flow control valve of a patient with a functioning ventricular shunt, as well as to demonstrate absence of the flow void sign in the flow control valve in a patient with an obstructed ventricular shunt. This data suggest that MR imaging of the flow control valve in patients with ventricular shunts could yield valuable information on shunt patency. PMID- 3170838 TI - Use of phosphorus-31 MR spectroscopy to monitor response to chemotherapy in non Hodgkin lymphoma. AB - Two patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the femur were examined with 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and proton magnetic resonance imaging before and during treatment with chemotherapy. Prior to treatment, 31P MRS of the tumor showed that in comparison to normal skeletal muscle, phosphocreatine was reduced, and phosphomonoesters (PME) and phosphodiesters were elevated. The 31P spectrum became similar to that of normal muscle after 40 days of treatment in both cases. Following the initial dose of chemotherapy, an increase in PME relative to adenosine triphosphate was observed within 48 h in one patient. Magnetic resonance showed a change in the soft tissue component of both tumors and 6-12 months later there was no clinical evidence of any recurrence. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy with 31P may prove to be a sensitive technique for monitoring therapeutic response of tumors. PMID- 3170839 TI - Analysis of the magnitude of susceptibility effects in disease of the brain: implications for MR spectroscopy. AB - The results of 165 clinical examinations of the brain in which phase mapping was used to display susceptibility effects have been analysed. Significant changes were frequently observed when hemorrhage was a primary or secondary event. A substantial fraction of the examinations, including those of tumor, trauma, hemorrhage, and other patients, showed changes of up to 1 ppm. Spectral interpretation may be made more difficult in many clinical circumstances by susceptibility effects. PMID- 3170840 TI - Concha bullosa: CT evaluation. AB - Aeration of the middle turbinate, termed "concha bullosa," is a common anatomical variant of intranasal anatomy. Of 320 patients evaluated for sinus disease with coronal CT, 34% had concha bullosa on at least one side. The overall incidence of inflammatory disease in the ostiomeatal complex in these symptomatic patients was not different between those with and without concha bullosa. However, there were many cases in which an abnormally large middle turbinate appeared to obstruct the ostiomeatal complex causing secondary infection of the ethmoid, frontal, and maxillary sinuses. Obstruction of drainage of the concha bullosa itself can lead to mucocele formation. Furthermore, the presence of a concha bullosa has important implications for the technique of endoscopic surgery used in the management of the sinus disease. The anatomy, pathophysiology, and CT findings in patients with concha bullosa are reviewed. PMID- 3170841 TI - MR imaging of lymphomas: impact on therapy. AB - Seventy-six patients with either Hodgkin disease or non-Hodgkin lymphoma underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging as part of their evaluation. In this report the unique and common MR findings of these neoplasms are reviewed in each of the major anatomic sites. Further, the impact of these findings on therapy decisions and follow-up is emphasized. PMID- 3170842 TI - CT manifestations of tracheobronchial involvement in relapsing polychondritis. AB - Two patients with relapsing polychondritis presented with tracheobronchial stenosis without clinical manifestation of nasal septum or ear lobe cartilage involvement. The CT findings included diffuse, smooth tracheobronchial wall thickening with narrowing and deformity of the lumen. Areas of dense calcium deposition within the thickened tracheal cartilage were seen. On follow-up after steroid medication, tracheobronchial wall thickening was decreased and the configuration of the tracheal lumen returned to normal. PMID- 3170845 TI - Deconvolution of chemical shift spectra in two- or three-dimensional [19F] MR imaging. AB - The chemical shift spectra of 19F in perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) present a nontrivial impulse response function for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The 19F images of organs containing PFCs can be degraded by blurring and ghost image artifacts. Two methods (noise masked deconvolution and maximum entropy deconvolution) are presented that allow the chemical shift spectra of 19F in PFCs to be used to extract high quality MR images free of chemical shift artifact. Both techniques rely on postprocessing of either the raw data or the original image to produce images that are not degraded by the chemical shift spectra of the compound being imaged and that exhibit a signal-to-noise ratio equal to or better than that observed in the original image. The techniques are general in that they can be used with many PFC spectra. Using MR imaging data obtained from phantoms filled with cis/transperfluorodecalin and perfluorotributylamine (FC 43), the methods are compared in terms of their (a) ability to eliminate the chemical shift artifact associated with the PFC spectrum; (b) signal-to-noise performance; and (c) ability to preserve information related to the density and the longitudinal relaxation rate of the resonant nuclei. The utility of these techniques is demonstrated by a series of three-dimensional Fourier transform in vivo images of FC-43 emulsion in a mouse liver. PMID- 3170843 TI - Computed tomography of primary retroperitoneal malignancies. AB - The CT examinations and medical records of 33 patients with primary retroperitoneal malignancies were reviewed. Computed tomography findings were then compared with those from scans performed on 122 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma who presented during the same time interval. Primary retroperitoneal neoplasms had three distinct CT appearances. Twenty-one patients (64%) had large soft tissue masses. Seven patients (21%) had masses with fatty density components, and five patients (15%) had tumors that were primarily of water attenuation. With the exception of those liposarcomas that contained recognizable fat, CT could not distinguish among the different cell types. Seventeen patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma had large dominant retroperitoneal soft tissue masses that resembled primary retroperitoneal malignancies. In most cases, however, CT was able to differentiate these tumor masses from primary retroperitoneal tumors. Although 19 of 20 sarcomas of soft tissue attenuation were heterogeneous, only six of the 17 lymphomas presenting as dominant masses had such an appearance. Computed tomography is extremely helpful in initially evaluating patients with primary retroperitoneal tumors and in assisting the surgeon in planning his or her approach by accurately defining tumor extent. PMID- 3170844 TI - Computed tomography of the normal and traumatized elbow. AB - To study the role of CT in the radiographic evaluation of the elbow, a technique was developed for producing axial scans of the elbow in flexed and extended positions. Computed tomography was performed on a total of 75 patients with acute or subacute elbow injuries. All scans were compared to their respective plain radiographs, and results correlated with each patient's clinical management. Based on these observations, six radiographic criteria were developed which, when present, should prompt further study of the elbow by CT. Under these six conditions, the information provided by CT may change the diagnosis and subsequent management of a patient's injuries. PMID- 3170846 TI - MR imaging of a group I case of Hallervorden-Spatz disease. AB - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of a case of Hallervorden-Spatz disease (HSD) using a 1.5 T system is described. The patient showed progressive spastic diplegia with equinovarus deformity of the feet, dystonic postural movements, dysarthria, dysphagia, mental deterioration, optic nerve atrophy, and peripheral neuropathy. These clinical features were compatible with HSD. Symmetrical, decreased signal intensity was seen on both proton density weighted and T2 weighted spin echo images in the globus pallidus as well as in the substantia nigra (Group I). This MR finding suggests an increased iron deposition in these subcortical nuclei, which is characteristic of HSD. The characteristic MR imaging, together with the relevant clinical features, was considered to be useful for establishing the diagnosis of HSD. PMID- 3170847 TI - MR imaging of traumatic spinal arachnoid cyst. AB - We report a case of post-traumatic lumbar arachnoid cyst, which enlarged the spinal canal and eroded the posterior elements. Computed tomographic myelography and magnetic resonance (MR) were complementary, and both correctly characterized the cystic nature of the lesion. Communication between the cyst and the subarachnoid space was demonstrated on CT myelography, which also clearly showed bone changes in the spinal canal. Continuity of the cyst with the spinal subarachnoid space was seen clearly on sagittal MR, and the MR signal characteristics of the cyst were identical with CSF. PMID- 3170848 TI - CT diagnosis of pyriform sinus perforation. AB - Computed tomography is currently used as an adjunct to oral contrast studies in the diagnosis and management of esophageal and posterior pharyngeal perforation. We present the CT findings of a surgically proven iatrogenic pyriform sinus perforation. Although extravasation of contrast material was depicted by pharyngography, the site of perforation could not be demonstrated. Knowledge of the pattern of spread of pharyngeal neoplasms was essential for correct interpretation of CT. In our patient the perforation was caused by traumatic passage of an Ewald tube, an unusual and previously unreported complication. PMID- 3170849 TI - Thyroglossal duct cyst in hyoid bone: CT confirmation. AB - In our report we describe an atypically sited thyroglossal cyst in a 67-year-old woman. The intrahyoid location is explained by one of the theories of the migration of the rudimentary thyroid during embryogenesis. The diagnosis was confirmed by CT. PMID- 3170850 TI - Computed tomography of intralobar bronchopulmonary sequestration supplied from the renal artery. AB - Intralobar bronchopulmonary sequestration typically receives systemic arterial supply from the descending thoracic or upper abdominal aorta. Isolated reports have documented supply from branch vessels of the abdominal aorta, including the celiac axis and inferior phrenic artery. We report a case of the anomalous arterial supply arising from the right renal artery. PMID- 3170851 TI - MR diagnosis of lipoid pneumonia. AB - High signal intensity on both T1 and T2 spin-echo sequence was found with magnetic resonance imaging in one case of lipoid pneumonia related to mineral oil aspiration. This finding, rather specific of lung parenchyma infiltrated by lipids, may help for the diagnosis of lipoid pneumonia. PMID- 3170852 TI - MR imaging of intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis. AB - Intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis is a rare neoplasm that is most often asymptomatic and usually discovered during a screening examination for another problem. We present a case of intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with homozygous sickle cell disease with CT and magnetic resonance correlation. PMID- 3170853 TI - Computed tomography of mediastinal collaterals in SVC syndrome. AB - A patient undergoing treatment for abdominal lymphoma presented with a superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. The presence of a wide mediastinum and "nodular" mediastinal densities on CT presented a diagnostic problem, necessitating thoracotomy. The thoracotomy was negative for tumor or infection. We believe that the presence of an indwelling catheter and mediastinal lipomatosis resulted in the SVC syndrome. The "nodular" densities represented an unusual set of mediastinal collaterals that must be distinguished from adenopathy. PMID- 3170854 TI - Computed tomography in paraprosthetic sigmoid fistula. AB - A patient with a paraprosthetic-sigmoid fistula following complicated aortic abdominal surgery is reported. Computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis by demonstrating inflammatory tissue around the left limb of the prosthesis in close contact with the sigmoid. PMID- 3170855 TI - MR imaging of vaginal agenesis with hematocolpos. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging of a 14-year-old girl with abdominal pain and known vaginal agenesis revealed massive hematocolpos with a normal cervix and uterine body. Prior ultrasound of this area was significantly limited by bowel loops anterior to the retroflexed uterine body and cervix, which were displaced cephalad out of the pelvic inlet and were not seen. Magnetic resonance is the examination of choice in patients with symptomatic vaginal agenesis prior to surgical correction. PMID- 3170856 TI - Multifocal cerebellar medulloblastoma: CT findings. PMID- 3170857 TI - Bilateral retroorbital chloromas in a 16-month-old child: CT features. PMID- 3170859 TI - Nodular fasciitis of the facial region: CT characteristics. PMID- 3170858 TI - Facial augmentation by injectable silicone: CT appearance. PMID- 3170860 TI - Computed tomography of a giant renal oncocytoma. PMID- 3170861 TI - MR imaging using a rampable system. AB - A series of cranial images obtained at three magnetic field strengths in a volunteer on a fast ramp magnetic resonance system is presented. This study was undertaken in the space of 5 h. PMID- 3170862 TI - Approaches to study the role of S100 proteins in calcium-dependent cellular responses. AB - Calcium is necessary for the optimal growth and cellular functions of most living organisms. For example, Ca is involved in the processes of muscle contraction, stimulus-secretion coupling, bone formation, blood clotting, cell proliferation and motility, and fertilization. Many regulatory actions of Ca are mediated through Ca-binding proteins. Calcium-modulated proteins are a subclass of Ca binding proteins that are thought to be the major signal transducers of Ca acting as a cellular second messenger. Most Ca-modulated proteins are not enzymes but are effector proteins capable of transducing a Ca signal into a biological response by their ability to bind Ca reversibly and modulate the activity of other proteins in a Ca-dependent manner. This review focuses on a set of Ca modulated proteins, the S100 proteins, and their possible roles in mediating Ca dependent cellular events. PMID- 3170863 TI - Physiological and pathological factors influencing bovine immunoglobulin G2 concentration in milk. AB - Bovine IgG2 concentration was determined by radial immunodiffusion in 355 milk samples of uninfected quarters, 101 milk samples of infected quarters, and 118 blood serum samples from 42 Holstein-Friesian cows taken at 30, 150, and 270 d. Concentration of IgG2 in blood serum (11.3 mg/ml) was highest at the beginning of lactation (30 d). Immunoglobulin G2 concentration in milk (16.81 micrograms/ml) from cows with uninfected quarters was not affected by quarter location but was correlated with IgG2 concentration in blood serum (.30; P less than .001). The IgG2 concentration in milk was lower in midlactation (150 d: 14.81 micrograms/ml) and in the two first lactations. Immunoglobulin G2 concentration in milk was correlated with SCC. Quarter infection by Corynebacterium bovis or major pathogens increased IgG2 concentration up to 47.9 micrograms/ml for Staphylococcus aureus. Only S. aureus influenced IgG2 concentration in blood serum. Correlation between IgG2 content and SCC in milk decreased when quarters were infected, regardless of bacterial species. PMID- 3170864 TI - Diurnal variations in the concentration, arteriovenous difference, extraction ratio, and uptake of 3-hydroxybutyrate and plasma free fatty acids in the hind limb of lactating sheep. AB - Four lactating sheep were used to study diurnal variations in the concentration, arteriovenous concentration difference, extraction ratio, and uptake of 3 hydroxybutyrate and plasma free fatty acids by the hind limb of the lactating sheep. The arterial and venous concentrations of 3-hydroxybutyrate showed significant diurnal variations, which appear to be related to the feeding regimen, since values declined after feed withdrawal and rose after refeeding. Throughout the experimental period uptake of 3-hydroxybutyrate by the hind-limb was consistent and none of the small variations in arteriovenous difference, extraction ratio, or uptake of 3-hydroxybutyrate by the hind limb was statistically significant. By contrast, free fatty acid concentrations in arterial blood rose steadily after feed withdrawal. Except at feeding time, there was an output of free fatty acid by the hind limb. PMID- 3170866 TI - Urine cup for collection of urine from cows. AB - A urine cup for continuous and complete collection of urine from cows was constructed from Plastisol, cotton webb strapping, Velcro Brand touch fasteners [corrected], snap-fasteners, denim patches, weather stripping, and vacuum hose. The urine cup was made from Plastisol using a heated lead mold. It was large enough to enclose a 9 cm x 6 cm area around the vulva of a cow and was attached by strapping and Velcro Brand touch fasteners [corrected] to patches glued to the rump. Urine cups were used repeatedly and provided for long-term collection of urine from cows, eliminating the need for indwelling catheters. Applications include long-term nutrient balance, radioisotope, and metabolism studies. PMID- 3170865 TI - Evidence of calmodulin in bovine milk with high somatic cell counts. AB - The objective was to determine whether calmodulin was present in bovine milk with high SCC. A highly specific antibody against calmodulin was developed in rabbits and affinity purified. Enzyme-linked immunoassays were used to determine the presence of calmodulin in the whey and casein fractions in milks with SCC ranging from less than 50,000 to greater than 1,000,000. Percentages of total protein and casein were determined. Calmodulin was detected in some casein fractions regardless of level of SCC. In the whey fraction, calmodulin was positively correlated with increased SCC. Calmodulin may be released into the milk as a result of the elevated proteolytic activity, which is evident in mastitis or as a result of leakage from the serum. This provides further information on the cellular and biochemical changes that occur in the diseased udder. Total protein increased with the increase in SCC while there was an inverse relationship of SCC to the percent casein. PMID- 3170867 TI - Impact of site of inseminate deposition and environmental factors that influence reproduction of dairy cattle. AB - Uterine body and cornual inseminations (n = 2127) were evaluated over a 3-yr period in Holstein and Jersey cattle. For cornual insemination one-half of each semen dose was deposited approximately 2.5 cm into each uterine horn. Conception rate was lower for cervical insemination (39.4%) than uterine body (48.1%) or cornual (49.3%) inseminations. Pregnancy site distribution was equal for both insemination techniques but cervical insemination resulted in 60% right horn pregnancies. Primary housing, service number, inseminator, lactation number, and sire affected conception rate. Older cows were least fertile (31.4%), second service conception rate was lowest (42.6%), and barn housed cattle had a 39.7% conception rate. Days open was affected by primary housing, service number, sire, site of semen placement, and twinning. Twinning increased days open by 10 d. Optimum time for insemination of lactating cows was between 6 and 12 h after the initial observation of estrus. From this study we conclude that shallow cornual insemination is as effective as uterine body insemination, and conception rate is optimized when estrus is positively assessed. PMID- 3170868 TI - Use of dairy herd improvement somatic cell information by Ohio dairy producers and their perceptions of mastitis. AB - A telephone survey was conducted of 149 current recipients of the Ohio DHIA SCC option, 30 past recipients of the SCC option, and 30 producers who had never received the SCC option. Producers were questioned to ascertain their knowledge of mastitis, how they used SCC information, their treatment and prevention of mastitis, and their use of veterinary services. Producers' perceptions of mastitis indicated a high awareness of the consequences of mastitis. However, 10% of producers on DHI still did not practice postmilking teat dipping, and 16% did not handle mastitic cows any differently during milking. Current recipients of SCC data used the data more frequently than did past recipients of the SCC data to evaluate mastitis treatment or control, choose cows to cull, identify cows to dry off early, indicate herd infection, and evaluate mastitis control. The major reason given by nonrecipients for never having enrolled in the SCC program was that they did not perceive a need for it. Further educational programs explaining SCC and its use to producers seems warranted. PMID- 3170870 TI - New land to till, new fields to explore. PMID- 3170869 TI - Persistence of residues in milk following antibiotic treatment of dairy cattle. AB - A study was conducted to determine the persistence of antibiotic residues in milk beyond the recommended withdrawal period. Composite milk samples (n = 122) were collected from 58 lactating dairy cows in the university herd receiving antibiotic treatments for any reason but only when administered as a single drug. Samples were obtained 72 h posttreatment and sampling continued every 24 h until result for antibiotic residue was negative by the Bacillus stearothermophilus disc assay. The antibiotic (n = 7) administered accounted for significant variation in drug persistence; however, route of administration, case number (for cows treated for more than one episode), number of days treated, animal's body weight, lactation number, and daily milk production did not affect drug persistence. Chi-square analysis indicated that 21% of milk samples were positive for residues beyond the recommended withholding period. Milk samples from cows treated with cephapirin and penicillin were the only samples that exceeded recommended withdrawal times. Often doses administered exceeded label directions. PMID- 3170871 TI - Monitoring of sedated pediatric dental patients. AB - The results of this study showed that children sedated with 50 mg/kg chloral hydrate and 25 mg hydroxyzine in conjunction with 40 percent nitrous oxide and 60 percent oxygen may have respiratory difficulties which are not detected by the traditional monitoring of blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate and skin color. The use of a pulse oximeter that noninvasively measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SaO2) allowed earlier detection of respiratory distress, when correction was a relatively simple matter of readjusting head position. This combination of sedative agents was effective in managing two-thirds of the patients originally classified in a behavioral category of definitely negative. No children sedated with only 40 percent nitrous oxide and 60 percent oxygen exhibited respiratory problems, and over 80 percent of the patients classified in behavioral category of negative were managed effectively with this technique. PMID- 3170872 TI - The effect of dental probing on subsequent enamel demineralization. AB - By using an explorer on demineralized fissures, an entrance may be created through which cariogenic micro-organisms and their metabolic products can directly penetrate into the softened subsurface. The effect of probing on the rate of formation and growth of lesions was quantified in vitro. PMID- 3170873 TI - A radiographic study of interproximal alveolar bone crest between the primary molars in children. AB - This study establishes baseline data regarding the normal relationship between the cementoenamel junction and the alveolar crest in the primary dentition, using bitewing radiographs. Measurements greater than those presented in this study may indicate an early stage of periodontal disease in the primary dentition, a tendency of the patient to develop the disease, or a combination of these. PMID- 3170874 TI - The statistical unit for analysis of developmental changes in the attached gingiva in children. AB - The issue of an adequate statistical unit in periodontal studies--sites or mean per patient--has been a subject of discussion for researchers and clinicians. The significant differences in values between these two groups, and some types of teeth, indicate that it would be inappropriate to obtain a mean per patient. PMID- 3170875 TI - Delayed eruption of a maxillary central incisor associated with an odontome: report of case. AB - A case is presented in which a maxillary left central incisor was delayed in its eruption. At initial examination, there was no known etiological factor; two years later, however, an intraoral radiograph revealed a substantial odontome. Treatment consisted of surgical removal of the odontome and application of orthodontic traction to the unerupted tooth. Histological examination confirmed a diagnosis of complex odontome. PMID- 3170876 TI - Ameloblastic fibrodentinoma: report of case. AB - The classification, progression, and treatment of the mixed odontogenic tumors remain controversial. In the case reported here, examination of a patient who presented with delayed eruption of a primary central incisor led to the discovery of an impacted incisor and an associated isolated radiolucency. PMID- 3170877 TI - Long-term interdisciplinary management of multiple mesiodens and delayed eruption: report of case. AB - This report adds to existing knowledge on the treatment of mesiodens, emphasizing the need to individualize the treatment plan, and demonstrates the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation in total patient care. PMID- 3170878 TI - Improvement of the caries resistance of human dental roots by a two-step conversion of the root mineral into fluoridated hydroxylapatite. AB - Roots of extracted human molars were treated for both 10 and 30 min with a saturated solution of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) of pH 2.4 and subsequently with a 5.3 mmol.L-1 solution of sodium fluoride of pH 7.0. The objective of these combined treatments was to convert the highly-soluble root mineral into the less-soluble fluoridated hydroxylapatite, with DCPD as an intermediate, to improve caries resistance. The mineral content of the surface layer was not affected in a significant way. Roots treated in this way were subjected to 50 mmol.L-1 acetate buffer solutions of pH 5.5 and with pIOHA-values of 112, 116, and 122. The proportional reduction of the rate of demineralization (Vdem) of similarly treated roots subjected to buffer solutions of pIOHA 112 and 116 appeared to be equal initially. Since fluoridated hydroxylapatite is insoluble under these conditions, these findings are in agreement with expectations. The reduction of V dem amounted to about 45 and 70% for roots treated for 10 and 30 min, respectively. When roots were treated for 10 and 30 min and then exposed to buffer solutions with a pIOHA 122, reductions of V dem of about 30 and 55%, respectively, were found. Conversion of the root mineral into fluoridated hydroxylapatite can eliminate, in principle, the existing difference in caries susceptibility of the root and of the dental enamel. PMID- 3170879 TI - Comparison of fluoride concentrations in unstimulated whole saliva following the use of a fluoride dentifrice and a fluoride rinse. AB - Recent evidence has suggested that the cariostatic effects of topical fluoride (F) are related to the presence of low concentrations of ionic F in the oral environment. The purpose of this study was to compare the retention of F in the oral environment over 24-hour periods after the use of a F dentifrice or a F rinse. Groups of ten consenting adult subjects (age 18-52 years) brushed and/or rinsed (B/R) in a standardized manner twice per day in the morning (AM) and before bed (PM) with either a placebo dentifrice (8 ppm F), NaF dentifrice (1100 ppm F), or NaF rinse (225 ppm F). Experiments were performed with placebo dentifrice only (PD); F dentifrice only (FD); F dentifrice followed by F rinse (FD/FR); placebo dentifrice followed by F rinse (PD/FR); and F rinse followed by placebo dentifrice (FR/PD). Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected at baseline and then at 0, 15, 30, and 45 min, 1, 2, and 8 hr after B/R in the AM, after B/R in the PM and upon rising the following morning. Salivary flow rate and F were determined for each sampling interval. The results of this study suggest that: (1) F rinse may be a more effective way of delivering topical F than F dentifrice; (2) based on F retention, the combination of FD/FR was not more effective than FR only (PD/FR); (3) older individuals with gingival recession retained higher F levels; and (4) bedtime F application resulted in longer F retention than did daytime application, which may have important implications for enamel remineralization. PMID- 3170880 TI - Dendritic cells and macrophages expressing class II antigens in the normal rat incisor pulp. AB - This study has identified and characterized class II (Ia) antigen-expressing cells in the normal rat incisor pulp by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Two types of Ia-expressing cells occurred: one with a pronounced dendritic appearance located primarily in the periphery of the pulp, and one with morphological characteristics similar to those of macrophages. The latter cells were mainly observed in the central portion of the pulp. A numerical ratio of 1:4 was established between the two cell types. The existence of Ia-expressing cells suggests an inherent capacity of the pulp to process and present foreign antigens. PMID- 3170881 TI - Sn in the Ag-Hg phase of dental amalgam. AB - In a recent study, Sarkar and Eyer (1986) studied an amalgam which was formed using a unique procedure. Based on their results, they concluded that the solubility of Sn in the Ag-Hg (gamma 1) phase of dental amalgam was virtually nil (less than 0.25 wt%). This finding is contrary to the published results of other investigations. The purpose of the present study was to clarify these disparate findings. A low-copper dental amalgam was examined by electron probe microanalysis. This amalgam was selected because it exhibits unusually large gamma 1 grains (10 microns). Because the influence of the electron-analyzing beam can be completely contained within these large grains, grain boundaries or peripheral phases would not be excited, and a valid analysis of the gamma 1 grains themselves could be made. The analyses showed significant Sn contents of 2.0-3.0 wt%. Analyses of areas which contained grain boundaries showed slight or no differences in Sn content compared with that for the grains alone. Furthermore, secondary electron scans of this dental amalgam failed to reveal the intergranular precipitates of Sn-Hg observed by Sarkar and Eyer (1986) in their amalgam. These different results can be explained by the fact that the unique amalgam investigated by Sarkar and Eyer does not exhibit the same diffusional patterns as does dental amalgam, and that the composition of the gamma 1 in the two amalgams is not the same. The final conclusion is that the Ag-Hg (gamma 1) phase in dental amalgam does indeed contain a significant amount of Sn. PMID- 3170882 TI - Loci and characteristics of EMG silent periods during masticatory mandibular movements in rats. AB - Frontal plane mandibular movements and the associated superficial masseter EMG signals of six 39-day-old rats were simultaneously recorded and digitized at a rate of 1 kHz by the optoelectronic method in order to investigate the loci and attributes of masseteric silent periods during mastication of hard (pellets) and soft (slurry) food items. The marked silent periods, defined as cessations of EMG activity during the slow-close (SC) phase of single chewing cycles, were analyzed for their (1) onset and offset durations relative to physiological centric occlusion (PCO), (2) frontal vertical (FV) and frontal horizontal (FH) loci relative to PCO, and (3) FV and FH velocities and accelerations of masticatory mandibular movements in relation to PCO. The start (SSP) and end (ESP) of silent period loci relative to PCO moved superiorly as sequences of pellet mastication progressed. All silent period attributes during slurry consumption were significantly different (p less than or equal to 0.01) from pellet attributes: Slurry SSP and ESP loci were closer to PCO than were pellet loci; durations of silent period loci during pellet mastication were more variable than were slurry durations. FV distance and velocity values for pellets were greater than with pellets. Although FV velocities during both pellet and slurry mastication decreased at ESP relative to SSP values, their FH velocities at ESP actually increased relative to SSP velocities. Loci attributes of EMG silent periods appeared largely dependent on the consistency of the food item being masticated. PMID- 3170883 TI - Release of formaldehyde from dental composites. AB - Polymeric composite materials may contain releasable degradation products or unreacted constituents. Release of formaldehyde from nine different composites was investigated by means of HCHO-hydrazone derivative analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography. Formation of formaldehyde was found in all the investigated materials. The highest concentrations were observed in specimens polymerized in contact with air. A correlation coefficient, r = 0.83, was found between released formaldehyde and the thickness of the unpolymerized surface inhibition layer. The formaldehyde concentrations were reduced when the inhibition layer was removed prior to testing. A continuous release of formaldehyde was evident during the first ten days. The release decreased with time, but was still detectable after 115 days. PMID- 3170884 TI - The release of residual monomeric methyl methacrylate from acrylic appliances in the human mouth: an assay for monomer in saliva. AB - A gas-liquid chromatography assay has been developed for the estimation of methyl methacrylate monomer (MMA) in whole saliva, with a lower limit of detection in the order of 1 microgram/mL. Healthy human dentate subjects wore recently made autopolymerized or heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) palatal appliances. MMA released into saliva was detected for up to one week after insertion of autopolymerized appliances, with a maximum concentration of 45 micrograms/mL in whole saliva or 180 micrograms/mL in the salivary film on the fitting surface. The MMA was not detected in blood or urine. MMA was also present in the saliva of volunteers wearing appliances which had been heat-polymerized at 70 degrees C for one hr but not cured at 70 degrees C for three hr. The maximum amount of monomer released by an autopolymerized base plate was 29.5 micrograms in the first hour, which, while not a toxic or primary irritant dose, could possibly sensitize patients or elicit an allergic reaction. For minimization of monomer release, autopolymerized appliances should be immersed for 24 hr in water before being worn. PMID- 3170885 TI - Metallurgical aspects of high-palladium alloys. AB - Nine commercial high-Pd alloys were investigated. Microstructure and phase composition were screened by x-ray diffraction, light microscopy, and an electron microprobe. After being etched, some high-Pd alloys revealed dendritic structures. The others showed a more homogeneous structure with distinct grain boundaries. Etching was necessary to reveal distinct structures, though the overall etching effect turned out to be limited. On unetched specimens, only a slight chemical heterogeneity could be determined. Except for one alloy, the systems turned out to have complex multi-phase structures. The main face-centered cubic (fcc) phase was Pd-based. As secondary phases, body-centered-cubic (bcc) and/or simple cubic ones were detected. The latter phases were similar to a Cu3Ga and PdGa intermetallic compound, respectively. Face-centered-tetragonal (fct) structures reported by other investigators were not found. PMID- 3170886 TI - Mechanism of improved corrosion resistance of Zn-containing dental amalgams. AB - The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of improved corrosion resistance of Zn-containing dental amalgams. Two Zn-containing conventional amalgams, their Zn-free counterparts, and three experimental amalgams (SnHg, ZnHg, and SnZnHg) were evaluated by the potentiodynamic polarization technique in 1% NaCl solution. The main difference between the two types of amalgams was found in their respective breakdown potentials at which passivity was destroyed. The breakdown potential of Zn-containing amalgams was about 200 mV more positive than that of the Zn-free amalgams. The improved stability of the Zn-containing amalgams has been attributed to the formation of a previously reported Zn stannate passive film which, according to the polarization data, is more resistant to the aggressive chloride ion than tin hydroxide that forms on Zn-free amalgams. The formation of Zn stannate was not found to affect the oxygen reduction reaction, the major cathodic reaction involved in the corrosion of dental amalgams. PMID- 3170887 TI - Influence of desalivation in rats on incidence of caries in intact cagemates. AB - The evidence that dental caries is an infectious and transmitted disease in rodents is unequivocal. However, the factors controlling the transmission of micro-organisms from one animal to another have not been extensively explored. Results from previous studies in our laboratory showed that desalivated animals became infected by Streptococcus sobrinus in a shorter period of time than did intact animals. Furthermore, an additional study in our laboratory showed that animals with intact salivary function caged with desalivated animals harbored more S. sobrinus immediately following establishment of infection than did intact animals housed with other intact animals. Therefore, it seemed appropriate to determine the influence on caries development of caging a desalivated animal with an intact animal. In this study, intact Sprague-Dawley rats were caged with desalivated animals; additional groups of intact animals were housed with chlorhexidine-treated animals that were either intact or desalivated. Although chlorhexidine suppressed both caries development and the level of infection by S. sobrinus, nevertheless, intact animals caged with desalivated animals invariably developed more caries than did intact animals housed with other intact animals. Treating intact animals with chlorhexidine did not affect caries scores in untreated intact cagemates. Overall, the results suggest that a highly acidogenic flora with enhanced virulence (including S. sobrinus) is selected in the desalivated animals; this flora is apparently readily transmitted to intact cagemates, leading to enhanced levels of smooth-surface caries. PMID- 3170888 TI - Application to forensic odontology of aspartic acid racemization in unerupted and supernumerary teeth. AB - Racemization of aspartic acid in dentin protein during the human lifetime progresses with age. The extent of racemization of aspartic acid in coronal dentin of normal permanent teeth can be used in forensic odontology to estimate the age of an individual at the time of death (Ogino et al., 1985). A series of experiments was conducted with dentin separated from unerupted and supernumerary teeth of various ages in an attempt to evaluate the advantages and limitations of this age-estimation method. The current study on nine tooth specimens showed that some unerupted permanent teeth with normal-sized and -shaped crowns (impacted third molar, canine, and incisor) could be used to estimate the age of individuals at the time of death within +/- 4 years. However, supernumerary teeth (mesiodens, paramolar) with extremely tiny (length of crown: 4 approximately 5 mn) and abnormally shaped crowns could not be used for analysis. In such cases, the estimated age of individuals analyzed by the racemization method deviated considerably from their actual age. PMID- 3170890 TI - Fostering the triad: a high purpose fraught with danger. PMID- 3170889 TI - The effects of different levels of dietary sucrose on root caries subsequent to gingivectomy in conventional rats infected with Actinomyces viscosus M-100. AB - Three groups of weanling, Sprague-Dawley-derived rats were inoculated with Actinomyces viscosus M-100 and fed powdered diet containing either 67%, 5%, or 0% confectioner's sugar. Two further groups were fed diet containing 5% confectioner's sugar and inoculated with Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 or S. sobrinus 6715 plus A. viscosus M-100. The most coronal 1 mm of gingiva was removed from maxillary and mandibular right molar quadrants (gingivectomy), and the animals re-inoculated following gingivectomy. The animals were killed 64 days following gingivectomy, and the lingual surface of mandibular first molar roots was measured for exposed root-surface area and root caries. In the groups of rats infected with A. viscosus M-100, root caries area was significantly greater in the group fed diet containing 67% confectioner's sugar. Sucrose level did not significantly affect the amount of exposed lingual first molar root area regardless of whether the tooth had been subjected to a gingivectomy. In the groups of rats receiving diet containing 5% confectioner's sugar, there were no significant differences in root caries area or exposed root-surface area, regardless of the infection status of the animals. In the rat model presented here, a high level of dietary sucrose was a necessary condition for the initiation of root caries in the absence of other readily fermentable carbohydrates. PMID- 3170891 TI - Industry/academia relations: are the problems a barrier to cooperation? PMID- 3170892 TI - New alliances and partnerships in American science and engineering. PMID- 3170893 TI - Challenges for dental researchers in the '90's. PMID- 3170894 TI - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against Bacteroides forsythus and Wolinella recta. AB - Hybrid cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies against Bacteroides forsythus or Wolinella recta were generated by fusion of SP2/0 or FO myeloma cells with splenocytes from Balb/c mice immunized with formalinized cells of B. forsythus FDC 331 or W. recta D13a-g, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and indirect immunofluorescence tests were used to analyze the distribution of the recognized antigens on a panel of 70 strains representing 35 taxa, most of which are members of the oral flora. All monoclonal antibodies--eight against B. forsythus and six against W. recta--proved specific for the immunizing species. Four of the monoclonal antibodies against W. recta recognized antigens expressed by only some of the tested W. recta strains, thus confirming the earlier noted antigenic heterogeneity of this species. Antibody binding patterns consistent with those previously described or distinct for new serogroups could not, however, be observed. Four of the eight anti-B. forsythus monoclonal antibodies bound to only two of the three tested B. forsythus strains. All the remaining monoclonal antibodies detected every strain tested of the respective species against which they were raised. Preliminary results indicated that several of these antibodies should be very useful for the direct identification and quantification of these organisms in subgingival plaque. PMID- 3170895 TI - Age changes in secretory function of male and female rat parotid glands in response to methoxamine and pilocarpine. AB - Saliva secreted in response to methoxamine and pilocarpine was collected from the cannulated ducts of both parotid glands of male and female rats at weekly age intervals from three to 10 weeks, and at 3.5, 8, and 15 months of age. It was analyzed for the concentrations of protein, potassium, calcium, inorganic phosphate, and for amylase activity. The type of protein were determined electrophoretically, and an amino acid analysis of the total protein was also carried out. The wet weights of the glands increased substantially up to eight weeks of age, then reached almost plateau values, and finally tended to decrease at 15 months of age in both sexes. The salivary volumes secreted in response to methoxamine and pilocarpine were positively correlated with the parotid gland weights in both sexes. The concentrations of protein, potassium, and inorganic phosphate were inversely related to the salivary flow rates only at relatively low rates of flow. The amylase activity was positively correlated with the concentration of protein, independent of the nature of the stimulus, age, and sex. With methoxamine as a stimulus, the amylase activity was positively correlated with the concentration of calcium, independent of age and sex. The types of protein and amino acid concentrations were independent of the nature of the stimulus, age, and sex up to 15 months of age. However, in parotid saliva of several rats at 8 and 15 months of age, unusual proteins were observed electrophoretically, independent of the nature of the stimulus and sex. PMID- 3170896 TI - Mineral density and fluoride content of in vitro remineralized lesions. AB - This in vitro investigation studied the remineralization of experimental caries lesions in bovine enamel by use of three methods: (1) surface microhardness, (2) microradiography, and (3) abrasion biopsy for mineral density and fluoride content. The lesions were produced by a two-day exposure to 0.01 mol/L lactic acid/sodium hydroxide buffer partially saturated with 3.0 mmol/L Ca, 1.8 mmol/L P, in 1% CMC, at pH 4.0 and 37 degrees C. The lesions were exposed to a remineralizing solution containing 3.0 mmol/L Ca, 1.8 mmol/L P, and 3 ppm F in 1% CMC at pH 7.0 and 37 degrees C for two, six, and ten days, with solution changes every two days. The data derived from the three methods are presented in sequence from the baseline and at days two, six, and ten of the remineralizing treatment. Microhardness measurements showed hardness recoveries of 35.9, 78.9, and 87.5%, respectively. Microradiography suggested complete recovery with the ten-day remineralization. Abrasion biopsy of successive 10-micron layers to a depth of 100 micron indicated 15.2, 39.8, and 68.8% mineral density recoveries, with fluoride content of the surface layer increasing from a baseline of 300 ppm to 4600, 9000, and 9800 ppm F for the 2, 6, 10 days of remineralization, respectively. Subsequent acid-etching of thin sections from the ten-day remineralized specimens showed that the fluoride-enriched remineralized area was more resistant to acid dissolution than was the underlying normal enamel. PMID- 3170897 TI - Streptococcal adherence on various restorative materials. AB - The adherence of Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556, S. sanguis ATCC 10557, S. mutans Ingbritt, and S. mutans OMZ 176 to the surfaces of composite resins, amalgam alloys, and a Au-Ag-Pd alloy was measured. Adhesion was correlated with values for hydrophobicity and zeta-potential of the bacteria and the restorative materials. The hydrophobicity of the restoratives showed a positive correlation between the numbers of adherent S. sanguis cells, suggesting that hydrophobic interactions are important for the adherence of this bacterial species. In contrast, the numbers of adherent S. mutans cells showed a positive correlation with the zeta-potential of the restoratives, suggesting that electrostatic interactions are important in adherence of this bacterium. PMID- 3170899 TI - Needs for service, education, and research for stomatology in China. PMID- 3170898 TI - A comparison of different treatments for nocturnal bruxism. AB - One hundred bruxers were evaluated for bruxing activity before, during, and after treatment with a portable electromyograph (EMG). A six-month post-treatment follow-up of bruxing activity was obtained. Experimental treatment groups consisted of diurnal biofeedback, nocturnal biofeedback, massed negative practice, and splint therapy. A no-treatment control group was included. The comparative efficacy of treatments was determined by analyses of variance. Both EMG-measured frequency of bruxing episodes and duration of bruxing activity decreased significantly for nocturnal biofeedback and splint therapy treatments but not for massed negative practice, diurnal biofeedback (relaxation), or the no treatment control group. The two-week treatment effects were transient, and bruxing activity generally returned to baseline levels when treatment was withdrawn. These findings are consistent with the findings of previous researchers with regard to nocturnal biofeedback and splint therapy but differ from previous findings for massed negative practice therapy. PMID- 3170900 TI - Physical and biochemical studies of Streptococcus mutans sediments suggest new factors linking the cariogenicity of plaque with its extracellular polysaccharide content. AB - Cultures of Streptococcus mutans MFe28 (serotype h) were grown with differing extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) content. Biochemical and physicochemical characteristics considered relevant to caries were measured. Acid production parameters measured in a pH-stat were: Vm = 0.76 +/- 0.14 mumol/g/sec (wet weight); apparent Km (acid production) = 100 mumol/L; molar yield = 1.97 +/- 0.25 mol acid/mol glucose. Acid anion inhibition of acid production was also noted. Buffering by the pure washed bacterial residue required approx. 112 mumol of base/g (wet weight) of residue to change the pH from 4 to 6.5, and this dropped almost to zero as the EPS content increased to 100%. Diffusion coefficients (D) in the residues were independent of EPS content over a wide range. When the effusion method was used, De (glucose) and De (acetate) were (3.26 +/- 0.6) and (5.05 +/- 0.8) x 10(-6) cm2/sec, respectively. The extracellular fluid fraction, measured by inulin exclusion, increased from 0.33 for the pure bacteria to 0.78 for the pure EPS. It is shown how, by these factors alone, and without any need for diffusion restriction, plaque EPS may lead to a lower pH at the tooth surface, thus increasing the cariogenic challenge. PMID- 3170901 TI - Eminence development of the postnatal human temporomandibular joint. AB - The objective of this study was to analyze postnatal eminence development quantitatively, as a first step in defining the relationship between loading of the TMJ and eminence development. A sample of human osteological remains provided the temporal bones of forty-nine (49) individuals of ages between birth and twenty years. An angular measurement technique permitted quantification of the degree of eminence development of each individual. It was concluded that: (i) the TMJ eminence reaches more than 50% of mature size, and exhibits mature morphology, by the time of completion of eruption of the primary dentition; (ii) the maximum velocity of development of the eminence takes place before three years of age; and (iii) the velocity of development of the eminence is reduced at about five years of age, and slowly diminishes to zero by the middle to late teens. PMID- 3170902 TI - A theoretical model of loading and eminence development of the postnatal human temporomandibular joint. AB - The objectives of the present study were to characterize the loading of the immature TMJ, and to develop a theoretical model to explain the relationship between joint loading and development of the eminence of the human TMJ. The osteological remains of forty individuals, ages ranging from birth to twenty years, were used to provide metric coordinates of the three-dimensional relationships of the anatomy of the biting apparatus. The data were used, in a numerical model of TMJ loading (Smith et al., 1986), to calculate the magnitudes and directions of condylar loading. The following conclusions were drawn: (i) static equilibrium cannot be satisfied unless the immature TMJ is loaded; (ii) in the neonate, the direction of condylar loading is approximately vertical but, as the child matures, the angle of condylar loading becomes more oblique; and (iii) evidence is given in support of the hypothesis that early development of the eminence is consequent upon the stimulation of bone growth by the appropriate position and timing of loading of the immature condyle on the temporal component of the joint. PMID- 3170903 TI - Occurrence of root caries in relation to dental health behavior. AB - We studied the relationship between the occurrence of untreated root caries and a subject's dental health habits, such as the frequency of tooth-brushing, the avoidance of sugar, and regularity of dental visits. A representative sample of 5028 adults was examined. Information on dental health habits was collected by professional interviewers one to six weeks before the clinical examination. A high frequency of tooth-brushing was strongly related to a low occurrence of root caries. The use of sugar in coffee or tea was strongly associated with root caries occurrence among men. The use of sweets was related to root caries occurrence moderately in men but not at all in women. Regular dental check-up behavior was strongly related to an infrequent occurrence of root caries. It was concluded that dental health behavior influences root caries occurrence and that caries on root surfaces is associated with poor dental health habits. Age and gender differences in root caries occurrence, reported earlier, may relate to different dental health behavior of women and men. PMID- 3170904 TI - In vitro studies on the potential for pulpal cytotoxicity of glass-ionomer cements. AB - Elution samples of glass-ionomer cement were prepared in sterile tissue culture medium either by direct contact between the fluid and standard cement samples or through a layer of human dentin, and then tested for toxicity to cultured mouse fibroblasts (L929). The directly-prepared eluates of the cements were highly cytotoxic, but those prepared through dentin were of either limited or no cytotoxicity. The degree of toxicity of some directly-prepared eluates was reduced by adjustment of the pH to neutrality. It was apparent that dentin reduced the potential for cytotoxicity of glass-ionomer cements to a large degree. Proposed mechanisms for the reduction were limited availability of water at the dentin-cement interface and thus limited dissolution of components, buffering of acid components of the cements by dentin, or other chemical interactions with dentin. PMID- 3170905 TI - Correlation of parameters used to estimate monomer conversion in a light-cured composite. AB - The sensitivities of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Knoop hardness, water sorption, and resin leaching were compared for their ability to distinguish differences between composite samples cured through different thicknesses of overlying resin. The method developed allowed samples of light-cured composite to be made with controlled conversion for parameter testing, and eliminated effects of resin lost to slurry during polishing or an increase in conversion as a result of heat generated during grinding. Sensitivity to differences was greatest and equal for FTIR spectroscopy and Knoop hardness, while resin leaching proved to have moderate sensitivity, and water sorption none. The ability of these parameters to predict monomer conversion as measured by FTIR spectroscopy was also determined. Knoop hardness proved the best conversion predictor, resin leaching the next best, and water sorption the worst. Water sorption values did not vary with changes in specimen conversion. PMID- 3170906 TI - Serological examinations for antibodies against Legionella species in dental personnel. AB - Serum samples from 107 dentists, dental assistants, and dental technicians were examined with an indirect immunofluorescence test for antibodies to Legionella pneumophila SG1-SG6, L. micdadei, L. bozemanii, L. dumoffii, L. gormanii, L. jordanis, and L. longbeachae SG1 + 2. Thirty-six (34%) employees from dental personnel from 13 practices showed a positive reaction for antibodies to Legionella pneumophila. Only five samples (5%) from a control group (non-medical workers) were positive. Of the 36 positive serum samples, 13 (36%) reacted with Serogroup 6, 12 with SG 1 (33%), 12 with SG 5 (33%), and three with SG 4 (8%), and eight samples were positive for antibodies to other Legionella species. Dentists had the highest prevalence (50%) of L. pneumophila antibodies, followed by assistants (38%) and technicians (20%). These results indicate that dental personnel are at an increased risk of legionella infection. PMID- 3170907 TI - Time-dependent changes of collagen crosslinks in the socket after tooth extraction in rabbits. AB - Time-dependent changes of the reducible collagen crosslinks in the healing tissue of rabbit tooth extraction wounds were analyzed chromatographically. The ratio of dihydroxylysinonorleucine to hydroxylysinonorleucine in the collagen from normal alveolar bone was 4.4. This value increased about four times, on the 10th day after tooth extraction, coinciding with the phase of active woven bone formation, and then decreased rapidly toward a normal value on the 14th day after tooth extraction. The data suggest that active biosynthesis and fibrillogenesis of bone collagen precede the morphological completion of lamellar bone formation. PMID- 3170908 TI - The effects of experimental variations in dietary sugar intake and oral hygiene on the biochemical composition and pH of free smooth-surface and approximal plaque. AB - The biochemical compositions of free smooth-surface and approximal plaque were compared after 48 hours in the presence and absence of twice-daily toothbrushing and during ingestion of either high- or low-sugar diets in ten young adults. In addition, the effect of a single sugar intake on the pH of both types of plaque was investigated. The results confirmed previously reported differences in biochemical composition between free smooth-surface and approximal plaque, the concentrations of inorganic ions and carbohydrate fractions being generally lower in the approximal sample after all experimental regimens. The concentrations of calcium and phosphorus were doubled on the low-sugar diet compared with the high sugar diet in both types of plaque. A significant decrease in carbohydrate concentrations was observed in free smooth-surface plaque in subjects on the low sugar diet, but not in approximal plaque. Little variation was observed in the biochemical composition which could be attributed to the presence or absence of toothbrushing. The pH in free smooth-surface plaque was lower than that in approximal plaque five minutes after a sugar intake, but the situation was reversed two hours later. The results indicate that differences in composition and pH between free smooth-surface and approximal plaque are associated with reduced access to salivary and dietary influences due to diffusion limitation in the deeper layers of plaque. PMID- 3170909 TI - Comparison of the effects of two topical fluoride regimens on demineralized enamel in vivo. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to study the intra-oral remineralization of acid-softened enamel by a NaF dentifrice compared with that from a combination of topical F agents. Bovine enamel slabs were demineralized with 0.1 mol/L lactic acid at pH 4.0 for 14 hr and then mounted in a removable mandibular appliance. Control slabs were worn for 96 hr by seven adult males who brushed daily with a F free dentifrice. Test slabs were brushed with a NaF dentifrice 4 x/day or with the same dentifrice 4 x/day and a 0.02% APF mouthrinse and a 0.4% SnF2 gel which were applied once/day for three days. The natural dentition was also brushed with the NaF dentifrice during both test periods. Microhardness testing was performed on sound enamel, and after acid-softening, intra-oral exposure (IOE), and acid resistance testing (ART) in 0.01 mol/L lactic acid at pH 4.0 for 24 hr. Control and test slabs were etched with 0.5 mol/L HC1O4 for from 15 to 60 sec. The F content was measured with a F electrode and PO4 by spectrophotometry. Contact microradiography and image analyses were performed on control and test slabs so that changes in mineral content resulting from treatment could be assessed. Both test groups were significantly harder after both IOE and ART than were controls, but no differences appeared between the effects of the two test groups. The F content of control slabs was significantly less than that of both test groups, and the combination-treated slabs showed greater F than did the dentifrice treated slabs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170911 TI - Effect of inoculum size and frequency on the establishment of Streptococcus mutans in the oral cavities of experimental animals. AB - SPF Sprague-Dawley rats and ICR mice were inoculated with either Streptococcus mutans MT8148R (serotype c) or 6715 (g), and the influence of inoculum size, inoculum frequency, and sucrose on the establishment of S. mutans in the oral cavity was examined. Successful colonization of S. mutans in the experimental animals was absolutely dependent on the number of the cells introduced orally. Furthermore, inoculum frequency and sucrose seemed to act as secondary factors to modify the establishment of S. mutans, and it is suggested that high inoculum frequency may decrease the inoculum size necessary for the colonization of S. mutans in the oral cavity. PMID- 3170910 TI - Effects of rinses with an acidic calcium phosphate solution on fluoride uptake, caries, and in situ plaque pH in rats. AB - The effects of oral rinses on enamel fluoride uptake, caries, and plaque pH in rats were investigated by use of (1) an acidic calcium phosphate solution (CPS) saturated with dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) and (2) a 1% fluoride solution. Osborne-Mendel rats, 19 days of age, were randomly assigned to one of four mouth-rinse treatment groups, with the two consecutively administered rinses being: H2O-H2O; H2O-F; CPS-H2O; and CPS-F. The treatments were administered on days 1 through 4, and the animals were provided with a cariogenic challenge throughout the study. The groups treated with F exhibited significantly higher mean levels of enamel-bound F than did the non-F groups. Furthermore, CPS significantly increased uptake of F by enamel when used as an adjunct to the F treatment. The caries scores of the CPS-F and H2O-F groups were not statistically different; however, a strong negative correlation was observed between enamel F content and caries scores, indicating that as more F was incorporated into the teeth, less caries formation occurred. Despite the significant differences in enamel F and caries scores among some of the treatment groups, post mortem in situ plaque pH drop in response to a sucrose rinse showed no differences among these groups. PMID- 3170912 TI - Bicarbonate-based dental powder, fluoride, and saccharin inhibition of dental caries associated with Streptococcus mutans infection of rats. AB - The effects of NaHCO3-based dental powder containing NaF and sodium saccharin on dental caries and Streptococcus mutans recoveries in rats were studied. Weanling specific-pathogen-free Osborne-Mendel (SPFOM) rats were inoculated with S. mutans NCTC-10449S. Four infected groups were topically treated with either demineralized water (DW), a dental powder suspended such that there was 1 part solid per 2 parts DW, 0.073% NaF, or a combination of 0.073% NaF and 0.5% Na saccharin (Nas). NaF-supplemented DW (at 10 ppm F-) was provided to a 5th group of infected rats as a positive treatment control, but this group was otherwise untreated. A sixth but uninfected group was topically treated with DW. All topical treatments were given once for 1 min daily per rat, for 5 days per week. Animals' teeth were swabbed for recovery of 10449S and total recoverable flora. Recoveries of 10449S were lower from powder-treated rats than from DW-treated rats. This difference approached but did not reach statistical significance. Total caries scores were 51% lower for the dental powder, 36% lower for the topical NaF, 34% lower for the combined NaF-Nas, and 54% lower for the NaF supplemented drinking water group, all p less than 0.001. While all of the treatments inhibited smooth-surface caries, the dental powder effects, like those for the combined NaF-Nas, and NaF drinking water, were evident in fissure tooth surfaces as well.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170913 TI - A positive step in the right direction. PMID- 3170914 TI - Revision of Dental Admission Test standard score scale. AB - In October 1988 the Dental Admission Testing Program will begin reporting DAT scores on a new standard score scale. This scale will be based on the underlying ability metric rather than on the normal distribution that is the basis of the current-1 to 9 scale. A comparison of the two standard score scales is included, as well as a discussion of the advantages offered by the ability based metric. PMID- 3170915 TI - The reliability and agreement of subtask assessments. AB - Knowledge of results (KR) for subtasks is an important type of error information for students, since it is related to a particular sequence of movements. Students' attempts to correct movement errors may be hindered when the KR provided by different instructors is not consistent. This investigation evaluated the effectiveness of a training program designed to improve interrater agreement and reliability of assessments for subtasks. The training consisted of discussions of five case studies, and subsequent group grading of prepared teeth. A comparison of pre- and posttraining data suggests that interrater agreement for subtasks can be significantly improved, thereby providing students with more consistent KR. PMID- 3170916 TI - A paradigm for teaching a remedial preclinical course. PMID- 3170917 TI - Dental education's influence on the profession. PMID- 3170918 TI - Dental schools' practices of prophylactic antibiotic coverage for patients with prosthetic joints. PMID- 3170919 TI - The reproducibility of the assessment of restorations by dental students and their teachers. PMID- 3170920 TI - Perceived value of mock interviews as preparation for seeking employment. PMID- 3170921 TI - AADS geriatric dentistry curriculum project. PMID- 3170922 TI - How good are my grades? AB - Currently no index exists for quantifying the grading effectiveness of tests or evaluation systems. The existing literature in educational measurement is suggestive of solutions; however, many of the techniques are only applicable in special cases and the theoretical and computational foundations are difficult. An alternative, the Qa statistic, is proposed. This statistic is the estimated proportion of correctly graded students. It is an extension of the standard error of measurement and takes into account student observed scores, reliability of available score data, and instructor-determined grade cutoffs. A one-page, computer-generated Qa report is analyzed and implications for its use are discussed. Data are presented from a sample of 60 grading situations showing that increased testing produces small marginal increases in proportion of correctly graded students. PMID- 3170924 TI - Special issue: liposuction. PMID- 3170923 TI - Trends in seniors' financial aid counseling and career counseling. AB - The responses to questions regarding financial aid counseling show a small but significant increase in the quality of counseling when compared to 1983 responses. The percent of students who received "enough" information increased, while the percent who received "no" information on financial aid decreased. In addition, seniors have a greater awareness of the broad range of topics that concern securing and managing loans. Improvement can also be seen in the schools' effectiveness in providing assistance in career and placement counseling. The percentage of seniors who said the school was "very helpful" in career choice counseling increased from 11.2 percent to 18.6 percent. In placement counseling, the percent who responded in the "very helpful" category almost doubled. Despite the improvement in counseling during the past five years, most seniors say they have not received enough information concerning financial aid, and over 80 percent of the seniors rated their career choice counseling and placement counseling as "limited" or non-existent. Clearly, from the students' perspective, the schools could be doing a better job of providing counseling services to students. PMID- 3170925 TI - Who should do syringe liposculpturing? PMID- 3170926 TI - The dermatologist as a liposuction surgeon. PMID- 3170927 TI - Why the syringe and not the suction machine? PMID- 3170928 TI - Safety of liposuction: a review of 9478 cases performed by dermatologists. AB - Complications and methods of anesthesia were reviewed in 9478 patients who had undergone liposuction surgery often in several areas. Seventy-one percent of the patients were treated under local anesthesia and the overall level of complications was extremely low. The results of the survey reflect the large number of liposuction procedures that are being performed by dermatologists with a high degree of patient safety. PMID- 3170929 TI - Blunt liposuction cannula dissection with and without suction-assisted lipectomy in reconstructive surgery. AB - Efforts continue to expand the role of blunt liposuction cannulae in flap elevation and reconstructive surgery. Suction-assisted lipectomy to reduce the actual volume of fat tissue present may allow the further reach and compressibility of mobilized flaps. These instruments find the safest possible plane for continued undermining dissection even at great distances. Applications yet unknown await discovery. PMID- 3170930 TI - Warning: traditional liposuction cannulas may be dangerous to your patient's health. AB - Liposuction is the most frequently performed invasive cosmetic procedure in the United States. The vast majority of liposuctions are performed using mechanical aspirators that are connected by sterile tubing to a cannula. Although liposuction cannula shaft designs have been modified and "perfected" to various extents, little attention has been paid to the handle and handle/shaft junction. Herein we present an inherent design-induced difficulty of traditional liposuction cannulas, the inability to be optimally cleaned. In addition, we present a solution. PMID- 3170931 TI - Liposuction surgery under local anesthesia: limited blood loss and minimal lidocaine absorption. AB - A large volume of lidocaine with epinephrine can be administered in dilute concentrations into the subcutaneous space, resulting in minimal blood lidocaine levels. This allows large-volume, multiple-area liposuction to be done painlessly under local anesthesia with only oral and intramuscular sedation and analgesia. Other advantages include minimal blood loss, decreased patient morbidity and expense, and elimination of the risks of general anesthesia and intravenous anesthesia/sedation. PMID- 3170933 TI - Refinements in the technique of liposuction. AB - While liposuction can be used to change the contour of practically the entire body, it has limitations. Because of the nature of the technique employed during the procedure, it also has a certain inherent possibility for complications. One hopes to avoid these by using sound judgment in choosing patients and by employing prudence and good technique during surgery. In addition, the surgeon's artistry is of paramount importance; one truly performs plastic (plastikos = to mold) surgery when resculpturing a patient's body. PMID- 3170932 TI - Liposuction surgery of the lateral thigh. AB - We report our experience in 50 patients who underwent liposuction surgery of the lateral thighs with or without concomitant liposuction surgery of the hip and buttock areas. This procedure has proven to be a remarkably safe and effective method for removal of fat in properly selected individuals. The operation avoids the problems of blood loss and scarring associated with other operations used to remove fat and makes for extremely satisfied patients. PMID- 3170934 TI - Preparing the patient for home care of the percutaneous nephrostomy tube. PMID- 3170935 TI - ET nurse entrepreneurs. PMID- 3170936 TI - Development and evaluation of a protocol for percutaneous nephrostomy tubes. PMID- 3170938 TI - The working poor. PMID- 3170937 TI - Preliminary development of the Family in Rehabilitation Inventory. PMID- 3170939 TI - SHARE program now in 5th year. PMID- 3170940 TI - Identification of vowels in quiet, noise, and reverberation: relationships with age and hearing loss. AB - Vowel identification in quiet, noise, and reverberation was tested with 40 subjects who varied in age and hearing level. Stimuli were 15 English vowels spoken in a (b-t) context in a carrier sentence, which were degraded by reverberation or noise (a babble of 12 voices). Vowel identification scores were correlated with various measures of hearing loss and with age. The mean of four hearing levels at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz, termed HTL4, produced the highest correlation coefficients in all three listening conditions. The correlation with age was smaller than with HTL4 and significant only for the degraded vowels. Further analyses were performed for subjects assigned to four groups on the basis of the amount of hearing loss. In noise, performance of all four groups was significantly different, whereas, in both quiet and reverberation, only the group with the greatest hearing loss performed differently from the other groups. The relationship among hearing loss, age, and number and type of errors is discussed in light of acoustic cues available for vowel identification. PMID- 3170941 TI - F1 structure provides information for final-consonant voicing. AB - Previous research has shown that F1 offset frequencies are generally lower for vowels preceding voiced consonants than for vowels preceding voiceless consonants. Furthermore, it has been shown that listeners use these differences in offset frequency in making judgments about final-consonant voicing. A recent production study [W. Summers, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 847-863 (1987)] reported that F1 frequency differences due to postvocalic voicing are not limited to the final transition or offset region of the preceding vowel. Vowels preceding voiced consonants showed lower F1 onset frequencies and lower F1 steady-state frequencies than vowels preceding voiceless consonants. The present study examined whether F1 frequency differences in the initial transition and steady state regions of preceding vowels affect final-consonant voicing judgments in perception. The results suggest that F1 frequency differences in these early portions of preceding vowels do, in fact, influence listeners' judgments of postvocalic consonantal voicing. PMID- 3170942 TI - Duration discrimination of speech and tonal complex stimuli by normally hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. AB - The ability to discriminate changes in the length of vowels and tonal complexes (filled intervals) and in the duration of closure in stop consonants and gaps in tonal complexes (unfilled intervals) was studied in three normally hearing and seven severely hearing-impaired listeners. The speech stimuli consisted of the vowels (i, I, u, U, a, A) and the consonants (p, t, k), and the tonal complexes consisted of digitally generated sinusoids at 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz. The signals were presented at conversational levels for each listener group, and a 3IFC adaptive procedure was used to estimate difference limens (DLs). The DLs for speech were similar to those for tonal complex stimuli in both the filled and unfilled conditions. Both normally and impaired-hearing listeners demonstrated greater acuity for changes in the duration of filled than unfilled intervals. Mean thresholds for filled intervals obtained from normally hearing listeners were smaller than those obtained from hearing-impaired listeners. For unfilled intervals, however, the difference between listener groups was not significant. A few hearing-impaired listeners demonstrated temporal acuity comparable to that of normally hearing listeners for several listening conditions. Implications of these results are discussed with regard to speech perception in normally and impaired-hearing individuals. PMID- 3170943 TI - Auditory/phonetic categorization with the Symbion multichannel cochlear implant. AB - The phonetic identification ability of an individual (SS) who exhibits the best, or equal to the best, speech understanding of patients using the Symbion four channel cochlear implant is described. It has been found that SS: (1) can use aspects of signal duration to form categories that are isomorphic with the phonetic categories established by listeners with normal auditory function; (2) can combine temporal and spectral cues in a normal fashion to form categories; (3) can use aspects of fricative noises to form categories that correspond to normal phonetic categories; (4) uses information from both F1 and higher formants in vowel identification; and (5) appears to identify stop consonant place of articulation on the basis of information provided by the center frequency of the burst and by the abruptness of frequency change following signal onset. SS has difficulty identifying stop consonants from the information provided by formant transitions and cannot differentially identify signals that have identical F1's and relatively low-frequency F2's. SS's performance suggests that simple speech processing strategies (filtering of the signal into four bands) and monopolar electrode design are viable options in the design of cochlear prostheses. PMID- 3170944 TI - Glottal airflow and transglottal air pressure measurements for male and female speakers in soft, normal, and loud voice. AB - Measurements on the inverse filtered airflow waveform (the "glottal waveform") and of estimated average transglottal pressure and glottal airflow were made from noninvasive recordings of productions of syllable sequences in soft, normal, and loud voice for 25 male and 20 female speakers. Statistical analyses showed that with change from normal to loud voice, both males and females produced loud voice with increased pressure, accompanied by increased ac flow and increased maximum airflow declination rate. With change from normal voice, soft voice was produced with decreased pressure, ac flow and maximum airflow declination rate, and increased dc and average flow. Within the loudness conditions, there was no significant male-female difference in air pressure. Several glottal waveform parameters separated males and females in normal and loud voice. The data indicate higher ac flow and higher maximum airflow declination rate for males. In soft voice, the male and female glottal waveforms were more alike, and there was no significant difference in maximum airflow declination rate. The dc flow did not differ significantly between males and females. Possible relevance to biomechanical differences and differences in voice source characteristics between males and females and across loudness conditions is discussed. PMID- 3170945 TI - Modulation and gap detection for broadband and filtered noise signals. AB - Modulation detection thresholds (as a function of sinusoidal amplitude modulation frequency) and temporal gap detection thresholds were measured for three low-pass filtered noise signals (fc = 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz), a high-pass-filtered noise signal (fc = 4000 Hz), and a broadband signal. The two latter noise signals were effectively low-pass filtered (fc = 6500 Hz) by the earphone. Each of the filtered signals was presented with a complementary filtered noise masker. Modulation and gap detection thresholds were lowest for the broadband and high pass signals. Thresholds were significantly higher for the low-pass signals than for the broadband and high-pass signals. For these tasks and conditions, the high frequency content of the noise signal was more important than was the signal bandwidth. Sensitivity (s) and time constant (tau) indices were derived from functions fitted to the modulation detection data. These indices were compared with gap detection thresholds for corresponding signals. The gap detection thresholds were correlated inversely (rho = -1.0, p less than 0.05) with s (i.e., smaller gap detection thresholds were correlated with greater sensitivity to modulation), but were not correlated significantly with tau, which was relatively invariant across signal conditions. PMID- 3170946 TI - Clutter interference along the target range axis in the echolocating bat, Eptesicus fuscus. AB - The sensitivity of the echolocating bat, Eptesicus fuscus, for detection of a sonar target is impaired by the presence of additional targets located at similar distances. At a range of 54 cm, sensitivity to one target declines if the range separation to other targets is smaller than 8-9 cm. This loss of sensitivity is an example of clutter interference along the range axis, created by simultaneous masking of one set of echoes by another. Echoes that fall within an experimentally defined critical range band may sum together to contribute collectively to detection in that band. Echoes falling into separate bands may be detected independently. Acoustic glints within a band appear to be grouped together to be perceived as a single range-extended target of complex structure. Range bands may thus define what a "target" is by specifying within-target and between-target differences in range. The width of critical range bands appears to depend upon target range, with wider bands at greater ranges. PMID- 3170947 TI - Perception of the missing fundamental in nonhuman primates. AB - In preparation for neurophysiological experiments aimed at mechanisms of pitch perception, four rhesus monkeys were trained to press a button when the fundamental frequencies (missing or present) of two complex tones in a tone pair matched. Both tones were based on a five-component harmonic series. Zero to three of the lowest components could be missing in the first tone, while the second (comparison) tone contained all five harmonics. The range of fundamentals tested varied from 200 to 600 Hz. Three monkeys learned to match tones missing their fundamentals to comparison harmonic complexes with the same pitch, whereas the fourth monkey required the physical presence of the fundamental. Consideration of several cues available to the monkeys suggests that the animals could perceive the missing fundamental. PMID- 3170948 TI - Pitch perception of complex tones and human temporal-lobe function. AB - Sixty-four patients with unilateral temporal-lobe excisions as well as 18 normal control subjects were tested in a missing fundamental pitch perception task. Subjects were required to indicate if the pitch of a pair of tones rose or fell. The excisions encroached upon Heschl's gyri in some cases, whereas, in others, this region was spared. All subjects included for study were able to perform well on a control task in which complex tones including a fundamental were presented. Stimuli for the experimental task, which was procedurally identical with the control task, consisted of several harmonic components spanning the same spectral range, but without a fundamental. Only subjects with right temporal lobectomy in whom Heschl's gyri were excised committed significantly more errors than the normal control group on this task. Patients with left temporal-lobe lesions or with anterior right temporal-lobe excisions were unimpaired. These results suggest that Heschl's gyri and surrounding cortex in the right cerebral hemisphere play a crucial role in extracting the pitch corresponding to the fundamental from a complex tone. PMID- 3170949 TI - Auditory filter shape derived from binaural masking experiments. AB - The shape of the auditory filter was calculated from binaural masking experiments. Two different types of maskers were used in the study, a masker that was interaurally in phase at all frequencies (No), and a masker with an interaural phase difference of 0 below 500 Hz and of pi above 500 Hz. The test signal frequency varied between 200 and 800 Hz, and the test signal was presented either monaurally (Sm) or binaurally in antiphase (S pi). By comparing the masked thresholds from the two experimental conditions, the following conclusion can be drawn: The threshold of the test signal is only affected by the masker phase within a narrow frequency range around the test frequency. Thus, for test-signal frequencies well above or below 500 Hz, no influence of the phase transition on the BMLD is observed, and normal masked thresholds for No and N pi maskers are obtained. For test frequencies around 500 Hz, the step in interaural phase difference leads to a decrease in the interaural correlation of the masker within the critical band around the test-signal frequency. This results in strong threshold changes for both monaural and binaural signals. A calculation of the auditory filter shape from the masked threshold values was performed under the assumption that the masked threshold is only dependent on the interaural cross correlation of the masker within the filter band. Using the formula of the EC theory for the relation between masker correlation and BMLD, the experimental data are well described by a trapezoidal filter with an equivalent rectangular bandwidth of 80 to 84 Hz. PMID- 3170950 TI - A reexamination of forward masking in the auditory nerve. AB - Forward masking, as measured behaviorally, is defined as an increase in a signal's detection threshold resulting from a preceding masker. Previously, forward masking in the auditory nerve has been measured as a reduction in the neural response to a signal when preceded by a masker. However, detection threshold depends on both the magnitude of the response to the signal and the variance of the response. Thus changes in detectability cannot be inferred from response reduction alone. Relkin and Pelli (1987) have described a two-interval forced-choice procedure that may be used to measure the threshold for the detection of a probe signal in recordings of spike counts in single auditory neurons. These methods have been used to study the forward masking of characteristic frequency probe tones by characteristic frequency maskers as masker intensity was varied. Although the masker does reduce the detectability of the probe tone, it was found that the threshold shifts are much less than those observed behaviorally, particularly for intense maskers. In part, the small threshold shifts can be attributed to the reduction in response variance following the masker, which is the result of the adaptation of spontaneous activity. These results imply that behavioral forward masking must result from suboptimal processing of spike counts from auditory neurons at a location central to the auditory nerve. PMID- 3170951 TI - The Acoustical Society of America and the Acoustical Society of Japan, second joint meeting. Honolulu, Hawaii, 14-18 November 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3170952 TI - Maintaining ethical standards in today's dental practice. A perspective of the American Dental Association. PMID- 3170953 TI - Keeping pace with change: when the DDS is not enough. PMID- 3170955 TI - The elderly lead in seeking treatment. The elderly are leading the increasing use of dental services during the second half of the 1980's. PMID- 3170954 TI - Ethics curriculum identifies ethical conflicts. PMID- 3170956 TI - Anatomy of "The demise of Georgetown Dental School". PMID- 3170957 TI - The closing of the D.D.S. Program at Emory University. A retrospective view. PMID- 3170958 TI - A comprehensive analysis of myocardial infarction due to left circumflex artery occlusion: comparison with infarction due to right coronary artery and left anterior descending artery occlusion. AB - Forty consecutive patients with creatine kinase-MB confirmed myocardial infarction due to circumflex artery occlusion (Group 1) were prospectively evaluated and compared with 107 patients with infarction due to right coronary artery occlusion (Group 2) and 94 with left anterior descending artery occlusion (Group 3). All 241 patients underwent exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy, radionuclide ventriculography, 24 h Holter electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring and coronary arteriography before hospital discharge and were followed up for 39 +/- 18 months. There were no significant differences among the three infarct groups in age, gender, number of risk factors, prevalence and type of prior infarction, Norris index, Killip class and frequency of in-hospital complications. Acute ST segment elevation was present in only 48% of patients in Group 1 versus 71 and 72% in Groups 2 and 3, respectively (p = 0.012), and 38% of patients with a circumflex artery-related infarct had no significant ST changes (that is, elevation or depression) on admission (versus 21 and 20% for patients in Groups 2 and 3, respectively) (p = 0.001). Abnormal R waves in lead V1 were more common in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p less than 0.003) as was ST elevation in leads I, aVL and V4 to V6 (p less than or equal to 0.048). These differences in ECG findings between Group 1 and 2 patients correlated with a significantly higher prevalence of posterior and lateral wall asynergy in the group with a circumflex artery-related infarct. Infarct size based on peak creatine kinase levels and multiple radionuclide variables was intermediate in Group 1 compared with that in Group 2 (smallest) and Group 3 (largest). During long-term follow up, the probability of recurrent cardiac events was similar in the three infarct groups. When patients with a circumflex artery-related infarct were stratified according to the presence or absence of abnormal R waves in lead V1 or V2, the abnormal R wave group had more admission ST elevation (p = 0.025), a larger infarct (p less than 0.05) and more extensive coronary artery disease (p = 0.027). In fact, all patients with a circumflex artery-related infarct and an abnormal R wave in lead V1 had multivessel disease. An abnormal R wave in lead V1 had a 96% specificity for circumflex versus right coronary artery-related infarction but a sensitivity of only 21%. Discriminate function analysis of all admission historical and ECG variables identified inferior and lateral ST elevation as independent predictors of circumflex artery-related infarction... PMID- 3170959 TI - Severity of silent myocardial ischemia on ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in patients with stable angina pectoris: relation to prognostic determinants during exercise stress testing and coronary angiography. AB - The relation of silent ischemia in patients with stable angina to known predictors of severity of coronary disease on exercise stress testing and coronary angiography is poorly defined. This issue was therefore examined with use of Holter electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings, treadmill exercise tests and angiographic indexes in 102 patients (not taking antianginal therapy) and the results were compared with Holter and treadmill findings in 42 volunteers. A total of 159 ischemic episodes (90% silent) were identified during 2,503 h on Holter recording in 97 patients (mean duration per episode 22.7 +/- 147 min; range 1 to 234). Holter recordings had a 92% specificity and an 80% positive predictive value, but a sensitivity of only 37% and a negative predictive value of 27% for coronary disease. Sixty-three patients (Group I) had no ischemia on Holter recording, 22 (Group II) had a cumulative duration of 1 to 60 min/24 h and in 12 (Group III) ischemia exceeded 60 min/24 h. There was no significant correlation between cumulative ischemia duration on Holter recording and exercise duration or time to ST segment depression on treadmill exercise. In general, the greater the number of coronary vessels involved and the higher the proximal coronary artery stenosis score, the greater the likelihood of ischemia and the longer the cumulative ischemia duration on Holter recording. Irrespective of the severity of coronary disease, in about 25% of Holter recordings in each angiographic category there were no ischemic episodes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170960 TI - Suppression of exercise-induced angina by magnesium sulfate in patients with variant angina. AB - The effects of intravenous magnesium on exercise-induced angina were examined in 15 patients with variant angina and in 13 patients with stable effort angina and were compared with those of placebo. Symptom-limited bicycle exercise and thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy were performed after intravenous administration of 0.27 mmol/kg body weight of magnesium sulfate and after placebo on different days. In all patients, serum magnesium levels after administration of magnesium sulfate were about twofold higher than levels after placebo. Exercise-induced angina associated with transient ST segment elevation occurred in 11 patients with variant angina receiving placebo and in only 2 of these patients receiving magnesium (p less than 0.005). On the other hand, exercise induced angina was not suppressed by magnesium in any patient with stable effort angina. In these patients there was no significant difference in exercise duration after administration of placebo versus after administration of magnesium. The size of the perfusion defect as measured by thallium-201 scintigraphy was significantly less in patients with variant angina receiving magnesium than that in those receiving placebo (p less than 0.001), whereas it was not significantly different in patients with stable effort angina receiving placebo versus magnesium. In conclusion, exercise-induced angina is suppressed by intravenous magnesium in patients with variant angina but not in patients with stable effort angina. This beneficial effect of magnesium in patients with variant angina is most likely due to improvement of regional myocardial blood flow by suppression of coronary artery spasm. PMID- 3170961 TI - Hyperventilation-induced simultaneous multivessel coronary spasm in patients with variant angina: an echocardiographic and arteriographic study. AB - Left ventricular wall motion abnormalities during an attack of coronary spasm induced by hyperventilation were examined with use of two-dimensional echocardiography in 27 patients with variant angina. Transient abnormal wall motion (asynergy) confined to one coronary artery region was found in 18 of the 27 patients and transient abnormal motion extending over more than one coronary artery region in the remaining 9 patients. Spasm of more than one major coronary artery was demonstrated separately by coronary arteriography during an attack induced by injection of acetylcholine or ergonovine in seven of the nine patients who manifested asynergy in more than one coronary artery region. In one patient, spasm was demonstrated in one major coronary artery, and the other coronary arteries were severely stenosed or occluded organically. In the remaining patient, acetylcholine was not injected into both arteries; however, the attack was sometimes associated with ST segment elevation in the anterior leads and at other times in the inferior leads. Therefore, simultaneous multivessel coronary spasm seems to have occurred in eight of the nine patients who exhibited asynergy in more than one coronary artery region. The 8 patients with simultaneous multivessel coronary spasm had a higher degree and longer duration of ST segment elevation and a higher incidence of arrhythmias during the attack induced by hyperventilation than did the 19 patients with single vessel coronary spasm, and all of them had no significant organic stenosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170962 TI - Regional left ventricular mechanical function during isometric exercise in patients with coronary artery disease: correlation with regional coronary blood flow changes. AB - The effects of isometric exercise on regional left ventricular mechanical function and regional coronary blood flow were evaluated in 17 patients with significant proximal stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery and 10 patients with normal coronary arteriograms. All patients had normal myocardial contractility in the basal condition. All performed isometric handgrip exercise at 50% of the maximal voluntary contraction for 3 min during two-dimensional echocardiographic monitoring and hemodynamic evaluation of great cardiac vein flow by thermodilution technique. During isometric exercise, 7 of the 17 patients with left anterior descending coronary stenosis developed asynergy in the anterior territory (anterior or septal segment, or both) (group I); the remaining 10 showed normal myocardial contraction during the test (group II). The 10 normal subjects manifested no regional asynergy during the test (control group). The increase in great cardiac vein flow at peak isometric exercise was significantly smaller (p less than 0.01) in group I (+15 +/- 8%) than that in group II (+98 +/- 48%) and the control group (+64 +/- 22%). Anterior coronary vascular resistance decreased in group II (-32 +/- 13%) and in the control group (-25 +/- 8%) but increased in group I (+6 +/- 8%, p less than 0.01 versus group II and control group). These data demonstrate that handgrip-induced myocardial asynergy is associated, in our study patients, with an abnormal response of the regional coronary circulation. The increase in coronary vascular resistance in group I patients with asynergy demonstrates that functional mechanisms play a dominant role in left ventricular mechanical dysfunction induced by isometric exercise. PMID- 3170963 TI - Familial occurrence of right ventricular dysplasia: a study involving nine families. AB - Right ventricular pathologic involvement, with autopsy evidence of fibrous and fatty infiltration of the right ventricle, was investigated in members of families in which cases of juvenile sudden death had occurred. Seventy-two subjects from nine families were studied. Sixteen died at a young age and 56 are living. Postmortem investigation in 11 cases (mean age at death 24 years) revealed massive replacement of the right ventricular free wall by fat or fibrous tissue. In the 56 living patients clinical examination included an electrocardiogram (ECG) at rest, ambulatory ECG recording, posteroanterior and lateral chest roentgenograms, M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms and exercise stress tests. In 14 patients, hemodynamic, angiographic and electrophysiologic studies were also carried out; right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy was performed in four. Structural and dynamic right ventricular impairment was detected in 30 living patients (mean age 25 years), and concomitant mild left ventricular abnormalities were present in 4. In eight of the nine families studied at least two members were affected. Ventricular arrhythmias (Lown grade greater than or equal to 4a) were recorded in more than half of the cases. The data reveal that right ventricular dysplasia shows a familial clustering and causes electrical instability that may place affected subjects at risk of sudden death. The mean age of these subjects suggests that the disease is manifested at a young age with a polymorphic clinical and arrhythmic profile. Finally, because this disease is a primary disorder of the ventricular myocardium, it should be included among the cardiomyopathies. PMID- 3170964 TI - Familial occurrence of right ventricular dysplasia: a study involving nine families. PMID- 3170966 TI - Left ventricular function in atrial septal defect: are interventricular interactions still too complex to permit definitive analysis? PMID- 3170965 TI - Left ventricular distensibility and passive elastic stiffness in atrial septal defect. AB - Diminished left ventricular distensibility has been postulated as a cause of left ventricular failure in atrial septal defect. To evaluate this hypothesis the indexes of left ventricular compliance and stiffness were estimated in 15 patients with atrial septal defect and the results compared with those in 10 normal subjects. Age, peak left ventricular systolic pressure, end-diastolic pressure, ejection fraction and cardiac index did not differ significantly between groups. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume for the atrial septal defect group was significantly less than that for the control group (mean +/- SD, 61 +/- 9 ml/m2 versus 73 +/- 13, p less than 0.05) in keeping with previous studies. The slope of the log pressure-volume relation was significantly greater in the group with atrial septal defect than in the normal group (0.056 +/- 0.010 versus 0.044 +/- 0.008, p less than 0.01), consistent with increased chamber stiffness. For a group of six patients with atrial septal defect and elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, normalized compliance was significantly less than that in the control group (0.017 +/- 0.001 versus 0.036 +/- 0.007, p less than 0.02). The slope k of the elastic stiffness-stress relation for the total group with atrial septal defect was significantly greater than that of the normal group (21.0 +/- 2.3 versus 18.1 +/- 2.3, p less than 0.01). An index of muscle fiber stretch (dV/VdP x end-diastolic stress x 100) was significantly less in the atrial septal defect group than in the control group (74 +/- 24 versus 106 +/- 22, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170968 TI - Iodine-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy: a noninvasive method to demonstrate myocardial adrenergic nervous system disintegrity in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. AB - Iodine-123 (I-123) meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging was performed in 31 patients. Three patients were without cardiac disease and 28 had idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy with various degrees of left ventricular dysfunction. The qualitatively assessed myocardial I-123 MIBG scintigrams and the myocardial versus mediastinal I-123 MIBG uptake ratio were related to I-123 MIBG activity and norepinephrine concentration determined from endomyocardial biopsy samples taken from the right side of the interventricular septum. Scintigrams and the MIBG uptake ratio were also related to plasma catecholamine concentrations, left ventricular ejection fraction and New York Heart Association functional class. Patients with distinct myocardial I-123 MIBG uptake (score 1) had a normal ejection fraction (58 +/- 16%). Patients with diffusely reduced uptake or scintigraphic defects (score 2) had a significantly lower ejection fraction (38 +/- 9%, p less than 0.05), whereas patients with shadowy or no visible myocardial uptake (score 3) had the lowest ejection fraction (23 +/- 6%, p less than 0.002 versus patients with score 2). The scintigraphically determined I-123 MIBG activity in the septal region correlated significantly with I-123 MIBG activity from the endomyocardial biopsy samples (r = 0.78, p less than 0.001, n = 9). The myocardial versus mediastinal I-123 MIBG activity ratio was significantly related to myocardial norepinephrine concentration (r = 0.63, n = 28) and to left ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.74, n = 31). These data suggest that myocardial I-123 MIBG scintigraphy is a useful noninvasive method for the assessment of myocardial adrenergic nervous system disintegrity in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. PMID- 3170967 TI - Cardiopulmonary baroreflexes fail to modulate sympathetic responses during isometric exercise in humans: direct evidence from microneurographic studies. AB - To further evaluate the reported interaction in animals and humans between cardiopulmonary baroreflexes and the somatic pressor reflex, studies were performed in 16 normal men using direct measurements of efferent sympathetic nerve activity to muscle (microneurography) during sustained isometric handgrip (30% maximal voluntary contraction). Forearm vasoconstrictor (plethysmography) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity responses to sustained handgrip were measured during cardiopulmonary baroreceptor deactivation (lower body negative pressure, n = 8) and activation (volume expansion, n = 8). In addition, responses to posthandgrip muscle ischemia were studied during these perturbations of cardiopulmonary baroreflexes. No evidence of an interaction between these two reflex pathways was found. When handgrip was performed during lower body negative pressure, the percent increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (+115 +/- 17%) was not different from the sum of the individual sympathetic responses to handgrip and lower body negative pressure performed separately (+106 +/- 19%, p = NS). Likewise, the change in forearm vascular resistance (+3.9 +/- 0.8 U) for sustained handgrip performed during lower body negative pressure was not different from the algebraic sum of the responses to handgrip and lower body negative pressure when these were performed separately (+4.7 +/- 2.7 U, p = NS). No difference was noted in forearm vasoconstrictor and sympathetic nerve activity responses to posthandgrip muscle ischemia and lower body negative pressure when these were performed alone or in combination. Volume expansion also failed to uncover an inhibitory interaction. Handgrip performed before volume expansion resulted in forearm vascular resistance responses (-1.2 +/- 0.9 U) that were not different from the responses when such handgrip was performed after volume infusion (+0.9 +/- 0.9 U, p = NS). Rather than producing the predicted inhibition of muscle sympathetic nerve activity responses to sustained handgrip, volume infusion actually increased these responses. During prevolume sustained handgrip, the increase in sympathetic nerve activity (+64.5 +/- 15.7%) was significantly less than the increase when handgrip was performed after volume infusion (+105.6 +/- 20.1%, p less than 0.01). A similar lack of inhibitory modulation was seen during posthandgrip muscle ischemia performed before and after volume expansion. These data indicate that the efferent sympathetic responses to the somatic pressor reflex are not modulated by the cardiopulmonary baroreflexes in normal humans. PMID- 3170969 TI - Current-based versus energy-based ventricular defibrillation: a prospective study. AB - Defibrillation is thought to be mediated by a depolarizing current; however, the present method of defibrillation is based on delivering an empiric dose of energy to all patients. The hypothesis of this study was that for equivalent efficacy rates, a current-based defibrillation method would result in delivering less energy and peak current than would the standard energy-based method. In a group of 86 consecutive patients with ventricular fibrillation, every other patient was prospectively assigned to receive shocks according to method 1 or method 2. Method 1 was current based and delivered successive shocks of 25, 25 and a maximum of 40 A; method 2 was energy based and delivered shocks of 200, 200 and 360 joules. Patients in both groups were similar with respect to age, gender, weight, cardiac diagnosis, ejection fraction, antiarrhythmic therapy, chest circumference, chest depth and transthoracic impedance. Each method had statistically equivalent first shock (79% current-based versus 81% energy-based) and cumulative shock success rates. The mean first shock energy was 120 +/- 30 joules for patients receiving the current-based method and 200 joules for patients receiving energy-based shocks (p = 0.0001). The mean peak current was 24 +/- 2.3 and 33 +/- 5.0 A, respectively (p = 0.0001). Therefore, for equivalent first shock success rates, the energy-based method delivered 67% more energy and 38% more current than the current-based method. High transthoracic impedance (greater than or equal to 90 omega) predicted first shock failure only in patients undergoing defibrillation by the energy-based method (p = 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170970 TI - Ventricular response to atrial fibrillation: role of atrioventricular conduction pathways. AB - Irregularity of the ventricular rhythm is a hallmark of patients with atrial fibrillation, yet the genesis of the irregularity is not yet fully understood. The role of the atrioventricular (AV) node in determining the irregularity of the ventricular response to atrial fibrillation was investigated by comparing the frequency distributions of the atrial (AA) and the ventricular (RR) intervals. Atrial electrograms and surface electrocardiographic leads were recorded during sustained atrial fibrillation in 12 patients with conduction over the AV node. The scaling factor (mean RR interval/mean AA interval) quantified the ability of the conduction pathway to scale the atrial input to a slower ventricular response and ranged from 2.55 to 5.92 (mean +/- SD 3.77 +/- 0.92). The coefficient of variation (SD/mean) measured the relative variability of the AA and RR interval distributions. The atrial and ventricular coefficients of variation were not significantly different (0.20 +/- 0.04 versus 0.21 +/- 0.03, p greater than 0.27). Similar recordings were analyzed in six patients with conduction over a accessory AV pathway. The scaling factor ranged from 1.54 to 2.46 (2.02 +/- 0.39) and, as was the case for patients with conduction over the AV node, the atrial and ventricular coefficients of variation did not significantly differ (0.24 +/- 0.08 versus 0.27 +/- 0.10, p greater than 0.6). For both groups of patients, ventricular variability and the maximal RR intervals were predicted by the product of the scaling factor and either atrial variability or maximal AA intervals, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170972 TI - A quantitative evaluation of aortic regurgitation after anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries. AB - Twenty patients who had undergone anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries were assessed by Doppler echocardiography or cardiac catheterization, or both, to identify the presence of aortic regurgitation. The severity of aortic regurgitation was evaluated by radionuclide angiographic measurement of the stroke volume index a mean of 47.1 months postoperatively. The stroke volume index was defined as the ratio of the stroke counts between the left and right ventricles. A value greater than 1.8 was considered to indicate significant left ventricular volume overload. Eight patients (40%) were shown to have various degrees of aortic regurgitation by Doppler echocardiography or cardiac catheterization, or both. The mean (+/- SD) stroke volume index was 1.03 +/- 0.15 in these patients and 1.01 +/- 0.21 in the 12 patients without aortic regurgitation (p = NS). The stroke volume index was not above the normal range in any patient, indicating that the degree of aortic regurgitation present was trivial. This medium-term study indicates that trivial or mild aortic regurgitation is a frequent finding after anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries. However, it rarely results in an audible cardiac murmur or significant left ventricular volume overload. Long-term evaluation is required to determine its importance. PMID- 3170971 TI - Risk factors in siblings of people with premature coronary heart disease. AB - Prior studies of the contribution of coronary disease risk factors to familial aggregation of premature coronary disease may have underestimated risk factors by relying on self-reported risk factor prevalence levels or, when risk factors have been measured, by using cut points in excess of the 90th percentile. To determine the actual prevalence of hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes, and the awareness of these coronary risk factors in unaffected family members, 150 apparently coronary disease-free siblings of 86 people who had documented coronary disease before 60 years of age were studied. All subjects participated in a 1 day screening preceded by a self-administered risk factor questionnaire and a personal interview. Participation of both the index patients and siblings exceeded 86%. With the use of nationally established recommendations for blood pressure and lipids, which are based on coronary disease risk curves, screening revealed that 48% of brothers and 41% of sisters were hypertensive, 45% of brothers and 22% of sisters had a lipid abnormality, 38% of siblings were current cigarette smokers and 4.7% were diabetic. Two or more risk factors were present in 42% of brothers and 26% of sisters. More than 75% of siblings had one or more risk factors that would require intervention. When compared with a race-, gender- and age-matched reference population from the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study, distributions for blood pressure and for total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were higher for the siblings in every gender and age group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170974 TI - Fetal atrial septal aneurysm: a cause of fetal atrial arrhythmias. AB - Atrial arrhythmias are commonly found during fetal echocardiography performed during pregnancy to evaluate fetal arrhythmias. An association between atrial arrhythmias and an atrial septal aneurysm has been noted in children and adults. In this study, 105 fetuses were evaluated by fetal echocardiography, 39 (37%) referred to evaluate fetal arrhythmia and 66 (63%) to rule out congenital heart disease. An atrial septal aneurysm was found in 42 (40%) of the fetuses and an atrial arrhythmia in 37 (35%). An atrial septal aneurysm was found in 25 (64%) of the 39 fetuses referred to evaluate a fetal arrhythmia compared with only 17 (26%) of the 66 fetuses referred to rule out congenital heart disease. In this study, the association of an atrial septal aneurysm with an atrial arrhythmia was highly significant (p less than 0.001). PMID- 3170976 TI - Seminar on in vitro studies of cardiac flow and their applications for clinical Doppler echocardiography--I. PMID- 3170973 TI - Doppler echocardiographic flow characteristics of isolated patent ductus arteriosus: better delineation by Doppler color flow mapping. AB - Eighteen infants and children with isolated ductus arteriosus and various hemodynamic states were examined with the Doppler color flow mapping technique to study the flow patterns of the patent ductus and its adjacent structures. Direct visualization of the ductus was achieved in all patients. All ductal flow was shunting left to right from the descending aorta to the pulmonary artery even in the presence of significant elevation of pulmonary artery pressure. However, transient bidirectional shunting was observed in two patients on serial studies. Disturbed systolic and diastolic flows were demonstrated within the ductus in each case. The blood flows in the main pulmonary artery consisted of three distinguishable areas: 1) a characteristic high velocity turbulent retrograde ductal jet throughout the entire cardiac cycle, located in the anterolateral aspect of the main pulmonary artery; 2) nonspecific low velocity retrograde late systolic and early diastolic flow, located in the posteromedial aspect of the main pulmonary artery; and 3) low velocity forward systolic and diastolic flow, occupying the remaining area of the pulmonary artery. The blood flows in the descending aorta near the ductal orifice consisted of disturbed systolic and diastolic flows in a reversed direction. By providing detailed real time blood flow information with simultaneous imaging of the ductus, Doppler color flow mapping greatly facilitates the detection of a small ductal shunt. This technique also allows detection of a bidirectional or right to left ductal shunt. PMID- 3170975 TI - Diastolic filling in acute left ventricular dysfunction: role of the pericardium. AB - Patients with congestive heart failure and elevated left ventricular filling pressures demonstrate an abnormal pattern of diastolic filling that is characterized by a redistribution of diastolic filling to early diastole with reduced reliance on late diastolic filling. The diastolic filling pattern superficially resembles that which is seen with constrictive pericarditis. To examine potential mechanisms for these clinical findings, a model of ischemic left ventricular dysfunction was produced in seven dogs by repeated coronary microsphere embolization, producing a dilated left ventricle with reduced systolic function. Measurements of left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressures, rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt) and echocardiographic end-diastolic and end-systolic areas were obtained at baseline, during intermediate embolization (moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction, dilation and mild increases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure), postembolization (further embolization resulting in severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction, dilation and marked increases in left ventricular end diastolic pressure), after thoracotomy and after pericardiectomy. The filling fraction at 1/3 and 1/2 of diastole and the time constant of left ventricular pressure decline were also determined. Repetitive coronary microembolization caused progressive left ventricular dilation and decreasing systolic function, which did not change after opening the chest or pericardium. The filling fraction at 1/3 and 1/2 of diastole declined with intermediate embolization (12.0 +/- 5.6% and 23.1 +/- 10.8%, respectively) as compared with baseline values (29.0 +/- 11.9%, 42.9 +/- 15.6%, p less than 0.05). After embolization, there was an increase in the 1/3 and the 1/2 filling fraction (47.5 +/- 8.9%, 72.0 +/- 6.0%, respectively, p less than 0.01) as compared with baseline values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170977 TI - Review of hydrodynamic principles for the cardiologist: applications to the study of blood flow and jets by imaging techniques. AB - An understanding of the basic concepts of the physics of blood flow is of vital importance to the cardiologist as he or she attempts to utilize new blood flow imaging modalities, such as Doppler ultrasound and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Concepts such as the Bernoulli equation and its limitations, the continuity equation and volume flow calculations and the theory of free and confined jets have applications in cardiac blood flow-related problems. For example, mitral regurgitant flow may be treated with the free jet theory. Aortic stenosis results in confined jet flow. It is important that the cardiologist understand the basic principles behind these hydrodynamic concepts so that he or she can use them in appropriate applications. The limitations of the simplification of complex hydrodynamic relations that are used clinically need to be clearly understood so that these simplified principles are not used improperly or used to draw oversimplified conclusions. PMID- 3170978 TI - Transcatheter closure of a calcified patent ductus arteriosus in an elderly man. AB - Successful transcatheter closure of a calcified patent ductus arteriosus was performed in a symptomatic 78 year old man. Cardiac catheterization revealed a left to right shunt across the patent ductus arteriosus with a pulmonary to systemic flow ratio of 2.8:1. Calcification of the ductus and severe lung disease increased the risk of surgical patent ductus arteriosus closure. A 17 mm Rashkind double umbrella was positioned in the ductus percutaneously by way of the femoral vein. After closure of the ductus there was marked hemodynamic improvement and the patient was discharged with improved exercise tolerance. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus may be a viable option for the elderly patient too sick to withstand cardiovascular surgery. PMID- 3170979 TI - Differential effect of thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 3170980 TI - Dipyridamole-induced ST segment depression by collateral steal? PMID- 3170981 TI - The collaborative study of the international standard of dog, Canis domesticus, hair/dander extract. AB - A collaborative study was carried out to assess the suitability of a chosen preparation to serve as the international standard (IS) for dog (Canis domesticus) hair/dander extract. Sets of five coded preparations of dog extract, including the proposed IS, were delivered to each participating laboratory in glass-sealed ampules. Fifteen laboratories in nine different countries examined the preparations by RAST inhibition, crossed immunoelectrophoresis/crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis, histamine release, and by other methods. In spite of the use of different versions of methods and different reagents, quite consistent results were obtained, and the proposed IS was found to have a satisfactory activity in all assays and to be useful as a calibrator when allergenic potency of similar dog allergenic extracts was estimated. Four laboratories estimated the specific content of allergens Ag 3, Ag 13, and albumin and found the proposed IS to be a suitable standard for these assays. On the basis of the results from this study, the World Health Organization established the preparation as the international standard for dog hair/dander extract with an assigned unitage of 100,000 IU per ampule. The units refer to both the total allergenic activity of the ampule and to that of individual allergens. PMID- 3170982 TI - Cigarette smoke-sensitive asthma: challenge studies. AB - The effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke on pulmonary function were assessed in 21 subjects with asthma who claimed respiratory complaints (cough, shortness of breath, and chest tightness) on previous exposure to cigarette smoke. Exposure to mechanically produced tobacco smoke was performed in a static inhalation chamber for two-hour intervals at two distinct smoke levels (as measured by carbon monoxide, nicotine, and particulate levels). Seven of the 21 smoke-challenged subjects experienced a significant (greater than 20%) decline in FEV1 during passive exposure to tobacco smoke. One of these seven subjects was nonatopic, whereas a second subject had a negative response to methacholine challenge. The smoke-challenge responses were reproducible in all seven reactive subjects. Increasing concentrations of tobacco smoke failed to elicit pulmonary changes in previously challenged, unreactive or "smoke-tolerant" subjects. There was no association between a positive smoke challenge and the presence of serum IgE antibodies and/or a positive immediate wheal-and-flare skin test to a tobacco leaf extract. Collectively, these studies document a significant decline in pulmonary function in a substantial percentage (33%) of a population of "smoke sensitive" subjects with asthma exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. The data also dissociate this effect from tobacco-leaf hypersensitivity. PMID- 3170983 TI - Quantification of urinary histamine by a new radioenzymatic assay: documentation of assay specificity and establishment of normal excretion rates. AB - The goals of this study were to evaluate the specificity of a new radioenzymatic assay for histamine when it is used for urinary-histamine determinations and to establish normal rates of urinary-histamine excretion for male and female subjects. Specificity of the assay was characterized by reacting urine samples at two different incubation temperatures and with varying amounts of highly purified histamine N-methyltransferase and S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]methionine. The radiolabeled products were then separated by thin-layer chromatography and visualized by fluorescence-enhanced autoradiography. Our results indicate that at least one other substrate for histamine N-methyltransferase in addition to histamine is present in human urine, although the identity of this compound could not be determined. Optimization of enzyme-reaction conditions eliminated the methylation of this unidentified substrate while the methylation of histamine was maintained. The average urinary unidentified substrate while the methylation of histamine was maintained. The average urinary excretion of histamine determined for male subjects (N = 37) and female subjects (N = 111) was 18.7 micrograms/24 hr and 27.3 micrograms/24 hr, respectively. More than 12% of the normal female subjects examined had urinary-histamine excretion rates in excess of 50 micrograms/24 hr, which overlaps into the range previously considered to be indicative of abnormal mast cell secretion. In summary, this is the first radioenzymatic assay for histamine with documented specificity for the measurement of histamine in human urine. PMID- 3170984 TI - Atopy and anaphylactic reactions to suxamethonium. AB - Muscle relaxants are widely used for general anesthesia and may be responsible for IgE-dependent anaphylactic reactions (AR). A controversial issue in the field of drug allergy is whether ARs are more frequent or severe in atopic subjects. Thus, we performed a case-control study comparing the distribution of various clinical and biologic signs of atopy. The case group included 32 patients with a history of AR to suxamethonium, the most commonly used muscle relaxant. The control group included 128 subjects, matched to the case group according to age, gender, and socioeconomic status. The case group consisted mainly of young and middle-aged women. Distribution of symptoms suggestive of atopy and of skin tests and specific IgE to common aeroallergens was similar in both groups. In contrast, total serum IgE level was much higher in the case group, suggesting the presence of specific IgE against suxamethonium or other drugs. Thus, despite previous studies in the literature, atopy is not a risk factor for the occurrence of anaphylactic reactions to muscle relaxants. As AR to suxamethonium is a pure model of an IgE-dependent drug allergy, our data do not support a relationship between atopy and allergic drug reactions. PMID- 3170985 TI - Prospective study on immunologic changes induced by two different Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extracts prepared from whole mite culture and mite bodies. AB - Twenty-four children with bronchial asthma and hypersensitivity to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus by skin titration, specific serum IgE, leukocyte histamine release, and bronchial challenge test were selected for immunotherapy with two partially purified mite extracts. On the basis of age and allergen specific IgE responses, patients were randomly divided for treatment with either an extract prepared from whole mite culture (WMC) or from purified mite bodies (MB). The content of major allergens was quantified for both extracts. The allergen dose administered during immunotherapy was increased up to the highest tolerated dose. The mean cumulative dose of Der p I was 98.9 micrograms for the WMC-treatment group and 76.7 micrograms for the MB-treatment group. Small, but statistically significant, decreases in RAST and crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis responses to major allergens were recorded after 2 years of treatment. A small increase in specific IgG1 and a large persistent increase in specific IgG4 was recorded in both groups. There was a significant decrease in allergen-specific bronchial sensitivity, skin reactivity, and leukocyte sensitivity in both treatment groups. Between both groups, changes in the different parameters were not significantly different. Our data indicate that immunotherapy with both partially purified house dust mite extracts, WMC, and MB leads to a decrease in allergen-specific IgE responses and induce a response in specific IgG4. Both extracts are comparable in modulating leukocyte and skin sensitivity, as well as bronchial reactivity to mite allergens. PMID- 3170986 TI - The Hymenoptera venom study I, 1979-1982: demographics and history-sting data. AB - The Hymenoptera venom study, a study based on case histories, skin test results and adverse reactions, immunotherapy and adverse reactions, and treatment efficacy, for 3236 Hymenoptera-allergic subjects, was begun in 1979 after the Food and Drug Administration approval of Hymenoptera venoms. Eighty-four Fellows and Members of the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology participated in the study. All subjects had a history of an adverse reaction to one or more Hymenoptera insects. The mean age was 30 1/2 years (range 1 to 83 years). Male subjects accounted for 61.5% and female subjects, 38.5%; 3.1% were beekeepers and 32.3% were atopic. Demographic data were similar for subgroups. There was an average of 2.7 history stings per subject. At least one systemic reaction (SR) was reported by 2866 subjects (89%); 2219 (69%) experienced an SR after their most recent sting before entry into the study, and 70% had experienced only a single SR. Moderate to severe SRs were equally likely after stings of yellow jacket, white-faced hornet, and yellow hornet (65%), honeybee (67%), or wasp (70%), although historical SRs were reported more often after stings of yellow jacket, white-faced hornet, or yellow hornet (30%) than after honeybee (19%) or wasp (14%) stings. No association was noted between the number of stings per episode and severity of the SR. Fifty-one percent of SRs were reported as occurring within 10 minutes of sting; however, the onset of a moderate to severe SR sometimes occurred at 301 or more minutes after a sting episode. Of 2219 subjects with an SR after their most recent sting before entry into the study, 68% received epinephrine for treatment. PMID- 3170987 TI - Urine-histamine levels in patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE). AB - Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is defined clinically by recurrent, self-limited episodes of angioedema. The disease is defined biochemically by a deficiency in the functional activity of C1 esterase inhibitor. To date, the actual serum or tissue mediator(s) responsible for the angioedematous lesion remains controversial. Although antihistaminics have been clearly demonstrated to have no efficacy in the long-term treatment of this disorder, instances of elevated urine histamine levels in patients with HAE raises the possibility of a role for histamine in the pathophysiology of this disease. Urine samples were collected from 28 asymptomatic and from 11 symptomatic patients with HAE. The urine histamine levels were compared with levels of 41 normal control subjects. With the exception of one asymptomatic patient with HAE whose diagnoses also included rheumatoid arthritis and secondary Sjogren's syndrome, the urine-histamine levels from asymptomatic patients with HAE were similar to values obtained from normal control subjects. Except for data from two patients with HAE, urine-histamine levels from symptomatic patients with HAE were also indistinguishable from levels of normal volunteers. These data suggest that the vast majority of patients with HAE have normal urine-histamine levels both during and between attacks. Consequently, histamine is unlikely to play a pathophysiologic role in HAE. PMID- 3170988 TI - A reverse-sandwich ELISA for IgG antibody to a pollen allergen. AB - We have developed a reverse-type sandwich ELISA for measurement of IgG (+IgA) antibody to a major allergen of Sugi (Japanese cedar) pollens. In this assay, microplate wells were coated with the allergen proteins that had been dispersed in the presence of 0.5 mol/L NaCl and 20 micrograms/ml of bovine serum albumin, followed by addition of test serum, and then the biotinylated allergen. Beta galactosidase-conjugated streptavidin was used for detection of the captured allergen, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactoside was used as the enzyme substrate, and fluorescence intensity of the product, 4-methylumbelliferone, was measured by a fluorometric reader. This assay was found to detect a total activity of IgG, IgA, and IgE antibodies present in the serum of the patients with pollinosis. IgG (+IgA) antibody was determined after absorption of the serum with anti-IgE Sepharose gel. Sera from individuals who were unexposed to the pollens demonstrated no nonspecific reactions in this assay. This method may be useful as a simple technique for monitoring the efficacy of immunotherapy that is expected to elicit IgG blocking antibody and also for large-scale seroepidemiologic studies on the prevalence of non-IgE antibodies in a general population. PMID- 3170989 TI - Leukotriene C4 release in upper respiratory mucosa during natural exposure to ragweed in ragweed-sensitive children. AB - With high-pressure liquid chromatography and specific radioimmunoassay, the concentration of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) was measured in nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) of groups of children with allergic rhinitis before, during, and after the ragweed-pollen season. Increase LTC4 concentrations in NPS were noted in all the children during the pollen season; the concentration of LTC4 increased from a preseasoned mean of 1.87 +/- 0.43 ng/ml to 5.52 +/- 0.7 ng/ml at the peak of the ragweed season (p less than 0.001). The mean LTC4 concentration 2 weeks after the end of the ragweed season declined only to about 4.45 +/- 1.04 ng/ml. The seasonal variation of LTC4 concentrations and symptom scores of the children paralleled the pattern of the ragweed-pollen count. All children studied were ragweed sensitive, and six children were additionally sensitive to Alternaria (mold). The mold-sensitive children demonstrated higher concentrations of LTC4 in their NPS before and continued to have high LTC4 levels after the peak ragweed season, coinciding with peaks of mold-spore counts. Data presented in this study suggest that mast cells and other target cells in the nasal mucosa of children with allergic rhinitis produce pharmacologically active mediators, such as LTC4, during natural exposure to ragweed or Alternaria. PMID- 3170990 TI - Imported fire ant allergy in young children: skin reactivity and serum IgE antibodies to venom and whole body extract. AB - We studied 19 young children (aged 15 to 39 months) who had had a systemic allergic reaction after imported fire ant (IFA) sting. Skin testing was performed with whole body extract (WBE) of both Solenopsis species; positive reactions to S. invicta was noted in 94% and to S. richteri in 100%. Serum was tested for total IgE level and for specific IgE antibodies by RAST with WBE and venom (V) of S. invicta. In vitro results were compared with those of 19 age and sex-matched atopic control subjects. The range of total serum IgE level was 31 to 1720 IU/ml (geometric mean 160 IU/ml), compared with 7.5 to 6756 IU/ml (geometric mean 85 IU/ml) in the control subjects. The difference between the two groups, however, was not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). In the IFA-allergic group, the IFA WBE RAST mean binding was 13.5% (range 2.0% to 30.2%), and the IFA V RAST mean was 29.2% (range 7.8% to 46.7%). The control sera demonstrated low levels of activity to both IFA WBE RAST (0.7% to 4.8%) and IFA V RAST (0.7% to 5.9%). IFA WBE RAST demonstrated that 26% of the IFA-allergic patients had counts within the range of the atopic control subjects. In contrast, the IFA V RAST clearly separated all IFA-allergic patients from their age and sex-matched atopic control subjects. A scoring system for IFA V RAST is proposed. These results demonstrate superiority of IFA V over IFA WBE RAST in the diagnosis of allergy to S. invicta. PMID- 3170991 TI - A survey of the number and distribution of mast cells in the skin of patients with mast cell disorders. AB - It has been suggested that patients who present with episodes of unexplained anaphylaxis (UEA) or unexplained flushing (UEF) have systemic mastocytosis (SM), a proposal believed to be supported by the presence of excess mast cell (MC) numbers in the skin of these individuals. To examine this hypothesis, we determined the number and distribution of MCs in the skin of nine normal subjects, nine patients with UEA/UEF, six patients with urticaria pigmentosa (UP), and 14 patients with SM. Skin biopsy specimens of normal subjects contained 38.4 +/- 4 (mean +/- SEM) MCs per square millimeter. Biopsy specimens of patients with UEA/UEF contained 71.8 +/- 13 MCs per square millimeter. Although the numbers were significantly different from numbers in skin of normal subjects (p less than 0.05), similar modest increases in MC numbers are observed in a number of skin conditions. In marked contrast, lesional biopsy specimens of patients with UP contained 596.5 +/- 278 MCs per square millimeter (p less than 0.05, n = 6, compared to MC numbers in the skin of normal subjects), and patients with SM had 720.6 +/- 176 MCs per square millimeter in lesional skin (p less than 0.01, n = 12, compared to normal skin). Patients with UP or SM also had increased MC numbers in nonlesional skin compared to normal skin (168.0 MCs per square millimeter, p less than 0.05, n = 5, and 184.4 MCs per square millimeter, p less than 0.01, n = 10, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3170992 TI - Double-blind, placebo-controlled immunotherapy with mixed grass-pollen allergoids. II. Comparison between parameters assessing the efficacy of immunotherapy. AB - Specific immunotherapy is effective in alleviating symptoms in grass pollen induced rhinitis, but there are no clear data demonstrating a correlation between symptom-medication scores and objective parameters. Twenty-five patients taking part in a double-blind, placebo-controlled immunotherapy with mixed grass pollen formalinized allergoids were studied. All patients had the same investigations. Symptom-medication scores were significantly (p less than 0.005, Mann-Whitney U test) reduced in the treated group by comparison to the placebo-treated patients. Nasal challenges performed with threefold increasing numbers of orchard grass pollen grains demonstrated that patients treated with allergoid tolerated a significantly (p less than 0.005, Wilcoxon W test) greater number of grains after treatment, whereas there was no mean difference in the placebo-treated patients. There was a significant (p less than 0.005, Spearman rank-correlation) correlation between nasal challenges and symptom scores during the season. The skin prick test end point was significantly (p less than 0.001, Wilcoxon W test) reduced after treatment in the allergoid-treated group and remained unchanged in the placebo-treated group. There was a significant (p less than 0.001) correlation between the skin prick test end point and symptom scores during the season. Serum grass-pollen IgG titrated by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay with Staphylococcus A protein was significantly (p less than 0.01, Wilcoxon W test) increased after treatment with allergoid, but there was no significant correlation between IgG titer and symptom scores during the season. Serum grass pollen IgE increased (p less than 0.04, Wilcoxon W test) in the treated group but there was no correlation with symptom scores. PMID- 3170993 TI - Efficacy of azelastine in perennial allergic rhinitis: clinical and rhinomanometric evaluation. AB - Azelastine is a chemically novel medication that has been demonstrated to be clinically effective for asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis. In a 10-week, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, the efficacy and safety of azelastine, 1 mg and 2 mg twice daily, were evaluated in 192 patients with symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis. Patients maintained daily symptom and adverse-experience diaries and were evaluated every 2 weeks by the investigators. Pseudoephedrine, 30 mg, was provided as backup medication. Amelioration of most individual symptoms and a decrease in the total symptom scores were observed with both dosages of azelastine; greater improvement with 2 mg twice daily than with 1 mg twice daily, was observed. Nasal congestion, as a symptom and as reflected by rhinomanometric assessment, was the least improved parameter. Backup decongestant medication decreased during treatment with azelastine and increased during the placebo regimen. There were no major adverse effects. PMID- 3170994 TI - Inflammatory changes in conjunctival scrapings after allergen provocation in humans. AB - This study was performed to investigate the inflammatory changes occurring in the human conjunctiva at different time periods after allergen provocation. Twenty three ryegrass-sensitive patients with allergic conjunctivitis (19 with hayfever and four with vernal conjunctivitis) were challenged by topical administration of ryegrass antigen to the eye. Allergen concentrations were increased in increments until an immediate ocular allergic reaction was elicited. Numbers of various inflammatory cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes) found in conjunctival scrapings were quantified and correlated with the clinical profile, total serum IgE, and serum IgE to Rye I antigen. Twenty minutes after some level of antigen topical challenge to the eye, all patients had ocular redness, tearing, and itching. Compared with findings in seven control subjects, significant inflammatory cells were found in the conjunctival scrapings of patients before challenge (p less than 0.05) and 20 minutes (p less than 0.001) and 6 hours (p less than 0.002) after effective challenge. Significant increases in neutrophils of patients occurred after 20 minutes (p less than 0.001), and in eosinophils at 6 hours (p less than 0.005), compared with values of control subjects. When each case was evaluated individually, nine of the 23 patients had highly evident inflammatory changes 6 hours after allergen provocation. The levels of total serum IgE and serum IgE to Rye I antigen of these nine patients did not differ significantly from the other patients in the study. Our data provide the first evidence in humans that significant inflammatory changes in conjunctival scrapings are present long after allergen exposure has ended. PMID- 3170996 TI - Long-term, placebo-controlled trial of ketotifen in the management of preschool children with asthma. PMID- 3170995 TI - The effect of immunotherapy on bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eosinophil cationic protein in pollen-allergic patients. AB - The effect of immunotherapy (IT) on bronchial response to histamine and on eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in 40 birch pollen-allergic patients with a history of rhinoconjunctivitis and wheezing during the birch season was examined. Twenty patients started IT with birch extract (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) before the season. The other 20 patients were not treated with IT. Histamine-challenge tests were performed before, at the start, at pollen peak, at the end, and after the birch-pollen season. Blood samples for determination of ECP were collected at the same time. Skin prick tests and nasal provocation tests were also performed before and after the season. A significant increase in bronchial hyperresponsiveness was noted in the group treated with IT and in the untreated group during the season. The increase was greatest in the untreated group with the maximal difference between the two groups at the end of the pollen season (p less than 0.07). IT treatment was followed by significantly less medication and higher peak expiratory flow values. The levels of ECP increased during the season in untreated patients (p less than 0.05) but not in patients treated with IT. The ECP levels of patients from both groups correlated significantly with histamine sensitivity (p less than 0.001). PMID- 3170997 TI - Prostaglandins in Ascaris antigen. PMID- 3170998 TI - Effects of SO2 exposure on allergic sensitization in the guinea pig. AB - The effect of sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure on local bronchial sensitization to inhaled antigen was studied in the guinea pig. Exposure to SO2 (0.1 to 16.6 ppm) was performed in a 20 L exposure chamber for 8 hours on 5 consecutive days, while temperature, moisture, and concentration of SO2 were monitored and kept constant. SO2 concentrations were measured hourly by Schiff's reaction. On the last 3 days, SO2 exposure was followed by inhalation of nebulized ovalbumin (OA) for 45 minutes. One week later, specific bronchial provocation with inhaled OA (0.1%) followed by plethysmographic measurements of airway obstruction were performed every 2 days during a 2-week period. Specific antibodies against OA were measured in serum and bronchoalveolar fluid by a direct enzyme immunoassay. The SO2 exposed group (N = 17) demonstrated 67% to 100% positive bronchial reactions to inhaled OA, depending on the concentration of SO2, whereas the control group without previous SO2 exposure (N = 14) demonstrated bronchial reactions in only one animal (7%: p less than 0.05). The degree of bronchial obstruction was significantly higher in the exposed group, compared to the control group, for all SO2 concentrations (p less than 0.05). OA-specific antibodies in serum and bronchoalveolar fluid increased in SO2-exposed groups significantly, compared to the control group (p less than 0.05). It is concluded from these results that exposure to SO2 in low and medium concentrations can facilitate local allergic sensitization in the guinea pig. PMID- 3170999 TI - Release of lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase from isolated human eosinophils. AB - The human eosinophil contains lysosomal enzymes that can contribute directly to tissue injury and inflammation. Characterization of lysosomal-enzyme release from the eosinophil has been largely limited to isolates from patients with hypereosinophilia. Because eosinophils from such individuals may not demonstrate normal functional responses, we established a method to obtain purified, normal human eosinophils with a Percoll gradient. With this method, it is possible to isolate eosinophils (95.5 +/- 3.9%) and neutrophils (greater than 99%) in high purity from normal subjects. With these granulocyte isolates, we evaluated and compared release of the lysosomal enzyme, beta-glucuronidase (BG), after cell activation with opsonized zymosan particles. Neutrophils released 33.0 +/- 1.2% (mean +/- SEM; n = 5) of total BG (30 minutes of incubation with zymosan), whereas eosinophil secretion was 24.2 +/- 1.7% (n = 5). The fungal metabolite, cytochalasin B (CB), which inhibits microfilament activity, enhanced BG secretion from neutrophils (33.0 +/- 1.2% to 42.8 +/- 2.8% with CB; p less than 0.01). In contrast, CB had no effect on eosinophil BG release. Interestingly, BG content in eosinophils is 101.2 +/- 3.9 micrograms phenolphthalein per 10(6) cells per 18 hours, which compares to a neutrophil level of 51.0 +/- 3.2 (p less than 0.001). Thus, although eosinophils and neutrophils release a similar percentage of total cellular BG on stimulation with zymosan particles, the absolute amount of enzyme per cell is greater in the eosinophil than in the neutrophil. Study of eosinophil function promises to elicit a more complete insight into its contribution to tissue injury. PMID- 3171000 TI - Allergens of the imported fire ant. AB - A whole body extact (WBE) was prepared by saline extraction of ground imported fire ants (IFA). A serum pool from rabbits immunized with the WBE elicited 31 precipitates on crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis was performed with sera from 26 RAST IFA-positive subjects, 24 of whom were known for clinical hypersensitivity to IFA and two subjects, known to be hypersensitive to yellow jacket. Radiostaining was obtained to 14 precipitates, some of which were judged to be partially identical. Thus, six apparently different allergen groups could be identified. Two of these fulfilled arbitrary criteria of major allergens. Three of the IFA WBE allergens were easily identified in crossed immunoelectrophoresis of a commercially obtained IFA-venom preparation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the IFA WBE demonstrated protein bands with molecular weight ranging from 10,000 to 200,000 daltons. An immunoblotting technique with nitrocellulose paper strips revealed binding of human IgE from hypersensitive subjects to four different bands (either single bands or clusters of proteins of similar molecular weight) with molecular weights ranging from 13,000 to 42,000 daltons. It is a notable finding that these insect allergens thus were of a similar size as important aeroallergens. PMID- 3171001 TI - Increased responsiveness to histamine after propranolol in subjects with asthma nonresponsive to the bronchoconstrictive effect of propranolol. AB - Eight nonsmoking subjects with asthma, nonresponsive to the bronchoconstrictive effect of oral propranolol, were studied. The airway response to increasing concentrations of histamine aerosol was assessed by measuring FEV1. The threshold provocative dose of histamine needed to cause a 20% fall in starting FEV1 (PD20) was measured by log dose-response curve. Histamine challenge was performed in duplicate after premedication with placebo or 40 mg of propranolol on separate days. The mean starting FEV1 did not change significantly after placebo and after propranolol administration. The mean PD20 values after propranolol (0.37 mg/ml and 0.32 mg/ml, respectively, for the first and the second challenge) were significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than mean control PD20 values (1.36 mg/ml and 1.48 mg/ml, respectively, for the first and the second challenge). These results indicate that propranolol increases airway responsiveness to histamine, even in those subjects with asthma in whom propranolol has little bronchoconstrictive effect. PMID- 3171002 TI - The laboratory evaluation of IgE antibody to metabisulfites in patients skin test positive to metabisulfites. AB - An immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction has been proposed as one possible mechanism in which metabisulfites (MBSs) cause reactions. As demonstrated with certain occupational chemicals, we proposed that MBS might conjugate with human proteins, such as human serum albumin, and then cause an immunologic response. Because we had identified no reactions to MBS at the Northwestern Allergy Service, we used sera from four patients reported elsewhere as having positive skin tests and positive oral challenges to sulfites. We attempted to demonstrate, both in vitro by ELISA and in vivo by passive cutaneous transfer to monkey, evidence for IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to MBSs. Our results demonstrated that there is evidence of IgE antibody by passive transfer for one patient studied, but no evidence of IgE antibody by ELISA to an MBS-albumin conjugate in any of the four patients. This study illustrates the complexities involved in the evaluation and mechanism of MBS-induced disease and the caution with which results must be interpreted. PMID- 3171003 TI - Prospective immunologic and clinical study of a population exposed to hexamethylene diisocyanate. AB - We have prospectively evaluated 150 workers exposed to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and its trimer (THDI) during an 18-month period. The evaluation consisted of periodic serum antibody studies and a questionnaire that was designed to attempt to identify symptoms compatible with work-related syndromes of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, asthma, or irritant reactions. The study population was divided into seven groups on the basis of job classification. The groups differed in exposure levels but were similar in terms of age, sex, smoking history, and duration of work with isocyanates. IgE and IgG against HDI and THDI conjugated to human serum albumin (HSA) (HDI-HSA and THDI-HSA) were determined by ELISA. There were no instances of immunologically induced disease among the 21% of workers in this sample with antibody; however, there is insufficient evidence at this time to make judgments about the relationship between antibody and clinical disease. The antibody was generally low-level IgG that may be a sensitive indicator to detect exposure to certain reactive chemicals. The level of antibody was not different among job classes or between smokers and nonsmokers. Moreover, there was no correlation between antibody level and exposure duration in these workers whose exposure levels are all well below National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommendations. Further evaluation will extend these observations. PMID- 3171004 TI - Passive exposure to cigarette smoke does not increase allergic sensitization in children. AB - The purpose of this study was to learn whether children passively exposed to parental cigarette smoke would be more frequently sensitized to common allergens or would have higher concentrations of allergen-specific IgE. To evaluate this question, we studied two groups of children aged 2 to 17 years. The first group consisted of 100 children selected from a general pediatric group practice. These children were being observed for well-child care, and the only selection criteria were the need for a venous blood sample for a reason unrelated to the study. The second group of 91 patients were consecutively referred, from the same pediatric group, for allergy evaluation because of respiratory tract symptoms. Parental smoking histories were obtained, and total serum IgE, IgD, and IgE specific for cat, dog, mite, ragweed, grass, and cockroach were measured by ELISA. Children of smoking mothers had significantly greater IgD concentrations (p = 0.03) and were more likely to be referred for allergy evaluation (p = 0.0001), but these children did not have increased concentrations of total or allergen-specific IgE. Exposed children were not more likely to be serologically sensitive to any of the allergens tested. We conclude that children passively exposed to cigarette smoke do not produce more IgE to common allergens nor are they more likely to produce IgE to any particular allergen. PMID- 3171005 TI - Evaluation of a radioimmunoassay for histamine measurement in biologic fluids. AB - A new radioimmunoassay for the measurement of histamine in biologic fluids was evaluated. Assay selectivity and specificity were achieved by "succinyl glycinamide derivatization" of histamine in samples to mimic the immunogen used to generate the monoclonal antibody. The assay exhibits a linear response from 0.1 to 5.0 ng/ml of histamine and the monoclonal antibody used has partial recognition of only N-methylhistamine (other than histamine). With minimal modifications, the assay can accurately measure histamine in plasma, urine, and buffer. Normal ranges for human subjects were established: plasma levels are 0.193 +/- 0.08 ng/ml (n = 40) and urine levels are 20.9 +/- 11.2 micrograms histamine/gm creatinine (n = 10). PMID- 3171006 TI - Recommendations for the use of residential air-cleaning devices in the treatment of allergic respiratory diseases. AB - In an attempt to recommend standards for room air-cleaning devices, a committee reviewed (1) the types and performance characteristics of available domestic air cleaning devices, (2) the available data on concentrations of allergens in the indoor air, and (3) the studies that have examined the health effects of the use of indoor air-cleaning devices. Absense of adequate data on the clinical relevance of indoor ambient allergen levels, as well as the effect of air cleaning devices on these levels, plus a general lack of health effects by these devices in published double-blind studies precluded any firm recommendations for their use. It was clear, however, that use of room air-cleaning devices in the absence of other forms of environmental control was not reasonable. PMID- 3171007 TI - Isolated late cutaneous skin test response to ampicillin: a distinct entity. AB - A case presentation describes a young woman with a history of two reactions to ampicillin therapy and a reproducible skin test reaction of intermediate timing that disappeared within 48 hours. The skin test response was to ampicillin only and not to other penicillin-related skin test reagents. Tests for serum IgE and IgG antibody to ampicillin were negative. The histology was that of a mononuclear and neutrophilic cellular infiltrate with neutrophil margination in the vessels. There was no immunoglobulin, complement, or fibrin deposition. The skin test reaction began and ended earlier than would be expected for a classic delayed hypersensitivity reaction. It is considered to be an isolated late cutaneous response but cannot yet be designated a late cutaneous allergic response. Reactants characteristic of an Arthus reaction were not present, and no alternative immunologic basis was confirmed. PMID- 3171008 TI - Longitudinal study of specific IgE and IgG antibodies in a patient sensitized to ethylene oxide through dialysis. AB - IgE and IgG antibodies to ethylene oxide (EO) were monitored by RAST and by ELISA in serum from a patient with hypersensitivity reactions during hemodialysis. Serum samples from the patient covering a 7-year period were analyzed. The changes in titers of IgE and IgG antibodies correlated to the time of EO exposure as well as to clinical symptoms. EO-specific IgG antibodies were, however, also found in sera from hemodialysis patients without any hypersensitivity symptoms. Assay of specific IgG antibodies will only indicate whether a patient has been exposed to, and immunostimulated by, EO, whereas specific IgE antibodies appear to be clearly related to hypersensitivity symptoms. The hapten and carrier specificity of EO-induced IgE antibodies was studied. The antibodies were found to be solely hapten specific because carriers of different types could be used in RAST without changing the outcome of the test. The existence of new antigenic determinants related to the carrier could not be demonstrated. PMID- 3171010 TI - Minimal complications in a surgical population with severe asthma receiving prophylactic corticosteroids. AB - Sixty-eight patients with asthma followed by the Northwestern Allergy Service underwent a total of 92 surgical procedures from July 1973 to December 1986. In 41 of 92 procedures outpatient prednisone was administered, and in 92 procedures a pretreatment regimen of 100 mg hydrocortisone parenterally every 8 hours beginning the night before surgery was administered. Postoperatively, the overall incidence of pulmonary complications (either pulmonary infection or asthma) was 9.7%. Three patients developed pneumonia, demonstrated by an infiltrate on chest x-ray examination, and two patients developed wheezing requiring epinephrine, giving a complication rate of 5.4%. In addition, four patients developed mild wheezing postoperatively. Statistical analyses to compare the overall infection rate in this asthmatic population with that in two other surgical populations showed no statistical differences. There were no deaths and no patient developed any wound complication or adrenocortical insufficiency. These results indicate that patients with asthma in optimal respiratory condition who have received preoperative clinical evaluation and a hydrocortisone pretreatment regimen can undergo surgery with minimal complications. PMID- 3171009 TI - The safety of inhaled beta-agonist bronchodilators during pregnancy. AB - To assess the safety of inhaled beta-agonist bronchodilators during pregnancy, perinatal outcomes in 259 prospectively managed women with asthma using these medications during pregnancy were compared to perinatal outcomes in 101 concurrently followed pregnant subjects with asthma not using inhaled bronchodilators and to perinatal outcomes in 295 concurrently followed pregnant control subjects without asthma. No significant differences between women with asthma using inhaled bronchodilators and subjects not receiving inhaled bronchodilators were found in the following parameters: perinatal mortality, congenital malformations, preterm births, low birth weight infants, mean birth weight, small for gestational age or low ponderal index infants, Apgar scores, labor/delivery complications, or postpartum bleeding. Increased incidences of maternal chronic and pregnancy-induced hypertension and transient tachypnea of the neonate were observed in the pregnancies of subjects with asthma using regular inhaled bronchodilators compared to control subjects, but a logistic regression analysis within the sample of subjects with asthma did not significantly associate the use of inhaled bronchodilators with these outcomes. In the light of the known substantial perinatal risks of severe, uncontrolled asthma and the relatively sparse evidence of human gestational safety for alternative asthma medications, these data support the use of inhaled beta agonist bronchodilators as part of the management of asthma during pregnancy. PMID- 3171011 TI - The determination of the eosinophil count: comparison of two techniques. PMID- 3171012 TI - Pavlovian conditioning might account for some patients' polysystem reactions to foods and environmental chemicals. PMID- 3171013 TI - Associations between diet and health: the use of food consumption measurements, nutrient databases, and dietary guidelines. PMID- 3171014 TI - Continuing education: keeping pace with the changing scene. Council on Practice Continuing Education Committee. PMID- 3171015 TI - Blood phenylalanine levels and intelligence of 10-year-old children with PKU in the National Collaborative Study. AB - Dietary intakes and blood phenylalanine levels of 125 10-year-old children with PKU are reported. Of those patients, 59 discontinued the special diet at 6 years, 16 discontinued at 8 years, 5 discontinued at 6 years but returned to the diet at 8 1/2 years, and 45 continued the diet to 10 years. Phenylalanine intake was determined by 2-day diet records. Blood phenylalanine concentrations revealed a lack of clear distinction between the diet groups; therefore, regression analysis was performed on the group as a whole. The analyses revealed significant relationships between blood phenylalanine levels from ages 6 to 10 years and each of the cognitive outcome variables, after the influences of parental IQ and the age at which treatment was initiated were controlled for. Intelligence test scores were also related to phenylalanine levels between ages 3 1/2 and 5 1/2 years. The findings suggest that dietary restriction of phenylalanine should continue in patients with PKU through at least 10 years of age. PMID- 3171016 TI - The contribution of enrichment and fortification to nutrient intake of women. AB - A volunteer group of 162 women aged 25 to 49 years was recruited from three suburban supermarkets in central New York state. The women completed 3-day food records, which were analyzed for total nutrient intake and contribution of eight nutrients from three sources: (a) nutrients naturally present in food, (b) enriched/fortified foods with a standard of identity (FF + SI), and (c) fortified foods without standards of identity (FF-SI). Subjects were placed into study groups of high-, moderate-, and low-fortifiers on the basis of frequency of intake of highly fortified foods (FF-SI) which, unlike FF + SI, are not staple foods and may represent selective dietary nutrient addition by the consumer. For all groups, mean intakes of riboflavin, niacin, and vitamins A and C were greater than 100% of the RDAs without nutrient addition. Mean thiamin intake met the RDA only when the nutrient addition from FF + SI was included. Mean intakes of iron, calcium, and vitamin D were all below the RDA even when all sources of intake were included. No significant differences between study groups were found for total nutrient intake. With the exceptions of vitamin C, vitamin D, and calcium, high- and moderate-fortifiers had significantly greater (p less than .01) nutrient intake from fortification. Low-fortifiers had significantly greater (p less than .05) intake from naturally occurring vitamins A and C than high fortifiers. PMID- 3171017 TI - Status of menu item forecasting in dietetic education. AB - The status of forecasting techniques included in educational programs and the need for instructional material on this topic were investigated. A survey instrument was developed to determine which forecasting techniques were included in instructional programs. The validated questionnaire was mailed to directors of coordinated undergraduate programs or to Plan IV representatives at all universities with programs approved or accredited by the ADA. The response rate was 59%, or 156 dietetic programs. Analysis of the survey data revealed that mathematical techniques (Box-Jenkins, regression, exponential smoothing, moving average) were not taught in the majority of educational programs. Educators responded that forecasting was an important concept and that continuing education concerning forecasting techniques that may be employed in foodservice management was needed. As a result of the analysis of the data, two self-instructional modules that could be utilized by both practitioners and educators to enhance the level of practice and education were developed. Graduate and undergraduate students at 11 universities and 35 randomly selected practitioners tested the self-instructional modules. For all groups--undergraduate, graduate, and practitioners--the t-statistic was significant at the p less than .0000 level; thus the modules were effective in teaching foodservice forecasting concepts. PMID- 3171018 TI - Guidelines for use of dietary intake data. AB - This article presents the guidelines from the report of the ad hoc Expert Panel on Guidelines for Use of Dietary Intake Data. The report was prepared under terms of a contract with the Life Sciences Research Office of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology to provide the Food and Drug Administration with a working reference for evaluating dietary intake data. The guidelines represent the Expert Panel's conclusions on appropriate ways to interpret dietary data relating to (a) prevalence of consumption of particular levels of foods or food components, (b) comparisons of intake of different groups within the U.S. population, (c) time trends in consumption of foods or food components, and (d) relationships of intake of a food or food component to a given health outcome. The guidelines address general issues concerning dietary data collection and statistical concerns as well as specific issues important in interpretation of dietary data. PMID- 3171019 TI - Comparison of a computerized and a manual method of food coding for nutrient intake studies. AB - The Dietary Data Collection (DDC) microcomputer system is currently being developed as a tool for the standardized and detailed collection of dietary intake data for human nutrition research studies. The system operates interactively, soliciting all necessary information on menu selection screens to ensure user entry of complete food descriptions and quantity information. The descriptive data are then automatically converted to food codes and gram weights for subsequent calculation of nutrient content. At the completion of the first phase of system development, a preliminary test was performed to compare the amount of time required to enter food intake data into the DDC system with the amount of time required to accomplish the same food coding task manually. Test subjects consisted of four experienced food coders and one coder trainee. Using a crossover design, each coder manually coded 16 1-day food records and entered another 16 records into the DDC system for automatic coding. Four of the five coders took significantly less time to code and enter descriptive dietary intake information using the DDC system than they took for manual coding and data entry. Time savings ranged between 9% and 44% among the test subjects. PMID- 3171020 TI - Sources of data for developing and maintaining a nutrient database. AB - A nutrient database that contains current, reliable data is a prerequisite for accurate calculation of dietary intakes. Most nutrient databases are expanded from data supplied by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and may include additional foods or nutrients or data from more recent analyses, food manufacturers, or foreign food tables. Guidelines must be established for selection of reliable values from appropriate sources. A system for precise documentation of data sources provides a means for determining whether individual nutrient values were derived from chemical analyses, recipe calculations, or imputations. This article identifies data sources used by the Nutrition Coordinating Center at the University of Minnesota for its nutrient database and describes the procedures used to select and document nutrient values. PMID- 3171022 TI - Client profile assessment of a private nutrition practice. PMID- 3171021 TI - Legal requirement of private practice medical records. AB - The hospital medical record is a critical communication vehicle for the numerous health professionals who provide care to each patient. It is also an essential evidentiary tool in malpractice suits. Even though the medical record is not the sole information upon which the courts will rely in determining negligence liability, it can serve as an important chronology of care. Dietitians entering private practice, whether with a physician or not, should establish a system of record keeping. Although specific standards have not been set for private patient records, it is argued that records kept must meet many of the requisite guidelines for medical records in institutional settings. Additionally, the records must provide documentation that may be absent and difficult to obtain in the private setting. Discussed are legal issues surrounding patient records of the dietitian in private practice. PMID- 3171023 TI - Who does the public think should perform health care tasks? AB - The dietitian was identified as the most appropriate provider of such key nutrition services as nutrition assessment, determination of caloric requirements, provision of diet counseling, and prescription of diets. Several tasks fundamental to nutrition services were not viewed as highly suitable tasks for the dietitian, e.g., plan for care at home, monitor client progress, and check laboratory values. Activities that constitute key nutrition services need to be accentuated to clarify the numerous skills and extensive knowledge that dietitians possess. In the health care system of today, the dietetic profession must be associated with a wider range of health-related tasks than the traditional triad of diet, food, and hospital. Public relations and marketing strategies should focus on activities that provide the public with a clearer understanding of how the dietetic profession contributes to patient/client care. PMID- 3171024 TI - Does it pay to change answers on objective tests? AB - Changing answers on objective tests in a university food and nutrition course was investigated. Responses to 4% of the questions were changed, with a 3:1 ratio of wrong-to-right to right-to-wrong changes. Most students changed at least one answer on each test. More students gained than lost points by changing answers, with a 3:1 ratio of those gaining to those losing. Sex and changing answers usually were not related. Students with the highest grades made the fewest changes. Teachers should advise students to change answers on objective tests in food and nutrition if, after reconsideration, another answer seems better. PMID- 3171025 TI - Professional ethics--everyone's issue. PMID- 3171026 TI - Lung, breast, and colorectal cancer: the relationship between extent of disease and age at diagnosis. AB - We examined the relationship between age and extent of disease at initial diagnosis as part of a population-based, prospective study documenting the patterns of care received by over 1500 newly diagnosed lung, breast, and colorectal cancer patients identified in nine Rhode Island hospitals. For each cancer site examined, no age by extent of disease relationship was observed; however, analysis by sex among lung cancer patients indicated an inverse age relationship for men. The absence of an age effect for breast cancer patients is in contrast to earlier research findings that identify a positive association between extent of disease and age at diagnosis. Past results may reflect age related differences in patient and physician screening behavior characteristic of earlier time periods. PMID- 3171027 TI - Depression in family members caring for a relative with Alzheimer's disease. AB - The reformulated learned helplessness model of depression was tested in a study of families caring for relatives with Alzheimer's disease who did not participate in family support groups or have access to respite care. Family members who identified themselves as major caregivers, ie, those providing daily assistance to the patient, received a clinical psychiatric interview, the Beck Self-Report Depression Scale, and a modified Hammen and deMayo Attributional Style Questionnaire. The results showed that 55% of major caregivers, primarily spouses, living with an older relative with dementia experienced clinical depression. Depressed caregivers were more likely to perceive a lack of control over their situation than those who were not depressed. Contrary to the reformulated learned helplessness hypothesis, they did not perceive their situation to be the result of internal, stable, and global attributions. The results suggest the need to study depression in ecologically stressful natural settings and to develop effective clinical intervention strategies. PMID- 3171028 TI - Severe illness in older patients: the association between depressive disorders and functional dependency during the recovery phase. AB - An association between depression and physical dependency arising from a recent illness has been generally accepted. To clarify this relationship over time, 30 medical rehabilitation patients aged 54 to 94 years were assessed 1 week after admission and at discharge to quantify symptoms of depression, physical dependency, and cognitive functioning using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM D), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the Barthel Index for physical function, and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Significant depressive symptomatology was found by HAM-D in 25 patients on admission and 14 on discharge. No significant associations were present between either admission or discharge depression scores and all other variables. The HAM-D change score was significantly correlated with the Barthel change score (r = 0.57, P less than 0.001) and with the MMSE change score (r = 0.48, P = 0.01). All patients whose mood improved also improved in physical functioning, whereas 75% of those whose mood did not improve failed to make headway in physical functioning. This implies that it is not the degree of physical incapacity but rather the failure to regain prior abilities which is strongly associated with persisting depression following a catastrophic illness. Furthermore, characteristics found commonly in the group whose mood did not improve included physicians' failure to diagnose and treat depression or a setback from a significant medical or surgical complication. PMID- 3171030 TI - The severely demented, minimally functional patient: an ethical analysis. PMID- 3171029 TI - Increased utilization of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in an elderly hospitalized population. AB - This study compared three interventions designed to increase acceptance of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines among elderly hospitalized patients. All individuals 65 and older able to give informed consent (73 patients) who were admitted to one medical floor of an acute care hospital were randomized to one of three groups. All groups received informational pamphlets explaining influenza and pneumococcal disease, their respective vaccines, and indications for their use. The first group received pamphlets only, the second received nursing follow up, and the third received trained volunteer follow-up. Patients on another medical floor served as controls. The results showed a significant improvement in vaccine acceptance in all three study groups compared to controls for both influenza (78% vs 0%) and pneumococcal (75% vs 0%) vaccines. The differences among the three groups were not significant. No significant differences were found among patients accepting or refusing vaccination with regard to diagnosis, age, length of stay, sex, or having a private physician. We conclude that a simple educational program followed by offering vaccination before hospital discharge can be easily implemented, and dramatically increase immunization rates in this high risk group. PMID- 3171031 TI - Conflicts of interest in medical decision-making. PMID- 3171032 TI - Patient interests: clinical implications of philosophical distinctions. PMID- 3171033 TI - Geriatric ethics. PMID- 3171034 TI - The psychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3171035 TI - Hospital length of stay of frail elderly patients. PMID- 3171036 TI - Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee, Centers for Disease Control. Prevention and control of influenza. AB - These recommendations update information on the vaccine and antiviral agent available for controlling influenza during the 1988-89 influenza season (superseding MMWR 1987;36:373-380,385-387). Changes include statements about 1) updating of the influenza strains in the trivalent vaccine for 1988-89, 2) increased emphasis on the need for vaccination of health-care workers, 3) prevention of influenza in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and 4) dosage considerations for amantadine. PMID- 3171037 TI - Do drugs affect the risk of hip fracture in elderly women? AB - The drugs prescribed for 280 women with hip fractures (mean age 83 years) were compared with those prescribed for 145 women controls (mean age 81 years) as recorded in a family practice age-sex register. Thirty-three percent of the fracture patients were taking diuretics compared with 24% of the controls (.10 greater than P greater than .05). Forty-six percent of these diuretics taken by the fracture group (compared with 40% taken by the controls) were either loop or potassium sparing diuretics in combination with another diuretic. Twenty-five percent of the controls (compared with 9% of the fracture patients) were taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (P less than .001). The greater use of NSAIDs by control subjects may be due to the small overlap between osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. No significant differences were found for digoxin, anti-hypertensive drugs, and those taking no drugs. Thirty percent of fracture patients were taking sedatives and hypnotics compared with 28% of controls. Within this category, 54% of the fracture patients and 80% controls were receiving drugs (mainly benzodiazepines) with half-lives longer than 24 hours. Thus, this population did not confirm a previously identified association between long-acting sedatives and the risk of fracture. As only 3.5% of fracture patients and 2.1% controls were receiving phenothiazines, a role for these drugs in hip fracture cannot be ruled out. In summary, hip fracture patients were slightly more likely to be taking diuretics and somewhat less likely to be taking NSAIDs than controls but there were no differences with respect to other drugs. PMID- 3171038 TI - Treatment of Paget's disease of bone with salmon calcitonin nasal spray. AB - Subcutaneous daily or bidaily administration of synthetic salmon calcitonin is an effective form of therapy for Paget's disease, but the requirement for parenteral injection deters geriatric patients from using the drug. This study compares a new intranasal preparation of salmon calcitonin to subcutaneous drug in 18 patients with Paget's disease using two different protocols. In the first protocol, 15 patients not previously treated with salmon calcitonin were given the agent for 3 months by either the intranasal or subcutaneous route. Seven patients treated with intranasal calcitonin had a mean fall in the serum alkaline phosphatase of 33% over a 3-month period compared to a fall of 40% in the subcutaneously treated group; the difference between the two treatment groups was not statistically significant. In the second protocol, three patients previously stabilized on subcutaneous calcitonin were switched to the nasal spray with no subsequent change in alkaline phosphatase values during 6 months of treatment. These results demonstrate that intranasal salmon calcitonin is effective in lowering the serum alkaline phosphatase in Paget's disease. Ease of administration and patient acceptance make intranasal calcitonin a reasonable alternative for geriatric patients. PMID- 3171039 TI - Effects of treatment for isolated systolic hypertension on cognitive status and depression in the elderly. AB - The Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) was designed as a feasibility study and in part dealt with the effects of the treatment of isolated systolic hypertension on cognitive status and depression. Subjects were 60 years of age or older with a systolic blood pressure of 160 mmHg or greater and diastolic of less than 90 mmHg; free of several specified illnesses or chronic conditions. These volunteers were randomly assigned to treatment (n = 443) and placebo (n = 108) groups. The behavioral assessments at baseline and 1 year later were the SHORT-CARE instrument for depression, cognitive impairment, and disability and other tests of cognitive status (Digit Symbol Substitution and the Trail Making tests). Although the treatment regime was highly successful in controlling the hypertension, it did not have a significant impact on changes in cognitive function or level of depression; a behavioral benefit was not evident but the results are consistent with the view that an effective treatment regime for isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly can be behaviorally safe. PMID- 3171040 TI - Fall injuries among the elderly. Community-based surveillance. AB - Falls are a leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries among the elderly in the United States. Despite the importance of fall injuries, epidemiological studies of falls among the elderly have identified neither their causes nor the methods to prevent them. Therefore, we established a community-based surveillance system in Miami Beach, Florida, as part of a study to assess falls among the elderly. A total of 1,827 fall injury events occurred in this community between July 1985 and June 1986. More than 85% (1,567) of the persons who fell and received care were seen in an emergency room. The remaining cases were identified from one of the three other sources used: fire rescue reports, inpatient medical records, or medical examiner reports. Most falls (97%) were coded as accidental (E880-E888). More than 100 people sought medical assistance for a fall each month. The time of the injury was known for 68% (1,244) of the people who fell. Seventy-four percent of these falls (921) occurred during daylight hours. Fifty-four percent of the falls (986) occurred in and around the home, and 38% of these had a particular area of the home recorded: 42% occurred in the bedroom, 34% in the bathroom, 9% in the kitchen, 5% on the stairs, 4% in the living room, and the remaining 6% in other areas. This surveillance system will help us use the study to clarify the causes of falls in the elderly and identify and evaluate appropriate prevention efforts. It will also help others in designing and implementing other injury surveillance systems. PMID- 3171041 TI - Acute renal failure in the elderly treated by one-time peritoneal dialysis. AB - To determine the factors affecting outcome of acute renal failure (ARF) in the elderly, we retrospectively studied 44 patients over the age of 65 who had undergone acute peritoneal dialysis. Thirteen patients (29%) survived 2 months or longer after dialysis treatment ("survivors"). Thirty-one patients (71%) died within this period ("nonsurvivors"). The main factor distinguishing survivors was the frequency of sepsis (none of 13 survivors vs 17 of 31 nonsurvivors). Preexisting malignancy and total number of acute insults to renal function were significantly less frequent, and immediate clinical and biochemical outcome of dialysis significantly better in survivors. The overall complication rate of dialysis was high (31 of 44 patients), but was significantly lower in survivors. Acute peritoneal dialysis is a useful procedure in the management of ARF in the elderly. However, we suggest that elderly patients in whom sepsis is a contributory factor to the development of ARF do not benefit from peritoneal dialysis therapy. PMID- 3171043 TI - Assessment of treatment decision-making capacity in a medically ill patient. PMID- 3171042 TI - Hematemesis following discontinuation of psychoactive drugs in geriatric patients. PMID- 3171044 TI - Anti-sense of prediction equations. PMID- 3171045 TI - Hodkinson scale and predicting performance. PMID- 3171046 TI - Predicting performance on the MMSE. PMID- 3171047 TI - Predicting performance on the MMSE? PMID- 3171049 TI - Mathematics and the mean LOS. PMID- 3171048 TI - Data on DAT. PMID- 3171051 TI - Fibromyalgia syndrome among the elderly. Comparison with younger patients. AB - Thirty-one elderly fibromyalgia (EFM) patients (60 years of age and older) were studied by protocol and compared with 63 younger fibromyalgia (YFM) patients with this syndrome. Common and characteristic features of fibromyalgia among the elderly included diffuse musculoskeletal aching and stiffness at multiple sites; modulation of aches and pains by physical fatigue, poor sleep and weather factors; associated symptoms of general fatigue, poor sleep, anxiety/tension and subjective soft tissue swelling; and multiple tender points on physical examination. These features were similar to those among the younger patients, with the exception of chronic functional headaches, self-assessed anxiety/tension, and symptom aggravation by weather factors, mental stress, and by poor sleep, all of which were significantly less common among the elderly (P less than .05). Importantly, fibromyalgia was recognized by referring physicians in only 17% of the elderly patients with this condition. Misdiagnoses and inappropriate treatment were common among these patients, with corticosteroid therapy in 40% before their rheumatology consultation. PMID- 3171050 TI - Hearing impairment as a predictor of cognitive decline in dementia. AB - Thirty-eight patients with dementia of various etiologies were studied longitudinally to determine the change in cognition over time in subjects with and without hearing impairment. Hearing impaired subjects were older (P less than .0001), but subject groups were otherwise comparable with respect to living arrangements, medical illness, number of drugs taken, mood, years of education, and cognitive functioning at the beginning of the study period. Decline in cognitive functioning at follow-up was greater in hearing impaired subjects and this difference persisted after adjustment for the greater age of hearing impaired subjects (P less than .009). Further division of subject by diagnosis showed that only in the Alzheimer's group did hearing impairment predict more rapid cognitive decline at follow-up. PMID- 3171052 TI - Clinical determinants of biomechanics platform measures of balance in aged women. AB - The cross-sectional associations between clinical variables and biomechanics platform measures of balance (sway) were determined in a random sample of 50 aged single women living in high rise apartment buildings. A history of falling in the previous year was associated with increased areas of sway. Increased body mass was associated with decreased velocity of sway. Poor near, but not far, visual acuity was associated with increased areas of sway. A postural drop of 10 mmHg or more in diastolic pressure was associated with increased velocity of sway. The associations between these variables and the balance measures persisted after adjustment for age and each other to adjust for potential confounding. Slower hand reaction times and poor hearing were associated with increased areas of sway, but these associations were removed after adjustment for age and near visual acuity. There were no associations between any of the balance measures and postural changes in systolic pressure and heart rate. There were no associations between balance measures and base of support. The observed associations, if causal, can aid in development and testing of effective interventions to improve balance and prevent falls in the elderly. PMID- 3171053 TI - Preventing AIDS. PMID- 3171054 TI - Longer leaves needed. PMID- 3171055 TI - Baby M: surrogacy and the law. PMID- 3171056 TI - Factors influencing career development: do men and women differ? PMID- 3171057 TI - Optometry in the multidisciplinary setting. PMID- 3171058 TI - Optometry in hospitals. PMID- 3171059 TI - A perspective on hospital affiliation by optometrists. PMID- 3171060 TI - Certification of optometric specialties. PMID- 3171061 TI - Historical perspective of optometrists' and other health professionals' involvement in hospitals. AB - For a number of years, optometrists have had informal working and referral relationships with many hospitals. Many hospitals were requesting diagnostic and treatment services from community optometrists while many optometrists were also requesting official recognition. With changes in the medical staff standard of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH)a that allowed independently licensed practitioners to be on staff, a number of optometrists have been requesting clinical privileges and to be on the Medical Staff. Practicing in a hospital can augment one's practice and can allow the optometrist greater opportunities to interact with other professionals and utilize the hospital's diagnostic facilities. PMID- 3171062 TI - Hospitals and optometry: an evolving relationship. AB - Most hospital-based optometrists practice at government hospitals or HMOs that provide comprehensive care. But most U.S. hospitals are private, provide episodic acute care, and limit admitting, staff and clinical privileges to physicians. Most patients that private optometrists treat do not require hospital admission, but many do require laboratory tests or procedures (ultrasonography, radiographic studies, CAT and NMR studies, clinical laboratory blood/serology studies and glucose tolerance tests) that can be provided by hospitals. Hospital admitting, staff, or clinical privileges are not needed for optometrists to order these studies for their patients on an outpatient basis. This type of hospital affiliation may initially be more useful to more optometrists than staff membership, admitting, or clinical privileges and would improve patient care and quality of referrals. This paper reviews hospital organization, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) Standards and how they apply to optometrists wishing to affiliate with private hospitals. PMID- 3171063 TI - Why should optometry become involved in the hospital setting? AB - Our nation's hospitals are no longer the private domain of the medical physician. Other "independent" health care providers are justified in applying for clinical privileges. The expanding scope of practice has served to make optometrists more aware of their rights to practice in the hospital environment. Recent changes in the guidelines of the Joint Commission for Accreditation in Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) has further reinforced the concept that no independent health care providers should be denied clinical privileges based solely on the fact that an applicant is not an "MD." PMID- 3171064 TI - Accommodative rock via computer. AB - A technique is presented for using a computer for the measurement as well as the training of accommodative facility. The testing and training are accomplished optically without any mechanically moving parts. PMID- 3171065 TI - Visual dysfunction in closed head injury. AB - Damage to the visual system often occurs after head injury. Clinical manifestations of visual system dysfunction may be monocular or binocular, and may include reduced visual acuity, visual field loss, and in some cases complete blindness. This paper reviews and updates nine cases of visual dysfunction secondary to closed head trauma. Pathophysiology, prognosis and optometric co management with neurology and neuro-ophthalmology are highlighted. Optometric roles in visual rehabilitation and the prevention of head injury are addressed. PMID- 3171066 TI - CPF-550 vs. C-Lite: a comparison study. AB - We conducted a two-part study to evaluate patient satisfaction with the Corning CPF-550 lenses and to determine whether or not the success of these lenses can be attributed to their selective attenuation of the short wave-lengths of light. In the first part of our investigation we asked nine low vision patients who were currently wearing CPF-550 lenses to evaluate the performance of the tint. Their responses were generally very favorable. In the second part of the study, seven of those patients were given identical prescriptions made of C-Lite material with a solid gray tint on the back surface and a photo-gray extra front surface. They were asked to compare the two filters. To our surprise, six of the seven preferred the more neutral density C-Lite lenses over the CPF-550 filter. Although we have been encouraged by the results of the first part of the study to continue prescribing the CPF-550 lenses, the second part of the study has caused us to question the theory behind the success of these lenses and has alerted us to the fact that some individuals may be even more satisfied with a neutral gray photochromic tint. PMID- 3171067 TI - Pigmentary dispersion syndrome and suspected low tension pigmentary glaucoma. AB - Recent evidence suggests that pigmentary dispersion syndrome is a result of the mechanical abrasion of the posterior iris surface and the anterior zonular fibers causing pigmentary release onto the ocular structures. Irreversible glaucomatous changes may be the result of the inability of the endothelial cells lining the trabecular beams to continue to phagocytize the release pigment. Glaucomatous field changes may occur despite low intraocular pressures and no clinically observable cupping. Visual field testing is indicated in any patient presenting with pigmentary dispersion syndrome since pressure spikes inducing nerve damage occur with stress, exercise, or prolonged mydriasis. Treatment may include miotics to prevent further abrasion rather than typical pressure-lowering medication. PMID- 3171068 TI - Changes in contrast sensitivity induced by spherical hydrogel lenses on low astigmats. AB - Contrast sensitivity values were taken on seven astigmatic (cylinder correction under 1.00 diopter) and eight spherical myopes using the Vistech VCTS 6500 System. For the astigmatic group, no significant difference in contrast sensitivity was found between the full subjective correction and an equivalent spherical spectacle prescription, despite the absence of cylinder correction. However, comparing the full subjective correction with an equivalent spherical hydrogel lens, we found a significant decrease in contrast sensitivity while wearing lenses for all but the highest spatial frequency tested. Using a group of spherical myopes, we were unable to demonstrate a decrease in contrast sensitivity as a product of hydrogel lens wear alone. Our findings suggest that there is a measurable decrease in contrast sensitivity as a result of fitting low astigmats with spherical hydrogel lenses which cannot be attributed solely to hydrogel lens wear or the absence of cylinder correction. PMID- 3171069 TI - Kernberg and Kohut: a test of competing psychoanalytic models of narcissism. AB - Over the past ten years the problem of validating psychoanalytic theory has received increasing attention from psychoanalysts and nonpsychoanalysts alike. Yet, very little research responsive to this question of validation has been produced. During this same period one of the most fertile controversies in contemporary psychoanalysis reached its peak--the Kernberg-Kohut debate concerning the nature of narcissism. However, for the lack of a validation strategy, this debate has become increasingly sterile, degenerating to a theoretical stalemate at this point. This paper addresses the problem of validation by using causal modeling as a mechanism for empirically testing many of the claims of these competing models of narcissism. Although the data provide empirical support for both theories, strategic comparisons tentatively suggest that Kohut's self psychology is more parsimoniously explained as a special case of Kernberg's ego psychology-object relations theory. PMID- 3171070 TI - The adaptive significance of destructiveness in primitive personalities. AB - Destructiveness in primitive personalities is not restricted to a segment of the person as it is in the case of neurotics, but is global and pervasive. This destructiveness is meaningfully configured in a manner which cannot fully be accounted for by constitutional factors or be comprehended from the individual, intrapsychic, conflictual viewpoint of classical psychoanalysis. It follows an interpersonally meaningful pattern and therefore has adaptive significance in the contemporary life of the individual. The adaptive model I propose does not violate essential canons of psychoanalytic theory, for it can simultaneously be conceptualized in terms of intrapsychic structure and dynamics. This model holds out the possibility for a therapeutic approach to primitive personality organization which differs in some but by no means all respects from classical analysis. PMID- 3171071 TI - Patient's sleep on the analytic couch. AB - Published reports about sleep on the couch have primarily emphasized its preoedipal (especially oral) determinants and defensive purposes. A detailed case is presented in which sleep became the central symptom of the transference neurosis. The primary determinants of the symptom were from the phallic-oedipal stage of development. Like other symptoms, the sleep symptom was a reliving of earlier experiences and was analyzed primarily through the transference. The analytic data from the case are used to illustrate resistance as an ally in the psychoanalytic process. PMID- 3171072 TI - The effect of therapist interventions on the therapeutic alliance with borderline patients. AB - The authors draw attention to the problems of establishing and maintaining a therapeutic alliance in the psychotherapy of the borderline patient. They elaborate an extensive methodology designed to study the manner in which shifts in collaboration occur in response to therapist interventions. This report demonstrates how one particular borderline patient increased his ability to collaborate with the therapist in response to a transference focus in the psychotherapy. Methodological problems are noted as are directions for future research. Only a series of patients studied with this or with similar methodology will allow for a sophisticated and empirical rationale for choosing a particular form of psychotherapy for a particular kind of borderline patient. PMID- 3171074 TI - The relationship of models of the mind to clinical work: self psychology. Panel report. PMID- 3171073 TI - Some sources for a slip in a translation by Freud. AB - Among Freud's papers, we find instances in which Freud describes the "psychopathology of everyday life" as he found it in himself and in others. "A Religious Experience" (Freud, 1928) contains examples of both kinds. In addition, this paper contains a slip of which Freud appears to have been unaware. Freud's paper interprets a religious conversion described in a letter written to him in English. In the translation of this letter into German, Freud inserted material that was not present in the original. He mentions another slip he made in speaking about the letter. These slips and some associated details in the paper indicate persisting unconscious conflict. The content of these slips and details points to an association with Freud's childhood anxiety dream reported in The Interpretation of Dreams (Freud, 1900). Freud's associations and discussion of that dream lead to the Philippson Bible of his childhood, which provides additional connections to the paper of 1928. PMID- 3171075 TI - The relationship of models of the mind to clinical work: object relations theory. Panel report. PMID- 3171076 TI - The seduction hypothesis. Panel report. PMID- 3171077 TI - Toxicological basis for regulation of indoor air quality. PMID- 3171078 TI - Nuclear aberrations and micronuclei induction in the digestive tract of mice treated with different iron salts. AB - Toxic effects of ferrous sulfate and of ferric chloride were determined in the gastrointestinal tract by measuring the induction of nuclear aberrations and micronuclei. In fasting animals ferric chloride induced a dose-related increase of nuclear aberrations in the stomach, whereas ferrous sulfate was not active. In normally feeding animals no increase of nuclear aberrations was observed. The effects of the iron compounds on the duodenum were minimal. In fasting animals a dose-related increase of nuclear aberrations was observed at the level of the colon, with no clear difference between ferrous and ferric compounds. A modest increase of nuclear aberrations of the colon was seen in feeding animals only with ferrous sulphate. By intrarectal administration, nuclear aberrations were induced especially by ferric chloride. An increase of the frequency of micronuclei was not observed at the level of the stomach, duodenum and colon, with the exception of ferric chloride, that induces a significant, although small increase of colon micronuclei when administered intra-rectally. The data demonstrate that iron compounds have an intrinsic cellular toxicity when not administered with food, but do not seem to carry any genotoxic potential for the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3171079 TI - An illustration of dangers of ignoring survival differences in carcinogenic data. AB - This paper illustrates the effects of survival differences on the routine analysis of 2-year animal carcinogenesis experiments using quantal response. Not adjusting for decreased survival in the higher dosed groups results in a decrease in the actual significance level for the quantal response trend test, and a corresponding decrease in sensitivity for detecting a true treatment effect. Similar results hold for estimation of carcinogenic risk. Tables of the range of survival differences found in recent National Toxicology Program carcinogenesis studies are presented. PMID- 3171080 TI - Toxicity of gallium oxide particles following a 4-week inhalation exposure. AB - To evaluate the inhalation toxicity of Ga2O3, F344 rats were exposed nose-only to 0.2 micron Ga2O3 particles 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. The exposure concentration was 23 +/- 5 mg/m3 (mean +/- SD) resulting in lung burdens of 0.8 +/- 0.1 mg Ga2O3/lung (mean +/- SE) at the end of 4 weeks of exposure. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of exposed rats showed marked responses. One day after termination of exposure, lactate dehydrogenase was increased 6-fold, and the lysosomal enzyme, beta-glucuronidase, was increased 38-fold in rats exposed to Ga2O3 compared to sham exposed controls. Alkaline phosphatase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, white blood cells, acid proteinase, and protein were increased 3- to 4-fold. Responses remained elevated 6 and 12 months after exposure. Lung clearance of radiolabeled tracer particles was evaluated 4 days and 6 months after the end of 4 weeks of Ga2O3 exposures. Long-term clearance half-times were significantly longer (3-4 fold, P less than 0.01) in rats exposed to Ga2O3 than in the sham-exposed control rats at both 4 days and 6 months, indicating persistent impairment of particle clearance. Histopathological lesions consisted primarily of alveolar proteinosis 1 day after 4 weeks exposure, progressing in severity to large focal lesions of alveolar histiocytosis and septal fibrosis 6 and 12 months after exposure. Inhaled Ga2O3 produced cytotoxic, inflammatory, and fibrogenic responses of comparable or greater magnitude than those seen after similar exposures of rats to inhaled quartz particles in other studies. These data show that inhaled Ga2O3 particles produce considerable toxicity and exposures in the work place should be limited. PMID- 3171081 TI - Developmental and sex differences in cadmium distribution and metallothionein induction and localization. AB - Age- and sex-related differences in hepatic and renal distribution of cadmium (Cd) and the effect of Cd injection (10 mumol/kg) on tissue zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and metallothionein (MT) levels were investigated in 2- to 84-day old rats. Renal Cd accumulation increased with age of the animal. Sex differences in renal Cd accumulation were noted in young animals where the 2- and 8-day old males had significantly greater concentration than the females. There were no clear effects of Cd on renal Zn. Renal Cu levels, however, were elevated in the adults. The adult females contained about twice as much MT as the adult males. Cd treatment had no effect on renal MT levels of 8- to 84-day old animals but depressed the levels in 2-day old. Age-related increase in hepatic Cd accumulation was also found; the pattern was more clear cut in females than in males. In addition, in the females the hepatic Cd concentration was significantly higher than in the males. Cd-injection significantly increased hepatic Zn and MT concentrations only in weaned animals. While there were no sex differences in MT levels in the young animals, the weaned females had significantly more MT than the corresponding males. Immunohistochemical staining for MT showed positive staining in both cytoplasm and nuclei of the parenchymal cells. The number of MT-positive nuclei was dependent on the relative MT concentration of the liver. In spite of the intense nuclear staining in 2-day old controls and 84-day old Cd-injected rats, less than 1% of the hepatic MT was present in the nuclear fraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171082 TI - Instability and apparent lack of metabolism of phomopsin A during incubation with ovine rumen fluid. AB - To investigate the stability and possible metabolism of phomopsin A in rumen fluid, phomopsin A was incubated in ovine rumen fluid - buffer mixtures for 24 h. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of extracted incubation mixtures demonstrated that although phomopsin A was degraded, metabolism by rumen microorganisms appears not to be important during 24 h incubation. PMID- 3171083 TI - Autoradiographic evidence of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the corpora cavernosa penis of the rat. AB - Recent studies have questioned the role of acetylcholine in the physiology of penile erectile tissue. The responsiveness of penile erectile tissue to acetylcholine would depend, in part, on the presence of cholinergic receptors on the smooth muscle. The specific binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) to cholinergic receptors in sections of penile crura of the rat was analyzed by in vitro neurotransmitter autoradiography. Silver grain density measurements indicated that muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding sites are located almost entirely over the corpora cavernosa penis. Virtually no specific [3H]QNB binding was present in the tunica albuginea or adjacent skeletal muscle tissue. Within the erectile tissue, specific binding occurred both over the columns of intrinsic smooth muscle which form the walls of the cavernous spaces and around the more distal branches of the penile arteries. The high concentration of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the corpora cavernosa penis is consistent with the suggestion that acetylcholine has an important, albeit undefined role in the function of penile erectile tissue. PMID- 3171084 TI - Neurobehavioral contributions to cardiac arrhythmias during aversive pavlovian conditioning in the rabbit receiving digitalis. AB - Clinical observations suggest that a prevalent condition for the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias is the synergistic interaction of several risk factors including digitalis glycosides, myocardial ischemia and psychological stress. However, little research has been directed toward controlled, systematic investigations of such synergistic interaction, particularly with respect to psychological stress and digitalis glycosides. The present research was undertaken to develop an animal model with which to study the behavioral and neurobiological contributions to arrhythmias during psychological stress in the presence of digitalis. The model used the rabbit as the experimental animal, a pavlovian aversive conditioning procedure and ouabain, a digitalis glycoside. Rabbits received pavlovian conditioning trials in which a tone as a conditioned stimulus (CS) was paired with an eyelid shock as an unconditioned stimulus (US). Twenty-four hours later, a retention test was given in which either of two doses of ouabain or saline was given, followed by 20 CS presentations alone. The CS presentations were given every 120 s (+/- 10 s). During ouabain infusion, the CS significantly increased the frequency of arrhythmic episodes compared to pre-CS baseline frequencies. These arrhythmic episodes were invariably preceded by CS induced bradycardia. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic involvement were suggested in arrhythmogenesis, since the CS-induced increase in arrhythmic episodes was blocked by pretreatment with either atropine methylnitrate or atenolol. Furthermore, electrical stimulation of the amygdaloid central nucleus, an area implicated in the expression of bradycardia to a pavlovian CS in the rabbit produced arrhythmic episodes in the presence of ouabain. These arrhythmic episodes were similar in topography to CS-induced arrhythmias within any one animal and were decreased by atropine methylnitrate pretreatment. Insights into central and peripheral nervous system mechanisms by which psychological stress is capable of evoking cardiac arrhythmias in the presence of ouabain should ultimately lead to more effective treatment strategies for the prevention of these arrhythmias. PMID- 3171085 TI - Effect of Innovar upon the autonomic control of the heart in intact dog. AB - This experiment compares the regulation of cardiac function in dogs before and after administration of a drug (Innovar-Vet, 0.05 ml/kg) that produces a state of 'neuroleptanalgesia'. All animals (n = 21) were chronically instrumented to measure arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR); left ventricular pressure (LVP, n = 10) and ascending aortic flow (n = 4) were also recorded in some animals. After Innovar, the dogs became somnolent and tolerated minor surgical procedures. The paO2 decreased (95 +/- 11 vs 90 +/- 8 mm Hg, pre- vs post-Innovar, mean +/- S.D.; P less than 0.05) while paCO2 increased (33 +/- 5 vs 36 +/- 5 mm Hg; P less than 0.05) when measured (n = 6) 10 min after drug administration. The changes in HR and BP during a 5-min, left circumflex coronary artery occlusion (n = 15) were virtually identical in the awake and sedated states; likewise, no significant differences were detected in the occlusion induced changes in BP, HR, d(LVP)/dt and stroke volume in the subset of more fully instrumented dogs. However, some significant effects were seen when the Innovar dose was increased to 5 times normal. The effects of bilateral carotid occlusion and dobutamine infusion (8, 16 and 30 mg/kg) were tested in another 7 dogs. Once again, the analysis of variance interaction terms testing the reflex or drug-induced changes in HR, BP and d(LVP)/dt before vs after sedation were not statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171086 TI - Reflex increase in renal nerve activity during acutely altered portal venous pressure. AB - This study was designed to determine the reflex effects of renal nerve activity during acutely altered portal venous pressure in anesthetized dogs. Following inflation of a balloon in the main portal vein of animals with the neuraxis intact, mean blood pressure (MBP) fell significantly from 127 +/- 8 mm Hg to 101 +/- 7 mm Hg, while renal nerve activity (RNA) increased to 189 +/- 11%. This significant increase in RNA during inflation of the balloon was not entirely eliminated by either carotid sinus nerve (CSN) denervation (163 +/- 9% of the control level) or vagotomy (161 +/- 11% of the control level). The reflex increase in RNA observed with the combined denervation of the carotid sinus and vagal nerves (CSN + Va denervation) was 138 +/- 2% of the control level, and this level of RNA increase was significantly smaller compared to those in the other 3 groups (intact, CSN or Va denervated). Even when the portal venous pressure below caudal to the balloon was controlled at a pre-distension level by means of opening an artificial bypass constructed between the mesenteric vein and the femoral vein in the CSN + Va denervated group, the increased RNA response during inflation of the balloon remained. After hepatic denervation in the CSN + Va denervated group with the opening of the bypass, however, inflation of a balloon caused no significant changes in RNA, even when more profound hypotension existed during inflation of the balloon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171087 TI - Impairment of inhibitory cardiopulmonary vagal reflexes in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The activity of cardiopulmonary reflexes elicited by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and phenyldiguanide (PDG) has been examined in anaesthetised 5- and 12-week-old spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Intravenous injections of 5-HT or PDG elicited dose-dependent bradycardic and hypotensive responses. In the 5-week-old SHR rats the bradycardic and hypotensive responses to 5-HT were smaller than those measured in WKY rats. At 12 weeks, the SHR rats were less sensitive to the bradycardic actions of 5-HT, as well as PDG, although the reduction in cardiopulmonary reflex sensitivity was less pronounced than that observed in the 5-week-old SHR rats. These findings suggest that cardiopulmonary reflexes are impaired in the SHR rat although some amelioration of this phenomenon may occur as hypertension develops. PMID- 3171088 TI - Sympathetic nerve fibers in peripheral sensory and motor nerves in the face of the rat. AB - Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been used to investigate whether postganglionic neurons in the superior cervical ganglion send branches into various peripheral nerves in the rat. HRP was applied to the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve, the mental nerve, deep vibrissae nerves and to nerves in the tooth pulp. HRP-labeled neurons were consistently seen in the SCG in all types of experiments, except for the cases where HRP was applied to the tooth pulp. PMID- 3171089 TI - A morphometric study of the carotid sinus nerve in patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic alcoholism. AB - Morphometric studies were performed on the myelinated fibres of the carotid sinus nerve obtained at autopsy from 13 control subjects, 7 patients with diabetes mellitus and 11 with chronic alcoholism. The myelinated fibre-diameter distribution in control nerves was bimodal with peaks at 3-4 micron and at 8-10 micron. The mean myelinated fibre density was 14.8 X 10(3)/mm2 (SD 2.3 X 10(3)/mm2) in control nerves and was significantly reduced in the nerves of diabetics (mean, 11.7 X 10(3)/mm2; SD, 2.2 X 10(3)/mm2), and chronic alcoholics (mean, 12.7 X 10(3)/mm2; SD, 2.1 X 10(3)/mm2), although in 8 of 11 nerves from alcoholics, the density was within the control range. These findings demonstrate that autonomic afferent fibres are damaged in diabetes and chronic alcoholism, and provide a pathological basis for the disturbances of heart rate and blood pressure control in these conditions. PMID- 3171090 TI - Reinnervation of sweat glands in the rat hind paw following peripheral nerve injury. AB - Electrophysiological experiments have been carried out to investigate the time course and extent of sweat gland reinnervation in the rat hind paw. The first evidence of functional reinnervation after nerve transection was obtained at 12 weeks, when the extent of innervation was 20% of that measured in control animals. By 20 weeks, reinnervation had reached almost 50% of control values but then there was no further improvement up to 52 weeks. These results are comparable to those for skin reinnervation by polymodal nociceptor afferents. PMID- 3171091 TI - Effect of acute and chronic spinal transection on evoked secretion of adrenal medullary catecholamines in the cat. AB - Eight cats were spinally transected at T3. After an acute (0-5 days) or chronic (15-37 days) period, animals were rendered decerebrate and the effects of visceral (bladder distention) and somatic (sciatic nerve stimulation) stimuli were examined. Epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine levels were measured in plasma collected from the left adrenolumbar vein; heart rate and blood pressure were continuously monitored. In chronic animals both visceral and somatic stimuli most frequently evoked prominent increases in blood pressure and the secretion of adrenal medullary catecholamines; the same stimuli caused little change in these parameters in acute animals. These data indicate that a condition similar to the clinical syndrome of autonomic hyperreflexia may be elicited in the chronic spinally transected cat, and that this condition is accompanied by a notable activation of the adrenal medulla. PMID- 3171092 TI - [Molecular genetics and retinoblastoma]. PMID- 3171093 TI - [A glaucoma follow-up of 1500 persons over 20 years]. AB - The parameters of glaucoma risk have been compiled and computer processed on 1,571 patients during 20 years at the C.P.E.M.P.N. (Medical Evaluation Center for the Aeronautic Staff) of Paris. The goal of this study is to follow in real time the evolution of these parameters and to determine their physiological variations across time in terms of age and professional categories. An average intra-ocular pressure of 15.1 mmHg as well as hypertonia and glaucoma percentages respectively of 3.88% and 0.6% have been recorded in this study. These results were below the results of other previous surveys due to the greater age range of our study the youngest being 15 years old. There was no significant difference among pilots and non pilots. The optic disc examination was not decisive for diagnostic screening. PMID- 3171094 TI - [Automated perimetry in patients with posterior chamber implants]. AB - Automated perimetry was performed on 32 eyes of 31 patients with posterior chamber intraocular lens. Visual field and retinal sensibility were studied a week and three months after surgery for each eye. Decreased retinal sensibility in the foveal area was observed in 75% of the eyes. Such a deficiency was also noted in the nasal visual field from 30 to 45 degrees, and within 60 degrees in the temporal area. Further investigation is mandatory to assess our hypothesis about this phenomenon. PMID- 3171095 TI - [An electronic sensory substitute for young blind children]. AB - The auditive perception of echoes produced by ultrasound impulses may compensate for the lack of certain spatial information normally provided by sight. The use of an ultrasonic guide in conjunction with the beginning of psychological care represents an important advance in the therapy of a young blind child. This therapy also implies the understanding of the impact of sensorial deprivation on the child's development and on the dynamics of the family. The largest risks of the pathology of development are analyzed. The principle results obtained concern the promotion of interaction between the child and his physical and human environment. We observe a spectacular change in the child's state of awareness, in his activities and in his tonic and postural recruitment. The importance beginning treatment very early is stressed. PMID- 3171096 TI - [Natural history of malignant melanoma of the choroid]. AB - Study of five patients with uveal melanomas, followed 3 to 11 years without treatment. In all cases the tumor progressed, involving orbital tissue in 2 cases. One patient died of metastasis after 4 years of evolution. The authors emphasize the variability of the growth rate in individual cases which explains the various clinical aspects. Metastasis can be seen in treated or untreated melanomas, often after a prolonged period. In case four, pulmonary metastasis was documented 20 years after enucleation with a very low growth rate. Natural history of uveal melanoma shows a low but regular growth which ends in local and general extension. PMID- 3171097 TI - [Results of myopic keratomileusis. A retrospective clinical study apropos of 40 cases]. AB - The authors report in a retrospective study, the results of myopic keratomileusis. 40 eyes were operated on at the department of ophthalmology of Hotel-Dieu Hospital in Paris, with a range follow-up of 6 to 24 months. The mean pre-operative spherical equivalent was - 15.08 +/- 3.32 D., and the mean post operative spherical equivalent was - 5.02 +/- 3.75 D. relative to preoperative conditions, best corrected visual acuity were unchanged in 6 cases, improved in 16 cases and diminished in 18 cases. The predictability of results was better for patients with myopia in the range of - 9 to - 16 D. During the first post operative year, a mean regressive tendency of 3 diopters was noted. Complications are reported and analysed. Myopic keratomileusis is indicated for myopia between 10 and - 16 D., when correction by contact lenses has failed. Candidates for surgery must be informed and consent about possibilities, limits and risks of the procedure. PMID- 3171098 TI - [Photocoagulation with the argon laser in cystoid macular edema in retinal venous occlusions. Apropos of 68 cases]. AB - Sixty-eight consecutive eyes with cystoid macular edema due to venous occlusion were treated by grid laser photocoagulation. The diagnosis of cystoid macular edema was based on both the biomicroscopic and angiographic findings. The treatment was applied with blue-green or green argon laser. The criteria for treatment were the presence of cystoid macular edema, visual acuity of 0.5 or less and duration of the venous occlusion for more than 6 months. The technique of treatment included direct photocoagulation of certain microaneurysms and of collateral dilatations exhibiting fluorescein leakage in the macular area, followed by grid photocoagulation applied to the area of cystoid edema. No laser burn was placed within 300 microns of the center of the macula. The patients were followed for periods of 6 to 24 months with a mean follow-up of 15 months. Forty five eyes presented with a branch vein occlusion. Photocoagulation resulted in the decrease or disappearance of macular edema in 42 of these eyes (93%) and the improvement of visual acuity by 0.2 or more in 12 (27%). Twenty-three eyes presented central vein occlusion. In these cases, photocoagulation resulted in the decrease or disappearance of macular edema in 20 eyes (87%), and visual acuity improved by 0.2 or more in 4 (17%). These results indicate that grid laser photocoagulation is an effective method, reducing persistent cystoid macular edema due to venous occlusion. However, visual results were better in the branch vein occlusions than in the central vein occlusions. PMID- 3171099 TI - [Fluoroiridographic aspects of iridoschisis]. AB - Iridoschisis is a rare condition of uncertain etiology characterized by a cleavage of the iris layers. We report four cases studied by fluorescein angiography to display possible occurrence of vascular abnormalities in the pathogenesis of the disease. Case 1: 80 year old woman with bilateral schisis of the peripheral iris, in the inferonasal quadrant in RE and inferotemporal in LE. A shallow anterior chamber was present in OU; IOP was 18 in RE and 15 in LE. No corneal abnormalities were present. Fluoroiridography showed a normal pattern filling of the iris vascularity, that was more visible in the schisis area. Case 2: 66 year old man with diabetes and open-angle glaucoma operated on for trabeculectomy five years previously. The examination showed a normal cornea, a shallow anterior chamber and miotic pupils for pilocarpine therapy. IOP was 12 in OU. The iridoschisis was present in RE in the lower sectors which were totally involved from the outer iris to the inner pupillary margin. Fluoroiridography indicated a normal vessel perfusion without any abnormality in the affected sectors. A slight bilateral pupillary dye leakage without any stromal diffusion was attributable to the patient's age. Case 3: 55 year old woman treated with miotics in RE for a glaucoma diagnosed after head trauma twenty years before, after which the vision in LE was reduced to 2/200 for post-traumatic optic nerve atrophy. No corneal abnormality was present. The anterior chamber was shallow and the ocular tension was 14 in RE and 10 in LE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171100 TI - [Surgical treatment of pterygium: 24 cases of excision]. AB - Forty-two eyes (32 patients) with pterygia were treated with simple excision at the Ophthalmologic Clinic of University of Kinshasa during a four year period (from Jan. 1, 1983, to Dec. 31, 1986). The mean age of patients with pterygia was 36 years (range of 22 to 70 years). Nineteen (59%) patients were males and thirteen (41%) were females. Twenty (48%) pterygia affected right and left eyes and 9 (21%) pterygia affected the right eye and 13 (31%) the left eye. The pterygia were classified in four stages according to the degree of penetration from the surface of the cornea. Most of the excised pterygia were at stage one or two. With an average follow-up of six months (range, one to 34 months), 10 (24%) of the eyes had recurrences following their primary irrespective of the eye condition and the stage of advancement. Rate of recurrence of pterygium after primary excision was higher before the age of 40 years. The recurrences were also twice higher in females than in males. Excision of the recurrent pterygia indicated a recurrence rate of 100%. These results confirm that simple resection was not indicated for recurrent pterygium, which could be treated with an other surgical technique as previously recommended. The results of this study showed that the primary excision could be reserved only for pterygium at stage 1 or 2 after the age of 40 years. PMID- 3171101 TI - [On software concerning the Ruiz technic of trapezoidal incisions for the treatment of astigmatism]. AB - The study of the parameters used to establish the software program concerning the trapezoidal incisions of Ruiz in the treatment of astigmatism, shows that only the differential keratometry between the two axis and the power of the spherical component are utilized. The small number of parameters taken into account in the program enables us to present it in two tables. PMID- 3171102 TI - [Surgical peripheral iridectomy and argon laser iridotomy in primary closed-angle glaucoma. Comparative statistical study]. AB - The subject is to compare the middle term efficiency of surgical peripheral iridotomy and Argon laser iridotomy for primary closed angle glaucoma. We have considered reopened angles on 360 degrees after a crisis of closed angle; eyes with a positive "neosynephrine - pilocarpine" test; the second eye of a primary closed angle glaucoma and primary mixed glaucoma. Sixty affected eyes have been divided in two groups in a randomized study. Group A: Thirty eyes requiring a bilateral surgical peripheral iridectomy, Group B: Thirty eyes requiring a bilateral Argon laser iridotomy. The patients are regularly followed at intervals of: one week, three months, six months, one year and two years. Four parameters have been researched: 1. Intraocular pressure between 9 h-12 h a.m. Intraocular pressures lower or equal to 22 mmHg were considered to be successes. 2. Far visual acuity with correct lenses. 3. Opacity of the crystalline lenses: normal or sclerosed (0, +/-, +) cataract (++, ). 4. Post-operative complications. Some cases have required several periods of Argon laser photocoagulation (colorless iris, older patients) but we prefer a proper result immediately in order not to take any risks with pupillary blocking-up. The statistical analysis gives the following results: Same tonometric results according to the different technics even if the treatment has been prophylactic (positive provocation test; second eye) or curative (primary closed-angle glaucoma with solvable crisis; mixed glaucoma). No significant difference of visual acuity between the two groups after two years. Similarly, we have not found a significant difference between both techniques in each considered age group two years after the operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171103 TI - [Familial nanophthalmos]. AB - Microphthalmos is a rare, potentially devastating condition. Catsch found 30 cases of microphthalmos in a population of 26,735 (0.11%); Scouras et al. among 120,000 ophthalmic out-patients found 70 cases of microphthalmos (0.058%); among 3,557 blind adults Lindstedt found 63 cases (1.77%) and Kissel et al. among 210,000 ophthalmic out-patients found 97 cases (0.046%). Congenital microphthalmos may be: colobomatous, complicated, pure. Pure microphthalmos or nanophthalmos is a rare condition in which the eye is reduced in size with a notably high ratio of the lens volume to eye volume, but no other congenital anomalies are present. The sclera is abnormally thick. Nanophthalmos may be sporadic or hereditary: hereditary transmission may be either recessive or dominant. These eyes are anatomically predisposition to angle-closure glaucoma and occasionally associated with uveal effusion. Angle-closure glaucoma probably is the result of the natural increase in the size of the lens with age; in addition, spontaneous choroidal detachment probably may cause elevation and forward rotation of the ciliary body pushing the lens-iris diaphragm forward, with increasing of the relative pupillary block. The uveal effusion probably is the result of choroidal congestion secondary to obstruction of vortex veins by abnormally thickened sclera. Uveal effusion may also occurs spontaneously in patients with nanophthalmos between the ages of 40 to 60 years. Surgical intervention with sudden decompression of the globe, appears to aggravate the degree of uveal effusion. Three cases of familial nanophthalmos associated with angle-closure glaucoma without uveal effusion not microcornea are reported. The occurrence of nanophthalmos in the same family suggests an autosomal recessive inheritance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171104 TI - Effects of lentinan on cytotoxic functions of human lymphocytes. AB - The in vitro effects of lentinan on natural killer (NK), antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (LDCC) and mitogen-induced blast transformation were studied in patients with solid tumors and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). NK activity was measured against 51Cr-labelled K-562 targets, ADCC against antibody-coated chicken red cells. LDCC and natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) was assessed using 3H-thymidine prelabelled HEp-2 targets. Mitogen (PHA- and Con A-) induced blast transformation was measured by thymidine incorporation. Blastogenesis and LDCC was not influenced by lentinan. 1 microgram/ml lentinan increased NCMC of tumor-bearing subjects. The most prominent enhancement of NK and ADCC activity was seen in CLL patients, where a dose-related increase was seen (from 0.01 to 1 microgram/ml). PMID- 3171105 TI - Lymphocyte activation, iron uptake and release by human mononuclear leukocytes in the presence of desferrioxamine. AB - Desferrioxamine (DFO), an iron chelating drug, has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response of leukocytes to mitogen. In the present study we investigated the effect of DFO on different aspects of human mononuclear leukocyte (MNL) function in vitro. DFO, added at the beginning of the culture period, inhibited both tritiated thymidine and radioiron uptake by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated MNL and the degree of inhibition correlated with the degree of cellular activation, to the extent that in the absence of mitogen a significant stimulatory effect of DFO was observed, especially when iron supplement was present in the culture medium. However DFO was not found to inhibit iron uptake directly, and relatively low concentrations of iron as iron transferrin totally reversed the inhibitory action of DFO on thymidine uptake. Although the release of iron from preloaded MNL in the presence of DFO was only 15% greater than the spontaneous release of control cultures, we conclude that the site of action of DFO is an intracellular iron pool, that increases in importance when the supply of iron to the cellular iron metabolism become limiting as in optimally activated MNL. PMID- 3171106 TI - Changes in peripheral blood cells in mice after injection with benzo(a)pyrene during pregnancy. AB - Pregnant C3H/Anfcum mice were injected ip with 150 micrograms benzo(a)pyrene (BP)/g body weight at the second trimester (12 days). Quantitative and differential changes were assayed in the peripheral blood leukocytes and erythrocytes at various times before and after mating and treatment. Within 5 days after injection, a 2- to 4-fold reduction in leukocytes was observed when compared to controls [corn oil (vehicle for BP)-injected pregnant females] which persisted into the 10th postpartum day. The erythrocytes were also significantly reduced but not to the same degree (1.2- to 1.5-fold). Depression in white blood cells is attributed to lymphocyte depletion since the granulocytes were virtually unchanged and the lymphocyte to granulocyte ratio, ordinarily greater than 2 was 1 or less than one. No change in monocytes was observed and none of the cell populations, including the erythrocytes, appeared to be abnormal (e.g., no increase in reticulocytes). A moderate reduction (1.5-fold) in erythrocytes and leukocytes also occurred in the controls (vs virgin females). Pregnancy also led to transient decreases in medium sized lymphocytes and 3- to 4-fold increase in small lymphocytes shortly after mating to about 3 days before parturition. These results show that, although pregnancy depresses the leukocyte profile, exposure to BP exacerbates this change, and preferentially affects the lymphocytes. These blood profile changes may have important health consequences in the mother and her progeny. PMID- 3171107 TI - Immune modulation by Coxiella burnetii: characterization of a phase I immunosuppressive complex differentially expressed among strains. AB - Coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of Q fever, possesses immunomodulatory activity which positively and negatively regulates host immune responses. We wish to determine the Coxiella strain differences and the chemical nature of cellular components suppressing lymphocyte responsiveness. The bacterial components responsible for the immunomodulatory activity are associated with phase I cells. In its natural state, the phase I cell-associated, immunosuppressive complex (ISC) was resistant to chemical and enzymatic treatment. The ISC was inactivated and rendered accessible by chloroform-methanol (CM) (4:1) extraction of phase I cells which produced a CM residue (CMRI) and CM extract (CME). The suppressive components in either CMRI or CME did not induce ISC activity in the host when injected separately. Reconstitution of the CMRI with CME prior to injection produced the same pathological reactions characteristic of phase I cells. The CMRI suppressive component was sensitive to alkali, acid, periodate, lysozyme, and neuraminidase, but resistant to lipase and protease. An active component of CMRI was attached to the cell matrix by disulphide bonds. The amphipathic, lipophilic, CME suppressive component was ubiquitously distributed in procaryotes and eukaryotes because ISC activity of CMRI was regained after association with reagent-grade lipids and different CMEs. The ISC was expressed by phase I strains with smooth lipopolysaccharide (LPS) but not by phase II strains with rough LPS. Phase I heart valve strains carrying significant amounts of rough LPS did not express all of the biological properties of the ISC. The LPS molecule induced immune enhancement without immunosuppression. Thus, expression of the ISC showed strain variation and may be under genetic control. The complete details of the chemical composition and active components of the ISC should prove useful for biological-response-modification studies. PMID- 3171108 TI - Distribution of total progesterone receptor levels in various segments and tissues of the normal human uterus: the effect of short-term estrogen administration. AB - Total progesterone receptor levels (TRP) were measured in various tissues and segments of normal human uteri in basal conditions (late proliferative phase, control group, n = 6) and after short term estrogen administration (test group, n = 8). Similar trends of distribution were observed in both groups in basal endometrial TRP levels along the longitudinal axis, i.e. the highest levels were found at the height of the body and the lowest at the height of the internal os. Differences were found in the trends of distribution of the TRP levels between the two groups along the transverse axis of the uterus at the height of the fundus. In the control group TRP levels in the functional endometrium were higher than those in the basal endometrium and myometrium. In the test group, however, the trend was reversed. Since the RP is estradiol induced and dependent, these results indicate the possibility of a selective estrogen effect on various segments or tissues in the human uterus. PMID- 3171109 TI - A study of the binding of Graves' immunoglobulins to orbital antigens. AB - The binding of Graves' immunoglobulins to membranes of human eye muscle (HEM) and guinea pig Harderian gland (HG) were studied. The membrane fraction of 100,000 X g sediment was used for ELISA. Serum samples from 55 patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy were evaluated for binding to the membrane preparation. There was a higher binding to HG with the sera from the patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy than in the control group (p less than 0.01), but there was no difference in binding to HEM. Purification of IgG from sera improved binding to HG in both patients' (p less than 0.001) and control group (p less than 0.005). There was also an increase in percentage of positive responses obtained with IgG 48% vs serum samples 37%. In 23 out of 24 patients we found the thickening of extraocular muscles by A-scan ultrasonography. In these groups of patients and 3 others with malignant ophthalmopathy the binding of IgG preparation to HG was similar to control group. In all assays there was an overlap between patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy and control subjects, and a lack of relationship between the responses in ELISA and clinical or severity of ophthalmopathy. PMID- 3171110 TI - The effects of calcitonin on idiopathic nephrolithiasis. Evidence of bone involvement in fasting hypercalciuria. AB - This study was performed to evaluate the antihypercalciuric effect of calcitonin (CT), a potent inhibitor of bone osteoclastic activity, on idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH). Forty-two stone formers were studied: 18 suffered from fasting hypercalciuria (FH), 12 from nonfasting hypercalciuria (NFH) and 12 were normocalciuric stone formers (NSF). All patients received CT, 25 U/day sc for a period of 15 days. CT caused a statistically significant drop in urine calcium, phosphorus and hydroxyproline (OH-proline) excretion in FH patients and a concomitant increase in serum PTH levels. In this group the percentage variation (D%) of urine calcium decrease was linearly correlated with D% decrease in urine OH-proline. These results support the hypothesis that pathological bone reabsorption might be involved in the genesis of FH. PMID- 3171111 TI - The impact of cognitive skills remediation training on persons with Alzheimer's disease or mixed dementia. PMID- 3171112 TI - Purchasing power: business and health policy change in Massachusetts. AB - As in many states around the country, health care costs in Massachusetts had risen to an unprecedented proportion of the state budget by the early 1980s. State health policymakers realized that dramatic changes were needed in the political process to break provider control over health policy decisions. This paper presents a case study of policy change in Massachusetts between 1982 and 1988. State officials formulated a strategy to mobilize corporate interests, which were already awakening to the problems of high health care costs, as a countervailing power to the political monopoly of provider interests. Once mobilized, business interests became organized politically and even became dominant at times, controlling both the policy agenda and its process. Ultimately, business came to be viewed as a permanent part of the coalitions and commissions that helped formulate state health policy. Although initially allied with provider interests, business eventually forged a stronger alliance with the state, an alliance that has the potential to force structural change in health care politics in Massachusetts for years to come. The paper raises questions about the consequences of such alliances between public and private power for both the content and the process of health policymaking at the state level. PMID- 3171113 TI - Do consensus conferences work? A process evaluation of the NIH Consensus Development Program. AB - The purpose of this evaluation study is to identify problems and suggest modifications in the NIH Consensus Development Program. The current program consists of three-day conferences in which experts assess medical technologies for issues of efficacy, safety, conditions of use, and other related topics (e.g., costs and social impact). Eight consensus conferences held between 1980 and 1982 were studied in depth using a variety of methods; five of the conferences were investigated concurrently. In addition, archival material was examined for all but one of the 33 conferences held up to that time, and four planning meetings for future conferences were observed. The delay in publishing our findings provided an opportunity to examine the changes introduced by NIH; it also allowed us to avoid the criticism of numerous prior evaluations for finding fault with programs that are still developing. NIH adopted many of the recommendations in our evaluation report and has investigated others. Based on our evaluation and more recent evidence, however, we conclude that the major problem that was uncovered--selection bias, particularly with respect to the choice of questions and panelists--remains a significant threat to the credibility of the consensus process. More specifically, the results indicate that controversial issues cannot be properly addressed within the present conference format, although that was one of its major purposes. Recommendations for improving the consensus process are presented, as are their implications for a larger set of consensus activities that are currently being conducted. PMID- 3171114 TI - The profits of not-for-profit hospitals. AB - This paper explores the profits of not-for-profit (NFP) hospitals and identifies the factors that determine whether such profits are adequate. A model which relates hospital charges to surpluses is used to derive NFP surplus from gross patient charges and operating costs. This is done to identify the items contributing to surpluses and to explore the dispersion of NFP surpluses. We first discuss why the literature is relatively silent on NFP profitability. We then present the model and use Tennessee hospital data to identify how its components vary by hospital type and through time. The dispersion of surpluses among NFPs is then examined. We next propose three rate of return measures of profitability and use these to relate NFP profits to select characteristics of hospitals and their environments. Several alternative profit levels of NFP are discussed, and the factors that are relevant to the issue of determining the adequate level of profit are identified. The paper ends with a plea for better data on NFP profits. PMID- 3171115 TI - Thoracic vertebral fracture as a complication of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AB - We report the case of a 76-year-old woman who suffered cardiopulmonary arrest three days after being hospitalized with an acute myocardial infarction. She underwent standard cardiopulmonary resuscitative measures for approximately 25 min before being pronounced dead. Autopsy examination revealed a recent myocardial infarction, as well as an acutely fractured tenth thoracic vertebra. Thoracic vertebral fractures are a previously unrecognized complication of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 3171116 TI - Cervical spine fracture following a motor vehicle accident. AB - We present the case of a 50-year-old man who visited our emergency department 12 h after an alcohol-related motor vehicle accident complaining of shoulder pain and neck stiffness. Cervical spine radiographs were obtained and interpreted as normal, and the patient was discharged. Subsequent review by a radiologist raised the question of a second cervical vertebra (C-2) abnormality, and the patient was recalled. Cervical computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an unstable oblique fracture of C-2 and a congenital nonfusion of the arch of C-1. The patient was placed in halo traction, and subsequent radiographs revealed a fracture of the transverse process of C-7. The patient made an uneventful recovery. The limitations of routine cervical radiographs are well-documented, but no feasible alternative exists as a screening procedure. Thus, a certain level of uncertainty must be accepted. Both physician and patient must recognize the limitations inherent in all medical practice and that follow-up examination and treatment are essential. PMID- 3171117 TI - Intravenous procainamide for the conversion of new onset atrial fibrillation in the emergency department setting. AB - A common problem seen by emergency physicians, that of new onset atrial fibrillation, and a unique approach to its emergency department management are discussed. In hemodynamically stable patients with new onset atrial fibrillation, an attempt at chemical cardioversion can be made in the emergency department with intravenous procainamide at a rate of 20 mg/min to a maximum dose of 20 mg/kg if accompanied with careful monitoring of blood pressure and cardiac rhythm. If cardioversion is successful, such individuals may not require hospitalization if they are less than 65 years of age and without evidence of organic heart, lung, or thyroid disease. PMID- 3171118 TI - Terminating SVT-mediated recurrent ventricular fibrillation with verapamil. AB - Verapamil has been established as the drug of choice in the treatment of supraventricular dysrhythmias and is recognized as useful in the treatment of ischemic heart disease and hypertension. However, verapamil has not generally been considered helpful in the treatment of ventricular dysrhythmias. Five cases are reported in which verapamil was used to terminate a cycle of supraventricular tachycardia-mediated recurrent ventricular fibrillation that could not be suppressed by conventional antidysrhythmics such as lidocaine, procainamide, and bretylium, Proposed mechanisms of verapamil's beneficial effect in this usually fatal situation include (1) a reduction in oxygen consumption related to the reduction in heart rate, thereby raising the ventricular fibrillation threshold; (2) direct anti-ischemic effect; and (3) a direct antidysrhythmic effect. These proposed mechanisms are substantiated by clinical studies. On the basis of this observation, it is recommended that in a situation of supraventricular tachycardia-mediated recurrent ventricular fibrillation that cannot be terminated by conventional antidysrhythmics, the administration of verapamil should be considered. PMID- 3171119 TI - Management of acute severe verapamil intoxication. AB - A 41-year-old man ingested 6.8 g of verapamil in a suicide attempt. The patient was severely hypotensive, oliguric, and developed a variety of dysrhythmias. He was also hyperglycemic. The patient was successfully resuscitated with intravenous normal saline, calcium chloride, dopamine, and norepinephrine. A review of the manifestations of verapamil intoxication and suggestions for management are outlined. PMID- 3171120 TI - Five thousand acute care/emergency department chest radiographs: comparison of requisitions with radiographic findings. AB - Five-thousand portable or posterior-anterior-lateral radiographs of acute care emergency department patients were interpreted. They revealed serious disease in 35% of patients with chest symptoms, in 27% of all patients examined, and in 18% of patients with noncardiorespiratory symptoms. The highest incidence of abnormal radiographs (42%-79%) occurred in patients with symptoms of congestive heart failure, dyspnea, hemoptysis, dysrhythmia, and hypertension. Asthma (14%) and trauma (5%) presented the lowest incidence of significant findings. Radiographs of patients suspected of having pneumonia were abnormal in 25% of cases, and in those patients with either cough or fever alone, the incidences of pneumonia were 13% and 18%. Whereas 24% of patients with dyspnea alone had radiographic findings of congestive heart failure, 52% of those with congestive heart failure diagnosed on clinical grounds had abnormal radiographs. The chest radiograph continues to be a significantly important examination in the diagnosis of disease, the prevention of overtreatment, and the redirection of clinical investigation in the acute care emergency department unit. PMID- 3171121 TI - Evaluating anatomical factors affecting endotracheal intubation. AB - Critically ill patients often require endotracheal intubation in the emergency department. Sometimes immediate attempts at endotracheal intubation are indicated. In other situations, a momentary delay to assess the anatomic factors that might make intubation difficult is advantageous. This examination should include assessment of nose and oral cavity patency, mobility and posterior depth of the mandible, and mobility and length of the neck. PMID- 3171122 TI - Sudden death in a young adult woman. PMID- 3171123 TI - Potential impact of extended treatment protocols. PMID- 3171124 TI - Contact lens and corneal ulcers. PMID- 3171125 TI - Injury prevention curriculum. PMID- 3171126 TI - Chemical sterilization in nursing homes. PMID- 3171127 TI - Protective ribs for male connectors. PMID- 3171128 TI - Survey of the level of HIV testing in state and territorial public health laboratories. PMID- 3171129 TI - HIV testing: an overview of current technology. PMID- 3171130 TI - The relationship and biology of human retroviruses. PMID- 3171131 TI - The American Red Cross experience with HTLV-I. PMID- 3171132 TI - Perinatal testing: issues and objectives. PMID- 3171133 TI - Testing for antibody to HIV in newborn blood samples collected on paper. PMID- 3171135 TI - The role of the Food and Drug Administration in development and standardization of tests for HIV and HTLV-I. PMID- 3171136 TI - Testing for HIV antibody: developing a standard of practice for the laboratory. PMID- 3171137 TI - Review of laboratory proficiency. PMID- 3171134 TI - A quality assurance program for human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity screening of dried-blood spot specimens. PMID- 3171138 TI - Bacillus species pseudomeningitis. AB - A cluster of cerebrospinal fluid Gram's stains showing gram-positive bacilli and of cerebrospinal fluid cultures growing Bacillus species in a large community teaching hospital prompted an epidemiologic and microbiologic investigation. Pseudomeningitis was suspected and confirmed when cultures of uninoculated commercial trypticase soy broth with 5% Fildes enrichment grew Bacillus species. Secondary contamination of the pipettes used for inoculation accounted for the positive cerebrospinal fluid Gram's stains. The costs of this pseudo-outbreak included unnecessary antibiotic therapy, lumbar punctures, and hospitalization. Such adverse effects can be minimized by increased physician awareness of pseudoinfections and by prompt investigation of such occurrences. PMID- 3171139 TI - Nosocomial infection in adult patients with sickle cell anemia. AB - Although the vulnerability of patients with sickle cell disease to infection with encapsulated organisms is well recognized, nosocomial transmission of infection has not been studied in this population. We describe eight serious, nosocomially transmitted infections in four adult patients hospitalized for complications of sickle cell disease, which led to death in one patient and prolonged hospital stays in three others. Although we have not surveyed all patients with sickle cell disease for rates of nosocomial infection, the cases presented suggest that these patients may be at increased risk. Risk can be reduced if health care workers are especially vigilant in adhering to handwashing and other infection control measures when caring for these patients. Additionally, we recommend that a patient with sickle cell disease not share a room with a patient known to have or suspected of having a nosocomial or community-acquired infectious disease. PMID- 3171140 TI - Statistical analysis of 2 x 2 tables. PMID- 3171141 TI - The provision of follow-up care for coronary patients in the home environment. PMID- 3171142 TI - Decisions to discontinue intensive therapy, influencing factors and approaches to decision-making. PMID- 3171145 TI - Cultural assessment in the intensive care unit. PMID- 3171144 TI - The conflict management style of intensive care nurses. PMID- 3171143 TI - Nurse attitudes to automatic computer control of arterial pressure. PMID- 3171146 TI - Never mind the volume, what about the flow rate? PMID- 3171147 TI - Writing for publication: writing a book. PMID- 3171148 TI - Basic life support--the forgotten skills? PMID- 3171149 TI - Boundaries of nursing. PMID- 3171150 TI - A retrospective study of patients' recall of respirator treatment (2): Nursing care factors and feelings of security/insecurity. PMID- 3171151 TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PMID- 3171153 TI - Aortic surgery complicated by horseshoe kidney. PMID- 3171152 TI - Nosocomial sinusitis. PMID- 3171154 TI - Coccygodynia in women. PMID- 3171155 TI - Fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules. PMID- 3171156 TI - Flexible fringe benefits plans. PMID- 3171157 TI - Maternal mortality in Indiana: a report of maternal deaths in 1986. PMID- 3171158 TI - Microvascular decompression for intractable trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 3171159 TI - Intraoperative radiation therapy in head and neck cancer. PMID- 3171160 TI - Electronic information for physicians: a new dimension in solving problems. PMID- 3171162 TI - Emergency physicians speak out on AIDS. PMID- 3171161 TI - Indiana's informed consent doctrine. PMID- 3171163 TI - Analysis of vasopressin gene expression by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in semi-thin sections. AB - We have designed a procedure to investigate vasopressin (AVP) gene expression on plastic-embedded tissue by using in situ hybridization to detect AVP mRNA and immunohistochemistry to detect AVP. Rat brain was fixed and vibratome slices were incubated with a 45-base synthetic oligonucleotide complementary to AVP mRNA labeled with 35S, embedded in Araldite, and cut into semi-thin serial sections that were either processed for autoradiography or treated with an AVP antiserum. The results show that AVP mRNA is detectable in magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in both vibratome and semi-thin sections. Osmication after hybridization does not modify the signal. AVP mRNA is restricted to the cytoplasm of magnocellular neurons and to the proximal portion of certain processes. Neurons labeled with the AVP probe were also stained with the AVP antiserum. AVP mRNA quantity and the intensity of AVP immunoreactivity are not consistently related in neurons. At least two hypotheses must be considered to explain these differences: first, the procedure presently used could lead to a reaction intensity that does not exactly reflect the amount of antigen or mRNA present in cells; second, the difference observed may reflect the fact that transcriptional and translational events are not constantly linked and can be regulated differently from one AVP neuron to another. This method provides a way to detect mRNA on semi-thin sections together with antigenic molecules and to accurately investigate gene expression in complex tissues with optimal histological quality. PMID- 3171164 TI - Quantitative radioimmunohistochemical method using [125I]-protein A to measure the content of methionine enkephalin in discrete rat brain areas. AB - We report a quantitative radioimmunohistochemical method, using [125I]-protein A in combination with a specific antibody to methionine enkephalin (Met-enk), for determination of the content of this peptide in discrete areas of rat brain. After paraformaldehyde fixation, rat brain sections were incubated with a Met-enk polyclonal antibody, followed by incubation with [125I]-protein A. After autoradiography with 3H-sensitive Ultrofilm, optical densities (OD) were quantified by computerized microdensitometry. The OD obtained were compared to a standard curve, constructed after determination by radioimmunoassay of the Met enk content in corresponding brain areas from adjacent tissue sections. After comparing 15 different brain areas over a ninetyfold range of concentrations, we found a linear relationship between the content of Met-enk, as determined by radioimmunoassay, and the OD generated by autoradiography. The content of Met-enk in other discrete brain areas can be quantified by interpolation of the OD determined by autoradiography in the standard curve. The method allows, for the first time, precise quantification of peptide concentrations in discrete areas and nuclei from thin sections of rat brain. This technique has a more than 100 fold higher sensitivity than classical radioimmunoassays, with the additional advantage of neuroanatomical localization. It also has the potential for application to the quantification of many other antigens present in brain and other tissues. PMID- 3171165 TI - Visualization of exocellular lectins in the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus obscurus. AB - We demonstrated the presence of lectins binding to glucose and N acetylglucosamine on the surface of Conidiobolus obscurus spores by using glycosylated serum albumins substituted with fluorescent dyes and colloidal gold. The role of these exocellular lectins was examined in relation to the adhesion of the fungal spores to their host insect and the pathogenicity of the fungus. PMID- 3171166 TI - Autophagy of mitochondria in rat liver assessed by immunogold procedures. AB - Glutamate dehydrogenase and carbamoyl phosphate synthase-I were localized in rat liver by immunogold procedures, using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. As expected, there was extensive labeling in mitochondria. Label was also found in lysosomal autophagic vacuoles. When autophagy was stimulated by in vivo administration of the anti-microtubular agent vinblastine we found that: (a) carbamoyl phosphate synthase-I and glutamate dehydrogenase could be found in mitochondria within autophagic vacuoles; (b) the carbamoyl phosphate synthase-I and glutamate dehydrogenase content of the mitochondria sequestered into autophagic vacuoles is the same as that of the nearby "free" mitochondria; and (c) in the whole liver, autophagic vacuoles contain c. 1.5 times more glutamate dehydrogenase than carbamoyl phosphate synthase-I, in contrast to mitochondria which have c. three times more carbamoyl phosphate synthase-I than glutamate dehydrogenase. The latter finding could explain, at least partially, the difference in half-lives of these enzymes. PMID- 3171167 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic localization of an oviductal antigen in hamster zona pellucida by use of a monoclonal antibody. AB - The zona pellucida is an extracellular matrix of glycoproteins which surrounds the mammalian oocyte and preimplantation embryo. We have recently developed monoclonal antibodies against oviductal zona pellucida of the golden hamster. We applied the post-embedding immunocytochemical method using a monoclonal antibody (IgGl,k) to determine the precise location of antigenic sites in the cumulus oophorus complex of the superovulated hamster. By applying the high-resolution protein A-gold technique, we demonstrated that the sites of immunoreactivity were exclusively in the zona pellucida encompassing the oocyte. Other structures within the oocyte and neighboring cumulus cells were not labeled by gold particles. Moreover, gold particles were evenly distributed throughout the entire thickness of the zona pellucida, indicating that this extracellular layer is at least in part made up of an antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody that is uniformly distributed in the zona matrix. PMID- 3171168 TI - Influence of an enriched dietary sodium chloride regime during gestation and suckling and post-natally on the ontogeny of hypertension in the rat. AB - Brattleboro rats without diabetes insipidus were subjected to sodium chloride enrichment (20-fold increase in dietary salt) at various stages of their development. Salt supplementation in the adult rat produced higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), particularly in males (142 +/- 3 versus 110 +/- 3 mmHg in control. The blood pressures of females on salt-supplemented diets during pregnancy decreased from 136 +/- 1 to 121 +/- 2 mmHg, although throughout this period the blood pressures for these rats were greater than for the control pregnant rats. Pregnant females on salt-supplemented diets also showed higher sodium concentrations in the amniotic fluid compared with controls (155 +/- 3.4 versus 134.1 +/- 6.0 mmol/l). Salt supplemented lactating mothers produced milk with similar sodium concentrations to those of the controls, but the urinary sodium concentrations of pups suckling on the former were greater than in the controls. It is concluded that the suckling pups were also salt-enriched. Rats were submitted to salt-enriched regimes in utero, during suckling, post-weaning and post-pubertally, or permutations thereof. Salt supplementation post-weaning led to consistent elevation in arterial blood pressure with males being more susceptible than females. The degree of elevation was increased if the salt supplement was present during suckling (132 +/- 1 versus 112 +/- 1 mmHg) and was greatest when the salt-supplemented regime was administered both in utero and during the post-weaning period (154 +/- 2 versus 112 +/- 1 mmHg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171169 TI - Consequences of impaired arterial baroreflexes in essential hypertension: effects on pressor responses, plasma noradrenaline and blood pressure variability. AB - In 62 untreated patients with essential hypertension, arterial baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) for heart rate, i.e. the change in pulse interval in response to a phenylephrine-induced increase in blood pressure, was compared with (1) haemodynamic changes during mental arithmetic, a reaction time test, isometric and bicycle exercise; (2) plasma noradrenaline (PNA) concentrations at rest, and during bicycle exercise and; (3) the variability of ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure. Subjects with diminished BRS showed the following responses: (1) higher mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) during all four stimuli; (2) a greater pressor response to cycling; (3) tended to have higher PNA concentrations during bicycle exercise and; (4) greater variation in ambulatory blood pressure. Furthermore, an increased pressor response to the reaction time test and increased ambulatory blood pressure variability was seen in younger subjects with reduced BRS. When subjects were subgrouped according to their WHO stage of hypertension, there were significant inverse relationships between BRS and the pressor responses to mental arithmetic, the reaction time test and cycling, and with ambulatory blood pressure variability only in those subjects without ECG or radiographic evidence of left ventricular enlargement (WHO stage I hypertension; n = 42). None of these correlations were present in subjects with one or both of these clinical findings (WHO stage II; n = 20). Pressor responses to the four laboratory stimuli and ambulatory blood pressure variability were similar in both groups, despite significantly higher arterial pressure and significantly lower BRS in WHO stage II subjects. These results suggest that differing mechanisms may be responsible for the regulation of blood pressure variation in these two groups. The arterial baroreflex can buffer acute changes in blood pressure in subjects with WHO stage I hypertension, but this ability is attenuated with progressive reduction of BRS. With the development of clinically evident cardiac adaptation to hypertension (WHO stage II), the contribution of the arterial baroreflex to the regulation of blood pressure is no longer detectable and the influence of cardiac and somatic afferents to reflex circulatory adjustments to activity may predominate. PMID- 3171170 TI - A major difference of kallikrein-binding protein in spontaneously hypertensive versus normotensive rats. AB - A unique tissue kallikrein-binding protein was identified and partially characterized in the brain and serum of Sprague-Dawley rats and in the serum-free conditioned media of mouse anterior pituitary cells (AtT 20) and rodent neuroblastoma x glioma hybrids (NG108-15). Kallikrein and kallikrein-binding protein(s) form SDS- and heat-stable complexes with a molecular weight (Mr) of approximately 92,000. The complex formation of 125I-labelled kallikrein and the binding protein in the serum and brain is inhibited by excess unlabelled rat urinary kallikrein, rat arginine esterase A (a kallikrein-like kininogenase), and human urinary kallikrein. When the active site of kallikrein was blocked by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride or D-Phe-D-Phe-L-Arg-CH2Cl, no complex formation was detected. Kallikrein-binding protein only forms complexes with active kallikrein or trypsin-activated prokallikrein but not with prokallikrein. 125I labelled kallikrein forms a 92-kilodalton protein with binding protein in various brain regions of perfused normotensive rats of the Wistar-Kyoto strain (WKY), including the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and brain stem; but complex formation was not found in corresponding brain regions of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Similarly, the kallikrein-binding protein was identified in various tissues including thymus, lung, liver, prostate, Cowper's gland, adrenal gland, kidney, and pancreas of WKY rats but not in tissues of SHR. The results suggest a major difference in the kallikrein-binding protein in hypertensive versus normotensive rats. The role of this specific kallikrein-binding protein in cellular hemodynamic processes and blood pressure regulation remains to be investigated. PMID- 3171171 TI - Attenuated cardiovascular and sympathetic nerve responses to aortic nerve stimulation in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. AB - In order to verify, whether baroreflex sensitivity is changed centrally in DOCA salt hypertension, the left aortic depressor nerve (ADN) was electrically stimulated in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. After 3 weeks, tail-cuff systolic pressure was significantly higher in DOCA-salt treated rats than in untreated rats (169 +/- 4 versus 130 +/- 4 mmHg, respectively; P less than 0.001). After cutting both ADN and the carotid sinus nerves, the central cut end of the left ADN was electrically stimulated and frequency dependent depressor, bradycardic and sympatho-inhibitory responses were elicited in both control and DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. However, these responses were significantly smaller in DOCA salt hypertensive rats than in normotensive controls. Bradycardic and sympatho inhibitory responses to i.v. injection of norepinephrine were also blunted in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. These findings suggest that baroreflexes were centrally attenuated in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats and possibly contribute to overall baroreflex attenuation. PMID- 3171172 TI - Immunogenic duplex nucleic acids are nuclease resistant. AB - Several derivatives of the synthetic duplex DNA poly(d(GC] were prepared. These analogs contained ribo- and phosphorothioate substitutions, namely, poly(r(GC], poly(rGdC), poly(d(sGC], poly(d(GsC], and poly(d(sGsC]. The nucleic acids were complexed to methylated BSA and injected into C57BL/6 mice. Poly(d(GC] was not immunogenic, whereas the analogs gave a strong response. Analysis of the sera revealed that antibody populations were present, which recognized A, B, and Z form nucleic acids. In particular, immunization with poly(d(sGC] and poly(d(GsC] produced antibodies that bound poly(d(GC] and poly(d(IC]. The nuclease sensitivity of these polymers also was investigated. Poly(d(GC] was rapidly degraded by pancreatic DNase I, whereas the phosphorothioate derivatives were resistant, and the ribo-substituted polymers were resistant to both RNases and DNase I. Similarly, the nucleases present in mouse serum digested calf thymus DNA and ribosomal rRNA while both types of analog persisted indefinitely. These results suggest the hypothesis that duplex DNAs are generally not immunogenic because they are rapidly degraded by serum nucleases. Therefore, they escape immune detection. PMID- 3171173 TI - The role of mast cells in thioglycollate-induced inflammation. AB - The possible role of mast cells in the initiation of inflammation was studied in genetically mast cell-deficient mice, WBB6F1-W/Wv. Inflammation was induced by i.p. injection of thioglycollate. The influx of neutrophils was markedly delayed in WBB6F1-W/Wv mice as compared to the WBB6F1-+/+, mice (congeneic controls). At the time (14 h) of maximum influx of neutrophils in WBB6F1-+/+ mice, thioglycollate caused a 3-fold increase in the total cell number in the peritoneal lavage fluid, and the neutrophil count was elevated 14-fold. At the same time point in W/Wv mice, the total cell number in the peritoneal lavage fluid was not increased significantly and the neutrophils were increased only three- to four-fold. Not only was the neutrophil influx in WBB6F1-W/Wv mice delayed, but the length of time during which the neutrophil count was elevated in the peritoneal fluid was significantly shortened. Transfer (i.p.) of mast cells cultured from the bone marrow of congeneic controls corrected the delay in the neutrophil influx. The magnitude of the neutrophil influx in WBB6F1-W/Wv mice was equivalent to that of congeneic controls 9 days after mast cell repletion. Histologic studies were performed to follow the migration and differentiation of mast cells after adoptive transfer into WBB6F1-W/Wv mice. No connective tissue mast cells could be identified on day 9 when the inflammatory reaction was restored. Migration of mast cells into the tissue, as studied in the cecum, progressed steadily. On day 9 after adoptive transfer, the mast cell number was 38% of congeneic controls. Therefore, the increase in thioglycollate-induced neutrophil influx in WBB6F1W/Wv mice after mast cell repletion seemed to be correlated, at least to some extent, with the migration of mast cells into tissues and not with differentiation into connective tissue mast cells. However, a certain maturation and differentiation may have occurred. These results suggest that mast cells play an important role, although they do not seem to be the only cell type responsible for the initiation of inflammation. PMID- 3171174 TI - Macrophage procoagulant-inducing factor. In vivo properties and chemotactic activity for phagocytic cells. AB - Murine macrophage procoagulant-inducing factor (MPIF) is a lymphokine with chemical properties distinct from a number of well-characterized cytokines. MPIF induces procoagulant activity on the surface of macrophages and thus may play a central role in the expression of cell-mediated immunity. Highly enriched MPIF alpha and -beta, separated by virtue of their basic isoelectric point and affinity for heparin, induced local induration and fibrin deposition and cellular infiltration similar to that observed in delayed type hypersensitivity reactions, when injected intradermally. Margination with of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) along the endothelium as well as increased PMN infiltration was evident after 4 h. In contrast to other inflammatory mediators (e.g., C5a, IL-1) reactivity was sustained, with greater numbers of mononuclear cells apparent 24 h after skin testing. Changes in the dermis were evident 4 h after MPIF injection with increased numbers of cells near areas where spaces in the collagen bundles had formed. Dermal thickening was evident after 24 h and collagen fiber structure was disrupted. Extravascular fibrinogen/fibrin was most prominent 24 h after testing. LPS, which induces macrophage procoagulant activity in vitro, did not induce the histopathologic changes evident with MPIF. MPIF was chemotactic for PMN and macrophages in vitro. Chemotactic activity was heat-labile and not due to C5a. Migration was dependent on a concentration gradient, as determined by checkerboard analysis, indicating that MPIF promoted chemotaxis rather than chemokinesis. Experiments reported here suggest that MPIF is an important mediator of fibrin deposition and cellular infiltration characteristic of cell mediated immune response. PMID- 3171175 TI - Capacity of tumor necrosis factor to bind and penetrate membranes is pH dependent. AB - Studies with human U937 cells as targets established that a 15-min exposure to rTNF at pH 5.3 caused a significant increase in TNF-mediated cytolysis when compared to cells exposed to TNF at pH 7.4. A detailed examination of TNF membrane interactions revealed that although TNF bound avidly to model membrane targets, no damage was generated under any condition tested. Binding of TNF, monitored with 125I-labeled as well as unlabeled protein, was enhanced at low pH. In the pH range tested (i.e., 4 to 8), target membrane permeability actually decreased in the presence of TNF. This membrane stabilization may be a consequence of TNF insertion into the target bilayer, a process we detected through use of an intramembranous photolabeling assay; interestingly, the efficiency of TNF insertion into membranes increased dramatically with decreasing pH. We conclude that native TNF does not cause pore formation directly and that its ability to induce cell lysis, as monitored by 51Cr release, is a consequence of some as yet obscure signaling event or intracellular activity. Parallel studies were carried out with diphtheria toxin, a protein with a more thoroughly characterized pH-dependent intoxification pathway. This toxin displayed acid enhanced activities with both biologic and artificial targets. PMID- 3171177 TI - Differential recognition of Leishmania aethiopica antigens by lymphocytes from patients with local and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. Evidence for antigen induced immune suppression. AB - Data are presented to suggest that differential Ag expression by parasites derived from diffuse (DCL) vs local (LCL) cutaneous leishmaniasis patients may be responsible for the Ag-specific anergy seen in DCL patients. The evidence suggests that promastigotes derived from DCL patients express epitopes which preferentially stimulate suppressor activities in DCL patients. These determinants appear to be expressed less, if at all by promastigotes derived from LCL patients. The Ag-specific suppression or nonresponsiveness which dominates the immune response in DCL patients during an active infection can be abrogated by drug treatment or removal of live DCL parasites, which suggests that Ag induced regulatory cells, probably of T cell lineage, are most likely responsible for the nonresponsiveness seen in untreated DCL patients. Thus the mechanisms of immune regulation operating in this disease differ from that of lepromatous leprosy where the specific unresponsiveness (anergy) is irreversible even after successful treatment. PMID- 3171176 TI - Mutant monoclonal antibodies with select alteration in complement activation ability. Impact on immune complex functions in vivo. AB - Mutagenesis of mAb is a useful means for studying the biologic and pathologic functions of immune complexes. Treatment of the Hy-1.2 hybridoma-producing IgG2a anti-TNP antibodies with ethylmethanesulfonate provided us with a mutant clone, producing antibodies with reduced capacity for C activation. The antibodies retained normal Ag-binding capacity, staphylococcal protein A reactivity, and association to FcR for IgG on murine macrophages. No significant polypeptide deletion or class-switch was observed, but a significant change in clonotype was revealed by IEF. Intravenous injection of the mutant antibodies in immune complex form induced different tissue distributions of Ag in mice; i.e., more in kidneys and less in spleen, and developed more mesangial deposits in renal glomeruli compared with those of the wild type. Moreover, the production of granulomatous lesions in vivo caused by immune complexes of TNP-Sepharose was augmented by using mutant antibodies. These lesions demonstrated an enhanced accumulation of macrophages with multinucleated giant cells. Availability of this kind of mutant mAb is thus helpful in the elucidation of the biologic functions and consequences of immune complexes. PMID- 3171178 TI - Suppressor cell-inducing factor: a new lymphokine secreted by a natural suppressor cell line with natural cytotoxic activity. I. Purification to apparent homogeneity and initial characterization of suppressor cell-inducing factor. AB - The lymphokine suppressor cell-inducing factor (SIF), obtained from 15 liters of serum-free culture supernatants of the natural suppressor cell line, M1-A5, has been purified to apparent homogeneity by a combination of gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, and reverse-phase-HPLC. Purity of SIF was assessed by the migration of the factor as a single band on SDS-PAGE, and the elution from reverse-phase-HPLC column as a single and sharp peak. SIF activity was retained after both procedures. Two protein factors with SIF activity were isolated from M1-A5 culture supernatants. The first protein factor (SIF alpha) had a Mr of 43 kDa, and the second protein factor (SIF beta) had a Mr of 6 kDa. Final purification of SIF alpha yielded 5 micrograms protein with specific activity of 4 x 10(6) U/mg protein. Final purification of SIF beta yielded 40 micrograms protein with specific activity of 7.5 x 10(7) U/mg protein. The relationship between SIF alpha and SIF beta, as well as the relationship with other suppressor factors, will be addressed. PMID- 3171179 TI - Role of lymphokine-activated killer cells as mediators of veto and natural suppression. AB - Fresh bone marrow cells have veto activity but little if any NK activity. By contrast, lymphokine-activated bone marrow cells have potent natural suppressor as well as veto activity, and also have cytolytic activity characteristic of lymphokine-activated killer cells. Veto activity of fresh bone marrow cells is eliminated by 9 Gy irradiation and by depletion of cells expressing Qa-2, but is unaffected by removal of cells expressing Thy-1, Qa-5, Ly-5, or asialo GM1. By contrast, the veto and NS activities of lymphokine-activated bone marrow cells are both abrogated by C lysis depletion of cells expressing Qa-2, Qa-5, Thy-1, asialo GM1, NK1, and Ly-11, but are unaffected by depletion of cells expressing Ly-2. Bone marrow cells depleted of Qa2+ cells fail to generate veto or natural suppressor activity when cultured in Con A-conditioned medium, unlike bone marrow cells depleted of mature NK1.1+ NK cells. Cloned NK cell line F8 is able to mediate both natural suppression and veto. These findings indicate that bone marrow veto and natural suppression are not mediated by T or NK cells present de novo in the bone marrow, but are dependent on proliferating cells that phenotypically resemble pre-NK cells. The progeny of these cells have the phenotype and functional activity of lymphokine-activated killer cells, and are capable of directly mediating both veto and natural suppression. PMID- 3171181 TI - Differential functional expression of the C8 subunits. Primary role of C8 beta in assembly of intact C8. AB - The eighth component of C (C8) is composed of two subunits C8 beta and C8 alpha gamma, which are non-covalently bound in a 1/1 ratio in the intact molecule. The genes encoding the polypeptide chains composing the subunits demonstrate close genetic linkage. To assess the functional expression of these genes at the protein level, normal human serum and C8-deficient sera were electrophoresed in native polyacrylamide gels following which C8, C8 beta, and C8 alpha-gamma were detected using hemolytic overlays. These experiments demonstrated that normal sera contained free C8 alpha-gamma in addition to intact C8. Free C8 alpha-gamma was not observed when C8 was reconstituted by mixing C8 beta-deficient serum with C8 alpha-gamma-deficient serum in a ratio optimized for C8 activity, suggesting that the free C8 alpha-gamma observed in normal serum was not due to dissociation of intact C8. Inasmuch as this technique did not adequately separate C8 and C8 beta, sera were also examined by anion exchange chromatography. C8 alpha-gamma deficient serum contained C8 beta in a single peak in the 1.4 ms/cm fall through. C8 beta-deficient serum contained a major peak of C8 alpha-gamma at 7.1 ms/cm and a lesser peak coeluting with C9 at 9.5 ms/cm. Normal serum contained both intact C8 eluting between 2.4 to 5.5 ms/cm and C8 alpha-gamma eluting at 7.1 ms/cm. Free C8 beta was not detectable in normal serum indicating that free C8 alpha-gamma was not due to C8 dissociation. Mixing aliquots from the chromatographic peak of C8 beta activity with the peaks of C8 alpha-gamma activity in C8 beta-deficient serum or in normal serum generated intact C8 hemolytic activity. Non-reducing SDS PAGE and Western blotting with anti-C8 confirmed the presence of antigenic material of appropriate m.w. in each peak. These findings demonstrate that serum contains excess C8 alpha-gamma relative to C8 beta, despite the equimolar presence of the subunits in intact C8. Thus the availability of C8 beta determines the quantity of C8 produced. Further, these data suggest the possibility that the C8 structural genes may be differentially expressed despite their close genetic linkage. PMID- 3171180 TI - Tumor necrosis factor can induce both apoptic and necrotic forms of cell lysis. AB - TNF is a protein toxin which is secreted by activated macrophages and monocytes. Although the cytotoxic activity of TNF has been well documented, the mechanism of TNF-induced lysis is not well understood. The goal of this investigation was to determine whether TNF caused one of the classic forms of cell death, i.e., apoptosis, which is characterized by nuclear disintegration and cytoplasmic "boiling," or necrosis, which is characterized by the formation of a "balloon like" plasma membrane and a lack of nuclear disintegration. Therefore, to distinguish apoptosis from necrosis, we have used time-lapse video microscopy to observe the death of several TNF-sensitive target cell lines while measuring the release of Na2(51)CrO4 and [3H]TdR from cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments, respectively. As targets we selected two spontaneously sensitive cell lines, F17 and L-M, and one resistant cell line, C3HA, which was sensitized by treatment with cycloheximide or by infection with the adeno-SV40 hybrid virus Ad2+ND2. We find that the type of cell death observed depends on the cell being tested. For example, in F17 cells we found that TNF treatment induced a classical form of apoptosis. In contrast, TNF induced a necrotic form of cell death in L-M cells, similar to the lysis induced by antibody and C. Finally, we found that sensitized C3HA cells displayed a novel cytolytic phenotype which resembled apoptosis but did not include DNA fragmentation. These results emphasize the complex nature of the TNF-induced cytotoxic response. PMID- 3171182 TI - In vivo modulation of myelopoiesis by prostaglandin E2. IV. Prostaglandin E2 induction of myelopoietic inhibitory activity. AB - Conditioned medium (CM) prepared from bone marrow (BM) or spleen (SPL) cells from mice injected with PGE2 in doses ranging from 0.0001 to 10 micrograms was found to contain an activity inhibitory to the proliferation of granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells (CFU-GM). This activity was found in medium conditioned for 24 to 48 h, but was not present in medium conditioned for longer time intervals. BM cells from PGE2-treated mice incubated over a concentration range of 0.1 to 1.0 x 10(6) cells/ml and SPL cells over a range of 1.0 to 10 x 10(6) cells/ml produced CM with equivalent degrees of inhibition for CFU-GM proliferation. Titration of this activity revealed a significant inhibitory effect still present at a 1/256 dilution. Inhibitory activity was similar whether or not CM was prepared in the presence or absence of FCS. Inhibition of CFU-GM development was approximately equal in the presence of either PWM SPL CM or L cell CM as sources of CSF activity. Morphologic analysis of CFU-GM revealed an equivalent inhibition of monocyte, monocyte-neutrophil, and neutrophil CFU-GM by the PGE2-stimulated inhibitory activity. Equivalent picogram amounts of PGE were measured in CM derived from BM or SPL cells from either control or PGE2-treated mice, indicating a low probability that injected PGE2 was carried over in the CM and contributed to CFU-GM inhibition. Protease digestion of BM or SPL cell CM from PGE2-treated mice revealed a loss of inhibitory activity after trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase, and neuraminidase treatment. Inhibitory activity was also ablated by heat treatment at 56 degrees C for 30 min and 100 degrees C for 5 min. Acrylamide agarose gel filtration of BM CM revealed an active inhibitory fraction in the Mr range of 5.5 to 8.0 kDa. The results of the present study suggest that one of the mechanisms by which PGE2 exerts its in vivo myelopoietic inhibitory action may be by stimulating the production of an inhibitory factor or factors from BM and SPL cells. PMID- 3171183 TI - Effect of endogenous and synthetic sex steroids on the clearance of antibody coated cells. AB - Steroid hormones may influence the clinical expression of immunologic disease; however, their mechanism of action is uncertain. By using an experimental model, we studied the effect of sex steroids on the clearance of antibody-coated cells by macrophages in the spleen and liver. Progesterone significantly inhibited the clearance of IgG-coated E by splenic macrophages, whereas no effect was observed on the clearance of heat-altered E. This effect of progesterone was observed at serum concentrations which are attained during human pregnancy and the menstrual cycle. Furthermore, when splenic macrophages were isolated from progesterone treated animals, they expressed decreased Fc gamma R activity. In addition, structural analogs of progesterone which have diminished glucocorticoid and progesterone activity retained this effect on macrophage Fc gamma R. In contrast, the estrogens estradiol and estriol as well as a structural estrogen analog with minimal estrogenic activity, 1,3,5(10)-estratrien-3,16 beta-diol, enhanced splenic macrophage Fc gamma R-dependent clearance. This action of estradiol could be partially inhibited by the antiestrogen tamoxifen. However, estradiol did not affect the C3-dependent clearance of IgM-coated E by hepatic macrophages. Concurrent administration of estradiol and progesterone demonstrated that the action of estradiol was predominant. These studies indicate that sex steroids alter splenic macrophage Fc gamma R function in vivo. This result may explain the alteration of disease activity in some human immunologic disorders during changes in hormonal state. Furthermore, analogs of progesterone and estrogen, as well as antiestrogens, which minimally affect the sex organs, retain the ability to alter splenic macrophage Fc gamma R function. PMID- 3171184 TI - Monoclonal antipeptide antibodies as tools to dissect closely related gene products. A model using peptides encoded by the calcitonin gene. AB - We have explored the possibility of using mAb as tools for distinguishing between closely related gene products. We utilized calcitonin (CT) gene products as a model, because this 32-amino-acid-amidated hormone is biosynthesized by post translational processing of a larger precursor. By using CT as a hapten, we had previously identified a mAb (CT07) with restricted specificity to mature CT, and had shown that another mAb (CT08) directed to a different epitope bound to both CT and the CT precursor. In this study, we used synthetic peptides analogous to various regions of biosynthetic intermediates of CT as haptens, and generated a library of mAb which define distinct epitopes. First, we identified two separate epitopes located in either the 1-11 or the 12-21 region of the C-terminal flanking peptide of CT (katacalcin, KC), and which were recognized by mAb KC01 and KC04, respectively. Second, we identified a conformational epitope in the C terminal region of the putative glycine-extended form of CT (CT-Gly). This epitope was recognized by mAb CT19 and was shared by mature CT but not by CT precursors. Third, we identified an epitope restricted to CT-Gly and recognized by mAb CT20. For dissecting between related products of the CT gene, we designed different monoclonal immunoradiometric assays (m-IRMA) based on CT08 as the radiolabeled indicator antibody. A first m-IRMA based on CT07 as the capture antibody specifically recognized mature CT and did not cross-react with CT precursors. Conversely, another m-IRMA with KC01 as the capture antibody was specific for CT precursors and did not cross-react with either mature CT or CT Gly. A third assay based on CT20 as the capture mAb was specific for CT-Gly and was not affected by the presence of either CT precursors or mature CT. We also used these antibodies to demonstrate that neoplastic C cells incompletely released processed CT precursors in serum, in addition to mature CT. This study demonstrates that mAb can be used as tools to selectively recognize closely related gene products. These findings might be applied to the study of other molecules biosynthesized by enzymatic modifications of a larger precursor. PMID- 3171186 TI - Purification of radioiodinated gastrin by DEAE Sephadex chromatography. PMID- 3171185 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the determination of contaminants resulting from the immunoaffinity purification of recombinant proteins. AB - Two immunoassays have been developed for the quantitation of part-per-million levels of contaminants likely to co-purify with monoclonal antibodies produced in tissue culture and purified by protein A affinity chromatography. These contaminants are bovine IgG originating from the fetal bovine serum used in cell culture, and protein A. Mouse IgG was shown not to interfere in the bovine IgG assay, where contamination levels of 0.2-0.7% bovine IgG were measured in the lots of monoclonal antibody tested. The protein A ELISA was developed with monoclonal antibody included in the standard, and in the preparations of monoclonal antibody tested, 64 parts per million (ppm) or less of protein A were demonstrated. An additional immunoassay was developed to quantitate monoclonal antibody contamination of two recombinant proteins, rHBsAg and rgp 120 from HIV, purified by affinity chromatography with such antibodies. Possible interference of monoclonal antibody quantitation by the respective antigens was examined in this ELISA, and contamination levels of less than 56 ppm of antibody were determined in the purified recombinant proteins. The three immunoassays were shown to be specific for the major protein contaminants in either monoclonal antibodies or the recombinant proteins and were necessary in demonstrating their purity. PMID- 3171187 TI - Use of immunoblotting to characterize the mitochondrial antigens recognized by anti-mitochondrial autoantibodies. AB - Sera with anti-mitochondrial autoantibodies detected by indirect immunofluorescence and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were examined by immunoblotting against pig heart mitochondria. Seven types of reactions were defined, according to the pattern of the labelled bands. Type I sera reacted with 12 bands located within four zones. The most intensively labelled bands were located at 70, 67, 58, 63 and 43 kDa. Other types gave decreasing band numbers. When beef heart mitochondria were used, sera belonging to each of the above types had a profile of labelled bands which sometimes differed from those obtained with pig heart mitochondria. When the chloroform extracted F1-ATPase from beef heart mitochondria was used to prepare the immunoblots, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) sera with anti-mitochondria antibodies reacted with all the bands although zone A bands were less labelled. Rat liver mitochondria gave seven bands with type I sera among which the 57 and 35 kDa bands were specific for rat liver mitochondria, as shown by absorption tests. Sera of PBC patients were also tested in immunoblotting against rat liver subcellular fractions including mitoplasts, submitochondrial particles, inner membrane, outer membrane, matrix proteins and inter-membrane proteins. Antigenic bands of A and B zones were localized in the inner membrane and/or in the matrix proteins and the 35 kDa band in inter membrane proteins. The outer membrane gave no reaction. The most frequent anti mitochondrial autoantibody types in PBC were type II, then I, whilst for chronic active hepatitis type III was the most common. Type V was only seen in a patient suffering from a typical PBC. Some sera from patients with syphilis, collagenous colitis or progressive systemic sclerosis labelled one or two bands distinct from those labelled by the PBC sera. Sera from patients with drug-induced hepatitis with endoplasmic reticulum antibodies and with systemic lupus erythematosus were generally found negative by immunoblotting. PMID- 3171188 TI - Transendothelial chemotaxis in vitro of human monocytes. AB - Porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells were grown to confluence on microporous PTFE membranes and incorporated into a two-compartment chemotaxis assembly. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (20-25% monocytes) were placed in the upper compartment and zymosan-activated human serum (ZAHS) as chemoattractant in the lower compartment. Over a 3 h period monocytes migrated across the endothelialized membrane and adhered to a collecting filter sited in the lower compartment. Addition of ZAHS to the cell suspension in the upper compartment virtually abolished the migration response whilst only minimal leucocyte migration was supported by the bare unendothelialized PTFE membrane. The extent of transendothelial monocyte chemotaxis was dependent upon the concentration of chemoattractant in the lower compartment and upon the cell density of the suspension containing monocytes. A confluency test of fluid flow across the endothelialized filter showed that monocyte migration could take place without disturbing endothelial barrier function. The culture system is easy to assemble and the method provides experimental versatility. PMID- 3171189 TI - Jacalin, the human IgA1 and IgD precipitating lectin, also binds IgA2 of both allotypes. AB - The lectin jacalin from jackfruit seeds shows a human IgA-subclass specificity by gel precipitation and Western blotting. However, its reactivity with IgA2 is a matter of controversy. We further studied the immunoglobulin isotype specificity of jacalin by affinity chromatography with myeloma sera and by inhibition of jacalin binding to solid-phase IgA1 by purified monoclonal immunoglobulins. The lectin proved to bind IgA2 of both allotypes with a lower apparent affinity than for IgA1 and IgD. PMID- 3171190 TI - Data compression: 8-dimensional flow cytometric data processing with 28K addressable computer memory. AB - A method of data analysis for flow cytometry is presented which enables up to eight-dimensional data to be handled by a microcomputer with 28K addressable plus a further 32K non-addressable memory. The multi-parameter coordinates are coded into single numbers using a minimal modification of the array vector mapping equation. These code numbers, each of which corresponds to a given set of coordinates, and then ranked in ascending order according to magnitude and the frequency of each code number is found. Following this step the code is then decoded by integer arithmetic into its original coordinates which are then packed, together with the frequency, into two, three or four 16-bit words depending on the dimensionality of the data set. A five-dimensional data set is used as the illustration. Three regions were set on one two-dimensional data space and the five mono-dimensional histograms, plus a different bivariate distribution, were extracted in a single pass through the processed data file. In addition to considerable space saving the technique has two further attributes, namely, increased speed with which the user can appreciate multiparameter data and the ability to analyse such data sets with a microcomputer. PMID- 3171192 TI - Does secretory component (SC) exist as free SC in human serum? PMID- 3171191 TI - Serine proteinase esterolytic activity as an assay of cytotoxic reactions. AB - A method for assessing cytotoxicity in cell-mediated cytolysis as well as in reactions of natural killing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity through assaying the total esterolytic activity of serine proteinases (TEASP) is both sensitive and specific. TEASP levels in all cytotoxic tests correlated with the percentage of lysis of 51Cr-labelled target cells. The method permits the differential assessment of endoproteases in both the effector cell and the target cell. PMID- 3171193 TI - Free secretory component in human serum. PMID- 3171194 TI - Extended liquid nitrogen storage of erythrocytes coated with purified monoclonal proteins for Gm allotyping. PMID- 3171195 TI - Old rupture of the uterus. PMID- 3171196 TI - Congenital neuroblastoma. PMID- 3171197 TI - Marfanoid hypermobility syndrome. PMID- 3171198 TI - Secondary tumours in testis and epididymis. PMID- 3171199 TI - Medical college exclusively for doctors' wards. PMID- 3171201 TI - Diarrhoeal diseases in children. PMID- 3171200 TI - Ethambutol-induced ocular toxicity. PMID- 3171202 TI - Hypocholesterolaemia in cases of nephrotic syndrome with secondary amyloidosis. PMID- 3171203 TI - Steroids in bronchial asthma. PMID- 3171204 TI - Health for all--all for health. PMID- 3171205 TI - Intravenous terbutaline and aminophylline in bronchial asthma. PMID- 3171206 TI - Effect on intrathecal pentazocine on postoperative pain relief. PMID- 3171207 TI - Evaluation of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of head and neck masses. PMID- 3171209 TI - Presidential address: 63rd All-India Medical Conference: Indore: 1987. PMID- 3171208 TI - Sex ratio of live births in a service hospital at Gauhati. PMID- 3171210 TI - Dog bite cases and its management. PMID- 3171211 TI - New techniques for the grafting of cultured human epidermal cells onto athymic animals. AB - Cultures of human epidermal cells may be used to generate epidermis on athymic recipients. We describe two novel techniques for grafting such cultures. Both techniques permit the generation of typical human epidermis within 7 d. Both techniques result in less graft contraction than conventional grafting, and there is no difficulty in distinguishing the human epidermis generated by the graft from the epidermis of the recipient animal. Starting with a single human biopsy, epidermis may be generated on a great many experimental animals; such grafts should therefore provide uniform material for investigation of the properties of human epidermis. PMID- 3171212 TI - Action of penetration enhancers on human skin as assessed by the permeation of model drugs 5-fluorouracil and estradiol. I. Infinite dose technique. AB - We have conducted permeation studies to assess the effectiveness of accelerants Azone, oleic acid (OA), decylmethyl sulfoxide (DCMS) and propylene glycol (PG) in promoting the absorption through human skin of model drugs 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and estradiol (ES). Drug permeation from saturated aqueous solutions was monitored before and after accelerant treatment (applied in aqueous and PG vehicles). With ES, the study was repeated with 50% ethanol/water as donor and receptor phases instead of water. Two percent Azone in PG promoted 5FU absorption by almost 100-fold, but 3% Azone with 0.1% Tween 20 in normal saline demonstrated only an eightfold effect. Five percent OA in PG was moderately successful, but 4% aqueous DCMS enhanced 5FU permeation 35-fold initially, but rapidly fell to fourfold. PG itself was ineffective. The accelerants were much less effective in promoting ES absorption; only 5% OA in PG enhanced steroid permeation by more than tenfold, but this fell with time to threefold due to washout of accelerant (ethanol/water system). The experimental conditions utilized fully hydrated stratum corneum with permeants in saturated solutions; under these already optimized conditions for permeation, accelerants were only marginally effective in enhancing the delivery of the relatively non-polar drug ES. Polar drug delivery, as exemplified by 5FU, could still be increased markedly. Azone was considerably more effective when used in conjunction with PG compared to an aqueous vehicle; thus PG itself may play an accelerating role. The 5FU results indicated that Azone and OA remained in the tissue for a long period, but DCMS was rapidly removed by washout. PMID- 3171213 TI - Transiently increased insulin-like growth factor. I. Immunoreactivity in UVB irradiated mouse skin. AB - UVB-irradiation during 3 d for 90, 180, and 180 sec, respectively, at a daily dose of 0.1 and 0.2 joule/cm2, respectively, induced slight inflammatory reactions in the mouse ear. The insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) immunoreactivity, normally demonstrable only in scattered basal epidermal cells, rapidly increased in intensity and frequency in the epidermis. After 3 d of UVB irradiation almost all epidermal cells were outlined by IGF-I immunoreactivity in their plasma membrane. The Langerhans cells expressed intense IGF-I immunoreactivity throughout their cytoplasm. The elevated IGF-I immunoreactivity ceased after 5-7 d and was normalized in 3 weeks. The number of Ia positive epithelial Langerhans cells did not seem to be affected by UVB irradiation. It is concluded that the increased IGF-I immunoreactivity is likely to reflect formation of the trophic peptide IGF-I, most evidently by Langerhans cells, in early events of the inflammatory, reactive response of the skin to UVB irradiation. PMID- 3171214 TI - Induction of dermal and subcutaneous inflammation by recombinant cachectin/tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha) in the mouse. AB - The ability of cachectin/tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha) to induce acute dermal and subcutaneous inflammation was examined in a murine model. A number of other proteins, and diluent alone were examined as controls. After subcutaneous injection into the mouse footpad, recombinant human TNF alpha (rHuTNF alpha) induced acute inflammation with an initial marked dermal and subcutaneous neutrophil infiltrate by approximately 3 h, with a peak between 4 and 24 h and resolution by 79 h. Recombinant interleukin-2, cytochrome c, and heat-inactivated rHuTNF alpha induced negligible inflammation. Recombinant human lymphotoxin (TNF beta), another control protein, also induced acute inflammation in our system. Because TNF alpha and TFN beta are partially homologous, they may be acting through a similar mechanism. This pro-inflammatory effect of TNF alpha may result from chemotactic activity as well as by induction of secondary mediators. Inflammation induced by TNF alpha was partially suppressed by indomethacin treatment, suggesting that products of the cyclo-oxyganase pathway may mediate a portion of the inflammation involved. Five daily injections of rHuTNF alpha into the mouse footpad resulted in a predominantly mononuclear infiltrate and focal fibrosis. These results suggest that TNF alpha may be an important mediator of acute inflammation in vivo and might provide a signal for the production of collagen. PMID- 3171215 TI - In vivo studies on the involvement of urokinase in pemphigus acantholysis. PMID- 3171216 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic approaches. PMID- 3171217 TI - Abstracts for the 18th annual meeting of the European Society for Dermatologic Research. Munich, Federal Republic of Germany, June 19-22, 1988. PMID- 3171218 TI - Synergistic antiandrogenic effects of topical combinations of 5 alpha-reductase and androgen receptor inhibitors in the hamster sebaceous glands. AB - The androgenic action of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is antagonized by agents that compete with testosterone for the 5 alpha-reductase enzyme and by agents that block the binding of DHT to its receptor. The topical synergistic effect of 5 alpha-reductase (5 alpha RI) and androgen receptor inhibitors (ARI) was determined by measurement of the sebaceous gland size (SGS) of the ventral ear skin of the intact, sexually mature male Syrian hamsters. Progesterone (P), a 5 alpha RI, and spironolactone (SL), an ARI, produced a dose responsive decrease in SGS at topical concentrations of 0.01% to 5.0%. At concentrations of 1, 3, and 5%, P and SL combinations produced neither an additive nor synergistic inhibition of SGS. At very low concentrations of up to 0.10%, neither P nor SL alone produced any effect on SGS. When combinations of these two steroids were applied at low concentrations, SGS decreased unilaterally to approximately 50%. This synergy occurred best at a P:SL ratio of 1:2. The lower effective concentrations of P may be explained by its greater percutaneous absorption. Synergy was also demonstrated at low concentrations with other antiandrogens: cyproterone acetate, canrenone, hydroxyflutamide, and N-N-diethyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5 alpha androstane- 17 beta-carboxamide. The use of anti-androgen combinations at low concentrations is of value because of the decreased risk of systemic side effects while maintaining potent topical efficacy. PMID- 3171219 TI - Comparison of the effects of moist and dry conditions on dermal repair. AB - The effects on dermal repair of moist conditions, achieved by covering excised wounds with the adhesive polyurethane dressing OPSITE, and dry conditions, achieved by exposure to air through dry gauze dressings, were compared in full thickness excised wounds on porcine skin during the period from 1 to 21 d after injury. Quantitative studies were made of changes in the populations of neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. The number of inflammatory phase cells (neutrophils and macrophages) decreased more rapidly under moist conditions than under dry conditions. There was also a more rapid increase in the number of proliferative phase cells (fibroblasts and endothelial cells) in the moist wounds; by 5 d after injury 66% of the cells of the granulation tissue of the moist wounds were of this type, compared with only 48% of the cells of equivalent areas of the dry wounds. By 21 d after injury the number of fibroblasts in the granulation tissue of the moist wounds had fallen below that in the dry wounds, suggesting that progress from the proliferative into the remodelling phase of repair was more rapid in the moist wounds. It was concluded that there was an acceleration of the inflammatory and proliferative phases of dermal repair in wounds healing under moist conditions when compared with those healing under dry conditions. PMID- 3171220 TI - The time course of UVB and UVC erythema. AB - The time course of ultraviolet erythema was measured using six different exposure doses of UVC and UVB radiation in each of eight adult subjects. The intensity of erythema was measured by reflectance spectrophotometry at 4, 8, 24, 36, and 48 h after irradiation. In five subjects there was no significant difference between the form of the UVB and UVC erythema time-course. In three subjects a significant difference was observed, but this was random rather than systematic between subjects. The results do not confirm the previously reported major differences in time course between the two qualities of radiation. PMID- 3171221 TI - Cloning of full-length elastin cDNAs from a human skin fibroblast recombinant cDNA library: further elucidation of alternative splicing utilizing exon-specific oligonucleotides. AB - A human cDNA library was constructed utilizing RNA isolated from cultured skin fibroblasts. Recombinant clones containing elastin sequences were identified by plaque hybridizations with previously characterized human placental elastin cDNAs. Seven positive recombinant clones with inserts of approximately 3.2-2.2 kb were isolated. Characterization of the clones by restriction endonuclease analysis and dot-blot hybridizations with exon-specific synthetic oligonucleotides demonstrated considerable variability in the primary nucleotide sequence. Dideoxy nucleotide sequencing confirmed this finding. The variability is most likely a result of alternative splicing of exons from the primary elastin transcripts. The two largest clones contained approximately 1 kb of 3' untranslated sequence and approximately 2.2 kb of translated sequence encoding 730 amino acids. Six amino acids, encoded by exon 12A, have not been previously noted in human elastin cDNAs. In addition, these human skin fibroblast clones contained a 49 bp 5' untranslated sequence. These results demonstrate that there is considerable variability in the processed nucleotide sequence of the elastin mRNAs. These transcripts may code for isoforms of tropoelastin with different biologic properties. PMID- 3171222 TI - Sphingosine inhibits phorbol ester-induced inflammation, ornithine decarboxylase activity, and activation of protein kinase C in mouse skin. AB - Tumor promoting phorbol esters, such as 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), when applied topically to mouse skin cause inflammation and hyperplasia. The major cellular phorbol ester receptor is a calcium and phospholipid dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C (PK-C). PK-C is directly activated by TPA and most of the responses of cells to TPA appear to be mediated by PK-C. This suggests that PK-C may play a key role as a mediator of inflammation and growth in TPA treated mouse skin. Sphingosine has been reported to be a potent inhibitor of PK-C in vitro and in intact leukocytes. We therefore have investigated the effects of sphingosine upon TPA-induced inflammation, hyperplasia, induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and ODC mRNA, and activation of PK-C in mouse skin. The results demonstrate that sphingosine is a potent inhibitor of all of the TPA-induced responses examined. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that PK-C is a major mediator of the phorbol ester response in mouse skin. Furthermore, PK-C inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis. PMID- 3171223 TI - Clinical features of abdominal tuberculosis. AB - The clinical features of 81 cases of abdominal tuberculosis (TB) are presented. The peritoneum was involved in 41 patients, the ileocecal area in 17, the anorectal area in 16, and mesenteric glands in 8. There was one case each involving the liver and sigmoid colon. Most patients were young women. The tuberculin reaction was significant in 83% of patients tested, and 54% had evidence of TB elsewhere. Tuberculous peritonitis was more common in native North American Indians and presented as an acute abdomen, abdominal tumor, or cirrhosis. Asians developed the majority of ileocecal and mesenteric lymph node disease and were frequently diagnosed as having Crohn's disease, appendicitis, or cancer. Anorectal cases presented with fistulae or abscesses and usually had concomitant pulmonary TB. The disease was fatal in five patients (6%), four of whom were diagnosed only after death. One noncompliant patient had a relapse. All other patients were cured after receiving treatment. PMID- 3171224 TI - Fibronectin, fibrinogen, and laminin act as mediators of adherence of clinical staphylococcal isolates to foreign material. AB - Bacterial adherence to polymer surfaces is a required early step in intravenous (iv) device infection. We collected eight strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 19 of coagulase-negative staphylococci from patients with proven iv device bacteremia and studied the role of plasma or connective-tissue proteins in promoting bacterial adherence to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) coverslips. Although only a negligible percentage of organisms adhered to albumin-coated PMMA, surface-bound fibronectin significantly promoted adherence of all isolates. Fibrinogen markedly promoted adherence of all S. aureus strains but of only four coagulase-negative strains. Thus, coagulase-negative staphylococci revealed a marked heterogeneity in adherence to fibrinogen-coated surfaces, a result suggesting the existence of heretofore unknown receptors for fibrinogen. Laminin promoted adherence of staphylococci to a much lower extent. Although strain specific, adherence of clinical staphylococcal isolates to foreign surfaces is significantly increased by fibronectin, fibrinogen, and laminin, an observation suggesting the possible contribution of these proteins to the pathogenesis of iv device infection. PMID- 3171225 TI - Randomized treatment of patients with typhoid fever by using ceftriaxone or chloramphenicol. AB - Sixty-three patients with Salmonella typhi infections were randomly assigned to receive either ceftriaxone iv in single daily doses of 75 mg/kg for children and 3-4 g for adults for seven days or to receive 60 mg of chloramphenicol/kg a day orally or iv in four divided doses until defervescence and then 40 mg/kg a day to complete 14 d. In the ceftriaxone group, one death occurred, and two of seven patients still febrile 11 d after starting treatment were given chloramphenicol. In the chloramphenicol group, one death and one gastrointestinal perforation occurred. The probability of remaining febrile was similar for both groups during the first seven days but was significantly greater for patients receiving ceftriaxone during the 14-d period. Patients in the chloramphenicol group were more likely to be bacteremic on day 3. These results suggest that a seven-day course of once-daily ceftriaxone shows promise as an alternative to 14 d of chloramphenicol for treating typhoid fever. PMID- 3171226 TI - Lyme borreliosis in the Soviet Union: a cooperative US-USSR report. AB - We identified 90 patients with tick-borne erythema migrans in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in areas from the western Baltic Republics to the Maritime Territory on the Pacific Ocean. Symptoms associated with the erythema included fever, malaise and fatigue, headache, myalgias, arthralgias, or regional lymphadenopathy. Within two weeks to four months, 58 (64%) of the patients developed neurological abnormalities, particularly radicular pain, cranial neuritis, or lymphocytic meningitis, and four (4%) patients developed monoarticular or oligoarticular arthritis. We tested the sera from 35 Soviet patients by using an isolate from the United States. The serological data showed elevated IgM and/or IgG antibody titers to Borrelia burgdorferi in 2 of 10 patients with erythema migrans, 15 of 21 with neurological abnormalities, and 2 of 4 with arthritis. Our observations suggest that Lyme borreliosis occurs in diverse areas of the USSR. PMID- 3171227 TI - Hepatitis D virus and human immunodeficiency virus antibodies in parenteral drug abusers who are hepatitis B surface antigen positive. AB - We studied unselected, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive parenteral drug abusers for antibody to hepatitis D virus (anti-HD) and antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The prevalences of anti-HD and antibody to HIV were 67% and 58%, respectively, and there was no association between positivity for these two markers. In a logistic regression model, anti-HD was associated with older age (P = .001), longer duration of drug abuse (P = .045), and the presence of liver disease (P = .002). Antibody to HIV was associated with a younger age (P = .003) and increased serum globulin levels (P less than .001). In patients infected with HIV, the severity of hepatic dysfunction remained correlated with anti-HD. In anti-HD-positive patients, most indices of hepatic dysfunction were similar whether or not antibody to HIV was present, but serum aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly higher in patients with both anti-HD and antibody to HIV. (124 +/- 16 vs. 74 +/- 11, P less than .05). PMID- 3171228 TI - AIDS two months after primary human immunodeficiency virus infection. PMID- 3171229 TI - An imported case of Lassa fever with late appearance of polyserositis. PMID- 3171230 TI - Virulence of a live dengue virus vaccine candidate: a possible new marker of dengue virus attenuation. PMID- 3171231 TI - Ceftriaxone therapy for incubating and early syphilis. PMID- 3171232 TI - Serological markers of human immunodeficiency virus infection in African patients with AIDS: are they different from markers found in patients from other countries? PMID- 3171233 TI - In vitro effectiveness of a combination of zidovudine and ansamycin against human immunodeficiency virus. PMID- 3171234 TI - Adenosine deaminase activity in cerebrospinal fluid: a useful test for meningeal tuberculosis, even in patients with AIDS. PMID- 3171235 TI - Cutaneous cryptococcosis mimicking molluscum contagiosum in a patient with AIDS. PMID- 3171236 TI - Molecular epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum. PMID- 3171237 TI - Cultivation of Borrelia burgdorferi from joint fluid three months after treatment of facial palsy due to Lyme borreliosis. PMID- 3171238 TI - Animal reservoirs of Cryptosporidium spp. and Isospora belli. PMID- 3171239 TI - Requirements on resolution of digital imaging equipment in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. AB - We evaluated the requirements on spatial resolution of digital imaging equipment in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Fifty cinefilms of the heart as the biological object and one film of a lead-ladder-pattern as an objective test were used. The patient films were examined for the visibility of the left ventricular angiogram, coronary arterial tree, coronary artery lesions, branching of septal arteries and the number of septal arteries. All films were viewed three times: with a 625 line TV-system, with a 1249 line TV-system and with a cineprojector. It was found that two application areas with different demands on the spatial and temporal resolution can be distinguished: 1) low spatial resolution and high temporal resolution, e.g. left ventriculography; and 2) high spatial resolution and low temporal resolution, e.g. coronary arteriography. For the diagnostic assessment of the state of the coronary system, the spatial resolution provided by the 1249 line TV-system was sufficient. Exceeding this resolution by using cinefilm quality provided no additional diagnostic information. A frame rate lower than 50 frames per second for coronary arteriography seems possible. PMID- 3171240 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction of myocardial contrast perfusion from biplane cineangiograms by means of linear programming techniques. AB - The assessment of coronary flow reserve from the instantaneous distribution of the contrast agent within the coronary vessels and myocardial muscle at the control state and at maximal flow has been limited by the superimposition of myocardial regions of interest in the two-dimensional images. To overcome these limitations, we are in the process of developing a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique to compute the contrast distribution in cross sections of the myocardial muscle from two orthogonal cineangiograms. To limit the number of feasible solutions in the 3D-reconstruction space, the 3D-geometry of the endo and epicardial boundaries of the myocardium must be determined. For the geometric reconstruction of the epicardium, the centerlines of the left coronary arterial tree are manually or automatically traced in the biplane views. Next, the bifurcations are detected automatically and matched in these two views, allowing a 3D-representation of the coronary tree. Finally, the circumference of the left ventricular myocardium in a selected cross section can be computed from the intersection points of this cross section with the 3D coronary tree using B splines. For the geometric reconstruction of the left ventricular cavity, we envision to apply the elliptical approximation technique using the LV boundaries defined in the two orthogonal views, or by applying more complex 3D reconstruction techniques including densitometry. The actual 3D-reconstruction of the contrast distribution in the myocardium is based on a linear programming technique (Transportation model) using cost coefficient matrices. Such a cost coefficient matrix must contain a maximum amount of a priori information, provided by a computer generated model and updated with actual data from the angiographic views. We have only begun to solve this complex problem. However, based on our first experimental results we expect that the linear programming approach with advanced cost coefficient matrices and computed model will lead to acceptable solutions in the 3D-reconstruction of the myocardial contrast distribution from biplane cineangiograms. PMID- 3171241 TI - Special issue on quantitative coronary angiography. PMID- 3171243 TI - Pharmacokinetics of human recombinant interferon-alpha I after i.v. infusion and im injection in African green monkeys. AB - The pharmacokinetics of recombinant human interferon-alpha I (rHuIFN-alphaI) were studied following a single 3 X 10(6) U/kg dose administered as a 30-min intravenous (iv) infusion and as an intramuscular (im) injection to four African green monkeys using a crossover design. Concentrations of rHuIFN-alpha I in serum were determined by bioassay. Serum rHuIFN-alpha I concentrations declined rapidly following an iv infusion. The elimination half-life ranged from 1.7 to 2.0 h. The volume of distribution at steady state and the total body clearance ranged from 0.42 to 2.4 L/kg and 28 to 233 ml/min, respectively. A protracted absorption profile was seen following im injection, with a highly variable bioavailability ranging from 16 to 680%, compared with the iv infusion. The overall disposition of rHuIFN-alpha I is comparable to that of rHuIFN-alpha A and other IFNs in monkeys. PMID- 3171242 TI - Coronary vasomotor and clinical effects of nifedipine in effort, mixed and Prinzmental angina. AB - Changes induced by nifedipine (10 mg s.l.) in the residual lumen diameter of significant (greater than 50%) coronary lesions were assessed angiographically in 69 patients with effort angina (Group 1), in 22 patients with mixed angina (Group 2), and in 14 patients with Prinzmental angina (Group 3). These changes were related to the clinical response to treatment with the same drug (diary records, exercise testing, Holter monitoring). In Groups 1 and 2 segments of stenotic vessels showed either increase, decrease or no change in diameter with the calcium antagonist; in Group 3 the majority of the vessels showed compliant portions which invariably responded with dilatation. Nifedipine failed to improve cases with exertional (21% unchanged, 19% worsened) and mixed (41% exacerbated) forms; all patients with the Prinzmental form had relief of the anginal episodes. In Group 1, the response to exercise tests were dissociated from the acute vasomotor pattern and the pressure-rate product failed to explain the clinical results. Fifty-two percent of the patients in Group 2 showed significant acute widening of critical stenoses as well as obvious improvement; patients in this group who did worse with treatment had reacted to nifedipine with narrowing of their critical stenoses. These data suggest that: the response to nifedipine of classic effort angina is probably the net result of an interaction of changes in myocardial oxygen consumption and supply; coronary vasomotion has a role in mixed angina and influences of nifedipine may be either favorable or unfavorable; stenotic lesions in the Prinzmental form are quite sensitive to the relaxant action of calcium blockade and this probably represents a background to the highly positive clinical response to treatment. PMID- 3171244 TI - Interferon-beta 2 (BSF-2) mRNA is expressed in human monocytes. AB - We previously have reported the presence of interferon-beta 2 (IFN-beta 2) mRNA in PHA-stimulated human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), as well as in nonstimulated cells, although at a lower level. The IFN-beta 2 cloned from a leukocyte library appeared to be similar to that of the fibroblast IFN-beta 2 gene first described in fibroblasts. To assess the nature of the cell population in which the synthesis of IFN-beta 2 takes place, PBL were fractionated in adherent and nonadherent cells. The antiviral activity of the culture supernatants of adherent cells was characterized as the IFN-beta type by neutralization with polyclonal antibodies raised against purified fibroblast IFN beta 2. IFN-beta 2 mRNA was observed in enriched monocyte populations and accumulated very rapidly, peaking at 2.5 h. RNA extracted from these cultures encoded in a reticulocyte lysate a protein immunoprecipitated by the anti-IFN beta 2 antiserum. In addition, IFN-beta 2 secreted in monocyte supernatants also was immunoprecipitated by the specific antiserum and was able to compete with the fibroblast IFN-beta 2, suggesting a strong similarity between the fibroblast and monocyte proteins. PMID- 3171245 TI - A (2'-5')An-dependent endonuclease: tissue distribution in BALB/c mice and the effects of IFN-beta treatment and anti-IFN-alpha/beta immunoglobulin on the levels of the enzyme. AB - A (2'-5')oligoadenylate-dependent endoribonuclease (RNase L) is an important mediator of the IFN-induced antiviral state. RNase L has been found in several different murine tissues at levels comparable to those previously observed in cultured cells. A basal level of RNase L is present in all tissues assayed. The levels of RNase L in tissues are not significantly increased in mice following treatment with interferon-beta (IFN-beta). The amount of RNase L is, however, decreased in spleen when mice are injected with rabbit antimouse IFN-alpha/beta immunoglobulin. These data suggest that relatively high levels of RNase L may be maintained in tissues by endogenous IFN-alpha/beta production. PMID- 3171246 TI - The long-term stability of recombinant (serine-17) human interferon-beta. AB - Escherichia coli-derived (Serine 17) human interferon-beta (HuIFN-beta SER) was formulated with SDS and placed at multiple isothermal temperatures (-70 degrees C to 37 degrees C). Three stability-indicating test methods (bioassay, SDS-PAGE, RP HPLC) were used to evaluate the long-term stability of this preparation. No change was observed when stored for nearly a year at either -70 degrees C or 4 degrees C. At the elevated temperatures, proteolytic cleavage, noncovalent oligomer formation, and loss of antiviral activity were observed. The absence of a carrier protein makes this stable IFN-beta frozen reference preparation useful as a standard in both biological assays and protein chemical methods of analysis. PMID- 3171247 TI - Formation of filopodia in Trypanosoma congolense by crosslinking the variant surface antigen. AB - Trypanosoma congolense was exposed to various substances binding to the variant surface antigen (VSG). All methods of crosslinking VSG molecules caused the rapid accumulation of ligands along the line of flagellar attachment and their shedding by formation of coat-covered vesicles and filopodia. This phenomenon was observed after treatment of the parasites with concanavalin A (Con A), anti-VSG-IgG plus protein A-gold, attachment of the cells to surfaces coated with poly-L-lysine and Con A and to Formvar films before negative staining. Moreover, trypanosomes aggregated by primary antibodies formed vesicles and filopodia at the points of contact. Those antibodies bound to the remaining cell surface, however, remained distributed uniformly. This indicates that primary antibodies alone do not cause crosslinking of VSG on the surface of T.congolense. PMID- 3171249 TI - Ultrastructure of the flagellar basal body complex of Centipeda periodontii. AB - The morphology and insertion of the flagellar basal body complex into the cell wall of Centipeda periodontii was studied by electron microscopy of both negatively and positively stained specimens. Freshly harvested cells were examined either after treatment with 0.2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 2 min and negatively stained with phosphotungstic acid, or after treatment according to standard electron microscopy procedures that included positive staining. Small numbers of flagella were dislocated from the cell body after treatment with SDS. The flagella demonstrated an unusual basal body structure: five rings were attached to a rod in a three-ringed (distal) and two-ringed (proximal) patterns; ring diameters produced a distinctive hourglass shape. The cell envelope was typical for gram-negative bacteria with a cytoplasmic membrane and an outer membrane separated by a peptidoglycan layer. Basal body length and cell wall width were in general agreement, approximately 29 nm. Cell wall width exceeded dimensions previously reported for Escherichia coli; this was attributed to an unusually thick peptidoglycan layer. PMID- 3171248 TI - Endocytosis and intracellular occurrence of the variant surface glycoprotein in Trypanosoma congolense. AB - Trypanosoma congolense bloodstream forms were examined for binding sites of polyclonal anti-variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) antibodies using immunoelectron microscopy. Besides the surface, the antibodies labeled intracellular vesicles, the tubular membrane system, secondary lysosomes, and the digestive vacuole. Protein A gold (PAG), peroxidase gold (POG), anti-VSG antibodies preincubated with PAG, ferritin, concanavalin A-ferritin, and microperoxidase were examined for their suitability as endocytosis tracers in combination with immunoelectron microscopy. Endocytosis of PAG and POG was most effective and was mediated by vesicles transporting the tracer to secondary lysosomes. Gold particles eventually accumulated in the digestive vacuole. Apparantly only low amounts of VSG were internalized during endocytosis. VSG export from the cell interior to the flagellar pocket was not observed during excessive endocytosis of PAG, whereas after incubation with substances causing the formation of filopodia by binding to the surface coat, VSG-labeled vesicles were present near the flagellar pocket. PMID- 3171250 TI - Ultrastructure of three-dimensionally localized distal nephron segments in superficial cortex of the rat kidney. AB - The ultrastructure of superficial distal nephron segments was analyzed after precise localization of tubule cross sections using computer-assisted three dimensional reconstructions. Five systems of tubules, each with three interconnected distal tubules, were reconstructed and the lengths of the post macula densa segment of the distal straight tubule (DST), the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), the connecting tubule (CNT), and the initial collecting tubule (ICT) were determined. Each cortical collecting duct (CCD) was in continuity with only one tubule in contact with the renal capsule. In three of the five reconstructions, the two nonsubcapsular tubules fused and had a common connection to the subcapsular tubule. The length, between the macula densa (MD) and the confluence, of subcapsular tubules (2.68 +/- 0.15 mm) significantly exceeded the length of tubules not in contact with the renal capsule (2.05 +/- 0.10 mm). This difference was mainly due to a longer ICT in subcapsular tubules. Subcapsular tubules always contacted the renal capsule in the early DCT and often again in the ICT. Cells in the early DCT showed more microvilli on the luminal surface and more infoldings of basolateral membranes than cells in the late DCT. The ultrastructure of intercalated cells (I cells) varied within a range of different manifestations and the ultrastructural variation of I cells was similar in all the analyzed tubule segments. Connecting tubule cells and principal cells were similar in ultrastructure in all tubule segments and cortical levels analyzed. PMID- 3171251 TI - Early association of duodenal contents and blood with acini during experimental pancreatitis. AB - This study was directed toward understanding the mechanism by which the closed duodenal loop induces experimental pancreatitis. Carbon black was introduced into the duodenal lumen as a tracer before formation of the closed loop. Within four hours, the carbon, marking the location of duodenal contents, had passed retrogradely through pancreatic ducts and broken out to localize at the periphery of acini in various regions of the pancreas. In this periacinar location the tracer was mingled with erythrocytes, neutrophils, platelets, and fibrin. Acinar cells were damaged as the mixed duodenal and blood components passed along their base and between cells. It is concluded that acinar cells are involved very early and directly in the initiation of pancreatitis by this method, and not secondary to ductal inflammation. PMID- 3171252 TI - To extract or not to extract in secretin radioimmunoassay? AB - The importance of an ethanol extraction procedure in the radioimmunoassay of plasma secretin was investigated. The extraction step led to a higher assay sensitivity of 0.35 fmol/ml, compared to 5.93 fmol/ml using unextracted samples. The rise of plasma secretin after infusion of a low dose of secretin (1 pmol.kg 1.h-1) in 10 healthy humans was only detected after sample extraction. Higher doses (3 and 9 pmol.kg-1.h-1) resulted in increments of plasma IRS (immunoreactive secretin), which could be recorded both with and without sample extraction. After a steak meal 7 of 10 subjects showed a significant increase of plasma secretin assaying extracted plasma samples. The secretin release occurred in spikes. The mean increase of plasma IRS in this group was 0.6 fmol/ml, the mean maximal secretin release above basal was 2.3 fmol/ml. Without sample extraction, plasma secretin was not significantly changed. We conclude that plasma samples should be extracted in order to detect physiological postprandial secretin release. PMID- 3171253 TI - Changes in zymogen granule membrane and pancreatic juice after supramaximal stimulation with caerulein in the rat. AB - Pancreatic exocrine secretion was stimulated supramaximally with an intravenous infusion of 10 micrograms/kg of body weight of caerulein for 10 min in four rats. Two animals were killed immediately, and two animals 120 min after the cessation of the caerulein infusion. In specimens fixed immediately after the caerulein infusion, there were irregular electron lucent structures that resembled zymogen granules and were associated with bristle-coated membranes, coated pits and coated vesicles. Two hours after the caerulein infusion there were large vacuoles that contained amorphous or membranous material and cell organelles in acinar cells. The HPLC-analysis of pancreatic juice revealed two new peaks after caerulein injection. It was concluded that supramaximal caerulein stimulation prevents normal maturation and discharge of zymogen granules leading to altered membrane recycling of secretory granules in acinar cells and to the appearance of abnormal secretory products in pancreatic juice. The novel ultrastructural findings of this study, the bristle-coated membranes and the coated pits in the membrane of dilated zymogen granules, may be related to the exceedingly high dose of caerulein administered. PMID- 3171254 TI - Transient finite element analysis of thermal methods used to estimate SAR and blood flow in homogeneously and nonhomogeneously perfused tumour models. AB - A two-dimensional time-dependent finite element model was developed to evaluate thermal techniques for estimating blood flow and specific absorption rate (SAR). In these computer simulations, homogeneously and nonhomogeneously perfused tumour models were heated by a 915 MHz interstitial microwave antenna array. Representative blood flow values were assigned within the tumour, and the applied SAR distribution was based on a previously developed antenna theory. SAR values were estimated from the power-on transient temperatures, and blood flow values were estimated from thermal clearance data after power was discontinued. These estimated parameters were then compared to the known 'true' blood flow and SAR values throughout the treatment region. SAR values could be predicted with reasonable accuracy throughout most of the heated region independent of local blood flow. For a homogeneous model, thermal clearance was found to yield reasonably accurate blood flow estimates at high perfusion rates and less accurate estimates at lower perfusion rates. However, for the inhomogeneous model, the blood perfusion estimates were generally poor, and an average blood flow value for the tumour was obtained with little ability to resolve the differences in perfusion between regions. Using temperatures observed early in the cool-down curve resulted in improved spatial resolution, but increased the contribution of thermal conduction to the blood flow estimates. A single time constant exponential thermal decay curve was found to be a necessary but not sufficient condition for reliable blood flow estimates using this technique. PMID- 3171255 TI - The accuracy of temperature measurement from within an interstitial microwave antenna. AB - Temperature measurement from within microwave interstitial antennas is a promising new development for hyperthermia. These antennas could enable the development of multipoint temperature regulation, leading to improved control of temperature distributions and therefore more effective hyperthermia treatments. In the complex environment of an antenna within a plastic catheter, measured temperatures were found to differ from the estimated local tissue temperature by up to 8 degrees C. In the design evaluated in this report the primary source of this error appears to be self-heating distal to the antenna junction, particularly in the outer copper conductor. The magnitude of self-heating is directly proportional to applied microwave power. Catheter wall thickness, tissue perfusion, and longitudinal temperature gradient also influence the measured temperature. PMID- 3171256 TI - Design and test of microwave interstitial applicators with improved longitudinal heating pattern. AB - A microwave applicator for interstitial hyperthermia was designed for use in conjunction with interstitial radiation therapy. Measurements were performed in phantom material and in the hind legs of anaesthetized pigs. In both studies two applicators were inserted in parallel at a distance of 2 cm and to a depth of 6 cm. The temperature distribution produced by two conventional applicators were compared with the temperature distribution produced by two applicators of the new design. Improvement of the heating pattern was found in both phantom and animal studies; the heating pattern produced by the new applicators was shifted towards the tip. This may be of clinical importance as heating can be achieved without applicator penetration through tumour tissue into normal tissue. PMID- 3171257 TI - Total implants for hyperthermia application and thermometry. AB - Tests have been performed in saline phantoms on a 6.78 MHz hyperthermia applicator designed for complete implantation; no conductors would penetrate the skin following the implant procedure. Energy is coupled across the skin from an external to an internal loop antenna: the latter is connected by transmission line to conventional r.f. tissue electrodes which are typically either parallel plates or arrays of cylindrical pins. In phantoms the technique produces deep, localized heating at a selected site without significant hearing at the 'subdermal' receiving antenna near the surface. In addition, the hyperthermia applicator may have potential as an indicator of temperature for the tissue volume at the deep site, since complex impedance at the external antenna is a function of tissue resistivity/temperature at the electrodes. Specifically, temperature at the deep site can be controlled effectively by regulation of the phase angle between voltage and current at the external antenna. A separate passive implantable electromagnetic-reflectance thermometer, energized by external electromagnetic fields, has been designed. This device, also tested in gel and water phantoms, is energized and interrogated by external r.f. fields and tracks a thermocouple to within +/- 0.1 degree C over the range of interest in clinical hyperthermia. The intended application for these devices is repeated, long-term hyperthermic treatment and thermometry of deep-seated malignant tumours following a single invasive procedure. PMID- 3171258 TI - Hyperthermia of mouse lungs: technique and control of critical parameters. AB - A microwave heating technique which combines essential life support, monitoring and heating systems has been developed, and is in use for the investigation of pathophysiological responses of the murine lung to hyperthermia alone and in combination with other therapeutic modalities. The technique enables heating of most of the lung volume to within 1 to 1.5 degrees C of the target temperature. To ensure reproducibility and develop a programmed heating regimen, we have controlled microwave power, coupling of microwave power into the animal and surface temperature as well as respiration frequency, volume and temperature of inspired air and central core temperature. Cardiac function is also monitored via EKG and heart rate. With these controls, and a thermal probe in contact with the lung, we can achieve a given target temperature at a specified microwave power level and maintain that temperature within +/- 0.5 degree C for the desired heating time without surface burns and little or no procedure-related acute lethality. PMID- 3171259 TI - The effects of anaesthetics on cisplatinum-induced toxicity at normal temperatures and during whole-body hyperthermia: the influence of NaCl concentration of the vehicle. AB - The effects of various anaesthetics, including a balanced combination of different anaesthetics (consisting of ketamine, xylazine, and acepromazine), Nembutal, and halothane anaesthesia on DDP-induced renal and intestinal toxicities at 37 degrees C and at 41.5 degrees C were studied using a F344 rat model. The combination anaesthesia decreased the DDP-induced lethality (LD50) and toxic side-effects as evidenced by decreased in BUN and diarrhoea at day 5, whereas nembutal anaesthesia increased DDP-induced toxic side-effects at 37 degrees C. The inhalation anaesthetic halothane had only minor influence on these DDP-induced toxicities. Increasing the NaCl concentration of the DDP vehicle from 0.9 to 1.8 per cent decreased the DDP-induced toxicity both in non-anaesthetized and anaesthetized animals. When applied simultaneously with DDP administration, whole-body hyperthermia (WBH; 120 min at 41.5 degrees C) increased the DDP induced toxicity as indicated by the thermal enhancement ratio of between 2.1 and 2.7 for the LD50 values. With combined WBH + DDP treatment the effect of anaesthetics on DDP-induced toxicities was generally similar to that observed at 37 degrees C. The protective effects of the high NaCl (1.8 vs 0.9 per cent) concentration of the DDP vehicle, however, were minimal under hyperthermic conditions. The data suggest the need for caution in the use of DDP in combination with WBH. PMID- 3171260 TI - Effects of hyperthermia on mouse L cells irradiated with fractionated X-rays. AB - The responses to X-rays and radiosensitizing effects of post-treatments with heat were examined in the cells exposed to different doses of multifractionations. When cells were irradiated with daily doses of 2 Gy the radiation responses changed during multifractionated treatments, giving rise to two components in survival curves. The changes may be due to selective killing of radiosensitive cells or a cell progression through radioresistant phases during multifractionation irradiation as shown in analysis of the cell cycle. However, the survival curves became almost exponential when fractionation was performed with daily doses of 3-4 Gy. Radiosensitization by heat at 43 degrees C for 15 min was detectable in the cells after exposures to fractionated doses of more than 7 Gy with daily doses of 2 Gy, but not after exposures to daily doses of 3-4 Gy. Radiosensitization by heat at 43 degrees C for 30 min was manifest as disappearance of shoulder and increase of the slope in survival curves after irradiation with daily doses of 2 Gy. It was observed as an increase of slope in survival curves when cells were irradiated with daily doses of 3 or 4 Gy. Such differences in the radiosensitization may be due to a difference in the susceptibility to heat among the cells which had been exposed to the different doses and regimens of fractionated irradiation. PMID- 3171262 TI - Thermotolerance kinetics and growth rate changes in the R1H tumour heated at 43 degrees C. AB - R1H rhabdomyosarcomas implanted into the foot of the right hind leg of female WAG/Rij rats were exposed to fractionated hyperthermia at 43 degrees C and the kinetics of thermotolerance and heat-induced growth rate changes were studied. Tumours of anaesthetized animals were exposed to heat by immersing the leg up to the thigh in a water bath. Tumour growth delay (TGD) and tumour volume doubling time were calculated from individual growth curves. After single heating, TGD increased with increasing heating time, the increase being linear for heating times exceeding 60 min. Thermotolerance was induced by a priming heat treatment at 43 degrees C for 60 min and the kinetics of development and decay was studied for fractionation intervals ranging from 4 to 144 h. After 4 h the thermal sensitivity of the tumours was enhanced by about 30 per cent, probably due to the sensitizing effect of heat-induced physiological alterations in the tumour tissue such as suboptimal environmental conditions caused by depressed blood flow. For longer time intervals thermotolerance developed and reached a maximum at 24 h where the thermotolerance ratio was 4.5 +/- 1.5. From 24 to 144 h thermotolerance decayed exponentially with a half-time of 28 +/- 8 h. Heat also affected the growth rate of the treated tumours. After single heat treatments at 43 degrees C for 15-60 min the tumours grew faster than untreated control tumours. This change was statistically significant. After prolonged single heating, growth rate was found to be reduced. Tumour volume doubling time was not detectably changed after fractionated heat treatments. PMID- 3171261 TI - Thermotolerance in human cells of normal and neoplastic origin. AB - Thermotolerance was assayed under controlled conditions in normal and neoplastic human cells with the aim of identifying intrinsic differences in the acquisition of heat resistance. Carcinoma cells from colon (WIDR) and lung (A-549) were compared to fibroblasts (AG-1522) and primary explants of umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in terms of their response to a 20 min heat shock at 45 degrees C. Single cell survival, heat shock protein (HSP) synthesis, and glutathione were studied as common endpoints. Production of HSPs was immediate in normal derived cells, and was evident in neoplastic cells 2 h following heat shock. Maximum translation of 70 and 90 kDa HSPs was observed at 6 h in all cell types and ceased by 24 h. Maximum cell survival peaked 4-24 h after the second heat dose showing a close association with HSP synthesis. Thermotolerance developed rapidly and decayed slowly over the next 5 days in normal and transformed cells. There was no correlation between the development of thermotolerance and endogenous glutathione content in all cells. There is little to distinguish thermotolerance in normal and neoplastic cells when compared on an equal basis as demonstrated here, indicating that therapeutic gain in vivo may be largely dependent on tumour physiology. PMID- 3171263 TI - Heat sensitization of G1 and S phase cells by procaine HCl. II: Toxicity and probability of dividing following treatment. AB - Extended studies of the procaine sensitization of synchronous populations of CHO cells heated in monolayers were performed to help explain the mechanism for this sensitization. Cells were treated with 43.0, 45.5 and 43.0 degrees C + procaine, clonal survival of cells was determined, and time-lapse cinematography was used to monitor the time-dependent morphological changes and division delay of the various populations for up to 72 h following treatment. Procaine sensitized G1 and S phase populations to killing by 43.0 degrees C with thermal enhancement ratios of 7.4 +/- 0.5 and 7.9 +/- 1.1 (mean +/- SE), respectively. The division delays (39.2 +/- 3.5 h) of G1 cells exposed to 45.5 or 43.0 degrees C +/- procaine were longer than those (21.9 +/- 2.3 h) of S phase cells treated to comparable surviving fractions (SF). In these experiments the SF of the G1 populations was 0.50 +/- 0.17 versus 0.33 +/- 0.08 for the S phase populations. G1 populations heated with 43.0 degrees C alone (SF, 0.34 +/- 0.05) had division delays of 19.4 +/- 2.4 h. Colony formation correlated well with both G1 and S phase cells that had regular divisions subsequent to treatments; the heat-induced death of G1 and S phase cells correlated with interphase lysis and irregular divisions (including bipolar divisions yielding micronucleated progeny). Deaths due to both categories of lesions are increased by treatment with procaine; however, death due to interphase lysis is enhanced more by procaine. In summary, procaine HCl sensitized G1 and S phase cells comparably to killing by 43.0 degrees C. PMID- 3171264 TI - Perturbations due to the use of catheters with non-perturbing thermometry probes. AB - Perturbations due to the use of catheters with non-perturbing thermometry probes were investigated in static phantom at 915 MHz. Fibre optic probes for the Luxtron and Clini-Therm thermometry systems, and Vitek probes for the BSD hyperthermia systems, were inserted in closed-end catheters at depths up to 2 cm in the phantom and exposed parallel to the E-field. The probes alone produced 0 12 per cent changes in heating and catheters alone were 0-20 per cent. When the probes were inserted in catheters, perturbations were 0-12 per cent at the surface and 1 cm depth, and 5-15 per cent at 2 cm depth. Even with non-perturbing probes it is important to place catheters perpendicular to the E-field during microwave hyperthermia. PMID- 3171265 TI - [Effect of medical vagotomy on the CDDP induced nausea and vomiting evaluated by the chemotherapy-vomiting time (CV time)]. AB - Twenty-eight patients with gynecologic malignancies receiving combination chemotherapy containing cisplatin (80 mg/m2) entered into a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of medical vagotomy for acute cisplatin-induced emesis. Medical vagotomy consisted of 0.5 mg of atropine and 50 mg of hexamethonium bromide, and was injected three times at two hour intervals intramuscularly. A good antiemetic effect (no emesis during the 24 hours after cisplatin administration) was obtained in 40% (6/15) of patients with medical vagotomy but in 0% (0/13) in controlled cases. The time free of vomiting after cisplatin injection (CV time) was statistically prolonged in patients with medical vagotomy (805 +/- 563 min.) when compared with controlled cases (148 +/- 70 min.) (p less than 0.01). Toxicities with medical vagotomy were slight; mild hypotension and dimness of vision only. Individual differences in responding to medical vagotomy were investigated by the acetaminophen method, which showed that high and low responded cases were among these tested patients who had undergone medical vagotomy. In conclusion, medical vagotomy has an excellent antiemetic effect on acute cisplatin-induced emesis without notable side effects. If combined with other antiemetics, a much better antiemetic effect can be expected. PMID- 3171266 TI - [Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia of inadequately breast-fed infants and the effect of formula supplementation]. AB - One hundred and fifty full-term breast-fed infants were analysed for their oral intake in the first 6 days. Fifty infants with less than 330 ml/kg/6 days breast feeding were defined as inadequately breast-fed infants. Twenty inadequately breast-fed infants without formula supplementation had significantly lower total fluid intake, lower total calorie intake, more body weight loss and significantly higher rates of hyperbilirubinemia and requirement of phototherapy when compared with the control group of 100 infants with more than 330 ml/kg/6 days breast feeding. On the other hand, 30 inadequately breast-fed infants with formula supplementation had significantly higher total fluid intake, higher total calorie intake, lower body weight loss and requirement of phototherapy than those without formula supplementation. From these data, we suggest that (1) Inadequate feeding may be a factor responsible for the higher prevalence of early neonatal jaundice in breast-fed infants reported in the literature. (2) Lower fluid intake, lower calorie intake and greater body weight loss may be associated with the higher incidence of hyperbilirubinemia and requirement of phototherapy. (3) Formula supplementation may be helpful in decreasing the risk of hyperbilirubinemia in inadequately breast-fed infants. PMID- 3171267 TI - [Clinical study of the delivery of very low birth weight infants in Iwate Prefecture]. AB - Over the past 4 years, 119 very low birth weight infants (VLBWI, less than 1,500g) were delivered at Iwate Medical University. We analysed clinical background of mothers and prognosis of neonates. The objective of this study was to upgrade our perinatal care tailored to regional demand. The following results were obtained. 1. Maternal transport was necessary in 90.7% of the mothers. Preterm Premature Rupture of the Membranes (PPROM) was present in 38.8% of them. 2. The percentage of mothers with a cervical dilatation of more than 4cm was significantly higher in mothers without PPROM than in those with PPROM. 3. Delivery occurred within 24 hours in 86.8% of mothers without PPROM who had a cervical dilatation of more than 4cm. 4. The percentage of cesarean sections was 16.5%. 5. Death in the neonatal period occurred in 10.8% of VLBWI, 20% of extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI, less than 1,000g), and 42.8% of infants weighing less than 750g. 6. There was no significant difference in the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) between infants with cephalic presentation and infants with breech presentation, or between infants delivered vaginally and infants delivered by cesarean section. The incidence of IVH was significantly higher in infants weighing less than 1,000g than in those weighing 1,000g or more. 7. The neonatal death nate and the incidence of IVH were significantly higher in infants weighing less than 750g than in those weighing 1,000g or more. 8. The incidences of pneumonia and sepsis were significantly higher in infants with PPROM than those without PPROM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171268 TI - [The course of pregnancy in patients with cardiac disease]. AB - The outcome of 240 pregnancies in 202 patients with cardiac disease, who delivered between Jan. 1982 and Dec. 1987 at the National Cardiovascular Center was analyzed. Ninety-six patients had congenital heart disease. Forty-two had acquired valvular heart disease, 83 had cardiac arrhythmia, 7 had aortitis syndrome, 7 had cardiomyopathy and 2 had secondary angina pectoris. There was one case of each of the following cardiac diseases: Primary pulmonary hypertension, Marfan's syndrome and pericarditis. Nineteen of the above lapsed into congestive heart failure and there were two cases of maternal death. One was a case of primary pulmonary hypertension and the other had had an aortic valve replaced with a Bjork-Shiley prosthesis because of rheumatic valve disease. Another 16 mothers had artificial preterm delivery at a gestational age of 30 weeks to 36 weeks to reduce the risk of congestive heart failure. There were 5 cases of IUFD, three of which were attributed to maternal cardiac disease and another to fetal failure. Neonatal congenital heart disease was found in 8 cases. The percentage of IUGR, excepting twin pregnancies, was 14.8%. PMID- 3171269 TI - [Changes in N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity in the maternal plasma and utero-placental tissues during normal pregnancy and parturition]. AB - In the ripening of the uterine cervix during parturition, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the cervical extracellular matrix has been reported to undergo drastic changes i.e. the increase in hyaluronic acid, and the decrease in dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG; EC3.2.1.30), one of marker enzymes of lysosome, may also degrade extracellular GAG in the uterine cervix. This study is undertaken to determine if NAG plays a role in the ripening of the cervix during parturition. The maternal plasma were collected from 252 women with normal pregnancy (5-41 weeks gestation). Amnion, chorion and parietal decidua were obtained from 20 patients at more than 36 gestational weeks who had undergone cesarean section (CS) prior to labor, and from 24 who had undergone CS after the onset of labor. NAG activity in the maternal plasma gradually increased with the advance of gestation, and increased drastically after the onset of labor. The activity in the amnion and decidua, but not in the chorion, decreased significantly in the women who had undergone CS after the onset of labor compared with those who had undergone CS prior to labor. It is concluded that NAG is released into the maternal circulation from lysosomes in amnion and decidua, and it is also estimated that NAG plays a role in the ripening of the uterine cervix during parturition by degrading GAG in the cervical extracellular matrix. PMID- 3171270 TI - [Ultrastructural observations of follicular oocytes inseminated in vitro in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)]. AB - The ultrastructure of squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) follicular oocytes inseminated in vitro was studied at the Endocrine Research Center of Michigan State University in the United States. Adult female squirrel monkeys were induced to ovulate with FSH-hCG, followed by laparoscopy 16 hours after hCG to collect ovarian follicular oocytes. A total of 45 oocytes were inseminated 21 hours after recovery by adding sperm collected by electroejaculation, followed by insemination culture for 24 hours. Inseminated oocytes were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Only three (6.7%) of inseminated oocytes were judged to be fertilized morphologically, but no sperm remnant was found in the cytoplasm of the oocytes. Fifteen (33.3%) had reached the second metaphase stage. As a whole, the maturation rate was 40%. Ultrastructurally, acrosome reacted sperm were observed in the cumulus cell layer, confirming the occurrence of sperm capacitation in the in vitro culture system. Cortical granules were seen throughout the cytoplasm of the germinal vesicle oocyte, especially in the vicinity of the Golgi complexes, suggesting the possibility that cortical granules originate from Golgi complexes. Metaphase chromosome, first polar body and cortical granules were observed at the second metaphase oocyte. Of three oocytes judged to be fertilized, one oocyte contained six pronucleus-like structures and another oocyte contained a pronucleus supposing fusion of two pronuclei (syngamy). But the ultrastructural morphology of a normal appearing fertilized oocyte could not be obtained. The possible cause of the low fertilization rate in the present study is supposed to be the poor follicular response and the prematurity of the cytoplasm due to repeated administrations of exogenous gonadotropins. PMID- 3171271 TI - [Establishment and characterization of three endometrial cancer cell lines from the same patient]. AB - In order to determine some important cytological behavioral characteristics of endometrial cancer, I tried to establish endometrial cancer cell lines. Three endometrial cancer cell lines (KKNS-1, KKNS-2, KKNS-3) derived from the same patient have been established and successfully maintained in vitro for more than one year. The cells formed a monolayer in a mosaic fashion and pile up. Pathological findings for the tumor induced in athymic nude mice were: KKNS-1 was undifferentiated, KKNS-2 was differentiated and KKNS-3 was undifferentiated. Population doubling time was calculated to be about 35(KKNS-1), 60(KKNS-2), and 28(KKNS-3) hours. The modal chromosomal number for the cells fell in the diploid range. Estrogen receptor was demonstrated only in KKNS-2 by the ER-EIA and ER-ICA methods. HLA-expression was demonstrated, HLA-ABC was positive in all three lines and HLA-DR was positive only in KKNS-2. Anticancer drug sensitivity was demonstrated only in KKNS-3. Hormone sensitivity was demonstrated only in KKNS-2. We must therefore carefully treat endometrial cancer patients with anticancer drug or hormonal therapy whose pathological findings are heterogeneous. PMID- 3171272 TI - Establishment and characterization of three new human gestational choriocarcinoma cell lines. AB - Three gestational choriocarcinoma cell lines (NaUCC-1, -2, and -3) were established by transplanting tumors taken from three human choriocarcinoma patients to nude mice. Anti-nude mouse rabbit serum was used to eliminate the contamination by mouse interstitial cells. Microscopically, NaUCC-1 and -2 contained few endoplasmic reticula (ER) and many ribosomes, were rich in polysomes, and showed homogenous morphology, while NaUCC-3 contained many ER and lipid-like granules, and showed variations in size. In chromosome analysis, NaUCC 1, -2 and -3 were found to be mostly hypertetraploid, hyperdiploid and hypertriploid respectively. The in vitro doubling time was close in all three lines, ranging from 20 to 25 hours. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was produced in each cell line, with the largest amount being NaUCC-3. The supernatant of each cell line contained progesterone and estrogen but not human placental lactogen (hPL). Thus, these choriocarcinoma cell lines were found to differ a little from one another. PMID- 3171273 TI - Appreciation for malignancy on ovarian neoplasm by monoclonal antibody of BrdUrd. PMID- 3171274 TI - [Senile syndrome--a proposal of a new concept]. PMID- 3171275 TI - [Percutaneous nephrostomy of postrenal failure due to locally advanced uterine cervical cancer]. PMID- 3171276 TI - [Monozygotic twins discordant for sex]. PMID- 3171277 TI - [Conservative treatment of Achilles tendon rupture]. AB - One hundred patients with Achilles tendon rupture subjected to conservative treatment were studied clinically and radiologically. Follow-up studies lasted from 6 months to 6 years with the average of 3 years and 2 months. Ninety-eight percent of all patients were evaluated as excellent or good clinically. According to the distribution of sole pressure measured by foot print, the distribution of weight-bearing area was observed on the first toe at 6 months after initial treatment the same as on the normal side. In computed radiograms, the shadow of the rupture site of Achilles tendon has become clear and similar to those on the normal side at 6 months after initial treatment. These findings could be used as a criterion for permitting patients to resume sports activity. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that a fresh Achilles tendon rupture should be treated conservatively. PMID- 3171278 TI - [Force plate analysis of ascending and descending stairs]. AB - Six characteristic points including maximal and minimal points of the vertical components, and antero-posterior components were determined by digitalization of floor reaction curves in ascending and descending stairs. In cases with hip or knee disorders, lengthening of phases of the characteristic points were observed in ascending stairs, while shortening of phases were seen in descending stairs. The maximum of vertical forces on affected legs decreased in ascending and descending stairs. In cases with hip disorders, characteristic points of sound legs in early stance phase were different from those of normal subjects. In cases with knee disorders, increase in vertical forces during mid-stance phase was observed. PMID- 3171279 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on free toe-joint transplantation to replace a finger joint by microvascular technic]. AB - Major vascular pattern of the toe joints was investigated with template and transparent specimens in ten lower limbs of five Japanese monkeys and seven adult human amputated lower limbs. This led to the conclusion that the metatarsal artery should be used for toe MP joint grafts, while the unilateral proper digital artery is suitable for toe PIP joint grafts, together with concomitant or dorsal cutaneous vein. Twelve PIP and nine MP joints, a total of twenty-one experimentally grafted monkey toe joints with the above described vascular pedicles were radiologically and functionally in excellent condition after twelve months, whereas twenty-seven experimentally grafted monkey toe joints without vascular pedicles fell into cartilage degeneration after six months. Based on the results obtained from these experimental studies, nine human finger joints, consisting of two CM, four MP and three PIP joints, were replaced with either toe MP or PIP joints. One and half years on average after the grafting, the grafted toe joints were radiologically and functionally normal with growth of the open epiphysis. PMID- 3171280 TI - [A clinical study on intra-operative spinal cord monitoring with spinal evoked potentials for scoliosis]. AB - Spinal cord monitoring with the spinal cord evoked potentials using direct spinal cord stimulation is a safe and reliable method. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of the potential change that is permissible to avoid severe neurological complications. Three hundred and fifty-four patients with spinal disorders were monitored with this method. The peak amplitude of the potential used as an indicator of the spinal cord function was evaluated quantitatively. The amplitude changes of those with neurological complication were compared with those without complication. The results in 135 patients with scoliosis were analyzed. False negative results were obtained in two patients who had only slight paresthesia. In the patients with normal spinal cord function, up to 50% reduction of the amplitude was permissible. Spinal monitoring is also useful in the improvement of operative technique because it can immediately disclose injury to the cord resulting from surgical misconduct. PMID- 3171281 TI - [An analysis of quadriceps muscle force in boys with Osgood-Schlatter disease]. AB - Osgood-Schlatter disease is thought to be a consequence of microavulsions caused by repeated traction on the tibial tuberosity. For determination of the etiologic factor of this disease, concentric and eccentric force of the quadriceps muscle was measured in the unaffected side and compared with that of normal boys and girls, normal men and women, and patients with cruciate ligament injury of the knee. The relation between the maximum force and its angle velocity was approximated and the ratio of the eccentric force to the concentric force was calculated at 90 deg/sec. In the group with Osgood-Schlatter disease, the eccentric force was especially strong and this group had the highest ratio among all groups. This finding suggests that the increased eccentric force in the extensor mechanism of the knee is an etiologic factor in the disease. PMID- 3171282 TI - [An experimental study on conductive spinal cord action potentials evoked by direct stimulation of the spinal cord--pathway and source of conductive action potentials in the spinal cord]. AB - The following experiments were carried out in adult cats to clarify the pathway and origin of the conductive spinal cord action potential evoked by dorsal epidural stimulation. (1) Comparison with the potential by surface stimulation of the spinal cord: Since waveforms, conduction velocity, and the relationships between the stimulation site and the change in threshold level were equal to those of surface stimulation, epidural stimulation and direct surface stimulation apparently induced the potential deriving from the same origin. (2) Recording of single fiber action potential: The mean conduction velocity of the dorsal column fiber was approximately 50 m/sec and that of the dorsolateral funiculus fiber was about 80 m/sec. 15-20% of potential N1 and 80-85% of potentials N2 and N3 were composed by the dorsal column fibers, whereas 80-85% of N1 and 15-20% of N2 and N3 were composed by the dorsolateral funiculus fibers. PMID- 3171284 TI - [The third annual meeting for the Orthopaedic Research of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Tokyo, September 1 through 2, 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3171283 TI - [Mechanism of calcification of the bones--with special reference to ultrastructural observations]. PMID- 3171285 TI - Surgical audit. PMID- 3171286 TI - The long-term results of closed palmar fasciotomy in the management of Dupuytren's contracture. AB - Twenty-three patients were reviewed an average of 5.3 years after a closed palmar fasciotomy for the correction of Dupuytren's contracture. Results suggest that this procedure is best suited to those whose contracture is mainly at the MP joint and that approximately 55% of such patients can expect the correction to be maintained for at least five years. In those patients with severe deformity affecting the PIP joint in addition to the MP joint, this may be a useful preliminary procedure, but is unlikely to be of any long term benefit. PMID- 3171287 TI - Out-patient surgery for Dupuytren's disease under intravenous regional anaesthesia. AB - During a six-month period, 55 operations for Dupuytren's contracture were performed on an out-patient basis. Intravenous regional anaesthesia was used in all cases, and the skin was closed primarily by Z-plasties. This method, which has not been published earlier, does not allow the surgeon to release the tourniquet before securing haemostasis. It is left to the patients to manage the post-operative elevation. No cases of post-operative haematoma occurred, and recovery of hand function was good in all cases. The method saves resources and is well-tolerated by patients. PMID- 3171288 TI - A simple inexpensive post-operative management regime following surgery for Dupuytren's contracture. AB - A simple regime has been devised for the post-operative management of patients following surgery for Dupuytren's contracture; this includes splintage of the hand for two weeks and active and passive mobilisation by the patient according to precise instructions. Selective help was provided by minimal occupational therapy in 5 of 50 patients. The results of the method were assessed prospectively by subjective criteria and objective assessment by measuring the deformity of the finger joints, lateral and tip pinch and grasp and shear forces. PMID- 3171289 TI - The influence of wrist position on the minimum force required for active movement of the interphalangeal joints. AB - Active and passive muscle tension is discussed in relation to finger flexor and extensor tendons. Minimising active tension required to produce finger movement is seen as an important part of post-operative finger mobilisation following flexor tendon repair in which active movement is used. It is argued that "minimal active tension" in the flexors is equal to, or just exceeds, the passive tension in the extensors. A method of measuring passive tension in finger tendons has been described. In 24 volunteers, it has been used to determine that if the metacarpo-phalangeal joints are held flexed, there is least "minimal active tension" in the flexor tendons when the wrist is splinted in extension. PMID- 3171290 TI - The modified Kleinert splint in zone II flexor tendon injuries. AB - The Kleinert controlled passive mobilisation splint has been modified to increase the passive range of motion of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints to near normal. 12 fingers with complete divisions of both flexor tendons in Zone II treated by this method have been reviewed after six months. Nine regained full motion and two good motion while one, with an associated crush compound fracture of the proximal phalanx, had a poor result. The increased mobilisation did not adversely affect wound healing or associated repair of digital nerves. PMID- 3171292 TI - Functional deficit following loss of continuity of the long extensors of the fingers: a method of assessment. AB - A method for assessing hand function following loss of the long finger extensors in Zones 6 and 7 (Verdan, 1968) is described. It relies on a number of mechanical and functional tests combined with a detailed questionnaire. PMID- 3171291 TI - Post-operative management of flexor tendon grafting. AB - This paper reviews the post-operative management of 145 tendon grafts in 127 patients. 80 grafts were managed post-operatively by a period (three to four weeks) of immobilisation followed by gentle active mobilisation. 65 grafts were managed by immediate controlled mobilisation (Kleinert technique) for three to four weeks. The final motion obtained was independent of the post-operative management. However, the rates of graft rupture (nine against four) and of tenolysis (sixteen against eight) were higher in the immobilised group. PMID- 3171293 TI - Flexor tendon grafting 48 years after injury. AB - Flexor tendon grafting was carried out 48 years after the original injury with a good result. A long delay between injury and grafting does not necessarily prejudice a good result. PMID- 3171294 TI - Elbow flexion contractures: treatment by anterior release and continuous passive motion. AB - We treated three elbows with post-traumatic flexion contractures (mean contracture: 41 degrees) by operative release and post-operative continuous passive motion rehabilitation. Each elbow had been resistant to at least six weeks of conservative therapy. All patients complained of the residual deformity and some functional deficit. All patients, after failure of non-operative therapy, desired operative treatment. At follow-up (mean 12 months), there was a mean post-operative contracture of 5 degrees. Continuous passive motion is recommended as an adjunct to anterior release in patients with resistant elbow flexion contractures. PMID- 3171295 TI - Measurement of forearm rotation: an evaluation of two techniques. AB - In order to assess the reproducibility of two standard techniques of measuring forearm rotational movements, three trained observers used each method on twenty healthy volunteers. Analysis of the result obtained revealed no statistical difference between either method but both were subject to wide variation between observers, amounting to plus or minus 15 degrees for total forearm rotation. Comparison of individual values in forearm rotation should take account of observer error. PMID- 3171296 TI - Mal-union and dysfunction in Colles' fracture. AB - Wrist function was assessed between one and three years after injury in patients who had suffered Colles' fractures. Both the range of wrist flexion and the strength of grip were found to be deficient. The loss of power in gripping was found to correlate with mal-union affecting the coronal and sagittal inclination of the articular surface of the radius. PMID- 3171297 TI - The small AO external fixator in the treatment of unstable distal forearm fractures. AB - Sixteen patients with severely comminuted displaced fractures of the distal radius and ulna, who were treated with a small AO external fixator, have been reviewed at an average of 2.2 years after injury. Removal of the fixator, at an average of 4.9 weeks, was followed by significant alteration in position in some cases. The external fixator should be retained for eight weeks to reduce the risk of loss of position. In those cases with a good or excellent anatomical result on radiological assessment after removal of the fixator, the functional results were good or excellent in 80%. PMID- 3171298 TI - Carpal instability with volar flexion of the proximal row associated with injury to the scapho-trapezial ligament: report of two cases. AB - Volar flexion intercalated segment instability may develop after many different injuries to the skeletal and ligamentous architecture of the wrist. We describe two cases in which the presumed cause of instability was an injury to the extrinsic volar scapho-trapezial ligament complex. PMID- 3171299 TI - Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the carpus: a case report. AB - A patient is described who presented with a painful swelling of the dorsum of the hand which arose from the hamate and proved histologically to be a secondary from a previously resected gastric adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3171300 TI - Rupture of flexor tendons to the little finger due to bony irregularities in the carpal tunnel. AB - Rupture of a finger flexor tendon occurs most commonly in the patient with rheumatoid arthritis. We have treated two patients who suffered rupture of the flexor tendons to the little finger due to bony irregularities in the carpal tunnel unrelated to rheumatoid disease. Each irregularity was removed and the rough surface covered with a portion of the flexor retinaculum. This resurfacing affords protection against recurrent abrasion and rupture. Tendon function was restored by suturing the ruptured profundus tendon to the adjacent intact profundus tendon of the ring finger. Satisfactory function of the little finger was achieved in both patients. Neither patient has experienced recurrent rupture. PMID- 3171301 TI - Ulnar fasciocutaneous flap of the wrist. AB - An ulnar fasciocutaneous flap has been developed to provide skin cover of the donor defect after elevating radial forearm flaps and used for that purpose in 55 patients. A case is reported in which the same type of flap was used to cover a traumatic skin defect on the front of the wrist. PMID- 3171303 TI - Radially deviated type of thumb polydactyly. AB - In duplication of the thumb there is sometimes radial deviation of one or both components. Eight such hands have been studied. The findings are described and treatment discussed. PMID- 3171302 TI - Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the extensor tendon sheaths in a child. AB - The first case of diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis originating in the extensor tendon sheaths of the hand in childhood is reported. PMID- 3171304 TI - Intra-articular fracture of the metacarpal head of the locked index finger due to forced passive extension. AB - Two cases of locked index finger causing an intra-articular fracture of the metacarpal head due to forced passive extension are described. We suggest that any manipulation should be gentle and if this is unsuccessful, surgical exploration is necessary. PMID- 3171305 TI - Locking of a metacarpo-phalangeal joint caused by a haemangioma of the volar plate. AB - A case of locking of a metacarpo-phalangeal joint in a 47-year-old woman is reported. Full movement of the joint was restored after excision of a haemangioma which had arisen from the volar plate. Other causes of locking are described and recommendations for treatment are made. PMID- 3171306 TI - A Mycobacterium malmoense infection of the hand presenting as carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - We report an atypical tuberculous infection by Mycobacterium Malmoense of the synovium of the flexor tendons at the wrist presenting as carpal tunnel syndrome. This is the first time this organism has been described in a site other than the lungs or the cervical lymph nodes. PMID- 3171307 TI - Septic arthritis of the hand due to Mycobacterium marinum. AB - Mycobacterium marinum infections of the hand are very rare in the United Kingdom and we found only one case of involvement of deep structures (tenosynovitis) in the British literature. We report a case of septic arthritis due to the organism. PMID- 3171308 TI - Synovial hand infection from Mycobacterium terrae. AB - A case of extensive synovial infection in the hand due to Mycobacterium terrae is described. The infection is resistant to drug therapy but appears to remain localised. PMID- 3171309 TI - Vibrio vulnificus necrotizing fasciitis presenting with compartmental syndrome of the hand. AB - Vibrio vulnificus necrotizing fasciitis is an unusual clinical problem. When it presented as a compartment syndrome, the picture was obscured. We report a rare case of such a presentation. A below-elbow amputation was performed and the patient recovered. PMID- 3171310 TI - A web-saving skin incision for amputation of the third or fourth ray of the hand. AB - We describe a new incision for use in ray amputation. A semi-oval flap of skin from one side of the proximal phalanx of the finger to be amputated is preserved so that when the adjoining finger is transposed to fill the gap, the complete web can also be transposed. This avoids scarring in the web space. PMID- 3171311 TI - Ten year follow-up of congenital fusion of proximal interphalangeal joints treated by flexible implant arthroplasty: a case report. PMID- 3171312 TI - Traumatic aneurysms of two proper digital arteries in the same patient: a case report. AB - Aneurysms in the hand are infrequent and aneurysms of the proper digital arteries are particularly rare, only 11 cases having been reported in the literature. The authors describe the case of a patient operated on for two traumatic false aneurysms of the ulnar digital arteries of the middle and ring fingers. Arterial aneurysms should be carefully evaluated to exclude other lesions such as cysts, abscesses, neuromas. The choice between ligation and resection or reconstruction of the vessel should be based on pre-operative and intra-operative evaluation of circulation. PMID- 3171313 TI - Aneurysm of a common digital artery: resection and vein graft. AB - A 57-year-old woman developed an aneurysm of a common digital artery and its branches, which caused pain from pressure on digital nerves. There was also evidence of median nerve compression at the wrist. Treatment included resection and vein graft connecting three vessels, and carpal tunnel release. Three years later, the graft is patent, and the patient's hand has excellent function with no recurrence of symptoms. PMID- 3171314 TI - Fractures of the distal phalanges. AB - A prospective study of 110 patients with fractures of the distal phalanx indicates that less than one in three patients with such injuries will have recovered after six months. Less than one half of distal phalangeal fractures will have united by then. Factors that carry a poor prognosis include osteolysis of fractured fragments, subungual haematomas and non-union of fractures. PMID- 3171315 TI - Cleaning of bipolar diathermy forceps during operation. PMID- 3171317 TI - Tinel's sign in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. PMID- 3171318 TI - Comparison of the in vitro fertilization rate by human sperm capacitated by multiple-tube swim-up and Percoll gradient centrifugation. AB - Two sperm preparation methods, a multiple-tube swim-up and Percoll-gradient centrifugation, were employed in our human in vitro fertilization program. The fertilization rate of these two sperm preparation methods was compared when they were employed in semen samples of less than 60 million motile sperm/ml. The results described here suggest that both of these methods gave a similar fertilization rate in these semen samples, i.e., 72 +/- 8% for the Percoll gradient centrifugation method and 66 +/- 8% for the multiple-tube swim-up method. PMID- 3171316 TI - A simple and effective suction device for draining hand wounds. PMID- 3171319 TI - Blocking effect of sperm immobilizing antibodies on sperm penetration of human zonae pellucidae. AB - To investigate the mechanism of the blocking effect of sperm immobilizing antibodies on human fertilization, an in vitro zona penetration test was carried out using media containing the IgG fraction extracted from sperm immobilizing antibody-negative or -positive serum. The sperm penetration rate of the test was 100% (6/6) when spermatozoa were treated with the IgG fraction derived from sperm immobilizing antibody-negative serum, whereas it was only 17% (1/6) when spermatozoa were treated with the IgG fraction derived from sperm immobilizing antibody-positive serum. Electron microscopic observation of the sperm immobilizing antibody-negative and -positive serum-treated spermatozoa showed that the number of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa was significantly greater in the sperm immobilizing antibody-negative serum than in the antibody-positive serum. Therefore, it appears that one of the blocking mechanisms of the spermatozoal penetration of the zona pellucida by sperm immobilizing antibodies may be due to inhibition of the acrosome reaction in the spermatozoa. PMID- 3171320 TI - Human follicular fluid: prolactin is biologically active and ovum fertilization correlates with estradiol concentration. AB - The bioactivity of prolactin (PRL) in follicular fluid (FF) obtained from mature preovulatory follicles was measured by the Nb2 lymphoma-cell bioassay and compared with the immunoreactivity as measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA-PRL). There was a good correlation between the two assay systems (P less than 0.01), and when RIA-PRL was more than 25 ng/ml, both assay systems yielded comparable values, with a mean bioassay/RIA ratio of 1.06 +/- 0.03; however, when RIA-PRL was 25 ng/ml or less, a discrepancy between the two assay systems was evident, with a bioassay/RIA ratio of 1.55 +/- 0.15. The estradiol (E2) concentration of FF obtained from follicles that contained oocytes which were subsequently fertilized was greater than that in follicles containing oocytes which were not fertilized: 588 +/- 62 vs 376 +/- 37 ng/ml (P less than 0.01), respectively. No differences were found in bioassay-PRL, RIA-PRL, progesterone (P), and FF volumes between fertilized and unfertilized groups of follicles. FF from mature preovulatory follicles contained greater concentrations of RIA-PRL compared to immature follicles (34.6 +/- 3.1 vs 8.5 +/- 1.6 ng/ml; P less than 0.001). PMID- 3171321 TI - Is the sperm-binding capability of the zona pellucida linked to its surface structure? A scanning electron microscopic study of human in vitro fertilization. AB - The structure of the zona pellucida and the early interactions between human oocytes and spermatozoa were investigated in an in vitro fertilization program. Thirty-five mature (preovulatory) oocytes, 10 immature oocytes lacking a germinal vesicle, and 11 atretic oocytes which had not undergone fertilization at 10-20 hr after insemination were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Observed through employment of these techniques, the zona pellucida showed two basically different patterns: a mesh-like, spongy structure having wide and/or close meshes; and a compact, smooth surface. The smooth-surfaced zona was most commonly seen in the cultured oocytes belonging to the immature and atretic groups. These observations seem to show that the spongy appearance of the zona pellucida is related mainly to oocyte development and maturity. In this study, greater numbers of penetrating spermatozoa were noted on oocytes showing the mesh like zona, in contrast to the presence of a few sperm flattened against its surface or the frank absence of sperm associated with oocytes having the more compact, smooth zona. It is likely that the condensation of the outer aspect of the zona pellucida causes a disorientation of sperm-binding sites, which would probably result in markedly reduced binding and penetration capacity with spermatozoa. These changes might ultimately lead to impairment of in vitro oocyte fertilizability. PMID- 3171322 TI - Mouse embryo quality control for toxicity determination in the Norfolk in vitro fertilization program. AB - Ongoing quality control is necessary as part of the maintenance and improvement of a successful human in vitro fertilization (IVF) program. Using a mouse quality control culture system, several instrument preparation protocols were reevaluated to determine their efficiency in the control or elimination of potential toxicity. Dilute concentrations of urine and endometrial fluid were also tested. Medium rinsed through laparoscope and aspiration needles failed to support embryo development. This effect was reversed in needles that were pretreated with rinses of Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline. Endometrial fluid demonstrated no obvious toxic effect, but urine-exposed embryos arrested in the two-cell state. The importance of periodic evaluation of materials and their pretreatment before use in in vitro fertilization of human oocytes is essential to ensure control of potentially toxic substances. PMID- 3171323 TI - The temporal effects of changes in in vitro fertilization culture media on the one-cell mouse embryo system. AB - The one-cell mouse embryo system has previously been shown to be more sensitive than the two-cell system to mild changes in in vitro fertilization (IVF) culture media. To determine whether this greater sensitivity is related to the developmental stage or to the length of exposure, one-cell embryos were collected and cultured in control media (Ham's F-10, 282 mOsm/liter), in media of altered osmolality (260, 300, and 316 mOsm/liter), or in media containing Cidex diluted 1:100,000. The one-cell embryos were exposed to control or altered media in four patterns: control group--control medium for 96 hr; Group A--altered medium for the first 24 hr followed by control medium for 72 hr; Group B--control medium for the first 24 hr followed by altered medium for 72 hr; and Group C--control medium for the first 24 hr, altered medium for the next 24 hr, and control medium again for 48 hr. The percentage of embryos developing to blastocysts in Group A (exposed to adverse conditions only for the first 24 hr of culture) was significantly lower than in the control group under all conditions studied. In contrast, the percentage of blastocysts developing in Group B was significantly lower than in the control group only in medium of 315 mOsm/liter and was not different from that in controls under the other conditions studied. There was no difference between Group C and the control group. We conclude that the higher sensitivity of the one-cell system is an inherent property of the one-cell stage, as exposure of the embryo during this critical first 24-hr period proved to have the most profound consequences. PMID- 3171324 TI - The effect of fibrin sealant on mouse embryos. AB - It is postulated that ovarian hyperstimulation prior to embryo transfer results in changes in the endometrium which lead to poor adhesive properties of the endometrium. Based on the properties of fibrin sealant which is used in human operative medicine, it is believed that adhesion of embryos to the endometrium during embryo transfer may be encouraged by the addition of fibrin sealant. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the addition of fibrin sealant to a mouse embryo/Ham's F-10 culture medium mixture. There was no statistical difference in the number of blastocysts developing from 138 embryos in standard medium compared with 139 cultured with the addition of fibrin sealant. It is concluded that fibrin sealant is not embryotoxic, and thus following further experimentation its eventual utilization in human in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer programs appears promising. PMID- 3171326 TI - The effect of the incubation temperature on the cleavage rate of mouse embryos in vitro. AB - We have studied the effect of an elevated incubation temperature on the in vitro cleavage rate of one- and two-cell mouse embryos. Two-cell embryos demonstrated a significantly higher rate of cleavage when incubated at 39 degrees C as compared to 37 or 41 degrees C. When recovered at the one-cell stage, the difference in cleavage rate between the groups incubated at 37 and 39 degrees C did not reach significance. While the morphology of the embryos incubated at 37 degrees C did not differ from that of the embryos incubated at 39 degrees C in either group, a significantly higher rate of degeneration was noted in the group of two-cell embryos incubated at 41 degrees C. These findings may apply to the human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer system (IVF-ET), where the existing "lag" between embryo and endometrium could be narrowed if embryo cleavage rates could be accelerated. Further documentation of the normality of these "advanced" embryos is required. PMID- 3171325 TI - Tripling of serum progesterone (P4) and embryonic morphological features in conception and nonconception cycles, after human in vitro fertilization. AB - A series of 26 in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles was studied for changes of serum progesterone levels before and after injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) by a comparison of the number of follicles punctured, number of oocytes recovered, morphological features of oocytes, fertilization rate, cleavage rate, and quality of embryos before their transfer. Subjects were further divided into three groups according to their pregnancy outcome. Five pregnancies were generated and reached the stage of clinical confirmation of live baby delivery or live fetus by ultrasound scanning of the uterine contents. Six patient cycles that had a prolonged luteal phase and beta-hCG levels greater than 40 MIU/ml were described as biochemical pregnancies. Fifteen patient cycles showed no sign of pregnancy. The significant finding of this study is related to the serum progesterone level increase from 20 to 34 hr after hCG injection. The nonpregnancy group yielded a 1.2-fold increase compared with the biochemical pregnancy and pregnancy groups, which had a 3-fold increase. The usage of this multiple effect of progesterone may aid in the prediction of the "high-quality embryo" that might result from a given treatment cycle, indicate the completion of luteinization, the proper timing of hCG to induce final oocyte maturation, and the necessary length of preincubation, and aid in the prediction as to whether or not a pregnancy is likely to result. PMID- 3171327 TI - Purification of water for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether water obtained from the Milli Q water purification system (Millipore, Mississauga, Canada) needed further purification for use in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. We describe a method for maintenance of the Milli-Q system. To assess water quality, alternate batches of culture media were prepared by using either Milli-Q water or Milli-Q water further treated by twice glass distillation. The percentage of mouse two cell embryos that developed to blastocysts and the human in vitro fertilization embryo transfer pregnancy rates were recorded for each batch. There were no significant differences in the parameters examined, indicating that further purification by twice glass distillation is not necessary if the Milli-Q system has been maintained as outlined. PMID- 3171328 TI - Pregnancies following the interval double-transfer technique in an in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer program. AB - In 16 women undergoing IVF-ET, with more than four embryos available, two transfers were performed (24 hr apart), instead of one. The pregnancy rate was 25%, as compared with a pregnancy rate of 6.2% in 16 women having fewer than four embryos available and in whom one conventional transfer was performed. Since in our IVF-ET program, we do not freeze the extra embryos available, the purpose of the double transfer was to use all the embryos available and to improve the chances of finding the "implantation window" open. It is our feeling that multiple transfers may be beneficial to improve the pregnancy rate in an IVF-ET program without freezing facilities. However, a larger controlled clinical trial is necessary, in order to establish the advantages of multiple transfers in terms of pregnancy rate in comparison with the potential disadvantages. PMID- 3171329 TI - In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer at the Assaf Harofe Medical Center, Israel. PMID- 3171330 TI - The effects of topical and general anesthesia on ocular drug levels and intraocular pressure lowering activity of topically applied carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. AB - Treatment with topical anesthetics was reported to increase corneal permeability and improve ocular drug bioavailability. These changes were attributed to the loss of reflex blinking, reduction of tear secretion and appearance of superficial corneal epithelial lesions. A recent report showed that pretreatment with Ophthetic (0.5% proparacaine HCl) (OPH) in pentobarbital-anesthetized rabbits significantly increased the permeability of the lipophobic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) benzolamide (B) and transformed it to a highly active ocular hypotensive drug. This did not affect the permeability and activity of other, more lipophilic, CAI like methazolamide and ethoxzolamide (E). Similar experiments in awake rabbits using other CAI failed to reproduce the finding reported for B. We compared the ocular drug levels and the intraocular pressure lowering (delta IOP) with and without application of Ophthetic prior to 1 drop of 2% suspensions, in groups of anesthetized and conscious albino rabbits. In unanesthetized rabbits pretreatment with Ophthetic, lidocaine or benzalkonium had minimal and insignificant effects on ocular drug levels and delta IOP of B as well as E. On the other hand, Ophthetic or lidocaine pretreatment in anesthetized rabbits led to a highly significant increase in both ocular drug levels and hypotensive activity of B. We conclude that the error introduced by pretreatment with OPH occurs only in the presence of pentobarbital anesthesia and has little relevance to the normal, unanesthetized condition. PMID- 3171331 TI - Topical prostaglandin E2 effects on normal human intraocular pressure. AB - This was a double-masked, randomized, paired comparison with vehicle trial of a topically administered prostaglandin (PG)E2 in healthy human volunteers. A statistically significant decrease of the intraocular pressure in these non glaucomatous volunteers occurred at six hours following one drop of 0.02% solution that persisted to the last measurement of IOP at the 24 hour examination. Significant elevation in the intraocular pressure was present at one and two hours following the eye drop instillation. All volunteers reported transient ocular side effects related to drug administration, including mild eye ache and intermittent photophobia for a duration of 2 to 4 hours. These symptoms were associated with a transient conjunctival vasodilation, but with no evidence of anterior chamber cells and flare or ciliary flush as determined by slit lamp examination. The results of this study suggest that PGE2, or a derivative, may offer a new class of topically effective ocular hypotensive agents useful in lowering the intraocular pressure of glaucoma patients. PMID- 3171332 TI - Timolol binding to bovine ocular melanin in vitro. AB - The binding characteristics of 3H-timolol to bovine iris melanin were determined by using a ligand binding assay. The association and dissociation kinetics were performed using 100 nM 3H-timolol and 0.5 mg/ml melanin at 37 degrees C. The effects of pH, ethanol, 2.5 microM isoxuprine and 1 microM d- and 1-propranolol on 100 nM 3H-timolol binding were also determined. In saturation experiments 3H timolol (from 1.25 nM to 5 microM) was equilibrated with 0.5 mg/ml melanin. The binding was saturable with the binding maximum of about 1 microM timolol/g melanin. The binding of 100 nM 3H-timolol to melanin increased up to 5 hours and amounted 24% of the added radioactivity. The best fit of the association constants was obtained by using a two fit model. The association rate constants were 4.92 x 10(5) M-1 min-1 and 5.95 x 10(6) M-1 min-1. The dissociation was rapid in vitro and uniphasic with a dissociation rate constant of 5.08 x 10(-3) min-1. The pH, ethanol and both enantiomers of propranolol did not appreciably alter the timolol binding, while isoxuprine diminished it. PMID- 3171333 TI - The potential role of adenosine in regulating blood flow in the eye. AB - Blood flow in the eye has shown a remarkable ability to autoregulate regardless of intraocular pressure, perfusion pressure or alterations in arterial pressure. This study investigates the possibility that adenosine may play a role in regulating ocular blood flow. Ocular blood flow was measured using radio-labelled 85Sr microsphere and laser Doppler techniques. When two adenosine uptake inhibitors, dipyridamole and papaverine were injected intravitreally, the ocular blood flow increased in all ocular tissues tested: iris, iris root-ciliary body, retina and choroid. This increase in blood flow was blocked by the addition of the adenosine antagonist, 8-phenyltheophylline. The increase in flow produced by dipyridamole continued for up to an hour after administration. The increase in blood flow in individual ocular tissues does not appear to be due to shunting (ie. redistribution) of flow because total blood flow to the eye increased but the percent total flow to each individual tissue remained near control values. PMID- 3171334 TI - Severe visual loss after a single dose of vincristine in a patient with spinal cord astrocytoma. AB - A case of severe visual loss following a single dose of vincristine is described. The primary pathology was a spinal cord astrocytoma, grade II, with no intracranial extension. Visual loss after a single small dose of vincristine has never been reported. While peripheral neuropathy and cranial nerve involvement is common, optic neuropathy is extremely rare. The literature of vincristine optic nerve toxicity is reviewed. Although differential diagnostic alternatives can be considered in all described cases it is very likely that vincristine does cause severe visual loss in a small number of patients. PMID- 3171335 TI - Allergic blepharoconjunctivitis due to phenylephrine. AB - Acute allergic blepharoconjunctivitis with mucopurulent discharge due to phenylephrine eye drops is reported. The reaction begins 3-4 hours after drug application, persists for 12 hours and regresses gradually within 72 hours. This clinical picture occurs with a phenylephrine concentration as low as 0.1%. Conjunctival biopsy of the inflamed eyes reveals marked infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophiles, without predominance of any of these cells. PMID- 3171336 TI - Range of toxicity of topical cysteamine in rabbit eyes. AB - Cysteamine eye drops in concentrations from 0.1% to 10% were tested in albino rabbits in both short and long-term experiments. Toxicity, consisting of an inflammatory response, was proportional to the cysteamine concentration and absent at concentrations at or below 0.5%. PMID- 3171337 TI - Intraocular penetration of cytosine arabinoside following intravenous administration in primates. AB - Cytosine arabinoside was administered intravenously to three monkeys. Blood, aqueous, and vitreous specimens were collected after 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours. Intraocular and intravenous drug concentrations were comparable at all time points, at levels likely to be effective against human tumors. This study suggests that therapeutic intraocular concentrations of cytosine arabinoside are attained following intravenous administration in primates. PMID- 3171338 TI - Influence of corneal epithelial integrity on the penetration of timolol prodrugs. AB - The interplay of corneal epithelial integrity and prodrug lipophilicity in the corneal penetration of a homologous series of timolol prodrugs was studied. A reversed phase HPLC procedure was used to assay for timolol and its prodrugs. The optimal distribution coefficient for corneal penetration on a logarithmic basis was found to be 2.5, and for two prodrugs of equal lipophilicity the enzymatically labile one was better absorbed. The corneal permeability coefficient of O-acetyl, propionyl, and butyryl timolol was unaffected by deepithelizing the cornea, whereas that of the other prodrugs was reduced. This suggests that these three prodrugs diffused across the corneal epithelium proper as readily as across its basement membrane, which was not removed by the deepithelizing procedure. In contrast to the in vitro results, deepithelizing the cornea did not affect the aqueous humor concentration of timolol at 20 min afforded by any of the prodrugs except the O-propionyl and octanoyl esters. This suggests that factors other than corneal penetration exerted a more important role in affecting the aqueous humor drug concentration when the cornea was deepithelized. PMID- 3171339 TI - Polyvinyl alcohol membrane permeability characteristics of 5-fluorouracil. AB - 5-fluorouracil is a useful new treatment modality in the difficult glaucoma filtering patient. However, its use is attended by a high incidence of complications principally involving the corneal epithelium. The pharmacokinetics of this drug suggest that a sustained release delivery system might avoid many of these problems if it could produce therapeutic levels in the subconjunctival space while avoiding toxic levels in the cornea and other ocular structures. In vitro studies of release rates for polyvinyl alcohol membranes suggest that this material could form the basis of such a delivery system. PMID- 3171340 TI - Transscleral and transcorneal iontophoresis of vancomycin in rabbit eyes. AB - We examined the ability of transscleral and transcorneal iontophoresis to deliver vancomycin into the aqueous humor, the vitreous humor, and the cornea of rabbit eyes. Control eyes receiving subconjunctival injection (25 mg) attained peak aqueous, vitreous, and corneal concentrations (mean +/- S.E.M.) of 14.73 +/- 0.35 mcg/ml (at 4 hours after injection), 1.10 +/- 0.78 mcg/ml (2 hours), and 1167 +/- 63 mcg/g (1 hour), respectively. Eyes receiving transscleral iontophoresis (3.5 mA for 10 minutes) attained significantly higher vitreal levels than controls: 6.33 +/- 0.25 mcg/ml (p less than 0.001; 1 hour), 13.43 +/- 2.32 mcg/ml (p less than 0.01; 2 hours), 11.93 +/- 0.76 mcg/ml (p less than 0.001; 4 hours), 8.40 +/- 0.60 mcg/ml (p less than 0.001; 8 hours). Eyes receiving transcorneal iontophoresis (0.5 mA for 5 minutes) attained earlier and significantly higher aqueous and corneal levels than controls. Aqueous humor levels were 16.20 +/- 3.19 mcg/ml (p less than 0.05; 1 hour) and 20.20 +/- 0.43 mcg/ml (p less than 0.001; 2 hours). Corneal levels were 10799 +/- 755 mcg/g (p less than 0.001; 0.5 hour), 4856 +/- 606 mcg/g (p less than 0.005; 1.0 hour), 2185 +/- 71 mcg/g (p less than 0.001; 2 hours), and 710 +/- 112 mcg/g (p less than 0.025; 4 hours). Corneal endothelial cell counts were decreased by 8.8% (p = 0.08) after transcorneal iontophoresis of vancomycin and 5.4% (p less than 0.02) following Balanced Salt Solution (BSS). However, corneal thickness were not significantly increased by iontophoresis of either vancomycin or BSS. These experiments show that transscleral and transcorneal iontophoresis are efficacious in delivering high concentrations of vancomycin into the aqueous and vitreous humor and the cornea. PMID- 3171341 TI - Systemic delivery of polypeptides with molecular weights of between 300 and 3500 through the eyes. AB - Systemic absorption of polypeptides through eyes has been demonstrated in this study to provide an effective route of peptide administration as an alternate to parenteral administration. TRH at 0.0025% reached a plateau of blood concentration at 0.05 ng/ml in 60 min. and stayed high for at least 4 hrs, thereafter. In contrast, a therapeutic dose of TRH (15 micrograms/70 kg i.v.) could maintain a blood concentration of 0.07 ng/ml. At 1%, TRH reached a plateau of 26 ng/ml in 2 hrs. and persisted in the plateau for 10 hrs. thereafter. At 5%, TRH peaked at 138 ng/ml in 60 min. and then fell gradually to a steady state of 60 ng/ml in 9 hrs from the peak. Addition of peptidase inhibitors (Leu-Leu, 4 mM; Bestatin, 60 microM; and DL-Thiorphan 0.6 microM) did not affect the uptake of TRH into systemic circulation. LHRH showed entirely different kinetic of systemic absorption through eyes. The blood concentration never reached peak or plateau during 12 hrs. of experimental period. The blood concentration of LHRH increased steadily during experiments. With 0.0025%, 1% and 5% of LHRH, they reached final highest blood concentrations of 0.13 ng/ml, 45 ng/ml and 95 ng/ml, respectively. The therapeutic dose of LHRH (15 micrograms/70 kg i.v.) could maintain a blood concentration at 0.25-0.3 ng/ml which was slightly higher than that reached with 0.0025% of LHRH instilled into the eye. Addition of peptidase inhibitor (Leu-Leu, 5 mM) enhanced the absorption of LHRH into systemic circulation slightly but significantly. Glucagon behaved similarly as TRH except that the blood concentration remained high without falling at 5% dose level. These results suggest that topical instillation of peptide drugs into eyes is a workable method for administration of these peptide drugs. PMID- 3171342 TI - Treatment of hypoglycemia with glucagon eye drops. AB - Glucagon is useful in the treatment of insulin-induced hypoglycemia when dextrose tablet, paste, or solution is not available. A prolonged hypoglycemia might lead to irreversible coma. Although injection of glucose or glucagon will correct the hypoglycemia, the patients are usually unable to handle it by themselves in such an occasion. A new method has been developed in this study to administer glucagon through the eyes as eye drops. Glucagon at 0.2% raised the blood glucose effectively to 204 mg % from 104 mg % in 30 min, came down to 116 mg % in 2 hrs, and remained at the same level for the rest of the experiments. In contrast, a therapeutic dose of glucagon (50 micrograms/3 kg i.v.) increased the blood glucose concentration rapidly to reach 235 mg % from 125 mg % at 30 min then reached the bottom at 120 min after the injection. At 1%, glucagon raised the blood glucose concentration to 248 mg % from 103 mg % in 30 min and remained high for another 60 min. It declined gradually to reach 120 mg % in 6 hrs. At 5%, glucagon raised the blood glucose concentration quickly to 276 mg % from 130 mg % in 60 min and remained high for the next 90 min and then declined gradually to reach 160 mg % at the end of 6 hr experiment period. These results suggest that a sufficient amount of glucagon can be absorbed rapidly into systemic circulation to raise blood glucose concentrations. PMID- 3171343 TI - User requirements for data systems in anaesthesia and intensive care. First edition. PMID- 3171344 TI - Quantification of brainstem auditory evoked responses for patient monitoring. AB - A method of quantifying the integrity of the brain stem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) is applied to specific cases in both the ICU and OR to demonstrate its usefulness as an adjunct to peak latency evaluation. This measure is particularly valuable when peak identification is difficult as a result of poor waveform coherence. Examples are included to demonstrate that this method can also give independent information from peak latency. PMID- 3171345 TI - The PDMS as a focal point for distributed patient data. AB - Distributed data links are essential requirements for a successful patient data management system (PDMS). These links funnel clinically needed data into bedside ICU workstations. We have constructed four data links which acquire most of the objective data required for direct patient care. Data from bedside monitors is acquired via a standard HP Signal Distribution Network. Urine volumes and core bladder temperatures are acquired over a link to 20 electronic urimeters. Clinical laboratory data is obtained over an HP General Purpose Data Link (GPDL) to a VAX 11/785 laboratory system. Blood gas data is obtained over a second GPDL link to a DEC 11/23 computer. The ICU staff is notified of incoming lab results with bedside video messages. Combined with automated calculations, these data links eliminate thousands of data entry keystrokes daily and allow the PDMS to serve as the focal point for real-time patient care. PMID- 3171346 TI - Do evoked potentials measure depth of anaesthesia? AB - Somatosensory evoked potentials have been suggested as a possible neurophysiological in of anaesthetic depth. In order to test the usefulness of this technique of monitoring, 8 patients were monitored during balanced anaesthesia. Following induction with a sleep dose of thiopentone, a neuromuscular blocking agent was used and the patients' lungs ventilated with N2O/O2(F1O2 = 0.3). This was supplemented with halothane or fentanyl. Somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded every 10 minutes during surgery, blood pressure and heart rate being recorded at the end of each evoked potential measurement. Induction of anaesthesia was associated with the reduction in SEP amplitude from 4.2 +/- 1.04 micro volts to 1.6 +/- 0.9 micro volts. There was an increase in latency from 19.2 +/- 1.3 msec to 20.0 +/- 1.3 msec to 20.0 +/- 1.5 msec. Recovery from anaesthesia was accompanied by an increase in SEP amplitude pre-induction values. There were no apparent correlations between the changes in evoked potential measures and changes in heart rate or blood pressure. Consistent change in somatosensory evoked potentials (prolonged latency, decreased amplitude) occurred with both narcotic and volatile anaesthetics. There was a recovery of evoked potentials at the end of anaesthesia. This is a promising technique, worthy of further evaluation. PMID- 3171347 TI - Pressure and flow inhomogeneity in the airway during high-frequency ventilation. PMID- 3171348 TI - The ontogeny of clotting factors. PMID- 3171349 TI - Reactive (secondary) amyloid and its protein precursor. PMID- 3171350 TI - Isolation and sequence analysis of amyloid protein AA from a patient with cystic fibrosis. AB - This study represents the first sequence analysis of an amyloid fibril protein from a patient with cystic fibrosis. Although chronic infections are a hallmark of cystic fibrosis, secondary amyloidosis is a rare complication, and during the past 20 years, only 16 cases of amyloidosis in patients with cystic fibrosis have been reported. We examined amyloid fibrils isolated from the spleen of a 25-year old man who had a history of a chronic cough since infancy and a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis at age 6 years. After solubilization in 6 mol/L guanidine and purification by gel filtration, the major component of the amyloid fibrils was a homogeneous 8000 dalton protein that reacted positively with antiserum to human amyloid A (AA) protein. Complete protein sequence analysis was carried out by using the whole protein and fragments obtained by treatment of the protein with cyanogen bromide, lysyl endopeptidase, and carboxypeptidase. The protein contained 76 residues and showed minor heterogeneity when compared with other AA protein sequences. The cystic fibrosis AA protein represents a product of the SAA specific cDNA clone now known to be the alpha-allelic form of SAA1 in which valine is present at position 52 and alanine is at position 57. PMID- 3171351 TI - Characterization of type II alveolar epithelial cells by flow cytometry and fluorescent markers. AB - Type II alveolar epithelial cells play a crucial role in maintaining the structure and functions of pulmonary alveoli. A number of techniques have been described to isolate type II cells for in vitro studies; however, type II cell suspensions isolated by each technique are still contaminated by macrophages or monocytes. The present studies describe the use of flow cytometry to accurately characterize the composition of these cell suspensions. With freshly isolated type II cell suspensions, type II cells could be distinguished from macrophages and monocytes by two methods: (1) the combination of natural fluorescence and orthogonal light scatter, or (2) the use of monoclonal antibodies OX-1 (directed against a common leukocyte antigen present on rat macrophages and monocytes) and PKK-1 (directed against cytokeratin intermediate filaments present in type II cells). With cultured type II cells, the combination of natural fluorescence and orthogonal light scatter did not distinguish between type II cells and macrophages or monocytes; however, the monoclonal antibodies OX-I and PKK-1 continued to distinguish between these cell types. As an example of the use of these techniques, the methods were used to define the sequential expression of class I and II major histocompatibility antigens on both type II cells and on macrophages or monocytes in the same cell preparations. These methods are of potential value in isolating pure populations either of type II cells or of macrophages or monocytes by cell sorting and in accurately identifying the cells present in type II cell suspensions or cultures. PMID- 3171352 TI - Early recovery from heart failure: insights into the pathogenesis of experimental chronic pacing-induced heart failure. AB - Chronic rapid ventricular pacing (250 beats/min) induces severe heart failure in a canine model. To assess the potential for recovery after cessation of pacing, simultaneous hemodynamic and two-dimensional echocardiographic studies were conducted in nine conscious dogs paced to severe heart failure (4.3 +/- 1.7 weeks). Heart failure was characterized by elevated left and right ventricular filling pressures from 9 +/- 3 and 7 +/- 2 mm Hg to 25 +/- 6 and 15 +/- 3 mm Hg (both p less than 0.01), respectively. Left ventricular cross-sectional area (an estimate of preload) and systolic wall stress (an estimate of afterload) increased from 12 +/- 2 cm2 and 119 +/- 23 10(3) dynes/cm2 to 17 +/- 3 cm2 and 210 +/- 46 10(3) dynes/cm2 (both p less than 0.01), respectively. Left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from 54% +/- 7% to 13% +/- 5% (p less than 0.01). When pacing was discontinued to allow resumption of sinus rhythm, left and right ventricular filling pressures declined rapidly at 48 hours after resumption of sinus rhythm, by 36% and 53%, respectively. Ejection fraction doubled, although left ventricular cross-sectional area and wall stress remained elevated at 48 hours. The recovery of systolic function in the absence of major changes in loading conditions suggests that pacing-induced heart failure is mediated by a decrease in left ventricular contractility. Moreover, the persistent dilation of the left ventricle after cessation of pacing suggests that structural remodeling of the left ventricle occurs during the development of pacing-induced heart failure. PMID- 3171354 TI - Demonstration of antigenemia in patients with invasive aspergillosis by biotin streptavidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - A biotin-streptavidin (B-SA) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was designated for the detection of Aspergillus carbohydrate antigens in serum. The sensitivity of the assay was considered to be the lowest concentration showing an absorbance above the mean of the pooled serum samples from normal adults (mean + SD = 0.118 + 0.018) plus 3 SD. This value was 1.6 ng/ml for the ELISA. The upper limit of negativity was determined by adding 0.055 to the absorbance of pooled serum samples from normal adults. The maximum absorbance value in 18 patients with invasive aspergillosis as proven by autopsy was 0.271 + 0.087 (mean + SD). Sixteen patients with invasive aspergillosis showed antigen levels ranging from 2.0 to 17.0 ng/ml. Among 14 patients from whom serum samples were sequentially obtained, 11 showed a progressive increase in concentration in accord with the progression of the infection. Only one serum sample from 42 normal subjects (0.101 + 0.025) showed false positivity for antigens. On the other hand, serum samples from 23 patients with other fungal infections (0.109 + 0.021), 48 hospitalized patients without infections (0.103 + 0.022), and 42 patients with bacterial sepsis (0.117 + 0.022) were negative for antigens. It was found that the sensitivity and specificity were 89% and 99%, respectively. PMID- 3171353 TI - Serum binding and biliary excretion of bilirubin after bilirubin loading in Nagase analbuminemic rats and heterozygous (Jj) Gunn rats. AB - To elucidate the effects of albumin on the handling of serum bilirubin, hepatic metabolism and biliary excretion of bilirubin were examined during intravenous bilirubin infusion in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, Gunn (heterozygous, Jj) rats, and Nagase analbuminemic rats (NARs). Serum bilirubin was primarily bound to a protein fraction with a molecular weight of about 600 x 10(3) or more in NARs. About 39.2% +/- 12.5% of the serum bilirubin during infusion of bilirubin was bound to the same fraction in Gunn rats. Bilirubin was substantially taken up into the liver and excreted into the bile in NARs, suggesting the role of a high molecular protein, probably a lipoprotein, in its blood transport and the hepatic uptake process. In NARs, biliary bilirubin secretion reached the peak between 20 and 40 minutes after the initiation of bilirubin loading and decreased thereafter, whereas it continued to increase in SD rats and in NARs to which albumin was administered 20 minutes after the start of bilirubin loading. Biliary bilirubin fractions before bilirubin loading were similar in SD rats and NARs, whereas an increase in bilirubin monoglucuronide (BMG) and a decrease in bilirubin diglucuronide (BDG) were observed in Gunn rats. After the initiation of bilirubin loading, a decrease in biliary BDG and an increase in BMG and unconjugated bilirubin were observed in all groups of rats. PMID- 3171355 TI - Glutathione disulfide formation occurring during hypoxia and reoxygenation of rat lung. AB - To study changes in glutathione redox status as an indicator of oxidant stress during hypoxia and reoxygenation, we perfused isolated rat lungs with a high or low oxygen perfusate and measured the release of total glutathione and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) into the perfusate. Lungs were perfused for a 20 minute baseline period with a perfusate equilibrated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 and ventilated with a 95% O2 and 5% CO2 gas mixture. Only very low amounts of oxygen were measurable in this hypoxic perfusate. The lungs were then perfused from a second reservoir containing perfusate equilibrated with 95% N2 and 5% CO2 and ventilated with a 95% N2 and 5% CO2 gas mixture. After the period of hypoxia, the lungs were reperfused with the 95% O2 and 5% CO2 equilibrated perfusate and ventilated with a 95% O2 and 5% CO2 gas mixture for the remainder of the experiment. Glutathione was measured in the perfusate serially throughout the experiment, and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was also measured to assess cell membrane rupture during the infusion. GSSG release remained stable in the baseline and hypoxic period but rose significantly in the reoxygenation period, to concentrations approximately two times basal release. Lung tissue concentrations of GSSC also rose in the reoxygenation period. Decreasing lung glutathione reductase activity by pretreating animals with 1,3-bis-2-chloroethyl) 1-nitrosourea (BCNU) increased GSSG release into the perfusate during reoxygenation. We conclude that GSSG formation and release is increased in the lung during the reoxygenation period after lung hypoxia, suggesting the presence of hydroperoxide and free radical metabolism. These data support the hypothesis that alterations in lung metabolism occur during hypoxia that allow free GSSG formation and release during the reintroduction of oxygen. PMID- 3171356 TI - Activation of Hageman factor (factor XII) by bismuth subgallate, a hemostatic agent. AB - Bismuth subgallate is an effective agent in preventing hemorrhage after adenotonsillectomy. The experiments described demonstrate that this may occur through the activation of Hageman factor by this agent. Bismuth subgallate shortened the clotting time of whole blood, an action localized to an effect on the early steps of the intrinsic pathway; bismuth subgallate did not accelerate the thrombin time or prothrombin time of normal plasma, but could be substituted for kaolin as an activator of coagulation in assays of the partial thromboplastin time. The action of bismuth subgallate was localized to an effect on Hageman factor. It did not induce coagulation of plasma samples deficient in any of the recognized factors participating in the intrinsic pathway of thrombin formation, but it shortened the clotting time of plasma deficient in factor VII, a component of the extrinsic pathway. Evidence was obtained that Hageman factor exposed to bismuth subgallate corrected the defect of Hageman factor-deficient plasma and acquired amidolytic properties in the absence of other clotting factors. These studies provide a rationale for the hemostatic properties of bismuth subgallate. PMID- 3171357 TI - Analysis of humoral and phagocytic defenses against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 1 and 3. AB - To better define relationships among pneumococcal anticapsular antibodies, opsonophagocytosis, and in vivo mouse protection, we measured these functions in sera from healthy individuals who had not received pneumococcal vaccine. For serotype 1 pneumococci, the level of antibody measured by radioimmunoassay did not predict mouse protection, as has been noted by others. For some sera, opsonic requirements for antibody and complement could be clearly demonstrated and a strong correlation obtained between concentration of antibody and degree of phagocytic killing. However, for most sera, antibody concentration did not correlate with opsonic activity, as measured by phagocytic bactericidal assay or uptake of radiolabeled bacteria. Sera with high concentrations of anticapsular antibody did not always support in vitro bacterial killing by leukocytes. Conversely, highly opsonic sera did not necessarily have substantial levels of measurable antibody. Moreover, in vitro opsonophagocytic activity failed to predict in vivo protection; sera could be opsonic in vitro but not protective in vivo and vice versa. For serotype 3 pneumococci, antibody concentrations correlated strongly with mouse protective titers, as has been noted by others for type 3. Opsonophagocytosis, as measured by leukocyte bactericidal activity, required both complement and heat-stable substance(s) present in high-antibody sera, presumably antibody. Furthermore, increasing concentrations of serum enhanced phagocytic killing in a fashion that could be correlated with anticapsular antibody content. However, correlation with opsonophagocytosis was not so strong as with mouse protection, and there was no correlation between antibody concentration and opsonization as measured by uptake of radiolabeled bacteria. These observations suggest that opsonophagocytosis (with the definitive end point of bacterial killing) cannot be the standard against which to measure antibody concentrations. Furthermore, host protective mechanisms against pneumococci remain to be clearly defined. Even if opsonization by anticapsular antibody is the primary mechanism, there is need for development of improved functional assays of protection. PMID- 3171359 TI - For the love. PMID- 3171358 TI - Thanks and a clarification on statistical significance. PMID- 3171360 TI - Current shortage of qualified nursing licensees. PMID- 3171361 TI - What's new in cancer therapy. KMA annual meeting. September 26-29, Lexington. Program and abstracts. PMID- 3171362 TI - Pott's disease in Kentucky: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3171363 TI - Speech and language screening of children from birth to 6 years of age. PMID- 3171364 TI - Surgical management of the discharging mastoid cavity. AB - A survey of 67 patients with 74 mastoid cavities has been carried out. During the study period they made a total of 126 cavity/outpatient visits. Thirty-five patients (56 per cent) had discharge from at least one cavity on at least one outpatient visit. At only 5 per cent of visits was the discharge classified as profuse. A retrospective study of 54 mastoid revision operations on 51 patients has been made. Overall 59 per cent of operations resulted in a dry ear. The best results were achieved by carrying out cavity revision combined with a meatoplasty (83 per cent dry ears). Cavity revision alone produced a dry ear in only 57 per cent of cases. The worst results were produced by soft tissue obliteration (33 per cent dry ears). This supplement also presents the early results of a prospective investigation of bone pate obliteration of mastoid cavities. Of the eight cases studied so far, five (63 per cent) have dry ears following surgery. Three of the patients in this group had undergone previous unsuccessful revision surgery using other techniques. Cavity revision with meatoplasty is the technique of choice for most patients, but mastoid obliteration offers potential advantages for younger patients, particularly those wishing to swim. PMID- 3171365 TI - Auditory brain stem responses (ABR) in patients with acute severe closed head injuries. The use of a grading system. AB - ABR were recorded in 68 cases suffering from severe acute closed head injuries. Abnormal recordings were observed in 60 per cent of patients, and the abnormalities ranged from prolongation of the interpeak latency intervals to complete absence of auditory brain stem activity. Based on the results obtained, a grading system was developed and correlated with the neurological outcome. It was concluded that ABR is a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool which can provide valuable information about the function of the brain stem in these patients. Inclusion of ABR studies in the head injury management protocol is strongly recommended. PMID- 3171367 TI - The value of politzerization in the treatment of atelectatic ears. AB - The value of Politzerization as a method of treatment in atelectatic ears and secretory otitis media is controversial. In some places it has been used routinely for decades, in others it has been almost forgotten. A quantitative study of its therapeutic value has been difficult to find. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the therapeutic value of such an 'air douche' in atelectatic ears. Thirteen middle ears with atelectasis were Politzerized daily with air or N2 for up to five consecutive days. Once Politzerized, the atelectasis and retraction pockets disappeared in all the ears examined. However, continuous observation of the Politzerized ears with the surgical microscope revealed that all the ear drums returned swiftly to their retracted position. The time it took for a drum to return to its original place varied from 15 minutes up to a maximum of 335 minutes. Our observations show that even an increased number of Politzerizations did not alter the speed of reappearance of the atelectasis. It would therefore seem that the therapeutic value of Politzerization in atelectatic ears is doubtful. PMID- 3171366 TI - Myringoplasty with three meatal flaps. AB - A preliminary report on a technique of myringoplasty is presented with the idea of minimizing graft rejection, and to combat anterior blunting and lateralization of the graft. The grafts were generally stable and mobile. Out of 200 cases there was only a 2 per cent rate of graft rejection, with no evidence of anterior blunting or lateralization. The hearing improved considerably. The technique is simple and relatively quick. PMID- 3171368 TI - Obliteration of mastoid cavities using bone pate. AB - The authors report on a series of 24 patients in whom open cavity mastoidectomy cavities were obliterated with bone pate. The aim of the procedure is to provide the patients with a dry ear which then also reduces the need for frequent out patient attendances. PMID- 3171369 TI - Prognostic factors in labyrinthectomy. AB - Labyrinthectomy for unilateral Meniere's disease may be complicated by persistent unsteadiness postoperatively. The aim of this study is to identify the unfavourable factors in recovery following labyrinthectomy. Twenty-one patients gave a detailed history and underwent neuro-otological, ophthalmic and cardiovascular examination, as well as psychological and psychiatric assessment. Sedentary occupations, external health locus of control, extraverted personality, and an anxious and/or depressed psychiatric state were associated with poor post operative recovery. These factors therefore should be taken into consideration in the pre-operative assessment and post-operative rehabilitation of labyrinthectomy patients. PMID- 3171370 TI - Nasal mucosal blood flow in patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - Fifty patients with diabetes mellitus of varying duration were divided into two groups according to whether they were on treatment with insulin or not. Nasal mucosal blood flow was investigated and the results were compared with a reference material from healthy subjects, and were also related to the degree of retinopathy. Patients with diabetes mellitus had normal mucosal blood flow. There was no correlation between the duration of diabetes and nasal blood flow, nor was there any correlation between the degree of retinopathy and nasal blood flow. Diabetes mellitus does not seem to be accompanied by changes in blood flow in the nasal mucosa. PMID- 3171371 TI - Local anaesthetic with vasoconstrictor combinations in septal surgery. AB - Local anaesthetic with vasoconstrictor combinations are often used to reduce bleeding and hence improve the operating field in septal surgery. Two commonly used combinations are lignocaine with adrenaline and prilocaine with felypressin (citanest with octapressin). Most surgeons prefer to use lignocaine with adrenaline but because of the risks of cardiac dysrhythmias when used with halothane anaesthetists prefer prilocaine with felypressin. In a trial with lignocaine 2 per cent and adrenaline 1 in 200,000 against prilocaine 3 per cent and felypressin 0.03 international units/ml in 18 patients undergoing septal surgery with local anaesthesia alone there was significantly less blood loss in the lignocaine with adrenaline group, p less than 0.01. The mean blood loss in the adrenaline group was 7.5 ml. and 32.7 ml. with felypressin. Both combinations were equally effective in producing adequate local anaesthesia. It is concluded that lignocaine with adrenaline is superior to prilocaine with felypressin in achieving a dry operating field in septal surgery under local anaesthesia. PMID- 3171372 TI - Septoplasty and/or submucous resection? 5 years nasal septum operations. AB - Information obtained from the case-records and completed questionnaires from 478 patients operated in the 5-year-period 1980 through 1984 with either septoplasty or submucous resection (SMR), has been analysed on an average 31 months after surgery. Two hundred (42 per cent) underwent SMR and 278 (58 per cent) septoplasty. Twenty per cent presented for a clinical follow-up examination. Of the 478 patients, 63 per cent were satisfied. More patients were satisfied with the functional results after septoplasty, which also resulted in fewer and smaller perforations than SMR. Septoplasty ought to replace the latter as the routine procedure. 10 per cent had troublesome crusting independent of the technique used. Change in the external shape of the nose is a minor problem for the patients, and was not regarded as an indication for re-operation. Patients with allergic rhinitis may undergo septal surgery on general lines. PMID- 3171373 TI - The safety and efficacy of intra-nasal ethmoidectomy. AB - Each of the three types of ethmoidectomy: intra-nasal, trans-antral and external, has its supporters and detractors who argue about the efficacy and safety of the procedures. One hundred and five ethmoidectomies for nasal polyps are reviewed retrospectively. Regardless of the approach used, approximately half of these had recurrence of polyps and some patients had several revision operations. There were six complications specific to the surgery. None was serious but most occurred with external ethmoidectomy. The limitations of ethmoidectomy for nasal polyps, the reasons for the good safety record and the best means of training juniors in the procedures are discussed. PMID- 3171374 TI - Post-tonsillectomy analgesia: the use of benzocaine lozenges. AB - Tonsillectomy frequently results in a significant degree of post-operative pain. Conventional management consists of the administration of intra-muscular opiates prior to the commencement of oral analgesia and is often inadequate, producing variable levels of pain relief. One of the recommended uses of benzocaine lozenges is the relief of throat discomfort following tonsillectomy, but there are no clinical trials to support this claim. Therefore, a prospective placebo controlled trial was undertaken to compare the efficacy of benzocaine lozenges (10 mg.) with standard oral analgesia in the management of post-operative pain following tonsillectomy in an adult population. Consecutive patients undergoing elective tonsillectomy were randomised to receive either benzocaine lozenges (10 mg.) or placebo. Intake of supplementary oral analgesia was recorded, and the level of post-operative pain was assessed by use of a visual linear analogue scale. There was no significant difference in analgesic intake or pain severity as measured by linear analogue between the two groups. These results suggest that there is no benefit in administering benzocaine lozenges for the relief of post tonsillectomy pain, and its use in this situation cannot be recommended. PMID- 3171375 TI - Fine needle aspiration of the larynx: a preliminary report. AB - A technique for endoscopic fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the larynx is presented and its use in a preliminary study of twelve patients is discussed. PMID- 3171376 TI - Interest in frozen section examination of margins and lymph nodes in laryngeal surgery. AB - One hundred and one patients presenting with a squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx underwent surgery in our department between January 1980 and May 1985. In most of these patients, nodes were removed from the main lymphatic drainage pathways and subjected to immediate frozen section examination. The results from frozen section examination of the nodes were then compared with those from the surgical specimens of cervical neck dissections performed on the patients according to the classic rules. In addition, margin resections were made and examined by frozen section after removal of the tumour. In the event of a positive finding, these resections were continued until healthy tissue was reached, the specimens being examined in addition by classic methods. Immediate frozen sections enable the margins of the resection to be verified correctly. In our series we were brought to extend the limits of resection in 10 cases out of 68 (15 per cent). It can also be seen that the accuracy of the pathologist's reading of the frozen sections is satisfactory. The overall level of error is three out of 68 (4.5 per cent). All the errors correspond to false negatives. The aim of avoiding neck dissections in the presence of N0, thanks to nodal selection with frozen section, is not attained. We find a 6/61 rate of false negatives for N0-N1 (10 per cent) when we compare the frozen sections of the selected nodes and the neck dissections. This is due to the fact that the surgeon may be led astray by a reactive hyperplastic node whilst other less inflammatory neighbouring nodes are in fact the site of metastasis. PMID- 3171377 TI - Intubation trauma: a comparison of two different endotracheal tubes. AB - In recent years endotracheal tubes with low pressure cuffs have become available with the aim of reducing trauma to the trachea and larynx. This paper uses laryngographic methods to analyse intubation trauma in 20 short to medium term intubations. No difference in laryngeal trauma was found between low pressure, large diameter cuffs when compared to standard cuffs. PMID- 3171378 TI - Cranioplasty with Palacos R in reconstruction of frontal sinus defects. AB - The use of methylmetacrylates has not been widely accepted for the repair of frontal bony defects due to the possibility of secondary infection. The development of a new type of methylmetacrylates into which antibiotics, such as gentamicin, are incorporated has reduced the risk of secondary infection. The surgical technique and the results are illustrated on three patients. Favourable results were obtained in small and in large bony defects and even after previous frontal osteomyelitis. PMID- 3171380 TI - Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the sphenoid sinus. AB - Rhabdomyosarcoma is a diagnostic and therapeutic problem in the management of childhood tumours. A case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma affecting the sphenoid sinus and involving the cavernous sinus is presented. It has become evident that modern combined modality therapy, including surgery when required, radiation and adjuvant multi-drug chemotherapy offers the best chance of survival. PMID- 3171379 TI - Nasal granuloma gravidarum. AB - Nasal granuloma gravidarum is a rare condition that arises exclusively during pregnancy. It usually presents with the non-specific symptoms of nasal bleeding and obstruction though occasionally a patient may notice an intra-nasal mass herself. Three cases of nasal granuloma gravidarum are presented to add to those previously recorded in the literature. Although the aetiology of this condition is unclear, the authors speculate that it probably represents an excessive healing response to some minor trauma sustained in a tissue primed and sensitized by pregnancy. The management of this lesion is discussed and a simple surgical procedure described for its removal. PMID- 3171381 TI - Melanoma metastatic to the head and neck. AB - A 42-year-old man presented with a two-week history of right-sided otalgia, deafness and nocturnal tinnitus. Examination revealed a black mass on the posterior meatal wall. Two years before presentation, he had a malignant melanoma removed from the left hip region. Biopsy of the lesion in the posterior canal wall and another which had developed within two weeks on the anterior wall, confirmed metastatic disease. Treatment with radiotherapy and later chemotherapy were unsuccessful and the patient died 15 months later. PMID- 3171382 TI - Re: "A dual-task investigation of language-spatial lateralization". PMID- 3171383 TI - Responses to the REI. PMID- 3171384 TI - The reductionistic fallacy in learning disabilities: replicating the past by reducing the present. PMID- 3171385 TI - Holistic/constructivist principles of the teaching/learning process: implications for the field of learning disabilities. PMID- 3171386 TI - Reflections on the pragmatics of a paradigm shift. PMID- 3171387 TI - Reductionism, paradigm shifts, and learning disabilities. PMID- 3171389 TI - The measurement of foreign language learning disabilities in college students. PMID- 3171388 TI - A behavioral commentary on Poplin's discussion of reductionistic fallacy and holistic/constructivist principles. PMID- 3171390 TI - Students with learning disabilities in college: the need for a programmatic approach to critical transitions. PMID- 3171391 TI - Communicative competence of children with learning disabilities. PMID- 3171392 TI - An analysis of variables that affect special education placement decisions. PMID- 3171393 TI - Apolipoprotein C-II deficiency: detection of immunoreactive apolipoprotein C-II in the intestinal mucosa of two patients. AB - Recent data suggest that mutant immunoreactive forms of apolipoprotein C-II (apoC II) can be detected in the plasma of patients with the apoC-II deficiency syndrome. We studied the possible presence of apoC-II mutants in the plasma of two patients with apoC-II deficiency by immunological means. The patients were hypertriglyceridemic, and apoC-II was undetectable in plasma as determined by radial immunodiffusion, electroimmunoassay, and immunonephelometry. Furthermore, apoC-II was undetectable either by electrophoresis or by immunoblotting in the plasma of the probands, while apoC-II was present in the plasma of their parents, although at less than half-normal concentration. Immunochemical localization of apoC-II, however, showed that the apoprotein could be detected within the enterocytes obtained from the intestinal mucosa of the patients. From these data we conclude that the patients synthesize apoC-II, at least in the intestine. PMID- 3171394 TI - Regulation of the metabolism of lipid emulsion model lipoproteins by a saturated acyl chain at the 2-position of triacylglycerol. AB - Lipid emulsion particles were prepared by sonicating four different lipid mixtures (triacylglycerol (TAG), 70%; phospholipid, 25%; cholesteryl oleate (CO), 3%; and free cholesterol, 2%), then purified by density gradient ultracentrifugation. For three test mixtures, the TAG contained 50, 75, or 100% 1,3-dioleyl-2-stearylglycerol (OSO) with the remainder being triolein (OOO); 100% triolein in the lipid mixture was used as the control. After intravenous injection of the lipid particles into unanesthetized rats, removal of radioactive TAG fatty acid and CO from plasma was measured for 30 min, then liver and spleen uptakes were measured. When emulsions contained 75% or 100% OSO as TAG, the plasma removal rates of CO were, respectively, 60% or 30% of the rate when the TAG was 100% triolein; smaller recoveries of CO were found in the liver. The clearances of TAG fatty acid did not differ significantly and the recoveries of TAG fatty acid in the organs were not affected by the type of emulsion injected. Remnant particles were derived from donor rats in which uptake was blocked by exclusion of liver and other viscera from the circulation before injection of 100% OOO and 100% OSO emulsions. When injected into recipient intact rats, the removal of remnants from plasma was slower for remnants derived 15 min after injection of 100% OSO emulsions than from 100% OOO emulsions, showing that the slower removal of emulsion CO was due to slower remnant uptake from the plasma with OSO emulsions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171396 TI - Reversible alterations in fatty acid composition of heart muscle membrane phospholipids induced by epinephrine in rats fed different fats. AB - The effect of epinephrine on the fatty acid composition of heart muscle phospholipids was examined in rats fed diets containing 10% by weight of butter, corn oil, or cod liver oil. Repeated administration of epinephrine caused elevation of docosahexaenoic acid in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine and a corresponding decrease in linoleic acid content. Arachidonic acid was increased in phosphatidylcholine and decreased or unaltered in phosphatidylethanolamine. These alterations were qualitatively similar despite different initial levels of fatty acids due to different dietary fats. The initial level of arachidonic acid in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine was more than 50% lower in the rats fed cod liver oil than in rats fed butter and was partially replaced by the (n-3) fatty acids docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid. Dietary corn oil produced less changes in fatty acid composition than cod liver oil compared to the reference diet, 10% butter. The results demonstrate that repeated administration of epinephrine caused significant alterations in fatty acid composition of major phospholipids in heart muscle of rats fed diets enriched with either butter, corn oil, or cod liver oil. PMID- 3171395 TI - Apolipoprotein gene expression in the rabbit: abundance, size, and distribution of apolipoprotein mRNA species in different tissues. AB - We have used human apolipoprotein cDNAs as hybridization probes to study the relative abundance and distribution of apolipoprotein mRNAs in rabbit tissues by RNA blotting analysis. The tissues surveyed included liver, intestine, lung, pancreas, spleen, stomach, skeletal muscle, testis, heart, kidney, adrenal, aorta, and brain. We found that liver is the sole or major site of synthesis of apoA-II, apoA-IV, apoB, apoC-I, apoC-II, apoC-III, and apoE, and the intestine is a major site of synthesis of apoA-I, apoA-IV, and apoB. Minor sites of apolipoprotein mRNA synthesis were as follows: apoA-I, liver and skeletal muscle; apoA-IV, spleen and lung; apoB, kidney; apoC-II and apoC-III, intestine. ApoE mRNA was detected in all tissues surveyed with the exception of skeletal muscle. Sites with moderate apoE mRNA (10% of the liver value) were lung, brain, spleen, stomach, and testis. All rabbit mRNAs had forms with sizes comparable to their human counterparts. In addition, hybridization of hepatic and intestinal RNA with human apoA-IV and apoB probes produced a second hybridization band of approximately 2.4 and 8 kb, respectively. Similarly, hybridization of rabbit intestinal RNA with human apoC-II produced a hybridization band of 1.8 kb. The 8 kb apoB mRNA form may correspond to the apoB-48 mRNA, whereas the apoA-IV- and apoC-II-related mRNA species have not been described previously. This study provides a comprehensive survey of the sites of apolipoprotein gene expression and shows numerous differences in both the abundance and the tissue distribution of several apolipoprotein mRNAs between rabbit and human tissues. These findings and the observation of potentially new apolipoprotein mRNA species are important for our understanding of the cis and trans acting factors that confer tissue specificity as well as factors that regulate the expression of apolipoprotein genes in different mammalian species. PMID- 3171397 TI - Modification of low density lipoproteins by polymorphonuclear cell elastase leads to enhanced uptake by human monocyte-derived macrophages via the low density lipoprotein receptor pathway. AB - In previous studies we reported that polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) elastase cleaves apoB-100 of human plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) into seven or eight large Mr fragments (1, Polacek, D., R.E. Byrne, G.M. Fless, and A.M. Scanu. 1986. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 2057-2063). In the present studies we examined the interaction of native and elastase-digested LDL (ED-LDL) with primary cultures of human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMD-M). For this purpose LDL was digested with purified PMN elastase, re-isolated by ultracentrifugation at d 1.063 g/ml to remove the enzyme, and radiolabeled with 125I. At all LDL concentrations in the medium, the degradation of 125I-labeled ED-LDL was 1.5- to 2.5-fold greater than that of 125I-labeled native LDL, and for both lipoproteins species it was further enhanced by prior incubation of the cells in autologous lipoprotein-deficient serum (ALPDS). ED-LDL incubated with HMD-M in a medium containing [14C]oleate stimulated cholesteryl [14C]oleate formation 2- to 3-fold more than native LDL. In competitive degradation experiments, unlabeled ED-LDL did not inhibit the degradation of 125I-labeled acetylated LDL, whereas it caused a 90% inhibition of the degradation of 125I-labeled native LDL. At 4 degrees C, the binding of both 125I-labeled native and 125I-labeled ED-LDL was specific and of a high affinity. At saturation (Bmax), the binding of 125I-labeled ED-LDL was 2-fold higher (68 ng/mg cell protein) than that of 125I-labeled native LDL (31 ng/mg), with Kd values of 6.5 x 10(-8) M and 2.1 x 10(-8) M, respectively. A possible explanation of the binding data was provided by electrophoretic analyses suggesting that ED LDL was twice the size of native LDL and thus potentially capable of delivering proportionately more cholesterol to the cells. Taken together, the results indicate that 1) digestion of LDL by purified PMN elastase results in a greater mass of ED-LDL (relative to native LDL) being degraded per unit time by HMD-M; 2) uptake of ED-LDL occurs via the LDL receptor; and 3) LDL digested by PMN elastase undergoes a physical change that may be responsible for its unique interactions with HMD-M. We speculate that if this process were to occur in vivo during an inflammatory process, macrophages could acquire excess cholesterol and be transformed into foam cells which are considered to be precursors of the atherosclerotic process. PMID- 3171398 TI - Synthesis and mutagenicity of a ring-A-aromatized bile acid, 3-hydroxy-19-nor 1,3,5(10)-cholatrien-24-oic acid. AB - It has been presumed that ring-A-aromatized bile acids are produced from biliary bile acids by intestinal flora and the acids thus formed participate in the large bowel carcinogenesis. One of these acids is probably 3-hydroxy-19-nor-1,3,5(10) cholatrien-24-oic acid, judged from the literatures. Consequently, this acid was synthesized from previously prepared 3-methoxy-19-nor-1,3,5(10)-cholatrien-24-ol. The phenolic ether was successively oxidized with pyridinium chlorochromate and wet silver oxide to give 3-methoxy-19-nor-1,3,5(10)-cholatrien-24-oic acid in high yield, which, after successive treatments with methanol containing a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid, a combination of aluminum chloride and ethanethiol, and alkali, gave the desired compound in satisfactory yield. The compound was not mutagenic in Salmonella tester strains TA 98 and TA 100, but it increased the mutagenicity of 2-aminoanthracene when both were applied to plates together. When compared with cholic, deoxycholic, and lithocholic acids, the investigated compound exhibited about two to threefold increase of mutagenicity in the latter assay. PMID- 3171399 TI - Hepatic lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism. Report of a conference. PMID- 3171401 TI - Medical research and population control in the USA. PMID- 3171400 TI - Immunomodulatory effect of bovine PTH extract on lymphocyte response to plant mitogens. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were incubated in the presence of various concentrations of bovine parathyroid hormone extract (PTH) or with PTH plus different concentrations of plant mitogens (PHA, Con-A and PWM) to determine whether PTH can modulate lymphocyte proliferation. Lymphocyte proliferation was assessed by 3H-thymidine incorporation into the lymphocytes after a 72-96 h incubation period. After initial inhibition, PTH stimulated lymphocyte proliferation at concentrations of 0.25-0.5 micrograms/0.2 ml and inhibited 3H thymidine uptake at concentrations of greater than 1 microgram/0.2 ml. Similar responses were seen when the lymphocytes were incubated with PTH plus PHA. In contrast, PTH inhibited 3H-thymidine uptake by the lymphocytes when the cells were stimulated with Con-A (0.25-2 micrograms/0.2 ml) and PWM (0.25-2 micrograms/0.2 ml). The suppressive effects of PTH were not due to loss of lymphocyte viability as determined by trypan blue exclusion. It is speculated that the PTH mediated immunomodulatory effect on peripheral blood lymphocytes may be due to PTH itself or to some other factor(s) in the extract. In view of the common embryonic origin of the parathyroid glands and the thymus, the possibility that thymic-like hormones may be involved in the immunomodulatory process cannot be excluded. PMID- 3171402 TI - Studies on the vasoocclusive crisis of sickle cell disease IV. Mechanism of action of pentoxifylline (Trental). AB - Pentoxifylline was shown to prevent sickling induced by deoxygenation of SS genotype blood from sickle cell disease patients. It also prevents development of cell stiffness, based on decreased membrane fluidity. This effect is related to increased red cell ATP content, decreased potassium loss during sickling and decreased attachment of hemoglobin to the red cell membrane during sickling. There was no effect on osmotic fragility or mean corpuscular volume. There was some increase in pH of blood from patients in vasoocclusive crisis of sickle cell disease under the effect of pentoxifylline. The consideration is discussed that pentoxifylline may prevent vasoocclusive crisis, but may not abort an existing process. PMID- 3171403 TI - [Reproducibility of venous occlusion plethysmography. Value of a computerized system of calculation]. AB - The manual interpretation of identical occlusive venous plethysmography curves by different technicians is subject to a wide variation. The object of this study is to verify this state of affairs and to propose an automatic calculation of the different parameters usually used: the percentage volume increase (delta V), the time taken to half empty (t V/2) and the maximal venous outflow (MVO). We compared the variations, due to the operators, in the measurement of the parameters characterising identical curves obtained by occlusive venous plethysmography. Sixty curves from 30 patients, were photocopied and each was measured independently by four different operators. The results were compared with the measurements obtained automatically from a micro-computer connected to the plethysmograph. The measurements of the percentage volume increase and the time taken to half empty differed among the operators and the computer by less than 2%. However, the maximal venous outflow was subject to very large variations amongst the operators (up to 60%). This uncertainty is due to the operators choice of the point on the curve where the tangent is measured. The micro computer, by fixing this point at 0.3 second after releasing the cuff allows a standardisation of this parameter. PMID- 3171404 TI - [Mucocutaneous involvement in Behcet's disease]. AB - The mucocutaneous manifestations of Behcet's disease consist of recurrent buccal aphthous ulcers, mucocutaneous genital aphthous ulcers and cutaneous folliculitis and pseudo-folliculitis, nodular lesions particularly affecting the limbs, which have been recognised more recently. In the absence of any laboratory criteria, mucocutaneous lesions represent a fundamental diagnostic element, as they are almost constant, either right from the onset of the disease or during the course of the disease. Non-specific cutaneous hypersensitivity may also be an important element guiding the diagnosis. These manifestations are due to vasculitis, the fundamental anatomical lesion of Behcet's disease. PMID- 3171405 TI - [Is Behcet's disease associated with characteristic abnormalities of coagulation and fibrinolysis? Apropos of 70 case reports]. AB - The frequency of thrombotic episodes in patients with Behcet's disease prompted us to study their hemostasis. Seventy patients were investigated and 27 of them (38%) had history of venous thrombosis; they were compared to 27 healthy subjects and to 16 hospitalized patients in whom the diagnosis of Behcet disease was ruled out. Fibrinolytic activity after a 10 minute venous occlusion was significantly decreased while fibrinogen, factor VIII and von Willebrand factor was increased as well as the tPA inhibitor (PAI-I): the last 3 proteins are synthetized by the endothelial cell. No significant difference was observed between patients with or without history of thrombosis. Coagulation and fibrinolysis changes observed are not specific of Behcet disease since they were also found in a population of patients without Behcet disease and without history of thrombosis. PMID- 3171407 TI - [Royat's epidemiologic survey of stage II obliterative arteriopathy of the lower limbs. 6-year intermediate results]. PMID- 3171406 TI - [Behcet's disease and vascular surgery]. AB - The role of vascular surgery in Behcet's disease is limited. It is concerned with the two types of lesion, venous and arterial, usually encountered. Indications for surgery in venous thrombosis did not differ from those in ordinary thrombo embolic disease. The multicenter study reported divided arterial lesions into three groups: aneurysmal, occlusive or traumatic (arterial puncture) lesions. While surgery offers satisfactory results in the treatment of aneurysmal or traumatic lesions, the treatment of occlusive lesions is disappointing. Surgery is thus indicated only in patients with an aneurysm, bleeding or severe ischemia. PMID- 3171408 TI - [Partial interruption of the inferior vena cava: initial results with a two tiered endocaval filter]. PMID- 3171409 TI - [Problems posed by the treatment of deep venous thrombosis in patients with a coagulopathy]. PMID- 3171410 TI - [Familial venous and arterial thromboembolic disease due to protein C deficiency]. PMID- 3171411 TI - Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. PMID- 3171413 TI - Preliminary study of blood pressure changes in normotensive subjects undergoing chiropractic care. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of clinical blood pressure readings and to begin a series of experiments to determine if chiropractic adjustments cause any significant changes in blood pressure. Seventy five students undergoing routine chiropractic health care at Palmer College of Chiropractic Clinic volunteered to participate in the blood pressure measurement protocol in one 10-min visit. These subjects were placed into one of two groups, based on the clinical findings from the chiropractic examination. One group, the Experimental group was formed on the basis that they had subluxations in the cervical spine and also were adjusted specifically for them. The Control group was similar but lacked manipulable cervical subluxations on that particular day and were not adjusted. Clinical and experimental procedures were carried out identically on each group. Subjects were examined by standard Gonstead palpatory methods after 5 min of quiet sitting in a cervical chair. Blood pressure was recorded by right arm cuff sphygmomanometer by an experienced chiropractor immediately before and again immediately after either the specific cervical adjustment or the control procedure, which was simply motion palpation. The doctors measuring blood pressures did not know to which group the subject had been assigned. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were statistically significantly lowered in the Experimental but not the Control group (p less than 0.01). The difference in the mean blood pressures was small and was brought about by 14 of the Experimental subjects who experienced a clinically relevant 10-20 mm hg drop. Reliability of blood pressure measurements by two doctors was established under similar conditions in an additional 25 subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171412 TI - Radiogenic cancer induction associated with spinal radiography: a quantitative analysis. AB - Computations of organ-specific radiation absorption by lung, breast, thyroid, active bone marrow and uterine tissues are used to rank sectional and full spine radiographic procedures according to their potentials for cancer induction. Assuming that the dose-effect relationship of radiation damage is linear and lacks a threshold effect, the prospective and retrospective carcinogenicities of commonly ordered spinal series are estimated. Cervical radiography is demonstrated to pose the least hazard to the patient, while full spine and lumbar (five views) procedures have the greatest. Organs most at risk as a result of spinal radiography are lung (thoracic and full spine), colon (lumbar and full spine), breast (thoracic and full spine), and prostate (full spine and lumbar). PMID- 3171414 TI - Concordance between galvanic skin response and spinal palpation findings in pain free males. AB - The concordance between areas of paraspinal low resistance, i.e., galvanic skin response (GSR) and positive palpatory findings in pain-free male subjects was investigated. The concordance between vertebral segments implicated by GSR and by palpation was not found to be significantly different from chance concordance as determined by a t-test comparison of experimental results to randomly generated simulations, and by the application of Cohen's Kappa index of concordance to experimental data. This was true even when the locations of low resistance areas along the dorsal trunk were compared to only those vertebral palpatory findings rated as "severe." When test-retest reliability of GSR was examined, only 27% of vertebral segments implicated by GSR on initial examination were also implicated in the same subjects 4 h later. It was noted that low resistance areas detected by GSR were always punctate in nature and appeared to correspond well to known acupuncture loci. Further investigation revealed that, indeed, the GSR unit was not only effective in locating those acupuncture points that happened to be in a state of lowered resistance at the time but was also able, within about 5 sec, to decrease the resistance of any particular point not already in its lowest state of resistance to a level sufficient to generate a positive and persistent GSR reading where none had been detected previously. It is suggested that GSR may not be a reliable predictor of the location of vertebral pathology, at least as assessed by palpation in pain-free subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171416 TI - Toward a common language. PMID- 3171415 TI - Unilateral intermittent claudication of the left lower extremity. AB - Numerous approaches including surgery for the release of cauda equina compression symptoms due to vertebral canal stenosis are well known. The successful use of spinal manipulative therapy for reduction of neurogenic claudication symptoms is discussed in this case presentation. An elderly male presents with vague leg pain and paresthesias of the left lower extremity precipitated by walking. A brief discussion of the etiology, symptomatology and diagnosis of claudication is made. Methods of differential diagnosis of vascular vs. neurogenic claudication are discussed. PMID- 3171417 TI - Should you be reading JMPT? PMID- 3171418 TI - Nomenclatures of anatomical distortion of the spine: a comparison. PMID- 3171419 TI - Hass' disease. PMID- 3171420 TI - Inter- and intra-examiner reliability of palpation for sacroiliac joint dysfunction. PMID- 3171421 TI - A critical look at the subluxation hypothesis: commentary. PMID- 3171422 TI - On death and euthanasia. PMID- 3171423 TI - The probability of false positive results in HIV antibody testing. PMID- 3171425 TI - She comes from a nice family. PMID- 3171424 TI - Security in the nuclear age. PMID- 3171426 TI - A one megaton nuclear explosion over Atlanta--the immediate effects. PMID- 3171427 TI - Health care consequences for Atlanta of a nuclear explosion. PMID- 3171429 TI - American Medical Association presidential candidate questionnaire. Questionnaire on health and related topics. PMID- 3171428 TI - Teaching internal medicine in a community hospital. PMID- 3171430 TI - Georgia Thoracic Society statement. Suggested guidelines for hospital privileges in ventilator management. PMID- 3171431 TI - Statutory protection for peer review committees--can it be waived? PMID- 3171432 TI - On cybernetics. PMID- 3171433 TI - The impaired physicians program: comments on the minority report. PMID- 3171434 TI - Leaving the landing lights on for Amelia Earhart. PMID- 3171435 TI - Doctor, before you buy that computer.... PMID- 3171437 TI - How I use a computer in my surgical practice. PMID- 3171436 TI - Purchasing an office management computer system--the questions to ask. PMID- 3171438 TI - SIDS and autopsies: does the medico-legal system in Georgia work for SIDS deaths? PMID- 3171440 TI - Restrictive covenants and Georgia physicians. PMID- 3171439 TI - Incidence of oral cancer in Atlanta. PMID- 3171441 TI - Resource allocation in multifacility emergency medical service systems. AB - As instruments of public policy, Emergency Medical Service Systems must not only make effective use of the available resources but also ensure that those resources are shared equitably by the systems' facilities. This paper develops a multifacility EMS system resource allocation model that enables its user to evaluate the equitability of resource allocation schemes. Recognizing and objectively defining the relationships between the consumption of system resources and the provision of EMS System services, this model is appropriate for use in both prospective and retrospective EMS System resource allocation analyses. PMID- 3171442 TI - The predictive validity of a resident selection system. AB - This paper describes a new system for resident selection that uses a descriptive rating scale and a microcomputer to create a rank order list for the National Resident Matching Program. The methods utilized to analyze the time efficiency, interrater reliability, and predictive validity of the system are reported. Interrater reliability was found to be high. The rank list was shown to correlate with both clinical performance of Pl-1 and Pl-2 pediatric residents and the American Board of Pediatrics In-training Examination. Correlations for the Pl-2 year were stronger than for the Pl-1 year. PMID- 3171443 TI - Computer-assisted assessment of patient care in the hospital. AB - Using his natural language medical text analyzing system, the author has computer processed the discharge summary segment of the patient record. The output of the text analyzer is a list of medical facts. The low-cost, high productivity process is eminently suited for screening the quality of clinical care provided in the hospital. PMID- 3171444 TI - Shipboard medical information systems: familiarity and receptivity. AB - Analyses were performed on the perceived automation needs and current medical department computerization status aboard ships of the U.S. Pacific Fleet to determine if present automation status had a bearing on receptivity to further automation. Current medical department automation status consisted of microcomputers and/or the Shipboard Nontactical ADP Program (SNAP). Measures of receptivity to department automation included perceived need for automation of reports and composite scores of perceived need for 12 automated medical capabilities. Those ships with the highest present levels of automation were the most receptive to medical department computerization. Lack of familiarity with benefits to be attained through automation was proposed as responsible for observed decrements in receptivity among medical departments. PMID- 3171445 TI - Quality controlling interpretive reporting systems in clinical medicine--a changing responsibility. AB - This paper presents some observations on a number of topics which affect the quality of computer software and includes: current trends in software design, current levels of responsibilities for the various parties involved in bringing automation to clinical medicine, why software development is so difficult to quality control, and certain characteristics of system development which contribute most to the construction of inaccurate models. PMID- 3171446 TI - Assessing the quality of data entry in a computerized medical records system. AB - A primary care university clinic discovered major errors in its medical records after instituting a computerized medical records system. A quality assessment tool was devised to measure the error rate and provide clues to the sources of these errors. During the implementation of this tool a marked reduction in data entry errors occurred suggesting its use had a positive impact on our medical record quality. PMID- 3171447 TI - Old elbow dislocation: joint mobility after open reduction. PMID- 3171448 TI - A three-year study of the copper-7 minigravigard intrauterine contraceptive device in nulliparous women. PMID- 3171449 TI - Color visualization of ductal flow. PMID- 3171450 TI - Death and stroke rate in chronic rheumatic heart disease. PMID- 3171451 TI - Role of two-dimensional echocardiography in the prediction of in-hospital mortality after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3171452 TI - Acute myelopathy as the initial presentation of acute leukemia. PMID- 3171453 TI - Syringomyelia associated with developmental anomalies and clinically pure motor presentation. PMID- 3171456 TI - Constitutional and echocardiographic variability of the normal electrocardiogram in children. AB - To understand better the normal electrocardiogram and to improve the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the authors examined RV5 and SV1 + RV5, using a special computational technique, in relation to body size, heart size, and the distance between the heart and the chest wall in 7-year-old normal subjects. Boys and girls were analyzed separately. Using multiple regression analysis with a total of 16 constitutional and echocardiographic parameters as the predictor variable, the authors selected a minimum set of parameters and found that the greater the left ventricular mass (LVM) and the left ventricular cavity and the shorter the distance between the heart and the chest wall, the greater the RV5 and SV1 + RV5. In subjects with LVH in whom these parameters vary, SV1 + RV5 is preferable to RV5 for the electrocardiographic diagnosis of LVH, because LVM correlates more significantly with SV1 + RV5. In a similar analysis, using principal components as the predictor variable, no significance level was reached for the first principal component that represented size. This indicates that RV5 and SV1 + RV5 are in a constant range, irrespective of the body size and accompanying heart size. PMID- 3171454 TI - Electrical and ionic mechanisms of early reperfusion arrhythmias in sheep cardiac Purkinje's fibers. AB - The mechanisms of induction of early reperfusion arrhythmias were studied in sheep cardiac Purkinje's fibers superfused in vitro. Transmembrane potentials, intracellular sodium activity (aiNa), and contractile force were recorded. Stoppage of the flow of Tyrode's solution (ischemia) for 1 hour initially decreased slightly aiNa (-0.57 mmol -7.2%), increased the action potential amplitude (+6.1%) and duration (+7.8%), and decreased diastolic depolarization slope (-45.2%). As the ischemia continued, aiNa increased progressively (to 12.53 mmol, +56.2%), whereas force peaked (+395%) after about 30 minutes and then began to decrease. By the end of ischemia, there was a decrease in action potential amplitude (-14.9%) and duration (-39.6%), whereas diastolic depolarization slope reincreased again almost to control value (-7%). When the flow of Tyrode's solution was resumed (reperfusion), force markedly increased (+211.1%) and oscillatory potentials initiated arrhythmias (extrasystoles and repetitive fast discharge) in 64% of tests. Force and aiNa decreased relatively rapidly. The arrhythmias initiated after 58.4 +/- 1.8 seconds of reperfusion and lasted 101.5 +/- 3.2 seconds. When [Na]o was increased by +19.2%, reperfusion arrhythmias occurred after only 30 minutes of ischemia. Thus, in Purkinje's fibers superfused in vitro, early reperfusion arrhythmias are induced by oscillatory potentials caused by calcium overload, which is enhanced by the increase in aiNa during ischemia. PMID- 3171455 TI - Evaluation of 10 QT prediction formulas in 881 middle-aged men from the seven countries study: emphasis on the cubic root Fridericia's equation. AB - In 881 middle-aged men from one Italian cohort of the Seven Countries Study, QT and RR intervals were measured in lead 2 from resting ECGs (25 mm/sec) and fitted separately with 10 mathematically different QT prediction formulas. The relative accuracy of fit to data was assessed from the minimum mean-squared residual and the minimum Akaike Information Criterion values. Using the Minnesota code, 588 men had normal (group 1) and 293 had abnormal (group 2) ECGs. A better fit to QT RR data by all formulas was observed in group 1, compared with group 2. Among one parameter equations in both groups, the cubic root Fridericia's formula is better suited to fit the data than the Bazett's square root or other formulas. The former compares favorably with multiparameter equations or with the inverse relation and gives the best fit in group 2. Thus the cubic root equation might be more accurate than the square root or several complex formulas for correcting measured QT intervals for cardiac cycle length in middle-aged men. PMID- 3171457 TI - Electrovectorcardiographic study of negative T waves on precordial leads in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: relationship with right ventricular volumes. AB - In 24 cases of arrhythmogenic right ventricular (RV) dysplasia, the electrovectorcardiographic (ECG-VCG) behavior of T horizontal (wave and loop) was analyzed and the data compared with RV angiographic volumes. Arrhythmogenic RV dysplasia was diagnosed on the basis of echocardiographic and angiographic data in all subjects. At ECG, T wave was negative in V1 in nine subjects (37%), in V1 V2 in six (25%), in V1-V3 in two (8%), in V1-V4 in one (4%), in V1-V5 in two (8%), and in V1-V6 in four (16%). Nine subjects (37%) presented a bifid T wave in V2-V4. At VCG, T horizontal loop showed three morphologic characteristics: (1) counterclockwise rotation with a mean axis range of +15 degrees to -10 degrees (average, +5 degrees); (2) a figure-eight pattern with a mean axis range of +10 degrees to -40 degrees (average, -17 degrees); and (3) clockwise rotation with a mean axis range of -40 degrees to -110 degrees (average, -70 degrees). T wave changes seem to be primary and independent from QRS changes. RV and diastolic volumes ranged from 100 to 320 m1/m2 (average, 169 +/- 69). The extension of T wave negativity on precordial leads has a direct relationship with RV enlargement (r = 0.89, p less than 0.01). T changes are probably caused by dislocation of the left ventricle backwards secondary to RV dilatation, asynchronous RV repolarization, or intraparietal RV conduction defects. PMID- 3171458 TI - A single ECG lead in the serial monitoring of ischemic injury and necrosis in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction: comparison with 49-lead precordial maps and standard ECGs. AB - To evaluate the single ECG lead with the maximal ST-segment elevation on admission as a modality suitable for monitoring ischemic injury and necrosis, the author correlated the single lead from 49-lead precordial maps and that from the corresponding standard ECGs with the ECG systems from which they derived. A total of 265 pairs of studies (14 per patient) from 20 patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction were used. Serial recordings were done on admission, at 12 predetermined time intervals during hospitalization, and at discharge. The amplitudes of ST-segment elevation, R waves, and Q waves of the single lead and all of the complexes of the corresponding precordial maps or standard ECGs were measured, using the same methodology. The single ECG lead correlated well with the precordial maps and the standard ECG. Although in serial studies the originally selected single lead was not the one displaying the maximal ST-segment elevation in 29% of the studies, it was always located on a locus immediately adjacent to the new lead in the grid recording the maximal ST. Changes in the precordial map or standard ECG were always detected by the corresponding single lead. The single lead from the standard ECG reflected changes in the precordial map, indicating that a precordial map is not necessary on admission for identification of the single lead. Correlations of R waves and Q waves from the single lead and the precordial map or the single lead and the standard ECG were not as good as the ones found for ST-segment elevation, although they provided monitoring of directional changes of the QRS complexes during hospitalization. Thus, a single lead from a precordial map or standard ECG is adequate for monitoring of the magnitude of ischemic injury in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction. The single lead also provides some information as to the evolution of changes in the precordial QRS complexes associated with infarction and maintains its traditional role of providing surveillance for arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities. PMID- 3171460 TI - A completely automated activation-repolarization interval algorithm for directly coupled unipolar electrograms and its three-dimensional correlation with refractory periods. AB - Sintered Ag-AgCl needle electrodes were used to record unipolar directly coupled (DC) electrograms transmurally from right and left ventricular myocardium. Direct coupling yields unfiltered low-frequency signal content, preserving repolarization waveform morphology. These electrograms were analyzed using completely automated computer algorithms for the timing of local activation and local repolarization that permit beat-to-beat determinations of these parameters. The local activation to repolarization interval was compared with the refractory period obtained with the extrastimulus technique from the same electrode during varied basic cycle lengths and pacing sequences. Pooling of the activation to refractory period versus activation-to-repolarization data from all sites and pacing sequences produced a correlation coefficient of 0.96, with a standard error of the estimate of 5.1 msec. The results demonstrate that DC-coupled unipolar electrograms may prove useful in direct, three-dimensional local repolarization timing and in simultaneous assessment of the temporal and spatial dispersion of changes in repolarization from multiple sites. PMID- 3171462 TI - Identification of mRNA for relaxin in the endometrium of the pregnant guinea-pig. AB - The endometrium of late pregnant guinea-pigs was found to contain mRNA for relaxin. Poly(A)+RNA hybridized to 32P-labelled porcine relaxin-specific oligonucleotide probes. These probes corresponded to the C-peptide region of the prohormone. There was no hybridization to a 32P-labelled probe to the B-chain of porcine relaxin even under conditions of low stringency. The size of the relaxin mRNA was approximately 1.0 kb and similar to that found for relaxin mRNA from the pregnant sow ovary. This is the first study on relaxin mRNA from a uterine source. PMID- 3171461 TI - Prognostic significance of signal-averaged ECGs during acute myocardial infarction: a preliminary report. AB - To gain insight into the prognostic significance of the presence of late potentials detected by body surface signal-averaged electrocardiography during acute myocardial infarction, the authors prospectively studied the relationship between the presence of late potentials and the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in 52 patients from the initial presentation of myocardial infarction to 14 months after discharge from the hospital. Signal averaged recordings were performed on admission and again at the time of discharge (mean, 12 days from initial tracing). Late potentials were present on the first recording in 10 patients, 6 of whom had late potentials on the second recording. Twelve patients had late potentials on the second recording, and six of these did not have late potentials on the first recording. Early in-hospital sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation occurred in three patients, all in the late potential-negative group. There were 10 deaths, 7 in the hospital and 3 late. There was no significant difference in early or late mortality between the late potential-positive and the late potential-negative groups due to the small sample size, although there was a trend toward higher mortality in the late potential positive group. Late potentials detected by body surface signal-averaged electrocardiography did not predict the occurrence of early in-hospital ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation or sudden death. During the acute phase of myocardial infarction, late potentials are often variable and transient findings on signal-averaged electrocardiography. PMID- 3171459 TI - Respiration and the ECG: a study using body surface potential maps. AB - Body surface potential maps and an eccentric spheres model of the heart were used to investigate some of the factors that cause the surface ECG to change with respiration. Although the pattern of the surface maps shifted inferiorly with inspiration, the pattern itself did not change significantly, even with deep respiratory movements. However, the temporal ECGs at specific electrodes changed dramatically. The model simulations show that the contribution to the change in amplitude of the surface potential due to lung conductivity and ventricular volume changes is small. It is suggested that the major cause of the surface potential changes with inspiration is due to the change in heart position. PMID- 3171463 TI - Reduced vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactivity in the pituitaries of hormone-deficient mutant mice. AB - The prolactin-producing cells of the bovine anterior pituitary were found to contain a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) immunoreactive substance, thus suggesting a role for VIP in the regulation of prolactin release. The pituitaries of the dw and lit strains of mutant mice, congenitally deficient in prolactin producing cells, and hyt mice, which were found to have reduced numbers of prolactin-producing cells, showed a markedly reduced VIP immunoreactivity. Hypothalamic VIP immunoreactivity, however, was found to be unchanged in the three strains of mutant mice, indicating that the high concentration of VIP in the hypothalamus does not derive from the adenohypophysis through retrograde flow. The deficiency in the mutant mice seems to be due to the lack of prolactin target cells in the pituitary. PMID- 3171464 TI - Quantitative in-situ hybridization histochemistry in the rat pituitary gland: effect of bromocriptine on prolactin and pro-opiomelanocortin gene expression. AB - The temporal effect of orally administered bromocriptine on pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and prolactin gene expression in male Sprague-Dawley rats was examined using in-situ hybridization histochemistry. Messenger RNA in the anterior and intermediate lobes could be clearly delineated in each section. Administration of bromocriptine resulted in a reduction in hybridization of 35S-labelled cDNA probe to prolactin mRNA from 0.69 x 10(12) to 0.29 x 10(12) copies bound/g after 150 h. POMC mRNA in the anterior lobe remained unchanged with 0.08 x 10(12) copies of probe bound/g for the duration of the experiment, while in the intermediate lobe it decreased from 2.44 x 10(12) to 0.44 x 10(12) copies of probe bound/g at 150 h. The rate of reduction in intermediate lobe POMC mRNA was similar to that of prolactin mRNA for the first 24 h but was subsequently more rapid and more profound, falling to 20% of the control value at 84 h and to 18% at 150 h. PMID- 3171465 TI - Changes in serum concentrations of inhibin in cyclic pigs. AB - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) system for porcine ovarian inhibin has been developed. Antisera to porcine inhibin of molecular weight 32,000 (32 kDa inhibin) were raised in male chickens. The recognition site of the antiserum used in the present study was the N-terminal region of the alpha subunit of 32 kDa inhibin. The antiserum could recognize higher molecular weight forms of inhibin present in porcine follicular fluid as well as the 32 kDa form. The average effective dose and the least detectable amount of inhibin in this RIA were 643 and 30.7 pg/tube respectively. Non-specific effects of serum on the RIA could be overcome by including 100 microliter serum from a castrated pig in the standards and by incubating at 30 degrees C. Serum concentrations of inhibin fluctuated between 0.6 and 2.5 micrograms/l during the oestrous cycles of the pigs. The amount of serum inhibin gradually increased from the late luteal phase to the early follicular phase and reached a maximum of 2.48 micrograms/l at day 4 (day 0 = day of ovulation). Concentrations then decreased rapidly to reach a minimum of 0.6 micrograms/l. Two small peaks were also observed during the luteal phase, although the concentration was relatively low during this phase. Changes in serum concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta did not parallel those of inhibin, especially during the luteal phase when serum concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta remained quite low. Serum concentrations of FSH were inversely related to those of inhibin rather than to those of oestradiol-17 beta, suggesting that the secretion of FSH during the oestrous cycles of pigs is mainly controlled by ovarian inhibin. PMID- 3171466 TI - Ontogeny of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes and enkephalins in the sheep adrenal medulla: an immunocytochemical study. AB - An immunocytochemical staining technique was used to investigate the development of the sheep adrenal medullary cells containing enkephalins and the catecholamine synthetic enzymes dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase (PNMT). No staining was observed in the adrenocortical cells with any of the antisera used in this study. Positive staining with anti-DBH was observed throughout the medulla in both adult and fetal adrenal glands from 80 days of gestation. Positive staining with anti-PNMT was observed in all glands from as early as 80 days of gestation, and staining with this antiserum was mainly confined to the peripheral medullary cells, which were adjacent to, and interdigitated between, the cells of the adrenal cortex. In the fetus between 80 and 120 days of gestation, staining for the enkephalins was observed in both the peripheral columnar and the central polygonal adrenal medullary cells. After 125 days of gestation and in the adult ewe, the peripheral columnar cells were uniformly stained with anti-enkephalin whereas many unstained cells were present in the central medullary region. Therefore, enkephalin-containing peptides are present in the catecholamine cells of the fetal and adult sheep adrenal and there appears to be a changing pattern in the distribution of the enkephalins in the fetal adrenal in late gestation. PMID- 3171467 TI - Influence of nutritional status and oestradiol-17 beta on plasma growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors-I and -II and the response to exogenous growth hormone in young steers. AB - Plasma GH profiles and circulating concentrations of plasma insulin-like growth factors-I and -II (IGF-I and -II) were examined in 20 steers on either high (3% dry matter of body weight per day) or low (1% dry matter of body weight per day) planes of nutrition with or without an implant of oestradiol-17 beta. The response of plasma IGF-I and -II to a bolus injection of bovine GH (bGH) was also investigated. Reduced feeding significantly (P less than 0.01) increased the mean concentration, peak height and integrated area of plasma GH. Treatment of steers with oestradiol at low nutrition significantly increased baseline GH concentrations. Treatment of steers with oestradiol at high nutrition significantly (P less than 0.05) increased mean, baseline, peak height, and integrated area of plasma GH. GH pulse frequency was not changed by either nutritional plane or oestradiol treatment. Basal concentrations of plasma IGF-I were significantly (P less than 0.01) decreased by reduced feeding in both the oestradiol-treated and the control group. Treatment with oestradiol increased (P less than 0.01) basal plasma concentrations of IGF-I at both high and low levels of nutrition. After i.v. injection of bGH (0.1 mg/kg body weight), an increase in plasma IGF-I was observed only in steers at high nutrition. Basal concentrations of plasma IGF-II were not altered by nutritional manipulations but were significantly (P less than 0.001) increased by oestradiol treatment. After bGH infusion only steers at high nutrition showed an increase in plasma IGF II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171468 TI - The influence of oestrogen and progesterone on the actions of two calcium entry blockers in the rat uterus. AB - The potency and maximum effect of the calcium entry blocker nifedipine as an inhibitor of uterine contractions in vivo are increased in rats in late pregnant compared with non-pregnant rats. The influence of ovarian steroids produced during pregnancy (oestrogen and progesterone) on the potency and maximum effect of two calcium entry blockers (nifedipine and diltiazem) against uterine contractions during i.v. infusion was therefore investigated in anaesthetized non pregnant rats. The influence of pregnancy on the relationship between serum concentrations of diltiazem during i.v. infusion and uterine and cardiovascular effects was also investigated. A twofold increase in the potency of nifedipine as an inhibitor of uterine contractions was observed in rats treated with oestrogen or oestrogen plus progesterone compared with rats treated with corn oil. There was no change in potency in rats receiving progesterone alone. Maximum inhibition of uterine contractions by nifedipine was significantly increased by all three hormone treatments. A twofold increase in the potency of diltiazem and a significant increase in maximum inhibition of uterine contractions was observed in rats in late pregnancy compared with non-pregnant rats. No increase in potency of diltiazem in reducing blood pressure or heart rate was observed in rats in late pregnancy. No significant difference in potency of diltiazem against uterine contractions was observed in rats treated with oestrogen, progesterone or oestrogen plus progesterone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171469 TI - Relationships between prolactin, LH and broody behaviour in bantam hens. AB - The interactions between broody behaviour and changes in concentrations of plasma prolactin and LH were investigated in bantam hens. Adoption of newly hatched chicks caused incubating hens to leave their nests and prevented plasma prolactin decreasing as rapidly as in hens deprived of their nests and not given chicks. Further, the hens allowed to rear chicks came back into lay later (P less than 0.001) than the hens not allowed chicks. Plasma prolactin decreased and plasma LH increased in hens deprived of their nests: these changes were reversed when the hens re-nested. The changes in plasma LH and prolactin in nest-deprived and re nesting birds were not always synchronous; this was particularly clear immediately after nest deprivation when the increase in plasma LH preceded the decrease in the plasma prolactin. Readiness to incubate disappeared between 48 and 72 h after nest deprivation and corresponded with the time when plasma prolactin decreased to baseline values. Administration of ovine prolactin depressed (P less than 0.01) the initial increase in plasma LH after nest deprivation, but repeated administration of prolactin for up to 72 h failed to suppress plasma LH to the values found in incubating hens. Repeated administration of ovine prolactin at 5- to 8-h intervals for 72 h maintained readiness to incubate in nest-deprived hens. It is concluded that the secretion of prolactin in broody hens is facilitated by the presence of chicks and that increased concentrations of plasma prolactin maintain incubation behaviour. In incubating hens the secretion of LH and prolactin may be partly regulated independently. In addition, LH secretion may also be inhibited by increased plasma prolactin. PMID- 3171470 TI - Ascorbic acid potentiates the inhibitory effect of dopamine on prolactin release in primary cultured rat pituitary cells. AB - The chemical structure of dopamine includes an ortho-catechol group which is labile to oxidizing agents. Ascorbic acid, a reducing agent, has in the past been added to the incubation medium in order to protect dopamine against oxidation. However, there has been no thorough examination of the biological effect of ascorbic acid on prolactin release. In this present study we have shown that ascorbic acid has neither a stimulatory nor an inhibitory effect on prolactin release but reduces by approximately two orders of magnitude the concentration of dopamine necessary to inhibit prolactin release from cultured anterior pituitary cells. The strong potentiation effect of ascorbic acid was reproduced using apomorphine. We compared the effect of ascorbic acid and isoascorbic acid on dopamine inhibition of prolactin release. Isoascorbic acid is an epimer of ascorbic acid, having the same reduction-oxidation potential as ascorbic acid, but is less biologically active. Isoascorbic acid was less effective in potentiating the dopaminergic effect than was ascorbic acid, which supports the notion that potentiation by ascorbic acid is not entirely due to its reducing property. In order to dissociate further the chemical protection of dopamine from the biological potentiation, the inhibitory effects of freshly made and 3-h-old dopamine solutions were compared. Neither one of the two solutions contained any ascorbic acid, yet the two solutions did not show any difference in their ability to inhibit prolactin release during the 3-h incubation period, indicating that no significant amount of dopamine was oxidized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171471 TI - Effect of the suckling stimulus on daily LH surges induced by chronic oestrogen treatment in ovariectomized lactating rats. AB - Effects of the suckling stimulus on the daily LH surge induced by chronic oestrogen treatment were examined in ovariectomized lactating rats. Wistar Imamichi strain rats were kept under 14 h light:10 h darkness (lights on at 05.00 h). Litter size was adjusted to eight on day 1 (day 0 = day of parturition) and ovariectomy performed on day 2. Lactating rats deprived of their litters on day 0 served as nonlactating controls. Silicone elastomer tubing filled with oestradiol was implanted on day 6 or 15. Blood samples were collected through an indwelling cannula at 10.00 and 17.00 h on each day after implantation to detect daily LH surges. Daily LH surges occurred in the late afternoon in both lactating and non lactating rats implanted with oestradiol on day 6 or 15. The amplitude of daily LH surges in lactating rats implanted on day 6 declined much more rapidly than in non-lactating rats implanted on day 6, but no significant difference was found in the profile of the LH surge between lactating and non-lactating rats implanted on day 15. Pituitary LH contents just before the daily LH surge (12.00-12.30 h) 4 days after implantation in lactating rats implanted with oestradiol on day 6 were significantly less than those in nonlactating rats implanted with oestradiol on day 6 or 15 and in lactating rats implanted on day 15.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171472 TI - Emergent simple discrimination established by indirect relation to differential consequences. AB - Three experiments examined a discrimination training sequence that led to emergent simple discrimination in human subjects. The experiments differed primarily in their subject populations. Normally capable adults served in the first experiment, preschool children in the second, and mentally retarded adults in the third. In all experiments, subjects learned a simple simultaneous discrimination: When visual stimuli A1 and A2 were displayed together, reinforcers followed selections of A1, the S+, but not A2, the S-. The subjects also learned a conditional discrimination taught with an arbitrary visual-visual matching-to-sample procedure. Comparisons were two additional visual stimuli, B1 and B2, and samples were A1 and A2. Reinforcers followed selections of B1 in the presence of A1 and of B2 in the presence of A2. After the simple-discrimination and conditional-discrimination baselines had been acquired, B1 and B2 were displayed alone (without a sample) on probe trials. Subjects had never been taught explicitly how to respond to such displays. Nonetheless, they almost always selected B1, which was involved in a conditional relation with A1, the stimulus that served as S+ on the simple-discrimination trials. This outcome suggested the formation of stimulus classes during conditional-discrimination training. Through class formation, B1 and B2 had apparently acquired stimulus functions similar to those shown by A1 and A2 on simple-discrimination trials, thereby leading to emergent selections of B1 on the probes. PMID- 3171473 TI - Response restriction and substitution with autistic children. AB - Few studies to date have examined time reallocation in naturalistic, multiresponse human repertoires when one or more responses are restricted. For this experiment, free-operant baseline levels of six responses were measured for four autistic children. The high-probability responses were made unavailable, one at a time, such that subjects had access to five, four, three, and two responses in successive restriction conditions. A return to the six-response free-operant baseline condition completed the experiment. Results were compared to predictions made by four time-reallocation models. These results were described accurately only by the selective substitution model. Further analyses examined alternative explanations for the individual reallocation patterns obtained. An expanded selective substitution definition is proposed that may characterize orderly patterns observed in multiresponse repertoires under restriction conditions more accurately than the other existing models. PMID- 3171474 TI - Oral self-administration of pentobarbital by rhesus monkeys: relative reinforcing effects under concurrent fixed-ratio schedules. AB - During daily 3-hr sessions, orally delivered pentobarbital solutions and water, or two separate pentobarbital solutions, were concurrently available to rhesus monkeys according to fixed-ratio schedules of mouth contacts with a spout. First water, and then each of four "comparison-concentration" pentobarbital solutions (0.0625, 0.25, 1, and 4 mg/mL), was successively available from one spout for a block of sessions under a fixed-ratio-64 (three monkeys) or fixed-ratio-16 (one monkey) schedule. Under an identically sized fixed-ratio schedule, deliveries of a "standard-concentration" pentobarbital solution were concurrently available from a second spout. The concentration of the standard solution remained unchanged throughout testing of the series of comparison solutions. Each of three pentobarbital concentrations (4, 1, and 0.25 mg/mL) in turn served as the standard concentration. Within each pair of concurrently available solutions, the higher drug concentration maintained more behavior than the lower concentration. Thus when monkeys were provided with concurrent access to different pentobarbital concentrations, relative reinforcing effects were directly related to drug concentration. Further, the amount of behavior maintained by a particular drug concentration was dependent on the concentration of the concurrently available drug solution. Thus, the relative effectiveness of a reinforcer in maintaining behavior is a function of both the reinforcer's magnitude and the availability of alternative reinforcers in the environment. PMID- 3171475 TI - Linguistic flexibility in signed and written language productions of deaf children. AB - Linguistic flexibility of deaf and hearing children was compared by examining the relative frequencies of their nonliteral constructions in stories written and signed (by the deaf) or written and spoken (by the hearing). Seven types of nonliteral constructions were considered: novel figurative language, frozen figurative language, gestures, pantomime, linguistic modifications, linguistic inventions, and lexical substitutions. Among the hearing 8- to 15-year-olds, oral and written stories contained comparable numbers of nonliteral constructions. Among their age-matched deaf peers, however, nonliteral constructions were significantly stories contained comparable numbers of nonliteral constructions. Among their age-matched deaf peers, however, nonliteral constructions were significantly more common in signed than written stories. Overall, hearing students used more nonliteral constructions in their written stories than did their deaf peers (who used very few), whereas deaf students used more nonliteral constructions in their signed stories than their hearing peers did in their spoken stories. The results suggest that deaf children are linguistically and cognitively more competent than is generally assumed on the basis of evaluations in English. Although inferior to hearing age-mates in written expression, they are comparable to, and in some ways better than those peers when evaluated using their primary mode of communication. PMID- 3171476 TI - Auditory sensitivity in school-age children. AB - Thresholds for octave-band noises with center frequencies of 0.4, 1, 2, 4, and 10 kHz and 1/3-octave-band noises centered at 10 and 20 kHz were obtained from children 6 to 16 years of age. Such thresholds, combined with those obtained previously for infants, preschool children, and adults, provide a detailed picture of developing auditory sensitivity between infancy and maturity. Continuing improvements in sensitivity are evident from infancy through the preschool period, well into the school years. For stimuli with center frequencies of 0.4 and 1 kHz, maximal sensitivity is achieved at about 10 years of age, compared to 8 years for stimuli of 2 and 4 kHz. For 10-kHz stimuli, there is little change beyond 4 or 5 years of age. Finally, 20-kHz stimuli yield maximal sensitivity at about 6 or 8 years of age, followed by a progressive decline to adult levels. These findings are considered in relation to auditory sensitivity in nonhuman species, to structural and functional development of the ear, and to possible changes in the efficiency of neural processing. PMID- 3171478 TI - Molecular cloning of an immunodominant antigen of Onchocerca volvulus. AB - We have cloned and characterized the gene for an immunodominant antigen of O. volvulus that is recognized by the sera of 96% of patients with onchocerciasis. Its 1.2-kb mRNA constitutes 0.3% of adult worm poly(A)+ RNA and its cDNA sequence reveals that it is not a highly conserved structural protein such as actin or tubulin. Similar but not identical genes occur in the genomes of related filarie, Brugia malayi and Dirofilaria immitis. The recombinant antigen has both immunodiagnostic and immunoprophylactic significance. PMID- 3171477 TI - Low density lipoprotein metabolism by human macrophages activated with low density lipoprotein immune complexes. A possible mechanism of foam cell formation. AB - Human macrophages play a key role in atherogenesis and are believed to be the progenitors of the cholesteryl ester (CE)-laden foam cells present in early atherosclerotic lesions. Several mechanisms by which macrophages accumulate CE have been recently described. One involves a perturbation in LDL metabolism subsequent to macrophage activation. Thus, we decided to study the effect of macrophage activation by immune complexes on N-LDL metabolism. Initially, LDL containing immune complexes (LDL-IC) were chosen, since increased plasma levels of these IC have been reported in patients with coronary heart disease. Human macrophages stimulated for 22 h with LDL-IC (250 micrograms/ml) and incubated afterwards for 20 h with 10 micrograms/ml 125I-N-LDL showed a six- and fourfold increase in the accumulation and degradation, respectively, of 125I-N-LDL over the values observed in nonstimulated cells. Scatchard analysis of 125I-N-LDL specific binding suggests an increase (20-fold) in the number of LDL receptors in macrophages stimulated with LDL-IC. We studied other immune complexes varying in size and antigen composition. Some of the IC were able to stimulate, although to a lesser degree, the uptake of N-LDL by macrophages. Lipoprotein IC are more efficient and have the greatest capacity to increase N-LDL uptake and CE accumulation. We conclude that human macrophage activation by LDL-IC leads to an increase in LDL receptor activity and promotes in vitro foam cell formation. PMID- 3171479 TI - Extensive deletions and insertions in different MHC supratypes detected by pusled field gel electrophoresis. AB - The genomic organization of the human MHC was examined in multiple examples of six different supratypes using pulsed field electrophoresis (PFGE) after digestion of genomic DNA with infrequency cutting restriction endonucleases. Differences in restriction fragment length and band intensity were shown to be specific for each supratype. Mapping of the MHC revealed that each supratype contains previously undescribed deletions and insertions between HLA B and DQ regions. PMID- 3171481 TI - Natural resistance against lymphoma grafts conveyed by H-2Dd transgene to C57BL mice. AB - The H-2Dd transgenic strain D8 on C57BL background was more resistant to subcutaneous challenge of RBL-5 lymphoma cells than B6 controls. The direct role of the H-2Dd antigen was investigated by the use of (D8 x B6)F1 crosses and (D8 B6) x B6 backcrosses. The latter showed cosegregation with regard to Dd antigen expression and lymphoma resistance, both of which were inherited in a pattern consistent with control by a single dominant gene. The rejection potential in (D8 x B6)F1 mice appeared as strong as that seen in crosses between B6 and MHC congenic mice (on B10 background) carrying H-2Dd. The lymphoma resistance could be abrogated by treatment with anti-asialo GM1 antiserum or anti-NK 1.1 mAb, indicating a role for NK cells. PMID- 3171480 TI - Antibody to mouse interferon alpha/beta abrogates resistance to the multiplication of Friend erythroleukemia cells in the livers of allogeneic mice. AB - Friend erythroleukemia cells (FLC) (H-2d) injected intravenously into adult syngeneic DBA/2 or allogeneic C57B1/6 (H-2b) or C3H (H-2k) mice lodge in the liver but only multiply in the liver of syngeneic mice. Our results indicated that endogenous IFN-alpha/beta was a crucial factor in preventing the multiplication of FLC in the liver of adult allogeneic mice. (a) Treatment of allogeneic adult C57B1/6 or C3H mice with polyclonal antibody to mouse IFN alpha/beta (but not antibody to IFN-gamma) completely abrogated the resistance to the multiplication of FLC in the liver and 87% of tumor-injected, antibody treated C57B1/6 mice died with extensive tumor involvement of the liver. In contrast, after intravenous inoculation FLC do not multiply at all (or very rarely) in the liver of adult C57B1/6 mice left untreated or treated with a variety of control globulins, and no deaths occurred. (b) 8 h after intravenous inoculation of FLC, poly(A)+ RNA hybridizable with specific DNA probes for mouse IFN-alpha or -beta (but not -gamma) was present in the liver of injected C57B1/6 mice. Using the expression of the Mx protein as an indicator of the presence of IFN-alpha/beta, we showed that Mx+ congenic C57B1/6 mice injected with FLC exhibited a marked increase in the expression of the Mx protein in the liver, spleen, kidney and lung, and this increase was blocked by treatment of mice with antibody to IFN-alpha/beta. The possibility that different host mechanisms are elicited depending on the site of tumor growth in allogeneic mice is discussed. IFN-alpha/beta appears to be of particular importance in determining the resistance of the liver to FLC in allogeneic mice. PMID- 3171482 TI - Autoantibodies to the constitutive 73-kD member of the hsp70 family of heat shock proteins in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) frequently contain IgM and IgG autoantibodies to the constitutively expressed 73-kD/pI 5.5 member of the hsp70 family of heat shock proteins, as determined by one-dimensional (SDS PAGE) and two-dimensional (IEF/SDS-PAGE) immunoblotting, and by solid-phase SLE Ig immunoprecipitation experiments using hsp70 protein-specific mAbs as probes. Autoantibodies to hsp70 also were detected in a minority of sera from patients with other rheumatic or viral diseases, but not in normal sera. These data may provide additional insight into etiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms in this and related autoimmune disorders. PMID- 3171484 TI - Etiology of impotence. PMID- 3171485 TI - DINAMAP blood pressure monitor. PMID- 3171483 TI - Acidic precursor revealed in human eosinophil granule major basic protein cDNA. AB - Eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP), a potent toxin for helminths and various cell types, is a 13.8-kD single polypeptide rich in arginine with a calculated isoelectric point (pI) of 10.9. A cDNA for human MBP was isolated from a gamma GT10 HL-60 cDNA library. The nucleotide sequence of the MBP cDNA indicates that MBP is translated as a 25.2-kD preproprotein. The 9.9-kD pro portion of proMBP is rich in glutamic and aspartic acids and has a calculated pI of 3.9, while proMBP itself has a calculated pI of 6.2. We suggest that MBP is translated as a nontoxic precursor that protects the eosinophil from damage while the protein is processed through the endoplasmic reticulum to its sequestered site in the granule core toxic MBP, and we present results from the literature suggesting that other cationic toxins, which damage cell membranes, may also be processed from nontoxic precursors containing distinct anionic and cationic regions. PMID- 3171486 TI - Usefulness of home visits. PMID- 3171489 TI - Obstetric outcomes in a rural family practice: an eight-year experience. AB - There has been debate in some quarters of whether family physicians should do obstetrics and of whether rural hospitals should provide obstetric services. Forks, Washington, is a remote logging town where family physicians and midlevel practitioners have been the sole providers of labor and delivery services. Forks offers an opportunity to evaluate the quality of an isolated rural family practice obstetric service. A retrospective audit of all labor and delivery patient charts at Forks Community Hospital from 1975 to 1983 was undertaken; 1,052 charts were abstracted with 36 factors of morbidity, mortality, and intervention examined. The results, when compared with similar studies in the literature, provide evidence of good performance. In addition, a relatively high risk obstetric population was served with favorable outcomes. Family physicians and rural hospitals can provide high-quality obstetrical services. PMID- 3171487 TI - Access to obstetric care: a growing crisis. PMID- 3171488 TI - Caring for a paraplegic patient and her family. PMID- 3171490 TI - Patient response to sigmoidoscopy recommendations via mailed reminders. AB - The survey reported here was undertaken to determine how many people would schedule a sigmoidoscopy after being informed by letter about the American Cancer Society's (ACS's) recommendations for colorectal screening. Letters (1,024) were sent to all patients aged over 50 years who were registered in a community-based family practice residency program. Four hundred twenty-nine responded. Of those who responded, 16.8 percent indicated interest in a rectal examination, 21 percent were interested in testing their stool for occult blood, 13.1 percent desired a sigmoidoscopy, and 11.7 percent indicated that they had previously had a sigmoidoscopy. The following reasons were given by responders who were not interested in sigmoidoscopy: 42 percent felt good and did not perceive a need, 31 percent were concerned about cost, 12.1 percent were concerned about discomfort, and 8.6 percent stated fear as a reason for their response. Of the 56 patients who indicated interest in a sigmoidoscopy, 10 patients had the procedure done (flexible 60-cm sigmoidoscope). Although the ACS recommends that everyone aged over 50 years have a sigmoidoscopy, few patients in this population who responded have had the procedure done. Encouragement and education for patients in colorectal screening, however, is worthwhile. Two colorectal carcinomas were detected as a result of this survey. PMID- 3171491 TI - A psychosocial description of a select group of infertile couples. AB - Increasing attention in the literature has focused on the relationship between psychosocial factors and infertility. This study presents a psychosocial profile of infertile couples over a two-year period. During this period, psychosocial data including life change, social support, and personality traits were obtained prospectively from 134 individuals participating in the In Vitro Fertilization Program of the Jones Institute of Reproductive Medicine at the Eastern Virginia Medical School. Instruments utilized included the Life Experiences Survey, the Family APGAR, the Friends APGAR, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control, and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Despite the presumed adverse psychological influence of their infertility, Life Experience Survey scores for both men and women did not differ significantly from normative data. Family APGAR scores indicated a high degree of satisfaction with family function. Friends APGAR scores were somewhat lower than normative data. The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control, a measure of perception regarding factors influencing health outcomes, was unremarkable. The Eysenck Personality Inventory revealed a lower score on the neuroticism scale for the men. These psychosocial results were surprisingly normal. PMID- 3171492 TI - How patients and physicians address each other in the office. AB - Six hundred four patients in three primary care office settings were asked whether they preferred to be addressed by their physician by their first or last name and whether they preferred to address their physician by first or last name. Actual use of first vs last name by the physician addressing the patient and the patient addressing the physician was also recorded. Of the patients expressing a preference, 96 percent preferred that their physician address them by first name while 87 percent noted that this gesture actually occurred. Forty percent of the patients preferred to address the physician by first name while 14 percent actually did so. These findings suggest that physicians can feel comfortable addressing almost all of their patients by first name and that many of their patients may desire to address them by their first name. It is suggested that the physician at the time of the patient's first visit clarify the manner in which each addresses the other. PMID- 3171493 TI - Chronic compartment syndrome in a nonathletic elderly man. PMID- 3171494 TI - Patient telephone call documentation. Quality implications and an attempted intervention. PMID- 3171495 TI - The "slow code": a hidden conflict. PMID- 3171496 TI - Management of pharyngitis. PMID- 3171497 TI - The presence of counsel at forensic psychiatric examinations. AB - In virtually all situations involving forensic psychiatric assessments, the patient is represented by counsel. But does this fact entitle the lawyer to be present at the clinical evaluation? In a series of New York cases spanning a generation, judges have allowed presence of counsel at the psychiatric examination. The most common reason given for such a conclusion is to assure better cross-examination of the expert witness. Psychiatric evaluations mandated by law necessitate several guidelines different from those of the usual doctor/patient relationship. While we may have to accept the presence of attorneys in our consulting rooms, they should be observers only. To allow active intervention would distort the clinical process. PMID- 3171499 TI - Sacralization of a sixth lumbar vertebra and its effect upon the estimation of living stature. AB - Stature is estimated in a case presenting a sacralized sixth lumbar vertebra using both Fully's anatomical method and Trotter and Gleser's stature estimation formulas. In this case, where antemortem stature is known, the accuracy of the anatomical method is enhanced by including the height of the actual S1 segment in the calculation, while the accuracy of the Trotter and Gleser estimate is enhanced by adding the height of the extra vertebra to the stature estimate. PMID- 3171498 TI - A simple pattern method for alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein typing. AB - An improved method for the separation of the genetic variants of the human serum alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein using isoelectric focusing in ultrathin-layer polyacrylamide gel containing carrier ampholyte pH 4 to 6.5 gradient and neuraminidase pretreated samples is described. The pattern obtained is simple, easily interpretable, and reproducible. PMID- 3171500 TI - Evidentiary value of the contents of hollow-point bullets. AB - The fortuitous recovery of material trapped within the cavity of a hollow-point bullet at autopsy was demonstrated to be of evidentiary value. Analysis of this material, as well as that from hollow-point bullets from test-firings, showed that the contents, especially if in multiple layers, could be correlated with the series of intermediate targets perforated. In the case presented, this aided investigators in determining how many bullets actually struck the victim. Frequently displaced, especially if distortion of the hollow point has occurred, this tidbit of trace evidence is worth recovering and analyzing. PMID- 3171501 TI - Tissue distribution of ethosuximide and clobazam in a seizure related fatality. AB - The case of a six-year-old male who died in a hospital while receiving several anticonvulsant drugs is described. Phenytoin, desmethyldiazepam, clobazam (an experimental 1,5 benzodiazepine), and desmethylclobazam were quantitated in serum, liver, and brain tissue by high performance liquid chromatography. Ethosuximide was quantitated by gas chromatography. To our knowledge, this is one of few reports describing tissue concentrations of ethosuximide collected at autopsy and the first report of clobazam/desmethylclobazam tissue distribution in man. PMID- 3171502 TI - Interpretation of blood and urine cannabinoid concentrations. PMID- 3171503 TI - SOFT position statement on HHS guidelines for forensic toxicology laboratory analyses. Society of Forensic Toxicologists, Inc. PMID- 3171504 TI - Discussion of "An attempt at determining probabilities in human scalp hair comparison". PMID- 3171505 TI - Hazards in the forensic science laboratory: legal implications. PMID- 3171506 TI - The medical investigation of airship accidents. AB - A review of the autopsy reports for 18 of 21 victims in 3 of the 4 nonrigid Navy airship accidents during the period 1955 to 1966 revealed that the patterns of injury, complicated by postcrash entrapment, immersion, or fire, are similar to the injuries observed in the low-speed, low-altitude crashes of rigid airships and of light aircraft. With the renewed interest in the development of airships for military purposes, there is a need for improved design related to crashworthiness and to aircrew habitability, safety, restraint, and egress in order to enhance the chance for survival in the event of an accident. PMID- 3171507 TI - The spectrum of neuropathologic findings in deaths associated with seizure disorders. AB - The pathologic and neuropathologic findings in 90 autopsied cases of death associated with a seizure disorder or complication thereof were reviewed. Most (69%) of the deceased individuals were between 21 and 40 years of age; two thirds were male. In 58% of patients, no cause of death other than seizure disorder was found. The ultimate cause of death in those patients was assumed to be a cardiac arrhythmia or respiratory arrest. Drowning accounted for 19% of deaths, and 17% of patients died of other contributory causes such as suicide, exposure, or atherosclerotic coronary vascular disease. Aspiration was found in the remaining 6%. Tongue lacerations or bite marks were observed in only one third of cases. The brain was normal in approximately two thirds of cases, with no focus for the origination of seizure found on neuropathologic examination. In the remainder of cases, a variety of lesions was found, with cavitary lesions, contusions, and dural lesions being the most common ones. PMID- 3171509 TI - Comparison of laser and high-intensity quartz arc tubes in the detection of body secretions. AB - The detection capabilities of both laser and high-intensity quartz arc tubes were evaluated. The Spectra-Physics Model 171-19, 18-W argon ion laser and Laser Sonics Model CS-2, 200-mW air-cooled argon ion laser were compared with Payton Scientific's Luma-Print, high-intensity quartz arc tube. The light sources were evaluated as to their detection limits for various biological stains. The stains that were evaluated had been made during prior research. These stains had been stored at room temperature for approximately two years. The stains were a serial dilution made from semen, saliva, and sweat specimens and were examined using both laser light sources and the high-intensity quartz arc tube. The advantages and disadvantages of each light source in relationship to its initial costs and potential use in forensic serology are discussed. PMID- 3171508 TI - An alternative, effective substrate for erythrocyte acid phosphatase phenotype determinations. AB - A method is described for obtaining nondiffusing, nonfading fluorogenic zymograms for erythrocyte acid phosphatase variants separated by isoelectric focusing. The synthetic substrate 4-trifluoromethylcoumarin phosphate was impregnated into cellulose diacetate membranes and air-dried overnight. After isoelectric focusing, the substrate overlay membrane was rehydrated in 0.05M citrate buffer, pH 4.0, lightly blotted, and overlayed on the gel. A 5- to 10-min incubation at 37 degrees C produced intensely fluorescing, light-blue bands on the diacetate membrane. Interaction of the trifluoromethyl group on the substrate with hydrophobic regions of the diacetate membrane impeded diffusion, yielding a permanent zymogram. There were no discrepancies in phenotype determinations using this method when compared with the 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate assay approach. Further, an increased number of conclusive calls were obtained (91.8 versus 79.5% and 54.1 versus 34.9%) with this new assay when compared with the 4 methylumbelliferyl phosphate substrate on known liquid bloods and questioned dried bloodstains, respectively. PMID- 3171510 TI - The Computer-Assisted Postmortem Identification (CAPMI) System: a computer-based identification program. AB - The Computer-Assisted Postmortem Identification (CAPMI) system was developed at the U.S. Army Institute of Dental Research to facilitate rapid identification of human remains. The increasing requirement for dental based identification of high energy fatalities and decomposed remains has dovetailed with the development of computer capabilities permitting automation of most of the highly repetitive chart-by-chart screenings characteristic of traditional identification taskings. This report summarizes the concepts upon which CAPMI is based, describes how it works, and reviews suggested applications and limitations. CAPMI software is available to governmental, civic, or humanitarian organizations at no cost. PMID- 3171511 TI - Tooth mark artifacts and survival of bones in animal scavenged human skeletons. AB - Animal scavenging activity can result in production of tooth mark artifacts. Such activity can confound interpretation of skeletal material and the identification process. To date, these topics have received limited attention in the forensic science literature. This study discusses the nature of various animal tooth mark artifacts and typical damage to selected bony elements. This study also assesses survivability of various skeletal elements over time. Two major factors that affect which bones are recovered and the amount of damage are circumstances which shelter remains from animals and human population density of the area where the skeleton is recovered. PMID- 3171512 TI - What went wrong with nursing? PMID- 3171513 TI - Reporting of AIDS cases mandatory. PMID- 3171514 TI - Ethics in the legal profession. "Fact or fiction". PMID- 3171515 TI - Computed tomography of pulmonary nodule using a standard reference chest phantom. PMID- 3171516 TI - A survey of university students' AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes. PMID- 3171517 TI - Economic stresses of AIDS: lessons for the United States and Florida. PMID- 3171519 TI - USF provides AIDS education for health providers. PMID- 3171518 TI - Hospitals ban smoking. PMID- 3171520 TI - In search of equity amidst unity. PMID- 3171521 TI - Legalizing drugs is humane and may work. PMID- 3171523 TI - A plea for euthanasia. PMID- 3171522 TI - Selected reflections on hepatobiliary disease. PMID- 3171524 TI - Housecleaning in medicine needed. PMID- 3171525 TI - Does the Intoxilyzer 4011AS-A conform to the Beer-Lambert law? PMID- 3171526 TI - Influences of tumor cell number upon rejection ability and morphologic response of murine spleen. PMID- 3171528 TI - Anticardiolipin antibodies: isotype distribution and clinical significance. PMID- 3171529 TI - Serum CA 125 levels in benign and malignant gynecologic diseases. PMID- 3171527 TI - Relevance of nuclear DNA content to tumor clonogenic assay in lung cancer. PMID- 3171530 TI - Radiological survey of hemophilic arthropathy in Taiwan. PMID- 3171531 TI - Inflammatory fibroid polyp of the stomach: report of a case. PMID- 3171532 TI - [Choroidal osteoma: report of a case with distinct enlargement within 10 months]. PMID- 3171533 TI - Structural states in the Z band of skeletal muscle correlate with states of active and passive tension. AB - In skeletal muscle Z bands, the ends of the thin contractile filaments interdigitate in a tetragonal array of axial filaments held together by periodically cross-connecting Z filaments. Changes in these two sets of filaments are responsible for two distinct structural states observed in cross section, the small-square and basketweave forms. We have examined Z bands and A bands in relaxed, tetanized, stretched, and stretched and tetanized rat soleus muscles by electron microscopy and optical diffraction. In relaxed muscle, the A-band spacing decreases with increasing load and sarcomere length, but the Z lattice remains in the small-square form and the Z spacing changes only slightly. In tetanized muscle at sarcomere lengths up to 2.7 micron, the Z lattice assumes the basketweave form and the Z spacing is increased. The increased Z spacing is not the result of sarcomere shortening. Further, passive tension is not sufficient to cause this change in the Z lattice; active tension is necessary. PMID- 3171535 TI - Activation by divalent cations of a Ca2+-activated K+ channel from skeletal muscle membrane. AB - Several divalent cations were studied as agonists of a Ca2+-activated K+ channel obtained from rat muscle membranes and incorporated into planar lipid bilayers. The effect of these agonists on single-channel currents was tested in the absence and in the presence of Ca2+. Among the divalent cations that activate the channel, Ca2+ is the most effective, followed by Cd2+, Sr2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, and Co2+. Mg2+, Ni2+, Ba2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, and Sn2+ are ineffective. The voltage dependence of channel activation is the same for all the divalent cations. The time-averaged probability of the open state is a sigmoidal function of the divalent cation concentration. The sigmoidal curves are described by a dissociation constant K and a Hill coefficient N. The values of these parameters, measured at 80 mV are: N = 2.1, K = 4 X 10(-7) mMN for Ca2+; N = 3.0, K = 0.02 mMN for Cd2+; N = 1.45, K = 0.63 mMN for Sr2+; N = 1.7, K = 0.94 mMN for Mn2+; N = 1.1, K = 3.0 mMN for Fe2+; and N = 1.1 K = 4.35 mMN for Co2+. In the presence of Ca2+, the divalent cations Cd2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+ are able to increase the apparent affinity of the channel for Ca2+ and they increase the Hill coefficient in a concentration-dependent fashion. These divalent cations are only effective when added to the cytoplasmic side of the channel. We suggest that these divalent cations can bind to the channel, unmasking new Ca2+ sites. PMID- 3171534 TI - Adaptation of a deep-sea cephalopod to the photic environment. Evidence for three visual pigments. AB - Watasenia scintillans, a bioluminescent deep-sea squid, has a specially developed eye with a large open pupil and three visual pigments. Photoreceptor cells (outer segment: 476 micron; inner segment: 99 micron) were long in the small area of the ventral retina receiving downwelling light, whereas they were short (outer segment: 207 micron; inner segment: 44 micron) in the other regions of the retina. The short photoreceptor cells contained the visual pigment with retinal (lambda max approximately 484 nm), probably for the purpose of adapting to their environmental light. The outer segment of the long photoreceptor cells consisted of two strata, a pinkish proximal area and a yellow distal area. The visual pigment with 3-dehydroretinal (lambda max approximately 500 nm) was located in the pinkish proximal area, giving high sensitivity at longer wavelengths. A newly found pigment (lambda max approximately 471 nm) was in the yellow distal area. The small area of the ventral retina containing two visual pigments is thought to have a high and broad spectral sensitivity, which is useful for distinguishing the bioluminescence of squids of the same species in their environmental downwelling light. These findings were obtained by partial bleaching of the extracted pigment from various areas of the retina and by high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the chromophore, complemented by microscopic observations. PMID- 3171537 TI - Modification of a carboxyl group that appears to cross the permeability barrier in the red blood cell anion transporter. AB - A recently developed method for converting protein carboxyl groups to alcohols has been used to examine the functional role of carboxyl groups in the red blood cell inorganic anion-transport protein (band 3). A major goal of the work was to investigate the carboxyl group that is protonated during the proton-sulfate cotransport that takes place during net chloride-sulfate exchange. Three kinds of evidence indicate that the chemical modification (Woodward's reagent K followed by borohydride) converts this carboxyl to an alcohol. First, monovalent anion exchange is inhibited irreversibly. Second, the modification stimulates sulfate influx into chloride-loaded cells and nearly eliminates the extracellular pH dependence of the sulfate influx. (The stimulated sulfate influx in the modified cells is inhibitable by stilbenedisulfonate.) Third, the proton influx normally associated with chloride-sulfate exchange is inhibited by the modification. These results would all be expected if the titratable carboxyl group were converted into the untitratable, neutral alcohol. In addition to altering the extracellular pH dependence of sulfate influx, the chemical modification removes the intracellular pH dependence of sulfate efflux. The modification is performed under conditions in which the reagent does not cross the permeability barrier. The large effect on the intracellular pH dependence of sulfate transport suggests that a single carboxyl group can at different times be in contact with the aqueous medium on each side of the permeability barrier. PMID- 3171536 TI - Sugar-activated ion transport in canine lingual epithelium. Implications for sugar taste transduction. AB - There is good evidence indicating that ion-transport pathways in the apical regions of lingual epithelial cells, including taste bud cells, may play a role in salt taste reception. In this article, we present evidence that, in the case of the dog, there also exists a sugar-activated ion-transport pathway that is linked to sugar taste transduction. Evidence was drawn from two parallel lines of experiments: (a) ion-transport studies on the isolated canine lingual epithelium, and (b) recordings from the canine chorda tympani. The results in vitro showed that both mono- and disaccharides in the mucosal bath stimulate a dose-dependent increase in the short-circuit current over the concentration range coincident with mammalian sugar taste responses. Transepithelial current evoked by glucose, fructose, or sucrose in either 30 mM NaCl or in Krebs-Henseleit buffer (K-H) was partially blocked by amiloride. Among current carriers activated by saccharides, the current response was greater with Na than with K. Ion flux measurements in K H during stimulation with 3-O-methylglucose showed that the sugar-evoked current was due to an increase in the Na influx. Ouabain or amiloride reduced the sugar evoked Na influx without effect on sugar transport as measured with tritiated 3-O methylglucose. Amiloride inhibited the canine chorda tympani response to 0.5 M NaCl by 70-80% and the response to 0.5 M KCl by approximately 40%. This agreed with the percent inhibition by amiloride of the short-circuit current supported in vitro by NaCl and KCl. Amiloride also partially inhibited the chorda tympani responses to sucrose and to fructose. The results indicate that in the dog: (a) the ion transporter subserving Na taste also subserves part of the response to K, and (b) a sugar-activated, Na-preferring ion-transport system is one mechanism mediating sugar taste transduction. Results in the literature indicate a similar sweet taste mechanism for humans. PMID- 3171538 TI - Potassium conductance of the squid giant axon. Single-channel studies. AB - The patch-clamp technique was implemented in the cut-open squid giant axon and used to record single K channels. We present evidence for the existence of three distinct types of channel activities. In patches that contained three to eight channels, ensemble fluctuation analysis was performed to obtain an estimate of 17.4 pS for the single-channel conductance. Averaged currents obtained from these multichannel patches had a time course of activation similar to that of macroscopic K currents recorded from perfused squid giant axons. In patches where single events could be recorded, it was possible to find channels with conductances of 10, 20, and 40 pS. The channel most frequently encountered was the 20-pS channel; for a pulse to 50 mV, this channel had a probability of being open of 0.9. In other single-channel patches, a channel with a conductance of 40 pS was present. The activity of this channel varied from patch to patch. In some patches, it showed a very low probability of being open (0.16 for a pulse to 50 mV) and had a pronounced lag in its activation time course. In other patches, the 40-pS channel had a much higher probability of being open (0.75 at a holding potential of 50 mV). The 40-pS channel was found to be quite selective for K over Na. In some experiments, the cut-open axon was exposed to a solution containing no K for several minutes. A channel with a conductance of 10 pS was more frequently observed after this treatment. Our study shows that the macroscopic K conductance is a composite of several K channel types, but the relative contribution of each type is not yet clear. The time course of activation of the 20-pS channel and the ability to render it refractory to activation only by holding the membrane potential at a positive potential for several seconds makes it likely that it is the predominant channel contributing to the delayed rectifier conductance. PMID- 3171539 TI - Temperate phages and bacteriocins of the gliding bacterium Cytophaga johnsonae. AB - A collection of 30 independently isolated strains of Cytophaga johnsonae was screened for the presence of temperate bacteriophages. Two strains were found to harbour phages. The newly isolated phages differ in several respects from the 43 previously isolated phages for C. johnsonae. Both phages are polyhedral, approximately 60 nm in diameter, and have no apparent tail structure. They are chloroform sensitive, and plaque formation is inhibited by agar. Both are capable of establishing a stable association with host cells. Twenty-nine of the 30 strains produced diffusible substances that specifically inhibited the growth of other C. johnsonae strains or closely related species and that could not be propagated. These substances appear to be bacteriocins, some of which, like bacteriophages, are active only against motile cells, while other inhibit nonmotile as well as motile cells. One of each of these two types of bacteriocins was partially characterized and both were found to be proteinaceous in nature and bactericidal in effect. PMID- 3171540 TI - The surface layer of Mycoplasma mobile 163K and its possible relevance to cell cohesion and group motility. AB - Mycoplasma mobile strain 163K tends to move in multicellular configurations, either as pairs or small groups of three or more cells, or as chain-like aggregations or microcolonies. Such wandering groups arise by transient association of independently moving cells. This behaviour of M. mobile was microscopically investigated and documented by sequences of microcinematographic pictures, as well as by photomicrographically recorded motility tracks. The presence of an extracellular slime layer was demonstrated in thin sections, by negative staining and by scanning electron microscopy. The possible association of this layer with the cohesive properties of the mycoplasma cells, enabling the formation of wandering groups, is discussed and a calculation of the magnitude of the cohesive force is provided. PMID- 3171541 TI - DNA:DNA reassociation analysis of Aeromonas salmonicida. AB - DNA from 26 Aeromonas salmonicida strains, namely 11 'typical' and 15 so-called 'atypical' strains, was used to assess the taxonomic relatedness within the species. The genomes were characterized by determination of DNA base composition, DNA:DNA reassociation, calculation of sequence divergence following reassociation, and by genome size estimations. By comparison with DNA obtained from controls and the Aeromonas hydrophila group, A. salmonicida strains were determined to be correctly placed with respect to genus and species. A. salmonicida subspecies salmonicida (the 'typical' group) was an extremely homogeneous taxon. The 'atypical' strains were more diverse, but distinct biotypes were recognizable. The first biotype included several geographically diverse isolates from goldfish. The second recognizable biotype included strains isolated from European carp. Other 'atypical' isolates could not be grouped but showed enough internal homology to be retained within the species. The A. salmonicida subspecies achromogenes and masoucida were found to be closely related to the motile aeromonads. It is considered that the present classification of A. salmonicida is unsuitable and should be restructured to include A. salmonicida subspecies salmonicida, subspecies achromogenes (to include the present subspecies masoucida), and the reintroduced subspecies nova. PMID- 3171542 TI - Characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. intermedia, Y. aldovae, Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii and Y. pseudotuberculosis by electrophoretic polymorphism of acid phosphatase, esterases, and glutamate and malate dehydrogenases. AB - Acid phosphatase, esterases, and glutamate and malate dehydrogenases of 192 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. intermedia, Y. aldovae, Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii and Y. pseudotuberculosis were analysed by horizontal polyacrylamide agarose gel electrophoresis and by isoelectrofocusing in thin layer polyacrylamide gels. The six species were clearly separated from each other by their distinct enzyme electrophoretic polymorphism. For Y. enterocolitica, the strains of biotype 5 were differentiated from the other biotypes by the mobility of glutamate dehydrogenase. For Y. frederiksenii, six zymotypes were delineated by pI and by the mobility of the enzymes. Variation in number or mobility of esterases within each species could represent a marker for epidemiological and ecological analyses. A linear relationship was obtained between the mean genetic diversity coefficient of enzymes and the mean percentage DNA-DNA relatedness of Y. intermedia, Y. aldovae, Y. enterocolitica and Y. frederiksenii. PMID- 3171543 TI - Characteristics of glutamate dehydrogenase, a new diagnostic marker for the genus Fusobacterium. AB - Enzymes representative of carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism were screened for their presence and activity amongst species of the genus Fusobacterium. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was reliably detected in all 25 strains studied. The pH profile of this enzyme and the DNA base composition of selected strains were also determined. DNA base composition of selected strains ranged between 28-32.9 mol% G + C. GDH was active between pH 7.5-11.5 but two pH profiles of activity, with optima at 9.5 and 10.5, were discernible among species. Apart from Fusobacterium nucleatum, which had a heterogeneous enzyme pattern, the GDH electrophoretic mobility was constant within a species but in a few cases the enzyme bands overlapped. A combination of the pH profile, the GDH electrophoretic pattern and the DNA base composition provided clear separation of the test organisms into discrete groups; however, a larger number of strains must be examined before the full potential of these tests can be evaluated. PMID- 3171544 TI - Genetic analysis in Streptomyces ambofaciens. AB - A chromosomal linkage map of ten markers was established for Streptomyces ambofaciens by the four-factor cross method and allele-gradient analysis. Mutants were obtained by nitrous acid treatment as well as UV mutagenesis. The fertility of crosses was enhanced over 100-fold by pSAM2, a plasmid present in some strains of S. ambofaciens, and over 1000-fold by the conjugative plasmid pIJ303. PMID- 3171545 TI - Functional analysis of the adsorption protein of two filamentous phages with different host specificities. AB - The gene 3 coding for one minor coat protein (adsorption protein) of phage IKe was cloned into an expression plasmid and overproduced. The presence of a promoter for this gene could be demonstrated as well as the incorporation of the IKe gene 3 protein (g3p) into the cytoplasmic membrane of host cells. When 110 carboxy-terminal amino acids were deleted, the truncated protein was translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane into the periplasm. Thus the deleted amino acids bear a membrane anchor domain. In contrast to the partly homologous g3p of the Ff phages, IKe g3p did not alter the membrane properties of its host. IKe g3p was not incorporated into Ff phage particles in amounts detectable by our assays although the presence of IKe g3p may affect the efficiency of Ff phage production. The existence of a structural feature necessary for the specific recognition of the respective g3p during phage assembly is deduced. PMID- 3171546 TI - Immunological reaction of guinea-pigs following intranasal Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and immunization with the 168 kDa adherence protein. AB - Humoral responses to Mycoplasma pneumoniae proteins, especially the 168 kDa protein, were demonstrated by Western blotting in sera and bronchial washings of all groups of infected or immunized guinea-pigs. However, infection was not prevented by these local and systemic antibodies. Hilar lymphocytes of infected and immunized guinea-pigs were stimulated in vitro by sonicated M. pneumoniae antigen and by the 168 kDa protein. Stimulation was significantly lower in animals which had been infected twice or had been preimmunized and challenged by infection. Histologically the most severe lesions were seen in the twice-infected group followed by the preimmunized group which was subsequently infected. PMID- 3171547 TI - A phospholipase C from the Dallas 1E strain of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 5: purification and characterization of conditions for optimal activity with an artificial substrate. AB - Phospholipase C from the Dallas 1E strain of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 5 was purified from buffered yeast extract culture supernate by ion-exchange chromatography followed by fractionation by manganous chloride and ammonium sulphate precipitation steps. Enzyme activity was assayed by hydrolysis of p nitrophenylphosphorylcholine and confirmed by release of radioactivity from tritiated L-alpha-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine labelled in the methyl groups of choline. After SDS-PAGE, the purified preparation yielded a single band upon Coomassie-blue staining. This protein migrated with an apparent Mr of 50,000 54,000. Phospholipase C activity was maximal at pH greater than or equal to 8.4 and was enhanced in the presence of sorbitol and of several nonionic detergents but was eliminated by SDS. EDTA, Cu2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+ inhibited enzyme activity, whereas Ba2+, Ca2+, Co2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ restored activity to EDTA-treated material. No haemolytic activity was demonstrated with the purified enzyme. PMID- 3171548 TI - A specific DNA probe for the identification of Campylobacter jejuni. AB - A 6.1 kb DNA probe for the human enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni has been isolated from a genomic library constructed in the plasmid vector pBR322 in Escherichia coli. The DNA sequence used as a probe was identified from recombinant plasmids following immunological screening of transformants using polyclonal antisera to whole cells and to membrane antigens of C. jejuni. Restriction endonuclease fragment mapping of C. jejuni DNA inserts from three of the recombinant plasmids showed an overlapping DNA fragment. One of these recombinant plasmids, when used as a DNA probe in Southern hybridization, specifically hybridized with chromosomal DNA from all of the C. jejuni strains tested. Hybridization was not detected at high stringency between the DNA probe and chromosomal DNA from any other Campylobacter species tested except weakly with the chromosomal DNA of strains of Campylobacter coli. Hybridization was also not detected with chromosomal DNA from a range of other enteric bacteria likely to be encountered in faecal material. The intensity of hybridization with C. coli could be increased by reducing the stringency of hybridization. PMID- 3171549 TI - Immunization with solid matrix-antibody-antigen complexes containing surface or internal virus structural proteins protects mice from infection with the paramyxovirus, simian virus 5. AB - A mouse model system has been developed to examine the ability of purified virus proteins to protect mice from infection with the paramyxovirus simian virus 5. The system is based on the infection of mouse lungs by intranasal administration of infectious virus. The relative amounts of virus proteins and nucleic acid present within infected lungs were estimated either by Western blot analysis of disrupted lung tissues or by in situ hybridization studies using cryostat sections of infected lungs. During a normal time course of infection in non immunized mice increasing amounts of virus protein and nucleic acid were detected in the lungs until 3 days post-infection (p.i.). Thereafter the amount of virus present within the lungs remained relatively constant until 7 days p.i. when there was a rapid decrease. Cytotoxic T cells, but not neutralizing antibody, could be detected at the time when the amount of virus within the lungs was decreasing. Prior immunization of mice with solid matrix-antibody-antigen (SMAA) complexes containing either surface or internal virus structural proteins reduced the amount of virus replication within infected lungs, the greatest degree of protection being observed when nucleoprotein or matrix protein was used to immunize the mice. There was no correlation between the degree of protection observed and the level of neutralizing antibody present in immunized animals; no neutralizing antibody was detected in mice immunized with internal virus proteins even at the time of sacrifice 5 days p.i. We have previously shown that immunization of mice with SMAA complexes containing either surface or internal virus structural proteins can induce cytotoxic T cells and thus conclude that the most likely explanation for the protection observed in immunized mice is through the induction of cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 3171550 TI - Difference in the production of human interferon-alpha and -beta in mouse cells. AB - Human interferon-alpha 1 and interferon-beta genes with their flanking regions were introduced into mouse LMTK- cells. Although transfected cells contained the interferon genes with a similar copy number and produced a similar amount of interferon-specific mRNA, cells containing the human interferon-beta gene secreted about 10 times more human interferon than cells transfected with the human interferon-alpha 1 gene. When the coding region of the interferon-beta gene was replaced by that of the interferon-alpha 1 gene (hybrid interferon beta/alpha gene), the human interferon production of transfected cells fell by approx. one order of magnitude. These results show that in the case of exogenous interferon genes a translational or post-translational mechanism might significantly affect the final level of human interferons, resulting in higher titres of interferon beta than of interferon-alpha. PMID- 3171551 TI - Minute virus of mice non-structural protein NS-1 is necessary and sufficient for trans-activation of the viral P39 promoter. AB - The genome of the autonomous parvovirus minute virus of mice (MVM) is organized in two overlapping transcription units: the genes coding for the two non structural proteins (NS-1 ad NS-2) are transcribed from a promoter (P04) located at map unit 4, whereas the promoter controlling the capsid protein genes (P39) lies at map unit 39. We studied the effect of viral proteins on the activity of the P39 promoter in vivo. By site-directed mutagenesis we constructed clones encoding only one of the two NS proteins. The activity of the P39 promoter was measured in HeLa or EL-4 cells transfected with these clones, either by an RNase protection assay or by following the expression of a reporter gene, CAT (which codes for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase), placed under the control of this promoter. We found that the P39 promoter of strain MVMi is activated in trans by a viral gene product, and evidence to suggest that NS-1 is the only viral gene product responsible for this trans-activation. We also determined that the mechanism of trans-activation is very rapid, since all species of viral mRNAs appear together in non-synchronized infected EL-4 cells within a 2 h interval. PMID- 3171552 TI - Typing hepatitis B virus by homology in nucleotide sequence: comparison of surface antigen subtypes. AB - The complete nucleotide sequences of the DNA of three hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes of subtype adw, cloned from plasma samples of asymptomatic carriers living in the mainland and Okinawa Prefecture of Japan and Indonesia were determined. All three comprised 3215 bp and differed in sequence by only 3.9 to 5.6%. When these isolates were compared with the reported sequences of two HBV genomes of the same subtype derived from American carriers, however, the differences were greater (8.3 to 9.3% to an extent comparable with the nucleotide divergence between an HBV genome of subtype adw and that of a heterotypic subtype, such as adr, ayw or ayr. A total of 18 HBV genomes of various subtypes, including the three described here, 10 reported previously and five unpublished ones, were classified into four groups based on an inter-group divergence in nucleotide sequence of 8% or greater: group A (two adw genomes), group B (four adw), group C (three adw, four adr and one ayr) and group D (four ayw). Thus, the nine genomes of HBV subtype adw were distributed into three groups with considerably different sequences. These results indicate that the four major antigenically defined subtypes of envelope polypeptide do not reflect true genotypic variation of HBV. The fact that d to y, as well as w to r, subtypic change can be induced by an A----G point mutation at nucleotides 365 and 479 in the S gene, respectively, supports this view. PMID- 3171554 TI - The morphology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by negative staining. AB - We have examined preparations of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 by negative staining electron microscopy. HIV-2 cultures contained large numbers of 130-200 nm particles containing a 130-nm-long by 30-70 nm-wide core. This core is probably of conical or pear-shaped morphology. Some particles exhibited a short fringe that could be seen to comprise a regular arrangement of repeating subunits when visualised end on. Identical particles were found in HIV-1 cultures but in much lower numbers. Attempts to carry out negative staining immune EM were unsuccessful. Also detected in both HIV-1 and HIV-2 cultures were small (70-80 nm) fringed viruslike particles. The possible significance of these particles is discussed. PMID- 3171553 TI - The fusion glycoproteins of human respiratory syncytial virus of subgroups A and B: sequence conservation provides a structural basis for antigenic relatedness. AB - Two major antigenic subgroups (A and B) have been described for human respiratory syncytial virus. The complete nucleotide sequence was determined for the fusion (F) mRNA of the subgroup B strain 18537 and the amino acid sequence of the F protein deduced, for comparison with the previously described sequences for the A2 strain of subgroup A. The F proteins (excluding the cleaved signal peptide) were 91% identical between the subgroups, consistent with the previously described high degree of antigenic relatedness. The greatest divergence occurred within the F2 subunit immediately preceding the cleavage activation site. PMID- 3171555 TI - Prognostic value of HBsAg/IgM complexes in hepatitis B patients: nature of the proteins involved. AB - Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)/IgM complexes were measured using a solid phase radioimmunoassay in sera of patients with acute or chronic hepatitis B. These complexes were found in 6 out of 18 patients four weeks after the onset of the disease and only one of them developed chronic hepatitis. HBsAg/IgM complexes correlated with HBsAg, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and pre-S2 concentration. The precipitation of HBsAg/IgM reactivity by polyethylene-glycol (PEG) and the binding of this activity to the surface of certain uncoated enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plates indicates that HBsAg/IgM positivity may reflect the presence of circulating complexes in serum. HBsAg and pre-S2 were found as components of the complexes but anti-HBs, anti-pre-S2, and polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA) were not. An immune binding between HBsAg and IgM is still questionable. Whatever the nature of the HBsAg/IgM complexes, their detection does not seem to be an earlier indicator of prognosis than HBeAg and/or pre-S2. PMID- 3171556 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of core antigens for clinical diagnosis of influenza. AB - A solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with monoclonal secondary antibodies was used to detect matrix protein and nucleoprotein of influenza A. The sensitivity of the ELISA for highly purified A/Brazil nucleoprotein and matrix protein was 0.05 and 1.0 ng, respectively. Nasal washes from 10 of 20 adult subjects with culture-proven, naturally acquired infection caused by A/Brazil/11/78-like influenza virus were positive in the test, and 2 of 13 subjects with rhinovirus infection were falsely positive. To determine if ELISA results could be improved, nasal washes were obtained from 21 adult volunteers who had been inoculated intranasally with wild-type A/Korea/1/82 (five subjects) or A/Korea recombinants with matrix protein or RNA-2 protein of A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (16 subjects), and the nasal washes were processed by a variety of methods. Prompt addition of sodium azide to the nasal washes to limit bacterial growth, avoidance of freezing, and the use of an antiproteolytic agent all failed to improve ELISA results noticeably. Under the best conditions, ELISA was positive in only 12 of the 21 experimentally infected subjects and in 1 of 15 uninfected controls. Positive ELISA results in experimentally infected subjects correlated significantly with the titer of live virus in the nasal washes (r = +0.506; P less than 0.001). Detection of gradient-purified whole influenza virus or isolated core antigen in ELISA was inhibited by prior incubation with nasal washes, and the inhibitory activity was only partly decreased by heat treatment of the secretions. At present, the use of ELISA for detection of influenza antigens in respiratory secretions is not sufficiently sensitive or specific for routine laboratory diagnosis of influenza. PMID- 3171557 TI - Immunogenicity and pathogenicity of temperature-sensitive modified respiratory syncytial virus in adult volunteers. AB - Single temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of a subgroup A strain of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus whose multiplication is restricted at 39 degrees C in MRC-6 cells and double ts mutants that are restricted at 38 degrees C, were obtained following mutagenesis using 5-fluorouracil and acridine-like compounds. Isolation and propagation of the parental RSS-2 strain of RS virus and its derived ts mutants were carried out entirely in MRC-5 human diploid cells. The immunogenicity and disease-producing ability of four of these mutants and the parental unmodified strain have been assessed by intranasal administration into groups of about 20 adult volunteers. The results of these trials indicate that the capacity of the parental RSS-2 strain to produce upper respiratory tract infection in adults was not diminished by limited propagation in MRC-5 cells. The mutants on the other hand were impaired in this respect to varying extents. The double mutant tslB in particular has characteristics that suggest that it may be suitable for further development as a live RS virus vaccine. It retained near normal immunogenicity and replicative ability in the upper respiratory tract, while exhibiting greatly reduced disease-producing potential. PMID- 3171558 TI - Successful postexposure vaccination against hepatitis B in chimpanzees. AB - To study the effect of postexposure vaccination, four chimpanzees were vaccinated with hepatitis B (HB) vaccine 4, 8, 48, and 72 hr, respectively, after intravenous injection of an infectious hepatitis B virus (HBV) inoculum. The second and third vaccine inoculations were given 2 and 6 weeks later, i.e., at considerably shorter intervals than recommended either for ordinary prophylactic vaccination or for postexposure vaccination in combination with hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG). The chimpanzees were followed for 1 year. None showed HBs antigenemia, liver enzyme elevation (ALT), or histopathological alterations in liver biopsies. Late appearance of anti-HBc was observed only in the serum of the animal whose series of vaccination started 72 hr after HBV inoculation. An unvaccinated control chimpanzee, which received the HBV inoculum only, developed clinical hepatitis B with ALT-elevations and HBs-antigenemia within 2 months of the experimental HBV inoculation. These results indicate that postexposure vaccination against hepatitis B begun within 48 hr after HBV exposure, with short intervals between the vaccine injections, can protect against hepatitis B infection also when concomitant HBIG-prophylaxis is not given. PMID- 3171560 TI - Sarcoidosis and sarcoidosis of the larynx. PMID- 3171559 TI - Detection of anti-delta antibodies among acute hepatitis B virus-infected patients. AB - A total of 130 acute HBsAg-positive subjects were tested for the presence of delta hepatitis antibodies (anti-HD). Of the 130 subjects, 56 were females and 74 were males. All patients were individuals attending the two teaching hospitals, i.e., Parirenyatwa and Harare Central hospitals. All the sera were examined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and results were read spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 492 nm. Of 130, 11 (19.64%) males had anti-HD present in the serum with an overall prevalence of 21 (16.15%). The positivity rates of HBeAg and anti-HBc were 64 (49.23%) and 116 (89.23%), respectively. There was no significant difference between the positive rate in males as compared to females. PMID- 3171561 TI - Medical student perspectives on the Louisiana Charity Hospital System. PMID- 3171562 TI - The cocaine epidemic: drug abuse patterns in New Orleans. PMID- 3171563 TI - Patient dignity, physician dignity, and medical education. PMID- 3171564 TI - The effect of method of biopsy and timing of mastectomy on the development of postmastectomy nosocomial wound infection. PMID- 3171565 TI - ECG of the month. Triumvirate. PMID- 3171566 TI - AIDS in Louisiana. PMID- 3171567 TI - The effect of oral contraceptives on lumbar bone density in premenopausal women. PMID- 3171569 TI - Disorders of olfaction. PMID- 3171568 TI - ECG of the month. Stretching the truth. Artifactual ECG. PMID- 3171570 TI - Age-related changes in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide levels and distribution in the rat lung. AB - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) levels and distribution were studied in the lung of young-adult (3-month-old) and aged (28-month-old) male Wistar rats by radioimmunoassay and immunofluorescence. VIP concentrations were reduced approximately by 60% as the animal ages. The density of VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibres was remarkably reduced within bronchial smooth muscle and bronchial glands. Moreover, the number of VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies located in intraparenchymal ganglia was decreased in old rats. The density of VIP-containing perivascular plexuses was slightly reduced in senescence. The present data are indicative that VIP neuronal system is impaired in the lung of old rats. In view of the significant age-dependent loss of VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibres that supply the bronchial tree and bronchial glands it cannot be excluded that the relaxant action exerted by peptide on airway smooth muscle and the control of bronchial secretion exerted by VIP are impaired in old age. PMID- 3171571 TI - Opposite effects of vasotocin and of a specific vasotocin antiserum on active sleep of kittens. AB - The effects of intracerebroventricularly administered synthetic arginine vasotocin (AVT) or undiluted AVT, vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) antisera on active sleep (AS) of newborn kittens have been investigated in comparison with rabbit serum control. In contrast to AVP and OT antisera, AVT antiserum has produced opposite effects on AS as AVT itself. Since after 10 microliter of undiluted AVT antiserum the percentage of AS did not decrease under 20% and even after 100 microliter AS did not decrease under 5%, it is concluded that, at least during perinatal life, AVT could be considered as a neuromodulator with AS promoting effect. PMID- 3171572 TI - Histochemical localisation of monoamine oxidase A and B in rat brain. AB - The histochemical distribution of monoamine oxidase A and B in rat brain was investigated using a coupled peroxidatic technique with benzylamine and tyramine as substrates and clorgyline and (-)-deprenyl as selective inhibitors. Benzylamine oxidase was absent in all areas. Both forms of monoamine oxidase were present, at low levels, in all areas; in addition several regions showed high activity of one or other form or both. Substantial activity of monoamine oxidase B was identified in the pineal gland, the lining of the ventricles, several hypothalamic regions, and the raphe nuclei. The locus coeruleus and interpeduncular nucleus possessed considerable type A activity. The substantia nigra and striatum showed no staining above the low general level, although the ventral tegmental area showed higher levels of both A and B. In general, noradrenaline-containing neuronal cell body areas showed monoamine oxidase A, and 5-hydroxytryptamine-rich areas monoamine oxidase B. There was no consistent enrichment of either in corresponding dopamine-rich regions. Monoamine oxidase thus appears to have a different role in these three types of neuron. The low level of monoamine oxidase B in the nigrostriatal tract may help to explain the resistance of the rat to MPTP toxicity. PMID- 3171573 TI - Creatinine and creatine in CSF: indices of brain energy metabolism in depression. Short note. AB - In an attempt to chemically estimate cerebral energy metabolism, creatine and creatinine was measured in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of up to 135 patients with RDC diagnoses of major depressive disorders. A strong positive age effect and a significant subdiagnostic difference were detected for both substances in CSF, but not in plasma. Primary unipolar patients had higher concentrations than either secondary unipolar or bipolar patients. Further, the two CSF measures correlated highly significantly and positively with the CSF monoamine metabolites HVA and 5-HIAA and the purine metabolites hypoxanthine and xanthine. Results indicate alterations in energy metabolism to be involved in affective disorders as well as in the regulation of monoamine and purine turnover. PMID- 3171575 TI - Disruption of muscle reorganization by lesions of the peripheral nerve in transforming claws of snapping shrimps. AB - We have performed surgical transections on nerves in the transforming claws of snapping shrimps. In normal transformation muscle restructuring occurs, involving degeneration of some fibers and biochemical changes in others. Surgical section of the entire second limb nerve root or of its distal, dorsal branch--both of which contain the motor axons to the closer muscle--prevents muscle restructuring, even though transformation of external claw morphology proceeds. Furthermore, nerve lesions must be performed within a specific time period after transformation has been triggered in order for the effects to be observed. We suggest that transformation involves an early sensitization of the targeted muscle and that this process depends upon an intact nervous pathway within the second nerve root. PMID- 3171574 TI - Activation of DUM cell interneurons by ventral giant interneurons in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. AB - Dorsal unpaired median (DUM) cells in orthopteran insects are known to contain the neuromodulatory substance octopamine, and DUM cells with peripheral axons augment synaptic activity at neuromuscular junctions. One of the most studied systems in the cockroach is the giant interneuron (GI) system which controls the initial movements of a wind-mediated escape response. Our data demonstrate that DUM cells that are restricted to the central nervous system (DUM interneurons) receive inputs from ventral giant interneurons (vGIs) but not from dorsal giant interneurons (dGIs). In contrast, DUM cells that have peripheral axons consistently fail to be excited by any giant interneurons. The DUM interneurons are excited by vGIs on both sides of the CNS and, when the vGIs are excited in pairs, summation occurs. Wind fields that have been generated for two of the DUM interneurons are omnidirectional. These data, taken along with the known association of DUM cells with the neuromodulatory substance octopamine, suggest that the DUM interneurons may act to modulate central synapses. PMID- 3171576 TI - Analysis of proprioceptive inputs to DPG interneurons in the cockroach. AB - In this study we report on morphological and physiological analysis of proprioceptive sensory input to thoracic interneurons. Sensory neurons from leg proprioceptors were filled using cobalt chloride. The morphological location of these sensory neurons was compared with that of the DPG interneurons. The interneurons investigated were found to have morphological overlap with the sensory neurons of the specific proprioceptors, suggesting that they have the potential to receive direct input from these proprioceptors. Individual interneurons were recorded intracellularly and identified by intracellular injection of Lucifer Yellow, and the responses of these cells to mechanical stimulation of specific proprioceptors were analyzed. All of the DPG interneurons tested as well as other interneurons receive input from one or more of these proprioceptors. In addition, DPG interneurons have ipsilateral/contralateral biases in their responses to proprioceptors. Paired stimulation of proprioceptors resulted in enhancement or decrement of the response in the interneurons, depending upon which sensory structures were stimulated together. The results of this study show that proprioceptive information is processed by DPG interneurons. PMID- 3171577 TI - Flow-through dialysis of zinc(II) from model and human sera. AB - Dialysis of zinc(II) through cellulose-acetate membranes was studied in a flow through dialyzer. The metal ion concentration was determined with differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry in a flow-through cell with a detection limit of 10(-9) M zinc(II). The concentration of zinc(II) in the dialysate decreased by x750 when albumin was added in an excess corresponding to the physiological concentrations. Addition of amino acids in physiological concentrations had little or no effect on the transfer of zinc(II) through the membrane. Albumin solutions and a model serum containing inorganic salts, amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates were compared with pooled serum. Zinc(II) was transferred faster from the latter at equal concentrations of exchangeable total zinc. Predialysis of the pooled serum decreased the zinc(II) transferring capability indicating some unknown mode of transport from the untreated serum. PMID- 3171578 TI - The synthesis and characterization of N-substituted iminodiacetato cis-, trans-R, R- and trans-S, S-1, 2-diaminocyclohexane platinum(II) complexes: steric effects on the diastereomeric ratios. AB - A series of platinum(II) complexes of the type [Pt(N-R-IDA)(DACH)], where DACH was either cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, trans-R, R-1, 2-diaminocyclohexane, or trans-S, S-1, 2-diaminocyclohexane, and N-R-IDA was either the iminodiacetate, N methyliminodiacetate, N-n-propyliminodiacetate, or N-t-butyliminodiacetate ion, has been prepared and characterized. A detailed NMR investigation shows that the N-R-IDA ions bind to the platinum (II) ion through one of the acetate oxygens and the imino nitrogen, forming a five-membered ring. The second acetate ion does not bind to the platinum. By virtue of the prochiral N-atom of N-R-IDA and the absence of a horizontal plane of symmetry of the Pt(DACH) moiety, two diastereomers are observed corresponding to the two different orientations of the unbound acetate and the R-group with respect to the platinum coordination plane. The ratio of the two geometric isomers is controlled by steric factors depending upon both the isomeric form of 1,2-diaminocyclohexane and the nature of the R group bound to the imino nitrogen of N-R-IDA. PMID- 3171579 TI - Heparin interacts with a selenoprotein in human plasma. AB - The major selenium-containing peak at gel filtration of human serum on Sephadex G 150 had a Kav of 0.19, but at chromatography of heparinized plasma this peak had a Kav of 0.01, indicating an interaction between heparin and a major selenium containing protein. The addition of protamine abolished the effect of heparin. The heparin-interacting protein was not identical to glutathione peroxidase. The data explain some previous discrepancies on selenium distribution in plasma due to the use of different anticoagulants. PMID- 3171580 TI - Selenium-containing proteins of rat kidney. AB - Rat kidney selenium (Se)-containing proteins were studied by isotopic labeling with [75Se]selenite or [75Se]selenomethionine via three routes: oral, intraperitoneal injection, and incubation of kidney slices with the isotope. The two major Se-containing proteins in kidney were fractionated and partially characterized. 75Se elution profiles from Sephadex G-150 chromatography were similar for each labeling protocol, except for the profile obtained following incubation of slices with [75Se]selenomethionine. Of the two major 75Se containing proteins, the one eluting at the void volume during Sephadex G-150 fractionation had a subunit of 23,000 Mr. The 75Se-labeled tryptic peptide from this protein and a 75Se-containing tryptic peptide from glutathione peroxidase had the same elution time from an HPLC column. A 75,000 Mr 75Se-containing protein had a 65,000 Mr subunit, and the 75Se-labeled tryptic peptide from this protein eluted from the HPLC column before that of glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione peroxidase is the most abundant kidney selenoprotein. Injection of animals with 75Se is the method of choice for isotopic labeling of rat kidney Se containing proteins. Appropriate methods were developed that can be used in future studies of kidney Se-containing proteins. PMID- 3171581 TI - Effect of dexamethasone on transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and sucrose across the blood-brain barrier. AB - The effect of glucocorticoids on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was studied in rats following a single injection or 3 days of dexamethasone administration. Tracers with a low permeability across the intact endothelium, [14C]sucrose and alpha-[3H]aminoisobutyric acid ([3H]AIB), were simultaneously injected intravenously in untreated rats or in rats treated with dexamethasone. Unidirectional blood-to-brain transfer constants (Ki) in 14 regions of the rat brain were determined. In regions of control brain, average Ki values for AIB and sucrose were approximately 0.0020 and 0.00060 ml g-1 min-1, respectively. The lowest transfer constants were found in caudate nucleus, hippocampus, white matter, and cerebellum. In dexamethasone-treated animals, Ki values for both sucrose and AIB markedly decreased by 30-50% in almost all brain regions. These results indicate that a single injection or 3 days of treatment with dexamethasone causes an apparent reduction in the normal BBB permeability, and dexamethasone may greatly interfere with drug delivery into brain. These observations may have an importance for the administration of drugs in brain disease in the presence of steroids. PMID- 3171582 TI - Identification of 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptor proteins in bovine frontal cortex. AB - 5-Hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) receptor proteins were identified by a novel approach in which photoaffinity labeling technique was used in conjunction with affinity column chromatography. 5-HT1A receptors were solubilized from bovine frontal cortical membranes with 0.3% digitonin and 0.1% Nonidet P-40, and bound effectively to 1-[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (PAPP)-coupled Affi-Gel 10 in a time-dependent manner. PAPP was shown previously to be a selective ligand for the 5-HT1A receptor. Two protein bands with molecular masses of approximately 55,000 and 38,000 daltons revealed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were eluted from the affinity column with either 1 mM 5-HT or 1 microM [3H]1-[2-(4-azidophenyl)ethyl]-4-(3 trifluoromethyl-phenyl)piperazine ([3H]p-azido-PAPP). [3H]p-Azido-PAPP is a selective photoaffinity labeling probe for the 5-HT1A receptor. The intensity of these two protein bands and the incorporation of [3H]p-azido-PAPP into these two proteins decreased significantly when the solubilized fraction was preincubated with excess 5-HT or PAPP (saturating all 5-HT1A receptors) prior to affinity column chromatography. These results suggest strongly that these two proteins are related to the 5-HT1A receptor protein. The isoelectric points of the photolabeled 5-HT1A receptor proteins were 6.0 and 6.5. PMID- 3171583 TI - Regional cerebral glucose metabolism and blood flow during the silent phase of methylmercury neurotoxicity in rats. AB - Methylmercuric chloride was given to rats in a neurotoxic dose regimen (six daily doses of 8 mg kg-1 p.o.). During the silent (asymptomatic) phase of intoxication, the rates of cerebral glucose influx and cerebral glucose phosphorylation were measured simultaneously using 2-deoxyglucose. Regional cerebral blood flow was also measured using iodoantipyrine. The unidirectional flux of glucose into brain was not affected by methylmercury, and differences in the rates of glucose phosphorylation from region to region remained coupled to the regional cerebral blood flow. However, the blood flow was reduced throughout the brain, an observation suggesting that the operational level of metabolically regulated blood flow had been reset. Thus, in spite of a generalised reduction in blood flow, there was no indication of impaired cerebral glucose supply or utilization during the silent phase of methylmercury intoxication. PMID- 3171584 TI - Aging and brain cholinergic muscarinic receptors: an autoradiographic study in the rat. AB - Cholinergic muscarinic receptors in aged and young rat brains were studied by quantitative autoradiography of tritiated quinuclidinyl benzilate. A selective pattern of decreased binding density was observed in the aged rat. A large number of regions showed no effect of aging; these include subdivisions of the hippocampal formation and most thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei. Small but significant decreases were found in cortical regions and in the striatum. The largest effects were seen in ventral forebrain cholinergic nuclei, where 40-60% depletions were found in the diagonal band, nucleus basalis magnocellularis, ventral pallidum, and substantia innominata. PMID- 3171585 TI - Properties and ontogenic development of membrane-bound histidine decarboxylase from rat brain. AB - Histidine decarboxylase (HD) activity was determined in high-speed fractions (100,000 g for 60 min) obtained from whole rat brain homogenates. Twenty-eight percent of the HD activity was associated with membranes, and the remaining was soluble. Several properties of the soluble and membrane-bound HD were compared. No significant differences in the values of Km for histidine and pyridoxal 5' phosphate were observed. The solubilization of membrane-bound HD with Triton X 100 resulted in an increase of 60% over the nonsolubilized activity with no changes in the Km for substrate and cofactor. The proportion of free pyridoxal 5' phosphate-independent activity was identical in both fractions. The soluble and membrane-bound forms of the enzyme differ slightly in their pH-activity profiles, although both enzymes showed an optimum pH near 6.5. The HD activities present in soluble and membrane fractions were determined at different postnatal ages. The soluble activity increased until day 90, whereas the membrane-bound activity became stabilized from day 20. PMID- 3171587 TI - Melatonin binding sites. AB - The distribution and characterization of specific melatonin binding sites were studied using 125I-melatonin. Autoradiography revealed only three sites of specific melatonin binding in brain: the suprachiasmatic nuclei, the median eminence, and the small part of choroid plexus at the caudal end of the fourth ventricle. Two other sites were detected outside the CNS: the anterior pituitary and the retina. The specific binding of 125I-melatonin was saturable and reversible. The dissociation constant (KD) of the binding sites was 60 pM. The concentration of the binding sites (Bmax) in the median eminence was 26 fmol/mg protein, and in the pituitary 3 fmol/mg protein. Specificity of the binding sites was tested by displacement of 125I-melatonin. The order of potency--melatonin much less than N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine less than 5-methoxytryptamine much less than 5-hydroxytryptamine = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine = noradrenaline- shows high specificity of the binding sites for melatonin. PMID- 3171586 TI - Angiotensin II-like material extracted from the rat brain is distinct from authentic angiotensin II. AB - Specific radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor assay for angiotensin II (A II) were used for the possible identification of this peptide in the rat brain. An A II like material (A II-LM) was detected with both assays applied to acidic extracts of various brain structures. The regional distribution of A II-LM was uneven, but absolute levels (in A II equivalents) could not be accurately determined, as they were highly dependent on the assay used. Partial purification of A II-LM by Sep Pak C 18 chromatography and affinity chromatography using anti-A II antibodies bound to Ultrogel gave a compound coeluting with authentic A II in reverse-phase HPLC. However, gel filtration through Sephadex G-25 and TSK Spherogel 3000 SW as well as anion exchange HPLC demonstrated that A II-LM did not correspond to authentic A II. Partial characterization of A II-LM indicated that this compound was probably a peptide with an apparent molecular weight of 5,000-7,000 (instead of 1,046 for A II) and more polar but less positively charged than A II. Whether A II-LM is, in fact, the endogenous ligand of A II binding sites in brain remains an interesting hypothesis for further investigations. PMID- 3171588 TI - Properties of the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-stimulated S6 kinase from rat astroglial cells. AB - The S6 kinase activity of astroglial cells in primary culture stimulated by 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) has been studied. This activity was eluted as a single peak at 0.15 M NaCl from a DEAE-Sephacel column. The chromatography of this peak on phosphocellulose revealed an activity eluted at 0.15 M NaCl. This partially purified enzyme had a sedimentation coefficient of 3.7S; Km values were 2 X 10(-5) M for ATP and 10(-6) M for 40S ribosomal subunits. The optimal Mg2+ concentration requirement was 2-3 mM. Mn2+ and Co2+ could substitute for Mg2+ (optimum concentrations 1.5 and 0.8 mM, respectively), but these cations were strong inhibitors in the presence of Mg2+. The enzyme was inhibited by N ethylmaleimide, indicating that it contained thiol groups. This S6 kinase used ATP, but not GTP, as a phosphate donor, and exhibited great specificity for S6 as phosphate acceptor. Whole histones and protamine were slightly phosphorylated whereas phosvitin, histone H1, and surprisingly the peptide Arg-Arg-Leu-Ser-Ser Leu-Arg-Ala were not phosphorylated. The TPA-stimulated S6 kinase resembles the insulin-, fibroblast growth factor- and cyclic AMP-stimulated enzymes, suggesting that several pathways might activate the same entity. PMID- 3171589 TI - Ganglioside composition of synaptic vesicles from Torpedo electric organ. AB - We have studied the ganglioside content and pattern of synaptic vesicles isolated from the electric organs of two species of Torpedinidae, Torpedo californica and Torpedo marmorata. The ganglioside concentrations were high relative to protein content (77 and 58 micrograms of N-acetylneuraminic acid/mg of protein, respectively), owing to the low protein-to-lipid ratio; however, they were also appreciable in relation to phospholipid (15.6 and 10.0 micrograms of N acetylneuraminic acid/mg of phospholipid). The fact that a membrane fraction that separated from synaptic vesicles of T. californica on a controlled-pore glass bead column and constituted the main potential source of contamination in this preparation had a lower ganglioside content and a different TLC pattern than synaptic vesicles indicated the relatively high purity of the latter. Most of the gangliosides from synaptic vesicles of both species migrated on TLC in the vicinity of standards with three or more sialic acids. Synaptosomes from T. marmorata had a higher lipid N-acetylneuraminic acid/phospholipid ratio and a different TLC pattern than synaptic vesicles. Considering these results and other data appearing recently in the literature, we suggest that reexamination of synaptic vesicles from mammalian brain for the possible presence of gangliosides is warranted. PMID- 3171591 TI - Studies on the tissue distribution of the puromycin-sensitive enkephalin degrading aminopeptidases. AB - An antiserum generated to the soluble form of the rat brain puromycin-sensitive enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase was used to determine the tissue distribution of the soluble and membrane-associated forms of this enzyme. All tissues examined contained significant levels of the soluble enzyme form, with this enzyme accounting for greater than 90% of the arylamidase activity in brain, heart, and skeletal muscle. Native gel electrophoresis coupled with activity staining as well as inhibition studies were used to confirm the presence of this enzyme in various tissues. Serum was found not to contain this particular aminopeptidase. In contrast to the results obtained with the soluble enzyme form, brain was the only tissue found to contain the membrane-associated enzyme form. Although all tissues contained membrane-associated aminopeptidase activity only the brain enzyme could be maintained in solution in the absence of detergent. In addition, the brain membrane-associated enzyme could be distinguished from the membrane associated aminopeptidase activity in other tissues on the basis of its sensitivity to inhibition by puromycin. PMID- 3171590 TI - Intracellular pH, lactate, and energy metabolism in neonatal brain during partial ischemia measured in vivo by 31P and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - Sequential 31P and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were measured for neonatal piglets (n = 7) to determine the relationship between brain intracellular pH (pHi), lactate, and phosphorylated energy metabolites during partial ischemia. Simultaneous determinations of arterial and cerebral venous blood gases, pH, O2 content, and plasma concentrations of glucose and lactate were also made. Ischemia, induced by bilateral carotid artery ligation plus hemorrhagic hypotension for 35 min, resulted in variable reductions in ATP, phosphocreatine, and increases in Pi, H+, and lactate relative to control levels. In four piglets, whose arterial blood glucose rose above control, brain lactate exceeded 20 mumol g-1 with corresponding decreases in pHi of greater than 0.7 units compared to control levels. The extents of brain acidosis and lactosis showed a strong linear correlation with each other (r = 0.94). Maximal changes in brain lactate, pHi, and ATP at the end of ischemia showed significant positive linear correlations with the control levels of arterial blood glucose, but did not correlate with arterial glucose or arterial cerebral-venous glucose difference values during ischemia. The relationship between pHi and buffer base deficit was comparable to results reported for adult animals up to 20 mumol ml-1. However, in contrast to models proposed for adult brain, the continued linear relationship between pH and higher buffer base levels is most consistent with a theoretical model that assumes the presence of weak acid buffers with pKa values from 6.7 to 5.2. PMID- 3171592 TI - Calmodulin-binding proteins in chromaffin cell plasma membranes. AB - Calmodulin-binding proteins present in chromaffin cell plasma membranes were isolated and directly compared with calmodulin-binding proteins present in chromaffin granule membranes. Chromaffin cell plasma membranes were prepared using Cytodex 1 microcarriers. Marker enzyme studies on this preparation showed a nine- to 10-fold plasma membrane enrichment over cell homogenates and a low contamination of these plasma membranes by subcellular organelles. Plasma membranes prepared in this manner were solubilized with Triton X-100 and applied to a calmodulin-affinity column in the presence of calcium. Several major calmodulin-binding proteins (240, 105, and 65 kilodaltons) were eluted by an EGTA containing buffer. 125I-Calmodulin overlay experiments on nitrocellulose sheets containing both chromaffin plasma and granule membranes showed that these two membranes have several calmodulin-binding proteins in common (65, 60, 53, and 50 kilodaltons), as well as unique calmodulin-binding proteins (34 kilodaltons in granule membranes and 240 and 160 kilodaltons in plasma membranes). The 65 kilodalton calmodulin-binding protein present in both membrane types was shown to consist of two isoforms (pI 6.0 and 6.2) by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Previous experiments from our laboratory, using two monoclonal antibodies (mAb 30 and mAb 48) specific for a rat brain synaptic vesicle membrane protein (p65), showed that the monoclonal antibodies reacted with a 65-kilodalton calmodulin binding protein present in at least three neurosecretory vesicles (chromaffin granules, neurohypophyseal granules, and rat brain synaptic vesicles). When these monoclonal antibodies were tested on chromaffin cell plasma membranes and calmodulin-binding proteins isolated from these membranes, they recognized a 65 kilodalton protein. These results indicate that an immunologically identical calmodulin-binding protein is expressed in both chromaffin granule membranes (as well as other secretory vesicle membranes) and chromaffin cell plasma membranes, thus suggesting a possible role for this protein in granule/plasma membrane interaction. PMID- 3171594 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging and clinical correlations in multiple sclerosis. AB - We examined the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cerebral findings and clinical evaluations in 66 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS). MRI observations included total number and location of lesions visualized, degree of periventricular involvement, degree of degeneration of the corpus callosum, and extent of generalized parenchymal atrophy. Overall physical disability was evaluated by the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and individual symptoms were rated according to the Kurtzke Functional Systems (FS) scale. Our results suggest that MRI brain abnormalities are significantly related to the overall severity of disease, but MRI is not particularly useful to predict the presence or absence of individual symptoms. These findings do suggest that the MRI may provide useful information to monitor clinical progression of patients with MS, but the lesions visualized need not always be symptomatic nor are we sure that all symptomatic lesions, particularly in the spinal cord and optic nerves, will be visualized. PMID- 3171593 TI - Chloride-dependent uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by triethyllead and triethyltin increases cytosolic free calcium in guinea pig cerebral cortical synaptosomes. AB - Metabolically competent isolated cerebral cortical nerve terminals were used to determine the effects of triethyllead (TEL) and triethyltin (TET) on cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]c), on plasma and mitochondrial membrane potentials, and on oxidative metabolism. In the presence of physiological concentrations of extracellular ions, 20 microM TEL and 20 microM TET increase [Ca2+]c from 185 nM to 390 and 340 nM, respectively. A simultaneous depolarization of plasma membrane potential (delta psi p) by only 3-4 mV occurs, a drop which is insufficient to open the voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels. In contrast, an instant and substantial depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (delta psi m) upon addition of TEL and TET is evident, as monitored with safranine O fluorescence. At the same concentration, TEL and TET stimulate basal respiration of synaptosomes by 45%, induce oxidation of endogenous NAD(P)H, and reduce the terminal ATP/ADP ratio by 45%. Thus, TEL and TET inhibit ATP production of intrasynaptosomal mitochondria by a mechanism consistent with uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. This bioenergetic effect by TEL and TET can be prevented by omitting external chloride, and a concomitant reduction of the increase in [Ca2+]c by about 60% is observed. Uncoupling of mitochondrial ATP synthesis from oxidation by TEL and TET, [corrected] a process that is dependent on external chloride, is the main mechanism by which they [corrected] increase [Ca2+]c. PMID- 3171595 TI - Alterations of oligodendrocytes and demyelination in the spinal cord of patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. AB - The spinal cords of 2 autopsied patients with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) were examined. Histologically, the spinal cords showed a spongy state due to the presence of distended myelinated fibers with enlarged periaxonal spaces. Ultrastructurally, the affected fibers showed extensive microvacuolation of the inner myelin sheath with occasional vesicular changes. The presence of macrophages near the degenerated myelin was a frequent finding. The stripping of myelin lamellae by macrophage was observed, with frequent appearance of denuded axons. Furthermore, prominent morphological changes were observed in oligodendrocytes. These findings indicate that demyelination, probably secondary to the degeneration of oligodendrocytes, occurs in the spinal cord of MELAS. PMID- 3171597 TI - Immunocytochemical analysis of immunoglobulin-containing cells in CSF and blood in inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system. AB - Cells containing immunoglobulins G, A, and M were evaluated in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood (PB) samples. These were obtained from 12 patients with bacterial meningitis, 14 patients with viral meningitis, 6 cases of lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (LMR), 10 cases of multiple sclerosis (MS), 6 cases of herpes zoster ganglionitis and 27 patients with non-infectious disorders of the CNS. PB cells from 20 healthy donors served as controls. Using alkaline phosphatase (AP)-conjugated antibodies to human immunoglobulin (Ig) G, A, and M in a carrageenan solution it was possible to demonstrate repeatedly intracytoplasmic Igs over more than 1 year without any detectable loss of specificity and staining intensity. Immunoglobulin-containing cells (ICC) could be detected in the CSF of 96% of patients with inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) or with MS but not in the control cases. PMID- 3171596 TI - Effect of myasthenic patient sera on the number and distribution of acetylcholine receptors in muscle and nerve-muscle cultures from rat. Correlations with clinical state. AB - We studied the functional activities (FA) of sera obtained from 83 myasthenic patients on rat muscle cultures. Using the same sets of cultures, two parameters were evaluated after exposure to sera: residual fraction (RF) of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) coupled to 125I-labelled alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha Bgt) (81 sera) and the number of rhodamine labelled clusters (56 sera). Two types of culture were assayed: muscle alone and nerve-muscle cocultures (12 cases). In all combinations (fluorescence, radiolabelling, muscle alone and nerve-muscle cocultures), we found a significant correlation between FA and antibody (Ab) titre, and no correlation between FA and clinical severity: only sera with a high or intermediate Ab titre were effective, whatever the clinical severity of disease. With active sera, AChR loss was about 50% whereas the disappearance of AChR clusters was quite complete, which suggests AChR redistribution induced by MG sera. PMID- 3171598 TI - Histochemical features of tubular aggregates in diseased human skeletal muscle fibres. AB - This communication presents the results obtained in tubular aggregates of 24 enzyme histochemical techniques for demonstrating activity of oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases and isomerases. The activity characteristics of the tubular aggregates in m. gluteus medius of 18 patients with diseases of the neuromuscular system were almost identical. A high activity of the mitochondrial enzymes, NADPH: tetrazolium oxidoreductase, NADH:tetrazolium oxidoreductase and cytochrome c oxidase, could be shown in the pathological structures, whereas the activity of the mitochondrial enzymes, glycerol-3-phosphate:menadione oxidoreductase, succinate:PMS oxidoreductase, malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase and isocitrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, and the partial mitochondrial enzymes, malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase and isocitrate:NADP+ oxidoreductase, was very slight or even absent. There was a moderate to strong activity of the glycolytic enzymes lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, phosphofructokinase, phosphoglucomutase and glucose phosphate isomerase. In contrast, the activity of alpha-glucan phosphorylase was slight. The activity of phosphogluconate:NADP+ oxidoreductase, glucose-6-phosphate:NADP+ oxidoreductase and 5'-nucleotidase was slight, whereas there was no activity of myosin ATPase and mitochondrial ATPase, acid phosphatase or alkaline phosphatase. The high activity of AMP-deaminase was very striking. The activity of peroxidase was moderate. Results obtained with adsorption studies point to adsorption of some of the enzymes studied to the tubular aggregates in vivo and this phenomenon very probably determined the histochemical characteristics of these structures. PMID- 3171599 TI - Remyelination of central nervous system lesions in experimental genital herpes simplex virus infection. AB - To study spinal cord remyelination in a model of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection, adult female mice were inoculated by a vaginal route. At intervals up to 6 months after infection, cord tissues were removed and examined by light and electron microscopy and by immunohistochemical methods. As a consequence of acute infection, 60% of mice developed multifocal central nervous system (CNS) demyelinative lesions in the lower thoracic, lumbar, or upper sacral cord. These lesions, already present 10 days after infection, contained naked axons and mononuclear cells, including macrophages. At 2 weeks, while active myelin breakdown was still ongoing, numerous Schwann cells were present in lesions and surrounded denuded axons. At 3 weeks, the earliest remyelination was seen, and was carried out by Schwann cells and to a lesser extent by oligodendrocytes. Remyelination was extensive by 6-10 weeks and was apparently completed after 3 months. Immunocytochemical studies using antisera to myelin proteins showed relatively distinct zones of central and peripheral remyelination in some lesions, whereas remyelination was of mixed type in others. Thus the remyelinative response following experimental HSV-2-induced CNS demyelination begins promptly, proceeds briskly and goes to completion. With a natural route of inoculation and a relatively avirulent strain of this human pathogen, we have produced a model of CNS white matter injury and repair in a high proportion of infected mice that may be useful in understanding mechanisms of human demyelinative disease. PMID- 3171601 TI - The lymphatic route. VI. Distribution of recombinant interferon-alpha 2 in rabbit and pig plasma and lymph. AB - Human recombinant (R) interferon-alpha 2 (either cold or labeled with 125I or 131I) has been administered through different routes [intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.), and subcutaneous (s.c.)] and its distribution in lymph and plasma has been evaluated in rabbits and pigs. After i.v. (bolus) administration, the lymph/plasma ratio was about 1. After s.c. and i.m. administration, the ratio varied from an average of 0.8 up to 2, respectively, indicating that R interferon alpha 2 is preferentially absorbed via lymphatics when injected into the shank muscles. Another novel result is that the ratio is markedly increased after s.c. administration of interferon-alpha 2 with a solution containing 12.5% human albumin. In this case, albumin acts as an interstitial fluid expander, thereby increasing the fluid pressure and favoring lymphatic absorption. Similar results were obtained using either cold or labeled interferons in rabbits; moreover, the effect of albumin was confirmed in the pig by simultaneously injecting 131I interferon (in saline) and 125I-interferon (in albumin solution) in the left and right subcutis of the shanks, respectively. All of these data suggest that the indirect lymphatic route is a feasible proposition, and that by modifying the absorption, the distribution and fate of interferon may improve the therapeutic index of biological response modifiers. PMID- 3171600 TI - Recombinant tumor necrosis factor reduces hepatic drug metabolism in vivo in the rat. AB - To verify the potential in vivo inhibitory effect on liver function of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), also known as cachectin, antipyrine and diazepam were chosen to probe the hepatic mixed-function oxidase system. A single dose of TNF (30 micrograms/kg) to rats significantly reduced the plasma clearance of antipyrine and diazepam by about 30% and 25%, respectively; this resulted in concomitant prolongation of the elimination half-life (t1/2) of the two drugs, although of borderline significance for the benzodiazepine. This was probably due to a decrease in hepatic cytochrome P-450 activities that are responsible for antipyrine and diazepam metabolism in TNF-treated rats. This could be of clinical relevance if a similar effect occurs in humans after therapeutically effective doses of this biological response modifier. PMID- 3171602 TI - Effect of commercial peritoneal dialysis fluids on the lytic function of lymphokine-activated killer cells. AB - Intraperitoneal (ip) immunotherapies are often administered in saline or peritoneal dialysis solutions. In preparation for a Phase I i.p. interleukin 2/lymphokine-activated killer cell (IL-2/LAK) trial in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer, we evaluated the effect of six solutions, including two 1.5% dextrose peritoneal dialysis solutions (PDS), on the lytic function of LAK. In vitro IL-2-activated LAK cells were exposed to solutions, washed with Hanks' balanced salt solution, and lytic activity was measured in a standard 4-h chromium release assay using Daudi as a tumor target. LAK function was abrogated after 2 h of exposure to Inpersol and after only 20 min of exposure to Dianeal PD 2. Five percent dextrose also significantly decreased lytic capabilities of LAK, whereas 0.9% sodium chloride or lactated Ringers had no deleterious effect on function. Adjustment of PDS to pH greater than 6.5 decreased the damaging effect on LAK function, suggesting that the low pH of PDS and 5% dextrose results in a loss of LAK cell viability and therefore lytic function. Based on these data, we have chosen to administer IL-2/LAK i.p. in lactated Ringers. PMID- 3171603 TI - Alterations in the neuroepithelial basal lamina in a neurological mutant with prenatal hydrocephalus. AB - The neuroepithelial basal lamina (BL) appears to be crucial in controlling cell cell interactions during the early histogenesis of the nervous system. In this investigation we examined the changes in the BL in a neurological mutant of the rat previously characterized as having BL anomalies which progress to aqueductal stenosis and prenatal hydrocephalus. Embryos were obtained from matings of rats homozygous for the prenatal hydrocephalus gene or from controls, both originally derived from the same Wistar albino stock. On days 12 and 13 of development, embryos were processed for indirect immunofluorescence localization of BL components type IV collagen or laminin. Additional whole litters were processed for ultrastructural analysis of neuroepithelial and BL morphology. In control embryos, neuroepithelial BL components formed a smooth linear boundary to the basal surface of the neuroepithelium. This unbroken border was interrupted only in regions of active neural crest cell migration (day 12), and in areas of imminent vascularization (day 13). In hydrocephalic embryos on the 12th day there were gaps in the continuity of the BL and an apparent reduction in deposition of type IV collagen. By day 13, blood vessels had prematurely colonized the neuroepithelium, few BL breaks were observed, and deposition of type IV collagen appeared similar to that seen in control embryos. Ultrastructurally, a similar pattern of change was observed. The neuroepithelium of control embryos was uniformly bounded by an organized BL consisting of a lamina lucida subjacent to the plasma membrane, and a lamina densa which merged with scattered collagen fibrils in the mesenchymal compartment. On day 12, the BL of hydrocephalic embryos had large gaps through which neuroepithelial cells projected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171604 TI - Macromolecular structure of axonal membrane in the optic nerve of the jimpy mouse. AB - The macromolecular structure of the axon membrane in 26-28-day-old Jimpy mice and control optic nerve were examined with quantitative freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Premyelinated and myelinated axons were observed in control optic nerves, with axonal diameters of premyelinated axons being generally smaller than that of myelinated axons (approximately 0.2-0.4 micron vs approximately 0.5-1.5 micron, respectively). Axon membrane from control optic nerves exhibited an asymmetrical partitioning of intramembranous particles (IMP). P-faces of internodal membrane displayed nearly twice as many IMP as the premyelinated axolemma (1,731 vs 893 micron-2, respectively). E-faces of internodal and premyelinated axolemma exhibited IMP densities of 124 and 157 micron-2, respectively. Few myelinated axons were apparent in optic nerves from Jimpy mice. The amyelinated axons of Jimpy mice displayed a spectrum of axonal diameters, ranging from approximately 0.2 to 1.5 micron. P-face densities of amyelinated axons, considered as a group, exhibited a wide range (600-2,100 micron-2). However, large diameter (greater than or equal to 0.5 micron) axons exhibited a significantly greater P-face IMP density than that of small caliber (greater than 0.5 micron) axons (1,525 vs 1,032 micron-2, respectively). Aggregations of E-face IMP were not observed along amyelinated axons of Jimpy optic nerves. The results demonstrate that the changes in P-face IMP density that occur during development of normal myelinated axons also occur in developing axons of Jimpy optic nerve, irrespective of a lack of normal glial cell association, and provide further evidence that the primary defect of hypomyelination within Jimpy mice is not attributed to the neuron. PMID- 3171605 TI - Chronic hypoxia induces selective maldevelopment of peripheral myelin in rat. AB - To determine the morphologic effect of chronic hypoxia on peripheral nerve development, four-week-old rats were placed in a 10% O2 environment for ten weeks and compared with controls. Light microscopic morphometric analysis of hind limb nerves of hypoxic as compared to control nerves showed at statistically significant levels, a) smaller total fascicular areas, b) smaller median diameters, c) fiber spectra with peaks at smaller diameters, d) fewer large myelinated fibers per nerve, e) larger fiber density, f) smaller myelin areas. On average myelin areas, relative to axon size, were smaller in oxygen-deprived than in control rats. Also myelin spiral length and the number of myelin lamellae relative to axon area were smaller. These findings suggest that hypoxia retards myelinated fiber diameter and especially myelin development. PMID- 3171606 TI - Cytochemical analysis of neural dysraphism in the vl mutant mouse. AB - Closure of the posterior neuropore was analyzed by means of ultrastructural cytochemistry in ten-day dysraphic mouse embryos homozygous for the mutant gene vl, and comparisons were made with normal embryos in terms of convergence, apposition and fusion of the apices of the neural folds. In abnormal embryos, regional differences in the distribution of the surface coat were comparable to those in normal embryos. However, there was an abnormally acute medial bending of the neural folds, as well as a delay in closure of the posterior neuropore. In closed areas of the abnormal embryos the dorsum also showed an erratic knot of disorganized cells. Thus, the pathogenetic mechanism in this mutant appears to involve not only a failure in apposition in open areas, as well as an inappropriate association of cells in areas which do fuse, but possibly also a failure of proper alignment of neural fold apices prior to apposition and fusion. PMID- 3171608 TI - Characteristics of the membrane of the stereocilia and cell apex in cochlear hair cells. AB - Freeze-fracture has been used to examine the membrane of the cell apex and of the stereocilia in cochlear hair cells. The apical (non-stereociliary) membrane of inner hair cells (IHCs) exhibited a lower density of intramembrane particles (IMP) than that of the outer hair cells (OHCs) but in both cell types the apical membrane responded to the effects of filipin. The distribution of IMP and of filipin-induced membrane deformations was uniform over the apical membranes in both IHC and OHC, thus, providing no evidence for local membrane differentiation on the non-stereociliary part of the hair cell apex. The stereociliary membranes of IHC and of OHC differed not only in the density of IMP, but also in their responses to filipin and to tomatin. IHC stereocilia responded intensely to both agents. OHC stereocilia showed a significantly lower density of filipin-induced lesions and appeared almost unaffected by tomatin. This suggests that the OHC stereocilial membrane may be structurally specialized. The membrane at the apical end of stereocilia appeared to be differentiated from the membrane of the stereociliary shaft. The tip region was free of the usual IMP and showed no filipin-induced lesions. The differentiation at the apical end was also apparent in samples which have been rapidly frozen without prior chemical fixation or cryoprotection, showing that the particle-free area was not an artefact induced by glutaraldehyde fixation. Close examination of the membrane at the apical-most tip of the stereocilium revealed the presence of a small number of large particles of 10.5-11.0 nm diameter. The occurrence of membrane differentiation localized to the tip of the stereocilium may be consistent with the suggestion that transduction channels in hair cells are situated at this point. PMID- 3171607 TI - Neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in aged bears. AB - In aged human beings and in individuals with age-associated degenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), neurons develop cytoskeletal abnormalities, including neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and senile plaques (SP). Senile plaques occur in several nonhuman species; however, NFT, with ultrastructural or immunocytochemical similarities to those occurring in humans, have not been identified in other mammals. In this study of five aged bears (Ursus, 20-30 years of age), we identified cytoskeletal abnormalities similar to those occurring in humans. An aged Asiatic brown bear had NFT, composed of straight 10-16-nm filaments, that were immunoreactive with antibodies directed against: phosphorylated epitopes of neurofilaments (NF); tau; A68 (a protein enriched in AD); and an antigen associated with paired helical filaments (PHF). An aged polar bear had numerous SP; neurites of these plaques were immunoreactive with antibodies against phosphorylated epitopes of NF, but NFT were not identified. These results indicate that nonprimate species develop age-related cytoskeletal abnormalities similar to those occurring in humans. Investigations of the comparative pathology of aged mammals may be useful in elucidating the pathogeneses of these abnormalities. PMID- 3171609 TI - Reinnervation of the mammalian spinal cord after neonatal dorsal root crush. AB - In the adult mammal, nerve fibres do not regrow into the spinal cord after a dorsal root lesion. The elongation of dorsal root nerve fibres into the spinal cord of neonatal rats was examined: L4 and L5 dorsal roots were crushed in rat pups. After 3-6 months, the dorsal root-spinal cord junction was investigated morphologically in several long series of ultrathin cross-sections. In rats which had been operated on at birth (0-2 days old), axons from the lesional roots could be followed into the CNS tissue of the spinal cord. In contrast to normal development, the usual short segment of CNS glia did not grow into the neonatally lesioned roots. Instead, the CNS-PNS border was located within the spinal cord. The nerve fibres, which were of normal diameter, had regrown across the PNS-CNS border and elongated further into the CNS environment of the spinal cord. In rats operated on at the end of the first postnatal week or later, the largest dorsal root nerve fibres were only half the size of those in unoperated animals and reinnervation of the spinal cord had not occurred. An astrocyte-dominated CNS segment had developed in these roots. The impact of an early neuronal lesion on the development of certain glia cells and their importance in the outcome of spinal cord reinnervation are discussed. PMID- 3171610 TI - Transplantation of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells into the spinal cord of the myelin-deficient rat. AB - Transplantation of oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells into the spinal cord of the newborn myelin-deficient (md) rat, an X-linked myelin mutant, was carried out and the extent of myelination of CNS axons studied. Dissociated glial cell suspensions, prepared from the spinal cords of female litter-mates, were injected into the lumbar spinal cord of 15 md rats and 5 normal litter-mates. In eight of the md rats examined 12 to 21 days post-transplantation patches of myelin produced by the transplanted oligodendrocytes were found in the dorsal or ventral columns. In two rats, small patches of myelination were found in more than one site. The myelin in these patches was positive on immunocytochemical staining for proteolipid protein. These observations were interpreted as evidence of the origin of this myelin from donor oligodendrocytes, as the md rat has an abnormality in synthesis of this protein. In addition, this myelin differed in its ultrastructure from host myelin, having a normal intraperiod line. Injection of cultured Schwann cells also resulted in extensive myelination of axons in the dorsal columns by these cells. PMID- 3171611 TI - Neuronal membrane remodelling during the oestrus cycle: a freeze-fracture study in the arcuate nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. AB - Freeze-fracture methodology was used to study the organization of the neuronal plasma membrane in the rat arcuate nucleus, an oestrogen sensitive area of the hypothalamus. The quantitative evaluation of freeze-fracture replicas of the perikarya, dendritic shafts and dendritic spines revealed that the numerical density of intramembranous particles varied during the ovarian cycle. The number of small (less than 10 nm) particles was decreased, and the number of large (greater than 10 nm) particles was increased, in the P-face of the perikaryal plasma membranes in prooestrus and oestrus when compared to dioestrus. This change was associated with a significant increase in the number of exo endocytotic images in the perikaryal plasma membrane in prooestrus. Changes in intramembranous particles during the ovarian cycle were not detected in arcuate nucleus dendritic shafts and dendritic spines. PMID- 3171612 TI - Deep-etch structure of astrocytes at the superficial glia limitans, with special emphasis on the internal and external organization of their plasma membranes. AB - The cytoskeletal system in rat subpial astrocytes and the relationship between astrocytic plasma membrane and basal lamina or cytoplasmic components were examined with a quick-freeze deep-etch technique, mainly using chemically fixed tissues. Attention was focused on the way intramembrane particles (IMPs), particularly orthogonal arrays, are organized in the membranes and related to extramembrane components. The basal lamina was composed of a sheet-like network of strands (4-9 nm thick), some, which we have called 'trabecular' strands, extending through the lamina lucida to touch the astrocytic membrane at irregular intervals. The trabecular strands usually formed a bulbous structure where they touched the membrane, but sometimes appeared to intrude directly into the external lipid layer. The orthogonal arrays did not extend to the outer true surface, and no special structure was detectable in association with them. Small spherical protrusions (7-9 nm in diameter), related to neither the trabecular strands nor the arrays, were observed in the outer surface. Judging from their size and distribution, these are probably tops of tall globular IMPs. In the inner or cytoplasmic true surface, protrusions were relatively numerous; some were large, 15-20 nm in diameter, while others were small (8-10 nm). Some of the small protrusions were identified as transmembrane components. Although protrusions were more conspicuous in the inner than in the outer surface, none of them provided images related or similar to the orthogonal arrays. Some protrusions in the inner surface were connected with thin (4-5 nm) or thick (approximately 10 nm) filaments constituting the underlying network. The thin filaments were also anchored to the intermediate filaments which lay parallel with the astrocytic membranes. In the cytoplasm, the intermediate filaments were firmly packed to form bundles. Because the orthogonal arrays are probably embedded within the astrocytic membrane, they may not serve as a transmembrane channel but rather contribute to some stabilizing function for the membrane. PMID- 3171613 TI - The need for a new strategy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3171614 TI - Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage: expert system for appraisal of the prognosis and computer-supported decision for therapy. AB - An expert system is presented which allows appraisal of the prognosis and a computer-supported decision for the therapy of patients with acute spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). The knowledge of physicians as a synthesis of their own and other clinicians' experience is simulated with methods of artificial intelligence by setting up two data banks. In one data bank, selected information on the correlation between initial clinical parameters, on the one hand, and mortality, outcome and complications, on the other, from about 250 neurological publications is stored, taking into consideration the therapeutic regimens applied. A second data bank receives clinical and laboratory data profiles of a patient population which has already been treated. The expert system is able to compare the individual initial findings with the corresponding parameter combination stored in the data banks regarding the decision for therapy of a patient to be treated. This enables both calculation of the probable complications and prediction of the expected outcome in relation to various possible forms of therapy. The expert system can thus indicate the kind of therapy where the lowest number of complications and the best outcome can be expected, thus supporting the decision of the physician. As each new patient is treated, the volume of stored information increases, so the system possesses self learning characteristics. To check the validity of the prognoses, the outcome estimated by the expert system for 51 patients with spontaneous SAH was compared with the actual outcome, and a high level of agreement was attained. PMID- 3171615 TI - Heterotopic neurons in human spinal nerve roots: what is their clinical significance? AB - The significance of heterotopic nerve cells in human spinal nerve roots was studied. Heterotopia was a consistent finding in 230 routine necropsy series (neuropathologically normal) and 16 spinal cord malformation cases, the incidence ranging between 2.1% and 10.9%. It was more frequently found in the cervical posterior roots than in the anterior roots or in other segmental levels. The heterotopia was not increased in dysraphic anomalies. Aberrant sensory nerve cells in the posterior roots and aberrant motor cells in the anterior roots were morphologically ascertained. The clinical significance of the sensory function of the heterotopia in the anterior roots is discussed and compared with previous experimental data. PMID- 3171616 TI - Combined neuroradiological and neurosurgical treatment of intracerebral arteriovenous malformations. AB - Four patients with intracerebral vascular malformations underwent preoperative butylcyanoacrylate embolization via a calibrated leak catheter, in order to reduce the risks of surgery alone. In three cases the malformation was removed without causing neurological deficits. One patient died later from recurrent bleeding. PMID- 3171617 TI - Inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. AB - Five patients infected with immunodeficiency virus who were suffering from chronic polyradiculoneuropathy were investigated during evolution of the disease. Four of them were immunodeficient. The prominent neurological feature was distal and symmetrical weakness of the legs. After 5 months only one patient had improved. All patients had an increased protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid and pleocytosis. Electrodiagnostic studies and sural nerve biopsies indicated demyelination. Sural nerve viral cultures, including human immunodeficiency virus, were negative. The presence of circulating anti-peripheral nerve antibodies and of immunoglobulin deposits in nerve biopsy specimens was investigated by immunofluorescence techniques but failed to demonstrate any immunoreactivity. PMID- 3171618 TI - Structural brain correlates of anterograde memory deficits in multiple sclerosis. AB - Progressive decline of anterograde memory functions has been increasingly recognized as a frequent symptom in chronic multiple sclerosis. In order to investigate the brain structures involved, magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 20 patients. Neuropsychological assessment included the WAIS and WMS subtests information, picture completion, similarities, digit span, logical memory, and paired associate learning. All patients with severely impaired memory functions (n = 5) showed bilateral lesions in the medial temporal lobe, whereas in those patients with moderate (n = 10) or no measurable impairment of memory testing (n = 5) either no lesions were seen in the medial temporal lobes or these lesions were restricted to one side. A post hoc cluster analysis strikingly confirmed these results. The differences could not be related to the age of the patients, the disease duration, or the level of education. Extensive lesions in the white matter of the frontal lobes, thinning and lining of the corpus callosum, and bilateral involvement of the anterior cingulate gyrus had no bearing on the neuropsychological results. These findings indicate that bilateral demyelination in the hippocampal regions is the most likely explanation for the impairment of anterograde memory in such patients. PMID- 3171619 TI - Concordant Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome in monozygotic twins: a clinical, neurophysiological and CT study. AB - A 19-year-old male twin pair were concordant for suffering from Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome in different forms and severity. CT revealed ventricular asymmetries of varying degree within the normal range and there were no neurophysiological abnormalities. The interrelationship of genetic and environmental factors in phenotyping the syndrome is discussed. PMID- 3171620 TI - Motor neuron disease and malignancies: results of a population-based study. AB - Eight cases of malignancies with concurrent motor neuron disease (MND), derived from an unselected population representing all cases of MND diagnosed during a 15 year period in two Italian provinces, were studied to verify the existence of paraneoplastic forms of the disease. No statistically significant association between the two diseases was found. Therefore, from our findings the occurrence of a neoplasm in a patient affected by MND can be considered a chance association. PMID- 3171621 TI - Ollier's disease and Maffucci's syndrome: distinct entities or a continuum. Case report: enchondromatosis complicated by an intracranial glioma. AB - A patient with the diagnosis of enchondromatosis (Ollier's disease) presented with seizures. CT examination showed an avascular right frontal lobe lesion. Surgery revealed a histologically verified grade II astrocytoma. This case is consistent with recent evidence that questions the distinction between the two forms of enchondromatosis (Ollier's disease and Maffucci's syndrome). Maffucci's syndrome is associated with a high rate of malignancy, including intracranial gliomas. Ollier's disease has not been associated with malignant change, other than sarcomatous transformation of the enchondromas. However, Ollier's disease and Maffucci's syndrome may be a spectrum of the same disease process, and therefore patients with diagnosed Ollier's disease are at a higher risk for malignancy than has been previously recognized. PMID- 3171622 TI - Cerebellar ataxia with recovery related to central pontine myelinolysis. AB - Development of severe ataxia and mild pyramidal signs without mental deterioration, tetraparesis or pseudobulbar palsy during recovery from withdrawal delirium and initial hyponatraemia are unusual clinical features consistent with central pontine myelinolysis. This diagnosis was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in an alcoholic man. Clinical and electrodiagnostic improvement occurred, whereas the MRI findings remained unchanged in a follow-up study. PMID- 3171623 TI - Meige's syndrome and bilateral pallidal calcification. PMID- 3171624 TI - Philadelphia-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia with breakpoint cluster region rearrangement: molecular analysis, clinical characteristics, and response to therapy. AB - We have detected rearrangement in the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) on chromosome 22 in cells derived from seven chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients who had no cytogenetic evidence of a chromosome abnormality. These Philadelphia (Ph)-negative, bcr rearrangement-positive CML patients had clinical features and laboratory parameters that bore a strong resemblance to those of Ph positive CML; all patients have shown a favorable response to hydroxyurea, busulphan, or alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) therapy. In one patient, because of the deletion of distal 3' sequences, detection of bcr rearrangement required a large probe that recognized proximal 5' sequences. Cells obtained from five patients were studied by Northern blotting and showed an aberrant 8 kilobase (kb) mRNA indistinguishable from the bcr-abl transcript that is felt to be a pathogenetic factor in Ph-positive CML. In three patients with a normal karyotype, bcr rearrangement was detected at the time of hematologic remission, and represented the only evidence for persistent malignancy. Our results suggest that: (1) the presence of bcr rearrangement in CML is associated with clinical features of Ph-positive disease, even in the absence of the Ph chromosome; (2) deletions occur within bcr and necessitate the use of probes covering both 5' and 3' DNA segments for accurate diagnosis; (3) molecular analysis may provide a useful approach to the follow-up of leukemia therapy in some patients; and (4) these patients respond to hydroxyurea, busulphan, and IFN-alpha therapy. PMID- 3171625 TI - Stage IA and IIA supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease: prognostic factors in surgically staged patients treated with mantle and paraaortic irradiation. AB - A total of 315 pathologically staged (PS) patients with IA and IIA Hodgkin's disease (HD) were treated with mantle and paraaortic irradiation, and evaluated for freedom-from-first relapse (FFR), survival, prognostic factors, and long-term complications. The 14-year actuarial FFR and survival were 82% and 93%, respectively, with a median follow-up time of 9 years. Mediastinal size was the only factor that predicted for a lower FFR, P less than .001. Forty-nine patients have developed recurrent HD. Thirty-six patients are disease-free following retreatment and only 13 patients have died of HD. Patients with mixed cellularity (MC) histology were more likely to relapse below the diaphragm (11%) as compared with patients with nodular sclerosis (NS) (5.1%) or lymphocyte predominant (LP) (3.6%) histology. These relapses were often associated with bulky pelvic nodal adenopathy and salvage treatment with chemotherapy alone often failed to control recurrent disease. Alternative diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations are presented for these patients. Thyroid abnormalities represented the most common long-term complication with an actuarial risk at 16 years of 37%. Major complications were rare. Mantle and paraaortic irradiation is associated with a high FFR and a low risk of complications and should remain standard treatment for early-stage HD. PMID- 3171626 TI - Adjuvant cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin chemotherapy for bladder cancer: an update. AB - Seventy-one patients received adjuvant Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide; Bristol-Myers Co, Evansville, IN), Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), and cisplatin (CISCA) chemotherapy between March 1981 and March 1986. Patients received adjuvant CISCA chemotherapy if they had pathological findings that were thought to predict for high likelihood of relapse. These included the presence of resected nodal metastases, extravesicular involvement of tumor, lymphatic/vascular permeation of the primary tumor, or pelvic visceral invasion. Sixty-two patients at a similar high risk for recurrence did not receive adjuvant CISCA chemotherapy because they refused, had medical contraindications to therapy, or were not referred for chemotherapy. Two-hundred six patients had a cystectomy performed during the same study period but had none of the poor prognostic features suggesting a high risk for relapse. Sixty-two percent of the patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy are alive and disease-free for a mean follow-up of 118 weeks (range, 28 to 310 weeks). A survival advantage exists for the adjuvant-treated patients when compared with those with unfavorable pathological findings who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (70% v 37%) (P = .00012): no difference exists in long-term disease-free survival for those with favorable pathological findings (long-term disease-free survival 76%) v those who received adjuvant chemotherapy (70%) (P = .33). Adjuvant CISCA chemotherapy prolongs the disease-free survival of some patients following a cystectomy. Patients who benefitted from adjuvant CISCA chemotherapy included those with resected nodal metastases, extra-vesicular involvement of tumor, and direct invasion of the pelvic viscera. Patients not benefitting from adjuvant CISCA chemotherapy in this analysis included those with lymphatic/vascular invasion in their primary tumor as the sole manifestation of high risk for relapse. PMID- 3171628 TI - Reoperation for brain metastases. AB - We report the results of reoperation for brain metastases in 21 patients with recurrent tumors following initial successful resection. The tumor recurrences were local (original site) in 14 patients, and occurred at other sites in the brain in the remaining seven. Time to CNS recurrence ranged from 3 to 30 months. At time of repeat craniotomy, disease was limited to the CNS in 12 (57%) of the patients. Median survival following second craniotomy was 9 months, and the actuarial 2-year survival was 25%. Neurological improvement was seen in two thirds of the patients; the median duration of neurological improvement was 6 months. There was no mortality, and only one patient developed increased deficit following surgery. We conclude that repeat resection of brain metastases is an important therapeutic option in selected patients, and should be considered in symptomatic patients with accessible mass lesions before the use of other experimental treatment. PMID- 3171627 TI - Should prophylactic anticonvulsants be administered to patients with newly diagnosed cerebral metastases? A retrospective analysis. AB - We analyzed a retrospective series of 195 patients with documented intracerebral metastases (ICM) to assess the frequency of late seizure development and the impact of prophylactic anticonvulsants. Eighteen percent of the patients presented with seizures. Of the remaining patients, 40% received prophylactic anticonvulsants (diphenylhydantoin [DPH] in greater than 90%). Ten percent developed late seizures at an interval from the diagnosis of ICM ranging from 1 to 59 weeks. No patient with a posterior fossa lesion developed seizure; conversely, patients with evidence on initial examination of cerebral hemispheric dysfunction had a higher incidence of late seizure development. The incidence of seizure was virtually identical in patients who received DPH compared with those in whom it was withheld, although two thirds of patients who developed seizure while on DPH had a serum anticonvulsant level that was subtherapeutic. Based on the above findings and until prospective data become available, we recommend that anticonvulsants be withheld in newly-diagnosed patients with ICM until the first seizure. PMID- 3171629 TI - Phase I trial of a mouse monoclonal antibody against GD3 ganglioside in patients with melanoma: induction of inflammatory responses at tumor sites. AB - Twenty-one patients were entered into a phase I trial to evaluate toxicity, antitumor effects, and biological responses at tumor sites during treatment of R24, an immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3) mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) against GD3 ganglioside. Toxicity was related to dose of R24. Urticaria and pruritus were the most prominent side effects, with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea occurring at the highest dose levels. Partial responses were observed in four patients lasting from 6 to 46 weeks, and mixed responses were seen in two patients. Responses occurred as early as 4 weeks and as late as 10 weeks after beginning treatment. Twenty of the 21 patients developed human IgG antibodies against R24. Antimouse Ig antibodies were first detected at a median of 14 days after starting treatment, but three of the four patients who had a partial response developed the antimouse Ig responses later than 20 days. Peak serum levels of R24 were related to dose and ranged from a mean of 0.9 micrograms/mL at the lowest dose level (1 mg/m2/d) to 44 micrograms/mL at the highest dose (50 mg/m2/d). The amount of R24 reaching tumor sites corresponded to the dose administered, and R24 could be detected in tumors as late as 30 days after finishing treatment. Inflammation at tumor sites was observed during treatment. Biopsies of tumors taken before, during, and after treatment revealed that R24 induced deposition of complement components, increased numbers of mast cells with mast cell degranulation, and infiltration of T lymphocytes. These results suggest that treatment with R24 can produce a localized inflammatory response at tumor sites that is capable of producing tumor regression. PMID- 3171630 TI - Keeping up with the cancer literature--PDQ ACCESS. AB - Physician Data Query (PDQ) (National Cancer Institute [NCI], Bethesda, MD) and CANCERLIT (NCI, Bethesda, MD) are two online cancer information databases. PDQ summarizes current cancer therapy literature into specific treatment recommendations. CANCERLIT is a bibliographic system similar to MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine [NLM], Bethesda, MD) that provides a comprehensive source of literature citations for the field of cancer. In this report, we discuss linking PDQ and CANCERLIT with PDQ ACCESS (NCI, Bethesda, MD)--a custom software package that makes searching the cancer literature easy for the practicing physician unfamiliar with database searching. PMID- 3171631 TI - Splenectomy for Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3171632 TI - Chemotherapy of advanced breast cancer. PMID- 3171633 TI - Dose-dependent effect of AHPrBP in malignant hypercalcemia: wishful thinking and facts. PMID- 3171634 TI - GABA-activated whole-cell currents in isolated retinal ganglion cells. AB - 1. We have begun to analyze neurotransmitter-activated conductances in retinal ganglion cells by measuring the response of single voltage-clamped adult goldfish ganglion cells to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Here we describe 1) our method of identifying ganglion cells in vitro after their dissociation from papain treated retinas, and 2) the response of these cells to GABA in the tight-seal whole cell configuration of the patch-clamp method (cf. 41) after 1-4 days of primary cell culture. 2. Ganglion cell somata were backfilled in situ by injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the optic nerve. After dissociation of the retinas containing these cells, HRP reaction product was localized to cells that retained the size, shape, and an intracellular organelle characteristic of ganglion cells in situ. These features enabled us thereafter to identify ganglion cells in vitro without retrograde marker transport. 3. GABA (3 10 microM) elicited inward currents and substantial noise increases in almost all ganglion cells at negative holding potentials. Reversal potential measurements in salines containing different chloride concentrations indicated that GABA produces a chloride-selective conductance increase in ganglion cells. Bicuculline (10 microM) reversibly inhibited ganglion cell GABA responses. Baclofen (10 microM) alone elicited no responses in ganglion cells. 4. Noise analysis of GABA activated whole cell currents yielded elementary conductance estimates of 16 pS, with a slow time constant of 30 ms plus a faster component of 1-2 ms. No significant voltage dependence of these values was observed between -20 and -80 mV. 5. We have thus devised a means of identifying ganglion cells dissociated from adult retinas, identified GABAA receptors (cf. 16) on these cells, and found that the responses mediated by these receptors resemble those found in other regions of central nervous system (CNS). These results are consistent with the notion that GABA may function as an inhibitory transmitter at synapses on ganglion cells. PMID- 3171635 TI - Organization and properties of neurons in a visual area within the insular cortex of the cat. AB - 1. Extracellular recordings from 304 neurons were obtained with carbon fiber containing multibarrel micropipettes. The cells were isolated in the insula in cats anesthetized with barbiturate and immobilized with gallamine triethiodide. Cells were tested with visual stimuli in the form of bars of light, moving edges, and square-wave, drifting grating patterns. 2. The spatial extent of the visually responsive region of insular cortex was assessed and was found to be limited to a surface area of approximately 6-8 mm2, the perimeter being delimited caudally by visually unresponsive cortex of the anterior sylvian gyrus, rostrally by the cortex surrounding the posterior third of the orbital sulcus (ventral bank), dorsally by the rostral extension of the dorsal bank of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus, and ventrally by a visually unresponsive zone bounded by a region about 2 mm2 ventrolateral from the anterior ectosylvian sulcal infolding. Furthermore, a group of unimodal, visually responsive cells often was found in the upper bank of the anterior rhinal sulcus. 3. The possibility of there being a visuotopic organization of insular neurons was examined by analyzing the distribution of receptive-field representation of neurons in sequential penetrations, as well as by searching for spatial progressions in the locations of visually responsive areas within the region. No such clear-cut organization was found among the cells of the insula. 4. Visually responsive neurons were encountered in groups, within electrode penetrations. These groupings were roughly segregated into three distinct levels within the depth of the cortex: the first between the pial surface and 600 micron, the second between 1,100 micron and 1,800 micron, and the third between 2,000 micron and 2,500 micron. 5. Neurons were classified according to their velocity sensitivity, directional preference, orientation sensitivity, length preference, modality specificity, response to electrical stimulation of extrageniculostriate regions, and response to light stimulation in the presence of microiontophoretically administered bicuculline methiodide (BMI). 6. Cells of superficial layers tended to exhibit a preference for high-velocity movements of light bars (600 degrees s-1), whereas those of deeper laminae generally preferred relatively lower velocity movements (60 degrees s-1). The clear preferences of many cells for certain directions of movement within the 360 degrees arc suggested the presence of a dynamic orientation sensitivity. 7. Proportionately more cells preferred moving bars (57%) to small moving spots (43%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3171636 TI - Modality specificity of neuronal responses within the cat's insula. AB - 1. Electrophysiological recordings of single-unit responses, multiunit responses, and electrically evoked field potentials have been made using carbon fiber containing micropipettes in cats anesthetized with barbiturate and immobilized with gallamine triethiodide. Recording sites sampled cortical regions throughout the insula, including zones more ventrally situated and more rostral and caudal than those described in the preceding, companion paper. One-hundred eleven cells in total were tested with a battery of different types of stimuli. 2. Stimuli were divided into two classes, according to either the intensity of the stimulus or its form. These are called physiological forms, or levels of stimulation, and nonphysiological forms or levels. The nonphysiological forms of stimuli for visual, somatosensory, and auditory modalities consisted of (for visual stimuli): 1) electrical stimulation of the optic nerve or 2) bright flashes light at 100% contrast; for somatosensory, electrical stimulation of the radial nerve by implanted cuff electrodes; and for auditory, stimulation with bursts of white noise generated at high intensities (80-100 dB) or with a loud click stimulus. Physiologically relevant levels of stimuli for these same modalities were: moving bars of light projected onto a tangent screen in front of the animal (visual); light cutaneous deformation, hair displacement, and light pressure delivered to various regions on the surface of the cat's body with hand-held probes, or delivered manually (somatosensory); and white noise generated at low intensities (ca. 40 dB) (auditory). 3. Cells situated in dorsal insular regions responded to visual stimuli when levels of sensory activation were employed using natural means, within normal, physiologically relevant limits. Responses to auditory or somatosensory stimulation were observed in this region only when very intense forms of "natural" stimulation, or when electrical stimulation (nonphysiologically relevant levels of stimulation) was delivered. In this latter case, the same cells in several instances could be made to appear polymodally responsive. With cells situated in ventral insular regions, some polymodal responses to physiologically relevant levels of stimulation were noted, although it was considerably more common to obtain unimodal responses. Nonphysiological levels of activation yielded evidence for a polymodal convergence onto the greater proportion of cells recorded. 4. Field potential recordings with microelectrodes revealed widely overlapping representations of all modalities in both dorsal and ventral regions of the insula, irrespective of the sensitivity displayed by the local neuronal r PMID- 3171637 TI - Nociceptive cutaneous stimuli evoke localized contractions in a skeletal muscle. AB - 1. The cutaneus trunci muscle (CTM) is a thin broad sheet of skeletal muscle that originates bilaterally on the humerus and inserts beneath the dermis of back and flank skin. A nociceptive stimulus applied to the skin elicits a localized reflex contraction in that region of the CTM underlying the site of sensory stimulation. While this "local sign" character of the CTM reflex corresponds to the segmental distribution of the afferent nerves (the dorsal cutaneous nerves, or DCNs) that enter the spinal cord in the lower thoracic and the lumbar levels, the motor output originates entirely from a circumscribed region of the cervical spinal cord. 2. Electrophysiological analysis of EMG activity in the muscle reflexly evoked by direct electrical stimulation of individual DCNs revealed a distinct topographic relationship, in that the shortest latency response of EMG activity in the muscle was consistently located approximately 1.0 cm rostral to the dermatome of the stimulated DCN. 3. Histochemical studies of the CTM show that individual muscle fibers run rostrocaudally, are focally innervated, and in adult rats, are approximately 3.0 cm in length. The major motor nerves exit from the brachial plexus, and functionally they divide the muscle into longitudinal (rostrocaudal) territories, which thus lie orthogonal to the dermatomal pattern of sensory innervation. The localized reflex responses to focal sensory stimuli indicate that the major longitudinal muscle fields contain many "reflex compartments." 4. The compartmentalized nature of the reflex response in the CTM suggests that nociceptive input from any one sensory dermatome has a preferred access to that fraction of the motoneuron pool that supplies the area of muscle underlying that specific region of skin, i.e., there is a sort of "matching" between groups of primary sensory neurons, interneurons, and motoneurons, which relates to the peripheral location of the stimulated nerve endings and of the muscle fibers that are reflexly activated. Although the partitioning of sensory input to motor nuclei has been shown most clearly for monosynaptic Ia connections, the CTM reflex suggests that sensory partitioning may also be demonstrated in a polysynaptic circuit. PMID- 3171638 TI - Intrinsic organization of the rat cutaneus trunci motor nucleus. AB - 1. We have investigated how the organization of the cutaneus trunci muscle (CTM) motor nucleus might correspond to the pattern of its physiological activation (see accompanying report, 61) by using HRP to label retrogradely the motoneurons supplying different anatomically and physiologically defined muscle compartments. The CTM motoneuron pool was found to be comprised of a tightly packed column of ventrolaterally located cells extending from caudal C6 to rostral T1 and to contain 1,183 cells per side; this unusually large number of motoneurons is consistent with the precisely localized reflex behavior exhibited by the muscle. 2. Each of three major motor nerves that functionally divide the CTM into three major longitudinal muscle fields (dorsal, lateral, ventral) was found to derive from a distinct subcolumn of motoneurons, which extends for the full rostrocaudal length of the parent CTM motor nucleus, such that the dorsal motor nerves derive from a medially located subcolumn, the lateral motor nerves from a centrally located subcolumn, and the ventral motor nerves from a subcolumn of motoneurons that sits most laterally in the CTM motor nucleus. 3. Localized injections of HRP into different rostrocaudal regions of the muscle revealed a further subdivision of the CTM motor nucleus: motoneurons located rostrally in the motoneuron pool supplied the rostral regions of the muscle, whereas more caudally located motoneurons in the pool supplied progressively more caudal sites in the muscle. 4. These results reveal the existence of both a mediolateral and a rostrocaudal subdivision of the motor nucleus; thus this intrinsic spatial organization of motoneurons relates the CTM motor nucleus topographically to the body coordinates of its target, the muscle. The possible relation of these findings to the expression of local sign in the CTM reflex, and how the underlying circuitry could develop appropriately, is discussed. PMID- 3171639 TI - Gustatory responsiveness of fibers in the hamster glossopharyngeal nerve. AB - 1. Mammalian taste receptors are distributed within separate subpopulations, innervated by branches of cranial nerves VII, IX, and X. Most gustatory electrophysiology has focused on input from the fungiform papillae on the anterior portion of the tongue, carried by the chorda tympani branch of the VIIth nerve. However, only a small percentage of the taste buds are located in the fungiform papillae (approximately 18% in the hamster). There have been no studies on the hamster's IXth nerve, which innervates greater than 50% of its taste buds, and most other studies of IXth nerve function have employed only whole-nerve recording. 2. Action potentials were recorded from 83 individual fibers in the IXth nerve of the hamster. Stimuli were five concentrations each of sucrose, NaCl, HCl, and quinine hydrochloride (QHCl), all presented to every fiber at 37 degrees C. Responses were quantified as the number of impulses in 10 s minus the preceding 10 s of spontaneous activity. 3. Across these concentration series, HCl and QHCl were by far the most excitatory stimuli, with mean responses across all cells three to four times greater than those evoked by sucrose or NaCl. The order of effectiveness of the stimuli was H greater than Q much greater than N greater than S. 4. Of the 83 fibers, 56 were stimulated via the foliate papillae and 27 via the single vallate papilla. No fibers responded to both of these fields. There were generally no differences in the sensitivity of these two subpopulations of taste buds, except that QHCl was more effective when applied to the foliates. 5. A "total" response measure was derived by summing the excitatory responses to each stimulus across the entire concentration series. The fibers were then classified according to the best total response, resulting in 52 HCl-, 19 QHCl-, 8 sucrose- and 4 NaCl-best cells. Considering the slope of the concentration-response functions as a criterion for classification produced very similar results. The fiber classification varied somewhat with concentration, with more fibers categorized as HCl- and QHCl-best at the higher concentration levels. 6. Breadth of responsiveness was measured using the equation developed by Smith and Travers. At the concentrations used to examine hamster chorda tympani fibers, IXth nerve fibers were not very responsive and were quite narrowly tuned to the four taste qualities. At higher concentrations the fibers became more broadly responsive across the four stimuli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3171640 TI - Responses of rat lateral hypothalamic neuron activity to dorsal raphe nuclei stimulation. AB - 1. The effects of dorsal raphe (DR) stimulation on neural activity in the rat lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), including specific glucose-sensitive neurons, were investigated by extracellular and intracellular recording in vivo, and the neurotransmitters involved were determined. 2. In 67 adult male anesthetized rats, 287 extracellular and 49 intracellular recordings of LHA responses to electrical stimulation of the DR were examined. 3. To determine neurotransmitter candidates, the effects of serotonin and the serotonin antagonists methysergide, lisuride, and (-)-propranolol were investigated by systemic administration and microelectrophoresis. 4. Of 287 spontaneously firing LHA neurons tested by DR stimulation, 157 (55%) were inhibited. Among these, 51% were glucose sensitive. The serotonin 1 receptor antagonists, lisuride and (-)-propranolol, attenuated the inhibitory responses to both DR stimulation and electrophoretic serotonin application. 5. Seventy-three (25%) were excited by DR stimulation, and 71% of these were glucose insensitive. Methysergide attenuated the excitatory responses to DR stimulation and the inhibitory response to electrophoretic serotonin application, but (-)-propranolol did not attenuate the excitation. 6. Intracellular recordings of LHA neurons during DR stimulation showed monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) with 3.8 and 3.0 ms latency, respectively. The reversal potential for the former was approximately -17 and for the latter, -94 mV. 7. From the results we concluded that 75% of LHA glucose-sensitive neurons receive inhibitory serotonin inputs from the DR through serotonin 1 receptors, and 20% of glucose-insensitive neurons receive excitatory inputs from the DR through serotonin 2 receptors though 41% of these receive inhibitory inputs through serotonin 1 receptor. PMID- 3171641 TI - Effect of electrical stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle on temporary threshold shifts in auditory sensitivity. I. Dependence on electrical stimulation parameters. AB - 1. This study examines the effect on auditory desensitization of electrically stimulating the crossed olivocochlear bundle (COCB) at the floor of the fourth ventricle. Auditory desensitization was induced by a loud high-frequency pure tone exposure and measured as temporary threshold shifts (TTS) in the sensitivity of the compound action potential recorded from the cochlea. COCB stimulation simultaneous with the loud sound exposure reduced the TTS. This reduction was contingent on the COCB stimulus being presented as a continuous burst for the entire duration (1 min) of the exposure. 2. The reduction in TTS could be abolished by prior administration of strychnine. The action of strychnine on these TTS effects of continuous COCB stimulation paralleled its action on the classical COCB effects elicited by pulsed short COCB trains. If the action of strychnine on the classical COCB effects was allowed to reverse, then continuous COCB stimulation reduced TTS as effectively as before. 3. The most effective COCB stimulus was found to be one that was presented at a high rate of stimulation simultaneous with the exposure. The COCB effect on TTS was also found to be a tonic one; smaller but significant reductions in TTS could still be obtained with the exposure presented 5 min after COCB stimulation though not when the delay was 10 min. The tonic reductions in TTS appeared to occur without any persisting changes at the cochlea. Normal cochlear responses remeasured in the delay between the stimulus and exposure were not altered. 4. It was hypothesized that the persisting effect responsible for TTS reductions did not occur at the cochlea but at some central site facilitated by antidromic action potentials along the COCB fibers. Subsequent exposure to loud sounds would activate the central site primed by the prior COCB stimulus. This hypothesis was tested by stimulating the COCB alone as before, but then lesioning the fibers before presenting the exposure. Persistent cochlear effects of the COCB stimulus should have still resulted in a reduction in TTS. However, if the persistent effect was at a more central location, lesioning the fibers would allow afferent input to act at the facilitated central location but would not allow subsequent expression of COCB effects at the cochlea. In this case, no reductions in TTS could be expected- precisely the results that were obtained in these experiments. Thus the COCB system appeared to have a "memory" component facilitated by prior stimulation and activated by a subsequent exposure. PMID- 3171642 TI - Effect of electrical stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle on temporary threshold shifts in auditory sensitivity. II. Dependence on the level of temporary threshold shifts. AB - 1. This report presents a more detailed examination of crossed olivocochlear bundle (COCB) effects on temporary threshold shifts (TTS). The principal aim was to establish the details of the relationship between the effects of continuous COCB stimulation and the TTS caused by various exposures. Initially, in various groups, different intensities of a 1-min exposure were presented with or without COCB stimulation. Stimulation at any particular rate caused greatest reductions in TTS to occur for the higher intensity exposures than for the lower intensity ones. Thus COCB stimulation at 140 pulses/s reduced maximum threshold losses by the following amounts: 13.33 [106 dB sound pressure level (SPL) exposure], 13.29 (103 dB SPL exposure), 8.9 (101 dB SPL exposure), and 0.77 dB (97 dB SPL exposure). 2. The effect of COCB stimulation was also examined on a shorter duration (30 s) exposure causing TTS intermediate between that due to 1-min exposure at 97 dB SPL and that at 101 dB SPL. Reductions in TTS to the shorter duration exposure were not obtained with COCB stimulation at 140 pulses/s but only when the rate was increased to 260/s. 3. Thus COCB stimulation at any particular rate caused greatest reductions in TTS when the exposure would have caused a large amount of TTS, regardless of the intensity or duration of exposure. These two parameters of the exposure could be traded to provide a level of TTS that would be affected by a standard COCB stimulus. Low-level exposures that caused only small amounts of TTS were not affected by the standard COCB stimulus. As the level of the exposure, and therefore, the ensuing TTS, increased (with increased duration or intensity of exposure), the standard stimulus had greater effects. Increasing the rate of pulses in the COCB stimulus resulted in the low-level exposures now being affected. Even at the higher rate, greatest reductions in TTS were obtained when the exposure would have resulted in high levels of TTS. 4. In an attempt to determine the site of action of the continuous COCB stimulus the endocochlear potential (EP) and the summating potential (SP) were recorded from scala media of the basal turn while applying COCB stimuli similar to those used in the TTS experiments. Although the continuous COCB stimulus caused the traditional changes in the EP and SP associated with COCB stimulation with pulsed short electrical trains, these changes adapted quite rapidly and did not persist for the amount of time shown to be necessary for full reductions in TTS to be obtained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3171643 TI - Relation of cortical areas MT and MST to pursuit eye movements. I. Localization and visual properties of neurons. AB - 1. Among the multiple extrastriate visual areas in monkey cerebral cortex, several areas within the superior temporal sulcus (STS) are selectively related to visual motion processing. In this series of experiments we have attempted to relate this visual motion processing at a neuronal level to a behavior that is dependent on such processing, the generation of smooth-pursuit eye movements. 2. We studied two visual areas within the STS, the middle temporal area (MT) and the medial superior temporal area (MST). For the purposes of this study, MT and MST were defined functionally as those areas within the STS having a high proportion of directionally selective neurons. MST was distinguished from MT by using the established relationship of receptive-field size to eccentricity, with MST having larger receptive fields than MT. 3. A subset of these visually responsive cells within the STS were identified as pursuit cells--those cells that discharge during smooth pursuit of a small target in an otherwise dark room. Pursuit cells were found only in localized regions--in the foveal region of MT (MTf), in a dorsal-medial area of MST on the anterior bank of the STS (MSTd), and in a lateral-anterior area of MST on the floor and the posterior bank of the STS (MST1). 4. Pursuit cells showed two characteristics in common when their visual properties were studied while the monkey was fixating. Almost all cells showed direction selectivity for moving stimuli and included the fovea within their receptive fields. 5. The visual response of pursuit cells in the several areas differed in two ways. Cells in MTf preferred small moving spots of light, whereas cells in MSTd preferred large moving stimuli, such as a pattern of random dots. Cells in MTf had small receptive fields; those in MSTd usually had large receptive fields. Visual responses of pursuit neurons in MST1 were heterogeneous; some resembled those in MTf, whereas others were similar to those in MSTd. This suggests that the pursuit cells in MSTd and MST1 belong to different subregions of MST. PMID- 3171644 TI - Relation of cortical areas MT and MST to pursuit eye movements. II. Differentiation of retinal from extraretinal inputs. AB - 1. We investigated cells in the middle temporal visual area (MT) and the medial superior temporal area (MST) that discharged during smooth pursuit of a dim target in an otherwise dark room. For each of these pursuit cells we determined whether the response during pursuit originated from visual stimulation of the retina by the pursuit target or from an extraretinal input related to the pursuit movement itself. We distinguished between these alternatives by removing the visual motion stimulus during pursuit either by blinking off the visual target briefly or by stabilizing the target on the retina. 2. In the foveal representation of MT (MTf), we found that pursuit cells usually decreased their rate of discharge during a blink or during stabilization of the visual target. The pursuit response of these cells depends on visual stimulation of the retina by the pursuit target. 3. In a dorsal-medial region of MST (MSTd), cells continued to respond during pursuit despite a blink or stabilization of the pursuit target. The pursuit response of these cells is dependent on an extraretinal input. 4. In a lateral-anterior region of MST (MST1), we found both types of pursuit cells; some, like those in MTf, were dependent on visual inputs whereas others, like those in MSTd, received an extraretinal input. 5. We observed a relationship between pursuit responses and passive visual responses. MST cells whose pursuit responses were attributable to extraretinal inputs tended to respond preferentially to large-field random-dot patterns. Some cells that preferred small spots also had an extraretinal input. 6. For 92% of the pursuit cells we studied, the pursuit response began after onset of the pursuit eye movement. A visual response preceding onset of the eye movement could be observed in many of these cells if the initial motion of the target occurred within the visual receptive field of the cell and in its preferred direction. In contrast to the pursuit response, however, this visual response was not dependent on execution of the pursuit movement. 7. For the remaining 8% of the pursuit cells, the pursuit discharge began before initiation of the pursuit eye movement. This occurred even though the initial motion of the target was outside the receptive field as mapped during fixation trials. Our data suggest, however, that such responses may be attributable to an expansion of the receptive field that accompanies enhanced visual responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3171645 TI - Relation of cortical areas MT and MST to pursuit eye movements. III. Interaction with full-field visual stimulation. AB - 1. Pursuit eye movements are usually made against a visual background that is moved across the retina by the pursuit movement. We have investigated the effect of this visual stimulation on the response of pursuit cells that lie within the superior temporal sulcus (STS) of the monkey. 2. We assigned these pursuit cells to one of two groups depending on the nature of their preferred visual stimulus. One group of cells, comprising all cells located in the dorsal-medial region of the medial superior temporal area (MSTd) and some cells in lateral-anterior MST (MST1), responded to the motion of a large patterned field but showed little or no response to small spots or slits. The other group, consisting of all foveal middle temporal area (MTf) cells and many MST1 cells, responded preferentially to small spot motion or equally well to small spot motion or large field. 3. For many pursuit cells that preferred large-field stimuli, the visual response showed a reversal of the preferred direction of motion as the size of the stimulus field increased. The reversal usually occurred as the size of the moving random-dot field used as a stimulus increased in size from 20 x 20 degrees to 30 x 30 degrees for motion at approximately 10 degrees/s. The size of the filed stimulus leading to reversal of preferred direction depended on the speed of stimulus motion. Higher speeds of motion required larger stimulus fields to produce a reversal of preferred direction. This reversal (of preferred direction) did not reflect a center-surround organization of the receptive field but seemed to reflect the spatial summation properties of these cells. 4. For three-quarters of the cells that preferred large-field stimulation, the preferred direction of motion for the large field was opposite to the preferred direction of the pursuit response. The remaining cells showed either the same preferred directions for large-field visual stimulation and the pursuit response or had bidirectional visual responses. If we consider only the cells that show a reversal of preferred direction for large- and small-field stimuli, the preferred direction for the large field was always the opposite to that of pursuit, and the preferred direction for the small field was always the same. 5. During pursuit against a lighted background, the cells that showed opposite preferred directions for large field stimulation and pursuit had synergistic responses--a facilitation of the pursuit response over the response during pursuit in the dark. Slow pursuit speeds (less than 20 degrees/s) produced the greatest facilitation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3171646 TI - Response properties of dorsolateral pontine units during smooth pursuit in the rhesus macaque. AB - 1. The anatomical connections of the dorsolateral pontine nucleus (DLPN) implicate it in the production of smooth-pursuit eye movements. It receives inputs from cortical structures believed to be involved in visual motion processing (middle temporal cortex) or motion execution (posterior parietal cortex) and projects to the flocculus of the cerebellum, which is involved in smooth pursuit. To determine the role of the DLPN in smooth pursuit, we have studied the discharge patterns of 191 DLPN neurons in five monkeys trained to make smooth-pursuit eye movements of a spot moving either across a patterned background or in darkness. 2. Four unit types could be distinguished. Visual units (15%) discharged in response to movement of a large textured pattern, often in a direction-selective fashion but not during smooth pursuit of a spot in the dark. Eye movement neurons (31%) discharged during sinusoidal smooth pursuit in the dark with peak discharge rate either at peak eye position or peak eye velocity, but they showed no response during background movement or during other visual stimulation. These units continued to discharge when the target was extinguished (blanked) briefly, and the monkey continued to make smooth eye movements in the dark. The majority (54%) of our DLPN units discharged during both smooth pursuit in the dark and background movement while the monkey fixated. Blanking the target during smooth pursuit revealed that these units fell into two distinct classes. Visual pursuit units ceased discharging during a blank, suggesting that they had only a visual sensitivity. Pursuit and visual units continued to discharge during the blank, indicating that they had a combined oculomotor and visual sensitivity. 3. Ninety-five percent of the units that discharged during smooth pursuit were direction selective. These units had rather broad directional tuning curves with widths at half height ranging from 65 to 180 degrees. Many preferred directions for DLPN units were observed, although the vertical and near-vertical directions predominated. 4. Most units that responded to large-field background movement were direction selective. During sinusoidal movement of a large-field background, half of them also discharged in relation to stimulus velocity, whereas others did not. PMID- 3171647 TI - Repetitive firing properties of phrenic motoneurons in the cat. AB - 1. Using both rectangular- and ramp-shaped intracellularly injected currents, the repetitive firing properties of 23 antidromically identified phrenic motoneurons were determined in anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated cats during hypocapnic apnea. In response to rectangular depolarizing current injections, regular repetitive firing was observed in all cells. 2. At the beginning of a rectangular current pulse, the firing pattern was characterized by high frequency of firing that rapidly adapted to a much lower steady-state value. The relationship between the reciprocal of the first interspike interval (F1-2) and injected current was described by an initial linear portion of shallow slope, followed by a much steeper segment that smoothly reached a plateau value. The plateau value of F1-2 did not change with further increase in injected current. 3. The steady-state firing frequency versus injected current relationship was represented by a line of shallow slope over the entire range of injected currents. The slope of this line ranged between 1.1 and 4.5 Hz/nA. 4. A weaker correlation between minimal firing frequency for continuous activity and the reciprocal of the after hyperpolarization duration (1/AHPdur) was found for phrenic motoneurons than exists for lumbosacral motoneurons (26). Comparison of AHP shape at different levels of repetitive firing revealed that the slopes of the ascending portions of the AHP were similar except at the higher injected currents. Further, in the same cells during natural inspiratory activity the ascending part of the AHP was similar to that observed during current injection. 5. Depolarizing current ramps (approximately 1-s duration) were injected into 11 phrenic motoneurons. Instantaneous firing frequency was directly proportional to the intensity of the instantaneous injected current and independent of the rate of change of current for the range of ramp slopes tested (5-80 nA/s). Ramp-and hold current injections were done in three motoneurons, and the peak instantaneous firing frequency showed little adaptation during the hold maneuver. 6. During hypocapnic apnea, we mimicked the expiratory-phase inhibition and inspiratory-phase excitation of phrenic motoneurons by injecting a 1-s depolarizing current ramp that was immediately preceded by a 1-s hyperpolarizing current ramp of the same absolute peak current intensity. Compared with the effects of positive current ramps alone the spike onsets during the negative positive current ramp paradigm were either facilitated or retarded. Various ionic mechanisms are suggested for these effects as well as their function in determining the onset of firing during natur PMID- 3171648 TI - An electrophysiological study of single somatosensory neurons in rat granular cortex serving the limbs: a laminar analysis. AB - 1. Recordings were made from 545 neurons in somatosensory granular cortex of anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. Of this sample, 32% were active spontaneously. Active neurons were not distributed uniformly throughout cortex but were most common in layer V. The highest mean spontaneous discharge frequency also was found in this layer. Cells with the lowest rates of spontaneous activity were located immediately above and below. One subset of spontaneously active neurons was characterized by an unusually high discharge frequency modulated by somatic stimulation. 2. Only 25.8% of the 534 neurons tested in granular cortex could be activated by somatic stimuli. Only 9.4% had cutaneous receptive fields, and 2.4% received deep inputs. The remainder (14.0%) were driven by higher intensity stimuli and could not be classified unequivocally as either cutaneous or deep. The 50 neurons with cutaneous receptive fields were located in the middle third of the cortex, and those with the largest receptive fields were found most superficially. Neurons driven by somatic stimuli were found most frequently in layer Vb, where 44.5% of the sample confirmed histologically to be in layer Vb could be excited. 3. The large proportion of neurons lacking demonstrable somatic inputs was attributed to the use of iontophoretically administered glutamate, which allowed the detection of many unresponsive neurons. This proportion was not reduced by the use of nitrous oxide and halothane as an anesthetic. 4. Neurons activated only by deep inputs were found on the medial and rostral edge of the hindlimb granular cortex, suggesting that deep and cutaneous inputs may be segregated in this species. 5. Electrical stimuli applied to the foot pads activated a sample of neurons differing from those driven by natural somatic stimuli in terms of depth, spontaneous activity, probability of somatic input, and probability of activation by the pyramidal tract. 6. Pyramidal tract neurons tended to be located in layer Vb, were active spontaneously, and had evidence of somatic inputs, although most required relatively intense stimuli to be excited. Other neurons activated synaptically from the pyramidal tract were located in the layers immediately above and below the pyramidal tract neurons. These cells were divided into two groups on the basis of action-potential latency, action potential shape, and sensitivity to acetylcholine. PMID- 3171649 TI - Theory of dynamic similarity in neuronal systems. AB - 1. The techniques of dynamic similarity from the engineering science of fluid mechanics are applied to neuronal systems to suggest how to scale down critical parameters (such as numbers of constituent cells and synapses, synaptic strengths, thresholds, etc.) from naturally occurring systems to computer models. 2. The interconnectivity of a prototypical neuronal junction is defined in terms of the total number of projecting fibers, receiving cells, synapses, and directly connected cell fiber pairs. Critical derivative parameters are defined in terms of these, including: a global convergence factor, alpha ij, which is the ratio of the numbers of projecting fibers to receiving cells; and an interconnectivity completeness parameter or microscopic convergence/divergence parameter, gamma ij, which measures both the percentage of cells to which a given sending fiber projects (and the percentage of fibers from which a given cell receives) and the percentage of cell fiber combinations which are directly connected. 3. Analysis of the differential equations governing neuroelectric activity in constituent neurons suggests the definition of a sensitivity parameter complex, sigma ij (with components eta ij and mu ij) for each ij junction. These numbers represent the ratio of synaptic drive to current leakage in nonactive neurons. 4. A model for quasi-steady firing suggests the definition of a parameter, rho *j, which may be used to characterize the level of activity in a given neuronal population in terms of its synaptic drive and system parameters. It may be considered as the neuronal analog of the Reynolds number in fluid mechanics. 5. The analysis implies that computer models of neuronal systems should be scaled so as to keep the parameters alpha ij, gamma ij, and sigma ij for every junction at the same values as in the corresponding junctions of naturally occurring system being modeled. Equations for a scaling factor, chi, numbers of constituent synapses, thresholds, etc., are provided. The scaling method is illustrated by a computer simulation example and by application to the junction of the perforant path fibers to the granule cells of the hippocampus. 6. The analysis shows that there is a fundamental trade-off in scaled down computer models between verisimilitude at the level of network interconnectivity and verisimilitude at the level of individual neuronal dynamics. 7. The approach of dynamic similarity is discussed with respect to compression of free parameters and predictive comparison of naturally occurring systems. PMID- 3171650 TI - Synaptic organization of the tectal-facial pathways in the cat. I. Synaptic potentials following collicular stimulation. AB - 1. The synaptic pathways underlying tectal influence over pinna movements were studied using an acute electrophysiological approach. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, postsynaptic potentials were recorded intracellularly in antidromically identified, cat facial motoneurons following electrical stimulation of the superior colliculus. How collicular topography is reflected in these synaptic potentials was examined using multiple stimulation sites. The pathways responsible for tectally evoked synaptic potentials were studied by making acute brain stem lesions and by intra-axonal horseradish peroxidase (HRP) staining. 2. Monosynaptic excitatory potentials (EPSPs) with latencies ranging from 0.7 to 1.1 ms and amplitudes that were always less than 1 mV were recorded in motoneurons following stimulation of the contralateral superior colliculus. Larger disynaptic EPSPs ranging in latency from 1.2 to 2.0 ms were recorded both in isolation and in association with monosynaptic EPSPs. In addition, disynaptic inhibitory synaptic potentials (IPSPs) with latencies ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 ms were observed, often in combination with monosynaptic EPSPs. Both disynaptic EPSPs and IPSPs were graded, augmented by multiple stimuli and found in all categories of motoneurons. 3. Stimulation of the ipsilateral superior colliculus produced nearly the same spectrum of potentials and latencies as did contralateral tectal stimulation. Occlusion between ipsi- and contralaterally evoked IPSPs suggests there might be a common element in the inhibitory disynaptic pathways. 4. More discrete populations of facial motoneurons were investigated. Specifically, motoneurons innervating the platysma and orbicularis oculi muscles, the intrinsic ear muscles, and muscles that move the vibrissae all displayed tectally elicited mono- and di-synaptic potentials. Collicular input was not restricted to motoneurons involved in orienting the pinnae. 5. The presence, polarity, and amplitude of the synaptic potentials evoked in individual facial motoneurons exhibited variations that were related to the site of stimulation in either the ipsi- or contralateral colliculus. These variations are compatible with the idea that the collicular input to facial motoneurons is topographically organized. 6. Acute lesions at the level of the superior olive indicated that the pathway producing the contralateral monosynaptic EPSPs runs, near the midline, ipsilateral to the target facial nucleus, whereas the contralateral disynaptic and the ipsilateral mono- and disynaptic pathways lie further lateral.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3171651 TI - Multimicroelectrode investigation of monkey striate cortex: spike train correlations in the infragranular layers. AB - 1. In the infragranular layers of the striate cortex of three monkeys, we studied tangential neuronal interactions by analyzing cross-correlograms calculated from spike trains recorded with 30 closely spaced microelectrodes. 2. There are two major types of correlogram structures--"narrow" peaks a few milliseconds wide, sometimes accompanied by small lateral troughs, and "broad" peaks approximately 30- to 100-ms wide. Isolated troughs are rare. Both types of structures are superimposed in the same correlograms; they are not due to shared optical stimulation. 3. In layer VI, narrow peaks are largest in a short lateral range of approximately 220 micron, and they depend on ocularity. In layer V, the lateral range is greater, and the dependency on ocularity is weak. 4. In addition, narrow peaks are largest at distances of 160 micron if the angles of preferred orientation are similar. In layer VI, however, at tangential distances of 300-400 micron, peaks are smaller, and troughs are found more often, for neuron pairs with parallel orientations compared with those with orthogonal orientations. From the agreement of this finding with a cooperative theory, we conclude that orientation selectivity is shaped by collective interactions. 5. Broad peaks always depend on ocularity, and the associated lateral interaction range exceeds the maximum of 1 mm investigated. Their size sharply decreases with receptive field distance. 6. Average mutual delays of spikes of neuron pairs, manifest as lateral displacements of broad peaks, are interdependent; the delay between neurons 1 and 3 is the sum of that of neurons 1 and 2 and of neurons 2 and 3. This feature permits to rank the neurons on a "delay scale." 7. We conclude from 5 and 6 above that broad peaks partly result from intraretinal interactions whose effects are transmitted to the cortex via slow and fast pathways. 8. Lateral troughs adjacent to narrow peaks provide evidence that neurons at the "slow" end of the delay scale inhibit those at the "fast" end, and to a lesser extent, nondirectional neurons inhibit directional ones. PMID- 3171652 TI - Single vibrissal cortical column in SI cortex of rat and its alterations in neonatal and adult vibrissa-deafferented animals: a quantitative 2DG study. AB - 1. A quantitative 2-[14C]deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) autoradiographic study was undertaken to determine the functional (metabolic) organization of an individual column in the first somatosensory cortex (SI) of the awake restrained rat. Manual or mechanically controlled brush stroking of a single vibrissa (typically C3) was used in order to evoke neural activity and increase glucose utilization in a single cortical barrel in lamina IV and in adjacent supra- and infragranular layers in register with the single cortical barrel labeling in lamina IV. 2. The single activated vibrissal column was found to extend from layer I to the superficial half of layer VI of the contralateral SI cortex and was fusiform in shape, being of largest diameter (650-micron) in layer IV and smallest diameter (200 micron) in layer VI. 3. This single metabolic column was not uniform in its density of labeling. The greatest local cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (LCMRG) was found in layer IV (170 mumol.100 g-1.min-1), layers II-III, and V had, on the average, similar LCMRG values (115 mumol.100 g-1.min-1), which decreased with distance from layer IV. 4. The functional (metabolic) columnar activity center situated in layer IV corresponded in size to the appropriate anatomical barrel as determined from thionin-stained sections. Increased metabolic activity was not strictly confined to the candle-pin-shaped column but extended tangentially as radiating fingerlike projections toward the neighboring barrels. 5. In cortical layers other than IV, the metabolic column was less prominently labeled, and the metabolic activity also branched in the tangential plane. The labeling pattern profile in upper layers was characterized by numerous lateral spreading fingerlike projections of increased glucose metabolism. 6. Neonatal follicle lesions sparing only C3 vibrissa caused a great increase (125%) in cortical territory driven by the spared whisker with a concomitant loss of columnar shape and decrease in intensity of metabolic activity in response to its stimulation. 7. Similar lesions in adult rats produced a significant increase (40%) in dimensions of the spared C3 cortical column, which was, however, smaller than that produced after neonatal lesions. The metabolic activation of layer Vb in the spared C3 column was increased (17%) compared with that of the control column.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3171653 TI - Analysis of vertebrate eye movements following intravitreal drug injections. I. Blockade of retinal ON-cells by 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate eliminates optokinetic nystagmus. AB - 1. Horizontal optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was examined in alert rabbits and cats following intravitreal injection of 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB), an agent which selectively blocks the light-responsiveness of retinal ON-cells while having little effect on OFF-cells. The retinal actions of APB were assessed independently by electroretinography. 2. In five rabbits, doses of APB sufficient to eliminate the b-wave of the electroretinogram reduced drastically the ability of the injected eye to drive OKN at all stimulus speeds tested (1-96 degrees/s). Impairment of OKN was apparent within minutes of the injection, remained maximal for several hours, and recovered completely in 1-7 days. OKN in response to stimulation of the uninjected eye alone remained qualitatively and quantitatively normal. 3. Following administration of APB, OKN in response to binocular stimulation displayed a directional asymmetry. Stimuli moving in the preferred (temporal-to-nasal) direction for the uninjected eye became more effective than stimuli moving in the opposite direction, indicating that the injected eye could no longer contribute to binocular OKN. 4. When rabbits viewed stationary stimuli through the APB-treated eye alone, episodes of slow (less than 1 degrees/s) ocular drift were observed, similar to the positional instability seen when rabbits are placed in darkness or when the retinal image is stablized artifically (12). 5. APB had little effect on OKN in normal cats. In two cats that had previously received large lesions of the visual cortex, however, APB eliminated the ability of the injected eye to drive monocular OKN. The extent of the impairment was similar to that seen in rabbits. Because the cortex is thought to contribute more to OKN in cats than in rabbits, this result suggests that the optokinetic pathways disrupted by APB project subcortically. 6. This study demonstrates that the integrity of retinal ON-cells is required to sustain normal OKN. The results are consistent with additional anatomic and physiological evidence suggesting that a particular subclass of retinal ganglion cells, the ON direction-selective cells, may provide a crucial source of visual input to central optokinetic pathways. PMID- 3171654 TI - Analysis of vertebrate eye movements following intravitreal drug injections. II. Spontaneous nystagmus induced by picrotoxin is mediated subcortically. AB - 1. Eye movements were observed following an injection of picrotoxin, a GABA antagonist, into the vitreous of one eye. A spontaneous nystagmus was observed in cats, rabbits, and turtles, even in total darkness, with slow-phase eye movements in the temporal-to-nasal direction for the injected eye. 2. During visual stimulation by a horizontal drifting pattern, injected eyes moved in the temporal to-nasal direction, irrespective of stimulus direction. In cats, however, the nystagmus was usually slower when the injected eye viewed nasal-to-temporal motion (opposite to the direction of the spontaneous nystagmus). The spontaneous nystagmus could be halted or even reversed by allowing cats to view motion opposite to the direction of the nystagmus with the uninjected eye alone. The nystagmus could not be overridden in this fashion in rabbits or turtles. 3. The nystagmus induced by picrotoxin could also be modified by vestibular stimulation. When cats were placed on their sides, the spontaneous horizontal nystagmus often decreased and spontaneous vertical nystagmus with upward slow phase movements occurred. During sinusoidal horizontal vestibular stimulation, the horizontal nystagmus due to picrotoxin added to the vestibuloocular reflex as a velocity offset in the temporal-to-nasal direction. 4. Following bilateral ablation of the cat visual cortex, picrotoxin's effect became even more pronounced than before the ablation. Therefore, at least some picrotoxin-sensitive cells can use subcortical pathways, perhaps to the accessory optic nuclei. The visual cortex, which also processes directional information, may be able to compensate for changes in retinal processing induced by picrotoxin in intact animals. 5. This study demonstrates the importance of retinal GABA in the control of eye stability. As GABA is known to be responsible for null direction inhibition of directionally sensitive retinal ganglion cells, these results suggest that the output of these cells may be critical for the normal functioning of central optokinetic pathways, even in the absence of visual cortex. PMID- 3171655 TI - Saccadic eye movements evoked by microstimulation of the fastigial nucleus of macaque monkeys. AB - 1. Systematic exploration throughout the deep cerebellar nuclei and white matter disclosed that the region from which saccadic eye movements (saccades) were evoked with weak currents (less than 10 microA) was confined to the fastigial nucleus and the adjacent white matter. 2. When an electrode for stimulation was advanced in the cerebellum, saccades were evoked in the direction of the stimulated side (ipsilateral saccades) as it entered the low-threshold region. In some tracks, particularly when the electrode was advanced in the medial portion of the fastigial nucleus, the direction of the evoked saccades changed from the ipsilateral to the contralateral. 3. The mappings with microstimulation disclosed that the ipsilateral saccades were elicited from a relatively wide region that included almost the full extent of the fastigial nucleus. The low-threshold region continued in the white matter caudally into vermal lobule VII and rostrally into the dorsal aspect of the brachium conjunctivum. On the other hand, the contralateral saccades were evoked from a relatively circumscribed region in the ventromedial portion of the fastigial nucleus. 4. The reversal in the direction of the horizontal component occurred always in a narrow zone in the core of the fastigial nucleus. The caudal part of this zone coincided with an ellipsoidal region where anterogradely labeled axons of the Purkinje cells terminated when HRP was injected into vermal lobule VII. 5. When bicuculline (0.2 1 microgram) was injected in the ellipsoidal region, the ipsilateral saccades evoked from the dorsocaudal aspect of the region were suppressed for several hours. On the other hand, the contralateral saccades evoked from the ventromedial portion of the fastigial nucleus were either unchanged or enhanced. 6. Because the ipsilateral saccades were suppressed by bicuculline, they were most probably evoked by stimulation of the presynaptic component of gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) mediated synapses, namely the axons of Purkinje cells. 7. Because stimulation of the presynaptic component of the inhibitory synapses evoked ipsilateral saccades, activation of the postsynaptic component would evoke contralateral saccades. In fact, the distribution of the fastigial sites yielding contralateral saccades coincided with the course of axons of fastigial neurons arising in the ellipsoidal region. It is most likely, therefore, that the contralateral saccades were evoked by stimulation of fastigial neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3171656 TI - Nonlinear systems analysis of the hippocampal perforant path-dentate projection. I. Theoretical and interpretational considerations. AB - 1. Nonlinear systems analytic procedures, based on an orthogonalized functional power series approach, were developed for study of the transformational properties of the hippocampal formation. As a testing stimulus, the procedures utilize a train of electrical impulses with randomly varying interimpulse intervals. The specific case was considered of applying such a stimulus to the perforant path, a major afferent to the hippocampal dentate gyrus that arises from the entorhinal cortex. Resulting field potentials evoked within the dentate gyrus are recorded to all impulses in the train. Computational algorithms based on cross-correlations determine the relationship between the interimpulse interval within the random train and amplitude of the evoked dentate potentials. The calculations, which reduce to averaging procedures, were derived for first- and second-order terms, or kernels, of the orthogonalized functional power series. 2. It is proposed that such an approach can be applied to a single component of the complex field potential evoked in the dentate gyrus. This component, the population spike, reflects the action potential discharge of dentate granule cells. Thus, a field potential component for which the underlying neuronal generator is well-known can be analyzed with respect to the transformational characteristics of the network of neurons that influence that generator. Other components of the complex field potential produced by other generators can be ignored. It is shown that this adaptation has the effect of greatly simplifying both the computation and presentation of kernels. 3. As a further consequence of this adaptation, the resulting first- and second-order kernels were shown to have specific interpretations. The first-order kernel represents the average response of the orthodromically driven granule cells to the set of stimuli comprising the random impulse train. The second-order kernel quantitatively characterizes the nonlinearity of the granule cell response, and may be interpreted as a generalized recovery function; i.e., the first input of any pair of stimuli in the train activates the newtork, and the second input tests the modulatory influence of the network excited by the initial input. 4. Most past investigations of nonlinearities of the perforant path-dentate projection have utilized pairs of stimulus impulses. We show here that, for a second-order system, the expected results from paired impulse experiments may be predicted from second-order kernels. Disagreement between the measured and predicted results reflects interactions of a higher order, and thus, greater system complexity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3171657 TI - Nonlinear systems analysis of the hippocampal perforant path-dentate projection. II. Effects of random impulse train stimulation. AB - 1. Nonlinear systems analytic techniques were used to characterize transformational properties of the network of neurons activated by perforant path input to the rabbit hippocampus. Trains of 4,064 impulses with randomly varying interimpulse intervals were used to stimulate perforant path fibers, and amplitudes of evoked dentate granule cell population spikes were measured. Interimpulse intervals of the random stimulus train were determined by a Poisson distribution with a mean interimpulse interval of 500 ms, and with intervals ranging from 1 to 5,000 ms. The response of dentate granule cells to this stimulation was assumed to reflect activity in the larger hippocampal network, because other subpopulations of neurons activated monosynaptically and polysynaptically within the hippocampal formation contribute to granule cell excitability through multiple feedforward and feedback pathways. System properties were characterized both for halothane anesthetized and chronically implanted, unanesthetized preparations. 2. Second-order kernel analysis showed that population spike amplitude was highly dependent on interimpulse interval. When population spikes of all latencies were included in the same analysis, stimulation impulses produced near-total suppression of spike amplitude when they were preceded 10-20 ms by another impulse in the train. Spike suppression extended to approximately 50 ms and was inversely related to length of the interimpulse interval. Suppression of granule cell response to intervals within the range of 10-50 ms was not influenced by halothane anesthesia. 3. Interstimulus intervals greater than approximately 50 ms resulted in a facilitation of population spike amplitude, with maximum facilitation occurring in response to intervals of 90-100 ms. The magnitude of maximum facilitation was significantly greater for anesthetized (129%) than for unanesthetized (74%) preparations. The range of intervals resulting in facilitation for unanesthetized animals could extend to 1,000-1,100 ms (average range, 61-714 ms). This was much greater than observed for population spikes recorded from anesthetized animals (50-364 ms), which exhibited suppression in response to intervals of approximately 300-700 ms. 4. Further analysis revealed that the nature of nonlinearities in population spike amplitude may depend on spike latency. For example, population spikes of "short" latency (3-4 or 4-5 ms, depending on the animal) exhibited only facilitation in response to interstimulus intervals of 1-4 ms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3171658 TI - Nonlinear systems analysis of the hippocampal perforant path-dentate projection. III. Comparison of random train and paired impulse stimulation. AB - 1. The transformational properties of the network of hippocampal neurons activated monosynaptically and polysynaptically by electrical stimulation of the perforant path were analyzed using random impulse train and paired impulse stimuli. In response to both types of input, the amplitudes of granule cell population spikes evoked in the dentate gyrus were used as the measure of network output. The random stimulus train consisted of a series of 4,064 electrical impulses, with interimpulse intervals determined by a Poisson distribution; the mean interimpulse interval of the train was 500 ms, and the range was 1-5,000 ms. Paired impulse stimuli consisted of pairs of impulses separated by 10-1,200 ms; impulses pairs were delivered once every 20 s. The procedures were applied to both anesthetized and chronically implanted, unanesthetized preparations. 2. Nonlinear systems analysis of population spike responses evoked during random train stimulation revealed that dentate granule cell output to any impulse was highly dependent on the interval since a prior impulse. Data from anesthetized animals showed that population spike amplitudes were markedly suppressed in response to intervals less than 50 ms, facilitated in response to intervals of approximately 100 ms, suppressed slightly in response to intervals of 300-700 ms, and unaffected by intervals greater than 700 ms. Data from unanesthetized animals showed similar results except that facilitation rather than suppression of spike amplitude was observed in response to intervals of 300-700 ms, and could extend to intervals as great as 1,000 ms. 3. The results of paired impulse stimulation applied to the same preparations also showed that granule cell response was highly dependent on interimpulse interval. However, nonlinearities observed with paired impulse stimulation differed from those revealed by a random impulse signal. Compared to results of random train stimulation, a paired impulse format produced greater magnitude spike suppression in response to short interimpulse intervals (e.g., 10-20 ms), maximum facilitation in response to shorter interstimulus intervals (50 ms rather than 100 ms), greater magnitude spike facilitation, and greater suppression in response to intervals greater than or equal to 300 ms. Furthermore, there were virtually no differences in the nonlinearities of granule cell response recorded from anesthetized and unanesthetized animals when a paired impulse format was used, whereas several differences were observed with random train stimuli. 4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3171659 TI - Muscle stiffness in human ankle dorsiflexors: intrinsic and reflex components. AB - 1. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical response to stretch in normal human ankle dorsiflexors at different levels of voluntary contraction. In an active muscle, the total mechanical response is the sum of the intrinsic response from the contractile apparatus, the response from passive tissues, and the reflex mediated response. Each of these components was investigated. 2. The total incremental stiffness was defined as the ratio between the torque increment and the amplitude of the stretch. In 14 subjects the total stiffness increased from approximately 0.6 N.m/deg to approximately 2.5 N.m/deg at 50% of MVC and remained constant (+/- 10%) from 30 to 80% of MVC. 3. The contribution to incremental stiffness from intrinsic muscle properties was measured during electrical stimulation of the deep peroneal nerve at 7-50 Hz. Intrinsic stiffness increased linearly with torque from approximately 0.5 N.m/deg to approximately 2.5 N.m/deg at 80% of MVC. 4. The reflex component (total minus intrinsic stiffness) had a maximum of 0.5-1.5 N.m/deg at 30-50% of MVC and was approximately zero at no and maximal contraction. For intermediate levels of contraction the reflex increased the stiffness with 40-100% of the intrinsic stiffness in this flexor muscle. 5. The reflex contribution to total stiffness began approximately 50 ms after onset of stretch and peaked 150-300 ms after onset of stretch. 6. Total, intrinsic, and reflex mediated stiffness were all nearly independent of the amplitude of stretch in the range from 2 to 7 degrees. The higher stiffness observed for 1 degree stretches could be due to "short range stiffness" of the cross bridges. 7. Stretching of a contracting muscle generates large force increments even for moderate amplitudes of stretch. Approximately half of this force increment is due to the stretch reflex, which makes the muscle stiffer than predicted from the intrinsic stiffness. These findings in human flexor muscles are surprisingly similar to previous findings in extensor muscles of the decerebrate cat. PMID- 3171660 TI - Bipolar origin of synaptic inputs to sustained OFF-ganglion cells in the mudpuppy retina. AB - 1. The synaptic inputs to sustained OFF-center ganglion cells of the mudpuppy retina were studied using a superfused retina-eye-cup preparation. Intra- and extracellular electrophysiological recording techniques were carried out during bath application of 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB), a glutamate analog that selectively blocks the light responses of ON-bipolars but has minor effects on OFF-bipolar or horizontal cells. 2. The use of APB reduced ganglion cell inputs to those arising from the OFF-bipolar channel. In this way, the existence and polarity (depolarizing vs. hyperpolarizing) of direct or indirect bipolar connections to ganglion cells was determined. 3. Cobalt application was used to block synaptic transmission and demonstrate that APB does not have a direct excitatory action on ganglion cells. 4. Intracellular recording experiments included the use of pulsatile and sustained current injection to evaluate the input resistance changes associated with light, the action of APB, and the excitatory, inhibitory, or disafacilitory nature of the postsynaptic potentials. 5. Some intracellularly recorded cells were stained with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to verify the ganglion cell origin of the recordings. 6. The OFF-ganglion cell population of the mudpuppy appears to be a heterogeneous group of cells. Sustained OFF-ganglion cells can receive dominant inputs through either the ON- or OFF-bipolar cell pathway or through a mixture of the two. 7. Based on the analysis of this study, we divided sustained OFF-ganglion cells into three subclasses. For one class, light causes the removal of a sustained excitatory input which originates from the OFF-bipolar channel (i.e., a light-evoked disfacilitation); a second class of cells is almost entirely driven by the ON bipolar channel through a sustained light-evoked inhibitory input; and a third class receives both a light-evoked sustained disfacilitory input from the OFF bipolar channel and a sustained inhibitory input through the ON-bipolar pathway. Thus the retina appears to use a variety of mechanisms that result in a common response to flashing light stimuli. 8. The results of this study show that APB can be a powerful tool for pharmacologically deciphering the functional connections that exist between outer and inner retinal neurons. PMID- 3171661 TI - Synaptic inputs and morphology of sustained ON-ganglion cells in the mudpuppy retina. AB - 1. Sustained ON-ganglion cells from the mudpuppy retina were studied with a combined approach, including intracellular and extracellular recording from the superfused retina-eyecup preparation, pharmacology with bath-applied 2-amino-4 phosphonobutyrate (APB), and retrograde and intracellular staining using horse radish peroxidase (HRP). 2. Bath application of micromolar levels of APB selectively blocks the light response of ON-bipolar cells; APB was used to separate synaptic inputs into those which originate from ON- vs. OFF-bipolar cells. This approach clearly demonstrates that the light response of the vast majority of sustained ON-ganglion cells is primarily the result of sustained excitatory inputs that arise (directly or indirectly) from ON-bipolar cells. 3. APB revealed the presence of transient excitatory OFF-inputs in many sustained ON ganglion cells that are normally not evident. 4. Five sustained ON-ganglion cells were intracellularly stained with HRP and their morphology was analyzed with the aid of a computer-assisted neuron reconstruction system. The stained cells are anatomically similar, based on quantitative analysis of a number of morphological parameters. The dendritic trees of all five cells are primarily confined to sublamina b of the inner plexiform layer, although some cells have a small number of processes that ramify in sublamina a. These latter processes may relate to the transient excitatory OFF-inputs revealed with APB application. 5. Ganglion cells which are morphologically similar to the stained, intracellularly sustained ON ganglion cells were found in a collection of Golgi-like cells that were labeled by retrograde HRP transport. This raises the possibility that sustained ON ganglion cells in the mudpuppy may constitute a morphologically identifiable class of retinal ganglion cells in this species. There is also some suggestion that a morphologically similar class of OFF-cells may be present. PMID- 3171662 TI - Anatomical and functional segregation in the stapedius motoneuron pool of the cat. AB - 1. Electromyographic activity (EMG) is detectable in the feline stapedius muscle 6-10 ms after the onset of an intense sound presented to either ear. Stapedius reflexes evoked by ipsilateral and contralateral sound were measured electromyographically before and after brain stem lesions were made. In some cases, stapedius motor axons were cut; in others, brain stem regions containing motoneuron cell bodies were destroyed electrolytically. 2. Electrolytic lesions that contacted an anatomically separate cluster of stapedius motoneurons (the ventromedial perifacial group) greatly reduced responses to contralateral sound without noticeably affecting responses to ipsilateral sound. 3. Electrolytic lesions in other brain stem areas had different effects; one appeared to reduce responses to ipsilateral sound selectively, whereas others reduced both responses or had little effect. 4. After subsets of stapedius motor axons were cut at the facial colliculus in the floor of the fourth ventricle, responses to contralateral sound were almost eliminated, while substantial responses to ipsilateral sound remained. 5. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that inputs from the two cochleas are distributed inhomogeneously across the stapedius motoneuron pool in such a way as to produce a segregation of function, with motoneurons in one brain stem region responding preferentially (or exclusively) to contralateral sound and motoneurons in other regions responding preferentially (or exclusively) to ipsilateral sound. This topographic organization of acoustic input to the stapedius motoneuron pool produces a "central partitioning" in the acoustic stapedius reflexes similar in some respects to the partitioning observed in proprioceptive spinal reflexes. PMID- 3171663 TI - Electrophysiology of mammalian tectal neurons in vitro. I. Transient ionic conductances. AB - 1. The electrophysiologic properties and ionic conductances of neurons located in the stratum griseum medium (SGM) of the guinea pig superior colliculus (SC) were studied by intracellular techniques in an in vitro mesencephalic slice preparation. 2. Cells were stained with Lucifer yellow and demonstrated a uniform appearance. They had an ovoid soma with dendrites directed toward the dorsal surface. These dendrites crossed the stratum opticum, and their fine ramifications reached the stratum zonale. 3. SGM cells had a mean resting potential of 59.4 +/- 5.1 (SE) mV (n = 30), a mean slope input resistance of 26.6 +/- 10 M omega (n = 30), and a mean time constant of 4.13 +/- 1.3 ms (n = 27). 4. Direct depolarization of SC neurons produced tonic repetitive firing. These Na+ dependent action potentials showed spike-frequency adaptation. After addition of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and replacement of Ca2+ by Ba2+, slow, high-threshold spikes were also generated. The trains of Ba2+ spikes did not show adaptation. 5. In about half of the cells direct hyperpolarization elicited a slow return of the membrane potential to base line at the termination of the pulse (probably due to activation of an A-type conductance) and no anomalous rectification. The remaining cells did not have an A-type conductance but demonstrated anomolous rectification which was reversibly abolished by Cs+ but unaffected by Ba2+. 6. Some cells could be anti- and/or orthodromically activated by a stimulating electrode placed at the intercollicular commissure. These, and action potentials elicited by direct activation, had a shoulder on their falling phase. The shoulder disappeared after removal of external Ca2+ or addition of Cd2+ to the bath. 7. During repetitive firing in those cells that demonstrated an A-type conductance, the shoulder became progressively more accentuated during the train of spikes, due to inactivation of this A-type conductance. This resulted in an increase in spike duration. 8. The electrophysiological properties of these cells and their morphological characteristics suggest that they may serve as the element integrating visual and nonvisual information at the superior colliculus. PMID- 3171664 TI - Electrophysiology of mammalian tectal neurons in vitro. II. Long-term adaptation. AB - 1. The long-term adaptation of repetitive firing in guinea pig superior colliculus neurons was studied in a mesencephalic slice preparation using intracellular recording techniques. 2. This long-term adaptation was characterized by a decrease in the number of action potentials generated by a depolarizing pulse of constant amplitude applied at frequencies of 0.5-2 Hz. Long term adaptation appeared in all cells tested regardless of whether they showed short-term spike frequency adaptation during each pulse. 3. Long-term adaptation had a close-to-exponential time course with a time constant of 4.085 +/- 0.675 s (mean +/- SD, n = 8). This phenomenon developed more rapidly as the stimulus frequency increased and was paralleled by a progressive hyperpolarization of the membrane potential which, at the termination of the train of stimuli, remained 6 10 mV more negative than the resting value. 4. The hyperpolarization and the spike frequency adaptation recovered spontaneously in approximately 60 s. The time constant of recovery was 14.66 +/- 1.189 s (n = 4). 5. The afterhyperpolarization (AHP) was also paralleled by a decrease in the input resistance of the cells. This response and the adaptation disappeared after removal of Ca2+ or after addition of Cd2+ to the external solution. This suggests that Ca2+ entry during trains of action potentials activates a Ca2+-dependent K+ conductance with an unusually slow kinetics. 6. This conductance appears to differ from other Ca2+-dependent K+ conductances in that it was blocked by 4 aminopyridine. 7. The properties of this long-term adaptation are remarkably similar to those reported for visual habituation; thus this newly described K+ conductance may be pertinent to the understanding of this behavioral phenomenon. PMID- 3171665 TI - Hearing in the ferret (Mustela putorius): effects of primary auditory cortical lesions on thresholds for pure tone detection. AB - 1. Pure tone thresholds were determined for five adult male ferrets before and after bilateral ablation of primary auditory cortex. Complete audiograms ranging from 0.016 to 48 kHz were obtained for two animals. The remaining three animals were tested at five frequencies selected to assess hearing throughout the audible range (0.125, 0.5, 2.0, 8.0, and 32.0 kHz). 2. Shortly after surgery one animal had elevated thresholds across the entire frequency range with the most pronounced hearing loss above 12.0 kHz. Four other animals had no elevation of thresholds at low and midrange frequencies but suffered a hearing loss at very high frequencies (32 kHz). 3. Repeated testing over a period of several months revealed substantial recovery of sensitivity. There was complete recovery of sensitivity in the low- and middle-frequency range of the audiogram. Some hearing loss persisted at the extreme upper end of the audiogram (32 kHz), but in two cases there was evidence of recovery at this frequency as well. 4. Following determination of absolute thresholds all animals were assessed for their ability to localize sound in space. Minimum audible angles were obtained on midline as well as within both left and right hemifields, i.e., around 0, -60 and +60 degrees azimuth. All animals had severe and persistent deficits in their ability to localize brief sounds within the lateral fields, but were still capable of midline localization. PMID- 3171666 TI - Detecting spatiotemporal firing patterns among simultaneously recorded single neurons. AB - 1. A particular firing pattern among simultaneously observed neurons represents a particular sequence of activity. If any multineuron pattern repeats significantly more than expected by chance, we may be observing a repeated state of a neural assembly as it processes similar units of information. 2. We present here an algorithm that rapidly finds all single or multineuron patterns that repeat two or more times within a block of data, as well as equations for calculating the number of patterns of given length and repetition that would be expected. The complexity of patterns for which it is practical to compute expected numbers is three to six spikes (inclusive). 3. Confidence limits are based on these expected numbers of patterns, so that is possible to identify groups of patterns that are worthy of further analysis. 4. These methods are tested against simulated multineuron data that has various types of known nonstationarities, with good agreement between observed and expected values. 5. Application to real spike trains shows a large excess of observed repeating patterns, of which some, but not all, are shown to be due to bursts of high frequency firing. 6. It should be possible to apply the new method as a filter in real time in order to search for an association between repeated pattern events and externally observable events (stimulus, behavior, etc.). Any repeated pattern events which cannot be so associated may represent a new indicator of internal events in the nervous system. PMID- 3171667 TI - Pursuit and optokinetic deficits following chemical lesions of cortical areas MT and MST. AB - 1. Previous experiments have shown that punctate chemical lesions within the middle temporal area (MT) of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) produce deficits in the initiation and maintenance of pursuit eye movements (10, 34). The present experiments were designed to test the effect of such chemical lesions in an area within the STS to which MT projects, the medial superior temporal area (MST). 2. We injected ibotenic acid into localized regions of MST, and we observed two deficits in pursuit eye movements, a retinotopic deficit and a directional deficit. 3. The retinotopic deficit in pursuit initiation was characterized by the monkey's inability to match eye speed to target speed or to adjust the amplitude of the saccade made to acquire the target to compensate for target motion. This deficit was related to the initiation of pursuit to targets moving in any direction in the visual field contralateral to the side of the brain with the lesion. This deficit was similar to the deficit we found following damage to extrafoveal MT except that the affected area of the visual field frequently extended throughout the entire contralateral visual field tested. 4. The directional deficit in pursuit maintenance was characterized by a failure to match eye speed to target speed once the fovea had been brought near the moving target. This deficit occurred only when the target was moving toward the side of the lesion, regardless of whether the target began to move in the ipsilateral or contralateral visual field. There was no deficit in the amplitude of saccades made to acquire the target, or in the amplitude of the catch-up saccades made to compensate for the slowed pursuit. The directional deficit is similar to the one we described previously following chemical lesions of the foveal representation in the STS. 5. Retinotopic deficits resulted from any of our injections in MST. Directional deficits resulted from lesions limited to subregions within MST, particularly lesions that invaded the floor of the STS and the posterior bank of the STS just lateral to MT. Extensive damage to the densely myelinated area of the anterior bank or to the posterior parietal area on the dorsal lip of the anterior bank produced minimal directional deficits. 6. We conclude that damage to visual motion processing in MST underlies the retinotopic pursuit deficit just as it does in MT. MST appears to be a sequential step in visual motion processing that occurs before all of the visual motion information is transmitted to the brainstem areas related to pursuit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3171668 TI - Convergence of heterotopic nociceptive information onto subnucleus reticularis dorsalis neurons in the rat medulla. AB - 1. In anesthetized rats recordings were made from neurons in the medulla caudal to the obex. In the medullary dorsal horn, typical trigeminal noxious specific, nonnoxious specific, and convergent neurons were found. In nucleus cuneatus, typical dorsal column units were recorded. In subnucleus reticularis dorsalis (SRD), recordings were made from neurons which exhibited convergence of nociceptive inputs from the entire body. In subnucleus reticularis ventralis (SRV) we recorded both from neurons with spontaneous activity that were either unaffected or inhibited by noxious stimuli applied to various parts of the body and from respiratory neurons. The present paper deals particularly with the nature of the stimuli that activated reticular neurons exhibiting nociceptive convergence. 2. Neurons with nociceptive convergence could be activated by mechanical, thermal, or chemical noxious stimuli applied to widespread areas of the body. By using percutaneous electrical stimulation, we found that they responded to the activation of peripheral fibers in the A delta- and C-range. Two neuronal subpopulations were defined according to the way in which SRD neurons responded to the electrical stimuli, namely: "neurons with total nociceptive convergence" (TNC) and "neurons with partial nociceptive convergence" (PNC). 3. The great majority (84%) of TNC neurons did not exhibit spontaneous activity and none of these neurons gave responses to heterosensory (flashes, whistle sounds) or proprioceptive stimuli. Most (88%) did not respond to any kind of innocuous cutaneous stimuli. By contrast, the entire population of TNC neurons responded to noxious mechanical, thermal, and visceroperitoneal stimuli. In the majority of cases (71%) long-lasting afterdischarges were observed following cessation of the application of the nociceptive stimulus. 4. All the TNC neurons responded to suprathreshold percutaneous electrical stimulation (2-ms duration) with two peaks of activation no matter which part of the body was stimulated. By stimulating two regions of the tail, 100 mm apart, we determined that the early and late peaks of activation were triggered by activities in peripheral fibers with mean conduction velocities of 10.8 +/- 0.5 and 0.74 +/- 0.05 (SE) m/s, respectively, i.e., A delta- and C-fibers. The mean thresholds for obtaining A delta-fiber components were found in the 0.4-0.7-mA range; the mean thresholds for obtaining C-fiber components were found in the 6-7.5- and 3-4-mA range for the face and the other parts of the body, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3171669 TI - Ultrastructural characterization of gerbil olivocochlear neurons based on differential uptake of 3H-D-aspartic acid and a wheatgerm agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate from the cochlea. AB - Two populations of olivocochlear (OC) neurons have been identified in the gerbil brain stem on the basis of differential labeling patterns of 3H-D-aspartic acid (D-ASP) and wheatgerm agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (WGA/HRP) from the cochlear perilymph. While both populations are capable of uptake and retrograde uptake of WGA/HRP, one population accumulates and retrogradely transports D-ASP (D-ASP OC neurons) and the other does not (non-D-ASP OC neurons). D-ASP OC neurons are found in or near the lateral superior olive, are small in size, and receive very few synaptic contacts. The vast majority of these synapses contain small, mildly pleomorphic vesicles with scattered dense core vesicles. Synapses with distinctly larger pleomorphic vesicles have also been observed. These neurons possess all of the features common to neurons of the lateral olivocochlear system. Non-D-ASP OC neurons are found primarily in the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body, as well as in the area between the medial superior olive and the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. These neurons are larger and receive greater numbers and types of synaptic contacts than those found on D-ASP OC neurons. The 2 most common synapses found on non-D-ASP OC neurons are axosomatic ones containing small, mildly pleomorphic vesicles and scattered dense core vesicles similar to those seen on the D-ASP OC neurons, and axodendritic synapses containing large, round vesicles. Much less frequently observed are synapses containing small, round vesicles or ones containing predominantly flat vesicles. The ultrastructural features of the non-D-ASP OC neurons correspond to those described for neurons of the medial olivocochlear system. PMID- 3171670 TI - The extending astroglial process: development of glial cell shape, the growing tip, and interactions with neurons. AB - To analyze how astroglial cells attain the complex shapes that support neuronal migration and positioning in vitro (Hatten et al., 1984; Hatten 1985), early postnatal mouse cerebellar cells were plated in microcultures, and glial process outgrowth was monitored by high-resolution time-lapse video microscopy combined with immunocytochemical localization of antisera to glial filament protein (GFP), and by electron microscopy. The 2 principal astroglial forms seen in these cultures, stellate and Bergmann-like (Hatten et al., 1984), begin to develop their distinctive shapes by the outgrowth of processes in the first 8 hr after the cells are plated. Glial process extension is most vigorous in this period, resulting predominantly in stellate forms. A second population of glial cells, having fewer, longer processes reminiscent of Bergmann glia in vivo, first appears about 5 hr after plating. During the next 16-24 hr, while the stellate cells only slightly increase their process length, the bipolar cells double their length. The most striking feature of the elongating glial process is its highly motile tip, which rapidly extends microspikes and lamellopodia. Unlike the neuronal growth cone, which is the expanded terminal of a thin neurite shaft, the glial growing tip forms the end of a wide, paddle-like process that is filled with motile mitochondria and masses of glial filaments, and is bordered by an undulating lamella fringed by microspikes. Soon after the emergence of glial processes, cell-cell interactions between the growing glial process tip and granule neurons occur. Within minutes of an initial encounter between the glial process and the neuron, contact relationships that are stable during the observation period form between the cells. Subsequently, many neurons extend a small neurite onto the glial process, and astroglial process extension continues by the movement of the glial growing tip out beyond the neuron. Thus, cerebellar astroglia in vitro develop complex shapes in the same fashion as do neurons: the outgrowth of processes tipped by a motile ending. The growing tips of astroglial processes interact with neurons, resulting in the stable association of neurons and glia. PMID- 3171671 TI - Disconnection of the amygdala from visual association cortex impairs visual reward-association learning in monkeys. AB - Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were trained in a task that assessed their ability to associate visual stimuli with food reward. Acquisition of stimulus-reward associations was measured under 2 conditions, a 2-stimuli acquisition condition and a 1-stimulus acquisition condition. On each trial in the 2-stimuli condition, the positive (correct) and negative (incorrect) stimuli were presented side by side and the animal chose one by touching it; if the choice was correct, a food reward was dispensed. On each trial in the 1-stimulus condition, either the positive or the negative stimulus was presented alone; if the stimulus was the positive, it was followed by reward delivery, regardless of the animal's response to it, and if it was the negative, it was not followed by reward delivery. Thus, reward delivery was contingent upon the animal's response to the stimuli in the 2-stimuli condition but not in the 1-stimulus condition. The effect of acquisition trials under these 2 conditions was measured, in both conditions, by the animal's subsequent choice when presented with the 2 stimuli side by side. Following preoperative training in this task, the animals were first subjected to unilateral ablation of the inferotemporal cortex. This operation had little effect on the animals' learning ability. Then, the amygdala was ablated in the hemisphere contralateral to that in which the unilateral inferotemporal ablation had been carried out. This combination of crossed unilateral lesions of the amygdala and of the inferotemporal cortex, which disconnects the amygdala from the output of visual association cortex, produced a profound impairment in stimulus-reward-associative learning.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171673 TI - Compartmentalization of anterogradely and retrogradely transported organelles in axons and growth cones from chick optic tectum. AB - Previous work suggests that organelles contacting microtubules in axons are in fast transport. Here, we examine the distribution of organelles contacting microtubules in growing axons and growth cones from chick optic tectum. Five axon segments, each 10 microns long, and 4 entire growth cones were reconstructed from serial electron micrographs of quick-frozen, freeze-substituted chick optic tectum. Organelles contacting microtubules in axons are evenly distributed along all microtubules. Smaller organelles, presumably in anterograde transport, are enclosed in fascicles of microtubules, while larger organelles in retrograde transport lie outside the fascicles. In contrast, organelles contacting microtubules are prevalent only in the most proximal parts of the growth cone, before the microtubule fascicles splay out more distally. The distance between noncontacting organelles and microtubules also becomes progressively greater, reaching a maximum in the mid- and more distal region of the growth cone. Contacts with microtubules of both the smaller, presumably anterogradely transported organelles, as well as the larger, presumably retrogradely transported organelles, abruptly become less frequent in the proximal midregion of the growth cone. It is therefore of possible significance in stopping and starting microtubule-based organelle transport that microtubules change from a straight to an undulating configuration in the midregion of the growth cone. The decrease in organelle binding to microtubules at the demarcations between the straight and undulating microtubule segments may depend on proteins or other local factors as well as the splaying out of the microtubule bundles. PMID- 3171672 TI - Micropruning: the mechanism of turning of Aplysia growth cones at substrate borders in vitro. AB - Growth cones of Aplysia californica neurons were observed with video-enhanced contrast-differential interference contrast (VEC-DIC) microscopy as they turned at a border between poly-L-lysine-treated and untreated glass. Growth cones that turned generally developed 2 distinct active areas of filopodial and veil formation, much in the way of growth cones undergoing branching. Both active areas advanced, but turning of the neurite occurred through the selective resorption of the incipient branches developing on the untreated substrate. Thus, micropruning of developing regions of the growth cone, rather than the asymmetric extension of filopodia or veils, was primarily responsible for directing neurite growth. We present the hypothesis that abrupt turns by growing neurites are mediated by 2 sets of signals, one causing growth cone splitting, and a second set regulating the survival of the separate branches. PMID- 3171674 TI - Inward rectification in response to FMRFamide in Aplysia neuron L2: summation with transient K current. AB - The response of Aplysia abdominal ganglion neuron L2 to the molluscan neuroactive peptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) was studied in voltage-clamp experiments. In all of the experiments, focal application of the peptide to the soma activated an inward rectifier current and reduced the apparent amplitude of the transient K current, IA. In a few cells, Na and K currents were activated in addition to these effects. Voltage-jump experiments were performed to study the ionic dependence, kinetics, and voltage dependence of the inward rectifier. Inward rectification increased exponentially during hyperpolarizing pulses and recovered exponentially on return to the resting potential. The reversal potential was variable, but was near -40 mV at the beginning of experiments. Inward rectification was insensitive to changes in external Na, Ca, or K concentration, but lowering the external Cl concentration had complicated effects on current amplitude. When KCl microelectrodes were used, perfusion with low-Cl external saline increased the amplitude of the peptide-dependent inward rectifier and shifted its reversal potential to a more positive voltage. With KAc microelectrodes, perfusion with low-Cl saline reduced the amplitude of the current. Inward rectification increased when a KAc microelectrode was withdrawn and replaced with a low-resistance KCl electrode, even when there was no measurable change in reversal potential. These results suggest that the FMRFamide dependent inward rectifier is a Cl current that, like the current described by Chesnoy-Marchais (1982, 1983), is modulated by intracellular Cl. FMRFamide reduced the apparent amplitude of IA without affecting the voltage dependence of IA activation or inactivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171676 TI - Organization of adult motor cortex representation patterns following neonatal forelimb nerve injury in rats. AB - Somatotopic representation patterns in the motor cortex (MI) of rats that had a unilateral forelimb amputation on the first postnatal day were examined after 2-4 months of survival. Intracortical electrical stimulation and recording techniques were used to map the somatic representation in MI and in the somatic sensory cortex (SI). In normal rats, vibrissa, forelimb, and hindlimb areas comprise the bulk of the MI representation. Stimulation within the forelimb area elicits elbow, wrist, or digit movements at the lowest current intensities. The proximal limb representation appears to be contained within the distal forelimb area, since shoulder movements are nearly always evoked by stimulating at higher current intensities at some distal forelimb sites. In agreement with previous studies, the distal forelimb representation overlapped the adjacent part of the granular SI cortex. Following removal of the forelimb at birth, 3 novel features of MI organization were observed. First, the areas from which stimulation evoked movements of the vibrissa or the shoulder musculature were larger than normal. Stimulation thresholds were lower than those required for comparable movements in normal rats throughout these areas, suggesting that nerve section had not simply unmasked a high-threshold representation. Second, vibrissa movements were more commonly paired with movements of the proximal forelimb muscles at the same site. Third, stimulation in the adjacent granular SI cortex failed to evoke shoulder or trunk movements, although receptive-field mapping in this region showed that cells were responsive to cutaneous stimulation of the trunk and shoulder region. These results indicate that several organizational features develop differently in MI following perinatal nerve injury: certain remaining muscle groups have enlarged cortical representations, there is a strengthening of some normally weak connections from MI to the proximal musculature, and muscles are grouped in unusual combinations. These data demonstrate that the formation of MI representation patterns is strongly influenced by nerve injury during the perinatal period. PMID- 3171675 TI - Capsaicin-induced ion fluxes in dorsal root ganglion cells in culture. AB - Capsaicin is a pungent pain-producing compound found in plants of the capsicum family; it exerts excitatory, desensitizing, and toxic effects on a subset of sensory neurons, including the polymodal nociceptor population. We have carried out a quantitative study of capsaicin-induced fluxes of sodium, guanidine, calcium, rubidium, and chloride ions in cultures of neonatal and adult rat DRG neurons, in conjunction with the use of a histochemical stain that identifies capsaicin-sensitive neurons by means of cobalt uptake. Those cells that take up cobalt in a capsaicin-dependent manner (EC50 = 0.2 microM) represent about 50% of the total neuronal population derived from neonatal DRGs on short-term culture. Overnight treatment of cultures with 2 microM capsaicin leads to the loss of the cobalt-staining subpopulation. The capsaicin-insensitive neurons contain immunoreactive neurofilament epitopes that are present in fewer than 10% of capsaicin-sensitive neurons. This observation provides indirect evidence that the sensitive cells correspond to the small, dark B-type neurons, which are negative for neurofilament immunoreactivity in vivo. A capsaicin-dependent calcium uptake (EC50 = 0.2 microM), as measured by 45Ca incorporation, is shown by a DRG neuronal subpopulation that, like the cobalt-staining population of DRG neurons, is lost after overnight capsaicin treatment (2 microM). Capsaicin application leads to the accumulation of millimolar levels of calcium within a few minutes. Cadmium and other divalent cations block capsaicin-induced calcium uptake, but little or no inhibition is seen with organic calcium channel antagonists. Mitochondria, rather than the endoplasmic reticulum, are the probable destination of the internalized calcium, because ruthenium red inhibits calcium uptake (IC50 = 0.05 microM), whereas methylxanthines are inactive. The subset of sensory neurons that takes up calcium also releases 86Rb when exposed to capsaicin (EC50 = 0.06 microM). No efflux of 36Cl ions could be induced by capsaicin. These cells also show a capsaicin-induced uptake of 22Na or 14C guanidine (EC50 = 0.06 microM). In contrast, chick DRG cells in culture showed no capsaicin-induced calcium or cobalt uptake. Primary cultures of rat superior cervical ganglion neurons and Schwann cells, and a number of neuronal cell lines, also failed to respond to capsaicin, as judged by the calcium, cobalt, or guanidine uptake assays. PMID- 3171677 TI - Functional role of corticoperipheral loop circuits during voluntary movements in the monkey: a preferential bias theory. AB - The functional role of the sensory input to the motor cortex in the execution of voluntary movements is still controversial. We have proposed that the input functions by changing the excitability of cortical efferent columns before and during movements (Asanuma and Arissian, 1984). Experiments were performed to support this hypothesis. Monkeys were trained to sit still in a chair and to pick up a food pellet from a food board rotating at a high speed, so that the subjects had to concentrate their efforts to pick up the pellet. Microelectrode recordings were made from pre- and post-central cortical neurons related to hand movement during the pickup task. It was found that neurons in the motor (10%) and in the sensory (5%) cortices started discharging far ahead of actual movement of the hand. EMGs in the target muscles, which were identified by microstimulation at the recording sites, revealed that some muscles changed their tone during these premovement discharges, although there were no visible movements of the hand. Section of the dorsal columns abolished the premovement discharges and also produced retardation of motor skills. The results supported the hypothesis that circulation of impulses between the cortical efferent columns and the periphery before the movement plays an important role in the execution of skilled movements. PMID- 3171678 TI - Neuronal proteoglycans: biosynthesis and functional interaction with neurons in vitro. AB - Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) with electrophoretic mobilities on cellulose acetate similar to heparin (H), heparan sulfate (HS), and chondroitin sulfate (CS) were detected in cell extracts and in conditioned medium of high-density, neuron enriched cultures labeled with 35SO4. Heparitinase digestion revealed that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) were heterogeneous in charge density and were responsible for neurite outgrowth activity for sensory neurons in conditioned medium. In the presence of beta-D-xyloside, an inhibitor of proteoglycan assembly, there was an increase of released GAGs with the mobility of CS and heavily sulfated HS but a decrease in neurite outgrowth activity on a laminin substrate at times greater than 14 hr. In the presence of beta-D-xyloside or the monoclonal antibody HNK-1 (Leu 7), which recognizes a neuronal cell surface epitope, there was a time-dependent inhibition of process formation that was half-maximal at 7-8 hr and independent of laminin concentration or cell adhesion to the laminin substrate. The kinetics and magnitude of the inhibitory effects of beta-D-xyloside and HNK-1 (Leu 7) were similar, and the influence of HNK-1 (Leu 7) could no longer be observed in the presence of beta-D-xyloside. Pretreatment of the laminin substrate with conditioned medium from high-density neuron cultures resulted in an increased rate of neurite formation compared with untreated laminin. Where the laminin substrate had been pretreated with conditioned medium, maximal inhibition by HNK-1 (Leu 7) was apparent from the earliest times. However, if the conditioned medium had been digested with heparitinase, neither enhanced neurite outgrowth nor the inhibitory influence of HNK-1 (Leu 7) were observed. The present biosynthetic and functional studies suggest that neurons are one source of HSPGs. These data complement and extend earlier studies suggesting a role for HSPGs in neurite formation. The experiments also provide evidence for modulation of laminin by HSPGs which interact with laminin and promote neurite outgrowth that is mediated by a cell surface receptor at or in juxtaposition to the HNK-1 (Leu 7) epitope. PMID- 3171679 TI - Embryonic assembly of a complex muscle is directed by a single identified cell in the medicinal leech. AB - The present study examines the morphological development of a highly organized muscle layer in the leech Hirudo medicinalis, in an effort to characterize those factors that are important in directing its assembly. The tubular body wall of the leech contains 3 major muscle layers that are anatomically distinct: an inner layer of longitudinal muscle, an outer layer of circular muscle, and a grid of oblique muscle sandwiched between them. The oblique muscle layer appears later in development than the other 2 and is preceded by several days by the development of a single, complex cell (here called the comb, or C-cell) whose shape strongly resembles the organization of the oblique muscle grid. There is a bilateral, mirror-image pair of C-cells in each segment. The C-cell has a central, longitudinally oriented soma and projects about 35 fine, parallel processes both medially and laterally at approximately 45 degrees to the long axis. Using a combination of intracellular and antibody labels, it was found that individual muscle cells align themselves with these processes to form correctly oriented fascicles during development. Photoablation of the C-cell at early stages resulted in the complete absence of all oblique muscle fascicles that would have corresponded to that cell; therefore, this discrete muscle-associated cell is considered to be an identified "muscle organizer." Such cellular organizers may direct muscular and neuromuscular assembly in many species. PMID- 3171680 TI - Spontaneous and harmaline-stimulated Purkinje cell activity in rats with a genetic movement disorder. AB - The genetically dystonic rat (dt) displays a complex movement disorder in the absence of morphological defects in the nervous system. This mutant is also insensitive to the tremorogenic effects of harmaline. Because harmaline is known to act on the cells of the inferior olive to induce activity at the tremor frequency in the olivocerebellobulbar pathway, this pathway has been investigated as a possible site of a defect in the dt rat. Biochemical studies suggested the presence of abnormalities at the level of the Purkinje cell or its afferent input. Thus, the present study investigated the harmaline response of Purkinje cells in dt rats and unaffected littermate controls with extracellular single unit recording techniques. The spontaneous, simple spike and complex spike firing rates of dt rats were significantly lower than those of normal littermate controls. In normal rats, 2 responses to systemic harmaline injection were seen. Simple spikes were either completely suppressed for periods of 30-180 min, or were intermittently suppressed, pausing repeatedly for periods of 1-18 sec. Cells that showed complete suppression of simple spike activity also showed increased frequency and rhythmicity of complex spikes. In dt rats, intermittent simple spike responses were seen in a proportion (41%) similar to that in normal rats (53%). However, the proportion of cells showing high-frequency, rhythmic, complex spikes and complete suppression of simple spikes was low in the dt rats in comparison with littermate controls (18 versus 47%). In addition, 41% of the cells from dt rats displayed no change, or an anomalous change, in firing patterns in response to harmaline. Since the rhythmic activation of olivary neurons that results in the rhythmic, complex spike discharge of Purkinje cells is assumed to be responsible for the appearance of harmaline tremor, the failure of the dt rat to display tremor is most likely due to a failure at the olivocerebellar level, rather than at a site efferent to the cerebellum. PMID- 3171681 TI - Characterization of bovine and human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Neuronal acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), which bind nicotine with high affinity but do not bind alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha Bgt), have recently been immunoaffinity purified from chicken (Whiting and Lindstrom, 1986a) and rat (Whiting and Lindstrom, 1987a) brain using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Here we report the characterization of nicotinic AChRs of bovine and human brain using as probes mAbs prepared to AChRs from rat brain. Both the human and bovine brain AChRs exhibit high affinity for L-nicotine (Ki = 16 nM for bovine AChR and Ki = 6.5 nM for human AChR) and other cholinergic agonists, relatively lower affinity for cholinergic antagonists, and do not bind alpha Bgt. These AChRs are affinity labeled with bromoacetylcholine and 4-(N-maleimido)benzyltrimethylammonium iodide (MBTA) after reduction with dithiothreitol, indicating that amino acid residues homologous to cysteines 192 and 193 of alpha subunits of Torpedo electric organ AChRs are conserved. Immunoaffinity-purified bovine brain AChR consists of 2 types of subunit, Mr 50,600 and Mr 74,400. The Mr 74,400 subunit was affinity labeled with 3H-MBTA, indicating that it contains the ACh binding site. Thus, mAbs have proven to be excellent probes for these proteins, and have been used to show that neuronal nicotinic AChRs of chickens, rats, and cattle are macromolecules approximately 10 S in size and composed of only 2 kinds of subunits: an ACh-binding subunit and a structural subunit. PMID- 3171682 TI - Serotonergic and serotonin-accumulating neurons in the goldfish retina. AB - Autoradiography of goldfish retinas incubated in micromolar levels of 3H serotonin displayed 3 kinds of labeled somas in the inner nuclear layer: S1 amacrine cells with heavy labeling, large somas, and a sparse distribution (approximately 93/mm2); S2 amacrine cells with moderate labeling, smaller somas, and a denser distribution (approximately 500/mm2); and a subset of bipolar cells with light labeling, small somas, and a very dense distribution (approximately 4000/mm2). Serotonin-like immunoreactivity was observed only in S1 amacrine cells and their synaptic terminals. Radiolabeled terminals in the inner plexiform layer formed 4 strata that were differentially assigned to the 3 cell types. S1 amacrine cells arborized in sublayers 1 and 5, received inputs from type a1 bipolar cells and amacrine cells, and made synapses on other amacrine cells, type a1 bipolar cells and unidentified processes. Thus, S1 amacrine cells seem to receive significant input from "off-center" pathways. S2 amacrine cells arborized in sublayer 3 and made synapses onto amacrine cells. Labeled bipolar cell terminals were exclusively located in sublayer 2 and were identified as type a2 mixed rod-cone bipolar cells. We conclude that the S1 amacrine cell is truly serotonergic and that radiolabeling of S2 amacrine cells and type a2 bipolar cells is due to cross-specificity for another carrier or processes unrelated to their neurochemical identities. These observations partially reconcile many previous observations on the types, numbers, and synaptologies of teleost retinal neurons identified by different markers for indoleaminergic transmission. PMID- 3171683 TI - The location of cues promoting selective reinnervation of axolotl muscles. AB - The selective reinnervation of muscles suggests that muscles have intrinsic recognition cues that promote selective synaptogenesis. For example, the anterior and posterior heads of the axolotl iliotibialis (ILT) muscle are preferentially reinnervated by their original motoneurons even after surgically exchanging them. The nature and location of cues that promote such selectivity are unknown, although previous work suggests that the muscle fibers themselves might harbor the relevant molecules. To address this question, we removed anterior and posterior ILT muscles, destroyed their myofibers by surgically damaging them and treating them with bupivacaine, and reimplanted them in either a normal or a reversed anterior/posterior orientation. After the regenerated myofibers became innervated, we stimulated different spinal nerves and recorded the synaptic potentials evoked in muscle fibers. Our results showed that if the muscles were removed, damaged, and reimplanted in their original positions, the segmental origin of inputs to the regenerated myofibers was similar to that seen in normal muscles and in muscles reimplanted with their myofibers intact. However, muscles that were removed and damaged but regenerated in new positions were innervated differently from normal muscles and from muscles whose myofibers survived transplantation. Thus, the site at which a muscle regenerates has an influence on the source of the muscle's reinnervation. Nevertheless, the innervation of muscles that regenerated after transplantation to a foreign site was not strictly appropriate for the new position, but was biased towards the muscle's original innervation pattern. Therefore, some, but not all, of the cues that reflect the original identity of the transplanted muscles survive the replacement of its myofibers. PMID- 3171684 TI - FMRFamide peptides in Helisoma: identification and physiological actions at a peripheral synapse. AB - Previous reports have demonstrated powerful neuromodulatory actions of the molluscan tetrapeptide FMRFamide in both the central and peripheral nervous systems of the freshwater snail Helisoma. The present study was designed to examine both the nature of the FMRFamide-like peptides in Helisoma and to define their physiological actions at a peripheral synapse. We report that, as determined by HPLC/RIA and mass spectrometry, Helisoma contains both FMRFamide and 2 of its analogs, FLRFamide and GDPFLRFamide. Whereas whole animals contain about 100 pmol/gm of these peptides, they were enriched in the nervous system (3000 pmol/gm) and in a peripheral target organ, the salivary glands (500 pmol/gm). For histochemical and physiological studies we examined the salivary glands, which are known to be innervated by neuron 4 of the buccal ganglion. We confirmed the presence of FMRFamide-like fibers on the salivary gland by immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal antiserum. These fibers appear to be largely derived from somata located in the central ring ganglia. For physiological tests we examined the neuron 4-gland synapse, at which presynaptic action potentials normally evoke a suprathreshold EPSP in gland cells. Bath application of FMRFamide, FLRFamide, or GDPFLRFamide at micromolar concentration to a buccal ganglia/salivary gland preparation completely suppressed spontaneous rhythmic activity. The sites of action of these peptides were examined by iontophoretic application of FMRFamide to neuron 4 or the salivary gland. Application of the peptide to the soma of neuron 4 caused a hyperpolarization that suppressed spontaneously generated action potentials. When applied to the salivary gland, FMRFamide caused a hyperpolarization that reduced the EPSPs evoked by neuron 4 to below spike threshold. The latter observation implies a postsynaptic locus of action for FMRFamide, and this possibility was tested by direct depolarization of the gland with iontophoresis of ACh (the putative transmitter of neuron 4). Such depolarizations were also reduced by FMRFamide. We conclude that Helisoma contains FMRFamide and 2 of its analogs, these peptides being enriched in the nervous system and salivary glands. Furthermore, these peptides can suppress activation of the salivary glands by actions both directly on gland cells and on the effector neuron. PMID- 3171685 TI - Purification and characterization of an antigen that is spatially segregated in the primary olfactory projection. AB - The monoclonal antibody RB-8 heavily labels axons from the ventrolateral olfactory epithelium and their terminals in the glomeruli of the ventrolateral olfactory bulb, but leaves the axons from the dorsomedial epithelium unstained or lightly stained. RB-8 reacts with a 125 kDa membrane protein in both olfactory nerve and other parts of the CNS (Schwob and Gottlieb, 1986). Here we report further characterization of the molecular nature and cellular localization of the RB-8 antigen. The RB-8 antigen is exposed on the surface of olfactory axons. Individual axons and axon bundles stain when explant cultures of the fetal olfactory epithelium are incubated with monoclonal RB-8 antibody while living. The cell membrane is demonstrably intact, and access to the cell interior is blocked under these conditions, since the living axons do not stain if exposed to an antibody against a known intracellular constituent. The RB-8 antigen is an integral membrane protein. When assayed by direct radioimmunoassay (RIA), the antigen remains associated with brain membranes after extraction at pH 11, which solubilizes numerous other protein bands. The 125 kDa RB-8 antigen was purified to homogeneity from whole rat brains by extracting membranes with sodium deoxycholate, immunoaffinity chromatography over an RB-8 antibody column, and preparative one-dimensional SDS-PAGE. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence is apparently unique among neuron-specific proteins that have been sequenced and has only an insignificant degree of homology with other known proteins. Two polyclonal rabbit antisera raised against the purified antigen recognize only the 125 kDa protein on immunoblots. Immunohistochemical staining of the primary olfactory projection with the antisera exactly matches that seen with monoclonal RB-8 antibody. Thus, the RB-8 antigens in brain and in olfactory nerve are highly homologous, if not identical. Furthermore, the results with the antisera suggest that the expression of the entire 125 kDa protein is regulated differentially between ventral and dorsal zones of the olfactory epithelium. The additional characterization of the RB-8 antigen reported here places constraints on the potential functions of this protein. The availability of polyclonal antisera may prove useful in assessing the role of this spatially segregated antigen in the primary olfactory projection. PMID- 3171686 TI - Voltage- and ligand-activated inwardly rectifying currents in dorsal raphe neurons in vitro. AB - Intracellular recordings were made from neurons in rat dorsal raphe in the slice preparation maintained at 37 degrees C. The single-electrode voltage-clamp method was used to measure membrane currents at potentials more negative than rest (-60 mV). Three types of inward rectification were observed: 2 in the absence of any drugs and the third induced by 5-HT 1 and GABA-B receptor agonists. In the absence of any drugs, an inward current activated over 1-2 sec when the membrane potential was stepped to potentials more negative than -70 mV. This current was blocked by cesium (2 mM) and resembles IQ or IH. A second inward current (IIR) occurred at membrane potentials near the potassium equilibrium potential (EK). This inward current activated within the settling time of the clamp and was abolished by both barium (10-100 microM) and cesium (2 mM). 5-HT 1 agonists activated a potassium conductance that hyperpolarized the cells at rest. This potassium conductance was about 2 nS at -60 mV and increased linearly with membrane hyperpolarization to about 4 nS at -120 mV. Baclofen activated a potassium conductance identical in amplitude and voltage dependence to that induced by 5-HT 1 agonists. Both the baclofen- and 5-HT-induced currents were nearly abolished in animals pretreated with pertussis toxin. The results indicate that a common potassium conductance is increased by 5-HT acting on 5-HT 1 receptors and baclofen acting on GABA-B receptors. This potassium conductance rectifies inwardly and is distinct from the Q-current. The ligand-activated potassium conductance also differs from the other form of inward rectification (IIR) in its voltage dependence and sensitivity to pertussis toxin. PMID- 3171687 TI - Fast axonal transport of modulatory neuropeptides from central ganglia to components of the feeding system in Aplysia. AB - The transport of neuropeptides from central ganglia to components of the feeding system was studied in Aplysia. Peptide transport was determined by incubating buccal or cerebral ganglia with 35S-methionine and measuring the appearance of labeled peptides by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of extracts of target tissues. Selected nerves were left intact and passed through a Vaseline diffusion barrier separating the ganglia and their targets. Five major labeled peptides were observed to be transported from the buccal ganglia to feeding muscles. They were buccalin, FMRFamide, myomodulin, and 2 small cardioactive peptides. Each of these peptides has been shown to modulate the responses of these muscles to their motor neurons. The peptides were transported by fast axonal transport, as judged by the distance transported and the sensitivity to colchicine. When normalized to correct for differences in total incorporation, the patterns of peptide transport were reproducible between animals. The nature and amount of the peptides transported were different for different muscles. The nature of peptide transport also varied for different nerve groups. These results support the proposition that these 5 peptides act as modulatory transmitters at feeding muscles. No transport of neuropeptides from the cerebral ganglia to feeding muscles was observed, although myomodulin was specifically transported to the buccal ganglia. This suggests that this peptide may play an important role in the previously observed regulation of buccal ganglia activity by neurons in the cerebral ganglia. PMID- 3171688 TI - Axonal regulation of myelin protein mRNA levels in actively myelinating Schwann cells. AB - Upon transection of a peripheral nerve, axons distal to the transection degenerate. As a consequence of this axonal degeneration, myelin-forming Schwann cells cease biosynthesis of new myelin membrane, contribute to phagocytosis of previously formed myelin, and markedly down-regulate expression of myelin specific markers. Among the most prominent of these down-regulated markers are the major structural proteins of peripheral myelin, Po and myelin basic protein (MBP). We have used slot blot and in situ hybridization techniques to demonstrate that for actively myelinating Schwann cells, down-regulation of the Po and MBP genes occurs primarily at the level of mRNA expression. Together with other recent data, these findings strongly argue for axonal modulation of Po and MBP gene transcription during active myelination. PMID- 3171689 TI - An electron microscopic study on the epithelial attachment of golden hamster molars. PMID- 3171690 TI - Structure of Sorex (Insectivora) enamel. PMID- 3171691 TI - The hinged attachment of teeth in the black bass, Micropterus salmoides. PMID- 3171692 TI - System for detecting central ray in dental radiography using a magnetic sensor. PMID- 3171693 TI - Self-curing acrylic in the treatment of unstable zygomatic arch fracture. PMID- 3171694 TI - Scintigraphic localization of ovarian dysfunction. AB - To assess the potential role of scintigraphy in the evaluation of clinically and biochemically suspect ovarian hyperandrogenism (HA), dexamethasone suppression 131I-6 beta-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol (NP-59) scans were performed to characterize ovarian function in nine patients. Pelvic ultrasound and/or computed tomography (CT) identified anatomic abnormalities in the adnexal region in six women in whom there was discernible pelvic accumulation(s) of NP-59. In the remaining three patients testosterone levels were normal or only slightly elevated and the NP-59 scan did not demonstrate abnormal adrenal or pelvic uptake. CT and/or ultrasound studies failed to demonstrate an abnormality in the pelvis suggesting excessive peripheral conversion or abnormal end organ sensitivity of androgen precursors as potential etiologies of their HA. In three women with androgen secreting lipoid tumors of the ovary, unilateral, pelvic NP 59 activity was noted; these tumors were subsequently resected. Two women with bilateral pelvic NP-59 uptake were later shown to have hyperthecosis with markedly asymmetric and enlarged ovaries. In one woman the extent of asymmetric NP-59 uptake was anticipated by the asymmetry of ovarian vein androgen levels at selective venous catheterization. In another woman with markedly asymmetric polycystic ovary disease, intense focal uptake of NP-59 localized to the side of the anatomically abnormal, enlarged ovary. Thus, our preliminary study reviews our experience to date and suggests that NP-59 scintigraphy may be used to localize both tumorous and nontumorous ovarian dysfunction in states of HA and virilization. PMID- 3171695 TI - Combined bone scintigraphy and indium-111 leukocyte scans in neuropathic foot disease. AB - It is difficult to diagnose osteomyelitis in the presence of neurotrophic osteoarthropathy. We performed combined [99mTc]MDP bone scans and indium-111 (111In) leukocyte studies on 35 patients who had radiographic evidence of neuropathic foot disease and clinically suspected osteomyelitis. The [111In]leukocyte study determined if there was an infection and the bone scan provided the anatomic landmarks so that the infection could be localized to the bone or the adjacent soft tissue. Seventeen patients had osteomyelitis and all showed increased [111In]leukocyte activity localized to the bone, giving a sensitivity of 100%. Among the 18 patients without osteomyelitis, eight had no accumulation of [111In]leukocytes, seven had the [111In]leukocyte activity correctly localized to the soft tissue, two had [111In]leukocyte activity mistakenly attributed to the bone, and one had [111In]leukocyte accumulation in a proven neuroma which was mistakenly attributed to bone. These three false positive results for osteomyelitis reduced the specificity to 83%. Considering only the 27 patients with a positive [111In]leukocyte study, the combined bone scan and [111In]leukocyte study correctly localized the infection to the soft tissues or bone in 89%. Uninfected neurotrophic osteoarthropathy does not accumulate [111In]leukocytes. We found the combined bone scan and [111In] leukocyte study useful for the detection and localization of infection to soft tissue or bone in patients with neuropathic foot disease. PMID- 3171696 TI - Variability of serum drug level following a single oral dose of dipyridamole. AB - Serum dipyridamole levels were measured in 27 patients undergoing planar thallium 201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy after receiving a 300 mg oral dose. Mean serum dipyridamole level was 2.9 +/- 1.6 mcg/ml (range 0.2-5.7). No correlation was found between serum level and symptoms, heart rate or blood pressure response, peak heart to lung thallium activity ratio, peak heart to liver thallium activity ratio, or peak myocardial thallium washout. Serum level following a single oral dose of dipyridamole is unpredictable and patients with low drug levels cannot be easily identified at the time of study. PMID- 3171697 TI - Distribution of radiolabeled human and mouse monoclonal IgM antibodies in murine models. AB - The distribution and kinetics of six human and one murine monoclonal IgM antibodies (MoAb) were studied in BALB/c mice. Labeling was with 111In, 75Se, and 125I. The monomers and pentamers of certain MoAbs were studied. Human distribution studies were also performed. The serum containing [111In]MoAb was obtained from one of the patients 24 hr after administration and injected into mice which were then killed and assayed for 111In distribution. In general, the [75Se] and [111In]MoAbs had distribution and kinetic patterns that were similar while the 125I-labeled MoAbs dehalogenated after 4 hr. Monomers and pentamers had highly similar distributions suggesting that the distribution of IgMs may be based on factors other than molecular size. The murine IgM showed a somewhat different distribution in mice than did human IgMs. Serum from the patient containing [111In]MoAb had a distribution in mice similar to that of the patient with high liver and gastrointestinal uptake. The human imaging indicates that it is possible to target tumor with human IgM MoAbs, but significant problems remain in regard to their clinical use. PMID- 3171698 TI - Redistribution of visceral blood volume in upright exercise in healthy volunteers. AB - Exercise induced changes in the blood volume of visceral organs (cardiopulmonary and liver, spleen, and kidneys) were determined by scintillation camera imaging of the distribution of technetium-99m-labeled red blood cells in the thorax and abdomen of ten healthy adult volunteers. Graded upright bicycle exercise was performed to the point of exhaustion with the volunteer positioned with his/her back to the scintillation camera and data recording was synchronized to the pedal cycle to minimize patient motion artifacts within the data. The first image from each level of exercise was analyzed by placing regions of interest over the spleen, liver, kidneys, and right lung. The counts in each organ were expressed as a percent of activity at zero workload. Analysis of data using Hotelling's t squared analysis to see if overall differences existed between the last four measurements (up to the time of exhaustion) regarding percent change from baseline for spleen, kidney, liver, and right lung were made. The splanchnic bed had a significant decrease in blood volume. The spleen decreased 39%, while the liver decreased 14%. For the kidney and liver, no significant differences were achieved (p greater than 0.24, p less than 0.15, respectively). The lung increased its blood volume to 128% of control, significant with p less than 0.02. This data demonstrates that in healthy volunteers there is normal redistribution of blood volume during maximal exercise with a significant reduction in blood volume of the spleen as well as a significant rise in blood volume within the lungs. PMID- 3171700 TI - Thallium-201 imaging in a patient with mid-ventricular hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. AB - Findings specific to mid-ventricular hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy were obtained in a patient by means of 201Tl planar myocardial scintigraphy. Namely, a myocardial band-like image dividing the left ventricle into two chambers was clearly shown. This was identified as hypertrophic muscle with sphincter-like muscular stenosis at the mid portion of the left ventricle. PMID- 3171699 TI - Thyroid uptake of iodine-131 and iodine-133 from Chernobyl in the population of southern Sweden. AB - The accident at the nuclear power plant of Chernobyl on April 26, 1986 led to radioactive contamination of many countries including Sweden. The population was exposed to released radionuclides, both by inhalation and from contaminated food. We have studied the content of gamma-emitting radioisotopes in the thyroid glands of a normal population from southern Sweden using measurements of samples taken at autopsy. The first samples are from a person who died on April 27, 1986. This report contains results for 131I and 133I. The time-activity curve for 131I shows an immediate uptake with a maximum 18-26 days after the accident. No measurable levels were observed after 93 days. We have found that the increase in dose equivalent to the thyroid for the population of southern Sweden due to the released 131I and 133I will be less than 0.1 mSv. This may lead to an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer of 0.1% during a period of 25 yr. PMID- 3171701 TI - True measurement of the angle in a slant hole collimator. PMID- 3171702 TI - Reproducibility of Hepatic Perfusion Index. PMID- 3171703 TI - Comparison of bone density measurements from different skeletal sites. PMID- 3171704 TI - Comparison of intraerythrocyte and intraleucocyte sodium content and erythrocyte fragility in normotensive subjects. PMID- 3171705 TI - Heparin-induced platelet factor 4 release by serial heparin injections. PMID- 3171706 TI - Diagnosis of aortic dissection by color-coded Doppler. PMID- 3171707 TI - Purification of PGE2 in the urine of cirrhotic patients: comparison of three chromatographic techniques. PMID- 3171708 TI - Thyroid function in the early stage and during the course of subacute thyroiditis. PMID- 3171709 TI - Nursing leadership. The effects of organizational structure. AB - Two seemingly unrelated events--decentralization of the nursing organization and promotion of nurse executives into patient care services vice presidencies with authority over many departments--prompt the authors to ask the question, "Who is leading the nursing department?" The authors discuss the impact of these trends on the nursing organization and make suggestions for ensuring strong nursing leadership. PMID- 3171710 TI - Writing a winning business plan. AB - Nurse executives are key contributors to business decisions in today's cost conscious health care arena. To make sound decisions about initiating new services or expanding existing programs, nurse executives must know how to plan and produce sophisticated business plans that win support and speak successfully for nursing. PMID- 3171711 TI - When the patient requires observation not hospitalization. AB - Developing alternative health care delivery systems that successfully meet the needs of multiple consumers in a cost-efficient manner is essential. Minor revisions of long-standing programs are frequently inadequate in the face of escalating demands for a more efficient health care system. The SSU Observation Area has met the primary objectives by providing a quality, cost-efficient alternative to the use of existing inpatient and emergency department services. Alternatives, such as the SSU, require three major components to succeed: A risk taking environment. Innovative nursing leaders, especially at the department head level. Staff nurses who demonstrate flexibility, enthusiasm, and pride in expanding their professional roles. The SSU was not developed without difficulty or some conflict. As the program was developing, full-time night coverage was not warranted so an on-call system was used. Increased use of the SSU resulted in the on-call person frequently being called in rather than just occasionally being called. Staff discontent grew as this continued. Additional night staff were added and use continued to increase, which ensured financial viability. Nursing leaders are developing alternatives in every setting. As we learn from each other, the opportunities for change grows. PMID- 3171712 TI - Using microcomputer telecommunications. AB - The field of computers and communication is rapidly growing. Microcomputer telecommunications is a fairly simple new tool that can increase productivity and improve work skills. For those who have access to a microcomputer, the cost to add telecommunication capability is minimal while the payoff is unlimited. The next time you need an article about a particular topic or try to remember where you read a particular article, make travel plans or write a letter to a colleague in another state, think how easy it would be with your microcomputer and a modem. PMID- 3171713 TI - Identifying the components of a nursing service philosophy. AB - A framework for writing a nursing service philosophy provides the nurse manager with a quick and easy reference to identify essential organizers for the philosophy. The framework described here pinpoints three areas of importance, nursing/nursing practice, the patient/client, and the nurse, and describes specific subject matter to be addressed with each area. By organizing the subject matter into three practical areas of concern, the nurse manager can explore each area and develop a realistic and operational philosophy for the Nursing Service Department. PMID- 3171714 TI - Developing case management in a primary nursing system. AB - Primary nursing has been both a philosophy of care and a delivery model for many hospitals during the past decade. Although the authors still value the philosophy of primary nursing, they believe the model no longer is effective in their hospital. The authors describe the experience of changing the nursing care delivery system from primary nursing to case management in leveled practice. PMID- 3171715 TI - Performance evaluation alternatives. AB - The two behaviorally oriented evaluation systems have as their major disadvantage the cost and difficulty of devising appropriate instruments. Their development can be time consuming and their use may require a separate instrument for each job category or subcategory being evaluated. Obviously there are different behaviors required of admitting clerks versus food service workers, hence requiring different evaluative tools. Furthermore, the required behaviors of surgical nurses and pediatric nurses will differ, requiring specially designed instruments. However, once the instrument is developed, the use of the behaviorally oriented evaluations will give a superior result. Since the instrument is specifically job related and less subjective in its scoring, the results of the evaluation better reflect the employees' actual performance and are more likely to stand up in court. Furthermore, since the orientation is toward behaviors rather than characteristics, the evaluation is less likely to be perceived as a personal attack by the individual receiving a substandard evaluation. Therefore, it serves as a better basis for improving performance since it identifies specific activities that need correction rather than personal characteristics that must change. Finally, the behaviorally oriented instrument may be seen as a much fairer evaluative tool by employees since they frequently have input into its development and can see that the behaviors measured are directly related to the accomplishment of job objectives. Likewise, employees will view the tool as fairer since it is much easier to challenge adverse scores based on objective evaluations than on those subjectively based.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171716 TI - Definitions and descriptions of the nursing middle manager and nurse executive. PMID- 3171717 TI - Developing a nursing research manual. PMID- 3171719 TI - Lung volume reference values for blue collar workers not exposed to occupational respiratory hazards. AB - Epidemiologic research into occupationally related lung disease often requires the comparison of a study group with an external nonexposed comparison group. In order to develop such an external comparison group, blue collar workers, who had no obvious adverse occupational pulmonary exposure, performed simple spirometry, were administered a standard questionnaire, and had standard posterior-anterior and lateral chest radiographs taken. Prediction equations were established for three indices of lung volume, namely total lung capacity, residual volume, and their ratio, for various combinations of race, sex, and smoking groups. Asymptomatic non-smokers with normal radiograph results were then extracted from the overall group, and separate prediction equations were established. The relationship between age and total lung capacity is discussed. PMID- 3171720 TI - Factors associated with enrollment in an employee fitness center. AB - Employee fitness programs may be evaluated by comparing program participants with nonparticipants on program outcome variables. This study was designed to identify how participants in an employee fitness program may selectively differ from nonparticipants. Joiners were more likely to have engaged in prior fitness activity, to consider fitness a high priority, and to have more positive attitudes about keeping fit. Traditional factors such as demographic or health status variables were not different between joiners and nonjoiners. Although the fitness center was not systematically selecting the more fit employee, participants were different from nonparticipants in terms of attitudinal and behavioral factors which reflect a health promotion orientation. PMID- 3171721 TI - 'B-readers' and asbestos medical surveillance. AB - "B-readers" certified in International Labor Office methodology interpret large numbers of randomly distributed asbestos medical surveillance roentgenograms of US Navy employees. Analysis of 23 participating observers, interpreting more than 105,000 radiographs, demonstrated a 300-fold prevalence range of perceived "definite" pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities. There was an evident geographic component to interpretation habits, with East and West Coast observers more likely to interpret films as abnormal than observers from the midcontinent. The most expert observers, a group who instruct the course leading to National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health certification in International Labor Office methodology, also perceived fewer abnormalities than other readers or coastal observers. Instructors still exhibited a sevenfold prevalence range of positive interpretation. Under usual surveillance conditions, the habits of B readers appear to have a major impact upon the diagnosis of asbestosis from roentgenograms. Certification in B-reading should not be the only quality assurance for radiographic surveillance programs, medical decision-making, epidemiologic comparisons, nor related legal activities. PMID- 3171718 TI - Degree of confounding bias related to smoking, ethnic group, and socioeconomic status in estimates of the associations between occupation and cancer. AB - In occupational cancer epidemiology, many studies are carried out without access to information on smoking and other potential confounding variables. It is unclear whether such deficiencies are likely to cause serious bias in estimates of cancer-occupation associations. An empiric investigation was carried out to determine the effect of inclusion or exclusion of three variables--smoking, ethnic group, and socioeconomic status--on estimates of odds ratios (OR) between 25 occupations and three types of cancer--lung, bladder, and stomach. Of the 75 associations studied, only one OR was distorted by more than 40% when comparing unadjusted with adjusted estimates; three were distorted by between 30% and 40%; four others by between 20% and 30%. Of the eight associations which were distorted by more than 20%, seven involved lung cancer and one involved bladder cancer; none involved stomach cancer. An additional analysis was carried out on the 25 lung cancer-occupation associations to determine whether the nature of the stratification on smoking (ie, whether crude or "precise" categories were used) gave different OR estimates. The differences in ORs induced by different parametrizations of the smoking variable were relatively small. Our results support the view that relative risks between lung cancer and occupation in excess of 1.4 are unlikely to be artifacts due to uncontrolled confounding. For bladder and stomach cancer, the corresponding cut point may be as low as 1.2. In studies of occupation and cancer, uncontrolled confounding due to smoking and social class may not be as serious a threat to the integrity of results as is sometimes feared. PMID- 3171722 TI - Update to vinyl chloride mortality study. PMID- 3171724 TI - Don't close the door: some observations on cancer cluster investigation. PMID- 3171723 TI - Ischemic heart disease and acute myocardial infarction mortality among police officers. AB - The relationship between the occupation of police officer and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality was examined through case-control studies using 1968/78 death certificate records from Rhode Island and Utah. IHD was divided into two subcategories--acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and other IHD. In both states, the odds ratio (OR) for AMI was significantly elevated (Rhode Island, OR = 1.3; Utah, OR = 1.8), and was higher than the OR for other IHD (Rhode Island, OR = 1.1; Utah, OR = 1.4). The odds ratio for AMI was higher in the less than 65 yr age group (Rhode Island, OR = 2.1; Utah, OR = 2.1) than in the greater than or equal to 65 yr age group (Rhode Island, OR = 0.9; Utah, OR = 1.6). These results suggest that the elevated risk for IHD among police officers observed in this and other studies is primarily due to an elevated risk for AMI. The pattern of diminishing risk with age suggests a risk factor, possibly stress, the effect of which diminishes when exposure ceases at retirement. PMID- 3171725 TI - Mental health care benefits costs. PMID- 3171728 TI - Expanding the ranks of academic general internal medicine not just any port in a storm. PMID- 3171727 TI - Methodologic standards for diagnostic test assessment studies. PMID- 3171726 TI - Relationship of patient request fulfillment to compliance, glycemic control, and other health care outcomes in insulin-dependent diabetes. AB - Patients' perceptions of the extent to which their health care needs have been met may affect compliance with prescribed health behaviors and related health outcomes. The authors examined the relationships of "patient request fulfillment" to patient compliance, glycemic control, and several other health care outcomes in 51 adult outpatients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. On average, patients retrospectively cited 4.5 long-term requests, of which over three fourths were fulfilled. Fulfillment of these requests was significantly associated with patient satisfaction, perceived health status, fewer insulin reactions, and greater insulin injection time reliability (p less than 0.05), but not with several other measures of compliance. Higher patient request fulfillment at single visits was correlated, as hypothesized, with subsequent reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin, but this association was not statistically significant. These results suggest that patient request fulfillment is associated with several aspects of health behavior and health status in adults with insulin-dependent diabetes. Further studies are needed to confirm these observations and determine whether strategies to enhance patient request fulfillment can enhance health care outcomes. PMID- 3171729 TI - Will sharing uncertainty reduce physician effectiveness? PMID- 3171730 TI - The First Purdue Conference on Cardiac Assistance with Skeletal Muscle. October 25-26, 1988, West Lafayette, Indiana. Abstracts. PMID- 3171731 TI - Retrieval of wave aberration of human eyes from actual point-spread-function data. AB - The wave aberration of human eyes is retrieved from actual point-spread-function (PSF) data and the modulus of the pupil function. The PSF had been obtained previously by application of a hybrid optical-digital method developed recently. The retrieval is done by using a bidimensional Gerchberg-Saxton phase-retrieval algorithm joined to an iterative phase-unwrapping algorithm. To obtain an adequate convergence, the initial wave aberration for starting the retrieval unwrapping algorithm is estimated with a nonlinear least-squares algorithm. The resulting wave aberrations for several subjects show irregular aberrations superimposed upon the regular wave-aberration components, with astigmatism being the most important asymmetric aberration. PMID- 3171732 TI - Spatial-frequency tuning as a function of temporal frequency and stimulus motion. AB - Spatial-frequency tuning at two different spatial frequencies was determined by measuring the detectability of a signal grating that was made difficult to see by low- or high-pass visual noise. The signals were vertical sinusoidal gratings of different spatial frequencies. The detectability of the signal was measured in two-alternative forced-choice tasks with different temporal envelopes: (1) a slowly changing raised-cosine (Hanning) window, (2) a rectangularly gated 2-Hz counterphase flickering envelope, and (3) a rectangularly gated 10-Hz counterphase flickering envelope. Additional measurements were made using drifting stimuli with the signal and noise drifting in the same or in opposite directions. The temporal envelopes were chosen because they have different effects on the contrast-sensitivity function and it was desired to know how temporal factors affect the spatial-frequency tuning of the relatively narrowly tuned channels thought to underlie contrast sensitivity. The results show that, for counterphase flickering stimuli, spatial-frequency tuning does not depend on temporal envelopes applied identically to the signal and to the masking noise. A similar picture emerges at slow (2.7-deg/sec) but not at fast (10.9-deg/sec) drift rates. PMID- 3171733 TI - Spectral sensitivity for flicker and acuity criteria. AB - Different channels in the visual system mediate the detection of flicker and the detection of high spatial frequencies. The magnocellular channel is optimized for flicker detection, whereas the parvocellular channel is optimized for color vision and spatial resolution. The spectral sensitivity of the magnocellular (flicker) channel is obtained by combining cone inputs in the ratio R/G = 5/3; the spectral sensitivity of the parvocellular channel is obtained with the ratio R/G = 2/3. However, when the parvocellular channel is used for resolution, the sensitivity changes from R/G = 2/3 to R/G = 5/3. By hypothesis, this occurs because only parvocellular centers resolve high spatial frequencies and because parvocellular centers are distributed in the same ratio as cones feeding magnocellular cells. PMID- 3171734 TI - A surplus of shortages. PMID- 3171735 TI - Ten caveats in the early management of acute epiglottitis in children. PMID- 3171737 TI - HIV reporting in Oklahoma: guidelines for physicians and answers to common questions. PMID- 3171736 TI - Procurement of hearts for valve homografts: one year's experience. PMID- 3171739 TI - Quicker dissemination of information. PMID- 3171738 TI - Prob. c abbrev. in med. rec. PMID- 3171740 TI - Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible: clinical radiographic and histologic findings in twenty-seven patients. AB - Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible is a disease of obscure origin that may give rise to diagnostic problems. In the literature most authors suggest an infectious etiology. However, the results of treatment are generally poor. Clinical and radiographic findings in this study of 27 patients suggested an infectious origin of the disease. However, bacteriologic findings in 11 of these cases did not support this suggestion. The histologic findings showed a reactive hyperplasia of bone. The results of treatment, based on the assumption of an infectious etiology, were poor. It was concluded that the findings in this group of patients did not support an infectious etiology of the disease. PMID- 3171741 TI - Oral submucous fibrosis--a new treatment regimen. AB - Successful treatment of oral submucous fibrosis with local injections of chymotrypsin, hyaluronidase, and dexamethasone is reported. In resistant cases, surgical excision of the fibrotic bands with submucosal placement of fresh human placental grafts was found to be successful. PMID- 3171742 TI - Occurrence of oronasal fistulas in operated cleft palate patients. AB - Oronasal fistulas, a troublesome complication, often occur after cleft palate repair. Seventy-three patients in a series of 346 cases of cleft palate (21%) were found to have fistulas, most located at the junction of hard and soft palate (42%). Langenbeck's method of cleft palate repair resulted in more fistulas than Wardill's method. Fistulas occurred more frequently in bilateral clefts than in the unilateral type. Nasality was found to be the most common symptom in patients with oronasal fistulas. No treatment was needed for 17 patients, 10 were given obturators, and surgical repair was performed in 46. Treatment was totally successful in 56% of the patients and partially so in 34%. PMID- 3171743 TI - A comparison of radiographic treatment methods for evaluation of the orbit. AB - The use of conventional radiography, complex motion tomography, and computed tomography for evaluation of eight patients with orbital floor fractures indicates that CT scans in an axial plane with coronal and sagittal reformations offer the best radiographic evaluation of the orbit. PMID- 3171744 TI - Frontal soft tissue morphology with double V-Y closure following Le Fort I osteotomy. AB - This prospective study compares the nasal and maxillary vermillion morphology in three groups of patients who underwent maxillary osteotomies and whose soft tissues were managed by different surgical techniques. Eleven of these patients had simple primary closure (SPC) of the maxillary circumvestibular incision; ten were treated with single V-Y closure (SVY) combined with nasolabial muscle reconstruction, and the remaining 11 were treated with a double V-Y closure (DVY) combined with nasolabial muscle reconstruction. All three groups showed significant increases in the alar dome width. Further inspection of the data revealed that the DVY group showed significant, strong correlations between the preoperative and postoperative vertical vermillion measurements. Although the SVY and SPC techniques showed significant correlations for the same measurements, their correlation values were less. Small significant decreases averaging from 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm were seen in all but one of the vertical vermillion measurements with the DVY technique. Larger individual decreases and increases were seen with the SVY and SPC techniques. These findings suggest a level of predictability in the postoperative vermillion height change with the DVY closure that is not obtainable with the SVY or SPC techniques. PMID- 3171745 TI - Experimental endocarditis following dental extractions in rats with periodontitis. AB - This study analyzed the development of bacterial endocarditis following dental extraction in rats with periodontal disease. Periodontal disease was produced in rats by tying silk ligatures around the two maxillary first molars, and placing the animals on a high sucrose diet. Sterile aortic valve vegetations were produced by means of a transaortic catheter, and 24 hours later the maxillary first molars were extracted. The animals were killed 72 hours after the extractions. In rats with periodontal disease induced for 10 and 14 weeks, extractions resulted in an incidence of bacterial endocarditis of 24% and 50%, respectively, most of which were due to streptococcal species (two were caused by Staphylococcus [corrected] aureus). The difference, though not statistically significant (p = 0.10, chi 2 with Yates correction), shows a trend toward increased incidence of endocarditis with increasing severity of periodontal disease. This model demonstrates that one can reliably induce bacterial endocarditis after dental extractions in rats with periodontal disease. PMID- 3171746 TI - Accuracy of the oblique lateral transcranial projection, lateral tomography, and x-ray stereometry in evaluation of mandibular condyle displacement. AB - Condylar displacement similar to that occurring during and after mandibular ramus osteotomies was simulated in an in vitro study. Three different radiographic methods were used to measure the displacement, and the accuracy of the methods was compared. The stereometric method was more accurate than the plain radiographic methods and permitted measurements in all three dimensions. The oblique lateral transcranial projection was more accurate than lateral tomography, possibly because identification of measurement points in lateral tomography was complicated by the substantial displacement of the condyle. PMID- 3171747 TI - Double-degree oral and maxillofacial surgeons: was it worth it? AB - A survey was conducted of oral and maxillofacial surgeons with double degrees who are members of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS). The survey consisted of questions related to obtaining their MD degree; comparing the difficulty of medical school versus dental school and oral and maxillofacial surgery residency; and to whether they thought pursuing an MD degree was worthwhile and would they recommend the pursuit of an MD degree to interested DDS/DMD oral and maxillofacial surgery residents. The results showed that those surveyed thought that obtaining an MD degree was worthwhile and, if they had a chance to do it over again, would do so. PMID- 3171748 TI - California mandatory seat belt law: the effect of recent legislation on motor vehicle accident related maxillofacial injuries. AB - This study evaluated the effects of the California mandatory seat belt law on prevention of motor vehicle accident (MVA)-related maxillofacial injuries. The records of 950 MVA-related injury victims treated at San Francisco General Hospital during comparable 3-month periods in 1985 (451) and 1986 (499) were reviewed to assess the effect of seat belt legislation on reduction of maxillofacial trauma. No significant difference was found in the injury severity scores between the two study periods. In addition, this study did not confirm the reported beneficial effect of seat belt legislation on reduction of MVA-related facial injuries in California. This finding was attributed to poor compliance with the law (50.3% compliance rate). PMID- 3171749 TI - A disappearing dentigerous cyst: report of a case. AB - A report of a clinically diagnosed dentigerous cyst is presented that completely disappeared without treatment during a 13 month period. The implications of this in the treatment of selected cases is discussed. PMID- 3171750 TI - Benign mesenchymoma of the palate: report of a case. AB - A case of benign mesenchymoma of the hard palate is presented. The lesion was completely excised and the tumor margins were shown to be free of disease. Within 4 months a second noncontiguous lesion arose of the opposite side of the palate and was also removed. Whether this represented a distinctly new lesion or possibly one which was seeded through previous diagnostic efforts was difficult to ascertain. Follow-up for more than 2 years has not revealed any further evidence of neoplasia. PMID- 3171751 TI - Stabilization of the intraoral vertical osteotomy using small bone plates. PMID- 3171752 TI - Medical science and the patient. AB - Classification is necessary to most forms of thought, and the scientific method requires particular refinement of this process in order to formulate its laws. But there is nothing fundamental about any classification; its categories are chosen for a particular purpose only, and often at least some of the subjects do not fall readily into any class. Furthermore, since only few of an individual's characteristics are used as classifying attributes, individuals themselves become submerged in the class, and their individuality lost in the scientific laws that arise therefrom. Desiderata of science and uniqueness are therefore opposed--and they are irreconcilable because absolute knowledge is either non-existent or unattainable. Thus, the decision as to whether an individual patient is healthy or diseased must be made on the basis of diagnostic laws which, as far as the individual is concerned, are inaccurate and may turn out to be spurious or even meaningless. These laws are therefore only guide-lines which must be 're individuated' in clinical practice. In essence, the individual's health depends on the individual's biology. PMID- 3171753 TI - The subjective experience of mastication in subjects with shortened dental arches. AB - In this study the perception of chewing is investigated in forty-three subjects with a shortened dental arch (SDA) by means of an interview. A group of fifty four subjects with a complete dentition was used as a control group. The aim was: (i) do subjects with a SDA have a higher risk of chewing problems, and (ii) do they have different food perception and food selection leading to change in their diet? The results show that for subjects with a SDA the chewing function, food perception, food selection and actual food consumption are hindered within an acceptable degree. PMID- 3171754 TI - The effect of retention grooves on gingival marginal leakage in Class II posterior composite resin restorations. AB - In this laboratory study, the effect of retention grooves in the proximal portion of class II cavities on the marginal microleakage using light-cured composite resin was examined. The retention grooves were placed at the axio-facial and axio lingual line angles and in the gingival floor of the cavities. The teeth were restored with Herculite composite resin with etching and dentine bonding and polymerized in two different ways: (i) a single mass of restorative material was polymerized all at once; and (ii) incrementally placed amounts of restorative material were each polymerized separately until the cavity was completely filled. Marginal microleakage was evaluated by the degree of dye penetration at the gingival margin of the restorations after suitable thermocycling procedures. It was concluded that marginal microleakage was significantly reduced when the composite resin was placed and polymerized incrementally, and that no advantage was gained from retention grooves with this incremental technique. However, when polymerizing in one single mass of material, retention grooves were found to be necessary in order to reduce marginal microleakage at the gingival wall. PMID- 3171755 TI - Tissue response to implanted ceramic-coated titanium alloys in rats. AB - In order to assess the tissue compatibility of the hybrid materials for the dental implant (hydroxyapatite, titanium oxide and titanium nitride coated titanium alloys), tissue response to these materials implanted in the rat subcutaneous tissue was histologically examined. Initial inflammatory response was less evident in titanium oxide coated and non-coated titanium alloys. All materials were encapsulated by thin fibrous connective tissues. The membrane thickness of hydroxyapatite coated titanium alloy was significantly higher than that of titanium nitride coated one. These results suggest that all materials possess favourable tissue compatibility and may encourage clinical use as the dental implant. PMID- 3171757 TI - Electromyographic biofeedback and sustained masseter muscle contraction in man. AB - Twenty-two human subjects performed sustained voluntary contractions of the mandibular elevator muscles firstly without and secondly with visual biofeedback. The level of electromyographic activity of the masseter muscle during the second clench exceeded that during the first clench by a mean of 36%. This differential indicates the ability of the subjects to override the central factors which normally limit muscle activity during a fatiguing contraction. PMID- 3171756 TI - The effects of mixing capsule geometry on the early compressive strength of dental amalgam. AB - Three dental amalgams were mixed in a number of different mixing capsules. Compressive strength specimens were prepared using a clinically relevant technique and tested at 1 h and 7 days. The results showed that the early compressive strength of an alloy was influenced by the mixing capsule, and suggested that internal capsule geometry may be an important contributory factor in capsule performance. With one exception, there was a marked difference between the compressive strengths produced under the present method and those reported by manufacturers under test conditions laid down in standards specifications. PMID- 3171758 TI - In vitro temperature rises during visible-light curing of a lining material and a posterior composite. AB - The aim of this study was to measure the rise in temperature during: (i) a single cycle of a curing light unit, (ii) the polymerization of a layer of light-cured lining material, and (iii) the polymerization of a light-cured posterior composite material, and also during combinations of these individual procedures. Experimental work was undertaken in vitro and measurements were made using a thermocouple placed centrally in an insulated PTFE well. Large temperature rises occurred with the use of the curing light alone. The lining material itself did not contribute significantly to the rise in temperature during curing, nor did it provide thermal insulation from the output temperature emitted by the light guide. The presence of a layer of posterior composite reduced the temperature transmitted from the light but the residual temperature rise transmitted was still of such a magnitude as to cause concern regarding possible thermal injury to the pulp. PMID- 3171759 TI - Pain in the sternocleidomastoid muscle and occlusal interferences. AB - The EMG of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the masticatory muscles during function has been observed in relation to opposing occlusal contacts. The purpose was to investigate the possible developmental mechanism of pain which can occur in the muscles. Six subjects with normal function and ten patients were studied. EMG activities of temporal, masseter, sternocleidomastoid (insertion) and sternocleidomastoid (middle) were recorded by surface and needle electrodes. EMG activity was recorded from the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid during activity of the masticatory muscles in tapping, clenching, and mastication. On the other hand little activity was registered from the middle of the sternocleidomastoid. The amplitude of the EMG of SCM-I increased as the occlusal force increased. During chewing the sternocleidomastoid muscle was functioning more actively on the working side than on the non-working side. On the patients, EMG activities of the muscles were of low amplitude and low frequency with no synchronization with the chewing movement, suggesting hyperactivity of the muscle. PMID- 3171760 TI - Mechanical and physiochemical determinants of the chondrocyte biosynthetic response. AB - The relation between mechanical loading of cartilage and chondrocyte activity in vivo may be mediated by several physical transduction mechanisms including: cell deformation, hydrostatic pressure gradients, fluid flow, streaming currents, and physicochemical changes. We have developed an organ culture system designed to study chondrocyte biosynthetic response to such physical stimuli. This study focuses on the effects of static compression and physicochemical changes. Cartilage disks harvested from the reserve zone of the epiphyseal plate of 1-2 week-old calves were subjected to static compressive stresses of 0-3 MPa in unconfined compression and the incorporation of [35S]sulfate and [3H]proline was measured during the 12-h loading period. Incorporation of both proline and sulfate decreased monotonically with increasing stress. Compressive loading also produces physicochemical changes including a decreased water content and increased matrix fixed-charge density, with a concomitant increase in interstitial counterion concentrations (e.g., K+, H+) and decreased coion concentrations (e.g., SO4(2-). We therefore examined the possibility that specific changes in interstitial mobile ion concentrations may be linked to chondrocyte response to static compression by measuring biosynthesis in the absence of mechanical compression while independently altering the SO4(2-), K+, and H+ composition of the bathing medium. We found that proline and sulfate incorporation were strongly dependent on pH, but independent of [SO4(2-)] and [K+] in the range studied. These results suggest that compression-induced changes in local, interstitial pH may account for the observed biosynthetic response to static compression. PMID- 3171761 TI - The role of mechanical loading histories in the development of diarthrodial joints. AB - The possible role of mechanical loading history in chondroosseous development at the ends of long bones is explored using two-dimensional finite element models of chondroepiphyses. Loading histories are characterized in terms of discrete loading cases defined by joint contact pressure distributions and an associated number of loading cycles. An osteogenic stimulus throughout the chondroepiphyses is calculated following the theory that cyclic octahedral shear stresses promote endochondral ossification and cyclic compressive dilatational stresses inhibit ossification. The resulting distributions for the osteogenic stimulus predict the appearance of the secondary ossific nucleus and the shape of the developing bony epiphysis. The zone of Ranvier and the formation of articular cartilage and the growth plate are also predicted by the models. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that tissue stress histories constitute an important influence during skeletal morphogenesis. Further study and testing of the concepts introduced in this study are appropriate. PMID- 3171762 TI - Effects of polymethylmethacrylate exposure upon macrophages. AB - The effects of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) exposure upon macrophage viability and function were studied in an attempt to determine what role these cells play in the loosening of cemented arthroplasties. P388D1 murine macrophage cell line was exposed to PMMA and polystyrene particles of similar size and concentration. DNA synthesis following exposure to PMMA or polystyrene was studied by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Macrophage function was studied by analyzing the ability of activated macrophages to kill mast cell targets following particle exposure. Our results demonstrate that exposure of macrophages to PMMA particles in vitro inhibits DNA synthesis and impairs their cytotoxic ability. Histologic examination revealed that macrophages phagocytose both PMMA and styrene particles, but the former eventually lyse these cells. Our studies suggest that the histologic appearance of macrophages and foreign body giant cells at the bone cement interface may be secondary to a repetitive cycle of PMMA particle phagocytosis and cell death, similar to that found in a foreign body granulomatous response. PMID- 3171763 TI - Postural control in single-limb stance. AB - Postural control in single-limb stance has previously been shown to be impaired among soccer players with functional instability (FI) of the ankle joint. The aim of the present study was to further study the role of the ankle in postural control. A dynamic method was used involving optoelectronic movement recordings of body segments and force-plate recordings of the reaction ground force. Surface electromyography was recorded for the peroneus longus muscle. Thirty physically active men were selected. Fifteen of them had FI of the ankle chosen for recording. The results show that different patterns exist for maintaining equilibrium in single-limb stance. The ankle has a central role for postural corrections. The position of center of pressure is highly correlated to the position of the ankle and peroneal muscle activity. When the body was in disequilibrium, corrections were made at the hip. It is proposed that a change from an inverted pendulum model to a multisegmental chain model takes place when adjustments at the ankle joint no longer suffice to maintain postural control. The men with FI showed impaired postural control associated with increased upper segmental corrections. PMID- 3171764 TI - Motions and loads within the human pelvis: a biomechanical model study. AB - The pelvis, a major load carrying component of the musculoskeletal system, is sometimes suspected as a site of mechanically provoked low back pain. Thus, studies of its basic biomechanics seem warranted. This study used biomechanical model simulations to examine how pelvic geometry and joint soft tissue properties influence relative motions among its bones and internal loadings of its joints. A biomechanical model of a pelvis was loaded by forces of up to 1000 N and moments of up to 25 Nm. Its resulting motions and joint loadings were determined. The effects on these responses due to pelvic geometry changes of 20% in lengths and 10 degrees in angles, and soft tissue stiffness changes, most of which were 25%, were also examined. For all situations examined, model pelvis relative displacements were at most a few mm, and relative rotations were at most a few degrees. Internal forces and moments were always less than 530 N and 30 Nm, respectively. PMID- 3171766 TI - Standardized biomechanical measurement for varus-valgus stiffness and rotation in normal knees. AB - Seventeen female and 24 male subjects had varus and valgus and apparent rotations measured using a standardized mechanical testing device that cyclically applied a 20-Nm moment in each direction. Five parameters--apparent varus rotation, apparent valgus rotation, apparent overall rotation, varus stiffness, and valgus stiffness showed intersubject variations approaching 40%. Right-left variations in the same subject averaged 12%, with no significant right-left differences overall. Female knees rotated 66% more than male knees and were 35% less stiff. The ratio of apparent valgus rotation to apparent varus rotation averaged 0.775, and the ratio of valgus stiffness to varus stiffness averaged 1.23 for all knees. Stiffness and rotation parameters were highly correlated for both genders in the valgus phase of testing. Results suggest that although magnitudes of measured parameters vary considerably from subject to subject, common relationships between parameters from the same normal knee exist. PMID- 3171765 TI - Contact stress aberrations following imprecise reduction of simple tibial plateau fractures. AB - Despite the well-recognized association between poorly reduced intraarticular fractures and late degenerative changes, current guidelines regarding the reduction precision necessary to avoid excessive cartilage pressures are based largely on anecdotal clinical observations. To gain a quantitative appreciation of the relation between local pressure elevations and fracture reduction imprecision, a simplified laboratory cadaver model of minimally displaced tibial plateau fractures was developed. Cartilage contact stress distributions were measured as a function of depressed fragment malreduction in seven knees, using high-resolution (100 pixels/mm2) digital image scans of Fuji-film stain patterns. The contact stress data showed a general trend of increases of peak local pressure with increasing fracture site incongruity, and in a few isolated instances the effect was very pronounced. Across the whole series, however, statistically significant departures from anatomic pressure levels did not occur until the fragment stepoff was greater than 1.5 mm. Even at the 3-mm stepoff level, for which the depressed fragment usually no longer made contact with the femoral condyle, the peak local pressure values on the intact side of the fracture line averaged only approximately 75% greater than those prevailing anatomically. Given the successful clinical outcomes normally achieved for conservatively managed simple tibial plateau fractures having stepoff magnitudes (5-10 mm) clearly sufficient to insure fragment articular noncontact, the present laboratory results suggest that nominally factor-of-two peak local pressure elevations, provided that they occur over only small portions of the cartilage surface, are probably within the long-term overall tolerance range of an articular joint. PMID- 3171767 TI - Reconstruction of the digital pulley in the monkey using biologic and nonbiologic materials. AB - A-2 pulleys were replaced in the hand of the nonhuman primate; on the long/little fingers the pulleys were reconstructed with a woven nylon fabric (Nitex), and on the ring/index fingers the pulleys were reconstructed with fascia lata. The opposite unoperated hand served as a control. At 2, 3, and 6 months postoperative, the animals were killed to compare the function of the reconstructed pulleys with the control pulleys of the opposite digit. Using a tensile testing machine, two parameters, work of flexion and tendon excursion, showed that both pulley reconstructions permitted minimal tendon bow-stringing and had excellent gliding function. Both materials increased in strength over time to become stronger than the control pulley. Histologic examination showed no foreign body reaction to the Nitex; excellent fibrous ingrowth into the woven nylon was seen, which matured in time. The surface of the Nitex pulley facing the tendon developed and maintained a synovial-like gliding surface. The Nitex pulley compared favorably with the fascial pulley biomechanically and histologically; both reconstructed pulleys functioned well compared with normal pulleys. PMID- 3171768 TI - Geometry of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. AB - This study aimed to define the articular geometry of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of the great toe. Embedded in resin blocks, five pairs of cadaveric first MTP joints (all from men) were sequentially cut in the sagittal plane with a milling machine, removing 0.5 mm of bone in each cut. The photographed cartilaginous outline of each cut was digitized against reference markers, which enabled a computer system to superimpose each outline in three dimensions. The intersesamoidal ridge was found to be parallel to the lateral shaft. The peak of the ridge was just lateral to the midline of the MT head. The articular outline, through the ridge of each sample, was circular; however, other surface contours were noncircular. The undulating plantar aspect of the MTP head formed by the intersesamoidal ridge and related grooves was found to have symmetric relationships to the sesamoid bones and a consistent orientation to the shaft. The rounded distal dorsal aspect of the MTP head showed consistent differences to the concavity formed by the phalangeal base. The sample size is too small for the sizing of prostheses but it is adequate to study the geometry of the MTP joint. More data are needed for the accurate replication of a resurfacing prosthesis and understanding of joint kinematics. PMID- 3171770 TI - Geometry of the humeroulnar joint. AB - Clinical results with elbow prostheses have been disappointing. A detailed knowledge of elbow joint geometry and mechanics is necessary to improve prosthetic design. In this study, the humeroulnar articulation of four human cadaver elbows was examined using surface analytic methods. In this article, the location of the transverse axis of elbow flexion-extension is suggested in relation to well-defined landmarks, the medial and lateral epicondyles, and subsequently to the line connecting their most lateral points--the transepicondylar line. The geometry of the structures responsible for the carrying angle is discussed, as is the extent of cartilage-covered bearing areas of the lower humerus and upper ulna. Implications pertaining to prosthetic design and surgical technique resulting from this study are discussed. PMID- 3171769 TI - Sex differences in age-related remodeling of the femur and tibia. AB - Changes with age in cross-sectional geometry of the lower limb bones were investigated in a large sample of cadaveric skeletal material from U.S. white adults. Section properties (areas and second moments of area) were determined at 11 locations by sectioning and direct measurement of 103 femora and 99 tibiae. All properties were standardized for body size differences by dividing by powers of bone length, and age trends were determined through linear regression analysis. Results indicate that while both men and women undergo endosteal resorption of bone and medullary expansion with aging, only men exhibit concurrent subperiosteal bone apposition and expansion. As a consequence, men show little change in cortical area and some increase in second moments of area with age, while women show decreases in both cortical area and second moments of area. Thus, only men appear to remodel bone in a way that would tend to compensate for loss of bone material strength with aging. In a previous study of a preindustrial sample with high activity levels, both men and women exhibited bone subperiosteal expansion and increase in second moments of area with aging. Together with observed differences in fracture incidence among living populations, these findings suggest that relatively low activity levels may not stimulate optimal bone remodeling throughout life and thus may contribute to higher risk of fracture in old age. PMID- 3171771 TI - AAOS/NIH/ORS workshop. Injury and repair of the musculoskeletal soft tissues. Savannah, Georgia, June 18-20, 1987. PMID- 3171772 TI - Undifferentiated columnar cells on the gastric interfoveolar crest: a previously undescribed observation. AB - We have observed and defined morphometrically and histochemically an entity composed of groups of undifferentiated columnar cells on the interfoveolar crest of gastric mucosa. These cells are clearly distinct from either normal foveolar cells or regenerative epithelial cells associated with ulcer healing. They show a close association with atrophic gastritis, particularly in the presence of type 3 sulphomucin-secreting intestinal metaplasia. We have termed this the gastric tip lesion since it is observed only on the tips of the mucosal folds. This has not been described previously. We propose that these cells are the precursors of type 3 intestinal metaplasia and may also provide a link between this type of intestinal metaplasia and the intestinal variant of gastric adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3171773 TI - Lectin binding and desmin staining during bupivicaine-induced necrosis and regeneration in rat skeletal muscle. AB - The processes of bupivicaine-induced necrosis and regeneration in rat skeletal muscle have been studied with a panel of biotinylated lectins and by immunohistochemical staining for desmin. The results indicate that the binding of lectins to the periphery of muscle fibres is not altered in necrotic and regenerating fibres at the light microscopic level although abnormal cytoplasmic staining by lectins occurs early in necrosis and is also present during regeneration. Desmin staining is lost at an early stage of necrosis and is present at an early stage of regeneration. Desmin staining in combination with morphometrical assessment of the rate of fusion and growth of regenerating fibres provides a powerful method for evaluating the processes of muscle regeneration in experimental situations. PMID- 3171774 TI - Response of cerebral microvasculature to brain injury. AB - There is increasing evidence that there is a direct response of the cerebral microvasculature to head injury. We have investigated using SEM and TEM the response of microvessels within the white matter of the baboon brain to lateral head acceleration. There is rapid endothelial disruption and swelling of perivascular astrocytes near the sites of petechial haemorrhage. The formation of microvilli in all vessels reaches a peak at 6 h and extends at least 5 mm from the site of haemorrhage. The astrocyte response suggests a partial recovery by 6 h. The endothelial response is most marked in arterioles and venules and is maintained for 6 days after injury. We suggest there is a biphasic cerebrovascular response to brain injury. First there is rapid astrocytic swelling possibly correlated with transient disruption of the blood-brain barrier. This is followed by morphological changes in the endothelium of all vessels which are most marked in arterioles and venules and extend considerable distances throughout the neuropile. This response is discussed in the light of disruption of the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 3171775 TI - The automatic delineation of urothelial nuclei in tissue sections. PMID- 3171776 TI - Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 157th meeting. 6-8 July 1988, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Abstracts. PMID- 3171778 TI - Lies and lamentation--a solid no to euthanasia. PMID- 3171777 TI - Teaching surgical pathology at the Birmingham General Hospital. PMID- 3171779 TI - Anticipatory grief: the term is a misnomer but the phenomenon exists. PMID- 3171781 TI - Perceptions not yet matched by research. PMID- 3171780 TI - Is it possible to prepare for trauma? PMID- 3171782 TI - The voice of clinical and personal experience. PMID- 3171783 TI - Spirituality, pastoral care, and religion: the need for clear distinctions. PMID- 3171784 TI - Ultimate questions and existential vulnerability. PMID- 3171786 TI - Spiritual or pastoral care: two models. PMID- 3171785 TI - Spiritual care: the software of life. PMID- 3171787 TI - Role of conventional physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis. AB - Because of the time and the emotional cost involved in performing daily conventional chest physiotherapy in patients with cystic fibrosis, a 3-year prospective study was undertaken to compare the long-term effects of postural drainage accompanied by percussion and the forced expiratory technique with the effects of the forced expiratory technique alone. Patients who performed the forced expiratory technique alone had mean annual rates of decline that were significantly different from zero for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (p less than 0.001), forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (p less than 0.001), and Shwachman clinical score (p less than 0.004). In the group performing conventional physiotherapy with percussion and postural drainage, only the mean annual rate of decline for forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity was significantly different from zero (p less than 0.03), and it was significantly different from the mean rate of decline associated with the forces expiratory technique alone (p less than 0.04). We conclude that conventional chest physiotherapy should remain a standard component of therapy in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3171788 TI - Effect of vitamin E deficiency on neurologic function in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - We evaluated neurologic function in 18 patients, ages 5 to 26 years, with cystic fibrosis. Eight were deficient in vitamin E. Sural nerve conduction latency was increased and nerve action potential amplitude decreased in the vitamin E deficient group in comparison with the vitamin E-sufficient group. Two vitamin E deficient patients had absent deep tendon reflexes; findings of clinical neurologic examinations were otherwise normal. We recommend early supplementation with vitamin E for patients with cystic fibrosis who have pancreatic insufficiency, to prevent neurologic dysfunction. PMID- 3171789 TI - Impact of legal intervention on sexually abused children. AB - OBJECTIVE: Examining the psychologic risks of court and related interventions on child sexual abuse victims. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study with follow-up at 5 months. SETTING: Eleven county social service departments in central North Carolina. SUBJECTS: 100 sexually abused children, ages 6 to 17 years, were recruited from consecutive referrals by social service departments; 75 completed the study. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Using a structured psychiatric inventory, the Child Assessment Schedule, we found a high degree of distress at referral. The level of distress fell by 26% over the next 5 months (p less than 0.001). The 33 children not involved in criminal proceedings improved 30%, in comparison with a 17% improvement in the 22 children waiting for the proceedings (p = 0.042). The 12 children who had testified in juvenile court improved 42% on the Anxiety subscale, in comparison with a 17% improvement in all other subjects (p less than 0.01). With mathematical modeling that controlled for the factors of vaginal or anal penetration, the relationship to the perpetrator, an estimate of verbal IQ, duration of abuse, and whether counseling was received, it was estimated that children waiting for court proceedings at the follow-up examination were only one twelfth as likely to have improved by one standard deviation on the Depression subscale (p less than 0.05). A second model revealed that children who testified in juvenile court were 20.11 times more likely to improve by one standard deviation on the CAS Anxiety subscale (p less than 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Testimony in juvenile court may be beneficial for the child, whereas protracted criminal proceedings may have an adverse effect on the mental health of the victim. PMID- 3171790 TI - Rapid intravenous rehydration by means of a single polyelectrolyte solution with or without dextrose. AB - We compared the efficacy and safety of a single polyelectrolyte solution, Dhaka solution (DS), containing 133 mmol/L sodium, 13 mmol/L potassium, 98 mmol/L chloride, and 48 mmol/L acetate with and without 139 mmol/L (25 gm/L) dextrose in the rapid (4 hours) rehydration of 67 patients with diarrhea and moderate or severe dehydration requiring parenteral fluid therapy. Of the 67 patient, 31 were randomly assigned to receive the dextrose-containing solution (DS + D) and 36 DS without dextrose. On admission to the hospital, the two groups of patients were similar with respect to enteric pathogens detected, proportion with hyponatremia, magnitude of dehydration as assessed by clinical criteria, serum protein or creatinine concentration, and plasma glucose levels. At the end of the 4-hour infusion, both groups of patients had similar decreases in serum creatinine and protein levels and similar volume of urine output, but patients receiving DS + D had a significantly higher plasma glucose level than patients receiving DS (7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dl) vs 5.39 mmol/L (97 mg/dl), P less than 0.01). One patient in the DS group had hypoglycemia (plasma glucose 2.0 mmol/L (36 mg/dl) at 4 hours. No other complications were noted. Serum protein values 24 hours after admission were little changed from 4-hour values, suggesting that rehydration was complete at the end of 4 hours. We conclude that, in our patients, rehydration can be carried out safely and rapidly with the use of a single solution and that adding 139 mmol/L (25 gm/L) of dextrose to the solution can prevent hypoglycemia without producing an osmotic diuresis. PMID- 3171792 TI - Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata: clinical, pathologic, and biochemical findings in two patients. AB - The clinical, pathologic, and biochemical features of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata are described in two patients. Although both patients had clinical and radiologic similarities, one patient survived for only 13 days and the other is still alive at 8 years. The most prominent pathologic feature was the marked degenerative change in the chondrocytes from resting cartilage. Fibroblast alkyldihydroxyacetone phosphate synthase activity was markedly reduced in both patients (approximately 10% of control mean); in contrast, dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase activity was only moderately reduced (50% of control mean). Alkyl and alk-l-enyl ether (plasmalogens) levels were very low in brain and liver. The accumulation of phytanic acid observed in plasma or liver was paralleled by a reduced ability of the patients' fibroblasts to oxidize phytanic acid. Our data indicate that the genetic defect in rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata results in abnormalities in two apparently unrelated pathways (i.e., phytanic acid oxidation and ether lipid biosynthesis. PMID- 3171791 TI - Deferoxamine-induced growth retardation in patients with thalassemia major. AB - In the retrospective study reported here, we compared the longitudinal growth in three groups of children with thalassemia major who received a similar transfusion program but different schedules of chelation treatment. In those patients who initiated deferoxamine (DF) administration by daily subcutaneous infusion (50 to 80 mg/kg/day) simultaneously with the beginning of transfusion (at 8 +/- 6 months), mean height at 2 to 6 years of age was significantly reduced in comparison (1) with those patients who initiated DF subcutaneous treatment after 3 years at similar doses and (2) with those who were treated intramuscularly with small doses. In the patients treated at an early stage, those with more marked stunted growth had a clinical and radiologic ricketslike syndrome associated with joint stiffness. Mineral metabolism studies in these patients showed a reduction of hair and leukocyte zinc levels and leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity. Our findings indicate that DF administration at high doses by continuous infusion before iron overload has been established adversely affects longitudinal growth. By contrast, after 3 years of age, even large doses (in the order of 100/mg/kg/day) did not result in growth retardation. The growth retardation observed may be related to chelation of other trace elements, including zinc, in the presence of low iron burden, to the direct toxic effect of unchelated DF by interference with critical iron-dependent enzymes, or both. These results indicate that in patients with thalassemia major, DF administration should be initiated only after iron accumulation is established, namely, around 3 years of age, after 20 to 30 transfusions, which are usually associated with ferritin levels in the range of 800 to 1000 ng/ml. At this age, deferoxamine doses should be established on the basis of iron balance studies and dose response curves. Doses higher than 50 to 60 mg/kg do not adversely affect growth but produce toxic side effects on acoustic and visual pathways and therefore should not be used. Longitudinal growth monitoring of DF-treated patients is warranted. PMID- 3171793 TI - Early coagulopathy in severe iron poisoning. PMID- 3171794 TI - A unique association of short stature, dysmorphic features, and speech impairment (Floating-Harbor syndrome). PMID- 3171796 TI - Lack of effect of having a parent or sibling with inflammatory bowel disease on severity and course of the disease in a child. PMID- 3171797 TI - Effect of booster blood transfusions on oxygen utilization in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. AB - To assess the impact of booster transfusions on oxygen utilization in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, we noninvasively measured oxygen consumption (VO2) and the variables of systemic oxygen transport (SOT) before and 24 hours after transfusion therapy in 10 oxygen-dependent infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The infants had been born with a mean gestational age of 27.6 weeks and a mean birth weight of 0.88 kg. Study weight averaged 1.24 +/- 0.35 kg, and study age averaged 5.5 +/- 2.4 weeks. Requirements for fractional concentration of inspired oxygen averaged 0.41 +/- 0.15 to maintain an oxygen saturation of 0.93 +/- 0.02. The VO2 was measured by means of a commercially available analyzer through a flow-through circuit and pump connected to a hood or in line with the ventilator. Cardiac output was calculated by means of pulsed Doppler ultrasonography. Oxygen saturation was measured by means of transcutaneous pulse oximetry. The coefficient of oxygen utilization was calculated as VO2/SOT. Transfusion consisted of packed erythrocytes (10 ml/kg). Oxygen utilization fell in all subjects after transfusion (p less than 0.01), but it fell more substantially in subjects with higher coefficients of oxygen utilization (r = 0.80, p less than 0.01), suggesting a physiologic benefit in selected patients, particularly those with higher levels of oxygen utilization. There was also a significant increase in overall systemic oxygen transport (p less than 0.01) and decrease in VO2 (p less than 0.02). Hemoglobin levels alone did not correlate with overall systemic oxygen transport, VO2, or level of oxygen use before transfusion, and thus did not predict which subjects would have a physiologic benefit from transfusion as reflected by falls in oxygen utilization. PMID- 3171795 TI - Effect of age and state of wakefulness on transcutaneous oxygen values in preterm infants: a longitudinal study. PMID- 3171799 TI - Early prediction of ultimate outcome in newborn infants with severe respiratory failure. PMID- 3171798 TI - Sequential changes in pulmonary mechanics in the very low birth weight (less than or equal to 1000 grams) infant. AB - Pulmonary function tests were performed on 36 very low birth weight neonates (birth weight less than or equal to 1000 gm, gestational age less than or equal to 30 weeks, appropriate size for gestational age) from birth until 8 weeks of age. Tidal airflow was measured by means of a pneumotachygraph, and the transpulmonary pressure changes were determined by the esophageal balloon technique. Pulmonary mechanics and energetics were calculated by the least mean square analysis technique at 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age. Compliance was lowest at 2 weeks and subsequently increased linearly (at approximately 0.1 ml/cm H2O/wk). When compliance was based on body weight, however, no change was noted with advancing age. Resistance was greatest at 2 weeks and subsequently decreased. The infants maintained a normal minute ventilation with a slightly increased resistive work of breathing. Despite our ability to wean 53% of the infants to room air by 8 weeks, none of them had pulmonary mechanics considered normal for term infants. Infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) had similar patterns of pulmonary development. At 8 weeks of age, the pulmonary mechanics in infants with BPD who had been weaned to room air were comparable to those in infants without BPD, an observation that calls into question the rationale for defining BPD at 4 weeks in this population. These data suggest that such pulmonary function profiles provide evidence of persistent lung parenchymal abnormalities. PMID- 3171801 TI - Palpebral fissure length. PMID- 3171800 TI - Hoarseness in children with neutropenia. PMID- 3171803 TI - Another cause of pharyngotonsillitis. PMID- 3171802 TI - Craniofacial dysmorphism in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. PMID- 3171804 TI - Altitude and birth weight. PMID- 3171805 TI - Urinary acid profiles of asymptomatic propionyl CoA carboxylase deficiency. PMID- 3171806 TI - Differential diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease. PMID- 3171807 TI - Immunoglobulin G subclass deficiencies: should we treat? PMID- 3171808 TI - Management of hyponatremia in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. PMID- 3171809 TI - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 3171810 TI - Preventive intervention to improve children's discrimination of the persuasive tactics in televised advertising. PMID- 3171811 TI - Structural and qualitative aspects of social networks in families with young chronically ill children. PMID- 3171812 TI - Neuropsychological test performance of pediatric cancer patients at diagnosis and one year later. PMID- 3171813 TI - Children with chronic physical disorders: maternal reports of their psychological adjustment. PMID- 3171814 TI - Method of delivery and parent-newborn interaction. PMID- 3171815 TI - Electrophysiological signs of neurocognitive deficits in long-term leukemia survivors. PMID- 3171816 TI - Using the Personality Inventory for Children to identify children with somatoform disorders: MMPI findings revisited. PMID- 3171817 TI - Children's perceptions of physicians and medical care: two measures. PMID- 3171818 TI - Prematurity stereotyping by mothers of premature infants. PMID- 3171819 TI - Child psychopathology and parenting stress in girls and boys having attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. PMID- 3171820 TI - Prediction of intellectual development in young children with early histories of nonorganic failure-to-thrive. PMID- 3171821 TI - Quantitative plating of Histoplasma capsulatum without addition of conditioned medium or siderophores. AB - We have formulated two defined media which yield excellent plating efficiency of the yeast phase of Histoplasma capsulatum. Neither requires the addition of conditioned medium or purified siderophores, although the simpler of the two media includes hemin as a source of solubilized iron. Agarose, rather than conventional agar, is the solidifying agent for both media. Plating efficiency usually exceeds 90% with both North American and Central American isolates of H. capsulatum. PMID- 3171822 TI - The pathogenic potential of Sporotrichum pruinosum isolated from the human respiratory tract. AB - The repeated occurrence of Sporotrichum pruinosum, demonstrated by direct microscopy and culture, is reported from the respiratory tract of three patients who complained of cough, expectoration of sputum, dyspnoea and occasional pyrexia. This observation coupled with the presence of immediate, type I, cutaneous hypersensitivity against S. pruinosum in two of the patients and the ability of the fungus to incite lesions in experimentally infected mice supported an etiologic relationship between the fungus and the patients' symptoms. The macroscopic and microscopic characters of one of the clinical isolates of S. pruinosum are briefly described. It is suggested that the isolation of S. pruinosum from clinical specimens should not be regarded as of no etiologic significance without careful clinical and laboratory evaluation of the patient. PMID- 3171823 TI - Auxotrophic heterozygosities and the ploidy of Candida parapsilosis and Candida krusei. AB - Evidence is presented that the type strain of Candida parapsilosis, ATCC 22019, is heterozygous MET/met and that Candida krusei Y 10930 is heterozygous URA/ura. This URA gene determines orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase activity. Because each of these strains is demonstrably disomic for at least one chromosome, they are not haploid but must be diploid or aneuploid. PMID- 3171824 TI - Development of normal ocular alignment. AB - Ocular alignment was examined in a large population of normal infants to determine the prevalence of various motility findings at ages ranging from birth to 10 months. Exodeviations were frequently seen up to the age of 6 months. Esodeviations were occasionally seen in infants who did not go on to develop congenital esotropia, but not after 2 months of age. It is unclear whether precursors of pathologic strabismus, such as congenital esotropia, can be distinguished from these transient ocular deviations seen in normal infants. However, any strabismus persisting after the ages listed above should be considered abnormal and receive ophthalmologic evaluation. PMID- 3171825 TI - Binocular vision. AB - Sensory correspondence, which forms the foundation for binocular vision, is a central activity of the cortex at the perceptual level and can occur with or without an anatomic proximity of corresponding points on the same cerebral hemisphere. Dysjunctive eye movement (fusional movements) can occur only with an anatomic proximity of corresponding points on the same cerebral hemisphere. PMID- 3171826 TI - Measurement of vertical deviations in different gaze positions in patients with a superior oblique palsy. AB - Objective measurements in eight consecutive patients with an isolated congenital superior oblique palsy using a head tilt technique, with gaze directed toward a fixed distance target, and a second technique with gaze directed at a movable near object in different fields of gaze each identified the same oblique position of maximal vertical deviation. We call the latter technique "field-directed." In distinction to the controversy that exists as to which method correctly diagnoses an isolated superior oblique palsy, either technique can be used to direct the surgical correction of this palsy. Superimposing a head tilt on the field directed technique affected measurements in 16 of the 20 instances where tested. Despite the necessity of avoiding an inadvertent head tilt the field-directed technique is considerably easier to perform and more comfortable for the patient to endure in determining the position of maximal vertical deviation. PMID- 3171827 TI - Acquired Brown's syndrome caused by frontal sinus osteoma. AB - A 32-year-old man had a history of acquired Brown's syndrome associated with diplopia, proptosis, downward displacement of the globe, and lid edema. A CT scan of the orbit revealed an osteoma arising from the left frontal sinus and extending into the left orbit. After surgical extirpation the proptosis and diplopia disappeared and the globe returned to normal. To our knowledge, such a case has not been reported previously. PMID- 3171828 TI - Screening of school-aged hearing impaired children. AB - Three hundred sixty hearing-impaired students were screened for visual problems, including Usher's syndrome, with a complete ophthalmologic exam and electroretinography (ERG). Over 25% were found to have a significant refractive error, and approximately 32% had one or more pathologic findings. Overall, 43% either had a significant refractive error or pathologic finding. The incidence of Usher's syndrome was estimated to be between 1.1% and 1.9% in the hearing impaired student population. The results emphasize the need for a complete ophthalmologic examination, and possible ERG testing, in the hearing impaired student population. PMID- 3171829 TI - Wave form characteristics of vertical oscillations in longstanding vision loss. AB - Eye movement recordings were collected on ten patients who had monocular vertical oscillations of their eye with longstanding vision loss. Amplitude of the oscillations ranged from 3 degrees to 50 degrees. Frequencies ranged from .12 to 5 cycles/second and were inversely correlated with amplitudes. Three subjects appeared to have two wave forms superposed on one another. Depending on which of these wave forms we use in analysis, there may be a correlation between oscillation amplitude and duration of vision loss. Presence of the two wave forms is discussed in terms of their possible etiologic relationship with the vertical drift phenomenon. PMID- 3171830 TI - Compliance with a standard of care for retinopathy of prematurity in one neonatal intensive care unit. AB - Standards of care are an integral part of providing safe and proper health care to the public. One such standard is the screening of premature infants for retinopathy of prematurity. In a retrospective chart review of 67 infants in an intensive care nursery, a high incidence of non-compliance with the standard was found in infants with over 1251-g birth weight, but that infants under 1251-g birth weight and eligible for participation in an investigation of retinopathy of prematurity had a high degree of compliance with the standard. These findings resulted in the adoption of recommendations to improve compliance with the standard. PMID- 3171831 TI - Cystoid macular edema in pediatric aphakia. AB - The presence of cystoid macular edema (CME) after cataract extraction in the pediatric age group could adversely affect rapid visual rehabilitation of the eye by contributing to irreversible amblyopia. Several previous studies, including one by our group, have addressed this problem. Hoyt's observations of CME in ten of 27 eyes undergoing lensectomy-vitrectomy procedures have stirred renewed interest in this topic. The current study includes 12 eyes undergoing lensectomy vitrectomy procedures, five eyes undergoing manual extracapsular procedures (ECCE) with discission of the posterior capsule, three eyes undergoing ECCE without discission of the posterior capsule, and three eyes undergoing secondary discissions. No CME was found angiographically on postoperative evaluation. PMID- 3171832 TI - True charity and professional life: a patient advocacy program. AB - The Patient Advocacy Program, built on an already existing, sympathetic hospital staff, has placed added emphasis on the physician-patient relationship which recently has been obscured by increasing technology, mechanization, and third party process. Furthermore, the Patient Advocacy Program stresses that the patient is the most important reason for the focus of the physician and staff. We have tried to exhibit not only true professionalism, but also true charity, by giving more than is expected and in return receiving an appreciative and satisfying response from patients, parents, and responsible parties. PMID- 3171834 TI - Torsion preventing fusion in bilateral superior oblique palsies. PMID- 3171833 TI - Ocular vicarious menstruation. AB - Vicarious menstruation represents cyclical bleeding in extragenital organs during a normal menstrual cycle. We present an unusual case of ocular vicarious menstruation (bloody tears) in a 17-year-old girl. The indications and treatment of this rare disorder are discussed. PMID- 3171835 TI - Evaluation of strabismus surgery by reoperation rate. PMID- 3171837 TI - Papers presented at the 19th annual meeting of the Canadian Association of Paediatric Surgeons. Manitoba, Canada, September 9-12, 1987. PMID- 3171836 TI - The use of lasers in pediatric surgery. AB - This report is a condensation of the Fred McLoed Lecture given at the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association of Paediatric Surgeons. It briefly cites the basic fundamentals of lasers, the characteristics of those used in surgery, and their delivery systems. The advantages of laser surgery include the sealing of blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerve ends when used for cutting. This results in a relatively dry field of surgery and less postoperative pain. There is reduced opportunity for contaminants in a clean wound, and no spreading of infection in a contaminated one. Surgery can be carried out in confined areas in a drier field of view, and can be brought to small areas by fiberoptic cables. Highly precise and localized microsurgery is possible. The use of lasers is indicated in operations where significant blood loss is expected and in patients with bleeding tendencies. It is useful in surgery for malignant disease and through highly infected tissue. Other general indications are discussed. Specific surgical procedures where lasers have been useful include treatment of hemangiomas, surgery of the tongue, repair of pectus excavatum, partial splenectomy and splenic repair, hepatic lobectomy and hepatic repair, and resection of adrenal tumors. Lasers have also been useful in partial nephrectomy, excision biopsy, revision or closure of ileostomy or colostomy, endorectal mucosectomy, posterior sagittal anorectoplasty, treatment of condyloma acuminata, burn wound debridement, and infected tissue debridement. Anticipated uses include vascular, biliary tract, and intestinal repair and anastomoses, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of neoplasms. PMID- 3171838 TI - A twenty-year experience with thyroid carcinoma in children. AB - During the past 20 years, 23 patients (7 males, 16 females) were operated on for thyroid carcinoma in our institution. The average age was 13.6 years (range, 22 months to 27 years). Our series includes papillary carcinoma in 11, follicular carcinoma in four, and medullary thyroid carcinoma in eight patients. Follow-up ranged from 8 months to 20.3 years, with an average of 7.5 years for well differentiated carcinomas and 4.3 years for medullary thyroid carcinomas. All patients are presently alive with no evidence of progressive disease. Patients with papillary and follicular carcinomas underwent partial thyroidectomy; those with medullary carcinoma underwent total thyroidectomy. Serious complications included three permanent hypoparathyroidism and two tracheostomies, all after secondary neck explorations. The overall results observed in our series of patients seem to support the current conservative approach to well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma, reserving total thyroidectomy for medullary cancer of the thyroid. A more aggressive search for familial medullary carcinoma through use of pentagastrin stimulation leads to early detection and more effective therapy. PMID- 3171839 TI - Staging laparotomy for Hodgkin's disease in children. AB - Staging laparotomy in patients with Hodgkin's disease continues to be a controversial procedure in their management. Between 1970 and 1986, 67 patients up to 18 years of age were seen with Hodgkin's disease. The results of staging laparotomy performed on 39 of these children are reviewed. The clinical stage was changed as a result of laparotomy in 43.6% of cases, with 12.8% of cases upstaged and 30.8% of cases downstaged. All changes in stage modified the proposed treatment for the patient. In 20.5% of patients the laparotomy was positive, and in all cases the spleen was involved. Preoperative lymphangiography did not accurately identify nodal disease. Of the patients with negative laparotomies, 10% developed relapse in the abdomen. Major complications included three episodes of bacterial sepsis, with one death due to Streptococcal pneumonia and one to Neisseria gonorrhea. All septic events occurred prior to the use of pneumococcal vaccine and prophylactic antibiotics. One patient required reoperation for intestinal obstruction with bowel resection. None of the currently used noninvasive tests accurately identifies intraabdominal disease. Therefore, staging laparotomy continues to play an important role in the early management of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3171840 TI - Nipple discharge and breast lump related to Montgomery's tubercles in adolescent females. AB - Four adolescent girls, aged 12 to 14 years, were seen for evaluation of spontaneous nipple discharge, two of whom had associated breast lumps in the ipsilateral breast. Clinical examination showed the discharge to be arising from one or several of Montgomery's areolar tubercles, with the breast lumps localized to the subareolar region immediately beneath the discharging tubercle. The secretions were episodic, thin, varied in color from clear to brown, but were not milky. All discharges resolved within 3 to 5 weeks, and the associated breast lumps resolved within 4 months without treatment. There were no associated clinical complaints or physical findings and detailed endocrinologic assessments including serum prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid function tests, and 17 beta estradiol; they were all normal. None of these patients was pregnant, and follow-up from 4 to 18 months did not reveal evidence of recurrence or other pathology. Experience gained from these four cases suggests that cysts and spontaneous, non-milky discharge related to Montgomery's tubercles in otherwise healthy, nonpregnant adolescent females, represents a benign, self-limiting problem. Unless other indications are present, endocrinologic investigation is unnecessary and spontaneous resolution can be expected. PMID- 3171841 TI - Complications of the Martin procedure for total colonic aganglionosis. AB - From 1976 to 1986 inclusive, 122 patients were cared for with Hirschsprung's disease. Sixteen of these were treated for total colonic aganglionosis, with or without small bowel involvement. The male to female ratio was 2.2:1. Two children died prior to definitive surgical therapy and two others were transferred following initial therapy. Twelve children underwent Martin's procedure with a 0% mortality rate and an 81.8% morbidity rate. This study would indicate, as do others, that even though the Martin procedure can safely be performed, the long term results require close scrutiny. A re-evaluation of this procedure and its alternatives is necessary in order to improve long-term results. PMID- 3171842 TI - Timing of surgery for congenital diaphragmatic hernia: is emergency operation necessary? AB - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is considered by most researchers to be a surgical emergency. However, early repair does not necessarily improve respiratory function or reverse fetal circulation, and many patients deteriorate postoperatively. As a result, in 1985, we began to employ a protocol in which surgery was delayed until the PCO2 was maintained below 40 and the child was hemodynamically stable; children in whom these criteria could not be achieved died without surgical repair. Sixty-one consecutive infants with CDH were managed over 4 years; 31 from 1983 to 1984 (group 1) and 30 from 1985 to 1986 (group 2). The groups were similar with respect to sex, side of the defect, birth weight, gestational age, incidence of pneumothorax, and blood gases. High frequency oscillation was used with increasing frequency during the study period, for patients with refractory hypercarbia (13% in group 1, 30% in group 2). All patients were initially paralyzed and ventilated. Mean time from admission to surgery was 4.1 hours in group 1 and 24.4 hours in group 2 (P less than .05). In group 1, 87% of patients had surgical repair (77% within eight hours of admission, 10% after eight hours), and in group 2 only 70% of patients had surgery (10% within eight hours, 60% after eight hours). All patients who were not operated on died. Overall mortality was 58% in group 1 and 50% in group 2; this difference was not statistically significant. These data indicate that our current approach has not increased overall mortality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171843 TI - The late-presenting pediatric Bochdalek hernia: a 20-year review. AB - A 20-year retrospective study was made of children with congenital posterolateral (Bochdalek) hernias presenting more than 8 weeks after birth. The records of 26 patients (16 boys and 10 girls) were evaluated. Sixteen infants and children (62%) were originally misdiagnosed clinically and radiologically as having either infective lung changes, congenital lung cysts, or pneumothoraces; inappropriate thoracentesis occurred in four patients misdiagnosed as having a pneumothorax. Five patients had previously normal chest radiographs. The most useful investigation was a plain radiograph following passage of a nasogastric tube. Coexisting abnormalities (in particular, gut malfixation and malrotation) were common. All patients except one were operated on within days of presentation, and as emergencies if symptoms were acute. More than one third of our patients were left with a smaller than normal ipsilateral lung after their diaphragmatic hernia repair, and these lungs must be considered hypoplastic to some degree. Chest tubes made no difference in the lung's eventual expansion. Two deaths occurred as a result of acute cardiorespiratory arrest in previously well children. Therefore, the symptoms, signs, and radiologic findings of patients with diaphragmatic hernias presenting after the neonatal period may be difficult to interpret, and may result in diagnostic delay, misguided therapy, and a potentially fatal outcome. PMID- 3171844 TI - Congenital tracheal stenosis: a review of 22 patients from 1965 to 1987. AB - Twenty-two infants with congenital tracheal stenosis (CTS) were treated in our hospital between 1965 and 1987. Diagnosis was confirmed by endoscopic and radiographic methods. Patients had a spectrum of tracheobronchial lesions from localized stenosis to more complex deformities involving the carina and bronchi. Other anomalies were found in all patients with the occurrence of vascular slings or rings in 11 patients (50%). Six infants treated nonoperatively died from severe CTS and other lethal anomalies. Five of 16 patients (31%) treated surgically survived. Localized CTS in four cases was treated by dilatation, tracheostomy, or tracheal resection with primary anastomosis (two survivors, 2 non-survivors). Funnel-shaped deformities and extensive tracheobroncial stenosis were treated by tracheal reconstruction using a variety of autogenous tissue and prosthetic grafts (three survivors, nine non-survivors). The overall mortality was 77%. A new intratracheal stent was used in two patients. The stent was a flexible steel spring covered with a silicone rubber sheath. In one patient, it was placed within the trachea at the time of repair and removed later with the bronchoscope. A stent was used in a second patient with intermittent airway obstruction following an esophageal tracheoplasty. In this case, the device failed to alleviate the obstruction, and the infant expired from progressive respiratory failure. Issues of importance in the management of infants with CTS are: (1) adequate evaluation of the tracheobronchial tree, (2) awareness that tracheobronchography may precipitate further respiratory decompensation, (3) assessment of vascular and other anomalies requiring surgical correction, and (4) selection of an appropriate therapeutic approach. PMID- 3171845 TI - Plication of the diaphragm for infants and young children with phrenic nerve palsy. AB - Phrenic nerve palsy (PNP) is seen in infants and young children usually resulting from operative trauma or birth injury. Spontaneous recovery usually occurs, but occasionally surgical plication is necessary. Twenty-three cases of PNP over a 10 year period were managed surgically. Patient ages ranged from 1 day to 30 months (median, 4 months), 18 were male and five female. Cause was operative trauma in 18 (17 cardiac surgery, one neuroblastoma), birth trauma in two, and idiopathic in three. The right side was involved in 14, the left in eight, and both in one. Indications for plication were inability to wean from the ventilator (group 1, 16 patients), recurrent pneumonia (group 2, four patients), and respiratory distress (group 3, three patients). The 16 patients in group 1 were intubated for a median of 18.5 days from onset of PNP to plication. Postoperatively, three had continuing congestive heart failure (one died at 16 days of age, one was still chronically ventilated at 22 months, one was extubated at nine days); the other 13 were extubated at a median of two days postoperatively. All the patients in groups 2 and 3 were extubated within two days of surgery. Twelve plications were transthoracic and 11 were transabdominal. Postoperative complications included pneumonia (2), wound infection (1), pneumothorax (2), and mucous plug with pulmonary collapse (1). One patient died of cardiac failure at 16 days. One patient in group 3 developed recurrent respiratory distress 4 months postoperatively; he had a recurrent elevated hemidiaphragm requiring a second plication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171846 TI - Neurenteric cysts--a spectrum. AB - This review encompasses seven patients with clinically important cystic lesions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, exhibiting a wide range of vertebral anomalies and connections to the neural canal. Three patients had mediastinal masses connected to lower cervical and upper thoracic anomalous vertebrae with intraspinal extensions. In addition, one of these patients had a separate, juxtapancreatic intestinal duplication cyst. One infant with colonic duplication had a lumbar vertebral anomaly and an epithelial-lined tract between the two. Another patient had a presacral cystic mass which was the site of recurrent infections and meningitis until a connection with the rectum was divided. A newborn baby had a completely split notochord syndrome with a large dorsal enteric fistula. Finally, one patient had a dorsal enteric cyst with a direct intraspinal connection. Four of the seven patients had associated significant congenital anomalies, two of whom died early in the neonatal period. The rest of the patients did well. This broad range of enteric lesions with associated vertebral and intraspinal abnormalities suggests that the clinical spectrum of neurenteric cystic lesions is much wider than is generally appreciated. PMID- 3171847 TI - Inflammatory pseudotumors in children. AB - Inflammatory pseudotumors are so named because they mimic malignant tumors clinically and radiologically. Most often seen in the lungs of young adults, they consist of localized proliferations of mononuclear inflammatory cells and myofibroblasts. There are scattered reports of these tumors occurring in various sites in children. We report five cases of these rare lesions in children; four arising intraabdominally and one in the lung. In contrast to the usual presentation in adulthood, these children were all previously healthy. One child, with the tumor arising from the urinary bladder, was originally diagnosed as having a malignant sarcoma and underwent pelvic exenteration and chemotherapy for this subsequently-proven benign lesion. Local recurrence occurred in one case. Total excision is indicated and is usually possible without unacceptable morbidity. Our cases and a review of the literature point out the importance of pathologic differentiation of these lesions from malignancy with early appropriate surgery. PMID- 3171848 TI - Fibrous hamartoma of infancy. AB - Fibrous hamartoma of infancy is an uncommon, benign, subcutaneous fibrous proliferation, usually found during the first 2 years of life. It predominantly affects healthy boys and can be found in almost any subcutaneous tissue. This tumor can cause much concern about malignancy because it is firm and may be fixed to underlying tissues. Despite the occasional local recurrence, the clinical course is benign and the prognosis is excellent. Treatment is by local excision. The diagnosis is made easily by the characteristic histologic features. In order to avoid the misdiagnosis of malignancy and unnecessary radical therapy, both surgeon and pathologist must be familiar with this entity. We have reviewed six cases of fibrous hamartoma of infancy seen over a 5-year period. PMID- 3171849 TI - Paraesophageal hernia after Nissen fundoplication: a real complication in pediatric patients. AB - Eighty-nine pediatric patients aged 6 weeks to 20 years (mean, 3.8 years) who underwent Nissen fundoplication were reviewed. Follow-up, including upper gastrointestinal (GI) series, was obtained in 55 patients (61.8%). Fifteen patients developed paraesophageal hernia (PEH) (16.8%). PEH was diagnosed between 4 and 36 months following fundoplication (mean, 17 months). Patients were divided into three groups: A, those with significant mental dysfunction (45); B, those with previous tracheoesophageal fistula (12); and C, others (32). Incidence of PEH is 20% for group A, 16.8% group B, and 12.5% group C. Combining groups B and C, 5 of 25 patients (20%) who underwent fundoplication at less than 1 year of age developed PEH, whereas one of 19 older patients (5.3%) developed PEH. One of 25 patients (4%) who had crural repair at fundoplication developed PEH, whereas 14 of 64 patients without crural repair (21.9%) developed PEH. At surgery, PEH occurred at the left posterolateral aspect of esophagus. We conclude that (1) follow-up after fundoplication should continue for 36 months and include upper GI series; (2) patients under one year of age undergoing fundoplication may be at a higher risk for PEH; and (3) technical refinement including crural repair may be required to prevent PEH. PMID- 3171850 TI - Whole bowel irrigation in pediatric patients: a comparison of irrigating solutions. AB - The effect of whole bowel irrigation (WBI) with a polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (PEG-ELS; 27 children) was compared to the WBI with two electrolytic solutions: normal saline with added potassium chloride (NS; 25 children) and Ringer's injection (RI; 29 children). The PEG-ELS required less volume and time, and did not cause the weight gain, hemodilution, and hyperchloremia associated with use of the electrolytic solutions. A balanced PEG ELS is preferred in WBI of children. PMID- 3171851 TI - Successful cryotherapy of a benign tracheal neoplasm. AB - A 10-year-old black male with a 6-month history of progressive dyspnea and stridor was found to have a submucosal mass occupying 75% of the subglottic airway. Biopsy specimens showed a pleomorphic adenoma of minor salivary gland origin--a tumor with a predilection for local recurrence after resection. A tracheostomy was performed for airway control and the lesion was treated with endotracheal cryotherapy. Two months later, the tracheostomy was removed and the patient has remained asymptomatic for 9 years. Pulmonary function studies 2 years following cryotherapy demonstrated a forced vital capacity (FVC) of 81% predicted, and a forced expiratory volume-one second (FEV-1) of 73% predicted. Bronchoscopy with biopsy at 5 years showed no evidence of recurrent airway obstruction or persistent tumor. This represents the first reported case of successful treatment of an airway tumor in a child utilizing profound cryotherapy. The case illustrates the utility of endotracheal cryotherapy in the treatment of certain benign and malignant obstructing lesions of the airway in children. PMID- 3171852 TI - The use of cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest in the resection of massive tumors. AB - This report describes our experience in five cases, removing a massive soft tissue tumor by means of placing the patient on cardiopulmonary bypass, with profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest. This technique allowed consideration to be given to the resection of tumors previously adjudged "inoperable." PMID- 3171853 TI - Osteomyelitis of the cervical spine presenting as a neurenteric cyst. AB - A healthy 3-week-old baby girl developed a cyanotic spell that required intubation and ventilation. During part of her initial emergency examination and treatment, a neck mass was felt, and a positive blood culture grew staphylococcus aureus. She was transferred to the ICU, and was ventilated and treated with intravenous cloxacillin. Bronchoscopy showed a paralyzed left cord. Computerized tomography (CT) scan of her neck showed a midline mediastinal mass (behind the compressed trachea and esophagus), that extended from C7 to the carina. Because of the suspicion of an abnormal C7 vertebral body, diagnosis of a neurenteric cyst was made, and a myelogram showed a complete block at the T1 level and an absent C7 vertebral body. There were no neurologic signs. Her right knee then became red and swollen, and x-rays showed a lytic area in the distal femur. This knee was explored under general anesthesia, and an osteomyelitis found and drained. Several days later, a barium swallow showed the mediastinal mass pushing the esophagus to the left, but several more cervical vertebrae were "missing," and the diagnosis of osteomyelitis of the cervical spine was confirmed. The mediastinal staphylococcal abscess was then drained through the neck. Follow-up has been unremarkable over the last 4 years. PMID- 3171854 TI - Incarcerated congenital lumbar hernia associated with the lumbocostovertebral syndrome. AB - Congenital lumbar hernias are uncommon, with only thirty-three reported cases. They have been associated with the lumbocostovertebral syndrome. This report describes a patient with a congenital lumbar hernia and manifestations of the lumbocostovertebral syndrome. The diagnosis of the hernia was delayed due to its juxtaposition to a posterior meningomyelocele, resulting in incarceration. The patient's course was also complicated by recurrence of the lumbar hernia requiring prosthetic repair. PMID- 3171855 TI - Plasma free and sulfoconjugated catecholamines during acute asphyxia in the sheep fetus--relation to cardiovascular parameters. AB - Changes of free and sulfoconjugated catecholamines were measured radioenzymatically during a 5 minute period of acute asphyxia in chronically instrumented sheep fetuses (n = 5). Due to total reduction of uterine blood flow asphyxia as well as metabolic acidosis developed (pH = 6.94 +/- 0.02; Pco2 = 98 +/- 8 mmHG; lactate = 7.1 +/- 0.3 mmol/l). Peak concentrations of free catecholamines were reached after 3 minutes; free NE increased 60-fold, free E 370-fold and free DA 13-fold as compared to control values. Concomitantly, sulfoconjugated catecholamines rose markedly and were 40-fold (NE), 300-fold (E) and 10-fold (DA) higher when compared to the control period. Thus, the results reveal that the fetal sulfoconjugating system is very effective and able to match high concentrations of free catecholamines entering the circulation. After release of occlusion, free and sulfoconjugated catecholamines decreased with a half life time of 2.5 to 4.3 minutes during the initial 10 minutes. A close correlation could be demonstrated between free catecholamines and fetal arterial blood pressure, however, with interference of the effects of desoxygenation on the myocard. Moreover, fetal tachycardia is related to circulating catecholamines, especially E, during the postasphyxial period. Our results suggest, that in unstressed, normoxic fetuses the cardiovascular system is able to maintain basic functions (heart rate and blood pressure) during asphyxia for 5 minutes. In this context, a maximal sympathoadrenal stimulation with secretion of free catecholamines seems to be essential. PMID- 3171857 TI - In utero thyroxine therapy for the induction of fetal lung maturity: long term effects. AB - Intra-amniotic thyroxine has been used for the induction of fetal lung maturity. The long term effects of this therapy was evaluated in a group of eighteen preschool children, 5 to 6 years of age, whose mothers received intra-amniotic thyroxine during the last trimester of their gestation. Eleven children born during the same time period were selected as controls. The children were all clinically well with no evidence of growth or endocrine abnormalities. Neurological assessment was normal and psychomotor development was in the normal range for our population and did not differ from the control subjects. Intra amniotic thyroxine administered during the last trimester of gestation did not appear to have any significant long term detrimental effects in the treated patients. PMID- 3171856 TI - Uric acid levels: a useful index of the severity of preeclampsia and perinatal prognosis. AB - Maximum serum uric acid (SUA) levels during the third trimester of pregnancy were selected in 215 hypertensive pregnant women: 100 with mild preeclampsia (PE), 25 with severe PE, 70 with essential hypertension (EH) and 20 with EH with superimposed PE (EH + PE). The increase in SUA levels was statistically significant in women with severe PE (6.22 mg% +/- 1.30 mg%) and with EH + PE (6.09 mg% +/- 1.53 mg%) when compared with values in mild PE and EH women (4.85 mg% +/- 1.34 mg% and 4.95 mg% +/- 1.22 mg%, respectively). A significant decrease in average gestational age at delivery and a greater percentage of small-for gestational age newborns were observed in women with severe PE and EH + PE, compared with patients with mild PE and EH. No correlation within the groups was found between SUA levels and fetal weight. To conclude, the determination of SUA concentration for the clinical screening of a pregnancy complicated by hypertension is an easy and inexpensive method for the prediction of perinatal results associated with severe PE. PMID- 3171858 TI - Fetal arrhythmia associated with sinus node dysfunction--a case report. AB - Real time and M-mode echocardiography were used for evaluation of fetal bradycardia. Sinus bradycardia was revealed without structural abnormalities. An abdominal wall derived fetal electrocardiogram and the failure of the sinus rate to increase in response to maternal exercise or I.V. atropine suggested sinus node dysfunction. Postnatal evaluation revealed sinus bradycardia with blunted response to I.V. atropine and an abnormal sinus node recovery time. A gradual increase in heart rate was demonstrated in the neonatal period, possibly due to decrease in vagal tone. PMID- 3171859 TI - Perinatal mortality in twin pregnancy: an analysis of birth weight-specific mortality rates and adjusted mortality rates for birth weight distributions. AB - The objective of this study is to compare the fetal mortality rate (FMR), early neonatal mortality rate (ENMR) and perinatal mortality rate (PMR) of twin and single births. It is based on a survey which was carried out in 22 Hospital Centers in Spain in 1980, and covered 1,956 twins born and 110,734 singletons born. The FMR in twins was 36.3/1000 and 8.8/1000 for singletons. The ENMR in twins was 36.1/1000 and 5.7/1000 for singletons. The PMR in twins was 71.1/1000 and 14.4/1000 for singletons. When birthweight-specific PMR in twin and singletons births are compared, there were no differences between the rates for groups 500-999 g and 1000-1499 g. For birthweight groups of 1500-1999 g (124.4 vs 283.8/1000) and 2000-2999 g (29.6 vs 73.2/1000) the rates for twins were about twice lower than those for single births. The PMR for 2500 g and over birthweight was about twice higher in twins than in singletons (12.5 vs 5.5/1000). After we adjusted for birthweight there was a difference in the FMR (12.6 vs 9.8/1000) and the PMR (19.1 vs 16.0/1000, and no difference in the ENMR between twins and singletons (5.9 vs 6.4/1000), indicating that most of the differences among crude rates are due to differences in distribution of birthweight. PMID- 3171860 TI - Blood pressure measurements in very low birth weight infants over the first week of life. AB - Intra-arterial blood pressure measurements recorded during the first week of life in 32 stable very low birth weight infants (20 of birth weight up to 1250 g and 12 with birth weight 1251-1500 g) were reviewed. None of the infants received inotropic drugs or were given infusions of colloids to manipulate the blood pressure during the periods from which the recordings were taken. The mean systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure measurements for infants of birth weight greater than 1250 g were significantly higher than those recorded in the infants of birth weight of up to 1250 g (figure 1). The mean blood pressure (calculated by adding one third of the pulse pressure to the diastolic pressure) in the larger infants showed a significant increase with increasing postnatal age, but this increase was not apparent in the smaller infants (figure 2). Figure 3 shows the range of systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure values that were recorded. The mean values were remarkably constant with diastolic blood pressure varying between 31 and 34 mmHg, mean blood pressure between 35 mmHg and 40 mmHg, and systolic blood pressure between 46 mmHg and 52 mmHg. Intra-arterial lines provide a convenient and accurate route for blood pressure monitoring. It is important that a normal range of blood pressure values in the very low birth weight infant is established so that hypotension, with the potential risk of cerebral ischemia, can be avoided. PMID- 3171861 TI - The relationship of hypoxia to hypoxanthine concentration during pregnancy and delivery. AB - The concentration of hypoxanthine in plasma was suggested as an indicator of hypoxic conditions in newborns. We examined the concentration of hypoxanthine in maternal venous as well as in umbilical cord blood during pregnancy and during and after labor. The concentration of hypoxanthine in the cubital venous blood of nonpregnant healthy women and in healthy pregnant women and in women with complicated pregnancies was the similar. During birth there is an increase of the hypoxanthine concentration in maternal blood. This could be caused by the muscular work involved in giving birth (contraction, pushing, breathing). The values increased from 2.0-4.1 mumol/l in normal and abnormal pregnancy up to values of 9.4-11.8 mumol/l immediately after delivery. At the end of delivery the level of hypoxanthine is higher in the venous blood of the mother than in the umbilical blood. The concentration of hypoxanthine in umbilical venous blood and umbilical arterial blood did not show any significant differences. When clinical symptoms of hypoxia (depressed state of the neonate, high Thiringer asphyxia score, low Apgar score) were observed in the neonate, the hypoxanthine concentration in the umbilical vessels was increased (normal 4.7 mumol(l; slightly depressed 7.6 mumol/l, severely depressed 10 mumol/l). PMID- 3171862 TI - Ultrastructural observations on bacterial invasion in cementum and radicular dentin of periodontally diseased human teeth. AB - In this study the bacterial invasion in root cementum and radicular dentin of periodontally diseased, caries-free human teeth was examined. In addition, structural changes in these tissues, which could be related to the bacterial invasion, were reported. Twenty-one caries-free human teeth with extensive periodontal attachment loss were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. At the base of the gingival pocket, bacteria were found in the spaces between remnants of Sharpey's fibers and their point of insertion in the cementum. In teeth that had been scaled and root planed, most of the root cementum had been removed. Bacterial invasion was found in the remaining root cementum. The invasion seemed to start as a localized process, often involving only one bacterium. In other areas bacteria were present in lacunar defects in the cementum. These lacunae extended into the radicular dentin. In 11 teeth bacteria had invaded the dentinal tubules. Most bacteria were located in the outer 300 microns of the dentinal tubules, although occasionally they were found in deeper parts. In two of the nontreated teeth, bacteria were detected on the pulpal wall. No correlation was found between the presence of bacterial invasion and the absence of radicular cementum. No bacteria were found in the portion of the root located apically to the epithelial attachment. These data are in agreement with our results from cultural studies of the bacterial flora in these structures. It was also demonstrated that in spite of meticulous scaling and root planning and personal oral hygiene, bacterial plaque remained present on radicular surfaces. Both the invaded dentinal tubules and the lacunae could act as bacterial reservoirs from which recolonization of treated root surfaces occurs. From these reservoirs bacteria could also induce pulpal pathoses. Since these bacterial reservoirs are not eliminated by conventional mechanical periodontal treatment, it seems appropriate to combine mechanical periodontal therapy with the use of chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 3171863 TI - Detection and distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in the primary dentition. AB - The occurrence of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.) in plaque samples from the primary dentition was studied in 55 healthy Finnish children from four to seven years of age. A.a. was isolated in seven (13%) children, four boys and three girls. A further examination of the distribution and infection level of A.a. in the oral cavity of five of the A.a.-positive children revealed that A.a. was found in 26 of 45 plaque samples (7-10 samples from each child) and in all samples obtained from the dorsum of the tongue. The individual detection rates of A.a. were 3/7, 5/10, 6/10, 6/10 and 6/8 of the dental sites examined. A.a. occurred in 9/10 of the second primary molars, 8/10 of the first primary molars, 5/10 of the cuspids, 4/8 of the upper incisors and in none of the lower incisors examined. The proportions of A.a. within the dentition had a wide range. In 58% of the A.a.-positive samples, the proportions were less than 1%, and none exceeded 10% of the flora. Gingival bleeding after sampling with floss occurred more than twice as frequently in the A.a.-positive as in the A.a.-negative sites (16%/42%). The results indicate that A.a. was a rather frequent member of the oral flora in the children with primary teeth. The primary molars and the dorsum of the tongue seemed to be preferred sites for A.a. More than one site should be sampled to determine the infection level of A.a. within the dentition. PMID- 3171864 TI - An evaluation of new attachment formation using a microfibrillar collagen barrier. AB - The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of microfibrillar collagen as a barrier to prevent epithelial migration and allow for guided tissue regeneration. Fourteen study teeth were selected. Mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated and roots were debrided and planed. Avitene was placed over teeth and alveolar bone. Flaps were then sutured over it. At control sites no Avitene was placed. At 90 days, block sections were obtained and processed for histologic and histometric evaluation. Results revealed that all specimens had a long junctional epithelial attachment. New attachment was present within the area of the root notch at the original level of the alveolar bone, and there was no significant difference in mean connective tissue attachment between the control and experimental specimens (P = 0.614). Avitene did not form an effective barrier to epithelial migration nor did it allow for guided tissue regeneration and significant new attachment formation in humans. PMID- 3171865 TI - Comparison of scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the epithelial pocket wall in juvenile and adult periodontitis. AB - Using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, this study compared fine structural features of the pocket walls in both juvenile and adult periodontitis (JP and AP, respectively) in 40 cases. Gingiva was also obtained from a control group consisting of periodontally noninvolved teeth. Clinical parameters were assessed in both JP and AP patients as well as in controls. Clinical findings showed low plaque accumulation, marked periodontal tissue destruction and less gingival inflammation in JP. Bone destruction and attachment loss were more marked in JP than in AP. AP had a higher plaque index and more evident gingival inflammation. SEM observations of JP as compared to AP showed gross distortions in pocket walls, an increased beaded appearance of microridges, and separation between pocket epithelial cells. TEM showed partially desquamated and separated superficial epithelial cells, but only in JP were fine granular precipitates observed in the intercellular spaces. The observations demonstrated structural features indicative of more prominent degenerative changes in JP than in AP. Also, these features were coincidental with a higher plaque index in AP than in JP, where clinical features (including a low plaque index) were not proportional to the epithelial destructive changes present. PMID- 3171866 TI - Rapidly progressive acute periodontal infection in a patient with acute leukemia. AB - The clinical course of an adult patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia and localized, rapidly progressive periodontal disease in a setting of marrow regeneration is described. Initial presentation of this condition was consistent with herpes simplex virus infection involving the gingiva; however, more extensive evaluation including radiographs, cultures and biopsy revealed necrotic tissue, nonspecific bacterial growth and acute gingival inflammation, with no evidence of viral infection. While most acute oral infections in chemotherapy patients occur during the development of marrow aplasia, this lesion initially developed late during the marrow recovery phase. The characteristics of this lesion are compared with those occurring in noncancer patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis and who have genetically governed neutrophil and/or lymphocyte defects. PMID- 3171867 TI - [Attempt at determining the fragmentary constant (f) of the sulfonylurea groups]. PMID- 3171868 TI - Preparation of some N-alkylderivatives of nitrazepam as internal standards for the chromatographic determination of benzodiazepines. PMID- 3171869 TI - Influence of the surface tension of eye drops on the retention of a tracer in the precorneal area of human eyes. PMID- 3171870 TI - Stability constants of ampicillin complexes with Co(II) and Ni(II) ions. PMID- 3171871 TI - [Pharmacokinetic bases of dosage adaptation of drugs in renal insufficiency]. PMID- 3171872 TI - [Drug reactions and interactions]. PMID- 3171873 TI - Kinetic analysis of phenytoin disposition in rats with experimental renal and hepatic diseases. AB - The pharmacokinetics of phenytoin (DPH) was investigated in rats with uranyl nitrate induced renal failure, and with D-galactosamine induced hepatic failure. The serum disappearance of DPH after 10 mg/kg i.v. dose followed a two exponential decline in normal and both types of intoxicated rats. The serum disappearance half-life (t1/2) and the volume of distribution (Vd) significantly increased in both types of intoxicated rats, while the total blood clearances (CLb) significantly decreased. The serum unbound fraction (fu) of DPH significantly increased in both types of intoxicated rats. The blood to plasma concentration ratio (RB) of DPH significantly increased in the uranyl nitrate treated rats, while that of the D-galactosamine-treated rats did not show significant alteration. The tissue to serum concentration ratios (Kp) of most of tissues studied after i.v. bolus injection of DPH increased in both types of intoxicated rats. Except for the lung of the D-galactosamine-treated rats, the tissue to serum unbound concentration ratio (Kpu) of other tissues did not show a significant alteration. This suggested that the tissue uptake and/or binding of DPH is not affected by uranyl nitrate or D-galactosamine intoxication and that the increases in Vd and Kp are due mainly to the decrease in serum protein binding. The hepatic intrinsic clearance of unbound DPH (CLuint,H) also decreased in both types of intoxicated rats. Thus, the uranyl nitrate and D-galactosamine intoxication caused the increase in fu and the decrease in CLuint,H and these results may explain the significant decrease in CLb and increases in Vd and t1/2. The tissue concentration-time courses of DPH were predicted by a physiciologically based pharmacokinetic model and good agreement between the predicted and observed values in normal and in both types of intoxicated rats were obtained for serum, liver, kidney, brain and muscle. PMID- 3171874 TI - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of piretanide in rabbits. III. Sodium and potassium excretion under different hydrated conditions. AB - The diuretic effect of piretanide, one of the loop diuretics, was investigated in three different hydrated conditions, namely well hydrated condition (treatment I), progressive hydropenic condition (treatment II) and complete hydropenic condition (treatment III) in rabbits. Each rabbit received intravenous administration of 1.5 or 15 mg/kg of piretanide and the urine flow rate, the excretion rates of Na and K, plasma concentrations of Na and K, urine osmolarity, plasma concentration of piretanide and urinary excretion of piretanide were determined after administration. The pharmacokinetics of piretanide was not influenced by the hydration state of the body, even in treatment III. The diuretic effect of piretanide evaluated by both urine flow rate (EH2O) and Na+K excretion rate (ENa+K), was significantly affected by the hydration state of the body. The more the hydropenic state was developed, less amounts of urine or electrolytes were excreted. A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic link model which was proposed in the previous paper was applied to the present experimental results. The result indicated that the diuretic effect, even in the complete hydropenic condition (treatment III), was reasonably described by the model, with minor modifications. The time course of the excretion rate of K (EK) was not always in parallel with ENa+K, but was dependent on treatments. We found that the K-fraction, which was known as an indicator of the Na-K exchange reaction in the distal tubule, was quantitatively related to ENa+K, using a simple equation. Accordingly, the time course of EK was also calculated. The result also indicated that time courses of EK were described reasonably well by the model, regardless of treatments and doses. PMID- 3171875 TI - Comparison of salicylamide and acetaminophen and their prodrug disposition in dogs. AB - Comparative studies on the disposition of two pairs of drugs and their prodrugs, i.e., (1) salicylamide (SAM) and ethenzamide (ETB), (2) acetaminophen (NAPA) and phenacetin (PHT), were performed in dogs following intravenous and oral administration of the drugs. ETB and PHT were largely metabolized to SAM and NAPA, respectively, and SAM and NAPA thus formed or those directly administered were conjugated with sulfuric acid and glucuronic acid. It was found that the prodrugs, ETB and PHT, were more susceptible to first-pass metabolism than the corresponding parent drugs, SAM and NAPA, respectively at 30 mg/kg dose of each drug. Free NAPA levels in the blood of dogs receiving PHT were found to be considerably high, whereas free SAM levels in the blood of dogs receiving ETB were very low. These are consistent with results in humans which have been reported earlier, suggesting the similarity between dogs and humans. The ratio of sulfate to the sum of sulfate and glucuronide (S-ratio) as the area under blood concentration-time curve and urine were examined. The prodrugs (ETB and PHT) showed higher S-ratios than the corresponding parent drugs (SAM and NAPA). The S ratios were greater than 0.6 in ETB and SAM and less than 0.5 in PHT and NAPA, indicating that sulfate formation was predominant in the former pair while glucuronide formation was predominant in the latter pair. No intestinal metabolism was found in the prodrugs. In the parent drugs, however, conjugation with sulfuric acid and glucuronic acid was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171876 TI - An alternative two stage method via the EM-algorithm for the estimation of population pharmacokinetic parameters. AB - There has been a considerable increase in popularity of the NONMEM method as a technique for estimating population pharmacokinetic parameters. The authors present another approach to population pharmacokinetic analysis, the alternative two stage method (ATS). ATS uses the EM-algorithm for maximizing the likelihood of variance components. The performance of ATS was compared with the NONMEM method on a microcomputer. Simulation studies showed that the precision and accuracy of estimates obtained with ATS were comparable to the NONMEM method, however, the computation time, dependences on initial estimates and convergence properties were somewhat different. ATS could be a valuable alternative to the NONMEM method for estimating population pharmacokinetic parameters in some cases. PMID- 3171877 TI - The percutaneous absorption of propranolol and prediction of the plasma concentration. AB - In order to avoid first-pass metabolism and to maintain therapeutically effective concentration of propranolol (PL) for a prolonged time, ointments of PL were prepared and the percutaneous (p.c.) absorption was investigated in rabbits. To describe the plasma PL concentration profile during repeated p.c. administrations, a simple pharmacokinetic model, including a first-order absorption process, was applied. The p.c. absorption of PL from both macrogol (400:4000, 30:40, g/g) and Carbopol 934 ointments was significantly increased by adding Azone (AZ). Effective plasma levels were sustained for about 10-20 h, but the absorption of PL from the macrogol ointment was relatively slow. The bioavailability of PL in the 5% PL Carbopol ointment with AZ was 13%. The plasma level of PL after application of Carbopol ointment was enhanced as PL was increased in the ointment, 3 to 5%. The repeated p.c. absorption studies were carried out by applying the 5% PL ointment daily for 3 d. The use of the pharmacokinetic model was justified by good agreement with the observed data after repeated applications of the ointment. Thus, the plasma PL concentration profile during repeated p.c. administrations can be predicted using the model. PMID- 3171878 TI - Studies on intestinal lymphatic absorption of drugs. I. Lymphatic absorption of alkyl ester derivatives and alpha-monoglyceride derivatives of drugs. AB - Several alkyl ester derivatives or alpha-monoglyceride derivatives of 3H-labeled compounds, i.e. trimetoquinol, TA-594, acetaminophen, naproxen and nicotinic acid, were synthesized and administered orally to rats cannulated in the thoracic duct. The radioactivity appearing in 24 h-lymph was measured and analyzed by thin layer chromatography. Most of the alpha-monoglyceride derivatives were absorbed via the intestinal lymphatic system, while the alkyl esters were very poorly absorbed. After oral administration of alpha-monoglyceride derivatives of labeled naproxen and nicotinic acid, the radioactive compounds found in the lymph were mainly monoglyceride, diglyceride and triglyceride analogues, while in plasma the main radioactive compound was the parent drug. It was concluded that alpha monoglyceride derivatives of drugs were absorbed via the lymphatic system and transported into blood, yielding the parent drug in blood. PMID- 3171879 TI - Distribution of grifolan NMF-5N (I/B), a chemically modified antitumor beta glucan in mice. AB - The distribution of a 3H-labeled chemically modified antitumor beta-glucan, grifolan NMF-5N (I/B), in various tissues after an injection into mice was examined in order to obtain information on distribution of the parent antitumor beta-glucan, grifolan NMF-5N. Grifolan NMF-5N was treated with sodium metaperiodate and sodium borotritide to obtain tritium-labeled grifolan NMF-5N [3H-grifolan (I/B)]. When 3H-grifolan (I/B) was administered into normal mice by intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intravenous (i.v.) injection, radioactivity was detected in various mouse tissues. Next, 3H-grifolan (I/B) was injected into tumor-bearing mice 7 d after the tumor inoculation, which is the most effective administration timing for the antitumor effect of grifolan NMF-5N. The results indicated a strong radioactivity in spleens and tumor masses. These results suggested a close relationship between the antitumor activity and the distribution of grifolan NMF-5N in mice. PMID- 3171880 TI - Entry of the new quinolone antibacterial agents of ofloxacin and NY-198 into the central nervous system in rats. AB - The present study describes quantitatively the pharmacokinetics of the antibacterial agents, ofloxacin and NY-198 (quinolonecarboxylic acid derivatives), in the central nervous system in rats by physiological modeling of the penetration, distribution and sequestration processes. The stimulation curves corresponded well with the observed concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and various brain regions after intravenous bolus administration. The estimated cerebrovascular diffusion clearances were considerably small compared with reported serum flow rates and similar among the brain parenchymal tissues examined. The distribution volume of each drug in each brain region was almost the same as the brain extracellular space (15 to 25% of the wet weight). It was also found that the Kp values of these drugs were similar among the various brain regions. These lines of evidence suggest that the antibacterial agents, ofloxacin and NY-198, localized only in the brain extracellular space and exhibited little region-specificity in distribution into the brain. Moreover, it was suggested from unexpectedly low CSF: serum concentration ratios after intravenous administration that these quinolones, which once diffused into CSF, could be sequestrated from CSF to blood via some transport system. PMID- 3171881 TI - The effect of additives on the oral mucosal absorption of human calcitonin in rats. AB - The oral mucosal absorption of human calcitonin (HCT) was investigated in rats. Enhanced absorption of HCT was observed by coadministration of additives such as sodium deoxycholate, sodium tauroglycocholate, quillajasaponin (Quillayannin P 20), sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium myristate and sugar esters. The contribution of sugar esters to oral mucosal absorption of HCT was studied in some detail. The addition of a sugar ester having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value between 11 to 16 was found to be effective in increasing the absorption of HCT. Furthermore, it suggested that the type of constituent fatty acid of sugar ester was one of several important factors for the promotion of the oral mucosal absorption of HCT. PMID- 3171882 TI - Factors causing age-dependent changes in phenytoin tissue and serum binding in rats. AB - The factors that cause age-dependent changes in phenytoin tissue and serum protein binding in rats were studied. It was confirmed that the age-dependent changes in the concentration of tissue constituents to which phenytoin bound mainly governed the change in phenytoin tissue binding. The concentration of the tissue constituents, protein and phospholipid, was changed by the water content in tissues in the growth process of rats. The increase in serum protein binding of phenytoin in the growth process of rats was caused by changes in both serum albumin concentration and binding parameters of phenytoin to serum albumin. The changes in binding parameters of phenytoin to serum albumin were led by those in the molar rations of free fatty acids to albumin. PMID- 3171883 TI - A radioimmunoassay for MC-838 (altiopril calcium), a novel angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. AB - A radioimmunoassay was developed for a new, potent inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE; EC 3.4.15.1), calcium(-)-N-[(S)-3-[(N-cyclohexylcarbonyl D-alanyl)thio]-2-methyl- propionyl]-L-prolinate (MC-838, altiopril calcium). The antiserum was obtained by immunizing rabbits with MC-838-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate. MC-838-L-tyrosine labeled with 125I and purified by thin-layer chromatography was used as a tracer. The assay sensitivity was 0.1 ng/ml, the average intra-assay coefficient of variation was 7.9%, and the average inter assay coefficient of variation was 13.7%. The antiserum was specific for MC-838, showing only slight crossreactivity with degradation products of MC-838. After a single oral dose of MC-838 (2 mg/kg), radioimmunoassay of MC-838 canine serum demonstrated rapid absorption from the gastrointestinal tract with a peak level of 40.6 ng/ml. The decline in serum concentration was a biphasic decay, with a half-life of 80 min during rapid falloff followed by a slower decline. PMID- 3171884 TI - Effects of an antihypertensive vasodilator, pinacidil, on regional blood flow in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Using a radioactive microsphere method, the effects of hydralazine and a new antihypertensive vasodilator, pinacidil, on systemic and regional hemodynamics were examined and compared in conscious Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). A single intravenous administration of pinacidil decreased mean blood pressure in a dose dependent fashion (0.03-0.3 mg/kg), and the peak effect was observed within a few minutes after administration. The onset of the hypotensive action of hydralazine was relatively slow compared to that of pinacidil, and its peak effect appeared 5-10 min after administration. There was no difference between WKY and SHR in the time course of blood pressure change, but the pressure reduction in WKY was less than that in SHR. We observed regional hemodynamic differences between the normotensive rats and the hypertensive rats. The flow rates in the kidney, spleen, gastrointestinal tract and skin of SHR were significantly lower than those of WKY. The intravenous infusion of pinacidil at a rate of 0.06 mg/kg/min increased cardiac output and heart rate, and selectively increased flow rates in organs with low flow rates compared to normotensive controls except for the spleen. Thus, pinacidil reduced total peripheral resistance of SHR to levels of WKY and normalized hemodynamic abnormalities in SHR. The regional hemodynamic action of pinacidil in SHR was not qualitatively different from that of hydralazine except in a few organs. PMID- 3171885 TI - Salivary excretion of 5-fluorouracil. II. Fluctuation of saliva/plasma concentration ratio and salivary clearance during a constant rate intravenous infusion in beagle dogs. AB - Salivary excretion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was investigated during constant rate intravenous infusion (0.306 mg/kg/min) in three male beagle dogs. Parotid (Pr) and mandibular-sublingual (MS) saliva were collected separately by stimulating salivation with 10% citric acid. After the start of 5-FU infusion, plasma and salivary 5-FU concentration increased rapidly to approach their steady state levels. There was a significant correlation between each saliva and plasma 5-FU concentration (p less than 0.01). The saliva/plasma drug concentration ratio (S/P ratio) and salivary pH were significantly higher in Pr than in MS saliva (p less than 0.001), similar to the results following bolus intravenous administration of 5-FU in beagle dogs. Both S/P ratio and salivary clearance increased with time before steady state. Thereafter, these values approached almost constant levels and their fluctuations became smaller than those following the bolus intravenous administration. These results showing S/P ratio and salivary clearance of 5-FU were affected by the plasma drug concentration, suggested the possibility that non-linear pharmacokinetics may be involved in the salivary excretion of 5-FU. PMID- 3171887 TI - Pineal gland and humidity effects on testicular function of the Indian palm squirrel, Funambulus pennanti. AB - The effect of two different conditions of humidity (80 +/- 5% and 40 +/- 5%) under stimulatory photoperiod (14L/10D) and high temperature (38 +/- 2 degrees C) was studied on the testes and accessory sex organs of the Indian palm squirrel, Funambulus pennanti, during the sexually active phase. High humidity (80 +/- 5%) reduced significantly the testes weight of the sham-operated animals as compared to the controls under natural environmental conditions but had no effect on that of pinealectomized animals. Moderate humidity (40 +/- 5%) did not affect the testes of sham-operated as well as pinealectomized animals, as compared to the respective controls. The seminal and prostatic weights showed no significant difference in high or moderate humidity conditions. However, the epididymal weight of the animals exposed to high humidity was significantly reduced in sham operated animals only. Thus, these results indicate that the pineal gland may be implicated in mediating the humidity information to control the male gonadal function in the Indian palm squirrel, Funambulus pennanti. PMID- 3171886 TI - A non-opioid mechanism in the inhibitory effect of ginseng saponins on electrically evoked contractions of guinea-pig ileum and mouse vas deferens. AB - Both ginseng total saponins (GTS) and one of its constituents, protopanaxatriol saponins (PT), inhibited the electrically evoked contractions of guinea-pig ileum (GPI) in a concentration dependent manner in a range of 1-100 micrograms/ml, and this effect was irreversible at high concentrations of the saponins. Protopanaxadiol saponins (PD) had a transient and weak effect. On the other hand, in mouse vas deferens (MVD), the contractions were increased by PT and PD, however, GTS was almost without effect. The inhibitory effect of morphine was arithmetically increased by pretreatment with 100 micrograms/ml of these saponins in GPI preparations, while the inhibitory effect of the contractions was potentiated in MVD preparations. Neither the inhibition of contractions in the GPI preparation nor the facilitation of contractions in the MVD preparation by these ginseng saponins was reversed by 1 microM naloxone, in contrast to naloxone antagonism of morphine-induced contractions in both preparations. GTS and PT caused a dose-dependent inhibition of BaCl2-induced contraction of GPI. It is concluded that the mechanism on the inhibitory or facilitated effect of ginseng saponins on electrically evoked contractions in GPI and MVD preparations may be separated from the effect of opioids, and the mechanism may be based on the direct action of the saponins on smooth muscles preparations. PMID- 3171888 TI - Effect of pinealectomy on testosterone, estradiol-17 beta, esterone, and 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone levels during the annual reproductive cycle in the freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus. AB - The present study examines the relationship of the pineal gland to gonadal activity during the annual reproductive cycle in the freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus. The hormonal profiles of testosterone, estradiol-17 beta, estrone, and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone along with the gonadosomatic index (GSI) were monitored to assess the effect of pinealectomy. Pinealectomy appeared to accelerate the gonadal development from January to May. Removal of pineal prior to the start of gonadal recrudescence (January and February), induced initiation of ovarian recrudescence earlier than scheduled in nature. On the other hand pinealectomy during the vitellogenic phase (May to June) reduced the gonadal activity, suggesting the stimulatory role of pineal on gonads. During the remaining period of July to December (postvitellogenic and early resting phase) pinealectomy had no effect on gonadal activity. Thus, in this species the pineal gland during the annual reproductive cycle appears to have either inhibitory, stimulatory, or no effect on gonadal physiology depending upon the sexual conditions. PMID- 3171889 TI - Effect of melatonin on the human electrocardiogram and simple reaction time responses. AB - It has been suggested that melatonin may have therapeutic potential for alleviating jet lag. In an attempt to define further the effects of low pharmacological doses of melatonin on the human body, 5 mg of melatonin was given orally to one subject in a blind experiment. The electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded together with simple reaction time (SRT) responses over a 5-h period after taking melatonin. The main part of the project was carried out under artificial domestic lighting conditions and involved ten evening sessions. Microprocessor analysis of the ECG of one subject clearly showed that melatonin had the effect of lengthening the RR interval, that between the peak of the P wave and the onset of the R wave, and the interval between the onset of the R wave and the peak of the T wave. A model to explain the cubic curve, which was fitted by regression analysis to the data, implies that the natural evening increase in melatonin may also increase these intervals. The results suggest that melatonin may affect both the phase and the amplitude of the observed ECG phenomenon. Analysis of more than 40,000 SRT responses to both visual and auditory stimuli implied that these responses might also be lengthened by melatonin. Frequency histograms of the responses and observations on premature and missed responses were not able to reproduce the results of other workers who found that higher doses (240 mg) of melatonin decreased the number of incorrect responses to simple reaction time tasks. PMID- 3171890 TI - Plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain distribution of 14C-melatonin in rat: a biochemical and autoradiographic study. AB - The distribution of 14C-Melatonin (14C-MT) after systemic injection was studied in the plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain of rats. Chromatographic analysis (thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography) indicated that the radioactivity from biological samples taken at various times following the injection of label was mainly associated with 14C-MT. Computer analysis of plasma 14C-MT kinetics showed a three-compartment system with half lives of 0.21 +/- 0.05, 5.97 +/- 1.11, and 47.52 +/- 8.86 min. The volume of distribution and the clearance were 1,736 +/- 349 ml.kg-1 and 25.1 +/- 1.7 ml.min 1.kg-1 respectively. The entry of 14C-MT into the CSF was rapid and reached a maximum at 5 min. The decay followed a two-compartment system with half-lives of 16.5 +/- 2.9 and 47.3 +/- 8.6 min. The CSF/plasma concentration ratio was 0.38 at the steady state (30 min). At 2 min the level of 14C-MT in the brain was 3.8 higher than in the CSF. Representative autoradiograms revealed an heterogeneous localization of 14C-MT in the grey matter. The highest regional values, as evaluated by the permeability area product technique, were found in cortex, thalamic nuclei, medial geniculate nucleus, anterior pretectal area, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, choroid plexuses, and bulb-pons. Thirty minutes later 14C-MT was still detected in most of the brain regions analyzed. These results point to a low but rapid penetration of circulating MT into the brain and the CSF. The heterogeneous distribution and the partial retention of 14C-MT in the brain are compatible with the hypothesis of a central action of this hormone mediated via binding sites. PMID- 3171891 TI - Effects of prior exposure to prolonged continuous light on the pattern of melatonin secretion in sheep held under continuous darkness. AB - To gain insight into the nature of the neural centre regulating melatonin production by the pineal gland we have measured hourly changes in plasma melatonin in 16 ewes held for 42-56 h under continuous darkness following a 28 day period of exposure to continuous light. Plasma melatonin was undetectable while animals were in constant light but increased to normal night time levels (120-2,200 pmol/litre) within 10 min of the onset of darkness in 14 out of the 16 ewes regardless of whether this occurred at 1,200 h (group 1) or 2,400 h (group 2). In four ewes melatonin secretion was maintained for approximately 36 h, indicating that the pineal gland remained responsive to a static stimulatory signal presumably emanating from the supra chiasmatic nucleus. In all ewes, melatonin secretion ceased at approximately 12 and or 36 h after the onset of darkness and did not require a separate zeitgeber. Although the increase and the decline of plasma melatonin levels were synchronized within groups 1 and 2, there were sufficient differences in the pattern of melatonin secretion between the groups to suggest that the regulatory mechanism had an intrinsic component. A hypothesis involving a diurnal change in sensitivity to circulating melatonin is advanced to explain the observed differences in the synchrony of melatonin secretion and the prolonged episodes of melatonin secretion. PMID- 3171892 TI - Ultrastructure of the pineal gland in the adult dog. AB - The adult dog pineal gland was studied with the electron microscope. Pineal connective tissue spaces were poorly developed and showed capillaries with nonfenestrated endothelial cells. Two cell types, pinealocytes and astrocytes, could be identified in pineal parenchyma. Dog pinealocytes showed microtubules, centrioles, occasional cilia, and well-developed Golgi complexes. These cells showed thin processes with bulbous endings packed with vesicles. Astrocytes were characterized by the presence of numerous filaments. Their processes finished forming a glial layer bordering connective tissue spaces. The presence of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers was also described. PMID- 3171894 TI - Afraid of death. PMID- 3171893 TI - Corpus luteum progesterone secretion in rats undergoing pineal-mediated reproductive regression. AB - In nonseasonal breeders, such as the laboratory rat, the potentiation of the antigonadal action of light deprivation by olfactory bulbectomy is manifested, among other things, by a diminished secretion of testosterone in males and estradiol in females. Little is known about the actions of the pineal gland on progesterone secretion. Since secretion of the luteotrophic hormones (LH and PRL) decreases in blind-anosmic rats and because the rat corpus luteum exhibits different degrees of LH and/or PRL dependency, the purpose of these experiments was to study the corpus luteum progesterone secretion in both pseudopregnant and pregnant blinded-bulbectomized rats. Female rats blinded and bulbectomized at the age of 25 d showed at adulthood (75 d old) (1) estrous cycles longer than the regular 4-5 d in length exhibited by intact rats: 82.3 vs. 9.0% (P less than .01); (2) a decreased paired ovarian weight, 24.1 +/- 3.7 (nine) vs. 37.3 +/- 2.2 (ten) mg/100 gm BW (P less than .05), and lower plasma levels of LH on metestrus: 15.9 +/- 1.7 vs. 26.2 +/- 3.4 ng/ml (P less than .01). Pinealectomy, as previously reported, completely reversed the effects of dual sensory deprivation. In contrast to the clear antigonadal action of the pineal gland, which seems to affect the follicular component of the ovary through modifications in the rate of LH secretion, the production of progesterone by the corpus luteum remained almost unaffected. Although the duration of the diestrous phase in both pseudopregnancy and pregnancy was significantly longer in blind-anosmic rats than in intact ones (P less than .01), the serum levels of progesterone throughout both corpus luteum phases were identical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171895 TI - Effectiveness of a nurse-managed program for children with chronic asthma. PMID- 3171896 TI - Adolescent cancer: coping with treatment-related pain. PMID- 3171898 TI - Making good decisions: a key to managerial success. PMID- 3171897 TI - Teen pregnancy service: infant outcomes through two years of age. PMID- 3171899 TI - Ethical concerns in research with adolescents. PMID- 3171900 TI - More deeply human. Burnout. PMID- 3171901 TI - Adolescence, anxiety, and adaptation: preparing for posterior spine fusion with instrumentation. PMID- 3171902 TI - Teacher's reference on right atrial catheters. PMID- 3171903 TI - Use of categorical and individuating information in making inferences about personality. AB - In three experiments, we explored the effects of categorical information (stereotypes) and case information (traits or behaviors) on judgments about an individual's characteristics. Subjects judged a target person's aggressiveness on the basis of a description containing both a broad social category and specific case information. In Experiment 1, the description included (a) a category that was either weakly or strongly related to aggressiveness and (b) a behavior that was unrelated, moderately diagnostic, or highly diagnostic of aggressiveness. Trait inferences were a function of both the stereotypic and the behavioral information. A single behavior was not sufficient to override the category effect. In Experiment 2, temporally consistent behaviors were presented as case information; under these conditions, category information had no effect on trait judgements. This finding was extended in Experiment 3 in which subjects predicted behaviors on the basis of the target person's sex and a moderately diagnostic trait. PMID- 3171904 TI - The role of attitude importance in social evaluation: a study of policy preferences, presidential candidate evaluations, and voting behavior. AB - According to a number of social psychological theories, attitudes toward government policies that people consider important should have substantial impact on presidential candidate preferences, and unimportant attitudes should have relatively little impact. Surprisingly, the accumulated evidence evaluating this hypothesis offers little support for it. This article reexamines the hypothesis, applying more appropriate analysis methods to data collected during the 1968, 1980, and 1984 American presidential election campaigns. The impact of policy attitudes on candidate preferences was indeed found to depend on the importance of those attitudes, just as theory suggests. The analysis also documented two mechanisms of this increased impact: People for whom a policy attitude is important perceive larger differences between competing candidates' attitudes, and important attitudes appear to be more accessible in memory than unimportant ones. PMID- 3171905 TI - In-group-out-group differences in the perceived efficacy of coercion and conciliation in resolving social conflict. AB - In-group and out-group members were predicted to differ in the judged efficacy of coercion and conciliation as social influence strategies, with coercion perceived as relatively more effective than conciliation by outgroup rather than ingroup members. In Experiment 1, all subjects read a description of a conflict between two hypothetical nations, with half of the subjects taking the perspective of the defense minister of one nation and half the perspective of the other. Each nation was developing weapons that increased rather than decreased the likelihood of war. Each subject was asked to consider the effectiveness of an array of social influence strategies, varying in degree of coercive or conciliatory tone, that could modify the actions of either their own or the other country. The prediction was confirmed, both by indexes of rated effectiveness and by a ranking of effectiveness. In Experiment 2, the perspective-taking manipulation was weakened by merely asking subjects to imagine that they were citizens of one country or the other. Experiment 2 replicated the basic findings of Experiment 1. The implications of these results for international conflict, with particular reference to the arms race, are discussed. PMID- 3171906 TI - Preference for situations involving effort, time pressure, and feedback in relation to type A behavior, locus of control, and test anxiety. AB - Eighty subjects from an introductory psychology course rated the desirability of eight course structures that differed according to all combinations of the presence or absence of effort required for success, time pressure, and the provision of feedback. Subjects also completed questionnaire measures of the Type A behavior pattern, test anxiety, and external locus of control. Results showed that the Type A behavior pattern was negatively related to external locus of control and that externals tended to have higher test anxiety scores than internals. Multiple regression analyses that involved the personality variables and age and gender showed that the Type A variable predicted preference for course structures that involved effort and feedback and that external control predicted preference for course structures that were independent of effort and provided little feedback. Test anxiety and desirability ratings were positively correlated for the course structure that was not dependent on effort, had little time pressure, and had little feedback. The results were consistent with the view that individuals seek out and prefer situations that are consistent with their personality characteristics. PMID- 3171907 TI - The sociobiology of bereavement: a reply to Littlefield and Rushton. AB - This article offers a critique of Littlefield and Rushton's (1986) application of sociobiological principles to bereavement following the death of a child. The following general issues are considered: (a) whether behavior is always adaptive and (b) the distinction between proximate and ultimate explanations. It is argued that grief is a maladaptive by-product of another, adaptive feature and that hypotheses about the severity of grief are best derived from proximate considerations rather than genetic relatedness. The use of a single-item rating scale to measure grief is questioned, and it is noted that interspouse reliabilities reported in the article were low, a problem not solved (as claimed) by aggregation. Criticisms are made of the specific hypotheses, notably in terms of their origins in sociobiological theory. It is argued that functional hypotheses are not alternatives to proximate mechanisms, but enable some proximate mechanisms to be viewed from the perspective of evolutionary biology. PMID- 3171909 TI - Personal goals and interpersonal support and hindrance as factors in psychological distress and well-being. AB - This study examined psychological distress and well-being as a function of the characteristics of personal projects and project-relevant social support and social hindrance provided by the three most important people in subjects' lives. Three project factors (Project Mastery, Strain, and Self-Involvement) were found to account for significant variation in both psychological distress and well being. Project support was generally found to be significantly related to well being, but not to distress. However, project hindrance was found to be significantly related to both distress and well-being. Additional analyses revealed that the behavior of the most important person in a subject's life is of special significance in accounting for variations in psychological distress and well-being. Finally, evidence of the independence of support and hindrance was observed. PMID- 3171908 TI - Coping, locus of control, social support, and combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a prospective study. AB - We examined the relations between coping, locus of control, and social support and combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The sample consisted of 262 Israeli soldiers who suffered a combat stress reaction episode during the 1982 Lebanon war and were followed 2 and 3 years after their participation in combat. Cross-sectional analyses revealed significant relations between locus of control, coping, and social support and PTSD at the two points of assessment. Changes in PTSD from Time 1 to Time 2 were also associated with changes in coping. We discuss theoretical and methodological implications of the findings. PMID- 3171911 TI - The category effect in social judgment: experimental ratings of happiness. AB - Three experiments demonstrated the applicability of a range-frequency analysis to social judgments. Subjects rated the happiness of either (a) schematic drawings of faces or (b) life events as expressed in short verbal descriptions. The relative frequency of these stimuli was manipulated experimentally, as was the number of rating categories. Consistent with psychophysical research, ratings became less sensitive to differences in the frequencies of contextual stimuli as the number of categories increased (the category effect). With more categories, ratings also showed less adjustment to the range of stimuli actually presented. The reduction in adjustment was greater when stimuli were presented successively and when the experimental set covered a limited range. These effects of varying the number of categories were interpreted as reflecting changes in the effective context for judgment: With more categories, the differences between the effective frequencies of contextual stimuli are reduced and new, more extreme comparison values are evoked. The implications of using coarse versus fine scales of judgment are discussed in terms of the dynamics of social judgment as well as choice of the appropriate number of categories in social research. We argue that selection of the number of rating categories should be guided by research objectives rather than by a search for "true" judgments. PMID- 3171912 TI - Consensus in personality judgments at zero acquaintance. AB - This research focused on the target effect on a perceiver's judgments of personality when the perceiver and the target are unacquainted. The perceiver was given no opportunity to interact with the target, a condition we refer to as zero acquaintance. We reasoned that in order to make personality judgments, perceivers would use the information available to them (physical appearance). Consensus in personality judgments would result, then, from shared stereotypes about particular physical appearance characteristics. Results from three separate studies with 259 subjects supported this hypothesis. On two of the five dimensions (extraversion and conscientiousness) on which subjects rated each other, a significant proportion of variance was due to the stimulus target. Consensus on judgments of extraversion appears to have been largely mediated by judgments of physical attractiveness. Across the three studies there was also evidence that the consensus in judgments on these two dimensions had some validity, in that they correlated with self-judgments on those two dimensions. PMID- 3171910 TI - Genetic and environmental variance in content dimensions of the MMPI. AB - To evaluate genetic and environmental variance in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), I studied nine factor scales identified in the first item factor analysis of normal adult MMPIs in a sample of 820 adolescent and young adult co-twins. Conventional twin comparisons documented heritable variance in six of the nine MMPI factors (Neuroticism, Psychoticism, Extraversion, Somatic Complaints, Inadequacy, and Cynicism), whereas significant influence from shared environmental experience was found for four factors (Masculinity versus Femininity, Extraversion, Religious Orthodoxy, and Intellectual Interests). Genetic variance in the nine factors was more evident in results from twin sisters than those of twin brothers, and a developmental genetic analysis, using hierarchical multiple regressions of double-entry matrixes of the twins' raw data, revealed that in four MMPI factor scales, genetic effects were significantly modulated by age or gender or their interaction during the developmental period from early adolescence to early adulthood. PMID- 3171913 TI - Interactions of depressed college students with their roommates: not necessarily negative. AB - Coyne's (1976b) interactional theory of the social environment's role in maintaining depression suggests that depressed people create negative affect in others. This leads to a pattern of interactions between depressed individuals and others that is aversive to both parties and becomes a vicious circle. We examined interactions of 15 depressed and 15 nondepressed college students with their roommates. On questionnaires, roommates did indicate more rejection, dislike, and avoidance of the depressed students than of the nondepressed students, consistent with Coyne's theory, and depressed-student-roommate interactions were more personally involved (higher percentage of self-disclosure) and less positive than nondepressed-student-roommate interactions. The moods of both depressed students and their roommates were worse than those of controls before the interaction but, contrary to expectation, improved over the course of the interaction, whereas the moods of nondepressed students and their roommates did not change significantly. Implications of these results for Coyne's theory are discussed. PMID- 3171914 TI - Information-seeking and maternal self-definition during the transition to motherhood. AB - The self-definitional processes accompanying the transition to motherhood were examined in this study. A cross-sectional sample of more than 600 women who were planning to get pregnant within 2 years, pregnant, or in the postpartum stage completed extensive questionnaires pertaining to their experiences of pregnancy and motherhood. On the basis of the assumption of the "self-socialization" perspective that individuals actively construct their identities in response to life transitions, our analyses focused on the role of information-seeking in the developing self-definitions of women becoming mothers. As predicted, (a) women actively sought information in anticipation of a first birth, (b) they used this information to construct identities incorporating motherhood, and (c) after the birth the determinants of their self-definitions shifted from indirect sources of information to direct experiences with child care. Hence, consistent with the self-socialization perspective, information-seeking did play an important role in the women's developing self-conceptions during this life transition. Mechanisms by which information gathered may alter self-conception are discussed. PMID- 3171915 TI - Major life events, hassles, and adaptation in adolescence: confounding in the conceptualization and measurement of life stress and adjustment revisited. AB - Prior work has suggested that methodological and conceptual confounding may play a role in the associations obtained between stressful life events, social resources, and adaptive outcome. Of particular concern in our work were (a) the source and method of assessment; (b) conceptual overlap between life stress and resource items and symptoms of disorder; and (c) induced response bias through the instructional sets of the stress measures. A second goal was to extend our understanding of the life stress-adjustment linkage in groups for whom little data of this type exist. By using multi-trait-multimethod procedures we found that both distal major life events and proximal daily stressors had important degrees of unique and shared variance with adaptive functioning, whereas the effects for social support were inconclusive. Further, the importance of considering possible sources of potential confounding in producing quite different levels of association between life stress and adaptation was underscored by the results. PMID- 3171916 TI - Conditional hedges and the intuitive psychology of traits. AB - The view that the intuitive psychologist exaggerates the consistency of personality implies that dispositional constructs are condition-free summary statements about generalized behavioral tendencies. This article considers the alternative view that dispositional constructs summarize specific condition behavior contingencies. Despite their condition-free appearance, the dispositional constructs used by child and adult observers in their personality descriptions were hedged by modifiers that reflected knowledge of the variability of behavior. Children's descriptions of their aggressive and withdrawn peers included probabilistic hedges that indicated uncertainty about the occurrence of behaviors (person sometimes does x). Adults made dispositional attributions with greater certainty, but more often modified them with conditional statements which identified when dispositionally relevant behaviors might be observed (person does x when y). Content analyses of these conditional statements revealed that adults systematically linked specific categories of conditions (e.g., aversive interpersonal events) to specific categories of social behavior (e.g., aggressive acts). The results help to clarify how people may hedge dispositional terms in ways that reflect their sensitivity to covariation between situations and behaviors. PMID- 3171917 TI - Causal attribution, cognitive interference, and the generalization of learned helplessness. AB - We assessed the role of off-task cognitions in mediating the performance effects of global and specific attributions for failure. In Experiment 1, subjects were divided into global and specific attributors and were exposed to either no feedback or failure feedback. In Experiment 2, subjects were exposed to no feedback or to unsolvable problems wherein they received attribution for failure to specific or global causes. Experiment 3 added a condition in which subjects were restrained from engaging in off-task cognitions. Results showed that exposure to unsolvable problems deteriorated performance and increased off-task cognitions mainly among subjects who attributed failure to global causes. In addition, the enhancement of off-task cognitions interfered with performance following unsolvable problems. The introduction of instructions that discouraged subjects from engaging in off-task cognitions eliminated the detrimental effects of global attribution. Results are discussed in terms of test anxiety and excuse making conceptualizations of learned helplessness. PMID- 3171918 TI - Perceived self-efficacy in coping with cognitive stressors and opioid activation. AB - This experiment tested the hypothesis that perceived self-inefficacy in exercising control over cognitive stressors activates endogenous opioid systems. Subjects performed mathematical operations under conditions in which they could exercise full control over the cognitive task demands or in which the cognitive demands strained or exceeded their cognitive capabilities. Subjects with induced high perceived self-efficacy exhibited little stress, whereas those with induced low perceived self-efficacy experienced a high level of stress and autonomic arousal. Subjects were then administered either an inert saline solution or naloxone, an opiate antagonist that blocks the analgesic effects of endogenous opiates, whereupon their level of pain tolerance was measured. The self efficacious nonstressed subjects gave no evidence of opioid activation. The self inefficacious stressed subjects were able to withstand increasing amounts of pain stimulation under saline conditions. However, when endogenous opioid mechanisms that control pain were blocked by naloxone, the subjects were unable to bear much pain stimulation. This pattern of changes suggests that the stress-induced analgesia found under the saline condition was mediated by endogenous opioid mechanisms and counteracted by the opiate antagonist. PMID- 3171919 TI - Efficiency under record performance demands: exertion control--an individual difference variable? AB - Semiprofessional players ran basketball circuits under either normal or record performance demands. Lactate concentration and heart rate were measured as indexes of exertion. Number of dribbling errors, attempted shots, hits, and hit rate served as measures of performance and efficiency. Several individual difference measures were taken in order to identify those athletes who were capable of moderating the extent of exertion and of preserving their performance from impairment. The indexes of exertion rose sharply from normal to record trials. Correspondingly, the numbers of dribbling errors and of shots increased while the hit rate declined. However, there were considerable individual differences in restraining exertion and preserving efficiency--both indexes of exertion control. Neither achievement motive scores nor questionnaire items that ask for self-knowledge about exertion control could account for these differences. However, individuals capable of exertion control could be discriminated by an action-control scale that asks about postdecisional implementation of action steps (Kuhl, 1985). PMID- 3171920 TI - Effects of anxiety on inferential reasoning task performance. AB - Three experiments were conducted in which high anxiety and low anxiety subjects were required to construct inferences. In Experiment 1 there was no anxiety related performance deficit when inferring a necessary anaphoric relation, a process argued to be automatic. Experiments 2 and 3 involved the verification of unnecessary inferences, a process argued to involve the utilization of the working memory system. In both Experiments 2 and 3 there was an anxiety-related performance deficit. The results are consistent with a working memory-oriented account of anxiety-related performance effects, as deficits were restricted to capacity-demanding tasks. PMID- 3171921 TI - Biosynthesis of anthracyclinones. AB - Recent biosynthetic studies confirmed that anthraquinones are involved as intermediates in the pathway to anthracyclines. The present knowledge in this field has been reviewed. Furthermore, a new generalized order of biosynthetic intermediates from the hypothetical polyketide to aklavinone and related anthracyclinones has been proposed involving tricyclic precursors and 7-hydroxy naphthacenequinones, which also have been found in mutants of anthracycline producing strains. PMID- 3171922 TI - Compartmentation of enzymes interconverting aclacinomycins in Streptomyces species AM 33352. AB - The enzymatic interconversion of the aclacinomycins A (I), Y (II), and B (III) by Streptomyces spec. AM 33352/S 182 producing these aklavinone glycosides was investigated. The enzymes converting I to II and III, as well as vice versa, are located within different compartments separated by the cytoplasmic membrane. Aclacinomycin A (I) is biotransformed to II and III by the cell-free mycelium extract while the entire mycelium carries out the same type of conversion towards the opposite direction. Changes of enzyme activity are correlated to alterations in the ratio of aklavinone glycosides throughout the fermentation. A hypothesis is developed concerning the role of compartmentized oxidoreductase(s) in the passive flux of I from inside the cells to outside. PMID- 3171923 TI - Moment analysis of drug disposition in kidney: transcellular transport kinetics of p-aminohippurate in the isolated perfused rat kidney. AB - The mean renal epithelial cell residence time, Tcell, was defined as a model independent characteristic of the transcellular transport process in the isolated perfused kidney. The transcellular transport process includes transport at the basolateral membrane, diffusion in the cytosol, and transport at the brush border membrane. The parameter Tcell represents the mean time for the drug secreted from the tubules to pass through the renal epithelial cells, and is calculated as the difference of the mean urinary transit time between secreted drug and inulin in the single-pass perfusion system. Therefore, the urinary excretion rate-time course is indispensable to evaluate Tcell. p-Amino-hippuric acid was used as a model compound. The bovine erythrocytes in the perfusate kept the isolated kidney in an almost constant physiological condition, including secretion function. The renal vein outflow curves were also analyzed by the use of moments. The dispersion in the catheter was corrected by a deconvolution. The apparent secretion intrinsic clearance and the apparent volume of distribution were calculated from the moments. The present method will be useful for analysis of the transcellular transport mechanism and the effect of disease states on renal transport of drugs. PMID- 3171924 TI - Mean apical concentration and duration in the comparative bioavailability of slowly absorbed and eliminated drug preparations. AB - Present criteria for comparing bioavailability are inadequate when the Cmax and tmax cannot be reliably identified in individual subjects. Drug formulations which are slowly absorbed and eliminated have concentration-time profiles with a broad apex, increasing the likelihood that samples taken at the apical region of the curve will have statistically indistinguishable concentrations. Using data from a study of three dosage forms of piroxicam, we propose an alternative approach which decreases the influence of sampling bias and analytical error on the identification of the apex of the concentration-time curve and provides a simple tool for describing the shape of the curve around the apex. An adequate frequency of sampling around the expected apex of the concentration-time curve and consideration of the coefficient of variation (CV) of the analytical assay when assessing the observed Cmax are used in defining new parameters. This approach may be useful for studying the relationship of onset and duration of maximal plasma concentration to the efficacy and toxicity of drugs and in developing standards for comparing the bioavailability of slow-release preparations, which is of increasing interest to pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies. PMID- 3171925 TI - Kinetics of peritoneal drug transport in rats: an application of the pore theory of transcapillary exchange. AB - In order to quantitatively describe the peritoneal transport of drugs, this paper proposes a kinetic model that is based on the hydrodynamic pore theory of transcapillary exchange, and incorporates an explicit description of volume and osmolality changes in the dialysate. Sulfisoxazole (SIX) and benzoic acid (BA) were used as model compounds. Following intraperitoneal administration of dialysate in rats, the osmolality, volume, and drug concentration in the dialysate were measured with respect to time. The obtained data were analyzed to give hydrodynamic parameters for solvent and a solute (including drug) by a computer-aided curve-fitting procedure according to the differential equations derived from the model. The present method, requiring no approximation of the changes in dialysate volume, made it possible to predict the concentration profiles of BA under different initial conditions of dialysate (i.e., different osmolality and volume). Solvent drag effect contributed little to the peritoneal transport of SIX and slightly to that of BA. It was also found that the peritoneal transport of BA is blood-flow limited while that of SIX is diffusion limited. PMID- 3171926 TI - Percutaneous absorption of sulconazole nitrate in humans. AB - The percutaneous absorption of 1% sulconazole nitrate in a cream formulation containing 3H-labeled drug has been studied in seven human subjects. Two applications of 4.5 g each were made to 450 cm2 of abdominal skin at 0 and 12 h, and the site was washed at 24 h. The application site was subsequently washed at 24-h intervals for 3 consecutive days, and 6.7% of the dose was recovered in the urine and 2.0% in the feces following a 7-d collection period. Radioactivity was detectable in the plasma from 8-96 h, with a peak occurring at 24 h, and could also be recovered in the skin wash up to 96 h after application. Total percutaneous absorption of sulconazole was estimated to be 8.7-11.3% of the applied dose, considerably more than that previously reported for other imidazole drugs. PMID- 3171927 TI - Influence of constant current iontophoresis on the impedance and passive Na+ permeability of excised nude mouse skin. AB - The impedance of excised nude mouse skin was determined over the frequency range 0.2-2500 Hz. Impedance versus frequency plots were obtained for skin which had undergone progressive hydration over a period of 8 h, and for similarly hydrated skin which, during the hydration period, was also exposed to a current density of 0.16 mA cm-2 for 1 h. The parallel frequency-dependent skin resistance and capacitance were then calculated from the impedance data. The skin resistance, at 0.2 Hz, for skin exposed to the iontophoretic current decreased by a factor of approximately 5 compared with that observed for skin which had undergone hydration, implying that the current had altered the ion conducting pathways of the skin. In addition, the Na+ flux was measured and shown to be linearly correlated (r = 0.99) with the inverse of the impedance of the skin at 0.2 Hz. This implies that the low frequency impedance of the skin is a measure of the passive ion permeability of the skin, and that this technique can be used as a noninvasive way to assess the relative effects of different types of iontophoretic current on the skin. PMID- 3171928 TI - Potential prodrugs of phenelzine: N2-acetylphenelzine and N2 ethoxycarbonylphenelzine. AB - This report describes experiments conducted to determine whether simple monoacylated analogues of phenelzine might act as prodrug sources of phenelzine in vivo. The data suggest that hydrolysis to phenelzine may vary between analogues and that not all analogues retain the pharmacological properties of phenelzine. PMID- 3171929 TI - Thermodynamic evaluation of activated charcoal as a poison antidote by high performance liquid chromatography. I: Derivation and validation of an equation for Gibbs free energy of liquid-solid adsorption. AB - An in vitro method utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed in order to investigate the adsorptive process between activated charcoal and various drugs and toxic chemicals by measuring their Gibbs free energy of adsorption from various acetonitrile:water mobile phases. This report details the derivation and validation of the equation for calculating the Gibbs free energy of liquid-solid adsorption via HPLC. The derived equation incorporates the following experimental parameters: specific surface area of the adsorbent, specific retention volume of the solute, molar volume of the mobile phase, and surface concentration of the solute in a predefined standard state. This equation was validated by means of a closed thermodynamic cycle composed of three segments. Each segment represents a different physical process: gas-solid adsorption of methyl iodide on activated charcoal, gas-liquid solution of methyl iodide in n-hexadecane, and liquid-solid adsorption of methyl iodide on activated charcoal from n-hexadecane. The Gibbs free energy for each of these thermodynamic processes was determined by the appropriate chromatographic technique. Since the cycle did not balance because it did not account for the interaction of n hexadecane and activated charcoal, it was altered to include a gas-liquid-solid chromatographic technique. When the Gibbs free energies of solution and gas-solid adsorption determined by this chromatographic technique were incorporated into the cycle, the resulting imbalance was only 0.213 kJ/mol (1.1%), thereby validating the derived equation. PMID- 3171930 TI - Thermodynamic evaluation of activated charcoal as a poison antidote by high performance liquid chromatography. II: In vitro method for the evaluation of activated charcoal as a poison antidote. AB - A previous report detailed the derivation and validation of an equation for calculating the Gibbs free energy of liquid-solid adsorption via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This study utilizes an improved form of that equation in conjunction with an in vitro model of solute adsorption to give an ordered listing of the antidotal activity of activated charcoal towards different drugs and other chemicals. The in vitro model consists of an activated charcoal column with a nominal particle diameter of 15 micron and a surface area of 447 x 10(4) cm2/g, together with a series of acetonitrile:water mobile phases at pH 3. A simple and efficient procedure was developed for ranking the solutes. First, each compound was run in an acetonitrile(ACN):water mobile phase chosen to give a convenient retention time and ideal chromatographic response. The capacity factor for this mobile phase was extrapolated to give a predicted capacity factor for a 35:65 (v/v) ACN:water mobile phase using an empirical equation developed from the exhaustive chromatography of four standard compounds (phenobarbital, strychnine, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone) in a variety of ACN:water mobile phases. In addition to the standards, 12 other compounds (glutethimide, chlordiazepoxide, quinine, brucine, d-propoxyphene, pentobarbital, methyprylon, methadone, meperidine, codeine, antipyrine, morphine) were evaluated. Based on these data, the Gibbs free energies of liquid-solid adsorption for these compounds were calculated and used to evaluate activated charcoal as a poison antidote for them. The results indicate that a rapid and accurate estimation of the utility of activated charcoal as an antidote for drugs and toxic substances can be obtained from a single chromatographic run of the test compound. PMID- 3171931 TI - Reaction plane approach for estimating the effects of buffers on the dissolution rate of acidic drugs. AB - A mass transfer model was developed to describe the dissolution and reaction of an acidic drug, naproxen [(+)-6-methoxy-alpha-methyl-2-naphthaleneacetic acid], from a rotating disk in buffered solutions. Dissolution in 0.0010 to 0.030 M acetate, citrate, and phosphate buffer solutions, with 0.1 M KCl added, over a pH range of 2 to 8 at 25 degrees C, was investigated. Features of the mass transfer model include: treatment of the mass transfer as a convective diffusion process; use of the buffer reactions and the acid ionization as a single flux boundary condition; the capacity to make accurate a priori predictions without fitting film thicknesses or diffusion coefficients; and the option of considering two limiting cases for the maximal increase in dissolution that could be expected in a reactive buffer and the increase in dissolution in a buffer at maximum buffer capacity. PMID- 3171932 TI - Solubility and partitioning. IX: Solubility of hydantoins in water. AB - An expression for estimating the aqueous solubility of weak electrolytes under different conditions of temperature and pH has been proposed in a previous publication. The expression, based on the additivity of free energy, separates solubility into three independent contributions. In the present work, the equation is tested with a different set of 18 solutes within the range of temperature of 20 to 50 degrees C and of pH of 1 to 10. The results show that the theoretical relationship between aqueous solubility and the three independent contributions used in the equation is in excellent agreement with the experimental data. PMID- 3171933 TI - Inclusion complex formation of 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone with cyclodextrins in aqueous solution and in solid state. AB - Complex formation between cyclodextrins and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone in buffer solution has been investigated using absorption, its second derivative (D2), and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that whereas the self-association process was found for 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone alone, the monomeric form is microincluded in beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins. The interaction is more favored as the cavity size of cyclodextrins is larger, the molecule being more tightly bound with gamma- than with beta-cyclodextrin. The complex formation inhibits the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer process that has already been reported for 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone alone. PMID- 3171934 TI - Bile salt binding properties of commonly used gastrointestinal drugs: maalox, carafate, and questran. AB - We have validated a method to measure bile salt binding by Maalox (aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide), Carafate (sucralfate), and Questran (cholestyramine) in vitro. The method used in this study involves a correction for adherent water volume and thus provides a correct measure of bile salt binding. With this approach, we described the binding properties of Maalox, Carafate, and Questran. The bile salt binding capacities of Carafate and Maalox are limited and do not have physiological or pharmacological significance. On the other hand, we found that Questran has substantial bile salt binding capacity. At the recommended dosage, Questran could deplete the total bile salt pool. We also found that Carafate, although not used as an antacid, has buffering capacity (maintaining a pH of solution in the range 4.2-4.8) which might contribute to its effectiveness as an ulcer treatment drug. PMID- 3171935 TI - Bile acid binding and hypocholesterolemic activity of a new anion exchange resin from 2-methylimidazol and epichlorohydrin. AB - A new anion exchange resin with an imidazolium salt on a epoxide polymer skeleton was synthesized. This white powder material was odorless and tasteless. The in vitro sodium cholate binding of this resin was much more potent than that of cholestyramine. The hypocholesterolemic activity of this resin in cholesterol-fed rabbits proved to be 4.3 times more potent than that of cholestyramine. These results suggest that effective reduction of plasma cholesterol may be achieved with lower doses of this resin. PMID- 3171936 TI - Membrane-solvent-solute interaction in a model permeation system. AB - In this study, methyl- and propylparaben flux from various alcohol donors through polydimethylsiloxane membranes was investigated. Flux from saturated alcohol vehicles was markedly increased relative to water and glycol systems. The uptake of neat alcohol, a measure of solvent membrane interaction, gave a good rank order correlation to the flux data for a particular paraben. The major influence of the alcohols was an increase in membrane solubility of paraben, with a smaller effect on the diffusion coefficient. High paraben donor solubility indirectly reduced the solvent-membrane interaction leading to attenuated flux. Paraben membrane solubility was influenced by the amount of alcohol sorbed from saturated systems and the affinity of the paraben for the alcohol. This conforms to the concept of imbibed alcohol molecules being organized into clusters. The alteration in barrier properties of the membrane was found to require the presence of sorbed alcohol and was reversible upon removal of the solvent. PMID- 3171937 TI - Sensitive electrochemical high-performance liquid chromatography assay for the simultaneous determination of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol. AB - An electrochemical HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in plasma is presented. Chlorohaloperidol serves as the internal standard. A cyanopropyl bond elut column was used for sample preparation. The eluate was evaporated and reconstituted with mobile phase and injected onto a nitrile bonded column. The chromatographic system consisted of an ESA Coulochem detector operated in the screen mode. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation for both compounds were less than 7%, with a sensitivity limit of 20 pg on the column. A plasma level-time profile is presented to illustrate the sensitivity and applicability of this assay in small animal and human pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 3171938 TI - Charge transfer complexes of indole:catechol type II. AB - Charge transfer complexes between tryptamine:epinephrine, tryptamine:isoproterenol, tryptamine:catechol, and indole:catechol were demonstrated spectrophotometrically in aqueous solutions containing 0.1 M HCl. It was possible to make precise measurements and to calculate thermodynamic parameters and molar absorptivities. In general, the equilibrium constant was found to be quite low and ranged from 4.00 +/- 0.04 to 0.30 +/- 0.02 M-1. These interactions are exothermic and have relatively large standard enthalpy and entropy changes (delta Ho values ranged from -7.4 +/- 0.3 to -5.2 +/- 0.4 kcal mol-1; delta So ranged from -25 +/- 5.0 to -16 +/- 1.3 cal K-1 mol-1). The similarity in delta Ho and delta So values for all the combinations indicates a similar interacting system. This result has led us to propose the involvement of the charge transfer effect, induced in the indole:catechol system, in the mechanism occurring in nerve conductions. PMID- 3171939 TI - Determination of the partition coefficients, acid dissociation constants, and intrinsic solubility of carbenoxolone. AB - The dissociation constants, partition coefficients, and solubility of carbenoxolone (1) were determined using tritium-labeled drug. The partition and solubility methods were used to assess the dissociation constants of carbenoxolone, while the pKa of the structurally related triterpenoid, enoxolone (2) was determined using a spectrophotometric method. The true partition coefficient (TPC) of carbenoxolone was found to be 643.8 in an n-octanol:aqueous buffer system, while its intrinsic solubility (So) was 1.63 x 10(-5) M. The apparent partition coefficient (APC) was independent of the concentration of carbenoxolone over the pH range of 3 to 7. The values of pk1 and pk2 for carbenoxolone, obtained by the partition and solubility methods, were in reasonably good agreement. The observed pKa value of enoxolone enabled the assignment of pk2 (the weaker acid grouping) to the carboxyl group at C-30. PMID- 3171940 TI - Studies on zoapatle. VIII: Novel cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones from Montanoa tomentosa ssp. microcephala. AB - Investigation of the leaves of Montanoa tomentosa Cerv. ssp. microcephala (Sch. Bip.) Funk (Compositae) resulted in the isolation of three novel guaianolide sesquiterpenes, montacephalin (1), tomencephalin (2), and 5-hydroxytomencephalin (3), which were shown to be cytotoxic (P-388). The structures of these sesquiterpenes were elucidated through analysis of their spectroscopic characteristics, and complete proton and carbon-13 assignments were made for the new compounds. Also isolated were the known terpenes, beta-amyrin, beta-amyrin acetate, stigmasterol, stigmasterol-3 beta-D-glucoside, (-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, and monoginoic acid. PMID- 3171941 TI - Peritoneal transport of beta-lactam antibiotics: effects of plasma protein binding and the interspecies relationship. AB - In order to examine quantitatively the effect of plasma protein binding on the peritoneal transport of beta-lactam antibiotics, we employed a kinetic model based on the pore theory of transcapillary exchange. This model incorporates the changes in the volume, osmolality, and antibiotic concentration in the dialysate, so that the apparent capillary membrane permeability (Pd) and the reflection coefficient (sigma d) of an antibiotic could be assessed. Six cephalosporins (cefatrizine, cefazolin, cefpiramide, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cephaloridine) were used as model compounds. While the unbound fractions of these antibiotics ranged widely from 0.08 to 0.57, including linear and nonlinear protein binding, the concentration-time profiles in plasma and the peritoneal dialysate after intravenous administration in rats could be interpreted well by our model, assuming that only the unbound antibiotic is available for the peritoneal transport. The estimated Pd values were almost the same among the drugs examined. Moreover, the Pd values of cefazolin in mice, rats, and rabbits exhibited a 0.83 power dependency on the animal body weight, indicating that Pd is significantly related to the peritoneal surface area. On the other hand, the sigma d values of cefazolin were found to be almost the same among the animal species examined. Finally, the concentration-time profile of cefazolin in the dialysate after intravenous administration in a patient with end-stage renal failure was successfully predicted using the Pd value extrapolated from those of the experimental animals. PMID- 3171942 TI - Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of oral dopamine in dogs. AB - The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of oral dopamine (DA) were studied in dogs. Plasma concentrations of DA and its main metabolites, such as dopamine-3-O sulfate (DA-SO4) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) were determined after intravenous or oral administration of DA using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD). Following the intravenous administration, plasma DA-SO4 and DOPAC concentrations were lower than the plasma DA concentration. On the other hand, following the oral administration, plasma DA-SO4 and DOPAC concentrations were much higher than the plasma DA concentration. The absolute bioavailability of DA after oral administration was calculated to be approximately 3%. Intraduodenal and mesenteric venous administration of DA revealed that DA-SO4 was mainly produced in the intestine and DOPAC was produced in the intestine and liver. On the basis of these observations, the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of oral DA are discussed in connection with the metabolic inactivation due to first-pass metabolism. PMID- 3171943 TI - Kinetics of drug action in disease states. XXVI: Effect of fever on the pharmacodynamics of theophylline-induced seizures in rats. AB - This investigation was designed to determine the effect of fever on the neurotoxicity of theophylline as reflected by the concentrations of this drug that cause convulsions in experimental animals. Fever was produced in male, inbred, adult Lewis rats (approximately 180 g) by sc injection of brewer's yeast; an elevation of body temperature of 1.2 +/- 0.4 degrees C (mean +/- SD) was achieved at the time of the pharmacodynamic measurements. Theophylline was infused iv at a rate of 1.03 mg/min until the onset of maximal seizures. Drug concentrations in serum, serum water, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at that time were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared with the control group, the group of febrile rats had statically significantly lower serum protein concentrations, decreased serum protein binding of theophylline, and slightly increased theophylline concentrations in the CSF at the onset of seizures. Inasmuch as theophylline concentrations in the CSF reflect the concentrations of this drug in the biophase, the results of this study show that fever does not increase the sensitivity of the central nervous system to the neurotoxic effects of theophylline in rats. In fact, a statistically significant positive correlation between theophylline concentrations in the CSF and body temperature was found in this investigation, suggesting a decreased sensitivity of the animals to the neurotoxic effects of theophylline at higher body temperature. PMID- 3171944 TI - Effect of alteration of cerebrospinal fluid bulk flow on nicotine cerebrospinal fluid exit transfer kinetics. AB - This study was undertaken to determine if a compound which alters the bulk flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alters the elimination kinetics of a compound in the CSF. Acetazolamide was chosen as the CSF bulk flow-altering agent. It produces a relatively large effect on the flow process, affecting both choroidal and extrachoroidal CSF production, and has been shown to affect CSF flow following iv administration. The compound monitored was nicotine. Acetazolamide was administered orally for one week before and intravenously during the experiment. Nicotine was administered by a bolus injection directly into the CSF via the cisterna magna. The results indicate that the introduction of acetazolamide into the general circulation increases the rate of removal of nicotine from the CSF. Subjects receiving acetazolamide had elevated CSF pressures. The increase in CSF pressure associated with the administration of acetazolamide suggests pressure as a possible factor in the observed increase in the rate of removal of nicotine. PMID- 3171945 TI - Protection by procaine hydrochloride against reserpine-induced acute gastric mucosal injury in the rat: implications for stress-induced injury. AB - This study investigated whether oral procaine (1 mL of 5% solution) affords protection against reserpine-induced (5 mg/kg, ip) acute gastric mucosal injury in the rat. After 6 h, all rats in the reserpine-alone group developed mucosal injury confined to the glandular stomach (40.1 +/- 5.2 mm2, mean +/- SEM), and neither atropine (5 mg/kg, ip) or cimetidine (40 mg/kg ip) influenced this injury (38 +/- 4 and 40.5 +/- 4.6 mm2, respectively). Similarly, celiac ganglionectomy, to interrupt autonomic sympathetic delivery to the stomach, had no effect on the reserpine-induced injury (42 +/- 6 versus 40.1 +/- 5.2 mm2). Dose-dependent protection against the reserpine injury was produced by the alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drug phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine: a complete protection was noted with the 15-mg/kg dose. Vagotomy or procain completely protected the rat stomach against the reserpine injury. The data suggest that reserpine produces vagal adrenoceptor delivery to the rat stomach, resulting in mucosal injury, and that oral procaine blocks this delivery, thus achieving protection against injury development by a vagotomy action. The knowledge that the reserpine injury is a stress-induced injury indicates that oral procaine protects the rat stomach against stress-induced acute gastric mucosal injury. PMID- 3171946 TI - Quantitative relationship between bile acid structure and biliary lipid secretion in rats. AB - A series of unconjugated and taurine conjugated bile acids (BAs) differing in water solubility (SWo), critical micellar concentration (CMC), and hydrophilicity (K') were infused iv to rats at a tracer dose and a dose of 6 mumol/min/kg over a 1-h period. Bile was collected for 3 h to evaluate the role of BA structure on cholesterol, phospholipids secretions, and bile flow. The BAs studied differ in the number (2-3), position (-3, -6, -7, -12), and orientation of the hydroxyls (alpha/beta); the side chain structure was modified by shortening (C-23, nor-BA) and by lengthening (C-25, homo-BA), while maintaining the same structure of nuclear hydroxyls (3 alpha 7 beta). At a "tracer" dose, all C-24 natural BAs are efficiently recovered in bile when administered in both unconjugated and taurine conjugated forms. At a "high dose", all taurine conjugated BAs are efficiently recovered in bile (80-100%). However, a variable recovery was observed among unconjugated BAs: trihydroxy BAs are efficiently recovered (85-100%), while dihydroxy BAs are only partially recovered (25-40%). The side chain-modified BAs [i.e., C-23 nor and C-25 homo analogs of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)] are partially recovered at a tracer dose (20-30%), but less at a high dose (10-20%) when administered in the unconjugated form. In contrast, the corresponding taurine conjugates are more efficiently recovered in bile (60-80%). Conjugation with taurine increases total recovery of unconjugated BAs in bile by not more than 30-40%. Highly hydrophilic and water-soluble BAs, such as ursocholic acid (SWo = 1.67 mM) and cholic acid (SWo = 0.27 mM), can also be secreted as unconjugates, and this accounts for their complete recovery. The conjugation step is rate limiting for poorly soluble BAs such as ursodeoxycholic acid (SWo = 0.009 mM) when administered at a high dose, and critical for nor and homo analogs which are poorly soluble and whose side chain modification partially suppresses their conjugation with taurine or glycine and thereby induces alternative pathways such as glucuronidation or sulfation. The induced bile flow is directly related to the hydrophilicity of the natural C-24 bile acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3171947 TI - Two assays for dihydrocodeine in plasma and in urine and their use to determine the bioavailability of a controlled-release product. AB - A GC method (20 ng/mL quantitation limit) and an HPLC method (37.5 ng/mL quantitation limit) for the analysis of dihydrocodeine in plasma and an HPLC method for dihydrocodeine in urine (2 micrograms/mL quantitation limit) are described. These methods have been used to compare the bioavailability in four subjects of a controlled-release formulation of dihydrocodeine bitartrate (equivalent to 90 mg of base) with that of a solution (equivalent to 3 x 30 mg of base). With each preparation, the mean urinary recovery of dihydrocodeine was approximately 30 mg, and both had a comparable bioavailability. A further study with 12 subjects, each taking the equivalent of 30 mg of base at 12 hourly intervals for 4 d, indicated that the controlled-release formulation produced effective steady-state concentrations of drug whether administered before or after meals, with no accumulation being observed. PMID- 3171948 TI - Silicone polymer uptake method for determination of cholesterol thermodynamic activity in model bile systems. AB - Cholesterol in bile has been linked to the incidence of gallstone disease through the concept of supersaturation as measured by the cholesterol saturation index (CSI). The latter is a linear function of cholesterol concentration and is based on the assumption that all cholesterol in bile is solubilized and transported in bile salt-lecithin (BS-L) mixed micelles, as well as in bile salt simple micelles. In light of the discovery of the cholesterol-lecithin vesicles as significant cholesterol carriers, there is a need to re-evaluate this old concept. This study examined the feasibility of the silicone polymer uptake method for the direct determination of the cholesterol thermodynamic activity (AT) in model bile systems. In cases of unsaturation and near saturation, a linear relationship was observed between CSP,Eq, the cholesterol concentration in the silicone polymer at equilibrium, and CAq,Eq/Cs,Aq for taurocholate (TC), taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDC), and tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC) systems either containing or not containing lecithin. Here, CAq,Eq is the cholesterol concentration in the aqueous micellar solution at equilibrium, and Cs,Aq is the cholesterol monohydrate solubility of the same medium. In TC-L solutions supersaturated with cholesterol, the linear relationship continued to hold up to the point where vesicles started to form. Vesicle formation initiated a negative deviation from linearity. At constant lecithin concentration, the CSP,Eq value, or the cholesterol thermodynamic activity at which vesicle formation began, was a function of the TC:L ratio; the larger the TC:L ratio, the higher the cholesterol thermodynamic activity for the onset of vesicle formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171949 TI - Zero-crossing derivative spectrophotometry for the determination of mixtures of cephaloridine and cephalothin in pure and dosage forms. AB - First- and second-derivative spectrophotometry, with a zero-crossing technique of measurement, has been used for the quantitation of two-component mixtures of cephaloridine and cephalothin Na, which are cephalosporins with closely overlapping spectral bands. Beer's Law is followed for up to 28 and 36 micrograms/mL of cephaloridine in the first- and second-derivative modes, respectively, and up to 36 micrograms/mL of cephalothin Na in both modes. Detection limits at the 0.05 level of significance were calculated to be 0.13 and 0.37 micrograms/mL of cephaloridine and cephalothin Na, respectively, in the first-derivative mode, and 0.25 and 0.29 micrograms/mL, respectively, in the second-derivative mode. The recovery of these antibiotics in mixtures of injectable dosage forms is also reported. PMID- 3171950 TI - Hydrogen-bonded complexes between chloral hydrate and halide ions in aqueous solution. AB - The hydrogen-bonded interactions of chloral hydrate and halide ions have been investigated conductometrically at 25.00 degrees C in aqueous solutions. In spite of the strong competing effect of water, the 1:1 associates have relatively high stability constants, in the order of chloride greater than bromide greater than fluoride approximately equal to iodide. The rather low stability of the fluoride:chloral hydrate associate can be explained by the strong hydration of the small fluoride ion. Although the 1:1 association dominates, other stoichiometries cannot be excluded; the cations and the ionic strength seem to have no effect. PMID- 3171951 TI - Chemical, physical, and lubricant properties of magnesium stearate. AB - Three batches of commercial magnesium stearate were characterized in terms of their fatty acid composition, moisture content, and specific surface area. None of these variables appeared to have any effect on the lubricant activity of the samples. The lubricant properties of the compound were further examined using three hydrates of laboratory-prepared (pure) magnesium stearate. Based on the results obtained from the pure samples, it appears that differences in the lubricant properties of magnesium stearate are correlated with differences in moisture content and crystalline structure. PMID- 3171952 TI - Studies on the stability of vinblastine sulfate in aqueous solution. AB - A stability study on vinblastine sulfate (1) in aqueous solution at several different temperatures (in the absence of light) has been undertaken. High performance liquid chromatography was used to obtain kinetic data for the loss of vinblastine and to monitor the order of appearance of degradation products, of which eight were observed. The two most prominent components of early heat degradation have been tentatively identified by mass spectrometry (DCl), as a C19'-oxidation product (19'-oxovinblastine, 4, MH+ 825) and an isomer of vinblastine (MH+ 811). Products appearing later in the course of degradation include a component of MH+ 809, possibly corresponding to either 19'-hydroxy 3',4'-dehydrovinblastine (5) or 3',4'-dehydrovinblastine-6'-N-oxide (6), and three other products of MH+ 636, MH+ 670, and MH+ 795. In addition, optical rotation studies have established that racemization (with a possible reduction in biological activity) does not occur prior to transformation into degradation products. Preliminary experiments on light-mediated degradation demonstrated a different sequence of transformation, with the MH+ 670 and MH+ 795 products appearing first. Contrary to reports and suggestions in the literature and based on an estimated activation energy of 27.1 kcal/mol, the results of this study indicate that vinblastine sulfate is relatively stable in aqueous solution at or below room temperature (estimated t90 values: 150 d at 25 degrees C and 10.7 years at 5 degrees C) and has a t90 value of 16.6 d at 37 degrees C. These results are important in view of current interest in the continuous iv infusion of vinblastine sulfate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171953 TI - Polymorphic differences in alpha- and beta-form crystals of 2R, 4S, 6-fluoro-2 methyl-spiro[chroman-4,4'-imidazoline]-2',5-dione (M79175) as determined by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. AB - Polymorphic differences in alpha- and beta-form crystals of 2R, 4S, 6-fluoro-2 methyl-spiro[chroman-4,4'-imidazoline]-2',5-dione (M79175; 1) were studied by X ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. X-ray powder diffraction indicated the longest spacing of the unit cells to be 14.9 and 12.4 A for the alpha- and beta-form crystals, respectively. The infrared spectra showed the absorption band assigned to NH streching vibration for the alpha-form crystals to be centered at 3250 cm-1 and that for the beta-form crystals to split into two peaks, at 3150 and 3425 cm-1. The enthalpies of fusion were 26.3 kJ/mol at 517.5 K and 31.3 kJ/mol at 501.0 K, respectively. Transformation from the beta- to alpha-form was observed at various heating rates, which were enhanced by the presence of a small amount of alpha-form crystals previously added to the beta-form. The former appeared to serve as a source of nuclei for the growth of both forms. These results confirm that the alpha-form crystal is more stable than the beta-form. PMID- 3171954 TI - Determination of betamethasone 17-benzoate in lipophylic vehicles by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A stability-indicating, reversed-phase HPLC method was developed to assay betamethasone 17-benzoate in lipophylic bases. An on-line precolumn sample clean up system was used to protect the analytical column from contamination; it consisted of the Waters Guard-Pak Precolumn Module and the muBondapak C18 Precolumn Insert. The method is simple, specific, accurate, and precise. It is also cost effective because it extends the life of the HPLC column. PMID- 3171955 TI - 2-Hydroxypropyldigitonin: synthesis and properties of preparations differing in degree of substitution. AB - Reaction of propylene oxide with digitonin in strong aqueous alkali yielded water soluble, nontoxic solubilizers of drugs and hormones, the molecular composition of which could be fully deduced from plasma desorption mass spectrometry data. Preparations with average degrees of substitution ranging from 0.7 to 4.5 were investigated, and all the distributions of degrees of substitution observed were relatively narrow and symmetrical; thus, the reactivity of primary and secondary hydroxyls of saponin and of its conversion products had to be quite similar. The effects of the average degree of substitution of 2-hydroxypropyldigitonins on the formation of micelles and on the solubilization of four drugs into aqueous solutions were found to be minor. On the other hand, the ability to hemolyze erythrocytes decreased sharply with an increasing average degree of substitution. PMID- 3171956 TI - Adamantylmethyl analogues of chloramphenicol. PMID- 3171957 TI - Effect of age on neurotoxicity of theophylline. PMID- 3171960 TI - The abused child. A primer for podiatric physicians. PMID- 3171959 TI - Evaluation of the neutral position of the subtalar joint. PMID- 3171958 TI - Measurement of the first metatarsophalangeal joint range of motion. PMID- 3171961 TI - Effect of rocker sole design on plantar forefoot pressures. PMID- 3171962 TI - Nonossifying fibroma of the fibula with open section defect. PMID- 3171964 TI - Calcaneal apophysitis (Sever's disease) associated with Tae Kwon Do injuries. PMID- 3171963 TI - Forces under the hallux rigidus foot with surgical and orthotic intervention. PMID- 3171965 TI - Survey of continuing education relicensure requirements in podiatric medicine. PMID- 3171966 TI - The teaching of legal medicine. A void in the podiatric medical education. PMID- 3171967 TI - Modification of fixation technique for a subtalar joint and triple arthrodesis. PMID- 3171968 TI - Heel spur surgery. PMID- 3171969 TI - Nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists. I. Pharmacological characterization of 2-n-butyl-4-chloro-1-(2-chlorobenzyl)imidazole-5-acetic acid, sodium salt (S-8307). AB - 2-n-Butyl-4-chloro-1-(2-chlorobenzyl)imidazole-5-acetic acid, sodium salt (S 8307) displaced [3H]angiotensin II (All) from its specific binding sites in rat adrenal cortical membranes with an IC50 of 4 x 10(-5) M. In rabbit aorta, S-8307 competitively inhibited the contractile response to All with a pA2 value of 5.49 but at 10(-4) M it did not alter the response to norepinephrine or KCI. Similarly, a specific AII antagonism was shown in vivo in the spinal pithed rat model. In anesthetized rats, S-8307 did not potentiate the bradykinin vasodepressor response. In renal artery-ligated rats, a high renin model, S-8307 decreased mean blood pressure at 10 and 30 mg/kg i.v. as well as at 100 mg/kg p.o. In anesthetized rats, furosemide enhanced the hypotensive effect of S-8307. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system by captopril, saralasin or bilateral nephrectomy inhibited significantly but did not abolish completely the hypotensive effect of S-8307 in furosemide-treated rats. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin did not significantly reduce the hypotensive effect of S-8307. Our results identify S-8307 as a selective antagonist of AII receptors. However, at higher doses, mechanisms other than AII receptor blockade may partly account for its acute hypotensive effect. PMID- 3171970 TI - Contribution of M2 alpha and M2 beta muscarinic receptors to the action of cholinergic stimuli on prostaglandin synthesis and mechanical function in the isolated rabbit heart. AB - This study was performed to determine the subtype of M2 muscarinic receptor that is involved in the action of cholinergic agents on prostaglandin (PG) synthesis as well as on the mechanical function of the isolated rabbit heart perfused at a constant flow rate with Krebs-Henseleit buffer. The increase in PG output elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) or arecaidine propargyl ester (APE), a selective M2 agonist was attenuated by both 11-[2-[(diethylamino)methyl]-1 piperidinyl]acetyl-5,11-dihydro-6H- pyrido-[2,3-b][1,4]-benzodiazepine-6-one (AF DX 116), an M2 alpha antagonist, and hexahydro-sila-difenidol (HHSiD), an M2 beta antagonist. The coronary vasodilating effect of ACh and APE was inhibited by HHSiD, but not by AF-DX 116, whereas the vasoconstrictor effect was blocked by AF DX 116, but not by HHSiD. The decrease in heart rate produced by ACh or APE was blocked by AF-DX 116, but not by HHSiD; however, the decrease in developed tension produced by the cholinergic stimuli was abolished by all these muscarinic receptor antagonists. The increase in PG output or changes in the mechanical parameters of the heart produced by ACh or APE were not altered by adrenergic receptor antagonists, phentolamine and propranolol, or by the nicotinic receptor antagonist, hexamethonium. The effect of isoproterenol or exogenous arachidonic acid to enhance PG output was not altered by these M2 receptor antagonists; however, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin abolished the output of PG elicited by these agents or by ACh or APE. These data indicate that the effect of cholinergic stimuli to promote cardiac PG synthesis and decrease developed tension is mediated through the activation of both M2 alpha and M2 beta subtypes of muscarinic receptors. The cholinergically induced vasodilating component of the coronary response is mediated through the activation of M2 beta, whereas the coronary vasoconstriction and the decrease in heart rate is mediated through the activation of M2 alpha muscarinic receptors. PMID- 3171971 TI - Antagonists and agonists interactions with the muscarinic receptor of the rat large airways. AB - The muscarinic receptor in the rat large airway was characterized by radioligand binding experiments. Using I-quinuclidinyl (phenyl-4-[3H])benzilate ([3H]QNB) as the radioligand, the receptor appears to be homogenous. The receptor density was 23 fmol/mg of protein and the Kd value for [3H]QNB binding was 16 pM. Competition of the [3H]QNB binding for the receptor with selective antagonists and agonists was used to characterize the muscarinic receptor. The K0.5 values for the (M1) selective antagonists pirenzepine and telenzepine were 210 and 20 nM, respectively. The M2a-selective antagonist AF-DX 116 and the M2b-selective antagonist hexahydrosila-difenidol had K0.5 values of 130 and 120 nM, respectively. By comparing the apparent affinities of these antagonists in the large airways to their affinities in rat heart, the large airway muscarinic receptor appears to be of the M2a type. Agonists competition curves of [3H]QNB binding to the receptor were shallow. The agonist curves were modeled to one- and two-site binding models. All agonists, including M1-selective agonists, gave preferred fits to two-site models. Guanine nucleotide in the assay caused right shifts of the competition curves and decreased the apparent proportion of the receptor population that was in the higher affinity state for the agonists. Thus, it is concluded that: 1) the rat large airway muscarinic receptor interacts with antagonists in a manner which support the hypothesis that the receptors are of the M2a subtype and 2) both the high and low agonist affinity states of the M2a receptor of the rat large airways are capable of interacting with M1 agonists. PMID- 3171972 TI - Renal transport kinetics of chlorothiazide in the isolated perfused rat kidney. AB - The effect of protein binding on the renal excretion of chlorothiazide was examined in the isolated perfused rat kidney. Drug studies were performed in three rats at 6.00% bovine serum albumin + 0% dextran and in three rats at 0.25% bovine serum albumin + 3.83% dextran. Chlorothiazide was introduced into the recirculating perfusate at an initial concentration of 100 micrograms/ml, and was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Functional viability of the kidney was assessed by measuring the fractional excretion of sodium and glucose, and the glomerular filtration rate. The protein binding of drug in perfusate was determined by equilibrium dialysis. These experimental conditions resulted in an approximate 14-fold increase of percent free (from 5.3-72.0%), and a 3-fold increase of renal (from 1.03-3.30 ml/min) and secretion (from 1.01-2.83 ml/min) clearances. The data were best fitted by a model in which one Michaelis-Menten term was used to describe active transport, and secretion was dependent upon free concentrations of chlorothiazide in the perfusate. The maximum velocity of secretion (Vm = 85.6 micrograms/min) and Michaelis constant (Km = 2.1 micrograms/ml) of chlorothiazide was estimated using a nonlinear least-squares regression program. These results suggest that for compounds of low renal extraction, free drug concentrations are the driving force for carrier-mediated tubular secretion. PMID- 3171973 TI - H+ coupled transport of p.o. cephalosporins via dipeptide carriers in rabbit intestinal brush-border membranes: difference of transport characteristics between cefixime and cephradine. AB - We demonstrated previously that aminocephalosporins, such as cephradine, possessing a alpha-amino group and a carboxyl group, are transported via H+/dipeptide carrier system in the intestinal brush-border membranes. The present study examined the transport characteristics of cefixime, a new p.o. cephalosporin with two carboxyl groups, by the rabbit intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles in comparison with those of cephradine. With an intravesicular pH of 7.5, apparent optimum extravesicular pH was 6.0 for cephradine uptake and more acidic (pH 4.5-5.0) for cefixime uptake. An inward H+ gradient [( pH]i = 7.5, [pH]o = 5.0) induced overshoot uptake of cefixime, and this uptake was reduced in the presence of carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, a protonophore. Cefixime uptake at pH 5.0 was trans-stimulated (countertransport effect) and cis-inhibited by dipeptides and aminocephalosporins but not at pH 7.5. Cephradine uptake at pH 7.5 was stimulated by the countertransport effect of dipeptide but not by cefixime. Cefixime and cephradine uptake at pH 5.0 was greatly inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic stilbene. These findings indicate that cefixime is transported by an inward H+ gradient via dipeptide carrier only in an acidic pH region, whereas cephradine is transported via dipeptide carrier in both neutral and acidic pH regions, suggesting the existence of multiple transport systems for dipeptides; a neutral pH preferring system (Type I) and an acidic pH preferring system (Type II). PMID- 3171974 TI - Use of quinidine inhibition to define the role of the sparteine/debrisoquine cytochrome P450 in metoprolol oxidation by human liver microsomes. AB - The oxidation of the beta adrenoceptor antagonist metoprolol exhibits genetic polymorphism of the sparteine/debrisoquine (SP/DB) type. The alpha-hydroxylation of metoprolol is absent in poor metabolizers, whereas metoprolol O-demethylation is only partially impaired, suggesting that an enzyme or enzymes other than cytochrome P450-SP/DB contribute to the latter reaction. Using inhibition by the quinidine/quinine isomer pair as a marker for the activity of cytochrome P450 SP/DB, the role of this enzyme in the in vitro oxidation of the enantiomers of metoprolol by human liver microsomes was examined. Unlike alpha-hydroxylation, only a portion of metoprolol O-demethylation showed the stereoselective inhibition by quinidine and quinine characteristic of in vitro reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P450-SP/DB. Furthermore, the kinetics of metoprolol O demethylation were biphasic, the two components of O-demethylase activity being distinguishable by their enantioselectivity and sensitivity to inhibition by quinidine. Microsomes from one liver formed no detectable alpha hydroxymetoprolol, and O-demethylation by these microsomes corresponded to the low affinity site observed in eight other livers. The rate of metoprolol O demethylation by the quinidine-inhibitable high affinity component was directly proportional to the rate of alpha-hydroxylation. These findings support the hypothesis that cytochrome P450-SP/DB catalyzes the formation of alpha hydroxymetoprolol, but is only partially responsible for metoprolol O demethylation. Such a mechanism could explain the previously reported inability to detect polymorphism in the O-demethylation pathway in vivo. PMID- 3171975 TI - PAF-acether and endotoxin display similar effects on rat mesenteric microvessels: inhibition by specific antagonists. AB - The activity of platelet activating factor (PAF-acether) and the effects of specific antagonists BN 52021 and WEB 2086 on microvessels were studied. The mesentery of anaesthetized male Wistar rats was exteriorized and arranged for microscopic observation of the microcirculation in situ. Vessel diameters were measured with an image splitting micrometer adjusted to the phototube of the microscope. Images were displayed on the monitor screen of a closed-circuit television system. Topical application of PAF (10, 100 and 200 microM) enlarged the diameter of mesenteric arterioles and venules, which was antagonized by PAF antagonists administered i.v. (1 mg/kg) or topically (10 microM). Bolus injection (1 micrograms/kg) or perfusion (100 ng/kg/min) of PAF significantly decreased mean arterial blood pressure of the animals and slightly increased arteriolar diameters. These effects were blocked by the PAF antagonists. Endotoxin (10-20 mg/kg i.v.) significantly enlarged arteriolar diameters and produced a significant drop of arterial blood pressure. These effects were blocked by the PAF antagonists at doses equivalent to those used to antagonize the effects of PAF. The leukocyte activator fMLP, as well as lyso-PAF and PAF antagonists, were devoid of effects on the microcirculation when applied topically or injected i.v. We conclude that mesenteric microvessels contribute to the hypotensive effect of PAF and endotoxin and that PAF is released at the mesenteric area during endotoxic shock. PMID- 3171976 TI - Effects of gestational age on the disposition of propranolol in pregnant sheep. AB - Maternal and fetal disposition of the beta adrenoceptor blocking drug, propranolol was examined in the pregnant sheep from day 95 to day 140 (term, 145 days) of gestation. Propranolol was administered to the mother (bolus dose, 1.5 mg/kg followed by an infusion of 1.2 mg/kg/hr over 3 hr) to achieve an average steady-state maternal total drug concentration of 600 ng/ml. Total steady-state maternal plasma propranolol concentration was 666 +/- 266 ng/ml, reflecting a 4 fold variation in maternal drug clearance and a 14-fold variation in binding. Neither maternal clearance nor binding showed a significant change with gestational age. Total plasma drug concentrations in the fetus increased significantly with gestational age (r = 0.58, P less than .05), due to a concomitant increase in binding (r = 0.66, P less than .01). Fetal steady-state unbound drug concentrations were 50% of those seen in the mother, indicating that the fetus is capable of irreversible elimination of the drug. This ratio did not change with gestational age, suggesting that the capacity of the fetus to eliminate propranolol does not increase detectably in the latter part of pregnancy. The significant correlation between maternal and fetal unbound drug concentrations indicates that a major determinant of fetal exposure to propranolol is the clearance of the drug by the mother. PMID- 3171978 TI - Intracerebroventricular morphine decreases descending inhibitions acting on lumbar dorsal horn neuronal activities related to pain in the rat. AB - Recordings were made from convergent neurons in the lumbar dorsal horn of the rat. These neurons were activated by both innocuous and noxious stimuli applied to their excitatory receptive fields located on the extremity of the ipsilateral hindpaw. Transcutaneous application of suprathreshold 2-msec square-wave pulses to the center of the receptive field resulted in responses to A- and C-fiber activation being observed: 27.2 +/- 2.2 (mean +/- S.E.M.) C-fiber latency spikes were evoked per stimulus. This type of response was inhibited by applying noxious conditioning stimuli to heterotopic areas of the body; in particular, immersing the tail in a 52 degrees C waterbath caused a 74.2 +/- 2.0% inhibition of the C fiber evoked responses; such inhibitory processes have been termed diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC). The effects of microinjections of morphine (0.6-40 micrograms; 2 microliter) within the 3rd ventricle on both the unconditioned C-fiber-evoked responses and the inhibitory processes triggered from the tail were investigated in an attempt to answer two questions: 1) does i.c.v. morphine increase tonic descending inhibitory processes? and 2) what are the effects of i.c.v. morphine on descending inhibitory processes triggered phasically by noxious stimuli? The predominant effect of i.c.v. morphine on the C fiber-evoked responses was a facilitation (17 of 26 cases). Such a facilitation was dose-related in the 0.6 to 40 microgram range and naloxone reversible; it plateaued from 20 min after the microinjection. No clear relationship was found between the number of C-fiber evoked responses in the control sequences and the subsequent effect of i.c.v. morphine. Intracerebroventricular morphine clearly reduced DNIC in the majority of cases (21 of 26). Such a reduction was dose related in the 0.6 to 2.5 microgram range and naloxone reversible; it plateaued within 90 min of microinjection. No clear relationship was found between the changes in DNIC and either the number of C-fiber-evoked spikes in the control sequences or the changes in the C-fiber responses induced by i.c.v. morphine. Autoradiographic controls using [3H]morphine showed a labeling along the ventricle wall including the hypothalamus, the periaqueductal gray matter and the floor of the 4th ventricle, three regions which have been implicated in the control of nociceptive transmission at the spinal level. Diffusion from the ventricle wall was over a distance of 0.5 mm and was identical whether observed 20 or 95 min after the microinjections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3171977 TI - Favorable effect of catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibition by OR-462 in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. AB - A selective catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor, OR-462, was studied for its ability to affect pharmacokinetic properties of L-dopa after the p.o. administration of the inhibitor to rats and mice. When OR-462 was given to rats at the dose range of 0.3 to 30 mg/kg in conjunction with L-dopa and carbidopa, a dose-related and long-lasting (greater than 5 hr) increase in striatal L-dopa and dopamine levels as well as a reduction in 3-O-methyldopa levels were shown. For a 50% reduction of the 3-O-methyldopa levels a dose of 6 mg/kg of OR-462 was needed. The increase in striatal homovanillic acid, an O-methylated metabolite of dopamine which poorly penetrates the blood brain barrier, indicates that O methylation was not inhibited in the brain. In order to get the same dopamine levels in striatum the L-dopa dose could be lowered to one-fourth when OR-462 was added. The L-dopa-sparing effect of OR-462 given p.o. was also demonstrated in two behavioral parkinsonian models. OR-462 given at doses of 3 to 30 mg/kg in conjunction with L-dopa and carbidopa, dose-dependently potentiated the L-dopa induced reversal of hypoactivity in reserpinized mice. Likewise, the same doses of OR-462 caused a marked potentiation of L-dopa-induced contralateral turning behavior in rats with unilateral nigrostriatal lesions produced by 6 hydroxydopamine. The data suggest a possible beneficial effect of OR-462 in the therapy of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3171979 TI - Gentamicin-induced increases in cytosolic calcium in pig kidney cells (LLC-PK1). AB - LLC-PK1 cells, an established epithelial cell line derived from pig kidney, were tested as a model system for assessing the role of calcium in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Cell viability was evaluated by a vital dye exclusion procedure, and intracellular free calcium [Ca2+]i was measured employing Fura-2 fluorescence. Exposing cell suspensions (10(6)/ml) to concentrations of the drug, which had no apparent effect on viability, produced a rapid and prolonged increase in intracellular [Ca2+]. The perturbation of calcium homeostasis could be blocked by the addition of mepiperphenidol, an inhibitor of the organic cation transport system. We propose that LLC-PK1 cells are an appropriate model to study drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Gentamicin disrupts calcium homeostasis and causes plasma membrane alterations. Since mepiperphenidol blocked the gentamicin-induced Ca2+ increases, the data suggest that aminoglycosides enter the cell via the organic cation transporter. PMID- 3171980 TI - Effects of N-n-propylnorapomorphine enantiomers on single unit activity of substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons. AB - Prompted by conflicting reports of both agonist and antagonist properties of the S-(+)-enantiomer of the potent dopamine agonist R-(-)-N-n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA), we carried out extracellular, single unit recording studies to compare the effects of both enantiomers on substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons in male rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate. Like the classic dopamine agonist apomorphine, R-(-)-NPA inhibited cell firing in both populations. Mean cumulative doses to inhibit firing by 50% (ID50) were 0.53 micrograms/kg for nigral and 0.50 micrograms/kg for VTA dopamine cells, respectively, reflecting a potency for R-(-)-NPA 10-fold greater than that of apomorphine for inhibition of nigral dopamine cells (ID50 5.3 micrograms/kg). Inhibitions elicited by R-(-)-NPA could be fully reversed by i.v. haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg) but not by S-(+)-NPA in doses up to 0.9 mg/kg. Interestingly, S-(+) NPA also exhibited agonist activity in both cell groups but with a much lower potency than R-(-)-NPA. In addition, VTA dopamine cells displayed a significantly greater sensitivity to the drug: ID50 values of 149 micrograms/kg vs. 514 micrograms/kg for VTA and substantia nigra neurons, respectively (P less than .01). Prior administration of haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg) consistently and fully prevented the inhibitory effects of S-(+)-NPA on all cells tested, although subsequent administration of haloperidol (up to 1.6 mg/kg) did not reverse completely S-(+)-NPA-induced inhibitions in all cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171981 TI - Beneficial effects of a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor in endotoxic shock in the rat. AB - The effects of a highly selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, CGS8515 [methyl 2 [(3,4-dihydro-3,4-dioxo-1-naphthalenyl) amino]benzoate], on endotoxic shock sequelae and eicosanoid synthesis by peritoneal macrophages were evaluated in the rat. Pretreatment of peritoneal macrophages in vitro with CGS8515 significantly inhibited the synthesis (P less than .01) of immunoreactive leukotriene C4/leukotriene D4 stimulated by the calcium ionophore (A23187). Inhibition of 5 lipoxygenase produced significant shunting to immunoreactive thromboxane B2 formation (P less than .05). In rats sedated with ketamine.HCl (82.5 mg/kg) and xylazine. HCl (27.5 mg/kg), i.v. injection of Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin (25 mg/kg i.v.) produced significant decreases at 30 min in mean arterial pressure (from 89 +/- 4 to 44 +/- 8 mm Hg, N = 5, P less than .001); in white blood cell count (from 10.8 +/- 0.6 to 6.5 +/- 0.8 x 10(3)/mm3, N = 5, P less than .01); in platelet count (from 687 +/- 66 to 392 +/- 65 x 10(3)/mm3, N = 5, P less than .01); and produced an increase of hematocrit (from 46 +/- 1.2 to 57.4 +/- 1.8%, N = 5, P less than .03). CGS8515 (5 mg/kg i.v. 30 min before endotoxin injection, N = 6) blunted the endotoxin-induced hypotension by 35% (P less than .001), the leukopenia by 24% (P less than .03), the thrombocytopenia by 45% (P less than .006) and the hemoconcentration by 16% (P less than .03), compared to the shocked control rats 30 min after endotoxin injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171982 TI - Cholinergic influences on sleep-wake patterns and breathing movements in the fetus. AB - Fetal lambs were prepared for chronic intrauterine recording of behavioral states and breathing movements during the third trimester of pregnancy. Pilocarpine administered directly to the fetus produced an immediate change from quiet sleep to arousal. Neither the time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep nor the latency to REM sleep was affected. Associated with this change in sleep-wake patterns, pilocarpine produced a dose-dependent increase in the incidence of fetal breathing movements. These effects of pilocarpine on behavioral states and breathing movements were blocked by atropine sulfate but not by methylatropine. We conclude that the increased incidence of breathing movements produced by pilocarpine are due, in part, to increased arousal at the expense of quiet sleep. As a result, the fetus alternates between arousal and REM sleep, and this behavioral pattern results in sustained breathing movements. In addition, pilocarpine increases the incidence of breathing movements in all three behavioral states. These effects of pilocarpine are mediated primarily via central muscarinic sites of action. PMID- 3171983 TI - Effects of salicylate vs. aspirin on renal prostaglandins and function in normal and sodium-depleted dogs. AB - The effects of aspirin (acetylsalicylate) (ASA) and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on renal prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis and function have been studied extensively. In contrast, the in vivo effects of a nonacetylated salicylate (SA), such as sodium SA, on renal function have not been well characterized. No studies have examined the effects of SA on renal function in a situation in which the maintenance of normal kidney function is dependent upon intact renal PG synthesis (i.e., sodium restriction-elevated plasma renin activity). To evaluate the effects of SA vs ASA and/or a NSAID, normal and sodium restricted anesthetized dogs were treated with SA and then meclofenamate (MECLO) or ASA followed by MECLO. In the normal animals, SA significantly decreased renal PGE2 and PGF2 alpha excretion. After SA a significant amount of MECLO suppressible PGE2 and PGF2 alpha synthesis remained intact. Compared to SA, with ASA there was a greater decrease in PG excretion, with no further decrease in PG excretion with subsequent MECLO treatment. In the sodium-restricted animals (plasma renin activity, 18-24 ng of angiotensin l/ml/hr) ASA decreased PGE2 excretion but SA did not. In these animals SA did not cause renal vasoconstriction. Additional groups of sodium-restricted animals were studied with extremely high doses of ASA and SA (90 mg/kg) to elevate plasma SA to 200 to 250 micrograms/ml. In these animals SA did decrease PGE2 excretion significantly, but only to levels seen typically in normal animals and, after SA, a large amount of PGE2 excretion could be suppressed by MECLO.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3171984 TI - Co-ordinated variations in chloride-dependent potassium transport and cell water in normal human erythrocytes. AB - 1. The capacity of the loop-diuretic-sensitive Na+-K+-Cl- system in normal human erythrocytes shows tenfold interindividual variation between different donors, although the transport rate is constant from month to month for any one donor. 2. The present work shows that this variation in Na+-K+-Cl- transport is inversely correlated with a low-capacity loop-diuretic-insensitive K+ transport, which is chloride dependent and is stimulated by cell swelling in hypotonic media. 3. These variations in K+ transport from donor to donor are related to cell water. Those donors who show high loop-diuretic-sensitive Na+-K+-Cl- co-transport have lower cell water and vice versa. PMID- 3171985 TI - Hysteresis and the length dependence of calcium sensitivity in chemically skinned rat cardiac muscle. AB - 1. The relationship between pCa (-log10[Ca2+]) and steady-state isometric tension has been investigated in saponin- or Triton-treated (chemically 'skinned') cardiac muscle of rat. 2. Hysteresis exists in the relationship such that the muscle is less sensitive to Ca2+ during increasing activation (as [Ca2+] is stepped upward) than during reducing activation (as [Ca2+] is stepped downward). 3. The extent of the hysteresis is insensitive to interventions that increase overall calcium sensitivity by chemical means, such as caffeine, carnosine or increased pH. 4. The extent of the hysteresis is sensitive to sarcomere length. The phenomenon is virtually absent above sarcomere lengths of about 2.2-2.3 microns but becomes progressively greater at shorter sarcomere lengths. 5. The effect of sarcomere length on calcium sensitivity is restricted to the upward going (increasing activation) part of the pCa-tension loop below 2.2 microns. The downward-going (decreasing activation) part of the hysteretic relationship is virtually unaffected by sarcomere length up to 2.2 microns. 6. Significant alterations in sarcomere length do not occur during tension development in the experiments described here: the phenomenon is not attributable to experimental artifacts of this kind. 7. Hysteresis develops sufficiently rapidly to be consistent with a physiological relevance during the normal heart beat. 8. The effects of sarcomere length show that the phenomenon is not due to force per se since, for example, greater peak force produces less hysteresis as sarcomere length is increased towards 2.2 microns. 9. Tonicity increase (by high-molecular weight dextran), which shrinks the myofilament lattice, increases calcium sensitivity but reduces the effect of sarcomere length on calcium sensitivity. 10. The results suggest that lattice shrinkage is the mechanism which accounts for hysteresis in, and the sarcomere length dependence of, calcium sensitivity in cardiac muscle. PMID- 3171986 TI - Gastroduodenal motor activity associated with gastric emptying rate in sheep. AB - 1. Gastric emptying rate was calculated from dye dilution and was measured as the net flow over periods of 5 days through an electromagnetic probe inserted into a T-cannula, 5 cm beyond the pylorus in conscious hay-fed sheep. The net aboral flow was related to the motor activity of the antrum and duodenal bulb which was recorded via chronically fixed strain-gauge transducers. Nichrome wire electrodes were also implanted in order to quantify the electrical activity of the musculature associated with the abomasal outflow in sheep sustained on a liquid diet infused at fixed rates. 2. The abomasal outflow occurred as gushes of 2.1 9.2 ml associated with antroduodenal contractions during 90-95% of the recording time. In the sheep eating 0.7 kg/day hay, the daily outflow of chyme was 5.1 l which increased to 7.5 l of less viscous chyme when the sheep was fed 1 kg/day lucerne hay. During gastric infusion of 3.9 and 7.9 l of the liquid diet, the outflow was 5.7 and 8.3 l/day respectively of low-viscosity chyme propelled as gushes of 5.9-6.9 ml during 95% of the recording time. 3. Increasing the viscosity of the liquid diet with guar-gum caused a reduction in both antroduodenal motility and flow. Dilution of the liquid diet with saline doubled the flow as a result of an increase in the amplitude of the antral contractions. Circadian variations in outflow were also related to concomitant variations in antral motility. 4. It is concluded that the minute-to-minute flow rate of chyme through the pylorus could be satisfactorily measured at the duodenal bulb level and related to the motor activity of the antrum and duodenum. The rate of abomasal outflow depended primarily upon the strength of antral contractions, while the viscosity of the chyme also appeared capable of exerting a major influence on the outflow rate. PMID- 3171987 TI - Spike propagation and conduction failure in the rat neural lobe. AB - 1. Single units were recorded from the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system in vivo to test the hypothesis that action potential conduction failure might contribute to the relative inefficiency of neurohypophysial hormone release at low frequencies of stimulation, and following prolonged stimulation. 2. Recordings were made from the cell bodies of supraoptic neurones which project to the neural lobe of the pituitary. Stimuli applied to the neural lobe evoked antidromic action potentials (in ten of forty cells) at times when the axonal membrane at the site of stimulation should have been refractory following the passage of a spontaneous, orthodromically conducted action potential. This observation suggests that failure of orthodromic action potentials may occur intermittently in the neural lobe. 3. Recordings from single units in the neural lobe showed similar spontaneous patterns of activity to those seen from cell bodies in the supraoptic nucleus. 4. Stimuli applied to the neural stalk evoked orthodromically conducted spikes in these single units: evoked spikes followed stimulation faithfully at 50-80 Hz for 1 s or at 20 Hz for 1 min. Such stimulation was accompanied by a reduction in spike height and a prolongation of latency. 5. Comparable changes were seen in the latency and amplitude of evoked potentials recorded from the neural lobe with low-resistance electrodes. 6. Stalk stimulation at 50 Hz for 1 s was accompanied by a reduction in the threshold for initiation of action potentials, suggesting an increase in the excitability of neural lobe axons. 7. We conclude that, during low-frequency activation, spike failure occurs intermittently in neurohypophysial axons, and that changes in the excitability of the axons during activation at high frequencies may contribute to the facilitation of neurohypophysial hormone release that occurs with increasing frequencies of stimulation. PMID- 3171989 TI - Effects of pulse frequency on single-unit baroreceptor activity during sine-wave and natural pulses in dogs. AB - 1. Previous studies using sine-wave pulses have shown that changes in pulse frequency do not alter single-unit activity per unit time. Since baroreceptor activity is phasic with most of the activity occurring in systole, we reasoned that the lack of effect of pulse frequency is due to the associated reciprocal change in duration of systole with sine-wave pulses. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that change in frequency using natural arterial pulses alters baroreceptor unit activity per unit time. 2. In chloralose-anaesthetized dogs the isolated carotid sinus was connected to an electromagnetic pressure converter driven by a voltage generator that controlled pulse pressure and sine-wave pulse rate. To generate a natural pulse the converter was driven by the output from the pressure channel used to record arterial pressure. Systolic and diastolic pressures were maintained constant by a pressurized air source and an adjustable control on the voltage generator. The rate of natural pulses was decreased by electrical stimulation of the peripheral right vagus nerve which slowed the heart rate of the dog. 3. Decreases in sine-wave rate by approximately 73 pulses/min (from 156 +/- 2 to 83 +/- 1 pulses/min) at a mean pressure of 114 +/- 8 mmHg (n = 13) did not alter activity per unit time (28 +/- 3 vs. 29 +/- 3 spikes/s). 4. In contrast, decreases in natural pulse rate by an average of 78 pulses/min (from 182 +/- 7 to 104 +/- 15 pulses/min) at a comparable mean pressure (104 +/- 7 mmHg) (n = 9) decreased activity per unit time by 28% from 32 +/- 4 to 23 +/- 4 spikes/s (P less than 0.05). Similar findings were observed in five of six single units using an intact (normally perfused) carotid sinus preparation in dogs with heart block and cardiac pacing. 5. The results indicate that a change in natural pulse rate is an important determinant of single-unit baroreceptor activity. PMID- 3171988 TI - Short- and long-latency muscarinic inhibition of noradrenaline release from rabbit atria induced by vagal stimulation. AB - 1. The influence of the time interval between vagal and sympathetic nerve stimuli on the magnitude of muscarinic inhibition of noradrenaline release was studied in the isolated perfused rabbit atria preparation. The transmitter stores were labelled with [14C]choline and [3H]noradrenaline. 2. The right cardiac postganglionic sympathetic nerves were stimulated at 3 Hz for 3 min three times at intervals of 10 min. The [3H]noradrenaline outflow evoked by the second stimulation equalled the averaged means of the log values of amine outflows evoked by the first and third stimulations. 3. During the second sympathetic stimulation the right vagus nerve was stimulated (3 Hz, 3 min) in such a way that the impulses preceded the sympathetic stimuli by a fixed time interval varying within the range 0.3-283 ms. Outflow of [3H]noradrenaline was then compared with the individual 'expected value' calculated from the first and the third nerve stimulations. 4. [3H]Noradrenaline outflow was significantly decreased when the sympathetic impulses were delayed for between 3 and 10 ms or between 200 and 283 ms with respect to the vagus impulses. No significant inhibition of [3H]noradrenaline outflow occurred with delay times between 0.3 and 1.7 or 30 and 167 ms. Acetylcholine release was unaffected by varying the impulse delay time. 5. Atropine (1-300 nM) decreased and eventually abolished vagally mediated inhibition of [3H]noradrenaline outflow at both the 3 and 233 ms impulse delay periods and the evoked outflow of [14C]choline and [14C]acetylcholine was then approximately doubled. No enhancement of [3H]noradrenaline outflow was observed at an intermediate impulse delay time (100 ms) in the presence of atropine. 6. In the presence of (+)-tubocurarine (10 microM) [3H]noradrenaline outflow was unaffected by vagal stimulation at either the short or the long impulse delay time whereas that of [14C]choline and [14C]acetylcholine dropped to 3.4% (short) and 4.6% (long) of the control values. 7. Allowing for estimated conduction times in the vagal and sympathetic nerve pathways, the initial peak of muscarinic inhibition of noradrenaline release corresponds with excitation of the terminal cholinergic fibres occurring 20 ms before their adrenergic counterparts. A 'silent period' follows and then a second phase of muscarinic presynaptic inhibition occurs, peaking 250 ms after excitation of the cholinergic nerve terminals and levelling off completely within 100 ms. 8. It is concluded that both inhibitory peak responses are caused by a single volley of acetylcholine that affects two separate populations of muscarinic receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3171990 TI - Effect of training on maximal oxygen uptake and aerobic capacity of locomotory muscles in tufted ducks, Aythya fuligula. AB - 1. The effects of artificial swim training on maximal oxygen consumption and heart rate, as well as on the capillarity and oxidative capacity of locomotory muscles, have been studied in the tufted duck, Aythya fuligula. 2. The artificial training programme resulted in a 27% increase in maximal oxygen consumption, mainly as a result of an increase in muscle capillarity (20% increase in capillary/fibre ratio). In addition, activity of an oxidative enzyme, citrate synthase, increased (by 42%) and there was a significant transformation of fibre types in the lateral gastrocnemius muscle. 3. Altering the duration and nature of the training stimulus, for example flying and diving, can bring about different degrees of muscular adaptation, particularly in oxidative capacity. PMID- 3171991 TI - An electrophysiological and anatomical study of intestinal afferent fibres in the rat. AB - 1. The afferent innervation of the distal ileum has been examined in normal rats and in rats treated at birth with capsaicin. Electrophysiological recordings were made using an in vitro preparation of distal ileum and its associated mesenteric nerves. The fibre composition of the mesenteric nerves was examined by electron microscopy and the numbers of primary afferent fibres innervating a segment of distal ileum was estimated using retrograde tracing. 2. Recordings were made from 120 single afferent units all of which showed some degree of background activity. The conduction velocities of sixty-seven afferent units were estimated, and all were found to be in the C-fibre range (less than 2 m/s). Eighty-two units were sufficiently studied to allow their classification according to whether they responded to mechanical stimuli (M units), chemical stimuli (Ch units) or both mechanical and chemical stimuli (MCh units). In control rats 85.5% were classified as MCh units, 11.9% as M units and 2.6% as Ch units. In capsaicin treated rats six single and three multi-units were MCh and one multi-unit was classified as an M recording. 3. The effects of intraluminal distension were investigated in sixty-seven units which were classified according to whether or not they adapted during the distension. About half the total units were classified as rapidly adapting, the other half were slowly adapting. This distribution was similar for the MCh-units, but of the eight M units tested, seven adapted during distension. The distension thresholds were tested in thirty units, of which twenty-eight responded at thresholds below 18 mmHg. There were no differences in the thresholds of units from control and capsaicin-treated rats. 4. The chemosensitivity of units was tested in response to acetylcholine (ACh), bradykinin and substance P. Most units tested responded to ACh (78% of MCh units tested) and bradykinin (80% of MCh units), but fewer units responded to substance P (about 50% of MCh units). ACh produced an increased tension which outlasted the increase in afferent activity. Bradykinin gave long-lasting afferent responses which were not always accompanied by increases in tension. The increases in afferent activity produced by substance P were often seen after an increase in tension. 5. The fluorescent dye True Blue injected into the wall of the ileum labelled cell bodies in the spinal and nodose ganglia, predominantly on the left side of an animal. The mean number of labelled cells per animal was eighty-seven, of which the majority was in the T10-T13 spinal ganglia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3171992 TI - Potassium secretion by rat distal colon during acute potassium loading: effect of sodium, potassium intake and aldosterone. AB - 1. Potassium secretion by the distal colon before and during intravenous infusion of a potassium load was measured in vivo in groups of rats treated in various ways: A, normal control; B, adrenalectomized; C, sodium depleted; D, on potassium rich diet for 7 days; E, after 72 h aldosterone (1 microgram/h); F, after 72 h aldosterone (10 micrograms/h). 2. Potassium infusion produced no increase of secretion in the adrenalectomized rats but in all the other groups it increased by 2- to 3-fold. Secretion during infusion correlated well with the basal (pre infusion) rate and in groups C and D reached 140 +/- 15 and 173 +/- 17 nmol min-1 cm-1 respectively compared with 28 +/- 6 nmol min-1 cm-1 in the controls (A). The passive paracellular pathway for potassium was unaffected by the infusion. Amiloride (100 mumol/l) did not significantly affect potassium secretion rate either before or during the acute potassium infusion. The potassium channel blocker, tetraethylammonium chloride, reduced both basal and the secretion rate during infusion. 3. Transepithelial potential difference (PD), active sodium absorption and sodium fluxes were similar in normal controls and rats fed the potassium-rich diet. However, the PD was partially amiloride sensitive in the latter group although amiloride insensitive in the normal group. In sodium depleted rats, the PD was elevated and totally amiloride insensitive. 4. In both aldosterone-treated groups (E and F), basal potassium secretion rate was high and similar, and during potassium infusion rose 3-fold to 114 +/- 24 (E) and 105 +/- 5 (F) nmol min-1 cm-1. However, the PD was not elevated significantly in group E and was only partially amiloride sensitive, whereas in those infused at the higher rate (F) the PD was increased and was totally amiloride sensitive. 5. The high potassium secretion rates developed by this epithelium in sodium-restricted and potassium-enriched dietary states appear to depend on the presence of an amiloride-insensitive transcellular potassium pathway which is induced at a lower level of aldosterone stimulation than is the amiloride-sensitive transcellular sodium pathway. PMID- 3171993 TI - Step-related discharges of Purkinje cells in the paravermal cortex of the cerebellar anterior lobe in the cat. AB - 1. Extracellular recordings were made of the simple spike discharges of Purkinje cells in the lateral part of the paravermal cortex of lobule V in the cerebellum of awake cats. The cells were located within the c2 and c3 zones of Oscarsson (1979). 2. The peripheral receptive fields in which light mechanical stimuli could evoke simple spikes were examined in 252 Purkinje cells. Ninety-two per cent were activated by stimulation of the ipsilateral forelimb and 52% of 113 tested cells also discharged simple spikes in response to stimulation of the contralateral forelimb. The receptive fields were concentrated on the distal parts of the limbs: 67% of the 139 cells which were examined in most detail responded to stimulation of the paw or wrist of the ipsilateral forelimb. 3. In 135 of the Purkinje cells, the discharges were recorded during locomotion. Simple spikes were discharged at a mean rate of 54.3 +/- 27.8 impulses/s (S.D., n = 135) during steady walking on a belt moving at 0.5-0.7 m/s. The discharges of each cell were rhythmically modulated in time with the movements of stepping and although the timings of the discharges were highly variable between cells, activity in the population was greatest at the times of transition between the stance and swing phases in the ipsilateral forelimb and least during mid-stance. 4. As a population Purkinje cells with simple spike receptive fields on the distal parts of the forelimb(s) exhibited two activity maxima. These occurred during early stance and during the transition from stance to swing in the ipsilateral forelimb. Cells with receptive fields on the proximal parts of the limb achieved an activity maximum during late swing, and their average discharge rate fell at the time of onset of the swing phase in the ipsilateral forelimb instead of rising as was the case for the distal group. 5. The present results are compared with those from cells located more medially in the paravermal cortex. It is shown that medially located cells tend to discharge earlier in stance (or in late flexion) than laterally located cells with similar receptive fields. PMID- 3171994 TI - Some membrane properties of the circular muscle of chicken rectum and its non adrenergic non-cholinergic innervation. AB - 1. Membrane properties and innervation of the circular muscle of chicken rectum were investigated by recording intracellularly electrotonic potentials evoked by passing current, and excitatory and inhibitory junction potentials (EJPs and IJPs) evoked by electrical stimulation of the extrinsic or intrinsic nerves. 2. The membrane potential was -55 +/- 0.6 mV (n = 95). Action potentials of long duration (1.2-4.0 s) discharged spontaneously, or were generated when the membrane depolarization due to either electrotonic potential or EJP reached the threshold. The drug D600 blocked the generation of action potentials. 3. Electrotonic potentials spread fairly well in the longitudinal direction of the muscle fibres but not in the transverse direction. The longitudinal space constant was 1.7 +/- 0.2 mm (n = 10) and the membrane time constant was 205 +/- 21 ms (n = 10). 4. Field stimulation of intramural nerves evoked an EJP followed by a long-lasting IJP (3-12 s in total duration) in most cells, and an EJP alone or an IJP alone in a small number of cells. The EJP and IJP were preserved in the simultaneous presence of atropine and guanethidine, but abolished with tetrodotoxin. 5. Stimulation of Remak's nerve trunk or its branches produced EJPs which were atropine resistant and guanethidine resistant just like the EJP elicited by intramural nerve stimulation. The extrinsic nerve stimulation was ineffective in eliciting IJPs. 6. The EJP amplitude declined in a linear manner as the distance from the stimulating site of intramural nerves was increased. The decline was much greater along the transverse axis than the longitudinal axis of circular muscle fibres. 7. The reversal potential for the EJP was estimated by extrapolation to be about - 15.3 +/- 0.3 mV (n = 7). 8. Apamin did not inhibit the IJP. During the hyperpolarization of a single IJP or summed IJPs, electrotonic potentials remained unchanged or slightly decreased in amplitude. PMID- 3171996 TI - Reduced voluntary electromyographic activity after fatiguing stimulation of human muscle. AB - 1. After ischaemic ankle dorsiflexor muscles had been fatigued by repetitive stimulation of the peroneal nerve at 15 Hz, there was a reduction in voluntary EMG activity which persisted as long as the arterial cuff remained inflated. 2. The reduction in voluntary EMG activity could not have been due to loss of excitability at the neuromuscular junctions or muscle fibre membranes since the M waves (muscle compound action potentials) evoked by peroneal nerve stimulation were well maintained. 3. The preceding observations were consistent with the view that the reduction in EMG activity was due to reflex inhibition of motoneurones by afferents from the fatigued muscle. 4. The absence of responses to stimuli interpolated among the voluntary activity indicated that any motor units which could not be recruited in the fatigued muscle were no longer capable of generating tension. PMID- 3171995 TI - Activity-dependent and -independent synaptic interactions during reinnervation of partially denervated rat muscle. AB - 1. Reinnervation of adult rat fourth deep lumbrical muscles was studied, following extensive partial denervation of the hindfoot by crushing the lateral plantar nerve (LPN). Most muscles remained innervated by between one and five motor axons supplied by the sural nerve (SN). Intact SN motor units expanded as a result of collateral sprouting. Virtually complete collateral reinnervation occurred in muscles containing more than two SN motor units. Twitch tension measurements from isolated muscles suggested that most of the sprouts evoked suprathreshold responses from the muscle fibres they innervated. Intracellular recordings suggested that only a small percentage of sprouts evoked subthreshold end-plate potentials. 2. Lateral plantar nerve motor axons returned to the lumbrical muscles within 15-18 days and subsequently reinnervated muscle fibres already innervated by SN motor nerve terminals. Nerve conduction in the regenerating axons was then blocked for 7-15 days by chronic superfusion with tetrodotoxin. In both LPN-blocked and control (LPN crushed but not blocked) animals, isometric tetanic tension overlap and intracellular recordings showed that some lumbrical muscle fibres became innervated exclusively by regenerating LPN motor axons. 3. With time, the tension evoked by stimulating regenerating motor axons increased and there was a parallel fall in the tension produced by stimulating the intact motor units. The extent of reinnervation by LPN motor axons was inversely related to the number of remaining SN motor units. In comparable muscles, regenerated LPN-blocked motor units produced only about half the tension of the controls. Selective glycogen depletion of motor units and intracellular recordings of end-plate potentials indicated that this was due to reduced numbers of muscle fibres innervated by the blocked motor axons. 4. Nerve conduction block prolonged the time course of the isometric twitch in regenerated motor units, and increased the duration of the end-plate potential in muscle fibres innervated only by the regenerating axons. LPN block did not affect the recovery of the latency of the end-plate potential. The regenerated motor units were more resistant to fatigue caused by continuous 4 Hz nerve stimulation than intact SN units, but the resistance to fatigue of LPN-blocked motor units was no different from the controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3171997 TI - Conduction of neural impulses in human mechanoreceptive cutaneous afferents. AB - 1. It was the aim of the present study to isolate and identify the components underlying the human sensory compound action potential and to study their axonal conduction velocities and refractory periods. For this purpose the technique of percutaneous microneurography was combined with intradermal electrical stimulation of nerve fibre terminals. Sixty-four median and ulnar nerve afferents innervating the glabrous skin of the digits were isolated and type identified. 2. The range of axonal conduction velocities was wide (20-60 m/s), but similar for each afferent category (20-60 m/s). Most afferents conducted slower than expected from the intrafascicularly recorded compound potential (50-60 m/s) and their conduction velocities generally decreased from the base to the tip of the digits. 3. The duration of the absolute axonal refractory periods of all types of afferents ranged from 0.7 to 3.5 ms. The duration of the total refractory periods ranged from 3 to 9 ms. Both absolute and total axonal refractory periods were inversely correlated (r = -0.70 and r = -0.67) with their axonal conduction velocities. 4. The size of individual action potentials was significantly correlated with axonal conduction velocities, although the correlation coefficient was relatively low (r = 0.43), even after correction for variability due to electrode resistance (partial correlation r = 0.44). 5. The results showed that different types of cutaneous afferents cannot be separated on the basis of their axonal conduction properties. The data demonstrate features of neural impulse conduction along the entire axonal tree and which are inaccessible to routine electrodiagnostic procedures. The present approach provides a sensitive means for assessing, in health and disease, nerve conduction in terminal axons. PMID- 3171998 TI - Role of the human fusimotor system in a motor adaptation task. AB - 1. Single-unit activity was recorded with the microneurographic technique from the radial nerve of attending human subjects. During active finger movements, impulses in spindle afferents from the extensor digitorum muscle were analysed along with joint movements, size of imposed load and EMG activity of the receptor bearing muscle. 2. In a simple motor adaptation task the subjects were requested to perform ramp-and-hold movements of prescribed amplitudes and velocities at a single metacarpo-phalangeal joint. A test run consisted of a series of movement cycles when the flexor muscle was continuously loaded with a constant torque, immediately followed by cycles when this load was abruptly decreased during the flexion movement, producing a fast stretch of the receptor-bearing muscle. The subjects' task was to strive for movements of constant velocity and particularly to minimize the effect of the disturbance. In order to allow prediction on the basis of immediately preceding cycles, the disturbance was always injected at the same angular position in a number of successive cycles. 3. Motor adaptation was manifested as a successive decrease of the perturbation amplitude, usually associated with the development of a continuous and growing EMG activity in the parent muscle and a growing reflex response of long latency (60 ms). Short latency reflexes were not seen. 4. The main mechanism accounting for the improved performance was a co-contraction of the agonist-antagonist muscle pair during voluntary movements, producing an increased muscular stiffness. The reflex did not contribute to the motor adaptation because it was not fast enough to curtail the perturbation. 5. The development and the growth of the reflex were not due to a growing fusimotor drive during adaptation, because spindle discharge actually decreased when the reflex increased. The size of spindle response was related to the amplitude of perturbation rather than to the amplitude of the reflex. These findings suggest that reflex modifications were due to central excitability changes which paralleled the muscle contraction. 6. Spindle firing rate during active movements was generally higher in disturbed cycles compared to undisturbed cycles, indicating a higher fusimotor drive. Since muscle contraction was present mainly in the former, this finding may simply represent a case of fusimotor activation along with skeletomotor activation. No indication of an independence between the two was found. 7. The findings lend no support for the view that the size of the stretch reflex in a behavioural task is adjusted by selective changes of the fusimotor drive. PMID- 3171999 TI - The dorsal column projection of muscle afferent fibres from the cat hindlimb. AB - 1. The extent of the projection of hindlimb muscle afferent fibres ascending the dorsal columns has been studied in barbiturate-anaesthetized cats. This has been investigated using electrical stimulation of the dorsal columns at different spinal levels while recording from (i) peripheral muscle nerves, and (ii) single muscle afferent fibres within the dorsal columns. These two approaches have produced complementary results. 2. The conduction velocity of both group I and group II afferent fibres decreased progressively after entering the dorsal columns. 3. The majority of group I and group II fibres project at least as far as L2 but leave the dorsal columns at or before the lower thoracic segments. 4. By taking advantage of the lower electrical threshold of Ia compared to Ib fibres in the hamstring nerves, it could be shown that both Ia and Ib fibres leave the dorsal columns at similar locations. 5. A small number of afferent fibres were found to project to C1. On the basis of previous work it is likely that such fibres originate from Pacinian or paciniform corpuscles. PMID- 3172000 TI - A method to prevent patients from accidentally ingesting dental devices. PMID- 3172001 TI - The taper of clinical preparations for fixed prosthodontics. AB - Convergence angles of full-coverage preparations were measured in a clinical environment and compared with each other and the ideal taper of 4 to 10 degrees. Despite educational emphasis, the practical application of preparation design routinely exceeds the ideal taper and casts a different light on retention and resistance characteristics described in both laboratory and theoretical work. Comparison of preparations done by residents and by prosthodontists in this study showed that ideal preparation taper is seldom achieved. Given the complex interrelationships of clinical, theoretical, and mechanical factors that determine the retention and resistance characteristics of a preparation in vivo, it is advisable to design preparations that blend retentive characteristics with functional demands. Because it is difficult to assess preparation taper intraorally, efforts should be directed to using other retentive devices, especially on posterior preparations where ideal taper is difficult to achieve. PMID- 3172002 TI - A comparison of articulator settings obtained by using an electronic pantograph and lateral interocclusal recordings. AB - Articulator settings were obtained for two subjects 10 times in a 2-week period by using both a lateral interocclusal record technique and a Pantronic pantograph. The ORB and PSS articulator settings obtained from the two techniques were compared and the following conclusions drawn. 1. Over a 2-week period, the variance in the Pantronic pantograph ORB and PSS articulator settings was less than the variance in the setting obtained by using lateral interocclusal records. For the Pantronic pantograph technique, 95% of any ORB settings were within 2.5 degrees of the Pantronic pantograph mean and 95% of any PSS settings were within 1.9 degrees of the Pantronic pantograph mean. For the interocclusal record technique, 95% of the ORB settings made with interocclusal records were within 11.9 degrees of the mean for one subject and 13.4 degrees of the mean interocclusal records setting for the other subject. For the PSS settings, 95% of the interocclusal record settings were within 10.1 degrees of the mean setting for one subject and 11.6 degrees of the mean interoccusal record setting for the other subject. 2. In adjusting the ORB and PSS articulator settings, the maximum potential occlusal errors that may be produced by using the Pantronic pantograph are smaller than the maximum errors that may be produced in using the lateral interocclusal record technique. PMID- 3172003 TI - In vitro two-body wear of three veneering resins. PMID- 3172004 TI - A graphic comparison of mandibular border movements generated by various articulators. Part I: Methodology. AB - A method was described by which mandibular border movement of a subject can be compared with the movements generated by various articulators. The fully adjustable articulator, Denar SE, and the semiadjustable instrument, Denar Mark II, were used in this study. The movements were recorded by an electronic pantograph, the Pantronic. The mean values of 12 sets of print-out plots from this device were calculated by using Microsoft Excel software. These mean values were then used by CricatGraph software to generate combined graphs. Both software programs were used with an Apple Macintosh Plus personal computer. The clinical significance of the findings will be discussed in Part II of this study. PMID- 3172005 TI - Effects of sodium hypochlorite on denture base metals during immersion for short term sterilization. AB - The effects on Vitallium and Ticonium alloys immersed in different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite for various immersion times are described. The results of this investigation demonstrate that samples of these metals soaked in 2% sodium hypochlorite for at least 5 minutes or in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite for a minimum of 3 minutes were sterilized and not tarnished or corroded. Although Vitallium alloy was more resistant than Ticonium alloy to the deleterious effects of sodium hypochlorite, either metal can be safely immersed for sterilization purposes under the guidelines presented. Therefore, an effective and economical method for sterilizing removable partial denture frameworks made of chrome-cobalt or chrome nickel alloys is attainable through the proper use of household bleach. PMID- 3172006 TI - Chairside color verification for facial prostheses. AB - The coloring technique may be used for facial prosthetic materials that can be processed in gypsum molds. With different surface textures and varying thicknesses built into the technique, it is a reliable method for color verification of facial prosthesis before final processing. PMID- 3172007 TI - Correction of alveolar ridge deformities with titanium implants. AB - A technique for the correction of alveolar ridge defects with titanium implants has been described. Custom cast titanium implants enable the dentist to achieve precise, predictable, stable ridge augmentation previously unavailable with other techniques and materials. The extension of this technique for the correction of more complex alveolar defects is logical. PMID- 3172008 TI - Measuring diurnal variations in the dispersion of occlusal contacts. PMID- 3172009 TI - Prevalence of nocturnal and diurnal bruxism in patients with psoriasis. PMID- 3172012 TI - Comparisons between fixed partial dentures supported by blade-vent implants and removable partial dentures. PMID- 3172011 TI - Safe disposal of contaminated syringe needles. PMID- 3172010 TI - Measuring fracture toughness of high-impact poly(methyl methacrylate) with the short rod method. AB - A comparison between the plane strain fracture resistance (Klc) of high-impact PMMA and conventional resins was made. Because microcracks and surface irregularities can be introduced when PMMA is cut, a specially designed sample forming device that processed specimens with a minimal amount of machining was used. Specimens were made in the final shape of short rods as proposed by Barker and Barker and Baratta. The results showed that the fracture resistance (Klc) values of processed short rod specimens of high-impact Lucitone 199 resin were more than twice those of the control. PMID- 3172013 TI - Most ideal esthetics with prosthodontic treatment. PMID- 3172014 TI - Effects of incremental versus bulk fill technique on resistance to cuspal fracture of teeth restored with posterior composites. AB - Posterior resin placed with an incremental technique produces greater resistance to cuspal fracture than posterior resin placed with a bulk technique. P-30 composite placed by either a bulk fill or incremental technique produces greater resistance to cuspal fracture than Ful-fil composite. PMID- 3172015 TI - Long-term monitoring of microleakage of composites. Part I: Radiochemical diffusion technique. PMID- 3172016 TI - A comparison of compressive strengths of six cavity base materials. PMID- 3172017 TI - An electromyographic study of masticatory muscle activity at increased occlusal vertical dimension in complete denture wearers. PMID- 3172018 TI - The mandibular subperiosteal implant denture: a fourteen-year study. PMID- 3172019 TI - Attitudes of removable denture patients toward dental implants. PMID- 3172020 TI - Bite force duration: a diagnostic procedure for mandibular dysfunction. PMID- 3172021 TI - The effect of prior jaw motion on the plot of electromyographic amplitude versus jaw position. AB - Fabrication of interocclusal splint at a thickness determined by the vertical dimension at which the jaw muscle EMG amplitude is minimum has been recommended. However, the effect of prior jaw motion and the effect of the recording site on the EMG amplitudes and on the vertical dimension of minimum EMG activity have not been documented. IEMG amplitudes at various static jaw positions achieved during opening and during closing were analyzed in nine subjects. Surface IEMGs were recorded over the left anterior temporal muscle, left masseter and left suprahyoids muscles, and by nonspecific EMG recording as described by Rugh and Drago. The jaw position was recorded in 5 mm increments by a kinesiograph. After 30 seconds of relaxation, 10 successive IEMG reading at 4-second integration times were obtained at each recording site. These 10 recordings at each requested jaw position were averaged and analyzed. The IEMG activity changed with different jaw position. As the jaw opened from centric occlusion, the IEMG from jaw closing muscles decreased to a minimum and then increased with further opening. Moreover, the IEMG for a particular jaw position differed depending on the history of the jaw movement, that is, whether the position was achieved after an opening step or after a closing step. Two factors, the amount of jaw opening and the history of jaw movement to reach that position, seemed to influence the IEMG differently in each of the recorded muscles. PMID- 3172022 TI - An evaluation of the criteria used to diagnose mandibular dysfunction with the mandibular kinesiograph. PMID- 3172023 TI - A stereometric technique for measuring residual alveolar ridge volumes. PMID- 3172024 TI - Prosthetic management of post-surgical fistulas in patients with cleft lip and palate. PMID- 3172025 TI - [Interpretation of digoxin concentration and its metabolites in biological matter in medico-legal examinations]. PMID- 3172027 TI - [Clinical trials without immediate therapeutic purpose: opinion of the man on the street]. PMID- 3172026 TI - [Treatment of poisoning by aluminum phosphide ingestion: experimental approach]. PMID- 3172029 TI - Anxiety disorders, panic attacks and phobias. Proceedings of the Key Biscayne Research Conference. Key Biscayne, Florida, 9-11 December 1982. PMID- 3172028 TI - Medical management of occupational poisoning: report of 10 cases. PMID- 3172030 TI - Revised diagnostic criteria and a new structured interview for diagnosing anxiety disorders. AB - In recent years there has been a growing interest in the diagnosis and treatment of Anxiety Disorders. A fundamental assumption of the newer treatments is the identification of specific subtypes of Anxiety Disorders. Although the DSM-III classification of Anxiety Disorders is widely accepted, research experience since its publication in 1980 has identified many problems with the classification and diagnostic criteria for the individual Anxiety Disorders. This paper discusses these problems and solutions proposed by an advisory committee to the American Psychiatric Association Work Group to Revise DSM-III. This paper also describes a new structured diagnostic interview that can be used to make the DSM-III-R Anxiety Disorders diagnoses in adults: the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM III-R (SCID). The revised DSM-III-R criteria are embedded in this interview, which is modelled on the clinical diagnostic interview. Amongst the problems found in the DSM-III is that of multiple diagnoses and hierarchies. Although multiple diagnoses are encouraged where appropriate, the classification is organized hierarchically so that more pervasive disorders exclude the additional diagnosis of syndromes considered symptomatic of the more pervasive disorder. The exclusion criteria for the various disorders, which operationalize this hierarchical structure, have been criticized on various grounds, and research data on the concurrence of different syndromes suggest that the revision of DSM III might do well to eliminate some of the diagnostic hierarchies that prevent the joint diagnosis of different syndromes. Revisions that address these concerns are proposed in the exclusion criteria for most of the Anxiety Disorders. Revisions are also proposed in the inclusion criteria for several of the Anxiety Disorders, based upon clinical and research experience with the DSM-III criteria since its publication. PMID- 3172031 TI - The effects of beliefs about smoking and health on smoking cessation. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine whether beliefs of an American sample about smoking and health, as defined by cognitive orientation theory, would determine those smoking cessation program participants who would become abstainers and those who would not. Although the smoking cessation program was not designed to influence the specific kinds of beliefs studied, subscales measuring two of the four types of beliefs differentiated participants who would become abstainers from those who would not. Abstainers tended to have stronger goal beliefs about their desire to quit smoking, and stronger beliefs about the health-related implications of smoking. Participants' beliefs that they could resist an urge to smoke, which implied the use of coping skills, were more important in determining who would abstain from smoking than was their confidence that they could quit smoking, which implied the use of willpower. PMID- 3172032 TI - Undergraduate marijuana use and anger. AB - The Anger Expression Scale and a questionnaire regarding marijuana usage were administered to 497 undergraduate college students enrolled at a rural university in the midwestern United States. Four levels of marijuana use were defined by the questionnaire: nonuser, occasional user, frequent user, and daily user. No significant main effect was found on the Anger-In or Total Anger Expression scales, but differences among the four levels of use were noted on the Anger-Out scale. The trend analysis showed a significant linear trend for the Anger-Out and Total Anger Expression scales. Implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3172033 TI - Color associations of male and female fourth-grade school children. AB - Four groups (two male and two female) were asked to respond to a number of concepts with the first color that came to mind. Results led to the following conclusions: (a) We replicated Byrnes' (1983) findings that indicated that there is a definite color association among children to stimuli; (b) there was no significant difference between the responses of the male children and those of the female children; (c) two opposing findings concerning the perceived valence of colors were both supported by the data; and (d) we found that emotionally loaded stimuli evoked similar responses from males and females, whereas neutral stimuli elicited different responses. PMID- 3172034 TI - Restraining the elderly. PMID- 3172036 TI - Mumbling. A defense mechanism in therapy resistance. AB - Mumbling is a defense mechanism that is evidenced in therapy as resistance. Although mumbling is frustrating and annoying at times, it may be a helpful clue to some of the client's most anxiety-provoking thoughts or feelings. If the therapist can note the timing of the mumbling or the tone that accompanies it, these may be the first steps in focusing on the client's most resisted areas in therapy. PMID- 3172037 TI - Somatoform disorders. How to reduce overutilization of health care services. PMID- 3172038 TI - ANA urges Reagan to broaden AIDS plan. PMID- 3172035 TI - Narcissistic deficits in drug abusers: a self-psychological approach. AB - Using empathic abilities and basing understanding of clients on information as the client sees the situation, one can become much more able to detect what individual clients need to begin to feel better about themselves. This would truly add substance to the intervention by increasing self-esteem. By beginning to apply the client's perspective to one's understanding, the practitioner will discover greater depth and meaning, thus helping to change addictions treatment for the better. PMID- 3172039 TI - Radiation-induced fluorescence changes of 2'-deoxycytidine and cytidilyl-cytidine in aqueous solution. comparison with radiolytic behaviors of other nucleobase derivatives. PMID- 3172040 TI - Oxidation of molecular tritium by surface soils. PMID- 3172041 TI - Distribution of 90Sr and 137Cs in annual tree rings of Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica D. Don. PMID- 3172042 TI - Experimental repair of spinal cord lesions by grafting from CNS to PNS. AB - Based on the previous work of other researchers, we first removed 1 cm of the spinal cord of rats and grafted the gap with peripheral nerve. We obtained progression of regenerating axons inside the grafts, but regrowing axons halted at the distal cord level. We then tried directly to connect the cephalad stump of the cord with the sciatic nerve, several surgical models of which have been previously studied. The latest model uses a homologous sciatic nerve of an inbred Wistar rat, to bridge the gap between the lateral bundle of the cord, proximal to the origin of the sciatic roots, and the sciatic trunk distal to the fusion of its roots. Good reinnervation of the sciatic nerve and distal muscles was found. It was demonstrated by: a) the remyelination of regenerated nerve fibers, not only in the grafts but also in the sciatic nerve; b) re-innervation of motor endplates; and c) clinical and electromyographic muscle responses. Central nervous system (CNS) neurons are able to regenerate not only their axons through the CNS but also into peripheral nerves. The capacity of CNS neurons to neurotize peripheral nerves reaching terminal organs, is a basic finding. Many questions arise from the study, including: Can these results be extrapolated to humans? What would be the function of these regenerated fibers that might lack some of the control mechanisms peculiar to peripheral nerves? PMID- 3172043 TI - Arterialized venous flap coverage for skin defects of the hand or foot. AB - This is a report on 15 patients whose skin defects of the hand or foot were covered using an arterialized venous flap, with only arterial blood flowing through the vein of the flap. Success appeared to be influenced by the donor site and size of the flap. When a small-size flap from the forearm was used, the success rate was almost 100 percent; however, there was a 50 percent failure rate when a large flap from the leg was used. This technique provides not only flap coverage for exposed bone and tendon, but also provides one-stage procedures for digits in need of revascularization and skin coverage. PMID- 3172044 TI - Microvascular revascularization of the tongue. AB - Revascularization of the tongue, employing microvascular techniques, is useful in cases where the blood supply to this organ must be interrupted to allow for adequate exposure or for adequate margins. A case is presented in which the left lingual artery was divided for purposes of exposure and the right artery was interrupted to encompass the entire tumor. This patient also underwent a total laryngopharyngectomy with jejunal free flap interposition. The blood supply of the tongue was successfully reestablished by anastomosing the right lingual artery to the right facial artery. The patient made an uneventful recovery. PMID- 3172045 TI - Vascular medullary patency in free vascularized bone grafts: CT scan experimental study. AB - In an experimental study using 13 mongrel adult dogs, 6 cm of the anterior part of the left ninth rib were harvested, including the posterior intercostal vessels. The grafts were transferred, based on the periosteal circulation alone, to a previously induced femoral head ischemic necrosis. Microsurgical anastomoses were performed between the posterior intercostal vascular bundle and the caudal gluteal vessels at the recipient thigh zone. Using a high resolution CT scan and morphologic evaluation, it was demonstrated that the medullary circulation network filled on contrast medium. The entire cortex and medullary cavity were supplied from endosteal vessels coming from a reversed periosteal blood flow. PMID- 3172046 TI - Factors influencing the failure of microsurgical composite tissue transplantation. AB - To increase the possibility of successful composite tissue transplantations, it is important to decide where an anastomosis should be done if the recipient artery is damaged. Experiments in the reported study demonstrated first, that if there is a branch from a damaged artery that constitutes a sufficient collateral route, the success rate of anastomosis just above the branch is significantly higher than just below (p less than 0.01). Second, when recipient arteries are dissected in preparation for anastomosis, the vessels should have high-pressure outflow to assure a successful outcome. Third, if both recipient and donor arteries are normal and not damaged, anastomosis where turbulence is likely to occur will present no problems. Finally, anastomosis of vessels 0.7 mm in external diameter can be uniformly successful. PMID- 3172047 TI - Bursting strength in CO2 laser-assisted microvascular anastomoses. AB - Iliac artery end-to-end anastomoses were performed in 42 Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into seven groups, to determine the welding effects of CO2 laser radiation in microvascular anastomoses. Conventional suture techniques were performed on right iliac arteries, and left iliac arteries were anastomosed with a laser-assisted technique. Bursting strength and diameters of the anastomotic sites were measured at different intervals (from one day to five weeks) post surgery. The anastomotic patency rate was 100 percent in both groups, and the aneurysm rate was only 2 percent in the laser group. Bursting strength was low at one and three days post surgery in both groups; then, it increased gradually until both groups could withstand higher than physiologic pressures. Results of high patency rates, low aneurysm formation, and the ability to withstand pressures higher than physiologic, suggest that the laser-assisted anastomotic technique can play an important role in microvascular surgery. PMID- 3172048 TI - Comparative electrophysiologic evaluation of nerve grafts and autogenous vein grafts as nerve conduits: an experimental study. AB - This study was carried out to compare electrophysiologically the efficacy of autogenous vein grafts, with autogenous nerve grafts as conduits for nerve regeneration. A 0.75-cm segment of sciatic nerve was resected in two groups of Sprague-Dawley rats of equivalent maturity. The nerve gaps were bridged with an autogenous vein graft in the first group (31 rats), and an autogenous nerve graft in the second group (24 rats). Serial in vivo nerve conduction velocity studies and terminal in vitro nerve conduction velocity and nerve action potential measurements were performed. An additional group of 21 animals who had undergone no surgical procedures, were similarly studied to establish an age-adjusted baseline for comparison. Twelve animals in the first group, 14 in the second group, and 13 in the baseline group survived the full year of study. In vivo conduction velocities between the two experimental groups compared favorably. Nerve conduction velocity determined by in vitro technique confirmed this finding and measured similarly at about 78 percent of the baseline. Nerve action potential amplitude in the vein-grafted group was 12.0 percent of the baseline, while the nerve-grafted group was 23.9 percent of the baseline. This study demonstrated that the vein graft compares well with the nerve graft in nerve conduction velocity, but only one-half as well in nerve action potential. PMID- 3172049 TI - Vein graft for repair of peripheral nerve gap. AB - Ten millimeter gaps in sciatic nerves of rats were repaired by vein grafting (n = 30) and by nerve grafting (n = 30). Electrophysiologic evaluation demonstrated that the nerve-graft group had a significantly higher percentage of re innervation and shorter delay of terminal latency in myoelectrical response evoked by electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve, compared with the vein graft group at two and three months. But there were no differences between the two grafted groups after six months. In both grafted groups, the numbers of myelinated nerve fibers increased substantially over time, although the vein grafted segments had smaller numbers of fibers than the nerve-grafted segments at both three and 12 months. Microangiograms also demonstrated different patterns of revascularization between the two groups. Results suggest that, although autologous vein grafting requires a longer period of time for nerve regeneration, compared with autologous nerve grafting, its ability to repair nerve is considerable. PMID- 3172050 TI - Epidural anesthesia during lower extremity free tissue transfer. AB - A continuous epidural bupivacaine infusion was used for anesthesia in 20 patients who underwent lower extremity free tissue transfer. In 60 percent of the patients, general anesthesia supplementation with nitrous oxide was used for comfort during prolonged lying on the operating table. In all cases, this technique provided adequate surgical anesthesia with no obvious untoward effects. The same infusion was used in seven patients who underwent further operative procedures a few days later. This technique is simple, requires minimal or no general anesthesia supplementation, provides a perioperative and postoperative sympathectomy effect, and provides postoperative analgesia or anesthesia for as long as it is continued. PMID- 3172052 TI - The home microsurgery laboratory. PMID- 3172051 TI - The pulse oximeter in free muscle flap surgery. "A microvascular surgeon's sleep aid". AB - An open lower tibial fracture and an associated soft tissue defect were covered with a free latissimus muscle flap and skin graft. A 1.5 x 3.5 cm skin island "buoy" supplied by a single myocutaneous perforator was left attached to the revascularized muscle flap for seven days and monitored with a pulse oximeter. Pulsatile arterial flow and O2 saturation in the revascularized free flap were accurately and reliably followed postoperatively. PMID- 3172053 TI - Immunization with a syngeneic regressor tumor causes resorption in allo-pregnant mice. AB - The purpose of our studies is to establish experimental systems in which one can deliberately disrupt the apparent maternal tolerance toward the semiallogeneic fetuses. Bases on the hypothesis that immunization against tumor-associated antigens may lead to a subsequent immune response directed against cross-reacting fetal antigens, we have immunized C57BL/6J female mice with a syngeneic regressor tumor. Mice were subsequently mated to B6D2F1, DBA/2, CBA/J or C57BL/6J males. We show that a high proportion of embryos sired by either B6D2F1 or DBA/2 males undergo resorption whereas those engendered by CBA/J or C57BL/6J males remain fully protected. PMID- 3172054 TI - Evaluation of a simplified adenosine triphosphate release cytotoxicity test for the detection of sperm antibodies in human serum. AB - The adenosine triphosphate release cytotoxicity test (ARCT) is an objective method for the detection of cytotoxic sperm antibodies in serum providing measurements without the bias of microscopic estimation. The procedure has been simplified by testing only one serum dilution and calculating the "sperm toxicity index". The latter is closely correlated with the sperm cytotoxic titer. Immunoglobulin class determination of 32 sera with sperm cytotoxic activity was performed by means of the indirect mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR test) and the indirect immunobead (IB) test, and revealed that all sera were positive for IgG, 17% for IgM and 20% for IgA. Of 32 sera without sperm cytotoxic activity, 19% contained sperm specific IgG, 6% had IgM class antibodies belong mainly to the IgG class since the results of the ARCT and the indirect MAR test for IgG are closely correlated. The ARCT appears to be useful as a simple and objective method for the detection and quantitation of cytotoxic antisperm antibodies. PMID- 3172055 TI - Purification and characterisation of an immunosuppressive factor from normal human seminal plasma. AB - We have previously described the presence of a human seminal plasma component which may prevent the immunologic sensitization of females against sperm and seminal plasma antigens. Purification of the immunosuppressive factor (ISF) by saturated ammonium sulphate precipitation, followed by Sepharose 4-B column chromatography and Con-A Sepharose 4-B affinity chromatography is described here. An apparently single-band protein on SDS gel electrophoresis, having a molecular weight of 35,000, has been isolated. Amino acid analysis of this glycoprotein shows that it is rich in isoleucine, glycine, glutamine and proline, while methionine, tyrosine and asparagine are present in traces. PMID- 3172056 TI - Immunohistochemical analysis of the stage-specific expression of Ia antigens in the rat mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation. AB - The expression of Class II MHC antigens in the rat mammary gland was assessed by immunoperoxidase using monoclonal antibodies against rat homologues of the murine I-A and I-E antigens. Our results showed that, while I-A and I-E were inconspicuous in undifferentiated mammary epithelium in virgin rats, during early pregnancy, the ductal epithelium becomes intensely positive for both antigens. A monoclonal antibody specific for macrophages showed that they were abundant in the stroma but did not correspond to the epithelial staining. During late pregnancy and lactation, the ductal epithelium expressed varying levels of Ia, while the alveolar epithelial cells were consistently Ia-negative. Ia-positive mononuclear cells of round or dendritic morphology present in the alveolar areas were enumerated as cells per high power field (HPF). Maximal cell counts for I-A and I-E were seen in late pregnancy and early lactation, with a significant decline in mid-lactation. Counts were higher in intraepithelial locations than in the subjacent connective tissue at all stages. The possible role of these stage specific alterations in regulating local immune responses and transfer of immune components into milk is discussed. PMID- 3172057 TI - Effects of pseudopregnancy on immunoglobulin-secreting cells in mice. AB - Pregnant mice characteristically show elevated numbers of immunoglobulin secreting cells in their enlarged spleen and para-aortic lymph nodes. A comparative study of pseudopregnancy and syngeneic pregnancy in CBA/Ca mice was made to evaluate the role of maternal hormones in the induction of these changes. To induce pseudopregnancy, CBA/Ca female mice were mated with vasectomized males, the duration of pseudopregnancy induced in this way is 8-10 days. Serum progesterone levels were monitored periodically throughout pseudopregnancy using RIA technique. Changes were recorded in weight of the thymus, spleen and para aortic lymph nodes, levels of serum IgG and IgM (ELISA-technique), and content of splenic IgG- and IgM-secreting cells (protein A plaque assay). Thymus involution was observed in pregnant and pseudopregnant mice. Patterns of change in the weight of the spleen and the para-aortic lymph nodes (PALN) were similar in pregnant and pseudopregnant mice until day 8. Ig-secretion in the spleen increased slightly day 5-8 in both pregnant and pseudopregnant mice, but to a lesser extent in the latter. No differences were observed in serum Ig levels between the two groups until day 8. A marked decrease in serum IgG levels and, to some extent, IgM levels between days 8 and 12 was observed in pregnant animals. PMID- 3172058 TI - Effect of a monoclonal anti-mouse sperm antibody (OBF13) on the interaction of mouse sperm with zona-free mouse and hamster eggs. AB - Mouse eggs freed from zonae by chymotrypsin were mixed with sperm and pronuclear formation was observed. When anti-mouse sperm monoclonal antibody (OBF 13) from ascites fluid was added to the medium (at a final concentration of 0.05%), fertilization was significantly inhibited (9.7 +/- 4.3% compared to control 56.7 +/- 7.4%, P less than 0.01). This was based on the inhibition of sperm binding to the egg. However, when similar experiments were performed using zona-free hamster eggs, addition of the OBF 13 antibody caused no significant reduction in fertilization rate (91 +/- 7.1% compared to control 97 +/- 3.2%). It was also observed that binding of mouse sperm to hamster eggs was not inhibited by the antibody. It is therefore suggested that mouse sperm and mouse egg recognize each other in a species-specific manner. PMID- 3172059 TI - Immunosuppressive effects of rabbit blastocoelic fluid and embryo culture medium. AB - In order to understand the mechanism of the feto-maternal immune relationship, we assayed the immunosuppression activities of fresh blastocoelic fluid and decomplemented peripheral serum collected from day-9 pregnant white New Zealand rabbits and of rabbit embryo culture medium (ECM). Because the viability of the human lymphocytes was not affected by either of these biological fluids and since they were easy to obtain in sufficient quantities, they were used uniformly in all the experiments. Immunosuppressive effect was calculated by the relative inhibition of proliferation of Con A-stimulated lymphocytes. The immunosuppressive effect of blastocoelic fluid of the 9-day pregnant rabbits was significantly higher than that of autologous decomplemented serum (P less than 0.001). The inhibition by the serum was non-specific because sera from non pregnant animals as well as sera from different stages of pregnancy and pseudo pregnancy showed the same level of inhibition. The ECM of 6.5-7-day-old embryo showed a pronounced immunosuppressive effect. When embryos of 1,3 and 5 days were cultured and their culture media were assayed only with 5-day-old embryo the effect had begun to appear, but it was far less than that of 7-day-old embryo (P less than 0.02). The suppressive activity of both the blastocoelic fluid and ECM was not due to cytotoxic effect, since this fluid supported the in vitro growth of single-cell rabbit embryos up to the stage of blastocyst. These results suggest that the immunologic tolerance of the embryo might be due to the immunosuppressors secreted by the embryo and that there might be a localized effect at the implantation site rather than a maternal systemic immunosuppressive effect. PMID- 3172060 TI - Anticollagen antibody responses in DBA/1 (H-2q) mice associated with type II collagen-induced arthritis and the effect of pregnancy. AB - We have previously shown that DBA/1 mice immunized with heterologous type II collagen showed remission of the subsequent collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) when pregnant, but experienced exacerbation postpartum. Measurement of anticollagen antibody (aCa) responses by ELISA in primiparous mice immunized at day 1 of pregnancy revealed no significant difference compared to aCa titres in virgin animals, apart from slightly increased titres following the primary immunisation. When mice received collagen challenge during early pregnancy, however, the date at which maximal antibody titres was reached was delayed by 5 days. Pregnancy initiated following the intraperitoneal boost caused a ten-fold suppression in aCa titres with a rise post-partum. Measurements of aCa levels in individuals which showed fetal resorption indicated that suppression of humoral responses was dependent on the presence of a viable conceptus. Antibody titres declined in all animals after a period of time, which was more prolonged in multigravidae where aCa titres were higher than in nulliparous and primiparous mice. The results show that although pregnancy alters aCa responses during the course of gestation, no long-term modification of humoral immunity occurs, an observation in agreement with the clinical findings in these mice and in humans. PMID- 3172061 TI - Perinatal medical negligence closed claims from the St. Paul Company, 1980-1982. AB - One hundred fifty-three closed claims involving perinatal injury or death filed from 1980 through 1982 with the St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Company were studied. The claims included were those in which an indemnity was paid or $1,000 or more was expended on the legal defense. Five obstetricians reviewed these cases to identify obstetric and neonatal risk factors. In addition, cases were classified as to the presence or absence of medical negligence. Most of the complications leading to claims arose during labor and delivery. Many claims resulted from the failure to evaluate or treat in a manner consistent with accepted standards of care. Many lacked documentation of the physician's recognition of the risk factors involved. Low Apgar scores at both one and five minutes were the newborn risk factors seen most commonly. In the opinion of the reviewers, medical negligence occurred in 47% of the cases. Indemnity payment occurred with most of the claims judged to be associated with medical negligence. Payment to the claimant was made in a number of cases in which the reviewer thought no malpractice occurred. These results suggest that improvements may be needed in prenatal and perinatal health care as well as in the legal system used to address the problem of perinatal medical negligence. PMID- 3172062 TI - Suppression of lactation. A comparison of bromocriptine and prostaglandin E2. AB - Women in the puerperium who requested lactation suppression were randomly allocated to receive bromocriptine from puerperal day 1 to 14 or prostaglandin E2 from day 3 or 4 for 24 hours. Subjectively, lactation suppression was satisfactory in all cases. Objective measurements showed a trend toward more effective early suppression with bromocriptine. After discharge from the hospital, 3 of the 21 women who received prostaglandin E2 complained of mild breast tenderness, whereas 10 of the 22 who received bromocriptine reported severe "rebound" breast tenderness. PMID- 3172063 TI - Taking a sexual history and managing common sexual problems. AB - In spite of the multitude of sexual information sources available to the general public, much of it is incomplete or erroneous. Primary care physicians are still considered resource persons for such information. Health care providers should be comfortable with taking a sexual history, familiar with the basics of sexual problems and able to counsel patients or to make appropriate referrals. This paper outlines a method of obtaining sexual information, reviews the basics of uncomplicated sexual dysfunctions and suggests a model for managing the majority of dysfunctions with which a primary care physician will be confronted. PMID- 3172064 TI - Autonomic hyperreflexia, cesarean section and anesthesia. A case report. AB - Autonomic hyperreflexia, a potentially life-threatening condition, can appear during labor, delivery or cesarean section in a woman with a spinal cord injury. A case of autonomic hyperreflexia in a parturient was managed with regional neural blockade. PMID- 3172065 TI - Peripartum infections with Capnocytophaga. A case report. AB - Capnocytophaga is an increasingly recognized genus of pathogens. Originally associated with periodontal disease, this fastidious, gram-negative organism is now established as the cause of a wide variety of infections in both the immunocompetent and immunocompromised. We treated a woman for amnionitis and subsequent neonatal colonization. Capnocytophaga should be considered one of the various organisms that can complicate the peripartum period. PMID- 3172066 TI - Chronic granulocytic leukemia in pregnancy. A case report. AB - Leukemia is rare in pregnancy; only 22 cases of the chronic granulocytic type have been described. Because of such a patient's refusal to receive chemotherapy, leukapheresis was utilized successfully. PMID- 3172067 TI - Urethral varices as an unusual cause of third-trimester bleeding. A case report. AB - A 21-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, presented in the third trimester of pregnancy with complaints of painless vaginal bleeding after urination. After ruling out placental and uterine sources, the diagnosis of bleeding urethral varices was made with cystoscopy. Once the source of the antepartum hemorrhage had been determined, conservative outpatient management became possible. PMID- 3172068 TI - Bacterial endocarditis. A serious pregnancy complication. AB - The incidence of bacterial endocarditis, a rare complication of pregnancy, may be increasing due to illicit drug use. Increased awareness, with prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment during gestation, may lead to improved maternal and neonatal outcomes. PMID- 3172069 TI - Clarifying the "Report of the ISSVD Terminology Committee". PMID- 3172070 TI - Saccharin and aspartame: are they safe to consume during pregnancy? PMID- 3172071 TI - Endocervical brush cytology. An alternative to endocervical curettage? AB - The usefulness of an endocervical brush for cytologic sampling was studied in 288 consecutive women attending a colposcopy clinic. One hundred sixty had initial colposcopic examinations with directed biopsies and endocervical curettage (ECC). One hundred twenty-eight had follow-up examinations that included Papanicolaou smears and ECC some time after evaluation and/or treatment for cervical dysplasia. Within an established protocol for the evaluation and management of abnormal Papanicolaou smears, the endocervical brush was compared to ECC. When the combination of colposcopy and cervical conization showed that dysplasia was confined to the endocervix, the endocervical brush was significantly more sensitive than ECC in detecting this endocervical disease (P less than .05). In follow-up evaluations and in patients with unsatisfactory colposcopic examinations, endocervical brush cytology could replace ECC without affecting clinical management. In patients with a satisfactory colposcopic examination, ECC may be required only when endocervical brush cytology is abnormal. Endocervical brush cytology is less costly and painful and could prove to be a reasonable alternative to ECC for the initial evaluation of the endocervix. Endocervical brush cytology shows promise as a safe adjunct to the colposcopic evaluation of pregnant women, whereas ECC is contraindicated in such women. PMID- 3172073 TI - Proceedings of the ninth world congress of the International Society for the Study of Vulvar Disease. Queensland, Australia, September 1987. PMID- 3172072 TI - Comparison of peripheral, uterine and cord estrogen and progesterone levels in laboring and nonlaboring women at term. AB - Although a direct effect of steroid hormones on the initiation of labor has been shown in animals, conclusive data on human parturition are lacking. To elucidate steroid changes associated with human labor, venous serum samples were obtained at cesarean section from the maternal peripheral and uterine veins and umbilical cord vein of seven laboring and seven nonlaboring women at term. Assays of estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and progesterone (P) revealed that: (1) there is a major concentration difference in all the steroids between peripheral and local values, (2) labor is associated with a significant rise in systemic and local E2 but no change in P, and (3) the increased production of E2 does not appear to be from a fetoplacental source. These data strongly support a modulating role for alterations in steroid hormones at the onset of human labor. The results demonstrate an increase in estrogen, rather than the classic "withdrawal", as the prime factor in E2:P ratio changes associated with labor and suggest that the source of the estrogen increase may be maternal rather than fetal. PMID- 3172075 TI - Cytology of the vulva. AB - It was postulated that deficiencies in the technique of smear preparation are responsible for the fact that vulvar cytology lacks the frequent usage it deserves. Vulvar squamous and basal cell carcinoma, Paget's disease, intraepithelial neoplasia and podophyllin-resistant warts were sampled with vulvar cytology. In each case, smears were taken using a spatula, a swabstick and the technique of scraping with a scalpel blade held perpendicular to the tissue after cleaning the surface with saline. The slides were then compared after the abnormal cells had been indicated on the coverslip with an ink dot. Only when the scalpel blade was used was the preparation suitable for diagnosis in every case. Used correctly, vulvar cytology has considerable application for the gynecologist. It permits rapid diagnosis and delineation of lesions and is useful in the long-term follow-up of malignant and potentially malignant conditions. PMID- 3172074 TI - Malignant melanoma of the vulva. Australian experience. AB - Malignant melanoma is an uncommon but aggressive tumor, and the vulva seems to have an increased predisposition for developing it. Vulvar melanoma appears to behave similarly to truncal melanoma, but its later presentation, due to its less accessible and less visible site, gives the false impression of more aggressive behavior. In spite of that the survival, stage by stage, is not markedly different from that of truncal melanoma. Traditionally it has been treated in the same manner as vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, with extreme but often therapeutically inadequate radical surgery. For lesions less than 0.75 mm in depth, wide excision with a 2-cm margin is adequate. Deeper lesions require radical local excision and bilateral groin lymphadenectomy through separate incisions. PMID- 3172076 TI - Early diagnosis of a diverticular colovaginal fistula with colposcopy. A case report. AB - Seventy cases of colovaginal fistula complicating diverticular disease are documented in the literature. Predisposing factors are advanced age and previous hysterectomy. We diagnosed a case early on with careful colposcopic observation of the volcanic ejection of pus from multiple sites in the vaginal apex; we propose naming that phenomenon the "Io" sign after the most eruptive celestial body known. We also documented the association of a coloovarian fistula, ureteral obstruction and endometriosis with this disease process. Considering the expected growth in the geriatric population and the frequency of hysterectomy, clinicians should familiarize themselves with this life-threatening illness. PMID- 3172077 TI - Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis) in women. AB - A ten-year review (1973-1983) revealed 13 cases of documented granuloma inguinale at Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta. The patients' ages ranged from 17 to 77, with the majority in their early 20s. The initial presentation of granuloma inguinale included large, fungating labial ulcers, labial swelling, vaginal discharge, rectovaginal fistulae and hematuria. Common presumptive diagnoses included carcinoma, herpes, syphilis and granuloma inguinale. The final diagnosis was made with cytology and/or tissue examination with the help of special stains to demonstrate the causative organism, Calymmatobacterium granulomatis. Granuloma inguinale is rare and difficult to diagnose, but with physician awareness, cytology and biopsy, it should not be missed. PMID- 3172078 TI - Hypoglycemia associated with preeclampsia. A case report. PMID- 3172079 TI - Direct insertion of the laparoscopic trocar after an earlier laparotomy. AB - Direct insertion of the laparoscopic trocar without the aid of a prior pneumoperitoneum has been described previously. Prior laparotomy has been cited as a contraindication to this technique. At our free-standing ambulatory surgical unit, 1,670 consecutive laparoscopies utilizing direct insertion of the trocar were performed during a four-year period. Four hundred sixteen women had had previous abdominal surgery. One bowel injury occurred in this group. A patient without prior surgery sustained an intraabdominal laceration requiring further surgery and hospitalization. Based on this experience, we do not find previous abdominal surgery to be a contraindication to the use of direct insertion of the laparoscopic trocar. PMID- 3172080 TI - Stress incontinence in women. A practical method of evaluation. AB - Stress incontinence in women may have many etiologies, of which the two primary ones are detrusor overactivity (urge incontinence), which is treated medically, and anatomic (pure) stress incontinence, which is treated surgically. At the Ben Taub Gynecologic Urology Clinic, Baylor College of Medicine, 307 women were studied. Evaluations included history and physical examination, Q-tip test, catheterization for culture and residual volume, and CO2 gas urethroscopy with single-channel cystometrics. Twenty-nine percent of the patients were found to have pure anatomic stress incontinence, 33% to have urge incontinence and 38% to have combined urge and anatomic stress incontinence; 57% had irritative symptoms regardless of the etiologies. Cystocele was present in 92% of stress, 49% of urge and 83% of combined cases. Patients with anatomic stress incontinence tended to have larger cystoceles and greater Q-tip angles; however, a significant percentage of patients with urge incontinence also had cystoceles and abnormal Q tip angles. Treatment must therefore be individualized on the basis of anatomic and physiologic findings. Of the patients, 40% were treated surgically, and 69% received some form of medical treatment, including antispasmodics, estrogen, Kegel's exercises, urethral dilatation and bladder drills; 9% were given a trial of medical therapy followed by surgical therapy. This practical approach to evaluating women with stress incontinence is easily used in the practitioner's office. PMID- 3172081 TI - Cumulative pregnancy rates in infertile women with endometriosis. AB - We compared the effects of expectant and medical treatment on the fertility outcome in women with mild endometriosis. The five-year cumulative percentage of pregnancy with expectant treatment was 90%. In cases treated with 800 mg danazol a day for six months, the five-year cumulative percentage of pregnancy was 55.2. There was no statistical difference between the two groups. In surgically treated severe endometriosis the five-year cumulative percentage of pregnancy was 89.4. Patients with minimal or mild endometriosis should be offered expectant management for at least six months after all the associated factors are treated. Microsurgery is acceptable management for severe stages of the disease. PMID- 3172082 TI - Contraction stress test after hyperstimulation patterns during antepartum fetal heart rate monitoring. AB - Hyperstimulation during fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring occurs when a deceleration in the FHR accompanies a contraction lasting greater than 90 seconds or contractions more frequent than every 2 minutes. A posthyperstimulation contraction stress test (CST) was performed, and if it was reactive negative, the next day's test was evaluated. On the next day, 170/250 (68%) of the tests were reactive negative, 33/200 (13%) of the patients underwent labor induction, 28/250 (11%) of the tests had hyperstimulation patterns again, and 19/250 (8%) of the tests were reactive equivocal; there were no positive tests. In this series of 250 repeat tests there were no adverse outcomes in patients who had a reactive negative CST after a hyperstimulation pattern, suggesting that the second test can be performed in a week rather than in a day. PMID- 3172083 TI - Effects of karyotype, gestational age and medium on the duration of amniotic fluid cell culturing. AB - Third-trimester genetic amniocentesis has often been underutilized because of the long period required to obtained results. While fetal cord sampling can be used to obtain rapid karyotypes, its availability is still very limited. With more defined media, the culture duration (CD) for amniotic fluid cells has decreased markedly. We investigated CD as a function of gestational age (GA) and karyotype and found that: (1) there is an inverse correlation of GA and CD; (2) aneuploid karyotypes, translocations and inversions all grow more slowly regardless of GA; (3) since late taps are performed most often on highly suspicious cases, the general impression of late-GA slow growth may be because of a higher likelihood of aneuploidy. Our data thus support increased utilization of third-trimester genetic amniocentesis in selected cases. PMID- 3172084 TI - ST segment depression in paired electrocardiograms and serum electrolytes in pregnant women receiving intravenous ritodrine. AB - Forty-three women admitted for preterm labor had electrocardiograms and serum potassium and glucose levels determined before and two and four hours after the initiation of intravenous ritodrine tocolysis. The ST segment depression found at two and four hours was significant but not dependent upon a fall in potassium or increase in the heart rate or glucose level. Such symptoms as chest pain and dyspnea were also not dependent upon potassium, glucose or heart rate changes. These findings support the concept of an intrinsic drug effect. PMID- 3172085 TI - Methylergonovine-induced hypertonus in term pregnancy. A case report. AB - The administration of methylergonovine maleate to a patient at term is rare. A patient received the drug at 36 weeks' gestation, with subsequent development of fetal distress secondary to uterine tetany. Treatment with terbutaline and magnesium sulfate was unsuccessful in alleviating the uterine hypertonus, necessitating cesarean section. PMID- 3172086 TI - Allergic vaginitis, a possibly new syndrome. A case report. AB - A patient with a long history of recurrent vaginal discharge had no evidence of infection. A temporal relation between the appearance of the discharge and vaginal exposure to topical spermicidal agents was determined. Examination of the vaginal discharge revealed an abundance of eosinophils, suggesting a localized intravaginal allergic reaction. This case possibly indicates a hitherto undefined clinical syndrome, allergic vaginitis. PMID- 3172087 TI - Dilation and evacuation during the second trimester of pregnancy in a woman with primary pulmonary hypertension. A case report. AB - A woman with primary pulmonary hypertension was managed with second-trimester dilation and evacuation for pregnancy termination. This procedure can be of value in this clinical setting. PMID- 3172088 TI - A new method of diagnosing rectovaginal fistula. A case report. AB - A new method was developed for diagnosing small rectovaginal fistulae. The method can be performed in the office using commonly available materials. PMID- 3172089 TI - Extragonadal, mature, solid teratoma with omental implants. A case report. AB - A well-encapsulated paracervical teratoma was resected. It consisted entirely of histologically mature elements, including thyroid tissue. The greater omentum was found to contain a metastatic implant of mature thyroid tissue. This case illustrates the natural history of teratomas. PMID- 3172090 TI - SLE in the elderly--is it really SLE or systemic Sjogren's syndrome? PMID- 3172091 TI - The effect of age on piroxicam disposition in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The disposition of piroxicam in 23 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (9 males, 14 females, aged 27-79) was studied over 6 weeks using the standard oral dose of 20 mg daily. Clinical status was monitored using standard methods. The mean piroxicam steady state plasma concentration (Css) averaged 9.2 +/- 4.4 micrograms/ml, the majority of which was highly protein bound (1.4 +/- 0.5% unbound). Total plasma clearance (CL/F) of piroxicam was 1.85 +/- 0.81 ml/min and the half life (t1/2) was 53.0 +/- 24.2 h. There was wide intersubject variability in the kinetics of piroxicam and its major metabolite 5'-hydroxypiroxicam. Piroxicam CL/F, t1/2 and Css were modestly correlated with patient age. Clinical effects did not appear to be related to piroxicam plasma levels. PMID- 3172092 TI - Dexamethasone modulated protein synthesis in polymorphonuclear leukocytes: response in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Nine polypeptides whose rate of synthesis is modulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) by dexamethasone were studied by 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In each case, there was a time lag between addition of dexamethasone and the appearance of any change in rate of synthesis. In PMNL from a group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, dexamethasone modulated the synthesis of the same polypeptides as in PMNL from a group of healthy volunteers, but the degree of response of their polypeptides to dexamethasone was significantly reduced as measured by assaying the level of synthesis of a polypeptide of molecular weight 16,000. Reduced responses of PMNL polypeptide synthesis to glucocorticoid may allow the development of rheumatoid inflammation despite apparently adequate levels of endogenous corticosteroids. PMID- 3172094 TI - Relationship between serum creatine kinase level and corticosteroid therapy in polymyositis-dermatomyositis. AB - Few guidelines exist for the use of corticosteroid therapy in polymyositis dermatomyositis (PM-DM). We retrospectively examined the relationship between serum creatine kinase (CK), muscle strength and the dosage and method of administration of prednisone in 30 patients with PM-DM observed monthly for a minimum of one year. Forty-two corticosteroid treated episodes of proximal muscle weakness associated with CK elevations formed the final study group. Each patient course was designated as having a good or poor biochemical and clinical outcome based on predetermined criteria. Adherence to 3 principles predicted a favorable biochemical and clinical outcome in the treatment of myositis: (1) administration of an adequate initial (loading) corticosteroid dose; (2) continuation of the initial dose until or after the time that the serum CK had become normal; and (3) a slow corticosteroid taper rate. Achievement of a CK within the low normal range predicted a prolonged biochemical remission, and a rise of CK within the normal range signalled a subsequent biochemical and clinical relapse. Tapering the corticosteroid dose when the CK was elevated frequently resulted in a further increase in CK. These observations allowed us to develop practical guidelines for the management of PM-DM. PMID- 3172093 TI - IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with lupus with anticardiolipin antibody associated clinical syndromes. AB - IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) were measured by a solid phase enzyme immunoassay in 64 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who had one or more clinical disorders reported to be associated with aCL. We found the presence of IgG aCL was significantly associated with an increased incidence of cerebrovascular disease (p less than 0.01), a positive Venereal Disease Research Laboratories (VDRL) test (p less than 0.02) and prolonged partial thromboplastin time (PTT) (p less than 0.001). IgM aCL were associated with recurrent spontaneous abortion (p less than 0.05), thrombocytopenia (p less than 0.05) as well as a positive VDRL and prolonged PTT. The combination of high titer IgG and IgM aCL was associated with endocardial disease (p = 0.02), migraine (p less than 0.02), in addition to fetal loss (p less than 0.001). PMID- 3172095 TI - The prevalence of Behcet's syndrome in a rural area in northern Turkey. AB - We conducted a field survey to establish the prevalence of Behcet's syndrome among all the inhabitants aged 10 years or older in a village in northern Turkey. The prevalence of Behcet's syndrome was 19/5,131. There were 13 females and 6 males. None had eye involvement. Pathergy test was positive in 6/18 (33%) and 5/19 carried HLA-B5 (26%), suggesting that the previously established association of HLA-B5 in Behcet's syndrome is mainly true for hospital based populations. Moreover, the pathergy test was less commonly positive in milder disease. PMID- 3172096 TI - Periarthritis associated with basic calcium phosphate crystal deposition and low levels of serum alkaline phosphatase--report of three cases from one family. AB - Three siblings, 2 women and one man, from an Iranian-Jewish family with low serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (liver fraction) and symptomatic calcific periarthritis of multiple joints are described. Both parents and 2 additional siblings had normal serum alkaline phosphatase levels and no joint symptoms. The disease in the proposita, a 49-year-old woman, showed 3 unusual features: (1) no rise in acute phase serum proteins despite severe attacks of periarthritis; (2) refractoriness to treatment; (3) pure octacalcium phosphate found in a deposit obtained by biopsy. PMID- 3172097 TI - Serious bacterial cellulitis of the periorbital area in two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We describe the occurrence of bacterial cellulitis in the periorbital area of 2 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In both patients the antibacterial activity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes was normal. The opsonic capacity of serum was defective in one patient (corresponding to decreased levels of the 4th component of complement) and normal in the other. Seemingly minor bacterial infections of the skin in patients with SLE should warrant aggressive antimicrobial treatment. PMID- 3172098 TI - Rheumatoid vasculitis with intrarenal aneurysm formation. AB - A 58-year-old male with an 8-year history of seropositive erosive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presented with acute abdominal pain and syncope; a diagnosis of vasculitis was made arteriographically by finding intrarenal saccular aneurysms. Patients with severe RA and a high titer of rheumatoid factor may develop a diffuse vasculitis, but clinical renal involvement attributable to vasculitis is uncommon. Our case demonstrates the coexistence of RA and renal vasculitis, documented by autopsy findings, and for the first time by arteriographic demonstration of intrarenal aneurysm formation. PMID- 3172099 TI - Intravenous cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone for the treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans and interstitial fibrosis associated with crysotherapy. AB - A patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving intramuscular gold developed severe pulmonary insufficiency. Histopathology revealed both bronchiolitis obliterans and interstitial fibrosis possibly related to gold therapy. The patient was successfully treated with IV cyclophosphamide and prednisone. During the course of therapy, hypogammaglobulinemia without detectable IgM developed. PMID- 3172100 TI - Anterior pituitary involvement in Wegener's granulomatosis. AB - Wegener's granulomatosis rarely involves the pituitary, and is limited to the posterior gland. A young woman developed sinusitis, otitis media, asymptomatic pulmonary density, blindness, and anterior pituitary hormone deficiency over 7 years. Mucosal biopsies showed only chronic necrotizing inflammation without vasculitis. Since her clinical course suggested an atypical presentation of Wegener's granulomatosis, cyclophosphamide was finally added to corticosteroid therapy. All symptoms but monocular blindness and hypopituitarism remitted. PMID- 3172101 TI - Jaccoud's arthritis and panvasculitis in the hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome. AB - We describe a woman who developed hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome, and who demonstrated 2 rare features. As well as vasculitis of the small cutaneous vessels, vasculitis affected the femoral, cystic and renal arteries. Her arthritis led to subluxation of the metacarpophalangeal joints, without radiological evidence of rheumatoid-like erosions. This deformity could be passively corrected, and therefore conformed to the pattern described by Jaccoud. PMID- 3172102 TI - Recurrent aseptic meningitis followed by transverse myelitis as a presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Recurrent aseptic meningitis as a manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has most often been reported as an adverse reaction to the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. We present a case of recurrent aseptic meningitis and transverse myelitis as the initial manifestation of SLE. PMID- 3172103 TI - Allopurinol hypersensitivity in a patient with coexistent systemic lupus erythematosus and tophaceous gout. AB - A patient with coexistent Klinefelter's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and chronic tophaceous gouty arthritis developed allopurinol hypersensitivity. The drug was reinstituted by a schedule of gradually increasing doses. Gout should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with SLE who present with acute arthritis and/or subcutaneous nodules particularly in those with longstanding stable nephritis who are receiving diuretics for concomitant hypertension. PMID- 3172104 TI - Advanced scleroderma bowel: complications and management. AB - Severe intestinal hypomotility in scleroderma is an uncommon but difficult management problem. We present a case of advanced scleroderma bowel complicated by colonic pseudo-obstruction, which was dramatically improved by subtotal colectomy. Benign pneumoperitoneum due to pneumatosis cystoides intestinales later developed. Symptoms and the pneumoperitoneum resolved with oxygen therapy and total parenteral nutrition, followed by an elemental diet. Our case illustrates how a judicious combination of medical and surgical therapy can be successful in advanced scleroderma bowel. The pathology and pathogenesis of intestinal scleroderma are reviewed to provide an understanding of these complications and a rationale for management. PMID- 3172105 TI - Systemic sclerosis and digital gangrene without scleroderma. AB - We report a case of a 67-year-old man with digital gangrene and no other cutaneous evidence of scleroderma. The presence of anticentromere antibody, scleroderma pattern capillary abnormalities, and the histology of the digital artery all supported a diagnosis of systemic sclerosis. Newer diagnostic tools may identify patients who do not fit easily into the current classification of that disease. PMID- 3172107 TI - Dupuytren's contracture and diabetes. PMID- 3172106 TI - Limited joint mobility and Dupuytren's contracture in diabetic patients. PMID- 3172108 TI - Dapsone in temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. PMID- 3172109 TI - Synovial fluid findings early in traumatic arthritis. PMID- 3172110 TI - Vocal cord palsy in a patient with progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 3172111 TI - Fibromyalgia: whither treatment? PMID- 3172113 TI - Resorptive arthropathy in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Our survey was undertaken to determine the prevalence of resorptive arthropathy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A group of 256 patients with classical or definite RA were studied and resorptive arthropathy was noted in 13 (5.1%). The age and sex ratio of the patients with resorptive arthropathy was similar to the remainder of the patients, but the duration of RA was significantly greater (p = 0.003). Patients with resorptive arthropathy had severe radiographic changes. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of nodules, a positive rheumatoid factor or antinuclear factor and functional classification (American Rheumatism Association) in patients with resorptive arthropathy when compared to the remainder of the patients. Our study shows that, in a hospital based study of patients with RA, resorptive arthropathy may be commoner than generally recognized, and its prevalence may be similar to the findings in psoriatic arthritis. PMID- 3172112 TI - The occurrence of rheumatoid factor isotypes in early definite rheumatoid arthritis--no relationship with erosions or disease activity. AB - Seventy-one patients with definite rheumatoid arthritis and disease duration less than 2 years were followed prospectively. At study entry 43 patients had IgG rheumatoid factor (RF), 59, IgA-RF and 64, IgM-RF as measured with an ELISA; 48 were Waaler-Rose positive. After 2 years, joint erosions were present in 51 patients and absent in 19. One patient has not been followed long enough. The calculated relative risks contributed by different RF to the presence of erosions were low. No significant correlations between markers of disease activity and RF levels initially were found. The clinical value of RF isotype determination seems limited. PMID- 3172114 TI - Patients with rheumatoid arthritis at high risk for noncompliance with salicylate treatment regimens. AB - Recent studies indicate the adherence of many patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to their treatment regimens is poor. Management of this problem depends on identification of noncompliant patients, followed by interventions to increase their level of adherence. In this study, 63 patients with RA receiving salicylate drugs completed a questionnaire during an outpatient visit. The questionnaire contained items believed to be predictive of future compliance, including patient self-predictions regarding future compliance, ratings of behavior in similar situations and barriers to compliance, such as ease of transportation to the clinic. Compliance was estimated via a salicylate assay that was taken during a subsequent outpatient appointment. Multivariate analyses of our data revealed that significant predictions could be made regarding future compliance, with 75% of the noncompliant patients correctly identified. Variables contributing significantly included behavioral self-predictions and a measure of current behavior in similar situations, as assessed by a salicylate assay that was collected during the 1st outpatient visit. PMID- 3172115 TI - Monosodium urate monohydrate crystal induced changes in membrane fluidity: a fluorescence polarization study. AB - The hydrophobic fluorophore 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene was incorporated into erythrocyte ghosts. After incubation of the labelled ghost membranes with monosodium urate monohydrate (MSUM) crystals, low speed centrifugation was used to separate ghosts bound to MSUM from "free" ghosts. The fluorescence anisotropy of ghosts with bound crystals was significantly lower than for free ghosts, indicative of an increased membrane fluidity. Possible mechanisms for the fluidization of ghosts membranes after MSUM binding and the relationship of this to cellular membranolysis are discussed. PMID- 3172116 TI - Osteoarthritis and obesity in the general population. A relationship calling for an explanation. AB - The association between obesity and osteoarthritis (OA), was studied by analysis of data from an epidemiologic survey of a population of 1071 men and 1097 women in The Netherlands. A total of 20 joints and groups of joints were investigated. OA was clearly associated with obesity in the most frequently affected joints, weight bearing as well as nonweight bearing. This association was less strong for severely affected joints than for mildly affected joints. This pattern was neither compatible with a generalized (metabolic) abnormality nor with weight induced mechanical "wear-and-tear". OA is a heterogeneous condition and some site specific associations with obesity are strong, thus there is scope for prevention by weight reduction for some sites. PMID- 3172117 TI - Laxity and rupture of the patellar tendon in systemic lupus erythematosus. Association with secondary hyperparathyroidism. AB - We describe a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism who developed laxity and elongation of the patellar tendon, followed by its rupture one year later. Hydroxyapatite and urate crystals were identified from the chalky material surrounding the patellar tendon observed at surgery. These findings suggest that tendon laxity and elongation could possibly be detected before its rupture and that secondary hyperparathyroidism could be considered as another causative factor of tendon damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3172118 TI - Coexistence of CREST syndrome and primary biliary cirrhosis. Serological studies of two cases. AB - Two patients with characteristic features of CREST syndrome and primary biliary cirrhosis are reported. Sera of both patients contained autoantibodies to centromere and mitochondrial antigens. Immunodiffusion analysis identified the specificities of precipitating antibodies to mitochondria of the first case as anti-M-A and M-C, and of the second case as anti-M-A and M-B antibodies. Simultaneous occurrence of 2 marker antibodies in an individual patient indicates that the 2 patients reported here have CREST syndrome and primary biliary cirrhosis, both of which are considered as a distinct clinical entity. PMID- 3172119 TI - Overlap of granulomatous vasculitis and sarcoidosis: presentation with uveitis, eosinophilia, leg ulcers, sinusitis, and past foot drop. AB - A 24-year-old black woman with a history of pulmonary and hepatic sarcoidosis followed by foot drop presented with uveitis, eosinophilia, leg ulcers, and sinus opacification. Biopsy of the leg ulcer and review of the past lung biopsy revealed numerous epithelioid noncaseating granulomas and granulomatous vasculitis. Although her clinical presentation raised the possibility of Wegener's granulomatosis, the many discrete granulomas and lack of necrosis on her biopsies were more in favor of sarcoidosis. Although granulomatous vasculitis has been reported as part of necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis, our patient was unique in the extent and type of her extrapulmonary symptomatology. PMID- 3172120 TI - Thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia in a patient with mixed connective tissue disease due to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - A 33-year-old woman with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) presented with headache, fever, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and renal involvement due to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). She did not improve after treatment with prednisolone, fresh frozen plasma, antiplatelet agents, and prostacyclin, but a trial with vincristine resulted in a longlasting complete remission. TTP in autoimmune diseases probably results from immune mediated vasculopathy, which was demonstrated in our patient using nailfold capillary microscopy. Though TTP has many clinical and laboratory features in common with active MCTD, recognition of differences between the 2 conditions, i.e., microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and a negative Coombs' test in the former, is important because treatment in the 2 conditions differs. PMID- 3172121 TI - Isoprenoid (phosphinylmethyl)phosphonates as inhibitors of squalene synthetase. PMID- 3172122 TI - Cardiovascular effects of new water-soluble derivatives of forskolin. AB - A series of 6- and 7-aminoacyl derivatives of 7-deacetylforskolin was prepared to provide water-soluble derivatives of the potent cardioactive diterpenoid forskolin. The compounds were evaluated for positive inotropic and blood pressure lowering properties in pharmacological models. Several derivatives displayed potent positive inotropic activity in guinea pig atria (EC50 = 0.16-3.0 micrograms/mL). In the most active compounds, the amino moiety of the aminoacyl chain corresponded to a cyclic amine, and the acyl moiety to a C2-C4 alkanoyl group. In vivo biological evaluation led to the selection of 6-(piperidinoacetyl) 7-deacetylforskolin hydrochloride (49) as a candidate for clinical development. PMID- 3172123 TI - Ab initio molecular electrostatic potentials of perillartine analogues: implications for sweet-taste receptor recognition. AB - A model for the recognition of the perillartine analogues has been determined from a consideration of the molecular electrostatic potentials calculated at the ab initio 3-21G level for a select set of biologically active analogues. The model stresses the importance of two regions of negative electrostatic potential. One region, near the oxime moiety, does not vary in shape or value with substitution in the hydrocarbon domain. A second region in the hydrocarbon domain varies in depth, extension, orientation, and shape, depending on the nature of the substituent. The depth, relative position, and orientation of this latter region in the most potent systems (the 1,4-cyclohexadiene analogue and its p methyl derivative) serve as the basis for the optimum recognition pattern of these analogues. The rank order of taste potencies is in general agreement with predictions based on this model. In addition, some conclusions are drawn concerning the receptor-analogue interaction as well as the electrostatic features of the receptor. PMID- 3172124 TI - Synthesis, platelet aggregation inhibitory activity, and in vivo antithrombotic activity of new 1,4-dihydropyridines. AB - A series of 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHP) bound to 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-ones were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by collagen in human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and to protect mice against experimental thrombosis. The results showed that the compounds were in vitro inhibitors of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Most of them were also effective in reducing mortality in the mouse antithrombotic assay. 2-(1,1,3 Trioxo-2,3-dihydro-1,2-benzisothiazol-2-yl)ethyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-(ethoxycarbonyl) 4-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridinecarboxyla te (4A) is the most promising compound. This compound did not show any cardiovascular effects either in the anesthetized cat or in the anesthetized rat at iv doses up to 750 or 500 micrograms/kg, respectively. Likewise, antiplatelet and cardiovascular effects of compound 4A were simultaneously studied in anesthetized rats and compared with those of nitrendipine. PMID- 3172125 TI - Drug-induced modifications of the immune response. 12. 4,5-Dihydro-4-oxo-2 (substituted amino)-3-furancarboxylic acids and derivatives as novel antiallergic agents. AB - The synthesis of a series of novel 4,5-dihydro-4-oxo-2-(substituted amino)-3 furancarboxylic acids, salts, esters, and amides is described. The title compounds when tested in the mediator-induced dermal vascular permeability and active anaphylaxis assays in rats demonstrated moderate to potent antiallergic activity. The [2-trans-(4-methylphenyl)cyclopropyl]amino analogue 53 emerged as the most active derivative. Thus, when administered intraperitoneally to rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg, it inhibited the action of the mediators serotonin, histamine, and bradykinin by 100%. In the active anaphylaxis assay in rats, compound 30 suppressed the edema by 81% at a dose of 100 mg/kg, following intraperitoneal administration. PMID- 3172126 TI - A comprehensive method for determining hydrophobicity constants by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The development of a method for determining hydrophobicity constants for small, organic molecules by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is presented. The method uses capacity ratios measured at a number of different compositions of methanol to obtain derived values, denoted log k'w, upon which a new scale of hydrophobicity constants can be developed. This scale eliminates potential problems such as peak inversion that hamper RPLC methods using isocratic data to estimate hydrophobicity. The differential hydrogen bond effect observed in most correlations of RPLC data with logarithms of octanol-water partition coefficients (log Po/w) for compounds of opposite net hydrogen bonding capabilities (noncongeners) was minimized by adding trace quantities of n-decylamine and 1 octanol to the eluent and using an octyl-modified silica gel stationary phase. Values of log k'w are shown to be largely column-independent as long as the hydrophobic properties of columns are similar. The correlation of log k'w values with the logarithms of bovine serum albumin binding constants (log 1/C) is shown to be statistically indistinguishable from the correlation of log 1/C with log Po/w, indicating that this data models log 1/C as well as log Po/w for these compounds. Additionally, the chromatographic system is automatable and thus capable of higher sample throughput than measurements of log Po/w by the shake flask method. PMID- 3172127 TI - Synthesis, receptor binding, and tissue distribution of (17 alpha,20E)- and (17 alpha,20Z)-21-[125I]iodo-19-norpregna-1,3,5(10), 20-tetraene-3,17-diol . AB - The isomeric (17 alpha,20E)- and (17 alpha,20Z)-(iodovinyl)estradiol derivatives 3 and 6, and their no-carrier-added (nca) [125I]iodovinyl analogues, were tested for their relative target tissue retention and binding affinity for the estrogen receptor. The (iodovinyl)estradiols 3 and 6 were prepared via destannylation of the (17 alpha,20E)- and (17 alpha,20Z)-tributylstannyl precursors 2 and 4 with retention of configuration. Selective formation of the E or Z isomers 2 and 4 during the reaction of 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol 1a with tri-n-butyltin hydride was controlled by the presence or absence of the catalyst, the polarity of the solvent, and the reaction temperature. The nca [125I]iodovinyl analogues [125I] 3a and [125I]-6a were obtained in good radiochemical yield and high purity by treatment of 2a and 4a with [125I]NaI in the presence of H2O2 and chloroamine-T, respectively. Of the two isomeric iodovinyl derivatives 3 and 6, the 20Z isomer 6a exhibited the highest receptor binding affinity and the [125I]-6a gave the highest in vivo receptor-mediated target tissue uptake. PMID- 3172128 TI - A new series of ellipticine derivatives (1-(alkylamino)-9-methoxyellipticine). Synthesis, DNA binding, and biological properties. AB - A new series of ellipticine derivatives, 1-(alkylamino)-5,11-dimethyl-9-methoxy 6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazoles, were synthesized as potential DNA intercalating antitumor drugs. The structure of these compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. These compounds are able to bind to DNA with an affinity of about 10(6) M-1, and their intercalating characteristics (lengthening and unwinding of DNA) depend upon the length of the chain in position 1. The cytotoxicities of these compounds on L1210 and NIH-3T3 cells are quite similar, and fluorescence techniques showed that the compounds are localized mainly in the cytoplasmic granules of the cells. One of these compounds appears to show a very high antitumor activity (equivalent to the more active known ellipticine analogues: 10-[[gamma-(diethylamino)propyl]amino]-6-methyl-5H- pyrido[3',4':4,5]pyrollo[2,3-g]isoquinoleine (BD40), 1-[[gamma (diethylamino)propyl]amino]-9-methoxyellipticine (BD84) and 2-[beta (diethylamino)ethyl]-9-hydroxyellipticinium chloride (DEAE). PMID- 3172129 TI - Synthesis and antineoplastic evaluation of 1,4-bis(aminoalkanamido)-9,10 anthracenediones. AB - The effect of the replacement of amino groups, attached to the anthraquinone ring in [(aminoalkyl)amino]-anthraquinones, by an amido function on DNA binding, cytotoxicity, and antileukemic activity has been studied. The corresponding 1,4 bis(aminoalkanamido)-9,10-anthracenediones have been synthesized and examined. It has been concluded that such modification does not exclude the DNA binding and cytotoxicity of mentioned compounds but decreases or abolishes the in vivo antileukemic activity. PMID- 3172130 TI - Structure-activity analysis of a class of orally active hydroxamic acid inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis. AB - The nature of the carbonyl and nitrogen substituents of hydroxamic acids has a major influence on the biological profile of these compounds. Hydroxamates with small groups such as methyl appended to the carbonyl and relatively large nitrogen substituents generally have longer duration in vivo, produce greater plasma concentrations, and often are more potent inhibitors of in vivo leukotriene biosynthesis than hydroxamic acids with the opposite arrangement. The structure-activity relationships that describe in vitro 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity and in vivo leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitory potency for a group of these hydroxamic acids were investigated. While most of the compounds examined were potent in vitro inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase, their in vivo potencies varied widely. This discrepancy was usually attributable to differences in bioavailability. Substitution patterns are described that produce potent, orally active inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis. PMID- 3172131 TI - Arylpiperazine derivatives as high-affinity 5-HT1A serotonin ligands. AB - Although simple arylpiperazines are commonly considered to be moderately selective for 5-HT1B serotonin binding sites, N4-substitution of such compounds can enhance their affinity for 5-HT1A sites and/or decrease their affinity for 5 HT1B sites. A small series of 4-substituted 1-arylpiperazines was prepared in an attempt to develop agents with high affinity for 5-HT1A sites. Derivatives where the aryl portion is phenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, or 1-naphthyl, and the 4-substituent is either a phthalimido or benzamido group at a distance of four methylene units away from the piperazine 4-position, display high affinity for these sites. One of these compounds, 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-[4-(2-phthalimido)butyl]piperazine (18), possesses a higher affinity than 5-HT and represents the highest affinity (Ki = 0.6 nM) agent yet reported for 5-HT1A sites. PMID- 3172132 TI - Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)[2-(phenoxysulfonyl)phenyl]methane: isolation and structure elucidation of a novel estrogen from commercial preparations of phenol red (phenolsulfonphthalein) AB - Commercial preparations of phenolsulfonphthalein (Phenol Red), a pH indicator dye widely added to cell culture media, have weak estrogenic activity that can be accounted for by a minor lipophilic impurity (ca. 0.002%). We have isolated this impurity, determined its structure to be bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)[2 (phenoxysulfonyl)phenyl]methane, and synthesized it from phenolsulfonphthalein. This compound binds to the estrogen receptor with an affinity 50% that of estradiol; it stimulates the proliferation and increases the progesterone receptor content of estrogen-responsive breast cancer cells in vitro, and it stimulates uterine weight gain in rats in vivo, but shows a potency in these assays only 0.1-0.2% that of estradiol. We suggest how this novel estrogen may be generated during the preparation of phenolsulfonphthalein. PMID- 3172133 TI - Stereochemical aspects of phenylethanolamine analogues as substrates of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. AB - Phenylethylamines and phenylethanolamines represent two major classes of ligands for the epinephrine synthesizing enzyme, phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT;EC 2.1.1.28). Phenylethylamines are usually competitive inhibitors and the isomers with the relative configuration as in (2S)-amphetamine (1) and (2S)-2 aminotetralin (3) are better inhibitors than their enantiomers. Phenylethanolamines are usually substrates of PNMT and the enzyme prefers the 1R isomers, such as (1R)-phenylethanolamine (5), in this class. Optically active norephedrines (7 and 8), norpseudoephedrines (9 and 10), and 2-amino-1-tetralols (13-16) were used to study the stereochemical requirements of phenylethanolamines for PNMT active site binding. Although the norephedrines (7 and 8) and the norpseudoephedrines (9 and 10) were poorer ligands for PNMT than were the 2-amino 1-tetralols (13-16), (1R,2S)-(-)-norephedrine (7) showed some activity as a PNMT substrate (Km = 1310 microM, Vmax = 0.22, 100 x Vmax/Km = 0.017). In the 2-amino 1-tetralols (13-16), the isomers with the 2S configuration (13 and 15) showed higher affinity to PNMT (13, Km = 4.5 microM; 15, Ki = 4.6 microM) and those with the 1R configuration (13 and 16) were substrates for the PNMT-catalyzed methyl transfer (13, Km = 4.5 microM, Vmax = 0.16, 100 x Vmax/Km = 3.6; 16, Km = 195 microM, Vmax = 0.12, 100 x Vmax/Km = 0.062); the combination of 1R and 2S configurations, such as in (1R,2S)-2-amino-1-tetralol (13), was required for a good substrate. These stereochemical requirements derived from the norephedrines (7 and 8), the norpseudoephedrines (9 and 10), and the 2-amino-1-tetralols (13 16) complement those for phenylethylamines (1-4) and for phenylethanolamines (5 and 6) and strongly suggest that phenylethylamine inhibitors bind to PNMT in the same orientation as do phenylethanolamine substrates. PMID- 3172135 TI - Oral absorption of cephalosporin antibiotics. 2. Expanded structure-activity relationships of 7-(arylacetamido)-3-substituted cephalosporins. AB - The structure-activity relationship for 7-arylacetamido cephalosporins has been extended. Modifications of the 7-aryl group led to improvements in microbiological activity against Gram-positive organisms. However, Gram-negative activity was generally much poorer than that of the lead compound 7-[(2 aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-3-chloro-cephalosporanic acid (A). Modifications of the 3-position did not significantly change the microbiological activity or spectrum. Of the compounds selected for mouse protection studies (ED50's), 7 [(benzothien-3-yl)acetamido]-3-chloro cephalosporin and A showed the best per oral to subcutaneous ED50 ratios. PMID- 3172134 TI - Oral absorption of cephalosporin antibiotics. 1. Synthesis, biological properties, and oral bioavailability of 7-(arylacetamido)-3-chloro cephalosporins in animals. AB - A number of 7-(arylacetamido)-3-substituted cephalosporins were prepared and tested in animals for oral absorbability. Bioavailability in mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys was determined after oral or parenteral administration. Oral bioavailability of five compounds selected for more intensive study was generally higher than that of penicillin V in all species tested. The results of ED50 testing against experimental infections in mice generally supported the bioavailability studies. Antibiotic activities were evaluated against Gram positive and Gram-negative organisms with some derivatives expressing in vitro activity similar to cefaclor. The plasma half-life in rats was relatively short and the plasma curves were strongly influenced by probenecid, indicating rapid renal secretion. Some 7-(arylacetamido)-3-chloro cephalosporins are orally absorbed in animals to a greater extent than penicillin V, and antibacterial agent of proven clinical utility. PMID- 3172136 TI - New "ofloxacin" type antibacterial agents. Incorporation of the spiro cyclopropyl group at N-1. AB - The first example incorporating a spiro cyclopropyl group into an "ofloxacin" type of quinolone antibacterial agent has been prepared by potassium fluoride mediated ring closure of the hydroxymethyl cyclopropyl intermediate to give 9' fluoro-7'-oxo-10'-(1-piperazinyl)spiro[cyclopropane-1,3'(2'H)-[7H] pyrido[1,2,3 de][1,4]benzoxazine]-6'-carboxylic acid. Analogues were made by substitution at C 7 by various complex amines. Evaluation of these compounds for antibacterial activity was carried out. All examples prepared and examined showed in vitro minimum inhibitory values and in vivo mouse protection results to be diminished as compared to the parent, ofloxacin. PMID- 3172137 TI - Studies on antifungal agents. 23. Novel substituted 3,5-diphenyl-3-(1H-imidazol-1 ylmethyl)- 2-alkylisoxazolidine derivatives. AB - The synthesis and antifungal activity of a novel series of substituted 3,5 diphenyl-3-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2-alkylisoxazolidine derivatives (15-30) are described. The synthesis of the title compounds was accomplished via a 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition reaction of alpha-substituted ketonitrones with appropriate styrene precursors. The compounds when tested in vitro in solid agar cultures exerted a very potent antifungal activity against a wide variety of yeast and systemic mycoses and dermatophytes, especially Trichophyton and Microsporum sp., Epidermophyton floccosum and Candida stellatoidea. The in vitro activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans was moderate to potent. Overall, the two bis(4-chlorophenyl) analogues 18 and 19 were the most potent in vitro compounds, showing MIC values ranging between 0.2 and 7.0 microgram/mL, as compared to 0.2-20.0 micrograms/mL for ketoconazole, which was used as the positive standard in all assays. When tested in vivo in the rat vaginal candidiasis model, derivative 18, although showing significant antifungal activity when compared to controls, was less effective than ketoconazole. The title 3,5-substituted isoxazolidine compounds represent a novel class of potent antifungal agents. PMID- 3172138 TI - Synthesis of fluorescent muramyl dipeptide congeners. 2. AB - Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) analogues were prepared and utilized in the synthesis of new fluorescently labeled MDP derivatives for use as biologic probes. Thus, N alpha-(N-acetylmuramyl)-L-lysyl-D-isoglutamine (Lys-MDP, 4) and N alpha-(N acetylmuramyl)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl)-L-lysine [MTP, 5] were synthesized and then reacted with 2-(fluoresceinylamino)-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine (DTAF, 2) to yield the fluorescent adducts, DTAF-Lys-MDP (6) and DTAF-MTP (7). The adjuvant activity of the fluorescent MDP derivatives was determined by the ability of the compounds to promote delayed skin test responses in guinea pigs immunized with ovalbumin (OA) and by evaluating the anti-OA activity of these guinea pigs. PMID- 3172139 TI - The in vitro dental plaque inhibitory properties of a series of N-[1-alkyl-4(1H) pyridinylidene]alkylamines. AB - A series of novel N-[1-alkyl-4(1H)-pyridinylidene]alkylamine hydrohalides has been prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of dental plaque formation, in vitro. Several members of the series exhibited potency ca. 9-fold greater than that of chlorhexidine vs Streptococcus sobrinus 6715-13. The di-n-octyl analogue, 11 (pirtenidine), was found to be highly efficacious against several other oral plaque-forming microorganisms and is presently undergoing preclinical evaluation. PMID- 3172140 TI - (S)-N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-5-[125I]iodo- 2-methoxybenzamide hydrochloride, a new selective radioligand for dopamine D-2 receptors. AB - From salicyclic acid, the two enantiomers of N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-5 iodo-2-methoxybenzamide (6b) were prepared in a five-step synthesis. With use of Heindel's triazene method for introduction of the radionuclide, the iodine-125 labeled substituted benzamide was obtained with a calculated specific activity of 136 Ci/mmol and 14% radiochemical yield. For the preparation of the iodine-125 labeled benzamide with higher specific activity, this method was unsuccessful and utilization of the corresponding tri-n-butyltin derivative was required. Treatment of the latter in dilute hydrochloric acid with sodium iodide-125 and chloramine-T gave [125I](S)-6b in 56% radiochemical yield and at least 97% radiochemical purity. The displacement of [125I](S)-6b and [3H](S)-sulpiride from their respective binding sites in striatal rat brain homogenates using various neuroleptic agents showed that (S)-6b has the same binding profile but more potent binding for dopamine D-2 receptors than has sulpiride. These experiments also indicate that the S enantiomer of 6b is a specific ligand (KD = 1.2 nM) for the D-2 receptor. Further, the octanol-water partition coefficient of (S)-6b as determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was found to be 40 times greater than that for sulpiride. Thus (S)-6b has a lipophilicity that will allow a relatively higher uptake into the brain compared to sulpiride. In vivo experiments with rats show that [125I](S)-6b penetrates readily into the brain and is preferentially localized in the striatum as compared to the cerebellum, the ratio of uptake being 7.2 to 1, 60 min after injection. These observations of good brain penetration and high affinity and selectivity for D-2 receptors indicate that the corresponding iodine-123-labeled benzamide may be a useful ligand for the noninvasive visualization study of dopamine D-2 receptor sites in vivo by single photon emission computed tomography. PMID- 3172141 TI - Benzo[1,2-c:5,4-c']dipyrazoles: non-xanthine adenosine antagonists. AB - 3,5-Dimethylbenzo[1,2-c:5,4-c']dipyrazoles, optionally substituted in the 1-, 7-, and 8-positions, were synthesized from resorcinols. These compounds display affinity for adenosine A1 (rat brain) and A2 (human platelet) receptors. In addition, these compounds reverse contractions of guinea pig tracheal cylindrical segments induced by potassium chloride, histamine, acetylcholine, and 5 hydroxytryptamine, as well as reverse bronchospasm induced by aerosolized histamine in the conscious guinea pig. PMID- 3172142 TI - Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of different sugar-modified pyrimidine and purine nucleosides. AB - A series of base-modified pyrimidine 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxynucleosides and 3' substituted purine and pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides have been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in MT-4 cells. The following pyrimidine derivatives emerged as the most potent and/or selective inhibitors of HIV-induced cytopathogenicity (in order of decreasing selectivity: 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), 3'-azido-2',3' dideoxyuridine (AzddUrd), 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-methylcytidine (AzddMeCyd), 3' fluoro-ddUrd (FddUrd), 3'-fluoro-ddThd (FddThd), the N4-hydroxylated derivative of AzddMeCyd and the N4-methylated derivative of AzddMeCyd. Among the purine 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine (AzddGuo), 3'-fluoro ddGuo (FddGuo), and 3'-fluoro-2,6-diaminopurine 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside (FddDAPR) were the most selective inhibitors of HIV replication. PMID- 3172143 TI - Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (Gronblad-Strandberg syndrome). PMID- 3172145 TI - Unknown syndrome: abnormal facies, hypothyroidism, and severe retardation: a second patient. AB - In the November 1987 issue of this journal, Young and Simpson presented a female infant with abnormal facies (microcephaly, blepharophimosis, small, low set, posteriorly rotated ears, bulbous nose, carp shaped mouth, and micrognathia), congenital heart abnormalities (large atrial and ventricular septal defects), congenital hypothyroidism, and severe global retardation. We have observed a male newborn with a similar pattern of malformations (figs. 1 and 2). PMID- 3172144 TI - Unknown syndrome: Hirschsprung's disease, microcephaly, and iris coloboma: a new syndrome of defective neuronal migration. AB - We describe three children with Hirschsprung's disease and microcephaly, two of whom also have an iris coloboma. Two of the children, one with a coloboma and one without, are from the same consanguineous pedigree. The third case is unrelated and was identified by the matching program of the London Dysmorphology Database. This is the first report of this combination of features which are considered to be secondary to defective neuronal migration. An autosomal recessive mode of inheritance is proposed. PMID- 3172147 TI - Holoprosencephaly and postaxial polydactyly: another observation. PMID- 3172146 TI - A further patient with the lethal type of Larsen syndrome. AB - We present a female infant with multiple joint dislocations, flat facies, cleft soft palate, redundant neck skin, pulmonary hypoplasia, and skeletal abnormalities. PMID- 3172148 TI - Holoprosencephaly, ventricular septal defect, and postaxial polydactyly in a human embryo. PMID- 3172149 TI - Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome: clinical, morphological, and biochemical studies. AB - We report a sibship of a sister and brother with osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome. Several other family members became blind or showed signs of bone involvement. There was considerable consanguinity in the pedigree. The proband was small in size and had prominent skeletal deformities and clinical muscle weakness. These features were not present in her brother, suggesting clinical variability. Mental function was normal in both. Bone histology showed osteopenia. Several biochemical events of procollagen biosynthesis were analysed in fibroblast cultures, but no significant abnormalities compared to control fibroblast cultures were detected. PMID- 3172150 TI - Pycnodysostosis. AB - The first Scottish family with pycnodysostosis is reported. The clinical and radiological findings in the two affected men are recorded. PMID- 3172151 TI - Identification of the E1fE1k cholinesterase genotype. AB - A family segregating for the A, F, and K alleles at cholinesterase locus 1 is described. This work, undertaken after the proband suffered prolonged apnoea after the use of suxamethonium during the delivery of her third child, resulted in the identification of the E1fE1k genotype in her oldest son. PMID- 3172152 TI - Trisomy 18 syndrome with cleft foot. AB - Ectrodactyly of the feet has been reported only twice in association with trisomy 18 syndrome. A severe form of this anomaly, the first with published illustrative x rays, is described in a male infant with trisomy 18 syndrome. It is suggested that this may represent an extreme expression of the foot anomalies more commonly associated with this syndrome. PMID- 3172153 TI - Substance abuse units taught by four specialties in medical schools and residency programs. AB - Four medical specialty organizations conducted a survey of 294 departments in 98 medical schools and 1,124 residency programs to identify the number and type of curriculum units on substance abuse offered by these specialties. A curriculum unit was defined as a formal block of teaching on substance abuse. A total of 251 (85 percent) of the medical school departments and 828 (74 percent) of the residency programs responded. Of those, 175 (70 percent) of the medical school departments and 479 (58 percent) of the residency programs reported offering at least one curriculum unit on substance abuse. There was considerable variation among the four specialties in the number and percentage of departments or programs reporting such units. Overall, a majority of the units addressed both alcohol and other drugs, were required, and included a clinical component. Evaluations of content and teaching strategies are needed to examine the quality and adequacy of substance abuse training. PMID- 3172154 TI - Substance use by fourth-year students at 13 U.S. medical schools. AB - Fourth-year medical students at 13 medical schools in different regions of the United States received an anonymous questionnaire designed to examine their current and prior use of 11 substances and their attitudes toward substance use among physicians. Of 1,427 questionnaires distributed, 41 percent were returned. The questionnaire and distribution method were derived from an ongoing survey on drug use in order to permit comparison of the medical students with a national sample of age- and sex-matched cohorts. The rates of substance use during the 30 days preceding receipt of the questionnaire were: alcohol, 87.8 percent; marijuana, 17.3 percent; cigarettes, 9.0 percent; cocaine, 5.6 percent; heroin, 0.0 percent; other opiates, 0.9 percent; LSD, 0.2 percent; other psychedelics, 0.5 percent; barbiturates, 0.5 percent; tranquilizers, 2.2 percent; and amphetamines, 1.2 percent. Compared with their age and sex cohorts nationally, the medical students reported less use of marijuana, cocaine, cigarettes, LSD, barbiturates, and amphetamines. However, their use of other opiates was approximately the same and their use of tranquilizers and alcohol was slightly higher than that of the other cohorts. Data on their sources of knowledge about drug abuse indicate the need for greater attention to this issue in the medical curriculum. PMID- 3172155 TI - Substance abuse policies and programs at U.S. medical schools. PMID- 3172156 TI - Survey on curriculum committees at U.S. and Canadian medical schools. AB - A 27-item questionnaire was sent to 144 U.S. and Canadian medical schools to identify prevailing patterns in the organization, philosophy, and function of curriculum committees. Overall, 76 percent responded, with 67 percent of the respondents being school administrators and 33 percent being faculty members. Fifty-one percent rated their school's committee as exerting a significant impact on the educational program over the previous five years. Fifty-six percent of the committees had a routine procedure for course review and used data from multiple sources when conducting curriculum evaluations. The committees that annually received a specific assignment from the dean were the most likely (91 percent) to be rated as having a significant impact, followed by committees that conducted frequent course reviews (66 percent). Thirty-eight percent of the committees were primarily faculty oriented, 29 percent were decidedly administrative in composition, and the remaining committees exhibited a mixture of membership. PMID- 3172157 TI - Study of relation of continuing medical education to quality of family physicians' care. AB - A random sample of 120 physicians in Ontario was studied to assess quality of care in primary care and test an hypothesis that quality of care was related to continuing medical education (CME) activities. The quality-of-care scores were obtained by an in-office audit of a random selection of charts. The scores were global scores for charting, prevention, the use of 13 classes of drugs, and care of a two-year period for 182 different diagnoses. There were no relationships between global quality-of-care scores based on these randomly chosen charts and either the type or quantity of the physicians' CME activities. These activities were reading journals, attending rounds, attending scientific conferences, having informal consultations, using audio and video cassettes, and engaging in self assessment. The implications of these findings are significant for future research in CME and for planners of present CME programs. PMID- 3172158 TI - Seminars, clinics, and laboratories on medical ignorance. PMID- 3172159 TI - Using an interdisciplinary team for geriatric education in a nursing home. PMID- 3172160 TI - Family practice residents' documentation of clinical skills. PMID- 3172161 TI - Teaching communication and interviewing skills to medical students preparing for residency interviews. PMID- 3172162 TI - Scientific fraud. PMID- 3172163 TI - Workshops and lectures. PMID- 3172164 TI - An improved optical eye movement detector for visual half-field studies of cerebral hemisphere memory. AB - An instrument for the evaluation of cerebral hemisphere memory using the visual half-field (VHF) technique is described. The object was to improve the existing VHF-techniques by means of an infra-red eye movement detector to control visual fixation, and to automatically control the presentation of visual stimuli. The instrument consists of four functional parts; visual presentation; optical eye movement control; electronic programming; and reaction time measuring. The instrument has been used on normal controls and in neuropsychological pre- and post-operative investigations on patients with drug resistant partial epilepsy. It has proved easy to use and reveals valuable information about hemisphere memory function. The use of an optical eye movement detector together with electronic logic has improved the accuracy and reliability of the VHF-test. A schematic outline of the instrument and a brief description of electronic circuitry are given. PMID- 3172165 TI - A proposed clinical application of a model of CO2 laser radiation induced damage craters. AB - A method for a controlled generation of primary damage craters in methacrylate ester samples (Vedril C, Montedison) induced by continuous and long-term exposure to CO2 laser radiation is proposed. The results are compared with the experimental values obtained 'in vitro' with 10 W continuous output power of a CO2 laser beam and fg = 7.5 in focal length of the laser's focusing head, and this shows that the proposed model can explain the phenomenon related to the generation of the limiting crater in typical biological tissue. It may have applications in clinical procedures where long-term exposure of the tissue to a laser beam must be considered. Also, the method may possibly be used to create and update a computer library automatically collecting data regarding different thermodynamic characteristics and values of various biological media. PMID- 3172166 TI - Technical note: an automatic tyre inflator for wheelchairs. PMID- 3172167 TI - A bed-mounted mobile intensive-care unit. AB - The provision of intensive-care facilities for patients in transit can present problems. We describe our novel approach to these in which we have added facilities to a standard bed which is used for the transfer of patients. This may also be a cost-effective method of providing intensive-care equipment to beds at any location. PMID- 3172168 TI - Evaluation report: infusion pumps and controllers. AB - A recent edition of 'Health Equipment Information' ('HEI'), Number 175, published in October 1987, contains evaluation reports on a further six infusion devices. These are the Fresenius Injectomat S, the Imed 800, the Sky Electronics PSA 55, the Vi-Tal Vi-Flow, the Braun Dropmat Secura and the Ivac 281 Site Saver. The evaluation was carried out for the Department of Health within the Bath District Health Authority. Technical assessment was carried out by the Bath Institute of Medical Engineering and testing, to BS 5724, at the British Standards Institution. PMID- 3172169 TI - The urease enzymes of Campylobacter pylori and a related bacterium. AB - The urease enzyme of Campylobacter pylori was studied and compared with that of a related spiral-shaped bacterium, St1, isolated from the rodent ileum. Both bacteria possessed constitutive urease enzymes with activities up to 20-70 times that of Proteus vulgaris. This activity was retained on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. A major catalytic subunit of mol. wt 300,000 was located for all (six) strains of C. pylori subjected to SDS-PAGE whereas St1 had two active forms of mol. wts 140,000 and 150,000. Western-blot analysis indicated the presence of anti-urease antibodies in the sera of patients with C. pylori-associated gastritis. The response to C. pylori urease was not strain-specific but no cross-reactivity was detected between the C. pylori enzyme and that of St1. The very high urease activity of these bacteria is likely to be important in colonisation of the host. Possession of glutamate dehydrogenase activity by both organisms suggests that one role of the urease may be to assimilate the available urea nitrogen. Modification of the local environment to facilitate long-term colonisation is another possible function. Protection from acid is unlikely to be a primary role as the natural habitat of the organism St1 is the non-acid-secreting tissue of the small intestine. PMID- 3172171 TI - Isolation of colonial variants of Bacteroides gingivalis W50 with a reduced virulence. AB - The spontaneous appearance of unusual colony forms was observed during prolonged growth of Bacteroides gingivalis W50 in a chemostat. Two variants were selected for further study which could be distinguished from the parent strain by the rate and intensity of pigmentation of their colonies. For example, after anaerobic incubation for 14 days, variant W50/BR1 produced brown colonies whereas those of the parent strain were black; in contrast, variant W50/BE1 did not show signs of pigmentation until incubation had continued for 21 days. In subsequent studies in the chemostat, variant W50/BE1 bred true even after prolonged growth whereas other colony forms appeared after incubation of variant W50/BR1 for 14 days. The relatedness of W50/BR1 and W50/BE1 to the parent strain was confirmed by comparisons of the whole-cell fatty-acid profiles, the patterns of pre-formed enzymes and by the metabolic end products after growth. However, the variants did differ from the parent strain in their virulence in a mouse pathogenicity model. The parent strain killed all mice given infective doses greater than 5 x 10(8) cfu whereas W50/BR1 was much less virulent (2 out of 10 mice killed and higher infective doses needed for higher mortality rates) and W50/BE1 was avirulent at all infective doses tested. PMID- 3172170 TI - Isolation of a gastric campylobacter-like organism from the stomach of four rhesus monkeys, and identification as Campylobacter pylori. AB - Campylobacter-like organisms, isolated from the gastric antrum of Rhesus monkeys, were compared with Campylobacter jejuni and C. pylori. They were similar to C. pylori by light microscopy, in ultrastructural morphology, in enzymic, fatty-acid methyl-ester, and protein-profile analysis, and in antigenic reactivity with rabbit antisera to C. jejuni and C. pylori and with C. pylori-specific monoclonal antibody. Because this natural infection of the Rhesus monkey is associated with chronic gastritis, resembling the disease in humans colonised with C. pylori, we recommend the animal as a model for the investigation of human gastritis. PMID- 3172172 TI - Preformed enzyme profiles of reference strains of gram-positive anaerobic cocci. AB - The preformed (constitutive) enzyme profiles of 30 type strains and reference strains of gram-positive anaerobic cocci were determined with two commercial systems, RapID ANA and a prototype system from API. Both systems identified Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Ps. asaccharolyticus, Ps. indolicus, Ps. magnus and Ps. micros accurately, except for one strain of Ps. magnus misidentified as Ps. micros by the RapID ANA system. The indole-negative, butyrate-producing cocci (classified at present as Ps. prevotii and Ps. tetradius) produced several different, unique patterns with the prototype API system, but the results with RapID ANA were often misleading. Eight strains of Hare group cocci produced previously described profiles. Four strains of streptococci produced profiles easily distinguished from those of the gram-positive anaerobic cocci. We conclude that most gram-positive anaerobic cocci can be identified rapidly and reliably to the species level by their preformed enzyme profiles, providing that their underlying classification is sound. Problems were encountered with the butyrate producing cocci, which appear to be a more heterogeneous group of organisms than is currently acknowledged; further taxonomic studies on these organisms are required. PMID- 3172173 TI - Assessment of the pathogenicity of bacterial species isolated from acute dentoalveolar abscesses. AB - The pathogenicity of 20 strains belonging to nine bacterial species isolated from acute dentoalveolar abscesses was assessed individually and in two species combinations by subcutaneous inoculation of mice. Infections were produced by all the bacteria although variations were seen both in the type of lesion produced and the subsequent recovery of viable bacteria. Anaerobic gram-negative bacilli were recovered more often (p less than 0.05) at high concentrations (10(6)-10(9) cfu/ml) and produced a localised abscess with peripheral necrosis more frequently (p less than 0.001) than either Streptococcus milleri or anaerobic gram-positive cocci. Lesions induced by a combination of bacteria comprising anaerobic gram negative bacillus and any other species yielded both strains at high concentration more often (p less than 0.001) than a combination comprising anaerobic gram-positive cocci and S. milleri. It is concluded that anaerobic gram negative bacilli are major pathogens in acute dentoalveolar abscesses. PMID- 3172174 TI - Immunoblot fingerprinting of Campylobacter pylori. AB - One hundred and fifty isolates of Campylobacter pylori were divided into nine groups by immunoblot fingerprinting. All isolates were typable and reproducibility between immunoblots was good provided both antigen and antibody preparation were standardised. Discrimination was a problem as Groups 1 and 2 accounted for 66% of isolates. Recurrence after bismuth treatment was due to indistinguishable strains in five patients and different strains in three patients. PMID- 3172176 TI - Platelet associated IgG (PA IgG) in patients with insulin dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus. AB - Increased levels of Platelet Associated IgG have been found in 30% of patients with insulin dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus, closely associated with the simultaneous presence in the serum of insulin antibodies and immune complexes. It is suggested that the increase in PA IgG levels may be of importance in the occurrence of the platelet abnormalities observed in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3172175 TI - Screening for complement deficiencies in patients surviving from epidemic meningococcal disease. AB - Sera from 132 patients surviving from meningococcal disease during the high endemic period 1 January 1980 to 31 December 1984 on the Faroe Islands were screened for deficiencies of the complement (C) system by measuring hemolytic complement function in serum. Samples from 12 patients with reduced C function were further investigated by immunochemical quantification of individual C proteins. One patients was identified with C3-deficiency (C3-concentration 6% of normal) due to the presence of C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF) in serum. In addition, eight patients had minor aberrations in one or several complement proteins. It is concluded, that C deficiency is not an important risk factor during epidemics of meningococcal disease. The C3NeF activity could not be absorbed with Neisseria meningitidis group B, type 15, indicating absence of crossreactivity between neisserial antigens and C3NeF. PMID- 3172178 TI - Experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis in rabbits induced by Trichosporon cutaneum: role of local cellular and humoral immune responses. AB - We evaluated the immunopathologic properties of Trichosporon cutaneum, an important etiologic agent of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis in Japan. Rabbits were sensitized and challenged by either a culture-filtrate antigen or a particulate antigen prepared from a TIMM 1318 strain of the fungus. Group 1 animals received repetitive intratracheal injections of a particulate T. cutaneum antigen without use of any adjuvant. Group 2 animals were sensitized by foot-pad injections of particulate antigen followed by an intratracheal challenge with the same antigen. Group 3 animals were sensitized by a culture-filtrate antigen emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant followed by a challenge with the intratracheal injection of the same antigen. In group 1, we observed interstitial pneumonitis with prominent granulomatous reactions which resembled those in human hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Group 2 animals also showed granulomatous inflammation in a some minor extent, but they were accompanied with excessive infiltration of neutrophils. In contrast, group 3 showed mild alveolitis in a cell population consisting predominantly of macrophages. Lymphocytes from mediastinal nodes responded to the antigen in groups 1 and 2 but not in group 3. Interestingly, the specific IgA antibody activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) of group 1 was significantly higher than those of group 2, despite the IgG antibody activity was the same. The ratio of IgA/IgG antibody activity in individual BALF sample in these two groups correlated inversely with the grade of neutrophil infiltration. Thus, the presence of IgA antibody in the respiratory tract affects the pathological outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172177 TI - Inhibition of tumor growth by dairy products. AB - Effects of dairy products (cheeses and yoghurt) on growth of transplanted murine tumors were examined in various tumor-host combinations. Suppression of tumor growth was observed in proportion to the duration of feeding. Peripheral lymph node (LN) cells of mice fed dairy products showed an increment in the fluorescence intensity of Thy-1.2+ cells in FACS analysis. These cells showed an augmented PHA response and a remarkable antitumor effect in tumor neutralization test (Winn's assay) compared to control lymphocytes. These results suggest that dairy products enhance the activity of peripheral LN cells to suppress the tumor growth. Moreover, serum transfer from cheese fed mice revealed the protective effects against tumors, while that from yoghurt fed mice did not show such an effect. In the former mice, serum iron level was increased compared to control levels but antibody response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) was not augmented. From these results, we propose a hypothesis that lymphocytes may be activated by transferable serum factors such as iron-saturated transferrin and suppression of tumor growth caused by the effector-target interaction which is mediated by effector-associated transferrin in the case of cheese fed mice. In yoghurt fed mice another mechanism is suspected because of the low level of serum iron. PMID- 3172179 TI - Anion specificity of the jejunal folate carrier: effects of reduced folate analogues on folate uptake and efflux. AB - We previously reported that 3H-folate uptake by rabbit jejunal brush-border membrane (BBM) vesicles was markedly stimulated by an outwardly directed OH- gradient (pHin 7.7, pHout 5.5), inhibited by anion exchange inhibitors (DIDS, SITS, furosemide), and saturable (folate Km = 0.19 microM) suggesting carrier mediated folate/OH- exchange (or H+/folate cotransport). In the present study, the anion specificity of this transport process was examined. Under conditions of an outwardly directed OH- gradient, DIDS-sensitive folate uptake was cis inhibited (greater than 90%) by reduced folate analogues: dihydrofolate (IC50 = 0.40 microM), folinic acid (IC50 = 0.50 microM), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (IC50 = 0.53 microM), and (+)amethopterin (IC50 = 0.93 microM). In contrast, 10 microM ( )amethopterin had only a modest effect on folate uptake (18% inhibition) suggesting stereospecificity of the folate/OH- exchanger. The nonpteridine compounds which are transported by the folate carrier in L1210 leukemic cells (phthalate, thiamine pyrophosphate, and PO4(-3] did not inhibit jejunal folate uptake. Furthermore, folate uptake was not inhibited by SO4(-2) (4 mM) or oxalate (4 mM) thereby distinguishing this carrier from the previously described intestinal SO4(-2)/OH- and oxalate/Cl- exchangers. After BBM vesicles were loaded with 3H-folate, the initial velocity of 3H-folate efflux was stimulated by unlabeled folate in the efflux medium. The transstimulation of 3H-folate efflux by unlabeled folate was furosemide (or DIDS) inhibitable and temperature sensitive. Half-maximal stimulation of furosemide-sensitive 3H-folate efflux was observed with 0.25 +/- 0.05 microM unlabeled folate, a concentration similar to the Km for folate uptake. These data suggest that folate-stimulated 3H-folate efflux is mediated by the folate/OH- exchanger.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172181 TI - Protonophore anion permeability of the human red cell membrane determined in the presence of valinomycin. AB - A transport model for translocation of the protonophore CCCP across the red cell membrane has been established and cellular CCCP binding parameters have been determined. The time course of the CCCP redistribution across the red cell membrane, following a jump in membrane potential induced by valinomycin addition, has been characterized by fitting values of preequilibrium extracellular pH vs. time to the transport model. It is demonstrated, that even in the presence of valinomycin, the CCCP-anion is "well behaved," in that the translocation can be described by simple electrodiffusion. The translocation kinetics conform to an Eyring transport model, with a single activation energy barrier, contrary to translocation across lipid bilayers, that is reported to follow a transport model with a plateau in the activation energy barrier. The CCCP anion permeability across the red cell membrane has been calculated to be close to 2.0 X 10(-4) cm/sec at 37 degrees C with small variations between donors. Thus the permeability of CCCP in the human red cell membrane deviates from that found in black lipid membranes, in which the permeability is found to be a factor of 10 higher. PMID- 3172180 TI - Studies on inactivation of anion transport in human red blood cell membrane by reversibly and irreversibly acting arginine-specific reagents. AB - A chromophoric derivative of phenylglyoxal, 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylglyoxal (HNPG), known to be highly selective for modification of arginine residues in aqueous solution is found to be a potent inhibitor of anion transport across the red cell membrane. In contrast to the action of all other arginine-specific reagents used under the experimental conditions in this laboratory, the action of HNPG on sulfate transport is completely reversible. Hence, a kinetic analysis of its inhibitory effect on SO4(2-) self-exchange could be performed. The effect of increasing chloride concentration on the inhibitory potency of HNPG is consistent with the concept that Cl- and HNPG compete for the same site on the anion transporter. The IC50 value for the inhibition of SO4(2-) exchange with HNPG is about 0.13 mM at pH 8.0 and 0.36 mM at pH 7.4, and the Hill coefficient for the interaction between the transporter and the inhibitor is near one at both pH's. HNPG is able to protect the transport system against inhibition with the (under our experimental conditions) irreversibly acting arginine specific reagent, phenylglyoxal. Partial inactivation of the transport system with phenylglyoxal lowers the maximal rates of SO4(2-) and chloride exchange but does not modify the apparent KS for the substrate anions. Reversibly acting anion transport inhibitors known to interact with the DIDS binding site like salicylate, tetrathionate, APMB, DNDS, and flufenamate are able to protect the transport system against phenylglyoxalation. Other inhibitors like phloretin and phlorizin have no effect. PMID- 3172182 TI - BASIC programs to compute source densities from autoradiographic cross-fire matrices. AB - Two different mathematical procedures to compute source densities from cross-fire matrices in quantitative EM autoradiography are reported. BASIC programs for a desk-top microcomputer were written to fit the hypothetical silver grain distribution to the observed real silver grain distribution using a non-iterative linear process (least-squares procedure) and an iterative method, which minimizes the chi-square component between the observed and computed silver grain distributions. The latter procedure uses a Gauss-Newton algorithm. PMID- 3172183 TI - Freeze-fracture of 3T3 cells for high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. AB - Triton-extracted, freeze-fractured 3T3 cells have been examined in the Hitachi S 900 field-emission SEM, after light platinum coating, at low beam voltage to evaluate the performance of the microscope under these conditions. For unstained material fixed in glutaraldehyde alone, high-resolution images can be obtained, at accelerating voltages of 1.5-5kV, after rotary deposition of platinum to an average thickness of 1.5-3 nm. Comparisons are made between these results and those of studies by TEM of deep-etch replicas of similar material previously published. PMID- 3172184 TI - Application of freeze-etch replication for the observation of the cell extracellular matrix interface of cultured cells. AB - In order to investigate the ultrastructural three-dimensional relationship between extracellular matrices (ECM) and the plasma membranes of cultured cells, a freeze-etch replica method was devised. Bovine corneal endothelial cells were cultured on a Collodion film which covered a hole punched in a plastic coverslip, and were quickly frozen with a slammer with their basal surface facing a liquid nitrogen-cooled copper block. The cells were placed upside-down in a Balzers freeze-fracture machine and freeze-etched, and then platinum-carbon replicas were obtained. The structure of the ECM-plasma membrane interface was observed successfully and so this technique provides a new approach for investigating the ECM-plasma membrane (matrix-receptor) relationship. PMID- 3172185 TI - A new method for cell culture on an electron-transparent melamine foil suitable for successive LM, TEM and SEM studies of whole cells. AB - A new cell culture technique is described which is based on the observation that foils cast from the melamine resin hexamethylol-melamine-ether are suitable for the cultivation of beating heart muscle cells and fibroblasts of the rat. This foil can be flamed for sterilization, is about 80 nm in thickness, homogeneous and smooth, withstands dehydration and critical point-drying, can be removed from glass and permits the imaging of whole cells successively by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The method is capable of narrowing the gap between light and electron microscopy, yielding excellent whole cell preparations in various kinds of microscopic studies to be performed on one and the same cell. PMID- 3172186 TI - Video microscopic image processing facilitates the evaluation of light microscopic autoradiography at high magnification. AB - Light microscopic autoradiographs of 3H-thymidine labelled unstained semithin sections of Xenopus laevis embryonic nuclei were examined with conventional Nomarski differential interference contrast, phase-contrast and video microscopy. Whereas at low magnification it was possible to obtain a photograph of the nuclear structure and the silver grains in one focal plain, at high magnification, with small depths of focus, a satisfactory image was not attainable. Therefore, we stored the images of the two different focus levels with a digital image processing system and combined both images by an arithmetic operation. This video microscopic technique allows the use of high magnification light microscopy with oil immersion objectives and the application of additional electronic contrast enhancing methods for an adequate and rapid analysis of light microscopic autoradiographs. PMID- 3172187 TI - The role of motion sickness in predicting anticipatory nausea. AB - Susceptibility to motion sickness has been demonstrated to be a predictor of anticipatory nausea in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. However, previous research did not test whether motion sickness increases anticipatory nausea only by increasing the base rate of posttreatment nausea and vomiting (which has traditionally served as the unconditioned stimulus in the conditioning model for anticipatory nausea) or, alternatively, whether motion sickness might facilitate the association of external stimuli to posttreatment nausea and vomiting. Using two different analytic approaches--a series of logistic analyses that controlled for drug-induced nausea and vomiting following the initial injection, along with an event history analysis which allows for updating on the posttreatment nausea and vomiting factors--motion sickness was found to be an independent predictor of anticipatory nausea. Further, the predictive power of motion sickness is also independent of the effects of pretreatment anxiety, taste during injection, and age. PMID- 3172189 TI - Pain-patient Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) subgroups: evaluation of long-term treatment outcome. AB - Six hundred thirty-five chronic pain patients completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) prior to participation in a multidisciplinary inpatient pain treatment program. Three male and four female MMPI subgroups were identified by means of cluster analyses for each of two samples. Pretreatment and long-term follow-up differences were then examined among the MMPI subgroups. Results indicated that the subgroups identified in the present study closely resembled each other and those previously reported in the literature. However, at long-term follow-up only a few outcome differences were identified among male subgroups, while no differences were found among female subgroups. Possible explanations for no differential treatment outcomes among the MMPI subgroups are discussed. PMID- 3172188 TI - Empirically derived Symptom Checklist 90 subgroups of chronic pain patients: a cluster analysis. AB - Four hundred fifty-three chronic pain patients completed a Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and a comprehensive pain evaluation questionnaire. All patients were evaluated by a physician and rated on degree of pain pathology and pain behavior. The SCL-90 data were analyzed using two clustering procedures and replicated over two similar samples. Three distinct profiles emerged and represented high, medium, and low scores on the SCL-90. No differences were found between subgroups on demographic characteristics, compensation status, pain duration, or pain ratings. Patients in the high-profile subgroup showed the most emotional distress, reported that their pain interfered the most with all activities, and were most often judged to have high pain behavior. Little evidence was found to support a "denial" profile, as previously predicted. Further support was found for using the SCL-90 in assessing chronic pain patients. PMID- 3172190 TI - The dimensional structure of medical students' perceptions of diseases. AB - First- and second-year medical students rated 35 diseases (e.g., cancer, heart attack, herpes, schizophrenia, alcoholism) on nine different rating scales (e.g., prognosis, ease of management). In order to uncover the underlying dimensional structure, mean ratings were subjected to multidimensional scaling analyses in which both diseases and rating scales were placed in the same configuration. The results indicated that a two-dimensional solution, accounting for 97% of the variance, was most appropriate. The first dimension distinguishes between diseases that appear to be more physiological in nature and those that have some psychological involvement as well. The second dimension seems most related to fear, seriousness, prognosis, patient desirability, and ease of management. PMID- 3172191 TI - Dietary restraint and obesity: their effects on dietary intake. AB - The current investigation evaluated the effects of levels of restraint, dietary intake, and obesity on both immediate (i.e., in the laboratory) and subsequent (i.e., outside the laboratory) self-reported dietary intake. Subjects were 102 college females, half of whom were given a high-caloric snack of a chocolate milkshake. Subjects were classified according to their level of chronic dieting status and relative weight. Chronic dieting status was measured by utilizing both the Concern for Dieting (CD) and the Weight Fluctuation (WF) factors of the revised restraint scale (Polivy, 1980). When using the WF factor, results indicated that obesity interacted with dieting status on total food consumption (i.e., calories for the entire day). That is, nondieting obese subjects reportedly ate significantly more calories than nondieting normal-weight subjects. Further, nondieting overweight subjects reported eating significantly more than low-restrained normal-weight subjects. On the CD factor, restrained eaters who received a preload reported eating significantly more calories than nondieters at lunch. For those subjects not receiving a milkshake, restrained eaters ate fewer calories at lunch than nondieters. The significance of these results for understanding possible energy imbalances in obese individuals as well as understanding pathological overeating and its consequences is discussed. PMID- 3172192 TI - Type A behavior pattern and symptom reports: a prospective investigation. AB - This study examined the relationship between the Type A Behavior Pattern and reporting of a constellation of physical symptoms related to respiratory infections using a prospective design. The results indicate that Types A and B students did not differ significantly in their reports of the frequency or severity of the constellation of symptoms or of individual symptoms over an 87 day period. Furthermore, there were no type differences in the frequency or severity of the symptom constellation reported during a competitive and highly challenging period of time. In view of the contradiction in previously published reports (i.e., reports of both positive and negative relationships between Type A and symptom reporting) and the robust methodological design utilized in the present study, the wholly negative nature of these findings point strongly to the absence of Type A/B differences in symptom reporting. PMID- 3172193 TI - Unconfounding the Hassles Scale: external sources versus internal responses to stress. AB - The Hassles Scale (HS; Kanner, A.D., et al., J. Behav. Med. 4: 1-39, 1981) has aroused considerable debate. Its authors and some others report that it provides a superior way of operationalizing psychosocial stress and that it predicts health outcomes as well as or better than measures of major life events. Critics contend that the HS is confounded by an inability to separate the external, objective sources of stress from the internal, subjective reactions to it and that it measures, rather than predicts, psychological distress. In this article we argue that a careful distinction between the two major HS summary scores, Hassle Number and Hassle Intensity, will largely disentangle the confound. Results based on data collected from a sample of alcohol and substance abusers (N = 630) suggest that the number of external stressors and the strength of internal reactions to them can be separately assessed using the HS. Results indicate that these two components are independently as well as jointly associated with psychological distress. PMID- 3172194 TI - Correlates of participation in a worksite stop-smoking contest. AB - Smokers employed at Roswell Park Memorial Institute, a cancer hospital and research center located in Buffalo, New York, were offered the opportunity to participate in a quit-smoking contest in which cash prizes were awarded for stopping smoking. Information on the smoking habits and attitudes of employees collected in a survey 3 months before the contest was used to predict the characteristics of smokers associated with contest participation. The same variables were also used to predict cessation among contest participants 3 months after the start of the contest. Overall, 14% of smokers enrolled in the contest, with one-third still abstinent 3 months later. Contest participation was associated with the smoker's reported desire to stop smoking and the number of symptoms related to smoking. Smoking cessation was related to the strength of the smoking habit, the confidence in the ability to quit, and the smoking status and relationship of the respondent's partner in the contest. PMID- 3172195 TI - The effects of blood sugar level changes on cognitive function, affective state, and somatic symptoms. AB - In an attempt to find out whether decreased blood sugar level is associated with impaired cognitive function, adverse emotional changes, or somatic symptoms, 35 subjects who suspected that they had hypoglycemia were given 5-hr glucose tolerance tests (GTTs). Nine blood samples were taken during the GTT, and the subject's mood, Serial Sevens Test (SST) performance, and somatic symptom reports were recorded on each occasion of sampling. The subjects reported significantly more negative affect and somatic symptoms after glucose nadir than before nadir. SST performance deteriorated at glucose nadir. These effects were more pronounced for subjects with high hypoglycemic index scores than for subjects with low index scores. The impairment in SST performance was greater for subjects who showed rapid decreases in blood sugar than for subjects who showed slow decreases. Dividing subjects by high and low nadirs did not reveal any differences in symptomatology. PMID- 3172196 TI - Causal attributions and coping with pain in chronic headache sufferers. AB - In the present study the relationship between attributions of causality and pain coping behavior in headache patients was examined. Data from 441 chronic headache sufferers were collected by means of self-report inventories. The most frequently reported causal attributions were hereditary factors, emotional distress, menses or menopause, an overactive life-style, weather conditions, nutrition, and physical exertion. Some support was found for a hypothesized association between physically and psychologically related causal attributions and allied pain-coping behavior. However, as far as a relationship was revealed, it served to explain only less than 2% of the variance in pain-coping behavior. It is concluded that causal attributions do not contribute to the understanding of pain-coping behavior in chronic headache sufferers. PMID- 3172197 TI - Borborygmia I. PMID- 3172198 TI - A new credentialing problem. PMID- 3172199 TI - Effect of ATP removal and inorganic phosphate on length redistribution of sheared actin filament populations. Evidence for a mechanism of end-to-end annealing. AB - The effect of inorganic phosphate (Pi) on the depolymerization of F-actin has been measured. Pi inhibits disassembly of pyrene-labelled F-actin at steady-state induced either by dilution, or by shearing, suggesting that Pi decreases the off rate constant, k-, for dissociation. This effect of Pi is maximal at 20 mM, unlike the effect of Pi in reducing the critical concentration at the pointed end (maximal at 2 mM). This difference in concentration dependence for the two effects is interpreted as different affinities of Pi for the barbed and pointed ends, presumably as ADP-Pi-actin species. The contribution of ATP/ADP phase changes at filament ends (i.e. "dynamic instability") to length redistribution in sheared polymer steady-state actin filament populations was determined by (1) converting ATP to ADP in the system to prevent phase changes, or (2) adding 20 mM Pi to the system to inhibit depolymerization. The observed absence of effect of these treatments on length redistribution excludes all mechanisms which involve phase change-driven disassembly or monomer exchange at filament ends, and appears to constrain the mechanism to one of end-to-end annealing under these conditions. PMID- 3172200 TI - Three-dimensional structure of the wild-type lac Pribnow promoter DNA in solution. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance studies and distance geometry calculations. AB - The solution structure of a 12 base-pair DNA duplex containing the wt-lac promoter Pribnow sequence TATGTT has been studied by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Proton assignments for the 24 sugar and base residues were obtained from two-dimensional correlated nuclear magnetic resonance and two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectra in both 2H2O and H2O, and by two-dimensional relayed coherence transfer nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments. Time-dependent, two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectra were used to determine the initial cross-relaxation rates between 212 pairs of assigned protons, leading to 212 interproton distances in the double helix (8 to 9 per nucleotide). These distance constraints, and known bond lengths and angles, were entered into a distance matrix. After smoothing the bounds of the distance matrix, 12 trial matrices within the bounds constraints were independently generated and embedded in three-dimensional space using a distance geometry algorithm, to generate 12 trial structures. These trial structures were then refined until they no longer violated the distance matrix. The resulting structures are very similar at the local base-pair and nearest-neighbor base-pair level, but exhibit increasing variation at more distant and global levels. At the nearest-neighbor level, the A to T step and the G to T step within the Pribnow hexamer, as well as the G to T step preceding the hexamer, all exhibit very low screw pitch, i.e. 5(+/- 6) degrees. Conversely, the T to G step in the center of the promoter has a large screw pitch (47(+/- 2) degrees) and the T to G step at the 3' end of the promoter has a very large screw pitch (60(+/- 3) degrees). The limitations of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy distance determination of structure are discussed in terms of resolution and spectral overlap of two dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect crosspeaks. In the present duplex, the inability to measure several 1'-2' and 1'-2" distances resulted in underdetermination of the precise local sugar conformation for seven of the 24 residues, although the spatial position of all sugars was well defined. PMID- 3172201 TI - Solvent effect in protein crystals. A neutron diffraction analysis of solvent and ion density. AB - In protein crystallography, it has been customary to omit the low-order data in refinement procedures. These data contain, however, important information about the gross features of the unit cell content and particularly the scattering density of the solvent, i.e. solvent structure. In order to use the low-order Bragg reflections, a solvent evaluation procedure has been developed that permits the description of the low-order structure factors (F) as a combination of solvent and protein terms. This permits the use of all observed F values in a least-squares refinement, results in better refinement (lower R factor) and permits easier placement of water and ion locations. Coupled with the measurement of the crystal density by a density-gradient technique, the evaluation of the solvent scattering makes it possible to determine the amount of salt present in the solvent space. For myoglobin crystals grown from solutions containing close to 40% (w/w) ammonium sulfate only 13% (w/w) of salt is present in the solvent space. This is equivalent to seven (ionized) ammonium sulfate molecules, which is larger than the two to three sulfate ions observed in the crystal solvent space by X-ray diffraction. PMID- 3172202 TI - Aromatic rings act as hydrogen bond acceptors. AB - Simple energy calculations show that there is a significant interaction between a hydrogen bond donor (like the greater than NH group) and the centre of a benzene ring, which acts as a hydrogen bond acceptor. This interaction, which is about half as strong as a normal hydrogen bond, contributes approximately 3 kcal/mol (1 cal = 4.184 J) of stabilizing enthalpy and is expected to play a significant role in molecular associations. It is of interest that the aromatic hydrogen bond arises from small partial charges centred on the ring carbon and hydrogen atoms: there is no need to consider delocalized electrons. Although some energy calculations have included such partial charges, their role in forming such a strong interaction was not appreciated until after aromatic hydrogen bonds had been observed in protein-drug complexes. PMID- 3172203 TI - Allosteric energy at the hemoglobin beta chain C terminus studied by hydrogen exchange. AB - When hemoglobin switches from the deoxy (T) to the liganded (R) form, several of its peptide group NH experience a great increase in their rate of exchange with water. Selective labeling and fragment isolation experiments identify some of the sensitive protons as three to four near-neighbor H-bonded peptide NH placed between Ala140 beta and the C-terminal His146 beta residue. These NH have differing solvent accessibilities, yet all exchange at about the same rate, and they maintain a common rate in the face of modifications that change their exchange rate over a 1000-fold range. This suggests that their exchange is mediated by a concerted transient unfolding reaction. The removal of allosterically important salt links at the distant alpha subunit N termini (des Arg141 alpha hemoglobin) has little if any effect on the indicator NH at the beta C terminus. This demonstrates the restricted reach of the separate allosteric interactions in the T form as well as the localized nature of the H-exchange probe. Breakage of a salt link at the beta chain C terminus (His146 beta to Asp94 beta) by chemical modification (NES-Cys93 beta hemoglobin) speeds exchange of the indicator peptide NH in T-state hemoglobin by six-fold, which corresponds to an allosteric destabilization at the C-terminal segment of 1 kcal (pH 7.4, 0 degrees C), according to local unfolding theory. This is in quantitative agreement with energy values obtainable from other measurements. These NH exchange with an average halftime of five hours in deoxy hemoglobin and 15 seconds in oxy hemoglobin. According to the unfolding model for protein H-exchange, the 1200 fold increase in rate indicates a loss of 3.8 kcal in structural stabilization free energy at or near the C terminus of each beta chain in the T to R transition (pH 7.4, 0 degrees C, with 2,3-diphosphoglycerate). This result together with other available data places about 70% of hemoglobin's total allosterically significant structural energy change at the beta chain C termini. PMID- 3172205 TI - Chloroacetaldehyde reacts with Z-DNA. AB - We show that chloroacetaldehyde, a chemical compound known to be reactive with unpaired adenine and cytosine residues, reacts with adenine residues (syn conformation) but not with cytosine residues (anti conformation) within Z-DNA. These modified residues are sensitive to cleavage by piperidine, which allows mapping at the single nucleotide level. PMID- 3172206 TI - Structure of the ends of the coliphage N4 genome. AB - The coliphage N4 genome, a linear and double-stranded DNA of approximately 72,000 bases in length, has unique (non-permuted) direct terminal repeats of 390 to 440 base-pairs in length with 3' extensions. The very terminal sequences were determined by the Maxam-Gilbert method after 5' or 3' labeling, while sequences of internal fragments were determined by the dideoxy chain terminator method after cloning them onto M13 phage DNA. The left end of the N4 genome is relatively precise at its 5' terminus, while microheterogeneity of length exists at the 3'-terminal extensions. The predominant species had a 5 or 6 base 3' protruding sequence, 3' CATAA or 3' CATAAA. On the other hand, the right end is variable; there are at least six discrete ends differing from each other by approximately ten base-pairs and giving rise to the variability of the length of the terminal repeats. Each of the six discrete ends has a microheterogeneity of length, especially at the 3' termini. These properties of the terminal redundancy are discussed in conjunction with the mechanism whereby N4 DNA is replicated and processed. PMID- 3172207 TI - Clone size distributions of mutations induced by ethyl methanesulfonate in bacteriophage T4. AB - Size distributions of mutant clones can reveal important aspects of the mutation process. Previously published data on mutant clones induced by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) in bacteriophage T4 generated a distribution that was essentially flat, implying a mutagenic mechanism involving only rare mispairing by reacted bases. Here, methods for estimating the spontaneous component of such a distribution are used to generate a corrected distribution. The corrected distribution is strongly peaked, implying frequent (but not obligatory) mispairing. Frequent mispairing is in accord with current views of the fates of DNA lesions believed to mediate EMS-induced mutagenesis. PMID- 3172204 TI - Salt, phosphate and the Bohr effect at the hemoglobin beta chain C terminus studied by hydrogen exchange. AB - Hydrogen exchange experiments using functional labeling and fragment separation methods were performed to study interactions at the C terminus of the hemoglobin beta subunit that contribute to the phosphate effect and the Bohr effect. The results show that the H-exchange behavior of several peptide NH at the beta chain C terminus is determined by a transient, concerted unfolding reaction involving five or more residues, from the C-terminal His146 beta through at least Ala142 beta, and that H-exchange rate can be used to measure the stabilization free energy of interactions, both individually and collectively, at this locus. In deoxy hemoglobin at pH 7.4 and 0 degrees C, the removal of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) or pyrophosphate (loss of a salt to His143 beta) speeds the exchange of the beta chain C-terminal peptide NH protons by 2.5-fold (at high salt), indicating a destabilization of the C-terminal segment by 0.5 kcal of free energy. Loss of the His146 beta 1 to Asp94 beta 1 salt link speeds all these protons by 6.3-fold, indicating a bond stabilization free energy of 1.0 kcal. When both these salt links are removed together, the effect is found to be strictly additive; all the protons exchange faster by 16-fold indicating a loss of 1.5 kcal in stabilization free energy. Added salt is slightly destabilizing when DPG is present but provides some increased stability, in the 0.2 kcal range, when DPG is absent. The total allosteric stabilization energy at each beta chain C terminus in deoxy hemoglobin under these conditions is measured to be 3.8 kcal (pH 7.4, 0 degrees C, with DPG). In oxy hemoglobin at pH 7.4 and 0 degrees C, stability at the beta chain C terminus is essentially independent of salt concentration, and the NES modification, which in deoxy hemoglobin blocks the His146 beta to Asp94 beta salt link, has no destabilizing effect, either at high or low salt. These results appear to show that the His146 beta salt link, which participates importantly in the alkaline Bohr effect, does not reform to Asp94 beta or to any other salt link acceptor in a stable way in oxy hemoglobin at low or high salt conditions. PMID- 3172208 TI - Thermodynamic study of the apomyoglobin structure. AB - Sperm whale apomyoglobin has been studied thermodynamically in solutions with different pH and temperature by scanning microcalorimetry, viscosimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism spectrometry, and by electrometric and calorimetric titration. It has been shown that apomyoglobin in solutions with pH close to neutral has a compact and unique spatial structure with an extended hydrophobic core. This structure is maximally stable at about 30 degrees C and breaks down reversibly both upon heating or cooling from this temperature. The process of breakdown of this structure is highly co-operative and can be regarded as a transition between two macroscopic states of protein, the native and denatured states. In contrast to the native state, which is specified by definite values of compactness and ellipticity, the compactness and ellipticity of the denatured state of apomyoglobin depend strongly on pH; with a decrease of pH below 4.0, these parameters gradually approach the values of the random coil. PMID- 3172209 TI - Structure and expression of an actin gene of Physarum polycephalum. AB - Physarum polycephalum (strain M3CVIII) contains four unlinked actin gene loci, each with two alleles (ardA1, ardA2, ardB1, ardB2, ardC1, ardC2, ardD1 and ardD2). The 4800 base HindIII fragment of the ardC2 allele was previously isolated as a recombinant phage lambda. We now report the structure of the actin gene sequences (C-actin gene). The gene, which contains four intervening sequences, codes for the principal actin isotype of plasmodia and it is expressed in both the haploid myxamoebal and diploid plasmodial phases of the life cycle. The C-actin isotype is closely related to actins of Dictyostelium, Acanthamoebae, Drosophila, sea urchin and mammalian cytoplasmic actin, and more distantly related to actins of yeast, Entamoebae and Tetrahymena. The ardC1 and ardC2 alleles differ by a 700(+/- 100) base-pair insertion/deletion in the vicinity of the 3' end of the transcribed region of the gene. PMID- 3172210 TI - A pentameric form of human serum amyloid P component. Crystallization, X-ray diffraction and neutron scattering studies. AB - Human serum amyloid P component crystallizes from sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5) in the presence of calcium and polyethylene glycol 6000, at 4 degrees C. The space group is P2(1) and the cell parameters are a = 69.0 A (1 A = 0.1 nm), b = 99.3 A, c = 96.8 A, beta = 96.1. Density considerations supported by neutron scattering and gel filtration experiments indicate that the species crystallized is pentameric. The orientation of the pentamer 5-fold axis is determined and a crystal packing for the discs is proposed. PMID- 3172211 TI - Cryo-electron microscopy of insect flight muscle thick filaments. An approach to dynamic electron microscope studies. AB - Suspensions of isolated insect flight muscle thick filaments were embedded in layers of vitreous ice and visualized in the electron microscope under liquid nitrogen conditions. The unfixed, unstained, unsupported and fully hydrated filaments were observed under various biochemical conditions. We demonstrate here the first successful application of this method to thick filaments, and show that this is a possible approach to following dynamic processes by rapid freezing and electron microscopy. PMID- 3172212 TI - Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies on the amino-terminal (receptor-binding) domain of human apolipoprotein E3 from serum very low density lipoproteins. AB - Human apolipoprotein E is a component of several classes of circulating plasma lipoproteins. In addition to binding lipids, this apolipoprotein, which is composed of two structural domains, mediates some lipoprotein-receptor interactions by binding to the low density lipoprotein receptor. The receptor binding function, as well as some lipid-binding capability, is contained in the amino-terminal structural domain of apolipoprotein E. Thrombin-catalyzed hydrolysis of apolipoprotein E yields a fragment (residues 1 to 191) that has the same properties as, and seems to be a good model for, the amino-terminal domain. Crystals of this amino-terminal fragment suitable for high-resolution X-ray diffraction experiments have now been grown. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) and have unit cell dimensions of a = 86.0 A, b = 40.9 A, and c = 53.3 A (1 A = 0.1 nm). This is the first human serum apolipoprotein to be crystallized. PMID- 3172213 TI - Influence of DNA sequence and supercoiling on the process of cruciform formation. AB - We have studied some of the effects of DNA sequence and negative superhelicity on the rate of cruciform formation. Replacing the sequence AATT at the center of a perfect 68 base-pair palindromic sequence with the sequence CCCGGG decreases the rate of cruciform formation by a factor of at least 100. The logarithm of the rate constant of cruciform formation was found to increase linearly with linking difference. For the 68 base-pair perfect palindrome in a 4400 base-pair plasmid, each additional negative superhelical turn increased the rate of cruciform formation by a factor of 1.6. These results are consistent with a mechanism in which cruciform formation is initiated by the formation of a single-stranded bubble, 10 base-pairs in length, near the center of the palindromic sequence. In addition, we have examined the effect of introducing an asymmetric insertion into the palindromic sequence. PMID- 3172214 TI - A third striated muscle actin gene is expressed during early development in the amphibian Xenopus laevis. AB - During early embryonic development in the frog Xenopus laevis, several muscle specific actin genes encoding distinct actin protein isoforms are activated in cells of the embryonic muscle. In addition to the cardiac (or alpha 1) and skeletal (or alpha 2) actin genes, a third muscle-specific actin gene is expressed in the same embryonic tissue. We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of this third gene and examined its expression in embryonic and adult tissues. During embryogenesis, this femoral (alpha 3) actin gene is activated several hours later than its cardiac and skeletal counterparts and its transcripts are first detected after neurulation. The gene encodes a skeletal type actin protein and is expressed exclusively in skeletal muscle in the adult frog. Two copies of this gene have been isolated from the tetraploid species Xenopus laevis, differing by only a few nucleotides in their protein-coding sequence. The related, diploid species, Xenopus tropicalis, possesses a single copy of the alpha 3 gene and its transcript is similarly conserved in nucleotide sequence. However, the X. tropicalis gene is expressed exclusively in embryonic stages of development. Comparison of the X. laevis and X. tropicalis alpha 3 gene promoters reveals extensive sequence homology, including several copies of a repeated motif that is common to other vertebrate striated-muscle actin gene promoters. PMID- 3172215 TI - Nucleotide sequence and gene organization of sea urchin mitochondrial DNA. AB - The 15,650 base-pair mitochondrial genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus has been cloned and sequenced. It exhibits a novel organization that suggests the primacy of post-transcriptional gene regulation. The same 13 polypeptides, two rRNAs and 22 tRNAs are encoded as in other animal mitochondrial DNAs, but are organized with extreme economy; non-coding information between genes is almost completely absent, some stop codons are generated post transcriptionally and tRNA sequences are interspersed between only a minority of other structural genes. The genome uses a variant genetic code, in which AAA specifies asparagine, ATA isoleucine, TGA tryptophan and AGN serine, and has an unusual pattern of codon bias. The order of genes shows several differences from that of vertebrates. The genes for the large (16 S) ribosomal RNA and for NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L (ND4L) are in different positions, located respectively between those encoding ND2 and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and between COI and COII. This organization is conserved amongst at least four regular echinoids diverging by some 225 million years. Most tRNA genes are also in different positions. The only long unassigned sequence in the genome (121 base-pairs) is located within a cluster of 15 tRNA genes. It contains elements resembling some of those found in the displacement (D) loop of vertebrate mtDNAs, notably polypurine/polypyrimidine tracts that may play a role in regulating transcription and the initiation of replication. The separation of the ribosomal RNA genes from each other and from the putative control region imposes special demands on the transcription of the genome. PMID- 3172216 TI - Structure of extrachromosomal circular DNAs excised from T-cell antigen receptor alpha and delta-chain loci. AB - Small polydisperse circular (spc) DNA was isolated from mouse thymocytes, fragmented by HindIII digestion and cloned into the vector. Sixty DNA clones were randomly selected from the 10,400 phage library. The average size of insert was one-fifth of the original circular molecule. Twenty spc-DNA clones were homologous to DNA probes derived from T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) alpha-chain loci. We have characterized nine clones by DNA sequencing; they contain new germline sequences of the TCR alpha-chain variable (V alpha) and joining (J alpha) gene segments and the products out of the recombination of a V alpha with a J alpha gene segment. An additional four spc-DNA clones carried a new rearranging gene of the TCR delta-chain that is located between V alpha and J alpha genes. At least nine of 60 DNA clones carried the recombination junction of a heptamer-heptamer head-to-head structure expected from an excised product of V J joining. This shows that most extrachromosomal circular DNAs in the thymus are formed by a sequence-dependent recombination mechanism. We suggest that a functional T-cell receptor V alpha gene can be constructed by somatic random rearrangements through successive looping-out, excision and deletion. PMID- 3172217 TI - Deletion formation in bacteriophage T4. AB - We have manipulated the dispensable region of the rIIB gene of bacteriophage T4 in order to study the generation of deletions involving direct repeats. We show that recombination between different parental chromosomes is one source of the deletions we have studied. We have also investigated the effects of structure, base composition and distance on deletion formation. We demonstrate that the potential to form structure in single-stranded DNA has variable effects on the frequency of deletion formation and conclude that, in some cases, slipped mispairing during DNA synthesis can make a substantial contribution to deletion frequencies. The G + C richness of the direct repeats involved in deletion formation is an important parameter of the frequency of deletion formation. We have confirmed that increasing the distance between direct repeats decreases deletion frequency. PMID- 3172218 TI - Structure of the peripheral domains of neurofilaments revealed by low angle rotary shadowing. AB - The structure of the peripheral domains of neurofilaments (NFs) was revealed by rotary shadowing electron microscopy. NFs were isolated from bovine spinal cords by Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration and examined by low angle rotary shadowing. The peripheral domains appeared as thin, flexible, filamentous structures projecting from the intermediate filament core, with a constant density along their entire length. The average length of the projections was approximately 85 nm and the width about 4 nm. These projections appeared from regularly distributed sites, at 22 nm spacing, which seemed to correspond to the typical repeat of the alpha helix-rich rod domain of the core filament. The density of the projections was found to be 4.1 (+/- 0.6) per 22 nm. We performed reconstitution experiments using purified NF polypeptides to confirm that the projection was indeed the NF peripheral domain. Individual components of the NF triplet, i.e. NF-L, NF-M and NF-H, were purified by DE-52 and Mono-Q anion exchange chromatographies in the presence of 6 M-urea and were assembled in various combinations into filaments. Reassembled filaments were somewhat more slender than the isolated NFs and exhibited a distinct 22 nm axial periodicity. While prominent projections were not observed in the filaments assembled from NF-L alone, reconstructed filaments containing NF-L plus either NF-M or NF-H revealed many projections. The average length of the projections in the filaments reconstructed from NF-L and NF-H was about 63 nm. The projections of reconstructed filaments from NF-L and NF-M were about 55 nm in length. The difference in the lengths of the projections might reflect the difference in the length of the carboxy-terminal tail domain between NF-M and NF-H. The results are interpreted to show that the carboxy-terminal tail domains of NFs project in a regular pattern from the core filament, which is consistent with a half-staggered organization of the tetrameric subunits. PMID- 3172219 TI - Hepatocyte-specific promoter element HP1 of the Xenopus albumin gene interacts with transcriptional factors of mammalian hepatocytes. AB - By transfecting various Xenopus albumin-CAT fusion genes into the mouse hepatoma cell line BW1J a 13 base-pair hepatocyte-specific promoter element (HP1) could be identified. A similar sequence element is also present in the promoter of the albumin and alpha-fetoprotein genes of other vertebrates. Introduction of single point mutations into HP1 destroys its function. Binding studies with nuclear proteins identify a factor interacting with HP1 which is specific for hepatic cells. In-vitro transcription in a rat liver nuclear extract demonstrates that HP1 leads to an increased transcriptional activity. This increased transcription is specifically inhibited by the addition of an HP1-containing oligonucleotide, establishing that the interaction of factors with HP1 is essential for increased transcription. Since HP1 derived from a Xenopus gene functions in mammalian hepatocytes, we conclude that a regulatory system involved in liver-specific gene expression has been conserved during evolution. PMID- 3172220 TI - Static disorder and librational motions of the purine bases in films of oriented Li-DNA. AB - Solid-state 2H nuclear magnetic resonance line shapes have been obtained from folded films of oriented Li-DNA molecules with the purine bases selectively labeled with deuterium at the 8-position. From line shape simulations, the static base tilts as well as the anisotropic motional amplitudes were determined as a function of hydration level and temperature. It was found that the average tilt angle of the bases is close to 0 degrees and at a hydration of ten water molecules per nucleotide the distribution width of tilt angles about this average cannot be larger than 9 degrees (standard deviation). A slightly increased distribution width is observed at low hydration levels. The motional amplitudes are hydration dependent, with the tilting motion ranging from 4 degrees for the driest, up to 15 degrees for the wettest sample, and slightly larger amplitudes are observed for the twisting motion. The amplitude of the twisting motion is unaffected by a temperature decrease down to -60 degrees C, in contrast to the tilting motion that is suppressed at low temperatures. PMID- 3172221 TI - Crystal structure determination and refinement of pike 4.10 parvalbumin (minor component from Esox lucius). AB - The crystal and molecular structure of the minor component of pike parvalbumins has been determined at 1.93 A resolution by molecular replacement (1 A = 0.1 nm). The crystals are orthorhombic, space group P2(1)2(1)2 with a = 59.62 A, b = 59.83 A and c = 26.35 A. A location of the secondary cation binding site is proposed for this parvalbumin of the beta phylogenetic series. PMID- 3172222 TI - Structural organization of the mouse cytosolic malate dehydrogenase gene: comparison with that of the mouse mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase gene. AB - We cloned and characterized a mouse cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (cMDHase) (EC 1.1.1.37) gene, which is about 14 x 10(3) base-pairs long and is interrupted by eight introns. The 5' and 3' flanking regions and the exact sizes and boundaries of the exon blocks, including the transcription-initiation sites, were determined. The 5' end of the gene lacks the TATA and CAAT boxes characteristic of eukaryotic promoters, but contains G + C-rich sequences, one putative binding site for a cellular transcription factor, Sp1, and at least two major transcription-initiation sites. The sequences around the transcription-initiation sites are compatible with the formation of a number of potentially stable stem loop structures. We compared structural organization of the mouse cMDHase gene with that of the previously characterized mouse mitochondrial MDHase (mMDHase) gene, and found that the conservation of intron positions spreads across much of the two genes. This result suggests that a common ancestral gene for the cytosolic MDHase and the mitochondrial MDHase was broken up by introns, before the divergence. We also compared the nucleotide sequence of the promoter region of the mouse cytosolic MDHase gene with that of the other three mouse genes coding for isoenzymes participating in the malate-aspartate shuttle, i.e. mitochondrial MDHase, cytosolic and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferases (cAspATase and mAspATase). We found that highly conserved regions are present in the promoter region of the cAspATase gene. PMID- 3172223 TI - Spec2 genes of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Structure and differential expression in embryonic aboral ectoderm cells. AB - Members of the Spec gene family are expressed during embryonic development of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. The family encodes proteins related to the calmodulin/troponin C/myosin light chain group of calcium binding proteins and one gene, Spec1, has been studied extensively in our laboratory. In this paper, we analyze other members of the family, collectively termed Spec2 genes. We make use of several hybridization probes derived from Spec1 and Spec2 cDNA clones, which recognize different members of the family. Genomic DNA gel blot and slot blot analyses show that there are approximately eight Spec genes in the S. purpuratus genome. The structures of three Spec2 genes, Spec2a, Spec2c and Spec2d, are described. A 60 kb (kb = 10(3) bases or base-pairs) region of the genome contains the linked Spec1-Spec2c genes and two separate 20 kb regions contain the Spec2a and Spec2d genes. Six members of a repetitive sequence family are dispersed at various locations among the genes. The transcriptional initiation sites of the three Spec2 genes are mapped, and 400 to 500 base-pairs of 5'-flanking DNA sequenced. All three Spec2 genes initiate transcription approximately 120 base-pairs upstream from the 3' end of the first exon. In contrast, the 5' end of the Spec1 transcript begins about 107 base-pairs farther upstream, so it contains 5' untranslated sequences that correspond to non transcribed 5'-flanking sequences of the Spec2 genes. There is little similarity among the sequences upstream from the CAP site of the Spec2 genes except the TATA consensus sequence and a repeating trinucleotide, AAC. Measurements of Spec mRNA levels during embryogenesis show that Spec1 mRNA begins to accumulate at the early blastula stage and is the most abundant; Spec2a/Spec2c mRNAs begin accumulating several hours later at the late blastula-early gastrula stage and reach about 40 to 60% the levels of Spec1; and Spec2d mRNAs accumulate mostly during the gastrula and pluteus stages with levels reaching only 2% those of Spec1. In situ hybridization with probes that recognize either all Spec2 mRNAs or only Spec2d mRNAs show that, like Spec1, these mRNAs are restricted to aboral ectoderm cells and their precursors. The Spec gene family represents a group of related genes whose mRNAs all accumulate in the same cell type but at different times and to different levels during embryogenesis. PMID- 3172224 TI - Genetic organization and nucleotide sequence of the stability locus of IncFII plasmid NR1. AB - The stability (stb) locus of IncFII plasmid NR1 was mapped to a 1700 base-pair NaeI-TaqI restriction fragment. A series of unstable plasmids that contained insertion, deletion, and point mutations that inactivated the stability function was isolated. The unstable point mutants examined were all stabilized (complemented) in trans by a copy of the wild-type stb locus, suggesting that the mutations had inactivated diffusible gene products. The nucleotide sequence of the stb locus contained two tandem open reading frames, designated stbA and stbB, that encoded essential trans-acting protein products with predicted sizes of 36,000 Mr and 13,000 Mr, respectively. A third open reading frame, stbC, that could encode a peptide of 8000 Mr was contained within stbB in the complementary DNA strand. Plasmid-encoded proteins of 36,000 Mr and 13,000 Mr were identified in minicell experiments as the products of stbA and stbB, respectively. Unstable deletion mutants that retained the promoter proximal region of the stb locus upstream from stbA but had deleted both stbA and stbB were stabilized in trans by plasmids that could supply StbA and StbB. In contrast, deletion mutants that had lost the stbAB promoter region were not complemented in trans, indicating that this region contained an essential cis-acting site (or sites). Unlike some other loci that mediate stable plasmid inheritance, cloned copies of the wild-type stb locus of NR1 did not exert strong incompatibility (i.e. trans destabilization) against other stb+ derivatives of plasmid NR1 present in the same cell. PMID- 3172225 TI - Organization of the early region of bacteriophage phi 80. Genes and proteins. AB - An EcoRI segment containing the early region of bacteriophage phi 80 DNA that controls immunity and lytic growth was identified as a segment whose presence on a plasmid prevented growth of infecting phi 80cI phage. The nucleotide sequence of the segment (EcoRI-F) and adjacent regions was determined. Based on the positions of amber mutations and the sizes of some gene products, the reading frames for five genes were identified. From the relative locations of these genes in the genome, the properties of some isolated gene products, and the analysis of the structures of predicted proteins, the following phi 80 to lambda analogies are deduced: genes cI and cII to their lambda namesakes; gene 30 to cro; gene 15 to O; and gene 14 to P. An amber mutation by which gene 16 was defined is a nonsense mutation in the frame for gene 15 protein, excluding the presence of gene 16. An amber mutation in gene 14 or 15 inhibits phage DNA synthesis, as is the case with their lambda analogues, gene O or P. Some characteristics of proteins from the early region predicted from their primary structures and their possible functions are discussed. PMID- 3172226 TI - Transcriptional regulation of early functions of bacteriophage phi 80. AB - To study the expression of early functions of phi 80 phage, various segments from the early region were transcribed with RNA polymerase. Two major transcripts (from promoters PL and PR) whose synthesis was inhibited by the CI protein were identified. Synthesis of the third major transcript (from promoter PRM) was induced by the CI protein. These studies define two operator-promoter regions, OLPL and ORPRPRM. This mode of transcription from the early region is similar to that of phage lambda. However, there are the following major differences. One is the presence of a p-independent terminator of transcription from promoter PL located immediately after gene N and the absence of a p-dependent terminator that corresponds to tR1 of lambda. The other is the uniqueness of the structure and function of the operators. Both OL and OR operator regions consist of three sites, each containing a highly homologous 19 base-pair sequence. In each site, consensus octanucleotide sequences (half-sites) exhibit dyad symmetry, except in one of the sites where the sequences are arranged tandemly. In addition, each operator region also contains a single half-site. The modes of binding of the CI protein and gene 30 protein to these operator sites are quite different from those of the lambda proteins to the lambda operators. For example, binding of the phi 80 CI protein to the OR1 site is less tight than its binding to the OR2 or OR3 site. The gene 30 protein binds to the OR1 site as tightly as to the OR3 site. PMID- 3172227 TI - Cleavage of bacteriophage phi 80 CI repressor by RecA protein. AB - We have purified the CI repressor protein of bacteriophage phi 80. Its N-terminal amino acid sequence and its amino acid composition agree with those predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the cI gene. The phi 80 CI repressor was cleaved at a Cys-Gly bond by the wildtype RecA protein in the presence of single-stranded DNA and ATP or its analogues. This cleavage site is different from other repressors such as LexA, lambda CI and P22 C2, which were cleaved at an Ala-Gly bond. The phi 80 CI repressor was cleaved at the same site by the RecA430 protein, but was not cleaved by the RecA1 protein. This effect of the bacterial recA mutations on cleavage is consistent with the fact that prophage phi 80 in recA430 cells can be induced by irradiation with ultraviolet light, while the prophage in recA1 cells cannot. PMID- 3172228 TI - Images of purple membrane at 2.8 A resolution obtained by cryo-electron microscopy. AB - Improvements in technique have produced electron micrographs of purple membrane that provide, after computer analysis, reproducibly measurable diffraction peaks extending to 2.8 A (1 A = 0.1 nm). The improvements include better specimen preparation, a more stable cryo-electron microscope with better alignment and the addition of an image-processing step, which gives weights to local areas of the image according to the local strength of the periodic component of the image. These improvements have enabled the calculation of a directly phased projection map at 2.8 A resolution. PMID- 3172229 TI - Complete assignment of the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of French bean plastocyanin. Application of an integrated approach to spin system identification in proteins. AB - The identification of the spin systems that comprise the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of French bean Cu(I) plastocyanin (Mr 10,600) has been made using an approach that integrates a wide range of two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. A very large percentage of these assignments has been obtained in spectra acquired from 1H2O solution using a backbone amide-based strategy. The spin systems of 91 of the 99 residues have been assigned to the appropriate amino acid, thereby providing an ample basis for obtaining sequence specific assignments, as described in the accompanying paper. PMID- 3172230 TI - Complete assignment of the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of French bean plastocyanin. Sequential resonance assignments, secondary structure and global fold. AB - Sequence-specific proton nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) assignments for all 99 amino acid residues of French bean Cu(I) plastocyanin are described. The assignments were made using standard sequential assignment procedures and were greatly facilitated by the availability of complete spin system assignments. The characteristic short NOE connectivities between backbone protons, the values of 3JHN alpha, and the locations of slowly exchanging backbone amide protons, identify and define the elements of regular secondary structure. Eight well defined beta-strands, a small helical segment and eight tight turns can be identified unambiguously. On the basis of a very extensive set of inter-strand NOE connectivities, the beta-strands can be packed into two distinct beta-sheets. Over 80% of the residues in the protein can be assigned to some regular element of secondary structure. The n.m.r. data is sufficient to define the chain folding topology, which is that of a Greek key beta-barrel, and provides a qualitative description of the global fold. The overall structure of French bean plastocyanin in solution is very similar to that of poplar plastocyanin in crystals. Significant local differences are, however, observed, particularly in the loops connecting some of the beta-strands. PMID- 3172231 TI - Distributions of water around amino acid residues in proteins. AB - The atomic co-ordinates from 16 high-resolution (less than or equal to 1.7 A = 0.1 nm), non-homologous proteins have been used to study the distributions of water molecule sites around the 20 different amino acid residues. The proportion of residues whose main-chain atoms are in contact with water molecules was fairly constant (between 40% and 60%), irrespective of the nature of the side-chain. However, the proportion of residues whose side-chain atoms were in contact with water molecules showed a clear (inverse) correlation with the hydrophobicity of the residue, being as low as 14% for leucine and isoleucine but greater than 80% for asparagine and arginine. Despite the problems in determining accurate water molecule sites from X-ray diffraction data and the complexity of the protein surface, distinct non-random distributions of water molecules were found. These hydration patterns are consistent with the expected stereochemistry of the potential hydrogen-bonding sites on the polar side-chains. The water molecules around apolar side-chains lie predominantly at van der Waals' contact distances, but most of these have a primary, shorter contact with a neighbouring polar atom. Further analysis of these distributions, combined with energy minimization techniques, should lead to improved modelling of protein structures, including their primary shells of hydration. PMID- 3172232 TI - Chromatin core particle obtained by selective cleavage of histones H3 and H4 by clostripain. AB - A new chromatin core particle characterized by a half-proteolyzed octamer is obtained by controlled digestion of the native core particle by clostripain. The proteolyzed histones correspond to four polypeptide fragments which are tentatively assigned to H2A[4-129], H2B[1-125], H3[27-135] and H4[18-102] on the basis of electrophoretic evidence and the known specificity of clostripain for arginyl residues. Despite the loss of the N-terminal regions of histones H3 and H4, the partially proteolyzed core particle retains the structural conformation of the native one as shown by circular dichroism. As expected, this half proteolyzed core particle presents an intermediate accessibility to polycations, such as spermidine, in comparison with that observed with the native core particle and a fully proteolyzed core particle. The latter includes the polypeptide fragments H2A[12-129], H2B[21-125], H3[27-135] and H4[20-102]. PMID- 3172233 TI - Preliminary crystallographic study of pyrimidine dimer-specific excision-repair enzyme from bacteriophage T4. AB - Bacteriophage T4 endonuclease V, which is an excision-repair enzyme specific to pyrimidine dimers within DNA, has been crystallized from polyethylene glycol 4000 solution by a vapour diffusion technique. The unit cell is monoclinic, space group P2(1), with unit cell parameters: a = 41.4 A, b = 40.1 A, c = 37.5 A, beta = 90.01 degrees. The unit cell contains two 16,000 Mr molecules. The crystals diffract X-rays beyond 2.3 A resolution and are suitable for structural analysis at high resolution. PMID- 3172234 TI - Crystallization and preliminary X-ray studies of two isolectins from the seeds of Lathyrus ochrus. AB - Two isolectins from the seeds of Lathyrus ochrus, LOL I and LOL II, which specifically bind N-acetyllactosamine, have been crystallized using the hanging drop method and the interface diffusion method, respectively. In the case of LOL I, 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol, polyethylene-glycol 400 or ammonium sulphate have been used as precipitating agents. The best crystals of LOL I were grown at room temperature from a solution of 40% (v/v) methylpentane diol, 50 mM-Hepes at pH 7.5. LOL II crystals have been grown at room temperature from a solution of 32% (v/v) methylpentane diol, 50 mM-2-(N-morpholino)-ethanesulphonic acid at pH 5.5. X-ray examination of the LOL I and LOL II crystals shows that both are monoclinic, space group P2(1). Their cell dimensions are: LOL I, a = 56.4 A, b = 138.8 A, c = 62.9 A, beta = 91 degrees; and LOL II, a = 54.8 A, b = 71.4 A, c = 105.5 A, beta = 105 degrees. Density measurements of the crystals of LOL I indicate that there are two molecules per asymetric unit (Vm = 2.07 A3/dalton). LOL I crystals diffract strongly up to at least 1.8 resolution. Putative crystals of complexes of LOL I with various glycosides were obtained through co crystallization under the conditions used for the native protein. PMID- 3172236 TI - Two distinct mechanisms for deletion in mitochondrial DNA of Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutator strains. Slipped mispairing mediated by direct repeats and erroneous intron splicing. AB - Mutator strains of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe produce mitochondrial respiratory deficient mutants at a high rate, and roughly 20% of these mutants carry deletions in the range of 50 to 1500 base-pairs. To elucidate the mechanism of deletion we have sequenced ten deletion mutants in the mosaic gene encoding apocytochrome b (cob) and three in the split gene coding for the first subunit of cytochrome c oxidase (cox1). Of 13 deletions, ten are correlated with the presence of direct repeats, which could promote deletions by slipped mispairing during DNA replication. In some of these mutants, the termini are located in possible DNA secondary structures. In three independently isolated mutants with identical deletions in the cob gene, the 5' deletion endpoint coincides with the 3' splice point of the intron, whereas the 3' endpoint of the deletion exhibits pronounced homology with the 5' splice point of the intron. This result suggests that these deletions might be initiated by erroneous RNA splicing. PMID- 3172235 TI - Amino acid changes coded by bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase mutator mutants. Relating structure to function. AB - Previous studies on the selection of bacteriophage T4 mutator mutants have been extended and a method to regulate the mutator activity of DNA polymerase mutator strains has been developed. The nucleotide changes of 17 bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase mutations that confer a mutator phenotype and the nucleotide substitutions of several other T4 DNA polymerase mutations have been determined. The most striking observation is that the distribution of DNA polymerase mutator mutations is not random; almost all mutator mutations are located in the N terminal half of the DNA polymerase. It has been shown that the T4 DNA polymerase shares several regions of homology at the protein sequence level with DNA polymerases of herpes, adeno and pox viruses. From studies of bacteriophage T4 and herpes DNA polymerase mutants, and from analyses of similar protein sequences from several organisms, we conclude that DNA polymerase synthetic activities are located in the C-terminal half of the DNA polymerase and that exonucleolytic activity is located nearer the N terminus. PMID- 3172237 TI - Anaerobically regulated aldolase gene of maize. A chimaeric origin? AB - The sequence of the anaerobically induced fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase gene of maize is presented. Analysis of the upstream sequences of the aldolase gene reveals a six base-pair sequence (TGGTTT) with perfect homology to one of the sub regions of the anaerobic regulatory element (ARE) which is responsible for the anaerobic induction of the maize alcohol dehydrogenase 1 gene (Adh1). In the aldolase gene this sequence is located at position -70 relative to the start of transcription, in a small segment proven by functional analysis to be important for expression of the aldolase gene. Since this six base-pair sequence has been shown to be critical for anaerobic induction of the Adh1 mRNA, is in the functional promoter region of aldolase and is also present in a homologous position in Adh2 (another anaerobically-induced gene), we suggest this hexanucleotide is essential for anaerobic regulation of each of these genes. The maize aldolase gene is about 50% homologous at the amino acid level to the animal aldolase gene but has a completely different intron/exon structure. While the rat aldolase gene has nine introns the maize gene has a single large intron near the N terminus of the coding region. Because there is 55% homology downstream from the intron and very little homology upstream, we suggest that the maize gene has acquired a 5' region containing signals for anaerobic regulation and fortuitously adding a new N-terminal region to the protein. We must suppose that the plant gene has lost the remaining introns. PMID- 3172238 TI - Probability that the commitment of murine erythroleukemia cell differentiation is determined by the c-myc level. AB - During the commitment of mouse erythroleukemia cell differentiation, c-myc mRNA levels change dramatically. To examine the involvement of c-myc in the commitment of these cells, we have introduced the rat c-myc gene driven by inducible, heterologous (human metallothionein IIA) gene promoter into murine erythroleukemia cells and we have examined the ability of the transformed cells to undergo commitment to terminal differentiation. The induction of the exogenous c-myc gene expression inhibited the commitment of these cells. Time-dependent inhibition of the commitment was observed with the addition of zinc at an appropriate time after the induction with dimethyl sulfoxide. The result clearly indicated that late decline, not early decline, is required for the commitment. By examining the transformants expressing the exogenous c-myc mRNA at different levels, and the induction of the exogenous c-myc mRNA by varying the concentration of zinc, we demonstrated that the commitment may be determined by a stoichiometric amount of c-myc in the defined period. The data also suggest that the probability value for the commitment process occurring in a stochastic manner is well-correlated with the amount of c-myc mRNA. PMID- 3172239 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction of the flagellar filament of Caulobacter crescentus. A flagellin lacking the outer domain and its amino acid sequence lacking an internal segment. AB - We obtained a three-dimensional reconstruction of the flagellar filament of Caulobacter crescentus CB15 from electron micrographs of negatively stained preparations. The C. crescentus filament appears, both in negative stain and in the frozen-hydrated state, significantly smoother and narrower than other filaments. Its helical symmetry, and unit cell size, however, are similar to that of other filaments. Although the molecular weight of the C. crescentus flagellin is about half that of other plain flagellins, there is only one monomer per unit cell as indicated by diffraction studies and by linear mass density measurements with the scanning transmission electron microscope. Alignment of the primary amino acid sequences of Salmonella typhimurium (serotype i) and C. crescentus (29,000 Mr) flagellins shows that whereas there is homology at the amino and carboxyterminal ends of the two sequences, the central segment of the S. typhimurium sequence has no homology to that of C. crescentus. A correlated comparison between the three-dimensional reconstructions of the two filaments and primary amino acid sequences of the two flagellins suggests that: (1) the C. crescentus subunit is missing the outer molecular domain but is, otherwise, similar to that of S. typhimurium; (2) the outer molecular domain in S. typhimurium corresponds, therefore, to a central stretch of the primary amino acid sequence; and (3) the outer molecular domain, missing in C. crescentus, is not obligatory for flagellar motility. PMID- 3172240 TI - DNA curvature in native and modified EcoRI recognition sites and possible influence upon the endonuclease cleavage reaction. AB - The ligation of a decadeoxynucleotide containing the EcoRI recognition site forms a series of multimers which appear to be curved based on observed anomalous gel migration in polyacrylamide gels. The degree of DNA curvature present in the recognition sequence, based upon the observed migration anomaly, can be altered by modifications to the purine functional groups at the 2- and 6-positions. Deletion of the guanine 2-amino group, occurring in the minor groove of the B-DNA helix, is most effective in increasing the observed DNA curvature. Conversely, the displacement of an amino group from the major groove to the minor groove eliminates curvature. DNA curvature is also modulated by the exocyclic group at the purine 6-position with decreasing curvature observed when changing the amino group to a carbonyl or proton substituent. Differences in the kinetic parameters characterizing the cleavage reaction by the endonuclease for many of the modified sequences are the result of modifications of functional groups in the major groove, which are likely to contact the endonuclease during catalysis. However, with two examples, significant decreases in the observed specificity constant (kcat/Km), characterizing the protein-nucleic acid interaction, cannot be easily explained in terms of such functional group contacts. It is more likely in these cases that the functional group modifications affect the efficiency of the endonuclease-DNA interaction by modulation of the structure of the double stranded DNA helix. With both examples, modifications have been made to minor groove substituents. The extent of DNA curvature is increased significantly for one and decreased for the other, compared with that observed for the native recognition site. The results suggest that curvature of the DNA helix axis is an intrinsic property of the d(GAATTC) sequence which helps to optimize the protein nucleic acid interactions observed for the EcoRI restriction endonuclease. PMID- 3172241 TI - Predicting the secondary structure of globular proteins using neural network models. AB - We present a new method for predicting the secondary structure of globular proteins based on non-linear neural network models. Network models learn from existing protein structures how to predict the secondary structure of local sequences of amino acids. The average success rate of our method on a testing set of proteins non-homologous with the corresponding training set was 64.3% on three types of secondary structure (alpha-helix, beta-sheet, and coil), with correlation coefficients of C alpha = 0.41, C beta = 0.31 and Ccoil = 0.41. These quality indices are all higher than those of previous methods. The prediction accuracy for the first 25 residues of the N-terminal sequence was significantly better. We conclude from computational experiments on real and artificial structures that no method based solely on local information in the protein sequence is likely to produce significantly better results for non-homologous proteins. The performance of our method of homologous proteins is much better than for non-homologous proteins, but is not as good as simply assuming that homologous sequences have identical structures. PMID- 3172242 TI - Crystallization and preliminary analysis of the deoxyoligonucleotide d(CGTAGATCTACG). AB - Two crystal forms of the self-complementary DNA 12-mer d(CGTAGATCTACG) were grown by the vapour diffusion technique. Form I is in space group C2 with a = 64.8 A, b = 35.4 A, c = 24.4 A and beta = 92.2 (1 A = 0.1 nm). The crystals are grown as monoclinic blocks or hexagonal plates. There are two strands (one duplex) in the asymmetric unit. Form II crystallizes as monoclinic blocks, space group P21 with a = 64.5 A, b = 35.1 A, c = 25.2 A and beta = 91.8 degrees. This form contains four strands (2 duplexes) in the asymmetric unit. Both forms are suitable for high resolution X-ray analysis. The diffraction patterns suggest that the DNA is in a B-type conformation and that the packing in the two forms is very similar. PMID- 3172243 TI - Analysis of antiarrhythmic effect of ryanodine in guinea-pigs. AB - The effects of ryanodine on (1) ventricular arrhythmias in guinea-pigs in vivo, (2) delayed afterpotentials and aftercontractions and (3) spontaneous oscillations of the membrane potential (SOP) and of resting tension (SOT) of guinea-pig papillary muscle under ouabain intoxication have been studied. After addition of ouabain (1 microM), the afterpotentials, aftercontractions and the amplitude of SOP and SOT were significantly increased. The power spectra of SOT and SOP under these conditions had a resonance harmonic with a frequency of about 5 Hz. The afterpotentials, aftercontractions, SOP and SOT were abolished 3 to 5 min after ryanodine addition (0.1 to 0.5 microM), suggesting a close relationship between these oscillations and the oscillatory activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum. During in vivo experiments, ouabain-induced (75 to 115 micrograms/kg) ventricular arrhythmias were terminated 4 to 5 min after the intravenous injection of ryanodine (15 micrograms/kg) and within 8 to 10 min, the sinus rhythm was completely restored. We conclude that the antiarrhythmic effect of ryanodine is related to the inhibition of the diastolic fluctuations of the membrane potential. PMID- 3172244 TI - Synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides in rat myocardium: potential role of blood cytidine. AB - Plasma contains micromolar concentrations of pyrimidine bases and nucleosides: uracil 1.9 +/- 0.1 (n = 29), cytosine 1.1 +/- 0.01 (n = 29), uridine 1.2 +/- 0.1 (n = 56) and cytidine 5.4 +/- 0.1 (n = 59) (means +/- S.E.M.). Accordingly, we postulated that these compounds could be used as the main precursors for myocardial pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. The kinetics of the incorporation of blood plasma bases and nucleosides into myocardial nucleotides was studied by in vivo radio-isotopic studies in rats. The clearance of the radiolabelled compounds in blood plasma and the incorporation of radiolabelled precursors into liver nucleotides was also investigated. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) The pyrimidine radioactive bases were only very slightly incorporated into heart nucleotides 1 h after injection: thus 1 h after injection any incorporation of radiolabelled cytosine into nucleotides remained undetectable and for radioactive uracil the ratio of the specific radioactivity of uracil nucleotides to that of plasma uracil remained below 0.7%. (2) Radiolabelled plasma uridine was subject to a far more rapid catabolism than radiolabelled plasma cytidine. (3) The labelling of myocardial uracil nucleotides from plasma uridine was very slight. Their specific radioactivity represented less than 16% of plasma uridine specific radioactivity. (4) When the tracer was cytidine the specific radioactivity of cytosine nucleotides reached that of precursor within 30 min after injection and uracil nucleotides were also labeled (10% of cytidine nucleotides specific radioactivity). These results, and other previous data, suggest the possibility that the pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis in the rat heart may be largely achieved via the phosphorylation of blood plasma cytidine. PMID- 3172245 TI - Cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors in the developing rat heart. AB - Glucocorticoid hormones alter functional cardiac responses in the rat heart. In the neonatal rat heart, glucocorticoid treatment on post-natal day 2 alters heart function for up to 3 weeks post-injection, which suggests that cardiac glucocorticoid receptors mediate cardiac function in neonates. However, glucocorticoid receptors have not been identified in neonatal rat heart. Glucocorticoid receptor binding was measured in neonatal rat heart cytosol extract using [3H] dexamethasone as ligand, and characterized by competition assays and Scatchard analysis. Saturable, specific, high affinity glucocorticoid receptor binding was found in the cytosol of the neonatal rat heart. We then examined the effects of a single, post-natal day 2 injection of hydrocortisone acetate on glucocorticoid receptor binding in 12 to 14-day-old rat heart. While this injection paradigm results in altered cardiac function in 12-day-old rat hearts, cytosol glucocorticoid receptor binding in 12 to 14-day-old heart was not altered by treatment on post-natal day 2 with hydrocortisone acetate. It is postulated that exposure to elevated glucocorticoid levels on neonatal day 2 may alter cardiac function by producing permanent organizational effects on cardiac tissue. PMID- 3172246 TI - To reperfuse or not to reperfuse, which is the question? PMID- 3172247 TI - Different phosphorylation patterns of cardiac myosin light chains using ATP and ATP gamma S as substrates. AB - Controversial views have been reported regarding the role of myosin light chain phosphorylation in the regulation of cardiac contractility (for review see. In the past, adenosine 5'-(-thio)triphosphate) (ATP gamma S) instead of ATP has frequently been used to study mechanical and biochemical consequences of myosin P light chain (P-LC, LC-2) phosphorylation since thiophosphorylated sites are not significantly attacked by phosphatases. Unlike thiophosphorylation phosphorylation of myosin by myosin light chain kinase did neither decrease maximal (unloaded) shortening velocity of cardiac skinned fibres nor ATPase activity of cardiac myofibrils. We have accordingly investigated the phosphorylation pattern of purified cardiac myosin light chains using radioactive labeled ATP gamma S and ATP. We found that both the 28 kDa myosin light chain (LC 1) and the 18 kDa myosin light chain (LC-2, P-LC) were phosphorylated when ATP gamma S was present. In the presence of ATP, however, only LC-2 was found to be phosphorylated. PMID- 3172248 TI - Stabilization of left ventricular function with D-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate after coronary occlusion in the intact dog. AB - The D-(-) isomer or natural form of 3-hydroxybutyrate (D-(-)-3OHB) is a readily used energy substrate. Studies on anesthetized intact dogs in our laboratory have demonstrated that raising the arterial level of D-(-)-3OHB to 1 mM enhances the ketone uptake not only by the normal, but also by the acutely ischemic myocardium, though at a lower rate. Whether this moderate rise in arterial D-(-) 3OHB does modify the time course of left ventricular (LV) function during acute regional ischemia remains unsettled. In the present study, 13 anesthetized intact dogs with occluded left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery (balloon catheter) were infused with D-(-)-3OHB as the L-(+)-arginine salt at a rate of 20 mumol/kg/min i.v. for 90 min, starting 40 min after the LAD occlusion. Arterial D (-)-3OHB rose to 1.1 mM. Arterial pH was not modified. By comparison with the decline observed in 13 saline-treated ischemic dogs, the ketone treatment significantly stabilized the time course of LV peak positive dP/dt and output per minute. This effect was not attributable to the simultaneous infusion of arginine since it was not observed with equimolar infusions of this amino acid alone in eight additional ischemic dogs. PMID- 3172249 TI - Lipid peroxidation in normoxic and ischaemic-reperfused hearts of fish oil and lard fat fed pigs. AB - The in situ and in vitro rate of lipid peroxidation of hearts were determined in two groups of pigs which had been fed diets which differed only in fatty acid composition for 8 weeks. During the dietary period venous plasma levels of malondialdehyde and lipofuscin were not higher in pigs receiving the highly unsaturated fatty acid-containing mackerel oil than those receiving lard fat. Malondialdehyde was produced in the coronary system of the mackerel oil fed animals. After the heart was subjected to a sequence of short periods of ischaemia (5 min) and reperfusion (10 min), myocardial malondialdehyde production in the mackerel oil fed pigs did not increase. Contribution of prostaglandin synthesis products to myocardial malondialdehyde formation is probably of minor importance. Recovery of regional heart function after the ischaemic periods was similar for both dietary groups. In the phospholipids of sarcolemmal preparations isolated from the left ventricle of mackerel oil fed animals 18:2 n-6 and 20:4 n 6 were partially replaced by 20:5 n-3 and 22:6 n-3. Ischaemia-reperfusion did not alter sarcolemmal fatty acid composition and Ca2+ pumping ATPase activity. Sarcolemmal membrane from mackerel oil fed pigs exposed in vitro to a free radical generating system showed a higher malondialdehyde production than that from lard fat fed pigs. Thus, in spite of the increased susceptibility of heart membranes to free radical generated peroxidation in mackerel oil fed animals, recovery of left ventricular function was similar following multiple short-term periods of ischaemia. PMID- 3172250 TI - Contractile responses of isolated adult rat and rabbit cardiac myocytes to isoproterenol and calcium. AB - Myocytes were isolated by Langendorff perfusion of rat or rabbit hearts with low calcium solution followed by collagenase and hyaluronidase, or by incubation of chunks of rat ventricular tissue in similar media. Cells were then placed in a bath on a microscope stage, superfused and electrically stimulated. Contraction amplitude and rate of change of length during contraction were measured using a video camera and edge detection monitor. Cells were selected for study using a number of criteria developed to identify and define a cell population able to give consistent inotropic responses over a long period. The maximum contraction amplitude with isoproterenol in rabbit cells was 0.244 micron (sarcomere length change) or 13.1% (percentage change in cell length), and the EC50 was 12.8 nM. The maximum contraction amplitude with isoproterenol did not differ significantly between rat and rabbit, between cells prepared by perfusion and those made from chunks, or when determined from non-cumulative rather than cumulative curves. The EC50 for isoproterenol in rat cells made by the perfusion method (cumulative curves) was 3.81 nM, significantly lower than in rabbit. The maximum amplitude obtained with increasing concentrations of calcium was not significantly different from that with isoproterenol under any condition. The EC50 for calcium averaged 2.78 mM in rat cells made by the perfusion method (cumulative curves) and was significantly greater than that in rabbit (1.4 mM). Maximum rates of contraction for rat cells averaged 4.59 micron/s in 8 mM calcium. Rat cells contracted faster than they relaxed, whereas rabbit cells in 8 mM calcium relaxed faster than they contracted. Rat cells, maximally activated by either calcium or isoproterenol, contracted significantly faster than rabbit. There was no difference in rates of contraction (or relaxation) between rat cells prepared by perfusion and those made from chunks of tissue. PMID- 3172251 TI - Effect of triiodothyronine on cultured neonatal rat heart cells: beating rate, myosin subunits and CK-isozymes. AB - The effect of thyroid hormone on cell contractility, myosin subunit composition and creatine kinase activity was explored in cultured rat myocytes. Triiodothyronine (5 nM) was administered to neonatal rat heart myocytes grown in chemically defined medium. The hormone induced a 30% enhancement in the rate of cell beating and a complete transition from beta- to alpha-myosin heavy chain synthesis. Myosin light chains as well as creatine kinase activity and isozymic distribution were unaffected by the hormone. The arrest of spontaneous contraction by either membrane depolarization or Ca2+ channel blockage did not interfere with the shift towards alpha-myosin heavy chain predominance. We conclude that thyroid regulation of myosin subunits is confined to the molecule heavy subunits and occurs irrespective of cell contraction. Furthermore, the genomic expression of creatine kinase is not regulated by thyroid hormone. PMID- 3172252 TI - Psychosocial follow-up of penile prosthesis implant patients and partners. AB - One to four years after penile prosthesis surgery, detailed medical and psychosocial interviews were conducted separately with 52 patients and 22 of their partners. Patients tended to be negative or disappointed about postoperative pain, penis size, postoperative sexual frequency, and prosthesis malfunctions. Positive comments emphasized the psychological benefits of renewed masculine self-esteem, repair of humiliation, and reduction of marital guilt. Most patients said they would have the surgery again. Partners corroborated patients' assessments of psychological benefits, but tended to rate the mechanical benefits of the prosthesis somewhat lower. Methodological difficulties in measuring satisfaction with the prosthesis and suggestions for future follow up research are emphasized in the discussion. PMID- 3172254 TI - Variations in men's psychological sex role self-perception as a function of work, social and sexual life roles. AB - Research was conducted to determine whether or not sex role self-perception varied across life situations. Data including demographic information and situational and global sex role was collected from men employed at a large midwestern university. Findings indicate a significant variation in sex role self perception across work, social and sexual interactions. Regardless of whether the man generally perceives himself as masculine, feminine, or androgynous, his perceptions may change when confronted with culturally stereotypic rules and role demands. The results suggest, first, that caution be exercised in assuming that global sex role perceptions generalize to various role situations and, second, that discrepancies between the global sex role and the situational sex role could result in role strain. The latter could have clear impact upon the dyadic sexual situation. PMID- 3172253 TI - Client attributions for sexual dysfunction. AB - This investigation examined attributions for sexual dysfunctions made by 63 individuals and 21 of their partners who presented at a sex therapy service for the following problems: erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, and female orgasmic dysfunctions. All participants completed measures of marital adjustment, locus of control, depression and a questionnaire which assessed: attributions of responsibility for the sexual problem, perceived control over sexual functioning, distress, effort made to improve the sexual relationship, and expectations about the efficacy of sex therapy for the problem. Results indicate that both identified patients and their partners, regardless of the dysfunction, blamed the sexual problem on the "dysfunctional individual" rather than on the circumstances or the partner. With respect to the partners, husbands of women with orgasmic dysfunction were more likely to blame themselves than the circumstances, while the opposite was true for wives of males with erectile difficulties. Individuals experiencing the dysfunction perceived themselves and their partners as having little, but equal control over the identified patient's sexuality. Correlational analyses indicate that in identified patients, the better the quality of the marital relationship, the greater the self-blame and the lower the partner blame. Those with happy marriages also made greater efforts to improve their sexual relationship and had higher expectations of success with therapy. The implications of the results for research on the role of attributions in sexual dysfunction and for assessment of cognitive factors in sexually dysfunctional individuals and their partners is discussed. PMID- 3172255 TI - Thinking about cancer causality and chemoprevention. PMID- 3172256 TI - DNA cross-linking and cytotoxicity of the alkylating cyanomorpholino derivative of doxorubicin in multidrug-resistant cells. AB - The cyanomorpholino derivative of doxorubicin (MRA-CN) is an anthracycline that is extremely potent and non-cross-resistant with doxorubicin (DOX) in multidrug resistant cells. MRA-CN binds to and cross-links DNA and thus has been proposed to act as a targeted alkylating agent. In our study, the number of DNA interstrand and DNA-protein cross-links produced by MRA-CN was identical in multidrug-resistant Dx5 and parental MES-SA cells, as shown by alkaline elution analysis. The amount of cross-linking was directly proportional to drug concentration at concentrations from 10(-11) to 10(-7) M MRA-CN. Extensive DNA cross-linking was evident within 30 minutes of drug exposure. After 1 hour of drug exposure, the number of DNA cross-links increased for 90 minutes, reached a plateau, and then began to decrease after 120 minutes. Loss of cell viability was also observed as early as 3 hours after exposure to MRA-CN. The finding of the same number of DNA cross-links in MES-SA and Dx5 cells indicates that similar amounts of MRA-CN are likely to enter the nuclei of multidrug-resistant and sensitive cells. Other anthracyclines have major differences in nuclear distribution in sensitive and resistant cells. Several factors may contribute to the non-cross-resistance of MRA-CN in multidrug-resistant cells. (a) The lipophilicity of MRA-CN facilitates cell entry. (b) The substitution and loss of basicity at the amino nitrogen may reduce the affinity of the drug for the P glycoprotein efflux pump, compared with that of DOX. (c) The detoxification function of P-glycoprotein may be less effective for drugs that produce rapid and irreversible cell damage, such as the DNA-targeted alkylation caused by MRA-CN. PMID- 3172257 TI - Cigarette smoking and the risk of colorectal cancer in women. AB - Colorectal cancer incidence rates for smokers, nonsmokers living with smokers (i.e., passive smokers), and nonsmokers in smoke-free households were compared in a 12-year prospective study of 25,369 women who participated in a private census conducted in Washington County, MD, in 1963. Women who smoked had a decreased relative risk of colorectal cancer compared with the risk for nonsmokers (age adjusted relative risk, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-1.10). The risk for passive smokers was similar to that for smokers. The relative risks were significantly reduced for older women; relative risks were 0.42 for smokers and 0.66 for passive smokers over age 65. The data suggest that older women who smoke have a lower risk of colorectal cancer than nonsmokers. The effect may be mediated by an antiestrogenic effect of smoking. PMID- 3172258 TI - Improved procedure for determination of serum lipid-associated sialic acid: application for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. AB - We have developed a simple and reliable procedure for determining serum levels of lipid-associated sialic acid (LASA) in crude preparations. This method extracts essentially all gangliosides, excludes glycoprotein-bound sialic acid, and gives LASA values (0.5-1.0 mg/dL) in good agreement with values for isolated serum gangliosides. The procedure was used to determine serum levels of LASA in patients with colorectal cancer, in patients with nonmalignant diseases (pathological control subjects), and in normal control subjects. The results indicated that the percentages of total sialic acid (TSA) comprised by LASA (LASA/TSA X 100) were elevated in patients with the earliest stages of colorectal cancer, compared with percentages in normal control subjects (P less than .001) and pathological control subjects (P less than .01). PMID- 3172260 TI - NIH launches human genome effort. PMID- 3172259 TI - New technique boosts hopes for early lung cancer detection. PMID- 3172261 TI - Drawing medical students into research: Hughes program expands. PMID- 3172262 TI - Breast-feeding linked to decreased cancer risk for mother, child. PMID- 3172263 TI - First human gene transfer trial. PMID- 3172264 TI - International activities of the National Cancer Institute. PMID- 3172265 TI - Cancer incidence after radiotherapy for skin hemangioma: a retrospective cohort study in Sweden. AB - The cancer incidence was studied in 18,030 patients (33% males, 67% females) with skin hemangioma who were admitted to Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, 1920-1959. Radium-226 sources were used in 12,821 patients, x ray therapy was used in 2,515 patients, and no radiotherapy was given to 2,694 patients. Cancer incidence in the cohort was searched by record linkage with the Swedish Cancer Register for the period 1958-1982. The median age was 6 months for the treated patients and 8 months for the patients not receiving radiotherapy. In the group treated with radium-226 or orthovoltage x rays (greater than or equal to 100-kV peak), 224 cancers were observed [relative risk (RR) = 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-1.35]. In patients given contact x rays, 10 cancers were observed (RR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.34-1.30). In patients not treated with ionizing radiation, 34 cancers were observed (RR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.64 1.29). In patients treated with radium-226 or orthovoltage x rays, an RR of 1.65 was observed for breast cancer (95% CI = 1.26-2.13) and an RR of 2.73 was found for soft tissue tumors (95% CI = 1.18-5.38). Patients with brain tumors, thyroid cancers, and bone tumors had received radiotherapy close to the tumor site more often than expected. For patients with breast cancer, no such difference was found. For cancers of the breast and thyroid, the RR was higher in patients given more than one treatment. PMID- 3172266 TI - Fifty-year trend in incidence rates of bronchogenic carcinoma by cell type in Olmsted County, Minnesota. AB - An earlier report suggested that incidence rates of primary bronchogenic carcinoma had leveled off for men in Olmsted County, MN. Extension of that study to cover 50 years in this midwestern community now shows that lung cancer incidence continues to increase in both sexes, with rates in women approaching those found in men 20 years ago. This increase was seen for all cell types of bronchogenic carcinoma. Because one pathologist reevaluated tissues, changing histologic classifications were not responsible for secular trends; nor were the results influenced by referral bias inasmuch as the study was population based. PMID- 3172268 TI - Chemotherapy with dexamethasone, high-dose cytarabine, and cisplatin for parenchymal brain lymphoma. AB - Ten patients with parenchymal CNS lymphoma received combination chemotherapy with dexamethasone, high-dose cytarabine, and cisplatin (DHAP), and additional therapy according to clinical circumstances. Two of four patients with primary CNS lymphoma achieved and remain in complete remission (CR). Four of six patients with CNS lymphoma at relapse also achieved CR. DHAP is active against CNS lymphoma. Further trials with DHAP, particularly in conjunction with other treatment modalities, are warranted. PMID- 3172269 TI - Individuality in solid tumor animal models. PMID- 3172267 TI - Interim report of phase II study of new nitrosourea S 10036 in disseminated malignant melanoma. AB - Thirty-three patients with disseminated malignant melanoma were entered in a phase II study of the new nitrosourea S 10036 using a 100-mg/m2 weekly induction schedule for 3-4 consecutive weeks. Patients who responded to this treatment were followed with a maintenance therapy every 3 weeks. Toxic effects were mainly hematological and consisted of delayed thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Among 30 patients who could be evaluated, eight partial responses were observed (response rate, 26.67%); among seven patients with cerebral metastasis, two partial responses were observed. This multicentric study is currently being continued to confirm this interim report. PMID- 3172270 TI - Influence of cigarette smoking on the toxicokinetics of toluene in humans. AB - To study the influence of cigarette smoking on the toxicokinetics of toluene, 10 habitual smokers who intended to stop smoking were exposed to toluene vapor (3.2 mmol/m3, 4 h) at three different exposure occasions: (I) while the smoking habit was still ongoing, and (II and III) 1 and 3-4 wk, respectively, after the day at which the smoking habit was discontinued. Solvent concentrations in the exhaled air and in the blood as well as hippuric acid concentrations in the urine were measured during the exposure period and for 3 h after the exposure period. The apparent clearance of toluene decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) 3-4 wk after the smoking habit was discontinued. This decrease was not a consequence of the increased body weight noticed in the subjects. No statistically significant differences between the three exposure occasions in the elimination rate of hippuric acid could be demonstrated. Thus, cigarette smoking seems to enhance the elimination rate of toluene from the body, since the apparent clearance was decreased after smoking was stopped. PMID- 3172271 TI - Effects of exercise exposure on toxic interactions between inhaled oxidant and aldehyde air pollutants. AB - Respiratory tract injury resulting from inhalation of mixtures of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and of O3 and formaldehyde (HCHO) was studied in Sprague Dawley rats under exposure conditions of rest and exercise. Focal inflammatory injury induced in lung parenchyma by O3 exposure was measured morphometrically and HCHO injury to the nasal respiratory epithelium was measured by cell turnover using tritium-labeled thymidine. Mixtures of O3 (0.35 or 0.6 ppm) with NO2 (respectively 0.6 or 2.5 ppm) doubled the level of lung injury produced by O3 alone in resting exposures to the higher concentrations and in exercising exposures to the lower concentrations. Formaldehyde (10 ppm) mixed with O3 (0.6 ppm) resulted in reduced lung injury compared to O3 alone in resting exposures, but exercise exposure to the mixture did not show an antagonistic interaction. Nasal epithelial injury from HCHO exposure was enhanced when O3 was present in a mixture. Mixtures of O3 and NO2 at high and low concentrations formed respectively 0.73 and 0.02 ppm nitric acid (HNO3) vapor. Chemical interactions among the oxidants, HNO3, and other reaction products (N2O5 and nitrate radical) and lung tissue may be the basis for the O3-NO2 synergism. Increased dose and dose rate associated with exercise exposure may explain the presence of synergistic interaction at lower concentrations than observed in resting exposure. No oxidation products were detected in O3-HCHO mixtures, and the antagonistic interaction observed in lung tissue during resting exposure may result from irritant breathing pattern interactions. PMID- 3172274 TI - Effects of lead on growth in young herring gulls (Larus argentatus). AB - One-day-old herring gulls (Larus argentatus) were injected intraperitoneally with lead nitrate solution (0.1 or 0.2 mg Pb/g) or sterile saline to examine differences in growth rates. Despite the low levels of lead exposure, by d 8 there were significant differences in growth rates as a function of treatment. There were also, by d 8, significant differences in bill length, tarsus length, and wing bone length. Except for bill length, these differences persisted for the duration of the study. Developmental curves varied, with lead-treated birds reaching the same asymptote as control birds for bill length, but having a lower asymptote for tarsus length. For curves where asymptotes were reached, lead treated birds required more days to reach it than control birds. The initial amount of food eaten each day was positively correlated with weight gain for control birds, but negatively correlated for lead-treated birds. PMID- 3172273 TI - Some cardiovascular effects of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). AB - Initial toxicological safety evaluations of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m toluamide (DEET) indicated a potential hypotensive effect. The current study was initiated in order to pursue this aspect of DEET toxicity and to elucidate potential mechanisms for this response. Sublethal intraperitoneal injections of DEET in anesthetized rats were found to decrease mean blood pressure and heart rate in a dose-related fashion. Doses ranged from 56 to 225 mg/kg. Dogs treated with 225 mg/kg of DEET exhibited a similar hypotension and bradycardia. Cardiac output was also significantly reduced but stroke volume and total peripheral resistance were not altered. Lead II ECG changes included small increases in P-R and Q-T intervals. In a series of pharmacological studies in rats, DEET was found to decrease the hypotension and bradycardia associated with acetylcholine injection; epinephrine, norepinephrine, and histamine responses were not altered. Atropine pretreatment reduced but did not eliminate the hypotensive effects of DEET. PMID- 3172272 TI - Serologic study of guinea pigs exposed for 12 months to cotton dust. AB - A guinea pig animal model of byssinosis has been described that demonstrates both acute and chronic effects of cotton dust inhalation (Ellakkani et al., 1984, 1987). During the latter study in which guinea pigs were exposed to 21 mg/m3 cotton dust 5 d/wk, 6 h/d for 52 wk, blood samples were taken from animals (20 exposed, 20 sham-exposed) prior to exposure and monthly during the exposure period. Sera were evaluated for quantities of the major protein fractions, and for IgG antibodies to cotton dust components. At the completion of the study, blood was evaluated for total and differential leukocytes. At 6 mo of exposure, each of the five protein fractions was significantly different from the corresponding fraction in the control animals. Antibodies reactive with an aqueous cotton dust extract (ACDE) were prominent by 2 mo of exposure and the titer was increased with continued exposure. The extract was composed of 2.6% protein, 12.8% reducing sugar, and 4.1% nucleic acid, with the remainder being largely simply sugars and inorganic material. A fraction of the antibodies showed reactivity with gram-negative bacteria and specifically with Enterobacter agglomerans, the most prevalent gram-negative microorganism in the dust. Minimal antibody response was detected using lipopolysaccharide from this microorganism or gram-positive bacteria. These results indicate that exposure of guinea pigs to cotton dust resulted in hematologic changes and in specific antibody formation. The presence of antibodies in each of the animals suggests their possible use as an indicator of cotton dust exposure. PMID- 3172275 TI - Major histocompatibility complex antigen expression on rat microglia following epidural kainic acid lesions. AB - Vigorous expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class I surface glycoproteins was observed on reactive microglia but not on astrocytes in the rat brain following lesions induced by epidural kainic acid (KA) on the cerebral cortex. The monoclonal antibodies used were OX18 against MHC class I, OX6 against MHC class II, OX1 against leukocyte common antigen (LCA), and W3/13 against pan-T lymphocytes. Astrocytes were marked by antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA) and S100b protein. The lesion differentially affected four zones: the central area of the lesion where most cells died; the peripheral zone surrounding the lesion where selective damage occurred; projection tracts from the lesioned area; and terminal fields of damaged neurons. In nonlesioned animals, class I expression was confined to vascular endothelial cells and some small glial cells. Following KA treatment, class I-positive round cells appeared in the central zone at day 1, peaked about day 5, and then slowly declined. In the peripheral zone, class I-positive microglia were present fron day 2 on. They demonstrated classical morphology for such cells, and in some cases arranged themselves in pyramidal profiles surrounding neurons. Reactive microglia were also class I positive along tracts of damaged neurons and in the terminal areas. The reaction was reduced to control levels 16-20 weeks after lesioning although some vascular endothelial cells and a few round cells still stained positively in the cystic area, which was the remnant of the central zone. Class II antigen expression first appeared in the form of round cells in the central zone of the lesion on day 1. These peaked at 5-7 days and declined thereafter. In the peripheral zone on day 5, some positive round or ameboid cells were found intermingled with typical reactive microglia. This reaction peaked at about 1-2 weeks and decreased thereafter. Class II-positive microglia appeared in fiber tracts and in the terminal areas on day 5, peaked after 2-3 weeks, and declined thereafter. Double immunostaining for class I and II antigens showed that there were significantly fewer class II- than class I-positive cells, but the morphology of the two groups was similar. No astrocytes stained positively for either group I or group II antigen. In both the primary and secondary lesioned areas, LCA staining was observed on the surface of reactive microglia. In the primary lesions there were also LCA-positive round cells in the central zone, but these were rare in the peripheral zone and the secondary lesioned areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3172276 TI - Serum contains inducers and repressors of oligodendrocyte differentiation. AB - An important stage in oligodendrocyte development is the expression of galactocerebroside (GC), the major glycolipid in myelin. Although oligodendrocyte cell lineage and differentiation in vitro have been the object of many studies, to date there is sparse information on the regulation of GC expression in oligodendrocytes already committed to be positive for GC. We report here that GC expression in these cells is controlled by three serum factors. Two of these, possibly a lipoprotein and a mucoprotein, increase GC levels, whereas the third, probably a glycoprotein, exerts an inhibitory effect. The developmental increase of GC in postnatal rat brain cerebral cultures and its induction by serum factors are reversible phenomena. The isolation of the GC-regulatory factors would allow experimental manipulation of impaired GC expression by differentiated oligodendrocytes. PMID- 3172277 TI - Developing rod photoreceptors from normal and mutant Rd mouse retinas: altered fatty acid composition early in development of the mutant. AB - The phospholipid and fatty acid contents of developing rod photoreceptor cells were determined in dissociated photoreceptor cells obtained from normal mice and from rd mice exhibiting an inherited retinal degeneration. Photoreceptors were dissociated from retinas by mechanical agitation after mild protease treatment and characterized by light and electron microscopy. Phospholipid classes were isolated by thin-layer chromatography, and fatty acyl groups separated and quantitated by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Developing photoreceptor cells of normal retinas accumulated all phospholipid classes, but in proportions which shifted with age. The mole % contents of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) decreased with age, whereas phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) increased. The content of the polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoate (22:6), expressed as nmol/microgram lipid phosphorus, increased rapidly during development, whereas arachidonate (20:4) content tended to decline. Mono-unsaturated fatty acid levels (palmitoleate, 16:1; oleate, 18:1) declined with age. Among saturated fatty acids, palmitate (16:0) decreased during normal development, whereas stearate (18:0) increased. The total mass of phospholipid/photoreceptor cell in the normal, adult mouse retina was estimated to be approximately 14 pg. The total phospholipid content and mole % distribution of individual phospholipid classes in immature rd photoreceptors were similar to values for normal cells. In contrast, significant changes in fatty acid composition were detected between immature rd cells and normal cells. Rd cells generally had higher levels of saturated (myristate, 14:0; palmitate, 16:0) and monounsaturated fatty acids (oleate, 18:1) and lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (arachidonate, 20:4; docosahexaenoate, 22:6), suggesting that fatty acid metabolism is altered by expression of the rd gene and/or by the associated impairment of photoreceptor cell differentiation. PMID- 3172278 TI - Glycerol oxidation in discrete areas of rat brain from young, adolescent, and adult rats. AB - We have reported previously that the oxidation rate of [1,3-14C] glycerol to 14CO2 is lower in whole brain homogenates from neonatal rats and increases about 30% during the suckling period to adult levels. To determine whether there are developmental changes in glycerol oxidation in discrete regions of brain, we examined the oxidation of glycerol by homogenates of hypothalamus, cerebellum, brain stem, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex of young (4-6 days) and older (18-20 days) pups and adult (greater than 90 day) rats. The oxidation was measured at both low (0.2 mM) and high (2.0 mM) concentrations of glycerol, since the oxidation of glycerol by brain tissue has been shown to exhibit biphasic kinetics. At each age, and with both concentrations of glycerol, there were significant differences among the discrete brain regions. Although the rate of glycerol oxidation increased with age in most areas of brain, each brain region had a distinct developmental profile. In the hypothalamus, the oxidation of glycerol increased significantly between 4-6 days and adult levels at 18-20 days. The oxidation of glycerol was essentially the same in homogenates of cortex from young and older pups, but it was significantly increased in adults. In contrast with other brain regions, the oxidation of glycerol by brain stem was highest at 4-6 days and significantly decreased with age. The developmental profile of glycerol oxidation in hippocampus and cerebellum was particularly complex, since it increased with age at low, but not at high, concentrations of glycerol. This developmental pattern in hippocampus and cerebellum could be related to changes in the biphasic kinetics of glycerol oxidation and suggests that glycerol metabolism is different in these two areas of brain compared with other areas of brain. PMID- 3172279 TI - Major rat brain membrane-associated and cytosolic enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidases: comparison studies. AB - The major cytosolic and membrane-associated enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidases were purified in parallel by column chromatography successively on DEAE cellulose, AH-Sepharose, hydroxylapatite, Sephadex G-200, Affigel Blue, AH Sepharose, and hydroxylapatite. With the final hydroxylapatite column, the cytosol (S) and the membrane (M) enzymes could each be resolved into two peaks, one eluted with 0.05 M phosphate (SI, MI) and the other with 0.25 M phosphate (SII, MII). The overall purification, with Arg BNA as substrate, for the SI and MI was about 450-fold; for SII and MII, 1,200-fold. The yield for each enzyme was about 2%. the major protein integral units of the four enzymes are similar; they are single polypeptide chains with a molecular weight of 100,000 daltons. Their pH optimum, substrate specificity, and sensitivity to puromycin show that they are similar to lysosomal aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.-). The two forms of the cytosol and the membrane enzymes have slightly different kinetic constants. With the inhibitors, SII is more sensitive to proctolin, whereas MII is more sensitive to bestatin and Arg-Phe-Ala. Mn2+ activates SI on Met-enkephalin degradation, but inhibits SII, MI, and MII. PMID- 3172280 TI - Identification of horizontal cells generating different spectral responses in the retina of a teleost fish (Eugerres plumieri). AB - Six different types of spectral responses were recorded from horizontal cells under mesopic conditions in perfused retina, isolated from the dark-adapted mojarra (Eugerres plumieri). They were tentatively termed photopic Lr-, Lg1-, Lg2 , Lb-, and C-type, and scotopic L-type. The Lr-, Lg-, and Lb-type responses showed a maximum peak at 605, 550, and 516 nm respectively, while the C-type was composed of hyperpolarizing potentials in response to shorter wavelengths and depolarizing potentials in response to longer wavelengths (so-called R/G-type). The scotopic L-type has a peak at 516 nm in the spectral response and a slow decay phase in the waveform response. Following a brief period of diffuse illumination, it was found that the Lg1-type response is altered to the Lr-type, while both Lg2- and Lb-type responses change to the C-type. Intracellular marking with Lucifer or Procion yellow identified the cellular origins of different response types: external (He) and medial horizontal (Hm) cells for the Lr-type, internal horizontal (Hi) cells for the C-type, and rod-horizontal (Hr) cells for the scotopic L-type. Only He cells were found to possess an axon, while dye coupling was seen between axonless Hm, Hi, or Hr cells but not between He cells. The morphology of these fluorescent dye-marked cells was the same as that of the respective cells observed in Golgi-stained materials. PMID- 3172281 TI - Light-dependent subcellular movement of photoreceptor proteins. AB - The intracellular localization of photoreceptor-specific proteins 33 kd, beta transducin, and 48 kd, as determined by immunocytochemistry, is transient and dependent on the lighting environment to which the retina is exposed. Western analysis of the proteins in isolated rod outer segments from mouse retina demonstrates that beta-transducin actually moves from the outer segment to the inner segment in response to light and that 48 kd moves simultaneously in the opposite direction. The light-induced movements appear to be initiated by the absorption of light by rhodopsin because red light, which does not bleach rhodopsin, does not produce this redistribution of photoreceptor proteins. Time course analysis of these movements suggests that the light-induced shift is detectable at the earliest time examined (30 seconds). The bidirectional movement suggests that the photoreceptor cells have at least two distinct dynein-like or kinesin-like translocator molecules that act as microtubule-based motors. This movement appears to be a basic mechanism by which photoreceptor cells rapidly and radically alter the subcellular concentrations of photoreceptor-specific proteins, which in turn may affect the rapid changes in membrane potential that occur during phototransduction. PMID- 3172282 TI - Effects of styrene on wheel-running and ambulatory activities in mice. AB - Effects of styrene on wheel-running and ambulatory activities were investigated in mice. Sixty male mice (ICR strain) were divided into 10 groups of six mice each, and they were exposed to styrene of about 930, 425, 60, 25 or 0 ppm (control group) for 4 hours a day, 5 days a week over 2 weeks. The wheel-running and ambulatory activity tests were conducted during 2 weeks of the styrene exposure, and 1 week before and after the exposure. The wheel-running activity decreased at the high concentrations (930 and 425 ppm), and the decreased activity did not recover to the control level after cessation of the exposure. In the ambulatory activity test, styrene exposure resulted in the decrease in the activity, though the change was not concentration-dependent. The present results suggest that the behavioral effect of styrene is clearly detectable by means of wheel-running and ambulatory activities in mice. PMID- 3172283 TI - Effects of rose bengal on serum levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid peroxidase activity in male mice. AB - The thyrotoxic effect of Rose bengal (RB) (4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2',4',5',7' tetraiodofluorescein disodium salt; Food Red No. 105) was examined in male (C57BL/6N X C3H/N) F1 mice. They were given drinking-water containing RB at levels of 0 (control), 0.125 and 0.250% for 2 weeks. The effect resulted in decreases in serum levels of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), and slight increases in serum 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) levels and thyroid weight, but no difference in the values for the body-weight gain, serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) activities. However, the in vitro inhibitory effect of RB on TPO activity was observed by addition of RB to the TPO-catalyzed guaiacol oxidation. These results suggest that RB might have weak goitrogenic properties, inhibiting the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 and/or inhibiting TPO to lead a decrease of T4 and T3 formation. PMID- 3172285 TI - Blood clearance of 99mTc-phytate for evaluation of hepatic dysfunction in rats. AB - Organ distribution pattern, hepatic uptake ratio, and blood clearance were examined by giving 99mTc-phytate (99mTc-P) to the normal rats. At the same time, the relation between the severity of hepatic function and blood clearance or hepatic uptake ratio of 99mTc-P was studied by using the rats with acute hepatic dysfunction experimentally induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration. Furthermore, a comparative discussion on blood clearance test of 99mTc-P was made with serum transaminase test and with histological test of the liver. It appeared appropriate to administer 99mTc-P at the dose of 500 micrograms/kg in order to obtain an effective blood clearance curve. A major part of 99mTc-P intravenously administered was take up into the liver, while the remainder of small amount into the spleen, kidneys, lung, and so on. Little was recognized in the thyroid gland. The hepatic uptake ratio of 99mTc-P reached the maximum 15 minutes after the administration. The disappearance rate of 99mTc-P from blood decreased with the increase in dose of CCl4 and with the passage of time after the CCl4 administration. The blood clearance test of 99mTc-P showed a sensitive reaction for the acute hepatic dysfunction induced by CCl4 equally to or higher than the serum transaminase test or histological test of the liver. PMID- 3172284 TI - Effects of p-tert-butylphenyl trans-4-guanidinomethylcyclohexane carboxylate hydrochloride (NCO-650) and its metabolite, p-tert-butylphenol(BP) on drug metabolizing enzymes and fine structure in rat liver. AB - The effects of p-tert-butylphenyl trans-4-guanidinomethylcyclohexane carboxylate hydrochloride (NCO-650) and its metabolite, p-tert-butylphenol(BP), on the drug metabolizing enzymes and fine structure in the rat liver were examined. Aminopyrine demethylase activity was inhibited by the administration of NCO-650 and BP at a dose of 2 and 10 mg/kg, p.o. The increases of microsomal cytochrome b5 and cytochrome P-450 contents were noticed at 1, 12 and 24 hr after NCO-650 and BP administration. Ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation of mitochondria and microsome increased by the administration of NCO-650 and BP, but NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation decreased by these drugs. In the morphological observations of fine structure in the liver, NCO-650 and BP caused the swelling and decrease of rough endoplasmic reticulum and the increase of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The morphological changes of liver fine structure were related to the changes of drug metabolizing enzymes in the liver by the administration of NCO-650 and BP, which may be suggest the transitory and functional responses of these drugs in the liver. The effect of BP on the drug-metabolizing enzymes and fine structure in the liver was similar to that of NCO-650. PMID- 3172287 TI - [Six-month chronic intravenous toxicity study of cefodizime sodium in dogs]. AB - The chronic intravenous toxicity of cefodizime sodium (THR-221) was studied in beagle dogs. Groups of 6 males and 6 females were treated with THR-221 at doses of 0 (saline), 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg/day for 6 months. The THR-221 related symptoms were vomiting, excessive drinking behavior and salivation. The paleness of the visible mucosa and discoloration of vascular color by funduscopy due to systemic anemia were observed in one animal each of 800 and 1600 mg/kg/day groups. Body weight was depressed transiently or continuously in a few animals of 400-1600 mg/kg/day groups. The hematological, serum chemical and urinalysis findings in a few animals of 400-1600 mg/kg/day groups revealed decreases in RBC count, PCV and hemoglobin, an increase in reticulocyte count, a decrease in WBC count, a decrease in platelet count, slight increase in TP, and albumin, a decrease in AlP, and an increase in urinary Na. Light microscopically, deposition of hemosiderin and increased extramedullary hematopoiesis in the liver and spleen, and deposition of fibroid substance in the white pulp of the spleen and diffuse fibrosis in the bone marrows were detected in a few animals of 800 and 1600 mg/kg/day groups. Electron microscopically, no significant toxic changes were observed. The maximum nontoxic doses of THR-221 are estimated as 200 mg/kg/day in male and less than 200 mg/kg/day in female. PMID- 3172286 TI - [Acute toxicity study of cefodizime sodium]. AB - Acute toxicity of cefodizime sodium (THR-221) was examined in mice of both sexes, rats of both sexes (including 5-day-old young), and male dogs. The LD50 values of THR-221 (mg/kg) were as follows: (1) mice: intravenous, 7200 for males and 5000 for females; intraperitoneal, 10500 for males and 11000 for females; subcutaneous, 17500 for males and 16500 for females; and oral, 28000 for males and 29000 for females. (2) rats (adult): intravenous, 7000 for males and 8200 for females; intraperitoneal, 9500 for males and 8800 for females; subcutaneous, 17000 for males and 15500 for females; oral, more than 20000 for both sexes; and intramuscular, more than 3200 for both sexes. (3) 5-day-old rats: subcutaneous, 5278 for males and 5314 for females. (4) male dogs: intravenous, more than 5000. Major changes in general conditions observed in mice and rats were decreased spontaneous activity, lying prone, respiratory changes, staggering gait, clonic or clonic-tonic convulsions, and cyanosis, and in the animals dosed orally, diarrhea or salivation was also noted. The changes in 5-day-old rats were respiratory changes, agony, loss of reflex to an external stimulus, and congestion at the injection site, and those in dogs were vomiting, dryness of the nose, and soft or mucous stools. Autopsies on the mice and rats which died revealed hemorrhage on the brain surface. In addition, the following were seen: intraperitoneal retention of fluid and dark red spots on the abdominal wall (i.p.), subcutaneous retention of fluid or jellylike material and hemorrhage at the injection site (s.c.), and retention of fluid and dark red spots on the mucosa in the digestive tract (mice p.o.). In 5-day-old rats which died, the subcutaneous tissue at the injection site showed hemorrhage macroscopically and inflammatory changes microscopically. Hematological and blood chemical tests performed in dogs showed an increase in white blood cells and changes suggesting anemia, increases in GOT, LDH and ALP activities, and slight changes in urea nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus. In one animal given a low dose of 2500 mg/kg, an increase in GPT activity was also seen. However, these changes were all transient. Microscopic findings in dogs were slight inflammatory changes in the subcutaneous tissue around the injection site. PMID- 3172288 TI - [Fertility study of cefodizime sodium in mice--intravenous administration from pre-conceptional period through early period of gestation]. AB - Cefodizime sodium (THR-221) was intravenously administered to mice of both sexes at dose levels of 300, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/kg/day, and its effects on the fertility of male and female mice and on their offspring were examined. Twenty four males and 24 females were used per dose and as a control group. The males were dosed for 9 weeks prior to mating and through the mating period, and the females were treated from 2 weeks before mating through day 6 of gestation. Cesarean sections were performed on all pregnant mice in each group (16-23) on day 18 of gestation. Of the parental mice, 1, 2 and 1 males died at 0 (control), 2000 and 3000 mg/kg/day, respectively, and 5 females died at 3000 mg/kg/day. Inflammatory changes in the skin at the injection site were observed in the males at 3000 mg/kg/day. In the males, the kidney weight at 3000 mg/kg/day and the spleen weights at 2000 and 3000 mg/kg/day increased, and the thymus weight at 3000 mg/kg/day decreased, as compared with the control values. No differences appeared between any compound-treated group and the control group in the following maternal and fetal parameters: copulation rate, conception rate, and body and placental weights, crown-rump length and sex ratio of the live fetuses. External, visceral and skeletal examinations on the live fetuses revealed no compound-related abnormalities. From the present results, it is considered that the no-effect doses of THR-221 for the parental mice and the fetuses are 1000 and 3000 mg/kg/day, respectively. PMID- 3172289 TI - [Teratological study of cefodizime sodium in mice--intravenous administration during period of organogenesis]. AB - Cefodizime sodium (THR-221) was intravenously administered at dose levels of 300, 1000 and 3000 mg/kg/day to pregnant mice on days 6-15 of gestation covering the period of organogenesis, and its effects on the dams (F0) and the fetal and postnatal development and fertility of their offspring (F1) were examined. In each group including a control group, 21-24 of the 33-38 F0 dams were submitted to cesarean section on day 18 of gestation, and the remaining 12-14 animals were allowed to litter normally and nurse their offspring until day 21 of lactation. In the F0 dams, no compound effects were seen in general conditions, body weight, food consumption, numbers of corpora lutea and implantations or duration of gestation. The thymus weights of the cesarean sectioned dams at 1000 and 3000 mg/kg/day were less than the control values, but no difference appeared in weights of the other main organs between any treatment group and the control group. No gross visceral abnormalities were noted at any dose. In F1 near-term fetuses, the compound administration exerted no effects on their development at any dose, except the decreased body weight and crown-rump length noted at 3000 mg/kg/day. No difference occurred in incidence of fetuses with external, visceral or skeletal anomalies between any treatment group and the control group. Normally delivered F1 offspring in the treatment groups exhibited no changes from the controls in postnatal development, reflexes, 21-day survival index or behavioral test performance. Skeletal examination on F1 offspring which died during lactation and autopsies on the other animals at the end of study revealed no compound-related abnormalities. The fertility of the F1 mice was normal at all doses, and there were no compound effects on the F1 dams or their near-term fetuses or newborn pups. From the present results, it is considered that the no effect doses of THR-221 for the maternal mice and their offspring are 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day, respectively. PMID- 3172290 TI - [One-month subacute intravenous toxicity study of cefodizime sodium in rats]. AB - One-month subacute intravenous toxicity study of cefodizime sodium (THR-221) in rats was carried out with dose levels of 2000, 1000 and 500 mg/kg/day. Sixteen males and 16 females were used per group (including the control group). THR-221 caused neither death nor change in general conditions at any dose level throughout the study, except that decreased spontaneous activity appeared only transiently in a part of the animals given 2000 mg/kg/day. Increases in water intake were observed in all compound groups, and transient decreases in food consumption were seen at an early stage of the administration period. However, the compound did not affect the body weight at any dose level. In urinalysis, the urine sediments in all THR-221 groups contained an increased number of epithelial cells as compared with the controls. At autopsy, dilation of the cecum was observed in all THR-221 groups, and in a part of the rats with this change, red spots or reddening of the serous membrane of the organ also appeared. Light microscopy revealed brown granules in the epithelium of renal tubules in all compound groups (with dose-dependent incidences) and congestion or hemorrhage in the cecum in some compound-treated animals. Electron microscopy on the kidney showed small bodies (considered to be lysosomes) in the tubular epithelium in all compound groups. No other changes related to THR-221 were observed. From the present results that no marked toxic signs were seen at any dose level, the toxicologically non-effective dose of THR-221 for rats of both sexes is considered to be more than 2000 mg/kg/day. PMID- 3172291 TI - [Peri- and postnatal study of cefodizime sodium in mice--intravenous administration from late gestation through period of lactation]. AB - Peri- and postnatal study of cefodizime sodium (THR-221), a new developed cephem type antibiotics, was carried out with ICR mice. THR-221 at dose levels of 0, 300, 1000 and 3000 mg/kg/day were administered intravenously to pregnant and delivered dams from day 15 of gestation through day 21 of lactation. No changes in body weights of dams in all treated groups but slight decrease in food consumptions of 3000 mg/kg/day group were observed. Treated sites, tails of a few dams in this group, were affected with inflammatory lesions because of repeated dosing. Neonates from dams treated with 3000 mg/kg/day were slightly decreased in body weight at birth. At term sacrifice of F 1 of 10 weeks age, absolute and relative spleen weights were decreased in male 3000 mg/kg/day group and in female 1000 and 3000 mg/kg/day group. No effects on other physical, behavioral or reproductive ability examinations of F 1 offspring were showed. It is suggested that no effect dose level of THR-221 is 1000 mg/kg/day and that of F 1 offspring is 300 mg/kg/day. PMID- 3172292 TI - [Antigenicity test of cefodizime sodium]. AB - The antigenicity studies of a beta-lactam antibiotic, cefodizime sodium (THR 221), were examined in mice and guinea pigs and the following results were obtained. 1) In passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) with sera from BALB/c or C3H/He mice, a slight PCA reaction was observed only in BALB/c mice by using THR 221-ovalbumin (OVA) plus Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) as the immunogen and THR-221 itself as the eliciting antigen. 2) Immunological cross-reactivity between THR-221 and CTX was present at the rat PCA reaction. 3) Antibodies against THR-221 were detected by PCA in guinea pigs. The anti-THR-221 antibodies gave PCA responses smaller than those of CMZ by using antibiotic plus FCA as the immunogen and the antibiotic-bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the eliciting antigen. 4) In the observation of active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA), no symptoms were observed in guinea pigs sensitized with THR-221 and provoked with THR-221-BSA. On the other hand, guinea pigs sensitized with THR-221 plus FCA by injecting THR-221 BSA showed fetal anaphylactic reactions. 5) The results of passive hemagglutination (PHA) also indicated that the PHA titer of THR-221 was lower than that of CMZ. 6) Protein binding property of THR-221 with human serum albumin was lower than other beta-lactam antibiotics. 7) Antibodies against THR-221-OVA by using THR-221-BSA as the eliciting antigen were detected in any tests above mentioned. It is concluded from these results that immunological activity of THR 221 was equivalent to the other beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 3172293 TI - [Local irritation studies of cefodizime sodium]. AB - Four local irritation studies of cefodizime sodium (THR-221), a new developed cephem-type antibiotics, were carried out with NZW rabbits. 1. In eye irritation test, 25% THR-221 water solution had no irritancy on eye mucosa in rabbits. 2. In single injective intramuscular irritation study, regardless of solvents (water or 0.5% lidocaine), 25% THR-221 solution had irritancy equal to 0.75% acetic acid. But recovery process of the muscle injured with THR-221 was faster and better than with 0.75% acetic acid. 3. In five days injective muscular irritation study, the irritancy of 25% THR-221 water solution on the muscle was milder than that of CTT or CET. Histopathological damage with THR-221, necrosis/degeneration of muscle fibers and edema/hemorrhage in interstitium etc., were well recovered. 4. In vessel irritation study, 10% or more THR-221 water solution had irritancy on ear vessel. THR-221, as same as CTT, caused organized thrombi and inflammation at the surrounding area. The degree of irritation of 20% THR-221 solution was slightly stronger than that of 20% CET, but weaker than that of 20% CTT. 5. In a clinical phase, it is to be desired that THR-221 like as CTT or CET shall be avoided repeated intramuscular or intravenous injections at the same site. PMID- 3172294 TI - [Nephrotoxicity of cefodizime sodium in rats--single and 14-day repeated intravenous administration]. AB - Nephrotoxicity of cefodizime sodium (THR-221), a new cephem antibiotic, was studied in rats by comparing its toxic effect with those of other cephem antibiotics including cephaloridine (CER), cefazolin (CEZ) and cefmetazol (CMZ). Each drug was administered single and consecutive 14-day dosage with its alone or in combination with either furosemide or gentamicin. The results are summarized as follows: 1. In the single dosage study, the rats treated with THR-221 at dose levels of 1200 mg/kg and more showed slight changes in urinary protein and glucose. In rats treated with CER at a dose of 1200 mg/kg, creatinine level in plasma and weights of kidneys were increased, and degeneration and/or necrosis of the renal proximal tubular epithelia were observed. Furthermore, by the consecutive dosage of CER at a dose of 1000 mg/kg, remarkable renal responses including increase in urinary protein and glucose, and weights of kidneys, were observed. In addition, histopathological examinations showed degeneration and/or regeneration of the renal proximal tubular epithelia. 2. No enhanced effect of nephrotoxicity by combination with furosemide or gentamicin was observed except in case of combination of CER with furosemide. 3. The above results indicate that the nephrotoxic potency among these four antibiotics on the single and consecutive dosage studies is CER much greater than THR-221 greater than or equal to CEZ = CMZ and CER much greater than THR-221 = CEZ = CMZ, in the decreasing order. PMID- 3172295 TI - [Effect of cefodizime sodium on the kidney function in male rabbits--single and 7 day repeated intravenous administration]. AB - Renal effects of cefodizime sodium (THR-221) administered by the intravenous route singly and for 7 consecutive days to male rabbits, were compared with those of cefazolin sodium (CEZ) and cephalothin sodium (CET). Four animals were used in each group including control groups. In the single-dose study, THR-221 (600 and 1800 mg/kg) and CET (1800 mg/kg) caused no nephrotoxic effects. In the CEZ groups (600 and 1800 mg/kg), findings indicative of the decreased renal function were obtained: serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels increased over the control values, and phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) retention test showed a delay in PSP excretion from the blood. In addition, the white surface of the kidney was macroscopically observed, and microscopic examination revealed renal proximal tubular changes such as necrosis, hyaline cast and calcification, suggesting renal disorders. The repeated-dose study also showed similar results to those described above. Administration of THR-221 (200 and 600 mg/kg/day) and CET (600 mg/kg/day) caused no effects on the kidney. In the CEZ groups (200 and 600 mg/kg/day), serum chemical and PSP test results suggested the decreased renal function, and macroscopic and microscopic findings included organic changes in the kidney. These results suggest that under the conditions tested THR-221 dose not elicit signs of nephrotoxicity in contrast to CEZ, and behaves almost equally to CET. PMID- 3172296 TI - [Five-week subacute intravenous toxicity study of cefodizime sodium in dogs]. AB - A subacute toxicity study of cefodizime sodium (THR-221), a new cephem antibiotics, was carried out using male and female beagle dogs. THR-221 was intravenously administered to the dog at dose levels of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day for 5 weeks, followed by 4 weeks recovery period. Cefotetan (CTT) as a reference drug was administered in the same manner at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg/day. The summarized results obtained are as follows: 1. Vomiting and salivation were observed in dogs given 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day of THR-221. However, it caused no deaths or significant effects on body weight and food consumption in all groups treated with THR-221. 2. No toxicological changes associated with the administration of THR-221 were found in urinary and hematological examinations. 3. In serum biochemical examinations, increase or tendencies of increase of albumin and A/G ratio, probably due to the antibacterial action of THR-221, were detected at all dose levels of THR-221. 4. There were no dose-related changes in hepatic and renal function, fecal occult blood, ophthalmological, electrocardiographic and auditory examinations, absolute and relative organ weights. 5. Histopathological examinations revealed fibrosis or granulation in perivascular area of injection sites, particularly in males given 2000 mg/kg/day of THR-221. 6. After 4 weeks of recovery period, above mentioned changes were generally disappeared and it was suggested that these were reversible ones. 7. In groups treated with CTT (2000 mg/kg/day), damages were recognized mainly in erythron values, liver and kidney, as compared with the same dose of THR-221. Therefore the toxicity of THR-221 was less than that of CTT. 8. From these results, the non toxic effective dose level and the toxic dose level of THR-221 were estimated to be 500 mg/kg/day and more than 2000 mg/kg/day respectively, for male and female dogs. PMID- 3172298 TI - Graded experimental myocardial contusion: impact on cardiac rhythm, coronary artery flow, ventricular function, and myocardial oxygen consumption. AB - Current management of myocardial contusion is based on experience with ischemic heart disease, but the mechanism responsible for cardiac dysfunction may be quite different. The purpose of this study was to characterize the pathophysiology of myocardial contusion in a controlled animal model. Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were prepared on a standard Langendorff apparatus, and myocardial function (DP, + dP/dT, - dP/dT) measured via a left ventricular balloon. Bipolar atrial and ventricular leads were placed to define conduction changes. Coronary sinus effluent was sampled for pO2, pH, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). The hearts were freeze-clamped to measure phosphocreatine (PC) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Myocardial contusion was produced by a single blow with a weighted pendulum. Hearts were divided into control (n = 5), moderate impact--Group I (n = 5), and major impact--Group II (n = 5). Group I sustained a 25% decrease in function after an impact of 78 +/- 5 mJoules/gm, and Group II a 50% deficit after 87 +/- 7 mJoules/gm. Impact resulted in complete electrical arrest, followed by sequential ventricular, atrial, and AV nodal recovery; recovery time correlated directly with degree of injury. Coronary flow at 2 min postinjury was decreased (p less than 0.05) in Group I (12.8 +/- 0.8 ml/min) and Group II (11.5 +/- 1.3) compared to control (17.2 +/- 0.5), and returned to baseline levels at 20 min. LDH and CPK levels were twice as high in Group II as in Group I. The PC/ATP ratio in Group II increased from 1.63 at baseline to 2.54 (p less than 0.05) at 25 min, confirming ischemic reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172297 TI - [Six-month chronic subcutaneous toxicity study of cefodizime sodium in rats]. AB - Six-month chronic subcutaneous toxicity study of cefodizime sodium (THR-221) in rats was carried out with dose levels of 3000, 1000, 300 and 100 mg/kg/day. The systemic change observed was slightly decreased spontaneous activity, which appeared only in a very few animals. At the injection site of the animals at 1000 and 3000 mg/kg/day, various cutaneous changes (subcutaneous retention of fluid, incrustation, loss of hair and perforation) were observed. The body weight gains of the males at 1000 and 3000 mg/kg/day were depressed from 1 month of administration onward, but the food consumption was not affected in any group. The water intakes at 1000 and 3000 mg/kg/day were increased. Hematological findings were signs of anemia, a slight decrease in red blood cell count or increases in platelet and/or reticulocyte counts in all THR-221 groups. At 3000 mg/kg/day, increases in white blood cell and neutrophil counts and a decrease in lymphocyte count were also observed. Plasma chemistry revealed decreases in total protein amount and, albumin (A) or globulin (G) amounts, and a decrease or increase in A/G ratio in all compound groups. Autopsy revealed dilation of the cecum and hematoma, dark red spots and yellowish brown spots in the subcutaneous tissue at the injection site in all THR-221 groups. Hypertrophy of the spleen was also noted at 300-3000 mg/kg/day. Changes in organ weights were a decrease in liver weight in all compound groups and an increase in spleen weight at 3000 mg/kg/day. Microscopically, the following were observed: brown granules or hyaline droplets in the epithelium of renal tubules; hemorrhage and inflammatory changes in the subcutaneous tissue at the injection site; and an increased number of lymphocytes or granulocytes in the spleen and bone marrow. Urinalysis and ocular and auditory tests showed no changes related to THR-221. From the present results, the toxicologically non-effective doses of THR-221 are considered to be 300 mg/kg/day for male rats and more than 1000 mg/kg/day for female rats. PMID- 3172299 TI - Central lung injuries: a need for early vascular control. AB - During a 7-year period (1980-1987), 161 patients underwent emergency thoracotomy for penetrating lung injuries. Of these, 25 (15%) had injuries involving central pulmonary (hilar) vascular structures. Anterolateral thoracotomies were performed in 14 patients because of unstable vital signs (ten) or cardiac arrest (four), and only two (14%) of these patients survived. In seven of these patients the incision was extended into a bilateral thoracotomy to provide better exposure for continued severe bleeding, and all seven died. Of 11 relatively stable patients having a posterolateral incision (ten) or a median sternotomy (one), only two (18%) died. Of 18 patients in whom the initial procedure was hilar clamping, ten (63%) survived. In seven patients an attempt was made to control the bleeding before hilar clamping and only one (14%) survived. In six patients, resection of a lobe (five) or a segment (one) was used to achieve hemostasis with five (83%) survivors. Eight of the 14 deaths were clearly due to blood loss, which was treated with an average of 19.5 units of blood. However, in six of the earlier deaths with much less blood loss, air emboli may have been a factor, but was unproven. Early vascular control at the hilum for central lung injuries seems to be needed not only to stop the bleeding but also to prevent systemic air emboli. PMID- 3172300 TI - Esophageal perforation following external blunt trauma. AB - Esophageal perforation from external blunt trauma is an exceedingly rare injury. Since 1900, including our five cases, we found 96 reported cases. The most common cause was violent vehicular trauma. The cervical and upper thoracic esophagus was the site of perforation in 82%. In 78% of the cases, there were findings consistent with esophageal injury, but there was a delay in diagnosis in two thirds of these. The diagnostic difficulty was due to lack of a specific symptom complex for esophageal perforation. Often esophageal perforation was not suspected and the symptoms were attributed to the more common injuries, or the diagnostic workup was incomplete. There were 24 (38%) infectious complications directly related to the esophageal perforation. In 21 of these, there was a delay in diagnosis. There were five (9.4%) deaths due to sepsis from the esophageal perforation. PMID- 3172301 TI - Severe hepatic trauma: a multi-center experience with 1,335 liver injuries. AB - The experience of six regional trauma centers with severe hepatic trauma was reviewed to identify trends in management, mortality, and postoperative complications. During the 5-year period ending June 1987, 210 complex liver injuries were identified at laparotomy. There were 92 Class III, 59 Class IV, and 59 Class V injuries. Mechanism of injury was blunt in 101 (48%) patients and penetrating in 109 (52%). Shock was observed in 38%, 46%, and 85% of Class III, IV, and V patients, respectively. Emergency department thoracotomy was performed in 31 patients. There was only one (3%) survivor. Resuscitative operating room thoracotomy was performed in 34 patients with three (9%) survivors. Class III injuries were most frequently treated with hepatotomy and individual vessel ligation (41%) and deep liver suturing (25%). Class IV injuries were most often managed by resectional debridement (36%). Class V injuries required caval shunt placement in 38 (64%) patients. There were only four (10%) survivors after caval shunt placement. There were 20 (59%) survivors of 34 patients treated with packing placed as an adjunct after hepatic injury repair. There was no significant increase in the incidence of abscess formation after perihepatic packing. Routine peritoneal drainage was used in 94% of patients. Overall mortality rates for Class III, IV, and V injuries were 25%, 46%, and 80%, respectively (p less than 0.01). Death rates due to the liver injury in Class III, IV, and V patients were 7%, 30%, and 66%, respectively (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172302 TI - Treatment dilemmas in laryngotracheal trauma. AB - The first step in trauma care is establishing an adequate airway. With laryngotracheal injuries the airway itself is injured, making this primary task more difficult. Several areas of management for patients with laryngotracheal trauma are controversial, and treatment dilemmas exist. These dilemmas include initial airway management, indications for computed tomography, operative approach, and utilization of stents. This institution has utilized a standard protocol which addresses each of these management dilemmas for the past 3 years. Twenty-one patients are reported. Voice results were good in 13, fair in six, and poor in two. Airway results were good in 16, fair in three, and poor in two. Complications included two wound infections and one death. The protocol and management dilemmas for these injuries are discussed in detail. PMID- 3172303 TI - Gastrointestinal disruption: the hazard of nonoperative management in adults with blunt abdominal injury. AB - The danger inherent to nonoperative management of patients with blunt abdominal injury is that gastrointestinal disruptions will escape timely diagnosis and repair. However, children with blunt abdominal injury have been successfully treated nonoperatively for more than a decade. It has been recently proposed, based upon small series, that adults can be managed nonoperatively in a manner similar to that for children. To assess the likely safety for nonoperative management of adults with blunt abdominal injury, we determined the frequency of blunt gastrointestinal disruption in adults, and reviewed the sensitivity of the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disruption by computed tomography. The salient statistically significant findings, based upon an analysis of 6,301 adults and 1,275 children admitted following blunt trauma, were that blunt abdominal injury, blunt gastrointestinal injury, and blunt gastrointestinal disruption are much more frequent in adults. Based upon these findings and the low sensitivity reported for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disruption by computed tomography, we conclude that the nonoperative management of adults with blunt abdominal injury is as a matter of routine not justified. PMID- 3172304 TI - Major skeletal injuries in the obtunded blunt trauma patient: a case for routine radiologic survey. AB - Trauma patients obtunded as a result of head injury, hypotension, alcohol, or drugs have an unreliable physical examination which may lead to errors or delays in diagnosis. To define the extent of routine radiologic survey needed in patients with a depressed level of consciousness, the records of 789 adults with blunt injuries and a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of 10 or less on admission were reviewed. Major skeletal injury (MSI), was defined as one or more fractures or dislocations of the axial spine, pelvis, hip, or long bones of the lower extremity. The overall incidence of MSI was 31%. Injuries to the axial spine were present in 14% of patients, while 10% sustained pelvic fractures or hip dislocations and 15% sustained femur or tibia-fibula fractures. Patients who sustained MSI had lower admission CRAMS, Trauma Score, GCS, and admission blood pressure compared to non-MSI patients (p less than 0.002). An analysis of mechanisms of injury showed that pedestrians struck by a motor vehicle (57%), and victims of motorcycle accidents (40%) had increased incidences of MSI (p less than 0.05). Patients suffering falls (18%) and assaults (2%) had a decreased incidence of MSI (p less than 0.01). The high incidence of potentially occult MSI in obtunded patients after blunt trauma demonstrated by this data suggests the need for routine radiologic survey including the axial spine, pelvis and long bones of the lower extremity. Mechanism of injury, CRAMS, TS, and GCS may be useful in the early identification of a particularly high-risk group. PMID- 3172305 TI - Prehospital venous access in an urban paramedic system--a prospective on-scene analysis. AB - Prehospital intravenous access has been central to the debate of paramedic intervention during management of trauma in the field. Some have suggested that excessive time requirements for IV access are detrimental to patient salvage. This prospective study objectively quantified the time required to place a peripheral IV line in our urban paramedic system. A third-party observer, nonparamedic, timed the procedure on scene with a stopwatch. Total intravenous time, including obtaining a 30-cc blood sample, was defined as the period from removal of the catheter cover until the catheter was taped. The study group included 125 patients (51 trauma and 74 nontrauma). The average total time to obtain IV access and sample blood was 2.20 +/- 0.20 and 2.71 +/- 0.18 minutes in trauma and nontrauma patients, respectively. In a subset of 63 patients in whom blood sampling time was determined separately, subtracting that from total IV time provided a net of 0.58 +/- 0.09 minutes to obtain access. Fourteen patients had a second IV line started (without blood sampling), requiring 1.25 +/- 0.38 and 0.70 +/- 0.24 minutes, respectively, for trauma and nontrauma patients. Paramedics were successful on their first IV attempt in 90% of trauma and 84% of nontrauma patients; ultimate success was 100%. This on scene study documents the time required for prehospital IV access, performed by a well-trained paramedic in an E.M.S. system with strong medical control, is less than 90 seconds. PMID- 3172306 TI - Base deficit as a guide to volume resuscitation. AB - The base deficit (BD), is a potentially useful indicator of volume deficit in trauma patients. To evaluate BD as an index for fluid resuscitation, the records of 209 trauma patients with serial arterial blood gases (ABG's) were reviewed. The patients were grouped according to initial BD: mild, 2 to -5; moderate, -6 to -14; and severe, less than -15. The volume of resuscitative fluid administered, change in BD, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and presence of ongoing hemorrhage were analyzed for differences between the BD groups. The MAP decreased significantly and the volume of fluid required for resuscitation increased with increasing severity of BD group. A BD that increased (became more negative) with resuscitation was associated with ongoing hemorrhage in 65%. The data suggest that the BD is a useful guide to volume replacement in the resuscitation of trauma patients. PMID- 3172307 TI - The role of a regional trauma system in the management of a mass disaster: an analysis of the Keystone, Colorado, chairlift accident. AB - On December 14, 1985, the Teller chairlift at the Keystone, Colorado, ski area collapsed, throwing 60 of the 372 people aboard to the ground from heights up to 50 feet. Initial triage and management of the victims was carried out by the local ski patrol, the on-duty physician at the area's Snake River Health Services Clinic, and by volunteer physicians and nurses present at the scene. Thirty-three people required immediate evacuation to hospitals, most of them being transported 75 miles by helicopter air ambulance to level I and II trauma centers in the Denver metropolitan area. Eighteen of these air-evacuated patients were in serious or critical condition. Less seriously injured victims were treated at local medical facilities. The scene evacuation was carried out by helicopter and ground vehicles in accordance with an existing disaster plan coordinated by the Colorado Trauma Institute (CTI). The unique problems posed by a mass casualty incident in a remote mountain location are emphasized by this tragedy. Patient salvage due to the efficacy of a regionally organized trauma system is clearly demonstrated. PMID- 3172308 TI - The incidence of injury to the cervical spine in patients with craniocerebral injury. AB - Estimates of the incidence of injury to the cervical spine among patients suffering blunt trauma to the head vary widely, and have been reported to be as high as 20%. Since strict observation of cervical spine precautions may delay attempts to gain control of the airway in a patient with an intracranial injury, the risk involved needs more exact definition. In an attempt to quantify this risk, the records of 1,272 consecutive patients with blunt injuries admitted to a Level I regional trauma center were reviewed. Patients with serious craniocerebral injury were at no greater risk for injury to the cervical spine than patients without trauma to the head (1.8% vs. 3.5%, p = NS by Chi-square analysis). Although observance of cervical spine precautions is usually paramount, there may be times when this concern is superceded by the need to gain definitive airway control in a patient with injury to the brain. PMID- 3172310 TI - Major blunt abdominal trauma due to child abuse. AB - We reviewed 15 years' experience with childhood trauma at two hospitals in different cities, one a city hospital, the other a children's hospital, to learn the extent, circumstances, presentations, and consequences of major blunt abdominal trauma due to child abuse. Some 10,000 children admitted to these hospitals for treatment of injuries from 1972 through 1986 provided the basis for the study; the incidence and severity of pediatric trauma at the two hospitals was similar, in that 13% of the visits to both hospitals' emergency rooms were for trauma, of which 5% resulted in admission. Major blunt abdominal trauma due to child abuse accounted for 22 of these cases, six at the former, 16 at the latter, and represented less than 0.50% of all abused children seen at both institutions. The average age was 24 mo; 14 were boys and eight were girls. In only two instances was the family unit intact; in both, the child was abused by the babysitter. Otherwise, the father, or the mother's "boyfriend," was responsible. Overall mortality was 45%, and was related both to type of injury and presenting signs. Of one who presented with an epigastric mass due to a pancreatic hematoma, none died; the pseudocyst which subsequently developed resolved on bowel rest and TPN. Of three who presented with bilious vomiting due to duodenal hematoma, none died; one required operative evacuation. Of five who presented with peritonitis due to duodenojejunal rupture, one died; this child presented greater than 24 hr following injury in profound septic shock. Of three who presented with hypovolemia due to moderate hemorrhage, none died; the former two were managed conservatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172309 TI - Pelvic crush injuries with occlusion of the iliac artery. AB - During a 1-year period, three patients presented with acute traumatic thrombosis of the common or external iliac artery concomitant with a massive crush injury to the pelvis. All had vascular compromise of the involved extremity on initial physical examination, but in two patients with open pelvic trauma, exsanguination, major visceral injury, hypothermia, and a coagulopathy precluded emergency vascular reconstruction. Both required hindquarter amputation for adequate debridement. The third patient presented without exsanguination or visceral trauma. Angiography and vascular reconstruction were undertaken, but myonecrosis compounded the initial vascular compromise, and eventually required a hip disarticulation for debridement. It was concluded that: exsanguination and/or major visceral injury takes priority over emergency vascular reconstruction; soft tissue injury may preclude limb salvage despite vascular reconstruction. If a cadaveric limb exists, early radical amputation, including hindquarter amputation, should be undertaken. PMID- 3172311 TI - Therapeutic effects of silver nylon dressings with weak direct current on Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected burn wounds. AB - The therapeutic and prophylactic effects of nylon dressings coated with metallic silver in a direct current circuit have been examined in a rat model of fatal burn wound sepsis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 325 +/- 25 grams with 20% full-thickness scald injuries were used. Therapeutic effects were examined at 4 or 24 hours after surface inoculation with a lethal dose of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Strain 59-1244). When used as a surface anode with an implanted silver needle cathode, the silver nylon was therapeutic at currents between 0.4 and 40 microA when applied at either test time and continued for 5 days (p less than 0.001). When used as a cathode, silver nylon was not effective. Nylon cloth without a silver metal coating was not effective without applied current or when used as an anode. Silver nylon dressings placed at 4 hours after inoculation but without applied current showed significant effectiveness (p less than 0.01). This effect, however, was significantly less than that seen with silver nylon used as an anode (p less than 0.001). Barrier prophylactic effects were examined by placing silver nylon or uncoated nylon on burn wounds before inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The uncoated nylon had no barrier effect. Silver nylon was found protective but applied current was not required for significant (p less than 0.001) barrier effect. These results indicate silver nylon dressings may be a valuable antimicrobial burn wound covering device. PMID- 3172312 TI - Effectiveness of implementing a trauma triage system on outcome: a prospective evaluation. AB - A 9-month prospective study was conducted in Salt Lake County to evaluate the efficacy of a field trauma triage system using the CRAMS score. Before the triage system was implemented trauma victims were taken to the nearest appropriate hospital. Post-implementation, trauma victims with field CRAMS scores of 1 through 6 were triaged to the Level I Trauma Center. Of the 113 study patients, 53 were in the pre-implementation phase and 60 in the post-implementation phase. The study patients with CRAMS scores of 4 or less had lower mortality when cared for at the Level I Trauma Center (p = 0.013). We conclude that trauma patients who are severely injured (CRAMS less than or equal to 4) have a significantly higher rate of survival if taken to the Level I Trauma Center. The use of the CRAMS triage system appears to be an effective approach toward improving trauma care in Salt Lake County. PMID- 3172314 TI - Seatbelt injury to the abdominal aorta. AB - Seatbelt injury to the abdominal aorta is a rare finding with an unresolved mechanism. We present a case in which a rear-seat passenger wearing a lap belt was involved in a motor vehicle accident. Injuries sustained included a contused abdominal aorta. At the time of aortic repair, the involved segment was found to be atheromatous, had an intimal tear, and a flap that caused complete occlusion. Graft replacement was carried out employing a 12-mm DeBakey woven dacron prosthesis, which restored satisfactory circulation to both lower limbs. The patient developed myoglobinemia and subsequently died due to multiple organ failure 19 days following the accident. Tearing against the vertebral column, and bowel loop entrapment, in high-speed deceleration have been implicated as injury mechanisms as well as impingement by the belt or metal buckle, in such injuries. Also, our patient had existing atheromatous plaque, which was ruptured. PMID- 3172313 TI - Neuromuscular dysfunction in burns and its relationship to burn size, hypermetabolism, and immunosuppression. AB - The etiology of neuromuscular (NM) dysfunction following burn injury has not been characterized. NM deficits, together with hypermetabolism and immunosuppression, are debilitating processes which play a key role in the morbidity and mortality of burned patients. This study examined the usefulness of the murine model to replicate clinically observed NM dysfunction. Systemic effects of graded increases in burn size were studied in the acute phase (3 weeks) of burn trauma. Metabolic rates, immune response to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), maximum tension developed by gastrocnemius muscle, and the response of its NM junction to d tubocurarine (dTc) were the parameters analyzed. Groups of male CF1 mice were given a 20%, 30%, and 50% total body surface area burn and compared to controls. By Day 21 postburn, all the burn groups showed elevated metabolic rates and immunosuppression to the inflammatory antigen DNFB. NM dysfunction evidenced as a significant depression of maximal tension development was observed in the 30% and 50% groups. A threefold increase in the effective dose (ED95) values of dTc was seen only in the 50% burn group. No NM junctional changes were seen in the 20% burn group. These findings are consistent with clinical observations. We conclude that the mouse is a useful model for evaluating NM dysfunction of burns. PMID- 3172315 TI - [Study on the radioprotection of thiols on mice]. PMID- 3172317 TI - [The structure and content of ambulatory family practice in a teaching hospital in Taiwan]. PMID- 3172318 TI - [A study of the accuracy of gross staging in the patients with gastric cancer]. PMID- 3172316 TI - [The ultrastructural study of acute gallstone pancreatitis]. PMID- 3172319 TI - [A clinical experience of plasma exchange in the treatment of severely complicated wasp stings--a case study]. PMID- 3172320 TI - Right paraduodenal hernia with acute abdominal symptoms--a case report and review of the literature. PMID- 3172322 TI - HIV and breastmilk: non-proven alarmism. PMID- 3172321 TI - [Nasal septal hemangioma of pregnancy]. PMID- 3172324 TI - Indicators for monitoring progress in maternal and child health care in Africa. PMID- 3172323 TI - Rapid microcomputer surveys. PMID- 3172325 TI - Factors affecting infant and child mortality in rural Sierra Leone. PMID- 3172326 TI - Attitudes, practices and knowledge of health professionals on breast feeding in Kingston, Jamaica. PMID- 3172327 TI - Growth and morbidity of breast-fed and artificially-fed infants in urban south Indian families. PMID- 3172329 TI - Breast-feeding patterns and socioeconomic status in the city of Sao Paulo. PMID- 3172328 TI - Antibiotic susceptibility and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Malaysian children. PMID- 3172331 TI - News from the regions--newsletter from Brazil. PMID- 3172330 TI - Some factors influencing the time of lactation. PMID- 3172332 TI - The components of the mid-upper arm girth. PMID- 3172333 TI - Growth hormone (GH) and somatomedin c (SM-C) in Venezuelan boys. PMID- 3172334 TI - Environmental and socio-economic factors and prevalence of gastroenteritis among children under the age of 5 years in Nsukka, Nigeria. PMID- 3172336 TI - Characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of Pichinde virus. AB - The synthesis of viral proteins and S RNAs in cells infected with 12 temperature sensitive (ts) mutants of Pichinde virus was characterized. The mutants could be divided into five groups on the basis of the patterns of radiolabeled proteins immunoprecipitated from infected-cell lysates. Markedly reduced nucleoprotein levels and undetectable amounts of glycoprotein precursor and L protein were synthesized at the nonpermissive temperature in cells infected with five of the mutants. Reduced but detectable amounts of the viral proteins were synthesized at the nonpermissive temperature in cells infected with a single mutant. Two mutants were associated with the intracellular accumulation of glycoprotein precursor, which was apparently not transported across the cell membrane in cells incubated at the nonpermissive temperature. The synthesis of viral proteins in cells infected with two mutants was indistinguishable from those produced by wild-type virus. Two additional mutants were associated with markedly reduced amounts of immunoprecipitable proteins in infected cells incubated at both the permissive and nonpermissive temperatures. Analysis of viral RNA with radiolabeled single stranded cDNA probes representing complementary and genomic-sense sequences corresponding to the 3' region of S RNA revealed two basic patterns of viral RNA synthesis. At the nonpermissive temperature, the synthesis of complementary- and genomic-sense sequences and mRNA of the S RNA segment was markedly reduced in cells infected with representative members of these mutant groups, suggesting the presence of mutations altering transcriptase activity. Viral-complementary- and genomic-sense sequence and RNA synthesis, as well as nucleoprotein mRNA in cells, was detected in reduced amounts for mutants associated with reduced levels of proteins at both temperatures. Interestingly, RNA species larger than the S RNA segment were detected in cells infected with some of the mutants, especially those with putative transcriptase lesions. These molecules suggest a possible oligomeric intermediate in the synthesis of S RNA of Pichinde virus. PMID- 3172335 TI - Identification of mouse adenovirus type 1 early region 1: DNA sequence and a conserved transactivating function. AB - The left end of the genome of mouse adenovirus type 1 (also known as strain FL) was characterized by determination of the DNA sequence, amino acid similarities with early region proteins of primate adenoviruses, and a functional assay. Several specific DNA sequence features were similar to those found in human adenoviruses, and open reading frames from this region could encode proteins similar to human adenovirus early region 1A and early region 1B proteins. DNAs from this region were tested in transient-expression assays in human and mouse cells were found to transactivate the human adenovirus type 5 early region 3 promoter fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. The data indicate structural and functional homologies between mouse adenovirus type 1 early region 1 and early region 1 of primate adenoviruses. PMID- 3172337 TI - Isolation and characterization of simian immunodeficiency virus from mandrills in Africa and its relationship to other human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. AB - Two isolates of simian retrovirus related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were obtained from apparently healthy mandrills, Papio (Mandrillus) sphinx, in western equatorial Africa. This virus, designated SIVMND (simian immunodeficiency virus from mandrills), appeared morphologically similar to HIV by electron microscopy, showed Mg2+-dependent reverse transcriptase activity, and induced cytopathic effect in human CD4-positive cells. Western blotting (immunoblotting) analyses revealed that the gag and pol products of SIVMND showed cross-reactivity with those of known HIVs and SIVs. Molecular clones covering full-length viral DNA were obtained from closed circular extrachromosomal DNA of SIVMND-infected cells. By clone-on-clone hybridization with known retroviruses of the HIV and SIV groups, SIVMND showed similar cross-hybridization with HIV-1, HIV 2, SIVAGM (African green monkey-derived SIV), and SIVMAC (rhesus macaque-derived SIV) in the gag and pol regions only at low stringency but not at high stringency, a result indicating that SIVMND is a new member of the HIV-SIV group. The existence of distinct SIVs in different monkey species suggest that recent interspecies transfer of HIV-SIV is unlikely in nature. PMID- 3172338 TI - Differences in cytopathogenicity and host cell range among infectious molecular clones of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 simultaneously isolated from an individual. AB - A cytopathic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolate containing multiple virus genotypes was molecularly cloned, and the biological activity of six randomly selected clones was assessed by transfection into human lymphoid or glial cell lines. Five infectious clones of HIV-1, termed N1T-A through -E, were isolated in this manner. Clones N1T-A, -B, -C, and -E could be distinguished by restriction endonuclease mapping whereas clones N1T-B and -D had identical maps with the enzymes used. Each clone exhibited a distinct host cell range as well as markedly different infection kinetics and cytopathogenic properties when tested in human cell lines of T-lymphocytic, monocytic, and astrocytic origin. In particular, infection with HIV-1 clone N1T-E was characterized by slow kinetics and lack of significant cytopathic effects in acutely and chronically infected cells. Clone N1T-A, similar to the parental isolate N1T, exhibited a wide host cell range, fast kinetics of infection, and high cytopathogenicity. These data indicate that HIV-infected individuals may carry multiple HIV-1 genotypes with distinct cytopathogenic potential and cell tropism. Analysis of virus isolates must take into account the contribution, or masking, of individual virus clones. PMID- 3172339 TI - Negative regulation of retrovirus expression in embryonal carcinoma cells mediated by an intragenic domain. AB - An intragenic region spanning the tRNA primer binding site of a Moloney murine leukemia virus recombinant retrovirus was found to restrict expression specifically in embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. When the inhibitory domain was present, the levels of steady-state RNA synthesized from integrated recombinant templates in stable cotransformation assays were reduced 20-fold in EC cells but not in C2 myoblast cells. Transient-cotransfection assays showed that repression of a template containing the EC-specific inhibitory component was relieved by an excess of specific competitor DNA. In addition, repression mediated by the inhibitory component was orientation independent. This evidence demonstrates the presence of a saturable, trans-acting negative regulatory factor(s) in EC cells and suggests that the interaction of the factor(s) with the intragenic inhibitory component occurs at the DNA level. PMID- 3172341 TI - Hepatitis B virus infection of adult human hepatocytes cultured in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide. AB - We investigated the possibility of infecting normal adult human hepatocytes maintained in pure cultures or in cocultures with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Several assays with different infectious sera and hepatocyte populations from various donors identified only limited HBV replication, with significant variations from one cell preparation to another. The addition of 1.5% dimethyl sulfoxide to the culture medium markedly enhanced the infection process. Indeed, hepatitis B e antigen secretion, the appearance of both HBV DNA replicative forms and major HBV transcripts, and the release of complete HBV particles into the medium were demonstrated. It is possible that the significant increase in intracellular HBV DNA in dimethyl sulfoxide-treated cells was related to enhanced adsorption of the virus. When viral particles produced by a transfected HepG2 cell line were used to infect normal hepatocytes, the same results were obtained. In addition, comparative assays with hepatocytes from three different donors showed that although high amounts of intracellular viral DNA were found in all cases, viral replicative intermediates were visualized in only one case. These findings suggest that this HBV-producing cell line could serve as a reproducible source of infectious virus and that primary culturing of human hepatocytes represents a unique tool for analyzing intracellular regulating factors which, in addition to the penetration step, modulate HBV replication. PMID- 3172340 TI - Simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys. AB - Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) was isolated from the total peripheral blood mononuclear cell population and the monocyte-macrophage adherent cell population of three seropositive green monkeys originating from Kenya. SIV from these African green monkeys (SIVagm) was isolated and continuously produced with the MOLT-4 clone 8 (M4C18) cell line but not with a variety of other cells including HUT-78, H9, CEM, MT-4, U937, and uncloned MOLT-4 cells. Once isolated, these SIVagm isolates were found to replicate efficiently in M4C18, SupT1, MT-4, U937, and Jurkat-T cells but much less efficiently if at all in HUT-78, H9, CEM, and MOLT-4 cells. The range of CD4+ cells fully permissive for replication of these SIVagm isolates thus differs markedly from that of previous SIV isolates from macaques (SIVmac). These SIVagm isolates had a morphogenesis and morphology like that of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other SIV isolates. Antigens of SIVagm and SIVmac cross-reacted by comparative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay only with reduced efficiency, and optimal results were obtained when homologous antibody and antigen were used. Western blotting (immunoblotting) of purified preparations of SIVagm isolate 385 (SIVagm385) revealed major viral proteins of 120, 27, and 16 kilodaltons (kDa). The presumed major core protein of 27 kDa cross-reacted antigenically with the corresponding proteins of SIVmac (28 kDa) and HIV-1 (24 kDa) by Western blotting. Hirt supernatant replicative-intermediate DNA prepared from cells freshly infected with SIVagm hybridized to SIVmac and HIV 2 DNA probes. Detection of cross-hybridizing DNA sequences, however, required very low stringency, and the restriction endonuclease fragmentation patterns of SIVagm were not similar to those of SIVmac and HIV-2. The nucleotide sequence of a portion of the pol gene of SIVagm385 revealed amino acid identities of 65% with SIVmac142, 64% with HIV-2ROD, and 56% with HIV-1BRU; SIVagm385 is thus related to but distinct from previously described primate lentiviruses SIVmac, HIV-1, and HIV-2. Precise information on the genetic makeup of these and other SIV isolates will possibly lead to better understanding of the history and evolution of these viruses and may provide insight into the origin of viruses that cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in humans. PMID- 3172342 TI - Transition from initiation to elongation in protein-primed phi 29 DNA replication: salt-dependent stimulation by the viral protein p6. AB - The transition step from the p3-dAMP initiation complex to the first elongated products, p3-(dAMP)2 and p3-(dAMP)3, requires a dATP concentration higher than that needed for the initiation reaction or for the further elongation of the p3 (dAMP)3 complex. The elongation in phi 29 DNA-protein p3 replication in vitro was strongly inhibited by salt. Under inhibitory salt concentration, the viral protein p6 greatly stimulated phi 29 DNA-protein p3 replication. The effect of protein p6 was not on the rate of elongation but on the amount of elongated product, stimulating the transition from initiation to formation of the first elongation products. PMID- 3172343 TI - Design of retrovirus vectors for transfer and expression of the human beta-globin gene. AB - Regulated expression of the human beta-globin gene has been demonstrated in cultured murine erythroleukemia cells and in mice after retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. However, the low titer of recombinant viruses described to date results in relatively inefficient gene transfer, which limits their usefulness for animal studies and for potential gene therapy in humans for diseases involving defective beta-globin genes. We found regions that interfered with virus production within intron 2 of the beta-globin gene and on both sides of the gene. The flanking regions could be removed, but intron 2 was required for beta-globin expression. Inclusion of beta-globin introns necessitates an antisense orientation of the gene within the retrovirus vector. However, we found no effect of the antisense beta-globin transcription on virus production. A region downstream of the beta globin gene that stimulates expression of the gene in transgenic mice was included in the viruses without detrimental effects on virus titer. Virus titers of over 10(6) CFU/ml were obtained with the final vector design, which retained the ability to direct regulated expression of human beta-globin in murine erythroleukemia cells. The vector also allowed transfer and expression of the human beta-globin gene in hematopoietic cells (CFU-S cells) in mice. PMID- 3172344 TI - Different mechanisms account for the relative resistance of KG-1 and HL-60 cell lines to retrovirus infection. AB - I infected three different human leukemic cell lines (K562, KG-1, and HL-60) with an amphotropic retrovirus vector (designated PA317/N2) which confers G418 resistance and contains the Moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat. Compared with K562 cells, both KG-1 and HL-60 cells were relatively resistant to infection with this retrovirus vector. In HL-60 cells, this resistance appeared to result from diminished viral DNA synthesis, while in KG-1 cells there was a block to the genomic integration of the viral DNA. PMID- 3172345 TI - Retinoic acid-induced differentiation of retrovirus-infected HL-60 cells is associated with enhanced transcription from the viral long terminal repeat. AB - I infected different human leukemic cell lines with an amphotropic retrovirus vector (designated PA317/N2) which confers G418 resistance and contains the Moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat. In retrovirus-infected G418 resistant HL-60 cells, induction of granulocyte differentiation by retinoic acid was invariably accompanied by a marked increase (5- to 10-fold) in the transcriptional activity of the integrated retroviral long terminal repeat. PMID- 3172346 TI - Structure, distribution, and expression of an ancient murine endogenous retroviruslike DNA family. AB - An endogenous retroviruslike DNA, B-26, was cloned from a BALB/c mouse embryo gene library by using a generalized murine leukemia virus DNA probe. Southern blot hybridization and nucleotide sequence analyses indicated that B-26 DNA might be a novel member of the GLN DNA family (A. Itin and E. Keshet, J. Virol. 59:301 307, 1986) which contains murine leukemia virus-related pol and env sequences. Northern analysis indicated that B-26-related RNAs of 8.4 and 3.0 kilobases were transcribed in thymus, spleen, brain, and liver tissues of 6-week-old BALB/c mice. PMID- 3172347 TI - Sequence and genetic organization of adenovirus type 35 early region 3. AB - The early transcription region 3 (E3) of group B adenovirus type 35 (Ad35), a serotype isolated primarily from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and other immunodeficiency disorders, has been partially sequenced. We had previously identified an Ad35 29-kilodalton (kDa) early glycoprotein which, analogous to group C Ad2 E3-19K, associated with major histocompatibility complex class I antigens in the endoplasmic reticulum of infected cells. The open reading frame (ORF) of the Ad35 29-kDa protein has now been identified within a 2 kilobase-pair cloned Ad35 E3 fragment. The predicted amino acid sequence was very similar to that of group B Ad3 E3-19K. In contrast, homology between the Ad35 and Ad2 glycoproteins was limited to five cysteines in identical positions and a 20 amino-acid region proximal to the transmembrane domain. In addition, 20.3- and 20.6-kDa ORFs have been identified downstream from the ORF for the Ad35 glycoprotein. Analogous 20-kDa ORFs are present in the Ad3 E3 region but are not present in Ad2 and Ad5. In contrast, the region analogous to an Ad2 11.6-kDa ORF, which is 9 kDa in size in Ad3, was absent from the expected position within the Ad35 E3 region. Because the E3 region is likely to play an important role in the interaction between virus and host, analysis of the function of the Ad35 E3 proteins should further our understanding of adenovirus pathogenesis. PMID- 3172348 TI - Prostatic suppuration and destruction in patients with myelodysplasia: a newly recognized entity. AB - Prostatic abscess is an unusual occurrence in the era of modern antibiotics. In 5 patients with myelodysplasia extravasation of contrast material to the boundaries of the prostate was noted on voiding cystourethrography. All patients were adolescents who, with varying degrees of compliance, had managed the neurogenic bladder with intermittent catheterization since childhood. All patients had chronic urinary tract infections. In 2 patients subjected to transurethral resection the prostatic parenchyma was completely replaced by the suppurative process. Neither patient demonstrated much clinical improvement after resection. The possible etiological factors and various therapeutic options are discussed for the previously unreported condition of chronic prostatic abscess in myelomeningocele patients. PMID- 3172349 TI - Nephrocolic fistula complicating percutaneous nephrostolithotomy. AB - The nonoperative management of a nephrocolic fistula that resulted from percutaneous nephrostolithotomy is reported. Adequate urinary drainage, removal of the nephrostomy tube, use of an elemental diet and antibiotic coverage are advocated. PMID- 3172350 TI - Colonic mucosal ecchymoses after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for upper ureteral calculus. AB - Bright red blood was found in stool immediately following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy with 2,700 shock waves to a right upper ureteral calculus beside an indwelling Double-J stent. The vital signs remained stable and bleeding did not recur. Colonoscopy revealed small areas of mucosal ecchymoses in the ascending colon. To our knowledge this effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has not been reported previously. There is no evidence as yet that these ecchymoses are of any clinical significance for most patients. PMID- 3172351 TI - Ureteral obstruction secondary to a vena caval clip. PMID- 3172352 TI - Hypogastric artery aneurysm causing microscopic hematuria. AB - Aneurysms of the hypogastric artery are rare. Most of the lesions are discovered incidentally but occasionally they produce urinary symptoms or rupture unexpectedly. We report a case of an isolated hypogastric artery aneurysm that caused painless microscopic hematuria. The natural history of these lesions and the surgical options are discussed briefly. PMID- 3172353 TI - Eosinophilic sclerosing lipogranuloma of the male genitalia not caused by exogenous lipids. AB - A type of sclerosing lipogranuloma of the male genitalia that is different from cases caused by injection or application of foreign bodies is reported in 4 patients. The characteristics of the disease are a symmetrical Y-shape of the granuloma, spontaneous regression, severe infiltration of eosinophils in the granuloma, eosinophilia of the peripheral blood and absence of any exogenous lipids by chemical analyses of the granuloma tissue. Ultrastructural study showed intracytoplasmic fat vacuoles of varied size in histiocytes and multinuclear giant cells. This is a new type of sclerosing lipogranuloma of the male genitalia and the pathogenesis of the disease is still unknown. PMID- 3172354 TI - Hypocalcemia associated with estrogen therapy for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. AB - We report 2 cases of true hypocalcemia (not caused by decreased binding proteins) associated with metastatic prostate cancer and review previously reported cases. Hypocalcemia is a common but frequently unrecognized complication of prostatic cancer. Estrogen therapy often is associated with the hypocalcemia, which may be asymptomatic. The hypocalcemia is always associated with osteoblastic metastases and usually it is associated with increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity, acid phosphatase activity and serum parathyroid hormone concentration. Serum concentrations of magnesium, phosphorus and vitamin D frequently are decreased. Patients are in a positive calcium balance. The osteoblastic metastases seem to act as a calcium sink, creating a "hungry tumor phenomenon". The role of estrogens may be to stop the resorption of normal bone resulting in lower serum calcium concentrations. PMID- 3172355 TI - Renal infarction associated with anti-phospholipid antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus and "lupus-like" disease. PMID- 3172356 TI - The relationship of circulating antisperm antibodies to sperm surface antibodies in infertile men. AB - The correlation between the amount and location of antisperm antibody binding to the sperm surface and the level measured in the serum has not been previously reported. Hence, the value and limitations of screening blood sera from men with suspected immunologic infertility are not currently known. In this study 70 paired sera and semen samples were assayed by the immunobead test (IBT). A screening protocol for blood sera was constructed to be 100% sensitive for detecting semen specimens with 20% or more of sperm binding IgG or IgA immunobeads. The specificity of this screening protocol was determined to be 79%. Serum IgA was not a good predictor of IgA on the sperm surface. The true positive predictive rate for antisperm antibodies on the sperm surface using circulating antisperm antibodies as a screening assay was estimated to be as low as 35%. There was little correlation between the site of immunobead binding following passive antibody transfer from patients' sera to donor sperm and the site of naturally occurring antibodies on the patients' sperm surface. Although direct assessment of antibodies on the sperm surface is preferred, these data suggest that serum IgG alone can be used as a sensitive screening assay for antisperm antibodies in men. A positive screen dictates that a direct assay on semen should be performed. PMID- 3172357 TI - A human seminal plasma protein blocks the motility of human spermatozoa. AB - An inhibitor of the motility of demembranated spermatozoa has been shown to be present in human seminal plasma. This seminal plasma motility inhibitor (SPMI) was purified to apparent homogeneity and tested on intact human spermatozoa. Motility parameters of spermatozoa incubated with the sperm motility inhibitor were evaluated with the video automated Cell Soft system. SPMI decreased the percentage of motile spermatozoa in a dose-dependent manner and motility was completely blocked in the presence of 1600 units/ml. Sperm velocity and beat/cross frequency showed a similar progressive decrease as the inhibitor was augmented. However, linearity was essentially not affected. The effects of SPMI on the percentage of motile spermatozoa increased with the time of contact between the inhibitor and spermatozoa. After 120 min., the IC50 was 35% lower than that observed at five min. The presence of seminal plasma did not prevent the inhibitory effects of the seminal plasma factor on sperm motility parameters. On the contrary, a potentiating effects was observed. The data suggest that the SPMI could play a significant role in cases of infertility caused by asthenospermia. PMID- 3172358 TI - The role of androgens and estrogens in the pathogenesis of experimental nonbacterial prostatitis. AB - The etiology and pathogenesis of nonbacterial prostatitis remains unclear. This study provides evidence that genetic background, advancing age, and hormonal imbalance are important etiologic factors for prostatitis in rats. It also demonstrates that Lewis and Wistar rats develop a spontaneous nonbacterial prostatitis with advancing age, making them good animal models for the laboratory investigation of this disease. Spontaneous nonbacterial prostatitis is much more common in Lewis rats (72%) than in Wistar rats (27%, p less than .05), and does not occur in Sprague-Dawley rats. The incidence of spontaneous prostatitis is significantly higher in older animals than in younger animals (72% old adult Lewis rats vs. 30% young adult Lewis rats, p less than .05). Administration of exogenous 17 beta-estradiol increases the incidence and severity of prostatitis in old Wistar rats (100% treated vs. 27% control, p less than .01). Castration has a similar effect. Testosterone can block the effect of estradiol on prostatitis, however treatment with an anti-estrogen or an aromatase inhibitor to block estrogen action does not improve prostatitis in the rat. The major finding of this study is the demonstration that severe prostatitis can be induced in young adult Wistar rats by neonatal treatment with 17 beta-estradiol followed several months later in adulthood by testosterone administration. The results of this study suggest that genetic background, advancing age, and hormonal imbalance contribute to the pathogenesis of nonbacterial prostatitis in rats. PMID- 3172359 TI - Immunoreactive arginine vasopressin (AVP) and effects of AVP in the human vas deferens. AB - Immunoreactive (IR) arginine vasopressin (AVP) was found to occur in the epididymal part of the human vas deferens. Segments from nine different subjects all contained IR-AVP in concentrations ranging from 37 to 717 fmol/gm. wet weight, concentrations severalfold higher than those normally found in the circulation. IR-AVP was shown by high performance liquid chromatography to elute in the same position as synthetic AVP. AVP added to isolated preparations of the human vas deferens induced concentration-related repetitive phasic contractions without significant changes of baseline tension. These contractions seemed to be mediated via stimulation of vasopressin V1-receptors and were abolished in the presence of vasopressin antagonists. Contractions induced by electrical field stimulation were frequency-dependent and sensitive to tetrodotoxin and prazosin. They were not affected by the vasopressin antagonists used. AVP increased the response to electrical field stimulation and this effect was inhibited by vasopressin antagonists. The results suggest either that circulating AVP is taken up and accumulated by the human vas deferens, and/or that AVP is synthesized locally. They do not suggest co-release of AVP and noradrenaline from nerve endings. The physiological role of the AVP occurring in the human vas deferens remains to be established. PMID- 3172361 TI - The subrenal capsule: an alternative site for the maintenance of normal and preneoplastic urothelium. AB - Implantation of normal bladder mucosa beneath the kidney capsule of a syngeneic animal, results in a heterotopic bladder lined by a one to three cell layer of urothelium. This cystic structure can be maintained for greater than 90 days and displays many of the differentiation characteristics of a normal bladder, both at the light and electron microscopy level. Preneoplastic urothelial cells behave in a similar manner recreating a heterotopic bladder lined by urothelium displaying aberrant differentiation and surface morphology. All tumorigenic cell lines tested in this model produced solid tumor growth within a few weeks. The subrenal capsule represents an alternative site for the reconstitution of urothelial material at different stages of neoplastic progression. PMID- 3172360 TI - Uptake of estramustine phosphate (estracyt) metabolites in prostatic cancer. AB - Plasma and tumour concentrations of estramustine, estromustine, estradiol and estrone, the major metabolites of estramustine phosphate (estracyt), were determined in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated between one and nine years with repeated oral doses of estracyt (560 to 840 mg./day). The last dose was given 12 to 16 hours before sampling. The binding of radioactive estramustine and estromustine was determined in the tumour tissue to examine the possible role of estramustine-binding protein for the accumulation of these metabolites into the tumour. Comparison was made with benign prostate hyperplastic tissue from untreated patients. Estromustine was the main metabolite in plasma as well as in the tumour (range 235 to 450 and 205 to 485 ng./gm., respectively), whereas estramustine (20 to 45; 95 to 370), estrone (62 to 140; 63 to 160) and estradiol (8 to 15; 7 to 36) were found in lower concentrations. Interestingly the concentration of estramustine was as an average six times higher in the tumour than in plasma contrasting with the other metabolites which were present in equal amounts of the two localities. Binding of 3H-estramustine and 3H-estromustine was two to three times higher in the tumour than in benign hyperplastic tissue and negligible in plasma samples. The present study is the first where substantial amounts of cytotoxically active estramustine and estromustine are demonstrated in tumour tissue from estracyt treated patients. Our findings suggest a mechanism for selective uptake of these metabolites in prostatic cancer (estramustine binding protein). The uptake and binding of estramustine and estromustine in the tumour may account for the clinical effects of estracyt in prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 3172362 TI - End stage renal disease associated with acquired cystic disease and neoplasia. AB - Acquired renal cystic disease is a recently recognized disease entity that primarily afflicts patients on chronic hemodialysis. The incidence of acquired renal cystic disease in patients with end stage renal disease ranges from 30 to 95 per cent. The major complications of acquired renal cystic disease appear to be neoplasia and hemorrhage. Neoplasia has been demonstrated in up to 45 per cent of all end stage kidneys with acquired cystic disease. Our surgical experience with 7 cases of end stage renal disease is reported. Acquired renal cystic disease was noted in 4 of the 7 cases (57 per cent) and renal neoplasia was evident in all 7. Worldwide experience to date in combined pathology and radiology series of patients undergoing hemodialysis demonstrates that acquired cystic disease, "tumor" (usually adenoma or oncocytoma) and renal carcinoma occur at respective rates of 47.1, 4.8 and 1.5 per cent. Since the pathologist will detect more tumors and cysts than the radiologist, these figures probably are an underestimate of the true incidence. Long-term surveillance of patients harboring end stage kidneys is recommended beginning with a baseline ultrasound. PMID- 3172364 TI - Pressure-controlled hydraulic dilation of the ureter: "one-step" ureteroscopy. AB - A controlled pressure pump was used to dilate the ureteral orifice hydraulically with irrigant flow through the ureteroscope in 50 ureters in 48 patients. The method was successful in all but 1 patient, who had a dense, fibrotic intramural segment that required extensive ureteral meatotomy before the instrument could be inserted. All subsequent procedures (stone removal, relief of obstruction or diagnostic evaluation) were successful, and there were no cases of sepsis or signs of excessive intraureteral or intrapelvic pressure. Hydraulic dilation drastically reduced the time required for ureteroscopy and probably reduced the frequency of complications. Details of the technique and the precautions are provided. PMID- 3172365 TI - Balloon dilation of the ureter for ureteroscopy. AB - Balloon dilation catheters have been used extensively for percutaneous transluminal dilation of vascular narrowings. A recent urological application has been the use of a balloon to dilate acutely the normal ureteral orifice and intramural ureter for the purpose of performing transurethral ureteroscopy. Complications of balloon dilation may result if over inflation and bursting of the balloon occur followed by ureteral injury. We report the pressure needed to dilate the ureter adequately in 122 patients during an 18-month period. Adequate dilation was achieved in 93 patients (78 per cent) at pressures of 8 atmospheres or less, while 27 (22 per cent) required more than 10 atmospheres of pressure. Balloon dilation was not satisfactory in 2 patients (2 per cent) but it was accomplished by metal bougies. Our results confirm the safety and efficiency of balloon dilation to facilitate ureteroscopy. Important safeguards when using this method include the use of balloons designed specifically for ureteral dilation, slow balloon inflation to allow for ureteral accommodation and the use of fluoroscopy to judge the end point of dilation. PMID- 3172363 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis: nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy studied by flow cytometry. AB - Nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy analysis by flow cytometry was performed successfully on 109 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. Tumor tissues were from patients who were operated upon between 1960 and 1975, so that long-term clinical followup was available. There were good correlations among deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy pattern and histological grade, pathological stage and clinical outcome. For high grade, high stage tumors deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy pattern provided no additional prognostically important information. However, for the more common low grade, low stage tumors the occasional detection of deoxyribonucleic acid aneuploidy patterns identified an important subgroup of patients who experienced significantly poorer survival. PMID- 3172366 TI - Safety and efficacy of electrohydraulic lithotripsy by ureteroscopy. AB - Electrohydraulic lithotripsy, when performed blindly for ureteral calculi in the past, resulted in frequent ureteral perforation and, therefore, it was considered to be unsafe. A total of 33 patients from 5 institutions underwent electrohydraulic lithotripsy for ureteral calculi under direct vision. There were only 3 minor ureteral perforations treated by ureteral catheter drainage. All patients were free of stones after treatment and there were no long-term complications. Electrohydraulic lithotripsy by ureteroscopy is considered to be a safe and effective method for fragmentation and removal of large ureteral calculi. PMID- 3172367 TI - Comparison of transurethral resection to radical therapies for stage B bladder tumors. AB - We evaluated the survival rate and time to recurrence for 114 patients in whom an initial histological diagnosis of stage B1 or B2 bladder tumor was made between 1974 and 1983. The 5-year survival rates for stages B1 and B2 disease, respectively, were 63 and 38 per cent in 43 patients treated by transurethral resection alone, 48 and 54 per cent in 40 treated by preoperative radiation and radical cystectomy, 33 and 25 per cent in 15 treated by radical cystectomy alone, and 53 and 11 per cent in 16 treated by definitive radiation therapy alone. Similar results were found among the groups with regard to time to development of metastases. The distribution of stage, grade and number of tumors was not significantly different among the treatment groups. Patients in the transurethral resection group were older, and had smaller tumors and more medical problems. Comparing transurethral resection of muscle invasive bladder tumors to standard radical surgery with or without radiotherapy yielded comparable long-term survival and time to distant recurrence. PMID- 3172368 TI - Sachse optical urethrotomy, a modified technique: 6 years of experience. AB - Urethrotomy with the Sachse optical urethrotome has radically modified our management of strictures of the male urethra. A total of 143 patients underwent 210 procedures during 6 years. The strictures resolved in 85 per cent of the patients and they required no further treatment, including 52 patients followed for more than 6 years. A modified surgical technique using a pediatric cystoscope is described to inspect, traverse and cannulate the urethral stricture before optical urethrotomy, thus, enabling successful management of even the most difficult strictures. Our results confirm that the best prospects of cure were short and single urethral strictures, and that optical urethrotomy is the treatment of choice for strictures of the male urethra. PMID- 3172369 TI - Is phentolamine stable in solution with papaverine. AB - Although the intracorporeal injection of mixtures of phentolamine and papaverine is used commonly in the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction, pharmacological data relating to the stability of such drug mixtures are lacking. The stability of phentolamine mesylate in aqueous solution and in solution with papaverine (0.83 mg. per cc phentolamine and 25 mg. per cc papaverine) was ascertained by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. No degradation of phentolamine occurred during 40 days whether the drug or drug combination was refrigerated or stored at room temperature. Phentolamine is stable for at least 40 days when mixed with papaverine. PMID- 3172370 TI - Intracavernous self-injection for impotence: a long-term therapeutic option? Experience in 78 patients. AB - A total of 78 patients 17 to 84 years old reported their experience via questionnaire with the papaverine-phentolamine injection technique for impotence. The mean number of injections used was 30.7. Penile induration occurred in 13 patients (16 per cent) and it was generally of limited extent. A higher incidence of induration was observed in those with vasculogenic impotence. Prolonged erection was reported by 23 per cent of the patients, 8 per cent of whom experienced erection for more than 12 hours. Priapism occurred exclusively in diabetic patients and patients with a neurological etiology of impotence. A total of 22 per cent of the patients reported moderate to severe pain with injection, 35 per cent indicated decreased quality of erection with time in response to the vasoactive agents and 28 per cent believed this therapy to be unsatisfactory. Among those who discontinued the injections 5 cited variability of erectile response (duration or quality) as the reason for discontinuation. A decrease in the effectiveness of the injections with time may be anticipated among some patients. For patients who face a penile implant without other options penile self-injection with vasoactive drugs is a reasonable alternative in that complications do not prevent successful prosthetic implantation. PMID- 3172371 TI - The use of a vacuum constrictor device to augment a partial erection following an intracavernous injection. AB - Intracavernous injections and vacuum constrictor devices have been used for the nonoperative management of impotence and sexual dysfunction. Although most men are able to use these methods successfully, it currently is well known that up to 30 to 35 per cent of the patients may have only a partial response to the injections. We observed 22 men with partial tumescence after an intracavernous injection of papaverine (15 to 30 mg.) and phentolamine (0.5 to 1.0 mg.). The penis was not rigid and the buckling pressures never exceeded 50 mm. Hg after 20 minutes of observation. In each case we immediately applied a vacuum constrictor device because these devices had been used successfully by other men with similar diagnoses. A total of 21 men responded within 30 to 60 seconds and achieved a rigid erection with buckling pressures of greater than 100 mm. Hg (16) and 60 mm. Hg (5). These findings indicate that a vacuum constrictor device may be used to augment a partial response to an intracavernous injection and that the availability of injections and vacuum constrictor devices provides these men with a more complete nonoperative program. PMID- 3172372 TI - Experience with 105 patients with priapism: update review of all aspects. AB - A 26-year experience with all aspects of priapism is reviewed in 105 children and adults. The etiology of the priapism was idiopathic or drug-induced, or owing to sickle cell disease, trauma, neoplasia, leukemia, papaverine-phentolamine injections and total parenteral alimentation. The pathophysiology of prolonged erection is discussed. Treatment is reviewed in respect to initial studies before the type of shunting procedure required is selected. Various shunt techniques are presented with outcome. Complications and their possible causes are discussed, and the importance of medicolegal risk is emphasized. Impotence is a common sequela of priapism. PMID- 3172373 TI - Complications of penile prostheses in the spinal cord injury population. AB - A total of 63 spinal cord injury patients underwent penile implantation. Followup ranged from 6 months to 11 years (average 41 months). A semirigid device was used in 53 patients with complications dictating loss of the prosthesis in 17 (33 per cent). The most common complication was spontaneous erosion and most of these occurred after 6 months. Of the 17 patients 8 underwent reimplantation with loss of the prosthesis in 3. Ten patients received an inflatable penile prosthesis and 4 of these were lost. Of the 4 uninfected patients 2 underwent successful reimplantation. Overall, the complication rate in the 63 patients was 33 per cent. After reimplantation 52 of the 63 patients have a functional device, resulting in an ultimate success rate of 82 per cent. In conclusion, penile prostheses have greatly benefited spinal cord injury patients with problems such as sexual dysfunction, maintenance of external appliances and decreasing the rate of skin lacerations. However, these benefits must be weighed against a significant complication rate. PMID- 3172374 TI - Renal effects of dopamine in vascular surgical patients. AB - Low-dose dopamine (DA) is often used in surgical patients to induce diuresis when appropriate volume replacement is unsuccessful. Despite wide application, there are little objective data supporting any beneficial effects on renal hemodynamics in this patient population. To better define the response to dopamine in the clinical setting, we studied the renal effects of low-dose DA in 13 patients having vascular surgery. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF) were measured by inulin and p-aminohippurate clearance, respectively. Group I (n = 8) included patients in stable condition after operation who were administered intravenous DA, 0.5 micrograms/kg/min, for 2 hours. RBF significantly increased from 579 +/- 85 to 726 +/- 114 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p less than 0.05). Increases were also observed in GFR (95.0 +/- 10.9 to 107 +/- 15.7 ml/min/1.73 m2), sodium excretion (164 +/- 35 to 239 +/- 53 mu Eq/min), and osmolar excretion (709 +/- 78 to 866 +/- 93 mu Osm/min). There were no changes in urine output (2.17 +/- 0.36 to 2.49 +/- 0.43 ml/min). Group II (n = 5) consisted of patients having abdominal aortic surgery who were treated with DA, 2.0 micrograms/kg/min, before and after surgery. Increases in RBF were seen in both the preoperative period (414 +/- 59 to 659 +/- 96 ml/min/1.73 m2, p less than 0.01) and postoperative period (439 +/- 60 to 623 +/- 94 ml/min/1.73 m2, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172375 TI - The impact of renal fusion and ectopia on aortic surgery. AB - This article is concerned with observations in 17 patients with renal fusion and ectopic abnormalities: horseshoe kidney in 13 patients, crossed ectopia with fusion in two, pancake kidney in one, and pelvic kidney in one. Three patients had occlusive disease, one may have had renal artery occlusion, and 13 had aneurysms--three thoracoabdominal and 10 infrarenal. Rupture of aneurysm had occurred in one patient at each level and six patients had had one or more previous attempts at aneurysmal removal. Diagnosis and evaluation were made with the aid of intravenous pyelography, retrograde pyelography, CT scanning, and at operation (three patients). Three patients had two normally located right and left renal arteries. Twelve patients had one to three additional aberrant arteries arising from the aorta and iliac arteries. One patient's renal blood supply arose from multiple aberrant arteries. Ureters crossed the midline in two patients. Treatment of occlusive disease consisted of endarterectomy in one patient and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in two. Aneurysms were treated by graft replacement with retroperitoneal exposure in seven patients and transabdominal exposure in six. One patient was treated medically. Renal isthmus division was employed in only two patients and involved accessory arteries were reattached to the grafts in all cases. Death from myocardial infarction occurred in two patients (12%). Eleven patients subjected to operation were alive 6 months to 14 years later. PMID- 3172376 TI - Mesoaortic compression of the left renal vein (the so-called nutcracker syndrome): repair by a new stenting procedure. AB - Compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta has been termed the nutcracker syndrome. Although often asymptomatic, this syndrome may result in varicocele, ovarian vein syndrome, and rarely LRV hypertension, pelviureteral varices, hematuria, and flank pain. Previous surgical approaches have included nephrectomy, variceal ligation, nephropexy, or renocaval reimplantation. We report a new LRV stenting procedure that provided relief for a young woman incapacitated by daily left flank pain and microscopic hematuria. Phlebography of the LRV revealed mesoaortic compression associated with a pressure gradient of 12 mm Hg and preferential outflow down large pelviureteral varices. At operation compression of the LRV was corrected with an external stent of reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene. The patient was asymptomatic and free of hematuria for 9 months after operation and follow-up phlebography documented normal renocaval flow, elimination of the pressure gradient, and reduction of the pelviureteral varices. This represents the first description in the vascular surgical literature of this venous compression syndrome, which has been recognized in previous urologic and radiologic reports reviewed herein. Vascular surgeons should be cognizant of the nutcracker syndrome, and we recommend this new stenting procedure as a more simple and physiologic therapy than previous approaches to this problem. PMID- 3172377 TI - Assessment of transmural force during application of vascular occlusive devices. AB - An in vivo system was established whereby the transmural forces exerted across the arterial wall during vascular occlusion were directly measured. Evaluation of various currently available vascular occlusive devices was conducted and transmural force transmission data were recorded. The clamps were classified according to their mechanical design characteristics. The magnitude of force required to obtain cessation of distal flow varied significantly among devices of differing mechanical design but correlated well when compared with clamps of similar design. This information was then compared with graded analysis of the degree of intimal injury created by these specific devices as assessed with scanning electron microscopy. The amount of transmural force exerted by each individual device correlated with the grade of intimal injury created by that device. We conclude that fundamental clamp design dictates the magnitude of applied transmural force, that force and the vectors of the application of that force are directly responsible for the degree of resultant intimal injury, and that the intima appears to possess an injury threshold of approximately 5 x 10(4) dynes/cm2. Intimal injury may determine success or failure of vascular surgical procedures; therefore it is prudent to seek the least traumatic means of vascular occlusion. PMID- 3172379 TI - Bypasses to plantar arteries and other tibial branches: an extended approach to limb salvage. AB - During the past 6 years, we have encountered 24 cases in which all major infrapopliteal arteries were occluded as determined by adequate preoperative angiography. Each patient initially had critical ischemia, 14 had a previous failed ipsilateral distal bypass, and seven had an unsuccessful lumbar sympathectomy. Instead of resorting to an amputation, we attempted to perform a bypass using patent branches of distal vessels. Of the 24 bypasses, 14 were to the lateral or medial plantar branches, three were to the deep plantar branch (plantar arch), three were to the lateral tarsal branch, and four were to unnamed branches of the proximal one third of the posterior tibial arteries (two) or anterior tibial arteries (two). All bypasses were performed with reversed saphenous vein with origins at or distal to the superficial femoral artery. Eight bypasses (four plantar and four unnamed branches) became thrombosed up to 30 months postoperatively, resulting in four below-knee amputations. Fifteen bypasses (all plantar branches) have been patent from 6 to 52 months (mean 26 +/- 13 months). The remaining patient required a below-knee amputation at 2 months despite a patent graft. These results underscore the value of this extended approach to limb salvage in situations previously believed to be indications for major amputations. Although bypasses to unnamed branches of the proximal tibial arteries did not fare well, those to the plantar branches and lateral tarsal branch resulted in excellent graft patency and limb salvage. PMID- 3172378 TI - One-stage versus two-stage amputation for wet gangrene of the lower extremity: a randomized study. AB - Although the two-stage amputation technique entails an additional operation, several authors have advocated this approach to deal with wet gangrene because it allows primary wound closure with a reduced chance of wound infection. To examine this issue, 47 patients with necrotizing wet gangrene of the foot were randomized prospectively to receive either a one-stage amputation (definitive below- or above-knee amputation with delayed secondary skin closure in 3 to 5 days) or a two-stage amputation (open ankle guillotine amputation followed by definitive, closed below- or above-knee amputation). Antibiotic coverage was standardized with clindamycin and gentamicin used in all patients. Preoperative blood cultures and intraoperative foot cultures were obtained, as well as cultures from the deep muscle and lymphatic area along the saphenous vein to determine the presence of bacteria at the level of initial amputation. Twenty-four patients (11 diabetic and 13 nondiabetic) were randomized to the one-stage procedure. Twenty-three patients (14 diabetic and nine nondiabetic) were randomized to the two-stage procedure. Five of 24 patients in the one-stage group (21%) had positive muscle cultures vs 10 of 23 patients in the two-stage group (43%). Two of 24 patients in the one-stage group (8%) had positive lymphatic cultures vs 7 of 23 patients in the two-stage group (30%). Five of 24 patients in the one-stage group (21%) had wound complications attributable to the amputation technique vs none of 23 patients in the two-stage group (p = 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172380 TI - Use of autologous spiral vein grafts for vascular reconstructions in contaminated fields. AB - Vascular reconstructions in heavily contaminated fields can be particularly challenging. Prosthetic grafts are rarely suitable because of the risk of infection, but the saphenous vein is usually too small for isodiametric replacement of large arteries and veins. Although surgeons rarely consider the use of spiral vein grafts, they may occasionally be the ideal autogenous vascular replacement because they can be tailored to fit a vessel of any size. We report the use of spiral vein grafts in three patients requiring vascular reconstructions in the presence of heavy bacterial contamination. PMID- 3172381 TI - Carotid endarterectomy in patients with territorial transient ischemic attacks. AB - Results are presented of a retrospective analysis of 651 carotid endarterectomies in 605 patients with carotid territorial transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). All operations were performed by the same surgeon in a community hospital from 1963 to 1986. Arteriographic findings consisted of carotid stenosis of 50% or greater in 88.5% of patients and stenosis less than 50% and/or an ulcerated plaque in the remaining 11.5%. Medical risk factors were detected in 92% of patients; hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, and coronary atherosclerosis were most prevalent. All operative procedures were conducted with the patients under general anesthesia, routine shunting, and arterial closure without a patch. The perioperative stroke rate was 1.5% (10 patients); the morality rate was 0.8% (three deaths from myocardial infarction and two from stroke) for a combined stroke and mortality rate of 2.0% (13 of 605 patients). Follow-up (mean 61.8 months) was possible in 570 (96%) of the patients surviving operation without a perioperative stroke. The cumulative probability of late stroke (i.e., cerebral infarct ipsilateral to the operated artery) was 2.5% at 5 years and 8.1% at 10 years. When the perioperative stroke-mortality rate (2.0%) is combined with the data for late ipsilateral stroke, the 5- and 10-year probabilities of ipsilateral stroke were 4.5% and 9.9%, respectively (mean 1% per year for 10-year period). Coronary atherosclerosis accounted for 43% of late deaths and 16% of strokes. The perioperative stroke-mortality rate of 2.0% in this group of patients falls within the acceptable range for carotid endarterectomy in patients with TIA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172382 TI - Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis on the side contralateral to endarterectomy. A comparison between patients with and those without operation. AB - From May 1974 to October 1983, 82 patients with severe bilateral carotid disease had unilateral carotid endarterectomy (CE) on the symptomatic side (group I). The carotid artery contralateral to the endarterectomy was severely stenosed (lumen diameter reduction 51% up to 99%) and it was not repaired for different reasons. Group I patients were compared with 78 patients who had bilateral CE (group II), matched with group I for associated diseases, operative indication, and angiographic findings. In this analysis, only neurologic deficits referable to the contralateral hemisphere were considered. There was a higher incidence of later neurologic deficits in the group I patients; however, this difference was not statistically significant. In group I, the occurrence of late neurologic deficits was statistically correlated to (1) severity of stenosis, (2) presence of large compound ulceration, and (3) history of previous stroke. Stepwise logistic regression analysis identified two groups of patients at higher risk for late neurologic deficits (1) patients with stenosis 75% or greater and large ulceration and (2) patients with stenosis 75% or greater and previous stroke. CE on the asymptomatic contralateral side should be considered in selected patients at high risk for late neurologic events at a surgical center with an established low incidence of perioperative complications. A nonoperative policy with careful follow-up is warranted in the remaining cases. PMID- 3172384 TI - Vein compression by arterial aneurysms. AB - This study was done to emphasize the importance of early, accurate diagnosis of arterial aneurysms that show the symptoms of venous obstruction. Fourteen patients were identified as having atherosclerotic aneurysms producing venous compression. Nine patients had popliteal aneurysms, causing popliteal vein thrombosis in three patients and vein compression without thrombosis in six patients. Five patients had iliac artery aneurysms, producing left iliac vein thrombosis in one patient and venous compression without thrombosis in four patients. In 10 patients the cause of the venous compression symptoms was correctly identified and appropriate revascularization was performed with successful results. In four patients, two with iliac artery aneurysms and two with popliteal artery aneurysms, the associated aneurysm was not identified. One patient died of a ruptured aneurysm and three patients had below-knee amputations because of untreatable distal ischemia. Inappropriate treatment of patients with venous obstruction from unrecognized arterial aneurysms is associated with unacceptable morbidity and mortality. Accurate diagnosis with timely aneurysm repair eliminates the risk of aneurysm rupture or thrombosis and simultaneously alleviates venous compression symptoms. PMID- 3172383 TI - Percutaneous insertion of the Greenfield inferior vena cava filter: experience with ninety-six patients. AB - This article evaluates the ease, safety, and convenience of percutaneous Greenfield filter placement and compares percutaneous with surgical placement. Greenfield filters were inserted percutaneously into the inferior vena cava in 96 patients. Ninety filters were placed via the femoral route and 12 were placed from the right internal jugular vein. Six patients had two filters inserted. An inferior venacavogram was performed before filter insertion in all patients. Cavography provided vital information concerning diameter of the inferior vena cava, the level of the renal veins, and the presence and location of thrombus. Filter placement was accomplished in all patients in whom it was attempted. There were four minor complications and one periprocedural death. The incidence of documented femoral vein thrombosis that could be related to percutaneous placement via the femoral veins was 33%; however, none of these patients had permanent venous stasis sequelae. Percutaneous insertion of the Greenfield filter is a safe and convenient procedure and is superior to surgical placement in terms of time, logistics, and the accuracy of filter positioning. PMID- 3172385 TI - Improved in vivo endothelialization of prosthetic grafts by surface modification with fibronectin. AB - Endothelial cell growth in vitro is enhanced by coating with fibronectin the surface on which cells grow. Similar coating of prosthetic arterial grafts may promote in vivo graft endothelialization if graft patency is not adversely affected. In each of 15 dogs, two fibronectin-coated polytetrafluoroethylene grafts and two grafts that were not coated were implanted. One graft in each pair was seeded with autologous endothelial cells, so that four different grafts were studied in each animal: a coated, seeded graft; a coated graft that was not seeded; a seeded graft that was not coated; a graft that was neither coated nor seeded. At 2, 4, and 8 weeks, grafts from five animals were examined for patency, surface endothelialization, and indium 111 platelet reactivity. After seeding, surface coverage by endothelium of coated grafts was more complete and more rapid than in uncoated grafts (64% +/- 23% vs 31% +/- 13% at 4 weeks, p less than 0.05). Without seeding, coated grafts also appeared to have increased endothelial cell ingrowth compared with plain grafts (48.8% +/- 15.1% vs 37.6% +/- 1.5% at 8 weeks). Early (2-week) platelet reactivity of coated grafts was increased (p = 0.06), but patency was not adversely affected. Thus fibronectin coating of prosthetic grafts promotes surface endothelialization in vivo without altering graft patency. PMID- 3172386 TI - Surgical treatment of chronic mesenteric arterial insufficiency. AB - The treatment of 41 patients with chronic mesenteric insufficiency is reviewed: 20 men and 21 women with a mean age of 59 years were treated and observed for an average of 42 months. Thirty-one patients had symptoms of intestinal angina whereas 10 patients underwent prophylactic revascularization during other aortic operations. All but one patient had revascularization of the superior mesenteric artery, alone or in combination with another revascularization. Various surgical techniques were used, including retrograde bypass in 24 patients, antegrade bypass in 11 patients, and endarterectomy in the remaining six patients. Seven patients had acute abdominal symptoms and required emergency operation while in the hospital awaiting elective revascularization. There were two deaths in the perioperative period (4.9%), both caused by bowel necrosis. Six patients are known to have had late revascularization failure, resulting in recurrent symptoms in three patients and two subsequent deaths. All patients who remained asymptomatic after late graft failure had undergone multiple vessel revascularization; no patient revascularized prophylactically had symptoms of intestinal angina during the follow-up period. Early mesenteric revascularization is a safe and effective method of relieving the symptoms of chronic visceral ischemia and may prevent the development of fatal bowel necrosis. PMID- 3172388 TI - Carotid endarterectomy after reversible ischemic neurologic deficit or stroke: is it of value? AB - The benefit of carotid endarterectomy (CE) in preventing recurrent stroke and improving survival in the patient who has sustained a reversible ischemic neurologic deficit (RIND) or stroke is still controversial. To determine the long term benefits and value of CE in these patients, a 10-year review of 253 patients who suffered a RIND or stroke was conducted. All patients had CT brain scans, as well as arch, extracranial, and intracranial arteriography; any patients without demonstrated carotid bifurcation disease were excluded from the study. On the basis of clinical symptoms and CT scan findings, 66 patients were categorized as having sustained a RIND and 187 a stroke. One hundred fifty-one patients who suffered a RIND or stroke had CE, whereas 102 patients with RIND or stroke did not have CE and served as a control group. All endarterectomies were performed with a temporary indwelling shunt. Postoperative complications included two deaths (1%), six strokes (4%), and 10 transient neurologic deficits (7%). In follow-up extending to 10 years the cumulative incidence of recurrent stroke was only 7% (11 patients) in the operated group, whereas 18% of patients in the nonoperated control group (18) sustained a recurrent stroke (p less than 0.05). As anticipated, the leading cause of death during follow-up was cardiac related; although CE did not significantly improve long-term survival, there was more than a twofold decrease in the incidence of recurrent stroke as a cause of death in the group having CE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172387 TI - Differences in morphology, growth rate, and protein synthesis between cultured arterial and venous endothelial cells. AB - Intrinsic differences between aortic and venous endothelial cells were demonstrated by studies of morphology, growth rates, and protein synthesis. Endothelial cells from bovine thoracic aortas (AECs) and inferior vena caval (VECs) were harvested, maintained in cell culture, and characterized. VECs were consistently larger (mean cell diameter 14.3 micron vs 12.7 micron; p less than 0.001) and more pleomorphic than were AECs. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that VECs were thinner than AECs and that VECs had numerous fine, cellular processes that were much less abundant on the AECs. Enzymatic disaggregation of confluent cells resulted in a reduced generation time by the AECs compared with VECs. Moreover, VECs responded to disaggregation by a significantly larger increase in cell size than the AECs. Protein synthesis was quantitated by computer analysis of autoradiograph of two-dimensional gel eletrophoresis and separation of 998 35S-methionine-labeled proteins from cell lysates. Synthesis of 257 proteins was significantly different (p less than 0.05); synthesis of 239 proteins by VECs was either decreased (219) or undetectable (20) compared with those of AECs. In contrast, only 18 proteins were produced in significantly greater quantity by VECs than by AECs. The cytoskeletal proteins actin and alpha- and beta-tubulins were produced in significantly greater quantity by AECs than VECs. These results indicate that cultured endothelial cells of arterial origin are substantially different from those of the venous circulation. These phenotypic differences are maintained in vitro despite eliminating variability in hemodynamic stress and interaction with other cellular elements of the vessel wall. PMID- 3172390 TI - Choice of amputation level. PMID- 3172391 TI - Extended reconstruction rate for limb salvage with intraoperative prereconstruction angiography. PMID- 3172389 TI - The effect of hyperemia on spinal cord function after temporary thoracic aortic occlusion. AB - Nineteen mongrel dogs had 30 minutes of thoracic aortic occlusion to determine the effects that blockade of the renin-angiotensin system may have on preserving spinal cord blood flow and function during a period of temporary spinal cord ischemia. Cross-clamping of the thoracic aorta causes renal ischemia and activates the renin-angiotensin system with resulting increased production of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent peripheral constrictor and elevated levels may constrict collateral spinal cord circulation. At the time of aortic cross-clamping, 10 dogs received 100 mg/kg of MK422 (intravenous enalapril maleate), a converting enzyme inhibitor, and nine animals served as controls. The blockade of the renin-angiotensin system had no preserving effects on spinal cord flow as measured by microspheres and on spinal cord function as graded with the Tarlov scale. However, the paraplegic animals all had significantly increased lower thoracic and lumbar spinal cord flows 30 minutes after clamp release when compared with those animals that remained neurologically intact. In conclusion, marked hyperemia occurring after a period of hypoperfusion may lead to spinal cord edema and compartment syndrome with resulting paraplegia. PMID- 3172393 TI - Drug abuse: more help available for addicted persons, but main problem continues unabated. PMID- 3172392 TI - Drug war intelligence gathering: risky, but useful to physicians. PMID- 3172394 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Increase in pneumonia mortality among young adults and the HIV epidemic--New York City, United States. PMID- 3172396 TI - Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in a colposcopy clinic. PMID- 3172395 TI - The impact of the revised case definition of AIDS. PMID- 3172397 TI - Clean out your cobwebs and clean up your block: walk. PMID- 3172398 TI - Precautions against human immunodeficiency virus infection for workers in blood donor centers. PMID- 3172399 TI - Chlorination of water supplies to control Legionella may corrode the pipes. PMID- 3172401 TI - Behavior disorders and the Ritalin controversy. PMID- 3172400 TI - Oral fluoroquinolone therapy in Clostridium difficile enterocolitis. PMID- 3172402 TI - Decreased bone density and thyroxine. PMID- 3172403 TI - Chorionic villus sampling. PMID- 3172404 TI - Flaws in mortality data. The hazards of ignoring comorbid disease. AB - Recent public releases of hospital mortality data have sparked debate over methods to identify poor-quality care. We examined variations among hospitals in patient characteristics known independently to affect the risk of adverse outcomes and focused on patient comorbidity, defined as the state of health at admission apart from the primary diagnosis. Data from a study of 2935 incident cancer patients treated in seven Southern California hospitals revealed substantial variations among hospitals in age, cancer stage, and the burden of comorbid conditions. In the highest-ranked hospital, 17.9% of patients had high levels of comorbidity, compared with 9.3% in the lowest-ranked hospital. The three hospitals with the highest comorbidity were also identified as high mortality outliers in a recent California report on hospital mortality rates. We conclude that comorbidity must be considered in any hospital quality assessment method based on patient outcome. If it is not considered, variations in referral and admission patterns may be misinterpreted as differences in hospital quality. PMID- 3172405 TI - A piece of my mind. Come follow me. PMID- 3172406 TI - Measurement and analysis of intraservice work. AB - The work that physicians perform represents a major resource input to medical services and procedures. In this article we describe the concepts of work and its dimensions, as well as the methods developed to measure them. We also describe the design and results of a national probability survey of physicians in 18 specialties. We present the results--estimated values of work and its dimensions- for selected services. Our findings indicate that physicians can give reliable and valid ratings of work and that we can model this work as a function of four dimensions: time, mental effort and judgment, technical skill and physical effort, and stress. Analyzing the complex functional relationship between work and these four dimensions shows that all four dimensions are important and statistically significant in predicting work. Time is a more important dimension in predicting work for medical specialties than for surgical specialties, with the estimated regression coefficients between .3 and .5 and .2 and .3, respectively. In contrast, technical skill is a more important dimension in predicting work in surgical specialties than for medical specialties, with the estimated regression coefficients between .3 and .5 and .2 and .3, respectively. Finally, we found that an exponential equation of the four dimensions precisely describes total work. PMID- 3172407 TI - A method for estimating the preservice and postservice work of physicians' services. AB - The goal of the Resource-Based Relative Value Scale is to measure the resource costs of physicians' services, or, more centrally, the physicians' total work. This article describes the estimation of relative values for physicians' work before and after the performance of a service (preservice and postservice work). For methodological and practical reasons, we could not obtain direct ratings of preservice and postservice work except for a few services. We therefore developed a systematic process to estimate preservice and postservice time and rate of work per unit of time. Then time and work per unit of time were multiplied to estimate work. The major finding of our investigation is that preservice and postservice work make up a substantial portion of total work. The typical percentages of total work accounted for by preservice and postservice work range from 26% and 33% for imaging services and evaluation and management services, respectively, to 46% for invasive services performed in a hospital inpatient setting. PMID- 3172408 TI - Cross-specialty linkage of resource-based relative value scales. Linking specialties by services and procedures of equal work. AB - This article describes methods used to combine into a common scale resource-based relative values from separate specialties. The key to producing a common scale is identifying pairs ("links") of services from different specialties that require approximately equal amounts of intraservice work. We distinguished two kinds of pairs of link services, those judged to be the same and those judged to be equivalent, usually within a narrow category of medical activity. Working with a cross-specialty panel of physicians and with data on time factors from a national survey, we selected sufficient links to connect each specialty to others by at least four links. We then used the weighted least-squares method to locate all the links optimally on a single, common scale. Analyses of the accuracy of this scale showed that the typical disagreement between specialties about where to locate the intraservice work of a given service was only 7%. Other analyses showed that the accuracy of the common scale was not sensitive to different classes of links. PMID- 3172410 TI - Evaluation and management services in the Resource-Based Relative Value Scale. AB - Evaluation and management (E/M) services, which include making diagnoses, counseling and educating, developing strategies of care, and following up on treatment, are common to all medical specialties. Surveys of a variety of specialists using the magnitude-estimation method show that physicians agree closely in rating the work of particular E/M services. Regardless of the type of E/M service, the site at which it is performed, or the specialty performing it, work per unit of time varies only slightly. Comparison of work and time for services to which experts assigned billing codes in our consultative process indicates, however, that there may be large differences in the way different specialties use these billing codes. In some instances, work entailed by some of the E/M billing codes within specialties also appears to vary substantially. If empirical studies of physicians' coding and billing practices support our findings, possible responses might include (1) developing specialty-specific resource-based relative values for E/M services and (2) redefining the Physicians' Current Procedural Terminology, edition 4, codes for these services in terms that include time specifications. PMID- 3172409 TI - Relative cost differences among physicians' specialty practices. AB - Practice costs, defined as those costs of medical practice that exclude the physician's own time and effort, represent a substantial portion of the resources necessary to perform a service. In this article we describe the development of the practice cost index used in constructing the Resource-Based Relative Value Scale (RBRVS). We derived the practice cost index value for each specialty, using specialty-specific practice costs and gross revenue data. The index values for all other specialties are standardized to the value for general surgery, and these are used to adjust the resource-based relative values for services performed by each specialty; in this way, the RBRVS incorporates practice cost variations. The data used in the construction of the practice cost index are the 1983 Physician Practice Cost and Income Survey data, adjusted to reflect the relative levels of 1986 professional liability insurance. Our findings show that among most specialties, the range of relative difference in practice costs as a percentage of gross revenue is approximately 15%. Four specialties fall outside this range: pathology, psychiatry, rheumatology, and orthopedic surgery. We discuss problems with the available data on practice costs as these relate to their use in the RBRVS and conceptual issues in applying practice costs to the construction of the RBRVS. PMID- 3172411 TI - Resource-based relative values for invasive procedures performed by eight surgical specialties. AB - We surveyed approximately 850 physicians in eight surgical specialties to investigate physicians' work in performing invasive services. Building on our analysis of physician work, we developed a relative value scale of physicians' services based on resource costs. First, we found that physician charges are not set in proportion to the resources required to perform a given procedure: there is a threefold variation, across hospital-based invasive procedures, in the ratio of charges to resource-based relative values. Second, for most procedures, the preoperative and postoperative periods represent 60% to 75% of a physician's total service time, but only 35% to 50% of the total service work. Lastly, intraoperative work per unit of time varies greatly. Work per minute for invasive procedures is two to three times that of medical office visits and is strikingly greater for some specialties. The Resource-Based Relative Value Scale, at a minimum, represents a useful tool for payers to identify procedures with potentially aberrant charges and also offers unique insights into the nature of physicians' work. PMID- 3172413 TI - Health decisions for the American people subject of new national bioethical policy group. PMID- 3172412 TI - Gene mappers form collaborations. PMID- 3172415 TI - Debunking the drunk-driver-and-survival myth. PMID- 3172416 TI - Canada severely limits means for conveying tobacco companies' messages to potential users. PMID- 3172417 TI - Another tobacco report proposed. PMID- 3172418 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Recommendations for diagnosing and treating syphilis in HIV infected patients. PMID- 3172414 TI - Alcohol consumer must be 21 years old in all states; concerns remain about drunk driving. PMID- 3172419 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Cholera vaccine. PMID- 3172420 TI - Crash crashes stockbroker. PMID- 3172421 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation in prostatic carcinoma reversed by antiandrogenic therapy. PMID- 3172422 TI - Adverse events associated with 24-hour ambulatory sphygmomanometry. PMID- 3172424 TI - Cave-associated histoplasmosis: Trinidad. PMID- 3172423 TI - Is altruism a vice? PMID- 3172425 TI - Vasodilators in chronic congestive heart failure. PMID- 3172426 TI - Vicissitudes of depressed mood during four years of medical school. AB - We describe the vicissitudes of depressed mood for one medical school class that was assessed repeatedly overtime, from the first day of medical school until several months short of graduation, using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Using an arbitrarily defined BDI cutoff point of 14 or greater, at least 12% of the class showed considerable depressive symptoms at any assessment during the first three years; the largest fraction (25%) was symptomatic near the end of the second year. The median class BDI score increased almost threefold during the first two years. Students were likely to be in a similar class ranking at all assessments, indicating that for many students dysphoric mood was enduring. Those with BDI scores of 21 or greater were more likely to quit medical school. Students with high scores for dysphoria were not more likely to evidence a family history of major depression or concomitant substance abuse. Women medical students were not more vulnerable to depressed mood than men. PMID- 3172427 TI - Alcohol and fatal injuries among US adults. Findings from the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. AB - Use of alcohol is an important risk factor for fatal injuries. However, little information on the relationship between self-reported alcohol use and subsequent risk of fatal injury is available. Therefore, we examined the relationship between the usual number of drinks consumed per occasion and the incidence of fatal injuries in a cohort of US adults. Using data on self-reported alcohol use obtained from 13,251 adults who were included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (mean length of follow up, 9.3 years), we calculated the incidence of fatal injury according to the usual number of drinks consumed per occasion. After we adjusted for the effects of age, sex, race, and education, persons who consumed five or more drinks per occasion were nearly twice as likely to die from injuries (relative risk, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 3.5) than persons who drank fewer than five drinks per occasion. A dose-response relationship was observed between the usual number of drinks consumed per occasion and risk of fatal injury, with persons who reported drinking nine or more drinks per occasion being 3.3 times more likely to die from injuries (95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 8.3). These data demonstrate the impact of alcohol use on mortality from injuries in the United States and suggest that self-reported alcohol consumption is an important indicator of risk for fatal injury. PMID- 3172428 TI - The emergency department surveillance of alcohol intoxication after motor vehicle accidents. AB - To assess the surveillance of alcohol intoxication by surgical house staff, we examined the charts of 346 motor vehicle accident patients who presented to the trauma center of an urban teaching hospital emergency department. Half of the charts were reviewed before and half were reviewed after June 1986, when Connecticut enacted PA86-345, a law changing court rules of evidence so that the analysis by a hospital of a patient's blood could be used to establish probable cause for driving while under the influence of an intoxicant. We predicted and found no change in house-staff practice after passage of the law, since information about intoxication was obtained for immediate treatment. The rate of testing remained constant at 25%, with the median alcohol concentration at 200 mg/dL. Not one patient was referred for alcohol abuse evaluation or treatment. We recommend more vigorous attempts to evaluate, diagnose, and refer patients who abuse alcohol since they threaten the public health. PMID- 3172430 TI - Testing cholesterol accuracy. Performance of several common laboratory instruments. AB - The national emphasis on assessing coronary risk by cholesterol testing mandates that analytical determinations be as accurate and precise as is medically necessary. One goal of the National Cholesterol Education Program is to improve the quality of laboratory tests. Currently, 5% limits of imprecision and 5% of bias vs the nationally accepted Abell-Kendall reference method is recommended, with a goal of reducing these limits to 3% by 1992. Clinicians must be aware of how the cholesterol values are obtained, and especially whether the laboratory's method meets the performance goals. We assayed patients' serum samples for cholesterol using several commercially available, routinely used enzymatic methods and by the Abell-Kendall reference method. Precision of these methods was also assessed using serum-based controls. All instruments were operated precisely according to the manufacturers' instructions. Performance was objectively judged based on the National Cholesterol Education Program goals and on medically allowable total error. In all cases, the DuPont aca, the Kodak Ektachem, the Hitachi 737, and the Cobas FARA determined cholesterol levels acceptably. The precision and accuracy goals of 3% are achievable by these methods. PMID- 3172429 TI - Relapse to cocaine abuse after initiating desipramine treatment. AB - Three cocaine abusers who had been abstinent for one to six months relapsed to cocaine use soon after beginning desipramine hydrochloride therapy. The antidepressant treatment was begun for different reasons in each case. All three patients developed what has been termed the early tricyclic jitteriness syndrome. This reaction may have stimulated conditioned craving for cocaine because of the similarity between this syndrome and cocaine intoxication. Since desipramine is being used to reduce cocaine craving, it is important to recognize this paradoxical increase in craving as a potential adverse effect of desipramine. PMID- 3172431 TI - Clinical etiquette: a critical primer. PMID- 3172432 TI - Major depression during medical training. PMID- 3172433 TI - The physician's role in preventing alcohol-related injuries. PMID- 3172434 TI - Etiquette: preaching and teaching. PMID- 3172437 TI - HIV transmission risk in the cytogenetics laboratory. PMID- 3172435 TI - Editorial freedom and integrity. PMID- 3172436 TI - Introducing Pulse. PMID- 3172439 TI - Medicine and the military. PMID- 3172438 TI - Programs teach preventive medicine. PMID- 3172440 TI - Doctors and nurses: friends or foes? PMID- 3172441 TI - Health care is a team effort. PMID- 3172442 TI - Multiple residencies: why? PMID- 3172443 TI - From the other side. PMID- 3172444 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) detection by molecular hybridization. PMID- 3172445 TI - A piece of my mind. Mothers. PMID- 3172446 TI - The hemodynamic and metabolic basis for decreased aerobic capacity in the supine exercise compared with the upright exercise in coronary artery disease. AB - To elucidate the mechanism of reduced exercise tolerance in the supine position, 14 patients with coronary artery disease were studied by both supine ergometer exercise and upright treadmill exercise. Maximal oxygen consumption in the supine position amounted to 80% of that in the upright position (1110 +/- 453 vs 1387 +/ 470 ml/min; p less than 0.001). Maximal cardiac output was identical in both positions (12.07 +/- 4.44 vs 12.55 +/- 4.49 l/min; ns). Maximal arteriovenous oxygen difference in the supine position amounted to 83% of that in the upright position (9.22 +/- 1.92 vs 11.14 +/- 1.88 vol%; p less than 0.01). Thus, the lower maximal oxygen consumption in the supine position was not caused by the decreased cardiac output but by the impaired augmentation of arteriovenous oxygen difference. Lactate concentration at the same oxygen consumption was higher in the supine position, which means early augmentation of anaerobic metabolism. We concluded that the aerobic capacity in the supine position was significantly lower than that in the upright position in patients with coronary artery disease, and the impaired utilization of transported oxygen was considered to be one of the mechanisms of the decreased aerobic capacity in the supine position. PMID- 3172447 TI - The usefulness of equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography in the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia and a report of cases of a familial occurrence. AB - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a recently identified clinical entity and its diagnosis rests on documentation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) of right ventricular origin and morphologic changes of the right ventricle. However, the diagnosis of ARVD is difficult noninvasively and often requires angiography. The usefulness of equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography as a noninvasive method for the diagnosis of ARVD has not been fully evaluated. We performed equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography in 7 patients with ARVD, 10 normal subjects and 9 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The right ventricular ejection fraction (EF) in patients with ARVD (25 +/- 8%, mean +/- SD) was lower (p less than 0.001) than that in normal subjects (56 +/- 7%) but was not significantly different from that in patients with DCM (32 +/- 10%). The left ventricular EF in patients with ARVD (57 +/- 12%) was lower (p less than 0.05) than that in normal subjects (70 +/- 7%), but higher (p less than 0.001) than that in patients with DCM (27 +/- 7%). These findings suggest that ARVD is a specific form of DCM which predominantly affects the right ventricle and that equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography may be a useful noninvasive method for the diagnosis of this disorder. In addition, we present a family in which 3 of 6 siblings were affected by ARVD, suggesting that some genetic factors may be involved in the etiology of this disorder. PMID- 3172449 TI - Relationship between the relative regional thallium-201 uptake and the regional systolic or diastolic filling function. AB - Both the resting thallium-201 imaging and resting gated radionuclide ventriculography were conducted in the left anterior oblique view in 35 patients with isolated disease of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and the corresponding involved region was compared from two differing perspectives, one measuring regional ventricular function and the other regional myocardial perfusion. In the thallium-201 imaging, the thallium activity in the septal or apical region supplied by the LAD was calculated as an activity ratio between the mean value of the normally perfused lateral region and that of the septal or apical region, and was called relative thallium uptake (%T1 uptake). In the gated radionuclide ventriculographic study, a computer program subdivided the image of the left ventricle into 4 regions. The time-activity and first-derivative curves were computed in the septal and apical regions. Significant positive correlations were present between the %T1 uptake and the ejection fraction or peak ejection rate both in the septal and apical regions, indicating that the regional systolic function diminishes progressively as the perfusion abnormality increases. However, positive but poor and scattering correlations were found between the %T1 uptake and the peak filling rate, and there were no significant correlations between the %T1 uptake and the filling period in these affected regions. Thus, we could suppose that the regional systolic function is closely related to the regional %T1 uptake which probably reflects the amount of the residual viable myocardium, but there is the possibility that the regional diastolic filling function may be not so much related to the amount of the viable myocardium as is systolic function or may be modulated by some factors other than the amount of the regional viable myocardium. PMID- 3172448 TI - Effect of afterload on the left ventricular pressure fall during isovolumic relaxation period in man. AB - To assess the effect of afterload on the left ventricular pressure (LVP) fall during isovolumic relaxation period (IRP) in man, we examined the peak (-)dP/dt, (-)dP/dt upstroke pattern in IRP, and time constant (T) in 15 patients [normal (N): 5 valvular heart disease (VHD): 5, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM): 5]. LVP and echocardiographic internal diameter were measured simultaneously at rest and after about 30 mmHg increment of LV peak systolic pressure (PSP) by drip infusion of angiotensin (20 ng/kg/min). After augmentation in afterload, heart rate (HR) increased slightly in VHD. T increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in N (from 32 +/- 3 to 39 +/- 4 ms) and DCM (from 56 +/- 18 to 72 +/- 12 ms), but not in VHD (from 41 +/- 5 to 46 +/- 8 ms) probably due to increased HR. LV end systolic dimension had the same trend as T. Although there was no significant change in peak (-)dP/dt in N (from 1937 +/- 385 to 1945 +/- 189 mmHg/s), VHD (from 1521 +/- 210 to 1730 +/- 462 mmHg/s), or DCM (from 814 +/- 143 to 814 +/- 131 mmHg/s), the (-)dP/dt upstroke pattern during IRP became nonexponential in N and more downward convex in VHD or DCM. Thus, these changes of T and (-)dP/dt upstroke pattern suggest the afterload dependence of LVP fall during IRP in normal and diseased hearts. PMID- 3172450 TI - Experimental study on significance of QRS area map--comparison with VAT map. AB - The QRS area map, which is obtained by time integration of the QRS potential, is assumed to correlate with the ventricular activation time (VAT) map. Using 16 mongrel dogs, the QRS area map and VAT map from cardiac and body surface were compared during sinus rhythm and left and right ventricular endocardial pacing. The cardiac surface QRS area map resembled the cardiac surface VAT map, and it was considered useful to estimate the excitation sequence. The body surface QRS area map localized the stimulus site more easily during pacing than the body surface VAT map. Therefore, it was considered useful to determine the site at which a ventricular extrasystole occurs. The QRS area map proved to be more reproducible than the VAT map. PMID- 3172451 TI - A white flapping structure in the coronary artery lumen observed by angioscopy after coronary thrombolysis--is this the "ruptured atheroma" that initiated the acute myocardial infarction? AB - The lumen of the coronary artery after thrombolysis using urokinase was successfully observed in patients with acute myocardial infarction. A white flapping material, resembling a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque, was seen. PMID- 3172452 TI - [Studies on the metabolic fate of 14C-rokitamycin. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in infant rats]. AB - 14C-Rokitamycin (RKM) at the dose of 200 mg/kg was administered orally to fasted infant rats to study the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in infant animals. The mean blood level of 14C-RKM reached its peak of 20.25 micrograms/ml in 30 minutes. The mean area under the curve was 93.23 micrograms.hr/ml. In vivo plasma protein binding rates of 14C-RKM were about 30% in both infant and adult rats. 14C-RKM was distributed at high concentrations into liver, kidney, lung, spleen, pancreas, bone marrow, submaxillary gland and some other tissues. Major metabolites detected in plasma, urine and bile were 10" OH-RKM, leucomycin A7, leucomycin V and 14-OH-leucomycin V. In excretion studies, about 97% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in urine and feces within 144 hours. After intraduodenal administration to rats with cannulated bile ducts, 7.42% and 25.66% of the radioactivity were excreted within 24 hours in the urine and bile, respectively. PMID- 3172453 TI - [Studies on the absorption and excretion of rokitamycin in infant beagle dogs. Comparison with adult beagle dogs]. AB - Absorption and excretion of rokitamycin (RKM) were studied after oral administration of 50 mg/kg to fasted infant and adult Beagle dogs. In infant Beagle dogs, the mean plasma level of RKM reached its peak of 6.53 micrograms/ml in 15 minutes after administration. The area under the curve (AUC) value was 11.04 micrograms.hr/ml. In adult Beagle dogs, the mean plasma level of RKM reached its peak of 8.62 micrograms/ml in 30 minutes after administration. The AUC value was 18.25 micrograms.hr/ml. Ratios of Cmax and AUC value in infant Beagle dogs to those in adults were about 75% and 60%, respectively. In infant Beagle dogs, urinary excretion of RKM was 2.55% of the dose within 24 hours. In adult Beagle dogs, urinary excretion of RKM was 3.03% of the dose within the same period. The excretion ratio of RKM in infant Beagle dogs was about 85% of the adults' value. PMID- 3172454 TI - [Studies on absorption and excretion of rokitamycin dry syrup in healthy volunteers]. AB - The absorption and excretion of rokitamycin (RKM) in dry syrup form for children were studied following oral administration to fasted healthy volunteers with high gastric acidity as a suitable model to estimate bioavailability of RKM in children. In a comparative study on tablet and dry syrup forms, peak plasma concentrations of RKM and areas under plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) values were calculated using the trapezoidal rule. RKM dry syrup gave about 84 and 86% of these values for RKM tablet. Urinary recovery of RKM in 8 hours with the administration of dry syrup was also about 80% of the value obtained with tablet. Judging from these results, the bioavailability of RKM administered as dry syrup, was fairly close to that obtained with RKM tablet. The AUC values were dose dependent when examined with dose levels of 300, 500 and 800 mg administered as RKM dry syrup. The AUC value and urinary recovery of RKM administered as dry syrup were 3-4 times higher than these values for midecamycin acetate administered also as dry syrup. PMID- 3172455 TI - [Effect of rokitamycin on upper gastrointestinal contractile activity. Analysis of side-effects on gastrointestinal tract]. AB - In order to determine whether rokitamycin (RKM), one of the macrolide antibiotics, has any side effects on the gastrointestinal tract, the effect of intraduodenal administration of RKM (1.0, 3.0 and 9.0 mg/kg) on gastrointestinal contractile activity was studied by means of force transducers implanted chronically on the gastric body, gastric antrum, duodenum and upper jejunum in conscious dogs. Erythromycin (EM 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) and kitasamycin (LM 1.0, 3.0 and 9.0 mg/kg), both macrolide antibiotics, were used as control drugs. RKM, when given at 3.0 mg/kg and 9.0 mg/kg doses, induced segmentation contractions only in the duodenum where it was administered. The duration of the RKM-induced contractions was 7.5 +/- 2.5 minutes for 3.0 mg/kg and 15.8 +/- 3.0 minutes for 9.0 mg/kg, and the contractile force of the contractions was 43 to 82% of the maximum contractile force of the interdigestive contractions in the duodenum. EM, at 0.3 mg/kg, evoked a series of strong contractions quite different from those induced by RKM but similar to the natural interdigestive contractions, and with large doses, dose-dependent long-lasting interdigestive contractions were induced. On the other hand, LM did not stimulate notable gastrointestinal contractile activity even at a 9.0 mg/kg dose. In order to eliminate the possibilities of the contraction being caused by the effect of RKM on the duodenum through the general circulation upon absorption, 3.0 mg/kg RKM was given intravenously. It was found that intravenous injection of RKM did not evoke any contractions attributable to the direct action of RKM in the circulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172456 TI - [A study of antichlamydial effect of rokitamycin]. AB - MICs of a new macrolide antibiotic, rokitamycin (RKM), for Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia trachomatis were determined. Meanwhile, the organisms were observed under the electron microscope for morphologic changes with the addition of RKM. 1. MICs of RKM for C. psittaci MP and 3 strains of C. psittaci isolated from budgerigars kept by patients ranged from 0.05 to 0.10 microgram/ml, and those for 3 strains of C. trachomatis B, E and L2 ranged from 0.20 to 0.39 microgram/ml. These MICs were higher than MICs of minocycline (MINO), doxycycline and rifampicin, but lower than MICs of erythromycin and midecamycin against these organisms. 2. The addition of MINO or RKM to C. psittaci Izawa and C. trachomatis L2 at concentrations twice as high as MICs resulted in no formation of elementary body or intermediate form inside the inclusion body, and abnormal enlargement of reticulate body containing irregularly distributed cytoplasmic components. PMID- 3172457 TI - Rokitamycin uptake by alveolar macrophages. AB - The ability of antibiotics to enter cells, especially phagocytic cells, may be an important factor affecting therapy for infections caused by organisms which survive and proliferate intracellularly. It is well known that macrolides and clindamycin have high intracellular penetration ability. We studied the uptake of rokitamycin (RKM), a new oral macrolide, using rabbit alveolar macrophages and 2 other macrolides for comparison. Intracellular concentrations of erythromycin and josamycin were, respectively, approximately 20 and 40 times higher than extracellular concentrations when they were incubated at an initial extracellular concentration of 5 micrograms/ml (I/E = 20.1 +/- 2.6, 40.8 +/- 7.4). In comparison to these 2 macrolides, the uptake of RKM was massive and very rapid. The cellular concentration of RKM was approximately 120 times higher than the extracellular concentration. Uptake of the 3 macrolides by rabbit alveolar macrophages at 4 degrees C was approximately 10% of that at 37 degrees C. This study demonstrated that RKM was rapidly and massively accumulated by alveolar macrophages, and that the drug accumulation depends on temperature. These observations suggest that RKM therapy may be very effective for the treatment of some infectious diseases. PMID- 3172458 TI - [A clinical study of rokitamycin dry syrup in pediatric infections]. AB - A clinical study on rokitamycin (RKM) dry syrup was carried out and the results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Good clinical responses were achieved with 30-40 mg/kg/day dose of RKM dry syrup. 2. Diagnostically, acute bronchitis and bronchial pneumonia responded better than other diseases examined. 3. The efficacy rate was low in the group of patients complicated by bronchial asthma. PMID- 3172459 TI - [Clinical study of rokitamycin dry syrup in pediatrics]. AB - A total of 22 patients with acute pediatric infections was treated with rokitamycin (TMS-19-Q, RKM) dry syrup, a new macrolide antibiotic developed by Toyo Jozo Co., Ltd., Ohhito, Japan, to investigate its clinical efficacy. 1. A girl of an age 4 years 2 months (weighing 16.5 kg) was administered orally 10 mg/kg of RKM, and a boy of an age 8 years 7 months (weighing 24.5 kg), 15 mg/kg, and blood concentrations of RKM in these subjects were measured to investigate its absorption and excretion. Blood concentrations of the drug reached a peak of 0.84 microgram/ml in an hour after the administration in the girl, 0.72 microgram/ml in 30 minutes in the boy, with T1/2 of 0.86 and 1.82 hours, respectively. Their 6-hour cumulative urinary recovery rates were 2.79 and 2.13%, respectively. 2. A total of 20 patients was treated with RKM dry syrup. These patients included 3 with acute pharyngitis, one with acute tonsillitis, 4 with hemolytic streptococcal infections, 7 with acute bronchitis, 2 with pneumonia, another 2 with pertussis, and one with Campylobacter enteritis. The treatment was effective in 18 of them with a clinical efficacy of 90.0%. 3. Bacteriological responses to RKM dry syrup were as follows: eradication of pathogens in 5, pathogens decreased in 3, and no changes were observed in 3 of 12 patients from whom pathogens had been isolated prior to the treatment, thus the eradication rate was 45.5% with the exception of 1 patient whose bacteriological response was unknown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172460 TI - [Clinical application of rokitamycin in pediatrics]. AB - Rokitamycin (RKM, TMS-19-Q) was used for the treatment of infections in patients with underlying diseases. Many antibiotics are tended to be used on these patients with underlying diseases mainly for prophylactic purposes and, as a consequence, microbes resistant to antibiotics frequently become pathogens in these cases. Responses of our patients to RKM, however, were generally excellent but one who had EB virus infection. PMID- 3172461 TI - [Laboratory and clinical studies of rokitamycin dry syrup in the field of pediatrics]. AB - Laboratory and clinical studies on rokitamycin (RKM) dry syrup, a new macrolide antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Plasma concentrations and urinary recovery rates after oral administration on fasting of RKM dry syrup at doses of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg to 2 and 1 cases, respectively, were determined. Peak plasma levels were obtained in 30 minutes after administration of both dosages with half-lives of 1.5 to 2.2 hours. A clear-cut dose response was observed. Urinary recovery rates in the first 6 hours after administration ranged from 1.75 to 2.26%. 2. The MICs of RKM against 80 clinical isolates (Streptococcus pyogenes 9, Streptococcus pneumoniae 14, Branhamella catarrhalis 4, Haemophilus influenzae 27, Haemophilus parainfluenzae 9, Haemophilus haemolyticus 2, Haemophilus parahaemolyticus 14 and Campylobacter jejuni 1) were compared with MICs of midecamycin acetate (MOM), josamycin (JM) and erythromycin (EM). The antibacterial activity of RKM was superior to those of MOM and JM and slightly inferior to that of EM. 3. Twenty eight pediatric patients with acute infectious diseases (acute tonsillitis 4, streptococcal infection 4, acute bronchitis 9, pneumonia 4, mycoplasmal pneumonia 2 and Campylobacter enteritis 5) were treated with RKM dry syrup at a daily dose of 12-42.9 mg/kg t.i.d. as a rule. Efficacy rates were 92.9% clinically and 58.6% bacteriologically. 4. No adverse reactions were observed. Abnormal laboratory findings were mild; thrombocytosis in 2 and eosinophilia in 1. 5. The taste and the odor of RKM dry syrup preparation were sufficiently tolerable for the pediatric patients to accept it. PMID- 3172462 TI - [Studies of rokitamycin in pediatrics]. AB - Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, rokitamycin (RKM) dry syrup for pediatric use, were done, and results as summarized below were observed: 1. Five children with ages between 6 and 10 years were administered orally with RKM at a dose level of 10 mg/kg either at 30 minutes before or 30 minutes after meal on a crossover design, and plasma concentrations and urinary excretion rates of the drug were measured. Plasma concentrations of RKM following the administration before meal were 0.50 microgram/ml at 1/2 hour, 0.43 microgram/ml at 1 hour, 0.15 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 0.03 microgram/ml at 4 hours, and not detectable at 6 hours. Plasma concentrations following the administration after meal were 0.11 microgram/ml at 1/2 hour, 0.15 microgram/ml at 1 hour, 0.09 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 0.03 microgram/ml at 4 hours, and not detectable at 6 hours. The 0-6 hour urinary recovery rates were 1.41% following the administration before meal, and 0.93% following the administration after meal. These results suggested that the drug might be absorbed more rapidly, giving a higher plasma concentration, when administered before meal than when administered after meal. Changes in plasma concentrations of RKM following the administration of 10 mg/kg before meal were similar to those of two 100 mg RKM tablets (TMS-19-Q.GC tablets) to adult patients. Therefore, it seemed optimal to administer 10 mg/kg 3 times daily at fasting to children as a rule.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172463 TI - [Clinical studies of rokitamycin dry syrup in the field of pediatrics]. AB - We studied the absorption and excretion as well as the clinical effect of rokitamycin (RKM, TMS-19-Q) dry syrup. The results we found are summarized as follows: 1. When 3 pediatric patients were medicated orally with a single dose of 10 mg/kg of the drug, its peak concentrations of 0.75 and 0.51 microgram/ml appeared in the blood in 30 minutes after administration in 2 patients, and of 0.21 microgram/ml in 1 hour in the other patient. At 4 hours after administration, its concentration in the blood was 0.07-0.08 microgram/ml in all of the patient, and at 6 hours, it was undetectable. T1/2 values were 1.05-2.08 hours. First 6-hour urinary recovery rates of the drug in the first 2 patients were 1.52 and 1.11%, respectively. 2. Twenty-four patients with 25 diseases were medicated with 7.14-12.5 mg/kg of the drug 3-4 times daily for 4-10 days. The patients consisted of 12 with tonsillitis, 7 with bronchitis, 3 with colitis, one each with Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia, mycoplasmal pneumonia, and pertussis. Clinical responses to the treatment were excellent in 7, good in 13, and poor in 5, with an efficacy rate of 80.0%. Bacteriologically, of 17 isolates whose changes were followed, 8 were eradicated, 1 decreased, and 8 remained unchanged, with an eradication rate of 47.1%. 3. No adverse reactions to the drug were observed in any of these patients, while abnormal laboratory test values observed were slight eosinophilia and also slight elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT in one of the patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172465 TI - [Fundamental and clinical study on cefuzonam in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a new beta-lactam antibiotic, was studied for its transfer into intrapelvic tissues and for clinical efficacy in the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infection. 1. Following an intravenous 1 hour drip infusion of 1 g, the transferred CZON into uterine tissues reached and was maintained at effective concentrations which were defined as levels exceeding MICs against clinical isolates frequently obtained from patients in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The peak concentration of CZON in the pelvic dead space exudate was estimated to be 20 micrograms/ml at 0.5-1 hour after infusion. 2. Subjects studied were 5 patients with the following infections: pyometra (3 cases), puerperal intrauterine infection (1 case), vaginal cuff infection (1 case). Clinical efficacies were good in 4 cases and poor in 1 case. No notable side effects or abnormal laboratory test results were noted. PMID- 3172464 TI - [Clinical study of cefuzonam in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Cefuzonam (CZON, L-105) was used clinically for the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infections at a dosage of 1 g once or twice daily by intravenous drip infusion. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Clinical effects of CZON were analyzed in 10 patients, including 5 patients with intrapelvic infections, 3 with intrauterine infections, and 1 each with adnexitis and an external genital infection. Excellent responses were observed in 1 patient (11.1%), good responses in 7 (77.8%), poor responses in 1 (11.1%), and one remaining case was unevaluable. The efficacy ratio was 88.9%. 2. Upon the treatment, eradications of causative bacteria were observed in all 4 cases tested. Staphylococcus sp. (2 strains), Staphylococcus epidermidis (1 strain), Klebsiella oxytoca (1 strain) and Pseudomonas putida (1 strain) were all eradicated by the CZON treatment. 3. The safety of the drug was analyzed in the 10 patients and rash occurred in 1 patient as a side effect. 4. One patient showed eosinophilia after the CZON treatment. It appeared that CZON would be useful for the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infections. PMID- 3172466 TI - [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of ceftizoxime in newborn infants]. AB - Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of ceftizoxime (CZX) were performed in infants given intravenously. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Serum concentrations of CZX in 2 and 3 day-old mature infants given 20 mg/kg by one shot intravenous injection peaked at 49.0 and 57.9 micrograms/ml in 1 hour and decreased to 14.4 and 24.9 micrograms/ml in 8 hours after dosing, respectively. Half-lives were 3.9 and 5.6 hours, respectively. In 5 day-old or older mature infants, peak serum levels ranged from 20.9 to 38.0 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after the injection. Levels of CZX at 8 hours after injection were 1.31 to 7.32 micrograms/ml. Half-lives were 1.6-3.0 hours in all the infants except one. 2. In a 3 day-old premature infant given the same dose by a bolus intravenous injection, the serum level peaked at 45.7 micrograms/ml in 1 hour after the injection. The level at 8 hours after injection was 15.7 micrograms/ml. The half life was 4.2 hours. In 5-15 day-old premature infants, half-lives were 2.3-3.1 hours in all the infants except one. 3. Serum concentrations of CZX in 1 and 2 day-old infants given 20 mg/kg by intravenous drip infusion peaked at 49.4 to 115.0 micrograms/ml in 1 hour after dosing. Half-lives were rather long, 4.0 and 5.1 hours, in the 2 infants. 4. Peak serum levels and half-lives tended to be lower and shorter in 5 day-old or older ones than in the 3 day-old or younger infants. 5. No changes in the serum concentration were observed even after dosing with 20 mg/kg of continuous one shot intravenous injection. 6. Urinary recovery rates during the first 8 hours (one is 6 hours, two is 9 hours) after 20 mg/kg intravenous bolus injection of CZX tended to be lower in 3 day-old or younger infants than in 5 day-old or older infants. 7. Eleven infants with various bacterial infections were given CZX by intravenous bolus injection or drip infusion. Dosage of CZX used in the present study were 36-148 mg/kg/day in 2-3 divided doses. Duration of treatment ranged from 3 to 12 days. Clinical efficacy of CZX was excellent or good in all the infants with acute bronchitis, acute pneumonia, suspected sepsis infected in uterine, acute otitis media, cellulitis, meningitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, acute urinary tract infection and periproctic abscess except 1 case of acute bronchitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172467 TI - [Clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime in neonates and premature infants]. AB - Ceftizoxime (CZX) was evaluated for absorption and excretion as well as for therapeutic effectiveness in neonates and premature infants. The following results were obtained. 1. Serum CZX concentrations were determined in 8 neonates or premature infants who were not more than 6 days old. Serum concentrations of the drug were examined in 6 neonates and/or premature infants after intravenous administration of about 20 mg/kg body weight. Average concentration at 1/2, 2, 4 and 6 hours after administration were 52.3, 36.4, 26.7 and 16.7 micrograms/ml, respectively. Serum concentrations in the other 2 infants who were given 29.7 and 25.1 mg/kg, were as high as 71 and 94 micrograms/ml at 1/2 hour and 22.1 and 39 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, respectively. Serum half-lives in 5 of the 6 mature neonates ranged from 2.36 to 3.34 hours, with averaged 2.75 hours, but was exceptionally long, 7.92 hours, in the other one. Half-lives in the 2 premature infants were 4.14 and 4.90 hours. 2. The therapeutic effectiveness on bacterial infection was evaluated for 10 newborn infants. Intravenous doses of 16.9 to 24.6 mg/kg were given in b.i.d. or t.i.d. regimen to 4 cases with pneumonia and 2 with septicemia, urinary tract infection and fetal infection each. To 1 infant with septicemia complicated with cephalohematoma, higher doses ranged from 21.8 to 49.8 mg/kg were given t.i.d. or q.i.d. Therapeutic efficacies were assessed as "Excellent" in 3, "Good" in 6, and "Poor" in 1, with an efficacy rate of 90.0%. Eradication of bacteria was complete in 2 infants each with Escherichia coli induced septicemia or urinary tract infection. 3. For prophylactic use, the drug was given to 8 newborn infants in intravenous doses of 17.5 to 29.1 mg/kg b.i.d. or t.i.d. and no infection occurred in 7 cases. 4. No adverse reactions were obtained. Slight and transient increases in platelet count, GOT and GPT in 1 case and eosinophilia in another were observed. 5. These results suggested that CZX in an intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg b.i.d. or t.i.d. regimen in newborn infants up to 7 days of age would be effective and safe for the treatment of neonatal bacterial infections. PMID- 3172468 TI - [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of ceftizoxime in obstetrical and gynecological field (2)]. AB - Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of ceftizoxime (CZX) in 3 obstetrical and gynecological clinics have substantiated the therapeutic usefulness of this drug in the relevant specialty. The results are summarized below. 1. The peak serum CZX concentration after drip infusion of 2 g given over 60 minutes was 115.3 micrograms/ml. The peak CZX concentration in the pelvic dead space exudate was 34.10 micrograms/ml which was attained 2.02 hours after beginning infusion. Half-lives of CZX in the serum and in the pelvic dead space exudate were 1.64 hours and 3.65 hours, respectively. 2. The passage of infused CZX to the umbilical cord serum was satisfactorily rapid, as evidenced by figures reaching 10 micrograms/ml or higher at 1 hour and 15 minutes and still as high as 3 micrograms/ml or higher at 6 hours after administration. 3. The passage of CZX to the milk of mothers receiving this drug was low, and no untoward effect on the infant was likely. 4. CZX would effectively prevent infections due to premature ruptures of membrane. PMID- 3172469 TI - [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on ceftizoxime in the perinatal period]. AB - Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies were carried out on the use of ceftizoxime (CZX) in the perinatal period. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. Mean maternal serum concentrations of CZX reached 57.3 micrograms/ml at about 15 minutes after a single intravenous injection of CZX 1 g and then gradually decreased to 13.1 micrograms/ml in 1 hour and 55 minutes, 3.59 micrograms/ml in 4 hours and 20 minutes and 0.11 microgram/ml in 17 hours and 51 minutes. CZX in umbilical cord serum was at detectable concentrations soon after administration and peaked to 23.5 micrograms/ml in 32 minutes. Although the concentrations in umbilical cord serum gradually decreased thereafter, they were higher than those in maternal serum at 3 hours and more after an injection and was 0.41 microgram/ml at 17 hours and 51 minutes. The CZX in amniotic fluid became detectable a little later than CZX in umbilical cord serum. The concentration of CZX in amniotic fluid was below 1.00 microgram/ml at 30 minutes after administration. Concentrations then gradually increased to 21.3 micrograms/ml in 1 hour and 55 minutes and, even in 17 hours and 51 minutes, they were as high as 9.44 micrograms/ml. 2. In the clinical evaluation, CZX was given to a total of 7 cases, i.e., 1 of amnionitis, 2 of puerperal endometritis, 1 of puerperal fever, and 3 of pyelonephritis. The treatment showed satisfactory results, i.e. excellent result was obtained in 1 case, good in 5 and poor in 1 with an clinical efficacy rate of 85.7%. Microbiological examinations resulted in the isolation of 5 bacterial strains of 4 species and 1 fungal strain from 5 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172471 TI - A new compact 24-hour indirect blood-pressure recorder and its clinical application. AB - A new portable noninvasive recorder (4 X 6.5 X 14 cm in size, 390 g in weight) was developed for monitoring 24-hour blood pressure and its clinical applicability was investigated. Employing an ordinary-size cuff, this is the lightest and the most compact apparatus of its kind ever developed. It is powered by a rechargeable battery. The cuff is pressurized by a miniature, low-noise, rotary micropump. To eliminate noises resulting from body motion, two microphones are used to distinguish Korotkoff sounds. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) are measured automatically at intervals of 1 to 60 min throughout 24 hours. These data can be stored as many as 600 times in the recorder's semiconductor memory. After measurement, mean values; standard deviations (SD); and trendograms of SBP, DBP, and HR are printed out by means of an appurtenant, miniature analyzer measuring 5 X 7.5 X 15 cm. A comparison of values obtained with this new instrument and the values obtained with a conventional auscultatory method showed average errors of -1.2 +/- 4.7 (SD)mmHg for SBP and -2.7 +/- 5.0 mmHg for DBP. The correlation coefficient (r) of values obtained by two methods was r = 0.99 for SBP and r = 0.96 for DBP (n = 185). In 38 male and 31 female normotensive subjects (average casual BP: male 126 +/- 11/76 +/- 7 mmHg; female 116 +/- 13/69 +/- 10 mmHg), average 24-hour BP values recorded by the new recorder were 115 +/- 7.5 (SBP)/70 +/- 6 (DBP)mmHg for the males and 106 +/- 6/63 +/- 5 mmHg for the females. The new recorder seems to be convenient, easy to operate, and clinically useful in ambulatory monitoring. PMID- 3172470 TI - [Transfer of cefuzonam into female genital organs]. AB - Cefuzonam (CZON) was given intravenously at a 1 gram dose to 24 patients prior to abdominal total hysterectomy for uterine myoma. Concentrations of CZON in the serum of cubital vein, uterine artery, and in tissues of uterus and adnexa uteri were measured by the bioassay method. Bilateral uterine arteries were clamped at 15 and 30 minutes and 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after the administrations of the drug. Measurements were done on 4 patients at each sampling. Concentrations of CZON in the serum of cubital vein and uterine artery changed in a similar manner with respective half-lives of 52.0 minutes and 48.2 minutes. Peak concentrations in oviduct, ovary, endometrium, myometrium, cervix uteri and portio vaginalis were reached at 15 minutes after drug administration. The peak concentration in the ovary was as high as 37.5 micrograms/g, and those in other tissues varied between 17.6 and 25.5 micrograms/g. Tissue concentrations decreased gradually after their peaks in similar manners to those in serum, and their half-lives ranged between 37.4 and 53.7 minutes. From these results, it was found that CZON was transferred to female genital organs in high enough concentrations to inhibit growth of bacteria which were often isolated from the pelvic inflammatory diseases, and CZON seemed to be highly effective to clinical pelvic inflammatory diseases. PMID- 3172472 TI - Clinical significance of stress-induced ST segment elevation in patients with previous anterior myocardial infarction. Analysis of lactate metabolism with atrial pacing. AB - To clarify the mechanism of stress-induced ST segment elevation in patients with previous anterior myocardial infarction, we examined myocardial lactate metabolism during atrial pacing in 32 patients with previous anterior myocardial infarction (MI group) and 11 control subjects (control group). In the MI group, atrial pacing resulted in new or additional ST segment elevation in leads with Q waves in 15 patients (ST elevation group), ST segment depression in 7 (ST depression group), but induced no appreciable ST segment changes in the remaining 10 patients (ST unchanged group). In all patients, the ST segment changes were identical to the results of exercise stress testing which was carried out prior to the atrial pacing. Lactate extraction ratio increased moderately during the atrial pacing in the control group (p less than 0.01). Although marked reduction of the myocardial lactate extraction ratio was noted in the ST depression group (p less than 0.05), no significant change in the ratio was evoked in the ST elevation group or the ST unchanged group during atrial pacing. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) increased markedly in the ST depression group during atrial pacing, but the elevation was less evident in the other groups. The ST elevation group demonstrated the lowest left ventricular ejection fraction and the severest degree of left ventricular asynergy. Thus, the present study indicates that aggravated left ventricular asynergy in the infarcted area and associated left ventricular dysfunction, rather than peri-infarction zone ischemia is a possible mechanism of stress-induced ST segment elevation in leads with Q waves following previous anterior myocardial infarction. PMID- 3172473 TI - Long-term electrocardiographic studies of patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. AB - Sequential electrocardiographic changes in 31 patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) during a long-term follow-up study (over 7 years) were investigated. The patients were classified into 2 groups according to sequential changes in amplitude of the R wave in lead V1 (RV1): group I, in which RV1 decreased with age, and group II, in which it showed no consistent change with age. Group I consisted of 14 patients who died earlier (19 +/- 1 years) than those in group II (22 +/- 3 years). The highest RV1 values were similar in the 2 groups, but high RV1 values appeared at an earlier age in group I (10 +/- 3 years) than in group II (16 +/- 4 years). The amplitude of the R wave in lead V5 (RV5) decreased with age in both groups, and then increased at the age of 21 to 24 years in group II. The R/S ratio and depth of the Q wave did not show a consistent change during the follow-up period in most DMD patients. These results indicate that sequential changes in RV1 and RV5 are useful indicators of the severity of heart injury in DMD. PMID- 3172474 TI - Acute myocardial infarction in elderly Chinese. A clinical analysis of 631 cases and comparison with 389 younger cases. AB - The purpose of this study was to define the clinical features of acute myocardial infarction in a group of elderly Chinese. The presenting symptoms, complications and mortality of acute myocardial infarction were compared in 631 patients (430 men and 201 women) aged 60 and over and 389 patients (333 men and 56 women) whose ages were under 60 years. The incidence of painless myocardial infarction was 17.6% in the elderly versus 5.9% in the younger group. Typical chest pain was present in 63.1% of the elderly and 84.3% of the younger Chinese. However, the incidence of other nonspecific presenting symptoms was higher in the elderly group. Likewise, the major complications in the elderly group were more severe than those in the younger group. For example, the incidences of cardiogenic shock, heart failure, arrhythmia, pulmonary infection and cardiac rupture in the older group were 19.8, 24.2, 77.2, 22.0 and 4.4%, versus 15.1, 19.5, 48.1, 9.5 and 1.1% in the younger group, respectively. The immediate (4 week) mortality rate of the older group was 21.9% (over 80 years 51.5%), but was only 11.0% in the younger group. Although the incidences of hypertension and pulmonary disease were significantly greater in the elderly group, these diseases alone did not account for the higher mortality rate in the elderly. PMID- 3172475 TI - Electrophysiological effects of propranolol in patients with sinus node dysfunction. AB - The electrophysiological effects of intravenous propranolol (0.15 mg/kg) were studied in 26 patients with sinus node dysfunction (SND group) and 9 patients with normal sinus node function (control group). Spontaneous cycle length and AH interval were significantly increased in the control and SND groups after propranolol. PA and HV intervals, calculated sinoatrial conduction time and refractory periods of the atrium, AV node and ventricle were not significantly changed in either group. Maximum corrected sinus node recovery time (max CSRT) was not changed in the control group, but it was significantly prolonged in the SND group. These results of the overdrive suppression test were in disagreement with those of previous studies. Propranolol lengthened spontaneous cycle length (by more than 200 msec) and/or max CSRT (by more than 1000 msec) in 8 of 26 patients with SND. Thus, it is suggested that propranolol should be used with caution in patients with SND. PMID- 3172476 TI - A preliminary study on the therapeutic effects of a calcium antagonist (diltiazem) on primary congestive cardiomyopathy. A clinical survey of 15 cases. AB - The clinical effects of diltiazem in 15 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy were observed. Symptoms were controlled in 66% and cardiac enlargement improved in 73.3%. There was a decrease in cardiac silhouette on X-ray in 18.82 +/- 3.2% (p less than 0.01), with an increase of EF(%), CO, CI and a decrease of TPR on two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiogram (p less than 0.01). Prior to treatment, the cardiac status of 8 cases was grade III and 7 cases grade IV; after treatment 1 case was grade I, 8 grade II, 5 grade III and 1 grade IV. This improvement might be due to the blockade of calcium channels and the fact that diltiazem has the least negative inotropic effect among the calcium antagonists. The dosage, route of administration, and prevention of side effects are discussed. PMID- 3172478 TI - The percentage of the ischemic risk zone infarcting following permanent coronary occlusion is independent of ischemic zone size. AB - The relationship between the amount of myocardium rendered ischemic, the risk zone, and the percentage of that zone which ultimately infarcts (% I/R) was examined in the closed chest canine model. Twenty-three dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital. A special cannula was inserted through a carotid artery into the left coronary ostium. A teflon bead was infused through the cannula, thus, embolizing a distal coronary branch. Two to 8 minutes after the coronary embolization, 20 million radiomicrospheres labeled with 141Ce (15 mu in diameter) were injected into the left ventricle. This allowed the collateral blood flow in the risk zone to be measured and defined the ischemic zone. The dogs were sacrificed either 24 or 48 hours after coronary occlusion and the hearts were excised and sectioned into 5 mm thick slices. The risk zones were visualized by microsphere autoradiography while the infarcts were visualized by triphenyl tetrazolium staining. The volumes of both zones were determined by planimetry. Experiments were retrospectively divided into either a small risk zone group (risk zones smaller than 18% of the ventricle, n = 13) or a large risk zone group (risk zones larger than 18% of the ventricle, n = 10). There was a very close correlation between the % I/R and collateral blood flow in both the small and the large risk zone groups (Y = 90.85-1.07X, r = -0.88 vs Y = 88.84-0.91X, r = 0.93). That correlation was not statistically different between the 2 groups. These findings indicate that risk zone size itself does not influence the percentage of the risk zone which is infarcted in this model. PMID- 3172479 TI - Pulmonary artery sling associated with total anomalous pulmonary venous return. A rare case report. AB - An infant with a supracardiac type of total anomalous pulmonary venous return associated with pulmonary artery sling is reported. Two-dimensional echocardiography can provide an accurate diagnosis of these two rare types of congenital cardiac lesion prior to esophagography and cardiac catheterization. PMID- 3172477 TI - Crossbridge model compatible with the linear relation between left ventricular oxygen consumption and pressure-volume area. AB - Ventricular pressure-volume area (PVA) is a specific area in the pressure-volume diagram, which represents the total mechanical energy generated by each contraction, consisting of stroke work and mechanical potential energy at end systole. Animal experiments have shown that PVA is correlated linearly with the ventricular oxygen consumption (Vo2) per beat under a variety of loading conditions in a stable contractile state. The slope of the Vo2-PVA line has been shown to remain constant in different contractile states, implying a constant stoichiometry between Vo2 and PVA. As a first step to understand the nature of this Vo2-PVA relation, we devised a new crossbridge (CB) model to theoretically relate PVA with the total enthalpy change associated with the ATP hydrolysis for all CB cycles. One of the most important assumptions on which this model analysis depended was that the time-varying elasticity model could simulate the instantaneous pressure-volume relation. The result of this analysis implied that the empirical linear Vo2-PVA relation could be attributed to the energy balance between energy input and output of the chemomechanical transduction associated with CB cycles during a ventricular contraction. PMID- 3172481 TI - Marfan's syndrome associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome type B. AB - A case of Marfan's syndrome associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is described and a discussion follows on the possible relationship of the two conditions. Isolated cases of such an association have been previously reported. It is possible that the association is more common than was previously recognized and the two conditions may share a common pathological basis. Moreover, WPW syndrome may contribute to the cardiac morbidity of Marfan's syndrome. PMID- 3172480 TI - DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness) syndrome associated with myocardial disease. AB - A 30 year old man with DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness) syndrome associated with myocardial disease is reported. Echocardiographic study revealed a marked symmetric left ventricular hypertrophy. Histology of the endomyocardial biopsy specimen from the right ventricle showed severe glycogen deposition in the myocytes. This case may indicate that DIDMOAD syndrome is a hereditary systemic disease affecting multiple organs, including the myocardium. PMID- 3172482 TI - Bidirectional tachycardia. A sustained form, not related to digitalis intoxication, in an adult without apparent cardiac disease. AB - In this paper we report the first adult case of an "idiopathic" ventricular bidirectional tachycardia (BT), in a 57 year old woman. The tachycardia, at the time of our observation, was incessant in type and had a slightly irregular frequency of about 140 bpm. BT initiated and terminated abruptly, without any temporal relationship to the preceding RR interval, or the QRS morphology. The interval between the two alternating QRS patterns often varied over a wide range of values. The BT could be interrupted only by overdrive atrial and ventricular stimulation, but promptly reappeared as pacing was discontinued. Therapy with quinidine associated with propranolol was effective on a long term trial. The vectorcardiographic analysis and the electrophysiologic investigation demonstrated a ventricular origin of the BT, localizing its site of origin to common myocardial tissue, probably near the two left hemifascicles. Our data could not elucidate the electrogenetic mechanism of this ventricular arrhythmia, because of its chaotic behavior. PMID- 3172483 TI - [Diagnosis of cancer with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]. AB - Following a brief review of the history of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), advantages and disadvantages of MRI are discussed in the diagnosis of malignant tumors of the various parts of the body. The advantages include high contrast resolution, no artifacts from the bones, and arbitrary imaging planes obtainable in multiple slices, whereas disadvantages include no signals from calcifications and prolonged imaging time. The roles of MRI were discussed in relation to detection of early cancers, extent of the lesions, histologic diagnosis and monitoring of treatments. Early diagnosis of tumors is successful in the central nervous system, whereas it is not accomplished in other parts of the body. Extent of the tumors or staging of the tumors can be accomplished to excellent advantage, but signal intensity is often not useful for differential diagnosis. PMID- 3172484 TI - [Image diagnosis: nuclear medicine]. AB - Delineation of malignant tumor by scintigraphy is divided into two categories; visualizing tumor as positive foci or negative foci. Our clinical experiences with 67Ga, 201Tl, 131I-MIBG and 131Imonoclonal antibodies including 111In-ZMEO18 were described and literatures relevant to positive delineation of malignant tumor were reviewed. PMID- 3172485 TI - [Detection of early stage cancer: pathological aspect with special reference to differential diagnosis]. AB - Various kinds of lesions exist which should be discriminate from malignant or premalignant or borderline lesions. If there were a morphologic technical procedure on detection of malignant transformation of the cells at the initiation stage, before the lesion would develop a definitely identical with malignant lesion, such method must be most highly applicable for pathologists. DNA diagnosis has realized a warning of diagnosis of certain diseases or genetical maldevelopment prior to develop their clinical manifestation. Gene analysis has introduced in ++phragmatical screening test for certain diseases such as diabetes mellitus, thalassemia, T-cell leukemia or lymphoma, neuroblastoma, muscular dystrophy of Duchenne or Becker type, Ph' chromosome and so on. Immunohistochemical technology has provided an intracellular oncogene detection in some neoplastic malignancies such as n-myc in neuroblastoma. Amplification of c-erb B2 (also referred as neu and HER-2/neu) has indicated a higher malignant mammary carcinoma with poor-prognosis, even their size small and early stage. Oncogene analysis is expected to be available sperimposing on pathological morphology. PMID- 3172486 TI - [Chromosome abnormalities in early cancers]. AB - The chromosome changes in early cancer had been thought to be difficult to analyse because of the technical reasons and of the complex nature of the chromosomal abnormalities as compared with hematological diseases having simple diploid karyotype. Recent advances allowed to analyse the chromosomes of solid tumors by the improved technics for cell disaggregation, short term culture, and chromosome banding. Although some advanced solid cancers kept the simple near by diploid chromosomal features, many tumors such as cervical cancers reveal complex chromosomal changes already in the pre-invasive stage. Much more data must be collected to evaluate the role of chromosomal changes in benign and early malignant tumors. PMID- 3172487 TI - [Diagnosis of early stage of brain tumors]. AB - There are two points to find the brain tumor in early stage; the first is cautious history taking and neurological examination, the second is to choice appropriate image diagnoses. If one recognized progressive neurological sign and symptom, mental disorder and/or epilepsy, brain tumor should be considered and be ruled out. The CT scan, especially enhanced CT, is a powerful for discovering brain tumor. PMID- 3172488 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of early esophageal carcinoma]. AB - 1. Clinically, intramucosal carcinoma guarantees good prognosis. So, to detect them is very important. 2. Intramucosal carcinoma give rise to slight wall stiffness and/or very fine mucosal abnormality on double contrast view. 3. To detect intramucosal carcinoma, we must pay careful attention to the above abnormalities of the esophageal wall. PMID- 3172489 TI - [Differential diagnosis of early esophagus cancer: endoscopy]. AB - Benign lesions such as leukoplakia, solitary varix, hyperkeratosis, heterotopic gastric mucosa, esophagitis, and dysplasia should be discriminated from esophagus cancer, especially from mucosal cancer (ep-cancer, mm cancer). Those benign lesions can be split into three categories. 1. Lesions to be differentiated by ordinary observation. 2. Lesions to be differentiate by the lugol solution. 3. Lesions to be differentiated by biopsy. These benign lesions except for leukoplakia, solitary varix are not stained by lugol solution (as are not cancer lesions), so biopsy is indispensible. Findings of ep cancer and mm cancer are usually very slight and so could be easily missed in ordinary observation. Therefore when we discern suspective lesions almost imperceptive to a naked eye and unstained by lugol solution, or a slightly raised plateau, vague reddening, discoloration or slight unevenness, detection of esophagus cancer at the earliest stage becomes possible. Differential diagnosis also becomes possible. PMID- 3172490 TI - [Radiological differential diagnosis of early colorectal cancer]. AB - Radiological differential diagnosis of early colorectal cancer was described in terms of a set of lesions which are macroscopically similar to early cancer and are present in the continuum of atypicality (adenoma-early cancer-advanced cancer), and those which are macroscopically similar to early cancer, but are not present in the continuum of atypicality (malignant lymphoma, rectal carcinoid). The majority of early colorectal cancers are polypoid lesions. They are classified into three forms; pedunuculated, sessile without central depression, and sessile with central depression. Sessile lesions without central depression which are in 1 cm level are most probably early cancers. PMID- 3172491 TI - [Endoscopic diagnosis of early colon cancer]. AB - Early colon cancer are divided into pedunculated (with constriction) group and broad-based (without stalk) group. The former is more of ten diagnosed, particularly in the earlier cancers (m cancer). However, the possibility that broad-based group may be missed during the endoscopic examination cannot be neglected. Colonoscopy should be performed with scrupulous care not to miss small broad-based lesions. They are frequent in the rectum and the right-sided colon. Flat or depressed type of early cancers have come to be diagnosed owing to the effort of colonoscopist and the improvement of the scope. Particularly, the introduction of TV scopes into the field of colonoscopy has accelerate the trend. PMID- 3172493 TI - [Conventional X-ray and CT diagnosis of lung cancer]. AB - The recent improvement in techniques such as thin slice CT and Lung Nodule Simulator has increased the possibility to diagnose early lung cancer. However, it might be most important to observe subtle shadow on the conventional X-ray carefully for early detection of lung cancer. PMID- 3172492 TI - [Histological differential diagnosis of early colorectal carcinoma]. AB - Adenoma was divided into 3 grades of dysplasia, severe, moderate and mild, and histological features of moderate dysplasia were clarified. Severe dysplasia is synonymous with mucosal carcinoma and moderate dysplasia is a borderline lesion between malignant and benign condition. From various investigations such as serial section, electronmicroscopy, immunohistochemistry and DNA analysis, moderate dysplasia was shown to include the earliest stage of carcinoma. Problems of differential diagnosis of dysplasia in ulcerative colitis and its clinical implication were also described. The presence of dysplasia in UC should be used as a marker suggesting a high risk of developing colon cancer in UC patients. PMID- 3172494 TI - [Bronchoscopic diagnosis of lung cancer in early stage]. AB - Early lung cancer has been classified into peripheral and hilar types. The peripheral type early lung cancer is the tumor size of under 2 cm with N0, M0, and many cases are detected with Chest X-ray findings. The bronchofiberscopic curettage is performed for its definitive diagnosis. The hilar type early lung cancer is limited within the bronchial wall, and its X-ray findings are normal in most cases. Usually the detection is made with bloody sputum or sputum cytology, and its definitive diagnosis is obtained with the bronchofiberscopic biopsy under direct visualization. In the case with no irregular endoscopic findings in spite of the positive result in sputum cytology its localization can be obtained with special methods such as selective bronchoalveolar lavage, image processing or laser irradiation. PMID- 3172495 TI - [Mammographic detection of early breast cancer]. AB - For the discovery of minimal breast cancer with mammography, photos under appropriate conditions are required, and for the abnormal shadows in the breast, detailed readings of the shadows and photos on the spot under the sufficient pressure over the breast enable us to draw clearer pictures. It is desirable to examine micro-calcification to perform accurate biopsy and histopathology; with serial section of the specimen. Furthermore, it has become important for the diagnosis of lesion with galactography for nipple discharge to detect early breast cancer. Henceforth, the role of mammography among all graphic diagnosis will become greater for the discovery of early breast cancer. PMID- 3172496 TI - [Pathological differential diagnosis of early breast cancer]. AB - Early cancer of the breast includes those categories of the so-called early breast cancer (TNM Stage I), minimal breast cancer, noninvasive breast cancer and T0 breast cancer. In the breast, it seems extremely rare that the lesion is genuine border-line of malignancy. A papillary or lobular lesion is usually worrisome in differential diagnosis, either benign or malignant. Sclerosing adenosis is most likely to be overdiagnosed as malignant. Tubular carcinoma, low papillary carcinoma and clinging carcinoma are most likely to be underdiagnosed as benign. To avoid overdiagnosis and/or underdiagnosis of malignancy, it is essential to learn exactly every histologic feature of various lesions. PMID- 3172497 TI - [Early detection of urogenital cancers: kidney, bladder, prostatic and testicular cancers]. AB - Since there is no definition of early cancer for the genitourinary tract yet, so we tried to make a definition of it before main subjects are discussed. States of early cancer are thought to be small, to have neither surrounding invasion nor metastasis and also to have possibility to be found and to be cured. The early cancers of the genitourinary tracts are primary lesion less than 3 cm in diameter of the renal cell carcinoma, prostatic cancer of stage A and B and testicular tumor of pT1N0M0. Definition of bladder cancer is too difficult to be established at the present time. PMID- 3172498 TI - [Pathomorphologic characteristics of the urotract cancers]. AB - In the present paper, it was emphasized that the two types of bladder cancers, papillary and nonpapillary types, should be being quite different from each other in their pathologic entity. This is related to the course of development, speed of advance and association with precancerous background. Without recognizing this fact, adequate diagnosis of the cancers at early stage will not be actually obtained, particularly in cases with simultaneous development of the both kinds of the cancer in individual patients. PMID- 3172499 TI - [Differential diagnosis of early carcinoma of the uterus]. AB - Benign diseases which should be distinguished from early carcinoma of the uterus include dysplasia, condyloma, and papilloma of the cervix; and hyperplasia and polyp of the endometrium. Cervical smear, colposcopy, cone biopsy are useful for diagnosis of early cervical cancer. Endometrial smear, hysteroscopy, endometrial curettage and CT are essential for diagnosis of early endometrial cancer. PMID- 3172501 TI - [Diagnosis of malignant bone and soft part tumors]. AB - In most bone tumors, the patient's local symptoms, which are usually pain and/or swelling, are nonspecific. Laboratory studies are of little significance in the diagnosis of the bone tumors, except myeloma and metastatic prostatic carcinoma. Though a definitive diagnosis must be made histologically, roentgenograms afford practically conclusive evidence of the malignant or benign nature of bony lesions and often indicate the histologic type. Differential diagnosis of malignant bone tumors which were misled as benign conditions were mainly described, and advantages and disadvantages of radiologic imaging methods such as RI, CT, and MRI, were also discussed. In the diagnosis of malignant soft part tumors, aspiration biopsy was strongly recommended but this necessitates experts' hand to avoid dissemination of the tumor cells to the normal tissue. PMID- 3172500 TI - [Pathology of early cancer of the uterus]. AB - Early cancer of the uterine cervix is comprised of in situ (intraepithelial) and microinvasive malignancies both in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The general concept of these conditions as well as histologic criteria was mentioned. The differential diagnosis on histology between early cancer and their related lesions was also described. As to endometrial adenocarcinoma, it is impossible to separate in situ adenocarcinoma from atypical endometrial hyperplasia. Therefore, in situ adenocarcinoma of the endometrium is theoretically accepted, but practically should be avoided. PMID- 3172502 TI - [Borderline disorders in hematopoietic malignancy; pathological aspect]. AB - In contrast with other solid tumors, it is hard to define early cancer in hematopoietic or lymphoid malignancies because in many of these cases pathological changes develop systemically rather than locally. But, actually, we have a lot of problems at the boundary of myeloid or lymphoid malignancies. PMID- 3172503 TI - [Pediatric neoplasms]. AB - The types and frequencies of pediatric neoplasms vary with age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic location. The pathogenesis of cancer in children and adult is different. Histopathologic and cytologic diagnosis of pediatric neoplasms can be difficult because they are frequently so anaplastic. For this reason initial aspiration, biopsy or resection of children's cancers need to be conducted in a Children's Cancer Study Group where morphologists have continuous intensive experience with pediatric neoplasms and are prepared to use electron microscopy, cytochemistry, cell surface marker, immunofluorescence and tissue culture methods. Special diagnostic problems on pediatric neoplasms such as transient leukemia (transient myeloproliferative syndrome) or acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in Down syndrome, and reactive or neoplastic histiocytosis are discussed. PMID- 3172504 TI - [Early detection and differential diagnosis of metastatic lung tumor]. AB - In general, the prognosis of cases with metastatic pulmonary tumor is extremely poor. However, in cases where primary lesion is well controlled and no distant metastasis except the lung is clinically found, the pulmonary metastasis could be curable through the early detection of metastasis followed by radical surgery equally to the case with primary lung tumor. The candidate of this curable metastasis is the case with of nodular metastasis with a small number. I discuss the X-ray figure, differential diagnosis, diagnostic accuracy of the number of metastasis, and the interval of follow-up care after treatment of primary malignancy. PMID- 3172505 TI - [Early diagnosis of metastatic brain tumor]. AB - For the early diagnosis of metastatic brain tumor, careful and long-term follow up is important when the primary tumor has already been found. Metastatic brain tumor should be suspected whenever neurological symptoms develop in such a patient. In the cases of lung cancer or lung metastases, CT scan of brain should be taken even if the patients have no neurological symptoms, because lung cancer frequently metastasizes to the brain and other cancers metastasize to the brain via the lung. When the primary sites are unknown, primary brain tumors should be distinguished. Relatively rapid progression of symptoms including mental disturbance, multiple lesions on CT scan, lesions on chest X ray film, careful cerebral angiogram and MRI are helpful for the differential diagnosis. PMID- 3172506 TI - [Radiologic detection of metastatic bone tumors]. AB - Radiologic strategy for early detection of bone metastasis is discussed. Incidence, pathway, and radiologic manifestation of bone metastasis are briefly discussed. Bone scintigraphy is a mainstay for early detection of bone metastases, although its role as a part of staging procedure is debatable. Plain radiograph and CT scan are to be used to increase specificity of scintigraphic findings. For detection of spinal metastases CT scan is particularly useful and should be used whenever spinal metastases are suspected. MRI has become an important modality to see an extraosseous extension and marrow invasion of metastatic bone tumor. PMID- 3172507 TI - [Metastatic cancer of unknown primary site]. AB - The history, physical examination, radiographic and laboratory studies and histological diagnosis must be completely evaluated to search for the primary tumor. For diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis, not only whole body examination but also head and neck examination is important in which quadrascopy (nasopharyngeal, laryngeal and esophageal fiberoscopy and bronchoscopy) must be performed. If the localized lymph node metastasis of unknown primary site (TxNl 3MO); especially neck node, is presented, radiotherapy has an important role in cure. Patients with metastatic cancer of unknown primary site should be considered for early diagnosis and aggressive therapy. PMID- 3172508 TI - [Increases in the modified surgery in early cancers]. AB - Early cancers are small in size and localized; many of them have no infiltration or metastasis. It has been gradually clarified what procedure of reduced operation can be feasible without fail to its radicalness to what type of early cancer, as a result of detailed studies on the findings concerning the development of early cancers as well as evaluations of recurrent cases and distant results. Techniques of reduced operation for the treatment of cancers of the thyroid, mammary glands, female reproductive organs and stomach have been improved as early cancer patients increase in number and our understanding of the pathogenesis of early cancers is promoted. PMID- 3172509 TI - [Modified surgery and combination with radiotherapy in tumors]. AB - Radiotherapy is more commonly employed in Western countries than in Japan. This therapy is highly effective according to a site and kind of cancer, and is superior to surgical treatment, not in a few, as for functional conservation, safety and radicalness. Reduced operation for the treatment of cancer occurring in the head or neck, ophthalmological tumor and skin cancer is herein discussed from a standpoint of the combination mainly with radiotherapy. PMID- 3172510 TI - [Modified surgical methods in gastrointestinal and lung cancers]. AB - There are such cancers as that they are rarely detected during an early stage, they show poor prognosis even though being small in size, and that it is difficult to perform reduced operation on them for the purpose of functional conservation. Cancers of the lung, esophagus, rectum, liver, gallbladder and pancreas are included in these cancers for the present. Bronchoplasty for lung cancer, nervous conservation for rectum cancer, and conservative operation to keep a natural anus have been widely performed. At the present time, it has been still difficult to undertake reduced operation for the treatment of esophageal cancer and liver-biliary-pancreatic cancer without damages to the radicalness. Unfortunately, anticancer agents or irradiation has shown no satisfactory effects on the above mentioned cancers. However, radial effects are now obtained from some techniques; they are, laser irradiation for very early cancer of the bronchus and esophagus, and plypectomy for small and early rectal cancer. PMID- 3172511 TI - [Ga-67 scintigraphy for the localization and staging of malignant lymphoma]. AB - Thirty-eight Ga-67 scintigraphies have been evaluated in regard to patients with an untreated malignant lymphoma or a recurrent lymphoma after a complete remission. Thirty-four studies (89%) showed positive findings. Waldeyer's ring and lymph node involvement were detected in 66% of the cases. The recurrent type was detected less often than the untreated malignant lymphoma, and there was no significant difference in detectability between Hodgkin's disease and non Hodgkin's lymphoma. Although the malignancy grade for NHL did not affect the detectability, the intermediate and high grade NHLs tended to show a greater uptake than the low grade NHLs. The detectability was particularly good for neck and intrathoracic lymph nodes. Ga-67 scintigraphy tended to downgrade a malignant lymphoma to a lower stage, especially if in recurrence. PMID- 3172512 TI - [Quality of life in treated head and neck cancer patients]. AB - Sixty-Seven patients with head and neck cancer have been studied with respect to their quality of life after their treatment. The Grogono Woodgate index was used to evaluate their quality of life, the quality of life of patients treated for laryngeal cancer was excellent, even if they underwent total laryngectomy. On the contrary, however, patients who had hypopharyngeal cancer and had undergone a pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy had the lowest indices. As for patients with an oral cancer, their indices were high if the cancer was being controlled by radiotherapy. PMID- 3172513 TI - [Hormone receptors (ER, PgR) as a prognostic factor in breast cancer]. AB - To investigate the significance of the hormonal receptors (ER: estrogen receptors; PgR: Progesterone receptors) as prognostic factors in breast cancer, 213 patients with breast cancer (stages I-III) who were examined for both receptors and had not received adjuvant hormonal therapy have been studied so as to determine a disease-free survival rate. In stage I, the status of the hormonal receptors failed to show any statistically significant differences with regard to the disease-free curve. However, in patients in advanced stage, the presence of either PgR or both receptors positively correlated with the disease-free survival curve. In comparing the ER with the PgR as prognostic factors, the presence of the PgR seemed to be more important than the presence of the ER. These data suggest that the status of the hormonal receptors is considered to have prognostic significance. PMID- 3172515 TI - [Clinical evaluation of a combination assay of CEA, CA-19-9 and TPA in patients with colorectal cancer]. AB - The effectiveness of serum CEA (56 cases), CA-19-9 (53 cases) and TPA (48 cases) in patients with colorectal cancer has been evaluated. The preoperative sensitivity and specificity of CEA and CA 19-9 were found to be almost the same in level but the level of TPA was low. In 20 cases recurrent, the sensitivity of the marker was 66.7% in the liver, 60% in the lung, and 66.7% in the local recurrence of primary foci. In these recurrent cases, serum CEA in initially elevated to 65%, CA 19-9 to 25%, and TPA to only 10%. In diagnostic rate imaging or in our clinical findings, however, the frequency was almost the same as tumor markers. PMID- 3172514 TI - [Morphological characteristics, especially the malignant features, of chordoma in comparison with the notochord]. AB - Twelve cases of the chordoma, including 4 cases with metastases, have been examined by light and electron microscopy for a comparison with 5 cases of the human notochord. Observed similarities in the histological and ultrastructural characteristics of the chordoma with those of the notochord suggested the histogenetic origin of the chordoma from the remnant of notochord. A "diffuse pattern" that was seen in the histological appearance of 4 cases of the chordoma, including 2 cases with metastases, was not observed in the notochord and was considered to indicate the malignant nature of such chordoma. Electron microscopy of the physaliphorous cells characteristic of the chordoma demonstrated intracytoplasmic large vacuoles containing glycogen. PMID- 3172516 TI - [An in vitro chemosensitivity test indicating regressive changes in the nucleus in cases of human ovarian cancer]. AB - A simple in vitro sensitivity test of oncolytic drugs has been applied in 60 cases of human ovarian cancer. Tumor tissue blocks were minced with a razor blade, after which the cell clumps were poured into a tissue culture medium, containing an anticancer drug with a certain concentration, and incubated at 37 degrees C. Nine to 16 kinds of drugs were tested for each specimen. After incubation, the cell clumps were dispersed for providing smear specimens. Typical morphological changes appeared in the nucleus, characterized by karyorrhexis and karyopyknosis. The individual tumors displayed different sensitivities to the various drugs. The positive rate of alkylating agents ranged around 30%, and specimens examined after oncolytic treatment displayed low sensitivity. PMID- 3172517 TI - [High-dose CDDP therapy using a balloon-occluded arterial infusion (BOAI) in recurrent ovarian cancer]. AB - An intraarterial high-dose CDDP, using a balloon catheter, has been infused into five patients with a recurrent ovarian cancer. The dose of CDDP was 150 mg-200 mg/body. Two patients experienced a partial tumor regression, whereas three showed no change. With regard to the toxicity, the NAG index (NAG activity/urinary creatinine) rose markedly in all patients, but toxicity was almost similar to that seen from a systemic administration. No significant catheter complication occurred. PMID- 3172518 TI - [Radiation therapy of lung metastases]. AB - One of cardinal tents of cancer management is the importance of successful treatment of distant metastases. From 1976 to 1987, of the 410 patients with distant metastases before initiation of radiation therapy, 101 lung metastases were received operation, radiation and immuno-chemotherapy, at the Department of Radiology, Tokushima University Hospital. The patients ranged in age from 1 to 83 years (average, 57.2 years). The 5-year survival and median survival month were 27%, 10.9 months, 0%, 7.2 months and 0%, 3.8 months with radiation, immuno chemotherapy, no-treatment respectively. Small number of lung metastases tended to have a higher probability of cure than many ones. Concomitant other distant metastases conferred a bleak prognosis. The results confirmed the importance of radiation therapy in the management of lung metastases. PMID- 3172519 TI - [Clinical research of radiotherapy in brain metastasis]. AB - One hundred and four patients with brain metastasis were received the conventional radiotherapy from 1980 to 1985 at 3 hospitals. Results were as follows. 1. Primary sites were lung (41 cases), breast (34) and others (29). 2. Tumor was 3.15 cm in mean size (0.6-8.2 cm) and 2.6 in number of average (1-15) 3. Radiation dose was 46.5 Gy in average (30-66 Gy) and almost of all cases were irradiated with whole brain field. 4. Over all response rate on CT findings was 65.4% (CR rate: 23.1%) and 63.4% for lung and 73.5% for breast cancer. 5. Survival rate were 25.5% in 1 year, 8.8% in 2 year, 5.4% in 3 year and 3.6% in 5 year. 6. The longer interval was between onset of brain metastasis and primary treatment, the longer survival after brain irradiation. 7. No significant differences of survival rate were seen in size and in number of brain metastasis and with on without improvement of neurological symptoms. 8. The better response was on CT, the better prognosis after radiotherapy. 9. Identification of treatment for brain metastasis according to patient's characteristics and tumor factors were important. PMID- 3172520 TI - [Multicentric papillary and follicular carcinomas of the thyroid]. AB - A 63-year-old female, complaining of a swelling in the neck, was diagnosed as having a thyroid carcinoma. Thus, a subtotal thyroidectomy was performed, leaving a part of the right lobe. Two thyroid carcinomas were found in the left lobe, and one carcinoma in the right lobe with a right cervical lymph nodal involvement. Each carcinoma was small and encapsulated by thick fibrous tissue, but there was no continuity among them. The three carcinomas were regarded as being multicentric in origin, and not an intraglandular metastasis. PMID- 3172521 TI - [Acute promyelocytic leukemia with central nervous system leukemia--a report of two cases]. AB - Two cases of promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with central nervous system leukemia (CNS-L) are reported. The first case displayed some symptoms similar to meningitis at onset, and the second case, during induction therapy suddenly developed left hemiplegia and was found to have CNS-L. There have been only a few case reports of APL associated with CNS-L and each has said that APL was rarely accompanied by CNS-L. Yet, of the reports registered with the Joint Committee for Hematologic neoplasm in Japan, the incidence of APL with CNS-L is not much lower than any of the other types of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia that can accompany a CNS-L. There fore, we feel that CNS-L should not be overlooked as an important prognostic consideration in APL cases. PMID- 3172522 TI - [A case of gastric metastases from carcinoma of the breast]. AB - Reported is a case of a gastric metastases from a cancer of the breast in a 54 year-old woman who had received a standard radical mastectomy for a cancer of the right breast (T2N1bM0). Microscopic examination had revealed a lobular carcinoma, partially showing a signet ring appearance, and metastases in 4 axillary lymph nodes. Two years and 6 months later as a result of an upper GI series and a gastroscopy, linitis plastica was observed. Because there were no other metastatic lesions, a laparotomy was performed. The stomach, however, was unresectable. Further, a nodal biopsy revealed a metastatic breast cancer. Because of the probe laparotomy, however, the patient's symptoms were aggravated for several months. Death occurred three years and five months after the mastectomy. An autopsy revealed systemic metastases which included the stomach that had originated from her breast. PMID- 3172523 TI - [The pathogenesis of adenocarcinoma of the stomach after successful radiotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower intrathoracic esophagus--case report]. AB - A case of a gastric cancer developed 3 years and 11 months after radiotherapy for esophageal cancer is reported. A 76-year-old man with a squamous cell carcinoma of the lower intrathoracic esophagus had received 50 Gy of irradiation as treatment. Thereafter, signs of the esophageal cancer disappeared radiologically and endoscopically, and a pathological biopsy of specimens taken from the site revealed no further cancer cells. The patient remained well for 3 years and 11 months after radiotherapy, at which time he again was admitted to hospital, having been diagnosed as having a gastric cancer. On admission, an upper G-I series showed a shadow defect along the lesser curvature of the upper-middle stomach but no evidence of any stenosis in the lower intrathoracic esophagus. Endoscopically, the mucosal surface of the esophagus was normal, and biopsy specimens taken from the site in the esophagus that had been treated with irradiation 3 years 11 months ago revealed no recurrence of his esophageal cancer. Endoscopical examination of the stomach showed an infiltrative tumor with ulceration, and a subsequent histological examination revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Upon a laparotomy, a metastasis was detected in the perigastric and paraaortic lymph nodes and the cancer had invaded the retroperitoneum. The stomach could not be removed and he died 3 months after the laparotomy. PMID- 3172524 TI - [Early esophageal cancer discovered 6 months after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy of esophageal varices]. AB - Early esophageal cancer was discovered in a 55-year-old male with liver cirrhosis six months after the start of treatment for esophageal varices by a series of endoscopic sclerotherapeutic injections using 5% ethanolamine oleate. A histological examination of the entire length of the resected esophageal wall revealed a carcinomatous lesion oralwards and far removed from the lesion where subsequent changes due to sclerotherapy were prominent. Further, the causal relationship between sclerotherapy and carcinoma is discussed. PMID- 3172525 TI - [Reevaluation of renal function tests]. PMID- 3172526 TI - [Clinical evaluation of serum colloidal reaction]. PMID- 3172527 TI - [Platelet tests and evaluation]. PMID- 3172528 TI - [Determination of plasma lipids and lipoproteins]. PMID- 3172529 TI - [Basal metabolic rate as a thyroid function test]. PMID- 3172530 TI - [Skin tests]. PMID- 3172531 TI - [Application of genetic engineering to laboratory medicine: an outline]. PMID- 3172532 TI - [The dysfunction of human thyroid stimulating hormone (hTSH) due to TSH beta subunit gene abnormality]. PMID- 3172535 TI - [Current significance of physiological function tests--with special reference to cor pulmonale]. PMID- 3172534 TI - [Bacterial determination using nucleic acid probes]. PMID- 3172533 TI - [Gene diagnosis for hyperlipidemia]. PMID- 3172536 TI - [Diagnostic significance of electrocardiography in cor pulmonale]. PMID- 3172538 TI - [Modern Doppler echocardiography as a diagnostic aid for cor pulmonale]. PMID- 3172537 TI - [Assessment of cor pulmonale by jugular pulse tracing]. PMID- 3172539 TI - [Cor pulmonale from the view of pulmonary functions]. PMID- 3172540 TI - [An evaluation of the right ventricular function by 81mKr]. PMID- 3172541 TI - The health maintenance facility for space station. PMID- 3172542 TI - [ATL and AIDS]. PMID- 3172543 TI - [The expanded participation of women in society and the impact to industrial health]. PMID- 3172544 TI - [Clustering of simple obesity]. AB - An attempt was made to classify persons with simple obesity from the viewpoint of health education. Subjects of the study were 1,278 male workers in a financing company who underwent health examination. At the time of health examinations, questionnaire survey concerning their life styles was carried out on all the subjects. The obese group consisted of 127 subjects whose obesity indices were over 15% and the control group consisted of 342 subjects whose obesity indices ranged from -5 to 5%. Subjects in the obese group were classified into four clusters based on cluster analysis using five life-style parameters; that is, frequency of taking breakfast, frequency of taking staple food, drinking habits, smoking habits, and frequency of exercise. The first cluster (N = 10) included inactive persons, the second cluster (N = 46) non smokers, the third cluster (N = 39) smokers and heavy drinkers, and the fourth cluster (N = 32) smokers and non drinkers. Comparison of the four clusters of obese persons with the control group revealed the following findings: 1) All the four clusters had significantly high frequencies of abnormal values of triglyceride (TG) and fasting blood sugar (FBS). 2) The first cluster had significantly high frequencies of abnormal values of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT). 3) The second cluster had significantly high frequencies of abnormal values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, TG, FBS, uric acid, GOT, GPT and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172545 TI - [Assessment of occupational exposures to industrial hazardous substances. I. A proposed method based on interday fluctuation of contaminant concentrations for evaluating employee's exposure averages (TWAs)]. AB - Occupational exposures to potentially hazardous substances may vary considerably because of factors such as sampling and analytical errors, and intraday and interday environmental fluctuations in contaminant concentration. Of these factors, day-to-day environmental fluctuations most likely affect daily exposure averages over days, weeks, months or years. A new method based on day-to-day fluctuations of daily exposure averages (geometric standard deviation) was developed for making reliable assessment of the employee's exposure situation. It is assumed that daily exposure averages of a worker are lognormally and independently distributed statistically. Finally, a classification scheme on the basis of n days measurements is presented. 95% upper limit or arithmetic mean of individual exposure averages (8-h TWAs) can be evaluated in comparison with an established standard. The method may provide an approximate estimate because of statistical premise, but it can be utilized for practical purposes, particularly, in case where only one or two days are being monitored. An action level concept based on random sampling and analytical errors and interday variations developed by OSHA/NIOSH, and a sampling and decision scheme based on one-sided tolerance limits proposed by Tuggle (1982) are also discussed. PMID- 3172546 TI - [Assessment of occupational exposures to industrial hazardous substances. II. Interday fluctuations of the daily exposure averages among workers exposed to lead]. AB - An assessment of the employee's exposures to industrial hazardous substances using the proposed method described earlier was conducted on 49 workers exposed to lead. As it is assumed that the daily exposure averages are lognormally distributed, geometric standard deviation (sigma g) representing true interday fluctuations of the daily exposures was estimated by personal exposure measurements of every worker for two consecutive days. The estimates (Sg) ranged from 1.00 to 5.35 with a median of 1.4 and a 90% upper limit of 2.4. According to a classification scheme in the proposed method, exposure levels (I to III) were calculated using sigma g of 1.4 and 2.4. An exposure class based on a single day measurement was evaluated and compared to that based on measurements for two consecutive days. As a result, the decision of the exposure levels and classes from only one day monitoring could be made by using both sigma g of 1.4 and 2.4, representing ordinary and high interday fluctuations, respectively. More accurate estimate of geometric standard deviation of interday fluctuations by exposure monitorings would provide a more reliable assessment of the worker's long-term exposure situation. PMID- 3172547 TI - [Comparison of energy expenditure between heart rate method and relative metabolic rate method]. PMID- 3172548 TI - Changes in blood and urinary levels of cobalt during single exposure to cobalt. PMID- 3172549 TI - [A case study of acute cadmium poisoning by welding work]. PMID- 3172550 TI - [Cases of suspected asbestos exposure in the family]. PMID- 3172552 TI - Changes in elastic-related fibers in the human paraquat lung. PMID- 3172551 TI - Analysis of glyphosate and (aminomethyl) phosphonic acid in a suspected poisoning case. PMID- 3172553 TI - Application of wide-bore capillary gas chromatography to analyze volatile compounds in body fluids. PMID- 3172556 TI - [Use of latex sensitized with human hemoglobin in species identification]. PMID- 3172555 TI - [Detection of anti-horse serum antibody produced by injecting an antivenin or antitoxin (Report 2)]. PMID- 3172554 TI - [Immunochemical analysis of beta-seminoprotein (beta-Sm) as a major antigenic substance in seminal fluids--forensic immunological studies of body fluids and secretions, Report 34]. PMID- 3172557 TI - [Effect of toluene inhalation in rats, mice, and mice offsprings]. PMID- 3172558 TI - Early changes of proximal tubules in the kidney of adenine-ingesting rats, with special reference to biochemical and electron microscopic studies. PMID- 3172559 TI - Clinico-pathological evaluation of IgA nephropathy associated with nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3172560 TI - Steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome with glomerular IgA deposits: clinicopathological evaluation. PMID- 3172561 TI - Trial to differentiate idiopathic edema by plasma volume changes. PMID- 3172563 TI - Inhibition of renal sympathetic nerve activity by the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) in exaggerated natriuresis of hypertension. PMID- 3172562 TI - Changes in content of adenine nucleotides and inorganic phosphate of the human hydronephrotic kidney. PMID- 3172564 TI - An autopsy case of Weber-Christian with immune complex glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3172565 TI - Influence of the weather on ureteral stone colic. PMID- 3172566 TI - [Pathological study of the onset and progression in experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis--the effect of protamine sulfate and heparin]. PMID- 3172567 TI - [Long-term outcome of nephrotic syndrome due to primary membranous nephropathy]. PMID- 3172568 TI - [Prostaglandin metabolism in glomeruli from streptozotocin diabetic rats and glomerular mesangial cells]. PMID- 3172570 TI - [Serum laminin concentration in renal diseases]. PMID- 3172569 TI - [Significance of urinary NAG isozyme excretion in PAN induced nephrotic rats]. PMID- 3172571 TI - [Problems in serum aluminum determination by atomic absorption spectrometry]. PMID- 3172573 TI - [Transport system of renal brush border membrane in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. PMID- 3172572 TI - [Changes in colloid osmotic pressure in double filtration plasmapheresis]. PMID- 3172574 TI - Comparison of objective methods for determining ventilatory threshold. AB - This study was undertaken to compare and re-examine the relation of lactate threshold (LT) and ventilatory threshold (VT), using six objective determination methods proposed previously. Twenty-one young male subjects performed a cycle exercise test in which the work rate was increased by 150 kg.m every 2 min up to his limit of volitional fatigue. Through each test, gas exchange parameter measurements were made every 1 min (every 30 s at nearly maximal level), and the venous blood samples were taken from a warmed ear lobe at each work rate for determining blood lactate concentration. LT and its variance were determined by the intersecting straight lines regression. LT ranged from 0.72 to 1.40 l/min in terms of VO2, and the mean value of S.D. for each LT was about 0.1 l/min. Each objective method for determining VT used in this study was based on the simple modelling of the criterion for visual detection of VT, that is the non-linear increase in VE or the systematic increase in VE/VO2. When the relationship between LT and VT was examined, VT by the objective methods based on determining minimum value of VE/VO2 showed relatively high consistency with LT. Of 16-20 individuals out of all 21 subjects, there were VT within LT +/- 0.2 in VO2. It is concluded that VE/VO2 is a more sensitive index for detecting VT than VE in the gas exchange parameters, and the objective VT determination method based on minimum value of VE/VO2 could facilitate estimation of LT within an error of +/- 0.2 l/min VO2 in most normal individuals. PMID- 3172575 TI - Pressure-flow relationship of erythrocyte suspension in perfusion of nuclepore membrane and red cell deformability. AB - The hemodynamic characteristics of Nuclepore (NP) membrane filtration were evaluated from a pressure (P)-flow rate (Q) relationship of erythrocyte suspension obtained by the vertical-tube method (Nichol et al., 1951) with a slight modification. It became evident that the vertical-tube method was a more quantitative and simple method than the conventional steady flow perfusion method using a variable speed pump. The P-Q relationship of erythrocyte suspensions in the perfusion of NP membrane consisted of a smooth curve convex to the P-axis at low P tending to a straight line at high P. The extrapolated linear segments of P Q curves of erythrocyte suspension did not converge to the same point on the negative Q-axis, that is, the value of the negative intercept increased as flow decreased. This observation indicated clearly an obstruction or plugging of the pores by erythrocytes. It was made clear that flow rate measured with NP membrane filtration was influenced not only by intrinsic red cell deformability but also by several different factors, namely, the different distribution of pore size of NP membrane, microdust contaminated inevitably in red cell suspension, total volume of cell suspension through NP membrane, stagnation or retention of erythrocyte suspension and the hematocrit value of suspension. In conclusion, the present study shows that the precise definition of deformability depends on the method or rheological conditions, such as hematocrit value of suspension, used to measure it, even if confined within NP membrane filtration. PMID- 3172576 TI - Intramitochondrial inclusions caused by depletion of creatine in rat skeletal muscles. AB - Effect of creatine depletion by beta-guanidinopropionic acid (beta-GPA) feeding on mitochondrial morphology was studied in rats. Following beta-GPA feeding for 9 weeks, intramitochondrial inclusions running parallel to the long axis of mitochondrion were observed in skeletal muscles. A bundle of inclusions consisted of four parallel arrays containing electron-dense materials. Two outer arrays were continuous with cristal membranes and two inner arrays were chains of fine particles. Mitochondria with such inclusions were elongated probably in only a certain direction even though it was suggested that the layers of cristae were straightened two-dimensionally. Longer mitochondria ran parallel to the muscle fibers. It was also suggested that chronic stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis by depletion of high energy phosphates may induce such inclusions within mitochondria. PMID- 3172578 TI - Prostaglandin E1, prostaglandin E2, and endotoxin failure to produce fever in the Japanese freshwater snail Semisulcospira libertina. AB - The thermopreferendum (preferred temperature) of the Japanese freshwater snail (Semisulcospira libertina) was determined in an aquatic temperature gradient after injection of prostaglandin E1, prostaglandin E2, and LPS. Injected doses of each pyrogen ranged from a toxic dose to less than 1/20th of the toxic dose. Toxic effect of the highest doses of pyrogen disappeared within 120 min. No fever occurred during the 150 min observation following the pyrogen injection. The present results support the hypothesis that fever was selected as a way of defending against infection only after the period of the emergence of the molluscus, i.e., the early Cambrian period. PMID- 3172577 TI - Body temperature regulation in rats during exercise of various intensities at different ambient temperatures. AB - We examined the relationship between body temperature, tail vasomotor response, and work intensity at different ambient temperatures in rats, using a treadmill and continuously measuring oxygen uptake during exercise. At an ambient temperature (Ta) of 24 degrees C, rectal temperature (Tre) at the beginning of tail vasodilation during exercise increased in proportion to work intensity. After tail vasodilation Tre remained steady, and at the end of 30 min exercise Tre level was proportional to work intensity. At Ta of 14 degrees C, Tre at the end of exercise was slightly higher than at 24 degrees C, and was higher at higher work intensities. At Ta of 4 degrees C, Tre rose slower during exercise than at higher Tas and even dropped at relatively low work intensities. Tail vasodilation did not occur in most cases. At Ta of 34 degrees C, Tre rose continuously during exercise. These data indicate that body temperature of rats during exercise rises in proportion to work intensity, but the extent of body temperature rises differs according to Ta. PMID- 3172579 TI - Effect of noradrenaline on plasma hormones and metabolites in cold-acclimated rats. AB - The effects of noradrenaline (NA) injection (40 micrograms/100 g, i.p.) on plasma glucagon, corticosterone (CS), deoxycorticosterone (DOCS), glucose, and free fatty acids (FFA) were investigated in cold-acclimated rats (CA) and warm controls (WC). The CA were transferred to warm control temperature ca. 18 h prior to NA or saline injection. The animals were decapitated and the trunk blood was collected 0, 10, 20, and 40 min after the injection. Plasma glucagon level increased significantly during the experimental period after NA, while saline did not influence its level. The magnitude of increase as assessed by 95% confidence interval was significantly greater in CA than in WC. Plasma CS and DOCS were significantly increased by saline injection, but NA caused greater elevations of these steroid-hormones. The magnitudes of increases were also greater in CA. In contrast to the hormonal responses, NA-induced increases of plasma glucose and FFA levels were smaller in CA than in WC. These results suggest that glucagon and glucocorticoids are released, at least partly, by NA, and these thermogenic factors act in synergism, enhancing nonshivering thermogenesis through an accelerated utilization of energy substrates such as glucose and FFA. PMID- 3172581 TI - Surgery for colorectal cancer in elderly patients--a comparison with younger adult patients. AB - Between 1972 and 1986, 668 patients without familial polyposis coli underwent surgery for colorectal cancer at the National Kyushu Cancer Center. Among these, there were 85 patients aged 75 years and older, and 39 patients aged 39 years and younger. The older patients tended to have a higher frequency of less advanced disease (stage I-III) and the progression of cancer in the older patients appeared to be relatively mild. The operative mortality rate of the older patients was as low as 1.2 per cent, which was almost identical to that of the younger adults (0 per cent), being 16.7 per cent for emergency operations, whereas it was 0 per cent for elective operations. The five-year survival curve of the older patients with curative resections was significantly better than that of those with noncurative resections. There was no significant difference in the cancer-related five-year survival curves between the older and younger patients with curative resections. Surgery for colorectal cancer in elderly patients should therefore not be restricted on the basis of chronological age alone. PMID- 3172580 TI - Effects of pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system following open heart surgery. AB - The effects of pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass on the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system and tissue metabolism, especially those which occur soon after surgery, were studied in 26 patients who required total cardiopulmonary bypass for longer than 60 minutes. These patients comprised 11 who underwent open heart surgery utilizing nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (Group I) and 15 who underwent open heart surgery utilizing pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (Group II). Plasma angiotensin II and serum aldosterone levels were significantly increased one and 5 hours postoperatively in Group I when compared with the preoperative values, whereas no significant elevations were observed in Group II. Plasma angiotensin II and serum aldosterone levels one hour postoperatively in Group II were significantly lower than those in Group I. Lactate levels in the arterial blood were significantly elevated, one and 5 hours postoperatively in both Groups I and II. Moreover, no significant difference was observed in the lactate levels between Groups I and II, one hour postoperatively. In the nonpulsatile group (Group I), plasma angiotensin II levels one hour postoperatively were correlated significantly with the duration of total cardiopulmonary bypass. In conclusion, pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass offers significant advantages in terms of lower plasma angiotensin II and serum aldosterone levels, when compared with nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass soon after open heart surgery requiring total cardiopulmonary bypass for longer than 60 minutes, however, it does not offer a definite advantage for tissue metabolism. PMID- 3172582 TI - Endogenous endotoxemia in patients with liver cirrhosis--a quantitative analysis of endotoxin in portal and peripheral blood. AB - In order to investigate the mechanism of endogenous endotoxemia (that is, endotoxemia observed in the absence of infection) in patients with liver cirrhosis, the concentration of endotoxin in the portal (PO-Et) and peripheral blood (PE-Et) from fifty three patients undergoing abdominal surgery was simultaneously measured by a quantitative endotoxin assay. The PE-Et of the patients with liver cirrhosis (19.8 +/- 20.2 pg/ml, n = 23) was significantly elevated, when compared with that of the patients without liver cirrhosis (9.2 +/ 5.1 pg/ml, n = 30), and was close to the normal range of PE-Et obtained from thirty healthy volunteers (7.2 +/- 4.1 pg/ml, n = 30). The PO-Et was also higher in the patients with liver cirrhosis than in the patients without liver cirrhosis. Moreover, PO-Et was significantly higher than PE-Et in all the patients (p less than 0.05). The per cent difference in the endotoxin concentration between the portal and peripheral blood (percentage of delta Et) was significantly decreased in the cirrhotic patients, especially in those with esophageal varices, which was well correlated with the phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) determined by the clearance of iron colloid. The endogenous endotoxemia is thus likely to be due to the impaired clearance of endogenous endotoxin in portal blood, resulting from both the decreased phagocytic activity of RES in the liver and the coexisting porta-systemic bypass. PMID- 3172583 TI - Thyroid carcinoma in an endemic area presenting as solitary thyroid nodules. AB - A retrospective analysis of 66 cases of thyroid cancer presenting as a solitary thyroid nodule (STN) from an endemic area is presented herein. The workup included TSH estimation and radionuclide scanning and patients were divided into two groups. Group A included cases of STN carcinoma diagnosed histologically in patients clinically presenting as a benign STN. Of all the patients who presented with a benign STN, malignancy was found more frequently in 'cold' nodules (13.5 per cent), than in nodules with a different presentation on scintiscanning (0-9.5 per cent). Cancers occurred in 5 per cent of the females and in 19.5 per cent of the males. Group B included patients with overt signs of malignancy. In both groups, the clinical behaviour was determined by the stage at presentation according to TNM classification. TNM staging was found to be a good prognostic indicator, comparable to histopathology. Thus, locoregional recurrence and mortality were found to be higher in advanced T3 lesions and in Group B patients. On the basis of these findings it is suggested that STN cancers may either be an earlier stage of the disease or that the STN cancers in the two groups may be separate disease entities. PMID- 3172584 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-1 in the mediastinal yolk sac tumor. AB - LDH isozymes in both the serum and tumor tissues of 4 patients with mediastinal yolk sac tumors, and in the cystic content of tumors transplanted into nude mice was examined. Our findings suggested that LDH-1, along with AFP, is an important marker of this tumor, and that LDH isozyme study is necessary for its diagnosis. PMID- 3172585 TI - Comparison of nuclear DNA content and exudative stromal reaction between surgical and autopsy materials from gastric and colorectal carcinomas. AB - The nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content of tumor cells and the exudative stromal reaction were compared in materials obtained from the same patients both at the time of surgery and autopsy. There were nine cases of gastric carcinoma and six of colorectal carcinoma. All patients had undergone surgical resection of their primary tumors, survived for over three years and died following a recurrence. The nuclear DNA content of the recurrent or metastatic tumors obtained at autopsy did not appreciably increase, although the exudative stromal reaction was invariably less or even absent. The results of this study suggest that the DNA distribution pattern in gastric and colorectal carcinomas does not change significantly throughout the entire course of the disease, which thus reflects an unchanging biological behavior in these tumors. Furthermore, the exudative stromal reaction decreases at the end stage, implying extensive diminution in host defense mechanisms. PMID- 3172587 TI - The preventive and therapeutic effects of vagotomy for stress ulcer--experimental studies on the aspects of gastric submucosal blood flow and ulcer index. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the preventive and therapeutic effects of vagotomy on the stress-induced ulcer in terms of gastric submucosal blood flow and ulcer index. Stress was induced in male Wistar rats by forced immersion in water, and the gastric submucosal blood flow (hydrogen clearance method) and ulcer index were determined in animals that underwent truncal vagotomy alone or truncal vagotomy + pyloroplasty as well as in untreated controls. Both truncal vagotomy alone and truncal vagotomy + pyloroplasty were effective in maintaining the blood flow during stress and preventing the development of ulcers, however, these effects were more notable in the truncal vagotomy + pyloroplasty animals. Truncal vagotomy alone or truncal vagotomy + pyloroplasty performed after the development of stress-induced ulcers had no therapeutic effects. PMID- 3172586 TI - Characteristics of three human gastric cancer cell lines, NU-GC-2, NU-GC-3 and NU GC-4. AB - Three human gastric cancer cell lines, NU-GC-2, NU-GC-3 and NU-GC-4 were established in vitro from the cancer tissues obtained from 3 patients during surgery. The pathological findings of the gastric tumors of these cases revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (and partial signet-ring cell carcinoma in the case of NU-GC-4). NU-GC-2 and NU-GC-4 were originally obtained from metastatic paragastric lymph nodes and NU-GC-3 was obtained from a metastatic tumor in the brachial muscle. The cells of NU-GC-2 and NU-GC-3 are polygonal in shape and grow as a monolayer sheet. NU-GC-4 cells, however, are mainly spherical in shape with a few free floating cells. Electron microscopy revealed epithelial characteristics in all 3 cell lines. The average doubling time of NU-GC-2 was 36.1 hours, that of NU-GC-3 was 38.2 hours and that of NU-GC-4 was 29.9 hours. The modal chromosome number of NU-GC-2 was 62, that of NU-GC-3 was 58 and those of NU-GC-4 grown in in vitro and in vivo were 52-54 and 53, respectively. In vitro and in vivo lines of NU-GC-4 were established from the same tumor. These two cell lines are quite similar in morphology, but slightly different in karyotype. The in vitro sensitivity to anticancer agents was highest in NU-GC-4 and lowest in NU-GC-2. Of the anticancer agents, mitomycin C and adriamycin were most effective on the cells of all 3 cell lines. PMID- 3172588 TI - Spontaneous regression of extramedullary plasmacytoma--a case report. AB - A case of extramedullary plasmacytoma in the soft tissues of the posterior chest wall of an 80-year old man is reported herein. Immunofluorescence study showed that the tumor cells produced IgG lambda. An M-component was also detected in the patient's serum by paper electrophoresis. Two months following the open biopsy done to establish diagnosis, the tumor underwent spontaneous regression and the M component in the serum also disappeared. This is the first case report of spontaneous regression of an extramedullary plasmacytoma and the probable reasons for this spontaneous regression are discussed herein. PMID- 3172589 TI - A latissimus dorsi muscle flap used for repair of the esophagus after enucleation of a giant leiomyoma--a case report. AB - A giant leiomyoma of the esophagus, 11.5 X 5.0 cm in size, which occupied half of the esophageal circumference, was surgically enucleated. A small epithelial defect caused by the enucleation of the tumor was directly closed, and a large muscular defect was covered with a latissimus dorsi muscle flap, introduced into the thoracic cavity through the space where the second rib had been resected. Postoperatively, a leakage at the epithelial suture line was noted, however, it was localized by the muscle flap coverage and spontaneously healed two weeks postoperatively. During the follow-up period of 1.5 years, no diverticle formation or stenosis occurred, and the patient had no complaints. The present clinical experience indicates that this procedure may be a useful method of grafting after excision of giant leiomyoma of the esophagus. PMID- 3172590 TI - Pure squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland--report of an autopsy case and review of the literature. AB - A rare autopsy case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is reported herein. A 61-year-old Japanese woman with a swelling of the left neck underwent surgery and the resulting tumor was histopathologically diagnosed as pure squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland. She had had the nodule for 20 years, and it was histologically diagnosed as having been a well-encapsulated, follicular adenoma. Histopathological observation of the resected glands also revealed the coexistence of pure squamous cell carcinoma, which presumably originated from the adenoma. Postoperatively, an esophagotracheal fistula formed due to local invasion of the tumor cells. The patient's state gradually deteriorated and she died of severe bronchopneumonia and renal dysfunction, 4 months after the operation. Autopsy revealed no distant metastases, but severe septicemia caused by bacterial infection affecting the systemic organs was found, which presumably resulted in multiple organ failure. PMID- 3172592 TI - Intraoperative pulmonary embolization by the tip of a Polystan venous return catheter. AB - In a 10-year-old girl being treated for ventricular septal defect, the tip of a Polystan venous return catheter broke away when the catheter was being removed at the time of bypass disconnection. Following fluoroscopic identification of the tip in the left peripheral pulmonary artery, it was removed via arteriotomy. PMID- 3172591 TI - A solitary Peutz-Jeghers type hamartomatous polyp in the duodenum--a case report. AB - A 56-yr-old woman with a solitary hamartomatous polyp confined to within the third portion of the duodenum, underwent a successful endoscopic polypectomy. The histological findings were identical to Peutz-Jeghers polyp but all the other clinical features of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome were absent. PMID- 3172593 TI - Diaphragmatic reconstruction using a latissimus dorsi muscle flap following wide resection of the diaphragm combined with esophago-gastrectomy for cardial cancer. PMID- 3172594 TI - Specific reduction of hepatic microsomal benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity after administration of eugenol to the rat. PMID- 3172595 TI - Enterotoxigenic substance and other toxins produced by Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio furnissii. PMID- 3172596 TI - Changes of serum lipids during estrous cycle in the beagle. PMID- 3172597 TI - Hormonal influence on carcinogenicity of methylmercury in mice. PMID- 3172598 TI - Isolation and serological survey of Chlamydia psittaci in sheep in Hokkaido. PMID- 3172600 TI - Fecundity of Pharyngostomum cordatum parasitic in domestic cats. PMID- 3172599 TI - Fatty acid analysis of lipid components of livers from dairy cows with high levels of serum free fatty acids. PMID- 3172602 TI - Survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in two gastropod molluscs, Clithon retropictus and Nerita albicilla. PMID- 3172601 TI - Susceptibility of laboratory-reared Afghan pika, Ochotona rufescens rufescens (Lagomorpha: Ochotonidae), to gastro-intestinal nematodes of ruminants. PMID- 3172603 TI - Analysis of thermic circadian rhythm and degree of parasitemia in dogs infected with Babesia gibsoni. PMID- 3172604 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to Anaplasma centrale. PMID- 3172605 TI - Morphology of Babesia gibsoni in canine erythrocytes. PMID- 3172606 TI - Successful surgical manipulation of portacaval shunt in a dog. PMID- 3172607 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the nuclei isolated from chicken liver. PMID- 3172608 TI - Outbreak of pneumonia caused by Pasteurella haemolytica infection in Shiba goats in Japan. PMID- 3172609 TI - Effect of concentrated feeding on plasma gastrin levels and abomasal acid secretion in an adult cow. PMID- 3172610 TI - Influence of zinc deficiency on the whole-body retention of 65Zn in young and adult mice. PMID- 3172611 TI - Additive effects of tetrocarcin-A and diminazene aceturate concurrently administered against Babesia rodhaini-inoculated mice. PMID- 3172612 TI - [Vitrectomy in the diabetic]. PMID- 3172613 TI - [The diabetic foot: importance of a center for specialized care]. PMID- 3172614 TI - Physician advertising. PMID- 3172615 TI - Deep infection of the hand. PMID- 3172616 TI - [New challenges in midwifery]. PMID- 3172617 TI - [Midwifery--yesterday--today--tomorrow]. PMID- 3172618 TI - Influence of cerebral circulation on measurement of the cerebral glucose metabolic rate by 14C-deoxyglucose method. PMID- 3172619 TI - A basic study on the vocal fold vibration from the viewpoint of the layer system of the vocal fold. PMID- 3172620 TI - A rare fragile site on chromosome requiring bromodeoxyuridine for expression in a childhood population. PMID- 3172621 TI - A patient with advanced renal cell carcinoma managed by multimodal treatment including extensive surgery, interventional radiology and immunotherapy. PMID- 3172622 TI - The evaluation of ADA activity in pleural effusion for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion. PMID- 3172623 TI - [A study on drug regimens against Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection (3). The therapeutic effect of some antimicrobial agents to murine infection model]. PMID- 3172624 TI - [A study of a mass screening for both lung tuberculosis and cancer in Yaizu city- mass screening system and its results]. PMID- 3172625 TI - [Therapeutic effect of Ofloxacin on intractable pulmonary tuberculosis. Chest disease cooperative study unit of National Sanatoriums in Kinki District]. PMID- 3172626 TI - Therapeutic touch. PMID- 3172628 TI - Where does pain control fit? Evaluation by charge nurses of pain management by staff nurses. PMID- 3172627 TI - The psychiatric/mental health nurses in Kansas: who are we? PMID- 3172629 TI - Trends in nurses educators' salaries. PMID- 3172630 TI - Kansas State Nurses' Association response and analysis of the AMA'S proposal to prepare registered care technologists and advanced registered care technologists. PMID- 3172631 TI - A histometrical study on the development of three glomerulopathies. AB - A histometrical study of the distribution pattern of hyalinized glomeruli in diabetic glomerulosclerosis, malignant nephrosclerosis and chronic glomerulonephritis was achieved using the nearest neighbor method. The features of the circulatory dynamics in each disease are discussed based on the results of this study. The glomeruli were hyalinized at random in diabetic glomerulosclerosis. The distribution of hyalinized glomeruli occurred at random in normal kidney, which suggests that glomeruli become hyalinized with no dependency on the vasculature. Malignant nephrosclerosis on the other hand, shows that the glomeruli are hyalinized in clusters, and that suggests that the kidneys react to hypertensive changes in the interlobular artery and more peripheral arteries. The glomeruli supplied by the interlobular arteries will then hyalinize in clusters. If these two renal diseases are used as an end of a spectrum, the distribution pattern of hyalinized glomeruli in chronic glomerulonephritis showed most similarity with that seen in malignant nephrosclerosis. However, the percentage of hyalinized glomeruli was 21% in malignant nephrosclerosis as opposed to 77% in chronic glomerulonephritis. This marked difference suggests that in malignant nephrosclerosis, the percentage of hyalinized glomeruli was low due to participation of arteries larger than the accurate branches. However, the patients became uremic within a short time. Contrary to this finding, in chronic glomerulonephritis, the effect is from the smaller arteries less than that from the interlobular artery. Ordinarily, if an insufficient number of glomeruli become hyalinized, uremia will not develop. Finally, the difference in the genesis and vascular participation of diffuse type and nodular type of diabetic glomerulosclerosis and the relationship between acute glomerulonephritis and chronic glomerulonephritis are discussed. PMID- 3172632 TI - Measurement of urinary para-aminohippuric acid in glycosuric diabetics. PMID- 3172633 TI - Withdrawal from dialysis: an ethical perspective. PMID- 3172634 TI - Mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of K depletion in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - K depletion reverses hypertension in the SHR (systolic blood pressure: K deplete 122 +/- 5 vs. K replete 164 +/- 4 mm Hg, P less than 0.001). To determine the role of the renin angiotensin system in the protective effect of K depletion, we performed studies of vascular reactivity in intact SHR and of angiotensin II (Ang II) binding to mesenteric artery particles and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in culture from SHR. Pressor sensitivity to Ang II (+/- converting enzyme inhibition) but not norepinephrine was reduced in K depleted SHR. Thus, the decreased vascular reactivity in K depletion was specific for Ang II rather than a generalized defect. Ang II binding and receptor number (Bmax) (156 +/- 20 vs. 81 +/- 5 fmol/mg of protein, P less than 0.01) were increased in K depleted mesenteric artery particles. Since K depletion and increases in Ang II have both been associated with increased Ang II binding, Ang II binding was measured after bilateral nephrectomy. Despite reduction of plasma renin activity, total binding and Bmax were still increased in nephrectomized K depleted SHR. To determine the specific effect of K depletion independent of Ang II on Ang II binding, studies were performed in mesenteric artery VSMC from SHR grown in culture. VSMC from K replete SHR were grown to confluency in K replete medium and then were incubated in K depleted medium for 24 hours. Binding was saturable, time and temperature dependent in K replete and K depleted cells. Total binding and Bmax (139 +/- 13 vs. 93 +/- 7 fmol/mg protein, P less than 0.01) were increased in K depleted cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172635 TI - Role of the urinary concentrating process in the renal effects of high protein intake. AB - High protein diet is known to increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and induce kidney hypertrophy. The mechanisms underlying these changes are not understood. Since the mammalian kidney comprises different nephron segments located in well-delineated zones, it is conceivable that the hypertrophy does not affect all kidney zones and all nephron segments uniformly. The present experiments were designed to study the chronic effects of high or low isocaloric protein diets (HP = 32% or LP = 10% casein, respectively) on kidney function and morphology in Sprague-Dawley rats. HP diet induced significant increases in kidney mass, GFR, free water clearance, and maximum urine concentrating ability. Kidney hypertrophy was characterized by: 1. a preferential increase in thickness of the inner stripe of the outer medulla (IS) (+54%, P less than 0.001, while total kidney height, from cortex to papillary tip, increased only by 18%); 2. a marked hypertrophy of the thick ascending limbs (TAL) in the inner stripe (+40% epithelium volume/unit tubular length, P less than 0.05) but not in the outer stripe nor in the cortex; 3. an increase in heterogeneity of glomeruli between superficial (S) and deep (D) nephrons (D/S = 1.47 in HP vs. 1.17 in LP, P less than 0.05). In contrast, normal kidney growth with age and kidney hypertrophy induced by uninephrectomy were not accompanied by preferential enlargement of IS structures. The morphologic changes induced by high protein intake parallel those we previously reported in rats fed a normal diet (25% protein) but in which the operation of the urine concentrating mechanism was chronically stimulated by ADH infusion or by reduction in water intake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172636 TI - Anti-Fx1A produces complement-dependent cytotoxicity of glomerular epithelial cells. AB - Glomerular injury in passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) in rats is mediated by the C5b-9 membrane attack complex (MAC) and is associated with morphologic changes in glomerular visceral epithelial cells (GEC). We determined if the nephritogenic antibody of PHN (gamma 1 sheep anti-Fx1A IgG) directs insertion of the MAC into GEC plasma membranes with consequent cytotoxicity. Antibody-sensitized GEC were exposed to various sera serving as sources of complement. Loss of cell viability was determined by trypan blue uptake and/or by release of cellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Incubation of antibody-sensitized primary and passaged GEC in fresh human serum (FHS) resulted in sigmoidal relationships between cytotoxicity and complement dose (r = 0.97 and 0.94, respectively) such that cytolysis approached 100% with FHS (10% vol/vol). Cytotoxicity was not evident if C8-deficient (C8D) plasma was substituted for FHS, but was restored in a dose dependent manner by reconstitution with purified rat C8. Sublytic injury was demonstrated by wide separation between simultaneous release curves of cell incorporated biscarboxyethyl carboxyfluorescein (BCECF; mol wt approximately equal to 520) and LDH at limiting doses of complement (at 2% FHS, BCECF release was 51.1 +/- 0.6% of maximum vs. 3.2 +/- 1.3% for LDH; N = 3) and by blebbing of the plasma membrane on electron microscopy. Thus, the pathogenic antibody of PHN produces complement-mediated sublytic as well as lytic cytotoxicity of GEC. PMID- 3172637 TI - Contribution of the distal tubule to potassium excretion in experimental glomerulonephritis. AB - The renal adaptations that maintain potassium homeostasis in diffuse forms of glomerular disease are not well defined. Thus, handling of potassium by superficial nephron segments was examined in a rat model of antiglomerular basement membrane nephritis. Sampling the same nephron successively from the end and beginning of the distal tubule and the end of the proximal tubule allowed a segmental analysis. Despite a 40% reduction in GFR, potassium excretion in the glomerulonephritis animals was normal due to an increase in FEK. The proximal tubule and loop segment did not contribute to the enhanced FEK seen in these animals. In contrast, potassium entry along the distal tubule was significantly greater in the experimental group averaging 13.7 +/- 4.3 pmol/min compared to 1.2 +/- 1.7 pmol/min in controls (P less than 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that distal tubule potassium entry at any level of flow was enhanced in glomerulonephritis compared to controls (P less than 0.0001). Plasma aldosterone levels were similar in both groups of animals. Thus, the adaptation to potassium excretion seen in glomerulonephritis is partly achieved by the distal tubule through flow-rate independent mechanisms and appears to be independent of plasma aldosterone levels. PMID- 3172638 TI - Glutathione uptake and protection against oxidative injury in isolated kidney cells. AB - Analysis with radiotracer and high performance liquid chromatography techniques showed that glutathione (GSH) is transported intact into cells primarily of proximal tubule origin. Characteristics of GSH uptake were the same as previously reported for basal-lateral membrane vesicles, namely, uptake was Na+-dependent, inhibited by gamma-glutamylglutamate and/or probenecid, and not inhibited by cysteinylglycine or the constituent amino acids. Studies with inhibitors of gamma glutamyltransferase (acivicin) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (buthionine sulfoximine) showed that GSH uptake, degradation and resynthesis are independent processes. The GSH uptake rate with 1 mM GSH was approximately three-fold greater than the GSH synthetic rate with 1 mM amino acids. To examine whether uptake of GSH can supplement synthesis to protect against injury, we incubated cells with a toxic concentration of t-butylhydroperoxide with or without GSH or its constituent amino acids. Although amino acids provided significant protection, GSH provided greater protection (cells with t-butylhydroperoxide plus GSH were not significantly different from cells alone). This protection by GSH was eliminated by gamma-glutamylglutamate or probenecid, indicating that GSH uptake was required for the protection seen. Protection was also eliminated when the GSSG reductase/GSH peroxidase system was inhibited by bischloronitrosourea (BCNU), indicating that GSH transport affords protection by maintaining GSH levels in the cell. Thus, intact GSH is transported into isolated proximal tubule cells by a Na+-dependent system, and this transported GSH can be used to supplement endogenous synthesis and GSSG reduction to protect cells against oxidative injury. PMID- 3172639 TI - Kinetics of peritoneal dialysis in children: role of lymphatics. AB - Intraperitoneal fluid is absorbed continuously by convective flow into the peritoneal cavity lymphatics. We evaluated the role of lymphatic absorption in the kinetics of peritoneal dialysis during standardized four hour exchanges in six children using 40 ml/kg of 2.5% dextrose dialysis solution. Cumulative lymphatic absorption averaged 10.4 +/- 1.6 ml/kg and reduced the total net transcapillary ultrafiltration during the dwell time by 73 +/- 10%. Due to the considerable lymphatic absorption rate, maximum intraperitoneal volume was observed before osmolar equilibrium. Extrapolated to four study exchanges per day, lymphatic absorption decreased the potential daily drain volumes in the children by 27 +/- 5% and daily peritoneal urea and creatinine clearances by 24 +/- 4% and 22 +/- 5%, respectively. Compared with four hour exchanges using two liters of 2.5% dextrose dialysis solution in 10 adult CAPD patients with average peritoneal transport, the children had more rapid equilibration of urea, greater absorption of dialysate glucose, higher lymphatic absorption and lower net ultrafiltration (P less than 0.01 to P less than 0.05). Lymphatic absorption therefore causes a relatively greater reduction in net ultrafiltration and solute clearances in children than in adults. PMID- 3172640 TI - Cyclosporine A enhances vasopressin-induced Ca2+ mobilization and contraction in mesangial cells. AB - A major problem in cyclosporine A (CsA) therapy is its nephrotoxicity, characterized by a marked fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Since the glomerular ultrafiltration area is an important determinant of GFR and has been proposed to be regulated by mesangial (MS) cell contraction, we examined the effect of CsA on arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced Ca2+ mobilization and contraction in cultured MS cells. Intracellular Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, concentrations were measured using quin 2. Basal levels were not affected by CsA (151.1 +/- 6.2 vs. 145.2 +/- 5.8 nM, NS), but 10 micrograms/ml CsA significantly augmented the 10(-8) M AVP-induced increase of [Ca2+]i (delta 94.5 +/- 6.6 vs delta 167.3 +/- 8.4 nM, P less than 0.01). This effect was also seen in Ca2+-free medium (P less than 0.01). The effect of CsA on [Ca2+]i was not due to an inhibition of 45Ca2+ efflux, since AVP-induced increase of 45Ca2+ efflux at 30 seconds was enhanced in cells pretreated with CsA (1630 +/- 185 vs. 3646 +/- 197 cpm/mg prot/30 sec, P less than 0.01). As compared to control, CsA increased 45Ca2+ uptake in MS cells (7924 +/- 414 vs. 11928 +/- 760 cpm/mg prot/5 min, P less than 0.05); this effect was not affected by the Ca2+ channel blocker verapamil (5 X 10(-5) M, P less than 0.05). MS cell contraction was evaluated by a digital imaging analysis system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172641 TI - Rapid removal of DFO-chelated aluminum during hemodialysis using polysulfone dialyzers. AB - Aluminum (Al) removal following deferoxamine (DFO) therapy in hemodialysis patients was evaluated in a paired-fashion comparing cuprophane (Travenol 12.11) and polysulfone (Fresenius F-80) dialyzers. QB and QD were held constant at 250 and 500 ml/min, respectively. The polysulfone dialyzer increased total plasma Al clearance from 20.0 +/- 2.8 to 80.5 +/- 7.6 ml/min (P less than 0.01), and reduced the t 1/2 of plasma Al during hemodialysis from 538 +/- 113 to 112 +/- 12 min (P less than 0.01). The polysulfone F-80 dialyzer increased Al removal during the first hour of hemodialysis from 518 +/- 191 to 1812 +/- 720 micrograms/hr (P less than 0.01). During a four hour hemodialysis the F-80 dialyzer returned plasma Al levels to pre-DFO values (103 +/- 36 vs. 93 +/- 23, P less than 0.05), suggesting complete removal of the DFO chelated Al complex. In one patient Al removal was evaluated using cuprophane, F-40, F-60 and F-80 dialyzers and the t 1/2 for Al removed decreased from 484.6 to 276.1 and 108 to 99 minutes, respectively. These data show the Fresenius F-80 polysulfone dialyzer effects the rapid removal of DFO-Al complexes. We propose use of the Fresenius F-80 dialyzer in conjunction with reduced DFO doses and i.m. administration of DFO the day prior to dialysis to limit DFO exposure as a method to decrease DFO-related side effects in hemodialysis patients. PMID- 3172642 TI - Renal cortical mitochondrial transport of calcium in chronic uremia. AB - Calcium overload of tubular cells may occur in uremia, and may be the underlying functional abnormality in the continued deterioration of renal function in chronic renal failure. In order to study this question further, the effect of chronic uremia on the calcium transport properties and respiratory rates was examined in mitochondria (Mi) isolated from the cortex of the remnant kidneys of subtotally nephrectomized rats (SNX) and sham operated controls (C). Plasma calcium concentration was similar in both groups of rats, but a significant hyperphosphatemia was seen in SNX, 8.6 +/- 0.6 mg%, as compared to 7.2 +/- 0.2 mg% in C (P less than 0.001). Mi calcium and phosphate concentrations (nmol/mg protein) were significantly elevated in SNX, 49.9 +/- 7.9 and 35.1 +/- 4.2, respectively, in SNX compared to C, 21.2 +/- 4.2 and 21.4 +/- 2.7, respectively (P less than 0.01). Mi respiratory control ratio and ADP/O were similar in both experimental groups. Kinetic parameters for calcium uptake (Ca2+ concentrations in the medium of 1.25 to 16 microM) revealed initial velocities 1.5-fold higher in SNX Mi than in C. Mi retention of calcium in the presence of medium Ca2+ concentrations up to 500 microM was studied. Calcium retention was reduced in SNX: the Mi were unable to retain calcium at concentrations of 250 microM. The addition of ruthenium red to the medium substantially improved calcium retention by the uremic Mi. Chronic parathyroidectomy did not correct either the increased calcium uptake or the poor retention of uremic Mi.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172643 TI - Adaptation to chronic hypoosmolality in rats. AB - A method for maintaining chronic severe hypoosmolality in rats is described utilizing subcutaneous infusions of the antidiuretic vasopressin analogue 1 deamino-[8-D-arginine] vasopressin (DDAVP) at rates of 1 or 5 ng/hr via osmotic minipumps in combination with self-ingestion of a concentrated, nutritionally balanced liquid diet. Using these methods, 97.3% of all rats studied achieved stable levels of severe hyponatremia (plasma [Na+] = 111.6 +/- 0.5 mEq/liter, N = 213), which was sustained for periods of time ranging from two to five weeks. Mortality was low (1.8%) and observable morbidity was not noted over a series of studies encompassing 4,628 rat days of sustained hypoosmolality. Analysis of food intake and body weight revealed no evidence of tissue catabolism at any time with the lower (1 ng/hr) DDAVP infusion rate, and only during the first week with the higher (5 ng/hr) rate. Metabolic balance studies during 13 days of sustained hypoosmolality demonstrated the dilutional nature of the hypoosmolality, and only a limited degree of renal escape from the antidiuretic effects of DDAVP (urine osmolalities 800 to 1200 mOsm/kg H2O). Studies of brain water and electrolyte contents demonstrated complete normalization of brain volume after 14 to 28 days of sustained hypoosmolality, the major part of which (70%) could be accounted for by loss of brain electrolytes. Both natriuresis and kaliuresis occurred during the first five days of hypoosmolality, and were of sufficient magnitude to suggest some degree of adaptation of other body fluid compartments via electrolyte losses as well. These results indicate that rats have substantial capacity to tolerate prolonged severe hypoosmolality with little morbidity and mortality as long as proper attention is paid to their nutritional requirements, and provide further evidence that brain volume regulation likely represents the major adaptive mechanism that allows survival despite sustained hypoosmolality. PMID- 3172644 TI - Regulation of glomerular filtration rate in chronic congestive heart failure patients. AB - The purpose of this study was to identify the factor(s) that characterize impaired glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in congestive heart failure (CHF) patients. We studied 34 patients, measuring systemic hemodynamics, vasoactive hormones, and sodium and volume status. Renal plasma flow (para-aminohippurate) and GFR (inulin) were assessed by steady-state clearance techniques. Both linear and multiple regression analyses were performed. Impaired GFR was characterized by reduction of renal blood flow and renal fraction of cardiac output, and by an increase of renal vascular resistance. The correlation between GFR and filtration fraction (r = 0.492, P less than 0.003) indicated that individuals with greatest impairment of GFR had the lowest filtration fraction and increased overall renal vascular resistance, indicating dependence of GFR on afferent, rather than efferent vasoconstriction, under conditions of low renal perfusion. Mean vasoactive hormones and blood volume were increased, but without clear cut correlation with GFR. The greatest impairment of GFR was observed in elderly CHF patients, as renal blood flow and function demonstrated an age-dependent decline, in addition to the adverse effects of CHF. In a multiple regression model, renal blood flow and filtration fraction accounted for 69% and 25%, respectively, of the variability of GFR, with a co-linear influence of age. Thus, we have identified age-related, abnormal renal hemodynamic patterns in CHF, and the fragile nature of GFR in the elderly CHF population. PMID- 3172645 TI - Extra-renal production of calcitriol in chronic renal failure. AB - Renal 1-alpha-hydroxylase activity is tightly regulated in normal humans and intact animals. No significant changes in serum 1,25(OH)2D levels occur in response to vitamin D challenge. However, conflicting reports have appeared in the literature with regard to stimulation of 1,25(OH)2D production after 25(OH)D administration in uremia. To provide further insight into this issue, 25(OH)D at a dose of 100 micrograms every other day for two weeks followed by 50 micrograms every other day for the next two weeks was given orally to seven uremic mongrel dogs. After two weeks of 25(OH)D therapy, 1,25(OH)2D levels increased from 16.4 +/- 0.9 to 28.0 +/- 1.9 pg/ml (P less than 0.001) in parallel with a fourfold increase in 25(OH)D concentrations from a basal of 50.1 +/- 6.5 to 203.2 +/- 18.1 ng/ml. No significant changes in serum i-PTH, ICa or P were observed. Linear regression analysis of the relationship between serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D versus 25(OH)D, for each dog during this period, showed highly significant correlation coefficients. To evaluate the possibility that extra renal sites contribute to the described enhanced 1,25(OH)2D net synthesis after 25(OH)D treatment, similar studies were performed in four anephric patients undergoing hemodialysis. Basal serum 1,25(OH)2D levels were 5.5 +/- 2.4 pg/ml and increased to 19.6 +/- 5.0 pg/ml after 25(OH)D administration. A significant correlation was also found for the relationship between serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D in anephrics (r = 0.72, P less than 0.001). The same therapy in four normal volunteers showed no significant changes in serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172646 TI - Prognostic indicators in patients presenting with the nephrotic syndrome. AB - Clinical data from 246 patients presenting with a nephrotic syndrome and biopsy proven glomerular disorder were analyzed, using statistical survival techniques, to determine which of several variables (sex, age, plasma creatinine, diastolic blood pressure and 24-hour urinary protein loss) were associated with subsequent end-stage renal failure. The best prediction of outcome could be made at one year (N = 121); then plasma creatinine (P less than 0.001) and heavy proteinuria (P = 0.049) were the best determinants. For a given plasma creatinine level, heavy urinary protein was associated with a worse outcome. The incidence of end-stage renal failure was greatest three to four years from the date edema first developed. Plasma creatinine and urinary protein values, collected four-monthly throughout the study period, were analyzed as time-dependent covariates. A relationship was found between the prevailing risk of renal failure and earlier heavy proteinuria (P less than 0.001). Spontaneous complete remission of proteinuria was associated with a highly favorable outcome (P = 0.001) and normal, or impaired but stable, renal function. PMID- 3172647 TI - Mesangiolysis in diabetic glomeruli: its role in the formation of nodular lesions. AB - In order to elucidate a participation of the mesangiolysis in the formation of diabetic nodular lesions, 355 kidney specimens obtained from 327 patients with primary diabetes mellitus were studied. Mesangiolyses begun by focal and segmental disintegration of the pivotal structure of the mesangium ("torn off phase"), resulting in cystic or aneurysmal dilatation of the involved tuft, were found in 56 specimens (16%). The dilated tufts were filled with lysed mesangial matrix, which showed a reticular or fibrillar arrangement ("structureless phase"), being followed by a concentrical re-arrangement ("reconstructive phase") and by the ultimate formation of diabetic nodules. The mesangiolysis of various phases was frequently found concomitant with severe diabetic arteriolosclerosis and, in the reconstructive phase, the lysed mesangial matrix near the recanalized capillary along the inner aspect of glomerular basement membrane was observed to be rearranged in a layered structure. These results suggest the hypothesis that: 1) the mesangiolysis is the initial lesion occurring in glomeruli in the process of diabetic nodule formation, and disturbed blood flow into glomeruli, caused by diabetic arteriolosclerosis, may be implicated in the development of the mesangiolysis; and 2) concentric compression of the lysed mesangial matrix by recanalized capillaries forms layered structures and ultimate completed diabetic nodules. PMID- 3172648 TI - The role of aldosterone in potassium tolerance: studies in anephric humans. AB - Since the role of aldosterone in mediating extrarenal potassium transport remains uncertain, the effect of mineralocorticoid on potassium metabolism was assessed in anephric patients. Seven anephric patients underwent three identical 72-hour periods between hemodialyses during which treatment with either 10 mg/day deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) intramuscularly or 300 mg/day spironolactone orally was compared to a baseline control period. The serum potassium rise, plasma aldosterone, salivary and stool electrolytes were measured in response to potassium loading over 48 hours with a metabolic diet containing 38 mEq/day followed by an "acute" oral potassium load of 0.5 mEq/kg. Acute potassium loading with DOCA resulted in a lower increment in serum potassium than with spironolactone (P less than 0.01). The volume of distribution of the acute potassium load at three hours was 55% of body weight with DOCA, which was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than with either spironolactone (35%) or control (34%). However, with the dietary load of potassium, the increments in serum potassium measured at 24 and 48 hours (13 hours post-prandial) were similar in all three periods. The volume of distribution of the dietary potassium was not altered by DOCA or spironolactone but had risen to an average of 172% at 24 hours and 243% at 48 hours in the three periods. Plasma aldosterone levels were low, positively correlated to the serum potassium and similar in all three periods without evidence of feedback inhibition by DOCA or stimulated by spironolactone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172649 TI - The effect of dialysate on peritoneal phagocyte oxidative metabolism. AB - The respiratory and oxidative responses of human peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and peritoneal macrophages (PM phi) following exposure to unused continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis fluid (CAPD) and early dwell effluent were studied using an open oxygen (O2) electrode system and by measurement of oxygen radical-derived luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Both cell types responded to stimulation by increasing O2 consumption and by generating chemiluminescence even at external O2 concentrations below 50 microM O2. Oxygen concentrations in the dialysate, as measured by blood gas analysis, were never lower than 118 +/- 8.3 microM O2 even during active peritonitis. Thus oxygen availability does not appear to be rate limiting for phagocyte oxidative metabolism in the peritoneal cavity. Preexposure of both inflammatory cell types to unused fluid or early dwell CAPD effluent significantly reduced both stimulated oxygen uptake and the subsequent ability of these cells to generate chemiluminescence without significantly affecting their viability. Further investigation of this down regulatory phenomenon using unused fluid and laboratory prepared dialysis fluid revealed that low pH (5.3) and high sodium lactate concentration in combination are directly responsible for the suppressive effect of unused fluid and early dwell effluent on cell function. These observations demonstrate that cellular host defense may be impaired early in the dialysis cycle as a result of lactate mediated "stunning" of resident phagocytes. The precise nature of the molecular species responsible for this suppressive effect remains to be identified. PMID- 3172650 TI - [Results of treatment of 69 children with hemolytic-uremic syndrome]. PMID- 3172651 TI - [Iatrogenic hydrothorax in a child with ventriculoperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus internus]. PMID- 3172652 TI - [A case report of amniogenic abnormality]. PMID- 3172653 TI - [Indications for cranial sonography in the neonatal period and infancy]. PMID- 3172654 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations in hypothalamic- hypophyseal dwarfism]. PMID- 3172655 TI - [The effect of cimetidine on the transmural potential difference (tPD) of the gastric mucosa in children and adults]. PMID- 3172656 TI - [Recommendations for the prevention of nosocomial infections caused by herpes simplex virus]. PMID- 3172657 TI - [Possibilities of identifying patients at risk for stress ulcer]. PMID- 3172658 TI - [Isolated tuberculosis of the hepatobiliary system]. PMID- 3172659 TI - [Varicocele in kidney tumors]. PMID- 3172660 TI - [Surgical treatment of thyroid carcinoma in childhood]. PMID- 3172661 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic manipulations under computed tomographic control]. PMID- 3172662 TI - [Performing thyroidectomy on patients having under gone non-radical surgery for thyroid carcinoma]. PMID- 3172663 TI - [A case of foreign body in the bladder serving as the nucleus for a calculus]. PMID- 3172664 TI - [Traumatic vesicosigmoid fistula]. PMID- 3172665 TI - [Obstructive obturator hernia]. PMID- 3172666 TI - [A method for treating anoperineal defects following radical operations on anorectal tumors]. PMID- 3172667 TI - [Extracorporeal lithotripsy of ureteral calculi using shock waves]. PMID- 3172668 TI - [A method for the surgical treatment of sigmoid volvulus]. PMID- 3172669 TI - [Nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis--a review of 31 cases]. AB - Non-immunologic hydrops fetalis-a review of 31 cases: 31 Patients with non immunologic hydrops fetalis (NIHF) seen between 1984 and 1987 are described. 13 infants survived. The infants with major congenital malformations and connatal infections died. In 8 of the patients who died a cause for NIHF could not be identified. 10 of the survivors presented chylous ascites and/or chylothorax without major congenital anomalies. 2 infants had fetal tachyarrhythmia and 1 patient showed severe anemia due to fetomaternal hemorrhage. PMID- 3172670 TI - [Assessment and therapeutic possibilities in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of the newborn infant]. AB - Internal hydrocephalus follows intraventricular hemorrhage in about 10%. Progression is directly related to the degree of hemorrhage. Several studies confirmed that cerebral damage may occur without an increase of intracranial pressure or head circumference. Assessment and therapeutic consequences depend entirely on sonographic and clinical criteria. In our series, 40 of 135 neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage developed internal hydrocephalus. Therapy was necessary in 35 children, 11 died. Serial lumbar punctures were the most frequent therapeutic approach in 70% of the children. 40% required a shunt, usually a ventriculo-peritoneal system. In this group the proportion of Grade III and IV hemorrhage was high. In 25% external drainage for one week was necessary. 10% were treated with acetazolamide and furosemide. By this therapy shunt placement could be avoided in 9 children (69.2%), in the group with Grade III hemorrhage. In addition it was possible to postpone shunting to the third month on the average. 25 children were followed-up. 40% were normal or had a mild developmental delay. 60% were seriously handicapped. Poor neurodevelopmental outcome was related directly to hemorrhage Grade III and IV, therefore to brain damage in the early phase. To prevent additional lesions it should be emphasized that in infantile hydrocephalus best long-term results have been obtained if the process was controlled early rather than later. PMID- 3172671 TI - [Pulsed Doppler sonographic determination of normal values of blood flow velocities in the anterior cerebral artery in premature and newborn infants]. AB - In 384 healthy prematurely born infants, full-term newborns and older infants (conceptional age: 26 to 60 weeks; weight at investigation: 720 g to 5800 g) the flow in the anterior cerebral arteries was measured by pulsed doppler-sonography. All infants were investigated with a 5 MHz probe (ATL Mark 600 and Acuson 128). The following parameters were measured from the flow profile: The maximal systolic velocity, the end-systolic and end-diastolic velocity as well as the mean flow velocity, the pulsatility-index and the resistance-index. For all parameters the relationship to the conceptional age and weight were analysed. All flow velocities increased with increasing conceptional age: There was an exponential increase of the flow velocities with the conceptional age, whereas the relationship between the weight and the flow velocities was linear. In contrast to this neither the pulsatility-index nor the resistance-index changed with increasing conceptional age and weight. As flow velocities in the anterior cerebral arteries increase with increasing conceptional age and weight both parameters must be taken into consideration when pathologic flow velocities are measured. PMID- 3172672 TI - [Hearing screening using acoustically evoked brain stem potentials in newborn infants and infants]. AB - Reported failure rates of hearing screening using the conventional brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) audiometry range from 5% to 60% with about 30% of the babies having normal hearing sensitivity on follow-up. Testing an automated infant screener using advanced evoked response technology the results of this new system are compared to a conventional evoked response system operated by skilled personal. 50 neonates (100 ears) were tested at a gestational age of 40-42 weeks. Normal results were obtained in all 25 neonates (50 ears) of the control group using both testing procedures. Out of 25 neonates (50 ears) at risk for congenital, peri- or postnatal hearing disorder abnormal results were seen with either one or both methods in 8 patients. In 4 out of 100 investigated ears (4%) results of the BAER infant screener were false positive and in 2 cases (2%) false negative. The possibilities and limits of this hearing screener are evaluated and its validity for newborn-screening compared to known follow-up studies are discussed. PMID- 3172673 TI - [Determination of bilirubin in capillary plasma by a direct photometric method (DPM, bilirubinometer) and the chemical determination of bilirubin in the bilirubin determination (2,5-dichlorophenyldiazonium method) in serum of venous blood samples]. AB - The determination of bilirubin in serum was performed by the 2.5 dichlorphenyldiazonium method (DPD) and in capillary plasma by the direct photometric method (DPM). Both methods showed a good precision and accuracy. The investigation was carried out in 135 samples with a bilirubin concentration up to 25 mg/dl. The comparison of the two methods in 62 samples with a bilirubin concentration up to 10 mg/dl showed a correlation coefficient of r = 0.862 and in 73 samples with a bilirubin concentration between 10 and 25 mg/dl a correlation coefficient of r = 0.893. In 29 cases (21.5%) we found differences between the two methods of 1.5-4.0 mg/dl. Most of them were in the critical higher range. Discussion of the DPD and DPM methods. PMID- 3172674 TI - [Reactivation of sunburn by methotrexate]. AB - For B-All, we treated a five-year-old boy with a combination chemotherapy course including intermediate-dose methotrexate (MTX) with citrovorum factor rescue (CF) two days after a mild sunburn. The insolation inflammation vanished completely, but was reactivated after three days much more severely than the original sunburn, and healed slowly over three weeks. The reactivation phenomenon has previously been described in man and in the guinea pig. It differs substantially from "radiation recall" caused by other cytostatic drugs, as sunburn is not enhanced by MTX applied simultaneously with insolation and is not reactivated if MTX is given more than a week later. Previously irradiated skin regions are spared from the reactivation. Although the phenomenon is not prevented by CF, it can probably be understood as enhanced MTX toxicity to the hyperproliferating basal cell layer of skin after insolation damage. MTX should therefore not be applied for one week after sunburn. PMID- 3172675 TI - [Lung resection in the principle disease of mucoviscidosis and status following poliomyelitis--2 case reports]. AB - Two cases of destroyed lung after repeated pneumonia are reported; one in a patient suffering from cystic fibrosis in the age of 8 years, the other in a 15 year old girl with a phrenic nerve paralysis. In both children physiotherapy as well as retreatments with appropriate antibiotics did not achieve any long-term curative effect. Therefore a pneumonectomy was indicated. In the patient with cystic fibrosis a small air leak was observed on the first postoperative day at the bronchial suture line, which was treated with an immediate rethoracotomy and correction. In the other child a pericardial effusion 4 weeks after surgery occurred. Regression was seen within two weeks under antibiotic therapy. In diseases such as cystic fibrosis and paralysis of the diaphragm a resection of the lung is justified in cases even if they are complicated by recurrent infections due to atelectasis or bronchiectasia. The preoperative investigation includes the proof of a total lung failure by scintiscan and/or measurement of a mucociliary clearance. A non altered function of the remaining lung is a prerequisite. PMID- 3172676 TI - HIV-related malignant lymphomas. A clinical and pathological study of 13 cases. AB - The clinical and laboratory records of 13 patients with HIV-related lymphomas diagnosed between 1983 and 1987 are reviewed. 8 cases were classified as high grade Non-Hodgkin-lymphomas (NHL), 4 as low-grade NHL (including 2 plasmocytomas), and one as Hodgkin's disease (HD). 11 of the 12 NHL were of the B cell lineage. The mean patient's age was 39 years. At initial staging evaluation extranodal disease was present in 10 patients, in one of them as primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma; 9 patients presented with stage III or stage IV involvement. 9 patients were eligible for multidrug chemotherapy. In 5 cases an initial complete remission (CR) was observed, followed, however, by CNS relapse within a few months in 3 patients. 3 patients did not respond to chemotherapy and died within 4 to 6 weeks. Of the 9 patients treated chemotherapeutically, 5 died within 1 to 5 months, 1 is still alive in CR and 3 are still alive in partial remission (PR). PMID- 3172677 TI - Lipoprotein pattern in long-term diabetes of an at least 35 years' duration. Results of the Erfurt Study. AB - All diabetic patients suffering from the disease for at least 20 years and living in the closed area of the Erfurt district in 1970 have been followed prospectively since that time. In 47 of them still alive in 1985, i.e. after more than 35 years of diabetes, serum lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations were measured and compared to those of non-diabetic subjects without cardiovascular diseases (n = 47) pair-matched by sex, age, and body weight. In males (n = 27) significantly (p less than 0.01) higher levels of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I as well as lower concentrations of triglycerides and a lower total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol risk ratio than in nondiabetic control subjects could be found. In long-term diabetic females (n = 20), apolipoprotein A-I levels were also increased (p less than 0.02). Trends in HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were similar to those found in males but did not reach statistical significance. Higher concentrations of total cholesterol (p less than 0.02), LDL cholesterol (P less than 0.05), and apolipoprotein B (p less than 0.02), however, did not fit in with a beneficial lipoprotein pattern. The frequency of pathological lipoprotein patterns was not higher than among the non-diabetic control subjects (32% and 40%, respectively). According to these findings an antiatherogenic lipoprotein pattern might be considered, at least in males, as one of the determinants causing the multifactorial event of long-term survival in diabetes. PMID- 3172678 TI - [Clinical characterization of essential thrombocythemia in comparison to other myeloproliferative diseases and reactive thrombocytoses]. PMID- 3172679 TI - Cardiac myxoma. Clinical and pathologic features in 15 cases. AB - Neoplasms are rare cardiac findings of which myxomas comprise about 75%. We report of 15 patients, predominantly female (60%) with a mean age of 58.8 years. Male patients (40%) were 20 years younger on average. 80% of these tumors developed in the left atrium fixed to the atrial septum. In 2 patients the right ventricle and in 1 patient the right atrium was involved. No left ventricular or bilateral tumors were found. Clinical findings showed a great variety of symptoms. Often misdiagnosis was established until echocardiography was performed. Major symptoms were dyspnea (80%), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (73%), arrhythmias (53%), lung edema (47%), embolization (40%) and anemia (40%). Pathological examination and tumor genesis are still in discussion. Several theories are reported in literature: a true thrombus, thrombus organization with malignant potential, true neoplasms as well as a familiar myxoma complex may explain clinical and histological features. Our findings did not confirm only one theory but emphasize different possibilities. PMID- 3172680 TI - Activity of serum thymidine kinase in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: relationship to other prognostic factors. AB - The value of serum deoxythymidine kinase (TK) for the staging and evaluation of disease activity of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) as compared with serum beta 2 microglobulin, serum lactate dehydrogenase, blood sedimentation rate, blood hemoglobin, white blood cell count, lymphocyte count and platelet count was investigated in 101 patients. In addition, the performance status was determined by the Karnofsky index. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; n = 43) and immunocytoma (IC; n = 19) were staged according to the Binet classification, and the other low (n = 28) and high grade NHL (n = 8) according to the Ann Arbor classification. The analysis of all CLL and IC patients revealed that TK values correlated better with Binet stages (p = 0.01; n = 58) than blood sedimentation rate (p = 0.05, n = 12), lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.08; n = 50), beta 2 microglobulin (p = 0.29; n = 28), lymphocyte count (p = 0.70; n = 57), white blood cell count (p = 0.69, n = 59) and the Karnofsky index (p = 0.16, n = 50). Mean TK levels of these patients were for Binet stage A 6.2 +/- 0.8 U/l (mean +/- S.E.M., range 2.3-18.0), stage B 13.3 +/- 6.5 U/l (3.8-38.8) and stage C 19.6 +/- 4.4 U/l (1.9-79.0), and for 22 healthy controls 3.8 +/- 0.2 U/l (2.2-6.0). Patients with multiple courses of chemotherapy (n = 32) previous to the study had significantly (p = 0.01) higher TK levels (16.4 +/- 3.7 U/l; 2.3-79.0) than those with only up to one course (n = 66; TK: 8.6 +/- 1.4 U/l; 1.5-66.3). The follow-up of 16 patients with low grade NHL showed that serum TK levels paralleled well the clinical response. The results indicate that TK might be a worthful parameter to estimate progression and response to therapy of NHL. PMID- 3172681 TI - Influence of L-thyroxine on cardiac function in athyreotic thyroid cancer patients--an echophonocardiographic study. AB - We have assessed left ventricular performance in twelve athyreotic patients by echophonocardiography during and after their follow-up investigations. Patients were investigated after 4 weeks without and after 2 as well as 4 weeks of therapy with 150-200 micrograms L-thyroxine (L-T4). At the end of 4 weeks withdrawal of L T4 patients were severely hypothyroid in terms of T4 and thyrotropin (TSH) serum levels as well as total cholesterol plasma levels. In comparison to values obtained in 12 age and sex matched normal controls left ventricular preejection period was prolonged at that time point (110 +/- 20 vs. 90 +/- 20 (SD) ms, p less than 0.05) and the isovolumetric relaxation period (IVRP) was significantly lengthened (78 +/- 16 vs 54 +/- 10 ms, p less than 0.01). Left ventricular ejection phase indices (fractional shortening and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening) did not differ significantly from normal. Preejection period dropped to 90 +/- 20 ms (p less than 0.05) after 4 weeks of therapy with L-T4. IVRP decreased to 67 +/- 13 ms (p less than 0.01) but remained significantly prolonged compared to normal. Serum T4, TSH and plasma cholesterol were compatible with borderline hyperthyroidism at that thime point. Thus, systolic as well as diastolic left ventricular performance (especially during isovolumic phases) appear to respond rapidly to thyroid hormone deficiency of short duration and at least partly to resupplementation. PMID- 3172682 TI - [A rare cause of infection in chronic dialysis patients: Malta fever (febris undulans melitensis)]. AB - A 45-years-old Greek patient developed septicaemia in his 10th year of hemodialysis treatment. Clinical investigation was directed first on bacterial infection of the arteriovenous shunt, on urosepsis or bronchopulmonary infection. Then, serologically (Widal's reaction and ELISA-test) and in different blood cultures Brucella melitensis was detected as causative agent for Malta fever (Febris undulans). The focus of infection is suspected in unpasteurized sheep milk cheese of mediterranean origine, wherein Brucella species can survive for months. The patient was treated effectively by a combination of amoxycilline and clavulanic acid. PMID- 3172684 TI - [How to relieve labor pain]. PMID- 3172683 TI - [Dose response relations of allopurinol]. PMID- 3172685 TI - [The development of social attachment in infancy]. PMID- 3172686 TI - [A model for advanced nursing practice]. PMID- 3172687 TI - [Application of nursing diagnosis: a patient with chronic active hepatitis]. PMID- 3172688 TI - [Studies of prolactin levels in antepartum and postpartum women]. PMID- 3172689 TI - [Results in extracorporeal lithotripsy of biliary calculi]. PMID- 3172690 TI - [Prevention of transurethral catheter-caused urinary tract infections]. PMID- 3172691 TI - [Clinical aspects, indication for and results of intraocular lens implantation]. PMID- 3172692 TI - [Addictive eating behavior: bulimia nervosa]. PMID- 3172693 TI - [Experiences in caring for leukemia children and their parents]. PMID- 3172694 TI - [Treatment in an Islamic university hospital]. PMID- 3172695 TI - [On law, custom and morality]. PMID- 3172696 TI - [Metoclopramide]. PMID- 3172697 TI - [The German Nursing Society demands relief of personnel shortage in psychiatry]. PMID- 3172698 TI - UKCCCR guidelines for the welfare of animals in experimental neoplasia. PMID- 3172699 TI - Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase in the Mongolian gerbil and other species: a comparative view. AB - Cytochemical analyses performed on peripheral blood smears of the Mongolian gerbil reveal the presence of variable amounts of leucocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) activity in the neutrophil of this species. Levels of activity in individual cells ranged from 1 to 4+. Cells completely devoid of activity were rarely encountered. Immature neutrophils residing in the bone marrow also displayed moderate amounts of enzymatic activity. The results of a semiquantitative assessment of overall LAP activity in this rodent, expressed as a mean LAP score, were compared with similar analyses carried out on a diverse sample of vertebrates. Intermediate levels of activity were recorded for the gerbil (means = 241). This score was comparable to that obtained for the rat (means = 199) and significantly higher than that seen in man (means = 79). A wide range of LAP scores were noted for closely related species, as well as phylogenetically distant species. PMID- 3172700 TI - Blood coagulation studies in guineapigs (Cavia porcellus). AB - Blood coagulation studies were performed on 45 healthy, adult guinea pigs. Additionally thrombelastograms of 30 animals were recorded. Guineapigs revealed short partial thromboplastin times and euglobulin lysis times, but long prothrombin times and thrombin times. Fibrinogen values were within the range of human normal values. Biphasic ADP-induced aggregation of platelets, as occurs in man, was found in 29% of the animals. Short r (reaction time until the beginning of clot formation) and k times (time from the beginning of clot formation until an amplitude of 20 mm) of their thrombelastograms indicate, that whole blood clotting is enhanced in guineapigs. Higher maximum amplitudes in this species suggest a stronger clot stability than in man. PMID- 3172701 TI - An analgesiometry system for use in rabbits with some preliminary data on the effects of buprenorphine and lofentanil. AB - A low cost infrared skin heating system has been designed to measure the efficacy of analgesics in rabbits. Following construction of a prototype, it was used to assess the effect of buprenorphine given subcutaneously and per rectum. Buprenorphine administered subcutaneously has a rapid onset of action, but its duration (8-10 h) appears slightly shorter than has been suggested previously; rectal administration appears to prolong its effect. Preliminary data show that lofentanil has a longer duration of action than buprenorphine and it may prove, therefore, to be a valuable long-acting analgesic in the rabbit. PMID- 3172702 TI - Rearing cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) on surrogate mothers with bottle feeding. AB - Fifty-two cynomolgus monkeys were reared in peer groups on surrogate mothers and fed by bottle during the first months of life. A description of the technique of bottle feeding and the structure of surrogate mothers is presented. Results are shown in a growth curve. Inter-individual differences in body weight were very large. The mean weight was higher in males than in females, but no significant sex differences in growth occurred. The weight of mother-reared infants stayed within the standard deviation of the mean weight of the artificially-reared subjects. PMID- 3172703 TI - Genetic monitoring of rat strains using monoclonal antibodies specific for polymorphic class I and class II MHC antigens. AB - An enzyme-linked immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies, specific for polymorphic class I and class II MHC antigens distributed among inbred, congenic and hybrid strains of rats, was developed, in order to provide an easy means of identifying different strains of rats by typing their blood cells. PMID- 3172704 TI - Whole blood folate values in normal female hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). AB - Whole blood folate estimations in adult female hamsters, using radioassay kits gave values similar to human data and comparable with previously reported serum folate levels measured using microbiological techniques. PMID- 3172705 TI - The effectiveness of Ivomec and Neguvon in the control of murine mites. AB - The effectiveness of different methods of external applications of Neguvon and Ivomec for treating infestations with Myobia musculi and Myocoptes spp. in conventional colonies of laboratory mice was investigated. Ivomec appeared to be effective over a longer period of time than Neguvon. There was no difference in the results obtained with different methods of application, but spraying seems to be more practical for large colonies of mice than individual dipping. PMID- 3172706 TI - The use of repeated treatment with Ivomec and Neguvon spray in the control of murine fur mites and oxyurid worms. AB - In a previous study, a single external treatment with Ivomec appeared to be more effective than Neguvon treatment. In this study the antiendoparasitic qualities of external application of Ivomec were investigated, together with the effectiveness of a combined Neguvon and Ivomec treatment. After 3 treatments, all mice were mite- and worm-free: they remained free of ectoparasites until 18 weeks after the last treatment; eggs of endoparasites reappeared 9 weeks after the last treatment. PMID- 3172707 TI - Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes of two breeds of domestic fowl in the warm humid tropics. AB - Erythrocyte (RBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) values were found to be higher in Nigerian domestic fowls than those in Hubbard fowls. PCV and Hb values were higher in males than in females in both breeds. Erythrocytes of the Nigerian fowl were observed to be more susceptible to osmotic haemolysis than were erythrocytes of the Hubbard fowl. Erythrocytes of male fowls were osmotically more fragile than were those of female fowls in both breeds. PMID- 3172708 TI - Mebendazole for worming mice: effectiveness and side effects. AB - The use of mebendazole-treated diet (60 ppm) effectively controlled Hymenolepis nana and Aspiculuris tetraptera in a large mouse breeding colony. In a 3 generation pilot study using a medicated diet, there was some reduction in litter size and in female growth rate and an overall 2.07% incidence of kinky tails in the offspring. When the whole mouse colony was fed mebendazole-treated diet, a high incidence of kinky tails (maximum 46% of weaned offspring) occurred. PMID- 3172709 TI - An evaluation of three anaesthetic regimes in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica). AB - The effect of several anaesthetic agents on the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) was investigated. Pentobarbitone sodium at a dose of 50 mg/kg sedated the animals but did not produce analgesia or anaesthesia. A combination of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine at 40 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg, respectively, sedated the animals, but anaesthetic levels were not attained. Halothane was most effective in producing anaesthesia in Monodelphis domestica. Hypothermia was a major side effect with all three anaesthetic regimes. PMID- 3172710 TI - Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels in the Fischer 344 inbred rat. AB - Plasma levels of T3 and T4 were measured in male and female Fischer 344 (F344/Cr1) inbred rats aged 10, 17, 30, 56, 80 and 106 weeks in order to document the hormone profile of this strain of rat. In general, levels of T4 were higher in males than in females. Levels of T3 were lower in females for the first 17 weeks, similar for rats of age 30 weeks, and thereafter higher in the females than the males. T4 concentration decline was age-associated in both sexes. T3 levels declined in the males only, but remained relatively constant in the females throughout their lifespan. Generally, T4/T3 ratios declined throughout the lifespan of the Fischer rat. PMID- 3172711 TI - Human pulmonary alveolar type 2 cells contain an apical membrane glycoprotein common to malignant cells. AB - A monoclonal antibody, Ca1, raised against a detergent extract of Hep 2 cells derived from a human laryngeal carcinoma, was shown in these studies to bind to the apical surface of normal alveolar type 2 cells but not type 1 cells in the human lung. In lung specimens from patients with alveolitis, the antibody also bound to hyperplastic type 2 cells and to transition cells which were in the process of becoming alveolar type 1 cells. Ca1 binds to the apical plasma membrane and to internal membranes of cytoplasmic vesicles thought to be involved in the packaging of pulmonary surfactant. A surfactant-enriched fraction of human lung lavage did not bind the Ca1 antibody suggesting that the antigen was not an integral component of secreted surfactant. In normal human lung parenchyma, Ca1 binds only to type 2 cells, however it also binds to the apical surface of Clara cells in areas of cellular hyperplasia. Solubilized homogenates of whole lung, of a cell membrane fraction and of Hep 2 cells, immunoprecipitated with Ca2, separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and probed with iodinated lectins, revealed that terminal glycosylation of the type 2 cell antigen differed from that of Hep 2 cells. Ca1 and a 330 kilodalton type 2 cell glycoprotein bind the lectin Maclura pomifera agglutinin. These two glycoproteins represent the first defined membrane markers of the apical surface of the human type 2 cell. PMID- 3172712 TI - Studies on the growth of mast cells in rats. Changes in granule size between 1 and 6 months. AB - Mast cells from rats aged 1 month, 3 months and 5 to 7 months were compared with respect to cell size and secretory granule size and number. With increasing age there was an increase in mean total cell volume accounted for almost entirely by an increase in mean total granule volume/cell even though there was no apparent increase in the number of granules. An increase in histamine content closely paralleled the increase in total granule volume. In each age group, the distribution of equivalent volumes of granule profiles exhibited periodic multimodality consistent with a Poisson distribution of granule volume. We have interpreted these observations in terms of a model in which total granule volume/cell increases through the production of unit granules of uniform size; the increasing size of individual granules we attribute to the fusion of unit granules with each other and with larger granules. PMID- 3172713 TI - Physicians as insurance administrators. PMID- 3172714 TI - Colonoscopic polypectomy: analysis of 397 polyps removed by snare. PMID- 3172715 TI - Treadmill testing for the primary care physician. PMID- 3172716 TI - Cancer is not for sissies. PMID- 3172717 TI - Waring Library Society celebrates tenth anniversary. PMID- 3172719 TI - Roeser disagrees with validity of VASC screening technique. PMID- 3172718 TI - Anti-smoking programs need to incorporate smokeless tobacco education. PMID- 3172720 TI - Promoting child health in a smoke-free school: suggestions for school health personnel. AB - Health effects of involuntary smoking on school-age children are outlined and suggestions are offered for schools to become smoke-free environments for students, faculty, and staff. Suggestions are offered for developing and implementing strategies for smoke-free schools. A data base exists to support health reasons for eliminating smoking in schools, but it is necessary to build on this information to convince school personnel that smoking in schools offers no positive returns and should be eliminated. School health personnel are encouraged to lead the campaign. PMID- 3172721 TI - Food preferences, beliefs, and practices of Southeast Asian refugee adolescents. AB - Food preferences, beliefs, and practices were assessed among 207 Southeast Asian refugee high school students, all of whom had been in the U.S. five years or less. Questionnaires typed both in English as well as their native language of either Cambodian, Vietnamese, or Hmong, were administered to all students in a classroom setting. Results indicated Southeast Asian refugee youth have maintained strong ties to their native foods and traditional meal patterns. In the U.S., as in Southeast Asia, rice remains the staple food in their diet. High status foods in Southeast Asia such as fruits, meats, and soft drinks remain highly preferred in the U.S. While milk is well-liked, cheese remains a strongly disliked food item. Fruits and vegetables are frequently consumed. Nutritionally weak American foods such as candy bars, cake, and potato chips are not consumed frequently. However, soft drinks are consumed daily by almost one-third of the students. Breakfast was missed by almost 60% of females and 37% of males. Forty five percent of the youth reported they had primary responsibility for evening meal preparation. PMID- 3172722 TI - Evaluating pedestrian safety education materials for children ages five to nine. AB - How well do pedestrian safety materials meet the educational needs of children ages five-nine? The National Safety Council sought to answer this question in assembling such materials in development of a national program on pedestrian safety. To do this, the Council relied heavily on information suggested by accident and evaluation research. The information then was incorporated in a set of criteria that formed the basis for an evaluative review structure. This article provides an overview of the major child pedestrian accident types, behavior patterns, and suggested solutions identified by past research, outlines the procedure used to collect and review existing materials, and describes results of the Council's effort to select high-quality pedestrian safety education materials for use in the program. Safety education needs and priorities of the child pedestrian are discussed. PMID- 3172723 TI - The mental health needs of elementary schoolchildren. AB - More than 500 elementary school personnel from a large Colorado school district provided perceptions of the unmet mental health needs of their students, the likely causes of the needs, and suggestions about solutions or programs to meet the needs. The district's definition of "mental health"--positive self-image, healthy interrelationships with peers and adults, and acquisition of school skills and competencies--guided the questionnaire design. Respondents perceived numerous unmet mental health needs, most involving about 15% of the student population. The most frequently perceived problems were poor decision-making and problem-solving skills, poor self-image, low self-confidence, inability to resolve interpersonal conflicts, depression/unhappiness, low motivation, and various conduct disorders. Further, most respondents believed children's unmet mental health needs are increasing, and the causes for most problems are family and home-related, but most suggested solutions were school-based. Recommendations include increasing the involvement of school nurses in programs aimed at improving children's mental health. PMID- 3172724 TI - Prevalence of alcohol and drug use among North Carolina public school students. AB - During spring 1987, North Carolina conducted a drug prevalence survey on a randomly selected, stratified cluster sample of 10,259 seventh-12th grade students enrolled in public schools. The survey assisted in development of new drug prevention programs funded by the Drug-Free Schools Act of 1986. Results indicated alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana were the most commonly used drugs; males and whites were more frequent users than females and blacks; and almost 20% of 11th and 12th grade students reported coming to school drunk in the year preceding the survey. Extensive use of wine coolers and smokeless tobacco was noted. The need is discussed for other states to conduct similar surveys to establish a data base from which better programming decisions can be made. PMID- 3172725 TI - Meeting the challenge of child sexual abuse. PMID- 3172726 TI - Stop the negative, accentuate the positive. PMID- 3172727 TI - Presidential Commission releases report on the HIV epidemic. PMID- 3172728 TI - The value of routine chest radiography in offshore workers. PMID- 3172729 TI - Medical retirements and deaths in service of diabetic employees in the Post Office. PMID- 3172730 TI - Online medical database searching. PMID- 3172731 TI - Inhalation of degraded sulphur hexafluoride resulting in pulmonary oedema. PMID- 3172732 TI - Arsenic and old glass. PMID- 3172733 TI - Cold urticaria and employment. PMID- 3172734 TI - Vortex generation in pulsatile flow through arterial bifurcation models including the human carotid artery. AB - Visualization experiments were performed to elucidate the complicated flow pattern in pulsatile flow through arterial bifurcations. Human common carotid arteries, which were made transparent, and glass-models simulating Y- and T shaped bifurcations were used. Pulsatile flow with wave forms similar to those of arterial flow was generated with a piston pump, elastic tube, airchamber, and valves controlling the outflow resistance. Helically recirculating flow with a pattern similar to that of the horseshoe vortex produced around wall-based protuberances in circular tubes was observed in pulsatile flow through all the bifurcations used in the present study. This flow type, which we shall refer to as the horseshoe vortex, has also been demonstrated to occur at the human common carotid bifurcation in steady flow with Reynolds numbers above 100. Time-varying flows also produced the horseshoe vortex mostly during the decelerating phase. Fluid particles of dye solution approaching the bifurcation apex diverged, divided into two directions perpendicularly, and then showed helical motion representing the horseshoe vortex formation. While this helical flow was produced, the stagnation points appeared on the wall upstream of the apex. Their position was dependent upon the flow distribution ratio between the branches in the individual arteries. The region affected by the horseshoe vortex was smaller during pulsatile flow than during steady flow. Lowering the Reynolds number together with the Womersley number weakened the intensity of helical flow. A separation bubble, resulting from the divergence or wall roughness, was observed at the outer or inner wall of the branch vessels and made the flow more complicated. PMID- 3172735 TI - Measurement of wall shear stress distal to a tri-leaflet valve in a rigid model of the aortic arch with branch flows. AB - Flush mounted hot film anemometer probes were used to measure wall shear stress magnitudes on the inside and outside walls of a rigid model of the human aortic arch. The effects of the presence of an Ionescu-Shiley tri-leaflet bioprosthetic heart valve at the entrance of the aortic arch and the side flows through arteries located in the mid-arch region on wall shear stress magnitudes were determined. It was found that the presence of the tri-leaflet valve leads to an elevation of wall shear stress (relative to the same flow without a valve) over the entire aortic arch region by as much as 50 percent. The valve influence extended to about 180 deg from the entrance to the aorta on the inside wall and even further on the outside wall based on extrapolation of available data. Peak wall shear stress magnitudes measured on the outside wall were in the range of 1.5-4.0 N/m2 (15-40 dynes/cm2) over the length of the aortic arch and took on their highest values in the mid-arch region. Inside wall values were of comparable magnitude. It was observed that the presence of the aortic valve and side flow from the top of the aortic arch reduced wall shear stress reversal in the arch region. PMID- 3172736 TI - Velocity profiles in stenosed tube models using magnetic resonance imaging. AB - A time-of-flight MRI velocity measurement technique is evaluated against corresponding LDV measurements in a constriction tube model over a range of physiologic flow conditions. Results from this study show that MR displacement images can: 1) be obtained within both laminar and turbulent jets (maximum stenotic Re approximately equal to 4,200), 2) measure mean jet velocities up to 172 cm/s, and, 3) detect low forward and reverse stenosis (0 less than or equal to L/D less than or equal to 2). Regions between the jet termination point and re establishment of laminar flow (Re greater than or equal to 1500, greater than or equal to 1000, and greater than or equal to 110 downstream of 40, 60, and 80 percent stenosis, respectively) cannot presently be detected by this technique. PMID- 3172737 TI - A model for the nonlinear elastic response of large arteries. AB - The nonlinear elastic response of large arteries subjected to finite deformations due to action of biaxial principal stresses, is described by simple constitutive equations. Generalized measures of strain and stress are introduced to account for material nonlinearity. This also ensures the existence of a strain energy density function. The orthotropic elastic response is described via quasi-linear relations between strains and stresses. One nonlinear parameter which defines the measures of strain and stress, and three elastic moduli are assumed to be constants. The lateral strain parameters (equivalent to Poisson's ratios in infinitesimal deformations) are deformation dependent. This dependence is defined by empirical relations developed via the incompressibility condition, and by the introduction of a fifth material parameter. The resulting constitutive model compares well with biaxial experimental data of canine carotid arteries. PMID- 3172738 TI - The application of a homogeneous half-space model in the analysis of endothelial cell micropipette measurements. AB - Experimental studies have shown that endothelial cells which have been exposed to shear stress maintain a flattened and elongated shape after detachment. Their mechanical properties, which are studied using the micropipette experiments, are influenced by the level as well as the duration of the shear stress. In the present paper, we analyze these mechanical properties with the aid of two mathematical models suggested by the micropipette technique and by the geometry peculiar to these cells in their detached post-exposure state. The two models differ in their treatment of the contact zone between the cell and the micropipette. The main results are expressions for an effective Young's modulus for the cells, which are used in conjunction with the micropipette data to determine an effective Young's modulus for bovine endothelial cells, and to discuss the dependence of this modulus upon exposure to shear stress. PMID- 3172739 TI - Structural three-dimensional constitutive law for the passive myocardium. AB - A three-dimensional constitutive law is proposed for the myocardium. Its formulation is based on a structural approach in which the total strain energy of the tissue is the sum of the strain energies of its constituents: the muscle fibers, the collagen fibers and the fluid matrix which embeds them. The ensuing material law expresses the specific structural and mechanical properties of the tissue, namely, the spatial orientation of the comprising fibers, their waviness in the unstressed state and their stress-strain behavior when stretched. Having assumed specific functional forms for the distribution of the fibers spatial orientation and waviness, the results of biaxial mechanical tests serve for the estimation of the material constants appearing in the constitutive equations. A very good fit is obtained between the measured and the calculated stresses, indicating the suitability of the proposed model for describing the mechanical behavior of the passive myocardium. Moreover, the results provide general conclusions concerning the structural basis for the tissue overall mechanical properties, the main of which is that the collagen matrix, though comprising a relatively small fraction of the whole tissue volume, is the dominant component accounting for its stiffness. PMID- 3172740 TI - Mechanical properties of the lateral collateral ligament: effect of cruciate instability in the rabbit. AB - Concomitant soft tissue injury resulting from knee instability following cruciate rupture is a serious clinical problem. To study this injury mechanism, the biomechanical properties of the lateral collateral ligament were measured at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks post-operatively in rabbits having the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments sectioned. No significant changes were found in the ligament's cross-sectional area, tensile mechanical response, or in its hexosamine content. The predominant mode of ligament failure was by bone avulsion at the insertion sites (78 percent) with 86 percent of paired limbs failing in a similar manner. PMID- 3172741 TI - Errors induced by off-axis measurement of the elastic properties of bone. AB - Misalignment between the axes of measurement and the material symmetry axes of bone causes error in anisotropic elastic property measurements. Measurements of Poisson's ratio were strongly affected by misalignment errors. The mean errors in the measured Young's moduli were 9.5 and 1.3 percent for cancellous and cortical bone, respectively, at a misalignment angle of 10 degrees. Mean errors of 1.1 and 5.0 percent in the measured shear moduli for cancellous and cortical bone, respectively, were found at a misalignment angle of 10 degrees. Although, cancellous bone tissue was assumed to have orthotropic elastic symmetry, the possibility of the greater symmetry of transverse isotropy was investigated. When the nine orthotropic elastic constants were forced to approximate the five transverse isotropic elastic constants, errors of over 60 percent were introduced. Therefore, it was concluded that cancellous bone is truly orthotropic and not transversely isotropic. A similar but less strong result for cortical bone tissue was obtained. PMID- 3172742 TI - Nonlinear gross response analysis of a lumbar motion segment in combined sagittal loadings. AB - A 3-D nonlinear mathematical model is used to analyze the mechanical response of a lumbar L2-3 motion segment including the posterior elements when subjected to combined sagittal plane loads. The loadings consist of axial compression force, anterior and posterior shear forces, and flexion and extension moments. The facet articulation is modelled as a general moving contact problem and the ligaments as a collection of uniaxial elements. The disk nucleus is considered as an inviscid fluid and the annulus as a composite of collagenous fibers embedded in a matrix of ground substance. The presence of axial compression force reduces the segmental stiffness in flexion whereas a reverse trend is predicted in extension. In the presence of axial compression with and without sagittal shear force, flexion considerably increases the intradiscal pressure while extension reduces it. In other words, under an identical compression force, disk pressure is predicted to be noticeably larger in flexion than in extension. The segmental mechanical response in extension loadings is markedly influenced by the changes in the relative geometry of the articular surfaces at the lower regions. Finally, the deformation of the bony structures plays a significant role in the segmental mechanics under relatively large loads. PMID- 3172743 TI - Simulation of the double limb support phase of human gait. AB - Dynamic mechanical models of the double limb support phase of human gait were developed for both two-dimensional (sagittal plane) and three-dimensional motion. A "foot" model with a curved plantar surface was also developed such that the model foot motion was kinematically equivalent to that of a walking subject. This foot model was incorporated into the planar model for double limb support. The dynamic formulations were based on Kane's method and were implemented symbolically using MACSYMA. The development of the formulations for the constrained systems, application of these formulations to the study of normal gait, the sensitivity of the simulation to the frequency content of the input data, the sensitivity of limb displacements to changes in joint moments and the application of a nonlinear feedback controller to correct for perturbations in limb trajectories were investigated. PMID- 3172744 TI - The dynamics of quadrupedal locomotion. AB - This paper presents a dynamical analysis of quadrupedal locomotion, with specific reference to an adult Nubian goat. Measurements of ground reaction forces and limb motion are used to assess variations in intersegmental forces, joint moments, and instantaneous power for three discernible gaits: walking, running, and jumping. In each case, inertial effects of the torso are shown to dominate to the extent that lower-extremity contributions may be considered negligible. Footforces generated by the forelimbs exceed those exerted by the hindlimbs; and, in general, ground reactions increase with speed. The shoulder and hip dominate mechanical energy production during walking, while the knee plays a more significant role in running. In both cases, however, the elbow absorbs energy, and by so doing functions primarily as a damping (control) element. As opposed to either walking or running, jumping requires total horizontal retardation of the body's center of mass. In this instance, generating the necessary vertical thrust amounts to energy absorption at all joints of the lower extremities. PMID- 3172745 TI - Description and error evaluation of an in vitro knee joint testing system. AB - An experimental system for the analysis of knee joint biomechanics is presented. The system provides for the simultaneous recording of ligament forces using buckle transducers and three-dimensional joint motion using an instrumented spatial linkage, as in vitro specimens are subjected to a variety of external loads by a pneumatic loading apparatus with associated force transducers. The system components are described, and results of an evaluation of system errors and accuracy are presented. The experimental setup has been successfully used in the analysis of normal knee ligament mechanics, as well as surgical reconstructions of the anterior cruciate ligament. The system can also be adapted to test other human or animal in vitro joints. PMID- 3172746 TI - Corneal curvature change due to structural alternation by radial keratotomy. PMID- 3172747 TI - An analytical solution countercurrent heat transfer between parallel vessels with a linear axial temperature gradient. AB - Presented in this paper is a solution for countercurrent heat exchange between two parallel vessels embedded in an infinite medium with a linear temperature gradient along the axes of the vessels. The velocity profile within the vessel is assumed to be parabolic. This solution describes the temperature field within the vessels, as well as in the tissue, and establishes that the intravessel temperature is not uniform, as is generally assumed to be the case. An explicit expression for the intervessel thermal resistance based on the difference between cup-mixed mean temperatures is derived. PMID- 3172748 TI - Criterion validity of speech intelligibility rating-scale procedures for the hearing-impaired population. AB - The criterion validity and reliability of two popular rating-scale procedures for the assessment of the contextual speech intelligibility of hearing-impaired individuals (The NTID Scales) were studied under clinically typical conditions of test administration and evaluation. The criterion measure was a write-down procedure based on subjects' readings of sentence lists chosen from The CID Everyday Sentence lists. Although the results revealed generally high overall validity and reliability coefficients for the two scales, a close examination of the distribution of estimation error over the full range of rating-scale values revealed gross violations of measurement prediction within the clinically most frequent midrange of speech intelligibility. The results indicate that the rating scale procedure significantly compromises clinical and research classification of an individual's speech intelligibility and that write-down procedures may provide a viable and significantly more accurate alternative for speech intelligibility assessment. PMID- 3172749 TI - Acquiring lexical contrast: the case of bring-take learning. AB - Production of the deictic verbs bring and take was evaluated among 88 normally functioning children (grades K-6). Theoretical approaches and assumptions concerning a working definition of word mastery were contrasted and found to influence (a) the evaluative scheme chosen to assess lexical knowledge and (b) conclusions concerning the development of lexical contrast. Results, which revealed a developmental order unlike that reported elsewhere, are related to the broad issue of interpretation of lexical overextension behavior. A model of antonym learning is proposed that assigns a prepotent role to the second-to emerge term in a contrastive pair. PMID- 3172750 TI - Summarization strategies of hearing-impaired and normally hearing college students. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the summary writing skills of hearing impaired and normally hearing college students. Summarization was defined in terms of the following measures: deletion of trivial text information, inclusion of most important ideas, selection of topic sentences, creation of topic statements, and integration of information within and among several paragraphs. Inclusion of opinionated, incorrect, and uninterpretable information was measured also. Thirty hearing-impaired and 30 normally hearing students read and summarized two expository science passages that were controlled for the number of topic (main idea) sentences and that had been rated previously for the importance of "idea units." Students' factual comprehension also was assessed. Hearing impaired and normally hearing students exhibited a similar pattern of use among several measured summarization strategies, except for the inclusion of opinions or comments in their summaries. Hearing-impaired students were not as sensitive as normally hearing students to importance of ideas and used the following summarization strategies significantly less often: inclusion of important ideas, selection of topic sentences, creation of topic statements, and integration of ideas within and among paragraphs. The results indicated that hearing-impaired college students have basic summarization skills but do not apply summarization strategies as effectively as normally hearing students. PMID- 3172751 TI - Monitoring vocal fold abduction through vocal fold contact area. AB - A number of commercial devices for measuring the transverse electrical conductance of the thyroid cartilage produce waveforms that can be useful for monitoring movements within the larynx during voice production, especially movements that are closely related to the time-variation of the contact between the vocal folds as they vibrate. This paper compares the various approaches that can be used to apply such a device, usually referred to as an electroglottograph, to the problem of monitoring the time-variation of vocal fold abduction and adduction during voiced speech. One method, in which a measure of relative vocal fold abduction is derived from the duty cycle of the linear-phase high pass filtered electroglottograph waveform, is developed in detail. PMID- 3172752 TI - Coordination of aerodynamic and phonatory processes in fluent speech utterances of stutterers. AB - It has often been suggested that there is a close relation between problems in the coordination of respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory processes and dysfluencies in speech production. However, empirical support for this hypothesis is scarce, because most studies of speech behavior have been restricted to a single motor process. The present investigation examines the interactions of respiration (specifically the build up of subglottal pressure), phonation, and articulation. Pressure build-up patterns preceding the onset of phonation were studied in 573 fluent utterances of 10 stutterers and in 552 utterances of 7 control subjects. Stutterers evidenced deviant patterns of subglottal pressure build-up much more often than did control speakers. Electroglottographic records of voice onset were classified as either abrupt or gentle and with respect to the presence or absence of gross irregularities in amplitude (shimmer) and period duration (jitter). Stutterers evidenced abrupt voice onsets significantly more often than did controls. The occurrence of jitter and shimmer, however, did not differ significantly across the groups. Acoustic measures of abruptness of voice onset, first syllable duration, and average syllable duration were also obtained, but they failed to differ significantly between the two groups. This study corroborates previous findings that perceptually fluent utterances of stutterers may differ, on a physiological level, from the speech of nonstutterers. PMID- 3172753 TI - Amplitude compression and profound hearing loss. AB - Nine subjects with prelingually acquired, sensorineural, hearing loss were given a three-interval, forced-choice, test of speech pattern contrast perception under two amplification conditions. The first involved adjustment of the low and high frequency outputs of a two-channel Master Hearing Aid to each subject's highest comfortable level, but without compression of the short-term dynamic range of the signal. The second involved the additional compression of a 30 dB input range into the subject's dynamic range of hearing, as measured by the difference between speech awareness threshold and highest comfortable level, in each of the two channels. One of the subjects performed much better with compression than without. Among the other eight, however, there was a small but significant reduction of performance when compression was introduced. It is proposed that the one positive result is due to the increased audibility of speech cues made possible by amplitude compression. It is further proposed that the negative results are due mainly to the distortions of time-intensity cues introduced by amplitude compression. The results suggest that, in terms of potential access to meaningful speech cues, the addition of amplitude compression, to an otherwise optimized signal, is unnecessary, or even detrimental, for most profoundly deaf subjects, but could be beneficial for some. PMID- 3172754 TI - A comparison of stutterers' and nonstutterers' affective, cognitive, and behavioral self-reports. AB - This study compared stutterers' and nonstutterers' communication attitudes. A self-report inventory based on a tripartite attitudinal model was administered to 75 adult stutterers and 81 adult nonstutterers. Ratings of 39 items representing 13 situational subscales, or types of speaking situations, on four response scales reflecting behavioral, affective, and cognitive components and a frequency scale were obtained. Self-ratings of speech enjoyment and speech skills best discriminated stutterers and nonstutterers. However, these self-ratings were related for both stutterers and nonstutterers. Frequency of encountering speaking situations was related to enjoyment of speech for stutterers, but not for nonstutterers. Moreover, stutterers, unlike nonstutterers, believed that most people's enjoyment of speech was not related to most people's speech skills. Similarities and differences in stutterers' and nonstutterers' ratings of specific speaking situations were identified. PMID- 3172755 TI - Evaluation of two speech enhancement techniques to improve intelligibility for hearing-impaired adults. AB - This study reports the effects on speech intelligibility of two types of digital speech processing: amplitude enhancement of consonants to produce near-zero consonant/vowel intensity ratios and increased duration of consonants to provide an additional 30 ms of sound. Compensatory vowel shortening accompanied duration increases to maintain original overall duration. One hundred words from the California Consonant Test (CCT) list were recorded. The target consonant in each word was processed in four ways to produce tape recordings of (a) unenhanced speech, (b) speech with increased consonant amplitude, (c) speech with increased consonant duration, and (d) speech with increased consonant amplitude and duration. The tapes were played to a group of 20 listeners with moderate sensorineural hearing loss at 65 dB SPL and to another group of 10 such listeners at 95 dB SPL. Results indicated that amplitude processing was associated with 10% to 12% improvement in intelligibility at the lower level but failed to yield any significant effect at the high level of presentation. Increasing consonant duration, by contrast, provided no benefit at the low level but gave modest benefit (5%) at 95 dB. Further development of the speech-processing techniques is necessary before they can be incorporated into a useful hearing aid. PMID- 3172756 TI - A modified speech tracking procedure as a communicative performance measure. AB - A modified speech tracking procedure was investigated to determine the effects of controlling connected discourse materials and of specific prompting techniques on tracking rate and subjects' responses. In addition, comprehension was tested after subjects completed the tracking task. Two experiments were conducted with normally hearing subjects, one in which subjects tracked in an auditory plus noise condition and the second in which they tracked in a visual-alone condition. The results of these two experiments showed significant differences between tracking rates for controlled versus uncontrolled materials for both modalities, with higher tracking rates observed for the controlled materials. The use of specific prompting techniques reduced intertester variability in both modalities. Further, results indicated that comprehension ability and tracking skill are not perfectly related. PMID- 3172757 TI - Mandible and hyoid bone movements during speech. AB - Relatively little is known about the extent to which speech-related movements of the mandible and hyoid bone involve rotation and translation. Data were derived from an existing high-speed cineradiograph of 27 disyllables produced by a single adult male speaker of English to address this issue. Time histories of relative locations of both bony components of the mandibular system, expressed in terms equivalent to the sagittal-plane coordinates of two landmarks on each, were analyzed to determine (a) their respective ranges of position and orientation, (b) associations between selected segmental and suprasegmental variables, and subregions of those ranges, and (c) interdependencies between articulator rotation and landmark displacement. In general, data from this speaker, for the mandible and hyoid bone, are consistent with previous reports for the mandible alone, all of which suggest that rotational and translational components of their motions are sufficiently independent to warrant kinematic descriptions that treat both structures as rigid bodies moving in a plane. PMID- 3172758 TI - Variations in velar position over time: a nasal videoendoscopic study. AB - Changes in velar position during production of nonnasal speech in two adults were measured using field-by-field videoendoscopic tracking procedures. The data suggested that the changes in velar position were coordinated with syllable production. Peak velar displacement occurred during maximum oral closure for oral consonant production and was followed by lowering of velar position during vowel production. This pattern of velar movement was not altered by changes in speaking rate or by jaw fixation. The timing of peak velar elevation relative to peak intraoral air pressure and peak jaw elevation was also examined. Timing of peak velar displacement was statistically associated with timing of peak intraoral air pressure in one subject. The data are discussed with regard to the potential value of studying variations in velar position during nonnasal speech in patients with marginal velopharyngeal incompetence. PMID- 3172759 TI - Rule invention in the acquisition of morphology revisited: a case of transparent semantic mapping. AB - This paper presents a case study of a language-impaired child who signaled the distinction between English singular and plural using suprasegmental cues rather than the usual segmental form used within the parent language. Acoustic analyses performed within the first study in the paper revealed that the suprasegmental features used to maintain this distinction included various duration, fundamental frequency, and intensity parameters. Acoustic analyses were also performed on a set of matched two- and four-item plural forms within a second study. The results of these analyses indicated that the same acoustic parameters were used to distinguish two-item plural forms from four-item plural forms. This case of linguistic creativity is offered as further evidence in support of the model of language acquisition that emphasizes the active role children take in the acquisition process. Additionally, the phonological, morphological, and psycholinguistic factors that may contribute to such rule invention are discussed. PMID- 3172760 TI - Intraoral pressure, nasal pressure and airflow rate in cleft palate speech. AB - We have suggested that compensatory behaviors associated with cleft palate may be strategies developed for the purpose of satisfying the requirements of a speech regulating system. The purpose of the present study was to test this hypothesis in subjects demonstrating various degrees of velopharyngeal inadequancy. The pressure-flow technique was used to assess aerodynamic responses to a loss of velar resistance in 74 subjects compared to a control group of 137 subjects with adequate velopharyngeal closure. The results of this study demonstrate that as degree of inadequacy increased, airflow rate also increased. Although intraoral pressure fell as inadequacy increased, many subjects were able to maintain pressures above 3.0 cm H2O by increasing airflow rate. Nasal pressure increased in proportion to the decrease in intraoral pressure while combined nasal plus oral pressure remained constant across groups. These findings suggest that a loss of resistance at the velar port is compensated by an increase in resistance at the nasal port. Airflow rate appears to be adjusted to total upper airway resistance. These findings support our contention that the speech system is constrained to meet aerodynamic requirements. PMID- 3172761 TI - Vibrotactile perception of segmental features of speech: a comparison of single channel and multichannel instruments. AB - This experiment compared the recognition performance of artificially deafened listeners for segmental stimuli presented through a single-channel tactile device and through a 24-channel vocoder. Both consonant and vowel stimuli were tested under visual only, tactile only, and visual + tactile conditions. Each subject received a pretest, eight 2-hr training sessions, and a posttest. Results indicated no significant differences between subject's overall recognition performance with two different tactile devices. Analysis of consonant confusions showed that both devices transmit the features of voicing, manner, and place of articulation in a similar fashion. In contrast to an earlier study on suprasegmental features by Carney and Beachler (1986), these results do not support the notion that preservation of the waveform envelope of speech is necessary for the transmission of segmental features of speech. These results also suggest that tactile perception of segmental features may not be altered significantly by the tactile array chosen. PMID- 3172762 TI - Acoustic and perceptual analysis of word-initial stop consonants in phonologically disordered children. AB - Spectrographic measures of voice onset time (VOT) were made for phonologically disordered children in whom a voicing contrast was just beginning to emerge. These temporal measures were related to adult listeners' perception of voicing of the initial stop consonant to determine how well VOT could predict perceived voicing. In general, the predictive utility of VOT was not very high. The relation between VOT as produced by the phonologically disordered children and perceived voicing ranged from 0.31 to 0.43. A finer-grained analysis was conducted to determine what other acoustic cues might have influenced the listeners' judgments of voicing. Although no one acoustic cue could be found to explain all listeners' responses, spectral cues such as fundamental and F1 frequencies at the onset of voicing, as well as the burst and aspiration amplitude relative to the vowel onset amplitude accounted for the perceived voicing of about half of the tokens that were not differentiated by VOT. Rather than relying solely on the temporal characteristics of the VOT interval, a matrix of acoustic cues may influence how a listener perceives word-initial voicing as produced by phonologically disordered children. PMID- 3172763 TI - Early event-related potentials with passive subject participation. AB - An oddball paradigm was used to elicit event-related potentials from 10 normal hearing young adult subjects. The frequent signal (90% probability) was a 1000 Hz tone burst at 75 dB nHL and the oddball signal (10% probability) was a similar tone burst at 60 dB nHL. A mock or control condition in which both frequent and oddball signals were 60 dB nHL also was run. The subjects were given no instructions other than to lie quietly on a cot in a test booth. They were awake throughout the test session. The identical procedure was repeated in a second session at least 24 hr after the first. Subtraction of the frequent (60 dB nHL) from the oddball (60 dB nHL) averaged evoked potential (AEP) in the mock condition yielded virtually a straight line. However, subtraction of the frequent (75 dB nHL) AEP from the oddball (60 dB nHL) AEP revealed a negative difference that peaked at about 175 ms. Subtraction of either the frequent or the oddball AEP obtained in the mock condition from the 60 dB nHL oddball of the experimental condition also produced a negative peak at about 175 ms and, in addition, a smaller negative difference that peaked at about 75 ms. Observations were consistent across sessions. PMID- 3172764 TI - Explanation of ambiguous advertisements: a developmental study with children and adolescents. AB - Explanation of linguistic ambiguity occurring in a naturalistic context was examined for children and adolescents at various ages. Subjects ages 9 through 18 were asked to explain the meanings of 14 ambiguous advertisements taken from recent magazines, newspapers, and brochures. All of the ads were lexically ambiguous and contained a word or phrase that had both a physical and a psychological meaning (e.g., "Introducing the Upper Crusts. Two sensational new entrees from Stouffer's"). Results were that older subjects explained the meanings correctly more frequently than younger subjects, although adolescents who were 18-years-old did not perform perfectly. It was also found that the psychological meanings of the ads were more difficult to explain than the physical meanings. The results were interpreted in relation to previous developmental studies of ambiguity involving sentences, jokes, and riddles, and studies of figurative language explanation. PMID- 3172765 TI - Difference of susceptibility to delayed auditory feedback between stutterers and nonstutterers. AB - Forty stutterers and 40 nonstutterers were tested for susceptibility to delayed auditory feedback (DAF) while reading passages under amplified delay conditions. Susceptibility to DAF of stutterers was significantly higher than that of nonstutterers. In the nonstuttering group, men were more susceptible to DAF than women, but in the stuttering group, there was no significant difference between sexes. There was also no significant difference in DAF susceptibility between stuttering men and nonstuttering men. Nonstuttering women were least susceptible to DAF. A Susceptibility Index (SI) was found to discriminate speaker sensitivity to DAF and was interpreted to suggest that stutterers rely on auditory feedback for speech control more than nonstutterers. PMID- 3172766 TI - Infant thresholds with enhanced attention to the signal in visual reinforcement audiometry. AB - Experimental data show a discrepancy between adult auditory thresholds and best estimates of infant thresholds. The source of the discrepancy has not been determined. Attentional differences between infants and adults and procedural differences to accommodate infant attentional behavior may account at least in part for the discrepancy. A standard operant procedure, Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA), was modified to enhance infant attention to impending auditory signals. Results on 16 infants evaluated with conventional VRA and modified VRA revealed an average 5.5 dB improvement in threshold with the modified technique. Correction for adult performance in similar tasks indicated a 3.3 dB attentional effect between infant and adult thresholds. The shift in threshold reflects on the adequacy of VRA as a threshold procedure. PMID- 3172767 TI - Tape recorder effects on jitter and shimmer extraction. AB - To test for possible contamination of acoustic analyses by record/reproduce systems, five sine waves of fixed frequency and amplitude were sampled directly by a computer and recorded simultaneously on four different tape formats (audio and FM reel-to-reel, audio cassette, and video cassette using pulse code modulation). Recordings were digitized on playback and with the direct samples analyzed for fundamental frequency, amplitude, jitter, and shimmer using a zero crossing interpolation scheme. Distortion introduced by any of the data acquisition systems is negligible when extracting average fundamental frequency or average amplitude. For jitter and shimmer estimation, direct sampling or the use of a video cassette recorder with pulse code modulation are clearly superior. FM recorders, although not quite as accurate, provide a satisfactory alternative to those methods. Audio reel-to-reel recordings are marginally adequate for jitter analysis whereas audio cassette recorders can introduce jitter and shimmer values that are greater than some reported values for normal talkers. PMID- 3172768 TI - Some theoretical considerations concerning the relation between functional gain and insertion gain. AB - Three examples in which insertion gain and functional gain measures of hearing aid response do not agree are illustrated. In two of the cases, functional gain measures overestimate the true real-ear gain for average conversational speech and in the third example, insertion gain measures are shown to provide an inaccurate estimate of aided benefit. Reasons for these discrepancies are discussed, and an alternative method for measuring real-ear hearing-aid response is described. PMID- 3172769 TI - A note on the variability of timing control. AB - Analyses of duration data measured from connected-speech signals for three "slow" and three "fast" adult talkers produced, for various sound categories and talkers, mean values and standard deviations that demonstrated strong functional relationships. These relationships preclude the use of the two measurements as independent descriptors of speech production. Typical distributions are shown. The implications of these data for the interpretation of the standard deviation of duration distributions in studies of the development of motor control and skilled action in children are discussed. PMID- 3172770 TI - A comparison of photodetector and endoscopic evaluations of velopharyngeal function. AB - Simultaneous videoendoscopic and photodetection analyses were made of specific onset and offset times of velopharyngeal opening and closing in two normal speaking subjects. Both procedures were found to have acceptable measurement repeatability and to agree with each other when used to determine movement changes. It is felt that when used together, these techniques contribute to improved understanding of velopharyngeal activity during speech. PMID- 3172771 TI - Oestrogen receptor activation and molecular forms in human breast cancer. AB - The oestrogen receptor (ER) present in human breast cancer cytosol was resolved by high performance size exclusion chromatography into a high molecular weight form (300 kDa) either alone or together with a lower molecular weight species (60 kDa). In tumours that contained the 60 kDa species there was a significant increase both in ER activation, determined by binding to oligo(dT)-cellulose, and the concentration of progesterone receptor (PR). Despite cytosolic ER being a potential homogenisation artefact, qualitative differences observed in vitro may reflect aspects of tumour biology in vivo. PMID- 3172772 TI - Crystallization of prostatic binding protein. AB - Prostatic binding protein is a dimeric glycoprotein capable of binding a variety of steroids. This protein is a major component of rat prostate cytosol making it possible to purify milligram quantities. Hexagonal crystals of X-ray diffraction quality have been grown from phosphate buffered ammonium sulfate solution by vapor diffusion methods. These crystals which are reasonably stable to X-rays, show diffraction to 6.3 A and belong to space group P6(1) or P6(1)22 or the enantiomorphs. The unit cell has dimensions a = 88.7(5) A, c = 405(2) A, contains 24 molecules and has a specific volume of 2.8 A3/Dalton. PMID- 3172773 TI - Doisynolic-type acids--uterotropically potent estrogens which compete poorly with estradiol for cytosolic estradiol receptors. AB - Doisynolic acids, a class of seco-steroid acids some of which exhibit greater uterotropic estrogenicity than estradiol-17 beta, are D-ring cleavage products of steroidal estrogens formed by fusion with KOH above 200 degrees C. We have found that electron-transfer reactions between estrone or estradiol and CCl4 or CBrCl3 in KOH-t-BuOH at 25 degrees C rapidly provide 16,16-dichloro- or dibromodoisynolic acid, respectively, the former approaching estradiol in uterotropic potency. Simple esters from these highly hindered tertiary carboxylic acids, easily prepared via phase-transfer-catalyzed alkylations, also rival estradiol in uterotropic activity. Unlike natural steroidal estrogens or their commonly used artificial equivalents (DES, hexoestrol, ethynylestradiol, etc.) whose uterotropic activity is accompanied by substantial binding affinity for cytosolic estradiol receptors, these highly uterotropic doisynolic-type acids and esters exhibit binding affinities for this receptor of only about 1% that of estradiol-17 beta as determined by the usual competitive binding-inhibition studies with [3H]estradiol. Other highly uterotropic carboxylic acids may exhibit similar characteristics. These unusual results leave open the possibilities that uterotropic seco-steroid and related carboxylic acids undergo some unknown metabolic activation, are exceptionally persistent estrogens, bind to a cytosolic receptor site other than the conventional (type I) estradiol site, or bind directly to type I or type II nuclear receptor sites. At dosages of 1000 times those required for a uterotropic effect, the doisynolic-type acids (24 doses over an 8-week period) were neither toxic nor carcinogenic. PMID- 3172774 TI - Binding of estrogen and antiestrogen in uterine cell nuclei: in vivo autoradiographic studies. AB - The in vivo binding of antiestrogen in nuclei within the uterine stromal, epithelial and myometrial tissue compartments was compared to that of estrogen 2 48 h after injection. Tissue binding and retention of radioactivity was also studied. Immature rats were injected s.c. with 0.36 microgram [3H]hydroxytamoxifen [( 3H]TAM(OH] or 0.24 microgram [3H]estradiol [( 3H]E2) in oil. At 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h after injection, uteri were processed for thaw mount autoradiography and, along with other tissues, for liquid scintillation counting. After [3H]TAM(OH) injection total radioactivity in uterus, cervix, vagina and liver reached peak levels by 8 h then decreased slowly so that by 48 h radioactivity still remained in the tissues. At all time intervals, the levels of radioactivity in heart and muscle remained low. After [3H]E2 injection radioactivity in uterus, cervix and vagina reached peak levels between 2 and 4 h then decreased rapidly so that by 12 h radioactivity was low and essentially the same as in liver, heart and muscle. These results were paralleled by the time course of nuclear binding of [3H]TAM(OH) and [3H]E2 in the uterine cell types: peak levels occurred at 8 h and 4 h, respectively. Nuclear binding was still present 48 h after [3H]TAM(OH) injection but was absent by 24 h after [3H]E2 injection. Different uterine cell types bound different amounts of both the drug and the hormone. After [3H]TAM(OH) injection the decreasing order of labeling intensity in the tissue compartments was stroma, myometrium, epithelium; in contrast, that after [3H]E2 injection was stroma, epithelium, myometrium. The results indicate that the dissimilar nuclear binding kinetics of estrogen and antiestrogen are influenced by the pharmacokinetics but the uterine cell types may also influence binding kinetics. PMID- 3172775 TI - The synthesis of glycine conjugated 3-oxo-bile acids. AB - The glycine conjugates of the 3-oxo-derivatives of lithocholic, deoxycholic, chenodeoxycholic and cholic acids have been synthesized from their respective parent bile acid using established procedures. The reaction sequence involved oxidation using either chromic acid or silver carbonate--Celite followed by a conjugation step employing the peptide coupling reagent N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy 1,2-dihydroquinoline. The final products were obtained in both high yield and purity for use as reference compounds in the analysis of conjugated bile acids in bile and faecal samples by high performance liquid chromatography. Analysis of the prepared 3-oxo-glycobile acids by fast atom bombardment negative ion mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance proton spectroscopy is also discussed along with the thin-layer chromatographic properties. PMID- 3172776 TI - Estrogen-like effect of 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol on the induction of fetal thymidine kinase in the rat uterus. AB - The action of 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol (Adiol) on Thymidine Kinase (TK) was studied in the rat uterus. It appeared that Adiol, like 17 beta-estradiol (E2), could induce the synthesis of the fetal isoenzyme of TK. Its effects compared with those of E2, were delayed by 6 h and higher doses were required to reach the same levels of induction. The action of Adiol on TK was exclusively observed in tissues where E2 receptors were present. Moreover, Adiol could stimulate the activity of uterine DNA-polymerase alpha. These observations are additional evidence of the estrogen-like behaviour of Adiol. They suggest that it could participate in proliferative processes of tissues which are dependent on estrogens. PMID- 3172777 TI - Acute effects of drinking beer or wine on the steroid hormones of healthy men. AB - Plasma Testosterone, Dihydrotestosterone and Estradiol were determined in 72 healthy volunteers, divided into 36 beer and 36 wine drinkers, who consumed between 0.9-2.1 g ethanol/kg b.wt, simulating natural patterns of drinking. Blood samples were taken 5-10 h after drinking ceased and compared with control samples withdrawn exactly 24 h previously. For a consideration of the time variation of blood sampling, the subjects were classified as fast and slow drinkers. All groups exhibited both depressed and elevated testosterone levels, depending upon the time after drinking (fast beer drinkers) and upon the amount of alcohol (fast wine drinkers). Consumption of beer and wine significantly (P less than 0.05) inhibited dihydrotestosterone biosynthesis; depending on the time after drinking (only in beer drinkers) and blood alcohol levels (slow beer drinkers). Estradiol levels were significantly elevated (P less than 0.05-less than 0.001); correlating with the amount of beer and wine/kg b.wt, with time after drinking (fast beer drinkers), and with blood alcohol levels (fast wine drinkers). Consumption of these beverages showed different dependencies for the changed hormone levels. It is discussed whether the estrogenic constituents of beer and wine might be responsible for the enhancement of estradiol, which could contribute towards clarifying the phenomenon of feminization observed with chronic abuse of alcohol. PMID- 3172778 TI - Identification of 19-hydroxy-progesterone in human placenta. AB - We have tentatively demonstrated the presence of a 19-hydroxylated C21 steroid, 19-hydroxy-progesterone, in normal human placenta. A 19-hydroxylated steroid such as 19-hydroxy-progesterone, if produced by the placenta, could serve as a precursor for such hypertensinogenic 19-nor-steroids as 19-nor deoxycorticosterone and 19-nor-progesterone. Freshly delivered, homogenized placental tissue was extracted and subjected to thin layer chromatography. A steroid corresponding to standard 19-hydroxy-progesterone was subsequently purified in HPLC, where authentic 19-hydroxy-progesterone and the sample had the same retention time. The identity of the sample was further confirmed by repeat HPLC after acetylation and mass spectrometry. Our experiment indicates that 19 hydroxy-progesterone is present in term placental tissue, where it appears to be synthesized. PMID- 3172779 TI - Alcohol-related problems, marital disruption and depressive symptoms among adult children of alcohol abusers in the United States. AB - Dependent problem drinking, marital disruption and depressive symptoms of sons and daughters of alcohol abusers are examined in a representative sample of 1,772 adults in the United States. Controlling for the sociodemographic characteristics of the adult sons and daughters in logistic regression analyses and for the alcohol-related problems (e.g., alcohol dependence) of the sons and daughters in the analyses of marital disruption and depressive symptoms, the results suggest that having parents who have been alcohol abusers places sons at risk for dependent problem drinking, both sons and daughters at risk for divorce or separation and daughters at risk for depressive symptomatology. PMID- 3172780 TI - Some Navajo Indian opinions about alcohol abuse and prohibition: a survey and recommendations for policy. AB - In this study a questionnaire was administered to a sample of Navajo Indians in the southwestern region of the reservation to examine (1) their knowledge about the consequences of alcohol abuse and (2) their opinions about alcohol abuse, the etiology of abuse and alcohol legalization. Survey responses indicate that the Navajo surveyed are quite knowledgeable about the various adverse consequences of alcohol abuse. The survey found that 52% of these Navajo adults currently drink at all, and the opinion responses generally characterize alcohol consumption, even in small amounts, as a negative behavior. Sixty-three percent of all Navajos agreed with the popular, but scientifically unsubstantiated, belief that Indians have a physical weakness to alcohol that non-Indians do not have. Alcohol legalization on the reservation is opposed by 81% of the Navajos surveyed. Opinions about alcohol use and policy do not vary greatly even when knowledge of alcohol consequences and current drinking status is considered. The article concludes with a discussion of the importance of positive, solution-oriented public education and debate for entertaining new ideas about alcohol policy and for reducing the sequelae of alcohol abuse among the Navajo. PMID- 3172781 TI - Ethnic differences in drinking practices and cognitive impairment among detoxifying alcoholics. AB - The purpose of the present study was to determine whether ethnic differences existed among detoxifying alcoholic inpatients regarding drinking practices, psychosocial variables and cognitive impairment. Patients of Puerto Rican extraction (Hispanics) were found to be more often afflicted than Whites and Blacks by cognitive impairment, daily drinking, heaviest average amount drunk, unemployment and lack of residence. Whites were less affected by these variables than the other two ethnic groups. Amount and frequency of drinking predicted the occurrence of cognitive impairment to a degree that approached significance. Cognitive impairment was defined as inability to score less than 5 points in the Blessed Orientation-Memory-Concentration test. In a follow-up study, nearly all CT scans obtained on a similar group of 20 detoxifying alcoholics (mean age 40), who had cognitive impairment as defined in the first study, were found to demonstrate brain atrophy. Contrasting drinking practices rather than ethnicity may have accounted for the different rates of cognitive impairment observed among the three ethnic groups. PMID- 3172782 TI - The effects of alcohol on speed perception in a closed-course driving situation. AB - The present study examined the effect of alcohol on the perception of speed in a closed-course driving situation. Male subjects (N = 24) classified with respect to previous drinking experience were used in the experiment. Each subject was tested on a speed estimation task at blood alcohol levels (BALs) of 0 and 100 mg/dl. Subjects were required to decelerate from a constant speed of 30 mph to a target speed of 20 mph under two conditions: using their speedometer and being deprived of its use. Of interest were the subjective judgments made under the latter conditions. Results show that there was no significant effect of alcohol on the perception of speed. The expected interaction between previous drinking experience and alcohol dose was found to be nonsignificant. Overall, a significant difference in performance between the two speedometer conditions indicated that subjects overestimated the target speed when they were not given access to their speedometer. Possible explanations and implications of these findings are discussed and future directions for research are suggested. PMID- 3172783 TI - Alcohol-induced changes in body sway in women at risk for alcoholism: a pilot study. AB - Family history of alcoholism appears to influence acute alcohol responses in young men. We report pilot data from a study designed to expand these observations by measuring blood alcohol levels (BALs), subjective intoxication effects, body sway and cognitive-motor task performance in women. Six young women with (FHP) and six without (FHN) alcoholic first degree relatives provided informed consent and were given 0.56 g/kg ethanol under double-blind conditions. Groups were matched for age, drinking history and height-weight ratio. Subjects performed tasks in random order at 90, 60 and 30 min before drinking alcohol, and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min after drinking alcohol. BALs peaked at 80 mg/dl 30 to 60 min after drinking alcohol. BALs were comparable and disappearance rates were similar for both groups. BALs and intoxication ratings for both FHP and FHN women had highly significant correlations. Alcohol decreased accuracy on an automated version of the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) for both groups, but FHN women made significantly more errors 30 min after alcohol. Significantly greater alcohol effects on body sway were apparent in FHN women 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after alcohol. Compared with previous findings for men, both FHP and FHN women reported less intoxication at similar BALs, but body sway in FHN women was more affected by alcohol. Small sample size limits generalization of these findings but suggests that some effects of familial alcoholism in women are similar to those observed in men. PMID- 3172784 TI - Identifying developmental paradigms leading to alcoholism. AB - The lives of men who had been part of a delinquency prevention program between 1939 and 1945 provide information to identify developmental paths that seem to have led to alcoholism by the time of follow-up three decades later. Alcoholic fathers and their families differed from nonalcoholic fathers and their families in many ways. The analyses suggested that different paradigms describe the pathways to alcoholism for those whose fathers were and those whose fathers were not alcoholics. A mother's high esteem for her alcoholic husband increased risk for alcoholism of the son; among sons whose fathers were not alcoholic, increased risk for alcoholism of the son seemed to be a function of little control during early adolescence. PMID- 3172785 TI - Predictors of reduction and cessation of drinking in community-dwelling men: results from the normative aging study. AB - As part of a longitudinal study of health and aging, the conditions and motivational factors that prospectively predicted either cessation or reduction in alcohol consumption were compared. Data were from 1,517 community-dwelling men who in 1973 (Time 1) and 1982 (Time 2) completed mailed questionnaires about their drinking behaviors. Time 2 quitters (n = 62) had consumed no alcohol for at least the 6 months before that survey; reducers (n = 255) had decreased their yearly alcohol consumption by at least one-half. Compared to 971 controls, quitters reported more drinking problems at Time 1; reducers reported higher consumption at Time 1, which was the only factor predictive of subsequent reduction (p less than .001). Regression analyses considering contextual motivational factors for drinking showed that at Time 1 quitters were less likely than controls to have consumed alcohol during evenings out (p = .008), in family home settings (p = .013), or for salutary reasons (p = .084); conversely, they were more likely to have consumed alcohol to reduce negative affect (p = .011). Reducers cited more social-situational reasons for curtailing drinking; quitters cited more personal reasons related to health and alcohol effects. These findings indicate that in a community sample of men, problematic drinking behaviors tend to predict subsequent abstention rather than reduced drinking. PMID- 3172786 TI - Influence of high-protein diets on brain phospholipid, ganglioside and monogalactosyl glycolipid content previously altered by long-term low-protein and ethanol administration. AB - A previous study was undertaken to determine the influence of the combined effects of ethanol consumption and a low-protein diet on brain membrane (phospholipids and gangliosides) and myelin (monogalactosyl glycolipids) lipids. Male Wistar rats chronically consuming ethanol were fed isoenergetic diets containing 22% protein (controls) or 6% protein (protein-deprived) from 60 to 240 days of age. Protein malnutrition initiated at 60 days of age affected phosphatidylglycerol, sphingophospholipid, monosialoganglioside GM1 and cerebroside containing nervonic fatty acid by 240 days of age. Among the effects of ethanol was an increase of the relative proportion of lipid galactose in monogalactosyl glycolipids and of N-acetylneuraminic acid in the trisialoganglioside GT1b, while there was decrease of the lipid phosphorus in the investigated phospholipids and of the disialoganglioside GD1a. The low-protein diet generally interfered with ethanol effects except for monosialo GM3, GM2 and GM1 gangliosides. The present study was carried out to investigate whether the ethanol-induced effect on these brain lipids could be elevated when we switched these animals to diets with 21 or 34% protein during the following 90 days. It was found that increasing protein intake and cessation of drinking ethanol returned the investigated brain phospholipids, monogalactosyl glycolipids and gangliosides to control values. PMID- 3172787 TI - Perception of illness among patients with alcoholic liver disease. AB - A sample of patients (N = 134) with alcoholic liver disease was found to be significantly "health internal" (i.e., believe that their behavior plays a major role in determining subsequent health or illness) compared with a sample of patients with nonalcoholic liver disease on Health Locus of Control Scale. The patients with alcoholic liver disease did not differ significantly from those with nonalcoholic liver disease in the level of awareness of severity of their disease. Most patients in both groups agreed with their physician's ratings of the severity of their illness. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3172788 TI - Prevalence and patterns of combined alcohol and marijuana use. AB - The prevalence of combined alcohol and marijuana use in the U.S. population was determined from the 1982 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Past month use of both alcohol and marijuana was reported by 14% of men and 6% of women; in this group, occasional or more frequent use of these drugs in combination was reported by 79% of men and 67% of women. Among individuals aged 18-25 years, 24% of men and 12% of women reported using alcohol and marijuana in combination. More men than women and more individuals aged 18-25 and 26-34 compared with younger and older individuals used these drugs in combination. PMID- 3172789 TI - Treating the hearing-impaired in a standard chemical dependence unit. AB - Treatment of deaf chemical-dependent patients is considered difficult except in special facilities. We summarize the treatment of three such patients in a standard chemical dependence unit. The deaf patients were involved completely in the unit, with as few concessions as possible made to their deafness. One of the three deaf patients achieved complete sobriety through treatment. However, it was thought that all patients had gained in quality of life and productivity. We recommend techniques to modify standard facilities when specialized programs for deaf patients are unavailable. PMID- 3172790 TI - Prognostic value of hormone receptors in breast cancer. AB - The aim of this study was to establish the role of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) as prognostic indicators for early recurrence and survival. In all, among breast cancer patients, 166 patients who had undergone radical or extended radical mastectomy were studied. These patients were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy alone for 2-3 years after surgery. No patients had adjuvant endocrine therapy. Local recurrence and/or distant metastases were treated by endocrine therapy and/or chemotherapy. The relapse-free interval was not different between the ER-positive and ER-negative patients. The postrelapse survival curve was significantly different between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the relapse-free interval and the postrelapse survival curve between the PgR-positive and PgR-negative patients. These results suggest that ER is a good predictor of the response to endocrine therapy given after relapse, but not of early recurrence. PMID- 3172791 TI - In vivo determinations of labelling index of metastatic colorectal carcinoma and normal colonic mucosa using intravenous infusions of bromodeoxyuridine. AB - In vivo determination of the labelling index of metastatic colon carcinoma was performed in 14 patients following intravenous infusion of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), at doses of 100 and 50 mg/M2. No toxicity was seen. Labelled cells were detected by an immunohistochemical technique using a monoclonal antibody to BrdU. Labelling was uniform and highly specific with good preservation of morphology. Labelling index values ranged from 15.0-40.6% for metastatic lesions and 3.6%-20% for normal colonic mucosa, with mean values of 24% and 11%, respectively. This represents a useful new method for in vivo labelling index determination in solid tumors. PMID- 3172792 TI - Concomitant abdominal aortic aneurysm and malignant disease: a difficult management problem. AB - Medical records of 158 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms seen between 1972 and 1984 were reviewed. Twenty patients, or 12.6%, had a histologically proven malignant neoplasm in addition to their aneurysm. The mean age of patients with cancer was 69 yr and for those without cancer, 68 yr. The most common cancers in this study were prostate, colorectal, and lung. Patients were placed in five categories according to the chronological presentation of the malignancy in relation to the aneurysm. Our study indicated that the incidence of malignant disease associated with abdominal aortic aneurysms is increasing. Absolute indications for operation initially on the aneurysm are the presence of symptoms or rupture. Absolute indications for operation initially on the malignancy are complications from the presence of the tumor such as hemorrhage, perforation, or obstruction. The type and stage of the cancer are major factors in determining operative treatment and priorities. PMID- 3172793 TI - Ataxia telangiectasia and acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. AB - An increased incidence of malignancies occurs in ataxia telangiectasia. These are most frequently hematopoietic in children and epithelial in adults. Both cellular immunodeficiency and chromosome damage have been implicated in their etiology. There has been only one report of a salivary malignancy, a parotid mucoepidermoid carcinoma. We describe a second salivary malignancy, a metastasizing acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland, that developed in a 33-yr-old woman with ataxia telangiectasia. The marked chromosomal abnormalities that were present may have been involved in the pathogenesis of her tumor. PMID- 3172794 TI - Results of liver angiography and perfusion scintigraphy do not correlate with response to hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy. AB - Liver angiography and liver perfusion scintigraphy with Tc-99m-labeled macroaggregated albumin (MAA) were performed in 36 patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer prior to continuous 5-fluorouracil hepatic artery infusion (HAI) hemotherapy. Of the 26 patients showing metastases on arteriogram, five revealed increased tumor vascularisation, five had normal vascularisation, and 16 showed decreased vascularisation of the metastases relative to liver. In liver perfusion scintigraphy, 15 of the 36 patients showed increased perfusion of the metastases, four had normal perfusion, and 17 had decreased tumor perfusion. The observed differences in survival in the different groups were not statistically significant: patients survived 15 months in the group with increased tumor vascularisation, 8 months for normal vascularisation, and 14 months for decreased tumor vascularisation; survival was 28 months for the group of increased, and 13 and 14 months for the normal and decreased tumor perfusion groups respectively. Also, response rates with 80%, 40%, and 75% responders in the group of increased, normal, and decreased tumor vascularisation, respectively, and 80%, 50%, and 59% responders in the group of increased, normal, and decreased perfusion, respectively, were not significantly different. These results indicate that there is no possibility to discriminate potential responders from nonresponders by results of liver angiography or perfusion scintigraphy. PMID- 3172795 TI - Thermal dose-response of magnetic-induction thermoradiotherapy. AB - Sixty-three patients with advanced cancer underwent greater than or equal to 5,000 cGy combined with Concentric Coil magnetic-induction localized hyperthermia. Tumor regression (CR + PR) was compared to thermal dose received, incorporating the premise that hyperthermia response is a function of time as well as temperature. A computer program was developed (after Sapareto and Dewey [2]) which stored minimum tumor temperatures recorded spatially and temporally during treatment and correlated response with T43 (equivalent minutes at 43 degrees C during the first treatment) and CT43 (cumulative T43, computed by multiplying T43 by the actual number of identical subsequent treatments received during the course of therapy). Those who responded--N = 46 (73%)--had significantly higher median thermal doses than those who did not respond. Comparison of T43 and CT43 thermal dose values between responders and nonresponders was significantly different at p values of 0.05 and 0.04, respectively. The data indicate that magnetic-induction hyperthermia and high dose XRT was an effective treatment combination in advanced disease and that tumor response improved as thermal dose increased. PMID- 3172796 TI - Angiosarcoma of the breast: long-term survival following adjuvant chemotherapy. AB - The present study represents the first attempt of treating primary angiosarcoma of the breast with adjuvant vinblastine sulfate (Velban) resulting in long-term survival with no evidence of disease in two patients. The rationale for using Velban as adjuvant therapy was based primarily on a prior study where the intratumoral administration of Velban into a large fungating recurrent angiosarcoma lesion resulted in eradication of tumor and also on the recognized responses of Kaposi's sarcoma to intralesional or systemic Velban administration. Patients received Velban at a dose of 4 mg/week for 15 and 12 months postoperatively. Both patients remain disease free at 12 and 10 years, respectively. Our data suggest that adjuvant therapy with Velban appears to alter significantly the clinical course of angiosarcoma of the breast. PMID- 3172797 TI - Mouse ovarian tumor cells: an experimental model for progestin-mediated radiotherapy. AB - Mouse ovarian tumor (MOT) cells have been grown in C3HeB/FeJ mice as an ascites and as a subcutaneous tumor and in cell culture as a suspension. These cells contain saturable, high-affinity, specific progesterone receptors. Estrogen receptors were not detectable in these cells. MOT cells can be used as both an in vivo and an in vitro model for progestin-mediated radiotherapy. PMID- 3172798 TI - Operative predictors of delirium after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. A model for postcardiotomy delirium? AB - Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy is an innovative surgical technique for treating pulmonary hypertension caused by chronic thromboembolism. The procedure uses cardiopulmonary bypass but necessitates dramatically longer bypass times than coronary artery bypass grafting or valve operations. We prospectively evaluated 22 patients undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy to determine the incidence of delirium and its relationship to certain preoperative and postoperative medical variables as well as to duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, deep hypothermia, and circulatory arrest. Delirium occurred in 77% of patients with a peak incidence around 72 hours postoperatively. No preoperative or postoperative medical variable distinguished delirious from nondelirious patients. Total bypass time was not associated with delirium, but deep hypothermia time and total circulatory arrest time were both strongly associated. Overall prediction of delirium was 81% when total circulatory arrest time was considered. Further analysis suggested that a total circulatory arrest time greater than 55 minutes was both sensitive to (82%) and specific for (80%) delirium. Implications for the mechanism of postcardiotomy delirium and future research directions are discussed. PMID- 3172799 TI - The hemostatic effect of transfusing fresh whole blood versus platelet concentrates after cardiac operations. AB - The major cause of nonsurgical bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass is delayed recovery of platelet count and function. Recovery of platelet count and function was compared in 27 patients who were randomized preoperatively to receive after cardiopulmonary bypass either 1 unit of fresh whole blood (15 patients) or 10 units of platelet concentrates (12 patients). Platelet count, bleeding time, platelet aggregation (adenosine diphosphate, collagen, epinephrine, and ristocetin) and platelet thromboxane formation were abnormal after cardiopulmonary bypass in all the patients. The increase of platelet count after 1 unit of fresh whole blood (from 115 +/- 32 X 10(9)/L to 148.5 +/- 36 X 10(9)/L) was similar to that achieved by 4 units of platelets (from 140 +/- 61 X 10(9)/L to 171 +/- 60 X 10(9)/L). The increase was doubled after 10 platelet units (from 140 +/- 61 X 10(9)/L to 209 +/- 55 X 10(9)/L). Bleeding time returned to normal values after fresh whole blood or after 8 platelet units. However, platelet thromboxane formation was higher after 1 unit of fresh whole blood than after 10 platelet units (95 +/- 25 versus 46 +/- 35 ng/ml, p less than 0.05), as was platelet aggregation response to collagen and epinephrine. The 24-hour blood loss was smaller in the fresh whole blood group (560 +/- 420 ml versus 770 +/- 360 ml), although the difference was not statistically significant. The results suggest that the hemostatic effect of 1 unit fresh whole blood after cardiopulmonary bypass is at least equal, if not superior, to the effect of 10 units of platelets. PMID- 3172800 TI - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in children. New trends. AB - At the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation program was started in 1980. The results of our experience from 1980 to 1985 were previously reported. In the past 2 years 39 additional newborn infants have been treated with this modality, with an overall survival rate of 79% (31/39). This survival rate is much better than that obtained in 33 neonates who had been treated in the previous 5 years (54%; p less than 0.05). A new aspect of our extracorporeal membrane oxygenation program is the use of total apneic lung rest for persisting pulmonary interstitial emphysema during support with the oxygenator. Six neonates were treated with this technique because of worsening pulmonary interstitial emphysema during extracorporeal circulation. Five of them survived. Another indication for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in our pediatric population has been left ventricular or biventricular failure after cardiopulmonary bypass. Four of our seven patients treated for this indication are long-term survivors. At present, because of the impossibility of using other forms of left ventricular assist devices in the pediatric population, it seems that extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is the most effective treatment for left ventricular failure after cardiopulmonary bypass. From our experience, even in the absence of long-term follow-up of patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, it appears that the benefits of this therapeutic modality far exceed the risks in the high-risk population for which it is being used. PMID- 3172801 TI - Myocardial performance after repair of congenital cardiac defects in infants and children. Response to volume loading. AB - The hemodynamic response to increasing left atrial pressure by volume loading was evaluated in 70 children during the first 24 hours after repair of congenital cardiac defects. The children were grouped into four diagnostic categories: atrial septal defect or pulmonary valve stenosis (n = 8), ventricular septal defect (n = 36), complete transposition after Mustard's operation (n = 13), and tetralogy of Fallot (n = 13). Within 2 hours of bypass, both cardiac index and left ventricular stroke work index were adequate and increased appropriately with volume loading in all four diagnostic groups. The atrial septal defect group demonstrated a similar response to volume loading 4 and 24 hours after bypass. However, the other three diagnostic groups had a higher filling pressure, lower cardiac index and stroke work index, and a depressed response to increasing preload 4 hours postoperatively, which indicated a deterioration in cardiac performance. The deterioration was maximal between 4 and 12 hours after bypass, and performance tended to recover 24 hours postoperatively. The transposition group had a more profound depression in cardiac performance than the other two groups. Within the ventricular septal defect group, smaller children (body surface area less than 0.36 m2) had a more profound depression in performance than larger children. These results demonstrate a significant alteration in cardiac performance during the first 24 hours after repair of congenital cardiac defects in children. These changes should be considered when postoperative management is being planned. PMID- 3172802 TI - Aortic coarctation with hypoplastic aortic arch. Results of extended end-to-end aortic arch anastomosis. AB - Between 1980 and 1986, 80 infants (less than or equal to 3 months old) with symptomatic aortic coarctation and associated severe tubular hypoplasia of the transverse aortic arch underwent surgical treatment. Extended end-to-end aortic arch anastomosis was used in an attempt to correct both the isthmic stenosis and the hypoplasia of the transverse arch. After complete excision of the coarctation tissue, a long incision was made in the inferior aspect of the aortic arch, which was then anastomosed to the obliquely trimmed distal aorta. Pure coarctation was present in 17 patients (group I); 24 infants had an additional ventricular septal defect (group II), and 39 patients had associated complex heart disease (group III). The overall early mortality rate was 26% (confidence limits 21% to 32%) (18% in group I, 17% in group II, and 36% in group III). The early risk declined with time and was 18% (confidence limits 12% to 26%) for the last 2 years (seven deaths in 39 patients). Follow-up was 100% for a mean of 19 months. Actuarial survival rate at 3 years was 82% for group I, 78% for group II, and 32% for group III. Recurrent coarctation (gradient greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg) occurred in six operative survivors (10%, confidence limits 6% to 16%) and necessitated reoperation in three. Freedom from recoarctation at 4 years was 88%. Because extended end-to-end aortic arch anastomosis provides adequate correction of the aortic obstruction and entails a low risk of restenosis, it is our procedure of choice in infants with coarctation and severe hypoplasia of the aortic arch. PMID- 3172803 TI - Repair of interrupted aortic arch in infancy. AB - Twenty-one patients undergoing repair of interrupted aortic arch between December of 1979 and January of 1987 were reviewed to determine the cause(s) of late morbidity and mortality. Ten underwent staged repair, and 11 had complete repair including all coexisting defects at the initial operation. Sixty-two percent are alive and clinically well 6 months to 6 years after the initial operation. Among the five patients who died late postoperatively, four had severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Two other patients have had surgical relief of severe subaortic stenosis. In addition, significant recurrent or residual coarctation was found in four patients; it was relieved by balloon angioplasty in two patients, and two had surgical repair. None of the most recent seven patients, however, have had a residual ascending-descending aortic gradient. Careful follow up for the detection of previously masked or newly developed left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is imperative and may be lifesaving. PMID- 3172804 TI - Arrhythmia and late mortality after Mustard and Senning operation for transposition of the great arteries. An eight-year prospective study. AB - Arrhythmia and late sudden death are recognized complications of intraatrial repair of transposition of the great arteries. We performed a prospective study over 8 years in 100 consecutive hospital survivors who underwent Mustard (46 patients) or Senning (54 patients) operations between 1978 and 1982. Arrhythmia was analyzed by preoperative, postoperative, and serial follow-up Holter monitoring and standard electrocardiograms and was related to clinical outcome. Before repair, all patients were in sinus rhythm with a low incidence of arrhythmia. After repair, there was a gradual decrease in stable sinus rhythm during follow-up so that at a mean of 7 years after operation only 56% of patients having the Senning operation and 66% having the Mustard, with simple transposition, were in stable sinus rhythm on Holter monitoring. There was no significant difference between the two operations. Eleven patients (five after Senning [two simple, three complex], six after Mustard [five simple, one complex]) died during follow-up, four suddenly (two after Senning, two after Mustard). However, loss of sinus rhythm or the presence of arrhythmia on standard electrocardiograms or Holter recordings did not identify patients at risk for increased morbidity or mortality. Thus, even with current surgical techniques, gradual loss of sinus rhythm occurred after both Mustard and Senning operations. Because late death could not be predicted by electrocardiographic analysis, an alternative approach involving detailed hemodynamic and electrophysiologic measurements may be required to identify high-risk patients. PMID- 3172805 TI - Differential ventricular ischemic injury: an experimental model of right ventricular failure with a variable degree of left ventricular dysfunction. AB - The hemodynamic manifestations of right ventricular dysfunction after ischemic injury depend not only on the severity of injury but also on the degree of coexistent left ventricular dysfunction. A better understanding of right ventricular failure and of optimal therapies has been hindered in part by lack of suitable experimental models of selective and differential ventricular injury. Therefore, we developed a technique of differential ventricular myocardial protection during a period of global cardiac ischemia and examined the effect of such an injury on intrinsic right and left ventricular myocardial function, metabolism, and regional blood flow. Twenty-six dogs were subjected to 30 minutes of ischemia while being supported by cardiopulmonary bypass. During ischemia, right and left ventricular myocardial temperatures were independently varied by selective ventricular endomyocardial thermal regulation. Nine dogs underwent right and left ventricular normothermic ischemia, eight underwent right and left ventricular hypothermic ischemia, and nine underwent right ventricular normothermic and left ventricular hypothermic ischemia. In both ventricles, normothermic ischemia resulted in greater depression of ventricular ability to generate stroke work as a function of end-diastolic dimension (p less than 0.05), greater depletion of myocardial adenine nucleotide content (p less than 0.05), and greater subendocardial reperfusion hyperemia (p less than 0.05). Myocardial temperature of the contralateral ventricle during ischemia had no effect (p = not significant) on intrinsic ventricular functional, metabolic, or regional blood flow response to injury. For a given degree of right ventricular injury assessed by these parameters, the degree of left ventricular injury could be independently varied by as much as 50%. This is a particularly suitable model for the investigation of acute right ventricular failure. PMID- 3172806 TI - Effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on myocardial high energy phosphates and lactate after ischemia and cardiopulmonary bypass. An experimental study in baboons. AB - Cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with a reduction in plasma free triiodothyronine in patients undergoing cardiac operations. A previous experimental study in pigs demonstrated a marked inotropic effect when triiodothyronine was administered after a period of myocardial ischemia and cardiopulmonary bypass; this was associated with a significant reduction in mortality compared with the mortality in control pigs. To clarify the effect of triiodothyronine on myocardial high energy phosphate stores and lactate, a series of experiments was done in baboons undergoing 3 hours of myocardial ischemia while supported by cardiopulmonary bypass. Seven baboons received no triiodothyronine and six received 6 micrograms of triiodothyronine at the end of the ischemic period. Seventy minutes after cardiopulmonary bypass, the myocardial adenosine triphosphate level was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the treated animals. In untreated animals, a steady increase in myocardial lactate occurred after cardiopulmonary bypass; by 120 minutes after ischemia (70 minutes after cardiopulmonary bypass) there was a significant difference in lactate levels between the two groups (p less than 0.01). We postulate that a combination of global ischemia and depletion of triiodothyronine results in reduced mitochondrial function, inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and increased anaerobic metabolism and depletion of myocardial phosphates. Triiodothyronine replacement therapy leads to improved mitochondrial function and increased aerobic metabolism, which results in increased synthesis of myocardial phosphates. We suggest that there may be a place for the administration of triiodothyronine in patients undergoing cardiac operations with a prolonged myocardial ischemic period or in whom there is any evidence of low cardiac output after discontinuation of cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 3172807 TI - Median sternotomy with bilateral bullous resection for unilateral spontaneous pneumothorax, with special reference to operative indications. AB - Simultaneous bilateral pulmonary operations were done through median sternotomy in 29 patients with unilateral spontaneous pneumothorax, because bullae and blebs of the lung are frequently bilateral. Bullous lesions on the contralateral lung were encountered in eight of 10 patients (80%) in whom no roentgenographic evidence of the additional lesions had been detected preoperatively. Postoperative examination of percent vital capacity was satisfactory (more than 80%) in 21 of 23 patients followed up over a month after operation, and this suggested that simultaneous bilateral thoracotomy through median sternotomy does not lead to a much greater decrease in postoperative pulmonary function than does unilateral operation. To determine the indications for this method of treatment, we investigated the frequency of subsequent development of contralateral pneumothorax in 178 patients who initially had unilateral spontaneous pneumothorax. The occurrence rate of contralateral pneumothorax with visible bullae on chest roentgenograms was as high as 60% and 33.3% in patients in their teens and in those in their 20s, respectively. In conclusion, therefore, the bilateral operative approach should be considered, especially in teenaged patients with contralateral bullae, in whom the highest contralateral occurrence rate of 60% was found. PMID- 3172808 TI - Tracheobronchial foreign bodies in the Middle East. A Baghdad study. AB - From January 1977 to December 1986, 2170 infants and children were referred to the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery of Medical City Teaching Hospital in Baghdad because of suspected aspiration of tracheobronchial foreign bodies. Bronchoscopic examination was performed in all of them, and a foreign body was found in 1822 (83.96%) patients. The commonest object was a watermelon seed, seen in 1208 (66.3%) patients. Endoscopic removal was achieved in nearly all patients, with thoracotomy being needed in only four. Complications included laryngeal edema in 380 patients, 12 of whom required tracheostomy, and hypoxic cardiac arrest in 10 patients, eight of whom were successfully resuscitated. PMID- 3172809 TI - Effects of antegrade cardioplegic infusion with simultaneously controlled coronary sinus occlusion on preservation of regionally ischemic myocardium after acute coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. AB - This study was conducted to assess the protective effects of antegrade infusion of cardioplegic solution with simultaneously controlled coronary sinus occlusion on regionally ischemic myocardium after acute coronary occlusion and reperfusion. Twelve sheep were subjected to 1 hour of occlusion of the distal left anterior descending coronary artery. Sheep in group I (n = 6) were subjected only to infusion of potassium crystalloid cardioplegic solution into the aortic root, whereas in group II (n = 6) a stitch was snared around the proximal coronary sinus for its subsequent occlusion during antegrade infusions of cardioplegic solution. All animals were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass. Five hundred milliliters of cardioplegic solution at 4 degrees to 8 degrees C was administered in three divided doses during the total cross-clamp period of 30 minutes. The occlusion of the left anterior descending artery was then released, and the animals were weaned from bypass and studied for an additional 4 hours. Coronary sinus pressure, myocardial temperature, regional function assessed by pairs of ultrasonic crystals, global function assessed by rate of rise of left ventricular pressure and cardiac output, and the area at risk and area of necrosis were determined. The heart was excised at the end of the experiment and stained. Animals treated by the technique of antegrade infusion combined with coronary sinus occlusion had more homogeneous myocardial cooling during cardioplegic infusions and better recovery of the first derivative of left ventricular pressure and regional segment shortening at 90 and 270 minutes of reperfusion than those treated with antegrade infusion alone (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively). The group treated by antegrade infusion of cardioplegic solution combined with coronary sinus occlusion had an area of necrosis/area at risk ratio of 40.5% +/- 1.2%; the antegrade infusion group, 58.3% +/- 4.1% (p less than 0.01). These data suggest that antegrade infusion combined with coronary sinus occlusion may be an improved method of global and regional myocardial protection in the presence of an occluded coronary artery. PMID- 3172810 TI - Perioperative variability of binding of lidocaine, quinidine, and propranolol after cardiac operations. AB - This study examined the effect of changes in plasma concentrations of total protein, albumin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and free fatty acids occurring after heart operations on the protein binding of chemically basic drugs. Plasma protein and free fatty acid concentrations were measured simultaneously with in vitro determinations of the protein binding of lidocaine, quinidine, and propranolol: immediately before operation, immediately on weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, on arrival in the recovery room, and 12, 24, 72, and 120 hours postoperatively. Initial decreases in the concentrations of all proteins were followed by a rise in alpha 1-acid glycoprotein to 254% of baseline at 72 to 120 hours. The free fractions of drug were initially increased to 168% of baseline for lidocaine, 206% for quinidine, and 200% for propranolol and fell progressively with time, reaching sustained troughs of 65% for lidocaine, 50% for quinidine, and 57% for propranolol at 72 to 120 hours. Regression analysis indicated a major influence of changing alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentrations on free fractions of all three drugs, with a smaller effect of albumin that reached statistical significance only for lidocaine. There were no significant perioperative changes in plasma concentrations of free fatty acids when the in vitro effects of heparin were controlled. In conclusion, sequential changes in plasma protein concentrations after cardiac operations predictably alter the protein binding of lidocaine, quinidine, and propranolol and should be considered when interpreting total plasma drug concentrations. PMID- 3172811 TI - Degenerative pathologic findings after long-term implantation of bovine pericardial bioprosthetic heart valves. AB - Degeneration of bioprosthetic heart valves constitutes the most important limitation to their long-term durability and the factor that avoids a wider clinical use of these devices. We studied 26 degenerated bovine pericardial valves that belong to a series of 55 prostheses explanted for various reasons. Age of the patients at implantation of the valve and other factors predisposing to primary tissue failure did not seem to significantly influence the results obtained. Mean implantation time was longer for aortic than for mitral valves (p less than 0.05). Also, the mode of failure was different for mitral and aortic prostheses. Tearing of one or more leaflets without mineralization was more frequent (p less than 0.0025) among mitral than among aortic specimens. Coverage of the valve cusps by a macroscopically visible host sheath was more extensive on the outflow than on the inflow aspect (p less than 0.0015 aortic valves; p less than 0.015 mitral valves). On radiological examination the majority of valves had diffuse and severe mineralized lesions. Collagen degeneration was the most frequent histologic lesion to be found in both mineralized and calcium-free valves. Calcification was also frequent and appeared as mineral deposits that extended between different collagen planes. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the almost complete lack of "endothelium-like" cover on any of the valves and exposure of the underlying fibrous components of the pericardial tissue in areas subjected to abrasion. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the collagen degeneration and disclosed electron-dense microparticles (probably mineralized) both in the extracellular space and within degenerated host connective tissue cells. PMID- 3172812 TI - The Carpentier-Edwards supraannular porcine bioprosthesis. A new generation tissue valve with excellent intermediate clinical performance. AB - The Carpentier-Edwards supraannular porcine bioprosthesis, an investigational valve, was implanted in 1167 patients (1174 operations, 1274 valves) between November 1981 and December 1985 (age range 13 to 85 years, mean 61 years). The early mortality rate was 7.2% (with concomitant procedures 10.9%, without 4.8%; with previous operation 10.5%, without 6.6%). The late mortality rate was 4.5% per patient-year (aortic valve replacement, 4.0%; mitral valve replacement, 4.8%; multiple valve replacement, 5.6%). Total cumulative follow-up was 2272.3 years. The prevalence of thromboembolism was 2.6% per patient-year (fatal 0.4% per patient-year, major 1.4%, minor 1.2%); hemorrhage related to antithromboembolic therapy, 0.7% (fatal 0.1%); prosthetic valve endocarditis, 0.4% (fatal 0.2%); periprosthetic leak, 0.4% (fatal 0%); structural valve deterioration (primary tissue failure/structural failure), 0.1% per patient-year; and clinical valve dysfunction, 0.4%. The reoperation rate was 0.8% per patient-year (thromboembolism, 0.1%; clinical valve dysfunction, 0.1%; prosthetic valve endocarditis, 0.1%; periprosthetic leak, 0.4%; structural valve deterioration, 0.1%). Thromboembolism occurred throughout the observation period but with decreasing frequency, hemorrhage throughout the period in no predictable fashion, prosthetic valve endocarditis within 2 years, periprosthetic leak within 2 years, and structural valve deterioration occurred during the fourth year of assessment. The overall survival rate was 79.8% +/- 1.7% (4 years). Freedom (at 4 years) from thromboembolism was 92.2% +/- 1.2%; from structural valve deterioration, 98.8% +/ 0.8%; and from reoperation, 95.8% +/- 1.3%. Freedom from all complications (4 years) was 85.9% +/- 1.7%; from complication mortality, 98.4% +/- 0.4%; and from valve failure (mortality and reoperation), 94.3% +/- 1.3%. This investigational Carpentier-Edwards supraannular porcine bioprosthetic valve has provided excellent clinical performance and remains our overall prosthesis of choice. PMID- 3172813 TI - Adverse effects of anesthetic agents on polycarbonate plastic oxygenators. PMID- 3172814 TI - Cardiac metastasis from a myxoid liposarcoma. PMID- 3172815 TI - Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from an aortopulmonary window. PMID- 3172816 TI - Expression of a leukemia-associated antigen (CAMAL) in four myeloid leukemia cell lines. AB - We have previously described the detection and partial characterization of a common myelogenous leukemia-associated antigen (CAMAL), in CGL and ANLL patients. Both polyclonal and monoclonal (CAMAL-1) antibodies have been raised to p70 (CAMAL) and have been shown to react with both p70 and myeloid leukemia cell preparations. p70 (CAMAL) has been shown to be a monomeric protein of Mr 70,000 and pI 7.2 and was also detectable in the myeloid leukemia cell lines HL60, KG1, K562 and U937, but not in the lymphocytic cell lines Molt-4, Hut-78 and CEM by immunoprecipitation from iodinated cell samples. Using [35S] methionine-labeled cell lines and immunoprecipitation, we have demonstrated the constitutive expression of p70 as well as a major component at p58 and a number at lower molecular weights in the myeloid leukemia cell lines HL60, KG1, K562 and U937, but not in the lymphocytic leukemia cell lines Molt-4, Hut-78 and CEM. The implications of these observations are discussed. PMID- 3172817 TI - Haemoglobin synthesis in K562 erythroleukaemia cells is affected by intimate contact with monolayers of various human cell types. AB - The haemoglobin content of K562 erythroleukaemia cells was affected by co-culture over monolayers of various human cell types. Haemoglobin synthesis was increased after co-culture with umbilical-cord-derived endothelial cells and most monolayers of bone-marrow-derived macrophages, and inhibited after co-culture with two fibroblast lines, blood-monocyte-derived macrophages, a neuroglial cell line (U-251 MG) and most monolayers of bone-marrow-derived stromal cells. These effects were modified when a thin layer of agar was placed over the monolayers. Cell-free culture media conditioned by all but two of the seven types of monolayer studied inhibited haemoglobin synthesis by K562 cells; those conditioned by blood-monocyte-derived macrophages and two of 11 monolayers of bone-marrow-derived macrophages stimulated haemoglobin synthesis. Thus, the haemoglobin content of K562 cells appeared to be influenced both by intimate contact between K562 cells and the cells of the monolayers and by humoral factors released by the monolayers. The data support the concept that erythroid differentiation is partly dependent on intimate contact between erythroid progenitor cells and microenvironmental cells. PMID- 3172818 TI - Cell cycle-related expression of surface antigens on myelomonocytic leukemia cells. AB - We investigated the relationship between the expression of surface antigens and the cell cycle phase in leukemic cells from cell lines and one patient using two color flow cytometry, in order to determine the reason for the uneven expression of some markers which frequently leads to equivocal results as to leukemic phenotyping. As a result, it was demonstrated that monocyte-related differentiation markers, including I2, My4, Mo1 and Mo2, on monocytoid leukemic cells are preferentially expressed at the G0/G1 phase. Consequently, it is expected that the positivities for such markers vary with the proliferation status of the leukemic cells. PMID- 3172819 TI - Interactions of lithium and hydrocortisone in vitro on normal human hematopoiesis. AB - Lithium salts and glucocorticosteroid hormones stimulate hematopoiesis in vitro and in vivo. In the former circumstance, the impact is demonstrable with concentrations of these substances which reflect physiological and pharmacological conditions. The evident therapeutic benefit of these effects, in patients who experience myelosuppression and pancytopenia with the use of cytotoxic chemotherapy for malignant disease, could be enhanced if the influences of lithium and steroids on blood cell formation were at least additive. However, the observations in this study suggest that these substances can be mutually inhibitory, with respect to hematopoiesis, and do not support the use of lithium and steroids in combination to alleviate iatrogenic reduction in bone marrow function. PMID- 3172820 TI - Synaptic currents recorded from the dendritic field of an insect giant interneurone. AB - A method is described enabling the recording of synaptic currents from an isolated interganglionic interneurone in the central nervous system of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, using an oil-gap recording system. The circuitry contains a Wheatstone bridge in which the preparation is the unknown resistance. Using a voltage-clamp technique, both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents together with currents induced by metabolic changes can be detected. PMID- 3172821 TI - A method for controlled mechanical stimulation of single semicircular canals. AB - In the present technical report, we describe a method of mechanical stimulation for single semicircular canals that is reproducible, sensitive, and discrete. The mechanical stimulator is capable of delivering reliable controlled stimuli of different waveforms over a wide frequency range that produce endolymph movements and consequent cupula deflections without motion being imparted to the animal. The results of electrophysiological experiments where the responses from pigeon (Columba livia) single horizontal semicircular canal afferent fibers produced by mechanical stimulation across a broad frequency bandwidth are reported. Comparisons between afferent fiber responses elicited by natural yaw rotation and mechanical stimulation were conducted, with the results indicating that the two stimulation methods produced responses from the same afferent unit that could be equated in magnitude. In addition, results are described from several control experiments that were conducted in order to determine the efficacy of the mechanical stimulation technique. PMID- 3172822 TI - Identification of afferents in a fine nerve strand by selective elimination of signals from C-fibers by electric current pulses. AB - Fine nerve strands teased mechanically from saphenous nerve in anesthetized cats contained 2-5 intact myelinated (A) and up to 15 unmyelinated (C) fibers. An electric current pulse of 3 microA applied through a platinum wire electrode to such a strand during 10 s irreversibly eliminated spikes from C-fibers, yet did not disturb spikes of 80% of A-fibers and decreased the amplitude of the spikes of other A-fibers by not more than 3-fold. When this decrease took place the spike wave form was not distorted and could still be recognized. To diminish the influence of electric current upon signals of some A-fibers current pulses of gradual increasing amplitude in the range of 1-3 microA were applied repetitively until the C-wave in the compound action potential was suppressed. The selective elimination of the signals of C-fibers in fine nerve strands may be used as a method to assist the identification of individual fiber type (A or C). This method is particularly useful in experiments with chemo- and thermo-receptive afferents where the standard collision technique is difficult to apply. PMID- 3172823 TI - A simple glass-coated, fire-polished tungsten electrode with conductance adjustment using hydrofluoridic acid. AB - A method is described to produce glass-coated tungsten microelectrodes in 4 simple steps: (1) etching of the wire, (2) coating with glass, (3) fire polishing, and (4) reopening with hydrofluoric acid to adjust the conductance to a final value. Continuous conductance control is provided during the reopening process by means of an admittance meter to guarantee an exact final adjustment of the conductance required. The complete process yields electrodes of high reliability within a few minutes and the quality of the electrodes remains largely unaffected by any of the manufacturing parameters involved, so that high performance electrodes are produced without sophisticated procedures. The electrodes have been tested successfully over several years recording from cells in the striate visual pathway of the cat. PMID- 3172824 TI - Head restraint device for chronic recording of neural activity in the awake monkey. AB - An adjustable, stainless steel, head restraining device and small screw-tightened skull clips are described which enable us to record single unit neuronal activity chronically from awake, behaving primates of various sizes. We have used this method of head restraint over the past 4 years on 8 primates, for periods up to 18 months without any mechanical failures. This equipment reduces problems stemming from bone necrosis and is well tolerated. PMID- 3172825 TI - A simple method for combining HRP-TMB histochemistry with tritiated thymidine autoradiography on the same tissue section. AB - In order to determine the sequence of development of various types of spinal neurons defined by their projection, we have developed a method for combining tritiated thymidine autoradiography for birthdate determination, with the demonstration of retrogradely transported horseradish peroxidase (HRP) using tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as the chromogen. Because of its greater sensitivity, TMB is the chromogen of choice for the demonstration of HRP. However, the HRP-TMB reaction product is unstable and completely destroyed when the tissue is processed for autoradiography. The present study describes the use of osmium tetroxide as a postreaction stabilizing agent which preserves the HRP-TMB reaction product in the form of a dark brown precipitate which is not destroyed when the tissue is subsequently processed for autoradiography. Background levels of autoradiographs stabilized with the osmium procedure are extremely low. PMID- 3172826 TI - Simple microcomputer system for mapping tissue sections with the light microscope. AB - We describe a method for two-dimensional mapping of tissue sections that makes use of a drawing tube, microscope stage encoders and a microcomputer. The drawing tube views the graphics monitor and superimposes the image of the screen cursor and on-screen menus on the specimen image. Thus, the position of every landmark in each microscopic field can be mapped without stage movement while directly viewing the specimen through the microscope. A mouse is used for data entry and program control. Fields mapped in this way are then assembled into a complete map, which can include line drawings as well as up to 20 landmark types. The coordinate values of all landmarks mapped are stored and remain accessible for editing and analysis. High resolution plots are produced. Specialized functions include grain counting, area and perimeter calculations as well as a perimeter limiter that predefines the area to be mapped. The system uses general purpose hardware that is widely available. Many hitherto time-consuming tasks, such as detailed mapping of cell positions, regions of immunocytochemical staining, degenerating fibers, neuronal connections or any other anatomical feature, can be done in a fraction of the time and effort previously involved. These labor savings can be realized while maintaining the highest resolution and enabling statistical analysis since the data are already in digital form. PMID- 3172827 TI - Basic instrumentation for fast cyclic voltammetry. AB - Fast cyclic voltammetry is a new voltammetric technique which has been especially useful for measurements of dopamine release in vivo. This paper describes methods for the construction of a basic fast cyclic voltammetric amplifier, and the associated apparatus necessary to carry out fast cyclic voltammetric experiments. PMID- 3172828 TI - Assessment of maximal voluntary contraction with twitch interpolation: an instrument to measure twitch responses. AB - The technique of twitch interpolation is being used more commonly to assess whether human muscles are activated fully during attempted maximal voluntary efforts. A circuit which allows the measurement of small twitches superimposed on the maximal voluntary contractions is described. Use of the circuit in simulated and actual maximal voluntary contractions are presented. The sensitivity of the technique is enhanced when more than one stimulus is interpolated and responses are averaged. If rigorously applied, twitch interpolation should allow failure to activate a small fraction of the force output from a muscle (less than 2%) to be detected. The device can be applied to measure any small evoked signal which is superimposed on a large DC offset. PMID- 3172829 TI - [Acute cholecystitis and pancreatitis in pregnancy]. PMID- 3172830 TI - [The occurrence of Chlamydia trachomatis in adolescent girls]. PMID- 3172831 TI - [Prophylactic use of antibiotics in gynecologic-obstetrical surgery]. PMID- 3172832 TI - [Chlamydia infection and its treatment in women in spontaneous abortion and premature labor]. PMID- 3172833 TI - [Variation in complement and immunoglobulins in maternal and umbilical cord blood and in the amniotic fluid and urine in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3172834 TI - [Acid-base status of the mother and infant in labor with meconium in the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 3172835 TI - [Proficiency testing in gynecologic cytodiagnosis in Zagreb]. PMID- 3172836 TI - [Hormonal contraception (present status and prescribing]. PMID- 3172837 TI - [Simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 3172838 TI - [Uterine perforation during legal abortion]. PMID- 3172839 TI - bcr-abl oncogene activation in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Tumor-specific alterations in oncogenes are thought to play a central role in the development of cancer. An example is the consistent fusion of the bcr gene to the c-abl oncogene on the Ph chromosome in CML. The Ph chromosome can also be observed in ALL. About 50% of Ph+ ALL cases, in contrast to CML, do not exhibit chromosomal breakpoints in the major cluster region or mcr (Ph+ mcr- ALL). These cases may have a novel bcr-abl fusion gene instead. We tested this hypothesis in eight Ph+ mcr- ALL patients by amplifying the putative hybrid part of the bcr-abl cDNA, using the polymerase chain reaction method. All cases examined showed the same joining of the first exon of the bcr gene to the c-abl oncogene. Thus, the novel bcr-abl fusion in Ph+ mcr- ALL is the result of a molecularly distinct Ph chromosome. This allows the definition of Ph+ leukemias by their respective bcr abl oncogene activation. Moreover, the cDNA amplification method we use is a clinically useful tool to screen for bcr-abl oncogene activations in leukemia patients. PMID- 3172840 TI - Molecular cloning of a 5' segment of the genomic phl gene defines a new breakpoint cluster region (bcr2) in Philadelphia-positive acute leukemias. AB - Molecular rearrangements of Ph1 chromosome, the hallmark of CML, are clustered in a 5.8-kb DNA segment, the so-called breakpoint cluster region (bcr) of the phl gene that is localized to chromosome 22q11. In Ph1-positive (Ph1+) ALLs, the rearrangements have been shown to involve either the 5.8-kb bcr (called bcr+) or a region upstream of bcr in the 5' end of the phl gene (bcr-). To gain insight into the rearrangements occurring in Ph1+ acute leukemias, a 64-kb DNA fragment from the 5' end of phl was analyzed in order to generate molecular probes covering 40 kb of the phl gene first intron. A panel of seven cases of bcr-Ph1+ acute leukemia (three nonlymphocytic and four lymphocytic) was investigated with these intron 1-derived probes. Strikingly, in six of the seven leukemias, the breakpoints were located in a 10.8-kb DNA segment, defining a new bcr which appears to be specific for Ph1+ acute leukemias. By analogy with the CML bcr region located in the 3' part of the phl gene, we propose to designate this 10.8 kb fragment bcr2. PMID- 3172841 TI - The location of breakpoints within the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) of chromosome 22 in chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - Rearrangement of the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) was demonstrated by Southern blot analysis in the DNA in each of 68 patients with Ph chromosome-positive CML and in 3 of 7 patients with apparent Ph chromosome-negative CML. In contrast, no bcr rearrangement could be found in DNA from 17 normal individuals and 28 patients with various hematologic disorders other than CML or ALL. An analysis of the location of the breakpoints within the bcr indicated that 3' breakpoints were significantly more common in patients in blast crisis or accelerated phase disease compared to those with chronic phase disease. Patients with chronic phase disease and 3' breakpoints had shorter average disease duration than that for chronic phase patients with 5' breakpoints, although the difference between these two groups of patients was not statistically significant. For patients who had progressed to accelerated disease or blast crisis, a statistically significant difference in chronic phase disease duration could be demonstrated between 11 patients with 3' breakpoints (average chronic phase 30.2 months) and 15 patients with 5' breakpoints (average chronic phase 50.6 months). For 8 patients studied in both chronic phase and accelerated or blast crisis, the location of the breakpoint did not change. We suggest that the bcr-abl fusion protein associated with a 3' breakpoint could result in more rapid progression to acute disease, and this may account for differences in the relative frequency of 3' and 5' breakpoints at different disease stages. Although more studies are required, identifying CML patients with a higher propensity for early blast transformation may eventually prove to be of some clinical value. PMID- 3172842 TI - Cytogenetic association and prognostic significance of bone marrow blast cell terminal transferase in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. AB - One hundred ninety-two patients with previously untreated AML had TdT studies performed on their presenting BM aspirate specimens. Thirty-seven patients (19%) had greater than 5% TdT-positive (TdT+) blasts in their BM, as determined by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. CR rates were similar in both groups of patients (20/37 vs. 97/155, p = not significant) as were remission durations and median survivals. In the subset of patients younger than 60 years, patients with TdT+ blasts had an increased median survival (110 vs. 54 weeks, p = 0.1) compared with those having TdT- blasts. Six of 37 patients with TdT+ findings had t(8;21) translocations compared to 5 of 155 with TdT- findings (16% vs. 3%, p less than 0.01). Patients with more than 50% BM blast cells showing TdT positivity at diagnosis tended to be younger than those with TdT- (mean age 30.5 years and 50.3 years, p = 0.04). The presence of TdT+ blast cells in the initial marrow in patients with AML may be associated with specific cytogenetic abnormalities and may identify subsets of patients who have improved prognoses. PMID- 3172843 TI - Clinical characteristics of infant acute leukemia with or without 11q23 translocations. AB - Of 34 infants less than 1 year of age with acute leukemia, 20 had an 11q23 translocation (group I), 8 had t(4;11), 5 had t(11;19), 3 had t(1;11), 2 had t(10;11), 1 had t(9;11), and the other had an 11q+ chromosome. Nine had other chromosome changes (group II), including t(1;19), t(8;14), 5q- chromosome, or +8 in one each, and a translocation involving 7p22 in two. The other five had normal diploidy in their leukemic cells (group III). Thus, the 11q23 translocation was seen in 50% of the leukemic infants, and in as high as 75% of the infants less than 6 months old. While the 7p22 translocations were both seen in those less than 6 months, the four chromosome abnormalities without 11q23 translocation mentioned above and normal diploidy were found only in those 6 months old or more. The group I patients had higher leukocyte counts than the group II (p less than 0.05) or group III (p less than 0.01) patients. Of the 20 group I patients, 16 were classified as having ALL, and 4 were classified as having ANLL. Eleven of 15 ALLs with the 11q23 translocation showed an Ia+, CALLA-, and B4+ (8 of 9 examined) immunophenotype. Coexpression of lymphoid and myeloid Ags was seen in four ALLs and two ANLLs with the 11q23 translocation. The survival of group II patients (median, 9 months) was significantly shorter than that of group I (median, 19 months) (p less than 0.05) or group III (median, 44 months) (p less than 0.01) patients; the difference in the survival between group I and group III patients was not significant. It is noteworthy that 5 of the 20 group I patients have survived 20 months or more without relapsing. PMID- 3172844 TI - Differential expression of class II MHC antigens in subpopulations of human hematopoietic progenitor cells. AB - Expression of major histocompatibility complex class II Ags HLA-DR, HLA-DP, and HLA-DQ on human BM granulocyte-erythroid-macrophage-megakaryocyte CFU (CFU-GEMM), BFU-E, and CFU-GM was examined by indirect immunofluorescence, cell sorting, and complement-mediated cytotoxicity. BM, highly enriched for progenitor cells by depletion of mature hematopoietic elements, was further separated by sterile sorting into HLA-DR (-), low, intermediate, and high intensity HLA-DR (+), as well as HLA-DP (+) and HLA-DP (-) cell fractions and assayed for progenitor cell content. In addition, in the case of HLA-DR, CFU-GM response to inhibition by prostaglandin E was determined. Cell sorting and cytotoxicity data confirm that approximately 95% of assayable erythroid, myeloid, and multipotential progenitor cells expressed HLA-DR, whereas HLA-DQ Ags were undetectable. HLA-DR and HLA-DP Ags were co-expressed on 61% of these progenitor cells, predominantly those expressing HLA-DR at high intensity. Day 7 and 14 CFU-GM showed a trend toward segregation to the high HLA-DR (+) cell fractions, especially when recombinant human G-CSF was used to stimulate clone formation. Both day 7 and day 14 CFU-GMs were found predominantly in the HLA-DP (+) cell fraction. In contrast, BFU-E and CFU-GEMM were found in the low intensity HLA-DR cell fraction and predominantly in the HLA-DP (-) fraction. Both eosinophil CFU and cells giving rise to basophil/mast cells in suspension culture were found in the low and intermediate intensity HLA-DR fractions, but could be segregated into HLA-DP (+) and HLA-DP ( ) cell fractions, respectively. Functional analysis of day 7 CFU-GM segregated, based upon HLA-DR intensity, indicated a positive correlation between increasing HLA-DR intensity and responsiveness to inhibition by prostaglandin E. Furthermore, only those CFU-GM expressing HLA-DR at high intensity could be removed by cytolytic treatment using a mAb anti-HLA-DR previously shown to be selective for CFU-GM responsive to PGE and in S phase of the cell cycle. PMID- 3172845 TI - Acute myeloid leukemia in adults: a case-control study in Yorkshire. AB - This paper reports the results of a case-control analysis of 161 cases of acute myeloid leukemia and 310 matched hospital controls. The patients were interviewed between 1982 and 1986. The study shows a weak association for cases with previous malignant disease. Furnace workers show excess risks. Urticaria and vertigo are in excess, as well as some aspects of family medical histories, including multiple sclerosis and cases of leukemia/lymphoma in blood relations. PMID- 3172846 TI - Which cells do respond during in vitro stimulation of B-CLL and HCL cultures? PMID- 3172847 TI - Phase I clinical and pharmacologic study of deoxycytidine. PMID- 3172848 TI - Nurses unite against AMA proposal. PMID- 3172849 TI - Mediastinal mass and tracheal obstruction during general anesthesia. AB - A 24-year-old man had a large anterior mediastinal mass and a nonproductive cough of 6 weeks' duration. With the patient under general anesthesia, a diagnostic mediastinoscopy was performed with endotracheal intubation. During the procedure, acute respiratory failure developed as a result of tracheal obstruction. Fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination of the patient in the supine position revealed almost total extrinsic compression of the trachea and no evidence of intraluminal disease. Reexamination of the trachea with the patient in sitting and semiprone positions showed resolution of the extrinsic compression and respiratory distress. Flow-volume curves obtained before treatment of the mediastinal mass (histologically diagnosed as Hodgkin's lymphoma) disclosed major airway compression with the patient in the supine position; the abnormality disappeared after chemotherapy. The mechanisms responsible for tracheal compression by mediastinal masses during general anesthesia may include the following: (1) the effect of anesthesia on pulmonary mechanics, (2) the supine body position, (3) the elimination of glottic regulation of airflow by endotracheal intubation, (4) changes related to the surgical manipulation of the tumor itself, (5) the size and location of the mediastinal mass, (6) the young age of the patient, and (7) preexisting airways disease. Anticipation and prevention of potential respiratory complications and preparedness to treat them appropriately are important aspects of the management of these patients. PMID- 3172850 TI - Cyclosporine, low-density lipoprotein, and cholesterol. AB - Lipoproteins are known to be able to transport a variety of drugs. This report suggests that low-density lipoprotein not only functions as an important carrier of cyclosporine in plasma but also facilitates transport of cyclosporine across the cell membrane by means of the low-density lipoprotein receptor. Such a mechanism would explain (1) the similar tissue distribution of cyclosporine and the low-density lipoprotein receptor, (2) the increase in immunosuppression and toxicity with low total serum cholesterol levels, and (3) the relative absence of immunosuppression and toxicity with high levels of cyclosporine in the blood in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. In addition to receptor-mediated uptake, a disturbance of the blood-brain barrier is suggested as an explanation of the high frequency of cyclosporine-induced central nervous system toxicity after liver transplantation. Cyclosporine-induced inhibition of the mitochondrial steroid 26 hydroxylase, an enzyme involved in the formation of bile acids from cholesterol and deficient in patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, may cause or contribute to the observed central nervous system toxicity. It also may explain the similar clinical features of cyclosporine-induced central nervous system toxicity and cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. PMID- 3172851 TI - Inoperable plasma cell granuloma of the heart: spontaneous decrease in size during an 11-month period. AB - Plasma cell granuloma occurs in children, typically as an intrapulmonary mass. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice and is usually curative. We report an atypical and unresectable plasma cell granuloma that occurred asymptomatically in the heart of a child and spontaneously decreased in size by 40% during an 11 month period. Thus, plasma cell granuloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any child who has a cardiac mass. Observation should be considered a treatment option because this case demonstrated that the cardiac mass can spontaneously recede without therapy. PMID- 3172852 TI - Thyrotropin radioimmunoassays: birth, life, and demise. AB - Thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH) radioimmunoassays had their origin in 1965. For 20 years, they provided the single most important measurement for the diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism. Many improvements in the techniques of radioimmunoassay were applied to TSH measurements. These improvements provided greater specificity and sensitivity, but the assay was cumbersome and time-consuming. Despite these disadvantages, considerable information about the relationship of the hypothalamus, pituitary, and thyroid in normal and abnormal conditions was derived. The advent of monoclonal antibody technology and its application to the glycoprotein hormones resulted in the development of epitope-specific antibodies. These antibodies allowed a "sandwich" configuration for the TSH assay, which resulted in a new era of specificity, sensitivity, and speed in TSH measurements. PMID- 3172853 TI - Use of sensitive immunoradiometric assay for thyrotropin in clinical practice. AB - Although measurement of thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH) by radioimmunoassay was a major advance in the laboratory diagnosis of thyroid failure--replacing the time-consuming TSH stimulation test--it was not sufficiently sensitive to discriminate reliably between euthyroid and hyperthyroid patients. Measurement of the TSH response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) served this purpose, however. The recent development of TSH assays that are severalfold more sensitive and more specific than conventional radioimmunoassays has allowed distinction of euthyroid from hyperthyroid patients and eliminated the need for the TRH test. Although undetectable levels of TSH, compatible with hyperthyroidism, are occasionally noted in euthyroid patients with severe nonthyroidal illness and during the first trimester of pregnancy, false-positive results are less often recorded for TSH than for free or total thyroid hormone measurements. Measurement of TSH by sensitive immunoradiometric assay is currently the most useful first-line test of thyroid function in patients with suspected thyroid disease and, in addition, has a valuable role in monitoring the dose of thyroxine replacement therapy. PMID- 3172854 TI - Treatment of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3172855 TI - Surgical procedures on the atrioventricular node. PMID- 3172856 TI - Thyrotropin measurements: past, present, and future. PMID- 3172857 TI - Cryosurgical modification of atrioventricular conduction for treatment of atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia. AB - Cryosurgical modification of atrioventricular (AV) node conduction was performed in five patients with AV node reentrant tachycardia that used dual AV nodal pathways and was refractory to drug therapy. The procedure alleviated the tachycardia in all patients without the development of complete heart block and without any associated surgical morbidity or mortality. These results suggest that cryosurgical modification of AV node conduction is a promising and potentially curative method of treating AV node reentrant tachycardia. PMID- 3172858 TI - Contractile and histochemical properties of young and old medial gastrocnemius muscle after suspension hypokinesia/hypodynamia. AB - In order to determine if the atrophic process was different in the young and in the aged fast twitch medial gastrocnemius muscle, in which the aging process is clearly apparent, hindlimb hypokinesia/hypodynamia (H/H) was induced on rats. After 3 weeks, we measured speed-related indices, tension indices and tension producing capacities. Fiber type composition and fiber cross-sectional area were also determined. The body weight and muscle weight decreased. The ratio of muscle weight to body weight was greater in the 3-month-old control group than in the 22 month-old group. However, the ratio was not altered by H/H. In both groups, contraction time, half relaxation time and twitch tension did not vary with H/H but maximally developed tension and force generated per gram of muscle were decreased. For the histochemical analysis, the medial gastrocnemius muscle was divided in its red and white parts. Fiber type composition remained the same after H/H in both parts of the muscle and in both groups of age except for an increase of the FOG fiber type proportion in the red part of the old group. Fiber cross-sectional area increased with age and decreased after the suspension except for the fast fibers in the white part of the aged muscle. The most affected group in fiber cross-sectional (SO-FOG-FG) area after suspension was the white part of medial gastrocnemius in the young group. The suspension atrophy appeared to be independent of age in the medial gastrocnemius at the contractile level whereas atrophy was greater at the histochemical level in the young muscle. With age, fiber cross-sectional area increased particularly in the red part of the muscle. PMID- 3172859 TI - Effects of ageing and long-term subcultivation on collagen lattice contraction and intra-lattice proliferation in three rat cell types. AB - Many cells can contract a hydrated collagen lattice when seeded within one, reorganizing the collagen fibrils into a compact structure by tractional forces exerted during cell movement and translocation. The effects of ageing on this tractional-motility property of cells was examined for three cell types from adult Fischer 344 male rats: skin fibroblasts, aortic smooth muscle cells, and dedifferentiated chondrocytes. All cell types at low population doubling levels (PDL less than 10) contracted collagen lattices, though with different proficiencies (smooth muscle cells greater than dedifferentiated chondrocytes greater than skin fibroblasts). There was no significant difference in contraction ability of cell isolates of the same type obtained from 4-month and 24-30-month animals. Cells that had been subcultivated extensively (PDLs of 50 110) retained contractional ability. The cell types proliferated within lattices to varying extents, and there was no correlation between a cell type's extent of proliferation in a lattice and its proliferation in monolayer culture. That lattice contraction ability is preserved intact with ageing in three cell types suggests that the tractional forces exerted by cells on a collagen matrix in vitro may have a significant role in adult life in vivo. PMID- 3172860 TI - Age-related changes of enkephalinergic innervation of human sympathetic neurons. AB - The age-related changes in the distribution of enkephalin-immunoreactive (ENK-IR) nerve fibers in relation to the principal neurons were studied in 23 human sympathetic ganglia from patients aged between 22 and 98 years. There were no age related changes in the diameter of nerve cells and the packing density of the neurons did not change. There was an age-related decrease in the proportion of neurons innervated by enkephalin-containing fibers. In all age groups the neurons innervated by ENK-IR nerve fibers were larger than those neurons which were not surrounded by ENK-IR nerves. The pigment material in the enkephalin-innervated neurons was non-osmiophilic. The small neurons containing dark neuromelanin type of age pigment were not innervated by ENK-IR nerves. It is speculated that ENK-IR preganglionic nerves play a role in maintaining neuronal integrity of sympathetic neurons. PMID- 3172861 TI - Plasticity of postsynaptic density material in optic synapses of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the senescent rat. AB - Optic synapses in the suprachiasmatic nucleus were studied in senescent rats after 2 weeks of constant light influence (light rats) or darkness (dark rats). The amount of postsynaptic density material was significantly greater in dark rats compared with light rats. Dark rats also showed a higher percentage of asymmetric synapses than light rats. The sizes of synaptic appositions and boutons were also compared. The phenomena observed may indicate supersensitivity and a higher number of excitatory synapses in dark rats and subsensitivity and lower number of excitatory synapses in light rats. PMID- 3172862 TI - Age-related changes of long-chain fatty acid metabolism in rat liver. AB - Palmitate oxidation activity and the activities of several enzymes involved in long-chain fatty acid metabolism were examined in the liver of young adult (2 month-old) and senescent (32-month-old) female rats. Palmitate oxidation activity in rat liver mitochondria showed age-related decrease, as judged by the rates of both 14CO2 production and formation of radioactive acid-soluble products from [1 14C]palmitate. In addition, long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase activity was found to be decreased in liver mitochondria and increased in liver microsomes in senescent rats. These results suggest that, in the rat liver, preferential channeling of long-chain fatty acids through the triacylglycerol synthetic pathway may increase with age, and as a result, energy production by their oxidation may decrease. PMID- 3172863 TI - Effect of chronic undernutrition on susceptibility to cold stress in young adult and aged rats. AB - Chronically undernourished laboratory rodents live as much as 50% longer than matched control animals fed ad libitum. In their natural habitats, however, most mammals, including humans, appear to have shorter life expectancies when chronically undernourished. The present research demonstrated that both brief and chronic undernutrition speeds rate of body temperature drop in rats exposed to cold air. Furthermore, chronic undernutrition also decreased the rate at which body temperature returned to normal after animals had been removed from the cold environment. These results suggest that while chronic undernutrition may slow the rate of physiological aging it also increases the organism's susceptibility to stressor stimuli. PMID- 3172864 TI - Predictors and consequences of symptom reporting behaviors in colorectal cancer patients. AB - Data from a sample of 294 colorectal cancer patients were used to examine factors influencing symptom reporting. The number of symptoms reported spontaneously by the subjects in response to open-ended questions was compared with the total number of symptoms reported using this technique plus a variety of other techniques. Fifty-four percent of the total number of symptoms were reported spontaneously by the subjects. Subject and symptom characteristics were examined for an association with symptom reporting patterns. Subject characteristics associated with spontaneous reporting were socioeconomic status (SES), prior health status, and psychological status at the time of the interview; age and sex were not related to symptom reporting. The best predictors of symptom reporting were symptom characteristics, with symptoms that were severe, unusual, and developed quickly reported more often. Incomplete symptom reports also were associated with inaccurate estimates of patient delay. Implications of these findings for medical practice and for future research are discussed. PMID- 3172865 TI - Detection of psychologic complaints by general practitioners. AB - Many complaints, which present as somatic illness at a medical visit, appear afterwards to be partly psychologic in origin. Not every general practitioner (GP), however, is equally sensitive to the psychologic aspects, and not every physician possesses the communication techniques required to detect them. In this respect, it has been considered important that a GP show attention, interest and concern; have a patient-centered attitude; clarify complaints; structure the interview; and have an active, seeking attitude. In this research project the effects of these factors on a patient's presentation of personal problems were investigated; the relationship between the GP's way of communicating and his or her sensitivity to the psychologic aspects of complaints was examined. It appeared that the features of physician-patient interaction, mentioned above are complementary; it was possible to identify one conversational style, expressed by a factor score, based on measurements of the several distinct features. This conversational style appeared to be a good predictor of a physician's initiatives in asking for a patient's problems, but a negative predictor of a patient's initiatives in presenting them. Hence, when a physician communicated in an open, patient-centered way, the patient did not need to take those initiatives; if the patient did so, it was in most cases a sign of the physician's unresponsive attitude. The open conversational style of the physician was related to his sensitivity to the psychologic aspects of complaints. The consequences of these findings for vocational and postgraduate training are discussed. PMID- 3172866 TI - Employee premiums, availability of alternative plans, and HMO disenrollment. AB - The notion that greater competition among health plans helps contain health-care costs presumes that consumers respond to economic incentives. This article tests that proposition through an examination of the factors that cause individuals to disenroll from health maintenance organizations (HMOs). The study relies upon a multivariate probit model of disenrollment behavior, estimated with data on 1,553 subscribers in three Minneapolis-St. Paul HMOs in 1984. The results indicate that disenrollments are a function largely of economic factors; disenrollments rise significantly with increases both in relative premiums and in the number of plan choices available to consumers. To illustrate, a +5.00 increase in the employee's monthly premium for one HMO, relative to the average change in the employees' premiums for all other available plans, would lead to a two thirds increase in that HMO's disenrollment rate. PMID- 3172867 TI - Substitution of formal and informal care for the community-based elderly. AB - The Minnesota Pre-Admission Screening/Alternative Care Grants Program screens those at risk of nursing home placement and funds services that will allow the elderly to be cared for at home. Information was collected for a 1-year period on client placement, health and functional status, informal support, use of health and formal services, and care-giver characteristics for 214 clients screened during the last quarter of 1984. A two-equation model was hypothesized to examine the formal service decisions of case managers and the amount of informal care provided for elderly clients at risk of institutionalization. A system of two simultaneous equations was estimated using a two-stage least-squares approach. The findings suggest that case managers allocate formal services based primarily on client need. The amount of informal care provided to clients did not affect significantly the decisions of case managers and is not determined significantly by the amount of formal services received by the elderly in the community. The lack of substitution between formal services and informal care reinforces the findings of previous research. PMID- 3172868 TI - Physician use among the old-old. Factors affecting variability. AB - A random sample of 189 noninstitutionalized adults aged 75 and older was used to examine the influence of personal and social characteristics of the old-old on physician use. A path analysis traced direct and indirect effects of predisposing, enabling, and need variables within Andersen's health-behavior model. Income and perceived severity of symptoms were the only two variables with direct causal effects, whereas education, gender, race, living arrangements, and number of symptoms influenced physician use indirectly. Implications of the heterogeneity of the old-old for future research in health behavior are discussed. PMID- 3172869 TI - The use of network sampling for locating the seriously ill. AB - Network sampling, based on the experience of conducting the large-scale 1986 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation National Access to Health Care Survey, was shown to be a viable alternative to more conventional procedures for oversampling persons with a low incidence and prevalence of health conditions. The network sampling approach was a more economical and methodologically less obtrusive means of increasing sample size of persons with desired characteristics than conventional procedures. The approach requires estimating the incidence, prevalence, or both of the required characteristics in the population. As the proportion of persons in the population with the characteristic increases, network sampling may lose its attractiveness. However, this has to be judged both in economic terms and in terms of the methodologic consequences of using other procedures to increase the size of subgroups of interest. As discussed, additional methodologic work is required on the consequences of network sampling for study group representativeness and sampling bias. However, network sampling, in the authors' opinion, is sufficiently promising to warrant methodologic explorations to answer these and other relevant questions about its use. PMID- 3172870 TI - [Treatment of Graves-Basedow disease with individualized doses of I-131]. PMID- 3172871 TI - [Tuberculosis in Spain. Autopsy study]. PMID- 3172872 TI - [Molecular pathology in Alzheimer's disease]. PMID- 3172873 TI - [Growing pains. Syndrome or chimera?]. PMID- 3172874 TI - [Axonal polyneuritis and macrocytosis: initial signs of vitamin B12 deficiency presenting as intermittent paresthetic claudication]. PMID- 3172876 TI - [Usefulness of physostigmine in the treatment of anticholinergic drug poisoning]. PMID- 3172875 TI - [Quantitative increase of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) MARIA (monoclonal antibody radioimmunoassay) in relation to monoclonal CEA in colorectal cancer]. PMID- 3172877 TI - [Alcohol consumption and accidents in Barcelona. Epidemiologic study]. PMID- 3172878 TI - [The Guadalajara Study (3): Changes in clinical and analytical parameters in diabetic patients exposed to a course of continuing diabetes education. Results of 30 months' follow-up]. PMID- 3172879 TI - [Acute adult lymphoblastic leukemia 1988]. PMID- 3172880 TI - [Alcohol and accidents]. PMID- 3172881 TI - [The efficacy of diagnostic tests (I)]. PMID- 3172882 TI - [Fever and vasculitic purpura in a 41-year-old woman with a ventriculo-atrial shunt for normotensive hydrocephalus]. PMID- 3172883 TI - [Arterial hypertension in emergencies: crisis, emergencies or simply hypertension?]. PMID- 3172884 TI - [The sublingual route in hypertensive crisis?]. PMID- 3172885 TI - [Meta-analysis and Simpson's paradox]. PMID- 3172886 TI - [Disseminated infection caused by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3172887 TI - [Age-sex correlates and pancreatic neoplasia]. PMID- 3172888 TI - [Aneurysm of the femoral artery as the cause of pseudothrombophlebitis]. PMID- 3172889 TI - [Cerebral toxoplasmosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Study of the clinical, radiological, and pathological findings in 10 cases]. PMID- 3172890 TI - [Recurring benign idiopathic hematuria]. PMID- 3172891 TI - [English, an international language in medicine]. PMID- 3172892 TI - [Ewing sarcoma and pregnancy]. PMID- 3172893 TI - [Spontaneous muscle infarction in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3172894 TI - [Dissemination of an epidermoid carcinoma of the lip through the mental nerve]. PMID- 3172895 TI - [Chronic urticaria associated with giardiasis]. PMID- 3172896 TI - [False positive result for antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus in Q fever]. PMID- 3172897 TI - [Hemiballism as the presenting form of a hypertensive crisis]. PMID- 3172898 TI - [Diagnostic accuracy of the serum thyroglobulin determinations and isotopic scanning in differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid with more than 5 years of follow-up]. PMID- 3172899 TI - [Correlation between the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the average annual temperature]. PMID- 3172900 TI - [Comparison of the initial yield in cytology, biopsy and carcinoembryonic antigen in the study of pleural effusions]. PMID- 3172901 TI - [[Iatrogenic disease in a series of 288 clinical autopsies]. PMID- 3172902 TI - [Current value of the lipoproteinogram in the study of lipoprotein metabolism]. PMID- 3172903 TI - [2 U of PPD RT-23: the suitable dose in the Mantoux test]. PMID- 3172904 TI - [Validity of the diagnosis at hospital discharge]. PMID- 3172905 TI - [Acute acalculous cholecystitis in amyloidosis]. PMID- 3172906 TI - [Cocaine and dystonias]. PMID- 3172907 TI - [Approach to health in Spain]. PMID- 3172908 TI - [Arterial hypertension secondary to Guillain-Barre syndrome. Treatment with a labetalol and chlorpromazine combination. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3172909 TI - [Severe post-splenectomy hepatic insufficiency in a patient with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia]. PMID- 3172910 TI - [Lymph node biopsy in the diagnosis of endemic non-filarial elephantiasis (podoconiosis)]. PMID- 3172911 TI - ["Morbility" or morbidity? Concerning the scientific terminology]. PMID- 3172912 TI - [4-year experience in drug surveillance]. PMID- 3172913 TI - [Endemic non-filarial elephantiasis of the lower limbs: podoconiosis]. PMID- 3172914 TI - [Prospective study on mortality in a general internal medicine department]. PMID- 3172915 TI - [Acute febrile myopathy in intravenous drug users: clinical and morphological study]. PMID- 3172916 TI - [Lymphocyte response to mitogens and antigens in pleurisy]. PMID- 3172917 TI - [Analysis of hospital mortality as an index of efficiency]. PMID- 3172918 TI - [Resurrection of tuberculosis]. PMID- 3172919 TI - [Term pregnancy and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. First Spanish case]. PMID- 3172920 TI - [Flexion contractures in hemiparesis associated with Addison's disease]. PMID- 3172921 TI - [An unusual form of acute thyroiditis]. PMID- 3172922 TI - [Antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus in patients with Behcet's disease]. PMID- 3172923 TI - [Cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3172924 TI - [Metastasis in the corpus cavernosum of the penis as primary manifestation of epidermoid carcinoma of the lung]. PMID- 3172925 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of extranodal origin. Analysis of prognostic factors]. PMID- 3172926 TI - [Intrafamilial horizontal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus in an area of low incidence]. PMID- 3172927 TI - [Short-term anticoagulation in suspected pulmonary thromboembolism with normal phlebography of the legs]. PMID- 3172928 TI - [Sublingual clonidine in a hypertensive crisis]. PMID- 3172929 TI - [Heatstroke or fulminating sepsis?]. PMID- 3172930 TI - [Scurvy, not vasculitis]. PMID- 3172931 TI - [The citizen's knowledge of emergency alarm systems]. PMID- 3172932 TI - [Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia and neuropathy]. PMID- 3172934 TI - [Ethics and biomedical communication]. PMID- 3172933 TI - [Lymph node puncture: past, present and future]. PMID- 3172935 TI - [Brown's syndrome associated with arthritis]. PMID- 3172936 TI - [New norms and advices in the evaluation of anthropometric parameters in our population: adipose tissue-muscle index, weight indices and percentile tables of anthropometric data useful in nutritional assessment]. PMID- 3172937 TI - [Anticardiolipin antibodies and Sneddon's syndrome]. PMID- 3172938 TI - [Subcutaneous nodules: initial manifestation of disseminated hematogenous tuberculosis]. PMID- 3172939 TI - [Serum immunoglobulins and human immunodeficiency virus]. PMID- 3172940 TI - [Mixed cryoglobulinemia and reactive retroperitoneal lymph node hyperplasia]. PMID- 3172941 TI - [Roentgen cinematographic studies in patients who snore]. AB - A radiocinematographic procedure of the pharyngeal examination of snorers is presented. By swallowing, by the production of pharyngeal sounds and by the forced inspiration which produces snoring sounds a dysfunction or an obstruction in the upper respiration tract can be located. This method is a useful diagnostic aid in snoring disease which should precede surgical interventions in the pharynx. PMID- 3172942 TI - [A simple procedure for quantitative and time coded detection of snoring sounds in apnea and snoring patients]. AB - A simple technique for time-encoded recording of snoring sounds is presented. An electronic circuit connected to a stereo cassette recorder via cord remote control will start the recorder when the sound pressure of the snoring sound surpasses a preset level. The snoring sound is recorded on one track of the cassette recorder. The other track is used for the time code. Every 120 seconds the tape recorder is switched on by the electronic circuit and a short high level signal is recorded. The time interval between two time coding signals equals the snoring time. Analysis of the time coding signals is performed by an A/D converter installed in a Personal Computer. The converter amd accompanying software are used to calculate the duration of the intervals between the coding signals. The results are displayed graphically where sleeping time is plotted against snoring time (Fig.2). The length of each bar equals the snoring time in seconds for each 120 second interval. Snoring periods can be recognised at a glance and the snoring pattern can be evaluated. Three cases studies are presented demonstrating the performance of the technique. A 39-year-old female with nonpathological snoring (Fig.2), a 45-year-old male with heavy and regular snoring (Fig. 3) and a 36-year-old male with a full-blown Pickwickian Syndrome (Fig. 4). This patient's response to nasal cPAP is demonstrated in Fig. 5. PMID- 3172943 TI - [Pseudo-spontaneous nystagmus with Frenzel eyeglasses]. AB - The small light sources of Frenzel's glasses can induce Purkinje's figure on the retina. This is a stabilised retinal figure that may elicit an artificial "Leuchtbrillen-Nystagmus" which is easily mistaken for a spontaneous vestibular nystagmus. Provided with special instructions on how to induce Purkinje's figure, 22 of 55 normal subjects were able to produce nystagmus with Frenzel's glasses. This pseudo-spontaneous nystagmus should be avoided by using a pair of glasses, that cannot induce Purkinje's figure. Such glasses are currently being developed in our laboratory. PMID- 3172944 TI - [Expert assessment of Meniere's disease]. AB - Meniere's disease, which is characterized by typical attacks, demands an adequate medicolegal assessment. In medical expertising the comparison with other recurrent attacks of diseases (asthma, migraine etc.) must be considered. Basing on several classifications, a diagram relating the frequency with the intensity of vertigo attacks has been compiled assessing the percentage of professional disability. PMID- 3172945 TI - [Transmission electron microscopy of in vitro cultivated squamous cell carcinoma cell lines]. AB - Despite a twofold recloning, ultrastructural analysis of squamous cell carcinoma lines of the head and neck showed morphologically a very heterogeneous picture in respect of the cytoplasmatic organelles, electron density of the cytoplasma, nucleus and differentiation of the cell membranes. Most prominent were the differences in the content of mitochondria and the formation of intracytoplasmatic filaments and desmosomes. Although the cells have been cultured as single cells, they developed desmosomes in vitro. The cell contact formation varied to such a degree that the plasma membranes of the cells from the tongue squamous cell carcinoma line SCC-25, as an example, were almost completely occupied by desmosomes. PMID- 3172946 TI - [Implantation of 125 iodine seeds in the dog vocal cord. An experimental morphologic study]. AB - Following the first positive therapeutic results of T1a vocal chord cancer with 125iodine seeds in man (brachytherapy), we were concerned with the effects of this low-energy photon source on healthy laryngeal tissue. In the larynx, changes in the area of the vocal chord and the cartilaginous laryngeal structures were investigated in particular. These experimental studies were performed on the larynx of the dog. Through direct laryngoscopy, two 125iodine seeds were implanted in the anterior third of each vocal chord in 8 dogs; the resulting prick canals were sealed with fibrin glue. During survival the correct position of the seeds was radiologically monitored. After survival periods of 1, 3, 6, and 12 months the larynges were fixed by perfusion, removed, imbedded in paraplast, and stained with H. E., Azan, and E. v. G. After this protracted irradiation with 125iodine seeds only slight and for the most part reversible pathological changes had occurred. One month after implantation, only a perivascular infection was found in the vocal chord. After three months an inhibition of the fibrin organization around the seeds was observed as well as a localized dyschylia with broadening of the gland ducts. Additionally, a circumscribed dysplasia of the squamous epithelium, swelling of the capillary endothelium, atrophy of muscular fibres around the seeds, and telangiectasia of blood vessels were discernable. 6 and 12 months after implantation, only the muscular atrophy and the telangiectasia of the blood vessels remained detectable, in addition to a reduced inhibition of the fibrin organisation by connective tissue. PMID- 3172947 TI - [Hearing impairment and earache as initial symptoms of Wegener's granulomatosis]. AB - Wegener's Granulomatosis occurs rarely. It is an autoimmune disease and as such it is a special form of panarteriitis nodosa. Manifestations are seen in various organs. Granulomatous lesions in the nose, paranasal sinuses and pharynx are very characteristic and often mark the beginning of the disease. However, a painful otitis media with combined hearing loss may also be the first sign of this generalised rheumatic disease. By describing three cases we document clinical constellations of results and summarise them in tabular form. The knowledge of these constellations prevents confusing this disease with otitis media, tuberculosis and sudden deafness. PMID- 3172948 TI - Binaural cochlear implantation: comparison of 3M/House and Nucleus 22 devices with evidence of sensory integration. AB - Direct comparison of the efficacy of cochlear implant designs has been difficult for several reasons. There have been wide variations in patients implanted and many differences in testing protocols for each device. In most instances, even a single patient may have unequal degrees of pathology and duration of deafness in the two ears. Implantation of a 3M/House device in the left ear and a Nucleus 22 device in the right ear of a 55-year-old woman, deafened to a similar degree and simultaneously in both ears by streptomycin, allows an opportunity to compare function under presumably similar circumstances. The Nucleus 22 cochlear implant was superior in this case in providing speech discrimination. Perhaps of greater interest, however, is evidence of a binaural effect. Presumably, central integration of sensory stimuli presented through two dissimilar processing strategies resulted in enhanced function on certain measures. PMID- 3172949 TI - Submandibular gland excision. AB - A review of 107 submandibular gland excisions was made to determine the relative frequency of neoplastic versus non-neoplastic disease. The results show a preponderance of non-neoplastic pathology. Benign tumors were found in 6% of glands, primary glandular and metastatic carcinoma in 3%. Timely treatment of a submandibular gland mass is indicated due to the relatively aggressive behavior of malignancies originating in this location. PMID- 3172950 TI - Temporal bone pneumatization in cystic fibrosis patients. AB - Cystic fibrosis patients commonly have nasal polyps and sinusitis, but surprisingly are spared from an increased occurrence of otitis media. Twenty cystic fibrosis patients whose ages ranged from 13 to 26 years were studied. Only one of these patients had a history of otitis. Minimal temporal bone pneumatization, as determined by computed tomography, was used as an indicator of childhood otitis. The computed tomography had been done as part of the medical evaluation of their symptomatic paranasal sinusitis. On the average, pneumatization volume was larger for the cystic fibrosis patients than for the normal population (p = 0.033, Student's t-test). That is, these data indicate that cystic fibrosis patients had significantly less otitis than the normal population. Assuming that these cystic fibrosis patients are representative, the data may imply that the gene for good musculoskeletal eustachian differentiation is linked with the gene for cystic fibrosis. The data also imply that poor mucociliary transport does not necessarily induce otitis media. PMID- 3172951 TI - Use of bacitracin for neurotologic surgery. AB - Wound infection, cerebrospinal fluid leak, and meningitis are serious potential complications of neurotologic procedures that transgress the posterior cranial fossa dura. A study of 236 patients was made to determine the effect of perioperative intravenous antibiotics and topical bacitracin irrigation on the incidence of these complications. Of the 236 patients, 170 (72%) underwent translabyrinthine resection of acoustic tumors, while 66 (28%) underwent retrolabyrinthine vestibular nerve section. Patients were divided into four groups: those who received no antibiotics, those who received perioperative intravenous antibiotics only, those who received topical bacitracin irrigation only, and those who received a combination of perioperative intravenous antibiotics and topical bacitracin irrigation. There were no untoward effects of either perioperative intravenous antibiotics or topical bacitracin. The results indicate that bacitracin irrigation reduced the incidence of wound infection from 9% to 2% (p less than 0.05); of cerebrospinal fluid leak from 12% to 5% (p less than 0.04); and of all targeted complications combined from 22% to 9% (p less than 0.006). Furthermore, the topical bacitracin irrigation only group showed a statistically significant reduction in wound infections compared to the perioperative intravenous antibiotic only group (p less than 0.02). The incidence of meningitis was statistically unaffected by any of our treatment protocols. PMID- 3172952 TI - New imaging techniques in diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid fistula. AB - The localization of a cerebrospinal fluid fistula producing cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea can be very difficult. However, the exact anatomic localization of the bony defect is important when selecting the surgical approach to repair. Case reports of two patients in whom spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea occurred following pressure equalization tube placement for middle-ear effusion are presented. Nuclear magnetic imaging supplemented CT scan findings, providing noninvasive localization of the defect. Preoperative impressions were confirmed at surgery. In addition to discussing the use of magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea, the literature will also be reviewed. PMID- 3172953 TI - Comparative studies of speech processing strategies for cochlear implants. AB - A wide variety of speech processing strategies for multichannel auditory prostheses were compared in studies of two patients implanted with the UCSF electrode array. Each strategy was evaluated using tests of vowel and consonant confusions, with and without lipreading. Included among the strategies were the compressed analog processor of the present UCSF/Storz prosthesis and a group of interleaved pulses processors in which the amplitudes of nonsimultaneous pulses code the spectral variations of speech. For these patients, each with indications of poor nerve survival, test scores were significantly higher with the interleaved pulses processors. We believe this superior performance was a result of 1. the substantial release from channel interactions provided by nonsimultaneous stimuli and 2. a fast enough rotation among the channels to support adequate temporal and spectral resolution of perceived speech sounds. PMID- 3172954 TI - MOHS for head and neck mucosal cancer: report on 111 patients. AB - Microscopically Oriented Histologic Surgery (MOHS) has been applied to primary epidermoid cancers of the mucosal tissues of the head and neck since 1979. In that time we have treated 170 patients and maintained excellent records, losing no patients to follow-up. One hundred three patients have been followed for 2 years. Of this group, only nine patients have developed local recurrences; three were salvaged, six were not. This presentation reviews the concept of MOHS and its application to head and neck mucosal lesions. The results are analyzed, and conclusions are drawn regarding what we have learned about the biologic behavior of head and neck tumors and the role of MOHS in treating these neoplasms. PMID- 3172955 TI - The sternocleidomastoid myoperiosteal flap for esophagopharyngeal reconstruction and fistula repair: clinical and experimental study. AB - Despite advances in head and neck surgery, reconstruction of the pharynx and cervical esophagus continues to be troublesome. Classic pedicled flaps are often too bulky and difficult to position for repair of pharyngeal and esophageal fistulas. An ideal flap would be local, well-vascularized, compact, and capable of being sutured into a tension-free, water-tight seal. In selected cases, the sternocleidomastoid myoperiosteal flap can meet these requirements in a single stage procedure for repair of fistulas as well as selected cases of primary pharyngeal reconstruction. The use of this flap is described in five patients. Two patients underwent laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy that left inadequate mucosa for primary closure. A sternocleidomastoid myoperiosteal flap was used to add width to the remaining mucosa. Both patients healed within 3 weeks and remained stricture free. Three other patients who underwent radiation followed by tumor resection and standard primary closure of the pharynx developed fistulas. Two fistulas were repaired successfully with the sternocleidomastoid myoperiosteal flap, and both patients were able to eat a general diet on the eighth postoperative day. Reconstruction was also performed in dogs to histologically evaluate the epithelialization capacity of the periosteum. There was total epithelialization of the flap at 4 weeks after reconstruction. PMID- 3172956 TI - Comparison of benefit from vibrotactile aid and cochlear implant for postlinguistically deaf adults. AB - Four postlinguistically deaf adults were evaluated presurgically with a one- or two-channel vibrotactile aid and postsurgically with a multichannel, multielectrode, intracochlear implant. Although the vibrotactile aid provided awareness of sound and enhanced flow of conversation, benefit to lipreading was small on videotaped tests and speech tracking. Scores on recorded, sound-only speech tests were not significantly above chance except in discrimination of noise from voice. With the cochlear implant, benefit to lipreading was significantly greater than with the vibrotactile aid, and scores on sound-only tests were significantly above chance. Communication was markedly better with the implant than with the vibrotactile aid. In counseling those who get no benefit from a hearing aid, the results of this study provide data on the amount of benefit one- or two-channel vibrotactile aids provide postlinguistically deaf adults who are subsequently implanted. PMID- 3172957 TI - Evaluation of five different cochlear implant designs: audiologic assessment and predictors of performance. AB - The audiologic performance of 54 postlingually deafened adults wearing cochlear implants was uniformly evaluated. The participants had 9 months' or more experience with one of five different cochlear prostheses (Los Angeles Single Channel (N = 11), Vienna Single Channel (N = 4), Melbourne Multichannel (N = 18), Utah Multichannel (N = 19), San Francisco Multichannel (N = 2). The multichannel designs enabled participants to recognize more environmental sounds, provided more speech reading enhancement, and enabled most users to understand limited speech in the sound-only condition, compared to the single-channel implant group. PMID- 3172958 TI - Antimicrobial prophylaxis in ear surgery. AB - The purpose of this research was to assess the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic administration in ear surgery over a wide range of cases. Additional objectives include the assessment of the relative effect of patient age, duration of operation, preoperative condition, and the success of tympanoplasty. Prospectively, in a controlled study, 4,000 patients were studied employing cephalosporin and oxacillin as prophylactic antimicrobials. No statistically significant difference in postoperative otologic infection rates was observed. This conclusion was unaltered by the operative duration, patient age, or preoperative condition. Grafting success was not improved. PMID- 3172959 TI - Surgical treatment of pharyngoesophageal spasm. AB - The clinical course of 17 laryngectomees with pharyngoesophageal spasm who underwent pharyngeal myotomy was studied to determine clinical response and complications. The influence of speech therapy on the development of volitional control of pharyngoesophageal spasm, tracheoesophageal speech fluency, and the efficacy and complications of surgical treatment for pharyngoesophageal spasm were assessed. Volitional control of tracheoesophageal speech was never achieved. Ninety-four percent of the patients (16/17) were successfully rehabilitated following surgical therapy. The complications following pharyngeal myotomy were acceptable. PMID- 3172960 TI - Superficial extending carcinoma of the larynx. AB - Superficial extending carcinoma of the hypopharynx is a recently recognized form of carcinoma regarded as a possible pharyngeal counterpart to early gastric cancer and superficial esophageal carcinoma. In this study we report the radiological, clinical, and pathological features of three carcinomas of the larynx, which show architectural and histopathological features similar to those previously described in superficial extending carcinoma of the hypopharynx. These cases were singled out from a series of 37 consecutive laryngectomy specimens of primary infiltrating laryngeal carcinomas that were uniformly studied by means of a whole-organ sections technique. Pathologically, these cases showed a clearly invasive growth through the basal membrane into the lamina propria and an entire or predominant, extensive, superficial type of spread; infiltration of underlying muscle or gland structures was restricted to a few microscopic foci, regardless of the presence of lymph node metastases. The present study demonstrates that infiltrating carcinomas with a preferential superficial type of growth may also be encountered in the larynx. Differences between the histological features of these carcinomas of the larynx and the histopathological spectrum of so-called early laryngeal cancer are emphasized. PMID- 3172961 TI - The mandibular swing stabilization of the midline mandibular osteotomy. PMID- 3172962 TI - Sink-trap effect as a cause of failure in mastoidectomy. PMID- 3172963 TI - Functional and histological restitution in the urinary tract after Nd:YAG laser coagulation. AB - Current development in endourologic equipment has made possible the endoscopic application of the Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of urothelial tumors of the whole urinary tract. The clinical results are rather promising. We controlled with various methods the healing processes of 14 rabbit ureters after Nd:YAG laser treatment as to morphological repair and physiological function. The ureters were irradiated transrenally with an energy of 60 J coagulating all wall layers. Healing of the laser lesions nearly to normal in all animals was observed 4 to 6 weeks after treatment. The prevailing histological and physiological changes in the ureter are extremely slight and do not disturb the normal ureteral function. The results show the complete healing process of the ureter after laser coagulation and make the application of Nd:YAG laser in the upper urinary tract much more predictable. PMID- 3172964 TI - Infrared laser bone ablation. AB - The bone ablation characteristics of five infrared lasers, including three pulsed lasers (Nd:YAG, lambda = 1,064 micron; Hol:YSGG, lambda = 2.10 micron; and Erb:YAG, lambda = 2.94 micron) and two continuous-wave lasers (Nd:YAG, lambda = 1.064 micron; and CO2, lambda = 10.6 micron), were studied. All laser ablations were performed in vitro, using moist, freshly dissected calvarium of guinea pig skulls. Quantitative etch rates of the three pulsed lasers were calculated. Light microscopy of histologic sections of ablated bone revealed a zone of tissue damage of 10 to 15 micron adjacent to the lesion edge in the case of the pulsed Nd:YAG and the Erb:YAG lasers, from 20 to 90 micron zone of tissue damage for bone ablated by the Hol:YSGG laser, and 60 to 135 micron zone of tissue damage in the case of the two continuous-wave lasers. Possible mechanisms of bone ablation and tissue damage are discussed. PMID- 3172965 TI - Laser probe coagulation of bleeding canine ulcers. AB - A nonlight-transmitting contact laser probe was used to treat acutely bleeding gastric ulcers in heparinized dogs. Thirty-five treated ulcers responded with complete hemostasis following 21-92 seconds (mean, 32 seconds) application per ulcer. Ten control ulcers left untreated bled for 5-30 minutes (mean, 11 minutes). Hemostasis was maintained at treated sites for the entire observation period (60 minutes). Perforations did not occur, and there was no evidence of full thickness injury. Histological assessment confirmed a limited (0.2-0.5 mm) zone of coagulation injury. The laser probe is effective for control of acute bleeding in this canine ulcer model. PMID- 3172966 TI - Retinal thermal response to copper-vapor laser exposure. AB - A thermal model has been used for the interaction of an annular laser beam of a high-repetition-rate pulsed laser (copper-vapor laser) with the retina of a rabbit. The model predicts the temperature rise at each retinal point, during and after the laser exposure, as a function of pulse energy, exposure time, and pulse repetition rate. The retinal effects for each set of treatment parameters were estimated according to the predicted temperature rise and were found to be identical with our previous experimental results. The character of the interaction between the copper-vapor laser and the retina can be pretuned by the laser pulse repetition rate to fit the requirements of various treatments, permitting multiple uses of this laser for ophthalmic treatments. PMID- 3172967 TI - Effective outpatient treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma of the urethral meatus using the neodymium:YAG laser. AB - An unusual presentation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)--a case of Kaposi's sarcoma involving the glans penis and fossa navicularis--was treated palliatively with neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser photoablation. A single outpatient treatment removed the two lesions and restored the patient's ability to void normally. The Nd:YAG laser proved extremely useful, providing effective outpatient therapy with minimal morbidity and excellent local results. PMID- 3172968 TI - Laser stimulation of peripheral nerve: critical appraisal of reported results. PMID- 3172969 TI - Differential effects of short day pretreatment on melatonin-induced adjustments in Djungarian hamsters. AB - Djungarian hamsters which did not respond physiologically to short day conditions were injected daily with melatonin. Hamsters responded to this treatment with typical body weight alterations and molt. Therefore, we concluded that the lack of short day adjustments is not based on insensitivity to melatonin in this species. Pretreatment with short days affected the timing of melatonin-induced body weight loss and molt. Hamsters became refractory to melatonin injections earlier for both traits if pretreated with short days. Low body weight level was maintained for a shorter period of time, whereas duration of molt was not affected. These results might indicate differences in the control of melatonin induced body weight adjustments and molt. PMID- 3172970 TI - Silymarin-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ release. AB - The effect of silymarin on different functions of mitochondria isolated from rat kidneys was studied. Addition of silymarin to mitochondria oxidizing succinate, induced stimulation of the respiratory State 4; while in mitochondria oxidizing NAD-dependent substrates, the drug produced inhibition of the oxygen consumption. It is also shown that silymarin induces mitochondrial swelling, a drop in the transmembrane potential, as well as Ca2+ release. It is proposed that due to its hydrophobic character, silymarin produces an alteration in the lipidic milieu of the inner membrane which is conductive to an inhibition of the electron transport in the NAD-CoQ span of the respiratory chain, as well as to the loss of the energy dependent accumulated Ca2+. PMID- 3172971 TI - Hepatic glutathione content in patients with alcoholic and non alcoholic liver diseases. AB - Reduced and oxidized hepatic glutathione was evaluated during alcoholic and non alcoholic liver injury. We studied 35 chronic alcoholics, 20 patients with non alcoholic liver diseases, 15 control subjects. Hepatic glutathione was measured in liver biopsies and correlated with histology and laboratory tests. Alcoholic and non alcoholic patients exhibited a significant decrease of hepatic glutathione compared to control subjects (controls: 4.14 +/- 0.1 mumol/g liver; alcoholics: 2.55 +/- 0.1, p less than 0.001; non alcoholics 2.77 +/- 0.1, p less than 0.001). Oxidized glutathione was significantly higher in the two groups of patients compared to controls (controls: 4.4 +/- 0.2% of total; alcoholics 8.2 +/ 0.3, p less than 0.001; non alcoholics: 8.5 +/- 0.8, p less than 0.001). The decreased hepatic glutathione levels in patients with alcoholic and non alcoholic liver diseases may represent a contributing factor of liver injury and may enhance the risk of toxicity in these patients. PMID- 3172972 TI - Simultaneous pressure and 19F NMR pH measurements of smooth muscle cells of intact hog carotid arteries at rest and during contractions with norepinephrine. AB - Using 19F NMR we have measured the intracellular pH of the vascular smooth muscle cells of hog carotid arteries at rest and during contractions induced with norepinephrine. Experiments were performed on single, intact arteries closed at both ends, superfused from the lumen and loaded with the 19F NMR pH indicator alpha-difluoromethylalanine. At rest, luminal pressure was maintained at 100 +/- 2 mm Hg and intracellular pH was 7.12 +/- 0.04. Contractions elicited with 10(-5) M norepinephrine were associated with a pressure increase of 18 +/- 6 mm Hg and a decrease in pH of 0.04 +/- 0.02 units. PMID- 3172973 TI - Sympathoadrenomedullary hyper-responsiveness to yohimbine in juvenile spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - We examined responses of arterial plasma levels of the sympathetic neurotransmitter, norepinephrine (NE), of the adrenomedullary hormone, epinephrine (E), and of the intraneuronal NE metabolite, dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), after intravenous administration of the alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine, in conscious, freely-moving juvenile (4-week old) or mature (12-week old) rats with spontaneous hypertension (SHRs) and their normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) controls. Mature SHRs and WKY rats had similar levels of plasma catechols at rest, whereas juvenile SHRs had significantly higher levels of NE (400 +/- 109 (SD) vs 233 +/- 62 pg/ml), E (371 +/- 168 vs 148 +/- 67 pg/ml), and DHPG (800 +/- 147 vs 589 +/- 54 pg/ml). After yohimbine, average responses of NE in the juvenile SHRs were more than 5 times, of E more than 7 times, and of DHPG more than 11 times those of the juvenile WKY rats. The responses of plasma catechols to yohimbine were not excessive in mature 12-week old SHRs. The results demonstrate increased sympathoadrenomedullary activity at rest and markedly enhanced sympathoadrenomedullary responsiveness to yohimbine in juvenile but not mature SHRs and are consistent with the hypothesis that early in the development of hypertension in this laboratory animal model there is an abnormal dependence on central neural alpha-2 adrenoceptors as part of an incompletely successful compensatory mechanism for limiting sympathetic outflow. PMID- 3172974 TI - Characterization of 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium induced increased proenkephalin processing in bovine chromaffin cells. AB - Acute stimulation of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells in culture with 1,1-dimethyl 4-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP) gives rise to a significant increase in secretion of [Met5]-enkephalin immunoreactive material (ME-IRM) into the culture medium (1). Following this secretion the cellular ME-IRM levels do not decrease, suggesting the replenishment of the peptides. The repletion of the cellular ME-IRM appears to result from an increase in processing of large molecular weight peptides containing [Met5]-enkephalin and [Leu5]-enkephalin. Gel filtration chromatography on Bio-Gel P-10 was used to fractionate the enkephalin-like peptides (ELPs) present in the culture media and chromaffin cell extracts. Fractionation was done for samples before and after nicotinic receptor stimulation by DMPP to demonstrate the secretion and repletion of the ELPs. Gel chromatographic profiles of ELPs present in the culture media after DMPP stimulation revealed the presence of 4 peaks, representing different molecular forms of these peptides (Peaks 1-4), with a selective increase in secretion of Peaks 3 and 4. The chromatograms of ELPs extracted from cultured chromaffin cells showed similar patterns to those obtained from ELPs present in the culture medium after stimulation. Analyses of individual peaks after fractionation of cell culture extracts showed an increase in the amount of immunoreactive material found in Peak 4 with a concomitant decrease in the immunoreactivity found in the higher molecular weight peaks (Peaks 1-3). Further purification of Peak 4 from cell extracts on reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) showed a significant amount of ELPs existed as the sulfoxide derivative of [Met5]-enkephalin. The content of [Met5]-enkephalin sulfoxide (ME-O enk) did not decrease following DMPP stimulation. We conclude that acute stimulation of nicotinic receptors in the chromaffin cells enhances the processing of proenkephalin precursors to keep pace with the secretion of low molecular weight peptides. PMID- 3172975 TI - Human autoantibody to vasoactive intestinal peptide: increased incidence in muscular exercise. AB - Specific autoantibodies to vasoactive intestinal peptide were present in plasma from 29.6% healthy human subjects who habitually performed muscular exercise, compared to 2.3% healthy subjects who did not. Saturation analysis of VIP binding by the plasmas suggested the presence of 1 and 2 classes of autoantibodies in 5 and 3 high exercise subjects, respectively, distinguished by their equilibrium affinity constants (Ka). The mean Ka values for the high and low affinity autoantibody classes were, respectively, 1.3 x 10(8) M-1 and 0.8 x 10(7) M-1. These values are lower than the Ka range reported previously for tissue VIP receptors (G. Rosselin. Peptides 7, Suppl. 1, 89, 1986) but are larger than the inverse Michaelis constant (1/Km) for VIP-degrading proteases (T.N. Keltz, E. Straus, R.S. Yalow. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 92, 669, 1980). The autoantibodies may not interfere with VIP-receptor binding but are potential inhibitors of the proteolytic inactivation of VIP. PMID- 3172976 TI - Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactivity: reaction conditions and the role of iron, antioxidants and lipid peroxy radicals on the quantitation of plasma lipid peroxides. AB - The effects of Fe3+, lipid peroxy radicals and the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene on the 2-thiobarbituric (TBA) acid quantitation of plasma lipid peroxides were investigated. Whole plasma and plasma fractions prepared by trichloroacetic acid (TCA) protein precipitation and lipid extraction, demonstrated markedly differing TBA reactivities in the presence or absence of added Fe3+. Examination of the spectral profiles of the TBA reacted whole plasma and TCA precipitated fractions demonstrated the presence of interfering compounds which gave rise to an artifactual increase in lipid peroxide concentrations. In contrast the TBA reacted lipid extracts had low levels of interfering compounds that could be removed by our previously described high pressure liquid chromatographic method (Wade, Jackson and van Rij (1985) Biochem. Med. 33, 291 296). Further characterization of the TBA reactivity of the lipid extract showed that Fe3+ at an optimal concentration of 0.5 mM was necessary for the quantitative decomposition of the lipid peroxides to the TBA reactive product malondialdehyde (MDA). However the presence of Fe3+ resulted in further peroxidation of any unsaturated lipids present. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at an optimal concentration of 1.4 mM inhibited Fe3+ stimulated peroxidation without affecting the formation of the MDA-TBA chromogen. Using a standardized TBA test with plasma lipid extracts and the addition of optimal concentrations of Fe3+ and BHT, we have determined the mean concentration of lipid peroxides in 30 healthy human subjects to be 102.7 +/- 20.0 ngm/ml. PMID- 3172977 TI - The effects of maternal hyperphenylalaninemia on learning in mature rats. AB - Pregnant rats were given a diet supplemented with 0.5% alpha-methyl-phenylalanine and 3% phenylalanine from the 12th day of gestation to term. Compared to unsupplemented controls, maternal serum phenylalanine was elevated 8-10-fold. Experimental litters did not differ from controls in number of offspring, birth weight, or subsequent growth on an unsupplemented diet. At 8 weeks of age, animals were tested for latent learning on a 4-arm maze, and at 10 weeks, they were tested for observational learning with littermates in a food preference paradigm. In both tests, experimental animals did learn, but significantly less than controls. The data suggest that maternal hyperphenylalaninemia, induced as a model for the inborn error, phenylketonuria, can lead to learning deficits later in the lives of offspring. PMID- 3172978 TI - Basal acetylcholine release in freely moving rats detected by on-line trans striatal dialysis: pharmacological aspects. AB - The basal release of acetylcholine (without the use of an esterase inhibitor) from brain tissue was quantified by means of transversal striatal dialysis in freely moving rats, coupled on-line to an HPLC analysis system. Basal release of acetylcholine was shown to be fully calcium dependent and tetrodotoxin sensitive. A comparison between a U-shaped and a transversally localized dialysis probe was made and some important differences were noticed. The use of a transversal probe resulted in a 20 times higher recovery when compared with the U-shaped cannula. The effect of the cholinomimetic oxotremorine and the anticholinergic atropine on the basal acetylcholine output was determined. Atropine increased the output of acetylcholine, whereas oxotremorine induced a decrease in the output of the transmitter. Application of various degrees of esterase inhibition (by addition of neostigmine to the perfusion fluid) did not qualitatively interfere with the effects of oxotremorine or atropine on the release of acetylcholine. PMID- 3172979 TI - Presence of lorazepam in the blood plasma of drug free rats. AB - Lorazepam has been identified in the blood plasma of non-medicated rats by means of HPLC and gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. It was found to be present in about 1 ng per ml blood plasma. This pharmacologically highly active compound is the first dichlorinated benzodiazepine described to occur naturally in a tissue of mammals, not treated with benzodiazepines. PMID- 3172980 TI - Protein binding and stability of norepinephrine in human blood plasma. Involvement of prealbumin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and albumin. AB - The binding of norepinephrine (NE) to plasma proteins of fresh human blood obtained from healthy volunteers was studied by ultrafiltration at different NE concentrations and incubation times at 37 degrees C. At 1.7 nM L-[3H]-NE binding was approximately 25%. The binding was rapid and was not influenced by the incubation time. [3H]-NE could be dissociated from its binding sites by acid precipitation and, after HPLC, showed to be unchanged NE. No difference in NE binding was found between plasma collected in EGTA-GSH or heparin solution. There was no degradation of NE when incubated in plasma at 37 degrees C for 10 h, even without the addition of antioxidants. Therefore, in the present study, binding represented interaction of unchanged NE with plasma proteins. The whole plasma binding was saturable over the range of 0.66 nM to 0.59 mM of NE. Scatchard plot of specific binding revealed high-affinity sites with a Kd of 5.4 nM and a Bmax of 3.9 fmoles.mg-1 protein, and low-affinity sites with a Kd of 2.7 microM and a Bmax of 3.3 pmoles.mg-1 protein. Electrophoretic characterization of NE-binding proteins showed that about 60% of bound NE was associated to albumin, and 20% to prealbumin. NE binding to pure human plasma proteins was also studied using ultrafiltration. Scatchard analyses revealed a single class of very high-affinity binding sites for prealbumin (Kd 4.9 nM), a single class of binding sites for alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (Kd 54 microM) and two classes of binding sites for albumin with high (Kd 1.7 microM) and low (Kd 0.8 mM) affinities respectively. The main results obtained in this study - a) reversibility of NE binding, b) stability of free and bound NE in plasma, c) involvement of the prealbumin as a specific binding protein - point out to a specific transport for NE in human blood plasma. PMID- 3172981 TI - Effects of fenfluramine, m-chlorophenylpiperazine, and other serotonin-related agonists and antagonists on penile erections in nonhuman primates. AB - Fenfluramine, m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP), 1-phenylpiperazine, and the buspirone metabolite, 1-(2-pyrimidyl)piperazine given intravenously to adult rhesus monkeys regularly elicited penile erections. In contrast, serotonin (5-HT) agonists with 5-HT1A site specificity (8-OH-DPAT, buspirone) as well as trazodone, ritanserin, and metergoline were no different from saline in producing penile erections. Fenfluramine's effects were blocked by the 5-HT2 antagonists, ritanserin and metergoline, while m-CPP's effects were not blocked by the peripheral 5-HT antagonist, xylamidine, indicating that tumescence can be elicited by serotonergic agents which act at non-5-HT1A sites in the central nervous system. PMID- 3172982 TI - Saccharin exposure increases the potency and aversive property of naloxone in drug-naive rats. AB - In naive rats previously given saccharin (0.1%) as the only drinking fluid for 14 days, naloxone produced a conditioned taste aversion at a dose (0.09 mg/kg, SC) that had little or no effect in normal controls. The magnitude of this effect of the saccharin increased between 2 and 7 days after cessation of the treatment. Under these experimental conditions, evidence of an interaction between the saccharin exposure and a naloxone response was also seen with rectal temperature measurements. Therefore, in rats having no history of morphine, previous consumption of saccharin may potentiate various actions of naloxone including its aversive property. PMID- 3172983 TI - Chronic ethanol feeding inhibits plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-1. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether the generalized catabolic effects of chronic ethanol may be associated with a decline in plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a liquid diet containing 5% ethanol or pair-fed a diet made isocaloric with maltose dextrin. Animals were maintained on this diet for either 12 days or 4.5 months. Another group of animals were fed control diet ad libitum for 2 weeks. After 12 days of feeding, plasma concentrations of IGF-1 in ad libitum fed rats were 771 +/- 41 ng/ml which was greater than concentrations in either pair-fed (595 +/- 23 ng/ml) or ethanol-fed (680 +/- 40 ng/ml) rats (P less than 0.05). After 4.5 months of feeding, plasma levels of IGF-1 in ad libitum and pair-fed rats were similar to the 12 day study (736 +/- 56 and 607 +/- 26 ng/ml, respectively). However, a significant decrease in plasma levels of IGF-1 was observed in ethanol fed animals over the 4.5 month period (551 +/- 28 ng/ml, P less than 0.05). Results of a similar study in rats fed a high-fat diet for 4.5 months were similar to those found with the low-fat diet. These results indicate that 1) dietary restriction of the type routinely used in this pair-feeding regimen decreases plasma levels of IGF-1, 2) chronic ethanol feeding further decreases plasma IGF-1 levels compared to pair-fed rats, 3) the effects of ethanol on IGF-1 concentrations are not modified by dietary fat, and 4) the effects on IGF-1 are not directly dependent on elevated plasma ethanol concentrations. Our results suggest that IGF-1 secreting cells in the liver may be progressively damaged by chronic ethanol feeding. PMID- 3172984 TI - Purification and characterization of fatty acid-binding protein from human placenta. AB - Purification of a cytosolic fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) from developing human placenta has been achieved, and its role in modulating the inhibition of human placental glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) by palmitoyl-CoA (PAL CoA) has been studied. FABP was resolved into three peaks, viz. DE-I, DE-II and DE-III, by DEAE cellulose chromatography. DE-I was almost lipid-free. Presence of endogenous fatty acids in DE-II and DE-III was detected by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Fatty acids were the only detectable lipid component in these fractions. Gas liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis revealed that DE-II binds long chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids nonspecifically, whereas DE-III is mainly an arachidonic acid carrier. Each of these fractions, viz. DE-I, DE-II and DE-III, has a molecular weight of 14,200 Daltons. Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion studies have confirmed the immunochemical identity of these three fractions of placental FABP. Separation in ion exchanger may be due to their different isoelectric points and varied types of binding affinities. Human placental G6PD was inhibited 50% by 0.03 mM PAL-CoA. The DE-II fraction of FABP enhanced the activity of G6PD in the absence of added PAL-CoA and protected against PAL-CoA inhibition of the enzyme. Such a modulating effect of FABP in this inhibition is attributable to binding of long chain acyl-CoA rather than to a direct effect of FABP on the enzyme itself. PMID- 3172985 TI - Isolation and chemical composition of surface-active material from human lung lavage. AB - Surface-active material (SF) was isolated from human lung lavage fluid collected at autopsy employing differential and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The isolated material showed well-defined electron microscopic structure, consisting of clearly preserved, closely packed vesicles with limiting membranes and inclusion bodies. It showed a very high degree of alkaline phosphatase specific activity and was devoid of other subcellular contaminants. The isolated material also showed a high phospholipid/protein ratio and increasing surface activity when monitored at different stages of purification. It contained 68.5% phosphatidylcholine, 11.5% phosphatidylglycerol and relatively smaller amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and other individual phospholipid (PL) classes. In addition, cholesterol, unesterified fatty acids, triacylglycerols and other neutral lipids were found. Saturated fatty acids, particularly palmitic acid (16:0), predominated in the major PL fractions. However, various fatty acids of which oleic acid (18:1) constituted a large proportion also are present. Chemical analysis of the material showed that besides lipids and proteins, nucleic acids, sialic acid, hexose, amino sugars, nitrogen and phosphorus were present. The delipidated material showed the presence of three to four proteins as characterized by sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and gel permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-200 resolved two well-separated peaks. The first fraction contained serum-associated 68 kDa protein, while the second fraction had two apoproteins with molecular weights of 34 kDa and 10 kDa. These two proteins were associated with the SF and they, as well as the whole surface-active material, strongly reacted with the antibody directed against the whole SF in a double-diffusion immunoprecipitation assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3172986 TI - Promotion of iron-induced rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation by copper. AB - Although copper has been demonstrated to promote lipid peroxidation in a number of systems, the mechanisms involved have not been fully defined. In this study, the role of copper in modifying lipid peroxidation has been explored in rat hepatic microsomes. In an in vitro system containing reduced glutathione (GSH, 200 microM) and Tris buffer, pH 7.4, cupric sulfate (1-50 microM) potentiated lipid peroxidation induced by ferrous sulfate (10 microM) but was unable to elicit peroxidation in the absence of iron. Higher levels of cupric sulfate (100 microM or greater) were inhibitory. The nature as well as the extent of the peroxidative response of microsomes to cupric sulfate were dependent on glutathione levels in addition to those of iron. Cupric sulfate (100 microM) strongly potentiated ferrous ion-induced lipid peroxidation in the presence of 400-800 microM GSH, while it inhibited peroxidation at lower levels of GSH (0-200 microM) and did not affect ferrous ion-induced peroxidation with glutathione levels of 3-10 mM. The potentiating effect of copper on ferrous ion-induced lipid peroxidation was further explored by investigating: (1) potential GSH-mediated reduction of cupric ions; (2) potential copper/GSH-mediated reduction of ferric ions (formed by oxidation during incubation); and (3) possible promotion of propagation reactions by copper/GSH. Our results indicate that cupric ions are reduced by GSH and thus are converted from an inhibitor to an enhancer of iron induced lipid peroxidation. Cuprous ions appear to potentiate lipid peroxidation by reduction of ferric ions, rather than by promoting propagation reactions. Iron (in a specific Fe+2/Fe+3 ratio) is then an effective promoter of initiation reactions. PMID- 3172987 TI - Serum lipids in spontaneously hypertensive rats and Sprague-Dawley rats fed menhaden oil. AB - Dietary n-3 fatty acids, abundant in fish oil, exert a variety of effects that attenuate cardiovascular disease. In this study, we assessed the effect of fish oil (menhaden oil) on the serum lipid profile in hypertensive and normotensive rats. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) or Sprague-Dawley rats (SD) were fed either standard powdered diet (L-485), or L-485 + 5% menhaden oil (MO) or L-485 + 5% corn oil (CO) from weaning through eight months of age. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was periodically determined on SHR. Serum lipid profiles were performed at eight months on samples taken from the exposed hearts of anesthetized, fasted rats. SHR, compared with SD (diets combined) had significantly lower triacylglycerols (TG), higher cholesterol (CHOL), higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL CHOL), higher low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL CHOL), and a higher LDL:HDL ratio. Comparisons among diets (strains combined) revealed that rats fed MO had the lowest values for TG, CHOL, LDL and LDL:HDL; HDL did not vary with diet. SHR were less responsive to diet induced changes than were SD; no decrease in TG, LDL or LDL:HDL was observed in SHR, nor was degree of hypertension altered in SHR by the MO or CO diet. In summary, MO is more effective than CO in shifting the lipid profile of rats toward one that is less atherogenic. However, the SD rat is more susceptible to diet-induced lipid modification than is the SHR. PMID- 3172988 TI - Ascorbate-enhanced lipid peroxidation in photooxidized cell membranes: cholesterol product analysis as a probe of reaction mechanism. AB - Cholesterol was used as an in situ probe for studying mechanisms of lipid peroxidation in isolated erythrocyte membranes subjected to different prooxidant conditions. The membranes were labeled with [14C]cholesterol by exchange with prelabeled unilamellar liposomes and photosensitized with hematoporphyrin derivative. Irradiation with a dose of blue light resulted in thiobarbituric acid detectable lipid peroxidation that was increased markedly by subsequent dark incubation with 0.5-1.0 mM ascorbate (AH-). Ascorbate-stimulated lipid peroxidation was inhibited by EDTA, desferrioxamine (DOX) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), suggesting that the process is free radical in nature and catalyzed by membrane-bound iron. Thin layer chromatography and radiometric scanning of extracted lipids from photooxidized membranes revealed that the major oxidation product of cholesterol was the 5 alpha-hydroperoxide (5 alpha-OOH), a singlet oxygen adduct. Post-irradiation treatment with AH-/Fe(III) resulted in an almost-total disappearance of 5 alpha-OOH and the preponderance of free radical oxidation products, e.g. 7-ketocholesterol, the epimeric 7 alpha-/7 beta hydroperoxides (7 alpha-/7 beta-OOH) and their respective alcohols (7 alpha-/7 beta-OH). EDTA, DOX and BHT inhibited the formation of these products, while catalase and superoxide dismutase had no effect. These results are consistent with a mechanism involving 1-electron reduction of photogenerated hydroperoxides to oxyl radicals, which trigger bursts of free radical lipid peroxidation. Though generated in this system, partially reduced oxygen species, viz. superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical, appear to be relatively unimportant in the autoxidation process. PMID- 3172989 TI - Biopsy method for human adipose with vitamin E and lipid measurements. AB - An adaptation of the needle biopsy procedure of Beynen and Katan for human adipose tissue, which yields 2-10 mg adipose samples, is described and evaluated. Micromethods are presented for the analysis of alpha-tocopherol, cholesterol and fatty acids in each adipose specimen. The needle biopsy procedure, which uses a Vacutainer to create suction, is compared with a punch biopsy method. The needle biopsy is rapid (6 samples/hr), simple and unobjectionable to the subjects, and provides samples with reproducible ratios of cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol. Unlike the punch biopsy, the needle biopsy reliably obtains specimens with a lipid composition typical of adipocytes. The needle biopsy method is adaptable to nutritional studies of tocopherol and fatty acid metabolism in adipose, and to studies of hazardous compounds stored in adipose. The linoleic acid content of adipose from residents of the West Coast was found to be considerably higher than values reported earlier. The adipose fatty acid data indicate an increase in human adipose linoleate when compared with earlier reports and suggest a trend toward increasing linoleic acid in the American diet. PMID- 3172990 TI - Use of a fluorescent radiolabeled triacylglycerol as a substrate for lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase. AB - A fluorescent radiolabeled triacylglycerol has been synthesized by using a fluorescent fatty acid (pyrene decanoic acid) and a radiolabeled oleic acid. This analog of the natural substrate, 1(3)pyrene decanoic-2,3 (1,2)-dioleoyl-sn glycerol, has been tested as substrate for determining lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triacylglycerol lipase activities in post-heparin plasma. Optimal conditions for the determination of the two post-heparin plasma lipases were similar to those using radiolabeled triolein. Using this substrate, both post heparin lipases exhibited their characteristic properties (pH optimum and effect of inhibitors) and attacked external ester bonds (1 or 3) containing pyrene decanoic and oleic acids at a similar rate. PMID- 3172991 TI - A simplified approach to the analysis of subclasses of phospholipids: application to human platelets. AB - A procedure for the determination of the proportions of diacyl, alkenylacyl and alkylacyl subclasses of glycerophospholipids was developed. The procedure involves: (1) acid methanolysis of the phospholipid followed by Bligh/Dyer extraction of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) derived from acyl chain types, dimethylacetals (DMA) derived from alkenyl ether chain types, and lysoalkyl phosphatidic acids (lysoalkyl-PA) derived from alkyl ether chain types; and (2) subsequent acetolysis to convert the lysoalkyl-PA to monoalkyl glycerol diacetates (MAGD). GLC analysis and quantitation (using internal standard, 21:0 FAME) of FAME, DMA and MAGD allowed calculation of the proportions of the three molecular subclasses. The methanolysis/acetolysis procedure gave an overall mean phospholipid recovery of 95 +/- 3%. Analysis of the major phospholipids in four separate preparations of fresh resting human platelets by this procedure showed the following range of molecular subclasses: phosphatidylcholine (PC), 86-92 mol % diacyl, 6-10 mol % alkylacyl and 2-3 mol % alkenylacyl; and phosphatidylethanoline (PE), 39-60 mol % diacyl, 5-8 mol % alkylacyl and 34-55 mol % alkenylacyl. The results of these subclass analyses were in general agreement with those reported in the literature. PMID- 3172992 TI - Modification of the fatty acid composition of L1210 leukemia subcellular organelles. AB - We have examined the extent to which it is possible to modify the fatty acid composition of subcellular organelles of L1210 leukemia cells. A polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid, or a monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, were added to the culture media. After 48 hr, the cells were ruptured and the subcellular fractions isolated. Fatty acid analysis revealed that nuclei, mitochondria, plasma membranes and microsomes of the cells grown in media supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid contained increased amounts of polyenoic fatty acids compared with cells grown in oleic acid. We conclude that it is possible to experimentally modify the lipids of multiple intracellular structures of L1210 cells by the addition of fatty acids to the growth media. PMID- 3172993 TI - Enhanced survival to endotoxin in guinea pigs fed IV fish oil emulsion. AB - Improved survival to endotoxin has been demonstrated in rats pretreated with cyclooxygenase inhibitors or made essential fatty acid deficient, implying that excessive omega 6 fatty acids, possibly through their eicosanoid products, contribute to mortality. Following endotoxin administration, we also have shown improvement in survival with oral diets supplemented with fish oil. This study sought to explore whether parenteral fish oil ameliorates the adverse impact of endotoxin. Male Hartley-strain guinea pigs were obtained at a body weight of 500 g and fed a normal laboratory diet. Central venous lines through which the animals received either a 10% safflower oil emulsion (n = 11) or a 10% fish oil emulsion (n = 11) during two, 24-hr periods separated by two days were inserted. Two days after the second infusion, endotoxin (0.35 mg/100 g b.w.), was given intraperitoneally, and survival was noted. The animals received a total of 25.4 g of IV fat per kg b.w., including 5.3 g of eicosapentaenoic acid per kg b.w., for the fish oil group. From six hr after endotoxin through four days, there was better survival in the fish oil group (p less than .006). Final mortality showed 7/11 fish-fed vs 2/11 safflower-fed animals surviving. We conclude that the administration of parenteral fish oil, even for a brief time, can have a profound effect on subsequent survival to endotoxin. PMID- 3172994 TI - Evidence for loss of tritium from 3 beta-tritiated deoxycholic acid during enterohepatic cycling in man. AB - A double-label single-intubation isotope technique was assessed for studying deoxycholic acid metabolism by simultaneous IV administration of [3 beta 3H]deoxycholic acid and [24-14C]deoxycholic acid to five healthy subjects. The 3H/14C ratio in duodenal bile fell progressively in all subjects, the mean reduction on day four being 48.8%. When the same labeled bile acids were administered to three ileostomy subjects, again the ratio fell with a mean reduction of 44.4% on day four. This fall more likely was due to hepatic exchange of tritium for hydrogen, rather than to colonic bacterial oxidation. [3 beta 3H]Deoxycholic acid should not be used to study the kinetics and metabolism of deoxycholic acid. PMID- 3172995 TI - Virus transmission via fiberoptic endoscope: recommended disinfection. PMID- 3172996 TI - Carcinoma of the pancreas and periampullary area. Part III: Therapeutic approaches. PMID- 3172997 TI - The Maryland emergency medical services system: an update. PMID- 3172998 TI - Providing safe Med-Evac helicopter transport: Maryland's 18-year experience. PMID- 3172999 TI - Acute management of cervical spinal cord injury. PMID- 3173000 TI - The trauma anesthesiologist. PMID- 3173001 TI - Trauma nursing: past, present, and future. PMID- 3173002 TI - Infection control and emergency medical services: facts and myths. PMID- 3173003 TI - Hyperbaric medicine: what is it; how is it used? PMID- 3173004 TI - The evolution of injury prevention and surveillance at MIEMSS. PMID- 3173005 TI - Physician education in trauma: a comprehensive program. PMID- 3173006 TI - Psychotherapy: how scientific and effective is it? PMID- 3173007 TI - Revision of guidelines for high blood pressure management: JNC IV. Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. PMID- 3173008 TI - Rare tumors of the pancreas. PMID- 3173009 TI - Physician discipline: a continuing challenge. PMID- 3173010 TI - Trauma--another subspecialty in anesthesiology? PMID- 3173011 TI - Color as a tool for image comparison. PMID- 3173012 TI - Monochrome versus color for your video display. PMID- 3173013 TI - Response to "program panacea". PMID- 3173014 TI - Ethics in reviewing and consulting. PMID- 3173015 TI - Viewing computer color images for medical applications. PMID- 3173016 TI - Vendors should furnish data structures. PMID- 3173017 TI - Printers: the good, the bad, and the ugly. PMID- 3173019 TI - Identifying people and things in medical institutions. PMID- 3173018 TI - Electronic Drug Reference: a practice aid. PMID- 3173020 TI - Hospitalization and surgery. PMID- 3173021 TI - Confidentiality and a 'future' sadistic sex offender. PMID- 3173022 TI - Three crib deaths, a babyminder and probable infanticide. PMID- 3173023 TI - Inconsistency in dental evidence. PMID- 3173024 TI - Myocardial degeneration in chronic solvent abuse. PMID- 3173025 TI - 'Emotional abuse' referrals to a Scottish children's panel reporter over five years. PMID- 3173026 TI - New provisions for mentally disordered offenders: the use of sections 35, 36 and 38 in two regional secure units. PMID- 3173027 TI - Myocardial rupture after mitral valvular replacement. PMID- 3173028 TI - Electrocution by dielectric breakdown (arcing) from overhead high tension cables. PMID- 3173029 TI - Permission for performing an autopsy: the pitfalls under Islamic law. PMID- 3173030 TI - The effect of management regime on disruptive behaviour: an analysis within the British prison system. PMID- 3173031 TI - Suicide in southern Sri Lanka. PMID- 3173032 TI - Changing patterns of homicide in Yorkshire and Humberside. PMID- 3173033 TI - The religious and moral dilemmas posed by scientific developments in the field of genetics: a Catholic viewpoint. PMID- 3173034 TI - [Psychiatric expert testimony]. PMID- 3173035 TI - [Compromises and therapeutic bonds in brief psychotherapy]. PMID- 3173036 TI - [Beyond psychiatric consultation: report on institutional dynamics]. PMID- 3173037 TI - [Behind the psychosomatic question]. PMID- 3173038 TI - [A case of brief reactive psychosis as classified by DSM-III studied by the Rorschach and Behn-Rorschach tests]. PMID- 3173039 TI - [Amineptine abuse syndrome. Clinical and pharmacological considerations]. PMID- 3173040 TI - [Dynamics of sexuality and sex customs]. PMID- 3173041 TI - The work of walking: a calorimetric study. AB - Experiments were designed to test the traditional assumption that during level walking all of the energy from oxidation of fuel appears as heat and no work is done. Work is force expressed through distance, or energy transferred from a man to the environment, but not as heat. While wearing a suit calorimeter in a respiration chamber, five women and five men walked for 70 to 90 min on a level treadmill at 2.5, 4.6, and 6.7 km.h-1 and pedalled a cycle ergometer for 70 to 90 min against 53 and 92 W loads. They also walked with a weighted backpack and against a horizontal load. During cycling, energy from fuel matched heat loss plus the power measured by the ergometer. During walking, however, energy from fuel exceeded that which appeared as heat, meaning that work was done. The power increased with walking speed; values were 14, 29, and 63 W, which represented 11, 12, and 13% of the incremental cost of fuel above the resting level. Vertical and horizontal loads increased the fuel cost and heat loss of walking but did not alter the power output. This work energy did not re-appear as thermal energy during 18 h of recovery. The most likely explanation of the work done is in the inter-action between the foot and the ground, such as compressing the heel of the shoe and bending the sole. We conclude that work is done in level walking. PMID- 3173042 TI - Muscle hypertrophy in men and women. AB - It is widely believed that women experience less skeletal muscle hypertrophy consequent to heavy-resistance training than men. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis using both traditional indirect indicators as well as a direct measure of muscle size. Seven male experimental (ME), 8 female experimental (FE), and 7 control subjects were studied before and after a 16-wk weight training program, in which ME and FE trained 3 days.wk-1 at 70 to 90% of maximum voluntary contraction using exercise designed to produce hypertrophy of the upper arm and thigh. Strength increased significantly (P less than 0.05) in ME and FE, respectively, on elbow flexion (36.2 and 59.2%), elbow extension (32.6 and 41.7%), knee flexion (12.8 and 24.4%), and knee extension (28.8 and 33.9%) tests. Absolute changes were significantly greater in ME than FE in 2 of the 4 tests, whereas percentage changes were not significantly different. Substantial muscle hypertrophy occurred in the upper arms of both ME and FE as evidenced by significant increases in upper arm circumference (7.9 and 7.9%), bone-plus-muscle (B+M) cross-sectional area (CSA) estimated by anthropometry (17.5 and 20.4%), and muscle CSA determined from computed tomography scanning (15.9 and 22.8%). Changes by ME and FE were not significantly different, except for the absolute increase in estimated B+M CSA, which was significantly greater in ME (11.2 vs 7.4 cm2). No muscle hypertrophy occurred in the thigh of either ME and FE as evidenced by non significant changes in thigh circumference (1.7 and 2.3%), B+M CSA (4.9 and 6.1%), and muscle CSA (2.9 and 2.9%). Changes by ME and FE in body weight, fat free weight, and fat weight were not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3173043 TI - The effects of strength training in patients with selected neuromuscular disorders. AB - Five subjects with spinal muscular atrophy, limb-girdle or facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, were studied. Measurements pre- and post-training included: maximum isometric, dynamic and isokinetic strength, in single-arm curl and double leg press exercises; contractile properties of the elbow flexors; computerized tomography of the upper arms and thighs; muscle biopsies from the biceps brachii muscle of each arm in three subjects. Dynamic weight training was performed 3 times per week for 9 wk; exercises comprised unilateral arm curls (the contralateral arm acted as a control), and bilateral leg press. Strength increases in the trained arm were between 19 and 34%, and from -14 to +25% in the control arm; leg strength increased from 11 to 50%. Moreover, the pretraining maximum load could be lifted from 3 to 48 times in the trained limbs, and from 1 to 13 times in an untrained limb before fatigue. Contractile properties of the elbow flexors were unchanged with training, but pre-intervention, three subjects demonstrated incomplete motor unit activation. Most of the gains in strength were apparently due to a neural adaptation, rather than muscle hypertrophy. The tomograms and biopsy samples were inadequate to determine muscle, or muscle fiber areas with confidence; they did indicate however, no additional overt muscle structural damage. Strength training may be a potentially useful therapeutic option in the management of selected neuromuscular disorders. PMID- 3173044 TI - Menarche in athletes: the influence of genetics and prepubertal training. AB - It is unclear whether the later menarche observed in competitive athletes is due to genetic factors or environmental factors related to intense prepubertal training. In order to investigate the importance of these factors upon the age of menarche (AOM), 263 competitive swimmers and 71 women with no athletic experience were asked to complete questionnaires concerning general health and reproductive development. Based upon their responses, similar questionnaires were sent to the sisters of both groups. Complete data were obtained from 140 athlete/sister pairs and 43 control/sister pairs. Results indicate that the athletes were older at menarche than their sisters, the non-athletes, and the sisters of the non athletes (14.3 yr, 13.7 yr, 12.9 yr, and 13.0 yr, respectively). The sisters of the athletes were significantly older at menarche than the controls and their sisters, while the AOM of the non-athletic controls and their sisters did not differ. The interpretation of the data is complicated by the fact that the sisters of the athletes were likely to be athletes (75%), while those of the control group tended to be non-athletic (74%). The athletes differed from their sisters who trained prior to menarche (13.9 years) and from those who did not engage in prepubertal training (13.1 years). Controls did not differ from any of their sister groups, nor did they differ from the untrained sisters of athletes. In terms of the similarity of the AOM within the sister pairs, the athletes/sisters and controls/sisters were equally similar. Significant correlations were observed between athletes and their sisters who trained prior to menarche and controls and their sisters who did not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3173045 TI - Physical performance and physiological responses following 60 hours of sleep deprivation. AB - The effect of 60 h of sleep deprivation (SD) upon physical performance and physiological responses to exercise was examined in 11 male subjects. The experiment consisted of two conditions separated by at least 10 d. In the experimental condition (E) subjects remained awake for 60 h and in the control condition (C) the same subjects had 7 h of sleep per night. In both conditions subjects reported to the laboratory on the evening prior to d 1 and slept for 7 h. Physical performance testing was carried out on d 1 and again on d 3 after either two nights of sleep or two nights of SD. Results obtained on d 3 are expressed relative to d 1, the control day. Maximal isometric and isokinetic muscular strength and endurance of selected upper and lower body muscle groups, performance of the Wingate Anaerobic Power Test, simple reaction time, the blood lactate response to cycle exercise at 70% VO2max, and most of the cardiovascular and respiratory responses to treadmill running at 70% and 80% VO2max, were not significantly altered as a result of SD. These results suggest that sleep loss of up to 60 h will not impair the capability for physical work, a finding of considerable importance in sustained military operations which frequently involve the combination of both physical and mental tasks. PMID- 3173046 TI - Effect of opioid antagonism on esophageal temperature during exercise. AB - The effect of naloxone-induced endogenous opioid antagonism on core temperature control during exercise was studied in 8 competitive cyclists. Volume-matched infusions of placebo or 2 mg of naloxone were administered, in a randomized double-blind crossover fashion, prior to maximal graded cycle ergometer exercise testing. Esophageal (Tes), rectal (Tre) and oral (Tor) temperatures were measured before and after exercise, and Tes was continuously measured during exercise. Cardiorespiratory responses and maximal exercise duration were unaffected by naloxone. Naloxone did not significantly modify the Tes response or the highest Tre and Tor elicited by exercise testing. The rise in Tes (placebo: 2.2 +/- 0.4 degrees C; naloxone: 2.1 +/- 0.4 degrees C) and Tre (placebo: 1.1 +/- 0.2 degree C; naloxone: 0.9 +/- 0.4 degree C) was significant (p less than 0.001) with and without naloxone, whereas the rise in Tor was significant (p less than 0.05) with placebo (0.5 +/- 0.5 degree C) but not with naloxone (0 +/- 0.8 degree C, p greater than 0.5). These data indicate that although 2 mg of naloxone might alter heat exchange in the oral cavity during exercise, it does not modify the actual core temperature response. Therefore, insofar as this dosage of naloxone may be used to examine the functional role of opioid-mediated mechanisms, our findings are not tenable with the hypothesis that endogenous opioids play a role in maintenance of thermal homeostasis during exercise. PMID- 3173047 TI - Cardiovascular and thermal responses of triathlon performance. AB - Triathletes typically train each triathlon event separately. Therefore, to determine the cardiovascular and thermal differences between training and triathlon performance, nine male triathletes performed a simulated 75-min (40 km) control bike and a 40-min (10 km) control run at 70% of maximal oxygen uptake. Control data were compared to data derived from a simulated triathlon (0.8-km swim, 75-min bike, and 40-min run). Results demonstrated that prior swimming significantly decreased (P less than 0.05) triathlon cycling work output (191 +/- 4.2 to 159 +/- 7.6 W) producing mean differences (P less than 0.05) in oxygen uptake (3.18 +/- 0.1 to 3.01 +/- 0.11.min-1), ventilation (84.7 +/- 4 to 80.4 +/- 4.21.min-1), stroke volume (128 +/- 7.1 to 118 +/- 3.5 ml.min-1), cardiac output (20.7 +/- 1.2 to 18.9 +/- 0.8 l.min-1), mean arterial pressure (105 +/- 3.8 to 96 +/- 7.9 mm Hg) and rectal temperature (38.2 +/- 0.2 to 38.4 +/- 0.3 degrees C). Triathlon running, while performing identical control work output, elicited significant increases (P less than 0.05) in oxygen uptake (3.41 +/- 0.1 to 3.85 +/- 0.1 l.min-1), ventilation (91.3 +/- 3.3 to 104.2 +/- 2.8 l.min-1), heart rate (161 +/- 3.1 to 174 +/- 3.6 beats.min-1), arteriovenous oxygen difference (15.3 +/- 0.2 to 17.2 +/- 0.3 ml.100 ml-1) and rectal temperature (38.3 +/- 0.2 and 39.2 +/- 0.3 degrees C) with significantly lower (P less than 0.05) stroke volume (138 +/- 2.4 to 129 +/- 3.6 ml.min-1) and mean arterial pressure (102 +/- 11.2 to 89 +/- 5.5 mm Hg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3173048 TI - Contraction-induced potentiation of human motor unit discharge and surface EMG activity. AB - In quadrupeds, an electrically induced, moderate to high intensity brief muscle contraction potentiates autogenetic excitation and leads to enhanced recruitment and/or tonic firing frequency of alpha-motor neurons. To determine if similar adaptations occur in humans, single motor units (SMUs) and surface electromyographic activity (EMG) were recorded from the right biceps brachii before and immediately after a 5-s 25% or 50% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), while subjects held a handle (0-1% MVC) attached to a force transducer or maintained a 2% MVC for 30-60 s. Of 26 SMUs recorded, 15 increased, 4 decreased, and 7 showed no change in firing frequency (mean increase: 5 imp/s, P less than 0.01). Twelve SMUs had lower recruitment force thresholds after contraction. There was no significant treatment effect for the % MVC intensity. The postcontraction surface EMG power spectrum broadened, increased in amplitude, and contained a higher frequency component than the control contraction power spectrum. Changes in recruitment and/or frequency coding were reflected in the raw EMG records. Findings agree with previous reports in animals of contraction induced potentiation of subsequent submaximal muscle contractions. Such acute adaptations in spinal neuromuscular pathways would function to optimize force output to a submaximal range of neural input frequencies. PMID- 3173049 TI - The influence of construction strategies of sprung surfaces on deformation during vertical jumps. AB - The purpose of this paper is to assess the influence of variations in the construction of area-elastic surfaces on the local deformation of these surfaces during an actual movement of athletes. Area-elastic surfaces were systematically varied in construction to allow the discussion of the influence of: (a) the number; (b) the spacing of the sleepers; (c) the material of the lowest sleeper; (d) variations of the second layer; (e) variations of the top surface; and (f) addition of a special padding element between the first and second sleepers on maximum deformation. Deformation data were collected using high-speed film from a group of recreational athletes and a group of national team athletes (volleyball) performing a drop jump. The differences in maximum deformation between the various surfaces tested were about 100% from the lowest to the highest value for the recreational athletes and about 1,000% for the national team athletes. The differences in deformation were primarily influenced by the number of sleepers used and/or by construction elements which are close to the top of the surface (top layer, second layer, add rubber padding, number of sleepers). The one sleeper system consistently had the lowest values of maximum deformation. PMID- 3173050 TI - Mood disturbance following increased training in swimmers. AB - Twelve male swimmers were studied psychologically before, during, and after 10 d of increased training. Daily training distance was increased from 4,000 to 9,000 m.d-1, and intensity was maintained at 94% of VO2max. Three of the swimmers were unable to tolerate the increased training load, and they did the same distance at slower speeds. Swimmers completed the Profile of Mood States, a muscle soreness scale, and a 24-h history each morning prior to the first of two daily training sessions. Changes across days were evaluated statistically with a one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Significant (P less than 0.005) increases occurred in the ratings of exercise intensity, muscle soreness, depression, anger, fatigue, and global mood disturbance, along with a reduction in general sense of well being. Swimmers were classified as "responders" or "non-responders" on the basis of distress patterns using separate physiological and psychological criteria, and these classifications were performed in a double-blind setting. Close agreement (89%) was achieved between the psychometric and physiological judgments, and the physiological results appear in related papers. It is concluded that significant psychometric changes occur with an intense 10-d training regimen, and these alterations resemble those observed in swimmers exposed to increased training across several months. These findings underscore the potential utility of monitoring mood states in the prevention of staleness. PMID- 3173051 TI - Protein metabolism and exercise. PMID- 3173052 TI - Fetal heart measurement during maternal exercise-avoidance of artifact. PMID- 3173053 TI - Changes in lipids after weight training. PMID- 3173054 TI - Haldane transformation. PMID- 3173055 TI - Metabolic changes in human muscle denervation: topical 31P NMR spectroscopy studies. AB - Metabolic changes in human forearm flexor muscle following partial or complete denervation were studied using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In resting muscle, patients with electromyographically verified forearm flexor denervation had a lower ratio of PCr/Pi than healthy controls [4.76 +/- 2.50 (SD) versus 6.50 +/- 1.55 (SD); P less than 0.01] and a higher intracellular pH [7.09 +/- 0.06 versus 7.05 +/- 0.04 (SD); P less than 0.01]. These changes were more apparent when the diseased arm was compared to the contralateral healthy arm in patients with strictly unilateral denervation. Five patients with severe denervation had the lowest PCr/Pi ratio (1.94 +/- 0.70) and the highest pH (7.15 +/- 0.04). Four patients with intact innervation and disuse atrophy as a result of a forearm fracture did not exhibit these changes immediately following removal of the forearm cast. The findings show that denervation leads to a reduction in PCr/Pi within muscle and a rise in intracellular pH, and that these changes correlate with the degree of denervation and improve with recovery. 31P MRS may be useful to follow the course of denervation atrophy. PMID- 3173056 TI - Concurrent measurements of cerebral blood flow, sodium, lactate, and high-energy phosphate metabolism using 19F, 23Na, 1H, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - A new NMR technique for nondestructive, noninvasive, nonradioactive concurrent measurements of blood flow and several energy-dependent metabolites were applied to in situ cat brain during high cerebral blood flow states (seizures) and low flow states (carotid occlusion plus hemorrhagic shock). An inductively coupled, quadruple-tuned surface coil with a 50-ohm match at all relevant frequencies was used for both excitation and receiving. A broadband spectometer was used to measure the 31P spectrum (PCr, ATP, Pi, and pH), a water-suppressed 1H spectrum (lactate), 23Na, and 19F (blood flow via CHF3 washout). Each nucleus was excited at an independently determined rate. Sodium, with a short T1, was excited more frequently than phosphorus. The results qualitatively agreed with other techniques. Blood flow greatly increased during seizures with a 10% decrease in the Na signal, minimal lactate accumulation, no pH shift, and a change in the PCr to-Pi ratio from 3.4 to 1.7. During carotid occlusion plus hypotension blood flow, PCr and ATP decreased to less than 10% of baseline values. Changes in PCr and Pi preceded parallel changes in Na and ATP. These experiments demonstrated the feasibility of concurrent measurements of physiologically induced changes in high-energy phosphates, lactate, sodium, and blood flow from the same volume of brain, in a nondestructive manner using NMR spectroscopy. PMID- 3173057 TI - Quantitative estimation of lactate in the brain by 1H NMR. AB - 1H NMR was used to detect lactate accumulation in the intact gerbil brain postmortem. The lactate concentration was estimated from the spectra by comparison to signals from N-acetylaspartate, creatine + phosphocreatine, and water. The effects of T2, phase modulation, and solvent suppression were taken into account. The estimated concentrations were compared to determinations performed on the same brains after extraction. The lactate concentration estimated from the intact brain spectra was between 70 and 90% of the values determined in vitro, on the extracts, depending on the concentration standard used. If N-acetylaspartate was used as the standard then the proportion of detected lactate (92%) was not significantly different from 100%. PMID- 3173058 TI - Water proton NMR relaxation mechanisms in lung tissue. AB - The NMR relaxation times T'2, T2, and T1 were measured in isolated rat lungs as functions of external magnetic field B0, temperature, and lung inflation. The observed linear dependence on B0 of the tissue-induced free induction decay rate (T'2)-1 provides independent confirmation of the air/water interface model of the lung. Furthermore, measurements of the Larmor frequency dependence of T1 are consistent with a spin-lattice relaxation rate of the form 1/T1 = A omega -1/2 + B as expected for the case in which the relaxation arises from water-biopolymer cross-relaxation, which should be proportional to the surface area of the lung. This prediction was verified by observations of an approximately linear dependence of 1/T1 on transpulmonary pressure and thus on the lung surface area. PMID- 3173059 TI - MRI of extremities using perforated single-turn solenoids. AB - A class of single-turn solenoids that permits magnetic imaging of the extremities in horizontal bore magnets with improved coupling between the imaged anatomy and the rf section of the imager is described and demonstrated. These devices differ from more conventional designs primarily by the placement of one or more access holes in the side of the generally cylindrical resonant structure to permit extremity insertion. The image quality is excellent, rf efficiency and homogeneity are good, and signal-to-noise is high, permitting rapid acquisition of magnetic images with small fields of view. PMID- 3173060 TI - Analysis by the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence of the influence of P388 leukemia and of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) nephrotoxicity on water compartmentalization in kidneys and spleens of mice. AB - The multiexponential behavior of the decay curves obtained in vitro by a Carr Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequence from spleens and kidneys of mice is analyzed. The mice were inoculated with the acute lymphocytic P388 leukemic cells and treated with the anticancer drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), cis-Pt. Kidneys and spleens of control animals display four relaxation components. The two longest ones were assigned, in the kidneys, in decreasing order of their relaxation time value, to intracellular and extracellular water, respectively. In spleens, the reversed assignment resulted. The two shortest ones are assigned to different tightly bound hydration water compartments, the fastest relaxing one being more greatly influenced by the unobservable crystalline water. No significant systemic effect on the intra- and extracellular water relaxation times could be observed in the kidneys under P388 leukemia inoculation, despite an apparent increase in the intracellular water content. In contrast, drug administration results in the apparent decrease in or even disappearance of the extracellular water component, with an increase in both relaxation time and apparent fraction of the intracellular water. These effects correlate well with changes in the usual nephrotoxicity parameters and are explained in terms of the well-known cell damage in kidneys under cis-platinum administration. A systemic effect under P388 leukemia disease is observed for the spleen, resulting again in the disappearance of the extracellular water component. The latter is related to splenomegaly due to invasion of the organ by leukemic cells during disease development. PMID- 3173061 TI - Application of a T2-filtered COSY experiment to identify the origin of slowly relaxing species in normal and malignant tissue. AB - The 1H NMR spectrum of whole cells consists of many overlapping resonances which are difficult to resolve into individual components. We have developed a modification of the COSY pulse sequence which filters out resonances on the basis of their T2 relaxation rate. When applied to malignant cells, this technique has helped to identify fucose as the origin of the slowly relaxing species associated with their metastatic capacity. The technique can also be used to obtain T2 relaxation rates for individual resonances in a broad envelope of lines. PMID- 3173062 TI - Considerations of magnetic resonance angiography by selective inversion recovery. AB - In the selective inversion recovery method for projection angiography, upstream blood is tagged by an inversion excitation and then allowed to flow into the imaged region. The subtraction of this first image from a second image acquired without the tagging leaves a signal from only the selectively tagged blood. Pulse sequence design involves consideration of the duration of the blood transit interval, excitation timing and cardiac gating, static material suppression, inversion excitation pulses, and flow compensation. Each of these considerations must be viewed with respect to the particular application. The method has demonstrated potential application to areas such as the carotid arteries, aortic arch, and peripheral vessels. PMID- 3173063 TI - MR fluoroscopy: technical feasibility. AB - A method of magnetic resonance image acquisition and reconstruction is described in which high imaging rates and fast reconstruction times are allowed. The acquisition is a modification of the basic FLASH sequence but with a restricted number N of phase encodings. The encodings are applied sequentially, periodically, and continuously. Images are formed by sliding a window of width N encodings along the acquired data and reconstructing an image for each position of the window. In general the acquisition time per image exceeds the time between successive images, and the method thus has a temporal lag. Experimental studies were performed with a dynamic phantom using 48 phase encodings and a TR of 20 ms, for an image acquisition time of about 1 s. The image display rate in the reconstructed sequence was 12.5 images/s, and the image sequence portrayed the motion of the phantom. Additional studies were done with 24 encodings. It is shown how the sliding window technique lends itself to high-speed reconstruction, with each newly acquired echo used to quickly update the image on display. The combination of the acquisition technique described and a hardware implementation of the reconstruction algorithm can result in realtime MR image acquisition and reconstruction. PMID- 3173064 TI - Rapid 31P spectroscopy on a 4-T whole-body system. AB - Initial 31P spectroscopy results from a 4-T whole-body system are reported. Localized spectra from the human head, liver, and calf were obtained using DRESS, slice-interleaved DRESS, and volume 3DFT spectroscopic imaging techniques. Substantial reductions in data acquisition times to 10 s-4 min were achieved relative to previous similar experiments at 1.5 T. Some gain in spectral resolution (as measured in ppm) was also realized in the head. PMID- 3173065 TI - Snapshot head imaging at 0.5 T using the echo planar technique. AB - The echo planar imaging (EPI) method and related variants of this technique can produce complete two-dimensional images from the data collected in a single experiment lasting a fraction of a second. EPI methods are used at 0.5 T to produce snapshot images of the human head with a spatial resolution of less than 2 mm. PMID- 3173066 TI - Pulse sequence and parameter choice in NMR imaging as a problem of constrained multidimensional nonlinear optimization. AB - The advantage of the multiparametric nature of NMR imaging is connected with the problem of finding optimum pulse sequences and sequence parameters, which ensure a high contrast-to-noise ratio. For a given imaging task with m (m greater than or equal to 2) regions characterized by sets of NMR parameters (e.g., rho, T1, T2) two functions are proposed, which can be used to transform the search for an optimum pulse sequence into a problem of constrained multidimensional nonlinear optimization. The numerical algorithm is described and the results of two examples are presented and discussed. A short description of useful extensions of the proposed optimization approach, which are currently implemented, is given. PMID- 3173067 TI - Deuterium NMR cerebral imaging in situ. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of deuterium is demonstrated in cat brain in vivo and in situ at 4.7 T magnetic field strength. Images were acquired at 4-5% deuterium enrichment, using D2O as a nuclear spin label, with as little as 10-s time resolution. This suggests the potential application of D2O as an exogenous MRI label for quantitative flow imaging or contrast enhancement. The efficient quadrupolar relaxation mechanism of the deuterium nuclide results in a short ca. 250 ms spin-lattice relaxation time (T1). This allows for rapid signal averaging, thus increasing signal-to-noise in the deuterium image. Additionally, three widely dispersed deuterium spin-spin relaxation times (T2) are observed of ca. 10, 40, and 400 ms which provide high compartmental image contrast, thus yielding information of physiological as well as anatomical interest. T2-weighted deuterium cerebral images are presented showing marked tissue relaxation discrimination. PMID- 3173068 TI - Relaxometry of calf lens homogenates, including cross-relaxation by crystallin NH groups. AB - We studied the magnetic field dependence of the longitudinal relaxation rates of water protons (1/T1 nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) profiles) in transparent homogenates of calf lens. The samples included nuclear homogenates with total (heterogeneous) crystallin contents between 34% (v/v) (native) and 14% (diluted) as well as cortical homogenate, 21% (native) and 34% (concentrated). The NMRD profiles had two components: a monotonic dispersive component (analogous to that of both globular protein solutions and diamagnetic tissue) and "14N quadrupolar peaks." 14N peaks have never been reported for protein solutions, only for tissues and dehydrated proteins. These peaks occur between 0.5 and 5 MHz proton Larmor frequency and arise from interactions of solvent water protons with NH moieties of proteins. The 14N peaks in lens cytoplasm are very large and may correlate with the crystallin structure and interactions required to maintain short-range order and lens transparency. The monotonic and 14N quadrupolar components were largest in concentrated samples, but with different concentration dependencies. The dispersive components of samples above approximately 19% protein concentration had a fixed functional form, the amplitude of which varied with protein volume fraction, f, by the multiplicative factor f/(1 - f), suggesting spatial organization and dynamics of the solute proteins that are relatively independent of water content. In contrast, at concentrations less than 19%, the NMRD profiles are concentration dependent, indicating a dependence of the orientational relaxation time of the proteins on protein-protein interactions seen previously in other globular proteins at these concentrations. The 14N peaks are not resolved below approximately 19% protein and increase linearly with incremental volume fraction at protein concentrations above 19%. In addition, the 14N peaks in nuclear homogenates are 50-100% larger than those of cortical homogenates at the same concentrations. Partial substitution of solvent D2O for H2O decreases the peak heights, indicating that an exchangeable proton mediates the interaction between solvent protons and protein 14N nuclei. PMID- 3173069 TI - 31P and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of acute alcohol cardiac depression in rats. AB - Cardiac depression in the isolated rat heart perfused with 4% ethanol was correlated with intracellular phosphate energetics and tissue water distributions. Energy metabolites were assessed using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and correlated to the mitochondrial redox state using epicardial surface fluorometry. Changes in myocardial water compartmentation were measured by using 1H NMR spectroscopy with an extracellular chemical-shift reagent (DyTTHA) and correlated to results of 2D echocardiography (2DE). During alcohol perfusion there was a significant decrease in developed pressure and in coronary flow. No change was seen in ATP, PCr, pHi, Pi, or NADH. After withdrawal of alcohol from the perfusate cardiac function reverted to control values without a depletion of energy levels. During alcohol perfusion 1H MRS showed a marked redistribution of water from the intra- to the extracellular space, corresponding to a 35% left ventricular wall thinning confirmed by 2DE. The results indicate that acute alcohol cardiac depression is related to a dehydration of myocardial cells, but is not associated with intracellular acidosis or energy depletion. PMID- 3173070 TI - Integrated volume-selective/spectral editing 1H NMR and postdetection signal processing for the sensitive determination of lactate. AB - A new volume selection/spectral editing pulse sequence (VOSING) is presented. The features specific to the technique are that the volume selection and the editing intervals coincide and that no decoupling is necessary. The pulse sequence can be applied under both homo- and heteronuclear conditions. Phantom experiments with lactate solutions and human serum led to water suppression factors of about 20,000. A postdetection signal processing method has been implemented. The final sensitivity for lactate determinations could thus be improved by a factor of more than 4. Ischemia-induced lactate could easily be detected in serum. At present, the lower detection limit of lactate is 1 mmol/liter for a (1.2 cm)3 voxel and 32 scans in a 4.7-T/40-cm magnet. PMID- 3173071 TI - Reactive hyperemia monitored on rat muscle using perfluorocarbons and 19F NMR. AB - Perfluorinated blood substitutes can be detected by 19F NMR in vivo in small concentrations. Reactive hyperemia was induced in rat leg by the transient application of a tourniquet, causing a 50% increase in 19F NMR signal. These results show that this method can be used to monitor the kinetics of tissue perfusion. PMID- 3173072 TI - Suppression of radiofrequency interference in cardiac gated MRI: a simple design. AB - A simple design is proposed to suppress the noise pickup in the ECG leads from RF and gradient pulses during NMR imaging. The ECG signal is passed through a low pass filter and a common-mode-rejection amplifier to reduce erroneous signal generated by the electrical ground loops. The output is gated through a CMOS switch to blank the preamplifier from the NMR during data acquisition. PMID- 3173073 TI - Gadolinium-labeled liposomes containing paramagnetic amphipathic agents: targeted MRI contrast agents for the liver. AB - Unique paramagnetic liposomal contrast agents were synthesized and utilized for selective augmentation of T1 MR imaging of the livers of normal Balb/c mice. Amphipathic gadolinium complexes, which mimic phospholipids, were incorporated into the lamella of small unilamellar liposomes (SUV) such that they became an integral part of its surface. T1 signal enhancement of normal liver approached 150% after iv administration of the paramagnetic liposomes, determined by experiments performed on a 1.9-T, experimental whole-body MRI unit. Tracer studies utilizing gadolinium-153-tagged SUV revealed that the agents exhibited excellent in vivo stability, compared to liposomal preparations in which paramagnetic agents are simply entrapped in the aqueous core of the liposome vesicle. PMID- 3173074 TI - Magnetic resonance angiography by selective inversion recovery using a compact gradient echo sequence. AB - We have studied a pulse sequence using compact imaging gradients for MR angiography by selective inversion recovery. By acquiring signals approaching a half-echo, we achieve significant immunity to artifacts from flow-induced dephasing. Initial clinical results on carotid arteries accurately depict stenoses without the problems of signal dephasing. PMID- 3173075 TI - Axonal regeneration through peripheral nerve grafts: the effect of proximo-distal orientation. AB - Peripheral nerve transplants are used for the surgical repair of nerve loss. If normally oriented grafts contain branches, regenerating axons may be lost into them, limiting re-innervation and restoration of function in the denervated area. Since axons entering a reversed graft may not be lost in this way, we have investigated whether reverse implantation could enhance the number of axons that reach the distal stump. In young adult rats, a section of sciatic nerve, including one major branch, was removed and reinserted with either the normal or reversed proximo-distal orientation, using microsurgical techniques. After signs of recovery of function, the operated and contralateral unoperated nerves of each animal were fixed and processed for electron microscopy. Regenerated axons were seen to enter branches in normally orientated grafts, and there was substantial loss in the cross-sectional area of the graft distal to the branch termination. Reverse grafts are as well reinnervated by regenerating axons as normally oriented grafts and show a smaller loss in the cross-sectional area, even though the branches of these implants seemed to disappear. PMID- 3173076 TI - The role of microvascular surgery in head and neck reconstruction. PMID- 3173077 TI - Microvascular reconstruction of the pharyngoesophagus with free jejunal graft. AB - Free jejunal graft reconstruction of the pharyngoesophagus has become reliable one-stage technique, but the microsurgeon must be aware of numerous pitfalls. Forty-two patients were retrospectively reviewed. There were four graft failures for a success rate of 90.5%. When harvesting the graft the thick fatty mesentery may make dissection difficult, and injuries to the mesenteric artery and vein can occur. Neck preparation can be tedious because of previous radiation, and size discrepancies with the carotid branches and the mesenteric artery are seen. Intimal dissection of the mesenteric artery can present as an isolated flap or a circumferential "rosette," despite the most careful preparation of the vessels; and great care must be taken in the microvascular anastomosis. The end-to-end arterial anastomosis to a branch of the external carotid and an end-to-side venous anastomosis to the internal jugular were preferred. Vein grafts are occasionally necessary. PMID- 3173078 TI - Immediate microvascular reconstruction of combined palatal and midfacial defects using soft tissue only. AB - Maxillary and midface defects with or without orbital involvement are disfiguring and disabling problems especially in the elderly cancer patient. Often, palatal prostheses are required to enable speech and swallowing. Elderly patients or those with compromised vision often find these appliances cumbersome and difficult to manage. To help obviate these problems a one-stage method of immediate palatal reconstruction was needed to obturate the palate and restore facial contour. Over the past 18 months six patients have undergone immediate reconstruction of complex, composite defects of the maxillary and midface structures after tumor extirpation, three of which extended into the orbit. The latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap was utilized because of its bulk, reliable anatomy, ample pedicle length and diameter, and minimal donor site morbidity. No flap loss, suture line dehiscence, or infection occurred. All patients were capable of deglutition and intelligible speech. This technique is a one-stage reconstruction of the palate and accompanying defects of the midface and maxilla that obviates the need for cumbersome palatal appliances. PMID- 3173079 TI - Thin cutaneous flap for intra oral reconstruction: the dorsalis pedis free flap revisited. AB - The dorsalis pedis flap provides thin, hairless tissue for a variety of intra oral defects. Due to concerns for the donor site, reconstructive surgeons have largely overlooked this flap, despite its numerous desirable qualities. The paper focuses on the anatomy of the first dorsal metatarsal artery and techniques which insure the preservation of adequate flap vascularity. The prevention of donor site complications centers around meticulous attention to the placement of skin grafts, with a secure tie-over dressing and the use of a posterior splint. Patients are allowed to ambulate in the early postoperative period only when venous compression is provided with an ace bandage. Vigorous attention to detail on reconstructing the foot has minimized donor site complications. The dorsalis pedis flap continues to be an important method of reconstruction in our armamentarium of free tissue donor sites. PMID- 3173080 TI - Mandibular reconstruction in the young adult using free vascularized iliac crest. AB - Five young adults between the ages of 16 and 27 years underwent mandibular reconstruction with free vascularized iliac crest bone grafts based on the deep circumflex iliac artery. These were the only patients under age 30 years in a series of over 60 patients undergoing this procedure. In all cases, the ipsilateral crest was employed, and special efforts were made to minimize bony bulk by removing the outer cortex and carefully shaping the graft. The bone graft underwent final trimming in situ, the exact dimensions being reproduced from measurements taken from the excised specimen. When bone alone requires replacement, as in the majority of young patients, an excellent functional result can be anticipated. Occlusion can be maintained or even restored, and the normal facial contour can be re-established. Osteointegrated implants hold out the possibility of providing full dental rehabilitation in an age group in which anything less is considered failure. Furthermore, the donor site scar can be hidden by a bathing suit. It is concluded that this form of reconstruction is particularly suitable for the young adult, in whom cosmesis, function, donor site, and freedom from long-term complications are of supreme importance. PMID- 3173081 TI - Microvascular approaches to nasal reconstruction. AB - In summary, the use of free tissue transfers for nasal reconstruction offers a wide variety of tissues that provide cutaneous coverage, underlying support, and nasal lining. Obtaining the final aesthetic result frequently requires defatting and other touch-up procedures, which usually can be done under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis. PMID- 3173082 TI - Reconstruction of complex cranial and craniofacial defects utilizing iliac crest internal oblique microsurgical free flap. AB - Reconstruction of complex cranial and craniofacial defects was accomplished in three patients. The defects were secondary to osteomyelitis, irradiation and infection, and failed reconstruction by alloplastic material. Defects averaged 11.5 x 12.5 cm in diameter. The iliac crest-internal oblique microsurgical free flap was used in reconstruction of these defects in combination with split rib bone grafts. Satisfactory restoration of contour and continuity of the cranium was achieved in all patients with minimal donor-site morbidity. We introduce this method for reconstruction of complex cranial and craniofacial defects as a new concept in reconstruction. The results of our experience, although limited, have proven its validity. The muscle portion of the flap enhances the survival of the nonvascularized rib grafts and their contouring effect. PMID- 3173083 TI - Induction of experimental aneurysms on the rat common carotid artery using a microsurgical CO2 laser. AB - Aneurysms were produced on the common carotid artery of rats by milliwatt CO2 laser welding of an adventitia patch over a hole. Sixty-nine animals were operated on. Aneurysms were present in 35 animals (51%), 7 of which ruptured spontaneously. The time to aneurysm formation was 1 week or longer. The adventitia patch aneurysm model has features (reliability, minimal vessel manipulation, histology similar to human berry aneurysm, and spontaneous bleeding tendency) that make it theoretically suitable for the induction of intracranial aneurysms in experimental animals. The microsurgical skills required to create and dissect the aneurysm make our experimental aneurysm useful as a teaching model in the development of microneurovascular surgery skills. PMID- 3173084 TI - Experimental microvascular autogenous vein grafts for arterial defects: II. A histopathologic study of the grafts. AB - Twelve autogenous vein grafts, of average diameter 1.5 mm, which had been used to bridge defects in the contralateral femoral artery of adult rabbits by a minimally traumatic technique, were examined over a 12-week postoperative period. Each graft remained widely patent but showed fibroelastic intimal thickening with time. Further evidence of arterialisation was the development of a prominent subintimal layer of smooth muscle. Also noted was the presence of medial fibrosis, with both calcification and ossification. This latter is suggestive of damage due to disruption of the vasa vasorum. It would appear that arterialisation of microvascular vein grafts occurs independently of surgical trauma and is therefore difficult to avoid. However, these pathologic changes were not as severe, nor was there as much luminal narrowing, as at the previously described anastomotic sites. The most important cause of these changes appears to be arterial pressure. PMID- 3173085 TI - Re-endothelialization stages at the microvascular anastomosis. AB - After microsurgical suturing, the wound healing process at the rat femoral artery anastomosis was studied with scanning electron microscopy. The re endothelialization was divided into four successive stages, based on the development of a fibrin network and the rate of endothelial regrowth. Within 5 minutes of blood flow re-establishment the fibrin network formation started to cover the wound surface; it was completed by the 3rd or 4th day. The endothelial recovery started on the 2nd day and continued to the base of the suture by the 6th day. Re-endothelialization from the wound edge, which was formed between intact and injured endothelium toward the suture-restrained site, was a two-fold process: initially, a single endothelial film covered the anastomosis site, then, the singled endothelial sheet proliferated and thickened to complete the endothelialization. A better understanding of the stages involved in microvascular repair is beneficial in evaluating vascular recovery and its relationship to patency rates in microvascular surgery. PMID- 3173086 TI - Wandering nerve graft technique for management of the recalcitrant painful neuroma in the hand: a case report. AB - A new technique for the management of the painful neuroma following ray amputation of the index finger is reported. The rationale behind this operative procedure, which is based on both clinical and experimental work, is outlined. The patients' follow-up to 4 years postoperatively is presented. PMID- 3173087 TI - Critical influence of particular experiences in the perception of letters, words, and phrases. PMID- 3173088 TI - Components of Stroop-like interference in picture naming. PMID- 3173089 TI - Long-term memory for pictures under conditions of thematically related foils. PMID- 3173090 TI - Effects of concreteness and semantic relatedness on composite imagery ratings and cued recall. PMID- 3173091 TI - Memorial psychophysics for visual area: the effect of retention interval. PMID- 3173092 TI - Recognition memory of spatial location information: another failure to support automaticity. PMID- 3173093 TI - Recognition failures and free-recall failures: implications for the relation between recall and recognition. PMID- 3173094 TI - Metamemory for words and enacted instructions: predicting which items will be recalled. PMID- 3173095 TI - Telescoping in dating naturally occurring events. PMID- 3173096 TI - Attentional strategies for studying scientific texts. PMID- 3173097 TI - Set-size effects in primary memory: an age-related capacity limitation? PMID- 3173098 TI - Specialty mental health organizations, United States, 1985. PMID- 3173099 TI - Symposium on aging and mental retardation. PMID- 3173100 TI - Structure and patterns of service utilization by elderly persons with mental retardation. PMID- 3173101 TI - Development of services for elderly persons with mental retardation in a rural state. PMID- 3173102 TI - Older caregivers of adults with mental retardation: service utilization. PMID- 3173103 TI - Informal support networks among aging persons with mental retardation: a pilot study. PMID- 3173104 TI - Permanency planning among black and white family caregivers of older adults with mental retardation. PMID- 3173105 TI - Functional characteristics of elderly persons with mental retardation in community settings and nursing homes. PMID- 3173106 TI - Salient domains in the self-conception of adults with mental retardation. PMID- 3173108 TI - Correlation coefficient r = 0.51, P less than 0.05 as proof of a negative correlation. PMID- 3173107 TI - AAMR legislative and social goals: 1988-1989. PMID- 3173109 TI - Prediction of steady-state oxygen consumption during norepinephrine infusions in humans. AB - A method for predicting maximal oxygen consumption during norepinephrine infusion is described. Using the initial response and enzyme kinetics, predicted values of maximal oxygen consumption were compared with observed values and a coefficient of variation of 1.4% was obtained. This method is of use in situations where it may not be possible to achieve steady-state conditions, especially with high doses of norepinephrine, and it permits comparison of maximal oxygen consumption between groups. PMID- 3173110 TI - Effects of catecholamines on serum lipoproteins of normally fed and cholesterol fed rabbits. AB - The effects of catecholamines on the regulation of lipoprotein metabolism have not been defined. We examined the effects of subcutaneously administered slow release preparations of norepinephrine (2 mg/kg) and isoproterenol (0.2 mg/kg) on the serum lipoproteins of New Zealand White rabbits. Drugs or control suspension were administered daily to three groups of normally fed and three groups of cholesterol-fed rabbits, and lipoprotein analysis was performed at intervals over a 60-hour period. In the normally fed animals, norepinephrine increased the serum levels of triglyceride and phospholipid by factors of 2.4 (P less than .01) and 1.35 (P less than .05), respectively, compared with control animals at 60 hours, but had no effect on serum cholesterol. All components of serum very low density lipoproteins (VLDL: triglyceride, cholesterol, phospholipid, and protein) were significantly (P less than .01) elevated by norepinephrine in the normally fed animals. In the cholesterol-fed animals, norepinephrine at 60 hours significantly increased total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid concentrations by factors of 1.7 (P less than .05), 5.0 (P less than .01), and 1.6 (P less than .05), respectively, compared with controls. The norepinephrine effects in these animals was due to significant elevation of total VLDL and low density lipoproteins (LDL) and all their elemental components. Isoproterenol produced no significant effect on serum lipoprotein levels in the normally fed rabbit, but in cholesterol-fed animals it produced a rise in total serum VLDL and LDL triglyceride concentrations compared with controls at 60 hours. These data demonstrate that catecholamines are involved in the regulation of lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 3173111 TI - Impaired fibrinolytic response to exercise in type II diabetes: effects of exercise and physical training. AB - We studied the effects of exercise and physical training on coagulation parameters and fibrinolytic activity in 16 sedentary non-insulin-dependent diabetics and nine control subjects matched for prior physical activity. Parameters were measured at rest and after 30 minutes of bicycle exercise at 70% to 75% of maximal oxygen uptake before and after 6 weeks of thrice-weekly physical training. In the untrained state, fibrinolytic activity was impaired in diabetics compared with controls (1.26 +/- 0.19 v 2.20 +/- 0.34 U; P less than .03), and resting levels of plasma fibrinogen (329 +/- 21 v 266 +/- 17 mg/dL; P less than .01) and the prothrombin time (PT) maximal velocity (Vmax) (4.9 +/- 0.5 v 2.9 +/- 0.5; P less than .05) were increased. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) Vmax was also increased but this did not reach statistical significance (3.6 +/- 0.2 v 2.3 +/- 0.5; P less than 0.10). Activation of fibrinolysis occurred following exercise in both groups but the peak activity and increment were less in diabetics. Physical training for 6 weeks had no effect on plasma fibrinogen levels but significantly improved the resting and postexercise APTT Vmax and resting fibrinolytic activity in diabetics. The exercise-induced increment in fibrinolytic activity following training remained depressed compared with normal controls. The changes in APTT Vmax correlated with changes in the indices of blood glucose control. The relevance of these findings to possible antiatherogenic effects of exercise and the mechanism by which exercise produces these effects remain to be established. PMID- 3173112 TI - Weight loss leads to a marked decrease in nonresting energy expenditure in ambulatory human subjects. AB - The extent to which the resting and nonresting components of 24-hour energy expenditure decrease after weight reduction has not been prospectively assessed in ambulatory, weight-stable, reduced-obese humans. Accordingly, 24-hour energy expenditure was estimated as the weight-stabilizing (+/- 50 g/d) daily caloric intake of a defined liquid diet in a cross-sectional study of ten reduced-obese subjects after a 23.2% +/- 9.4% weight loss and 18 obese subjects at baseline weight. A regression analysis demonstrated an 18% decrease in the mean daily energy requirement of the reduced-obese subjects compared with that of subjects of the same relative body weight who had never dieted. Strong linear relationships were noted between estimated 24-hour energy expenditure and fat free mass (FFM), and between resting metabolic rate (RMR) and FFM in the subjects at baseline weight. In six reduced-obese men, the 24-hour energy expenditure was only 75.7% +/- 5.6% of the value predicted by regression analysis for the decreased FFM. In these six subjects the RMR was 97.4% +/- 7.5% of that predicted for the decreased FFM, suggesting that essentially all the energy savings relative to FFM in the reduced-obese state occurred in nonresting energy expenditure. In a subsequent group of seven subjects studied longitudinally before and after a 21.5% +/- 2.3% weight loss, the decrease in nonresting energy expenditure accounted for 582 +/- 276 kcal/d or 71% of the decrease in estimated 24-hour energy expenditure. These data suggest a decrease in the nonresting energy expenditure of ambulatory reduced-obese individuals, which is greater than previously appreciated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3173113 TI - Evidence that fluoride-stimulated 3[H]-thymidine incorporation in embryonic chick calvarial cell cultures is dependent on the presence of a bone cell mitogen, sensitive to changes in the phosphate concentration, and modulated by systemic skeletal effectors. AB - In previous studies we have shown that clinically effective concentrations of fluoride (5 to 30 mumol/L) could also have direct effects in vitro on skeletal tissues to increase embryonic chick bone formation and bone cell proliferation (3[H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA). From these observations, we hypothesized that fluoride-stimulated bone formation might be mediated by a direct effect of fluoride to increase bone cell proliferation. The current studies were intended to investigate the mechanism of fluoride-stimulated 3[H]-thymidine incorporation, in chick calvarial cell cultures, by assessing mitogenic interactions between fluoride and inorganic phosphate, bone-derived growth factors, and systemic skeletal effectors. With respect to fluoride-phosphate interactions, the results of our studies indicate that the effect of fluoride was dependent on the phosphate concentration in the medium. Fluoride did not increase 3[H]-thymidine incorporation in BGJb medium containing 1 mmol/L (total) phosphate; but, in 1.6 mmol/L phosphate medium, fluoride caused a dose-dependent increase in 3[H] thymidine incorporation, between 1 and 20 mumol/L (P less than .001). The action of fluoride was also dependent on the presence of a bone cell mitogen. Fluoride increased 3[H]-thymidine incorporation when added to calvarial cell cultures in the cell-conditioned medium, but had no effect in unconditioned (ie, fresh) medium. The action of fluoride could be restored by adding an exogenous growth factor (ie, concentrated cell-conditioned medium, bone-derived growth factors, or a systemic bone cell mitogen) to the unconditioned culture medium, P less than .05 for each effector.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3173114 TI - Inhibition of nuclear T3 binding by fatty acids. AB - Studies were performed to evaluate a possible modulatory role of lipids on the binding of T3 to rat liver nuclear receptors in vitro. Unsaturated fatty acids were potent inhibitors of the binding of [125I] T3 to isolated rat liver nuclei. Doses (in mumol/L) causing a 50% inhibition of nuclear T3 binding were 10 for palmitoleic acid, 11 for linoleic acid, 22 for oleic acid, 24 for arachidonic acid, and 37 for linolenic acid. Other lipids had less or no inhibitory activity. Unsaturated fatty acids reduced the affinity constant (Ka) of the binding of T3 to nuclear receptors to 57.4% +/- 11.0% that of controls (mean +/- SE 1.04 +/- 0.14 v 1.97 +/- 0.23 10(9) L/M, n = 5; P less than .02) but did not affect the maximal binding capacity (MBC) (1.47 +/- 0.20 v 1.55 +/- 0.10 10(-10) M/L; NS). Evaporated ether extracts of rat liver homogenate pretreated with phospholipase A2 for five to 20 minutes (that liberates unsaturated fatty acids from phospholipids) demonstrated a progressive inhibition of nuclear T3 binding with time when compared with ether extracts of untreated rat liver homogenate (F = 16.1; P less than .01). Evaporated, fatty-acid-rich ether extracts of human sera caused a dose-dependent inhibition in the binding of [125I] T3 to nuclear T3 receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3173115 TI - Medical data, information, and knowledge. PMID- 3173116 TI - Estimating relative risk from heterogeneous strata. PMID- 3173117 TI - Three graphic representations to aid Bayesian inference. PMID- 3173118 TI - A statistical model for appraisal of discrimination performance in closed set tests. PMID- 3173119 TI - The prognosis of in vitro fertilization (IVF): a regression approach. PMID- 3173120 TI - Analysis of mortality data due to infectious diseases: life table methods complementary to direct rates. PMID- 3173121 TI - Management decisions in hospitals: recommendations for information needs. PMID- 3173122 TI - Characterization of some Clostridium species by gas-liquid chromatography using numerical analysis. AB - We studied 42 strains of Clostridia belonging to 20 different species. All the strains were examined for morphological characters, biochemical reactions, and analyzed by means of gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) to determine metabolic patterns of short chain fatty acids and alcohols. To increase the number of criteria for the differentiation, specimens were grown on Peptone Yeast Extract medium (PY) with the addition of 13 different carbohydrates. The strains were compared using numerical taxonomic techniques based upon 20 unit qualitative and 224 quantitative characters. Data were examined using the simple matching coefficient (SSM) for qualitative characters, and degree of overlap between superimposed trace (So) for qualitative characters, and clustering was achieved using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) technique. DNA base composition was also determined. Numerical analysis showed remarkable difference between phenograms derived from SSM and So coefficients. The phenogram (SSM) is formed by 11 clusters and eight of these include strains from only one species. Only three clusters contained strains from different species. The cluster variability range of G + C base composition was never higher than 4 mol% except for one cluster where it reached 7 mol% G + C. In the phenogram (So) instead, there are 8 clusters and in only one case are strains from one species aggregated. In the remaining 7 clusters strains belonging to two or more species aggregated. The range values of base composition are over 4 mol% in three of the eight clusters. PMID- 3173123 TI - In vitro blastogenesis of porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - A microculture technique was used for the in vitro blastogenesis of pig lymphocytes. The effects of some variable on the stimulation of L luminal diameter culture were compared. A cell concentration of 4 x 10(6) cells/well gave an optimal stimulation index (S.I.) of 121.3, with 50 micrograms/ml of concanavalin A (Con A), whereas cell concentration of 5 x 10(5) and concanavalin concentration of 100 micrograms/ml gave the lowest stimulation of 1.61. Good stimulation was observed in almost all cultures incubated for 48 hrs and labelled with 1 Mci triated thymidine (3HTdr) for the last 8 hrs. The highest S.I. were in the range of 66.3 to 121.3 (73,223 to 133,893 counts per minute) for the pig lymphocytes derived from whole blood culture. PMID- 3173124 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Brucella melitensis-associated antigens. AB - An ELISA assay was performed to detect antigens of Brucella melitensis directly in the blood of patients affected by Brucellosis. Disposable polystyrene microtiter plates were coated with rabbit immunoglobulins anti-Brucella melitensis antigens and then incubated with sera of Brucellosis patients and sera of not infected normal subjects as a control, to standardize the conditions of the different steps of the assay. The level of the blood-containing Brucella antigen bound to the plate was measured by addition of anti-Brucella melitensis antiserum conjugated with alkaline phosphatase followed by incubation with the specific enzyme substrate. Sera from 9 Brucellosis patients not undergoing therapy were tested by this ELISA assay, and all showed values significantly higher than the control. A pool of 96 sera from normal subjects not infected with Brucella melitensis was used as a negative control. In addition, a different group of 8 sera from patients with Brucellosis undergoing therapy were also analyzed, but no difference in the ELISA value was observed between the two groups with or without therapy. The ELISA assay described in this paper could be a reproducible, sensitive and suitable test to detect Brucella-antigens in the blood of Brucellosis patients and it could be used in addition to the more common methods for a more thorough diagnosis of Brucellosis. PMID- 3173125 TI - Clostridium difficile in preterm neonates. AB - Stool specimens from premature neonates over the first month of life were examined for the presence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile and to evaluate a possible correlation between colonization and bowel disorders or prior antibiotic administration. Results showed a high isolation rate (63%) of Clostridium difficile with similar incidence in infants treated or not with antibiotics and with or without bowel disorders. Differentiation among strains according to SDS PAGE, antibiotic susceptibility patterns and toxin production were useful to reveal cross-contamination. Both toxin-producing and non toxigenic strains were found in the infants' intestines. However, toxigenic strains were only present in infants suffering from bowel disorders and thus treated with oral antibiotics, suggesting that these factors may favour colonization by toxigenic strains. PMID- 3173126 TI - Susceptibility of a minipig kidney cell line (MPK) to hog cholera virus. AB - A comparitive study on the different susceptibility of MPK cells (Minipig Kidney cell line) and PK15 cells (Pig Kidney cell line) to the Hog Cholera Virus (HCV) was conducted. Higher HCV titres (3 log10) were reached on MPK cells compared with PK15 cells. PMID- 3173127 TI - Microcalorimetric determination of the kinetics of substrate utilisation by non growing suspensions of Neisseria sicca. AB - The metabolism of various substrates by non-growing suspensions of Neisseria sicca was investigated by a flow-microcalorimetric technique. Substrate utilisation showed Michaelis kinetics allowing determination of saturation constants (Km) and maximum specific rates of substrate utilisation (Vmax). Pyruvate, lactate, a number of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, and amino acids (aspartate, glutamate and proline) were rapidly metabolised [Vmax 5-35 mumol (g dry wt cells)-1 min-1]; Km values were between 4 and 20 microM. Glucose, glycerol, acetate and the other amino acids investigated gave only a slight or no increase in power. The pattern of substrate utilisation is discussed in relation to the role of carbonic anhydrase in N. sicca. PMID- 3173128 TI - Effect of ciprofloxacin on subcutaneous abscesses induced with Staphylococcus epidermidis and a foreign body implant in the mouse. AB - Subcutaneous abscesses were induced in mice with Staphylococcus epidermidis strain G19-85 and a foreign body implant. The MIC of ciprofloxacin for this strain was 0.25 microgram/ml. The ciprofloxacin dosage, 120 mg/kg/day, was divided into three injections, administered to the mice subcutaneously at 8 h intervals. Serum concentration kinetics in normal mice (n = 50) were determined. The peak serum level of ciprofloxacin was 3.18 micrograms/ml at the 15 min sampling time; the trough level was 0.53 micrograms/ml at 8 h. Abscesses were found in 96% (n = 49) of the untreated, infected control mice. Three modes of treatment with ciprofloxacin were tested: (1) four prophylactic injections of ciprofloxacin prior to infection reduced abscess formation to 64% (p less than or equal to 0.0002, n = 50). (2) Eleven therapeutic injections, initiated 4 days after infection, reduced abscess formation to 86% (p less than or equal to 0.17, n = 49). (3) One prophylactic injection prior to surgery and five therapeutic injections after infection reduced abscess formation to 43% (p less than or equal to 0.0001, n = 49). Culture results correlated with the abscess formation rates. PMID- 3173129 TI - The acid phosphatases of Thermoascus crustaceus, a thermophilic fungus. AB - Thermoascus crustaceus, a filamentous, thermophilic ascomycete with pathogenic potential was cultured on Sabouraud's liquid medium at temperatures from 27 to 47 degrees C for periods up to 7 days. Growth rate and yield were optimal at 37 degrees C. Morphological changes were confined to the cell walls, the thickness being greatest at 47 degrees C, which were also more resistant to mechanical disruption. Significant amounts of acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) activity occurred in the spent media of all cultures but were greatest at 37 degrees C. The proportions of acid phosphatase activity which were operationally defined as soluble or bound were also documented; the optimum pH for acid phosphatase activity in all fractions was 5.0. Extracts were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions and the gels were stained for acid phosphatase activity. This revealed four electrophoretically distinct acid phosphatases which had different susceptibilities to inhibition by fluoride, phosphate, or tartrate. Effects of growth temperature, or phosphate supplement in the culture medium, on the acid phosphatase isoenzyme pattern were judged to be minor. Cytochemistry at the electron microscope level indicated acid phosphatase activity on the surface, in the periplasmic space, and in the cytoplasm, but no trends with regard to growth conditions. A substantial temperature range can be tolerated by this species but it is concluded that neither the general shape of the cells nor the acid phosphatase isoenzyme pattern changes substantially; this contrasts with previously documented differences for this class of enzyme in dimorphic Sporotrix schenckii. PMID- 3173130 TI - Aberrant development of Trichophyton mentagrophytes hyphae cultured in the presence of Congo red. AB - When Trichophyton mentagrophytes colonies were placed on a medium containing 150 micrograms/ml of Congo red, a dye which prevents chitin fibrillogenesis, their growth rate was reduced. The newly formed mycelium, examined under an ultraviolet microscope, consisted of thick, curled and branched hyphae endowed with swollen tips and subapical bulges. Short-time exposure revealed that the major sites of dye accumulation were the extension zones. Normally structured hyphae arose from aberrant mycelia when they were transferred onto a dye-free medium. The phenomena observed suggest that Congo red alters the wall properties of the extension zone, by inhibiting the gradual conversion of chitin chains, synthesized at the extreme tip, into microfibrils of increasing size and density. PMID- 3173131 TI - Update in '88: From basics to lasers. Michigan State Medical Society, 1988 annual scientific meeting. November 8-10, Dearborn. PMID- 3173132 TI - Equal access to care does not ensure equal results. PMID- 3173133 TI - AMA calls for a unified nat'l adolescent health initiative. PMID- 3173134 TI - Adolescent health a priority for Michigan, says MDPH. PMID- 3173135 TI - Adolescent health programs are gaining importance in Michigan. PMID- 3173137 TI - Robert M. Leitch, MD: 30 years with MSMS. Interview by Judy Marr. PMID- 3173136 TI - For Ypsilanti youth, health care is "just around the corner". PMID- 3173138 TI - Health care insurance a key concern for Sen. John Kelly. Interview by Chad Munger. PMID- 3173139 TI - U-M dean: "it's an exciting and challenging time". Interview by Judy Marr. PMID- 3173140 TI - The fight against AIDS: an MSMS progress report. PMID- 3173141 TI - The teens; trying times. PMID- 3173142 TI - Differentiated practice: nurses in partnership. PMID- 3173143 TI - Implementation of differentiated practice through differentiated case management. PMID- 3173144 TI - Electron microscopic observations on tracheal epithelia of mice infected with Bordetella bronchiseptica. AB - To clarify the pathogenesis of Bordetella in vivo infection, the tracheal epithelia of mice were examined in detail by electron microscopy at various intervals after intranasal inoculation with graded doses of phase I Bordetella bronchiseptica. In mice infected with a lethal dose (6 to 7 x 10(7) CFU), a remarkable rupture of the cell membranes of cilia and microvilli of the middle trachea was found on day I postinfection. The rupture of the membrane was observed over the entire tracheal epithelia, on day 2 after infection. The affected cilia were constricted at the transitional region and were broken off. In the ciliated cells the adherence of organisms to ciliary apexes and colonization in the interciliary spaces were also remarkable. In both the ciliated and nonciliated epithelial cells, the cytoplasmic vacuolation and pyknosis or karyorrehexis were also notable. In mice infected with one-tenth of the lethal dose, similar findings were seen, but appeared more slowly and the bacteria were not seen attaching to ciliary apexes. In mice receiving one hundredth of the lethal dose, only mild cilial abnormality such as aggregation of cilia, and slight cytoplasmic vacuolation were found 6 days postinfection. Based on these findings, a possible mechanism of the ciliary damages produced by B. bronchiseptica was postulated. PMID- 3173145 TI - Relationship between mycobacterial species and their carotenoid pigments. AB - A study of the relationship between mycobacterial species and their carotenoid pigments was carried out. According to the carotenoid pigments contained, the mycobacterial species tested were divided into four groups: the first group of Mycobacterium kansasii and M. marinum, which formed principally only beta carotene; the second group of M. gordonae, M. scrofulaceum, M. szulgai, M. xenopi, M. flavescens, M. phlei, M. rhodesiae, M. neoaurum, and M. aichiense, which formed beta-carotene and a zeaxanthin-like substance; the third group of M. aurum and M. obuense, which formed beta-carotene and an eschscholtzxanthin-like substance; and the fourth group of M. chubuense and M. tokaiense, which formed beta-carotene and zeaxanthin- and eschscholtzxanthin-like substances. The common carotenoid pigment throughout the genus Mycobacterium was beta-carotene and the hypophasic carotenoids differed according to the species. PMID- 3173146 TI - Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in antibody-sensitized neutrophils stimulated with protein A-bearing staphylococci. AB - When mouse polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) sensitized with rabbit antibody to mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were stimulated by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I cells, a conspicuous luminol-dependent chemiluminescence was observed in the absence of opsonin. The profile of the chemiluminescence (CL) response evoked by staphylococcal cells from antibody-sensitized PMNs had two peaks. An initial peak, observed within 1 min after stimulation, was sharp and high and a second peak, observed about 5 min after stimulation, was low and extended. The CL response of antibody-sensitized PMNs stimulated by S. aureus Cowan I cells was dose-dependently blocked by preincubation with soluble SpA. Cells of a mutant derived from S. aureus Cowan I strain with trace amounts of cell-bound SpA failed to stimulate the antibody-sensitized PMNs to generate the CL response. The antibody-sensitized PMNs were found to phagocytize SpA-bearing S. aureus cells even in the absence of opsonic serum. These results suggest that the observation presented here might provide a useful tool for the investigation of CL response of PMNs. PMID- 3173147 TI - Purification and some properties of cytotoxin produced by Clostridium difficile. AB - The cytotoxin produced by Clostridium difficile was highly purified by using ammonium sulfate fractionation and successive column chromatographies of DEAE Sephadex A-25, hydroxyapatite, Bio-Gel A-0.5m, Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B, and Mono Q. The purified cytotoxin gave a single band on conventional and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of dithiothreitol. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 260,000 and 50,000 by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis in the presence of dithiothreitol, respectively. Thus it was supposed that the toxin consists of 5 subunits having molecular weight of approximately 50,000. It had an isoelectric point of 6.6. The toxin was heat-labile (60 C for 10 min) and inactivated by treatment with trypsin and pronase, or at pH below 4 or over 10. The minimum cytotoxic dose of the cytotoxin against Chinese hamster ovary cells was 3 ng. It was also demonstrated that the toxin is antigenically different from enterotoxin of C. difficile. PMID- 3173148 TI - Priming activity for chemiluminescence reaction of PMN in the culture supernatant of streptococcal preparation (OK-432)-stimulated spleen cells. AB - We investigated the effect of supernatant from human spleen cell culture stimulated with a streptococcal preparation, OK-432 (OK sup), on the luminol dependent chemiluminescence (CL) of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). The fMLP-stimulated CL of PMN was markedly enhanced by the pretreatment with OK sup. This result indicates that OK sup contained the factor(s) that primes fMLP stimulated CL of PMN. The priming factor(s) in OK sup was partially inactivated by the treatment at 56 C for 30 min and pH 2 or pH 10 treatments. Since the enhancing effect of OK sup on the CL was inhibited by the treatment of sodium azide and the addition of catalase or taurine, it was assumed that OK sup augments the activity of MPO-H2O2-HOCl system of fMLP-stimulated PMN. PMID- 3173149 TI - Mechanism of streptomycin resistance in Leptospira biflexa strain Urawa. AB - The mechanism of streptomycin resistance of Leptospira biflexa was investigated. A streptomycin-resistance mutant of Leptospira showed cross-resistance to dihydrostreptomycin but not to other antibiotics. Enzymatic inactivation of the drug could not be demonstrated in this mutant. Protein synthesis on the ribosomes from the mutant was insensitive to streptomycin. These results suggest that ribosomal resistance is the reason for streptomycin resistance in Leptospira biflexa. PMID- 3173150 TI - The need for multiprofessional health education in undergraduate studies. PMID- 3173151 TI - Medical education in China for the 21st century: the context for change. AB - A national conference on Medical Education in China for the 21st Century was convened in Beijing in November 1986. Over 6 days, leading medical educators and Ministry of Public Health officials from across China presented China's future health service needs and debated opportunities and constraints in meeting those needs by various innovations in medical education. Recent political upheavals have left many educators wary of innovation. There are major, conflicting demands between the needs of rural primary care service and the needs of medical schools to replenish medical school professional ranks depleted by the Cultural Revolution. Multiple and varied experiments in medical education will be encouraged among China's medical schools. China will probably amalgamate indigenous and foreign education experiments, offering the world community new and important innovations in medical education. PMID- 3173152 TI - Medical education at Peking Union Medical College. AB - The development and present approach to training doctors at the Peking Union Medical College, the only medical school in the country with an 8-year curriculum, is described. PMID- 3173153 TI - Literature and medicine: a short course for medical students. AB - A course on literature and medicine for medical students is described. A wide range of books, plays and poems were used with medical and non-medical themes. Students enjoyed the course and particularly welcomed the non-medical components. The staff learned at least as much as the students. Several book lists were developed with input from the students. Such a course might have a part to play in several parts of the medical course, such as in the teaching of ethics. PMID- 3173154 TI - Diagnosing the diagnostic process. AB - Experimental results obtained by examining the diagnostic performance of students and doctors in different medical schools and different cultural environments are presented. The pertinent data were obtained using tests of diagnostic skills based on real cases. The technique requires asking questions (tactics) to obtain the information needed to reach a diagnosis so that the subject becomes an active searcher of information and the final answer is not the only element used to evaluate tactics. The results show significant differences in performance according to medical experience. Experts ask fewer questions than students or less-experienced doctors but maximize the information value by asking them at the proper time in the sequence. New evaluation procedures are described to characterize quantitatively each diagnostic tactic. Experimentally based theoretical considerations are made concerning the prediction and development of diagnostic talent, the structure of diagnostic processes and its training. New approaches to the problem are briefly sketched. PMID- 3173155 TI - Observation as a method of learning: a useful learning experience or a waste of time? AB - In medical schools, most clinical teaching takes place in small groups in which the teacher and/or one of the students carry out the interview, examination or procedure, while one or more of the other members of the group looks on. Students, then, are as often watchers as doers. What do students learn from observing someone else doing something, and what can be done to enhance the effectiveness of this learning process? The authors attempted to answer these questions. They conducted an experimental study designed to evaluate student experience as observers. The data garnered from this study indicated that students regarded learning by observation as a useful, even valuable, experience. The data also suggested that the effectiveness of this learning experience was derived from a shared sense of immediate, emotionally charged, highly interactive participation in the proceedings, and that the teacher's catalytic function was essential to this process. PMID- 3173156 TI - Teaching sociology in UK medical schools. AB - This paper briefly reviews the development of the teaching of sociology in UK medical schools, and then discusses some of the problems associated with such teaching. PMID- 3173157 TI - Child and adolescent psychiatry in the undergraduate medical curriculum. AB - The preliminary findings of a prospective controlled investigation to evaluate the effects of teaching child and adolescent psychiatry to medical students are presented. The results confirmed that the combined teaching of child and adolescent psychiatry, psychiatry and paediatrics led to significant changes as assessed using a multiple choice questionnaire and an attitude questionnaire. Students who had received the combined teaching acquired greater knowledge and more positive attitudes. Caution is warranted when interpreting the results, however, due to the multiplicity of factors affecting outcome: the absence of any measure of the acquisition of clinical skills; no attempt to determine separate or interactive effects of psychiatry and paediatric teaching; and no measure of stability of the changes over time. PMID- 3173158 TI - The impact of student ratings on a new course: the general clerkship (ALCO). AB - In 1980 a new course, called ALCO, was introduced in the faculty of Medicine at the University of Leiden. ALCO is the Dutch abbreviation of Algemeen Coassistentschap, which means general clerkship. This course was designed to bridge the gap between the first 4 years of theoretical studies and the subsequent 2 years of clerkship rotation. Because of the multidisciplinarity of the ALCO and the enormous amount of manpower required for this small-scale educational programme, the Faculty installed an Executive Board to oversee the course and the quality of instruction. By request of this Board the Department of Educational Research and Development set up a regular course evaluation, by having students fill out questionnaires, and reported annually on the outcome. This article presents a reconstruction of the dynamic process of the implementation of a new course in a traditional curriculum over a period of 5 years: on the one hand the impact of student ratings; on the other hand the changes made by the Executive Board in order to adjust the contents, format and methods of instruction. Now, after 5 years of ALCO, there is evidence that the student ratings, on the basis of which most decisions were taken, have contributed substantially to the instructional improvement of the ALCO. PMID- 3173159 TI - A combined course of primary health care practice and family medicine at the University of Gezira. AB - The community-based course presented is a longitudinal course running through four semesters in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Sudan. Students combine their regular work in primary health care centres with attachments to a number of families in Wad Medani town. They continue to visit these families regularly throughout their entire medical course with the aim of studying them and helping them with some of their medical and psychosocial problems. PMID- 3173160 TI - Medical education for minorities at a US medical school. AB - The University of Washington School of Medicine (UWSM) has initiated new efforts to build a regional minority applicant pool and to expand its educational programmes to accommodate students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Specific interventions include: establishment of medical career planner position to coordinate region-wide outreach; pre-entry education; and support activities once enrolled. This study describes specific services and presents sociodemographic and performance data on 56 minority and 280 majority students entering the UWSM between 1981 and 1985. Economic status and educational background of minority students were significantly below that of majority students, several flexible academic policies enabled most students to achieve mastery in courses and to progress through the curriculum. The educational data base utilized in this study, and those at other institutions, can assume important roles in the identification of problem areas in the education of disadvantaged students and in evaluation of the interventions attempted. PMID- 3173161 TI - Psychometric characteristics of the objective structured clinical examination. AB - The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is increasingly being used as a method of clinical assessment yet its measurement characteristics have not been well documented. Evidence is accumulating that many OSCEs may be too short to achieve reliable results. This paper reports detailed psychometric analyses of OSCEs which were administered as part of a well-established final-year examination. Generalizability theory guided investigation of test reliability. At the present test length the OSCE components showed low reliabilities relative to written components. Satisfactory reliabilities could potentially be achieved if test length was increased to approximately 6 hours, a time which would create significant logistic problems for most medical schools. Several strategies for dealing with this practical problem have been explored. Firstly, it was shown that more careful selection of stations based on their psychometric characteristics can significantly improve reliability. Secondly, where rater availability is a limiting factor to increasing test length, more can be gained by using one rater per station and having more stations than using two raters per station. Finally, OSCE scores can, with advantage, be combined with other test scores which are obtained by using less resource-intensive methods. By adopting such strategies, a reliable assessment of clinical competence could be obtained in about 4 hours of testing time which was equally divided between an OSCE constructed of practical and clinical stations and a written test. PMID- 3173162 TI - Teachers' perceptions concerning the relative values of personal and clinical characteristics and their influence on the assignment of students' clinical grades. AB - Twenty senior teachers were asked to rank, in order of influence, the seven clinical and five personal characteristics used to grade third-year medicine clerks. Seventeen perceived themselves to be more influenced by clinical characteristics when assigning grades. Independently, the actual ratings completed over a 3-year period by these same teachers were analysed to measure the congruency between their perceived and actual grading behaviour. When actually rating students only nine raters were more influenced by clinical characteristics and just one half of the teachers displayed a congruency between their perceived and actual rating behaviour. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3173163 TI - The allocation of house officer posts: a UK survey. AB - The methods of allocation of house officer posts at British medical schools were investigated by postal questionnaire. Three categories were found: a free market, a matching process between student and consultant preferences, and the use of in course assessments, the matching process being the most popular. Many medical schools had changed their method of house officer allocation since 1969, but often with unsatisfactory results. PMID- 3173164 TI - Questionnaire construction and question writing for research in medical education. AB - This booklet describes the basic principles of questionnaire construction and design using examples applicable to research in medical education. It is intended for medical educators and researchers who plan to construct questionnaires to gather data about a course, curriculum component or medical education programme. An easy-to-use list of problems to consider when writing questions for a questionnaire is provided. As well, information is provided about the structure of a questionnaire and of the covering letter sent to potential respondents. PMID- 3173165 TI - Towards identifying learning needs in general practice. PMID- 3173166 TI - Is thrombocytopenia in liver failure dependent on an inadequate synthesis of thrombopoietic stimulating factor by the liver? AB - Thrombocytopenia in liver diseases has been considered secondary to portal hypertension or to a consumption mechanism associated with fibrinolytic disorders. Several conflicting clinical reports and evidence from experimental models justify the above mentioned mechanisms only in part. We propose that thrombocytopenia may be consequent to an inadequate synthesis of a factor stimulating thrombopoiesis produced by the liver. PMID- 3173167 TI - Use of DMAE (2-dimethylaminoethanol) in the induction of lucid dreams. AB - A food supplement, namely DMAE, that facilitates the induction of lucid dreams is discussed. Included is a brief consideration of the therapeutic potential of such dreams. PMID- 3173168 TI - Autolymphocyte therapy. AB - Autolymphocyte therapy is medical treatment based upon the infusion of autologous lymphocytes that have been immunized or modulated in vitro. These infused cells subsequently provoke fundamental immunobiologic changes in the host. We suggest that autolymphocyte therapy might be a useful approach in the treatment and prophylaxis of several diseases. PMID- 3173169 TI - Displacement of nutritional receptors on cell membrane as an initiation factor in carcinogenesis. AB - Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process, and initiation is the first step. The cell membrane may hold the key to the entry of carcinogens. According to our hypothesis, the cell membrane may have receptors for nutrients including the essential vitamins, in addition to hormones, immune modulators, prostaglandins and neurotransmitters. In addition, there may be cytoplasmic counter receptors to the above. Carcinogens after prolonged contact with cell membrane may displace nutritional receptors to gain an abnormal foothold on cell membrane before entering the cytoplasm and cell nucleus and activating the oncogenes. If this is proven to be correct, there is a possibility of cancer prevention at the cellular level. A possible experimental approach is also described. PMID- 3173170 TI - Design and evaluation of a new reflectance pulse oximeter sensor. AB - The design and construction of a new optical reflectance sensor suitable for noninvasive monitoring of arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation with a pulse oximeter is described. The reflectance sensor was interfaced to a Datascope ACCUSAT pulse oximeter that was specially adapted for this study to perform as a reflectance oximeter. We evaluated the reflectance sensor in a group of 10 healthy adult volunteers. SpO2 obtained from the forehead with the reflectance pulse oximeter and SpO2 obtained from a finger sensor that was connected to a standard ACCUSAT transmittance pulse oximeter were compared simultaneously to arterial blood samples analyzed by an IL 282 CO-Oximeter. The equation for the best fitted linear regression line between the reflectance SpO2 and HbO2 values obtained from the reference IL 282 CO-Oximeter in the range between 62 and 100% was: SpO2 (%) = 4.78 +/- 0.96 (IL); n = 110. The regression analysis revealed a high degree of correlation (r = 0.98) and a relatively small standard error of the estimate (SEE = 1.82%). The mean and standard deviations for the difference between the reflectance SpO2 and IL 282 measurements was 1.38 and 1.85%, respectively. This study demonstrates the ability to acquire accurate SpO2 from the forehead using a reflectance sensor and a pulse oximeter. PMID- 3173171 TI - Evaluation of the pacing rate response to treadmill exercise using computer simulation of a temperature-based, rate-adaptive algorithm. AB - A temperature-based, rate-adaptive, pacing algorithm was developed to benefit the patient. Rate-adaptive pacemakers use a physiologic parameter to identify the need for increased pacing rate. Parameters that have been clinically investigated include venous pH, Q-T interval, respiration, body motion, and blood temperature. The objective of this study was to provide pacing rates resembling normal heart rates in response to various levels and types of activity. A rapid response time (within 30 s of exercise onset) was also sought. Blood temperature, which reflects metabolic activity of all regions, was selected as the physiologic parameter. Right ventricular blood temperature was recorded in 25 patients with implanted Kelvin 500 pacemakers (Cook Pacemaker) during rest and treadmill exercise. The patient population included 16 men and 9 women, age 44-81 years (mean = 72). Indications for pacing were sinus node disease, atrioventricular block, and atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response. The temperature changed with physical activity and emotional stress. Temperature typically dropped briefly at exercise onset, increased with continued exercise, and returned to the resting level after exercise. These components were employed in developing the temperature-based rate-adaptive algorithm, which was designed to use the rate of temperature change (dT/dt), temperature change (delta T), and baseline temperature (T). The temperature profiles were used to produce simulated pacing rates as determined by the algorithm. The drop in temperature at onset of activity was utilized to provide a rapid increase in pacing rate. As dT/dt became positive and delta T increased, pacing rate was further increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3173172 TI - A survey of persons certified in clinical engineering and their thoughts on the profession. AB - A questionnaire was sent to 346 persons certified in clinical engineering (CCEs) worldwide. An impressive 72% return revealed the following: 57% of the CCEs are employed by hospitals, 15% by manufacturers, and 12% by academic institutions; 13% are consultants in private practice. Half of them have been with their current employer for over 9 years; their average age is 44.3 years. Thirty-six percent left hospitals for their present jobs. The median salary of the hospital based CCEs was in the range of +40,000-45,000/year, whereas that of their non hospital counterparts was in the range of +50,000-55,000/year. Of the nonhospital CCEs, 25% earned over +70,000/year, while only 3% of the hospital CCEs earned salaries in this category. The mean age of the hospitals CCEs is, however, 4.8 years less than that of the non-hospital CCEs. Although some comments on the profession were particularly critical, the respondents believed strongly that clinical engineering remains a viable career choice and has contributed significantly to health care. Underutilization of clinical engineering talents, particularly in the hospital setting, continues to be the predominate concern and greatest source of job-related frustration. PMID- 3173173 TI - Clinical engineering in a downsizing environment. AB - Hospitals are currently facing cost-cutting pressures. To meet the challenge, some hospitals have downsized by reducing costs and by promoting new lines of business. In this environment, clinical engineers may need a proactive strategy to maintain the integrity of their service, demonstrate its value, and develop new business opportunities including shared-service maintenance, technology assessment, microcomputer applications, and training. PMID- 3173174 TI - The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme: time for radical surgery? PMID- 3173175 TI - Children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--personal and professional responsibilities. PMID- 3173176 TI - Heart-rate and blood-pressure response in medium-artillery gun crews. AB - A pilot study of the effect of firing the L118/119 British light gun on the heart rate and blood pressure of crewmen who were wearing EAR ear-plugs was carried out. The firing took place on two successive days, with a higher (louder) charge being used on the second day. Each day 40 rounds were fired from each of two guns which were placed 7 m apart. The results suggest that an increase in heart rate of 10%-30% occurs which is attributable to the noise and which does not habituate to successive firings, and that an acute rise in blood pressure may have been associated with the firing of the higher-powered charge. It is considered that these preliminary observations warrant further, controlled experimentation with a larger number of subjects and improved methods of monitoring blood pressure levels. PMID- 3173177 TI - Avoidance of dietary sodium--a simple questionnaire. AB - Patients who are advised to reduce their sodium intake need intensive counselling and regular feedback on their progress. Urinary tests can indicate a high sodium intake, but the dietary source remains unknown until the patient has answered detailed questions. We have developed a sodium-intake check-list for this purpose and have investigated whether it is comprehensive enough to replace the urinary test. The most heavily-salted foods in the typical Western diet are listed in 21 questions, which are to be answered in relation to the previous three days' intake with a frequency rating of "zero" to "eight or more"; the check-list score is the sum of the scores for all 21 items. For 190 college students who were eating their regular diet, the scores were distributed normally and internally were reliable (Cronbach coefficient alpha = 0.75). They were significantly different (P less than 0.001) from the scores of the 40 persons who were attending a low-sodium advisory service. The range of the urinary sodium excretion rate for 39 persons in the latter group was 9-181 mmol/24 h. The correlation between the urinary sodium excretion results and those of the check list was r = 0.701, which is an acceptable figure considering that the urine excretion data were, for practical reasons, derived from a single 24-h sample. As the absolute sodium excretion is itself only an estimate of dietary behaviour, we consider that this simple questionnaire, as based on a three-day recall, is useful in the management of patients who are ingesting "salt-free" diets, both as an adjunct and as an alternative to urinary testing in routine clinical use. PMID- 3173178 TI - Short- and long-term results of transvenous catheter ablation of the atrioventricular conduction system. AB - Twenty-two patients with refractory supraventricular arrhythmias were treated by catheter-delivered high-energy shocks to the atrioventricular conduction system. All patients had a minimum follow-up period of six months (mean +/- SD, 15 +/- 9 months), at which time 21 of the 22 patients were free of symptoms and required no antiarrhythmic therapy. Permanent pacemakers were implanted in all patients. These results show that transvenous ablation or modification of atrioventricular conduction is a safe and effective technique to treat a wide range of supraventricular arrhythmias, and obviates the need for open-heart surgery for the interruption of atrioventricular nodal conduction. PMID- 3173179 TI - Verapamil withdrawal as a possible cause of myocardial infarction in a hypertensive woman with a normal coronary angiogram. AB - Verapamil is an effective and relatively-safe antihypertensive drug. Serious adverse effects are uncommon and mainly have been related to the depression of cardiac contractility and conduction, especially when the drug is combined with beta-blocking agents. We report a case in which myocardial infarction coincided with the introduction of captopril and the withdrawal of verapamil in a previously asymptomatic woman with severe hypertension. Possible mechanisms that involve a verapamil-related increase in platelet and/or vascular alpha 2 adrenoreceptor affinity for catecholamines are discussed. PMID- 3173180 TI - Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome after treatment with metronidazole. AB - This paper describes the clinical features of six children who developed the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome after treatment with metronidazole. These children were older and were more likely to have undergone recent bowel surgery than are other children with this condition. While the involvement of metronidazole in the aetiology of the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome is not established firmly, the action of this drug in sensitizing tissues to oxidation injury and the reported evidence of oxidation changes in the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome suggest a possible link between metronidazole treatment and some cases of the haemolytic uraemic syndrome. PMID- 3173181 TI - Rugby must be safer: preventive programmes and rule changes. PMID- 3173182 TI - Diethanolamine fusidate has no in-vitro activity against the human immunodeficiency virus. PMID- 3173183 TI - Rabies diagnosis--1987/1988. PMID- 3173184 TI - False-positive result of a glucose tolerance test. PMID- 3173185 TI - Drunken-driving and knowledge of blood alcohol levels. PMID- 3173186 TI - Rubella immunity in medical students: implications for health-care workers. PMID- 3173187 TI - Calcium carbonate tablets. PMID- 3173188 TI - Health screening of refugees. PMID- 3173189 TI - What is a "full" blood count? PMID- 3173190 TI - Alcohol screening and early intervention: an achievable advance in management. PMID- 3173191 TI - Meningococcal diseases in the 1980s: epidemiology, prevention and control. PMID- 3173192 TI - Alcohol-related problems in a general hospital and a general practice: screening and the preventive paradox. AB - A screening questionnaire was used to identify persons with alcohol-related problems in a general hospital and in a general practice. The questionnaire consisted of 16 questions about alcohol-related problems during the past 12 months, and two questions which assessed the quantity and frequency of usual alcohol consumption. The questions about alcohol-related problems led to the identification of more persons with problems than did the consumption questions alone. If the consumption questions only had been used to identify a high-risk group of consumers, and if all these subjects had been persuaded to reduce their alcohol consumption to a low-risk level, the reduction in the number of persons who experienced alcohol-related problems would have been modest. This is compatible with the phenomenon of the preventive paradox, and it is concluded that any screening questionnaire must include questions other than those about high-risk levels of consumption if it is to identify the majority of at-risk persons. PMID- 3173193 TI - Prevalence of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection in the Australian population. AB - A random, stratified sample of 2601 adult Australians from all states and territories was interviewed about knowledge of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). After the interview, an anonymous questionnaire on the prevalence of practices that are associated with risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was left with the respondents; 60.2% of these questionnaires were returned. Data from this survey suggest that the prevalences of male homosexual behaviour, prostitute contact and lesbian contact are substantially lower than were estimated previously. Men with homosexual experience were significantly more prevalent in the more populous states, but the majority of other risk factors--intravenous drug abuse, male respondents' contact with prostitutes, transfusion of blood or blood products during 1980-1985 and heterosexual contact--showed few significant associations with geographical, occupational or marital status. Intravenous drug abusers were significantly younger, and heterosexual contact was associated with age for both male and female respondents. No significant differences were found in the prevalence of homosexual contact among single, married and previously-married men, although the prevalence of homosexual contact was lower in married men. The results of the study are discussed in terms of targeting preventive campaigns and assessing the future potential for the spread of HIV infection. PMID- 3173194 TI - Influence of human immunodeficiency virus antibody testing on sexual behaviour in a "high-risk" population from a "low-risk" city. AB - A survey was undertaken of homosexual and bisexual men in Brisbane to establish whether knowledge of their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-antibody status had influenced any sexual behaviour that was likely to spread HIV type 1 (HIV-1). Of the 318 respondents, 123 respondents knew their HIV serological status, and 13 of these were HIV seropositive. Of the 195 respondents who previously had not been tested, 10 individuals proved to be HIV seropositive. Eighty-two per cent of subjects stated that they had reduced their sexual activity because of their awareness of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); this reduction was equally common among those who had or had not previously had their HIV serological status checked. Anal intercourse was practised most frequently by those subjects who were HIV seropositive and were not aware of it; nevertheless, unprotected anal intercourse was common among subjects who knew their HIV serological status, including those who knew that they were HIV seropositive. Eighty-nine of 208 subjects who were practising anal intercourse had never used a condom. Usage of a condom was marginally more common among those subjects who previously had been tested for the presence of HIV antibodies (P = 0.06), and this was particularly so for those subjects who knew that they were HIV seropositive (P less than 0.01). Condom usage was no more common among those subjects who knew that they were HIV seronegative, when compared with those subjects who did not know their status. These data show that knowledge of a negative HIV-antibody test-result has no substantial association with safer sexual behaviour and suggest that whereas targeted information programmes have had some impact on behaviour in high-risk groups in Brisbane, by the end of July 1986, these programmes had not yet resulted in safer sexual practices by the majority of homosexual and bisexual men. PMID- 3173195 TI - A report on the National Advisory Committee on the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome's workshop on human immunodeficiency virus infection and intravenous drug abuse. PMID- 3173196 TI - Cocaine abuse with hyperthermia, seizures and fatal complications. AB - The case of a previously-healthy woman who developed marked hyperthermia after the intravenous self-administration of cocaine is described. Status epilepticus and a prolonged period of hypotension were followed by the development of rhabdomyolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute renal failure, impaired cerebral function and hepatic dysfunction. The pathophysiology of these events and their relationship to cocaine overdose is discussed. PMID- 3173197 TI - Thiamin: to add or not to add? PMID- 3173199 TI - The Australian Tobacco Research Foundation. PMID- 3173198 TI - The Hudson Multi-Vent oxygen mask. PMID- 3173200 TI - The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. PMID- 3173201 TI - Disposal of medical waste. PMID- 3173202 TI - Clinical characteristics and outcomes in a cohort of patients who were assessed as in need of nursing-home care. AB - A cohort of 116 applicants who were assessed by the Bundoora Extended Care Assessment Team during the first six months of 1985 as requiring nursing-home care was followed-up in an attempt to detect the clinical characteristics that were associated with a delay in placement. The demographic and clinical features of this cohort are described. By the end of the follow-up period, 89 applicants had been admitted to nursing homes. The mean time from assessment to placement for this group was 97.1 days. A significant delay in placement was associated with an age of less than 80 years, an inability to speak English, the presence of an indwelling urinary catheter, and the need for assistance with feeding. We concluded that some clinical characteristics had an effect on the time to placement among the nursing-home applicants who were assessed in the catchment area of our team. PMID- 3173203 TI - Women's attitudes to withdrawal bleeding and their knowledge and beliefs about the oral contraceptive pill. AB - One hundred and fifty-eight attenders at general practices and family-planning clinics, and 20 young female doctors volunteered to complete a questionnaire about how women take the oral contraceptive pill, their knowledge of the Pill and their attitudes to withdrawal bleeding. Forty-three per cent of female patients has used the Pill to alter the time of withdrawal bleeding. Twenty-two per cent of female patients had taken the Pill daily for more than six weeks on at least one occasion and all reported positive experiences. However, 83% of female patients believed that it was necessary to bleed monthly when taking the Pill and 69% of the female patients believed that continuous use of active medication is undesirable. The over-all knowledge of the Pill was poor and 43% of female patients did not know what to do if they missed two consecutive Pills. Female doctors were better informed but had similar attitudes about the Pill to those of other women. Forty-six per cent of the female patients and 55% of young female doctors would chose to bleed at intervals of three months or greater if they could determine their own Pill regimen. PMID- 3173204 TI - Ward and laboratory assessment of two second-generation blood-glucose monitoring systems. AB - We present an assessment of two blood-glucose monitoring systems--the Ames Glucostix reagent strips read on the Glucometer II and the Boehringer-Mannheim BM Test-Glycemie 20-800 test strips read on the Reflolux II meter. Many nurses in the wards and a technologist in the laboratory assessed the systems. All operators achieved good precision with both systems at various glucose levels, the coefficients of variation for the technologist being less than 8% and those for the nurses being less than 11%. The Boehringer-Mannheim system gave good agreement with the laboratory values, with a mean bias of +0.14 mmol/L and limits of agreement between -1.38 mmol/L and +1.66 mmol/L. The Ames system gave poorer agreement, with a bias of +0.80 mmol/L and limits of agreement between -2.12 mmol/L and +3.72 mmol/L. Our study shows that both systems are capable of providing clinically-acceptable results when used by trained personnel. Although it took longer to use, the operators unanimously preferred the Boehringer Mannheim system because generally it was easier to handle. This is due to a smaller amount of blood being needed which is easier to apply and to remove from the strip, and the cleaning material is not as likely to be left on the strip. Also, strip insertion is easier and there is sufficient time for this after the removal of blood. PMID- 3173205 TI - The breast: tissue changes and cancer risk. AB - Long-standing confusion about the premalignant significance of benign changes in breast tissue is being resolved. The majority of patients whose breast biopsy sample does not show invasive carcinoma is not at a significantly-increased risk of developing a breast malignancy. Tissue markers that indicate a risk for invasive carcinoma include atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma-in-situ but only a minority of patients with these changes ever develops invasive carcinoma. The implications for patient management are discussed. PMID- 3173206 TI - Whither surrogacy? PMID- 3173207 TI - The risks of suboptimal mammography. AB - This report emphasizes the importance of obtaining high-quality mammograms in patients with breast symptoms. An initial negative report in a 40-year-old woman with no palpable breast lump unfortunately was based upon inadequate films which, had they not been reviewed and repeat mammography been arranged, would have led to the patient being reassured mistakenly that no significant breast disease was present. PMID- 3173208 TI - AIDS education. PMID- 3173209 TI - Mycobacterial infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 3173210 TI - The legal dilemma of in-vitro fertilization surrogate pregnancy in Victoria. PMID- 3173211 TI - Carney's complex. PMID- 3173212 TI - Immunoglobulin A myeloma presenting with laryngeal obstruction. PMID- 3173213 TI - The Victorian Nutrition Survey. PMID- 3173214 TI - Dietary polyunsaturated fats. PMID- 3173215 TI - Time to lower cholesterol. PMID- 3173216 TI - Contact dermatitis and Primula obconica. PMID- 3173217 TI - Man's best friend. PMID- 3173218 TI - Lung cancer cell type and asbestos body lung content. Preliminary results of a surgical series-based study. PMID- 3173219 TI - [Hepatic angiosarcoma caused by vinyl chloride: a new Italian case]. PMID- 3173220 TI - Survey on resources for occupational health research in European Community countries. PMID- 3173221 TI - Liver angiosarcoma in a vinyl chloride polymerization plant worker. Report of the seventh Italian case. PMID- 3173222 TI - [Evaluation of a standardized European method for the determination of plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase]. PMID- 3173223 TI - [Lung tumors and occupational exposure in an industrial area of northern Italy]. PMID- 3173224 TI - [Behavior of the excretion of mercapturic acid after administration of 1,2 dichloropropane to the rat]. PMID- 3173225 TI - [Exposure to radio waves in physiotherapy]. PMID- 3173226 TI - [Proposal for a protocol for the biological monitoring and health surveillance of workers exposed to inorganic lead]. PMID- 3173227 TI - [Digital systolic pressure during cold test: standardization, reproducibility and validity of a method for the evaluation of digital vasospasm in normal subjects and in subjects exposed to hand-arm vibrations]. PMID- 3173228 TI - [Psychometric study of the measurement of predisposing behavior to coronary disease (type A) in working populations. I. Bortner's scale]. PMID- 3173229 TI - [Neotrombicula autumnalis infestation (Shaw, 1790) in agricultural workers in the Province of Ferrara]. PMID- 3173230 TI - [Selenious acid poisoning in galvanization. Description of a clinical case]. PMID- 3173231 TI - [Increased urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid in workers exposed to styrene in reinforced plastics industry]. PMID- 3173232 TI - [Exploratory data analysis]. PMID- 3173233 TI - [Probably thousands rather than tens]. PMID- 3173234 TI - Firearm projectile review for medical examiners. Part II: Unusual and new bullets. PMID- 3173235 TI - ACE inhibitors for congestive heart failure. PMID- 3173236 TI - Meters for glucose monitoring. PMID- 3173237 TI - Inhibition (in vitro) of replication and of the cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus by an extract of the culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia. AB - An extract of culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM) was prepared. This was further fractionated by 50% ethanol precipitation and both the resulting product, E-P-LEM, and LEM were studied to evaluate their effect on the activity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. The experiments were performed using either a cell-free infection system with MT-4 cells, or a cell-to-cell infection system with MOLT-4 cells, which induces multinucleated giant cells very efficiently. E-P-LEM almost completely blocked both the cytopathic effect of giant cell formation and specific antigen expression due to HIV, whereas LEM before ethanol precipitation blocked the expression of HIV antigen in MT-4 cells only at a high concentration. Pretreatment of the virus with E-P-LEM before infection blocked HIV infection in the target cells. Thus, the inhibitory effect of LEM and E-P-LEM on HIV could be due to a blocking of the initial stages of HIV infection. Moreover, reverse transcriptase activity of avian myeloblastosis virus was inhibited. PMID- 3173238 TI - Effect of protein and zinc deficiencies on vaccine efficacy in guinea pigs following pulmonary infection with Listeria. AB - Specific pathogen-free guinea pigs were maintained for 3 weeks on purified diets containing 30% protein (ovalbumin) and 50 ppm added zinc (Control-C), 10% protein and 50 ppm added zinc (low protein-LP), or 30% protein and no added zinc (low zinc-LZ). Half of the animals in each diet group were vaccinated intraperitoneally with 2.5 x 10(3) viable Listeria monocytogenes organisms after 8 days of diet treatment. Ten days later, all animals received an aerosol challenge of 250 L. monocytogenes organisms and were killed 4 days later. Both zinc and protein deficiency resulted in animals that were growth retarded as compared to controls. Specific nutrient effects were observed as significant reductions in total serum proteins (LP group) and plasma zinc concentrations (LZ group). In vaccinated guinea pigs, both protein and zinc deprivation resulted in significant impairment of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses following the intradermal injection of listeria antigen. Diet did not exert a measurable impact on the response of nonvaccinated guinea pigs to pulmonary listeriosis. Prior vaccination allowed both malnourished groups to control the challenge infection successfully as measured by significant reductions in viable bacilli recovered from the lung, spleen and hilar lymph nodes. The diet and vaccine effect varied depending on the tissue examined. Thus, although both protein and zinc deficiencies resulted in loss of peripheral antigen-specific T lymphocyte function (DTH), vaccine efficacy was not impaired. PMID- 3173240 TI - Psychological warfare should and could be prevented. PMID- 3173239 TI - Civil protection against chemical and biological warfare. PMID- 3173242 TI - [Factors determining the possibility of tick-borne encephalitis infection. 2. The virus carriage of the vector in the central taiga forests of the Khabarovsk Territory]. PMID- 3173241 TI - [Behavior of the tick-borne encephalitis virus in Dermacentor marginatus Sulz (Ixodidae) ticks of different physiological ages]. PMID- 3173244 TI - [Clinical picture of the acute period in tick-borne Lyme borreliosis]. PMID- 3173243 TI - [Effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Penicillium funiculosum on the reproduction of the causative agent of plague in the body of fleas]. PMID- 3173245 TI - [The ixodid tick fauna of the Mongolian People's Republic. I. The species distribution]. PMID- 3173246 TI - [Action of an analog of insect juvenile hormone farnesol ester on the flea Xenopsylla conformis Wagn]. PMID- 3173247 TI - [Diagnosis of the species of lice in the genus Pediculus]. PMID- 3173249 TI - [Determination of the efficacy of repellent preparations in relation to the feeding behavior of Aedes aegypti and Aedes togoi mosquitoes]. PMID- 3173248 TI - [Effect of the viral preparation viroden on Aedes aegypti L. mosquitoes in an experiment]. PMID- 3173250 TI - [The distribution and ecology of Bithynia inflata mollusks, the intermediate hosts of Opisthorchis felineus, in reservoirs of the Biryusa River basin]. PMID- 3173251 TI - [Echinococcosis on Kamchatka and the scientific and practical tasks in promoting its control]. PMID- 3173252 TI - [Effectiveness of treating patients with strongyloidosis with medamine in powder form and tabletted]. PMID- 3173253 TI - [Effectiveness of permethrin-based bait for controlling synanthropic flies]. PMID- 3173254 TI - [The role and place of epizootiological monitoring in supporting the prevention of tick-borne encephalitis]. PMID- 3173256 TI - [Determination of the titer of the tick-borne encephalitis virus in the saliva of fasting ixodid ticks]. PMID- 3173255 TI - [Anticestodal activity of preparations from the benzimidazolecarbamate group]. PMID- 3173257 TI - [Experience in the early detection and treatment of patients with trichinelliasis]. PMID- 3173258 TI - [The role of toxoplasmosis in obstetrical-gynecological pathology]. PMID- 3173259 TI - [Chronic pancreatitis with inflammatory enlargement of the head of the pancreas. Early and late results following duodenum saving resection of the head of the pancreas]. PMID- 3173260 TI - [Diagnostic problems in ectopic Cushing syndrome]. PMID- 3173261 TI - Interviews or postal questionnaires? Comparisons of data about women's experiences with maternity services. AB - Surveys by personal interview are often assumed to be superior to those conducted by mail questionnaire. An experimental study of experiences and attitudes of 800 newly delivered mothers revealed surprising advantages to postal surveys: they are cheaper, more easily repeatable, and minimize interviewer effects. While response rates differed, the quality of responses was similar, except between middle- and working-class mothers. Postal surveys can be used with considerable assurance in national studies of fairly intimate experiences of pregnancy and delivery. PMID- 3173262 TI - Medical politics and Canadian Medicare: professional response to the Canada Health Act. AB - The Canada Health Act of 1984 served as a lightning rod for profession/government conflict, culminating in a 25-day doctors' strike in Ontario. The act was perceived as threatening medical dominance and professional autonomy in its prohibition of user fees and extra billing. A post-strike survey of 2,397 physicians across the provinces, however, reveals important limits to physicians' ideological support for an unregulated medical market place. Rather, there are divisions within the profession on how to translate commitment to autonomy into appropriate policy objectives and political strategies. PMID- 3173263 TI - An evaluation of serum ferritin determination in chronic hemodialysis patients with persistent low serum iron concentration. AB - Low serum iron concentration is not rare in chronic hemodialysis patients. Therefore it is important to differentiate true iron deficiency from reactive low serum iron concentration. We have evaluated the utility of determining serum ferritin concentration to differentiate iron deficiency in chronic hemodialysis patients with persistent low serum iron concentration. Parenteral iron therapy (40 mg/week, group 1, n = 12) for 3 months caused a 3.0% increase in hematocrit level compared to a group 2 (n = 12; p less than 0.05). Serum ferritin concentration in logarithmic scale was significantly correlated with serum iron concentration (r = 0.671; p less than 0.05). The change in hematocrit level was significantly correlated with that in serum iron concentration (r = 0.648; p less than 0.05), but not with the change in serum ferritin concentration. Persistent low serum iron concentration may be an indication for iron supplement even though the serum ferritin concentrations are in the normal range. PMID- 3173264 TI - Erythrocyte phosphate metabolism and pH in vitro: a model for clinical phosphate disorders in acidosis and alkalosis. AB - When whole blood from 9 normal donors was incubated at 37 degrees C for 90 min under 95%, O2/5% CO2, over a range of pH from 7.1 to 7.9, the concentrations of orthophosphate (Pi) in plasma, in whole blood and in the cells decreased with increasing pH. At all pHs the ratio of cell to plasma concentrations of Pi was higher than that predicted from the cell to plasma distribution ratio for chloride, on the assumption that the mono- and di-anionic forms of Pi distributed passively in response to the membrane potential. Both the observed and predicted distribution ratios for Pi, and the difference between them, decreased with increasing pH. It is concluded that the observed distribution of Pi between erythrocytes and plasma is not consistent with a steady-state passive distribution, and that small changes of pH in vitro can lead to marked alterations in cellular Pi concentration. These measurements provide a direct example of the redistribution of Pi between cells and plasma, which has been postulated to occur in glycolyzing cells, leading to Pi depletion, during pH disturbances in vivo. PMID- 3173265 TI - Amplification of the natriuretic response to acute unilateral nephrectomy by volume expansion. AB - We examined the consequences of acute unilateral nephrectomy (AUN) on sodium (UNaV) and potassium excretion (UKV) in anesthetized rats which received either no volume replacement or an infusion of 1, 1.5, or 2% body weight of an albumin saline solution during surgical preparation. Both UNaV and UKV during the initial control period increased progressively with graded volume repletion. AUN caused a significant increase in UNaV in each group, and the magnitude of this increment was related to the degree of volume repletion, and hence baseline UNaV: in rats replaced with 2% body weight of albumin-saline solution, UNaV rose from 1,801 +/- (SD) 260 to 3,435 +/- 1,748 nEq/min (p less than 0.005), while in rats receiving no replacement, it rose only from 213 +/- 106 to 469 +/- 186 nEq/min (p less than 0.005). In contrast, the increment in UKV was the same in each group despite higher baseline UKV related to graded volume repletion. In no group did GFR increase significantly. We conclude that volume expansion amplifies the natriuretic response to AUN by decreasing reabsorption in the proximal or distal nephron, or both. However, the postnephrectomy kaliuresis is not influenced by the degree of volume repletion, suggesting that it is mediated by a separate mechanism independent of volume expansion-induced changes in tubular function. PMID- 3173267 TI - [The sitting height of children in Turin. Males and females from 3 to 11 years of age]. PMID- 3173266 TI - Reduction of muscle protein degradation by leupeptin in acutely uremic rats. AB - Enhanced muscle protein breakdown has been demonstrated in acutely uremic rats by numerous authors. These findings have been used to explain the clinical signs of muscle wasting and enhanced urea-N appearance, frequently observed in patients suffering from uremia. In order to investigate whether inhibition of skeletal muscle proteinases would have a favourable effect on the extent of muscle protein degradation, leupeptin, a low-molecular-weight proteinase inhibitor, was administered intraperitoneally to acutely uremic rats. 24 h after bilateral nephrectomy, leupeptin-treated animals displayed significantly lowered serum urea levels (-32%), and hence decreased urea-N appearances (-39%) as compared to untreated uremic rats. As a sign of muscle protein breakdown, plasma levels of Nt methylhistidine, an indicator of myofibrillar protein degradation, were also decreased (-35%) in the uremic animals treated with leupeptin as compared to untreated uremic rats. Finally, leupeptin treatment resulted in a significant inhibition of the myofibrillar alkaline proteinase activity, a proteinase which has been related to various catabolic conditions. These findings suggest that the increased muscle protein breakdown in uremia is caused by enhanced activity of muscular proteinases and that antiproteolytic agents display favourable effects on the enhanced protein degradation observed in acute uremia. PMID- 3173268 TI - [Evaluation of plasma fibronectin levels in type I diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3173269 TI - [Proposal of an orthostasis test for evaluating systemic arterial pressure. Its use for revealing unrecognized slight juvenile hypertension]. PMID- 3173270 TI - [Ciclopiroxolamine in cutaneous mycoses in childhood]. PMID- 3173271 TI - [Torsion of the spermatic cord in utero. Description of a clinical case in the neonatal period]. PMID- 3173272 TI - [Domestic poisoning in childhood. Responsibility of the nuclear family and juridical implications]. PMID- 3173274 TI - [Aneurysm of the vein of Galen. Diagnostic-therapeutic approach in 3 cases]. PMID- 3173273 TI - [Clinical course of 76 cases of acute meningococcal infection admitted to the Children's Hospital of Trento from 1966 to 1986]. PMID- 3173276 TI - [Hypomelanosis of Ito]. PMID- 3173275 TI - [Pulmonitis caused by aspiration of hydrocarbons. Histological and ultrastructural study of a case in childhood]. PMID- 3173277 TI - [Palmar ridge count. Heredity and clinical applications]. PMID- 3173278 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of varicella encephalitis]. PMID- 3173279 TI - [Our experience with suprapubic urinary drainage using Bonanno's catheter in the correction of hypospadias]. PMID- 3173280 TI - [Postoperative complications of adenotonsillectomy]. PMID- 3173281 TI - [Facio-femoral syndrome. Description of a case with monolateral femoral hypoplasia]. PMID- 3173282 TI - [Inhalation of foreign bodies. Frequent occurrence in chronic-recurrent respiratory pathology in children]. PMID- 3173283 TI - [Type-C brachydactyly]. PMID- 3173284 TI - [Isolated eosinophilic granuloma of the bone. Description of a clinical case with atypical course]. PMID- 3173285 TI - [Extrauterine abdominal pregnancy. Clinical and psychological follow-up of a case]. PMID- 3173286 TI - Changes of plasma testosterone, estradiol and prolactin levels in severe adult onset obesity. PMID- 3173288 TI - A hospital executive with a fair view of the future. Interview by Richard L. Reece. PMID- 3173287 TI - [Is nifedipine diabetogenic?]. PMID- 3173289 TI - The realities and politics of rationing care, or out of the freying pan and into the fire. Interview by Richard L. Reece. PMID- 3173290 TI - Starting a pediatric practice. The second time around. PMID- 3173291 TI - A house--and a home--for kidney patients. PMID- 3173292 TI - Percutaneous discectomy. A new day-surgical method for herniated lumbar discs. PMID- 3173293 TI - Lumbar disc herniation. How does the choice of treatment affect the cost of care? PMID- 3173294 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus diseases in Minnesota. Medical care and related health services. PMID- 3173295 TI - [Bruxism: rehabilitation and control on the basis of neuro-muscular principles]. PMID- 3173296 TI - [Keratoacanthoma of the nose]. PMID- 3173297 TI - [Recurrence of an ameloblastoma in the context of the parotid. Report of a case]. PMID- 3173299 TI - [The onlay-inlay bridge]. PMID- 3173298 TI - [Odontomas: radiological surprises]. PMID- 3173300 TI - [The use of minifixers-compressors in the treatment of fractures of the mandible. Indications and methods]. PMID- 3173301 TI - [Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of nimesulide in various odonto stomatologic pathologies]. PMID- 3173302 TI - [Submandibular sialoadenectomy and long-term results]. PMID- 3173304 TI - [A rare case of Torulopsis glabrata in a patient with AIDS]. PMID- 3173303 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS]. PMID- 3173305 TI - [AIDS: medico-legal problems in the odontostomatology area]. PMID- 3173306 TI - [Myositis ossificans circumscripta of the masseter muscle]. PMID- 3173307 TI - [Psoriasis of the prolabium. Clinical note]. PMID- 3173308 TI - [The child and stomatological reality]. PMID- 3173309 TI - [Correlation of acid-base balance of the saliva, oral hygiene and state of dentition in smoking and non-smoking patients]. PMID- 3173310 TI - [Mode and site of bone remodelling in the glenoid cavity of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3173311 TI - [Gardner syndrome. Clinico-statistical study on 2 affected families. Further contribution]. PMID- 3173312 TI - [Oral pemphigus. Diagnostic problems]. PMID- 3173313 TI - [A plugging method for maxillary cysts of large size with powders of deproteinized teeth]. PMID- 3173314 TI - [Radical cystectomy with secondary epithelialization. Considerations and personal experience]. PMID- 3173315 TI - [Therapy of carcinomas of the oro-maxillo-facial region. I. Carcinomas of the mobile part of the tongue]. PMID- 3173316 TI - [Therapy of carcinomas of the oro-maxillo-facial region. II. Carcinomas of the floor of the mouth]. PMID- 3173317 TI - [Fluoride in the drinking water in the Province of Bari]. PMID- 3173318 TI - [Epidemiologic study in a Turin high-school]. PMID- 3173320 TI - Ribavirin: ready for RSV season. PMID- 3173319 TI - [Oral amoxicillin 1g b.i.d vs 1g t.i.d. in the treatment of oral periodontitis. Randomized and double-blind pilot trial]. PMID- 3173321 TI - Concerns of parents of low birthweight infants following hospital discharge: a report of parent-initiated telephone calls. PMID- 3173322 TI - Waiting in the night. PMID- 3173323 TI - Standardized nursing care plan for the open-heart surgery neonate. PMID- 3173324 TI - Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring: description and clinical application. PMID- 3173325 TI - Socialization of newborn intensive care unit nurses through the use of mentorship. PMID- 3173326 TI - Official abstracts of papers o the XIII International Congress of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (ICACI). October 16-21, 1988, Montreux, Switzerland. PMID- 3173327 TI - A message from MSAA. PMID- 3173328 TI - The evolution of emergency medicine. PMID- 3173329 TI - Salute to emergency medicine physicians. PMID- 3173330 TI - Difficulties in emergency airway management. PMID- 3173331 TI - Transtruncal impalement. The surgical strategy. PMID- 3173332 TI - Cloned muscarinic receptor subtypes expressed in A9 L cells differ in their coupling to electrical responses. AB - The electrophysiological responses to cholinergic stimulation of four cloned muscarinic receptor subtypes (m1-m4) were studied in A9 L cells transfected with the expression plasmids of each of the different subtypes, using the tight-seal whole-cell recording technique. Cells transfected with m1 and m3 muscarinic receptor subtypes were hyperpolarized by acetylcholine (ACh), whereas m2- and m4 transfected cells did not respond to ACh concentrations of up to 1 mM. Stimulation of both m1 and m3 muscarinic receptor subtypes evoked outward currents in cells voltage-clamped at -50 mV, associated with an increase in membrane conductance. These outward currents were blocked by atropine but not by tubocurarine. The ACh-induced currents of m1- and m3-transfected cells primarily involved potassium ions, although chloride ions also contributed to a minor extent. The potassium and chloride conductances were blocked by barium or cobalt and by buffering the intracellular calcium to low levels with 5 mM 1,2-bis(2 aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N'N'-tetraacetic acid, showing a dependence of these conductances on calcium. Thus, m1- and m3-transfected cells respond to ACh in a manner that is qualitatively similar, evoking calcium-dependent potassium and chloride conductances, whereas m2- and m4-transfected cells are not coupled to electrically detectable responses in A9 L cells. PMID- 3173333 TI - 2-Bromo-(diglutathion-S-yl)hydroquinone nephrotoxicity: physiological, biochemical, and electrochemical determinants. AB - 2-Bromo-(diglutathion-S-yl)hydroquinone [2-Br-(diGSyl)HQ] causes severe necrosis of the proximal renal tubules in the rat, elevations in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and increased urinary excretion of protein, glucose, and lactate dehydrogenase. In contrast, 2-Br-3-(GSyl)HQ, 2-Br-5-(GSyl)HQ, and 2-Br-6-(GSyl)HQ caused differentially less toxicity than the diglutathionyl conjugate. None of these conjugates had any apparent effect on liver pathology and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase remained within the normal range. Pretreatment of rats with probenecid, an organic anion transport inhibitor, offered only slight protection against 2-Br-(diGSyl)HQ-mediated elevations in BUN, proteinuria, or glucosuria. In contrast, quinine, an organic cation transport inhibitor, potentiated the nephrotoxicity of 2-Br-(di-GSyl)HQ. Thus, in contrast to other nephrotoxic sulfur conjugates, probenecid-sensitive organic ion transport systems do not contribute to the kidney-specific toxicity of 2-Br-(diGSyl)HQ. However, inhibition of renal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase by AT-125 completely protected rats from the nephrotoxic effects of 2-Br-(diGSyl)HQ. Aminooxyacetic acid, an inhibitor of cysteine conjugate beta-lyase, caused a 20-25% decrease in 2-Br-(diGSyl)HQ mediated elevations in BUN and urinary excretion parameters. The isomeric 35S conjugates covalently bound to rat kidney 10,000 x g homogenate in the order 2-Br 6-(GSyl)HQ greater than 2-Br-5-(GSyl)HQ greater than 2-Br-3-(GSyl)HQ greater than 2-Br-(diGSyl)HQ. AT-125 (0.4 mM) decreased covalent binding by 25%, 17%, 33%, and 28%, respectively. Aminooxyacetic acid (0.1 mM) inhibited covalent binding by 26%, 10%, 17%, and 17% respectively. Ascorbic acid (1.0 mM) inhibited covalent binding by 63%, 87%, 62%, and 28%, respectively, and this inhibition correlated, inversely, with the redox potential of the conjugates. Thus, the covalent binding is mediated preferentially by oxidation of the quinol moiety, although the formation of reactive thiols cannot be excluded. In addition, the initial conjugation of 2-BrHQ with GSH does not result in the formation of a less redox active species. However, the subsequent addition of a second molecule of GSH results in the formation of a more redox-stable compound, which, paradoxically, enhances toxicity. The metabolism of 2-Br-(diGSyl)HQ by renal proximal tubular gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and trans-membrane transport of the cysteine conjugate(s) followed by oxidation of the quinol moiety is probably responsible for the target organ toxicity of this compound. PMID- 3173334 TI - (R)-(-)-[77Br]4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine labels a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine binding site in brain membranes. AB - (R)-(-)-[77Br]4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine [(R)-(-)-[77Br] DOB] was synthesized to a high specific activity (1875 +/- 50 Ci/mmol) and used to label membrane-associated recognition sites in rat brain. (R)-(-)-[77Br]DOB displayed high affinity (KD = 0.60 +/- 0.08 nM) for a relatively low density of binding sites (Bmax = 1.2 +/- 0.08 pmol/g of tissue) in rat cortical membranes as compared with [3H]ketanserin (KD = 0.65 +/- 0.1 nM; Bmax = 6.2 +/- 0.6 pmol/g of tissue). Guanine, but not adenine, nucleotides were found to inhibit specific (R) (-)-[77Br]DOB binding. GTP (10(-4) M) did not eliminate specific (R)-(-) [77Br]DOB binding but caused a competitive inhibition of the radioligand. Drug competition studies of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and related agents indicate that both putative agonists and antagonists display nanomolar potency for these sites. A significant correlation (p less than 0.01) exists between drug potencies for (R)-(-)-[77Br]DOB-labeled sites and both 5-HT2 (r = 0.64) and 5-HT1C (r = 0.68) binding sites. However, the sites do not appear to be identical. Moreover, a significant correlation exists between drug potencies for (R)-(-)-[77Br]DOB labeled sites and human hallucinogenic drug potencies (r = 0.89; p less than 0.01). We conclude that (R)-(-)-[77Br]DOB labels a unique 5-HT recognition site in rat brain that does not coincide with previously described 5-HT binding site subtypes. The (R)-(-)-[77Br]DOB site does not appear to be a high affinity "state" of the 5-HT2 receptor but may label a subset of heterogeneous 5-HT2 recognition sites. PMID- 3173335 TI - Comparative cytotoxic effects of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine and two dimethylated analogues. AB - N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), a reactive metabolite of acetaminophen, has previously been shown to be toxic to hepatocytes freshly isolated from rat liver [Mol. Pharmacol. 28:306-311 (1985)] NAPQI arylates and oxidizes cellular thiols, and either one or both reactions may be important in the pathogenesis of cytotoxicity. Two dimethylated analogues of NAPQI, N-acetyl-3,5-dimethyl-p benzoquinone imine (3,5-diMeNAPQI) and N-acetyl-2,6-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone imine (2,6-diMeNAPQI), were prepared to determine whether one reaction might be more damaging to cells than the other. Of the three quinone imines, the least potent cytotoxin to rat hepatocytes was 3,5-diMeNAPQI. However, the cytotoxicity of 3,5 diMeNAPQI was markedly enhanced by pretreatment of cells with 1,3-bis-(2 chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea, which inhibits glutathione reductase. Reactions of 3,5-diMeNAPQI with GSH, both chemically and in hepatocytes, indicated that this quinone imine primarily oxidized thiols. These findings were corroborated by results of covalent binding experiments, which showed that radiolabeled 3,5 diMeNAPQI bound only to a small extent to hepatocyte proteins. On the other hand, 2,6-diMeNAPQI, the most potent cytotoxin of the three quinone imines that was investigated bound extensively to hepatocyte proteins. In addition, 2,6-diMeNAPQI reacted with GSH, both chemically and in hepatocytes, to form significant amounts of GSSG. Reduction products of NAPQI and its dimethylated analogues were not important contributors to cytotoxicity or GSSG formation based on the following results: 1) the quinone imines did not increase oxygen consumption by hepatocytes nor did they lead to oxygen uptake in solution; 2) dicoumarol, an inhibitor of the reductase, DT-diaphorase, had no effect on cytotoxicity caused by the quinone imines. Evidence for the involvement of ipso-adducts of the quinone imines in their reactions with cellular thiols is provided by results of investigations on the effects of DTT on the metabolism, covalent protein binding, and cytotoxic effects of the quinone imines. PMID- 3173336 TI - Evidence for the involvement of sulfhydryl compounds in the inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis by selenite. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that selenite inhibits cellular DNA synthesis. We have now found that endogenous cellular sulfhydryl compounds are involved in this effect of selenite. Treatment of cells with diethylmaleate, which produces a nonspecific depletion of cellular sulfhydryl compounds, resulted in a significant decrease in the sensitivity of DNA synthesis to inhibition by selenite. This decrease was eliminated by exogenous cysteine, but not by cystine. Similarly, DNA synthesis in nuclei isolated from diethylmaleate-treated cells was much less sensitive to inhibition by selenite than was synthesis in nuclei isolated from control cells. In contrast, treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, which specifically depletes the cells of glutathione, had no effect on the inhibition of DNA synthesis by selenite, indicating that cellular glutathione is not involved in the inhibition. Nevertheless, glutathione is able to compensate to some extent for the decreased level of sulfhydryl compounds in nuclei isolated from DEM-treated cells (although not as well as cysteine). Thus, although glutathione is able to potentiate the inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis by selenite, it apparently does not function in this capacity in the cell. PMID- 3173337 TI - 1,3-(2-Chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea potentiates the toxicity of acetaminophen both in the phenobarbital-induced rat and in hepatocytes cultured from such animals. AB - The toxicity of acetaminophen was studied in hepatocytes cultured from phenobarbital-induced male rats. Such cells were less sensitive to acetaminophen than similar ones cultured from animals induced with 3-methylcholanthrene. In both cases, the toxicity of acetaminophen depended on its metabolism. Inhibition of glutathione reductase with 1,3-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) potentiated the toxicity of acetaminophen in the presence or absence of 100 mM acetone, an agent that activates the mixed function oxidation of the toxin. BCNU enhanced the rate and extent of the depletion of GSH in the presence or absence of acetone. Pretreatment of the hepatocytes with the ferric iron chelator deferoxamine or addition to the culture medium of the antioxidant N,N'-diphenyl-p phenylenediamine prevented the toxicity of acetaminophen in the presence of BCNU whether or not there was acetone in the cultures. BCNU similarly potentiated the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in the intact, phenobarbital-induced rat. These data indicate that the mechanism of the killing of hepatocytes induced with phenobarbital is similar to that reported previously with hepatocytes prepared from animals induced with 3-methylcholanthrene. In both cases it would seem that the liver cells are killed by acetaminophen as a result of an oxidative stress that accompanies the metabolism of this hepatotoxin. PMID- 3173338 TI - A whole-cell patch clamp technique which minimizes cell dialysis. AB - A variant of the whole-cell patch clamp technique is described which allows measurement of whole-cell ionic currents in small cells while minimizing cell dialysis with the pipette solution. The technique involves the application of negative pressure to the inside of small (less than 1 micron) tip diameter pipettes placed on the cell surface to achieve high resistance seals and membrane rupture. The technique has been used successfully in a variety of different types of cells to study membrane currents carried by Ca and K, currents generated by exchange carriers as well as electrical coupling between cells. Overall, the technique seems well suited for the study of ionic currents in small cells, and provides an alternative to conventional patch clamping techniques which necessitate intracellular dialysis. PMID- 3173340 TI - Whole-cell voltage clamp and intracellular perfusion technique on single smooth muscle cells. AB - Using freshly isolated single smooth muscle cells prepared by collagenase treatment, membrane currents were recorded by whole-cell voltage clamp. Intracellular constituents were modified by using an intracellular perfusion technique, i.e., pipette solutions were continuously exchanged from control to test solutions during current recording. In smooth muscle cells, intracellular application of ATP, but not cyclic AMP, enhanced the amplitude of Ca2+ currents and prevented current run-down. In addition, with this stabilization of Ca2+ current recording by ATP, introduction of various chemicals into the cell using the intracellular perfusion technique is useful for investigations of regulation of ion channels in smooth muscle cells. PMID- 3173339 TI - Macroscopic Ca2+ -Na+ and K+ currents in single heart and aortic cells. AB - The whole-cell voltage clamp technique was used to study the slow inward currents and K+ outward currents in single heart cells of embryonic chick and in rabbit aortic cells. In single heart cells of 3-day-old chick embryo three types of slow inward Na+ currents were found. The kinetics and the pharmacology of the slow INa were different from those of the slow ICa in older embryos. Two types of slow inward currents were found in aortic single cells of rabbit; angiotensin II increased the sustained type and d-cAMP and d-cGMP decreased the slow transient component. Two types of outward K+ currents were found in both aortic and heart cells. Single channel analysis demonstrated the presence of a high single K+ channel conductance in aortic cells. In cardiac and vascular smooth muscles, slow inward currents do share some pharmacological properties, although the regulation of these channels by cyclic nucleotides and several drugs seems to be different. PMID- 3173341 TI - Subtypes of dorsal root ganglion neurons based on different inward currents as measured by whole-cell voltage clamp. AB - Electrophysiological and pharmacological properties distinguished subtypes of adult mammalian dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGn) in monolayer dissociated cell culture. By analogy of action potential waveform and duration, neurons with short duration (SDn) and long duration (LDn) action potentials resembled functionally distinct subtypes of DRGn in intact ganglia. Patch clamp and conventional intracellular recording techniques were combined here to elucidate differences in the ionic basis of excitability of subtypes of DRGn in vitro. Both SDn and LDn were quiescent at the resting potential. Action potentials of SDn were brief (less than 2 msec), sensitive to tetrodotoxin (TTX, 5-10 nM), exhibited damped firing during long depolarizations, and did not respond to algesic agents applied by pressure ejection. Action potentials of LDn were 2-6 msec in duration, persisted in 30 microM TTX, and fired repetitively during depolarizing current pulses or exposure to algesic agents (e.g., capsaicin, histamine and bradykinin). Whole-cell recordings from freshly dissociated neurons revealed two inward sodium currents (INa; variable with changes in sodium but not calcium concentration in the superfusate) in various proportions: a rapidly activating and inactivating, TTX-sensitive current; and, a slower, TTX (30 microM)-resistant INa. Large neurons, presumable SDn, had predominantly TTX-sensitive current and little TTX resistant current. The predominant inward current of small neurons, presumably LDn, was TTX-resistant with a smaller TTX-sensitive component. By analogy to findings from intact ganglia, these results suggest that fundamentally different ionic currents controlling excitability of subtypes of DRGn in vitro may contribute to functional differences between subtypes of neurons in situ. PMID- 3173342 TI - Application of percolation theory principles to the analysis of interaction of adenylate cyclase complex proteins in cell membranes. AB - Lateral protein movement in cell membranes takes place in a medium with 'obstacles'. These obstacles are: (a) aggregates of major integral proteins immobilized by submembranous structures and cytoskeleton, and (b) membrane lipids in the gel phase. Hormonal activation of the adenylate cyclase complex is associated with lateral mobility of the constiutent proteins. Modification of the interaction of these proteins due to variation of the 'fluid' lipid fraction in reticulocyte membranes has been studied. A decrease in the percentage of 'fluid' lipids in membranes resulted in the inhibition (up to the full cessation) of the interaction of beta-adrenoreceptors with regulatory NS-proteins. The interaction of NS-proteins with catalytic proteins stopped as well. On the other hand, an increase in the 'fluid' lipid fraction led to a more intensive interaction. These facts do not arise from the functional damage of interacting proteins. Consequently, hormonal activation of the adenylate cyclase complex depends on the fraction of 'fluid' lipids in the membrane. The data obtained are in conformity with the percolation theory which makes it possible to characterize long-distance protein movement in a medium ('fluid' lipids) containing obstacles. Thus, interacting proteins prove to diffuse within distances greatly exceeding protein sizes. As a consequence, the intrinsic activity of a beta-agonist, isoproterenol, varies from 1 to 0 depending on the 'fluid' lipid fraction. Our findings also suggest that in vitro there are no beta-receptors precoupled with NS-proteins in rat reticulocyte membranes in the absence of guanine nucleotides. PMID- 3173343 TI - Changes to the integral membrane protein composition of mouse liver peroxisomes in response to the peroxisome proliferators clofibrate, Wy-14,643 and di(2-ethyl hexyl)phthalate. AB - Peroxisomes were purified from livers of control mice and from mice treated with three agents which induce proliferation of hepatic peroxisomes - namely two structurally unrelated hypolipidemic drugs, clofibrate (ethyl-alpha-p chlorophenoxyisobutyrate) and Wy-14,643 (4-chloro-6[2,3-xylidino)-2 pyrimidinylthio]acetic acid), and a plasticizer, DEHP (di-(2 ethylhexyl)phthalate). Membranes were isolated from these purified peroxisomes and analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. All membranes which were tested, displayed two predominant integral membrane proteins of apparent molecular weights of 68 kDa and 70 kDa respectively, as well as a number of minor components. Treatment of animals with clofibrate, Wy-14,643 and DEHP was observed to result in each case in an increased proportion of the 70 kDa protein in the peroxisomal membranes. These treatments also resulted in increased peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in livers and an increase in the proportion of catalase activity in the cytosolic fraction of liver cells. These results have been discussed in relation to alterations in the molecular composition of the membranes, the mechanisms of peroxisome proliferation and the inducibility of peroxisomal membrane proteins. PMID- 3173344 TI - Interactions between cations in modifying the binding of hexokinases I and II to mitochondria. AB - Interactions between cations in modifying the binding of hexokinases I and II to mitochondria was examined with reference to the intracellular condition. Mitochondria-binding of either of hexokinases I and II, both prepared from mouse ascites ELD cells, was markedly increased by Mg2+ as has been known well. However, even in the absence of Mg2+, marked binding was attained by 100 mM K+ alone especially for hexokinase I, which seemed generally more ready to bind to mitochondria. On the other hand, the effect of Mg2+ to increase the binding was reduced by the addition of K+, and the decreasing effect of K+ was much more marked for hexokinase II than I. These results indicate that, in addition to Mg2+, monovalent cations as represented by K+, also have marked effect on the binding, and the effect is different for each hexokinases I and II, which may be responsible for the difference in the intracellular distribution between these hexokinases. PMID- 3173345 TI - Characterization of a tetrameric G4 form of acetylcholinesterase from bovine brain: a comparison with the dimeric G2 form of the electric organ. AB - Globular forms (G forms) of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are formed by monomers, dimers and tetramers of the catalytic subunits (G1, G2 and G4). In this work the hydrophobic G2 and G4 AChE forms were purified to homogeneity from Discopyge electric organ and bovine caudate nucleus and studied from different points of view, including: velocity sedimentation, affinity to lectins and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing and non-reducing conditions. The polypeptide composition of Discopyge electric organ G2 is similar to Torpedo, however the pattern of the brain G4 AChE is much complex. Under non-reducing conditions the catalytic subunit possesses a molecular weight of 65 kDa, however this value increases to 68 kDa after reduction, suggesting that intrachain disulfide bonds are important in the folding of the catalytic subunits of the AChE. Also it was found that after mild proteolysis; the (125I)-TID-20 kDa fragment decreased its molecular weight to approximately 10 kDa with little loss of AChE activity. Finally, we suggest a model for the organization of the different domains of the hydrophobic anchor fragment of the G4 form. PMID- 3173347 TI - Adriamycin-induced leakage of lysosomal enzymes in vitro. AB - Chronic treatment of rats with adriamycin has been shown to affect myocardial lysosomes as well as enzyme activities in the serum fraction. In this study, we examined in vitro effects of adriamycin (10(-6) to 10(-3) M) on the lysosomal fraction isolated from rat ventricular tissue. Morphological examination revealed that the isolated fraction was mainly vesicular in nature. Higher concentrations of adriamycin (10(-3) M) caused a significant loss of acid phosphatase and N acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase activity from the lysosomal vesicles. The enzyme leakage was not accompanied by any intravesicular localization of lanthanum, an extravesicular electron dense tracer. Preincubation of lysosomal vesicles with 10 micrograms/ml superoxide dismutase did not protect against adriamycin-induced loss of lysosomal enzymes. The study shows that adriamycin induces loss of lysosomal enzymes in vitro and the superoxide radical may not be involved in this change. PMID- 3173346 TI - Further purification and partial characterization of the rat lung cytoplasmic factors modulating adenylate cyclase activity in plasma membrane. AB - The adult rat lung cytoplasm contains some factors which markedly stimulate adenylate cyclase activity in plasma membranes (Nijjar, M.S. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 584:43-50, 1979). Adenylate cyclase activator (ACA) was purified from rat lungs by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, preparative isoelectric focusing and by repeated high-performance liquid chromatography on a Sepharogel TSK 2000SW column. The final preparation showed about 200 fold purification in ACA activity over the original lung supernatant, and appeared to be homogeneous on the basis of its migration into a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and co-elution of ACA activity with protein from a gel exclusion column. ACA is an acidic (pI 4.8 +/- 0.1), heat labile, monomeric protein of 40,000 +/- 2,000 dalton molecular weight, and does not resemble calmodulin. PMID- 3173348 TI - Effect of lipid peroxidation on heart mitochondria oxygen consuming and calcium transporting capacities. AB - The incubation of rabbit heart mitochondria in the presence of ferrous ions induced lipid peroxidation which was accompanied by a reduction of mitochondrial respiratory capacity and Ca++ transport. The effects were more evident, when pyruvate was employed as respiratory substrate, and were partially prevented by catalase, while superoxide dismutase was ineffective. PMID- 3173349 TI - Dissociation of the metabolic from the contractile response to muscarinic stimulation in the rabbit urinary bladder. AB - The calcium dependence of contraction and NADH fluorescence was investigated in rabbit bladder stimulated with bethanechol or KCl. The absence of calcium in the bathing solution induced a rightward shift in the dose response to bethanechol for both contraction and NADH fluorescence. The contractile response was shifted to a greater degree than the fluorescence response and the maximal response to bethanechol was reduced by 80% for contraction but only 20% for NADH fluorescence. This rightward shift was also induced by the benzothiazepine calcium antagonist diltiazem (200 microM) and again the contractile response was shifted significantly more than the fluorescence response. The combination of zero calcium and 200 microM diltiazem virtually abolished contractions but only inhibited the NADH fluorescence by 65% at maximally effective bethanechol concentrations. Unlike the effect of diltiazem on the response to bethanechol, diltiazem (200 microM) shifted both the contraction and fluorescence curves to the right equally in response to KCl stimulation. These results indicate that a metabolic response to muscarinic stimulation (decreased NADH) can occur in the absence of any observable contractile response. This metabolic response may be due to post receptor signal processing events. For KCl stimulation, the NADH response is probably secondary to and a result of the contractile response. PMID- 3173351 TI - Counter-current distribution of sonicated inside-out thylakoid vesicles. AB - Inside-out thylakoid vesicles were isolated from spinach chloroplasts, and fragmented by sonication. Different fragments were separated by counter-current distribution and analyzed for chlorophyll and P700. The inside-out vesicles had a chlorophyll a/b ratio of 2.2-2.4 (original chloroplasts 2.8-3.0). After further fragmentation of the inside-out vesicles by sonication and separation by countercurrent distribution three populations of vesicles were obtained having chlorophyll a/b ratios of 1.7, 1.9 and 2.5 respectively. The P-700 was depleted in fractions with lower chlorophyll a/b ratio and was nearly absent in the fraction having a chlorophyll a/b ratio of 1.7 (chlorophyll/P700 greater than 4500 mol/mol). That PSII membrane vesicles, with such a low chlorophyll a/b ratio and lacking PSI, can be prepared by a non-detergent method provides strong support for the notion that PSI and PSII are segregated along the thylakoid membrane. A plot of P700 per chlorophyll against chlorophyll b/(a + b) fits a straight line connecting the pure PSI membrane (chlorophyll a/b = 6; P700/chlorophyll = 5.6 mmol/mol) with the pure PSII membrane (chlorophyll a/b = 1.7; P700 = 0). These two membranes can be considered as separate phases of a two dimensional phase system. Models for the thylakoid membrane are discussed. PMID- 3173350 TI - Chemical modification of the actin binding site of rabbit muscle aldolase by diethylpyrocarbonate. AB - To extend the available information on the significance of the interactions between glycolytic enzymes and the actin component of the cellular ultrastructure, investigations into the compositional characteristics of the actin binding site on one of the major glycolytic enzymes, aldolase, have been undertaken. As the electrostatic nature of the association has been previously reported indicative of a cationic region on the enzyme involved in the binding, these studies have investigated the possibility of the involvement of histidine residues in this binding region. By the use of the histidine specific reagent, diethylpyrocarbonate, we have been able to establish a difference in nature of an actin binding domain and the active site domain which does contain an essential histidine. The results have been discussed in relation to the significance of this finding with respect to the binding of aldolase to subcellular structure. PMID- 3173352 TI - Estrogen induces expression of c-fos and c-myc protooncogenes in rat uterus. AB - Estrogen stimulates DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in the luminal and glandular epithelia of rodent uterus. We tested the hypothesis that the mitogenic effect of estrogen occurs via activation of the expression of cellular proto oncogenes by measuring the rate of transcription of 20 proto-oncogenes (abl, bas, erb-A, erb-B, ets, fms, fos, fps/fes, mos, myb, myc, N-myc, raf, Ha-ras, Ki-ras, N-ras, rel, sis, src, and B-lym) in the uterus of ovariectomized rats before and after injection of estrogen. c-onc transcriptional activity was monitored both by an in vitro transcription assay on isolated nuclei (run-on) and by analysis of mature mRNA. c-fos and c-myc proto-oncogenes were found to respond to estrogen with increased expression: c-fos within 30 min, with a first, sharp peak at 2 h and c-myc within 1.5 h, with a first, broad peak at 4-6 h. DNA synthesis start to increase in the uterus 13 h after estrogen injection and show a first peak at 24 h. In the liver and muscle of the same animals there is neither elevation of c fos and c-myc expression nor increase of DNA synthesis. The kinetics of the induction by estrogen of c-fos gene expression in the uterus parallels the rate of formation of active nuclear estrogen-receptor complex. Furthermore, the ability of estrogen to induce c-fos mRNA was not abolished by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3173353 TI - Porcine thyroid peroxidase: relationship between the native enzyme and an active, highly purified tryptic fragment. AB - We previously described the preparation of highly purified porcine thyroid peroxidase by a procedure that involved initial solubilization of the enzyme with trypsin plus detergent. Recently, the complete amino acid sequence of porcine thyroid peroxidase (TPO) was determined by cDNA cloning, and it became of interest to compare the structure of the purified trypsin-solubilized enzyme with that of the native enzyme. For this purpose we employed antibodies to the purified enzyme and to two synthetic peptides representing defined regions of the protein. We also obtained N-terminal amino acid sequence data on TPO fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. Trypsin cleavage sites in the purified enzyme were observed after arg residues 109 and 561, and also at two undetermined sites close to the putative membrane spanning region at the carboxyl end. Major fragments of approximately 60, 32, and 29 kilodaltons were observed when the purified enzyme was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. This observation is explained by assuming that the cleavage site after arg residue 561 occurred within a disulfide loop. The Mr of the trypsin-solubilized enzyme is approximately 88,000 compared to approximately 106,000 for the native enzyme. The difference can be accounted for by the loss of approximately 90 residues from the amino terminus and of at least 80 residues from the carboxyl end. Despite the loss of these fragments totaling approximately 18 kilodaltons and cleavage of the peptide bond after arg residue 561, the purified trypsin-solubilized TPO appears to retain full enzyme activity. PMID- 3173354 TI - Activation of complement by human serum IgA, secretory IgA and IgA1 fragments. AB - Activation of the complement (C) system by human IgA was studied. Both subclasses of IgA, IgA1 and IgA2, and secretory IgA were shown to activate C, as determined by deposition of C3 on glutaraldehyde-activated microwells coated with IgA. The activation of the C system occurred in the presence of MgEGTA and not in D deficient serum. In addition to C3, deposition of properdin (P) but not of C4 was detected. These results indicate that C activation, as determined by measuring deposition of C3 and P, occurred by the alternative pathway (AP). The data further show that the major part of the hinge region, which is deleted in IgA2 as compared with IgA1 and which forms the major structural difference between the two subclasses, is not involved in C activation. Reduction and alkylation destroyed the ability of IgA to activate C, as has also been demonstrated for IgG. In order to define the C activating region of the IgA molecule, several fragments of IgA1 were tested. The four-chain molecules F(ab')2 and F(abc)2 were shown to activate the AP. No activation was observed with the two-chain fragments Fab and Fc. The Fc fragment of IgA also did not activate the CP, as does the Fc fragment of IgG. This indicates that activation of the AP of C by IgA is dependent on the presence of the F(ab')2 fragment. IN CONCLUSION: human IgA does activate C by the AP. This activation requires an intact F(ab')2 fragment. PMID- 3173355 TI - IgM anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies specific for buried and neo-antigens using cellular-ELISA assays. AB - The aim was to develop a cellular-ELISA assay to detect natural autoantibodies specific for bromelain-treated mouse red blood cells (BrMRBC). High, unexpected IgM titres against normal mouse red blood cells (NMRBC) were detected in day 7-14 sera of CBA mice treated with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These "autoantibodies" bound to normal mouse red blood cells in the presence or absence of commonly used c-ELISA adhering agents. Such high reactivity to NMRBC was never detected using complement dependent haemolytic assays in earlier work in this system. The question whether these IgM alpha-NMRBC molecules were binding nonspecifically (via Fc) or specifically (via Fab) was answered indirectly by comparing the binding titres of LPS-stimulated serum and several purified IgM antibody preparations (alpha-PC, alpha-KLH, MOPC 104E) on the same antigen coated plates. The observed binding ratios (titre on antigen X: titre on NMRBC) varied widely between different antibody sources, indicative of specific binding. In addition no significant unequivocal binding against NMRBC could be detected in vivo (LPS-stimulated mice) nor could bound IgM antibody be detected in a suspension-c-ELISA assay (high binding titres to BrMRBC could be detected in the latter test system). In conventional c-ELISA assays, modification of normal erythrocyte by adhesion to plastic microtitre plates appears to expose or create "neoantigens" on NMRBC which are not encountered in suspension-type c-ELISA, nor in lytic or agglutination assays where the erythrocyte targets are in suspension at physiological pH and isotonicity. PMID- 3173356 TI - Which value of antigenic valency should be used in antibody avidity calculations with multivalent antigens? AB - The calculation of antibody avidity for multivalent antigens requires the experimental determination of the antigenic valency by extrapolation of Scatchard plots of the type f/d versus f. At any ratio of the reactants, the antigenic valency corresponds to the maximum number of antibody molecules that can be bound simultaneously. In spite of the steric hindrance effect that is prevalent with multivalent antigens, the antigenic valency is a constant parameter and not a variable influenced by the ratio of antibody to antigen. PMID- 3173358 TI - Polar fluorescein derivatives as improved substrate probes for flow cytoenzymological assay of cellular esterases. AB - Fluorescein esters are employed in assays of cell viability, membrane permeability and esterase activity. The ester most widely used, fluorescein diacetate (FDA), has the disadvantage of rapid cellular efflux of its hydrolysis product fluorescein. This is particularly problematic for flow cytoenzymology (FCE), where fluorescence is measured in individual cells allowing identification of subpopulations differing in esterase activity and/or membrane characteristics. We present a comparison of FDA with two potentially improved substrate probes for FCE, carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) and bis(carboxyethyl)-carboxyfluorescein tetra acetoxy methyl ester (BCECF-AM). Substrates were characterized in terms of reaction and product efflux kinetics in EMT6 mouse mammary tumour cells, together with inhibition kinetics for the carbamoylating agent BCNU. Intact viable cells were analysed by FCE and spectrofluorimetry, and the latter was also used for cell sonicates and purified esterase. CFDA and BCECF-AM enter cells and are hydrolysed more slowly than FDA. CFDA and FDA hydrolyses obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics with Km values of around 19 and 2 microM, respectively, whereas BCECF-AM hydrolysis deviates from this classical behaviour. BCNU (5 X 10(-4) M) inhibits FDA and BCECF-AM hydrolyses by approximately 50%, compared to 30% for CFDA. CFDA may be partly hydrolysed by membrane-bound esterases. Efflux half-lives were 16 min, 94 min and greater than 2 h for products of FDA, CFDA and BCECF-AM, respectively. We conclude that BCECF-AM is the optimal substrate probe for FCE. This study emphasizes the need to optimize various parameters when selecting a substrate for flow cytoenzymological assay or when loading other reporter fluorochromes into cells via lipophilic esters. PMID- 3173357 TI - Purification and characterisation of ovine C4: evidence for two molecular forms in ovine plasma. AB - A relatively rapid procedure is described for the isolation of the fourth component of complement (C4) from ovine plasma. The method, which recovers approximately 30% C4, is based upon DEAE Sephacel anion exchange chromatography of PEG precipitated plasminogen depleted plasma followed by cation exchange chromatography on CM Sepharose and finally gel filtration. SDS-PAGE of purified ovine C4 under reducing conditions revealed a complex pattern of bands which was interpreted on the basis of a three polypeptide chain structure for each of two distinct species, or isotypes, of C4 molecule herein termed C4A and C4B. Each isotype differs in the mol. wt of the alpha chain--108 and 95 K respectively. Nucleophilic substitution of immunoprecipitated ovine C4 with radiolabelled methylamine revealed that both C4 species contained a reactive thiol ester site and that each could be cleaved into an activated form (presumably C4b) characterised by a truncated alpha' chain some 8 K lower in mol. wt. A comparison of the isotype composition of purified C4 with that of immunoprecipitated C4 from the same animal indicated that the purification procedure favoured isolation of the C4B isotype. The mol. wts of both the alpha and beta chains were lowered following digestion of ovine C4 with neuraminidase. PMID- 3173359 TI - Creatine kinase-inhibiting monoclonal antibodies: preparation and characterization of porcine MM isoenzyme-specific antibodies. AB - Five monoclonal antibodies (CKM-B07, F12, D08, H09 and G01) against porcine creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) MM isoenzyme, which inhibit the enzymatic activity, were prepared. The hybridomas which produced monoclonal antibodies were screened by direct measurement of the inhibitory activity of their culture supernatant. Only two of them, however, were found to be measurable by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with porcine CK-MM as an antigen. CKM-G01 inhibited 100% porcine CK-MM activity, while the others, 73-87%. On the other hand, only CKM-H09 inhibited porcine CK-BB activity (15%). CKM-F12 and D08 inhibited more than 50% CK-MB activity, whereas they did not inhibit CK-BB activity. The monoclonal antibodies were also tested for bovine, rabbit and human CK-MM. All the antibodies inhibited bovine and human CK-MM activity as well. In particular, CKM-G01 was found to exhibit more than 98% inhibition of all CK-MM activity tested, indicating that a common or very similar epitope which affects the activity is present on these enzymes. Admixing of CKM-B07 with other antibodies effected synergisms in inhibition, not only to porcine CK-MM activity but also to human CK-MM activity. A mixture of CK-B07 and G01 inhibited 100% human CK-MM activity, suggesting applicability of these monoclonal antibodies to clinical laboratory diagnosis. PMID- 3173360 TI - Myasthenia gravis. First European conference. Maastricht, June 15-16, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3173361 TI - Junctional plasticity in hereditary myasthenia. PMID- 3173362 TI - Ciclosporin in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3173363 TI - Long-term effects of treatment in 374 patients with myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3173364 TI - Comparison of the results of different therapeutic measures in 198 myasthenia gravis patients. PMID- 3173365 TI - Blink reflex studies in focal dystonias: enhanced excitability of brainstem interneurons in cranial dystonia and spasmodic torticollis. AB - We have studied the orbicularis oculi reflex to paired stimuli in patients with various forms of focal dystonia and in normal controls. In normals, the conditioning stimulus (CS) facilitated the test stimulus (TS) early response (R1), but markedly inhibited the TS polysynaptic late response (R2). In all types of dystonias studied the CS facilitated the TSR1 as in normals. However, in patients with blepharospasm (alone or associated with oromandibular dystonia), spasmodic torticollis, or spasmodic dysphonia, it inhibited the TSR2 significantly less than that of the controls, with marked enhancement of the recovery curve of the late response. The TSR2 recovery curve of patients with focal arm dystonia was normal. These results are indicative of increased brainstem interneuron excitability in the various dystonias mediated by the cranial nerves, but not in focal arm dystonias such as dystonic writer's cramp. This abnormality might be caused by an abnormal input possibly from the basal ganglia upon these brainstem cells. Our results also suggest that a similar pathophysiology underlies the various focal dystonias of the head and neck. PMID- 3173366 TI - A new syndrome of axial muscle rigidity associated with etretinate therapy. AB - We report on three cases of a novel syndrome associated with treatment for psoriasis with the retinoid etretinate. The distinctive features of this syndrome include rigidity that is restricted to the axial muscles, impairment of neck extension greater than flexion, impairment of anteflexion at the waist, severe impairment of lateral flexion at both the waist and the neck, and, in one case, rigidity of proximal lower extremity muscles. Peripheral nerve block extinguished the lower extremity rigidity in one patient, and two patients had a favorable response to Sinemet. One patient had persistence of symptoms and findings 2 years after discontinuation of etretinate. The clinical features of this syndrome are consistent with an effect of etretinate on central, possible catecholaminergic neurons. PMID- 3173368 TI - Marilyn Finkler Symposium on Future Trends in Research on AIDS, Cancer and Therapies. Israel, July 1-2, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3173367 TI - Glycine involvement in DDT-induced myoclonus. AB - The DDT syndrome in rats consists of tremor, myoclonus, running seizures, hyperthermia, episodic boxing, and excessive grooming. DDT did not change whole brain glycine levels when the rats had stimulus-sensitive myoclonus, spontaneous myoclonus, or seizures. However, regional analysis showed a decrease in glycine levels in the pons and medulla initially, but they rose again despite worsening of the myoclonus. Glycine given intraventricularly and the glycine prodrug, milacemide, given intraperitoneally suppressed DDT-induced myoclonus. A dose of milacemide that prevented DDT-induced myoclonus caused a significant increase in glycine levels in cortex, septum accumbens, cerebellum, striatum, hippocampus diencephalon, midbrain, pons, and medulla. The increase was most marked in the forebrain structures. There was no change in serine levels in these areas. These data suggest that the glycinergic system may be playing an important role in the manifestation of DDT-induced myoclonus. PMID- 3173369 TI - Expression of HBV surface antigen or HIV envelope protein using recombinant adenovirus vectors. AB - Recombinant adenoviruses were constructed that contained either the HBsAg coding sequence or the HIV envelope protein coding sequence. The recombinant adenoviruses can replicate normally in cultured human cells. Cells infected with the adenovirus-HBV recombinant secreted HBsAg into the tissue culture medium. This HBsAg had immunological and physical properties similar to those of the 22 nm particles found in human serum. Expression of HIV envelope protein in cells infected with the adenovirus-HIV recombinant was demonstrated using cytoimmunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. A hamster model was developed to evaluate the immunogenic properties of adenovirus-HBV recombinants. Hamsters inoculated intranasally with live adenovirus-HBV recombinant produced antibody against both adenovirus and hepatitis B virus surface antigen. PMID- 3173370 TI - [Basic symptoms and end phenomena of schizophrenia. An empirical study of psychopathologic transitional signs between deficit and productive symptoms of schizophrenia]. PMID- 3173371 TI - [Megakaryoblastic crisis in chronic granulocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3173372 TI - [Glycogen metabolism disorders in tenotomized muscles]. PMID- 3173373 TI - [Cases of child abuse]. PMID- 3173374 TI - [Physical map of the DNA of bacteriophage tf of Pseudomonas putida]. AB - A physical map has been constructed for P. putida bacteriophage tf DNA containing single-strand breaks (nicks). Localization of cleavage sites for EcoRI, HindIII, HpaI ClaI, BamHI, SalI, XbaI and XhoI restriction endonucleases was determined. Position of single-strand breaks was mapped by electrophoretic analysis of denatured tf DNA and electron microscopy of partially denatured DNA samples. The tf genome is characterized by the presence of two classes of nicks differing in the frequency of their presence in population of bacteriophage DNA molecules. PMID- 3173376 TI - Chromosomal malsegregation and aneuploidy. PMID- 3173375 TI - [Receptor properties of the hemagglutinin of influenza virus and its polypeptide fragments]. AB - The receptor properties of influenza virus A/Kiev/59/79 R (H1N1) and a number of its polypeptide fragments containing the aminoacids (from the 1st to 272d) of the heavy chain were studied. Two kinds of radioimmunoassay were used to test hemagglutinin or its polypeptide fragment interactions with cellular receptors. The studied polypeptides and hemagglutinin are shown to be capable of specific interactions with the receptors on the cell surface. The main linear fragment of hemagglutinin recognizing cellular receptors is localized within a polypeptide fragment including 1st-272d aminoacids of the heavy chain of hemagglutinin. The breaks of all the the S-S linkages including the ones linearly and spatially close to the receptor "pocket" of the bridge 95-135 do not affect significantly the receptor properties of the polypeptide. PMID- 3173377 TI - Microtubule dynamics determine chromosome lagging and transport of acentric fragments. AB - The general direction of transport of spindle inclusions including acentric chromosome fragments during mitosis in endosperm of the higher plants Haemanthus is predictable and stage-dependent. Their segregation is random and they are usually eliminated from the spindle. This transport is superimposed on normal chromosome segregation. Thus, there are 2 superimposed mitotic transports: one which distributes kinetochores and the other which distributes spindle inclusions. The functional relation of these 2 transports to each other is not well understood. However, due to this 'non-kinetochore transport,' fragments may persist a few consecutive divisions before being permanently eliminated from the nucleus. Malfunction of kinetochores of any chromosome, resulting in the loss of their anchorage within the spindle, subjects them to 'non-kinetochore' transport and nearly certain, permanent elimination from the spindle. Additionally, experimental evidence presented here demonstrates that rapid polymerization (elongation) of microtubules may desynchronize anaphase and cause lagging of whole chromosomes. This may be one more, previously unconsidered, factor which may cause the malfunction of the kinetochore fiber and consequent elimination of one or a few chromosomes from the spindle. PMID- 3173378 TI - The in vitro porcine brain tubulin assembly assay: effects of a genotoxic carcinogen (aflatoxin B1), eight tumor promoters and nine miscellaneous substances. AB - Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) had a reversible inhibitory effect on the assembly of porcine brain tubulin in vitro. The 30%-inhibition concentration was 0.3 mM AFB1. The 8 tumor promoters showed different effects. Five of them, anthralin, cholic acid, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane, gamma-HCH), lithocholic acid and phenobarbital (PB), enhanced the in vitro assembly. The effect was reversible in the case of PB and anthralin, only partially reversible in the case of cholic acid and gamma-HCH, whereas the stimulating effects of lithocholic acid led to an irreversible modification of the tubulin structure, as shown by the insolubility of the microtubules at 0 degrees C. This could be confirmed by an electron microscopic study. The doses necessary for a 30% enhancement of the steady-state level were 3 mM (PB), 0.2 mM (anthralin), 6 mM (cholic acid), 0.7 mM (gamma-HCH) and less than 0.2 mM (lithocholic acid). The other 3 tumor promoters tested - diethylstilbestrol (DES), 4,4'-dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane (DDT) and saccharin - inhibited the assembly. The concentrations necessary for a 30% inhibition varied within a wide range: 0.025 mM, 0.4 mM and 7.5 mM for DES, DDT and saccharin, respectively. Five of the 9 miscellaneous compounds, namely asbestos (crocidolite), bavistan, colchicine, chloropropham and ethylacetate, showed inhibitory effects, whereas Fe2+ (a constituent of asbestos) and 5 azacytidine did not influence the assembly process. The 30%-inhibition concentrations for colchicine, ethylacetate and asbestos were 10 microM, 0.153 M and 0.19 mM, respectively. For bavistan and chloropropham the 30%-inhibition values were 0.7 mM and 2.0 mM, respectively. The inhibitory effects of chloropropham and asbestos were reversible. For colchicine and bavistan the reversibility of the effects was not assayed. In agreement with published data, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and acetone enhanced the in vitro assembly of porcine brain tubulin. The doses needed for a 30% enhancement by DMSO and acetone were 0.4 mM and 0.136 M, respectively. The effect of DMSO was irreversible whereas acetone led to a reversible stimulation. Some compounds were tested for their influence on preformed microtubules (interaction with the equilibrium between assembly and disassembly). Anthralin, cholic acid, PB and DMSO showed no effect on the steady-state plateau. A slight reduction was induced by DDT and bavistan, whereas DES, colchicine and chloropropham led to a pronounced reduction. PMID- 3173379 TI - The interaction of triethyl lead with tubulin and microtubules. AB - The impact of triethyl lead chloride was studied on: (i) the in vitro assembly and disassembly of microtubules from porcine brain by turbidometry and electron microscopy, (ii) the microtubule system of living mammalian cells using immunofluorescence microscopy, (iii) cell motility and chemotaxis employing the methods of phagokinetic track formation and the Boyden chamber assay, respectively, and (iv) thiol groups of the protein tubulin by their titration in the presence and absence of the organic lead compound. Triethyl lead chloride inhibited microtubule assembly and depolymerized preformed microtubules in vitro and in living cells. Random motility of cells was not markedly inhibited by triethyl lead chloride, whereas chemotaxis (directed cellular movement) was strongly inhibited. Triethyl lead chloride was found to interact with 2 thiol groups of the tubulin dimer. The interaction of triethyl lead chloride with the tubulin/microtubule system in vivo likely causes aneuploidy and is at least partly responsible for the cytotoxicity of the drug. PMID- 3173380 TI - Synaptonemal complex damage induced by clastogenic and anti-mitotic chemicals: implications for non-disjunction and aneuploidy. AB - Mice were treated with mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide, amsacrine, colchicine, or vinblastine sulfate, and meiotic prophase cells analyzed for synaptonemal complex (SC) damage. All test agents caused synaptonemal complex breakage and synapsis irregularities, although propensities for inducing specific types of damage at S phase or prophase stages varied among the chemicals. The data indicate that SC analysis can reveal chemical-specific alterations to meiotic homologue pairing/synapsis which have not generally been recognized, and which theoretically may be implicated in non-disjunction. PMID- 3173381 TI - Cytogenetic investigation of chemically-induced aneuploidy in mouse spermatocytes. AB - This paper discusses a test system in which mouse spermatocytes are analyzed for aneuploidy induction after mice are treated with various agents. Included in this report are methods and procedures of the assay, criteria for determination of aneuploidy induction, considerations for dose-response and stage-specific actions of agents that cause aneuploidy, and finally, advantages and disadvantages of this test system. PMID- 3173382 TI - Aneuploidy detection with a short-term hexaploid wheat assay. AB - A new type of assay for the identification of agents causing aneuploidy is described. This assay takes advantage of allohexaploid wheat in which monosomic and nullisomic cell lineages can be genetically detected. The wheat strain used (Neatby's virescens) was homozygous for a pair of recessive alleles (v1) which in homozygous condition interfere with normal pigmentation of the leaves at low temperature whereas at higher temperature nearly normal green color formation is permitted. In a single dose this allele cannot suppress the formation of green color even at low temperature, i.e., it is hemizygous ineffective. This locus is in the short arm of chromosome 3B near the centromere. As a consequence of non disjunction of this chromosome twin sectors may be detected, in which the monosomic cell lineages appear green whereas the trisomic sectors display with color on a cream-colored background at low temperature. This genetic system can also be used for the detection of deletions or duplications involving the short arm of chromosome 3B, and to some extent the A- and the D-genome homeologues. We have determined the pattern of differentiation of the shoot apex and on that basis we can separate the independent genetic events from reappearance of the sectors of common origin in the successive leaves. Such an understanding of development of the leaf sectors permits a quantitative estimation of the genetic response of the plants to mutagenic factors. We have found that X-rays, gamma rays, p-fluorophenylalanine, 3-aminotriazole, caffeine, vinblastin sulfate, benzo[a]pyrene and auramine significantly increased aneuploidy, and diethylstilbestrol, sulfacetamide, safrole and dichlorvos caused some increase of sectoring. Cytological data on root tips of irradiated seeds support the interpretation of the mechanism of sector formation in the leaves. The test is simple, fast, inexpensive, and it does not require elaborate facilities or highly trained technicians. The trials were well reproducible during a period of 3 years in 2 laboratories. Therefore we consider the new assay a useful complement to other tests of chemicals or physical agents that may cause non-disjunction and other chromosomal aberrations in human populations. PMID- 3173383 TI - MMS-induced primary aneuploidy and other genotoxic effects in mitotic cells of Aspergillus. AB - The possibility of more than 1 target for genotoxic effects of methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) was investigated, using mitotic test systems of the fungus Aspergillus. Haploid and diploid strains were exposed, either as dormant conidia or during mitosis, and analysed for induced aneuploidy and effects on genetic segregation. MMS treatment of haploid strains resulted in dose-dependent increases of stable mutants with altered phenotypes and semi-stable unbalanced aberrations (presumably duplications). In addition, but only in dividing cells, MMS induced unstable aneuploids. These mostly were hyperhaploid with few extra chromosomes and could be identified by comparison with standard disomic phenotypes. When well-marked diploids were treated 3 types of effect could be distinguished, using genetic and phenotypic criteria: (1) Clastogenic and mutagenic effects which caused dose-dependent increases of partial aneuploids with various abnormal phenotypes. These showed secondary genetic segregation of all types and produced euploid normal sectors by eliminating damaged chromosome segments. In addition, but only in dividing nuclei, MMS induced 2 types of segregation: (2) Reciprocal crossing-over at high frequency, recognisable as half or quarter colonies of mutant colour and in some cases as 'twin spots' (i.e., complementary pairs); (3) Trisomics and other aneuploids which showed characteristic phenotypes and expected segregation of markers: the types recovered indicate random malsegregation of chromosomes (occasional deviations resulted from coincidence with induced crossing-over). These results suggest that MMS may have 2 (or more) targets for genotoxic effects: DNA, as evident from induced mutations and aberrations, and from induced recombination in dividing cells; some non-DNA target (nucleotide or protein) essential for nuclear division and susceptible to alkylation, resulting in malsegregation and primary aneuploidy. PMID- 3173384 TI - A simple method for assessment of rat cytochrome P-448 isozymes responsible for the mutagenic activation of carcinogenic chemicals. AB - Cytochrome P-448H/L-enriched and cytochrome P-448L-enriched microsomes were prepared from the livers of Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) and with a combination of MC and carbon tetrachloride, respectively, and their activities for mediating mutagenic activation of 9 carcinogenic aromatic amines and benzo[a]pyrene, which are found to be different from cyt. P-450 isozymes as to mutagenic activation, were compared on the basis of microsomal cytochrome P-450 content using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 as a tester bacterium. With regard to the substrate-specificity of cytochrome P-448 isozymes, the present results reflected the reported results with use of a cytochrome P-450 reconstituted system. These findings indicate that the mutation test with cytochrome P-448H/L-enriched and cytochrome P-448L-enriched microsomes could be used as a simple method for the determination of the cytochrome P-448 isozymes responsible for the mutagenic activation of carcinogens and mutagens without the use of a cytochrome P-450-reconstituted system. PMID- 3173385 TI - Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges by direct and indirect agents in a human teratoma cell line. AB - We have extended the characterization of the P3 cell line, derived from a human epithelial teratocarcinoma, by studying the induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by direct and indirect carcinogens. Several direct acting carcinogens produce a dose-dependent increase in SCEs. Most notably, N-methyl-N' nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and 7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy 7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene produce increases in SCEs at doses comparable to those used to induce mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus. The indirect carcinogens elicit SCEs only when the P3 cells are cocultured with cells capable of metabolizing the indirect carcinogens to the active form. Human breast carcinoma (BJ-015) and rat hepatoma (RL-12) cells are equally efficient in activating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the active form. This cell-mediated induction of SCEs is obtained when the P3 cells are incubated with live, X-irradiated, or UV-irradiated BJ or RL cells. This P3 cell line is thus equally suitable to study the induction of mutations or the induction of SCEs with direct and indirect carcinogens. PMID- 3173386 TI - Mutagenic characterization of cholesterol epoxides in Chinese hamster V79 cells. AB - The uptake, metabolism and alkylating properties of the diastereomeric cholesterol epoxides were studied using Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79 cells). Specific emphasis is given to the comparative cyto- and geno-toxic effects of cholesterol 5 beta,6 beta-epoxide (beta CE) and cholesterol 5 alpha,6 alpha-epoxide (alpha CE) and data are provided for the first time indicating that beta CE can induce more 6-thioguanine-resistant cells than alpha CE. Cholesterol 5 beta,6 beta-epoxide induced colonies of cells resistant to 6-thioguanine at 2-3 fold the frequencies observed with the alpha-isomer, but neither compound produced ouabain-resistant colonies. The cytotoxicity (LD50) of alpha CE was estimated to be 45-50 microM whereas beta CE displayed an LD50 of 25-29 microM. Inhibition of DNA synthesis (IC50) was observed over the same dose ranges as the LD50 for each epoxide isomer. The epoxides were assimilated by cells to an equal extent, however, beta CE was metabolized to cholestane 3 beta,5 alpha-6 beta triol twice as rapidly as the alpha-isomer. Both epoxides reacted with 4-(4' nitrobenzyl)-pyridine to a similar extent, and with identical nucleophilic selectivity at pH 7.4, but their alkylating activity was estimated on this basis to be two orders of magnitude less than methyl methanesulfonate. Binding experiments with the DNA or cultured V79 cells or with calf-thymus DNA indicated that interactions were noncovalent and DNA binding did not correlate with the potency of the epoxides to induce the 6-thioguanine-resistant phenotype. Our results could be interpreted as indicating that both cholesterol epoxide isomers are weak mutagens or that they might induce some epigenetic event repressing the hypoxanthine guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase gene. The similarity of the epoxides' alkylating activity and their DNA-binding properties are inconsistent with their different potencies in inducing the 6-thioguanine-resistant phenotype, suggesting that the mechanism leading to this phenotype is not necessarily the result of DNA alkylation. PMID- 3173387 TI - Effects of CCNU therapy on human chromosomes. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes of 9 patients under CCNU therapy were examined for frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs). 7 out of 9 patients were treated with only CCNU, whereas the remaining 2 were treated with other chemotherapeutic agents in combination with CCNU. Compared to normal individuals, a significantly increased frequency of SCE was observed in the patients before starting anticancer therapy (P less than 0.001). Increased incidences of structural changes in chromosomes were observed in cells from all the treated patients. The most frequent aberrations were of chromatid type. After administration of a single dose of CCNU, an increase in SCE frequencies was observed which remained elevated even after 6 weeks. It was concluded that increases in SCEs and CAs in lymphocytes were caused by CCNU treatment. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether any CAs observed in the present study could participate in the induction of second neoplasm. PMID- 3173388 TI - Analysis of chromosomes in peripheral blood lymphocytes of styrene-exposed workers. AB - A group of 11 workers exposed to an average of 253 mg.m-3 styrene had no elevation of the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations in their peripheral lymphocytes when compared to 11 healthy persons. PMID- 3173389 TI - The genotoxicity of a variety of aniline derivatives in a DNA repair test with primary cultured rat hepatocytes. AB - The genotoxicity of a variety of aniline derivatives was examined by a DNA repair test with rat hepatocytes. Out of 37 aniline derivatives, 6 chemicals, i.e., 2,4,6-trimethylaniline (mesidine), 2,4-xylidine, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 3,4 diaminochlorobenzene, 2-chloro-4-methylaniline and 4-chloro-N-methylaniline, elicited positive DNA repair responses. The results are in agreement with the bacterial mutagenicities with or without norharman of these compounds. Positive compounds of unknown carcinogenicity in the present assay, i.e., 3,5 diaminobenzoic acid, 2-chloro-4-methylaniline and 4-chloro-N-methylaniline are suspected of being potentially carcinogenic. PMID- 3173390 TI - Variable sister-chromatid exchange response in human lymphocytes exposed in vitro to gossypol acetic acid. AB - Gossypol has potential for widespread use as a male oral antifertility agent in humans since it appears to be highly efficacious, with reversible spermatostatic effects and minimal side effects. Furthermore, it is both inexpensive and readily available. Therefore, a thorough understanding of gossypol's genotoxic potential is critical. Although genotoxicity studies have produced conflicting reports, increased sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) and DNA-strand breaks have been reported in human cells exposed to gossypol in vitro. In the present study, SCE was examined in purified human lymphocytes and whole blood cultures exposed to gossypol acetic acid at various concentrations in serum-free medium. A small but statistically significant increase in SCE was observed in pooled analysis of 7 donors in whole blood cultures exposed to 0.70 microM gossypol acetic acid (p less than 0.02). Individual analyses revealed only one donor with a significant SCE response (p less than 0.001). In subsequent experiments, exposure at higher doses had no effect on SCE frequencies. A small but significant increase in SCE was observed in ficoll/hypaque purified lymphocytes exposed to 0.07 and 0.70 microM gossypol acetic acid. Interpretation of SCE data with variable response is discussed. PMID- 3173391 TI - Synergism of mutant frequencies in the mouse lymphoma cell mutagenicity assay by binary mixtures of methyl methanesulfonate and ethyl methanesulfonate. AB - The effect of mixed mutagen exposures on the rate and type of induced mutants was studied in the L5178Y/TK+/-----TK-/- mouse lymphoma cell mutagenicity assay. In this assay, exposure to ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) results in more mutants that form large colonies than small colonies. Exposure to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) results in more mutants that form small colonies than large colonies. Other reports in the literature suggest that large colony TK-/- mutants appear to result from small-scale, perhaps single-gene mutations, and that small-colony TK /- mutants appear to be associated with chromosomal mutations. Treating cells for 4 h with simple, 2-component mixtures containing 6.45 micrograms/ml MMS and either 261, 392, 560 or 712 micrograms/ml EMS resulted in synergism of mutants at each mixture level. The frequencies of total mutants were synergized 12, 20, 35 and 72%, respectively, in mixed exposures with graded doses of EMS, above the sums of the mixture components. Small colony mutants were synergized to a greater extent than large colony mutants. The frequencies of small colony mutants in mixed exposures were increased 31, 54, 73 and 123%, respectively, while the frequencies of large colony mutants were increased -7, -6, 11 and 39%. Statistical analyses provide strong evidence of synergism (within the limits of the assay) for total and small-colony mutants at all doses of EMS tested, and for large-colony mutants above 400 micrograms/ml EMS. Similar magnitudes of synergism resulted when other constant levels of MMS (4.30 or 8.60 micrograms/ml) were mixed with the same graded doses of EMS. The degree of synergism was dependent on EMS concentration but not on MMS concentration. PMID- 3173392 TI - Sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) rate in normal and abnormal sexual development in males and females. AB - Thirty-three patients with abnormal sexual development (9 male hypogonads, 20 females with primary amenorrhea and 4 cases of ambiguous genitalia), 10 normal males and 8 normal females (below the age of 30 years) were evaluated for SCE/cell and for SCE distribution according to chromosome groups (A to G). Smokers and alcoholics and subjects under medication were excluded from the study. The average rates of SCE/cell in male hypogonads, primary amenorrhea and ambiguous genitalia were 4.23 +/- 1.51, 4.02 +/- 0.90 and 4.33 +/- 1.34, respectively, whereas in normal males and females the average rates were 4.27 +/- 0.69 and 4.49 +/- 0.87, respectively. The SCE data followed a Poisson distribution. Chi-square testing showed a statistically significant difference only in B-group chromosomes when male hypogonads were compared with normal males (p less than 0.02) and females with primary amenorrhea were compared with normal females (p less than 0.02), suggesting the importance of the study of SCE frequency distribution at chromosome group level to bring out the differences otherwise concealed in average rates. PMID- 3173393 TI - Sister-chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in chick embryos after treatment with the fungicide maneb. AB - The genotoxic potential of a commercial formulation of the fungicide maneb (Maneb 80, containing 80% manganese ethylenebisdithiocarbamate as active ingredient) in chick embryos was evaluated, using as genetic end-points the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and of chromosomal aberrations. Unincubated eggs were dipped in 0, 0.5, 1.5, 4.5, 13.5 or 27 g/l maneb aqueous solutions for 30 sec. Eggs were then incubated for 4 days. Maneb significantly increased SCE values at 13.5 g/l and at 27 g/l (means 1.33 and 1.74) over the control value (mean 0.87). The concentration of 27 g/l, which corresponds to 10.8 times the recommended maximum application level for use in the field, also resulted in a high mortality rate. No clastogenic effects following exposure to maneb were observed. PMID- 3173394 TI - Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) to biomonitor genotoxicity of low levels of mercury in aquatic environment. AB - The mitotic cell-cycle duration of root meristematic cells of Eichhornia crassipes as determined by the colchicine labelling method was approximately 24 h at 30 +/- 1 degrees C. In one experiment the intact root meristems of E. crassipes were subjected to 1 h acute exposure to water contaminated with maleic hydrazide (MH), 56 ppm, or methyl mercuric chloride (MMCl), 0.1-0.5 ppm, followed by recovery in tap water for 4-48 h. In a second experiment the roots were subjected to 96 h exposure to water contaminated with MH, 56 ppm, or MMCl, 0.0001 0.1 ppm. In both experiments the cytological end-point measured was the frequency of cells with micronuclei (MNC). In the first experiment, while in the MH-exposed root meristems the frequency of MNC was significant at 40 h of recovery, MMCl induced significant MNC at 12, 20, 24, 40, and 40 h of recovery depending on the concentration. In the second experiment both test chemicals induced MNC which was concentration-dependent in case of MMCl. The highest ineffective concentration tested (HICT) and lowest effective concentration tested (LECT) for MMC determined in this experiment were 0.0005 ppm and 0.001 ppm, respectively. The present work provides evidence that E. crassipes could be a promising in situ environmental biomonitoring assay system. PMID- 3173395 TI - The in vivo effect of 2,6-xylidine on induction of micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells. AB - The ability of 2,6-xylidine to produce chromosome breakage and/or spindle malformation in vivo was evaluated by an assessment of the capacity of the compound to induce micronuclei in bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes. Male ICR mice were administered a single oral dose of 350, 175 or 87.5 mg/kg of 2,6 xylidine by oral gavage and bone marrow was extracted from the femurs 24, 48 and 72 h thereafter. The frequency of micronuclei in animals treated with 2,6 xylidine was not different from that observed for the corresponding solvent treated controls. PMID- 3173396 TI - Mutagenicity of acrylonitrile and its metabolite 2-cyanoethylene oxide in human lymphoblasts in vitro. AB - The mutagenicity of the rat carcinogen acrylonitrile (ACN) and its metabolite 2 cyanoethylene oxide (CNEtO) was assessed in vitro in human lymphoblasts using the heterozygous thymidine kinase (tk) locus as a genetic marker. ACN was tested in both the presence and absence of an Aroclor-induced rat-liver homogenate S9. In the absence of S9, ACN was not mutagenic over the concentration range tested (0.4 1.5 mM X 2 h). In the presence of S9, the mutagenic response of ACN was enhanced, resulting in a significant response at a concentration of 1.4 mM X 2 h. CNEtO, the proposed ultimate mutagenic metabolite of ACN, induced a significant mutagenic response without activation at 100 microM and 150 microM X 2 h. Two phenotypic classes of spontaneous and CNEtO-induced tk-/- mutants were observed; one class of mutants (tkn) had a normal growth rate relative to wild-type while the second class (tks) grew at a slower rate. The molecular nature of these two phenotypic classes was investigated by Southern blot analysis. CNEtO-induced tkn mutant clones (11/12) and 7/9 tkn spontaneous mutants had no detectable alterations in their tk restriction fragment pattern. In contrast, 25/26 tks mutants analyzed (spontaneous and CNEtO-induced) had lost a 14.8-kb polymorphic fragment of the +tk allele. PMID- 3173397 TI - Mutagenicity of saccharin in a human cell strain. AB - The mutagenicity of saccharin was investigated by the phenotypic changes of the sensitivity to ouabain lethality in human RSa cells with high susceptibility to UV mutagenicity. At concentrations ranging from 10.0 to 22.5 mg/ml, saccharin induced a dose-dependent increase in the number of mutations to ouabain resistance. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of saccharin having mutagenic activity in human cells. PMID- 3173398 TI - Mutagenesis of xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts by acrolein. AB - Acrolein, a short-chain aldehyde encountered as a component of tobacco smoke and as a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, was tested for its toxic and mutagenic effects toward human fibroblast cells. We found that human cells characterized by a deficiency in DNA repair (cells from xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients) were much more sensitive (D37 approximately equal to 0.25 microM) to the cytotoxic effects of acrolein than were cells from normal individuals (D37 approximately equal to 0.8 microM). Acrolein was also strongly mutagenic to the XP cells (a dose response was observed between 0.2 and 0.8 microM acrolein); however acrolein did not induce an increase in the mutant frequency of normal fibroblasts. Possible reasons for this apparent lack of mutagenicity in normal human cells are discussed. PMID- 3173399 TI - Benzene and the genotoxicity of its metabolites. II. The effect of the route of administration on the micronuclei and bone marrow depression in mouse bone marrow cells. AB - Benzene (880 mg/kg) and 4 of its metabolites, i.e., phenol (265 mg/kg), hydroquinone (80 mg/kg), catechol (40 mg/kg), and p-benzoquinone (5-20 mg/kg) have been tested for their capability to induce micronuclei in bone marrow cells of male mice after oral administration or intraperitoneal injection. Oral administration of benzene shows more activity than intraperitoneal injection, whereas the metabolites show more activity if administered by the latter method. The respective genotoxic strengths of the benzene metabolites are the following: hydroquinone much greater than phenol greater than catechol = p-benzoquinone. This last is active when administered orally. PMID- 3173400 TI - Fecapentaene causes sister-chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes. AB - Fecapentaenes are potent mutagenic compounds found in human feces that are considered as potential colon carcinogens. It is demonstrated that a synthetic racemic all-trans fecapentaene-12 (fec-12) causes a strong dose-dependent increase in the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) in human lymphocytes exposed at different stages of the cell cycle. The SCE-inducing capacity is consistent with published results on the DNA-damaging activity of fec 12 such as formation of DNA single-strand breaks and interstrand cross-links. PMID- 3173401 TI - Analysis of human plasma as an exposure level monitor for carcinogenic tryptophan pyrolysis products. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatography method for detecting 3-amino-1,4- dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1) and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3 b]indole (Trp-P-2) in human plasma was developed. Plasma samples of 10 normal subjects were examined. Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2, carcinogenic tryptophan pyrolysis products, were detected in all specimens, and the concentrations of Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 in plasma were 68.31 +/- 24.03 fmoles/ml (mean +/- S.D., n = 10) and 18.79 +/- 4.99 fmoles/ml, respectively. Our results suggest that plasma levels of carcinogenic tryptophan pyrolysis products may be useful indicators for estimating the exposure levels of the dietary carcinogens. PMID- 3173402 TI - Differential effects induced by N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene and N-hydroxy-2 aminofluorene in DNA excision-repair-deficient Chinese hamster cells. AB - The direct-acting cytotoxic properties of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-OH AAF) and N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene (N-OH-AF) have been determined in repair proficient (AA8-4) and repair-deficient (UV-5) Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cytotoxicity comparisons indicate that UV-5 cells are considerably more sensitive to exposure to N-OH-AAF than is the parental AA8-4 cell line, i.e., concentrations needed to obtain a D37 for survival of AA8-4 is greater than 5 fold higher than for UV-5. Mutation analysis at the HGPRT locus also indicates the increased sensitivity of UV-5 cells to N-OH-AAF as witnessed by an enhanced induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant colonies at equitoxic doses. Conversely, N OH-AAF, did not induce a 'UV-mimetic' response when comparing genotoxicity between these two cell lines. Our data coupled with previously published model building and adduct removal studies (Broyde and Hingerty, 1983; Fuchs and Daune, 1974; Grunberger and Weinstein, 1976; Yamasaki et al., 1977) suggest that the minor DNA adduct species, N-(2'-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene, may be responsible for the hypermutagenicity witnessed in DNA excision-repair-deficient cells treated with N-OH-AAF. PMID- 3173403 TI - Deoxynucleoside triphosphate pool perturbation is not a general feature in mutagen-treated mammalian cells. AB - Deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) and ribonucleoside triphosphate (rNTP) pools were analyzed in 4 mammalian cell lines following treatment with UV-C (254 nm), UV-A (365 nm) or the carcinogen, 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). No substantial alterations in dNTP pool levels were observed in any treatment group. However, the cellular conversions of exogenously added deoxycytidine and deoxyguanosine to the corresponding triphosphates were inhibited 30-97% by UV-C and MNNG treatment. In addition, the conversion of dGuo to GTP and deoxyadenosine to ATP were inhibited 25-50% in CHO cells by mutagen treatment. The data do not support the notion that modulation of specific dNTP pools is a general feature of mutagen treatment in mammalian cells, but so suggest a mutagen-sensitivity of deoxynucleoside metabolism. PMID- 3173404 TI - Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of bromodeoxyuridine during in vitro labelling for sister-chromatid differentiation in preimplantation mouse embryos. AB - Exposure of preimplantation mouse embryos in culture to bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in the concentration range of 10(-9) to 2 x 10(-6) M allows sister-chromatid differentiation at the morula and blastocyst stage. The same BrdU concentrations induced no chromosomal aberrations, but a prolongation of the cell cycle and an increase of the SCE frequency. Even at the lowest BrdU concentration for sister chromatid differentiation (10(-9) M the background level for SCE was found to be significantly higher in early embryos than in fetal or adult tissues of the mouse. Therefore, the high SCE frequency seems to be characteristic of undifferentiated embryonic cells. Methodological recommendations are also given for SCE assay in preimplantation mouse embryos. PMID- 3173405 TI - Cytogenetic effects of acrylamide in the bone marrow of mice. AB - A single i.p. injection of 100 mg/kg acrylamide monomer elevated the frequency of chromosome aberrations and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the bone marrow of male ICR mice. A positive relationship between frequency of micronuclei and dose of acrylamide was obtained in the dose range of 2 x 25, 2 x 50 and 2 x 100 mg/kg. PMID- 3173406 TI - Small-caliber skeletal muscle fibers do not suffer necrosis in mdx mouse dystrophy. AB - The prevalence of internal nuclei in muscle fibers (centronucleation), which is a reliable cumulative index of all prior muscle fiber necrosis, was measured at different ages in different muscles of mdx mice and was correlated with muscle fiber diameter. The prevalence of centronucleated fibers (as percentage of total number of fibers) rose gradually after age 20 days until it reached a peak level of 80% at age 60 days. No significant centronucleation (or necrosis) was observed in the following circumstances: in 4 different limb muscles before age 15 days, in leg muscles that were denervated by peripheral nerve section or rendered immobile by high thoracic cordotomy at 15 days, or in rotator extraocular muscles throughout the animals' life span. In these situations, muscle fiber diameter remained below approximately 20 micron. The mechanism by which small-diameter fibers are resistant to necrosis in mdx dystrophy is unknown, but a similar situation exists in hamster and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 3173407 TI - Comparison of force and stiffness in normal and dystrophic mouse muscles. AB - Isometric force and stiffness of fast- and slow-twitch muscles of affected and normal mice of the 129/ReJ dy/dy strain were studied at rest and during active contraction at a variety of lengths. Dystrophic muscles developed less force in response to stimulation, but the resting stiffness was not reduced as much, particularly at long muscle lengths. This is consistent with the replacement of muscle fibers by connective tissue that is considerably less elastic. When second and third stimuli are superimposed on the rising phase of a twitch in a normal muscle, a less-than-linear summation of force and stiffness generation (early depression) is followed by a more-than-linear summation (later facilitation). Dystrophic muscles showed a smaller early depression and a greater later facilitation of force and active muscle stiffness. Many of these phenomena can be predicted from a simple model of Ca2+ release and binding to troponin. PMID- 3173408 TI - AAEE case report #15: ulnar neuropathy at or distal to the wrist. AB - A 56-year-old woman developed insidiously progressive, painless weakness of her left hand. Clinical and electrodiagnostic abnormalities were limited to the motor function of the hand, with the hypothenar less affected than more distal ulnar muscles. Compression of the distal ulnar nerve by a ganglionic cyst was surgically relieved and there was postoperative improvement. The electrodiagnosis of ulnar neuropathy at or distal to the wrist is reviewed together with relevant anatomic and clinical aspects of these uncommon lesions. PMID- 3173409 TI - Physiologic and anatomic basis for contralateral R1 in blink reflex. AB - We studied the rate of appearance and mechanism of contralateral R1 responses in normal subjects. Contralateral R1 could be produced by facilitating maneuvers such as a gentle contraction of the orbicularis oculi and conditioning stimulus of the median nerve. In addition, changing the position of the stimulating anode to the midline evoked these responses that were abolished by blocking the contralateral supraorbital nerve, confirming its peripheral origin. We conclude that crossed trigeminofacial pathways probably exist in normal subjects, but in some instances contralateral peripheral trigeminal ophthalmic sensory fibers may be stimulated, giving rise to a contralateral R1 response. PMID- 3173410 TI - Serum CK, calcium, magnesium, and oxidative phosphorylation in mdx mouse muscular dystrophy. AB - Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) contents of skeletal muscle and isolated mitochondria, as well as oxidative phosphorylation of X-linked muscular dystrophic (mdx) mice were compared with normal control animals at ages 5, 10, and 23 weeks. Serum CK is elevated in mdx mice at all ages, with highest activities at 5 weeks. The Ca content of dystrophic skeletal muscle is increased at all ages, whereas no clearly abnormal trend in muscle Mg levels was observed. Noncollagen protein (NCP), which was used as a reference base, is significantly diminished in muscle from 10- and 23-week-old mdx animals. Isolated mitochondria from mdx mice have elevated calcium content and decreased respiratory control ratios with NAD-linked substrates pyruvate/malate. The findings are distinct from those in dystrophic mice, strain 129/ReJ, but similar to observations in dystrophic hamsters and Duchenne muscular dystrophy and reflect the occurrence of overt muscle cell necrosis. PMID- 3173411 TI - Tellurium-induced demyelination: an electrophysiological and morphological study. AB - Tellurium (Te) is a naturally occurring element with many industrial uses. Microinjection of 0.3 micrograms of potassium tellurite [K(2)TeO(3)] into the endoneurial space of rat tibial nerve causes a rapidly progressing focal conduction block as measured by the disappearance of the evoked compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of the intrinsic foot muscles following stimulation proximal to the injection site. Conduction block was fully established within 6 hours and persisted for approximately 7 days, followed by the appearance of low amplitude, long latency, temporally dispersed potentials. The proximal CMAPs increased in amplitude and decreased in latency and temporal dispersion until normalization by 28 days after injection. The distal CMAP showed a minimal decline in amplitude. Morphological observations showed splitting of myelin, especially in the paranodal regions, followed by accumulation of myelin debris in Schwann cells and macrophages. Although the exact mechanism remains unknown, this in vivo model provides a unique opportunity to study the electrophysiological and morphological correlates of an acutely evolving demyelinative process. PMID- 3173412 TI - Axonal branching following crush lesions of peripheral nerves of rat. AB - Branching of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers in normal and regenerating personal and soleus nerves was studied by light and electron microscopy. There were at most 2% more myelinated and 13% more unmyelinated axons in the distal as compared with the proximal nerve segments. Two to four weeks after a crush lesion the distal axons became 2-3 times more numerous; thereafter their number decreased. The number of axons in the proximal nerve segment did not change. The number of myelinated sprouts in most regenerated nerves equalled the number of myelinated fibers in the proximal nerve, while the number of unmyelinated axons after 12-19 weeks was 18-60% higher than normal. Branching was not restricted to the crush region. The results indicate that following a crush lesion all axons branch but only branches of unmyelinated fibers persist for a prolonged period of time. It is tentatively suggested that regenerating axons branch when searching for a target and that when contact is made with the target this prevents additional branching and eliminates redundant branches. Myelinated axons are guided by existing Schwann cells, whereas unmyelinated axons do not follow predetermined pathways; this may explain their greater tendency to form permanent branches. PMID- 3173413 TI - Facilitation of electrical myotonia and denervation fibrillation by direct current stimulation. PMID- 3173414 TI - Somatomedin-C is not increased in the serum of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PMID- 3173415 TI - Conduction studies in peripheral cat nerve using implanted electrodes: I. Methods and findings in controls. AB - Silicone rubber cuff and patch electrodes with multiple contacts were implanted along the sciatic-tibial-plantar nerves in cat for repeated studies of conduction properties of normal peripheral nerve over periods of time. The contacts were used in various combinations for precise localization of changes in conduction velocities and excitability along the extent of normal nerves. In this paper the particular characteristics and limitations associated with cuff-electrode recordings of neural activity are discussed. The nerve action potential was recorded using a tripolar configuration with a central lead flanked by two shunted leads at symmetrical distances. This configuration records the spatial derivative of the action potential and rejects potentials from sources outside the cuff. The voltage changes are restricted by the silicone cuff, and the dynamic range is therefore very high, allowing detection from single myelinated fibers to whole nerve responses. The electrodes are well suited for following the development of regeneration and degeneration following experimental lesions. PMID- 3173416 TI - Conduction studies in peripheral cat nerve using implanted electrodes: II. The effects of prolonged constriction on regeneration of crushed nerve fibers. AB - Arrays of chronically implanted electrodes were used to examine the time course of elongation and maturation of peripheral nerve fibers in the cat after crush of the tibial nerve in the proximal calf. Regeneration after crush alone was compared with crush 5 mm proximal to a tight constriction of the nerve. Regeneration was monitored by the progression of excitability along the electrode arrays on the tibial and plantar nerves. The sensitivity was sufficient to record the averaged activity in single nerve fibers allowing detection of the earliest regeneration. The diameters of the fastest regenerating fibers were estimated from the conduction velocity proximal to the site of crush. Both after crush alone, and after crush constriction, small myelinated fibers regenerated in front of large fibers. The rate of elongation after crush alone was 3.2 mm/day, whereas it was slower (P less than 0.02) distal to crush + constriction (2.2 mm/day). In both lesions, the extrapolated delay to onset of regeneration was 8 days. In observations up to 300 days after crush, maturation was delayed or impaired by the constriction, and the compound nerve action potential had a smaller amplitude and a dispersed shape. Transverse sections of nerves after crush + constriction showed a diminished number of large and an increased number of small fibers compared with crush alone, possibly due to persistent branching of regenerated fibers. After both crush alone and crush + constriction, regenerated fibers had similar g ratios, suggesting that myelination developed fully in fibers of diminished diameters. PMID- 3173417 TI - Abstracts of free communications: American Association of Electromyography and Diagnosis. San Diego, California, October 7-8, 1988. PMID- 3173418 TI - Abstracts of free communications: the AAEE/AEEGS Joint Symposium on Somatosensory Evoked Potentials and Magnetic Stimulation. San Diego, California, October 5, 1988. PMID- 3173419 TI - Mycological studies on zoophilic dermatophyte isolates of Finish and Swedish origin. PMID- 3173420 TI - Management of combined bacterial and fungal foot infection in coal miners. PMID- 3173421 TI - [Monitoring the efficacy of disinfection measures in denture stomatitis caused by Candida]. PMID- 3173422 TI - [Prevention of fungal infections with ketoconazole in cancer patients receiving cytostatic therapy]. PMID- 3173423 TI - Susceptibility of yeast-like fungi to a new antifungal agent, LY 121019. PMID- 3173424 TI - Chromomycosis. A case with a widespread rash, lymph node metastasis and multiple subcutaneous nodules. PMID- 3173425 TI - Localized cutaneous verrucous sporotrichosis of 26 years duration. PMID- 3173427 TI - Geotrichum candidum--an opportunistic agent of mycotic diseases. PMID- 3173426 TI - The occurrence of yeast-like organisms in human bile. PMID- 3173428 TI - Fungitoxic properties of the essential oil of Citrus limon (L.) Burm. against a few dermatophytes. PMID- 3173429 TI - The chromosome profiles of Trypanosoma congolense isolates from Kilifi, Kenya and their relationship to serodeme identity. AB - Chromosomal DNA from 117 Trypanosoma congolense clones from 54 stocks, isolated from cattle introduced onto a ranch in Kilifi in the coastal area of Kenya, was fractionated by the orthogonal field alternation gel electrophoresis technique. The technique resolved chromosomes in the size range of 100 kb-1 Mb. The chromosome profile for cloned trypanosome populations was relatively stable with regard to number and size of the chromosome bands following transmission in mice, cattle, goats or tsetse flies. Only in one clone was a shift observed in the position of one medium-sized chromosome band following cyclical development in tsetse. On the basis of their chromosome profiles, the 117 clones could be divided into 18 distinct groups. Representative clones, randomly selected from 7 of the 18 chromosome profile groups were inoculated into steers and goats in order to raise variable antigen type (VAT) repertoire-specific infection sera. Cross-neutralization assays demonstrated that recovery sera from animals infected with a clone neutralized all the clones with an identical chromosome profile. This suggests that clones having an identical chromosome profile also express an identical VAT-repertoire (serodeme). PMID- 3173430 TI - Demonstration of glycosomes (microbodies) in the Bodonid flagellate Trypanoplasma borelli (Protozoa, Kinetoplastida). AB - Homogenates of Trypanoplasma borelli were subjected to subcellular fractionation by sequential differential and isopycnic centrifugation in sucrose. Glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase and the glycolytic enzymes, glucosephosphate isomerase and triosephosphate isomerase, as well as the peroxisomal marker enzyme catalase were mainly, or in part, associated with sedimentable particles that had a buoyant density in sucrose of 1.22 g cm-3. Moreover, triosephosphate isomerase exhibited latency, both in total homogenates and in the particulate fraction. Electron microscopy of thin sections of T. borelli revealed the presence of microbodies that gave a positive reaction for catalase. Pyruvate kinase behaved as a typical soluble enzyme. It was stimulated by micromolar concentrations of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and this stimulation was counteracted by inorganic phosphate in the millimolar range. The enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase and fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase, were both present in T. borelli and behaved as soluble enzymes. We conclude that in T. borelli the glycolytic pathway is compartmentalized in a way similar to that found in another Kinetoplastid family, the Trypanosomatidae, where seven glycolytic enzymes and two enzymes of glycerol metabolism are associated with glycosomes. Apparently the presence of glycosomes is a characteristic of all Kinetoplastida. PMID- 3173431 TI - Effects of temperature elevation on mRNA and protein synthesis in Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. AB - The transition from the promastigote stage to the amastigote stage in Leishmania appears to involve a sequence of steps which enable the parasite to adapt to its new environment. In this study, transformation from the promastigote to an amastigote-like stage was induced by temperature elevation and the effects on protein synthesis and the mRNA population were analyzed. Whereas significant changes in the polypeptide complement of the cell were observed, few, if any, changes were seen at the level of the mRNAs as determined by translation in a cell-free system. Increasing the growth temperature caused a rapid cessation of beta-tubulin synthesis but the abundance and sizes of mRNAs specific for beta tubulin were unaltered. These data suggest that the regulation of beta-tubulin under these conditions is occurring at the level of translation. PMID- 3173432 TI - Tumors of the brain and nervous system after radiotherapy in childhood. AB - We investigated the relation between radiotherapy in childhood for tinea capitis and the later development of tumors of the brain and nervous system among 10,834 patients treated between 1948 and 1960 in Israel. Benign and malignant tumors were identified from the pathology records of all Israeli hospitals and from Israeli national cancer and death registries. Doses of radiation to the neural tissue were retrospectively estimated for each patient (mean, 1.5 Gy). Sixty neural tumors developed in the patients exposed as children, and the 30-year cumulative risk (+/- SE) was 0.8 +/- 0.2 percent. The incidence of tumors was 1.8 per 10,000 persons per year. The estimated relative risk as compared with that for 10,834 matched general-population controls and 5392 siblings who had not been irradiated was 6.9 (95 percent confidence interval, 4.1 to 11.6) for all tumors and 8.4 (confidence interval, 4.8 to 14.8) when the analysis was restricted to neural tumors of the head and neck. Increased risks were apparent for meningiomas (relative risk, 9.5; n = 19), gliomas (relative risk, 2.6; n = 7), nerve-sheath tumors (relative risk, 18.8; n = 25), and other neural tumors (relative risk, 3.4; n = 9). A strong dose--response relation was found, with the relative risk approaching 20 after estimated doses of approximately 2.5 Gy. Our study confirms that radiation doses on the order of 1 to 2 Gy can significantly increase the risk of neural tumors. PMID- 3173433 TI - Body iron stores and the risk of cancer. AB - Because of evidence that increased body iron stores are associated with an increased risk of cancer, we examined iron status and cancer risk in the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a survey of more than 14,000 adults begun in 1971, with follow-up between 1981 and 1984. Among 242 men in whom cancer developed, the mean total iron-binding capacity was significantly lower (61.4 vs. 62.9 mumol per liter; P = 0.01) and transferrin saturation was significantly higher (33.1 vs. 30.7 percent; P = 0.002) than among 3113 men who remained free of cancer. The risk of cancer in men in each quartile of transferrin-saturation level relative to the lowest quartile was 1.00, 1.01, 1.10, and 1.37 (P = 0.02 for trend). The serum albumin level was significantly lower in men in whom cancer developed than in those who remained cancer-free. Among women, those in whom cancer developed did not have significantly lower total iron-binding capacity or higher transferrin saturation than those who remained cancer-free. However, a post hoc examination of 5367 women (203 with cancer) yielded a relative risk of 1.3 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.9 to 1.9) associated with a very high transferrin saturation (greater than or equal to 36.8 percent, a value in the highest quartile among men); in 5228 women with at least six years of follow-up (149 with cancer), the relative risk associated with transferrin saturation above this level was 1.5 (1.0 to 2.2). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that high body iron stores increase the risk of cancer in men. The possibility that a similar association exists in women requires further study. PMID- 3173434 TI - Innovators for the 21st century: will we face a crisis in biomedical-research brainpower? PMID- 3173435 TI - Ethical imperialism? Ethics in international collaborative clinical research. PMID- 3173436 TI - Ethical considerations of human investigation in developing countries: the AIDS dilemma. PMID- 3173437 TI - Morality for the medical-industrial complex: a code of ethics for the mass marketing of health care. PMID- 3173438 TI - Effect of dietary stearic acid on plasma cholesterol level. PMID- 3173439 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and sudden death. PMID- 3173440 TI - Diagnostic yield of the autopsy. PMID- 3173441 TI - Snout suffocation syndrome. PMID- 3173442 TI - Diminished lung function as a predisposing factor for wheezing respiratory illness in infants. AB - In a prospective study of 124 infants enrolled as newborns, we assessed the relation between initial lung function and the subsequent incidence of lower respiratory tract illness during the first year of life. The risk of having a wheezing illness was 3.7 times higher (95 percent confidence interval, 0.9 to 15.5; P = 0.06) among infants whose values for total respiratory conductance (the reciprocal of the resistance to air flow of the entire respiratory system) were in the lowest third, as compared with infants with values in the upper two thirds of the range of values for the group. Boys with initial values in the lowest third for an indirect index of airway conductance had a 10-fold increase (95 percent confidence interval, 2.2 to 44.2; P = 0.001) in the risk of having a wheezing illness. A 16-fold increase (95 percent confidence interval, 1.7 to 147.1; P = 0.002) in the risk of having a wheezing illness was found among girls whose initial values for lung volume at the end of tidal expiration were in the lowest third. We conclude that diminished lung function is a predisposing factor for the development of a first wheezing illness in infants. PMID- 3173443 TI - Long-term in utero drainage of fetal hydrothorax. PMID- 3173444 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 43-1988. A 52-year-old man with persistent watery diarrhea and aphasia. PMID- 3173445 TI - Health care rationing. What does it mean? PMID- 3173446 TI - Cerebellar hypoplasia and autism. PMID- 3173447 TI - Heparin for prevention of atherosclerosis. PMID- 3173448 TI - Vascular response in diabetes with neuropathic foot lesions. PMID- 3173449 TI - Advantageous hemochromatosis. PMID- 3173450 TI - The mortician's mystery solved? PMID- 3173451 TI - Biased adverse effects? PMID- 3173452 TI - "In the good old days. . .". PMID- 3173453 TI - Halloween hazards: ocular injury from flying eggs. PMID- 3173454 TI - Superstar ophthalmology. A modern parable. PMID- 3173455 TI - Changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins in overweight men during weight loss through dieting as compared with exercise. AB - We studied separately the influence of two methods for losing fat weight on the levels of plasma lipids and lipoproteins in overweight sedentary men--decreasing energy intake without increasing exercise (diet), and increasing energy expenditure without altering energy intake (exercise, primarily running)--in a one-year randomized controlled trial. As compared with controls (n = 42), dieters (n = 42) had significant loss of total body weight (-7.8 +/- 0.9 kg [mean +/- SE]), fat weight (-5.6 +/- 0.8 kg), and lean (non-fat) weight (-2.1 +/- 0.5 kg) (P less than 0.001 for each variable), and exercisers (n = 47) had significant loss of total body weight (-4.6 +/- 0.8 kg) and fat weight (-3.8 +/- 0.7 kg) (P less than 0.001 for both variables) but not lean weight (-0.7 +/- 0.4 kg). Fat weight loss did not differ significantly between dieters and exercisers. All subjects were discouraged from altering their diet composition; however, dieters and exercisers had slight reductions in the percentage of kilojoules derived from fat. As compared with the control group, both weight-loss groups had significant increases (P less than 0.01) in plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (diet vs. exercise, 0.13 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.12 +/- 0.03 mmol per liter), HDL2 cholesterol (0.07 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.07 +/- 0.02 mmol per liter), and HDL3 cholesterol (0.07 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.06 +/- 0.02 mmol per liter) and significant decreases (P less than 0.05) in triglyceride levels (diet vs. exercise, -0.35 +/- 0.14 vs. -0.24 +/- 0.12 mmol per liter). Levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were not significantly changed, relative to values in controls. None of these changes were significantly different between dieters and exercisers. Thus, we conclude that fat loss through dieting or exercising produces comparable and favorable changes in plasma lipoprotein concentrations. PMID- 3173456 TI - Effectiveness in health care. An initiative to evaluate and improve medical practice. PMID- 3173457 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 44-1988. A 25-year-old man with multiple bone lesions, hilar lymphadenopathy, and a pericardial effusion. PMID- 3173458 TI - Physical activity and the risk of coronary heart disease. PMID- 3173459 TI - Maternal immunization to prevent neonatal infections. PMID- 3173460 TI - Assessment and accountability: the third revolution in medical care. PMID- 3173461 TI - HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors for hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 3173462 TI - Therapeutic use of magnesium sulfate in selected cases of cerebral ischemia and seizure. PMID- 3173463 TI - Is circulating tumor necrosis factor bioactive? PMID- 3173464 TI - Third-party payers and investigational therapy. PMID- 3173465 TI - Anisakiasis: revenge of the sushi parasite. PMID- 3173466 TI - Unusual structures of Sporothrix schenckii. AB - A series of environmental and clinical isolates of Sporothrix schenckii being studied in our laboratories under standard conditions of temperature, humidity and media, displayed, in some of the isolates, large dematiaceous hyphae. The large hyphae could be seen to produce the fine hyphae associated with S. schenckii on which typical microconidia developed. Typical microconidia also developed occasionally on the large hyphae, and strands of the unusually large hyphae also were seen to form arthroconidia. Some strains formed large, thin walled cells on thin and/or thick hyphae resembling the 'balloon cells' seen in mature colonies of Trichophyton tonsurans. All strains which have demonstrated these various and unusual structures histopathologically produced typical sporotrichosis in laboratory animals. When reisolated from these animals, the cultures again exhibited the unusual structures, as well as those typical of S. schenckii. PMID- 3173467 TI - Candidal vaginitis in hormone-treated mice: prevention by a chitin extract. AB - In view of findings from previous studies that a chitin soluble extract (CSE) blocked adhesion of Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo and prevented thereby a short lived candidal infection in naive mice, we attempted in the present study to block by CSE the development of a persistent infection, induced in hormone treated animals. Continuous oestrus phase was obtained in mice by repeated weekly subcutaneous injections with estradiol benzoate. Intravaginal inoculation of the hormone-treated mice with 10(7)-10(10) C. albicans cells induced a persistent candidal infection. Fifty three mice were pretreated intravaginally prior to inoculation of C. albicans with 2.5, 5.0 or 10 mg/mouse of a CSE cream and followed up for development of infection in comparison to 30 untreated animals. Twenty four hrs post fungus inoculation the infection rate among the CSE treated mice was 11-23% VS 84% among the controls; the rate increased a week later to 97% among the controls VS 41-50% among the CSE treated. Administering the CSE to the mice prior--and post-yeast inoculation (37 mice), led to increased efficacy of the treatment. The data, indicating that CSE is an effective measure for preventing persistent candidal vaginitis, may open the way to consider a similar approach for prophylaxis of vaginitis in human susceptible populations. PMID- 3173468 TI - Connective matrix organization in chronic granulomas of experimental paracoccidioidomycosis. AB - The histological and ultrastructural aspects of chronic granulomas from rats infected intraperitoneally with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis are described with special emphasis on the composition of the extracellular matrix. The granulomas were structurally arranged in two zones, one central containing fungi, and the other peripheral. The extracellular matrix was composed of collagen types I and III, proteoglycans, glycoprotein, and an undefined amorphous substance. The main cellular population was represented by macrophages, epithelioid cells, and giant cells in the central zone, and fibroblasts in the peripheral zone. The fibrotic process was a critical event in this stage of the infection, and showed a centrifugal direction. This might be provoked by direct stimulus from the fungi or by macrophage-fibroblastic interaction. PMID- 3173469 TI - Paraquat induced thiol modulation of Histoplasma capsulatum morphogenesis. AB - Cysteine metabolism with the subsequent release of anionic thiols has been shown to be involved in yeast cell morphogenesis of the dimorphic, pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Following transfer to fresh medium, intracellular thiol levels during the initial 2-4 h appear to determine the eventual growth form. Mild oxidative stress induced by paraquat (methyl viologen) caused enhanced intracellular and extracellular thiol production and an increase in protein thiol formation. Mildly stressed cells continued to grow in the yeast form. Severe oxidative stress induced by high concentrations of paraquat resulted in lowered thiol production as well as reversion to the alternate mycelial morphology. These results suggest that thiol modulation of intracellular protein status may be involved in morphogenesis of H. capsulatum. PMID- 3173472 TI - USA Product Review 1988. Molecular biological software for research labs. PMID- 3173470 TI - Protective effect of prior immunization on ocular paracoccidioidomycosis in guinea pigs. AB - The present study reproduced the experimental model of ocular paracoccidioidomycosis in guinea pigs, by the intracardiac inoculation of yeast forms of P. brasiliensis. Ocular involvement was observed in 80% of the infected animals. The uvea, ciliary body, choroid, iris, lids and the conjunctiva were the structures most commonly affected. To protect the animals against the infection, an immunization protocol was standardized utilizing a P. brasiliensis soluble antigen in Freund's complete adjuvant, administered weekly, during 3 weeks, by the subcutaneous route. Two weeks later, previously immunized guinea pigs were challenged by the intracardiac route with yeast-forms of P. brasiliensis (vaccinated group). When compared with a control group (infection in the absence of prior immunization), the vaccinated animals developed higher levels of anti-P. brasiliensis cellular and humoral immune response and a three times lower frequency of ocular involvement (85.7% vs 28.5%). In addition, the ocular lesions were significantly more localized and contained less fungal cells. The data demonstrated that the subcutaneous immunization was effective in decreasing the frequency and extent of ocular lesions, as well as in blocking fungal multiplication. PMID- 3173471 TI - Mycetoma of the forearm due to Actinomadura madurae. AB - A case of mycetoma, with abscess-like lesions which appeared on the right forearm of a 43-year-old male, is briefly reported. A few whitish granules were detected in the oily-like discharge, the same as in the histologic examination. No bone involvement was discovered in X-ray examination. Actinomadura was identified in the culture. A daily dose of 4 g bactrin brought significant improvement to the patients continuing the treatment. PMID- 3173473 TI - Who pays the piper.... PMID- 3173474 TI - Gene transfer to humans approved in face of advice. PMID- 3173476 TI - Europe evaluates its four-year plans in biotechnology. PMID- 3173477 TI - Eliminate poverty first... PMID- 3173475 TI - US scepticism about big new cancer research campaign. PMID- 3173478 TI - More on Benveniste's dilution results'. PMID- 3173479 TI - Muscle contraction. Invisible actin makes its debut. PMID- 3173480 TI - Pseudosubstrates turn off protein kinases. PMID- 3173481 TI - DNA and the hydration economy. PMID- 3173482 TI - A cytoskeletal spring in cochlear outer hair cells. AB - Normal hearing in mammals depends on an active mechanical filter, within the cochlea, which separates different sound frequencies before neural encoding. Experiments on the intact cochlea indicate that the critical cellular components underlying the process are probably the outer hair cells which are strategically placed to influence movement of the basilar membrane. This idea is attractive because isolated cells can generate axial forces at acoustic frequencies when electrically stimulated. The mechanical properties of cells are largely determined by structures closely associated with the plasma membrane. We show here, using light and electron microscopy, that beneath this membrane lies a lattice of crosslinked circumferential filaments which are pitched at a mean angle of 15 degrees to the transverse axis of the cell. The lattice is sufficient to retain the shape of the cell following demembranation and mechanical deformation. The structure of the lattice allows it to be described as a coiled helical spring but with longitudinal stiffness primarily determined by the crosslinks. Direct measurements of longitudinal stiffness reported here indicate that the lattice contributes 5-10% of the stiffness. We propose that the 'circumferential lattice' ensures that outer hair cells can act as directed force generators within the organ of Corti, a prerequisite in current descriptions of cochlear micromechanics. PMID- 3173483 TI - Defective co-translational formation of disulphide bonds in protein disulphide isomerase-deficient microsomes. AB - The formation of disulphide bonds in mammalian secretory and cell-surface proteins occurs in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and is believed to be catalysed by the enzyme protein disulphide-isomerase (PDI). The evidence for this physiological role for PDI is circumstantial and relates to the cell and tissue distribution of the enzyme, its developmental behaviour and its catalytic properties in vitro. A clear requirement for PDI in the correct folding or assembly of disulphide-bonded proteins during biosynthesis has not been demonstrated. We have prepared dog pancreas microsomes which are deficient in soluble lumenal proteins, including PDI, but which are still able to translocate and process proteins synthesized in vitro. Using the formation of intramolecular disulphide bonds during the in vitro synthesis of gamma-gliadin, a wheat storage protein, as a model, we have demonstrated that these microsomes are defective in co-translational formation of disulphide bonds. Reconstitution of these microsomes with purified PDI reverses this defect. PMID- 3173485 TI - Congress passes bill to fight AIDS. PMID- 3173484 TI - The role of protein surface charges in ion binding. AB - Protein engineering is a means of probing the role of electrostatic interactions in protein functions; this elegant technique has been applied to the elucidation of electrostatic effects in enzyme catalysis. Here we show how the use of mutant proteins allows the determination of the contributions of individual charges to the free energy of ion binding to proteins. We have investigated the importance of three negatively charged side chains in the binding of Ca2+ to bovine calbindin D9K (ref.2): these are clustered around the calcium sites but are not directly involved as ligands. Each of these charges is found to contribute approximately 7 kJ mol-1 to the free energy of binding of two Ca2+ ions and to affect the cooperativity of Ca2+ binding. The influence of surface charges on ion binding to proteins may be more common than generally supposed and could have important consequences for protein function. PMID- 3173486 TI - Pharmaceuticals trio a popular choice for Nobel awards. PMID- 3173487 TI - The debate continues. PMID- 3173488 TI - Protein structure . Trapping folding intermediates. PMID- 3173489 TI - Quantitative genetics. Character dissection. PMID- 3173490 TI - Relationships among isolates of HIV. PMID- 3173491 TI - Breast feeding, birth spacing and their effects on child survival. AB - It has long been known that breast feeding inhibits female fertility and that it is a factor in restricting population growth. But just how important is it? PMID- 3173492 TI - Increased protein degradation results from elevated free calcium levels found in muscle from mdx mice. AB - The defective gene responsible for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in humans and the dystrophic condition in mdx mice results in a lack of dystrophin at first thought to be localized to the triads, but more recently found on the cytoplasmic side of the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle fibres. Because the total calcium content of dystrophic fibres is significantly raised, we have compared the intracellular free calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) in skeletal muscle in normal and mdx mice. We find that [Ca2+]i is markedly elevated in mdx muscle fibres compared with normal fibres, both at rest and during stimulation. By measuring protein degradation rates and manipulating [Ca2+]i, we have been able to demonstrate directly that the elevation of [Ca2+]i in mdx fibres results in an enhanced net degradation of muscle proteins. PMID- 3173493 TI - Stabilization of protein structure by interaction of alpha-helix dipole with a charged side chain. AB - The alpha-helix in proteins has a dipole moment resulting from the alignment of dipoles of the peptide bond which can perturb the pKas of ionizing groups. One of the two histidine residues (His18) in barnase, the small ribonuclease from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, is located at the negatively charged end (C-terminal) of an alpha-helix. From NMR titrations of wild-type and engineered mutants we find that the pKa of His18 is 7.9 in wild-type enzyme, 1.6 units above the value in the urea-denatured enzyme and in model peptides. This implies that there is a favourable interaction between the protonated form of His18 and the alpha-helix that should stabilize the native structure at neutral pH by 2.1 kcal mol-1. Denaturation at various values of pH of wild-type and muant enzymes engineered at position 18 shows that this is so. The increase in stability of the enzyme as the pH changes from 8.5 to 6.3 is attributable to this interaction, and the pH stability curve fits pKa values for His18 in native and urea-denatured enzymes that are consistent with the NMR data. PMID- 3173494 TI - A protein sequence/structure database. Protein Engineering Club Database Group. AB - Researchers have been wishing for years for a database integrating protein sequences and protein structures. A group from the United Kingdom has achieved this long-sought objective. PMID- 3173495 TI - Selection criteria for radical prostatectomy based on morphometric studies in prostate carcinoma. AB - Morphometric reconstruction of 122 consecutive radical prostatectomy specimens were analyzed for cancer volume and grade, seminal vesicle (SV) invasion, lymph node (LN) metastasis, and complete capsular penetration. The mean cancer volume for 91 specimens without SV invasion or LN metastasis was 3.7 cm3; for 14 with only SV invasion, 9.0 cm3; for 17 with LN metastasis, 15.2 cm3; and for 12 with both SV invasion and LN metastasis, 17.8 cm3. The mean cancer volume for 60 specimens without capsular penetration was 2.5 cm3, and for 62 it was 9.0 cm3. Grade of cancer correlated well with tumor volume. We believe that radical prostatectomy for cure should be performed on patients with tumors less than 3.8 cm3 in volume. Methods for accurate assessment of tumor volume before surgery should be given research priorities. PMID- 3173496 TI - Bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical retropubic prostatectomy for stage C or D1 adenocarcinoma of the prostate: possible beneficial effect of adjuvant treatment. AB - Limited clinical stage C (T3 NX M0) disease can be treated surgically, and morbidity can be acceptable. When appropriate adjuvant therapy (orchiectomy and/or radiation) is administered, residual cancer can be controlled locally for at least a limited period. The incidence of local progression in pathologic stage C or D1 disease may be negligible after early adjuvant orchiectomy and/or radiation treatment. The combination of immediate orchiectomy and radical prostatectomy has been shown to limit progression significantly (P = .0009) in many patients with D1 (T0-3 N1,2 M0) disease. However, some patients do not respond to this combination treatment, which suggests that systemic dissemination of heterogeneous tumor cells is unresponsive to adjuvant androgen ablation therapy. The DNA ploidy pattern may be a valuable predictor of disease outcome after treatment in stage D1 disease. Other pathologic variables (including acid phosphatase levels) have not been useful in predicting disease outcome or treatment response. Finally, patients with limited clinical stage C disease and those with pathologic C or D1 disease should be enrolled in a prospective randomized protocol so that the possible beneficial effects of adjuvant treatment programs can be evaluated. Apart from the usual pathologic variables and prostate specific antigen testing, the DNA pattern should be included as a stratification factor. PMID- 3173497 TI - Long-term results of radical prostatectomy in clinically localized prostate cancer: experience at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. AB - The objectives of our retrospective long-term analysis of radical prostatectomy at The Johns Hopkins Hospital are to determine the efficacy of radical prostatectomy and the optimal statistical method for ascertaining survival following therapeutic intervention for men with clinically localized prostate cancer. The duration of survival and the cause of death were ascertained for 57 men with clinical stage B1 prostate cancer who had radical prostatectomies at The Johns Hopkins Hospital between 1951 and 1963. The absence of metastatic disease was determined by radiographic survey of the bones only. The survival curve determined by the direct method was virtually identical to the projected survival curve for a 62-year-old man in 1960. The cause-specific actuarial survival analysis indicated that only 14% of the men with stage B1 disease and a 15-year life expectancy will develop metastatic prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy. The cause-specific survival curve plateaued after 10 years, which indicated that the majority of men surviving 10 years free of disease are cured of the disease. Survival analysis was also determined by the direct method for 48 men with clinical stage B2 prostate cancer who had undergone radical prostatectomy between 1951 and 1963. Overall, the survival rates for these men were considerably lower than those for similarly treated men with clinical stage B1 disease. The survival curves following radical prostatectomy for men with stage B1 disease and clinical stage B2 disease pathologically confined to the prostate were similar. Radical prostatectomy for stage B1 disease was performed with minimal morbidity, and potency was preserved in most patients with the use of nerve-sparing modifications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3173498 TI - Total prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer: long-term surgical results and current morbidity. AB - The outcome for the first 57 successive patients who underwent total perineal prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer at the Virginia Mason Clinic and who have been followed up for a minimum of 15 years is reviewed for evaluation of the long-term impact of this operation on the disease. Twenty percent of the patients had pathologic stage C disease. Recurrence developed in 11 of the 55 patients (20%) who could be evaluated, and death from prostate cancer occurred in 6 (11%) during this interval. The actual observed overall survival at 15 years or more was 60%, the actuarial survival 67%, and the cause specific survival 89%. The current morbidity of this operation was evaluated by review of the last 50 consecutive patients who underwent this procedure and had follow-up of at least 6 months. Operative time averaged 140 minutes, and blood loss averaged 660 ml; 22% of the patients required a transfusion. Average postoperative hospitalization was 5 days. Two patients required a temporary colostomy for unrecognized rectal injury, and 2 developed a stricture requiring more than one dilation. Three patients (6%) wear pads for mild stress incontinence. One patient died of a cerebral vascular accident. PMID- 3173499 TI - Radical retropubic prostatectomy with reduced morbidity: an anatomic approach. AB - The morbidity of radical retropubic prostatectomy for prostate cancer has been reduced through improved understanding of the surgical anatomy of the prostate. Delineation of the anatomy of the dorsal vein complex has led to modifications in the surgical technique that have reduced blood loss and improved surgical exposure. The addition of epidural anesthesia and presurgical donation of autologous blood has limited the need for the homologous transfusion of blood to 2% of the patients and has reduced the frequency of serious perioperative complications such as pulmonary emboli to 0.3%. Delineation of the anatomy of the pelvic plexus and identification of the neurovascular bundles as the macroscopic landmark of the microscopic cavernous nerves have made it possible for the surgeon to make an informed decision at the time of surgery whether the neurovascular bundles can be preserved safely or excised widely with the specimen. In all surgical approaches to prostate cancer, the primary goal must be excision of all tumor; preservation of sexual function should be of secondary concern. These considerations were addressed in the treatment of 320 consecutive patients; 74% of the men are potent postoperatively. It was necessary to excise one neurovascular bundle widely in 49 patients; 69% are potent. In addition to improvements in postoperative sexual function, the incidence of incontinence following surgery has been reduced. The total medical expenses for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy range from $8,500 to $9,500 and are similar to those for external-beam radiotherapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3173500 TI - Histologic grade, clinical stage, and patient age in prostate cancer. AB - The highly variable and often prolonged clinical course of prostate cancer poses difficult problems. Some patients appear to be at such low risk that overtreatment should be avoided. Many patients must be studied for many years before 2 treatments can be compared. If the patients could be sorted into groups with predictably different survival rates, such studies could be completed in less time and/or with fewer patients. Accumulated experience indicates that the survival rates for patients with a diagnosis of prostate cancer are determined largely by three factors: the clinical stage, histologic grade of the tumor, and the patient's age. Treatment is a fourth variable factor that requires further study. In this paper, the relationships are interactions among grade, stage, and age are analyzed and discussed, and ways are suggested in which they can be combined to enhance stratification and discrimination in clinical trials of treatment. The information can also be applied broadly to the management of individual patients, but it is painfully obvious that we need a much larger body of accumulated treatment data that must include more uniform clinical staging, uniform histologic grading, and detailed patient-age reporting. These data would help adjust for the nonuniform mixture of patients in different studies. The problem of variable patient selection processes before admission to a study affects the results of many reported studies and remains a difficult problem. PMID- 3173501 TI - Lymphography in clinically localized prostate cancer. AB - Lymphography demonstrates the size, position, and internal architecture of the external iliac, common iliac, para-aortic, and paracaval lymph nodes. Importantly, the "surgical obturator" nodes are also routinely opacified because they are part of the external iliac chain. Analysis of the internal architecture permits detection of metastases in nodes of normal size, an advantage over cross sectional imaging techniques. In a prospective study of 89 unselected, previously untreated patients with carcinoma limited to the prostate or periprostatic bed, lymphography was compared with histology of lymph nodes removed at surgical staging. The sensitivity was 53% (17 of 32), specificity 93% (53 of 57), accuracy 79% (70 of 89), and positive and negative predictive values were 81% (17 of 21) and 78% (53 of 68), respectively. PMID- 3173502 TI - Value of and indications for pelvic lymph node dissection in the staging of prostate cancer. AB - Pelvic lymphadenectomy is valuable as a staging procedure prior to radical prostatectomy in patients with clinical stages A2, B1 (except low-grade lesions), and B2 prostate cancer who seem to be good candidates for an attempt at curative surgery. Survival rates are promising in patients with negative pelvic lymph nodes and local tumors who undergo radical prostatectomy. In the presence of positive nodes, there is little reason to proceed with radical prostatectomy. Noninvasive alternatives to pelvic node dissection are appealing, but lymphangiography, ultrasound, computed tomography scanning, and magnetic resonance imaging are all less reliable than pelvic lymphadenectomy. Some morbidity is associated with surgical staging, and it is important that this be minimized. Pelvic lymph node dissection can play a role in treatment planning for patients who will be given external-beam radiation therapy. However, the role depends on the physician's treatment philosophy. In a recently reported series of patients receiving radiation therapy for localized prostate carcinoma, prior surgical staging by pelvic lymphadenectomy is uncommonly performed. PMID- 3173503 TI - Status of radiation treatment of prostate cancer at Stanford University. AB - Over 900 patients have been treated with radiation therapy in the 30-year Stanford prostate study. Overall survival, i.e., scoring death due to all causes, was 45%, 35%, 33%, 20%, and 10% for Stanford stages T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4 (nominal stages A, B1, B2, C) at 15 years; lymph node status was unknown. Disease specific survival at 15 years was 85%, 64%, 45%, 33%, and 15%, respectively, for the same patients. In 141 patients with restricted nodular disease (lymph node status unknown) equal to or less than one-half of one lobe involved (stage B1), the 15-year overall survival was 50% and identical to the expected survival of an age-matched cohort of males. Potency was preserved in 86% of the patients at 15 months posttreatment, and 50% of the patients maintained erectile potency for 7 years posttherapy. Other sequelae and complications are analyzed. The incidence of second neoplasms did not exceed expectations for an age-matched population. PMID- 3173504 TI - Radiation Therapy Oncology Group studies in carcinoma of the prostate. AB - From 1976 to 1983, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) conducted 2 large scale phase III trials of extended field irradiation in patients with carcinoma of the prostate. The first, RTOG 75-06, was designed to test the value of elective periaortic irradiation in patients in whom the tumor extended beyond the gland, but remained limited to the pelvis, and the second, RTOG 77-06, was designed to test the value of elective pelvic irradiation in patients without evidence of spread beyond the prostate. The results indicated no apparent benefit from elective periaortic irradiation in patients with detectable disease confined to the pelvis and no apparent benefit from elective pelvic irradiation in patients with detectable disease confined to the prostate. Patients with extracapsular extension of the primary tumor and evidence of pelvic lymph node involvement demonstrated an outcome comparable to that in patients without evidence of lymphatic involvement. This observation may reflect a beneficial effect of pelvic irradiation in patients with nodal involvement. In contradistinction to elective irradiation of regional lymphatics, therapeutic irradiation (of the involved lymphatics) may prove strongly indicated. A prospective study testing this contention needs to be conducted. No significant correlation of treatment-related morbidity and treatment volume could be identified. Analysis of the various types of treatment-related morbidity as to the time of onset and clinical course indicated that these behave as different disease entities characterized by a specific pattern of appearance, clinical course, and prognosis. Of particular interest is the observation that most appear reversible. Doses in excess of 7,000 cGy to the prostate were associated with a significantly increased incidence of bowel morbidity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3173505 TI - Radiation therapy for localized prostate carcinoma: experience at the Massachusetts General Hospital (1973-1981). AB - The success following irradiation in 370 patients with clinically localized prostate carcinoma was measured by overall patient survival as well as the cumulative incidence with time of treated patients who developed either local tumor regrowth or progression with distant metastases. With a minimum follow-up of 5 years in living patients, we evaluated the cumulative frequency curves using both univariate and multivariate (Cox) analyses. Overall patient survival and probability of progression with distant metastases were significantly influenced by initial tumor stage and the degree of histologic differentiation. The results at 8 years are significantly better for patients with T2 (B) tumors (local regrowth in 8%, distant metastases in 18%) than for patients with T3-T4 (C) tumors (local regrowth in 28%, distant metastases in 60%). Patient tolerance of external-beam radiation therapy was carefully analyzed in 121 consecutively treated patients in 1980 and 1981 for subsequent radiation-related sequelae. Minor transient intestinal and urologic sequelae were observed in 21% and 23% of the patients, respectively. These mild to moderate symptoms resolved in all but 7% of the patients who are continuing with mild symptoms. One patient had a major complication, i.e., a cystectomy required for persistent bleeding. Erectile potency has been maintained in 63% of potent patients. No specific benefit or detriment in outcome was seen in the minority of 51 patients who were irradiated by iodine-125 implantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3173506 TI - Definitive radiation therapy in carcinoma of the prostate localized to the pelvis: experience at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology. AB - Definitive radiation therapy was administered to 577 patients with histologically confirmed carcinoma of the prostate localized to the pelvis between January 1967 and December 1983. All patients were available for a minimal 3-year follow-up, and the median period of observation is 6.5 years. The actuarial survival without tumor in stages A2 and B at 5 years was 78% and at 10 years 60%. In stage C, the corresponding survival figures were 60% at 5 and 40% at 10 years. The overall actuarial survival in stage B patients was 76% at 5 and 56% at 10 years, which is similar to the life expectancy of a comparable cohort of normal males. In stage C, the actuarial survival was 65% at 5 and 35% at 10 years. The pelvic failure rate in stage A2 was 12% (5 of 41), 17% in stage B (31 of 185), 28% (93 of 328) in stage C, and 48% (11 of 23) in stage D1. Distant metastases were noted in 12% of the patients with stage A2, 20% stage B, 42% stage C, and 65% stage D1. In stage B, patients who had control of the pelvic tumor exhibited an 85% actuarial 5-year survival and a 60% one at 10 years. This compares with an actuarial survival of 30% at 5 and 10 years when there was evidence of pelvic recurrence alone or combined with distant metastases. In stage C patients with pelvic tumor control, actuarial survival was 81% at 5 and 50% at 10 years, in comparison with 25% at 5 and 10% at 10 years when there was development of pelvic recurrence or distant metastases or a combination of both. There was a strong correlation between the survival and appearance of distant metastases with the histologic degree of differentiation of the tumor in all stages. However, the probability of tumor control in the pelvis was not significantly correlated with this parameter. The administration of hormones concomitantly with radiation therapy did not significantly influence the probability of tumor control, appearance of distant metastases, or survival. Major sequelae of therapy were noted in 2.2% of the patients, whereas minor sequelae were observed in approximately 12% of the patients. Radiation therapy has been shown to be an effective therapeutic alternative to radical prostatectomy or hormonal manipulation in patients with carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 3173507 TI - Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie. Abstracts, fall meeting. September 19-22, 1988, Hamburg. PMID- 3173508 TI - [Antacids and mucosa-protecting agents]. PMID- 3173509 TI - [Care of patients with AIDS; guidelines from the Public Health Council]. PMID- 3173510 TI - [Principles of statistics; III. Random sampling and random allocation]. PMID- 3173511 TI - ['Swallowers' and 'stuffers'. Delinquents and drug dealers who swallow foreign objects]. PMID- 3173512 TI - [Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: psychiatric aspects]. PMID- 3173513 TI - [Repatriation of psychotic patients from their vacation address abroad]. PMID- 3173514 TI - [Cholestatic hepatitis caused by a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (Augmentin)]. PMID- 3173515 TI - [Guidelines in abnormal findings in cytological studies of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 3173516 TI - [Important addresses for physicians treating patients with neuromuscular diseases]. PMID- 3173517 TI - [Long will we live?]. PMID- 3173518 TI - [Basic principles in statistics; IV. Target populations and study populations in medical and scientific research]. PMID- 3173519 TI - [Dermatomycoses in children; a retrospective study 1977-1987]. PMID- 3173520 TI - [Pauwel's abduction osteotomy for non-healing femoral neck fractures]. PMID- 3173521 TI - [Congenital abnormalities of the limbs caused by an early amnion rupture]. PMID- 3173523 TI - [Decubitus in the hospital, 4 years later]. PMID- 3173522 TI - [Medical actions at the start of life; various legal observations]. PMID- 3173524 TI - [Wilkie's syndrome]. PMID- 3173525 TI - [Pruritus ani, an irritating problem]. PMID- 3173526 TI - [Rupture of the tendon of the anterior tibial muscle]. PMID- 3173527 TI - [Pleuroperitoneal shunt in the treatment of exudative carcinomatous pleurisy]. PMID- 3173528 TI - [Who survives a serious accident?]. PMID- 3173530 TI - [The AIDS-dementia complex: primary infection by human immunodeficiency virus type I]. PMID- 3173529 TI - [Predicting the day of ovulation with a do-it-yourself test]. PMID- 3173531 TI - [Basic principles in statistics; V. Random sampling and samples which can be considered random]. PMID- 3173532 TI - [The Discretest]. PMID- 3173533 TI - [The AMS sphincter prosthesis; experiences in adults and children]. PMID- 3173534 TI - [Chylothorax and chylopericardium]. PMID- 3173535 TI - [The treatment of a multiple trauma patient with severe injuries of the arms and legs]. PMID- 3173536 TI - [Reflux gastritis]. PMID- 3173537 TI - [Vaginism, whose problem?]. PMID- 3173538 TI - [A historical scandal]. PMID- 3173539 TI - [Tiring induced by viruses--postviral fatigue syndrome]. PMID- 3173540 TI - [Joint symptoms following a tick bite; Lyme arthritis in The Netherlands]. PMID- 3173541 TI - [Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis; don't wait till it's too late]. PMID- 3173542 TI - [Basic concepts in statistics; VI. Statistical testing and the unreliability of conclusions based on it]. PMID- 3173543 TI - [Gonads and the cytostatic treatment of malignant lymphomas]. PMID- 3173544 TI - [Retinopathies in children with very low birth weight]. PMID- 3173545 TI - [Cardiac risk in non-cardiac surgery]. PMID- 3173546 TI - [The course of arterial oxygen saturation in 2 anesthesia technics--anesthesia technics for adenotomy and (adeno)tonsillectomy in children under 15 in The Netherlands]. PMID- 3173547 TI - [The professional secret]. PMID- 3173548 TI - [Congenital postural disorders of the foot in children]. PMID- 3173549 TI - [The limping child]. PMID- 3173550 TI - [Antipsychotic agents]. PMID- 3173551 TI - [Changes in mortality of diseases which have become (partially) preventable or treatable by medical care, 1950-1984]. PMID- 3173552 TI - [AIDS and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, an insidious association]. PMID- 3173553 TI - [A patient with disseminated Mycobacterium avium-complex infection and a deranged immune system]. PMID- 3173555 TI - [The treatment of congenital knee dislocation]. PMID- 3173554 TI - [Antimicrobial prophylaxis in childhood]. PMID- 3173556 TI - [The reversal of medical burden of proof]. PMID- 3173557 TI - [When does an incubator infant go home?]. PMID- 3173558 TI - [Course of child development and hyperactivity]. PMID- 3173559 TI - [Increasing drug use in nursing homes]. PMID- 3173560 TI - [Addison crisis following administration of rifampicin in a patient with tuberculosis]. PMID- 3173561 TI - [Euthanasia and legislation]. PMID- 3173562 TI - [Testing for HIV infection in cardiology]. PMID- 3173564 TI - [Antimicrobial agents in eye infections]. PMID- 3173563 TI - [Acute upper airway obstruction in adults]. PMID- 3173565 TI - [Infections of the retropharyngeal space as a complication in pharyngitis]. PMID- 3173566 TI - [Registration of diagnosis and treatment of bacteriologically confirmed lung tuberculosis in The Netherlands, 1973-1984]. PMID- 3173567 TI - [A patient with alcoholic, hypokalemic myopathy]. PMID- 3173568 TI - [Cow's milk protein allergy, a new disease]. PMID- 3173569 TI - [The Glycotronic F-meter cannot be used for (self) monitoring of blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3173570 TI - The Health Care Quality Improvement Act of 1986. PMID- 3173571 TI - Progressive supranuclear palsy: a case report. PMID- 3173572 TI - Electronic information for physicians: a new dimension in solving traditional problems. PMID- 3173573 TI - Parasellar mass. PMID- 3173574 TI - [Determination of the neuronal reactions of the thermoregulation center in the posterior hypothalamus of the rabbit to thermal stimulation]. AB - Impulse activity of the posterior hypothalamic neurons was investigated under conditions of thermoneutral environment and at thermal skin stimulation of unanesthetized rabbits. Different types of the activity were classified. The responses of neurons to thermal stimulation were followed by changes in the activity types. Statistical criteria of these reactions were demonstrated. PMID- 3173575 TI - [Steady state-kinetic model of the regulation by autoadrenoreceptors of noradrenaline secretion]. AB - The process of noradrenaline secretion regulation by autoreceptors is described in the terms of the stationary-kinetic reaction. Constants of this reaction are determined using the authors' own data. Analysis of the model has permitted explaining some data from literature which were used to refute the principle of noradrenaline secretion self-regulation by autoreceptors. PMID- 3173576 TI - [Reactions of the neurons of the parietal association cortex in the cat that send axons into the pyramidal tract to peripheral stimuli]. AB - Experiments were performed on cats anaesthetized with nembutal and immobilized with myorelaxin. Excitatory responses to somatic, light and auditory stimulation were recorded in 73.8, 57.7 and 65.4% of pyramidal tract (PT) neurons, respectively, whereas inhibitory responses--in 26.2, 42.3 and 34.6% of PT neurons. Among 64 PT neurons studied, trisensory cells accounted for 64.0%, bisensory--for 26.6%, monosensory--for 9.4%. The broad convergence of different modality signals on PT neurons favoured their integration. PMID- 3173577 TI - [Modulation of the segmental reflex reactions during real locomotion in rats]. AB - Studies of low- and high-threshold reflex reactions evoked by dorsal root stimulation in different phases of real locomotion (swimming) in rat were performed. The pronounced facilitation of low- and high-threshold muscle responses in the period of particular muscle activity and their extensive depression in the period coupled with antagonist muscle activity were revealed. The low-threshold stimulation did not change the temporal and amplitude parameters of locomotor movements, but high-threshold one influenced the amplitude and frequency of locomotor movements. The functional significance and possible mechanisms of modulation of the influence of peripheral afferents are discussed. PMID- 3173578 TI - [Phase-dependent changes in the posterior root potentials during real locomotion in rats]. AB - Dorsal root potentials (DRP) were studied during two kinds of the real locomotion (swimming and stepping) of rats. Two negative DRP waves were observed in one locomotor cycle. One wave coincided with stance on extension, while the other one -with swing phase. Dependence between the DRP amplitude and intensity of afferent input during the real locomotion and passive movements of hind limbs was established. It is concluded that wave-like changes of DRP in the real locomotion are mainly due to the influences from peripheral afferents. PMID- 3173579 TI - [Reactivating and cholinolytic action of dipyroxime in the myoneural synapse of warm-blooded animals]. AB - Reactivating (RA) and cholinolytic (Chl) effects of dipyroxime in soleus and diaphragm muscles of the rat were estimated by amplitudes and durations of miniature end-plate potentials (MEPP) and currents (MEPC). After armin-induced inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), the action of dipyroxime in concentrations of 5.10(-6)-5.10(-4) mol/l on the amplitude and duration of MEPPs and MEPCs represents the combination of RA and Chl effects. Separate study of the RA effect (after washing out of the reactivator) has shown that this effect increased within the whole range of concentrations used. Complete reactivation of phosphorylated AchE was achieved at dipyroxime concentrations of 2-5.10(-4) mol/l. Separate analysis of Chl effect (in voltage-clamp experiments with intact AchE) has shown that dipyroxime suppressed acetylcholine-induced responses due to a block of cholinoreceptors in the open conformation. This block was characterized by prolongation of MEPCs decay without affecting its exponential nature. It is concluded that dipyroxime is a "very fast blocker". PMID- 3173580 TI - [Functional characteristics of the orientation-selective neurons in the frontal visual field of the striate cortex in the baronduki]. AB - The extracellular activity of 150 neurons (field 17) from binocular region of the visual cortex in the Siberian chipmunk was investigated. 65% of neurons proved to be selective to orientation and selective (but differently) to the direction of movements of the contrast boundaries and light. 18% of neurons were nonselective to the orientation and direction of the stimulus movement. 17% of neurons were activated only with the total illumination of the receptive field. Out of 39 orientation-selective neurons investigated by the moving and stationary stimuli 16 neurons reacted only to the moving stimuli: 13 neurons responded to exposure to stationary bars with prolonged tonic activation, 7 neurons showed a short phasic response and 3 neurons--a phasically-tonic response. All the phasic neurons were a maximally activated at higher movement velocities compared with the tonic neurons. The possible analogy between fast-phasic and slow-tonic neurons and Y- and X-systems is discussed. PMID- 3173581 TI - [Voltage dependence of the cobalt-induced blockage of synaptic transmission between the photoreceptors and horizontal cells of the retina]. AB - Synaptic transmission between photoreceptors and horizontal cells (HC) in the turtle retina blocked by Co2+ ions can be restored by constant radial current passed through the retina and depolarizing presynaptic receptor terminals. This result is not related with the action of current on horizontal cells themselves because their depolarization through the intracellular microelectrode did not restore the response to light. The restoring effect of presynaptic depolarization consists of two components: the opening of additional Ca-channels not blocked by Co2+ in the presynaptic membrane, and the voltage-dependence of Co2+ blockade. The latter component can explain such a paradoxical phenomenon as an increase of the horizontal cell response to moderate light stimuli when synaptic transmission is partly blocked by Co2+ ions. PMID- 3173583 TI - [Effect of natural ribonucleotides on the ATP receptors of the neurons of the rat nodose ganglion]. AB - Action of natural ribonucleotides on ATP receptors of rat nodose ganglion has been studied. Nucleotides containing guanine, uracil or hypoxanthine residues as nitrogen base are competitive blockers of the receptors. Their pharmacological activity decreases along with reduction of the polyphosphate chain length. The most efficient blocker among them is guanosine-5'-triphosphate. Cytidine nucleotides as well as adenine ones are agonists of ATP receptors, if their polyphosphate chain contains two or three phosphate residues and are blockers, if it contains only one residue. PMID- 3173582 TI - [Analysis of a model of the miniature endplate current]. AB - The numerical model of the miniature end-plate current MEPC described earlier was systematically analyzed to obtain an optimal set of parameters. This set permits simulating a number of experimental effects: time course of normal MEPC, cholinesterase inhibition, alpha-bungarotoxin action, potential dependence of MEPC, etc. The time course of the simulated "giant" MEPC fitted the experimental data only partially. A good correspondence between the model and experimental data underlies the conclusion that this model reflects well the relative contribution of several processes to MEPC generation. PMID- 3173584 TI - [Changes in the segmental reactions in the decerebrate cat during scratching and locomotion]. AB - Experiments on decerebrate cats have shown that N1 component potential of dorsal surface and dorsal root potential elicited by electrical stimulation of paw plantar surface tonically decrease during locomotion and scratching. Phase changes occur against a background of tonic changes in the rhythm of limb movements. The dynamics of the observed changes correlates well with that of primary afferent depolarization during these movements. It is concluded that presynaptic inhibition underlies the changes in segmental reactions. PMID- 3173585 TI - [The principle of the so-called dominant in the mechanisms of systems of self organization of individual development (the mechanisms determining the information capacity of the developing organism)]. PMID- 3173586 TI - [Cortical mechanisms of auditory-motor coordination]. PMID- 3173587 TI - [Integral brain activity in performing complex behavioral programs]. PMID- 3173588 TI - [So-called dominant mechanisms of work capacity]. PMID- 3173589 TI - [Effect of specific and nonspecific afferentation on audiogenic epileptiform attacks]. PMID- 3173590 TI - [Nonsynaptic regulation of rhythmic electrical activity in foci of stable excitation]. PMID- 3173591 TI - [The stage of the cessation of the so-called dominant and goal-directed behavior]. PMID- 3173592 TI - [Correlation of the so-called dominant and conditioned reflex]. PMID- 3173593 TI - [Structural-functional organization of conditioned reflex activities]. PMID- 3173594 TI - [The predictive value of initial findings for the intermediate course of rehabilitation of adolescent schizophrenic patients]. PMID- 3173595 TI - [Psychopathologic prediction of ambulatory doxepin response. A replication trial]. AB - This study tries to replicate findings of a previous outpatient study, which revealed some clinical predictors of doxepine response in depressed patients. 314 depressed outpatients were treated by a total of 262 private practice psychiatrists for 6 weeks with 100 mg doxepine daily. The following findings of the previous study could be confirmed: 74% of the patients were therapy responders (score on the Hamilton Depression Scale after 6 weeks less than or equal to 8); unpredictability of diagnostic subtyping into endogenous and non endogenous depression (clinically according to ICD-9 and operationally according to the Newcastle Scale); response-predictability of the personality assessment as not being deviant, defined according to the Newcastle Scale (no previous "nervous breakdowns", no previous neurotic symptoms, no severe social maladaptation); response-predictability of an improvement after 2 weeks over the initial Hamilton score of greater than or equal to 30%. The practical relevance of these three findings for outpatient therapy with antidepressive drugs is stressed. PMID- 3173596 TI - Urine ammonium: the key to the diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis. PMID- 3173597 TI - The relationship of infiltrating renal leucocytes to disease activity in lupus and cryoglobulinaemic glomerulonephritis. AB - In order to evaluate the contribution of cellular immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis, renal biopsies from 18 patients with lupus glomerulonephritis and 26 with cryoglobulinaemic glomerulonephritis were studied. Leucocyte profiles including T cell subsets and 'activated' macrophages within both glomeruli and interstitium were determined, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies as markers, and a sensitive 4-layer peroxidase technique to localize these within tissues. The infiltrating leucocytes were correlated with clinical, histological and immunological parameters of disease activity. Normal glomeruli contained few leucocytes though normal interstitium did (145 +/- 30 mm2), made up predominantly of T lymphocytes and macrophages. There was a significant increase in intraglomerular leucocytes in both systemic lupus erythematosus 4-fold, and essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia 7-fold, as compared to normal. These leucocytes consisted mainly of macrophages, and particularly in cryoglobulinaemia of 'activated' macrophages as demonstrated by their surface expression of the procoagulant tissue factor recognized by the A13 monoclonal antibody. In cryoglobulinaemic glomerulonephritis (GN) there was also a significant increase in T lymphocytes due to a predominance of suppressor-cytotoxic cells (OKT8+). There was a significant increase in interstitial leucocytes in both diseases, lymphocytes (mainly OKT8+ve), and macrophages (mainly 'activated' A13+ve). There were significant positive correlations between disease activity and interstitial leucocyte infiltration including, in lupus nephritis, degree of proteinuria and total leucocytes, hypocomplementaemia and T lymphocytes, increased numbers of monocytes and lymphocytes with a higher histological index of activity, and in cryoglobulinaemic GN of T lymphocytes and proliferative lesions, and T lymphocytes and C1q deposition. This study has demonstrated the importance of the interstitium in the pathogenesis of both diseases, delineated the presence of both T lymphocytes and activated monocytes which make cell-mediated immune mechanisms feasible, and linked the presence of immune mediators to disease activity. PMID- 3173598 TI - Prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women. AB - Twelve postmenopausal women who experienced frequent urinary tract infections were found to have atrophic vaginitis. Four of them who were taking sulfonamide preparations chronically also had an interstitial nephritis manifest by decreasing glomerular filtration rate and eosinophiluria. Treatment consisted of a Betadine douche daily for 1 week, administration of an appropriate nonsulfonamide antibiotic, and institution of estrogen therapy to restore glycogen deposition in the vaginal epithelium and promote return of a normal vaginal pH and bacterial flora. Prior to estrogen therapy, the frequency of infection was four per patient per year. During a follow-up observation period ranging from 2 to 8 years, there have been only four infections in the entire group. When sulfonamides were discontinued in the 4 patients with manifestations of interstitial nephritis, the eosinophiluria cleared, and the glomerular filtration rate increased significantly. PMID- 3173599 TI - The kallikrein-kininogen-kinin system in patients with liver disease and ascites. AB - The urinary excretion of kininogen, kallikrein (total and active), and kinins were measured in 7 men with severe liver disease and ascites. The results were compared with a group of normal controls matched for sodium excretion. Significant reductions in kinin excretion were noted in the patients with liver disease which could not be accounted for by differences in age, plasma renin, aldosterone excretion or sodium excretion. Both active kallikrein and kininogen excretion were reduced suggesting that deficiencies of enzyme and substrate contributed to the kinin deficiency. The importance of kininogen in the physiologic regulation of kinin excretion in this clinical state is discussed. PMID- 3173600 TI - Effects of imidazole-2-hydroxibenzoate on glycosaminoglycan and albumin urinary excretion in type 1 diabetic patients. AB - The effect of imidazole-2-hydroxibenzoate on urinary excretion rates of glycosaminoglycans and albumin in 22 insulin-dependent diabetics with albumin excretion rates under 300 mg/day was evaluated in a 165-day double blind crossover study. Unlike placebo, the drug reduced glycosaminoglycan and albumin excretion rates significantly after 40 and 60 days of treatment, and the effects were significantly intercorrelated. Moreover, a parallel reduction in urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was also observed. These pharmacological effects may have a positive impact on the subsequent natural history of diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 3173601 TI - Hypochlorhydria and hypergastrinemia and their association with gastrointestinal bleeding in young patients with chronic renal failure. AB - In 40 young patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) on maintenance hemodialysis and 22 control subjects, (1) basal and test meal-stimulated gastrin concentrations, (2) basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid outputs, and (3) endoscopic examinations were studied. Age-matched CRF patients with control subjects had higher circulating gastrin levels both in the fasting and the test meal-stimulated state and they also had hypochlorhydria. After a test meal, the peak increment of serum gastrin in the CRF patients was more prolonged and greater than in controls. Endoscopic findings showed that the most predominant lesion in the CRF patients was hemorrhagic gastritis. Nine (64.2%) out of 14 patients were hyposecretors and none were hypersecretors. Patients with hyposecretion had higher gastrin levels as well as the same incidence of abnormal endoscopic findings as patients with normosecretion. It is concluded that hypergastrinemia in young CRF patients might be due to a combined effect of impaired renal clearance capacity and overproduction of gastrin associated with hypochlorhydria and also that the cause of gastritis in the young CRF patients might partly be due to a relative impairment of the mucosal defensive mechanism to acid. Our data suggest that the parietal cell response to gastrin in CRF patient may be impaired. PMID- 3173602 TI - Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning resulting in acute renal failure without hepatic coma. AB - We report two cases of acute renal failure following paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning. Both received adequate treatment with N-acetyl cysteine and neither showed any evidence of fulminant liver damage, yet acute renal failure due to tubular necrosis developed. PMID- 3173603 TI - Percutaneous kidney needle biopsy in children is less traumatic than in adults. AB - Hemorrhagic complications following percutaneous kidney needle biopsy were prospectively assessed in 20 children and adolescents (age 2-17 years) undergoing a total of 22 biopsies. Macroscopic hematuria was observed in 1 case and hematocrit reduction of more than 3% in 2. Gray-scale ultrasonography performed in all patients 48 h after the biopsy detected peri- and intrarenal hematomas in 2 cases. Based on these data and those from another study on children, comparison to three similar studies in adults showed a 9.3% mean incidence of macroscopic hematuria in children versus 36.2% in adults (p less than 0.01), a 9.1 versus 31.3% mean incidence of hematocrit reduction of more than 3% (p less than 0.05), and a mean incidence of only 10.9% in children versus 65.6% in adults of radiologically detected peri- and intrarenal hematomas (p less than 0.001). We conclude that percutaneous kidney needle biopsy in children is less traumatic than in adults. Hence when relating to hemorrhagic complications of the procedure, the two populations have to be addressed separately. PMID- 3173604 TI - Incidence of human immunodeficiency virus antigenaemia in patients on haemodialysis. PMID- 3173605 TI - Increased urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans in pregnancy and in diabetes mellitus: a protective factor against nephrolithiasis. PMID- 3173606 TI - Evidence of an increased susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in red blood cells of chronic renal failure patients. PMID- 3173607 TI - Intraglomerular lipid deposition in experimental focal glomerular sclerosis in the rat. PMID- 3173608 TI - Methods involving complement fixation are not suitable for the detection of circulating IgA immune complexes. PMID- 3173609 TI - Ketoprofen-induced irreversible renal failure. PMID- 3173610 TI - Prevalence of ATLV and HIV among hemodialysis patients in Japan. PMID- 3173611 TI - Idiopathic membranous nephropathy in 2 twin brothers. PMID- 3173612 TI - Protection against recurrence of acute renal failure. PMID- 3173613 TI - Ageing: a possible clue to the arrhythmogenic effect of hemodyalisis. PMID- 3173614 TI - Elevated tissue polypeptide antigen as a risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome in haemodialyzed patients. PMID- 3173615 TI - [Renal cholesterol embolisms: apropos of 6 case reports]. AB - Often unrecognized, renal cholesterol embolization generally results in renal failure and a high rate of death. In the recent years, it was discovered only during autopsy, but now antemortem observations are not exceptional. In the most cases, the existence of a triggering factor may suggest a iatrogenic cause. We report six patients who developed cholesterol atheroembolic renal disease after aortic surgery and/or retrograde catheterization. Cholesterol embolism was demonstrated by the finding of cholesterol crystals in the arteriolar lumens: either on renal biopsies, or on skin biopsy. The five surviving patients required dialysis with recovery of renal function in only one case. Three of four patients on regular dialysis treatment died of unrelated complications. The responsibility of angiography in the origin of acute renal failure appeared major in this report. It is the rupture of an eroded atherosclerotic plaque caused by the catheter which causes the release of large quantity of cholesterol crystals in the circulation. Therefore, in the atheromatous patients, it appears safer to realize a computerized i.v. angiography. PMID- 3173616 TI - [Effects of keto-analogs of essential amino acids with or without associated protein restriction on the phospho-calcium metabolism of hemodialysed patients: a randomized prospective crossover study]. AB - The short term effects of a low (RP: 0.4 g/kg/day) and a normal (RN: 1 g/kg/day) protein diet supplemented by calcium salts of keto-analogs (CA) (200 mg/kg/day) were observed in a crossover study of phosphocalcic metabolism in 15 chronic dialysed patients during 15 days using a crossover device. CA were well tolerated but CA.RP was accompanied by a caloric diminution of 12% (p = 0.001) and albumin reduction of 5% (p = 0.004). Blood urea nitrogen was reduced by 32% (p = 0.001) with CA.RP. Blood creatinine was not modified by CA.RP or CA. RN. Blood phosphorus (P) and parathormone (PTH) levels were respectively reduced by 29% (p = 0.001) and 27% (p = 0.008) with CA.RP; and by 15% (p = 0.03) and 18% (p = 0.006) with CA.RN. Calcemia was raised about 9% (p = 0.002) by both sets of treatment. There was no significant difference between the two treatments. Thus CA can reduce P and PTH without need for a restricted protein diet which may be accompanied by complications on long term utilisation. PMID- 3173617 TI - [Results of a national survey apropos of a personal case report]. PMID- 3173618 TI - [Sero-epidemiology of viral hepatitis B in Tunisian hemodialysis centers]. PMID- 3173619 TI - [Results of concurrent flow dialysis on capillary dialyzers with high permeability. Comparison with the classical counter-current technic]. PMID- 3173620 TI - Dose- and time-dependent hippocampal cholinergic lesions induced by ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion: effects of nerve growth factor, GM1 ganglioside, and vitamin E. AB - Ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (ECMA) was infused intracerebroventricularly (icv) to rats followed by measurement of two markers of presynaptic cholinergic neurons, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and high affinity choline transport (HAChT), in the hippocampus and cortex. Bilateral icv administration of 1, 2, or 3 nmol of ECMA per side produced dose-dependent reductions in each marker in the hippocampus, but not in the cortex, one week after treatment. Reductions of 52% and 46% for ChAT activity and HAChT, respectively, were produced in the hippocampus by 3 nmol ECMA. Measurement of these two markers at different times after icv infusion of 2 nmol ECMA/ventricle revealed that the activity of ChAT was reduced to a greater extent than was HAChT in the hippocampus 1 day and 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after treatment. The maximal reductions of ChAT activity and HAChT (61% and 53%, respectively) were reached between 1 and 2 weeks after ECMA administration. There was no evidence of regeneration of either marker at 4 or 6 weeks posttreatment. HAChT and ChAT activity in the cortex were not altered at any of the posttreatment times examined. ECMA-induced deficits in hippocampal ChAT activity and HAChT were not counteracted by the following treatments: (i) daily administration of GM1 ganglioside (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (ip)) from the day prior to infusion of ECMA until 2 weeks later; (ii) daily administration of GM1 ganglioside between 2 and 6 weeks after infusion of ECMA; and (iii) icv administration of nerve growth factor (NGF) twice per week for 2 weeks after ECMA treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3173621 TI - Identification of calcium binding proteins from brain. AB - A procedure was worked out for purification and identification of calcium-binding proteins from bovine brain using Ca2+-dependent, reversible binding to a hydrophobic support, phenyl-Sepharose, as the method of isolation. These proteins could be visualized during and after their separation by running them on non denaturing polyacrylamide gels, blotting to Zeta-probe paper, and autoradiographing with 45Ca2+. About 24 polypeptides could be seen in this fraction on SDS (Laemmli) gels and about 8-10 native, Ca2+-binding proteins could be seen on non-denaturing gels and on blots of their 45Ca2+ autoradiographs. Some of these proteins could be purified further by chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and still retain their 45Ca2+-binding activity. PMID- 3173622 TI - The establishment of essential and metabolically derived amino acid profiles in developing chick embryo organs. AB - The accumulation of certain essential and metabolically derived amino acids in the free amino acid pools of three excitable tissues has been studied in the chick embryo. Valine together with leucine are at the onset present in the yolk at higher concentrations than any of the other essential amino acids. By 15 days all the amino acids studied have accumulated in the embryonic pools at a higher rate than valine, although certain amino acids, such as phenylalanine or methionine, always remain at lower relative concentrations than valine. This reflects their low supply in the yolk, rather than a more rapid rate of disappearance (utilization). During early embryogenesis (E2-E4), tissues preferentially concentrate glutamic acid, besides taurine and phosphoethanolamine (6). The next distinct stage of development (E4-E7) is marked in the brain by a gradual rise in glutamic acid, glutamine and aspartic acid; the same three amino acids do not demonstrate a further increase in the pool of the heart, while in the whole eye the amino acid profile begins to resemble the blood. Leucine in all three tissues declines rapidly, to reach isoleucine levels by day 7 of development; tyrosine increases slowly in apparent reciprocity to an equally gradual phenylalanine decrease. Into the second week of embryo growth (E7-E15), GABA appears in the mesencephalon (E7) and the eye (E9-E10). In the mesencephalon, the free amino acid pool composition exhibits a rather sudden increase of most metabolically derived amino acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3173623 TI - Cerebral microvascular and parenchymal phospholipid composition in the mouse. AB - Cerebral microvessels consisting predominantly of capillaries and small arterioles (less than 30 micron dia.) were isolated from the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of 3-month-old mice. Lipids were extracted from both microvascular and brain parenchymal fractions and the major phospholipid classes (choline phosphoglyceride, ethanolamine phosphoglyceride, inositol phosphoglyceride, serine phosphoglyceride, and sphingomyelin) separated by 2-dimensional TLC. Comparison of mol % determined by phosphate analysis of each phospholipid revealed significant differences in membrane composition of ethanolamine phosphoglyceride, inositol phosphoglyceride, and sphingomyelin between microvascular and parenchymal components of the central nervous system. Moreover, the choline phosphoglyceride/sphingomyelin mol ratio, one of three determinants of membrane fluidity, is significantly lower for microvessel membrane than for membranes of the brain parenchyma. PMID- 3173624 TI - Translational regulation in growing clonal human astrocytoma cells in culture. AB - The in vivo and in vitro protein synthesis by polysomes prepared from Cox astrocytoma cells grown in the presence of 100 mM ethanol were examined during transition from exponential to stationary growth phase. A sharp decline of translational activities of Cox poly (A) + messenger RNAs (mRNAs) occurred during this transition. This decline was accentuated when cells were grown in the presence of ethanol. The observed decline in mRNA translational activity was investigated in vitro in a micrococcal nuclease treated, mRNA depleted postmitochondrial supernatant (PMS) fraction containing [35S]methionine. The formation of the 35S-labeled 40S ternary complex in the absence of mRNA and of the 35S-labeled 80S initiation complex in the presence of Cox or brain poly (A) + mRNAs were reduced substantially when the source of PMS was from stationary phase or ethanol exposed cells. The sedimentation of peaks containing 40S ternary and 80S initiation complexes following sucrose density gradient analysis showed marked reductions in [35S]methionine labeling during the transition to stationary phase and also following ethanol exposure. The reduced formation of initiation complexes suggests possible functional modifications of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2) present in the PMS fraction and of mRNAs under these conditions. Data suggest that cells initiate adaptive or protective mechanisms by reducing the rate of the initiation reaction following environmental alterations produced by ethanol. PMID- 3173627 TI - [Delayed effect of radiation therapy on extracerebral cavernous angioma in the middle fossa]. AB - This is a report of a case with extracerebral cavernous angioma in the middle fossa which had received radiation therapy. Follow-up study with serial computed tomography during and after irradiation were presented. A 62-year-old housewife complained of vertigo. CT scan revealed a slightly high density area in the left middle cranial fossa which was markedly enhanced with contrast media. Left carotid angiography demonstrated a large avascular mass in the left middle fossa and no feeding artery or draining vein was visualized except a faint irregular stain in the venous phase. Irradiation with a total dose of 50 Gy was delivered. At the end of radiation, CT scan revealed a slight decrease in size and CT number of the tumor. Follow-up CT scans 5 months later showed 50% regression of the tumor and 19 months later were negative for tumor. It is concluded that in case of an extracerebral cavernous angioma with massive hemorrhage, radiation of up to 30-50 Gy was a method of choice. The treatment results in the possibility of eliminating surgery and the benefit of irradiation may not become evident until the first year. PMID- 3173626 TI - Myo-inositol transport through the blood-brain barrier. AB - The unidirectional transport of [3H]myo-inositol across cerebral capillaries, the anatomical locus of the blood-brain barrier, was measured using an in situ rat brain perfusion technique. Myo-inositol was transported across the blood-brain barrier by a low capacity, saturable system with a one-half saturation concentration of approximately 0.1 mM. The permeability surface-area product was 6.2 x 10(-5) S-1 with a myo-inositol concentration of 0.02 mM in the perfusate. The myo-inositol stereoisomer scyllo-inositol but not (+)-chiro-inositol (both 1 mM) inhibited myo-inositol transfer through the blood-brain barrier. These observations provide evidence that myo-inositol is transferred through the blood brain barrier by simple diffusion and a stereospecific, saturable transport system. PMID- 3173628 TI - [A case of spontaneous superficial temporal artery aneurysm]. AB - A rare case of a 14-year-old boy with a spontaneous (true) aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery is presented. The mass in the right parietal region was pulsatile and gradually enlarged in size for the last several months without any notable history of head trauma. The mass was successfully removed by surgery and has proved histopathologically to be a true aneurysm. While almost all cases of the superficial temporal artery aneurysm reported are traumatic ones, the true aneurysm of this artery which is verified by angiography is extremely rare. The pathology, etiology and treatment of this true aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery were discussed. PMID- 3173625 TI - Developmental changes and regional distribution of phospholipase D and base exchange enzyme activities in rat brain. AB - Phospholipase D (PL-D) activity per mg protein of whole homogenate increased 5.1 fold between Embryonic (E) day 17 and Postpartum (P) day 14 and slightly decreased by P 30 days. This was due to the decrease of PL-D activity of the P2 fraction. The PL-D activity of P2 and P3 fractions increased 11.2 and 6.1 fold respectively between E 17 and P 14. The 3 base exchange enzyme (BEE) activities per mg protein of whole homogenate increased up to P 14 or P 21 and then decreased. This decrease was greater in the P2 fraction and the P3 fraction increased after P 14. Brains from 1 day to 25 month old rats were dissected into 7 separate regions and both PL-D and BEE activities were measured. In adult rats, the hippocampus and hypothalamus had the highest PL-D activities while medulla + pons and cerebellum had the lowest PL-D activities. The developmental patterns of 5 regions except for hippocampus and hypothalamus were similar. PL-D activity in the hippocampus was maximum at P 7 followed by a steep decrease till P 30 suggesting that the PL-D activity of the hypothalamus develops later and that of the hippocampus develops earlier than any other region. The distributions of BEE activities were quite different from those of PL-D activities. In adult rats, the cerebellum had the highest activity while the striatum and medulla + pons had the lowest. The BEE activities of cerebellum were lowest at P 1 and showed steep increase during the next 2 weeks. PMID- 3173629 TI - [Clinical application of microfibrillar collagen hemostat (Avitene) in neurosurgical field]. AB - Microfibrillar collagen hemostat (Avitene) is a new absorbable hemostatic agent, of which mechanisms are adhesion to the bleeding site and platelet aggregation. Histopathological examinations revealed that Avitene was biocompatible with cerebral cortex in an animal experiments. Our previous studies indicated that Avitene is very effective and safe to use as a topical hemostatic agent during craniotomy in an experimental animal. Avitene was used as a topical hemostatic agent during craniotomy in 36 patients with intracranial organic lesions. Its effectiveness of hemostasis was revealed in 95%. This agent was especially useful to prevent oozing during craniotomy. Side effect of this agent was not reported in this study. Therefore, Avitene is very effective and safe to use as a topical hemostatic agent in the neurosurgical field. PMID- 3173630 TI - [Three-dimensional correlation between auditory brainstem response and auditory tract in hypertensive pontine hematoma]. AB - A three-dimensional reconstructed display using a microcomputer represents the spatial correlation between the nuclei of auditory tract and pontine hematoma. Stereotaxic evacuation of hematoma was performed on seven cases of pontine hemorrhage. By making a comparison between preoperative and postoperative findings of ABR and this display, we examined the effect of the surgical intervention on ABR findings. ABR was recorded according to the standard way (100 dBSL, 2000 click stimuli). Hematoma was drawn on the Atlas of the Human Brainstem and Cerebellar Nuclei by Farhad Afshar. The data plotted on digitizer was inputted and processed under our computer program that enables the brainstem and hematoma visualized and rotated three-dimensionally at our option. The results were as follows: a) ipsilateral dominance in human auditory tract in terms of the origin of ABR waves, b) delayed latency time of wave II which was supposed to be based on an influence upon the ipsilateral superior olivary nucleus, c) that of wave III upon the ipsilateral lateral lemniscus, d) four cases of them showed an improvement of I-III interpeak latency time, which suggested the decompressive effect on caudal aspect of pons. PMID- 3173632 TI - [Analysis of internal carotid-posterior communicating artery aneurysms with difficulty in clipping: with special reference to radiometry]. AB - Although internal carotid-posterior communicating artery (ICPC) aneurysms seem to be one of the easiest to be operated on, some are known difficult to handle and could not be successfully clipped even with all sorts of preparations. It is, therefore, essential to analyze ICPC aneurysms with difficulty in clipping. Out of 106 cases with ICPC aneurysms admitted to Kyoto University Hospital since May 1977, 83 cases have been registered in this study to the exclusion of either non operated cases or giant aneurysm cases. Cases with difficulty in clipping procedure are selected and classified depending on its causes, which were judged from operation records as well as operative photographs. Angiograms have been checked to discuss whether possible causes of difficulty in clipping could have been suspected preoperatively. Radiometry were also performed in the following items; distance between the anterior clinoid process (ACP) and proximal side of the aneurysmal neck (W) in AP view, distance of proximal side of the neck from ACP (D) and its height (H) from the baseline between the ACP and posterior clinoid process in lateral view. Causes of difficulty in clipping procedure can be grouped as follows: a) ventrally directed dome of the aneurysm (9 cases), b) incision of the plica petroclinoidea anterior (PPA) or removal of the anterior clinoid process (ACP) to identify proximal side of the neck (7 cases: b group), c) saucer-shaped dome with no apparent neck, d) branches of the internal carotid artery from dome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3173631 TI - [Spinal epidural tumors without destructive bone change: clinical and radiological studies]. AB - CT in 61 patients having spinal epidural tumors were reviewed. Of these patients twelve had an epidural mass lacking of destructive bone change. Histological examination of these 12 cases revealed that usual carcinomatous tumors are relatively less common but sarcomatous tumors and malignant hematologic neoplasms are more likely to form an epidural mass without bone destruction. The tumors preponderance thoracic spine and extended usually more than three spinal levels along spinal axis. In all but one tumor masses were found in the intervertebral foramen and the paraspinal region in addition to the spinal canal. Contrast enhanced CT was particularly effective to delineate tumor location and extension. Ring enhancement of the dural sac which constricted by epidural masses was considered pathognomonic of epidural tumors. PMID- 3173633 TI - [Treatment of vasospasm after ruptured cerebral aneurysms by 'pellet-cisternal drain: PCD' containing sustained-release vasodilators]. AB - Diltiazem or papaverine hydrochloride as vasodilators were polymerized with silicon polymer (MDX-4-4210: Dow Co.). The silicon pellets containing the drugs were placed in cisternal drainage tubes made of silicon, and used for the continuous cisternal drainage after the operations of ruptured cerebral aneurysms. This system was tentatively termed 'pellet-cisternal-drain; PCD'. The rate of diffusion of the drug from the pellets was examined in 30 patients who underwent surgery for ruptured cerebral aneurysms in the acute phase on the 0-4th postical days. 73.3% of patients had severe subarachnoid hemorrhage as group 3-4 in Fisher's classification in CT scan. The concentration of either drug in the cerebrospinal fluid on the 2nd to 3rd postoperative days reached the level of the maximum concentration obtained after bolus injection, and the level on the 5th to 10th postoperative days was similar to that observed several hours after bolus injection. The data showed that the sustained release pellet can act as a vasodilator, and its effects on cerebral vessels after an episode of subarachnoid hemorrhage continue for 2 to 3 weeks. All patients except one showed excellent results and returned to normal life. PMID- 3173634 TI - [Matas procedure in the treatment of spontaneous carotid cavernous sinus fistula: a complication of retinal hemorrhage]. AB - We herein report three cases of the dural internal type of spontaneous carotid cavernous sinus fistula (SCCF) which seemed to be improved by the Matas procedure. Sequential cerebral angiography revealed that thrombosis formation in the peripheral side of the draining vein resulted in a closure of the fistula. During this course of spontaneous regression, retinal findings were transiently exacerbated in some cases. The retinal hemorrhage seemed to be induced by central retinal vein occlusion and hypoxic retinopathy which preceded the spontaneous regression of SCCF. It was confirmed that the Matas procedure should be tried as the first choice for the treatment of SCCF, particularly in the dural internal type. However, fundus findings must be carefully monitored. PMID- 3173635 TI - [Emergency embolectomy in embolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery]. AB - The natural course of embolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) has many variations, which include the frequent appearance of hemorrhagic infarction. There are also fatal cases among which severe ischemic edema is found. There haven's been many cases reported of MCA embolectomy in the acute stage, and findings concerning them have been very complicated and hard to analyze. Nevertheless there certainly exist cases where remarkable improvement of neurological signs is shown soon after the procedure. Five cases of emergency embolectomy have been undergone in our hospital in the past 2 years. The results were better than results obtained in cases where embolectomy was not performed. Three male and two female cases are the objectives, whose average age was 61 +/- 6 years (ranging from 54 to 67 years). The left side of the MC was involved in three cases and the right in two, and all cases had past history of heart diseases which may have been the embolic source. Each case had undergone CT scan soon after admission to make sure not to be the other type of intracranial lesion. Cerebral angiography was performed next, to discover the site of the occlusion and the degree of collateral circulation. Emergency embolectomy was performed as soon as possible in every case. The functional outcome was estimated from the ADL three months later using the international fifth degree grading. RESULTS: The period from onset to recanalization ranges between 4.5 to 11 hours (average 6.9 +/- 2.5 hours). Good MC recanalization was demonstrated in each case angiographically within a week after the operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3173636 TI - [Basal encephalocele--a report of two cases and consideration of its pathogenetic classification]. AB - The authors have experienced two cases of basal encephalocele without intra and extra cranial anomalies. We have reviewed previous reported cases and studied, from the view point of developmental pathology, reasons why these cases did not have associated anomalies. In this paper we will report our two cases of basal encephalocele and propose a new classification for it, based upon the developmental pathology of the basal part of the skull and associated anomalies. Case 1. A 32 year old male complained of continuous rhinorrhea for 8 months. Coronal CT scan demonstrated a defect of the right sphenoid and ethmoid bone, and a protrusion of isodensity mass, which was enhanced by administration of metrizamide in the subarachnoid space. During the operation, the protruded mass was removed, and the defects of bone and dura mater were repaired. Postoperative course was uneventful. Case 2. A 33 year old male was referred from the department of otology to the department of neurosurgery, because of rhinorrhea and the presence of brain tissue at the time of nasal operation 3 months before. Coronal CT scan revealed a defect of the left ethmoid bone and a protrusion of isodensity mass in it. RI cisternography clearly demonstrated the leakage of CSF through the left nasal cavity. During the operation, the protruded mass was removed and the bone and dura mater defects were repaired. Postoperative course was uneventful. The common findings of both cases are that they were diagnosed by accident in adulthood cases of rhinorrhea, and midsagittal basal bone structure was preserved without extra and intra cranial anomalies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3173637 TI - Possible involvement of the hypothalamic dopaminergic system in the prolactin inhibitory effects of the pineal gland in blind-anosmic male rats. AB - The purpose of the present study was to assess whether the pineal-induced suppression of prolactin (PRL) cell activity in blind-anosmic (BA) rats was possibly mediated via the hypothalamic dopaminergic system. Prepubertal male rats were divided into the following groups: sham-operated (Sham), BA and blind anosmic-pinealectomized (BAP). Animals from each group were sacrificed 1, 4 and 8 weeks after the operations. Blinding and anosmia resulted in pineal-dependent decreases in the weight of the testes, accessory organs and anterior pituitaries at 4 and 8 weeks but not 1 week after the operations. Likewise serum PRL levels were significantly decreased in BA rats at 4 and 8 weeks but this effect was not prevented in BAP rats. Hypothalamic dopamine (DA) turnover in BA rats at 1 week was twice that seen in either the Sham or BAP groups at that time; this effect ended by 4 weeks. There were no effects of any treatment on DA turnover at 8 weeks. Finally, PRL cell sensitivity to DA inhibition was determined by measuring the release of PRL from pituitaries incubated in vitro with either vehicle or 5 x 10(-7) M DA. None of the treatments caused significant alterations in the response to DA, though this must be interpreted with caution since only one dose of DA was used. From these data we conclude that: (1) there is an increase in DA neuron activity that precedes the inhibition of both PRL secretion and the reproductive system in BA rats, and (2) the inhibition of PRL cell activity in these animals is apparently not due to an increase in sensitivity to DA. PMID- 3173638 TI - Axons containing a prolactin-like peptide project into the perivascular layer of the median eminence: an immunocytochemical light and electron microscope study in adult and infant rats. AB - A light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study was undertaken to explore the fine structural organization of prolactin-immunoreactive axons in the rat median eminence. In adult intact males and females and in hypophysectomized females, light microscopic immunocytochemical labeling of the mediobasal hypothalamus revealed a marked concentration of prolactin-like immunoreactive fibers in the perivascular layer throughout the median eminence and the hypophysial stalk. At the electron microscopic level, immunostaining was associated with typical neurosecretory axons located either in the palisade layer where they displayed numerous contacts with tanycyte processes, or in the perivascular layer where they frequently contacted the perivascular space. Within the labeled axonal profiles, immunostaining was essentially located on secretory granules, 90-120 nm in diameter, whereas the microvesicles accumulated in some perivascular profiles constantly remained unlabeled. These data strongly suggest that most prolactin-immunoreactive axons of the median eminence release their content into the hypophysial portal vessels. In 1-day-old infant rats, intensely prolactin-like immunoreactive fibers were similarly localized in the most external layer of the median eminence, in which, contrary to adult animals, very slight if any tyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers were detected. Since earlier studies have provided evidence for a nondopaminergic prolactin-release inhibiting factor in the hypothalamus of infant rats, and for an inhibitory effect of prolactin on pituitary mammotrophs, we propose that hypothalamic prolactin may contribute, as an additional prolactin-release-inhibiting factor, to the multifactorial control of pituitary mammotrophs. PMID- 3173639 TI - Effects of ovariectomy and estradiol replacement on the binding of 125I neurotensin in rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. AB - Distribution and density of specific high-affinity 125I-neurotensin-binding sites were examined by light microscopic radioautography in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of normal cycling, ovariectomized, or ovariectomized and estradiol implanted female rats. In all three experimental groups, intense 125I-neurotensin labeling was detected within the ventrolateral component of the SCN. Whereas the topographic distribution and spread of the label was similar between each group, the density of the label was significantly higher (mean increase: 122%) in ovariectomized than in normally cycling females within the rostral third of the SCN. This effect was no longer apparent in females chronically implanted with estradiol at the time of gonadectomy. These results indicate that plasma gonadal steroids may regulate neurotensin receptors in the rat SCN. It is suggested that this mechanism might be implicated in the feedback control of gonadotropin and prolactin secretion. PMID- 3173640 TI - Subfornical organ connections with septal neurons projecting to the median eminence. AB - We have examined the effect of electrical stimulation in the subfornical organ (SFO) on the activity of neurons in the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca (MS-DBB) which project to the median eminence in the rat. Previous studies have suggested that septal neurons with such projections are luteinizing hormone releasing hormone neurons. Extracellular single-unit recordings were obtained from 69 neurons in the MS-DBB which were antidromically identified as projecting to the median eminence. Electrical stimulation (100-400 microA) in the SFO resulted in a relatively short-latency (22.8 +/- 0.8 ms), short-duration (9.2 +/- 0.8 ms) activation of 85% of 41 antidromically identified MS-DBB neurons tested. One neuron was inhibited by SFO stimulation, while the remaining 12% were unaffected. Stimulation in nearby regions, including the hippocampal commissure and paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, failed to elicit a similar excitatory response from 19 identified MS-DBB neurons. These results identify a neuronal pathway between the SFO and septal neurons which project to the median eminence, supporting a possible role for the SFO in the control of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone release and hence gonadotropin secretion. PMID- 3173641 TI - Feedback regulation of pulsatile LH secretion in the ewe: stimulation of frequency by estradiol. AB - This study tested the hypothesis that estradiol can enhance LH pulse frequency in the ewe by an action which does not depend on other ovarian hormones. Long-term ovariectomized ewes were treated with a small subcutaneous estradiol implant at a time equivalent to the early breeding season (October), and frequent blood samples (6-min intervals) were obtained during sequential 3-hour periods over the next 84 h. All ewes responded with an increase in frequency of LH pulses, a response evident by 60 h and maintained at 84 h after initiation of the estradiol stimulus. Mean (+/- SE) pretreatment frequency was one pulse every 41 +/- 2 min; that at the height of the response was one pulse every 34 +/- 2 min (p less than 0.01). This increased rate was equivalent to the annual mid-winter maximum observed in ovariectomized ewes not treated with estradiol. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that estradiol can enhance LH pulse frequency by an action which does not depend on other ovarian steroids. It is suggested that this action contributes to the heightened pace of LH pulses during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle. PMID- 3173642 TI - Autoradiographic characterization of binding sites labelled with vasopressin in the brain of a urodele amphibian. AB - Because arginine vasotocin (AVT) activates male sexual behaviors in the rough skinned newt (Taricha granulosa), quantitative autoradiography with radiolabelled arginine vasopressin (3H-AVP) was used to characterize putative AVT receptors in the telencephalon of this amphibian. Analyses were restricted to specific binding sites in the medial pallium, although dense binding also was observed in the dorsal pallium and amygdala pars lateralis. Binding of 3H-AVP to these sites was saturable, specific, reversible, of high affinity (Kd = 1 nM) and low capacity (57 fmol/mg protein). The rank order of potency of related peptides in inhibiting 3H-AVP binding was as follows: AVT greater than d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2]AVP (a mammalian pressor antagonist) greater than AVP, oxytocin, and [dPen1Tyr(Me)2]AVP (also a pressor antagonist) greater than mesotocin much greater than desGly(NH2)AVP, AVP fragment 4-9 and pressinoic acid. Thus, these binding sites appear to represent authentic central nervous system receptors for AVT. Furthermore, ligand specificity for the binding sites in this amphibian differ from that reported for AVP binding sites in rat brains. The AVT receptors in the medial pallium, dorsal pallium, and amygdala pars lateralis may represent site(s) of action where AVT elicits sexual behaviors in male T. granulosa. PMID- 3173643 TI - Chronic morphine and testosterone treatment. Effects on sexual behavior and dopamine metabolism in male rats. AB - The effects of sustained delivery of morphine and/or testosterone (T) on male rat copulatory behavior, penile reflexes and dopaminergic metabolism in selected brain regions were examined. Castration was followed by (1) a decrease in the number of male rats exhibiting intromissive and ejaculatory behavior in mating tests, (2) decreased erections in ex copula tests, and (3) increases in dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) concentrations in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and the preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus (POA-AH). The decreased incidence of copulatory behavior and penile reflexes seen after castration was effectively prevented by a 4-day treatment with 5-mm T-containing Silastic capsules. Chronic morphine implants, conversely, accentuated the castration-induced decrements in copulatory behavior and prevented the 5-mm-T induced facilitation, but did not alter the number of animals displaying erection (although the number of erections displayed by testosterone-treated rats was reduced) in ex copula tests. Treatment of castrated rats with 5 mm T, but not morphine alone, nor the combination of 5 mm T plus morphine, significantly reduced dopamine and DOPAC levels in the MBH. In the POA-AH, 5 mm T was without effect, whereas morphine, alone or in combination with 5 mm T, reduced the levels of dopamine and DOPAC. These data suggest that (1) the decline in sexual behavior induced by chronic morphine is primarily due to a failure of sexual arousal, and not of erectile ability, and (2) although the decline in sexual activity seen after castration is associated with alterations in dopaminergic metabolism, the effects of morphine and testosterone on sexual activity are opposite and dissociated from alterations in dopaminergic metabolism. PMID- 3173644 TI - Factors influencing the outcome of aneurysm rupture in poor grade patients: a prospective series. AB - When is the outlook hopeless after rupture of an intracranial aneurysm? Some data bearing on the answer to this important question were obtained in a prospective, multicenter trial of 184 poor grade patients in a study of the calcium antagonist nimodipine. Entry was within 3 days of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The admission work-up included angiography of the anterior and posterior circulations and computed tomographic (CT) scans. The angiograms were repeated as close to Day 8 post-SAH as possible, and the CT scans were repeated at 3 months at the time of follow-up neurological assessment. Radiological assessment was performed independently of knowledge of drug treatment or patient outcome. A discriminant function analysis indicated that the relative importance of factors prognostic for outcome was, in order of importance: whether the patient was treated surgically, neurological grade on admission, age, initial systolic blood pressure, and aneurysm size. The discriminant function analysis correctly classified 80% of our cases. A constellation of poor prognostic features will aid the neurosurgeon in treating a patient conservatively and appropriately advising relatives. The ultimate decision on how to treat a given patient continues to depend partly on clinical judgement, which remains intuitive and subject to influences not studied here. PMID- 3173645 TI - De novo saccular aneurysms. AB - The authors report two patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in whom carotid arteriography revealed aneurysms that had developed at previously normal locations and from infundibula during the years since initial angiography. Neither of these patients had congenital anomalies of the cerebral circulation and, apart from smoking in excess of 30 cigarettes a day, there were no common clinical features. The role of congenital and environmental factors in the formation of aneurysms and the enlargement of infundibula are reviewed. PMID- 3173646 TI - Marked growth of an angiographically occult arteriovenous malformation: case report. AB - The authors report a case of an angiographically occult arteriovenous malformation (AVM) that showed a marked increase in size over a period of 7 years. The importance of accurate diagnosis, follow-up computed tomography and repeated angiography, if needed, is stressed in cases where enlargement of an occult AVM is suspected. PMID- 3173647 TI - Direct puncture of the cavernous sinus for obliteration of a recurrent carotid cavernous fistula. AB - The authors report direct transcutaneous puncture of the cavernous sinus through an intact orbit for embolization of a recurrent carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) after 10 prior operations. The fistula was obliterated completely with this technique. No significant complication was noted except temporary ptosis for about 2 months. When other approaches are difficult or impossible, this technique can be an alternate way to treat a recurrent CCF after a trapping procedure. PMID- 3173648 TI - Intracranial phycomycosis: case reports. AB - Cerebral phycomycosis is a rare disease. We describe two patients with unusual features of focal intracranial phycomycosis: a diabetic patient with chronic epidural abscess and a healthy individual with an isolated intracerebral abscess. Biopsy established the diagnosis in both patients. Treatment was successful in the patient with intracerebral abscess. PMID- 3173649 TI - Spinal subependymoma presenting as an extramedullary tumor: case report. AB - A rare case of cervicothoracic subependymoma in a 25-year-old man is described. The tumor appeared as an extramedullary mass lesion, but a discrete, less well demarcated portion was observed in the lateral part of the cord at the T2 level. Previous reports of spinal subependymomas are reviewed, and nosological possibilities of extramedullary presentation are discussed. PMID- 3173650 TI - Pyriformis syndrome in a 10-year-old boy as a complication of operation with the patient in the sitting position. AB - We present a case of sciatic neuropathy due to the pyriformis syndrome after operation in the sitting position. Neither sciatic nerve injury nor the pyriformis syndrome has been reported after operation in the sitting position, although a low incidence of common peroneal nerve injury has been reported as a complication of operation on patients who are in the sitting position. The clinical findings of sciatic neuropathy, external rotation of the ipsilateral foot in the position of comfort, and a therapeutic response to local anesthetic injection into the pyriformis muscle are diagnostic of the syndrome. Nerve conduction studies should be performed to aid in the differentiation between a common peroneal and sciatic neuropathy. The syndrome may occur because of extreme flexion of the hips and prolonged pressure while in the sitting position, leading to pyriformis muscle trauma, resultant spasm, and sciatic compression. The prognosis is for complete recovery after symptomatic treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medication and physical therapy. PMID- 3173651 TI - Giant cell tumor of the skull: case report. AB - The case of a 16-year-old girl with giant cell tumor involving the occipital bone is described. The radiological and pathological findings are detailed, followed by a discussion of the literature. PMID- 3173652 TI - Radiofrequency hyperthermia for brain tumors. PMID- 3173653 TI - Halifax interlaminar clamps. PMID- 3173654 TI - Glioma recurrence after interstitial irradiation. PMID- 3173655 TI - Outpatient microdiscectomy. PMID- 3173656 TI - Praziquantel vs. albendazol for cysticercosis. PMID- 3173657 TI - Tumors involving the facial nerve. PMID- 3173658 TI - Freehand needle biopsy. PMID- 3173659 TI - Zygomaticotemporal approach to the basis cranii and basilar artery. AB - When using the zygomaticotemporal approach, one removes the whole of the zygomatic bone with its attachment to the masseter muscle, allowing a lower and more anterior approach to the interpeduncular cistern along the inferomedial surface of the temporal lobe. Minimal brain retraction is required to give an excellent view of the bifurcation of the basilar artery and of the suprasellar region. PMID- 3173660 TI - Suppression of splenic natural killer cell activity in rats with brain tumors. AB - After inoculating 9L glioma cells into the brains or into subcutaneous regions of the back of rats, we investigated splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity for 3 weeks using a 4-hour 51Cr release assay. Only rats with brain tumors showed decreased splenic NK cell activity. The spleens of these rats were morphologically small and atrophic. Expansive brain tumors were compressing the basal ganglia, thalamus, and hypothalamus after 2 weeks, and the rats ultimately died of cerebral herniation, usually by 3 weeks after inoculation. The decreased splenic NK cell activity in rats with brain tumors might be the result of neuroimmunomodulation secondary to hypothalamic dysfunction due to increasing tumor compression. PMID- 3173661 TI - Acute traumatic atlas fractures: management and long term outcome. AB - Fractures of the 1st cervical vertebra (C1) represent 7% of all acute cervical spine fractures. Isolated atlas fractures are most commonly bilateral or multiple fractures through the ring of C1. Frequently (44% of cases), the atlas will be fractured in combination with the axis. Treatment of isolated C1 fractures should be governed by the rules of Spence. The treatment of combination C1-C2 fractures is dictated by the type and severity of the C2 fracture. Experience with 57 cases of acute atlas fractures is reviewed. Nonoperative external immobilization was used in 53 patients (with 1 failure), and early surgical wiring and fusion were performed in 4 patients. The long term outcome from an atlas fracture is good (median follow-up, 40 months). PMID- 3173662 TI - Thoracic intervertebral disc herniations: diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Thoracic disc herniation is relatively rare and frequently poses a challenge in clinical diagnosis. These protrusions have been categorized into two major anatomical types and three main clinical syndromes. A number of characteristic radiographic features have been reported. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained popularity as a neurodiagnostic imaging tool. A series of nine cases of thoracic intervertebral disc herniation is reported. The clinical aspects of the cases are discussed, and the potential value of spine MRI for thoracic disc herniation diagnosis is emphasized. PMID- 3173663 TI - Asymptomatic acute bilateral epidural hematoma: results of broader indications for computed tomographic scanning of patients with minor head injuries. AB - The authors report the case of a patient with an apparently minor head injury in whom broader indications for computed tomographic (CT) scanning allowed the early detection and treatment of an acute bilateral extradural hematoma. CT scanning of adult patients with linear skull fractures should be done whenever possible. PMID- 3173664 TI - Extradural hematoma: analysis of factors influencing the courses of 161 patients. AB - The clinical and computed tomographic (CT) findings in a series of 161 consecutive patients operated upon for postraumatic extradural hematoma are analyzed. Thirteen (8%) patients had delayed epidural hematoma formation. The overall mortality for the series was 12%, significantly lower than that observed during the prior "angiographic" period at the same unit (30%). Because all but 1 of the deaths occurred among the 66 patients unconscious at the time of operation (27% mortality in this subgroup), the authors sought differential factors between comatose and noncomatose patients at operation. There were no significant differences between these groups in age, sex, mechanism of injury, preoperative course of consciousness (lucid interval or not), or epidural hematoma location and shape. In contrast, significant differences were seen between the two subgroups in trauma-to-operation interval, hematoma volume, CT hematoma density (mixed low-high CT density vs. homogeneous hyperdensity), midline displacement, severity of associated intracranial lesions, and postoperative intracranial pressure (ICP). Patients comatose at operation usually evidenced a more rapid clinical deterioration (a shorter trauma-to-operation interval) and tended to have a large hematoma volume, a higher incidence of mixed CT density clot (hyperacute bleeding), more marked shift of midline structures, more severe associated lesions, and higher postoperative ICP levels. PMID- 3173665 TI - Microsurgical anatomy of the posterior fossa cisterns. AB - The microsurgical anatomy of the posterior fossa cisterns was examined in 15 cadavers using 3X to 40X magnification. Liliequist's membrane was found to split into two arachnoidal sheets as it spreads upward from the dorsum sellae: an upper sheet, called the diencephalic membrane, which attaches to the diencephalon at the posterior edge of the mamillary bodies, and a lower sheet, called the mesencephalic membrane, which attaches along the junction of the midbrain and pons. Several other arachnoidal membranes that separate the cisterns were identified. These include the anterior pontine membrane, which separates the prepontine and cerebellopontine cisterns; the lateral pontomesencephalic membrane, which separates the ambient and cerebellopontine cisterns; the medial pontomedullary membrane, which separates the premedullary and prepontine cisterns; and the lateral pontomedullary membrane, which separates the cerebellopontine and cerebellomedullary cisterns. The three cisterns in which the arachnoid trabeculae and membranes are the most dense and present the greatest obstacle at operation are the interpeduncular and quadrigeminal cisterns and the cisterna magna. Numerous arachnoid membranes were found to intersect the oculomotor nerves. The neural and vascular structures in each cistern are reviewed. PMID- 3173666 TI - Posterior fossa subdural effusion due to head trauma. AB - We report 3 cases of posterior fossa subdural effusion resulting from head trauma, and we review 20 previously reported cases. All patients with the acute type presented with progressive deterioration of consciousness associated with stiff neck, seizure, and dyspnea (apnea). By contrast, in the subacute or chronic type, persistent headache, multiple cranial nerve pareses, and ataxia were characteristic. Occipital bone fracture was common in the acute type, and supratentorial subdural effusion was more frequently associated with the subacute or chronic type. Evacuation of the subdural fluid collection through a burr hole is the most common and effective treatment, but subdural-peritoneal shunting or closed drainage of the subdural fluid collection may be necessary. The prognosis of posterior fossa subdural effusion after head trauma is relatively good. PMID- 3173667 TI - Life-threatening torsade de pointes arrhythmia associated with head injury. AB - Torsade de pointes (atypical ventricular tachycardia) occurred in a 75-year-old man 1 day after blunt head injury, in association with a focal intracerebral hematoma in the left thalamic area. The causal relationship between the traumatic stimulation of the left sympathetic pathway and the development of this life threatening arrhythmia is discussed. PMID- 3173668 TI - Multiple intracranial aneurysms: magnetic resonance imaging for determination of the site of rupture. Report of a case. AB - In a patient with multiple intracranial aneurysms, the clinical examination, computed tomographic brain scan, and cerebral angiogram failed to disclose which of five aneurysms had ruptured. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed high signal intensity compatible with hemorrhage in the lower portion of one cerebellar tonsil, and a corresponding posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm was successfully obliterated. We would add MRI to the list of useful adjuncts in identifying which of multiple aneurysms bled. PMID- 3173669 TI - Imaging local cerebral blood flow by Xenon-enhanced computed tomography- technical optimization procedures. AB - Methods are described for non-invasive, computer-assisted serial scanning throughout the human brain during eight minutes of inhalation of 27%-30% Xenon gas in order to measure local cerebral blood flow (LCBF). Optimized Xenon enhanced computed tomography (XeCT) was achieved by 5-second scanning at one minute intervals utilizing a state-of-the-art CT scanner and rapid delivery of Xenon gas via a face mask. Values for local brain-blood partition coefficients (L lambda) measured in vivo were utilized to calculate LCBF values. Previous methods assumed L lambda values to be normal, introducing the risk of systematic errors, because L lambda values differ throughout normal brain and may be altered by disease. Color-coded maps of L lambda and LCBF values were formatted directly onto CT images for exact correlation of function with anatomic and pathologic observations (spatial resolution: 26.5 cubic mm). Results were compared among eight normal volunteers, aged between 50 and 88 years. Mean cortical gray matter blood flow was 46.3 +/- 7.7, for subcortical gray matter was 50.3 +/- 13.2 and for white matter was 18.8 +/- 3.2. Modern CT scanners provide stability, improved signal to noise ratio and minimal radiation scatter. Combining these advantages with rapid Xenon saturation of the blood provides correlations of L lambda and LCBF with images of normal and abnormal brain in a safe, useful and non-invasive manner. PMID- 3173670 TI - "Top of the basilar" syndrome: a comparison of clinical and MR findings. AB - Among 100 patients with an infarction of the brain reported on MR and clinically confirmed there were 4 with widespread lesions of the temporal and occipital lobes, thalamus, midbrain, pons and cerebellum, all supplied by arteries originating around the top of the basilar artery. Clinically these patients presented the "top of the basilar" syndrome, which is caused by a disturbance in circulation at the top of the basilar artery. Which brain areas are involved may be deduced theoretically from the vascular anatomy. These lesions can, we believe, be clearly detected using MR, because of its sensitivity to ischaemic disturbances and in the posterior fossa. We report our 4 patients here to illustrate the clinical presentation and MR findings of the "top of the basilar" syndrome. PMID- 3173671 TI - MR imaging of intraspinal tumors--capability in histological differentiation and compartmentalization of extramedullary tumors. AB - Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 29 consecutive patients with intraspinal neoplasms (9 intramedullary tumors, 20 extramedullary tumors) were reviewed to evaluate the utility of MR imaging in distinguishing the intraspinal compartmental localisation and signal characteristics of each lesion. Compartment and histology of all neoplasms were surgically proven. MR correctly assigned one of three compartments to all lesions, 9 intramedullary, 14 intradural extramedullary (6 schwannomas, 3 neurofibromas, 5 meningiomas), and 6 extradural (3 schwannomas, 1 meningioma, 1 cavernous hemangioma, 1 metastatic renal cell carcinoma). All intramedullary tumors showed swelling of the spinal cord itself. In all five extradural tumors a low intensity band was visualized between the spinal cord and tumor. On the other hand, a low intensity band was demonstrated in no cases with intradural tumors. Visualization of this low intensity band is important in differentiating extradural from intradural-extramedullary lesions. We call this low intensity band, "the extradural sign". Signal intensity of intradural tumors varied with histology. In extramedullary tumors, signal intensity of schwannomas was similar to that of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) both on T1 weighted (inversion recovery) and T2 weighted spin echo (SE) images. On the other hand, meningiomas tended to be isointense to the spinal cord on both T1 and T2 weighted SE images. We found relatively reliable signal characteristics to discriminate meningioma from schwannoma. PMID- 3173672 TI - MRI and hydrocephalus in childhood. AB - In six young patients presenting with raised intracranial pressure during the period of a year, CT revealed the presence of hydrocephalus, but not the cause. Magnetic Resonance Imaging not only showed the site and nature of the obstructing lesion, but also detected additional clinically silent spinal cord tumors in five of the patients. The place of MRI in the diagnosis of diseases involving the region of the cranio-cervical junction and in the elucidation of "unexplained hydrocephalus" is considered. PMID- 3173673 TI - Computed tomography of cavernous sinus diseases. AB - We retrospectively analyzed CT scans of 21 cavernous sinus lesions in an attempt to discover CT findings helpful to the differential diagnosis. With the integration of various CT observations it was possible to categorize the lesions into inflammatory, vascular, benign neoplastic and malignant metastatic lesions with few exceptions. Four of 5 cases of septic cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis revealed unilateral or bilateral multiple irregular filling defects in the enhancing cavernous sinus with or without orbital inflammatory change. Four of 5 cases of carotid-cavernous fistula demonstrated unilateral or bilateral diffuse bulging and homogeneous enhancement of the cavernous sinus with obliteration of normal low densities of cranial nerves and gasserian ganglion. Dilatation and tortuosity of superior ophthalmic vein were also associated. Four of 5 cases of benign neoplastic lesion showed well-circumscribed enhancing masses confined to the cavernous sinus with pressure erosion or hyperostosis of adjacent bone. Five of 6 cases of malignant metastatic lesion showed changes suggesting malignancy such as destruction of adjacent bone or associated manifestations of intracranial spread. As compared with the axial scan, coronal scans proved to be more sensitive in detection of subtle cavernous sinus expansion, and superior in evaluation of intracavernous neural structures, relationships with the pituitary gland and changes in the skull base. Axial scans, however, were superior in detection of associated orbital and intracranial abnormalities. Scans in both projections are needed in the evaluation of most cavernous sinus diseases. PMID- 3173674 TI - CT of intracranial tuberculomas with specific reference to the "target sign". AB - The CT appearances of 30 patients with a total of 58 intracranial tuberculomas are discussed. Of specific interest in this study is the relatively high incidence of patients who presented with the target sign. To date there has been only 1 report of 4 cases with this appearance on CT. Four basic patterns of post contrast enhancement are described. As suggested by Welchman this study concludes that the target sign is pathognomonic of an intracranial tuberculoma. PMID- 3173676 TI - A dysplasic origin of the "fat C2 body". AB - The authors recall the traumatic etiology of the so-called "fat C2" and describe a non traumatic origin of this radiological sign in a case of unusual ossification of the C2 body. PMID- 3173675 TI - Radiology of posterior lumbar apophyseal ring fractures: report of 13 cases. AB - The authors report radiological findings in 13 cases of avulsion of the posterior lumbar apophyseal ring. The lesion affected young adults in 10 cases and adolescents in 3 cases. The lesion involved the inferior endplate of L4 in 11, and of L5 in 1 patient, and of L3 in 1 patient. 6 patients presented with unilateral sciatica, 3 with bilateral sciatica, and 4 with low back pain. Acute spinal trauma was evident only in 2 adolescents. Radiological recognition of the lesion was possible on plain films in 9 cases. CT demonstrates association of avulsion of the posterior vertebral apophyseal ring and herniated disc in all cases. Avulsion of the posterior apophyseal ring has to be differentiated from posterior longitudinal ligament, annulus, or herniated disc calcifications, as well as from posterior degenerative ridge osteophytes. Controversy about physiopathology of the lesion remains: weakness of the apophyseal ring during childhood and in patients with Scheuermann's disease may explain avulsion of the apophyseal ring in association with median disc herniation. PMID- 3173677 TI - Brown Sequard syndrome secondary to soft tissue infection in a patient with acute lymphocyte leukemia. AB - A 42-year-old Latin American female with acute lymphocytic leukemia in second relapse developed a small ecthymic lesion around the entrance site of a left subclavian line. This was followed by development of left-sided hemiparesis with contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation. CT of the neck revealed a diffuse inflammatory process with soft tissue involvement and several bubbles of air in the anterior paraspinal muscles and within the spinal canal in the epidural location. PMID- 3173678 TI - Treatment of a recurrent traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula: vertebro-basilar approach after surgical occlusion of the internal carotid artery. AB - A case of a post-traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula treated by endovascular approach through the vertebrobasilar system is reported. The 16 year old female patient was hurt in a car accident. The instantly-occurring carotid-cavernous fistula was treated with a Fogarty catheter, the internal carotid artery being occluded during this procedure. Ten years later the fistula recurred with a predominantly cortical venous drainage. The fistula was closed with two detachable balloons by an endovascular approach from the vertebrobasilar system via the posterior communicating artery. The small residual fistula, fed by the external artery was occluded by a venous approach via the internal jugular. PMID- 3173679 TI - Water lily sign in CT of cerebral hydatid disease: a case report. PMID- 3173680 TI - Giant aneurysm of the vertebral artery simulating intracranial tumour at the foramen magnum. PMID- 3173681 TI - Atypical olfactory glomeruli contain original olfactory axon terminals: an ultrastructural horseradish peroxidase study in the rat. AB - The labelling of olfactory bulb glomeruli following horseradish peroxidase lavage of the nasal cavity has been studied in the rat. In such conditions, atypical glomeruli, previously described according to their high acetylcholinesterase content, display a strong tracer accumulation. The course of afferent olfactory fibres could be followed along the lateral and dorsal surface of the olfactory bulbs. The primary olfactory axons ending in atypical glomeruli have been identified with horseradish peroxidase in electron microscopy. They differ significantly from classical olfactory terminals owing to the presence of large dense-cored vesicles accompanying small clear ones. Moreover, the olfactory terminals do not gather in dark nodules as they do classically in olfactory glomeruli. The study demonstrates that a subset of olfactory neuroreceptors displaying original ultrastructural characteristics projects selectively into atypical olfactory glomeruli. Ultrastructural features indicate that olfactory information processing taking place in the neuropil might be similar to that which occurs in typical glomeruli. Considered together, the atypical olfactory neuroreceptors, glomeruli and acetylcholinesterase-containing centrifugal fibres could constitute a new olfactory subsystem. This hypothesis is discussed by taking into account previous demonstration of other olfactory subsystems devoted to the processing of olfactory cues of fundamental biological importance. PMID- 3173682 TI - Neuromodulatory action of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens: an in vivo intracellular study. AB - Intracellular recordings were made from neurons in the nucleus accumbens in situ to determine how dopamine produces the selective neuromodulatory action in the accumbens observed in previous studies. Electrical stimulation of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala was found to produce monosynaptically evoked depolarizing and hyperpolarizing postsynaptic potential sequences in a large proportion of the accumbens neurons sampled. Dopamine applied iontophoretically or released endogenously by stimulation of the ventral tegmental area produced consistent membrane depolarization and an increase in membrane conductance but not an increase in spontaneous activity of the accumbens neurons. Stimulation of the ventral tegmental area with trains of 10 pulses at 10 Hz prior to stimulation of the amygdala produced 8-58% reduction in the amplitude of the depolarizing postsynaptic potential but no change in the late hyperpolarizing postsynaptic potential. Although attenuation of the depolarizing postsynaptic potential amplitude from ventral tegmental area stimulation was often accompanied by membrane depolarization, it appeared that the two responses were not causally related. The effect of ventral tegmental area stimulation on the evoked depolarizing postsynaptic potential and the membrane potential were blocked by haloperidol indicating the involvement of dopamine. Iontophoretically applied dopamine produced responses similar to ventral tegmental area stimulation with two exceptions: (i) iontophoretically applied dopamine produced consistently stronger maximal attenuation of the depolarizing postsynaptic potential than did ventral tegmental area stimulation; and (ii) iontophoretically applied dopamine always attenuated both the depolarizing postsynaptic potential and hyperpolarizing postsynaptic potential whereas ventral tegmental area stimulation produced selective attenuation of the depolarizing postsynaptic potential only. These electrophysiological results are complementary to those from pharmacological experiments and suggest that one of several physiological functions of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens is a neuromodulatory one involving presynaptic action on non-dopaminergic terminals. PMID- 3173684 TI - Connections to the lateral posterior-pulvinar thalamic complex from the reticular and ventral lateral geniculate thalamic nuclei: a topographical study in the cat. AB - The projections from the reticular thalamic nucleus and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus to the lateral posterior-pulvinar thalamic complex were studied in the adult cat using the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Small, stereotaxically guided injections of the enzyme were placed in the various nuclei of this complex, including the pulvinar, lateralis intermedius oralis, lateralis intermedius caudalis, lateralis posterior lateralis, lateralis posterior medialis and lateralis medialis nuclei. The distribution of labeled neurons indicates that these nuclei receive topographically organized projections from the reticular and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei. The pulvinar nucleus receives only very scarce projections from the reticular thalamic nucleus originating in its posterodorsal and posteroventral sectors. The reticular projection to the nucleus lateralis intermedius oralis is even sparser. The nuclei lateralis intermedius caudalis, lateralis posterior lateralis and lateralis posterior medialis receive substantial projections from the suprageniculate sector of the reticular thalamic nucleus. The nucleus lateralis medialis receives an abundant projection from the three sectors (suprageniculate, pregeniculate and infrageniculate) of the reticular thalamic nucleus. Except for the lateralis intermedius caudalis, all nuclei of the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex receive consistent projections from the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, the nucleus lateralis medialis receiving the densest one. Our findings suggest that visual, auditory, somatosensory, motor and limbic impulses from thalamic nuclei and from primary sensory and association cortical areas modulate the activity of the nucleus lateralis medialis via the reticular thalamic nucleus. The remaining nuclei of the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex are mainly modulated by sectors of the reticular thalamic nucleus that receive afferent connections from visual structures. The intrathalamic projections arising from the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus may be the way through which visuomotor inputs reach the different components of the lateral posterior pulvinar thalamic complex. PMID- 3173683 TI - Ultrastructural evidence for hippocampal target cell-mediated trophic effects on septal cholinergic neurons in reaggregating cell cultures. AB - We have previously demonstrated at the light microscopic level that when embryonic day-15 septal neurons are co-cultured for 21 days with their target cells from the hippocampus, increased numbers of septal cholinergic neurons are present as compared with co-cultures employing cells from the non-target cerebellum. In addition, fine varicose axon-like cholinergic fibers are found to be associated with the hippocampal cells but not with cerebellar cells. We now provide ultrastructural evidence for hippocampal target cell-enhanced cholinergic neuronal survival, axonal proliferation, and synapse formation in this culture system. Dissociated cell suspensions from septal, hippocampal, and cerebellar areas were obtained from 15-day mouse embryos; and hippocampal and cerebellar cells were internally labeled with rhodamine-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin. Combinations of septal and hippocampal cells, and septal and cerebellar cells were allowed to reaggregate in rotation mediated culture for either 15 or 21 days. The reaggregates were then fixed, embedded, sectioned, and processed for acetylcholinesterase-positive acetylcholinesterase-positive cells and fibers, and under fluorescence to locate rhodamine-labeled cell populations. Representative reaggregate profiles were then re-embedded for electron microscopic examination. In both types of reaggregates, either labeled hippocampal target or cerebellar non-target cells segregated from the septal cells so that areas containing each of the respective cell populations could be studied. In sections of septal hippocampal reaggregates from 15-day cultures, 571 out of 665 (85%) cholinergic neurons examined were intact, whereas 15% of the cells showed some ultrastructural features of degeneration. Similarly, at day 21, 297 out of 335 (88%) of the cholinergic neurons were intact. In sections of septal-cerebellar reaggregates from 15-day cultures, 473 out of 572 (83%) cholinergic neurons were intact. By day 21 of culture, however, only 15 out of 110 (14%) cholinergic neurons examined were intact from the septal-cerebellar reaggregates. In areas of septal-hippocampal reaggregates occupied by rhodamine-labeled hippocampal cells, profiles of acetylcholinesterase-labeled axons were identified, and synaptic specializations were observed between cholinergic terminals and dendrites as well as somata of hippocampal target cells. In contrast, areas of septal-cerebellar reaggregates occupied by rhodamine-labeled cerebellar cells were devoid of cholinergic fibers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3173685 TI - Morphometrical and microdensitometrical studies on phenylethanolamine-N methyltransferase- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive neurons in the rostral medulla oblongata of the adult and old male rat. AB - In the present paper the neuronal systems of the medulla oblongata containing phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase- and neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity have been characterized in adult (3-month-old) and old (24-month-old) male rats. The phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive neurons have been visualized by means of immunocytochemistry (peroxidase antiperoxidase technique) and analysed in a quantitative fashion by means of morphometrical (phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase- and neuropeptide Y immunoreactive cell groups) and microdensitometrical (phenylethanolamine-N methyltransferase-immunoreactive cell groups) approaches developed on the IBAS II image analyser (Zeiss-Kontron). During aging there is (a) a reduction in the area covered by the phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase-immunoreactive neuropil for both the C1 and C2 adrenaline cell groups; (b) a reduction in the area covered by the phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase-immunoreactive cell bodies, which is highly significant only for the C2 cell group; (c) a decrease in the area covered by the phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase-positive cell cluster for both C1 and C2 cell groups; (d) a decrease in the degree of phenylethanolamine-N methyltransferase immunoreactivity present in the C1 and C2 cell groups; (e) a decay of neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in the C1 and C2 groups, while the C3 group is unaffected by aging as evaluated by number of phenylethanolamine-N methyltransferase- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive cell body profiles. These results indicate heterogeneities in the responses of the adrenaline-neuropeptide Y cell groups to the aging process. The possible functional consequences of aging induced changes in the cardiovascular adrenergic neurons are discussed, especially in relation to development of hypertension. PMID- 3173686 TI - Morphometrical and microdensitometrical studies on phenylethanolamine-N methyltransferase- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerve terminals and on glucocorticoid receptor-immunoreactive nerve cell nuclei in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus in adult and old male rats. AB - The phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerve terminal profiles and the glucocorticoid receptor-immunoreactive nuclear profiles have been characterized in the parvocellular part of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus of the adult (3 month) and the old (24 month) male rat. The phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase-, neuropeptide Y- and glucocorticoid receptor-immunoreactive structures have been demonstrated by means of the indirect immunoperoxidase procedure and analysed in a quantitative way by means of morphometrical and microdensitometrical approaches using both semiautomatic and automatic image analysis. During aging there is (a) a marked reduction in the number of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive profiles, a moderate reduction of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase-immunoreactive profiles and a small reduction in the number of glucocorticoid receptor-immunoreactive profiles without a significant change in the evenness of distribution of such profiles as evaluated by means of Gini's index; (b) a loss of the significant correlation in the distribution of the glucocorticoid receptor- and phenylethanolamine-N methyltransferase-immunoreactive profiles at the two most caudal levels analysed (A5150 and A5270 micron) while a significant correlation developed between these two distributions at a more rostral level (A5400 micron); (c) a substantial decline in the overlap area of the glucocorticoid receptor- and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase-immunoreactive profiles at four out of five rostrocaudal levels analysed; (d) a marked reduction in the density intensity of the neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive profiles and a small significant reduction in the density-intensity of the phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase immunoreactive profiles without any associated changes in the intensity of the glucocorticoid receptor-immunoreactive profiles. Furthermore, three-dimensional reconstructions of the overall distribution of the glucocorticoid receptor-, phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive structures have been made in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus of the adult male rat. The present results indicate a reduction of neuropeptide Y- and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase-immunoreactive nerve terminal profiles in the parvocellular part of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus during aging. These results may in part reflect a loss of neuropeptide Y-like peptides in phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase-immunoreactive nerve terminals of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, favouring our view that during aging the modulatory peptides may be lost, leading to a loss of PMID- 3173687 TI - Electrophysiology of the mammalian cerebellar cortex in organ culture. AB - A direct comparison was made between the electrical properties of rat Purkinje cells in cerebellar organotype cultures and those in acute slices from age matched animals. Cultures were prepared from 9-11-day-old animals. Intracellular recordings were made 5-12 days later, at which time the folia architecture of the cerebellum was still well preserved. The resting membrane potentials and input resistances of Purkinje cells in cultured and acute slice preparations from young animals were comparable to those of mature Purkinje cells in slices. Neurons from animals younger than 14 days differed from mature Purkinje cells in that they fired at low frequencies in response to outward current pulses. The latter property was found in all cultured neurons studied, independent of their time in culture. These action potentials were generated by Na+ and Ca2+ conductances as shown by the application of selective channel blockers. Cultured or acute slice preparations from animals younger than 11 days shared other immature electroresponsive features. In both groups, Na+-dependent plateau depolarizations were observed in less than 10% of Purkinje cells unless K-conductances were blocked, and considerable membrane depolarization was often required to elicit Ca2+-dependent action potentials. These findings are compatible with the relative prominence of voltage-dependent outward currents in immature Purkinje cells, a property which may be enhanced in culture. The injection of hyperpolarizing current pulses revealed a marked time-dependent anomalous rectification in all Purkinje cells. At the breaks of such pulses, several events were observed. In all cells, a rebound conductance was identified which could generate post-anodal spike bursts. In cultured neurons, however, hyperpolarizing pulses were also followed by a slow return to resting potential. This membrane potential profile was similar to that produced by the activation of an A conductance. Experiments on acute slices from animals of different ages (P9-P17) showed that this A-like conductance was expressed only during a brief period in Purkinje cell development. A higher level of spontaneous synaptic activity was observed in cultured than in acute slice preparations. Both unitary excitatory postsynaptic potentials and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials could be elicited in the former by parallel fiber stimulation, and could be fully reversed by outward or inward transmembrane current injections, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3173688 TI - Cytology and organization of rat cerebellar organ cultures. AB - Roller tube cultures of parasagittal cerebellar slices were taken from young rats aged 9-11 days, and maintained in vitro for 1-2 weeks. Morphological aspects of cell types and synaptic relationships in such organ cultures were examined at light and electron microscopic levels. Some neurons were marked by intracellular injections of horseradish peroxidase for subsequent identification of their connection patterns. Cytoarchitecture of the cerebellar cortex was largely preserved in the organ cultures. Dendritic trees of Purkinje cells exhibited isoplanar organizations that often resembled their orientation at the time of explanation. Other cerebellar neurons, namely granule cells, Golgi cells, basket cells, stellate cells, all differentiated within the organ cultures. In addition, some neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei remained viable during the period of culture. Mossy fibers most probably of cerebellar nuclear origin were found terminating on the dendrites of granule cells and Golgi cells. Quite unexpected were certain types of direct synapses of afferent fibers on short necked spines arising from Purkinje cell smooth dendrites and somata. Such terminals resembled climbing fibers. They were most likely modified mossy fiber afferents, since the organ cultures did not include neurons of the inferior olive which are well spearated from the cerebellar mass at postnatal stages. These "ascending" mossy fibers presumably occupied postsynaptic surfaces that were either vacated by deafferentation or induced by the afferent fibers themselves. Intracellularly labeled Purkinje cells had widely distributed axonal collateral branches. Labeled axons were distributed within the Purkinje cell layer. Several recurrent Purkinje cell axon collaterals stained with reaction products of horseradish peroxidase tracer were followed at the ultrastructural level. In one case, labeled terminals were examined in an area of approximately 2 mm2. Terminals of Purkinje cell collaterals formed symmetric synapses with somata of basket cells and dendrites of Golgi cells, but not Purkinje cell somata. Some large boutons of serially traced Purkinje cell axon collaterals formed asymmetric contacts with profiles interpreted as Golgi cell dendrites. In contrast to the apparent axonal sprouting in cerebellar organ cultures, maturation of dendritic processes remained static. Astroglia cells of diverse shapes were observed following immunocytochemical staining with antisera to glia filament proteins. The distribution patterns of immunoreactive astrocytes changed dramatically in cerebellar slice cultures maintained for 3-6 weeks in vitro. PMID- 3173689 TI - A detailed mapping of histamine H1-receptors in guinea-pig central nervous system established by autoradiography with [125I]iodobolpyramine. AB - [125I]Iodobolpyramine, a potent and selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist derived from mepyramine, was used to generate light microscopic autoradiograms on sections of guinea-pig brain and spinal cord. Histamine H1-receptors were labelled with high sensitivity over a low background as determined using mianserin or other H1-receptor antagonists as competing agents. An atlas of H1 receptors was established using five sagittal sections and 39 frontal sections, the latter serially prepared at 50 micron intervals. Labelled areas were identified by comparison with corresponding, classically stained sections and their density was rated according to an arbitrary scale. Autoradiographic grains were detected in a large variety of gray matter areas whereas they were generally absent from white matter areas. In the cerebral cortex, H1-receptors are present in all areas and layers with a higher density in lamina IV. In the hippocampal formation, H1-receptors display a laminated pattern of distribution and are the most abundant in the dentate gyrus (hilus and molecular layer) and in several areas of the subiculum and commissural complex. In the amygdaloid complex, the highest densities are found in the medial group of nuclei. In the basal forebrain, the striatum is moderately labelled whereas the nucleus accumbens, islands of Calleja and most septal nuclei are highly labelled. In the thalamus, H1-receptors are present in high density, particularly in the anterior, median and lateral groups of nuclei. In the hypothalamus the labelling is highly heterogeneous with high densities in, for example, medial preoptic area, dorsomedial, ventromedial and most posterior nuclei, including the tuberomammillary complex in which histaminergic perikarya and short axons are present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3173690 TI - Afferents to the rat red nucleus studied by means of D-[3H]aspartate, [3H]choline and non-selective tracers. AB - Following injection of horseradish peroxidase-labeled wheat germ agglutinin or of rhodamine-labeled microspheres as non-selective tracers into the rat red nucleus, the origins of the corticorubral and cerebellorubral pathways, as well as a considerable number of other brain structures including dorsal raphe nucleus, zona incerta and several hypothalamic nuclei showed retrogradely labeled perikarya. Labeling patterns obtained with horseradish peroxidase-labeled wheat germ agglutinin compared well with those observed following application of rhodamine-labeled microspheres which produced injection sites restricted to the small nucleus. In these latter cases, counterstaining with phosphine allowed a better definition of anatomical structures. After D-[3H]aspartate application, retrogradely labeled perikarya were observed in cerebral cortex (layer V), zona incerta, dorsal raphe nucleus and in several other structures also labeled by non selective tracers. Following application of [3H]choline and using an improved autoradiographic method, perikaryal labeling was massive within nucleus interpositus, while it was absent in dorsal raphe nucleus, cerebral cortex and zona incerta. Retrograde tracing experiments with D-[3H]aspartate and [3H]choline revealed that these transmitter related compounds are selective markers for two subsets of afferents to the red nucleus. The transmitter specificity of the selective labeling with [3H]choline in the cerebellorubral pathway is supported only in part by the results obtained with other methods. The selective labeling with D-[3H]aspartate in the corticorubral pathway, on the other hand, is consistent with its transmitter specificity. PMID- 3173691 TI - Heterogeneous distribution of GABA-immunoreactive nerve fibers and axon terminals in the superior cervical ganglion of adult rat. AB - The distribution of axons and axon varicosities containing GABA was studied in the superior cervical ganglion of rat by light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. Two different polyclonal antibodies were used, which had been made against GABA conjugated by glutardialdehyde to bovine serum albumin. GABA-like immunoreactivity occurred in many axons within the cervical sympathetic trunk and in axons and axon varicosities around the principal nerve cells in the superior cervical ganglion. GABA-positive axons were intermingled with non stained axons, except for a small group of fibers in the trunk where the staining was absent. The rostral part of the ganglion and some scattered patches were more densely innervated by GABA-positive axons than the middle and caudal parts. Within dense areas, some of the large ganglion cells were abundantly surrounded by GABA-positive nerve fibers, while the vicinity of others was devoid of any immunoreactive axon terminals. None of the principal ganglion cells contained GABA-like immunoreactivity, although a class of small cells scattered within the ganglion was stained. Transection of the cervical sympathetic trunk for 11 days caused the disappearance of GABA-like positivity from most of the fibers, and only very little GABA-like staining was revealed in some small cells, which resembled satellite cells. Ultrastructurally, the GABA-positive nerve fibers were unmyelinated. However, their terminal branches and varicosities accumulated around the perikarya and dendrites of certain principal ganglion cells were partly wrapped in glial processes. The present results provide evidence that the superior cervical ganglion of adult rat receives a significant number of GABA positive axons from the cervical sympathetic trunk and that these axons provide an innervation which is heterogeneously distributed within the superior cervical ganglion and on ganglionic cells. The source and function of the GABA-positive axons remain to be elucidated. PMID- 3173692 TI - Morphology and distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) diaphorase reactive neurons in human brainstem. AB - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase reactive neurons were found in several regions of human brainstem. Three major groups were located in the medulla: a dorsomedial group in the central gray and floor of the fourth ventricle, a ventromedial group in the vicinity of the medullary raphe, and a lateral group in the lateral reticular nucleus. In the upper pons a large cluster of reactive neurons was centered in the nucleus centralis oralis extending into the locus coeruleus and dorsal tegmental region. A second cluster in the lateral parabrachial nucleus merged with this group more rostrally and continued into the midbrain tegmentum (paracoeruleus-cuneiform group). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase neurons in this region often contained acetylcholinesterase activity. A second midbrain group was seen in the nucleus paranigralis. Aside from these discrete neuronal collections, scattered reactive neurons were found in the medullary reticular formation, periaqueductal gray, inferior colliculus and superior colliculus. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase neurons were classified into three groups based on somal size. Parvocellular neurons (10-20 micron) were primarily found in the ventromedial medulla and lateral parabrachial nucleus. Intermediate neurons (20 25 micron) were located in the paranigralis nucleus and dorsomedial medulla. Magnocellular neurons (25-35 micron) were characteristically found in the lateral reticular nucleus and paracoeruleus-cuneiform region. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase reactive neurons are present in substantial numbers in human brainstem and their distribution is complex. They represent the caudal end of a widespread network of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase-enriched neurons that extend rostrally from the brainstem reticular formation into the basal forebrain, striatum, and cerebral cortex. PMID- 3173693 TI - Further observations on the relationship between adenosine deaminase-containing axons and trigeminal mesencephalic neurons: an electron microscopic, immunohistochemical and anterograde tracing study. AB - The somas of primary afferent neurons in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in rat have a dense investment of axons immunoreactive for the enzyme adenosine deaminase. We previously suggested that these axons may originate from adenosine deaminase-immunoreactive neurons located in the tuberomammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus [Nagy et al. (1986) Neuroscience 17, 141-156]. Anterograde tracing and immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate this possibility further. In addition, the appearance of adenosine immunoreactive axons and the nature of their interactions with mesencephalic neurons was examined ultrastructurally. After injections of either Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin or wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase into the region of the tuberomammillary nucleus, punctate deposits of anterogradely transported tracer, detected by immunoperoxidase methods, were seen surrounding mesencephalic neurons. In sections immunostained for tracer and adenosine deaminase by double immunofluorescence, some fibres in the periaqueductal gray matter and around Mes V somas were found to be labelled for both the lectin and the enzyme. Ultrastructurally, only a single morphological class of adenosine deaminase-immunoreactive axons adjacent to, or indenting the cytoplasmic membranes of, large somas in the mesencephalic nucleus could be recognized; they were varicose and contained relatively large immunoreactive vesicles ranging in diameter from 45 to 70 nm. Occasionally, thin processes of these axons could be traced back to small adenosine deaminase-positive neuronal cell bodies located not within the tuberomammillary nucleus, but rather, within the periaqueductal gray matter. In serial ultrathin sections, membrane specializations resembling synaptic junctions were sometimes seen at points where mesencephalic somas were in contact with adenosine deaminase-immunoreactive terminals. Somas within the mesencephalic nucleus also formed such junctions with non-immunoreactive boutons which were morphologically different from, and often seen in close proximity to, those containing adenosine deaminase. These results indicate that in addition to possible afferents from the tuberomammillary nucleus, primary sensory somas within the mesencephalic nucleus are also associated with axonal processes originating from adenosine deaminase-positive neurons located within the periaqueductal gray matter. The infrequent synaptic contacts between these somas and adenosine deaminase-positive axons, despite their close anatomical arrangement, is suggestive of a diffuse endocrine or neurocrine type of axonal relationship with mesencephalic somas or with the n PMID- 3173694 TI - Noradrenergic neurons with divergent projections to the motor trigeminal nucleus and the spinal cord: a double retrograde neuronal labeling study. AB - Double retrograde axonal tracing was combined with the indirect immunofluorescence antibody method to determine whether noradrenergic neurons have divergent projections to the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve and the spinal cord. Rhodamine-labeled microspheres were injected into the motor trigeminal nucleus and True Blue was deposited into lumbar segments of the spinal cord. After a 10-18-day survival period, brainstem sections were processed for immunofluorescence staining of noradrenergic neurons using antibodies to rat dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. Rhodamine-labeled noradrenergic neurons were observed ipsilaterally throughout the A5 and A7 groups; the contralateral A5 and A7 groups contained few rhodamine-labeled cells. A few rhodamine-labeled noradrenergic neurons were observed in the locus coeruleus and subcoeruleus. True Blue-labeled noradrenergic neurons were identified in the A5 and A7 groups, in the ventral part of the locus coeruleus and in the subcoeruleus. Double retrogradely labeled noradrenergic neurons were observed in the A5 and A7 groups but not in the locus coeruleus and subcoeruleus. Of the total number of rhodamine-labeled noradrenergic cells, a large percentage also contained True Blue: 54% in the caudal A5 group, 59% in the rostral A5 group, and 72% in the A7 group. Of the total number of True Blue-labeled noradrenergic neurons, the percentage of double retrogradely labeled cells was 33% in the caudal A5 group, 46% in the rostral A5 group, and 56% in the A7 group. The findings of this study provide the first anatomic evidence for the existence of a prominent population of noradrenergic cells in the A5 and A7 groups with divergent projections to the motor trigeminal nucleus and the spinal cord. We propose that this subpopulation of noradrenergic neurons in the A5 and A7 groups influences motoneurons at multiple levels of the neuraxis. PMID- 3173695 TI - Merkel cells and the mechanosensitivity of normal and regenerating nerves in Xenopus skin. AB - We have investigated some of the physiological, morphological and trophic characteristics of the Merkel cell-neurite complexes in the skin of Xenopus laevis. The Merkel cells, which are specialized sensory cells, occur in groups of 2-4 around the openings of the cutaneous gland ducts. A voltage-controlled mechanical stimulator was used to determine the distribution of mechanosensory thresholds across the skin; an analysis of the results revealed the presence of a single population of rapidly adapting, low threshold mechanoreceptors, whose locations coincided with those of the epidermal Merkel cell-neurite complexes. The possible role of the Merkel cell in the mechanosensory process, and its trophic interactions with the sensory nerve, were examined (i) by following the development of mechanosensitivity when sensory nerves regenerated into denervated, or newly regenerated, skin; (ii) by looking for possible correlations between the expression of physiological function and the appearance of morphological features characteristic of the Merkel cell-neurite complex; and (iii) by investigating the mechanosensitivity that remained after elimination of the Merkel cells. Not only did Merkel cells survive denervation without obvious changes in their fine structure, but they developed with normal morphology in new skin that had regenerated in nerve free limbs. Ingrowing sensory nerves contacted these Merkel cells, and eventually normal mechanosensory function was established; thus the Merkel cells act as targets for these nerves. The full recovery of the normal pattern of mechanosensitivity in the skin following nerve regeneration was correlated with the redevelopment of the specialized contacts between the nerve endings and Merkel cells, that eventually included reciprocal synapses. However, following the mechanical removal of the epidermis by enzymatic treatment, or the selective elimination of the Merkel cells by irradiation after they had taken up the fluorescent dye quinacrine, essentially normal mechanosensory responses could be initiated, though with somewhat increased thresholds. The results indicate that the Merkel cells are not involved in mechanosensory transduction; they do, however, act as targets for the growing nerves, thereby ensuring the appropriate distribution of low threshold mechanosensitivity, and they may have a role in enhancing and even inducing the excitability of the mechanosensitive nerve endings. PMID- 3173696 TI - The contribution of sensory nerves to xylene-induced cystitis in rats. AB - The role of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves of the rat urinary bladder in xylene-induced cystitis was investigated. Instillation of xylene into the urinary bladder of female rats induced cystitis, e.g. detrusor hyperreflexia and increased vascular permeability. Detrusor hyperreflexia was also observed in rats desensitized to capsaicin as adults (50-125 mg/kg s.c., 4 days before) but only for a short period (1 h) after instillation. When a longer time lag (24 h) was allowed to elapse following instillation, reflex micturition was almost abolished. In rats desensitized to capsaicin as newborns (50 mg/kg s.c. on second day of life) reflex micturition was almost abolished and xylene (given 1 h before measurement) was ineffective. The xylene-induced plasma extravasation was greater in the bladder neck than in the dome. In the bladder neck the "early" response to xylene was reduced but not abolished in rats densensitized to capsaicin as adults or pretreated with compound 48/80 and was abolished in rats desensitized to capsaicin as newborns. The bladder content of substance P-like immunoreactivity decreased at various times following xylene instillation but this change occurred in parallel to the increase in bladder weight. These findings indicate that xylene-induced cystitis involves, at least in part, an irritation of capsaicin sensitive sensory nerves in the bladder wall. The present results further suggest that xylene acts by stimulating at least two populations of sensory nerves which differ in their sensitivity towards capsaicin. PMID- 3173697 TI - [Atrial flutter and respiratory insufficiency: hypoxemia in bronchopneumopathies caused by silicates and/or silicosis]. PMID- 3173698 TI - [Sudden cardiac death. Description of 3 cases monitored by ambulatory ECG]. PMID- 3173699 TI - [Treatment of ventricular arrhythmia with mexiletine (Mexitil), monitored by Holter ambulatory electrocardiography]. PMID- 3173700 TI - [Ergometric evaluation of the aged using electrocardiography and echography]. PMID- 3173701 TI - [Usefulness of radioisotope ventriculography in the evaluation of right ventricular function in acute anterior and inferior myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3173702 TI - [5 cases of aneurysm of the splenic artery]. PMID- 3173703 TI - [Surgical therapy of cancer of the rectum: Miles' operation and anterior resection compared. Immediate and long-term results]. PMID- 3173704 TI - [Primary tumors of the small intestine]. PMID- 3173705 TI - [Recurrent calculosis of the choledochus]. PMID- 3173706 TI - [Benign and malignant neoformations of the male breast. Our personal series]. PMID- 3173707 TI - [Surgical mortality in patients over 75 years of age. Our experience in 199 consecutive cases]. PMID- 3173708 TI - [Major amputation for arteriosclerotic gangrene: medical and social problems]. PMID- 3173709 TI - [Emergency surgical approach in neoplastic pathology of the large intestine]. PMID- 3173710 TI - [Comparison of multidose cefazolin and single-dose ceftriaxone in antibiotic prophylaxis in a general surgery department]. PMID- 3173711 TI - [Gastric leiomyoma and leiomyoblastoma. Presentation of 2 clinical cases]. PMID- 3173712 TI - [Aggressive schwannoma of the ileum]. PMID- 3173713 TI - [Adenolymphoma of the parotid gland]. PMID- 3173714 TI - [A case of esophageal atresia with multiple abnormalities in a newborn twin]. PMID- 3173716 TI - [Acute abdomen in the aged]. PMID- 3173715 TI - [Urinary and sexual changes after Miles' operation for cancer of the rectum]. PMID- 3173717 TI - [How, when and why to perform lymphadenectomy in tumors of the left colon and intraperitoneal rectum]. PMID- 3173718 TI - [AIDS and surgery: surgical risk]. PMID- 3173719 TI - [Gastric leiomyosarcoma]. PMID- 3173720 TI - [Leiomyoblastoma of the small intestine. Considerations on a case with multiple jejunal localizations]. PMID- 3173722 TI - [A case of giant serous cystadenoma of the ovary]. PMID- 3173721 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the appendix. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 3173723 TI - [Postoperative trans-T-tube cholangiography: possibilities of false-negatives in residual calculi]. PMID- 3173724 TI - [Current diagnostic and therapeutic trends in recalcitrant hemoptysis]. PMID- 3173725 TI - [Choledochoduodenostomy in biliary calculosis]. PMID- 3173726 TI - [Acute necrotic-hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Proposal of a therapeutic plan using an antiseptic agent in infectious complications]. PMID- 3173727 TI - [4 cases of gastric leiomyoblastoma]. PMID- 3173728 TI - [Intestinal invagination caused by primary lymphoma of the ileum]. PMID- 3173729 TI - [Lipohyperplasia of the ileocecal valve. Description of 7 cases]. PMID- 3173730 TI - [Fibromyoma of the greater omentum. Our experience]. PMID- 3173731 TI - [3 cases of splenic angiomatosis]. PMID- 3173732 TI - [Pulmonary megamycetoma. Case contribution]. PMID- 3173733 TI - [A case of liposarcoma]. PMID- 3173734 TI - [Traumatic lesions of the diaphragm. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 3173735 TI - [Choice of skin incision in parotidectomy]. PMID- 3173736 TI - [Importance of the invasion of the gastric wall and regional lymph nodes in the prognosis of stomach carcinoma]. PMID- 3173737 TI - [Hypergastrinemia and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in infants]. PMID- 3173738 TI - [Our experience in the treatment of breast neoplasms. Apropos of 132 controlled cases]. PMID- 3173739 TI - [Bilateral reconstruction of the breast simultaneous with bilateral mastectomy for cancer]. PMID- 3173740 TI - [Hospital infections. Epidemiological study in a general surgery department]. PMID- 3173741 TI - [A rare case of spontaneous cholecysto-choledocho-duodenocolic fistula]. PMID- 3173742 TI - [Obturator hernia. Clinico-therapeutic aspects and presentation of a case]. PMID- 3173743 TI - [Essential varicocele]. PMID- 3173745 TI - [Computerized multivariate analysis of the evaluation of the prognosis of the cancer of the lung after excision surgery]. PMID- 3173744 TI - [An association of cancer arising in a polyp and simultaneous colorectal carcinoma. Incidence, histopathologic, therapeutic and prognostic data]. PMID- 3173746 TI - [Fibrocystic disease of breast. Clinico-therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 3173748 TI - [Results and reflections on a case material of 7 mucoepidermoid tumors of the parotid gland]. PMID- 3173747 TI - [Choledocholithotomy or derivative interventions in patients operated on for biliary calculosis]. PMID- 3173749 TI - [Carcinoid tumor of the colon. Description of a case with unusual clinical presentation]. PMID- 3173750 TI - [Anomaly of the implantation of the appendiceal base]. PMID- 3173751 TI - [Strangulation of the meso-appendix vermiformis in a right inguinolabial hernia. Clinical note]. PMID- 3173752 TI - [Crural hernial appendicitis]. PMID- 3173753 TI - [Conservative therapy in a case of renal oncocytoma]. PMID- 3173754 TI - [The role of surgery in the diagnosis of adrenal carcinoma. A case of bilateral adrenal cortex adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 3173755 TI - [Short-term prophylaxis with aztreonam in gastrointestinal surgery]. PMID- 3173757 TI - [Proposal for a computerized program in the evaluation of nutritional status]. PMID- 3173756 TI - [Evaluation of a combination of colloidal bismuth and pirenzepine in duodenal ulcer in non-responders to anti-H2 receptors]. PMID- 3173758 TI - [Relation between chronic antral gastritis and the presence of Campylobacter pyloridis. Retrospective study on a geriatric population]. PMID- 3173759 TI - [Thin-needle aspiration cytology of palpable lymph nodes. Analysis of 702 consecutive cases]. AB - Seven-hundred-two needle aspirates were taken from palpable lymph nodes between january 1982 and june 1987. Cytohistological correlation in about 70% of the preparations showed that the technique is capable of detecting neoplastic cells in 99% of metastases and in 90% of lymphoma cases. Certain technical aspects of smear preparation are pointed out with a view to reducing the percentage of inadequate samples (14% in the present series) and the position of the technique among other diagnostic procedures is discussed, with evaluation of advantages and limitations. PMID- 3173760 TI - [AIDS and the community. Preliminary data of an epidemiological study]. AB - An epidemiological study into the prevalence and incidence of anti-H.I.V. antibody seropositivity in closed communities produced preliminary data on 746 subjects, the majority of whom admitted potentially dangerous behaviour. These results demonstrated that residence in a closed community in which one can limit the use of drugs and sexual contacts reduces the risk of infection. PMID- 3173761 TI - [Importance of the university library for scientific research and teaching]. AB - The key features of a university library as a support for scientific research and for teaching activity are pointed out with special attention to affinities and differences. In any case, the library is of primary importance for the advance of science, in direct form as a research support and, indirectly, as a teaching support. PMID- 3173762 TI - [Risk of HIV infection in health personnel involved in tasks of assistance, diagnosis and treatment. Description of 2 cases: one, of ascertained infection, the other under observation]. AB - Having examined the literature on the subject, the risk of medical assistants contracting HIV infection accidentally while working in wards where seropositive patients are systematically or occasionally admitted for this viral infection is discussed. PMID- 3173763 TI - [CA 125 in benign and malignant pathology of the female genital tract and neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 3173764 TI - [Relation between Chlamydia cervico-vaginitis and changes in cellular morphology]. PMID- 3173765 TI - [Minor disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy. Evaluation of their clinical significance]. PMID- 3173766 TI - [Proposal to use the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) in the prediction and evaluation of labor pain]. PMID- 3173768 TI - [Etiopathogenetic interpretation of urinary tract infections associated with pelvic inflammatory disease and a clinico-therapeutic study of the effects of norfloxacin]. PMID- 3173767 TI - [Habitual smoking during pregnancy]. PMID- 3173769 TI - [Regression of high-grade tachycardia under conservative treatment. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3173770 TI - [Clinical and instrumental follow-up of patients operated on for cancer of the breast]. PMID- 3173771 TI - [The use of biological markers in the differential diagnosis in the staging of ovarian neoplasms]. PMID- 3173772 TI - [Prognostic factors in endometrial carcinoma treated by surgery and postoperative radiotherapy]. PMID- 3173773 TI - [Heterologous artificial insemination. Analysis of 166 cases treated at the Clinic for Artificial Insemination of Rome]. PMID- 3173774 TI - [Lipid metabolism in the rat brain during growth and the effect of maternal ethanol consumption]. PMID- 3173775 TI - [Cervical dysplasia during Chlamydia trachomatis infection]. PMID- 3173776 TI - [Nosographic and morphometric classification of cervix ectropion. Clinical experience with katoxyn spray]. PMID- 3173777 TI - [Osteogenesis imperfecta type II. Prenatal diagnosis and management of a case]. PMID- 3173778 TI - [Determination of plasma volume by a new method of spectrophotometric reading for use in the study of hemodynamics in pregnancy]. PMID- 3173779 TI - Vestibular nucleus inputs to paramedian reticulospinal neurons in the cat. AB - Experiments were done in chloralose-anesthetized cats to identify single units in the paramedian reticular nucleus (PRN) that responded to stimulation of pressor sites in the vestibular nucleus complex (VNC) and that projected directly to the intermediate gray (IG) region of the upper thoracic cord. Forty-seven units responded orthodromically to stimulation of the ipsilateral VNC with a mean latency of 6.3 +/- 0.6 ms: 44 were excited and 3 were inhibited. Of these 47 units, 29 (62%) also were antidromically activated by stimulation of the ipsilateral IG at the level of T2. These data provide electrophysiological evidence for the existence of neurons in PRN that receive VNC inputs and project directly to spinal autonomic areas, and suggest that this pathway may be involved in mediating vestibulosympathetic reflex responses associated with postural adjustments. PMID- 3173780 TI - Substances released during tetanic stimulation of rabbit neocortex induce neurite growth in PC-12 cells and long-term potentiation in guinea pig hippocampus. AB - Samples collected from rabbit neocortical surface during a tetanic stimulation of the neocortex induced neurite growth in PC-12 cells in culture and synaptic long term potentiation (LTP) in guinea pig hippocampal slices. If these samples were preheated and cooled, or if they were collected in the absence of a tetanic stimulation of the rabbit neocrotex, they did not induce neurite growth in PC-12 cells or LTP in the guinea pig hippocampus. These results suggest that neurite inducing factors are released during tetanic stimulations and that these substances are involved in LTP. PMID- 3173781 TI - Do neurons in the motor cortex encode movement direction? An alternative hypothesis. AB - Previous investigations by Georgopoulos et al. of cell activities in the primate motor cortex during the execution of voluntary arm movements have shown that these cells are characterized by tuning properties related to the direction of hand trajectories. Here, it is demonstrated that these findings do not necessarily imply that cortical cells encode spatial features of hand movements and an alternative hypothesis is considered according to which cortical cells encode muscle state variables. It is shown that this hypothesis would lead both to the single-cell activities and to the population behaviors observed by Georgopoulos et al. PMID- 3173782 TI - Overestimation of the electrical length of neuron dendrites and synaptic electrotonic attenuation. AB - The electrical (also termed electrotonic) length of dendrites is a key factor in determining the magnitude of the decay of a postsynaptic potential as it propagates from the dendrites to the soma. The average electrotonic length of dendrites in spinal, hippocampal, and red nucleus neurons have been estimated at 1.2 (range of 0.9-1.5), based on single (equivalent) cylinder models. Synaptic potentials evoked at the terminals of dendrites that are 1.2 space constants in length have been estimated to decay 50% during propagation to the soma, the lost energy being dissipated as heat. The present analysis was conducted because a 50% propagation loss seemed unlikely for such a widespread neuron function as passive dendritic propagation. The explicit and implicit assumptions of the cylinder model were reconsidered. It was found that the simplifying assumption of uniform dendritic electrotonic length has led to a three-fold overestimate of dendritic electrotonic length by previous investigators. The conclusion is that dendrites have a typical electrotonic length of 0.4 rather than 1.2, therefore resulting in a propagation loss of only 7% rather than 50% for distal dendritic synapses. PMID- 3173783 TI - Sexual differentiation of the neuronal plasma membrane: neonatal levels of sex steroids modulate the number of exo-endocytotic images in the developing rat arcuate neurons. AB - Exo-endocytotic images and intramembrane protein particles (IMP) were quantitatively assessed in freeze-fracture replicas from the plasma membrane of arcuate neurons of rats aged 0 (newborns), 10, 20 and 100 days postpartum. Membranes contained significantly (P less than 0.02) more IMPs in females than in males. Exo-endocytotic images were increased in newborn and 10-day-old males when compared to adult males or to developing females (48 +/- 6 vs 6 +/- 1 images/100 micron 2 in 10-day-old male and female rats, respectively). Androgenization of females with a single injection of testosterone propionate on the day of birth resulted in an increased number of exo-endocytotic images in developing animals (75 +/- 9 images/100 micron 2, 10-day-old rats) and in the abolishment of the sex differences in the number of IMPs. PMID- 3173784 TI - Phrenic-to-phrenic inhibition and excitation in spinal cats. AB - In decerebrate, C2-spinalized cats, stimulation of the C6-phrenic root produces a weak activation of phrenic motoneurons in the adjacent C5 segment in a few animals (23%). When phrenic motoneurons are electrically excited by testing stimulation applied to the spinal cord or internal intercostal nerve, the evoked responses recorded in a cervical phrenic root are partly inhibited by conditioning stimulation applied to another ipsilateral or contralateral cervical phrenic root. We therefore conclude that phrenic fibers exert both inhibitory and excitatory effects on adjacent phrenic motoneurons in the cervical spinal cord. PMID- 3173785 TI - Does taurine act as an osmoregulatory substance in the rat brain? AB - The effects of hypotonic media on extracellular free amino acid levels were studied 'in vivo' in the rat dentate gyrus by means of the brain dialysis technique. Extracellular taurine levels increased specifically during perfusions with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate in which the NaCl concentration was reduced by 25 or 50 mmol/l (hypotonic solutions). These taurine increases were markedly reduced in the presence of furosemide. With further NaCl reductions the enhanced taurine levels remained stable, whereas other amino acids such as glutamate started in increase in a dose-dependent manner. Isoosmolar replacement of NaCl by sucrose did not affect extracellular amino acid levels. These results indicate the possible involvement of taurine in osmoregulatory processes in the brain. PMID- 3173786 TI - Inhibition by cortisol of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in adrenalectomized rats; an in vitro study. AB - The effects of cortisol on neurons in the parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were investigated in hypothalamic slices prepared from adrenalectomized (ADX) and intact rats. In ADX rats, cortisol inhibited 14 (21%) out of 68 PVN neurons tested at a concentration of 10(-5) M and 11 (16%) of 69 PVN neurons tested at a concentration of 10(-4) M. In intact rats, cortisol at concentrations of 10(-5) M and 10(-4) M did not change the activity of most PVN neurons tested. We conclude that cortisol has an inhibitory effect on neurons in the parvocellular division of the PVN in ADX rats. PMID- 3173787 TI - Cortisol suppresses noradrenaline-induced excitatory responses of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus; an in vitro study. AB - The effects of cortisol on noradrenaline (NA)-induced responses of neurons in the parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were investigated in hypothalamic slices of rats. Cortisol (10(-5) M)-induced excitation in 7 out of 11 PVN neurons tested and inhibited 3 out of 8 PVN neurons which were not affected by NA. Cortisol alone did not affect the basal firing rate of the PVN neurons. We conclude that cortisol may have an inhibitory effect on neurons in the parvocellular division of the PVN through depression of the noradrenergic system. PMID- 3173789 TI - Good news of the shortage: nursing education legislation. PMID- 3173788 TI - Ultrastructure of synapses in the cerebellar cortex after long-term activation of climbing fibres. AB - Adult male rats were treated for 24 or 48 h with harmaline which selectively activates neurones in the inferior olivary nucleus which give rise to climbing fibres projecting to the cerebellar vermis. Electrophysiological studies have shown that harmaline-induced climbing fibre activity completely blocks the responses of the Purkinje cell to parallel fibre input. Morphometric analysis of the ultrastructure of climbing and parallel fibre synapses revealed no significant differences in morphology between vermis (experimental) and hemisphere (control). These findings indicate that the decreased responsiveness of Purkinje cells to parallel fibre inputs induced by increased climbing fibre activity over 24 or 48 h is not accompanied by any observable structural changes in the cerebellar cortex. PMID- 3173790 TI - Myth, reality, and the nursing shortage. PMID- 3173791 TI - Are research mentors still missing? PMID- 3173792 TI - The nursing shortage. Carolyne Davis speaks out. PMID- 3173793 TI - The nursing shortage. Demanding quality when foreign nurses are in demand. PMID- 3173794 TI - The nursing shortage. Feminism & the nursing shortage: do women have a choice? PMID- 3173795 TI - The nursing shortage. Recruiting IRNs. PMID- 3173796 TI - The nursing shortage. Jurisdictional control: the regulation of nurses' aides. PMID- 3173797 TI - NLN cites threat to quality of care in organized medicine's RCT proposal. PMID- 3173798 TI - The fight against powerlessness. PMID- 3173799 TI - AIDS malpractice verdict. PMID- 3173800 TI - Complaints and commendations. PMID- 3173801 TI - Changing economic environment: physicians vs. pharmacists. PMID- 3173802 TI - Measles epidemic in New Jersey: 1985-1986. PMID- 3173803 TI - Conjoint therapy with a deaf and mute couple by a hearing therapist. PMID- 3173804 TI - Anterior diaphragmatic hernia (hernia of Morgagni). PMID- 3173805 TI - Time and time again. PMID- 3173807 TI - New Jersey's new psychiatric commitment law. PMID- 3173806 TI - Vicissitudes. PMID- 3173808 TI - Thyroxine overdose caused by a suicide attempt in an adult. PMID- 3173809 TI - Sagittal organization of the olivocerebellonuclear pathway in the rat. I. Connections with the nucleus fastigii and the nucleus vestibularis lateralis. AB - The organization of the afferent and efferent connections of the sagittal Zones A and B of the cerebellar cortex of the rat have been studied using wheat-germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase as a tracer. A single injection of this tracer into the cerebellar cortex allowed us to study, simultaneously, the crossed olivocortical connections (revealed by the retrograde transport) and the direct corticonuclear connections (revealed by the anterograde transport). The results demonstrate that the olivocerebellonuclear pathway is organized in a longitudinal direction so that for a given small injection of the tracer in one lobule of the cortex, a long sagittal band of the retrograde-labelled cells is obtained in the inferior olive, and a long sagittal band of the labelled terminals is obtained in the cerebellar nuclei. Zone A and Zone B have been arbitrarily defined as the cortical regions projecting, respectively, to the nucleus fastigii (NF) and the nucleus vestibularis lateralis (NVL). Zone A of the rat runs parasagitally from lobules I to IX as described in the cat, but in the posterior lobe it extends much more laterally than in the other mammals to include the lobulus paramedianus and crus I regions. The projections of Zone A to the NF recognize a mediolateral as well as a dorsoventral organization. Zone A receives climbing fibres exclusively from the caudal half of the medial accessory olive (MAO) with a further topographical organization in 4 distinct connections. Zone B of the rat is a narrow strip of the cortex lying adjacent to Zone A and extending from lobule I to VI. It receives climbing fibres from the caudolateral half of the dorsal accessory olive (DAO) and projects to the ipsilateral NVL with no other detectable organization. The majority of the labelled terminals end in the dorsal aspect of the NVL, but a non-negligible quantity also end in the ventral aspect. PMID- 3173810 TI - Sagittal organization of the olivocerebellonuclear pathway in the rat. II. Connections with the nucleus interpositus. AB - The organization of the sagittal Zone C of the cerebellar cortex of the rat was studied with respect to its efferent projections and to its inferior olive (IO) afferent connections. Wheat-germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase was used as a tracer. Zone C has been defined as the cortical region projecting to the nucleus interpositus anterior (NIA) and posterior (NIP). The results show that, in spite of some differences, Zone C of the rat is homologous to that of the cat. Three subzones, C1, C2 and C3, were clearly identified. Subzone C1 appears as a longitudinal band of the cerebellar cortex interrupted at the level of lobules VIb,c and part of lobule VII. It is therefore divided into two sagittal segments, one anterior to lobules I to VIa adjacent to Zone B; and one posterior to lobules VII to VIII adjacent to Zone A. Both segments receive climbing fibres from the lateral aspect of the rostral two-thirds and the medial aspect of the caudal one-third of the dorsal accessory olive (DAO). The Purkinje cell axons from subzone C1 project to both the NIA and the NIP where they occupy the medial one-third of the nucleus. Subzone C2 consists of a continuous sagittal band of the cerebellar cortex and lies between Subzones C1 and C3. It receives climbing fibres from the rostral aspect of the medial accessory olive (MAO) and projects to the central aspect of the NIA and to the lateral half of the NIP. Subzone C3, which is lateral to Subzone C2 and medial to Zone D, appears as a sagittal band of cortex interrupted at the level of lobule VI. It receives climbing fibres from the medial aspect of the DAO and projects to the lateral aspect of the NIA. The orientation of the olivocerebellonuclear circuit is fundamentally sagittal not only in the cerebellar cortex but also in the nuclei and, although less sharply, in the inferior olive. PMID- 3173811 TI - Neocortical connections in fetal cats. AB - The major extrinsic projections to and from visual and auditory areas of cerebral cortex were examined in fetal cats between 46 and 60 days of gestation (E46-E60) using axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase either alone or in combination with tritiated proline. Projections to visual cortex from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and lateral-posterior/pulvinar complex exist by E46, and those from the contralateral hemisphere, claustrum, putamen, and central lateral nucleus of the thalamus are present by E54-E56. In addition, cells in the medial geniculate nucleus project to auditory cortex by E55. At E54-E56 efferent cortical projections reach the contralateral hemisphere, claustrum, putamen, lateral-posterior/pulvinar complex and reticular nucleus of the thalamus. Cells in visual cortex also project to the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei, pretectum, superior colliculus and pontine nuclei, and cells in auditory cortex project to the medial geniculate nucleus. Except for interhemispheric projections, all pathways demonstrated are ipsilateral, and projections linking cerebral cortex with claustrum, dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and lateral posterior/pulvinar complex are reciprocal. The reciprocal projections formed with the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, lateral-posterior/pulvinar complex and the claustrum show a greater degree of topological organization compared to the projections formed with the contralateral hemisphere and superior colliculus, which show little or no topological order. Therefore, the results of the present study show that the major extrinsic projections of the cat's visual and auditory cortical areas with subcortical structures are present by the eighth week of gestation, and that the origins and terminations of many of these projections are arranged topologically. PMID- 3173812 TI - Comments on group II excitation in hindlimb motoneurones in high and low spinal cats. AB - Effects from group II muscle afferents on gastrocnemius-soleus (G-S) motoneurones were compared in unanaesthetized anaemically decerebrated high (C1) and low (Th10) spinal cats. The proportion of G-S motoneurones receiving group II excitation was about the same in low and in high spinal cats. No overall decrease in the strength of group II excitation could be demonstrated after low spinalization. It is postulated that the previously observed low incidence of group II EPSPs in G-S motoneurones in low spinal cats was due to anaesthesia. PMID- 3173814 TI - NPs: distinct providers of a distinct service. PMID- 3173813 TI - A new method for electron microscopic observation of isolated synaptic vesicles labelled with monoclonal antibody. AB - The immunoreaction of a monoclonal antibody (Mab) and an isolated synaptic vesicle (SV) was processed on a grid mesh and the result could be easily observed with electron microscopy. The SV suspension was obtained and dispersed on the grid mesh where immunoreaction procedures were performed. The resulting immunoreaction was visualized by labelling with ferritin particle (FAD) or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for the electron microscopic observation. The SV specimen was observed by electron microscopy after faint negative staining with 1% uranyl acetate. With this method, the positive immunoreaction of Mab 171B5 and the isolated SV could be easily identified by the formation of a halo of FAD or a cobweb of HRP surrounding the SV. In the control experiment, the SV specimen was incubated with normal mouse serum instead of the Mab while the other procedures were performed in the same way. The SV was not outlined by FAD in the control experiment. Thus, the positive immunoreaction of the Mab and SV was thought to be an immunologically specific one. It was also determined that the Mab reacted specifically with the SV but not with the small membrane fragments and other unknown material. The present method seems to be useful for observing the immunoreaction of subcellular structures and their antibodies under electron microscopy. PMID- 3173815 TI - Recognizing borderline personality disorder in the primary care client. AB - The nurse practitioner is responsible for the diagnosis and treatment of a great variety of physical and psychological disorders in the ambulatory client. Frequently the diagnosis of personality disorder is missed, ignored or not even considered. This article will introduce the nurse practitioner to the various personality disorders. The main focus, borderline personality disorder, is estimated to affect 5 to 15 percent of the general population. A picture of the borderline client from etiology to treatment as well as recent research findings and suggestions for history taking and physical exam are covered. Borderline has been a difficult and confusing diagnosis to make because in the past the term has had several different meanings. This article will clarify what this diagnosis means, and will assist the nurse practitioner in the recognition, diagnosis and management of all clients with personality disorders. PMID- 3173816 TI - Orthostatic hypotension occurring after discontinuation of long-term minoxidil therapy. AB - Minoxidil (Loniten), a potent predominant arteriolar vasodilator, provides prompt and effective reduction of blood pressure in many patients with severe hypertension. Minoxidil results, however, in profound reflex tachycardia and increased plasma volume almost always necessitating concomitant use of beta adrenergic blocking agents and diuretics. Hypertrichosis and massive fluid retention are troublesome adverse reactions that may require discontinuation of minoxidil and initiation of an alternative antihypertensive agent. When minoxidil is discontinued, diuretic dosage requires re-evaluation and possible tapering to prevent volume depletion. Volume depletion is a risk factor in patients with persistent peripheral edema, sodium deprivation or dehydration; these states may interfere with physiologic mechanisms that maintain adequate cerebral perfusion upon standing, triggering orthostatic hypotension and potential syncope. Hypertension clinic visits should routinely include supine followed by sitting and standing blood pressure determinations to ensure detection of orthostatic hypotension. Described in the article is a case study in which a patient developed severe orthostatic hypotension one month after minoxidil was discontinued. Pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 3173817 TI - Marketing strategies of nurse practitioners in New York State. AB - As competition within the health care field increases, marketing strategies are becoming more important for all members of the health care team, including nurse practitioners. The purpose of this research was to identify marketing strategies being used by nurse practitioners in New York state. A total of 285 practitioners responded to a survey containing questions related to marketing techniques traditionally used in the business world: service differentiation, market segmentation and practice promotion. A majority of respondents did not report using many of the marketing strategies contained in the survey, although most nurse practitioners did report identifying themselves as primary care providers in one-on-one interactions with clients. Significantly higher marketing scores were found for nurse practitioners who attended a workshop or seminar on marketing strategies, had three or more years of experience, or who practiced in private outpatient settings. PMID- 3173818 TI - Enhancing self care through active negotiation. AB - The concept of self care, increasingly popular over the last decade, is based on a return of individual power and control. The use of an active negotiation process can increase the client's participation and sense of control, thus enhancing self care. A three-phase active negotiation model is presented that suggests specific behaviors that nurse practitioners can use to facilitate client involvement in decisions about their care. PMID- 3173819 TI - Family stress and adaptation. AB - The Double ABCX model of family stress and adaptation addresses the variability in family response to normative and non-normative stressors. In this article, the theory and some of the supporting research are highlighted. The theory's relevance for clinical practice and for future research in primary care is illustrated. PMID- 3173820 TI - How many states provide third-party reimbursement for NPs? PMID- 3173821 TI - Osteoporosis: prevention during the adolescent and young adult years. AB - Osteoporosis is becoming recognized as one of today's serious public health problems. The problem is compounded by the fact that to date, no clearly defined cure has been found. Recent studies have uncovered measures that may prevent or help postpone the onset of this disease. These measures focus on intervention during the adolescent and young adult years when the body is naturally building bone. Prevention should include a balanced diet with adequate calcium and vitamin D, exercise and a decreased use of alcohol and cigarettes. In order to encourage better compliance when working with teens, interventions need to be tailored to meet the autonomy needs inherent in this age group. PMID- 3173822 TI - Acupuncture: an important treatment option. AB - In recent years acupuncture has gained increasing acceptance in this country as a treatment option for certain painful conditions. At the same time, nurse practitioners are seeing greater numbers of Asian immigrants whose beliefs about health and illness are based on the theory of Chinese traditional medicine. This article provides an explanation of Chinese traditional medicine and the use of acupuncture in that context, so that nurse practitioners may take these beliefs into account when planning care for Asian clients. Information on the use of acupuncture from a Western health care perspective is also presented to give nurse practitioners an understanding of this treatment, which will enable them both to explain it to clients and to refer them for acupuncture when appropriate. PMID- 3173823 TI - More information on chronic fatigue syndrome. PMID- 3173824 TI - On Nicaragua's accomplishments in health and education. PMID- 3173825 TI - The management of accidental severe hypothermia. PMID- 3173826 TI - The changing environment of medicine. PMID- 3173827 TI - Awareness of the New York State law banning the sale of tobacco to minors. PMID- 3173828 TI - The early diagnosis of glomerulopathy through the detection of subclinical proteinuria: microalbuminuria. PMID- 3173829 TI - Management of submersion hypothermia: successful resuscitation of a 14-year-old girl. PMID- 3173830 TI - Pneumomediastinum induced by inhalation of alkaloidal cocaine. PMID- 3173832 TI - Shortage of preventive medicine physicians. PMID- 3173834 TI - Dispensing drugs for profit. PMID- 3173831 TI - Unusual autoimmune manifestations in furosemide-associated hypersensitivity angiitis. PMID- 3173833 TI - Generic drugs--a question of safety. PMID- 3173835 TI - Saliva shown to inhibit HIV-1 infectivity. PMID- 3173836 TI - Blood: whose choice and whose conscience? PMID- 3173837 TI - Jehovah's Witnesses and the right to refuse blood. PMID- 3173838 TI - Missed appointments among patients new to a general medical clinic. PMID- 3173839 TI - Jehovah's Witnesses and the transfusion of blood products. PMID- 3173840 TI - Loffler syndrome and ancylostomiasis brasiliensis. PMID- 3173841 TI - Papulonecrotic tuberculid. PMID- 3173842 TI - Utilizing former tuberculosis sanatoria as hospitals for the treatment of AIDS. PMID- 3173843 TI - Chlamydial infections in children and adolescents. PMID- 3173844 TI - A critical area for problem solving and decision making. PMID- 3173845 TI - Patient use of metered dose inhalers. PMID- 3173846 TI - Bicycle safety. PMID- 3173847 TI - Zoonoses of dogs and cats: an overview. PMID- 3173849 TI - New AIDS information service. PMID- 3173848 TI - Tobacco use in New York State: 1982-1986 trends. PMID- 3173850 TI - Researchers express need for national HIV databases. PMID- 3173851 TI - Asthma mortality by neighbourhood of domicile. AB - Asthma mortality in New Zealand from 1976 to 1985 was examined, covering the years of an epidemic of asthma deaths. Using Reinken et al's socioeconomic classification of neighbourhoods in New Zealand, asthma death rates were compared in areas of high, middle and low social need. There was a marked difference in mortality between the highest and the lowest areas. Overall 2.3 times as many persons died from asthma in low socioeconomic areas as from high socioeconomic areas. The increase in asthma deaths in New Zealand during the late 1970's appears to have only occurred in middle and low socioeconomic groups. The neighbourhood measures of need used in this study are clearly predictive of disease and may provide an alternative way of examining the health of communities to the more formal but narrowly based occupational socioeconomic scales. PMID- 3173852 TI - Rehabilitation services received by stroke patients: the Auckland stroke study. AB - A study of the pattern of use of rehabilitation services by stroke survivors in the Auckland region (total population 829,545) found that in 1981-82 the majority of patients with functional motor deficit received, after early referral, a wide range of rehabilitation services. Patients with severe stroke, as measured by motor deficit, were more likely to be referred to rehabilitation services than patients with mild or moderate deficits; four-fifths of all patients with a persisting severe motor deficit were still receiving physiotherapy six months after the stroke. Up to one-third of patients who received rehabilitation did not find the service helpful. The proportion of patients receiving rehabilitation has probably improved since 1982 because of an increase in the number of therapists and a decrease in the number of new strokes each year. A formal evaluation of the quality, effectiveness and acceptability of the services provided to stroke patients should be an urgent priority. PMID- 3173853 TI - A simple exercise test in assessment of asthma. AB - Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is a manifestation of the bronchial hyper responsiveness of asthmatic patients. Laboratory methods for measuring EIA are now well standardised. We compared a stepping test with a standard treadmill exercise test to determine whether the sensitivity of the latter could be maintained with the simplified test. We used heart rate as a measure of exercise intensity and changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to record bronchial responsiveness. In 32 adolescent asthmatic patients we demonstrated a fall in FEV1 of 10% or more in 27 following the treadmill test and in 25 following the stepping test. There was a strong correlation between the maximum falls of FEV1 following the two exercise challenges (r = 0.92 p less than 0.0001). There was poor agreement between the patient's history of EIA and the demonstration of a 10% fall of FEV1 after exercise in 11 patients. Notably all six patients who claimed no association of exercise with their asthma symptoms clearly demonstrated a fall in FEV1 of 10% or more following the treadmill challenge. We conclude that a simplified exercise test can be both objective and sensitive in detecting EIA and therefore useful in the assessment of the asthmatic patient and the effect of therapy. PMID- 3173854 TI - Ten commandments for clinical training. PMID- 3173855 TI - The quality of performance of the fructosamine test. AB - The performance of fructosamine assays in 35 laboratories was assessed over a six month period in 1987. While agreement between laboratories was poor in the range expected in diabetic patients, most laboratories were internally consistent. The interlaboratory differences are largely attributed to the calibration methods used for this test. Fructosamine results from any one laboratory must not be interpreted by comparison with data from other laboratories or the literature. Other common biochemical tests were found to suffer from similar problems, but to a less serious extent. PMID- 3173856 TI - Ethical problems in the use of controls in medical research. PMID- 3173857 TI - Cell mediated immunity in ME syndrome. PMID- 3173858 TI - The cost of cigarette smoking. PMID- 3173859 TI - Chlamydia screening. PMID- 3173860 TI - Hepatitis B immunisation in Tauranga. PMID- 3173861 TI - Malaria prophylaxis. PMID- 3173862 TI - Academy of Medicine. PMID- 3173863 TI - NZ death from malaria. PMID- 3173864 TI - The risk of hepatitis B. PMID- 3173866 TI - NZMA subscriptions and expenditure. PMID- 3173865 TI - Safety of vaccines. PMID- 3173867 TI - Prescribing costs. PMID- 3173868 TI - Screening for cervical cancer. PMID- 3173869 TI - Claw hand in a ropemaker--an occupational overuse syndrome. PMID- 3173870 TI - Recurrent localised extramedullary blast crisis in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukaemia. PMID- 3173871 TI - A world view of AIDS. PMID- 3173872 TI - A survey of virus infections in New Zealand, 1982-6. AB - Between 1982 and 1986 virus infections were identified in 16,372 cases. These identifications were based on virus isolation and/or serological evidence of infection by the main virus diagnostic laboratories at Auckland, Waikato, Christchurch and Dunedin hospitals, and at the National Health Institute. The most frequent virus identifications reported were herpes simplex (46.7%), rotavirus (11.8%), respiratory syncytial virus (5.7%), and adenovirus (5.6%). During this period of surveillance, the most prominent feature has been the high incidence of herpes simplex which reached a peak in 1983 but which has abated only slightly since. Significant trends and virus outbreaks or epidemics were detected with the regular reporting of monthly virus identifications in the New Zealand Virus Report (NZVR); these included a measles epidemic in Auckland in 1984/85, major influenza A outbreaks in 1983, 1985 and 1986, the respiratory syncytial virus epidemic in the winter of 1986, the increased incidence of rotavirus predominantly in young infants and children during the winter months, outbreaks of enterovirus type 71 and parainfluenza type 3 infections in 1986, and rubella in 1984. PMID- 3173873 TI - Guidelines on blood lipid screening and management of hyperlipidaemia. National Health Foundation of New Zealand Advisory Group. PMID- 3173874 TI - The prevention of modern plagues. PMID- 3173875 TI - Admission of geriatric patients to hospital on Niue Island 1977-1982. AB - This report analyses the admission to hospital of people aged 65 years or more on Niue Island in the years 1977-1982. Geriatric admissions, of which 59% were female, comprised 8% of all admissions, equalling the proportion of old people in the community. There were no significant differences by age and or sex for admission rates, reasons for admission, length of stay or disposition. Acute illnesses, particularly respiratory problems, accounted for the majority of geriatric admissions although chronic degenerative disorders, usually cardio vascular in nature, also played a role. The median hospital stay was 10.5 days, with 81% of all geriatric patients being discharged within one month. The majority (79%) of patients are discharged back into the community. Longest hospital stays resulted from potentially preventable accidents and injury, which constitute a leading cause of death for elderly men, from infectious/parasitic diseases, and from nonspecific nursing care admissions. PMID- 3173877 TI - Booted babies. PMID- 3173876 TI - AIDS awareness week and STD clinic attendances. PMID- 3173878 TI - The ME syndrome. PMID- 3173879 TI - Evaluation of blood glucose reflectance meters. PMID- 3173880 TI - Pulmonary oedema in the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. PMID- 3173881 TI - Patient waiting times. PMID- 3173882 TI - General practice management of asthma. PMID- 3173883 TI - Streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3173885 TI - Nurse staffing to quality relationship: an update. PMID- 3173884 TI - A reflection... PMID- 3173886 TI - The legal aspects of emergency services--Part I. PMID- 3173887 TI - Who owns a staff nurse's time? PMID- 3173888 TI - Staff scheduling at an ICF/MR facility. PMID- 3173889 TI - Integrating marketing into nursing service. PMID- 3173890 TI - Marketing nursing: a model for success. PMID- 3173891 TI - The emerging role of the master's-prepared nurse in marketing. PMID- 3173892 TI - Parent perspectives of pediatric oncology nursing services. PMID- 3173893 TI - Nurses taking charge of their practice. PMID- 3173894 TI - Managing the manipulative employee. PMID- 3173895 TI - Support group for night supervisors. PMID- 3173896 TI - The Nursing Student Technician Program. PMID- 3173897 TI - A comparison of two patient classification systems for an MICU. PMID- 3173898 TI - Operating room management in '88. PMID- 3173899 TI - Do nurses utilize their managerial tools? PMID- 3173900 TI - RCTs: a proposal with a future. PMID- 3173901 TI - The status of composites in an evolving profession. PMID- 3173902 TI - On barrier protection. PMID- 3173903 TI - Gloves and infection prevention. PMID- 3173904 TI - Let government achieve reciprocity. PMID- 3173905 TI - Low occupational risk of AIDS. PMID- 3173906 TI - Nuclear medicine for children--a necessity or luxury? PMID- 3173907 TI - Comparison of 99Tcm-labelled MDP and DMAD bone scanning agents in patients with advanced breast cancer. AB - The detection of focal pathology on a bone scan is dependent on the contrast between uptake in a lesion compared with the affinity of the scanning agent for the surrounding normal bone. Dimethyl-amino diphosphonate (DMAD) has a relatively low uptake in normal bone compared with methylene diphosphonate (MDP). We have compared the bone scan appearance with MDP and DMAD in 11 patients with multiple bone metastases from breast cancer. The median time between scans was 7 days (range 6 to 14). In two patients additional lesions were identified on the DMAD scan. No additional lesions were visible on the MDP scans. In five patients some lesions were visualized more clearly with DMAD and others with MDP. In six patients no differences were seen. Anatomical resolution was generally less clear with DMAD and precise anatomical localization was sometimes impossible. We have demonstrated superior lesion detection with DMAD. The clinical value of this for the detection of early relapse of disease in the skeleton requires further study. PMID- 3173908 TI - Fourier phase parameters with possible diagnostic importance as obtained from the radionuclide ventriculograms of normal baboons with and without cardiac catheterization and under prolonged anaesthesia. AB - The possible diagnostic importance of parameters defined from radionuclide ventriculograms and Fourier phase analysis was investigated for data from normal baboons (Papio ursinus) under prolonged anaesthesia (7 hours). Of the 14 animals, 7 were studied using indwelling cardiac catheters. Phase angle differences between the electromechanical activation of the septum and left lateral wall (LLW), and again between the activation of the septum and the apex indicated no significant differences (p greater than 0.05) for the consecutive hourly values for both catheterized and non-catheterized baboons. Consequently, average values and their ranges (mean +/- 1 S.D.) were obtained for these parameters in each group, and they did not differ significantly between the two groups. As could be expected, the activation delays between the septum and LLW, and the septum and apex differed with the latter being significantly longer. The phase angle histogram parameters of atrial peak width, left ventricular plus right ventricular peak width, (LV + RV), LV-to-RV peak separation and LV-to-atrial peak separation were similarly analysed and found not to change significantly between hourly measurements or because of catheterization. Therefore mean normal values and ranges were also obtained for these parameters, possibly to serve as baselines in the diagnosis of subtle conduction pathology. PMID- 3173909 TI - Immunoscintigraphy of human ovarian cancer xenografts using a radiolabelled monoclonal antibody to human pregnancy serum-derived immune complexes. AB - The in vivo imaging of xenografted human ovarian cancer in nude mice with a specific and control radiolabelled monoclonal antibody (MoAb) is described. The specific MoAb was previously raised by immunizing mice with immune complexes derived from late human pregnancy serum. In the first group of mice the specific MoAb 131I-5E3 F(ab')2 was injected, while a second group received equivalent amounts of a control MoAb 131I-UJ13A F(ab')2. The mice were imaged at various times up to a maximum of 2 weeks using a gamma camera, and the tumour to non tumour (T/NT) ratio was recorded for each group. The T/NT ratio rose to 2.02 in the specific group, while the corresponding ratio in the control group was 0.70. In addition, the count rate in the tumour and non-tumour regions was determined on each imaging occasion. Biological half-lives of the divalent fragments of 5E3 and UJ13A in the tumour were 7.53 days and 0.62 days, respectively. Following sacrifice, the tumours were excised and counted relative to the rest of the animal, and the T/NT ratio was calculated. In vitro results were in direct agreement with those recorded in vivo using the gamma camera. From the results it would appear that the divalent fragment of 5E3, which has been raised to immune complexes derived from late human pregnancy serum, is specific for human ovarian tumour xenografts in the nude mouse model. PMID- 3173910 TI - Radioimmunolocalization and selective delivery of radiation in a rat model system: comparison of intact and fragmented antibody. AB - Monoclonal antibody (MoAb) fragments are known to have advantages over intact immunoglobulins for radioimmunoscintigraphy. It is less clear whether they are as effective in the delivery of radioimmunotherapy. The imaging and dosimetric properties of an intact MoAb, K-1-21, reactive against human kappa light chains (LC) were compared with that of its F(ab')2 and Fab fragments using a normal rat model system. Two days after injection of 131I-K-1-21 into rats bearing antigen sepharose implants, gamma camera images showed specific localization of the MoAb to the target (kappa LC) but not to the control (lambda LC) implant. Better images were obtained with K-1-21 F(ab')2 than with Fab or intact antibody. Mean kappa implant: blood ratios were 8.6 +/- 3.9 for Fab, 7.9 +/- 1.8 for F(ab')2 and 2.0 +/- 0.3 for intact K-1-21. The improvement associated with the use of 131I-K 1-21 fragments was, however, achieved at the expense of lower absolute values of activity at the target site. Thus the absorbed dose delivered to the implant by the intact K-1-21 was double that delivered with F(ab')2 and six times that delivered with Fab. As intact K-1-21 also delivered a greater radiation dose to normal tissues, F(ab')2 fragments may have the greatest overall advantages for therapy with radionuclide MoAb conjugates. PMID- 3173911 TI - Variability of ejection fraction results using commercial cardiac phantoms. AB - Variable ejection fraction results were obtained using two commercial phantoms with three different computer systems. The reasons for the results and their implications are discussed. PMID- 3173912 TI - Integrated dynamic image of the liver: a new dynamic study for evaluation of liver disease. AB - A new method of hepatic dynamic imaging, which we designated an integrated image, is described. In this new method, the passage of the radiocolloid from the subclavian vein through the central circulation system to the abdominal organs and its accumulation in the liver was recorded on a single X-ray film. With this method, hepatic blood flow can be easily evaluated by comparison of the density between the liver and lung. Increased or decreased perfusion of the space occupying lesions in the liver can also be evaluated. This method is very simple in technique and can be performed routinely in any hospital which has nuclear medicine facilities. PMID- 3173913 TI - The case for routine bone mass measurements. PMID- 3173914 TI - Effect of unlabelled monoclonal antibody (MoAb) on biodistribution of 111indium labelled (MoAb). AB - We have evaluated immunoscintigraphy in cancer patients using four 111In-labelled murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAb): 96.5 (anti-P97 of melanoma), ZME-018 (anti high molecular weight antibody of melanoma), ZCE-025 (anti-CEA for colon cancer) and PAY-276 (anti-prostatic acid phosphatase for prostatic cancer). The effect of increasing the doses of unlabelled MoAb (co-infused with 1 mg labelled MoAb) on the relative body distribution of each labelled MoAb was assessed. Localization in the liver decreased significantly in all cases, with increasing MoAb dose, except for ZME-018. Localization in other organs increased significantly as the liver activity decreased. The spleen activity, however, fell in the case of MoAb ZME-018. Blood-pool activity increased with MoAb dose in all four MoAbs. These findings correlated with the rise in the detection rate of metastases, the plasma half-life, and other pharmacokinetic parameters. However, the dose level at which this correlation occurred varied with each antibody. These data demonstrate that co-infusion of unlabelled MoAb with 111In-labelled MoAb could alter the organ distribution, pharmacokinetics and tumour uptake in a favourable manner, though the degree to which this occurs depends on the antibody in question. PMID- 3173915 TI - Aerosol-perfusion lung scintigraphy: value of ventilation subtraction. AB - 99Tcm-labelled aerosol ventilation and 99Tcm-macroaggregate albumin (99Tcm-MAA) perfusion can be performed in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE). If both examinations are performed on the same day, the superposition of activity from the first scintigraphic examination might mask defects in the second. In this study, 106 examinations were carried out for suspected PE. Aerosol ventilation was performed first with 20 to 30 mCi 99Tcm-labelled rhenium sulphur (four views, 200,000 counts). Immediately afterwards, with the patient remaining in the same position, 5 to 7 mCi of 99Tcm-MAA were injected (four views, 400,000 counts). After normalization, aerosol activity was subtracted from perfusion images and unprocessed perfusion (UP) and ventilation subtraction perfusion (SP) images were compared. Interobserver diagnostic reproducibility between three readers was calculated both for UP and SP images. Intraobserver reproducibility between UP and SP images was calculated for each reader. Interobserver reproducibility was comparable for SP and UP images. Intraobserver reproducibility was good. Thus, whether ventilation was subtracted or not from perfusion images, there was no appreciable effect on perfusion defect detection. However, some perfusion abnormalities showed up more clearly on SP images. Perfusion can be performed immediately after aerosol ventilation; the images thus obtained are reliable for interpretation, and subtraction of ventilation is not necessary. PMID- 3173916 TI - Immunoscintigraphy of adenocarcinomas by means of 111In-labelled F(ab')2 fragments of anti-CEA monoclonal antibody F023C5. AB - F(ab')2 fragments of F023C5, an anti-CEA monoclonal antibody, were conjugated to diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) and converted into a ready to use reagent for instant 111In-labelling. The resulting 111In radiopharmaceutical (2-3 mCi/0.5 mg of F(ab')2 fragments) was administered intravenously and tested for its ability to image (at 48-72 h after administration) 31 primary and 85 metastatic carcinoma lesions in 70 adenocarcinoma patients (26 gastrointestinal, 18 breast and 26 lung tumor patients) whose serum CEA was elevated in 43 cases and normal in the other 27. The results were as follows: no adverse reactions or evidence of toxicity were observed in any of the patients. positive immunoscintigraphy results were obtained in 78% CEA-seropositive and in 64% seronegative patients. the fraction of documented lesions which was imaged was 69% in CEA-seropositive patients and 39% in seronegative patients. several 'unexpected' radiolocalizations were imaged; 30/34 were confirmed as (previously occult) tumour lesions in follow-up studies. In 6 patients, the immunoscintigraphic demonstration of previously occult lesions contributed to the early detection of tumour recurrences. the major limitation of the method is the non-specific radioactivity accumulation in the liver, which prevents the detection of liver metastases. in CEA-seropositive patients the fraction of imaged extra-hepatic tumour lesions is over 80%. the major cause of negative immunoscintigraphy results is lack of CEA in the tumour lesion, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry of surgically removed tumours. PMID- 3173917 TI - Is radiolabelled sucralphate scintigraphy of any use in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease? AB - Previous optimistic reports led us to undertake a study to determine the value of 99Tcm-sucralphate scintigraphy in the assessment of localization and extent of active inflammatory bowel disease. Eight patients were studied; four had Crohn's disease (three small bowel and one colon localization) and four patients had ulcerative colitis. The results obtained by scintigraphy were compared with those obtained by diagnostic radiology and/or endoscopy. In five patients indium-111 granulocyte scintigraphy was also performed. 99Tcm-sucralphate scans showed total discrepancy with standard investigations in four patients and partial discrepancy in the other four. Furthermore, it was difficult from the images to decide whether the radiolabelled sucralphate indicated true inflammation or normal distribution of the radiopharmaceutical. Patient acceptability was very low due to frequent scanning times and the recommended purgation which was not well tolerated and is contraindicated in severely ill patients. We conclude that this technique is not a good screening test for diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease and we have, therefore, discontinued the study. PMID- 3173918 TI - Assessment of vertebral mineral content by means of a single-crystal scintillation camera. AB - Increasing interest in bone mass has led to dedicated commercial dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) instruments. We describe a method for the measurement of the mineral content of the lumbar spine using a scintillation camera. The most appropriate source(s) and collimator were investigated. An especially constructed arm placed the sources in the focal point of a converging collimator. Two single peak sources, 99Tcm and 241Am, were used instead of dual-peak 153Gd source. Phantom studies showed no degradation of the results in water depths of up to 26 cm. Acquiring 10 Mcounts per image over a 300 cm2 field, a coefficient of variation (c.v.) of 1.7% was obtained. Reducing the total counts per image to 1 Mcount gave rise to a c.v. of 6.2%. Long-term measurements showed a c.v. of 1.1% for density, with a mean value of 0.98 gHa cm-2 compared to 0.90 for a commercial DPA instrument. Repeated measurements of the lumbar spine on 10 patients with a 2 week interval showed a c.v. of 5%. Comparative measurements were made between the scintillation camera and a commercial DPA instrument on six volunteers. Systematic higher results, similar to those observed with the phantom, were obtained with the scintillation camera. The reproducibility on a phantom and in patients is in the same range as commercial DPA instruments. The low cost related to the use of standard nuclear medicine equipment and to inexpensive radioactive sources represent definite advantages. PMID- 3173919 TI - Vaginal bromocriptine: pharmacology and effect on serum prolactin in normal women. AB - Oral bromocriptine treatment of hyperprolactinemia is frequently associated with gastrointestinal side effects. To assess the efficacy and safety of an alternate route of treatment, we randomly administered 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg of bromocriptine vaginally to five normal women at 1-week intervals. Plasma bromocriptine and prolactin (PRL) levels were measured hourly for 12 hours, then every 2 hours for 12 hours after each dose. At the end of each study, the vagina was flushed with saline for measurement of residual drug. For comparison of serum PRL levels, six additional women were given 2.5 mg bromocriptine orally. After administration of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg vaginally, plasma bromocriptine was initially detectable at 5.4 +/- 0.4, 4.4 +/- 0.7, and 3.5 +/- 0.6 hours, respectively. For the same vaginal doses, the mean (+/- SEM) peak plasma levels were 555 +/- 164 pg/mL at 12 +/- 0.6 hours, 702 +/- 252 pg/mL at 11.2 +/- 0.9 hours, and 1055 +/- 220 pg/mL at 10.7 +/- 1.7 hours, respectively. After each dose, there was a slow decline in plasma bromocriptine levels, remaining above 50% of peak values at 24 hours. Less than 1% of the administered drug was recovered from the vagina at 24 hours. The pattern of PRL inhibition with all three doses was similar. The mean plasma PRL level decreased by 7 hours, the maximum PRL decrease (64 +/- 3, 75 +/- 1, and 66 +/- 4% after 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg, respectively) occurring at 11 hours, and the plasma PRL levels changed little during the remaining 13 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3173920 TI - The fascia lata sling procedure for treating recurrent genuine stress incontinence of urine. AB - The fascia lata sling procedure has been used over the past 22 years in our unit for treating recurrent urinary stress incontinence when irreparably poor local support tissues were suspected. Sixty-nine patients had undergone one previous operation to correct urinary stress incontinence. One hundred one patients had two or more previous operations. The cure rate for the condition of genuine stress incontinence has been 100% in the last 148 cases and 98.2% overall. However, the cure rate for the symptom of urinary stress incontinence was 92.4%. There were only three sling failures in the entire series, occurring in the first 22 cases. Ten other patients had urinary incontinence with stress because of motor urge incontinence. The most troublesome postoperative problem has been delayed voiding. PMID- 3173921 TI - Use of sulprostone for induction of preoperative cervical dilation or uterine evacuation: a comparison among the effects of different treatment schedules. AB - Sulprostone was administered to 144 pregnant women to induce either preoperative cervical dilation or uterine evacuation. A comparison was performed to select the drug treatment schedule showing the greatest effects with the lowest incidence of side effects. As for preoperative cervical dilation, the local (intracervical/intramural) injection of 50 + 50 micrograms and the intramuscular treatment with 500 micrograms of sulprostone showed the most favorable effects on the cervix after 12 and 6 hours, respectively. The cervix dilated 8 mm or more in 82.6% of subjects treated locally and in 85.7% of those treated intramuscularly. No patient experienced a serious side effect, but two displayed vomiting after receiving 500 micrograms of the drug. Uterine evacuation was induced by both repeated intramuscular injections (500 micrograms every 4 hours) and continuous intravenous infusion (2.8 micrograms/minute for 6 hours) of sulprostone in more than 90% of the patients with intact pregnancy, missed abortion, or fetal death. The efficacy of the drug was not influenced by gestational age or parity. Gastrointestinal symptoms were the only recorded side effects, with negligible incidence and intensity for both routes of sulprostone administration. PMID- 3173922 TI - A comparison of chorionic villi sampling and amniocentesis: acceptability of procedure and maternal attachment to pregnancy. AB - Sixty-one women with high-risk pregnancies participated in a clinical trial comparing chorionic villi sampling and amniocentesis. They were assessed initially on five background measures and maternal attachment to the fetus, then were randomly assigned to either chorionic villi sampling or an amniocentesis group. Women were further assessed for maternal attachment three times during pregnancy. During the final assessment, those who were planning future pregnancies were asked which of the two procedures they would prefer. No differences between groups were found on any of the five background measures. All 31 women who considered future pregnancies indicated a preference for chorionic villi sampling, regardless of the procedure they underwent during the study. Women receiving chorionic villi sampling reported significantly greater attachment during the second trimester than did women receiving amniocentesis, who viewed themselves as being less attached than other pregnant women during this period. The findings were interpreted as evidence for attachment suppression among women undergoing amniocentesis. PMID- 3173923 TI - Preterm labor in twin pregnancies: prediction by cervical assessment. AB - Patients attending a twin pregnancy antenatal clinic underwent cervical palpation at each visit to calculate a cervical score by subtracting dilatation from length. Prediction of the onset of labor by cervical assessment was studied in 223 already parous women with twin pregnancies who ultimately labored spontaneously. The lower the score, the shorter was the mean time until delivery, although there existed a subgroup of patients who had ripe cervices for several weeks before the onset of labor. The cervical score itself appeared to give better prediction of labor than did changes in the score. Cervical assessment identified a group of twin pregnancies at especially high risk of preterm labor, in that 76% of patients with a score of -2 or less at or before 34 weeks delivered preterm. There was no evidence that labor was precipitated by vaginal examination, although this requires further study. PMID- 3173924 TI - Maternal and neonatal transport: results of a national collaborative survey of preterm and very low birth weight infants in The Netherlands. AB - In a Dutch national collaborative study on 1338 infants, born in 1983 after a pregnancy of less than 32 weeks and/or with a birth weight of less than 1500 g, a comparison was made between maternal transport to university hospital perinatal centers and delivery in local or regional general hospitals and between neonatal transport to university hospital neonatal centers and treatment in local or regional general hospitals. The risk of mortality was investigated by means of logistic regression analysis including 27 perinatal risk factors as confounding variables. The results showed that infants born after maternal transport to centers had a significantly lower mortality risk. Infants treated in centers after neonatal transport had a lower mortality risk as well, but this was not statistically significant at a .05 level. The results of the study confirm that referral by maternal transport to level III centers offers the best prospects for high-risk preterm infants. PMID- 3173925 TI - Oxytocin-induced labor characteristics and uterine activity after preinduction cervical priming with prostaglandin E2 intracervical gel. AB - Labor characteristics and quantitation of uterine activity resulting from oxytocin induction of labor after intracervical prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) gel priming have not been previously reported. Forty-seven women with modified Bishop scores of 5 or less received preinduction priming with 0.5 mg of intracervical PGE2 gel. Oxytocin was used to induce labor after priming, and uterine activity was quantitated. A matched group of control patients was managed identically but did not receive PGE2 gel. In the gel group, modified Bishop scores improved significantly and in two patients (4%), priming alone induced labor. No uterine hyperstimulation or fetal heart rate abnormalities occurred during priming. Cesarean sections for all indications and those for failed induction were less common in the gel group. The length of the active phase and the second stage of labor were significantly shorter in the gel group. Uterine activity was similar in both groups. The data suggest a primary cervical action of the gel. PMID- 3173926 TI - Ultrasound effects on fetal auditory brain stem responses. AB - The use of diagnostic ultrasound raises questions regarding its bioeffects upon fetal auditory function. This study was designed to determine whether ultrasound produces changes in the auditory brain stem response in fetal lambs. Near-term fetal lambs were chronically instrumented with electroencephalogram electrodes at the vertex and the right mastoid region. An earphone was secured in the fetal right external ear canal for auditory stimulation. An ATL mechanical sector scanner was used for all ultrasound studies at a spatial peak, temporal average intensity of 15.5 mW/cm2. Auditory brain stem responses were recorded at five and 15 minutes during pulsed-wave ultrasound exposure of the cranium and then 30 minutes after cessation of insonation. Sham experiments (without insonation) were then performed in a similar time sequence to rule out the effects of habituation. There was a consistent decrease in the mean amplitude and a consistent increase in the mean latency of all five wave deflections of the auditory brain stem response during insonation. These changes persisted for 30 minutes following cessation of insonation, after which auditory brain stem response amplitude and latency values returned toward control values. No changes in auditory brain stem response amplitude or latency were observed during sham experiments. We conclude that direct ultrasound exposure of the fetal cranium through the maternal abdominal wall may temporarily influence nerve conduction along central nervous system axonal pathways. This transient influence is reversible, with all values approaching baseline within 30 minutes. PMID- 3173927 TI - Intermittent weekly contraction monitoring to predict preterm labor in low-risk women: a blinded study. AB - To assess the predictive value of uterine activity as a marker for subsequent preterm labor, 139 black, inner city women were monitored at least three times for 1 hour between 28-32 weeks' gestation using a portable tocodynamometer. All had singleton gestations and gave no previous history of preterm labor or delivery. They were monitored between 8 and 10 AM while sitting in the clinic waiting area. Uterine activity records, numbered randomly, were transmitted by telephone to a site remote from the hospital. No one having any clinical contact with the participants saw or received feedback regarding the contraction data. Tocodynamometry records were then mailed to another center where they were read by one investigator blinded to all clinical information. The mean contraction frequency during the single hour of weekly testing was significantly greater for the 16 women who developed preterm labor than for women who delivered at term at each point between weeks 28-32. Using greater than six contractions per hour on at least one occasion between 28-32 weeks' gestation as a predictor would have identified 12 of 16 women (sensitivity 75%) who subsequently developed preterm labor. This contraction frequency was noted in 26 of 123 women (21%) who labored at term (specificity 79%; P = .0003). PMID- 3173928 TI - Incidental adnexal neoplasms at cesarean section. AB - A 10-year retrospective review was conducted of incidental adnexal neoplasms found at the time of cesarean section. During the 10-year period between July 1, 1976 and June 30, 1986, 17,902 cesarean sections were performed at Women's Hospital of the Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center. Adnexal neoplasms were identified with an incidence of one neoplasm per 197 cesarean sections. When a neoplasm is discovered during surgery, conservative surgery is recommended. PMID- 3173929 TI - Ovarian cystectomy for serous borderline tumors: a follow-up study of 35 cases. AB - We have investigated the frequency of persistence or recurrence of tumor in 35 patients with ovarian serous borderline tumors treated by unilateral cystectomy, bilateral cystectomy, or unilateral cystectomy with contralateral oophorectomy or salpingo-oophorectomy. Nineteen of the patients had stage Ia, ten had stage Ib, four had stage Ic, and two had stage III tumors. Tumor persisted or recurred only in the ovary that had been subjected to cystectomy in two (6%) of the 33 patients with stage I tumors, in both the ipsilateral and contralateral ovary in one patient (3%), and in the contralateral ovary only in one patient (3%). The frequency of ipsilateral persistence or recurrence of tumor per ovary subjected to cystectomy in this group of patients was 8%. Both patients with stage III tumors had persistence or recurrence of their tumors. Involvement of the resection margin of the cystectomy specimen and the removal of more than one cyst from an ovary were almost always associated with persistence or recurrence of tumor. Follow-up of the 35 patients showed that despite the occasional complication of persistence or recurrence of tumor, all were alive without evidence of disease 3-18 years after the initial operation, with an average follow-up of 7.5 and a median follow-up of 6.5 years. PMID- 3173930 TI - Peritoneal cytology of ovarian cancer patients receiving intraperitoneal therapy: quantitation of malignant cells and response. AB - An analysis was performed of malignant and host cells found in peritoneal fluids obtained during intraperitoneal chemotherapy and immunotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer. The concentration of malignant cells and the surgically documented response to the intraperitoneal treatment were correlated. Twenty three patients were treated with intraperitoneal cisplatin or alpha-2 interferon (rIFN-alpha 2) after persistent carcinoma was documented at second-look laparotomy. Six patients (26%) had a complete response to therapy, and all of these patients had a malignant cell concentration of less than 10(2)cells/cm2/dL. No responses were seen in patients whose initial malignant cell concentration was greater than 10(3)cells/cm2/dL. Among patients treated with intraperitoneal alpha interferon, five of 11 whose initial concentration of malignant cells was less than 10(2) cells/cm2/dL responded to therapy, whereas none of the patients whose malignant cell concentration was 10(2) cells/cm2/dL or greater responded. In patients treated with intraperitoneal cisplatin, the initial concentration of malignant cells associated with any surgically documented response was less than 10(3)cells/cm2/dL. A host mesothelial reaction was prominent after intraperitoneal alpha-interferon, but not observed in women treated with intraperitoneal cis-platin. The fluctuating pattern of peritoneal white blood cells documented during therapy did not correlate with response. THe evaluation of peritoneal cytology specimens during intraperitoneal chemotherapy should include a quantitative assessment of malignant cells and reactive mesothelial cells in order to reflect more accurately the histologically documented findings. Initial quantitative cytology appears to correlate with the likelihood of a surgically documented response to intraperitoneal therapy. PMID- 3173931 TI - Gland cell carcinoma (adenocarcinoma) of the cervix. AB - A review of 203 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cervix treated at the University of Michigan Medical Center from 1970-1985 is reported. The following subtypes were identified: endocervical, 94 (46%); adenosquamous, 67 (33%); papillary, 21 (11%); clear cell, 16 (8%); and mucoid, five (4%). The distribution by stage of disease included stage I, 125 (62%); stage II, 40 (20%); stage III, 25 (12%); and stage IV, 13 (6%). One patient was lost to follow-up. Overall, 107 patients (53%) died from disease. The cumulative 5-year survival rate varied significantly according to the following: stage of disease--stage I 60%, stage II 47%, stage III 8%, stage IV 0%; tumor grade--well-differentiated 75%, moderately differentiated 57%, poorly differentiated 29%; lymph node status--negative nodes 79%, positive nodes 12%; patient age--less than 40 years 65%, 40-60 years 46%, over 60 years 30%; and interval from previous pelvic examination--within 1 year 65%, 1-3 years 41%, beyond 3 years 36%. The histologic subtype did not significantly influence survival. Treatment strategies should be directed at high risk groups as defined by the stage of disease, tumor differentiation, and lymph node status. PMID- 3173932 TI - Use of the subcutaneous terbutaline pump for long-term tocolysis. AB - Nine patients in preterm labor requiring long-term tocolysis were managed with subcutaneous terbutaline administered via a portable infusion pump. All had failed oral tocolytic therapy and were therefore faced with prolonged hospitalization. In this feasibility study, the patients were treated at home and monitored with portable tocodynamometers and home nursing visits. Uterine activity data were transmitted via telephone to the study center and terbutaline pump infusion rates were adjusted accordingly. Terbutaline pump therapy consisted of a combination of low-dose continuous basal infusion supplemented with intermittent high-dose boluses. Total daily drug dosage remained exceptionally low (less than 3 mg/24 hours). The mean gestational age at initiation of therapy was 29.6 +/- 3.7 weeks, and pregnancy was prolonged an average of 9.2 +/- 4.3 weeks. The minimum gestational age at delivery was 37.3 weeks. Patient tolerance was excellent and, in a total 394 patient-days of therapy, there were no significant complications. We conclude that the portable subcutaneous terbutaline pump may be a promising new method for long-term outpatient tocolysis in patients who cannot be maintained on oral therapy. PMID- 3173933 TI - Use of atracurium besylate to arrest fetal activity during intrauterine intravascular transfusions. AB - Prevention of movement during intrauterine transfusion is important to facilitate the procedure and to prevent injury to the fetus. We administered atracurium besylate to the fetus via the umbilical vein during 12 intrauterine intravascular transfusions. A dose of 0.2-0.4 mg/kg of estimated fetal weight was administered after needle entry into the umbilical vein. With a dose of 0.2 mg/kg, fetal movement was slowed transiently. Thereafter, 0.4 mg/kg was administered. All recipients were paralyzed for the duration of the procedure. Fetal activity returned 20-130 minutes later. PMID- 3173934 TI - Surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence: a comparison of the Kelly plication, Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz, and Pereyra procedures. PMID- 3173935 TI - Selective first-trimester termination in octuplet and quadruplet pregnancies: clinical and ethical issues. PMID- 3173936 TI - Prevention of osteoporosis: treatment of estradiol deficiency. AB - Estradiol (E2) plays a major role in maintaining women's skeletal integrity. Loss of bone mass is a regular occurrence with E2 deficiency, regardless of etiology. Estrogen-dependent bone loss follows a predictable pattern. Initially, it is quite rapid, preferentially affecting trabecular bone, which may decrease by 5-8% annually, whereas compact or cortical bone decreases by 1-3% annually. After 10 15 years of E2 deficiency, the rate of loss each year decreases; however, by that time, skeletal mass may be one-third to one-half of its youthful level. Because of the resultant skeletal fragility, even minimal trauma can produce fractures of the spine and wrist. After an additional 10-15 years of bone loss, hip fractures occur with alarming frequency. Timely restoration of E2 levels can prevent estrogen-dependent bone loss and can reduce significantly the risk of fracture. Studies show that 2 mg of E2 administered orally is an adequate dose; 1 mg will suffice if it is combined with a high dietary calcium intake. High calcium intake without estrogen is not effective in preventing the accelerated loss of bone that occurs in the years immediately after menopause. Long-term studies confirm that postmenopausal women who regularly use estrogen have greater bone mass and fewer osteoporotic fractures. Physicians should be encouraged to treat all estrogen deficient women, particularly those who appear to be at higher risk for osteoporosis. PMID- 3173937 TI - The effects of estradiol on blood lipids and lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. AB - Endogenous sex steroids seem to exert a major influence on plasma lipoprotein levels. During menopause, endogenous estradiol (E2) levels decrease, and the low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, which gradually increases with age, rises more rapidly, with mean plasma levels exceeding those of age-matched men. It is surprising that the reduction of endogenous E2 does not appear to influence high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Women who experience early menopause have a higher incidence of coronary heart disease than do premenopausal women of similar age; however, this risk is decreased in women treated with oral estrogens. Oral administration of E2 increases plasma concentrations of estrone, E2, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and decreases plasma concentrations of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. This effect seems to be dose dependent. Increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration depends primarily on an HDL2 subfraction increase. It is interesting to speculate that the effects of oral estrogen replacement on plasma lipoproteins might be important in reducing coronary heart disease risk. Sequential addition of progestogens attenuates the effects of estrogen on plasma lipids and lipoproteins to some degree. However, the type and dose of the progestogen are important. Most progestogens derived from 19-nortestosterone, for example, reduce high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and, in higher doses, increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. In contrast, progestogens derived from 17-hydroxyprogesterone exert only minor effects on plasma lipoproteins. As with oral contraceptives, the net effect of estrogen-progestogen replacement therapy on plasma lipoproteins depends on the dose and potency of the involved drugs. PMID- 3173938 TI - Estrogen replacement therapy. AB - More than 40 million American women are menopausal; another 3.5 million women will be reaching the climacteric age each year for the next 12 years. These women will have a life expectancy of more than 30 years after menopause. In America, there are three widely recognized indications for postmenopausal hormone replacement: vasomotor symptoms, dyspareunia, and the progressive development of osteoporosis. Ovarian hormone research indicates a wide variety of nonreproductive effects of ovarian steroids. The recognition of the relationship between ovarian hormone imbalance and signs and symptoms of disturbed function in these systems provides a new frontier for continuing research and preventive health care. PMID- 3173939 TI - Optimal use of postmenopausal hormone replacement. AB - The well-informed physician can use the following specific strategies to help postmenopausal women obtain maximum benefit from estrogen therapy: 1) choosing the woman most likely to benefit; 2) initiating therapy at a time when it will do the most good; 3) tailoring treatment to maximize safety, efficacy, and acceptability; and 4) fostering patient commitment to long-term treatment through education, monitoring, and supportive counseling. PMID- 3173940 TI - Remote health. Remote medicine. PMID- 3173941 TI - Remote health. Occupational health care in the Antarctic. PMID- 3173942 TI - Remote health. Health care for divers. PMID- 3173943 TI - Remote health. Environmental heat. PMID- 3173944 TI - Remote health. Medical consequences of a rig abandonment. PMID- 3173945 TI - Biological monitoring. PMID- 3173946 TI - AIDS: a rehabilitation perspective. PMID- 3173947 TI - The clinical psychologist: Part II. PMID- 3173948 TI - Avoid confined space hazards with comprehensive entry program. PMID- 3173949 TI - Occupational safety and health issues affect registered nurses. PMID- 3173950 TI - Sampling, analysis in on-site labs provide quicker asbestos answers. PMID- 3173951 TI - Asbestos can be safe. PMID- 3173952 TI - School district introduces new asbestos control instruction. PMID- 3173953 TI - Second stage in the war against asbestos is about to be unleashed. PMID- 3173954 TI - Who is liable when worker is exposed to harm? PMID- 3173955 TI - Award programs reduce costs, improve worker safety records. PMID- 3173956 TI - Perceptions of ourselves as workers contribute to mental, physical health. PMID- 3173957 TI - The impact of health professionals should be judged by variety of factors. PMID- 3173958 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome sufferers find relief with ergonomic designs. PMID- 3173959 TI - Hysteroscopy. PMID- 3173960 TI - Dysfunctional uterine bleeding. AB - Abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive age, that is, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, is a very common symptom encountered in office gynecology. The judicious use of hysteroscopy to manage this medical entity adds a new dimension in handling this often perplexing problem. This article focuses mainly on abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years because the use of hysteroscopy for this problem in the peri- or postmenopausal woman is less well defined. PMID- 3173961 TI - Hysteroscopy in the management of endometrial cancer. AB - Hysteroscopy thus has a definite place in the investigation of the patient with abnormal bleeding but so far has not offered significant additional information for the management of the established case of endometrial carcinoma. PMID- 3173962 TI - UCR: a different definition. PMID- 3173963 TI - England's National Health Service: still a success. PMID- 3173965 TI - Hospital medical staffs--fighting back from the trenches. PMID- 3173964 TI - New educational materials for you and your patient. PMID- 3173966 TI - [Expression of the erythroblast antigen on hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic mouse cells. 1. The flow cytofluorimetric analysis of stem, committed and differentiated bone marrow cells]. AB - Expression of the erythroblast antigen (AG-EB) on the membrane of the mouse hemopoietic cells was studied using a FACS II flow cytofluorimeter with monoclonal antibodies MAE15. It was shown that AG-EB was present on the surface of 14% of the late committed erythroid precursors (CFU-3) and of practically all more mature erythroid cells. The role of AG-EB in maturation of the erythroid cells is discussed. PMID- 3173967 TI - [Dynamics of postnatal histogenesis of the thyroid in normal rats and after sympathectomy]. AB - The changes of the thyroid gland and neurocytes of the cranial sympathetic ganglia were followed in rats of different ages after guanethidine injections with the use of radioimmunological assay, electron microscopy and morphometry. The injection of 15 mg of the drug per kg of body weight within the first two weeks after birth caused the death of over 80% of the cells in the sympathetic ganglion. In the sympathectomized 15-day- and 1-month-old rats the functional activity of the thyroid gland was markedly reduced. Later on, intrathyroid hormonogenesis somewhat increases due, apparently, to partial recovery of the organ adrenergic innervation and increase in the production of thyrotropic hypophysial hormone and calcitonin. PMID- 3173968 TI - [Process formation and dynamics of the spreading of cultured cells on an extracellular matrix of fibroblasts]. AB - Flattening of the normal mouse and human fibroblasts and of the epithelial cells (lines from rat liver IAR-2, trachea of calf foetus FBT and mouse kidney MPTR) was studied on isolated extracellular matrix (EM) formed by human fibroblasts in culture has been studied. EM consisted of fibers, usually parallel to each other. Flattening of the fibroblasts on EM was slower and less even than on glass. Separate processes formed in place of a ring lamella and those processes gradually stretched which were parallel to the EM fibers. Within 24 h fibroblasts were stretched and oriented along the EM fibers. At the EM-glass boundary fibroblasts migrated from EM to glass. Epithelial cells also flattened on EM more slowly and unequally on EM than on glass. Within 24 h, the IAR-2 and FBT cells were less flattened than on glass, acquired a disc-like shape with uneven contours and, sometimes, an oval shape. MPTR cells and their colonies were oriented and stretched along the EM fibers. PMID- 3173969 TI - [Activation of in vitro maturing oocytes of the Spanish newt as affected by cycloheximide]. AB - The P. waltlii oocytes matured in vitro are activated as a result of cycloheximide (CH) treatment. The female nucleus formation was completed in all activated oocytes within 8 h after the onset of treatment. Activation was induced by 0.5 micrograms/ml CH and 5 micrograms/ml CH induced activation in all treated oocytes. PMID- 3173970 TI - [Transfer of the gene of the BTSh 70 heat-shock protein from Drosophila into the mouse genome]. AB - The integration of the gene of the Drosophila heat shock protein BTSh 70 into the mouse genome has been described. Approximately 20 copies of the gene were integrated. PMID- 3173971 TI - All proper treatment is experimental. PMID- 3173972 TI - Cataract surgery: the ongoing challenge. PMID- 3173973 TI - Implantation of a disc lens in the capsular bag. AB - We report a series of 65 cataract extractions with implantation of a rigid, posteriorly vaulted, disc-shaped lens in the capsular bag. Eight-nine percent achieved 20/40 vision or better, and 54% achieved 20/20 vision or better. The lens remained well centered in all cases. The method is described, and the practical and theoretical advantages of implantation of a lens approaching a natural shape are discussed. PMID- 3173974 TI - Can the accuracy of intraocular lens calculations be improved? AB - Regression analysis of data from 222 extracapsular cataract extractions was performed to determine if the accuracy of IOL prediction in cataract surgery can be improved. Polynomial and piecewise regression of large, medium, and short eyes were used to calculate new formulas for IOL prediction. The Taylor series representation of the theoretical lens power formula was calculated to determine what combination of the variables for IOL power prediction are reasonable to consider in constructing a polynomial regression model. The formulas calculated from the data in this study were compared with other published methods of IOL calculation. In this study, the difference between the postoperative refraction error and emmetropia was independent of the formula used. The exception was the modified Binkhorst formula, which caused greater error. Inclusion of higher order terms in the regression formula or piecewise regression did not reduce the postoperative refractive error. PMID- 3173975 TI - An evaluation of the Hyde surgical astigmatic ruler. AB - The Hyde Ruler, a semi-quantitative intraoperative keratometric device, was compared with the Bausch and Lomb keratometer by taking 50 paired measurements of induced astigmatism on a model cornea. The correlation between the two instruments was 0.884, and regression of the Hyde Ruler estimates on the Bausch and Lomb keratometer readings produced a slope of 0.732 with an intercept of 0.150 D. From the regression equation, a correction was applied to the Hyde Ruler estimates, resulting in 68.2% of the latter falling within 1.22 D or less of the Bausch and Lomb readings. We consider this accuracy to be acceptable for a semi quantitative intraoperative keratometer, and should allow appropriate suture tensioning during cataract surgery to aid in early visual rehabilitation of the patient. PMID- 3173976 TI - Reproducibility of determining vitamin A status by impression cytology. AB - Impression cytology is a simple technique for detecting vitamin A deficiency. Methods of specimen collection, fixation, and staining are amenable to use in developing countries. Routine use of the technique requires good interobserver agreement. We compared the impression cytology results of 206 patient examinations analyzed by an experienced observer with those obtained by a newly trained observer. Percent agreement measured 96% (197/206) with a kappa of 0.90, indicating excellent agreement. Further improvement in interobserver agreement may be obtainable by simplification of the staining process to highlight the presence or absence of goblet cells, and by simplification of the staging criteria. PMID- 3173977 TI - Intraocular pressure following intravitreal silicone oil injection. AB - The clinical features of 100 consecutive cases and the histopathology of six enucleated eyes, all having undergone silicone oil injection for complicated retinal detachments, were studied with regard to the incidence and mechanisms of postoperative intraocular pressure changes. Preoperatively, five patients had glaucoma and 35 had hypotony (7 mm Hg or less). Immediately after surgery, 43 patients had glaucoma and 14 had hypotony, while seven had glaucoma and 39 had hypotony in the late postoperative period (average follow-up of 1 year). In most cases, the mechanism of intraocular pressure change did not appear to be directly related to the presence of silicone, but rather to the preoperative status of the eye and other aspects of the vitreoretinal surgery. When silicone was a factor, the resulting intraocular pressure appeared to represent a balance between mechanisms obstructing aqueous outflow (pupillary block and the reaction to silicone bubbles in the anterior chamber angle) and mechanisms reducing aqueous production (cyclitic membranes and retinal detachment). PMID- 3173978 TI - Intraocular pressure following ECCE and IOL implantation in patients with glaucoma. AB - Patients with glaucoma may suffer optic nerve head damage due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) after any intraocular procedure. We retrospectively reviewed the IOP data in 82 consecutive patients (103 eyes) with glaucoma after extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation. Nine eyes had previous trabeculectomy and three eyes required combined trabeculectomy with ECCE and PC-IOL. The average follow-up period is 1.5 years (range 0.5 to 6 years). The postoperative IOP rise of 8 mm Hg over baseline or above 23 mm Hg was observed in 45 eyes (49.5%). Two eyes needed argon laser trabeculoplasty and one required trabeculectomy to control postoperative IOP elevation. Most of the patients required the same or lesser number of medications for IOP control after surgery. Results suggest that ECCE with PC-IOL may be a relatively safe procedure in cataract patients with preexisting glaucoma. PMID- 3173979 TI - Identification of fibrin/fibrinogen in glaucoma filtration surgery wounds. AB - We have localized fibrin/fibrinogen in experimental glaucoma filtration surgery wounds in non-human primates by light and transmission electron microscopy. Fibrin/fibrinogen was abundant two days after surgery, but was virtually undetectable by seven days postoperatively. We have confirmed the identity of fibrin/fibrinogen on the ultrastructural level by immunoelectron microscopy employing antibodies directed against fibrinogen. Fibrin clot formation may play an important role in the wound healing response that causes glaucoma filtration surgery to fail. PMID- 3173980 TI - Two eyes or one? The data analyst's dilemma. AB - Ophthalmic data usually include measures of disease status, visual function, or ocular physiology for both eyes of each patient. Many ocular characteristics, while differing among individuals, are quite similar for the eyes of the same individual. In studies, eyes, not patients, are often treated as the primary unit of analysis. If an ocular measure is similar for both eyes of an individual, many standard statistical techniques may give misleading results if both eyes of each person are included in analyses. This article discusses the correlation between pairs of eyes for a variety of ocular measures and its impact on common statistical procedures. PMID- 3173981 TI - BSPOT: a blind spot data evaluation program for SAPRO examinations. AB - The BSPOT evaluation program has been created to run on an IBM-PC type computer. It accepts Octopus SAPRO data that have been transferred to the PC and enables the user to display aspects of the data for evaluation purposes. Some applications are illustrated using the results of two blind spot examination series, one normal and the other pathologic, and the results of an angioscotoma examination. Although the program was designed for the display of blind spot data, any SAPRO examination data may be used. PMID- 3173982 TI - Disadvantages of Nadbath facial nerve block. PMID- 3173983 TI - Tear function parameters in keratoconjunctivitis sicca with and without the association of Sjogren's syndrome. AB - In a group of patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) associated with Sjogren's syndrome (SJ) a significant decrease in tear fluid lactoferrin concentration and tear film break-up time was demonstrated in comparison with a matched group in which KCS was not associated with any systemic disease. The Schirmer values were also lower in the SJ of patients and these differences almost reached statistical significance. None of these parameters in itself appeared to be of any clinical value to differentiate between KCS that was or was not associated with SJ. The combination of the tear fluid lactoferrin concentration, the Schirmer I test values and the tear film break-up time, however, provide a basis for differential diagnosis that is clinically of some value. PMID- 3173984 TI - Corneal endothelial cell density after trabeculoplasty. AB - Central corneal endothelial photographs were taken with a specular microscope. The cell density was calculated with a computerized image analyzer. No difference between the treated and control eyes could be found. The laser energy level delivered in trabeculoplasty seems to be too small to induce any permanent changes in the endothelial cells. PMID- 3173985 TI - Leber's miliary aneurysms in a 63-year-old woman: concurrence of regression and active lesions. AB - We examined a 63-year-old woman with retinal telangiectasia, aneurysms, a ring of fatty exudate, and pigmented chorioretinal atrophic lesions in the right eye. Leber's miliary aneurysm was diagnosed, although this disorder is known to have a high incidence mainly in young boys. The pigmented chorioretinal scars appear to be sequelae of spontaneously regressing retinal lesions. PMID- 3173986 TI - Ultrastructural study of a retinoma by intraocular fine-needle aspiration biopsy. AB - The authors present the results of a transmission electron-microscopic study performed on a tissue sample obtained by an intraocular fine-needle aspiration biopsy in a case of retinoma. The ultrastructural study showed that the tumor was composed mainly of granular osmiophilic material which contained some tumor cells. These cells showed peculiar ultrastructural characteristics, which demonstrated their neural character, and appeared in different degenerative stages. Apparently, this is the first case in whom ultrastructural technique have been applied to study an intraocular tumor sample obtained by intraocular fine needle aspiration biopsy, and the first case of retinoma studied by such a diagnostic approach. PMID- 3173987 TI - A rare case of basosquamous carcinoma of the orbit invading the maxillary sinus. AB - A rare case of basosquamous carcinoma of the orbit invading the maxillary sinus is presented. The authors discuss clinical and pathological findings. Techniques for removal and reconstructive plastic surgery are reported. PMID- 3173988 TI - Nd:YAG laser shock waves in artificial eyes. AB - Nd:YAG laser surgery is performed by inducing optical breakdown in the interior of the eye. The optical breakdown is accompanied by shock waves which expand throughout the entire eye. In our experiments, we measured the amplitudes of shock waves at the walls of artificial eyes caused by single and multiple pulses of optical energy originating from an Nd:YAG laser at a wavelength of 1.064 micron. We have shown that the effects observed are not caused by mechanical resonance. We believe that similar results can be expected for human eyes. The peak pulse amplitudes in artificial eyes of different length were found to increase linearly as a function of the energy transferred into the eye. The peak amplitudes of pulse sequences were found to be only half of those for single pulses of comparable energy. In laser surgery, such sequences can be preferable if they achieve the same effect. PMID- 3173989 TI - A wolf in sheep's clothing. PMID- 3173990 TI - Ophthalmic evaluation of survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Eighty-two survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) had prospective eye evaluations to determine the ocular sequelae of the disease and its treatment. All patients had completed or nearly completed a 25- to 31-month protocol which included either 3.4 or 10.2 g of systemic prednisone/m2 per year and cranial irradiation (total 1800-2800 rad). The mean interval from the end of treatment to the eye examination was 32 months. Only one patient had reduced vision attributable to the ALL. Ocular morbidity attributed to the treatment only included posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSCs) which occurred in 52% of patients. Posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSCs) developed in none of the 15 survivors of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) examined who had received neither long-term systemic prednisone nor irradiation (P = 0.0006). Eyes with PSC had a median visual acuity of 20/20 (range, 20/15-20/50). The authors conclude that the ocular morbidity from antileukemia treatment programs at our institutions is minimal. PMID- 3173991 TI - Treatment of sensory retinal detachment associated with optic nerve pit or coloboma. AB - Six eyes with optic nerve pit and associated sensory retinal detachment of the macula were treated using a management plan that utilized a combination of techniques including laser photocoagulation, pars plana vitrectomy, and intraocular air/fluid exchange. In each treated eye the retina was eventually flattened. This paper discusses this plan of management and series of treatment modalities. PMID- 3173992 TI - Pneumatic repair of primary and secondary retinal detachments using a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope laser delivery system. AB - Using intravitreal gas injection of sulfur hexafluoride after retinopexy utilizing a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope argon laser delivery system, the authors treated 12 primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments and 10 detachments which recurred after previous scleral buckle surgery. Topical anesthesia only was used in most of the cases (18 of 22). Detachments in all quadrants of the fundus were repaired. Twenty cases remained successfully attached after a minimum follow up of 6 months. Two failures occurred early in eyes with primary retinal detachments and both were successfully repaired by conventional scleral buckling techniques. The authors found pneumatic retinal reattachment in conjunction with laser retinopexy to be particularly valuable in repairing secondary detachments, thereby avoiding conventional surgical reoperations. PMID- 3173993 TI - Long-term follow-up of neodymium: YAG laser angle surgery for open-angle glaucoma. AB - Seventy-nine eyes (61 patients) with open-angle glaucoma and uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) of 23 mmHg or more despite maximal tolerated medical therapy and prior argon laser trabeculoplasty (75 eyes) were treated with neodymium: YAG (Nd: YAG) laser angle surgery and followed for at least 1 year. Ten pulses of 10 mJ were applied to the midtrabecular meshwork over 40 degrees in the most visible portion of the angle. The IOP was controlled successfully (less than or equal to 22 mmHg) in 60 eyes (76%) 1 month after treatment and in 36 of 78 eyes (46%) 1 year after treatment. Long-term complications included two eyes with advanced glaucoma that lost central fixation despite good IOP control after treatment. PMID- 3173994 TI - Is biopsy necessary to diagnose amyloid in the vitreous? PMID- 3173995 TI - The cause of organic amblyopia in high myopia. PMID- 3173996 TI - The spectrum and burden of ocular injury. AB - The authors conducted a hospital-based study to ascertain basic, descriptive epidemiologic information about ocular trauma in an urban setting. Over a 6-month period, 3184 patients presenting to our emergency ward with ocular trauma were studied. Severe injuries totaled 5.1% (ruptured globe, intraocular foreign body, hyphema, orbital/facial fracture) and 94.9% were superficial injuries and contusions. A disproportionate burden of severe ocular injury was borne by those less than 15 years of age. The work place accounted for 48% of all injuries and 50% of ruptured globes. Automobile repair-related tasks were specifically associated with injury. Sports injuries, although accounting for 3.4% of all injuries, were responsible for 60% of hyphemas and 10% of ruptured globes. Annual direct and indirect costs for these ocular injuries are estimated conservatively at $5 million and a loss of 60 work years. A large burden of preventable eye trauma is borne by both patients and society. PMID- 3173997 TI - Reticular-like pigmentary patterns in pseudoxanthoma elasticum. AB - Of 14 consecutive patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), 9 (64%) had a spectrum of peculiar, sometimes reticular, pigmentary changes in the retina. Ten of 18 (56%) eyes had a random scattering of small, round pigment dots throughout the macula and around the optic nerve, sometimes extending to the equator. In four of 18 (22%) eyes, the pigment clumps appeared in lines, resembling a string of pearls. These strings occasionally radiated from the macula in a spoke-like fashion. In 4 of the 18 (22%) eyes, the pigment clumping occurred in a fishnet, or truly reticular, pattern. Of the 18 eyes in these 9 patients, 12 (67%) had subretinal neovascularization. Of the ten eyes in the five patients who did not show this pigmentary change, two (20%) had subretinal neovascularization. PMID- 3173998 TI - A prospective, randomized, clinical trial of heparin therapy for postoperative intraocular fibrin. AB - The authors undertook a study to investigate the ability of systemic or heparin supplementation of the vitrectomy infusion solution to prevent formation of postoperative intraocular fibrin membranes. A total of 73 eyes were randomized; 26 served as the control group, 23 received 10,000 IU of intravenous bolus of heparin, and 12 eyes each underwent the vitrectomy with an infusion solution containing 10 or 5 IU/cc of heparin. Intraoperative bleeding, postoperative bleeding, and postoperative fibrin formation were graded. A 10-IU/cc heparin infusion resulted in a statistically significant reduction in postoperative fibrin formation (P = 0.04) but increased intraoperative bleeding (P = 0.02). A trend toward reduced postoperative fibrin formation was noted in the intravenous heparin and 5 IU/cc infusion groups. PMID- 3173999 TI - Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva. AB - Metastasis from carcinoma of the conjunctiva is said to be rare. The authors have reviewed the clinical and histopathologic findings of squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva in ten patients from Saudi Arabia in whom distant metastasis developed. There were six men and four women who ranged in age from 45 to 75 years (mean, 61 years). The initial site of metastasis included the parotid gland, submandibular and submaxillary glands, preauricular, cervical lymph nodes, lungs, and bone. Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva appears to follow a more aggressive course in Saudi Arabia than elsewhere, which appears to be related to delay in management. PMID- 3174000 TI - Prospective evaluation of radial keratotomy. Photokeratoscope corneal topography. AB - Preoperative and postoperative corneascope photographs of 368 myopic patients undergoing radial keratotomy in the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) study were optically scanned and digitized. A high-resolution scanning system was developed in order to quantify the preoperative and postoperative corneal shape accurately. Careful analysis of the 72 data points in the nine representative rings demonstrated that corneal topography is best represented by radius of curvature from the center to the periphery. The normal myopic cornea flattens approximately +0.28 mm from the center to the periphery, demonstrating the cornea's aspheric nature. More highly myopic patients in the PERK population (-4.50 to -8.00 diopters [D]) demonstrated corneas that are 0.08 to 0.10 mm steeper than the less myopic population (-2.00 to -3.12 D). Optical zone, patient age, and gender are all correlated to changes in corneal topography after radial keratotomy. In more myopic populations, men have corneas which are flatter than those of women by 0.09 to 0.11 mm in all rings represented on corneoscopy. Highly myopic males also experience more corneal flattening after 3.0-mm optical zone radial keratotomy. Regardless of the optical zone used in radial keratotomy, the resulting corneal topography flattens in all rings. However, the ratio of millimeters of radius of curvature change to diopters of correction is consistent for each ring. The dioptric change observed after radial keratotomy corresponds closely with the millimeters of flattening at the respective rings being examined. The central rings flatten 0.166-mm radius of curvature per diopter of refractive alteration obtained. The largest degree of corneal flattening occurs centrally, 0.72 mm, in the more highly myopic patients who underwent 3-mm optical zone radial keratotomy. The use of smaller optical zones in radial keratotomy produces larger changes in the radius of curvature and, consequently, in the amount of refraction than when larger optical zones are used. When compared with younger patients, older patients with 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 optical zone radial keratotomies experience more central and peripheral corneal flattening. This study of the corneal topography of the myopic population demonstrates that the refractive change resulting from radial keratotomy is related to alterations in corneal topography. The use of similar modifications of the corneal surface may be effective for newer refractive surgical procedures. PMID- 3174001 TI - Decentration of flexible loop posterior chamber intraocular lenses in a series of 222 postmortem eyes. AB - Two hundred twenty-two postmortem eyes containing posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs) were analyzed for optic decentration in relationship to lens style, implant duration, and loop fixation site. Decentration values were not affected significantly by either lens style or implant duration. In 33.3% of specimens, both loops were situated within the lens capsular sac, 18.0% had both loops fixated in the ciliary sulcus, and in 48.7% one loop was fixated in the lens capsular sac and the opposite loop in the ciliary sulcus or zonular region. There was a statistically significant difference in the amount of decentration in the three fixation groups studied. Capsular fixation provides the best and most consistent centration compared with fixation of both loops in the ciliary sulcus or asymmetrical fixation with only one loop in the capsular sac. PMID- 3174002 TI - Intraobserver and interobserver agreement in measurement of optic disc characteristics. AB - Reliable measures of optic nerve status are important parameters for epidemiologic and clinical studies of glaucoma. Stereo fundus photography has been used to reduce interobserver variation, but little data have been reported quantifying the level of agreement in these situations. This article examines chance-corrected intraobserver and interobserver agreement for horizontal and vertical cup:disc ratios and width of the narrowest remaining neuroretinal rim on stereo, color, fundus photographs. Intraobserver agreement was substantial to almost perfect for both readers (kappas between 0.82 and 0.86 for horizontal and vertical cup:disc ratios and 0.71 for the neuroretinal rim). Interobserver agreement was also substantial (kappas of 0.71 for horizontal cup:disc ratio, 0.74 for vertical cup:disc ratio, and 0.58 for the neuroretinal rim). Both intraobserver and interobserver agreement were best for glaucoma patients followed by ocular hypertensives and controls. Dichotimizing cup:disc ratios into suspicious or not suspicious using a range of cutoff points (greater than or equal to 0.5, greater than or equal to 0.6, and greater than or equal to 0.7 disc diameters [DD]) had little effect on agreement levels. Estimation of the status of the optic nerve is complex, requiring judgment about the shape and structure of the cup. Agreement is optimized by using stereo photographs, using the same observer and, when evaluating progression, comparing photographs from different points in time at a single sitting. PMID- 3174003 TI - Chronic human glaucoma causing selectively greater loss of large optic nerve fibers. AB - Eighteen eyes of 12 persons with chronically elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) were studied histologically to determine the number and diameter of optic nerve fibers. In some eyes, automated perimetry had been performed. Optic nerve fibers larger than the mean diameter were killed more rapidly than smaller fibers, although no fiber size was completely spared at any stage of atrophy. The number of optic nerve fibers varies considerably among normal eyes. The authors confirmed that the death of a substantial proportion of optic nerve fibers precedes detectable visual field loss. PMID- 3174004 TI - Internal sclerostomy with the Nd: YAG contact laser versus thermal sclerostomy in rabbits. AB - The authors undertook an investigation to evaluate the efficacy and complications of performing internal sclerostomy with the synthetic sapphire contact neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser compared with standard external thermal sclerostomy. Fifteen rabbits underwent internal laser sclerostomy in one eye; 12 additional rabbits underwent a standard external thermal sclerostomy in one eye. The fellow eyes served as controls. The differences between the groups in duration of functional blebs and pressure reduction were statistically significant (P = 0.034 and 0.0013, respectively). The evaluation of success (as determined by a pressure reduction greater than 3 mmHg between both eyes after digital pressure) using life-survival analysis indicated that the success rate of the laser-treated group was significantly different from the standard surgical group (P = 0.002). Histologically, there was less inflammation in the laser-treated group 2 days postoperatively. The complications of the laser treatment include focal injury to the overlying cornea, adjacent iris stroma, and lens. PMID- 3174005 TI - Surgical approaches to diseases of the orbital apex. AB - The authors report their experience with transcranial approaches to the orbit in situations where adequate exposure would not have been obtained with the usual orbital techniques. In addition to the standard frontal craniotomy, a supraorbital transcranial approach is described that involves removal of the superior rim and roof of the orbit, allowing exposure of all but the floor of the orbit. The main indication for this technique is a mass deep in the orbital apex that would be difficult or impossible to expose with a conventional orbitotomy. Seven representative cases are presented that illustrate conditions falling in that category. PMID- 3174006 TI - The Wilmer Information System. A classification and retrieval system for information on diagnosis and therapy in ophthalmology. AB - The Wilmer Information System is a computerized medical information system used for the storage and retrieval of data pertaining to patient demographics, diagnosis, and therapy. The heart of the system is an expandable, hierarchical code based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) diagnosis codes and Physicians' Current Procedural Terminology procedure codes. Customized coding sheets containing highly specific diagnosis and procedure codes have been designed for each subspecialty area in ophthalmology. Interactive database management software facilitates data entry and retrieval. The system can be used to search for patients who meet very specific criteria, or to produce cumulative visit reports and summary statistics. PMID- 3174007 TI - Retinal detachments after Nd:YAG capsulotomy. PMID- 3174008 TI - Choroidal detachments induced by a systemic beta-blocker. PMID- 3174009 TI - The medical-industrial complex and the excimer laser. PMID- 3174010 TI - Oral acyclovir in the management of herpes simplex ocular infections. AB - Acyclovir, an oral antiviral agent that inhibits viral DNA replication, was used to treat 27 patients (16 males, 11 females) (mean age, 50 years) with vision threatening herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. Twenty patients had active stromal keratitis or keratouveitis, four had controlled nonnecrotizing stromal keratitis but could not taper topical medications, and four eczema patients with previous HSV infections had intraocular surgery (1 of these patients also is included in the 20 with active stromal keratitis). All 20 patients with active stromal keratitis or keratouveitis improved on acyclovir, all four patients using acyclovir postoperatively were disease-free while on the drug, but only two of the four patients using acyclovir to assist tapering topical medications were successful. There has been only one recurrence during a cumulative 194 months while on acyclovir. Thirteen patients have remained on acyclovir, and three who stopped acyclovir had prompt recurrences. Acyclovir seems to be a promising adjunct antiviral agent for the treatment of recalcitrant epithelial, stromal, or uveal disease secondary to HSV. PMID- 3174011 TI - Plasmapheresis treatment in patients with severe atopic keratoconjunctivitis. AB - A 19-year-old woman with hyperimmunoglobulinemia E (the hyper-IgE syndrome [HIE]) and a 62-year-old man with atopic dermatitis experienced dramatic improvement in their chronic ocular symptoms and signs of atopic keratoconjunctivitis after plasmapheresis was instituted. Both patients had previously received topical and oral corticosteroids as well as topical cromolyn sodium without significant beneficial effect. The authors recommend a trial of plasmapheresis in selected patients with recalcitrant and debilitating atopic keratoconjunctivitis when standard therapy proves unsuccessful. PMID- 3174012 TI - Anterior segment ischemia after three rectus muscle surgery. AB - Nine patients underwent simultaneous or staged detachment of the vertical and medial rectus muscles in the treatment of sixth nerve palsy or Duane's retraction syndrome. In five adult patients (34, 35, 41, 45, and 65 years of age), clinically significant anterior segment ischemia developed postoperatively. Known medical risk factors were present in only one case. With the exception of corectopia, there were no apparent sequelae and all involved eyes returned to preoperative visual acuity within 9 weeks of surgery. Anterior segment ischemia may be a frequent complication of strabismus surgery in adult patients when the superior, inferior, and medial rectus muscles are detached from the globe. PMID- 3174013 TI - Genetic linkage analysis of autosomal dominant congenital cataracts with lens specific DNA probes and polymorphic phenotypic markers. AB - The authors studied a four-generation family with autosomal dominant congenital cataracts (ADCCs) using linkage analysis with 23 polymorphic phenotypic markers and DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected by lens specific DNA probes. A total of 19 family members were studied and the ten affected members had embryonal lens opacities. Close linkage was rejected with DNA probes encoding beta-crystallin, gamma-crystallin, and the major intrinsic protein of the lens fiber membrane (MIP) excluding defects of these genes as the cause of the cataract in this family. No statistically significant lod scores were produced with the polymorphic phenotypic markers. These results support the genetic heterogeneity of ADCCs. PMID- 3174015 TI - Clarification of HCFA goals. PMID- 3174014 TI - Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Ophthalmic findings. AB - Prospective ophthalmic evaluation was performed in 20 individuals with Hermansky Pudlak syndrome, a type of oculocutaneous albinism with an associated deficiency of dense bodies in platelets. The extent of visual impairment and the possible relationship to the degree of hypopigmentation were studied. All patients showed nystagmus, visual acuity ranged from 20/60 to 20/400, and correction of refractive error provided a mild improvement in vision. Iris pigmentation varied in amount and did not correlate with the visual acuity measurement. Foveal hypoplasia was found in all patients, but variability in macular transparency and vascular architecture was noted. Visual-evoked potentials performed in 11 patients demonstrated excessive decussation of optic fibers. Recognition of this form of oculocutaneous albinism is important because of the associated pulmonary, gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiac manifestations of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. PMID- 3174016 TI - Association of a persistent hyaloid artery and ROP. PMID- 3174017 TI - Avoiding complications from local anesthesia. PMID- 3174018 TI - Laser treatment of macular holes. AB - Macular holes have not been treated with the laser because of the rarity of subsequent total retinal detachment (RD). The authors attempted to clear the subretinal fluid of the halo by laser coagulation of the rim of the hole. Eighteen eyes with visual acuity of 20/200 or less were treated with a laser and followed for a mean of 34.8 months. Ten eyes (55.6%) improved three to eight lines, five eyes (27.8%) remained the same, and the vision of three (16.6%) deteriorated three to five lines. The best visual results noted in three eyes (20/400-20/70, 20/200-20/80, and 20/200-20/60) correlated with the least late loss of pigment epithelium and pigment migration. PMID- 3174019 TI - Perisilicone proliferation after vitrectomy for proliferative vitreoretinopathy. AB - From 1983 to 1986, silicone oil injections were used to treat 31 patients with retinal detachment (RD) and advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). In 19 eyes (61%), perisilicone proliferation (PSP) developed causing recurrent RDs in 15 eyes (49%). At an average of 5 weeks after surgery, PSP occurred and was characterized by extensive transparent preretinal membranes with denser focal areas. Microscopic examination of five preretinal membranes showed droplets of silicone oil and necrotic cells on the silicone side and glial or retinal pigment epithelial cells, or both, on the retinal side, often in layers separated by extracellular matrix. Silicone oil was present in periretinal membranes removed several months after the intraocular silicone had been evacuated indicating that silicone within cells may persist despite the removal of silicone. The use of silicone oil to provide tamponade in eyes with recurrent PVR is associated with a high incidence of periretinal proliferation that frequently leads to recurrent RD and visual failure. PMID- 3174020 TI - Expanded indications for pneumatic retinopexy. AB - The Collaborative Pneumatic Retinopexy Study evaluated retinal detachments (RDs) secondary to one break or group of breaks no larger than 1 clock hour located within the superior 8 clock hours of the fundus. Eyes with prominent proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) were excluded. Forty eyes which exceed these criteria and were treated with pneumatic retinopexy have been retrospectively evaluated to determine what preoperative conditions limit the application of pneumatic retinopexy. Multiple breaks in multiple quadrants, large tears up to 2.5 clock hours in size, and RDs associated with a moderate degree of PVR were successfully managed with pneumatic retinopexy. The greatest number of failures were due to inferior breaks. The overall success rate for pneumatic retinopexy was 75%. New breaks occurred in 12.5% of eyes, but all of these were successfully managed. PMID- 3174021 TI - Results and complications of pneumatic retinopexy. AB - Fifty-one patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) were treated by pneumatic retinopexy. The overall success rate for reattachment with one operation was 63%. Of the 34 phakic eyes, 25 (74%) were reattached; of the 17 aphakic or pseudophakic eyes, seven (41%) were reattached (P less than 0.05). Postoperative complications included the development of new tears (22%), inadequate closure of the original tear, shifting and delayed absorption of subretinal fluid, and opening of previously closed tears. Pneumatic retinopexy is a valuable new technique; however, careful patient selection and postoperative management is required. PMID- 3174022 TI - Prediction of the kinetics of disappearance of sulfur hexafluoride and perfluoropropane intraocular gas bubbles. AB - Intravitreal gases are useful in treating complicated retinal detachments by providing internal tamponade of retinal breaks. The geometry of the intraocular gas bubble and the kinetics of intraocular gas absorption determine the geometry and duration of internal tamponade of the retinal break. The authors derived a mathematical relationship based on a geometric model of the rabbit eye which allows calculation of the volume of an intraocular gas bubble from its observed meniscus height. When compared with actual measured bubble volumes, this technique was found to provide an accurate, noninvasive method for determining true intraocular gas volumes. Using this model, the absorption of nonexpansile concentrations of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and perfluoropropane (C3F8) were found to obey first-order kinetics. Both gases were found to have an intraocular half-life two to three times shorter in aphakic rabbit eyes after total vitrectomy than in phakic rabbit eyes with intact vitreous. PMID- 3174023 TI - Extraction of retinol and cholesterol by intraocular silicone oils. AB - According to their solubility parameters, retinol and its derivatives, as well as cholesterol and other lipophilic substances, are predicted to dissolve in intraocular silicone and fluorosilicone oils. Calf retinas were extracted in vitro with these oils and the oils then analyzed spectrophotometrically. The following levels were found after extraction for 4 and 48 hours, respectively: for retinol, silicone oil, 0.5 and 3.7 micrograms/ml, and fluorosilicone oil, 0.5 and 3.3 micrograms/ml; for cholesterol, silicone oil, 0.5 and 6.4 micrograms/ml, and fluorosilicone oil, 0.8 and 3.7 micrograms/ml. In in vivo experiments, intraocular oils were removed from rabbit eyes at 4 days to 10 weeks after injection. The retinol levels were 1.7 to 11.4 micrograms/ml in silicone oil and 2.4 to 7.3 micrograms/ml in fluorosilicone oil; the cholesterol levels were 2.7 to 12.6 micrograms/ml in silicone oil and 7.5 to 15.6 micrograms/ml in fluorosilicone oil. Fluorosilicone and silicone oils (1000 cs) removed from human eyes at 7.3 and 102.0 weeks postoperatively had a retinol content of 5.4 and 2.9 micrograms/ml, respectively. Silicone oil of 1000 cs removed from a patient 51 weeks postoperatively and silicone oil of 12,500 cs removed 96 weeks postoperatively gave reaction characteristics for cholesterol, 230 and 99 micrograms/ml, respectively. PMID- 3174024 TI - Cerebroretinal vasculopathy. A new hereditary syndrome. AB - A new hereditary syndrome characterized by a frontoparietal lobe pseudotumor and retinal capillary abnormalities is described. A pedigree is presented in which characteristic ophthalmic findings have been found in ten family members and are suspected in eight additional family members spanning a total of four generations. Typical retinal findings include perifoveal capillary obliteration, peripheral focal capillary occlusion, and microvascular abnormalities, particularly involving the posterior pole. Eight patients spanning three generations had a central nervous system pseudotumor with identical histopathology. Histopathologic analysis of brain tissue shows a characteristic pattern of an unusual vasculopathy without vasculitis characterized by fibrinoid necrosis and resulting in necrosis of white matter with sparing of cortical brain tissue. The pedigree shows an apparent autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with delayed expression of abnormalities. Of note, two patients unrelated to the pedigree having similar neuropathologic and retinal findings also have been seen at the authors' institution. PMID- 3174025 TI - Ocular complications associated with retrobulbar injections. AB - The authors describe six complications, of retrobulbar injections documented by fundus photography and fluorescein angiography. These include (1) injection of corticosteroid into the posterior ciliary arterial circulation resulting in emboli in the vasculature of the choroid and the optic nerve head; (2) injection of corticosteroid into the ophthalmic artery resulting in emboli in both the choroidal and retinal circulations; (3) presumed injection of lidocaine and air into the optic nerve sheath adjacent to the globe with extension anteriorly into the subretinal space and the space between the posterior vitreous and the internal limiting membrane; (4) occlusion of the central retinal artery without an associated retrobulbar hemorrhage; (5) trauma to and partial injection of lidocaine in the central retinal artery with embolization into the retinal circulation; and (6) presumed injection of lidocaine into the optic nerve sheath producing a combined central retinal vein and artery occlusion. Alternative techniques that might decrease the incidence of complications associated with retrobulbar injections are discussed. PMID- 3174026 TI - Preliminary results on phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance evaluation of human uveal melanoma in enucleated eyes. AB - Clinical evaluation of uveal melanomas by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques depends on ascertaining how these tumors characteristically appear in NMR images and spectra. The authors have determined NMR characteristics of suspected uveal melanomas by phosphorus-31 (31P) NMR spectroscopy of freshly enucleated human eyes. Nuclear magnetic resonance examination was performed at 8.45 Tesla within 90 minutes after enucleation. Enucleated eyes were maintained at 4 degrees C in tissue culture medium during the 30 minutes required for transport. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were obtained within 10 minutes, a clinically acceptable time, using a two-turn 31P surface coil. Spectral parameters included 10-kHz spectral width, 1024 data points, and 0.5-second recycle delay. Phosphorus-31 NMR spectroscopy allowed differentiation of choroidal melanomas from normal ocular structures. Differentiating features include significant peaks in tumor spectra due to the phosphodiesters glycerol 3 phosphoryl ethanolamine (GPE) and glycerol 3-phosphorylcholine (GPC), and the phosphomonoesters phosphorylethanolamine (PE) and phosphorylcholine (PC). These preliminary data are encouraging and suggest that clinical trials at the lower magnetic field strengths available in NMR imaging systems seem feasible and warrant investigation. PMID- 3174028 TI - Traumatic hyphema therapy. PMID- 3174027 TI - Rod and cone dysfunction in carriers of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. AB - Carriers of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa were studied using electroretinographic and psychophysical procedures. Under both dark- and light-adapted (cone-isolated) conditions, electroretinogram (ERG) a-waves of carriers were reduced in amplitude but normal in implicit time, whereas b-waves were reduced in amplitude and delayed in implicit time. Reductions in b-wave amplitudes of the carriers as a group were equivalent for the rod and cone systems. Luminance-response functions for both dark-adapted and cone-isolated b-waves were fit by the Naka-Rushton equation and demonstrated a selective reduction of Rmax; the semi-saturation constant (K) and the slope parameter (n) were normal. Electroretinograms recorded using the brightest stimulus flashes were most effective at distinguishing carriers from normals. Absolute thresholds of the carriers were elevated significantly across the central 40 degrees of the visual field. As a group, the threshold elevations of the carriers were approximately equal for the rod and cone systems. PMID- 3174029 TI - Monitoring after retrobulbar injection. PMID- 3174030 TI - Enucleation versus plaque irradiation for choroidal melanoma. AB - The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) is an international, multicenter controlled study. The organization includes an Executive Committee, Steering Committee, 6 Central Units, 32 Clinical Centers, and a Data and Safety Monitoring Committee. Scientifically, the COMS consists of (1) a randomized trial of patients with medium choroidal melanoma treated with enucleation versus iodine 125 plaque irradiation, (2) a randomized trial of patients with large choroidal melanoma treated with enucleation versus preenucleation external beam irradiation and enucleation, and (3) a prospective observational study of patients with small choroidal melanoma to determine whether a randomized trial of treatment is appropriate. In design and conduct of the COMS, special consideration is given to biostatistics and sample size considerations, iodine-125 plaque irradiation of choroidal melanoma, and coordinated ocular melanoma research. Recruitment is in progress. However, the pool of eligible patients is limited and the COMS needs the continued support and cooperation of ophthalmologists throughout the United States and Canada. PMID- 3174031 TI - Perimetric findings in functional disorders. PMID- 3174032 TI - Megadose corticosteroids for optic neuritis. PMID- 3174033 TI - Central serous chorioretinopathy--the etiology of sequelae. PMID- 3174034 TI - Anatomic success and vitreoretinal surgery. PMID- 3174035 TI - Vitrectomy and scleral buckling methods for proliferative vitreoretinopathy. AB - The authors operated on 95 eyes with retinal detachment (RD) complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) using vitrectomy combined with scleral buckling. The retina was successfully reattached in 10 (91%) of 11 eyes with mild PVR (B, C1), 14 (93%) of 15 eyes with moderate PVR (C2-C3), and 52 (75%) of 69 eyes with severe PVR (D1-D3). Thirteen (88%) of 15 eyes in which silicone oil was injected were successfully reattached. Eighty-eight percent of the 76 successfully reattached cases had a postoperative visual acuity of 5/200 or better; the median postoperative visual acuity was 20/200. Severe PVR was the cause of failure in 17 (89%) of 19 eyes in which the retina was not reattached. PMID- 3174036 TI - Complications associated with the use of silicone oil in 150 eyes after retina vitreous surgery. AB - Complicated retinal detachments (RDs) were successfully managed in 150 eyes of 170 consecutive patients by one surgeon (JLF) using silicone oil in conjunction with modern pars plana vitrectomy. Long-term postoperative complications were observed between 6 months and 5 years of follow-up. Cataracts developed in all phakic eyes and all corneas with oil-endothelial touch showed band keratopathy within 6 months. Recurrent detachments were noted in 22% of eyes during silicone oil tamponade and occurred in 13% of eyes after the oil had been removed. Other complications associated with the use of oil for vitreous surgery included pupillary block glaucoma (3%), closure of the inferior iridectomy (14%), fibrous epiretinal and subretinal proliferations (15%), pain (5%), and subconjunctival deposits of oil (3%). Without exception, within a period of 1 year the intraocular silicone oil showed some degree of emulsification, suggesting that the physicochemical characteristics of the oil injected may be an important variable in long-term complications. PMID- 3174037 TI - Comparison of pneumatic retinopexy with alternative surgical techniques. AB - To determine the efficacy of pneumatic retinopexy, the authors conducted a retrospective study of 56 cases of uncomplicated retinal detachments (RDs) treated with this technique (follow-up, 6-18 months). These were compared with 28 similar cases treated with a Lincoff balloon and 78 similar cases treated with a scleral buckle. The long-term success rates for these three groups were 71, 64, and 96%, with the incidence of new breaks being 20, 18, and 1.3% respectively. In aphakic or pseudophakic patients with an absent or ruptured posterior capsule, the success rate for pneumatic retinopexy was only 43%. In phakic and aphakic patients with an intact posterior capsule, the success rate for pneumatic retinopexy improved to 81%. These data suggest that this technique is less effective in aphakic or pseudophakic patients with an absent or ruptured posterior capsule and that careful follow-up to detect new breaks is necessary in all cases. A prospective randomized study is needed to verify these data. PMID- 3174038 TI - Evolving techniques in the treatment of macular detachment caused by optic nerve pits. AB - Fourteen patients with macular detachments caused by optic nerve pits were treated for progressive visual loss, cystoid macular changes, or atrophy of the macular retinal pigment epithelium. Photocoagulation of the temporal disc border alone was unsuccessful in two cases but promptly reattached the macula of two patients immobilized after laser surgery. Vitrectomy and gas tamponade improved vision and flattened the macula of three patients over various periods. The detachment recurred in one patient. Prompt and sustained macular reattachment with improved vision was noted after photocoagulation, vitrectomy, and gas tamponade in eight patients, although four required second operations. The prompt reattachment and visual recovery noted in these eight patients surpasses the reported 25% rate of spontaneous resolution. PMID- 3174039 TI - Epiretinal membrane release and posterior vitreous detachment. AB - The spontaneous release of epiretinal membranes is a rare clinical phenomenon, the mechanism of which is poorly understood. The authors present three patients with epiretinal macular membranes associated with peripheral retinal lesions, in whom spontaneous release of the membrane occurred in conjunction with detachment of the posterior vitreous. In each patient, the membrane remained attached to the posterior vitreous face, and in each eye there was a decrease in retinal striae and an improvement in vision. The authors postulate that posterior vitreous separation was the mechanism by which these membranes detached from the macula. PMID- 3174040 TI - Ocular dangers in the garden. A new menace--nylon line lawn trimmers. AB - Nylon line lawn trimmers represent a source of potentially devastating ocular trauma. Five cases of ocular trauma associated with the use of line trimmers are reported. These case reports document new mechanisms and circumstances of injury, including trauma from debris other than nylon line fragments and injury to bystanders. Furthermore, injuries are often serious, with two of these patients requiring an evisceration or enucleation after endophthalmitis developed. In one patient, six different organisms were cultured and another patient exhibited an Aspergillus organism and Propionibacterium acnes. As nylon trimmers gain in popularity, they will become an increasingly frequent source of ocular injury. A retrospective 40-month review of 85 cases (87 eyes) of penetrating and perforating ocular trauma shows line trimmers to be the fifth leading cause of such injury. PMID- 3174041 TI - Idiopathic macular holes. Observations, stages of formation, and implications for surgical intervention. AB - The authors have reviewed 158 eyes with evolving or completed idiopathic macular holes. Observations of these patients suggest that prefoveal vitreous cortex contraction is probably the cause of idiopathic macular holes. The earliest sign of an impending macular hole (stage 1) appears to be the development of a yellow spot or halo associated with loss of the normal anatomic foveal depression. No vitreous separation is present. This may resolve or progress to a small, early macular hole (stage 2). This hole gradually enlarged to a diameter of approximately 485 micron. The vitreous usually remained attached or a vitreofoveal separation developed (stage 3). Some eyes had complete posterior vitreous separation (stage 4). The implications for surgical intervention are discussed. A prospective study should be undertaken to confirm these findings and to investigate the feasibility of vitrectomy intervention to peel the prefoveal vitreous cortex in eyes with a stage 1 lesion. PMID- 3174042 TI - Breakdown of Bruch's membrane after subretinal injection of vitreous. Role of cellular processes. AB - It was recently shown that the injection of autologous vitreous beneath the retina of rabbits leads to retinal degeneration, subretinal cellular proliferation and neovascularization. The current study, using electron microscopy, was designed to determine the cellular processes involved in the breakdown of Bruch's membrane in this model. Bruch's membrane was not mechanically damaged by the injection and appeared intact for the first 1 to 2 days after injection. Subsequently, numerous breaks in Bruch's membrane were found associated with invasion of macrophages and fibroblasts; in addition, budding and penetration of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and choroidal endothelial cells into Bruch's membrane were noted. Although it was not proven that these cells, per se, were responsible for the breaks, that these cells actively penetrate Bruch's membrane is a reasonable hypothesis. PMID- 3174043 TI - Niacin maculopathy. AB - Three patients with niacin-induced visual symptoms had cystoid maculopathy without leakage on fluorescein angiography, and a fourth patient with no fundus abnormality experienced cessation of visual symptoms upon discontinuation of niacin. All four patients had been taking high doses of niacin (3.0-4.5 g daily) before the onset of symptoms. An additional 15 asymptomatic patients who were receiving high doses of oral niacin (1.0-6.0 g daily) for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia were evaluated for evidence of subclinical macular disease. None of these patients had cystic or other significant macular changes. Niacin causes a reversible toxic cystoid maculopathy that occurs in approximately 0.67% of patients taking high doses of the drug. The authors conclude that among patients taking high doses of oral niacin only those who experience visual symptoms need to be ophthalmologically evaluated. PMID- 3174044 TI - Acute retinal necrosis syndrome presenting with papillitis and arcuate neuroretinitis. AB - Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) syndrome is a diffuse uveitis characterized by a peripheral necrotizing retinitis and retinal vasculitis. The authors document and discuss a case of ARN syndrome that initially presented with remarkable changes in the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer that they have termed arcuate neuroretinitis. These changes consisted of a well-defined arcuate band of retinitis paralleling the course of a parafoveal nerve fiber bundle. Evaluation of serial serum antibody titers suggests HSV-2 as a possible causative agent in this unique presentation of ARN syndrome. PMID- 3174045 TI - Outer retinal toxoplasmosis. AB - Toxoplasma gondii is a neurotrophic organism that affects the neurosensory retina in humans. Typical ocular toxoplasmosis involves the inner retina and is associated with marked vitreous reaction. A subset of this clinical spectrum is characterized by gray-white macular lesions at the level of the outer retina. This outer retinal lesion is associated with little or no vitreous reaction. The authors report five additional cases of outer retinal toxoplasmosis. Recognition of this variation is important; prompt treatment, before serologic confirmation, resulted in marked visual improvement in all cases. PMID- 3174046 TI - Externally triggered release of dye and drugs from liposomes into the eye. An in vitro and in vivo study. AB - Temperature-sensitive liposomes were made with carboxyfluorescein (CF) (100 mM) entrapped in the aqueous compartment. This liposome dye system was used in vitro to evaluate the feasibility of using microwaves as a triggering mechanism for the release of drugs in the anterior chamber of the eye. The in vitro study demonstrated that CF can be released from liposomes in response to a localized temperature rise induced by microwave irradiation. In an in vivo study in rabbits, CF and the antineoplastic agent, cytosine arabinoside, were administered intravenously and selectively released by increasing the temperature of the ciliary body with microwaves. In the eyes receiving liposome-encapsulated dye, the average concentration of CF in the anterior chamber of the heated eyes was 8.0 times higher than in the contralateral unheated control eyes. In the eyes receiving liposome-encapsulated drug, the average concentration of cytosine arabinoside in the aqueous of the heated eyes was 4.1 times higher than the concentration in the contralateral unheated control eyes. The importance of this finding lies in the potential for a new method of targeting the delivery of dyes and drugs to specific sites in the eye. PMID- 3174047 TI - Disk-repositioning onlays in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disk displacement: comparison with a flat occlusal splint and with no treatment. AB - Sixty-three patients with an arthrographic diagnosis of disk displacement with reduction were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: (I) onlays to maintain disk repositioning, (II) flat occlusal splint, or (III) untreated controls. Guidance for construction of the disk-repositioning onlays was established during arthrography to obtain a recaptured disk position relative to the condyle. The onlays were cemented to the teeth and maintained the new intercuspal position anteriorly and inferiorly. The flat occlusal splint was used at night only and was adjusted to maintain a maximal occlusal contact in centric relation and centric occlusion. Clinical examinations were performed before and after 6 months of treatment. The disk-repositioning onlays improved joint function and reduced joint and muscle pain when compared with the flat occlusal splint and with nontreatment. The signs and symptoms in the flat occlusal splint group were no different from those in the control group. It is concluded that disk-repositioning onlays are effective in reducing pain and dysfunction associated with disk displacement with reduction in patients in whom the disk can be maintained in a normal relationship to the condyle with the aid of such onlays. The symptoms, however, returned when the onlays were removed after 6 months; this raises the question of whether a permanent change in the intercuspal position is necessary for long-term success. PMID- 3174048 TI - Treatment of chronic drooling: a preliminary report. AB - Chronic drooling can be both psychologically and physically damaging. The technique of sialodochoplasty with sublingual gland resection is a viable treatment modality for this problem. The results of a series of eight patients who underwent the procedure are reported. A short-term success rate of 75% was achieved without morbidity. PMID- 3174049 TI - An evaluation of 9-aminoacridine/Gelfoam to reduce dry socket formation. AB - This clinical study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of locally applied 9-aminoacridine in Gelfoam in reducing the incidence of dry socket formation after third molar extractions. Results indicated that this technique was not effective. The incidence of dry socket formation in smokers and nonsmokers was compared. Also, the influence of surgical trauma on dry socket formation was examined. PMID- 3174050 TI - Madelung's disease (benign symmetric lipomatosis). AB - Madelung's disease, benign symmetric lipomatosis, is a rare disease of undetermined cause characterized by symmetric deposits of diffuse adipose tissue on the cheeks, the neck, and the upper trunk. This article outlines our experience with four patients and presents a case report of a specifically remarkable affectation that agrees with previous data linking male alcoholics with this disease. The treatment in all cases was palliative surgical removal of excess fat from the neck and paracervical regions. PMID- 3174051 TI - Dental extractions and radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. PMID- 3174052 TI - Intraoral findings in patients with psoriasis with a special reference to ectopic geographic tongue (erythema circinata). AB - One hundred patients with a severe relapse of cutaneous psoriasis underwent a full intraoral examination. Nineteen patients had "ectopic geographic tongue" of the palate or buccal mucosa, and there appeared to be an increased incidence of periodontal disease. All other findings were within the normal range. HLA antigen studies of eight patients were carried out and showed an increased incidence of DR7. PMID- 3174053 TI - Acute gingival necrosis caused by drug-induced agranulocytosis. AB - A case of acute gingival necrosis, which was caused by drug-induced agranulocytosis, is reported. The patient had classic signs and symptoms, and the treatment of oral lesions was symptomatic. Regeneration of the gingival mucosa was almost complete 20 days after the onset of the disease. PMID- 3174054 TI - A clinical and histomorphologic comparison of the central giant cell granuloma and the giant cell tumor. AB - The clinical, histologic, and histomorphometric features of 42 giant cell tumors (GCT) of long bones and 49 central giant cell granulomas (CGCG) of the jaws were compared. These findings were also correlated with the clinical behavior of 25 cases of CGCG for which follow-up information was available. There was a female predilection for both lesions. The mean ages of patients with CGCG and GCT were 21 and 25 years, respectively. In contrast to CGCG, GCT rarely occurred in persons below the age of 10 years. The only statistically significant quantitative difference between the lesions at the histologic level was the greater number of nuclei in the giant cells of the GCT. There were four significant histologic differences between the two lesions, but 26% of the GCTs were histologically similar to most of the CGCGs and 10% of the CGCGs were histologically similar to most of the GCTs. Five of the 25 patients with CGCG for whom follow-up information was available had recurrences. The average age of those five patients was 11 years, compared to 29 years for those patients without recurrence. All five patients with recurrence were under 17 years of age, and they constituted 45% of the patients in this age group with follow-up. There were no quantitative or histologic differences between the recurrent and nonrecurrent CGCGs that were useful in predicting the likelihood of recurrence. Our findings suggest that the GCT and the CGCG represent a spectrum of a single disease process modified by the age of the patient and the site of occurrence. PMID- 3174055 TI - Features of central giant cell granuloma of the jaws xenografted in nude mice. AB - In order that the growth pattern and histologic and ultrastructural differentiation of the central giant cell granuloma of the jaws be studied, tissue from three lesions was transplanted into nude mice. Xenografts were harvested at 3 weeks, 5 weeks, 8 weeks, and 13 weeks and examined histologically and ultrastructurally. Implants could be identified as firm subcutaneous nodules, but after 3 weeks began regressing. At 13 weeks, almost total regression had occurred. Histologically, grafts were well vascularized and there was no evidence of necrosis. Typical multinucleated giant cells disappeared at an early stage. The ultrastructural features of the grafts showed giant cells lying in close association with uninuclear cells, features suggestive of a fusion process. Many cells containing microfilaments at their periphery were identified in the original lesional tissue as well as in the xenografts. These cells strongly resembled myofibroblasts. Collagen bundles were seen within the cytoplasm of stromal cells. The observations suggest that the multinucleated giant cells represent a stimulus-dependent, differentiated end-stage cell population. PMID- 3174056 TI - Heterotopic brain tissue in the oral cavity. AB - A most rare phenomenon of heterotopic brain in the soft palate, containing elements of choroid plexus, is presented. The principal theories regarding the pathogenesis of this malformation are presented and discussed. Its most frequent sites, the treatment to be followed, and the nomenclature to be employed in this type of lesion are also analyzed. PMID- 3174057 TI - Nevus unius lateris and intraoral verrucous nevi. AB - A case of nevus unius lateris and two cases with similar intraoral lesions but no evidence of cutaneous involvement are described. The terminology of papillary intraoral epithelial nevi is discussed, and it is suggested that lesions of this type, confined solely to the mouth, should be called verrucous nevi. PMID- 3174058 TI - Periradicular lymphoma: differentiation from inflammation. AB - Although endodontists concern themselves primarily with inflammatory disease, constant vigilance should be maintained so that the diagnosis of periradicular malignant disease is not delayed. This article reviews oral lymphoma and presents two cases that illustrate the difficulty that can be encountered in establishing a timely and accurate diagnosis. Suggestions for maximizing the chances of early differentiation of inflammatory from malignant disease are presented. The role of the biopsy and its limitations are offered. PMID- 3174059 TI - Undiagnosed benign cementoblastoma in a patient with a 6-year pain condition. Report of a case. AB - Symptoms in the lower first molar developed in a 15-year-old girl. The problems started with tenderness during occlusion. The first radiographic examination revealed a radiopacity at the distal root, which was considered in the radiographic report to be a cementoma. Therapy commenced with occlusal adjustment, but this was followed 20 months later by endodontic therapy, which was undertaken because of the suspicion of partial pulpal necrosis with condensing osteitis. A painful condition developed and led first to apicoectomy and then to extraction 2 1/2 years after the start of the endodontic therapy. Light microscopic examination of adjacent hard tissue revealed signs of chronic inflammation on both occasions, and a diagnosis of diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis was made. The pain was not relieved but remained at a tolerable level for 18 months. Then a reexamination of the first radiographs led to a strong suspicion of a benign cementoblastoma. A thorough third operation revealed a small piece of hard tissue in a lacuna of the lingual part of the mandible covered buccally by granulation tissue and inflammatory affected bone. The final histopathologic diagnosis was benign cementoblastoma combined with chronic inflammation. PMID- 3174060 TI - Radiobiologic risk estimation from dental radiology. Part II. Cancer incidence and fatality. AB - With the use of the measured absorbed doses from part I of this article, the specific radiobiologic risk to the patient from (1) five different panoramic machines with rare-earth screens, (2) a 20-film complete-mouth survey with E speed film, long round cone, (3) a 20-film complete-mouth survey with E-speed film, long rectangular cone, (4) a 4-film interproximal survey with E-speed film, long round cone, and (5) a 4-film interproximal survey with E-speed film, long rectangular cone, was calculated. The estimated risks are expressed in two ways: the probability of radiation-induced cancer in specific organs per million examinations and the probability of expression of a fatal cancer per million examinations. The highest risks calculated were from the complete-mouth survey with the use of round collimation. The lowest risks calculated were from panoramic radiography and four interproximal radiographs with rectangular collimation. PMID- 3174061 TI - Gum-simulating tumor. PMID- 3174062 TI - Severe notching of inferior border of mandible. PMID- 3174063 TI - Temporomandibular joint disk displacement: arthrographic and tomographic follow up after 6 months' treatment with disk-repositioning onlays. AB - Eighteen patients with an arthrographic diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disk displacement with reduction were treated with disk-repositioning onlays for 6 months. Arthrograms and tomograms were obtained before and after treatment. The arthrographic examination after treatment showed that the disk remained in the superior position in twelve but was again displaced in six patients. Three of the patients with disk displacement manifested no clinical signs, such as clicking or locking; two showed signs of locking; and one had reciprocal clicking. The patients with clicking or locking had more symptoms than the other patients. A retrospective analysis of the pretreatment arthrograms suggested that there could have been a medial component to the disk displacement in four of the six patients in whom the disk became displaced again during treatment. Medial disk displacement were not seen in the patients with a successful treatment outcome. This study suggests that recurrence of symptoms during treatment with disk repositioning onlays is frequently associated with recurrent disk displacement. The study further suggests that medial displacement of the disk is more difficult to treat. PMID- 3174064 TI - Surgical modification for the correction of chin deformities. AB - This article describes a design of osseous chin surgery based on the principle of the tenon and mortise. This modification allows for precision of movement, ease of repositioning, and adaptation of rigid skeletal stabilization of mobilized osseous segments in the chin. With this technique, the inferior border of the mandible can be moved superiorly, inferiorly, anteriorly, posteriorly, or transversely or in any combination of these directions. PMID- 3174065 TI - Metronidazole in the management of anaerobic neck infection in acute leukemia. AB - A case involving a rapidly progressive neck infection in a severely neutropenic patient with acute leukemia is reported. Resolution followed the addition of metronidazole to an existing standard piperacillin/gentamicin combination, which was used primarily to cover potential gram-negative bacillary pathogens. This indicated the importance of considering extension of anaerobic cover in such infections. PMID- 3174066 TI - Self-sterilization of the electrosurgery electrode. AB - Sterilization of the electrode used in electrosurgery has been assumed to occur at the instant of contact of the energized electrode tip to a grounded source. This study evaluated whether the time of electrode activation or the amount of energy delivered is important in the self-sterilization process. Standard bacteriologic culturing techniques were employed to assess sterility of the electrode tip following activation. Total time of application of the current and the energy used were recorded on audiotape and later tabulated. The data indicate that the time of energizing and the energy units used are critical in the sterilization of the electrode tip. These results confirm that self-sterilization of the electrosurgery electrode tip occurs, but full confidence is not realized with the time intervals commonly employed in clinical practice. The electrode tip must be considered a potential source of bacterial contamination of electrosurgically managed dental procedures. PMID- 3174067 TI - Effect of topical administration of vancomycin versus chlorhexidine on alpha hemolytic streptococci in oral cavity. AB - In a crossover study the effect of local vancomycin (paste containing 0.5% vancomycin applied to the gums three times a day for 7 days) versus chlorhexidine mouth rinsing (0.2% chlorhexidine solution twice a day for 7 days) on alpha hemolytic streptococci in the oral cavity was investigated in eight volunteers. Mixed saliva and dental plaque samples were collected for microbiologic analysis before administration, during treatment, and after withdrawal of the agents. The numbers of different alpha-hemolytic streptococci were determined in the samples. The total numbers of Streptococcus mitior, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sanguis were significantly reduced by the vancomycin treatment compared with the chlorhexidine treatment (p less than 0.05) after 2 days of administration. Two days after the treatment was stopped the numbers of alpha hemolytic streptococci had returned to pretreatment levels. Local prophylaxis with vancomycin as a complement to systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis may therefore be useful in the prevention of infective endocarditis. PMID- 3174068 TI - Superficial mucoceles: pitfall in clinical and microscopic diagnosis. AB - Extravasation mucoceles can be so superficial that they are seen as subepithelial blisters. These may rupture and cause superficial painful ulcers, which usually heal quickly. Occasionally such lesions may be seen in association with other mucosal disorders, particularly lichen planus, and a biopsy is undertaken to establish the diagnosis. In addition, the reporting pathologist may make an erroneous diagnosis of a subepithelial vesiculating disorder such as mucous membrane pemphigoid, especially when the clinical history is vague. Eight cases are described that illustrate some of the pitfalls in clinical and microscopical diagnosis of superficial mucoceles. PMID- 3174069 TI - Electron microscopic studies of primary culture cells from ameloblastoma. AB - Primary culture cells from eight cases of ameloblastoma were obtained and observed by means of light microscopy. Cells in four cases were observed by means of electron microscopy. Cultured cells in all cases resembled epithelial cells with the cells from follicular ameloblastoma more tightly packed than those from the plexiform types. Ultrastructurally, cells from follicular ameloblastoma contained many lysosomes, whereas cells from the plexiform type contained many vacuoles. PMID- 3174070 TI - Recurrent botryoid odontogenic cyst (lateral periodontal cyst). AB - The terms botryoid odontogenic cyst and lateral periodontal cyst have both been used to describe a histologically distinct type of cyst characterized by a thin epithelial lining exhibiting focal thickenings or plaques. The cyst reported herein is a well-documented example of this type of cyst, which exhibited persistent and recurrent behavior. PMID- 3174071 TI - Exposure times at which dental xeroradiographs and radiographs have comparable optical density. AB - Xeroradiographs and conventional radiographs were made of a dentulous human cadaver maxilla that was still covered with soft tissue. The times of exposure for the xeroradiographs started at 6 impulses (1 impulse = 1/60 second) and were increased by increments of 3 impulses through 48 for subsequent images, while the radiographs were made with D-speed film and exposure times of from 21 through 63 impulses, again at every third reading. The same x-ray machine, operated at 70 kVp and 15 mA, was used as the source of radiation for all images. Film/cassette to-jaw relationship and focal-spot-to-film/cassette distance were standardized. Transmission optical density of the resulting images was determined. The results showed that radiographs with transmission optical densities comparable to those of xeroradiographs could be produced with exposure times approximately 3 times those used for xeroradiographs in the lower part of the range observed. This factor decreased to approximately 1.3 as optical density increased. PMID- 3174072 TI - Nonsurgical management of periapical lesions: a prospective study. AB - A total of 93 cases comprising 132 teeth with signs and symptoms or radiographic evidence of periapical pathoses were treated endodontically and were followed up for a period of 2 years. Nonsurgical management was successful in 84.4% of the cases. Histopathologic examination of tissue specimens from cases in which treatment failed revealed that only 35.7% of the cases involved apical cysts, while the remaining 64.3% involved chronic inflammatory tissue. Interestingly, 50% of the failures were observed at or 1 year after completion of treatment, which stresses the need for long-term follow-up of treated endodontic cases. In this study, a successful outcome did not seem to be dependent on either the nature or the size of the lesion, even though it is true that treatment of larger lesions failed more frequently. There seems to be some individual immunologic response variation, which may influence the final outcome of the treatment. Gyromatic instruments were used in 44 of the 93 cases treated and were evaluated and compared with hand instruments in clinical situations. Gyromatic instruments were found to be more convenient and safer to use, since their use improved visibility and eliminated the risk of the instruments' falling into the throat and being aspirated. They exhibited good flexibility and could easily negotiate curved canals without breaking. Used judiciously, these would be efficient tools in the endodontist's armamentarium. PMID- 3174073 TI - Endodontics in veterinary medicine. AB - An animal's dental problems are a tremendous problem for the average dental practitioner. Diagnosis and treatment can be very difficult as a result of the number of animal specimens that may have dental disease. This study presents concepts in veterinary endodontics for members of the canine population, their anatomy, their dental development, and methods of obtaining anesthesia. A discussion of techniques in nonsurgical and surgical endodontics is included. It was concluded that conventional endodontic practices can be used with modifications in instrument length, filling materials, and surgical access, corresponding to the varied oral anatomy within the animal kingdom. PMID- 3174074 TI - A clinical opinion survey of new fine detail panoramic radiographs. AB - An opinion survey was conducted to judge the diagnostic potential of panoramic surveys with image detail similar to periapical radiographs exposed by free-focus radiography. Fifty dentists evaluated four free-focus radiographic surveys of the maxillofacial complex made on nonscreen film, which were selected to illustrate most categories of common dental disease. Conventional rotational panoramic radiographs were available for comparison. Fifty-four percent to 70% selected positive responses to questions on film size, image detail, anatomic area of coverage, and potential value in dental practice. Relatively high percentages of reviewers preferred smaller anatomic coverage and film size. About one third thought that the level of image detail ought to be even better. The overall interest in a nonpanoramic free-focus radiography exposure mode was guarded. Seventy-six percent of all respondents believed that the free-focus radiography films were "experimental." PMID- 3174075 TI - Toothbrush ingestion. PMID- 3174076 TI - Concurrent anomalies: cheilitis glandularis and double lip. Report of a case. AB - Double lip and cheilitis glandularis are uncommon anomalies involving the minor salivary glands of the lip. A unique case of concurrent double lip and cheilitis glandularis is presented. The development, diagnosis, and treatment of both lesions are reviewed. Their concurrent development in this patient appears to be unrelated. PMID- 3174077 TI - A condylar tumor from pre-Columbian Chile: a case report. AB - A case of an expansile, multilocular lesion in a condyle recovered in skeletal remains more than 700 years old is discussed. Gross, radiologic, and histologic studies were accomplished on the specimen. Although a definitive diagnosis could not be arrived at because of the age of the specimen, differential diagnoses are presented. PMID- 3174078 TI - Nasal obstruction after cervical sympathectomy: Horner's syndrome revisited. AB - Horner's syndrome (cervical sympathetic paralysis) typically includes ptosis, miosis, enophthalmos and facial anhidrosis. However, the effect of sympathetic denervation upon the nasal mucosa should be included as a prominent feature, since nasal obstruction is often the most disabling sequel. The anatomical, physiological, and historical basis is discussed and surgical management suggested. PMID- 3174079 TI - Reliability of percutaneous test for facial nerve function. Comparison between indirect and direct stimulation method. AB - To evaluate the reliability of conventional tests for facial nerve denervation, comparisons of the thresholds and relationship with prognosis were made between the conventional percutaneous and direct stimulation methods in 11 cases of facial palsy decompressed and followed up for more than 6 months. Although all cases showed complete or severe nerve degeneration in the preoperative percutaneous stimulation test, the threshold for the direct intraoperative stimulation test varied from 4 V (normal) to more than 30 V. The results of the direct intraoperative stimulation test correlated well with prognosis (degree of improvement of palsy score). Our results indicate that the direct stimulation method is better than the percutaneous stimulation method as an electrodiagnostic test for nerve degeneration. PMID- 3174080 TI - Office practice. PMID- 3174081 TI - Office evaluation and management of the symptomatic knee. AB - In summary, data recorded during the office evaluation should include a chief complaint, a subjective history, a functional history, motion and strength analysis, and objective examination measurements. Storage and access of these data may be categorized on the basis of probable etiology. Finally, the historic and examination criteria for conservative or surgical care may be reviewed periodically to evaluate the results of a specific treatment and changes may be made as necessary to improve patient satisfaction and improve the physician's diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. PMID- 3174082 TI - Postsurgical care for arthroscopic surgery of the knee and shoulder. AB - The use of a consistent, organized, and individualized plan of postoperative care and rehabilitation has aided us in helping our patients achieve an early return to function while minimizing cost and time off work or sport. An integral part of this plan is a home program of therapy outlined by a physical therapist after surgery, but carried out largely by the patient with simple affordable home equipment or easily accessible gymnasium equipment. Well-motivated patients will make optimal use of time and effort in achieving their own goals of return to function with appropriate guidance. PMID- 3174083 TI - Knee bracing. AB - Bracing the knee is a controversial, complex, and often confusing subject. Knee braces are categorized as either prophylactic, rehabilitative, or functional. Bracing goals are to prevent, assist, restrict, align, or simulate function of the knee. A working knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of specific braces in these different categories is required of the physician to properly prescribe these orthotics. PMID- 3174084 TI - Recurrent anterior transient subluxation of the shoulder. The "dead arm" syndrome. AB - Attention is directed to a subtle, unresponsive cause of shoulder disability in the young adult who has sustained a forceful overextension of the shoulder. A careful office evaluation will identify this lesion. A number of factors differentiate it from the numerous other causes of shoulder disability. 1. Usually a young athletic adult. 2. A characteristic history of forceful overextension of the shoulder. 3. Poor response to routine types of treatment. 4. Negative radiographic study. 5. Usually a frustrated and discouraged patient because no one has diagnosed or helped his "dead arm." 6. Consistent physical findings of a positive apprehension test. PMID- 3174085 TI - Injection technique for the shoulder and elbow. AB - 1. Injections of the shoulder or elbow can be carried out effectively with little or no discomfort, with the patient in the sitting position. 2. Aseptic technique should be observed. 3. The corticosteroid solution should not be injected into the tendons of the shoulder joint or elbow. 4. It is safer, less painful, and more effective to inject the solution into the overlying bursal space or the tendon sheath. 5. Repeated injections are not advised. PMID- 3174086 TI - Whiplash syndrome. Fact or fiction? AB - A sprain/strain syndrome or "whiplash injury" is the most common cervical injury associated with rear-end impact motor vehicle accidents. This results in a complex injury, often associated with extensive soft tissue injury in the cervical spine. There is additional potential for long term alteration in neurologic, muscular, and skeletal function. Evaluation and treatment should follow standard orthopedic principles. PMID- 3174087 TI - Scoliosis evaluation. AB - The office evaluation of the patient with suspected or confirmed scoliosis is directed toward establishing the etiology (if a known one exists), defining the configuration and magnitude of the deformity, making an estimate of the likely outcome for the patient based on existing knowledge of the natural history of the patient's deformity, and selecting management options. The evaluation tools needed are the patient interview, physical examination, frequently diagnostic radiology, and sometimes other laboratory studies. PMID- 3174088 TI - The computer. An orthopedic instrument. AB - The computer has become an important tool in orthopedic practice. Indeed, it is now invaluable and will soon be essential. It is still possible to run an orthopedic office without a computer--just as it is still possible to perform meniscectomy by arthrotomy--but that is not what most of us would do. The computer enhances efficiency, can improve business practice, assists in marketing, and helps store and retrieve medical information. The ultimate impact is not only on "business" functions but also on the quality of care. PMID- 3174089 TI - [SZEWPOL--a new osteosynthesis method]. PMID- 3174090 TI - [Bilocal osteosynthesis by Ilizarov's method in defects of the long bones]. PMID- 3174091 TI - [Intraosseous osteosynthesis of the tibia in fractures of the lower third]. PMID- 3174092 TI - [Biomechanical research on the stability of internal osteosynthesis in oblique diaphyseal fractures of the long bones]. PMID- 3174093 TI - [Treatment results in patients with bilateral femoral fractures]. PMID- 3174094 TI - [Experimental modelling of the clinical types of open fractures of the long bones]. PMID- 3174095 TI - [Subplaster pressure and mechanical characteristics of a plaster cast in the treatment of malleolar fractures]. PMID- 3174096 TI - [Late results of prostheses for the disabled after bilateral amputation of the lower extremities]. PMID- 3174097 TI - [Morphofunctional characteristics of the muscles of the amputation stump in different methods of plastic repair of the extremity]. PMID- 3174098 TI - [Degenerative changes in the foot of patients with Dupuytren's contracture]. PMID- 3174099 TI - [Use of hemosorption in the combined treatment of the crush syndrome]. PMID- 3174100 TI - [Transosseous compression-distraction osteosynthesis in fresh diaphyseal fractures in a controlled biomechanical mode]. PMID- 3174101 TI - [Transosseous osteosynthesis by Ilizarov's method in open fractures of the bones of the legs]. PMID- 3174102 TI - [Treatment of fresh and ununited fractures with functional plaster casts]. PMID- 3174103 TI - [Treatment of fresh fractures of the scaphoid bone using early active movements]. PMID- 3174104 TI - [Elongating varisized osteotomy of the femur]. PMID- 3174105 TI - [Hemosorption using xenogeneic spleen in the combined detoxication therapy of complicated trauma]. PMID- 3174106 TI - [Osteosynthesis of the clavicle]. PMID- 3174107 TI - [A device for reducing the dislocation and fixation of the acromial end of the clavicle]. PMID- 3174108 TI - [Elongating arthrodesis of the talocrural joint]. PMID- 3174109 TI - [An attachment for the Arman-1 x-ray apparatus for work in the operating room]. PMID- 3174110 TI - [The nature of accidental childhood fractures (analysis of 5000 cases)]. PMID- 3174111 TI - [Pediatric implications of antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 3174112 TI - [Diagnosis of scoliosis and the introduction of screening in Hungary]. PMID- 3174113 TI - [Problems and possibilities in the management of patients with retinoblastoma in Hungary]. PMID- 3174114 TI - [Incidence of Mycobacterium hominis in the genital tract during the first half of pregnancy]. PMID- 3174115 TI - [The effect of cough on the left heart]. PMID- 3174116 TI - [The effect of lipanthyl therapy on hyperlipoproteinemia type II/a, II/b and IV]. PMID- 3174117 TI - [Factors influencing the course of cerebrovascular diseases in a group of patients treated at a university clinic]. PMID- 3174118 TI - [Metastatic routes in lung cancer]. PMID- 3174119 TI - [Experience with Tarivid (Ofloxacin) in maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3174120 TI - [A case of kidney calix rupture perforating into a renal cyst]. PMID- 3174121 TI - [Extramedullary plasmacytoma]. PMID- 3174122 TI - [Experience with anticoagulant and fibrinolytic therapy in deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities]. PMID- 3174123 TI - [Experiences in Cuba]. PMID- 3174124 TI - [Analysis of the incidence of suicide in Nograd County (1970-80)]. PMID- 3174125 TI - [Collagenous colitis].